bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasticity in extended phenotypes: orb web architectural responses to variations in prey parameters
Authors: Blamires Sean J. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYA spider orb web is an extended phenotype; it modifies and interacts with the environment, influencing spider physiology. Orb webs are plastic, responding to variations in prey parameters. Studies attempting to understand how nutrients influence spider orb-web plasticity have been hampered by the inability to decouple prey nutrients from other, highly correlated, prey factors and the intrinsic link between prey protein and prey energy concentration. I analyzed the nutrient concentrations of cockroaches, and adult and juvenile crickets to devise experiments that controlled prey protein concentration while varying prey size, ingested mass, energy concentration and feeding frequency of the orb web spider Argiope keyserlingi. I found that A. keyserlingi alters overall architecture according to feeding frequency. Decoration length was inversely related to ingested prey mass and/or energy density in one experiment but directly related to ingested prey mass in another. These contradictory results suggest that factors not examined in this study have a confounding influence on decoration plasticity. As decorations attract prey as well as predators decreasing decoration investment may, in some instances, be attributable to benefits no longer outweighing the risks. Web area was altered according to feeding frequency, and mesh size altered according to feeding frequency and prey length. The number of radii in orb webs was unaffected by prey parameters. A finite amount of silk can be invested in the orb web, so spiders trade-off smaller mesh size with larger web capture area, explaining why feeding frequency influenced both web area and mesh size. Mesh size is additionally responsive to prey size via sensory cues, with spiders constructing webs suitable for catching the most common or most profitable prey.
Identifying Prenatal Cannabis Exposure and Effects of Concurrent Tobacco Exposure on Neonatal Growth
Authors: Gray Teresa R , Eiden Rina D , Leonard Kenneth E , Connors Gerard J , Shisler Shannon , Huestis Marilyn A 
Published: August 2010

BACKGROUNDCannabis is the most frequently used illicit drug among pregnant women, but data describing the effects of prenatal cannabis exposure and concurrent nicotine and cannabis exposures on neonatal growth are inconsistent. Testing of meconium, the first neonatal feces, offers objective evidence of prenatal cannabis exposure, but the relative ability of meconium testing and maternal self-report to identify affected neonates remains unclear.METHODSEighty-six pregnant women provided detailed self-reports of daily cannabis and tobacco consumption throughout pregnancy. Cannabinoids and tobacco biomarkers were identified in oral fluid samples collected each trimester and quantified in meconium at birth.RESULTSCannabis-using women were significantly more likely to also consume tobacco, and smoked similar numbers of cigarettes as non–cannabis-using tobacco smokers. As pregnancy progressed, fewer women smoked cannabis and those who continued to use cannabis reported smoking a smaller number of cannabis joints, but positive maternal oral fluid tests cast doubt on the veracity of some maternal self-reports. More neonates were identified as cannabis exposed by maternal self-report than meconium analysis, because many women quit cannabis use after the first or second trimester; meconium was more likely to be positive if cannabis use continued into the third trimester. Cannabis exposure was associated with decreased birth weight, reduced length, and smaller head circumference, even after data were controlled for tobacco coexposure.CONCLUSIONSPrenatal cannabis exposure was associated with fetal growth reduction. Meconium testing primarily identifies prenatal cannabis exposure occurring in the third trimester of gestation.
Historiography and Invisible Musics: Domestic Chamber Music in Nineteenth-Century Britain
Authors: Bashford Christina 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
A persistent idea in chamber music historiography is that nineteenth-century Britain lacked a significant, serious domestic chamber-music culture of the type so prevalent in Austro-Germany. Such activity is assumed to have dried up ca. 1800, along with indigenous chamber-music composition, to be replaced by music making at the parlor piano and attendance at public concerts. This essay challenges that view and suggests a continuing, coherent subculture of private chamber music spread across Britain, often in unexpected settings and in communities of upper- and middle-class males. Underpinning the analysis is new, suggestive documentation from a range of sources including private diaries, letters, magazines, and auction catalogs.
At the same time, many publicly oriented sources are silent about British chamber-music life, or contrast it poorly with Germany. Historical contextualization of this evidence suggests that received thinking in the twentieth century owed much to cultural ideologies embedded in the nineteenth. A knot of British anxieties in the nineteenth century around masculinity, class, intellectualism, and national identity led to the serious, private pursuit of chamber music among men of wealth being downplayed in public, caricatured, or even ignored. While the tenacious positioning of chamber music as inherently German stemmed in part from Germany's construction of its own national identity, it also owed much to the Victorians' tendency to perpetuate a limited view of their own musical culture.
Cetuximab May Inhibit Tumor Growth and Angiogenesis Induced by Ionizing Radiation: A Preclinical Rationale for Maintenance Treatment After Radiotherapy
Authors: Pueyo Gemma , Mesia Ricard , Figueras Agnes , Lozano Alicia , Baro Marta , Vazquez Silvia , Capella Gabriel , Balart Josep 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Background.
The benefits of radiotherapy and cetuximab have encouraged evaluation of cetuximab after radiotherapy. The aims of this study were to preclinically evaluate the efficacy of cetuximab maintenance after radiotherapy and eventually determine its mechanisms of action.

Methods.
The A431 human carcinoma cell line was treated in culture with fractionated radiotherapy and cetuximab. The surviving cells were injected s.c. into nude mice to mimic microscopic residual disease. The animals were randomized to receive either cetuximab or saline solution. Tumor growth, cell proliferation (Ki-67), microvessel density (MVD), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and transforming growth factor (TGF-α) mRNA transcription, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion were measured.

Results.
Tumors from irradiated cells had a faster growth rate, higher Ki-67 index, and greater angiogenesis than tumors from untreated cells. This aggressive phenotype was associated with in vitro radiation-induced extracellular signal–related kinase (ERK)-1/2 and Akt activation, greater EGFR and TGF-α transcription, and augmented VEGF secretion, all of which were inhibited by cetuximab. In cetuximab-treated mice with tumors arising from irradiated cells, time to volume was longer by a factor of 3.52, whereas the Ki-67 index and MVD were 1.57 and 1.49 times lower, respectively, a larger enhancement than seen in tumors from untreated cells. These findings suggest that cells surviving radiation may express factors that promote cell survival and induce an aggressive phenotype that may potentially be blocked by cetuximab maintenance therapy.

Conclusions.
These results support the clinical evaluation of adjuvant therapy with cetuximab after radiotherapy in EGFR-dependent carcinomas.
Changes in Survival in Head and Neck Cancers in the Late 20th and Early 21st Century: A Period Analysis
Authors: Pulte Dianne , Brenner Hermann 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Background.
Therapy for head and neck cancers has evolved over the past decade, but few detailed analyses of recent developments in survival on the population level have been published.

Methods.
We use period analysis and modeled period analysis to disclose recent trends in survival in patients with head and neck cancer. Data are derived from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results limited-use database.

Results.
A major, statistically significant improvement in survival was observed, with the overall 5-year relative survival rate going from 54.7% in 1992–1996 to 65.9% in 2002–2006. Subgroup analysis showed improvement in cancers of the oral cavity, tongue, tonsils, and nasopharynx, with the greatest improvements observed in tonsillar carcinoma (+22.2 percentage points) and carcinoma of the tongue (+14.4 percentage points). Further analysis of survival for oral cavity, tonsillar, and tongue carcinoma revealed improvements in survival at each stage and across all age groups except for patients aged ≥75 years, with the greatest improvement occurring in locally advanced disease and in patients aged 55–64 years for carcinoma of the tongue and tonsils and those aged 15–44 years for oral cavity cancers.

Conclusions.
Survival has substantially improved for head and neck cancer patients over the past decade. The greatest improvement was seen in tonsillar and tongue cancers.
Hypothalamic Angptl4/Fiaf Is a Novel Regulator of Food Intake and Body Weight
Authors: Kim Hyun-Kyong , Youn Byung-Soo , Shin Mi-Seon , Namkoong Churl , Park Kyeong Han , Baik Ja Hyun , Kim Jae Bum , Park Joong-Yeol , Lee Ki-up , Kim Young-Bum , Kim Min-Seon 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE
The angiopoietin-like protein 4 (Angptl4)/fasting-induced adipose factor (Fiaf) is known as a regulator of peripheral lipid and glucose metabolism. In the present study, we investigated the physiological role of Angptl4 in central regulation of body weight homeostasis.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Hypothalamic Angptl4 expression levels were measured using immunoblot assay during feeding manipulation or after administration of leptin, insulin, and nutrients. The effects of Angptl4 on food intake, body weight, and energy expenditure were determined following intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of Angptl4 in C57BL/6 mice. Food intake, energy metabolism, and feeding responses to leptin, insulin, and nutrients were compared between Angptl4-null mice and their wild littermates. Finally, the relationship of hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Angptl4 was studied.

RESULTS
Hypothalamic Angptl4 expression levels were increased upon food intake or administration of leptin, insulin, and nutrients. Furthermore, central administration of Angptl4 suppressed food intake and body weight gain but enhanced energy expenditure. These effects were mediated via suppression of hypothalamic AMPK activities. Consistently, Angptl4-null mice displayed increased body weight and hypothalamic AMPK activity but reduced energy expenditure. Food intake following a fast was significantly greater in Angptl4-null mice, which was normalized by centrally administered Angptl4. Moreover, anorectic responses to leptin, insulin, and glucose were diminished in Angptl4-null mice. In contrast, Angptl4-null mice were resistant to diet-induced obesity, indicating obesity-promoting effects of Angptl4 under the condition of fat-enriched diet.

CONCLUSIONS
We have demonstrated that hypothalamic Angptl4 is regulated by physiological appetite regulators and mediates their anorexigenic effects via inhibition of hypothalamic AMPK activity. Therefore, Angptl4 appears to have an important role in central regulation of energy metabolism.
The Role of Blood Pressure Variability in the Development of Nephropathy in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Kilpatrick Eric S. , Rigby Alan S. , Atkin Stephen L. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVEIncreases in blood pressure and visit-to-visit variability have both been found to independently increase the likelihood of cardiovascular events in nondiabetic individuals. This study has investigated whether each may also influence the development of microvascular complications in type 1 diabetes by examining data from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSUsing binary longitudinal multiple logistic regression, mean systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure as well as annual visit-to-visit variability (SD.SBP and SD.DBP, respectively) was related to the risk of the development/progression of nephropathy and retinopathy in initially normotensive subjects who did not become pregnant during the DCCT.RESULTSMean SBP and SD.SBP were independently predictive of albuminuria (odds ratio 1.005 [95% CI 1.002–1.008], P &lt; 0.001 and 1.093 [1.069–1.117], P &lt; 0.001, respectively, for 1 mmHg change), although SBP variability did not add to mean SBP in predicting retinopathy (0.999 [0.985–1.013], P = 0.93). DBP variability was also independently predictive of nephropathy (1.102 [1.068–1.137], P &lt; 0.001) and not of retinopathy (0.991 [0.971–1.010], P = 0.37). Mean SBP was poorly related to SD.SBP (r2 &lt; 0.01) as was mean DBP with SD. DBP (r2 &lt; 0.01).CONCLUSIONSVisit-to-visit variability in blood pressure consistently independently added to mean blood pressure in predicting the risk of nephropathy, but not retinopathy, in the DCCT. This observation could have implications for the management and treatment of blood pressure in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Simultaneous measurements of intracranial pressure parameters in the epidural space and in brain parenchyma in patients with hydrocephalus
Authors: Eide Per Kristian , Sorteberg Wilhelm 
Published: August 2010

Object
In this study, the authors compare simultaneous measurements of static and pulsatile pressure parameters in the epidural space and brain parenchyma of hydrocephalic patients.

Methods
Simultaneous intracranial pressure (ICP) signals from the epidural space (ICPEPI) and the brain parenchyma (ICPPAR) were compared in 12 patients undergoing continuous ICP monitoring as part of their diagnostic workup for hydrocephalus. The static ICP was characterized by mean ICP and the frequency of B waves quantified in the time domain, while the pulsatile ICP was determined from the cardiac beat–induced single ICP waves and expressed by the ICP pulse pressure amplitude (dP) and latency (dT; that is, rise time).

Results
The 12 patients underwent a median of 22.5 hours (range 5.9–24.8 hours) of ICP monitoring. Considering the total recording period of each patient, the mean ICP (static ICP) differed between the 2 compartments by ≥ 5 mm Hg in 8 patients (67%) and by ≥ 10 mm Hg in 4 patients (33%). In contrast, for every patient the ICP pulse pressure readings from the 2 compartments showed near-identical results. Consequently, when sorting patients to shunt/no shunt treatment according to pulsatile ICP values, selection was independent of sensor placement. The frequency of B waves also compared well between the 2 compartments.

Conclusions
The pulsatile ICP is measured with equal confidence from the ICPEPI and ICPPAR signals. When using the pulsatile ICP for evaluation of hydrocephalic patients, valid measurements may thus be obtained from pressure monitoring in the epidural space. Recorded differences in the mean ICP between the epidural space and the brain parenchyma are best explained by differences in the zero setting of different sensors.
Utility of a large, multigene plastid data set in inferring higher‐order relationships in ferns and relatives (monilophytes)
Authors: Rai Hardeep S. , Graham Sean W. 
Published: August 2010

• Premise of the Study: The monilophytes (ferns and relatives)—the third largest group of land plants—exhibit a diverse array of vegetative and reproductive morphologies. Investigations into their early ecological and life‐history diversification require accurate, well‐corroborated phylogenetic estimates. We examined the utility of a large plastid‐based data set in inferring backbone relationships for monilophytes.• Methods: We recovered 17 plastid genes for exemplar taxa using published and new primers. We compared results from maximum‐likelihood and parsimony analyses, assessed the effects of removing rapidly evolving characters, and examined the extent to which our data corroborate or contradict the results of other studies, or resolve current ambiguities.• Key Results: Considering multifamily clades, we found bootstrap support comparable to or better than that in published studies that used fewer genes from fewer or more taxa. We firmly establish filmy ferns (Hymenophyllales) as the sister group of all leptosporangiates except Osmundaceae, resolving the second deepest split in leptosporangiate‐fern phylogeny. A clade comprising Ophioglossaceae and Psilotaceae is currently accepted as the sister group of other monilophytes, but we recover Equisetum in this position. We also recover marattioid and leptosporangiate ferns as sister groups. Maximum‐likelihood rate‐class estimates are somewhat skewed when a long‐branch lineage (Selaginella) is included, negatively affecting bootstrap support for early branches.• Conclusions: Our findings support the utility of this gene set in corroborating relationships found in previous studies, improving support, and resolving uncertainties in monilophyte phylogeny. Despite these advances, our results also underline the need for continued work on resolving the very earliest splits in monilophyte phylogeny.
Evidence of a high‐Andean, mid‐Holocene plant community: An ancient DNA analysis of glacially preserved remains
Authors: Gould Billie A. , León Blanca , Buffen Aron M. , Thompson Lonnie G. 
Published: August 2010

• Premise of the study: Around the world, tropical glaciers and ice caps are retreating at unprecedented rates because of climate change. In at least one location, along the margin of the Quelccaya Ice Cap in southeastern Peru, ancient plant remains have been continually uncovered since 2002. We used genetic analysis to identify plants that existed at these sites during the mid‐Holocene.• Methods: We examined remains between 4576 and 5222 yr old, using PCR amplification, cloning, and sequencing of a fragment of the chloroplast trnL intron. We then matched these sequences to sequences in GenBank.• Key results: We found evidence of at least five taxa characteristic of wetlands, which occur primarily at lower elevations in the region today.• Conclusions: A diverse community most likely existed at these locations the last time they were ice‐free and thus has the potential to reestablish with time. This is the first genetic analysis of vegetation uncovered by receding glacial ice, and it may become one of many as ancient plant materials are newly uncovered in a changing climate.
L'action populaire pendant la Grande Terreur (1937-1938)
Authors: Nérard François-Xavier 
Published: August 2010

Résumé La Grande Terreur stalinienne est d’abord une terreur d’État, pensée à son sommet et mis en œuvre par ses agents. Cette terreur a pourtant une dimension populaire que cet article cherche à étudier. Largement secrète, la violence stalinienne est néanmoins parfois mise en scène lors de réunions publiques qui contraignent les Soviétiques à en être spectateurs, sinon acteurs. Vote, prise de parole ou dénonciation, écrite ou orale : les moyens de faire participer les Soviétiques sont divers. Pourtant les citoyens sont loin d’être uniquement passifs face à la Terreur. Cet article s’attache plus particulièrement aux lettres envoyées pendant ces mois de violences extrêmes : pour se protéger, pour démentir, pour défendre, mais aussi pour attaquer, pour salir, pour nuire, les Soviétiques ne cessent de s’adresser au pouvoir. Il s’agit ainsi d’étudier l’action populaire dans toute sa diversité.
NEO adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: What have we learned so far?
Authors: Raut Nirmal V , Chordiya Nilesh 
Published: August 2010

AbstractNeoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in breast cancer has undergone continuous evolution over the last few decades to establish its role in the combined modality management of these tumors. The process of evolution is still far from over. Many questions are still lurking in the minds of oncologists treating breast cancer. This review analyzes the evidence from metaanlyses, major multiinstitutional prospective trials, retrospective institutional series and systematic reviews in breast cancer to determine the current standards and controversies in NACT. The most effective drugs, their advantages, issues and controversies in delivery as well as the criteria for response are reviewed. A summary of evidence-based consensus is presented and unresolved aspects are discussed.
Virilizing adrenal carcinoma in a 3-year-old boy: A rarity
Authors: Kumar Suresh , Tiwari Punit , Das Ranjeet , Kundu Anup Kr 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA 3-year-old boy presented with iso-sexual precocious puberty for 18 months. Radiological images revealed left suprarenal mass and hormonal profile showed markedly increased testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate. The child underwent open adrenalectomy and histopathology revealed adrenocortical carcinoma. At 3 months follow-up, the child is doing well.
Secondary acute myeloid leukemia after successful treatment for osteosarcoma
Authors: Mittal Rakesh , Ramaswamy N V , Pandita R , Al Bahar S , Khalifa N , Omar S 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSecondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) is a rare complication following chemotherapy for osteogenic sarcoma. However, the exact offending drug is difficult to prove as there is no consistent data. It usually develops 2 years after completion of therapy. We report a case of sAML that developed within 8 months of completing the treatment. The patient was treated with cisplatin, doxorubicin and high-dose methotreaxate followed by surgery (amputation). Eight months after completion of therapy, while on follow-up, he presented with leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia and confirmed to have AML.
Florid plasmacytosis in a case of acute myeloid leukemia: A diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Rangan Aruna , Arora Bhavna , Rangan Pooja , Dadu Tina 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe association of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with plasmacytosis is a known, although rare event. There are very few case reports documenting an increase in the number of plasma cells at the time of AML diagnosis. Here, we present the case of a 65-year-old male diagnosed as acute myelomonocytic leukemia with exuberant plasmacytosis, which posed a difficulty in diagnosis. Paracrine interleukin-6 production by leukemic blast cells is thought to contribute to this associated reactive plasma cell proliferation.