bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Writing the Signs: An Explainable Machine Learning Approach for Alzheimer's Disease Classification from Handwriting
Authors: Ho Ngoc Truc Ngan , Gonzalez Paulina , Gogovi Gideon K. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAlzheimer's disease is a global health challenge, emphasizing the need for early detection to enable timely intervention and improve outcomes. This study analyzes handwriting data from individuals with and without Alzheimer's to identify predictive features across copying, graphic and memory‐based tasks. Machine learning models, including Random Forest, Bootstrap Aggregating (Bagging), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost) and Gradient Boosting, were applied to classify patients, with SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) enhancing model interpretability. Time‐related features were crucial in copying and graphic tasks, reflecting cognitive processing speed, while pressure‐related features were significant in memory tasks, indicating recall confidence. Simpler graphic tasks showed strong discriminatory power, aiding early detection. Performance metrics demonstrated model effectiveness: For memory tasks, Random Forest achieved the highest accuracy (), while Bagged SVC was the lowest (). Copying tasks recorded a peak accuracy of with Gradient Boost and a low of for Bagged SVC. Graphic tasks reached with Gradient Boost and 0.643 ± 0.071 with AdaBoost. For all tasks combined, Random Forest excelled (), while Gradient Boost performed worst (). These results highlight handwriting analysis's potential in Alzheimer's detection.
Beamforming optimization via quantum algorithms using Variational Quantum Eigensolver and Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Dhara Bidisha , Agrawal Monika , Dutta Roy Sumantra 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study investigates the application of quantum algorithms, specifically the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) and the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA), to design optimal sensor configurations for beamforming, enhancing signal quality and overall system performance. We propose two distinct optimization formulations: one aimed at maximising array gain while the other aimed at maximising signal‐to‐noise‐interference ratio (SINR). Our findings show that the outputs obtained from quantum algorithms are consistent with those derived from classical methods.
From dilemma to breakthrough: fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis of green development behavior pathways in construction materials enterprises
Authors: Li Xingwei , Yao Yuhong , Shen Qiong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The climate crisis and ecological degradation highlight the importance of achieving green development in the construction materials enterprises. However, the transformation process faces numerous obstacles, and research on the configurational effects of enterprise green development behavior remains insufficient. Using new institutional theory and strategic cognition theory as guides, this study takes 53 construction materials enterprises listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share markets in China from 2010 to 2021 as the research samples and applies fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to reveal the configuration paths of green development behaviors in construction materials enterprises. This study reveals that (1) individual antecedent conditions are not necessary to drive green development behavior in construction materials enterprises, and executive green cognition can play a more pervasive role; (2) four driving paths are formed: public opinion crisis type, public surveillance type, market incentive type, and institutional environmental copromotion type, with all four paths sharing the characteristic of “different paths to the same destination”; (3) there is an alternative relationship between social surveillance and market liberalization in driving the green development behavior of enterprises. The research conclusions provide new perspectives and ideas to the field of enterprise green development behavior and offer strategic options for construction materials enterprises to achieve green development under different conditions.
Lower expression of colony-stimulating factor 2, an embryokine, in the endometrial epithelium of old cows
Authors: Wanjiru Denis Karani , Niyonzima Yvan Bienvenu , Kadokawa Hiroya 
Published: February 2025

Context Infertility increases with age in various animals, including cows, owing to unknown mechanisms. The glandular and luminal epithelia of the bovine uterus synthesise and secrete colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2), which is a well-studied embryokine. We recently reported the possibility of fibrosis in the uteri of old cows. However, the relationship between CSF2 expression and fibrosis has not yet been clarified. Aims We tested the hypothesis that the endometrial epithelia of old cows have lower CSF2 expression compared to in heifers, and that myofibroblasts [alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)-positive fibroblasts] increase near the epithelium of old cows. Methods We collected caruncle and intercaruncle samples from post-pubertal, growing, nulliparous heifers (n = 6; 24.7 ± 1.3 months old) and old multiparous cows (n = 6; 128.5 ± 15.4 months old). We analysed mRNA and protein expression, along with fluorescent immunohistochemistry for CSF2, anti-collagen type IV, anti-Müllerian hormone type 2 receptor, and anti-αSMA. Key results Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis revealed lower CSF2 expression in the caruncle and intercaruncle of old cows than in young heifers. Fluorescence microscopy using the same antibodies and anti-collagen type IV, anti-Müllerian hormone type 2 receptor, and anti-αSMA antibodies showed increased fibroblasts and αSMA signals near the epithelium of old cows compared to young heifers. Conclusion CSF2 expression was lower in endometrial epithelia of old cows compared to those in heifers, and myofibroblasts increased near the epithelia of old cows. Implications Lower CSF2 may play an important role in age-related infertility.
Construction of hole-free 2D c-WSe2/3D CsSnI3 perovskite heterojunction cells optimized using SCAPS-1D
Authors: Wang Jian , Chen Bin , Shi Zhou , Zhang Yanhua , Sheng Kai , Gao Wenjing , Yoriya Sorachon , Zhang Meilin , He Ping , Li Chaoen , Wu Jiang , Chen Yiting 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have made remarkable progress in power conversion efficiency, reaching 26%, but interfacial defects and operational instability continue to hinder their practical application. Two-dimensional (2D) c-WSe2 has emerged as a promising solution to these challenges due to its bondless surface and ability to form van der Waals heterojunctions, which can improve interface quality and enhance device stability. Here, we investigate the effect of 2D c-WSe2 on tin-based PSCs by constructing 2D c-WSe2/3D CsSnI3 heterojunctions. A hole-free transport layer structure was used to reduce fabrication complexity and cost. We simulated and optimized cell performance using SCAPS-1D, comparing the effects of various electron transport layers (ETLs) and back electrodes. Our results show that selecting materials with energy level alignment to the absorption layer significantly enhances carrier transport efficiency and increases power conversion efficiency (PCE). Optimization of parameters such as the absorption layer thickness, c-WSe2 band gap, interface defect layer (IDL1 and IDL2) thickness, and operating temperature further improved performance. Specifically, adjusting the band gap and layer thickness improved light absorption and aligned the band structure, promoting efficient carrier transport across the interface. The final optimized device achieved an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.23 V, short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 34.46 mA cm−2, fill factor (FF) of 75.51%, and PCE of 32.12%. These results highlight the potential of 2D materials like c-WSe2 in advancing heterojunction PSCs and improving the efficiency and stability, suggesting promising prospects for their practical application.
Comparison between the effects of Hamiltonian and Liouvillian exceptional points on the Leggett-Garg inequality and no-signaling-in-time conditions
Authors: Zhou Kun-Jie , Zou Jian , 徐 宝明 , Shao Bin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper we investigate the effect of exceptional points (EPs) on the violation of Leggett–Garg inequality (LGI) and no-signaling-in-time (NSIT) conditions, and compare the different effects between the Hamiltonian EP (HEP) and Liouvillian EP (LEP) on those violations. We consider an open system consisting of two coupled qubits and each qubit is contacted with a thermal bath at different temperature. In the case of omitting of quantum jumps, we find that the system exhibits a second order HEP, which separates the parameter space into an overdamped regime and an underdamped regime. In this situation, the LGI and NSIT conditions can be violated in both regimes, and not violated at the HEP. In the case of without omitting of quantum jumps, we find that the system exhibits a third order LEP, which also separates the parameter space into an overdamped regime and an underdamped regime. In this situation, the LGI can only be violated in the underdamped regime with large coupling strength between the qubits. Conversely, the NSIT conditions can be violated in both regimes, as well as at the LEP, except in the overdamped regime with small coupling strength between the qubits. Comparing the violations of the LGI and NSIT conditions with HEP and LEP, we find that the quantum jumps would reduce the generation of coherence and enhance the decoherence and lead to narrower parameter regimes that the LGI and NSIT conditions can be violated. Furthermore, in both cases, the NSIT conditions can be violated in a wider parameter regime than the LGI.
Enhancing HBV Vaccine Uptake and Immunity through Long-acting Antiretroviral Therapy Programmatic Synergy in the U.S. South
Authors: Ochieng Eudiah , Robinson Vickie , Anderson Erica , Niles-Carnes Larisa , Smith Bradley L , Armstrong Wendy S , Lora Meredith , Colasanti Jonathan A , Collins Lauren F 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We leveraged a long-acting antiretroviral therapy (ART) program infrastructure in the U.S. South to vaccinate 32/39 (82%) of eligible persons with HIV against hepatitis B virus (HBV). Novel interprofessional programmatic synergy may facilitate HBV vaccine uptake in a population uniquely at risk in the era of two-drug and injectable ART.
Zero energy modes with gaussian, exponential, or polynomial decay: Exact solutions in hermitian and nonhermitian regimes
Authors: Marra Pasquale , Nigro Angela 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Topological zero modes in topological insulators or superconductors are exponentially localized at the phase transition between a topologically trivial and nontrivial phase. These modes are solutions of a Jackiw-Rebbi equation modified with an additional term which is quadratic in the momentum. Moreover, localized fermionic modes can also be induced by harmonic potentials in superfluids and superconductors or in atomic nuclei. Here, by using inverse methods, we consider in the same framework exponentially-localized zero modes, as well as gaussian modes induced by harmonic potentials (with superexponential decay) and polynomially decaying modes (with subexponential decay), and derive the explicit and analytical form of the modified Jackiw-Rebbi equation (and of the SchrÃ¶dinger equation) which admits these modes as solutions. We find that the asymptotic behavior of the mass term is crucial in determining the decay properties of the modes. Furthermore, these considerations naturally extend to the nonhermitian regime. These findings allow us to classify and understand topological and nontopological boundary modes in topological insulators and superconductors.
Performance, carcass, and pork traits in barrows and gilts slaughtered over 130 kg: insights from a Brazilian perspective
Authors: Alves Laya Kannan Silva , Carnino Bruno Braga , Muro Bruno Bracco Donatelli , Pairis-Garcia Monique Danielle , Dipold Carolina Carvalho , dos Santos Fernanda Mariane , Lo Buono José Enrico Monteiro , Garbossa Pollyana Leite Matioli , Silva Júnior Fabiano Vaquero , Garbossa Cesar Augusto Pospissil 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Brazil is a major pork producer, with increasing market demands driving heavier slaughter weights. Sexual condition is a well stablished factor influencing pig performance, carcass composition, and pork quality, with previous studies focusing primarily on lighter pigs. This study compared the performance, carcass characteristics, and pork traits of heavy-slaughtered barrows and gilts. A total of 144 pigs (72 barrows; 72 gilts), with an average weight of 55.68 ±6.48 kg, were utilized in a randomized complete block design. They were allocated into 48 pens based on sex and body weight. Each pen (three pigs of the same sex) was considered the experimental unit for performance evaluation across the growing, finishing 1, and finishing 2 phases, with ad libitum access to water and feed. After a 63-day trial, one pig per pen (n = 48; 24 barrows, 24 gilts) was slaughtered for carcass and pork trait analysis. Data analysis was conducted using SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC), and the effects of sexual condition were analyzed by ANOVA. Data were presented as least squares means, with differences deemed statistically significant at P&lt;0.05. Throughout the study, barrows exhibited higher average daily gain (1.306 kg vs. 1.206 kg, +8.25%, P = 0.0004) and feed intake (3.378 kg vs. 2.957 kg, +14.24%, P &lt; 0.0001), while gilts showed superior feed efficiency (0.409 vs. 0.387, +5.74%, P = 0.009). Although hot and chilled carcass weights did not differ (P&gt;0.05), gilts had greater hot carcass yield (+2.83%) and chilled carcass yield (+3.08%) than barrows (P&lt;0.0001). Gilts also exhibited lower initial pH (-3.28%, P=0.006) and initial temperature (-4.46%, P=0.01), with no differences in final temperature. No differences were found in L* and a* color indices, but gilts had lower b* (-3.98%, P=0.004) and Chroma (-4.06%, P=0.008) values compared to barrows. These results suggest that increasing slaughter weight above 130 kg leads to minimal practical differences between barrows and gilts in performance, carcass traits, and pork quality, reinforcing the suitability of both sexes for heavier slaughter weights in Brazilian production systems.
Light-resistant target detection improvement algorithm for overexposed environments
Authors: Zheng Chen , Li Zhiwei , Liu Hui , Huang Sha , Zhao Yanjia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In strong light environments, images often appear overexposed, which seriously impacts the accuracy of target detection. Most existing researches, however, require additional modules to assist in detection, which affects the timeliness of the detection process. To address the issues of reduced target detection accuracy and timeliness in overexposed environments, this paper proposes a real-time anti-light target detection improvement algorithm based on you only look once (YOLO) v8n, focusing on enhancing the model's ability to extract features from overexposed images without the need for additional modules. Firstly, online overexposure enhancement technology is integrated into model training to simulate overexposed images produced in overexposed environments, enhancing the model's robustness in detecting overexposed environments. Deformable convolution networks v2 (DCNv2) is used to improve the cross stage partial bottleneck with 2 convolutions (C2F) layer, addressing the issue of traditional convolution's poor feature extraction performance for overexposed images, thereby aiding the model in capturing targets with weakened or missing features and enhancing the model's ability to construct the geometric shape of targets. Secondly, large separable kernel attention (LSKA) is introduced to enhance the spatial pyramid pooling fast (SPPF) layer, strengthening the model's overall connectivity for targets with missing features. Finally, distance intersection over union (DIoU) is utilized to optimize the detection accuracy of overlapping targets in overexposed environments. The experimental results show that, compared to the original model, the mAP50 and mAP50-95 of the model designed in this paper are improved by 23.2% and 15.7%, respectively, and the model size only increases by 0.3M. While improving detection accuracy, the lightweight requirements for actual deployment are also met.
Associations Between Social Economic Determinants and Long-Term Outcomes of Critically Ill Patients
Authors: van Sleeuwen Dries , van de Laar Floris A. , Simons Koen S. , van Bommel Daniëlle , Burgers-Bonthuis Dominique , Koeter Julia , Bisschops Laurens L.A. , Janssen Inge , Rettig Thijs C.D. , van der Hoeven Johannes G. , van den Boogaard Mark , Zegers Marieke 
Published: February 2025

Objective:
Differences in socioeconomic status (SES) may influence long-term physical, psychological, and cognitive health outcomes of ICU survivors. However, the relationship between SES and these three long-term health outcomes is rarely studied. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between SES and the occurrence of long-term outcomes 1-year post-ICU.

Design:
Prospective cohort study.

Setting:
Seven Dutch ICUs.

Patients:
Patients 16 years old or older and admitted for greater than or equal to 12 hours to the ICU between July 2016 and March 2020 completed questionnaires, or relatives if patients could not complete them themselves, at ICU admission and 1 year after ICU admission.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Validated scales were used for the outcomes: physical problems (fatigue or ≥ 3 new physical symptoms), psychological problems (anxiety, depression, or post-traumatic stress), cognitive impairment, and a composite score. Occurrence of outcomes were calculated for: origin, education level, employment status, income, and household structure. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated with covariates age, gender, admission type, severity-of-illness, and pre-ICU health status. Of the 6555 patients included, 3246 (49.5%) completed the questionnaires at admission and after 1 year. Low education level increased the risk of having health problems in the composite score 1-year post-ICU (aOR 1.84; 95% CI, 1.39–2.44; p < 0.001). Pre-ICU unemployment increased the risk of having physical problems (aOR 1.98; 95% CI, 1.31–3.01; p = 0.001). Migrants and low income was associated with more psychological problems (aOR 2.03; 95% CI, 1.25–3.24; p < 0.01; aOR 1.54; 95% CI, 1.10–2.16; p = 0.01, respectively), and unpaid work with less psychological (aOR 0.26; 95% CI, 0.08–0.73; p = 0.02) and cognitive (aOR 0.11; 95% CI, 0.01–0.59; p = 0.04) problems.

Conclusions:
Indicators of lower SES, including low education level, low income, unemployment and migrants were associated with an increased risk of post-ICU health problems. Gaining insight into the complex relationship between SES and long-term health problems is necessary to decrease disparities in healthcare.
Relationship between Central Corneal Thickness and Inter-eye Disease Severity in Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma
Authors: Prasad Shimna C. , Umapathi Ruthra M. , Hlaing Tin Nwe , Atalay Eray , Girard Michael J. , Aung Tin , Nongpiur Monisha E. 
Published: February 2025

Precis:
Inter-ocular comparison of primary angle closure glaucoma subjects with asymmetrical and symmetrical visual field loss, revealed significantly thinner central corneal thickness and higher presenting intraocular pressure in the worse eye of the asymmetrical group.

Purpose:
To compare the inter-ocular clinical and biometric parameters of primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) with asymmetrical and symmetrical visual-field loss at presentation.

Patient and Methods:
Retrospective study in which the following clinical data were extracted: presenting intraocular pressure (IOP), gonioscopy, visual-field mean deviation (MD), central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and axial length (AL). Asymmetrical PACG was defined as the inter-eye visual-field MD difference >6 dB, symmetrical PACG <3 dB, and those with inter-eye difference between 3-6 dB were excluded. Linear mixed effects model was used to adjust for the interdependence of the right and left eyes.

Results:
Of 243 PACG subjects, 122 (50.3%) presented with asymmetrical, and 69 (28.4%) with symmetrical disease. The worse eyes in subjects with asymmetrical PACG had significantly higher presenting IOP (P<0.001), narrower angles (P<0.001), more myopic refraction (P<0.001) and thinner CCT (529.2±36.1 μm vs. 535.8±38.5 μm; P<0.001) compared to the fellow eyes; but no inter-eye differences were observed for AL (P=0.93) and ACD (P=0.53). In symmetric PACG, no significant inter-eye differences were observed for CCT (532.3±33.1 vs. 533.1±34.6 μm, P=0.67), AL (P=0.85) and ACD (P=0.18), but the relatively worse eye had higher presenting IOP (P=0.003). In the stepwise multiple linear regression analysis in the asymmetrical group, CCT was the only significant variable (P=0.006), explaining 12% of the variability of the visual-field MD of the worse eye.

Conclusions:
In asymmetrical PACG, worse eyes have thinner CCT and higher presenting IOP. Difference in CCT could either be inherent or acquired, and more tests would be needed to tease that out.
Primary effusion lymphoma in people with and without HIV infection in the United States
Authors: Volesky-Avellaneda Karena D. , Luo Qianlai , Amaswami Ramya R. , Lurain Kathryn , Song Joo Y. , Horner Marie-Josèphe , Cohen Colby , Shiels Meredith S. , Engels Eric A. 
Published: February 2025

Objective:
Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) subtype caused by Kaposi sarcoma (KS) herpesvirus. We describe PEL incidence and survival in people with HIV (PWH) and people without HIV in the US.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study of PEL people with and without HIV.

Methods:
PEL cases were identified in the HIV/AIDS Cancer Match (HACM) Study, a linkage of population-based cancer and HIV registries in 14 US regions. PEL incidence was examined using negative binomial regression and compared with the general population using a standardized incidence ratio. Survival was evaluated using Cox proportional hazard regression.

Results:
During 2001–2019, 53% of 174 PEL cases identified in HACM data were among PWH. PWH had >700-fold higher PEL incidence than the general population. Compared to PEL cases without HIV, PWH were younger (median age: 44.8 vs. 77.7 years). Among PWH, prior KS was associated with 59-fold higher PEL incidence versus those without an AIDS diagnosis. PEL comprised 1.15% of the 8010 NHLs diagnosed among PWH in HACM during 2001–2019. HIV was not associated with mortality among PEL cases. Among PWH, Burkitt lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma exhibited similar mortality to PEL but central nervous system lymphoma mortality was worse.

Conclusions:
There are two distinct subgroups of PEL cases in the US: younger patients with HIV and older patients without HIV. The proportion of PEL cases among PWH is highly disproportionate to the size of the HIV population, reflecting the greatly elevated incidence of PEL among PWH.