bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of sulfonated poly(diphenylacetylene)s with high CO2 permselectivity
Authors: Sakaguchi Toshikazu , Kameoka Koji , Hashimoto Tamotsu 
Published: October 2009

AbstractHigh‐molecular‐weight poly[1‐phenyl‐2‐(4‐t‐butylphenyl)acetylene], poly[1‐phenyl‐2‐(4‐trimethylsilylphenyl) acetylene], and their copolymers were synthesized by the polymerization with TaCl5–n‐Bu4Sn. The obtained polymers were sulfonated by using acetyl sulfate to give sulfonated poly(diphenylacetylene)s with different degrees of substitution. The degrees of sulfonation of poly[1‐phenyl‐2‐(4‐t‐butylphenyl)acetylene] and copolymers were in the range of 0.57–0.85. When poly[1‐phenyl‐2‐(4‐trimethylsilylphenyl)acetylene] was sulfonated, the sulfonated poly(diphenylacetylene) with the highest degree of sulfonation was obtained among all the polymers in this study. Its degree of sulfonation was 1.55. All the sulfonated polymers exhibited high CO2 permselectivity, and their CO2/N2 separation factor were over 31. The sulfonated poly(diphenylacetylene) with the highest degree of sulfonation showed the highest CO2/N2 separation factor of 75. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 6463–6471, 2009
Reactive hazard analysis of cumene hydroperoxide and dicumyl hydroperoxide
Authors: Wu Sheng‐Hung , Shu Chi‐Min 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis article covers the thermal properties of cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) and dicumyl hydroperoxide (DCPO). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was employed to determine the reaction kinetics, heat of decomposition (ΔHd), exothermic onset temperature (T0), reaction order (n), etc. A thermal activity monitor (TAM) was also used to detect the storage index and thermal hazard parameters under various external temperatures. The onset temperatures of CHP and DCPO were determined to be 110°C using DSC. This article describes the best operating conditions when handling CHP and DCPO. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2010
History of IPM in California pears—50 years of pesticide use and the transition to biologically intensive IPM
Authors: Weddle Patrick W , Welter Stephen C , Thomson Don 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDuring the 1960s, the California pear industry, on a per acre basis, was among the heaviest users of pesticides. Each season, multiple sprays of up to 14 active ingredients (chlorinated hydrocarbons, organophosphates and carbamates) were typically applied for control of insects and mites. The cost of control escalated while damage from arthropod pests increased owing to greater pest resistance and more pest resurgence. The pear industry suffered classic symptoms of the ‘pesticide treadmill’. By the late 1960s, key pear industry leaders demanded action. Simultaneously, newly emerging concepts of IPM were being developed and funded. With public awareness and environmental activism on the rise in the wake of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring, the stage was set for change. This paper elucidates how pear growers, university researchers and extension agents, environmentalists, government regulators, private consultants, farm chemical suppliers and others contributed to the reduction in insecticide use in California pear orchards. Today, arthropod IPM in pears is characterized as relatively low input, biologically intensive and very successful. For example, in 2008 many pear growers only applied between three and five active ingredients (mainly organically certified) per season for control of arthropods. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Functionalization of diamond (001)‐2 × 1 surface by cycloaddition of 1,3‐cyclohexadiene: A theoretical study
Authors: Zhang Laibin , Wang Hongming , Wang Meishan , Yang Chuanlu 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDensity functional theory calculations have been used to study [4 + 2] and [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between 1,3‐cyclohexadiene and diamond (001)‐2 × 1 surface. The calculations revealed four possible reaction pathways for 1,3‐cyclohexadiene with the surface dimmers of diamond. Full geometry‐optimized structures were obtained for all products, including intradimer and interdimer reaction products. These results were analyzed both in terms of the total energy values and the detailed optimized geometries. We found that the intradimer [4 + 2] product is energetically favored over the other products, and the barrier to intradimer [4 + 2] addition is lower than the other additions, so the intradimer [4 + 2] product is expected to be the dominant product on the surface. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Theoretical studies on the electronic structures and spectroscopic properties of a series of novel NCN‐coordinating Pt(II) complexes
Authors: Yang Bao‐Zhu , Zhou Xin , Liu Tao , Bai Fu‐Quan , Zhang Hong‐Xing 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe electronic structures and spectroscopic properties of the three tridentate cyclometalated Platinum(II) complexes PtL1Cl [L1 = 1,3‐di(2‐pyridyl)‐5‐methyl‐benzene] (1), PtL2Cl [L2 = 1‐(2‐pyridyl)‐3‐(1‐pyrazolyl)‐5‐methyl‐benzene] (2), and PtL3Cl [L3 = 1,3‐bis(1‐pyrazolyl)‐5‐methyl‐benzene] (3) were calculated to explore their spectroscopic nature. The geometry structures of 1–3 in the ground and excited states were optimized under the density functional theory (DFT) and the single‐excitation configuration interaction (CIS) level, respectively. The absorption and emission spectra in CH2Cl2 solution were calculated by the time‐dependent density‐functional theory (TD‐DFT) with the polarized continuum model solvent model. As revealed from the calculations, the LUMO of 1 and 2 are localized on phenyl and pyridyl, but that of 3 has 50.3% π*(pyrazolyl) and 47.8% π*(phenyl). The energy gap of the d‐d state was much greater than that of the CT transitions. With the replacement of pyridyl by pyrazolyl, the electron‐donating ability of N atom decreases, whereas the LUMO energy level increases. The lowest‐energy absorptions and emissions are blue‐shifted in the order 1 > 2 > 3, which are assigned as the ILCT/MLCT/LLCT and 3ILCT/3MLCT/3LLCT characters, respectively. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Estimating average annual per cent change in trend analysis
Authors: Clegg Limin X. , Hankey Benjamin F. , Tiwari Ram , Feuer Eric J. , Edwards Brenda K. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTrends in incidence or mortality rates over a specified time interval are usually described by the conventional annual per cent change (cAPC), under the assumption of a constant rate of change. When this assumption does not hold over the entire time interval, the trend may be characterized using the annual per cent changes from segmented analysis (sAPCs). This approach assumes that the change in rates is constant over each time partition defined by the transition points, but varies among different time partitions. Different groups (e.g. racial subgroups), however, may have different transition points and thus different time partitions over which they have constant rates of change, making comparison of sAPCs problematic across groups over a common time interval of interest (e.g. the past 10 years). We propose a new measure, the average annual per cent change (AAPC), which uses sAPCs to summarize and compare trends for a specific time period. The advantage of the proposed AAPC is that it takes into account the trend transitions, whereas cAPC does not and can lead to erroneous conclusions. In addition, when the trend is constant over the entire time interval of interest, the AAPC has the advantage of reducing to both cAPC and sAPC. Moreover, because the estimated AAPC is based on the segmented analysis over the entire data series, any selected subinterval within a single time partition will yield the same AAPC estimate—that is it will be equal to the estimated sAPC for that time partition. The cAPC, however, is re‐estimated using data only from that selected subinterval; thus, its estimate may be sensitive to the subinterval selected. The AAPC estimation has been incorporated into the segmented regression (free) software Joinpoint, which is used by many registries throughout the world for characterizing trends in cancer rates. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of risks by predicting counterfactuals
Authors: Zou G. Y. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractRisk assessment is fundamental to most epidemiological and biomedical investigations. In this article, risks are assessed in terms of risk difference and risk ratio by predicting counterfactual outcomes. Models considered for binary outcomes are probit, logistic, and extreme‐value regressions. New confidence intervals for the effect measures are proposed using the method of variance estimates recovery, and evaluated by a simulation study. A SAS macro is provided for the calculations. A risk ratio obtained using counterfactuals is also compared in the simulation with that directly estimated from the modified Poisson model to answer a recent concern about the validity of the latter approach. Two examples are used to illustrate the methods. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Classification of array CGH data using smoothed logistic regression model
Authors: Huang Jian , Salim Agus , Lei Kaibin , O'Sullivan Kathleen , Pawitan Yudi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractArray comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) provides a genome‐wide information of DNA copy number that is potentially useful for disease classification. One immediate problem is that the data contain many features (probes) but only a few samples. Existing approaches to overcome this problem include features selection, ridge regression and partial least squares. However, these methods typically ignore the spatial characteristic of aCGH data. To explicitly make use of this spatial information we develop a procedure called smoothed logistic regression (SLR) model. The procedure is based on a mixed logistic regression model, where the random component is a mixture distribution that controls smoothness and sparseness. Conceptually such a procedure is straightforward, but its implementation is complicated due to computational problems. We develop a fast and reliable iterative weighted least‐squares algorithm based on the singular value decomposition. Simulated data and two real data sets are used to illustrate the procedure. For real data sets, error rates are calculated using the leave‐one‐out cross validation procedure. For both simulated and real data examples, SLR achieves better misclassification error rates compared with previous methods. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Response and recovery of hybrid sturgeon from subchronic oral administration of cyanobacteria
Authors: Dong Guifang , Zhu Xiaoming , Han Dong , Yang Yunxia , Song Lirong , Xie Shouqi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA 90‐day growth trial was conducted on hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser baeri ♀ × A. gueldenstaedtii ♂) to investigate the effect of dietary inclusion of cyanobacteria on growth, feed utilization, and fish tissue microcystins (MCs) accumulation and the recovery of fish when they were free of cyanobacteria. Four diets were formualted isonitrogenous and isocaloric to contain different MCs concentrations: the control diet (free of cyanobacteria), low cyanobacteria diet (LCD, 26.60 μg MCs/g diet), medium cyanobacteria diet (MCD, 78.82 μg MCs/g diet), and high cyanobacteria diet (HCD, 201.03 μg MCs/g diet). During the first 47 days, each diet was fed to fish in five replicates and then all fish were fed the control diet during the next 43 days. The results showed that a dose‐dependent decrease in feeding rate (FR) and specific growth rate (SGR) were observed in the fish fed with MCD and HCD. MCs contents in fish liver, intestine, and dorsal white muscle increased with dietary MCs and were time dependent (P < 0.05). After the 43‐day recovery, there were no significant differences in FR or SGR between the fish previously fed LCD or MCD and the fish fed with the control diet (P > 0.05), while the fish previously fed HCD showed higher FR and SGR than those fed the control diet (P < 0.05). MCs clearance in fish liver and intestine showed time‐dependence during the 43‐day recovery. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 2009.
Dimensions of the fetal facial profile in normal pregnancy
Authors: Goldstein I. , Tamir A. , Weiner Z. , Jakobi P. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo determine sonographic dimensions of the fetal facial profile in normal pregnancy.MethodsThis was a prospective, cross‐sectional study of 397 normal healthy fetuses at 14–33 weeks of gestation. After exclusion of the small numbers of patients at the upper GAs, 379 patients between 14.0 and 26.9 weeks of gestation were included in the analyses. The sagittal plane of the fetal facial profile was evaluated using transvaginal and transabdominal ultrasound. Distances from the tip of the nose to the mouth (the line between the lips), from the mouth to the gnathion (lower chin), from the upper philtrum to the mouth, and from the mouth to the upper concavity of the chin were measured and are presented according to gestational age (GA).ResultsThere was a significant linear correlation between GA and the distance from the tip of the nose to the mouth (r = 0.943; P < 0.00001; y = −37.98 + 7.54 × GA), from the mouth to the gnathion (r = 0.946; P < 0.00001; y = −46.34 + 7.95 × GA), from the upper level of the philtrum to the mouth (r = 0.71; P < 0.00001; y = 0.22 + 3.33 × GA) and from the mouth to the upper concavity of the chin (r = 0.665; P < 0.00001; y = 1.65 + 2.95 × GA). The ratio between the distance from the tip of the nose to the mouth and that from the mouth to the gnathion was also almost constant throughout gestation, as was the ratio between the distance from the upper philtrum to the mouth and that from the mouth to the upper concavity of the chin.ConclusionsWe provide normative data of the fetal facial profile across GA. Our data offer a potential tool for the prenatal diagnosis of abnormal fetal facial profile. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical outcomes of magnetic resonance‐guided focused ultrasound surgery for uterine myomas: 24‐month follow‐up
Authors: Funaki K. , Fukunishi H. , Sawada K. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the volume reduction ratio, symptom improvement and reintervention rate following magnetic resonance‐guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) for uterine myomas.MethodsA total of 91 Japanese women with symptomatic myomas underwent MRgFUS between June 2004 and June 2008 using the ExAblate 2000 system. The volume change ratio was calculated at 6, 12 and 24 months following MRgFUS based on T2‐weighted magnetic resonance images. The symptom severity score (SSS) was examined before and after the treatment (at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months). Additional post‐MRgFUS treatments, such as hysterectomy, myomectomy, uterine artery embolization or repeat MRgFUS, were recorded and the reinterventional treatment rates were compared according to the signal intensity of pretreatment T2‐weighted magnetic resonance images of the myomas.ResultsThe mean volume change ratios of low‐ and intermediate‐intensity (Type 1/2) myomas were −36.5% 6 months post‐procedure and −39.5% 24 months post‐procedure. The mean ± SD SSS value for patients with Type 1/2 myomas before MRgFUS was 35.1 ± 21.0, and the values diminished significantly during the 24‐month follow‐up period to a mean value of around 15.0. High‐intensity (Type 3) myomas were not observed to have decreased in size 6 months after MRgFUS. Of the 45 Type 1/2 myoma patients with complete follow‐up, seven required reinterventional treatment within 24 months. The reintervention rates were 14.0% for Type 1/2 patients and 21.6% for Type 3 patients at 24 months post‐treatment.ConclusionsModerate volume reductions of Type 1/2 myomas were noted following MRgFUS, and the reduction in SSS values and the relatively low reintervention rates observed are encouraging. We found MRgFUS to be an appropriate treatment method for Type 1/2 uterine myomas. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Primary Care Providers’ Responses to Patient‐Generated Family History
Authors: Fuller Melissa , Myers Melanie , Webb Thomas , Tabangin Meredith , Prows Cynthia 
Published: October 2009

AbstractFamily health history is one of the best predictors of an individual's risk for common disease, yet it is underutilized in routine care. Although the Surgeon General has recommended consumers record their family health history and share it with their health care provider, providers’ perceptions of patient‐generated family histories are unknown. To learn more about providers’ experience with and perceptions about patient‐generated family histories, we mailed surveys to 301 providers and had a response rate of 24% (n = 68). Seventy‐three percent felt a patient‐generated computer pedigree would improve their ability to assess risk as compared to their current methods. Seventy percent felt a patient‐generated computer pedigree would either have no effect on or would increase the number of patients that could be seen in a day. Results suggest that providers appreciate the potential benefits of patient‐generated family histories. Genetic counselors and nurses are in a prime position to promote and facilitate the use of patient‐generated family health histories in routine care.
High Pressure Micronization of Tristearate
Authors: Mandžuka Zoran , Škerget Mojca , Knez Željko 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe effect of the pre‐expansion temperature, pre‐expansion pressure and storage time was studied in order to investigate the crystal form, degree of crystallinity, particle size, particle size distribution and morphology of the tristearate. The experiments were performed at pressures between 115 and 215 bar and at temperatures of 54, 60 and 70 °C with the substance being already melted. Samples were characterized immediately after the experiments and later after 3 months of storage at 5 and 20 °C. Results showed an increase in the amorphous phase. During the storage, the micronized samples re‐crystallized. With time, the agglomeration was more emphasized for particles produced at higher temperatures and pressures and stored at a higher temperature. The results of X‐ray analysis did not show a change in crystal form of tristearate (β′ form) before and after micronization, however, for samples stored at 20 °C slow transformation from the β′ (less stable) form to the β (more stable) form occurred. In addition, the morphology of micronized samples showed an irregular and porous shape. The re‐crystallization was more evident with time for samples stored at 20 °C where needle‐like crystals appeared on the surface.
The Bost conjecture, open subgroups and groups acting on trees
Authors: Paravicini Walther 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe prove that the Bost conjecture with C*-algebra coefficients for locally compact Hausdorff groups passes to open subgroups. We also prove that if a locally compact Hausdorff group acts on a tree, then the Bost conjecture with C*-coefficients is true for the group if and only if it is true for the stabilisers of the vertices.
Handling uncertainty in economic evaluations of patient level data: A review of the use of Bayesian methods to inform health technology assessments
Authors: McCarron C. Elizabeth , Pullenayegum Eleanor M. , Marshall Deborah A. , Goeree Ron , Tarride Jean-Eric 
Published: October 2009

Objectives:Due to potential advantages (e.g., using all available evidence), Bayesian methods have been proposed to assist healthcare decision making. This review provides a detailed description of how Bayesian methods have been applied to economic evaluations of patient level data. The results serve both as a reference and as a means by which to examine the appropriate application of Bayesian methods to inform decision making.Methods:MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Economic Evaluation databases were searched to identify studies, published up to November 2007, meeting three inclusion criteria: (i) the study conducted an economic evaluation, (ii) sampling uncertainty was incorporated using Bayesian methods, (iii) the likelihood function was informed by patient level data from a single source. Data were collected on key study characteristics (e.g., prior distribution, likelihood function, presentation of uncertainty).Results:The search identified 366 potentially relevant studies, from which 103 studies underwent full-text review. Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Half of the studies used uninformative priors; most studies incorporated the potential dependence between costs and effects, and presented cost-effectiveness acceptability curves. Results were sensitive to changes in the priors and likelihoods.Conclusions:Limited use of informative priors, among the included studies, gives policy makers little guidance on one of the main benefits of Bayesian methods, the ability to integrate all available evidence to capture the uncertainty inherent in decision making.
The feasibility of harmonizing health technology assessments across jurisdictions: A case study of drug eluting stents
Authors: Trueman Paul , Hurry Manjusha , Bending Matthew , Hutton John 
Published: October 2009

Objectives: There is considerable interest in the potential for harmonizing health technology assessments (HTA) across jurisdictions. This study aims to consider four HTAs of drug eluting stents to determine the degree to which the methods adopted, evidence considered, and resulting recommendations diverge.Methods: Four HTAs of drug eluting stents were selected for inclusion and evaluated using a framework developed to systematically capture information on the process adopted, the evidence considered and the recommendations of each HTA.Results and Conclusions: The findings suggest that, although there is a common core data set considered by most of the agencies, differences in the approach to HTA, heterogeneity of studies, and the limited relevance of research findings to local practice meant that the core data set had only limited influence on the resulting recommendations. Of the HTA agencies considered in the analysis, many sought to generate additional primary research from local settings to help inform the development of recommendations that were relevant to local practice. This raises questions about the extent to which HTA methods can be harmonized across jurisdictions.