bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supernatant of Aged Erythrocytes Causes Lung Inflammation and Coagulopathy in a “Two-Hit”In Vivo Syngeneic Transfusion Model
Authors: Vlaar Alexander P. J. , Hofstra Jorrit J. , Levi Marcel , Kulik Willem , Nieuwland Rienk , Tool Anton T. J. , Schultz Marcus J. , de Korte Dirk , Juffermans Nicole P. 
Published: May 2010

Background
Transfusion of erythrocytes is associated with increased morbidity in certain patient groups. Storage time of erythrocytes may contribute to respiratory complications. Using a syngeneic in vivo transfusion model, we investigated whether transfusion of stored rat erythrocytes causes lung injury in healthy and in lipopolysaccharide-primed rats in a "two-hit" model of lung injury.

Methods
Rats were infused with aged rat erythrocytes (14 days of storage) and washed aged erythrocytes or supernatant of aged erythrocytes. Controls received fresh rat erythrocytes (0 days of storage) or saline. In the "two-hit" model of lung injury, lipopolysaccharide was used as a "first hit" before transfusion. Rat and control human erythrocyte products were analyzed for lysophosphatidylcholine accumulation.

Results
In healthy rats, transfusion of aged erythrocytes caused mild pulmonary inflammation but no coagulopathy. In lipopolysaccharide-pretreated rats, transfusion of aged erythrocytes augmented lung injury by inducing coagulopathy, both in the pulmonary and systemic compartment, when compared with transfusion with fresh erythrocytes. When transfused separately, supernatant of aged erythrocytes, but not washed aged erythrocytes, mediated coagulopathy in the "two-hit" model. Analysis of the supernatant of aged erythrocytes (rat and human) showed no lysophosphatidylcholine accumulation.

Conclusions
Transfusion of aged erythrocytes induces lung injury in healthy rats. In a "two-hit" model, injury induced by aged erythrocytes was characterized by coagulopathy and was abrogated by washing. Washing of aged erythrocytes may decrease pulmonary complications in patients with an inflammatory condition who are exposed to a blood transfusion.
Re‐treatment of Children With Chronic Hepatitis C Who Did Not Respond to Interferon‐α Treatment
Authors: Gerner Patrick , Hilbich Juliane , Wenzl Tobias G , Behrens Rolf , Walther Frank , Kliemann Guido , Enninger Axel , Wirth Stefan 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTBackround:Many patients with chronic hepatitis C do not respond to antiviral treatment. In adult patients the re‐treatment of these patients has been extensively investigated. Because the response to re‐treatment in children is not well defined we evaluated the efficacy and safety of interferon (IFN)‐α plus ribavirin in patients who have failed to respond to previous treatment.Patients and Methods:In an open‐label, uncontrolled study, 18 chronically infected children were investigated. Fifteen children had been treated with IFN‐α plus ribavirin and 3 patients with IFN‐α alone. Fourteen patients were nonresponders; 4 experienced viral breakthrough during treatment and/or relapse after treatment. Patients received IFN‐α 3 times per week subcutaneously plus ribavirin for 48 weeks. Sixteen patients were infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1, 2 with genotype 4, and 1 with genotype 3 and co‐infection with hepatitis B.Results:Four patients showed early viral response to therapy and became HCV‐RNA negative after 12 weeks. Sustained viral response (HCV‐RNA negative 6 months after end of treatment) was documented in 2 of them. These 2 patients belonged to the group of 4 children who relapsed or experienced a viral breakthrough during previous treatment. None of the 14 patients with prior nonresponse had sustained viral response.Conclusions:Re‐treatment with IFN‐α plus ribavirin may be useful in children who relapsed in a previous antiviral treatment but seems not to be useful in nonresponders. These results are in line with studies from adult patients and should be therefore encouraged to provide a second chance for healing in a subgroup of patients.
Identification and Regulation of Plasma Membrane Sulfate Transporters in Chlamydomonas
Authors: Pootakham Wirulda , Gonzalez-Ballester David , Grossman Arthur R. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Chlamydomonas (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) exhibits several responses following exposure to sulfur (S)-deprivation conditions, including an increased efficiency of import and assimilation of the sulfate anion (SO4 2−). Aspects of SO4 2− transport during S-replete and S-depleted conditions were previously studied, although the transporters had not been functionally identified. We employed a reverse genetics approach to identify putative SO4 2− transporters, examine their regulation, establish their biogenesis and subcellular locations, and explore their functionality. Upon S starvation of wild-type Chlamydomonas cells, the accumulation of transcripts encoding the putative SO4 2− transporters SLT1 (for SAC1-like transporter 1), SLT2, and SULTR2 markedly increased, suggesting that these proteins function in high-affinity SO4 2− transport. The Chlamydomonas sac1 and snrk2.1 mutants (defective for acclimation to S deprivation) exhibited much less of an increase in the levels of SLT1, SLT2, and SULTR2 transcripts and their encoded proteins in response to S deprivation compared with wild-type cells. All three transporters were localized to the plasma membrane, and their rates of turnover were significantly impacted by S availability; the turnover of SLT1 and SLT2 was proteasome dependent, while that of SULTR2 was proteasome independent. Finally, mutants identified for each of the S-deprivation-responsive transporters were used to establish their critical role in the transport of SO4 2− into S-deprived cells.
Ten‐year follow‐up after intense chemoimmunotherapy with Rituximab‐HyperCVAD alternating with Rituximab‐high dose methotrexate/cytarabine (R‐MA) and without stem cell transplantation in patients with untreated aggressive mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Romaguera Jorge E. , Fayad Luis E. , Feng Lei , Hartig Kimberly , Weaver Pamela , Rodriguez Maria Alma , Hagemeister Fredrick B. , Pro Barbara , McLaughlin Peter , Younes Anas , Samaniego Felipe , Goy Andre , Cabanillas Fernando , Kantarjian Hagop , Kwak Larry , Wang Michael 
Published: May 2010

SummaryMantle cell lymphoma (MCL) has a poor overall survival after treatment with conventional chemotherapy. Intense chemoimmunotherapy without consolidation stem cell transplantation is a potential therapeutic option. We report on a prospective Phase II study with rituximab in combination with fractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin and dexamethasone (R‐Hyper‐CVAD) alternating with rituximab in combination with high‐dose methotrexate‐cytarabine (R‐MA) in untreated patients with diffuse and nodular MCL and their blastoid variants. Ninety‐seven patients were treated, of whom 97% responded and 87% achieved a complete remission. At 10 years of follow up (median 8 years), the median overall survival (OS) for all patients had not been reached and the median time to failure (TTF) for all patients was 4.6 years, without a plateau in the curves. For the group of patients aged 65 years or younger, the median OS had not been reached and the median TTF was 5.9 years. Multivariate analysis revealed pre‐treatment serum levels of β2 microglobulin, International Prognostic Index (IPI) score and mantle cell IPI (MIPI) score, as predictive of both OS and TTF. We conclude that intense chemoimmunotherapy without stem cell transplantation is effective for untreated aggressive MCL.
Using a graph of the abnormal predictive value versus the positive predictive value for the determination of outlier laboratories in the National Health Service cervical screening programme
Authors: Blanks R. G. 
Published: May 2010

R.G. Blanks Using a graph of the abnormal predictive value versus the positive predictive value for the determination of outlier laboratories in the National Health Service cervical screening programme.Objective:  The positive predictive value (PPV) for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2 or worse of referral to colposcopy from moderate dyskaryosis or worse (equivalent to high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion or worse) is a standard performance measure in the National Health Service cervical screening programme. The current target is to examine ‘outlier’ laboratories with PPVs outside the 10th–90th percentile, which automatically identifies 20% of laboratories for further investigation. A more targeted method of identifying outliers may be more useful.Methods:  A similar measure to the PPV, the abnormal predictive value (APV), can be defined as the predictive value for CIN2 or worse for referrals from borderline (includes atypical squamous and glandular cells) and mild dyskaryosis (equivalent to low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion) combined. A scatter plot of the APV versus the PPV can be produced (the APV‐PPV diagram). Three kinds of ‘outlier’ can be defined on the diagram to help determine laboratories with unusual data. These are termed a true outlier value (TOV) or an extreme value (EV) for either PPV or APV, or a residual extreme value (REV) from the APV‐PPV best line of fit.Results:  Using annual return information for 2007/8 from 124 laboratories, two were defined as having EVs for PPV (both had a relatively low PPV of 62%). For APV, four laboratories were considered to have EVs of 34%, 34%, 34% and 4% and one was considered to be a TO with an APV of 45%. Five were identified as REV laboratories, although three of these were also identified as having extreme or outlier values, leaving two that had not been identified by the other methods. A total of eight (6%) laboratories were therefore identified as meriting further investigation using this methodology.Conclusions:  The method proposed could be a useful alternative to the current method of identifying outliers. Slide exchange studies between the identified laboratories, particularly those at opposing ends of the diagram, or other further investigations of such laboratories, may be instructive in understanding why such variation occurs, and could therefore potentially, lead to improvements in the national programme.
Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide impairs the performance of root‐feeding vine weevils by modifying root growth and secondary metabolites
Authors: JOHNSON SCOTT N. , BARTON ADAM T. , CLARK KATHERINE E. , GREGORY PETER J. , MCMENEMY LINDSAY S. , HANCOCK ROBERT D. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPredicting how insect crop pests will respond to global climate change is an important part of increasing crop production for future food security, and will increasingly rely on empirically based evidence. The effects of atmospheric composition, especially elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2), on insect herbivores have been well studied, but this research has focussed almost exclusively on aboveground insects. However, responses of root‐feeding insects to eCO2 are unlikely to mirror these trends because of fundamental differences between aboveground and belowground habitats. Moreover, changes in secondary metabolites and defensive responses to insect attack under eCO2 conditions are largely unexplored for root herbivore interactions. This study investigated how eCO2 (700 μmol mol−1) affected a root‐feeding herbivore via changes to plant growth and concentrations of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phenolics. This study used the root‐feeding vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus and the perennial crop, Ribes nigrum. Weevil populations decreased by 33% and body mass decreased by 23% (from 7.2 to 5.4 mg) in eCO2. Root biomass decreased by 16% in eCO2, which was strongly correlated with weevil performance. While root N concentrations fell by 8%, there were no significant effects of eCO2 on root C and N concentrations. Weevils caused a sink in plants, resulting in 8–12% decreases in leaf C concentration following herbivory. There was an interactive effect of CO2 and root herbivory on root phenolic concentrations, whereby weevils induced an increase at ambient CO2, suggestive of defensive response, but caused a decrease under eCO2. Contrary to predictions, there was a positive relationship between root phenolics and weevil performance. We conclude that impaired root‐growth underpinned the negative effects of eCO2 on vine weevils and speculate that the plant's failure to mount a defensive response at eCO2 may have intensified these negative effects.
Tim‐1 is induced on germinal centre B cells through B‐cell receptor signalling but is not essential for the germinal centre response
Authors: Wong See Heng , Barlow Jillian L. , Nabarro Stephen , Fallon Padraic G. , McKenzie Andrew N. J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryT‐cell immunoglobulin mucin‐1 (Tim‐1) has been proposed to be an important T‐cell immunoregulatory molecule since its expression on activated T cells was discovered. To study the role of Tim‐1 on T cells in vitro and in vivo we generated both Tim‐1‐deficient mice and several lines of Tim‐1 transgenic mice with Tim‐1 expression on either T cells, or B and T cells. We demonstrate that neither deficiency nor over‐expression of Tim‐1 on B and T cells results in modulation of their proliferation in vitro. More surprisingly, T helper type 2 cells generated either from Tim‐1‐deficient mice or Tim‐1 transgenic mice did not show enhancement of interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), IL‐5 and IL‐10 production. Furthermore, using a Schistosoma mansoni egg challenge as a potent T helper type 2 response inducer we also show that Tim‐1 is not essential for T‐ and B‐cell responses in vivo. However, we observe induction of Tim‐1 on B cells following B‐cell receptor (BCR), but not Toll‐like receptor 4 stimulation in vitro. We show that the induction of Tim‐1 on B cells following BCR stimulation is phosphoinositide‐3 kinase and nuclear factor‐κB pathway dependent. More importantly, we conclude that Tim‐1 is predominantly expressed on germinal centre B cells in vivo although the percentage of germinal centre B cells in wild‐type and Tim‐1‐deficient mice is comparable. Identification of Tim‐1 as a marker for germinal centre B cells will contribute to the interpretation and future analysis of the effects of the anti‐Tim‐1 antibodies in vivo.
TNFR1 signalling is a critical checkpoint for developing macrophages that control of T‐cell proliferation
Authors: Raveney Ben J. E. , Copland David A. , Calder Claudia J. , Dick Andrew D. , Nicholson Lindsay B. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryMacrophages (Mϕ) are professional antigen‐presenting cells, but when they accumulate at sites of inflammation, they can inhibit T‐cell proliferation. In experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis, this limits the expansion of T cells within the target organ. To define requirements for the elaboration of this outcome, we have generated populations of Mϕin vitro that could also regulate T‐cell responses; stimulating CD4+ T‐cell activation and cytokine production, but simultaneously suppressing T‐cell proliferation. When T cells are removed from the influence of such cells, normal T‐cell responses are restored. We show that tumour necrosis factor 1 (TNFR1) signalling is a critical checkpoint in the development of such Mϕ, as TNFR1−/− Mϕ are unable to suppress T‐cell proliferation. This deficit in antigen‐presenting cells results in a lack of production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide, which are critical effector mechanisms that inhibit T‐cell division. However, TNFR1 signalling is not required for the inhibitory function of Mϕ because we could circumvent the requirement for this receptor, by maturing Mϕ in the presence of exogenous interferon‐γ and PGE2. This produced TNFR1−/− Mϕ that inhibited T‐cell proliferation and indicates that TNFR1 delivers a signal that is necessary for the development but not the execution of this function.
Effects of turning on skin‐bed interface pressures in healthy adults
Authors: Peterson Matthew J. , Schwab Wilhelm , Van Oostrom Johannes H. , Gravenstein Nikolaus , Caruso Lawrence J. 
Published: May 2010

peterson m.j., schwab w., van oostrom j.h., gravenstein n. & caruso l.j. (2010) Effects of turning on skin‐bed interface pressures in healthy adults. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(7), 1556–1564.AbstractTitle.  Effects of turning on skin‐bed interface pressures in healthy adults. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study of the effects of lateral turning on skin‐bed interface pressures in the sacral, trochanteric and buttock regions, and its effectiveness in unloading at‐risk tissue.Background.  Minimizing skin‐support surface interface pressure is important in pressure ulcer prevention, but the effect of standard patient repositioning on skin interface pressure has not been objectively established.Methods.  Data were collected from 15 healthy adults from a university‐affiliated hospital. Mapped 24‐inch × 24‐inch (2304 half‐inch sensors) interface pressure profiles were obtained in the supine position, followed by lateral turning with pillow or wedge support and subsequent head‐of‐bed elevation to 30°.Results.  Raising the head‐of‐bed to 30° in the lateral position statistically significantly increased peak interface pressures and total area ≥32 mmHg. Comparing areas ≥32 mmHg from all positions, 93% of participants had skin areas with interface pressures ≥32 mmHg throughout all positions (60 ± 54 cm2), termed ‘triple jeopardy areas’. The triple jeopardy area increased statistically significantly with wedges as compared to pillows (153 ± 99 cm2 vs. 48 ± 47 cm2, P < 0·05).Conclusion.  Standard turning by experienced intensive care unit nurses does not reliably unload all areas of high skin‐bed interface pressures. These areas remain at risk for skin breakdown, and help to explain why pressure ulcers occur despite the implementation of standard preventive measures. Support materials for maintaining lateral turned positions can also influence tissue unloading and triple jeopardy areas.
Perceived support from healthcare practitioners among adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Oftedal Bjørg , Karlsen Bjørg , Bru Edvin 
Published: May 2010

oftedal b., karlsen b. & bru e. (2010) Perceived support from healthcare practitioners among adults with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(7), 1500–1509.AbstractTitle.  Perceived support from healthcare practitioners among adults with type 2 diabetes. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study of how adults with type 2 diabetes perceive different attributes of support provided by healthcare practitioners and how various attributes of support can influence people’s motivation to self‐manage their disease.Background.  Motivational problems seem to be a major reason for poor diabetes management. According to well‐known theories of motivation, expectations of being able to perform certain behaviours are a key element. Different attributes of support from healthcare practitioners are likely to influence such expectations. To date, no researchers have specifically examined how people with type 2 diabetes perceive different attributes of support from healthcare practitioners and how these may influence their motivation to manage their disease themselves.Methods.  A descriptive/explorative qualitative design and focus groups were used to collect data. The sample consisted of 19 adults with type 2 diabetes, and the data were collected in 2007 and analysed using qualitative content analysis.Findings.  Five themes were identified, reflecting perceived attributes of support from healthcare practitioners: (1) an empathetic approach, (2) practical advice and information, (3) involvement in decision‐making, (4) accurate and individualized information and (5) ongoing group‐based support.Conclusion.  Healthcare practitioners may strengthen the self‐management motivation among adults with type 2 diabetes by enhancing expectations of being able to perform the necessary diabetes care, and through the provision of empathetic, individualized, practical and ongoing group‐based support.
Coping behaviour checklist for Chinese children: development and psychometric testing
Authors: Li Ho Cheung William , Chung Oi Kwan Joyce , Wong Mi Ling Eliza , Ho Ka Yan 
Published: May 2010

li h.c.w., chung o.k.j., wong m.l.e. & ho k.y. (2010)
Coping behaviour checklist for Chinese children: development and psychometric testing. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(7), 1633–1643.AbstractTitle.  Coping behaviour checklist for Chinese children: development and psychometric testing. Aim.  This paper is a report of development and psychometric testing of the coping behaviour checklist for Chinese children.Background.  An understanding of the coping behaviour of children is an essential prerequisite for the design of an appropriate psychological intervention to enhance children’s ability to cope with stressful medical procedures and hospitalization. Review of literature reveals that there is lack of child‐sensitive measurement tools in the Chinese culture for assessing coping behaviours of children with good psychometric properties.Methods.  An instrument development and validation study was conducted. Phase 1 was designed to develop a checklist of coping behaviour for Chinese children, while in phase 2 the psychometric properties of the new scale were tested. A total of 168 (phase 1) and 236 (phase 2) children between the ages of 7 and 12 years, were invited to participate in this study in 2008 and 2009, respectively; 228 completed both phases of data collection.Results.  On the basis of the results of qualitative interview data, the coping behaviour checklist for Chinese children was developed. The newly developed scale had adequate internal consistency reliability and test–retest reliability, high content validity and appropriate construct validity. Confirmatory factor analysis further added evidence of the construct validity of the scale.Conclusion.  The instrument can be used to identify the coping behaviour of Hong Kong Chinese children aged between 7 and 12 years. Knowing the coping behaviour of children in advance can help nurses to shape and design appropriate psychological interventions that can help children better cope with stressful medical procedures and hospitalization.
New computational solution to quantify synthetic material porosity from optical microscopic images
Authors: DE ALBUQUERQUE V.H.C. , FILHO P.P. REBOUÇAS , CAVALCANTE T.S. , TAVARES J.M.R.S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThis paper presents a new computational solution to quantify the porosity of synthetic materials from optical microscopic images. The solution is based on an artificial neuronal network of the multilayer perceptron type and a backpropagation algorithm is used for training. To evaluate this new solution, 40 sample images of a synthetic material were analysed and the quality of the results was confirmed by human visual analysis. In addition, these results were compared with ones obtained with a commonly used commercial system confirming their superior quality and the shorter time needed. The effect of images with noise was also studied and the new solution showed itself to be more reliable. The training phase of the new solution was analysed confirming that it can be performed in a very easy and straightforward manner. Thus, the new solution demonstrated that it is a valid and adequate option for researchers, engineers, specialists and other professionals to quantify the porosity of materials from microscopic images in an automatic, fast, efficient and reliable manner.