bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La fortune littéraire du Journal de voyage de Saint-Luc de La Corne
Authors: Lespérance Pierre 
Published: July 2012

Résumé
Le journal de voyage que Saint-Luc de La Corne écrivit en 1762 et fit publier à Montréal en 1778 constitue le premier jalon de l'histoire littéraire québécoise. Peu à peu oublié, le récit du naufrage de /'Auguste survécut dans la première moitié du xix3 siècle grâce à la tradition orale dont il fut l'objet dans la famille Aubert de Gaspê. À compter des années I860, la postérité se saisit du texte de La Corne. D'Aubert de Gaspépère à Robert de Roquebrune, en passant par Henri-Raymond Casgrain, Archibald MacMechan et Pierre-Georges Roy, les hommes de lettres apportent à l'épisode de /'Auguste des développements qui modifient jusqu'à l'esprit de l'oeuvre de La Corne. À mesure que ce jeu hypertextuel s'effectue, l'enjeu devient de plus en plus clairement idéologique dans la mesure où les littérateurs utiliseront l'effet La Corne pour alimenter leurs thèses respectives.
Un discours « exemplaire » : la biographie de François-Xavier Garneau par Henri-Raymond Casgrain
Authors: Bourassa Yves , Marcotte Hélène 
Published: July 2012

Résumé
Dans son article "Le mouvement littéraire en Canada", Henri-Raymond Casgrain invoque le ministère futur de la littérature canadienne-française: elle fortifiera l'identité de la nation et propagera les thèses du catholicisme. Or, au XIXe siècle, le genre biographique fait partie intégrante de l'activité littéraire et se voit ainsi départi les mêmes visées idéologiques. Le présent article vise à démontrer que la biographie de Casgrain consacrée à l'historien national François-Xavier Garneau répond à une volonté duelle d'édification nationale et religieuse, volonté qui se manifeste principalement par le recours à deux procédés : la mythification et l'examen critique.
Aimer et raconter dans La fête du désir
Authors: Gaudet Gérald 
Published: July 2012

Gerald Gaudet, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières
En se tournant du côté de l'intime, les romanciers des années quatre-vingt et quatre-vingt-dix se sont éloignés de la problématique nationale. Souvent confrontés à l'autre en eux-mêmes, les personnages entreprennent un retour vers l'origine, par lequel ils tentent de se réapproprier ce qui a pu être mal compris, vécu ou nommé. La fête du désir, de Madeleine Ouellette-Michalska, est un roman emblématique de cette période. Avec son amant, la narratrice déconstruit les logiques traditionnelles. Elle emprunte à la poésie et au langage de l'inconscient des dispositifs pour oser l'impossible : se libérer des limites de l'âge, du sexe et de l'apprentissage. Comment redevenir l'enfant du désir? Comment accepter une légitimité autre? Avec ces questions qui prennent leur ancrage dans la psychanalyse, l'auteure ouvre la voie à une relecture de l'histoire du roman québécois, nourrie par la question des genres.
La référence à la Tradition dans la production d’une « théologie morale » : illustration d’un cas
Authors: Guindon André 
Published: July 2012

La production d’un discours éthique dans un domaine aussi inexploré que la nudité donne l’occasion d’examiner à neuf la référence à la Tradition dans une telle entreprise. Une approche « éthique » des textes fondateurs n’y a produit que du matériau apte à construire une histoire des moeurs de dénudation. Une approche « théologique », en accueillant l’expérience de Dieu chez les témoins chrétiens, identifie l’autorité propre à la Tradition dans le discours éthique. Révélation des « moeurs divines », la Tradition guide le discernement des pratiques morales de dénudation (ou de tout autre agir moral) qui sont de nature à initier chrétiennes et chrétiens à l’Ineffable Mystère.
Advanced Models for Finite Element Analysis of Composite Materials
Authors: Oller Sergio , Oñate Eugenio 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
In this article, we review some of the more advanced theories for modeling and analysis of composite materials with the finite element method. In the first part of the article, we describe the serial/parallel (SP) mixing theory as a general framework for combining the individual mechanical properties of the material constituents in a single constitutive model. A procedure for incorporating material anisotropy and fiber‐matrix debonding effects in the SP theory is described. In the second part of the article, we describe homogenization methods based on multiscale theory for finite element analysis of the behavior of composite materials at micro‐ and macroscale levels. The capability of the SP theory to model delamination and interlaminar crack propagation in laminated composites is shown in an example of application.
Fatigue Strength Distribution of Carbon Fiber
Authors: Zhou Yuanxin 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

In this investigation, an experimental approach was developed to characterize the fatigue strength distribution of carbon fibers using fiber bundles test. In this method, survival probability,
P
, of the fiber bundles was first calculated from the stress reductions at different cycles in strain‐controlled fatigue tests. On the basis of a fiber bundles model and fatigue P‐strain‐N curves, the fatigue strength exponent,
b
, Weibull scale parameter σ
0
, and Weibull shape parameter β were then determined to characterize the fatigue strength distribution of carbon fiber. A numerical model, based on Monte Carlo simulation, was also established to predict the load‐controlled fatigue failure process of fiber bundles. The simulated strain–cycle number curves and S–N curves based on the model developed are in good agreement with the test data.
Polyetherimide Matrix Resins and Composites
Authors: Pratte James 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Polyetherimide (PEI) polymers have, since their discovery, increasingly found usage in a variety of applications that require high temperature performance with good processability. The combination of being able to be melt and solvent processed has resulted in a variety of composite product forms that can be cost effectively converted into high performance composite parts. This article reviews the performance, processability, and applications of currently available commercial PEI‐matrix‐based composite materials. The article also discusses the constituent polymer properties and how those properties are used in the performance and processing of these materials.
Polystyrylpyridine Resins and CompositesAdapted from
Polystyrylpyridine Resins and Composites
, First Edition.
Authors: Bloch Bertrand , Maquart Jean‐Gabriel 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
In this article, polystyrylpyridines (PSP resins) are presented. A discussion on the chemical aspects introduces these materials; then in the first part of the article, synthesis and processing of PSP resins are introduced. In particular, PSP prepolymers are obtained by heating nearly equimolecular mixtures of terephtaldialdehyde and sym‐collidine in the presence of an acidic catalyst. However, to improve the performance or processing conditions, several modifications have been brought to the standard collidine‐terephtaldialdehyde composition, and some examples of modified styrylpyridine resin are presented in the aricle.
In the second part of the article, uses and applications as matrices for composites are discussed. In particular, some commercially available resin are introduced, and finally, a discussion on economic aspects and safety factors of their uses is reported.
Processing and Mechanical Properties of the Workpiece in Machining of Long‐Fiber‐Reinforced Composites
Authors: Miguélez Maria Henar , Santiuste Carlos , Soldani Xavier , Loya Jose Antonio 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
This work focuses on the analysis of the influence of mechanical properties of long fiber reinforced polymeric composite (LFRP) on machining operations. Experimental works covering main aspects of the machining process, such as tool selection, wear evolution, and cutting parameters were briefly reviewed. It can be concluded from this analysis that the composite properties strongly influence machining process. The selection of the tool, both cutting material and geometry, should be done depending on the type of composite family (carbon, glass, or aramid). This aspect also influences the evolution and mechanism of tool wear.
On the other hand, numerical modeling is a useful tool to get a better knowledge of machining operations. Mechanisms of chip generation, cutting forces, and damage can be evaluated depending on the workpiece properties. Finite element approach involves modeling the mechanical behavior of the composite, material properties influence damage generation through the models formulation.
Pultrusion
Authors: Vázquez Analía , Escobar Mariano 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
This article involves the principal aspects of the pultrusion of both thermosetting and thermoplastic polymer matrix. After a short introduction, in the first part, the pultrusion machine for thermosetting polymer matrix is described, followed by the modeling of processing parameters. The influence of pulling velocity, fiber type, residual thermal stress, additives, and fillers is studied. Also, the importance of controlling the temperature profile in order to allow for proper gelation and curing of the thermosetting resin is emphasized. The second part describes the pultrusion of thermoplastic polymer matrix with the same structure of the first one. At the end, examples of structures pultruded using cement and foams as matrix are included.
Shear Properties of Polymers and Composites
Authors: Piggott Michael R. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The yield stress of polymers is pressure dependent, unlike that of metals. So this stress in polymers has to be defined by an inverse rule of mixtures expression. In addition, an overwhelming number of polymers fail by tensile crack propagation when sheared. This is true for most of the polymers used for fiber reinforcement. So the failure of laminates under shear loading is complex, involving some polymer tensile fracture together with some fiber flexure and tensile fracture as well. V notch and two‐rail shear data are given for a range of unidirectional and multidirectional laminates. Shear delamination results are also discussed.
Short‐Fiber Thermoplastics Composites: Fiber Fracture During Melt Processing
Authors: Vaxman Anita , Narkis Moshe , Siegmann Arnon , Kenig Samuel 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Conventional short‐fiber thermoplastic compounds (fiber length usually <1 mm) are manufactured by incorporation of short fibers into thermoplastic resins either by dry blending, before injection molding (IM), or by extrusion compounding, using single‐ or twin‐screw extruders. In extrusion compounding, the matrix resin and chopped fibers are melt mixed in an extruder, stranded, and pelletized. The high shear extrusion compounding process leads to significant fiber breakage. The length reduction decreases the reinforcement efficiency of the fibers. Experiments are described and the literature is reviewed, which characterize fiber length reduction in conventional processes. Fiber fracturing and attrition during processing are caused by stressed induced on the fiber by the melt flow conditions and stresses resulting from fiber‐fiber and fiber‐surface interactions. Fiber breakup is significant in recycling of fiber‐reinforced thermoplastics. Fiber attrition and fracture during melt compounding and subsequent melt processing operations are important phenomena that determine the final composite properties. In order to overcome this limitation, long‐fiber‐reinforced thermoplastics (LFT) have been developed to yield better mechanical properties and to meet the market demand by improvement of the reinforcement efficiency. This article reviews theoretical and experimental studies dealing with fiber breakage during melt flow compounding and processing of fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic composites.
On the Cognitive Benefits of Cultural Experience: Exploring the Relationship between Studying Abroad and Creative Thinking
Authors: Lee Christine S. , Therriault David J. , Linderholm Tracy 
Published: July 2012

SummaryDrawing from research that shows a positive relationship between multicultural experiences and creative cognition, the present study investigates creative thinking as a possible cognitive benefit gained from studying abroad. The domain generality and specificity of creative thinking is also explored. Undergraduate students completed a general measure and a culture specific measure of creative thinking. Performance on the two creative thinking tasks were compared between students who have studied abroad, students who are planning to study abroad, and students who have not and do not plan to study abroad. Results showed that students who studied abroad outperformed the two groups of students who did not study abroad on both the general and culture specific measures of creative thinking. Findings from this study provide evidence that studying abroad supports complex cognitive processes that underlie creative thinking in culture specific and domain general settings. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visualising Ecological Literacy
Authors: Boehnert Jody 
Published: July 2012

AbstractFor over two decades, ecological literacy has sought to integrate foundational premises for addressing environmental problems. Here Jody Boehnert of EcoLabs explains how she has developed graphics resources and tools for designers in order for them to understand the perceptual shifts that are necessary to learn the causality and complexity of ecology and how it is embedded in human relations.
Beyond the Scarcities of Affluence: An ‘Alternative Hedonist’ Approach
Authors: Soper Kate 
Published: July 2012

AbstractKate Soper describes how at a time when the gap between the rich and poor has grown wider, scarcity has become a product of affluence in a double sense. Not only is consumption using up material and energy resources for everyone, for the wealthiest section of the world's population the pleasures of consumption are also being paid for by the dearth of life's other qualities, such as sufficient leisure time, good health and an environment free of pollution and congestion.
Risk for myasthenia gravis maps to a 151Pro→Ala change in TNIP1 and to human leukocyte antigen‐B*08
Authors: Gregersen Peter K. , Kosoy Roman , Lee Annette T. , Lamb Janine , Sussman Jon , McKee David , Simpfendorfer Kim R. , Pirskanen‐Matell Ritva , Piehl Frederik , Pan‐Hammarstrom Qiang , Verschuuren Jan J. G. M. , Titulaer Maarten J. , Niks Erik H. , Marx Alexander , Ströbel Philipp , Tackenberg Björn , Pütz Michael , Maniaol Angelina , Elsais Ahmed , Tallaksen Chantal , Harbo Hanne F. , Lie Benedicte A. , Raychaudhuri Soumya , de Bakker Paul I. W. , Melms Arthur , Garchon Henri‐Jean , Willcox Nicholas , Hammarstrom Lennart , Seldin Michael F. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjective:The objective of this study is to comprehensively define the genetic basis of early onset myasthenia gravis (EOMG).Methods:We have carried out a 2‐stage genome‐wide association study on a total of 649 North European EOMG patients. Cases were matched 1:4 with controls of European ancestry. We performed imputation and conditional analyses across the major histocompatibility complex, as well as in the top regions of association outside the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region.Results:We observed the strongest association in the HLA class I region at rs7750641 (p = 1.2 × 10−92; odds ratio [OR], 6.25). By imputation and conditional analyses, HLA‐B*08 proves to be the major associated allele (p = 2.87 × 10−113; OR, 6.41). In addition to the expected association with PTPN22 (rs2476601; OR, 1.71; p = 8.2 × 10−10), an imputed coding variant (rs2233290) at position 151 (Pro→Ala) in the TNFAIP3‐interacting protein 1, TNIP1, confers even stronger risk than PTPN22 (OR, 1.91; p = 3.2 × 10−10).Interpretation:The association at TNIP1 in EOMG implies disease mechanisms involving ubiquitin‐dependent dysregulation of NF‐κB signaling. The localization of the major HLA signal to the HLA‐B*08 allele suggests that CD8+ T cells may play a key role in disease initiation or pathogenesis. ANN NEUROL 2012;
Substantia nigra depigmentation and exposure to encephalitis lethargica
Authors: Hack Nawaz , Jicha Gregory A. , Abell Annalisa , Dean Dawson , Vitek Jerrold L. , Berger Joseph R. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjective:Parkinsonism has occasionally been reported as a consequence of infectious diseases. The present study examines the clinical and pathological correlates of parkinsonism across birth cohorts in relation to critical exposure to the encephalitis lethargica epidemic in the early 1900s.Methods:The study population consisted of 678 participants in the Nun Study, of whom 432 died and came to autopsy. Qualitative indices of substantia nigra (SN) depigmentation were verified in a subset of 40 randomly selected subjects using quantitative stereological techniques. SN depigmentation, detected neuropathologically, was correlated with clinical parameters of Parkinson disease, age, and birth cohort.Results:SN depigmentation was detected in 57 (13.2%) of the cohort. Although qualitative SN depigmentation correlated modestly with age (p = 0.02), it correlated best with birth cohort (p = 0.009) for women born in the years 1895–1899. Quantitative measures of SN depigmentation were increased in this birth cohort compared to age matched subjects from flanking birth cohorts 1890–1894 and 1900–1904 (p < 0.001). SN depigmentation correlated with speed of 6‐ and 50‐foot walk (p < 0.0001), up and go test (p < 0.0001), and hand coordination (p < 0.0001).Interpretation:Subjects in the birth cohort 1895–1899 would have been in their late teens and 20s at the onset and during the peak of the encephalitis lethargica epidemic. These were precisely the age ranges of persons who were most often affected by the illness. These data suggest the possibility that the coexistence of parkinsonism and SN depigmentation in this birth cohort may have resulted from the yet undetermined infectious agent responsible for encephalitis lethargica. ANN NEUROL 2012;72:912–917
“Intelligente” Biomaterialien durch Selbstorganisation von Hybridhydrogelen
Authors: Kopeček Jindřich , Yang Jiyuan 
Published: July 2012

AbstractHybridbiomaterialien sind Systeme, die aus Bausteinen von mindestens zwei individuellen Molekülklassen erzeugt werden, z. B. aus synthetischen Makromolekülen sowie Proteinen oder Peptiddomänen. Die synergistische Kombination von zwei Strukturarten kann neue Materialien ergeben, die einen beispiellosen Grad an struktureller Organisation sowie neuartige Eigenschaften aufweisen. Dieser Aufsatz diskutiert die durch Bioerkennung gesteuerte Selbstorganisation von hybriden Makromolekülen zu funktionalen Hydrogel‐Biomaterialien. Zuerst werden die grundlegenden Regeln besprochen, die die Sekundärstruktur von Peptiden bestimmen, und im Anschluss bewerten wir die Ansätze zur spezifischen Entwicklung von Hybridsystemen mit maßgeschneiderten Eigenschaften. Nach einer Diskussion der Ähnlichkeiten der verschiedenen Designprinzipien für Biomaterialien und makromolekulare Therapeutika werden wir die zukünftige Entwicklung dieses Forschungsgebietes kurz zusammenfassen.
Functional Block Copolymers: Nanostructured Materials with Emerging Applications
Authors: Schacher Felix H. , Rupar Paul A. , Manners Ian 
Published: July 2012

AbstractRecent advances in polymer synthesis have significantly enhanced the ability to rationally design block copolymers with tailored functionality. The self‐assembly of these macromolecules in the solid state or in solution allows the formation of nanostructured materials with a variety of properties and potential functions. This Review illustrates recent progress in the field of block copolymer materials by highlighting selected emerging applications.
Smart Self‐Assembled Hybrid Hydrogel Biomaterials
Authors: Kopeček Jindřich , Yang Jiyuan 
Published: July 2012

AbstractHybrid biomaterials are systems created from components of at least two distinct classes of molecules, for example, synthetic macromolecules and proteins or peptide domains. The synergistic combination of two types of structures may produce new materials that possess unprecedented levels of structural organization and novel properties. This Review focuses on biorecognition‐driven self‐assembly of hybrid macromolecules into functional hydrogel biomaterials. First, basic rules that govern the secondary structure of peptides are discussed, and then approaches to the specific design of hybrid systems with tailor‐made properties are evaluated, followed by a discussion on the similarity of design principles of biomaterials and macromolecular therapeutics. Finally, the future of the field is briefly outlined.
Synthesis of star–comb‐shaped polymer with porphyrin‐core and its self‐assembly behavior study
Authors: Zhang Bao , Wang Di , Li Meng , Li Yapeng , Chen Xuesi 
Published: July 2012

Abstract5,10,15,20‐tetra(4‐hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (THPP) was synthesized by the condensation of pyrrole with 4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde in the presence of solvent (propionic acid). Subsequently, the resulting THPP was converted to a tetrafunctional star‐shaped macroinitiator (porphyrin‐Br4) by esterification of it with 2‐bromopropanoyl bromide, and then atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene was conducted at 110°C with CuCl/2,2′‐bipyridine as the catalyst system. The resulting product was reacted with NBS to obtain star‐shaped initiator porphyrin‐(PSt‐Br)4, which was used the following ATRP of the GMA to synthesize star–comb‐shaped grafted polymer porphyrin‐(PSt‐g‐PGMA)4. The number molecular weight was 2.3 × 104 g/mol, and the dispersity was narrow (Mw/Mn = 1.32). The structure of the polymers was investigated by NMR, UV–vis, IR, and GPC measurement. The self‐assembly behavior of the polymer porphyrin‐(PSt‐g‐PGMA)4 was studied by DLS and AFM. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Incorporation of multiwalled carbon nanotube into a polymethacrylate‐based monolith for ion chromatography
Authors: Wang Nani , He Shiwei , Yan Wenwu , Zhu Yan 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA new monolithic stationary phase containing multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) was prepared by in situ polymerization of methacrylate monomers in a silanized capillary. The novel stationary phases were studied by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, and mechanical stability test. Application of the columns in ion chromatography (IC) separation of five inorganic anions provided satisfactory under the isocratic elution condition. It was observed that MWCNT in the monoliths played an important role in the IC separation. Both the column efficiencies and exchange capacities were improved by adding MWCNT in the monoliths. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Effect of take‐up speed on polyvinylidene fluoride hollow fiber membrane in a thermally induced phase separation process
Authors: Li Xianfeng , Liu Huiyu , Xiao Changfa , Ma Shihu , Zhao Xuehui 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe porous polyvinylidene fluoride hollow fiber membranes were prepared via the thermally induced phase separation process using mixed diluent. The effects of take‐up speed on the structure of membranes were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. The membrane properties were measured in terms of the pure water flux, porosity, and mechanical properties. The results showed that the cross‐sectional structure of membrane had an obvious change and presented a uniform structure when TS increased to 72 m min−1, whereas the membrane made from TS <41 m min− presented an interconnected aggregation structure. However, the change of surface structure of all membranes was hardly observed. In addition, the strength and elongation of breakage of membrane increased obviously with the increase of TS, whereas the pure water flux and porosity changed slightly. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013