bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research Priorities for Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Sexually Transmitted Infections Surveillance, Screening, and Intervention in Emergency Departments: Consensus‐based Recommendations
Authors: Haukoos Jason S. , Mehta Supriya D. , Harvey Leah , Calderon Yvette , Rothman Richard E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis article describes the results of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted infections (STI) prevention in the emergency department (ED) component of the 2009 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference entitled “Public Health in the ED: Surveillance, Screening, and Intervention.” The objectives were to use experts to define knowledge gaps and priority research questions related to the performance of HIV and STI surveillance, screening, and intervention in the ED. A four‐step nominal group technique was applied using national and international experts in HIV and STI prevention. Using electronic mail, an in‐person meeting, and a Web‐based survey, specific knowledge gaps and research questions were identified and prioritized. Through two rounds of nomination and refinement, followed by two rounds of election, consensus was achieved for 11 knowledge gaps and 14 research questions related to HIV and STI prevention in EDs. The overarching themes of the research priority questions were related to effectiveness, sustainability, and integration. While the knowledge gaps appear disparate from one another, they are related to the research priority questions identified. Using a consensus approach, we developed a set of priorities for future research related to HIV and STI prevention in the ED. These priorities have the potential to improve future clinical and health services research and extramural funding in this important public health sector.
Public Health in the Emergency Department: Surveillance, Screening, and Intervention—Funding and Sustainability
Authors: Woolard Robert , Degutis Linda C. , Mello Michael , Rothman Richard , Cherpitel Cheryl J. , Post Lori A. , Hirshon Jon Mark , Haukoos Jason S. , Hungerford Daniel W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis article summarizes the work and discussions of the funding and sustainability work group at the 2009 Academic Emergency Medicine consensus conference “Public Health in the ED: Surveillance, Screening, and Intervention.” The funding and sustainability session participants were asked to address the following overarching question: “What are the opportunities and what is needed to encourage academic emergency medicine (EM) to take advantage of the opportunities for funding available for public health research initiatives and build stronger academic programs focusing on public health within EM?” Prior to the session, members of the group reviewed research funding for EM in public health, as well as the priorities of federal agencies and foundations. Recommendations for actions by EM summarize the findings of workshop.
Study Designs and Evaluation Models for Emergency Department Public Health Research
Authors: Broderick Kerry B. , Ranney Megan L. , Vaca Federico E. , D’Onofrio Gail , Rothman Richard E. , Rhodes Karin V. , Becker Bruce , Haukoos Jason S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPublic health research requires sound design and thoughtful consideration of potential biases that may influence the validity of results. It also requires careful implementation of protocols and procedures that are likely to translate from the research environment to actual clinical practice. This article is the product of a breakout session from the 2009 Academic Emergency Medicine consensus conference entitled “Public Health in the ED: Screening, Surveillance, and Intervention” and serves to describe in detail aspects of performing emergency department (ED)‐based public health research, while serving as a resource for current and future researchers. In doing so, the authors describe methodologic features of study design, participant selection and retention, and measurements and analyses pertinent to public health research. In addition, a number of recommendations related to research methods and future investigations related to public health work in the ED are provided. Public health investigators are poised to make substantial contributions to this important area of research, but this will only be accomplished by employing sound research methodology in the context of rigorous program evaluation.
Cold hardiness and overwintering survival of the cabbage seedpod weevil, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus
Authors: Cárcamo Héctor A. , Herle Carolyn E. , Otani Jennifer , McGinn Sean M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe cabbage seedpod weevil, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a serious pest of brassicaceous crops in temperate regions and a chronic member of the pest complex that attacks canola in Canada. We conducted several laboratory and field experiments to quantify winter survival and its role in the population dynamics of this insect. We estimated the supercooling point of the weevil at −7 °C and its survival over 8 weeks decreased significantly at −5 °C relative to 5 °C, but extending the overwintering period at 5 °C to 18.5 weeks had no effect on mortality. Cumulative sub‐freezing degrees estimated from air temperature, and especially from soil temperature, were highly correlated with weevil survival. Our linear regression model predicted poor survival of the weevils in typical winters in northern Alberta. Our results indicate that if milder winters prevail, as predicted by global warming, there is potential for the weevils to establish and become a serious pest in northern canola‐growing regions of Canada.
Reflectance confocal microscopy for pigmentary disorders
Authors: Kang Hee Young , Bahadoran Philippe , Ortonne Jean‐Paul 
Published: November 2009

Please cite this paper as: Reflectance confocal microscopy for pigmentary disorders. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 233–239.Abstract:  In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a non‐invasive, repetitive imaging tool that provides real‐time images at nearly cellular histological resolution. Application of this technology to skin imaging during the last decade has been a great advance in dermatology. As melanin is the strongest endogenous contrast in human skin, pigmentary disorders caused by abnormal amounts of melanin in the skin could be the most suitable candidates for RCM examination. This article reviewed the RCM applications in the characterization and management of pigmentary disorders. The application of RCM in pigmentary disorders has been expanded to describe hyper‐ and hypopigmentary disorders as well as pigmented skin tumors. The great advantages of non‐invasive and repetitive examination of RCM may provide its usefulness not only in the diagnosis and management of pigmentary disorders, but also in researching pathogenesis of pigmentary disorders.
In vivosynthesis and secretion of erythropoietin by genetically modified primary human keratinocytes grafted onto immunocompromised mice
Authors: Scheidemann Frank , Therrien Jean‐Philippe , Vogel Jon , Pfützner Wolfgang 
Published: November 2009

Please cite this paper as: In vivosynthesis and secretion of erythropoietin by genetically modified primary human keratinocytes grafted onto immunocompromised mice. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 289–297.AbstractBackground: The skin is an easily accessible tissue with a high blood flow facilitating the distribution of secreted peptides. These features make it a very intriguing target to serve as a biofactory releasing a systemically needed factor, such as erythropoietin (EPO).Methods: To evaluate the potential of human keratinocytes (KC) to systemically synthesize EPO, EPO‐transduced KC were grafted onto immunocompromised mice and EPO secretion was followed by serum ELISA. Furthermore, we assessed if topical colchicine application would select for enriched percentages of KC expressing the multi‐drug resistance (MDR) gene as a selectable gene connected to the EPO gene (measured by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS)‐analysis) and result in enhanced EPO production (determined by ELISA).Results: Transduced KC showed stable EPO productionin vivoduring a 6‐month observation period, pointing to engraftment of EPO‐secreting KC progenitor cells. When adding colchicines the number of EPO/MDR+ KC were significantly enriched, both in skin grafts (in vivo) and in skin equivalents (in vitro). Of note, this did not result in enhanced EPO production. Rather, while EPO secretion was substantially increased in transduced KC grown as monolayers and selected with colchicine, it was reduced by more than 50% in both colchicine‐treated skin grafts and skin equivalents.Conclusion: Keratinocytes carry the potential to serve as a genetically modified biofactory synthesizing human EPO.In vivogene selection does not allow to select for increased EPO secretion, most likely because of altered secretory activity of transduced KC in the stratified, differentiated epidermis. Thus, further studies are necessary to optimize the release of EPO by genetically modified KC.
Increased alpha‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) levels and melanocortin receptors expression associated with pigmentation in an NC/Nga mouse model of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Hiramoto Keiichi , Kobayashi Hiromi , Ishii Masamitsu , Sato Eisuke , Inoue Masayasu 
Published: November 2009

Please cite this paper as: Increased alpha‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) levels and melanocortin receptors expression associated with pigmentation in an NC/Nga mouse model of atopic dermatitis. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 132–136.Abstract:  Patients with a specific subtype of atopic dermatitis (AD) display particular patterns of pigmentation, such as ripple pattern pigmentation on the neck, pigmented macules on the lip and diffuse pigmentation. However, the mechanism underlying these patterns has not been determined. The purpose of our research is to investigate the factors influencing this type of pigmentation in AD. We observed that AD model mice (NC/Nga mice) displayed an increase in the number of 3, 4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (Dopa)‐positive melanocytes in the epidermis and intestine (jejunum and colon) while in the inflammatory state. The plasma levels of alpha‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) and adrenocoticotropin (ACTH) also increased in NC/Nga mice with dermatitis. Furthermore, the expression of melanocortin receptor 5 and melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1R) increased in the skin, and melanocortin receptor 3 (MC3R) expression increased in the intestine. However, the changes in the Dopa‐positive cells of conventional NC/Nga mice were not induced by treatment with either agouti (an MC1R antagonist) or agouti‐related protein (an MC3R antagonist). These results indicate that the pigmentation of AD is related to increased levels of α‐MSH, MC1R (in the skin) and MC3R (in the intestines).
Stromal laminin chain distribution in normal, hyperplastic and malignant oral mucosa: relation to myofibroblast occurrence and vessel formation
Authors: Franz Marcus , Wolheim Anke , Richter Petra , Umbreit Claudia , Dahse Regine , Driemel Oliver , Hyckel Peter , Virtanen Ismo , Kosmehl Hartwig , Berndt Alexander 
Published: November 2009

J Oral Pathol Med (2010) 39: 290–298Background:  The contribution of stromal laminin chain expression to malignant potential, tumour stroma reorganization and vessel formation in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is not fully understood. Therefore, the expression of the laminin chains α2, α3, α4, α5 and γ2 in the stromal compartment/vascular structures in OSCC was analysed.Methods:  Frozen tissue of OSCC (9× G1, 24× G2, 8× G3) and normal (2×)/hyperplastic (11×) oral mucosa was subjected to laminin chain and α‐smooth muscle actin (ASMA) immunohistochemistry. Results were correlated to tumour grade. The relation of laminin chain positive vessels to total vessel number was assessed by immunofluorescence double labelling with CD31.Results:  Stromal laminin α2 chain significantly decreases and α3, α4, α5 and γ2 chains and also ASMA significantly increase with rising grade. The amount of stromal α3, α4 and γ2 chains significantly increased with rising ASMA positivity. There is a significant decrease in α3 chain positive vessels with neoplastic transformation.Conclusions:  Mediated by myofibroblasts, OSCC development is associated with a stromal up‐regulation of laminin isoforms possibly contributing to a migration promoting microenvironment. A vascular basement membrane reorganization concerning α3 and γ2 chain laminins during tumour angioneogenesis is suggested.
Changes in the professional domain of Dutch dental hygienists
Authors: Jerkovic K , Van Offenbeek MAG , Slot DE , Van Der Schans CP 
Published: November 2009

To cite this article:

Int J Dent Hygiene 8, 2010; 301–307 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601‐5037.2009.00418.x Jerkovic K, van Offenbeek MAG, Slot DE, Van der Schans CP. Changes in the professional domain of Dutch dental hygienists.Abstract:  Objective:  This study’s purpose was to compare the scope of practice of Dutch dental hygienists educated through a two‐ or three‐year curriculum (‘old curriculum dental hygienists’ [OCDHs]) with that of hygienists educated through a new extended four‐year curriculum leading to a bachelor’s degree (‘new curriculum dental hygienists’ [NCDHs]).Methods:  In 2005 and 2007, we obtained surveys from 320 OCDHs and the first 67 NCDHs, respectively, in which respondents were asked to complete a questionnaire and score how often they performed certain dental tasks. By means of factor analysis, these tasks were grouped into nine activity groups and 5 remaining single activities. T‐tests and Mann‐Whitney U‐tests were used to compare the scope of practice between OCDHs and NCDHs.Results:  NCDHs worked more often in dental offices (instead of being self‐employed) and generally worked more hours per week than OCDHs. They performed more often tasks dealing with caries diagnosis and treatment and less often tasks dealing with prevention and periodontology. These differences were statistically significant. However, in dental offices the differences between OCDHs en NCDHs were far less pronounced. In those practices OCDHs performed dental sealants, small corrections of dentures and/or restoration and caries diagnosis during dental check‐up no less frequently than NCDHs.Conclusions:  Although prevention remains the core domain (or role) of all Dutch dental hygienists surveyed, the scope of practice substantially differed. This, however, depended not only on education, but also on type of practice. The new curriculum answers to and legitimates an already developed practice of task delegation.
A prospective study on the persistence of infant crying, sleeping and feeding problems and preschool behaviour
Authors: Schmid G , Schreier A , Meyer R , Wolke D 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAim:  To determine the persistence of regulatory problems (RP), i.e. excessive crying (>3 months of age), feeding and sleeping difficulties from infancy to preschool age, and to evaluate whether RP at 5 months are predictive of preschool adaptive behaviour and social skills.Method:  A prospective population study of newborns admitted to neonatal care. RP at 5, 20 and 56 months of age were obtained via parent interviews and neurological examination and preschool adaptive behaviour and social skills by parent ratings. Logistic and linear regression analyses were conducted and controlled for psychosocial and neurological factors.Results:  More than half of the sample had RP at least at one measurement point. In about 8% of infants, RP persisted across the preschool years. Multiple RP and feeding problems increased the odds of eating problems at 20 and 56 months. Persistent RP and feeding problems were predictive of deficits in preschool adaptive behaviour and social skills. In addition, sex differences were found.Conclusions:  Multiple RP and feeding problems had the highest stability. Persistent RP were predictive of adverse social and adaptive behaviour. Understanding of the aetiology may help to prevent persistent RP
The influence of fig proteases on the inhibition of angiotensin I‐converting and GABA formation in meat
Authors: LI Jinyue , IZUMIMOTO Masatoshi , YONEHARA Makiko , HIROTSU Seiya , KURIKI Takayoshi , NAITO Ichiro , YAMADA Hidenori 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTThe purposes of this research were to use fig protease for texture tenderizing, and to inhibit angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE) action and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) formation of meat. Liberated peptides by the enzymatic action of fig protease in processing meat and free amino acids were determined and ACE inhibitory activity was assayed. Meat treated with fig protease became tender as indicated by shear force value (SFV) which was half of those of non‐fig treated meat during storage even at 5°C. Liberated peptides, free amino acids and GABA increased while extremely low levels of Glu were detected after storage. The optimal temperature of fig protease against meat was 80°C. However, the activity of fig protease decreased after pre‐heating more than 40°C. High ACE inhibitory activity of a mixture of fig and meat was found around 80°C, and the value corresponded to the amount of liberated peptide. A lot of liberated peptides were found at 60–80°C and pasterization of meat product becomes convenient to produce peptides. Production of ACE inhibitory peptides and GABA can be expected as the healthy functional meat product such as antihypertensive activity and improve brain function.
Regional specialization of the Ganglion cell density in the retina of the Ostrich (Struthio camelus)
Authors: RAHMAN Mohammad L. , KURODA Kengo , AOYAMA Masato , SUGITA Shoei 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTIn this study, retinal whole‐mount specimens were prepared and stained with 0.1% cresyl violet for the ganglion cell study in the Ostrich (Struthio camelus). The total number, distribution, and size of these cells were determined in different retinal regions. The mean total number of ganglion cells (three retinas) was 1 435 052 with an average density of 652 cells/mm2. The temporo – nasal area of the retina with high cell density were identified with the peak of 7525 cells/mm2 in the central area. The size of most ganglion cells ranged from 113–403 µm2, with smaller cells predominating along the temporo‐nasal streak above the optic disc and larger cells comprising more of the peripheral regions. The average thickness of the retina was 196 µm. The central area was the thickest area (268.6 µm), whereas the peripheral area was the thinnest area. Thus, the specialization of ganglion cell densities, their sizes and the thickness of the retina support the notion that the conduction of visual information towards the brain from all regions of the retina is not uniform, and suggests that the temporo – nasal streak is the fine quality area for vision in ostriches.
Early metaphase II oocytes treated with dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate provide suitable recipient cytoplasm for the production of miniature pig somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos
Authors: SUGIMURA Satoshi , YAMANAKA Ken‐ichi , KAWAHARA Manabu , WAKAI Takuya , YOKOO Masaki , SATO Eimei 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTWe investigated the effects of in vitro maturation duration and treatment with dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dbcAMP) on the blind enucleation efficiency and developmental competence of miniature pig somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. Oocytes were cultured for 22 h in NCSU‐23 medium with or without 1 mM dbcAMP and then additionally cultured in dbcAMP‐free NCSU‐23 for 14, 18, or 22 h. Regardless of dbcAMP treatment, the rate of nuclear maturation reached a plateau at 36 and 40 h. However, mitochondrial distribution, a marker for cytoplasmic maturation, differed between the dbcAMP‐untreated oocytes at 36 h and dbcAMP‐treated oocytes at 40 h. The metaphase II chromosomes were adjacent to the first polar body in 68.8% and 63.5% of the dbcAMP‐untreated oocytes at 36 h and dbcAMP‐treated oocytes at 40 h, respectively. Furthermore, the blind enucleation efficiency by removing a small volume of cytoplasm was significantly higher in the dbcAMP‐untreated oocytes at 36 h (82.9%) and dbcAMP‐treated oocytes at 40 h (89.9%) than other groups. The rate of blastocyst formation was highest in the dbcAMP‐treated oocytes at 40 h. Hence, this study demonstrated that dbcAMP‐treated early metaphase II oocytes are suitable for the production of miniature pig SCNT embryos.
Role of Adenosine Signaling in Penile Erection and Erectile Disorders
Authors: Phatarpekar Prasad V. , Wen Jiaming , Xia Yang 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTIntroductionPenile erection is a hemodynamic process, which results from increased flow and retention of blood in the penile organ due to the relaxation of smooth muscle cells. Adenosine, a physiological vasorelaxant, has been shown to be a modulator of penile erection.AimTo summarize the research on the role of adenosine signaling in normal penile erection and erectile disorders.Main Outcome MeasuresEvidence in the literature on the association between adenosine signaling and normal and abnormal penile erection, i.e., erectile dysfunction (ED) and priapism.MethodsThe article reviews the literature on the role of endogenous and exogenous adenosine in normal penile erection, as well as in erectile disorders namely, ED and priapism.ResultsAdenosine has been shown to relax corpus cavernosum from various species including human in both in vivo and in vitro studies. Neuromodulatory role of adenosine in corpus cavernosum has also been demonstrated. Impaired adenosine signaling through A2B receptor causes partial resistance of corpus cavernosum, from men with organic ED, to adenosine-mediated relaxation. Increased level of adenosine has been shown to be a causative factor for priapism.ConclusionOverall, the research reviewed here suggests a general role of exogenous and endogenous adenosine signaling in normal penile erection. From this perspective, it is not surprising that impaired adenosine signaling is associated with ED, and excessive adenosine signaling is associated with priapism. Adenosine signaling represents a potentially important diagnostic and therapeutic target for the treatment of ED and priapism.
Labour Market Dynamics in Resource Dependent Regions: an Examination of the Western Australian Goldfields
Authors: TONTS MATTHEW 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLabour shortages have become an increasingly significant barrier to economic development in regional Australia. Many firms and government agencies are operating below capacity as a result of their inability to fill jobs. In the mineral resources sector, this has been compounded by rapidly rising demand for commodities and the very remote locations of many mine sites. This paper explores the dynamics of labour shortages in the minerals sector of the Western Australian Goldfields. It demonstrates close linkages between commodity price, labour supply and demand, and resource output. Against the background of a state‐wide ‘resources boom’, the paper also points to an increase in intra‐ and inter‐ regional competition for labour.