bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and potential biological activity of some novel 3-[(N-substituted indol-3-yl)methyleneamino]-6-amino-4-aryl-pyrano(2,3-c)pyrazole-5-carbonitriles and 3,6-diamino-4-(N-substituted indol-3-yl)pyrano(2,3-c)pyrazole-5-carbonitriles
Authors: Mandour Adel , El-Sawy Eslam , Ebaid Manal , Hassan Seham 
Published: April 2012

Synthesis and potential biological activity of some novel 3-[(N-substituted indol-3-yl)methyleneamino]-6-amino-4-aryl-pyrano(2,3-c)pyrazole-5-carbonitriles and 3,6-diamino-4-(N-substituted indol-3-yl)pyrano(2,3-c)pyrazole-5-carbonitriles
Starting from N-substituted indole-3-carboxaldehydes (1a-g) a series of new 3-[(N-substituted indol-3-yl)methyleneamino]-6-amino-4-aryl-pyrano(2,3-c)pyrazole-5-carbonitriles (3a-g and 4a-g) have been synthesized via the acid catalyzed condensation reaction of 1a-g with 3-amino-5-pyrazolone, followed by the reaction with arylidene malononitriles. A series of new 3,6-diamino-4-(N-substituted indol-3-yl)pyrano(2,3-c)pyrazole-5-carbonitriles (7a-g) have been prepared either via the base catalyzed condensation reaction of 1a-g with 3-amino-5-pyrazolone to give 6a-g, followed by the reaction with malononitrile or by the reaction of N-substituted-3-indolylidene malononitriles (5a-g) with 3-amino-5-pyrazolone. According to the obtained results, the newly synthesized compounds possess significant anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anticonvulsant activities. The anticonvulsant potency of certain tested compounds was more pronounced than both anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Moreover, most of the newly synthesized compounds possess potential antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Spherical crystallization of drugs
Authors: Kovačič Borut , Vrečer Franc , Planinšek Odon 
Published: April 2012

Spherical crystallization of drugsSpherical crystallization of drugs is the process of obtaining larger particles by agglomeration during crystallization. The most common techniques used to obtain such particles are spherical agglomeration and quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion. Ammonia diffusion systems and crystallo-co-agglomeration are extensions of these techniques. By controlling process parameters during crystallization, such as temperature, stirring rate, type and amount of solvents, or excipient selection, it is possible to control the formation of agglomerates and obtain spherical particles of the desired size, porosity, or hardness. Researchers have reported that the particles produced have improved micromeritic, physical, and mechanical properties, which make them suitable for direct compression. In some cases, when additional excipients are incorporated during spherical crystallization, biopharmaceutical parameters including the bioavailability of drugs can also be tailored.
Toxicity and Physiological Effect of Essential Oil of Artemisia Annua (Labiatae) on Agriolimax Agrestis L. (Stylommatophora: Limacidae)
Authors: Amirmohammadi Fereshteh , Sendi Jalal , Zibaee Arash 
Published: April 2012

Toxicity and Physiological Effect of Essential Oil ofArtemisia Annua(Labiatae) onAgriolimax AgrestisL. (Stylommatophora: Limacidae)Essential oil ofArtemisia annuaL. was investigated to find out its toxicity and physiological aspects on the slugAgriolimax agrestis, in controlled conditions (8±1°C, 75±5 RH and 14:10 LD). The slugs received different concentrations of essential oil treated radish leaves in methanol, while the control received methanol alone. LC10, LC30, LC50and LC90values were estimated at 4.67, 5.3, 5.81, 7.25%, respectively. The effect of the essential oil on some important enzymatic components like; cytochrome P450 monnooxygenase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, lipase, amylase and protease were significantly increased compared to the control. These results indicate that the plantArtemisia annuaL. not only shows toxicity but also shows some irreversible effect on some important biochemical components and deserves further investigation.
Intra- and Inter-Instrument Reliability of the Actiwatch 4 Accelerometer in a Mechanical Laboratory Setting
Authors: Routen Ashley , Upton Dominic , Edwards Martin , Peters Derek 
Published: April 2012

Intra- and Inter-Instrument Reliability of the Actiwatch 4 Accelerometer in a Mechanical Laboratory Setting
This study aimed to quantify the intra-and inter-instrument reliability of the Actiwatch 4 accelerometer (AW4) in a mechanical setting. Twenty seven AW4 were attached to an isokinetic dynamometer and subjected to angular acceleration for 30 min at 50 deg/sec representing moderate intensity (MPA condition) and 200 deg/sec representing vigorous intensity (VPA condition), with a repeat trial conducted. Reliability was assessed using coefficient of variation (CV), absolute percent error (APE), and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Mean AW4 activity counts displayed acceptable reliability according to CV in both conditions (ConMPA: CVintra = 4.6%, APEintra = 6.6%, CVinter = 6.4%, APEinter = 5.2%; ConVPA: CVintra = 3.9%, APEintra = 5.6%, CVinter = 5.9%, APEinter = 4.7%). When counts were re-categorised into minutes of MPA and VPA, lower CV values were observed (ConMPA: CVintra = 3.2%, APEintra = 4.5%, CVinter = 4.3%, APEinter = 3.2%; ConVPA: CVintra = 0.0%, APEintra = 0.0%, CVinter = 0.0%, APEinter = 0.0%). When activity counts were re-categorised as minutes of MVPA, excellent reliability was observed (CVintra, APEintra, CVinter, and APEinter = 0.0%) in both conditions. Mean AW4 activity counts exhibit reliability statistics comparable to other accelerometers. Reliability is improved when activity counts are re-categorised as time spent in MPA and VPA, with greatest reliability obtained when counts are recategorised as time spent in MVPA. As MVPA is the subcomponent of physical activity most associated with health benefits it would appear that the AW4 is reliable for measuring time spent in this health enhancing intensity category, at least from testing in a mechanical laboratory setting.
Geoheritage conservation in Ethiopia: the case of the Simien Mountains
Authors: Asrat Asfawossen , Demissie Metasebia , Mogessie Aberra 
Published: April 2012

Geoheritage conservation in Ethiopia: the case of the Simien Mountains
Ethiopia constitutes one of the most significant environmental and cultural reserves on Earth. Ethiopia's natural and cultural tourist attractions are mostly associated with geological features: the active Ethiopian and Afar rifts as well as the Simien and Bale massifs are few examples. Ethiopia's cultural history, religious manifestations and civilization, like the rock-hewn churches of Lalibela and the stelae of Axum, are also imprinted in rock. Geomorphological and geological features, notably the isolation of the north-western highlands from the external world by the harsh Afar depression close to the sea, determined the route of Ethiopian history. Though tourism has been identified as a major sustainable development sector, systematic geoheritage evaluation and conservation strategies are lacking in the country. I this paper the Simien Mountains are presented as major geoheritages which should be prioritized for geoconservation in order to develop sustainable tourism (geotourism) in the area.
Pre-Quaternary geomorphological history and geoheritage of Britain
Authors: Migoń Piotr , Goudie Andrew 
Published: April 2012

Pre-Quaternary geomorphological history and geoheritage of Britain
Substantial parts of the British Isles preserve landscapes that are the legacy of pre-Quaternary times. Some of these may be the result of burial and exhumation of pre-Cenozoic features. However, most landscapes post-date the Cretaceous transgression during which a Chalk mantle was laid down. Much of the British Isles became land during the Palaeogene and the Chalk cover was rapidly removed over large areas. Sea floor spre-ading, thermal uplift, and intrusion and extrusion of igneous material occurred. Landscapes also evolved in response to warm climatic conditions and this may have led to etchplanation. In the Neogene various surface formed and were affected by ongoing tectonic activity. Various estimates have been made of Cenozoic denu-dation rates and amounts, but they appear to have varied spatially and temporally. Landscapes which provide tangible evidence of pre-Quaternary times include those of north-east Scotland and southern England. Such ancient landscapes are important components of the Geoheritage of Britain.
Main Forms of Energy Governing Soil Formation
Authors: Blum Winfried 
Published: April 2012

Main Forms of Energy Governing Soil Formation
Soil formation is governed by four different forms of energy: gravity, orogenic energy, solar energy and anthropogenic energy. The specific influence of these four different energy forms is explained, thus making soil development under different physiogeographic and environmental conditions more understandable. In this context, it is also shown that human impact plays an increasingly important role on soil formation and functioning.
A new impulse noise detection and filtering algorithm
Authors: Hanji Geeta , Latte M. 
Published: April 2012

A new impulse noise detection and filtering algorithm
A new impulse detection and filtering algorithm is proposed for restoration of images that are highly corrupted by impulse noise. It is based on the average absolute value of four convolutions obtained by one-dimensional Laplacian operators. The proposed algorithm can effectively remove the impulse noise with a wide range of noise density and produce better results in terms of the qualitative and quantitative measures of the images even at noise density as high as 90%. Extensive simulations show that the proposed algorithm provides better performance than many of the existing switching median filters in terms of noise suppression and detail preservation.
Using Graphical Models for Depth Map Estimation
Authors: Kozik Rafał , Marchewka Adam 
Published: April 2012

Using Graphical Models for Depth Map Estimation
Two slightly different projections of the same scene allow the stereovision algorithms to reconstruct its 3D structure and to estimate the distance to particular object. However commonly used real-time correlation-based solutions usually suffer from inaccuracy. Therefore, finding an efficient and accurate algorithm for depth reconstruction is still a challenging task to do. The approach to stereo matching, presented in this paper is described as a problem of correlating different local observations that evaluate the dissimilarities between left and right images in order to obtain smooth and more accurate depth map. The results obtained with the proposed method are evaluated and compared with other state of the art methods.
Advances in Engineering Software for Lift Transportation Systems
Authors: Kazakoff Alexander 
Published: April 2012

Advances in Engineering Software for Lift Transportation Systems
In this paper an attempt is performed at computer modelling of ropeway ski lift systems. The logic in these systems is based on a travel form between the two terminals, which operates with high capacity cabins, chairs, gondolas or draw-bars. Computer codes AUTOCAD, MATLAB and Compaq-Visual Fortran - version 6.6 are used in the computer modelling. The rope systems computer modelling is organized in two stages in this paper. The first stage is organization of the ground relief profile and a design of the lift system as a whole, according to the terrain profile and the climatic and atmospheric conditions. The ground profile is prepared by the geodesists and is presented in an AUTOCAD view. The next step is the design of the lift itself which is performed by programmes using the computer code MATLAB. The second stage of the computer modelling is performed after the optimization of the co-ordinates and the lift profile using the computer code MATLAB. Then the co-ordinates and the parameters are inserted into a program written in Compaq Visual Fortran - version 6.6., which calculates 171 lift parameters, organized in 42 tables. The objective of the work presented in this paper is an attempt at computer modelling of the design and parameters derivation of the rope way systems and their computer variation and optimization.
Aqueous Phase Kinetic Studies Involving Intermediates of Environmental Interest: Phosphate Radicals and Their Reactions with Substituted Benzenes
Authors: Mártire Daniel O. , Gonzalez Mónica C. 
Published: April 2012

This manuscript describes our research work devoted to the understanding of the aqueous phase reactions of phosphate and polyphosphate radicals. Inorganic phosphate and polyphosphate radicals were generated after photolysis of peroxo-diphosphate, tripolyphosphate and pyrophosphate ions. The reactions of SO4•-radicals with P2O74- and P3O105- are also discussed. The logarithm of the bimolecular rate constants for the reactions of the three phosphate radicals (H2PO4• HPO4•- PO4•2-) with substituted benzenes are discussed in terms of Hammett correlations and a reaction mechanism is proposed. Phenoxyl type radical formation from the reactions of H2PO4• and HPO4•- radicals with phenol, chlorobenzene, and α, α, α-trifluorotoluene (TFT) supports the contribution of an addition pathway yielding a phosphate adduct with the substituted benzene. Additional information on the absorption spectra and decay kinetics of the hydroxycyclohexadienyl radicals of chlorobenzene and TFT is also given.
La fièvre de l'Euro
Authors: Roussel Josse 
Published: April 2012

Les nations du sud de la zone Euro ont connu la prospérité dans les années qui ont suivi la création de la monnaie unique. Le bond de la consommation et l’élévation du niveau de vie se sont hélas révélés être des mirages. En favorisant un endettement massif, l’Euro a encouragé un mirage économique qui, aujourd’hui disparu, ne laisse plus entrevoir qu’un mur de dettes et sa promesse d’austérité perpétuelle. Comment en est-on arrivé là ? Comment en sortir ?
Comprendre la crise espagnole Une inflexion entre deux époques ?
Authors: Pellistrandi Benoît 
Published: April 2012

La crise économique espagnole, bousculant ce que certains avaient pris pour un modèle de croissance et de développement en Europe, invite à dépasser la simple explication conjoncturelle. La thèse centrale de cette contribution est que cette crise massive constitue une charnière entre deux époques. La première (1976- 2008) serait celle de la croissance, de la métamorphose heureuse et du rayonnement culturel, tandis que depuis trois ans se serait ouverte une nouvelle séquence de l’histoire espagnole, marquée par l’entrée dans l’ère du pessimisme. La redéfinition d’acquis de la période précédente accentue le caractère de tournant que constituerait ainsi l’année 2011, marquée par des mouvements sociaux et une alternance politique d’importance.
Chypre, victime de la spéculation financière
Authors: Chiclet Christophe 
Published: April 2012

Chypre est une île divisée depuis 1974. Depuis lors, la république de Chypre a connu un essor économique certain. Malgré tout, l’île a fait l’objet d’avertissements de la part des agences de notations qui semblent à tout le moins excessifs.
La question Queer au Maroc Identités sexuées et transgenre au sein de la littérature marocaine de langue française
Authors: Zaganiaris Jean 
Published: April 2012

Peut-on penser les pratiques sexuelles au sein des sociétés arabo-musulmanes en relation avec des problématiques de la Queer Theory ? À partir des discours écrits et oraux des écrivains marocains de langue française, nous avons voulu regarder de quelle façon les pratiques sexuelles et les identités sexuées sont représentées au sein de leurs œuvres. En travaillant sur ces discours, nous nous sommes aperçus que des questions relatives à la lutte contre l’hétéronormativité à tendance patriarcale ou bien au transgenre sont évoquées par un certain nombre d’auteurs. Toutefois, est-ce que cela suffit pour parler de Queer au Maroc ?
Life History Traits of Adult Broad Whitefish and Humpback Whitefish
Authors: Harper Ken C. , Harris Frank , Miller Steve J. , Thalhauser John M. , Ayers Scott D. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Broad whitefish Coregonus nasus and humpback whitefish C. pidschian are important to the regional subsistence economy of the Kuskokwim River watershed, Alaska, where they and other whitefish constitute greater than half of the nonsalmon fish harvests. Harvest occurs year-round from lakes, ponds, and the mainstem by subsistence fishermen and through a limited number of commercial permits. Little is known about the life history (e.g., migration patterns) of these species, and subsistence fishers have raised concerns about declining body size and abundance. Project objectives were to 1) characterize annual movement patterns of mature broad whitefish and humpback whitefish, 2) verify suspected spawning locations and locate new spawning locations for broad whitefish and humpback whitefish, 3) describe overwintering locations for broad whitefish and humpback whitefish, 4) characterize age and length at maturity for broad whitefish and humpback whitefish, and 5) characterize the habitat of at least one humpback whitefish spawning area. During 2006–2009, we implanted radiotransmitters in 135 mature broad whitefish and 83 humpback whitefish and tracked movements in the Kuskokwim River drainage. We identified two mainstem spawning areas used by broad whitefish and three tributary spawning areas and one mainstem spawning area used by humpback whitefish. Broad whitefish continued to move into spawning areas under the ice and spawned in late October or early November. Humpback whitefish spawned in early October before the river froze over. Individuals of each species migrated as far as 800 river kilometers to spawning areas. Both species migrated downstream after spawning, overwintered in the mainstem Kuskokwim River, and exhibited fidelity to oxbow and tundra lake feeding areas in the summer. Consecutive year spawning was exhibited by individuals of both species and occurred more frequently in males than females for broad whitefish. The median age (5 y) of broad whitefish captured for radiotagging was younger than ages observed in samples collected from other broad whitefish populations in Alaska and Canada. Only mature humpback whitefish in spawning condition were found during October in suspected spawning areas in the Holitna and Swift rivers.
Livret et partition pour un opéra fantôme : le débat entre Claude Gauvreau et Pierre Mercure autour du Vampire et la nymphomane
Authors: Lapointe Gilles 
Published: April 2012

« Refus d’un cantonnement dans la seule bourgade plastique », écrivait Borduas dans Refus global. En 1948, la quête de l’abstraction s’imposait en effet comme la voie à suivre pour marquer la rupture avec la tradition artistique. Depuis les années 1980, une grande attention critique a été accordée à la dimension multidisciplinaire des activités du groupe automatiste. Auteur du livret de l’opéra Le Vampire et la nymphomane — une oeuvre faisant appel à l’étroite collaboration de Pierre Mercure —, le poète Claude Gauvreau aura été celui qui aura défendu avec le plus d’ardeur la place de la musique au sein du groupe montréalais. Cette étude tente, dans un premier temps, de mettre en lumière les aspects les plus significatifs de cette contribution. Elle examine ensuite, à partir de l’idéal surréaliste, les causes de la mésentente qui opposa publiquement en 1949 Claude Gauvreau et Pierre Mercure au sujet de l’opéra Le Vampire et la nymphomane. À travers la présentation d’une lettre inédite de Claude Gauvreau à André Breton, elle interroge enfin quelques-unes des idées source au fondement du rapport de fascination et de rejet qui a marqué les échanges entre l’automatisme et le surréalisme.
Fabrikplanung im Fokus
Authors: Loos Manuel Norbert , Ovtcharova Jivka , Heinz Stefanie 
Published: April 2012

AbstractFabrikplanung ist seit jeher eine Disziplin, bei der Belange des Maschinen‐ und Anlagenbaus auf die Belange des Bauwesens und der Architektur treffen. Dieses Querschnittsthema ist demnach geprägt von diversen Einflüssen aus verschiedenen Fachbereichen. Was genau Fabrikplanung beinhaltet und wie der Begriff definiert ist, soll im folgenden Beitrag geklärt werden; außerdem ist es ein Anliegen, die Einteilung dieser Disziplin zu klären und die Aufgabenbereiche abzugrenzen. Dabei spielt es auch eine wesentliche Rolle, die Elemente und die Bedeutung von Fabrikstrukturen zu diskutieren. Aufgrund sich verändernder Einflüsse im Bereich der Produktion und weiterer übergeordneter Entwicklungen in Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft ergeben sich neue Herausforderungen für die Fabrikplanung, die von den Fabrikplanern in produzierenden Unternehmen zu bewältigen sind. Wie sich die Rolle des Fabrikplaners im Berufsalltag darstellt, wird abschließend dargestellt und anhand einiger Projekt‐ auf Aufgabenbeispiele erläutert.Factory planning in focus – Between machines and structural worksFactory planning has always been a discipline that is between the topics of mechanical engineering and plant construction on the one side and civil engineering and architecture on the other side. This cross‐sectional topic is therefore affected by influences of these different departments. This paper is to explain the tasks of factory planning and to define the term; furthermore this discipline shall be subdivided and the tasks shall be separated. Moreover it plays an important role to discuss the elements and the importance of production facilities. Because of changing influences in production and other global developments in society and economy there are new challenges for the factory planning to be handled by the factory planners of manufacturing companies. What duties and responsibilities factory planners have in their daily work is finally explained by means of some examples.
Bioökonomie und der Mensch
Authors: Müller Klaus , Knierim Andrea 
Published: April 2012

AbstractEin auf breiter Basis akzeptiertes Leitbild ist Voraussetzung für die weitgehende Vermeidung bzw. die erfolgreiche Überwindung von unvermeidbaren Akzeptanzproblemen bei der Implementierung einer Bioökonomiestrategie.Die beste biotechnologische/bioökonomische Innovation lässt sich nicht gesellschaftlich Wohlfahrt bringend implementieren, wenn nicht bereits im Vorfeld oder während der Innovationsentwicklung relevante normative Fragen auf gesellschaftlicher Ebene diskutiert werden, zugehörige Chancen und Risiken identifiziert und kommuniziert sowie Strategien zur Vermeidung dieser Risiken entwickelt werden. All dies setzt eine Partizipation der tangierten gesellschaftlichen Gruppen sowie effektive Kommunikationsstrategien voraus.
Gründer haben kurze Beine
Authors: Irsch Wilhelm 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWenn nur wenige Individuen einer Art eine neue, zumindest teilweise isolierte Population aufbauen, ist die genetische Vielfalt ihrer Nachkommen sehr gering. Bestimmte anatomische oder sonstige Merkmale treten bei ihnen häufiger auf als in anderen Populationen, was sie letztlich auszeichnet und gegenüber anderen hervorhebt. Diesen “Gründereffekt” konnte man nicht nur zu Darwins Zeiten beobachten – er ist auch heutzutage nachweisbar, wie Forscher am Beispiel der Reptilienart Anolis sagrei zeigen konnten.