bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient-Related Long-Term Outcome Measures After Mastoid Surgery at A Tertiary Care Center of North India
Authors: Patro Sourabha Kumar , Panda Naresh K. , Rathod Ramya 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Long-term postsurgical follow-up in chronic otitis media (COM) is crucial in otologic practice for outcome assessment. Validated questionnaires for the same are robust alternatives when physical visits are not feasible such as the current COVID-19 pandemic and we present our findings of outcome assessment using COM outcome test (COMOT)-15 questionnaire through nonphysical mode.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective analysis of a cohort of 112 patients of COM who underwent surgery by the single senior otology surgeon between 2009 and 2019 was done using COMOT 15 questionnaire through telephonic methods to circumvent the need of office visits.

Results:
Fifty out of 112 patients could be contacted and consented for the assessment and their COMOT-15 scores were obtained. The numbers of patients with any otologic symptoms and their need for consultations, except hearing loss were significantly less. One-third of the patients had mild to moderate residual hearing loss and its quality of life impacts, although the same neither was statistically significant nor required increased numbers of consultations.

Conclusion:
Bothering symptoms and the need for a frequent visit to the doctor is significantly less with adequate clearance of disease and mastoid obliteration in cases of canal wall down procedures. The residual mild-to-moderate hearing loss are not significant and manageable with day-to-day activities. Successful outcome of COM surgery needs long-term follow-up and evaluation by all practicing otologic departments and surgeons which can well be done through nonphysical modes in unprecedented situations like the current times.
Posterior Canal Wall Reconstruction in Squamosal Type of Chronic Otitis Media
Authors: Srivastava Abhinav , Mohan Chander 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
The removal of Cholesteatoma remains a matter of debate with varying opinion, but the primary objectives remain complete eradication of the disease and creation of a safe ear. Restoration of hearing is secondary objective. Reconstruction of posterior canal wall can be attempted after complete removal of cholesteatoma with different materials.

Aim and Objectives:
The aim of the study was to study the outcome of posterior canal wall reconstruction in patients undergoing modified radical mastoidectomy.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective interventional cross-sectional study has been done on forty patients in the department of otorhinolaryngology and head-neck surgery, in a tertiary care hospital in Western Uttar Pradesh with an enrolment period of 1 year and a minimum of 1-year follow-up.

Results:
In the present study, the success rate of canal reconstruction was 85%. The most common site of middle ear cleft which was found to be mostly affected by cholesteatoma was aditus in 94.12%, followed by posterior attic, middle ear, and sinus tympani accounting for 91.18%, 82.35%, and 79.41%, respectively. Incus was found to be the most common ear ossicle affected. A statistically significant result was found in the pre- and post-operative average hearing loss and air-bone gap.

Conclusion:
Canal reconstruction in patients undergoing canal wall down mastoidectomy is a good option in patients presenting with limited disease of squamosal type of chronic otitis media. A candidacy criterion has been proposed for deciding patients in whom canal reconstruction can be tried.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Evaluation of Morphology and Orientation of Styloid Process and Prevalence of its Elongation in Age and Gender
Authors: Priyadharshini S. , Gopal K. Saraswathi , Srinivasan Srividhya 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Styloid process (SP) is a cylindrical, cartilaginous bone that projects downward, medially from petrous part of the temporal bone on right and left sides. There are variations noted in the SP which results in impingement on nearby vital structures and can cause annoying orofacial pain. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) gives an accurate image without superimposition of adjacent structure.

Aim:
This study aims to investigate the three-dimensional orientation, length, and morphological variations of the SP using CBCT.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and twenty CBCT images from the age of 20–60 years were retrieved and further divided into three groups (Group I, II, III). The length, anteroposterior angulation (APA), and mediolateral angulation (MLA) of styloid were measured along with its type of classification of elongation and calcification pattern were recorded. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 28.

Results:
In our study, the mean length, APA, and MLA of both right and left SPs were found to be 3.05 ± 1.1 cm, 31.7° ± 6.2°, and 67.3° ± 5.8°, respectively. 41.7% was the prevalence of elongation. No significant difference in prevalence, among age group observed. Type I and Type II classification of elongation was predominantly seen. Type B pattern of calcification was found to be statistically highly significant (P = 0.000) on both right and left sides.

Conclusion:
Diversity of SP in length, angle, and morphology can occur within individuals across populations and among gender; these variations need to be considered in symptomatic patients.
Ischemia-Modified Albumin Levels in Patients with Bell's palsy
Authors: Cirik Ahmet Adnan , Evcimik Muhammed Fatih , Ülfer Gözde , Yiğitbaşi Türkan , Aktaş Öztürk 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Although several causes have been regarded as possible including viral, autoimmune, inflammatory, and vascular ischemia, the accurate etiology and pathophysiology of Bell's palsy (BP) remain unclear. The aim of the present article was to determine whether serum levels of ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) are associated with BP and if there is a posttreatment change in IMA levels.

Materials and Methods:
This was a prospective study enrolling 23 patients (10 males and 13 females; mean age: 44.71 ± 16.72 years; and range, 20–57 years) and 23 healthy individuals (12 males and 11 females; mean age: 37.91 ± 9.16 years; and range, 9–73 years) as the control group. Blood samples were obtained from the antecubital vein from all of the volunteers. Albumin cobalt binding test was used to obtain the IMA levels.

Results:
The mean IMA level was 0.38 ± 0.06 absorbance units in the study group at the time of diagnosis, 0.35 ± 0.07 absorbance units at the posttreatment period, and 0.35 ± 0.06 absorbance units in the control group. IMA levels of patients in posttreatment period were lower than the onset of illness. The result was statistically significant (P = 0.01).

Conclusion:
The data demonstrate that IMA decreased in BP with treatment. This is a preliminary study and we could not obtain results that clearly support the ischemic hypothesis of pathogenesis of BP; we think it gives an idea for further studies.
Clinical Implications of Culture and Sensitivity Data in Chronic Otitis Media
Authors: Gangwar Navneeta , Siddapur Geetha Kishan , Sharma Shalaka 
Published: May 2024

Context:
Persistent ear discharge in chronic otitis media leads to various complications, hearing loss, and is a hindrance in the successful surgical management of the patients. Recent and updated culture and sensitivity data are an imperative tool in achieving this goal. Empirical antibiotics lead to the development of resistant organisms.

Aims:
This study aimed to identify the most common organisms in chronic otitis media and to study the current sensitivity and resistance patterns to the antibiotics.

Settings and Design:
This was a retrospective descriptive study

. Subjects and Methods:
Retrospective data were collected for patients visiting the outpatient department of the department of otorhinolaryngology from May 2019 to September 2020, who underwent culture and sensitivity for ear discharge.

Results:

Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common organism isolated (54.6%) and showed the highest sensitivity toward piperacillin/tazobactam and polymyxin-B (96.4%). Staphylococcus aureus was the second most common organism which showed the highest sensitivity toward linezolid and teicoplanin (100%). Both Pseudomonas and S. aureus showed the lowest sensitivity toward ciprofloxacin. The incidence of multidrug resistance organisms was 46%. All Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were resistant to ciprofloxacin.

Conclusion:
The study data indicate a shift in the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of the organisms. Due to the high resistance pattern, ciprofloxacin should be avoided in empirical treatment regimens. Culture and sensitivity should be made mandatory for all ear discharges and we should have antibiotic protocols based on recent culture and sensitivity data.
Tent screws: Predictable guided bone regeneration
Authors: Durrani Farhan , Singh Preeti , Pandey Aishwarya , Tripathi Kaushal Pati , Vishnu J. P. , Imran Fouzia , Taslim Aabida 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Bone regeneration of large maxillary and mandibular alveolar ridge defects is clinically challenging. Various techniques have been described for the reconstruction of these deficiencies before implant placement. The tent screw-pole technique is one of the effective methods available for clinicians to perform the predictable functional and esthetic reconstruction. The aim of this prospective report was to evaluate clinical and three-dimensional radiographic analyses of two patients treated with xenograft and particulate autogenous bone using tenting screws for regeneration of compromised partial edentulous ridges.
Use of Short Term Ventilation Tube in Children Having Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion
Authors: Al-Alwan Ahmed Mohammed , Kadhim Sura , Alsarhan Haider Wahab 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Otitis media with effusion is a collection of fluid inside the middle ear cleft, treatment of this condition include medical and surgical methods. This research goal is to focus and specify the clinical features of OME and the association between the new staging and the postoperative findings after surgery of insertion of ventilation tubes (VTs).

Objectives:
The objective of the study was to assess postoperative sequelae after VT insertion in children.

Patients and Methods:
Thirty two children with OME with surgical insertion of short term ventilation tubes were included in this study and followed up for one year.

Results:
In 22 patients, the fluid aspirated surgically after myringotomy was serous, whereas 10 patients were mucinous; for the patients, 53.12% had recurrence, whereas 46.88% showed no recurrence of OME. Only 6.25% of cases included in this study developed myringosclerosis; no otorrhea was reported during the period of the presence of VT in the tympanic membrane, no persistent tympanic membrane perforation after VT auto-extrusion.

Conclusion:
Even though VT have shown to be very useful in solving conductive hearing loss, its efficacy is a matter of debate in preventing long-term poor effects of the tympanic membrane and delayed onset of hearing loss. Even though ventilation tubes have shown to be very useful in solving the problem of conductive hearing loss.
Hypoxia-inducible Factors: Molecular Basis and Clinical Implications
Authors: Assi Mohammed Hussein 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are transcriptional factors that have a vital role in regulating a diversity of cell activities in response to cellular and tissue hypoxia. To date, there are three types of HIFs (HIF-1, HIF-2, and HIF-3), all share a common structure and function, and their activations are associated with many pathological conditions, including congenital anomalies, chronic inflammation, infections, and cancer. Furthermore, stimulation and/or inhibition of HIFs can be regarded as an innovative way to prevent and treat various conditions. This review aimed to clarify the knowledge about the function of HIFs in cellular homeostasis. Moreover, it tries to summarize the functions of HIF signaling in human health and diseases and the benefits of different drugs that target HIF signaling.
Chest X-ray Findings in Community-acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Ibrahim Marwan Majeed 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is an important subject in pulmonary medicine and chest imaging plays a major role in the diagnosis and chest x ray (CXR) historically are the image of choice in the workup. Aims and objectives: to provide the role of chest X-ray (CXR) in diagnosis of pneumonia.

Materials and Methods:
This study which involves 185 cases of high clinical probability of CAP investigated by CXR and several patterns of infiltrates has been detected mainly lobar pneumonia followed by interstitial infiltrates then lobular and bronchopneumonic pattern. Chest x ray is not only a tool for diagnosis but also can be utilized in the follow up for resolution or development of complications.

Results:
CXR is a good modality for pneumonia diagnosis in which lobar pattern of infiltrate was the most common type 82 patient (44.3%), followed by interstitial pattern which was 57 patients (30.8%), then bronchopneumonia pattern 21 patient (11.3%) and lobular pattern 20 patient (10.8%).

Conclusions and Recommendations:
Chest x ray plays a major role in diagnosis of pneumonia, it can provide information about any structural pulmonary diseases , exclude alternative diagnoses and even giving an idea about the possible underlying pathogen and hence the antibiotic that preferred to be use; so we recommend to use CXR as an initial modality of choice in cases of suspected pneumonia.
A Morphological and Morphometric Study of Talus in Relation to Ankle Implant
Authors: Singh Archana , Singh Arun 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The talus is the second-largest tarsal bone. Morphometric analysis of both sides of the talus is necessary to know the right–left symmetry for implant design and for mechanical testing for surgeons and orthopedicians. Hence, this study was done to observe the facets of the inferior surface of the talus and to measure the morphometric parameters of the talus.

Methodology:
This cross-sectional study was carried out on a total of 66 dry adult human tali (33 of the right side and 33 of the left side). Morphologically, the types of articular facets on the head of the talus were assessed and classified as done by Boyan et al. as -Type A1, Type A2, Type A3, Type A4, Type B, and Type C. Morphometric evaluation of talus was done with the help of digital vernier caliper, and anteroposterior distance (length), maximum transverse width, vertical height of talus, length of sulcus tali, width of sulcus tali, depth of sulcus tali, and head–neck length (HNL) of talus were measures. Neck-body angle of the talus was also measured. Statistical analysis was performed, and data were expressed as mean, minimum, maximum values, and standard deviation.

Results:
In the present study, Type A1 facet was found in 51.5% of the talus, in 28.8% of Type A2, in 12.1% of Type A3, in 1.5% of Type A4, in 6.5% of Type B, and none of Type C facet found. The mean length, width, and height of the talus were 52.74 ± 4.39 mm, 31.45 ± 2.74 mm, and 25.93 ± 2.64 mm, respectively. The width, length, and depth of sulcus tali were 5.9 ± 1.02 mm, 21.88 ± 3.07 mm, and 5.52 ± 1.25 mm, respectively. HNL of talus was 15.72 ± 2.73 mm, and neck-body angle of the talus was 153.88° ±4.64°, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found on both sides except neck-body angle, where P = 0.031 (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The values of neck-body angle of the right side talus were higher than the left side, and the difference was statistically significant. Hence, the measurement of this study may help the surgeons to choose the appropriate size of the prosthesis for talus implantation surgeries.
Morphometric Study of Fissures of Lung with its Clinical Implications
Authors: Singh Sabita , Baa Jeneeta , Soy Arpita , Sar Mamata , Bara Dibya Prabha 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Complete or incomplete fissures divide the lung into lobes. Fissures can also be absent in the lung. Quantitative assessment of the completeness of fissures can be helpful for surgeons and radiologists during invasive procedures related to the lung. Hence, the present study was undertaken to record the extent of completeness of fissures, contour of the fissural surface of lobes, and accessory fissures.

Methodology:
The present study was done on 78 (right-40 and left-38) formalin-fixed random lung specimens obtained from adult cadavers.

Results:
Majority of oblique oblique fissures were incomplete (left-60.5% and right-60%). The absence of fissures was mainly seen in horizontal fissures (25%). Quantitative assessment for the degree of pulmonary fissure completeness showed that G0 and G3 were found more in the right oblique fissure (ROF) and horizontal fissure, G1 and G2 more in the left and ROF, respectively. Fissural surface of lower lobe was concave in the upper part and convex in the lower part, whereas fissural surface of middle lobe was convex in the majority of cases. Accessory fissures were found in 21.8%. Azygos fissure was present in two right lungs. A strong correlation was found between the depth of oblique fissure and the thickness of left lung.

Conclusion:
High frequency of incomplete fissures was found. Accessory fissures were commonly observed in the right lung. A wide range of variations in the completeness of fissures was noticed between the present and previous studies. Hence, surgeons and radiologists should be alert of these variations for surgical planning and interpretation of radiological images.
Rare Anatomic Variant
Authors: Gardner Michael T. , Cawich Shamir O. , Shetty Ramanand , Lodenquai Patrick , Zheng Yuxue 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The celiac-mesenteric trunk is an anatomic variant where there is a common origin for the superior mesenteric artery and celiac trunk. We sought to determine the prevalence of this variation in an Afro-Caribbean population.

Methodology:
Anatomic dissections were observed over 5 years, and specimens with celiac-mesenteric trunks were identified for detailed investigation. We measured celiac-mesenteric trunk diameters at their origin from the aorta.

Results:
Dissections were performed in sixty-nine cadavers at a mean age of 68 years (range 55–85). Only one celiac-mesenteric trunk (1.5%) was encountered in an Afro-Caribbean male. This cadaver had no other morphologic anomalies. The celiac-mesenteric trunk had an internal diameter of 13.06 mm at its origin (55% aortic diameter).

Conclusion:
In this Afro-Caribbean population, a celiac-mesenteric trunk was found in 1.5% of unselected cadavers. This formidable vessel was 55% of the aortic diameter. Therefore, healthcare professionals must be aware of this variant to avoid inadvertent injury during clinical interventions.
Ovotesticular Disorder of Sex Development in a Tertiary Care Center in North India: A Single-center Analysis over a 5-year Period
Authors: Chowdhary Sarita , Upadhayaya Maneesha , Rai Gunjan , Kaur Manpreet , Singh Nitish Kumar , Sharma Kanika , Yadav Ritesh , Naik Bitan , Sharma Shiv Prasad , Singh Royana 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Disorders of sexual development (DSD) encompass a group of congenital conditions characterized by diverse genotypic and phenotypic variations. Ovotesticular (OT) DSD is a distinctive subtype within this spectrum. Among the array of DSD, OT-DSD stands as one of the most infrequent anomalies, with reported prevalence rates as scarce as 1 in 83,000. This study aims to elucidate the clinical, hormonal, cytogenetic, surgical, and histopathological characteristics of OT disorder of sex development (OT-DSD) within a tertiary center in North India.

Methodology:
A retrospective analysis was conducted, involving a comprehensive review of records pertaining to OT-DSD patients from the years 2018 to 2022, all of whom were incorporated into the study.

Results:
The mean age of presentation in this study was 10 years, spanning from 6 to 15 years. Predominantly, the affected individuals were male, with a solitary patient representing the female category. Clinical manifestations displayed a spectrum encompassing genital ambiguity, inguinal swelling, and primary amenorrhea. The karyotypes observed were 46,XX in four patients and 46,XY in one patient. A holistic assessment, inclusive of clinical evaluation, hormonal assays, pelvic ultrasonography, and surgical intervention when necessary, was administered to all patients. Among these cases, three patients were reared as males, their gender assignment driven by external genital appearance and sociocultural influences. Notably, none of the patients manifested gonadal tumors during the course of the study.

Conclusion:
In cases of ambiguous genitalia, the consideration of OT-DSD should be integral to the differential diagnosis, underscoring the significance of heightened clinical awareness and informed decision-making.
An Observational Study of Human Fetal Acetabulum in Western Tamilnadu
Authors: Mathivanan Dharmalingam , Nirmaladevi Murugesan , Jamuna Meenakshisundaram 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Ten percent of congenital dislocation of hip (CDH) is familial. Many previous studies attribute shallow acetabular cavity (dysplasia trait) as the main reason. Anthropological studies revealed different observations of fetal acetabulum, regarding the side and gender involvement of CDH due to varied geographical conditions and genetical traits. With this backdrop, the study was designed to assess the morphological and morphometric parameters of fetal acetabulum in western Tamil Nadu population.

Methodology:
Thirty fetuses (15 males and 15 females) were obtained from the O and G Department of PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research. Fetuses were grouped into three groups under the age criteria as 12–20 weeks, 21–30 weeks, and 31–40 weeks. The diameter, depth, and shape of the acetabulum were observed and documented for gender and side variations.

Results:
In our study, there was a significant correlation between the parameters taken. With advance in the gestational, there was a significant increase in diameter of the acetabulum. The acetabular cavity had become shallower with an increase in age of the fetus.

Conclusions:
In our study, there were no significant differences observed in the morphology & morphometry of acetabulum wrt side and gender of the fetuses.
Novel Finding: Hyo-mandibular Ligament- A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Neill Meghan , Nation Haley 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Many anatomical variations have been described in the deep neck; several of these are associated with the hyolarynx complex, consisting of the styloid process, hyoid bone, stylohyoid ligament, and thyroid, cricoid, and arytenoid cartilages as well as their associated ligaments.

Methodology:
An anterolateral deep dissection of the neck was performed bilaterally in 37 donors.

Results:
A novel ligament was found to connect the lesser horns of the hyoid bone to the angle of the mandible bilaterally in seven body donors (a total of 14 sides). To the best of our knowledge, the presence or function of a ligament connecting the lesser horns of the hyoid bone to the mandible has never been previously described or reported. Due to its proximal and distal attachment sites, we have termed this finding a “hyomandibular ligament.”

Conclusion:
This unique finding is clinically relevant and may add insight into the structural and functional variations of the deep neck. Knowledge of this structure and similar anatomical variations may provide an explanation for idiopathic difficulties, chewing or swallowing as a by-product of limited hyoideal mobility.