bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entwicklung zweier Fragebögen zum Krankheitswissen und Umgang mit der Erkrankung für Patienten mit chronisch-obstruktiver Lungenerkrankung (COPD)
Authors: Fischer Carolina , Fischer Rainald , Kirsten Anne-Marie , Holle Rolf , Klütsch Klaus , Stoleriu Cosmina , Göres Ralf , Schultz Konrad , Kahnert Kathrin , Alter Peter , Nowak Dennis , Jörres Rudolf 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Wie bei anderen chronischen Erkrankungen ist auch bei der chronisch-obstruktiven Lungenerkrankung (COPD) zu erwarten, dass der Verlauf positiv beeinflusst wird, wenn die Patienten gut über ihre Erkrankung informiert sind und angemessen damit umgehen. Hierbei dürfte eine vergleichbare Einschätzung des Wissensstands und Umgangs von strukturierten, systematisch entwickelten Fragebögen profitieren, die allerdings bislang in Deutschland nicht publiziert sind.

Methoden Zur Entwicklung der Fragebögen wurden insgesamt 310 Patienten mit COPD in drei pneumologischen Praxen und einer Klinik rekrutiert. Basierend auf statistischen Kriterien und inhaltlichen Bewertungen durch Fachärzte wurden durch Auswahl und Modifikation aus publizierten Studien und Schulungsunterlagen jeweils zwei Fragebögen zum Wissen (17 Fragen) bzw. Umgang (25 Fragen) erstellt. Aus diesen Fragebögen wurden darüber hinaus zwei kurze Versionen mit 5 bzw. 3 Fragen erstellt, um eine extrem schnelle Einschätzung des Wissens und des Umgangs der Patienten zu ermöglichen. Alle Fragebögen beinhalteten außerdem eine visuelle Analogskala zur Selbsteinschätzung von Wissen und Umgang. Als statistische Verfahren zur systematisch geleiteten Auswahl wurden Korrelations- und Regressionsanalysen eingesetzt.

Ergebnisse Die Fragebögen zeigten teils erhebliche Wissensdefizite und v.a. ein unsystematisches, wenig zusammenhängendes Wissen. Der Umfang dieses Wissens war mit dem Lebensalter negativ und mit der Teilnahme an Schulungen positiv korreliert. Dies galt ebenfalls für den Umgang mit der Erkrankung. Auch der Zusammenhang der Antworten auf die Wissensfragen profitierte von der Teilnahme an Schulungen. In jedem Fall korrelierten die visuellen Analogskalen der Selbsteinschätzung von Wissen und Umgang mit den Gesamtpunktzahlen korrekter Antworten.

Diskussion Die Fragebögen zu Wissen und Umgang mit der COPD könnten u.a. im ambulanten Bereich eingesetzt werden, gegebenenfalls auch durch nicht-ärztliches Personal, um Defizite rasch zu erkennen und zu beheben oder als Anlass zu nehmen, eine Schulung zu empfehlen. Die Kurzversionen sowie die Analogskalen der Selbsteinschätzung erlauben zumindest eine orientierende Einschätzung. Möglicherweise sollten Schulungen mehr darauf abzielen, den Zusammenhang des Wissens durch besseres Verständnis zu fördern, da dies vermutlich das Memorieren begünstigt. Hierbei erscheinen ältere Patienten und solche mit geringem Bildungsstand auf sie angepasster Schulungen besonders bedürftig.
Highly Efficient and Practical Oxidative Bromination of Electron-Rich Arenes Using S-Methyl Methanethiosulfonate as the Oxidant
Authors: Li Xun , Wang Shaolong , Zhou Yong , Wang Jianbo , Li Ruolan , Huang Chaoqun , Pang Huailin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAn efficient and practical method for the bromination of electron-rich arenes and heteroarenes was developed by using S-methyl methanethiosulfonate as the oxidant. All the bromine atoms were basically transferred to the brominated products, demonstrating the exceptional atom economy and practicality of the proposed protocol. The method reduces the amount of bromine required for this reaction system and obtains products in moderate to good yields.
Intranasal Glioma with Post-Endoscopic Resection in 1 Year Old Infant: Case Report and Literature Review*
Authors: De Lucca Maria Eduarda Turczyn , Antunes Leonardo Cesar Ferreira , Maffini Jhulia Farinha , de Alencar Guilherme dos Santos , Munhos Sue Hellen de Oliveira , de Morais Rodrigo Leite , Barcelos Carlos Eliseu , Torres Rosângela Stadnick Lauth de Almeida 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Introduction Nasal gliomas - or nasal glial heterotopias - are rare congenital malformations, which correspond to 5% of the congenital nasal masses. It is a mass composed of mature glial tissue that can be located outside, inside or near the nasal region, and may or may not be connected to the brain by a fibrous pedicle. This report addresses a case of nasal glioma that suffered recurrence after endoscopic treatment.
Case Report A 1-year-old boy has, since birth, a mass inside the left nostril, which obstructs and widens the bridge of the nose. Upon physical examination, it is observed that the mass does not increase in size with crying and presents negative transluminescence and Furstenberg test. Upon being biopsied, the lesion reveals malignancy and the presence of inflammatory cells. MRI ruled out communication with intracranial structures. The endoscopic resection of the heterotopia removed a mass of 3,0 × 2,5 × 1,7 cm, whose histological and immunohistochemical analysis revealed glial pattern cell proliferation in the nasal mucosa.
Conclusion Considering that nasal glial heterotopy is frequently present at birth, and that newborns breathe predominantly through this route, early diagnosis of the lesion is of great importance, as it can cause signs and symptoms of respiratory distress. In addition, it is worth noting that the early approach also prevents bone deformities.
Pediatric Facial Burn Reconstruction
Authors: Moon Tina , Driscoll Daniel N. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractContrary to prior pediatric burn treatment philosophies, we now know that early burn excision and grafting for non life-threatening burns can compromise future reconstruction. Extensive scar excision should be minimized and scar rehabilitation maximized, as secondary iatrogenic deformities can become even more difficult to fix. Scar remodeling with local tissue rearrangement can relieve tension and soften scars over time. The majority of facial burns often only involve skin and can be adequately treated without the need for complex flap reconstruction. Facial burn scars are a different problem than facial burn scar contracture. The former needs scar rehabilitation, whereas the latter needs the addition of skin. Laser therapy has transformed the treatment of burn scars and is an incredibly valuable adjunct to local tissue rearrangement and grafting. The most favorable functional, aesthetic, and psychological outcomes require a long-term multidisciplinary effort and customized protocol utilizing the vast armamentarium of reconstructive tools described below.
Active Tuberculosis Risk Associated with Malignancies: A 4-Year Retrospective Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Roy Priyamvada , Bala Kiran , Biswas Jaya , Ahmed Javed , Bir Raunak , Yadav Vishwanath , Xess Ashit , Kumari Sanjana , Malik Prabhat Singh , Deo S. V. S. , Batra Atul , Sharma Atul , Singh Urvashi B. 
Published: April 2024

Background Tuberculosis (TB) remains an important public health problem worldwide. Risk of acquiring TB in patients diagnosed with cancers remains high and can result due to reactivation or reinfection. We share the experience in a large tertiary care hospital.Materials and Methods Clinical samples from presumptive TB patients while on cancer therapy were tested by smear Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN) staining, GeneXpert MTB/RIF (Gx), TB polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and liquid culture (MGIT 960) from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2022.Statistical Analysis Stata 14.0 software was used for statistical analysis. The p-value calculation was done by Pearson's chi-square test.Results Of 906 patients investigated, 42 (4.64%) tested positive for TB. Seven (1.37%) tested positive by ZN staining, 10 patients (6%) had culture positive by MGIT, 20 (10.53%) and 5 (13.51%) samples were positive by Gx and PCR, respectively. Maximum number of TB-positive patients were found to be suffering from carcinoma lung (28%) followed by leukemia (25%), gastrointestinal cancer (13%), and genitourinary cancer (13%), respectively. Seven of the 42 patients succumbed to the disease; the cases belonged to Hodgkin's lymphoma (75% mortality), leukemia (30% mortality), and genitourinary cancer (20% mortality).Conclusion The incidence of active TB is high in cancer patients, especially lung cancer, leukemia, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary cancers. Mortality was high in Hodgkin's lymphoma patients who developed TB. Screening for TB at the time of diagnosis of a high TB risk cancer would help initiate early treatment. We recommend targeted screening for TB in patients with these high-risk cancers, at the time of diagnosis and periodically through cancer treatment.
Enablers and disablers for contactless payment acceptance among Malaysian adults
Authors: Balakrishnan Vimala , Eesan Meesha Lini 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhile a body of knowledge on contactless payment acceptance exists, a comprehensive understanding of the core motivations underpinning such acceptance, particularly in developing countries, is lacking in the literature. This study identified the predictors for contactless payment acceptance in Malaysia by constructing a Contactless Payment Acceptance model using the Technology Readiness Index 2.0 and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 models. Employing a cross-sectional research design, this study utilized survey research as its primary method, administered self-reporting questionnaires through online channels, and garnered 434 valid responses. Structured Equation Modeling identified perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, lack of awareness, and discomfort as the most influential factors affecting customers’ acceptance of contactless payment systems, with an R-squared value of 71.2%. These results have implications for service providers and can guide future research endeavors, thus facilitating the development and implementation of effective strategies to encourage wider adoption of contactless payment systems among individuals in developing countries.
Acoustic manipulation of multi-body structures and dynamics
Authors: Lim Melody X , VanSaders Bryan , Jaeger Heinrich M 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Sound can exert forces on objects of any material and shape. This has made the contactless manipulation of objects by intense ultrasound a fascinating area of research with wide-ranging applications. While much is understood for acoustic forcing of individual objects, sound-mediated interactions among multiple objects at close range gives rise to a rich set of structures and dynamics that are less explored and have been emerging as a frontier for research. We introduce the basic mechanisms giving rise to sound-mediated interactions among rigid as well as deformable particles, focusing on the regime where the particles’ size and spacing are much smaller than the sound wavelength. The interplay of secondary acoustic scattering, Bjerknes forces, and micro-streaming is discussed and the role of particle shape is highlighted. Furthermore, we present recent advances in characterizing non-conservative and non-pairwise additive contributions to the particle interactions, along with instabilities and active fluctuations. These excitations emerge at sufficiently strong sound energy density and can act as an effective temperature in otherwise athermal systems.
Further adoption of conservation tillage can increase maize yields in the western US Corn Belt
Authors: Cambron Trevor W , Deines Jillian M , Lopez Bruno , Patel Rinkal , Liang Sang-Zi , Lobell David B 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Conservation tillage can reduce soil erosion, increase soil health, and decrease labor and fuel input costs. Despite these benefits, potential yield impacts remain an important concern for farmers considering adoption. Previous research suggests that conservation tillage is likely to have the largest yield benefits in more arid conditions, but a lack of field-level analyses across climatic, management and soil conditions limits confidence in such predictions. Satellite imagery provides the opportunity to monitor agricultural lands at sub-field resolution across large spatial scales and wide environmental gradients. Here we investigate the maize yield impacts of conservation tillage in the semi-arid western US Corn Belt, using sub-field resolution datasets on tillage practices and crop yields derived from satellite data spanning four states (Nebraska, Kansas, South Dakota, and North Dakota) between 2008 and 2020. On these datasets, we estimate heterogenous yield outcomes for several thousand maize fields across gradients in climate, soil quality and irrigation status by using a causal forests analysis, an adaptation of the random forests machine-learning algorithm for causal inference on observational data. We find that long-term adoption of conservation tillage increased rainfed maize yields by an average of 9.9% in the region. Impacts on irrigated yields were small and not statistically significant. These results, along with an analysis of variables related to greater than average yield benefits, indicate that improved water infiltration and retention are the primary reasons for conservation tillage benefits. Despite yield benefits, many fields estimated to see increased yields under long term low till have not adopted the practice. Therefore, we identify specific counties likely to benefit most from increased levels of adoption. Our results strengthen the understanding of the impacts of conservation agriculture on crop yields and help define environments and counties most likely to benefit from conservation tillage.
Investigation of an electrode-driven hydrogen plasma method for in situ cleaning of tin-based contamination
Authors: PENG 彭 Yichao 怡超 , YE 叶 Zongbiao 宗标 , WANG 王 Sishu 思蜀 , PU 蒲 Guo 国 , LIU 刘 Xianyang 显洋 , YUAN 苑 Congcong 聪聪 , LIAO 廖 Jiashu 加术 , WEI 韦 Jianjun 建军 , YU 余 Xingang 新刚 , GOU 芶 Fujun 富均 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
To prolong the service life of optics, the feasibility of in situ cleaning of the multilayer mirror (MLM) of tin and its oxidized contamination was investigated using hydrogen plasma at different power levels. Granular tin-based contamination consisting of micro- and macroparticles was deposited on silicon via physical vapor deposition (PVD). The electrode-driven hydrogen plasma at different power levels was systematically diagnosed using a Langmuir probe and a retarding field ion energy analyzer (RFEA). Moreover, the magnitude of the self-biasing voltage was measured at different power levels, and the peak ion energy was corrected for the difference between the RFEA measurements and the self-biasing voltage (

). XPS analysis of O 1s and Sn 3d peaks demonstrated the chemical reduction process after 1 W cleaning. Analysis of surface and cross-section morphology revealed that holes emerged on the upper part of the macroparticles while its bottom remained smooth. Hills and folds appeared on the upper part of the microparticles, confirming the top-down cleaning mode with hydrogen plasma. This study provides an in situ electrode-driven hydrogen plasma etching process for tin-based contamination and will provide meaningful guidance for understanding the chemical mechanism of reduction and etching.
Design of an enhanced spatial resolution indoor plantar strain and gait analysis setup for biomedical applications
Authors: Mishra Manish , Sahu Prasant Kumar , Datta Mrinal 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In the recent years, measurement of plantar strain and gait analysis has gained huge attention and plays a pivotal role in monitoring posture related ailments or Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU). Fibre Bragg Grating Arrays (closely spaced FBGs), another category of optical sensors, are employed in this study to understand the strain and gait of human foot. These arrays offer critical advantages such as enhanced sensitivity, data acquisition, multiplexing abilities, and sensor location effect compensation. For experimentation, five arrays were distributed among different regions (Upper, Medial, and Heel) of foot and their strain patterns for six volunteers (three male and three female) were recorded for eighty seconds. The data was analysed in two ways, Combined (data of array sensors were averaged to target the whole area) and Individual (for independent analysis of each sensor in array). Incoherent transitions and strain patterns of FBGs within the same arrays observed in individual analysis, explains enhanced resolution capabilities of the arrays. Strain mapping of sensor behaviour also confirmed the identification of various forms of gait i.e., Heel Strike, Flat Foot, Heel Off, and Zero Contact. The average standard deviation values for the arrays was reported below 0.16.
Cohomology operations for moment-angle complexes and resolutions of Stanley–Reisner rings
Authors: Amelotte Steven , Briggs Benjamin 
Published: April 2024

A fundamental result in toric topology identifies the cohomology ring of the moment-angle complex

Z

K

\mathcal {Z}_K

associated to a simplicial complex

K
K

with the Koszul homology of the Stanley–Reisner ring of

K
K

. By studying cohomology operations induced by the standard torus action on the moment-angle complex, we extend this to a topological interpretation of the minimal free resolution of the Stanley–Reisner ring. The exterior algebra module structure in cohomology induced by the torus action recovers the linear part of the minimal free resolution, and we show that higher cohomology operations induced by the action (in the sense of Goresky–Kottwitz–MacPherson [Invent. Math. 131 (1998), pp. 25–83]) can be assembled into an explicit differential on the resolution. Describing these operations in terms of Hochster’s formula, we recover and extend a result due to Katthän [Mathematics 7 (2019), no. 7, p. 605]. We then apply all of this to study the equivariant formality of torus actions on moment-angle complexes. For these spaces, we obtain complete algebraic and combinatorial characterisations of which subtori of the naturally acting torus act equivariantly formally.
Global Fintech Revolution
Authors: Lu Lerong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis book is a timely work examining the ongoing Fintech revolution across the world. Fintech denotes the close interaction between the financial services industry and latest information technologies like big data, cloud computing, blockchain, and artificial intelligence. Fintech has produced novel financial services, products, institutions, and business models. The Fintech revolution has brought enormous benefits for financial institutions and their consumers, such as cutting service costs, improving business efficiency, and enabling high-quality product options. Nonetheless, Fintech has posed multiple legal, ethical, and regulatory challenges for policy-makers and financial authorities regarding data security, consumer protection, and financial stability. This book attempts to accomplish three tasks. First, it provides readers with a better understanding of Fintech by examining its conceptual meanings, main forms, special features, and social values. Second, it investigates the complex, dynamic, and multidimensional Fintech ecosystem. It assesses global Fintech hubs in six continents, while discussing the ecosystem’s key players like Fintech regulators (e.g., regulatory strategy, regulatory sandbox, and RegTech) and Fintech corporations (e.g., incumbent banks, financial holding companies, Fintech unicorns, BigTech firms, and Metaverse platforms). Third, this book conducts detailed Fintech case studies in three areas, including app-based banking, online P2P lending, and digital money and payment. It argues that Fintech contributes to a more equal, democratic, inclusive, and sustainable financial system. This book should appeal to a diverse readership across law, business, finance, computer science, and sociology disciplines, providing useful information for academics, university students, practitioners, policy-makers, and think tanks researching the global Fintech revolution.
Understanding Fintech
Authors: Lu Lerong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis chapter conducts an inquiry into Fintech’s conceptual meaning, business models, special characteristics, and social values. It clarifies what types of financial institutions, activities, products, and services will be covered by this novel concept. It would be necessary for readers to have a deep understanding of Fintech before studying relevant application scenarios, commercial implications, and regulatory challenges. The ‘fin’ (finance) part of Fintech represents the unchanged nature of finance that finds the best way to match money supply and demand in our economy. The ‘tech’ (technology) part of Fintech stands for cutting-edge technological innovations, including artificial intelligence, blockchain, cloud computing, data (big data), and e-commerce. The chapter summarises common features of Fintech businesses, such as disintermediation, automation, innovation, virtualisation, customer centricity, scalability, and accessibility. It recognises the economic and social values of Fintech that make the financial industry more efficient, equal, democratic, inclusive, and sustainable.
Fintech Ecosystem—Part One
Authors: Lu Lerong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis chapter investigates the so-called Fintech ecosystem. Fintech has evolved from technology-driven financial products and services to more complex and multidimensional ecosystems, with various players interacting with each other to shape the industry development. The key players include Fintech corporations, consumers, regulators, governments, and investors. This chapter studies two elements of the Fintech ecosystem: the venues (global Fintech hubs) and financial regulators. It assesses the competitive advantages, local features, and regulatory environments of Fintech centres in six continents, including San Francisco, New York, Sydney, Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Mumbai, Singapore, Paris, Frankfurt, London, Dubai, and Nairobi. It then investigates Fintech regulators’ strategies and toolkits, such as the regulatory sandbox and RegTech, and considers how financial authorities balance multiple policy objectives (e.g., promote financial innovation, ensure an adequate degree of consumer protection, and maintain financial stability) when supervising Fintech.
The Shackles of History
Authors: Oweidat Nadia 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses Abu Zayd’s approach to history and its significance, showing why it is controversial and yet foundational to the Islamic modernist movement. Abu Zayd wrote, because “the two issues of history and religion are in fact tied to one another at the conceptual level as well as the methodological level. Settling one would inevitably and logically lead to settling the other.” If history were to be subjected to academic scrutiny, then the actions and judgments of those who speak in Islam’s name would inevitably be examined as well, causing a shift in their public perception. In this atmosphere, in which questioning history can quickly lead to questioning one’s faith, Abu Zayd asked, “How is it that we are supposed to study and learn from history?”
Conclusion
Authors: Oweidat Nadia 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The conclusion discusses Abu Zayd’s enduring legacy, measuring its strengths and limitations, particularly his spearheading a historic process that would shake the foundations of traditional Islamic thought and open a new door for radical reform. This chapter explores the modernist attempt to find a connection between Islamic tradition and such modern values as equality between Muslims and non-Muslims or between men and women. Resolving, or at least clarifying, this issue remains a project of profound implications beyond abstract academic debate, as it has wide-ranging repercussions in the everyday life of Muslim communities across the globe.