bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of adipose tissue volume quantification with IDEAL fat–water separation
Authors: Alabousi Abdullah , Al‐Attar Salam , Joy Tisha R. , Hegele Robert A. , McKenzie Charles A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPurpose:To validate iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least‐squares estimation (IDEAL) for adipose tissue volume quantification. IDEAL allows MRI images to be produced only from adipose‐containing tissues; hence, quantifying adipose tissue should be simpler and more accurate than with current methods.Materials and Methods:Ten healthy controls were imaged with 1.5 Tesla (T) Spin Echo (SE), 3.0T T1‐weighted spoiled gradient echo (SPGR), and 3.0T IDEAL‐SPGR. Images were acquired from the abdomen, pelvis, mid‐thigh, and mid‐calf. Mean subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue volumes were compared between the three acquisitions for each subject.Results:There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) between the three acquisitions for subcutaneous adipose tissue volumes. However, there was a significant difference (P = 0.0002) for visceral adipose tissue volumes in the abdomen. Post hoc analysis showed significantly lower visceral adipose tissue volumes measured by IDEAL versus 1.5T (P < 0.0001) and 3.0T SPGR (P < 0.002). The lower volumes given by IDEAL are due to its ability to differentiate true visceral adipose tissue from other bright structures like blood vessels and bowel content that are mistaken for adipose tissue in non‐fat suppressed images.Conclusion:IDEAL measurements of adipose tissue are equivalent to established 1.5T measurement techniques for subcutaneous depots and have improved accuracy for visceral depots, which are more metabolically relevant. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recovery of saltwater crocodiles following unregulated hunting in tidal rivers of the Northern Territory, Australia
Authors: Fukuda Yusuke , Webb Grahame , Manolis Charlie , Delaney Robyn , Letnic Mike , Lindner Garry , Whitehead Peter 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSaltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) in the Northern Territory of Australia were protected in 1971, after a severe population decline resulting from 26 yr of intense commercial hunting. By that time wild saltwater crocodiles were rarely sighted anywhere and they were commercially extinct in areas where they had once been abundant. Standardized monitoring by spotlight surveys started in 1975 and provided relative density indices over time (1975–2009) as a unique record of the post‐protection recovery of a wild crocodilian population. We examined the survey data for populations at 12 major tidal rivers, individually and as a single subpopulation. The pattern of recovery in the subpopulation in both abundance and biomass was approximated by logistic curves, predicting 5.26 non‐hatchling crocodiles weighing 387.64 kg sighted per kilometer of river in 2010. We predicted potential carrying capacity as 5.58 non‐hatchling crocodiles (5.73% higher than 2010) weighing 519.0 kg (25.31% higher than 2010). Individual rivers showed largely different abundance and biomass among rivers. The statistical model that best described the recovery in individual rivers was not always logistic. However, where it was logistic, expected carrying capacity of different rivers showed considerable variation in abundance and biomass. The variation indicates different habitat quality among the rivers. Recovery occurred despite various consumptive uses, particularly a widespread egg‐harvest program, which has been an integral part of the incentive‐driven conservation program for saltwater crocodiles in the Northern Territory since 1983. We suggest that the saltwater crocodile population of the Northern Territory is achieving full recovery from uncontrolled hunting in 1945–1971. Although saltwater crocodiles are considered an important natural resource, their increase in number, size, and distribution is posing management issues for public safety. Continuation of human–crocodile conflict management through public education and strategic removal of problem crocodiles will be essential. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Endoscopic maxillary antrostomy: Not just a simple procedure
Authors: Kennedy David W. , Adappa Nithin D. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe endoscopic middle meatal maxillary antrostomy is one of the most commonly performed endoscopic procedures. Despite this, at our tertiary institution, we commonly see failed antrostomies requiring revision surgery. Accordingly, we describe in a stepwise fashion strategies helpful in creating a patent and naturally function maxillary antrostomy.
Wearing‐off scales in Parkinson's disease: Critique and recommendations
Authors: Antonini Angelo , Martinez‐Martin Pablo , Chaudhuri Ray K. , Merello Marcelo , Hauser Robert , Katzenschlager Regina , Odin Per , Stacy Mark , Stocchi Fabrizio , Poewe Werner , Rascol Oliver , Sampaio Cristina , Schrag Anette , Stebbins Glenn T. , Goetz Christopher G. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWearing‐off occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson's disease after a few years of dopaminergic therapy. Because a variety of scales have been used to estimate wearing‐off, the Movement Disorder Society commissioned a task force to assess their clinimetric properties. A systematic review was conducted to identify wearing‐off scales that have either been validated or used in Parkinson's patients. A scale was designated “Recommended” if it had been used in clinical studies beyond the group that developed it, if it had been specifically used in Parkinson's disease reports, and if clinimetric studies had established that it is valid, reliable, and sensitive. “Suggested” scales met 2 of the above criteria, and those meeting 1 were “Listed.” We identified 3 diagnostic and 4 severity rating scales for wearing‐off quantification. Two questionnaires met the criteria to be Recommended for diagnostic screening (questionnaires for 19 and 9 items), and 1 was Suggested (questionnaire for 32 items). Only the patient diaries were Recommended to assess wearing‐off severity, with the caveat of relatively limited knowledge of validity. Among the other severity assessment tools, the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale version 3 and the version revised from the Movement Disorders Society were classified as Suggested, whereas the Treatment Response Scale was Listed. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
A novel numerical method of high‐order accuracy for flow in unsaturated porous media
Authors: Zambra C.E. , Dumbser M. , Toro E.F. , Moraga N.O. 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYWe construct finite volume schemes of very high order of accuracy in space and time for solving the nonlinear Richards equation (RE). The general scheme is based on a three‐stage predictor–corrector procedure. First, a high‐order weighted essentially non‐oscillatory (WENO) reconstruction procedure is applied to the cell averages at the current time level to guarantee monotonicity in the presence of steep gradients. Second, the temporal evolution of the WENO reconstruction polynomials is computed in a predictor stage by using a global weak form of the governing equations. A global space–time DG FEM is used to obtain a scheme without the parabolic time‐step restriction caused by the presence of the diffusion term in the RE. The resulting nonlinear algebraic system is solved by a Newton–Krylov method, where the generalized minimal residual method algorithm of Saad and Schulz is used to solve the linear subsystems. Finally, as a third step, the cell averages of the finite volume method are updated using a one‐step scheme, on the basis of the solution calculated previously in the space–time predictor stage. Our scheme is validated against analytical, experimental, and other numerical reference solutions in four test cases. A numerical convergence study performed allows us to show that the proposed novel scheme is high order accurate in space and time. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of the Phase Distribution in Sintered TRIP‐Matrix / Mg‐PSZ Composites using EBSD
Authors: Berek H. , Yanina A. , Weigelt C. , Aneziris C. G. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMetal matrix composites (MMC) containing TRIP‐steel/Mg‐PSZ were processed by cold pressing and conventional sintering in different atmospheres. The MMC was based on austenitic steel in the system Fe‐Cr‐Mn‐Ni showing transformation induced plasticity (TRIP). Depending on the sintering temperature, the sintering atmosphere and the steel composition the phase compositions of MgO partially stabilized zirconia (Mg‐PSZ) were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray microanalysis (EDX) as well as electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The interactions between the alloying elements of austenitic stainless steel and the ceramic stabilizer (MgO) as well as the technological parameters lead to a significant change in the phase composition of the Mg‐PSZ. The changes can be analysed by EBSD due to the high spatial resolution.
Dissimilar Spot Welds of AISI 304/AISI 1008: Metallurgical and Mechanical Characterization
Authors: Pouranvari M. , Marashi S. P. H. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis paper aims at investigating structure‐properties relationships in dissimilar resistance spot welding of AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel (SS) and AISI 1008 low carbon steel (CS). Microstructural characterization, microhardness test and the tensile‐ shear test were conducted. It was shown that the shape of the SS/CS fusion zone (FZ) is unsymmetrical and the final fusion line shifts from sheet/sheet interface into the higher resistivity side (i.e. AISI 304). FZ microstructure was ranged from ferrite‐austenite to full martensite depending on the dilution ratio of the base metals. The variation of SS/CS dissimilar welds failure mode was explained in terms of hardness/microstructure characteristics. It was concluded that to ensure pullout failure mode, welding parameters needed to adjust so that the FZ size is sufficiently large and dilution is sufficiently high to produce a martensite FZ. Fusion zone size at CS side proved to be the most important controlling factor of SS/CS peak load and energy absorption. Finally, the mechanical properties of SS/CS dissimilar welds were compared with SS/SS and CS/CS similar welds.
Surgery and critical care for anomalous coronary artery from the pulmonary artery
Authors: Fehrenbacher Timothy A. , Mitchell Michael E. , Ghanayem Nancy S. , Tweddell James S. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAnomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery is a rare congenital cardiac malformation that accounts for 0.25–0.50% of children with congenital cardiac disease and can cause myocardial dysfunction in young infants. In any infant presenting with ventricular dysfunction, the diagnosis of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery must be suspected and the origin of the coronary arteries must be confirmed. The diagnosis of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery is an indication for surgical repair. A two-coronary arterial system is the goal and is almost always achievable. The goal of surgical therapy is the creation of a two-coronary arterial system, which appears to provide better long-term survival and protection from left ventricular dysfunction and mitral valvar regurgitation than does simple ligation of the anomalous coronary artery. Direct reimplantation of the anomalous coronary artery is the procedure of choice. It is straightforward and borrows from well-practised techniques commonly used in other procedures such as the arterial switch operation. For the rare patient in whom direct reimplantation is not possible, strategies to lengthen the anomalous coronary artery, or baffle it within the pulmonary root, are available. Mitral valvar regurgitation is common at presentation, but following the establishment of a two-coronary arterial system and satisfactory myocardial perfusion, regurgitation of the mitral valve resolves in the vast majority. Therefore, mitral valvuloplasty at the time of initial surgery for anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery is not indicated. Post-operative care requires careful manipulation of inotropic support and reduction of afterload. Mechanical support, with either extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or left ventricular assist device, should be available for use if necessary.
The effect of systemic psoriasis therapies on the incidence of myocardial infarction: a cohort study
Authors: Abuabara K. , Lee H. , Kimball A.B. 
Published: July 2011

Summary
Background Psoriasis confers an independent risk of cardiovascular disease that is likely to be related to systemic inflammation. Anti-inflammatory treatment could theoretically reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, and initial data suggest that treatment may reduce the incidence of cardiovascular risk factors.
Objectives To determine the impact of anti-inflammatory therapy on the risk of acute myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis.
Methods Cohort study using administrative and pharmacy claims data from a large U.S. insurer comparing patients with psoriasis aged ≥ 18 years receiving systemic immunomodulatory therapies (methotrexate, ciclosporin, alefacept, efalizumab, adalimumab, etancercept and infliximab) with a control group treated with ultraviolet B phototherapy that has limited systemic anti-inflammatory effects. The risk of acute MI was calculated using a proportional hazards model while controlling for sex, age, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes and depression. Significant interaction terms were included in the final model.
Results The study group included 25 554 patients with psoriasis receiving systemic treatment or phototherapy. There was a trend towards an increased risk of MI in the systemic treatment group but not a significant difference in overall MI risk [hazard ratio (HR) 1·33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·90–1·96]. Additionally, there was a significant interaction with age: in patients under 50 years the HR for MI if receiving systemic therapy was 0·65 (95% CI 0·32–1·34), and in patients aged 50–70 years it was 1·37 (95% CI 0·79–2·38).
Conclusions Overall, there does not appear to be a reduced risk of MI in patients with psoriasis receiving systemic therapy compared with a group undergoing phototherapy. The risk of MI may vary by age.
Supporting cystic fibrosis disease management during adolescence: the role of family and friends
Authors: Barker D. H. , Driscoll K. A. , Modi A. C. , Light M. J. , Quittner A. L. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground  Successful management of a complex disease, such as cystic fibrosis (CF), requires support from family and friends; however, few studies have examined social support in adolescents with CF.Methods  Twenty‐four adolescents were interviewed about the support they receive from family and friends. Interviews were transcribed, coded and analysed to determine the types, frequency and perceived supportiveness of specific behaviours.Results  Both family and friends provided treatment‐related support to adolescents with CF. Family provided more tangible support and friends provided more relational support. Adolescents also reported that the manner, timing and context of support behaviours influenced their perceptions of the behaviours' supportiveness. A subset of adolescents (17%) chose not to disclose their diagnosis to their friends.Conclusions  The provision of support appears to be distinct from adolescent's perception of support and there may be some behaviours, such as treatment reminders, that are important to disease management but viewed as less supportive by adolescents. Facilitating increased social support holds the promise of improving disease management during adolescents, but more work is need to understand which aspects of support are related to management outcomes.
Complement activation products in liquid stored plasma and C3a kinetics after transfusion of autologous plasma
Authors: Norda R. , Schött U. , Berséus O. , Åkerblom O. , Nilsson B. , Ekdahl K. N. , Stegmayr B. G. , Knutson et F. 
Published: July 2011

Background and Objectives  Keeping a small stock of liquid plasma readily available for transfusion is common practise in Sweden. We report data on complement activation markers in plasma components during storage in the liquid state and the kinetics of C3a‐desArg after transfusion of autologous plasma with high content of C3a‐desArg.Material and Methods  Plasma components were prepared by apheresis or from whole blood. C3 fragments (C3a‐desArg, C3d,g, iC3), and soluble terminal complement complex (sC5b‐9) were investigated. C3a‐desArg kinetics was investigated in regular apheresis donors.Results  Apheresis plasma prepared by membrane centrifugation had significantly higher level of C3a‐desArg, C3d,g and sC5b‐9 from day 0 and low iC3, than plasma prepared by other methods. By storage day 7, C3a‐desArg ‐levels were above the reference value in 88% of all components. After re‐infusion of autologous plasma with high C3a‐desArg content, there were rapid a1 and a2‐distribution followed by a slower b‐elimination phase.Conclusion  Plasma components prepared by different methods and stored in the liquid phase differ significantly in the amount and timing of complement activation. C3a‐desArg present in plasma is rapidly eliminated after transfusion. Autologous plasma could be used to study complement kinetics in different clinical situations.
Are primary woody hosts ‘island refuges’ for host‐alternating aphids and important for colonization of local cereals?
Authors: Klueken A. M. , Simon J.‐C. , Hondelmann P. , Mieuzet L. , Gilabert A. , Poehling H.‐M. , Hau B. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractOnly few studies are available dealing with the relation between winter host density and spatial distribution and spring colonization of winter cereals by the host‐alternating cereal aphid species Rhopalosiphum padi and Metopolophium dirhodum. Large‐scale studies in climatically different agroecosystems in Germany from 2004 to 2006 revealed for R. padi and M. dirhodum larger spring/summer populations in landscapes with higher densities of winter hosts. A small‐scale study was performed in winter wheat fields adjacent to a large hedge with several typical winter hosts plants, bird cherry (Prunus padus) and wild rose species (Rosa spp.) to indentify distance effects (0–8, 8–24 and 24–60 m). Weekly measurements of aphid density between May to July showed significantly higher densities of R. padi compared with those of other aphids. Statistical analysis (Tukey–Kramer test and regression analyses) revealed significant gradients from the hedge to the field centre for R. padi and M. dirhodum. In comparative studies, winged R. padi from winter and adjacent summer hosts were genotyped using four microsatellite markers. The results showed that individuals from a certain winter host were not genetically similar with individuals from neighbouring summer hosts; it, therefore, seems that winter host clones did not significantly contribute to population built‐up in cereal fields over short distances. It could be concluded that on a regional scale, the density of sources for early migrants of R. padi is important for colonization intensity of surrounding summer hosts, but that the high local movement intensity and the relative small proportion of aphids that could be analysed in such tracking studies are blurring close spatial relations within short time periods.
Reduced N‐cadherin expression is associated with metastatic potential and poor surgical outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhan Da‐qian , Wei Shuang , Liu Cong , Liang Bin‐yong , Ji Gui‐bao , Chen Xiao‐ping , Xiong Min , Huang Zhi‐yong 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground and Aim:  N‐cadherin (N‐cad), one of the classic cadherins, has been reported to be involved in tumor metastasis in some types of tumors. This study aims to investigate the expression status of N‐cad in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the correlation between N‐cad expression and metastatic potential, as well as the surgical outcomes of HCC.Methods:  N‐cad expression in HCC and adjacent liver tissues, as well as normal liver tissues, was studied by immunohistochemistry and Western blot, and the relationship between N‐cad expression and the clinicopathological features of HCC was evaluated. By using RNA interference technique, the correlation of N‐cad expression and metastatic potential was investigated by downregulating N‐cad expression in HCCLM3 cells, and the effects of N‐cad downregulation on cell aggregation, migration, and invasion were then analyzed. Furthermore, the correlation between N‐cad expression and the surgical outcomes of a cohort of HCC patients was analyzed.Results:  In liver tissues, N‐cad was strongly expressed on cell–cell boundaries, whereas various reduced‐expression patterns were observed in tumors. Of 64 HCC, 34 (53%) tumors showed reduced N‐cad expression, compared with their adjacent liver tissues. The decreased expression of N‐cad was significantly correlated with poorer tumor differentiation (P = 0.001) and vascular invasion (P = 0.003). N‐cad knockdown in HCCLM3 cells resulted in decreased cell aggregation and increased cell migration and invasion. The decreased expression of N‐cad in HCC was significantly associated with shorter postoperative disease‐free survival (P = 0.039).Conclusions:  N‐cad expression is decreased in HCC, and the downregulation of N‐cad is associated with the metastatic potential of HCC and poorer surgical prognosis.
Identification of protein expression signatures in gastric carcinomas using clustering analysis
Authors: Begnami Maria D , Fregnani José Humberto T G , Brentani Helena , Torres Cesar , Costa Jr Wilson Luiz , Montagnini Andre , Nonogaki Suely , Soares Fernando A 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground and Aim:  The identification of gastric carcinomas (GC) has traditionally been based on histomorphology. Recently, DNA microarrays have successfully been used to identify tumors through clustering of the expression profiles. Random forest clustering is widely used for tissue microarrays and other immunohistochemical data, because it handles highly‐skewed tumor marker expressions well, and weighs the contribution of each marker according to its relatedness with other tumor markers. In the present study, we e identified biologically‐ and clinically‐meaningful groups of GC by hierarchical clustering analysis of immunohistochemical protein expression.Methods:  We selected 28 proteins (p16, p27, p21, cyclin D1, cyclin A, cyclin B1, pRb, p53, c‐met, c‐erbB‐2, vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor [TGF]‐βI, TGF‐βII, MutS homolog‐2, bcl‐2, bax, bak, bcl‐x, adenomatous polyposis coli, clathrin, E‐cadherin, β‐catenin, mucin (MUC)1, MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC6, matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]‐2, and MMP‐9) to be investigated by immunohistochemistry in 482 GC. The analyses of the data were done using a random forest‐clustering method.Results:  Proteins related to cell cycle, growth factor, cell motility, cell adhesion, apoptosis, and matrix remodeling were highly expressed in GC. We identified protein expressions associated with poor survival in diffuse‐type GC.Conclusions:  Based on the expression analysis of 28 proteins, we identified two groups of GC that could not be explained by any clinicopathological variables, and a subgroup of long‐surviving diffuse‐type GC patients with a distinct molecular profile. These results provide not only a new molecular basis for understanding the biological properties of GC, but also better prediction of survival than the classic pathological grouping.