bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Copy number variations of interleukin‐17F, interleukin‐21, and interleukin‐22 are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Yu Bo , Guan Ming , Peng Yinghui , Shao Yong , Zhang Chao , Yue Xupeng , Zhang Jie , Yang Hong , Zou Hejian , Ye Wencai , Wan Jun , Zhang Wei 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectiveSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) represents the classic prototype of systemic autoimmune disease. The identification of the Th17 cell subset has provided new understanding regarding the underlying mechanisms of autoimmunity. Copy number variations (CNVS) have been discovered to have phenotypic consequences and are associated with various types of diseases. We undertook this study to explore a possible association between CNVS of Th17 cell–related genes and the risk of SLE.MethodsWe extracted genomic DNA and RNA from 938 SLE patients and 1,017 healthy controls. We examined CNVS of Th17 cell–related genes, including retinoic acid receptor–related orphan nuclear receptor γt, STAT‐3, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), transforming growth factor β, tumor necrosis factor α, IL‐17A, IL‐17F, IL‐21, IL‐22, IL‐23A, CCL20, and CCR6, and levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) for IL‐17F, IL‐21, and IL‐22.ResultsGenotype and allele frequencies for copy number amplifications of IL‐17F, IL‐21, and IL‐22 were found to be significantly higher in SLE patients than in healthy controls. CNVS of IL‐17F, IL‐21, and IL‐22 had no synergistic contribution to SLE. The mRNA expression of IL‐17F, IL‐21, and IL‐22 in the samples with >2 copies of DNA was significantly higher than that in those with 2 copies of DNA.ConclusionOur findings indicate that CNVS of IL‐17F, IL‐21, and IL‐22 are associated with the risk of SLE.
Medical students' attitudes toward the anatomy dissection room in relation to personality
Authors: Plaisant Odile , Courtois Robert , Toussaint Paule Joanne , Mendelsohn Gerald A. , John Oliver P. , Delmas Vincent , Moxham Bernard J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAssessment of the personalities of medical students could enable medical educators to formulate strategies for the best development of academic and clinical competencies. In this article, we focus on the experience of students in the anatomy dissecting room. While there have been many attempts to evaluate the emotional responses of medical students to human cadaveric dissection, there has been no investigation into how different personality traits affect the responses. The main hypothesis tested was that there is a relationship between personality traits and attitudes toward the dissection room. For the present study, a group of French medical students (n = 403; mean age 21.3 ± 1.6; 65.3% female) completed a “Big Five” personality inventory and a questionnaire to assess their attitudes in regard to human dissection. The findings are consistent with our hypothesis, in that we found a relationship between reporting anxiety and four of the “Big Five” dimensions (all except openness). The rated level of anxiety was positively correlated with negative affectivity, more strongly at the beginning than at the end of the course. There were significant gender differences in attitudes toward dissection. The findings are discussed in relation to the possibility of preparing students for the dissecting room experience and also in relation to the students' understanding of mortality issues. Anat Sci Educ. © 2011 American Association of Anatomists.
Assessing the citation impact of books: The role of Google Books, Google Scholar, and Scopus
Authors: Kousha Kayvan , Thelwall Mike , Rezaie Somayeh 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCitation indictors are increasingly used in some subject areas to support peer review in the evaluation of researchers and departments. Nevertheless, traditional journal‐based citation indexes may be inadequate for the citation impact assessment of book‐based disciplines. This article examines whether online citations from Google Books and Google Scholar can provide alternative sources of citation evidence. To investigate this, we compared the citation counts to 1,000 books submitted to the 2008 U.K. Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) from Google Books and Google Scholar with Scopus citations across seven book‐based disciplines (archaeology; law; politics and international studies; philosophy; sociology; history; and communication, cultural, and media studies). Google Books and Google Scholar citations to books were 1.4 and 3.2 times more common than were Scopus citations, and their medians were more than twice and three times as high as were Scopus median citations, respectively. This large number of citations is evidence that in book‐oriented disciplines in the social sciences, arts, and humanities, online book citations may be sufficiently numerous to support peer review for research evaluation, at least in the United Kingdom.
Understanding image needs in daily life by analyzing questions in a social Q&A site
Authors: Yoon JungWon , Chung EunKyung 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCompared with search queries, which are usually composed of a few keywords, natural language questions can demonstrate detailed information needs through searchers' richer expressions. This study aims to provide understandings of ordinary people's image needs in their daily life, by analyzing 474 questions obtained from a social question and answer (social Q&A) site. The study found that image needs reflected through the natural language questions contain several components: context of image needs (motive and intervening variables), image attributes (descriptive metadata, syntactic, and semantic attributes), and associated information (information on known/similar/comparative images and related stories). Characteristics of each component of image needs were analyzed, and accordingly image‐indexing guidelines were suggested. Because image needs comprise diverse attributes, a single indexing approach might not support all complex needs for images. Therefore, this study proposes that different indexing approaches should be integrated for enhancing keyword search and browsing effectiveness. Such approaches include descriptive metadata assigned by a creator and/or automatic algorithms, user‐assigned tags (or users' reactions), indexing through associated text, and content‐based image retrieval.
Cytocompatible Poly(ethylene glycol)‐co‐polycarbonate Hydrogels Cross‐Linked by Copper‐Free, Strain‐Promoted Click Chemistry
Authors: Xu Jianwen , Filion Tera M. , Prifti Fioleda , Song Jie 
Published: September 2011

AbstractStrategies to encapsulate cells in cytocompatible three‐dimensional hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties and degradability without harmful gelling conditions are highly desired for regenerative medicine applications. Here we reported a method for preparing poly(ethylene glycol)‐co‐polycarbonate hydrogels through copper‐free, strain‐promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) click chemistry. Hydrogels with varying mechanical properties were formed by “clicking” azido‐functionalized poly(ethylene glycol)‐co‐polycarbonate macromers with dibenzocyclooctyne‐functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) under physiological conditions within minutes. Bone marrow stromal cells encapsulated in these gels exhibited higher cellular viability than those encapsulated in photo‐cross‐linked poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate. The precise control over the macromer compositions, cytocompatible SPAAC cross‐linking, and the degradability of the polycarbonate segments make these hydrogels promising candidates for scaffold and stem cell assisted tissue repair and regeneration.
Fabrication and Functionalization of Hydrogels through “Click” Chemistry
Authors: Yigit Sezin , Sanyal Rana , Sanyal Amitav 
Published: September 2011

AbstractHydrogels are crosslinked polymeric materials that play a vital role in many biomedical areas such as drug delivery, sensor technology, and tissue engineering. Increasing demand of these materials for such advanced applications has necessitated the development of hydrogels with complex chemical compositions such as incorporating small molecules and biomolecules that provide the functional attributes. This Focus Review highlights the tremendous impact of click chemistry on the design, synthesis, and functionalization of hydrogels. The high efficiency and fidelity of the click reactions have enabled rapid and modular synthesis of hydrogels with near‐ideal network structures. Efficient incorporation of biomolecular building blocks, such as peptide sequences either during or after the fabrication of hydrogels, have been achieved through various click reactions. Utilization of these efficient reactions has led to the fabrication of many stimuli‐responsive or ′smart′ hydrogels in recent years.
Plume Expansion Dynamics of Matrix‐Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization
Authors: Liang Chi‐Wei , Lee Chih‐Hao , Lee Yuan‐Tseh , Ni Chi‐Kung 
Published: September 2011

AbstractHigh‐resolution angular and velocity distributions for neutral analytes (tryptophan and poly‐tryptophan) and matrix (2,4,6‐trihydroxyacetophenon, THAP) are measured by using 355 nm laser desorption. The information suggests that two separate mechanisms dominate the angular and velocity distributions at the beginning and before the end of desorption. A molecular jet‐like isentropic expansion dominates the plume expansion at the beginning of desorption. This only occurs at high surface temperature, thus resulting in a large velocity normal to the surface and a very narrow angular distribution. Most of the analytes are produced under these conditions. Before the end of desorption, the surface temperature decreases and the mechanism of thermal desorption at low vapor pressure takes over. The velocities become small and the angular distribution is close to cosθ. Only a very small amount of analytes are generated under these conditions. Compared to tryptophan, poly‐tryptophan has a much narrower angular distribution, thereby suggesting that it is only produced at the higher surface temperatures.
Impairments in multisensory processing are not universal to the autism spectrum: no evidence for crossmodal priming deficits in Asperger syndrome
Authors: David Nicole , R. Schneider Till , Vogeley Kai , Engel Andreas K. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIndividuals suffering from autism spectrum disorders (ASD) often show a tendency for detail‐ or feature‐based perception (also referred to as “local processing bias”) instead of more holistic stimulus processing typical for unaffected people. This local processing bias has been demonstrated for the visual and auditory domains and there is evidence that multisensory processing may also be affected in ASD. Most multisensory processing paradigms used social‐communicative stimuli, such as human speech or faces, probing the processing of simultaneously occuring sensory signals. Multisensory processing, however, is not limited to simultaneous stimulation. In this study, we investigated whether multisensory processing deficits in ASD persist when semantically complex but nonsocial stimuli are presented in succession. Fifteen adult individuals with Asperger syndrome and 15 control persons participated in a visual‐audio priming task, which required the classification of sounds that were either primed by semantically congruent or incongruent preceding pictures of objects. As expected, performance on congruent trials was faster and more accurate compared with incongruent trials (crossmodal priming effect). The Asperger group, however, did not differ significantly from the control group. Our results do not support a general multisensory processing deficit, which is universal to the entire autism spectrum. Autism Res 2011,4:383–388. © 2011 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Are thyroid hormone concentrations at birth associated with subsequent autism diagnosis?
Authors: Hoshiko Sumi , Grether Judith K. , Windham Gayle C. , Smith Daniel , Fessel Karen 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThyroid hormones substantially influence central nervous system development during gestation. We hypothesized that perturbations of early thyroid profiles may contribute to the development of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Thyroid pathways could provide a mechanism by which environmental factors that affect the thyroid system may impact autism occurrence or phenotypic expression. We investigated whether thyroxine (T4) levels at birth are associated with subsequent ASD, using two existing California study groups in multivariate analysis. One study group included children born in the San Francisco Bay Area in 1994, with cases identified through the California Department of Developmental Services (DDS) and/or the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program of Northern California (244 cases, 266 controls); the other included children born in California in 1995, with cases identified through DDS (310 cases, 518 controls). Matched controls were selected from birth certificate records. This exploratory analysis suggested that infants with very low T4 (<3rd percentile) may have higher ASD risk, although results reached statistical significance only for the 1995 study group (1995: OR = 2.74 (95% CI 1.30–5.75; 1994: OR = 1.71 (95% CI 0.57–5.19). A variety of alternate analyses were conducted with available data, without further resolution of the difference between the two study groups. The results of our study indicate that further studies are warranted to investigate whether thyroid hormone perturbations play a role in the development of ASD by evaluating additional potential confounders and genotype or phenotype in larger studies. Autism Res 2011,4:456–463. © 2011 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Individual Differences in Numeracy and Cognitive Reflection, with Implications for Biases and Fallacies in Probability Judgment
Authors: Liberali Jordana M. , Reyna Valerie F. , Furlan Sarah , Stein Lilian M. , Pardo Seth T. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTDespite evidence that individual differences in numeracy affect judgment and decision making, the precise mechanisms underlying how such differences produce biases and fallacies remain unclear. Numeracy scales have been developed without sufficient theoretical grounding, and their relation to other cognitive tasks that assess numerical reasoning, such as the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT), has been debated. In studies conducted in Brazil and in the USA, we administered an objective Numeracy Scale (NS), Subjective Numeracy Scale (SNS), and the CRT to assess whether they measured similar constructs. The Rational–Experiential Inventory, inhibition (go/no‐go task), and intelligence were also investigated. By examining factor solutions along with frequent errors for questions that loaded on each factor, we characterized different types of processing captured by different items on these scales. We also tested the predictive power of these factors to account for biases and fallacies in probability judgments. In the first study, 259 Brazilian undergraduates were tested on the conjunction and disjunction fallacies. In the second study, 190 American undergraduates responded to a ratio‐bias task. Across the different samples, the results were remarkably similar. The results indicated that the CRT is not just another numeracy scale, that objective and subjective numeracy scales do not measure an identical construct, and that different aspects of numeracy predict different biases and fallacies. Dimensions of numeracy included computational skills such as multiplying, proportional reasoning, mindless or verbatim matching, metacognitive monitoring, and understanding the gist of relative magnitude, consistent with dual‐process theories such as fuzzy‐trace theory. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polymorphisms of stress‐related genes and the risk of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate
Authors: Mostowska Adrianna , Hozyasz Kamil K. , Wojcicka Karolina , Lianeri Margarita , Jagodzinski Pawel P. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NCL/P) is a common structural malformation with a complex and multifactorial etiology. It has been shown that maternal psychological stress in the periconceptional period can contribute to an increase in the risk of NCL/P affecting pregnancy. METHODS: Twenty‐four single nucleotide polymorphisms of 11 stress‐related genes (COMT, CRHR1, FKBP5, GABRA6, HSD11β2, MAOA, NPY, NR3C1, SERPINA6, SLC6A4, and TPH2) were investigated in 220 healthy mothers of children with facial clefts and 210 matched controls using restriction fragment‐length polymorphism and high‐resolution melting analysis. RESULTS: We found that polymorphisms in SLC6A4, TPH2, and SERPINA6 appear to be maternal factors increasing the risk of having a child with facial clefts. The closest correlations with NCL/P were found for the SLC6A4 rs2020942 and TPH2 rs10879357 gene variants (odds ratio [OR], 1.720; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.158–2.553; p = 0.0069; ptrend = 0.0036; and OR, 1.837; 95% CI, 1.226–2.753, p = 0.0030, ptrend = 0.0057; respectively). Moreover, haplotype analysis revealed that several combinations of markers in SLC6A4, TPH2, and SERPINA6 might be significantly associated with the risk of NCL/P affected pregnancies. However, these associations were not statistically significant after correction for multiple testing. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that nucleotide variants of genes encoding components of the hypothalamus‐pituitary‐adrenal axis and serotoninergic system have a role in the etiology of NCL/P in the Polish population. SLC6A4, TPH2, and SERPINA6 might be novel candidate genes for this common congenital anomaly. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The two faces of FBW7 in cancer drug resistance
Authors: Wang Zhiwei , Fukushima Hidefumi , Gao Daming , Inuzuka Hiroyuki , Wan Lixin , Lau Alan W. , Liu Pengda , Wei Wenyi 
Published: September 2011

AbstractChemotherapy is an important therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. However, drug resistance is an obstacle that often impairs the successful use of chemotherapies. Therefore, overcoming drug resistance would lead to better therapeutic outcomes for cancer patients. Recently, studies by our own and other groups have demonstrated that there is an intimate correlation between the loss of the F‐box and WD repeat domain‐containing 7 (FBW7) tumor suppressor and the incurring drug resistance. While loss of FBW7 sensitizes cancer cells to certain drugs, FBW7‐/‐ cells are more resistant to other types of chemotherapies. FBW7 exerts its tumor suppressor function by promoting the degradation of various oncoproteins that regulate many cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, cellular metabolism, differentiation, and apoptosis. Since loss of the FBW7 tumor suppressor is linked to drug resistance, FBW7 may represent a novel therapeutic target to increase drug sensitivity of cancer cells to conventional chemotherapeutics. This paper thus focuses on the new functional aspects of FBW7 in drug resistance.
Fabrication of core‐sheath structured fibers for model drug release and tissue engineering by emulsion electrospinning
Authors: Wei Kai , Li Yuan , Mugishima Hikaru , Teramoto Akira , Abe Koji 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA nano‐brous core‐sheath structured scaffold incorporated with bioactive agents is supposed to promote cell migration, proliferation, and gene expressions through the controllable and sustainable release of bioactive agents from the fibers and the preservation of bioactivity. Here we present a novel and effective emulsion electrospinning method for obtaining fluorescein isothiocyanate‐dextran (FITC‐dextran)/poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) and type I collagen/PLGA fibrous composite scaffolds. Core‐sheath structured fibers with average diameters of 665 nm for FITC‐dextran/PLGA and 567 nm for collagen/PLGA were successfully fabricated. In vitro‐release profile shows sustained release of encapsulated FITC‐dextran from FITC‐dextran/PLGA fibers for as long as 7 weeks. The osteoblastic activity of the collagen/PLGA nanofibrous scaffold was investigated employing the osteoblastic‐like MC3T3‐E1 cell line. The results of the lactate dehydrogenase assay suggested excellent cytocompatibility. Cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity were also ameliorated on this emulsion‐electrospun collagen/PLGA fibrous scaffold. All the results indicated that this composite scaffold could support the early stages of osteoblast behavior as well as the immediate/late stages. The emulsion electrospinning process has potential for application in drug‐release devices and as a 3‐D scaffold in bone regeneration.
Eukaryotic metabolism: Measuring compartment fluxes
Authors: Wahrheit Judith , Nicolae Averina , Heinzle Elmar 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMetabolic compartmentation represents a major characteristic of eukaryotic cells. The analysis of compartmented metabolic networks is complicated by separation and parallelization of pathways, intracellular transport, and the need for regulatory systems to mediate communication between interdependent compartments. Metabolic flux analysis (MFA) has the potential to reveal compartmented metabolic events, although it is a challenging task requiring demanding experimental techniques and sophisticated modeling. At present no ready‐made solution can be provided to cope with the complexity of compartmented metabolic networks, but new powerful tools are emerging. This review gives an overview of different strategies to approach this issue, focusing on different MFA methods and highlighting the additional information that should be included to improve the outcome of an experiment and associate estimation procedures.
Management and outcomes of haemorrhage after pancreatogastrostomy versus pancreatojejunostomy
Authors: Eckardt A J , Klein F , Adler A , Veltzke-Schlieker W , Warnick P , Bahra M , Wiedenmann B , Neuhaus P , Neumann K , Glanemann M 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background
Postpancreatectomy haemorrhage (PPH) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). It remains unclear whether performance of a pancreatogastrostomy (PG) instead of a pancreatojejunostomy (PJ) improves outcomes owing to better endoscopic accessibility.

Methods
A large retrospective analysis was undertaken to compare outcomes of PPH, depending on whether a PG or PJ was performed. The primary outcome was the rate of successful endoscopy. A secondary outcome was the therapeutic success after adding surgery.

Results
Of 944 patients who had a PD, 8·4 per cent developed PPH. Endoscopy was the primary intervention in 21 (81 per cent) of 26 patients with a PG and 34 (64 per cent) of 53 with a PJ; it identified the bleeding site in 35 and 25 per cent respectively (P = 0·347). Successful endoscopic treatment was more common in the PG group (31 versus 9 per cent; P = 0·026). Surgery was performed for PPH in 15 patients (58 per cent) with a PG and 35 (66 per cent) with a PJ (P = 0·470). The majority of haemorrhages that required surgery were non-anastomotic intra-abdominal haemorrhages (12 of 15 versus 21 of 35; P = 0·171). Endoscopic or conservative treatment for PPH was successful in 42 per cent of patients with a PG and 32 per cent with a PJ (P = 0·520). The success rate increased to 85 and 91 per cent respectively when surgery was included in the algorithm (P = 0·467).

Conclusion
The type of pancreatic anastomosis and its inherent effect on endoscopic accessibility had very little impact on the outcome of PPH. This was because haemorrhage frequently occurred from intra-abdominal or non-anastomotic intraluminal lesions.