bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One TV, One Price?*
Authors: Imbs Jean M. , Mumtaz Haroon , Ravn Morten O. , Rey Hélène 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe study television prices across European countries and regions. Quality as measured by observable characteristics of televisions accounts for a large share of the international dispersion in prices. Rich economies tend to consume higher‐quality goods, but sizeable international price differentials exist even for identical televisions. The valuation of brands differs significantly across borders. EMU countries display lower price dispersion but not necessarily because of the single currency. Absolute price differentials and relative price volatility increase with exchange rate volatility, but not with transport costs. Exchange rate pass‐through is low in the short run but high in the long run.
CREATIONISM IN THE NETHERLANDS
Authors: Blancke Stefaan 
Published: November 2010

AbstractRecent events indicate that creationists are becoming increasingly active in the Netherlands. This article offers an overview of these events. First, I discuss the introduction of intelligent‐design (ID) creationism into the Dutch public sphere by a renowned physicist, Cees Dekker. Later, Dekker himself shifted toward a more evolution‐friendly position, theistic evolution. Second, we see how Dekker was followed in this shift by Andries Knevel, an important figure within the Dutch evangelical broadcasting group, the Evangelische Omroep (EO). His conversion to ID, and subsequently to theistic evolution, brought him into conflict with young‐Earth creationists who still strongly identify themselves with the EO. Third, provoked by the dissidence of prominent orthodox believers and the celebrations surrounding the Darwin year, young‐Earth creationists became very visible. After three decades of relative silence, they started a project to make sure that the Dutch people would hear of the “alternatives” to evolutionary theory. This article (1) adds to the growing number of reports on creationists' increased activity in Europe and (2) suggests that ID, in a context different from the United States, did not unite but rather divided the Dutch orthodox Protestant community.
THE FUTURE OF THE BUDDHIST PAST: A RESPONSE TO THE READERS
Authors: Lopez Donald S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractI respond to comments offered by Peter Harrison and Thupten Jinpa on my book Buddhism and Science: A Guide for the Perplexed (2008). I report briefly on the reception of the book thus far and provide a summary of its contents before responding individually to the essays of Harrison and Jinpa.
AN EVOLVING VISION OF GOD: THE THEOLOGY OF JOHN F. HAUGHT
Authors: Schaab Gloria L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe theology of God in the scholarship of John Haught exemplifies rigor, resourcefulness, and creativity in response to ever‐evolving worldviews. Haught presents insightful and plausible ways in which to speak about the mystery of God in a variety of contexts while remaining steadfastly grounded in the Christian tradition. This essay explores Haught's proposals through three of his selected lenses—human experience, the informed universe, and evolutionary cosmology—and highlights two areas for further theological development.
JOHN HAUGHT—FINDING CONSONANCE BETWEEN RELIGION AND SCIENCE
Authors: Michaud Ann M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractJohn Haught has awarded the debates between religion (Christianity in particular) and science a central place in his ongoing corpus of work. Seeking to encourage and enhance the conversation, Haught both critiques current positions and offers his own perspective as a potential ground for continuing the discussion in a fruitful manner. This essay considers Haught's primary criticisms of the voices on both sides of the debate which his work connotes as polarizing or conflating the debate. It also extrudes from Haught's work themes that provide alternative visions. The essay concludes with two questions for further consideration.
ONLINE BUDDHIST AND CHRISTIAN RESPONSES TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Authors: Tamatea Laurence 
Published: November 2010

AbstractI report the findings of a comparative analysis of online Christian and Buddhist responses to artificial intelligence. I review the Buddhist response and compare it with the Christian response outlined in an earlier essay (Tamatea 2008). The discussion seeks to answer two questions: Which approach to imago Dei informs the online Buddhist response to artificial intelligence? And to what extent does the preference for a particular approach emerge from a desire to construct the Self? The conclusion is that, like the Christian response, the Buddhist response is grounded not so much in the reality of AI as it is in the discursive constructions of AI made available through Buddhist cosmology, which (paradoxically), like the Christian response, are deployed in defense of the Self, despite claimed adherence to the notion of anatta, or non‐Self.
THE POPULAR APPEAL OF APOCALYPTIC AI
Authors: Geraci Robert M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe belief that computers will soon become transcendently intelligent and that human beings will “upload” their minds into machines has become ubiquitous in public discussions of robotics and artificial intelligence in Western cultures. Such beliefs are the result of pervasive Judaeo‐Christian apocalyptic beliefs, and they have rapidly spread through modern pop and technological culture, including such varied and influential sources asRolling Stone, theIEEE Spectrum, and official United States government reports. They have gained sufficient credibility to enable the construction of Singularity University in California. While different approaches are possible (and, indeed, are common in Japan and possibly elsewhere), this particular vision of artificial intelligence and robotics has gained ground in the West through the influence of figures such as Hans Moravec and Ray Kurzweil. Because pop‐science books help frame public discussion of new sciences and technologies for individuals, corporations, and governments alike, the integration of religious and technoscientific claims made by their authors should be clear and open for public and scientific debate. As we move forward into an increasingly robotic future, we should do so aware of the ways in which a group's religious environment can help set the tone for public acceptance and use of robotic technologies.
24‐hour rhythm to the onset of term and preterm labour in twin pregnancies
Authors: Rabindran R , Kanwar S , Lindow SW 
Published: November 2010

Please cite this paper as: Rabindran R, Kanwar S, Lindow S. 24‐hour rhythm to the onset of term and preterm labour in twin pregnancies. BJOG 2010;117:1656–1657.The objective of this study is to describe the time of onset of contractions in twin pregnancies that result in delivery, so as to investigate whether there is a diurnal influence. A UK maternity department database was used to identify twin deliveries over a 5‐year period, and the time of onset of labour was retrieved from these records. Two hundred and eleven women with spontaneous onset of labour in twin pregnancies were studied. A significant diurnal rhythm in the timing of contractions was noted, with 45% of deliveries occurring in labour that commenced between midnight and 08.00 hours. This periodicity is similar for twin pregnancies that end in preterm (24–36 weeks of gestation; χ2 = 17.2; P < 0.01) or term deliveries (37–40 weeks of gestation; χ2 = 13; P < 0.05). The periodicity of onset of labour in multiple pregnancies demonstrates a similar rhythm to singleton pregnancies, where labour most commonly begins between midnight and 08.00 hours.
Coming to terms with English in Denmark: discursive constructions of a language contact situation
Authors: Thøgersen Jacob 
Published: November 2010

This paper presents an investigation of Danes' attitudes towards English through qualitative interviews. Denmark, like most other countries in the so‐called Western world, is under significant linguistic and cultural influence from (American) English. In this paper, I analyse how Danes come to terms with that. Most striking is the great uniformity in the discourses through which English is constructed on the one hand as the default language of the world, on the other as a sign of modernity. An important by‐product of the investigation is that it reveals how attitudes are constructed in situ during the conversation between interviewer and interviewee. The paper thus takes a stance in the ongoing debate concerning the validity of ‘standardized’ vs. ‘conversational’ interviewing.I denne artikel præsenteres en undersøgelse der søgte at afdække danskeres holdninger til engelsk gennem kvalitative interview. Danmark, som de fleste andre lande i den såkaldte vestlige verden, er under en betydelig sproglig og kulturel indflydelse fra (amerikansk) engelsk. I denne artikel analyserer jeg hvordan danskere opfatter dette. Det mest slående er den store ensartethed i de diskurser som bruges til at konstruere engelsk som dels ‘verdens defaultsprog’, dels ‘et tegn på modernitet’. En vigtig sidegevinst ved undersøgelsen er at den viser hvordan ‘holdninger’ konstrueres i den interaktionelle situation mellem en interviewer og en informant. Artiklen indskriver sig således i den verserende debat angående validiteten af ‘standardiseret’ over for ‘konversationel’ interviewpraksis.
Factors affecting teachers' beliefs about interculturalism
Authors: Llurda Enric , Lasagabaster David 
Published: November 2010

Cultural diversity in the classrooms is a relatively recent phenomenon in Spain, but teachers and students alike have had to go through an adaptation to the new sociological situation brought about by the immigration wave of the last ten years. Schools, especially public ones, have incorporated a great number of students who were born and have spent most of their lives abroad, and who therefore bring a set of values, cultures and languages that may differ from the dominant ones in the local communities. This paper reports on the results obtained through a questionnaire focused on language learning and interculturalism issues and which was addressed to both in‐service and pre‐service secondary education teachers and implemented in two Spanish bilingual towns: Vitoria‐Gasteiz in the Basque Country and Lleida in Catalonia. Although the participants agreed on the importance of intercultural education, differences were observed between in‐service and pre‐service teachers on a practical‐idealistic dimension, and language teachers displayed more positive views towards interculturalism than teachers of other subjects.La presencia de diversidad cultural es un fenómeno relativamente reciente en las aulas españolas, por lo que durante los últimos diez años tanto el profesorado como el alumnado han tenido que experimentar un proceso de adaptación a esta nueva situación sociológica. En las escuelas, especialmente en las públicas, se ha ido produciendo la incorporación de un gran número de estudiantes nacidos (y que han pasado la mayor parte de su vida) en el extranjero, y que por lo tanto llegan con una serie de valores, lenguas y culturas que difieren de los dominantes en la comunidad receptora. En este estudio se presentan los resultados obtenidos por medio de un cuestionario centrado en el aprendizaje de lenguas y en cuestiones relativas a la interculturalidad que fue cumplimentado tanto por profesorado en formación como por profesorado en activo de dos ciudades: Vitoria‐Gasteiz en el País Vasco y Lleida en Cataluña. Los resultados ilustran las percepciones existentes hacia el aprendizaje de lenguas y la interculturalidad en las escuelas.
Evaluating the intonation of non‐native speakers of English using a computerized test battery
Authors: Setter Jane , Stojanovik Vesna , Martínez‐Castilla Pastora 
Published: November 2010

This study investigates the intonation of Chinese and Arabic learners of English using the computerized test battery Profiling Elements of Prosody for Speech and Communication (PEPS‐C). The aims were to ascertain which aspects of intonation are difficult for these learners, and to determine whether PEPS‐C can be used to assess the intonation of adult learners. Although some results were significantly different from native‐speaker data, raw scores showed that the learner groups performed well in most tasks, which may indicate that the learners' level is too high for the PEPS‐C to be useful. However, the PEPS‐C did reveal that Arabic learners performed significantly worse at contrastive stress placement, and Chinese learners performed significantly worse assessing likes and dislikes.Este trabajo evalúa, mediante la batería informatizada Profiling Elements of Prosody for Speech and Communication (PEPS‐C), la entonación de aprendices de inglés cuya lengua nativa es chino o árabe. Los objetivos fueron clarificar en quéáreas entonativas presentan dificultad tales aprendices y determinar si PEPS‐C resulta útil como método de evaluación de la entonación de aprendices adultos. El rendimiento de los aprendices fue adecuado en la mayoría de las tareas, lo que podría indicar que su nivel era demasiado alto para que la batería resultara discriminativa. Sin embargo, la batería también arrojó diferencias significativas respecto a hablantes nativos de inglés: peores resultados en el uso del acento contrastivo y en la función prosódica emocional en los hablantes de árabe y de chino respectivamente.
Protein isoprenylation regulates osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells: effect of alendronate, and farnesyl and geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitors
Authors: Duque G , Vidal C , Rivas D 
Published: November 2010

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Protein isoprenylation is an important step in the intracellular signalling pathway conducting cell growth and differentiation. In bone, protein isoprenylation is required for osteoclast differentiation and activation. However, its role in osteoblast differentiation and function remains unknown. In this study, we assessed the role of protein isoprenylation in osteoblastogenesis in a model of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) differentiation.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We tested the effect of an inhibitor of farnesylation [farnesyl transferase inhibitor‐277 (FTI‐277)] and one of geranylgeranylation [geranylgeranyltransferase inhibitor‐298 (GGTI‐298)] on osteoblast differentiating MSC. In addition, we tested the effect of alendronate on protein isoprenylation in this model either alone or in combination with other inhibitors of isoprenylation.KEY RESULTS Initially, we found that levels of unfarnesylated proteins (prelamin A and HDJ‐2) increased after treatment with FTI‐277 concomitantly affecting osteoblastogenesis and increasing nuclear morphological changes without affecting cell survival. Furthermore, inhibition of geranylgeranylation by GGTI‐298 alone increased osteoblastogenesis. This effect was enhanced by the combination of GGTI‐298 and alendronate in the osteogenic media.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our data indicate that both farnesylation and geranylgeranylation play a role in osteoblastogenesis. In addition, a new mechanism of action for alendronate on protein isoprenylation in osteogenic differentiating MSC in vitro was found. In conclusion, protein isoprenylation is an important component of the osteoblast differentiation process that could constitute a new therapeutic target for osteoporosis in the future.
Detection of Helicobacteraceae in Intestinal Biopsies of Children with Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Kaakoush Nadeem O. , Holmes Julie , Octavia Sophie , Man Si Ming , Zhang Li , Castaño‐Rodríguez Natalia , Day Andrew S. , Leach Steven T. , Lemberg Daniel A. , Dutt Shoma , Stormon Michael , O’Loughlin Edward V. , Magoffin Annabel , Mitchell Hazel 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground:  Given that members of Helicobacteraceae family colonize the intestinal mucus layer, it has been hypothesized that they may play a role in Crohn’s disease. This study investigated the presence of Helicobacteraceae DNA in biopsies collected from children with Crohn’s disease and controls.Materials and Methods:  The presence of Helicobacteraceae DNA was investigated in intestinal biopsies collected from 179 children undergoing colonoscopy (Crohn’s disease n = 77, controls n = 102) using a Helicobacteraceae‐specific PCR.Results:  Members of the Helicobacteraceae were detected in 32/77 children with Crohn’s disease (41.5%) and 23/102 controls (22.5%). Statistical analysis showed the prevalence of Helicobacteraceae detected in patients to be significantly higher than that in controls (p = .0062). Analysis of non‐pylori Helicobacteraceae showed that their prevalence was also significantly higher in patients than in controls (p = .04). Helicobacter pylori was detected in 14.0% of the biopsies across all groups. Given that all children tested were negative for gastric H. pylori, this was a surprising finding. Phylogenetic analysis of H. pylori sequences detected in the biopsies showed that the H. pylori strains identified in the patients did not group with gastric H. pylori included in the analysis, but rather with other H. pylori strains detected in the intestine, gall bladder, and liver.Conclusions: The higher prevalence of Helicobacteraceae DNA in Crohn’s disease patients would suggest that members of this family may be involved in this disease. In addition, phylogenetic analysis of H. pylori strains showed that extragastric sequences clustered together, indicating that different H. pylori strains may adapt to colonize extragastric niches.
Sequential Metronidazole‐Furazolidone or Clarithromycin‐Furazolidone Compared to Clarithromycin‐Based Quadruple Regimens for the Eradication of Helicobacter pylori in Peptic Ulcer Disease: A Double‐Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Riahizadeh Saghi , Malekzadeh Reza , Agah Shahram , Zendehdel Nasrin , Sotoudehmanesh Rasoul , Ebrahimi‐Dariani Naser , Pourshams Akram , Vahedi Homayoon , Mikaeli Javad , Khatibian Morteza , Massarrat Sadegh 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground:  Furazolidone is a much cheaper drug with a very low resistance against Helicobacter pylori compared to clarithromycin. We aim to evaluate safety and efficacy of a sequential furazolidone‐based regimen versus clarithromycin‐based therapy in H. pylori eradication for ulcer disease.Materials:  Patients with proven peptic ulcer or duodenitis were randomized into three groups: OAB‐M‐F; metronidazole (M) (500 mg bid) for the first 5 days, followed by furazolidone (F) (200 mg bid) for the second 5 days; OAC‐P; clarithromycin (C) (500 mg bid) for 10 days; and OAB‐C‐F; clarithromycin (500 mg bid) for the first 5 days and furazolidone (200 mg bid) for the second 5 days. All groups received omeprazole (O) (20 mg bid) and amoxicillin (A) (1 g bid). Groups OAB‐M‐F and OAB‐C‐F were also given bismuth subcitrate (B) (240 mg bid), whereas a placebo (P) was given to group OAC‐P. Adverse events were scored and recorded. Two months after treatment, a C13‐urea breath test was performed.Results:  Three hundred and ten patients were enrolled and 92 (OAB‐M‐F), 95 (OAC‐P), and 98 (OAB‐C‐F) completed the study. The intention‐to‐treat eradication rates were 78.5% (95% CI = 69–85), 81.1% (95% CI = 73–88), and 82% (95% CI = 74–89), and per‐protocol eradication rates were 91.3% (95% CI = 83–96), 90.4% (95% CI = 82–95), and 88.7% (95% CI = 81–94), for group OAB‐M‐F, OAC‐P, and OAB‐C‐F, respectively. Eradication rate differences did not reach statistical significance. The most common adverse event, bad taste, occurred in all groups, but more frequently in groups OAC‐P (34%) and OAB‐C‐F (32%), than OAB‐M‐F (14%) (p < .05). Adverse symptoms score were 0.88 ± 2.05 in group OAB‐M‐F, 1.15 ± 1.40 in group OAC‐P, and 1.87 ± 1.62 in group OAB‐C‐F.Conclusion:  Furazolidone can replace clarithromycin in H. pylori eradication regimens because of lack of development of resistance and very low cost.
Strategy for Eliminating Gastric Cancer in Japan
Authors: Asaka Masahiro , Kato Mototsugu , Graham David Y. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA study conducted by the Japan Gast Study Group showed that eradication of Helicobacter pylori reduced the risk of gastric cancer by about one‐third. However, it did not completely prevent the onset of latent gastric cancer among those at high risk (i.e., with atrophic gastritis). To prevent deaths from gastric cancer, it is necessary to eradicate H. pylori infection. We propose a program of risk stratification based on the presence of H. pylori infection with or without atrophic gastritis followed by targeted interventions. Those at no risk for gastric cancer (no H. pylori, no atrophic gastritis) need no therapy or follow‐up. Those at low risk (H. pylori infected, nonatrophic gastritis) need only H. pylori eradication therapy. The smaller groups at high or very high risk need eradication and cancer surveillance. We estimated the costs and the benefits of this strategy. Gastric cancer screening by simultaneous measurement of serum pepsinogen and H. pylori antibody combined with eradication of H. pylori in all individuals at risk would initially increase national healthcare expenditure, but this would be offset by markedly reducing the cost of treating gastric cancer. The proposed strategy should prevent about 150,000 deaths from gastric cancer during the 5 years after its adoption. If the loss caused by these deaths is also taken into account, the economic effect of this strategy becomes enormous. It would probably reduce the incidence of gastric cancer by more than 80–90% within 10 years. The Japanese government should take the initiative to implement this strategy as soon as possible.
Seroprevalence Rates of Helicobacter pylori and Viral Hepatitis A among Adolescents in Three Regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Is There Any Correlation?
Authors: Al Faleh Faleh Z. , Ali Safiyya , Aljebreen Abdulrahman M. , Alhammad Elwalled , Abdo Ayman A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground:  The seroprevalence rate of Helicobacter pylori in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) was reported to be in the range of 50–80% among mostly symptomatic patients in non‐community‐based studies. However, the seroprevalence of viral hepatitis A (HAV) underwent a marked decline in the last two decades from over 50% in 1989 to 25% in 1997 among Saudi children under the age of 12 years. The aim of this paper was to study seroprevalence rates of H. pylori and HAV among the adolescent population in three regions of KSA and to determine whether there was any correlation between them.Materials and methods:  We randomly selected 1200 16–18‐year‐old students from three regions around KSA. Demographic data, including socioeconomic status (SES), were recorded, and each student was tested for the presence of H. pylori‐IgG antibodies and anti‐HAV‐IgG.Results:  The results indicate a high H. pylori infection rate (47%) among this age group. Boys had a higher prevalence than girls (p = .03), and the Al‐Qaseem region had the highest prevalence (51%, p = .002). SES did not contribute to the high prevalence rates (p = .83). A cross‐tabulation of data showed that 88 (8%) of the teenagers were seropositive and that 512 (44%) were negative for both H. pylori and HAV antibodies (χ2 = 0.03, OR = 0.97, CI = 0.70–1.34). The agreement between H. pylori and HAV seropositivity was lower than would be predicted by chance (κ = −0.03). The variables that were independently associated with seropositivity to H. pylori were being female (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.60–0.95) and living in the Madinah region (OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.55–0.94).Conclusion:  The prevalence of H. pylori in this group of adolescents was high. However, there was no correlation between H. pylori and HAV infection rates. Hence, factors contributing to the transmission source and route seem to be different.