bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of automated and AI‐driven algorithms for the detection of hippocampal sclerosis and focal cortical dysplasia
Authors: Bernasconi Andrea , Gill Ravnoor S. , Bernasconi Neda 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn drug‐resistant epilepsy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a central role in detecting lesions as it offers unmatched spatial resolution and whole‐brain coverage. In addition, the last decade has witnessed continued developments in MRI‐based computer‐aided machine‐learning techniques for improved diagnosis and prognosis. In this review, we focus on automated algorithms for the detection of hippocampal sclerosis and focal cortical dysplasia, particularly in cases deemed as MRI negative, with an emphasis on studies with histologically validated data. In addition, we discuss imaging‐derived prognostic markers, including response to anti‐seizure medication, post‐surgical seizure outcome, and cognitive reserves. We also highlight the advantages and limitations of these approaches and discuss future directions toward person‐centered care.
Penile carcinoma: A retrospective analysis of 93 patients at a tertiary care center in Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Manurung Mega Anara , Umbas Rainy , Hamid Agus Rizal A. H. , Mochtar Chaidir Arif 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesPenile carcinoma (PC) is a rare disease with considerable physical and psychological impact. To date, there is no data regarding PC prevalence and characteristics in Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of patients with PC in Indonesia and determine cumulative survival rates and time to disease progression.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of all patients diagnosed with PC at Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital from 1995 to 2014, with a minimum of 1 year follow‐up. The outcomes of the study were cumulative survival rates and time‐to‐disease progression.ResultsNinety‐three subjects were recruited, with a mean age of 49.44 ± 13.62. Inguinal lymph node dissection (ILND) was performed in 49 (53%) patients. The mean survival in the ILND group was better compared to the non‐ILND group (80.7 months vs. 67.1 months; p = 0.032). Time‐to‐progression in the ILND group was significantly longer than in the non‐ILND group (71.7 months vs. 54.3 months; p = 0.022). No significant difference in survival between the total and partial penectomy (PP) groups was observed (p = 0.701). Time‐to‐progression in total penectomy (TP) was significantly longer than in PP (68 months vs. 56.0 months; p = 0.023). In Cox‐regression analysis, after adjustment of other variables, history of ILND, higher stage of cancer, and older age were found to affect the survival of patients.ConclusionILND in PC led to better survival and reduced disease progression. The type of penectomy is only associated with progression but not survival. TP had a longer time to disease progression compared to PP.
Influence of trap centers on persistent luminescence of Cr3+ or Yb3+ Co‐doped Y3Al2Ga3O12:Pr3+ ceramic phosphors
Authors: Du Qiping , Ueda Jumpei , Tanabe Setsuhisa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLanthanide ion doped garnet is one of the representative persistent luminescence (PersL) phosphors that have been widely investigated. However, the role of the trap centers, either intentionally added co‐dopants or intrinsic defects arising during the sintering process, and their effect on the performance of PersL has not been completely elucidated, especially when they coexist. In pursuit of clarifying the relationship among different trap centers and their impact on the afterglow, herein, low‐concentration Pr3+ and Cr3+/Yb3+ (electron trap) co‐doped Y3Al2Ga3O12 ceramic phosphors are synthesized using a solid‐state reaction method under a vacuum atmosphere and some of them are further subjected to annealing condition. The observed thermoluminescence glow curves are composed of two strong peaks related to oxygen vacancies and a weak peak formed by each Cr and Yb trap based on the relative concentration ratio. On the other hand, it is found that the Cr3+ and Yb3+ions act as prominent near‐infrared (NIR) PersL centers in the NIR‐I and NIR‐II region, respectively, matching with the first and the second biological window. This work allowed for an exploration of the properties of distinct trap centers and how they influence the PersL and are likely to hasten the development of new PersL materials.
Thermodynamic properties of rare‐earth tantalates enhanced by high entropy design
Authors: Liu Wenqing , Peng Fan , Huang Yiling , Zheng Wei , Song Xuemei , Zeng Yi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRare‐earth tantalates present promise as thermal barrier coatings due to their favorable thermodynamic characteristics. To further diminish thermal conductivity, three high‐entropy tantalate samples, namely (Ce0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2Lu0.2)3TaO7, (Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2Gd0.2Tm0.2)3TaO7, and (Ce0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2Dy0.2)3TaO7, denoted as HE‐1, HE‐2, and HE‐3, respectively, were synthesized in this investigation. HE‐1 exhibits a low thermal conductivity of 1.46 W/(m·K)–1 at 1000°C. The rationale behind this reduced thermal conductivity is expounded via the phonon scattering mechanism. The introduction of atomic disparities and grain size inhomogeneity, attributable to high‐entropy doping, collaborates to enhance phonon scattering, culminating in the lowest thermal conductivity. HE‐3, on the other hand, possesses a notable thermal expansion coefficient of 11.6 × 10−6 K−1 at 1200°C and manifests pronounced anisotropy in CTEs. All three high‐entropy samples demonstrate commendable mechanical properties, with Young's modulus lower than that of single‐component rare‐earth tantalates, while simultaneously exhibiting high hardness values (>8.4 GPa). This work furnishes a valuable reference for the utilization of high entropy rare‐earth tantalates in the realm of thermal barrier coatings.
Glass‐ZnS:Ag scintillating composite for radiation detection
Authors: Tu Degui , Wang Dazhao , Liu Xunpiao , Lv Shichao , Tang Bin , Sun Zhijia , Zhou Shifeng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNeutrons are widely used in national defense, security, and medical health fields. It is critical to realize neutron detection with high efficiency. The most popular neutron detection scintillators such as lithium glass and 6LiF/ZnS:Ag screen exhibit insurmountable limitations: the former usually has relatively rather low light yield and latter is opaque. In this research, we report the successful construction of the novel full inorganic composite scintillators by low temperature co‐firing technology. The composite scintillator is derived from the ZnS:Ag and borate glass matrix, and it shows better transparency compared with the standard 6LiF/ZnS:Ag screen. It exhibits excellent scintillation properties with the X‐ray induced emission intensity of these composite scintillators reaching approximately 2.46 times of the standard Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO) crystal. The light output under thermal neutron excitation can reach 75 000 photons/neutron. In addition, it presents excellent neutron detection performance with natural abundance of 10B isotope. Our research findings can serve as a valuable reference for the advancement of robust neutron detection materials, particularly in the domain of ZnS:Ag‐based full inorganic scintillator for neutron detection.
Combined experimental and computational assessment of the Li2O${\rm Li}_2{\rm O}$‐La2O3${\rm La}_2 {\rm O}_3$═ZrO2${\rm ZrO}_2$ phase diagram
Authors: Hong Qi‐Jun , Tepesch Patrick D. , van de Walle Axel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe perform an assessment of the ‐═ phase diagram using an array of computational methods to address significant gaps in available experimental data at high‐temperatures, due to lithium loss and high reactivity with most materials, which poses significant containment challenges. Free energies of the solids are calculated via the quasi‐harmonic approximation (QHA) and thermodynamic integration, based on the density functional theory (DFT) simulations. Free energies of the liquids are modeled as regular solutions, with enthalpies of mixing calculated from DFT molecular dynamics simulations. The melting temperatures of , , , and (LLZO) are calculated using the small‐size coexistence method. Free energies from prior experimental assessments are combined with our computational results to generate a CALculation of PHAse Diagram (CALPHAD) model and phase diagrams.
Incidence and prevalence of hypertension in 18–40‐year‐old patients referred for palpitations with normal cardiac monitor findings
Authors: Wasco Christopher , Khan Zeryab , Willett Aimee , Volio Andrew , Carter Cody , Kesari Aditya , Kothari Shaili , Scheidemantel Andrew , Bennett Katelyn , Schafer Jessalyn , Lockhart Marie , Chopra Nagesh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSixteen percent of patients referred for cardiology evaluation are found to have no cause for palpitations. Studies show that hypertension intricately influences “heart rate” and “contractility,?” the key components of “palpitation.” While the prevalence of hypertension is 22.4% in 18–39‐year‐olds, the relationship between palpitations and hypertension remains unknown in this age group. In our study, we assessed the incidence and prevalence of hypertension over 5 years in 18–40‐year‐olds referred for palpitations who had no known arrhythmic cause for palpitations between January 1, 206 and December 31, 2017. We found that over a period of 2.2 (0.7–4.1) years, an additional 56% patients were diagnosed with stage 1 (65/130) and stage 2 (28/130) hypertension, increasing the prevalence from 16% at the start of the study period to 72% at the end of the study period (p < .0001). Hypertensive patients were obese (BMI: 29 [24–36] kg/m2 vs. 25 [22–31] kg/m2; p = .03), used nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (62 vs. 35%; p = .04), had a stronger family history of hypertension (55 vs. 4%; p < .0001) and exhibited higher systolic (124[120–130] mmHg vs. 112[108–115] mmHg; p < .0001) and diastolic (80[76–83] mmHg vs. 72[69–75] mmHg; p < .0001) blood pressures. Hypertension is commonly diagnosed in 18–40‐year‐old predominantly white female patients referred for palpitations without a known arrhythmic cause. The possibility of untreated hypertension causing palpitations in this cohort needs further evaluation.
Burden of atopic dermatitis in Europe: A population‐centred approach leveraging web search data in 21 European countries
Authors: Wecker Hannah , Ziehfreund Stefanie , Sitaru Sebastian , Johansson Emma K. , Elberling Jesper , Doll Anaïs , Nicolaidou Electra , Scala Emanuele , Boffa Michael J. , Schmidt Lea , Sikora Mariusz , Torres Tiago , Chernyshov Pavel V. , Zink Alexander 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe complexity, high prevalence, and substantial personal and socioeconomic burden collectively render atopic dermatitis (AD) a major public health concern. Using crowdsourced Internet data has the potential to provide unique insights into this concern, as demonstrated by several previous studies. However, a comprehensive comparison across European countries remains lacking.ObjectivesThe study aimed to investigate AD‐related web searches across Europe to assess spatiotemporal variations and associations between disease‐related and external factors.MethodsAD‐related web search data were extracted for 21 European countries between February 2019 and January 2023. Descriptive analysis and autocorrelation functions were performed to examine spatiotemporal patterns. Correlations (r) were used to evaluate the associations between web searches and disease‐related, socioeconomic and meteorological data.ResultsOver 241 million AD‐related web searches were identified, with search volume varying substantially among European countries (p < 0.001) and correlating with AD prevalence and disease burden (both r = 0.51, p = 0.019). Search volume increased between 2019 and 2023 in all countries and seasonally peaked in January and March. Negative correlations with median population age (r = −0.46, p = 0.039), number of general practitioners (r = −0.29, p = 0.226) and specialists (r = −0.27, p = 0.270) were observed. Moderate to strong correlations were found between search volume and cold, humid and windy weather with fewer sunshine hours, while higher online interest typically occurred 1–3 months after such weather conditions.ConclusionThe study highlights the great potential of online crowdsourced data analysis, for example, to investigate the impact of climate change or to identify unmet needs at a population level. Furthermore, the growing online interest in AD and the corresponding seasonal peaks emphasize the necessity of adapting treatment plans, intensifying public health campaigns, and disseminating reliable online information by governments and healthcare providers, especially during these periods.
Endurance exercise associated with a fructooligosaccharide diet modulates gut microbiota and increases colon absorptive area
Authors: Moura Filipe , Romeiro Caroline , Petriz Bernardo , Cavichiolli Nathalia , Almeida Jeeser A. , Castro Alinne , Franco Octavio L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimFructooligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation can stimulate beneficial intestinal bacteria growth, but little is known about its influence on training performance. Therefore, this study analyzed FOS and exercise effects on gut microbiota and intestinal morphology of C57Bl/6 mice.MethodsForty male mice were divided into four groups: standard diet‐sedentary (SDS), standard diet‐exercised (SDE), FOS supplemented (7.5% FOS)‐sedentary (FDS), and FOS supplemented‐exercised (FDE), n = 10 each group. Exercise training consisted of 60 min/day, 3 days/week, for 12 weeks.ResultsSDE and FDE groups had an increase in aerobic performance compared to the pretraining period and SDS and FDS groups (P < 0.01), respectively. Groups with FOS increased colonic crypts size (P < 0.05). The FDE group presented rich microbiota (α‐diversity) compared to other groups. The FDE group also acquired a greater microbial abundance (β‐diversity) than other groups. The FDE group had a decrease in the Ruminococcaceae (P < 0.002) and an increase in Roseburia (P < 0.003), Enterorhabdus (P < 0.004) and Anaerotruncus (P < 0.006).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that aerobic exercise associated with FOS supplementation modulates gut microbiota and can increase colonic crypt size without improving endurance exercise performance.
MINFLUX nanoscopy: Visualising biological matter at the nanoscale level
Authors: Carsten Alexander , Failla Antonio Virgilio , Aepfelbacher Martin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSince its introduction in 2017, MINFLUX nanoscopy has shown that it can visualise fluorescent molecules with an exceptional localisation precision of a few nanometres. In this overview, we provide a brief insight into technical implementations, fluorescent marker developments and biological studies that have been conducted in connection with MINFLUX imaging and tracking. We also formulate ideas on how MINFLUX nanoscopy and derived technologies could influence bioimaging in the future. This insight is intended as a general starting point for an audience looking for a brief overview of MINFLUX nanoscopy from theory to application.
Platelet‐rich fibrin: A review of its role as a new treatment in androgenetic alopecia
Authors: Shrestha Samir , Pathak Raksha , Jagat G. C. , Donovan Jeff 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundAndrogenetic alopecia (AGA) is a major cause of hair loss resulting from a complex interplay between various genes and hormones with the result being follicular miniaturization and altered hair cycle dynamics. Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) has a well‐established role as adjunctive therapy in AGA but there are many limitations of it. In an attempt to overcome the shortcomings of PRP, liquid platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) was developed.AimThis article critically reviews the protocol for the preparation and clinical outcomes of PRF.Patients/MethodsThe articles published so far in the English language regarding the preparation and clinical outcomes of PRF were reviewed.ResultsAmong five studies analyzing various centrifugation speeds and centrifugation times, three of the studies favored low‐speed centrifugation, whereas two studies did not support this methodology. A horizontal centrifuge may be preferred over a fixed‐angle centrifuge for PRF. Five clinical studies on the use of PRF showed a significant effect on AGA.ConclusionAt present, there is no consensus regarding the preparation of PRF. Most studies used fixed‐angle centrifugation favored low centrifuge speed and less centrifugation time. Larger studies are needed to determine the optimal centrifugation force and time. A horizontal centrifuge may be preferred over a fixed‐angle centrifuge due to the higher yield of platelets, and lesser shear trauma to the cells. In addition, larger, well‐designed studies are needed to confirm the benefits of PRF over PRP.
Evaluation of oral function using a composite sensor during maximum lip closure and swallowing in normal children and adults
Authors: Hozawa Mio , Nakamura Yuki , Sotome Tetsuya , Nakajima Tsutomu , Hanasaki Mika , Sasakawa Yuki , Tsukuno Saeko , Yonemoto Yuki , Hayasaki Haruaki 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is growing interest in the development of objective methods for assessing lip‐closing function in children.ObjectiveTo obtain normative data for healthy children in the developmental stages of lip closure function, we quantitatively evaluated oral movements associated with lip closure in children and adults using a composite sensor (CS).MethodsTwenty‐five normal children (11 boys, 14 girls) aged 8.8 ± 1.6 years and 25 young adults (13 men, 12 women) aged 27.4 ± 3.9 years were asked to perform test movements, maximal lip closure and swallowing of 3 mL of water. Lip‐closing pressure (LP), intraoral baro‐pressure (IP) and electromyographic (EMG) activity of the upper orbicularis oris muscle were simultaneously recorded using the CS.ResultsEMG activity of the upper orbicularis oris muscle during closure was significantly greater in adults than in children. There were significant positive correlations between integral values of LP and EMG for closure in adults (r = .527, p = .008) but not in children, and significant positive correlations between integral values of LP and IP for swallowing in children (r = .508, p = .010) but not in adults.ConclusionsThe CS may provide an effective tool for evaluating lip function in children acquiring oral function. For the combination of maxillary orbicularis oculus contraction and formation of intraoral negative pressure, EMG activity of the upper orbicularis oris muscle involvement in LP and IP involvement in LP may differ between children and adults.
“They think we wear loincloths”: Spatial stigma, coloniality, and physician migration in Puerto Rico
Authors: Padilla Mark , Varas‐Diaz Nelson , Rodríguez‐Madera Sheilla , Vertovec John , Rivera‐Custodio Joshua , Rivera‐Bustelo Kariela , Mercado‐Rios Claudia , Matiz‐Reyes Armando , Santiago‐Santiago Adrian , González‐Font Yoymar , Ramos‐Pibernus Alixida , Grove Kevin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPuerto Rico (PR) is facing an unprecedented healthcare crisis due to accelerating migration of physicians to the mainland United States (US), leaving residents with diminishing healthcare and excessively long provider wait times. While scholars and journalists have identified economic factors driving physician migration, our study analyzes the effects of spatial stigma within the broader context of coloniality as unexamined dimensions of physician loss. Drawing on 50 semi‐structured interviews with physicians throughout PR and the US, we identified how stigmatizing meanings are attached to PR, its people, and its biomedical system, often incorporating colonial notions of the island's presumed backwardness, lagging medical technology, and lack of cutting‐edge career opportunities. We conclude that in addition to economically motivated policies, efforts to curb physician migration should also address globally circulating ideas about PR, acknowledge their roots in coloniality, and valorize local responses to the crisis that are in danger of being lost to history.
The Gift of Intelligence and the Sacramentality of Real Presence: Overcoming the Dataist Metaphysics of Modern Cognitivism
Authors: Hoff Johannes 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the last twenty‐five years scientific research on embodied cognition and related discussions in the philosophy of technology and science have led to two groundbreaking insights: 1. Perceptions, memories, meanings, and volitions are neither located in the brain nor reducible to intentional acts of ‘autonomous subjects’. 2. Human intelligence is always embedded in an embodied, simultaneously natural and artificial environment that is charged with meaning. These insights are compatible with holistic, relational concepts of embodied intelligence in the tradition of sapiential thinkers like Augustine, Thomas Aquinas and Nicholas of Cusa, and related sacramental ontologies. The modern break with this tradition was inspired by the dataist metaphysics of the ‘Gutenberg revolution’ and culminated in the thesis that human cognition is a kind of pattern extraction or the upshot of the synthesis of elementary sensory data. By contrast, the fact that the business of pattern‐extraction has become replaceable by the work of ‘artificial intelligences’ calls two things to mind: First, the late‐modern confusion of human with ‘artificial intelligence’ is the upshot of a reductionist metaphysics that provoked an unhealthy assimilation of human cognition to the way machines work. Second, in order to strengthen what distinguishes human intelligence from ‘artificial intelligences’, we need to recover the premodern unity of being, truth, beauty and the good, starting from a holistic, trinitarian anthropology. As the most recent research on Human Computer Interaction (HCI) shows, this requires a revision of our modern, instrumental attitude toward technical artifacts which emerged in the Age of the Reformation. Seen from this angle, the recovery of the sacramental ontology of premodernity has become a matter of urgency not primarily in terms of theological developments but in terms of the very innovations that provoked its modern ‘disenchantment’.
Influence of insular conditions on wing phenotypic variation in two dominant mosquito vectors, Aedes albopictus and Armigeres subalbatus (Diptera: Culicidae), in the border archipelagos of Thailand
Authors: Laojun Sedthapong , Sontigun Narin , Chaiphongpachara Tanawat 
Published: April 2024

AbstractInsects geographically separated into island and mainland populations often exhibit phenotypic variations, a phenomenon known as insular conditions. These conditions can lead to rapid evolutionary changes that affect the morphological characteristics of mosquito vectors. Nevertheless, studies that specifically examine phenotype differences between island and mainland mosquito populations have been limited. In this study, wing variation in size and shape was investigated using the geometric morphometric (GM) technique in two dominant mosquito vectors, Aedes albopictus and Armigeres subalbatus, in the Ranong and Trat archipelagos of Thailand. Significant differences in average wing centroid size (CS) were found in 6 out of 15 population pairs for Ae. albopictus (p < 0.05) and in 5 population pairs for Ar. subalbatus (p < 0.05). After removing the allometric effect, canonical variate analyses (CVA) based on wing shape analysis revealed overlap across all populations for both Ae. albopictus and Ar. subalbatus. However, the statistical analysis indicated that Ar. subalbatus exhibited wing shape differences across all populations (p < 0.05), and most Ae. albopictus populations also displayed distinct wing shapes (p < 0.05), except for the populations from Chang Island and the mainland of Ranong, which showed no significant differences (p > 0.05). These findings enhance our understanding of mosquito adaptability in island regions and provide valuable data for the surveillance and monitoring of vector evolution.