bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma concentrations and behavioral, antinociceptive, and physiologic effects of methadone after intravenous and oral transmucosal administration in cats
Authors: Ferreira Tatiana H. , Rezende Marlis L. , Mama Khursheed R. , Hudachek Susan F. , Aguiar Antonio J. A. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Objective—To determine plasma concentrations and behavioral, antinociceptive, and physiologic effects of methadone administered via IV and oral transmucosal (OTM) routes in cats.
Animals—8 healthy adult cats.
Procedures—Methadone was administered via IV (0.3 mg/kg) and OTM (0.6 mg/kg) routes to each cat in a balanced crossover design. On the days of drug administration, jugular catheters were placed in all cats under anesthesia; a cephalic catheter was also placed in cats that received methadone IV. Baseline measurements were obtained ≥ 90 minutes after extubation, and methadone was administered via the predetermined route. Heart and respiratory rates were measured; sedation, behavior, and antinociception were evaluated, and blood samples were collected for methadone concentration analysis at predetermined intervals for 24 hours after methadone administration. Data were summarized and evaluated statistically.
Results—Plasma concentrations of methadone were detected rapidly after administration via either route. Peak concentration was detected 2 hours after OTM administration and 10 minutes after IV administration. Mean ± SD peak concentration was lower after OTM administration (81.2 ± 14.5 ng/mL) than after IV administration (112.9 ± 28.5 ng/mL). Sedation was greater and lasted longer after OTM administration. Antinociceptive effects were detected 10 minutes after administration in both groups; these persisted ≥ 2 hours after IV administration and ≥ 4 hours after OTM administration.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Despite lower mean peak plasma concentrations, duration of antinociceptive effects of methadone was longer after OTM administration than after IV administration. Methadone administered via either route may be useful for perioperative pain management in cats.
Effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy and polysulfated glycosaminoglycan treatment on subchondral bone, serum biomarkers, and synovial fluid biomarkers in horses with induced osteoarthritis
Authors: Kawcak Chris E. , Frisbie David D. , McIlwraith C. Wayne 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) and polysulfated glycosaminoglycan treatment (PSGAGT) on subchondral bone (SCB), serum biomarkers, and synovial fluid biomarkers in horses with induced osteoarthritis.
Animals—24 healthy 2- to 3-year-old horses.
Procedures—An osteochondral fragment was created on the distal aspect of the radial carpal bone in 1 middle carpal joint of each horse. Horses were randomly allocated to receive local application of ESWT (days 14 and 28; n = 8), PSGAGT (IM, q 4 d for 28 days; 8), or a sham ESWT probe (placebo; days 14 and 28; 8). Serum biomarkers were measured every 7 days, and synovial fluid biomarkers were measured every 14 days. Bone density was measured by use of computed tomography on days 0 and 70, and microdamage and bone formation variables were compared among groups at the end of the study (day 70).
Results—There was no significant effect of ESWT or PSGAGT on any bone variable. Serum osteocalcin concentration was significantly greater in horses that received ESWT, compared with placebo-treated horses, and serum concentration of the C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen was significantly higher in horses that received ESWT, compared with placebo- and PSGAG-treated horses. Concentrations of the synovial fluid epitope CS846 were significantly higher in joints with osteoarthritis treated with ESWT
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Treatment of osteoarthritis with ESWT had no effect on SCB but did induce increases in serum biomarkers indicative of bone remodeling. Treatment of osteoarthritis with PSGAG had no effect on SCB or biomarkers.
Impact of successive freezing-thawing cycles on 3-T magnetic resonance images of the digits of isolated equine limbs
Authors: Bolen Géraldine E. , Haye Dimitri , Dondelinger Robert F. , Massart Laurent , Busoni Valeria 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Objective—To assess the impact of cycles of freezing and thawing on magnetic resonance (MR) images (obtained by use of a 3-T magnet) of equine feet examined ex vivo.
Sample—9 forelimbs from 9 horse cadavers.
Procedures—9 forefeet underwent MR imaging first at ambient temperature within 12 hours after the horses' death and then after each freezing-thawing cycle. Three digits underwent freezing and thawing (at 4°C for 36 hours) 2 times, 3 digits underwent freezing and thawing (at 4°C for 36 hours) once and rescanning after 24 hours at ambient temperature, and 3 digits underwent freezing and thawing at ambient temperature for 24 hours once. Images of the digits obtained prior to freezing were subjectively compared with images obtained after freezing and thawing. Changes in the signal-to-noise ratio between examinations were assessed.
Results—Overall image quality was considered unchanged except for the hoof capsule. Quantitative analysis revealed signal-to-noise ratio changes in bone marrow, soft tissues, and hoof capsule induced with both thawing processes. The signal-to-noise ratio in the sy-novial recess of the distal interphalangeal joint significantly increased as a result of thawing at4°C.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although overall image quality was considered unchanged except for the hoof capsule, results suggested that changes induced in cadaver limbs following freezing and thawing, which are probably attributable both to modified and inhomogeneous temperature distribution and direct tissue damage, may alter the reliability of signal intensity in ex vivo MR examinations.
Evaluation of experimentally induced injury to the superficial digital flexor tendon in horses by use of low-field magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography
Authors: Karlin William M. , Stewart Allison A. , Durgam Sushmitha S. , Naughton James F. , O'Dell-Anderson Kristen J. , Stewart Matthew C. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate tendon injuries in horses over a 16-week period by use of ultrasonography and low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Sample—Tendons of 8 young adult horses.
Procedures—The percentage of experimentally induced tendon injury was evaluated in cross section at the maximal area of injury by use of ultrasonography and MRI at 3, 4, 6, 8, and 16 weeks after collagenase injection. The MRI signal intensities and histologic characteristics of each tendon were determined at the same time points.
Results—At 4 weeks after collagenase injection, the area of maximal injury assessed on cross section was similar between ultrasonography and MRI. In lesions of > 4 weeks' duration, ultrasonography underestimated the area of maximal cross-sectional injury by approximately 18%, compared with results for MRI. Signal intensity of lesions on T1-weighted images was the most hyperintense of all the sequences, lesions on short tau inversion recovery images were slightly less hyperintense, and T2-weighted images were the most hypointense. Signal intensity of tendon lesions was significantly higher than the signal intensity for the unaltered deep digital flexor tendon. Histologically, there was a decrease in proteoglycan content, an increase in collagen content, and minimal change in fiber alignment during the 16 weeks of the study.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Ultrasonography may underestimate the extent of tendon damage in tendons with long-term injury. Low-field MRI provided a more sensitive technique for evaluation of tendon injury and should be considered in horses with tendinitis of > 4 weeks' duration.
Comparison of two commercial ovine Campylobacter vaccines and an experimental bacterin in guinea pigs inoculated with Campylobacter jejuni
Authors: Burrough Eric R. , Sahin Orhan , Plummer Paul J. , DiVerde Kevin D. , Zhang Qijing , Yaeger Michael J. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Objective—To compare efficacy of 2 commercial ovine Campylobacter vaccines and an experimental bacterin in guinea pigs following IP inoculation with Campylobacter jejuni IA3902.
Animals—51 female guinea pigs.
Procedures—Pregnant and nonpregnant animals were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups and administered a commercial Campylobacter vaccine labeled for prevention of campylobacteriosis in sheep via two 5-mL doses 14 days apart (vaccine A; n = 13), another labeled for prevention of campylobacteriosis via two 2-mL doses (vaccine B; 12), an experimental bacterin prepared from the challenge strain (12), or a sham vaccine (14). Ten days later, animals were challenged IP with C jejuni IA3902; 48 hours later, animals were euthanized, complete necropsy was performed, and blood and tissue samples were obtained for bacteriologic culture.
Results—Administration of vaccine B or the experimental bacterin, but not vaccine A, significantly reduced 48-hour infection rates versus administration of the sham vaccine. A significantly reduced 48-hour infection rate was associated with administration of vaccine B independent of pregnancy status.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Administration of vaccine B significantly reduced infection in guinea pigs challenged with C jejuni IA3902, similar to a homologous bacterin. Results suggested that vaccine B or an autogenous product may be effective in controlling ovine campylobacteriosis caused by this emergent abortifacient strain. Bacteriologic culture of blood, liver, bile, and uterus in nonpregnant guinea pigs 48 hours after inoculation may be a useful screening tool for comparing efficacy of C jejuni vaccines.
Evaluation of the ability of two transfection reagents to deliver small interfering RNA molecules to equine and guinea pig cartilage in vitro
Authors: Dougherty Sarah S. , Santangelo Kelly S. , Bertone Alicia L. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate 2 commercially available transfection reagents for transfection efficiency and distribution of small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules to chondrocytes in monolayer cultures and full-thickness cartilage explants from guinea pigs and horses.
Sample—Cartilage explants from 5 one-month-old and 3 adult guinea pigs and 5 adult clinically normal horses.
Procedures—Monolayer chondrocytes and uniform cartilage explants were exposed to 1 of 2 siRNA transfection complexes according to manufacturers' protocols (1μM [1×]). Additionally, monolayer chondrocytes were exposed to 2× the suggested amount of a proprietary siRNA molecule. Full-thickness cartilage explants were treated with 1× (1μM), 2× (2μM), and 4× (4μM) or 1× (0.13μM), 4× (0.52μM), and 8× (1.04μM) the recommended concentrations of the proprietary siRNA and the cationic liposome siRNA, respectively, in equivalent media volumes. Use of fluorescent siRNA duplexes allowed quantification of transfected cells via flow cytometry and direct visualization of the depth and distribution of in situ transfection via fluorescent microscopy.
Results—With both transfection reagents, > 90% of monolayer chondrocytes were transfected. In explants, only use of the proprietary molecule achieved > 50% transfection efficiency, whereas use of the cationic liposome achieved < 20%. Only the proprietary molecule-treated cartilage consistently contained fluorescent cells throughout all zones; the cationic liposome-transfected chondrocytes were restricted to explant surfaces.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Robust transfection of chondrocytes in monolayer was achieved with both reagents, but only use of the proprietary molecule attained effective full-thickness transfection of explants that may allow relevant transcript reduction via RNAi.
Evaluation of four drugs for inhibition of paracentesis-induced blood-aqueous humor barrier breakdown in cats
Authors: Rankin Amy J. , Khrone Sheryl G. , Stiles Jean 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Objective—To compare inhibitory effects of topically applied 1% prednisolone acetate suspension, 0.03% flurbiprofen solution, 0.1% dexamethasone suspension, and 0.1% diclofenac solution on paracentesis-induced blood-aqueous barrier breakdown in cats.
Animals—9 healthy cats.
Procedures—Paracentesis of the anterior chamber was performed in both eyes of each cat. One eye of each cat was treated with a topically administered anti-inflammatory medication (1% prednisolone [n = 7 cats], 0.03% flurbiprofen [7], 0.1% dexamethasone [9], or 0.1% diclofenac [8]) immediately following paracentesis and at 6, 10, and 24 hours after paracentesis. The contralateral untreated eye served as the control eye. Each cat had a 6-day washout period between experimental drugs. Breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier was quantified by use of laser flaremetry.
Results—Topical administration of 1% prednisolone significantly reduced aqueous humor flare at 4, 8, and 26 hours after paracentesis. Topical administration of 0.1% diclofenac significantly reduced aqueous humor flare at 8 and 26 hours after paracentesis. Topical administration of 0.1% dexamethasone and 0.03% flurbiprofen did not significantly decrease flare at any time point. There were significant differences in intraocular pressures between NSAID-treated eyes and untreated contralateral eyes.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Topical administration of 1% prednisolone and 0.1% diclofenac significantly reduced intraocular inflammation in cats with paracentesis-induced uveitis. Topical administration of 1% prednisolone or 0.1% diclofenac may be appropriate choices when treating cats with anterior uveitis. Topical administration of diclofenac and flurbiprofen should be used with caution in cats with a history of ocular hypertension.
Development and validation of a sandwich ELISA for use in measuring concentrations of canine surfactant protein A in serum of dogs
Authors: Sone Katsuhito , Akiyoshi Hideo , Aoki Mika , Sugii Shunji , Ohashi Fumihito 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Objective—To develop and evaluate a sandwich ELISA incorporating rabbit antiserum specific for canine surfactant protein A (SP-A) for use in measuring concentrations of SP-A in serum of dogs.
Sample—Serum samples obtained from 6 healthy dogs and 3 dogs with pulmonary disease.
Procedures—Rabbit antiserum was prepared against purified canine SP-A. The IgG fraction was isolated via protein G affinity chromatography and was then biotinylated. The sandwich ELISA was performed by use of anti-SP-A antibody (IgG) preabsorbed with sera from healthy dogs. Validity of the ELISA was confirmed by determination of the detection limit, precision, reproducibility, and accuracy. Serum SP-A concentrations were measured in 6 healthy dogs and 3 dogs with pulmonary disease.
Results—Detection limit of the ELISA was 2.0 ng/mL. Within- and between-assay coefficients of variation ranged from 3.8% to 14.1% and from 15.5% to 35.6%, respectively. The observed-to-expected recovery ratio ranged from 77.1% to 89.9%. Serum SP-A concentrations measured by use of the ELISA were ≤ 2.3 ng/mL in the 6 healthy dogs, 25.6 ng/mL in a dog with severe cardiac pulmonary edema, 8.3 ng/mL in a dog with pneumonia, and 10.1 ng/mL in a dog with lung lobe torsion.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The sandwich ELISA was found to be useful for measuring purified canine SP-A concentrations and canine SP-A concentrations in serum samples. The ELISA was precise, reproducible, and accurate. The ELISA may be beneficial in assessing serum concentrations of canine SP-A as a potential biomarker of pulmonary diseases in dogs.
Evaluation of variations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in horses with recurrent airway obstruction
Authors: Jean Daniel , Vrins André , Beauchamp Guy , Lavoie Jean-Pierre 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Objective—To determine variations in cytologic counts of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid attributable to month of collection, first and second aliquots, and left and right lung sites in horses with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO).
Animals—5 horses with RAO and 5 healthy horses without respiratory tract disease.
Procedures—Horses were housed in a stable for 5 months prior to and throughout the study. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected from the right and left lung of each horse 3 times at monthly intervals (February, March, and April). Each BAL fluid collection was performed by use of 2 incremental instillations of 250 mL of isotonic saline (0.9% NaCl) solution in the same bronchial site. Analysis of BAL fluid included volume of BAL fluid recovered, a CBC, and differential cytologic counts.
Results—Volume of BAL fluid recovered and cytologic counts did not differ in horses with RAO across time or between right and left lungs, except for the number of mast cells. Horses with RAO had significantly lower volumes of BAL fluid recovered, significantly lower percentages of macrophages and lymphocytes, and significantly higher percentages of neutrophils than did healthy horses. Despite individual variation, all horses with RAO had > 25% neutrophils throughout the study period.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Despite variation among horses, BAL fluid cytologic counts were repeatable over short and long periods and samples can be used for longitudinal studies as a diagnostic tool of pulmonary inflammation in horses with RAO.
Effects of oral administration of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine on plasma and urine concentrations of glycosaminoglycans in cats with idiopathic cystitis
Authors: Panchaphanpong Jinnapat , Asawakarn Tanong , Pusoonthornthum Rosama 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effects of once-daily oral administration of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (NAG) on plasma and urine glycosaminoglycan (GAG) concentrations in cats with idiopathic cystitis (IC).
Animals—19 cats with IC and 10 clinically normal cats.
Procedures—Cats with IC were randomly assigned to receive 250 mg of NAG in capsule form orally once daily for 28 days (n = 12) or a placebo (capsule containing cellulose) orally once daily for the same period (7). In cats with IC, plasma and urine GAG concentrations and urine creatinine concentration were measured on days 0 (immediately before first dose), 7, 14, 21, 28, and 56. For purposes of comparison, those variables were measured in 10 clinically normal cats on day 0.
Results—Mean ± SEM urine GAG-to-creatinine concentration ratios (day 0 data) for cats with IC and clinically normal cats differed significantly (3.11 ± 0.62 μg/mL and 14.23 ± 3.47 μg/mL, respectively). For cats with IC, mean plasma GAG concentration in NAG-treated cats (39.96 ± 5.34 μg/mL) was higher than that in placebo-treated cats (24.20 ± 3.35 μg/mL) on day 21. In the NAG-treated cats, plasma GAG concentration on days 21 (39.96 ± 5.34 μg/mL) and 28 (39.91 ± 6.74 μg/mL) differed significantly from the day 0 concentration (27.46 ± 3.90μg/mL).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Cats with IC have lower urinary GAG-to-creatinine concentration ratios than did clinically normal cats. Administration of NAG (250 mg, PO, q 24 h) significantly increased plasma GAG concentrations in cats with IC after 21 days of treatment.
Impact of gender and race-ethnicity on reasons for pursuing a career in veterinary medicine and career aspirations
Authors: Amass Sandra F. , Davis Kauline S. , Salisbury S. Kathleen , Weisman James L. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Objective—To determine the impact of gender and race-ethnicity on reasons applicants to the Purdue University School of Veterinary Medicine decided to pursue a career in veterinary medicine and their career aspirations.
Design—Retrospective cross-sectional study.
Sample—Personal statements from 694 veterinary medical school applications submitted in 2008.
Procedures—Personal statements were read by investigators to identify the turning point for each applicant's decision to pursue a career in veterinary medicine and each applicant's intended career path.
Results—Veterinary practice experience and animal ownership were the most frequently stated reasons for pursuing a veterinary career; differences were not identified between males and females. More Caucasian applicants than underrepresented minority (URM) applicants stated veterinary practice experience and more URM applicants than Caucasian applicants cited animal ownership as a reason for pursuing a veterinary career. Many applicants did not cite a specific career path within veterinary medicine; applicants who indicated a career path most often cited veterinary practice. More females than males stated an interest in equine medicine, and more Caucasian applicants than URM applicants indicated an interest in mixed animal practice. More URM applicants than Caucasian applicants indicated a desire to pursue specialty training.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that veterinary practice experience and animal ownership were important factors influencing applicants' decision to pursue a veterinary career, but many applicants had not selected a specific career path. Opportunities exist to influence the decisions of individuals to become veterinarians and the selection of specific career paths within the veterinary profession.
Evaluation of twice-daily lower-dose trilostane treatment administered orally in dogs with naturally occurring hyperadrenocorticism
Authors: Feldman Edward C. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate effectiveness and incidence of adverse reactions to twice-daily lower-dose oral administration of trilostane in the treatment of dogs with naturally occurring hyperadrenocorticism (NOH).
Design—Clinical trial.
Animals—47 dogs with NOH.
Procedures—47 dogs were treated orally with trilostane (0.21 to 1.1 mg/kg [0.1 to 0.5 mg/lb], q 12 h). All dogs were reevaluated at 2 weeks and 2 months, 38 dogs at 6 months, and 28 dogs at 1 year of treatment.
Results—9 of 47 dogs had an adrenocortical tumor causing NOH, and all had good responses after 2 months (mean trilostane dosage, 0.89 mg/kg [0.40 mg/lb], q 12 h). All successfully underwent surgical adrenal tumor extirpation. Thirty-eight dogs had pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH); 15 dogs did not require a dose increase during the study, and at each of 4 reevaluations, 10 of 15, 13 of 15, 14 of 15, and 11 of 11 had a good response. Twenty-three dogs with PDH had their dose or frequency of trilostane administration increased during the study. Mean trilostane dosage at 1-year reevaluation in dogs with a good response was 1.7 mg/kg (0.8 mg/lb), twice daily, or 1.1 mg/kg, 3 times daily. At each of 4 reevaluations, 17 of 23, 14 of 23, 17 of 23, and 13 of 17 dogs with PDH had a good response. Five dogs became ill because of trilostane-induced adverse effects, but only 1 required hospitalization.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Administration of initial lower doses of trilostane to dogs with NOH is effective.