bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Americleft Study: An Inter-Center Study of Treatment Outcomes for Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Part 5. General Discussion and Conclusions
Authors: Russell Kathleen , Long Ross E. , Hathaway Ronald , Daskalogiannakis John , Mercado Ana , Cohen Marilyn , Semb Gunvor , Shaw William 
Published: January 2011

Objective To summarize the Americleft study regarding treatment outcomes for patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (CUCLP). Setting Five cleft palate centers in North America. Subjects One hundred sixty-nine subjects, between the ages of 6 years and 12 years, with repaired CUCLP who were consecutively treated at the five centers. Methods Study consisted of model comparisons assessing maxillomandibular relationship using the GOSLON Yardstick (169 patients from all 5 centers), soft and hard tissue craniofacial morphologic comparisons using lateral cephalometric analyses (148 patients from four of the centers), and nasolabial esthetics assessments (125 patients from four of the centers). Results Significant differences were found between the center with the best GOSLON scores and the remaining centers. These differences also corresponded to those found in the craniofacial morphologic cephalometric assessment. Sagittal maxillary prominence was found to be significantly better for the center with the best GOSLON scores, while no significant differences were seen among the centers for mandibular prominence, vertical dimensions, or dental inclinations. No differences were seen for nasolabial esthetics between the centers. Conclusions Challenges experienced while undertaking the inter-center retrospective study are reviewed. Aspects of treatment that could potentially make the outcome of treatment less optimal included primary alveolar bone grafting and extensive treatment protocols. Differences in the outcomes identified between the centers were restricted to the maxilla, and no differences were identified for mandibular prominence, vertical dimensions, or dental inclinations.
New Classification Scheme of Proboscis Lateralis Based on a Review of 50 Cases
Authors: Sakamoto Yoshiaki , Miyamoto Junpei , Nakajima Hideo , Kishi Kazuo 
Published: January 2011

Background Among congenital nasal deformities, proboscis lateralis is one of the rarest. Boo-Chai classified proboscis lateralis into four groups. Recently, we encountered a new case of proboscis lateralis with median cleft lip. We noticed that this classification had not been considered according to convalescence and embryologics, and further refinement seemed to be needed. Methods We reviewed all cases of proboscis lateralis reported in English through 2009 and classified them by intercanthal distance. Results A total of 34 studies involving 50 cases were reviewed. Six cases were identified as having normal intercanthal distance. Three of them presented nose abnormalities and fit Boo-Chai group II category. The other three were consistent with group I. Hypertelorism was observed in 27 cases and was further divided into two groups based on the occurrence of a frontal encephalocele. Seventeen cases without a frontal encephalocele were compatible with Boo-Chai groups III and IV. The other 10 cases associated with a visible encephalocele had encephalopathy; most died at an early age, and long-term survival cases suffered developmental delay and mental retardation. Seventeen cases were defined as hypotelorism, and all cases also presented as holoprosencephaly. Conclusions The redefined classification contains two new groups: group V as hypertelorism with encephalocele and group VI as hypotelorism. A new classification scheme is proposed as not only convenient for clinical application but also embryologically accurate.
Magnus: Utilization of Conductor Sharing Wellhead Technology To Access Additional Hydrocarbons With a Slot-Constrained Platform
Authors: Hicks S.E.. E. , Moore A.. , Honey M.. , Farmer I.R.. R. , Smart B.. , Ekseth R.. , Brown D.. 
Published: January 2011

Summary
The Magnus platform, UK northern North Sea, has been producing since 1983 with all 20 original slots now occupied. Additional infill and extend-reach-drilling (ERD) production targets were identified and a means of access was required while maintaining base field production. Platform modification was selected because of significant commercial advantage over alternative developments. The Magnus jacket was modified to permit running of four additional large conductors into which two smaller casings could be installed respectively.
A tapered jacket profile necessitated preinstalled conductor guide frames to build to 4° inclination at seabed, requiring initial use of the large conductor as a conduit for drilling assemblies. Custom-manufactured and specialist equipment was designed and procured to enable successful underreaming to 54 in. and installation of 46-in. conductor. Drilling-assembly design and initial pilothole profile were deemed critical to subsequent success in running rigid open-ended 46-in. conductor. Well-critical structural cement was pumped to seabed by use of a 16-in. inflatable packer and inner string. Unguided installation of two 18⅝-in. casing strings inside 46-in. conductor was then achieved. The 18⅝-in. casing strings were cemented in place using light cement to preserve (shallow) casing-shoe integrity. High-resolution multishot gyro surveys and a newly developed “gamma-wipe” survey technique were used to obtain critical 18⅝-in. relative-shoe-orientation information before subsequent kickoff.
Two wells were batch set successfully to the 13⅜-in. casing shoe by means of one conductor. Modification of existing wellhead technology for close proximity has proved successful. Access to additional Magnus resources by means of an otherwise full template has been delivered by this conductor-sharing-wellhead (CSW) technology.
Flow in Composite Slabs
Authors: Raghavan R.. , Ozkan E.. 
Published: January 2011

Summary
A Green's function formulation for flow to a well in a reservoir of a composite structure with each internally homogeneous subreservoir arranged contiguously is presented. The formulation is then used to derive source functions. Attention is focused on line and point sources, with a view to consider fractured and horizontal wells. Matching flow conditions are applied at the subreservoir interfaces, and contact resistances are included. Our approach to working the problem results in a scheme that is efficient from a computational perspective, an essential requirement for processing the inverse problem. The algorithm is presented in terms of the Laplace transformation. Results obtained by the algorithm given here are compared with solutions given in the literature, and the viability of the technique is demonstrated.
Experimental and Numerical Investigations Into Oil-Drainage Rates During Vapor Extraction of Heavy Oils
Authors: Alkindi A.S.. S. , Al-Wahaibi Y.M.. M. , Muggeridge A.H.. H. 
Published: January 2011

Summary
A set of analog vapor-extraction (VAPEX) laboratory experiments was performed to test the ability of existing analytic and numerical models to predict oil-drainage rates from this process. The selected analog fluids and porous media enabled all input parameters to the analytic model to be determined independently of the analog VAPEX experiments without history matching. The results show that the underprediction of oil rate by the standard analytic model is not because of increased levels of mixing between the solvent and oil over that expected from molecular diffusion and convective dispersion, but rather because of a deficiency in the analytic model formulation.
L'archimandrite Naum et les « naumovcy » comme quintessence du phénomène contemporain du starčestvo
Authors: Mitrokhin Nikolaj 
Published: January 2011

The Naum archimandrite and "naumovtsy" as the quintessence of the contemporary starchestvo phenomenon
The starchestvo, an informal religious practice in the Russian Orthodox Church, is a phenomenon that, parallel to official theological doctrines, fits into a system of practices and beliefs called "popular Orthodoxy". This practice is far from homogeneous. The influence of spiritual fathers is of overriding importance. Officially belonging to the Russian Orthodox Church, these priests exercise an influence (recognized by the episcopate itself) over the faithful and the clergy. They have set up their own system of Church administration. By concentrating on one example, the Naum archimandrite (Bajborodin), the relations between the starets and his disciples are studied so as to analyze both his influence on Church activities, even in the political and social fields, and the psychological mechanisms used to rule over followers.
Définition, niveau et facteurs de pauvreté dans la Russie actuelle
Authors: Ovtcharova Lilia 
Published: January 2011

Definition, level and factors of poverty in contemporary Russia
How to measure poverty? And what are the major economic and social factors that favored its growth in Russia during the first five years of the market economy? This period was marked by a massive decline in the population's real income followed by a decrease in poverty during episodes of economic growth. The official definition of poverty in Russia is based on a methodological approach that differs from the one used in European countries in terms both of the calculation of the poverty threshold and of the appraisal of the population's monetary income. For this reason, the particularities of official calculations of the level and scope of poverty is a central theme herein. Special attention is paid to the causes of poverty among the working-age population and to the impact of social transfers on inequality and poverty. Low incomes are identified as the principal cause of poverty whereas social transfers, apart from old-age pensions, have not really improved the living standard of the underprivileged. Russia is well known for the large number of social transfers in kind, which are mainly available to persons with middle-range incomes. In conclusion, social policies that might reduce poverty are presented; and the limits of an analysis and measure of poverty based on the official approach, which does not take into account nonmonetary forms of poverty, are pointed out.
Le droit de la propriété industrielle en Russie post­soviétique et la lutte contre la contrefaçon
Authors: Pick Barbara 
Published: January 2011

Industrial property rights in post-Soviet Russia and the fight against counterfeiting
In the economic and political context of Communism, the USSR rejected industrial property rights. Since then, the need to carry economic weight in international trade has definitely motivated changes in the law in this field. Although reforms of property rights were undertaken prior to the Perestroika and collapse of the USSR, they tended to be seen as indispensable to the revival of foreign trade rather than as essential for a national policy of innovation. Although Russian patent legislation now complies with the requirements of international conventions, counterfeiting activities still abound. They are the major argument advanced by Western countries for refusing Russia's admission into the World Trade Organization. Sanctions against those who do not respect industrial property rights, as well as the powers (for a long time insufficient) of customs to intercept counterfeit merchandise at the border, have recently been reinforced in view of the country joining the WTO in the near future.
Quelques réflexions sur l'économie cubaine
Authors: Herrera Rémy 
Published: January 2011

A few thoughts on the Cuban economy
Following a very brief presentation of the pre-1959 situation in Cuba, an assessment is made of the Cuban revolution's major advances and real shortcomings in the economy up till the recent dedollarization. Emphasis is laid on the economic challenges, as well as on the internal advantages and external opportunities related to them, with which the island has to cope at the start of the 21st century. Proposals are based on several sources of statistics, mainly time series (in particular, GDP growth rates from 1959 to 2005) and period analyses (for comparing economic and social indicators with those in other planned economies in 1988). Close attention is paid to the "Special Period" consecutive to the breakup of the Soviet bloc and to the major factors that have enabled the economy to bounce back since 1994-1995. The effects are compared of the adjustments made to the extremely serious crisis during the 1990s in Russia and Cuba. Questions about the switch to dedollarization and monetary sovereignty are examined.
La Pologne post-communiste face à l'héritage de Potsdam : acteurs, enjeux et cadres d'une recomposition mémorielle
Authors: Niewiedzial Agnieszka 
Published: January 2011

Post-Communist Poland faces the Potsdam heritage:
Actors, issues and frameworks in reworking the nation's memory
Reworking the national memory around the changes (officialized by the Potsdam Conference, July- August 1945) in the Polish state s territory and population provides an example of how this memory and its vocation changes. Between defending the national territory and condemning the forced displacement of populations, this looking back on the past involves apparently contradictory political and social issues. Those who advocate history and those who convey the "common" memory are critically reexamining the nation s history. Their involvement shows how Polish nationalism is being modified under the sway of democracy.
La muséification du passé récent en Hongrie post-communiste : deux mises en spectacle de la mémoire
Authors: Losonczy Anne-Marie 
Published: January 2011

Storing the recent past in a museum in post-Communist Hungary:
Two forms of exhibiting memory
This comparative analysis of two recent cases in Hungary of fitting the Communist past into a museum (National Park of Statues, 1992, and House of Terror, 2002) proposes the hypothesis that obliterating the past by storing it in a museum is one of the seldom analyzed functions of museological strategies. In the current debates that set memorials opposite history, this storing of a traumatic past in memory, far from preventing historicity, often represents an intermediate phase in the claim for an alternative history. This study of these two forms of exhibiting the past in a museum confirms that the patrimonial sense of memory in contemporary secular societies is a form of worship.
La face cachée de la Révolution orange : l'Ukraine et le déni de son problème régional
Authors: Arel Dominique 
Published: January 2011

The Orange Revolution's hidden face: Ukraine and the denial of its regional problem
The 2004 Orange Revolution, an unprecedented popular mobilization against the falsification of presidential election results, revealed an important regional cleavage between a Centre-West massively in favor of the challenger, Viktor Yushchenko, and a South-East no less massively supporting the regime's candidate, Viktor Yanukovych. The 2006 parliamentary elections reproduced this geographic polarization. This division is caused by identity rather than economic factors, but only if non-traditional categories are used to examine ethnicity or language. The consolidation over many generations of a bi-ethnic structure in the South-East, the use of language as a symbol of a regional perspective anchored in history, and the aims of elites for inclusion in, rather than separation from, central politics are factors that help us better grasp the regional dimension that the Orange elite tends to deny.
Le triangle Kiev-Bruxelles-Moscou : l'impact de la « révolution orange » et de la présidence Iouchtchenko (janvier 2005-août 2006)
Authors: De Tinguy Anne 
Published: January 2011

The Kiev-Brussels-Moscow triangle: The impact of the Orange Revolution and Yushchenko's presidency (January 2005- August 2006)
A triangular relationship is neither the sum of all bilateral relations nor a rapprochement between three parties in a given situation. It emerges when one of the parties significantly affects relations between the other two, as in the triangle formed by Ukraine, Russia and the EU. The plans with respect to Europe borne by President Yushchenko and the Orange Revolution modified the country's relations with the other two; they broke into the partnership between Russia and the EU and exposed its limits. What impact did the Orange Revolution and the first part of Yushchenko's presidency have on relations among the three parties? How to understand this triangular relationship? Is Ukraine now an apple of discord between Russia and the EU? Or is it part of a vast operation of European reconciliation? Should events be analyzed as a game with neither winner nor loser, as some Russian leaders have suggested? This would amount to accepting an approach based on a balance of power, a concept deemed obsolete since the end of the Cold War. On the contrary, are changes in this triangle to be understood as a prolongation beyond the end of the Cold War, as a post-imperial reassessment of the situation and the emergence of a single, whole Europe? These trends condition the equilibrium for tomorrow's Europe.
La politique européenne de voisinage : une intégration par les normes de l'Ukraine à l'espace européen ?
Authors: Lepesant Gilles 
Published: January 2011

The EU's neighborhood policy: Ukraine's integration through norms in Europe?
The bigger EU's border marks a line of separation but is also a zone of interactions and transborder movements. The EU's "neighborhood policy" provides for a dialogue with neighboring lands to the east and south so as to geographically extend the Union's political and economic norms without taking a position on the question of its farther expansion. This can be described as an integration through the marketplace and norms rather than through institutions. Can it work, especially in the case of Ukraine? The European economic space, the ultimate stage of regional integration via the marketplace, is often mentioned as a model, but it is operational only if the countries concerned are able and willing to accept the Community acquis without demanding full membership.
La notion et le statut de jurisprudence en Russie
Authors: Yarkov Vladimir 
Published: January 2011

The concept and status of case law in Russia
Changes in the concept and status of case law since the political and economic upheaval in Russia during the late 1980s and early 1990s are examined. Attention is focused on discussions of the function of case law (as a source of law or as a mere application of the law) during the Soviet period and then in post-Soviet Russia. Principles such as the separation of powers have come to change the context. What does the concept of case law cover in contemporary Russia? In conclusion, the prospects for change are examined by describing, in particular, the place of case law in Russian law schools.
L'émergence du droit public économique en Russie : un regard comparatif
Authors: Talapina Elvira 
Published: January 2011

The emergence of public economic law in Russia: A comparative view
The economic reform in Russia has aroused lively discussions about the need for government interventions in the economy. Jurists have limited their actions to defining a legal framework for the prevailing economic theory. Contemporary Russian law in economic matters (khozjajstvennoe pravo) can no longer be considered to be the equivalent of public economic law as it exists in Europe. Questions related to the public regulation of economic activities are scattered through various branches of Russian law. They have not been brought together, not even for teaching purposes. The history and current situation of public economic law in Russia and France are compared.
Acteurs et territoires du développement rural en Allemagne orientale. L'exemple de projets de développement régional dans la Thuringe du Sud-Ouest
Authors: Queva Christophe 
Published: January 2011

Actors and areas in rural development- Regional development projects in southwestern Thuringia
Local actors in eastern Germany, who used to abide by the German Democratic Republic's centralized planning, now have to take an active part in development projects under the 1998 Federal Regional Planning Act, which explicitly names "projects of regional development" as new tools for local development. Whether subsidized with public or private funds, these projects, drawn up locally, rely on traditional planning authorities. In particular, the region has become the level for coordinating local projects. The switch from the old to the new system of planning has raised several issues. Seeing actors in terms of relations and networks helps us better understand the many complex projects under way, in particular under regional planning in southwestern Thuringia.
Le parc national du Harz : logiques d'acteurs et enjeux de développement au contact de l'ancienne frontière interallemande
Authors: Charlot Olivier 
Published: January 2011

The Harz National Park: Actors' rationales and local development along the former inter-German border
In central Germany, the Harz mountain range is a conservation site; and Mount Brocken is still a powerful symbol of the German people's history. A new interpretation of this symbol, which has been revived in the reunited Federal Republic, is emerging out of conservation and the development of tourism by local institutions. In the Harz National Park, we observe the reinforcement of an environmental authority and the gradual emergence of a "territory/laboratory" and an "actor/model". The Park is intended to serve as an example for rural areas in contemporary Germany - an example of how to make sustainable development and mass tourism compatible and of how to create a feeling of belonging to a homeland, Heimat that crosses the former EastAVest border. Furthermore, the Park has pursued innovative strategies for tapping local resources, actors and landscapes.
Les Bulgares musulmans dans la vie politique après 1989 : un groupe politique anonyme
Authors: Karamihova Margarita 
Published: January 2011

Bulgarian Muslims in politics since 1989:
An anonymous political group
The examination of available data suggests that Muslim Bulgarians are relatively absent from the country's politics. The factors and reasons underlying this persistent political "anonymity" are analyzed. Traditionally divided into small groups, these Muslims have not managed to unite around a shared goal that would attract them into the political arena. They have remained a divided, heterogenous group along the sidelines. Lacking their own political representation, they will probably look for spokesmen in existing political parties and/ or rally under their umbrella.
Les partis albanais en République de Macédoine : le cercle vicieux de l'ethnopolitique (1990-2006)
Authors: Brunnbauer Ulf 
Published: January 2011

Albanian parties in the Republic of Macedonia:
The vicious circle of ethnopolitics (1990-2006)
The Albanian minority, which makes up about 25% of Macedonia's population, suffered from decades of structural discrimination before the country's independence in 1991. Since democratization, Albanian political parties have played a major role in the politics of Macedonia, a country where cleavages run along mainly ethnic but also social and confessional lines. Highly politicized ethnic identities have led to unanimous voting patterns. Although the participation of Albanian parties in government since 1992 is evidence that they are stakeholders in the country, it has also been motivated by the desire to share in the spoils of power. Ethnic patronage and corruption have undermined the legitimacy of Albanian parties. This, along with the intransigence of Macedonian politicians, led to the outbreak of violence in 2001. Although most Albanian demands have been met in the meantime, their parties still play the only game they know: the ethnic one.