bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Public Health Implications
Authors: Goh Khean‐Lee , Chan Wah‐Kheong , Shiota Seiji , Yamaoka Yoshio 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis review summarizes studies on the epidemiology and public health implications of Helicobacter pylori published in peer‐reviewed journals from April 2010 through March 2011. Prevalence rates vary widely between different geographical regions and ethnic groups. An interesting study from the USA identified the degree of African ancestry as an independent predictor of H. pylori infection. Two studies have demonstrated early childhood as the period of transmission of infection and identified an infected sibling as an important risk factor. An oral–oral route of spread has been substantiated with several studies showing the presence of H. pylori in the oral cavity. Studies have shown the presence of H. pylori in drinking water and the role of poor living conditions and sanitation in H. pylori infection, supporting an oral–fecal route of spread. Screening for H. pylori as a gastric cancer pre‐screening strategy has been described in Japan, and the importance of H. pylori eradication as a gastric cancer–prevention strategy has now been further emphasized in Japanese guidelines. Two studies have shown a decrease in the burden of dyspepsia and peptic ulcer disease with H. pylori eradication.
Pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori Infection
Authors: Backert Steffen , Clyne Marguerite 
Published: September 2011

AbstractHelicobacter pylori infections and clinical outcome are dependent on sophisticated interactions between the bacteria and its host. Crucial bacterial factors associated with pathogenicity comprise a type IV secretion system encoded by the cag pathogenicity island, the effector protein CagA, the vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA), peptidoglycan, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), protease HtrA, and the adhesins BabA, SabA, and others. The high number of these factors and allelic variation of the involved genes generates a highly complex scenario and reveals the difficulties in testing the contribution of each individual factor. Much effort has been put into identifying the molecular mechanisms associated with H. pylori‐associated pathogenesis using human primary tissues, Mongolian gerbils, transgenic, knockout, and other mice as well as in vitro cell model systems. Interactions between bacterial factors and host signal transduction pathways seem to be critical for mediating the induction of pathogenic downstream processes and disease development. In this review article, we discuss the most recent progress in this research field.
Gastric Cancer: Basic Aspects
Authors: Resende Carlos , Thiel Alexandra , Machado José C. , Ristimäki Ari 
Published: September 2011

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is a world health burden, ranging as the second cause of cancer death worldwide. Etiologically, GC arises not only from the combined effects of environmental factors and susceptible genetic variants but also from the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations. In the last years, molecular oncobiology studies brought to light a number of genes that are implicated in gastric carcinogenesis. This review is intended to focus on the recently described basic aspects that play key roles in the process of gastric carcinogenesis. Genetic variants of the genes IL‐10, IL‐17, MUC1, MUC6, DNMT3B, SMAD4, and SERPINE1 have been reported to modify the risk of developing GC. Several genes have been newly associated with gastric carcinogenesis, both through oncogenic activation (GSK3β, CD133, DSC2, P‐Cadherin, CDH17, CD168, CD44, metalloproteinases MMP7 and MMP11, and a subset of miRNAs) and through tumor suppressor gene inactivation mechanisms (TFF1, PDX1, BCL2L10, XRCC, psiTPTE‐HERV, HAI‐2, GRIK2, and RUNX3). It also addressed the role of the inflammatory mediator cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) in the process of gastric carcinogenesis and its importance as a potential molecular target for therapy.
Extragastric Manifestations of Helicobacter pylori Infection
Authors: Suzuki Hidekazu , Franceschi Francesco , Nishizawa Toshihiro , Gasbarrini Antonio 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn the previous year, some extragastric diseases, possibly linked to Helicobacter pylori infection, have been largely investigated. There are, in fact, several studies concerning cardiovascular diseases, lung diseases, hematologic diseases, eye and skin diseases, hepatobiliary diseases, diabetes mellitus, and neurological disorders. Among them, the relationship between bacterial CagA positivity and coronary heart disease is reportedly emphasized. Concerning normal tension glaucoma, new interesting data are playing in favor of the association with H. pylori infection. For other diseases, there are many interesting results, although more studies are needed to clarify the reality of the proposed association.
The Other Helicobacters
Authors: Smet Annemieke , Flahou Bram , Mukhopadhya Indrani , Ducatelle Richard , Pasmans Frank , Haesebrouck Freddy , Hold Georgina L. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe last year has seen an interesting and important collection of evidence presented in the field of the “other” than Helicobacter pylori Helicobacters. Associations with adult ulcerative colitis and biliary/hepatic disease have been described. New insights into the immune response and subsequent pathogenesis associated with infection have also been published. Genomic advances include description of new and unique species and the complete genome description for both Helicobacter felis and Helicobacter suis. Molecular studies have also elucidated the mechanism of action of some functional components of these organisms.
Hepatocyte Growth Factor‐Transfected Skeletal Myoblasts to Limit the Development of Postinfarction Heart Failure
Authors: Poppe Annika , Golsong Peter , Blumenthal Britta , von Wattenwyl Robert , Blanke Philipp , Beyersdorf Friedhelm , Schlensak Christian , Siepe Matthias 
Published: September 2011

AbstractStem cells transplanted to an injured heart affect the host myocardium indirectly. The cytokine hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) may play a key role in this paracrine activity. We hypothesized that HGF‐overexpressing stem cells would restore cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI). Because there is a high rate of cell death when injecting the cells intramyocardially, we used scaffold‐based cell transfer. Skeletal myoblasts (SkMs) were isolated and expanded from newborn Lewis rats. Cells were transfected with pcDNA3‐huHGF and seeded on polyurethane (PU) scaffolds or diluted in medium for cell injection. The seeded scaffolds were transplanted in rats two weeks after MI (group: PU‐HGF‐SkM) or the infection solution was intramyocardially injected (group: Inj‐HGF‐SkM). Two groups (Inj‐SkM and PU‐SkM) have been prepared with untransfected cells and sham group without any cell therapy served as control (n = 10 each group). At the beginning of treatment (baseline) and six weeks later, hemodynamic parameters were assessed. At the end of the study, histological analysis was employed. In sham animals we detected a decrease in systolic and diastolic function during the observation time. Treatment with untransfected myoblasts did not lead to any significant changes in hemodynamic parameters between the intervention and six weeks later. In group PU‐HGF‐SkM, systolic parameters like dP/dt(max), dP/dt(min) and isovolumic contraction improved significantly from baseline to study end. Some diastolic parameters were inferior as compared to baseline (SB‐Ked, pressure half time [PHT], Tau). In group Inj‐HGF‐SkM, only PHT was impaired as compared to preinterventional values. Histological analysis showed significantly more capillaries in the infarction border zone in groups PU‐HGF‐SkM than in sham and Inj‐SkM group. The infarction size was not affected by the therapy. Transplanting HGF‐transfected myoblasts after MI can limit the development of ventricular dysfunction. Scaffold‐based therapy in combination with gene therapy accelerates this capacity. This hemodynamic amelioration is accompanied by neovascularization, but not by smaller infarction sizes.
Abdominal Hernia Repair With a Decellularized Dermal Scaffold Seeded With Autologous Bone Marrow‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Zhao Yilin , Zhang Zhigang , Wang Jinling , Yin Ping , Zhou Jianyin , Zhen Maochuan , Cui Wugeng , Xu Gang , Yang Donghai , Liu Zhongchen 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSurgeons usually use synthetic polymer meshes for abdominal wall hernia repair. However, synthetic polymer meshes exhibit a lack of growth and related complications. In this study, we produced a tissue‐engineered patch for abdominal hernia repair. Autologous bone–marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were isolated and proliferated in vitro; decellularized dermal scaffolds (DSs) were prepared using enzymatic process; and then BMSCs were seeded onto the DSs for the construction of tissue‐engineered patches. Under general anesthesia, rabbits underwent creation of abdominal wall defects and which were repaired with BMSC‐seeded DSs, acellular DSs, and skin sutures only, respectively. Animals were sacrificed after 2 months for assessing the histological and gross examination. Abdominal hernias were absent in animals repaired with cell‐seeded group, and abdominal hernias or bulges appeared in all animals repaired with acellular group. All the animals that were not repaired died within 10 days. The cell‐seeded implants were thicker and indicated good angiogenesis compared with that of the acellular implants, both in histological and gross examination. The tissue‐engineered patches prepared with BMSCs seeding on DSs can be used for abdominal wall hernia repair.
Standards for epidemiologic studies and surveillance of epilepsy
Authors: Thurman David J. , Beghi Ettore , Begley Charles E. , Berg Anne T. , Buchhalter Jeffrey R. , Ding Ding , Hesdorffer Dale C. , Hauser W. Allen , Kazis Lewis , Kobau Rosemarie , Kroner Barbara , Labiner David , Liow Kore , Logroscino Giancarlo , Medina Marco T. , Newton Charles R. , Parko Karen , Paschal Angelia , Preux Pierre‐Marie , Sander Josemir W. , Selassie Anbesaw , Theodore William , Tomson Torbjörn , Wiebe Samuel ,   for the ILAE Commission on Epidemiology
Published: September 2011

SummaryWorldwide, about 65 million people are estimated to have epilepsy. Epidemiologic studies are necessary to define the full public health burden of epilepsy; to set public health and health care priorities; to provide information needed for prevention, early detection, and treatment; to identify education and service needs; and to promote effective health care and support programs for people with epilepsy. However, different definitions and epidemiologic methods complicate the tasks of these studies and their interpretations and comparisons. The purpose of this document is to promote consistency in definitions and methods in an effort to enhance future population‐based epidemiologic studies, facilitate comparison between populations, and encourage the collection of data useful for the promotion of public health. We discuss: (1) conceptual and operational definitions of epilepsy, (2) data resources and recommended data elements, and (3) methods and analyses appropriate for epidemiologic studies or the surveillance of epilepsy. Variations in these are considered, taking into account differing resource availability and needs among countries and differing purposes among studies.
Lower Extremity Nerve Function, Calf Skeletal Muscle Characteristics, and Functional Performance in Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Garg Parveen K. , Liu Kiang , Ferrucci Luigi , Guralnik Jack M. , Criqui Michael H. , Tian Lu , Sufit Robert , Nishida Takashi , Tao Huimin , Liao Yihua , McDermott Mary M. 
Published: September 2011

ObjectivesTo determine whether poor lower extremity nerve function is associated with less‐favorable calf muscle characteristics and greater functional impairment in people with and without peripheral arterial disease (PAD).DesignCross‐sectional.SettingThree Chicago‐area medical centers.ParticipantsFour hundred thirteen participants with PAD (ankle‐brachial index (ABI) < 0.90) and 255 without.MeasurementsElectrodiagnostic testing of the peroneal nerve was performed. Calf muscle cross‐sectional area and percentage fat were measured using computed tomography at 66.7% of the distance between the distal and proximal tibia. Six‐minute walk performance was measured.ResultsAdjusting for age, sex, race, ABI, leg symptoms, smoking, physical activity, comorbidities, and other covariates, lower peroneal nerve conduction velocity (NCV) was associated with lower calf muscle area (first quartile 4,770.3 mm2, fourth quartile 5,571 mm2, P < .001) and poorer 6‐minute walk distance (first quartile 989.2 feet, fourth quartile 1,210.8 feet, P < .001) in participants without diabetes mellitus with PAD. Lower peroneal NCV was associated with lower calf muscle area (first quartile 5,166.0 mm2, fourth quartile 6,003.8 mm2, P = .01) and poorer 6‐minute walk distance (first quartile 866.4 feet, fourth quartile 1,082.5 feet, P = .01) in participants with diabetes mellitus and PAD as well. In participants without PAD, lower peroneal NCV was not associated with lower calf muscle area but was associated with poorer 6‐minute walk distance only in participants without diabetes mellitus (first quartile 1,317.0 feet, fourth quartile 1,570.4 feet, P‐trend < .001).ConclusionLower peroneal nerve function is associated with smaller calf muscle area and greater functional impairment in individuals with PAD. Future study is needed to determine whether improving peroneal NCV prevents loss of calf muscle and functional decline in people with PAD.
Radial Artery Pseudoaneurysm in aMaineCoon Cat
Authors: Hall Jon L. , Lee Karla C. L. , Priestnall Simon , Lamb Christopher R. 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveTo report the diagnosis and treatment of a radial artery pseudoaneurysm in a cat.Study DesignClinical report.AnimalMaineCoon cat (8‐year‐old neutered male).MethodsUltrasonographic and angiographic examination of a fluctuant, nonpainful, 3 cm × 1.5 cm subcutaneous swelling on the craniomedial distal aspect of the right radius that occurred 40 days after suspected cat bite trauma was consistent with a radial artery pseudoaneurysm. After ligation of the radial artery proximal to the lesion, the pseudoaneurysm was surgically excised.ResultsThe excised tissue had hemorrhage and fibrin surrounded by a thick fibrous granulating capsule of variably mature fibroblasts and focal areas of inflammatory cells (lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages) consistent with a pseudoaneurysm. Surgical excision resulted in resolution of clinical signs.ConclusionsUltrasonography enabled prompt, noninvasive diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm. Angiography or computed tomography may be useful to aid diagnosis and assess the collateral blood supply to the manus before surgical treatment.
Total Hip Replacement with Dorsal Acetabular Rim Augmentation Using the SOPTMImplant and Polymethylmethacrylate Cement in Seven Dogs with Dorsal Acetabular Rim Deficiency
Authors: Fitzpatrick Noel , Bielecki Malgorzata , Yeadon Russell , Hamilton Michael 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveTo describe a surgical technique for reinforced augmentation of the dorsal acetabular rim (DAR) using a string‐of‐pearls (SOP™) locking plate and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement, and to report clinical outcome in 7 dogs.Study DesignCase series.AnimalsDogs (n=7).MethodsMedical records (November 2009–April 2010) of 7 dogs with large DAR deficits, that had total hip replacement (THR) with reinforced augmentation of the DAR using a SOP™ plate and PMMA were evaluated retrospectively. Reinforced augmentation of the DAR involved anchorage of a precontoured 2.0 or 2.7 mm SOP™ plate dorsal to the acetabulum followed by application of PMMA cement to cover the reamed acetabulum and plate. Cemented acetabular components were used. Implant associated complications were recorded and ≥6‐month follow‐up obtained.ResultsIn all dogs, lameness improved at medium‐term reassessment (median, 8 months; range, 6–11 months). Complications included transient sciatic neurapraxia in 2 dogs, which resolved by 3 months.ConclusionsReinforced augmentation of the DAR using a SOP™ plate and PMMA cement may facilitate placement of acetabular THR component implantation in dogs with severe DAR insufficiency.
Social Capital and Human Mortality: Explaining the Rural Paradox with County‐Level Mortality Data
Authors: Yang Tse‐Chuan , Jensen Leif , Haran Murali 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe “rural paradox” refers to standardized mortality rates in rural areas that are unexpectedly low in view of well‐known economic and infrastructural disadvantages there. We explore this paradox by incorporating social capital, a promising explanatory factor that has seldom been incorporated into residential mortality research. We do so while being attentive to spatial dependence, a statistical problem often ignored in mortality research. Analyzing data for counties in the contiguous United States, we find that: (1) the rural paradox is confirmed with both metro‐nonmetro and rural‐urban continuum codes, (2) social capital significantly reduces the impacts of residence on mortality after controlling for race and ethnicity and socioeconomic covariates, (3) this attenuation is greater when a spatial perspective is imposed on the analysis, (4) social capital is negatively associated with mortality at the county level, and (5) spatial dependence is strongly in evidence. A spatial approach is necessary in county‐level analyses such as ours to yield unbiased estimates and optimal model fit.
Elevation of IGF‐2 receptor and the possible underlying implications in end‐stage heart failure patients before and after heart transplantation
Authors: Wei Yingjie , Li Jun , Huang Jie , Zhang Xiaoling , Zhao Hong , Cui Chuanjue , Li Yishi , Hu Shengshou 
Published: September 2011

AbstractUp‐regulation of insulin‐like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF‐2R) involved in angiotensin II–induced cell apoptosis in cardiomyoblasts, and correlated with cardiomyocyte apoptosis in hypertensive rat hearts. Here, we detected IGF‐2R levels and explored the possible underlying implications in end‐stage heart failure (HF) patients before and after heart transplantation. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to measure cardiac IGF‐2R levels. ELISA was used to detect serum IGF‐2R and CD8 levels. Labelling of DNA strand breaks and dihydroethidium detection were used to determine cellular apoptosis and reactive oxygen species, respectively. Cardiac IGF‐2R levels increased in end‐stage HF patients (n = 11) compared with non‐failing control subjects. Leu27‐IGF‐2, an IGF‐2 analogue to activate specially the IGF‐2R, could induce apoptosis and reactive oxygen species production in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. The serum IGF‐2R levels were significantly higher in HF patients than those in non‐failing control subjects. An unexpected observation is that the serum IGF‐2R levels further increased after heart transplantation, peaked at the first month, and gradually reduced close to the levels before heart transplantation at the 6th months after heart transplantation. Serum CD8, a marker of acute rejection, had no change after heart transplantation, but IGF‐2R and Granzyme B, as a ligand for the IGF‐2R and a marker for CD8 T lymphocyte activation, coexisted in the transplanted hearts. Our preliminary studies suggest that elevation of IGF‐2R may participate in pathological process of end‐stage HF and involved in the acute cellular rejection after heart transplantation.
Etanercept‐induced cutaneous and pulmonary sarcoid‐like granulomas resolving with adalimumab
Authors: Burns Ariel M. , Green Peter J. , Pasternak Sylvia 
Published: September 2011

A 59‐year‐old female with rheumatoid arthritis on etanercept therapy presented with a 7‐cm‐large subcutaneous forearm mass. Multiple smaller nodules subsequently developed on the upper and lower extremities. Except for a new cough, the patient was systemically well. Biopsy of the mass showed sarcoidal type granulomatous inflammation with nodular aggregations of non‐necrotizing epithelioid histiocytes in the subcutis. A chest computed tomography (CT) scan showed mediastinal adenopathy consistent with pulmonary sarcoidosis. Etanercept was discontinued, and the patient was started on adalimumab for rheumatoid arthritis control. The cutaneous nodules fully resolved in 6 months with no additional treatment. A 4‐month follow‐up CT scan showed significant regression of mediastinal adenopathy. The patient has since been maintained on adalimumab therapy for 2 years with no recurrence of sarcoid‐like manifestations. Biologic response modifiers targeting tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) are effective treatments of chronic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. TNFα represents a major cytokine in granuloma formation, and TNFα inhibitors are sometimes efficacious in the treatment of sarcoidosis. Paradoxically, there is a small volume of literature implicating TNFα inhibitors in the development of sarcoid‐like disease. We present this case to promote the recognition of TNFα inhibitor‐induced sarcoidosis and to illustrate the wide clinicopathologic differential of sarcoidal type granulomas.Burns AM, Green PJ, Pasternak S. Etanercept‐induced cutaneous and pulmonary sarcoid‐like granulomas resolving with adalimumab.
Hybridization and invasion: an experimental test with diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa Lam.)
Authors: Blair Amy C. , Blumenthal Dana , Hufbauer Ruth A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA number of studies have suggested a link between hybridization and invasion. In this study, we experimentally test the potential for hybridization to influence invasion through a greenhouse common garden study. Diffuse knapweed (DK) (Centaurea diffusa Lam.) was introduced to North America with admixture from spotted knapweed (SK) (Centaurea stoebe subsp. stoebe L.). Comparisons between North American DK (including hybrid phenotypes) and native (European) DK in a common garden did not reveal enhanced performance or increased phenotypic variance, suggesting that pre‐introduction hybridization or, more generally, post‐introduction evolutionary change has not significantly contributed to the invasion of DK. In contrast, early generation hybrids [artificially created Backcross 1 (BC1) plants] exhibited increased variance for eight of the examined traits, and greater leaf and reproductive shoot production when compared to North American DK. Individual BC1 lines differed for several traits, suggesting the importance of the cross for drawing conclusions from such comparisons. When compared to the parental species (DK and SK), the BC1 plants were not transgressive for any of the measured traits. Overall, these findings suggest that if diploid SK is introduced to North America, interspecific hybridization has the potential to result in even more aggressive invaders.