bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of fresh frozen plasma administration in dogs with pancreatitis: 77 cases (1995–2005)
Authors: Weatherton Linda K. , Streeter Elizabeth M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjective –Compare outcome of dogs that did and did not receive fresh frozen plasma (FFP) for treatment of pancreatitis.Design –Retrospective case series between 1995 and 2005.Setting –University referral hospital.Animals –Seventy‐four dogs were enrolled with a total of 77 cases as 2 dogs had repeat episodes of pancreatitis. Diagnosis of pancreatitis was based on clinical signs, physical examination, and abdominal ultrasonographic examination.Interventions –The medical database was searched for dogs with a diagnosis of pancreatitis. Information collected included signalment, vital signs, CBC, use of FFP, length of stay, use of antimicrobials and supplemental nutrition, surgical intervention, preexisting illness, evidence of a coagulopathy and outcome. Outcome was compared between those patients that did and did not receive FFP.Measurements and Main Results –Fifty‐nine dogs survived to discharge. Two dogs with repeat pancreatitis survived to discharge after each episode. Thirteen dogs died and 2 were euthanized. FFP was administered to 20 dogs. Two dogs that were hospitalized for repeat pancreatitis did not receive FFP. Seven of 20 (35%) cases that received plasma died or were euthanized compared with 6 of 57 (12%) cases that did not receive plasma. Plasma administration was significantly related to outcome (P<0.001). Severity of illness scores were difficult to assign, however, dogs meeting criteria for systemic inflammatory response syndrome were not more likely to receive FFP. Other therapies included supplemental nutrition, antimicrobials, and surgical intervention, which did not affect outcome.Conclusions –Mortality rate for those dogs receiving plasma was higher than those that did not. Severity of illness scores were difficult to assign; however, preexisting illness, evidence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and presence of a coagulopathy were not significantly different between the groups that did and did not receive FFP. No benefit for administration of FFP was noted. Additional investigation should be performed to confirm this result.
Characterization of biosynthesis and modes of action of prostaglandin E2and prostacyclin in guinea pig mesenteric lymphatic vessels
Authors: Rehal Sonia , Blanckaert Pauline , Roizes Simon , von der Weid Pierre‐Yves 
Published: November 2009

Background and purpose: Rhythmical transient constrictions of the lymphatic vessels provide the means for efficient lymph drainage and interstitial tissue fluid balance. This activity is critical during inflammation, to avoid or limit oedema resulting from increased vascular permeability, mediated by the release of various inflammatory mediators. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms by which prostaglandin E2(PGE2) and prostacyclin modulate lymphatic contractility in isolated guinea pig mesenteric lymphatic vessels.Experimental approach: Quantitative RT‐PCR was used to assess the expression of mRNA for enzymes and receptors involved in the production and action of PGE2and prostacyclin in mesenteric collecting lymphatic vessels. Frequency and amplitude of lymphatic vessel constriction were measured in the presence of these prostaglandins and the role of their respective EP and IP receptors assessed.Key results: Prostaglandin E2and prostacyclin decreased concentration‐dependently the frequency, without affecting the amplitude, of lymphatic constriction. Data obtained in the presence of the EP4receptor antagonists, GW627368x (1 µM) and AH23848B (30 µM) and the IP receptor antagonist CAY10441 (0.1 µM) suggest that PGE2predominantly activates EP4, whereas prostacyclin mainly stimulates IP receptors. Inhibition of responses to either prostaglandin with H89 (10 µM) or glibenclamide (1 µM) suggested a role for the activation of protein kinase A and ATP‐sensitive K+channels.Conclusions and implications: Our findings characterized the inhibition of lymphatic pumping induced by PGE2or prostacyclin in guinea pig mesenteric lymphatics. This action is likely to impair oedema resolution and to contribute to the pro‐inflammatory actions of these prostaglandins.
Berry anthocyanins and anthocyanidins exhibit distinct affinities for the efflux transporters BCRP and MDR1
Authors: Dreiseitel A , Oosterhuis B , Vukman KV , Schreier P , Oehme A , Locher S , Hajak G , Sand PG 
Published: November 2009

Background and purpose: Dietary anthocyanins hold great promise in the prevention of chronic disease but factors affecting their bioavailability remain poorly defined. Specifically, the role played by transport mechanisms at the intestinal and blood–brain barriers (BBB) is currently unknown.Experimental approach: In the present study, 16 anthocyanins and anthocyanidins were exposed to the human efflux transporters multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), using dye efflux, ATPase and, for BCRP, vesicular transport assays.Key results: All test compounds interacted with the BCRP transporterin vitro. Of these, seven emerged as potential BCRP substrates (malvidin, petunidin, malvidin‐3‐galactoside, malvidin‐3,5‐diglucoside, cyanidin‐3‐galactoside, peonidin‐3‐glucoside, cyanidin‐3‐glucoside) and 12 as potential inhibitors of BCRP (cyanidin, peonidin, cyanidin‐3,5‐diglucoside, malvidin, pelargonidin, delphinidin, petunidin, delphinidin‐3‐glucoside, cyanidin‐3‐rutinoside, malvidin‐3‐glucoside, pelargonidin‐3,5‐diglucoside, malvidin‐3‐galactoside). Malvidin, malvidin‐3‐galactoside and petunidin exhibited bimodal activities serving as BCRP substrates at low concentrations and, at higher concentrations, as BCRP inhibitors. Effects on MDR1, in contrast, were weak. Only aglycones exerted mild inhibitory activity.Conclusions and implications: Although the anthocyanidins under study may alter pharmacokinetics of drugs that are BCRP substrates, they are less likely to interfere with activities of MDR1 substrates. The present data suggest that several anthocyanins and anthocyanidins may be actively transported out of intestinal tissues and endothelia, limiting their bioavailability in plasma and brain.
Cluster Headache is Associated With the Alcohol Dehydrogenase 4 (ADH4) Gene
Authors: Rainero Innocenzo , Rubino Elisa , Gallone Salvatore , Fenoglio Pierpaola , Negro Elisa , De Martino Paola , Savi Lidia , Pinessi Lorenzo 
Published: November 2009

(Headache 2010;50:92‐98)Background/Objectives.— Alcohol is a well‐known trigger factor for cluster headache attacks during the active phases of the disease. The alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) pathway, which converts alcohol to the toxic substance acetaldehyde, is responsible for most of the alcohol breakdown in the liver. Humans have 7 ADH genes, tightly clustered on chromosome 4q21‐q25, that encode different ADH isoforms. The ADH4 gene encodes the class II ADH4 pi subunit, which contributes, in addition to alcohol, to the metabolization of a wide variety of substrates, including retinol, other aliphatic alcohols, hydroxysteroids, and biogenic amines. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of genetic variants within the ADH4 gene with cluster headache susceptibility and phenotype.Methods.— A total of 110 consecutive unrelated cluster headache patients and 203 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls of Caucasian origin were involved in the study. Patients and controls were genotyped for 2 bi‐allelic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the ADH4 gene: SNP1 – rs1800759 and SNP2 – rs1126671. Allele, genotype, and haplotype frequencies of the examined polymorphisms were compared between cases and controls.Results.— Genotype frequencies of the rs1126671 polymorphism resulted significantly different between cluster headache patients and controls (χ2 = 10.269, P = .006). The carriage of the AA genotype, in comparison with remaining genotypes, was associated with a significantly increased disease risk (OR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.25‐4.37). Haplotype analysis confirmed the association between the ADH4 gene and the disease. No association between different clinical characteristics of cluster headache and the examined polymorphisms was found.Conclusion.— Our data suggest that cluster headache is associated with the ADH4 gene or a linked locus. Additional studies are warranted to elucidate the role of this gene in the etiopathogenesis of the disease.
MTHFR 677C>T and ACE D/I Polymorphisms in Migraine: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Schürks Markus , Rist Pamela M. , Kurth Tobias 
Published: November 2009

(Headache 2010;50:588‐599)Background.— Data on the association between the MTHFR 677C>T and ACE D/I polymorphisms and migraine including aura status are conflicting.Objective.— The objective of this study is to perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis on this topic.Methods.— We searched for studies published until March 2009 using electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Citation Index) and reference lists of studies and reviews on the topic. Assessment for eligibility of studies and extraction of data was performed by 2 independent investigators. For each study we calculated the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) assuming additive, dominant, and recessive genetic models. We then calculated pooled ORs and 95% CIs.Results.— Thirteen studies investigated the association between the MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism and migraine. The TT genotype was associated with an increased risk for any migraine, which only appeared for migraine with aura (pooled OR = 1.48, 95% CI 1.02‐2.13), but not for migraine without aura. Nine studies investigated the association of the ACE D/I polymorphism with migraine. The II genotype was associated with a reduced risk for migraine with aura (pooled OR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.55‐0.93) and migraine without aura (pooled OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.70‐0.99). Results for both variants were driven by studies in non‐Caucasian populations. Results among Caucasians did not suggest an association. Extractable data did not allow investigation of gene–gene interactions.Conslusions.— The MTHFR 677TT genotype is associated with an increased risk for migraine with aura, while the ACE II genotype is protective against both migraine with and without aura. Results for both variants appeared only among non‐Caucasian populations. There was no association among Caucasians.
Headache Triggers in the US Military
Authors: Theeler Brett J. , Kenney Kimbra , Prokhorenko Olga A. , Fideli Ulgen S. , Campbell William , Erickson Jay C. 
Published: November 2009

(Headache 2010;50:790‐794)Background.— Headaches can be triggered by a variety of factors. Military service members have a high prevalence of headache but the factors triggering headaches in military troops have not been identified.Objective.— The objective of this study is to determine headache triggers in soldiers and military beneficiaries seeking specialty care for headaches.Methods.— A total of 172 consecutive US Army soldiers and military dependents (civilians) evaluated at the headache clinics of 2 US Army Medical Centers completed a standardized questionnaire about their headache triggers.Results.— A total of 150 (87%) patients were active‐duty military members and 22 (13%) patients were civilians. In total, 77% of subjects had migraine; 89% of patients reported at least one headache trigger with a mean of 8.3 triggers per patient. A wide variety of headache triggers was seen with the most common categories being environmental factors (74%), stress (67%), consumption‐related factors (60%), and fatigue‐related factors (57%). The types of headache triggers identified in active‐duty service members were similar to those seen in civilians. Stress‐related triggers were significantly more common in soldiers. There were no significant differences in trigger types between soldiers with and without a history of head trauma.Conclusion.— Headaches in military service members are triggered mostly by the same factors as in civilians with stress being the most common trigger. Knowledge of headache triggers may be useful for developing strategies that reduce headache occurrence in the military.
Triptans, Serotonin Agonists, and Serotonin Syndrome (Serotonin Toxicity): A Review
Authors: Ken Gillman P. 
Published: November 2009

(Headache 2010;50:264‐272)The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have suggested that fatal serotonin syndrome (SS) is possible with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and triptans: this warning affects millions of patients as these drugs are frequently given simultaneously. SS is a complex topic about which there is much misinformation. The misconception that 5‐HT1A receptors can cause serious SS is still widely perpetuated, despite quality evidence that it is activation of the 5‐HT2A receptor that is required for serious SS. This review considers SS involving serotonin agonists: ergotamine, lysergic acid diethylamide, bromocriptine, and buspirone, as well as triptans, and reviews the experimental foundation underpinning the latest understanding of SS. It is concluded that there is neither significant clinical evidence, nor theoretical reason, to entertain speculation about serious SS from triptans and SSRIs. The misunderstandings about SS exhibited by the FDA, and shared by the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (in relation to methylene blue), are an important issue with wide ramifications.
Defining Sarcopenia in Terms of Risk of Physical Limitations: A 5‐Year Follow‐Up Study of 3,153 Chinese Men and Women
Authors: Woo Jean , Leung Jason , Sham Aprille , Kwok Timothy 
Published: November 2009

OBJECTIVES: To examine the definition of sarcopenia in Chinese subjects by relating the value of appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) divided by height squared to physical functional outcomes after 4 years.DESIGN: Four‐year prospective study.SETTING: A Chinese community in Hong Kong SAR China.PARTICIPANTS: Three thousand one hundred fifty‐three community‐living men and women aged 65 and older.METHODS: Information collected by questionnaire included demographics, health limitation on activities of daily living (ADLs), self‐care, physical activity level, dietary intake, and psychosocial functioning. Measurements included height, weight, grip strength, step length in a 6‐minute walk, and body composition. Four‐year outcomes for those with ASM in kg per height in meters squared (ASM/ht2) less than 2 standard deviations (SDs) and 2 SDs or more below the young adult mean value were compared using analysis of variance and logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounding factors such as age, fat mass, presence or absence of malnutrition, dietary protein and vitamin D intake, comorbidity, and cognitive impairment.RESULTS: Participants with ASM/ht2 2 SDs or more below the young adult mean had lower grip strength and greater limitation in climbing stairs and general ADLs after adjusting for confounding factors. A U‐shaped relationship was observed between physical limitation and ASM/ht2, with increasing physical limitation below or above a range of 7.25 to 6.75 kg/m2 in men and 6.00 to 6.25 kg/m2 in women. Values of 5.25 to 6.74 kg/m2 in women were associated with approximately 30% less risk of functional limitation after 5 years. No clear cutoff was found in men.CONCLUSION: Sarcopenia may be defined in terms of a range of values for ASM/ht2 associated with the lowest risk of future physical limitations. The importance of establishing a quantitative value for the definition of sarcopenia may facilitate future interventional studies using pharmacological or nonpharmacological strategies.
A Prospective Study Evaluating the Role of Obesity and Obstructive Sleep Apnea for Outcomes After Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: CHILUKURI KARUNA , DALAL DARSHAN , GADREY SHRIRANG , MARINE JOSEPH E. , MACPHERSON EDWIN , HENRIKSON CHARLES A. , CHENG ALAN , NAZARIAN SAMAN , SINHA SUNIL , SPRAGG DAVID , BERGER RONALD , CALKINS HUGH 
Published: November 2009

Effect of Obesity and OSA on Outcomes Post AF Ablation. Background: Obesity and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have a strong association with atrial fibrillation (AF). The purpose of this study was to prospectively determine the effects of obesity, assessed by the body mass index (BMI) and OSA on the efficacy of catheter ablation of AF.
Methods:
The patient population consisted of 109 patients (mean age: 60 ± 10 years, 79% male, 67% paroxysmal, mean BMI 28 ± 5 kg/m2) who underwent catheter ablation of AF. Based on BMI, patients were classified as normal (<25 kg/m2), overweight (≥25 and <30 kg/m2), or obese (≥30 kg/m2). OSA was assessed by the Berlin questionnaire. Clinical success was defined as at least 90% reduction in AF burden after 3‐month blanking period. Mean duration of follow‐up was 11 ± 4 months.
Results:
Of the 75 patients with clinical success, 25 (33%) had normal BMI, 29 (39%) were overweight, and 21 (28%) were obese. Among the 34 patients with failed outcome, 5 (15%) had normal BMI, 14 (41%) were overweight, and 15 (44%) were obese (P = 0.04). Twenty‐eight of the 48 patients with OSA (58%) had clinical success as opposed to 47 of the 61 patients (77%) without OSA (P = 0.036). On multivariate analysis, only BMI emerged as an independent predictor of procedural failure ((OR 1.11, CI: 1.00–1.21, P = 0.03).
Conclusions:
The results of this prospective study show that obesity, a modifiable risk factor, is an independent predictor of procedural failure after catheter ablation of AF. Whether treating obesity may improve the results of catheter ablation of AF warrants further investigation. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 521‐525, May 2010)
De la protection sociale à la vulnérabilité: réformes néolibérales en Argentine
Authors: NOVICK Marta , LENGYEL Miguel , SARABIA Marianela 
Published: November 2009

Résumé.Les auteurs analysent l'ensemble des réformes néolibérales adoptées en Argentine pendant les années quatre‐vingt‐dix, en s'intéressant tout particulièrement aux politiques sociales et à leurs conséquences sur la dynamique du marché du travail et le bien‐être des ménages. Pour avoir une vue complète de cette période, ils font un bref historique des stratégies menées à bien tant à l'époque de la substitution aux importations qu'après la crise politique, économique et sociale de 2001–02. Crise qui a débouché sur de nouvelles politiques caractérisées par une ferme volonté de les articuler entre elles et un souci d'inclusion sociale par l'emploi.
Chili: amorce d'un changement de modèle social
Authors: RIESCO Manuel 
Published: November 2009

Résumé.L'Etat chilien a modernisé le modèle social suivant deux stratégies: le développementalisme (1924–1973) et ce que l'on a appelé le «consensus de Washington» (1973–2008). Pendant la première période, l'Etat a promu les politiques sociales universelles et la réforme agraire, tout en consolidant l'infrastructure économique et institutionnelle. Après le coup d'Etat de 1973, certains services publics sont démantelés et privatisés, et le mouvement ouvrier réprimé. Après 1990, et la fin de la dictature, la politique devient plus modérée, mais l'opposition à la réglementation publique et le déséquilibre en défaveur des travailleurs perdurent. Aujourd'hui, le modèle change sous les effets de la démocratisation et de la crise mondiale.
Une pratique hybride des réformes: politiques sociales et politiques du travail en Uruguay de 1985 à 2008
Authors: ALEGRE Pablo , FILGUEIRA Fernando 
Published: November 2009

Résumé.Depuis son retour à la démocratie en 1985, l'Uruguay a connu des transformations radicales. Des adaptations par défaut au nouveau contexte international ont été combinées à des réformes en faveur du libre marché, avec une forte hétérogénéité quant au rythme et au contenu des changements. A la différence des autres pays de la région, l'Uruguay n'apas suivi une voie de réforme strictement néolibérale, mais une voie hybride. A la fin de lapériode, le résultat en est un régime du travail libéralisé et un système de politiques sociales à trois niveaux où coexistent le marché, l'ancien Etat social corporatiste et le nouvel Etat social fondé sur le ciblage des bénéficiaires.
Decrease in intrahepatic CD56+ lymphocytes in gastric and colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases
Authors: GULUBOVA MAYA , MANOLOVA IRENA , KYURKCHIEV DOBROSLAV , JULIANOV ALEXANDER , ALTUNKOVA ISKRA 
Published: November 2009

Gulubova M, Manolova I, Kyurkchiev D, Julianov A, Altunkova I. Decrease in intrahepatic CD56+ lymphocytes in gastric and colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases. APMIS 2009; 117: 870–9.The aim of the study was to examine the main intrahepatic lymphocyte subpopulations, namely CD3+ lymphocytes, natural killer (NK)‐like T lymphocytes (NKT) expressing the CD3+ CD56+ phenotype, CD56+ NK cells, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells in livers of patients with gastric and colorectal cancer with and without hepatic metastases. The proportion of each lymphocyte subset was determined in 34 patients with gastric or colorectal cancer (18 with and 16 without liver metastasis) by two‐color flow cytometry after extraction of hepatic mononuclear cell fraction. The distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations in selected areas of liver metastases and adjacent liver tissue was evaluated using immunohistochemistry for CD4, CD8, and CD56. Flow cytometry analysis revealed a significant decrease in the proportion of CD3+ CD56+ cells in metastatic livers, but not in nonmetastatic livers (11.9 ± 10.3 vs 24.2 ± 13.6%, p = 0.02). The percentage of intrahepatic CD3−CD56+ cells was also decreased in patients with metastases compared to those without (10.1 ± 11.6 vs 16.6 ± 8.9%, p = 0.039). Immunohistochemically, three types of lymphocytes (CD4+, CD8+, and CD56+) were present in the metastatic tissue, although the number of CD56+ cells was almost twice lower. We found a low prevalence of tumor‐infiltrating CD4+, CD8+, and CD56+ cells in livers with multiple metastases, whereas in cases with solitary metastasis a higher degree of lymphocyte infiltration was observed. The number of CD3−CD56+ and CD3+ CD56+ cells was decreased in metastatic livers compared to those unaffected by metastases. Therefore the prevalence of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes seems to be related to the progression of metastatic liver disease. Depletion of hepatic innate lymphocytes may reveal susceptibility to metastatic liver disease and could be a reason for the escape of metastatic cells from the mechanisms of liver immune control.
A novel diagnostic monoclonal antibody specific for Helicobacter pylori CagA of East Asian type
Authors: YASUDA AIKO , UCHIDA TOMOHISA , NGUYEN LAM TUNG , KAWAZATO HIROAKI , TANIGAWA MASATO , MURAKAMI KAZUNARI , KISHIDA TETSUKO , FUJIOKA TOSHIO , MORIYAMA MASATSUGU 
Published: November 2009

Yasuda A, Uchida T, Nguyen LT, Kawazato H, Tanigawa M, Murakami K, Kishida T, Fujioka T, Moriyama M. A novel diagnostic monoclonal antibody specific for Helicobacter pylori CagA of East Asian type. APMIS 2009; 117: 893–9.Molecular biological and epidemiological studies have suggested that Helicobacter pylori producing East Asian CagA protein variant is more virulent than that producing Western CagA. In the present study, we developed and validated an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a monoclonal antibody specifically recognizing East Asian CagA‐positive H. pylori. A total of 32 H. pylori strains were tested and the data were subjected to receiver‐operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The accuracy of the test, determined by calculating the area under the curve, was 0.96, which indicated a high level of accuracy. At the ROC optimized cutoff, the sensitivity and specificity of our ELISA method were 88.0% and 100%, respectively. The validated ELISA showed good performance in terms of sensitivity and specificity. These results suggest that this test is suitable for the diagnostic detection of East Asian CagA carrying strains. We also analyzed the localization of the CagA protein in H. pylori‐infected gastric mucosa with fluorescence immunohistochemistry, and found that CagA protein expression was up‐regulated by adhesion to epithelial cells.