bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simple near‐infrared photodetector based on charge transfer complexes formed in molybdenum oxide doped N,N′‐di(naphthalene‐1‐yl)‐N,N′‐diphenyl‐benzidine
Authors: Wu S. H. , Lo M. F. , Chen Z. Y. , Ng T. W. , Hu X. , Mo H. W. , Wu C. , Li W. L. , Lee C. S. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe have demonstrated a simple near‐infrared (NIR) photodetector (PD) based on charge transfer complex (CTC) formed in molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) doped N,N′‐di(naphthalene‐1‐yl)‐N,N′‐diphenyl‐benzidine (NPB), which shows a photocurrent of about 0.35 A/cm2 at –3 V under 980 nm illumination. The existence of CTC formation promotes photocurrent generation which is investigated by comparison with MoO3 doped 2‐methyl‐9,10‐di(2‐naphthyl)anthracene (MADN) film which has no CTC absorption. It can be evolved that this kind of simple‐structure photodetector has potential application in the near‐infrared (NIR) detection area. It is shown in this Letter that although both MoO3 and NPB have larger energy gaps of about 3 eV and weak absorption in the NIR region, the charge transfer complexes formed by mixing the two materials show an extra absorption band and good photoelectric response in the NIR region.magnified image(© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A nonparametric test for equality of survival medians
Authors: Rahbar Mohammad H. , Chen Zhongxue , Jeon Sangchoon , Gardiner Joseph C. , Ning Jing 
Published: February 2012

In clinical trials, researchers often encounter testing for equality of survival medians across study arms based on censored data. Even though Brookmeyer and Crowley introduced a method for comparing medians of several survival distributions, still some researchers misuse procedures that are designed for testing the homogeneity of survival curves. These procedures include the log‐rank, Wilcoxon, and Cox models. This practice leads to inflation of the probability of a type I error, particularly when the underlying assumptions of these procedures are not met. We propose a new nonparametric method for testing the equality of several survival medians based on the Kaplan–Meier estimation from randomly right‐censored data. We derive asymptotic properties of this test statistic. Through simulations, we compute and compare the empirical probabilities of type I errors and the power of this new procedure with those of the Brookmeyer–Crowley, log‐rank, and Wilcoxon methods.Our simulation results indicate that the performance of these test procedures depends on the level of censoring and appropriateness of the underlying assumptions. When the objective is to test homogeneity of survival medians rather than survival curves and the assumptions of these tests are not met, some of these procedures severely inflate the probability of a type I error. In these situations, our test statistic provides an alternative to the Brookmeyer–Crowley test. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurements of Solidus and Liquidus Temperatures of CaOAl2O3SiO2 and CaOMgOAl2O3SiO2 Slags with MnO Additions
Authors: Wang Lijun , Taniguchi Yoshinori , Seetharaman Seshadri 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe present work was carried out with a view to re‐examine the phase diagram aspects of CaOAl2O3SiO2 and CaOMgOAl2O3SiO2 slags with MnO additions. The aim was to confirm the homogeneous liquid range necessitated for sulfide capacities measurements of the above‐mentioned slags. The liquidus and solidus temperatures of these slags were measured by DSC and X‐ray radiograph techniques. The experimental results were compared with the liquidus and solidus temperatures obtained from literature (Slag Atlas) and commercial softwares ThermoCalc and FactSage. The results indicate that there is good agreement between the experimental values and those retrieved from literature and the commercial software in the case of the ternary system CaOAl2O3SiO2. For the CaOMgOMnOAl2O3SiO2 system, significant deviations were observed between the different sources. The present observations indicate that X‐ray radiography can be a very useful tool in estimating the solidus temperatures of slags while DSC would complement the information with respect to liquidus temperatures.
Vergabe, Tragwerksplanung und Montage der Brücke über die IJssel, Niederlande
Authors: Bos Bertus , Casper Hans‐Joachim , Simon Tamàs , van Kessel Frank , Wiltink Remco 
Published: February 2012

AbstractMit der Hanzelijn, einer 50 km langen, zweigleisigen Neubaustrecke zwischen Zwolle und Lelystad am IJsselmeer, entsteht in den Niederlanden eine leistungsfähige Verbindung für den Eisenbahnverkehr zwischen dem Norden des Landes und dem Ballungsgebiet um Amsterdam und Rotterdam im Westen. Wesentlicher Bestandteil dieser Baumaßnahme ist der Neubau der 930 m langen Eisenbahnüberführung über die IJssel. Das Brückenbauwerk ist der Siegerentwurf eines Design and Build Wettbewerbes und herausragendes Beispiel für architektonisch ansprechenden Eisenbahnbrückenbau.Award, structural design and erection of the bridge across the IJssel, Netherlands. The ‘Hanzelijn’, a 50 km long double‐tracked newly built railway line between Zwolle and Lelystad at the IJsselmeer, is presently built in the Netherlands creating an efficient railway connection between the north and the conurbations of Amsterdam and Rotterdam in the west.Essential part of the project is the new construction of the 930 m long railway bridge over the IJssel. The bridge is the winning design of a design and build competition and an outstanding example of architecturally appealing railway bridge construction.
Eisenbahnüberführung Simmerbach – Pilotprojekt in VFT‐Rail‐Bauweise mit externer Bewehrung
Authors: Seidl Günter , Mensinger Martin , Koch Eckart , Hugle Franz 
Published: February 2012

AbstractDie DB Netz AG hat das erste Brückenbauprojekt in Verbundbauweise mit externer Bewehrung auf der Strecke Bingen–Saarbrücken erstellt und erste Erfahrungen gesammelt. Die neuartige Bauweise sieht einen Überbau im Prinzip der direkten Schienenbefestigung vor. Die Tragstruktur ist ein Querschnitt mit externer Bewehrung aus Walzträgern, die durch Verbunddübel mit dem Fertigteil schubfest verbunden ist. Nur eine Wochenendsperrpause stand bei diesem Pilotprojekt zur Verfügung, um die 140 Jahre alten Stahltrogbrücken zu ersetzen. Gleichzeitig wurden die Auflagerbänke der Pfeiler‐ und Widerlager erneuert. Seit Ende Oktober 2011 rollt der Verkehr über die beiden neuen Überbauten mit je 12,75 m Spannweite.Report on the railway overpass Simmerbach, Germany – Pilot project in VFT‐Rail construction method with external reinforcement. The German Railway Company DB Netz AG put the first bridge structure using a composite structure with external reinforcement into operation and is gaining experience on the railway link Bingen‐Saarbrücken. The new construction method implements a superstructure based on the non‐ballast slab‐track system. The structure contains a cross‐section with external reinforcement manufactured out of rolled sections which are fixed to the precasted element by composite dowels.The close‐off interval of one weekend was available for that project to replace the 140 years old trough bridges out of steel. The pier head and the support part of the abutments were renewed contemporaneously. The two innovative superstructures with a span of 12,75 m each have been in service since end of October 2011.
Rückbau der Rheinbrücke Wesel
Authors: Enders Walter , Sprinke Peter , Hamme Markus , Scheuer Franz‐Josef 
Published: February 2012

AbstractNach der Inbetriebnahme der neuen Niederrheinbrücke bei Wesel ist die alte Rheinbrücke, eine dreifeldrige, 344 m lange Stahlfachwerkkonstruktion, jeglicher Funktion enthoben und rückzubauen. Da die Schifffahrt auf dem Rhein in diesem Abschnitt von wesentlicher verkehrlicher Bedeutung ist, waren im Rahmen der Planung Sperrungen des Wasserweges zu minimieren bzw. auszuschließen. Um den gestellten Anforderungen der Wasserschifffahrtsbehörden gerecht zu werden, wurde ein spezielles Rückbaukonzept entwickelt und in mehreren Planungsschritten für die Ausschreibung optimiert. Dass Rückbauplanungen höchste Ansprüche an die entwerfenden Ingenieure stellen, wird in der Vorstellung zum Rückbau der Rheinbrücke deutlich.Planning the deconstruction of the bridge over the Rhine at Wesel, Germany. Following the opening of the new bridge over the River Rhine at Wesel, the old bridge, a three‐span, 344 m long, steel truss structure, is completely redundant and must be taken down. As this stretch of the Rhine is crucial to shipping, the planning work had to ensure that interruptions to river traffic were ruled out or at least minimised. In order to comply with the requirements of the shipping authorities, a bespoke deconstruction concept was devised and optimised for the tender in several stages. The following article describing the deconstruction of this bridge reveals the great demands placed on design engineers when planning such work.
Zhengzhou Yellow River road‐cum‐railway bridge, China
Authors: Gao Zongyu 
Published: February 2012

AbstractZhengzhou Yellow River road‐cum‐railway bridge accommodates both the Beijing–Guangzhou passenger railway line and the Zhengzhou–Xinxiang inter‐city highway, which cross the Yellow River at Zhengzhou, China (Fig. 1). The bridge is 9177 m long and has two distinct sections[1]: the first is a six‐pylon continuous steel‐concrete composite truss extradosed bridge with a span arrangement of 120 5 ¥168 120 m; the second is a continuous steel‐concrete composite truss with a span arrangement of 5 ¥120 m. The main bridge has a double deck, with a six‐lane carriageway on the upper deck and a twin‐track railway on the lower deck. An inclined truss structure is used for the main bridge superstructure. The upper deck is of concrete, the lower deck uses orthotropic steel solution. The analysis revealed that the main bridge has good rigidity and favourable service conditions for high‐speed trains. The main steel truss was constructed by incremental launching.
Gellan gum/cassava starch mixtures in water systems and in milk systems
Authors: Coronato Rafael , Biasutti Eliza A. R. , Carvalho Carlos W. P. , Grossmann Maria V. E. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractCassava starch is an important ingredient in various foods. However, when processed, it develops some properties that are unsuitable for many industrial applications, such as unstable viscosity and excessive cohesiveness. To reduce those disadvantages, one alternative is a mixture of starch with hydrocolloids. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 0:05, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.3% w/v gellan gum on the physical properties of pastes and gels of cassava starch in water and in milk systems. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), pasting properties, the texture profile, and the microstructure of gels were studied. The addition of gellan gum dispersions to the water system (WS) and the milk system (MS) gave rise to pastes with higher viscosity and, in the case of MS, with lower thermal and shear stability (higher breakdown). The addition of gellan gum had a greater textural effect on the MS, in which the addition of gellan at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.3% increased adhesiveness and decreased springiness of gels. Microscopy revealed a more uniform gel structure in the MS compared with the WS. Starch gelatinization temperatures were higher in MS than in WS.
Estimation of seismic demands of steel frames subjected to near‐fault earthquakes having forward directivity and comparing with pushover analysis results
Authors: Soleimani Amiri F. , Ghodrati Amiri G. , Razeghi H. 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYHigh statistics of damages in modern structures (buildings structured based on new codes) exposed to near‐fault earthquake illustrates the necessity of more studies on this kind of earthquake effects on the structures. A specification of near‐fault earthquakes is the directivity effects. Existing records of near‐fault quakes containing directivity effects including records of Iran and abroad were modified and used for linear time history analysis of three steel moment frames (5, 8 and 12 story frames), and the results were compared with nonlinear time history analysis and pushover analysis of far‐fault quakes in this paper. The results showed that these records (near fault) motivate high modes of the structure, and especially for the 12‐story structure, high response was detected, but none of these results made the frames collapse. By comparing nonlinear dynamic analysis (time history) with nonlinear static analysis (pushover), it was concluded that various lateral load patterns in pushover cannot cover the time history result needs. Load distribution pattern based on the first vibration mode covers these demands in the lower floors, but in higher floors, this method is not applicable. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neurodevelopmental delay in small babies at term: a systematic review
Authors: Arcangeli T. , Thilaganathan B. , Hooper R. , Khan K. S. , Bhide A. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveBeing small for gestational age (SGA) or having fetal growth restriction (FGR) may be associated with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes compared to being appropriate for gestational age (AGA). The aim of this paper was to evaluate the existence and magnitude of decrease in neurodevelopmental scores in SGA and FGR infants born at term from a systematic review of the existing literature.MethodsStudies of neurodevelopment in SGA/FGR babies were identified from a search of the internet scientific databases. Studies that included preterm births and those that did not define absolute indices of standardized cognitive outcome were excluded. SGA was defined as birth weight below the 10th centile for gestation and FGR as the same birth‐weight standard with abnormal umbilical artery Doppler ultrasound or evidence of abnormal placentation on pathology specimen studies. Effect size was calculated as the standardized mean difference between neurodevelopment scores of controls and SGA/FGR children.ResultsThere were 28 studies of SGA, with a total of 7861 SGA and 91 619 control AGA babies, and three studies of FGR, with a total of 119 FGR and 49 control AGA babies. Data synthesis showed that standardized neurodevelopmental scores in SGA babies were 0.32 SD (95% CI, 0.25–0.38) below those for normal controls, though with heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 68.3%). Insufficient data were available for FGR babies.ConclusionThe findings of the study demonstrate that among babies born at term, being SGA is associated with lower scores on neurodevelopmental outcomes compared to AGA controls. A trial designed to evaluate the effects of intervention in small fetuses born at term in order to improve the neurodevelopmental outcome is urgently needed. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatiotemporal image correlation‐derived volumetric Doppler impedance indices from spherical samples of the placenta: intraobserver reliability and correlation with conventional umbilical artery Doppler indices
Authors: Welsh A. W. , Hou M. , Meriki N. , Martins W. P. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveVolumetric impedance indices derived from spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) power Doppler ultrasound (PDU) might overcome the influence of machine settings and attenuation. We examined the feasibility of obtaining these indices from spherical samples of anterior placentas in healthy pregnancies, and assessed intraobserver reliability and correlation with conventional umbilical artery (UA) impedance indices.MethodsUncomplicated singleton pregnancies with anterior placenta were included in the study. A single observer evaluated UA pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI) and systolic/diastolic ratio (S/D) and acquired three STIC‐PDU datasets from the placenta just above the placental cord insertion. Another observer analyzed the STIC‐PDU datasets using Virtual Organ Computer‐aided AnaLysis (VOCAL) spherical samples from every frame to determine the vascularization index (VI) and vascularization flow index (VFI); maximum, minimum and average values were used to determine the three volumetric impedance indices (vPI, vRI, vS/D). Intraobserver reliability was examined by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and association between volumetric indices from placenta, and UA Doppler indices were assessed by Pearson's correlation coefficient.ResultsA total of 25 pregnant women were evaluated but five were excluded because of artifacts observed during analysis. The reliability of measurement of volumetric indices of both VI and VFI from three STIC‐PDU datasets was similar, with all ICCs ≥ 0.78. Pearson's r values showed a weak and non‐significant correlation between UA pulsed‐wave Doppler indices and their respective volumetric indices from spherical samples of placenta (all r ⩽ 0.23). VOCAL indices from specific phases of the cardiac cycle showed good repeatability (ICC ≥ 0.92).ConclusionVolumetric impedance indices determined from spherical samples of placenta are sufficiently reliable but do not correlate with UA Doppler indices in healthy pregnancies. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of letrozole on uterine artery Doppler flow indices prior to first‐trimester termination of pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lee V. C. Y. , Yeung T. W. Y. , Tang O. S. , Ng E. H. Y. , Yeung W. S. B. , HO P. C. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveWe previously demonstrated that a sequential regimen of letrozole and misoprostol resulted in a marked reduction in the serum estradiol concentration and in a higher efficacy of first‐trimester termination of pregnancy than misoprostol alone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of letrozole on uterine artery Doppler flow indices during early pregnancy.MethodsThis was a randomized controlled trial. Thirty women requesting termination of pregnancy up to 63 days' gestation were randomized into two groups: a letrozole group receiving 10 mg of letrozole, daily, for 3 days, and a control group receiving a placebo for 3 days. Serum estradiol, progesterone and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) concentrations were measured before drug administration and then daily for 6 days. Ultrasound scanning for fetal viability and measurement of the pulsatility (PI) and resistance (RI) indices of the uterine arteries was performed before drug administration, and then on day 3 and day 7 after starting letrozole or placebo. All pregnancies were terminated by surgical evacuation on day 7 or day 8.ResultsUterine artery PI and RI decreased significantly in the letrozole group, but not in the control group. Serum estradiol concentrations were significantly lower in the letrozole group than in the control group from day 2 onwards. Serum progesterone and hCG concentrations were comparable for the two groups throughout the 7 days. There were significantly more women in the letrozole group with vaginal bleeding.ConclusionWe have demonstrated that the use of letrozole in the first trimester of pregnancy suppresses serum estradiol levels but results in an increase in blood flow to the uterus. Further studies should be carried out to elucidate the mechanism of letrozole pretreatment in medical abortion. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Can we identify the limits of the puborectalis/pubovisceralis muscle on tomographic translabial ultrasound?
Authors: Kashihara H. , Shek K. L. , Dietz H. P. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveIn order to determine the relative locations of puborectalis/pubovisceralis (PR/PV) and iliococcygeus (IC) muscles, we undertook an analysis of four‐dimensional (4D) ultrasound datasets obtained after suburethral sling placement.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of ultrasound volume data obtained in 110 women after undergoing the Monarc suburethral sling procedure. Tomographic ultrasound imaging (TUI) was performed with eight slices in the axial plane, from 5 mm below to 12.5 mm above the plane of minimal hiatal dimensions. Hyperechogenic tape material was rated as absent, present or as producing an anechoic acoustic shadow overlying the muscle in each slice.ResultsSlices 7 and 8 virtually always showed evidence of the implant or its acoustic shadow on the pelvic sidewall (98% for slice 8 and 96% for slice 7), suggesting that these slices are located at the level of the obturator foramen. This implies that these slices do not generally contain PR/PV muscle, but rather IC muscle.ConclusionOn standardized tomographic imaging of the levator hiatus and muscle, slices located ≥ 1 cm over the plane of minimal dimensions are very likely to contain IC muscle rather than PR/PV muscle. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐cooperative power control and spectrum allocation in cognitive radio networks: a game theoretic perspective
Authors: Duong Nguyen Duy , Madhukumar A. S. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThe invention of cognitive radio (CR) concept aims to overcome the spectral scarcity issues of emerging radio systems by exploiting under‐utilization of licensed spectrum. Determining how to allocate unused frequency bands among CR is one of the most important problems in CR networks. Because different CRs may have different quality‐of‐service requirements, they may have different objectives. In voice communication, high‐speed transmission is the most important factor; hence, voice radios always try to maximize their transmission rate. However, in data communication, the most important factor is the bit error rate. The data radios always try to maximize their signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio (SINR). In this paper, two non‐cooperative games named interference minimization game and capacity maximization game, which reflect the target of data radios and voice radios, respectively, are proposed. From the simulations, after these games are applied, the average SINRs of all players at each channel are improved. The average SINR of players in each channel after applying the capacity maximization game is smaller than that after applying the interference minimization game. However, in comparison with that after applying the interference minimization game, the average capacity of players after applying capacity maximization approach is larger. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Internalization of serotonin 5‐HT1A autoreceptors as an imaging biomarker of antidepressant response
Authors: Zimmer Luc , Descarries Laurent 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSerotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine, 5‐HT) and its various receptors are involved in numerous CNS functions. Among the currently known 5‐HT receptors, the 5‐HT1A receptor is the best characterized subtype. It is tightly implicated in the pathogenesis of mood disorders, notably in depression, and thus represents an important target for drug therapy. Binding to 5‐HT1A receptors can be visualized and quantified by positron emission tomography (PET), facilitating the translation from animal research to man. Using the 5‐HT1A radiotracer [18F]MPPF, recent PET studies in cat and human have provided evidence that internalization of 5‐HT1A autoreceptors is amenable to in vivo neuroimaging at the very onset of specific serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) administration. The in vivo detection of this phenomenon in human is promising in terms of clinical management, particularly as an early biomarker of responsiveness to SSRI treatment. However, several questions are still pending regarding the correlation between 5‐HT1A internalization at the onset of the treatment and the ensuing therapeutic efficacy. WIREs Membr Transp Signal 2012,1:239–245. doi: 10.1002/wmts.11For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.