bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parenting a Child with a Functionally Univentricular Heart: Mothers’ Experiences of Role and Identity
Authors: Dandy Shannon , Wittkowski Anja , Murray Craig 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis qualitative study aimed to explore how having a child with a functionally univentricular heart (FUH) affected mothers’ experiences of their parental role and identity. Eight mothers whose children had undergone the Fontan surgical procedure were recruited via social media. Interviews were completed using Microsoft Teams and audio-recorded, then transcribed and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Four themes were identified: (1) being a “heart mum”, (2) managing competing roles: “you have to wear lots of different hats all at the same time”, with subthemes (a) promoting normality vs. protecting the child and (b) mothering vs. nursing roles, (3) loss and regaining of identity and (4) relinquishing control and letting go of caring roles. Parenting children and young people (CYP) with FUH presented significant challenges to mothers’ parental role and identity, which they managed in various ways. There are implications for health services to support mothers with their psychological wellbeing, managing nursing roles and their child’s transition to adulthood.
POMDP inference and robust solution via deep reinforcement learning: an application to railway optimal maintenance
Authors: Arcieri Giacomo , Hoelzl Cyprien , Schwery Oliver , Straub Daniel , Papakonstantinou Konstantinos G. , Chatzi Eleni 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPartially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) can model complex sequential decision-making problems under stochastic and uncertain environments. A main reason hindering their broad adoption in real-world applications is the unavailability of a suitable POMDP model or a simulator thereof. Available solution algorithms, such as Reinforcement Learning (RL), typically benefit from the knowledge of the transition dynamics and the observation generating process, which are often unknown and non-trivial to infer. In this work, we propose a combined framework for inference and robust solution of POMDPs via deep RL. First, all transition and observation model parameters are jointly inferred via Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling of a hidden Markov model, which is conditioned on actions, in order to recover full posterior distributions from the available data. The POMDP with uncertain parameters is then solved via deep RL techniques with the parameter distributions incorporated into the solution via domain randomization, in order to develop solutions that are robust to model uncertainty. As a further contribution, we compare the use of Transformers and long short-term memory networks, which constitute model-free RL solutions and work directly on the observation space, with an approach termed the belief-input method, which works on the belief space by exploiting the learned POMDP model for belief inference. We apply these methods to the real-world problem of optimal maintenance planning for railway assets and compare the results with the current real-life policy. We show that the RL policy learned by the belief-input method is able to outperform the real-life policy by yielding significantly reduced life-cycle costs.
Preparing quantum statistical ensembles using mid-circuit measurements
Authors: Stenger John P. T. , Hellberg C. Stephen , Gunlycke Daniel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe explore the relationship between entropy and quantum measurements and present a variational algorithm for preparing statistical ensembles on quantum computers using mid-circuit measurements. This algorithm optimizes both the entropy and variational parameters describing the state to obtain the minimum free energy of quantum systems in thermal equilibrium with some external heat bath. We demonstrate our algorithm on IBM-Q Lagos.
Getting In: Status Stratification and the Pursuit of the Good College Party
Authors: Mears Ashley , Mooney Heather 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHow do social hierarchies emerge from symbolic boundaries? Based on an ethnography of a college party scene, we consider “Who parties with whom” as a way to trace the micro-interactional bases of status stratification. Based on field observations and 60 interviews with college women and men in Boston, USA, we identify two main modes of partying: “crawling” and “climbing.” Crawling is the search for a low-status house party to attend, often leading to subpar experiences in poorly-maintained frat houses. Climbing, in contrast, describes the aspirational movement into superior parties at elite institutions, an experience potentially marked with feelings of shame. Regardless of their frequently bad experiences, students continue to go out with the goal of “getting in,” which we analyze as an exchange of capitals—bodily, cultural, and social—for access to exclusive spaces. The pursuit of college parties, we discovered, forces students to position themselves in hierarchies of desirability, and through this process, they learn to connect wealth, status, and campus affiliation.
Evaluation of different glycerol fed-batch strategies in a lab-scale bioreactor for the improved production of a novel engineered β-fructofuranosidase enzyme in Pichia pastoris
Authors: Coetzee Gerhardt , García-Aparicio María del Prado , Bosman Catharine Elizabeth , van Rensburg Eugéne , Görgens Johann Ferdinand 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe β-fructofuranosidase enzyme from Aspergillus niger has been extensively used to commercially produce fructooligosaccharides from sucrose. In this study, the native and an engineered version of the β-fructofuranosidase enzyme were expressed in Pichia pastoris under control of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter, and production was evaluated in bioreactors using either dissolved oxygen (DO-stat) or constant feed fed-batch feeding strategies. The DO-stat cultivations produced lower biomass concentrations but this resulted in higher volumetric activity for both strains. The native enzyme produced the highest volumetric enzyme activity for both feeding strategies (20.8% and 13.5% higher than that achieved by the engineered enzyme, for DO-stat and constant feed, respectively). However, the constant feed cultivations produced higher biomass concentrations and higher volumetric productivity for both the native as well as engineered enzymes due to shorter process time requirements (59 h for constant feed and 155 h for DO-stat feed). Despite the DO-stat feeding strategy achieving a higher maximum enzyme activity, the constant feed strategy would be preferred for production of the β-fructofuranosidase enzyme using glycerol due to the many industrial advantages related to its enhanced volumetric enzyme productivity.
Assessment of intracranial aneurysm neck deformation after contour deployment
Authors: Spitz Lena , Korte Jana , Gaidzik Franziska , Larsen Naomi , Preim Bernhard , Saalfeld Sylvia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose:
The contour neurovascular system (CNS) is a novel device to treat intracranial wide-necked bifurcation aneurysms, with few studies assessing its long-term effects. Particularly its impact on aneurysm morphology has not been explored yet. We present a preliminary study to explore this impact for the first time, focusing on the neck curve and ostium of the aneurysm.

Methods:
We investigated seven aneurysms treated with the CNS to assess ostium deformation after CNS deployment by comparing models extracted from in vivo medical pre-treatment and follow-up scans via morphological analysis. Time between pre- and follow-up scans was ten months on average. Size and shape indices like area, neck diameter, ellipticity index, undulation index, and more were assessed.

Results:
Ostium size was reduced after treatment. On average, ostium area was reduced at a rate of $$-$$
-
0.58 (± 4.88) mm2 per year, from 15.52 (± 3.51) mm2 to 13.30 (± 2.27) mm2, and ostium width from 5.01 (± 0.54) mm to 4.49 (± 0.45) mm, with an average reduction of $$-$$
-
0.59 (± 0.87) mm. This shrinking positively correlated with time passing. Shape deformation was low, though notably mean ellipticity index was reduced by 0.06 (± 0.15) on average, indicating ostia were less elongated after treatment.

Conclusion:
We interpret the shrinking of the ostium as part of the healing process. Shape changes were found to be small enough to conclude no shape deformation of the ostium from CNS deployment, but the analysis of more cases with more parameters and information is necessary.
Market or Community? An Institutional Logics Interpretation of how MNE Subsidiaries Respond to Mandated Social Innovation in India
Authors: Chu Irene , Sewak Mayank , Trivedi Rohit 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDespite growing concern in the social innovation (SI) literature about the tackling of grand challenges, our understanding of the role of multinational enterprises (MNEs) remains in its infancy. This article examines foreign MNE subsidiaries’ SI investments focusing on United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs) in host countries. Using financial data from large, listed subsidiaries of foreign MNEs operating in India, along with hand-collected data from firms’ disclosures of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activity for five years starting in 2015, we utilise the externalities framework propounded by Montiel et al. (2021). This neatly translates the 17 UNSDGS into actionable goals to examine the efforts of foreign MNE subsidiaries in increasing positive externalities as opposed to reducing negative externalities via SI-related investment in host countries. The study also evaluates the effects of the local embeddedness of the foreign MNE subsidiaries on SI investment. We find that MNE subsidiaries tend to favour increasing positive externalities as compared to reducing negative externalities through their SI investments. Also, older subsidiaries tend to prioritize greater investments in SI projects related to reducing negative externalities and subsidiaries with higher MNE ownership tend to reduce investments in SI projects related to increasing positive externalities. We discuss possible interpretations of the exploratory results using the institutional logics perspective and conclude with implications for policy and future research.
The Immune System Is a Complex System: Inflammatory Morbidity and Systemic Racism
Authors: Goosby Bridget J. , Cheadle Jacob E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between social inequity and the immune system, emphasizing some of the many ways that systemic racism and other forms of marginalization can undermine health. Of much sociological concern, chronic stressors increase inflammation and consequent susceptibility to health morbidities and, ultimately, mortality by burdening marginalized group members in ways that adversely affect immune regulation and functioning. As with social systems more generally, the immune system is a cross-scale complex system of many regulating, coordinating, and interacting parts, within both itself and the other bodily systems it protects. Along these lines, we thus propose that to properly conceptualize how social conditions undermine immune functioning and health, it is important to consider the immune system beyond its component mechanisms and parts. This view is akin to the way critical race theory proposes that “systemic racism” in the United States is a collaborative arrangement of social structures whose explanatory richness and historical durability can only be fully understood as a gestalt. We therefore seek, where possible, to emphasize the systems nature of the immune system similarly to the sociological insight that society comprises complex systems whose interrelated structures interact in dynamic and sometimes unpredictable ways. We scaffold this discussion within the literature on systemic racism in the United States, emphasizing inflammation as a key marker of immune demand and dysregulation and highlighting some implications for health inequities among marginalized populations more generally.
Toward A Higher Resilience Against Cyberattacks
Authors: Brehmer Martin , Steinherr Vanessa , Stöckl Raphaela 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungEffective information security awareness programs are crucial for building resilience against cyberattacks,
and they are thus, a major part of an organization’s security investments. However, studies reveal that
they are often ineffective and perceived to be burdensome. Thus, we share insights from two new approaches
that are effective in both, building information security awareness and motivating participants to engage
with information security learning content profoundly.
Wie viel Open Data kann es geben?
Authors: März Elena , Guggumos Johann , Wilhelm Sebastian 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungIn Zeiten wachsender Datenmengen und eines zunehmenden Interesses an Open Data steht die Frage im
Raum: “Wie viel Offenheit ist möglich?” Zentrale Zielsetzung jeder Veröffentlichung
von Daten als Open Data ist deren Anonymität. Nur dann liegen die Daten außerhalb des Geltungsbereichs
der Datenschutz-Grundverordnung. Die steigende Verfügbarkeit von personenbezogenen Zusatzinformationen
aus öffentlichen Quellen wie sozialen Medien erschweren allerdings die Anonymisierung, weil mit zunehmender
Datenmenge auch die Möglichkeiten einer Verknüpfung von Daten (Data Linkage) zunehmen und damit
auch das Risiko einer möglichen Re-Identifizierung steigt. Die Veröffentlichung von anonymisierten
Daten erfordert daher aufgrund des unumkehrbaren Charakters eine umfassende Analyse der Re-Identifizierungsrisiken.
Uncovering the Potential for the Sustainable Commercialization of Non-Timber Forest Products: Palm Fruits in Pando, Bolivia
Authors: Arancibia Alfaro Andrea V. , Schunko Christoph , Callo-Concha Daniel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPalm fruits are important non-timber forest products for rural people's livelihoods in the Amazon region, as many are nutritious foods and have the potential to generate income. However, in Pando, Bolivia, their commercialization is in most cases still underdeveloped. This study aimed to assess the potential of four palm fruits for sustainable commercialization and to identify their related promoting and hindering conditions. The palm fruits studied were açaí (Euterpe precatoria Mart), majo (Oenocarpus bataua Mart), motacu (Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng) and palma real (Mauritia flexuosa L.f.). We gathered data from 14 key informants using semi-structured online interviews, 10 community members using structured interviews, and literature. We analyzed the data with qualitative content analysis and a multi-criteria decision-making method. Açaí has the highest potential due to its high abundance, demand, and specialized institutional support, among others. Majo, with a medium potential, benefited from its similarities with açaí regarding harvesting and processing, but still has technical processing deficiencies. Palma real and motacu had low potential because of low demand and lack of knowledge regarding harvesting and processing. This study demonstrates the importance of considering multidisciplinary factors when assessing sustainable commercialization potentials.
Emerging Pro-neurogenic Therapeutic Strategies for Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Review of Pre-clinical and Clinical Research
Authors: Vassal Mariana , Martins Filipa , Monteiro Bruno , Tambaro Simone , Martinez-Murillo Ricardo , Rebelo Sandra 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe neuroscience community has largely accepted the notion that functional neurons can be generated from neural stem cells in the adult brain, especially in two brain regions: the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. However, impaired neurogenesis has been observed in some neurodegenerative diseases, particularly in Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases, and also in Lewy Body dementia. Therefore, restoration of neurogenic function in neurodegenerative diseases emerges as a potential therapeutic strategy to counteract, or at least delay, disease progression. Considering this, the present study summarizes the different neuronal niches, provides a collection of the therapeutic potential of different pro-neurogenic strategies in pre-clinical and clinical research, providing details about their possible modes of action, to guide future research and clinical practice.
Validation of the moral foundations questionnaire-2 in the Turkish context: exploring its relationship with moral behavior
Authors: Dogruyol Burak , Velioglu İlayda , Bayrak Fatih , Acem Ensar , Isler Ozan , Yilmaz Onurcan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDespite the considerable attention it has received, Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) remains open to criticisms regarding failure to conceptualize the moral domain. MFT was revised in response to these criticisms, along with its measurement tool, the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ-2). However, the validity of this revised theoretical structure and its explanatory power relative to existing alternatives, such as Morality as Cooperation Theory (MAC), has not yet been independently tested. Here we first validated MFT’s revised six-factor structure using the MFQ-2 in a large quasi-representative sample (N = 1099) from a predominantly Muslim country (i.e., Türkiye) and then explored the relationship of these six factors with incentivized measures of moral behavior as well as different psychological variables. Our tests revealed excellent fit values for the six-factor structure proposed by the MFQ-2, which explained more of the variance in criterion variables compared to the MAC Questionnaire (MAC-Q). However, MAC-Q performed better in predicting actual moral behavior (e.g., generosity and cooperation) compared with MFQ-2. Taken together, these findings indicate that, at least for the time being, MFQ-2 and the structure of the moral foundations proposed by MFT can be used to conceptualize the moral domain, but its relatively weak relationship to actual moral behavior limits its insights.
A Sharp Estimate for the Genus of Embedded Surfaces in the 3-Sphere
Authors: Kwong Kwok-Kun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBy refining the volume estimate of Heintze and Karcher [11], we obtain a sharp pinching estimate for the genus of a surface in $$\mathbb S^{3}$$

S
3

, which involves an integral of the norm of its traceless second fundamental form. More specifically, we show that if g is the genus of a closed orientable surface $$\Sigma $$
Σ
in a 3-dimensional orientable Riemannian manifold M whose sectional curvature is bounded below by 1, then $$4 \pi ^{2} g(\Sigma ) \le 2\left( 2 \pi ^{2}-|M|\right) +\int _{\Sigma } f(|{\mathop {A}\limits ^{\circ }}|)$$

4

π
2

g

(
Σ
)

≤
2

2

π
2

-

|
M
|

+

∫
Σ

f
(
|

A
∘

|
)

, where $$ {\mathop {A}\limits ^{\circ }} $$

A
∘

is the traceless second fundamental form and f is an explicit function. As a result, the space of closed orientable embedded minimal surfaces $$\Sigma $$
Σ
with uniformly bounded $$\Vert A\Vert _{L^3(\Sigma )}$$

‖
A
‖

L
3

(
Σ
)

is compact in the $$C^k$$

C
k

topology for any $$k\ge 2$$

k
≥
2

.
Urbanization of a Subtropical Island (Okinawa, Japan) Alters Physicochemical Characteristics and Disrupts Microbial Community Dynamics in Nearshore Ecosystems
Authors: Mars Brisbin Margaret , Dudley Kenneth L. , Yonashiro Yoshitaka , Mitarai Satoshi , Ares Angela 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSubtropical and tropical islands are undergoing rapid urbanization as the human population expands globally. Urbanization disrupts coastal ecosystems through several pathways—including the replacement of natural habitats with concrete structures that increase runoff pollution—but it remains difficult to isolate and characterize specific impacts of urbanization on marine ecosystems. The historical gradient in urbanization on the subtropical island of Okinawa, Japan, sets up a natural laboratory to study urbanization effects on nearshore ecosystems. Physicochemical parameters and bacterial community composition were assessed every 2 weeks for 1 year at two nearshore sites adjacent to watersheds with > 70% urban land use and two nearshore sites adjacent to watersheds with > 70% rural land use. Urbanization increased freshwater input and nutrient loading—indicated by decreased salinity and elevated nitrate + nitrite, ammonium, and phosphate at urban sites—despite the urban sites being more open to flushing due to land reclamation projects filling in the coral lagoon. Urbanization significantly altered microbial community composition by increasing diversity through the addition of fecal indicator and pathogenic bacteria—eight orders of bacteria were only detected in urban samples, whereas only Verrucomicrobiales was unique to rural samples. The change in microbial community composition at urban sites persisted throughout the seasonal cycle, suggesting a regime change or sustained disturbance. The altered physicochemical conditions and microbial communities at urban sites could degrade nearby coral reefs and their ecosystem services, highlighting the importance of coastal land management in marine conservation efforts.
Smart Data Driven Decision Trees Ensemble Methodology for Imbalanced Big Data
Authors: García-Gil Diego , García Salvador , Xiong Ning , Herrera Francisco 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDifferences in data size per class, also known as imbalanced data distribution, have become a common problem affecting data quality. Big Data scenarios pose a new challenge to traditional imbalanced classification algorithms, since they are not prepared to work with such amount of data. Split data strategies and lack of data in the minority class due to the use of MapReduce paradigm have posed new challenges for tackling the imbalance between classes in Big Data scenarios. Ensembles have been shown to be able to successfully address imbalanced data problems. Smart Data refers to data of enough quality to achieve high-performance models. The combination of ensembles and Smart Data, achieved through Big Data preprocessing, should be a great synergy. In this paper, we propose a novel Smart Data driven Decision Trees Ensemble methodology for addressing the imbalanced classification problem in Big Data domains, namely SD_DeTE methodology. This methodology is based on the learning of different decision trees using distributed quality data for the ensemble process. This quality data is achieved by fusing random discretization, principal components analysis, and clustering-based random oversampling for obtaining different Smart Data versions of the original data. Experiments carried out in 21 binary adapted datasets have shown that our methodology outperforms random forest.
Großschadensereignisse und Katastrophen
Authors: Treptow Rainer 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungBei Großschadensereignissen und Katastrophen sind für Bevölkerungsschutz, Katastrophenhilfe und humanitäre Hilfe die Zuständigkeiten einigermaßen deutlich, doch wie sieht es für unterschiedliche Felder der Bildung und der Sozialen Arbeit aus? Spielen sie im Gefüge der „Sicherheitsarchitektur“ und der Steuerungslogiken von Innen- und Außenpolitik eine Rolle, und wenn ja, welche Erwartungen werden an sie gerichtet? Im Folgenden werden Einblicke in die bundesdeutsche und internationale Forschung gegeben, Fragen an erziehungswissenschaftliche und sozialpädagogische Diskurse zur Katastrophenpädagogik, schließlich an die Störanfälligkeit psychosozialer Dienste unter Extrembelastungen gestellt. Dabei bildet die jüngere Entwicklung von Vielfachkrisen aus Kriegen und sozialökologischen Gefährdungen den Hintergrund. Abschließend folgt eine Skizze zu räumlichen, zeitlichen und sozialen Dimensionen des Wissens- und Kompetenzbedarfs.