bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mandibular and maxillary furcation tunnel preparations – literature review and a case report
Authors: Rüdiger Stefan G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAim: The objective of this literature review and subsequent case report is to discuss and illustrate the tunnel preparation procedure as a treatment alternative for furcation‐involved molars.Review of the literature: Furcation tunnel preparation, i.e., the creation of access for plaque control between periodontally diseased roots, has not been discussed in the literature as comprehensively as root resective therapy, though success rates appear to fall within the same range. A short root trunk and a wide furcation entrance diameter are prerequisites for the indication of the tunnel preparation procedure. Although accessory canals in the furcation area are frequent findings on extracted teeth, endodontic complications have not been reported to be major complications after tunnel preparation. Caries developed at tunneled teeth even under proper maintenance, but did not necessarily lead to the loss of an affected tooth.Case report: In the case presented to illustrate the indication for the tunnel preparation procedure, periodontal disease was almost entirely restricted to the furcation sites of molar teeth. Affected teeth were either extracted or left intact and subjected to tunneling procedures. Periodontal health could be established and maintained at both single and double tunnels over a period of 2 years of periodontal supportive therapy.
Local delivery of chlorhexidine gluconate (PerioChipTM) in periodontal maintenance patients
Authors: Heasman P. A. , Heasman L. , Stacey F. , McCracken G. I. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAim: The aim of this randomised, split‐mouth, single‐blind study was to determine the efficacy of controlled‐release delivery of chlorhexidine gluconate 2.5 mg (PerioChipTM) in patients with residual bleeding pockets (>5 mm) at least 3 months following oral hygiene and root debridement phase therapy.Material and Methods: 26 patients (non‐smokers) were screened and potential study sites identified. Clinical parameters recorded at baseline and all subsequent visits were plaque index (PI), pocket probing depth (PPD), bleeding index (BI) and clinical attachment level (CAL). All study sites were debrided using ultrasonic instrumentation. PerioChips (PC) were placed in the selected sites of two quadrants (left or right) whilst identified sites in the remaining quadrants were left without adjunctive antimicrobial treatment. Clinical measurements were made at follow‐up visits after 1, 3 and 6 months. Mean changes from baseline in PPD, BI and CAL were calculated with the patient as the experimental unit and comparability between the treatments was determined using t‐tests.Results: At baseline there were no significant differences between PC and control sites for mean PI, PD, BI or CAL. The mean (SE) reductions in PPD for PC and control treatments were: 0.47 (0.1), 0.46 (0.1); 0.76 (0.1), 0.55 (0.1); 0.78 (0.1), 0.45 (0.1) for months 1, 3 and 6 respectively. Only at month 6 did the difference between treatments approach statistical significance (p=0.06). Mean (SE) reductions in CAL over the same periods were: 0.17 (0.1), 0.04 (0.08); 0.38 (0.1), 0.21 (0.1); 0.43 (0.1), 0.15 (0.09) p=0.048. Mean (SE) reduction in BI between PC and control treatments only reached statistical significance at 6 months: 1.08 (0.1), 0.59 (0.1) p=0.05.Conclusion: These data suggest that PerioChipTM is beneficial for patients on maintenance therapy although the benefit is not apparent until 6 months after placement.
Herpesviruses in HIV‐periodontitis
Authors: Contreras Adolfo , Mardirossian Armen , Slots Jørgen 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground/aims: Human herpesvirus‐associated diseases exhibit elevated morbidity and mortality in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of herpesviruses in HIV‐periodontitis.Method: Gingival biopsies from periodontitis lesions of 21 HIV‐patients and 14 non HIV‐patients were studied. Nested‐polymerase chain reaction methods were employed to detect human cytomegalovirus, Epstein‐Barr virus type 1 and 2 (EBV‐1, EBV‐2), herpes simplex virus, human herpes virus (HHV)‐6, HHV‐7 and HHV‐8.Results: Gingival biopsies from HIV‐periodontitis lesions showed on average 4.0 herpesvirus species and gingival biopsies from HIV periodontitis lesions of non‐HIV patients revealed an average of 1.9 herpesvirus species (p<0.001). Occurrence of 4 to 6 different herpesviruses was more common in HIV‐ than in non HIV‐gingival biopsies (71% vs. 7%) (p<0.001). EVB‐2 was detected in 12 (57%) biopsies from HIV‐periodontitis but was absent in non HIV‐periodontitis biopsies (p=0.002). HHV‐6 also occurred in significantly higher frequency in HIV‐periodontitis (71%) than in non HIV‐periodontitis (21%) (p=0.01). HHV‐8 was detected only in biopsies from HIV‐periodontitis lesions..Conclusion: HIV‐periodontitis seems to be associated with elevated occurrence of EBV‐2, HHV‐6 and herpesvirus co‐infections compared to periodontitis in non‐HIV‐patients. The periodontopathic significance of herpesviruses in HIV‐periodontitis constitutes a research topic of considerable interest.
A clinical study to compare the efficacy of 2 electric toothbrushes in plaque removal
Authors: Dörfer Christof E. , Berbig Bernadette , Von Bethlenfalvy Eric R. , Staehle Hans Jörg , Pioch Thomas 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjectives: To compare the cleaning efficacy of a powered toothbrush with 3‐dimensional brush head action (Braun Oral‐B 3D Plaque Remover D15) and a high‐speed “microtation” brush with an additional “microbrush®‐clip” (Rowenta Dentasonic MH921S).Material and Methods: 82 healthy subjects took part in the study. After a familiarization period of 8 days, the subjects abstained from all oral hygiene procedures for 48 h. After plaque was scored, the subjects brushed their teeth under supervision with the two brushes according to a split‐mouth design. Immediately after brushing, subjects completed a questionnaire and plaque was scored again.Results: The overall plaque scores were found to be significantly reduced from 3.05±0.60 to 1.96±0.63 by the D15 and from 3.02±0.58 to 2.24±0.64 by the Dentasonic (p<0.05). The proximal surface plaque scores were reduced from 3.20±0.63 to 2.17±0.69 by the D15 and from 3.17±0.60 to 2.44±0.69 by the Dentasonic. The relative plaque reduction was overall 36.6±12.2% for the D15 compared to 26.1±13.5% for the Dentasonic and at proximal surfaces, 33.1±12.3% and 23.2±13.0%, respectively. 75% of the subjects stated that they would prefer to keep the D15.Conclusions: Both brushes were able to remove a significant amount of plaque, but the D15 was significantly more effective compared to the Dentasonic. The additional “microbrush®‐clip” for the proximal embrasures failed to improve plaque removal from these tooth surfaces, compared to the D15 alone.
Periodontal disease among indigenous people in the Amazon rain forest
Authors: Ronderos Mauricio , Pihlstrom Bruce L. , Hodges James S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground: People are not all equally susceptible to periodontitis. To understand the epidemiology and natural history of this disease, it is important to study populations with varying genetic backgrounds and environmental exposures.Aim: Characterize the periodontal condition of a sample of indigenous adults in a remote region of the Amazon rain forest and determine the association of periodontal disease with various demographic, behavioral and environmental factors.Methods: A cross‐sectional evaluation of 244 subjects aged 20–70 years was conducted. Pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque and calculus were assessed for the Ramfjord index teeth.Results: These people had high levels of plaque, calculus and BOP. The mean PD was rather shallow (2.45 mm in 20–29 year‐olds to 2.73 mm in 50+ year‐olds) and did not increase significantly with age. Mean CAL (0.57 mm in 20–29 year‐olds and 2.26 mm in 50+ year‐olds) and mean location of the free gingival margin in relation to the cemento‐enamel junction changed significantly with age (p<0.0001). Multivariate analysis revealed that increasing age, bleeding on probing and calculus scores were positively associated with mean CAL (p<0.01). Sex, ethnicity, level of modern acculturation, use of coca or tobacco paste, frequency of dental visits and plaque were not associated with mean CAL.Conclusions: Periodontal disease in these people was mainly associated with gingival recession rather than deep pockets. Most people had clinical attachment loss but despite poor oral hygiene and extensive gingival inflammation, they did not have very severe periodontal destruction.
Comparative investigations of the desensitising efficacy of a new dentifrice
Authors: Sowinski J. , Ayad F. , Petrone M. , DeVizio W. , Volpe A. , Ellwood R. , Davies R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjectives: In two clinical trials of 8 weeks duration, the ability of a new dentifrice, containing potassium nitrate, stannous fluoride and sodium fluoride to reduce dentine hypersensitivity was compared with either a non‐desensitising fluoride dentifrice or a commercially available desensitising dentifrice (Sensodyne F) to reduce dentine hypersensitivity.Method: In both studies, the participants had to have at least two sensitive root surfaces. Subjects were stratified by baseline tactile and air blast sensitivity scores and the number of sensitive teeth and randomly allocated to 2 balanced groups. In the first study (N=81) the new dentifrice was compared with a fluoride dentifrice and in the second study (N=105) with Sensodyne F. Participants were requested to brush with their assigned dentifrice twice a day for one minute. At 4 and 8 weeks the sensitive teeth were again examined and their tactile and air blast sensitivity scores recorded.Results: In study 1, the group using the new dentifrice tolerated greater pressure after 4 (34.9 g) and 8 weeks (38.4 g) than the group using the fluoride dentifrice (22.9 g and 19.0 g, respectively). These differences were statistically significant (p<0.001). At 4 and 8 weeks, the mean air blast scores for the group using the new dentifrice (1.39 and 0.83) were lower than for the group using fluoride dentifrice (1.78 and 1.76) and were significantly different at 8 weeks (p<0.001). In study 2 the group using the new dentifrice tolerated greater pressure after 4 (40.5 g) and 8 weeks (43.7 g) than the group using Sensodyne F (27.8 g and 33.2 g, respectively). These differences were statistically significant (p<0.001). At 4 and 8 weeks, the mean air blast scores for the group using the new dentifrice (1.10 and 0.67) were significantly lower than the group using Sensodyne F (1.90 and 1.57) (p<0.001).Conclusions: These studies demonstrate that the new dentifrice, containing potassium nitrate, stannous fluoride and sodium fluoride is significantly better at reducing dentine hypersensitivity than both the dentifrice containing sodium fluoride and the one containing potassium chloride, triclosan and sodium fluoride (Sensodyne F).
Tooth substance loss resulting from mechanical, sonic and ultrasonic root instrumentation assessed by liquid scintillation
Authors: Schmidlin P. R. , Beuchat M. , Busslinger A. , Lehmann B. , Lutz F. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAims: This study investigated the loss of tooth substance (μg) by means of liquid scintillation in combination with profilometric and SEM analyses in order to evaluate the roughness and morphological changes of the root surface before and after instrumentation.Method: 40 polished and irradiated bovine root surfaces were scaled in vitro while covered with 50 ml destilled water using a sonic prototype (Periosonic® 1/2), a magnetostrictive ultrasonic (Cavitron® with Slimline® inserts) scaler and a hand curette. Pressures were applied for the Periosonic, Cavitron and hand curette at 500, 500 and 30 g respectively, for 30‐s intervals, up to 120 s. Loss of apatite (μg) was determined from the decays/min (32P) of the water samples using the radiochemical method of liquid scintilation. Replicas were made of the specimens for SEM and profilometric analyses.Results: The least substance loss was noted significantly (p<0.01) at all time intervals after Slimline, followed by the fine sonic prototype Periosonic 2, then the Periosonic 1 and finally the hand curette. In contrast, profilometric and SEM analyses revealed the smoothest root surfaces after the hand curette, whereas Cavitron produced a less smooth surface.Conclusion: It can be concluded that this method can reveal very precisely small quantities of substance lost and, in combination with SEM analysis and microroughness measurements, be of considerable value in evaluating the aggressiveness and efficacy of periodontal instruments.
The significance of prior mechanical therapy for changes of periodontal status achieved by local delivery of a doxycyclinehyclate containing gel
Authors: Wolinsky Lawrence E. , Camargo Paulo M. , Polson Alan , Ryder Mark , Garrett Steven 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAim: The purpose of this retrospective analysis was to examine what effect, if any, the time elapsed between an individual’s last episode of scaling and root planing and subsequent treatment with a sustained‐release doxycycline hyclate gel (DH) alone or scaling and root planing alone (SRP) would have upon adult periodontitis.Methods: A total of 207 subjects were included in the DH group and 210 patients in the SRP group. Periodontitis was defined as those sites which presented with pocket depths 5 mm and exhibited bleeding upon probing. In both DH and SRP groups, 3 sub‐groups of subjects were identified according to their last episode of scaling and root planing prior to the study baseline: within 2 to 6 months, >6 but 12 months, and one or more times in their life but not within the last 12 months. Each study site was treated twice over a 9‐month study period, once at baseline and again at 4 months. Data from the study sites at 4, 6, and 9 months were then evaluated for changes in probing depth, clinical attachment level, and bleeding upon probing.Results: At the 9‐month evaluation, all sub‐groups in the DH and SRP treatment arms presented with improvement in the measured clinical parameters, as compared to baseline. No significant differences were observed in the measured periodontal indices among the study sites between the three sub‐groups for either treatment.Conclusions: It is concluded that the time interval since the last episode of scaling and root planing had no observable effect on the results achieved when treating periodontitis sites with locally delivered doxycycline hyclate alone or scaling and root planing alone. The treatment of periodontitis sites with locally delivered doxycycline hyclate resulted in clinical improvement comparable to scaling and root planing irrespective of the patient’s prophylaxis frequency.
Sulfate‐reducing bacteria in relation with other potential periodontal pathogens
Authors: Langendijk‐Genevaux P. S. , Grimm W.‐D. , Van Der Hoeven J. S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground, aims: Oral sulfate‐reducing bacteria are involved in several clinical categories of periodontitis. The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to compare the presence of sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) with other putative pathogens including spirochetes, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides forsythus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Treponema denticola in periodontal lesions.Method: Periodontal SRB were detected by enrichment culture and compared with a microscopic spirochete count (n=168). Species‐specific oligonucleotide probes directed against the 16S rRNA were employed to determine the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, B. forsythus, and T. denticola (n=55).Results: A significant positive correlation was observed between the presence of SRB and the proportions of spirochetes in subgingival plaque, although the 2 bacterial groups also occurred separately. SRB tended to be negatively correlated with the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans. In contrast, all pockets with SRB harbored either T. denticola, or both T. denticola and B. forsythus (12/14) before therapy. Interestingly, the combination of SRB with P. gingivalis occurred in 32% of the periodontal pockets before treatment. After initial periodontal therapy, the prevalence of this combination was reduced to 2% of the sites, and to 25% of the sites in recall patients.Conclusion: The presence of SRB was positively correlated with T. denticola, B. forsythus, and P. gingivalis in periodontal lesions. These suspected pathogens form a complex strongly associated with destructive periodontitis.
Cyclooxygenase‐2 Gene−765single nucleotide polymorphism as a protective factor against periodontitis in Taiwanese
Authors: Ho Ya‐Ping , Lin Ying‐Chu , Yang Yi‐Hsin , Ho Kun‐Yen , Wu Yi‐Min , Tsai Chi‐Cheng 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAim:Prostaglandin E2(PGE2) is considered to be an important mediator of tissue destruction in periodontitis. The cyclooxygenase (COX) catalyses the production of PGs. COX‐2, which is induced in an inflammatory response, is responsible for PGs synthesis at sites of inflammation. A single nucleotide polymorphism of COX‐2−765has been shown to alter the expression of the COX‐2 gene. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the association of the COX‐2−765polymorphism and susceptibility to periodontitis in Taiwanese.Material and Methods:Eighty‐five cases of aggressive periodontitis (AgP), 343 cases of chronic periodontitis (CP) and 153 cases of healthy controls (HC) were recruited for the study. Genotypes of COX‐2−765were determined by polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP). The distribution of genotypes among groups was compared by logistic regression analyses. The risk for periodontitis associated with genotypes was calculated as the odds ratio (OR).Results:The prevalence of the GC and CC genotypes was significantly lower in AgP (5%) and in CP (29%) compared with the HC (42%). The ORs for carriage of the −765C allele (GC+CCversusGG) in AgP and CP were 0.068 (95% CI=0.020–0.173,p<0.0001) and 0.571 (95% CI=0.385–0.849,p=0.006), respectively. After adjustment for age, gender and smoking status, the OR was 0.071 (95% CI=0.017–0.219) and 0.552 (95% CI=0.367–0.829) for AgP and CP, respectively.Conclusions:The results of the study suggest that the −765G to C polymorphism of the COX‐2 gene is associated with a decreased risk for periodontitis in Taiwanese, especially in AgP. However, the biological meaning needs further investigation.
The use of rodent models to investigate host–bacteria interactions related to periodontal diseases
Authors: Graves Dana T. , Fine Daniel , Teng Yen‐Tung A. , Van Dyke Thomas E. , Hajishengallis George 
Published: August 2010

AbstractEven though animal models have limitations, they are often superior to in vitro or clinical studies in addressing mechanistic questions and serve as an essential link between hypotheses and human patients. Periodontal disease can be viewed as a process that involves four major stages: bacterial colonization, invasion, induction of a destructive host response in connective tissue and a repair process that reduces the extent of tissue breakdown. Animal studies should be evaluated in terms of their capacity to test specific hypotheses rather than their fidelity to all aspects of periodontal disease initiation and progression. Thus, each of the models described below can be adapted to test discrete components of these four major steps, but not all of them. This review describes five different animal models that are appropriate for examining components of host–bacteria interactions that can lead to breakdown of hard and soft connective tissue or conditions that limit its repair as follows: the mouse calvarial model, murine oral gavage models with or without adoptive transfer of human lymphocytes, rat ligature model and rat Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans feeding model.
Clinical subgingival calculus detection with a smart ultrasonic device: a pilot study
Authors: Meissner Grit , Oehme Bernd , Strackeljan Jens , Kocher Thomas 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAim: We have recently tested a surface detection system based on a conventional dental ultrasonic scaler in vitro. The aim of the present study was to investigate sensitivity and the specificity of the detection device in vivo.Material and Methods: Subgingival buccal surfaces of 63 arbitrarily selected periodontally compromised teeth were scanned intra‐orally, while the supragingival positions of the insert, along with the corresponding signals of the detection system, were saved as separate files. After extraction, the surface detection results were evaluated by re‐positioning the inserts' position on the tooth in vitro and comparing the detection results with visual findings.Results: On the scanned tooth surfaces, there were 44 calculus spots, which covered 22.3% of all scanned surfaces (prevalence). The calculus‐free surface was divided into “spots” mathematically. The device correctly classified 40 calculus and 125 cementum spots, whereas four calculus and 28 cementum spots were classified incorrectly. Calculus and cementum were discriminated with a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 82%. The positive and negative predictive values were 0.59 and 0.97.Conclusion: The surface detection device was able to clinically differentiate cementum and calculus in vivo. Therefore, this method may support the decision of whether continued subgingival scaling could damage the cementum.
C‐reactive protein associated with periodontitis in a Thai population
Authors: Pitiphat Waranuch , Savetsilp Warangrat , Wara‐Aswapati Nawarat 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAim: C‐reactive protein (CRP) has been implicated as a possible mediator of the association between periodontitis and several systemic diseases. Previous studies suggest an association between increased CRP levels and periodontitis predominantly in Caucasians. This study evaluated the associations of chronic periodontitis and Porphyromonas gingivalis with CRP in systemically healthy Thai adults.Material and Methods: Serum high‐sensitivity CRP was measured in 21 generalized periodontitis, 62 localized periodontitis, and 38 periodontally healthy control subjects. P. gingivalis in subgingival plaque samples was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction.Results: Overall, these subjects had a median CRP level lower than that reported in the western populations. Subjects with generalized periodontitis and localized periodontitis had higher median CRP levels than controls (1.78 and 0.65 mg/l versus 0.25 mg/l, p<0.001). Multivariate linear regression showed that log CRP levels were increased in subjects with generalized periodontitis (p<0.01) and localized periodontitis (p=0.03) compared with the controls, adjusted for age, body mass index and smoking. Presence of P. gingivalis was also independently associated with elevated log CRP levels (p<0.001).Conclusion: Periodontitis and subgingival P. gingivalis are associated with increased CRP levels. These findings suggest that periodontal infection may contribute to systemic inflammatory burden in otherwise healthy individuals.