bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction between lactic acid bacteria and yeasts in airag, an alcoholic fermented milk
Authors: SUDUN  , WULIJIDELIGEN  , ARAKAWA Kensuke , MIYAMOTO Mari , MIYAMOTO Taku 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThe interaction between nine lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and five yeast strains isolated from airag of Inner Mongolia Autonomic Region, China was investigated. Three representative LAB and two yeasts showed symbioses were selected and incubated in 10% (w/v) reconstituted skim milk as single and mixed cultures to measure viable count, titratable acidity, ethanol and sugar content every 24 h for 1 week. LAB and yeasts showed high viable counts in the mixed cultures compared to the single cultures. Titratable acidity of the mixed cultures was obviously enhanced compared with that of the single cultures, except for the combinations of Lactobacillus reuteri 940B3 with Saccharomyces cerevisiae 4C and Lactobacillus helveticus 130B4 with Candida kefyr 2Y305. C. kefyr 2Y305 produced large amounts of ethanol (maximum 1.35 g/L), whereas non‐lactose‐fermenting S. cerevisiae 4C produced large amounts of ethanol only in the mixed cultures. Total glucose and galactose content increased while lactose content decreased in the single cultures of Leuconostoc mesenteroides 6B2081 and Lb. helveticus 130B4. However, both glucose and galactose were completely consumed and lactose was markedly reduced in the mixed cultures with yeasts. The result suggests that yeasts utilize glucose and galactose produced by LAB lactase to promote cell growth.
Genome Analysis of Bovine-Mastitis-Associated Escherichia coli O32:H37 Strain P4
Authors: Blum Shlomo , Sela Noa , Heller Elimelech D. , Sela Shlomo , Leitner Gabriel 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

Escherichia coli
is a major pathogen of bovine intramammary infections. Here we report the first draft of the genome sequence of the
E. coli
O32:H37 P4 strain, which is widely used in experimental bovine mastitis studies.
Genome Sequence of Pseudoalteromonas flavipulchra JG1, a Marine Antagonistic Bacterium with Abundant Antimicrobial Metabolites
Authors: Yu Min , Tang Kaihao , Shi Xiaochong , Zhang Xiao-Hua 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

The marine bacterium
Pseudoalteromonas flavipulchra
JG1 can synthesize various antibacterial metabolites, including protein and small molecules. The draft genome of JG1 is about 5.36 Mb and harbors approximate 4,913 genes, which will provide further insight into the synthesis of antimicrobial agents and antagonistic mechanisms of
P. flavipulchra
against pathogens.
Genomic Analysis of the Emergence of Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Kobayashi Scott D. , Musser James M. , DeLeo Frank R. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus aureus
is a human commensal bacterium and a prominent cause of infections globally. The high incidence of
S. aureus
infections is compounded by the ability of the microbe to readily acquire resistance to antibiotics. In the United States, methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
(
MRSA
)
is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality by a single infectious agent. Therapeutic options for severe MRSA infections are limited to a few antibiotics to which the organism is typically susceptible, including vancomycin. Acquisition of high-level vancomycin resistance by MRSA is a major concern, but to date, there have been only 12 vancomycin-resistant
S. aureus
(
VRSA
)
isolates reported in the United States and all belong to a phylogenetic lineage known as clonal complex 5. To gain enhanced understanding of the genetic characteristics conducive to the acquisition of vancomycin resistance by
S. aureus
, V. N. Kos et al. performed whole-genome sequencing of all 12 VRSA isolates and compared the DNA sequences to the genomes of other
S. aureus
strains. The findings provide new information about the evolutionary history of VRSA and identify genetic features that may bear on the relationship between
S. aureus
clonal complex 5 strains and the acquisition of vancomycin resistance genes from enterococci
.
Dose-dependency of massage-like compressive loading on recovery of active muscle properties following eccentric exercise: rabbit study with clinical relevance
Authors: Haas Caroline , Butterfield Timothy A , Zhao Yi , Zhang Xiaoli , Jarjoura David , Best Thomas M 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundOptimal strategies for massage and its use in athletes have not been conclusively demonstrated.Purpose/study designEffects of varying duration, frequency and magnitude of massage-like compressive loading (MLL) on recovery of skeletal muscle active properties (torque angle (T-Θ) relationship) following exercise-induced muscle injury were studied.MethodsTwenty-four New Zealand White rabbits were surgically instrumented with bilateral peroneal nerve cuffs for stimulation of hindlimb tibialis anterior muscles. Following a bout of eccentric exercise (EEX), rabbits were randomly assigned to a MLL protocol of 0.25 or 0.5 Hz at 5 or 10 N for 15 or 30 min. T-Θ was obtained for 21 tibiotarsal joint angles pre- and post-EEX and post 4 consecutive days of MLL. Muscle wet weight and H&E sections were obtained following final treatments.ResultsEEX produced an average 61.8%±2.1 decrease in peak isometric torque output. Differences in torque recovery were found between magnitudes (5 and 10 N; p=0.004, n=12) and frequencies (0.25 and 0.5 Hz; p=0.012, n=12), but no difference for durations (15 and 30 min) with the 0.5 Hz, 10 N, 15 min protocol showing greatest recovery 4 days post-EEX. MLL muscle (n=12) wet weight was 3.22±0.18 g, while no MLL tissue (n=9) weighed 3.74±0.22 g (p=0.029). Histological analysis showed a difference in torn fibres between low-parameter and high-parameter MLL (6.5±1.04 vs 0.5±0.29 per 0.59 mm2, p=0.005).ConclusionsResults showed a dose-response effect for magnitude and frequency of MLL on recovery of active muscle properties following EEX. Future studies will investigate underlying biological mechanisms for this enhanced recovery of muscle function.
Patient visits to the emergency department at a Norwegian university hospital: variations in patient gender and age, timing of visits, and patient acuity
Authors: Bjørnsen Lars Petter , Uleberg Oddvar , Dale Jostein 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundThe patient visits to Norwegian emergency departments (EDs) have increased significantly over the last few years. A national evaluation revealed a lack of systematic activity control, resource management and quality improvement. This paper describes some variables in patient visits to an urban Norwegian university hospital.MethodsThe retrospective data were collected from a database (Akuttdatabasen) and included all patients admitted to the main ED at the St. Olav's University Hospital between 1 December 2010 and 1 December 2011.ResultsED visits have increased by 44% over the last decade and show considerable timely variations. Almost 50% of the patients are older than 65 years of age. The rate of patients triaged with the highest acuity level was 11%, but only 1.3% of the patients were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The total admission rate was 89%.ConclusionsThe increase in ED visits to the St. Olav's Hospital in recent years follows the same trend as in other countries. The authors see a slightly higher percentage of high level acuity patients compared with international studies due the general practitioner's intended ‘gatekeeper’ function. The authors also found a high total admission rate and a low ICU admission rate compared with other countries. These differences cannot be explained solely by differences in the healthcare system in Norway. The cultural and traditional organisation of the Norwegian Health Care System needs to change and this creates an excellent opportunity to improve the competence by establishing emergency medicine as a specialty in Norway.
Board Structure, Intra-Industry Competition, and the R&D Announcement Effect
Authors: Yeh Yin-Hua , Shu Pei-Gi , Ho Fu-Sheng , Su Yu-Hui 
Published: June 2012

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate how investors perceive and respond to a firm's R&D announcement. We propose that board structure and intra-industry competition jointly dictate the announcement return. In addition, we assume that investors prefer carefully scrutinized R&D investments to mitigate asymmetric-information risks. Finally, we assume that investors prefer a sustainable R&D investment to prevent intense intra-industry competition and to ensure profit potential. We use a sample of 229 announcements made by 116 Taiwanese listed firms to verify our postulation. Our postulation is the abnormal returns are positively correlated with board independence while negatively correlated with board size. We construct two variables to capture intra-industry competition: (i) the number of days that have elapsed since a competitor's prior announcement and (ii) the ordinal number of announcements in the same industry. Our results show that the announcement effect is negatively correlated with industry R&D intensity. The negative effect is partially ameliorated when the lapse since a prior competitor's announcement is long. Moreover, the announcement effect is also lower when the announcing firm has a high-level of R&D intensity and has experienced numerous prior R&D announcements in the same industry.
BS1-2: Stem and Progenitor Cells and the Origins of Breast Cancer Heterogeneity.
Authors: Smalley MJ , Molyneux G , Melchor L 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Breast cancer heterogeneity results from different genetic lesions occurring in different stem or progenitor cells of origin. We previously demonstrated that deletion of the Brca1 tumour suppressor in basal stem cells or luminal estrogen receptor negative progenitors in the mouse mammary epithelium resulted in very different tumour phenotypes. Remarkably, the progenitor origin tumours most closely resembled human BRCA1 tumours. Having examined what occurs when the same genetic lesion is made is different cells of origin, we are now examining the results of making different lesions in the same cell. We have knocked out different combinations of Brca2, Pten and p53 in the luminal progenitors and carried out a comparative analysis of the resulting tumours. Confirming the hypothesis that tumour heterogeneity is dependent on both genetic lesion and cell of origin, widely differing tumour phenotypes were generated. Remarkably, one gene combination generated tumours in which the same cells expressed both basal and luminal cell lineage terminal differentiation markers. These results have important implications for our understanding of the origins of tumour cellular heterogeneity.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr BS1-2.
DL1-1: Adaptive Resistance to Targeted Therapies.
Authors: Brugge JS , Muranen T , Zoeller J , Worster D , Iwanicki M , Selfors L , Mills G 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
While therapies that target specific molecular alterations in human tumors are showing significant efficacy in the clinic, drug resistance remains a major obstacle. Studies from our laboratory and others have provided evidence that PI3K- and HER2− targeted therapies induce a program of molecular responses to drug treatment that significantly contributes to drug resistance. Interestingly, we have found that resistance in vitro and in mouse models is significantly enriched in cells attached to basement membrane. This resistance correlates with specific upregulation of the adaptive response in the matrix-attached cells. Importantly, inhibition of key components of the adaptive response, like BCL-2, abrogates the drug-induced adaptive resistance. We propose a model in which matrix-protection from targeted therapies allows survival of a subpopulation of tumor cells associated with matrix/basement membrane which expand and lead to more stable drug resistance.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr DL1-1.
ES2-3: Patient-Derived Xenograft Models for Preclinical Breast Cancer Research: Not Just "Basal" Anymore.
Authors: Lewis MT 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Translational breast cancer research is hampered by difficulties in obtaining and studying primary human breast tissue, and by the lack of in vivo preclinical models that reflect the range of patient tumor biology accurately. In an effort to overcome these limitations, several groups have recently succeeded in propagating patient-derived breast cancer xenografts representing multiple breast cancer subtypes, including estrogen and progesterone receptor positive, and HER2 positive tumors. In our laboratory, we have developed a diverse set of human breast tumors grown as xenografts in the mammary fat pad of SCID/Beige and NOD/SCID/IL2γ-receptor null (NSG) mice, two relatively new immunocompromised mouse models, under various transplant conditions. In all cases, xenograft lines were established directly from breast cancer patient samples, without intervening culture in vitro, using the epithelium-free mammary fat pad as the transplantation site. Of the conditions tested, xenograft take rate was highest in the presence of a low-dose estradiol pellet without exogenous human fibroblasts. Thirty five stably transplantable xenograft lines representing 27 patients were established, using pre-treatment, mid-treatment, and/or post-treatment samples. Most patients yielding xenografts were “triple-negative” (ER−PR-HER2−) (n=21). However, we were able to establish lines from three ER−PR-HER2+ patients, one ER+PR+HER2−, one ER+PR-HER2−, and one “triple-positive” (ER+PR+HER2+) patients. Serially passaged xenografts show phenotypic consistency with the tumor of origin at the histopathology level, and remarkable stability across multiple transplant generations at both the genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic levels. Of 27 lines evaluated fully, thirteen xenografts showed metastasis to the mouse lung. These models, in conjunction with others like them, thus serve as renewable, quality-controlled tissue resources, and are proving useful for preclinical evaluation of experimental therapeutics.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr ES2-3.
ES8-1: Breast Reconstruction with Implants and Post-Mastectomy Irradiation: Algorithm and Outcomes.
Authors: Cordeiro PG 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Breast reconstruction in the face of radiotherapy proposes a unique set of challenges to the plastic surgeon and often alters the algorithm of the reconstruction. The impact of radiation changes on the alloplastic breast reconstruction is unpredictable. The author will review current approaches to reconstruction of the patient if they are to undergo post-mastectomy radiation. The algorithm for reconstruction and outcomes after radiation will be presented.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr ES8-1.
MS2-1: Early Life Exposures and Breast Cancer Risk: Preeclampsia and Puberty.
Authors: Forman MR 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Women diagnosed with preeclampsia (PE) in pregnancy have a 12–72% reduced risk of breast cancer compared to women with a normotensive pregnancy while her daughter from the index pregnancy also has a lower breast cancer risk than normotensive (NT) daughters. Why is this so? The preeclamptic (PE) pregnancy is highly androgenic with low levels of estrogens and insulin-like growth factor −1 levels. We followed a cohort of offspring of preeclamptic pregnancies and of normotensive pregnancies from birth through 12.8 years to examine whether daughters of the PE pregnancy would delay breast development, have lower estrogens and IGF-1 levels in puberty compared to their normotensive offspring and also compared factors influencing age at onset of puberty in the PE and NT girls. In young pubertal aged girls of 10 years, high dehydroepiandosterone- sulfate levels (DHEAS) but low testosterone levels may reflect the in utero exposures of the PE compared to the NT offspring. By 13 years, PE daughters had a 20% lower risk of breast development (OR= 0.80 95% CI 0.70−1.00). In an examination of the role of early life exposures on age at onset of puberty, we report that age of greatest weight gain in infancy is earlier for the NT (3-6 months) than the PE (6-12 months) and that age of greatest weight gain in infancy is associated with the odds of age at onset of puberty. Our findings and those of others in early life exposures and breast cancer risk provide clues to tailoring the effect of early exposures by maternal morbidity in pregnancy.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr MS2-1.
MS2-3: Breast Cancer and the Environment: Developmental Reprogramming of Cancer Susceptibility by Early Life Environmental Exposures.
Authors: Walker CL 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
In the last two decades it has become appreciated that adverse environmental exposures early in life can have a profound impact on susceptibility to adult diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cancer. The “developmental origins of health and disease” or DOHaD hypothesis, posits that environmental exposures during key periods of tissue development and organogenesis can “reprogram” the cell's epigenome in a way that increases susceptibility to disease later in life. It is now clear that even brief environmental exposures can reprogram developing tissues and profoundly increase risk of developing cancer in adulthood decades after the exposures occurred. This developmental reprogramming has been best appreciated in the context of early life exposures to environmental agents such as xenoestrogens that mimic steroid hormones, with such exposures dramatically increasing susceptibility to hormone-dependent tumors of the breast and reproductive tract later in life. Recent advances in the field of environmental epigenomics have provided data that epigenetic alterations in both DNA methylation and histone methyl marks are induced during developmental reprogramming. In some tissues, xenoestrogens induce these epigenetic alterations via activation of non-genomic signaling, providing a direct link between xenoestrogen exposure and disruption of the cell's epigenetic machinery. For example, xenoestrogeninduced activation of non-genomic PI3K/AKT signaling has been shown to target the histone methyltransferase EZH2, modulating the activity of this epigenetic “writer” and disrupting the proper “installation” of epigenetic histone methyl marks during development. Understanding the nature of the epigenetic reprogramming induced by early life exposures to xenoestrogens (and other environmental agents) has important implications for our understanding of breast cancer susceptibility across the life-course and for identifying effective strategies to prevent this disease.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr MS2-3.
OT1-01-03: A Phase 3 Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Multicenter Study Comparing Denosumab with Placebo as Adjuvant Treatment for Women with Early-Stage Breast Cancer Who Are at High Risk of Disease Recurrence (D-CARE).
Authors: Goss PE , Barrios CH , Bell R , Finkelstein D , Iwata H , Martin M , Braun A , Ke C , Maniar T , Braun S , Dansey R , Coleman RE 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Background
Bone is a common site of distant recurrence in women with early-stage breast cancer. Cancer cells are thought to stimulate osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, which releases growth factors and cytokines that promote tumor growth. RANK Ligand (RANKL) is the key mediator of osteoclast-induced bone destruction. In preclinical studies, RANKL inhibition reduced the incidence of bone and lung metastases, suppressed tumor progression, and prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice. Effects were additive with hormonal, chemotherapy, or targeted therapies. Denosumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody against RANKL, approved in the U.S. for the prevention of skeletal-related events in patients with bone metastases from solid tumors. In patients with castrate-resistant prostate cancer, denosumab significantly improved bone metastasis-free survival (BMFS) compared to placebo. The D-CARE trial evaluates BMFS effects of denosumab in women with stage II or III breast cancer.
Methods: Women with node-positive or locally advanced (T3 or T4) disease, and known hormone and HER-2 receptor status are eligible. Standard-of-care adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemo-, endocrine, or HER-2 targeted therapy, alone or in combination must be planned with curative intent. Women with a prior history of breast cancer (other than ductal carcinoma in situ [DCIS] or lobular carcinoma in situ [LCIS]) or distant metastasis, oral bisphosphonate (BP) use within 1 year or any intravenous BP use are excluded. Patients are randomized 1:1 to receive denosumab 120 mg or placebo subcutaneously monthly for 6 mos, then every 3 mos, for a total of 5 yrs treatment. All patients receive vitamin D (≥ 400 IU) and calcium (≥ 500 mg) supplements. Primary endpoint of this event-driven trial is BMFS. Secondary endpoints include disease-free (DFS) and overall survival. The study is powered for both, BMFS and DFS. Safety, quality of life assessments and biomarkers are additional endpoints. The trial, sponsored by Amgen Inc. and registered with the ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01077154 began enrolling patients in June 2010. PG and DF are supported in part by the Avon Foundation, NY.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr OT1-01-03.
OT1-02-01: Phase II Neoadjuvant Trial of Anthracycline Based Regimens Followed by a Combination with Nanoparticle Almumin-Bound Paclitaxel and Trastuzumab in Patients with Operable T2-3,N0-1,Her2 Positive Breast Cancer.
Authors: Iwamoto M , Takahashi Y , Kimura K , Tanaka S , Uchiyama K 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Background: Anthracycline and taxane have been widely used and studied in neoadjuvant setting for treatment of locally advanced breast cancer. Various regimens have explored the addition of newer agents to determine safety and efficacy, and pathological complete response(pCR) has been demonstrated to be associated with favorable overall survival in primary breast cancer. In addition, Three year median follow-up data of the TECHNO Trial revealed that the neoadjuvant combination of trastuzumab and chemotherapy resulted in a high chance for a pCR. We conducted a clinical Phase II neoadjuvant trial of Anthracycline based regimens(EC,AC,FEC) followed by a combination with nanoparticle albumin-bound Paclitaxel and Trastuzumab in patients with operable T2-3,N0-1,Her2 positive breast cancer.
Patients and Methods: The study is designed to evaluate EC or AC or FEC followed a combination of nanoparticle almumin-bound Paclitaxel and Trastuzumab as neoadjuvant therapy in patients with Her2 positive locally advanced(T2-3,N0-1) breast cancer. Patients are treated with neoadjuvant EC(Epirubicin 90 mg/m2, Cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2) or AC(Doxorubicin 90 mg/m2, Cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2) or FEC(Fluorouracil 500mg/m2, Epirubicin 100 mg/m2, Cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2) q21d x 4, follosed by a combination with nanoparticle almumin-bound Paclitaxel(260 mg/m2) and Trastuzumab q21d x 4.
Patients undergo surgery 4–6 weeks later from completing chemotherapy. pCR, the primary endpoint is defined as no evidence of invasive tumors in the final surgical sample both in the breast and axillary lymph nodes. Secondary endpoints include objective clinical response rate, disease-free interval, overall survival, rate of breast concerving surgery, and the safety of the treatment.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr OT1-02-01.