bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pilot survey of the impact of menstrual cycles on adolescent health
Authors: FARQUHAR Cynthia M. , ROBERTS Helen , OKONKWO Quirine L. , STEWART Alistair W. 
Published: September 2009

Background: The experience of menstruation and reproductive health by adolescent girls has been poorly studied in New Zealand.Aims: To develop and pilot a Web‐based survey of 16‐year‐olds’ experience of menstruation and reproductive health with the eventual objective of conducting a larger population‐based survey. A secondary aim was to report on the experience of menstrual and reproductive health in a group of 16‐year‐old girls in an urban setting.Methods: A Web‐based survey was developed and tested in 2006 with assistance of a multidisciplinary advisory group. The final version of the questionnaire had 146 questions in 11 sections and the topics were menstrual history, general health including use of medications, access to medical care or health information, sexual health, family history and personal information including smoking, height, weight, ethnicity, paid employment of parents, drug and alcohol use and exercise patterns.Results: Seventy‐five 16‐year‐old students completed the survey. Twenty‐five per cent considered that their periods were quite a bit or a lot of trouble and 10% avoided certain activities during their menstrual periods, nearly 50% of girls always experienced some pain with every period, and 30% had seen a health professional about their period pains. Thirty‐three stated that menstruation was moderately to severely painful and that daily activity was affected. Fifty per cent of girls were sexually active and of these 80% described it as painful.Conclusions: The Web‐based survey was a successful approach to collecting information and could be used in a larger study.
Population screening and early detection of ovarian cancer in asymptomatic women
Authors: NELSON Anne E. , FRANCIS Jane E. , ZORBAS Helen 
Published: September 2009

The National Breast and Ovarian Cancer Centre position statement: ‘Population screening and early detection of ovarian cancer in asymptomatic women’, was developed and agreed following a Forum in February 2009 attended by key Australian stakeholders. The final position statement and supporting background information have been endorsed by key Australian colleges and agencies.Position statement on population screening and early detection of ovarian cancer in asymptomatic women

There is currently no evidence that any test, including pelvic examination, CA125 or other biomarkers, ultrasound (including transvaginal ultrasound), or combination of tests, results in reduced mortality from ovarian cancer.
There is no evidence to support the use of any test, including pelvic examination, CA125 or other biomarkers, ultrasound (including transvaginal ultrasound), or combination of tests, for routine population‐based screening for ovarian cancer.
Further validation in large clinical trials is required before current or new biomarkers could be recommended for routine use in a population screening setting.
A comparison of the Perinatal Society of Australia and New Zealand‐Perinatal Death Classification system and relevant condition at death stillbirth classification systems
Authors: LU Jye Ru , McCOWAN Lesley 
Published: September 2009

Background: Stillbirths comprise two‐thirds of all perinatal mortality. A classification system with low ‘unexplained’ stillbirth rates is important when developing prevention strategies.Aims:  This study aims to (i) determine whether the proportion of stillbirths classified as ‘unexplained’ is reduced, by using the relevant condition at death (ReCoDe) stillbirth classification system, compared with the Perinatal Society of Australia and New Zealand – Perinatal Death Classification (PSANZ‐PDC) system; and (ii) compare the proportion of stillbirths attributed to fetal growth restriction and other causes by each system.Methods:  The ReCoDe stillbirth classification system was applied to the National Women's Health's stillbirth database for years 2004–2007. The proportion of stillbirths classified as ‘unexplained’ and as a result of fetal growth restriction was compared between the ReCoDe and the PSANZ‐PDC systems using the χ2 test.Results:  The proportion of stillbirths classified as unexplained was less with ReCoDe compared with PSANZ‐PDC (8.5% (n = 26) vs 14.1% (n = 43) P = 0.04). The proportion with the primary cause attributed to fetal growth restriction was increased with ReCoDe compared with PSANZ‐PDC (23.2% (n = 71) vs 8.2% (n = 25) P < 0.0001). However, 44.8% (n = 137) of all stillbirths were small for gestational age (birthweight < 10th customised centile). The most common primary cause or condition at death by both systems was congenital abnormalities.Conclusion:  The proportion of stillbirths classified as unexplained was less with ReCoDe compared with PSANZ‐PDC but rates with either method were low compared with earlier classification systems. Fetal growth restriction was listed as the primary condition more commonly with ReCoDe compared with PSANZ‐PDC because of different definitions.
How does a colony of Apoica flavissima (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Epiponini) maintain a constant temperature?
Authors: YAMANE Sôichi , MATEUS Sidnei , HOZUMI Satoshi , KUDÔ Kazuyuki , ZUCCHI Ronaldo 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe thermal characteristics of a colony of Apoica flavissima, an epiponine wasp, were examined. The nest, with a diameter of slightly less than 30 cm, was built on a twig of an orange tree. The temperature of the roof surface fluctuated greatly, ranging between 19.1 and 41.5°C. However, the temperature in the central cell was kept constant at around 27°C throughout a day. Although heavy rain pelted the nest roof in the morning, the central cell maintained temperatures higher than 25°C. On the contrary, after all immature and adult wasps were removed the temperature in the nest fluctuated considerably. The presence of immature individuals and adult wasps densely covering the under surface of the comb seemed to function as an effective insulator. The smaller temperature fluctuation in the central cell than on the roof surface, when the nest was in the empty state, suggests that the thick spongy tissue of the roof made from curled plant leaf hairs serves as an insulator to prevent the conduction of solar heat into the cells and the outward flow of heat generated in cells, especially at night.
Two new species of Torymus Dalman, 1820 (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) parasitizing Celticecis japonica Yukawa and Tsuda, 1987 (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) that induce leaf galls on Celtis species (Ulmaceae) in Japan
Authors: MATSUO Kazunori , YUKAWA Junichi 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Torymus celticolus Matsuo sp. nov. and Torymus celtidigalla Matsuo sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) are described as parasitoids of larvae of Celticecis japonica Yukawa & Tsuda, 1987 (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) that induce leaf galls on Celtis species (Ulmaceae) in Japan. A key to species of the genus Torymus known in Japan is provided.
Morphology of sternum V glands in three caddisfly species, Stenopsyche marmorata, Eubasilissa regina and Nemotaulius admorsus (Insecta: Trichoptera)
Authors: HASHIMOTO Yukinari , KOBAYASHI Yukimasa 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe present study describes the morphology of the sternum V gland of three caddisfly species, Stenopsyche marmorata Navas, Eubasilissa regina (McLachlan) and Nemotaulius admorsus (McLachlan), each of which belongs to a different family of the order Trichoptera, using light and scanning electron microscopy. In both sexes of these three species, the gland orifices are located on the sides of the sternum V as crescent‐shaped slits, and are connected with the glandular tissue via cuticular gland ducts. The shapes of glands differ greatly among species; a slender ampullar form in S. marmorata, a flattened saccular form (horseshoe shape) in E. regina and a kidney shape in N. admorsus. The glands are composed of four essential components: large secretory cells, small reservoir cells, the lining of the reservoir and the gland duct. In S. marmorata and E. regina, additional components, muscle fibers, are present around the small reservoir cells. The secretory cells covering the whole outer surface of the gland are very large, and form many bunches in S. marmorata and E. regina, but do not form them in N. admorsus. The small reservoir cells lie inside the layer of the secretory cells and are tightly connected with the cuticular lining of the reservoir. The linings become thick cuticular ducts near the gland orifices. Histological features suggest that the secretory cells of the sternum V gland of Trichoptera belong to the type of class 3 cells in insect epidermal glands.
Contact Mechanics of Simulated Meniscal Tears in Cadaveric Canine Stifles
Authors: THIEMAN KELLEY M. , POZZI ANTONIO , LING HANG‐YIN , LEWIS DANIEL D. , HORODYSKI MARYBETH 
Published: September 2009

Objective—To evaluate the biomechanical effects of 5 types of meniscal lesions on contact mechanics in the canine stifle.Study Design—Experimental study.Animals—Cadaveric canine stifles (n=12 pair).Methods—Medial meniscal lesions (radial, vertical longitudinal, nonreducible bucket handle, flap, and complex tears) were simulated in cadaveric stifles. A contact map was recorded from each tear type and contact area (CA) and peak contact pressure (PCP) from each tear type were compared.Results—A significant difference in PCP was detected between control and nonreducible bucket handle, flap, and complex tears. PCP increased by >45% in nonreducible bucket handle, flap, and complex meniscal tears when compared with control. No significant difference was found in PCP between control and radial and vertical longitudinal tears. No significant difference was found in CA between any of the meniscal conditions.Conclusions—Nonreducible bucket handle, flap, and complex tears cause a significant increase in PCP. Radial and vertical longitudinal tears had a minimal impact on the contact pressures of the medial compartment of the stifle.Clinical Relevance—Based on this ex vivo model, we support the clinical recommendation of debriding nonreducible bucket handle, flap, and complex tears because the injured portion of the meniscus no longer contributes significantly to the function of the meniscus. Radial and vertical longitudinal tears do not cause a change in contact mechanics allowing consideration of nonsurgical treatment and meniscal repair, respectively. Future experimental and clinical studies should aim to refine the treatment of specific meniscal injuries.
Clinical Evaluation of Pancarpal Arthrodesis Using a CastLess Plate in 11 Dogs
Authors: CLARKE STEPHEN P. , FERGUSON JOHN F. , MILLER ANDREW 
Published: September 2009

Objective— To describe the use of a 3.5/2.7 mm CastLess Plate (CLP) for pancarpal arthrodesis (PCA) in dogs.Study Design— Case series.Animals— Dogs with traumatic/degenerative carpal disease (n=11).Methods— Records (September 2006–July 2007) of dogs that had PCA using a 3.5/2.7 mm CLP were reviewed to determine intra‐ and postoperative complications and use of external coaptation. Follow‐up (≥12 months) was obtained by telephone interview of owners.Results— Thirteen PCA procedures were performed; 5 intraoperative complications occurred in 4 procedures and included iatrogenic metacarpal fissure fracture (2), inability to remove an alignment pin (1), and poor distal plate position (2). External coaptation was used in 4 dogs: concomitant or iatrogenic injuries (3), bilateral PCA (1), for 3–6 weeks. Clinical evaluation 6–24 weeks postoperatively revealed iatrogenic metacarpal fractures to have healed and that 1 postoperative complication (infection) developed. Telephone follow up for 10 dogs (mean, 14 months; range, 12–20 months) revealed no further problems.Conclusion— PCA using a 3.5/2.7 mm CLP reduces the need for external coaptation and seemingly reduces postoperative morbidity associated with other internal fixation techniques.Clinical Relevance— PCA can be performed safely and successfully using a 3.5/2.7 mm CLP, with low postoperative morbidity compared with other PCA techniques. Particular attention should be taken when applying the distal component of the plate.
Arthrodesis of the Equine Proximal Interphalangeal Joint: A Biomechanical Comparison of Two Parallel Headless, Tapered, Variable‐Pitched, Titanium Compression Screws and Two Parallel 5.5 mm Stainless‐Steel Cortical Screws
Authors: WOLKER RYAN R. E. , CARMALT JAMES L. , WILSON DAVID G. 
Published: September 2009

Objective— To compare the biomechanical characteristics, failure mode, and effects of side (left or right limb) and end (forelimb or hindlimb) of different screws in 2‐screw, parallel‐screw proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis constructs in horses.Study Design— In vitro experimental study.Sample Population— Twenty limbs from 6 cadavers (4 complete limb sets, 2 partial sets—total of 4 forelimb and 6 hindlimb pairs).Methods— Two parallel 5.5 mm cortical (AO) screws were inserted in lag fashion in 1 randomly allocated limb of a pair, and 2 parallel headless, tapered, variable‐pitched, titanium compression screws (Acutrak‐Plus®) were inserted in the contralateral limb. Constructs were tested in 3‐point bending in a dorsopalmar (plantar) direction using a materials‐testing machine at a loading rate of 5.83 mm/s. Maximal bending moment at failure and composite stiffness were calculated from data generated on load–displacement curves. Data were analyzed using a Friedman 2‐way analysis of variance and Wilcoxon's signed‐rank tests.Results— No significant difference was detected for bending moment or stiffness values in proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis constructs using 2 parallel Acutrak‐Plus® or AO screws for fixation. Mean stiffness values were significantly different between forelimb and hindlimb constructs.Conclusions— Performance of 2 parallel Acutrak‐Plus® screws was biomechanically comparable with 2 parallel AO 5.5 mm cortical screws in in vitro pastern arthrodesis constructs.Clinical Relevance— Acutrak‐Plus® screws may provide an alternative means of fixation for proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis.
Biomechanical Comparison of Four Soft Tissue Replacement Materials: An In Vitro Evaluation of Single and Multilaminate Porcine Small Intestinal Submucosa, Canine Fascia Lata, and Polypropylene Mesh
Authors: ARNOLD GREGORY A. , MATHEWS KYLE G. , ROE SIMON , MENTE PETER , SEABOCH TIM 
Published: September 2009

Objective— To compare mechanical performance of 4 soft tissue replacement materials.Study Design— Experimental.Sample Population— Polypropylene mesh (PM), single‐layer porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS), multilaminate (4‐layer) porcine small intestinal submucosa (MLSIS), and canine fascia lata (FL).Methods— The mechanical properties of each material were determined by testing to failure on a materials testing machine. Samples of each material (n=10) were tested in 3 different modes: resistance to suture pullout, tensile testing, and push‐through testing. PM was tested both parallel (PMa) to and perpendicular (PMb) to its longitudinal cord orientation. SIS and FL were similarly tested in 2 orthogonal directions.Results— With some exceptions, the following generalizations can be made regarding the mechanical performance of the materials tested: Suture pullout—FL>PMa=PMb>MLSIS>SIS (P≤.04). Tensile testing—FL>PMa>PMb>MLSIS>SIS (P≤.02). Push‐through testing—FL>PM>MLSIS>SIS (P≤.003).Conclusions— PM accommodated a significantly higher load and energy to yield when its longitudinal cords were oriented parallel with the tension axis (PMa). FL performed similarly to the PM, with the exception of limited elongation in tension. MLSIS had biomechanical characteristics that were inferior to FL and PM but superior to SIS.Clinical Relevance— PM's orientation may need to be considered when used clinically. FL is a biomechanically suitable soft tissue replacement material but its use may be limited by currently available sizes. SIS cannot be recommended in high‐strain environments.
Potential Iatrogenic Medial Meniscal Damage During Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy
Authors: O'BRIEN CHAD S. , MARTINEZ STEVEN A. 
Published: September 2009

Objective— To evaluate potential iatrogenic medial meniscal (MM) damage during tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) and to establish a safe zone (SZ) for hypodermic needle (HN) identification of the medial aspect of the stifle joint.Study Design— Prospective cohort.Animals— Cadaveric canine stifles (n=40).Methods— HN (20 or 25 G) were inserted through the medial collateral ligament (MCL) of the femorotibial joint and through the SZ insertion points. The medial meniscus was inspected for iatrogenic damage. Statistical comparison of MM damage caused by different needle sizes and insertion sites was performed using Fisher's exact test with significance at P<.05.Results— Twenty‐gauge group: 65% of stifles had minor MM damage with MCL insertion compared with 35% of stifles with SZ insertion (P=.0049). Severe MM damage occurred in 25% of stifles with MCL insertion compared with 0% of stifles with SZ insertion (P=.0014). Twenty‐five‐gauge group: 85% of stifles had minor MM damage with MCL insertion compared with 30% after SZ insertion (P=.0011); however, no severe MM injury was noted.Conclusions— HN insertion though the MCL can produce iatrogenic damage to the MM. Use of a 25 G HN and SZ site for insertion reduced the frequency and severity of MM damage.Clinical Relevance— HN insertion into the medial aspect of the femorotibial joint during TPLO can cause gross iatrogenic MM damage, which may contribute to the incidence and misdiagnosis of latent MM injuries after TPLO.
Endoscope‐Guided Balloon Sinuplasty of the Equine Nasomaxillary Opening
Authors: BELL CHRIS , TATARNIUK DANE , CARMALT JAMES 
Published: September 2009

Objective— To describe and evaluate an endoscope‐guided balloon sinuplasty technique for dilation of the equine nasomaxillary opening (NMO).Study Design— Experimental study.Animals— Equine cadaver heads (n=5); Quarter Horses (n=4).Methods— A custom rigid balloon introducer was passed into position within the NMO at the caudal recess of the middle meatus. Under endoscopic guidance, a balloon catheter was passed via the introducer into the NMO and inflated to 6 atmospheres, for 30 seconds 3 times, to dilate the NMO. Drainage rates after sinuplasty were evaluated for the caudal maxillary sinus in 5 cadaver heads and balloon sinuplasty was performed in 4 live horses. All skulls were examined to assess the efficacy of NMO dilation.Results— Positioning of the balloon catheter was readily achieved in all heads. Dilation was observed endoscopically and confirmed on necropsy in all heads. Drainage rates from the caudal maxillary sinus increased significantly (∼1.5 ×) in all 5 cadaver heads after sinuplasty (P=.001).Conclusions— Dilation of the NMO improved sinus drainage in all 5 cadaver heads. Endoscopic evaluation of the ostium revealed marked dilation of the NMO in live horses and indicates potential clinical use in standing horses.Clinical Relevance— Balloon sinuplasty of the NMO opening is an easily performed, clinically applicable technique for use in standing horses. Clinical studies will be necessary to evaluate the efficacy of this technique in diseased sinuses.
In Vitro Evaluation of the Effect of Fracture Configuration on the Mechanical Properties of Standard and Novel Interlocking Nail Systems in Bending
Authors: TING DENNIS , CABASSU JULIEN B. , GUILLOU REUNAN P. , SINNOTT MICHAEL T. , MEYER ERIC G. , HAUT ROGER C. , DÉJARDIN LOÏC M. 
Published: September 2009

Objective—To investigate the effect of fracture configuration on the mechanical properties of standard interlocking nails (ILNs) and a novel angle‐stable ILN (ILNn) in bending.Study Design—In vitro experimental study.Sample Population—Synthetic tibial gap fracture bone models.Methods—Bone models, featuring a 5 or 120 mm central defect, respectively, mimicking a simple diaphyseal and a comminuted fracture involving both metaphyses, were implanted with 6 or 8 mm screwed or bolted standard ILNs (ILN6s, ILN6b, ILN8s, ILN8b, respectively) or an ILNn. Specimens were tested in 4‐point bending. Construct angular deformation (AD) and slack were statistically compared (P<.05).Results—With increasing gap size, standard ILN construct AD increased significantly by ∼27% in ILN8b and by up to 105% in ILN6s. Similarly, standard ILN construct slack significantly increased by ∼33% in ILN8b (from ∼4.2° to ∼5.6°) and by up to ∼130% in ILN6s (from ∼7° to ∼16°). Conversely, there was no difference in the ILNn construct AD (∼4°) regardless of gap size. ILNn AD was the lowest of all groups and occurred without slack.Conclusions—This study demonstrated that the angle‐stable ILNn provided construct stability regardless of fracture configuration, whereas the intrinsic slack of standard ILNs could jeopardize construct stability in a fracture configuration involving the metaphyses.Clinical Relevance—Use of standard ILNs may be optimal in diaphyseal fractures where circumferential nail/cortical contact could augment repair stability. Conversely, the angle‐stable ILNn may represent a reliable fracture stabilization method for diaphyseal fractures as well as fractures involving the metaphyseal regions.
Biceps Brachii and Brachialis Tendon of Insertion Injuries in Eleven Racing Greyhounds
Authors: SCHAAF OLAF R. , EATON‐WELLS RICHARD , MITCHELL RICHARD A. S. 
Published: September 2009

Objective— To report injuries of the biceps brachii (BTI) or brachialis (BrTI) tendons of insertion in 11 racing Greyhounds.Study Design— Case series.Animals— Greyhounds (n=11).Methods— Medical records (1990–2006) of racing Greyhound dogs with BTI injuries were reviewed. Preinjury, injury, and posttreatment information was obtained via trainer telephone questionnaire and individual greyhound race data. Outcomes between surgical and conservative management were compared.Results— Dogs had elbow hyperextension, positive biceps test, and forelimb circumduction and 82% were male, whereas Queensland's male to female ratio of racing Greyhounds was almost equal. Eight dogs had right BTI injuries. Nine dogs had surgically confirmed tendon injuries: 5 combined BTI and BrTI, 2 mid‐body BTI, 1 musculotendinous BTI, and 1 ulnar tuberosity avulsion fracture. Seven dogs were treated surgically (3 loop pulley sutures, single radial screw and washer, suture screws or fracture fixation in lag fashion), 2 dogs were euthanatized at surgery, 2 were rehomed and hence managed conservatively. All surgically treated dogs returned to near preinjury performance; 6 returned to racing and at least 4 won races in the same or higher grade. One conservatively managed dog returned to “pet” function. No dog reinjured its BTI or BrTI.Conclusion— BTI and BrTI avulsions are rare acute traumatic performance injuries of racing Greyhounds.Clinical Relevance— Preinjury racing performance can be achieved with early surgical repair of BTI and BrTI and optimal postoperative management.