bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occupational road safety worldwide: lessons for research, policy and practice
Authors: Pratt S , Murray W , Townsend E , Jackson L L 
Published: March 2011

In February 2009, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and partners hosted the first International Conference on Road Safety at Work, identifying the following for 200+ participants from 44 countries.Occupational motor vehicle crashes affect a substantial proportion of road and worker fatalities, meaning that occupationally focused initiatives can be highly significant.There is a consensus for the need to adopt a systems-based approach to at-work road safety, engaging all stakeholders.At the macro level, purpose of journey should be identified in road safety statistics, and on-road incidents should be included in health and safety datasets to guide policy, regulation and enforcement. Government leadership is also required by to manage the safety of their own employees.At the organisational level, it is important to make the business case for road safety and to ensure collection of data for baseline assessment and monitoring progress. These activities should be guided by a systems-led, risk-based approach and supported by rigorous evaluation.Further efforts are required to link research and practice, and continue to engage governments, researchers, practitioners and NGOs around the globe.Follow-up activities in Europe (already taking place through the ETSC PRAISE project), Asia, Africa and the emerging BRICK economies can sustain the energy and momentum generated by NIOSH.This paper describes these outcomes in detail, making recommendations for researchers, policy makers and practitioners; and identifying how barriers to success can be overcome, based on the conference white paper, proceedings and PRAISE project reports, including good practice cases from around the world.
Injury Prevention News (IPN): a free e-newsletter for the UK and Ireland
Authors: Verne J , Brown P , Slater W , Towner E , Bellis M A , Anderson Z , Hughes K , Lyons R A , Turner S , Shepherd J , Barron S , Stone D , Fischbacher C , Lumsden E , Pollock A , Kirkwood G 
Published: March 2011

Injury Prevention News (IPN) is a free electronic newsletter produced jointly by the Injury Observatory for Britain and Ireland (IOBI;http://www.injuryobservatory.net) and the Collaboration for Accident Prevention and Injury Control (CAPIC;http://www.capic.org.uk).The purpose of IPN is to support injury prevention practitioners working in all areas of injury prevention and dealing with all age groups. IPN is a free source of information on new initiatives, statistical publications, research findings, forthcoming conferences and events, and also highlights new additions to the IOBI and CAPIC websites. Although IPN focuses on injury prevention work in the UK and Ireland, it also includes research from around the world.If you would like to receive IPN it can be downloaded freely from either the IOBI or CAPIC websites, or you can subscribe to IPN at the following web addresshttp://www.injuryobservatory.net/sign_up.html. IPN currently has more than 200 people subscribed from around the world, with many organisations helping to promote IPN by including information in their own e-bulletins and newsletters. IPN is produced three times yearly with editions in January/February, May/June and October/November.For further information or to submit content towards the newsletter please contact Samantha Turner ats.turner@swansea.ac.uk.
Estimated out of pocket medical and work loss expenses due to road traffic injuries in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Bhatti J A , Ali M , Khan U R , Razzak J A 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionOver 35 000 road traffic injuries (RTIs) were reported in Karachi in 2007. The aim of this study was to assess out of pocket medical and work loss expenses due to RTIs in Karachi.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, randomly selected RTI patients in one of the five teaching hospitals in Karachi in 2007 were contacted by phone regarding their out of pocket medical expenses, monthly income and time spent in hospital due to RTI. Reported information was then used to estimate costs for RTIs occurring in Karachi in 2007.ResultsOut of 341 RTI victims, 88% were aged 18–45 years and were men (95%). Two wheelers accounted for majority of injuries (77%, N=256) whereas 14% (N=48) were pedestrians. Twelve patients (3%) died as a result of their injuries, half of which were pedestrians while the others were two wheelers. For each mild (65%), moderate (20%) and severe injury (15%), on average US$18 (SD=127), US$245 (SD=295), US$395 (SD=394) were spent respectively as out of pocket medical expenses. Similarly work loss expenses were on average US$9 (SD=21), US$21 (SD= 124) and US$54 (SD=108) for mild, moderate and severe injury, respectively. We estimated that out of pocket medical and work loss cost were 4.7 and 1.4 million US$, respectively, in Karachi.ConclusionIn Karachi where approximately 2.7 million persons earn less a dollar a day and 11.7 million earn less than US$2 a day, prevention of RTIs should be a given a high priority.
Screening for intimate partner violence in healthcare in Kano, Nigeria: extent and determinants
Authors: John I A , Lawoko S , Svanström L 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionThe adverse health consequences of domestic violence have led to increased call to involve healthcare providers in the management of partner violence prevention through screening for it within the healthcare.ObjectiveTo assess the extent and determinants of screening for Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.Method274 healthcare providers responded to the domestic violence healthcare provider survey probing the frequency of screening for IPV, staff attitudes towards domestic abuse, perceived self efficacy in screening, availability of support networks and staff/patient safety in regard to IPV inquiry. t-Test and logistic regression were employed to study determinants of screening.ResultsMajority of participants (74%) had not screened for IPV during the preceding 3 months. Male gender, being elderly and of Yoruba ethnicity increased the likelihood of screening. With increasing perceived efficacy and increasing blame of the victim for abuse, the likelihood of screening for IPV increased.ConclusionBarriers to effective screening of IPV may emanate from the attitudes of healthcare provider towards IPV and demographic and occupational characteristics of healthcare providers. The findings have important implications for further training of specific healthcare providers with considerations to their ethnic belongings.
Patterns of severe work-related injuries in Tanzania: call for new approach to workers protection in developing countries
Authors: Kishashu Y M , Franzblau A , Robins T , Smith G 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundWork-related injuries affect people in their most productive years. Globally more than 5500 workers are killed by injuries and illnesses every day, and more than 270 million workers are injured at work each year (ILO, 2009).Severe work-related injuries and the resulting adverse socioeconomic impacts, represent a special burden to developing countries. This study, which was conducted in Tanzania, sought to describe patterns of severe traumatic work-related injuries; identify their causes and risk factors; evaluate the quality of reporting work-related injuries and; identify strategies for their prevention and control in Tanzania and other developing countries.MethodsData was collected through structured interviews with 1385 injury cases admitted in the largest trauma hospital in Tanzania from March 2007 to March 2008. Detailed information was collected after work-relatedness of a case was established. Information from interviews was linked with hospital records, workers compensation and police data.FindingsA total of 638 (46%) injury cases were classified as work-related injuries, and majority were male-workers (93%). Linkage identified 138 (10%) cases that were initially not identified as work-related. Peak age-group for both sexes was 2635 years. Road traffic injury was the most common reason for admission (62%) followed by falls (15%). Road was the leading place of injury (64%) followed by work premises (27%).ConclusionsThe study revealed new patterns of work-related injuries in Tanzania. Road traffic safety becomes an important component of workers safety in Tanzania and other developing countries.
Mapping of injuries from interpersonal violence using Geographical Information System (GIS) in an Emergency Department
Authors: Faergemann C , Rasmussen K H , Lauritsen J M 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundEmergency departments (ED's) in Denmark are now on the verge of routinely using Geographical Information System (GIS) for mapping of traffic injuries. However, GIS may also be feasible for mapping of injuries from violence.AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of GIS for mapping injuries from violence for routine use in the ED's.Material and MethodsThe study included 1188 inhabitants of the Odense Municipality in Denmark who consecutively contacted the ED at Odense University Hospital after being victims of interpersonal violence. The degree of precision regarding location of the violent act was compared to variables related to victim and the episode. Every episode of violence was geomapped and “black-spots” was indentified.ResultsOverall 92% of the violent episodes could be mapped, 59.9% (95% CI 57.1 to 62.7) exactly, 19.0% (95% CI 16.9 to 21.4) on route, and 13.1% (95% CI 11.3 to 15.2) in known area. In children only 28.6% were mapped exactly. Violence against women was mapped exactly more common than violence against men (69.9% vs 55.6%). Domestic violence was mapped exactly in 82.8% of the episodes compared to only 56.2% of the community violence. Using the GIS it was possible to identify “black-spots”.ConclusionGIS seems feasible for routine mapping of episodes of violent victimisation in ED's. Most episodes are possible to map exactly, but some variation was found with gender, age and violence typology. GIS is a useful tool to illustrate the geography of violence.
Different outcomes for similar mechanisms of injury: a comparison between two groups of intentional injuries
Authors: Avitzour M , Cohen R , Peleg K 
Published: March 2011

Firearms, cuts and falls from heights are the major causes of injury among hospitalised of aggressive attempted suicide (AAS) and victims of violence (VV).AimTo compare the outcomes of similar mechanisms of injury for patients of AAS and VV.MethodA retrospective study using data from the Israel National Trauma Registry including 10 hospitals during the years 2003–2007. ICD9 definitions of AAS and VV were utilised.ResultsDuring the study period, 825 AAS patients and 7912 VV patients were hospitalised. The most common mechanism of injury for VV was stab wounds (40%) and non-firearm fighting (28%). The outcome was different, among AAS, 45% jumped from height and 32% from stab wounds. For both groups, approximately 10% were injured from firearms. AAS patients were more severe, 39% had an ISS of 16+, 45% were hospitalised for 7+ days and 31% were admitted to the ICU, compared to 16%, 16% and 9% respectively among VV. In general, VV were younger than AAS. In-hospital mortality was 8.1 times greater among AAS victims, and similarly, rehabilitation referrals were 10 times greater among AAS patients.Conclusions and Recommendations(1) Hospitalised AAS patients are severely injured, and require increased use of hospital resources. Further research should check if this group receives the necessary support during hospitalisation and follow up treatment after discharge. (2) Methods for reducing use of aggressive mechanisms of violence should begin with the local municipality taking responsibility and working together with other forces.
Injury mortality surveillance in Vietnam: results and recommendations
Authors: Nguyen T L H , Ngoc L T T 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundIn Vietnam, the rate of deaths due to injury was three times as high as that of deaths due to infectious diseases and injury is the leading cause of death in children under 18. Injury surveillance system was set up in 2005.ObjectivesTo assess injury mortality and quality of injury mortality data recording.Design and SubjectsWe studied injury death statistic of about 90% of total 10 000 communes in 2005–2008 and conducted indept-interview with 42 health staff and 70 family members of death cases due to injuries.ResultsInjury mortality decreased from 45.01/100 000 (year-1) in 2005 to 4384/100 000 (year-1) in 2008. The 20–59 group had the highest proportion of injury mortality, followed by group of over 60. Road traffic injuries were the leading cause of death among those 15 aged and over. Drowning accounted for the highest injury mortality among those under 15. Poisoning was more common in the 20 and more age group. Falling accounted for the highest proportion of injury mortality in the 60 and more age group. Proportion of village health workers trained on recording injury mortality was low. Causes of death had not been identified and classified correctly in many communes.Conclusions and RecommendationsThis study provides use baseline information on injury mortality. The results reveal that death due to injury caused mainly by road traffic injuries and drowning and the quality of injury mortality data recording was poor and needs to be improved.
The attitudes of Croatian primary healthcare workers towards injury prevention/Safety promotion for preschool children
Authors: Crnica V , Miskulin M , Srcek I , Mujkic A 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveIn the period from 1995 to 2008, in Croatia, 2.553 children died because of injuries, making injury prevention efforts an important societal investment. The aim of this study was to establish the attitudes of primary healthcare workers in a sample comprised of gynaecologists and paediatricians working in the primary healthcare, family physicians and community nurses.Participants373 primary healthcare workers (gynaecologists, paediatricians, family physicians and community nurses).MethodsAnonymous self-administered questionnaire containing items on gender, age, length and type of work and the Croatian primary healthcare workers attitudes towards injury prevention/safety promotion for preschool children.Outcome MeasuresAttitudes towards injury prevention/safety promotion for pre-school children.ResultsThe obtained results varied greatly for different questions. For example, almost all primary healthcare workers showed correct attitudes towards prevention of drowning during bathing, prevention of playground injuries and the prevention of traffic injuries by forbidding preschool children sitting in the front seat (366 or 98.1%) and forbidding standing between the front seats during the ride (367 or 98.4%). But only 46.4% subjects recognise provocation of vomiting after a child has swallowed a potential poison as an incorrect response.ConclusionsAlthough a majority of primary healthcare workers demonstrated satisfactory attitudes, improvements are possible and necessary. A targeted, continuous education on the subject must be considered as one of the primary healthcare measures in the Croatian national program of healthcare measures.
Amending the public policy model underlying the public health approach to injury prevention in order to improve the translation of research-to-practice
Authors: Bugeja L , McClure R 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundDespite widespread application of the public health approach to injury prevention there is an acknowledged limitation in the extent to which it facilitates translation of research evidence to injury prevention practice.AimsThis paper critically examines the contemporary public health approach using the academic framework of public policy with view to amending the approach to improve the translation of research to practice.MethodsA fatal injury case study drawn the Australian experience is used to illustrate the limitations of public policy model underlying the contemporary public health approach to injury prevention and the better performance of a preferred public policy model in terms of the extent to which each facilitates translation of research to practice.ResultsIn this case study, careful accumulation of evidence relating to policy definition, causation and intervention efficacy within the research domain did not lead to policy action once this evidence was placed on the public agenda. Policy action was only achieved as a result of a window of opportunity that arose when the spate of drowning in 2004, generated public recognition of the problem and generated political will to recognise and hence implement existing policy solutions.Discussion and ConclusionsThe rational model that underlies the contemporary approach to injury prevention is consistent with the stages of empirical scientific method but not consistent with the mechanisms that drive policy implementation. The implications for these findings for the public health approach to injury prevention are that it needs to be adapted so that its foundation model from the rational to the incremental approach.
Driving errors influence an older drivers decision to give up or restrict driving
Authors: Keay L , Munoz B , Turano K , Munro C , Duncan D D , Baldwin K , Bandeen-Roche K J , Gower E W , West S K 
Published: March 2011

PurposeExplore driving errors in older drivers and the subsequent decision to restrict or stop driving.Methods1425 drivers aged 67–87, enrolled in a longitudinal study completed 5-day naturalistic driving assessment. Rate of failure to stop at red traffic lights, stop signs or safely execute left turns were modelled as predictors of stopping or restricting driving.Results1237 (87%) completed 12-months, excluding those already restricting driving(n=35), 1.5% (18/1202) had stopped and 3.4% (41/1202) restricted their driving. Errors were observed in 32/1171 (2.7%) participants at red lights, 75/1155 (6.5%) at stop-signs, 88/1170 (7.5%) at left turns. The average failure rate per traffic light, stop sign and left turn was 0.2%, 2.2% and 0.4%, respectively. Police stopped 182 drivers during the year (15%), 81 were issued infringement notices (7%) and 34 were advised to stop or restrict driving (3%) however these factors were not predictive of incident driving change. Those with traffic light failures were more likely to stop or restrict their driving (adjusted OR 1.295; 95% CI 1.078 to 1.555 per per cent increase in failure rate). Failed stop sign (p=0.6) and left turns (p=0.4) were not predictive.ConclusionsDriving errors were measured objectively in a large cohort of older drivers. While a rare event, red traffic light errors increased likelihood of subsequently restricting or ceasing driving. These findings lend support for self-regulation of driving exposure.
The use of conspicuity aids by cyclists and risk of accidents involving other road users: a population based case–control study
Authors: Miller P , Kendrick D , Coupland C , Coffey F 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundRegular cycling has been shown to improve health and has a role in tackling obesity and inactivity. Cycle collisions, particularly those involving motorised vehicles, can lead to significant mortality and morbidity and are currently a barrier to wider uptake of cycling. There is evidence that the conspicuity of cyclists is a factor in many injury collisions. Low-cost, easy to use retro-reflective and fluorescent clothing and accessories (conspicuity aids) are widely available. Their effectiveness in reducing bicycle collision accidents is unknown. This study investigated the relationship between the use of conspicuity aids and the risk of crashes involving another road user for utility and commuter cyclists.MethodsA matched case–control study was conducted.CasesAdult commuter and utility cyclists involved in accidents resulting from a collision or attempted evasion of a collision with another road user recruited at a UK emergency department.ControlsCommuter and utility cyclists matched by journey purpose, time and day of travel and geographical area recruited at public and private cycle parking. Data on the use of conspicuity aids, accident circumstances, environmental conditions, demographics, cycling experience, safety equipment use and journey characteristics was collected using self-completed questionnaires and maps. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted ORs and 95% CIs of the risk of accidents when using any item of fluorescent or reflective clothing or equipment.ResultsResults and supporting analysis will be presented.
Work-related road traffic injuries in Tanzania: evidence for improving workers compensation law in developing countries
Authors: Kishashu Y M , Franzblau A , Robins T , Smith G 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundWork-related road traffic injuries represent a considerable burden to society, affecting people in the most productive years of their lives. Severe work-related injuries and the resulting adverse socio-economic impacts, represent a special burden to developing countries. This study, which was conducted in Tanzania, sought to describe patterns of severe traumatic work-related injuries; identify their causes and risk factors; evaluate the quality of reporting work-related injuries and; identify strategies for their prevention and control in Tanzania and other developing countries.MethodsData were collected through structured interviews with 1385 injury cases admitted in the largest trauma hospital in Tanzania from March 2007 to March 2008. Detailed information was collected after work-relatedness of a case was established. Information from interviews was linked with hospital records, workers compensation and police data.FindingsA total of 638 (46%) injury cases were classified as work-related injuries, and majority were male-workers (93%). Road traffic injury was the most common reason for admission (62%) followed by falls (15%). Road was the leading place of injury (64%) followed by work premises (27%). Walking on the road side was the most common activity at the time of injury (33.5%) followed by travelling (28.4%).ConclusionsThe study revealed need for improving workers compensation law in Tanzania and other developing countries in order to cover more workers. From this new evidence, commuting injuries are now covered under the new workers compensation legislation in Tanzania.
Ethanol powered appliances: the French approach to improve their safety
Authors: Weil F , Peter Y 
Published: March 2011

Ethanol powered appliances (EPA) are usually marketed in a rather up-market position. In France, these products were marketed at low prices from the beginning, and the number of sales grew rapidly, whereas the safety of these devices was a concern. Accordingly, the DGCCRF (French national market surveillance authority) gave an impetus in 2006–2007 for the professionals to have their appliances certified, and to start a Standardisation Committee within the AFNOR. Several events an accident, a study from the Consumer Safety Commission (CSC) highlighting EPA as hazardous as regards burn, fire and intoxication hazards, and media campaign – made the DGCCRF quicken the pace of its actions in order to improve their safety:The professionals were reminded in the Economy Ministry Recommendation published in theFrench Republic Official Journal(November 2008) that their products had to meet the general safety requirement;A survey was launched in order to have a comprehensive overview of operators and their products, and analyse the safety level of each appliance.It was decided to create a Select Committee within the AFNOR Standardisation Committee composed with the DGCCRF, CSC, LNE (national laboratory of conformance-testing) and other Administrations (Health, Housing, Fire Safety). As a result, the French standard NF D 35–386 (Ethanol-fired appliances Safety requirements and test methods), whose specificity is to integrate fail-safe devices, has been published in August 2009. France is now willing to promote this standard internationally. This is an example of the French approach bringing stakeholders together for a common goal.