bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Low‐Dosage Flame‐Retardant Inorganic Polymer Binder for High‐Energy‐Density and High‐Safety Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Chen Zhuzuan , Chen Tingjie , Wang Junwen , Li Pengxian , Liu Ju , Chen Wenyan , Yang Zhuohong , Deng Yonghong , Chang Jian , Yang Yu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe developing electric vehicles and portable electronics urgently require rechargeable lithium batteries with high energy density and high safety. Lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries have shown significant advantages in their high energy density. However, the use of traditional polymer binders faces significant challenges, such as soluble polysulfides, large volume changes, and electrode flammability, resulting in performance degradation and safety hazards. Here, a polymeric aluminophosphate (AP) is for the first time proposed as an inorganic polymer binder to simultaneously realize high energy density, long cycling stability, and reliable safety of Li‐S batteries. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of polar P‐O and Al‐O chain segments, the AP binder provides strong mechanical adhesion, anchors polysulfides, and promotes the redox kinetics of sulfur electrodes. The AP binder also ensures high flame retardancy for sulfur electrodes at an extremely low dosage of 2 wt%. Consequently, the retardant sulfur electrode can be operated stably with high specific capacities (1190 mAh g−1), high capacity retention rates (>99.1%) during 500 cycles, and excellent rate capability (3 C). Based on the entire cell, the soft‐packaged Li‐S full battery provides high capacities (3.6 mAh cm−2), high cell energy density (415 Wh kg−1 and 297 Wh L−1), and high capacity retention rates (>99.8%).
Nanoconfined Strategy Optimizing Hard Carbon for Robust Sodium Storage
Authors: Song Zhenqi , Di Miaoxin , Zhang Xinyue , Wang Ziyang , Chen Suhua , Zhang Qianyu , Bai Ying 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDeveloping non‐graphitic carbons with unique microstructure is a popular strategy to enhance the significant potential in practical applications of sodium‐ion batteries (SIB), while the electrochemical performance imbalances arising from their intricate active surface and porous structure pose significant challenges to its commercialization. Inspired by the structure of biological cell membranes, N/P co‐doped hard carbon nanospheres (NPCS) anodes with abundant ultramicropores (≈0.6 nm) are proposed and synthesized as robust sodium anodes. Based on density functional theory calculations, optimizing ultramicropores can enable small Na+ to be well confined within the pores and hinder large solvent molecules from invading and reacting, introducing N/P species contributes to the rapid adsorption/diffusion of Na+. In situ XRD and Raman analysis suggest that the nanoconfinement strategy induced by abundant ultramicropores and N/P co‐doping enables highly reversible electrochemical reactions. Electrochemical test confirms that the nanoconfinement strategy endows the NPCS anode with high reversible capacity (376.3 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1), superior initial coulombic efficiency (87.3% at 1.0 A g−1), remarkable rate capability (155.6 mAh g−1 at 50.0 A g−1) and excellent cycling stability (with capacity retention of ≈94.6% after 10 000 cycles), lightening a promising avenue for developing SIB with robust durability.
Soil biological and physical measurements did not improve the predictability of corn response to phosphorus fertilization
Authors: Groebner Ben , Clark Jason D. , Svedin Jeffrey D. , Ransom Curtis J. , Clay David E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIncluding soil health and physical measurements with traditional soil fertility measurements has the potential to improve corn (Zea mays L.) P fertilizer recommendations. The objectives for this study were to (1) evaluate the accuracy of current South Dakota corn P recommendations in predicting yield increases and (2) determine if the predictability of yield response to P fertilization improves by including selected soil biological, physical, and chemical measurements. This project was conducted in central and eastern South Dakota from 2019 to 2022 at 117 experimental sites that varied in management, landform, and soil type. A treatment of 48.9 kg P2O5‐P ha−1 was compared to a control with no P fertilizer. Soil samples (0–15 cm) collected before fertilization were analyzed for selected soil physical, chemical, and biological parameters. Analysis suggested that the current critical P value of 16 mg Olsen‐P kg−1 was still accurate as it was still within the 68% confidence interval for the linear (12–19 mg kg−1) and quadratic plateau (16–26 mg kg−1) models. Using the critical value of 16 mg Olsen‐P kg−1, we correctly predicted P responsiveness 70% of the time. The accuracy of predicting P responsiveness was not further improved by considering selected enzymes, permanganate oxidizable C, soil respiration, total C, or total N, but was improved by considering pH, soil organic matter, and apparent cation exchange capacity. Therefore, the use of typical soil fertility measurements without soil physical and biological measurements is currently the best option for predicting the responsiveness of corn to P fertilization in South Dakota.
Temperature‐Activated Near‐Infrared‐II Fluorescence and SERS Dynamic‐Reversible Probes for Long‐Term Assessment of Osteoarthritis In Vivo
Authors: Li Qingqing , Xiao Shenggan , Ge Xiaoguang , Zheng Liting , Wu Ying , Du Wei , Chen Lanlan , Yang Huanghao , Song Jibin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe abnormal fluctuation of temperature in vivo usually reflects the progression of inflammatory diseases. Noninvasive, real‐time, and accurate monitoring and imaging of temperature variation in vivo is advantageous for guiding the early diagnosis and treatment of disease, but it remains difficult to achieve. Herein, we developed a temperature‐activated near‐infrared‐II fluorescence (NIR‐II FL) and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoprobe for long‐term monitoring of temperature changes in rat arthritis and timely assessment of the status of osteoarthritis. The thermosensitive polymer bearing NIR‐II FL dye was grafted onto the surface of nanoporous core‐satellite gold nanostructures to form the nanoprobe, wherein the nanoprobe contains NIR‐II FL and Raman reference signals that are independent of temperature change. The ratiometric FL1150/FL1550 and S1528/S2226 values of the nanoprobe exhibited a reversible conversion with temperature changes. The nanoprobe accurately distinguishes the temperature variations in the inflamed joint versus the normal joint in vivo by ratiometric FL and SERS imaging, allowing for an accurate diagnosis of inflammation. Meanwhile, it can continuously monitor fluctuations in temperature over an extended period during the onset and treatment of inflammation. The tested temperature change trend could be used as an indicator for early diagnosis of inflammation and real‐time evaluation of therapeutic effects.
Plastic deformation of the microfibrils in wet polyacrylonitrile fibers induced by the stretching field
Authors: Gao Quan , Wang Xu , Wang Zhihan , Zhou Yongfa , Ren Jiang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe plastic deformation of the microfibrils governs the formation and development of orientation, crystallization, and structural defects in polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers due to the flow‐fiber coupling effect during stretching process. In this study, we investigated the morphological changes of microfibrils in PAN fibers during wet‐fiber stretching using ultrathin section technology and electron microscopy observation. Their plastic deformation mechanism was also revealed. An interconnected network was formed and separated by the pore/voids during coagulation process. Stretching forces facilitated the plastic deformation of microfibrils, resulted in their elongation and orientation. Moreover, the inter‐fibril distance reduced and pore/void shape and dimensions were changed. The distinct response of microfibril elements under stretching force resulted in skin‐core structures within the fiber. Tensile strength increased from 27 to 382 MPa, while elongation at break decreased from 225% to 28%. Aligned microfibrils exhibited high tensile strength, whereas unoriented microfibrillar networks showed relatively high elongation properties. Additionally, we proposed a relationship between microfibril morphology changes and fiber mechanical properties.
Review on the pharmacological effects and pharmacokinetics of scutellarein
Authors: Lai Jiang , Li Chunxiao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractScutellarein is a flavonoid from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi that has been shown to have a variety of pharmacological activities. This review aims to summarize the pharmacological and pharmacokinetic studies on scutellarein and provide useful information for relevant scholars. Pharmacological studies indicate that scutellarein possesses a diverse range of pharmacological properties, including but not limited to anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, neuroprotective, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anticancer, and cardiovascular protective effects. Further investigation reveals that the pharmacological effects of scutellarein are driven by multiple mechanisms. These mechanisms encompass the scavenging of free radicals, inhibition of the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways and expression of inflammatory mediators, inhibition of the activity of crucial viral proteins, suppression of gluconeogenesis, amelioration of insulin resistance, improvement of cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury, induction of apoptosis in cancer cells, and prevention of myocardial hypertrophy, among others. In summary, these pharmacological studies suggest that scutellarein holds promise for the treatment of various diseases. It is imperative to conduct clinical studies to further elucidate the therapeutic effects of scutellarein. However, it is worth noting that studies on the pharmacokinetics reveal an inhibitory effect of scutellarein on uridine 5′‐diphosphate glucuronide transferases and cytochrome P450 enzymes, potentially posing safety risks.
Influence of extraction solvents on the chemical constituents and biological activities of Astragalus aduncus from Turkey flora: In vitro and in silico insights
Authors: Lazarova Irina , Nilofar  , Caprioli Giovanni , Piatti Diletta , Ricciutelli Massimo , Ulusan Musa Denizhan , Koyuncu Ismail , Yuksekdag Ozgur , Mollica Adriano , Stefanucci Azzurra , Zengin Gokhan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe n‐hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, ethanol/water (70% ethanol), and water extracts of Astragalus aduncus aerial parts were investigated for their antioxidant potential, enzyme inhibition activity (anti‐acetylcholinesterase [AChE], anti‐butyrylcholinesterase [BChE], antityrosinase, antiamylase, and antiglucosidase) and antiproliferative effect (against colon adenocarcinoma cell line [HT‐29], gastric cancer cell line [HGC‐27], prostate carcinoma cell line [DU‐145], breast adenocarcinoma cell line [MDA‐MB‐231], and cervix adenocarcinoma cell line [HeLa]). In addition, the phytochemical profile of the extracts was evaluated using validated spectrophotometric and high‐pressure liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization/tandem mass spectroscopy methods. Generally, the 70% ethanol extract demonstrated the strongest antioxidant properties, and it was the richest source of total phenolic constituents. Our findings indicated that the ethyl acetate extract was the most potent BChE inhibitor (11.44 mg galantamine equivalents [GALAE]/g) followed by the ethanol extract (8.51 mg GALAE/g), while the ethanol extract was the most promising AChE inhibitor (3.42 mg GALAE/g) followed by the ethanol/water extract (3.17 mg GALAE/g). Excellent tyrosinase inhibitory activity (66.25 mg kojic acid equivalent/g) was observed in ethanol/water extracts of the aerial part of A. aduncus. Тhese results showed that the most cytotoxic effects were exhibited by the ethyl acetate extract against HGC‐27 cells (IC50: 36.76 µg/mL), the ethanol extract against HT‐29 cells (IC50: 30.79 µg/mL), and the water extract against DU‐145 cells (IC50: 37.01 µg/mL). A strong correlation was observed between the highest total flavonoid content and the highest content of individual compounds in the ethanol extract, including rutin, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, delphinidin‐3,5‐diglucoside (delphinidin‐3,5‐O‐diglucoside), and kaempferol‐3‐glucoside (kaempferol‐3‐O‐glucoside). In the present study, the A. aduncus plant was considered a new source of antioxidants, enzyme inhibitors, and anticancer agents and could be used as a future health‐benefit natural product.
Advancing Catalysts by Nanoconfinement and Catalysis for Enhanced Hydrogen Production from Magnesium Borohydride: A Review
Authors: Wahab Md A. , Urooj Ifra , Sohail Manzar , Karim Mohammad Rezaul , Alnaser Ibrahim A. , Abdala Ahmed , Haque Rezwanul 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHydrogen storage in solid‐state materials represents a promising avenue for advancing hydrogen storage technologies, driven by their potential for high efficiency, reduced risk, and cost‐effectiveness. Among the employed materials, magnesium borohydride (Mg(BH4)2) stands out for its exceptional characteristics, with a gravimetric capacity of 14.9 wt% and a volumetric hydrogen density capacity of 146 kg/m3. However, the practical application of Mg(BH4)2 is impeded by challenges such as high desorption temperatures (≥ 270 °C), sluggish kinetics, poor reversibility, and the formation of unexpected byproducts like diborane. To address these limitations, extensive research efforts have been directed towards enhancing the hydrogen storage properties of Mg(BH4)2. Various strategies have been explored, including incorporating catalysts or additives, nanoconfinement of Mg(BH4)2 within porous supports, and modifications involving metal alloys and compositional adjustments. These approaches are actively under investigation for improving the performance of Mg(BH4)2‐based hydrogen storage systems. This review provides a comprehensive survey of recent advancements in Mg(BH4)2 research, focusing on experimental findings related to nanoconfined Mg(BH4)2 and modified thermodynamic processes aimed at enabling hydrogen release at lower temperatures by mitigating sluggish kinetics. Precisely, nanostructuring techniques, catalyst‐mediated nanoconfinement methodologies, and alloy/compositional modifications will be elucidated, highlighting their potential to enhance hydrogen storage properties and overcome existing limitations. Furthermore, this review also discusses the challenges encountered in utilizing Mg(BH4)2 for hydrogen storage applications and offers insights into the prospects of this material. By synthesizing the latest research findings and identifying areas for further exploration, this review aims to contribute to the ongoing efforts toward realizing the full potential of Mg(BH4)2 as a viable solution for hydrogen storage in diverse applications.
Analyses of the bioluminescence mechanism in the land snail, Quantula weinkauffiana
Authors: Yano Daichi , Pholyotha Arthit , Sutcharit Chirasak , Tongkerd Piyoros , Oba Yuichi , Panha Somsak 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe mechanism of bioluminescence in the luminous land snails remains largely unknown. Here, we analyzed basic biochemical properties of the luminous land snail, Quantula weinkauffiana. The luminescence activity was extracted from the light organ located near the mouth using a neutral buffer containing detergent. The reaction of the crude buffer extract was triggered by the addition of only hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). These results are inconsistent with the single precedent report on the bioluminescence in the Quantula striata by Shimomura and Haneda in 1986, in which the luminescence of the buffer extract (without detergent) from the light organ was induced by the coaddition of three indispensable components H2O2, ferrous ion, and 2‐mercaptoethanol. Based on the present findings, we suggested that an insoluble photoprotein is involved in the bioluminescence of the luminous land snails and the luminescence reaction is simply triggered by H2O2.
Green, yellow, or cyan? Introduction of color change mutations into a green thermostable fluorescent protein and characterization during an introduction to biochemistry lab course
Authors: Anderson Matthew R. , Dargatz Cammi J. , Banerjee Tuhina , DeVore Natasha M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGreen fluorescent protein has long been a favorite protein for demonstrating protein purification in the biochemistry lab course. The protein's vivid green color helps demonstrate to students the concept(s) behind affinity or ion exchange chromatography. We designed a series of introduction to biochemistry labs utilizing a thermostable green protein (TGP‐E) engineered to have unusually high thermostability. This protein allows students to proceed through purification and characterization without the need to keep protein samples on ice. The 5‐week lab series begins with an introduction to molecular biology techniques during weeks 1 and 2, where site‐directed mutagenesis is used introduce, a single nucleotide change that shifts the fluorescent spectra of TGP‐E to either cyan (CTP‐E) or yellow (YTP‐E). Students identify successful mutagenesis reaction by the color of a small expression sample after induction with IPTG. Next, students purify either the TGP‐E (control—typically one group volunteers), YTP‐E, or CTP‐E protein as a 1‐week lab. During the following week's lab, students run SDS‐PAGE to verify protein purity, bicinchoninic acid assay to quantify protein yield, and absorbance and fluorescence spectra to characterize their protein's fluorescent character. The final lab in the series investigates the thermostability of YTP‐E and CTP‐E compared with TGP‐E using a fluorescence plate reader. This 5‐week series of experiments provide students with experience in several key biochemistry techniques and allows the students to compare properties of mutations. At the end of the course, the students will write a research report and give a short presentation over their results.
Diffusion‐induced phase separation 3D printed scaffolds for dynamic tissue repair
Authors: Chai Muyuan , Zhong Wenwen , Yan Shengtao , Ye Tan , Zheng Rui , Yang Zhilu , Shi Xuetao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMany hydrogen‐bonded cross‐linked hydrogels possess unique properties, but their limited processability hinders their potential applications. By incorporating a hydrogen bond dissociator (HBD) into these hydrogels, we developed injectable 3D printing inks termed diffusion‐induced phase separation (DIPS) 3D printing inks. Upon extrusion into water and subsequent diffusion of HBD, these ink cure rapidly. The DIPS‐printed scaffold retained most of the original hydrogel properties due to the regeneration of hydrogen bonds. Additionally, the reversible nature of hydrogen bonds provides DIPS 3D‐printed scaffolds with exceptional recycling and reprinting capabilities, resulting in a reduction in the waste of valuable raw ink materials or additives. Postprocessing introduces new crosslinking methods that modulate the mechanical properties and degradation characteristics of DIPS scaffolds over a broad range. Based on its suitable mechanical properties and bioactivity, we successfully repaired and functionally reconstructed a complex defect in penile erectile tissue using the DIPS scaffold in a rabbit model. In summary, this approach is relevant for various hydrogen‐bonded cross‐linked hydrogels that offer mild printing conditions and enable the incorporation of bioactive agents. They can be used as scaffolds for dynamic tissue reconstruction, wearable devices, or soft robots.
Topological differences of striato‐thalamo‐cortical circuit in functional brain network between premature ejaculation patients with and without depression
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Niu Peining , Su Mengqing , Zhou Li , Huang Yunke , Chen Jianhuai , Liu Shaowei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionPremature ejaculation (PE), a common male sexual dysfunction, often accompanies by abnormal psychological factors, such as depression. Recent neuroimaging studies have revealed structural and functional brain abnormalities in PE patients. However, there is limited neurological evidence supporting the comorbidity of PE and depression. This study aimed to explore the topological changes of the functional brain networks of PE patients with depression.MethodsResting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) data were acquired from 60 PE patients (30 with depression and 30 without depression) and 29 healthy controls (HCs). Functional brain networks were constructed for all participants based on rs‐fMRI data. The nodal parameters including nodal centrality and efficiency were calculated by the method of graph theory analysis and then compared between groups. In addition, the results were corrected for multiple comparisons by family‐wise error (FWE) (p < .05).ResultsPE patients with depression had increased degree centrality and global efficiency in the right pallidum, as well as increased degree centrality in the right thalamus when compared with HCs. PE patients without depression showed increased degree centrality in the right pallidum and thalamus, as well as increased global efficiency in the right precuneus, pallidum, and thalamus when compared with HCs. PE patients with depression demonstrated decreased degree centrality in the right pallidum and thalamus, as well as decreased global efficiency in the right precuneus, pallidum, and thalamus when compared to those without depression. All the brain regions above survived the FWE correction.ConclusionThe results suggested that increased and decreased functional connectivity, as well as the capability of global integration of information in the brain, might be related to the occurrence of PE and the comorbidity depression in PE patients, respectively. These findings provided new insights into the understanding of the pathological mechanisms underlying PE and those with depression.
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells alleviate fatty liver ischemia‐reperfusion injury by activating autophagy through upregulation of IFNγ
Authors: Xu Chenhao , Fang Xixi , Lu Bei , Song Yisu , Shu Wenzhi , Lu Zhengyang , Su Renyi , Xiang Ze , Xu Xiao , Wei Xuyong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLiver ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) is an important factor affecting the prognosis of liver transplantation, and extended criteria donors (e.g., steatosis donor livers) are considered to be more sensitive to ischemia‐reperfusion injury in liver transplantation. Currently, the application of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) has great promise in the treatment of various injuries in the liver. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic role and mechanism of hMSCs in fatty liver IRI. After more than 8 weeks of high‐fat chow feeding, we constructed a fatty liver mouse model and established ischemic injury of about 70% of the liver. Six hours after IRI, liver injury was significantly alleviated in hMSCs‐treated mice, and the expression levels of liver enzyme, inflammatory factor TNF‐α, and apoptotic proteins were significantly lower than those of the control group, which were also significant in pathological sections. Transcriptomics analysis showed that IFNγ was significantly upregulated in the hMSCs group. Mechanistically, IFNγ, which activates the MAPK pathway, is a potent agonist that promotes the occurrence of autophagy in hepatocytes to exert a protective function, which was confirmed by in vitro experiments. In summary, hMSCs treatment could slow down IRI in fatty liver by activating autophagy through upregulation of IFNγ, and this effect was partly direct.