bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre‐ and post‐fault operation of symmetrical six‐phase electric‐drive‐reconstructed onboard charger based on subspace current injection
Authors: Liu Aihua , Yu Feng , Cheng Xunhui 
Published: June 2024

SummaryThe proposal of the electric‐drive‐reconstructed onboard charger (EDROC) provides a new idea for the research of electric vehicles (EVs), which utilizes the existing electric‐drive components and shows broad commercial prospects. In this paper, pre‐ and post‐fault operations of the EDROC incorporating a symmetrical six‐phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (SSPMSM) are studied. Firstly, by employing the vector space decomposition (VSD) technique, the decoupled subspaces currents of the motor under healthy and fault conditions are solved. And their trajectories associated with torque generation are depicted, which reveals there are pulsating and rotating magnetic fields in the event of one open‐phase fault (One‐OPF) and two open‐phase fault (Two‐OPF), respectively. To eliminate the unwished magnetic fields, a subspace current injection method is proposed, which can solve the fault‐tolerant current online by constructing the Lagrange function under the constraint of the minimum copper loss. Finally, the feasibility and reliability of the proposed fault‐tolerant scheme is verified by experiment.
Contributions of dysfunctional plasticity mechanisms to the development of atypical perceptual processing
Authors: Moppert Stacy , Mercado Eduardo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractExperimental studies of sensory plasticity during development in birds and mammals have highlighted the importance of sensory experiences for the construction and refinement of functional neural circuits. We discuss how dysregulation of experience‐dependent brain plasticity can lead to abnormal perceptual representations that may contribute to heterogeneous deficits symptomatic of several neurodevelopmental disorders. We focus on alterations of somatosensory processing and the dynamic reorganization of cortical synaptic networks that occurs during early perceptual development. We also discuss the idea that the heterogeneity of strengths and weaknesses observed in children with neurodevelopmental disorders may be a direct consequence of altered plasticity mechanisms during early development. Treating the heterogeneity of perceptual developmental trajectories as a phenomenon worthy of study rather than as an experimental confound that should be overcome may be key to developing interventions that better account for the complex developmental trajectories experienced by modern humans.
Prevalence and factors associated with thyroid autoimmunity among children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Evidence from Kuwait
Authors: Al‐Abdulrazzaq Dalia , Albatineh Ahmed Najeeb , Khalifa Doaa , Alrefae Anwaar , Al‐Awadhi Ebaa , Alkandari Abdullah , Alhomaidah Doha , Cunningham Solveig Argeseanu , Al‐Kandari Hessa 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimsThis study reports the prevalence and characteristics related to the development of thyroid autoimmunity among children newly diagnosed with type I diabetes (T1D) during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Kuwait.Materials and MethodsThis is a prospective observational study of all children under age 14 years newly diagnosed with T1D in Kuwait. We define the duration of the COVID‐19 pandemic from the official declaration of the first identified positive COVID‐19 case on 24 February 2020 until 31 December 2022. For comparison, we use the time period directly before the COVID‐19 pandemic, 1 January 2017 to 23 February 2020.ResultsOne thousand twenty‐four (1024) children newly diagnosed with T1D in Kuwait during the study period were included. Among newly diagnosed children, 20.3% tested positive for thyroid antibodies during the COVID‐19 pandemic, compared with 14.5% during the pre‐pandemic period (p = 0.015). Children with positive COVID‐19 status were more likely to present with thyroid antibodies (p = 0.035). After adjusting for other characteristics, patients diagnosed with T1D during the COVID‐19 pandemic had double the odds of testing positive for thyroid antibodies (Adjusted odds ratio = 2.173, 95%CI: 1.108, 4.261, p = 0.024).ConclusionsIncident cases of T1D during the COVID‐19 pandemic may be different in aetiology or contextual factors leading to a higher risk of thyroid autoimmunity. Longitudinal studies are needed to understand the role of COVID‐19 in the onset and progression of T1D and on thyroid autoimmunity and disease.
Navigating uncertainty in maximum body size in marine metazoans
Authors: McClain Craig R. , Webb Thomas J. , Heim Noel A. , Knope Matthew L. , Monarrez Pedro M. , Payne Jonathan L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBody size is a fundamental biological trait shaping ecological interactions, evolutionary processes, and our understanding of the structure and dynamics of marine communities on a global scale. Accurately defining a species' body size, despite the ease of measurement, poses significant challenges due to varied methodologies, tool usage, and subjectivity among researchers, resulting in multiple, often discrepant size estimates. These discrepancies, stemming from diverse measurement approaches and inherent variability, could substantially impact the reliability and precision of ecological and evolutionary studies reliant on body size data across extensive species datasets. This study examines the variation in reported maximum body sizes across 69,570 individual measurements of maximum size, ranging from <0.2 μm to >45 m, for 27,271 species of marine metazoans. The research aims to investigate how reported maximum size variations within species relate to organism size, taxonomy, habitat, and the presence of skeletal structures. The investigation particularly focuses on understanding why discrepancies in maximum size estimates arise and their potential implications for broader ecological and evolutionary studies relying on body size data. Variation in reported maximum sizes is zero for 38% of species, and low for most species, although it exceeds two orders of magnitude for some species. The likelihood of zero variation in maximum size decreased with more measurements and increased in larger species, though this varied across phyla and habitats. Pelagic organisms consistently had low maximum size range values, while small species with unspecified habitats had the highest variation. Variations in maximum size within a species were notably smaller than interspecific variation at higher taxonomic levels. Significant variation in maximum size estimates exists within marine species, and partially explained by organism size, taxonomic group, and habitat. Variation in maximum size could be reduced by standardized measurement protocols and improved meta‐data. Despite the variation, egregious errors in published maximum size measurements are rare, and their impact on comparative macroecological and macroevolutionary research is likely minimal.
Effects of inserting ultrashort carbon nanotubes into lipid bilayers on membrane morphology
Authors: Kanno Shoichiro , Peng Zugui , Shimba Kenta , Miyamoto Yoshitaka , Yagi Tohru 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSingle‐walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are carbon materials with unique thermal, optical, mechanical, and electrical properties, with hollow cylindrical structures of a few nanometers in diameter. CNTs cut to about 10 nm (Ultrashort CNTs, US‐CNTs) can spontaneously insert into lipid bilayers. Therefore, applications have been proposed to combine CNTs with lipid bilayers to give the membranes the properties of CNTs. However, CNTs interact with membranes to induce morphological changes in the membranes, which may hinder these applications. In this study, to investigate the effects, US‐CNTs are exposed to lipid bilayer vesicles (giant unilamellar vesicles, GUVs), which are used as a model for cell membranes, and the changes in membrane morphology with each US‐CNT concentration were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. As a result, GUVs show morphological changes upon exposure to US‐CNTs, eventually transforming into a multiple vesicle‐linked shape. This result suggests an increase in the area and asymmetry of the GUV membrane. Based on these results, we have proposed a hypothesis regarding the mechanism of morphological changes induced in the GUV membranes by US‐CNTs exposure.
Synthesis of Chromene Derivatives from α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes: A Review
Authors: Vchislo Nadezhda V. , Verochkina Ekaterina A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractChromene derivatives are important oxygen heterocycles, which are met in numerous natural products, pharmaceuticals, and organic functional materials. This review survey the achievements in the synthesis of chromene derivatives from α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes. Particular attention is paid to the use of catalytic systems, synthetic advantages and mechanistic aspects of the reactions. The works published over the past 15 years are covered.
Causal effects of sedentary behaviours on the risk of migraine: A univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Li Peihong , Li Jiaxin , Zhu Haoyue , Sheng Dandan , Xiao Zheng , Liu Weiping , Xiao Bo , Zhou Luo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundMigraine is a common and burdensome neurological disorder. The causal relationship between sedentary behaviours (SBs) and migraine remains instinct. We aimed to evaluate the roles of SBs including watching TV, using computer and driving in the risk of migraine.MethodsWe conducted a univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) study based on summary datasets of large genome‐wide association studies. The inverse variance weighted method was utilized as the primary analytical tool. Cochran's Q, MR‐Egger intercept test, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier and leave‐one‐out were conducted as sensitivity analysis. Additionally, we performed a meta‐analysis to combine the causal estimates.ResultsIn the discovery analysis, we identified causal associations between time spent watching TV and an increased risk of migraine (p = 0.015) and migraine without aura (MO) (p = 0.002). Such causalities with increasing risk of migraine (p = 0.005), and MO (p = 0.006) were further verified using summary datasets from another study in the replication analysis. There was no significant causal association found between time spent using computer, driving and migraine or its two subtypes. The meta‐analysis and multivariable MR analysis also strongly supported the causal relationships between time spent watching TV and an increased risk of migraine (p = 0.0003 and p = 0.034), as well as MO (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0004), respectively. These findings were robust under all sensitivity analysis.ConclusionsOur study suggested that time spent watching TV may be causally associated with an increased risk of migraine, particularly MO. Large‐scale and well‐designed cohort studies may be warranted for further validation.Significance StatementThis study represents the first attempt to investigate whether a causal relationship exists between SBs and migraine. Utilizing MR analysis helps mitigate reverse causation bias and confounding factors commonly encountered in observational cohorts, thereby enhancing the robustness of derived causal associations. Our MR analysis revealed that time spent watching TV may serve as a potential risk factor for migraine, particularly MO.
Prescribing pattern insights from a longitudinal study of older adult inpatients with polypharmacy and chronic non‐cancer pain
Authors: Goetschi Aljoscha N. , Verloo Henk , Wernli Boris , Wertli Maria M. , Meyer‐Massetti Carla 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe present study sought to determine the prevalence of chronic non‐cancer pain (CNCP) among older adult inpatients with polypharmacy. It also aimed to analyse prescription patterns and assess the therapy adequacy and patient complexity for those with and without CNCP.MethodsThis 4‐year longitudinal study examined data from an exhaustive acute care hospital register on home‐dwelling older adult patients (≥65) with polypharmacy. Commonly known combinations of potentially inappropriate medications were used to estimate therapy adequacy. Patient complexity was evaluated by comparing number of comorbidities and investigating physical and cognitive deficits.ResultsWe determined a prevalence of CNCP of 9.7% among all older adult inpatients with polypharmacy, rising to 11.3% for those aged ≥85. Overall, CNCP patients were prescribed more drugs and had more comorbidities and physical and cognitive deficits than patients without CNCP. Older adult patients with CNCP received more analgesics, greater quantities of opioids, paracetamol and co‐analgesics and elevated opioid dosages. Older adult patients with CNCP aged ≥85 received fewer analgesics, opioids, non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and co‐analgesics but more paracetamol. Older adult patients with CNCP were prescribed more potentially inappropriate medications involving opioids. In particular, 24.5% received an opioid and a hypnotic (benzodiazepine or Z‐drug), and 8.6% received an opioid and a gabapentinoid.ConclusionObserved differences in medication use between older adult inpatients with or without CNCP may be relevant for clinical practice. Potentially inadequate co‐prescribing (such as hypnotics and opioids) affects a higher proportion of patients with CNCP and may have serious unintended consequences.Significance StatementThis study describes differences in prescription patterns between people with and without chronic non‐cancer pain in a large dataset of 20,422 discharges. The differences found may be relevant to clinical practice. In particular, high co‐prescribing of opioids and hypnotics may have serious unintended consequences. Greater physical and cognitive deficits may indicate greater patient complexity, and appropriate interventions need to be developed to improve the management of this vulnerable patient group.
Hydrothermal liquefaction of microalga with and without seawater: Effects of reaction temperature on yield and hydrocarbon species distribution in biocrude
Authors: Eboibi B. E. , Eboibi O. , Okan O. L. , Udochukwu E. C. , Uku P. E. , Agarry S. E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA halophytic microalga Tetraselmis sp. biomass diluted with deionized water and seawater was converted to biocrude with the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process in a batch reactor at 310, 330, 350, and 370°C, 15 min with %w/w solids. The biocrude yield, carbon, and energy recovery in biocrude and hydrocarbon species distribution from deionized water base HTL (DW HTL) and seawater base HTL (SW HTL) were evaluated. The results revealed that irrespective of reaction medium, the yield in biocrude increased with an increase in temperature, reaching a maximum of 50–56 wt% at 350°C, characterized by a higher heating value of up to 35.6 MJ/kg. The carbon and energy recovery at 350°C were 85% and 89% respectively, for SW HTL, while the DW HTL stream was 10% and 12% lower. Also, the GC MS analysis of biocrude obtained from both streams contains a complex mixture of compounds such as hydrocarbons, phenolics, and large amounts of nitrogenated and oxygenated compounds. The metallic constituents in biocrudes derived from both steams showed no substantial variations. The study showed a marginal increase in biocrude yield and its HHV with a reduction in oxygen and nitrogen contents from the SW HTL stream, suggesting the potential of seawater as a reaction medium.
Characterization of Springtail (Arrhopalites caecus) for Use in Soil Ecotoxicity Testing
Authors: Martin William J. , Sibley Paul K. , Prosser Ryan S. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Springtails (subclass: Collembola) represent one of the most extensively studied invertebrate groups in soil ecotoxicology. This is because of their ease of laboratory culture, significant ecological role, and sensitivity to environmental contaminants. Folsomia candida (family: Isotomidae) is a globally widespread parthenogenetic species that is prevalent in laboratory toxicity testing with springtails. Conversely, Arrhopalites caecus (family: Arrhopalitidae), a parthenogenic globular springtail species, remains untested in soil ecotoxicology. This species is found in diverse habitats, including cave systems and forest leaf litter, and has a global distribution. The sensitivity of A. caecus to environmental contaminants, such as neonicotinoid insecticides, as well as its life history and optimal culturing conditions, are largely unknown. The present study describes the establishment of a pure A. caecus laboratory culture and characterization of its life cycle and culturing conditions. We assessed the sensitivity of A. caecus to various insecticides, including exposures to the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam in soil and through a novel feeding assay as well as to clothianidin and cyantraniliprole in spiked soil exposures. In 7- and 14-day exposures to thiamethoxam in agricultural soil, the 50% lethal concentration (LC50) values were determined to be 0.129 mg/kg dry weight and 0.010 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. The 14-day LC50 for exposure to thiamethoxam via spiked food was determined to be 0.307 mg/kg dry weight. In addition, the 28-day 50% effect concentration for inhibition of juvenile production from cyantraniliprole exposure in the same soil type was 0.055 mg/kg dry weight. Challenges encountered in using this species included susceptibility to mite infestation and low adult survival rates in the 28-day cyantraniliprole test. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1820–1835. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Understanding the Role of Low-Dose Polystyrene Microplastic in Copper Toxicity to Rice Seed (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Liu Xuesong , Su Hailei , Wang Fanfan , Ma Binni , Tao Yanru , Cao Ke , Shen Yaqin , Zhao Wensi , Wei Yuan , Wu Fengchang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
There is still much to learn with respect to the potential for microplastics (MPs) to interact with environmental toxins and biota. In the present study, we investigated the effect of MPs on the toxicity of copper (Cu) to rice seeds (Oryza sativa L.). The 7-day median effective concentration (EC50) value of MPs on rice seed germination was 864 mg/L (95% confidence interval [CI] 839 to 897 mg/L). We found that MPs slightly reduced Cu toxicity to rice seeds. The 7-day EC50 of Cu on rice seed germination increased from 7.29 mg/L (95% CI 7.10–7.52 mg/L) to 7.93 mg/L (95% CI 7.58–8.08 mg/L) in the presence of 20 mg/L MPs. We examined this toxicity reduction phenomenon by investigating the role of MPs in the process of Cu transport, Cu accumulation, and metabolic responses. Further investigation found that the MPs used in the present study hardly adsorbed Cu, but these MPs accumulated on the coats of rice seeds and significantly reduced Cu accumulation in rice seedlings. When Cu concentration was 10 mg/L, the presence of MPs reduced the accumulation of Cu in rice seedlings by 34%. We also found that, compared with only Cu present, the addition of MPs resulted in lower reactive oxygen species accumulation and higher catalase activity and glutathione levels in rice seedlings, which also contributed to Cu toxicity reduction. Collectively, the present study shows that polystyrene MPs have the potential to form associations with plant structures which can ultimately impact heavy metal bioaccessibility and therefore toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1870–1879. © 2024 SETAC
A chaos theory view of accidental dwelling fire injuries
Authors: Taylor M. , Francis H. , Fielding J. , Jarman I. , Etchells T. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this article, we examine a chaos theory view of accidental dwelling fire injuries using data from a UK fire and rescue service over a 10‐year period. Although chaos theory could not predict if or when a fire injury will occur for a given individual, chaos theory provided further information above and beyond the typical statistical analyses undertaken by fire and rescue services in terms of identifying pattern repetitions, interconnectedness of circumstances and sensitivity to initial conditions relating to the circumstances of accidental dwelling fire injuries. Householder behaviours such as attempting to tackle the fire or being under the influence of alcohol or drugs were the most prevalent circumstances relating to fire injury over the period studied. Proportions of smoke/toxic fumes inhalation injuries and injuries sustained attempting to fight the fire compared to the overall numbers of fire injuries per year showed pattern repetition over the period studied. In terms of interconnectedness, although there were roughly equal numbers of male and female fire injuries overall, the likelihood of an alcohol‐/drug‐related fire injury or a fire injury resulting from attempting to put out a fire was strongly connected with the gender of the householder involved.
Correlation of ADC values of adult brain tumors with the diagnosis and pathological grade: A cross‐sectional multicenter study
Authors: Hassannejad Ehsan , Mohammadifard Mahtab , Payandeh Asma , Bijari Bita , Shoja Ahmad , Abdollahi Mostafa , Mohammadifard Mahyar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and AimBrain tumors are common, requiring physicians to have a precise understanding of them for accurate diagnosis and treatment. Considering that various histological tumor types present different cellularity, we conducted this research to examine the role of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in the differential diagnosis and pathologic grading of brain tumor types.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, we gathered pathology reports of histological samples of adult brain tumors. The tissue sample of brain tumors were examined histologically by a pathologist. The magnetic resonance imaging data of these patients were interpreted by a neuroradiologist. The measured ADC values and ADC ratios were calculated. Standard mean ADC values were expressed as 10−6 mm2/s. The findings were compared according to the histological diagnosis of each tumor.ResultsSixty‐eight patients were included in the study: 34 (50%) were male, and 34 (50%) were female. The average age of the patients was 51.69 + 16.40 years. In the examination of tumor type, 16 (23.5%) were astrocytoma, 9 (13.2%) were oligodendroglioma, 20 (29.4%) were glioblastoma, 4 (5.9%) were medulloblastoma, and 19 (27.9%) were metastatic tumors. the average value of ADC was statistically significantly different according to the pathological type of tumor (p < 0.001). The two‐by‐two comparison of average ADC among tumor types revealed significant differences, except for oligodendroglioma and glioblastoma (p‐value = 0.87) and glioblastoma and medulloblastoma (p‐value = 0.347). The average value of ADC and ADC ratio was statistically significantly different according to the pathological grade of the tumor (p < 0.001). In the two‐by‐two comparison of average ADC between all pathological grades of the tumor showed a significance difference except for Grade I and Grade II (p‐value = 0.355). The mean value of ADC and ADC ratio for glioblastoma and metastatic tumors showed no significant difference.ConclusionThe assessment of brain tumor grade through ADC examination will help to estimate prognosis and devising suitable therapeutic strategies.