bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skin Picking in Turkish students
Authors: Calıkusu C. , Kucukgoncu S. , Bestepe E. 
Published: May 2011

Skin picking (SP) behavior is characterized by repetitive episodes of scratching or picking skin causing significant tissue damage, functional deterioration and severe distress.The aim of this study was to investigate the SP frequency in and SP characteristics of the Turkish student population.MethodsAll participants, 270 students, were selected from different universities in Turkey between March 2010 and January 2010. Twenty-five students (9.2%) were excluded because of missing information. One hundred fourty-five (59.2%) of the participants were female, 100 (40.8%) were male and mean age was 22.02 ± 2.1.All participants were assessed by Skin Picking Inventory, Skin Picking Impact Scale and Skin Picking Scale which were translated to Turkish by the authors.Descriptive statistical methods were utilized for SP frequency and characteristics. Chi square analysis was utilized for distributional analyses.ResultsTwo hundred fifteen students (87.8% of total participants) endorsed engaging in SP. One hundred seven participants (43.6%) reported recurrent SP episodes defined as one or more daily SP episodes, with an estimated daily SP time of more than 5 minutes. Thirty (12.2%) students engaged in SP despite lack of any dermatological problems and felt significantly distressed, functionally impaired and had tissue damage. There was no significant difference between females and males regarding the frequency of SP (Women n = 16, 11.0%; Men n = 14, 14.0%; X2 = 0.484, p > 0.05).ConclusionOur study showed that SP is a common behavior in Turkish student population. The literature on SP behavior in student populations is limited and there is need for further research on this topic.
The association between internet addiction, dissociation, and socio-demographic features among college students
Authors: Canan F. , Ataoglu A. 
Published: May 2011

AimsThis study aims to investigate Internet addiction among young adult university students and to examine the correlation between excessive Internet use, dissociative symptoms, and socio-demographic features. University student Internet use patterns are also investigated.MethodsThe study was conducted among 1034 students, aged between 18 and 27 years, from the Duzce University. Internet Addiction Scale (IAS), Dissociative Experiences Scale, and a sociodemographic query form was employed in the collection of data. Pearson correlation analysis, the t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and chi-square test were used for data analysis.ResultsAccording to the IAS, 9.7% of the study sample was addicted to the Internet. The Internet addicts were more likely to use alcohol (p < 0.001). The pearson correlation analysis results revealed a significan positive correlation between dissociative experiences and Internet addiction (r = 0.220, p < 0.001) and weekly internet use (r = 0.227, p < 0.001). Levels of internet addiction were significantly higher among male students than females (p < 0.001). The internet use pattern also differed significantly between genders.ConclusionsAccording to the results of this study, Internet addiction is a relatively frequent phenomenon among young adult college students in Turkey. Excessive internet use is associated with higher levels of dissociative symptoms and alcohol use.
How medical student placements at a psychiatry hospital can be utilised to make psychiatry a popular career choice
Authors: Cheema F. , Leuvennink J. , Ee C. , Macklin J. , Graham J. 
Published: May 2011

It is perceived that negative attitudes towards mental illness in undergraduate medical students can impact student's decision in choosing psychiatry as a medical career. Improvement in psychiatry placements for undergraduate medical students can result in changing student's attitude towards psychiatry as a career choice. We demonstrate how students’ placements from various medical schools at a major psychiatric hospital contributed towards enhancing student's interest towards psychiatry. Medical students who had their placement over the last one year were contacted for an anonymised student perspective survey.While majority of students did not have psychiatry as their potential career choice before they started their placements more than two third rated psychiatry as a potential career choice based on their experience from the placements. This encouraged us to improve the placement standards based on student's perspective. Students suggested that more use of medical training in psychiatry, improvement in teaching and placement standards and more psychiatry placements before specialised training can contribute towards making psychiatry as one of the popular career choices. Student's preferred interactive teaching sessions including case based discussions and informal teaching sessions during ward rounds and clinics. Overall students found their placements helpful but more so to perform well in their examinations as compared to coverage of full psychiatry curriculum.It is planned to conduct the survey again after necessary changes based on student's perspective to evaluate whether further improvement in placements can continue in contributing towards increasing medical recruitment in psychiatry.
A case of delusional disorder, diagnostics and therapeutic questions
Authors: Madeira L.A. , Manarte L.F. , Guerreiro D. , Dias C. 
Published: May 2011

The Delusional disorder is uncommon, accounting for 2–8% of all hospital admissions for non-organic psychotic disorder and is usually initiated after the third decade of life. It is characterized primarily by one or more non-bizarre delusions, and according to the content of delusions, can be divided into five subtypes: persecution, jealousy, erotomanic, somatic and grandeur.We present a case of a patient with Jealousy Delusional Disorder and discuss the main difficulties that arise in the differential diagnosis and treatment.In the differential diagnosis is essential to eliminate the pathologies of organic causes that may have delusions as clinical manifestation. It is then necessary to distinguish delusion from obsessive ideas and overvalued ideas that can lead to misdiagnosis and therefore have serious implications in monitoring and treating of these patients.The subtype of jealousy seems to have a better evolution and prognosis compared with others subtypes reported.Although the Delusional Disorder present a more favorable course and usually is associated with a smaller disturbance in the overall functioning of the patients, they have a poor compliance to psychiatric treatment. So, they often stop psychiatry follow-up and discontinue therapy.
Medical comorbidity in inpatients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: prevalence and length of stay
Authors: Seretis D. , Nika S. , Nikolaidou P. , Papadopoulou A. , Douzenis A. , Lykouras E. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionMedical comorbidity in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder is associated with poor psychiatric treatment outcome and,for inpatients, with increased length of stay (LOS) -either by increasing psychiatric symptomatology or by being the focus of medical attention.ObjectivesTo assess the impact of medical comorbidity that receives medical attention (as opposed to lack of concurrent medical problems or to stable comorbidity) on clinical outcomes and LOS within two psychiatric populations.AimsTo estimate the prevalence of comorbid medical conditions in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. To test for differences, primarily in LOS and psychiatric treatment outcome, between inpatients who received care for physical problems and those who did not need to.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of consecutive voluntary admissions of 106 patients suffering from schizophrenia and 110 patients suffering from bipolar disorder (type I or II). Our main independent variable was whether or not inpatients received treatment for a medical condition after referral from the attending psychiatrist. We used GAF and CIRS-SA assessments.ResultsMost reported problems for schizophrenia patients were cardiovascular/respiratory (notably hypertension) and for bipolar patients endocrine/metabolic. Patients who received medical treatment did not differ in LOS or psychiatric outcome from those who did not receive, in either diagnosis group. 84% of bipolar patients who reported a psychiatric comorbidity received treatment for a medical problem.ConclusionsMedical care for comorbid physical problems does not impact on LOS, diagnosis being a better predictor of the latter. In bipolar disorder significant medical burden appears to be drug-induced.
Computer analysis of non verbal behavioral parameters in unipolar major depression
Authors: Enatescu V.V. , Enatescu V.R. , Enatescu I. 
Published: May 2011

Background and aimsBeside the interpretation and processing of content of communication, an important part of psychiatric diagnosis is made on behavioral signs and symptoms. While the semantic assessment of the content of thinking through communication was enriched by the development of several psychopathological scales, schedule and structured or semi-structured interviews the assessment of non verbal parameters remains uncovered. Our aims was to analyses the non verbal parameters, by an automatic system conceived by Dr. Enatescu et colab., in patients with mood disorders.MethodsThe instrument we used are: original traductors, systems of calculation and programming belonging to the artificial intelligence which create new pattern of representation of the gait, gesture, sonorous background of the speech, the dynamic of the writing which can be represented or through a matrix or in a n-dimensional space on specific clusters or to some human typology or to some psychical disorders.ResultsThe non verbal parameters processed by computer were sensible altered along with switching in the depressive states of subjects. The informatics data has had both diagnostic value and screening value for the course of unipolar depression.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that there is the chances for a new semiology which have objective paraclinic value for psychiatry field of automate analyses, nonverbal behavior parameters having the name “Extraverbale Analysis”.
Comorbidity of affective disorders
Authors: Martín Calvo M.J. , Fernández Mayo L. , García del Castillo I. , Carmona Camacho R. , Serrano Drozdowskyj E. , Ovejero García S. , Baca García E. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe studies about the comorbidity of major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) have increased in the last years. The comorbidity with Axis I psychiatric disorders complicates the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.ObjectivesTo analyze the prevalence of affective disorders associated with another Axis I psychiatric disorders to treat correctly from the beginning of the diagnosis and to improve the course of the disorder and the quality of life of these patientsMethodsThe subjects who participated in the study were diagnosed of bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder and MDD, according to DSM-IV-TR criteria. The sample (n = 114) was divided into three groups: MDD (n = 58), BD (n = 31) and a control group of healthy subjects (n = 25). The diagnosis and stability were assessed using the MINI International Neuropsyquiatric Interview and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS).ResultsBD had a significantly association with risk of suicide (38%), anxiety disorder (3.3%) and social phobia (12.9%). It was also reported a significant association between MDD and risk of suicide (71%), manic/hypomanic episodes (25.9%), anxiety disorder (37.9%), social phobia (25.9%) and generalized anxiety disorder (37.9%).ConclusionsIt is necessary for clinical practice an integrative model which takes into account the comorbidity of affective disorders to improve the response to treatment and the prognosis of these mental disorders
Validation of a web-radio station (“Radio Tab”) run by users of the Reggio Emilia mental health service: A pilot study
Authors: Mazzoni E. , Ferrari S. , Pingani L. , Zanni G. , Rigatelli M. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionA recovery-oriented mental health service system should focus on empowering people with mental illness.Aim of the studyTo analyse the feasibility of setting up a web-radio run by 13 subjects suffering from mental disorders.Materials and methodsThe patients involved in the project attended a one-year preparatory course promoted by the Province of Reggio Emilia, before the factual setting up of “Radio TAB”. After six months, each patient was asked to fill in a qualitative questionnaire addressing motivation and personal competences; opinions on the preparatory course; the identity of the radio, objectives and values shared by participants, the satisfaction they obtained from the activities and their vision of the radio then and for the future.Results•great motivation for joining the project and holding on to it•the preparatory course was judged to be effective to acquire technical, communication and interpersonal skills;•expectations and objectives of participants were consistent with the values underpinning the radio and the outcomes of the project, suggesting good internal cohesion;•a well-defined vision of the radio as a result of the work emerged, which will hopefully lead to setting up an actual workplace in future.ConclusionThe experience of “Radio TAB” could be a good example of empowerment strategies, encouraging individuals to autonomy, reintegration and sense of active citizenship.
Late onset adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Freire Lucas R.M. 
Published: May 2011

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common, genetically transmitted neurological disorder, with onset in childhood, probably mediated in part by decreased brain dopaminergic functioning. Prevalence and natural history data suggest that of the 3–10% of children diagnosed with ADHD, one-to two-thirds continue to manifest appreciable ADHD symptoms as adults, interfering in academic, professional, affective and social life. Recently, several studies have challenged DSM-IV's requirement of ADHD onset before age 7 with the questioning of the validity of the age-at onset criterion.Based on the description of a late onset ADHD clinical case (onset after the age of 7), this presentation shows a review on the recent literature about ADHD, addressing how ADHD in adults can be readily diagnosed and treated using the Wender Utah diagnostic criteria to identify adult characteristics of the disorder. This work also addresses core hypotheses of etiology and treatment. The study was based on a revision of articles from Medline/PubMed, PsycINFO and from books published in the last years.
Olfactory reference syndrome - A case report
Authors: Freitas D. , Ferreira P. , Fernandes N. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionOlfactory reference syndrome (ORS), first described by Pryse-Phillips in 1971, is a rare psychiatric condition whose defining characteristic is a preoccupation with the belief that one emits a foul or offensive body odor, which is not perceived by others. Although the existence of ORS is now widely accepted, current classifications do not explicitly mention ORS as an independent category, but consider it as a delusional disorder, somatic type. Nonetheless, given this syndrome's consistent description along time and cultures, and the associated substancial distress and disability, many authors debate the possibility of a new classification in order to establish its nosological status.Objectives/aimsThe aim of this paper is to show and discuss some troublesome and complex issues of diagnosis and management of patients with ORS.MethodsHerein we report a case of a 38-year-old woman who presented with ORS.Results/conclusionsImprovement in ORS can take place, in some extent, with a variety of different modalities of treatment, with the disorder responding to antidepressants and psychotherapy more frequently than to neuroleptics. Data on ORS are still limited and more research in this field is needed. Awareness of this particular diagnosis allows appropriate treatment to be administered.
Delusional disorder with severe weight loss
Authors: Geka A.E. , Venetis C. , Apatangelos D. , Kalimeris S. , Psarra V. , Drakonakis N. , Doulgeraki G. , Evangelatou R. , Garnetas C. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionDelusional disorder is an illness characterized by the presence of non bizarre delusions in the absence of other mood or psychotic symptoms.ObjectivesSubtypes of delusional disorder are defined as erotomanic, grandiose, jealous, persecutory, somatic, mixed and unspecified. We will present a case of somatic subtype.AimsThe core belief of somatic type of this disorder is delusions around bodily functions and sensation, the presence of an infection or a disease.MethodsWe report on a 40 years old female with delusional disorder who had a severe weight loss during last two years. Her weight was 60 kgr and she became 29 kgr. Her BMI was less than 12.She was brought to a general hospital because of her severe malnutrition and somatic symptoms such as weakness, fatigue, dizziness. Her blood exams were abnormal because of starvation. She also had amenorrhea. After taking first aid treatment from general practicians she was transferred to our psychiatric clinic with their diagnosis anorexia nervosa.Her mental status examination was normal with exception of the abnormal delusional belief that she had a serious gastroenterological disease and any food could cause her pain in stomach and other gastroenterological annoyances. She had visited at past many gastroenterologists and she had done many laboratory exams with no abnormal result. In differential diagnosis she was not anorectic because she did not like her skinny appearance and avoid looking herself at mirrors.ResultsShe was treated with olanzapine and gained weight.ConclusionsIn somatic type of delusional disorder the patient is totally convinced in physical nature of his disorder.
Stiff person syndrome and pschiatric disorders
Authors: Ghaffarinejad A. 
Published: May 2011

Stiff person syndrome is a rare neurological disorder associated with episodic muscle spasms, which could resulting in falling down and restriction of movements. They are especially sensitive to sudden sounds, stimulation, stressful events, which all of them result in muscle spasm.We described a 40 year old educated man who was diagnosed as stiff person syndrome since 3 years ago when had fell down during an important meeting. He receives IVIG and 60 mg diazepam as a treatment regimen. He referred to psychiatric clinic due to his nocturnal panic episodes.Regarding the case we want to investigate psychological problems in this rare syndrome. Rarity of disease make discussion and researches difficult, its prevalence is one individual among one million, so the analysis of patients’ history may be the best way of study. Phobias may be the most important disorders in these patients, as any noxious stimuli could provoke sever spasms, so patient may consciously automatically avoid specific situations such as steps, street, toilet etc.Avoidance could make patient phobic of being alone and being dependent on others. Patient may also experience degree of frustration and then often aggression toward others especially relatives. Depression anxiety and panic are other problems could be raised. The patient may think, the do not understand the situation.Rare syndromes potentially are accompanied by variety of psychological problems which should be tried to be understood and solved.
Improving emergency medical care for psychiatric inpatients
Authors: Gordon C. , Cheema F. , Graham J. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionAt the European Psychiatric Association's International Congress 2010, we reported on psychiatric staff confidence regarding emergency medical care in our poster: “How Well Prepared is a Psychiatric Ward for Dealing with a Medical Emergency?”. This work highlighted areas for improvement, including staff confidence and familiarity with equipment. Consequently, several aspects of practice were enhanced, including addressing training shortfalls alongside adopting a uniform layout for emergency trolleys. In order to identify improvement, the process was re-audited with a new qualitative component to gather staff opinion.ObjectivesOur primary objective was to examine whether our interventions had improved staff confidence with regard emergency medical care. Our secondary objectives included exploring staff attitudes toward delivery of such care and to identify further areas for improvement.AimsOur primary aim was to evaluate the impact of our interventions on delivery of emergency medical careMethodsOur original questionnaire survey was repeated and the results compared with those obtained previously. Additionally, a series of semi-structured qualitative interviews will be performed with staff to compliment the questionnaires.ResultsResults will be available in February 2011.ConclusionsGiven that psychiatric patients often suffer from significant physical health problems, it is imperative that staff are comfortable in delivering initial emergency medical care. We anticipate our results will demonstrate modest improvement. Clinical governance is an ongoing process, therefore the most important conclusions to be drawn will be our recommendations for future work, which will encompass the next step in our efforts to improve delivery of emergency medical care.
Effect of electroconvulsive therapy on patients hearing under treatment with ECT in Moradi hospital of Rafsanjan
Authors: Goshiri A. , Mokhtari M.R. , Aghamohammad Hassani P. , Sayyadi A. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is widely and effectively used to treat psychiatric disorders. When electrodes are placed on both sides of the head on temporal bones it is unclear whether ECT affect on hearing system because hearing system situated in temporal lobe. Whereas these electrodes are placed on temporal bone and hearing system in TEMPORAL LOBE this study was designed.MethodsWe studied the effects of electroconvulsive shock on hearing system. Audiometric tests were performed in 15 adult patients with major depression under treatment with ECT before and 24 h after ECT.ResultsHearing was decreased at 24 hours after ECT about 5 db. Right ear was affected more and the most changes were observed at 8000 khz.ConclusionsIt appears that electroconvulsive shock has early effects on hearing system. Further studies should be performed with more cases and Delayed effects should be investigated.
The working model of doctors should be changed immediately
Authors: Han-You X. 
Published: May 2011

PurposeThe paper is to improve the quality of life and health of the peoples of the world by fostering and maintaining high standards of care in general practice/family medicine and other clinicians.MethodBy comparing the general practitioners/family physicians with the other clinicians of specialities, summarizing the shortcomings of present health care services of clinicians of specialities, the proposals for promoting health care services and the working model of doctors around the world were suggested.ResultsThe article initiates that the values of general practice/family medicine should be fostered into other clinicians when all the clinicians take care of the patients in any conditions, critical or ordinary, by adopting to the values of general practice/family medicine. While the clinicians also take into account of their own specialities. The author outlines how the working model of doctors will be changed.ConclusionsIn applying these proposals, a healthy world and high quality of life of the peoples of the world will come soon after the working model of doctors is changed into right. So the quality of life and health of the peoples of the world can be promoted and enhanced.