bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of redox initiators for free radical frontal polymerization
Authors: Yu Huan , Fang Yuan , Chen Li , Chen Su 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The reaction temperature for frontal polymerization (FP) initiated by redox initiators can be greatly decreased compared with FP initiated by peroxide initiator and disulfide initiator. We report the synthesis of poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate)s via free radical FP using benzoyl peroxide (BPO)/N,N‐dimethylaniline (DMA) and ammonium persulfate (APS)/N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) couples as redox initiators at ambient pressure.RESULTS: The results show that unlike the phenomenon of bubbles and ‘fingers’ when using BPO alone, a self‐sustaining and stable front can be obtained when the [DMA]/[BPO] ratio is higher than 1 (mol/mol). A slight increase of the DMA (or TMEDA) reductant concentration causes a marked decrease of front temperature to 53 °C (or 61 °C).CONCLUSION: We investigated the effects of the ratio of the oxidant to the reductant and the initiator and monomer concentrations on certain parameters of FP: formation of bubbles, front velocity and front temperature. This opens the way to the potential development of FP using more appropriate monomers with low boiling points. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Schizotypy and mental health in the general population: A pilot study
Authors: Goulding Anneli , Ödéhn Nils 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAn understanding of schizotypy and its relation to mental health has several important implications for the prevention, treatment and understanding of psychosis‐spectrum disorders. Previous studies have shown the possibility that schizotypy is associated to mental health as well as psychopathology. This pilot study investigated the relation between schizotypy and mental health in a random sample from the general Swedish population (n = 91). A simultaneous multiple regression analysis with schizotypy factors as predictors of mental health showed that disorganized and positive schizotypy were significant predictors of mental health. Both factors had a linear negative relation to mental health, but positive schizotypy also had a curvilinear relation so that both high and low levels of positive schizotypy were associated with mental health. Cluster analyses indicated the presence of four schizotypy profile groups characterized by high positive schizotypy, high negative schizotypy, high disorganized schizotypy and low schizotypy respectively. The low schizotypy group had significantly better mental health compared to the disorganized schizotypy group. The disorganized schizotypy factor was the only factor clearly associated with mental ill health. These results indicate the presence of schizotypal traits in the general population and also questions schizotypy models that view schizotypal traits as necessarily associated with psychopathology. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
σ‐ and π‐electron contributions to the substituent effect: natural population analysis
Authors: Ozimiński Wojciech P. , Dobrowolski Jan C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTwo independent σ‐ and π‐ substituent effect descriptors, sEDA and pEDA, were constructed using the Natural Population Analysis (NPA) approach. The descriptors are based on parameters of 32 monosubstituted benzene molecules calculated at the B3LYP/6‐31G** level which is easily applicable to large molecular systems. The sEDA and pEDA descriptors have a clear physical meaning—they show to what extent the σ and π electrons are donated or withdrawn by the substituent from the substituted system. The descriptors were successfully tested to be independent of either of the applicable theoretical methods (DFT or MP2), basis set (6‐31G** or cc‐pVTZ), and solvent presence. We also demonstrated that the sEDA descriptor described equally well methane derivatives, whereas the pEDA descriptor explained behavior of ethene derivatives. Moreover, the two descriptors work out well for as different molecular systems as triazoles. A comparison of the sEDA and pEDA descriptors with the selected well‐known substituent effect scales shows that the sEDA descriptor correlates well (R = 0.961) with the Boyd & Boyd/Boyd– Edgecombe χ descriptor and that so does also the pEDA descriptor (R = 0.943) with the Taft–Topsom σR‐ resonance constant. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Redox proteomics identification of 4‐hydroxynonenal‐modified brain proteins in Alzheimer's disease: Role of lipid peroxidation in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis
Authors: Perluigi Marzia , Sultana Rukhsana , Cenini Giovanna , Di Domenico Fabio , Memo Maurizio , Pierce William M. , Coccia Raffaella , Butterfield D. Allan 
Published: July 2009

AbstractNumerous studies have shown that neuronal lipids are highly susceptible to oxidative stress including in those brain areas directly involved in the neurodegenerative process of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Lipid peroxidation directly damages membranes and also generates a number of secondary biologically active products (toxic aldehydes)that are capable of easily attacking lipids, proteins, and DNA. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated regionally increased brain lipid peroxidation in patients with AD; however, extensive studies on specific targets of lipid peroxidation‐induced damage are still missing. The present study represents a further step in understanding the relationship between oxidative modification of protein and neuronal death associated with AD. We used a proteomics approach to determine specific targets of lipid peroxidation in AD brain, both in hippocampus and inferior parietal lobule, by coupling immunochemical detection of 4‐hydroxynonenal‐bound proteins with 2‐D polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and MS analysis. We identified 4‐hydroxynonenal‐bound proteins in the hippocampus and inferior parietal lobule brain regions of subjects with AD. The identified proteins play different biological functions including energy metabolism, antioxidant system, and structural proteins, thus impairing multiple molecular pathways. Our results provide further evidence for the role of lipid peroxidation in the pathogenesis of AD.
Proteomic and functional characterization of the outer membrane vesicles from the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Mullaney Erica , Brown Paul A. , Smith Sinead M. , Botting Catherine H. , Yamaoka Yoshio Y. , Terres Ana M. , Kelleher Dermot P. , Windle Henry J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori causes a spectrum of gastro‐duodenal diseases, which may be mediated in part by the outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) constitutively shed by the pathogen. We aimed to determine the proteome of H. pylori OMV to help evaluate the mechanisms whereby these structures confer their known immuno‐modulatory and cytotoxic activities to host cells, as such disease‐associated activities are also conferred by the bacterium from which the vesicles are derived. We also evaluated the effect of the OMV on gastric/colonic epithelial cells, duodenal explants and neutrophils. A proteomic analysis of the OMV proteins separated by SDS‐PAGE from two strains of H. pylori (J99 and NCTC 11637) was undertaken and 162 OMV‐associated proteins were identified in J99 and 91 in NCTC 11637 by LC‐MS/MS. The vesicles are rich in membrane proteins, porins, adhesins and several molecules known to modulate chemokine secretion, cell proliferation and other host cellular processes. Further, the OMVs are also vehicles for the carriage of the cytotoxin‐associated gene A cytotoxin in addition to the previously documented toxin, vacuolating cytotoxin. Taken together, it is evident from the proteome of H. pylori OMV that these structures are equipped with the molecules required to interact with host cells in a manner not dissimilar from the intact pathogen.
Isoform‐specific expression and characterization of 14‐3‐3 proteins in human glioma tissues discovered by stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture‐based proteomic analysis
Authors: Liang Shufang , Shen Guobo , Liu Qingping , Xu Yuhuan , Zhou Liangxue , Xiao Shiyin , Xu Zhizhong , Gong Fengming , You Chao , Wei Yuquan 
Published: July 2009

AbstractHuman 14‐3‐3 proteins have isoform‐specific expression and functions in different kinds of normal or tumor cells and tissues. However, the expression profiling of 14‐3‐3 proteins and isoform‐specific biological functions are unclear in human glioma so far. In our study, the expression levels and characterization of 14‐3‐3 isoforms in human glioma tissues were investigated by a sensitive, accurate stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture‐based quantitative proteomic strategy. As a result, except unexpressed 14‐3‐3σ, the other six isoforms, with different expression levels, were existed in glioma tissues and para‐cancerous brain tissues (PBTs). 14‐3‐3β and η were upregulated, whereas 14‐3‐3ζ was downregulated in glioma tissues compared with that in PBTs. And the other three isoforms 14‐3‐3ε, θ, and γ had similar expression levels in human glioma tissues and PBTs. Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis were both consistent with the quantitative proteomic data. The loss of expression of 14‐3‐3σ was further discovered due to DNA high methylation in its coding region in glioma by methylation‐specific PCR analysis. These results indicated that the four isoforms, including 14‐3‐3β, η, ζ, and σ, may play important roles in tumorigenesis of human glioma, which is probably used as potential biomarkers for diagnosis and targets for treatment of human gliomas in future.
Characterisation of flucloxacillin and 5‐hydroxymethyl flucloxacillin haptenated HSA in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Jenkins Rosalind E. , Meng Xiaoli , Elliott Victoria L. , Kitteringham Neil R. , Pirmohamed Munir , Park B. Kevin 
Published: July 2009

AbstractFlucloxacillin is a synthetic penicillin used in the treatment of Staphylococcal infections. Adverse reactions to the drug are believed to arise through covalent modification of proteins, with tissue damage occurring secondary to an immune reaction. Serum proteins have been shown by adduct‐specific antibodies to be modified by flucloxacillin, but the nature and sites of modification have not been characterised. Here, in vitro studies on HSA have shown by MS that the modification of protein lysine residues occurs in a dose‐, time‐ and site‐dependent manner. Affinity, cation exchange and reversed phase chromatography prior to MS revealed in vivo modification of HSA with flucloxacillin in tolerant patients, with up to nine modified lysine residues being detected in each patient, and with modification of Lys190 and Lys212 being detected in 8/8 patients. It was also revealed for the first time that plasma proteins could be modified with the 5‐hydroxymethyl metabolite of flucloxacillin, and that essentially the same Lys residues were targeted by both the parent drug and its metabolite. This study provides a detailed characterisation of sites of chemical modification of an endogenous target and reveals candidate peptides for T‐cell and antibody assays of flucloxacillin hypersensitivity.
Integrative proteomics for the future US HUPO Fifth Annual Conference from genes to function 22‐25 February 2009, San Diego, CA, USA
Authors: Lehr Stefan , Meyer Helmut E. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis report reviews the 5th US HUPO annual conference which was held in San Diego, California, from 22th to 25th February, 2009. The major goal of this year's meeting was to discuss future prospects within the field of proteomics and to push it towards integration with other synergizing technologies. Each day's sessions were guided by three broad themes: The Interface of Proteomics and Genomics, Systems Medicine, and Protein Structure and Modifications. As a summary this meeting has shown, that integration of multiple disciplines and high performance proteomics is needed to meet the demands of future proteomics.
Hydrochloric acid tank explosion
Authors: Chandwadkar Chandrashekhar , Nasiri Ghodaratollah , Seyfzadeh Ali 
Published: July 2009

AbstractExplosions in hydrogen chloride storage tanks are very rare. However, we have experienced one. The explosion was so powerful that the tank with a capacity 250 kL, 60% filled with 33% HCL, took off from the ground went up to 8–9 m high in air and landed around 50 m away. The contents of the tank sprayed all over the nearby area. Though the tank was surrounded by other plants and equipment, fortunately, it landed in a barren area. This averted loss of life and property that would have otherwise resulted. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2009
Prevention and mitigation of dust and hybrid mixture explosions
Authors: Amyotte Paul , Lindsay Matthew , Domaratzki Ruth , Marchand Neil , Di Benedetto Almerinda , Russo Paola 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe results presented in this article focus on the importance of the prevention and mitigation of dust and hybrid mixture explosions. The main objective is to demonstrate the use of the inherent safety principle of moderation to achieve a significant reduction of the risk of explosions. Experiments and a companion modeling study were conducted with a test matrix composed of various size fractions of polyethylene powder together with concentrations of hydrocarbon gas (ethylene, hexane, and propane). The results quantitatively show the increased hazard posed by fine particle sizes of dust and the addition of flammable gases. There are clear implications for industry in terms of moderating the risk of an explosion.Gas concentrations used in this work were all less than the lower flammability limit (LFL) of the particular chemical species and the ratio of gas concentration to LFL concentration was at least 75%. The enhancement of mixture reactivity brought about by a flammable gas admixture could therefore be correlated with the burning velocity of the gas.This article describes how to predict KSt for hybrid mixtures and includes the concept of using propane as a surrogate for hexane. Additionally, it shows that the avoidance of both fine dust sizes and hybrid mixtures is a beneficial approach in the process industries to reduce the risk arising from the hazards posed by combustible dusts and their mixtures with flammable gases. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2010
Aromatic‐ring‐functionalised benzoxazinones in the system Oryza sativa–Echinochloa crus‐galli as biorational herbicide models
Authors: Macías Francisco A , Chinchilla Nuria , Varela Rosa M , Molinillo José MG , Marín David , de Siqueira Joao M 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus‐galli (L.) Beauv., is one of the most problematic weeds occurring in rice crops. Although efficient chemical control is provided by herbicides available on the market, resistant biotypes provoked by pressure selection have appeared in recent times. This emphasises the need for alternative treatments in which herbicidal compounds from a natural origin could be included.RESULTS: A number of chemicals with a [2H]‐1,4‐benzoxazin‐3(4H)‐one (D‐DIBOA) skeleton were tested on this weed, and also in rice, in order to achieve an optimal lead for herbicide composition development by taking into consideration phytotoxic effects and selectivity on the weed. 6‐Cl‐D‐DIBOA causes the same effect as the commercial herbicide propanil at a concentration 15 times lower, while 6‐F‐D‐DIBOA causes this inhibition at a dose 30 times lower. The phytotoxicities caused by 8‐Cl‐D‐DIBOA (IC50 = 44 µM, R2 = 0.866) and 7,8‐diF‐D‐DIBOA (IC50 = 52 µM, R2 = 0.9067) are also remarkable. 8‐Cl‐D‐DIBOA was the compound that presented the highest selectivity on Echinochloa crus‐galli. The structural requirements for optimal phytotoxicity and selectivity were elucidated by means of QSAR methodology, considering electronic and steric factors. One of the most important descriptors influencing the bioactivity was the dipole moment modulus. This was successfully correlated by employing a second‐order polynomial model.CONCLUSION: The in vitro phytotoxic profiles and selectivities shown for these chemicals make them truly promising candidates for higher‐level studies. 6F‐ and 6Cl‐D‐DIBOA, for their high phytotoxicities, and 8‐Cl‐D‐DIBOA, because of its high selectivity, were found to be the most interesting compounds from this point of view. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Efficacy of grain protectants against four psocid species on maize, rice and wheat
Authors: Athanassiou Christos G , Arthur Frank H , Throne James E 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Psocids are emerging pests in stored products, particularly in amylaceous commodities such as grains. Currently, their control is based on the use of fumigants and contact insecticides; however, newer data indicate that psocids are tolerant to insecticides used to control other stored‐grain species. This study evaluated the insecticides registered in the USA for use on stored maize, rice and wheat for control of the psocid species Lepinotus reticulatus, Liposcelis entomophila, L. bostrychophila and L. paeta. Mortality of exposed adult females was recorded after 7 and 14 days of exposure, while progeny production was assessed after 30 days of exposure.RESULTS: On wheat and rice, chlorpyriphos‐methyl + deltamethrin was generally more effective against exposed parental adults than spinosad or pyrethrin, while pirimiphos‐methyl was more effective on maize than spinosad or pyrethrin. In most cases, progeny production was suppressed in the treated grains. Progeny production was consistently lowest on wheat and rice treated with chlorpyriphos‐methyl + deltamethrin and maize treated with pirimiphos‐methyl.CONCLUSIONS: Chlorpyriphos‐methyl + deltamethrin and pirimiphos‐methyl were the most effective insecticides for all species and commodities. Conversely, efficacy of spinosad or pyrethrum was highly dependent on the psocid species and commodity. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Esterase‐mediated resistance to pyrethroids in field populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Central Africa
Authors: Achaleke Joseph , Martin Thibaud , Ghogomu Richard T , Vaissayre Maurice , Brévault Thierry 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Evolution of pyrethroid resistance in the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) threatens continued cotton production in Central Africa. Dose–response bioassays were conducted on area‐wide collection of bollworm populations from major host plants, while biochemical techniques were used to evaluate basic mechanisms underlying resistance.RESULTS: Pyrethroid resistance is primarily associated with detoxification by enhanced esterase activity. High resistance to cypermethrin (RF = 67–1771), cross‐resistance to deltamethrin (RF = 60–2972) and lack of cross‐resistance to the non‐ester pyrethroid etofenprox (RF = 2–10) were observed among H. armigera field populations and laboratory‐selected strains. Enzymatic assays showed that esterase activity, but not oxidase content or glutathione‐S‐transferase activity, was positively correlated with resistance to cypermethrin. Pretreatment with piperonyl butoxide (PBO) resulted in significant synergism with cypermethrin in 6/10 field populations, but not in the laboratory‐selected strain, indicating that additional mechanisms such as mixed‐function oxidase (MFO) may be involved in field resistance. The absence of cross‐resistance to DDT ruled out a possible target‐site modification.CONCLUSION: Knowledge of the mechanisms involved in pyrethroid resistance and the lack of cross‐resistance to spinosad and indoxacarb is a key to devising new resistance management strategies aimed at restoring the efficacy of pyrethroid‐based programmes. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
The importance of defects for carbon nanoribbon based electronics
Authors: Botello‐Méndez A. R. , López‐Urías F. , Cruz‐Silva E. , Sumpter B. G. , Meunier V. , Terrones M. , Terrones H. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe utilization of graphene nanoribbons for next generation nanoelectronics is commonly expected to depend on the controlled synthesis that yields a low density of defects. Edge roughness and vacancies have been shown to have a large impact on the performance of graphene nanoribbon transistors. In contrast, we show how certain defects can be used to enhance the electronic and magnetic properties of graphene nanoribbons. We explore the properties of hybrid graphene nanoribbons with armchair and zigzag features joined by an array of pentagon–heptagon structural defects. The graphene nanoribbons display an increased density of states at the Fermi level, and half metallicity in absence of external fields. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparing the weak and strong gate‐coupling regimes for nanotube and graphene transistors
Authors: Heller I. , Chatoor S. , Männik J. , Zevenbergen M. A. G. , Dekker C. , Lemay S. G. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe present an experimental and theoretical comparison of the weak and strong gate‐coupling regimes that arise for carbon nanotube (CNT) and graphene field‐effect transistors (FETs) in back‐gated and liquid‐gated configuration, respectively. We find that whereas the back‐gate efficiency is suppressed for a liquid‐gated CNT FET, the back gate is still effective in case of a liquid‐gated graphene FET. We calculate the gate‐induced Fermi‐level shifts and induced charge densities. In both strong and weak coupling regimes, nonlinearities occur in the gate dependence of these parameters, which can significantly influence the electronic transport. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stewartia koreanaextract stimulates proliferation and migration of human endothelial cells and induces neovasculizationin vivo
Authors: Lee Tae Hoon , Lee Guy Wilhem , Kim Chan Woo , Bang Myun‐Ho , Baek Nam‐In , Kim Sung‐Hoon , Chung Dae Kyun , Kim Jiyoung 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAngiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels from preexisting vasculature, plays an important role in physiological and pathological processes such as embryonic development and wound healing. This study investigated the effects of methanol extracts ofStewartia koreanaleaves (SKE) on angiogenesis.Stewartia koreanasignificantly promoted the proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in a dose‐dependent manner. The SKE induced endothelial cell proliferation in the range of 50 µg/mL without cytotoxicity. Treatment of HUVECs resulted in the activation of the mitogen‐activated protein kinases that was correlated with endothelial cell proliferation and migration. SKE also stimulated angiogenesis in a chick chorioallantoic membrane assay, demonstrating promotion of new blood vessel formationin vivo. Local administration of SKE onto skin punched wounds resulted in increased von Willebrand Factor antigen, indicating that it stimulated neovasculization in the wound region. The results suggest thatStewartia koreanaextracts may potentially be useful for the development of agents to accelerate vascular wound healing or to promote the growth of collateral blood vessels in ischemic tissues. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.