bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New selectable host–marker systems for multiple genetic manipulations based on TRP1, MET2 and ADE2 in the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha
Authors: Cheon Seon Ah , Choo Jinho , Ubiyvovk Vera M. , Park Jeong‐Nam , Kim Moo Woong , Oh Doo‐Byoung , Kwon Ohsuk , Sibirny Andriy A. , Kim Jeong‐Yoon , Kang Hyun Ah 
Published: August 2009

AbstractInterest has been increasing in the thermotolerant methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha as a useful system for fundamental research and applied purposes. Only a few genetic marker genes and auxotrophic hosts are yet available for this yeast. Here we isolated and developed H. polymorpha TRP1, MET2 and ADE2 genes as selectable markers for multiple genetic manipulations. The H. polymorpha TRP1 (HpTRP1), MET2 (HpMET2) and ADE2 (HpADE2) genes were sequentially disrupted, using an HpURA3 pop‐out cassette in H. polymorpha to generate a series of new multiple auxotrophic strains, including up to a quintuple auxotrophic strain. Unexpectedly, the HpTRP1 deletion mutants required additional tryptophan supplementation for their full growth, even on complex media such as YPD. Despite the clearly increased resistance to 5‐fluoroanthranilic acid of the HpTRP1 deletion mutants, the HpTRP1 blaster cassette does not appear to be usable as a counter‐selection marker in H. polymorpha. Expression vectors carrying HpADE2, HpTRP1 or HpMET2 with their own promoters and terminators as selectable markers were constructed and used to co‐transform the quintuple auxotrophic strain for the targeted expression of a heterologous gene, Aspergillus saitoi MsdS, at the ER, the Golgi and the cell surface, respectively. The nucleotide sequences presented here were submitted to GenBank under Accession Nos AY795576 (HpTRP1), FJ226453 (HpMET2) and FJ493241 (HpADE2), respectively. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prospective Study Comparing Multi‐Detector Row CT and Endoscopy in Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Frattaroli Fabrizio M. , Casciani Emanuele , Spoletini Domenico , Polettini Elisabetta , Nunziale Aldo , Bertini Luca , Vestri Annarita , Gualdi Gianfranco , Pappalardo Giuseppe 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundUpper and lower acute gastrointestinal bleeding (AGIB) is associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity. The latest computerized tomography (CT) imaging techniques play an important role in the treatment of this pathology.MethodsTwenty‐nine patients with severe AGIB (11 upper, 18 lower), all hemodynamically stable, underwent endoscopy followed by a multi‐detector row CT (MDCT) scan. Endoscopic and MDCT accuracy for the anatomical localization and etiology of AGIB was assessed, the diagnosis being considered correct when the two procedures were concordant or when the diagnosis was confirmed by angiographic, surgical, or post‐mortem findings.ResultsThe sensitivity in identifying the site and etiology of bleeding was, respectively, 100% and 90.9% for the MDCT scan, compared with 72.7% and 54.5% for endoscopy in upper AGIB, and 100% and 88.2% for the MDCT scan, compared with 52.9% and 52.9% for endoscopy, in lower AGIB.ConclusionsConsidering the advantages of MDCT over endoscopy, we propose a new diagnostic algorithm for AGIB.
Ten Years of Experience Training Non‐Physician Anesthesia Providers in Haiti
Authors: Rosseel Peter , Trelles Miguel , Guilavogui Seydouba , Ford Nathan , Chu Kathryn 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSurgery is increasingly recognized as an effective means of treating a proportion of the global burden of disease, especially in resource‐limited countries. Often non‐physicians, such as nurses, provide the majority of anesthesia; however, their training and formal supervision is often of low priority or even non‐existent. To increase the number of safe anesthesia providers in Haiti, Médecins Sans Frontières has trained nurse anesthetists (NAs) for over 10 years. This article describes the challenges, outcomes, and future directions of this training program. From 1998 to 2008, 24 students graduated. Nineteen (79%) continue to work as NAs in Haiti and 5 (21%) have emigrated. In 2008, NAs were critical in providing anesthesia during a post‐hurricane emergency where they performed 330 procedures. Mortality was 0.3% and not associated with lack of anesthesiologist supervision. The completion rate of this training program was high and the majority of graduates continue to work as nurse anesthetists in Haiti. Successful training requires a setting with a sufficient volume and diversity of operations, appropriate anesthesia equipment, a structured and comprehensive training program, and recognition of the training program by the national ministry of health and relevant professional bodies. Preliminary outcomes support findings elsewhere that NAs can be a safe and effective alternative where anesthesiologists are scarce. Training non‐physician anesthetists is a feasible and important way to scale up surgical services resource limited settings.
Tocotrienols Suppress Proinflammatory Markers and Cyclooxygenase‐2 Expression in RAW264.7 Macrophages
Authors: Yam Mun‐Li , Abdul Hafid Sitti Rahma , Cheng Hwee‐Ming , Nesaretnam Kalanithi 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTocotrienols are powerful chain breaking antioxidant. Moreover, they are now known to exhibit various non‐antioxidant properties such as anti‐cancer, neuroprotective and hypocholesterolemic functions. This study was undertaken to investigate the anti‐inflammatory effects of tocotrienol‐rich fraction (TRF) and individual tocotrienol isoforms namely δ‐, γ‐, and α‐tocotrienol on lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. The widely studied vitamin E form, α‐tocopherol, was used as comparison. Stimulation of RAW264.7 with lipopolysaccharide induced the release of various inflammatory markers. 10 μg/ml of TRF and all tocotrienol isoforms significantly inhibited the production of interleukin‐6 and nitric oxide. However, only α‐tocotrienol demonstrated a significant effect in lowering tumor necrosis factor‐α production. Besides, TRF and all tocotrienol isoforms except γ‐tocotrienol reduced prostaglandin E2 release. It was accompanied by the down‐regulation of cyclooxygenase‐2 gene expression by all vitamin E forms except α‐tocopherol. Collectively, the data suggested that tocotrienols are better anti‐inflammatory agents than α‐tocopherol and the most effective form is δ‐tocotrienol.
Influence of Vertical Centrifugation on Extra Virgin Olive Oil Quality
Authors: Masella Piernicola , Parenti Alessandro , Spugnoli Paolo , Calamai Luca 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe qualitative effects of vertical centrifugation (VC), i.e., the last step of the extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) extraction process, were investigated on an industrial scale by sampling EVOOs before and after VC. Several parameters were determined to evaluate EVOO quality. Vertical centrifugation results in a marked loss of volatile aromatic compounds, whereas only a slightly variation was recorded in the hydrophilic phenols concentration.
Brief report: How do they manage social interaction? The influence of concealing academic achievement information on self‐monitoring by adolescents with low achievement
Authors: Zhang Baoshan , Zhao Jun‐Yan , Yu Guoliang 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTDuring social interactions people self‐monitor their behavior at least partially to conceal socially devalued characteristics. This study examined the influences of concealing academic achievement on self‐monitoring in an academically‐relevant social interaction. An interview paradigm called for school‐aged adolescent participants (total N = 86) who either did or did not have low (academic) achievement to play the role of someone who did or did not have low achievement while answering academically‐relevant questions. The data suggest that adolescents with low achievement (low achievers) were more likely to tailor their behaviors according to the situational cues than did those without low achievement (non‐low achievers). On the other hand, low achievers who played the role of good students (these adolescents could conceal their low academic achievement characteristics) were most likely to regulate their behaviors according to their inner cues (e.g., real feelings).
School performance, peer association, psychological and behavioral adjustments: A comparison between Chinese adolescents with and without siblings
Authors: Liu Ruth X. , Lin Wei , Chen Zeng‐yin 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTWe test theoretically informed hypotheses using survey reports of adolescents attending three middle schools in the outskirts of Fuzhou, Fujian, China. Results yielded by regression analyses are quite consistent with the hypothesized relationships, that is, Chinese singleton adolescents are more likely to anticipate going to college than non‐singleton adolescents. Further, singletons are more associated with conventional peers and they report better adjustments both psychologically and behaviorally than non‐singleton adolescents. Singletons and non‐singletons, however, are not different in their self‐reported performance in four school subjects, namely, Chinese, Math, English, and Political Studies. These results are discussed in light of the theoretical literature, especially related to attachment theory, resource dilution theory as well as confluence model.
Effect of clindamycin treatment on vaginal inflammatory markers in pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis and a positive fetal fibronectin test
Authors: Diaz‐Cueto Laura , Dominguez‐Lopez Pablo , Tena‐Alavez Gilberto , Cuica‐Flores Adrian , Rosales‐Ortiz Sergio , Arechavaleta‐Velasco Fabian 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐8 in the vaginal secretions of pregnant women with a positive fetal fibronectin (fFN) test result with or without asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis (BV) before and after treatment with oral clindamycin.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted among 43 pregnant women with a positive fFN test result. All patients were treated with clindamycin, and the pre‐ and post‐treatment levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and MMP‐8 were compared.ResultsBefore treatment, levels of IL‐1β and MMP‐8 were significantly higher in women with BV compared with women without BV (P < 0.05). Vaginal levels of IL‐1β and IL‐6, but not MMP‐8, decreased after treatment in pregnant women with BV.ConclusionsThe inability of clindamycin to decrease MMP‐8 vaginal levels may explain why it is ineffective in reducing preterm birth in pregnant women with positive fFN and BV.
Adverse neonatal outcomes associated with trial of labor after previous cesarean delivery in an inner‐city hospital in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Olusanya Bolajoko O. , Solanke Olumuyiwa A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo identify delivery methods and associated adverse neonatal outcomes after previous cesarean delivery.MethodsA retrospective cross‐sectional study in an inner‐city maternity hospital in Lagos, Nigeria, in which outcomes associated with delivery methods were determined by multinomial logistic regression.ResultsOf 435 eligible singleton deliveries, 171 (39.3%) occurred via elective cesarean, 249 (57.2%) via emergency cesarean, and 15 (3.4%) after successful trial of labor. Emergency cesarean delivery was associated with low 1‐minute Apgar scores compared with successful trial of labor. It was also associated with low 5‐minute Apgar scores compared with elective cesarean delivery, in addition to hyperbilirubinemia and admission to the special care baby unit. Successful trial of labor was less likely to be associated with low 1‐minute Apgar scores than was elective cesarean delivery. The delivery methods were not associated with risk of sensorineural hearing loss.ConclusionTrial of labor is common in this tertiary hospital among women with previous cesarean delivery and is associated with high failure rates and adverse neonatal outcomes with potential developmental risks.
Validation of the Danish 7-day pre-coded food diary among adults: energy intake v. energy expenditure and recording length
Authors: Biltoft-Jensen Anja , Matthiessen Jeppe , Rasmussen Lone B. , Fagt Sisse , Groth Margit V. , Hels Ole 
Published: August 2009

Under-reporting of energy intake (EI) is a well-known problem when measuring dietary intake in free-living populations. The present study aimed at quantifying misreporting by comparing EI estimated from the Danish pre-coded food diary against energy expenditure (EE) measured with a validated position-and-motion instrument (ActiReg®). Further, the influence of recording length on EI:BMR, percentage consumers, the number of meal occasions and recorded food items per meal was examined. A total of 138 Danish volunteers aged 20–59 years wore the ActiReg® and recorded their food intake for 7 consecutive days. Data for 2504 participants from the National Dietary Survey 2000–2 were used for comparison of characteristics and recording length. The results showed that EI was underestimated by 12 % on average compared with EE measured by ActiReg® (PreMed AS, Oslo, Norway). The 95 % limits of agreement for EI and EE were − 6·29 and 3·09 MJ/d. Of the participants, 73 % were classified as acceptable reporters, 26 % as under-reporters and 1 % as over-reporters. EI:BMR was significantly lower on 1–3 consecutive recording days compared with 4–7 recording days (P < 0·03). Percentage consumers of selected food items increased with number of recording days. When recording length was 7 d, the number of reported food items per meal differed between acceptable reporters and under-reporters. EI:BMR was the same on 4 and 7 consecutive recording days. This was, however, a result of under-reporting in the beginning and the end of the 7 d reporting. Together, the results indicate that EI was underestimated at group level and that a 7 d recording is preferable to a 4 d recording period.
DEFOE, DISSENT, AND EARLY WHIG IDEOLOGY
Authors: CLARK K. R. P. 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTThe nature of Whig ideology at its formation in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries continues to attract the attention of historians of political thought. This article contends that prevalent understandings of the taxonomy of the subject nevertheless still often remain secular, and do not fully attend to the religious constituencies of the authors involved. One key author was Daniel Defoe, who was credited with several anonymous pamphlets published after the Revolution of 1688. The effect of these attributions is to reinforce a homogenized picture of early Whig political ideology that fails to identify differences between authors who used similar terms such as ‘contract’, ‘resistance’, and ‘natural law’. This article de-attributes certain of these pamphlets, outlines the consequences for the history of political thought of that de-attribution, re-establishes Defoe's own political identity, and proposes that such a taxonomy should give more attention to religious difference.
VOLUNTEERISM AND EARLY RECRUITMENT EFFORTS IN DEVONSHIRE, AUGUST 1914–DECEMBER 1915
Authors: WHITE BONNIE J. 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTHistorians of Britain and the First World War have debated the extent to which there was a rush to colours in August 1914, as well as the consequences of bringing the war effort to the communities and homes of the civilian population. While the historiography has gradually shifted away from accepting that the wave of volunteerism in 1914 was ultimately an expression of patriotism and support for the war effort, there is still little understanding of the impact of the recruitment and propaganda campaigns at the local level. Focusing on newspaper reports and recruitment records, this article offers an examination of how Devonians responded to recruiting agents and their attempts to get men to enlist, and the effect on communities, families, and individuals who were targeted by both civilian and military authorities. This study reveals that Devon's recruitment profile differed from national trends due to occupational and geographical factors, as well as the refusal of small county newspapers to practise self-censorship.
THE FORD ADMINISTRATION AND SECURITY POLICY IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC AFTER THE FALL OF SAIGON
Authors: GAWTHORPE ANDREW J. 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTThis article enhances our understanding of the Ford administration's foreign policy by examining how it sought to react to a changed situation in the Asia-Pacific after the fall of Saigon in May 1975. It shows how changes in regional politics forced the administration to adapt to a situation in which allies began to look to the Communist countries for friendship and to reconsider having American forces on their soil. It illustrates this situation by looking at base negotiations in Thailand and the Philippines, and the administration's search for an alternative arrangement in the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. It then reconsiders two crisis situations in the region to examine the relevance of the superpower competition to the administration's responses. This aids our understanding of the role that regional factors played in tactical foreign policy decisions taken by the Ford administration, extending beyond a focus on the superpower competition that has marked the historiography of the administration in the past.
A NEW INTELLECTUAL HISTORY? JONATHAN ISRAEL'S ENLIGHTENMENT
Authors: LA VOPA ANTHONY J. 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTThis review points out the dangers of taking Jonathan Israel's volumes on the Enlightenment as a new framework for Enlightenment studies. Despite Israel's claim in Enlightenment contested to have historicized our understanding of the Enlightenment, his modus operandi is fundamentally unhistorical, and the result is a presentist interpretation with an oversimplified classification of thinkers into ‘radical’ and ‘moderate’ camps. The review suggests more effective ways to make a truly historicized Enlightenment present for us now, especially by devoting more attention to the literary and rhetorical properties of Enlightenment texts.
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES ON INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT, MINING, AND PROSTITUTION
Authors: LAITE JULIA ANN 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTProstitution has been linked by many historians and social commentators to the industrial development and capitalism of the modern age, and there is no better example of this than the prostitution that developed in mining regions from the mid-nineteenth century. Using research on mining-related prostitution, and other social histories of mining communities where prostitution inevitably forms a part, large or small, of the historian's analysis of the mining region, this article will review, contrast, and compare prostitution in various mining contexts, in different national and colonial settings. From the American and Canadian gold rushes in the mid- and late nineteenth century, to the more established mining frontiers of the later North American West, to the corporate mining towns of Chile in the interwar years, to the copper and gold mines of southern Africa and Kenya in the first half of the twentieth century, commercial sex was present and prominent as the mining industry and mining communities developed.1 Challenging the simplistic images and stereotypes of prostitution that are popularly associated with the American mining frontier, historians have shown that prostitution's place in mining communities, and its connection to industrial development, was as complex as it was pervasive and enduring.
Probability Judgment Error and Speculation in Laboratory Asset Market Bubbles
Authors: Ackert Lucy F. , Charupat Narat , Deaves Richard , Kluger Brian D. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn 12 sessions conducted in a typical bubble-generating experimental environment, we design a pair of assets that can detect both irrationality and speculative behavior. The specific form of irrationality we investigate is the probability judgment error associated with low-probability, high-payoff outcomes. Independently, we test for speculation by comparing prices of identically paying assets in multiperiod versus single-period markets. We establish that aggregate irrationality measured in one dimension (probability judgment error) is associated with aggregate irrationality measured in another (bubble formation).
A systematic review of interventions aimed at the prevention of weight gain in adults
Authors: Lombard Catherine B , Deeks Amanda A , Teede Helena J 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveThe WHO has recommended that prevention of overweight and obesity should begin early and target adults, including those with an acceptable BMI. The aim of the present paper was to systematically review published interventions with a specific stated aim to prevent weight gain.DesignFive databases were searched to July 2008. The reference lists of review articles and obesity society meetings abstracts were hand searched. Interventions were included if the primary aim was to prevent weight gain and they included a comparison group.ResultsTen publications were included, describing nine separate interventions in adults of various ages and target populations. All interventions incorporated diet and physical activity with behaviour change strategies. Most studies were between 1 and 3 years in duration. Five studies reported a significant difference in weight between intervention and control subjects of between 1·0 and 3·5 kg, due largely to an increase in weight in the control group. However, there was a lack of consistent, clear, psychological models and a failure to identify successful components. More intensive interventions were not always successful, nor were mail-only or clinic-based interventions. In contrast, interventions that included mixed modes of delivery with some personal contact were successful.ConclusionsThere were relatively few trials aimed at the prevention of weight gain. Existing trials varied by intensity, delivery methods, target groups and study components, and therefore provide limited opportunities for comparison of effect size. Further large, effective, evidence-based programmes are urgently needed in the general population as well as high-risk groups.
Serving of free school lunch to secondary-school pupils – a pilot study with health implications
Authors: Ask Anne Selvik , Hernes Sigrunn , Aarek Ingebjørg , Vik Frøydis , Brodahl Cornelia , Haugen Margaretha 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo study whether service of a free school lunch has an impact on weight development and food intake among pupils at a lower secondary school, and to assess the association between self-perceived school behaviour and food intake.DesignA controlled intervention study involving service of a free healthy school lunch to 9th grade pupils took place over 4 months, from January to May 2007. Weight and height were measured before and after the intervention. The pupils also completed a short FFQ and a questionnaire concerning self-perceived school behaviour and the classroom environment before and after the intervention. A healthy food score was calculated using the FFQ data.SettingAll 9th graders at three different lower secondary schools in southern Norway were invited to participate. One school was randomly selected as the intervention school.SubjectsFifty-eight pupils (91 %) from the intervention school and ninety-two pupils (77 %) from the control schools participated.ResultsBMI did not increase among the girls at the intervention school, but increased significantly among the boys at the intervention school and among the control school groups. The healthy food score correlated positively with the trait ‘satisfied with schoolwork’ (P < 0·001). Fifteen per cent of the variance in food score could be explained by gender and the trait ‘satisfied with schoolwork’.ConclusionsServing of a healthy free school lunch to secondary-school pupils may result in restricted weight gain. Further studies are needed to clarify the impact of school meals on overweight and academic performance.