bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychotropic Drugs Involved in Serious Intentional Drug Overdose
Authors: Tournier M. , Grolleau A. , Cougnard A. , Moore N. , Verdoux H. , Molimard M. 
Published: March 2009

Objectives:To describe the types of psychotropic drugs ingested during intentional drug overdose (IDO) in subjects consecutively admitted to an emergency department and to assess which ones were a prognostic factor associated with increased morbidity during hospitalization.Methods:Demographic characteristics, psychiatric history, current drug treatment, characteristics of the IDO were collected for 1654 patients admitted for IDO with psychotropic drugs (anxiolytics, hypnotics, antidepressants, antipsychotics and mood stabilizers). IDOs were a priori categorized as serious if associated with at least one of the following outcomes or technical events: death, hospitalization in the ED longer than 48 hours, respiratory support, use of vasopressive drugs, cardiac massage or dialysis. All types of psychotropic drugs were entered into a logistic regression model adjusted for age and gender. A stepwise selection was used to assess the types independently associated with serious IDO. Then, numerous confounding variables were entered one at a time in the final model.Results:Nearly all the patients ingested psychotropic medications during the IDO (88.4%), most often benzodiazepines (71.6%), and half used at least two various psychotropic products. Serious IDO was associated with tricyclics (OR 5.7; 95%CI 3.3-9.8), lithium (OR 4.3; 95%CI 1.6-11.6), carbamates (OR 2.7; 95%CI 1.8-4), anticonvulsants (OR 2.4: 95%CI 1.4-4.3), first-generation antipsychotics (OR 2.4; 95%CI 1.7-3.5) or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (OR 1.6; 95%CI 1.1-2.3).Conclusion:Some drugs may be dangerous because of low toxic doses; prescriptions of short duration may be recommended. Moreover, for safety reasons, prescribers may prefer SSRIs to tricyclics and benzodiazepines to carbamates or phenothiazines.
Environmental Correlations of Acute Psychiatric Admissions and Suicides in Prague, Czech Republic. Results of Pilot Study
Authors: Vimmer M. , Cihal L. , Bartakova M. , Laufíková M. , Domluvilova D. , Poradovska J. , Paclt I. 
Published: March 2009

Objective:Seasonal variance and climatic factors interrelated in incidence of psychiatric disorders and suicide have been attracting attention of resarchers for centuries. Still there are known just a few studies on the topic, once accomplished in remote times and parts of the world, which results might be found just controversial.This pilot study analyses correlations in one year data on acute psychiatric admissions and suicides along with many objective physical parameters.Method:Used data are collected from two main psychiatric hospitals in Prague (1.5 mil. inhabitants), scientific institutes of Czech Academy of Science and Czech statistical office. Daily numbers of acutely admitted psychiatric patients during the year of 2005 (N = 3304) and suicides (N = 152) include persons of productive age, both gender, 18-65 years old. The daily admission rates, suicides and their distribution during the year and many climatic objective variables are treated with contemporary statistical methods.Results:Acute daily psychiatric admission rate seems to be significantly correlated with maximal daily temperature (x2, p= 0.05), quarters of the year (anova, p=0.003; x2, p=0.034), days of week (anova, p=0.001), weekends (t-test, p=0.0001), bank holidays (t-test, p=0.048).Daily numbers of suicide do not significantly correspond with the variables meant above.The strongest finding seems to be high risk of suicide in low air humidity condition: ODDS = 1.76.Conclusion:Daily incidence of suicidality and acute psychiatric disorders differ in seasonal distribution and supposed relations to climatic factors. The study in wider complexity to be continued.
Who Gets How Much Care in Psychiatric Outpatient Clinics and Why? [P02-128]
Authors: Wedegaertner F. , Holler G. , Emrich H.M. 
Published: March 2009

Aims:German psychiatric outpatient clinics have been established to treat the sickest among outpatients. They receive a lump sum per patient and quarter. This reimbursement is currently under scrutiny, because it can act as a disincentive for the care-givers and to the disadvantage of the patients. It was the aim of this study to elucidate the connections between individual aspects and concerns of the patients and the amount of care administered.Method:Clients of one of the largest health insurers, who visited a preselected outpatient clinic were followed for six months (p=339). All treatment activities were logged individually. Relevant sociodemographic data, the diagnoses, the individual needs and idiosyncracies, the course of the symptoms and case history were noted. Associations between the factors and utilization were tested by ANOVA and multiple linear regression models.Results:The regression model with the best fit (r2=0,48, p< 0,001) included five variables. Lower utilization is associated with living in nursing home (ß=-0,378; p< 0,001), higher age (ß=-0,273; p< 0,001), legal incapacity (ß=-0,306,p=0,002) and lower social functioning (ß=-0,187; p=0,033); higher utilization with inpatient days prior to outpatient treatment (ß=0,168; p=0,015). Treatment aims, isolated functional deficits, diagnoses and graveness of symptoms did not have a significant influence.Conclusions:Outpatient clinics should address the needs of younger patients with the aspiration of an independent life despite of a grave psychiatric disorder. Treatments administered to nursing-home inhabitants are much less complex, although these patients are even sicker. A corresponding reallocation of financial resources is suggested.
Psychiatric Challenges of Incarcerated Illegal Immigrants
Authors: Williams G. 
Published: March 2009

More than 2,300,000 men and women are incarcerated in America’s jails and prisons. The citizenship status of many offenders is unknown, since it is often not checked for a variety of budgetary and political reasons. The undocumented citizenship status of offenders commonly becomes known only after a felony conviction. They then serve their prison time in America, all the while facing ultimate deportation to their country of origin. During the past two years there has been a political intensification of the alleged need to rid America of “illegals,” with well-publicized arrests of fully-employed “illegals” in Iowa and Mississippi.Many of these prisoners have lived in the states for years, often with wives, children, and siblings living here as well. Obviously, incarceration and deportation become an incredible emotional and economic challenge for the entire family. The War on Illegals mirrors politically the War on Drugs and is probably doomed to an equal degree of failure.The presenter works in a prison with convicted felons from more than twenty countries. Many of these prisoners face deportation to their country of origin, yet they may have no family or other support systems in that country. Some are from nations that have no deportation agreements with the USA! The mental health team neeeds to respond to the effects of this political process on the inmate-patients.It is important to understand the international challenges of human migration in our time. Deepening our understanding of the driving forces of the politics of punishment is essential.
Patients’ Attitude to Breast Conserving Surgery for Breast Cancer in West China
Authors: Zhang L. , Liu C. , Guan Y. , Jiang Y. , Jiang M. , Yan X. , Zheng H. , Li P. , Chen N. , Zou L. 
Published: March 2009

Background:There seems to be geographical differences in decisions about breast conserving surgery (BCS) in breast cancer patients. This study was to evaluate patients’ attitude to BCS and to assess the factors affecting cancer practice in West China.Methods:A structured questionnaire was distributed to 184 patients, eliciting information about the patients’ characteristics, occupation, education, family life, recognition of illness, knowledge about BCS, the main means of gaining surgery information, selecting surgery approaches, preferences to breast reservation.Results:In all, 163 patients completed the questionnaire. The results indicated that only 7.4% of patients received BCS and 23% of the remaining patients desired to have BCS and the affecting factors were significantly associated with their family life, recognition of illness and the main means of gaining surgery information (P < 0.05). No associations were between BCS selecting and the other variables studied. The most frequent reasons for selecting BCS were keeping the female shape and improving quality of life (71%), the second most were postoperative recovery, minimal influence of physical function (47%) and patients’ knowledge about BCS (42%). The most frequent reasons for not selecting BCS were uncertainty about BCS results and worry about recurrence (81%), the second most was the elderly age unnecessary for BCS (40%).Conclusions:The findings indicate that breast cancer patients in West China do not take BCS as the first choice as the best treatment method. It is warranted that further study of more patients, attitude of patients’ partners and physicians to BCS.
The Role of the Clinical and Social Factors in Aggressive Behaviour of Adolescents
Authors: Badmaeva V. 
Published: March 2009

Aim:The aim of investigation is the examination of the role of clinical and social factors in genesis of formation of adolescent aggression.Materials and methods:During 2000-2006 years 977 adolescents were examined by the complex psychological-psychiatric expertise. A middle age of the patients compiled 16,7 (±1,05).Results:Among the examined adolescents in 57,9% the organic disorder was principally diagnosed, 18,3% of them revealed the disorders of schizophrenic spectrum, 8,5% compiled the forming personal disorder, another nosological stations were qualified in 10,3% of adolescents. The analyses of the consummated acts showed that 61,2% of adolescents were accused in hard and very hard aggressive-violent acts against personality (murder, the infliction of leaden physical injuries with lethal exit and sexual delicts). 1/3 of adolescent delinquents were in the station of drunkenness during committing a crime. Nearly 50% were recognized irresponsible because of mental disorder. The study of microsocial factors elicited that more then 80% of adolescents were accomplished in conditions of parents deprivation, 65% of parents abused alcohol.55% of the children had tendency to early forms of antisocial behaviour.Conclusion:An essential role in formation of early aggression interpersonal relations perform, negative family influence is determinate and lead to social and psychological alienation of a child. Negative socialization of interpersonal relations comes out on the one hand through the open conflict with other people, contrariwise, trough transference of basis activity to such spheres as abuse of psychoactive substances that aggravate their exasperation and aggression.
Compulsory Admissions in a Psychiatric Inpatient Unit: A 4-year Retrospective Study
Authors: Vieira C. , Ramos J. , Alexandre J. , Cardoso G. 
Published: March 2009

Introduction:Large discrepancies in psychiatric compulsory admission rates have been found in the different European countries. However, some trends seem to exist in most studies: compulsorily admitted patients are more frequently male, unemployed, with a lower level of education, are more likely to belong to racial minorities (mainly black), and the most frequent diagnosis is schizophrenia.Aims:To compare demographic and clinical characteristics of patients voluntarily and compulsorily admitted to a Portuguese psychiatric unit.Methods:Retrospective data of all the patients admitted to a psychiatric inpatient unit, from January 2004 to December 2007, were reviewed. The demographic and clinical characteristics of compulsorily and voluntarily admitted patients were compared.Results:In a total of 1434 admissions, 180 were compulsory (11.2%). Compared to voluntarily admitted patients, those admitted compulsorily were significantly younger (38.2 vs. 43.6 years), more frequently male (62.8 vs. 47.1%), and black (27.8% vs. 19.9%), received more often a diagnosis of schizophrenia (34.4 vs. 19.0%), and had a longer average length of stay (27.0 vs. 18.5 days). There were no statistically significant differences in the seasonality of admissions or the number of readmissions in both groups.Conclusion:The results are similar to those obtained in other studies, except for a higher rate of compulsory admissions. That can be explained by, among other factors, the low socioeconomic level and high percentage of immigrants in the local population. The comparison with voluntarily admitted patients helps identify characteristics associated with the two groups.
Forensic Psychiatric Examination of the Mixed Personality Disorders
Authors: Gorinov V. , Basilashvili O. 
Published: March 2009

The mixed personality disorder unlike other types is often enough diagnosed recently in forensic psychiatric clinic. Inspection of 50 patients with this diagnosis (men at the age from 18 till 47 years) which were convicted in violent and crimes against property has been spent.Concerning 39 persons the decision that in a crime they could realise actual character, the social danger of the actions and to supervise over them was made (full responsibility). Decisions about necessity of application of item 22 of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation («the reduced responsibility») have been accepted concerning the others exanimated persons with the recommendation about necessity of awarding punishment and treatment by the psychiatrist in the places of confinement. These persons to the present offence and inspection were earlier repeatedly involved in the criminal liability for violent crimes. They had mental immaturity, condition of unstable indemnification, infringement of inclinations (dependence on psychoactive substances, a pathological inclination to gambling, plural frustration of sexual preference). The basis for the decision about application in their relation of the item 22 of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation was the subjectively significant psycho injuring situation in a combination to the expressed emotional pressure, self-inflation reactions, and also peculiar to these persons immaturity and rigidity of emotional reactions, easing of the strong-willed control, and these factors limited their possibility to realise actual character and the social danger of the actions and to supervise over them during the tort.
Sexual Addiction and Psychiatric Comorbidity
Authors: Kamenskov M. 
Published: March 2009

In order to create hypotheses about the relationship between the dynamic of paraphilia and the other mental disorders we conducted a study of 60 males with paraphilia. All the patients were distributed in 3 diagnostic groups:1.Paraphilia and organic mental disorders (dementia - 10%; organic asthenic disorder - 5%; syndrome of limbic epilepsy personality - 18,3%; organic pseudopsychopathic disorder - 26,7%).2.Paraphilia and schizophrenic disorders (paranoid schizophrenia - 15%; pseudopsychopathic schizophrenia - 10%).3.Paraphilia and mixed and other personality disorders - 15%.Results:Dynamic transformation of paraphilia (connection of new paraphilia’s forms to already existing) has been connected with the psychotic symptoms, convulsive attacks and increase of negative symptoms of schizophrenia, epilepsy and dementia (r=0.87, p=0.02 - canonical analysis).Abnormal sexual imaginations appear during manifestation of schizophrenia in puberty age. A syndrome of a metaphysical intoxication, delusional depersonalization coexisted with available sexual perversion. In sexually mature age of patients with schizophrenia, dynamic transformation of paraphilia was associated with increase of negative symptoms (in remission). Anabatic of schizophrenia correspond with a degree of aggression sexual perversion.New forms paraphilia of patients with epilepsy appear after repeatedly transferred convulsive attacks.In persons with other organic mental disorders, dynamic transformation of paraphilia was observed in cases of formation dementia against a background of the impairments of cognitive function, deterioration in emotional control, social behavior, motivation and prognosis.Conclusion:Dynamic transformation of paraphilia corresponds with a clinic and dynamic of mental disease: schizophrenia, epilepsy and dementia.
Psychosexual Indicators of Sexual Violence in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Yakovleva E. 
Published: March 2009

Purpose:Searchof psychosexual indicators of sexual violence.Object:Infant and juvenile victims of sexual offends (51 persons).Method:Sexological.Results:Psychosexual disorders associated with sexual violence were observed in 24%.For children of 3-7 years set is significant:Sexualization of behavior:– french kissing with friends;– interest to intimate parts of body;– a frequent situating of fingers in perineum;– inserting into genitals different subjects;– seizing for a breast or genitals.Description to strangers those sexual actions which with them were realized.For children of 7-12 years set is significant:Sexualization of behavior: – tempting behavior with persons of an opposite sex with make a suggestion of sexual contact;– imitation of sexual contact;– masturbation in public place.Unusual sexual knowledge for this age.For male adolescents set is significant:Psychosexual dissociation: platonic and erotic libido is heterosexual, sexual libido is homosexual.Disorders of identity: feminine identity and hyper-role behavior only with coevals of own sex.For female adolescents set is significant:Psychosexual dissociation:– love for the concrete coeval with lack of sexual desire to him;– presence of physiological sexual reactions on without personality object (heroes of books, television movies, etc.).Illegible erotic behavior and lack of sexual desire.Sexual aversion, restrictions of verbal contacts with young men, victims terminate to use of formal female attributes.Conclusion:Results may be used for differential diagnostics of sexual development's disorders of different genesis.
Prevention of Criminality and Psychothereutic Programs
Authors: Kecman B. 
Published: March 2009

Background:Freud point to the special typo of delinquents, cold «delinquents from feeling of guilt». They delinquent behavior is determinate with unconscious motivations, delinquency of this type cannot be solved by social repression.Methods and material:This research is comparative clinical analytic prospective study in witch are compared different parameters in two examined groups. We studies 40 delinquents with neurotic disorders. All of them are examined on the Department of forensic psychiatry in Special prison hospital in Belgrade. In control group were 40 non-delinquents with neurotic disorders who are treated in the psychiatric hospital «Dr.Dragiâ Miôvić» in Belgrade. For this research, we construed special questionnaire that contains the sets of questions for analyze different variables. The results are work out by objective statistical methods, which are adapted for this research: methods of descriptive statistic and methods of statistical tests.Aim:Delinquency of people with neurotic disorders cannot be solved only by social repression, but primarily by psychotherapy, that presents special type of general prevention of criminality.Results:The results indicate that previous psychiatric treatment is the most important factor that influence on delinquent behavior. The results indicate that the risk for delinquent behavior in the non-treated group of patients with neurotic disorders elevated for twenty times (O.R. 19, 96). Those results indicated that the most important prevention factor for delinquent behavior is creating therapeutic programs for treatment of delinquents with neurotic disorders in penal institutions.
Abduction of Children by Their Parents: The Psychopathological Approach of the Problem in Mixed-ethnicity Marriages
Authors: Kontoangelos K. , Douzenis A. , Lykouras L. , Papadimitriou G. 
Published: March 2009

Introduction:Children abduction by one parent and their transport refers to a foreign country is a gradually increasing phenomenon worldwide as well as Greece. Data from the Greek Ministry of Justice show that the frequency of such incidences is up to one a day (360/year). Some but not all of these cases come to the attention of the International Social Services (Division of Greece).Method:Records of fifty (50) cases of inter family abduction were obtained. These were cases that took place during the year 2003. These records were studied and analysed. The majority of cases concerned abductions within the European Union. Permission from the Personal Data Protection service was obtained before the research.Results:It was found that fathers were predominantly the abductors (60%). Based on the medical records of the parents, the abductor had established psychopathology (fathers 51,1%; mothers 48,5%). The abducting fathers made significant use of violence (50%) compared to the mother abductors (20%). The legal procedures that ensued the abductions were particularly prolonged: The trial period until the reach of a verdict took an average of 3 years.Conclusions:In the cases of children abduction by a parent, there is high correlation between the action and the psychopathology of the abductor. The need for establishment of services appropriate to face this multidisciplinary problem is imminent. The long time each case takes to be resolved has obvious implications for the mental health of the children and the parents involved.
Mental Consequences Resulting from Torture
Authors: Arandjelovic D. , Misic P. , Petrovic M. , Serafimovic S. , Todorovic V. 
Published: March 2009

Torture is considered as physical or mental harassment, torment, causing pain, injuries and humiliation of an innocent person occurring during the shorter or longer period of time.Is human emotional behavior based on primary biological mechanism that human inherited not only from close animal predecessors, but also significantly more distant kinds on evolutionary ladder?Results of researches indicate that aggressiveness is stable pattern of behavior in children and young people. Aggressive behavior of humans decreases over the years, although certain types of personalities preserve stability of aggressive behavior.Psychological profile of torturer includes diagnostical category of antisocial personality disorder.Mental consequences resulting from torture are depression, psychosomatic reactions, aggression, state of anxiety. The contribution of victimology is significant, particularly from aspect of “selecting” psychopathological reaction. It is also important whether the torturer is known to be victims or it is a stranger. It is understandable that consequences are much more severe with people who had unfortunate to be tortured by known person.The most common psychopathological reactions are:1.Fear lived during the torture.2.Depressive reaction.3.Aggression - which may not be demonstrated in adequate manner, may be shifted to other people, which may create interpersonal disputes, before all for the victim and represents one of physical consequences resulting from torture.Torture prevention is problem of individuals, community and society as whole.Degradation of authorities in one society leads to moral erosion, and on its part, to torture on all functioning levels.