bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verbs at the Very Beginning: Parallels Between Comprehension and Input
Authors: Naigles Letitia R. , Hoff Erika 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter addresses two questions concerning the ability to extend verb meanings past their attested instances. First, when in the course of verb learning do verb meanings become extendable? It presents new data concerning 1-year-olds' ability (as well as the lack thereof) to extend familiar verbs to new instances. Second, given that limits to extendability are observable early in verb acquisition, what are the causes of these limits in children's input? The chapter presents new data on the nature of children's verb input which suggests that children's early conservatism may indeed have its roots in how verbs are used by adults, but that these roots are neither direct nor transparent. Finally, data on children's early verb comprehension and experience are presented as an exploration which probes the limits of current methodology to answer these questions.
Influences of Object Knowledge on the Acquisition of Verbs in English and Japanese
Authors: Kersten Alan W. , Smith Linda B. , Yoshida Hanako 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter reviews the evidence for an influence of object knowledge on verb learning. It discusses whether object knowledge influences the learning of all verbs, or only certain types of verbs. In particular, attention to object structure during verb learning is compared in children learning English, a language which most frequently employs intrinsic manner of motion verbs, and in children learning Japanese, a language which most frequently employs extrinsic paths of motion verbs.
East and West: A Role for Culture in the Acquisition of Nouns and Verbs
Authors: Lavin Tracy A. , Hall D. Geoffrey , Waxman Sandra R. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter presents a multifactor view of word learning, opting for a social explanation based in cultural factors. Using a modification of Gillette and Gleitman's human simulation paradigm, researchers asked adult subjects (Western students, Japanese students, and second-generation Japanese students) to guess the words an American mother was saying to her child in the play scenes. They did not specify the form class of the word to be supplied. The general prediction was that Japanese students would focus on actions more than nouns and vice versa for the Western students. They found that all three groups identified more nouns than verbs but that this effect was more pronounced with the Western students. However, there were no differences in the number of correct matches for nouns between the three groups or for the accuracy of the verbs guessed. These results suggest that cultural factors may indeed influence the English-speaking child to learn more nouns than verbs.
Older Adults With Orthopedic and Mobility Limitations
Authors: Miltiades Helen , Kaye Lenard W. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter considers the major orthopedic diseases and associated conditions that older adults face, and the challenges they pose for them, their families, and the social workers and other health care professionals that work with them. It offers recommendations for social work practitioners who are likely to work with older adults with orthopedic diseases and who are at risk of falls, fractures, and joint replacements.
Aging and Functional Disability
Authors: Putnam Michelle , Stark Susan 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
For most older adults, being able to do the things they want to do at home and in the community is a significant component of healthy aging. This is true for older adults with and without functional impairments. This chapter highlights individual factors, programs, and policies that contribute to achieving goals of healthy aging for adults experiencing functional impairment. The primary goal is to present a range of elements that influence opportunities older adults have, to meet their individual healthy aging objectives and remain active members of their communities. The secondary goal is to encourage professional social workers to learn more about these elements by providing brief examples of interventions, including theoretical models, assessment tools, model programs, and policy initiatives.
Older Adults Suffering From Significant Dementia
Authors: Toseland Ronald W. , Parker Michael 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Dementia is very difficult to cope with because it affects both mental and physical functioning progressively, until death. Dementing illnesses have been called “the most feared and devastating disorder of later life”. This chapter provides an overview of the social work role in the care of persons with dementia. The social work role is to provide services and support to persons with dementia in order to help them cope with the disease. These services also extend to family members and to those who care for persons with dementia.
Older Adults at Risk for Suicide
Authors: Adamek Margaret E. , Slater Greta Yoder 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter focuses on suicide among older adults. Adults age 65 and over have the highest suicide rate of any age group in the United States. Suicide among older adults is a complex phenomenon, with many risk factors and seemingly few protective factors. A variety of risk factors, including age, gender, race, physical and mental health, multiple losses (e.g. retirement, widowhood, functional ability), and access to lethal means, have been associated with increased suicide risk in late life. Older men have a suicide rate about 5.5 times that of older women. Social workers need to be aware of the risk factors for suicide among older adults: age, race, gender, physical and mental health, cumulative loss, and access to lethal means. They need a better understanding of how multiple risk factors interact to increase the suicide risk among this population.
Older Asian Americans
Authors: Min Jong Won , Moon Ailee 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter presents central cultural and social issues important to social work practice with Asian American elders, and suggests a set of practice guidelines intended to enhance cross-cultural understanding and culturally sensitive social work practice with these populations. It begins with a review of the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of selected Asian American elderly groups and is followed by discussion of major issues and challenges confronting them. Finally, practice guidelines for communication, assessment, and intervention with Asian American elders are presented.
Older Latinos: A Mental Health Perspective
Authors: Aranda Maria P. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The population aged 65 and older of Latino/Hispanic descent numbered 2 million in 2002 and is expected to grow to 13.4 million by the year 2050. Older Latinos/Hispanics will comprise the largest racial/ethnic minority group in this age group by the year 2028. This chapter discusses a selected group of sociodemographic and cultural indicators in the service of showing how these indicators are relevant to social work practice in the mental health arena. Alternatively stated, what role do income, education, living arrangements, physical illness and disability, culture and language play in the development of culturally competent mental health practice with older persons of Latino descent? The information presented goes beyond describing the contextual realities of older Latinos, to offer a bridge to the next stage of developing mental health services related to older adults living with psychiatric disabilities. In order to provide a more tangible discussion, the material is applied to the case of late-life depressive illness.
Psychosocial Services at the End of Life
Authors: Gutheil Irene , Souza Margaret 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The role of the social worker in end-of-life care starts before illness or crisis strikes and continues after death occurs. Social workers may enter this continuum at various points, depending on the practice setting. This chapter provides an overview of social work practice in end-of-life care. In highlighting psychosocial components, as well as the concrete needs, it underscores the valuable and diverse roles that social workers perform in working with dying persons and their families.
Grandparents Raising Grandchildren: Who Are They?
Authors: Kropf Nancy P. , Yoon Eunkyung 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter addresses the phenomenon of grandparent caregiving. Fully 2.4 million grandparents in the United States have primary responsibility for taking care of their grandchildren, and 6 million children in the United States live in grandparent-headed households. This rate has doubled over the past 30 years. Grandparent caregivers have elevated rates of physical and mental health problems as compared with their age peers, and there is evidence that these difficulties get worse after the entry into the caregiving role. Grandparent caregivers also experience elevated rates of financial and legal difficulties. The circumstances leading to grandparent caregiving derive from challenges experienced by the adult children of the grandparents; death, drug abuse, incarceration, and HIV/AIDS are among the most prominent. The chapter also includes suggestions for social work interventions and policy considerations relevant to grandparent caregiving.
Social Service and Health Planning Agencies
Authors: Hudson Robert B. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter examines the role of planning agencies at state and substate levels in improving the quality of life for older adults. It outlines the history of the aging network, with careful focus on the planning challenges professionals have confronted in these settings. It emphasizes the emerging role of these agencies in the planning and delivery of long-term care, predicting that this will define the identity of the network in coming decades.
Substance Abuse Networks
Authors: Corley Connie , Gray Muriel , Yakimo Richard 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter summarizes epidemiological studies on the prevalence of alcoholism in older adults, as well as the diagnostic challenges presented by this population. It describes the service delivery network, and considers the role of Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs). It argues that the service delivery system is ill-equipped to meet the needs of older adults who suffer from substance use disorders and calls for professional education to alert social workers in all settings to the signs of these problems.
Nursing Homes
Authors: Vourlekis Betsy , Simons Kelsey 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMore than 3 million people are cared for in nursing homes each year. Nursing homes are often the least preferred alternative of older Americans and their loved ones and, unfortunately, more frequently make news and headlines because of poor care and concerns about quality than for their exemplary service. Nonetheless, nursing homes are an essential component of the health care continuum and an important arena for social work practice. Social work's focus on overall quality of life and its professional obligation to advocate for those who may lack capacity to defend themselves, are especially relevant to the nursing home setting. To introduce the practice domain, this chapter (a) briefly examines the nursing home context and regulatory environment; (b) discusses the needs and strengths of nursing home “clients” and the home as a system in its own right; (c) describes key features of the social work role and functions, including the monitoring and quality improvement of social work services; and (d) identifies key research needs to support practice.
The Long-Term Care Ombudsman Program
Authors: Huber Ruth , Netting F. Ellen , Borders Kevin W. , Nelson H. W. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The long-term care ombudsman program (LTCOP) is federally mandated to investigate complaints about the care that people receive in LTC facilities. This chapter provides a brief history of the program's origins and legislative authority, and the program' s mission and functions. It then describes the structure of the LTCOP, how complaints are handled, and the roles that social workers play in and with the ombudsman program. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of the quality of life and care that elders experience in the nation's long-term care facilities.
Continuing Care Retirement Communities
Authors: Netting F. Ellen , Wilson Cindy C. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
As the older population increases in the United States, more and more congregate living options are emerging, particularly for persons who may need some combination of housing with social support and health care services readily accessible. Continuing care retirement communities (CCRCs) are one such option. This chapter focuses on CCRCs in the U.S., which typically offer escalating levels of care on a single campus, from independent housing, through residential care facilities, to nursing homes.
Congregate Housing
Authors: Sheehan Nancy W. , Klein Waldo C. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter discusses congregate housing programs, which refer to housing-service arrangements that combine an apartment-like independent living unit with services that do not fall under the medical model. Topics covered include: legal authority of congregate housing programs; prevalence and, structure of congregate living arrangements; resident population and special needs; funding, quality of care and quality of life; and social work roles.
Policies Affecting Health, Mental Health, and Caregiving: Medicaid
Authors: Galambos Colleen 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter describes the historical context for the establishment of Medicaid, and explains basic standards and guidelines. It then examines programs and services available under Medicaid for older adults. In particular, dual eligibility, managed care, the freedom of choice and home and community-based waiver programs, and long-term care financing issues are discussed.
Policies Related to Competency and Proxy Issues
Authors: Wilber Kathleen , Alkema Gretchen E. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter discusses the complicated but fragmented legal policies governing protective services, and supportive and surrogate decision-making interventions for vulnerable older adults. Using a case example, it illustrates the ethics and realities of guardianship and guardianship alternatives, legal procedures, and the role of social workers in surrogate decision making.
Using Large Datasets for Research on Older Adults and Families
Authors: Lum Terry 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter introduces geriatric social work researchers to the rapidly expanding resource of public-use large data sets and describes the steps that geriatric social work researchers should take to benefit from these resources. Throughout, the Study of Assets and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old (AHEAD) is used as an example to illustrate the discussion.
Measuring Client Satisfaction Among Older Adults and Families
Authors: Hsieh Chang-Ming , Essex Elizabeth 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter proposes a method of measuring client satisfaction designed to overcome the limitations of past client satisfaction studies. By asking the clients to rate their satisfaction with all major service aspects within a specific care or service setting, the approach addresses the issues of contextual relevance and the multidimensional nature of client satisfaction. In addition, this measurement approach addresses the possibility of unequal weights among the different service aspects by incorporating perceived importance into the measurement of client satisfaction. That is, the measure takes into account the potential interpersonal differences in perceived importance of various service elements. It is, therefore, a true client-centered satisfaction measure.
Current Status of Social Work Research in Aging and Future Directions
Authors: Burnette Denise , Morrow-Howell Nancy 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the state of social work research in aging and offers directions for the future. Social work researchers in aging are beginning to establish a national presence in social work schools, but the extent to which they are conducting research is not yet clear. Furthermore, social work researchers are contributing to the multidisciplinary knowledge base in aging but “barely have a foothold in federally funded research.” However, social work is well positioned to assume a true leadership role in research on aging.
Strategies for Implementing and Sustaining Gerontological Curricular Change in Social Work Education
Authors: Reinardy James R. , Zoff Sara 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter addresses the comprehensive strategies that are needed to implement sustainable gerontological curricular change on a program level. It begins with a brief review of select literature on organizational and curricular change, including strategies for changing gerontological curricula. Then, after drawing from the literature on principles for change, it outlines and illustrates the major considerations that should inform the change process: planning, implementing, and institutionalizing an aging-rich curriculum.
Moving Forward: Developing Geriatric Social Work Competencies
Authors: Damron-Rodriguez Joann 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter begins with a discussion of gerontological social work movement. It then describes competency-based education and evaluation (CBE); an approach to producing a skilled workforce and ensuring that graduates can perform expected behaviors at a professionally acceptable level. This is followed by a discussion of the measurement of geriatric social work competencies.
Beyond Covariation
Authors: Lagnado David A. , Waldmann Michael R. , Hagmaye York , Sloman Steven A. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Causal induction has two components: learning about the structure of causal models and learning about causal strength and other quantitative parameters. This chapter argues for several interconnected theses. First, people represent causal knowledge qualitatively, in terms of causal structure; quantitative knowledge is derivative. Second, people use a variety of cues to infer causal structure aside from statistical data (e.g. temporal order, intervention, coherence with prior knowledge). Third, once a structural model is hypothesized, subsequent statistical data are used to confirm, refute, or elaborate the model. Fourth, people are limited in the number and complexity of causal models that they can hold in mind to test, but they can separately learn and then integrate simple models, and revise models by adding and removing single links. Finally, current computational models of learning need further development before they can be applied to human learning.
Essentialism as a Generative Theory of Classification
Authors: Rehder Bob 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Essentialism is the view that kinds are defined by underlying properties or characteristics (an essence) that is shared by all category members and by members of no other categories and that are presumed to generate, or cause, perceptual features. Although unobservable, essential features can nonetheless affect classification by changing the evidence that observable features provide for category membership. This chapter proposes treating essentialized categories as a generative causal model and provides evidence for four phenomena that follow from this view: (a) classification as diagnostic reasoning; (b) classification as prospective reasoning; (c) boundary intensification; and (d) the effect of coherence on classification. The chapter also characterizes the development of conceptual knowledge in terms of an evolving set of causal models.
Causal Reasoning as Informed by the Early Development of Explanations
Authors: Wellman Henry M. , Liu David 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Research, theory, and modeling of causal reasoning typically focus on the causal predictions and interventions that result from causal understandings. This neglects the role of explanations in causal reasoning and their role in causal learning. This chapter argues that explanations play a central role in human causal reasoning and that this is true from very early in life. It supports and elaborates this argument by showing that explanations are important to even young children, as apparent in their being frequently sought and provided by them; that explanations are sometimes strikingly easier to provide than comparable predictions, making them a powerful platform for learning; and that engaging in explanatory reasoning aids children's and adults' learning. Causal explanatory reasoning deserves a central role in our understanding of the nature and development of human causal understanding.
Statistical Jokes and Social Effects
Authors: Glymour Clark 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The psychological literature on causation includes a variety of proposed analyses of causal relations: simple correlation, mental models, causal powers, etc. Each of these proposals is subject to everyday counterexamples. Correlation accounts confuse intervention with conditioning and yield statistical jokes; mental models fail to capture conditional information; races and voting present difficulties for causal power theories, as do existing philosophical accounts of causal relations among events.
Extremist Youth in Germany
Authors: Edelstein Wolfgang 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter offers insights into the psycho-social processes that orient right-wing culture among youth in post-unification Germany. It describes historical processes that affect political and economic structures, family patterns, and related cultural orientations, and which shape the psychological states, especially of disenfranchised fathers, and in turn their children. Focusing on contemporary interactions of family dynamics and adolescent identity formation, the chapter identifies “anomie” as a behavioral attitude that constitutes a right-wing rebellion against prevailing social, moral, and political norms. It explains the problems of modernization in Western social experiences that can cause great damage to young people and to the ongoing development of the society.
Acceptance and Rejection as a Source of Youth Conflict
Authors: Hertz-Lazarowitz Rachel 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
In Israel, the seven main universities are the most heterogeneous spaces for interaction between Arabs and Jews. With an Arab population of 20% attending alongside Jews, Haifa University is the most heterogeneous campus in Israel and thus has been a main stage for prolonged social coexistence on the one hand and consistent bitter conflicts on the other. This chapter explores how young undergraduates identifying as Arabs and Jews perceive their mutual rejection and acceptance, in the unique context of coexistence at a nationally and religiously heterogeneous university in Israel. The goal is to understand the factors that support peaceful coexistence, and those that explain the eruption of conflicts and violent behaviors on campus. It is argued that students' perceptions of coexistence are sources of conflict and harmony. In interviews where the research team asked students to speak about the full range of their positive and negative experiences as members of national groups on campus, both Arab and Jewish students highly valued “close relationships” and “cultural diversity,” while in terms of negative experiences, Arab students reported “discrimination” and “political tension,” more frequently than Jewish students, as the main processes of rejection in their lives on campus. On the basis of such findings, the chapter challenges the university to increase acceptance, and reduce rejection, on its heterogeneous campus.