bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An efficient analysis of repetitive structures generated by graph products
Authors: Kaveh A. , Rahami H. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this paper, an efficient method is developed for the analysis of regular structures. A structure is called regular if its model can be formed by a graph product. Here, instead of direct solution of the equations corresponding to a regular structure or finding the inverse of the stiffness matrix directly, modal analysis is used, and eigenvectors are employed for calculating the displacements and then internal forces of the structures. For this purpose, first an efficient method is developed for calculating the eigenvectors of the product graphs, and then a method is presented for using these eigenvectors for evaluating the displacements of a structure. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Iterative solvers for 3D linear and nonlinear elasticity problems: Displacement and mixed formulations
Authors: El maliki Abderrahman , Fortin Michel , Tardieu Nicolas , Fortin André 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe present new iterative solvers for large‐scale linear algebraic systems arising from the finite element discretization of the elasticity equations. We focus on the numerical solution of 3D elasticity problems discretized by quadratic tetrahedral finite elements and we show that second‐order accuracy can be obtained at very small overcost with respect to first‐order (linear) elements. Different Krylov subspace methods are tested on various meshes including elements with small aspect ratio. We first construct a hierarchical preconditioner for the displacement formulation specifically designed for quadratic discretizations. We then develop efficient tools for preconditioning the 2 × 2 block symmetric indefinite linear system arising from mixed (displacement‐pressure) formulations. Finally, we present some numerical results to illustrate the potential of the proposed methods. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship between pitch value or S/D ratio of torsion of cord and fetal outcome
Authors: Tian Chun‐Fang , Kang Mei‐hua , Wu Wei , Fu Li‐juan 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether applying pitch values at different positions of the umbilical cord or the umbilical artery blood flow systolic/diastolic (S/D) ratio measured by color ultrasound could forecast excessive torsion of cord and help in selection of the appropriate mode of delivery.MethodsThis study included 184 pregnant women between 37 and 41 weeks of gestation and their neonates. We analyzed the umbilical cord's spiral distance, and the umbilical artery blood flow parameters at the cord's initial section, middle section and the section into the placenta. We also examined the fetal umbilical cord after birth, performed blood gas analysis of umbilical cord blood and recorded the neonatal Apgar score.ResultsExcessive torsion of cord diagnosed by ultrasound and in postnatal anatomy had the same rate of 91%. With lower pitch values (<2.0) and higher S/D ratios (>3.0), the possibility of fetal distress was increased, the neonatal Apgar score was decreased and umbilical blood pH values < 7.2 were more common.ConclusionPitch values and blood flow S/D ratios in different sections of the umbilical cord measured by color ultrasound could forecast excessive torsion of cord and have great significance in reducing the perinatal death rate caused by umbilical cord factors. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Training in cordocentesis: the first 50 case experience with and without a cordocentesis training model
Authors: Tongprasert Fuanglada , Wanapirak Chanane , Sirichotiyakul Supatra , Piyamongkol Wirawit , Tongsong Theera 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the outcomes of the first 50 cordocenteses at mid‐gestation performed by operators who either or not received training on an in vitro model earlier.Materials and MethodsOur unit keeps a prospective database on procedure details and outcomes of cordocenteses. We compared 50 consecutive procedures, from the first one onwards, performed by 5 specialists early in their maternal fetal medicine (MFM) practice, either systematically trained (study group) or not (control group) on an in vitro cordocentesis training model (n = 500 procedures). This training was introduced at the time point MFM became a formal subspeciality in Thailand. Multiple pregnancies and fetuses with chromosomal or structural abnormalities were excluded. The main outcome measures included mean duration of the procedure, the success and fetal loss rate.ResultsThe average duration in the control group was significantly longer than that in the study group (13.2 vs 6.4 min, p < 0.001). Conversely, the success rate was significantly lower (94.8 vs 98.8%, p = 0.011). There were no differences in fetal loss rate.ConclusionSystematic training on a cordocentesis model reduces the time required to successfully obtain a fetal cord blood sample. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Special type of surface states in Hg1–xCdxTe
Authors: Gasan‐zade Salim , Strikha Maksym , Shepelskii Georgii 
Published: April 2010

AbstractRecently, it was shown that, in the Hg1–xCdxTe compound, the photoelectromagnetic effect (PME) exhibits some specific features and anomalies. The anomalies manifest themselves in the alternating sign behavior (including double sign reversal) of the photomagnetic current JPME in the magnetic field H. In this case, both the sign and shape of the magnetic field dependence of the PME current is critically dependent on the intensity of external excitation radiation and the temperature of the sample. In this work, we demonstrate that the anomalies are determined by hitherto unknown surface states.
Resonant Raman scattering in spherical quantum dots: II–VI versus III–V semiconductor nanocrystals
Authors: Vasilevskiy Mikhail I. , Trallero‐Giner Carlos 
Published: April 2010

AbstractResonant Raman scattering (RRS) in nearly‐spherical nanocrystal (NC) quantum dots (QDs) is discussed with respect to the underlying (Fröhlich‐type and optical deformation potential, ODP) mechanisms of the exciton–phonon interaction. Their relative contribution for different QD materials, both II–VI and III–V is compared. It is shown that the (usually overlooked) ODP interaction is entirely responsible for an additional peak in the RRS spectra, situated near the transverse‐optical (TO) phonon frequency, which has been observed for InP, InAs and, recently, CdTe QDs. RRS spectra calculated using continuum models for confined phonons and excitons and taking into account both interaction mechanisms are in excellent agreement with these experimental data.
Comparison of multivariate statistical methods for dynamic systems modeling
Authors: Barceló Susana , Vidal‐Puig Santiago , Ferrer Alberto 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this paper two multivariate statistical methodologies are compared in order to estimate a multi‐input multi‐output transfer function model in an industrial polymerization process. In these contexts, process variables are usually autocorrelated (i.e. there is time‐dependence between observations), posing some problems to classical linear regression models. The two methodologies to be compared are both related to the analyses of multivariate time series: Box‐Jenkins methodology and partial least squares time series. Both methodologies are compared keeping in mind different issues, such as the simplicity of the process modeling (i.e. the steps of the identification, estimation and validation of the model), the usefulness of the graphical tools, the goodness of fit, and the parsimony of the estimated models. Real data from a polymerization process are used to illustrate the performance of the methodologies under study. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A semiparametric technique for the multi‐response optimization problem
Authors: Wan Wen , Birch Jeffrey B. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMulti‐response optimization (MRO) in response surface methodology is quite common in applications. Before the optimization phase, appropriate fitted models for each response are required. A common problem is model misspecification and occurs when any of the models built for the responses are misspecified resulting in an erroneous optimal solution. The model robust regression (MRR) technique, a semiparametric method, has been shown to be more robust to misspecification than either parametric or nonparametric methods. In this study, we propose the use of MRR to improve the quality of model estimation and adapt its fits of each response to the desirability function approach, one of the most popular MRO techniques. A case study and simulation studies are presented to illustrate the procedure and to compare the semiparametric method with the parametric and nonparametric methods. The results show that MRR performs much better than the other two methods in terms of model comparison criteria in most situations during the modeling stage. In addition, the simulated optimization results for MRR are more reliable during the optimization stage. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serotonin release variations during recovery of motor function after a spinal cord injury in rats
Authors: Gerin Christine G. , Hill Angela , Hill Seritta , Smith Kristin , Privat Alain 
Published: April 2010

AbstractCurrent literature suggests that serotonin (5‐HT) release within the ventral horn of the spinal cord plays a role in motor function. We hypothesized that endogenous 5‐HT release is involved in the recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury. To appreciate the functional parameters of regenerating serotonergic fibers, a microdialysis probe was stereotactically implanted in the ventral horn of subhemi‐lesioned rats. Microdialysis in combination with HPLC was used to measure concentrations of 5‐HT in the lumbar ventral horn during periods of rest (90 min), treadmill run (60 min) and postexercise rest (90 min) for a 1‐month time period of recovery following the surgical lesion. Within the same period of time, 5‐HT levels varied significantly. A significant (202%) increase was observed at day 18 postlesion relative to day 8, and a 16.4% decrease was observed at day 34 relative to day 18. Treadmill exercise challenge induced a 10% decrease of 5‐HT release relative to rest at days 18 and 34. In conclusion, overtime treadmill locomotor recovery is parallel to amounts (rest basal levels) and patterns (exercise and postexercise levels) of 5‐HT release suggesting that changes in serotonergic system occurred within the same time frame than locomotor recovery using treadmill challenge. Synapse 64:855–861, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) and Docosapentaenoic Acid (DPAn‐6) Algal Oils Reduce Inflammatory Mediators in Human Peripheral Mononuclear Cells In Vitro and Paw Edema In Vivo
Authors: Nauroth Julie M. , Liu Ying Chun , Van Elswyk Mary , Bell Rebecca , Hall Eileen Bailey , Chung Gloria , Arterburn Linda M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe anti‐inflammatory activity associated with fish oil has been ascribed to the long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC‐PUFA), predominantly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Here we examined the anti‐inflammatory effects of two DHA‐rich algal oils, which contain little EPA, and determined the contribution of the constituent fatty acids, particularly DHA and docosapentaenoic acid (DPAn‐6). In vitro, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated Interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β) and Tumor Necrosis Factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) secretion in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was inhibited with apparent relative potencies of DPAn‐6 (most potent) > DHA > EPA. In addition, DPAn‐6 decreased intracellular levels of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) and was a potent inhibitor of pro‐inflammatory prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production. DHA/DPAn‐6‐rich DHA‐S™ (DHA‐S) algal oil was more effective at reducing edema in rats than DHA‐rich DHA‐T™ (DHA‐T), suggesting that DPAn‐6 has anti‐inflammatory properties. Further in vivo analyses demonstrated that feeding DPAn‐6 alone, provided as an ethyl ester, reduced paw edema to an extent approaching that of indomethacin and enhanced the anti‐inflammatory activity of DHA when given in combination. Together, these results demonstrate that DPAn‐6 has anti‐inflammatory activity and enhances the effect of DHA in vitro and in vivo. Thus, DHA‐S algal oil may have potential for use in anti‐inflammatory applications.
Challenges associated with hypertensive disease during pregnancy in low‐income countries
Authors: Danso Kwabena A. , Opare‐Addo Henry S. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the challenges associated with the diagnosis, management, and prevention of hypertensive disease during pregnancy in low‐income countries, following the success of the Magpie Trial.MethodsDescriptive review of the literature from 1990 to 2009 on the diagnosis, management, and prevention of hypertensive disease in pregnancy.ResultsIn the absence of credible measures to predict and prevent hypertension in pregnancy, diagnosis and treatment remain the only viable options, although they are still associated with important challenges in low‐income countries. Despite the presence of high‐quality evidence that magnesium sulfate is safe and effective at preventing and treating eclampsia, its use is extremely limited in many low‐income countries.ConclusionThere is a need for cheap and reliable tools with which to address the diagnostic, preventive, and management challenges associated with hypertensive disease during pregnancy in low‐income countries. It is recommended that such countries incorporate magnesium sulfate protocols into their national health and/or practice policies.
Factors associated with failure to achieve birth emphasizing a successful singleton at term following in vitro fertilization
Authors: Lien Yih‐Ron , Lu Hsin‐Fen , Peng Fu‐Shiang , Chiu Bao‐Chu , Yeh Szu‐Hsing , Yang Yu‐Shih 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the factors that might affect birth emphasizing a successful singleton at term (BESST) outcomes in women undergoing in vitro fertilization.MethodsA retrospective review of assisted reproduction cases from January 1, 2001, to July 31, 2005, at the Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Variables that were potentially associated with failure to achieve BESST were evaluated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsSuccessful embryo transfer occurred in 297 of the 323 cases of assisted reproduction. In total, 123 women became pregnant and were enrolled for analysis, of whom 94 had live births and 55 achieved BESST. Multivariate analysis indicated that the number of embryos transferred, the presence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, female infertility factors (other than tubal factors), and embryo quality were associated with increased relative risk of BESST failure, with odds ratios of 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.02), 1.21 (95% CI, 1.08–1.36), 1.41 (95% CI, 1.22–1.62), and 0.79 (95% CI, 0.68–0.91), respectively.ConclusionThe number of embryos transferred, the presence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, female infertility factors other than tubal factors, and embryo quality correlate with the risk of failure to achieve BESST.
Midtrimester abortion using vaginal misoprostol for women with three or more prior cesarean deliveries
Authors: Fawzy Muhammad , Abdel‐Hady El‐Said 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of vaginal misoprostol for second‐trimester abortion in women with 3 or more prior cesarean deliveries.MethodsThis study was conducted with 138 women who needed pregnancy termination between 13 and 26 gestational weeks, 31 with 3 or more previous cesarean deliveries and 107 with no uterine scars (the controls). Misoprostol was inserted in the vagina every 6 hours until regular contractions or products of conception appeared, a 200‐µg tablet for the first 24 hours and 2 tablets thereafter. The outcomes assessed were successful vaginal abortion, hemorrhage requiring blood transfusion, incomplete abortion, and uterine rupture.ResultsA vaginal abortion occurred in 28 women (90.3%) in the study group and 107 (100%) in the control group (P = 0.01). There were no significant differences in the prevalence of the other assessed outcomes.ConclusionVaginal misoprostol appears to be safe and acceptably effective for second‐trimester pregnancy termination in women with 3 or more previous cesarean deliveries.
Confronting White Labourism: Socialism, Syndicalism, and the Role of the Scottish Radical Left in South Africa before 1914
Authors: Kenefick William 
Published: April 2010

SummaryDominated by the ideas of the “communist school”, the early history of the socialist and revolutionary syndicalist movement in South Africa has (until relatively recently) been largely overlooked by labour historians. From this approach emerged the view that the dominant voice of white workers in South Africa was British, and to a lesser extent Australian, and that their blend of class and racial consciousness resulted in the widespread support for the common ideology of white labourism. Indeed, support for this system of industrial and racial segregation was prevalent across the British Empire, was widely supported by the imperial working class, and in South Africa was never seriously challenged or confronted before 1914. Over recent years, however, South African labour historians have made efforts to rethink their national labour history by examining the early labour movement and the ideology of white labourism in a global context. This article adopts a similar approach and argues that the politics of white labourism was not uniformly embraced by the imperial working class, and that in South Africa there was a vocal and active non-racialist movement which sought to confront racism and segregation, dispute the operation of the “colour bar”, and challenge the white protectionist policies of the labour and trade-union movement. In conclusion, it will be argued that the campaign to confront white labourism was disproportionately influenced by radical left Scottish migrants who adhered firmly to the colour-blind principles of international socialism and revolutionary syndicalism.
Serotonin and dopamine transporters in relation to neuropsychological functioning, personality traits and mood in young adult healthy subjects
Authors: Burke S. M. , van de Giessen E. , de Win M. , Schilt T. , van Herk M. , van den Brink W. , Booij J. 
Published: April 2010

BackgroundSerotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter systems are implicated in the regulation of mood, cognition and personality traits and their dysfunction is thought to be implicated in diverse psychopathologies. However, in healthy subjects the relationship between the serotonin and dopamine systems and neuropsychological functioning and personality traits is not clearly established. In the present study we investigated whether neuropsychological functioning, personality traits and mood states of a group of healthy subjects are associated with in vivo measures of serotonin transporters (SERTs) and dopamine transporters (DATs).MethodA total of 188 young healthy subjects underwent neuropsychological and subjective measurements of memory function, depression and impulsivity. Participants' SERT and DAT availability in predefined regions of interest were assessed using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with the radiotracer [123I]β-CIT. Individual magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans served as anatomic reference.ResultsWe did not find any significant association between SERT or DAT availability and neuropsychological test performance or self-reported impulsivity and mood. There were no significant sex differences in SERT or DAT availability, but men performed significantly better on some tests of visuospatial functioning than women.ConclusionsRobust negative findings for striatal DAT availability seriously question earlier findings of positive associations between DAT availability and cognitive functions in healthy subjects. Our results also suggest that subcortical SERT availability is not associated with the neuropsychological functions and personality traits assessed. In summary, the present study suggests that neuropsychological and personality measurements in young healthy people are not associated with subcortical SERT or striatal DAT availabilities in the brain.
Miracles and violations
Authors: PRITCHARD TIMOTHY 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe claim that a miracle is a violation of a law of nature has sometimes been used as part of an a priori argument against the possibility of miracle, on the grounds that a violation is conceptually impossible. I criticize these accounts but also suggest that alternative accounts, when phrased in terms of laws of nature, fail to provide adequate conceptual space for miracles. It is not clear what a ‘violation’ of a law of nature might be, but this is not relevant to the question of miracles. In practice, accounts of miracle tend to be phrased in terms of God's act not in terms of laws of nature. Finally, I suggest that the a priori argument reflects an intellectual commitment that is widely held, though wrongly built into the argument itself.
Identifying Key Barriers to Unemployment Insurance for Disadvantaged Workers in the United States
Authors: SHAEFER H. LUKE 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis article seeks to identify key programmatic barriers to access to Unemployment Insurance (UI) faced by two groups of disadvantaged workers in the United States: those in the lowest wage quintile, and part-time workers who are primary wage earners. Analyses use the 2001 Panel of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), a nationally representative, longitudinal survey administered by the United States Census Bureau. Estimates of UI eligibility and receipt are presented for those who enter a spell of unemployment during the panel. Results suggest that a large majority of disadvantaged workers in the United States already meet UI earnings (monetary) requirements, and that barriers to access are more often the result of disadvantaged workers (1) assuming they are ineligible, or (2) not meeting non-monetary eligibility requirements because they voluntarily quit their job or were terminated for cause. Much of the focus in policy debates in the United States remains on reforming UI earnings requirements. If results presented in this article are correct, increasing UI access among disadvantaged workers will further require increasing rates of application through expanded knowledge about the programme among disadvantaged workers, and expanding (non-monetary) eligibility for job leavers.
Icy Bodies in the New Solar System
Authors: Jewitt David 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis brief paper summarizes a “key general review” with the same title given at the IAU meeting in Rio de Janeiro. The intent of the review talk was to give a broad and well-illustrated overview of recent work on the icy middle and outer Solar system, in a style interesting for those astronomers whose gaze is otherwise drawn to more distant realms. The intent of this written review is the same.