bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Realistic Geomechanical Modeling of Hydraulic Fracturing in fractured Reservoir Rock
Authors: Alassi Haitham Tayseer , Holt Rune , Nes Olav-Magnar , Pradhan Srutarshi 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
A numerical technique based on discrete element method is presented in this paper to model failure in reservoir rock. The technique is considered as a geomechanical method which is coupled with a fluid flow simulator based on finite volume method. The two coupled methods are viewed as a tool that can model hydraulic fracturing in intact and naturally fractured rocks. Plasticity model is also included to represent rock brittleness, where a simple numerical test is performed to show a direct effect of plasticity. Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) model is coupled with the tool to represent the natural fractures in reservoir rocks, where modeling of some injection scenarios with different DFN densities are given.
Medicaid and Wealth: A Re-Examination
Authors: Gittleman Maury 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Do public insurance programs crowd out private savings? I examine the relationship between Medicaid and wealth and make a contribution to the literature on this issue in two primary ways. First, I apply the instrumental-variables approach developed by Gruber and Yelowitz (1999) to a different dataset, the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979 (NLSY79), while at the same time examining an alternative instrument. The results turn out to differ depending on the instrument and, for one of the instruments, to be sensitive to assumptions needed to identify Medicaid’s effects. Second, I make use of the SIPP data employed by Gruber and Yelowitz themselves, and examine the sensitivity of their conclusions to omitted factors that may be related to both Medicaid eligibility and to wealth accumulation. While more robust than the results using the NLSY79, the SIPP estimates are found to depend both on the sample used and on certain specification restrictions. Taken together, the results suggest caution in making inferences about the impact of Medicaid on wealth.
Strategic Analysis and Auditor Risk Judgments
Authors: Kochetova-Kozloski Natalia , Messier William F. 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARY
The study investigates whether and how senior auditors' strategic analysis of a client affects their identification of significant business and financial statement risks, and their risk assessments. Sixty-seven senior auditors participated in an experiment that examined the effect of analyzing two aspects of strategic analysis (strategic positioning and the strategy implementation process) against performing no strategic analysis. An expert panel of senior managers was used to develop a benchmark for comparison purposes. Our results show that (1) auditors who performed guided strategic analysis did not identify more significant business and financial statement risks than auditors who did not perform strategic analysis, (2) senior auditors who performed strategic analysis of strategic positioning or the strategy implementation process assessed risk of material misstatement at the entity level more consistently with an expert panel than auditors who did not perform such an analysis, and (3) senior auditors' analysis of the client's strategy implementation process was associated with assessments of the strength of the control environment that were more consistent with the expert panel than assessments done by auditors who did not perform any strategic analysis or who performed only an analysis of strategic positioning.
Data Availability: Contact the first author.
Assessing Risk with Analytical Procedures: Do Systems-Thinking Tools Help Auditors Focus on Diagnostic Patterns?
Authors: O'Donnell Ed , Perkins Jon D. 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARY
This study investigated whether auditors who used a diagram designed around systems-thinking principles to acquire information for analytical procedures would focus more on patterns of changes in accounts and assess misstatement risk differently than auditors who used an informationally equivalent diagram organized by business-process categories. During a laboratory experiment, experienced auditors performed analytical procedures using one of two alternative diagrams. Participants documented their concerns about misstatement risk and rated the diagnostic relevance of information about patterns of changes in accounts. Auditors who used the systems-thinking tool focused more on diagnostic patterns of fluctuations in accounts and came to different conclusions about risk.
Data Availability: Data will be made available by the authors upon request.
Does Time Constraint Lead to Poorer Audit Performance? Effects of Forewarning of Impending Time Constraints and Instructions
Authors: Low Kin-Yew , Tan Hun-Tong 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARY
We conduct an experiment to investigate the effects of early versus late warning of impending time constraints, as well as the presence of instructions to think out of the box on auditors' time-constrained performance. We find that forewarning auditors during audit planning of impending time constraints (i.e., early warning) leads to better time-constrained performance on an inventory task. The incremental benefit of warning is greater when auditors are explicitly instructed to think out of the box. We find that the mechanism by which the joint effects of forewarning and instructions improve auditors' performance is via their allocation of time to effective audit tests that enable them to meet the audit objectives.
Attainment of Inactive Disease Status Following Initiation of TNF-α Inhibitor Therapy for Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Enthesitis-related Arthritis Predicts Persistent Active Disease
Authors: DONNITHORNE KATHERINE J. , CRON RANDY Q. , BEUKELMAN TIMOTHY 
Published: November 2011

Objective.To analyze the attainment of inactive disease following initiation of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitors in a heterogeneous cohort of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).Methods.We performed retrospective chart review of all children with JIA at 1 academic center who had started TNF-α inhibitor therapy. We retrospectively determined inactive disease status according to the 2004 criteria of Wallace,et al. We evaluated inactive disease status at 1 year after initiation of TNF-α inhibitor and attainment of inactive disease at any point during the study period. Predictors of inactive disease were determined using univariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression models.Results.A total of 125 patients started TNF-α inhibitors, and 88 patients had data available for the 1-year followup visit. Many patients (49%) started TNF-α inhibitors within 6 months of the diagnosis of JIA. Diverse JIA phenotypes were represented: at baseline, 29% of all patients had active enthesitis and only 23% had active polyarthritis. At the 1-year followup, 36 of 88 (41%) patients had inactive disease. Overall, 67 of 125 (54%) patients ever attained inactive disease status during the study period. In multivariable models, enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) and higher Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) scores at baseline were independently associated with failure to later attain inactive disease status.Conclusion.Treatment with TNF-α inhibitors appears to be less effective for attaining inactive disease status in patients with ERA or higher baseline CHAQ scores. Further studies are needed regarding the clinical effectiveness of TNF-α inhibitor therapy and the optimal treatment of ERA.
Sex Differences in Response to Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy in Early and Established Rheumatoid Arthritis — Results from the DANBIO Registry
Authors: JAWAHEER DAMINI , OLSEN JØRN , HETLAND MERETE LUND 
Published: November 2011

Objective.To investigate sex differences in response to anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) therapy over time in early versus established rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods.Patients with RA who initiated anti-TNF therapy between January 2003 and June 2008 in Denmark were selected from the DANBIO Registry. Sex differences in baseline disease features were examined using chi-square, Mann-Whitney U tests, and t tests. Using a generalized estimating equations (GEE) model for repeated measures, we examined European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) responses in men and women over 48 months of followup, adjusting for baseline values of age, 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28), disease duration, and anti-TNF, methotrexate, and prednisolone use.Results.At initiation of anti-TNF therapy (baseline), 328 women and 148 men had early RA (≤ 2 yrs), and 1245 women and 408 men had established RA (> 2 yrs). In both early and established RA, men and women had active disease with similar DAS28 scores (mean ± SD 5.2 ± 1.1), physician global scores, swollen joint counts, and radiographic changes. In early RA, men were significantly more likely to achieve a EULAR good/moderate response over 48 months compared to women (GEE; p = 0.003), and a significant interaction between sex and followup time (GEE; p < 0.0005) suggested that men achieved this response sooner than women.Conclusion.Better responses to anti-TNF therapy among men compared to women in early but not established RA suggest that disease duration at initiation of therapy may be an important factor to consider when investigating sex differences in treatment responses.
Glucosamine Sulfate Reduces Prostaglandin E2Production in Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes Through Inhibition of Microsomal PGE Synthase-1
Authors: KAPOOR MOHIT , MINEAU FRANÇOIS , FAHMI HASSAN , PELLETIER JEAN-PIERRE , MARTEL-PELLETIER JOHANNE 
Published: November 2011

Objective.Glucosamine sulfate (GS) has been inferred to have a potential antiinflammatory effect on osteoarthritis (OA). We investigated its effect on prostaglandin E2(PGE2) in human OA chondrocytes, and the level in the PGE2pathway at which its effect takes place.Methods.We investigated the effect of GS treatment (0.05, 0.2, 1.0, and 2.0 mM) in OA chondrocytes in the absence or presence of interleukin 1ß (IL-1ß; 100 pg/ml). We determined the expression levels and protein production/activity of PGE2, cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), COX-2, microsomal PGE synthase-1 (mPGES-1), glutathione, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), using specific primers, antibodies, and assays.Results.GS treatment at 1 and 2 mM significantly inhibited (p ≤ 0.03) production of endogenous and IL-1ß-induced PGE2. GS in both the absence and presence of IL-1ß did not significantly modulate COX-1 protein production, but GS at 1 and 2 mM demonstrated a decrease in COX-2 glycosylation in that it reduced the molecular mass of COX-2 synthesis. Under IL-1ß stimulation, GS significantly inhibited mPGES-1 messenger RNA expression and synthesis at 1 and 2 mM (p ≤ 0.02) as well as the activity of glutathione (p ≤ 0.05) at 2 mM. Finally, in both the absence and presence of IL-1ß, PPARγ was significantly induced by GS at 1 and 2 mM (p ≤ 0.03).Conclusion.Our data document the potential mode of action of GS in reducing the catabolism of OA cartilage. GS inhibits PGE2synthesis through reduction in the activity of COX-2 and the production and activity of mPGES-1. These findings may, in part, explain the mechanisms by which this drug exerts its positive effect on OA pathophysiology.
Pain Thresholds in Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Effect of Tender Point Counts and Disease Duration
Authors: POLLARD LOUISE C. , IBRAHIM FOWZIA , CHOY ERNEST H. , SCOTT DAVID L. 
Published: November 2011

Objective.We evaluated the influence of demographic and clinical factors on pain thresholds in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods.A cross-sectional observational study (105 patients with RA) assessed pain thresholds using an algometer. Regression analysis examined the influence of demographic and clinical assessments.Results.Pain thresholds (median 289, interquartile range 89–434) correlated with assessments of disease activity (tender joint counts), disability (Health Assessment Questionnaire), fatigue, depression, and anxiety. Ordinal logistic regression showed tender point counts and disease duration were the dominant contributors.Conclusion.These findings suggest that low pain thresholds reflect “fibromyalgic” RA (many tender points) and central pain sensitization with prolonged disease duration.
ANKHand Susceptibility to and Severity of Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: PIMENTEL-SANTOS FERNANDO MANUEL , LIGEIRO DARIO , MATOS MAFALDA , MOURÃO ANA FILIPA , VIEIRA de SOUSA ELSA , PINTO PATRICIA , RIBEIRO ANA , SANTOS HELENA , BARCELOS ANABELA , GODINHO FATIMA , CRUZ MARGARIDA , FONSECA JOAO EURICO , GUEDES-PINTO HENRIQUE , TRINDADE HELDER , BROWN MATTHEW A. , BRANCO JAIME C. ,   The CORPOREA Study Group
Published: November 2011

Objective.Unconfirmed reports describe association of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) with several candidate genes includingANKH. Cellular export of inorganic pyrophosphate is regulated by the ANK protein, and mutant mice (ank/ank), which have a premature stop codon in the 3’ end of theankgene, develop severe ankylosis. We tested the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in these genes and susceptibility to AS in a population of patients with AS. We investigated the role of these genes in terms of functional (BASFI) and metrological (BASMI) measures, and the association with radiological severity (mSASSS).Methods.Our study was conducted on 355 patients with AS and 95 ethnically matched healthy controls. AS was defined according to the modified New York criteria. Four SNP inANKH(rs27356, rs26307, rs25957, and rs28006) were genotyped. Association analysis was performed using Cochrane-Armitage and linear regression tests for dichotomous and quantitative variables. Analyses of Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), BASFI, and mSASSS were controlled for sex and disease duration.Results.None of the 4 markers showed significant single-locus disease associations (p > 0.05), suggesting thatANKHwas not a major determinant of AS susceptibility in our population. No association was observed between these SNP and age at symptom onset, BASDAI, BASFI, BASMI, or mSASSS.Conclusion.These results confirm data in white Europeans thatANKHis probably not a major determinant of susceptibility to AS.ANKHpolymorphisms do not markedly influence AS disease severity, as measured by BASMI and mSASSS.
Persistent Fetal Sinus Bradycardia Associated with Maternal Anti-SSA/Ro and Anti-SSB/La Antibodies
Authors: CHOCKALINGAM PRIYA , JAEGGI EDGAR T. , RAMMELOO LUKAS A. , HAAK MONIQUE C. , ADAMA van SCHELTEMA PHEBE N. , BREUR JOHANNES M.P.J. , BARTELINGS MARGOT M. , CLUR SALLY-ANN B. , BLOM NICO A. 
Published: November 2011

Objective.To study the clinical course and outcome of fetal sinus bradycardia (SB) due to maternal antibody-induced sinus node dysfunction.Methods.We reviewed the maternal, prenatal, and postnatal findings of fetuses with SB associated with elevated maternal anti-SSA/Ro and anti-SSB/La antibodies.Results.Of the 6 cases diagnosed prenatally, 3 had isolated SB persisting after birth and had a good prognosis. Three fetuses with SB and severe myocardial involvement (congenital complete heart block and/or endocardial fibroelastosis) succumbed in utero in spite of treatment. Postmortem histopathology in 1 fetus showed inflammatory destruction of the sinus and atrioventricular nodes. SB was detected incidentally in a 7-year-old girl. She had intermittent heart block with progressive sinus arrest requiring permanent pacemaker.Conclusion.Fetal SB associated with maternal autoantibodies may persist in childhood, with a good prognosis in the absence of widespread cardiac involvement.
Glucocorticoid: Major Factor for Reduced Immunogenicity of 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) Vaccine in Patients with Juvenile Autoimmune Rheumatic Disease
Authors: AIKAWA NADIA E. , CAMPOS LUCIA M.A. , SILVA CLOVIS A. , CARVALHO JOZELIO F. , SAAD CARLA G.S. , TRUDES GUILHERME , DUARTE ALBERTO , MIRAGLIA JOAO L. , TIMENETSKY MARIA do CARMO S. , VIANA VILMA S.T. , FRANÇA IVAN L.A. , BONFA ELOISA , PEREIRA ROSA M.R. 
Published: November 2011

Objective.To assess the immunogenicity and safety of non-adjuvanted influenza A H1N1/2009 vaccine in patients with juvenile autoimmune rheumatic disease (ARD) and healthy controls, because data are limited to the adult rheumatologic population.Methods.A total of 237 patients with juvenile ARD [juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM), juvenile scleroderma, and vasculitis] and 91 healthy controls were vaccinated. Serology for anti-H1N1 was performed by hemagglutination inhibition assay. Seroprotection rate, seroconversion rate, and factor-increase in geometric mean titer (GMT) were calculated. Adverse events were evaluated.Results.Age was comparable in patients and controls (14.8 ± 3.0 vs 14.6 ± 3.7 years, respectively; p = 0.47). Three weeks after immunization, seroprotection rate (81.4% vs 95.6%; p = 0.0007), seroconversion rate (74.3 vs 95.6%; p < 0.0001), and the factor-increase in GMT (12.9 vs 20.3; p = 0.012) were significantly lower in patients with juvenile ARD versus controls. Subgroup analysis revealed reduced seroconversion rates in JSLE (p < 0.0001), JIA (p = 0.008), JDM (p = 0.025), and vasculitis (p = 0.017). Seroprotection (p < 0.0001) and GMT (p < 0.0001) were decreased only in JSLE. Glucocorticoid use and lymphopenia were associated with lower seroconversion rates (60.4 vs 82.9%; p = 0.0001; and 55.6 vs 77.2%; p = 0.012). Multivariate logistic regression including diseases, lymphopenia, glucocorticoid, and immunosuppressants demonstrated that only glucocorticoid use (p = 0.012) remained significant.Conclusion.This is the largest study to demonstrate a reduced but adequate immune response to H1N1 vaccine in patients with juvenile ARD. It identified current glucocorticoid use as the major factor for decreased antibody production. The short-term safety results support its routine recommendation for patients with juvenile ARD. ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT01151644.
The ClASsification for Psoriatic ARthritis (CASPAR) Criteria – A Retrospective Feasibility, Sensitivity, and Specificity Study: Table 1.
Authors: TILLETT WILLIAM , COSTA LUISA , JADON DEEPAK , WALLIS DINNY , CAVILL CHARLOTTE , McHUGH JESSICA , KORENDOWYCH ELEANOR , McHUGH NEIL 
Published: November 2011

Objective.To evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, and feasibility of the ClASsification criteria for Psoriatic ARthritis (CASPAR) to retrospectively classify an existing research cohort.Methods.In total, 480 patient records were reviewed from the Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) cohort and for 100 consecutive controls with inflammatory arthritis from a general rheumatology clinic. The CASPAR score was modified for retrospective use; both “inflammation” and “current psoriasis” were recorded as present if they had ever been confirmed in the rheumatology clinic. Sensitivity and specificity of the CASPAR criteria were compared with expert clinical diagnosis.Results.A total of 480 database records were identified. Nine sets of records had been lost or destroyed. The diagnoses had changed in 15 cases, which were transferred to the control arm, leaving 456 patients with an expert diagnosis of PsA. Of 115 controls, 96 had rheumatoid arthritis, 5 osteoarthritis, 3 reactive arthritis, 3 seronegative arthritis, 3 undifferentiated arthralgia, 2 ankylosing spondylitis, 1 spondyloarthritis, and 2 systemic sclerosis. Sensitivity (99.7%) and specificity (99.1%) were both high and equivalent to previous reports. Sensitivity remained high even after inclusion of 7 PsA patients with insufficient data to complete the CASPAR assessment (sensitivity 98.2%, specificity 99.1%). The criteria were found to be easy and practical to apply to case records.Conclusion.Our study demonstrates that the feasibility, specificity, and sensitivity of the CASPAR are maintained when adapted for retrospective use to classify an established research cohort.
Les destins du pulsionnel en thérapie familiale psychanalytique
Authors: Rosenblum Ouriel , Breil Fleur 
Published: November 2011

Résumé « Les destins du pulsionnel en thérapie familiale psychanalytique. » Le cadre de la thérapie familiale psychanalytique entrepris avec cette famille a offert l’occasion d’éprouver, d’observer et d’élaborer les différents niveaux entremêlés des états psychiques présentés au cours des séances, dans une perspective à la fois groupale, familiale, intergénérationnelle et individuelle. C’est au fur et à mesure des séances que les auteurs ont pu se familiariser à vivre ensemble les angoisses primaires et la détresse à l’origine du lien. Ces états n’ont pu être expérimentés et vécus avec le groupe familial que par le bénéfice de l’outillage théorico-clinique mis à la disposition des auteurs tel que le lien alpha, la psyché groupale, la transitionnalité, ou bien encore l’intergénérationnel et le transgénérationnel. Ce travail a permis d’aborder la découverte des processus narratifs généalogiques partageables par l’ensemble du néogroupe issu de cette thérapie.
Histoire des candidatures à l'élection présidentielle
Authors: François Bastien 
Published: November 2011

Résumé L’histoire des candidatures à l’élection présidentielle se confond avec celle de la V e République : installation du trophée présidentiel au cœur de la vie politique et restructuration bipolaire parallèle du système des partis, puis lent dérèglement des équilibres partisans, affaiblissement de la capacité structurante de la présidentielle et proportionnalisation du premier tour de l’élection.
La désignation par les partis politiques des « candidats présidentiels » en Europe Occidentale
Authors: Ponthoreau Marie-Claire 
Published: November 2011

Résumé Cet article s’intéresse à la désignation des candidats qui veulent devenir le chef réel de l’exécutif. Dès lors, la comparaison en Europe occidentale est envisageable en examinant comment les partis politiques sélectionnent les candidats à la charge suprême dans le cadre d’une démocratie dite désormais exécutive et majoritaire. Cette dernière appellation est la marque de la place prise par le leadership au détriment de la fonction collégiale du gouvernement dans les régimes parlementaires. Il n’est d’ailleurs pas rare que cette évolution enregistrée par ces régimes soit qualifiée de « présidentialisation du système politique et institutionnel ». Aujourd’hui, les partis politiques s’essaient pour un certain nombre d’entre eux à la démocratie électorale interne. Une échelle des modes de sélection en fonction du degré de démocratisation prend ainsi forme, dont les primaires ouvertes constituent la forme de démocratisation la plus poussée mais aussi la moins pratiquée en Europe.
Challenging Patriarchy: Trade, outward migration and the internationalization of Commercial sex among Bayang and Ejagham women in Southwest Cameroon
Authors: Pemunta Ngambouk Vitalis 
Published: November 2011

This paper documents the specific local and global socio-economic forces that led to the outward migration of Bayang and Ejagham women to work as commercial sex workers on the Cameroon-Nigeria border regions in the 1980s and 1990s. It demonstrates that these women’s personal accumulation strategies are adaptative- drawing on time and space specific modes of capitalist accumulation and kinship systems of power. The intertwined nature of these forms of accumulation demonstrate that patriarchal forms of power and capitalist forms of accumulation in this region were not competitive, but rather complementary systems. This conjuncture also gave women the latitude to claim some form of sexual and economic agency, suggesting that at least in Africa, patriarchy as a power field is dynamic and relational, simultaneously opening up spaces for both resistance and agency.The impact of sex work is disproportionate since most women of our study were involved in subsistence sex, with the risk of exposure to violence and HIV/AIDS. These women nevertheless sought to reconfigure gender relations.