bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Irisin Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid Correlate with Biomarkers and Clinical Dementia Scores in Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Dicarlo Manuela , Pignataro Patrizia , Zecca Chiara , Dell'Abate Maria Teresa , Urso Daniele , Gnoni Valentina , Giugno Alessia , Borlizzi Francesco , Zerlotin Roberta , Oranger Angela , Colaianni Graziana , Colucci Silvia , Logroscino Giancarlo , Grano Maria 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveIrisin, released by muscles during exercise, was recently identified as a neuroprotective factor in mouse models of Alzheimer disease (AD). In a cohort of AD patients, we studied cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma irisin levels, sex interactions, and correlations with disease biomarkers.MethodsCorrelations between CSF and plasma irisin levels and AD biomarkers (amyloid β 1‐42, hyperphosphorylated tau, and total tau [t‐tau]) and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes (CDR‐SOB) were analyzed in a cohort of patients with Alzheimer dementia (n = 82), mild cognitive impairment (n = 44), and subjective memory complaint (n = 20) biologically characterized according to the recent amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration classification.ResultsCSF irisin was reduced in Alzheimer dementia patients (p < 0.0001), with lower levels in female patients. Moreover, CSF irisin correlated positively with Aβ42 in both female (r = 0.379, p < 0.001) and male (r = 0.262, p < 0.05) patients, and negatively with CDR‐SOB (r = −0.234, p < 0.05) only in female patients. A negative trend was also observed between CSF irisin and t‐tau levels in all patients (r = −0.144, p = 0.082) and in the female subgroup (r = −0.189, p = 0.084).InterpretationThe results highlight the relationship between irisin and biomarkers of AD pathology, especially in females. Our findings also offer perspectives toward the use of irisin as a marker of the AD continuum. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:61–73
[2.2]Benzoindenophane‐Based Chiral Indenyl Ligands: Design, Synthesis, and Applications in Asymmetric C−H Activation
Authors: Guo Weicong , Jiang Jijun , Wang Jun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDevelopment of chiral indenyl ligands for asymmetric C−H activation is a longstanding challenge, and extremely few successes have been achieved. In this paper, we describe a class of readily accessible, facilely tunable and user‐friendly chiral indenyl ligands featuring a [2.2]benzoindenophane skeleton via a divergent synthesis strategy. The corresponding chiral indenyl rhodium catalysts were successfully applied in the asymmetric C−H activation reaction of O‐Boc hydroxybenzamide with alkenes to give various chiral dihydroisoquinolone products (up to 97 % yield, up to 98 % ee). Moreover, the asymmetric C−H activation reaction of carboxylic acids with alkynes was also successfully accomplished, providing a range of axially chiral isocoumarins (up to 99 % yield, up to 94 % ee). Notably, this represents the first example of enantioselective transition metal catalyzed C(sp2)−H activation/oxidative coupling of benzoic acids with internal alkynes to construct isocoumarins. Given many attractive features of this class of indenyl ligands, such as convenient synthesis, high tunability and exclusive face‐selectivity of coordination, its applications in more catalytic asymmetric C−H activation and in other asymmetric catalysis are foreseen.
Photoinduced Low‐Valent Zirconium Catalysis for Cross‐Electrophile Coupling of Ethers
Authors: Guo Ping , Song Xuedong , Huang Banruo , Zhang Ruixue , Zhao Jie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAccessing versatile C(sp3)−C(sp3) bond through the cross‐electrophile coupling of two distinct etheric C−O bonds is crucial in organic synthesis but remains barely explored. Herein, we report an innovative photoinduced low‐valent zirconocene catalysis enabling the reductive coupling of ethers with high activity and cross‐selectivity. Mechanistic investigation suggests that photoexcitation of low‐valent zirconocene facilitates the C(sp3)−O bond scission of benzylic ethers, leading to the benzylic radicals intermediate via a single‐electron reduction pathway. The subsequent recombination of this benzylic radical with the Zr center followed by carbomagnesiation generates benzylic Grignard reagents for downstream coupling with aliphatic ethers through an SN2‐like mechanism. In application, a wide range of ethers readily in situ derived from aldehydes and ketones becomes feasible with high functional group compatibility as well as excellent cross‐selectivity.
An Organophosphorescence Probe with Ultralong Lifetime and Intrinsic Tissue Selectivity for Specific Tumor Imaging and Guided Tumor Surgery
Authors: Gao Heqi , Zhang Tingting , Lei Yunxiang , Jiao Di , Yu Bo , Yuan Wang Zhang , Ji Jian , Jin Qiao , Ding Dan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOrganic phosphorescent materials are excellent candidates for use in tumor imaging. However, a systematic comparison of the effects of the intensity, lifetime, and wavelength of phosphorescent emissions on bioimaging performance has not yet been undertaken. In addition, there have been few reports on organic phosphorescent materials that specifically distinguish tumors from normal tissues. This study addresses these gaps and reveals that longer lifetimes effectively increase the signal intensity, whereas longer wavelengths enhance the penetration depth. Conversely, a strong emission intensity with a short lifetime does not necessarily yield robust imaging signals. Building upon these findings, an organo‐phosphorescent material with a lifetime of 0.94 s was designed for tumor imaging. Remarkably, the phosphorescent signals of various organic nanoparticles are nearly extinguished in blood‐rich organs because of the quenching effect of iron ions. Moreover, for the first time, we demonstrated that iron ions universally quench the phosphorescence of organic room‐temperature phosphorescent materials, which is an inherent property of such substances. Leveraging this property, both the normal liver and hepatitis tissues exhibit negligible phosphorescent signals, whereas liver tumors display intense phosphorescence. Therefore, phosphorescent materials, unlike chemiluminescent or fluorescent materials, can exploit this unique inherent property to selectively distinguish liver tumor tissues from normal tissues without additional modifications or treatments.
Tetraborated Intrinsically Axial Chiral Multi‐resonance Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials
Authors: Yuan Li , Xu Jun‐Wei , Yan Zhi‐Ping , Yang Yi‐Fan , Mao Dan , Hu Jia‐Jun , Ni Hua‐Xiu , Li Cheng‐Hui , Zuo Jing‐Lin , Zheng You‐Xuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChiral multi‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (CP‐MR‐TADF) materials hold promise for circularly polarized organic light‐emitting diodes (CP‐OLEDs) and 3D displays. Herein, we present two pairs of tetraborated intrinsically axial CP‐MR‐TADF materials, R/S‐BDBF‐BOH and R/S‐BDBT‐BOH, with conjugation‐extended bidibenzo[b,d]furan and bidibenzo[b,d]thiophene as chiral sources, which effectively participate in the distribution of the frontier molecular orbitals. Due to the heavy‐atom effect, sulfur atoms are introduced to accelerate the reverse intersystem crossing process and increase the efficiency of molecules. R/S‐BDBF‐BOH and R/S‐BDBT‐BOH manifest ultra‐pure blue emission with a maximum at 458/459 nm with a full width at half maximum of 27 nm, photoluminescence quantum yields of 90 %/91 %, and dissymmetry factors (|gPL|) of 6.8×10−4/8.5×10−4, respectively. Correspondingly, the CP‐OLEDs exhibit good performances with an external quantum efficiency of 30.1 % and |gEL| factors of 1.2×10−3.
Unraveling the Intertwining Factors Underlying the Assembly of High‐Nuclearity Heterometallic Clusters
Authors: Xu Na , Chen Wanmin , Miao Jun , Ding Yousong , Zheng Zhiping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTwo closely related yet distinctly different cationic clusters, [Dy52Ni44(HEIDA)36(OH)138(OAc)24(H2O)30]10+ (1) and [Dy112Ni76(HEIDA)44(EIDA)24(IDA)4(OH)268(OAc)48(H2O)44]4+ (2) (HEIDA=N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)iminodiacetate), each featuring a multi‐shell core of Platonic and Archimedean polyhedra, were obtained. Depending on the specific conditions used for the co‐hydrolysis of Dy3+ and Ni2+, the product can be crystallized out as one particular type of cluster or as a mixture of 1 and 2. How the reaction process was affected by the amount of hydrolysis‐facilitating base and/or by the reaction temperature and duration was investigated. It has been found that a reaction at a high temperature and/or for an extended period favors the formation of the compact and thermodynamically more stable 1, while a brief reaction with a large amount of the base is good for the kinetic product 2. By tuning these intertwining conditions, the reaction can be regulated toward a particular product.
Cure characteristics and mechanical properties of natural rubber vulcanizates filled with untreated pyrolytic tire char
Authors: Dechojarassri Duangkamol , Suwannakit Warissara , Danwanichakul Panu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUntreated pyrolytic tire char was used in natural rubber (STR20) composites as single filler at loadings of 30–70 phr and co‐filler with carbon black (N330) at a total loading of 50 phr. The results were compared with rubbers filled with N330 and crumb rubber at 30 phr. The effects of fillers on cure characteristic, crosslink density, filler dispersion in natural rubber vulcanizates and their mechanical properties were investigated. The slight reversions were seen for the cure characteristics of 70 phr‐char‐filled and all co‐filler samples because the sulfur amount in the char together with the added sulfur could shift the vulcanization system from EV to SEV, whereas plateau cure curves were seen for the rest. While the highest tensile strength of char‐filled sample was obtained at 50 phr loading, whose tensile strength was about 88% of the N330 sample at 30 phr, 70‐phr‐char filled sample was superior in surface hardness, abrasion resistance and tear strength to N330 sample at 30 phr. For rubber with co‐fillers, the mechanical properties depended on the mass ratio of N330 to pyrolytic tire char. Therefore, it is possible to use untreated char as reinforcing filler for suitable applications according to their properties.
Bulk‐Like Mott‐Transition in Ultrathin Cr‐Doped V2O3 Films and the Influence of its Variability on Scaled Devices
Authors: Mohr Johannes , Hennen Tyler , Bedau Daniel , Waser Rainer , Wouters Dirk J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe pressure‐driven Mott‐transition in Chromium doped V2O3 films is investigated by direct electrical measurements on polycrystalline films with thicknesses down to 10 nm, and doping concentrations of 2%, 5%, and 15%. A change in resistivity of nearly two orders of magnitude is found for 2% doping. A simulation model based on a scaling law description of the phase transition and percolative behavior in a resistor lattice is developed. This is used to show that despite significant deviations in the film structure from single crystals, the transition behavior is very similar. Finally, the influence of the variability between grains on the characteristics of scaled devices is investigated and found to allow for scaling down to at least 50 nm device width.
High‐Speed and Low‐Power 2 × 2 Thermo‐Optic Switch Based on Dual Silicon Topological Nanobeam Cavities
Authors: Sun Qiyao , Pan Yingdi , Hu Pan , Liu Songyue , Lu Qi , Wang Hongwei , Sun Lu , Su Yikai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA 2 × 2 thermo‐optic (TO) switch using dual topological photonic crystal nanobeam (PCN) cavities on the silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) platform is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. A Fano resonance is observed due to the interference between the topological interface state of the 1D topological PCN cavity and the Fabry‐Perot (F‐P) cavity mode formed between the two facets of the finitely long nanobeam waveguide. Thanks to the sharp rising edge of the spectral response of the Fano resonance and the high confinement of light in the topological PCN cavities, a 2 × 2 TO switch is realized with short switching time and low power consumption. The measured switching power is only 1.55 mW, and the rising time and the falling time are 3 and 5.6 µs, respectively in the on‐off switching experiments. To the best of the knowledge, this is the first time that a dual topological PCN structure is utilized to realize a high‐speed and low‐power TO switch, revealing the possibility of designing high‐performance reconfigurable optical devices and networks using topological photonics.
An Emission‐Based Probe for the Detection and Quantification of DNA and RNA
Authors: Adak Soumen , Rahaman Sk. Atiur , Karmakar Susnata , Bandyopadhyay Subhajit 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSequence‐independent detection of low concentrations of nucleic acids is important for applications in forensics and diagnostics. An emission‐based probe for detecting and quantifying DNA and RNA utilizing a water‐soluble dicationic tetraphenylethene (TPE) derivativewas developed. The recognition is based on the electrostatic and other non‐covalent interactions between the phosphate backbone of nucleic acids and the cationic probe, which cause the restriction of rotation of the aryl units of the probe, ensuing in the enhancement of the fluorescence signal. The binding was validated by different spectroscopic techniques and also by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The probable mode of binding with the nucleic acids was studied by blind‐docking studies that correlated well with the experimental results.
Event‐triggered adaptive fault‐tolerant control for heterogeneous nonlinear multi‐agent systems
Authors: Xu Lin‐Xing , Zhao Lian‐Na , Li Yang 
Published: May 2024

SummaryIn this paper, a distributed adaptive output feedback consensus tracking control scheme is developed for heterogeneous nonlinear multi‐agent systems (MASs) with actuator failures. Unlike most existing results, the parameters in the considered MAS are unknown, and the system's nonlinear functions are not required to satisfy the Lipschitz condition. A kind of K‐filters with an additional design parameter is designed to suppress the effects of unknown actuator failures. In addition, an event‐triggering mechanism with a switching threshold method is designed to reduce the communication burden. With the proposed control scheme, the tracking error of each subsystem converges exponentially to an adjustable bound. Finally, a nonlinear MAS consisting of multiple single‐link robot manipulators is given to verify its effectiveness.
Neural correlates of response to joint attention in 2‐to‐5‐year‐olds in relation to ASD and social‐communicative abilities: An fNIRS and behavioral study
Authors: Piatti Alessandra , Van der Paelt Sara , Warreyn Petra , Roeyers Herbert 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with life‐long challenges with social cognition, and one of its earliest and most common manifestations is atypical joint attention, which is a pivotal skill in social‐cognitive and linguistic development. Early interventions for ASD children often focus on training initiation of joint attention (IJA) and response to joint attention bids (RJA), which are important for social communication and cognition. Here, we used functional near‐infrared spectroscopy and behavioral measures to test typically developing (TD, n = 17) and ASD children (n = 18), to address the relationship between the neural correlates of RJA and social‐communicative behavior. Group‐level differences were present for RJA‐specific activation over right temporal sites, where TD children showed higher levels of activation during RJA than ASD children, whereas the two groups did not differ in the control condition. Correlations between neural activation and behavioral traits suggest that, in ASD children, neural activation during RJA is related to the frequency of RJA behavior when the former is measured over left temporal sites, and to social affect symptoms when considered for right temporal sites. Possible implications of the evidenced correlations are discussed.
Biorefinery potential of Dunaliella (Chlorophyta) for production of value‐added compounds
Authors: Sharma Yogita , Singh Gajendra Pal , Singh Chandra Pal 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDunaliella functions as a microscopic bioindustry that can capture atmospheric carbon dioxide and amass it into a range of economically viable compounds. Dunaliella‐based biorefineries have emerged as sustainable platforms for fostering a green economy and reducing carbon emissions. Dunaliella‐derived value‐added compounds are commercially important due to their application in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical, and nutraceutical sectors. The present study highlights the economic application of different Dunaliella species and the available sustainable technologies for the cultivation, harvesting, and extraction of bioactive compounds that have the potential for commercial scaleup. Their incorporation into biorefinery processes can reduce dependency on energy‐intensive and low‐yield processes.This review briefly discusses the technoeconomic analysis (TEA) of Dunaliella‐driven industrial approaches for the optimization of effective yield and determination of final production costs. The major algal biorefineries are operational in countries like Australia, China, India, Israel, Japan, Portugal, Spain and the USA. The authors have comprehensively deliberated different aspects of Dunaliella from physiological to industrial applications, meanwhile underscoring the existing knowledge gaps that impede the success of Dunaliella biorefineries. The current industrial methods being employed for biorefineries are limited to producing individual bioproducts, which may not be fully cost effective, making them less competitive in the global market. However, the analysis carried out can serve as a starting point and can guide stakeholders towards the future direction of Dunaliella‐based research and the circular bioeconomy.
Starch‐based films affected by the addition of collagen from Prochilodus magdalenae residues and HPMC: Application in Andean blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth) coatings
Authors: Acevedo‐Puello Vanessa , Gómez‐Contreras Paula , Ortega‐Toro Rodrigo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStarch‐based films offer the advantages of biodegradability, edibility, barrier properties, flexibility, and adaptability. This study compared the physicochemical properties of starch‐based films by adding raw fish collagen and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC). The tensile properties were evaluated, and the interaction with water was analyzed. Barrier properties, such as water vapor and oxygen permeability, were examined, and optical properties, such as gloss and good internal transmittance, were evaluated. The films were evaluated as coatings on Andean blackberries (Rubus glaucus Benth) for 2 weeks at 85% RH and 25°C. The results showed that the inclusion of collagen caused a reduction in the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the films. Also, the formulation with the highest collagen concentration (F7) exhibited the lowest weight loss and water vapor permeability, also it had the highest collagen concentration and showed the highest reduction in Xw and WAC, with values of 0.048 and 0.65 g water/g dry film, respectively. According to analyzing the optical properties, F1 presented the highest bright‐ness and transmittance values, with 18GU and 82 nm values, respectively. In general, the films and coatings are alternatives to traditional packaging materials to prolong the shelf life of these fruits.
CRISPR‐Cas9 mediated genome editing of Kluyveromyces marxianus for iterative, multiplexed gene disruption and pathway integration
Authors: Wang Wenliang , Wang Xinkai , Tan Yadi , Zhao Shuo , Zhao Liqian , Zhu Zhiwei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractKluyveromyces marxianus, a thermotolerant, fast‐growing, Crabtree‐negative yeast, is a promising chassis for the manufacture of various bioproducts. Although several genome editing tools are available for this yeast, these tools still require refinement to enable more convenient and efficient genetic modification. In this study, we engineered the K. marxianus NBRC 104275 strain by impairing the nonhomologous end joining and enhancing the homologous recombination machinery, which resulted in improved homology‐directed repair effective on homology arms of up to 40 bp in length. Additionally, we simplified the CRISPR‐Cas9 editing system by constructing a strain for integrative expression of Cas9 nuclease and plasmids bearing different selection markers for gRNA expression, thereby facilitating iterative genome editing without the need for plasmid curing. We demonstrated that tRNA was more effective than the hammerhead ribozyme for processing gRNA primary transcripts, and readily assembled tRNA‐gRNA arrays were used for multiplexed editing of at least four targets. This editing tool was further employed for simultaneous scarless in vivo assembly of a 12‐kb cassette from three fragments and marker‐free integration for expressing a fusion variant of fatty acid synthase, as well as the integration of genes for starch hydrolysis. Together, the genome editing tool developed in this study makes K. marxianus more amenable to genetic modification and will facilitate more extensive engineering of this nonconventional yeast for chemical production.
The impact of neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders on the risk of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: He Yuze , Wang Zhihao , Zuo Mingrong , Zhang Shuxin , Li Wenhao , Chen Siliang , Yuan Yunbo , Yang Yuan , Liu Yanhui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundNeurocognitive and psychiatric disorders have been proved that they can comorbid more often with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) than general population. However, the potential causal association between these disorders and iNPH has not been assessed. Thus, our study aims to investigate the causal relationship between them based on a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.MethodsRandom effects of the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method were conducted to obtain the causal association among the neurocognitive disorders, psychiatric disorders, and iNPH. Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) of 12 neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders were downloaded via the OpenGWAS database, GWAS Catalog, and Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, whereas GWAS data of iNPH were obtained from the FinnGen consortium round 9 release, with 767 cases and 375,610 controls of European ancestry. We also conducted the sensitivity analysis in these significant causal inferences using weighted median model, Cochrane's Q test, MR‐Egger regression, MR Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier detect and the leave‐one‐out analysis.ResultsFor most of the neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders, no causal association was established between them and iNPH. We have found that iNPH (odds ratio [OR] = 1.030, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.011–1.048, p = .001) is associated with increased risk for schizophrenia, which failed in validation of sensitivity analysis. Notably, genetically predicted Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with increased risk of iNPH (OR = 1.256, 95% CI: 1.045–1.511, p = .015).ConclusionOur study has revealed the potential causal effect in which PD associated with an increased risk of iNPH. Further study is warranted to investigate the association between PD and iNPH and the potential underlying mechanism.