bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Experience with the Prismaflex Hf 20 Set in Four Infants
Authors: Rödl Siegfried , Marschitz Ingrid , Mache Christoph J. , Koestenberger Martin , Madler Georg , Rehak Thomas , Zobel Gerfried 
Published: February 2011

Purpose Renal replacement therapy (RRT) in infants is challenging due to a lack of widely available technology that is specific to this patient population. We present our initial experience with the newly developed Prismaflex HF2O® disposable set used on the Prismaflex® device in infants with renal failure. Patients Four infants, age 5 to 24 months, were enrolled. Overall 120 treatment sessions were performed over 300 patient-days. Treatment monitoring included patient weight change and fluid balance, treatment efficacy, number of interventions, and alarms. Results Desired fluid balance according to the prescribed weight loss was achieved in all patients (R2=0.86, p<0.0001). Treatment efficacy was monitored by blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine values at the start of RRT (59±17 mg/dL and 5.1±1.1 mg/dL) and their decrease after 4 hours of RRT (23±7 mg/dL and 2.2±0.6 mg/dL). Measured urea and creatinine clearances for the HF20 filter were 23±7 ml/min and 19±4 ml/min, respectively. No complications occurred. Conclusion This is the first report on the use of the Prismaflex HF20 set in infants. No adverse events were observed, treatments were well tolerated in all patients, and flow rate adaptability to infants’ needs was good.
Regioselective
C
‐4 Bromination of Oxazoles: 4‐Bromo‐5‐(Thiophen‐2‐yl)Oxazole
Authors: Li Bryan , Buzon Richard A. , Zhang Zhijun 
Published: February 2011

Abstract

5‐(Thiophen‐2‐yl)oxazole

2‐Thiophenecarboxylaldehyde

Tosylmethylisocyanide

4‐Bromo‐5‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)oxazole

Lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide

N‐
Bromosuccinimide
Catalytic Enantioselective Borane Reduction of Benzyl Oximes: Preparation of (S)‐1‐Pyridin‐3‐yl‐ethylamine bis Hydrochloride
Authors: Huang Kun , Ortiz‐Marciales Margarita 
Published: February 2011

Abstract(‐)‐(S)‐1(1,3,2‐Dioxaborolan‐2‐yloxy)3‐methyl‐1,1‐diphenylbutan‐2‐amine3‐Acetyl pyridineHydroxylamine hydrochlorideSodium hydrideBenzyl bromideBorane tetrahydrofuran complex solution(E)‐1‐Pyridin‐3‐yl‐ethanone oxime(E)‐1‐Pyridin‐3‐yl‐ethanolO‐benzyl oxime(S)‐1‐Pyridin‐3‐yl‐ethylamine(S)‐1‐Pyridin‐3‐yl ethylamine hydrochloride
Synthesis of (3‐Chlorobutyl)benzene by the Cobalt‐Catalyzed Hydrochlorination of 4‐Phenyl‐1‐Butene
Authors: Gaspar Boris , Waser Jerome , Carreira Erick M. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract

(3‐Chlorobutyl)benzene

2‐(3,5‐Di‐
tert‐
butyl‐2‐hydroxybenzylidenamino)‐2,2‐diphenyl acetic acid

a,a‐Diphenylglycine

3,5‐Di‐
t
‐butyl‐2‐hydroxybenzaldehdye

Cobalt(II) tetrafluroborate hexahydrate

p
‐Toluenesulfonyl chloride

t
‐Butyl hydroperoxide

Phenylsilane

4‐Phenyl‐1‐butene
Preparation of (

E

)‐(2‐Iodovinyl)Benzene from Benzyl Bromide and Diiodomethane
Authors: Bull James A. , Mousseau James J. , Charette André B. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract

Sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide

Benzyl bromide

1,8‐Diazbicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene

(E)‐(2‐Iodovinyl)benzene
A General Method for Copper‐Catalyzed Arylation of Acidic Arene
C
‐
H
Bonds. Preparation of 2‐Chloro‐5‐(3‐Methylphenyl)‐Thiophene
Authors: Alvarado Joseph , Do Hien‐Quang , Daugulis Olafs 
Published: February 2011

Abstract

1‐Iodo‐3‐methylbenzene

2‐Chlorothiophene

Lithium
t
‐butoxide

1,10‐Phenanthroline

Copper(I) iodide

Ttrahydro‐1,3‐dimethyl‐2(1H)‐pyrimidinone

2‐Chloro‐5‐(3‐methylphenyl)‐thiophene
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Arylation of Ortho
C
‐
H
Bond in an Aromatic with an Arylboronate: 8‐Phenyl‐1‐Tetralone
Authors: Kitazawa Kentaroh , Kochi Takuya , Kakiuchi Fumitoshi 
Published: February 2011

Abstract

Ruthenium, carbonyldihydrotris(triphenylphosphine)

1‐Tetralone

Phenylboronate
Amide Formation by Decarboxylative Condensation of Hydroxylamines and α‐Ketoacids:

N

‐[(1

S

)‐1 Phenylethyl]‐Benzeneacetamide
Authors: Ju Lei , Bode Jeffrey W. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract

Phenylpyruvic acid

Dimethylformamide

(
S
)‐(a‐Methylbenzyl)hydroxylamine oxalate salt

Benzeneacetamide,
N
‐[1
S
)‐1‐phenylethyl]
Pd(0)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic and Homoallylic Diamination of 4‐Phenyl‐1‐Butene with Di‐

Tert

‐Butyldiaziridinone
Authors: Zhao Baoguo , Du Haifeng , Fu Renzhong , Shi Yian 
Published: February 2011

Abstract

2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidine

Phosphorous trichloride

(
S
)‐H
8
‐BINOL

(
S
)‐1(8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15)‐Octahydro‐3,5‐diox‐4‐phosphacyclohepta[2,1‐a;3,4a′]dinaphthalen4‐yl)‐2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperdine

Tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium

Di‐
tert
‐butyldiaziridinone

(4
S
,5
S
)1‐3‐Di‐
tert
‐butyl‐4‐phenyl‐5‐vinylimadazolidin‐2‐one
Nickel‐Catalyzed EnantioselectiveNegishi Cross‐Couplings of Racemic Secondary α‐Bromo Amides with Alkylzinc Reagents: (

S

)‐

N

‐Benzyl‐7‐Cyano‐2‐Ethyl‐

N

‐Phenylheptanamide
Authors: Lou Sha , Fu Gregory C. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract

6‐Bromohexanitrile

Zinc

N
‐Benzyl‐2‐bromo‐
N
‐phenylbutanamide

Nickel(II) chloride, dimethoxyethane adduct

R‐i‐
Pr‐Pybox

(S
)‐
N‐
Benzyl‐7‐cyano‐2‐ethyl‐
N‐
phenylheptanamide
Synthesis of a

N

‐Mesityl Substituted Aminoindanol‐Derived Triazolium Salt
Authors: Struble Justin R. , Bode Jeffrey W. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract

2,4,6‐Trimethylaniline

Hydrogen chloride

Sodium nitrite

Tin(II) chloride dihydrate

Trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate

Hydrogen chloride, dioxane solution

2‐Mesitylhydrazinium chloride

Chlorobenzene

Triethyl orthoformate

(5a
R
,10bS)‐5a,10b‐Dihydro‐2‐(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)‐4
H,
6H
‐
indeno[2,1
b
]‐1,2,4‐triazolo[4,3‐
d
]‐1,4‐oxazinium chloride
Genetic Manipulation of Clostridium difficile
Authors: Bouillaut Laurent , McBride Shonna M. , Sorg Joseph A. 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTClostridium difficile is a Gram‐positive, spore forming, anaerobic, intestinal bacterium and is the most common cause of antibiotic‐associated colitis. For many years this organism was considered genetically intractable, but in the past 10 years, multiple methods have been developed or adapted for genetic manipulation of C. difficile. This unit describes the molecular techniques used for genetic modification of this organism, including methods for gene disruption, complementation, plasmid introduction and integration, and cross‐species conjugations.
Genetic Transformation of Borrelia burgdorferi
Authors: Hyde Jenny A. , Weening Eric H. , Skare Jon T. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe development of robust genetic tools to manipulate Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of Lyme disease, now allows investigators to assess the role(s) of individual genes in the context of experimental Lyme borreliosis. This unit is devoted to the description of experimental approaches that are available for the molecular genetic analysis of B. burgdorferi with an emphasis on cultivation, electrotransformation, selection of desired mutants, and genetic complementation of acquired mutants. The intent is to provide a consensus protocol that encapsulates the methodologies currently employed by the B. burgdorferi research community and describe pertinent issues that must be accounted for when working with these pathogenic spirochetal bacteria. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 20:12C.4.1‐12C.4.17. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Rat Model of Chronic Leptospirosis
Authors: Bonilla‐Santiago Rubén , Nally Jarlath E. 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTReservoir hosts of pathogenic Leptospira species, including wild and domestic animal species, persistently excrete leptospires from infected renal tubules via urine into the environment. Reservoir hosts are typically asymptomatic. In contrast to the hamster model of leptospirosis (described in UNIT 12E.2), which emulates the severe form of human leptospirosis, the rat model of chronic leptospirosis emulates the asymptomatic infection observed in reservoir hosts. Rats are the primary reservoir host for pathogenic Leptospira species associated with the severe forms of human leptospirosis.
Nanomaterials‐Based Magnetic Relaxation Switch Biosensors
Authors: Lowery Tom 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionSuperparamagnetic NanoparticlesAgglomeration‐Based SensingT2Sensitivity ofMRSWParticlesFundamentals ofT2RelaxationDetectingT2RelaxationTheoretical Model forT2and Nanoparticle SizeKinetics of Magnetic Relaxation Switch BiosensorsDemonstrations of Magnetic Relaxation Switch BiosensorsDetecting Nucleic AcidsDetecting ProteinsDetecting EnzymesDetecting VirusesDetecting Small MoleculesDetecting IonsDetecting CellsMethods DevelopmentReagent Synthesis, Preparation, and CharacterizationMeasurement and Sensitivity Enhancement MethodsMicro‐NMRof Magnetic Relaxation Switch BiosensorsAcknowledgments
Magnetophoretic Biosensing and Separation Using Magnetic Nanomaterials
Authors: Kang Joo H. , Hahn Young Ki , Kim Kyu Sung , Park Je‐Kyun 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionTheoryMagnetic Properties of a MaterialMagnetophoresisHigh‐Gradient Magnetic SeparationMagnetophoresis in Microfluidic DevicesDesign and Microfabrication ProcessesExperimental Set‐UpMeasurement and AnalysisMagnetophoretic BiosensingMagnetophoretic Sandwich ImmunoassayHighly Sensitive Biosensors UsingHGMSDisease Diagnosis Using Magnetophoretic Assay SystemsMultiplexed Magnetophoretic ImmunoassayMagnetophoretic SeparationCell Separation and AnalysisSeparation of NanomaterialsIsomagnetophoresis (IMP)Concluding RemarksAcknowledgments
Magnetic Nanomaterials asMRIContrast Agents
Authors: Gun'ko Yurii K. , Brougham Dermot F. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionClassification of Magnetic Nanomaterials Used forMRIApplicationsMagnetic Oxide‐Based NanoparticlesMagnetic Metal‐ and Alloy‐Based Nanoparticles as Contrast AgentsRare Earth Metal‐Loaded Nanoparticulate Contrast AgentsCoating and Surface Functionalization of Magnetic NanoparticlesSurface Modification with Monomeric StabilizersModification Using Polymeric StabilizersModification Using Inorganic CoatingsVectorization of Magnetic Nanomaterials for Targeted ImagingProperties and Characterization of Magnetic Nanoparticle SuspensionsCharacterizing the SuspensionsNanoparticle Size: Transmission Electron MicroscopyMagnetic Properties: MagnetometryHydrodynamic Size: Photon Correlation SpectroscopyMagnetic Resonance Properties: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance DispersionNMRRelaxation in the Presence of Superparamagnetic NanoparticlesSPMTheory Applied to Suspensions of Nanoparticle ClustersGeneral Application of Relaxation Time MeasurementsApplication of Magnetic Nanomaterials inMRICurrent Clinical ApplicationsGastrointestinal Tract and Bowel ImagingLiver and Spleen ImagingLymph Node ImagingBone Marrow ImagingBrain ImagingBlood Pool Imaging andMRAngiographyAtherosclerosis ImagingPotential Clinical ApplicationsCellular Labeling and TrackingMolecular ImagingSummary and Future OutlookImproved Imaging MethodsImproved Imaging HardwareImproved Contrast Agents
Magnetic Nanomaterials for
In Vivo
and
In Vitro
Cancer Diagnostics
Authors: Kim Kelly Y. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Physico‐Chemical Properties of Magnetic Nanoparticles

Surface Coating for Improved Biocompatibility and Bioavailability

MRI
for
In Vivo
Diagnostics

Principles of
MRI

SPIOs
as
MRI
Contrast Agents

Specific Targeting of Tumors for Imaging

MRI
for the Monitoring of Treatment

Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles in
In Vitro
Diagnostics

Magnetic Nanoparticle‐Based Improvements on Immunoassays

Electrochemical Immunoassays

Immunoassays Using Magnetic Luminescent Nanoparticles (
MLNPs
)

Magnetic Relaxation Switch (
MRSw
) Biosensors for Multi‐Sample Analysis

DNA
Sequence Detection by
B
rownian Relaxation Frequency Measurement

Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells

Aptamers as an Alternative to Antibodies

Conclusions
The Use of Magnetic Particles in Tissue Engineering
Authors: Cartmell Sarah H. , Dobson Jon 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMagnetic microparticles and nanoparticles have been utilized in a variety of tissues to influence cell seeding, cell growth and mechanotransduction for regenerative medicine strategies. These particles vary in size, surface chemistry, magnetic properties and bulk chemistry. This chapter describes the latest research and findings regarding magnetic particles and their applications in tissue engineering. Tissues have been grown in sheet form, tubular form, and in three‐dimensional (3‐D) porous network dimensions. The construction of multilayered tissues such as cardiomyocyte/vascular networks is described, as well as magnetic force mechanical conditioning bioreactors designed for use with stem cell targeting and bone tissue engineering strategies. The use of magnetic particles for epithelial tissue manipulation, keratinocyte growth, hepatocyte and endothelial cells is also discussed, as are future directions for magnetic particles in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In 2006, Ito and Honda [1] described the potential of their research using magnetic particles to create 3‐D sheets for tissue engineering purposes, based primarily on the group's own findings. In 2008, Dobson briefly reviewed nanomagnetic actuation, outlining the mechanisms of nanomagnetic actuation and highlighting tissue engineering applications, although the main focus of the review was on the techniques and various applications other than tissue engineering. In this chapter, we will update the results obtained since Ito and Honda's first report, and discuss other tissue engineering applications such as mechanotransduction and gene therapy approaches to tissue engineering using magnetic particles.
Approaches to the Biofunctionalization of Spherical and Anisotropic Iron Oxide Nanomaterials
Authors: Thode Christopher J. , Williams Mary Elizabeth 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionMagnetic Nanoparticle SynthesisNanoparticle FunctionalizationSurface AdsorptionLigand ExchangeSilanes and SiloxanesMonolayer ReactionsEncapsulationEncapsulation: Silica (SiO2)Encapsulation: Metallic and Semiconductor ShellsEncapsulation: Polymeric and Carbon ShellsEncapsulation: Carbon ShellsLipids and DendrimersLipidsDendrimersConclusions
Characterization of Magnetic Nanoparticles Using Magnetic Force Microscopy
Authors: Agarwal Gunjan 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionDevelopment ofMFMComparison ofMFMto Other TechniquesInvasive ImagingNoninvasive ImagingMagnetic Resonance Force MicroscopyPhysical Principals ofMFMStatic ModeDynamic ModeForces Due to Magnetic InteractionNoise inMFMThermal NoiseMagnetic Versus Topographic SignalsMFMCantilevers and ProbesWire ProbesThin‐Film‐Coated Si ProbesFIBProbesCNTProbesProbe CalibrationQuantitative Calibration of the Magnetic Force Microscope ProbeCalibration SamplesResolution inMFMLateral ResolutionVertical ResolutionMFMfor Magnetic NanoparticlesFerromagnetic NanoparticlesSuperparamagnetic or Paramagnetic NanoparticlesThe Application ofMFMin the Life SciencesLimitations inMFMRecent Developments inMFMNon‐Optical Methods for Cantilever DetectionApplication of External Magnetic FieldsTechnique Developments forMFMSummary and Future Perspectives
Cobalt Nanomaterials: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Zhang Zhihua , Zhou Tiejun , Lu Meihua , Poh Allen Wei Choong , Piramanayagam Seidikkurippu N. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionThe Characterization of Co NanoparticlesShape, Size, and MicrostructureTransmission Electron MicroscopyScanning Electron MicroscopyMagnetic PropertiesMorphologyElemental and Chemical AnalysisAuger Electron SpectroscopyX‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) SpectroscopyThe Crystal Structure:X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD)Synthesis of Cobalt‐Based NanoparticlesIntroductionStabilization of NanomaterialsSynthesis of Cobalt NanomaterialsPhysical MethodsChemical Vapor DepositionLiquid‐Phase Chemical PrecipitationSummary and OutlookMagnetic Properties of Co NanoparticlesIntroductionFinite Size EffectsSize‐Dependent Crystalline StructureSize‐Dependent Magnetic Domain Structure and the Reversal of Co NanoparticlesThermal‐Activation Effect on the Moment and CoercivitySuperparamagnetism in Co Nanoparticle System and its Direct InvestigationSurface Effects of Co NanoparticlesMoment Enhancement of Surface AtomsAnisotropy Enhancement of Co NanoparticlesExchange Bias Between the Core and the Oxidized Surface in Co NanoparticlesSummarySummary and Outlook
Biofunctionalization of Polymeric Thin Films and Surfaces
Authors: Schönherr Holger 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this chapter, attention is focused on the chemistry and surface engineering involved in the fabrication and modification of advanced functional surfaces and biointerfaces based on polymers. In addition to discussing the sophisticated and optimized surface chemistry that allows the introduction of biologically active species and ligands at surfaces and on structured specimens, the implementation of the important function of reduced or suppressed nonspecific adsorption of proteins receives particular attention. The central concepts are illustrated with selected recent examples of the application of these chemistry and surface‐engineering approaches in areas which include (but are not limited to) advanced biosensors, cellular microenvironments, and surface interaction studies.
Stimuli‐Responsive Polymer Nanocoatings
Authors: Cordeiro Ana L. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionStimuli‐Responsive PolymersPolymers Responsive to TemperaturePolymers Responsive topHDual Responsive/Multiresponsive PolymersIntelligent BioconjugatesResponsive BiopolymersPolymer Films and Interfacial AnalysisApplicationsRelease MatricesCell Sheet EngineeringBiofilm ControlCell SortingStimuli‐Modulated MembranesChromatographyMicrofluidics and Laboratory‐on‐a‐ChipSummary and Future PerspectivesAcknowledgments
Ceramic Nanocoatings and Their Applications in the Life Sciences
Authors: Thian Eng San 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionMagnetron SputteringPhysical and Chemical Properties ofSiHACoatingsBiological Properties ofSiHACoatingsIn VitroAcellular TestingIn VitroCellular TestingFuture PerspectivesConclusions
Gold Nanofilms: Synthesis, Characterization, and Potential Biomedical Applications
Authors: Tokonami Shiho , Shiigi Hiroshi , Nagaoka Tsutomu 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionPreparation of Various AuNPsFunctionalization of AuNPs and their Applications through AggregationAuNP Assemblies and ArraysAuNP Assemblies Structured on SubstratesAuNP Assembly on BiotemplatesAuNP Arrays for Gas SensingAuNP Arrays for BiosensingConclusions
Free‐Standing Nanostructured Thin Films
Authors: Ichinose Izumi 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionThe Roles of Free‐Standing Thin FilmsFilms as PartitionsNanoseparation MembranesBiomembranesFree‐Standing Thin Films with Bilayer StructuresSupported Lipid Bilayers and “Black Lipid Membranes”Foam Films and Newton Black FilmsDried Foam FilmFoam Films of Ionic LiquidsFree‐Standing Thin Films Prepared with Solid SurfacesFree‐Standing Thin Films of NanoparticlesNanofibrous Free‐Standing Thin FilmsElectrospinning and Filtration MethodsMetal Hydroxide NanostrandsNanofibrous Composite FilmsNanoseparation MembranesConclusions
Dip‐Pen Nanolithography of Nanostructured Thin Films for the Life Sciences
Authors: Kim Euiseok , Lee Yuan‐Shin , Aggarwal Ravi , Narayan Roger J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionDip‐Pen NanolithographyImportant ParametersApplications ofDPNDirect and Indirect Patterning of Biomaterials UsingDPNBackgroundDirect PatterningIndirect PatterningApplications ofDPNfor Medical Diagnostics and Drug DevelopmentGeneral Methods of Nano/Micro Bioarray PatterningVirus Array Generation and Detection TestsDiagnosis of Allergic DiseaseCancer Detection Using Nano/Micro Protein ArraysDrug DevelopmentLab‐on‐a‐Chip Using MicroarraysSummary and Future Directions
Imaging of Thin Films, and Its Application in the Life Sciences
Authors: Mittler Silvia 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis chapter summarizes the fabrication, patterning, microscopy, and applications of thin films and, notably, their applications in the life sciences. Because the field is enormous, only organic thin films on metal and glass substrates are described. Details of optical microscopy technologies are discussed in detail, based mainly on evanescent technology, while near‐field methods and electron microscopy are referred to only briefly. The applications described incorporate only a small fraction of those used in thin film technology and engineering in the life sciences.
Structural Characterization Techniques of Molecular Aggregates, Polymer, and Nanoparticle Films
Authors: Hasegawa Takeshi 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Characterization of Ultrathin Films of Soft Materials

X
‐Ray Diffraction Analysis

Infrared Transmission and Reflection Spectroscopy

Multiple‐Angle Incidence Resolution Spectrometry (
MAIRS
)

Theoretical Background of
MAIRS

Molecular Orientation Analysis in Polymer Thin Films by
IR
‐
MAIRS

Analysis of Metal Thin Films
Quantum Dots for Targeted Tumor Imaging
Authors: Jang Eue‐Soon , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMolecular imaging is a key component of twenty‐first century cancer management. In particular, quantum dot (QD) technology plays a key role in molecular imaging. Over the past decade, various QDs with core–shell and core–shell–shell structures with fluorescence emission from the UV to near‐infrared region have been investigated by pioneering studies in chemical synthesis. Moreover, numerous studies on QDs forin vitroandin vivomolecular imaging led to the advancement of QD surface modification, coating, biocompatibility, sensitivity, multiplexing, targeting specificity, as well as important findings regarding their toxicity and clinical applicability. In this chapter, the goal is to provide the basics of QDs and their applications for diagnostic cancer imaging, as well as details of QD design and bioconjugation chemistries to target cancers. In addition, the recent literature on QD technology will be highlighted, and the benefits, challenges, limitations, and future scopes of QD technology, in bothin vitroandin vivotumor imaging applications, described.
Medical Diagnostics of Quantum Dot‐Based Protein Micro‐ and Nanoarrays
Authors: Gokarna Anisha , Cho Yong‐Hoon 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionInvention of Protein MicroarraysOptical Readout of Protein Arrays: Traditional versus New LabelsProtein ArraysThe Various Types of Protein ArrayMethods of Optical Detection in Protein Arrays Using Labeled ProbesFrom Microarrays to Nanoarrays: Why Nanoarrays?Functionalization ofQDsfor Attachment to Proteins or Other BiomoleculesFabrication of Protein BiochipsPrinting ofQDs‐Conjugated Protein Microarray BiochipsNanoarray Protein Chips UsingQDsQDsProbes in Clinical ApplicationsDetection of Disease (Cancer) Biomarkers UsingQDLabelsCertain Limitations inQDsLabeled Microarrays: Nonspecific Binding EffectsQDsversus Organic Dyes in Protein MicroarraysMultiplexing in Protein Microarrays UsingQDsQDs‐Labeled Protein NanoarraysSummary and Future PerspectivesAcknowledgments
Type‐
I
and Type‐
II
Core–Shell Quantum Dots: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Dorfs Dirk , Hickey Stephen , Eychmüller Alexander 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Core–Shell
UV
‐Vis Nanoparticulate Materials

Type‐
I
Core–Shell Structures

Type‐
II
Core–Shell Structures

Multiple Shell Structures

Nonspherical Nanoheterostructures

Characterization of Nanoheterostructures

Core‐Shell Infrared Nanoparticulate Materials

Type
I
Core–Shell Infrared Structures

Type
II
Core–Shell Infrared Structures

Summary and Conclusions