bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of the feel of hair after cosmetic treatment – sensory and objective test methods
Authors: Assmus U. , Augustin P. , Hensen H. , Hössel P. , Lang G. , Leidreiter H. , Markowetz A. , Martin V. , Noecker B. , Poppe E. , Pfaffernoschke M. , Schmidt‐Lewerkühne, Chairman H. , Schulze‐zur‐Wiesche E. , Schwan‐Jonczyk A. , Wood J. , Wortmann F.‐J. 
Published: May 2009

Citation: IFSCC Magazine, 11 (2008) (2) 121–128Abstract:  This work was performed in the period from 2002 to 2006. The feel of natural and damaged hair was studied after treatment with classical conditioning formulations. A cetrimonium chloride/cetyl alcohol conditioner and shampoos based on sodium lauryl ether sulphate and polyquaternium‐10 or dimethiconol, respectively, were used. In addition to a broad‐based round robin test to determine the hair feel in 12 test centres, suppleness measurements, atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, combing force measurements and shine measurements were performed. The cetrimonium chloride conditioner and the silicone shampoo produced the best hair feel. There was a correlation between hair feel and the suppleness measurement. The coating of the hair surface after shampooing with polyquaternium‐10 and dimethiconol could be seen with atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. There was no correlation of the hair feel with shine or ease of combing.Keywords:  Human hair, feel, handle, conditioner, conditioning shampoo, combing, measurement, suppleness, microscopy, round robin test
Public Attitudes Towards Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities as Measured by the Concept of Social Distance
Authors: Ouellette‐Kuntz Hélène , Burge Philip , Brown Hilary K. , Arsenault Elizabeth 
Published: May 2009

Background While current practices strive to include individuals with intellectual disabilities in community opportunities, stigmatizing attitudes held by the public can be a barrier to achieving true social inclusion.Methods A sample of 625 community members completed the Social Distance Subscale of the Multidimensional Attitude Scale on Mental Retardation.Results Older and less educated participants held attitudes that reflected greater social distance. Participants who had a close family member with an intellectual disability and those who perceived the average level of disability to be ‘mild’ expressed less social distance. The limited variability in scores leads us to question our overall finding of very favourable attitudes towards social interaction with persons with intellectual disabilities.Conclusions This study demonstrates that although certain demographic variables are still relevant in identifying social distance attitudes, the measurement of this construct requires revision to ensure a valid and sensitive reflection of the public’s attitudes.
Effects of adrenaline on longitudinal arterial wall movements and resulting intramural shear strain: a first report
Authors: Ahlgren Åsa Rydén , Cinthio Magnus , Steen Stig , Persson Hans W. , Sjöberg Trygve , Lindström Kjell 
Published: May 2009

SummaryUsing ultrasound we recently demonstrated that in central elastic arteries as well as in large muscular arteries in humans there is a distinct longitudinal displacement of the arterial wall during the cardiac cycle. Further, for the first time, we also demonstrated that the inner parts of the vessel wall, the intima‐media complex, in these vessels exhibit a larger longitudinal displacement than the outer part of the vessel wall, the adventitial region, introducing the presence of substantial shear strain, and thus shear stress within the vessel wall. The role of these unexplored phenomena is unknown. Here, in a first study on the longitudinal movements of the porcine common carotid artery, we show that administration of adrenaline (epinephrine) might have pronounced effects on the longitudinal displacement of the intima‐media complex. In this experiment the longitudinal displacement of the intima‐media complex increased >200% at the highest blood pressure levels as compared to baseline. Further, shear strain within the wall increased >250%; the longitudinal displacement of the adventitial region being smaller than that of the intima‐media complex. Thus, our results indicate that adrenaline can markedly influence the longitudinal displacement of the arterial wall and the resulting shear strain, and thus shear stress, within the arterial wall. This opens up a new field within cardiovascular research, revealing a previously unknown mechanism in the circulatory system. Further studies on larger materials are needed to confirm our findings and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and the physiological, pathophysiological and clinical implications of this phenomenon.
Management issues for women with epilepsy—Focus on pregnancy (an evidence‐based review): I. Obstetrical complications and change in seizure frequency
Authors: Harden Cynthia L. , Hopp Jennifer , Ting Tricia Y. , Pennell Page B. , French Jacqueline A. , Allen Hauser W. , Wiebe Samuel , Gronseth Gary S. , Thurman David , Meador Kimford J. , Koppel Barbara S. , Kaplan Peter W. , Robinson Julian N. , Gidal Barry , Hovinga Collin A. , Wilner Andrew N. , Vazquez Blanca , Holmes Lewis , Krumholz Allan , Finnell Richard , Le Guen Claire 
Published: May 2009

SummaryA committee assembled by the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) reassessed the evidence related to the care of women with epilepsy (WWE) during pregnancy, including the risk of pregnancy complications or other medical problems during pregnancy, change in seizure frequency, the risk of status epilepticus, and the rate of remaining seizure‐free during pregnancy. The committee evaluated the available evidence according to a structured literature review and classification of relevant articles. For WWE who are taking antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), there is probably no substantially increased risk (>2 times expected) of cesarean delivery or late pregnancy bleeding, and probably no moderately increased risk (>1.5 times expected) of premature contractions or premature labor and delivery. There is possibly a substantially increased risk of premature contractions and premature labor and delivery during pregnancy for WWE who smoke. WWE should be counseled that seizure freedom for at least 9 months prior to pregnancy is probably associated with a high likelihood (84–92%) of remaining seizure‐free during pregnancy. WWE who smoke should be counseled that they possibly have a substantially increased risk of premature contractions and premature labor and delivery.
Serum level of CD26 predicts time to first treatment in early B‐chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Molica Stefano , Digiesi Giovanna , Mirabelli Rosanna , Cutrona Giovanna , Antenucci Anna , Molica Matteo , Giannarelli Diana , Sperduti Isabella , Morabito Fortunato , Neri Antonino , Baldini Luca , Ferrarini Manlio 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe analyzed the correlation between well‐established biological parameters of prognostic relevance in B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) [i.e. mutational status of the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (IgVH), ZAP‐70‐ and CD38‐expression] and serum levels of CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase IV, DPP IV) by evaluating the impact of these variables on the time to first treatment (TFT) in a series of 69 previously untreated Binet stage A B‐cell CLL patients. By using a commercial ELISA we found that with exception of a borderline significance for ZAP‐70 (P = 0.07) and CD38 (P = 0.08), circulating levels of CD26 did not correlate with either Rai substages (P = 0.520) or other biomarker [β2‐microglobulin (P = 0.933), LDH (P = 0.101), mutational status of IgVH (P = 0.320)]. Maximally selected log‐rank statistic plots identified a CD26 serum concentration of 371 ng/mL as the best cut‐off. This threshold allowed the identification of two subsets of patients with CD26 serum levels higher and lower that 371 ng/mL respectively, whose clinical outcome was different with respect to TFT (i.e. 46% and 71% at 5 yr respectively; P = 0.005). Along with higher serum levels of CD26, the univariate Cox proportional hazard model identified absence of mutation in IgVH (P < 0.0001) as predictor of shorter TFT. As in multivariate analysis all these parameters maintained their discriminating power (mutational status of IgVH,P < 0.0001; soluble CD26, P = 0.02) their combined effect on clinical outcome was assessed. When three groups were considered: (1) Low‐risk group (n = 31), patients with concordant IgVHmut and low level of soluble CD26; (2) intermediate risk group (n = 26), patients with discordant pattern; (3) high‐risk group (n = 12), patients with concordant IgVHunmut and high level of soluble CD26, differences in the TFT were statistically significant, with a TFT at 5 yr of respectively 88%, 51% and 43% (P < 0.0001). Our results indicate that in early B‐cell CLL biological profile including among other parameters soluble CD26 may provide a useful insight into the complex interrelationship of prognostic variables. Furthermore, CD26 along with mutational status of IgVH can be adequately used to predict clinical behavior of patients with low risk disease.
Two dNTP triphosphohydrolases from Pseudomonas aeruginosa possess diverse substrate specificities
Authors: Mega Ryosuke , Kondo Naoyuki , Nakagawa Noriko , Kuramitsu Seiki , Masui Ryoji 
Published: May 2009

Nucleotide hydrolases are known to hydrolyze not only noncanonical dNTPs to reduce the risk of mutation, but also canonical dNTPs to maintain the dNTP concentrations in the cell. dGTP triphosphohydrolase from Escherichia coli is known as an enzyme that hydrolyzes dGTP. Recently, we identified a triphosphohydrolase from Thermus thermophilus HB8 that hydrolyzes all canonical dNTPs through a complex activation mechanism. These dNTP triphosphohydrolases are widely distributed in eubacteria, but it is difficult to predict whether they possess hydrolytic activity for dGTP or dNTP. To obtain information concerning the structure–function relationships of this protein family, we characterized two dNTP triphosphohydrolases, PA1124 and PA3043, from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Molecular phylogenic analysis showed that dNTP triphosphohydrolases can be classified into three groups. Experimentally, PA1124 had a preference for dGTP, similar to the E. coli enzyme, whereas PA3043 displayed a broad substrate specificity. Both enzymes hydrolyzed substrates in the absence of additional dNTP as an activating effector. These kinetic data suggest that PA3043 is a novel type distinct from both the E. coli and T. thermophilus enzymes. On the basis of these results, we propose that the dNTP triphosphohydrolase family should be classified into at least three subfamilies.
Radio polarization measurements from RRAT J1819−1458
Authors: Karastergiou A. , Hotan A. W. , Van Straten W. , McLaughlin M. A. , Ord S. M. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
We present the first polarization measurements of the radio emission from RRAT J1819−1458. Our observations, conducted in parallel to regular timing sessions, have yielded a small number of bright and polarized pulses. The polarization characteristics and integrated profile resemble those of normal pulsars with average spin-down energy : moderate to low linear polarization in the integrated profile despite relatively high polarization in the individual pulses. On average, a small degree of circular polarization is also observed. The polarization position angle (PA) executes a remarkably smooth, steep S-shaped curve, interrupted by two orthogonal jumps. Based on the shape of the PA swing, we place some constraints on the emission geometry. We compare these polarization properties to those of other radio-emitting neutron star populations, including young pulsars, pulsars with a high surface magnetic field and radio-emitting magnetars. From the polarization measurements, the Faraday rotation measure of this rotating radio transient is derived.
Escherichia coli
O157:H7 and Other
E. coli
Strains Share Physiological Properties Associated with Intestinal Colonization
Authors: Jacobsen Lisa , Durso Lisa , Conway Tyrell , Nickerson Kenneth W. 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT

Escherichia coli
isolates (72 commensal and 10 O157:H7 isolates) were compared with regard to physiological and growth parameters related to their ability to survive and persist in the gastrointestinal tract and found to be similar. We propose that nonhuman hosts in
E. coli
O157:H7 strains function similarly to other
E. coli
strains in regard to attributes relevant to gastrointestinal colonization.
New Insights into γ-Aminobutyric Acid Catabolism: Evidence for γ-Hydroxybutyric Acid and Polyhydroxybutyrate Synthesis inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Bach Benoît , Meudec Emmanuelle , Lepoutre Jean-Paul , Rossignol Tristan , Blondin Bruno , Dequin Sylvie , Camarasa Carole 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTThe γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) shunt, an alternative route for the conversion of α-ketoglutarate to succinate, involves the glutamate decarboxylase Gad1p, the GABA transaminase Uga1p and the succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase Uga2p. This pathway has been extensively described in plants and animals, but its function in yeast remains unclear. We show that the flux through Gad1p is insignificant during fermentation in rich sugar-containing medium, excluding a role for this pathway in redox homeostasis under anaerobic conditions or sugar stress. However, we found that up to 4 g of exogenous GABA/liter was efficiently consumed by yeast. We studied the fate of this consumed GABA. Most was converted into succinate, with a reaction yield of 0.7 mol/mol. We also showed that a large proportion of GABA was stored within cells, indicating a possible role for this molecule in stress tolerance mechanisms or nitrogen storage. Furthermore, based on enzymatic and metabolic evidence, we identified an alternative route for GABA catabolism, involving the reduction of succinate-semialdehyde into γ-hydroxybutyric acid and the polymerization of γ-hydroxybutyric acid to form poly-(3-hydroxybutyric acid-co-4-hydroxybutyric acid). This study provides the first demonstration of a native route for the formation of this polymer in yeast. Our findings shed new light on the GABA pathway and open up new opportunities for industrial applications.
Clonal Population Structure and Antimicrobial Resistance ofCampylobacter jejuniin Chicken Meat from Belgium
Authors: Habib Ihab , Miller William G. , Uyttendaele Mieke , Houf Kurt , De Zutter Lieven 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTCampylobacter jejuniis one of the most important causes of human diarrhea worldwide. In the present work, multilocus sequence typing was used to study the genotypic diversity of 145C. jejuniisolates from 135 chicken meat preparations sampled across Belgium. Isolates were further typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and their susceptibilities to six antimicrobials were determined. Fifty-seven sequence types (STs) were identified; 26.8% of the total typed isolates were ST-50, ST-45, or ST-257, belonging to clonal complex CC-21, CC-45, or CC-257, respectively. One clonal group comprised 22% (32/145) of all isolates, originating from five different companies and isolated over seven sampling months. Additionally, 53.1% ofC. jejuniisolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, and 48.2% were resistant to tetracycline; 28.9% (42/145) of all isolates were resistant to both ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. The correlation between certainC. jejuniclonal groups and resistance to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline was notable.C. jejuniisolates assigned to CC-21 (n= 35) were frequently resistant to ciprofloxacin (65.7%) and tetracycline (40%); however, 90% (18/20) of the isolates assigned to CC-45 were pansusceptible. The present study demonstrates that certainC. jejunigenotypes recur frequently in the chicken meat supply. The results of molecular typing, combined with data on sample sources, indicate a possible dissemination ofC. jejuniclones with high resistance to ciprofloxacin and/or tetracycline. Whether certain clonal groups are common in the environment and repeatedly infect Belgian broiler flocks or whether they have the potential to persist on farms or in slaughterhouses needs further investigation.
bdhA-patD
Operon as a Virulence Determinant, Revealed by a Novel Large-Scale Approach for Identification of
Legionella pneumophila
Mutants Defective for Amoeba Infection
Authors: Aurass P. , Pless B. , Rydzewski K. , Holland G. , Bannert N. , Flieger A. 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT

Legionella pneumophila
, the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease, is an intracellular parasite of eukaryotic cells. In the environment, it colonizes amoebae. After being inhaled into the human lung, the bacteria infect and damage alveolar cells in a way that is mechanistically similar to the amoeba infection. Several
L. pneumophila
traits, among those the Dot/Icm type IVB protein secretion machinery, are essential for exploiting host cells. In our search for novel
Legionella
virulence factors, we developed an agar plate assay, designated the scatter screen, which allowed screening for mutants deficient in infecting
Acanthamoeba castellanii
amoebae. Likewise, an
L. pneumophila
clone bank consisting of 23,000 transposon mutants was investigated here, and 19 different established
Legionella
virulence genes, for example,
dot
/
icm
genes, were identified. Importantly, 70 novel virulence-associated genes were found. One of those is
L. pneumophila bdhA
, coding for a protein with homology to established 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenases involved in poly-3-hydroxybutyrate metabolism. Our study revealed that
bdhA
is cotranscribed with
patD
, encoding a patatin-like protein of
L. pneumophila
showing phospholipase A and lysophospholipase A activities. In addition to strongly reduced lipolytic activities and increased poly-3-hydroxybutyrate levels, the
L. pneumophila bdhA-patD
mutant showed a severe replication defect in amoebae and U937 macrophages. Our data suggest that the operon is involved in poly-3-hydroxybutyrate utilization and phospholipolysis and show that the
bdhA-patD
operon is a virulence determinant of
L. pneumophila
. In summary, the screen for amoeba-sensitive
Legionella
clones efficiently isolated mutants that do not grow in amoebae and, in the case of the
bdhA-patD
mutant, also human cells.
Selected
Pseudomonas putida
Strains Able To Grow in the Presence of High Butanol Concentrations
Authors: Rühl Jana , Schmid Andreas , Blank Lars Mathias 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT

Adapted
Pseudomonas putida
strains grew in the presence of up to 6% (vol/vol) butanol, the highest reported butanol concentration tolerated by a microbe.
P
.
putida
might be an alternative host for biobutanol production, overcoming the primary limitation of currently used strains—insufficient product titers due to low butanol tolerance.
Regulation of the Display Ratio of Enzymes on the
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Cell Surface by the Immunoglobulin G and Cellulosomal Enzyme Binding Domains
Authors: Ito Junji , Kosugi Akihiko , Tanaka Tsutomu , Kuroda Kouichi , Shibasaki Seiji , Ogino Chiaki , Ueda Mitsuyoshi , Fukuda Hideki , Doi Roy H. , Kondo Akihiko 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT

We constructed a novel cell surface display system to control the ratio of target proteins on the
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
cell surface, using two pairs of protein-protein interactions. One protein pair is the Z domain of protein A derived from
Staphylococcus aureus
and the Fc domain of human immunoglobulin G. The other is the cohesin (Coh) and dockerin (Dock) from the cellulosome of
Clostridium cellulovorans
. In this proposed displaying system, the scaffolding proteins (fusion proteins of Z and Coh) were displayed on the cell surface by fusing with the 3′ half of α-agglutinin, and the target proteins fused with Fc or Dock were secreted. As a target protein, a recombinant
Trichoderma reesei
endoglucanase II (EGII) was secreted into the medium and immediately displayed on the yeast cell surface via the Z and Fc domains. Display of EGII on the cell surface was confirmed by hydrolysis of β-glucan as a substrate, and EGII activity was detected in the cell pellet fraction. Finally, two enzymes, EGII and
Aspergillus aculeatus
β-glucosidase 1, were codisplayed on the cell surface via Z-Fc and Dock-Coh interactions, respectively. As a result, the yeast displaying two enzymes hydrolyzed β-glucan to glucose very well. These results strongly indicated that the proposed strategy, the simultaneous display of two enzymes on the yeast cell surface, was accomplished by quantitatively controlling the display system using affinity binding.
Genomic and Biochemical Analysis of N Glycosylation in the Mushroom-Forming BasidiomyceteSchizophyllum commune
Authors: Berends Elsa , Ohm Robin A. , de Jong Jan F. , Rouwendal Gerard , Wösten Han A. B. , Lugones Luis G. , Bosch Dirk 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTN-linked glycans ofSchizophyllum communeconsist of Man5-9GlcNAc2structures. Lack of further glycan maturation is explained by the absence of genes encoding such functions in this and other homobasidiomycetes. N-linked glycans in vegetative mycelium and fruiting bodies ofS. communeare mainly Man7GlcNAc2and Man5GlcNAc2, respectively, suggesting more efficient mannose trimming in the mushroom.
Diet-Induced Metabolic Improvements in a Hamster Model of Hypercholesterolemia Are Strongly Linked to Alterations of the Gut Microbiota
Authors: Martínez Inés , Wallace Grant , Zhang Chaomei , Legge Ryan , Benson Andrew K. , Carr Timothy P. , Moriyama Etsuko N. , Walter Jens 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT

The mammalian gastrointestinal microbiota exerts a strong influence on host lipid and cholesterol metabolism. In this study, we have characterized the interplay among diet, gut microbial ecology, and cholesterol metabolism in a hamster model of hypercholesterolemia. Previous work in this model had shown that grain sorghum lipid extract (GSL) included in the diet significantly improved the high-density lipoprotein (HDL)/non-HDL cholesterol equilibrium (T. P. Carr, C. L. Weller, V. L. Schlegel, S. L. Cuppett, D. M. Guderian, Jr., and K. R. Johnson, J. Nutr.
135:
2236-2240, 2005). Molecular analysis of the hamsters' fecal bacterial populations by pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA tags, PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, and
Bifidobacterium
-specific quantitative real-time PCR revealed that the improvements in cholesterol homeostasis induced through feeding the hamsters GSL were strongly associated with alterations of the gut microbiota. Bifidobacteria, which significantly increased in abundance in hamsters fed GSL, showed a strong positive association with HDL plasma cholesterol levels (
r
= 0.75;
P
= 0.001). The proportion of members of the family
Coriobacteriaceae
decreased when the hamsters were fed GSL and showed a high positive association with non-HDL plasma cholesterol levels (
r
= 0.84;
P
= 0.0002). These correlations were more significant than those between daily GSL intake and animal metabolic markers, implying that the dietary effects on host cholesterol metabolism are conferred, at least in part, through an effect on the gut microbiota. This study provides evidence that modulation of the gut microbiota-host metabolic interrelationship by dietary intervention has the potential to improve mammalian cholesterol homeostasis, which has relevance for cardiovascular health.