bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining Cerebrospinal Fluid White Blood Cell Count Reference Values in Neonates and Young Infants
Authors: Kestenbaum Lori A. , Ebberson Jessica , Zorc Joseph J. , Hodinka Richard L. , Shah Samir S. 
Published: January 2010

OBJECTIVE:Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) white blood cell (WBC) counts for neonates and young infants are usually interpreted on the basis of values reported in reference texts or handbooks; however, current reference texts either present normal CSF parameters without citation or cite studies with significant limitations. The objective of this study was to determine accurate, age-specific reference values for CSF WBC counts in a large population of neonates and young infants.METHODS:This cross-sectional study included patients who were aged ≤56 days and had a lumbar puncture performed in the emergency department from January 1, 2005, to June 30, 2007. Patients were excluded from analysis for conditions that are suspected to cause CSF pleocytosis, including traumatic lumbar puncture, serious bacterial infection, congenital infection, seizure, and presence of a ventricular shunt. Children who tested positive for enterovirus (EV) in the CSF by polymerase chain reaction were also excluded. Two-sample Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to compare median CSF WBC values of those who had negative EV testing with those who did not have EV testing.RESULTS:A total of 380 (36%) of 1064 patients met inclusion criteria; 54% were male, 15% were preterm, and 39% presented during EV season. The median CSF WBC count was significantly higher in infants who were aged ≤28 days (3/μL, 95th percentile: 19/μL) than in infants who were aged 29 to 56 days (2/μL, 95th percentile: 9/μL; P &lt; .001). In both age groups, infants with a negative EV PCR had a higher upper bound of the 95% confidence interval of the mean values compared with infants who did not have EV testing performed.CONCLUSIONS:We determined age-specific CSF WBC reference values in a large cohort of neonates and young infants that can be used to interpret accurately the results of lumbar punctures in this population.
Age at Development of Type 1 Diabetes– and Celiac Disease–Associated Antibodies and Clinical Disease in Genetically Susceptible Children Observed From Birth
Authors: Simell Satu , Hoppu Sanna , Simell Tuu , Ståhlberg Marja-Riitta , Viander Markku , Routi Taina , Simell Ville , Veijola Riitta , Ilonen Jorma , Hyöty Heikki , Knip Mikael , Simell Olli 
Published: January 2010

OBJECTIVE
To compare the ages and sequence in which antibodies associated with type 1 diabetes and celiac disease appear and overt diseases develop in children with an HLA-conferred susceptibility to both diseases.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We observed 2,052 children carrying genetic risks for both type 1 diabetes and celiac disease from birth until the median age of 5.7 years and analyzed diabetes- and celiac disease–associated antibodies in serum samples collected at 3- to 12-month intervals. Diabetes was confirmed by World Health Organization criteria and celiac disease by duodenal biopsies.

RESULTS
Altogether 342 children seroconverted to positivity for at least one diabetes-associated autoantibody and 88 to positivity for at least one celiac disease–associated antibody at the median ages of 3.0 and 1.5 years, respectively (P &lt; 0.001). If only children with biochemically defined diabetes-associated autoantibodies against insulin, GAD, or IA-2A protein (n = 146) and children with tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies were compared (n = 86), the median seroconversion ages were 2.5 and 3.0 years (P = 0.011). Fifty-one children progressed to overt diabetes at 4.5 years and 44 children to celiac disease at 4.3 years (P = 0.257). Of the 19 children who developed both diabetes- and celiac disease–associated antibodies, 3 progressed to both diabetes and celiac disease.

CONCLUSIONS
Children with HLA-conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes and celiac disease develop celiac disease–associated antibodies mostly at a younger age or the same age at which they develop diabetes-associated autoantibodies. Clinical diabetes and celiac disease are commonly diagnosed at the same median age.
The multi-dimensional q-deformed bosonic Newton oscillator and its inhomogeneous quantum invariance group
Authors: Altıntaş Azmi , Arık Metin , Arıkan Ali 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
We obtain the inhomogeneous invariance quantum group for the multi-dimensional q-deformed bosonic Newton oscillator algebra. The homogenous part of this quantum group is given by the multiparameter quantum group $$
GL_{X;q_{ij} }
$$ of Schirrmacher where q
ij’s take some special values. We find the R-matrix which gives the non-commuting structure of the quantum group for the two dimensional case.
Joint Preservation Surgery for Correction of Flexible Pes Cavovarus in Adults
Authors: Kroon Maarten , Faber Frank W. M. , van der Linden Marleen 
Published: January 2010

Background: Cavovarus foot deformity often results from muscular imbalance. If deformities are still flexible, surgical correction can be aimed primarily at improving muscular balance. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively assessed the outcome of 19 procedures (in 15 patients) to evaluate patient satisfaction. All patients had a flexible deformity. The surgical procedures that were used included soft-tissue releases, tendon transfers and lengthenings, and osteotomies of either the first metatarsal or the calcaneus. The surgical results in terms of pain, function and alignment of the foot were evaluated by means of standardized questionnaire (AOFAS foot score and the Dutch version of the Foot Function Index), patient interview, physical examination and X-ray. The changes in calcaneal pitch and talus-metatarsal I angle were calculated. Results: Overall patient satisfaction was good. The results were very satisfactory in five procedures, satisfactory in ten, moderately satisfactory in two, unsatisfactory in one, and very unsatisfactory in one procedure. The AOFAS hindfoot score was on average 82.5 ± 16. The talus-metatarsal I angle significantly decreased from 22.5 to 17 degrees ( p = 0.002). The anatomical corrections of the foot did not show association with the patients’ clinical characteristics. Conclusion: Our results show that in joint preserving flexible pes cavovarus correction patient satisfaction is generally good. Radiographic alignment of the foot was not significantly associated with patient-based outcome in this small series of patients. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series
Malignancy risk in patients with giant cell arteritis: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Kermani Tanaz A. , Schäfer Valentin S. , Crowson Cynthia S. , Hunder Gene G. , Gabriel Sherine E. , Ytterberg Steven R. , Matteson Eric L. , Warrington Kenneth J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the incidence of cancer in a population‐based cohort of patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA) compared with age‐ and sex‐matched referent subjects.MethodsUsing the resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project, all incident cases of GCA diagnosed between January 1, 1950 and December 31, 2004 were identified. For each GCA patient, 2 subjects without GCA of the same sex and similar age and length of medical history were selected. Diagnosis of malignancy was made by histopathology. Patients were followed until death, last contact, or December 31, 2006.ResultsOur study included 204 GCA patients and 407 non‐GCA subjects. The GCA cohort had 163 (79%) women and 41 (21%) men, a mean ± SD age of 76.0 ± 8.2 years, and a median followup of 7.7 years. The non‐GCA cohort consisted of 325 (80%) women and 82 (20%) men, a mean ± SD age of 75.6 ± 8.4 years, and a median followup of 8.1 years. During followup, 46 GCA patients and 76 non‐GCA subjects developed cancer (hazard ratio [HR] 1.26, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.87–1.83). Adjustment for smoking did not alter the results. The 1‐, 10‐, and 20‐year cumulative incidences of any malignancy were 5.9%, 33.6%, and 50.0% among GCA patients and 2.6%, 27.0%, and 47.0% among non‐GCA patients, respectively. There were no differences in hematologic or solid malignancies between both groups. Colon cancer appeared more commonly in the GCA group (P = 0.07). Mortality following cancer was similar in both cohorts (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.52–1.24).ConclusionGCA patients are not at an increased risk of first cancer after diagnosis.
Health care utilization for musculoskeletal disorders
Authors: MacKay Crystal , Canizares Mayilee , Davis Aileen M. , Badley Elizabeth M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo examine patterns of ambulatory care and hospital utilization for people with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), including arthritis and related conditions, bone and spinal conditions, trauma and related conditions, and unspecified MSDs.MethodsAdministrative data from the Ontario Health Insurance Plan database for ambulatory care physician visits, the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System database for day (outpatient) surgeries and emergency department visits, and the Discharge Abstract Database for hospital discharges were used to examine health care utilization for MSDs in fiscal year 2006–2007. Person visit rates (number of people with physician visits or hospital encounters per population) were calculated.ResultsOverall, 22.3% of Ontario's population (2.8 million persons) saw a physician for an MSD in ambulatory settings. Person visit rates were highest for arthritis and related conditions (107.7 per 1,000 population), followed by trauma and related conditions (89.6 per 1,000 population), unspecified MSDs (71.0 per 1,000 population), and bone and spinal conditions (62.4 per 1,000 population). The majority of visits were to primary care physicians, with 83.2% of those with visits for all MSDs seeing a primary care physician at least once. Overall, 33.0% of people with a physician visit for an MSD saw a specialist, with orthopedic surgeons being the most commonly consulted type of specialist. In hospital settings, person visit rates for MSDs were highest in the emergency department, followed by day surgeries and inpatient hospitalizations.ConclusionThe findings of our study highlight the magnitude of health care utilization for MSDs and the central role of primary care physicians in the management of these conditions.
Clinical course and prognostic value of disease activity in the first two years in different subtypes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Albers H. M. , Brinkman D. M. C. , Kamphuis S. S. M. , van Suijlekom‐Smit L. W. A. , van Rossum M. A. J. , Hoppenreijs E. P. A. H. , Girschick H. J. , Wouters C. , Saurenmann R. K. , Houwing‐Duistermaat J. J. , Huizinga T. W. J. , Schilham M. W. , ten Cate R. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveJuvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a heterogeneous disease involving chronic arthritis. The clinical course is characterized by a fluctuating pattern of active and inactive disease. We have described in detail the clinical course in different JIA subtypes during the first 2 years after diagnosis and studied its relationship to disease activity in the following years.MethodsDetailed clinical data on different parameters describing the disease activity in sequential time periods covering the first 2 years after diagnosis were retrieved from the charts of 311 patients with JIA and compared between subtypes. In a cohort of 146 patients, the relation of these different clinical variables to the course of disease in the following 3 years was evaluated.ResultsThe percentage of time with active disease in the first 2 years differed significantly between subtypes. In all subtypes, a broad spectrum of activity was observed. The time with active disease in the first 2 years was the most significant factor associated with the duration of active disease in the following years.ConclusionDifferent percentages of time with active disease have been observed between JIA subtypes in the first 2 years. The cumulative duration of activity varied widely within each subtype. Regarding the prognosis of the individual patient, the clinical course in the first 2 years appears to be predictive of the clinical course in the following years. Patients that have less time with active disease in the first 2 years are not likely to develop an unremitting clinical course later on.
Validity of self‐reported rheumatoid arthritis in a large cohort: Results from the Black Women's Health Study
Authors: Formica Margaret K. , McAlindon Timothy E. , Lash Timothy L. , Demissie Serkalem , Rosenberg Lynn 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the positive predictive value (PPV) of 3 case definitions of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) based on self‐reported data on RA diagnosis and use of arthritis medications, and to determine whether a validated screening survey would increase the PPVs in the 3 groups.MethodsMedical records and physician checklists were reviewed for confirmation of an RA diagnosis among a sample of Black Women's Health Study participants who reported incident RA and were categorized according to reported medications: disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) (n = 102), nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (n = 100), and no arthritis medications (no meds) (n = 101). PPVs for confirmed RA were calculated for each of the medication groups, both overall and according to the results of the screening survey.ResultsThe PPVs of confirmed RA were 76%, 61%, and 29% in the DMARDs, NSAIDs, and no meds groups, respectively. After exclusion of women who reported other rheumatic conditions or who reported taking only prednisone, the PPV increased in the DMARDs group to 88%, but little improvement was seen in the other groups. The PPVs increased somewhat according to results of the screening survey for the DMARDs group (92% for positive screen versus 85% for negative screen; P = 1.00), and increased substantially for the NSAIDs group (89% versus 38%, respectively; P = 0.03), but only 43% of participants completed the survey.ConclusionWe found that self‐report of RA, along with self‐reported DMARDs, is a useful case definition for identifying confirmed RA. The validated screening survey could be useful for identifying cases of confirmed RA in some, but not all, medication groups.
Hindered diffusion of residue narrow cuts through polycarbonate membranes
Authors: Chen Zhentao , Xu Chunming , Gao Jinsen , Zhao Suoqi , Xu Zhiming 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHindered diffusion plays an important role in catalytic processing of residue and heavy oil because of large size molecules in these feedstocks. Vacuum residue of Athabasca oil sand bitumen was fractionated into 13 narrow fractions and an end‐cut by supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation (SFEF). Diffusion transport of five SFEF cuts through four polycarbonate membranes was investigated using a diaphragm cell at 308 K. The results showed that diffusion coefficients of the five SFEF cuts decreased as the experiment proceeded, which illustrates that these cuts are polydisperse in size. The effective diffusion coefficients varied with molecular size and pore size. Hindered diffusion of the five SFEF cuts is significant in the membranes with nominal pore diameter of 15 nm, which is around the average pore size of typical hydrotreating catalyst. Comparisons between experimental data and theoretical prediction revealed that the actual hindered degree for diffusion of the five SFEF cuts is higher than that calculated by the Renkin equation. There were slight differences in diffusivity among saturate, aromatic, and resin constituents. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Gas‐solid flow distribution through identical vertical passages: Modeling and stability analysis
Authors: Masnadi Mohammad S. , Elyasi Siamak , Grace John R. , Bi Xiaotao 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAs previous evidence shows, the distribution of gas‐solid flow traveling through identical parallel paths can be significantly nonuniform, often with harmful operating consequences in practice. A fundamental analytical and numerical study is performed on the distribution of gas‐solid pneumatic flow passing through a “Y branch”. While many steady‐state gas‐solid distribution solutions, including a uniform distribution, satisfy the governing equations, linear stability analysis indicates that the uniform distribution is stable the most likely solution of the system. Both 2‐D (two‐dimensional) and 3‐D multiphase computational fluid dynamic simulations and stability analyses confirm the analytical conclusions. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Evaluation of a fleet safety management information system
Authors: Newnam Sharon , Tay Richard 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDespite recent interest in work related road safety, relatively little research has been conducted to examine the effects of institutional factors on fleet safety. This paper conceptualized an evaluation framework and utilized it to assess fleet coordinators' attitudes toward and the usage of a fleet safety management system. First, focus group interviews revealed that monitoring fleet safety was not considered an important task within the government agencies participating in the research. Second, similar results were obtained in a survey of the fleet coordinators, which showed that most fleet coordinators were not utilising the full diagnostic capabilities of the management information system. In particular, fleet coordinators reported significantly higher competence, usage and importance on the coordination of fleet vehicle efficiency than on the coordination of fleet safety. These results were supported by the finding that fleet coordinators were required to report more on fleet efficiency than on fleet safety.
Using a k‐means clustering algorithm to examine patterns of pedestrian involved crashes in Honolulu, Hawaii
Authors: Kim Karl , Yamashita Eric Y. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is twofold: 1) to describe a statistical technique known as K‐means clustering in term of its advantages and disadvantages in safety research; and, 2) to use this method to analyze spatial patterns of pedestrian‐involved crashes in Honolulu. K‐means, a partitioning clustering technique, provides a powerful tool for analyzing and visualizing spatial patterns. While there are other techniques, one of the advantages of the K‐means approach is that it is a well established technique that has been used for many different applications other than traffic safety. In this paper, we compare it to hierarchical clustering techniques and suggest that both are useful in the arsenal of spatial analytic tools for safety research.
Quantitative analysis of passenger and baggage security screening at airports
Authors: de Barros Alexandre G. , Tomber David D. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe terrorist attacks in the United States in 2001 opened a new era in air transportation. The realization that civil aircraft can be used as powerful weapons of mass destruction by a small group of people has drastically increased the need for security screening procedures to protect civil flights. Serving as the interface between the air and land transportation modes, airports have become the main focus in the implementation of those procedures. The need to more thoroughly screen passengers and baggage, and the consequent increase in processing time, has created the need for more space for security checkpoints and baggage screening inside passenger terminal buildings—space that is costly and very difficult to find in existing buildings. This paper evaluates the impact those measures have had on the planning and operation of airport passenger terminals. Quantification of those impacts is performed with the use of discrete‐event simulation and spreadsheet models.
An algorithm for finding reasonable paths in transit networks
Authors: Tan Man‐chun , Tong C. O. , Wong S. C. , Xu Jian‐min 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this paper, reasonable paths in transit networks are defined as possible paths that satisfy the acceptable time criterion and transfer‐walk criterion. A recursive algorithm for finding all of the reasonable paths in a transit network that does not involve a rapid increase in program run‐time with network size is presented. Realistic transit networks in Hong Kong and Guangzhou were selected as case studies of the different phases of the development of a trip planning system. Transport planning practitioners and potential users were invited to test the system to evaluate its performance. The results of the prototype evaluation were satisfactory, and the viability of the system as a useful tool for supporting decision‐making has been confirmed by the positive feedback that was obtained from survey questionnaires.
Partition‐based algorithm for estimating transportation network reliability with dependent link failures
Authors: Sumalee Agachai , Watling David P. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractEvaluating the reliability of a transportation network often involves an intensive simulation exercise to randomly generate and evaluate different possible network states. This paper proposes an algorithm to approximate the network reliability which minimizes the use of such simulation procedure. The algorithm will dissect and classify the network states into reliable, unreliable, and un‐determined partitions. By postulating the monotone property of the reliability function, each reliable and/or unreliable state can be used to determine a number of other reliable and/or unreliable states without evaluating all of them with an equilibrium assignment procedure. The paper also proposes the cause‐based failure framework for representing dependent link degradation probabilities. The algorithm and framework proposed are tested with a medium size test network to illustrate the performance of the algorithm.
An integrated multi‐objective model to determine the optimal rescue path and traffic controlled arcs for disaster relief operations under uncertainty environments
Authors: Chiou Yu‐Chiun , Lai Yu‐Hsuan 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis study proposes an integrated multi‐objective model to determine the optimal rescue path and traffic controlled arcs for disaster relief operations under uncertainty environments. The model consists of three sub‐models: rescue shortest path model, post‐disaster traffic assignment model, and traffic controlled arcs selection model to minimize four objectives: travel time of rescue path, total detour travel time, number of unconnected trips of non‐victims, and number of police officers required. Since these sub‐models are inter‐related with each other, they are solved simultaneously. This study employs genetic algorithms incorporated with traffic assignment and K‐shortest path methods to determine optimal rescue path and controlled arcs. To cope with uncertain information associated with the damaged network, fuzzy system reliability theory (weakest t‐norm method) is used to measure the access reliability of rescue path. To investigate the validity and applicability of the proposed model, studies on an exemplified case and a field case of Chi‐Chi earthquake in Taiwan are conducted. The performances of three rescue strategies: without traffic control, selective traffic control (i.e. the proposed model) and absolute traffic control are compared. The results show that the proposed model can maintain the efficiency of rescue activity with minimal impact to ordinary trips and number of police officers required.