bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ALCOHOL AND FATAL INJURIES OF THE HEAD AND SPINE
Authors: McLean A.J. , Antonio J.D. , North J.B. , Simpson D.A. , Woodward A.J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractInjuries to the head and spine, mostly from road accidents, accounted for 325 deaths in South Australia in 1977. Blood alcohol concentration (BAC), measured in 181 victims, was greater than zero in 47%, with a mean level of 0.16 gm/100 ml. Females were almost as likely to have been drinking as were males but their average BAC was about half that of the male victims. Almost one third of the drivers and motorcyclists who were killed had a BAC above .08. High blood alcohol levels were also observed among the suicide and homicide cases. Alcohol involvement did not vary markedly between urban and rural areas, neither was it associated in a meaningful way with survival time, the nature of the injury to the head or spine, or with the occurrence of a lucid interval between injury and death. Countermeasures directed at the role of alcohol as a causal factor in road crashes have the greatest potential to reduce the incidence of fatal head and spinal injuries. The development of such measures will be assisted by more complete reporting of blood alcohol concentrations.
MEDICAL AND ERGONOMIC ASPECTS OF AN INDUSTRIAL DISPUTE CONCERNING OCCUPATIONAL‐RELATED CONDITIONS IN DATA PROCESS OPERATORS
Authors: Taylor Richard , Pitcher Michael 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA union survey of occupation‐related conditions in data process operators (DPOs) at the Melbourne Taxation Office revealed numerous ergonomic and environmental problems at the work site. Following industrial action because of the extent of occupation‐related injury, a medical examination of DPOs was undertaken by a joint management/ union team.A very high prevalence of occupation‐related morbidity amongst 122 DPOs was found: 26% had significant problems requiring medical attention, 18% had physical signs of injury but had not sought medical attention, 38% were symptomatic but without signs, and only 18% had no problems. In all severity groups neck and shoulder disorders were the most common, ***folllowed by epicondylitis (elbow), and finally tenosynovitis of the forearm, wrist or hand.It was concluded by the medical assessors that the high rate of occupation‐related disorders was a result of a combination of unfavourable ergonomic factors and high work rates.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PROGRAM CLASSIFICATION OF HEALTH SERVICES FOR THE SOUTH AUSTRALIAN HEALTH COMMISSION ‐ REFLECTIONS ON THE FIRST THREE YEARS
Authors: Cooper John , Bennett Craig 
Published: August 2010

AbstractOver the past three years, Program‐Performance Budgeting (PPB) has been promoted in South Australia as an alternative means of reporting on Government expenditures to the State Parliament. Very detailed financial, manpower and descriptive data has been compiled on programs and presented and debated in Parliament as an adjunct to the traditional line estimates of the State budget. Within this framework, the South Australian Health Commission has been required to develop a program classification of State Government‐funded health services. In this paper, the development of this classification is summarized, its usefulness assessed and its longer‐term future discussed.
AUSTRALIAN PATTERNS OF TOBACCO SMOKING AND RELATED HEALTH BELIEFS IN 1983
Authors: Hill David , Gray Nigel 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA nationwide Australian household survey of 5580 men and women, 16 years and over, was conducted in 1983 to determine smoking behaviour and related beliefs and intentions. Among males, 37 per cent were regular cigarette smokers (a significant drop from 40 per cent reported in 1980), and among females, 30 per cent were smokers (compared with 31 per cent in 1980). In the age group 16–24 more females than males smoke cigarettes and there was evidence of a net increase in smoking among females at about the age of 50. Male smokers had stronger intentions to give up than female smokers. The main advantages of giving up listed by ex‐smokers were health‐related and the main disadvantages were weight gain and irritability. Current smokers also listed advantages in giving up but they were more likely to list weight gain and irritability as disadvantages. Only 8 per cent of smokers listed their own doctor among the people who would be in favour of them giving up. More non‐smokers than smokers listed diseases caused by smoking and 25 per cent of smokers (versus 9 per cent of never smokers) believed no illnesses at all are caused by smoking. Among smokers, a highly significant positive relationship was found between the belief that one's own smoking could cause a fatal illness and the intention to give up.
THE EFFECTS OF INTRODUCING A HEALTH CENTRE ON GENERAL PRACTITIONER WORKING PATTERNS
Authors: Maynard E.J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe effects of introducing health centres on the working patterns of general practitioners has been a source of investigation for years in many countries. This longitudinal study compared the effects of New Zealand's first public health centre on general practitioners with trends in a neighbouring city. Little evidence was found of a reduced workload or substantial change in clinical role amongst the health care general practitioners.
COMMENTARY: BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCE AND ITS RELATION TO MEDICINE — A NEED FOR POSITIVE ACTION
Authors: Sanson‐Fisher R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn a recent paper, Kamien highlighted the need for a behavioural science perspective in undergraduate medical education and medical practice. The current article attempts to extend this argument by delineating some of the variables which sustain the current lack of a viable and effective behavioural perspective in medical practice. Suggestions for remedying this deficit are provided.
OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENTS AND INJURIES: THE NEED FOR A NATIONAL DATA BANK
Authors: Wigglesworth E.C. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAlthough occupational hazard data are published by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) in each State capital, all these State collections are idiosyncratic. The consequent lack of uniformity effectively thwarts any but the simplest and most basic national studies of occupational health and safety. In this paper, the author examines the differences in definition, scope, coverage, source and categorisation of the various collections. In addition, he suggests that attempts to tabulate accident causes, variously presented in the different State collections, are wasteful of resources in preparation and counterproductive in their conceptualisation of the accident phenomenon.After reviewing some potential data sources for use as the basis of a national data set, he recommends that compensation data be developed for this purpose. The paper ends with a plea for the National Occupational Health and Safety Commission to use the statistics power of the Constitution to develop such a national collection.
THE PREVALENCE OF AND ANTECEDENTS TO IRON DEFICIENCY IN INFANTS IN A VICTORIAN SHIRE
Authors: Brunskill Andrew J. , Ng Kim T. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA case‐finding survey was made of eight month old infants in attending routine hearing tests in a Victorian Shire. Capillary blood samples were taken and standard haematological indices assessed as well as free‐erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels. Only 1 child out of 148 tested had a Hb level below 10 g/dl and there was no evidence of lead toxicity. There was no relation between free‐erythrocyte protoporphyrin level and volume of daily cows' milk intake as reported by the mother.
THE INCIDENCE OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN QUEENSLAND AND NEW SOUTH WALES: A COMPARISON USING ESTIMATES BASED ON HOSPITAL MORBIDITY RECORDS
Authors: RB Reznik , GB Goldstein , Ring I. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIncidence rates and death rates for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were compared in New South Wales and Queensland to investigate whether changes in death rates were correlated with changes in incidence rates. The incidence of AMI was 1.9 per cent higher for males and 14.9 per cent lower for females in Queensland than in New South Wales. Differences in age‐specific incidence rates paralleled differences in age‐specific death rates, suggesting that observed changes in death rates may reflect changes in incidence, rather than case‐fatality. Risk factor patterns are broadly similar between the two states, apart from the prevalence of cigarette smoking which, like the incidence of AMI, is higher in males and lower in females in Queensland.
15's: THEY FIT IN EVERYWHERE — ESPECIALLY THE SCHOOL BAG: A SURVEY OF PURCHASES OF PACKETS OF 15 CIGARETTES BY 14 AND 15 YEAR OLDS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA
Authors: Wilson David H. , Wakefield Melanie A. , Esterman Adrian , Baken Christopher C. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractCigarettes in packets of 15 have now been available in Australia since 1985. A survey conducted among 14 and 15 year old adolescents in the Adelaide metropolitan area in May 1986, showed that 56.3 per cent of smokers in this age group had purchased packets of 15 in the month prior to the survey. This proportion compared with 8.8 per cent of adult smokers in a survey conducted two weeks earlier. These results suggest that marketing cigarettes in packets of 15 is targeted specifically at the adolescent market. Some methods for dealing with this method of marketing are identified.
SLEEPING DISORDERS AMONG WEST AUSTRALIAN TERTIARY STUDENTS
Authors: Andrews H. B. , Davis N. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn a sample of 78 students attending the Curtin University of Technology, about one‐third of the students indicated a sleeping problem in the week prior to the survey. Approximately 10 per cent stated they had frequent problems with falling asleep and 13 per cent reported that awakening during the night was a frequent concern. In general the students reported a lower incidence of sleeping disturbances than the general population, but their primary sleep problems tended to be different from those reported elsewhere for older adults. There is a need for routine health interventions with both groups, but the intervention strategies might vary with the specific population.
ASSESSMENT OF ABORIGINAL HEALTH SERVICES
Authors: Copeman R.C. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe relationship of primary health care (PHC) to the community is currently a topic of interest in Australia. One model of community‐based PHC is that of the Aboriginal community‐controlled health services (AHSs). Although committed to providing basic medical services to their communities, the AHSs have a broader view of health and its determinants. Obtaining adequate food, housing, sanitation and water supply, legal services, employment, training and land rights are seen as vitally important to health.From their very beginnings, the Aboriginal communities have been involved in the running of the AHSs. Conversely, the AHSs have been involved in the community in three ways. Firstly, AHSs have played a vanguard role in many communities, facilitating the development of other community services and initiatives. Secondly, AHSs have identified and defined the root causes of health problems and developed community responses to those causes. Thirdly, the orientation of the services and their staff towards the community and its culture has meant that the individual patient care provided is attuned to the needs of both the individual and the community.This paper illustrates these points by reviewing the literature and using descriptive evidence from Aboriginal communities in eastern Australia.
COPING WITH THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LIFE EVENTS, COPING STRATEGIES AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS
Authors: Headey Bruce , Wearing Alexander 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe aims of this paper are to distinguish between effective and ineffective coping strategies for dealing with adverse life events occurring in different domains of a person's environment; to identify persons most at risk for deploying ineffective strategies; and to indicate interventions designed to promote effective strategies and limit the use of ineffective strategies.Recent research has suggested that different strategies may be effective for dealing with different events (stressors) and, in particular, that instrumental strategies are effective for events which present mainly cognitive problems; that affective strategies are effective for emotional problems and that avoidance strategies may be effective for uncontrollable events. Adverse events in three domains are considered in this paper: job and financial events, health events and personal relationship events. The evidence indicates that instrumental strategies are effective for all these events, that affective regulation strategies are ineffective, and that avoidance strategies are harmful.Data come from two waves of an Australian panel study (1983–85; n = 734). Respondents completed a life events inventory and were then shown a list of coping strategies and asked how they had coped with the most serious problem they had faced in the last two years. Effective coping was defined as coping which led to minimal increases in psychological distress (PD). Women, people of higher socio‐economic status (SES) and people who rated high on the traits warmth and openness to feelings more frequently used effective instrumental strategies. People who rated high on neuroticism and openness to feelings were more likely to use avoidance strategies.
COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION OR COMMUNITY MANIPULATION? A CASE STUDY OF THE ILLAWARRA CANCER APPEAL‐A‐THON
Authors: Short Stephanie D. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractFashion parades, balls, raffles, and weekly deductions from thousands of workers' pay packets were integral to success of the Cancer Appeal‐a‐thon in the Illawarra region. In 1986–87 the Illawarra community was induced to contribute $1.5 million in order to purchase a linear accelerator for the Wollongong Hospital. The community agreed that a radiotherapy machine was the number one health service priority for the region. Or did it?Application of Alford's structural interests framework to this case‐study reveals how failure to examine power relations between medical monopolizers, health care rationalizers and community participants results in an inability to recognise that alternative community needs — for cancer prevention, domiciliary care, or alternative therapies — might be unarticulated or unobservable, and in an inability to ask whether the community may be mistaken about, or unaware of, its own health needs.Specifically, the paper argues that, ‘community needs’ are easily manipulated or distorted by powerful interest groups and that the political context within which community needs are recognized, articulated and mobilized is the most important issue for community participation in the health policy‐making process.
UTILISATION OF ACUTE HOSPITALS BY AGE AND SEX IN AUSTRALIA, 1985
Authors: Mathers C.D. , Moore G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper provides estimates of the utilisation rates of acute care (short‐stay) hospitals, by age and sex, for the Australian population. Separation and bed‐day rates per 1000 persons for public. Repatriation and private hospitals in 1985 have been estimated by age group, for each sex, in each State and Territory in Australia.The Australian Base Grant, negotiated between the Commonwealth, States and Territories in the new Medicare Agreements, distributes funds for the care and treatment of Medicare patients in public hospitals. The national bed‐day utilisation rates reported in this article, have been used as the basis for population weights to allocate these funds.This paper presents the data and methods used to derive these weights, and examines the differences between them and the actual State and Territory utilisation patterns in 1985.The impact of population ageing on the overall utilisation rates for acute hospitals in Australia is examined.
ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION, CIGARETTE SMOKING AND FETAL OUTCOME IN VICTORIA, 1985
Authors: Bell Robin , Lumley Judith 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe aims of this study were to document the extent of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption by Victorian women during pregnancy and relate the use of cigarettes and alcohol to various measures of pregnancy outcome. The study found that 24 per cent of women smoked during pregnancy and smoking was more common amongst younger women; 99.5 per cent of women drank, on average, less than two standard drinks per day and older women were more likely to be drinkers than younger women; 3.6 per cent of women reported at least one episode of binge drinking during pregnancy. There was an increasing trend in the proportion of low birthweight (>2500g) infants with increasing use of tobacco and a dose‐dependent reduction in mean birthweight. Drinkers were less likely to have a pre‐term or low birthweight infant than abstainers and babies born to drinkers had a higher mean birthweight than babies born to abstainers. The results of our study did not suggest that drinkers were at increased risk of delivering an infant with a congenital malformation, however heavy drinking was very uncommon in the studied population.
HIERARCHIES, BUREAUCRACIES AND PROFESSIONS THE MEDICARE REVIEW PART TWO
Authors: Willis Evan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper is both a personal account and an analysis of the Medicare Review (part 2) that took place in 1985‐6, to which I acted as Consultant Adviser.* It analyses health policy issues associated with the recent inquiry to consider expanding the Medicare Scheme to include the services of some paramedical occupations. It considers what took place, the history of events leading up to the Review, the complexities of the review process and issues of implementation as well as the wider context. The paper moves from the descriptive to the analytical level to explain and interpret the review process from both a sociological and social policy point of view. The relevance of the Review to public health is twofold: the development and application of a new methodology to evaluate complementary health modalities on one hand, and the role of the Review in promoting both the legitimacy of these occupations, and, from a public policy analysis viewpoint, cost containment, on the other.
THE GREEN NEPHROLOGY SURVEY OF SUSTAINABILITY IN RENAL UNITS IN ENGLAND, SCOTLAND AND WALES
Authors: Connor Andrew , Mortimer Frances 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYThe impact of unmitigated climate change upon global health is predicted to be disastrous. However, the very provision of healthcare itself has a significant environmental impact, and the contribution of kidney care to the carbon footprint of the NHS is likely to be disproportionately high. Furthermore, the current economic climate will ensure that healthcare systems face unprecedented reductions in resources (or, at the very least, diminished expansion in the face of ongoing increases in demand). Improvements in the way that renal services use resources will address both issues. This survey was designed to identify a baseline for sustainability in kidney care, to support a clinical transformation to lower carbon kidney care by identifying fruitful areas for attention, and to act as an educational tool. The survey identified measures for improvement across the different areas of the provision of kidney care, including building energy use, patient and staff transport, water use and the consumption and procurement of resources. The results of the survey, which was completed by 58 adult and paediatric renal units across England, Scotland, and Wales, are reported here and potential changes are discussed.
QUALITY OF LIFE OF GREEK PATIENTS WITH END STAGE RENAL DISEASE UNDERGOING HAEMODIALYSIS
Authors: Kastrouni Maria , Sarantopoulou Eleni , Aperis Georgios , Alivanis Polichronis 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYAn evaluation of the quality of life of patients with end stage kidney disease undergoing haemodialysis in the Greek population was conducted to understand whether this quality could be improved. Comparisons were made with a similar study conducted in United States in regards to the effects of kidney disease in daily life, burden of kidney disease, work status, cognitive function, quality of social interaction, sexual function, social support, physical functioning, role physical on daily routine, pain, general health perceptions, role emotional, emotional well being, social function and energy/fatigue. Any differences are discussed and analysed. Sexual problems were found to be more prominent in this study, but the emotional status has greater influence in quality of life in the US study. The results were more positive in Greece with respect to dialysis staff encouragement, patient satisfaction, as well as acceptance and the understanding of illness. The results from our study reflect the differences of the health care systems in various countries as well as population‐related beliefs and values.
INCIDENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF TRANSPLANT RENAL ARTERY STENOSIS IN LIVING UNRELATED DONOR RENAL TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: Kamali Koosha , Abbasi Mohammad Amin , Behzadi Ashkan Heshmatzade , Mortazavi Ahmad , Bastani Bahar 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARY Background: This study was designed to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) among living donor unrelated kidney recipients. Patients and methods: Three hundred and sixty kidney consecutive transplant recipients were included in this retrospective cohort study. Informed written consent was obtained, only TRAS occurring three months after transplantation were considered. After five‐year follow up, TRAS was established in 6.6% (24 patients) of patients. Results: Mean ± SD age of recipients was 39.8 ± 14.9 years old (range 16–77). Upon multivariate analysis recipient age >50 (RR = 2.9, CI 95%: 1.33–2.93, p = 0.008), recipient BMI >30 (kg/m2) (RR: 7.97, CI 95%: 3.44–18.46, p < 0.001), retransplantation (RR = 4.88, CI 95%: 2.21–10.77, p < 0.001), cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and delayed graft function (DGF) (RR: 4.29, CI 95%: 3.12–13.79, p = 0.01) appeared to be independently associated with TRAS. Positive CMV‐antibody was more frequent in recipients with TRAS (95.83% vs. 70.8%, p = 0.04) but all of them were HCV‐antibody negative. Other variables as discussed were similar between two groups. Conclusion: High recipient age, BMI > 30, hyper trigelyceridaemia, previous transplantation, CMV infection and DGF are shown to be risk factors for TRAS.