bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantiative Determination of Intravascular Coagulation in the Lungs of Experimental Animals
Authors: Saldeen Tom 
Published: August 2010

A method demonstrating intravascular intravital coagulation in the lungs of experimental animals, using intravenous injection of labelled fibrinogen before the deposition of fibrin, is described. In contrast to the histological methods, the present method allows good postmortal quantitative determination of intravascular coagulation occurred during life.Both the dose of the agent (thrombin) by which the coagulation was induced, and the rate at which this agent was administered intravenously, influenced the results. The increased radioactivity, noted when labelled fibrinogen was used, did not occur when fibrinogen was replaced by labelled albumin.
Treatment of Congenital Hypoplastic Anaemia with Prednisone
Authors: Sjölin Stig , Wranne Lars 
Published: August 2010

Six patients suffering from congenital hypoplastic anaemia and treated with prednisone are presented.Three of them responded well and showed reticulocytosis followed by increase of haemoglobin. Prednisone in a daily dosage of 15–20 mg. was effective while less seemed ineffective and higher doses did not give a better response. By giving prednisone intermittently marked growth retardation was avoided during observation periods of 4–13 years.The other three patients responded less well. It was not possible in these cases to elicit reticulocytosis regularly, and reticulocytosis was never followed by a corresponding increase of haemoglobin. One of these patients died from pneumonia at the age of 4 months. The other two have been treated for 4 and 5 years, respectively, with prednisone given intermittently, and with blood transfusions. Only moderate or mild growth retardation was observed.
Release of Splenic Cells into the Blood of Guinea‐Pigs of Different Ages
Authors: Sandberg Göran 
Published: August 2010

Emigration of splenic cells into the blood was studied through determination of the number of white blood cells in splenic afferent and efferent blood. The lymphocytes were divided into subgroups based on differing mitochondrial content. A significant output of splenic cells into the blood was demonstrated in newborn guinea‐pigs, and the splenic veno‐arterial lymphocyte difference increased with the age of the animals. It comprised lymphocytes of all mitochondrial classes. The highest increase in output occurred between 4 and 8 weeks of age. The splenic veno‐arterial lymphocyte difference was not related to splenic weight. A negative correlation between the release of cells from the spleen and the content of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood was established in some of the groups and may be the consequence of a feed‐back mechanism.The low splenic output of lymphocytes with 0–5 mitochondria (smallest lymphocytes) in the very young animals and the relation of these cells to thymic function are discussed.Normal values for the total number of white cells in the blood, as well as for lymphocytes with different mitochondrial content, and the haematocrit in guinea‐pigs of different ages are presented.
Erythrophagocytosis in the Human Bone Marrow
Authors: Marton F. 
Published: August 2010

Erythrocyte destruction by erythrophagocytosis and red blood cell disintegration has been studied in methacrylate embedded human bone marrow. Phagocytosis of erythrocytes is demonstrated in macrophages within the bone marrow sinusoids, in the bone marrow reticulum cells and in the nursing cells of the erythroclastic islands. Red cell destruction takes place both in normal and in pathologically altered bone marrow, but is often markedly increased in hypoplastic bone marrow disease.The bone marrow is considered representing the main erythroblastic organ in normal individuals, removing aged red cells from the circulation by erythrophagocytosis within bone marrow sinusoids. Further disintegration of the erythrocytes in the bone marrow reticulum cells provides directly components for rebuilding of new erythrocytes in the erythroblastic islands.
Hb Sogn (β14 Arginine)
Authors: Monn E. , Bjark P. 
Published: August 2010

Hb Sogn (β14 arginine) is a haemoglobin more unstable than Hb A, however, the individuals heterozygous for Hb Sogn present no symptom or sign of abnormal haemolysis, and in all probability they tolerate treatment with oxidant drugs like sulfonamides. Clinically, Hb Sogn is an innocuous haemoglobin variant.Hb Sogn could be demonstrated through three generations. There is no close genetic linkage between the locus for haemoglobin β‐chain and loci for Rh, Gc, and PGM1 characters.
A New Method for Estimating Splenic Erythrocyte and Plasma Volume Combined with Quantitation of Splenic Iron Incorporation
Authors: Christensen B. Egelund 
Published: August 2010

A method for in vivo determination of the splenic erythrocyte and plasma volume has been developed. Ultrasonic scanning of the splenic region permits not only determination of the shape and topography of the spleen, but also calculation of its volume with great accuracy, using simultaneous computer analysis. Splenic models of a volume as determined by ultrasonic scanning were made of water‐filled balloons and shaped as accurate copies of the scanned spleens. After infusion of known quantities of 51Cr‐labelled erythrocytes and 125I‐labelled albumin, intravenously and into a model of the patient's spleen, it may be determined – by surface measurements over the spleen in situ and over the balloon model – how large a part of the total erythrocyte and plasma volume is localized in the spleen. By the use of 59Fe, the method also allows quantitative determination of the iron incorporation in a spleen with extramedullary erythropoiesis.The percentage which the erythrocyte pool in the spleen constitutes of the total erythrocyte volume increases with increasing spleen weight, apparently independently of the underlying haematological disease.
Chromium51 Uptake as A Function of Platelet Age
Authors: Tsukada Toshiyasu , Steiner Manfred , Baldini Mario G. 
Published: August 2010

This investigation was supported by the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission Contract AT (30–1) 3590.It is known that chromate uptake by platelets is mediated by a bimodal transport mechanism with a diffusional and a saturable transport component. These models of uptake were studied in rat platelet cohorts of different age, obtained during the recovery phase of thrombocytopenia induced by specific hetero‐antibody. At low concentrations of chromate in the medium the saturable transport mechanism prevailed and was found to be markedly dependent on platelet age. Platelets one day or less in age accumulated more than twice the amount of randomly‐aged platelets. At high concentrations of chromate at which diffusional transport predominates, no difference in total chromate accumulation was noted in these two platelet populations. The inhomogeneous distribution of 51Cr in a platelet population may have important bearing on the interpretation of platelet survival curves since by the generally employed labelling method, chromate concentrations are utilized well within the range in which saturable transport prevails and younger platelets are more heavily labelled than older ones.
Phytohaemagglutinin Stimulation of Peripheral Lymphocytes in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia during Remission
Authors: BAKKEREN J. A. J. M. , de VAAN G. A. M. , SCHRETLEN E. D. A. M. 
Published: August 2010

PHA response in vitro of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with ALL was determined during remission by 3H‐thymidine uptake. Short courses of intensive treatment with rubidomycin, vincristine, and prednisone significantly diminished both the PHA response and the number of circulating lymphocytes.PHA stimulation restored itself rather quickly after the cytostatic treatment. Maintenance therapy with 6‐mercaptopurine, methotrexate, or cyclophosphamide did not cause a significant change in PHA response. The results are discussed in relation to the immunological status of the patients and the possibilities of active immunotherapy.
The 45, XO, Ph1Subgroup of Chronic Granulocytic Leukaemia
Authors: GARSON O. MARGARET , MILLIGAN WENDY J. 
Published: August 2010

Three male patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia were found by direct bone marrow chromosome studies to belong to a cytogenetically defined variant of this disorder. In addition to possessing the Philadelphia chromosome, the leukaemic cells lacked a member of group G, thought to be the Y chromosome. This suggestion was confirmed by fluorescent staining of the chromosomes using quinacrine mustard, thus giving a chromosome constitution of 45, XO, Ph1in the bone marrow cells. Using lymphocyte mitoses, the genotype of two of the patients was established as 46, XY. The fluorescent technique also enabled the identification of the Philadelphia chromosome as a member of the pair 22, in all three patients.The clinical and haematological features of the subgroup as illustrated by these patients are described and indicate that there is little to differentiate these patients from those with 46 Ph1chronic granulocytic leukaemia except perhaps a more protracted course of the disease. Therefore diagnosis can only be established by cytogenetic examination of bone marrow or leukaemic cells at presentation.
Determination of Iron Absorption from Whole Diet: A New Two‐Pool Model Using Two Radioiron Isotopes Given as Haem and Non‐Haem Iron
Authors: HALLBERG LEIF , BJÖRN‐RASMUSSEN ERIK 
Published: August 2010

Preliminary data strongly indicate that there is a complete isotopic exchange between an added inorganic iron tracer and non‐haem iron compounds in a number of foodstuffs when thoroughly mixed with the food during preparation. The absorption of such a tracer is expected to give a true measure of the total absorption of non‐haem iron from the diet. Similarly there is evidence indicating that radioiron labelled haemoglobin may be used as a tracer for studies on haem iron absorption from the diet.A two‐pool model is suggested for food iron absorption — one haem iron and one non‐haem iron pool. These pools can be independently labelled with an inorganic radioiron tracer and with radioiron labelled haemoglobin by using two different radioiron isotopes. The total absorption of iron from these pools — from the whole diet — can be measured from the combined measurement of total body retention of 59Fe using whole body counting and determination of the ratio 55Fe/59Fe in a blood sample.A report of preliminary studies on the application of this method in normal and iron deficient men is also given.
Primary and Secondary Platelet Aggregation in Uraemia
Authors: BALLARD HAROLD S. , MARCUS AARON J. 
Published: August 2010

ADP‐induced aggregation (primary and secondary) of platelet‐rich plasma from uraemic subjects did not differ significantly from that of normal individuals. Biphasic aggregation occurred in 13 of 14 uraemic patients and in 11 of 14 normal subjects. The optimal concentration of ADP‐required to demonstrate secondary aggregation was 1 μmolar.It is postulated that the normal response to ADP of platelets from uraemic subjects observed in this study resulted from the addition of optimal amounts of calcium to the platelet‐rich plasma.
Killing and Characterizing Action of Colchicine in vitro on Lymphocytes of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia
Authors: THOMSON A. E. R. , O'CONNOR T.W. E. , WETHERLEY‐MEIN G. 
Published: August 2010

Circulating lymphocytes in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) that die in vitro in 1 day of culture with 10‐7 M‐colchicine (0.04 μg per ml) have been classed as abnormal cells. Most of the increase in peripheral count in 30 patients so far tested (treated or untreated) is due to cells of this type. A colchicine concentration 100, 000 times greater (10‐2 M) kills peripheral populations from healthy individuals in one day. Use of nuclear pyknosis as the index of death has been validated by metabolic and ultrastructural examination of pyknotic lymphocytes. Kinetic studies suggest that initiation of pyknotic degeneration of an abnormal population is achieved at a colchicine concentration of 10‐7 M in ca. 10 hrs — or at higher concentrations in shorter times inversely related to concentration — after attainment of a seemingly critical level of colchicine binding by the population.From comparative cytocidal tests with several structural analogues, and with vinblastine, it is suggested that mode of cytocidal action of colchicine may have a biophysical basis like its antimitotic action involving binding in lymphocytes to micro‐tubular elements. One such analogue, trimethylcolchicinic acid methyl ether (NSC 36354) may be of therapeutic value in treatment of CLL.
The Effect of Soya Bean Trypsin Inhibitor on Kaolin Induced Activation of Factor VII
Authors: BROZOVIĆ MILICA , GURD LINDA 
Published: August 2010

It was recently reported (Gjønnaess & Stormorken 1971) that soya bean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI) inhibits factor VII activation at 4° C in the plasma of women on the contraceptive pill. The present study was undertaken to ascertain whether SBTI could be used to prevent factor VII activation during the preparation of reference plasmas for coagulation tests.The rise in factor VII activity induced by kaolin is most marked at 4° C, less pronounced at 22° C and very slight at 37° C. SBTI in concentrations between 0.18 and 0.25 mg per ml of plasma inhibits the rise in factor VII activity at 4° C and 22° C. The inhibitory effect lasts up to 4 h at 4° C but only 10 min at 22° C. At 37° C, although little change in factor VII levels occurs when kaolin alone is added, in the presence of SBTI a marked and sustained rise in factor VII takes place. Concentrations of SBTI over 0.25 mg per ml of plasma are inhibitory to the assay system used for measuring factor VII.These results indicate that the addition of SBTI is not a suitable means for preventing factor VII activation in the course of preparation of reference plasmas.
Degradation of Fibrinogen in vitro: Demonstration of Several Antigenic Intermediates by Specific Anti‐D and Anti‐E Serum
Authors: GORMSEN JOHS. , FEDDERSEN C. , CLEMMENSEN I. , ANDERSEN R. B. 
Published: August 2010

Degradation of human fibrinogen by porcine plasmin was illustrated by agar and by crossed immunoelectrophoresis using anti‐fibrinogen and monospecific anti‐D and anti‐E serum.Within one minute D+E‐antigenic fragments appear under the actual experimental conditions, showing the position in the electrophoretic systems as the so‐called X‐fraction. Their ability to clot decreases gradually after further digestion and some appear to become heat stable. An E‐antigenic fraction appears shortly after the first D+E‐antigenic fractions, is placed in agar electrophoresis as the so‐called Y‐fraction, is heat stable and non‐clottable, and disappears gradually when no D+E‐antigenic fractions are left, as the final 24 h E‐fraction develops. It is easily distinguished from the latter in crossed immunoelectrophoresis and, due to its higher molecular weight, by Sephadex G 200 column chromatography. The first D‐antigenic fragments appear contemporary with the first E‐antigenic fragments. Early and intermediate D‐antigenic fractions exhibit electrophoretic mobilities in crossed agarose electrophoresis different from that of the late D‐fraction. After sustained digestion fragments with partial D‐antigenicity develop.
Ultrastructural Studies of Platelet ‘Activation’ and Aggregation in Normal Spleen from Different Species
Authors: ELGJO RAGNA FØLLING , HOVIG TORSTEIN 
Published: August 2010

Ultrastructural studies of immersion fixed specimens of spleen from dogs, rabbits and mice were carried out in order to explore morphologically platelet storage and destruction.In normal spleen from non‐treated animals in all species loose platelet aggregates were found in the sinusoids, whereas only single platelets were found in the Billroth cords. Both single and aggregated platelets showed morphological evidence of alterations with shape changes, pseudopod formation, and centralization and occasional loss of organelles. Administration of heparin, epinephrine and platelet antiserum appeared to increase the tendency of platelet aggregation.Macrophage phagocytosis of platelets could be demonstrated, but presence of identifiable platelets within vacuoles of the cells was not a frequent finding. Studies of aortic and splenic vein platelets revealed slight morphological differences, as the latter were more irregular in shape than the aortic platelets. Lower values of platelet serotonin were found in splenic vein than aortic blood, but platelet counts, aggregation ability, and electrophoretic mobility revealed no significant differences. It is concluded that the platelets in the spleen morphologically show evidence of ‘activation’, and that they are partly stored as loosely packed aggregates. This was, however, not reflected by the functional tests carried out.
The Effect of Vinblastine and Demecolcine on Circulating Megakaryocytes in Adult Rats
Authors: PEDERSEN N. TINGGAARD 
Published: August 2010

The effect of intravenous injection of vinblastine and demecolcine on the number of circulating megakaryocytes in the inferior vena cava was investigated in female rats. The count was in each case significantly higher than in the controls, and significantly higher in the vinblastine series than in the demecolcine series. The number of circulating megakaryocytes with copious cytoplasm was greater in the vinblastine series (53 %) than in the control series (37 %).The blood platelet count was strongly affected by vinblastine with a maximum fall to 50 % in the course of 24 h, about 9 days elapsing before the original level was re‐established; demecolcine did not affect the number of circulating blood platelets.
Treatment of Hodgkin's Disease: Results Obtained by Individualized Treatment Using Radiotherapy and Cytostatics
Authors: ANDERSEN E. , CHRISTENSEN B. EGELUND , VIDEBÆK Aa. 
Published: August 2010

45 patients with Hodgkin's disease were treated by local radiotherapy and/or one or more of the following cytostatics: chlornaphazine, cyclophosphamide, procarbazine, vinblastine, and chlormethine. It is stressed that much more detailed information about the disease in each individual patient than is usually given is needed to make groups of patients comparable. Therefore, details concerning the course of the disease, including its initial stage, progression to a more advanced stage, periods with demonstrable lymphomas, duration of remissions, radiotherapy, and cytostatic treatment, are shown for every single patient in a diagram.The 5‐year survival for the entire group was 47 %. 31 patients were in retrospect classified as stage I or II. The 5‐year survival for this group was 57 %. For 14 patients initially classified as stage III or IV the survival was about 20 %. 82 % of the patients went into complete remission. The mean total duration of complete remission was 50.3 months.Forty patients received cytostatic treatment by one or more of the above‐mentioned cytostatics, always given as single‐drug therapy. The 4‐year survival after start of treatment was 29 %. 73 % of the patients receiving cytostatics went into complete remission. Total duration of complete remission (i.e. complete disappearance of lymphomas) after initiation of cytostatic treatment was 22.9 months.Combination chemotherapy might be superior to single‐drug therapy, but comparison of groups treated in different ways is almost impossible because of the differences in selecting patients for treatment.
The Relation of Thrombokinetics to Bone Marrow Megakaryocytes and to the Size of the Spleen in Polycythaemia Vera
Authors: Kutti Jack , Ridell Börje , Weinfeld Aleksander , Westin Jan 
Published: August 2010

Platelet kinetics, volume of megakaryocytes per μl sternal bone marrow, and the volume of the spleen have been quantitated in 20 cases of untreated polycythaemia vera (PV). There was a very good relationship between platelet production rate and megakaryocyte volume/μl bone marrow. The results suggest that megakaryopoiesis in PV represents mainly an effective platelet production. The megakaryocyte volume/μl bone marrow was significantly related to the body platelet mass (p < 0.001), but its relationship to the peripheral platelet count was significant only at the 10 % level. This was due to altered platelet distribution caused by differences in spleen and blood volumes.There was a negative relationship between platelet half‐life time (T 1/2) and spleen volume (0.10 > p > 0.05) suggesting that enlargement of the spleen as such influences platelet survival. A highly significant correlation between platelet production rate and spleen volume, as well as between body platelet mass and spleen volume was found. The influence of the spleen size on platelet kinetics in PV has been discussed.
On the Fine Structure and Aggregation Requirements of Gel Filtered Platelets (GFP)
Authors: Tangen O. , McKinnon E. L. , Berman H. J. 
Published: August 2010

Hamster platelets separated from plasma by gel filtration (GFP) have been subjected to further studies:(1) The intraplatelet organelles of the GFP as examined by the electron microscope have an appearance similar to those of platelets in plasma and of platelets washed by centrifugation (CP).(2) The frequency of pseudopods exhibited by the GFP and platelets in PRP was significantly less than in the preparations of CP. However, GFP had more platelets with three or more pseudopods than did platelet left undisturbed in citrated plasma.(3) Electron microscopy of the GFP during ADP‐induced aggregation showed these platelets to behave morphologically as PRP.(4) The Ca++ and Mg++ requirements of GFP in ADP‐induced aggregation were similar to those reported earlier by other workers.(5) Addition of fibrinogen to GFP was not required for ADP‐induced aggregation.(6) Albumin stabilized the GFP so that the platelets remained responsive to ADP for at least 3 h after gel filtration.
Differentiation of Leukaemic Cells in Diffusion Chambers
Authors: A.Vilpo J. 
Published: August 2010

Morphological and cytochemical characteristics of cells obtained from Shay chloroleukaemia tumour growing subcutaneously in the rat and after 0.5–16 d of diffusion chamber culturing were assayed using seven different cytochemical procedures. Further, the cytochemical characteristics of the recent subline of Shay chloroma were compared with those reported in 1962 by other workers.The chloroleukaemia cells did undergo some maturation in diffusion chamber cultures, but full differentiation to polymorphonuclear cells was not seen. The most striking change in the cytochemical pattern of chloroleukaemia cells during the diffusion chamber culturing was a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase activity. There were some cytological differences in the recent chloroma tumour compared with that described 10 years ago.The observations made in the present work show that all properties of cells after a neoplastic transformation are not irreversible: many characteristics of malignant chloroleukaemia cells can alter when these cells are maintained in different host animals or in the diffusion chamber milieu.