bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospects for the Diode Laser Market
Authors: Bonati Guido 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAfter 15 years of research and development diode lasers have made their way from an enthusiastic approach to a workhorse of modern laser‐based manufacturing. The first devices have been unable to operate at much more than some milliwatts even far below room temperature. Significant funding, continuous research and, finally, industry‐driven improvements caused by the increasing needs of applications show the expected effects. this article provides an outlook on developments in the diode laser market.
High‐Speed Laser Processing in Thin‐Film Module Manufacturing
Authors: Hueske Marc 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe key in thin‐film module production is reduced costs per Wattpeak (Wp). This can be achieved by cost‐effective production steps, shorter cycle times and enhanced module efficiency. Module efficiency depends on the weakest cell and active module area. That is the reason why high precision scribing is gaining in importance. Reducing cycle time is feasible by process parallelization and increasing process speed. This paper presents a summary of current laser processes in thin‐film module production.
Validation of a current definition of early allograft dysfunction in liver transplant recipients and analysis of risk factors
Authors: Olthoff Kim M. , Kulik Laura , Samstein Benjamin , Kaminski Mary , Abecassis Michael , Emond Jean , Shaked Abraham , Christie Jason D. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Translational studies in liver transplantation often require an endpoint of graft function or dysfunction beyond graft loss. Prior definitions of early allograft dysfunction (EAD) vary, and none have been validated in a large multicenter population in the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) era. We examined an updated definition of EAD to validate previously used criteria, and correlated this definition with graft and patient outcome. We performed a cohort study of 300 deceased donor liver transplants at 3 U.S. programs. EAD was defined as the presence of one or more of the following previously defined postoperative laboratory analyses reflective of liver injury and function: bilirubin ≥10mg/dL on day 7, international normalized ratio ≥1.6 on day 7, and alanine or aspartate aminotransferases >2000 IU/L within the first 7 days. To assess predictive validity, the EAD definition was tested for association with graft and patient survival. Risk factors for EAD were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Overall incidence of EAD was 23.2%. Most grafts met the definition with increased bilirubin at day 7 or high levels of aminotransferases. Of recipients meeting the EAD definition, 18.8% died, as opposed to 1.8% of recipients without EAD (relative risk = 10.7 [95% confidence interval: 3.6, 31.9] P < 0.0001). More recipients with EAD lost their grafts (26.1%) than recipients with no EAD (3.5%) (relative risk = 7.4 [95% confidence interval: 3.4, 16.3] P < 0.0001). Donor age and MELD score were significant EAD risk factors in a multivariate model. In summary a simple definition of EAD using objective posttransplant criteria identified a 23% incidence, and was highly associated with graft loss and patient mortality, validating previously published criteria. This definition can be used as an endpoint in translational studies aiming to identify mechanistic pathways leading to a subgroup of liver grafts with clinical expression of suboptimal function. Liver Transpl 16:943-949, 2010. © 2010 AASLD.
Rigidity of the critical point equation
Authors: Hwang Seungsu , Chang Jeongwook , Yun Gabjin 
Published: April 2010

AbstractOn a compact n ‐dimensional manifold M, it was shown that a critical point metric g of the total scalar curvature functional, restricted to the space of metrics with constant scalar curvature of volume 1, satisfies the critical point equation ([5], p. 3222). In 1987 Besse proposed a conjecture in his book [1], p. 128, that a solution of the critical point equation is Einstein (Conjecture A, hereafter). Since then, number of mathematicians have contributed for the proof of Conjecture A and obtained many geometric consequences as its partial proofs. However, none has given its complete proof yet.The purpose of the present paper is to prove Theorem 1, stating that a compact 3‐dimensional manifold M is isometric to the round 3‐sphere S3 if ker s′*g ≠ 0 and its second homology vanishes. Note that this theorem implies that M is Einstein and hence that Conjecture A holds on a 3‐dimensional compact manifold under certain topological conditions (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the existence of bounded noncontinuable solutions
Authors: Bartušek Miroslav 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis paper presents necessary and sufficient conditions for an n ‐th order differential equation to have a non‐continuable solution with finite limits of its derivatives up to the order l at the right‐hand end point of the interval of its definition, l ≤ n – 2 (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Developmental timing of mRNA translation—integration of distinct regulatory elements
Authors: MacNicol Melanie C. , MacNicol Angus M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractTargeted mRNA translation is emerging as a critical mechanism to control gene expression during developmental processes. Exciting new findings have revealed a critical role for regulatory elements within the mRNA untranslated regions to direct the timing of mRNA translation. Regulatory elements can be targeted by sequence‐specific binding proteins to direct either repression or activation of mRNA translation in response to developmental signals. As new regulatory elements continue to be identified it has become clear that targeted mRNAs can contain multiple regulatory elements, directing apparently contradictory translational patterns. How is this complex regulatory input integrated? In this review, we focus on a new challenge area—how sequence‐specific RNA binding proteins respond to developmental signals and functionally integrate to regulate the extent and timing of target mRNA translation. We discuss current understanding with a particular emphasis on the control of cell cycle progression that is mediated through a complex interplay of distinct mRNA regulatory elements during Xenopus oocyte maturation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 77: 662–669, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sensory ataxic neuropathy with dysarthria and ophthalmoparesis (SANDO) in late life due to compound heterozygous POLG mutations
Authors: Weiss Michael D. , Saneto Russell P. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMissense mutations in the gene for polymerase γ 1 (POLG1) cause a number of phenotypically heterogeneous mitochondrial diseases, most commonly progressive external ophthalmoplegia, and are characterized by the accumulation of multiple, large‐scale deletions of mitochondrial DNA. The triad of sensory ataxic neuropathy, dysarthria, and ophthalmoparesis (SANDO) has been demonstrated in a small subset of patients with POLG1 mutations. We report a sporadic case of an 80‐year‐old compound heterozygote man who presented with SANDO and was found to have three known pathogenic mutations in the POLG1 gene (p.T251I/p.P587L/p.G848S). To our knowledge, none of these mutations have been demonstrated previously in SANDO. This patient's late presentation illustrates that a mitochondrial disorder should be considered regardless of age if the clinical symptoms warrant. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Direct immunofluoresence in vasculitic neuropathy: Specificity of vascular immune deposits
Authors: Collins Michael P. , Periquet‐Collins Isabel , Sahenk Zarife , Kissel John T. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn suspected vasculitic neuropathy, vasculitis is demonstrated in only 30% of superficial peroneal nerve (SPN)/peroneus brevis muscle (PBM) specimens. Pathologic predictors of vasculitis are thus needed for non‐diagnostic cases. Immune deposits in epineurial vessels have an established sensitivity but unknown specificity. In this study we assessed specificity using direct immunofluorescence (DIF) in SPN/PBM biopsies for suspected vasculitic neuropathy. Biopsies from 13 patients with vasculitis, 13 without vasculitis, and 6 with diabetic radiculoplexus neuropathy (DRPN) were stained for immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, and complement 3 (C3), and analyzed in a blinded manner. Vascular immunoglobulin or C3 deposits occurred in 12 of 13 nerve or muscle biopsies (11 of 13 nerves, 5 of 13 muscles) in vasculitis vs. 1 of 13 (1 of 13 nerves, 0 of 13 muscles) in controls (P= 0.00003). Specificity was 92%. For DRPN, vascular immune deposits occurred in 5 of 6 nerves or muscles (4 of 6 nerves, 1 of 5 muscles), similar to vasculitis but significantly different from controls. Epineurial/perimysial vascular deposits of immunoglobulin/C3 by DIF are a specific marker of vasculitic neuropathy. Muscle Nerve 000:000–000, 2009
Effectiveness of tamsulosin hydrochloride and its mechanism in improving nocturia associated with lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Yoshida Masaki , Inadome Akito , Masunaga Koichi , Nagata Takashi , Yoshiyasu Takashi 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the action mechanism of α1‐receptor blockers in improving nocturia, we have studied effectiveness of tamsulosin hydrochloride (TAM) in the patients with nocturia associated with lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH).MethodsLUTS/BPH patients with nocturia (nocturnal frequency ≥2 times per day) were administered TAM (0.2 mg/day) for 8 weeks. A frequency volume chart (FVC), the International Prostate Symptom Score (I‐PSS), quality of life (QOL) index, post‐void residual, and uroflowmetry were recorded before and after TAM administration for the patients. The parameters affected by TAM were examined.ResultsThe FVC and I‐PSS of the 160 patients analyzed revealed significant clinical improvements in the nocturnal frequency. On the basis of the FVC, the patients were divided into two groups: the responder group comprising 97 patients with significantly improved nocturnal frequency and the non‐responder group comprising 63 patients with less improvement in the nocturnal frequency. Significant differences between groups were observed in the following parameters: the hours of undisturbed sleep (HUS), the interval between the time of sleeping and the first instance of nocturnal voiding, the volume of urine in the first nocturnal voiding episode, nocturnal urine volume, nocturnal polyuria index, daytime urine volume, maximum and average flow rates, and post‐void residual.ConclusionsTAM improved the QOL of LUTS/BPH patients by significantly reducing the nocturnal frequency and increasing HUS; moreover, it improved nocturia by decreasing the nocturnal urine volume. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:1276–1281, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rh2 or its aglycone aPPD in combination with docetaxel for treatment of prostate cancer
Authors: Musende Alain G. , Eberding Andy , Jia William , Ramsay Euan , Bally Marcel B. , Guns Emma Tomlinson 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDDocetaxel is one of the few chemotherapeutic drugs that are considered highly effective when used to treat prostate cancer patients that have relapsed and/or metastatic disease, it is therefore reasonable to expect further improvements in treatment outcomes when it is combined with other therapeutic agents active in prostate cancer. This study assesses the combination of well tolerated and orally bioavailable formulations of ginsenoside Rh2 or its aglycone aPPD with docetaxel.METHODSThe in vitro activity of Rh2, aPPD, and docetaxel was determined in four prostate cancer cell lines: PC‐3, LNCaP, DU145, and C4‐2. Combinations of Rh2 or aPPD with docetaxel were assessed using the constant ratio combination design. Combination Indices (CI) and Dose Reduction Indices (DRI) were subsequently estimated using Calcusyn™. In vivo efficacy studies and Immunohistochemical analyses (PC‐3 model) were also evaluated.RESULTSIn PC‐3, DU145 and C4‐2 prostate cancer cells combinations of Rh2 or aPPD with docetaxel were predominantly additive or synergistic. Combinations of Rh2 + docetaxel and aPPD + docetaxel caused established PC‐3 tumors to regress from their initial size by 15% and 27%, respectively. Tumor cell proliferation rate (measured by Ki‐67 positive cells) was significantly lower for combinations of Rh2 + docetaxel and aPPD + docetaxel, compared to animals treated with docetaxel alone.CONCLUSIONSRh2 and aPPD can be combined with docetaxel to yield additive or synergistic activity in vitro and in vivo. Pending further assessment of toxicity and pharmacodynamic behavior, this study supports testing of combinations of ginsenoside Rh2 or its aglycone aPPD with docetaxel in a clinical setting. Prostate 70: 1437–1447, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pentacoordinated phosphorus revisited by high‐level QM/MM calculations
Authors: Marcos Enrique , Field Martin J. , Crehuet Ramon 
Published: April 2010

AbstractEnzymes catalyzing phosphoryl transfer reactions are extremely efficient and are involved in crucial biochemical processes. The mechanisms of these enzymes are complex due to the diversity of substrates that are involved. The reaction can proceed through a pentacoordinated phosphorus species that is either a stable intermediate or a transition state (TS). Because of this, the first X‐ray structure of a pentacoordinated phosphorus intermediate in the β‐phosphoglucomutase enzyme aroused great interest but also much controversy. To provide new insights into the nature of that structure, we have determined the reaction path of the phosphorylation step using high‐level QM/MM calculations, and have also calculated the geometry of a complex with a transition state analogue (TSA) that has been suggested to be the actual species in the crystal. The protein crystalline environment has been modeled so as to mimic the experimental conditions. We conclude that the pentacoordinated phosphorus formed in this enzyme is not a stable species but a TS, which gives an activation energy for phosphorylation in agreement with kinetic results. We also show that the TSA is a good mimic of the true TS. We have performed a new crystallographic refinement of the original diffraction map of the pentacoordinated phosphorus structure with the MgF TSA. The new fit improves significantly with respect to the original one, which strongly supports that Allen and coworkers wrongly assigned the X‐ray structure to a pentavalent phosphorane. Proteins 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Considerations for the incorporation of measured surfaces in finite element models
Authors: Thompson Mary Kathryn , Thompson John M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis work discusses some of the benefits, techniques, challenges, and considerations associated with the incorporation of measured surfaces in finite element (FE) models including how much surface data to measure and import into the model, the shape of the surface geometry to create, the presence and effect of surface layers and impurities, the required mesh density for rough surfaces, the nature of the element formulations and material properties at small length scales, the differences between measurement and FE coordinate systems, the limitations and idealizations of the FE method, issues associated with boundary conditions and their ability to impose or prevent conformal contact, and issues associated with the size of the pinball region and the contact stiffness relative to the nature of the surface. It also describes some current and future research directions that can be used to validate and expand existing techniques and to improve our understanding of surface phenomena. SCANNING 32: 183–198, 2010. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Flame retardation and thermal degradation of intumescent flame‐retarded polypropylene composites containing spirophosphoryldicyandiamide and ammonium polyphosphate
Authors: Xiang Haiwang , Sun Caiying , Jiang Dawei , Zhang Qingbo , Dong Chunmei , Liu Lei 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA novel halogen‐free intumescent flame retardant, spirophosphoryldicyandiamide (SPDC), was synthesized and combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to produce a compound intumescent flame retardant (IFR). This material was used in polypropylene (PP) to obtain IFR‐PP systems whose flammability and thermal behavior were studied by the limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, UL‐94, thermogravimetric analysis, and cone calorimetry. In addition, the mechanical properties of the systems were investigated. The results indicated that the compound intumescent flame retardant showed both excellent flame retardancy and antidripping ability for PP when the two main components of the IFR coexisted in appropriate proportions. The optimum flame retardant formulation was SPDC:APP = 3:1, which gave an LOI value of 38.5 and a UL‐94 V‐0 rating. Moreover, the heat release rate, production of CO, smoke production rate, and mass loss rate of the IFR‐PP with the optimum formulation decreased significantly relative to those of pure PP, according to the cone calorimeter analysis. The char residues from the cone calorimetry experiments were observed by scanning electron microscopy, which showed that a homogeneous and compact intumescent char layer was formed. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Acrylamide‐based anionic polyelectrolytes and their applications: A survey
Authors: Rabiee A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWater‐soluble polymers are found in a very broad range of industrial applications. An important class of these is acrylamide‐based polymers which bear negative charges along the polymer chain and are called anionic polyelectrolytes. These negatively charged polymers are widely used as flocculants, rheology control agents, and adhesives. They are employed especially in oil field operations as viscosity control agents for enhanced oil recovery and to a lesser degree in engineering fluids used for lubrication, for effluent reclaiming, and for opening oil passage channels in oil‐bearing rock. Paper manufacture, mining, and water treatment processes also benefit from the use of acrylamide‐based polymers to flocculate solids in aqueous dispersions. The acrylamide‐based polymers are made by the free‐radical polymerization of acrylamide and its derivatives via bulk, solution, precipitation, suspension, emulsion, and copolymerization techniques. Among these, solution polymerization is a preferred technique because of difficulty with temperature and agitation control in bulk polymerization and the cost of surfactants and solvents for suspension, emulsion, and precipitation polymerization. The anionic polymers may interact with particles in aqueous dispersions in several ways that result in the stability or instability of the dispersions. The particles in solid‐liquid phases can be destabilized through three main mechanisms which promote flocculation and cause destabilization. These mechanisms are polymer bridging, charge neutralization, and polymer adsorption. The particles in solid‐liquid phases can be stabilized by the anionic polymers through both electrostatic and steric repulsive forces. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Morphological, mechanical, and rheological studies of PVC/ABS blends in the presence of maleic anhydride
Authors: Hosseinpour Pegah Mohammad , Morshedian Jalil , Barikani Mehdi , Azizi Hamed , Pakdaman Ali Sharif 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA novel method of enhancing compatibility in PVC/ABS blends is the use of ABS‐grafted‐(maleic anhydride) (ABS‐g‐MAH) as a compatibilizer. In this study, maleic anhydride was grafted onto ABS (initiated by peroxide) in an internal mixer. Grafting degree was determined by a back‐titration method, and certain amounts of the resultant ABS‐g‐MAH were added to PVC/ABS blends during their melt blending in the mixer. The weight ratio of PVC to ABS was kept at 70:30. Evaluation of compatibilization was accomplished via tensile and notched Izod impact tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and rheological studies. According to the SEM micrographs, better dispersion of the rubber phase and its finer size in properly compatibilized blends were indications of better compatibility. Besides, in the presence of a proper amount [5 parts per hundred parts of PVC (php)] of ABS‐g‐MAH, PVC/ABS blends showed significantly higher impact strengths than uncompatibilized blends. This result, in turn, would be an indication of better compatibility. In the presence of 5 php of compatibilizer, the higher complex viscosity and storage modulus, as well as a lower loss modulus and loss factor in the range of frequency studied, indicated stronger interfacial adhesion as a result of interaction between maleic anhydride and the PVC‐SAN matrix. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Comparative study of the effects of chlorinated polyethylene and acrylic impact modifier on the thermal degradation of poly(vinyl chloride) compounds and poly(vinyl chloride)/(oil palm empty fruit bunch) composites
Authors: Abu Bakar Aznizam , Hassan Azman , Mohd Yusof Ahmad Fuad 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe effects of chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) and acrylic impact modifier (AIM) on the thermal degradation of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) compounds and composites were investigated. The amounts of AIM and CPE used were fixed at 9 parts per hundred parts of resin (phr), while oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fiber content was increased from 0 to 40 phr. To produce composites, the PVC formulations were dry‐blended by using a laboratory blender before being milled into sheets on a two‐roll mill at 165°C. The milled sheets were then hot‐pressed at 180°C. The thermal degradation of the specimens was evaluated by using thermogravimetry in a nitrogen environment. Thermal stability of the PVC/CPE compounds and PVC/CPE/OPEFB composites was improved by the addition of CPE. The CPE retarded the dehydrochlorination of PVC. However, the stabilization effect was reduced by the incorporation of OPEFB at levels of 30 and 40 phr. The presence of AIM accelerated the dehydrochlorination of PVC/AIM compounds and PVC/AIM/OPEFB composites. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Spatio‐temporal processes
Authors: Harvill Jane L. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe present an overview of the literature on the analysis of spatio‐temporal processes with a nonseparable covariance structure. We focus on those methods that rely heavily on computing for the estimation or inference. Topics are classified into frequentist approaches, which rely on expectation–maximization algorithms, and hierarchical Bayesian approaches, which rely on Markov chain Monte Carlo. We also present discussions on other computational issues related to the analysis of spatio‐temporal data. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:Data: Types and Structure > Time Series, Stochastic Processes, and Functional Data
Identification of Glucosylceramides Containing Sphingatrienine in Maize and Rice Using Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Sugawara Tatsuya , Duan Jingjing , Aida Kazuhiko , Tsuduki Tsuyoshi , Hirata Takashi 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe characterized the glucosylceramide moieties from maize and rice using liquid chromatography‐ion trap mass spectrometry. Glucosylceramides containing 4,8‐sphingadienine (d18:2) acylated to hydroxy‐fatty acids were detected as the predominant molecules both in maize and in rice. In addition, 4‐hydroxy‐8‐sphingenine (t18:1) and sphingatrienine (d18:3) were found in maize and rice glucosylceramides, and in the case of rice, sphingenine (d18:1) was also detected. Glucosylceramides containing d18:3 were acylated to hydroxyl fatty acids (16–24 carbon atoms). Our results indicate the presence of the triene type of sphingoid base in higher plants.