bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A meta‐analysis of proximal occlusion device outcomes in carotid artery stenting
Authors: Bersin Robert M. , Stabile Eugenio , Ansel Gary M. , Clair Daniel G. , Cremonesi Alberto , Hopkins L. Nelson , Nikas Dimitrios , Reimers Bernhard , Sievert Horst , Rubino Paolo 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical risk predictors for adverse events in carotid stenting using distal embolic protection devices are well established and include patient age and symptomatic status. The risk predictors for adverse events with proximal occlusion devices are not as well established. This study is a meta‐analysis of available data on proximal occlusion devices to determine the risk predictors of adverse events in carotid stenting.MethodsStudy‐specific results on 2,397 patients from six independent databases of two different proximal occlusion devices were meta‐analyzed by an independent statistical analysis organization for predictors of 30‐day major adverse clinical events including stroke, myocardial infarction, and death using random effects models. The primary endpoint was the composite of total stroke, myocardial infarction, and death at 30 days.ResultsThe incidence of stroke was 1.71%. The incidence of myocardial infarction was 0.02%. The incidence of death was 0.40%. The composite primary endpoint at 30 days was 2.25%. Age and diabetic status were found to be the only significant independent risk predictors; however, total stroke rates remained below 2.6% in all subgroups, including symptomatic octogenarians. The other baseline demographic variables including patient gender, symptomatic status, and contralateral carotid occlusion were not found to be independent risk predictors.ConclusionsA meta‐analysis of CAS procedures performed with proximal occlusion devices demonstrated a very low incidence of adverse events at 30 days. The only independent risk predictors were age and diabetes. Patient gender, symptomatic status, and other baseline characteristics were not found to be risk predictors for CAS using proximal occlusion devices. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ag Nanobelts: Synthesis, Morphological Evolution, and Their Use as Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Wang Ning , Cao Xia , Chen Quanjing , Lin Guo 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe recent development of 1D nanomaterials of controllable size, composition, and structure has opened up enormous possibilities for engineering catalysts with enhanced activity and selectivity. Herein, we report a one‐step strategy for the fabrication of versatile silver nanomaterials. Tailored structures, such as nanobelts, nanowires, and nanocables, were conveniently synthesized by adjusting the reaction conditions. The novelty of this synthesis is in a one‐pot procedure that combines the sequential formation of precursor nucleation, in situ polymerization, and crystal shaping under mild conditions. The as‐synthesized cables consisted of a metallic core (Ag) and an organic outer shell (poly(o‐anisidine), POA). Control experiments demonstrated that the introduced organic monomer (OA) not only acted as the nanoreactor and capping agent, but also a modest reducer for controlled crystal growth at the hydrophilic interface. Electrocatalytic tests showed enhanced stability and activity towards the reduction of oxygen, which was believed to be closely associated with the core–shell structural characteristics of the nanomaterials. Their electrocatalytic performance and tunable structure makes such silver nanobelts promising candidates for applications in catalysis and as sensors in nanoelectrochemical devices.
Synthesis of Nickel(II) Azacorroles by Pd‐Catalyzed Amination of α,α′‐Dichlorodipyrrin NiII Complex and Their Properties
Authors: Horie Miki , Hayashi Yosuke , Yamaguchi Shigeru , Shinokubo Hiroshi 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSynthesis of nickel(II) complexes of meso‐aryl‐substituted azacorroles was performed by Buchwald–Hartwig amination of a dipyrrin NiII complex with benzylamine through CN and CC coupling. The highly planar structure of NiII azacorroles was elucidated by X‐ray diffraction analysis. 1H NMR analysis and nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS) calculation on NiII azacorrole revealed its distinct aromaticity with [17]triaza‐annulene 18π conjugation. In addition, acylation of azacorrole selectively afforded N‐ and C‐acylated azacorroles depending on the reaction conditions, showing the dual reactivity of azacorroles.
Numerical Methods for Dimensioning of Stirring Systems
Authors: Rohn Nicole , Stadtaus Marc , Himmelsbach Werner 
Published: March 2012

AbstractNumerische Methoden nehmen einen festen Platz in der Auslegung von Rührsystemen ein. CFD beschreibt Strömungszustände im Rührbehälter und liefert Aussagen zum Prozessergebnis. Dynamische Belastungen von Bauteilen aufgrund der Rührerströmung lassen sich damit zuverlässig vorhersagen. Diese dienen als Eingangsgröße für die Berechnung von Spannungen oder Verformungen mittels FEM. Insbesondere turbulente Strömungen stellen dynamische Beanspruchungen dar, die Einbauten anregen und zur Resonanz bringen können. Solche Zustände lassen sich mit der Modalanalyse vorhersagen. Die beschriebenen Werkzeuge leisten damit einen wichtigen Beitrag zur betriebssicheren Auslegung und Effizienz der Produktionsanlagen.
Concept of correlation time, autocorrelation functions, and spectral densities of the tunneling jumps through the potential barrier
Authors: Latanowicz Lidia 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe concept of the tunneling correlation time according to Schrödinger is presented. This tunneling jumps and the over the barrier jumps (Arrhenius type) correlation times are applied to calculate the autocorrelation functions and spectral densities of a complex motion. Complex motion means that the relaxation vector performs more than one motion. Two examples of temperature dependencies of a complex motion in a wide temperature regime are given. One example concerns the complex motion consisting of the fast hindered rotation of the methyl group which participates additionally in a slower isotropic motion. The other example concerns the complex motion consisting of the jumps of the proton–proton vector between the two sites in a double hydrogen bond as well as the jumps between other two equilibrium sites (librations of the whole molecule). The latter motion is assumed as slower than the concerted motion of two protons in a double hydrogen bond. In both examples the tunneling jumps are considered as a component of a complex motion. However, only the tunneling jumps of the faster motion are taken into account. Why the tunneling jumps of the slower motion are neglected is explained. The tunneling spectral density dominates only at low temperatures and contributes to the spectral density of the complex motion at intermediate temperatures up to Ttun temperature. The sense of Ttun temperature is explained. A comparison is made with the other theories of tunneling correlation time. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 40A: 66–79, 2012.
Relative intensities of components of quadrupolar‐split multiplets in NMR spectra: Rationale for a simple rule
Authors: Philp David J. , Naumann Christoph , Kuchel Philip W. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of quadrupolar nuclei in a uniformly anisotropic environment like a stretched gel usually display multiplets of resonances whose components have particular relative intensities. We present the multiplicities and relative integrals of the components of the quadrupolar‐split resonances in experimental NMR spectra of a series of quadrupolar nuclei in stretched gels. We give an intuitive explanation of the physical basis of the multiplicity and a simple mathematical formula that enables one to calculate the values of their relative intensities given the spin quantum number of the nuclei. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 40A: 90–99, 2012.
Fault‐tolerant programmable logic array for nanoelectronics
Authors: Flak Jacek , Laiho Mika 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYThis paper presents the architecture for a nanoelectronic logic system in which a regular array of logic gates with programmable interconnections is accompanied by a data transmitter and receiver as well as program registers and a controller. Binary programmable interconnections assure system versatility by providing the means of computing different logic operations. They also allow setting the redundancy level via the number of columns clustered to compute a certain function. A system operation is explained and visualized with a number of examples. The embedded scheme of fault tolerance can effectively mitigate permanent, as well as transient, faults. Some implementation and performance aspects are approached through simulations of single‐electron tunneling structures. However, the proposed architectural concept is generic and can be applied to systems implemented with alternative nanotechnologies. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distributed mapping management of identifiers and locators in mobile‐oriented Internet environment
Authors: Gohar Moneeb , Jung Heeyoung , Koh Seok‐Joo 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYMany schemes have recently been proposed for the separation of identifier (ID) and locator (LOC), which include the Host Identity Protocol, the Identifier‐Locator Network Protocol, and the Locator Identifier Separation Protocol. However, all of these schemes were originally designed in fixed network environment, rather than mobile network environment. In particular, these schemes are based on a centralized map server that is used as an anchor point for mobile nodes, and thus intrinsically subject to some limitations in a mobile environment. In this paper, we propose a distributed ID‐LOC mapping management scheme in a mobile‐oriented Internet environment. In the proposed scheme, we assume that a host has a globally unique and hierarchical Host ID (HID) that contains the information of its home network domain. Each network domain has a distributed map server for distributed management of ID‐LOC mappings. For roaming support, each distributed map server maintains its own home HID register and visiting HID register, which are used to keep the mappings of HID and LOCs for mobile nodes in the distributed manner. By performance analysis, it is shown that the proposed distributed scheme can give better performance than the existing centralized schemes in terms of ID‐LOC binding update and data delivery costs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of hydraulic behaviour of unvegetated and vegetation‐stabilized sand dunes in arid desert ecosystems
Authors: Wang Xin‐ping , Quan Gui‐jing , Pan Yan‐xia , Hu Rui , Zhang Ya‐feng , Tedeschi Anna , Basile Angelo , Comegna Alessandro , Coppola Antonio , de Mascellis Roberto 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTRevegetation was one of most successful measures to restore desert sand dunes and to improve regional eco‐environments in the Tengger Desert, Northwest China. The potential for soil moisture replenishment by precipitation in the revegetation restored desert ecosystems is influenced strongly by the hydraulic properties of the surface soils. Steady‐state infiltration rates from tension disc infiltrometer were measured at revegetation restored desert soils (VS) and unvegetated sand dunes (SD), respectively. Results indicated that the site specific VS and SD hydraulic properties differed significantly. Compared with SD, the long term VS has the effect of decreasing the hydraulic conductivity of the surface soil, while increasing the capillary effect on the infiltration rate. Averagely, the hydraulic conductivity of VS was 0·43 times of SD at the near saturation conditions. At VS, tension infiltration were dominated by capillarity effect more than that of SD, which were ascribed to the differences in soil properties where the former has a higher amount of finer particles, organic matters content and lower bulk densities. Accordingly, the hydraulically functioning mean pore sizes were larger at SD, where the gravity effect dominated the tension infiltration process. Therefore, in the study area under the pulse precipitation events in the growing seasons, VS contains more soil water by capillarity effect than SD does, which would contribute to shallow rooted herbage and cryptogam water consumption. Nevertheless, looking at the whole soil profile, for the actual rainfall water regimes, VS has insignificant effects on the soil profile water regime, with unchanged deep fluxes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermodynamic Discrimination in the Formation of Tetranuclear Lanthanide Helicates
Authors: Zebret Soumaila , Besnard Céline , Bernardinelli Gérald , Hamacek Josef 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe complexation of lanthanide cations with a tripodal ligand bearing terminal ester functions was investigated. Thermodynamic speciation was achieved by a combination of different physicochemical methods, and the stability constants of the related complexes were determined spectrophotometrically. The formation of tetranuclear 3D edifices occurs preferentially with heavier lanthanides. Their molecular structure was confirmed by X‐ray crystallography. Solid‐state luminescence properties of the EuIII and TbIII compounds were also examined.
In Situ Dearomatisation/Alkylation of Arylphosphane Derivatives
Authors: Stankevič Marek , Wójcik Karolina , Jaklińska Magdalena , Pietrusiewicz K. Michał 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe dearomatisation of aryldialkylphosphane–boranes and aryldialkylphosphane oxides under Birch reduction conditions, followed by treatment with reactive alkyl halides, provides the corresponding α‐functionalised (cyclohexa‐1,4‐dien‐3‐yl)phosphane derivatives. This reaction offers a method of choice for the synthesis of bulky (cyclohexadienyl)phosphanes.
Intramolecular Iodine‐Mediated Oxygen Transfer from Nitro Groups to C≡C Bonds
Authors: Cikotiene Inga 
Published: March 2012

AbstractHighly regioselective oxygen transfer from nitro groups to C≡C bonds has been achieved by employment of iodine monochloride or molecular iodine. The precursors are heterocyclic, aromatic or acyclic compounds, each bearing a nitro group ortho to an internal alkyne. The developed methodology is general for the preparation of a wide range of fused isoxazoles, each bearing a carbonyl function in the fifth position in the isoxazole ring. It is very important to note that the outcomes of the cycloisomerizations are not dictated by the natures of the heterocycle or alkyne substituents. Moreover, this is a unique example of iodine‐mediated ring closure of internal alkynes without introduction of halogen into the newly formed rings.
Enantioselective β‐Vinylation of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes Using a β‐Nitroethyl Sulfone as Vinyl Anion Equivalent
Authors: Gianelli Chiara , Lopez Rosa , Puente Ángel , Zalacain Maitane , Palomo Claudio 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA concise method for the asymmetric β‐vinylation of enals is presented. The success of the reaction lies in the stereoselective organocatalyzed addition of β‐nitroethyl sulfone 1 to enals and in the ability of Mg to promote the concomitant elimination of the sulfone moiety and the nitrous acid. The method performed in a three‐step one‐pot operation allows the synthesis of enantioenriched β‐vinyl aldehydes and derivatives thereof.
Sensitive and fast determination of Sudan dyes in chilli powder by partial‐filling micellar electrokinetic chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Fukuji Tatiana S. , Castro‐Puyana María , Tavares Marina F. M. , Cifuentes Alejandro 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA fast and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of Sudan dyes (I, II, III, and IV) in food samples was developed for the first time using partial filling micellar electrokinectic chromatography‐mass spectrometry (MEKC‐MS). The use of MEKC was essential to achieve the separation of these neutral analytes, while the partial filling technique was necessary to avoid the contamination of the ion source with non‐volatile micelles. MEKC separation and MS detection conditions were optimized in order to achieve a fast, efficient, and sensitive separation of the four dyes. Filling 25% of the capillary with an MEKC solution containing 40 mM ammonium bicarbonate, 25 mM SDS, and 32.5% (v/v) acetonitrile, a baseline separation of the four azo‐dyes was obtained in 10 min. Tandem MS was investigated in order to improve the sensitivity and selectivity of the analysis. Limits of detection (LOD) values 5, 8, 15, and 29 times better were obtained for Sudan III, I, II, and IV, respectively, using partial filling MEKC‐MS/MS instead of partial filling MEKC‐MS. Under optimized conditions, LOD from 0.05 to 0.2 μg/mL were obtained. The suitability of the developed method was demonstrated through the fast and sensitive determination of Sudan I, II, III, and IV in spiked chilli powder samples. This determination could not be achieved by MEKC‐UV due to the existence of several interfering compounds from the matrix.
Comparative proteomic profiling of human lung adenocarcinoma cells (CL 1–0) expressing miR‐372
Authors: Lai Juo‐Hsin , She Tzu‐Fang , Juang Yu‐Min , Tsay Yeou‐Guang , Huang Ay‐Huey , Yu Sung‐Liang , Chen Jeremy J. W. , Lai Chien‐Chen 
Published: March 2012

AbstractLung cancer is a common malignancy and has a poor overall prognosis. Widespread metastasis is a common phenomenon in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It has been demonstrated that cancer relapse and survival can be predicted by the presence of a five‐microRNA (miRNA) signature independent of stage or histologic type in NSCLC patients. Among the five miRNAs in the signature, miR‐372 has been shown to play a significant role in metastasis and in the development of human testicular germ cell tumors. In addition, there is evidence that miR‐372 posttranscriptionally downregulates large tumor suppressor, homolog 2 (Lats2), resulting in tumorigenesis and proliferation. To further investigate the cellular mechanisms involved in miR‐372‐induced silencing, we conducted a comparative proteomic analysis of NSCLC CL 1–0 cells expressing miRNA‐372 and/or vector only by using two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE), two‐dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D‐DIGE), and LC/MS/MS. Proteins identified as being up‐ or downregulated were further classified according to their biological functions. Many of the proteins identified in our study may be potential diagnostic biomarkers of NSCLC, particularly phosphorylated eIF4A‐I.
In‐depth performance investigation of a nano‐LC gradient generator
Authors: Siviero Antonella , Bergna Manuela , Famiglini Giorgio , Mantegazza Alessandra , Palma Pierangela , Cappiello Achille 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAn innovative approach for nano‐liquid chromatography (LC) gradient generation is presented. This system represents an optimized and refined version of a prototype proposed by the authors a few years ago: the current version is characterized by a new configuration that guarantees complete automation and easier operation. The core of the system is an electronically controlled, multiposition valve that hosts six loops, filled with different mobile phase compositions of increasing strength. A conventional flow rate of water is reduced at nano‐scale through a split device to push the content of the on‐line loop into the column. No mixing occurs between solvents inside the loops, due to the low flow rate and the reduced loop diameter. Valve actuation allows the selection of the on‐line loop to obtain the solvent gradient. The evaluation of the system performance takes into account gradient accuracy, precision, delay time, shape (linear, convex, or concave), and organic solvent consumption. Results highlight the reliability and the competitiveness of the system, especially in terms of accuracy and precision. A comparison between the described system and a conventional split‐based one demonstrates that the new approach reduces the solvent consumption by about 40 times, improving green chromatography and cutting laboratory costs.
Alignment of laser‐induced fluorescence and mass spectrometric detection traces using electrophoretic mobility scaling in CE‐LIF‐MS of labeled N‐glycans
Authors: Huhn Carolin , Ruhaak L. Renee , Mannhardt Joachim , Wuhrer Manfred , Neusüß Christian , Deelder André M. , Meyer Hans 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe combination of optical detection techniques like photometry (UV) or laser‐induced fluorescence (LIF) with mass spectrometry for capillary electrophoresis offers advantages, both for later use of stand‐alone CE‐UV or CE‐LIF systems and for combined CE‐UV‐MS or CE‐LIF‐MS analysis. Faster method development is enabled, the identification of analytes is facilitated, and it allows christian the optical detection scheme to be used for more precise quantification. However, shortcomings of current methodology and equipment hindered the broader use of such detection combinations mainly due to the long distance between the detection points (at least 20 cm). Large shifts in migration times and changes in resolution are visible between the detection traces hindering their straightforward comparison. We present here novel equipment for a robust coupling of CE‐LIF‐MS with the shortest possible distance between detection points (12 cm) determined by the length of the electrospray needle. In addition, we encourage the use of a normalization of detection traces using a scale of effective electrophoretic mobility to obtain the same x‐scale for both detection traces. As an example, the proposed methodology is applied to a mixture of labeled as well as non‐labeled N‐glycans.
Microfluidic chip‐based liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for determination of small molecules in bioanalytical applications
Authors: Lin Shu‐Ling , Bai Hsin‐Yu , Lin Tzuen‐Yeuan , Fuh Ming‐Ren 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe development and integration of microfabricated liquid chromatography (LC) microchips have increased dramatically in the last decade due to the needs of enhanced sensitivity and rapid analysis as well as the rising concern on reducing environmental impacts of chemicals used in various types of chemical and biochemical analyses. Recent development of microfluidic chip‐based LC mass spectrometry (chip‐based LC‐MS) has played an important role in proteomic research for high throughput analysis. To date, the use of chip‐based LC‐MS for determination of small molecules, such as biomarkers, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), and drugs of abuse and their metabolites, in clinical and pharmaceutical applications has not been thoroughly investigated. This mini‐review summarizes the utilization of commercial chip‐based LC‐MS systems for determination of small molecules in bioanalytical applications, including drug metabolites and disease/tumor‐associated biomarkers in clinical samples as well as adsorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion studies of APIs in drug discovery and development. The different types of commercial chip‐based interfaces for LC‐MS analysis are discussed first and followed by applications of chip‐based LC‐MS on biological samples as well as the comparison with other LC‐MS techniques.