bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Factors Other Than Pathologic Status on Responsiveness of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Patients With Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Suzuki Jon B. , Sims Tom J. , Page Roy C. 
Published: March 2012

Studies were designed to assess factors other than pathologic status of the cell donor which affect the blastogenic responsiveness in vitro of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMs) from normal donors and patients with periodontitis. Cultures were established and activated using phytohemagglutinin‐P (PHA) or homogenates of Actinomyces viscosus (AVIS), a gram‐positive plaque microorganism, and Fusobacterium nucleatum (FUSO), a gram‐negative plaque microorganism. Activation was assessed by measuring the incorporation of labeled precursor into DNA. The effects of incubation time, vessel shape, cell concentration, prostaglandin E2 and indomethacin on blastogenic responsiveness were studied.Blastogenic responsiveness became maximal after 5 to 8 days' activation with the bacterial substances, and after 3 days' activation with PHA. Radioactivity incorporated by cultures in microtest wells with flat, round and conical bottoms was 5.9, 7.8 and 10.6 × 103 cpm, respectively. Cultures of cells from all of the patients and normal subjects were activated by PHA, AVIS and FUSO, and cell concentration was a major determinant of the magnitude of the blastogenic response. Responsiveness of cultures from all patients and control subjects activated with AVIS and FUSO was inhibited significantly by Prostaglandin E‐2 (PGE2) at a concentration of 10 μm. Inhibition was generally 50% or greater. Indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin production, at a concentration of 0.5 μg/ml significantly enhanced responsiveness of AVIS‐ and FUSO‐activated cultures from control donors and patients, indicating that prostaglandins are produced endogenously, and that they affect cell responsiveness. The effect of PGE2 and indomethacin on PHA‐activated cultures was more variable and, where present, of a lesser magnitude than that observed for cultures activated with bacterial homogenates. In most cultures the effects were not statistically significant. Our data show that in studies of lymphocyte activation, the incubation time, culture‐vessel shape, cell concentration and presence of endogenous inhibitors need to be taken into account.
The Prevalence and Distribution of Intrabony Defects in Dry Mandibles
Authors: Tal Haim 
Published: March 2012

One hundred mandibles of South African Negroes were examined for the presence of intrabony defects, and the distance between the cemento‐enamel junction and alveolar bone crest was measured along the buccal and lingual surface of roots associated with interdental craters.Two‐hundred thirty‐one intrabony defects were detected (4.1% of the possible occurrences). There were 51 craters, 19 of which were associated with the distal surfaces of the second molars. Most craters (84.3%) had higher lingual than buccal walls. Seventy‐one defects (35.8%) were one‐walled pockets, 98 defects (49.6%) were two‐walled pockets and 30 (15%) were three‐walled pockets. Twenty‐eight one‐walled pockets (39.4%) formed hemisepta against interproximal root surfaces. Mesial surfaces of canines were the most commonly involved with hemisepta.There was an increase in the frequency of intrabony pockets from the anterior to the posterior zones of the mandibles. Interproximal root surfaces were by far more commonly associated with defects than buccal or lingual surfaces.
Relative Resistance of Long Junctional Epithelial Adhesions and Connective Tissue Attachments to Plaque‐Induced Inflammation
Authors: Beaumont Robert H. , O'Leary Timothy J. , Kafrawy Abdel H. 
Published: March 2012

This study compared the resistance to periodontal disease of the long junctional epithelial adhesion and the naturally occurring dentogingival junction. Two groups were used, each containing three young male beagle dogs with all permanent teeth erupted. Periodontitis was induced around maxillary and mandibular premolars in the experimental dogs over a 42‐day period, using subgingival ligatures and a soft diet. Fourteen days after ligature removal, flaps were reflected, granulation tissue was removed and the roots were planed to the alveolar crest. Reference grooves were placed in the root surfaces at the level of the alveolar bone, the flaps were positioned over the alveolar crests, and sutures were placed. A 60‐day period permitted healing with formation of long junctional epithelial adhesions. During this 116‐day period control dogs were maintained in gingival health by daily brushing and by prophylaxis every 14 days. Both groups had a high level of health (GI scores of 0) at the beginning of the 20‐day combined disease phase. Inflammation was induced in both groups by subgingival ligature placement and a plaque‐promoting diet. Right and left sides of both groups represented separate time intervals within the 20‐day period. Block sections were secured at time of killing and the tissues were prepared for light and fluorescent microscopic evaluation.Mean GI scores and mean probing depths increased similarly in both groups. Tagge index scores of gingival inflammation were higher at the longer time periods in the experimental animals. However, they displayed an intact long junctional epithelial adhesion throughout the study, while control animals frequently showed ulceration of the sulcular epithelium. Neither group showed significant changes in location of the apical cells of the attachment epithelium. Crestal osteoblastic activity, confirmed with Procion labeling, predominated in the experimental animals, while osteoclastic activity predominated in the control. Under the conditions of this study, there appeared to be no appreciable difference in resistance to disease between a long junctional epithelial adhesion and a true connective tissue attachment.
Alloplastic Implants of Tricalcium Phosphate Ceramic in Human Periodontal Osseous Defects
Authors: Snyder Alvin J. , Levin Marvin P. , Cutright Duane E. 
Published: March 2012

Initial pilot studies using tricalcium phosphate ceramic placed into human periodontal osseous defects demonstrated osseous repair. Therefore, further evaluation of this material was undertaken on 17 carefully selected patients with 1‐wall, 2‐wall, crestal and furcation defects using standardized preoperative and postoperative radiographs, clinical measurements and clinical photographs. Inverse bevel, full‐thickness flaps were raised, the areas debrided, root surfaces planed with ultrasonic and hand instrumentation, osseous penetrations made with curet point and the flaps sutured after the defects were filled. Eighteenmonth reentry surgical procedures were performed on 10 of the 17 patients, with a resultant average of 2.8 mm of new bone. Controls were not used in this study since a protocol describing a sham procedure with other than 3‐wall osseous defects was not acceptable in 1973 to the Clinical Human Use Committee.Although the tricalcium phosphate ceramic material was not found to be totally predictable in this study, it may nevertheless become a useful graft material because of its potential for osseous repair in combination with its availability, host acceptability, ease of manipulation and storage advantages.
Surgical Removal of the Fully Impacted Mandibular Third Molar: The Influence of Flap Design and Alveolar Bone Height on the Periodontal Status of the Second Molar
Authors: Chin Quee Trevor A. , Gosselin Denis , Millar E. P. , Stamm John W. 
Published: March 2012

This study was carried out because a great deal of uncertainty exists as to the effect of the surgical removal of the fully impacted third molar on the periodontal status of the second molar. The objectives were to determine (a) the effect of surgical removal of the third molar on the periodontal status of the second molar; (b) the influence of flap design on these results; (c) the influence of the initial height of the alveolar bone on the distal of the second molar on subsequent changes in attachment level. The study included 30 patients with bilateral mandibular impactions. A split‐mouth experimental design was used, with one side of the mandible being randomly allocated to one of two flap design groups. Plaque level, gingival inflammation, probing depth and attachment level measurements around the second molar were taken at baseline and then at monthly intervals for a period of 6 months. Alveolar bone height was measured from panoramic radiographs. Six months postsurgically, both flap design groups exhibited a statistically significant loss of attachment level on the distal surface of the second molar with no difference between the two flap groups. The initial height of the alveolar bone on the distal of the second molar had no influence on the loss of attachment.It was concluded that (a) the surgical removal of the fully impacted mandibular third molar led to the loss of attachment on the distal of the second molar; (b) flap design had no influence on the degree of attachment loss; (c) the initial height of the alveolar bone on the distal of the second molar had no influence on the loss of attachment.
Comparative Analysis of Biopsy Specimens from Gingiva and Alveolar Mucosa
Authors: Stablein Michael J. , Silverglade Lee B. 
Published: March 2012

A total of 834 consecutive biopsy specimens from the gingiva and 448 from the alveolar mucosa were examined to see if differences in structure and function are reflected in categories and frequency of diagnoses. In both regions, inflammatory/reactive hyperplasia accounted for about 85% of the lesions and neoplasia for most of the remainder. Pyogenic granuloma was the most common lesion in the gingiva (23.6%) and fibrous hyperplasia in the alveolar mucosa (23.2%).The ratio of benign to malignant neoplasms was greater in the gingiva (10:1) than in the alveolar mucosa (almost 1:1). Benign tumors of the gingiva and malignant tumors of the alveolar mucosa occurred more often in males than one would expect from their proportion in the survey (keeping in mind that the numbers in alveolar mucosa were small).Lesions in these two regions were similar, but differed greatly in their frequency and in sex and age distribution.
Localization of Fibronectin in Gingival Connective Tissue of the Beagle Dog: Immunofluorescent Light Microscopic Findings
Authors: Cho Moon‐II , Lee Yu Lin , Garant Philias R. 
Published: March 2012

Affinity purified antibodies to plasma fibronectin were used to localize fibronectin in the connective tissues of inflamed and noninflamed beagle gingiva. In noninfiltrated gingival connective tissue, fibronectin was demonstrated in the basement membrane beneath gingival epithelium and around blood vessels as a uniform and intensely stained band about 3 to 10 μm thick. Fibronectin was also distributed throughout the connective tissue in association with collagen fibrils as a more diffuse, less intensely stained pattern.The inflamed gingiva included in this study was characterized by proliferation of epithelial pegs, heavy infiltration of plasma cells and loss of collagen within the subepithelial connective tissue. In these sites, fibronectin was present as an intensely stained band around blood vessels and at the crest of connective tissue papillae nearest the sulcular space. The fibronectin in the basement membrane beneath the epithelium appeared diminished and less uniformly distributed. A delicate network of fibronectin was present around plasma cells and the remaining collagen fibers.
Visualization of the Human Periodontium Using Serial Thin Section Contact Radiography
Authors: Moskow B. S. , Tannenbaum P. , Bloom A. 
Published: March 2012

A method is described to produce radiographs of thin sections of human teeth and periodontal structures. These high resolution contact x‐rays allow for visualization of the microscopic details of the mineralized components of these tissues in a dimension heretofore not examined.Twenty‐five blocks of human jaws containing teeth affected by periodontal disease were obtained from cadavers. Sagittal, transverse and cross‐sectional serial slices were cut using a rotary instrument (1500 rpm) with a water‐cooled 3‐inch jewelers slot saw. Five hundredμm sections were made of jaw specimens containing 2 or 3 teeth. The radiographs were taken with a Faxitron low voltage x‐ray machine on Kodak‐Ortho, Type 3 film. Films were exposed at a distance of 12 inches from the x‐ray source at 35 kVp and 1.0 mA for 3 minutes with the specimen in direct contact with the film.Spatial representation of the internal structure of the alveolar bone was obtained using this technique and the detailed anatomy of the vascular channels within the cancellous and cortical compartments of the jaws was studied. Mineralization patterns of plaque and calculus, calcifications in the periodontal ligament, pulp calcifications, accessory root canals, caries and detailed structural changes in the enamel and cementum were also viewed on these films with the aid of microscopy. Magnifications of up to 30 times were used without excessive image distortion resulting from film grain.
Histologic Evaluation of New Attachment in Humans: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Bowers Gerald M. , Granet Michael , Stevens Mark , Emerson Jane , Corio Russel , Mellonig James , Lewis Stephen B. , Peltzman Barry , Romberg Elaine , Risom Laurel 
Published: March 2012

This study was designed to evaluate the potential for regeneration of a new attachment (alveolar bone, cementum and a functional periodontal ligament) in patients whose attachment apparatus had been destroyed by periodontal disease.In each of the three parts of the investigation, the most apical level of calculus on the root served as a histologic reference point to measure regeneration. In Part I, attempts were made to initiate the formation of a new attachment by surgical debridement, crown removal (coronectomy) and submersion of the vital root below the mucosa. Nonsubmerged, surgically debrided defects served as controls. In Part II, debrided intrabony defects were treated with and without demineralized freeze‐dried bone allograft and the associated vital roots were submerged. Part III evaluated potential for regeneration of a new attachment in nonsubmerged roots with and without the use of demineralized freeze‐dried bone allograft. Gingival grafts were placed over the experimental and control sites in an attempt to retard epithelial migration.Biopsies were obtained in 6 months and regeneration was evaluated histometrically. Preliminary results in 7 patients and 24 intrabony defects indicate that new attachment is possible on pathologically exposed root surfaces in a submerged environment with and without the incorporation of demineralized freeze‐dried bone allografts. New attachment was observed on pathologically exposed root surfaces in a nonsubmerged environment when intrabony defects were grafted with demineralized freeze‐dried bone allograft. New attachment was not observed on nongrafted. nonsubmerged. defects with and without the placement of gingival grafts over the defects.
Alveolar Cavitational Osteopathosis: Manifestations of an Infectious Process and Its Implication in the Causation of Chronic Pain
Authors: Ratner Eugene J. , Langer Burton , Evins Mathew L. 
Published: March 2012

A recently discovered oral disease process of infectious origin, characterized by nonradiographically detectable, hollow, pathologic, alveolar cavitational lesions of significant size, is described. This oral infectious disease process, termed alveolar cavitational osteopathosis, is causally implicated not only in the genesis of certain craniofacial pain syndromes, among them idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia and atypical facial pain, but also in chronic pain syndromes remote from the craniofacial region including the back, chest, arms, legs and cervical areas.A diagnostic process is presented which serves to define the locus of nonradiographically detectable alveolar cavitational osteopathosis and correlates a given pathological site to a given area of pain. Comprehensive schematics have been developed defining the pain pathways emanating from the oral cavity and their specific relationship to sites of perceived pain both in the craniofacial region and other areas of the body.The treatment modality described serves to induce bone growth within the cavitational lesions, resulting in the subsequent eradication of the cavity. The abolition of osteopathosis results in significant or total disappearance of pain symptomatology.
The Effectiveness of the Titan‐S Sonic Sealer Versus Curettes in the Removal of Subgingival Calculus
Authors: Gellin Robert G. , Miller M. Clinton , Javed Tariq , Engler William O. , Mishkin David J. 
Published: March 2012

This study evaluated clinically the effectiveness of hand versus sonic subgingival scaling and root planing in the removal of calculus by visually examining the root surface at the time of periodontal flap surgery. Consideration was given to the method of instrumentation, probing depth, number of roots, and type of tooth surface.Eleven patients with moderate to advanced periodontal disease were evaluated. Four subjects were scaled and root planed with the Titan‐S only, four with curettes only, and three with the Titan‐S + curettes. At reevaluation 3 to 6 weeks after scaling and root planing, the decision to perform periodontal flap surgery was made based upon probing depth, bleeding upon probing, previous access to the root surface, furcation involvement, and the patient's level of oral hygiene. A full thickness mucoperiosteal flap was elevated to gain access to the root surface and measure the distance from the cementoenamel junction to the residual calculus.A total of 690 surfaces were evaluated surgically. The percentage of surfaces with residual calculus for each method of instrumentation was: Titan‐S only (31.9%), curettes only (26.8%), and Titan‐S + curettes (16.9%). Overall, 15.7% of the surfaces probing 0 to 3 mm, 29.3% of the surfaces probing 4 to 5 mm, and 44.4% of the surfaces probing 6 to 12 mm had residual calculus.It was concluded that: (1) the combination of the Titan‐S + curettes was more effective than either method used alone; (2) there was no consistent difference between the Titan‐S and curettes; (3) as the probing depth increased, the percentage of surfaces with residual calculus increased; and (4) subgingival calculus removal was more difficult for multiplerooted teeth and for proximal surfaces.
Guided Tissue Regeneration: An Experimental Procedure in Beagle Dogs
Authors: Aukhil Ikramuddin , Pettersson Ewa , Suggs Cynthia 
Published: March 2012

This preliminary study examined the healing following an experimental procedure designed to facilitate coronal migration of progenitor cells from the periodontal ligament circumferentially on roots of premolar teeth in beagle dogs.Mucoperiosteal flaps were reflected on the buccal and lingual aspects of premolars in six beagle dogs with periodontal disease. Following root preparation, pieces of orthodontic wire were placed interproximally on the crowns to bridge the spaces between teeth. Biobrane, a synthetic membrane bonded to a knitted nylon fabric and coated with collagen, was placed as a physical barrier between the roots and the flaps to be replaced. The membrane extended as a single piece from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to overlap the crest of alveolar bone by 3 to 4 mm on both the buccal and lingual surfaces of the three premolars in each quadrant. The membrane was attached to the crowns at the CEJ with resin. The flaps were replaced and sutured. Postoperative care included plaque control and the membranes were removed after 5 weeks. The dogs were sacrificed to provide observation periods of 8 and 16 weeks after placement of membranes.Histologic examination revealed new connective tissue attachment in the apical part of the 8‐ and 16‐week experimental specimens. Some experimental specimens showed new attachment up to 2.94 mm while others showed a long junctional epithelium (JE). Root resorption was also seen in some specimens.These preliminary findings suggest that placement of physical barriers between root surface and flaps may be beneficial in facilitating coronal migration of progenitor cells from the periodontal ligament.
Ultrastructure of Durapatite‐Periodontal Tissue Interface in Human Intrabony Defects
Authors: Ganeles J. , Listgarten M. A. , Evian C. I. 
Published: March 2012

The ultrastructure of the interface between Durapatite (hydroxylapatite) and human periodontal tissues was examined. Durapatite was implanted into the intrabony periodontal defects during periodontal surgery. Reentry procedures were performed after 1 year and the tissues in the defects were biopsied and processed for transmission electron microscopy. Nineteen tissue blocks from four patients were examined, 17 contained Durapatite particles embedded in fibrous tissue and two contained particles encased in bone, all without inflammation.The fibrous connective tissue consisted of densely packed collagen fibrils surrounding the implant particles. The bone surrounding the Durapatite consisted in one case of relatively mature bone, and in the other of osteoid tissue. A granular, amorphous, collagen‐free, electron‐dense layer was routinely observed between implant and tissue. This layer was thicker in the bone‐encased samples than in those surrounded by fibrous connective tissue. Except for the particle surrounded by mature bone, this layer was continuous with an organic meshwork located on the periphery of the implant spaces. The ultrastructural features of the interface are consistent with the existence of a mucopolysaccharide “bonding zone” described by other investigators. The organic meshwork appears to outline areas similar in size and shape to the individual crystallites of hydroxylapatite. This may indicate that the reactive surface of hydroxylapatite is much larger than merely the exterior surface of the implant, a finding which may explain the apparently good tissue adhesion to the implant.
Effects of the Inorganic Salts Sodium Chloride, Sodium Bicarbonate, and Magnesium Sulfate upon the Growth and Motility of Treponema vincentii
Authors: Wolinsky L. E. , Lott T. 
Published: March 2012

The use of inorganic salt solutions as chemotherapeutic agents in the control of periodontal disease has received considerable attention in the past few years. Although some research has been published on their clinical effectiveness, little is known about their therapeutic activity and bactericidal effects upon oral spirochetes. The present study investigated the effects of varied concentrations of NaCl, NaHCO3, and MgSO4 upon the in vitro growth and motility of Treponema vincentii.Growth determinations were performed using a turbidiometric analysis at 545 nm. Motility was qualitatively studied by direct examination of 200 treponemes in a wet mount specimen. Samples were taken at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours following inoculation with the treponemes. Concentrations of 0.5 m NaCl, NaHCO3, or MgSO4 totally inhibited the growth and motility of T. vincentii over a 96‐hour period. Salt concentrations ≤0.10 m had little if any effect upon growth and motility.The data support the hypothesis that the bactericidal and antimotility effects of these salts are related more to their concentrations than to the presence of a specific inorganic ion. They also suggest that motility may be a valid indicator of bacterial viability.Before the clinical significance of the results can be ascertained, human studies are needed to establish sulcular salt concentrations which can be achieved with local irrigation and to determine how long bactericidal concentrations can be maintained.