bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solvent-Type and -Ratio Impacts on Solvent-Aided SAGD Process
Authors: Li Weiqiang , Mamora Daulat D. , Li Yamin 
Published: May 2011

Summary
Coinjecting solvent with steam under a steam-assisted-gravity-drainage (SAGD) process to reduce the required steam for production has gained importance in recent years. An extensive 2D simulation study to better understand the drainage mechanism of steam-with-solvent coinjection in the SAGD process shows that the condensation time difference of solvent and steam results in different films of gas solvent, liquid solvent, and water along the fluid interface. There is an optimal solvent-type and -concentration-ratio range for a particular reservoir and operating condition. Coinjecting the solvent at low concentration ratios can take advantage of the solvent dilution effect without losing too much heat effect from steam. In addition, this study indicates coinjection of suitable solvent mixtures may lead to better performance than injection of pure solvent in the field.
Expandable Completion Liners: A Comparison Of Performance With Other Completion Types In The Reg and Teguentour Fields, Algeria.
Authors: Mason David , Benaichaoui Farouk , John Huw , Okwelegbe Mark , Moum Terje , Harneshaug Tom , Morgan Quentin , Jones Colin , Neumann Juergen 
Published: May 2011

Summary
Four expandable completion liners (ECLs) have been run in Algeria in two fields—these are the first fully compliant ECLs in Algeria, the first worldwide in gas wells, and the first worldwide in multilateral wells (from Weatherford database). This paper presents the first detailed benchmark study of ECL performance.
All systems to date have been run in 8½-in. hole using 5½-in. base-pipe ECL compliantly expanded, and the installations went well. It has been possible to compare ECL performance data against a comprehensive surveillance data set for the two fields where data from existing openhole completions allow meaningful comparisons. The other completions consist largely of slotted liners and some barefoot completions. The tested production rates in each of the wells have been high relative to normal field trends; however, the predominant factor in this is the reservoir character. Pressure-buildup (PBU) analysis indicates that the second well has reduced Darcy skin, while it is considered unproved in the first well (more data over time are needed). There is, however, consistent evidence for a reduction in the rate-dependent proportion of total skin in both wells. This is supported by other studies and a consideration of basic principles.
The reduction in the rate-dependent proportion of skin has given an increase in production rate of 5–20% as compared with the computed rate from a slotted liner. This difference assumes no borehole collapse, with analyses and discussion presented of the effect on well performance should borehole collapse occur.
The joint venture (JV) is investigating the further use of this technology in smaller hole sizes and possibly in conjunction with fracture stimulation
Deepwater Frac-Pack Maximum Treating Pressure Limits, An Examination Using BottomHole Pressure Gauges
Authors: Lizak Ken , Hinnant Chuck 
Published: May 2011

Summary
During frac-pack treatments, completion hardware is often subject to extreme differential pressures. This is especially true during early screenouts where the large hydrostatic differentials can suddenly be placed on the completion components, resulting in a high risk of collapse. Deep wells and completion-tool configuration can limit supporting pressures for these tools.
To prevent damage to completion hardware such as crossover tools, fluid-loss devices, and blank pipe, the maximum surface treating pressure has been limited to a calculated Pmax (Jannise and Edwards 2007). Conventionally, the reservoir pressure was used as the internal supporting pressure in these calculations. Using the reservoir pressure to calculate the Pmax results in a worst-case pressure limit that prevents collapse in virtually any job. However, today many frac-pack treatments are being performed in low-pressure, subhydrostatic reservoirs. Many of these jobs could not be placed using just reservoir pressure for support, even when using high-strength, completion hardware materials.
By analyzing a significant number of actual jobs, it was determined that the current standard equations are too conservative when compared to actual treating results. By using less conservative, modified equations, numerous additional wells have been completed with frac-pack technology. This paper studies a number of these successful frac-pack jobs that could not have been performed using the standard Pmax equation and safety factors. Postjob bottomhole-gauge data are examined to determine the true differential pressures and verify the accuracy of the assumptions that are used in the modified Pmax calculation, which provides valuable insight and recommendations for tool design, fluid properties, and maximum-pressure limitations for frac-pack completions.
Ramsey-like cardinals
Authors: Gitman Victoria 
Published: May 2011

AbstractOne of the numerous characterizations of a Ramsey cardinal κ involves the existence of certain types of elementary embeddings for transitive sets of size κ satisfying a large fragment of ZFC. We introduce new large cardinal axioms generalizing the Ramsey elementary embeddings characterization and show that they form a natural hierarchy between weakly compact cardinals and measurable cardinals. These new axioms serve to further our knowledge about the elementary embedding properties of smaller large cardinals, in particular those still consistent with V = L.
Hypermachines
Authors: Friedman Sy-David , Welch P. D. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe Infinite Time Turing Machine model [8] of Hamkins and Kidder is, in an essential sense, a “Σ2-machine” in that it uses a Σ2Liminf Rule to determine cell values at limit stages of time. We give a generalisation of these machines with an appropriate Σn rule. Such machines either halt or enter an infinite loop by stage , again generalising precisely the ITTM case.The collection of such machines taken together computes precisely those reals of the least model of analysis.
Ordering Renewable Resources: Groundwater, Recycling, and Desalination
Authors: Roumasset James , Wada Christopher A 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Optimal recycling of minerals can be thought of as an integral part of the theory of the mine. In this paper, we consider the role that wastewater recycling plays in the optimal extraction of groundwater, a renewable resource. We develop a two-sector dynamic optimization model to solve for the optimal trajectories of groundwater extraction and water recycling. For the case of spatially increasing recycling costs, recycled water serves as a supplemental resource in transition to the steady state. For constant unit recycling cost, recycled wastewater is eventually used as a sector-specific backstop for agricultural users, while desalination supplements household groundwater in the steady state. In both cases, recycling water increases welfare by shifting demand away from the aquifer, thus delaying implementation of costly desalination. The model provides guidance on when and how much to develop resource alternatives.
One-Year Results of a Community-Based Translation of the Diabetes Prevention Program
Authors: Katula Jeffrey A. , Vitolins Mara Z. , Rosenberger Erica L. , Blackwell Caroline S. , Morgan Timothy M. , Lawlor Michael S. , Goff David C. 
Published: May 2011

OBJECTIVEAlthough the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) and the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (FDPS) demonstrated that weight loss from lifestyle change reduces type 2 diabetes incidence in patients with prediabetes, the translation into community settings has been difficult. The objective of this study is to report the first-year results of a community-based translation of the DPP lifestyle weight loss (LWL) intervention on fasting glucose, insulin resistance, and adiposity.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe randomly assigned 301 overweight and obese volunteers (BMI 25–40 kg/m2) with fasting blood glucose values between 95 and 125 mg/dL to a group-based translation of the DPP LWL intervention administered through a diabetes education program (DEP) and delivered by community health workers (CHWs) or to an enhanced usual-care condition. CHWs were volunteers with well-controlled type 2 diabetes. A total of 42.5% of participants were male, mean age was 57.9 years, 26% were of a race/ethnicity other than white, and 80% reported having an education beyond high school. The primary outcome is mean fasting glucose over 12 months of follow-up, adjusting for baseline glucose.RESULTSCompared with usual-care participants, LWL intervention participants experienced significantly greater decreases in blood glucose (−4.3 vs. −0.4 mg/dL; P &lt; 0.001), insulin (−6.5 vs. −2.7 μU/mL; P &lt; 0.001), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (−1.9 vs. −0.8; P &lt; 0.001), weight (−7.1 vs. −1.4 kg; P &lt; 0.001), BMI (−2.1 vs. −0.3 kg/m2; P &lt; 0.001), and waist circumference (−5.9 vs. −0.8 cm; P &lt; 0.001).CONCLUSIONSThis translation of the DPP intervention conducted in community settings, administered through a DEP, and delivered by CHWs holds great promise for the prevention of diabetes by significantly decreasing glucose, insulin, and adiposity.
Trimester dependent preterm births in pregnancy with genital herpes
Authors: Bánhidy Ferenc , Dudás István , Czeizel Andrew 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Previous studies reported controversial results regarding the possible association of recurrent genital herpes during pregnancy with a higher risk of preterm birth/low birth weight in newborns. Thus, birth outcomes of mothers with prospective and medically recorded symptomatic recurrent genital herpes confirmed by serological examination and of mothers without genital herpes were compared in the population-based large data set of the Hungarian Case-Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities. Our results showed that of 38,151 newborn infants, 86 (0.23%) had mothers with symptomatic recurrent genital herpes confirmed by serological examination during pregnancy. The rate of preterm births (14.0% vs. 9.2%) was higher in babies born to mothers with symptomatic recurrent genital herpes (OR with 95% CI: 1.7, 1.0–3.1) and this increase showed a trimester dependence with the highest rate in the third trimester (23.5%; OR with 95% CI: 2.6, 1.5–4.5). In conclusion, clinically diagnosed recurrent genital herpes during the third trimester of pregnancy associated with high risk for preterm birth.
Cadmium exposure induced itai-itai-like syndrome in male rats
Authors: Chen Xiao , Zhu Guoying , Jin Taiyi , Gu Shuzhu , Tan Mingguang , Xiao Hanfang , Qiu Jing 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Fourteen Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 2 groups which were given CdCl2 at the doses of 0 and 1.5 mg /kg for 12 weeks. Before sacrifice, microCT scanning were performed on the proximal tibia and urine were collected for cadmium and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase assay, then all of rats were sacrificed and blood was collected for biomarkers measurement; bone tissues were collected for bone mass, histology and biomechanical analysis. The cadmium in blood, urine, bone and kidney of rats treated with cadmium was significantly higher than those in the control group. The bone mineral density, and bone mineral ability of rats treated with cadmium were obviously decreased by 20%–50% compared to controls. Bone microstructure index and trabecular separation of rats treated with cadmium were obviously lower (−50%) and significantly higher (+150%) than that in the control group. Bone biomechanical property decreased by 30%–60% in cadmium treated rats compared to control. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b and alkaline phosphatase levels of rats treated with cadmium were significantly higher than those in control, but serum osteocalcin level decreased greatly by cadmium. Obvious proximal tubule damage occurred after cadmium exposure. These observations gave clear and comprehensive evidence that cadmium exposure could induce itai-itai-like syndrome in male rats.
Modelling of high-contrast grating mirrors. The impact of imperfections on their performance in VCSELs
Authors: Dems M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe article presents numerical investigations of high-contrast grating mirrors. First, it shows the basis of a new numerical method for computing the parameters of the grating and next it describes the results of the analysis of the manufacturing imperfections impact on the reflection coefficient. Finally, it shows the considerations on the performance of high-contrast gratings in typical designs of VCSELs.
Exposure to phthalates: Reproductive outcome and children health. A review of epidemiological studies
Authors: Jurewicz Joanna , Hanke Wojciech 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPhthalates are a family of industrial chemicals that have been used for a variety of purposes. As the potential consequences of human exposure to phthalates have raised concerns in the general population, they have been studied in susceptible subjects such as pregnant women, infants and children. This article aims at evaluating the impact of exposure to phthalates on reproductive outcomes and children health by reviewing most recent published literature. Epidemiological studies focusing on exposure to phthalates and pregnancy outcome, genital development, semen quality, precocious puberty, thyroid function, respiratory symptoms and neurodevelopment in children for the last ten years were identified by a search of the PubMed, Medline, Ebsco, Agricola and Toxnet literature bases. The results from the presented studies suggest that there are strong and rather consistent indications that phthalates increase the risk of allergy and asthma and have an adverse impact on children’s neurodevelopment reflected by quality of alertness among girls, decreased (less masculine) composite score in boys and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Results of few studies demonstrate negative associations between phthalate levels commonly experienced by the public and impaired sperm quality (concentration, morphology, motility). Phthalates negatively impact also on gestational age and head circumference; however, the results of the studies were not consistent. In all the reviewed studies, exposure to phthalates adversely affected the level of reproductive hormones (luteinizing hormone, free testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin), anogenital distance and thyroid function. The urinary le vels of phthalates were significantly higher in the pubertal gynecomastia group, in serum in girls with premature thelarche and in girls with precocious puberty. Epidemiological studies, in spite of their limitations, suggest that phthalates may affect reproductive outcome and children health. Considering the suggested health effects, more epidemiologic data is urgently needed and, in the meantime, precautionary policies must be implemented.
Unsteady flow in a viscous oil transporting centrifugal pump
Authors: Li Wen-Guang 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Acoustic resonances are frequently fatal problems in centrifugal pump operations. Low pressure pulsation of fluid in the blade pass frequency is helpful to prevent from such problems. In addition, for a high quality centrifugal pump, a lower broadband noise level is also on demand. The acoustic resonance and broadband noise are associated with unsteadiness of flow in the pump. Even there exist extensive analyses of unsteady flow in centrifugal pumps by means of CFD so far, the effect of high viscosity of fluid pumped on the unsteadiness of flow feature remains unclear. Thus, the unsteady flow in an experimental centrifugal pump was exploited numerically when it transported the liquids with different viscosities. The velocity profiles at the impeller discharge were validated with the results of LDV measurement for water. The viscosity effect on the fluctuation of flow in the volute was clarified quantitatively. It was shown the increasing viscosity of fluid makes the fluctuation in flow variables less substantial and results into a less noticed tendency of separation of flow from the blade pressure side.
La quantité indéterminée de la matière dans la génération. Jean de Jandun et Walter Burley (1280-1340)
Authors: Lamy Alice 
Published: May 2011

Résumé Jean de Jandun et Walter Burley, commentateurs des œuvres de Aristote et d’Averroès à l’Université de Paris aux xiii e et xiv e siècles, juxtaposent à la lettre les enseignements de leurs sources au risque d’aboutir à des théories problématiques. Pour décrire le mouvement substantiel de la génération, ils retiennent d’Aristote les principes métaphysiques de la matière, la forme et la privation, et leur ajoutent la problématique introduite par les philosophes arabes de la possible corporéité et de la quantification de la matière par des dimensions indéterminées qui en sont inséparables. Cette quantification devient nécessaire pour faire de la matière un sujet adéquat au changement substantiel. Pourtant, la nature quantitative de la matière demeure indéfinissable et met en péril la théorie médiévale de la génération.
La vocation et le métier de sociologue de la philosophie
Authors: Deprez Stanislas 
Published: May 2011

Résumé Depuis 2007, Louis Pinto a publié cinq livres, développant une sociologie de la philosophie entamée il y a plus de vingt ans. L’objet et la méthode de ces travaux, explicitement situés dans le prolongement de l’œuvre de Bourdieu, sont précisés et rapprochés de deux autres ouvrages récents (Jean-Louis Fabiani et Stéphan Soulié). Il s’agit de préciser la portée et le cadre de ces recherches et leur intérêt pour les philosophes, qui en sont à la fois l’objet et les destinataires.
Transcription Factor Nkx2-3 Controls the Vascular Identity and Lymphocyte Homing in the Spleen
Authors: Czömpöly Tamás , Lábadi Árpád , Kellermayer Zoltán , Olasz Katalin , Arnold Hans-Henning , Balogh Péter 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The vasculature in the spleen and peripheral lymph nodes (pLNs) is considerably different, which affects both homing of lymphocytes and antigenic access to these peripheral lymphoid organs. In this paper, we demonstrate that in mice lacking the homeodomain transcription factor Nkx2-3, the spleen develops a pLN-like mRNA expression signature, coupled with the appearance of high endothelial venules (HEVs) that mediate L-selectin–dependent homing of lymphocytes into the mutant spleen. These ectopic HEV-like vessels undergo postnatal maturation and progressively replace MAdCAM-1 by pLN addressin together with the display of CCL21 arrest chemokine in a process that is reminiscent of HEV formation in pLNs. Similarly to pLNs, development of HEV-like vessels in the Nkx2-3–deficient spleen depends on lymphotoxin-β receptor-mediated signaling. The replacement of splenic vessels with a pLN-patterned vasculature impairs the recirculation of adoptively transferred lymphocytes and reduces the uptake of blood-borne pathogens. The Nkx2-3 mutation in BALB/c background causes a particularly disturbed splenic architecture, characterized by the near complete lack of the red pulp, without affecting lymph nodes. Thus, our observations reveal that the organ-specific patterning of splenic vasculature is critically regulated by Nkx2-3, thereby profoundly affecting the lymphocyte homing mechanism and blood filtering capacity of the spleen in a tissue-specific manner.
Ligation of Notch Receptors in Human Conventional and Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Differentially Regulates Cytokine and Chemokine Secretion and Modulates Th Cell Polarization
Authors: Pérez-Cabezas Begoña , Naranjo-Gómez Mar , Bastos-Amador Patricia , Requena-Fernández Gerard , Pujol-Borrell Ricardo , Borràs Francesc E. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Notch signaling is involved in multiple cellular processes. Recent data also support the prominent role of Notch signaling in the regulation of the immune response. In this study, we analyzed the expression and function of Notch receptors and ligands on both human blood conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). The expression and modulation upon TLR activation of Notch molecules partially differed between cDCs and pDCs, but functional involvement of the Notch pathway in both cell types was clearly revealed by specific inhibition using DAPT. Beyond the induction of Notch target genes and modulation of maturation markers, Notch pathway was also involved in a differential secretion of some specific cytokines/chemokines by DC subsets. Whereas Notch ligation induced IL-10 and CCL19 secretion in cDCs, Notch inhibition resulted in a diminished production of these proteins. With regard to pDCs, Notch activation induced TNF-α whereas Notch inhibition significantly abrogated the secretion of CCL19, CXCL9, CXCL10, and TNF-α. Additionally, Notch modulation of DC subsets differentially affected Th polarization of allostimulated T cells. Our results suggest that the Notch pathway may function as an additional mechanism controlling human DC responses, with differential activity on cDCs and pDCs. This control mechanism may ultimately contribute to define the local milieu promoted by these cells under the particular conditions of the immune response.
Advances in Robust Parameter Design: From Taguchi's Inner‐Outer Arrays to Combined Arrays
Authors: Evangelaras Haralambos , Koukouvinos Christos , Koutras Markos V. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Robust parameter design, originally proposed by Taguchi, is an off‐line technique for maintaining variance reduction and improving quality. According to Taguchi, product variation from the desirable target is affected by two types of factors: control factors and noise factors. The basic idea in robust parameter design is to identify the levels of the control factors so that the product's quality characteristic becomes insensitive to changes in the levels of the noise factors. As a consequence, the effect of uncontrollable variations on the response will be reduced.
Taguchi suggested the use of inner‐outer arrays with the control factors being assigned to an inner array and the noise factors assigned to an outer array. After the collection of the data, a performance measure called signal‐to‐noise ratio is calculated and analyzed in order to identify the optimal levels of the control factors. After the introduction of Taguchi's philosophy in the field of experimental design and data analysis, several new designs and techniques have been explored and adopted in this field. This chapter overviews well established approaches and analysis techniques that have been exploited to the robust parameter design field.
Applicability of Statistics and Probability Theory to Nucleate Pool Boiling Heat Transfer
Authors: Judd R.L. , Balakrishnan N. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractMuch has been learned about nucleate pool boiling over the last sixty years through experimental investigation and recently, it has become possible to predict the relationships governing the nucleation, growth and departure or collapse of bubbles computationally. However, it has not been possible to develop a theory capable of predicting the rate of heat transfer because of the inability to incorporate surface conditions in a comprehensive boiling heat transfer model. A method is proposed to simulate the surface conditions through the interactions of a large population of potentially active nucleation sites and a much smaller population of dominant nucleation sites using Monte Carlo simulation.