bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A model to correct for short‐run inefficiencies in economic evaluations in healthcare
Authors: Van de Wetering Gijs , Woertman Willem H. , Adang Eddy M. M. 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYImportant assumptions that underlie cost‐effectiveness analysis (CEA) are that production technologies are convex and that production processes always perform at constant returns to scale. However, in the short run these assumptions are likely to be violated. Therefore, CEAs might overestimate cost‐effectiveness in the short run. To come up with a more precise cost‐effectiveness outcome, we present a model that is able to correct the long‐run incremental net benefit (INB) for short‐run inefficiencies. This provides decision makers with a more realistic view of the expected efficiency gains. This model starts by determining the initial efficiency losses inflicted by inflexible resources. Then the model is made dynamic in order to adjust the efficiency losses by allowing for refilling and writing off freed capacity. Finally, the model calculates the length of the short‐run time frame in which such efficiency losses exist, and a correction term with which the usual long‐run INB should be adjusted to account for short‐run inefficiencies. The model is applied to two cases: dialysis and digitizing a radiography department. The dialysis case shows moderate short‐run efficiency losses while in the radiography case short‐run efficiency losses are sufficiently large to cause a switch in cost‐effectiveness from favorable to inefficient in the short run. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does retirement trigger ill health?
Authors: Behncke Stefanie 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYThis paper investigates the effects of retirement on various health outcomes. Data stem from the first three waves of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). With these informative data, non‐parametric matching and instrumental variable (IV) methods are applied to identify causal effects. It is found that retirement significantly increases the risk of being diagnosed with a chronic condition. In particular, it raises the risk of a severe cardiovascular disease and cancer. This is also reflected in increased risk factors (e.g. BMI, cholesterol, blood pressure) and increased problems in physical activities. Furthermore, retirement worsens self‐assessed health and an underlying health stock. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bisphosphonates, specific inhibitors of osteoclast function and a class of drugs for osteoporosis therapy
Authors: Li Baojie , Ling Chau Jenny Fung , Wang Xueying , Leong Wai Fook 
Published: February 2011

AbstractOsteoporosis is a result of the disruption of bone homeostasis that is carried out by bone‐forming osteoblasts and bone‐degrading osteoclasts. The most common treatment of osteoporosis is N‐containing bisphosphonates, a class of non‐hydrolyzable pyrophosphate analogs. They have strong affinity to Ca2+ of hydroxyapatite with high specificity and can only be liberated from the bone in an acidic environment. These properties bestow them unique pharmacokinetic features including specific and strong retention at bone resorption surface, uptaken specifically by osteoclasts, quick excretion of non‐retained free bisphosphonates, long half‐life, and recyclability. Such properties underlie the drugs' high efficacy, minor side effects, and intermittent dosing regimens. Further studies show that bisphosphonates inhibit farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase, a critical enzyme required for synthesis of isoprenyl and geranylgeranyl, and inhibit prenylation and geranylgeranylation of small G‐proteins such as Rac and Rho. This leads to defective actin ring formation at the sealed zone, a subcellular structure essential for bone resorption, and a decrease in bone resorption. Bisphosphonates are also used to treat Paget's disease of bone, osteolytic bone metastases, and hypercalcemia. Moreover, these properties also make N‐BPs a good candidate as a bone‐seeking agent. Here we update our understanding of this remarkable class of anti‐resorption drugs. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 1229–1242, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A comparison of the behavior of functional/basis set combinations for hydrogen‐bonding in the water dimer with emphasis on basis set superposition error
Authors: Plumley Joshua A. , Dannenberg J. J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe evaluate the performance of ten functionals (B3LYP, M05, M05‐2X, M06, M06‐2X, B2PLYP, B2PLYPD, X3LYP, B97D, and MPWB1K) in combination with 16 basis sets ranging in complexity from 6‐31G(d) to aug‐cc‐pV5Z for the calculation of the H‐bonded water dimer with the goal of defining which combinations of functionals and basis sets provide a combination of economy and accuracy for H‐bonded systems. We have compared the results to the best non‐density functional theory (non‐DFT) molecular orbital (MO) calculations and to experimental results. Several of the smaller basis sets lead to qualitatively incorrect geometries when optimized on a normal potential energy surface (PES). This problem disappears when the optimization is performed on a counterpoise (CP) corrected PES. The calculated interaction energies (ΔEs) with the largest basis sets vary from −4.42 (B97D) to −5.19 (B2PLYPD) kcal/mol for the different functionals. Small basis sets generally predict stronger interactions than the large ones. We found that, because of error compensation, the smaller basis sets gave the best results (in comparison to experimental and high‐level non‐DFT MO calculations) when combined with a functional that predicts a weak interaction with the largest basis set. As many applications are complex systems and require economical calculations, we suggest the following functional/basis set combinations in order of increasing complexity and cost: (1) D95(d,p) with B3LYP, B97D, M06, or MPWB1k; (2) 6‐311G(d,p) with B3LYP; (3) D95++(d,p) with B3LYP, B97D, or MPWB1K; (4) 6‐311++G(d,p) with B3LYP or B97D; and (5) aug‐cc‐pVDZ with M05‐2X, M06‐2X, or X3LYP. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Franck–Condon simulation of the photoelectron spectrum of AsCl2 and the photodetachment spectrum of AsCl employing UCCSD(T)‐F12a potential energy functions: IE and EA of AsCl2
Authors: Mok Daniel K. W. , Lee Edmond P. F. , Chau Foo‐Tim , Dyke John M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe currently most reliable theoretical estimates of the adiabatic ionization energies (AIE0) from the X̃2B1 state of AsCl2 to the X̃1A1 and ã3B1 states of AsCl, and the electron affinity (EA0) of AsCl2, including ΔZPE corrections, are calculated as 8.687(11), 11.320(23), and 1.845(12) eV, respectively (estimated uncertainties based on basis‐set effects at the RCCSD(T) level). State‐of‐the‐art ab initio calculations, which include RCCSD(T), CASSCF/MRCI, and explicitly correlated RHF/UCCSD(T)‐F12x (x = a or b) calculations with basis sets of up to quintuple‐zeta quality, have been carried out on the X̃2B1 state of AsCl2, the X̃1A1, ã3B1, and Ã1B1 states of AsCl, and the X̃1A1 state of AsCl. Relativistic, core correlation and complete basis‐set (CBS) effects have been considered. In addition, computed UCCSD(T)‐F12a potential energy functions of relevant electronic states of AsCl2, AsCl, and AsCl were used to calculate Franck–Condon factors, which were then used to simulate the valence photoelectron spectrum of AsCl2 and the photodetachment spectrum of AsCl, both yet to be recorded. Lastly, we have also computed the AIE and EA values for NCl2, PCl2, and AsCl2 at the G4 level and for SbCl2 at the RCCSD(T)/CBS level. The trends in the AIE and EA values of the group V pnictogen dichlorides, PnCl2, where Pn = N, P, As, and Sb, were examined. The AIE and EA of PCl2 were found to be smaller than those of AsCl2, contrary to the order expected from the IE values of P and As. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Intracellular efficacy of tumor‐targeting group I intron‐based trans‐splicing ribozyme
Authors: Kwon Byung‐Su , Jeong Jin Sook , Won You Sub , Lee Chang Ho , Yoon Kyung‐Sik , Hyung Jung Min , Kim In‐Hoo , Lee Seong‐Wook 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundGroup I intron‐based trans‐splicing ribozyme, which can specifically reprogram human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) RNA, could be a useful tool for tumor‐targeted gene therapy. In the present study, the therapeutic feasibility of this ribozyme was investigated by analyzing trans‐splicing efficacy in vivo as well as in cells.MethodsWe assessed transgene activation, degree of ribozyme expression, targeted hTERT mRNA level, or the level of trans‐splicing products in hTERT(+) cells or in human tumor nodules xenografted in animals after ribozyme administration.ResultsThe activity and efficacy of the trans‐splicing ribozyme in cells was dependent on the amount of endogenous hTERT mRNA and/or the accumulation of ribozyme RNA in cells. Intracellular activity of the ribozyme reached a plateau when no more targetable substrate mRNA was available or the ribozyme RNA level was fully saturated. In addition, the efficacy of ribozyme in xenografted tumor tissues was dependent on the dose of the delivered ribozyme‐encoding adenoviral vector, indicating the potential of the ribozyme expression level as a determining factor for the in vivo efficacy of the trans‐splicing ribozyme. On the basis of these results, we enhanced the intracellular ribozyme activity by increasing the ribozyme expression level transcriptionally and/or post‐transcriptionally.ConclusionsWe analyzed ribozyme efficacy and determined the most influential factors of its trans‐splicing reaction in mammalian cell lines as well as in vivo. The present study could provide insights into the optimization of the trans‐splicing ribozyme‐based RNA replacement approach to cancer treatment. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of 5‐aryl and 5‐amidocamptothecins
Authors: Meruva Suresh Babu , Raghunadh A. , Anil Kumar N. , Syam Kumar U. K. , Vasu Dev R. , Dubey P. K. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA variety of 5‐aryl‐(20S)‐camptothecin derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of 5‐hydroxy‐(20S)‐camptothecin with aromatic hydrocarbons under Friedel‐Craft reaction conditions in moderate to good yield as diastereomeric pairs. The methodology was then extended for the synthesis of 5‐amido‐(20S)‐camptothecin derivatives by reacting 5‐hydroxy‐(20S)‐camptothecin with alkyl and aryl nitriles under Ritter type reaction conditions. The reaction is presumed to proceed through an iminium ion intermediate under Friedel Craft and Ritter type reaction condition, which is further trapped by nucleophile present in the reaction medium. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 00, 00 (2011).
Synthesis of three selectively deuterated propylene oxides
Authors: Otley Kate D. , Saccomano Benjamin W. , McKee Silas A. , Nizialek Gregory A. , Hamilton David S. , Sherrow Leighanne K. , Jones Camille Y. , Rosenstein Ian J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThree different selectively deuterated propylene oxides have been synthesized for use in quasi‐elastic neutron scattering studies of the dynamics of propylene oxide within clathrate hydrate cages. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of deuterium‐labelled paclitaxel and its hydroxyl metabolite
Authors: Tian Lei , Wu Keying , Tao Jie , Chen Liqin 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis paper describes the synthesis of deuterium‐labelled paclitaxel and its hydroxyl metabolite. Paclitaxel labelled with 2H was obtained in four steps using the commercially available [2H5]benzoic chloride as the stable labelled reagent with a 40% overall yield. The hydroxyl metabolite labelled with 2H was prepared starting from deuterium‐labelled paclitaxel in six steps with a 42% overall yield based on unrecovered starting material. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Myelin oligodendrocyte‐specific protein is expressed in Müller cells of myelinated vertebrate retinas
Authors: Quesada Adela , Aguilera Yolanda , Caparrós Rosalía , Prada Francisco A. , Santano Concepción , López‐López Rosario , Prada Carmen 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe retina of nonmammalian vertebrates has a loose myelin that enwraps the large axons of the ganglion cells in all areas, whereas that of mammals lacks myelin, with some exceptions, such as the rabbit retina, which shows compact myelin restricted to the myelinated streak. Electron microscopy studies in chicken retina showed processes of Müller cells (MCs) and oligodendrocytes enwrapping ganglion cell axons. How each of these cells contributes to chicken retina myelination and whether the MC of other myelinated retinas is involved in myelination remain unknown. By immunohistochemistry, with a monoclonal antibody against myelin oligodendrocyte‐specific protein (MOSP), we show that MOSP is intensely expressed in the MC and the optic‐fiber layer (OFL) in myelinated but not in unmyelinated retinas. By immunocytochemistry with isolated MCs from the chick and rabbit retinas, we show that MOSP is concentrated in the innermost domain of the vitread processes. By immunoblotting, we show that protein extracts from myelinated retinas, but not those from unmyelinated retinas, presented a single band labelled with anti‐MOSP of molecular weight similar to that of brain MOSP. In addition, we show that the MC of the embryonic chicken retina starts to express MOSP just before myelination starts. Our results agree with those of electron microscopy studies showing myelin in chick retina formed by MC processes and with those of immunohistochemistry studies in rabbit and human retinas showing expression of other myelin molecules in the MC. Altogether, our results suggest that the MC in myelinated retinas might contribute MOSP to myelin. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gadd45a protects against cell death in dorsal root ganglion neurons following peripheral nerve injury
Authors: Lin Chung‐Ren , Yang Chien‐Hui , Huang Chiu‐En , Wu Chih‐Hsien , Chen Yi‐Shen , Sheen‐Chen Shyr‐Ming , Huang Hui‐Wen , Chen Kuan‐Hung 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA significant loss of neurons in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) has been reported in animal models of peripheral nerve injury. Neonatal sensory neurons are more susceptible than adult neurons to axotomy‐ or nerve growth factor (NGF) withdrawal‐induced cell death. To develop therapies for preventing irreversible sensory cell loss, it is essential to understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for DRG cell death and survival. Here we describe how the expression of the growth arrest‐ and DNA damage‐inducible gene 45α (GADD45A) is correlated with neuronal survival after axotomy in vivo and after NGF withdrawal in vitro. GADD45A expression is low at birth and does not change significantly after spinal nerve ligation (SNL). In contrast, GADD45A is robustly up‐regulated in the adult rat DRG 24 hr after SNL, and this up‐regulation persists as long as the injured fibers are prevented from regenerating. In vitro delivery of GADD45A protects neonatal rat DRG neurons from NGF withdrawal‐induced cytochrome c release and cell death. In addition, in vivo knockdown of GADD45A expression in adult injured DRG by small hairpin RNA increased cell death. Our results indicate that GADD45A protects neuronal cells from SNL‐induced cell death. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles as Templates for Biomimetic Mineralization of Calcium Phosphate
Authors: Ethirajan Anitha , Musyanovych Anna , Chuvilin Andrey , Landfester Katharina 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBiodegradable polymeric nanoparticles are employed as templates for the biomimetic mineralization of CaP in the aqueous phase. Particles in the sub‐µm range were prepared by a combination of solvent evaporation and miniemulsion techniques. The synthesized particles were subjected to degradation via random saponification. The anionic functional groups produced as a consequence of degradation due to production (ultrasonication step) and post treatment (hydrolysis) steps are used for the CaP mineralization. The composite particles were studied using HRSEM, TEM, and XRD. These polymer/CaP composite nanoparticles have a great potential to be used as a regenerative filler or as a scaffold for nucleation and growth of new bone material.
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An Access Route to Polyferrocenes via Modular Conjugation
Authors: Lang Christiane , Voll Dominik , Inglis Andrew J. , Dingenouts Nico , Goldmann Anja S. , Barner Leonie , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe application of copper‐catalyzed azide/alkyne cycloaddition to monomers containing a ferrocene unit leads to polyferrocenes with ferrocene in the backbone. Catalyst performance and kinetic studies of a model system comprising 1,1'‐bis(azidoethyl)ferrocene and propargyl ether revealed the usage of CuI and DBU as the catalyst in DMF at 50 °C as efficient reaction conditions for the synthesis. The resulting polymers display molecular weight‐averages up to $\overline {M} _{{\rm n}} $ = 10 000 and $\overline {M} _{{\rm w}} $ = 33 000. The polyaddition of monomers both containing ferrocene units led to polyferrocenes with $\overline {M} _{{\rm n}} $ between 4 000 and 11 000 ($\overline {M} _{{\rm w}} $ up to 78 000). The present study thus provides a pathway to polyferrocenes based on modular ligation chemistry.
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An analytic network process‐based approach for location problems: the case of a new waste incinerator plant in the Province of Torino (Italy)
Authors: Bottero Marta , Ferretti Valentina 
Published: February 2011

AbstractStarting from the topicality of the issues related to the location of undesirable facilities and on the basis of a brief review of the types of models that are currently being used in the Municipal Solid Waste Management context, the present paper proposes a multicriteria approach that is able to support decision makers in the choice of the best location for a waste incinerator plant in the Province of Torino (Italy). Three alternative sites have been compared through the use of the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method. The application allows the dependence relationships among the aspects and criteria to be assessed and the relative importance of all the elements that play an influence on the final choice to be elicitated.The decision‐making process was developed through the identification of 31 environmental and socio‐economic indicators that were grouped into clusters and organized in four subnetworks according to the Benefits, Opportunities, Costs and Risks (BOCR) model in order to compare the three alternatives by means of a holistic approach and to better highlight the tradeoffs between the aspects involved in the decision.The aim of this work is to analyse the contribution that the ANP technique offers in sustainability assessment of undesirable facilities, paying particular attention to the use of quantitative indicators in the evaluation process.The strengths and weaknesses of the ANP approach, combined with the use of measurable and verifiable indicators, are also discussed and three different sensitivity analyses have been performed in order to test the robustness of the proposed model and the stability of the results, exploring also rank reversal thresholds.The main findings of the present work have proved that the use of quantitative indicators as nodes of the ANP–BOCR structure significantly improves the internal coherence of the model and makes the decision process more traceable and reliable. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photoreceptor degeneration changes magnetic resonance imaging features in a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Wang Qing , Song Sheng‐Kwei , Zhang Huiying , Berkowitz Bruce A. , Chen Shiming , Wickline Samuel A. , Chen Junjie 
Published: February 2011

AbstractRetinal degeneration‐1 (rd1) mice are animal models of retinitis pigmentosa, a blinding disease caused by photoreceptor cell degeneration. This study aims to determine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes in retinas of 1‐ and 3‐month‐old rd1 mice. Apparent diffusion coefficient in retina was measured using diffusion MRI. The blood‐retinal barrier leakage was evaluated using gadolinium‐diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid‐enhanced T1‐weighted MRI before and after systemic gadolinium‐diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid injection. Photoreceptor degeneration in rd1 retina was apparent by decreased retinal thickness and loss of water diffusion anisotropy in both 1‐ and 3‐month‐old rd1 mice. Furthermore, statistically significant increase of mean retinal apparent diffusion coefficient and gadolinium‐diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid‐enhanced T1‐weighted MRI signals were observed in 3‐month‐old rd1 mice comparing with age‐matched wild‐type mice. Together, these data suggest that MRI parameter changes can signature common pathological changes in photoreceptor‐degenerated eyes, particularly blood‐retinal barrier leakage‐induced retinal edema. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isolation and transcriptome analysis of adult zebrafish cells enriched for skeletal muscle progenitors
Authors: Alexander Matthew S. , Kawahara Genri , Kho Alvin T. , Howell Melanie H. , Pusack Timothy J. , Myers Jennifer A. , Montanaro Federica , Zon Leonard I. , Guyon Jeffrey R. , Kunkel Louis M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIntroduction: Over the past 10 years, the use of zebrafish for scientific research in the area of muscle development has increased dramatically. Although several protocols exist for the isolation of adult myoblast progenitors from larger fish, no standardized protocol exists for the isolation of myogenic progenitors from adult zebrafish muscle. Methods: Using a variant of a mammalian myoblast isolation protocol, zebrafish muscle progenitors have been isolated from the total dorsal myotome. These zebrafish myoblast progenitors can be cultured for several passages and then differentiated into multinucleated, mature myotubes. Results: Transcriptome analysis of these cells during myogenic differentiation revealed a strong downregulation of pluripotency genes, while, conversely, showing an upregulation of myogenic signaling and structural genes. Conclusions: Together these studies provide a simple, yet detailed method for the isolation and culture of myogenic progenitors from adult zebrafish, while further promoting their therapeutic potential for the study of muscle disease and drug screening. Muscle Nerve, 2011
What's different about nonprofit and voluntary sector marketing? A research agenda
Authors: Paton Rob 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWhat is the role of this journal? This paper addresses the controversies over what constitutes marketing in nonprofit and voluntary organisations, and over the nature and significance of the differences between marketing in not‐for‐profit and for‐profit contexts. It delineates the field in terms of its objectives and programmes, and locates it within the broader discipline of marketing, in terms of the sorts of exchanges that are sought with external parties. It then considers the sorts of reflections and research that will contribute to the development of this area of professional practice.
Advanced techniques of donor recognition
Authors: Gaffny Thomas 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis paper examines the issue of ‘donor recognition’ in fundraising, and how recent technological advances have given charitable organisations new strategic tools in which to recognise and protect their donor base.In providing real‐life examples of how American charities are using new donor recognition techniques, this paper seeks to provide specific options of how any charity can maximise the net income potential of every donor on its file.
The key factors for success in corporate fundraising
Authors: Elischer Tony 
Published: February 2011

AbstractFrom the author's basic model on how charities should approach companies, ‘The Company as a Resource’, this paper offers a further and more detailed framework to encompass the major factors that must be identified, considered and developed to ensure success towards the year 2000 in the field of corporate fundraising. By breaking down the general environment and relating key success factors to different elements he offers practical advice and guidance for developing this area.