bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of aumolertinib combined with or without chemotherapy as an adjuvant treatment for stage II-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer following complete tumour resection: The first third-generation EGFR-TKI versus chemotherapy phase III clinical study (APEX).
Authors: Tan Feng , Wang Zhijie , Feng Gang , Sun Daqiang , Ma Haitao , Jiang Tao , Wang Sihua , Liu Hongxu , Hu Weidong , Liu Wei , Zhu Yuming , Li Hecheng , Peng Hao , Wu Qingchen , Shen Weiyu , Xu Shun , Zhang Quanren , Han Yongtao , Wang Jie , Gao Shugeng 
Published: June 2024

TPS8117 Background: Patients with stage II-III A non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can benefit from adjuvant targeted therapy. ADAURA study shows a remarkable advantage of disease-free survival (DFS). However, there are still unresolved clinical issues. Firstly, the control group in the trial is received placebo, making it impossible to directly compare the efficacy of adjuvant targeted therapy with the traditionally recommended adjuvant chemotherapy in guidelines. Thus, it cannot address the direct comparison of third-generation TKIs with the current standard therapy (chemotherapy). Secondly, the necessity of combining chemotherapy with adjuvant targeted therapy need to explored. Aumolertinib is a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor- tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) that potently and selectively inhibits EGFR sensitizing and EGFR T790M resistance mutations. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of aumolertinib combined with or without chemotherapy as adjuvant treatment for EGFR-sensitive mutations stage II-III A non-squamous NSCLC patients. Methods: This is a multicenter, randomized, open label, phase III study. Patients with histologically confirmed stage II-III A non-squamous NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations without prior EGFR TKI treatment and R0 resection are eligible for this study. The performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) is 0 or 1. This trial prepared to enroll approximately 606 patients, will be randomized (3:2:1) to receive either aumolertinib alone (110mg, po, once daily) or aumolertinib (110mg, po, once daily) plus pemetrexed (500mg/m2, iv) and cisplatin (500mg/m2, iv) or pemetrexed (500mg/m2, iv) plus cisplatin (500mg/m2, iv). The first patient was enrolled on August 2, 2021. The primary end point is DFS, The secondary endpoints include 2, 3, 4, 5-year DFS rates, 5-year overall survival (OS), OS, safety and quality of life. Adverse effects were graded per CTCAE v.4.0. This trial is registered as NCT04762459. Clinical trial information: NCT04762459 .
Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Body Composition, Diabetes, and Longevity: A 2-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Kjaergaard Alisa D , Ellervik Christina , Jessen Niels , Lessard Sarah J 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Context
Cardiorespiratory fitness, commonly assessed as maximal volume of oxygen consumption (VO2max), has emerged as an important predictor of morbidity and mortality.

Objective
We investigated the causality and directionality of the associations of VO2max with body composition, physical activity, diabetes, performance enhancers, and longevity.

Methods
Using publicly available summary statistics from the largest genome-wide association studies publicly available, we conducted a bidirectional 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Bidirectional MR tested directionality, and estimated the total causal effects, whereas multivariable MR (MVMR) estimated independent causal effects. Cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) was estimated from a submaximal cycle ramp test (N ≈ 70 000) and scaled to total body weight, and in additional analyses to fat-free mass (mL/min/kg).

Results
Genetically predicted higher (per 1 SD increase) body fat percentage was associated with lower VO2max (β = −0.36; 95% CI: −0.40, −0.32, P = 6 × 10–77). Meanwhile, genetically predicted higher appendicular lean mass (β = 0.10; 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.13), physical activity (β = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.52), and performance enhancers (fasting insulin, hematocrit, and free testosterone in men) were all positively associated with VO2max (all P &lt; .01). Genetic predisposition to diabetes had no effect on VO2max. MVMR showed independent causal effects of body fat percentage, appendicular lean mass, physical activity, and hematocrit on VO2max, as well as of body fat percentage and type 2 diabetes (T2D) on longevity. Genetically predicted VO2max showed no associations.

Conclusion
Cardiorespiratory fitness can be improved by favorable body composition, physical activity, and performance enhancers. Despite being a strong predictor of mortality, VO2max is not causally associated with T2D or longevity.
The Impact of Adverse Pregnancy Events in the Initial Cycle on Subsequent Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Xu Qiuyu , Mao Xiaoyan , Zhang Jie , Chen Yan , Wu Ling 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Context
Evidence is accumulating on the impact of previous adverse pregnancy events on future fertility in natural conceptions. However, there is limited knowledge on whether an ectopic pregnancy (EP) or miscarriage after an initial in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle affects the subsequent outcomes.

Objective
To investigate the effect of first IVF outcomes (miscarriage, EP, and no pregnancy) on second cycle outcomes based on a freeze-all strategy.

Methods
Retrospective cohort study at a university-affiliated IVF center. This study involved 16 479 women who had undergone 2 complete frozen embryo transfers (FETs) and who were classified into 3 groups based on first FET outcomes. The main outcome measure was live birth rate (LBR).

Results
After correcting for confounders, the LBR after the second FET was similar between women who suffered an EP and those who had no pregnancies in their first FET cycles (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.03; 95% CI 0.83-1.28). However, women who experienced a miscarriage vs those with no prior pregnancy in the first FET had significantly higher LBR in their second cycles (aOR 1.33; 95% CI 1.20-1.48). The LBR after the second FET was similar between the previous EP and miscarriage groups (aOR 1.24; 95% CI 0.98-1.58). Similar results were found in propensity score matching models, supporting the robustness of the main findings.

Conclusion
Women who had a miscarriage in the first FET cycle had a higher chance of achieving live births in the subsequent treatment cycle than those who had no pregnancy in the initial cycle. Furthermore, it was found that an EP resulting from the first treatment cycle did not negatively impact reproductive outcomes in the next FET cycles.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Transient Elastography in Hepatosteatosis in Youth With Obesity
Authors: Tas Emir , Sundararajan Divya , Lo Jaclyn S , Morelli Nazeen , Garcia-Reyes Yesenia , Ware Meredith A , Rahat Haseeb , Ou Xiawei , Na Xiaoxu , Sundaram Shikha , Severn Cameron , Pyle Laura L , Børsheim Elisabet , Vajravelu Mary Ellen , Muzumdar Radhika , Dranoff Jonathan A , Cree Melanie G 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Context
Steatotic liver disease is common but overlooked in childhood obesity; diagnostic methods are invasive or expensive.

Objective
We sought to determine the diagnostic accuracy of vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in adolescents with obesity and high risk for hepatosteatosis.

Methods
Baseline data in 3 clinical trials enrolling adolescents with obesity were included (NCT03919929, NCT03717935, NCT04342390). Liver fat was assessed using MRI fat fraction and VCTE-based controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). Hepatosteatosis was defined as MRI fat fraction ≥5.0%. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) for CAP against MRI was calculated, and optimal CAP using the Youden index for hepatosteatosis diagnosis was determined.

Results
Data from 82 adolescents (age 15.6 ± 1.4 years, body mass index 36.5 ± 5.9 kg/m2, 81% female) were included. Fifty youth had hepatosteatosis by MRI (fat fraction 9.3% ; 95% CI 6.7, 14.0), and 32 participants did not have hepatosteatosis (fat fraction 3.1%; 95% CI 2.2, 3.9; P &lt; .001). The hepatosteatosis group had higher mean CAP compared with no hepatosteatosis (293 dB/m; 95% CI 267, 325 vs 267 dB/m; 95% CI 248, 282; P = .0120). A CAP of 281 dB/m had the highest sensitivity (60%) and specificity (74%) with AUROC of 0.649 (95% CI 0.51-0.79; P = .04) in the entire cohort. In a subset of participants with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a CAP of 306 dB/m had the highest sensitivity (78%) and specificity (52%) and AUROC of 0.678 (95% CI 0.45-0.90; P = .108).

Conclusion
CAP of 281 dB/m has modest diagnostic performance for hepatosteatosis compared with MRI in youth with significant obesity. A higher CAP in youth with PCOS suggests that comorbidities might affect optimal CAP in hepatosteatosis diagnosis.
Cerebellar granular neuron progenitors exit their germinative niche via BarH-like1 activity mediated partly by inhibition of T-cell factor
Authors: Bou-Rouphael Johnny , Doulazmi Mohamed , Eschstruth Alexis , Abdou Asna , Durand Béatrice C. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Cerebellar granule neuron progenitors (GNPs) originate from the upper rhombic lip (URL), a germinative niche in which developmental defects produce human diseases. T-cell factor (TCF) responsiveness and Notch dependence are hallmarks of self-renewal in neural stem cells. TCF activity, together with transcripts encoding proneural gene repressors hairy and enhancer of split (Hes/Hey), are detected in the URL; however, their functions and regulatory modes are undeciphered. Here, we established amphibian as a pertinent model for studying vertebrate URL development. The amphibian long-lived URL is TCF active, whereas the external granular layer (EGL) is non-proliferative and expresses hes4 and hes5 genes. Using functional and transcriptomic approaches, we show that TCF activity is necessary for URL emergence and maintenance. We establish that the transcription factor Barhl1 controls GNP exit from the URL, acting partly through direct TCF inhibition. Identification of Barhl1 target genes suggests that, besides TCF, Barhl1 inhibits transcription of hes5 genes independently of Notch signaling. Observations in amniotes suggest a conserved role for Barhl in maintenance of the URL and/or EGL via co-regulation of TCF, Hes and Hey genes.
Area Socioeconomic Status is Associated with Refusal of Recommended Surgery in Patients with Metastatic Bone and Joint Disease
Authors: Mani Kyle , Kleinbart Emily , Schlumprecht Anne , Golding Regina , Akioyamen Noel , Song Hyun , De La Garza Ramos Rafael , Eleswarapu Ananth , Yang Rui , Geller David , Hoang Bang , Yassari Reza , Fourman Mitchell S. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
This study sought to identify associations between the Yost Index, a geocoded area neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) score, and race/ethnicity with patient refusal of recommended surgery for metastatic bone disease.

Methods
Patients with metastatic bone disease were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The Yost Index was geocoded using factor analysis and categorized into quintiles using census tract-level American Community Service (ACS) 5-year estimates and seven nSES measures. Multivariable logistic regression models calculated odds ratios (ORs) of refusal of recommended surgery and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for clinical covariates.

Results
A total of 138,257 patients were included, of which 14,943 (10.8%) were recommended for surgical resection. Patients in the lowest nSES quintile had 57% higher odds of refusing surgical treatment than those in the highest quintile (aOR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.30–1.91, p < 0.001). Patients in the lowest nSES quintile also had a 31.2% higher age-adjusted incidence rate of not being recommended for surgery compared with those in the highest quintile (186.4 vs. 142.1 per 1 million, p < 0.001). Black patients had 34% higher odds of refusing treatment compared with White patients (aOR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.14–1.58, p = 0.003). Advanced age, unmarried status, and patients with aggressive cancer subtypes were associated with higher odds of refusing surgery (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
nSES and race/ethnicity are independent predictors of a patient refusing surgery for metastatic cancer to bone, even after adjusting for various clinical covariates. Effective strategies for addressing these inequalities and improving the access and quality of care of patients with a lower nSES and minority backgrounds are needed.
Factors Influencing Implementation of the Commission on Cancer’s Breast Synoptic Operative Report (Alliance A20_Pilot9)
Authors: Park Ko Un , Padamsee Tasleem J. , Birken Sarah A. , Lee Sandy , Niles Kaleigh , Blair Sarah L. , Grignol Valerie , Dickson-Witmer Diana , Nowell Kerri , Neuman Heather , King Tari , Mittendorf Elizabeth , Paskett Electra D. , Brindle Mary 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
The technical aspects of cancer surgery have a significant impact on patient outcomes. To monitor surgical quality, in 2020, the Commission on Cancer (CoC) revised its accreditation standards for cancer surgery and introduced the synoptic operative reports (SORs). The standardization of SORs holds promise, but successful implementation requires strategies to address key implementation barriers. This study aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators to implementing breast SOR within diverse CoC-accredited programs.

Methods
In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 31 health care professionals across diverse CoC-accredited sites. The study used two comprehensive implementation frameworks to guide data collection and analysis.

Results
Successful SOR implementation was impeded by disrupted workflows, surgeon resistance to change, low prioritization of resources, and poor flow of information despite CoC’s positive reputation. Participants often lacked understanding of the requirements and timeline for breast SOR and were heavily influenced by prior experiences with templates and SOR champion relationships. The perceived lack of monetary benefits (to obtaining CoC accreditation) together with the significant information technology (IT) resource requirements tempered some of the enthusiasm. Additionally, resource constraints and the redirection of personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic were noted as hurdles.

Conclusions
Surgeon behavior and workflow change, IT and personnel resources, and communication and networking strategies influenced SOR implementation. During early implementation and the implementation planning phase, the primary focus was on achieving buy-in and initiating successful roll-out rather than effective use or sustainment. These findings have implications for enhancing standardization of surgical cancer care and guidance of future strategies to optimize implementation of CoC accreditation standards.
La ideología y la autorización implícita de la violencia como política: la violencia sexual relacionada con el conflicto por parte del ejército de Myanmar contra los rohinyás
Authors: Alam Mayesha , Wood Elisabeth Jean 
Published: June 2024

A partir del trabajo de campo original y de otras fuentes primarias y secundarias, evaluamos si la violencia sexual generalizada durante las operaciones militares de Myanmar en 2017 contra las comunidades rohinyás fue una política (ordenada o autorizada por los comandantes) o una práctica (impulsada desde abajo y tolerada por los comandantes). Argumentamos que la violencia sexual fue autorizada como una política basados en (1) la prolongada exclusión ideológica de los rohinyás del estatus de ciudadanos, así como el historial de ingeniería demográfica para limitar su reproducción, (2) el contexto de limpieza étnica y el control efectivo que ejercían los comandantes sobre las tropas, (3) la evidencia de que los militares ejecutan un patrón de violencia sexual contra los rohinyás diferente al usado contra otras minorías étnicas, incluyendo ataques contra su capacidad reproductiva, y (4) un largo y continuo historial de impunidad de la violencia sexual relacionada con el conflicto, incluyendo en contra de los rohinyás. Nuestro análisis contribuye a la comprensión académica de las condiciones bajo las cuales la violencia sexual es autorizada como política y aquellas bajo las cuales la ideología prescribe o legitima patrones específicos de violencia, incluida la limpieza étnica. También es oportuno para apoyar los esfuerzos por enjuiciar y prevenir la violencia sexual relacionada con los conflictos.
Consumption of Values
Authors: Minardi Stefania , Wang Fan , Gilboa Itzhak 
Published: June 2024

Consumption decisions are partly influenced by values and ideologies. Consumers care about global warming, child labor, fair trade, etc. We develop an axiomatic model of intrinsic values—those that are carriers of meaning in and of themselves—and argue that they often introduce discontinuities near zero. For example, a vegetarian’s preferences would be discontinuous near zero amount of animal meat. We distinguish intrinsic values from instrumental ones, which are means rather than ends and serve as proxies for intrinsic values. We illustrate the relevance of our value-based model in different contexts, including equity concerns and prosocial behavior. This paper was accepted by Manel Baucells, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: The authors acknowledge support from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche [Grants ANR-11-IDEX-0003 and 11-LABX-0047], the Israel Science Foundation [Grant 1443/20], the AXA Research Fund [Chair for Decision Sciences], the Foerder Institute at Tel-Aviv University, and the Sapir Center for Economic Development (Gilboa). Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.01632 .
IKT-Konzepte zur Digitalisierung von MicroGrids und deren Betriebsführung
Authors: Hallmann Marcel , Pietracho Robert , Komarnicki Przemyslaw , Du Jia Lei , Niederkofler Michael , Käfer Peter 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Artikel befasst sich mit der Entwicklung intelligenter MicroGrids in lokalen Verteilungsnetzen und der dafür notwendigen Informations- und Kommunikationstechnik-Infrastruktur (IKT) und deren Rahmenbedingungen. Die geopolitischen und technischen Bedingungen für die Schaffung moderner Energiesysteme erfordern die Einführung fortschrittlicher Telemetriesysteme. Der Beitrag stellt das Konzept zweier realer Demonstrationssysteme vor, die für die Verwaltung und Kontrolle von Energiegeräten in Verteilnetzen sowie für den Energiefluss zwischen ausgewählten Punkten im Netz entwickelt wurden. Es werden zwei unabhängig voneinander arbeitende Systeme in Deutschland und Österreich vorgestellt, um die Integrität und Zuverlässigkeit des Betriebs von erneuerbaren Energie Anlagen zu erhöhen. In dem Artikel werden ebenfalls Lösungsszenarien und positive Aspekte der einzelnen getesteten Systeme vorgestellt. Der Artikel soll den Nachweis erbringen, dass die Flexibilität dieser Systeme bei der Anpassung an sich ändernde Netzparameter, Kundenverhalten und Anforderungen der Netzbetreiber erhöht werden muss.
Barriers and facilitators to perioperative smoking cessation: A scoping review
Authors: Ofori Sandra , Rayner Daniel , Mikhail David , Borges Flavia K. , Marcucci Maura M. , Conen David , Mbuagbaw Lawrence , Devereaux P. J. 
Published: June 2024

Objective
Smoking cessation interventions are underutilized in the surgical setting. We aimed to systematically identify the barriers and facilitators to smoking cessation in the surgical setting.

Methods
Following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) framework for scoping reviews, we searched 5 databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, and PsycINFO) for quantitative or qualitative studies published in English (since 2000) evaluating barriers and facilitators to perioperative smoking cessation interventions. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis and mapped to the theoretical domains framework (TDF).

Results
From 31 studies, we identified 23 unique barriers and 13 facilitators mapped to 11 of the 14 TDF domains. The barriers were within the domains of knowledge (e.g., inadequate knowledge of smoking cessation interventions) in 23 (74.2%) studies; environmental context and resources (e.g., lack of time to deliver smoking cessation interventions) in 19 (61.3%) studies; beliefs about capabilities (e.g., belief that patients are nervous about surgery/diagnosis) in 14 (45.2%) studies; and social/professional role and identity (e.g., surgeons do not believe it is their role to provide smoking cessation interventions) in 8 (25.8%) studies. Facilitators were mainly within the domains of environmental context and resources (e.g., provision of quit smoking advice as routine surgical care) in 15 (48.4%) studies, reinforcement (e.g., surgery itself as a motivator to kickstart quit attempts) in 8 (25.8%) studies, and skills (e.g., smoking cessation training and awareness of guidelines) in 5 (16.2%) studies.

Conclusion
The identified barriers and facilitators are actionable targets for future studies aimed at translating evidence informed smoking cessation interventions into practice in perioperative settings. More research is needed to evaluate how targeting these barriers and facilitators will impact smoking outcomes.
Association of catechol-o-methyltransferase gene polymorphism with preeclampsia and biomarkers of oxidative stress: Study protocol for a prospective case-control study in Pakistan
Authors: Yousuf Farheen , Fatima Tasneem , Rehman Rehana , Azam Iqbal , Khan Samra , Anis Maha , Mansha Rubeka , Khan Shagufta 
Published: June 2024

Background
Preeclampsia is one of the three leading causes of worldwide maternal mortality. Oxidative stress-mediated endothelial damage is expected to be an ultimate common mechanism in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. The role of bioamines is also well-established in the induction of preeclampsia. This project is aimed to understand the factors which may affect the induction, progression, and aggravation of preeclampsia and oxidative stress during pregnancy. This study will explore the methylation pattern of the Catechol-O-methyltransferase gene to determine its role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, association of Val158Met polymorphism with a wide range of oxidative stress biomarkers, major antioxidants vitamins, and blood pressure regulating amines in preeclamptic Pakistani women.

Methods and analysis
In this prospective case-control study, 85 preeclamptic and 85 normotensive pregnant women will be recruited in their third trimesters. DNA will be extracted from peripheral blood and Val158Met polymorphism in the Catechol-O-methyltransferase gene will be examined on PCR amplified product digested with Hin1II (NlaIII) restriction enzyme, further validated by Sanger sequencing. Methylation-sensitive PCR will also be performed. Oxidative stress biomarkers, antioxidant vitamins, bioamines, and catechol-O-methyltransferase levels will be measured by ELISA. The data will be used to correlate maternal and fetal outcomes in both groups.

Discussion
This study will help to identify and understand the multifactorial path and cause-effect relationship of gene polymorphism, oxidative stress biomarkers, major antioxidants vitamins, and blood pressure regulating amines in the pathogenesis and aggravation of preeclampsia in the Pakistani population. The outcome of this project will be particularly helpful in reducing the incidence of preeclampsia and further improving its management.