bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Family of Four‐Coordinate Iron(II) Complexes Bearing the Sterically Hindered Tris(pyrazolyl)borato Ligand TptBu,Me
Authors: Jové Fernando A. , Pariya Chandi , Scoblete Michael , Yap Glenn P. A. , Theopold Klaus H. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA new family of 14‐electron, four‐coordinate iron(II) complexes of the general formula [TptBu,MeFeX] (TptBu,Me is the sterically hindered hydrotris(3‐tert‐butyl‐5‐methyl‐pyrazolyl) borate ligand and X=Cl (1), Br, I) were synthesized by salt metathesis of FeX2 with TptBu,MeK. The related fluoride complex was prepared by reaction of 1 with AgBF4. Chloride 1 proved to be a good precursor for ligand substitution reactions, generating a series of four‐coordinate iron(II) complexes with carbon, oxygen, and sulphur ligands. All of these complexes were fully characterized by conventional spectroscopic methods and most were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallographic analysis. Magnetic measurements for all complexes agreed with a high‐spin (d6, S=2) electronic configuration. The halide series enabled the estimation of the covalent radius of iron in these complexes as 1.24 Å.
Quantifying Electronic Effects of Common Carbohydrate Protecting Groups in a Piperidine Model System
Authors: Heuckendorff Mads , Pedersen Christian M. , Bols Mikael 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA study of the substituent effects of protecting groups in hydroxypiperidines was carried out and compared with the electronic effects in glycosylation chemistry. 1‐Deoxynojirimycin, the aza‐sugar analogue of 1‐deoxy‐D‐glucose, was used as a carbohydrate model, and protected with the most common carbohydrate protecting groups. The different stabilization of positive charge on the ring heteroatom was determined by pKa measurements. The protecting groups could be ranked in the following way after their destabilization of the piperidinium ion: benzoyl≥acetyl≫4,6‐O‐benzylidine>benzyl≈methyl>H>3,6‐anhydro>tert‐butyldimethylsilyl. The observed effects of having protecting groups with different electronic characteristics were found to be in agreement with the “armed–disarmed” concept. Comparison of the pKa of benzylated and benzoylated epimers of 3‐hydroxy‐6‐hydroxymethyl piperidines showed increased stabilization of the piperidinium ion in the axial epimer. The difference between axial and equatorial epimers was larger in the benzylated than in the benzoylated piperidines.
Silver Baits for The “Miraculous Draught” of Amphiphilic Lanthanide Helicates
Authors: Terazzi Emmanuel , Guénée Laure , Varin Johan , Bocquet Bernard , Lemonnier Jean‐François , Emery Daniel , Mareda Jiri , Piguet Claude 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe axial connection of flexible thioalkyls chains of variable length (n=1–12) within the segmental bis‐tridentate 2‐benzimidazole‐8‐hydroxyquinoline ligands [L12Cn−2 H]2− provides amphiphilic receptors designed for the synthesis of neutral dinuclear lanthanides helicates. However, the stoichiometric mixing of metals and ligands in basic media only yields intricate mixtures of poorly soluble aggregates. The addition of AgI in solution restores classical helicate architectures for n=3, with the quantitative formation of the discrete D3‐symmetrical [Ln2Ag2(L12C3−2 H)3]2+ complexes at millimolar concentration (Ln=La, Eu, Lu). The X‐ray crystal structure supports the formation of [La2Ag2(L12C3−2 H)3][OTf]2, which exists in the solid state as infinite linear polymers bridged by S‐Ag‐S bonds. In contrast, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in the gas phase and in solution confirm the experimental diffusion measurements, which imply the formation of discrete molecular entities in these media, in which the sulfur atoms of each lipophilic ligand are rapidly exchanged within the AgI coordination sphere. Turned as a predictive tool, MD suggests that this AgI templating effect is efficient only for n=1–3, while for n>3 very loose interactions occur between AgI and the thioalkyl residues. The subsequent experimental demonstration that only 25 % of the total ligand speciation contributes to the formation of [Ln2Ag2(L12C12−2 H)3]2+ in solution puts the bases for a rational approach for the design of amphiphilic helical complexes with predetermined molecular interfaces.
Structural Design, Solid‐Phase Synthesis and Activity of Membrane‐Anchored β‐Secretase Inhibitors on Aβ Generation from Wild‐Type and Swedish‐Mutant APP
Authors: Schieb Heinke , Weidlich Sebastian , Schlechtingen Georg , Linning Philipp , Jennings Gary , Gruner Margit , Wiltfang Jens , Klafki Hans‐Wolfgang , Knölker Hans‐Joachim 
Published: December 2010

AbstractCovalent coupling of β‐secretase inhibitors to a raftophilic lipid anchor via a suitable spacer by using solid‐phase peptide synthesis leads to tripartite structures displaying substantially improved inhibition of cellular secretion of the β‐amyloid peptide (Aβ). Herein, we describe a series of novel tripartite structures, their full characterization by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, and the analysis of their biological activity in cell‐based assays. The tripartite structure concept is applicable to different pharmacophores, and the potency in terms of β‐secretase inhibition can be optimized by adjusting the spacer length to achieve an optimal distance of the inhibitor from the lipid bilayer. A tripartite structure containing a transition‐state mimic inhibitor was found to be less potent on Aβ generation from Swedish‐mutant amyloid precursor protein (APP) than from the wild‐type protein. Moreover, our observations suggest that specific variants of Aβ are generated from wild‐type APP but not from Swedish‐mutant APP and are resistant to β‐secretase inhibition. Efficient inhibition of Aβ secretion by tripartite structures in the absence of appreciable neurotoxicity was confirmed in a primary neuronal cell culture, thus further supporting the concept.
Hormonal Regulation of Growth and Metabolic Effects of Growth Hormone
Authors: Kaplan Selna L. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Effects of Growth Hormone on Body MetabolismProtein MetabolismFat MetabolismCarbohydrate MetabolismBone MetabolismElectrolyte and Fluid MetabolismCardiovascular DiseaseLinear Growth in Growth Hormone‐Deficient ChildrenEffects of Other Hormones on Growth and Growth Hormone FunctionThyroid Hormones and GrowthGlucocorticoids and GrowthSex Steroids and GrowthInsulin and GrowthUse of Growth Hormone as an Anabolic AgentSummary
Structure‐Function Relationships of Growth Hormone and Other Members of the Growth Hormone Gene Family
Authors: Kopchick John J. , Chen Wen Y. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Studies Using Growth Hormone FragmentsMultiple Activities of Growth HormoneCrystal StructureStudies Regarding Disulfide BondsHomologue/Alanine Scanning as A Means of Defining Biologically Active DomainsThe Third α‐HelixMutagenesis of the Growth Hormone Gene Encoding α‐Helix 3 and Transgenic Mouse StudiesImportance of the Amphiphilicity of the Third α‐HelixDesigning a Growth Hormone Analogue with a Perfect Amphiphilic α‐HelixSystematic Substitution Mutations in the Hydrophilic Region of the Third α‐Helix of Bovine Growth HormoneGrowth Hormone AntagonistsPegylated Growth Hormone Antagonists as Therapeutic AgentsFinding of One Growth Hormone/Two Growth Hormone‐Binding ProteinsMutagenesis Studies on the Prolactin GeneConcluding Remarks
Feedback Regulation of Growth Hormone Secretion
Authors: Wehrenberg William B. , Giustina Andrea 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:DefinitionsUltrashort‐Loop FeedbackShort‐Loop FeedbackLong‐Loop FeedbackUltrashort‐Loop Feedback (Autocrine Regulation)Ultrashort‐Loop Feedback Regulation of Growth Hormone–Releasing Hormone by Growth Hormone–Releasing HormoneUltrashort‐Loop Feedback Regulation of Somatostatin by SomatostatinUltrashort‐Loop Feedback Regulation of Growth Hormone by Growth HormoneShort‐Loop FeedbackIntrahypothalamic Short‐Loop Feedback PathwaysPituitary–Hypothalamic Short‐Loop Feedback PathwaysLong‐Loop FeedbackAdrenal Hormones: GlucocorticoidsAdrenal Hormones: MineralocorticoidsGonadal HormonesThyroid HormonesGrowth FactorsOther HormonesMetabolic FactorsSummary
The Somatomedin Hypothesis of Growth Hormone Action
Authors: Hintz Raymond L. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Early Studies on the Mechanism of Growth Hormone ActionThe Sulfation Factor HypothesisCharacterization of Somatomedin Biological Activity in SerumStimulation of Differentiated Cell FunctionsIncreases inDNA,RNA, and Protein SynthesisSynthesis and ControlMechanisms of ActionAssays and Serum Levels of SomatomedinPurification of Somatomedin from SerumBiochemical CharacterizationThe Isolation and Sequencing of Nonsuppressible Insulin‐Like Activity‐S Peptides and the Insulin‐Like Growth Factor TerminologyRelationship to Nonsuppressible Insulin‐Like Activity‐S and Multiplicating Stimulating ActivityCharacterization of the Specific Somatomedin PeptidesDevelopment of Specific AssaysPathophysiology of Serum LevelsSomatomedin Receptor SitesSomatomedin Binding ProteinsMetabolism and Feedback on Growth Hormone SecretionLessons from theRNAandDNAStructures of the Insulin‐like Growth FactorsParacrine ActionsThe Dual Effector Hypothesis of Growth Hormone ActionEvidence that the Somatomedins are the Major Effectors of the Growth Actions of Growth HormoneIndirect EvidenceDirect EvidenceEpilogue
Insulin‐Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins
Authors: Clemmons David R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Gene StructuresInsulin‐Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1Insulin‐Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2Insulin‐Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3Insulin‐Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 4Insulin‐Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 5Insulin‐Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 6Acid Labile SubunitProtein StructuresInsulin‐Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1Insulin‐Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2Insulin‐Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3Insulin‐Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 4Insulin‐Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 5Insulin‐Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 6Insulin‐Like Growth Factor Binding Protein‐Related ProteinsControl of Gene Expression, Synthesis, and Secretion of Insulin‐Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins by Cells and TissuesTissue ExpressionSecretion by Cells In VitroVariables that Regulate Pericellular Abundanbce of Insulin‐Like Growth Factor Binding ProteinsProteolysisPhosphorylation of Insulin‐Like Growth Factor Binding ProteinsBinding to Cell Surfaces and to Extracellular MatrixRegulation of Insulin‐Like Growth Factor Actions in vitro and in vivoRegulation of Half‐LifeModulation of Insulin‐Like Growth Factor ActionsSpecific Functions of Each Form of Binding ProteinA Unified Theory of the Mechanism of Action of Insulin‐Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins in Connective Tissue CellsUse of Insulin‐Like Growth Factor AnalogsRelated ProteinsControl of Insulin‐Like Growth Factor Binding Protein Concentrations in Physiologic FluidsMethodologic ConsiderationsDetection of Insulin‐Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins in Physiologic Fluids Other than BloodRegulation of Insulin‐Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins in SerumRegulation of Insulin‐Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins by HormonesSummary
Thyroid Hormone Receptors
Authors: Koenig Ronald J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:3,5,3′ Triiodo‐L‐Thyronine (T3) Receptors: OverviewT3Receptor Functional Unit onDNARetinoid X ReceptorsOther Potential Heterodimerization PartnersStructure and Function of theDNABinding DomainStructure and Function of the Ligand Binding DomainActivity of Unliganded T3ReceptorsActivation of Transcription by T3Activation of Transcription by Unliganded T3ReceptorsRepression of Transcription by T3Phosphorylation of T3ReceptorsSummary
Mixed medullary‐follicular carcinoma of the thyroid: Diagnostic dilemmas in fine‐needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Hanna Atef N. , Michael Claire W. , Jing Xin 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMixed medullary‐follicular carcinoma (MMFC) of thyroid is an extremely rare tumor, characterized by coexistence of morphological and immunohistochemical features of both medullary carcinoma and follicular (or papillary) carcinoma. We herein present fine needle aspiration (FNA) findings of a histology‐confirmed MMFC along with a review of literature. The patient was a 64‐year‐old woman who had a history of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and presented with enlargement of preexisting right thyroid nodule. An US‐guided FNA of the thyroid nodule was performed and conventional smears were prepared. A cytologic diagnosis of “positive for malignancy, consistent with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC)” was rendered based on the presence of features characteristic for MTC, and the absence of components of follicular neoplasm (adenoma and carcinoma) or papillary carcinoma. However, microscopic examination of the follow‐up total thyroidectomy specimen with the aid of immunocytochemical study detected minor portion of follicular carcinoma in addition to MTC. A histologic diagnosis of MMFC was then established. While specific identification of MMFC by FNA may be difficult, it should be emphasized that adequate sampling in conjunction with the proper immunostaining panel could have highlighted the different aspects of the mixed tumor. Diagn.Cytopathol. 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Correlation of thyroid nodule fine‐needle aspiration cytology with corresponding histology at Mayo Clinic, 2001–2007: An institutional experience of 1,945 cases
Authors: Seningen Justin L. , Nassar Aziza , Henry Michael R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractFollowing the National Cancer Institute Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration State of the Science Conference, the thyroid fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) practice at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, conducted retrospective analyses correlating cytologic and histologic evaluations of thyroid nodules. Cytologic and histologic reports were retrieved for patients with thyroid nodules who underwent thyroid FNAB between January 2001 and December 2007, with subsequent surgical thyroid resection. Cases were classified by major cytologic and histologic diagnosis and specific diagnostic subcategories. Of 1,945 FNAB cytologic results, 180 (9.3%) were nondiagnostic; 512 (26.3%) were negative for malignancy; 27 (1.4%) were atypical; 729 (37.5%) were suspicious for malignancy; and 497 (25.6%) were positive for malignancy. Histology was benign in 1,179 (60.6%) and malignant in 766 (39.4%). For thyroid malignancy as the disease outcome, at cytologic thresholds of atypical, suspicious, and positive, overall sensitivity of thyroid FNAB was 94.5%, 94.1%, and 65.0%, respectively, and specificity was 46.0%, 48.3%, and 98.5%, respectively. Positive predictive value for all malignancies was 97.0%, and negative predictive value was 92.0%. When separated by specific malignant outcomes, diagnoses of papillary carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, and lymphoma had specificity of suspicious FNAB diagnoses ranging from 90.5% to 99.6%; positive predictive value ranged from 87.5% to 91.4%. For follicular or Hürthle carcinoma, suspicious FNAB diagnoses had a specificity of 52.5% and a positive predictive value of 5.9%. Sensitivity of indeterminate FNAB diagnoses ranged from 72.7% to 95.3%. For follicular or Hürthle pattern malignancies, indeterminate cytologic diagnoses should be interpreted with caution by the clinician considering surgical management. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012;40:E27–E32. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of raloxifene on Bax protein expression in breast carcinomas of postmenopausal women
Authors: Vitor Lopes‐Costa Pedro , Ribeiro dos Santos Alesse , Borges da Silva Benedito 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe actual role of Bax protein as a prognostic biomarker that predicts response to therapy remains unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of raloxifene on Bax protein expression in breast carcinomas of postmenopausal women. Twenty postmenopausal patients with operable stage II, estrogen receptor‐positive, infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma were treated with oral raloxifene at a dose of 60 mg/day for a period of 28 days before definitive surgery. Tumor samples were obtained by incisional biopsy at the time of diagnosis and again at the time of definitive surgical treatment. Immunohistochemical evaluation of Bax expression was assessed semiquantitatively based on the fraction of stained tumor cells and intensity of staining. McNemar's test was used to analyze data (P < 0.05). Eleven of the 20 (55%) patients were classified as positive for Bax expression before raloxifene treatment, whereas 9(45%) were classified as positive after raloxifene treatment (P = 0.479). In conclusion, raloxifene did not alter Bax expression significantly in estrogen receptor‐positive breast carcinomas ofpostmenopausal women. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reactivity of Paramagnetic FeII–Bis(amidinate) Complexes
Authors: Jellema Erica , Sciarone Timo J. J. , Navarrete Noa M. , Hettinga Marten J. , Meetsma Auke , Hessen Bart 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSynthesis and characterisation of ether adducts of bis(amidinate) FeII complexes are described [amidinate = 2,6‐iPr2C6H3–NC(Ph)N–Ph]. The isolation of these five‐coordinate complexes contrasts with the homoleptic bis(amidinate) Fe complexes obtained previously with the sterically more demanding amidinate ligands 2,6‐iPr2C6H3–NC(Ph)N–Ar (Ar = 2,6‐iPr2C6H3, 2,6‐Me2C6H3) The more accessible ether adducts show enhanced reactivity towards Lewis bases and towards the π‐acid carbon monoxide. Reaction with excess amounts of CO results in carbonyl insertion into the Fe–N bonds, thereby giving rise to a diamagnetic bis(CO) adduct supported by two carbamoyl ligands.
Aptamer‐Based Inhibition Assay for the Electrochemical Detection of Tobramycin Using Magnetic Microparticles
Authors: González‐Fernández Eva , de‐los‐Santos‐Álvarez Noemí , Lobo‐Castañón María Jesús , Miranda‐Ordieres Arturo J. , Tuñón‐Blanco Paulino 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe detection of small molecules using aptamers is not straightforward when the induced fit triggered by the analyte is also small. Herein a labeling strategy is explored for the voltammetric detection of the antibiotic tobramycin using magnetic microparticles (MPs). A competition between MPs‐immobilized tobramycin and free tobramycin for the limited amount of the biotinylated‐aptamer was established. The addition of the enzymatic conjugate and the substrate generated a product that was electrochemically oxidized on screen‐printed carbon electrodes. The analytical signal was proportional to the antibiotic concentration from 5–500 µM and the reproducibility was 5.7 %. The assay selectivity was also studied.
Amperometric Quantification of Gluten in Food Samples Using an ELISA Competitive Assay and Flow Injection Analysis
Authors: Amaya‐González Sonia , de‐los‐Santos‐Álvarez Noemí , Lobo‐Castañón María Jesús , Miranda‐Ordieres Arturo J. , Tuñón‐Blanco Paulino 
Published: December 2010

AbstractGluten analysis in food is intricate because of the analyte variability among cereal species and protein states. Herein the immunodominant peptide 33‐mer from alpha2‐gliadin is proposed as standard for calibration in a competitive ELISA assay with amperometric flow‐injection detection. Using the monoclonal antibody G12, a correlation between the content of gluten in peptide and gluten units was obtained for the first time. The analytical features were compared with optical measurements using several standards obtaining a slightly lower detection limit, which suggested the sensitivity is limited by affinity and not by the detection technique. “Gluten‐free” samples were satisfactorily analyzed.
Impedimetric Detection of Hairpin Ribozyme Activity
Authors: Piekielska Katarzyna , Gębala Magdalena , Gwiazda Sławomir , Müller Sabine , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: December 2010

AbstractElectrochemical impedance spectroscopy is successfully utilized for label‐free monitoring of the cleavage reaction of a RNA substrate by a complementary hairpin ribozyme. The formation of the RNA substrate/ribozyme complex is increasing the negative charge at the interface and is modulating the kinetic of the redox conversion of a negatively charged redox mediator (e.g. [Fe(CN)6]3−/4−) hence leading to an increase in the charge transfer resistance. Upon addition of bivalent cations such as Mg2+ ions the conformation of the ribozyme is changed and the catalytic cleavage of the RNA is monitored by a decrease of the charge transfer resistance.
MEKC as a powerful growing analytical technique
Authors: Deeb Sami El , Iriban Mohammed Abu , Gust Ronald 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis review summarizes the principle and the developments in MEKC in terms of separation power, sensitivity, and detection approaches more than 25 years after its appearance. Newly used surfactants are mentioned. Classical and new sample concentration techniques in MEKC are described. The different detection approaches in MEKC with advantages, limitations, and future prospects are also discussed. This review highlights the wider application of MEKC in different analytical fields. Various recent selected applications of this technique in different analytical fields are reported.
Techno‐economic and environmental assessment of bioethanol‐based chemical process: A case study on ethyl acetate
Authors: Hong Thuy Nguyen T. , Kikuchi Yasunori , Sugiyama Hirokazu , Noda Masaru , Hirao Masahiko 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe utilization of biomass is a key technology toward sustainable development. Bioethanol can be used as a substitute for fossil‐based fuel and to produce commodity chemicals, in which the latter has larger benefit returns and wider application. Therefore, switching the use of bioethanol as a feedstock of chemical processes from the conventional fossil‐based one to produce large quantities of chemicals has recently received increasing attention. In this study, we investigate the potential of substituting bioethanol‐based processes for fossil‐based processes to produce ethyl acetate, by considering economic and environmental issues. Different technologies of producing ethyl acetate are considered. One representative fossil‐based process is modeled and compared with three bioethanol‐based processes, with respect to production cost and CO2 emission indicators. The results show that bioethanol‐based processes have better cost saving and less global warming potential. The identification of a feasible bioethanol‐based production process of ethyl acetate will largely contribute to the development of the chemical industry and help ensure the actual sustainability of such an emerging technology. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2010