bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Wave-Dependent Mechanisms on Storm Surge and Current Simulation during Three Extreme Weather Systems
Authors: Mo Dongxue , Hu Po , Li Jian , Hou Yijun , Li Shuiqing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The wave effect is crucial to coastal ocean dynamics, but the roles of the associated wave-dependent mechanisms, such as the wave-enhanced surface stress, wave-enhanced bottom stress, and three-dimensional wave force, are not yet fully understood. In addition, the parameterizations of each mechanism vary and need to be assessed. In this study, a coupled wave–current model based on the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere–Wave–Sediment Transport (COAWST) model system was established to identify the effect of the wave-dependent mechanism on storm surges and currents during three typical extreme weather systems, i.e., cold wave, extratropical cyclone, and typhoon systems, in a semienclosed sea. The effects of the three coupled mechanisms on the surface or bottom stress, in terms of both magnitude and direction, were investigated and quantified separately based on numerical sensitivity analysis. A total of seven parameterizations is used to evaluate these mechanisms, resulting in significant variations in the storm surge and current vectors. The similarities and differences of the wave-induced surge and wave-induced current among the various mechanisms were summarized. The change in the surface stress and bottom stress and the excessive momentum flux due to waves were found to mainly occur in shallow nearshore regions. Optimal choice of the combination of parameterization schemes was obtained through comparison with measured data. The wave-induced current in the open waters with a deep-water depth and complex terrain could generate cyclonic or anticyclonic current vorticities, the number and intensity of which always increased with the enhanced strength and rotation of the wind field increased.

Significance Statement
Waves induced by extreme weather systems can significantly modulate the storm surge and current field. Previous studies have developed different parameterizations for each physical mechanism. In this study, we aimed to separate and quantify the contribution of the wave-dependent mechanisms with typical parameterizations for storm surges and currents during three types of weather systems. The prediction of wave-induced surges in nearshore regions is critical especially during extreme weather systems and has diverse practical applications in ocean engineering. Through comparison with measured data, the best combination of parameterizations was identified, which could be helpful for regional disaster warning and management.
Ice Base Slope Effects on the Turbulent Ice Shelf–Ocean Boundary Current
Authors: Anselin J. , Holland P. R. , Jenkins A. , Taylor J. R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Efforts to parameterize ice shelf basal melting within climate models are limited by an incomplete understanding of the influence of ice base slope on the turbulent ice shelf–ocean boundary current (ISOBC). Here, we examine the relationship between ice base slope, boundary current dynamics, and melt rate using 3D, turbulence-permitting large-eddy simulations (LESs) of an idealized ice shelf–ocean boundary current forced solely by melt-induced buoyancy. The range of simulated slopes (3%–10%) is appropriate to the grounding zone of small Antarctic ice shelves and to the flanks of relatively wide ice base channels, and the initial conditions are representative of warm-cavity ocean conditions. In line with previous studies, the simulations feature the development of an Ekman boundary layer adjacent to the ice, overlaying a broad pycnocline. The time-averaged flow within the pycnocline is in thermal wind balance, with a mean shear that is only weakly dependent on the ice base slope angle α, resulting in a mean gradient Richardson number 〈Rig〉 that decreases approximately linearly with sinα. Combining this inverse relationship with a linear approximation to the density profile, we derive formulations for the friction velocity, thermal forcing, and melt rate in terms of slope angle and total buoyancy input. This theory predicts that melt rate varies like the square root of slope, which is consistent with the LES results and differs from a previously proposed linear trend. The derived scalings provide a potential framework for incorporating slope dependence into parameterizations of mixing and melting at the base of ice shelves.

Significance Statement
The majority of Antarctica’s contribution to sea level rise can be attributed to changes in ocean-driven melting at the base of ice shelves (the floating extensions of the Antarctic ice sheet). Turbulent ocean currents and melting are strongest where the ice base is steeply sloped, but few studies have systematically examined this effect. We use an idealized ice shelf–ocean model to examine how variations in ice base slope influence ocean mixing and ice melting. We derive a formula predicting that melting varies like the square root of the ice base slope, and this scaling is supported by the simulations. These results provide a potential framework for improving the representation of ice shelf melting in climate models.
Objective Verification of the Weather Prediction Center’s Mesoscale Precipitation Discussions
Authors: Bower Erica , Erickson Michael J. , Nelson James A. , Klein Mark , Orrison Andrew 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Weather Prediction Center (WPC) issues Mesoscale Precipitation Discussions (MPDs) to highlight regions where heavy rainfall is expected to pose a threat for flash flooding. Issued as short-term guidance, the MPD consists of a graphical depiction of the threat area and a technical discussion of the forecasted meteorological and hydrological conditions conducive to heavy rainfall and the potential for a flash flood event. MPDs can be issued either during or in anticipation of an event and typically are valid for up to 6 h. This study presents an objective verification of WPC’s MPDs issued between 2016 and 2022, complete with a climatology, false alarm analysis, and contingency table-based skill scores (e.g., critical success index and fractional coverage). Regional and seasonal differences become evident when MPDs are assessed based on these groupings. MPDs improved in basic skill scores between 2016 and 2020, with a slight decline in scores for 2021 and 2022. The false alarm ratio of MPDs has decreased between 2016 and 2021. The most dramatic improvement over the period occurs in the MPDs in the winter season (December, January, and February) and along the West Coast (primarily atmospheric river events). The accuracy of MPDs in this group has quadrupled when measured by fractional coverage, and the false alarm rate is approximately one-fifth of the 2016 value. Skill during active monsoon seasons tends to decrease, partially due to the large size of MPDs issued for monsoon-related flash flooding events.
Defining Types of Leadership Within an Academic Surgery Department to Promote Change for Decreasing Rates of Burnout
Authors: Grover Amelia , Santen Sally A. , Lockeman Kelly , Burns Dana , Akuamoah-Boateng Kwame , Siner Cynthia , Miller Sarah , Sparkman Brian K. , Ellis Lisa , Nye Carla 
Published: April 2024

Objectives Successful leaders influence the group they represent. Effective surgical care is tied to its leadership climate. However, most surgical providers are not attuned to their individual strengths which if known they could leverage them within their teams. This study identifies leadership types within a department of surgery which may be used to better understand and cultivate their strengths. Methods In 2022, 172 providers in an academic surgery department were offered the GallupTM CliftonStrengths assessment, a proprietary instrument that maps 34 strengths across 4 domains of leadership. The assessment provides a respondent with their top 5 strengths and the domain in which they naturally “lead”. Results Of 172 providers, 127 (74%) completed the assessment. While providers have strengths in multiple domains, they “lead with” a specific domain. Mapped from the providers’ top 10 strengths, the most common “lead with” domain for surgical providers was Executing: the ability to implement ideas and produce results. Strategic Thinking: those who are analytical and push teams forward and Relationship Building: the ability to create strong and effective teams were followed by the least common domain. Influencing: the ability to communicate ideas and lead others. Formal leaders were significantly more likely to lead with Strategic Thinking. There were no significant differences between APPs and physicians. Conclusion A majority of surgical providers “lead with” the GallupTM Executing domain. Those who lead with executing skills work tirelessly to produce outcomes. Learning to leverage the strengths of our teams to create cohesion and efficiency may improve engagement and retention.
Effects of Time of Arrival on Trauma Patient Outcomes
Authors: LaRosa Samantha K. , Stone Xander A. , Fenninger Ashley A. , Harshaw Nathaniel S. , Hoffman Kathryn M. , Moore Katherine G. , Perea Lindsey L. 
Published: April 2024

Background Arriving during “off hours” to the hospital can put patients at greater risk of complications or mortality given lesser staff. Our goal was to investigate this in trauma patients with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) of >15. We hypothesized that the patients admitted late at night and/or during the weekend, would have worse outcomes, delays to the operating room (OR), and longer lengths of stay (LOS) compared to those who arrive on a weekday during the day. Methods We performed a retrospective study from 8/1/2019 to 8/1/2022 of all trauma patients with an ISS >15 at our Level 1 Trauma Center. Patients <18 years, dead on arrival, or transferred out were excluded. Univariate and multivariable analysis were performed comparing weekday vs weekend arrivals, day vs night shift arrivals, and with patients grouped as weekday day, weekday night, weekend day, and weekend night. The primary outcome was mortality. Results 953 patients met inclusion criteria. The patients that arrived on the weekend and at night were significantly younger than their counterparts. A significantly greater percentage of Black patients arrived during night shift. Mortality, hospital LOS, and ICU LOS did not differ based on day or time of arrival. Conclusion Contrary to our hypothesis, our study did not find a significant difference in outcomes when evaluating based on a patient’s time of arrival. This gives credence that our mature trauma center can provide the same level of care despite the time of a severely injured patient’s time of arrival.
Mechanical thrombectomy for middle cerebral artery M2 occlusions
Authors: Ramazanoglu Leyla , Aslan Kalyoncu Isil , Onal Yilmaz , Velioglu Murat , Topcuoglu Osman Melih 
Published: April 2024

Background The safety and efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for proximal large vessel occlusion after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) have been demonstrated. Clinical investigations of endovascular approaches for treating AIS due to M2 occlusions have been ongoing. Purpose To assess the outcomes of M2 occlusions according to treatment modality and anatomical division. Methods A total of 113 consecutive M2 occlusions treated with endovascular treatment (EVT) at our tertiary stroke center between January 2019 and December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into three groups: mechanical thrombectomy (MT); intravenous thrombolysis plus MT (IVT + MT); and IVT alone. The primary outcomes were good prognosis (mRS = 0–2) and mortality (mRS = 6) on day 90. The secondary outcome was to determine the differences in outcomes between lesions in the superior and inferior branches of M2. Results In total, 55 (48.7%) patients underwent MT. In 42 (37.2%) patients, bridging IVT was performed with MT, and IVT alone was applied in 16 (14.2%) patients. Neither the prognosis at 90 days nor the mortality rate significantly differed among the groups. The outcomes did not significantly differ between occlusions in the superior and inferior branches of M2. Conclusion MT was found to be safe and effective for treating M2 occlusions in this series.
To Evaluate the Relationship between Maxillary and Mandibular Base Lengths with Dental Crowding in Different Skeletal Malocclusions
Authors: Nadda Parishrut , Pathania Dimple , Mahajan Vivek 
Published: April 2024

Introduction Exploring the relationship between arch dimensions and crowding has long been a topic of interest. Many studies have found significant relationship between the two, while others have suggested that crowding is a multifactorial condition and is not dependent on arch dimensions only. Objective To evaluate the relationship as well as sexual dimorphism between maxillary and mandibular skeletal base lengths with dental crowding in different skeletal malocclusions. Materials and Methods The sample comprised 100 orthodontic patients (49 males, 51 females), which were divided into three groups based on the anteroposterior relationship of maxilla with the mandible. Each group was subdivided based on the severity of mandibular and maxillary arch crowding into two subgroups, and each subgroup was further divided into male and female subjects. Measurements of maxillary and mandibular base lengths (Co-A and Co-Gn) and tooth size arch length discrepancies were obtained through lateral cephalograms and dental casts, respectively, and measurements obtained were analyzed statistically. Results Patients with class IB, IIB, and IIIB had significantly smaller maxillary and mandibular base lengths than subjects with class IA, IIA, and IIIA. A weak negative correlation was found between maxillary base length and maxillary crowding with r = –0.451 and p = .000, while a strong positive correlation was observed between maxillary and mandibular crowding with r = 0.742 and p = .000. Conclusion An inverse correlation exists between dental crowding and the lengths of maxillary and mandibular bases, regardless of skeletal malocclusion.
Process Evaluations of Diabetes Self-Management Programs: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Nsobundu Chinelo , Nmadu Yeka W. , Wagle Nikita Sandeep , Foster Margaret J. , McKyer Ellisa Lisako Jones , Sherman Ledric , Ory Marcia G. , Burdine James (Jim) N. 
Published: April 2024

Objective To conduct a systematic review of process evaluations (PEs) of diabetes self-management programs (DSMPs). Data Source An electronic search using Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), CINAHL (Ensco), Academic Search (Ebsco), and APA PsycInfo (Ebsco). Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria Peer-reviewed, empirical quantitative, qualitative, or mixed-method studies were included if they (1) were a traditional, group-based DSMP, (2) involved adults at least 18 years with T1DM or T2DM, (3) were a stand-alone or embedded PE, and (4) published in English. Data Extraction The following process evaluation outcomes were extracted: fidelity, dose delivered, dose received, reach, recruitment, retention, and context. Additional items were extracted, (eg, process evaluation type, data collection methods; theories; frameworks or conceptual models used to guide the process evaluation, and etc). Data Synthesis Due to heterogeneity across studies, studies were synthesized qualitatively (narratively). Results Sixty-eight studies (k) in 78 articles (n) (k = 68; n = 78) were included. Most were mixed methods of low quality. Studies were typically integrated into outcome evaluations vs being stand-alone, lacked theoretical approaches to guide them, and incorporated limited outcomes such as dose received, reach, and retention. Conclusion Future research should 1) implement stand-alone theoretically grounded PE studies and 2) provide a shared understanding of standardized guidelines to conduct PEs. This will allow public health practitioners and researchers to assess and compare the quality of different programs to be implemented.
3-Dimensional Evaluation of Two PNAM Techniques (Modified Grayson & AlignerNAM) on Facial Soft Tissue Morphology: A Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: H. Alisha K. , Batra Puneet , Juneja Achint , Talwar Aditya , Mohan Stuti , Sood S. C. 
Published: April 2024

Objective Evaluate facial changes after Presurgical Naso-Alveolar Molding (PNAM) in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients treated with Modified Grayson Technique and AlignerNAM (with DynaCleft nasal elevator) using a 3D facial scan. Design Randomised clinical trial. Setting Institutional study. Participants: 20 UCLP patients allocated to two groups (10 patients each). Interventions Group A patients underwent PNAM with Modified Grayson Technique and Group B patients underwent AlignerNAM (with DynaCleft nasal elevator). Their 3D facial scans were obtained by using an iOSbased application (Bellus3D FaceApp) mounted on a novel frame. These .stl files were analysed using 3D software (GOM INSPECT) at three-time intervals; before intervention (T0), after intervention (T1) and one month after lip repair surgery (T2). Main Outcome Measure(s) Changes in facial and nasolabial morphology. Results Both techniques brought significant improvement in the columellar length, nasal tip projection, columella angle, nasal tip angle and a significant reduction in cleft width. At T1, a statistically significant difference in angular and linear measurements was present in both groups. At T2, no statistically significant difference in linear parameters was observed between the two groups except for the outer lateral height of the non-cleft side, basal lateral height of the non-cleft side, and philtrum width. Similar pattern was observed in angular measurements with no statistically significant difference between the two groups except in nasolabial angle, anterior nasal base triangle III, and anterior nasal root triangle. Conclusions Aligner NAM and Modified Grayson technique are equally effective PNAM methods with similar clinical results in nasolabial morphology after lip repair surgery.
Scar Outcome in Unilateral Complete Cleft Lip Repair: A Comparative Analysis of Vertical Lip Lengthening Strategies Using the Rotation-Advancement Concept
Authors: Denadai Rafael , Araujo Karin Milleni , Campos Raphael Lelis , Lo Chi-Chin , Seo Hyung Joon , Sato Nobuhiro , Tu Junior Chun-Yu , Chou Pang-Yung , Lo Lun-Jou 
Published: April 2024

Objective To assess the differences in scar outcomes between modified rotation-advancement techniques proposed by Drs. Mohler and Noordhoff, designed to address issues such as inadequate vertical lip length and scarring on the upper third of the lip in the original rotation-advancement technique. Design Retrospective single-surgeon (RD) study. Patients Consecutive non-syndromic children ( n = 68) with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate. Interventions Modified Mohler (columellar backcut reconstructed with C flap; n = 34) and modified Noordhoff (lower, medially-created backcut reconstructed with laterally-based triangular skin flap; n = 34) repairs. Mean outcome measures Using 12-month postoperative frontal photographs, scar evaluations (overall and superior, middle, and inferior portions of the lip) were appraised by an assessment panel composed by independent professional and nonprofessional raters employing four validated qualitative scar assessment scales: Manchester Scar Scale, modified Scar-Rating Scale, Stony Brook Scar Evaluation Scale, and Visual Analog Scale. Quantitative computerized photogrammetric scar widths of the superior, middle, and inferior portions of the upper lip were also measured. Results The modified Noordhoff method showed significantly (all P < .001) better scar quality for the overall scar and superior portion of the scar in all four scales compared to the modified Mohler method, with no significant (all P > .05) difference for the middle and lower portions. No significant difference (all P > .05) was observed for photogrammetric scar width measurements. Conclusion The modified Noordhoff technique provided better qualitative results for unilateral complete cleft lip-related scars compared to the modified Mohler technique.
Design of a new 3D printed all-in-one magnetic smartphone adapter for fundus and anterior segment imaging
Authors: Rubegni Giovanni , Cartocci Alessandra , Tognetti Linda , Tosi Gianmarco , Salfi Massimiliano , Caruso Andrea , Castellino Niccolò , Orione Matteo , Cappellani Francesco , Fallico Matteo , D’Esposito Fabiana , Russo Andrea , Gagliano Caterina , Avitabile Teresio 
Published: April 2024

Purpose To describe and validate a 3D-printed adapter tool which could be used with either a slit lamp or a condensing lens, interchangeable between devices through magnetic fastening, in order to provide physicians a quick, easy and effective method of obtaining clinical photos. Materials and Methods Three specialists, with at least 4-year experience in ophthalmology, gave a rate of image quality obtained by our device and the diagnostic confidence grade. The 3 specialists conducted each 13 or 14 examinations with the smartphone and magnetic adapter. At the end of evaluation, they rated with the Likert scale the ease of use of the device in obtaining clinical images of the anterior segment and ocular fundus respectively. Results Data of quality perception and confidence demonstrated high values not dissimilar to the “de visu” eye examination. Moreover the instrument we designed turned out to be very user friendly. Conclusion Our adapter coupled with a modern smartphone was able to obtain 4k images and videos of anterior segment, central and peripheral fundus, in an easy and inexpensive way.
Retinal vascular abnormalities in myotonic dystrophy assessed by optical coherence tomography angiography – Cross-sectional study
Authors: Vasilijevic Jelena , Peric Stojan , Basta Ivana , Kovacevic Igor , Maric Gorica , Avram Nada , Gunjic Ilija , Bozic Marija 
Published: April 2024

Background The aim of the study was to detect the changes in retinal and choroidal vasculature via optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) by comparing the quantitative OCTA parameters in patients with and without myotonic dystrophies (DM). Material The cross-sectional study. Forty-one consecutive patients affected by DMs were enrolled. The inclusion criteria were molecular diagnosis of DM types 1 and 2. To avoid the age effect on microvascular changes and to justify a comparison between DM1 and DM2 patients, two control groups matched for sex and age were established. Results The vascular density was found to be significantly decreased in the DM groups compared to the controls in the macular, parafoveal and perifoveal zone of superficial capillary plexus ( p < 0.001 for the DM1 group, and p = 0.001, p = 0.005 and p = 0.026, respectively, for the DM2 group), as well as in the macular zone in the deep capillary plexus for DM1 ( p = 0.002) and deep macular and perifoveal zone for DM2 ( p = 0.007, p = 0.001, respectively). The foveal avascular zone showed no significant differences between DM1 and DM2 compared to their control groups ( p = 0.320 and p = 0.945, respectively). Conclusion Our results show that DM is associated not only with the classic pigmentary changes but also with superficial and deep retinal microvasculature abnormalities, suggesting that these changes may be related to local hypoperfusion. Optical coherence tomography angiography is a useful tool for the diagnosis and characterization of retinal changes in DM and should be part of the standard evaluation of these patients.