bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depressed adolescents in a case‐series were low in vitamin D and depression was ameliorated by vitamin D supplementation
Authors: Högberg Göran , Gustafsson Sven A , Hällström Tore , Gustafsson Tove , Klawitter Björn , Petersson Maria 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAim:  The relationship between depression in adolescents and vitamin D was studied in a case‐series that included effects of vitamin D supplementation.Methods:  Serum 25OH vitamin D (25OHD) levels in 54 Swedish depressed adolescents were investigated. Subjects with vitamin D deficiency were given vitamin D3 over 3 months (n = 48). To evaluate well‐being and symptoms related to depression and vitamin D status, the WHO‐5 well‐being scale, the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ‐S) and a vitamin D deficiency scale were used.Results:  Mean serum 25OHD in the depressed adolescents was 41 at baseline and 91 nmol/L (p < 0.001) after supplementation. Basal 25OHD levels correlated positively with well‐being (p < 0.05). After vitamin D supplementation, well‐being increased (p < 0.001) and there was a significant improvement in eight of the nine items in the vitamin D deficiency scale: depressed feeling (p < 0.001), irritability (p < 0.05), tiredness (p < 0.001), mood swings (p < 0.01), sleep difficulties (p < 0.01), weakness (p < 0.01), ability to concentrate (p < 0.05) and pain (p < 0.05). There was a significant amelioration of depression according to the MFQ‐S (p < 0.05).Conclusion:  This study showed low levels of vitamin D in 54 depressed adolescents, positive correlation between vitamin D and well‐being, and improved symptoms related to depression and vitamin D deficiency after vitamin D supplementation.
“Watchful waiting” for metastatic colorectal cancer, antediluvian or an option to be considered again?
Authors: PRICE Timothy J , TOWNSEND Amanda R , BEEKE Carol , BISHNOI Sarwan , PADBURY Robert , MADDERN Guy , KARAPETIS Christos S 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAim:  The role of chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is firmly established and the option of watchful waiting (WW) has become an alternative rarely considered. However, there may be a group of patients who are diagnosed with low volume and asymptomatic disease and who may be suitable for a WW plan.Methods:  From the South Australian Cancer Registry for mCRC we examined cancer characteristics and outcomes of patients who were suitable for chemotherapy but had their treatment delayed by more than 3 months from diagnosis of metastatic disease.Results:  Data from 417 mCRC patients who received chemotherapy as first intervention have been entered in the Registry to date and 38 (9.1%) had chemotherapy commencement delayed by more than 3 months from diagnosis. Their median age was 76.7 years (range 38–85). Overall 87% of patients had metachronous metastatic cancer with a median time to recurrence of 2.1 years (range 0.53–7.71) and 65.5% had single organ metastasis. Median delay from the diagnosis of metastatic disease to chemotherapy was 5.03 months (range 3–28). The median survival has yet to be reached. The 2‐year overall survival is 65%.Conclusion:  We found that almost 10% of all patients with mCRC had a delay in the initiation of chemotherapy, with most due to a WW approach based on case note review. Patients with a delay in chemotherapy initiation are more likely to have a single organ site of metastatic disease and are older than those who do not. Despite the treatment delay, there is no evidence of a negative impact on survival.
The role of magnetic resonance imaging in early breast cancer
Authors: SKANDARAJAH Anita R , MANN G Bruce 
Published: February 2012

AbstractDespite recent evidence that fails to detect a benefit in surgical and local recurrence outcomes in those who receive optimal surgery and adjuvant systemic and radiotherapy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is still being employed. We review the recent literature to clarify the role in the use of MRI in early breast cancer. A literature search using the Medline and Ovid databases was conducted between 2004 and 2011 using the terms “magnetic resonance imaging’ and ‘early breast cancer’. Only articles with clinical trials published in English in adult humans with available abstracts were included. Articles on high‐risk women, response to neoadjuvant therapy, advanced breast cancer, the occult primary, the contralateral breast and technical articles were excluded. Articles examining the role of MRI in the staging of early breast cancer were retained. Over 260 articles regarding breast MRI have been published in the last 5 years. Additional foci may be found in 16% of patients but the impact on the extent of surgery and local recurrence rate is yet to be defined. Certain sub‐groups who may benefit include those with invasive lobular carcinoma and mammographically dense breasts and those for consideration of partial breast irradiation. With standard adjuvant radiotherapy, there is no benefit in routine MRI with respect surgical extent and local recurrence. Should MRI be used, pre‐operative biopsy to confirm additional disease must be undertaken prior to a change in surgical extent of resection. However, MRI may be useful in the evaluation of those who can be considered for partial breast irradiation. Centres undertaking breast MRI must have MRI‐biopsy capabilities and constantly audit the reporting of MRI with correlation to the final pathology.
The relationship between cold‐hot nature and nutrient contents of foods
Authors: LIU Chunhong , SUN Yuanming , LI Yu , YANG Weixian , ZHANG Mingming , XIONG Chenlu , YANG Yichao 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAim:  All foods in Traditional Chinese Medicine are categorised into ‘the four natures’: cold, cool, warm and hot. The purpose of this paper is to examine the association between the nutrient content of these foods and their cold‐hot nature category.Methods:  For the purposes of this study, 284 foods were selected and grouped by their cold‐hot nature category. Twenty‐six nutrient content values for each food were derived from the China Food Composition database 2002.Results:  Ten nutrients were found to be associated with the cold‐hot nature category of foods. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, five nutrients correlated with the cold‐hot natures of foods. Large amounts of fat, carbohydrate and selenium were significantly associated with the hot nature of foods (P < 0.01) while the amount of iron and copper were significantly associated with the cold nature of foods (P < 0.05).Conclusion:  The results suggest that the nutrient contents of foods may be one of distinguishing factors for the categorisation of cold‐hot nature of foods.
The effects of fish or fish oil on the omega‐3 index
Authors: BRAZIONIS Laima , TING Eugene , ITSIOPOULOS Catherine , WILSON Andrew , HODGE Allison 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAim:  To compare the impact of recommended intakes of fish and fish oil supplements on the omega‐3 index and selected risk factors in patients with coronary heart disease.Methods:  A 12‐week crossover intervention comparing the impact of 1 g/day of long‐chain omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from fresh salmon or fish oil capsules on the omega‐3 index and cardiovascular risk factors. Eleven patients with coronary heart disease, recruited from St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, participated in the study.Results:  A decrease in blood pressure (>5 mmHg; P < 0.05) was observed after the fish but not the fish oil. The change in waist to hip ratio also favoured the fish intervention. Resting heart rate fell by a similar amount on both interventions, and the omega‐3 index increased significantly on both; from 6% to 7–8% (P < 0.01). Blood lipids did not improve on either arm.Conclusions:  In Australians with coronary heart disease, 1 g/day of long‐chain omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid from fish or supplements over 12 weeks was effective in increasing the omega‐3 index. Fish intake may have additional cardiovascular benefits beyond the omega‐3 effect as evidenced by the substantial blood pressure reduction following the fish arm warranting examination in a larger study.
Community health‐care planning in Western Australian Country Health Service‐South West: An evaluation of patient views
Authors: HUNT Emily , MOORE Jo‐Anne , SHERRIFF Jill 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAims:  To investigate community health patients' impressions of care planning and their relationship with allied health professionals in a rural town in Western Australia.Methods:  Focus groups were conducted followed by a survey to identify patients' opinions on care planning and their relationships with health professionals.Results:  Focus groups and a survey identified that patients generally had positive attitudes towards their experiences with community‐based allied health professionals. Participants identified some of the attributes that they valued in allied health professionals. Many participants (39%) believed that they had a partnership with the health professional and also valued having a shared decision‐making power with the health professional (46%); however, 17% identified that they would prefer the health professional to assume more of the decision‐making power.Conclusions:  More work is needed to create a health culture in which patients want to manage their own health and can develop a relationship with their health professional that allows them to achieve this.
Computerised dietary assessment interviews: Health professionals and patients' opinions about web communications
Authors: PROBST Yasmine C. , TAPSELL Linda C. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAim:  To describe the acceptance of DietAdvice, an automated dietary assessment website, by its stakeholders.Methods:  One‐month evaluation study using audio‐recorded telephone interviews with 10 patients who had used DietAdvice, 10 dietitians, 10 general practitioners who recruited many patients and 10 general practitioners who recruited few or no patients to the website to obtain their beliefs and opinions about DietAdvice, health, nutrition and technology. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed for categorical themes using NVivo software.Results:  Patients were concerned about Internet difficulties and had a preference for face‐to‐face interviews and dietitians felt that DietAdvice could save time prior to dietary education and counselling. Recruiting general practitioners believed that patient computer literacy was a limitation, although increased availability of dietary services created by DietAdvice. Non‐recruiting general practitioners felt that they had a lack of time available to recruit patients, patient computer literacy was limited and there was a need for face‐to‐face contact.Conclusion:  The perspectives of patients and health‐care providers show variation based on their experience with DietAdvice, their focus on nutrition and their role in the health‐care system. Automated technologies are likely to play a significant part in the future of dietetics.
Foreign Value‐added in China's Manufactured Exports: Implications for China's Trade Imbalance
Authors: Zhang Jun , Tang Dongbo , Zhan Yubo 
Published: February 2012

AbstractEconomists have recently become interested in weighting how much domestic value‐added is actually included in China's exports. Formally, the proportion of foreign and domestic contents could be identified by calculating the vertical specialization share using non‐competitive input‐output tables. Applying such a method to the Chinese case, however, would result in a big measurement bias because China has a large share of processing exports, which utilize a disproportionately high percentage of imported intermediates. This paper, by directly employing 2008 trade data for which imported intermediates in both processing and non‐processing trade could be identified by means of various trade patterns, provides a simplified way to estimate the share of foreign/domestic value‐added included in industry‐level manufactured exports. This paper finds that the vertical specialization share of China's processing exports was about 56 percent in 2008, compared to about 10 percent for ordinary exports. It also finds that the sectors that experienced fast expansion of processing exports have a much higher share of foreign contents. Since processing exports account for about half of Chinese exports, the prevailing trade statistics, which focus on gross values rather than the value‐added of exports and imports, has obviously overstated the bilateral trade imbalances, especially between China and the USA.
Dietary Agents in Cancer Prevention: An Immunological Perspective†
Authors: Zheng Ya Ying , Viswanathan Bharathi , Kesarwani Pravin , Mehrotra Shikhar 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSkin cancer is the most common form of cancer diagnosed in the United States. Exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiations is believed to be the primary cause for skin cancer. Excessive UV radiation can lead to genetic mutations and damage in the skin’s cellular DNA that in turn can lead to skin cancer. Lately, chemoprevention by administering naturally occurring non‐toxic dietary compounds has proven to be a potential strategy to prevent the occurrence of tumors. Attention has been drawn toward several natural dietary agents such as resveratrol, one of the major components found in grapes, red wines, berries and peanuts, proanthocyanidins from grape seeds, (−)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate from green tea, etc. However, the effect these dietary agents have on the immune system and the immunological mechanisms involved therein are still being explored. In this review, we shall focus on the role of key chemopreventive agents on various immune cells and discuss their potential as antitumor agents with an immunological perspective.
670 nm Red Light Preconditioning Supports Müller Cell Function: Evidence from the White Light‐induced Damage Model in the Rat Retina†
Authors: Albarracin Rizalyn , Valter Krisztina 
Published: February 2012

AbstractGlial cells play an important role in the maintenance of normal structure and function of the neural components of the central nervous system. The Müller cells are one of the macroglial elements in the retina and their wide‐ranging roles are responsible for the protection and proper functioning of the photoreceptors. In the present study, we aimed to test the effects of pretreatment with 670 nm red light on Müller cells in the light‐induced model of retinal degeneration. Adult Sprague–Dawley albino rats were treated with 670 nm red light, from an LED source prior to exposure to bright (1000 lux) continuous light for 24 h. Müller cell‐specific markers were used to assess structural and functional changes in this cell type 1 week after contact with damaging light. Changes in gene (Edn2, LIF, TNF‐α) and protein (S100β, Vimentin, LIF, iNOS, GS, Cyclin‐D1) levels and localization were evaluated using RT‐qPCR, and immunohistochemistry. Our results showed that 670 nm light pretreatment ameliorates the light‐induced alterations in the expression of Müller‐cell specific markers for structure, stress, metabolism and inflammation. This suggests that 670 nm light preconditioning may promote neuroprotective effects in the retina from light‐induced damage, possibly through pathways regulating the roles of Müller cells in maintaining retinal homeostasis.
Facial affect recognition and schizotypal personality characteristics
Authors: Abbott Gavin R. , Green Melissa J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAim: Deficits in facial affect recognition are well established in schizophrenia, yet relatively little research has examined facial affect recognition in hypothetically psychosis‐prone or ‘schizotypal’ individuals. Those studies that have examined social cognition in psychosis‐prone individuals have paid little attention to the association between facial emotion recognition and particular schizotypal personality features. The present study therefore sought to investigate relationships between facial emotion recognition and the different aspects of schizotypy.Methods: Facial affect recognition accuracy was examined in 50 psychiatrically healthy individuals assessed for level of schizotypy using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. This instrument provides a multidimensional measure of schizophrenia proneness, encompassing ‘cognitive‐perceptual’, ‘interpersonal’ and ‘disorganized’ features of schizotypy. It was hypothesized that the cognitive‐perceptual and interpersonal aspects of schizotypy would be associated with difficulties identifying facial expressions of emotion during a forced‐choice recognition task using a standardized series of colour photographs.Results: As predicted, interpersonal aspects of schizotypy (particularly social anxiety) were associated with reduced accuracy on the facial affect recognition task, but there was no association between affect recognition accuracy and cognitive‐perceptual features of schizotypy.Conclusions: These results suggest that subtle deficits in facial affect recognition in otherwise psychiatrically healthy individuals may be related to the vulnerability for interpersonal communication difficulties, as seen in schizophrenia.
Dimensioning the Sine‐Generated Curve Meander Geometry1
Authors: Mecklenburg Daniel E. , Jayakaran Anand D. 
Published: February 2012

Mecklenburg, Daniel E. and Anand D. Jayakaran, 2012. Dimensioning the Sine‐Generated Curve Meander Geometry. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(3): 635‐642. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2012.00638.xAbstract:  The sine‐generated curve (SGC) presented by Langbein and Leopold (1966) is widely acknowledged as an idealized description of river meander form. However, as originally presented, the SGC application to the field, laboratory, or models is not a trivial task. The SGC function simply provides the direction of the flow path as its rate of change continually varies from most gradual at the crossover to most rapid at the apex of bends. Although the commonly used dimensions of meander length, stream length per meander, sinuosity, and amplitude have been approximated previously, this technical note precisely defines these dimensions by solving the integrals of the sine and cosine of the SGC function. This is performed using integral representations of the Bessel and Struve functions for the zero order and their power‐series expansions. Higher precision offered by this technique will be of particular value to modeling and flume‐based studies where better conformity to the SGC is necessary. The note goes on to present two simple line and arc patterns optimally fit to the SGC as simplified yet more precise methods for practical design in river restoration schemes. Equations are presented defining the geometry of the arc and line pattern and relating meander length, amplitude, radius of curvature, and sinuosity.
Urban Impacts on Streams are Scale‐Dependent With Nonlinear Influences on Their Physical and Biotic Recovery in Vermont, United States1
Authors: Fitzgerald Evan P. , Bowden William B. , Parker Samuel P. , Kline Michael L. 
Published: February 2012

Fitzgerald, Evan P., William B. Bowden, Samuel P. Parker, and Michael L. Kline, 2012. Urban Impacts on Streams Are Scale‐Dependent with Nonlinear Influences on Their Physical and Biotic Recovery in Vermont, United States. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(4): 679‐697. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2012.00639.xAbstract:  The physical and biological conditions of stream reaches in 16 watersheds within the Lake Champlain Basin of Vermont, United States, were assessed and analyzed for a response to total impervious area (TIA) at multiple spatial scales. Natural gradients (e.g., channel slope) and human impacts to channel boundary conditions (e.g., bank armoring) were considered to ensure a robust test of the Impervious Cover Model for upslope TIA. The response of geomorphic stability and sensitive macroinvertebrates to TIA was nonlinear and significant (p < 0.001), decreasing rapidly at 5% TIA. The effect of urbanization on stream condition was shown to interact significantly with drainage area and channel slope using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) (p < 0.05). Hydraulic geometry regressions for urban and rural watersheds and ANCOVA were used to describe a significant watershed scale‐dependent response of channel width to urbanization (p = 0.001). The analysis of macroinvertebrate data from reaches in different stages of channel evolution indicated that stable reaches supported greater richness of pollution intolerant species (p < 0.001) and overall taxa richness (p < 0.01) than unstable reaches, and that biotic integrity improves as channels regain stability during their evolution into a state of quasi‐equilibrium. We conclude that macroinvertebrate communities can respond positively to channel evolution processes leading to natural channel restabilization.
Karst Hydrological Processes and Grey System Model1
Authors: Hao Yonghong , Zhao Jiaojuan , Li Huamin , Cao Bibo , Li Zhongtang , Yeh Tian‐Chyi J. 
Published: February 2012

Hao, Yonghong, Jiaojuan Zhao, Huamin Li, Bibo Cao, Zhongtang Li, and Tian‐Chyi J. Yeh, 2012. Karst Hydrological Processes and Grey System Model. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(4): 656‐666. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2012.00640.xAbstract:  The karst hydrological processes are the response of karst groundwater system to precipitation. This study provided a concept model of karst hydrological processes. The hydraulic response time of spring discharge to precipitation includes the time that precipitation penetrates through the vadose zone, and the subsequent groundwater pressure wave propagates to a spring outlet. Due to heterogeneities in karst aquifers, the hydraulic response time is different in different areas. By using grey system theory, we proposed a karst hydrological model that offers a calculation of hydraulic response time, and a response model of spring discharge to precipitation. Then, we applied the models to the Liulin Springs Basin, China. In the south part of the Liulin Springs Basin, where large fields of carbonate rocks outcrop with intensive karstification, the hydraulic response time is one year. In the north, where the Ordovician karst aquifer is covered by Quaternary loess sediments, the response time is seven years. The grey system GM(1,3) response model of spring discharge to precipitation was applied in consideration of the hydraulic response time. The model calibration showed that the average error was 6.55%, and validation showed that the average error was 12.19%.