bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Mass Density of Mg ii Absorbers from the Australian Dark Energy Survey
Authors: Abbas Asif , Churchill Christopher W. , Kacprzak Glenn G. , Lidman Christopher , Guatelli Susanna , Bellstedt Sabine 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We present an all-southern sky survey for Mg ii
λλ2796, 2803 doublet absorbers in 951 z < 4 active galactic nucleus/quasar spectra from the Australian Dark Energy Survey. The spectral resolution ranges from R = 1400 to 1700 over the wavelengths 3700–8800 Å. The survey has a 5σ detection completeness of 50% and above for rest-frame equivalent widths W

r
(2796) ≥ 0.3 Å. We studied 656 Mg ii absorption systems over the redshift range 0.33 ≤ z ≤ 2.19 with equivalent widths 0.3 ≤ W

r
(2796) ≤ 3.45 Å. The equivalent width distribution is well fit by an exponential function with W
* = 0.76 ± 0.04 Å, and the redshift path density exhibits very little evolution. Overall, our findings are consistent with the large, predominantly northern sky, surveys of Mg ii absorbers. We developed and implemented a Monte Carlo model informed by a high-resolution Mg ii survey for determining the Mg ii mass density, ΩMg II
. We found ΩMg II
∼ 5 × 10−7 with no evidence of evolution over a ∼7 Gyr time span following Cosmic Noon. Incorporating measurements covering 2.0 ≤ z ≤ 6.4 from the literature, we extended our insights into Mg ii mass density evolution from the end of reionization well past the Cosmic Noon epoch. The presented Monte Carlo model has potential for advancing our knowledge of the evolution of mass densities of metal ions common to quasar absorption line studies, as it exploits the efficiency of large low-resolution surveys while requiring only small samples from expensive high-resolution surveys.
Hubble Space Telescope Images of SN 1987A: Evolution of the Ejecta and the Equatorial Ring from 2009 to 2022
Authors: Rosu Sophie , Larsson Josefin , Fransson Claes , Challis Peter , Kangas Tuomas , Kirshner Robert P. , Lawrence Stephen S. , Lundqvist Peter , Matsuura Mikako , Sollerman Jesper , Sonneborn George , Tenhu Linda 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Supernova (SN) 1987A offers a unique opportunity to study how a spatially resolved SN evolves into a young SN remnant. We present and analyze Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging observations of SN 1987A obtained in 2022 and compare them with HST observations from 2009 to 2021. These observations allow us to follow the evolution of the equatorial ring (ER), the rapidly expanding ejecta, and emission from the center over a wide range in wavelength from 2000 to 11,000 Å. The ER has continued to fade since it reached its maximum ∼8200 days after the explosion. In contrast, the ejecta brightened until day ∼11,000 before their emission levelled off; the west side brightened more than the east side, which we attribute to the stronger X-ray emission by the ER on that side. The asymmetric ejecta expand homologously in all filters, which are dominated by various emission lines from hydrogen, calcium, and iron. From this overall similarity, we infer the ejecta are chemically well mixed on large scales. The exception is the diffuse morphology observed in the UV filters dominated by emission from the Mg ii resonance lines that get scattered before escaping. The 2022 observations do not show any sign of the compact object that was inferred from highly ionized emission near the remnant’s center observed with JWST. We determine an upper limit on the flux from a compact central source in the [O iii] HST image. The nondetection of this line indicates that the S and Ar lines observed with JWST originate from the O free inner Si–S–Ar-rich zone and/or that the observed [O iii] flux is strongly affected by dust scattering.
Polarization Holes as an Indicator of Magnetic Field−Angular Momentum Alignment. I. Initial Tests
Authors: Wang Lijun , Cao Zhuo , Fan Xiaodan , Li Hua-bai 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The formation of protostellar disks is still a mystery, largely due to the difficulties in observations that can constrain theories. For example, the 3D alignment between the rotation of the disk and the magnetic fields (B-fields) in the formation environment is critical in some models, but so far it is impossible to observe. Here we study the possibility of probing the alignment between B-field and disk rotation using “polarization holes” (PHs). PHs are widely observed and are caused by unresolved B-field structures. With ideal magnetohydrodynamic simulations, we demonstrate that different initial alignments between B-field and angular momentum (AM) can result in B-field structures that are distinct enough to produce distinguishable PHs. Thus, PHs can potentially serve as probes for alignments between B-field and AM in disk formation.
On Innermost Stable Spherical Orbits near a Rotating Black Hole: A Numerical Study of the Particle Motion near the Plunging Region
Authors: Kopáček Ondřej , Karas Vladimír 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
According to general relativity, astrophysical black holes are described by a small number of parameters. Apart from the mass of the black hole (M), among the most interesting characteristics is the spin (a), which determines the degree of rotation, i.e., the angular momentum of the black hole. The latter is observationally constrained by the spectral and timing properties of the radiation signal emerging from an accretion disk of matter orbiting near the event horizon. In the case of the planar (standard, equatorial) accretion disk, this is the location of the innermost stable circular orbit that determines the observable radiation characteristics and allows us to measure the spin. In this paper, we discuss a more general case of the innermost stable spherical orbits (ISSOs) extending above and below the equatorial plane. To this end, we study the nonequatorial geodesic motion of particles following inclined, spherical, relativistically precessing trajectories with the aim of exploring the boundary between the regions of stable (energetically bound) and escaping (energetically unbound) motion. The concept of the radius of the ISSO should play a role in determining the inner rim of a tilted or geometrically thick accretion flow. We demonstrate that the region of inclined bound orbits has a complicated structure due to enhanced precession near the inner rim. We also explore the fate of particles launched below the radius of the marginally bound spherical orbit: these may either plunge into the event horizon or escape to radial infinity.
Extinction Values toward Embedded Planets in Protoplanetary Disks Estimated from Hydrodynamic Simulations
Authors: Alarcón Felipe , Bergin Edwin A. , Cugno Gabriele 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Upcoming new coronographs with deeper contrast limits, together with planned and current high-contrast imaging campaigns, will push the detectability limit of protoplanets. These planet-hunting campaigns present a new opportunity to characterize protoplanets and their surrounding environments. However, there are clear uncertainties as to what the extinction levels are at different regions of protoplanetary disks, which will impede our ability to characterize young planets. A correct understanding of the expected extinction, together with multiple photometric observations, will lead to constraints on the extinction levels, dust growth, disk evolution, and protoplanetary accretion rates. In this work, we used hydrodynamic simulations and protoplanetary disk observational constraints obtained from both dust and gas emission to explore the expected extinction maps for continuum filters associated with strong hydrogen lines as tracers of accretion and key broadband photometric filters. We provide a scaling relationship for the extinction as a function of planetary separation and disk mass for three different gas giant masses. We also report values for a subset of disks of interest targeted by multiple imaging campaigns. The described values will be useful for the optimal design of future planet-hunting surveys and for giving context to nondetections in protoplanetary disks and the observed fluxes of point sources along with the birth conditions of protoplanets.
Primordial Black Hole–Neutron Star Merger Rate in Modified Gravity
Authors: Fakhry Saeed , Shiravand Maryam , Farhang Marzieh 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this work, we investigate the merger rate of primordial black hole–neutron star (PBH-NS) binaries in two widely studied modified gravity (MG) models: Hu–Sawicki f(R) gravity and the normal branch of Dvali–Gabadadze–Porrati gravity. In our analysis, we take into account the effects of MG on the halo properties, including halo mass function, halo concentration parameter, halo density profile, and velocity dispersion of dark matter particles. We find that these MG models, due to their stronger gravitational field induced by an effective fifth force, predict enhanced merger rates compared to general relativity. This enhancement is found to be redshift-dependent and sensitive to model parameters and PBH mass and fraction. Assuming a PBH mass range of 5–50 M
⊙, we compare the predicted merger rate of PBH-NS binaries with those inferred from LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA observations of gravitational waves (GWs). We find that the merger rates obtained from MG models will be consistent with the GW observations if the abundance of PBHs is relatively large, with the exact amount depending on the MG model and its parameter values, as well as PBH mass. We also establish upper limits on the abundance of PBHs in these MG frameworks while comparing them with the existing non-GW constraints, which can potentially impose even more stringent constraints.
Development of a 90–600 MHz Meter-wave Solar Radio Spectrometer
Authors: Chang 常 ShuWang 树旺 , Wang 王 Bing 冰 , Lu 路 Guang 光 , Shen 申 YuPeng 玉鹏 , Bai 白 Yu 宇 , Shang 尚 ZiQian 自乾 , Zhang 张 Lei 磊 , Wu 武 Zhao 昭 , Su 苏 YanRui 艳蕊 , Chen 陈 Yao 耀 , Yan 严 FaBao 发宝 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Radio observation is important for understanding coronal mass ejections (CMEs), coronal shock waves, and high-energy electron acceleration. Here, we developed a new Chashan broadband solar radio spectrometer at a meter wavelength for observing the (super)fine structure of the solar radio burst spectrum. In the signal-receiving unit, we adopt an antenna system consisting of a 12 m large-aperture parabolic reflector and dual-line polarized logarithmic periodic feed source, as well as a high-precision Sun-tracking turntable system, all of which ensure the high-precision acquisition of solar radiation signals. For the digital receiver, we use a high-speed analog-to-digital converter with a sampling rate of 1.25 GSPS to directly sample the signal amplified and filtered by the analog receiver, simplifying the structure of the analog receiver, and design a 16k-point fast Fourier transform algorithm in the field programmable gate array to perform time–frequency transformation on the sampled signals. The default frequency and temporal resolution of the system are 76.294 kHz and 0.839 ms (up to 0.21 ms), respectively. The noise coefficient of the system is less than 1 dB, the dynamic range is more than 60 dB, and the sensitivity is as high as 1 sfu. We have observed a large number of radio bursts, including type I radio storms, hundreds of type III, ∼20 type II, and ∼15 type IV bursts in the past year. These high-quality data are useful in the further study of CMEs and associated particle acceleration and the origins of solar radio bursts.
Species diversity of fish at the Wuzhizhou Island, South China Sea based on environmental DNA
Authors: Wang Chongzhao , Ma Zhenhua , Cao Kun , Wang Xin , Xi Rui , Jiang Ting , Yang Rui , Xing Yingchun 
Published: May 2024

The Wuzhizhou Island (WZZ) is located in the Haitang Bay at the northern region of the Sanya, Hainan Island. The sea area surrouding WZZ represents a typical tropical marine ecosystem, which is characterized by diverse and complex habitats. Therefore, there are a rich variety of marine fish species at WZZ area. The marine ecosystem of WZZ had experienced seriously destroyed in 1970s - 1980s, initially recoveried in 1990s and constructed as the first national tropical marine ranch demonstration area of China in 2019. Obviously, the fish are important high trophic vertebrates in the marine ecosystem, understanding composition and distribution of fish species could help us to recognize status of ecosystem of WZZ and supply scientific data for construction of national marine ranch demonstration area. This study used eDNA technology to investigate the composition of fish community surrounding WZZ, and provided a scientific basis for realizing and protecting marine ecosystem of the South China Sea.
The waters around WZZ are part of the South China Sea, and they have abundant marine fish resources. Although some researches have investigated fish species of WZZ, however, the data are still incomplete due to the limitation of sampling methods and survey seasons. In this study, we hope to take advantages of eDNA and try to supplement data of fish species at WZZ as many as possible. Based on eDNA, this study provides the data on 179 fish species and 9 fish genera belonging to 17 orders, 63 families and 124 genera, and they are more comprehensive records of fish species surrounding WZZ. In addition, the information of Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs) for taxon identification are also provided, aiming to contribute to the establishment of a specific eDNA taxon database for fish of the South China Sea. This study includes two datasets, which are occurrence of fish taxa at WZZ area, as well as MOTUs sequences and geographical coordinate information of sampling sites. The “fish taxon occurrences” dataset presents records on taxonomic, distribution, habitat condition of 188 fish species detected using eDNA, as well as the latitude and longitude information of the sampling sites, the "MOTUs information" dataset provides the MOTUs sequences, source of sequences, abundance of sequences for 188 fish species, also includes the species matched in NCBI and the best NCBI Blast sequence similarity.
Un processus heuristique de l’écoformation pour une trans-formation des élèves et des pédagogues
Authors: Girault Marie-Laure 
Published: May 2024

La recherche-action participative nationale Grandir avec la nature vise à expérimenter et analyser «  l'école dehors  » sous les angles des pratiques pédagogiques et des types de nature investis en rapport avec leurs effets. En Lozère, les pédagogues engagés dans ce processus ont donné corps au concept d’écoformation dans leurs pratiques. Qu’ils soient convaincus, guidés par leur intuition ou sans a priori sur le sujet, leurs postures ont évolué au fil de la recherche, cheminant de l’enseignement/éducation dans la nature à l’enseignement/éducation avec la nature. De nouvelles pratiques apparaissent et leurs effets sur les élèves relèvent tant des rapports à soi, aux autres, au monde que des rapports au savoir et au pédagogue, qui s’en trouvent changés. Entre gestes d’autoformation, réflexivité et étayages collectifs, l’accompagnement méthodologique s’est appuyé sur une approche compréhensive de l’expérience vécue en mobilisant l’atelier des kaïros et la dialogique, un processus de formation en soi.
Impact of community nutrition project on malnutrition in children under five: a case of SPRING Ghana project
Authors: Thar Kei Myo Salai , Bigool Mark 
Published: May 2024

This study examines the effects of the Strengthening Partnership, Results, and Innovations in Nutrition Globally (SPRING) project on malnutrition, stunting, acute malnutrition, and underweight among children under the age of five. The project was implemented in the northern and upper-East regions of Ghana in 2014 and ended in December 2017. We employed the Difference-in-Difference (DID) estimation approach to analyze the project's impact. Our analysis showed a strong positive association between the project's effect on the probability of stunting and underweight by 11% (p=0.01) and 9% (p=0.003), respectively, in the treated regions compared with the untreated regions. However, we found no evidence of the project’s effect on acute malnutrition. We also provide suggestive evidence that the project may have influenced child nutrition status through antenatal care attendance. This study demonstrated that tackling child nutrition deficiencies through an integrated holistic approach, such as early Antenatal Care (ANC) attendance, increased access to high-quality foods, improving women's nutrition knowledge, and improving agricultural practices, can significantly reduce childhood stunting and underweight.
A Rare Case of Self-biting Behavior in Chiari Malformation 1
Authors: Sawant Neena , Rupani Karishma , Bachhav Apoorva , Uttarwar Parul 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chiari malformation (CM) 1 is the most common of all types and is often found incidentally. Neurological symptoms occur due to compression of the cerebellum or medulla at the foramen magnum and/or development of syrinx. Psychiatric symptoms have also been reported. We report a case of CM who underwent decompression surgery but developed self-biting of fingers first on the left hand, which resolved and then on the right hand with extensive mutilation and tissue damage. He improved with oral amitriptyline, but the cause of his self-biting remains unexplained. It is not uncommon to find psychiatric disorders in patients with neurological disorders; therefore, a detailed history and a holistic approach are warranted.
A Case of Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Dependence
Authors: Roy Parijat , Karia Sagar , Desousa Avinash , Sonavane Sushma 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are a family of hormones that includes the natural hormone testosterone, together with numerous synthetic testosterone analogs. When taken in higher doses and combined with exercise and proper nutrition, AAS cause users to gain muscle mass and lose body fat, even beyond naturally attainable limits. AAS have been used by competitive athletes since long but there has been an increase in its use in general population into a widespread form of substance misuse in the last few years. Here, we report the case of a 32-year-old male with AAS dependence, natural as well as synthetic, since last 10 years presenting to the outpatient department with insomnia and depressive features.
Mean Platelet Volume, Red Cell Distribution Width, and Platelet Distribution Width in Patients of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: A Retrospective Hospital-Based Study
Authors: Sathe Harshal Shriram , Mishra Kshirod Kumar , Pawar Gaurav , Borhade Shraddha 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Recent studies show the role of inflammatory and immunological changes in the body in schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). The levels of mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and red cell distribution width (RDW) are raised in inflammatory conditions. A very few studies have compared these parameters in patients of SZ and BDs. Our objective was to explore the inflammatory origins and biological distinctness between SZ and BDs through assessment of blood parameter levels.

Materials and Methods:
A hospital-based retrospective study was done on 141 SZ and 164 BD patients admitted during previous 3 years (2018–2021). Control data were obtained from the records of 93 age- and sex-matched nonpsychiatric hospital admissions. The hospital information system records of the patients were used to collect the information in the predesigned format.

Results:
The mean age of the patients of SZ and BD blood pressure (BP) was 34.48 ± 10.54 and 32.85 ± 12.68 years, respectively. The one-way analysis of variance test showed a significant difference in the MPV (mean square 13.68, P < 0.001) as well as PDW (mean square 36.84, P = 0.01) among the three groups. The RDW in the patient group was higher than the controls, but the difference was not statistically significant (mean square 3.25, P = 0.799).

Conclusion:
The elevation of hemogram parameters in the patients of SZ and BDs adds to the evidence of neuroinflammatory origins of these illnesses. In addition, a significant difference in these parameter levels between SZ and BP may imply the biological distinctness of these conditions.
Baclofen Abuse: Better To Be Suspicious Than To Be Cheated
Authors: Sharma Rachit , Ahirawadagi Tukaram C. , Kedar Pradeep Mahadeo , Ashwathanarayana Girish , Awate Sonal Sadashiv 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Since 2008, Baclofen’s gamut has gradually evolved from an anti-spastic agent to an off label anti-craving agent in Alcohol Use Disorders. However, with its accreditation in addictions psychiatry, have emerged additional risk of abuse of its relaxant properties. Over the last decade there have been increase in reports of its abuse for recreation or intentional self-harm. A high index of suspicion should be exercised in patients of Alcohol Use Disorders presenting with unexplained features of central nervous system depression. We hereby report a case of alcoholic dependence syndrome who presented in an unconscious state with bradycardia, bradypnea and pin-pointed fixed pupils after ingestion of 200 mg of tablet Baclofen with around 65 grams of alcohol and posed a diagnostic challenge.
Correlation of Resilience, Stress, and Burnout in Doctors and Nurses Working at a Dedicated COVID-19 Hospital during Second Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Panse Smita N. , More Jyoti B. , Santre Manjeet S. , Kumar Haritha S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Research conducted during the first wave of COVID-19 in India and world over has highlighted its psychological impact among health-care workers (HCWs), which kindled the current study of the aftermath of the second wave among HCWs.

Objectives:
The objective was to study the correlation between demographic factors, resilience, burnout, and stress among doctors and nurses working at a dedicated COVID-19 hospital (DCH) during the second wave.

Methodology:
The DCH doctors (residents and faculty) and nurses willing to participate in the online survey using Google forms were assessed cross-sectionally using a semi-structured questionnaire for demographic factors and psychometric scales – abbreviated Nicholson McBride Resilience Questionnaire, abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory, and Perceived Stress Scale-10 to measure resilience, burnout, and stress, respectively. The data were analyzed using Chi-square test and Pearson’s coefficient for correlation.

Results:
Out of 169 voluntary participants, 24.9% had severe perceived stress, 21% had moderate-to-severe burnout, and 49.7% had exceptional level of resilience. Severe perceived stress was seen in the lower age group (P = 0.018) and more in graduates than in postgraduates (P = 0.044). Moderate-to-severe burnout was seen in unmarried (P = 0.02), in junior doctors (P = 0.021), in those working in intensive care unit, fever clinic, and triage area (P = 0.038), and in those living away from family (P = 0.014). Exceptional level of resilience was statistically significant in nursing staff (P = 0.026). There was a statistically significant correlation between perceived stress and burnout (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The psychological impact of second wave was less among HCWs as compared to the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic.