bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY OF THE UPPER PERMIAN ZECHSTEIN MAIN DOLOMITE CARBONATES IN WESTERN POLAND: A NEW APPROACH
Authors: Slowakiewicz M. , Mikolajewski Z. 
Published: June 2009

The Upper Permian Main Dolomite in the Zechstein 2 cyclothem in the Gorzów Block (part of the Zechstein Basin in western Poland) contains both hydrocarbon source and reservoir rocks, and is sealed both above and below by evaporites. In this paper we propose a new sequence stratigraphic model for the development of potential reservoir rocks in toe‐of‐slope locations. Data came from detailed analyses of 35 cores from wells in and at the margins of the Wielkopolska platform, a palaeogeographic element composed of Main Dolomite carbonates.In basinal areas, the Main Dolomite carbonates begin with a transgressive interval overlain by laminated dolomudstones interpreted as transgressive facies. The TST begins in the upper part of the underlying Alg anhydrites. The dolostones are underlain by a ravinement surface on the platform, and by a maximum regressive surface in toe‐of‐slope and basinal locations. In well Gorzów Wielkopolski‐2, a hardground marks the maximum flooding surface. Overlying the TST deposits are thick intervals of intraclast‐oolitic grainstones and floatstones which are interpreted as highstand deposits and indicate “highstand shedding”. Toe‐of‐slope facies are composed of alternating laminated dolomudstones, intraclast‐oolitic grainstones, packstones and floatstones which make up submarine fans (prisms) interpreted as falling stage facies which are capped by dolomudstones. A subaerial unconformity was recognized on the platform, and a slope onlap surface on the slope and toe‐of‐slope, respectively.In platform areas, the Main Dolomite begins with thin intervals containing microbial complexes deposited during the early HST, which pass into thick oolitic grainstones (HST to late HST) and terminate as microbial‐to‐oolitic wackestone and mudstone complexes interpreted as falling stage facies. Thrombolitic bioherms constitute a reference horizon which can be correlated between wells in the study area. The beginning of the LST occurs in the upper part of the Main Dolomite. The boundary between lowstand and transgressive deposits was identified in the lower part of the Basal Anhydrite and is marked by sabkha and salina facies, respectively, where an erosional ravinement surface and maximum regressive surface were identified. Thus, the upper part of the underlying Upper Anhydrite and the upper part of the Main Dolomite deposits form a second depositional sequence in the study area.The depositional environment of the Main Dolomite platform carbonates was variable, and was influenced by the topography of the pre‐existing evaporitic platform. The newly proposed sequence stratigraphic model emphasises the role of forced regressive submarine fans as potential hydrocarbon accumulations and traps in the toe‐of‐slope area.
FACIES ANALYSIS AND DEPOSITIONAL SEQUENCES OF THE UPPER JURASSIC MOZDURAN FORMATION, A CARBONATE RESERVOIR IN THE KOPET DAGH BASIN, NE IRAN
Authors: Kavoosi M.A. , Lasemi Y. , Sherkati S. , Moussavi‐Harami R. 
Published: June 2009

Upper Jurassic carbonates of the Mozduran Formation constitute the principal reservoir intervals at the giant Khangiran and Gonbadli gasfields in the Kopet Dagh Basin, NE Iran. These carbonates were investigated using detailed field studies and petrographic and wireline log analyses in order to clarify their depositional facies and sequence stratigraphy. Facies were interpreted to reflect deep basin, fore‐shoal, shelf margin, lagoon, tidal flat and coastal plain depositional systems.The Mozduran Formation is composed of six depositional sequences. Thickness variations were controlled by differential subsidence. Aggradation on the platform margin and reduced carbonate production in the deep basin together with differential subsidence resulted in the creation of a narrow seaway during the late Oxfordian. Petrographic studies suggest that Mozduran Formation carbonates had a low‐Mg calcite mineralogy during the Oxfordian, and an aragonite to high‐Mg calcite mineralogy during the Kimmeridgian. Reservoir pay zones are located in highstand systems tracts within the lower and middle Kimmeridgian depositional sequences. The rapid lateral thickness variations of these sequences were controlled by tectonic factors, leading to compartmentalization of the Mozduran Formation reservoir with the possible creation of stratigraphic traps, especially at the Khangiran field.
LOWER SILURIAN “HOT SHALES” IN JORDAN: A NEW DEPOSITIONAL MODEL
Authors: Loydell D. K. , Butcher A. , Frýda J. , Lüning S. , Fowler M. 
Published: June 2009

Data are presented from the Batra Formation (also known as the Mudawwara Shale Formation) of a core from well BG‐14 in the Batna el Ghoul area, southern Jordan, which enable a new depositional model to be proposed for the middle Rhuddanian (lower Llandovery, Silurian) “hot shale” which may be applicable to other Arabian and North African “hot shales” of similar stratigraphical age. This “hot shale” probably results from rapid early burial of organic carbon associated with a minor regression during which anoxic bottom conditions were maintained for most, but not all, of the time.Evidence for regression comes from (1) increased sediment grain size within the “hot shale” by comparison with underlying shales; (2) palynological changes including a decrease in acritarch species diversity; an increase in the relative abundance of sphaeromorphs, veryhachiids with three processes and acritarchs with short, simple processes; and a decrease in the relative abundance of acanthomorphs; (3) a positive δ13Corg excursion (other Late Ordovician and Silurian positive δ13Corg excursions occur during regressions); and (4) very brief intervals of oxygenation (associated with sediment influx) reflected in the preservation of graptolites as three‐dimensional pyrite internal moulds, rather than as flattened periderm.The minor regression reflects a eustatic sea‐level fall, evidence for which has recently been presented from several regions, including Arctic Canada, Bohemia and Scotland. The BG‐14 “hot shale” is shown to be thicker than estimated in previous studies. Previous TOC measurements from the upper part of the “hot shale” were affected by the weathering of overlying strata in the BG‐14 core. ICP‐MS measurements show that uranium content is high in these weathered levels, extending the stratigraphical extent of the “hot shale” interval into the middle Rhuddanian.Depositional models such as that presented here rely on a robust biostratigraphical framework; in the Ordovician and Silurian of Arabia and North Africa, this can be provided by graptolites and chitinozoans.
DOLOMITIZATION AND RELATED FLUID EVOLUTION IN THE OLIGOCENE – MIOCENE ASMARI FORMATION, GACHSARAN AREA, SW IRAN: PETROGRAPHIC AND ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE
Authors: Al‐Aasm I. S. , Ghazban F. , Ranjbaran M. 
Published: June 2009

Petrographic and stable isotope investigations of Oligocene‐Miocene carbonates in the Asmari Formation from the Gachsaran oilfield and surrounding area in SW Iran indicate that the carbonates have been subjected to extensive diagenesis including calcite cementation and dolomitization. Diagenetic modification occurred in different diagenetic realms ranging from marine, meteoric and finally burial.Asmari carbonates were in general deposited in a ramp setting and are represented by intertidal to subtidal deposits together with lagoonal, shoal and low‐energy deposits formed below normal wave base. Lithofacies include bioclastic grainstones, ooidal and bioclastic, foraminiferal and intraclastic packstones, and mudstones. Multiple episodes of calcite cementation, dolomitization and fracturing have affected these rocks to varying degrees and control porosity. Four types of dolomites have been identified: microcrystalline matrix replacement dolomite (D1); fine to medium crystalline matrix replacement dolomite (D2); coarse crystalline saddle‐like dolomite cement (D3); and coarse crystalline zoned dolomite cement (D4).Microcrystalline dolomites (D1) (6–12 μm) replacing micrite, allochems and calcite cements in the mud‐supported facies prior to early compaction show δ18O and δ13C values of −4.01 to +1.02‰ VPDB and −0.30 to +4.08‰ VPDB, respectively. These values are slightly depleted with respect to postulated Oligocene‐Miocene marine carbonate values, suggesting their precipitation from seawater, partly altered by later fluids. The association of this type of dolomite with primary anhydrite in intertidal facies supports dolomitization by evaporative brines.Fine to medium crystalline matrix dolomites (D2) (20–60μm) occur mostly in grainstone facies and have relatively high porosities. These dolomites formed during early burial and could be considered as recrystallized forms of D1 dolomite. Their isotopic values overlap those of D1 dolomites, implying precipitation from similar early fluids, possibly altered by meteoric fluids.Coarse crystalline saddle‐like dolomites (D3) (200–300 μm) partially or completely occlude fractures and vugs. The vugs developed through the dissolution of carbonate components and rarely matrix carbonates, while fractures developed during Zagros folding in late Oligocene to early Miocene times.A final diagenetic episode is represented by the precipitation of coarse crystalline planar e‐s zoned dolomite (D4) (80–250 μm) that occurs in fractures and vugs and also replaces earlier dolomite and post‐dates stylolitization. Fluids responsible for the formation of D3 and D4 dolomites are affected by brine enrichment and increasing temperatures due to increasing burial.Reservoir porosity is dominated by microcrystalline pore spaces in muddy, dolomitized matrix and mouldic and vuggy porosity in grainstone. Porosity was significantly enhanced by the formation of multiple fracture systems.
SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES OF THE LOWEST‐LYING EXCITED STATES OF 2‐AMINOPYRIMIDINE, CYTOSINE, URACIL AND THEIR DERIVATIVES*
Authors: Kleinwachter Vladimir , Drobnik Jaroslav , Augenstein Leroy 
Published: June 2009

Abstract— The absorption and emission spectra of pyrimidine derivatives show that sub‐stituting an amino or hydroxyl group at the 2nd and 4th positions of the pyrimidine ring (to give the derivatives found in biological systems) creates excitation patterns quite different from those for pyrimidine itself: the lowest singlet and triplet states are of (?,π*) and not (n,π*).The relative intensities of fluorescence and phosphorescence depend upon at least two factors: (a) the extent of intersystem crossing which depends mostly on the relative energies of the lowest (π,π*) singlet and lowest (n,π*) triplet states, where the energy of the latter is influenced strongly by the environment; and (b) the extent of mixing of (π,π*) and (n,π*) triplet states, which depends initially upon the closeness of the energies of the two states. The measured and inferred energies for these various states are summarized. In most cases the intensity of luminescence is lower than that found in purines, presumably much of the excitation energy is dissipated in photochemical changes. Also the lifetime of phosphorescence is shorter than in purines. Substitution at the 5th carbon increases the luminescence yield. When a bromine atom is substituted on the 5th carbon of uracil no effect on intersystem crossing is found—presumably the electron density of the π* orbital is minimal in the vicinity of the bromine. Polarization measurements show that the two lowest π‐π* transition moments in 2‐aminopyrimidine are oriented almost perpendicular to each other in the molecular plane whereas phosphorescence is polarized out of plane.
Myelodysplastic syndromes: the role of flow cytometry in diagnosis and prognosis
Authors: STETLER‐STEVENSON M. , YUAN C. M. 
Published: June 2009

SummaryFlow cytometric immunophenotypic analysis is a well‐recognized and widely accepted adjuvant test to increase the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis in potential myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) cases. In addition, flow cytometric analysis provides prognostic information in MDS that is not available from other sources. The flow cytometric findings indicative of MDS and its value is a diagnostic adjunct are discussed.
UNTERSUCHUNGEN ÜBER DIE WIRKUNG DER TRÄNENDRÜSENEXSTIRPATION AUF DIE HORNHAUT DES KANINCHENS
Authors: Nover Arno 
Published: June 2009

Zusammenfassung.Als Fortsetzung früherer Untersuchungen über die Regenerationsfähigkeit der Tränendrüse wurden am Kaninchen Teilexstirpationen derselben ausgeführt. Danach kam es in allen Fällen klinisch zu flüchtigen und meist umschriebenen oberflächlichen Hornhauttrübungen.Zu dieser Zeit stehenhistologischdegenerative Erscheinungen an der Drüsenstruktur im Vordergrund, die denen von Sjögren bei der Keratokonjunctivitis sieea des Menscehen gesehenen sehr ähnlich sind. Gleichzeitig mit dem Versehwinden der Hornhauttrüungen treten am Drüsenparenchym Neubildungserscheinungen auf, wobie sich sowohl Gangsystem als auch die eigentlichen Acini als teilungs‐und proliferationsfähig erweisen und im Laufe der Zeit endgültige sekretions fähige Drüsenzellen gebildet werden.InfunktionellerHinsicht bestätigen Messungen der Tränensekretion an diesen Tieren (Schirmer'sche Probe, Fluorescien‐Verdünnungs‐Test nach Nover und Jaeger) den kausalen Zusammenhand Zwischen Hornhautbefund und Hypofunktion der Tränendrüse.
Cytochrome oxidase activity in rat retina after exposure to 404 nm blue light*
Authors: Chen Enping , Söderberg Per G. , Lindström Bo 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTCytochrome oxidase (CYO), a key enzyme in the respiratory chain, was observed as an indicator of retinal metabolism after an in vivo blue light exposure.Thirty Sprague—Dawley rats were exposed to optic radiation of 404 nm with a retinal dose of 110kJ/m2. Immediately after exposure, the CYO activity in the pigment epithelium, in the outer and inner segments of photoreceptors, and in the outer plexiform layer of the exposed retina, was reduced to one—third—to—half of the control level. However, there was an increase in CYO activity in the exposed retina one day after exposure. One week after exposure, the CYO activity in the inner segment and the outer plexiform layer was higher, while the activity in the other two layers was lower, than that at one day, although still higher than in the control. Two weeks after exposure, the CYO activity in the four retinal layers returned to the level of the control retina, as did the activity four weeks after. After exposure, no ophthalmoscopically visible retinal change and no light‐microscopically evident morphological alterations were found. There was no retinal edema or loss of photoreceptor cells.The observed alteration in CYO activity after blue light exposure may represent an inhibition of retinal metabolism. The inhibition was reversible. If this compensation mechanism is overwhelmed, retinal damage may occur.
NUCLEAR MICROPROBE ANALYSIS OF CHLORINE AND POTASSIUM DISTRIBUTION IN BLUE‐LIGHT‐EXPOSED RAT RETINAS
Authors: Chen Enping , Pallon Jan , Yang Changyi , Knox John , Forslind Bo 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPurpose: To investigate the distribution of chlorine and potassium in the inner and outer segments of control and blue‐light‐exposed rat retinas.Methods: Rats were exposed to blue light at a retinal dose of 380 kJ/m2. The chlorine and potassium distributions were estimated with a nuclear microprobe.Results: The control retina had a high concentration of potassium and a low concentration of chlorine in the inner segments and a high concentration of chlorine and low concentration of potassium in the outer segments. After light exposure, these elements were redistributed.Conclusion: The redistribution of chlorine and potassium indicated an inactivation of Na/K‐ATPase in the inner segments during blue‐light exposure.
Confessing Faith Together in the Economy: The Accra Confession and Covenanting for Justice Movement
Authors: Sheerattan‐Bisnauth Patricia 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe world is in dire need of prophetic movements for justice and peace. A major challenge for the ecumenical movement is how to live faithfully in times of economic injustice, ecological degradation and empire. Spirituality and mission must be renewed and re‐energized with the perspectives of those who cry out for justice and those who live in the hope of Jesus, who promises fullness of life for all people. It is within this context that the World Alliance of Reformed Churches (WARC) Accra general council in 2004 rejected neoliberal economic globalization as a death‐dealing system and declared, “The integrity of our faith is at stake if we remain silent or refuse to act in the face of the current system of neoliberal economic globalization.” Reformed churches worldwide are working to build a confessing movement to respond to the Accra Confession. A theology of life is being developed from the perspectives of those who struggle with the undergirding principles of the sovereignty of God and the imperative to do justice.
Oikotree: Putting Justice at the Heart of Faith
Authors: Woods Philip 
Published: June 2009

AbstractOikotree is an ecumenical space in which a movement of those seeking to live faithfully in the midst of economic injustice and ecological destruction can take shape. Sponsored by the Council for World Mission (CWM), the World Alliance of Reformed Churches (WARC) and the World Council of Churches (WCC), Oikotree is open to individuals, local churches, peoples' movements and all who share a concern for justice and the healing of the nations. This article describes Oikotree's foundations and hopes and how transformative mission must challenge the church as well as the world.
Autoimmune Type 1 Diabetes Genetic Susceptibility Encoded by Human Leukocyte Antigen DRB1 and DQB1 Genes in Tunisia
Authors: Stayoussef Mouna , Benmansour Jihen , Al-Irhayim Abdul-Qader , Said Hichem B. , Rayana Chiheb B. , Mahjoub Touhami , Almawi Wassim Y. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACT

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II genes contribute to the genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes (T1D), and susceptible alleles and haplotypes were implicated in the pathogenesis of T1D. This study investigated the heterogeneity in HLA class II haplotype distribution among Tunisian patients with T1D. This was a retrospective case control study done in Monastir in central Tunisia. The subjects comprised 88 T1D patients and 112 healthy controls. HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 genotyping was done by PCR-sequence-specific priming. Significant DRB1 and DQB1 allelic differences were seen between T1D patients and controls; these differences comprised
DRB1*030101
and
DQB1*0302
, which were higher in T1D patients than in control subjects, and
DRB1*070101
,
DRB1*110101
,
DQB1*030101
, and
DQB1*060101
, which were lower in T1D patients than in control subjects. In addition, the frequencies of
DRB1*030101-DQB1*0201
and
DRB1*040101-DQB1*0302
were higher in T1D patients than in control subjects, and the frequencies of
DRB1*070101-DQB1*0201
and
DRB1*110101-DQB1*030101
haplotypes were lower in T1D patients than in control subjects. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed the positive association of
DRB1*030101-DQB1*0201
and
DRB1*040101-DQB1*0302
and the negative association of only
DRB1*070101-DQB1*0201
haplotypes with T1D. Furthermore, a significantly increased prevalence of
DRB1*030101-DQB1*0201
homozygotes was seen for T1D subjects than for control subjects. Our results confirm the association of specific HLA-DR and -DQ alleles and haplotypes with T1D in Tunisians. The identification of similar and unique haplotypes in Tunisians compared to other Caucasians highlights the need for evaluating the contribution of HLA class II to the genetic susceptibility to T1D with regard to haplotype usage and also to ethnic origin and racial background.
Immunogenicity of Novel DosR Regulon-Encoded Candidate Antigens of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
in Three High-Burden Populations in Africa
Authors: Black Gillian F. , Thiel Bonnie A. , Ota Martin O. , Parida Shreemanta K. , Adegbola Richard , Boom W. Henry , Dockrell Hazel M. , Franken Kees L. M. C. , Friggen Annemiek H. , Hill Philip C. , Klein Michel R. , Lalor Maeve K. , Mayanja Harriet , Schoolnik Gary , Stanley Kim , Weldingh Karin , Kaufmann Stefan H. E. , Walzl Gerhard , Ottenhoff Tom H. M. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACT

Increasing knowledge about DosR regulon-encoded proteins has led us to produce novel
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
antigens for immunogenicity testing in human populations in three countries in Africa to which tuberculosis (TB) is endemic. A total of 131 tuberculin skin test-positive and/or ESAT-6/CFP10-positive, human immunodeficiency virus-negative adult household contacts of active pulmonary TB cases from South Africa (
n
= 56), The Gambia (
n
= 26), and Uganda (
n
= 49) were tested for gamma interferon responses to 7 classical and 51 DosR regulon-encoded
M. tuberculosis
recombinant protein antigens. ESAT-6/CFP10 fusion protein evoked responses in >75% of study participants in all three countries. Of the DosR regulon-encoded antigens tested, Rv1733c was the most commonly recognized by participants from both South Africa and Uganda and the third most commonly recognized antigen in The Gambia. The four most frequently recognized DosR regulon-encoded antigens in Uganda (Rv1733c, Rv0081, Rv1735c, and Rv1737c) included the three most immunogenic antigens in South Africa. In contrast, Rv3131 induced the highest percentage of responders in Gambian contacts (38%), compared to only 3.4% of Ugandan contacts and no South African contacts. Appreciable percentages of TB contacts with a high likelihood of latent
M. tuberculosis
infection responded to several novel DosR regulon-encoded
M. tuberculosis
proteins. In addition to significant similarities in antigen recognition profiles between the three African population groups, there were also disparities, which may stem from genetic differences between both pathogen and host populations. Our findings have implications for the selection of potential TB vaccine candidates and for determining biosignatures of latent
M. tuberculosis
infection, active TB disease, and protective immunity.