bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the baculovirus‐insect cell and Pichia pastoris heterologous systems for the expression of the human tumor suppressor protein RNASET2
Authors: Campomenosi Paola , Cinquetti Raffaella , Tallarita Elena , Lindqvist Christer , Raimondi Ivan , Grassi Paola , Näsman Johnny , Dell Anne , Haslam Stuart M. , Taramelli Roberto , Acquati Francesco 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe report the expression of recombinant RNASET2, the only human member of the Rh/T2/S family of acid ribonucleases, in the yeast Pichia pastoris and the baculovirus‐insect cell heterologous systems. In both models, the yield of recombinant protein was comparable and ranged between 5 mg/L (for a catalytically impaired mutant version of RNASET2) and 30 mg/L for the wild‐type protein. Thus, the produced protein version rather than the expression system used appears to influence protein yield after optimization of culture conditions. The recombinant protein was found to undergo heterogeneous glycosylation in both systems, particularly in P. pastoris. Most importantly, the wild‐type protein purified from both systems was found to be catalytically competent. The expression of recombinant RNASET2 in both systems will allow the implementation of functional assays in vivo and in vitro to better define the antioncogenic properties of this member of the Rh/T2/S ribonuclease family.
Increase in efficiency of media utilization for recombinant protein production in Chinese hamster ovary culture through dilution
Authors: Thombre Shreya , Gadgil Mugdha 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAnimal cells are extensively used for the large‐scale production of recombinant proteins. Processes and genetically engineered cell lines have been developed to enhance longevity of the culture and increase protein productivity. In this study, we tested the effect of diluting a culture of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) on cell growth and efficiency of media utilization. An immunoglobulin G‐expressing CHO cell line was cultured in CD CHO media followed by dilution of the culture with PBS after the end of the exponential phase. A 28% and 61% increase in protein yield per milliliter of media was observed in the diluted culture in the batch and fed‐batch mode with glucose and protein hydrolysate feeding, respectively. To aid in analyzing the potential causes of this observed increase, an unstructured mathematical model was constructed using previously reported kinetics to simulate cell growth, nutrient utilization, and protein production. The model predicts an increase in recombinant protein yield per milliliter of media in PBS diluted cultures under both batch and fed‐batch conditions, and suggests that this observed increase could at least partly be due to a decrease in inhibitor concentration in the diluted culture.
Zur Zukunft der Sicherheitskonzepte im Bauwesen
Authors: Proske Dirk 
Published: April 2011

AbstractZu Beginn des Artikels werden die rechtlichen Sicherheitsanforderungen an die Errichtung von Bauwerken erläutert und diese Anforderungen mit den statistisch beobachteten Risiken für Bauwerkseinstürze verglichen. Daran schließt sich eine kurze Darstellung der Geschichte der numerischen Sicherheitskonzepte im Bauwesen und eine Erläuterung des aktuellen semi‐probabilistischen Sicherheitskonzeptes an. Weiterhin werden die Annahmen zur Berücksichtigung von Unsicherheiten im numerischen Sicherheitskonzept für den Entwurf von Bauwerken mit den beobachteten Ursachen für Bauwerksversagen verglichen. Es zeigt sich, dass menschliche Fehler einen signifikanten Beitrag zum katastrophalen Versagen von Bauwerken haben, sie aber in den aktuellen Baunormen praktisch ausgeschlossen werden. Diese Beobachtung gilt auch für die Anwendung von Software. Die Integration menschlicher Fehler und Softwarefehler in das probabilistische Sicherheitskonzept steht aus, da sich ihre Modellierung mit den Mitteln der Stochastik schwierig gestaltet. Deshalb bemüht man sich um eine Erweiterung der probabilistischen Sicherheitskonzepte durch Einbeziehung anderer mathematischer Verfahren zum Umgang mit Unsicherheit. Die Frage der Konsequenz auf die juristischen Anforderungen bleibt jedoch noch unbeantwortet.The Future of Safety Concepts in Structural Engineering. In the beginning the paper discusses the legal safety requirements for design and construction of civil engineering structures and the observed risks from structural failures. The paper is continued by a short description of the history of safety concepts in structural engineering. This section is finished by some details of the current semi‐probabilistic safety concept. Furthermore the assumptions about uncertainty in the numerical safety concept are compared with observed causes of structural failures and damages. It can be seen, that human failures contribute significantly to the catastrophic collapses of structures. However, currently they are excluded in the design codes of practice. This result is also valid for software failures. The integration of human failures and software failures in the probabilistic safety concept yields to major problems since human failures and software failures are not random. Therefore an extension of the probabilistic safety concept with advanced mathematical techniques to deal with uncertainty is currently under way. However, the legal consequences of this extension are not yet investigated.
Simulation der Boden‐Bauwerk‐Interaktion unter Berücksichtigung eines elastisch‐plastischen Materialverhaltens des Baugrundes
Authors: Bransch Martin , Lehmann Lutz 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn dem Beitrag wird eine neue Methode zur Berechnung der elastisch‐plastischen Baugrundverformungen und des Baugrundversagens unter Einbezug der Wellenausbreitung im Baugrund vorgestellt. Die hybride Methode basiert auf einer nichtlinearen Berechnung mittels der Finite‐Elemente‐Methode (FEM), einem nichtlinearen HHT‐α‐Zeitschrittverfahren und der “Scaled Boundary Finite Element Method” (SBFEM). Der Schwerpunkt der Arbeit liegt in der Erstellung eines praxisorientierten Berechnungsverfahrens, welches die genannten nicht‐lineare Effekte berücksichtigt. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen, wird ein nichtlineares HHT‐α‐Verfahren mit voller Newton‐Raphson‐Iteration implementiert. Die Anwendbarkeit wird anhand von Beispielen mit unterschiedlicher Komplexität gezeigt. Die Beispiele beziehen sich auf Flachgründungen, allerdings ist die Methode auch auf Tiefgründungen, Baugruben oder Erdbebenberechnungen übertragbar.Simulation of soil‐structure‐interaction with consideration of elastic‐plastic soil behaviour. This article presents a new method for the calculation of elastic‐plastic building ground deformations and failure including dynamic effects, like wave propagation. The presented procedure is a hybrid method, based on several common calculation methods. Included is the nonlinear calculation with the finite element method (FEM), a nonlinear HHT‐α method and the scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM). Focuses are the implementation of an elastic‐plastic soil model with isotropic hardening, the derivation and implementation of a nonlinear HHT‐α method with full Newton‐Raphson iteration, and the implementation of these methods and the SBFEM in a nonlinear overall calculation scheme. The applicability of the developed method is given in several examples in different complexity. The examples are related to shallow foundations. But the method is also portable to pile foundations, building pits or earthquake calculations.
Ertüchtigung des Versorgungstunnels unter der Kieler Förde
Authors: Buba Richard , Stickler Martin , Uth Robert 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn den Jahren 2008 bis 2010 wurde der 1368 m lange Versorgungstunnel unter der Kieler Förde ertüchtigt. Die Ertüchtigung erfolgte durch Einschieben einer neuen Innenschale aus Vortriebsrohren über die gesamte Tunnellänge. Durch dieses Verfahren konnten die vorhandenen Versorgungsleitungen während der Ertüchtigungs maßnahme im Tunnel verbleiben und die Demontage und Montage der Leitungen entfallen. Die Bauzeit und die Zeit der Unterbrechung der Fernwärmeversorgung wurden somit erheblich verkürzt. Der Verschub von 452 Rohren mit je 32 t Gewicht unter extrem beengten Verhältnissen stellte eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Durch die zielorientierte und sachlich‐fachkompetente Zusammenarbeit aller Projektbeteiligten konnte das Bauvorhaben erfolg reich verwirklicht werden.
Planung von Turbinenfundamenten in Erdbebengebieten
Authors: Basu Ashish Kumar , Nawrotzki Peter , Siepe Daniel 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDieser Beitrag stellt grundsätzliche Prinzipien elastisch gelagerter Systeme und Anwendungen im Bereich der Kraftwerksausrüstung und von Gebäuden in mittleren und hohen Erdbebenzonen dar. Kombinierte Feder‐Dämpferelemente mit speziellen Steifigkeitseigenschaften werden eingesetzt, um die seismischen Beschleunigungswerte der Turbinenkomponenten und weiteren sicherheits‐ oder nicht‐sicherheits relevanten Strukturen zu reduzieren. Für Turbinengebäude kann die Integration der Unterkonstruktion des Turbinendecks in das Maschinenhaus zusätzlich sowohl die relative Verschiebung zwischen den beiden Strukturen als auch den Spannungslevel in allen Bauteilen reduzieren.Design of Turbine Foundations in Seismic Zones — Earthquake Protection Strategies. This contribution reveals basic principles of elastic support systems and applications on power plant equipment and buildings in medium and high seismic areas. Spring‐damper combinations with special stiffness properties are used to reduce seismic acceleration levels of turbine components and other safety or non‐safety related structures. For turbine buildings, the integration of the turbine substructure into the machine building can additionally reduce the relative displacement between both the structures as well as the stress levels in all structural members.
Effects of prepartum ingestion of Ipomoea carnea on postpartum maternal and neonate behavior in goats
Authors: Gotardo Andre T. , Pfister James A. , Ferreira Marcos Barbosa , Górniak Silvana Lima 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIpomoea carnea is a toxic plant that grows in tropical areas, and is readily consumed by grazing goats. The plant contains the alkaloids swainsonine and calystegines, which inhibit cellular enzymes and cause systematic cell death. This study evaluated the behavioral effects on dams and kids of prenatal ingestion of this plant. Freshly harvested leaves of I. carnea (10 g/kg body weight) were fed daily to nine pregnant goats from the fifth to the 16th week of gestation; five pregnant goats were controls. Dam and kid behavior were evaluated during 2‐hr postpartum. Further evaluation of the offspring was performed using various tests after birth: (1) reaching and discriminating their dam from an alien doe (two tests at 12‐hr postpartum), and (2) navigating a progressive maze (2, 4, and 6 days postpartum). Postnatal (n = 2) and fetal (n = 2) mortality were observed in the treated group. Intoxicated kids had difficulty in standing at birth, and only one was able to suckle within 2 hr of birth. Treated kids were slower than controls to arrive at their dam in the discrimination test; treated kids often (seven of nine completed tests) incorrectly chose the alien dam (controls: 0/10 tests). During some runs on days 2, 4, and 6 postpartum, treated kids were slower to leave the starting point of the maze, and were slower to arrive at the dam on all test days. This study suggests that the offspring of pregnant goats given I. carnea during gestation have significant behavioral alterations and developmental delays. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 92:131–138, 2011.  © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sortilin: An unusual suspect in cholesterol metabolism
Authors: Dubé Joseph B. , Johansen Christopher T. , Hegele Robert A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe concentration of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (C) in plasma is a key determinant of cardiovascular disease risk and human genetic studies have long endeavoured to elucidate the pathways that regulate LDL metabolism. Massive genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) of common genetic variation associated with LDL‐C in the population have implicated SORT1 in LDL metabolism. Using experimental paradigms and standards appropriate for understanding the mechanisms by which common variants alter phenotypic expression, three recent publications have presented divergent and even contradictory findings. Interestingly, although these reports each linked SORT1 to LDL metabolism, they did not agree on a mechanism to explain the association. Here, we review recent mechanistic studies of SORT1 – the first gene identified by GWAS as a determinant of plasma LDL‐C to be evaluated mechanistically.
Silver nanoparticles assemblies mediated by functionalized biomimetic oligomers
Authors: Maayan Galia , Liu Li‐Kai 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe interaction between biopolymers and metal nanoparticles (AgNPs) is a key element in the development of biomimetic nanomaterials with applications in catalysis, delivery, and recognition. Here we report a facile method for the functionalization of AgNPs by N‐substituted glycine oligomers, “peptoids.” Based on the established affinity between phenanthroline ligand and Ag(0), we synthesized a peptoid bearing 1,10‐phenanthroline at the N‐terminus (PHP). Treatment of AgNPs that were pre‐stabilized by citrate ions, with PHP, leads to the formation of aggregates as suggested by UV–vis spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the replacement of citrate ions by PHP yields spherical assemblies of AgNPs. These peptoids/AgNPs hybrids, as well as the ability of functional biomimetic oligomers to mediate the assembly of metal nanoparticles, hold potential for applications in sensor materials, biology, and catalysis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 96: 679–687, 2011.
Meta-analysis of neoadjuvant treatment modalities and definitive non-surgical therapy for oesophageal squamous cell cancer
Authors: Kranzfelder M , Schuster T , Geinitz H , Friess H , Büchler P 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
The standard treatment for resectable oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is surgical resection with adequate lymphadenectomy. Most Western patients receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy (CRT). In recent years some patients have received CRT alone (definitive CRT, dCRT). This meta-analysis sought to clarify the benefits of neoadjuvant and definitive treatment for OSCC.

Methods
Eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified using the Cochrane database, MEDLINE and Embase. Only RCTs with intention-to-treat analysis, and published hazard ratios (HRs) or estimates from survival data, were included.

Results
Nine RCTs involving neoadjuvant CRT versus surgery, eight involving neoadjuvant chemotherapy versus surgery, and three involving neoadjuvant treatment followed by surgery or surgery alone versus dCRT were identified. The HR for overall survival was 0·81 (95 per cent confidence interval 0·70 to 0·95; P = 0·008) after neoadjuvant CRT and 0·93 (0·81 to 1·08; P = 0·368) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The likelihood of R0 resection was significantly higher after neoadjuvant treatment (CRT: HR 1·15, P = 0·043; chemotherapy: HR 1·16, P = 0·006). Morbidity rates were not increased after neoadjuvant CRT (HR 0·94, P = 0·363) but 30-day mortality was non-significantly higher with combined treatment. Morbidity (HR 1·03, P = 0·638) and mortality (HR 1·04, P = 0·810) rates after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery did not differ from those after surgery alone. None of the RCTs reporting outcome after dCRT demonstrated a significant survival benefit, but treatment-related mortality rates were lower (HR 7·60, P = 0·007) than with neoadjuvant treatment followed by surgery or surgery alone.

Conclusion
For patients with resectable OSCC, a significant survival benefit for neoadjuvant CRT was evident, with no increase in morbidity rate. dCRT did not demonstrate any survival benefit over other curative strategies.
Hydrodesulfurization‐Supported Catalysts: Effect of the Preparation Method
Authors: Moradi P. , Parvari M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractHydrodesulfurization (HDS) of dibenzothiophene in a batch reactor was performed at 5.5 MPa and 320 °C on CoMoS/Al2O3‐TiO2 using trans‐1,2‐cyclohexanediamine‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetraacetic acid (CYDTA) as a complexing agent for the preparation method. The effects of titania, concentration of CYDTA, and preparation procedure were investigated by using X‐ray diffraction, BET, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and temperature‐programmed desorption of ammonia experiments. The catalyst prepared by impregnation with γ‐alumina and titanium isopropoxide as raw materials and a CYDTA/Co mole ratio of 1.2 provided an HDS activity (on a pseudo‐first‐order kinetic constant basis) value ∼3.8 times higher compared to that of a CoMo/Al2O3 catalyst.
Stability and Structure of Mixed‐Ligand Metal Ion Complexes That Contain Ni2+, Cu2+, or Zn2+, and Histamine, as well as Adenosine 5′‐Triphosphate (ATP4−) or Uridine 5′‐Triphosphate (UTP4−): An Intricate Network of Equilibria
Authors: Knobloch Bernd , Mucha Ariel , Operschall Bert P. , Sigel Helmut , Jeżowska‐Bojczuk Małgorzata , Kozłowski Henryk , Sigel Roland K. O. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWith a view on protein–nucleic acid interactions in the presence of metal ions we studied the “simple” mixed‐ligand model systems containing histamine (Ha), the metal ions Ni2+, Cu2+, or Zn2+ (M2+), and the nucleotides adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP4−) or uridine 5′‐triphosphate (UTP4−), which will both be referred to as nucleoside 5′‐triphosphate (NTP4−) . The stability constants of the ternary M(NTP)(Ha)2− complexes were determined in aqueous solution by potentiometric pH titrations. We show for both ternary‐complex types, M(ATP)(Ha)2− and M(UTP)(Ha)2−, that intramolecular stacking between the nucleobase and the imidazole residue occurs and that the stacking intensity is approximately the same for a given M2+ in both types of complexes: The formation degree of the intramolecular stacks is estimated to be 20 to 50 %. Consequently, in protein–nucleic acid interactions imidazole–nucleobase stacks may well be of relevance. Furthermore, the well‐known formation of macrochelates in binary M2+ complexes of purine nucleotides, that is, the phosphate‐coordinated M2+ interacts with N7, is confirmed for the M(ATP)2− complexes. It is concluded that upon formation of the mixed‐ligand complexes the M2+N7 bond is broken and the energy needed for this process corresponds to the stability differences determined for the M(UTP)(Ha)2− and M(ATP)(Ha)2− complexes. It is, therefore, possible to calculate from these stability differences of the ternary complexes the formation degrees of the binary macrochelates: The closed forms amount to (65±10) %, (75±8) %, and (31±14) % for Ni(ATP)2−, Cu(ATP)2−, and Zn(ATP)2−, respectively, and these percentages agree excellently with previous results obtained by different methods, confirming thus the internal validity of the data and the arguments used in the evaluation processes. Based on the overall results it is suggested that M(ATP)2− species, when bound to an enzyme, may exist in a closed macrochelated form only, if no enzyme groups coordinate directly to the metal ion.
Synthesis and Photoinduced Energy‐ and Electron‐Transfer Processes of C60–Oligothienylenevinylene–C70 Dumbbell Compounds
Authors: Urbani Maxence , Pelado Beatriz , de la Cruz Pilar , Yamanaka Ken‐ichi , Ito Osamu , Langa Fernando 
Published: April 2011

AbstractUnsymmetric dumbbell molecules based on N‐methylpyrrolidine[60]fullerene, oligothienylenevinylenes (nTV; n=2, 4), and N‐methylpyrrolidine[70]fullerene, namely, C60‐nTV‐C70 were synthesized and their photophysical properties were studied. In nonpolar solvents, photoinduced energy‐transfer process predominantly takes place from the singlet excited state of nTV to C60 and C70, as was confirmed by time‐resolved emission and transient absorption spectroscopy. In polar solvent, charge‐separation processes take place instead of energy transfer. The generated charge‐separated radical‐ion pairs decay to the neutral molecules by a fast charge‐recombination process; for n=4, a rate constant of 2×107 s−1 and lifetime of 50 ns were evaluated.
Columnar Mesophases Based on Zinc Chlorophyll Derivatives Functionalized with Peripheral Dendron Wedges
Authors: Sengupta Sanchita , Uemura Shinobu , Patwardhan Sameer , Huber Valerie , Grozema Ferdinand C. , Siebbeles Laurens D. A. , Baumeister Ute , Würthner Frank 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA chlorophyll derivative with a central zinc ion, a methoxy functionality at its 31‐position, and functionalized with a second‐generation dendron (3,4‐3,4,5)12G2‐CH2OH at its 172‐position was synthesized starting from natural chlorophyll a (Chl a). This compound exhibits liquid crystalline (LC) behavior and its mesomorphic properties have been characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarisation optical microscopy (POM), powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning probe microscopy (SPM). A combination of powder XRD, high resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments revealed the formation of nano‐segregated well‐ordered columnar tubular superstructures consisting of about five molecules in the column stratum. These self‐assembled columns are further self‐organized into a two‐dimensional oblique unit cell lattice. Semiconducting behavior of this compound has been studied by pulse‐radiolysis time‐resolved microwave conductivity (PR‐TRMC) method and charge carrier mobility values of ∼10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1 are observed. Such organized columnar superstructures constructed from semisynthetic zinc chlorins are reminiscent of the tubular organization of the bacteriochlorophyll dyes in the light‐harvesting chlorosomal antennae of green sulphur bacteria.
Tuning Main Group Redox Chemistry through Steric Loading: Subvalent Group 13 Metal Complexes of Carbazolyl Ligands
Authors: Mansaray Hassanatu B. , Kelly Michael , Vidovic Dragoslav , Aldridge Simon 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe ability of substituted carbazol‐9‐yl systems to ligate in σ fashion through the amido N‐donor, or to adopt alternative coordination modes through the π system of the central five‐membered ring, can be tuned by systematic variation in the steric demands of substituents in the 1‐ and 8‐positions. The differing affinities of the two modes of coordination for hard and soft metal centres can be shown to influence not only cation selectivity, but also the redox properties of the metal centre. Thus, the highly sterically sterically demanding 1,3,6,8‐tetra‐tert‐butylcarbazolyl ligand can be used to generate the structurally characterised amido‐indium(I) complex, [{(tBu4carb)In}n], (together with its isostructural thallium counterpart) in which the metal centre interacts with the central pyrrolyl ring in η3 fashion [d(InN)=2.679(3) Å; d(InC)=2.819(3), 2.899(3) Å]. By contrast, the smaller 3,6‐di‐tert‐butylcarbazolyl system is less able to restrict the metal centre from binding at the anionic nitrogen donor in the plane of the carbazolyl ligand (i.e. in σ fashion). Analogous chemistry with InI precursors therefore leads to disproportionation to the much harder InII [and In0], and the formation of the mixed‐valence product, [In2{In2(tBu2carb)6}], a homoleptic molecular [In4(NR2)6] system. This chemistry reveals a flexibility of ligation for carbazolyl systems that contrasts markedly with that of the similarly sterically encumbered terphenyl ligand family.