bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain stimulation for the treatment of epilepsy
Authors: Jobst Barbara C. , Darcey Terrance M. , Thadani Vijay M. , Roberts David W. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryDirect brain stimulation is an emerging treatment of epilepsy. Scheduled or responsive stimulation has been applied. The most explored targets for scheduled stimulation are the anterior nucleus of the thalamus and the hippocampus. The anterior nucleus of the thalamus was studied in a large multicenter trial. There was a significant seizure reduction with the stimulator “on” versus “off” during several months after stimulator implantation. The hippocampus as stimulation target has not yet been studied in a large randomized trial. Responsive stimulation applies a stimulus whenever epileptiform activity occurs. It requires on‐line detection of epileptiform activity. This concept is based on the observation that epileptiform activity during functional mapping can be aborted by brief pulses of cortical stimulation. Current technology is able to detect seizure activity intracranially on‐line and delivers a high frequency stimulus if epileptiform activity is detected. A large randomized multicenter trial has been conducted testing this system for focal epilepsy.
Inverse relationship between seizure expression and extrasynaptic NMDAR function following chronic NMDAR inhibition
Authors: Bausch Suzanne B. , He Shuijin , Dong Yu 
Published: July 2010

SummaryWe showed previously that electrographic seizures involving dentate granule cells in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures were dramatically reduced following chronic treatment with the NR2B‐selective antagonist, Ro25,6981, but were increased following chronic treatment with the high‐affinity competitive antagonist, D(‐)‐2‐amino‐5‐phosphonopentanoic acid (D‐APV). To begin to investigate the potential mechanisms underlying the differential effects of N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists on seizures, electrophysiologic experiments were conducted in dentate granule cells in hippocampal slice cultures treated for the entire 17–21 day culture period with vehicle, Ro25,6981 or D‐APV. Initial experiments revealed a lack of an association between miniature excitatory postsynaptic current (mEPSC) measures and seizures suggesting that shifts in mEPSC were unlikely to account for the differential effects of D‐APV and Ro25,6981 on seizures. However, the amplitude of tonic NMDAR‐mediated currents was reduced in cultures treated chronically with D‐APV and dramatically enhanced in cultures treated chronically with Ro25,6981. Because tonic NMDAR currents are mediated primarily by extrasynaptic NMDAR, these data show an inverse relationship between changes in extrasynaptic NMDAR function and alterations in seizure expression.
Comorbidity between epilepsy and depression: Experimental evidence for the involvement of serotonergic, glucocorticoid, and neuroinflammatory mechanisms
Authors: Pineda Eduardo , Shin Don , Sankar Raman , Mazarati Andrey M. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryDepression represents one of the most common comorbidities of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), and has profound negative impact on the quality of life of patients with TLE. However, causes and mechanisms of depression in TLE remain poorly understood, and effective therapies are lacking. We examined whether a commonly used model of TLE in rats could be used as a model of comorbidity between epilepsy and depression suitable for both mechanistic studies and for the development of mechanism‐based antidepressant therapies. We established that animals that had been subjected to lithium chloride and pilocarpine status epilepticus (SE) and developed spontaneous recurrent seizures, exhibited a set of impairments congruent with a depressive state: behavioral equivalents of anhedonia and despair, dysregulation of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, and compromised raphe‐hippocampal serotonergic transmission. Pharmacologic studies have suggested that depressive impairments following SE develop as a result of enhanced interleukin‐1β signaling in the hippocampus, which leads to depression via inducing perturbations in the HPA axis and subsequent deficit in the raphe‐hippocampal serotonergic transmission.
The effect of the cannabinoid‐receptor antagonist, SR141716, on the early stage of kainate‐induced epileptogenesis in the adult rat
Authors: Dudek F. Edward , Pouliot Wendy A. , Rossi Christina A. , Staley Kevin J. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryPretreatment with the endocannabinoid‐receptor antagonist, SR141716, has been reported to suppress the long‐lasting hyperexcitability and increased seizure susceptibility present after 30 min of hyperthermia‐induced convulsions in immature rats, an animal model of complex febrile seizures in children, which may be a cause of temporal lobe epilepsy. The present experiments tested the hypothesis that SR141716 suppresses epileptogenesis in the adult kainate model, an animal model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Adult male rats (n = 35), implanted for electroencephalography (EEG) recordings, were treated with kainate. Immediately after the first acute electrographic seizure during kainate‐induced status epilepticus, either vehicle or SR141716 (10 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally. Chronic video‐EEG data were collected for the first 2‐week period after kainate‐induced status epilepticus. More than one‐half of both the vehicle‐ and drug‐treated animals showed spontaneous recurrent seizures. Similarly, mean seizure frequency did not differ significantly for the drug‐ and vehicle‐treated animals during the first 2 weeks (n = 9 and 8, respectively). Therefore, no significant differences were found between SR141716‐treated and control animals during the first 2 weeks of epileptogenesis. These results suggest that the endocannabinoid‐receptor antagonist, SR141716, had no detectable effect on the early stages of epileptogenesis in the adult kainate model. We discuss several potential explanations for the differences in the effects of SR141716 in the adult‐rat, kainate versus immature‐rat, hyperthermia models.
Implications of hormonal and neuroendocrine changes associated with seizures and antiepileptic drugs: A clinical perspective
Authors: Pack Alison M. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryEpilepsy and antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) affect hormones and neuroendocrine systems, which may result in a change in the seizure threshold (catamenial epilepsy) or in comorbidities including sexual dysfunction, reproductive dysfunction, and abnormalities in bone health. Catamenial epilepsy occurs commonly in women with epilepsy. The most commonly reported and studied mechanism proposed to explain why some women have a catamenial seizure exacerbation relates to cyclic changes in reproductive steroid hormones. Women and men with epilepsy have a higher than expected prevalence of sexual dysfunction. The epilepsy syndrome and localization influence the presentation of sexual dysfunction. Reproductive dysfunction occurs in both men and women with epilepsy. As with sexual dysfunction both the epilepsy syndrome and specific AEDs influence the presentation of reproductive dysfunction. Persons with epilepsy have an increased risk of fracture secondary to decreased bone mineral density (BMD), altered bone quality, and a propensity to fall because of either seizures or side effects of medication. Some AEDs are associated with abnormalities in BMD and bone and mineral metabolism.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids and epilepsy
Authors: Taha Ameer Y. , Burnham W. McIntyre , Auvin Stéphane 
Published: July 2010

SummaryOmega‐3 and omega‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are dietary fatty acids that are involved in a myriad of physiologic processes in the brain. There is some evidence suggesting that PUFAs—and particularly omega‐3 PUFAs—may have anticonvulsant effects, both in humans and in animals. In the present review, we assess the evidence related to the antiseizure properties of the n‐3 PUFAs, discuss their possible mechanism(s) of action, and make recommendations for future clinical trials. In general, the available data from cell cultures and whole animal studies support the idea that the n‐3 PUFAs have antiseizure properties. Future clinical trials involving the n‐3 PUFAs should involve higher doses and longer periods of administration in order to definitively assess their possible antiseizure effects.
Effect of a Disease‐Specific Planning Intervention on Surrogate Understanding of Patient Goals for Future Medical Treatment
Authors: Kirchhoff Karin T. , Hammes Bernard J. , Kehl Karen A. , Briggs Linda A. , Brown Roger L. 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether a disease‐specific planning process can improve surrogate understanding of goals of patients with life‐limiting illnesses for future medical treatments.DESIGN: A multisite randomized controlled trial conducted between January 1, 2004 and July 31, 2007.SETTING: Six outpatient clinics of large community or university health systems in three Wisconsin cities.PARTICIPANTS: Competent, English‐speaking adults aged 18 and older with chronic congestive heart failure or chronic renal disease and their surrogate decision‐makers.INTERVENTION: Trained health professionals conducted a structured, patient‐centered interview intended to promote informed decision‐making and to result in the completion of a document clarifying the goals of the patient with regard to four disease‐specific health outcome situations and the degree of decision‐making latitude granted to the surrogate.MEASUREMENTS: Surrogate understanding of patient goals for care with regard to four expected, disease‐specific outcomes situations and of the degree of surrogate latitude in decision‐making.RESULTS: Three hundred thirteen patient–surrogate pairs completed the study. As measured according to kappa scores and in all four situations and in the degree of latitude, intervention group surrogates demonstrated a significantly higher degree of understanding of patient goals than control group surrogates. Intervention group kappa scores ranged from 0.61 to 0.78, whereas control group kappa scores ranged from 0.07 to 0.28.CONCLUSION: Surrogates in the intervention group had a significantly better understanding of patient goals and preferences than surrogates in the control group. This finding is the first step toward ensuring that patient goals for care are known and honored.
Differences in Comorbidities on Low Back Pain and Low Back Related Leg Pain
Authors: Goode Adam , Cook Chad , Brown Christopher , Isaacs Robert , Roman Matthew , Richardson William 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjective:  Investigate the influence of external factors such as depression and BMI among subjects with primary severe low back pain (LBP) and low back related leg pain (LBLP).Background:  The report of disability in patients with LBP may be significantly influenced by confounding and moderating variables. No similar studies have examined the influence of these factors on LBLP.Methods:  This study included 1,448 consecutive subjects referred to a tertiary spine clinic. Unconditional binary logistic regression was used to determine the influence of comorbidities on the relationship between self‐reported back and leg pain. A change in estimate formula was used to quantify this relationship.Results:  Among those subjects with primary LBP the unadjusted odds ratio was 8.58 (95% CI 4.87, 15.10) and when adjusting for BMI, depression and smoking was 5.94 (95% CI 3.04, 11.60) resulting in a 36.7% change due to confounding by these comorbidities. Among those with primary LBLP, the unadjusted odds ratio was 4.49 (95% CI 2.78, 7.27) and when adjusting for BMI and depression was 4.60 (95% CI 2.58, 8.19) resulting in a 1.7% change due to confounding by these comorbidities.Conclusion:  The disability statuses of the patients with primary LBP in this study were more significantly affected by comorbidities of BMI, depression and smoking than patients with report of LBLP. However, these comorbidities contribute little to the relationship of primary low back related leg pain and Oswestry scores ≥ 40.
Absence of acute adverse in‐vitro effects on AS‐1 RBCs and whole blood–derived platelets following prolonged exposure to 13.56 MHz radio energy
Authors: Davis Rodeina , Gottschall Jerome , Gutierrez Alfonso , Hohberger Clive , Veeramani Dharmaraj , Holcombe Jerry 
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND: There is growing interest in radio frequency identification (RFID) technology application for tracking blood products to achieve higher productivity and safety in the transfusion medicine supply chain. We have conducted a limited study to assess the temperature and biological effects of 13.56 MHz RF radiation on RBCs and whole blood–derived platelets (WBDP) under extreme exposure conditions.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Using an FDA‐approved protocol, test units of both RBC and WBDP were subjected to approximately 100 watts of RF energy for an extended duration (23‐25 h) to assess worst‐case effects. Three replications of the test were performed.RESULTS: Hemolysis after 23‐25 hours of RF energy exposure was 0.09% and 0.05%, respectively, for TEST and CONTROL RBC units and well within the ≤1% limit in the FDA‐approved acceptance criteria. For WBDP units, the mean pH of TEST and CONTROL units were 7.27 and 7.19, respectively, following 23‐25 hours of RF energy exposure, and well above the ≥6.2 acceptance limit. Further, there was no detectable acceleration in cellular degradation of RBC and WBDP products. While there was minimal temperature rise, the relative temperature increase between TEST and CONTROL units never exceeded the 1.5°C acceptance criterion.CONCLUSIONS: 13.56 MHz‐based RFID technology is unlikely to have any significant temperature or biological effects on RBC and WBDP units under the normal operating conditions (a maximum of 4 watts RF power exposure for about 20 nonconsecutive minutes for RFID tracking during the life of the blood product).
Organization and management of an accredited specialist in blood bank (SBB) technology program
Authors: Byrne Karen M. , Sheldon Sherry L. , Flegel Willy A. 
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND: Specialists in blood bank (SBBs) technology play important roles in blood banks, transfusion services, regulatory agencies, educational institutions, and other facilities where expertise in blood banking, transfusion medicine, cellular therapy, and tissue transplantation is required.STUDY DESIGN: Review of pathways that qualify applicants for a national examination administered by the American Society of Clinical Pathology (ASCP) to become a certified specialist and outcomes of accredited programs. Description of a face‐to‐face, accredited program including review of management topics included in curriculum.RESULTS: The first examination was administered in 1954. As of December 2009, the total number of certified SBBs was 5124. There are currently 16 accredited SBB programs in the United States. The programs vary in mode of delivery, length of program, number of students accepted, and organization of program officials and faculty, but all must follow specific standards and guidelines in order to be accredited.CONCLUSION: Students who successfully complete SBB programs have a higher passing rate than those who attempt the certification examination and have not participated in a program. Students can choose among a variety of programs that differ widely in the way they are managed. The role of management in an SBB program ranges from attracting and retaining individuals and maintaining an accredited program to finally graduating individuals who not only pass the certification examination but who also confidently contribute to the field.
Validation of short‐term handling and storage conditions for marrow and peripheral blood stem cell products
Authors: Kao Grace S. , Kim Haesook T. , Daley Heather , Ritz Jerome , Burger Scott R. , Kelley Linda , Vierra‐Green Cynthia , Flesch Sue , Spellman Stephen , Miller John , Confer Dennis 
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants from unrelated donors are routinely used in the treatment of patients with hematologic malignancies. These cellular products are often collected off‐site and require transport from the collection site to transplantation centers. However, the effects of transport conditions and media on stem cell graft composition during short‐term storage have not been well described.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Five bone marrow (BM), four filgrastim‐mobilized peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC), and four nonmobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMNC) products were collected from healthy volunteer donors and stored at 4 or 20°C for up to 72 hours in 10% PlasmaLyte A plus anticoagulants such as 10% acid citrate dextran‐A (ACD‐A) and/or 10 IU/mL heparin. Products were evaluated at 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours for cellular content, viability, and metabolic activities.RESULTS: BM products maintained equivalent cell viability when stored at either 4 or 20°C over 72 hours, but cell viability was better maintained for PBSC products stored at 4°C. The mean viable CD34+ cell recovery for PBSC and BM products stored over 72 hours at 4°C was higher than 75%. Significantly lower CD34+ cell and colony‐forming unit recoveries were seen in PBSC products but not BM products stored at room temperature. Faster lactic acid accumulation was observed in PBMNC and PBSC products stored without ACD‐A.CONCLUSIONS: Seventy‐two‐hour storage of BM, PBSC, and PBMNC products at refrigerated temperature maintains optimal cell viability and recovery. Anticoagulation with ACD‐A is preferred over heparin to reduce lactic acid accumulation in the product media.
When pure is not so pure: Chloramine‐related hemolytic anemia in home hemodialysis patients
Authors: JUNGLEE Naushad A. , RAHMAN Saeed U. , WILD Mike , WILMS Anke , HIRST Sarah , JIBANI Mahdi , SEALE Jim R. C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWorldwide, chloramines are used as the preferred disinfectant for city water supplies. Although they have distinct advantages compared with chlorine and are deemed harmless to the general population, hemodialysis (HD) patients are at risk from chloramine‐induced hemolytic anemia. In recent years, this has been highlighted in regional dialysis units but not as frequently in the home HD group. We report on 2 home HD patients who succumbed to severe oxidative hemolysis due to high mains water chloramine concentrations. Both patients were extensively investigated for other cause of anemia before a definitive diagnosis was reached. Delays in diagnosing this uncommon condition can be costly in terms of significant morbidity and excessive usage of recombinant erythropoietin and blood transfusion. Prevention primarily involves enforcing strict water quality control and establishing regular communication with water supply boards and home HD patients. Double (inline) carbon filters should be installed in patient's homes as an effective means for removing high incoming chloramine concentrations.
Odour masking of tomato volatiles by coriander volatiles in host plant selection of Bemisia tabaci biotype B
Authors: Togni Pedro H. B. , Laumann Raúl A. , Medeiros Maria A. , Sujii Edison R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is one of the most important pest insects in tomato crop systems worldwide. It has been previously demonstrated that intercropping tomato [Solanum lycopersicum L. Mill. (Solanaceae)] with coriander [Coriandrum sativum L. (Apiaceae)] reduces the incidence and severity of damage caused by B. tabaci. However, it is not yet known how coriander affects the insect′s behaviour. We evaluated the attractiveness of tomato constitutive volatiles to B. tabaci and what effect coriander constitutive volatiles have on the insect′s behaviour. To this end, we conducted three bioassays in a multiple‐choice four‐arm olfactometer (‘×’ type), measuring B. tabaci behaviour when offered tomato and coriander constitutive volatiles presented alone as well as together. We also evaluated the colonisation and establishment of B. tabaci in experimental plots with only single tomato plants and tomatoes intercropped with coriander in a greenhouse. Bemisia tabaci males and females recognised tomato constitutive volatiles as a positive stimulus (kairomonal effect), indicating that semiochemicals from this plant can play an important role in the insect’s host plant selection. Coriander constitutive volatiles reduced the attractiveness of tomato volatiles but no repellency to these volatiles was observed. Greater numbers of adults and nymphs of B. tabaci per plant were observed in tomato monoculture plots than in tomato intercropped with coriander. We suggest that coriander constitutive volatiles have an odour masking effect on tomato volatiles, thus interfering in the host plant selection of B. tabaci.
Effects of putrescine on diapause induction and intensity, and post‐diapause development of Helicoverpa armigera
Authors: Wu Sheng‐Bing , Wang Man‐Qun , Zhang Guoan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEffects of putrescine on diapause induction and intensity, and post‐diapause development in Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Wuhan, Hubei, China were studied in the laboratory at different temperatures and photoperiod conditions. The results showed a generally higher incidence of diapause in putrescine‐feeding groups. Putrescine feeding distinctly restricted the development of non‐diapause‐destined and diapause‐destined larvae, except at 0.01% putrescine concentration, which accelerated the development of larvae at 21 °C. Putrescine had no significant effect on the duration of diapause, although it inhibited the post‐diapause development of pupae. Photoperiod played a different role in diapause induction and post‐diapause development between 21 and 23 °C. Putrescine played a definite role in diapause induction and intensity, and post‐diapause development in H. armigera, and a significant interaction between putrescine, photophase, and temperature is to be expected.
Impact of spinosad on ichneumonid‐parasitized Choristoneura rosaceana larvae and subsequent parasitoid emergence
Authors: Cossentine J.E. , Zurowski C.L. , Smirle M.J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe impact of low levels of spinosad on the obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana Harris (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and the koinobiont endoparasitoid, Apophua simplicipes Cresson (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), was assessed when the parasitoid was in the larval stage within second‐ and fourth‐instar hosts. These are developmental stages that would be exposed to spring orchard treatments of the insecticide. Oral spinosad LC50 levels for unparasitized obliquebanded leafroller hosts were <1% of the recommended orchard treatment levels. Apophua simplicipes survival was significantly reduced within parasitized spinosad‐treated second‐ and fourth‐instar larval hosts. Both the leafroller host and parasitoid were much more susceptible (ca. 65‐fold) to spinosad when larval hosts fed on spinosad‐treated leaf material as opposed to being treated topically. When hosts were exposed to extremely low doses of spinosad, a small percentage of parasitoids was able to survive to emerge as adults. These laboratory trials predict that applications of spinosad may reduce biological control of C. rosaceana populations by ichneumonid endoparasitoids developing within treated hosts.