bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GLAZING EFFECTS ON BREAD CRUST AND CRUMB STALING DURING STORAGE
Authors: CHIN N.L. , ABDULLAH R. , YUSOF Y.A. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTThe uses of cornstarch, egg white, skim milk and shortening as glazes on bread surfaces were investigated for its ability to reduce bread staling. Four concentrations of glazes were applied to sweet bun surfaces. Bread crumb and crust samples were measured for its firmness and moisture during storage. The rates of change in firmness and moisture contents of crumb and crust with storage time were analyzed by comparing with nonglazed breads as control. While both crumb and crust firmness and the crust moisture content increased with storage time, crumb moisture content decreased significantly (P < 0.05). The application of cornstarch, egg white and skim milk was found to be effective in reducing crumb firmness from 7.4 to 26.0% and retain some crumb moisture content (of about 1%) during the storage period of 6 days. This suggests that the storage properties of bread can be improved with the application of these glaze materials.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe use of glaze materials in baked products may provide more than an aesthetic function of creating appearance appeal. This research shows that glazing of breads reduces bread staling through its ability to retain crumb moisture and reduce crumb firming. This finding provides means of improving bread quality in terms of textural properties and its shelf life by means of processing and with no alter in ingredients' formulation.
EFFECT OF REPLACEMENT OF WHEAT FLOUR WITH FINGER MILLET FLOUR (ELEUSINE CORCANA) ON THE BATTER MICROSCOPY, RHEOLOGY AND QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF MUFFINS
Authors: RAJIV JYOTSNA , SOUMYA C. , INDRANI D. , VENKATESWARA RAO G. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTEffect of replacement of wheat flour with 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% finger millet flour (FMF), 60% FMF, emulsifiers and hydrocolloids on the batter microscopy, rheology and quality characteristics of muffins were studied. The amylograph peak viscosity, breakdown and setback values decreased as the level of FMF increased. The muffin batter microscopy showed that addition of above 60% FMF in blend decreased the number of air cells, indicating poor air incorporation. With the increase in the FMF level from 0 to 100%, the muffin batter density, viscosity, volume and total score decreased, whereas crumb firmness increased. Adverse effect on the quality characteristics of cake was observed above 60% FMF. Use of a combination of polysorbate‐60 and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose significantly improved batter characteristics of muffins with 60% FMF, with respect to viscosity, overall quality of muffin with reference to volume, grain and texture.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSMuffins are normally made with wheat flour, and it is a very popular snack item largely consumed by children. Incorporation of finger millet flour, which is a good source of minerals, increases the nutritive value of muffins and also it is a value addition to the finger millet. The finger millet muffins have a familiar taste as it is widely consumed. This paper discusses the effect of replacement finger millet flour in muffins and the improving effect brought about by the use of additives. This information would benefit the baking industry.
Late Night Activity regarding Stroke Codes: Lunar Strokes
Authors: Tafreshi Gilda , Raman Rema , Ernstrom Karin , Rapp Karen , Meyer Brett C. 
Published: June 2011

Background There is diurnal variation for cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death. Stroke may show a similar pattern. We assessed whether strokes presenting during a particular time of day or night are more likely of vascular etiology. Aim To compare emergency department stroke codes arriving between 22:00 and 8:00 hours (LuNAR strokes) vs. others (n-LuNAR strokes). The purpose was to determine if late night strokes are more likely to be true strokes or warrant acute tissue plasminogen activator evaluations. Methods We reviewed prospectively collected cases in the University of California, San Diego Stroke Team database gathered over a four-year period. Stroke codes at six emergency departments were classified based on arrival time. Those arriving between 22:00 and 8:00 hours were classified as LuNAR stroke codes, the remainder were classified as ‘n-LuNAR’. Patients were further classified as intracerebral hemorrhage, acute ischemic stroke not receiving tissue plasminogen activator, acute ischemic stroke receiving tissue plasminogen activator, transient ischemic attack, and non-stroke. Categorical outcomes were compared using Fisher's Exact test. Continuous outcomes were compared using Wilcoxon's Rank-sum test. Results A total of 1607 patients were included in our study, of which, 299 (19%) were LuNAR code strokes. The overall median NIHSS was five, higher in the LuNAR group (n-LuNAR 5, LuNAR 7; P = 0.022). There was no overall differences in patient diagnoses between LuNAR and n-LuNAR strokes ( P = 0.169) or diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke receiving tissue plasminogen activator (n-LuNAR 191 (14.6%), LuNAR 42 (14.0%); P = 0.86). Mean arrival to computed tomography scan time was longer during LuNAR hours (n-LuNAR 54.9±76.3 min, LuNAR 62.5±87.7 min; P = 0.027). There was no significant difference in 90-day mortality (n-LuNAR 15.0%, LuNAR 13.2%; P = 0.45). Conclusions Our stroke center experience showed no difference in diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke between day and night stroke codes. This similarity was further supported in similar rates of tissue plasminogen activator administration. Late night strokes may warrant a more rapid stroke specialist evaluation due to the longer time elapsed from symptom onset and the longer time to computed tomography scan.
Transferring from an acute hospital and settling into a subacute facility: the experience of patients with dementia
Authors: Digby Robin , Moss Cheryle , Bloomer Melissa 
Published: June 2011

digby R., moss c. & bloomer m. (2012) Transferring from an acute hospital and settling into a subacute facility: the experience of patients with dementia. International Journal of Older People Nursing7, 57–64  doi: 10.1111/j.1748‐3743.2011.00282.xBackground.  In a Melbourne metropolitan health network, patients with dementia can have difficulty settling into a subacute rehabilitation facility after transfer from the acute hospital.Aims and objectives.  To understand how older patients with mild to moderate dementia experienced the transfer from acute to subacute care and settling‐in period.Design.  A descriptive design was used. Eight patients with mild to moderate dementia were recruited, one to 5 days after transfer.Method.  A qualitative method using in‐depth interviews was used. The data were analysed using content analysis.Results.  Four main themes were identified: ‘Settling into a new environment’, ‘staff attitudes to people with dementia’, ‘loss of control’ and ‘family support’.Conclusions.  Person‐centred care that comes from the perspective of respect for the individual transcends all these issues. People with dementia require more support to settle after transfer. Family involvement can assist in facilitating a smooth transition.Implications for practice.  Nurses who understand the specific needs of patients with dementia can develop ways of working with patients to ensure person‐centred care. More conversations with people with dementia are needed to investigate how this can be achieved. Orientation procedures should ensure that support for people with dementia is optimized during the settling‐in phase.
Dance performance as a method of intervention as experienced by older persons with dementia
Authors: Ravelin Teija , Isola Arja , Kylmä Jari 
Published: June 2011

Background.  Previous studies have shown that dance can bring out the strength and resources of persons with dementia.Purpose.  To describe for later evaluation how older persons with dementia experience dance performances in a nursing home.Design.  Four dance performances, based on the recollections the older persons had of different seasons, were arranged in one nursing home.Methods.  Qualitative descriptive study, with 13 older persons with dementia, four family members, seven nurses and three practical nurse students. Data were collected and analysed using methodological triangulation.Results.  Older persons identified dance performance activity as a process. They had a positive attitude towards the dance performance and performers, and they had experiences of different elements of the dance performance. The older persons forgot their ailments during the performances, and the performances evoked various emotions and awoke memories. Some of them had negative experiences of dancing and dance performances. The older persons experienced a common bond with other spectators.Conclusion.  Watching a dance performance is an active process for older persons with dementia.Implications for practice.  Reminiscence about the dance performance gives the older person an opportunity to deal with the experiences evoked by the performance.
Widespread Tau and Amyloid‐Beta Pathology Many Years After a Single Traumatic Brain Injury in Humans
Authors: Johnson Victoria E. , Stewart William , Smith Douglas H. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWhile a history of a single traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with the later development of syndromes of cognitive impairment such as Alzheimer's disease, the long‐term pathology evolving after single TBI is poorly understood. However, a progressive tauopathy, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, is described in selected cohorts with a history of repetitive concussive/mild head injury. Here, post‐mortem brains from long‐term survivors of just a single TBI (1–47 years survival; n = 39) vs. uninjured, age‐matched controls (n = 47) were examined for neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and amyloid‐β (Aβ) plaques using immunohistochemistry and thioflavine‐S staining. Detailed maps of findings permitted classification of pathology using semiquantitative scoring systems. NFTs were exceptionally rare in young, uninjured controls, yet were abundant and widely distributed in approximately one‐third of TBI cases. In addition, Aβ‐plaques were found in a greater density following TBI vs. controls. Moreover, thioflavine‐S staining revealed that while all plaque‐positive control cases displayed predominantly diffuse plaques, 64% of plaque‐positive TBI cases displayed predominantly thioflavine‐S‐positive plaques or a mixed thioflavine‐S‐positive/diffuse pattern. These data demonstrate that widespread NFT and Aβ plaque pathologies are present in up to a third of patients following survival of a year or more from a single TBI. This suggests that a single TBI induces long‐term neuropathological changes akin to those found in neurodegenerative disease.
Central Hemodynamics and Cardiovascular Risk in Nondippers
Authors: Coleman Cameron T. , Stowasser Michael , Jenkins Carly , Marwick Thomas H. , Sharman James E. 
Published: June 2011

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2011;13:557–562. ©2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Failure of blood pressure (BP) to decline appropriately overnight (nondipping) is associated with increased risk. This may be due to inappropriately raised supine central BP and this study’s first aim was to examine this hypothesis. Secondly, aortic stiffness, central hemodynamics, and left ventricular (LV) mass were measured as other possible mechanisms of higher risk. Brachial and central BP (supine and seated), aortic stiffness, central hemodynamics, and LV dimensions were measured in 95 patients with hypertension (mean age 62±8 standard deviation). Central hemodynamics were recorded by combined radial tonometry and 3‐dimensional echocardiography. Seated brachial and central systolic BP (SBP) were similar between dippers (n=52) and nondippers (n=43). However, nondippers had higher supine brachial (132±14 mm Hg vs 126±11 mm Hg; P=.029) and central (121±15 mm Hg vs 115±11 mm Hg; P=.024) SBP. Aortic stiffness was not different between groups (P=.76), but LV mass index (33.0±6.2 vs 29.4±7.2 g/m2.7; P=.019), stroke volume index (30.2±6.2 mL/m2 vs 27.4±6.0 mL/m2; P=.040), and LV stroke work (3246±815 mm Hg/mL/m2 vs 2778±615 mm Hg/mL/m2; P=.005) were all higher in nondippers. Dipper status independently predicted LV mass index (β=3.61; P=.001). Nondippers have higher supine brachial and central SBP, significantly different central hemodynamics, and elevated LV mass index compared with dippers. These cardiovascular anomalies possibly contribute to increased mortality risk.
A comparison of created and ancient fenland using ground beetles as a measure of conservation value
Authors: MARTAY BLAISE , HUGHES FRANCINE , DOBERSKI JULIAN 
Published: June 2011

Abstract. 1. Ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) were used to assess the conservation value of created and undrained fenland on Wicken Fen, UK. We investigated whether the number of years since agricultural use affected the numbers of Nationally Scarce and wetland ground beetles on created fens. We also compared the created wetland with ancient undrained fenland.2. Common wetland ground beetles increased with time since agricultural use. However, Nationally Scarce ground beetles did not increase over time. All areas of created wetland had fewer Nationally Scarce and common wetland ground beetles than undrained fenland except for the area not used for agriculture for 60 years. This area had fewer Nationally Scarce ground beetles than undrained fenland but not significantly fewer common wetland ground beetles.3. The proportion of wetland ground beetles with high dispersal abilities did not vary in relation to time since agricultural use or distance from the nearest drainage ditch, indicating that dispersal did not limit colonisation. Therefore, proximity between the created wetland and established fenlands was not essential for wetland species to colonise the new habitat.4. The ground beetle assemblage was influenced by soil moisture, cover of grasses and vegetation density. Of these variables, high soil moisture and low vegetation density increased the abundance of Nationally Scarce and common wetland ground beetles. High vegetation density was more detrimental to Nationally Scarce ground beetles than to common wetland beetles. Decreasing the vegetation density by increasing the grazing intensity on created wetland may increase the abundance of Nationally Scarce ground beetles.
The Littorina sequence database (LSD) – an online resource for genomic data
Authors: CANBÄCK BJÖRN , ANDRÉ CARL , GALINDO JUAN , JOHANNESSON KERSTIN , JOHANSSON TOMAS , PANOVA MARINA , TUNLID ANDERS , BUTLIN ROGER 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe present an interactive, searchable expressed sequence tag database for the periwinkle snail Littorina saxatilis, an upcoming model species in evolutionary biology. The database is the result of a hybrid assembly between Sanger and 454 sequences, 1290 and 147 491 sequences respectively. Normalized and non‐normalized cDNA was obtained from different ecotypes of L. saxatilis collected in the UK and Sweden. The Littorina sequence database (LSD) contains 26 537 different contigs, of which 2453 showed similarity with annotated proteins in UniProt. Querying the LSD permits the selection of the taxonomic origin of blast hits for each contig, and the search can be restricted to particular taxonomic groups. The database allows access to UniProt annotations, blast output, protein family domains (PFAM) and Gene Ontology. The database will allow users to search for genetic markers and identifying candidate genes or genes for expression analyses. It is open for additional deposition of sequence information for L. saxatilis and other species of the genus Littorina. The LSD is available at http://mbio‐serv2.mbioekol.lu.se/Littorina/.
optiFLP: software for automated optimization of amplified fragment length polymorphism scoring parameters
Authors: ARTHOFER W. , SCHLICK‐STEINER B. C. , STEINER F. M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAmplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), a widely used method for DNA fingerprinting, has shifted from polyacrylamide gel to capillary electrophoresis over the last years. Currently, most AFLP data are generated in a computer‐readable format, and several programs are available that automatically score raw data into binary profiles. Good scoring parameters are the key to good AFLP profiles. optiFLP is the first open source program for automatic optimization of AFLP scoring parameters. It searches parameter space to maximize the contrast among groups of AFLP profiles, with the allocation of profiles to groups in either a supervised or an unsupervised mode. The software produces output files ready for use in a range of downstream applications.
Constitutive activation of the ETS‐1‐miR‐222 circuitry in metastatic melanoma
Authors: Mattia Gianfranco , Errico M. Cristina , Felicetti Federica , Petrini Marina , Bottero Lisabianca , Tomasello Luisa , Romania Paolo , Boe Alessandra , Segnalini Patrizia , Di Virgilio Antonio , Colombo Mario P. , Carè Alessandra 
Published: June 2011

SummaryMicroRNAs‐221 and ‐222 are highly upregulated in several solid tumors, including melanomas. We demonstrate that the proto‐oncogene ETS‐1, involved in the pathogenesis of cancers of different origin, is a transcriptional regulator of miR‐222 by direct binding to its promoter region. Differently from 293FT cells or early stage melanomas, where unphosphorylated ETS‐1 represses miR‐222 transcription, in metastatic melanoma the constitutively Thr‐38 phosphorylated fraction of ETS‐1 induces miR‐222. Despite its stepwise decreased expression along with melanoma progression, the oncogenic activity of ETS‐1 relies on its RAS/RAF/ERK‐dependent phosphorylation status more than on its total amount. To close the loop, we demonstrate ETS‐1 as a direct target of miR‐222, but not miR‐221, showing the novel option of their uncoupled functions. In addition, a spatial redistribution of ETS‐1 protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is also evidenced in advanced melanoma cells. Finally, in vivo studies confirmed the contribution of miR‐222 to the increased invasive potential obtained by ETS‐ silencing.
Prevalence of Coxiella Burnetii in Ticks After a Large Outbreak of Q Fever
Authors: Sprong H. , Tijsse‐Klasen E. , Langelaar M. , De Bruin A. , Fonville M. , Gassner F. , Takken W. , Van Wieren S. , Nijhof A. , Jongejan F. , Maassen C. B. M. , Scholte E.‐J. , Hovius J. W. , Emil Hovius K. , Špitalská E. , Van Duynhoven Y. T. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryQ fever has emerged as an important human and veterinary public health problem in the Netherlands with major outbreaks in three consecutive years. Goat farms are probably the prime source from which Coxiella burnetii have spread throughout the environment, infecting people living in the vicinity. Coxiella burnetii infection not only spilled over from animal husbandry to humans but could also have spread to neighbouring wildlife and pets forming novel reservoirs and consequently posing another and lingering threat to humans, companion animals and livestock. In these cases, transmission routes other than airborne spread of contaminated aerosols may become significant. Therefore, the role of ticks in the transmission of Coxiella burnetii in the current situation was investigated. A total of 1891 questing Ixodes ricinus ticks and 1086 ticks feeding on pets, wildlife and livestock were tested by a recently developed multiplex Q‐PCR. All ticks were negative, except for a few ticks feeding on a herd of recently vaccinated sheep. Coxiella‐positive ticks were not detected after resampling this particular herd three months later. Based on these data we conclude that the current risk of acquiring Q fever from questing ticks in the Netherlands is negligible. However, for future risk assessments, it might be relevant to sample more ticks in the vicinity of previously C. burnetii infected goat farms and to assess whether C. burnetii can be transmitted transovarially and transstadially in I. ricinus ticks.
The Prevalence of Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonization in Feedlot Cattle
Authors: Weese J. S. , Hannon S. J. , Booker C. W. , Gow S. , Avery B. P. , Reid‐Smith R. J. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryMethicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important human pathogen and recent evidence has implicated food animals in the epidemiology of human infections in some regions. While the role of food in MRSA transmission and human health relevance are unclear, MRSA can be found in retail meat products internationally, including beef, yet there has been minimal investigation of MRSA in beef cattle. This study involved screening feedlot cattle for nasal and gastrointestinal colonization with MRSA shortly before the time of slaughter. Methicillin‐resistant S. aureus was not isolated from any of 491 nasal swabs and 488 faecal samples. This finding is in contrast to studies that have isolated MRSA from retail beef in Canada, performed in the same laboratory using comparable culture techniques. The reason for this discrepancy is unclear but it demonstrates that further study of MRSA in livestock as well as slaughter, processing and retail environments is needed to elucidate the epidemiology of MRSA contamination of meat.
Aerobic exercise improves insulin resistance and decreases body fat and serum levels of leptin in patients with hepatitis C virus
Authors: Konishi Ichiro , Hiasa Yoichi , Tokumoto Yoshio , Abe Masanori , Furukawa Shinya , Toshimitsu Kumiko , Matsuura Bunzo , Onji Morikazu 
Published: June 2011

Aim:  Hepatitis C virus infection often complicates glucose intolerance, which can be caused by insulin resistance. Aerobic exercise can improve insulin resistance and decrease body fat in patients with diabetes. The aim of the present study is to clarify whether aerobic exercise improves insulin resistance and decreases body fat in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CH‐C).Methods:  Seventeen patients with CH‐C received nutrition education at entry and every two months thereafter. The following were evaluated before and after 6 months of walking at least 8000 steps/day monitored using a pedometer that started 2 months after entry: body composition, fat and muscle weight, visceral and subcutaneous fat areas (VFA and SFA, respectively), liver function tests, the Homeostatic Model of Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA‐IR), serum tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)‐6, adiponectin, leptin and the Short Form‐36.Results:  Fifteen of the 17 patients completed the study protocol. Bodyweight, body mass index, fat weight, VFA, SFA, alanine aminotransferase level and HOMA‐IR were significantly decreased at the end of the study (P = 0.004, =0.004, =0.008, =0.041, =0.001, =0.023 and =0.002, respectively). Serum levels of TNF‐α, IL‐6 and adiponectin did not change, whereas those of leptin significantly decreased (P = 0.002).Conclusion:  Patients with CH‐C could safely walk as aerobic exercise. Furthermore, walking improved insulin resistance and decreased body fat while lowering serum levels of leptin.