bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel small-scale self-focusing suppression method for post-compression in high peak power lasers
Authors: Pan Shuren , Wu Fenxiang , Zhao Yang , Hu Jiabing , Zhang Zongxin , Xu Yi , Leng Yuxin , Li Ruxin , Khazanov Efim 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A novel method, combining an asymmetric four-grating compressor (AFGC) with pulse post-compression, is numerically demonstrated to improve the spatial uniformity of laser beams and hence to suppress small-scale self-focusing (SSSF) during the beam propagation in nonlinear materials of high peak power lasers. The spatial uniformity of laser beams is an important factor in performing post-compression, due to the spatial intensity modulation, or hot spots will be aggravated during the nonlinear propagation and then seriously damage the subsequent optical components. Three-dimensional numerical simulations of post-compression are implemented based on a femtosecond laser with a standard compressor and an AFGC, respectively. The simulated results indicate that post-compression with the AFGC can efficiently suppress the SSSF and also shorten the laser pulses from 30 fs to sub-10 fs. This work can provide a promising route to overcome the challenge of SSSF and will be meaningful to promote the practical application of the post-compression technique in high peak power lasers.
A REMARK ON THE N-INVARIANT GEOMETRY OF BOUNDED HOMOGENEOUS DOMAINS
Authors: GEATTI LAURA , IANNUZZI ANDREA 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLet
$\mathbf {D}$
be a bounded homogeneous domain in
${\mathbb {C}}^n$
. In this note, we give a characterization of the Stein domains in
$\mathbf {D}$
which are invariant under a maximal unipotent subgroup N of
$Aut(\mathbf {D})$
. We also exhibit an N-invariant potential of the Bergman metric of
$\mathbf {D}$
, expressed in a Lie theoretical fashion. These results extend the ones previously obtained by the authors in the symmetric case.
Evolutionary map of the universe (EMU): Observations of filamentary structures in the Abell S1136 galaxy cluster
Authors: Macgregor Peter J. , Norris Ray P. , O’Brien Andrew , Akhlaghi Mohammad , Anderson Craig , Collier Jordan D. , Crawford Evan J. , Duchesne Stefan W. , Filipović Miroslav D. , Koribalski Bärbel S. , Pacaud Florian , Reiprich Thomas H. , Riseley Christopher J. , Rudnick Lawrence , Vernstrom Tessa , Hopkins Andrew M. , Johnston-Hollitt Melanie , Marvil Josh , Whiting Matthew , Tingay Steven 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We present radio observations of the galaxy cluster Abell S1136 at 888 MHz, using the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder radio telescope, as part of the Evolutionary Map of the Universe Early Science program. We compare these findings with data from the Murchison Widefield Array, XMM-Newton, the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, the Digitised Sky Survey, and the Australia Telescope Compact Array. Our analysis shows the X-ray and radio emission in Abell S1136 are closely aligned and centered on the Brightest Cluster Galaxy, while the X-ray temperature profile shows a relaxed cluster with no evidence of a cool core. We find that the diffuse radio emission in the centre of the cluster shows more structure than seen in previous low-resolution observations of this source, which appeared formerly as an amorphous radio blob, similar in appearance to a radio halo; our observations show the diffuse emission in the Abell S1136 galaxy cluster contains three narrow filamentary structures visible at 888 MHz, between

$\sim$

80 and 140 kpc in length; however, the properties of the diffuse emission do not fully match that of a radio (mini-)halo or (fossil) tailed radio source.
An introduction to linkage fabrics and their application as programmable materials
Authors: Ransley Mark , Partik Christian , Porte Elze , Ploszajski Anna , Jackson Richard , Oldfrey Ben , Purkiss Danielle , Michalska Martyna , Miodownik Mark 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Linkage fabrics are gaining in popularity and finding applications in architecture, aerospace, healthcare, and fashion because they can deliver materials with bespoke flexibility and strength through the geometric design of linkage nodes. In this article, we provide a perspective on linkage fabrics as a new class of programmable materials. We describe the theory and design principles of these linkage fabrics and show how they can be designed and simulated using digital tools, and fabricated using 3D printing. This digital approach overcomes a major obstacle to the adoption of these materials, namely their complexity. We show how simulation methods can be verified and calibrated through experimental testing. This perspective article also discusses design-led research challenges for linkage fabrics such as the development of wearable assistive devices for those with physical disabilities.
Animal Politics or Animal Police? Islamophobia and Animal Advocacy Politics
Authors: Jung Mariska , Huijzer Jouke 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlthough there is increasing academic attention for the rise of Animal Advocacy Parties (AAPs), existing accounts overlook their emergence in the context of the politicization of race and religion. This contribution deploys Rancière’s political thought combined with a critical race theoretical lens to analyze the project of the leading AAP after which most international sister parties are modeled: the Dutch Party for the Animals. We find that the party on the one hand disrupts the anthropocentrism characteristic for the Dutch social and political order but on the other hand affirms and contributes to the policing and racialization of Muslims. This became most apparent in their proposal to ban unstunned religious slaughter. We demonstrate that this proposal was part of the party’s general inability to recognize the contemporaneous logics of race and religion. This leads us to conceptualize the party’s project as a colorblind, or in non-ableist terms, color-evasive animal politics.
Horizontal Chemistry
Authors: DiMeo Michelle , Gregory Andrew , James Frank A.J. L. , Quirke Viviane 
Published: May 2024

In 1976 Raymond Williams commented, ‘Culture is one of the two or three most complicated words in the English language.’ Such implied difficulty has not prevented Bloomsbury Academic, since the 2000s, from publishing around forty series of their well-produced and generously illustrated Cultural Histories, with, according to their website, a further fifty in progress. Each series contains six volumes, each book covering, in theory, the same chronological period (antiquity, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, the Enlightenment, the age of empire and the modern age), though there is some variation depending on precise topic. The idea is that one can use these books not only to read ‘horizontally’ about a subject across time, but also ‘vertically’ through different subjects in the same period – a idea made easier by the e-texts of the series on Bloomsbury's website.
Introduction to the assessment and management of persistent postural-perceptual dizziness
Authors: Kaski Diego 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivePersistent postural-perceptual dizziness classifies patients with chronic dizziness, often triggered by an acute episode of vestibular dysfunction or threat to balance. Unsteadiness and spatial disorientation vary in intensity but persist for over three months, exacerbated by complex visual environments.MethodLiterature suggests diagnosis relies on a clinical history of persistent subjective dizziness and normal vestibular and neurological examination findings. Behavioural diagnostic biomarkers have been proposed, to facilitate diagnosis.ResultsResearch has focused on understanding the neural mechanisms that underpin this perceptual disorder, with imaging data supporting altered connectivity between neural brain networks that process vision, motion and emotion. Behavioural research identified the perceptual and motor responses to a heightened perception of imbalance.ConclusionManagement utilises head and body motion detection, and downregulation of visual motion excitability, reducing postural hypervigilance and anxiety. Combinations of physical and cognitive therapies, with antidepressant medications, help if the condition is associated with mood disorder.
Food insecurity and suicidal behaviours among Bangladeshi university students: a multi-institutional cross-sectional study
Authors: Roy Nitai , Aktarujjaman Md. , Siddiky Aysha , Mollick Kakali , Imran Sultan Mahmud , Mamun Mohammed A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Suicidal behaviours among students pose a significant public health concern, with mental health problems being well-established risk factors. However, the association between food insecurity (FIS) and suicidal behaviours remains understudied, particularly in Bangladesh. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between FIS and suicidal behaviours among Bangladeshi university students.

Design:
A cross-sectional survey using convenience sampling was conducted between August 2022 and September 2022. Information related to socio-demographics, mental health problems, FIS and related events and suicidal behaviours were collected. Chi-squared tests and multivariable logistic regression models, both unadjusted and adjusted, were employed to examine the relationship between FIS and suicidal behaviour.

Setting:
Six public universities in Bangladesh.

Participants:
This study included 1480 students from diverse academic disciplines.

Results:
A substantial proportion of respondents experienced FIS, with 75·5 % reporting low or very low food security. Students experiencing FIS had a significantly higher prevalence of suicidal ideation, plans and attempts compared with food-secure students (18·6 % v. 2·8 %, 8·7 % v. 0·8 % and 5·4 % v. 0·3 %, respectively; all P < 0·001). In addition, students who have personal debt and participate in food assistance programmes had a higher risk of suicidal behaviours.

Conclusions:
This study highlights the association between FIS and suicidal behaviours among university students. Targeted mental health screening, evaluation and interventions within universities may be crucial for addressing the needs of high-risk students facing FIS.
Reduced adsorption of dicamba spray droplets on leaves as droplet size increases
Authors: Creech Cody F. , Kruger Greg R. , Oliveira Milena , Easterly Amanda C. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Off-target movement of growth regulator herbicides can cause severe injury to susceptible plants. Apart from not spraying on windy days or at excessive boom heights, making herbicide applications using nozzles that produce large droplets is the preferred method for reducing herbicide drift. Although large droplets maintain a higher velocity and are more likely to reach the leaf surface in windy conditions, their ability to remain on the leaf surface is poorly understood. Upon impact with the leaf surface, droplets may shatter, bounce, roll off, or be retained on the leaf surface. We examined how different nozzles, pressures, and adjuvants impact spray droplet adsorption on the leaf surface of common lambsquarters and soybean. Plants were grown in a greenhouse and sprayed in a spray chamber. Three nozzles (XR, AIXR, and TTI) were evaluated at 138, 259, and 379 kPa, respectively. Dicamba (0.14 kg ae ha−1) was applied alone and with methylated seed oil (MSO), a non-ionic surfactant, silicone-based adjuvant, crop oil concentrate, or a drift reduction adjuvant. A 1,3,6,8-pyrene tetra sulfonic acid tetra sodium salt was added as a tracer. Dicamba spray droplet adsorption when using the XR nozzle, which produced the smallest spray droplets, was 1.75 times greater than when applied with the TTI nozzle with the largest spray droplets. Applying dicamba with MSO increased adsorption on leaf surfaces nearly 4 times the amount achieved without an adjuvant. The lowest application pressure (138 kPa) increased dicamba spray volume adsorbed more than 10% compared to the higher pressures of 259 and 379 kPa. By understanding the impacts of these application parameters on dicamba spray droplet adsorption, applicators can select application parameters, equipment, and adjuvants that will maximize the amount of dicamba spray volume retained on the target leaf surface while minimizing dicamba spray drift.
Contributions by USDA to weed science before 1900
Authors: Byrd John , Zaccaro-Gruener Maria L. , Wright-Smith Hannah , Randell-Singleton Taylor 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
All field scientists involved with weed management understand the importance of accurate weed identification and appreciate the need for widely recognized common names. USDA played a pivotal and critical role with the effort to advance our discipline while weed science was in its infancy.
Merged and Gridded GPM and Atmospheric River Data Product
Authors: Mateling Marian E. , Pettersen Claire , Mattingly Kyle , Ringerud Sarah 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission Core Observatory satellite launched in 2014 as a joint mission between National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and JAXA. Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) has, since that time, provided continuous, valuable dual‐frequency radar and passive microwave radiometer observations. Here, we introduce a gridded data set of collocated GPM Core Observatory observational products merged with a reanalysis‐derived Atmospheric river (AR) data set in the North Atlantic and North Pacific sectors. The three data sets that are merged and gridded are: (a) the NASA Goddard Profiling (GPROF) precipitation product, which uses GPM passive microwave radiometer observations to derive surface precipitation rates, (b) a water vapor data product derived from the GPM Core Observatory radiometer, provided by Remote Sensing Systems (RSS), and (c) the Mattingly et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jd028714) AR data set that is specifically tuned to the high‐latitude regions. This novel merged data set spans from May 2014 to December 2022 with plans to update annually through 2026 at minimum. This gridded product combines RSS passive water vapor and precipitation estimates with coincident AR detection. This data product benefits the scientific community by providing (a) user‐friendly gridded satellite data compared to standard satellite data sets, while maintaining high temporal resolution, and (b) coincident satellite observations to assess the link between ARs and precipitation.
Euphotic Zone Residence Time of Antarctic Bottom Water
Authors: Xie Yinghuan , Spence Paul , Corney Stuart , Tamsitt Veronica , Dawson Hannah R. S. , Schmidt Christina , Bach Lennart T. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAntarctic Bottom Water (AABW) transports surface nutrients deep into the ocean, sequestering them for centuries. Enhancing its biological carbon fixation could augment carbon sinks and reduce atmospheric CO2. Yet, it is uncertain if AABW receives enough light for significant photosynthesis before subducting. Using Lagrangian particle tracking in an ocean sea‐ice model, we found: (a) 70% (66%–73%, depending on euphotic zone (Zeu) criteria) nutrient rich circumpolar deep water never enters the Zeu before becoming AABW. This percentage varies from 70% to 91%, depending on the mixed layer (ML) parameterization adjustments; (b) The remaining particles in the euphotic zone have 39 (34–49, depending on Zeu criteria) days average residence time. The time is not sensitive to ML parameterization strength but turning it off doubles the time; and (c) AABW is mainly exposed to enough light on the Antarctic continental shelf during spring and summer. We conclude that the potential of biotic carbon sequestration in AABW is highly limited by light energy.
The Effect of Coupling Between CLUBB Turbulence Scheme and Surface Momentum Flux on Global Wind Simulations
Authors: Gentile Emanuele Silvio , Zhao Ming , Larson Vincent E. , Zarzycki Colin , Tan Zhihong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe higher‐order turbulence scheme, Cloud Layers Unified by Binormals (CLUBB), is known for effectively simulating the transition from cumulus to stratocumulus clouds within leading atmospheric climate models. This study investigates an underexplored aspect of CLUBB: its capacity to simulate near‐surface winds and the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL), with a particular focus on its coupling with surface momentum flux. Using the GFDL atmospheric climate model (AM4), we examine two distinct coupling strategies, distinguished by their handling of surface momentum flux during the CLUBB's stability‐driven substepping performed at each atmospheric time step. The static coupling maintains a constant surface momentum flux, while the dynamic coupling adjusts the surface momentum flux at each CLUBB substep based on the CLUBB‐computed zonal and meridional wind speed tendencies. Our 30‐year present‐day climate simulations (1980–2010) show that static coupling overestimates 10‐m wind speeds compared to both control AM4 simulations and reanalysis, particularly over the Southern Ocean (SO) and other midlatitude ocean regions. Conversely, dynamic coupling corrects the static coupling 10‐m winds biases in the midlatitude regions, resulting in CLUBB simulations achieving there an excellent agreement with AM4 simulations. Furthermore, analysis of PBL vertical profiles over the SO reveals that dynamic coupling reduces downward momentum transport, consistent with the found wind‐speed reductions. Instead, near the tropics, dynamic coupling results in minimal changes in near‐surface wind speeds and associated turbulent momentum transport structure. Notably, the wind turning angle serves as a valuable qualitative metric for assessing the impact of changes in surface momentum flux representation on global circulation patterns.
METTL7A-mediated m6A modification of corin reverses bisphosphonates-impaired osteogenic differentiation of orofacial BMSCs
Authors: Jin Yizhou , Han Xiao , Wang Yuejun , Fan Zhipeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of jaw (BRONJ) is characterized by impaired osteogenic differentiation of orofacial bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Corin has recently been demonstrated to act as a key regulator in bone development and orthopedic disorders. However, the role of corin in BRONJ-related BMSCs dysfunction remains unclarified. A m6A epitranscriptomic microarray study from our group shows that the CORIN gene is significantly upregulated and m6A hypermethylated during orofacial BMSCs osteogenic differentiation. Corin knockdown inhibits BMSCs osteogenic differentiation, whereas corin overexpression or soluble corin (sCorin) exerts a promotion effect. Furthermore, corin expression is negatively regulated by bisphosphonates (BPs). Corin overexpression or sCorin reverses BPs-impaired BMSCs differentiation ability. Mechanistically, we find altered expression of phos-ERK in corin knockdown/overexpression BMSCs and BMSCs under sCorin stimulation. PD98059 (a selective ERK inhibitor) blocks the corin-mediated promotion effect. With regard to the high methylation level of corin during osteogenic differentiation, we apply a non-selective m6A methylase inhibitor, Cycloleucine, which also blocks the corin-mediated promotion effect. Furthermore, we demonstrate that METTL7A modulates corin m6A modification and reverses BPs-impaired BMSCs function, indicating that METTL7A regulates corin expression and thus contributes to orofacial BMSCs differentiation ability. To conclude, our study reveals that corin reverses BPs-induced BMSCs dysfunction, and METTL7A-mediated corin m6A modification underlies corin promotion of osteogenic differentiation via the ERK pathway. We hope this brings new insights into future clinical treatments for BRONJ.
Post-natal steroid exposure in very low birthweight neonates and associations with acute kidney injury
Authors: Coleman Cassandra , King Jeffrey , Selewski David T. , Newman Jill C. , Steflik Heidi J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objective
The relationship between adrenal insufficiency (AI), post-natal steroids (PNS) and neonatal acute kidney injury (AKI) remains understudied. We investigated associations between PNS and AKI in very low birthweight (VLBW) neonates, hypothesizing PNS is associated with reduced AKI.

Study design
We conducted a single-center retrospective review of VLBW infants comparing those with and without PNS exposure. Associations between PNS exposure and AKI were evaluated using generalized linear mixed-modeling adjusted for confounders.

Result
Of 567 neonates, 97 (17.1%) were exposed to PNS and 130 (22.9%) experienced AKI. Infants with PNS had lower gestational age, birthweight, Apgar scores, and experienced more AI versus those without PNS (all p < 0.05). PNS was associated with AKI (aRR 1.72, 95% CI 1.09–2.72) though hydrocortisone alone was not.

Conclusion
PNS exposure, but not hydrocortisone alone, is associated with increased AKI in VLBW neonates. Further analysis is needed to investigate the role of AI and AKI.
Dissecting the polygenic contribution of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder on school performance by their relationship with educational attainment
Authors: Cabana-Domínguez Judit , Bosch Rosa , Soler Artigas María , Alemany Silvia , Llonga Natalia , Vilar-Ribó Laura , Carabí-Gassol Pau , Arribas Lorena , Macias-Chimborazo Valeria , Español-Martín Gemma , del Castillo Clara , Martínez Laura , Pagerols Mireia , Pagespetit Èlia , Prat Raquel , Puigbó Julia , Ramos-Quiroga Josep Antoni , Casas Miquel , Ribasés Marta 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are strongly associated with educational attainment (EA), but little is known about their genetic relationship with school performance and whether these links are explained, in part, by the genetic liability of EA. Here, we aim to dissect the polygenic contribution of ADHD and ASD to school performance, early manifestation of psychopathology and other psychiatric disorders and related traits by their relationship with EA. To do so, we tested the association of polygenic scores for EA, ADHD and ASD with school performance, assessed whether the contribution of the genetic liability of ADHD and ASD to school performance is influenced by the genetic liability of EA, and evaluated the role of EA in the genetic overlap between ADHD and ASD with early manifestation of psychopathology and other psychiatric disorders and related traits in a sample of 4,278 school-age children. The genetic liability for ADHD and ASD dissected by their relationship with EA show differences in their association with school performance and early manifestation of psychopathology, partly mediated by ADHD and ASD symptoms. Genetic variation with concordant effects in ASD and EA contributes to better school performance, while the genetic variation with discordant effects in ADHD or ASD and EA is associated with poor school performance and higher rates of emotional and behavioral problems. Our results strongly support the usage of the genetic load for EA to dissect the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of ADHD and ASD, which could help to fill the gap of knowledge of mechanisms underlying educational outcomes.