bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenylephrine protects cardiomyocytes from starvation‐induced apoptosis by increasing glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) activity
Authors: Yao Ling‐Ling , Wang Yong‐Gang , Liu Xiu‐Jie , Zhou Yu , Li Na , Liu Jun , Zhu Yi‐Chun 
Published: January 2012

AbstractGlyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is known to be a “housekeeping” protein; studies in non‐cardiomyocytic cells have shown that GAPDH plays pro‐apoptotic role by translocating from cytoplasm to the nucleus or to the mitochondria. However, the cardiovascular roles of GAPDH are unknown. We observed that phenylephrine (PE) (100 µM) protected against serum and glucose starvation ‐induced apoptosis in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes as assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization. GAPDH glycolysis activity was positively correlated with the antiapoptotic action of PE. GAPDH activity inhibition blunted PE‐induced protection of the mitochondrial membrane potential and cardiomyocytes. PE‐induced Bcl‐2 protein increase, Bax mitochondrial decrease and inhibition of cytochrome C release and Caspase 3 activation, as well as ROS production were blunted by GAPDH activity inhibition. Moreover, GAPDH overexpression provided protection against starvation‐induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vitro and ischemia‐induced cardiac infarction in vivo. Inhibition of Akt prevented PE‐induced GAPDH activity increase and cardiomyocytes protection. In conclusion, the present study provides the first direct evidence of an antiapoptotic role of GAPDH in PE‐induced cardiomyocytes protection; GAPDH activity elevation mainly affects the mitochondria‐induced apoptosis. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 3518–3527, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
How much can air conditioning increase air temperatures for a city like Paris, France?
Authors: de Munck Cécile , Pigeon Grégoire , Masson Valéry , Meunier Francis , Bousquet Pierre , Tréméac Brice , Merchat Michèle , Poeuf Pierre , Marchadier Colette 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA consequence of urban heat islands in summer is an increase in the use of air conditioning in urbanized areas, which while cooling the insides of buildings, releases waste heat to the atmosphere. A coupled model consisting of a meso‐scale meteorological model (MESO‐NH) and an urban energy balance model (TEB) has been used to simulate and quantify the potential impacts on street temperature of four air conditioning scenarios at the scale of Paris. The first case consists of simulating the current types of systems in the city and was based on inventories of dry and evaporative cooling towers and free cooling systems with the river Seine. The other three scenarios were chosen to test the impacts of likely trends in air conditioning equipment in the city: one for which all evaporative and free cooling systems were replaced by dry systems, and the other two designed on a future doubling of the overall air conditioning power but with different technologies. The comparison between the scenarios with heat releases in the street and the baseline case without air conditioning showed a systematic increase in the street air temperature, and this increase was greater at nighttime than day time. It is counter‐intuitive because the heat releases are higher during the day. This is due to the shallower atmospheric boundary layer during the night. The increase in temperature was 0.5 °C in the situation with current heat releases, 1 °C with current releases converted to only sensible heat, and 2 °C for the future doubling of air conditioning waste heat released to air. These results demonstrated to what extent the use of air conditioning could enhance street air temperatures at the scale of a city like Paris, and the importance of a spatialized approach for a reasoned planning for future deployment of air conditioning in the city.
Monitoring buried jejunum free flaps with a sentinel: A retrospective study of 20 cases
Authors: Dionyssopoulos Alexander , Odobescu Andrei , Foroughi Yasmine , Harris Patrick , Karagergou Eleni , Guertin Louis , Ferraro Pasquale , Danino Alain M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The free jejunum transfer has become a widely used reconstruction option after total laryngopharyngectomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using an exteriorized jejunal segment for flap monitoring.Study Design:Case series.Methods:Twenty patients with tumors involving the pharynx, larynx, or cervical esophagus were subjected to total laryngopharyngectomy and neck dissection. The resulting esophageal defect was reconstructed with a free jejunal flap based on a major branch of the superior mesenteric artery and vein. After completion of anastomoses with the recipient vessels, the flap was divided into two segments of common vascular supply. The smaller segment was exteriorized in the cervical region for direct monitoring of serosal color, temperature, peristalsis, and bleeding during the postoperative period. This sentinel was resected once the viability of the flap was judged appropriate.Results:Of the 20 patients who had free jejunum transfers for pharyngoesophageal reconstruction, 14 had an uneventful postoperative course, and six needed re‐exploration due to signs of arterial insufficiency in the sentinel segment. On re‐exploration, four flaps were found to have arterial thrombosis and two had no abnormality at the anastomotic site. One of the flaps that developed thrombosis was subsequently lost.Conclusions:Monitoring of buried free jejunal flap with a sentinel is an effective method of assessing flap viability after total laryngopharyngectomy and guides re‐exploration in cases of anastomotic complications.
Cosmetics and function: Quality‐of‐Life changes after rhinoplasty surgery
Authors: Saleh Amy M. , Younes Ahmed , Friedman Oren 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To measure patient quality of life after rhinoplasty in regard to nose appearance and function with use of the modern structural and functional surgical approach.Study Design:Retrospective chart review at a tertiary referral center.Methods:We performed a retrospective chart review with prospective follow‐up. All patients with rhinoplasty in the past 5 years by the senior author were identified. Patients who simultaneously underwent additional nasal surgery were excluded. McNemar test was used to compare preoperative and postoperative clinical evaluations. Paired t tests were used to evaluate questionnaire scores preoperatively and postoperatively from the nasal obstruction symptom evaluation and rhinoplasty outcome evaluation. Two‐group t tests were used for comparative analysis after dividing patients into two groups on the basis of dorsal reduction, osteotomies, open versus closed approach, and revisions.Results:Among 370 patients invited, 126 participated and 113 provided completed questionnaires. Analysis of preoperative and postoperative nasal‐obstruction symptom evaluation scores showed a median difference of −40 (quartiles, −25 and −60), indicating improvement (P < .01). Preoperative and postoperative rhinoplasty outcome evaluation scores showed a median difference of 29.2 (quartiles, 12 and 50), also indicating improvement (P < .01). Difference in improvement in scores was not significant when groups were divided on the basis of dorsal reduction, osteotomies, and open versus closed approach or whether rhinoplasty was primary versus revision.Conclusions:Modern rhinoplasty techniques that depend on a strong structural framework of grafts compared with the traditional reduction rhinoplasty techniques significantly improve patient quality of life in regard to nose function and appearance.
Clinical trial of regeneration of aged vocal folds with growth factor therapy
Authors: Hirano Shigeru , Tateya Ichiro , Kishimoto Yo , Kanemaru Shin‐ichi , Ito Juichi 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Aged vocal folds are characterized by atrophy of the mucosa, which causes mucosal wave deficiency and glottal insufficiency. This clinical trial examined the regenerative effects and safety considerations of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on restoration of aged vocal folds.Study Design:Institutional review board–approved human clinical trial.Methods:Ten patients (6 men and 4 women; mean age, 70.1 years) were recruited in the trial. Ten micrograms of bFGF was injected into each treated vocal fold. Injection was performed unilaterally or bilaterally according to each patient's need and repeated up to seven times if necessary. Patient follow‐up continued for at least 6 months. The effectiveness of the treatment was assessed by stroboscopic, acoustic, and aerodynamic measurements.Results:All patients showed improvement of voice. Significant improvements in maximum phonation time, mean flow rate, jitter, shimmer, and noise‐to‐harmonic ratio lasted for at least 1 year. No allergic or long‐term adverse effects were noted.Conclusions:This clinical trial suggests that bFGF may be effective and safe as a regenerative agent for aged vocal folds.
Hennebert's sign in superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome: A Video Case Report
Authors: Shuman Andrew G. , Rizvi Syed S. , Pirouet Chantale W. , Heidenreich Katherine D. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSuperior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) syndrome has been called the great otologic mimicker because its presentation overlaps with otosclerosis, Meniere's disease, perilymphatic fistula, and patulous eustachian tube. A valuable examination finding that can help distinguish SSCD syndrome from other pathologic conditions is the presence of Hennebert's sign, in which pressure changes in the external auditory canal evoke stereotyped eye movements that align in the plane of the dehiscent semicircular canal. This video case report demonstrates Hennebert's sign associated with SSCD syndrome and discusses its pathophysiological basis.
Cervical metastasis of germ cell tumors: Evaluation, management, complications, and outcomes
Authors: Mehra Saral , Liu Jeffrey , Gupta Amit , Sheinfeld Joel , Kraus Dennis 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Head and neck surgeons can be involved in the management of germ cell tumor (GCT) metastatic to the neck from initial diagnosis through postchemotherapy management of residual neck masses. This article reports on 34 consecutive patients with GCT metastatic to the neck.Study Design:Retrospective chart review.Methods:A single‐institution retrospective chart review of 34 consecutive patients with GCT metastatic to the neck who underwent postchemotherapy neck surgery between 1991 and 2009 was performed.Results:Seventy‐four percent of patients had a neck mass at initial diagnosis, with 50% of patients having a neck mass as the presenting symptom leading to a diagnosis of GCT. Of the 37 neck procedures, positive nodes were found in 22. No significant relationship between preoperative tumor markers and neck pathology (P = .35) was identified. No patients had neck recurrence. No patients had permanent nerve injury or chyle leak. As a secondary end point, survival analysis related to cervical pathology showed that viable tumor in the neck predicted disease‐specific survival (P = .01). Five‐ and 10‐year disease‐specific survival was 82.3% (median, 52‐month follow‐up).Conclusions:Operative management for patients with metastatic GCT to the neck can achieve long‐term durable cervical control with limited complications.
Case‐control study of risk factors for spasmodic dysphonia: A comparison with other voice disorders
Authors: Tanner Kristine , Roy Nelson , Merrill Ray M. , Sauder Cara , Houtz Daniel R. , Smith Marshall E. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:This epidemiology study examined risk factors uniquely associated with spasmodic dysphonia (SD).Study Design:Case‐control.Methods:A questionnaire was administered to 150 patients with SD (with and without coexisting vocal tremor) and 136 patients with other structural, neurological, and functional voice disorders (excluding SD and vocal tremor). Questions included personal and family medical histories, environmental exposures, trauma, illnesses, voice use habits, and the Short Form 36.Results:Several factors were uniquely associated with SD (α = .05), including: 1) a personal history of cervical dystonia, sinus and throat illnesses, mumps, rubella, dust exposure, and frequent volunteer voice use, 2) a family history of voice disorders, 3) an immediate family history of vocal tremor and meningitis, and 4) an extended family history of head and neck tremor, ocular disease, and meningitis. Vocal tremor coexisted with SD in 29% of cases. Measles and mumps vaccines were protective for SD.Conclusions:SD is likely multifactorial and associated with several endogenous and exogenous factors. Certain viral exposures, voice use patterns, and familial neurological conditions may contribute to the onset of SD later in life.
Endoscopic skull base reconstruction of large dural defects: A Systematic Review of Published Evidence
Authors: Harvey Richard J. , Parmar Priscilla , Sacks Raymond , Zanation Adam M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Systematically review the outcomes of endoscopic endonasal techniques to reconstruct large skull base defects (ESBR). Such surgical innovation is likely to be reported in case series, retrospective cohorts, or case‐control studies rather than higher level evidence.Study Design:Systematic review and meta‐analysis.Methods:Embase (1980–December 7, 2010) and MEDLINE (1950–November 14, 2010) were searched using a search strategy designed to include any publication on endoscopic endonasal reconstruction of the skull base. A title search selected those articles relevant to the clinical or basic science of an endoscopic approach. A subsequent abstract search selected articles of any defect other than simple cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula, sella only, meningoceles, or simple case reports. The articles selected were subject to full‐text review to extract data on perioperative outcomes for ESBR. Surgical technique was used for subgroup analysis.Results:There were 4,770 articles selected initially, and full‐text analysis produced 38 studies with extractable data regarding ESBR. Of these articles, 12 described a vascularized reconstruction, 17 described free graft, and nine were mixed reconstructions. Three had mixed data in clearly defined patient groups that could be used for meta‐analysis. The overall CSF leak rate was 11.5% (70/609). This was represented as a 15.6% leak rate (51/326) for free grafts and a 6.7% leak rate (19/283) for the vascularized reconstructions (χ2 = 11.88, P = .001).Conclusions:Current evidence suggests that ESBR with vascularized tissue is associated with a lower rate of CSF leaks compared to free tissue graft and is similar to reported closure rates in open surgical repair.
The evolution of silicon photonics as an enabling technology for optical interconnection
Authors: Doylend J.K. , Knights A.P. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSilicon photonics defines a significant advancement in the development of highly integrated devices on a single semiconductor substrate. As a revolutionizing technology it benefits from the vast infrastructure accumulated over the previous six decades to service the burgeoning microelectronics industry and has found application in a range of areas such as telecommunications, sensing and optical interconnects. It is this latter application which is addressed primarily in this review. The potential for silicon photonics as a solution to high data rate transmission through the description of the devices and processes which have emerged in the last decade is discussed. An attempt is thus made to demonstrate that the integration of photonic and electronic functionality on a silicon substrate has the potential to propel communication beyond the Terabit per second threshold in a widely deployable paradigm.
Micro‐ and submicrometric waveguiding structures in optical crystals produced by ion beams for photonic applications
Authors: Chen F. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractEnergetic ion beams with diverse energies, species and beam dimensions have been extensively utilized to modify the properties of materials to achieve versatile applications in many aspects of industry, agriculture and scientific research. In optics, the ion‐beam technology has been applied to fabricate various micro‐ and submicrometric guiding structures on a wide range of optical crystals through the efficient modulation of the refractive indices or structuring of the surface, realizing various applications in many branches of photonics. The ion‐beam fabricated optical waveguides and other photonic structures have shown good guiding performance as well as properties related to the materials, suggesting promising potential for many aspects of photonics. This paper gives the state‐of‐the‐art review of fabrication, characterization and application on the ion‐beam‐processed micro‐ and submicrometric photonic structures by highlighting the most recent research progress. A brief prospect is presented by focusing on a few potential spotlights.
Synthesis of Block Copolymers by Combination of Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization and Visible Light‐Induced Free Radical Promoted Cationic Polymerization
Authors: Kahveci Muhammet U. , Acik Gokhan , Yagci Yusuf 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA new synthetic approach for the preparation of block copolymers by mechanistic transformation from atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) to visible light‐induced free radical promoted cationic polymerization is described. A series of halide end‐functionalized polystyrenes with different molecular weights synthesized by ATRP were utilized as macro‐coinitiators in dimanganese decacarbonyl [Mn2(CO)10] mediated free radical promoted cationic photopolymerization of cyclohexene oxide or isobutyl vinyl ether. Precursor polymers and corresponding block copolymers were characterized by spectral, chromatographic, and thermal analyses.
DREAM—a novel approach for robust, ultrafast, multislice B1 mapping
Authors: Nehrke Kay , Börnert Peter 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA novel multislice B1‐mapping method dubbed dual refocusing echo acquisition mode is proposed, able to cover the whole transmit coil volume in only one second, which is more than an order of magnitude faster than established approaches. The dual refocusing echo acquisition mode technique employs a stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) preparation sequence followed by a tailored single‐shot gradient echo sequence, measuring simultaneously the stimulated echo and the free induction decay as gradient‐recalled echoes, and determining the actual flip angle of the STEAM preparation radiofrequency pulses from the ratio of the two measured signals. Due to an elaborated timing scheme, the method is insensitive against susceptibility/chemical shift effects and can deliver a B0 phase map and a transceive phase map for free. The approach has only a weak T1 and T2 dependence and moreover, causes only a low specific absorption rate (SAR) burden. The accuracy of the method with respect to systematic and statistical errors is investigated both, theoretically and in experiments on phantoms. In addition, the performance of the approach is demonstrated in vivo in B1‐mapping and radiofrequency shimming experiments on the abdomen, the legs, and the head on an eight‐channel parallel transmit 3 T MRI system. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An algebraic multilevel method for anisotropic elliptic equations based on subgraph matching
Authors: Brannick James , Chen Yao , Zikatanov Ludmil 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYThis paper presents a strength of connection measure for algebraic multilevel algorithms for a class of linear systems corresponding to the graph Laplacian on a general graph. The coarsening in the multilevel algorithm is based on partitioning in subgraphs (using matching) of the underlying graph. Our idea is to define a local measure of the quality of the matching that follows from a commutative diagram we introduce, whose maximum gives an upper bound on the stability (energy seminorm) of the orthogonal projection on the coarse space. As an application, we focus on utilizing this measure as a tool for constructing coarse spaces for anisotropic diffusion problems. Specifically, we consider the diffusion equation with grid aligned as well as non‐grid‐aligned anisotropies in the diffusion coefficient and show that the strength of connection measure is able to appropriately capture the correct anisotropic behavior in both cases. We then study a coarsening algorithm that uses this measure in a greedy strategy to find the subgraph partitioning (set of aggregates). The process forms an initial set of subgraphs, each consisting of a single vertex, and then adds vertices to these subgraphs corresponding to the local direction of the anisotropy as determined by the proposed measure. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hermitian‐type generalized singular value decomposition with applications
Authors: Liu Yonghui , Tian Yongge 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYFor a pair of given Hermitian matrix A and rectangular matrix B with the same row number, we reformulate a well‐known simultaneous Hermitian‐type generalized singular value decomposition (HGSVD) with more precise structure and parameters and use it to derive some algebraic properties of the linear Hermitian matrix function A−BXB* and Hermitian solution of the matrix equation BXB* = A, and the canonical form of a partitioned Hermitian matrix and some optimization problems on its inertia and rank. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toward a systems level view of the ECM and related proteins: A framework for the systematic definition and analysis of biological systems
Authors: Cromar Graham L. , Xiong Xuejian , Chautard Emilie , Ricard‐Blum Sylvie , Parkinson John 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAdvances in high throughput 'omic technologies are starting to provide unprecedented insights into how components of biological systems are organized and interact. Key to exploiting these datasets is the definition of the components that comprise the system of interest. Although a variety of knowledge bases exist that capture such information, a major challenge is determining how these resources may be best utilized. Here we present a systematic curation strategy to define a systems‐level view of the human extracellular matrix (ECM)—a three‐dimensional meshwork of proteins and polysaccharides that impart structure and mechanical stability to tissues. Employing our curation strategy we define a set of 357 proteins that represent core components of the ECM, together with an additional 524 genes that mediate related functional roles, and construct a map of their physical interactions. Topological properties help identify modules of functionally related proteins, including those involved in cell adhesion, bone formation and blood clotting. Because of its major role in cell adhesion, proliferation and morphogenesis, defects in the ECM have been implicated in cancer, atherosclerosis, asthma, fibrosis, and arthritis. We use MeSH annotations to identify modules enriched for specific disease terms that aid to strengthen existing as well as predict novel gene‐disease associations. Mapping expression and conservation data onto the network reveal modules evolved in parallel to convey tissue‐specific functionality on otherwise broadly expressed units. In addition to demonstrating an effective workflow for defining biological systems, this study crystallizes our current knowledge surrounding the organization of the ECM. Proteins 2012;. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.