bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnobotanical, phytochemical and toxicological studies of Ghagra shak (Xanthium strumarium L.) growing in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Mohammad Rashedul , Uddin Mohammad Zashim , Rahman Mohammad Sharifur , Tutul Ershad , Rahman Mohammed Zakiur , Hassan Md. Abul , Faiz M A , Hossain Moazzem , Hussain Maleeha , Rashid Mohammad Abdur 
Published: February 2010

The present study describes the ethnobotanical, phytochemical, and toxicological evaluations of Xanthium strumarium L. growing in Bangladesh. In toxicity evaluation on rats, the methanol extract of seedlings showed mortality, while both seedling and mature plant extracts raised the serum alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase values and produced significant abnormalities in the histopathology of liver and kidney of rats. On the other hand, the aqueous soluble fraction of methanol extract of mature plant (LC50 = 0.352 µg/mL) and methanol crude extract of seedlings (LC50 = 0.656 µg/mL) demonstrated significant toxicity in the brine shrimp lethality bioassay. A total of four compounds were purified and characterized as stigmasterol (1), 11-hydroxy-11-carboxy-4-oxo-1(5),2(Z)-xanthadien-12,8-olide (2), daucosterol (3) and lasidiol-10-anisate (4). The present study suggests that X. strumarium is toxic to animal.Keywords: Bangladesh; Ethnobotanical; Xanthium strumariumOnline: 8 Feb 2010DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v35i3.3658Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2009; 35: 84-90
INSECTS OF THE NORTHERN PARTS OF BRITISH AMERICA
Authors: The Editor  
Published: February 2010

31. Agonum Affine, Kirby.—Length of body 4 lines. Locality not stated. A single specimen taken.Body very black, glossy. Antennæ longer than the prothorax: prothorax of the same width before as behind, so as to appear more square than in the preceding species; its lateral margin at the base is likewise not reflexed, the dorsal channel is slight, and the disk is minutely and transversely wrinkled ; the basilar impressions are deep, large and circular; elytra very slightly bronzed ; three punctiform impressions, the anterior one adjoining the third furrow, and the two posterior the second, are visible in the usual situation; the four anterior trochanters are of a deep red.
ON THE LARVÆ OF SOME LEPIDOPTERA
Authors: Saunders W. 
Published: February 2010

A single full-grown specimen of the larva of this species was found under a log in a wood near London on the 11th of June. Length one inch. Head black and shining.Body above brownish black, closely covered with tufts of moderately long stiff hairs, proceeding from elevated shining tubercles. Hairs and tubercles a little darker than the surface of body, excepting along the sides, where, although the tubercles continue the same, the hairs are changed to a yellowish-brown color.Under surface brown, with a slight greenish tint; fifth, sixth, eleventh, and twelfth segments are each belted with a series of tufts of short yellowish-brown hairs, in continuation of those above. Feet black and shining. Prolegs yellowish-brown and hairy.
Stability of natural populations of an aphid, Uroleucon rudbeckiae, at three spatial scales
Authors: Lamb Robert J. , MacKay Patricia A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractStability (temporal variability, persistence, resilience) was assessed over 8–13 years for subpopulations, populations, and regional populations of Uroleucon rudbeckiae (Fitch) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in southern Manitoba, Canada. Contrary to expectations, natural populations of this native aphid were not more stable than those of aphids inhabiting crops. Among population parameters, prevalence (proportion of plants infested) proved more effective for quantifying temporal variability than intensity (colony size) or abundance (number of aphids per stem). The parameter “population variability” was a more effective index of temporal variability than the standard deviation of the logarithm or the coefficient of variation. Small differences in temporal variability were detected among populations that varied greatly in size. Population variability declined slightly as spatial scale increased and did not increase consistently over time. Population variability can be considered characteristic of this species in southern Manitoba, having a value of 0.648 ± 0.080 (mean ± standard deviation, n = 5, over 8–13 years) on a scale of 0–1, a high degree of temporal variability. Persistence was not related to temporal variability. Subpopulations were less persistent than populations, and one of five populations did not persist. Small populations were more likely to disappear temporarily. No resilience was detected.
Manipulation of Expression of Arsenic (+3 Oxidation State) Methyltransferase in Cultured Cells
Authors: Drobna Zuzana , Styblo Miroslav , Thomas David J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMethylation of inorganic arsenic to produce mono‐, di‐, or trimethylated products is the central process in the cellular metabolism of arsenic. Identification of arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (As3mt) as the enzyme that could catalyze all the steps in the pathway for arsenic methylation suggests that expression of this enzyme could be a useful target for manipulation. Here, methods are described for heterologous expression of the rat As3mt gene in a human urothelial cell line that normally does not express this enzyme and for silencing of the AS3MT gene by RNA interference in a human hepatoma cell line. These tools can be applied to elucidating the role of methylation in the toxic and carcinogenic effects of arsenicals. Curr. Protoc. Toxicol. 43:4.35.1‐4.35.24. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Morphometric Analysis in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Milatovic Dejan , Montine Thomas J. , Zaja‐Milatovic Snjezana , Madison Jennifer L. , Bowman Aaron B. , Aschner Michael 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe study of dendritic length and spine density has become standard in the analysis of neuronal abnormalities, since a considerable number of neurological diseases have their foundation in alterations in these structures. One of the best ways to study possible alterations in neuronal morphometry is the use of Golgi impregnation. Introduced more than a century ago, it is still the standard and state‐of‐the‐art technique for visualization of neuronal architecture. We successfully applied the Golgi method to mouse, rat, monkey, and human brain tissues for studying both the normal and abnormal morphology of neurons. We were able to discover subtle morphological alterations in neuronal dendrites and dendritic spines in different brain areas. Although Golgi preparations can be examined by electronic microscopy, we used light microscopy and reconstruction using Neurolucida software to quantitatively explore the relationship between total dendritic length and spine density in different types of neurons. This unit summarizes the methodology used to quantify neuronal abnormalities and discusses the utility of these techniques in different models of neurodegeneration. Curr. Protoc. Toxicol. 43:12.16.1‐12.16.14. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Overview of Gastrointestinal Toxicology
Authors: Coruzzi Gabriella 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe gastrointestinal (GI) tract has the unique feature of having a huge area for exposure to potentially harmful agents, including concentrated acid, food, chemicals, and pathogens. Research over the past decades has identified some of the key events that are involved in mucosal damage and defense. The enteric nervous system, immune system, and a variety of endocrine and paracrine mediators act in concert to endure mucosal barrier integrity and gut homeostasis. Disruptors of mucosal defense mechanisms include drugs, food allergens and contaminants, metals, chemicals, radiation, and pathogens. A variety of animal experimental models have been set up to detect possible deleterious effects to the GI tract and the potential risk in humans. Curr. Protoc. Toxicol. 43:21.1.1‐21.1.6. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Cross‐Coupling Modification of Nucleoside Triphosphates, PEX, and PCR Construction of Base‐Modified DNA
Authors: Macickova‐Cahová Hana , Vrábel Milan , Hocek Michal 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA novel, efficient, two‐step methodology is presented for construction of base‐modified oligonucleotides or DNA, involving aqueous cross‐coupling reactions of halogenated nucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) with terminal acetylenes or arylboronic acids, followed by polymerase incorporation of the modified dNTPs either using primer extension (PEX) or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Curr. Protoc. Chem Biol. 2:1‐14. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chemical Genetic Approach for Kinase‐Substrate Mapping by Covalent Capture of Thiophosphopeptides and Analysis by Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Hertz Nicholas T. , Wang Beatrice T. , Allen Jasmina J. , Zhang Chao , Dar Arvin C. , Burlingame Alma L. , Shokat Kevan M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMapping kinase‐substrate interactions demands robust methods to rapidly and unequivocally identify substrates from complex protein mixtures. Toward this goal, we present a method in which a kinase, engineered to utilize synthetic ATPγS analogs, specifically thiophosphorylates its substrates in a complex lysate. The thiophosphate label provides a bio‐orthogonal tag that can be used to affinity purify and identify labeled proteins. Following the labeling reaction, proteins are digested with trypsin; thiol‐containing peptides are then covalently captured and non‐thiol‐containing peptides are washed from the resin. Oxidation‐promoted hydrolysis, at sites of thiophosphorylation, releases phosphopeptides for analysis by tandem mass spectrometry. By incorporating two specificity gates—kinase engineering and peptide affinity purification—this method yields high‐confidence substrate identifications. This method gives both the identity of the substrates and phosphorylation‐site localization. With this information, investigators can analyze the biological significance of the phosphorylation mark immediately following confirmation of the kinase‐substrate relationship. Here, we provide an optimized version of this technique to further enable widespread utilization of this technology. Curr. Protoc. Chem Biol. 2:15‐36. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Cadmium‐induced increase in uterine wet weight and its mechanism
Authors: Liu Jin , Huang Huiling , Zhang Wenchang , Li Hong 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Cadmium (Cd) increases in uterine wet weight in rodents remain unclear and there are only a few studies that examined the effects of Cd on uterine morphology. It is unknown whether Cd induces a uterotrophic effect via its interaction with the estrogen receptor (ER). In our study, we compared the effects of cadmium chloride (CaCl2) on uterine wet weight and morphology to those of 17β‐estradiol in Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats. METHODS: Forty‐eight SD rats (23 days of age) were ectomized and randomly divided into six groups (eight rats per group): vehicle control (sterile saline solution), positive control (17β‐estradiol, 0.03 mg/kg in peanut oil), and CaCl2 groups (0.0064, 0.032, 0.16, and 0.8 mg/kg, respectively). The animals were treated by daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection for 3 days. The uteri were removed and assessed for weight, morphology, and immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, the uterine wet weight, the thickness of endomerium, the thickness of the stroma and the nucleus/cytoplasm ratio in the 17β‐estradiol‐treated and 0.8 mg/kg‐day CaCl2‐treated groups changed (P<0.01 or P 0.05). The endometrial gland number, the uterine epithelial cell height, and the PCNA‐positive expression in 17β‐estradiol‐treated rats increased compared to that of the control (P<0.01), but not in the CaCl2 dose groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that cadmium may induce an increase in uterine wet weight. However, this effect is not similar to that caused by 17β‐estradiol, suggesting it is not via Ca‐ER interactions. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 89:43–49, 2010.© 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nachrichten des Verbandes Biologie, Biowissenschaften & Biomedizin in Deutschland
Authors: Brandstetter Heinz 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAus den Fachgesellschaften:Gesellschaft für SignaltransduktionExtra:BundesdelegiertenversammlungBiologentag 2009 in BerlinEvolutionsbiologie in der Deutschen BankAus den Landesverbänden:Nordrhein‐WestfalenSachsenHessen
Tropane Alkaloids fromErythroxylumGenus: Distribution and Compilation of13C‐NMR Spectral Data
Authors: Oliveira Steno L. , da Silva Marcelo S. , Tavares Josean F. , Sena‐Filho José G. , Lucena Hellane F. S. , Romero Marco A. V. , Barbosa‐Filho José M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractErythroxylum, the most representative genus of the Erythroxylaceae family, presents tropane alkaloids as main constituents. This class of compounds greatly contributes to the chemotaxonomic characterization of plants of this genus, and it has important medical uses and shows toxic effects. This review describes 186 tropane alkaloids in the 35 species ofErythroxylumdistributed worldwide. In addition, a compilation of their13C‐NMR spectral data is presented.
Bioactive Compounds with Added Value Prepared from Terpenes Contained in Solid Wastes from the Olive Oil Industry
Authors: Parra Andres , Lopez Pilar E. , Garcia‐Granados Andres 
Published: February 2010

AbstractStarting from solid wastes from two‐phase olive‐oil extraction, the pentacyclic triterpenes oleanolic acid and maslinic acid were isolated. These natural compounds were transformed into methyl olean‐12‐en‐28‐oate (5), which then was transformed into several seco‐C‐ring triterpene compounds by chemical and photolytic modifications. The triene seco‐products were fragmented through several oxidative procedures to produce, simultaneously, cis‐ and trans‐decalin derivatives, both potential synthons for bioactive compounds. The chemical behavior of the isolated fragments was investigated, and a suitable approach to several low‐molecular‐weight terpenes was performed. These are interesting processes for the value‐addition to solid waste from the olive‐oil industry.
Two New Sesquiterpene Derivatives from the Tunisian Endemic Ferula tunetanaPom.
Authors: Jabrane Aymen , Jannet Hichem Ben , Mighri Zine , Mirjolet Jean‐François , Duchamp Olivier , Harzallah‐Skhiri Féthia , Lacaille‐Dubois Marie‐Aleth 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA new sesquiterpene ester, tunetanin A (1), a new sesquiterpene coumarin, tunetacoumarin A (2), together with eight known compounds, i.e., coladin (3), coladonin (4), isosmarcandin (5), 13‐hydroxyfeselol (6), umbelliprenin (7) propiophenone (8), β‐sitosterol (9), and stigmasterol (10), were isolated from the roots of Ferula tunetana. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR experiments and MS analysis, as well as by comparison with published data. The cytotoxicity of compounds 1–7 towards two human colon cancer cell lines, HT‐29 and HCT 116, was evaluated. Compounds 3, 4, and 6 showed weak cytotoxic activities.
Inhibition of Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Nitric Oxide Production by Antofine and Its Analogues in RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells
Authors: Min Hye‐Young , Song Su‐Hyun , Lee Boeun , Kim Sanghee , Lee Sang Kook 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBased on the anti‐inflammatory activity of phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids, the inhibitory effect of antofine and its analogues on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced nitric oxide (NO) production was examined, and structure–activity relationships are discussed. Antofine and several analogues suppressed NO production in LPS‐stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The MeO group at C(2), and the bulkiness of the substituents at C(3) and C(6) in the phenanthrene ring might be critical for this effect. Besides, regulation of iNOS expression might be involved in the inhibitory effect of antofine on LPS‐induced NO production in macrophage cells.
A Reversible Dual‐Response Fluorescence Switch for the Detection of Multiple Analytes
Authors: Geng Junlong , Liu Ping , Liu Bianhua , Guan Guijian , Zhang Zhongping , Han Ming‐Yong 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis paper reports a reversible dual fluorescence switch for the detection of a proton target and 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT) with opposite‐response results, based on fluorophore derivatization of silica nanoparticles. Fluorescent silica nanoparticles were synthesized through modification of the surface with a nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD) fluorophore and an organic amine to form a hybrid monolayer of fluorophores and amino ligands; the resultant nanoparticles showed different fluorescence responses to the proton target and TNT. Protonation of the amino ligands leads to fluorescence enhancement due to inhibition of photoinduced electron transfer (PET) between the amine and fluorophore. By contrast, addition of TNT results in fluorescence quenching because a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) happens between the NBD fluorophore and the formed TNT–amine complex. The fluorescence signal is reversible through washing with the proper solvents and the nanoparticles can be reused after centrifugal separation. Furthermore, these nanoparticles were assembled into chips on an etched silicon wafer for the detection of TNT and the proton target. The assembled chip can be used as a convenient indicator of herbicide (2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and TNT residues with the use of only 10 μL of sample. The simple NBD‐grafted silica nanoparticles reported here show a reversible signal and good assembly flexibility; thus, they can be applied in multianalyte detection.
Three‐Dimensional Antiferromagnetic Order of Single‐Chain Magnets: A New Approach to Design Molecule‐Based Magnets
Authors: Miyasaka Hitoshi , Takayama Karin , Saitoh Ayumi , Furukawa Sachie , Yamashita Masahiro , Clérac Rodolphe 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTwo one‐dimensional compounds composed of a 1:1 ratio of MnIII salen‐type complex and NiII oximato moiety with different counter anions, PF6− and BPh4−, were synthesized: [Mn(3,5‐Cl2saltmen)Ni(pao)2(phen)]PF6 (1) and [Mn(5‐Clsaltmen)Ni(pao)2(phen)]BPh4 (2), where 3,5‐Cl2saltmen2−=N,N′‐(1,1,2,2‐tetramethylethylene)bis(3,5‐dichlorosalicylideneiminate); 5‐Clsaltmen2−=N,N′‐(1,1,2,2‐tetramethylethylene)bis(5‐chlorosalicylideneiminate); pao−=pyridine‐2‐aldoximate; and phen=1,10‐phenanthroline. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction study was carried out for both compounds. In 1 and 2, the chain topology is very similar forming an alternating linear chain with a [‐MnIII‐ON‐NiII‐NO‐] repeating motif (where ‐ON‐ is the oximate bridge). The use of a bulky counteranion, such as BPh4−, located between the chains in 2 rather than PF6− in 1, successfully led to the magnetic isolation of the chains in 2. This minimization of the interchain interactions allows the study of the intrinsic magnetic properties of the chains present in 1 and 2. While 1 and 2 possess, as expected, very similar paramagnetic properties above 15 K, their ground state is antiferromagnetic below 9.4 K and paramagnetic down to 1.8 K, respectively. Nevertheless, both compounds exhibit a magnet‐type behavior at temperatures below 6 K. While for 2, the observed magnetism is well explained by a Single‐Chain Magnet (SCM) behavior, the magnet properties for 1 are induced by the presence in the material of SCM building units that order antiferromagnetically. By controlling both intra‐ and interchain magnetic interactions in this new [MnIIINiII] SCM system, a remarkable AF phase with a magnet‐type behavior has been stabilized in relation with the intrinsic SCM properties of the chains present in 1. This result suggests that the simultaneous enhancement of both intrachain (J) and interchain (J′) magnetic interactions (with keeping J ≫ J′), independently of the presence of AF phase might be an efficient route to design high temperature SCM‐based magnets.
Transcription of Chirality in the Organogel Systems Dictates the Enantiodifferentiating Photodimerization of Substituted Anthracene
Authors: Dawn Arnab , Shiraki Tomohiro , Haraguchi Shuichi , Sato Hiroki , Sada Kazuki , Shinkai Seiji 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAn organogelator (G) that contains 2‐anthracenecarboxylic acid (2Ac) attached covalently to a gelator counterpart that consists of 3,4,5‐tris(n‐dodecan‐1‐yloxy)benzoic acid by means of a chiral amino alcohol linkage has been synthesized. G acts as an efficient gelator of organic solvents, including mixed solvents and chiral solvents. Photodimers isolated after the photoreaction of the gel samples display different degrees of stereoselectivity. In the gel state, the formation of head‐to‐head (h–h) photodimers is always favored over head‐to‐tail (h–t) photodimers. Enantiomeric excess (ee) values of the major h–h photodimers reached as high as −56 % in the case of the gels with enantiomeric glycidyl methyl ethers. Here, the solvent chirality is outweighed by the intrinsic chirality of the gelator molecule. The packing of the chromophore in the gel state has been characterized by the absorption and the emission behaviors and their variations during the course of gel‐to‐sol phase transition. Whereas for the hexane gel, emission intensity increases with an increase in temperature, other systems show a decrease in emission intensity. Redshift of the λmax in the gel spectra indicates the J‐aggregate arrangement of the chromophores. Chiral transcription in the gel state has been investigated by CD spectroscopy, which shows a decrease in CD intensity during the gel‐to‐sol phase transition. The X‐ray diffraction study clearly differentiates among the gels in terms of the order of molecular arrangements. The gel systems are categorized as strong, moderately strong, and weak, that originate from the cooperative or individual participations of intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding and π–π interactions, fine‐tuned by the solvent polarity and the gelation temperature. A simple model based on the experimental findings and the molecular preorientation as evidenced by the stereochemistry of the photodimers has been proposed.