bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynameomics: protein dynamics and unfolding across fold space
Authors: Jonsson Amanda L. , Schaeffer R. Dustin , van der Kamp Marc W. , Daggett Valerie 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAll currently known structures of proteins together define ‘protein fold space’. To increase the general understanding of protein dynamics and protein folding, we selected a set of 807 proteins and protein domains that represent 95% of the currently known autonomous folded domains present in globular proteins. Native state and unfolding simulations of these representatives are now complete and accessible via a novel database containing over 11 000 simulations. Because protein folding is a microscopically reversible process, these simulations effectively sample protein folding across all of protein fold space. Here, we give an overview of how the representative proteins were selected and how the simulations were performed and validated. We then provide examples of different types of analyses that can be performed across our large set of simulations, made possible by the database approach. We further show how the unfolding simulations can be used to compare unfolding of structural elements in isolation and in different structural contexts, using as an example a short, triple stranded β-sheet that forms the WW domain and is present in several larger unrelated proteins.
Non-neuronal regulation and repertoire of cholinergic receptors in organs
Authors: Sato Tsuyoshi , Chida Dai , Iwata Takanori , Usui Michihiko , Hatori Kouki , Abe Takahiro , Takeda Shu , Yoda Tetsuya 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMany studies on the cholinergic pathway have indicated that cholinergic receptors, which are widely expressed in various cells, play an important role in all body organs. In this review, we present the concept that cholinergic responses are regulated through a neuronal or non-neuronal mechanism. The neuronal mechanism is a system in which acetylcholine binds to cholinergic receptors on target cells through the nerves. In the non-neuronal mechanism, acetylcholine, produced by neighboring cells in an autocrine/paracrine manner, binds to cholinergic receptors on target cells. Both mechanisms subsequently lead to physiological and pathophysiological responses. We also investigated the subunits/subtypes of cholinergic receptors on target cells, physiological and pathophysiological responses of the organs via cholinergic receptors, and extracellular factors that alter the subtypes/subunits of cholinergic receptors. Collectively, this concept will elucidate how cholinergic responses occur and will help us conduct further experiments to develop new therapeutic agents.
Novel paper sizing agents based on renewables. Part 4: Application properties in comparison to conventional ASA sizes
Authors: Lackinger Elisabeth , Schmid Leo , Sartori Jürgen , Potthast Antje , Rosenau Thomas 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Reactive paper sizing agents, such as alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA), provide hydrophobicity to paper. The reactive anhydride group of these reagents is highly susceptible to reaction with water and thus resistance against hydrolysis is of primary importance for their practical application. This study describes different application-relevant properties of recently developed sizing agents that are based on renewable vegetable oils including hydrolysis behavior, time-dependent sizing efficiency, and tendency to form deposits or foam. The novel sizing agents – maleated high oleic sunflower oil (MSOHO) and maleated rapeseed oil (MRSO) – are compared to conventional ASA as the state-of-the-art sizing agent. Although the reactive group is the same in all reagents, there are pronounced differences between the three reagents, with MSOHO showing the best performance, i.e., the slowest hydrolysis. This oil has a higher ratio of hydrophobic side chains that impede the water attack at the anhydride group. Also, the higher viscosity of MSOHO plays an important role in performance, because diffusion of water molecules into a MSOHO emulsion droplet is much slower than in the case of conventional ASA.
Polymorphic Regions Affecting Human Height Also Control Stature in Cattle
Authors: Pryce Jennie E , Hayes Ben J , Bolormaa Sunduimijid , Goddard Michael E 
Published: January 2011

AbstractOrthologous positions of 55 genes associated with height in four human populations were located on the bovine genome. Single nucleotide polymorphisms close to eight of these genes were significantly associated with stature in cattle (Bos taurus and Bos indicus). This suggests that these genes may contribute to controlling stature across mammalian species.
Turning ZrO2 ceramics
Authors: Fledrich G. , Pálinkás I. , Keresztes R. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
In place of brittle ceramics used so far have appeared up-to-date so-called tough ceramic materials resisting better against mechanical effects [1]. Such material is the zirconium-dioxide, too. The important advantage of hard-turning is the applicability of universal tool. Various outlines can be formed by a tool given. Machining ceramics in case of using traditional machining (turning, milling, drilling) requires special technological conditions (tools, machine-tools, technological parameters, etc.) [2] which are developing presently. We would like extending our research work in this course, too.
Low Reynolds number flow around and heat transfer from a heated circular cylinder
Authors: Bolló B. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe two-dimensional flow around a stationary heated circular cylinder at low Reynolds numbers of 50 < Re < 210 is investigated numerically using the FLUENT commercial software package. The dimensionless vortex shedding frequency (St) reduces with increasing temperature at a given Reynolds number. The effective temperature concept was used and St-Re data were successfully transformed to the St-Reeffcurve. Comparisons include root-mean-square values of the lift coefficient and Nusselt number. The results agree well with available data in the literature.
Sustainable geothermal energy utilization
Authors: Axelsson G. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Sustainable development involves meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The Earth's enormous geothermal resources have the potential to contribute significantly to sustainable energy use worldwide and to help mitigate climate change. Experience from the use of geothermal systems worldwide, lasting several decades, demonstrates that by maintaining production below a certain limit the systems reach a balance between net energy discharge and recharge that may be maintained for a long time. Therefore, a sustainability time-scale of 100 to 300 years has been proposed. Studies furthermore indicate that the effect of heavy utilization is often reversible on a time-scale comparable to the period of utilization. Geothermal resources can be used in a sustainable manner either through (1) constant production below a sustainable limit, (2) step-wise increase in production or (3) intermittent excessive production with breaks during which other geothermal resources need to fill in the gap. The long production histories that are available for geothermal systems provide the most valuable data available for studying sustainable management of geothermal resources, and reservoir modelling is the most powerful tool available for this purpose. The paper reviews long utilization experiences from e.g. Iceland, France and Hungary and presents sustainability modelling studies for the Hamar geothermal system in Iceland and the Beijing Urban system in China. International collaboration has facilitated sustainability research and fruitful discussions as well as identifying several relevant research issues. Distinction needs to be made between sustainable production from a particular geothermal resource and the more general sustainable geothermal utilization, which involves integrated economical, social and environmental development. Developing a sustainability policy involves setting general sustainability goals and consequently defining specific sustainability indicators to measure the degree of sustainability of a given geothermal operation or progress towards sustainability.
Comfort and energy analysis of heating up
Authors: Kalmár T. , Kalmár F. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The research work was done in the Building Physics Laboratory of the Department of Building Services and Building Engineering, University of Debrecen. The test room could be heated by radiator, wall, floor and ceiling heating. The main goal of this research was to see how the internal temperature varies during the heating up period, how much is the increment during the 3 hours measurement and how much the energy consumption is. This paper presents the results of the research work. The obtained results have proven that in our case the ceiling and radiator heating gave the higher increment of operative temperature and the lower energy consumption.
The increased durability of reinforced concrete with hot dip galvanized rebars
Authors: Hegyi A. , Vermeşan H. , Rus V. , Vermeşan G. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The influence of hot dip galvanizing on the rebar/concrete adherence was studied. The kinetics of rebars corrosion in high chlorides content concrete was studied by electrochemical methods. Unprotected (black steel) and hot dip galvanized steel were studied. The results show a mechanical resistance improvement of reinforced concrete with hot dip galvanized rebars and a better corrosion performance of hot dip galvanized steel in concrete compared to the black steel.
Current and Emerging Therapies for Advanced Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Authors: Tacon Lyndal J. , Prichard Ruth S. , Soon Patsy S. H. , Robinson Bruce G. , Clifton-Bligh Roderick J. , Sidhu Stan B. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractLearning ObjectivesAfter completing this course, the reader will be able to: Review the role and describe the limitations of conventional therapies for adrenocortical carcinoma.Evaluate the current preclinical molecular research contributing to the rational selection of targeted therapies for adrenocortical carcinoma.CME This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.comAdrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare but aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. Complete surgical resection offers the only potential for cure; however, even after apparently successful excision, local or metastatic recurrence is frequent. Treatment options for advanced ACC are severely limited. Mitotane is the only recognized adrenolytic therapy available; however, response rates are modest and unpredictable whereas systemic toxicities are significant. Reported responses to conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy have also been disappointing, and the rarity of ACC had hampered the ability to undertake randomized clinical studies until the establishment of the First International Randomized Trial in Locally Advanced and Metastatic Adrenocortical Carcinoma. This yet-to-be reported study seeks to identify the most effective first- and second-line cytotoxic regimens. The past decade has also seen increasing research into the molecular pathogenesis of ACCs, with particular interest in the insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway. The widespread development of small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors in broader oncological practice is now allowing for the rational selection of targeted therapies to study in ACC. In this review, we discuss the currently available therapeutic options for patients with advanced ACC and detail the molecular rationale behind, and clinical evidence for, novel and emerging therapies.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration Approval: Rituximab in Combination with Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide for the Treatment of Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Casak Sandra J. , Lemery Steven J. , Shen Yuan Li , Rothmann Mark D. , Khandelwal Aakanksha , Zhao Hong , Davis Gina , Jarral Vaishali , Keegan Patricia , Pazdur Richard 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Compare the survival benefits of rituximab in combination with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide to those of alemtuzumab, bendamustine, and ofatumumab in patients with CLL.Identify CLL patients for whom rituximab in combination with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide may be an appropriate first-line regimen.
CME This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com

Purpose.
To describe the clinical studies that led to the FDA approval of rituximab in combination with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide (FC) for the treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).

Materials and Methods.
The results of two multinational, randomized trials in CLL patients comparing rituximab combined with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide versus FC were reviewed. The primary endpoint of both studies was progression-free survival (PFS).

Results.
The addition of rituximab to FC decreased the risk of a PFS event by 44% in 817 previously untreated patients and by 24% in 552 previously treated patients. Median survival times could not be estimated. Exploratory analysis in patients older than 70 suggested that there was no benefit to patients when rituximab was added to FC. The safety profile observed in both trials was consistent with the known toxicity profile of rituximab, FC, or CLL.

Conclusions.
On the basis of the demonstration of clinically meaningful prolongation of PFS, the FDA granted regular approval to rituximab in combination with FC for the treatment of patients with CLL. The magnitude of the treatment effect in patients 70 years and older is uncertain.
The Influence of Firms on Government
Authors: Macher Jeffrey T , Mayo John W , Schiffer Mirjam 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
While interest group explanations have considerably advanced our understanding of governmental outcomes, much remains to be understood about the specific country-level, industry-level and firm-level characteristics that underlie the influence firms have on the establishment of governmental rules, laws and regulations. In this study, we draw upon a unique database of roughly 6000 international firms to investigate the abilities of firms to affect governmental policies. We find that country-level institutional characteristics, such as the legal origin and political diversity of the firm’s home country, significantly affect the ability to influence government. We also find that industry-level characteristics, such as the number of industry competitors, and firm-level characteristics, such as size and age, are determinants of firm influence on governments.
Darbepoetin Alfa Impact on Health Status in Diabetes Patients with Kidney Disease
Authors: Lewis Eldrin F. , Pfeffer Marc A. , Feng Amy , Uno Hajime , McMurray John J. V. , Toto Robert , Gandra Shravanthi R. , Solomon Scott D. , Moustafa Moustafa , Macdougall Iain C. , Locatelli Francesco , Parfrey Patrick S. 
Published: January 2011

Summary

Background and objectives
Quality of life (QOL) is markedly impaired in patients with anemia, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease. Limited data exist regarding the effect of anemia treatment on patient perceptions. The objectives were to determine the longitudinal impact of anemia treatment on quality of life in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease and to determine the predictors of baseline and change in QOL.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
In a large, double blind study, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, nondialysis chronic kidney disease (estimated GFR, 20 to 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2), and anemia (hemoglobin 10.4 g/dl) were randomized to darbepoetin alfa or placebo. QOL was measured with Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Fatigue, Short Form-36, and EuroQol scores over 97 weeks.

Results
Patients randomized to darbepoetin alfa reported significant improvements compared with placebo patients in Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Fatigue, and EuroQol scores visual analog scores, persisting through 97 weeks. No consistent differences in Short Form-36 were noted. Consistent predictors of worse change scores include lower activity level, older age, pulmonary disease, and duration of diabetes. Interim stroke had a substantial negative impact on fatigue and physical function.

Conclusion
Darbepoetin alfa confers a consistent, but small, improvement in fatigue and overall quality of life but not in other domains. These modest QOL benefits must be considered in the context of neutral overall effect and increased risk of stroke in a small proportion of patients. Patient's QOL and potential treatment risk should be considered in any treatment decision.
Effect of an In-Hospital Chronic Kidney Disease Education Program among Patients with Unplanned Urgent-Start Dialysis
Authors: Rioux Jean-Philippe , Cheema Harpaul , Bargman Joanne M. , Watson Diane , Chan Christopher T. 
Published: January 2011

Summary

Background and objectives
The effect of in-hospital education on the adoption of home dialysis (peritoneal dialysis [PD] and home hemodialysis [HHD]) after an unplanned dialysis start is unknown.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Clinical demographics of consecutive patients acutely initiating hemodialysis (HD) from January 2005 to December 2009 were abstracted using institutional electronic records. All patients received multimedia chronic kidney disease education by the same advanced care nurse practitioner before discharge from the hospital. Clinical characteristics of patients choosing home dialysis or staying on in-center HD were compared.

Results
Between 2005 and 2009, 228 patients acutely started renal replacement therapy (RRT) at the center. Seventy-one patients chose home dialysis (49 patients adopted PD and 22 adopted HHD), 132 chose to remain on in-center HD, and 25 died before discharge from the hospital. Patients adopting home dialysis tended to be younger than in-center HD patients (55 ± 18 [home dialysis] versus 59 ± 16 [in center] years; P = 0.09) and were similar in gender distribution (49% [home dialysis] versus 56% [in center] male; P = 0.2). Patients adopting home dialysis were more likely to have a failed kidney transplant (24% [home dialysis] versus 12% [in center]; P = 0.045) and less likely to have ischemic nephropathy (9% [home dialysis] versus 21% [in center]; P = 0.03). The distribution of comorbid conditions was different between patients adopting home dialysis and in-center HD.

Conclusions
Home dialysis is feasible after urgent dialysis start. Education should be promoted among patient experiencing acute-start dialysis.
Semiclassical fully differential ionization cross sections of helium with negatively charged fast projectiles
Authors: Járai-Szabó Ferenc , Nagy Ladislau 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Fully differential cross sections are calculated for the ionization of helium by negatively charged fast projectiles using a semiclassical model developed previously for the ionization of atoms by positive projectiles. The method is tested in the case of 1 keV electron and 500 keV antiproton projectiles. The semiclassical results show reasonable agreement with the experiments and other theories. The origin of the obtained structures has been investigated by a partial wave analysis.
Adequacy of herniated disc tissue as a cell source for nucleus pulposus regeneration
Authors: Hegewald Aldemar A. , Endres Michaela , Abbushi Alexander , Cabraja Mario , Woiciechowsky Christian , Schmieder Kirsten , Kaps Christian , Thomé Claudius 
Published: January 2011

Object
The object of this study was to characterize the regenerative potential of cells isolated from herniated disc tissue obtained during microdiscectomy. The acquired data could help to evaluate the feasibility of these cells for autologous disc cell transplantation.

Methods
From each of 5 patients (mean age 45 years), tissue from the nucleus pulposus compartment as well as from herniated disc was obtained separately during microdiscectomy of symptomatic herniated lumbar discs. Cells were isolated, and in vitro cell expansion for cells from herniated disc tissue was accomplished using human serum and fibroblast growth factor-2. For 3D culture, expanded cells were loaded in a fibrin-hyaluronan solution on polyglycolic acid scaffolds for 2 weeks. The formation of disc tissue was documented by histological staining of the extracellular matrix as well as by gene expression analysis of typical disc marker genes.

Results
Cells isolated from herniated disc tissue showed significant signs of dedifferentiation and degeneration in comparison with cells from tissue of the nucleus compartment. With in vitro cell expansion, further dedifferentiation with distinct suppression of major matrix molecules, such as aggrecan and Type II collagen, was observed. Unlike in previous reports of cells from the nucleus compartment, the cells from herniated disc tissue showed only a weak redifferentiation process in 3D culture. However, propidium iodide/fluorescein diacetate staining documented that 3D assembly of these cells in polyglycolic acid scaffolds allows prolonged culture and high viability.

Conclusions
Study results suggested a very limited regenerative potential for cells harvested from herniated disc tissue. Further research on 2 major aspects in patient selection is suggested before conducting reasonable clinical trials in this matter: 1) diagnostic strategies to predict the regenerative potential of harvested cells at a radiological or cell biology level, and 2) clinical assessment strategies to elucidate the metabolic state of the targeted disc.
FVC, FEV<sub>1</sub> and FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC% in Patients with Depressive Illness and their Relationships with the level of Depression
Authors: Islam Shausheen , Jahan Nasim , Sultana Nayma , Akter Rezina 
Published: January 2011

Background: Depressive illness is a common psychological disorder which affects various organs including lungs. Many studies have reflected decreased lung functions in patients with depressive illness. Objective: The present study was undertaken to measure some pulmonary function parameters in diagnosed female patients with depressive illness to evaluate their lung functions status. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, SSMC, Mitford, Dhaka, from 1st July 2009 to 30th June 2010 on 30 female patients with depressive illness, age ranged from 20- 40 years. Depressed patients (study group) were divided into patients with minor depressive illness (group-B1) and patients with major depressive illness (group- B2). For comparison, 30 age and BMI matched apparently healthy subjects (control group-A) were also studied. The study groups were selected from the Out Patient Department of Psychiatry, SSMC, Mitford, Dhaka and the control group was selected by personal contact. Pulmonary function parameters like FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC%, of all subjects were measured by digital spirometer. Statistical analysis was done by using appropriate method as applicable. Results: All the pulmonary function parameters except FEV1/FVC% were significantly (p<0.001) lower in patients with depressive illness in comparison to those of control. Again, pulmonary function parameters like FVC (p<0.01), FEV1 (p<0.05) showed significant negative correlation with the level of depression in patients with major depressive illness. Conclusion: This study reveals that some pulmonary functions may be reduced in patients with depressive illness especially in major depressive patients which is negatively related with level of depression. Key words: FVC; FEV1; depressive illness.DOI: 10.3329/jbsp.v5i2.6784 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2010 December; 5(2): 94-100