bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Water Non‐limiting and Water Limiting Yields and Yield Gaps of Groundnut in India Using CROPGRO‐Peanut Model
Authors: Bhatia V. S. , Singh P. , Kesava Rao A. V. R. , Srinivas K. , Wani S. P. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTo assess the scope for enhancing productivity of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in India, well‐calibrated and validated CROPGRO‐Peanut model was used to assess potential yields (water non‐limiting and water limiting) and yield gaps of groundnut for 18 locations representing major groundnut growing regions of India. The average simulated water non‐limiting pod yield of groundnut for the locations was 5440 kg ha−1, whereas the water limiting yield was 2750 kg ha−1 indicating a 49 % reduction in yield because of deficit soil moisture conditions. As against this, the actual pod yields of the locations averaged 1020 kg ha−1, which was 4420 and 1730 kg ha−1 less than the simulated water non‐limiting and water limiting yields, respectively. Across locations, the simulated water non‐limiting yields were less variable than water limited and actual yields, and strongly correlated with solar radiation during the crop season (R2 = 0.62, P ≤ 0.01). Simulated water limiting yield showed a significant positive, but curvilinear relationship (R2 = 0.73, P ≤ 0.01) with mean crop season rainfall across locations. The relationship between actual yield and the mean crop season rainfall across locations was not significant, whereas across seasons for some of the locations, the association was found to be significant. Total yield gap (water non‐limiting minus actual yields) ranged from 3100 to 5570 kg ha−1, and remained more or less unaffected by the quantity of rainfall received across locations. The gap between simulated water non‐limiting and water limiting yields, which ranged from 710 to 5430 kg ha−1, was large at locations with low crop season rainfall, and narrowed down at locations with increasing quantum of crop season rainfall. On the other hand, the gap between simulated water limiting yield and actual farmers yield ranged from 0 to 3150 kg ha−1. It was narrow at locations with low crop season rainfall and increased considerably at locations with increasing amounts of rainfall indicating that type of interventions to abridge the yield gap will vary with the rainfall regimes. It is suggested that improved agronomic management (such as high yielding cultivars, balance crop nutrition and control of pest and diseases) in high rainfall regimes and rainfall conservation and supplemental irrigations in low rainfall regimes will be essential components of the improved technologies aimed at abridging the yield gaps of groundnut.
Eco‐physiological repercussions of dietary arachidonic acid in cell membranes of active tissues of the Gray whale
Authors: Caraveo‐Patiño Javier , Wang Yiqun , Soto Luis A. , Ghebremeskel Kebreab , Lehane Catherine , Crawford Michael A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe radiation of the mammalian land species that became the baleen whales happened about 27–34 Mya. Mammals require omega 6 fatty acids for reproduction. With this long exposure to the omega 3‐rich marine food chain, the Gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) might be expected to have lost its requirement for omega 6 fatty acids. We report an unexpectedly high content of omega 6 arachidonic acid (ArA) in the Gray whale liver and muscle lipids. This whale migrates 10,000 km from the cold polar, omega 3 oil‐rich food chain to that of the breeding lagoons of the tropical waters. The food web of tropical waters is a source of omega 6 fatty acids, which are hardly present in the cold polar food web. We suggest the reason for this longest of migrations from cold to warm waters is to meet the requirement for omega 6 fatty acids for mammalian reproduction and brain growth. This extreme conservation of omega 6 fatty acids in Gray whale biology has critical implications for mammalian biology and especially for whale conservation.
Imaging for Crohn disease: Use of 3‐T MRI in a paediatric setting
Authors: Dagia C , Ditchfield M , Kean M , Catto‐Smith T 
Published: September 2009

SummaryThis study was carried out to review our experience with 3‐T MRI in the assessment of Crohn disease in a paediatric population. Twenty‐four patients with biopsy proven Crohn disease identified on the radiology information system underwent abdominal MRI, with or without pelvic MRI. Twenty‐eight studies were carried out on a 3‐T scanner at a tertiary paediatric hospital. Eight of 24 of these (30%) had a gastrointestinal barium study, 2 of 24 (8%) a CT and 9 of 24 (38%) an abdominal ultrasound. The different MRI sequences were rated for observation of the bowel wall and abnormalities (0–5). The findings were correlated to relevant findings on endoscopy, examination under anaesthesia (EUA) and where available surgery, barium studies, CT and ultrasound. In this study, the colon was involved in 5 of 28 (18%), small bowel in 7 of 28 (25%), terminal ileum in 5 of 28 (18%). All the perineal studies (9 of 9) showed abnormalities. Sinus tracts or fistulas were identified in 7 of 28 (25%) studies. The mean rating of the different MRI sequences in showing bowel wall and changes of Crohn disease was T2 TSE 3.6, T2 half fourier aquisition single shot turbo spin echo (HASTE) with a long TE 3.6, T2 HASTE with short TE 3.4, true fast imaging with steady state precession (FISP) 2.7, T1 4.1 and Post‐contrast T1 4.3. The T2 HASTE sequences with thinner slices improved observation. Detection of superficial abnormalities was similar on the 3D VIBE images and on the post‐contrast T1 spin‐echo (SE) sequences. In five of nine (56%) of those that had ultrasound, both studies were abnormal, with incomplete correlation of the abnormalities. Computed tomography and MRI were abnormal in two of two (100%) patients with good correlation of the abnormalities in one; in the other there was a minimal discrepancy in the estimation of the length of involved bowel. In 7 of 11 (64%) the barium study was abnormal. Good correlation to MRI findings was found in five of seven (71%) of patients. In two of seven (29%) both studies were abnormal, with incomplete correlation of the abnormalities. Barium underestimated the length of involved segment in these patients with inflammatory ileal thickening and ulceration. Notably, in both studies compression was limited because of patient discomfort and the involved segments obscured by overlap. Abdominal and pelvic MRI at 3 T is a useful imaging technique for evaluation of Crohn disease in the children. The extent of bowel wall involvement and extra‐intestinal complications, such as abscesses and fistulas can be accurately assessed non‐invasively, without the use of ionizing radiation or sedation.
A novel missense mutation in the EVC gene underlies Ellis‐van Creveld syndrome in a Pakistani family
Authors: Umm‐e‐Kalsoom  , Wasif Naveed , Tariq Muhammad , Ahmad Wasim 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackground:  Ellis‐van Creveld (EVC) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by skeletal, ectodermal and cardiac defects. This syndrome is caused by mutations in EVC and EVC2 genes, which are separated by 2.6 kb of genomic sequence on chromosome 4p16.Methods:  In the present study we ascertained a four‐generation pedigree of Pakistani origin with features of EVC. Linkage was searched by genotyping microsatellite markers linked to chromosome 4p16. Affected individuals showed homozygosity to the microsatellite markers tightly linked to EVC and EVC2 genes on chromosome 4p16. It was then subjected to direct sequencing of the EVC and EVC2 genes.Results:  Mutation analysis of the EVC and EVC2 genes identified a novel missense change (c.617G>A; p.S206N) in the EVC gene.Conclusions:  We herein report on the first family from Pakistan with a large number of individuals affected by EVC. DNA sequence analysis led to the identification of the fifth missense mutation in the EVC gene.
Symptomless celiac disease in type 1 diabetes: 12‐year experience in Estonia
Authors: Uibo Oivi , Heilman Kaire , Rägo Tiina , Shor Riina , Paal Mare , Metsküla Kaja , Tillmann Vallo , Uibo Raivo 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackground:  We aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of celiac disease in children with type 1 diabetes in Estonia, a country with a formerly low frequency of both diseases.Methods:  Altogether, 271 patients with diabetes were studied over 12 years (1995–2006): 122 at diagnosis and 149 patients 0.1–14.8 years after diagnosis. In addition, 73 patients were followed up over 1–6 years. Immunoglobulin A type endomysium and tissue transglutaminase antibodies were determined. Patients with antibodies and/or with celiac‐disease‐related symptoms were invited for a small‐intestinal biopsy.Results:  At the primary screening, celiac disease was histologically confirmed in nine patients (all without symptoms), that is, in 3.3% (95% confidence interval: 1.63–6.42) of type 1 diabetes cases. At follow up, celiac disease was additionally detected in two (2.7%) of 73 diabetic patients, that is, in 0.016 (95% confidence interval: 0–0.072) celiac disease cases per follow‐up year.Conclusion:  The prevalence of celiac disease among type 1 diabetes patients in Estonia is similar to that in countries with a high incidence of celiac disease and type 1 diabetes. As celiac disease is mostly symptomless, all children with type 1 diabetes, irrespective of their geographic origin, should be regularly screened for celiac disease.
Lymphangioma of the ovary accompanied by chylous ascites
Authors: Iwasa Takeshi , Tani Anna , Miyatani Yuka , Bekku Shirou , Yamashita Michiko , Nakanishi Kazuyo , Fujii Yoshiyuki , Ino Hiroyasu 
Published: September 2009

AbstractLymphangioma of the ovary is very rare, with only 17 cases reported to date. In this report, a 43‐year‐old woman with lymphangioma of the ovary accompanied by chylous ascites is described. Vaginal ultrasound showed a solid cystic tumor at the right ovary accompanied by ascites. The volume of ascites was changeable. Milky fluid obtained by Douglas pouch aspiration contained numerous mature lymphocytes. She underwent right salpingo‐oophorectomy. Histological examination revealed that the excised tumor from the right ovary was consistent with benign lymphangioma. This is the first case report of lymphangioma of the ovary accompanied by chylous ascites. We should discriminate such cases from other malignant tumors in order to avoid overtreatment.
Postoperative abdominal aspergilloma mimicking cervical cancer recurrence and diagnostic imaging, including 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, with false‐positive findings
Authors: Kobayashi Eiji , Iwamiya Tadashi , Masaki Hidetake , Yamagata Ai , Isobe Masanori , Miyake Takahito , Shiki Yasuhiko , Nakashima Ryuichi , Yamasaki Masato 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe present the case of a 39‐year‐old woman with a subfascial abscess. The patient had undergone radical hysterectomy for stage Ib1 cervical cancer. Six months after the surgery, she was found to have an elevated concentration of the serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen. Thereafter, she underwent magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography–computed tomography. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an irregular mass (diameter: 2 cm) in the abdominal wall. Increased 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose uptake into the mass was observed on positron emission tomography. Therefore, we could not rule out the possibility of the peritoneal dissemination of cervical cancer, and we resected the mass. The mass was pathologically and microbiologically diagnosed as a subfascial aspergilloma. The lesion was located in the subfascial area where a drain was inserted at the time of the primary laparotomy.
Serious adverse drug reaction in a woman with hyperemesis gravidarum after first exposure to vitamin B complex containing vitamins B1, B6 and B12
Authors: Kuwata Yoshimine , Tsuruoka Shuichi , Ohkuchi Akihide , Matsubara Shigeki , Izumi Akio , Suzuki Mitsuaki 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe report the case of a pregnant woman who suffered from hypotension after first exposure to intravenous administration of a combination drug containing vitamins B1, B6 and B12 (Vitamedin; Daiichi‐Sankyo, Tokyo, Japan). A 27‐year‐old Japanese woman received an intravenous infusion of fluid containing a vitamin B complex due to hyperemesis gravidarum. Thirty minutes after the start of infusion she was found to be in hypotension. The patient had stupor, general sweating, blood pressure of 82/50 mmHg, and low percutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO2) of 88%. We immediately stopped the infusion, lifted her legs and administered oxygen. Three minutes after these treatments, she quickly recovered to a good general condition. A skin prick test for vitamin B12 was positive, but tests for B1, B6, mannitol and saline were negative, indicating this adverse reaction was one of drug hypersensitivity due to the vitamin B12 in Vitamedin. Patients should be observed carefully immediately after the administration of Vitamedin.
Impact of surgeon and hospital volumes on short‐term postoperative complications after radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer
Authors: Yasunaga Hideo , Nishii Osamu , Hirai Yasuo , Ochiai Kazunori , Matsuyama Yutaka , Ohe Kazuhiko 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAim:  The association between provider caseload volumes and patient outcomes remains unclear in gynecologic cancer surgery, especially with regard to radical hysterectomies. The present study aims to clarify the effect of provider volumes on short‐term postoperative complications after radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer.Methods:  We conducted a multicenter study of cervical cancer patients undergoing radical hysterectomy in Japan from October 1, 2006 to February 28, 2007, by collecting medical record‐based data on each patient's background, operating time and postoperative complications, as well as hospital/surgeon volumes. Multivariate analyses were performed to examine the effect of hospital/surgeon volumes on operating time and postoperative complications, with adjustments for possible confounders.Results:  We collected 407 cases from 84 hospitals around Japan. Higher surgeon volume (≥200 procedures) was associated with shorter operating times (odds ratio [OR], 0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.16–0.86; P = 0.02) and reduced incidence of postoperative urinary disorders (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.21–0.96; P = 0.04). Hospital volume was not an independent predictor of any of the outcomes.Conclusion:  Our results indicate that the rate of postoperative urinary disorders may be a possible benchmark that reflects a surgeon's skill in radical hysterectomy. Thus, high surgeon volume may be a proxy for high quality of care; practice could indeed make perfect in this clinical setting.
Fatigue resistance and residual strength of riveted joints in FML
Authors: LANCIOTTI A. , LAZZERI L. 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTStatic and fatigue tests have been carried out on 190‐mm‐wide fibre metal laminate (FML) riveted lap joints. The specimens were made with a Glare 3‐3/2‐0.3 material, i.e. a laminate composed of three layers of 2024‐T3 aluminium alloy, thickness 0.3 mm and two double layers (0/90) of pre‐preg FM‐94‐27%‐S2 glass fibre. Seven configurations were tested which differed in the number of rivet rows (two or three), in the rolling direction of metal layers (perpendicular or parallel to the load direction), in the rivet type (solid or special, such as Hi‐Lok or Lock‐Bolt), in the rivet material for solid rivets (7050‐T73 or 2017‐T3), in the rivet diameter (4.8 or 5.5 mm) and in the presence of interlaminar doublers in the overlap area (titanium, aluminium, glass fibre). An additional difference was in the pre‐formed rivet head: solid rivets had countersunk head, while Hi‐Loks and Lock‐Bolts had protruding head. The fatigue tests demonstrated the efficiency of a selective local reinforcement in the overlap area; in some cases, the fatigue resistance was so high that fatigue cracks nucleated in the laminates, rather than in the overlap area, as commonly expected.
Safeguarding children: why an issue for pediatric anesthetists?
Authors: DELOUGHRY JOHNNY , WILKINSON KATHY 
Published: September 2009

SummaryChild maltreatment and the responsibility of heath care professionals to assist in prevention and diagnosis is currently center stage in the United Kingdom. This subject has a very large literature base. Anesthetists were one of the first groups to have specific guidance on this subject, and key competencies are now part of the core curriculum for our trainees. This article seeks to briefly define maltreatment and provide statistics that outline the scale of the problem, and includes discussion of risk factors and recognition. We have focused on physical abuse and have provided a separate section on abusive head trauma, which is of particular importance to anesthetists. We also discuss the process of management, with some detail around Child Death Review procedures.
Capital Investment and Earnings: International Evidence
Authors: Inci Ahmet Can , Lee Bong Soo , Suh Jungwon 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTManuscript Type: EmpiricalResearch Question/Issue: We examine the nature of the dynamic linkage (causality) between earnings and capital investment using firm‐level data from around the world to see whether the legal environment, including corporate governance and monitoring mechanisms, and financial development are important in the profitability of capital investment.Research Findings/Insights: Using firms in 40 countries over the period 1988–2004, we find that the causality from earnings to capital investment is positive and strong in almost all countries, irrespective of the type of legal system and the degree of financial development. However, the causality from capital investment to earnings is generally negative for firms in civil law and financially undeveloped countries, while the causality is generally positive in common law and financially developed countries. Therefore, our international cross‐country study enables us to find that the legal system and financial development are factors in the determination of the profitability of capital investment.Theoretical/Academic Implications: Our findings imply that internal financing is a significant constraint for capital investment, which provides support for the pecking order theory even for financially developed markets and for the free cash flow theory. Common law and financially developed countries tend to provide better shareholder protection with more efficient corporate governance and better investment decisions.Practitioner/Policy Implications: To encourage managers to make capital investments in value‐increasing projects, it is important to further improve a legal environment that includes corporate governance, monitoring, and incentive mechanisms. Financial development that includes effective financial regulatory agencies should be sought.
Corporate Governance and Earnings Management: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: García‐Meca Emma , Sánchez‐Ballesta Juan P. 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTManuscript Type: ReviewResearch Question/Issue: The goal of this paper is to meta‐analyze the results of 35 studies that examine the effect on earnings management of firms' boards of directors and ownership structure. We examine whether differences in results are attributable to moderating effects related to the system of corporate governance, the measurement of the governance variable, or the particular specifications of discretionary accruals models.Research Findings/Insights: The findings show that the variation in the results of previous studies on CEO duality and audit committee independence are caused by sampling error. In addition, the measurement of dependent variable, discretionary accruals, and the corporate governance system moderate the association between earnings management and some corporate governance variables.Theoretical/Academic Implications: The measurement of variables, especially discretionary accruals, influences the findings found in previous studies. The findings emphasize the need to explicitly consider the legal and institutional setting when one analyzes the effect of mechanisms of corporate governance on discretionary accruals. Future research should include matrix correlations, and consider detailed measures of earnings management and more attributes of boards of directors in order to facilitate research using meta‐analysis.Practitioner/Policy Implications: The results suggest that board independence, board size, and audit committee independence can improve investor confidence by constraining earnings management. Additional empirical evidence regarding refined measures of ownership and board, specifically board independence, would be very useful in gaining greater understanding of how the different approaches to these constructs influence earnings management.
Risk Management in Corporate Governance: A Review and Proposal
Authors: Brown Ian , Steen Adam , Foreman Julie 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTManuscript Type: ConceptualResearch Question/Issue: In this paper we identify and discuss the relationship between corporate governance and risk management of high technology firms, with publicly listed Australian biotechnology companies as a case in point. We present a governance structure that better manages the numerous complex risks such companies face.Research Findings/Insights: Audit committees are traditionally responsible for oversight of auditing matters relating to the company's financial systems and risk management relating to financial reporting. While the audit committee needs to have a full understanding of the risk management system in order to be able to assess the overall risk profile of the company we illustrate that the complex risk and regulatory environment high technology firms face may necessitate the creation of a separate risk management committee to interface with and assist the board and audit committee.Theoretical/Academic Implications: We provide evidence that the traditional governance model is inadequate in today's complex business environment, particularly for high technology companies. By analyzing the legislative, industry, and complex risk environment faced by these firms, we posit that the traditional model may need to change to meet the demands of a wider definition of governance that specifically incorporates risk management.Practitioner/Policy Implications: Against a backdrop of corporate collapse, increasing corporate regulation and reporting, risk management and oversight has been a recent addition to the role of the board. It is not inconceivable that capital market regulators may require reporting on risk management and the creation of a separate risk management in the future.
A Political Economic Critique on the Theory of Optimum Currency Areas, and the Implications for East Asia
Authors: Chey Hyoung‐kyu 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn recent years, dynamic debate has arisen as to the desirability and feasibility of creating a monetary union in East Asia. While the debate has relied heavily on the theory of optimum currency areas, this theory has weaknesses in explaining the actual formation of monetary unions. At this point, political economy analysis appears to demonstrate stronger explanatory power. This paper provides a systematic review of the main developments in the literature on optimum currency area theory and in the political economy literature on monetary union. In addition, it addresses the feasibility of an East Asian monetary union, by applying the findings in these two academic strands to the region. It finds that even though formation of an East Asian monetary union may be to some extent feasible from an economic perspective, the region’s political situation does not appear favourable for the creation of one.