bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of different printing orientations and post‐polymerization time on the translucency of three‐dimensional (3D) printed denture base resins
Authors: Gad Mohammed M. , Fouda Shaimaa M. , Alshammary Hend , Altayyar Raand , Elakel Ahmed , Nassar Essam A. , Khan Soban Q. , Rahoma Ahmed M. , Elhagali Ahmed Fathey , Özcan Mutlu , Al‐Harbi Fahad A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effect of different printing orientations and post‐polymerization time with thermal cycling on the translucency of 3D‐printed denture base resins.MethodsHeat‐polymerized (HP) acrylic resin specimens were fabricated and 3D‐printed denture base materials (NextDent, ASIGA, FormLabs) were printed with different printing orientations (0, 45, 90 degrees) and subjected to different post‐polymerization times (15‐, 30‐, 60‐, and 90‐min). All specimens were polished and immersed in distilled water for 1 day at 37°C. CIEDE2000 was used to measure the translucency parameters (TP00) before and after thermal cycling (5000 cycles) recording the color parameters (L*, a*, b*) against a black and white background using a spectrophotometer. k‐factors ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey's test (α = .05) was performed for statistical analysis.ResultsThe k‐factors ANOVA test showed a significant effect of resin material, post‐polymerization time, and printing orientation on translucency (p < 0.001). In comparison to HP, all 3D‐printed resins showed lower translucency with all post‐polymerization times and printing orientation (p < 0.001) except FormLabs resin (p > 0.05). For all 3D‐printed resins, the translucency increased, with increasing the post‐polymerization time (p < 0.001) and 60‐ and 90‐min showed the highest translucency. For printing orientation, 90 and 45 degrees significantly showed high translucency in comparison to 0 degrees (p < 0.001). FormLabs showed significantly higher translucency when compared with NextDent and ASIGA per respective printing orientation and post‐polymerization time. The translucency significantly decreased after thermal cycling for all tested resins (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe findings of this study demonstrated that the translucency of 3D‐printed resins is influenced by the printing orientation, post‐polymerization time, and resin type. As a result, choosing a resin type, and printing orientation, with a longer post‐polymerization time should be considered since it may improve the esthetic appearance of the 3D‐printed resins.
The experiences of people starting haemodialysis: A qualitative study
Authors: Mehta Kshama , Hussein Wael F. , Leuther Kerstin K. , Fegler Alexandra , Schiller Brigitte , Bennett Paul N. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveStarting dialysis is a life‐changing transition for people living with kidney disease. People feel overwhelmed with diet changes, medications and surgical interventions, and often experience high levels of anxiety, depression and hospital admissions. The objective of this study was to explore and describe the experiences and perspectives of people starting dialysis.Study DesignObservational qualitative study using audio‐recorded, individual, semi‐structured interviews.ParticipantsWe conducted 20 semi‐structured interviews with English‐speaking adults who were within 90 days of starting in‐centre haemodialysis at centres of a nonprofit dialysis provider in Northern California.ApproachTrained qualitative researchers conducted interviews that were deidentified and transcribed verbatim before being inductively coded into codes, categories, and themes.ResultsThree overarching themes emerged from the interviews. Being overwhelmed when starting dialysis, realises the emotional unpreparedness of patients starting dialysis and how the centre's environment (waiting and treatment areas) and staff behaviour impact the dialysis start experience. Making sense of it all, covers how the patient's symptoms, behaviour, and dialysis‐related experiences impact the dialysis start. Moving forward, describes how education informed optimal decision‐making, and can provide hope for a longer and better life.LimitationsPredominantly college‐educated participants were recruited from a single dialysis organisation which may limit the transferability of results.ConclusionUnderstanding the life‐changing experiences that patients encounter when starting dialysis assist dialysis clinicians to help patients adjust and develop long‐term coping strategies.
Cozy den or winter walk: the effects of climate and supplementary feeding on brown bear winter behavior
Authors: Bogdanović N. , Zedrosser A. , Hertel A. G. , Ćirović D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHibernation is a key adaptation for coping with unfavorable climatic conditions and low food availability in areas with severe winter conditions. While understanding the physiology and phenology of this adaptation has received considerable attention, comparatively little information is available on how hibernation will be affected by changing climate conditions. We used GPS telemetry data from 20 free‐ranging brown bears monitored over 31 winters between 2007 and 2022, to identify behavioral strategies of bears during winter. We applied behavioral change point analysis to quantify brown bears’ hibernation phenology in a population close to the bear's southern latitudinal range limit in Europe where supplementary food is available to bears year‐round. We observed winter behavior patterns that varied across age and reproductive classes but also within individuals between winters. Among 31 winter events, we registered six cases in which bears exhibited a single hibernation/stationary period and 19 events where hibernation was split into up to five stationary periods. Moreover, six winter events did not show behaviors consistent with hibernation and individuals remained partly or completely active throughout winter. The movement of these active bears decreased with increasing snow depth. In addition, these winter‐active bears showed higher fidelity to supplementary feeding sites during the winter period compared to the rest of the year. Our data suggest that an abundance of human‐provided food resources during winter may facilitate the emergence of different wintering strategies in brown bears. Furthermore, supplemental feeding sites in combination with predicted mild winters and prolonged natural food availability suggest that the use of hibernation as an energy‐saving strategy to overcome severe environmental conditions may decrease in the future.
Serpentinite‐hosted chemosynthetic community of South Chamorro Seamount, Mariana Forearc
Authors: Chen Chong , Watanabe Hiromi Kayama , Sawada Hikaru , Iwamoto Hisanori , Takai Ken 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDeep‐sea chemosynthetic ecosystems are ‘oases’ of life powered by reducing geofluids, of which serpentinite‐hosted seeps are among the least studied. South Chamorro Seamount, a serpentine mud volcano on the Mariana Arc, has been known to host chemosynthesis‐based assemblages since 1996, but no detailed information on the fauna was published. Here, we revisited South Chamorro to characterise its biodiversity. We located two regions of chemosynthetic communities dominated by bathymodioline mussels, vesicomyid clams, and chaetopterid parchment worms: one on the northwestern flank (‘Fryer Site’) and one on the southern summit (‘Summit Site’). We sampled a total of 20 species including 13 molluscs, five annelids, and two crustaceans – all present on the more active Summit Site but only a subset being found at Fryer Site. A mussel bed surrounding the Fryer Site was drilled by the Ocean Drilling Program in 2001 resulting in six holes, the deepest being 266 m (Hole 1200C). Cuttings ~50 cm deep still cover an approximately 60 m radius around Hole 1200C even 22 years later, and there is no sign of recovery. Low geofluid supply in serpentinite‐hosted seamounts may not allow decadal recovery of animal colonies, unlike a previous drilling site in an Okinawa Trough vent.
Genetic connectivity of the common octopus (Octopus insularis) along the southwestern Caribbean
Authors: Puentes‐Sayo Alejandra , Quintero‐Galvis Julian F. , Campos Nestor H. , Acero P Arturo , Narváez‐Barandica Juan Carlos 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOctopus insularis is a shallow‐water octopus distributed throughout the western Atlantic, the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean. To evaluate its phylogeographic pattern, mitochondrial markers (16S rRNA and COIII) and genome‐wide nuclear markers (SNP's) were analyzed in individuals from artisanal fishing in different locations of the Colombian Caribbean coast. Mitochondrial analyzes displayed novel haplotypes (16S = H2, H3 and H4; COIII = H2–H7) and haplotypes shared with distant geographic areas (16S = H1 COIII = H1). The COIII gene did not show genetic differentiation between the analyzed localities, while the 16S gene showed significant differences between Santa Marta and Isla Fuerte. COIII's demographic analysis indicated that the species' effective population size has remained constant. Inferences were made from next‐generation genomic data with restriction site‐associated DNA (ddRAD‐seq) and 6769 polymorphic loci. The pairwise FST test indicated that there are low but significant differences between localities; however, the general molecular analysis of variance (AMOVA) and the principal coordinate analysis showed a lack of spatial structure in the populations analyzed. The Mantel test found no correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance, and the genetic structure analyses showed the presence of one genetic stock. The information obtained in this study indicates the genetic connectivity of O. insularis in the southwestern Caribbean, the absence of putative biogeographic barriers that affect its gene flow, and the crucial role played by life history strategies (planktonic paralarvae) and oceanographic factors to define the current distribution of its genetic diversity in this region.
By the people, for the people: Local government's representation of voter preferences under the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Perez Victoria , Ross Justin , Simon Kosali 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDecentralized government is hypothesized to lead public service investments to better align with political preferences across geographical regions, yet there has been limited rigorous testing of this hypothesis. We examine how local public provision of hospital services varied according to political preferences between 2006 and 2016. We use state Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) as a source of exogenous variation. Consistent with the motivation for federalism, we find that areas less supportive of the ACA tended to convert the state expansion into lower property taxes with lower public hospital expenditures, whereas, in states that expanded Medicaid, local governments tended to increase public provision of healthcare.
From trade‐off to synergy: microbial insights into enhancing plant growth and immunity
Authors: Ku Yee‐Shan , Liao Yi‐Jun , Chiou Shian‐Peng , Lam Hon‐Ming , Chan Ching 
Published: May 2024

SummaryThe reduction in crop yield caused by pathogens and pests presents a significant challenge to global food security. Genetic engineering, which aims to bolster plant defence mechanisms, emerges as a cost‐effective solution for disease control. However, this approach often incurs a growth penalty, known as the growth‐defence trade‐off. The precise molecular mechanisms governing this phenomenon are still not completely understood, but they generally fall under two main hypotheses: a “passive” redistribution of metabolic resources, or an “active” regulatory choice to optimize plant fitness. Despite the knowledge gaps, considerable practical endeavours are in the process of disentangling growth from defence. The plant microbiome, encompassing both above‐ and below‐ground components, plays a pivotal role in fostering plant growth and resilience to stresses. There is increasing evidence which indicates that plants maintain intimate associations with diverse, specifically selected microbial communities. Meta‐analyses have unveiled well‐coordinated, two‐way communications between plant shoots and roots, showcasing the capacity of plants to actively manage their microbiota for balancing growth with immunity, especially in response to pathogen incursions. This review centers on successes in making use of specific root‐associated microbes to mitigate the growth‐defence trade‐off, emphasizing pivotal advancements in unravelling the mechanisms behind plant growth and defence. These findings illuminate promising avenues for future research and practical applications.
Antibacterial activity of high surface area zinc oxide nanoparticles for controlling black rot disease of Chinese kale
Authors: Sripo‐ngam Supisara , Khaengraeng Choosak , Kasem Supot , Chatnaparat Tiyakhon 
Published: May 2024

AbstractZinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are inorganic compounds listed as “generally recognized as safe” (GRAS) materials and have been used in plant production as well as for plant disease control. This study investigated the antibacterial efficacy of ZnO NPs with various surface areas against Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, assessed the effectiveness of ZnO NPs in controlling black rot disease in Chinese kale, and examined the influence of ZnO NPs application on soil bacterial communities. The results showed that ZnO NPs with high surface area effectively inhibited X. campestris pv. campestris by restraining growth and causing cell damage. Seed treatment and foliar spray application of high surface area ZnO NPs at 250 μg/mL significantly reduced the disease severity of black rot. Furthermore, in the greenhouse experiment, the soil bacterial communities in the treatment of plants applied with ZnO NPs did not differ from those in soil of nontreated plants. Therefore, ZnO NPs have the potential to serve as an alternative substance for plant disease management.
Pathogenic variations in Colletotrichum spp. causing chilli anthracnose in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Noor Nuraini Mohd , Zakaria Latiffah 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn Peninsular Malaysia, Colletotrichum fioriniae, Colletotrichum fructicola, Colletotrichum scovillei, Colletotrichum siamense and Colletotrichum truncatum are the causative pathogens of chilli anthracnose. In the present study, the pathogenic variability and virulence levels of these five Colletotrichum spp. were evaluated. Isolates of C. fioriniae, C. fructicola, C. scovillei, C. siamense and C. truncatum were tested for pathogenicity using red and green Capsicum annuum and red and green Capsicum frutescens. Pathogenicity tests were conducted using spore suspensions and mycelial plugs on wounded and nonwounded chilli fruits. All isolates tested on the wounded chilli fruits caused anthracnose symptoms with variable disease severity and virulence. In nonwounded chilli fruits, only isolates of C. scovillei (n = 7) and C. truncatum (n = 5) caused infection. C. fioriniae, C. fructicola, C. scovillei, C. siamense and C. truncatum showed variability in pathogenicity and virulence levels in red and green chilli fruits of Ca. annuum and Ca. frutescens. Pathogenicity tests on wounded and nonwounded chilli fruits can be used to identify pathotypes within anthracnose pathogen populations. This is important for strategizing the effective disease management of chilli anthracnose.
Finding the Words: How Does the Aging Brain Process Language? A Focused Review of Brain Connectivity and Compensatory Pathways
Authors: Baciu Monica , Roger Elise 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs people age, there is a natural decline in cognitive functioning and brain structure. However, the relationship between brain function and cognition in older adults is neither straightforward nor uniform. Instead, it is complex, influenced by multiple factors, and can vary considerably from one person to another. Reserve, compensation, and maintenance mechanisms may help explain why some older adults can maintain high levels of performance while others struggle. These mechanisms are often studied concerning memory and executive functions that are particularly sensitive to the effects of aging. However, language abilities can also be affected by age, with changes in production fluency. The impact of brain changes on language abilities needs to be further investigated to understand the dynamics and patterns of aging, especially successful aging. We previously modeled several compensatory profiles of language production and lexical access/retrieval in aging within the Lexical Access and Retrieval in Aging (LARA) model. In the present paper, we propose an extended version of the LARA model, called LARA‐Connectivity (LARA‐C), incorporating recent evidence on brain connectivity. Finally, we discuss factors that may influence the strategies implemented with aging. The LARA‐C model can serve as a framework to understand individual performance and open avenues for possible personalized interventions.
Rectal volume is correlated with interfractional positional shifts of the prostate gland in dogs receiving radiation therapy
Authors: Nagata Koichi , Janik Emily A. , Gutti Jishnu Rao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVariability in prostate gland positioning during RT for prostate tumors is a recognized challenge in both human and veterinary oncology. This retrospective study investigates the interfractional variability in prostate gland positioning in relation to rectal and bladder volumes in dogs undergoing radiation therapy (RT) for prostate tumors. The study tracked 10 dogs undergoing five RT sessions from February 2016 to November 2021, delivering a total of 25 Gy each. Each dog underwent CT scans for treatment simulation, and cone‐beam CT (CBCT) images were acquired before each RT. The focus was to analyze the positional shifts of the prostate gland concerning the volumes of the rectum and urinary bladder. The pelvic bones were used as the point of reference. The rectal and bladder volumes were measured before each RT, and shifts in the prostate gland position were calculated by comparing coordinates from planning CT and treatment session images. Findings revealed significant correlations between prostate positional shifts in the dorsal‐ventral (repeated measures correlation coefficient of −0.58 [range 00.75–00.33]; P < .001) and cranial‐caudal directions (repeated measures correlation coefficient [95%CI] 0.56 [range 0.31–0.74]; P < .001) and rectal volume, while no significant relationship was observed with bladder volume. Shifts in the lateral direction were not correlated with either organ's volume. This study highlights the importance of considering rectal volume in canine prostate tumor RT to minimize positional uncertainties. Maintaining consistent rectal volume may enhance the precision of prostate targeting, potentially influencing the safety of RT.
Amenability of bounded automata groups on infinite alphabets
Authors: Reinke Bernhard 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe study the action of groups generated by bounded activity automata with infinite alphabets on their orbital Schreier graphs. We introduce an amenability criterion for such groups based on the recurrence of the first‐level action. This criterion is a natural extension of the result that all groups generated by bounded activity automata with finite alphabets are amenable. Our motivation comes from the investigation of iterated monodromy groups of entire transcendental functions in holomorphic dynamics.
Extending finite free actions of surfaces
Authors: Hidalgo Rubén A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe prove the existence of finite groups acting freely as orientation‐preserving homeomorphisms on closed orientable surfaces that extend as a group of homeomorphisms of some compact orientable 3‐manifold but that cannot extend to a handlebody. This solves a basic problem in low‐dimensional equivariant topology going back to the work of Reni and Zimmermann in the mid‐1990s.
Sharpening Littlewood subordination principle with univalent symbol
Authors: Dmitrović Dušica , Karapetrović Boban 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLet be a subharmonic function on the open unit disc , centered at the origin of the complex plane, and let be a holomorphic function such that . A classical result, known as Littlewood subordination principle, states , where and are integral means over the circle of radius centered at the origin, of the functions and , respectively. In this note, we obtain an unexpected improvement of Littlewood subordination principle in the case when the function is univalent, by proving that
where . We also list some applications of this result including an improved variant of Rogosinski theorem with univalent symbol.
How we perceive the width of grasped objects: Insights into the central processes that govern proprioceptive judgements
Authors: Héroux Martin E. , Fisher Georgia , Axelson Lovisa H. , Butler Annie A. , Gandevia Simon C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLow‐level proprioceptive judgements involve a single frame of reference, whereas high‐level proprioceptive judgements are made across different frames of reference. The present study systematically compared low‐level (graspgrasp) and high‐level (visiongrasp, graspvision) proprioceptive tasks, and quantified the consistency of graspvision and possible reciprocal nature of related high‐level proprioceptive tasks. Experiment 1 (n = 30) compared performance across visiongrasp, a graspvision and a graspgrasp tasks. Experiment 2 (n = 30) compared performance on the graspvision task between hands and over time. Participants were accurate (mean absolute error 0.27 cm [0.20 to 0.34]; mean [95% CI]) and precise ( = 0.95 [0.93 to 0.96]) for graspgrasp judgements, with a strong correlation between outcomes (r = −0.85 [−0.93 to −0.70]). Accuracy and precision decreased in the two high‐level tasks ( = 0.86 and 0.89; mean absolute error = 1.34 and 1.41 cm), with most participants overestimating perceived width for the visiongrasp task and underestimating it for graspvision task. There was minimal correlation between accuracy and precision for these two tasks. Converging evidence indicated performance was largely reciprocal (inverse) between the visiongrasp and graspvision tasks. Performance on the graspvision task was consistent between dominant and non‐dominant hands, and across repeated sessions a day or week apart. Overall, there are fundamental differences between low‐ and high‐level proprioceptive judgements that reflect fundamental differences in the cortical processes that underpin these perceptions. Moreover, the central transformations that govern high‐level proprioceptive judgements of grasp are personalised, stable and reciprocal for reciprocal tasks.
imageKey points
Low‐level proprioceptive judgements involve a single frame of reference (e.g. indicating the width of a grasped object by selecting from a series of objects of different width), whereas high‐level proprioceptive judgements are made across different frames of reference (e.g. indicating the width of a grasped object by selecting from a series of visible lines of different length).
We highlight fundamental differences in the precision and accuracy of low‐ and high‐level proprioceptive judgements.
We provide converging evidence that the neural transformations between frames of reference that govern high‐level proprioceptive judgements of grasp are personalised, stable and reciprocal for reciprocal tasks.
This stability is likely key to precise judgements and accurate predictions in high‐level proprioception.