bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Olive leaves (Olea europea L.) and α‐tocopheryl acetate as feed antioxidants for improving the oxidative stability of α‐linolenic acid‐enriched eggs
Authors: Botsoglou E. , Govaris A. , Fletouris D. , Iliadis S. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryNinety‐six brown Lohmann laying hens were equally assigned into four groups with six replicates. Hens within the control group were fed a corn–soybean‐based diet supplemented with 4% linseed oil. Two other groups were given the same diet further supplemented with 5 or 10 g ground olive leaves/kg feed, while the diet of the fourth group was further supplemented with 200 mg α‐tocopheryl acetate/kg. Supplementing diets with olive leaves had no effect on egg production, feed intake and egg traits. Eggs collected 28 days after feeding the experimental diets were analysed for lipid hydroperoxides and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, fatty acid profile, α‐tocopherol concentrations and susceptibility to iron‐induced lipid oxidation. Olive leaves were also analysed for total and individual phenolics, and total flavonoids, whereas their antioxidant capacity was determined using both the DPPH (1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2‐azinobis3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) radical scavenging activity assays. Results showed that neither α‐tocopheryl acetate nor olive leaves supplementation exerted (p > 0.05) any effect on the fatty acid composition of n‐3 eggs. Supplementing the diet with 5 g olive leaves/kg had no (p > 0.05) effect on the hydroperoxide levels of n‐3 eggs, while supplementing with 10 g olive leaves/kg or 200 mg α‐tocopheryl acetate/kg, the lipid hydroperoxide levels were reduced (p ≤ 0.05) compared to control. However, although hydroperoxides were reduced, MDA, a secondary lipid oxidation product, was not affected (p > 0.05). Iron‐induced lipid oxidation increased MDA values in eggs from all groups, the increase being higher (p ≤ 0.05) in the control group and the group supplemented with 5 g olive leaves/kg. The group supplemented with 10 g olive leaves/kg presented MDA values lower (p ≤ 0.05) than the control but higher (p ≤ 0.05) than the α‐tocopheryl acetate group, which presented MDA concentrations lower (p ≤ 0.05) than all other experimental diets at all incubation time points.
Morphological changes of the cartilage and bone in newborn piglets evoked by experimentally induced glucocorticoid excess during pregnancy
Authors: Tomaszewska E. , Dobrowolski P. , Puzio I. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryThe study examined articular and growth plate cartilages as well as bone tissues in the offspring of sows treated with glucocorticoid during the last 45 days of pregnancy (dexamethasone at the dose of 0.03 mg/kg body weight intramuscularly, every second day). The offspring were tested at the birth and basal morphology for both articular and growth plate cartilages, and the histomorphometry of trabeculae of the epiphysis and metaphysis of femur and tibia were established. The concentration of selected cytokines and the activity of bone alkaline phosphatase were determined in blood serum. Maternal dexamethasone (DEX) administration reduced the thickness of proliferative, resting and hypertrophic zones of growth plate of femur and tibia of male piglets when compared with the control. DEX significantly reduced the thickness of the resting zone in both bones. It also elongated proliferative and hypertrophic zones of the growth plate in the femur as well as the hypertrophic zone in the tibia of female piglets when compared with the control group. Moreover, DEX decreased the articular cartilage thickness of the tibia in female piglets and enhanced the articular cartilage thickness of the femur in male piglets. Articular cartilage was highly cellular, and chondrocytes were separated by thin septa of matrix. An analysis of the trabecular bone architecture in male piglets showed a loss of the trabecular bone by thinning and DEX‐related increase in trabecular porosity. Moreover, the cortical bone looked similar to the trabeculae because of trabecularization of the cortex. There was a DEX that reduced serum osteocalcin and BAP concentrations in both female and male newborn piglets, whereas the serum IL‐1 and Il‐6 was reduced only in male piglets. The obtained results demonstrated that DEX administration to sows during the last 45 days of pregnancy might cause the growth to slow and eventually to stop, especially in male piglets. It might lead to an alteration within the cartilage during its normal function, and with the time, arthritic changes can follow.
Development of genomic‐derived simple sequence repeat markers in Hevea brasiliensis from 454 genome shotgun sequences
Authors: Pootakham Wirulda , Chanprasert Juntima , Jomchai Nukoon , Sangsrakru Duangjai , Yoocha Thippawan , Tragoonrung Somvong , Tangphatsornruang Sithichoke 
Published: June 2012

With 2 figures and 2 tablesAbstractIn an attempt to develop additional microsatellite markers in rubber tree, we employed a 454 pyrosequencing technology to obtain genomic shotgun sequences and subsequently identified over 24 000 putative simple sequence repeats (SSRs). A total of 418 potential SSR loci were chosen for an empirical validation. Two hundred and twenty‐four primer pairs yielded successful amplification, and 90 SSR markers exhibited polymorphism among the 18 rubber tree accessions evaluated. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 7, with an average of 3.44 alleles per SSR. The gene diversity of individual microsatellite loci displayed a broad range of values from 0.104 to 0.901 with a mean of 0.612. The polymorphism information content also varied greatly from 0.099 to 0.893 with an average of 0.577. We also identified a set of five highly informative markers that were able to unequivocally distinguish 18 rubber tree genotypes examined in this study.
Gene expression analysis in the green macroalga Acrosiphonia arcta (Dillw.) J. Ag.: Method optimization and influence of ultraviolet radiation
Authors: Kremb Stephan , Ernst Dieter , Heller Werner , Wiencke Christian 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYMarine macroalgae represent an important part of coastal ecosystems in temperate and polar areas. Increasing surface ultraviolet radiation (UVR) levels due to stratospheric ozone thinning may lead to deleterious effects on the physiology of marine macroalgae. Only few studies concentrate on the response of macroalgal gene expression towards elevated UVR. Analyzing gene expression in marine algae is challenging regarding RNA extraction, enrichment of differentially expressed transcripts and identification of resulting sequences. Thus, we focused on the optimization of the appropriate techniques using the widely distributed green marine macroalga Acrosiphonia arcta. We successfully used a combination of suppression subtractive hybridization with microarray‐based screening of size‐selected cDNA libraries and were able to substantially improve the outcome compared with standard techniques. Analysis of differential gene expression revealed a distinct pattern of reactions towards ecologically relevant UVR levels pointing to specific mechanisms that include modulation of the photosynthetic apparatus, induction of glutathione metabolism, removal of toxic photoproducts and use of the malate valve to dissipate excess energy. The results of this study clearly correlate with previous physiological findings on photosynthesis and the antioxidative capacity of this alga.
Effect of sulthiame on EEG pathology, behavior and school performance in children with Rolandic epileptiform discharges
Authors: Shamdeen Mohammed Ghiath , Jost Wolfram , Frohnhöfer Martina , Gortner Ludwig , Meyer Sascha 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackground:  Rolandic epileptiform discharges (RED) may be associated with behavioral difficulties and low school performance. The aim of this study was to assess whether sulthiame is effective in improving electroencephalogram (EEG) pathology, and whether these changes are paralleled by improved school performance and behavior.Methods:  In this single‐center study at a university hospital, 38 children with RED (27 boys, 11 girls; mean age, 6 years; range, 3–11 years), but no overt seizures, were included. Sixteen of them were treated with sulthiame (3–10 mg/kg). The observational period was 12 months. In both groups serial EEG was performed, and school performance and behavioral skills were assessed by parents and teachers.Results:  Children treated with sulthiame showed marked improvement on EEG pathology when compared to the non‐treated group (75% vs 44%; P= 0.149). Improvement of EEG pathology was significantly associated with better school performance and normalization of behavioral difficulties (P= 0.016). A significant positive correlation was established between sulthiame treatment and improved intellectual/school performance and behavior (P < 0.05). Side‐effects (transient episodes of tachypnea) were rare (four children; 25%).Conclusion:  EEG pathology can be improved with sulthiame in children with RED. The EEG changes were associated with improved clinical outcome parameters. The present findings need to be confirmed in a larger randomized controlled trial.
IgG3 deficiency and severity of 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza
Authors: Sakai Emiko , Yamamoto Takehisa , Yamamoto Katsusuke , Mizoguchi Yoshimi , Kaneno Hiroshi , Ihashi Mai , Takano Mika , Anzai Kaori , Kase Tetsuo , Shimotsuji Tsunesuke 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackground:  The severity of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza (H1N1 pdm 09) in immune deficient children is unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate this in a case of complete IgG3 deficiency complicated by pneumonia and asthma attack.Methods:  The clinical parameters of the IgG3 deficiency patient were compared with those of four control patients using 95% confidence intervals. These control patients were selected from 71 patients admitted due to pneumonia or bronchitis caused by H1N1 pdm 09, and were chosen according to age, absence of pretreatment with oseltamivir before admission, presence of a past history of asthma, use of antibiotics, and combination of inhalation of a beta2 agonist and treatment with i.v. methylprednisolone for asthma attack.Results:  The IgG3 deficiency patient had significantly longer duration of admission and period of oseltamivir, with a significantly decreased pulse oxygen saturation and increased maximum serum C‐reactive protein, creatine kinase and urinary excretion of β2‐microglobulin/creatinine, compared with the controls (P < 0.05).Conclusions:  Complete IgG3 deficiency is possibly associated with severity of the clinical course of pneumonia and asthma attack in children suffering from H1N1 pdm 09.
Laparoscopic treatment of hepatic hydatid disease
Authors: Koea Jonathan B. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackground:  Hepatic hydatid disease is now rare in Australasia. However, it remains a significant problem in endemic areas. Many cases are now managed using minimally invasive techniques and this paper reviews the current status of laparoscopic approaches to hepatic hydatid disease.Methods:  A Medline data search was performed using the search terms of Ecchinococcos, laparoscopy, hepatectomy and pericystectomy. All publications from all publication years, including foreign language publications, were included.Results:  Eight series have been published comprising five or more patients, with most utilizing techniques of laparoscopic cystectomy. All series managed Gharbi cyst types I–IV, and median operative times were between 60 and 82 min. Seven conversions were reported (3%) for problems with access or bleeding. There was one reported fatality, and between 5% and 45% (median 13%) of patients developed complications. Three cases of anaphylaxis were reported and 14 cases of bile fistula were reported (median incidence: 6%). Hospital stays were between 3 and 10 days (median stay: 3.5 days). Two series report recurrences (recurrence rates of 3% and 4%) and these were in patients not treated with preoperative albendazole.Conclusion:  Laparoscopic surgical techniques have been successfully applied to the treatment of hepatic hydatid cysts. While the uptake of these procedures is limited to areas of high prevalence and units with a specific interest, laparoscopic surgery is now one of the management options available to treat hepatic hydatid disease.
Experience matters: prior exposure to plant toxins enhances diversity of gut microbes in herbivores
Authors: Kohl Kevin D. , Dearing M. D. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractFor decades, ecologists have hypothesised that exposure to plant secondary compounds (PSCs) modifies herbivore‐associated microbial community composition. This notion has not been critically evaluated in wild mammalian herbivores on evolutionary timescales. We investigated responses of the microbial communities of two woodrat species (Neotoma bryanti and N. lepida). For each species, we compared experienced populations that independently converged to feed on the same toxic plant (creosote bush, Larrea tridentata) to naïve populations with no exposure to creosote toxins. The addition of dietary PSCs significantly altered gut microbial community structure, and the response was dependent on previous experience. Microbial diversity and relative abundances of several dominant phyla increased in experienced woodrats in response to PSCs; however, opposite effects were observed in naïve woodrats. These differential responses were convergent in experienced populations of both species. We hypothesise that adaptation of the foregut microbiota to creosote PSCs in experienced woodrats drives this differential response.
Living Monoplacophora: morphological conservatism or recent diversification?
Authors: Kano Yasunori , Kimura Shoichi , Kimura Taeko , Warén Anders 
Published: June 2012

Kano, Y., Kimura, S., Kimura, T. & Warén, A. (2012) Living Monoplacophora: morphological conservatism or recent diversification? —Zoologica Scripta, 41, 471–488.The molluscs of the class Monoplacophora are classic and probably the most striking case of a ‘living fossil’ in the deep sea. Until the discovery of the first living specimens in 1950s, the group was thought to be extinct since the Devonian period, almost 400 million years ago. Morphological conservatism over a long span of time in a ‘living‐fossil’ lineage may theoretically result in distant but closely resembling taxa, and this idea apparently led some authors to recognise as many as six families and three superfamilies for less than three dozen living monoplacophoran species. However, no genetic or fossil data have been available regarding the history of their diversification. Here we describe Veleropilina seisuimaruae sp. n., the first member of the class from the north‐western Pacific, based on the shell, radular and anatomical characteristics. Phylogenetic analyses of 6‐kb DNA sequences estimate that the divergence of V. seisuimaruae and Laevipilina hyalina, the only other monoplacophoran available for genetic studies, dates back only to the Late Cretaceous, despite their significant morphological differences among the living members of the class. The recent Monoplacophora might have radiated fairly recently from a cryptic lineage with ordinary rates of morphological evolution, possibly after the global deep‐sea anoxia at the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary.
Analysis of outcomes after radical prostatectomy in patients eligible for active surveillance (PRIAS)
Authors: El Hajj Albert , Ploussard Guillaume , de la Taille Alexandre , Allory Yves , Vordos Dimitri , Hoznek Andras , Abbou Claude Clément , Salomon Laurent 
Published: June 2012

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?
Several criteria have been described to select patients with prostate cancer in active surveillance (AS) protocols; however, the risk of missing unfavourable disease remains.
We report the risk of misclassification using the Prostate Cancer Research International: Active Surveillance (PRIAS) study in an analysis of pathological results after radical prostatectomy. We also define predictors of favourable disease that can be used to better select patients eligible for AS, as well as risk factors associated with disease progression.
Objective
To identify the risk of failure of active surveillance (AS) in men who had the Prostate Cancer Research International: Active Surveillance (PRIAS) criteria and had undergone radical prostatectomy (RP), by studying as primary endpoints the risk of unfavourable disease in RP specimens (stage >T2 and/or Gleason score >6) and of biochemical progression after RP.
Patients and Methods
We assessed 626 patients who had the PRIAS criteria for AS defined as T1c/T2, PSA level of ≤10 ng/mL, PSA density (PSAD) of <0.2 ng/mL per mL, Gleason score of <7, and one or two positive biopsies. All patients underwent immediate RP at our department between January 1991 and December 2010.
Multivariate logistic regression was used to test factors correlated with the risk of unfavourable prostate cancer.
The risk of progression was tested using multivariate Cox regression models.
Biochemical recurrence‐free survival (BFS) was established using the Kaplan–Meier method
Results
Pathological study of RP specimens showed upstaging (>T2) in 129 patients (20.6%), upgrading (Gleason score >6) in 281 (44.9%) and unfavourable disease in 312 patients (50%).
There was a statistically non‐significant trend for BFS at P = 0.06.
Predictors of favourable tumours were age <65 years (P = 0.005), one vs two positive biopsies (P = 0.01) and a biopsy core number >12 (P = 0.005).
Preoperative factors predicting disease progression were a PSAD of >0.15 ng/mL2 (P = 0.008) and biopsy core number of ≤12 (P = 0.017).
Conclusions
Even with stringent AS criteria, the rate of unfavourable disease remains high.
Predictive factors of unfavourable disease and biochemical progression should be considered when including patients in AS protocols.
Impact of surgical intervention timing on the case fatality rate for Fournier's gangrene: an analysis of 379 cases
Authors: Sugihara Toru , Yasunaga Hideo , Horiguchi Hiromasa , Fujimura Tetsuya , Ohe Kazuhiko , Matsuda Shinya , Fushimi Kiyohide , Homma Yukio 
Published: June 2012

Study Type – Prognosis (outcome)Level of Evidence 2bWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Reportedly, Fournier's gangrene has a high mortality rate, ∼7.5–40%, and experts recommend early surgical debridement.This study examines 379 patients and shows that an early intervention, i.e. within 2 hospital days could halve the mortality rate compared with later intervention.OBJECTIVE
To examine how early surgical intervention influenced cases of Fournier's gangrene (FG) fatality.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Patients with FG (defined as an International Classification of Diseases‐10 code of M72.6 [necrotizing fasciitis] at the perineum or external genitalia), who received surgical intervention ≤5 days after admission, were identified from the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database for the 6‐month period July to December, in the years 2007–2010.
Data included age, sex, comorbidities, ambulance use, operations and debridement ranges.
Multivariate logistic regression analysis of mortality was performed to show whether early (≤2 hospital days) or delayed (3–5 hospital days) surgical treatment affected FG outcomes.
RESULTS
A total of 302 male and 77 female patients with FG were identified for which the overall case fatality rate was 17.1% (65 cases).
There were no significant differences in patient characteristics between the early operation group (n= 327) and the delayed operation group (n= 52), with the exception of ambulance use (33.3% vs 17.3%, P= 0.020).
Cystostomy, colostomy, orchiectomy/penectomy (male patients only), or debridement ≥3000 cm2 were performed on 42 (8.8%), 56 (11.5%), 46 (10.8%) and 17 (4.4%) patients, respectively.
Multivariate analysis showed that there was a significantly lower case fatality rate among the early operation group (odds ratio [OR]= 0.38; P= 0.031).
Older age (OR 1.80, for 10‐year increments), Charlson comorbidity index score (OR = 1.33, for 1‐point increments), sepsis or disseminated intravascular coagulation at admission (OR 4.01), and debridement range ≥3000 cm2 (OR 5.22, compared with other operations) were significantly associated with a higher case fatality rate.
CONCLUSION
Early (≤2 hospital days) surgical intervention for FG is significantly associated with lower mortality than delayed (3–5 hospital days) action.
When the Cats are away: The impact of sporting events on assault‐ and alcohol‐related emergency department attendances
Authors: Miller Peter , M c Donald Louise , M c Kenzie Stephen , O'Brien Kerry , Staiger Petra 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIntroduction and AimsDespite the attention given to the broad topic of alcohol and violence, there are few studies of this relationship in the context of sporting events and their impact on alcohol‐related hospital emergency department (ED) attendances, none of which are Australian.MethodsDe‐identified patient records from Barwon Health's Geelong Hospital ED were analysed from 1 July 2005 to 16 February 2010. Information contained in these records included age, gender, suburb of residence, attendance date and time, arrival mode and reason for attendance. The ED triage database was searched for attendances relating to alcohol, drugs and assault of which 16 940 cases were returned.ResultsThere was a substantial increase in annual alcohol‐related ED attendances from 2006 to 2009. Hierarchical binary logistic regression analyses showed that having a game on a particular day did not contribute to the model, but there were significantly more ED attendances for assaults on days when the Geelong Cats won. There were no significant predictors of ED attendance for alcohol‐related harm in the variables studied.DiscussionThe findings of the study suggest that there are significantly more assault‐related attendances at the ED in Geelong when the local national football team, the Geelong Cats, won. None of the variables under investigation appears to have impacted on alcohol‐related attendances which were not assaults (i.e. injuries or intoxication).ConclusionsIt appears that increases in ED attendances associated with the success of a local sporting team are not significantly associated with alcohol use and are more influenced by other factors.