bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of intrapartum fetal hypoxia using admission test (AT)
Authors: Gurung Geeta , Rana Ashma , Giri Kanti 
Published: December 2009

Objective: The purpose of the present study is to find out the effectiveness of admission test (AT) in detecting fetal hypoxia in labour and to correlate the results of AT with perinatal outcome. Methods: This was a prospective study, conducted in the department of Ob/Gyn, TU, Teaching Hospital. A total of 100 women in labour were selected for the study. All of them were subjected to Admission test which is 15-20 minutes recording of fetal heart rate and uterine contractions on cardiotocograph machine at the time of admission in labour. The result of AT were not revealed to concerned Obstetrician in labour room and the labouring women and the results of the test were evaluated after delivery so that the clinical management is not changed according to the AT result. Result: The results of AT were: Reactive in 73%, Equivocal in 23% and Ominous in 4%. Women with reactive AT had low risk of developing intraapartum fetal distress (1%) as compared to 4.3% of equivocal and 50% of ominous group. Operative delivery for fetal distress was required in only 1.4% of reactive group in comparison to 4.3% of equivocal and 50% of ominous group. Resuscitation was required in 1.4% of reactive group, 8.7% of equivocal and 25% of ominous group. Four babies required neonatal unit and NICU admission for neonatal sepsis (2 from reactive, 2 from equivocal group) and none suffered from intranatal hypoxia. Conclusion: The AT seems to be useful to detect fetal distress already present at admission and seems to have some predictive value for fetal well being for the next few hours of labour. Key words: Admission test, Cardiotocograph, fetal heart rate, fetal distress, fetal hypoxia, perinatal outcome. doi:10.3126/njog.v1i2.1487 N. J. Obstet. Gynaecol Vol. 1, No. 2, p. 10 - 13 Nov-Dec 2006
Active management of third stage of labor: Assessment of standard of care in one of the training institute
Authors: Upadhyay Meera , Sharma Gaurav , Chataut Dinesh 
Published: December 2009

Objective: To find out the quality of service (standard steps of the procedures) incorporated in the active management of the third stage of labor (AMTSL) in Maternity Hospital, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal. Methods: Prospective (single blind) study, where the (uninformed) service providers had no knowledge that they were being assessed of their performances regarding the proper conduct of the AMTSL, in randomly selected 325 laboring women during all shifts of the day by 4 interns who carefully documented the findings in pre prepared standard 3 month duration reference during in the year 2061/2062 (2004/2005) in Maternity Hospital Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal. Results: (Pre) loading of oxytocin was correctly done immediately when the women were seen to bear down at second stage of labor. In 99.5% of cases (irrespective of duty shift). In 5.8 % of cases, the oxytocin doses were different from standard 10 units. The possibility of second twin was not ruled out in 81.9% before the administration of 10 units of IM oxytocin. Moreover, the study that controlled cord traction was revealed or showed applied in 50% of the cases without confirming uterine contraction while counter traction to the uterus was given in most of the cases (98.5%) along with effective examination of the placenta for its completeness in 98.2 % cases. Conclusion: This study shows that improvement in the standard AMTSL practices is still needed in the training providing institution, which demand ensuring the absence of twin tactfully before giving IM oxytocin within 2 minutes invariably after the delivery of the babies and also in giving slight traction on to the umbilical cord gently during uterine contraction along with counter traction to the uterus. Key words: Active management of third stage of labor AMTSL, oxytocin, uterine massage. doi:10.3126/njog.v1i2.2394 N. J. Obstet. Gynaecol Vol. 1, No. 2, p. 28-30 Nov-Dec 2006
Uterine Myoma: A Profile of Nepalese women
Authors: Pradhan Pramila , Acharya Nitish , Kharel Binit , Manjin Manoj 
Published: December 2009

Objectives: To determine the most common age and parity for the development of myoma uteri. To find out any relation between age of the last child and the development of myoma uteri. To determine the treatment protocal and outcome of treatment. Materials/methods: This study was carried out at Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital from Jan 2001 to 31st June 2006. All cases of myoma uteri admitted in Gynaecological ward was included.. Histological evidence of myoma confirmed the diagnosis. Age, parity and age of the last child, clinical features, surgical procedures and outcome of surgery were considered. Results: A total of 137 cases of myoma uteri was operated during five and half years period. This represented 38.5 %of all abdominal hysterectomy performed during the same period. The mean age was 43.3 years with median parity at 1-3 and the mean age of last child at 12years. Excessive menstrual bleeding 73.0%, abdominal mass and pain 58.4%, dysmenorrhea 18.2% and infertility 7.3% were the common symptoms. Total abdominal hysterectomy was the mainstay of treatment. Patients were happy with the treatment specially those with severe and multiple symptoms Postoperative complications were not significant. There was one death due to pulmonary embolism who had mesothelioma of pleura diagnosed by pleural biopsy before operation. Conclusion: Early marriage and early completion of the family is the social trend in Nepalese society. Myoma is common in 4th-5th decade of life in multi parity with the age of last child around 12years. This long standing secondary infertility may be an underlying risk factor in the development of myoma uteri. doi:10.3126/njog.v1i2.2397 N. J. Obstet. Gynaecol Vol. 1, No. 2, p. 47-50 Nov-Dec 2006
Effect of NIDEK Optimized Aspheric Transition Zone Ablation Profile on Higher Order Aberrations During LASIK for Myopia
Authors: Kosaki Ryo , Maeda Naoyuki , Hayashi Hitoshi , Fujikado Takashi , Okamoto Shigeki 
Published: December 2009

Purpose:
To investigate the effect of the Optimized Aspheric Transition zone profile (OATz) that was devised to minimize the “red ring” in corneal topography on ocular higher order aberrations following LASIK for myopia.

Methods:
Laser in situ keratomileusis with OATz using the Nidek Advanced Vision Excimer Laser Platform (NAVEX) was performed on 22 eyes with a 4.5-mm optical zone and 8.0-mm transition zone (OATz group). Conventional LASIK was performed on 11 eyes with a 6.0-mm optical zone and 7.0-mm transition zone as a control (conventional group). The higher order aberrations for the central 6-mm diameter were measured at 1 month postoperatively using a Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor. In addition to the spherical aberration, the magnitude and orientation of trefoil, coma, tetrafoil, and secondary astigmatism were compared between two groups using Zernike vector analysis.

Results:

The mean magnitude (root-mean-square) of the total higher order aberrations in the conventional group (0.70±0.28 µm) was significantly higher than that in the OATz group (0.51±0.15 µm,
P
<.05, unpaired
t
test). For spherical aberration, the OATz group had significantly lower values (0.22±0.17 µm) than the conventional group (0.38±0.23 µm,
P
<.05). The magnitude of coma in the conventional group was also higher than that in the OATz group (
P
<.05), and the mean axis of coma was 8.6° in the conventional group and 64.3° in the OATz group. No statistically significant differences were noted in the magnitude and axes of trefoil, tetrafoil, or secondary astigmatism between the two groups.

Conclusions:

The OATz profile may decrease the surgically induced increase of higher order aberrations, especially spherical aberration, following LASIK. However, a study with equivalent treatment groups and larger sample sizes is required for a definitive conclusion. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:331–338.]
Ultraviolet Femtosecond Laser Creation of Corneal Flap
Authors: Le Harzic Ronan , König Karsten , Wüllner Christian , Vogler Klaus , Donitzky Christof 
Published: December 2009

Purpose:
To study parameters for ocular femtosecond laser surgery in terms of process efficiency and safety aspects using ultraviolet (UV) femtosecond laser pulses.

Methods:
Studies on corneal surgery and flap processing on enucleated porcine eyes were performed using a newly developed ytterbium-doped gain media laser source. Ultraviolet femtosecond laser pulses centered at a wavelength of 345 nm and working at a repetition rate of 100 kHz were generated by the third harmonics of the 1035-nm fundamental wavelength.

Results:
Flaps with a diameter of 6 mm and a thickness of 100 µm were created in less than 2 minutes with low energy pulses. Transmissions and spectral measurements were performed during flap processing. Less than 2% UV radiation reaches the retina during corneal flap processing. A detectable transmittance towards the retina of visible light centered on 440 nm was found for UV pulses.

Conclusions:

Ultraviolet corneal refractive surgery is a novel procedure and has the potential to be an alternative to infrared refractive surgery considering safety aspects. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:383–389.]
Iris-fixated Anterior Chamber Phakic Intraocular Lens for Myopia Moves Posteriorly With Mydriasis
Authors: Cruysberg Lars P.J. , Doors Muriel , Berendschot Tos T.J.M. , De Brabander John , Webers Carroll A.B. , Nuijts Rudy M.M.A. 
Published: December 2009

Purpose:
To elucidate the physiological characteristics of eyes implanted with iris-fixated anterior chamber phakic intraocular lenses (pIOLs), which are increasingly being used for the correction of higher myopic and hyperopic refractive errors.

Methods:
In a case series of 20 patients (39 eyes), the position of the pIOL to the natural lens and the cornea was evaluated under photopic (135 lux) and low mesopic (<1 lux) circumstances with anterior segment optical coherence tomography.

Results:
The distance between the pIOL and the natural lens decreased, and congruently, the distance from the pIOL to the corneal endothelium increased under low mesopic circumstances.

Conclusions:

The distance between the pIOL and the corneal endothelium increases when the pupil dilates under dark circumstances, contributing to the already excellent safety data available on pIOL implantation. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:394–396.]
Calculation of Intraocular Lens Power Using Orbscan II Quantitative Area Topography After Corneal Refractive Surgery
Authors: Arce Carlos G. , Soriano Eduardo S. , Weisenthal Robert W. , Hamilton Stephen M. , Rocha Karolinne M. , Alzamora Juan B. , Maidana Eduardo J. , Vadrevu Vijayalakshmi L. , Himmel Kenneth , Schor Paulo , Campos Mauro 
Published: December 2009

Purpose:
To present the prospective application of the Orbscan II central 2-mm total-mean corneal power obtained by quantitative area topography in intraocular lens (IOL) calculation after refractive surgery.

Methods:
Calculated and achieved refraction and the difference between them were studied in 77 eyes of 61 patients with previous radial keratotomy (RK), RK and additional surgeries, myopic LASIK, myopic photo-refractive keratectomy (PRK), or hyperopic LASIK who underwent phacoemulsification without complications in 3 eye centers. All IOL calculations used the average from the central 2-mm Orbscan II total-mean power of maps centered on the pupil without the use of previous refractive data. Six IOL styles implanted within the bag were used.

Results:

Using the SRK-T formula, the overall calculated refraction was −0.64±0.93 diopters (D). The overall achieved spherical equivalent refraction (−0.52±0.79 D; range: −3.12 to 1.25 D; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.70/−0.34 D) was ±0.50 D in 53% of eyes, ±1.00 D in 78% of eyes, and ±2.00 D in 99% of eyes. The overall difference between the calculated and achieved refraction (0.12±0.93 D,
P
=.27; range: −2.18 to 2.62 D; 95% CI: 0.09/0.33 D) was ±0.50 D in 39% of eyes, ±1.00 D in 77% of eyes, and ±2.00 D in 96% of eyes. This difference was ±1.00 D in 77% of eyes with RK (
P
=.70), 82% of eyes with myopic LASIK (
P
=.34), and 90% of eyes with myopic PRK (
P
=.96). In eyes with RK followed by LASIK, a trend toward undercorrection was noted (
P
=.03). In eyes with hyperopic LASIK, a trend toward overcorrection was noted (
P
=.005).

Conclusions:
In eyes with previous corneal refractive surgery, IOL power calculation can be performed with reasonable accuracy using the Orbscan II central 2-mm total-mean power. This method had better outcomes in eyes with previous RK, myopic LASIK, and myopic PRK than in eyes with hyperopic LASIK or RK with LASIK.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:1061–1074.]
Anterior Segment Measurements Using Pentacam and Orbscan II 1 to 5 Years After Refractive Surgery
Authors: Kim Sun Woong , Sun Hae Jung , Chang Jee Ho , Kim Eung Kweon 
Published: December 2009

Purpose:
To compare anterior segment measurements between Pentacam and Orbscan II after laser surface ablation.

Methods:
Corneal thickness, anterior elevation, posterior elevation, and anterior chamber depth more than 1 year after laser refractive surgery were measured using Pentacam and Orbscan II in 51 eyes that underwent laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) and 21 eyes that underwent photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). As controls, the same comparisons were made in 52 unoperated eyes.

Results:
Mean follow-up was 28.2 months in the LASEK group and 49.9 months in the PRK group. Mean corneal thickness using Pentacam was thicker than that using Orbscan by 10.4 µm in unoperated eyes, 22.6 µm in LASEK eyes, and 11.0 µm in PRK eyes, but the two devices showed good correlation in all groups. Mean anterior elevation was highly correlated between the two devices with 2.1-µm differences in LASEK eyes, but posterior elevation showed no correlation with significant discrepancies. Mean anterior chamber depth was 0.12- to 0.14-µm thicker with Pentacam than with Orbscan, and highly correlated in all groups.

Conclusions:
Pentacam and Orbscan showed good correlations in corneal thickness, anterior elevation, and anterior chamber depth despite some differences in mean values. The two devices, however, showed no correlation in posterior elevation measurements, a difference that was greater in the postoperative groups.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:1091–1097.]
Corneal Endothelial Cell Density After Femtosecond Thin-flap LASIK and PRK for Myopia: A Contralateral Eye Study
Authors: Smith Ryan T. , Waring George O. , Durrie Daniel S. , Stahl Jason E. , Thomas Priscilla 
Published: December 2009

Purpose:To compare the effect of femtosecond thin-flap LASIK and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) on postoperative endothelial cell density.Methods:In a prospective, randomized, contralateral, single-center clinical trial, 25 patients (mean age: 30±5 years [range: 21 to 38 years]) underwent PRK in one eye and thin-flap LASIK in the fellow eye for the correction of myopia using a wavefront-guided platform. The central corneal endothelial cell density was measured using the NIDEK Confoscan 4 preoperatively, and at 1 and 3 months postoperatively. Changes in endothelial cell density were analyzed over time between the two refractive techniques.Results:In PRK, the average preoperative endothelial cell density was 3011±329 cells/mm2, which decreased to 2951±327 cells/mm2at 1 month (P=.5736) and 2982±365 cells/mm2at 3 months (P=.6513). In thin-flap LASIK, the average preoperative endothelial cell density was 2995±325 cells/mm2, which decreased to 2977±358 cells/mm2at 1 month (P=.5756) and 2931±369 cells/mm2at 3 months (P=.4106). No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups at 1 (P=.7404) or 3 (P=.3208) months postoperatively.Conclusions:No statistically significant change was noted in endothelial cell density following either PRK or thin-flap LASIK for the treatment of myopia. Furthermore, no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups out to 3 months postoperatively, indicating that thin-flap LASIK is as safe as PRK with regards to endothelial health.[J Refract Surg. 2009;25:1098–1102.]
STRUCTURAL DAMAGE BY RHINOCYLLUS CONICUS (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) WITHIN THE FLOWERHEADS OF NODDING THISTLE
Authors: Shorthouse J. D. , Lalonde R. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe larvae of Rhinocyllus conicus Froel. feed within the flowerheads of Carduus nutans by tunneling through callus that appears near feeding sites, by forming chambers of callus beneath developing florets, or by tunneling within pith of the peduncle. The induction of callus by R. conicus is a gall-like response providing the larvae with additional nutriment and a shelter. Callus formation also reduces plant resources destined for developing additional flowerheads.
ADULT-LARVAL INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION IN AGROMYZA FRONTELLA (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE)
Authors: Quiring Daniel T. , McNeil Jeremy N. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBoth adult females and larvae of Agromyza frontella (Rondani) exploit the same food source, alfalfa leaflets. In laboratory studies, larval development in leaflets with many adult nutrition holes resulted in a higher incidence of mortality than in leaflets with low levels of adult feeding. Furthermore, in heavily attacked leaflets, survivors had a slightly longer larval developmental time and lower pupal weights. In heavily attacked alfalfa fields where adult nutrition holes are numerous, the above-mentioned adult–larval interaction could play a density-dependent role in the population dynamics of A. frontella. However, in most situations adult feeding probably has an indirect effect, accentuating intraspecific larval competition by decreasing the quantity of the available limiting resource.
SAMPLING POPULATIONS OF THE IMPORTED CRUCIFER WEEVIL,BARIS LEPIDII(COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE), IN COMMERCIAL HORSERADISH
Authors: Sherrod Daniel W. , Eastman Catherine E. , Ruesink William G. , Randell Roscoe 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe imported crucifer weevil,Baris lepidiiGermar, was sampled in commercial horseradish fields by pitfall traps, visual counts, baits, soil cores, and square area removal. Adult counts from soil cores taken directly over the plant crown were closely related to those from 0.25 m2samples centered around the whole plant. Numbers of adults determined by relative sampling techniques such as visual counts, pitfall traps, and baits were not closely related to the number of adults recovered in soil cores. All of the fields examined had adult weevils present at planting time as indicated by bait catches. No sampling method was an adequate predictor of the percentage of horseradish roots infested withB. lepidiiat harvest.
THE EFFECT OF SOD TYPE ON THE OCCURRENCE OF GROUND BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) IN A PEST MANAGEMENT APPLE ORCHARD
Authors: Holliday N. J. , Hagley E. A. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe effects on carabids of natural, fescue, and rye sod types and of tillage were investigated in a pest management apple orchard. Carabids were sampled before and after the treatments by pitfall trapping and by two types of soil sampling. There were no significant effects of sod type on pitfall trap catches; however the abundance of all common species in soil samples was significantly affected by sod types. Usually in soil samples carabids were most abundant in natural sod and least abundant in tilled plots; numbers were intermediate in fescue and rye. Sod type did not affect structure or diversity of the carabid fauna.
MUTATIONS INDROSOPHILA MELANOGASTERAFFECTING PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSE TO MALATHION
Authors: Pluthero Fred G. , Threlkeld Stephen F. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMutants ofDrosophila melanogaster(Meigen) with altered resistance to the insecticide malathion were isolated and tested for their avoidance response to the insecticide. A correlation between sensitivity to the insecticide and increased avoidance was detected. Approximate chromosome map locations were determined for the loci of the mutations.
THE WORLD RHYPAROCHROMINAE (HEMIPTERA: LYGAEIDAE) XVIII. THE GENUS SINIERUS DISTANT
Authors: Scudder G. G. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe genus Sinierus Distant contains three distinct species. The genus and the type-species S. capensis (Dallas) are redescribed, the latter being reported widely from Africa. Two other species are described as new, S. explanatus from tropical Africa and S. nudus from Madagascar. A key to species is also presented.
RELATING FEEDING RATES TO SEX AND SIZE IN SIX SPECIES OF GRASSHOPPERS (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE)
Authors: Holmberg Robert G. , Hardman John Michael 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNymphs and adults of both sexes of six species of grasshoppers, Camnula pellucida, Dissosteira carolina, Melanoplus infantilis, M. sanguinipes, M. packardii and M. bivittatus, were fed wheat seedlings to determine daily feeding rates. The relationships between the feeding rates and five indices of body size were checked with five types of equations — power, parabolic, exponential, linear, and logarithmic. For combined data for all species, the power equation (y = axb) produced the best correlations with the feeding rate being proportional to the 1.56 power of pronotum length, 1.87 of femur length, 1.94 of body length, 0.72 of live weight, and 0.66 of dry weight. The power equation underestimated nymphal feeding and overestimated adult feeding. Better correlations were obtained when separate power equations were used for nymphs and adults. While the b parameters for the nymph equations did not differ significantly from those for the adult equations, the a parameters for nymphs were much larger, reflecting that nymphs ate more relative to their size than adults. For individual species, the parabolic equation (y = a + bx + cx2) was as good or sometimes better than the power equation. Generally, ranking the indices of body size by their coefficients of determination (r2 values) produced the following hierarchy: pronotum length (best), femur length, live weight, dry weight, and body length (worst). However, as the differences between the best and worst indices were minor (usually less than 10%) and as live weight and body length are easy to determine, we recommend the use of either of these two indices for estimating feeding rates.
REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOUR OF THE DOUGLAS-FIR CONE GALL MIDGE, CONTARINIA OREGONENSIS (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE)
Authors: Miller G. E. , Borden J. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe reproductive behaviour of the Douglas-fir cone gall midge, Contarinia oregonensis Foote, was studied in the laboratory and in cages outdoors. Adult emergence began in mid-April outdoors and lasted about 2 weeks. Emergence began outdoors at 0600–0700 h Pacific Standard Time, peaked at 1100 h and continued until 1900 h; females dominated emergence early in the day. Mating occurred on or near the duff from which females emerged. Virgin females appeared to “call” males by extending their ovipositors and waving them back and forth, and this behaviour was followed by mating. Laboratory bioassay s using rinses of female abdomens gave further evidence that virgin females produce a sex pheromone. Oviposition behaviour on already infested conelets differed from that on uninfested conelets and suggested the presence of an oviposition deterrent. The mean number of eggs developed by the females was 254, 93% of which were usually laid during the life of the females.