bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different signal intensity at Gd‐EOB‐DTPA compared with Gd‐DTPA‐enhanced MRI in hepatocellular carcinoma transgenic mouse model in delayed phase hepatobiliary imaging
Authors: Korkusuz Huedayi , Knau Lea L. , Kromen Wolfgang , Bihrer Verena , Keese Daniel , Piiper Albrecht , Vogl Thomas J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate hyperintense Gd‐DTPA‐ compared with hyper‐ and hypointense Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced magnet resonance imaging (MRI) in c‐myc/TGFα transgenic mice for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Materials And Methods:Twenty HCC‐bearing transgenic mice with overexpression of the protooncogene c‐myc and transforming growth factor‐alpha (TGF‐α) were analyzed. MRI was performed using a 3‐T MRI scanner and an MRI coil. The imaging protocol included Gd‐DTPA‐ and Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced T1‐weighted images. The statistically evaluated parameters are signal intensity (SI), signal intensity ratio (SIR), contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR), percentage enhancement (PE), and signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR).Results:On Gd‐DTPA‐enhanced MRI compared with Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MRI, the SI of liver was 265.02 to 573.02 and of HCC 350.84 to either hyperintense with 757.1 or hypointense with 372.55 enhancement. Evaluated parameters were SNR of HCC 50.1 to 56.5/111.5 and SNR of liver parenchyma 37.8 to 85.8, SIR 1.32 to 1.31/0.64, CNR 12.2 to 26.1/−30.08 and PE 42.08% to 80.5/−98.2%, (P < 0.05).Conclusion:Gd‐EOB‐DTPA is superior to Gd‐DTPA for detecting HCC in contrast agent‐enhanced MRI in the c‐myc/TGFα transgenic mouse model and there was no difference between the hyperintense or hypointense appearance of HCC. Either way, HCCs can easily be distinguished from liver parenchyma in mice. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:1397–1402. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Facile Synthesis of Supramolecular Ionic Polymers That Combine Unique Rheological, Ionic Conductivity, and Self‐Healing Properties
Authors: Aboudzadeh M. Ali , Muñoz M. Eugenia , Santamaría Antxon , Marcilla Rebeca , Mecerreyes David 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA new family of supramolecular ionic polymers is synthesized by a simple method using (di‐/tri‐)carboxylic acids and (di‐/tri‐)alkyl amines. These polymers are formed by carboxylate and ammonium molecules that are weakly bonded together by a combination of ionic and hydrogen bonds, becoming solid at room temperature. The supramolecular ionic polymers show a sharp rheological transition from a viscoelastic gel to a viscous liquid between 30 and 80 °C. This sharp viscosity decrease is responsible for an unprecedented jump in ionic conductivity of four orders of magnitude in that temperature range. As a potential application, this chemistry can be used to develop polymeric materials with self‐healing properties, since it combines properties from supramolecular polymers and ionomers into the same material.
From Molecular Docking to 3D‐Quantitative Structure‐Activity Relationships (3D‐QSAR): Insights into the Binding Mode of 5‐Lipoxygenase Inhibitors
Authors: Eren Gokcen , Macchiarulo Antonio , Banoglu Erden 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPharmacological intervention with 5‐Lipoxygenase (5‐LO) is a promising strategy for treatment of inflammatory and allergic ailments, including asthma. With the aim of developing predictive models of 5‐LO affinity and gaining insights into the molecular basis of ligand‐target interaction, we herein describe QSAR studies of 59 diverse nonredox‐competitive 5‐LO inhibitors based on the use of molecular shape descriptors and docking experiments. These studies have successfully yielded a predictive model able to explain much of the variance in the activity of the training set compounds while predicting satisfactorily the 5‐LO inhibitory activity of an external test set of compounds. The inspection of the selected variables in the QSAR equation unveils the importance of specific interactions which are observed from docking experiments. Collectively, these results may be used to design novel potent and selective nonredox 5‐LO inhibitors.
Low‐frequency nonlinear memory effects in M‐ary QAM communications systems
Authors: Allegue‐Martínez Michel , Madero‐Ayora María J. , Reina‐Tosina Javier , Navarro‐Lázaro J. , Crespo‐Cadenas Carlos 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis article focuses on low‐frequency nonlinear memory effects caused by a power amplifier (PA). Two models have been adopted for the PA to perform simulations of an M‐ary communications system, the memory polynomial model and a dynamic Volterra‐based model, both were able to predict the desired effects. An experimental setup allowing the identification of the coefficients using time‐domain data acquisitions has been used, with the capability to represent the distorted signal in the constellation plane and to make error vector magnitude measurements. A good agreement between simulations with the adopted models and measurements has been obtained, showing the degradation of the communications system due to low‐frequency nonlinear memory effects. A significant distortion and Eb/No losses are observed when a symbol rate of 17 ksym/s (low frequency zone) is used, when compared with the behavior of the system at 2 Msym/s. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:826–829, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26608
Compact dual‐band MIMO antenna for 4G USB dongle applications
Authors: Li Zuxing , Han Minseok , Choi Jaehoon 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAn extremely compact dual‐band MIMO antenna for 4G USB dongle applications is proposed for operation in the long term evolution (LTE) band 13 (0.746–0.787 GHz) and the M‐WiMAX band (2.5–2.69 GHz).The proposed multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna consists of two identical elements, each of which is 15 × 13.25 mm2. The minimum separation between the two elements is 0.5 mm (about 0.13% of the wavelength in free space at 0.765 GHz). Each antenna element of the proposed MIMO system is composed of a feeding strip, a spiral‐like radiating strip, and an L‐shaped parasitic strip. The radiating and L‐shaped strips are short‐circuited to the ground plane. The radiating and parasitic strips, which are capacitively coupled to the feeding strip, operate not only as radiators but also work as resonators to reduce the coupling between the two closely packed input ports. The proposed MIMO antenna has a measured port‐to‐port isolation performance of more than 13 dB over the frequency bands of interest. In addition, the ECCs are maintained below 0.3. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:744–748, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26612
Concurrent dual band class F power amplifier with novel harmonic control network
Authors: Ding Yao , Guo Yong‐Xin , Liu Fa‐Lin , You Lan 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this article, we present a novel two‐section transmission line (TSTL) based dual band harmonic control (HC) technique applied to the design of high efficiency power amplifier (PA).The dual band TSTL design criterion is investigated for three particular cases and a class‐F HC network adopting all the three kinds of TSTLs is designed. For further demonstration, we realized and fabricated a harmonic tuned PA operating concurrently at 0.8 and 1.9 GHz. Experimental results have shown 75% and 72% PAE at 40.1 and 43.3 dBm output power in the two targeted bands. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:707–711, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26629
Design of an indoor repeater antenna with high isolation using metamaterials
Authors: Lee Youngki , Ha Jeageun , Choi Jaehoon 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this article, an innovative indoor repeater antenna with high isolation is proposed. The necessary impedance bandwidth is obtained using the coupling between the main and parasitic patches. A high isolation between transmitting and receiving antennas is achieved using metamaterial. The fabricated indoor repeater antenna has a VSWR less than 1.5, a gain higher than 9.6 dBi, and an isolation between the transmitting and receiving antennas greater than 80 dB over the WiBro band from 2.3 to 2.5 GHz. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:755–761, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26651
Planar dual‐band dipole array for long‐term evolution/worldwide interoperability for microwave access points
Authors: Lu Jui‐Han , Liu Yen‐Hung 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis article proposes a novel planar dipole array antenna with dual‐band operation for long‐term evolution (LTE)/worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) communication systems. This array antenna is comprised of four dipole antennas to obtain high gain with the array antenna size of only 32 × 246 mm2. The impedance bandwidths, determined from VSWR ≤ 2.0, can reach about 555/765 MHz (21.3/21.9%) for the 2.6/3.5 GHz operating bands, respectively, which is covering the required bandwidth for LTE (2.5–2.7 GHz) and WiMAX (3.3–3.7 GHz) system. This proposed dual‐band dipole array also provides maximum peak antenna gains and efficiencies of 6.9/6.5 dBi and 85/79% across 2.6/3.5 GHz bands, respectively, with good omnidirectional radiation pattern in XY‐plane. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:811–815, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26660
New UWB antenna design for wireless communications
Authors: Bithikh M. , Aksas R. , Kimouche H. , Azrar A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe presented work in this article concerns a new ultra‐wideband antenna design with an octagonal configuration and reduced dimensions. Different prototypes have been simulated and implemented in the form of monopoles. These prototypes have shown an admissible agreement between simulations and measurements and ultra‐wide bands running from 3.1 to 14 GHz for wireless applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:692–697, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26666
Efficient Stage-Specific Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Toward Retinal Photoreceptor Cells
Authors: Mellough Carla B. , Sernagor Evelyne , Moreno-Gimeno Inmaculada , Steel David H.W. , Lako Majlinda 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Recent successes in the stem cell field have identified some of the key chemical and biological cues which drive photoreceptor derivation from human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC); however, the efficiency of this process is variable. We have designed a three-step photoreceptor differentiation protocol combining previously published methods that direct the differentiation of hESC and hiPSC toward a retinal lineage, which we further modified with additional supplements selected on the basis of reports from the eye field and retinal development. We report that hESC and hiPSC differentiating under our regimen over a 60 day period sequentially acquire markers associated with neural, retinal field, retinal pigmented epithelium and photoreceptor cells, including mature photoreceptor markers OPN1SW and RHODOPSIN with a higher efficiency than previously reported. In addition, we report the ability of hESC and hiPSC cultures to generate neural and retinal phenotypes under minimal culture conditions, which may be linked to their ability to endogenously upregulate the expression of a range of factors important for retinal cell type specification. However, cultures that were differentiated with full supplementation under our photoreceptor-induction regimen achieve this within a significantly shorter time frame and show a substantial increase in the expression of photoreceptor-specific markers in comparison to cultures differentiated under minimal conditions. Interestingly, cultures supplemented only with B27 and/or N2 displayed comparable differentiation efficiency to those under full supplementation, indicating a key role for B27 and N2 during the differentiation process. Furthermore, our data highlight an important role for Dkk1 and Noggin in enhancing the differentiation of hESC and hiPSC toward retinal progenitor cells and photoreceptor precursors during the early stages of differentiation, while suggesting that further maturation of these cells into photoreceptors may not require additional factors and can ensue under minimal culture conditions.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
An Oxalate‐Bridged Copper(II) Dimer and a Mononuclear ­Cobalt(III) Azide Complex Containing N‐Nitrile‐Functionalized 1, 4, 7‐Triazacyclononane Terminals: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Magnetic Characterization
Authors: Zhang Zhong , Shao Da‐Lin , Geng Zhi‐Rong , Wang Zhi‐Lin 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe stable dinuclear [Cu(μ‐C2O4)Cu]2+ entity is facially coordinated at each end by a N‐nitrile functionalized triazamacrocycle, 1, 4, 7‐tris(cyanomethyl)‐1, 4, 7‐triazacyclononane (L), to generate a centrosymmetric compound [Cu2L2(μ‐C2O4)](ClO4)2·4DMF (1) containing a bis‐bidentate oxalate bridge. The variable‐temperature magnetic measurement for the crystallographically characterized compound exhibits quite strong antiferromagnetic coupling interaction between two oxalate‐linked CuII atoms separated by 5.149 Å with a singlet‐triplet energy gap of –345.5 cm–1. On the other hand, a mononuclear CoIII compound [CoL(N3)3]·2.5H2O (2) with monodentate azide terminal groups was synthesized. Structural elucidation by X‐ray diffraction shows that the compound has crystallographically imposed C3 symmetry. Enantiomerically pure crystals were obtained upon crystallization indicated by a Flack parameter of 0.04(5).
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Direct‐to‐Consumer Genetic Tests Awareness in HINTS 2007: Sociodemographic and Numeracy Correlates
Authors: Langford Aisha T. , Resnicow Ken , Roberts J. Scott , Zikmund‐Fisher Brian J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractTo examine the association of 1) race/ethnicity and 2) numeracy with awareness of DTC genetic tests. Secondary analysis of 6,754 Hispanic, black, and white adult respondents to the National Cancer Institute's 2007 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS). Logistic regression was used to examine sociodemographic predictors of DTC genetic tests awareness including race/ethnicity, income, education, and gender. Next, two numeracy variables were added to the model. After controlling for sociodemographic variables, black respondents were significantly less likely to have heard of DTC genetic tests compared to white respondents (OR = 0.79; CI: 0.65–0.97). When numeracy variables were added to the model, the effect of black race was no longer significant (OR = 0.84; CI: 0.69–1.04). Hispanic respondents did not significantly differ from white respondents in awareness of DTC genetic tests. Other significant correlates of DTC genetic tests awareness in the full model included education, income, age, and numeracy variables including degree to which people use medical statistics and numbers to make health decisions, and preference for words or numbers when discussing “the chance of something happening.” Although black respondents were generally less aware of DTC genetic tests than white respondents, this relationship appears to be partially mediated by numeracy.
Phylogenetic analyses and redescription of Tegula ignota (Mollusca: Vetigastropoda)
Authors: Collado Gonzalo A. , Méndez Marco A. , Brown Donald I. , Pérez-Schultheiss Jorge 
Published: January 2012

The original description of Tegula ignota was based on three shells found on the coast of Totoralillo Sur, northern Chile. Until now, there are no reports of living specimens of the species. The present study redescribes this snail based on shell, radula, epipodium and mantle characteristics observed in living specimens collected from the subtidal zone of La Boca, central Chile. Additionally, we extend the distribution of T. ignota more than 700 km to the south-eastern Pacific with additional material. Molecular analyses based on the 16S ribosomal DNA mitochondrial gene show that T. ignota is most closely related to Tegula atra than other Chilean species of Tegula. Voucher specimens of T. ignota were deposited in the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Chile.
Could Captain Scott have been saved? Revisiting Scott's last expedition
Authors: May Karen 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTCaptain Scott has been criticised for indecisiveness and for not making use of the dog teams for his own relief in his Terra Nova Expedition (1910–1913). This essay will demonstrate how a mistake made in Roland Huntford's double biography of Scott and Amundsen in 1979, repeated in polar writing by various authors until the present day, has maligned Scott's reputation. In fact, Scott left appropriate written orders in October 1911 for the polar party's relief by the dog teams, orders that were not subsequently implemented by the men at base. A re-examination of the actions and roles of two expedition members in particular, Lieutenant E.R.G.R. Evans and Surgeon Edward Atkinson, suggests strongly that misjudgements back at Cape Evans led to the failure of the mission to rescue Scott and his polar party. In this account all distances are in geographical miles.
Magnetic phase diagram of non-magnetic few-electron quantum dot molecules
Authors: Ribeiro-Santos D , Qu Fanyao , Lopez-Richard V , Marques G E 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
A pathway to design non-magnetic artificial molecules which display controllable magnetic properties is addressed theoretically by studying the effects of in-plane electrical field, spin–orbit interaction (SOI) and geometrical parameters on the magnetic phase transitions in few-electron lateral double quantum dots (DQDs). We demonstrate the tunability of the magnetic phase diagram of two-electron DQDs as the system is changed from a molecule to an atom, in both weak and strong SOI regimes. We find an unusual jump in the magnetization and an asymmetric peak of the magnetic susceptibility. In addition, both the asymmetric susceptibility peak position and the magnetic phase diagram are strongly dependent on the interdot tunnel coupling, which can be tuned effectively by changing repulsive barrier voltage and/or interdot distance, the number of electrons and the SOI strength. With increasing interdot tunnel-coupling strength, for instance, the rate of paramagnetic-to-diamagnetic phase area increases. The SOI makes the paramagnetic phase more stable under magnetic field. Moreover, the effects of geometry deviation on the electronic structure and magnetic property of the DQD are also discussed.
1 A Brief Economic History of Beer
Authors: Poelmans Eline , Swinnen Johan F. M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis chapter presents a brief economy history of the evolution of beer production and consumption and the industrial organization of breweries. It discusses first the discovery and use of beer in ancient history, and the functioning of monasteries as centres of the beer economy in the early Middle Ages. It then presents an analysis of the innovation and taxation in brewing in the Middle Ages which triggered the decline of monasteries and growth of commercial breweries in Early Modern Times. It analyzes the globalization and new competition for beer in the Early Modern Times, as well as the scientific discoveries and the development of modern brewing in the 18th and 19th centuries. Finally, the growth and decline of different types of beer and the consolidation and globalization of breweries in the last two centuries are discussed.
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Dynamics and Employment Transitions: The Role of Employment Instability
Authors: Mabli James , Ohls James C. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractEmployment transitions have been shown to be an important predictor of the decision to either enter or exit the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). However, little is known about how the associations between losing a job and entering the program, or between obtaining a job and leaving the program differ by individuals' more long‐term employment experiences. This article uses a sample from the Survey of Income and Program Participation, collected from 2001 to 2003, to examine how long‐term instability in employment affects the association between employment transitions and the decision to enter and exit SNAP. Empirical models of program entry and exit are estimated for a full sample and for family subgroups of particular interest to program policy‐makers. Our results provide evidence that employment changes are more strongly associated with program entry and exit for individuals who are less accustomed to experiencing fluctuations in employment than those who are more accustomed to experiencing these fluctuations.
Characterizing variation in Northwest Atlantic fish-stock abundance
Authors: Rothschild Brian J. , Jiao Yue 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Rothschild, B. J., and Jiao, Y. 2012. Characterizing variation in Northwest Atlantic fish-stock abundance. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 913–922. Catch-per-tow indices obtained by research vessels for the years 1963–2009 from NAFO statistical areas 4W, 4X, 5Y, and 5Z were studied to determine how fish “apparent abundance” in the decade 2000–2009 differed from the long-term time-series. Cluster analysis of normalized catch-per-tow data indicated that the abundance and species composition of stocks in each statistical area changed dramatically over the 50-year period. There were decreases in thorny skate, ocean pout, cusk, witch flounder, and monkfish and increases in herring, haddock, northern shrimp, and spiny dogfish. Cluster analysis suggested that these decreases and increases were not gradual, but abrupt, and that these abrupt decreases and increases were concentrated in the decade of the 1980s. Observations of abrupt change were supported by regression-tree analysis of individual stocks. Examination of the interrelationship among abundance indices from different stocks by Bonferroni-adjusted correlation coefficients showed that the abundance trajectories of most stocks were uncorrelated. It appears that the set of population transitions during the decade of the 1980s was a dominant event in the statistical time-series.
Neuro‐invasion by a ‘Trojan Horse’ strategy and vasculopathy during intrauterine flavivirus infection
Authors: Bielefeldt‐Ohmann Helle , Smirnova Natalia P. , Tolnay Airn‐Elizabeth , Webb Brett T. , Antoniazzi Alfredo Q. , van Campen Hana , Hansen Thomas R. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryThe central nervous system (CNS) is a major target of several important human and animal viral pathogens causing congenital infections. However, despite the importance of neuropathological outcomes, for humans in particular, the pathogenesis, including mode of neuro‐invasion, remains unresolved for most congenital virus infections. Using a natural model of congenital infection with an RNA virus, bovine viral diarrhoea virus in pregnant cattle, we sought to delineate the timing and mode of virus neuro‐invasion of and spread within the brain of foetuses following experimental respiratory tract infection of the dams at day 75 of pregnancy, a time of maximal risk of tissue pathology without foetal death. Virus antigen was first detected in the foetal brains 14 days postinfection of dams and was initially restricted to amoeboid microglial cells in the periventricular germinal layer. The appearance of these cells was preceded by or concurrent with vasculopathy in the same region. While the affected microvessels were negative for virus antigen, they expressed high levels of the type I interferon‐stimulated protein ISG15 and eventually disappeared in parallel with the appearance of microcavitary lesions. Subsequently, the virus spread to neurons and other glial cells. Our findings suggest that the virus enters the CNS via infected microglial precursors, the amoeboid microglial cells, in a ‘Trojan horse’ mode of invasion and that the microcavitary lesions are associated with loss of periventricular microvasculature, perhaps as a consequence of high, unrestricted induction of interferon‐regulated proteins.