bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of seroconversion and antichlamydial treatment on the rate of pre‐eclampsia among Egyptian primigravidae
Authors: El‐Shourbagy Mahmoud A.A. , El‐Refaie Tamer A. , Sayed Khalid K.A. , Wahba Karim A.H. , El‐Din Adel S.S. , Fathy Maha M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of antichlamydial treatment andChlamydia pneumoniaeseroconversion on the incidence of pre‐eclampsia among Egyptian primigravidae.MethodsThe present prospective study included 600 healthy normotensive primigravidae who attended an outpatient clinic at 10–16 weeks of pregnancy. A single venous blood sample was collected to test forC. pneumonia‐specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Seropositive women were randomly allocated to receive or not receive antichlamydial treatment before 20 weeks of pregnancy. Seronegative participants had another test at delivery for the presence ofC. pneumonia‐specific IgG to determine seroconversion. All participants were followed up for up to 8 weeks postpartum and observed for the development of pre‐eclampsia.ResultsThe rate of pre‐eclampsia among seropositive participants differed significantly depending on whether the women received treatment or not (6.5% and 19.1%, respectively;P= 0.014). No statistically significant difference in the rate of pre‐eclampsia was detected between seronegative participants who underwent seroconversion and those who did not.ConclusionThe present results indirectly support the hypothesis that infectious agents (in particularC. pneumoniae) have a role in the development of pre‐eclampsia. The findings also indicate that antichlamydial treatment might help to reduce the incidence of pre‐eclampsia.
Congenital Portosystemic Shunts in Cats
Authors: Tivers Michael , Lipscomb Victoria 
Published: February 2011

Practical relevance Although the surgical management of feline congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSSs) is normally performed at specialist centres, a good knowledge of treatment options and prognosis is important for the general practitioner when advising clients. Clinical challenges A variety of surgical techniques are described for the correction of CPSSs in cats. Choosing between the different techniques is a challenge, given the limited availability of evidence supporting one technique over another. In addition, postoperative complications, and in particular neurological complications, are seen more frequently in the cat than the dog and thus postoperative monitoring and treatment is critically important in feline patients. Audience This article summarises current evidence in surgical management and is aimed at practising veterinarians, postgraduate students and specialists alike. Equipment Surgical management of CPSSs typically requires advanced surgical and critical care facilities. The precise nature will depend to some extent on the technique employed. Evidence base The evidence base for decision making in the surgical management of CPSSs is relatively sparse. In reviewing the evidence that is available, as well as the areas in which information is still lacking, this article may hopefully serve as a stimulus for further investigation into this condition.
Mycobacterium Microti Infection in the Cat
Authors: Rüfenacht Silvia , Bögli-Stuber Katja , Bodmer Thomas , Jaunin Valérie F Bornand , Jmaa Danielle C Gonin , Gunn-Moore Danièlle A 
Published: February 2011

Overview Mycobacterium microti infection is infrequently described in cats in the veterinary literature. It can be one of a large number of possible differential diagnoses in a feline patient with dermal nodules and non-healing draining ulcers, and can occasionally spread to involve the lungs and/or other areas of the body. Case summary This report describes the clinical signs, eventual diagnosis and variable response to treatment in a cat in Switzerland with recurrent cutaneous M microti infection. Only after several diagnostic and therapeutic attempts, over more than 2 years, was the species of Mycobacterium finally identified and targeted therapy given. Practical relevance For any cat in which there is even a low suspicion of mycobacterial infection, the authors recommend that an aggressive diagnostic approach is taken. Tissue specimens should be collected and frozen early on, and, as soon as acid-fast bacilli are detected, samples should be sent to a mycobacterial reference laboratory for definitive identification. Literature review A review of the literature relating to the aetiopathogenesis, diagnosis and management of M microti infection in cats and dogs is included. This is supplemented with clinical and therapeutic experience gained from this case and other, unpublished cases managed over the past 15 years by one of the authors (DGM).
Duodenal perforation caused by Rhizomucor species in a cat
Authors: Cunha Simone C S , Aguero Christiane , Damico Cristiane B , Corgozinho Katia B , Souza Heloisa J M , Pimenta Ana Luiza P , Marassi Carla D 
Published: February 2011

Clinical summary A 7-month-old female Persian cat presented with gastrointestinal (GI) necrosis and perforation caused by Rhizomucor species. Unfortunately, the cat died of bacterial peritonitis and sepsis before a definitive diagnosis, based on histopathology and fungal culture, was achieved. Practical relevance This appears to be the first reported case of GI disease caused by Rhizomucor species in a cat. Mucorales infections typically cause acute and rapidly progressive disease. As illustrated by this case, clinicians should be alert to the potentially fatal consequences of an opportunistic Rhizomucor species infection in their feline patients.
Effect of soya protein on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Dong Jia-Yi , Tong Xing , Wu Zhi-Wei , Xun Peng-Cheng , He Ka , Qin Li-Qiang 
Published: February 2011

Observational studies have indicated that soya food consumption is inversely associated with blood pressure (BP). Evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCT) on the BP-lowering effects of soya protein intake is inconclusive. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of soya protein intake in lowering BP. The PubMed database was searched for published RCT in the English language through to April 2010, which compared a soya protein diet with a control diet. We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis to examine the effects of soya protein on BP. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed to explore possible explanations for heterogeneity among trials. Meta-analyses of twenty-seven RCT showed a mean decrease of 2·21 mmHg (95 % CI − 4·10, − 0·33;P = 0·021) for systolic BP (SBP) and 1·44 mmHg (95 % CI − 2·56, − 0·31;P = 0·012) for diastolic BP (DBP), comparing the participants in the soya protein group with those in the control group. Soya protein consumption significantly reduced SBP and DBP in both hypertensive and normotensive subjects, and the reductions were markedly greater in hypertensive subjects. Significant and greater BP reductions were also observed in trials using carbohydrate, but not milk products, as the control diet. Meta-regression analyses further revealed a significantly inverse association between pre-treatment BP and the level of BP reductions. In conclusion, soya protein intake, compared with a control diet, significantly reduces both SBP and DBP, but the BP reductions are related to pre-treatment BP levels of subjects and the type of control diet used as comparison.
Goals and Personal Resources that Contribute to the Development and Agency Attachment of Older Adult Volunteers
Authors: Gillespie Alayna A. , Gottlieb Benjamin H. , Maitland Scott B. 
Published: February 2011

RÉSUMÉNous avons examiné la contribution bénévolat (N = 100) pour développer le rôle bénévolat et l’attachement aux agences des personnes âgées. Informé par un cadre intégrant la réglementation du développement et la théorie de la selectivité socio-affective, nous avons testé une double hypothèse pour la prémisse que le développement de plus grand rôle et l’attachement à l’agence serait vécue par (1) les personnes âgées qui avaient des objectifs multiples pour le bénévolat, et (2) les personnes âgées qui ont poursuivi ces objectifs en faisant une plus grande utilisation de leurs ressources sociales par rapport à leur physique et leurs ressources cognitives. Les deux hypothèses ont été corroborées. Les personnes âgées qui ont des motifs nombreux pour le bénévolat, et qui maximisent l’utilisation de leurs compétences et de leurs comportements sociales, sont plus fortement attachées à leur organisme d’acceuil et atteindre des niveaux plus élevés de développement du rôle bénévole. Les implications pour le domaine du volontariat sont discutées.
Prebisch and Myrdal: development economics in the core and on the periphery
Authors: Puntigliano Andrés Rivarola , Appelqvist Örjan 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe ideas on development issues of two ‘pioneers in development’, Raúl Prebisch and Gunnar Myrdal, are tracked in their formation and evolution. The central role of these two ‘defiant bureaucrats’ in the Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) and the Economic Commission for Latin America (CEPAL) are used to reflect on the interaction between intellectuals and international institutions in different historical contexts. Both men represented a liberal–universal strand in development thinking. Their divergent conclusions and assessments of the role of international institutions are compared, and are related to their different origins in core and periphery. It is argued that such roots influenced two different approaches to development problems within the UN system.
Towards global equilibrium: American foundations and Indian modernization, 1950s to 1970s
Authors: Unger Corinna R. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis article studies the activities of American philanthropic foundations in India between the 1950s and 1970s. It discusses why private institutions such as the Rockefeller Foundation and the Ford Foundation felt committed to responding to problems of hunger and population growth abroad and how they managed to establish themselves as leaders in the development aid arena. Instead of considering the foundations as handmaidens of US national strategic interests shaped by the Cold War, the article argues that they should be understood as highly flexible transnational agents who, in an ambitious combination of philanthropic motives, institutional interests, and trust in the power of science, diagnosed political problems and developed methods to overcome them in order to reduce global inequality.
Pulse of atmospheric oxygen during the late Cambrian
Authors: Saltzman Matthew R. , Young Seth A. , Kump Lee R. , Gill Benjamin C. , Lyons Timothy W. , Runnegar Bruce 
Published: February 2011

A rise in atmospheric O
2
has been linked to the Cambrian explosion of life. For the plankton and animal radiation that began some 40 million yr later and continued through much of the Ordovician (Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event), the search for an environmental trigger(s) has remained elusive. Here we present a carbon and sulfur isotope mass balance model for the latest Cambrian time interval spanning the globally recognized Steptoean Positive Carbon Isotope Excursion (SPICE) that indicates a major increase in atmospheric O
2
. We estimate that this organic carbon and pyrite burial event added approximately 19 × 10
18
moles of O
2
to the atmosphere (i.e., equal to change from an initial starting point for O
2
between 10–18% to a peak of 20–28% O
2
) beginning at approximately 500 million years. We further report on new paired carbon isotope results from carbonate and organic matter through the SPICE in North America, Australia, and China that reveal an approximately 2‰ increase in biological fractionation, also consistent with a major increase in atmospheric O
2
. The SPICE is followed by an increase in plankton diversity that may relate to changes in macro- and micronutrient abundances in increasingly oxic marine environments, representing a critical initial step in the trophic chain. Ecologically diverse plankton groups could provide new food sources for an animal biota expanding into progressively more ventilated marine habitats during the Ordovician, ultimately establishing complex ecosystems that are a hallmark of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event.
Responses of wind erosion to climate-induced vegetation changes on the Colorado Plateau
Authors: Munson Seth M. , Belnap Jayne , Okin Gregory S. 
Published: February 2011

Projected increases in aridity throughout the southwestern United States due to anthropogenic climate change will likely cause reductions in perennial vegetation cover, which leaves soil surfaces exposed to erosion. Accelerated rates of dust emission from wind erosion have large implications for ecosystems and human well-being, yet there is poor understanding of the sources and magnitude of dust emission in a hotter and drier climate. Here we use a two-stage approach to compare the susceptibility of grasslands and three different shrublands to wind erosion on the Colorado Plateau and demonstrate how climate can indirectly moderate the magnitude of aeolian sediment flux through different responses of dominant plants in these communities. First, using results from 20 y of vegetation monitoring, we found perennial grass cover in grasslands declined with increasing mean annual temperature in the previous year, whereas shrub cover in shrublands either showed no change or declined as temperature increased, depending on the species. Second, we used these vegetation monitoring results and measurements of soil stability as inputs into a field-validated wind erosion model and found that declines in perennial vegetation cover coupled with disturbance to biological soil crust resulted in an exponential increase in modeled aeolian sediment flux. Thus the effects of increased temperature on perennial plant cover and the correlation of declining plant cover with increased aeolian flux strongly suggest that sustained drought conditions across the southwest will accelerate the likelihood of dust production in the future on disturbed soil surfaces.
fconv: format conversion, manipulation and feature computation of molecular data
Authors: Neudert Gerd , Klebe Gerhard 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Summary: fconv is a program intended for parsing and manipulating multiple aspects and properties of molecular data. Up to now, it has been developed and extensively tested for 3 years. It has become a very robust and comprehensive tool involved in a broad range of computational workflows that are currently applied in our drug design environment. Typical tasks are as follows: conversion and error correction of formats such as PDB(QT), MOL2, SDF, DLG and CIF; extracting ligands from PDB as MOL2; automatic or ligand-based cavity detection; rmsd calculation and clustering; substructure searches; alignment and structural superposition; building of crystal packings; adding hydrogens; calculation of various properties like the number of rotatable bonds; molecular weights or vdW volumes. The atom type classification is based on a consistent assignment of internal atom types, which are by far more differentiated compared with e.g. Sybyl atom types. Apart from the predefined mapping of these types onto Sybyl types, the user is able to assign own mappings by providing modified template files, thus allowing for tailor-made atom type sets.
Availability: fconv is free software available under GNU General Public License. C++ sources and precompiled executables for LINUX/UNIX, Mac OS and Windows, as well as tutorials are available on http://www.agklebe.de.
Contact: klebe@staff.uni-marburg.de
A common layer of interoperability for biomedical ontologies based on OWL EL
Authors: Hoehndorf Robert , Dumontier Michel , Oellrich Anika , Wimalaratne Sarala , Rebholz-Schuhmann Dietrich , Schofield Paul , Gkoutos Georgios V. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Motivation: Ontologies are essential in biomedical research due to their ability to semantically integrate content from different scientific databases and resources. Their application improves capabilities for querying and mining biological knowledge. An increasing number of ontologies is being developed for this purpose, and considerable effort is invested into formally defining them in order to represent their semantics explicitly. However, current biomedical ontologies do not facilitate data integration and interoperability yet, since reasoning over these ontologies is very complex and cannot be performed efficiently or is even impossible. We propose the use of less expressive subsets of ontology representation languages to enable efficient reasoning and achieve the goal of genuine interoperability between ontologies.
Results: We present and evaluate EL Vira, a framework that transforms OWL ontologies into the OWL EL subset, thereby enabling the use of tractable reasoning. We illustrate which OWL constructs and inferences are kept and lost following the conversion and demonstrate the performance gain of reasoning indicated by the significant reduction of processing time. We applied EL Vira to the open biomedical ontologies and provide a repository of ontologies resulting from this conversion. EL Vira creates a common layer of ontological interoperability that, for the first time, enables the creation of software solutions that can employ biomedical ontologies to perform inferences and answer complex queries to support scientific analyses.
Availability and implementation: The EL Vira software is available from http://el-vira.googlecode.com and converted OBO ontologies and their mappings are available from http://bioonto.gen.cam.ac.uk/el-ont.
Contact: rh497@cam.ac.uk
B2G-FAR, a species-centered GO annotation repository
Authors: Götz Stefan , Arnold Roland , Sebastián-León Patricia , Martín-Rodríguez Samuel , Tischler Patrick , Jehl Marc-André , Dopazo Joaquín , Rattei Thomas , Conesa Ana 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMotivation: Functional genomics research has expanded enormously in the last decade thanks to the cost reduction in high-throughput technologies and the development of computational tools that generate, standardize and share information on gene and protein function such as the Gene Ontology (GO). Nevertheless, many biologists, especially working with non-model organisms, still suffer from non-existing or low-coverage functional annotation, or simply struggle retrieving, summarizing and querying these data.Results: The Blast2GO Functional Annotation Repository (B2G-FAR) is a bioinformatics resource envisaged to provide functional information for otherwise uncharacterized sequence data and offers data mining tools to analyze a larger repertoire of species than currently available. This new annotation resource has been created by applying the Blast2GO functional annotation engine in a strongly high-throughput manner to the entire space of public available sequences. The resulting repository contains GO term predictions for over 13.2 million non-redundant protein sequences based on BLAST search alignments from the SIMAP database. We generated GO annotation for approximately 150 000 different taxa making available 2000 species with the highest coverage through B2G-FAR. A second section within B2G-FAR holds functional annotations for 17 non-model organism Affymetrix GeneChips.Conclusions: B2G-FAR provides easy access to exhaustive functional annotation for 2000 species offering a good balance between quality and quantity, thereby supporting functional genomics research especially in the case of non-model organisms.Availability: The annotation resource is available at http://www.b2gfar.org.Contact: aconesa@cipf.es; sgoetz@cipf.esSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The Chloroplast Permease PIC1 Regulates Plant Growth and Development by Directing Homeostasis and Transport of Iron
Authors: Duy Daniela , Stübe Roland , Wanner Gerhard , Philippar Katrin 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
The membrane-spanning protein PIC1 (for permease in chloroplasts 1) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) was previously described to mediate iron transport across the inner envelope membrane of chloroplasts. The albino phenotype of pic1 knockout mutants was reminiscent of iron-deficiency symptoms and characterized by severely impaired plastid development and plant growth. In addition, plants lacking PIC1 showed a striking increase in chloroplast ferritin clusters, which function in protection from oxidative stress by sequestering highly reactive free iron in their spherical protein shell. In contrast, PIC1-overexpressing lines (PIC1ox) in this study rather resembled ferritin loss-of-function plants. PIC1ox plants suffered from oxidative stress and leaf chlorosis, most likely originating from iron overload in chloroplasts. Later during growth, plants were characterized by reduced biomass as well as severely defective flower and seed development. As a result of PIC1 protein increase in the inner envelope membrane of plastids, flower tissue showed elevated levels of iron, while the content of other transition metals (copper, zinc, manganese) remained unchanged. Seeds, however, specifically revealed iron deficiency, suggesting that PIC1 overexpression sequestered iron in flower plastids, thereby becoming unavailable for seed iron loading. In addition, expression of genes associated with metal transport and homeostasis as well as photosynthesis was deregulated in PIC1ox plants. Thus, PIC1 function in plastid iron transport is closely linked to ferritin and plastid iron homeostasis. In consequence, PIC1 is crucial for balancing plant iron metabolism in general, thereby regulating plant growth and in particular fruit development.
Network Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping of Circadian Clock Outputs Identifies Metabolic Pathway-to-Clock Linkages in Arabidopsis
Authors: Kerwin Rachel E. , Jimenez-Gomez Jose M. , Fulop Daniel , Harmer Stacey L. , Maloof Julin N. , Kliebenstein Daniel J. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Modern systems biology permits the study of complex networks, such as circadian clocks, and the use of complex methodologies, such as quantitative genetics. However, it is difficult to combine these approaches due to factorial expansion in experiments when networks are examined using complex methods. We developed a genomic quantitative genetic approach to overcome this problem, allowing us to examine the function(s) of the plant circadian clock in different populations derived from natural accessions. Using existing microarray data, we defined 24 circadian time phase groups (i.e., groups of genes with peak phases of expression at particular times of day). These groups were used to examine natural variation in circadian clock function using existing single time point microarray experiments from a recombinant inbred line population. We identified naturally variable loci that altered circadian clock outputs and linked these circadian quantitative trait loci to preexisting metabolomics quantitative trait loci, thereby identifying possible links between clock function and metabolism. Using single-gene isogenic lines, we found that circadian clock output was altered by natural variation in Arabidopsis thaliana secondary metabolism. Specifically, genetic manipulation of a secondary metabolic enzyme led to altered free-running rhythms. This represents a unique and valuable approach to the study of complex networks using quantitative genetics.