bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acupuncture Inhibits GABA Neuron Activity in the Ventral Tegmental Area and Reduces Ethanol Self‐Administration
Authors: Yang Chae Ha , Yoon Seong Shoon , Hansen David M. , Wilcox Jeffrey D. , Blumell Bryan R. , Park Jung Jae , Steffensen Scott C. 
Published: September 2010

Background: Withdrawal from chronic ethanol enhances ventral tegmental area (VTA) GABA neuron excitability and reduces mesolimbic dopamine (DA) neurotransmission, which is suppressed by acupuncture at Shenmen (HT7) points (Zhao et al., 2006). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of HT7 acupuncture on VTA GABA neuron excitability, ethanol inhibition of VTA GABA neuron firing rate, and ethanol self‐administration. A role for opioid receptors (ORs) in ethanol and acupuncture effects is also explored.Methods: Using electrophysiological methods in mature rats, we evaluated the effects of HT7 stimulation and opioid antagonists on VTA GABA neuron firing rate. Using behavioral paradigms in rats, we evaluated the effects of HT7 stimulation and opioid antagonists on ethanol self‐administration using a modification of the sucrose‐fading procedure.Results: HT7 stimulation produced a biphasic modulation of VTA GABA neuron firing rate characterized by transient enhancement followed by inhibition and subsequent recovery in 5 minutes. HT7 inhibition of VTA GABA neuron firing rate was blocked by systemic administration of the nonselective μ‐opioid receptor antagonist naloxone. HT7 stimulation significantly reduced ethanol suppression of VTA GABA neuron firing rate, which was also blocked by naloxone. HT7 acupuncture reduced ethanol self‐administration without affecting sucrose consumption. Systemic administration of the δ‐opioid receptor (DOR) antagonist naltrindole blocked ethanol suppression of VTA GABA neuron firing rate and significantly reduced ethanol self‐administration without affecting sucrose consumption.Conclusions: These findings suggest that DOR‐mediated opioid modulation of VTA GABA neurons may mediate acupuncture’s role in modulating mesolimbic DA release and suppressing the reinforcing effects of ethanol.
Increase in Alcohol Intake, Reduced Flexibility of Alcohol Drinking, and Evidence of Signs of Alcohol Intoxication in Sardinian Alcohol‐Preferring Rats Exposed to Intermittent Access to 20% Alcohol
Authors: Loi Barbara , Lobina Carla , Maccioni Paola , Fantini Noemi , Carai Mauro A. M. , Gessa Gian Luigi , Colombo Giancarlo 
Published: September 2010

Background:  This study assessed in Sardinian alcohol‐preferring (sP) rats a procedure known to promote alcohol drinking and based on the intermittent (once every other day) access to 2 bottles containing alcohol (20%, v/v) and water, respectively (Wise, 1973).Methods:  To this end, sP rats were exposed – under the 2‐bottle choice regimen – to: (i) 10% (v/v) alcohol with continuous access (CA10%; i.e., the procedure under which sP rats had been selectively bred); (ii) 10% (v/v) alcohol with intermittent access (IA10%); (iii) 20% (v/v) alcohol with continuous access (CA20%); (iv) 20% (v/v) alcohol with intermittent access (IA20%; the “Wise” condition) (Experiment 1). Additional experiments assessed the influence of (i) adulteration with quinine of the alcohol solution (Experiment 2) and (ii) concurrent presentation of a saccharin solution (Experiment 3) on alcohol drinking under the CA10% and IA20% conditions. Finally, it was assessed whether alcohol drinking under the CA10% and IA20% conditions resulted in motor incoordination at the Rota‐Rod task, as a possible sign of alcohol intoxication (Experiment 4).Results:  Daily alcohol intake markedly escalated in rats exposed to the IA20% condition, averaging 9.0 g/kg (in comparison with the average intake of 6.5 g/kg in the CA10% rat group). CA20% and IA10% rats displayed intermediate values of daily alcohol intake between those of CA10% and IA20% rats. Alcohol intake was virtually abolished by addition of quinine or by concurrent presentation of the saccharin solution in CA10% rats; conversely, alcohol intake in IA20% rats was only partially affected by gustatory aversion or concurrent presentation of an alternative reinforcer. Finally, alcohol intake in IA20%, but not in CA10%, rats resulted in clear motor‐incoordinating effects.Conclusions:  These data suggest that the “Wise” procedure is effective in inducing marked increases in alcohol intake in sP rats. These increases are associated with a reduced flexibility of alcohol drinking (suggesting the development of “behavioral” dependence) and produce signs of alcohol intoxication that are not detected when sP rats are exposed to the more conventional CA10% condition.
Immediate Mandibular Reconstruction of a 5 cm Defect Using rhBMP‐2 After Partial Mandibulectomy in a Dog
Authors: SPECTOR DANIEL I. , KEATING JOHN H. , BOUDRIEAU RANDY J. 
Published: September 2010

Objective—To report treatment of a complex odontoma of the mandible by partial mandibulectomy and immediate surgical reconstruction using bridging plate fixation with a synthetic graft.Study Design—Clinical case report.Animals—A 4‐year‐old male castrated cocker spaniel.Methods—Immediate reconstruction of the left mandible (5 cm gap) was performed after complete excision of a complex odontoma. Locking plate fixation was applied immediately before complete excision of the mass. Fixation was removed, then after partial mandibulectomy, including all abnormal tissue, restored to achieve occlusion. The resulting mandibular defect was filled with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2) delivered in an absorbable collagen sponge containing hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate granules (compression resistant matrix [CRM]).Results—New bone growth was evident radiographically and on palpation at 3 months. Bony remodeling was evident during follow‐up examinations up to 26 months. Bone collected by biopsy at the graft site at 7 months had robust new bone formation and evidence of continued remodeling. Only minor complications (repeated intraoral plate exposure) were encountered postoperatively and were easily resolved.Conclusions—An osteoinductive factor (rhBMP‐2/CRM) was successfully used as a graft substitute in immediate reconstruction of a large mandibular defect.Clinical Relevance—Immediate reconstruction of large mandibular defects with osteoinductive materials as a graft substitute may be a viable alternative to partial mandibular resection or radiation therapy for benign odontogenic tumors in dogs.
Fertility and Complications After Fetotomy in 20 Brood Mares (2001–2006)
Authors: NIMMO MATTHEW R. , SLONE DONNIE E. , HUGHES FAITH E. , LYNCH TIMOTHY M. , CLARK CAROL K. 
Published: September 2010

Objective— To report fertility (foals conceived, live foal births) of mares after partial fetotomy to resolve dystocia and complications associated with fetotomy.Study Design— Retrospective study.Animals— Horses (n=20).Methods— Medical records (2001–2006) of mares that had partial fetotomy (1–3 cuts) for dystocia were reviewed. Complications and subsequent fertility were obtained by interview and live foal data were recorded by the Jockey Club. Postfetotomy conception and live foals produced over 21 breeding seasons (defined as years each mare was bred regardless of conception) were recorded.Results— Twenty mares were identified. Bilateral carpal flexion alone (3 mares) or in combination with another deformity (7 mares) was the most common presentation for dystocia. From 2001 to 2006, there were 24 breeding seasons for which 20 mares conceived (83%). Eighteen mares conceived before 2006 and all produced live foals. Three mares were bred in 2006; 2 became pregnant, 1 was electively aborted, and 1 is pregnant. Eight of 19 (42%) mares had retained placenta, which were expelled within 24 hours after medical therapy.Conclusion— Partial fetotomy performed with 1–3 cuts does not impede a successful reproductive future.Clinical Relevance— In selected equine dystocia cases, partial fetotomy should be given primary consideration when the foal is dead and vaginal delivery cannot be readily achieved. Fetotomy should not adversely affect the future fertility of the mare.
Use of a Four Pin and Methylmethacrylate Fixation in L7 and the Iliac Body to Stabilize Lumbosacral Fracture–Luxations: A Clinical and Anatomic Study
Authors: WEH J. MICHEAL , KRAUS KARL H. 
Published: September 2010

Objectives—To describe the clinical outcome of a 4 pin lumbosacral fixation technique for lumbosacral fracture–luxations, and to refine placement technique for iliac pins based on canine cadaver studies.Study Design—Retrospective and anatomic study.Sample Population—Dogs (n=5) with lumbosacral fracture‐luxations and 8 cadaveric canine pelvi.Methods—Lumbosacral fracture–luxations were stabilized with a 4 pin (positive‐profile threaded) and bone cement fixation. Caudal pins were inserted in the iliac body and cranial pins were inserted into the L7 or L6 pedicle and body. Follow‐up examinations and radiographs were performed to assess patient outcome. Intramedullary pins were inserted into the iliac bodies of 8 cadaver pelvi. Radiographs were taken to measure pin insertion angles and define ideal insertion angles that would maximize pin purchase in the ilium.Results—Follow‐up neurologic examination was normal in 4 dogs. Radiographic healing of the fracture was evident in 5 dogs. One implant failure occurred but did not require re‐operation. For cadaver iliac pins, mean craniocaudal insertion angle was 29° and mean lateromedial insertion angle was 20°.Conclusions—Four pin and bone cement fixation effectively stabilizes lumbosacral fracture luxations. The iliac body provides ample bone stock, which can be maximized using an average craniocaudal pin trajectory of 29° and an average lateromedial pin trajectory of 20°.Clinical Relevance—Lumbosacral fracture–luxations can be stabilized with 4 pin and bone cement fixation in the lumbar vertebrae and iliac body, using 29 and 20° as guidelines for the craniocaudal and lateromedial pin insertion angles in the ilium.
Congenital Branchial Apparatus Malformation in a Haflinger Colt
Authors: DAVID FLORENT , SAVARD CLAUDINE , DROLET RICHARD , ALEXANDER KATE , PANG DANIEL S. J. , LAVERTY SHEILA 
Published: September 2010

Objective—To report the diagnosis and treatment of a branchial apparatus anomaly (BAA) associated with a mandibular malformation in a foal.Design—Clinical report.Animal—Haflinger foal.Methods—A 6‐day‐old foal had a fluctuating cystic mass in the pharyngeal (throatlatch) region, which changed in appearance after ingestion of milk. Upper airway endoscopy and diagnostic imaging (ultrasonography, radiography, computed tomography) permitted identification of the anatomic location of a communicating tract between the lumen of the cystic mass and the pharynx. The mass was surgically removed and communication with the pharynx ligated. Histologic appearance of this mass was consistent with a branchial cyst or sinus. The mandibular malformation was managed conservatively.Results—Surgical resection of a third branchial sinus resulted in an excellent functional and cosmetic outcome. There was no evidence of any mandibular deformity 2 years later.Conclusion—BAA may induce secondary mandibular deformation in utero and may cause respiratory compromise postpartum. Careful surgical dissection and removal of BAA resulted in an excellent outcome.Clinical Relevance—BAAs should be included in the differential diagnosis of a throatlatch region mass in equine neonates. Complete surgical excision is recommended and full recovery of any associated mandibular deformity may be anticipated without additional treatment in very young patients.
Complications After Orthopedic Surgery in Alpacas and Llamas: 24 Cases (2000–2006)
Authors: SEMEVOLOS STACY A. , HUBER MICHAEL J. , PARKER JILL E. , REED SHANNON K. 
Published: September 2010

Objective—To report complications associated with orthopedic surgery in alpacas and llamas.Study Design—Retrospective study.Animals—Alpacas (n=18) and llamas (n=6) that orthopedic surgery using internal or external fixation.Methods—Medical records (January 2000–December 2006) and radiographs were reviewed and owners contacted for follow‐up information for alpacas and llamas that had orthopedic surgery involving internal or external fixation. Fourteen camelids had internal fixation, 7 had external fixation, and 3 had a combination of internal and external fixation.Results—Twenty‐two animals (92%) were discharged after surgery (mean hospitalization, 15 days). Of 20 animals with ≥1 year follow‐up information, 18 were alive (82%). Postoperative complications related to fracture healing, infection, soft tissue structures, or joints occurred in 21 camelids (87%). Thirteen animals returned to their intended use, 4 animals returned to breeding but not their intended use, 4 were euthanatized, and 3 were only able to be used as pets.Conclusions—Fixation type (internal, external) did not have any significant effect on complications involving fracture healing, infection, soft tissue structures, or chronic lameness. Camelids with open fractures were more likely to have complications associated with fracture healing, repair, and infection than closed fractures.Clinical Relevance—Complications after orthopedic surgery in alpacas and llamas are more common than previously reported and may result in chronic lameness or prevent return to their intended use.
Mammary Tumor Recurrence in Bitches After Regional Mastectomy
Authors: STRATMANN NINA , FAILING KLAUS , RICHTER ANDREAS , WEHREND AXEL 
Published: September 2010

Objectives—To investigate the histologic diagnosis and incidence of new mammary tumor growth in the remaining mammary chain tissue after regional mastectomy.Study Design—Prospective clinical study.Animals—Female dogs (n=99) that had excision of a single mammary tumor.Methods—Female dogs that had regional mastectomy to remove a single tumor were followed for ≥1 year postoperatively. Data regarding tumor type, tumor recurrence, and development of metastasis were recorded.Results—Fifty‐seven (58%) dogs developed a new tumor in the ipsilateral mammary chain after the 1st surgery; 77% had repeat surgery. There was no significant correlation between the time to new tumor development and the histologic diagnosis for the 1st and 2nd tumor types. In 31 dogs, the histologic diagnosis for initial and subsequent tumors was identical and there was a significant correlation such that dogs with an initial malignant tumor are likely to develop another malignant tumor (P=.0089). The histologic classification of the new tumor was likely to be malignant if it was located close to the side where the initial tumor had been removed (P=.026).Conclusions—Our results show that 58% of dogs developed a new tumor in the remaining mammary glands of the ipsilateral chain after regional mastectomy for removal of a single tumor.Clinical Relevance—This should be taken into account when deciding on the surgical management (radical or regional mastectomy) in dogs with single mammary tumors.
Soy infant formula: is it that bad?
Authors: Vandenplas Yvan , De Greef Elisabeth , Devreker Thierry , Hauser Bruno 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe objective of this study is to review the indications of soy infant formula (SIF). Structured review of publications is made available through standard search engines (Pubmed,…). The medical indications for SIF are limited to galactosaemia and hereditary lactase deficiency. In the treatment of cow’s milk allergy, SIF is used for economic reasons, as extensive hydrolysates are expensive. SIF is dissuaded mainly because of its phytooestrogen content. Isoflavone serum levels are much higher in SIF‐fed infants than in breastfed or cow milk formula–fed infants. Administration of pure isoflavones to animals causes decreased fertility, but clinically relevant adverse effects of SIF in infants are not reported.Conclusion: Soy infant formula remains an option for feeding of term born infants if breastfeeding is not possible and if standard infant formula is not tolerated.
Association of sleep duration with socio‐economic status and behavioural problems among schoolchildren
Authors: Arman Ayse Rodopman , Ay Pinar , Fis Nese Perdahli , Ersu Refika , Topuzoglu Ahmet , Isik Ugur , Berkem Meral 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAim:  In this population‐based study, we aimed to determine the total sleep duration (TSD), its association with socio‐economic status (SES) and behavioural symptoms among schoolchildren.Methods:  A cross‐sectional study was performed among schoolchildren in Istanbul. A structured questionnaire evaluating the sleep schedule variables was filled out by their parents. SES was determined according to the Turkish SES scale.Results: The mean age of 2669 children was 8.2 ± 2.4 years, and 51% of the students were girls. The mean TSD was 10.20 ± 1.04, and the mean bedtime was 21.57 ± 0.56 (both in hours, minutes ± SD). Boys tended to go bed later (p = 0.004) and slept less than girls (p = 0.02). The duration of sleep disruptions increased (p < 0.001), whereas TSD decreased with age (p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression revealed that waking time and TSD decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with higher SES among both girls and boys. Sleep fragmentation was associated with habitual snoring, parasomnias, daytime sleepiness and conduct symptoms.Conclusion:  Decreased total sleep duration is more prominent in boys, older children and children among higher socio‐economic status. Insufficient sleep attributed to shortened total sleep duration by age and higher socio‐economic status might have a negative effect on both sleep hygiene and psychological well‐being in schoolchildren.
IgG1 SUBCLASS PROTEIN WITH THE GENETIC Gm MARKERS Gm(z + non‐a +): ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF INTRAGENIC HYBRIDIZATION AMONG IgG SUBCLASS GENES
Authors: Natvig J. B. , Michaelsen T. E. , Gedde‐Dahl, Jr T. , Fischer T. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYA new type of Gm genetic marker combination in an IgG1 immunoglobulin, Gm(z) together with a non‐a marker, is here described. This indicates the presence of a new gene, Gmz,non‐a, which most likely originated on the basis of an intragenic recombination at the IgG1 cistron. Immunochemical and immunogenetic studies showed that no other IgG1 Gm markers were expressed by the unusual gene, and there was no evidence for deletions or duplications at the IgG1 cistron.
THE GENETIC BASIS OF THE GENERATION OF EFFECTOR CAPACITY FOR CELL MEDIATED LYMPHOLYSIS IN MICE
Authors: Festenstein Hilliard , Abbasi Kudsia , Demant Peter 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYThe cell mediated lympholysis (CML) test is normally carried out in 2 steps–first, the lymphoid cells are allowed to interact in mixed allo‐culture (MLC) and secondly, they are reacted against chromium labelled phytohaemagglutinin transformed lymphoblast cells, carrying the appropriate target allo‐determinants. The genetic control of target structures has already been localized to the H‐2D and H‐2K regions of the H‐2 gene complex, but the genetic basis of the generation of effector capacity is not understood and is the subject of this report; the suggestion that there is a separate genetic basis came from the observation that H‐2D and/or H‐2K region incompatibility alone was insufficient for CML to occur and that incompatibility at the Ir‐Ss‐Slp regions of the H‐2 complex was also required. In the Ir region also reside the genetic control for the strong lymphocyte activating determinants (LAD) of the H‐2 gene complex and it was thought possible that they might also be responsible for activating the effector cells for CML.The genetic experiments were done with congenic resistant and recombinant mouse strains, so it was possible to study in relative isolation, and in selected combinations which of the various defined regions of the H‐2 gene complex control the initiation of effector capacity in CML.Five day,‘one‐way’(parent‐F1) mixed lymphocyte cultures–incompatible only for defined regions of the H‐2 gene complex were reacted with 51Cr‐labelled PHA blast cells and the specific chromium release was calculated.The results give evidence for a separate but closely linked genetic control for the effector cell stimulating (ECS) and LAD functions. The ECS genes map between the LAD and Ss‐Slp genes of the H‐2 complex.
THE ASSOCIATION OF THE HUMAN HISTOCOMPATIBILITY SYSTEM WITH HODGKIN'S DISEASE
Authors: Falk Judy A. , Osoba David 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYVariation in the ability of the host to respond to disease has been recognized but the mechanisms have not been defined. Recent studies suggest a genetic control of the immune response and of the susceptibility or resistance to oncogenic viruses linked to the major histocompatibility locus. Thus histocompatibility‐linked genetic control of the immune response might play an important role in determining resistance or susceptibility in disease states. The known gene products of the major histocompatibility autosomal region in humans can be detected by serological and by functional assays.In this prospective study of 115 patients with Hodgkin's disease we have related the serologically detectable gene products, the HL‐A antigens, to the course of the disease. The antigens A3 and A11 were decreased in the seventy‐nine patients in whom the disease had been present for less than 1 year. The antigen A8 occurred in normal frequency in the patients with recent onset of the disease but was significantly increased in the thirty‐six patients who had survived with the disease for longer than 5 years. Both observations are compatible with an ability to resist the disease; that is, either resistance to the onset of the disease or improved survival once the disease has developed.
SPECULATIONS ON THE FUNCTION OF IMMUNE RESPONSE GENES
Authors: Marchalonis John J. , Morris Peter J. , Harris Alan W. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYImmune response (Ir) genes linked to genes encoding histocompatibility antigens affect antibody‐formation to synthetic polypeptides, weak native antigens and strong native protein antigens given in limiting doses. It has been proposed that the products of such Ir genes function as receptors for antigen on thymus‐derived lymphocytes (T‐cells) and these products are not immunoglobulin in nature. Ho wever, recent evidence indicates that (a) Ir genes are probably expressed in both T‐cells and in bone‐marrow‐derived lymphocytes (B‐cells); (b) IgM immunoglobulin is present on T‐cells and functions in the binding of antigen, and (c) T‐cells of nonresponder animals possess the capacity to recognize antigen. These results prompted us to consider alternative hypotheses for the function of Ir genes; namely (1)‘tolerance’hypotheses in which response is dominant over non‐response, and (2) the possibility that the Ir gene product can act as an amplifier of T‐cell function. These hypotheses are discussed within the context of murine studies and in relation to the association of human diseases, notably immunopathic phenomena, with HL‐A.
OBTENTION OF HISTOCOMPATIBLE STRAINS IN THE URODELE AMPHIBIAN PLEURODELES WALTLII MICHAH. (SALAMANDRIDAE)
Authors: Charlemagne J. , Tournefier Annick 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYHistocompatibility antigens have been studied by skin grafting in three successive generations of the Urodele Pleurodeles waltlii Michah. Starting from a brother‐sister pair of animals (F1) mutually tolerant, the descendence obtained in F2 is composed of three types of animals called A/A, A/B, B/B according to their mutual capacity for tolerance or rejection. The three types are numerically divided according to the mendelian proportions of monohybridism, that is 25 % of A/A, 50% of A/B and 25% of B/B. All the descendants (F3) born of homozygote parents A/A or B/B are homozygote. The descendants (F3) born of heterozygote parents A/B are composed of type A/A, A/B and B/B animals in mendelian proportions of mono‐hybridism. The presence of histocompatibility antigens A and B would be determined by a pair of dominant alleles which are on a locus carried by the same pair of chromosomes.