bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The production of hybrids with high ecological amplitude between exoticSpartina densifloraand nativeS. maritimain the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Castillo J. M. , Ayres D. R. , Leira‐Doce P. , Bailey J. , Blum M. , Strong D. R. , Luque T. , Figueroa E. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAim Hybridization is a common and potent mechanism of plant evolution that has the potential to be evolutionary significant in its own right, and hybrids are common between invasive and native congeneric species. Our aims were to document the existence and nature of newSpartinahybrids arising between introducedSpartina densifloraand nativeS. maritimain tidal marshes of the Iberian Peninsula, to examine the actual and potential range of hybrids in the intertidal zone, and to analyse the seed set of hybrids.Location South‐West Iberian Peninsula.Methods Hybrids were characterized using chloroplast and nuclear DNA, and ploidy assessments. The ecological tolerance of the hybrids was studied using vegetation surveys and transplant experiments.Results We found that both parental species have been seed parents to hybrids and that all hybrids had an additive pattern of species‐specific nuclear markers consistent with F1hybrids. Hybrid chromosome numbers varied between 2n = ca. 65 and 2n = ca. 94–97, whileS. maritimahad 2n = ca. 60 andS. densiflorahad 2n = ca. 70. Hybrids grew in three discrete locations along the intertidal zone but were capable of growing throughout the ranges of both parental species in transplanted gardens, and in most cases, grew better than the parental species. While the potential exists for the origination of another invasiveSpartinahybrid species, thus far hybrid plants are not fertile, limiting their ability to invade and spread.Main conclusions We recommend the eradication of all of the currently quite limited hybrid cordgrass and to fight theS. densiflorainvasion in the Iberian Peninsula to prevent the origination of a new invasive allopolyploidSpartinaspecies.
The Global Competition for Wild Fish Resources between Livestock and Aquaculture
Authors: Tveterås Sigbjørn , Tveterås Ragnar 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAquaculture satisfies a growing global demand for fish but also consumes an increasing share of the world’s wild fish resources. This has led to a concern that increased aquaculture production poses a threat to the sustainability of capture fisheries. We use a shrinkage estimator to estimate fishmeal demand from countries with different make‐up of meat and farmed salmon production. Although we are not able to identify structural differences between these sectors, the empirical results show that fishmeal demand is price inelastic. Technological change, however, is reducing fishmeal usage in feeds, suggesting that strong demand pressure on pelagic fish resources targeted for fishmeal is a temporary phenomenon.
The Effects of Multiple Health and Nutrition Labels on Consumer Food Choices
Authors: Barreiro‐Hurle Jesús , Gracia Azucena , De‐Magistris Tiziana 
Published: May 2010

AbstractConsumers face an increasing availability of information on health and nutritional aspects of foods, especially on food package labels. Previous research has identified that this information is positively valued, but the effect of presenting several items of information simultaneously is not well understood. We conduct a choice experiment to identify the effects of multiple health and nutrition information labels for two products representing a healthy and less healthy food choice. Although our consumers attach positive utility to most of the individual labels evaluated here, the simultaneous presence of more than one label only has positive impact on utility in one of nine possible cases. Therefore, promotion of multiple labels should not be considered beneficial a priori either from a regulatory or business perspective. In addition, results show that consumers show a higher willingness to pay for nutrition and health labels for less healthy products.
The P–T evolution of ultra high temperature garnet‐bearing ultramafic rocks from the Saxonian Granulitgebirge Core Complex, Bohemian Massif
Authors: SCHMÄDICKE E. , GOSE J. , WILL T. M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractGarnet‐bearing ultramafic rocks (GBUR) enclosed in granulite or high‐grade gneiss are rare, yet typical constituents of alpine‐type collisional orogens. The Bohemian Massif of the European Variscides is exceptional for the occurrence of a large variety of mantle‐derived rocks, including GBUR (garnet peridotite and garnet pyroxenite). GBUR occur in several metamorphic units belonging to both the Saxothuringian and the Moldanubian zones of the Bohemian Massif. The northernmost outcrops of GBUR in the Bohemian Massif are situated in the Saxonian Granulitgebirge Core Complex in the Saxothuringian zone and are the subject of this study. Thermobarometric results and exsolution textures imply that the Granulitgebirge GBUR belong to the ultra high temperature group of peridotites. They experienced a decompression‐cooling path being constrained by the following four stages: (i) ∼1300–1400 °C and 32 kbar, (ii) 1000–1050 °C and 26 kbar, (iii) 900–940 °C and 22 kbar, and (iv) 860 °C and 12–13 kbar. Occasional layers of garnet pyroxenite within GBUR lenses are interpreted as high pressure cumulates that crystallized at 32–36 kbar by cooling below 1400 °C. The GBUR were most probably derived from upwelling asthenosphere and came in contact with crustal granulite at ∼60 km depth. Slab break‐off is suggested here as the most probable cause for: (i) asthenosphere upwelling and cooling of the latter as well as (ii) ultra high temperature granulite facies metamorphism of the crustal host rocks. The Granulitgebirge‐type peridotite is very similar to the Mohelno‐type peridotite from the Gföhl unit, Moldanubian zone, in the southern part of the Bohemian Massif. In contrast, peridotite from the adjacent Erzgebirge (also within the Saxothuringian zone) is derived from the subcontinental mantle and much resembles the Nove Dvory‐type peridotite from the Gföhl unit (Moldanubian zone). The fact that the Saxothuringian and Moldanubian zones host the same types of mantle rocks (asthenospheric and lithospheric) of the same metamorphic ages suggests that the classic distinction into the Saxothuringian and Moldanubian zones cannot be supported, at least as far as high‐grade units hosting GBUR are concerned.
Predisposition to epilepsy—Does the ABCB1 gene play a role?
Authors: Nurmohamed Laila , Garcia‐Bournissen Facundo , Buono Russell J. , Shannon Michael W. , Finkelstein Yaron 
Published: May 2010

SummaryWe performed a meta‐analysis to evaluate the association between ABCB1 C3435T polymorphisms and the prevalence of epilepsy, including all relevant human studies (until June 2009), in which patients with or without epilepsy had undergone genotyping for the ABCB1 gene. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using a random effects model. We identified 9 case–control studies that included a total of 3,996 patients (2,454 with epilepsy and 1,542 nonepileptic subjects). No association was found between ABCB1 C3435T polymorphisms and the risk of having epilepsy (odds ratio 1.07, 95% confidence interval 0.76–1.51; p = 0.34). ABCB1 genotyping for epileptic patients is not warranted.
Surgical treatment of patients with drug‐resistant hypermotor seizures
Authors: Tao Yu , Guojun Zhang , Yuping Wang , Lixin Cai , Wei Du , Yongjie Li 
Published: May 2010

SummaryPurpose:  To describe the clinical, electrophysiologic, neuroradiologic, and histologic findings in our patients with drug‐resistant hypermotor seizures (HMSs) and to evaluate the outcome of their surgical treatment.Methods:  Twenty‐three patients were identified by criteria for drug‐resistant HMS. Surgical treatment and presurgical evaluation modalities including semiology, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), interictal/ictal scalp video‐EEG (electroencephalography), and intracranial recording were analyzed retrospectively.Results:  The common seizure frequency of 60–300 per month was observed among 15 patients. Sixteen patients (69.6%) experienced auras such as fear and palpitation. Marked agitation was observed in 12 patients and mild agitation in 11 patients. Groaning/shouting and asymmetric posturing were common accompanying symptoms. Asymmetric posturing was observed more often in patients with mild agitation than in those with marked agitation (p = 0.027). MRI detected focal abnormalities in six patients. Intracranial recording was conducted in 16 patients. The origins of seizures were localized in mesial frontal cortex in four patients, dorsolateral frontal cortex in four patients, and mesial temporal cortex in two patients. The epileptogenic zones (EZs) were resected from the frontal lobe in 21 patients and from the temporal lobe in 2 patients. The follow‐up ranged from 12–60 months. Seventeen patients (73.9%) had been seizure‐free, 11 of whom had presented with marked agitation (11 of 12) and 6 with mild agitation (6 of 11) (p = 0.069). Histologic examinations demonstrated focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) in 18 patients.Discussion:  The HMSs can originate from both the mesial and dorsolateral frontal cortex, and occasionally from the temporal lobe. Patients with drug‐resistant HMSs should be recommended for resective surgical treatment.
Intrinsic activation of GABAA receptors suppresses epileptiform activity in the cerebral cortex of immature mice
Authors: Richter Daniel , Luhmann Heiko J. , Kilb Werner 
Published: May 2010

SummaryPurpose:  Activation of ionotropic γ‐aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors induces in immature neocortical neurons a membrane depolarization that may contribute to the higher epilepsy susceptibility in newborns. To elucidate whether depolarizing GABAergic responses enhance or attenuate epileptiform activity in the immature neocortex, we investigated the effect of agonists, antagonists, and positive modulators of GABAA receptors on epileptiform activity.Methods:  We performed in vitro field potential recordings on isolated whole neocortex preparations and whole cell recordings of identified pyramidal neurons in 400‐μm slices of immature (postnatal day 1–7) mice. Epileptiform activity was induced by low Mg2+ solutions with or without 50–100 μm 4‐aminopyridine.Results:  Bath application of GABA (3–100 μm, in the presence of tiagabine) attenuated epileptiform activity. The GABA transporter isoform 1 (GAT‐1) inhibitor tiagabine (30 μm) and the GAT‐2/3 specific inhibitor SNAP 5114 (40 μm) reduced the frequency of epileptiform activity. The benzodiazepines midazolam (0.2 μm) and zolpidem (0.5 μm) as well as the barbiturate phenobarbital (30 μm) slightly attenuated epileptiform activity. Continuous bath application of the GABAergic antagonist gabazine (SR‐95531, 2–3 μm) or picrotoxin (15 μm) induced epileptiform discharges.Discussion:  These results demonstrate, that (1) the activation or positive modulation of GABAA receptors attenuates epileptiform activity, (2) GABAA antagonists mediate a disinhibition, and (3) GABA uptake contributes to the regulation of extracellular GABA in immature neocortex. We conclude from these findings that a constant inhibition via GABAA receptors is required to suppress epileptiform activity already in the immature neocortex.
Serotonin reuptake inhibitors are associated with reduced severity of ictal hypoxemia in medically refractory partial epilepsy
Authors: Bateman Lisa M. , Li Chin‐Shang , Lin Tzu‐Chun , Seyal Masud 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIctal respiratory dysfunction occurs in patients with epilepsy and may contribute to sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Fluoxetine reverses respiratory arrest in a mouse model of epilepsy, suggesting that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may reduce ictal respiratory dysfunction. Video–electroencephalography (EEG) and pulse oximetry data from 496 seizures in 73 consecutive patients with partial epilepsy was reviewed, including 87 seizures in 16 patients taking SSRIs (SSRI+) and 409 seizures in 57 patients not taking SSRIs (SSRI−). The proportion of ictal‐related oxygen desaturation <85% with partial seizures without secondary convulsions in SSRI+ patients was reduced relative to SSRI− patients (p = 0.011). There was no statistically significant difference in ictal oxygen desaturation for secondarily generalized convulsions. SSRIs are associated with reduced likelihood of ictal oxygen desaturation in patients with partial seizures.
Epilepsy in Rett syndrome—The experience of a National Rett Center
Authors: Nissenkorn Andreea , Gak Eva , Vecsler Manuela , Reznik Haia , Menascu Shay , Ben Zeev Bruria 
Published: May 2010

SummaryPurpose:  Rett syndrome (RTT), an X‐linked, dominant neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in the methyl‐CpG‐binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene, presents with acquired microcephaly, autistic regression, hand usage loss, and stereotypies. Epilepsy is frequent and has been reported to correlate with mutation type, general disease severity, and BDNF polymorphism. Our purpose was a comprehensive description of epilepsy features and course in RTT.Methods:  Retrospective review of charts and electroencephalography (EEG) studies in 97 patients with RTT.Results:  Seventy‐two percent of patients had epilepsy, appearing at a median age of 3 years. According to age of onset, we divided patients into three groups: 6 with early epileptic variant (0–1 year), 42 with early epilepsy (1–5 years), and 20 with late epilepsy (after 5 years). Early epileptic variant had severe seizure types in the first year of life, followed by a typical RTT picture; all were MECP2 negative. Early epilepsy and late epilepsy groups were similar with respect to Rett‐related symptoms, but seizures were better controlled in the second group (p < 0.05). Epileptiform activity appeared earlier and was more confluent in the early epilepsy group, including nine patients with electrical status epilepticus during sleep (ESES) versus one in the late epilepsy group (p < 0.05). No correlation was found between epilepsy onset or severity and genotype. BDNF val/met polymorphism correlated with earlier onset of seizures (p < 0.05).Discussion:  Epilepsy appears earlier than described previously, frequently during the regression stage. Early age of onset predicts a more severe course of seizures. ESES is common among those with early onset epilepsy. BDNF polymorphism was the only genetic correlate with seizure onset, whereas MECP2 mutation type and location did not influence epilepsy.
Significance of lateralization of upper limb automatisms in temporal lobe epilepsy: A quantitative movement analysis
Authors: Mirzadjanova Zulfiya , Peters Astrid S. , Rémi Jan , Bilgin Candaş , Silva Cunha Joao P. , Noachtar Soheyl 
Published: May 2010

SummaryPurpose:  To evaluate the significance of lateralization of ictal upper limb automatisms in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).Methods:  Ictal upper limb automatisms of 28 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy were quantified. Duration of automatisms in relation to total seizure duration, movement speed, extent, length, and predominant frequencies of the movements were analyzed for both upper extremities separately and compared to the lateralization of the epileptogenic temporal lobe.Results:  Predominantly ipsilateral upper limb automatisms were more common (n = 19) than predominantly contralateral automatisms (n = 9). The duration of ictal ipsilateral upper limb automatisms was significantly longer than the duration of contralateral automatisms (ipsilateral automatisms: 29 of 86 s total seizure duration; contralateral automatisms: 19 of 110 s total seizure duration; p = 0.048). Patients with ipsilateral upper limb automatisms had more often exclusively unitemporal interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) (84.2%) than patients with contralateral automatisms (11.1%; p < 0.001). The positive predictive value (PPV) of the combination of these parameters is 84.2%. Excellent surgical seizure outcome was better in patients with ipsilateral upper limb automatisms (77.8%) compared to those with contralateral automatisms (20%) (p = 0.09). The quantitative analysis of movement extent, average speed, maximum speed, and repetition rate of ipsilateral and contralateral upper limb automatisms did not show any statistically significant difference in this patient sample.Conclusion:  The lateralization of upper limb automatisms in TLE has a good lateralizing value if the lateralization of IEDs were also taken into consideration.
Cricothyrotomy Technique Using Gum Elastic Bougie Is Faster Than Standard Technique: A Study of Emergency Medicine Residents and Medical Students in an Animal Lab
Authors: Hill Chandler , Reardon Robert , Joing Scott , Falvey Dan , Miner James 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectives:  The objective was to compare time to completion, failure rate, and subjective difficulty of a new cricothyrotomy technique to the standard technique. The new bougie‐assisted cricothyrotomy technique (BACT) is similar to the rapid four‐step technique (RFST), but a bougie and endotracheal tube are inserted rather than a Shiley tracheostomy tube.Methods:  This was a randomized controlled trail conducted on domestic sheep. During a 3‐month period inexperienced residents or students were randomized to perform cricothyrotomy on anesthetized sheep using either the standard technique or the BACT. Operators were trained with an educational video before the procedure. Time to successful cricothyrotomy was recorded. The resident or student was then asked to rate the difficulty of the procedure on a five‐point scale from 1 (very easy) to 5 (very difficult).Results:  Twenty‐one residents and students were included in the study: 11 in the standard group and 10 in the BACT group. Compared to the standard technique, the BACT was significantly faster with a median time of 67 seconds (interquartile range [IQR] = 55–82) versus 149 seconds (IQR = 111–201) for the standard technique (p = 0.002). The BACT was also rated easier to perform (median = 2, IQR = 1–3) than the standard technique (median = 3, IQR = 2–4; p = 0.04). The failure rate was 1/10 for the BACT compared to 3/11 for the standard method (p = NS).Conclusions:  This study demonstrates that the BACT is faster than the standard technique and has a similar failure rate when performed by inexperienced providers on anesthetized sheep.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:666–669 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
The recolonization hypothesis in a full‐mouth or multiple‐session treatment protocol: a blinded, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Zijnge Vincent , Meijer Henriette F. , Lie Mady‐Ann , Tromp Jan A. H. , Degener John E. , Harmsen Hermie J. M. , Abbas Frank 
Published: May 2010

Zijnge V, Meijer HF, Lie MA, Tromp JAH, Degener JE, Harmsen HJM, Abbas F: The recolonization hypothesis in a full‐mouth or multiple‐session treatment protocol: a blinded, randomized clinical trial. J Clin Peridontol 2010; 37: 518–525. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2010.01562.x.AbstractAim: To test recolonization of periodontal lesions after full‐mouth scaling and root planing (FM‐SRP) or multiple session‐SRP (MS‐SRP) in a randomized clinical trial and whether FM‐SRP and MS‐SRP result in different clinical outcomes.Materials and Methods: Thirty‐nine subjects were randomly assigned to FM‐SRP or MS‐SRP groups. At baseline and after 3 months, probing pocket depth (PPD), plaque index (PlI) and bleeding on probing (BoP) were recorded. At baseline, immediately after treatment, after 1, 2, 7, 14 and 90 days, paper point samples from a single site from the maxillary right quadrant were collected for microbiological analysis of five putative pathogens by polymerase chain reaction.Results: FM‐SRP and MS‐SRP resulted in significant reductions in PPD, BoP and PlI and the overall detection frequencies of the five species after 3 months without significant differences between treatments. Compared with MS‐SRP, FM‐SRP resulted in less recolonization of the five species, significantly for Treponema denticola, in the tested sites.Conclusion: FM‐SRP and MS‐SRP result in overall clinically and microbiologically comparable outcomes where recolonization of periodontal lesions may be better prevented by FM‐SRP.
Salivary MMP‐8, TIMP‐1, and ICTP as markers of advanced periodontitis
Authors: Gursoy Ulvi Kahraman , Könönen Eija , Pradhan‐Palikhe Pratikshya , Tervahartiala Taina , Pussinen Pirkko J. , Suominen‐Taipale Liisa , Sorsa Timo 
Published: May 2010

Gursoy UK, Könönen E, Pradhan‐Palikhe P, Tervahartiala T, Pussinen PJ, Suominen‐Taipale L, Sorsa T. Salivary MMP‐8, TIMP‐1, and ICTP as markers of advanced periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 487–493. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2010.01563.x.AbstractAim: Salivary matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐8 and ‐14, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)‐1, and pyridinoline cross‐linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) were analysed aiming to detect potential markers of advanced periodontitis in saliva. In addition, we compared two MMP‐8 detection methods, a time‐resolved immunofluorometric assay (IFMA) and an enzyme‐linked immunoassay (ELISA), to differentiate periodontitis subjects from controls.Material and Methods: Concentrations of MMP‐8, MMP‐14, TIMP‐1, and ICTP were analysed from salivary specimens of 165 subjects, including 84 subjects having at least 14 teeth with periodontal pocket (pocket depth 4 mm) and 81 subjects without pocket depth as their controls.Results: Salivary MMP‐8 detection by IFMA differentiated periodontitis subjects from controls more strongly than by ELISA. Salivary MMP‐8, TIMP‐1, and ICTP concentrations were higher in periodontitis subjects than those in controls. When only smokers were included in the analysis these differences were lost. The MMP‐8/TIMP‐1 ratio and the combination of MMP‐8 and ICTP differentiated periodontitis and control groups even in smoker subjects.Conclusion: Salivary MMP‐8, TIMP‐1, ICTP, and especially their ratios and combinations are potential candidates in the detection of advanced periodontitis. Differentiating periodontitis and control subjects with salivary MMP‐8 detection is dependent on the selected techniques.