bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing engagement in the science practices: A study of preservice elementary teachers
Authors: Bennion Adam , Davis Elizabeth A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPreservice elementary teachers enter their science methods courses with a range of prior experience with science practice. Those prior experiences likely inform much of their science pedagogy and goals. In this study, the authors examine how a cohort of preservice elementary teachers engaged in science practice as they learned content in a physics course. Drawing on course documents, videorecords, and artifacts from in‐class lab work and interviews with nine participants, the authors used an asset‐based, mixed methods approach. The authors developed rubrics to assess the level of sophistication the participants used while engaging in science practice on a scale of 1 (pre‐novice) to 4 (experienced). They used descriptive statistics and ANOVA's to interpret the performance of the participants in addition to grounded theory open coding of interviews to determine the participants' level of prior experience with science practice. The findings suggest that these preservice teachers primarily engaged in science practices at a novice level. In general, their sophistication scores on the rubric aligned with their prior experience. The findings suggest that while one content course steeped in science practice was not enough to significantly change preservice teachers' engagement, it can provide a needed starting place and that it likely takes time to develop these skills. The findings have implications for both teacher educators and researchers who hope to increase the use of science practice as a method of learning science content.
A Sustainable Approach for Enhancing Cationic Dyes Adsorption in Single and Multiple Systems using Novel Nano Ferrites Modified with Walnut Shell
Authors: Jasrotia Rimzim , Singh Rajinder , Sharma Dimple , Singh Jandeep , Mittal Sunil , Singh Harminder 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWalnut shell has been used in various experimental studies for different dyes removal, but it is exciting to study the adsorption behaviour of bio‐waste (walnut shell) in combination with spinel zinc ferrite which resulted in the formation of a novel material having magnetic properties and help in easy separation after the wastewater treatment. Novel magnetic walnut shell zinc ferrite (WSZF) composite has been synthesized and used to remove Malachite Green and Methylene Blue from aqueous solution in single and binary dye systems. Different techniques have been used to characterize the composite such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X‐Ray Diffraction, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric Analysis and pHzpc. Adsorption of dyes were studied to see the effect of time, pH, adsorbent dose, dye concentration and temperature. The Lagergren pseudo second order model fitted well among various kinetic models employed. Langmuir adsorption isotherm best fitted with maximum adsorption capacities of 86.20 and 169.5 mg/g in single dye and 23.92 and 18 mg/g respectively in binary dye system for Malachite Green and Methylene Blue. Process was spontaneous and ΔH° were found positive, confirmed endothermic process of adsorption. The composite‘s regeneration capacity was studied for five cycles and at the end of five cycle the efficiency of the material was found to be around 80 % for both single as well as binary dye systems. It is concluded that the chosen WSZF will be the optimum solution for cationic dyes removal.
Advancement of Next‐Generation DNA Sequencing through Ionic Blockade and Transverse Tunneling Current Methods
Authors: Kumawat Rameshwar L. , Jena Milan Kumar , Mittal Sneha , Pathak Biswarup 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDNA sequencing is transforming the field of medical diagnostics and personalized medicine development by providing a pool of genetic information. Recent advancements have propelled solid‐state material‐based sequencing into the forefront as a promising next‐generation sequencing (NGS) technology, offering amplification‐free, cost‐effective, and high‐throughput DNA analysis. Consequently, a comprehensive framework for diverse sequencing methodologies and a cross‐sectional understanding with meticulous documentation of the latest advancements is of timely need. This review explores a broad spectrum of progress and accomplishments in the field of DNA sequencing, focusing mainly on electrical detection methods. The review delves deep into both the theoretical and experimental demonstrations of the ionic blockade and transverse tunneling current methods across a broad range of device architectures, nanopore, nanogap, nanochannel, and hybrid/heterostructures. Additionally, various aspects of each architecture are explored along with their strengths and weaknesses, scrutinizing their potential applications for ultrafast DNA sequencing. Finally, an overview of existing challenges and future directions is provided to expedite the emergence of high‐precision and ultrafast DNA sequencing with ionic and transverse current approaches.
Defective Tungsten Oxides with Stacking Faults for Proton Exchange Membrane Green‐Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Qu Ming‐Rong , Cheng Yi‐Ran , Duan Heng‐Li , Qin You‐Yi , Feng Si‐Hua , Su Xiao‐Zhi , Yuan Yi‐Fei , Yan Wen‐Sheng , Cao Liang , Xu Jie , Wu Rui , Yu Shu‐Hong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDefects can introduce atomic structural modulation and tailor performance of materials. Herein, it demonstrates that semiconductor WO3 with inert electrocatalytic behavior can be activated through defect‐induced tensile strains. Structural characterizations reveal that when simply treated in Ar/H2 atmosphere, oxygen vacancies will generate in WO3 and cause defective structures. Stacking faults are found in defects, thus modulating electronic structure and transforming electrocatalytic‐inert WO3 into highly active electrocatalysts. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are performed to calculate *H adsorption energies on various WOx surfaces, revealing the oxygen vacancy composition and strain predicted to optimize the catalytic activity of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Such defective tungsten oxides can be integrated into commercial proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyser with comparable performance toward Pt‐based PEM. This work demonstrates defective metal oxides as promising non‐noble metal catalysts for commercial PEM green‐hydrogen generation.
Unraveling the immunogenic cell death pathways in gastric adenocarcinoma: A multi‐omics study
Authors: Gu Renjun , Chen Zilu , Dong Mengyue , Li Ziyun , Wang Min , Liu Hao , Shen Xinyu , Huang Yan , Feng Jin , Mei Kun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundGastric cancer (GC) is a prevalent malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal (GI) system. However, the lack of reliable biomarkers has made its diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment challenging. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a type of programmed cell death that is strongly related to the immune system. However, its function in GC requires further investigation.MethodWe used multi‐omics and multi‐angle approaches to comprehensively explore the prognostic features of ICD in patients with stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD). At the single‐cell level, we screened genes associated with ICD at the transcriptome level, selected prognostic genes related to ICD using weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) and machine learning, and constructed a prognostic model. In addition, we constructed nomograms that incorporated pertinent clinical features and provided effective tools for prognostic prediction in clinical settings. We also investigated the sensitivity of the risk subgroups to both immunotherapy and drugs. Finally, in addition to quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence was used to validate the expression of ICD‐linked genes.ResultsBased on single‐cell and transcriptome WGCNA analyses, we identified 34 ICD‐related genes, of which 11 were related to prognosis. We established a prognostic model using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm and identified dissimilarities in overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) in risk subgroups. The nomograms associated with the ICD‐related signature (ICDRS) demonstrated a good predictive value for clinical applications. Moreover, we detected changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME), including biological functions, mutation landscapes, and immune cell infiltration, between the high‐ and low‐risk groups.ConclusionWe constructed an ICD‐related prognostic model that incorporated features related to cell death. This model can serve as a useful tool for predicting the prognosis of GC, targeted prevention, and personalized medicine.
All separable supersymmetric AdS5 black holes
Authors: Lucietti James , Ntokos Praxitelis , Ovchinnikov Sergei G. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We consider the classification of supersymmetric black hole solutions to five-dimensional STU gauged supergravity that admit torus symmetry. This reduces to a problem in toric Kähler geometry on the base space. We introduce the class of separable toric Kähler surfaces that unify product-toric, Calabi-toric and orthotoric Kähler surfaces, together with an associated class of separable 2-forms. We prove that any supersymmetric toric solution that is timelike, with a separable Kähler base space and Maxwell fields, outside a horizon with a compact (locally) spherical cross-section, must be locally isometric to the known black hole or its near-horizon geometry. An essential part of the proof is a near-horizon analysis which shows that the only possible separable Kähler base space is Calabi-toric. In particular, this also implies that our previous black hole uniqueness theorem for minimal gauged supergravity applies to the larger class of separable Kähler base spaces.
Two-loop non-planar four-point topology with massive internal loop
Authors: Ahmed Taushif , Chaubey Ekta , Kaur Mandeep , Maggio Sara 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We study a set of two-loop non-planar master integrals needed for the NNLO QCD corrections to diphoton and dijet production at hadron colliders. The top-sector topology contains an internal massive fermion loop and is known to contain elliptic curves. Leveraging the method of differential equations, we provide a comprehensive discussion for deriving an ϵ-factorized differential equation related to the most intricate sector within the Feynman integral family. Despite the dependence on multiple scales and the presence of two elliptic sectors, we demonstrate how to leverage the properties of their maximal cuts and the factorization of the Picard-Fuchs operator to deal with the complexity of the analytic computation. In particular, we construct a transformation matrix that brings the differential equations into a format enabling the convenient expression of analytic results in terms of Chen’s iterated integrals.
Field-assisted sintering of high-entropy alloy-reinforced aluminium matrix composites: phase identification and microstructural properties
Authors: Salifu Smith , Olubambi Peter Apata 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the design, phase identification, and microstructural properties of high-entropy alloy (HEA)-reinforced aluminium (Al) matrix composites. Thermophysical expressions for HEAs were employed during the design phase of the HEA; both theoretical frameworks and experimental analyses were used to anticipate stable phases while a field-assisted sintering technique was employed to consolidate the samples. Calculation of phase diagram (CALPHAD) predictions for the phases present in the HEA align with valence electron concentration (VEC) calculations as both predicted the presence of BCC and FCC phases. The microhardness results reveal a substantial increase in the hardness value of the composites as compared to the pure Al, such that as low as 5 wt% HEA addition resulted in over a 100% improvement, while the densification of the composites was found to decrease with an increase in the wt% of HEA. SEM micrographs and XRD analyses show fair dispersion, bonding, and phase integration in the HEA-reinforced composites.
How to evaluate perfusion imaging in post-treatment glioma: a comparison of three different analysis methods
Authors: Herings Siem D. A. , van den Elshout Rik , de Wit Rebecca , Mannil Manoj , Ravesloot Cécile , Scheenen Tom W. J. , Arens Anne , van der Kolk Anja , Meijer Frederick J. A. , Henssen Dylan J. H. A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion weighted (PW)-MRI can aid in differentiating treatment related abnormalities (TRA) from tumor progression (TP) in post-treatment glioma patients. Common methods, like the ‘hot spot’, or visual approach suffer from oversimplification and subjectivity. Using perfusion of the complete lesion potentially offers an objective and accurate alternative. This study aims to compare the diagnostic value and assess the subjectivity of these techniques.

Methods
50 Glioma patients with enhancing lesions post-surgery and chemo-radiotherapy were retrospectively included. Outcome was determined by clinical/radiological follow-up or biopsy. Imaging analysis used the ‘hot spot’, volume of interest (VOI) and visual approach. Diagnostic accuracy was compared using receiving operator characteristics (ROC) curves for the VOI and ‘hot spot’ approach, visual assessment was analysed with contingency tables. Inter-operator agreement was determined with Cohens kappa and intra-class coefficient (ICC).

Results
29 Patients suffered from TP, 21 had TRA. The visual assessment showed poor to substantial inter-operator agreement (κ = -0.72 – 0.68). Reliability of the ‘hot spot’ placement was excellent (ICC = 0.89), while reference placement was variable (ICC = 0.54). The area under the ROC (AUROC) of the mean- and maximum relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) (VOI-analysis) were 0.82 and 0.72, while the rCBV-ratio (‘hot spot’ analysis) was 0.69. The VOI-analysis had a more balanced sensitivity and specificity compared to visual assessment.

Conclusions
VOI analysis of DSC PW-MRI data holds greater diagnostic accuracy in single-moment differentiation of TP and TRA than ‘hot spot’ or visual analysis. This study underlines the subjectivity of visual placement and assessment.
Evaluating breast ultrasonography as a complementary diagnostic method in girls with central precocious puberty
Authors: Bıyıklı Erhan , Helvacıoğlu Didem , Buğdaycı Onur , Tosun Buşra Gürpınar , Turan Serap , Güran Tülay , Bereket Abdullah 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Assessment of breast development by physical examination can be difficult in the early stages and in overweight girls.

Objective
To investigate ultrasonography (US) for evaluation of early breast development.

Materials and methods
In a prospective study, 125 girls (age 7.1 ± 1.5 years) with breast development before 8 years underwent US breast staging, breast volume, and elastography, in addition to clinical/hormonal evaluation for precocious puberty. Accuracy of US for determining breast development and predicting progression to central precocious puberty was investigated.

Results
Physical examination revealed glandular breast enlargement in 100 and predominantly lipomastia in 25. Breast US in the former confirmed glandular breast development in 92 (group 1, physical examination and US positive), but not in 8 (group 2, physical examination positive, US negative). Comparison of the two groups demonstrated lower Tanner and US staging, bone age/chronological age, basal luteinizing hormone (LH), breast volume, and uterine volume in group 2. In the 25 lipomastia patients, US demonstrated no breast tissue in 19 (group 3, physical examination and US negative), but US stage ≥ II in 6 (group 4, physical examination negative, US positive) without differences in clinical parameters. After follow-up of 19.8 ± 4.2 months, 46/125 subjects were diagnosed with precocious puberty. US stage, total breast volume, and shear-wave speeds were significantly higher in these 46 patients. Multivariate analyses demonstrated breast volume > 3.4 cc had odds ratio of 11.0, sensitivity of 62%, and specificity of 89, in predicting progression to precocious puberty, being second only to stimulated LH for all variables.

Conclusion
Breast US is a useful predictive tool for diagnosis of precocious puberty in girls. Higher US stages and higher breast volume on US increased the likelihood of eventual diagnosis of precocious puberty.

Graphical Abstract
Autologous Fat Breast Reconstruction with Implant Completion-Experience with 29 Consecutive Cases and 33 Breasts
Authors: Gronovich Yoav , Skorochod Ron , Maisel-Lotan Adi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Implant-based breast reconstruction is the most prevalent form of breast reconstruction. Autologous fat grafting (AFG) was conceptualized as an alternative to implant-based breast reconstruction and was found to be a reliable reconstruction modality. However, usually, a few grafting rounds are required to create the desired shape and size of the breast. Current literature describes ample experience with AFG as an adjunct to implant-based breast reconstruction for improving appearance. However, the utilization of breast implants following initial AFG has been sparingly described. The primary advantage of this study is the creation of new fat tissue as a breast mound. The reconstruction is then concluded by inserting an implant into this new mound. This approach reduces the overall number of fat injections needed to achieve the desired outcome, as well as the total volume of the implant.

Methods
This IRB-approved retrospective study was conducted between January 2015 and December 2021. All women who underwent delayed breast reconstruction with AFG during this timeframe and wanted to complete it with a silicone implant as a last stage were included in the study.

Results
A total of 29 patients (33 breasts) underwent delayed breast reconstruction with AFG and a silicone implant as the final stage. In all cases, the results were satisfying without any major complications. Minor complications were observed with one patient and included an infection.

Conclusions
The findings of this study have demonstrated the effectiveness of this procedure together with patient satisfaction, thus highlighting the potential advantages that this approach offers.

Level of Evidence III
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Biochar for the Mitigation of Metal/Metalloid Stress in Plants
Authors: Sarraf Mohammad , Janeeshma Edappayil , Arif Namira , Yadav Vaishali , Zahra Noreen , Bouzroud Sarah , Mirmazloum Iman , Yadi Reza , Hasanuzzaman Mirza 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMetal(loid) pollution has become one of the most pressing environmental issues, threatening all living organisms. Metal(loid) stress adversely impacts plant growth, physiology, and overall productivity. Numerous physicochemical approaches have been developed and employed to counteract and reduce the detrimental effects of metal(loid)s. However, these methods have raised environmental concerns, leading to questions about their appropriateness and efficacy. Consequently, alternative and eco-friendly solutions, such as the application of biochar, have gained prominence. Biochar is a carbon-rich material derived from the pyrolysis and hydrothermal processes of various organic materials. Due to its exceptional physicochemical properties, biochar is believed to enhance soil quality and fertility. Several global studies have underscored the positive role of biochar in reducing the uptake of metal(loid)s by plants in polluted soils. In this article, we explore various facets of plant reactions to metal(loid)s toxicity and attempt to draw links between biochar use and improvements in plant physiology and performance. We also review the effectiveness of biochar in phytoremediation, its influence on nutrient adsorption mechanisms, and its role in assisting plant growth and defense systems.
MCAD: Multi-classification anomaly detection with relational knowledge distillation
Authors: Li Zhuo , Ge Yifei , Yue Xuebin , Meng Lin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWith the wide application of deep learning in anomaly detection (AD), industrial vision AD has achieved remarkable success. However, current AD usually focuses on anomaly localization and rarely investigates anomaly classification. Furthermore, anomaly classification is currently requested for quality management and anomaly reason analysis. Therefore, it is essential to classify anomalies while improving the accuracy of AD. This paper designs a novel multi-classification AD (MCAD) framework to achieve high-accuracy AD with an anomaly classification function. In detail, the proposal model based on relational knowledge distillation consists of two components. The first one employs a teacher–student AD model, utilizing a relational knowledge distillation approach to transfer the interrelationships of images. The teacher–student critical layer feature activation values are used in the knowledge transfer process to achieve anomaly detection. The second component realizes anomaly multi-classification using the lightweight convolutional neural network. Our proposal has achieved 98.95, 96.04, and 92.94% AUROC AD results on MNIST, FashionMNIST, and CIFAR10 datasets. Meanwhile, we earn 97.58 and 98.10% AUROC for AD and localization in the MVTecAD dataset. The average classification accuracy of anomaly classification has reached 76.37% in fifteen categories of the MVTec-AD dataset. In particular, the classification accuracy of the leather category has gained 95.24%. The results on the MVTec-AD dataset show that MCAD achieves excellent detection, localization, and classification results.
Reduced expression of central innate defense molecules in pancreatic biopsies from subjects with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Tegehall Angie , Ingvast Sofie , Krogvold Lars , Dahl-Jørgensen Knut , Korsgren Olle 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Aims/Hypothesis
Defensins play a crucial role in the innate immune system's first defense against microbial threats. However, little is known about the defensin system in the pancreas, especially in relation to Type 1 diabetes. We explore the expression of defensins in different disease stages of Type 1 diabetes and correlated obtained findings to the degree of inflammation, providing new insights into the disease and the innate immune system.

Material and methods
Pancreases from non-diabetic human organ donors of different age groups and donors with Type 1 diabetes with different disease duration were examined. Sections from head, body and tail of the pancreas were stained for eight different defensins and for immune cells; CD3+, CD45+, CD68+ and NES+ (granulocytes).

Results
In non-diabetic adult controls the level of expression for defensins Beta-1,Alpha-1, Cathelicidin and REG3A correlated with the level of inflammation. In contrast, individuals with Type 1 diabetes exhibit a reduction or absence of several central defensins regardless of the level of inflammation in their pancreas. The expression of Cathelicidin is present in neutrophils and macrophages but not in T-cells in subjects with Type 1 diabetes.

Conclusions
Obtained findings suggest a pancreatic dysfunction in the innate immune system and the bridging to the adaptive system in Type 1 diabetes. Further studies on the role of the local innate immune system in Type 1 diabetes is needed.