bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Schoolchildren's social representations on bullying causes
Authors: Thornberg Robert 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to investigate schoolchildren's social representations on the causes of bullying. Individual qualitative interviews were conducted with 56 schoolchildren recruited from five elementary schools in Sweden. Mixed methods (grounded theory as well as descriptive statistic methods) were used to analyze data. According to the findings, the most prevalent social representation on bullying causes among the children is to view bullying as a reaction to deviance. The second most frequently used explanation type is to view bullying as social positioning. Other social representations on bullying causes are to explain bullying as the work of a disturbed bully, a revengeful action, an amusing game, social contamination, and a thoughtless happening. Social representations of bullying causes appear to be linked to the more general process of social categorization and seem in many bullying cases to promote moral disengagement among the children. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of protein enrichment strategies for proteome analysis of plasma
Authors: Bandow Julia E. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractEfforts to discover protein biomarkers in plasma are hampered by the high abundance of few proteins, which interfere with the detection of low‐abundant proteins. Different commercially available protein‐partitioning products were tested for their ability to lower the detection limit of proteins in 2‐D gels. Immuno‐depletion using polyclonal antibodies raised against the proteins of highest abundance (Seppro IgY14 System) was compared with a two‐step immuno‐depletion strategy, where depletion with the Seppro IgY14 column was followed by depletion with the Seppro IgY‐SuperMix system. The third strategy tested was protein pre‐fractionation using the ProteoMiner kit, where proteins compete for binding sites on bead‐bound peptide hexamers with different binding properties. The pre‐fractionated protein samples were analyzed using 2‐DE, which revealed stunning differences in protein patterns. However, detectable protein spots in the different plasma fractions contained exclusively high‐abundant proteins normally present in plasma at concentrations between 1 μg and 40 mg/mL.
Selective separation and enrichment of peptides for MS analysis using the microspheres composed of Fe3O4@nSiO2 core and perpendicularly aligned mesoporous SiO2 shell
Authors: Chen Hemei , Liu Shasha , Yang Huili , Mao Yu , Deng Chunhui , Zhang Xiangmin , Yang Pengyuan 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn this work, we report the development of a novel enrichment protocol for peptides by using the microspheres composed of Fe3O4@nSiO2 Core and perpendicularly aligned mesoporous SiO2 shell (designated Fe3O4@nSiO2@mSiO2). The Fe3O4@nSiO2@mSiO2 microspheres possess useful magnetic responsivity which makes the process of enrichment fast and convenient. The highly ordered nanoscale pores (2 nm) and high‐surface areas of the microspheres were demonstrated to have good size‐exclusion effect for the adsorption of peptides. An increase of S/N ratio over 100 times could be achieved by using the microspheres to enrich a standard peptide, and the application of the microspheres to enrich universal peptides was performed by using myoglobin tryptic digest solution. The enrichment efficiency of re‐used Fe3O4@nSiO2@mSiO2 microspheres was also studied. Large‐scale enrichment of endogenous peptides in rat brain extract was achieved by the microspheres. Automated nano‐LC‐ESI‐MS/MS was applied to analyze the sample after enrichment, and 60 unique peptides were identified in total. The facile and low‐cost synthesis as well as the convenient and efficient enrichment process of the novel Fe3O4@nSiO2@mSiO2 microspheres makes it a promising candidate for selectively isolation and enrichment of endogenous peptides from complex biological samples.
Protein subcellular localization profiling of breast cancer cells by dissociable antibody microarray staining
Authors: Fu Guanyuan , Song X. Cynthia , Yang Xufen , Peng Tao , Wang Yingjian , Zhou G. Wayne 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe have developed dissociable antibody microarray (DAMA) staining technology that provides a new approach to the global analysis of protein subcellular localization (SCL) in fixed cells. We have developed and optimized this technology for protein SCL profiling, generated ChipView, a program for management and analysis of molecular image database, and utilized the technique to identify proteins with unique SCL in breast cancer cell lines. We compared the SCL profiles of 325 proteins among nine different breast cell lines, and have identified one protein, Cyclin B1, with distinctively different SCLs between normal and cancer cell lines. With classic individual immunostaining, Cyclin B1 was confirmed to localize to the cytoplasm of seven breast cancer cell lines and in both cytoplasm and nuclei of two normal breast cell lines, and to have higher expression levels in the cancer cell lines tested.
Increased interaction between DJ‐1 and the Mi‐2/ nucleosome remodelling and deacetylase complex during cellular stress
Authors: Opsahl Jill A. , Hjørnevik Linda V. , Bull Vibeke H. , Fismen Lise , Frøyset Ann K. , Gromyko Darina , Solstad Therese , Fladmark Kari Espolin 
Published: February 2010

AbstractDJ‐1 was originally identified to be an oncogenic product, but has later been shown to be highly multifunctional. DJ‐1 plays a role in oxidative stress response and transcriptional regulation, and loss of its function leads to an early onset of Parkinsonism. To further understand the mechanisms behind DJ‐1's role in cell survival and death, we investigated alternations in endogenous DJ‐1 protein–protein interaction in apoptotic cells exposed to the phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid. By combining cellular stable isotopic labelling of amino acids in cell culture, sub‐cellular fractionation, co‐immunoprecipitation, and MS, we identified a novel group of DJ‐1 interaction partners that increased their association to DJ‐1 in okadaic acid‐exposed cells. These proteins were integral components of the Mi‐2/nucleosome remodelling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex. Knockdown of DJ‐1 and MTA2, a core component of the NuRD complex, had a similar and pro‐apoptotic effect on the transcriptional‐ and p53‐dependent cell death induced by daunorubicin. On the other hand, MTA2 knockdown had no significant effect on the progression of p53‐independent okadaic acid‐induced apoptosis. Our data suggest that the increased DJ‐1/NuRD interaction is a general anti‐stress response regulated by okadaic acid‐induced modifications of DJ‐1. The observed interaction between DJ‐1 and the NuRD complex may give new clues to how DJ‐1 can protect cells from p53‐dependent cell death.
False labelling due to quenching failure of N‐hydroxy‐succinimide–ester‐coupled dyes
Authors: Wang Weiqun , Ackermann Doreen , Mehlich Anna‐Maria , König Simone 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn comparative fluorescence gel electrophoresis experiments, cross‐talk was detected. It was traced back to a failure in the quenching process in typical labelling protocols. Despite a huge excess of potential reaction sites for the N‐hydroxy‐succinimide–ester‐coupled dye, sufficient active dye molecules were available after the quenching step to label protein molecules un‐specifically. It could be shown that only a 100‐fold increase in the amount of quencher will silence residual dye to such an extent that no artificial signals are detected.
Antitumor Effect of Plasma Treatment on U87 Glioma Xenografts: Preliminary Results
Authors: Vandamme Marc , Robert Eric , Pesnel Sabrina , Barbosa Emerson , Dozias Sébastien , Sobilo Julien , Lerondel Stéphanie , Le Pape Alain , Pouvesle Jean‐Michel 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis work was conducted to evaluate the potential antitumor effect of an in vivo plasma treatment on a U87‐luc glioma tumor. A pulsed DBD with µs pulses at moderate power was used for treatment. Electrical analyses and spectroscopic measurements were realized to characterize plasma properties. We showed that the plasma treatment was safe for mice. However, the reiterated long time plasma treatment (20 min, 3 consecutive days) produces a superficial burn. During plasma treatment, we observed an increase of subcutaneous temperature and a cutaneous skin pH reduction. After 5 d of plasma treatment, we observed a dramatical U87 bioluminescence decrease associated with a reduction of tumor volume in U87 glioma‐bearing mice.
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Influence of Cold Plasma Atmospheric Jet on Surface Integrin Expression of Living Cells
Authors: Shashurin Alexey , Stepp Mary Ann , Hawley Teresa S. , Pal‐Ghosh Sonali , Brieda Lubos , Bronnikov Svetlana , Jurjus Rosalyn A. , Keidar Michael 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe effects induced in cells due to treatment with cold atmospheric plasma jet are studied. Cell migration rate is measured by means of time‐lapse microscopy. In order to characterize cell surface integrin expression, the fluorescent response of cells after surface integrins are stained with specific antibodies is measured by flow cytometry. We show that treatment of cells with plasma jet affects the cells on sub‐cellular level, namely decreases expression of cell surface integrins (β1 and αv integrins were tested). This change in integrin expression might be the original cause for the effects observed on cellular level, such as reduced cell migration rate and cell detachment observed experimentally.
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Mass and Energy Spectrometry of Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas
Authors: Rees J. Alan , Seymour David L. , Greenwood Claire‐Louise , Gonzalvo Yolanda Aranda , Lundie David T. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractElectrical plasmas operating at atmospheric pressure are in widespread use for materials processing and in related areas such as the characterisation of surfaces. The plasma sources are of many types. Improvement of their design and optimisation of their operation require high quality diagnostic data. It is very helpful, for example, to have available information on the nature and energies of the active species produced in a source and impacting on a surface. The extension of diagnostic techniques first developed for work with low pressure plasmas to a wide variety of atmospheric plasmas is discussed, together with examples of the data obtainable.magnified image
Measures of arch height and their relationship to pain and dysfunction in people with lower limb impairments
Authors: Hegedus Eric J. , Cook Chad , Fiander Christopher , Wright Alexis 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackground and Purpose. Debate surrounds the theory that foot structure, and more specifically, the attitude of the midfoot as typified by the longitudinal arch, is associated with complaints of pain and injuries of the lower extremity. Recently, two simple clinical measures of arch height, the arch ratio (AR) and the longitudinal arch angle (LAA), have been reported as valid and reliable in the literature. The LAA has been found to approximate the lowest point of the arch during walking and running while the main strengths of the AR are that the measure takes into account foot size and arch mobility. We modified the AR so that the modified AR (mAR) would be measured in a similar fashion as the LAA to investigate if this new measure, which would account for foot size, correlated well with an established measure (LAA) that estimated the behaviour of the arch with walking and running. Also, we hoped to contribute to the literature correlating longitudinal arch height with pain — numeric pain rating scale — and dysfunction — Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE). Methods. Thirty‐five subjects for this prospective correlational study were recruited from a community based outpatient practice that was part of a tertiary care academic medical centre. Reliability and validity of our investigator and of the mAR was first examined. We then examined the correlation of the clinical classification of arch height (high, normal, or low) produced by these two measures with each other. We also explored the correlation of multiple measures of dysfunction and pain with arch height. Results. Intrarater reliability and validity of the LAA showed an intraclass correlation (ICC) of 0.978 and Pearson's correlation coefficient (PCC) of 0.885, respectively. Intrarater reliability and validity of the mAR showed an ICC of 0.961 and PCC of 0.827, respectively. The LAA and our new measure, the mAR, were correlated with each other. The self‐report measures of general health and activity level were significantly positively correlated (PCC = 0.598). Also significant and positively correlated were the LEFS and the SANE (PCC = 0.617), two measures of function. Conclusions. Pain and dysfunction may be positively correlated but longitudinal arch height does not predict either pain or dysfunction. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pressure‐induced quantum critical phenomena in YbNiGe3
Authors: Umeo Kazunori , Hosogi Norio , Avila Marcos A. , Takabatake Toshiro 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe electrical resistivity of a single crystal YbNiGe3 has been measured under pressures up to 6.5 GPa and at temperatures down to 0.3 K. The resistivity is described as ρ(T) = ρ0 + ATn at T < 4 K. The coefficient A increases by a factor of 10 with increasing pressure from 3.6 to 6.5 GPa. For P > 3.6 GPa, the exponent n decreases below 2, and reaches 1.6 at 6.5 GPa. This value is close to 1.5 expected at the quantum critical point by the spin‐fluctuation theory for a three‐dimensional antiferromagnet. These findings suggest that the quantum critical point in YbNiGe3 is located at approximately 8 GPa.
Metal induced crystallization of a‐Si using a nano‐layer of silicon oxide mask (MMIC)
Authors: Wu Chunya , Meng Zhiguo , Li Xuedong , Zhao Shuyun , Liu Zhaojun , Li Juan , Xiong Shaozhen , Wong Man , Kwok Hoi Sing 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA nano‐layer of silicon oxide mask with inducing windows was prepared on a‐Si. The inducing windows pre‐defined the crystalline nucleation positions. The morphology of the resulted MMIC poly‐Si depends on the width of the inducing windows, the thickness of silicon oxide outside the inducing windows, and the area density of the nickel inducing medium. Poly‐Si composed of continuous zonal domain (CZD) in the same width was obtained under optimal conditions. In this case, metal induced nucleation took place in some isolated sites inside the inducing windows, the crystallization of a‐Si proceeded around those isolated nuclei along radial direction inside the inducing windows, and then along radial or lateral direction outside the inducing windows. P‐channel CZD poly‐Si TFTs exhibited a field effect mobility (μFE) of ∼65 cm2/V·s, a subthreshold swing (S) of 0.56 V/dec, a threshold voltage (Vth) of –3.5 V, and a ratio of on‐state to off‐state drain currents of 2.6×107. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Behavioural characterization of four endemic Stachys taxa
Authors: Savić Miroslav M. , Kukić Jelena M. , Grayer Renée J. , Milinković Marija M. , Marin Petar D. , Divljaković Jovana , Van Linn Michael , Cook James M. , Petrović Silvana D. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe performed a basic behavioral characterization of methanol extracts of four Balkan endemic Stachys taxa: S. anisochila (SA), S. beckeana (SB), S. plumosa (SP) and S. alpina subsp. dinarica (SAD). The behavioral activity of extracts dosed intraperitoneally in the range 100–400 mg/kg was examined in adult male Wistar rats, in the elevated plus maze, spontaneous locomotor activity, and grip strength tests, mainly predictive of anxiolytic, sedative and myorelaxant actions, respectively. All investigated Stachys extracts lacked anxiolytic or myorelaxant activities, while SB at 400 mg/kg exerted an anxiogenic‐like effect. The study with the selective antagonist β‐CCt showed that the sedative effect of SAD was only partially mediated by GABAA receptors containing the α1‐subunit. While discernible, the behavioral effects of SA and SP were not distinct. In all extracts, chlorogenic acid and verbascoside were identified. In SA, SB, and SAD the flavonoid fraction was constituted of isoscutellarein and hypolaetine glycosides, while in SP chrysoeriol and apigenin glycosides were present. The results reveal the psychotropic potential of four endemic Stachys taxa, of which SAD appeared most promising as a natural sedative. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amelioration of oxidative stress in red blood cells from patients with β‐thalassemia major and intermedia and E‐β‐thalassemia following administration of a fermented papaya preparation
Authors: Fibach Eitan , Tan Ee‐Shien , Jamuar Saumya , Ng Ivy , Amer Johnny , Rachmilewitz Eliezer A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn β‐hemoglobinopathies, such as β‐thalassemia (thal) and sickle cell anemia, the primary defects are mutations in the β‐globin gene. However, many aspects of the pathophysiology are mediated by oxidative stress. Fermented papaya preparation (FPP), a natural health food product obtained by biofermentation of carica papaya, has been shown to limit oxidative stress both in vitro and in vivo. We studied the effect of FPP on two groups of β‐thal patients: β‐thal, major and intermedia, (in Israel) and E‐β‐thal (in Singapore). The results indicated that in both groups FPP treatment increased the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) in red blood cells (RBC), and decreased their reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, membrane lipid peroxidation, and externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS), indicating amelioration of their oxidative status, without a significant change in the hematological parameters. Since the turnover of the erythron is relatively slow, it is possible that longer duration of treatment, probably with the addition of an iron chelator, is required in order to achieve the latter goals. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sustainable packaging design: a holistic methodology for packaging design
Authors: Svanes Erik , Vold Mie , Møller Hanne , Pettersen Marit Kvalvåg , Larsen Hanne , Hanssen Ole Jørgen 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis study describes a holistic methodology for sustainable packaging design. This methodology studies the combined systems of packaging and the packaged products across the whole distribution chain from manufacturer to end consumer and the life cycle from raw material extraction to the waste phase. It contains a number of indicators that are grouped into the following main categories: environmental sustainability, distribution costs, product protection, market acceptance and user friendliness. The methodology integrates a number of different analytical methods. It is intended to be used in packaging design and optimisation, for idea generation, decision support and as documentation of properties of existing packaging systems. The study describes experiences with the methodology from one case study in the Norwegian Food Industry. The experiences show that the methodology is very comprehensive, and gives a good overview of the properties of a packaging solution. It enables quantitative comparisons between different packaging solutions throughout the design process. The methodology reduces the risk of implementing sub‐optimal packaging solutions. An additional benefit of the methodology is gained by working in cross‐functional teams. One potential drawback is that the methodology can be resource and data intensive. The methodology can be used as a tool box in packaging design, i.e. it is not necessary to use all methods and quantify all indicators to gain benefit. However, all indicators and requirements should be evaluated and considered. In all cases, it should be considered to include additional indicators if important sustainability issues have not been addressed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictability of extreme meteo‐oceanographic events in the Adriatic Sea
Authors: Cavaleri L. , Bertotti L. , Buizza R. , Buzzi A. , Masato V. , Umgiesser G. , Zampieri M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe performance of state‐of‐the‐art meteorological and oceanographic numerical systems in predicting the sea state in the Adriatic Sea during intense storms is assessed. Two major storms that affected Venice are discussed. The first storm occurred on 4 November 1966, when Venice suffered its most dramatic flood event. The damage and loss of life caused by the storm and the associated flood were extremely high also because the event was poorly forecast. The 1966 event is reanalysed using state‐of‐the‐art meteorological and oceanographic numerical systems to investigate whether the poor forecast quality was due to a lack of data or of suitable numerical modelling. The second severe storm took place on 22 December 1979, when Venice experienced the second‐worst ‘acqua‐alta’ conditions in recorded history. Results show that with the present numerical systems both storms and associated wave and surge conditions could have been forecast several days in advance. Potential implications for the prediction of more frequent less intense storms are discussed, and a suitably enhanced system based on a global meteorological model and a limited area one is outlined. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Improving a spectral bin microphysical scheme using TRMM satellite observations
Authors: Li Xiaowen , Tao Wei‐Kuo , Matsui Toshihisa , Liu Chuntao , Masunaga Hirohiko 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTRMM‐observed mature‐stage squall lines during late spring and early summer in the central USA over a 9‐year period are compiled and compared with a case simulation by the Goddard Cumulus Ensemble (GCE) model with a spectral bin microphysical scheme. During the quasi‐steady state of the simulation, a forward radiative transfer model calculates TRMM Precipitation Radar (PR) reflectivity and 85 GHz brightness temperatures from simulated particle size distributions. Comparisons between model and TRMM observations using radar Contoured Frequency with Altitude Diagrams (CFADs) and 85 GHz brightness temperature probability density distributions are performed, in addition to CFADs from a surface C‐band radar for the same case. Radar CFADs comparisons reveal that the model overestimates sizes of snow/aggregates in the stratiform region.Three sets of sensitivity tests are carried out in order to improve the simulated radar reflectivity profiles: increase of aggregates' density and terminal fall velocity; changing temperature dependency of collection efficiency between ice‐phase particles, particularly those of the plate‐type; and adding a break‐up scheme for large aggregates. While all three approaches mitigate the discrepancies, changing collection efficiency produces the best match in magnitudes and characteristics of radar CFADs. In addition, interactions between ice‐ and water‐phase particles also need to be adjusted in order to have good comparisons in both radar CFADs and 85 GHz brightness temperature distributions. This study shows that long‐term satellite observations, especially those with multiple sensors, can be very useful in constraining model microphysics. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society