bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A conserved segmental duplication within ELA
Authors: Brinkmeyer‐Langford C. L. , Murphy W. J. , Childers C. P. , Skow L. C. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryThe assembled genomic sequence of the horse major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (equine lymphocyte antigen, ELA) is very similar to the homologous human HLA, with the notable exception of a large segmental duplication at the boundary of ELA class I and class III that is absent in HLA. The segmental duplication consists of a ∼710 kb region of at least 11 repeated blocks: 10 blocks each contain an MHC class I‐like sequence and the helicase domain portion of a BAT1‐like sequence, and the remaining unit contains the full‐length BAT1 gene. Similar genomic features were found in other Perissodactyls, indicating an ancient origin, which is consistent with phylogenetic analyses. Reverse‐transcriptase PCR (RT‐PCR) of mRNA from peripheral white blood cells of healthy and chronically or acutely infected horses detected transcription from predicted open reading frames in several of the duplicated blocks. This duplication is not present in the sequenced MHCs of most other mammals, although a similar feature at the same relative position is present in the feline MHC (FLA). Striking sequence conservation throughout Perissodactyl evolution is consistent with a functional role for at least some of the genes included within this segmental duplication.
The marriage of evidence and narrative: scientific nurturance within clinical practice
Authors: Silva Suzana Alves , Charon Rita , Wyer Peter C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractRationale, aims and objectives Published elaborations of evidence‐based medicine (EBM) have failed to materially integrate the domains of interpersonal sensibility and relationship with tools intended to facilitate attention to biomedical research and knowledge within clinical practice. Furthermore, the elaboration of EBM skills has been confined to a narrow range of clinical research. As a result, crucial tools required to connect much clinically relevant research and practice remain hidden, and explorations of the deeper challenges faced by practitioners in their struggle to integrate sound science and shared clinical action remain elusive.Methods We developed a model for scientifically informed, individualized, medical practice and learning that embraces the goals, resources and skills of EBM within a larger framework of practice defined by narrative process: ‘attention’, ‘representation’ and ‘affiliation’. We drew from published elaborations of EBM, narrative medicine (NM) and the results of a project to develop tools for assessment of the cognitive skills embedded within a practice based EBM domain.Results Within the resulting model, a tool of representation, whose components are Problem delineation, Actions, Choices and Targets, enables the clinical problem to be delineated and the patient and practitioner perspectives to be concretely defined with reference to four classes of clinical interaction: ‘therapy’, ‘diagnosis’, ‘prognosis’ and ‘harm’. As a result, the ‘information literacy’ skills required to access, evaluate and apply clinical research using electronic resources are well defined but subordinated to shared appreciation of patient need. The model acknowledges the relevance of the full range and scope of scientifically derived medical knowledge.Conclusion A model based on integration of NM and EBM can lead to instructional tools that integrate clinical epidemiological knowledge with enforced consideration of differing patient and practitioner perspectives. It also may inform avenues for qualitative research into the processes through which such differing perspectives can be productively identified and shared.
Review: Molecular genetics and pathology of hereditary small vessel diseases of the brain
Authors: Yamamoto Y. , Craggs L. , Baumann M. , Kalimo H. , Kalaria R. N. 
Published: November 2010

Y. Yamamoto, L. Craggs, M. Baumann, H. Kalimo and R. N. Kalaria (2011) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology37, 94–113 Molecular genetics and pathology of hereditary small vessel diseases of the brainAdvances in molecular genetics have enabled identification of several monogenic conditions involving small vessels predisposing to ischaemic and haemorrhagic strokes and diffuse white matter disease. With emphasis on cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), we review the molecular pathogenesis of recently characterized disorders including cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CARASIL), retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukodystrophy (RVCL) and the Collagen type IV, alpha 1 (COL4A1)‐related disorders. CADASIL remains the most common hereditary small vessel disease (SVD) caused by >190 different mutations in the NOTCH3 gene, which encodes a cell‐signalling receptor. Mutant NOTCH3 instigates degeneration of vascular smooth muscle cells in small arteries and arterioles leading to recurrent lacunar infarcts. Mutations in the serine protease HTRA1 gene are associated with CARASIL. Aberrant HTRA1 activity results in increased transforming growth factor‐β signalling provoking multiple actions including vascular fibrosis and extracellular matrix synthesis. The RVCL disorders characterized by profound retinopathy are associated with mutations in TREX1, which encodes an abundant 3′–5′ DNA‐specific exonuclease. TREX1 mutations lead to detrimental gain‐of‐function or insufficient quantities of enzyme. The COL4A1‐related disorders are highly variable comprising four major phenotypes with overlapping systemic and central nervous system features including SVD with cerebral haemorrhages in children and adults. Mutant COL4A1 likely disrupts the extracellular matrix resulting in fragile vessel walls. The hereditary SVDs albeit with variable phenotypes demonstrate how effects of different defective genes converge to produce the characteristic arteriopathy and microvascular disintegration leading to vascular cognitive impairment.
Cold stress contributes to aberrant cytokinesis during male meiosis I in a wheat thermosensitive genic male sterile line
Authors: TANG ZONGHUI , ZHANG LIPING , YANG DI , ZHAO CHANGPING , ZHENG YONGLIAN 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThe male sterility of a wheat thermosensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) line is strictly controlled by temperature. When the TGMS line BS366 was exposed to 10 °C from the pollen mother cell stage to the meiosis stage, a few pollen grains were formed and devoid of starch. We report here a large‐scale transcriptomic study using the Affymetrix wheat GeneChip to follow gene expression in BS366 line anthers in response to cold stress. Notably, many cytoskeletal signaling components were gradually induced in response to cold stress in BS366 line anthers. However, the cytoskeleton‐associated genes that play key roles in the dynamic organization of the cytoskeleton were dramatically repressed. Histological studies revealed that the separation of dyads occurred abnormally during male meiosis I, indicating defective male meiotic cytokinesis. Fluorescence labelling and subcellular histological observations revealed that the phragmoplast was defectively formed and the cell plate was abnormally assembled during meiosis I under cold stress. Based on the transcriptomic analysis and observations of characterized histological changes, our results suggest that cold stress repressed transcription of cytoskeleton dynamic factors and subsequently caused the defective cytokinesis during meiosis I. The results may explain the male sterility caused by low temperature in wheat TGMS lines.
Dual Δ13C/δ18O response to water and nitrogen availability and its relationship with yield in field‐grown durum wheat
Authors: CABRERA‐BOSQUET LLORENÇ , ALBRIZIO ROSSELLA , NOGUÉS SALVADOR , ARAUS JOSÉ LUIS 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThe combined use of stable carbon and oxygen isotopes in plant matter is a tool of growing interest in cereal crop management and breeding, owing to its relevance for assessing the photosynthetic and transpirative performance under different growing conditions including water and N regimes. However, this method has not been applied to wheat grown under real field conditions. Here, plant growth, grain yield (GY) and the associated agronomic components, carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C) plus oxygen isotope composition (δ18O) as well as leaf and canopy gas exchange were measured in field‐grown wheat subjected to different water and N availabilities. Water limitation was the main factor affecting yield, leaf and canopy gas exchange and Δ13C and δ18O, whereas N had a smaller effect on such traits. The combination of Δ13C and δ18O gave a clear advantage compared with gas exchange measurements, as it provides information on the instantaneous and the long‐term plant photosynthetic and transpirative performance and are less labour intensive than gas exchange measurements. In addition, the combination of plant Δ13C and δ18O predicted differences in GY and related agronomical parameters, providing agronomists and breeders with integrative traits for selecting crop management practices and/or genotypes with better performance under water‐limiting and N‐limiting conditions.
Protein trafficking to the cell wall occurs through mechanisms distinguishable from default sorting in tobacco
Authors: De Caroli Monica , Lenucci Marcello S. , Di Sansebastiano Gian‐Pietro , Dalessandro Giuseppe , De Lorenzo Giulia , Piro Gabriella 
Published: November 2010

SummaryThe secretory pathway in plants involves sustained traffic to the cell wall, as matrix components, polysaccharides and proteins reach the cell wall through the endomembrane system. We studied the secretion pattern of cell‐wall proteins in tobacco protoplasts and leaf epidermal cells using fluorescent forms of a pectin methylesterase inhibitor protein (PMEI1) and a polygalacturonase inhibitor protein (PGIP2). The two most representative protein fusions, secGFP–PMEI1 and PGIP2–GFP, reached the cell wall by passing through ER and Golgi stacks but using distinct mechanisms. secGFP–PMEI1 was linked to a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor and stably accumulated in the cell wall, regulating the activity of the endogenous pectin methylesterases (PMEs) that are constitutively present in this compartment. A mannosamine‐induced non‐GPI‐anchored form of PMEI1 as well as a form (PMEI1–GFP) that was unable to bind membranes failed to reach the cell wall, and accumulated in the Golgi stacks. In contrast, PGIP2–GFP moved as a soluble cargo protein along the secretory pathway, but was not stably retained in the cell wall, due to internalization to an endosomal compartment and eventually the vacuole. Stable localization of PGIP2 in the wall was observed only in the presence of a specific fungal endopolygalacturonase ligand in the cell wall. Both secGFP–PMEI1 and PGIP2–GFP sorting were distinguishable from that of a secreted GFP, suggesting that rigorous and more complex controls than the simple mechanism of bulk flow are the basis of cell‐wall growth and differentiation.
Packed red blood cell age does not impact adverse events or outcomes after subarachnoid haemorrhage
Authors: Naidech A. M. , Liebling S. M. , Duran I. M. , Ault M. L. 
Published: November 2010

Objectives: To determine if the age of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) is associated with adverse events or outcomes in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Aim: Analyse data on PRBC age to complications and outcomes in patients with SAH. Background: Patients who receive a PRBC transfusion after SAH have a higher rate of complications, and older PRBC age may be responsible for this. Methods/Materials: We prospectively recorded clinical and demographic data, acute adverse effects related to transfusion, major hospital events, radiographic cerebral infarction, PRBC age and outcomes in 119 patients with SAH who received a PRBC transfusion. Patients were followed for outcomes at 14 days or discharge, 28 days and 3 months with the modified Rankin scale (a measure of neurologic function). Results: In 241 PRBC transfusions, there was new fever in 36 (15%), hypotension in 23 (10%), pulmonary oedema or symptomatic respiratory distress in 5 (2%) and rash in 1 (1%). Age of PRBCs administered was not associated with vasospasm, cerebral infarction, acute adverse events or outcomes (P > 0·1 for all). Conclusions: In this small registry of patients with SAH, the age of transfused PRBCs was not associated with adverse events or outcomes.
Methoprene treatment reduces the pre‐copulatory period in Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) sterile males
Authors: Segura D. F. , Utgés M. E. , Liendo M. C. , Rodríguez M. F. , Devescovi F. , Vera M. T. , Teal P. E. A. , Cladera J. L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAnastrepha fraterculus is a major fruit pest in South America. Ongoing studies support the implementation of the sterile insect technique (SIT) against this pest. Sexual readiness of sterile males is a key point for SIT application. The pre‐copulatory period of A. fraterculus males has not been reported before, but it is expected to last several days. An acceleration of sexual maturation was achieved in other Anastrepha species after topical applications of juvenile hormone analogues, like methoprene. Here, we studied the effect of methoprene on male sexual maturation, mating duration and sperm transfer in A. fraterculus as well as the impact of acetone (methoprene solvent) on survival. We also explored a method to deliver methoprene massively. Pheromone‐calling and mating ability were evaluated daily from adult emergence, and used as indicators of sexual maturity. Anastrepha fraterculus males showed a long pre‐copulatory period (7 days approximately), as other Anastrepha species. This process was accelerated after methoprene treatment (2.5 μg/μl), both in non‐irradiated and irradiated males which matured 2–3 days earlier. Mating duration for methoprene‐treated males was longer than for mature untreated males, however, no differences in sperm transfer were detected. Survival was not affected by acetone. Dipping pupae in methoprene allowed emerging males to mature as fast as those receiving topical application as adults. Dipping of pupae is a promising method to deliver massively methoprene and should be further investigated.
Isolation of five new monosomic alien addition lines of Gossypium australe F. Muell in G. hirsutum L. by SSR and GISH analyses
Authors: Sarr D. , Lacape J‐M. , Rodier‐Goud M. , Jacquemin J‐M. , Benbouza H. , Toussaint A. , Palm R. , Ahoton L. , Baudoin J‐P. , Mergeai G. 
Published: November 2010

With 2 figures and 3 tables Abstract Gossypium australe F. Muell (2n = 2x = 26) is a wild perennial species possessing agronomic useful traits that would be interesting to introgress into G. hirsutum L. (2n = 4x = 52), the main cultivated cotton species. To isolate monosomic alien addition lines (MAALs) of G. australe in G. hirsutum, the [2(G. hirsutum × G. australe) × G. hirsutum] pentaploid (2n = 5x = 65) was backcrossed as male parent to G. hirsutum. Analysis of 42 BC1 plants and seven alien addition lines, already available, with 150 SSR markers developed from G. hirsutum revealed a cross‐species amplification rate of 100% and a polymorphism rate of 56%. Eighty polymorphic SSR markers generated 87 G. australe‐specific loci that have been assigned by a hierarchical cluster analysis to 13 linkage groups corresponding to the 13 chromosomes of G. australe. Analysis by SSR markers and genomic in situ hybridization of the self‐progeny of disomic alien addition lines, backcross progeny of the pentaploid, allowed the isolation of five new MAALs.
Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Depression Coping Self‐efficacy Scale
Authors: Albal Esra , Kutlu Yasemin , Bilgin Hulya 
Published: November 2010

AbstractReliable and valid instruments are needed to assess and deal with the problems that are encountered by depressed patients in psychiatric nursing practice. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Depression Coping Self‐efficacy Scale. A descriptive and correlation design was used to determine the psychometric properties of the Scale. The study population was 105 depressed inpatients from acute psychiatry services. The study confirmed that the Scale is reliable and valid for assessing depression coping self‐efficacy of depressed patients in acute psychiatric wards in Turkey.
Why Thai parents do not discuss sex with their children: a qualitative study
Authors: Sridawruang Chaweewan , Pfeil Michael , Crozier Kenda 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis qualitative article explores the attitudes of Thai adolescents and parents concerning the barriers that prevent parents providing sex education to their adolescent children. Focus groups were conducted with 30 parents and 36 adolescents in rural north‐eastern Thailand and were analyzed by using thematic analysis. The results showed that most Thai parents have not taught their children about sex education issues. Five themes emerged in relation to the limitations in providing sex education in Thai families. These were: restrictions imposed by traditional Thai culture; sex education is not a parental duty; parental limitations; the generation gap; and better not bring it up. We conclude that the core values in Thai society restrict the discussion of sex, resulting in youth missing the opportunity to acquire the knowledge that is needed about sexual issues from their family. This article provides evidence of how parents' knowledge and perceptions are linked to their ability and willingness to discuss sexual matters with their teenagers. Therefore, future sex education policies could be greatly enhanced by empowering parents to take part in the sex education of their teenage children.
Self‐efficacy in Infant Care Scale: Revision and further psychometric testing
Authors: Prasopkittikun Tassanee , Tilokskulchai Fongcum 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMaternal self‐efficacy is an important factor in parenting behaviors and skills. In order to assess maternal self‐efficacy in infant care, a solid measure is needed. The integrity of the assessment of self‐efficacy in infant care depends upon whether or not an instrument possesses proper measurement properties. The purpose of this study was to revise the scale items and examine the further psychometric properties of the Self‐efficacy in Infant Care Scale. Using a sample of 235 Thai mothers, the revised Scale, with 44 items, was found to have internal consistency and test‐retest reliability values of 0.96 and 0.93, respectively. A confirmatory factor analysis supported the hypothesized structure. Also, the revised Scale was found to be correlated with a measure of a theoretically related construct; that is, the Parenting Stress Index/Short Form. The psychometric testing results suggest that the revised Scale can be used as an assessment tool for both research and clinical purposes.
Effectiveness of Chronic Disease Self‐management Program in Japan: Preliminary report of a longitudinal study
Authors: Yukawa Keiko , Yamazaki Yoshihiko , Yonekura Yuki , Togari Taisuke , Abbott Fusae K. , Homma Mieko , Park Minjeong , Kagawa Yumi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis is the preliminary report of a study to evaluate the effectiveness of the Chronic Disease Self‐management Program in Japan by comparing changes in health outcomes at the baseline and 3‐month and 6‐month follow‐ups. The program is a patient‐centered educational program for the self‐management of chronic conditions. The study's participants were recruited from among the attendees of the program workshops. During the study period (August 2006 to May 2007), 18 workshops were held and 128 attendees agreed to participate in the study. The health outcomes that were measured included health status, self‐management behaviors, utilization of health services, self‐efficacy, satisfaction with daily living, and clinical indicators. These indicators were further analyzed by disease type: diabetes, rheumatic disease, and cardiovascular disease/dyslipidemia. The findings indicated statistically significant positive changes in health distress, coping with symptoms, stretching exercises, communication with the physician, and satisfaction with daily living. The positive changes were especially remarkable among the groups with diabetes and rheumatic disease. These findings suggest that the Chronic Disease Self‐management Program can be effective for Japanese people with chronic conditions.
Open repair of the acutely torn Achilles tendon under local anaesthetic
Authors: Macquet Adrian Jules , Christensen Rosie Jane , Debenham Matthew , Wyatt Michael , Panting Allan Leslie 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground:  Where surgery has been preferred, the torn Achilles tendon (AT) has most commonly been repaired under general or spinal anaesthetic (GA). Repair using local anaesthetic (LA) has been reported, but does not appear to be widely used.Methods:  We retrospectively reviewed 87 patients, following open repair using either GA or LA at Nelson Hospital, 2001–2005. Calf strength and ankle range of motion (ROM) were assessed. Subjective pain and function were assessed using the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Foot and Ankle Questionnaire. Complications, time off work and sport, time in theatre, and hospital were recorded.Results:  Fifty‐nine tendons were repaired under GA (68%) and 28 under LA (32%). Outcomes were similar for each group. There was no significant difference in strength and ROM. Foot and Ankle Questionnaire scores were similar. Total theatre time averaged 57 min for GA and 37 min for LA (P = 0.01). LA repairs (82%) were performed as a day case compared with 10% of the GA repairs (P = 0.01). LA patients had a quicker return to work. GA complications included two deep vein thromboses and two pulmonary emboli. One patient from each group had a re‐rupture.Conclusion:  A repair of the acutely ruptured AT under LA is at least as effective as repair under GA with regard to function, long‐term pain and patient satisfaction. LA repair results in significant cost savings due to less theatre time, fewer anaesthetic costs, and a shorter hospital stay.