bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VARIATION IN PACIFIC SALMON REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOUR ASSOCIATED WITH SPECIES, SEX AND LEVELS OF COMPETITION
Authors: Quinn Thomas 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMale and female Pacific salmon compete for different resources; females for suitable spawning sites and males for access to ripe females. Aggression should thus be primarily intra-sexual rather than inter-sexual. When different species are sympatric, males should primarily attack conspecifics whereas females should attack all females, regardless of species because they all compete for the same resource-space. The level of aggression should be a function of density, being relatively low at low densities and peaking at either intermediate or high densities. These predictions were supported in most respects by data collected on the behaviour of adult sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka), chum (O. keta) and pink (O. gorbuscha) salmon in a large, relatively homogeneous spawning channel. Males almost exclusively attacked other males, especially conspecifics. Females were more likely to attack female heterospecifics than males but still tended to attack conspecifics most often, and also directed many attacks at males. Male aggression and digging, apparently a form of intra-sexual display, were related to density of male conspecifics in the local area, and the intensity of competition from satellite males courting the female.
THE RISK OF CANNIBALISM AND MALE MATING BEHAVIOR IN THE MEDITERRANEAN PRAYING MANTID, IRIS ORATORIA
Authors: Maxwell Michael 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis study examined male behavior in response to the risk of cannibalism in the Mediterranean praying mantid, Iris oratoria (Mantodea: Mantidae). The risk of cannibalism was manipulated by placing males in one of two positions at the start of a mating trial: Frontal, where the males faced the females' fronts (high risk of cannibalism), or Rear, where the males were behind the females, facing their posteriors (lower risk). Three male behaviors were examined in terms of risk-reduction: whether the male attempted to mount the female, the direction of his first mount attempt, and the time taken for him to attempt to mount. Initial position did not have a significant effect on whether males attempted to mount the females. Males showed a preference for non-frontal mount attempts, and males placed Frontally were less likely to mount from their initial direction than were males placed in the Rear. Males placed in the Rear attempted to mount sooner than males placed Frontally, especially if the males could approach and mount while remaining behind the females. While the males approached the females, movements by both sexes resulted in changes in how the males faced the females,
Science Envy in Theories of Religion
Authors: Hughes Aaron W. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractRecent theorizing about religion has largely shifted from the cultural to the biological domain. This, however, comes with a cost. To explore this in greater detail, the present essay is divided into three parts: first, I seek to reclaim and redefine what usually passes for the “phenomenology” of religion in the writings traditionally associated with likes of Gerardus van der Leeuw, often by way of Mircea Eliade. I seek to take an initial, tentative step in this reclamation by returning to an admittedly idiosyncratic reading of one version of Heidegger’s philosophy that emerges from the pages of his Sein und Zeit. Second, to show how this new theorizing, rather than contribute to the dubious and quasi-theological discourses associated with the philosophy of religion, enables us to focus with renewed energy upon the constant process of self- and group making. In the third section, I try to nudge (with the aim of perhaps dislodging) what could well become the new regnant discourse of current theorizing about religion.
Doing it the Other Way Round: Religion as a Basic Case of ‘Normative Cognition’
Authors: Jensen Jeppe Sinding 
Published: March 2012

AbstractReligious traditions abundantly demonstrate how norms, rules, constraints and models are installed and transmitted in multiple media: myth, dogma, ritual, institutions, etc. These abound in cosmologies, classification systems, morality, and purity and they influence individual and collective human practice. The term ‘normative cognition’ is introduced here as a covering term for such enculturated and socio-culturally governed cognition. The ‘normative cognition’ approach deals with ‘cognitive governance’ effects of higher-order cognitive products on those of lower levels. Higher-order cognitive products range from religious purity rules, over highway codes to normative scripts, schemata and frames for all kinds of behavior. In short: socio-cultural products allow individual biological brains to interact and act on the world and thereby facilitate the existence of human society. I suggest that research on normative cognition not only casts new light on religion but that it contributes to a general understanding of the complex relations between cognition and culture.
Empirical method in the study of esotericism1
Authors: Hanegraaff Wouter J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe debate initiated by Segal's "defense of reductionism" has produced a polarization between the theoretical positions of reductionism and religionism, suggesting that no alternative exists. This is unfortunate, for empirical research is neither reductionist nor religionist. The article discusses this neglected empirical option. Empirical research must be based on methodological agnosticism with regard to religious and philosophical "first principles", and must fully recognize the historicity of religious phenomena. This empirical perspective is applied to the newly emerging academic field of esotericism. Antoine Faivre's definition of esotericism as a historically recognizable "form of thought" leads to a discussion of the empirical status of the history of (religious) ideas, especially in the tradition of Arthur O. Lovejoy. This is followed by a discussion of the implications of empirical method for the diachronic and the synchronic study of esotericism. It is argued that the latter pursuit entails a fundamental questioning of conventional distinctions, particularly between "gnosticism" and "mysticism".
Abuse of the Legal Personality of International Organizations and the Responsibility of Member States
Authors: d'Aspremont Jean 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIt is classically contended that when an international organization endowed with international legal personality commits an international wrongful act, the organization is to be held exclusively responsible even though the act would have constituted a violation of its member states' obligations if committed by them. This Article intends to depart from such a rigid interpretation of the responsibility of international organization and makes the argument that when member states abuse the international legal personality of an international organization through the exercise of an excessive control over the decision-making process of the organization, they must be held, together with the organization, responsible for violations of international law by the organization provided that such a wrongful act would also constitute a breach of the member states' international obligations if committed by them. It is posited here that, in this situation, member states can no longer hide behind the screen of the international legal personality of the organization. Failing to take the extent of control exercised by member states over the decision-making process of an international organization into account boils down to ignoring that autonomy is one of the constitutive elements of the legal personality of an international organization, which can bolster the contemporary move away from international institutionalism.
Mutuality and Mission: A No "Other" Way
Authors: Nothwehr Dawn 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn mission, it is not only that one practices love and justice, but also how one practices these virtues that makes the difference in the thriving of humankind. True love and justice require impassioned radical empowerment exemplified by the Incarnation; first, a full identification with poverty and abjectness, and then the relinquishment of power by the powerful and a taking up of power by the poor and the marginalized. This exchange of power needs to be based on mutuality. The present article defines and briefly elaborates on mutuality in its four forms. It then shows what mutuality illuminates and delimits and then indicates the relationship of mutuality to the traditional norms of love and justice. Finally, it indicates how consideration of mutuality can make a difference in mission.
Ministry and Contextualized Mission
Authors: Thanuzraj Lazar Stanislaus 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn this article, Indian missiologist Lazar Stanislaus reflects briefly on the nature of ministry, whether lay or ordained. He then proposes a number of new ministries which are emerging out of the contemporary Indian context, among which are ministries to street children, drug addicts, prostitutes and their children, and the ministry of empowering women. In a third section the author suggests that commitment to Jesus, learning from the people, promoting individual initiative, working for the leadership of marginalized peoples and a knowledge of other religions are ways by which new contextualized ministries can emerge in the church. Finally, five challenges to such ministries are proposed. Only when these challenges are met will ministry in the Indian Church – or any church – be truly rooted in the local context, and so truly reflect the ministry of Jesus himself.
Language and the Missionary Enterprise
Authors: Titus Noel 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSt. Paul's speech on the Areopagus, narrated by Luke in Acts 17, is a classical locus of good communication. While remaining faithful to the gospel message, Paul met the Athenians "where they were;" he "spoke their language." While such efforts at effective communication must certainly be seen as normative for missionaries, the sad fact is that missionaries have often approached other cultures with a tabula rasa mentality, disparaging local cultures and forcing the local people to learn the language of the missionaries (who were often of the same nationality as the colonizers). Canon Noel Titus traces the history of such cultural and linguistic insensitivity in the Caribbean through the indigenous people's first encounter with Europeans in Columbus, to missionary efforts in our own day. If the church is going to be faithful to its mission, it needs to attend to the culture and language of the Caribbean people.
Unity and Diversity
Authors: Nissen Johannes 
Published: March 2012

AbstractUnderstanding our interconnected world as the "oikoumene" or one household of God, Johannes Nissen in this article sketches out nine "models" of partnership that appear in the Bible. These are (1) covenant; (2) koinonia; (3) the church as the Body of Christ; (4) the eucharist; (5) the Roman notion of societas; (6) the Pauline collection; (7) the material and spiritual fellowship of the Jerusalem community; (8) "conciliar fellowship"; and (9) Jesus' criticism of the "logic of equivalency" and his replacement of it with a "logic of grace." Nissen concludes his article with several reflections on how biblical models of partnership might be interpreted within our contemporary context.
God and Mammon
Authors: Sanneh Lamin 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe modem market economy, maintains Lamin Sanneh in his Forum Paper, has shifted the emphasis in economy from the idea of the sustainable "household" (economy in its etymological meaning) to the accumulation and exchange of goods and services for profit. Market efficiency has taken primacy over human solidarity and personal dignity, and is thus in conflict with the fundamental Christian world view. Theology needs to level a critique at such economic strategies, particularly because the proponents of such strategies often appeal to biblical and gospel principles for justification. But, as scripture makes clear, there can be no "Gospel of Wealth" at the expense of the poor and marginalized of this earth.
Foundations for Mission and the Study of World Christianity
Authors: Kings Graharm 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn this Forum Paper, Henry Martyn Lecturer Graham Kings reflects on three aspects of the legacy of nineteenth century Indian missionary Henry Martyn. The first aspect is that of Martyn as linguist and translator, the second is that of Martyn as a model and inspirer of missionaries, and the third aspect is the legacy of scholarship that Martyn's memory has inspired. Kings focuses particularly on the promise of the newly-relocated Henry Martyn Library at Westminster College, Cambridge.
Effect of Rosuvastatin Monotherapy and in Combination With Fenofibrate or Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Serum Vitamin D Levels
Authors: Makariou Stefania E. , Liberopoulos Evangelos N. , Agouridis Aris P. , Challa Anna , Elisaf Moses 
Published: March 2012

Background: Low levels of 25(OH) vitamin D [25(OH)VitD] have been recognized as a new cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor. Statins seem to increase 25(OH)VitD concentration. Aim: To investigate whether combined treatment with the usual dose of rosuvastatin plus fenofibrate or omega-3 fatty acids would increase 25(OH)VitD levels compared with the high-dose rosuvastatin monotherapy in participants with mixed dislipidemia. Methods: We randomly allocated 60 patients with mixed dyslipidemia (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: >160 mg/dL plus triglycerides: >200 mg/dL) to receive rosuvastatin 40 mg (n = 22), rosuvastatin 10 mg plus fenofibrate 200 mg (n = 21), or rosuvastatin 10 mg plus omega-3 fatty acids 2 g (n = 17) daily for 3 months. Our primary end point was changes in the levels of serum 25(OH)VitD. Results: Rosuvastatin monotherapy was associated with a 53% increase in 25(OH)VitD (from 14.6 [1.0-38.0] to 17.8 [5.3-49.6] ng/mL; P = .000). Rosuvastatin plus micronized fenofibrate and rosuvastatin plus omega-3 fatty acids were associated with increases of 64% (from 14.1 [1.0-48.0] to 18.4 [6.7-52.4] ng/mL, P = .001) and 61% (from 10.4 [6.6-38.4] to 14.0 [9.6-37.6] ng/mL, P = .04), respectively. The changes in 25(OH)VitD after treatment were comparable in the 3 groups. Conclusion: High-dose rosuvastatin monotherapy and the usual dose of rosuvastatin plus fenofibrate or omega-3 fatty acids are associated with significant and similar increases in the 25(OH)VitD levels. This increase may be relevant in terms of CVD risk prevention.
Mean Platelet Volume in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever
Authors: Ekiz Fuat , Gürbüz Yunus , Başar Ömer , Aytekin Gökhan , Ekiz Özlem , Şentürk Gönül Çiçek , Aktaş Bora , Yılmaz Barış , Altınbaş Akif , Çoban Şahin , Şencan İrfan 
Published: March 2012

Introduction: Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a viral tick-borne zoonosis, which is a severe illness, causing hemorrhages in humans. Mean platelet volume (MPV) is used as a surrogate marker of platelet function and has been shown to be a sign of inflammation. The objective of the present study is to examine the association between MPV and CCHF. We also aimed to investigate the association between MPV and coagulopathy markers in the mortality rates and prognosis of patients with CCHF. Patients and Methods: Ninety-three patients with CCHF were enrolled retrospectively into the study and 15 of them were excluded according to the exclusion criteria. Twenty-five healthy individuals were included as a control group which was age and gender matched with CCHF patients. We compared the levels of MPV between the patient and the control groups. We also compared the coagulopathy markers of fatal CCHF patients (n = 9) with nonfatal cases (n = 69). Results: Platelet counts were significantly lower in the CCHF group. Levels of international normalized ratio (INR), prothrombin time (PT), and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) were significantly higher in CCHF group ( P < .001, <.001, <.001, respectively). A statistically significant increase in MPV was observed in patients with CCHF compared with healthy controls (8.63 ± 1.23 fL vs 7.65 ± 0.42 fL, P < .001). Receiver–operating characteristic curve analysis suggested that the optimum MPV level cutoff points for patients with CCHF was 8.15 fL, with a sensitivity and specificity of 65% and 88%, respectively. The MPV levels were not significantly different between group 2 (nonsurvivor) and group 1 (survivor). However, platelet count, d-dimer, INR, PT, and aPTT were also positively correlated with the mortality rates ( P = .008, <.001, <.001, <.001, and <.001, respectively). Multivariable logistic regression model showed an independent correlation between MPV and mortality rate ( P < .001). Conclusion: In conclusion, MPV may be a beneficial marker in the diagnosis of CCHF, especially in cases with thrombocytopenia, the MPV levels are high. We also conclude that MPV may independently predict the prognosis of patients with CCHF.
Linking students to appropriate interventions: A typology for social workers based on general strain theory
Authors: Weller Bridget E , Bowen Natasha K , Bowen Gary L 
Published: March 2012

• Summary: The present study employed recent elaborations on general strain theory (GST) to develop a typology of vicarious and anticipated strain. The typology also considered gender-race combinations. The study used a sample of 11,222 adolescents who completed the School Success Profile for school assessment purposes. • Findings: Latent class analysis identified four patterns of vicarious and anticipated strain among adolescents. The patterns varied by sample members’ gender-race combinations. The latent class solution was replicated with two subsamples and validated by testing its association with behavior problems. • Application: Evidence-based practices are suggested for students experiencing different combinations of strain, and specific applications for social work practice are presented.
Ubiquitous high-level gene expression in hematopoietic lineages provides effective lentiviral gene therapy of murine Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
Authors: Astrakhan Alexander , Sather Blythe D. , Ryu Byoung Y. , Khim Socheath , Singh Swati , Humblet-Baron Stephanie , Ochs Hans D. , Miao Carol H. , Rawlings David J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe immunodeficiency disorder Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) leads to life-threatening hematopoietic cell dysfunction. We used WAS protein (WASp)–deficient mice to analyze the in vivo efficacy of lentiviral (LV) vectors using either a viral-derived promoter, MND, or the human proximal WAS promoter (WS1.6) for human WASp expression. Transplantation of stem cells transduced with MND-huWASp LV resulted in sustained, endogenous levels of WASp in all hematopoietic lineages, progressive selection for WASp+ T, natural killer T and B cells, rescue of T-cell proliferation and cytokine production, and substantial restoration of marginal zone (MZ) B cells. In contrast, WS1.6-huWASp LV recipients exhibited subendogenous WASp expression in all cell types with only partial selection of WASp+ T cells and limited correction in MZ B-cell numbers. In parallel, WS1.6-huWASp LV recipients exhibited an altered B-cell compartment, including higher numbers of λ-light-chain+ naive B cells, development of self-reactive CD11c+FAS+ B cells, and evidence for spontaneous germinal center (GC) responses. These observations correlated with B-cell hyperactivity and increased titers of immunoglobulin (Ig)G2c autoantibodies, suggesting that partial gene correction may predispose toward autoimmunity. Our findings identify the advantages and disadvantages associated with each vector and suggest further clinical development of the MND-huWASp LV for a future clinical trial for WAS.
EUTOS score is not predictive for survival and outcome in patients with early chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors: a single institution experience
Authors: Jabbour Elias , Cortes Jorge , Nazha Aziz , O'Brien Susan , Quintas-Cardama Alfonso , Pierce Sherry , Garcia-Manero Guillermo , Kantarjian Hagop 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
To validate the recently reported European Treatment and Outcomes Study (EUTOS) score, we applied it to 465 patients with early chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia treated with standard-dose imatinib (n = 71), high-dose imatinib (n = 208), or second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (n = 186), and assessed its ability to predict event-free survival (EFS), transformation-free survival (TFS), and overall survival (OS). The median follow-up was 69 months. The overall complete cytogenetic response and major molecular response rates were 92% and 85%, respectively. The 3-year EFS, TFS, and OS rates were 86%, 95%, and 97%, respectively. Of the 465 patients, 427 (92%) were in low EUTOS score category. There was no difference in the major molecular response, TFS, EFS, and OS rates between patients with low and high EUTOS score, overall and within specific therapies. In conclusion, 8% of patients with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia treated at our institution are in the high EUTOS score; in this population, the EUTOS score was not predictive for outcome.
Genetic analysis of patients with leukemic transformation of myeloproliferative neoplasms shows recurrent SRSF2 mutations that are associated with adverse outcome
Authors: Zhang Su-Jiang , Rampal Raajit , Manshouri Taghi , Patel Jay , Mensah Nana , Kayserian Andrew , Hricik Todd , Heguy Adriana , Hedvat Cyrus , Gönen Mithat , Kantarjian Hagop , Levine Ross L. , Abdel-Wahab Omar , Verstovsek Srdan 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Leukemic transformation (LT) of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) is associated with a poor prognosis and resistance to therapy. Although previous candidate genetic studies have identified mutations in MPN patients who develop acute leukemia, the complement of genetic abnormalities in MPN patients who undergo LT is not known nor have specific molecular abnormalities been shown to have clinical relevance in this setting. We performed high-throughput resequencing of 22 genes in 53 patients with LT after MPN to characterize the frequency of known myeloid mutations in this entity. In addition to JAK2 and TET2 mutations, which occur commonly in LT after MPN, we identified recurrent mutations in the serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 2 (SRSF2) gene (18.9%) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) transformed from MPNs. SRSF2 mutations are more common in AML derived from MPNs compared with LT after myelodysplasia (4.8%) or de novo AML (5.6%), respectively (P = .05). Importantly, SRSF2 mutations are associated with worsened overall survival in MPN patients who undergo LT in univariate (P = .03; HR, 2.77; 95% CI, 1.10-7.00) and multivariate analysis (P < .05; HR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.01-4.42). These data suggest that SRSF2 mutations contribute to the pathogenesis of LT and may guide novel therapeutic approaches for MPN patients who undergo LT.