bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of duration of sexual cohabitation on the risk of hypertension in nulliparous parturients in Ibadan: A cohort study
Authors: OLAYEMI Oladapo , STROBINO Donna , AIMAKHU Christopher , ADEDAPO Kayode , KEHINDE Aderemi , ODUKOGBE Akin‐Tunde , SALAKO Babatunde 
Published: February 2010

Background:  Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are an important cause of maternal mortality in this environment, it accounts for about 20% of all maternal deaths in pregnancy in Nigeria.Aim:  This study aims to determine the effect of the length of sexual cohabitation on the development of hypertension in pregnancy in a Nigerian population.Materials and methods:  The study was a prospective cohort study; three centres were involved in the study between July 2006 and February 2009. For this study, the main outcome variable was the development of Hypertension in pregnancy. The main explanatory variable was the length of preconception sexual cohabitation. Univariate analysis was by t test, chi‐squared test and Fisher’s exact test for continuous and categorical variables. Multivariate analysis was by Cox hazard regressionResults:  In the study population, the incidence of gestational hypertension and pre‐eclampsia were 28.93% and 4.13% respectively, 29.64% had previous abortions and same paternity abortion rate was 25.92%. Length of sexual cohabitation before index pregnancy was protective against hypertension in pregnancy but not for pre‐eclampsia; there was a 4% decrease in the risk of developing hypertension for every month increase in cohabitation (hazard ratio, HR 0.96 (95% CI 0.93–0.99)). Also protective in this model was same paternity abortion with a HR of 0.71 (95% CI 0.55–0.93). A previous abortion was not protective (HR 1.05 (95% CI 0.82–1.35)).Conclusion:  It was concluded that increased length of sexual cohabitation prior to conception reduces the risk of gestational hypertension.
A review of maternal deaths at Goroka General Hospital, Papua New Guinea 2005–2008
Authors: SANGA Karen , De COSTA Caroline , MOLA Glen 
Published: February 2010

Background:  Papua New Guinea is a developing country with a population of six million, facing significant geographical, cultural and economic barriers to the provision of antenatal and intrapartum care. The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) is an internationally regarded index of the quality of a country’s maternity services; the most recently reported MMR for Papua New Guinea of 773 deaths per 100 000 births is one of the highest in the world.Aims:  To review information about women who died from pregnancy‐related causes, both direct and indirect, in the Goroka General Hospital (GGH) during the period 1st January 2005 to 31st May 2008.Methods:  A retrospective review was undertaken of the charts of women recorded as dying in the Obstetrics and Gynecology (O&G) ward of GGH in the study period.Results:  The charts of 21 women who died from pregnancy‐related causes were reviewed and information collated. Puerperal sepsis and sepsis complicating unsafe abortion were the most common causes of maternal death accounting for 48% deaths. Other causes included ectopic pregnancy and postpartum haemorrhage. Contributing factors included residence in a rural area, geographical and transport difficulties accessing care, non‐use of family planning services, non‐booking for antenatal care and late presentation in pregnancy or labour, and under‐resourcing of services at GGH. The socio‐economic status of most of the women was low, and where educational attainments were recorded these were also low. 71% of women identified themselves as practising Christians.Conclusions:  Better outreach services to provide health information and antenatal care, with specific counselling about the need for supervised delivery, are urgently required in the Eastern Highlands Province that GGH serves if numbers of maternal deaths are to be reduced. Working through churches in the region may be the most appropriate way to provide information and services to women because a majority of women adhere to Christianity and can be reached in this way.
Chronic Headache and Comorbibities: A Two‐Phase, Population‐Based, Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Da Silva Jr Ariovaldo , Costa Esther Coelho , Gomes João Bosco , Leite Frederico Motta , Gomez Rodrigo Santiago , Vasconcelos Luiz Paulo , Krymchantowski Abouch , Moreira Pedro , Teixeira Antonio Lucio 
Published: February 2010

Background.— Studies using resources of a public family health program to estimate the prevalence of chronic daily headaches (CDH) are lacking.Objectives.— To estimate the 1‐year prevalence of CDH, as well as the presence of associated psychiatric and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) comorbidities, on the entire population of a city representative of the rural area of Brazil.Methods.— This was a cross‐sectional, population‐based, 2‐phase study. In the first phase, health agents interviewed all individuals older than 10 years, in a rural area of Brazil. In the second stage, all individuals who reported headaches on 4 or more days per week were then evaluated by a multidisciplinary team. CDH were classified according to the second edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD‐2). Medication overuse headache was diagnosed, as per the ICHD‐2, after detoxification trials. Psychiatric comorbidities and TMD were diagnosed based on the DSM‐IV and on the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders criteria, respectively.Results.— A total of 1631 subjects participated in the direct interviews. Of them, 57 (3.6%) had CDH. Chronic migraine was the most common of the CDH (21, 36.8%). Chronic tension‐type headache (10, 17.5%), medication overuse headache (13, 22.8%) and probable medication overuse headache (10, 17.5%) were also common. Psychiatric disorders were observed in 38 (67.3%) of the CDH subjects. TMD were seen in 33 (58.1)% of them.Conclusions.— The prevalence of CDH in the rural area of Brazil is similar to what has been reported in previous studies. A significant proportion of them have psychiatric comorbidities and/or TMD. In this sample, comorbidities were as frequent as reported in convenience samples from tertiary headache centers.(Headache 2010;50:1306‐1312)
Etomidate accurately localizes the epileptic area in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Pastor Jesús , Wix Rybel , Meilán María Luisa , Martínez‐Chacón José Luís , De Dios Eva , Domínguez‐Gadea Luis , Herrera‐Peco Iván , Sola Rafael G. 
Published: February 2010

SummaryPurpose:  A variety of drugs have been used to activate and identify the epileptogenic area in patients during presurgical evaluation. We have evaluated the safety and usefulness of etomidate in identifying the epileptic zone by measuring bioelectrical brain activity and cerebral blood flow (CBF).Methods:  We studied 13 men and 9 women under presurgical evaluation for temporal lobe epilepsy. We applied etomidate (0.1 mg/kg) while patients were monitored by video‐electroencephalography (VEEG) with foramen ovale electrodes. In a subset of 15 patients, we also measured CBF with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).Results:  (1) Etomidate induced seizures in 2 of 22 patients. (2) The main side‐effects observed were myoclonus (14 of 20) and moderate pain (3 of 20). (3) No changes in capillary oxygen saturation, respiration, or heart rate were observed. (4) Irritative activity specifically increased in the temporal mesial and lateral areas. No spikes were observed in other areas, aside from those observed under baseline conditions. (5) Irritative activity induced by etomidate correctly lateralized the ictal onset zone in 19 of 20 patients. In addition, the two etomidate‐induced seizures appeared in the same regions as spontaneous ones. (6) The kinetics of pharmacologically induced activity was higher in the region of the ictal‐onset zone. (7) Etomidate increased the CBF in the basal ganglia and especially in the posterior hippocampus of the temporal mesial region contralateral to the ictal‐onset zone.Discussion:  Etomidate activation is a safe, specific, and quick test that can be used to identify the epileptic region in patients evaluated as candidates for temporal lobe epilepsy surgery.
Long‐term employment of adults with childhood‐onset epilepsy: A prospective population‐based study
Authors: Sillanpää Matti , Schmidt Dieter 
Published: February 2010

SummaryPurpose: Our aim was to determine the long‐term employment and predictive factors in adults with childhood‐onset epilepsy living in the community.Methods: A population‐based incidence cohort of 144 children prospectively followed since their first unprovoked seizure before the age of 16 years up to a mean age of 48.Results: At a mean age of 23 years (range 18–35 years) 85 (71%) of 119 patients living in the community were employed. Predictive of employment at a mean age of 23 were normal intelligence [odds ratio (OR) 14.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.5–46.8, p < 0.01], vocational education (OR 15.2, 95% CI 2.9–79.9, p < 0.01), and age at onset of epilepsy older than 6 years (OR 4.9, 95% CI 1.3–19.2, p = 0.02). At the mean age of 48 years (range 43–59 years), 45 (59%) of 76 patients living in the community were employed, as were 63 (78%) of 81 controls (patients vs. controls, p = 0.01). In 40 (53%) of 76 surviving patients employed between age 23 and 48, four factors were found to predict employment: normal intelligence (OR 15.8; 95% CI 2.4–102.4, p < 0.01), having offspring (OR 6.1; 1.5–25.0, p = 0.01), uninterrupted 5‐year terminal remission (5YTR) from age 23 to age 48 (OR 4.8; 1.1–19.9, p = 0.03), and no history of status epilepticus (OR 12.8; 1.8–90.9, p = 0.01).Conclusions: Normal intelligence, onset of epilepsy at age older than 6, and good vocational education appear to predict employment in early adulthood. Normal intelligence, having offspring, uninterrupted remission, and no history of status epilepticus appear to predict lasting employment into middle age.
Extrahippocampal gray matter loss and hippocampal deafferentation in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Bonilha Leonardo , Edwards Jonathan C. , Kinsman Stephen L. , Morgan Paul S. , Fridriksson Julius , Rorden Chris , Rumboldt Zoran , Roberts Donna R. , Eckert Mark A. , Halford Jonathan J. 
Published: February 2010

SummaryPurpose: Medial temporal epilepsy (MTLE) is associated with extrahippocampal brain atrophy. The mechanisms underlying brain damage in MTLE are unknown. Seizures may lead to neuronal damage, but another possible explanation is deafferentation from loss of hippocampal connections. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between hippocampal deafferentation and brain atrophy in MTLE.Methods: Three different MRI studies were performed involving 23 patients with unilateral MTLE (8 left and 15 right) and 34 healthy controls: (1) voxel‐based morphometry (VBM), (2) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and (3) probabilistic tractography (PT). VBM was employed to define differences in regional gray matter volume (GMV) between controls and patients. Voxel‐wise analyses of DTI evaluated differences in fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD) and hippocampal PT. Z‐scores were computed for regions‐of‐interest (ROI) GMV and peri‐hippocampal FA and MD (to quantify hippocampal fiber integrity). The relationship between hippocampal deafferentation and regional GMV was investigated through the association between ROI Z scores and hippocampal fiber integrity.Results: Patients with MTLE exhibited a significant reduction in GMV and FA in perihippocampal and limbic areas. There was a decrease in hippocampal PT in patients with MTLE in limbic areas. A significant relationship between loss of hippocampal connections and regional GMV atrophy was found involving the putamen, pallidum, middle and inferior temporal areas, amygdala and ceberellar hemisphere.Discussion: There is a relationship between hippocampal disconnection and regional brain atrophy in MTLE. These results indicate that hippocampal deafferentation plays a contributory role in extrahippocampal brain damage in MTLE.
The prevalence of seizures in comatose children in the pediatric intensive care unit: A prospective video‐EEG study
Authors: Shahwan Amre , Bailey Catherine , Shekerdemian Lara , Harvey A. Simon 
Published: February 2010

SummaryPurpose:  Studies in adult and neonatal intensive care units (ICUs) report a high prevalence of epileptic seizures in comatose patients. The prevalence of seizures in pediatric ICUs is variably reported in a few retrospective studies using different electroencephalography (EEG) methods. We aimed to determine prospectively the prevalence of epileptic seizures (clinical and subclinical) in comatose children in the pediatric ICU using continuous video‐EEG (v‐EEG) monitoring.Methods:  We performed v‐EEG in consecutive children aged 2 months to 17 years admitted to the pediatric ICU with sustained depressed consciousness over a period of 15 months.Results:  We monitored 100 comatose children, 69% within 24 h of ICU admission. Median length of ICU stay was 5 days. Median duration of v‐EEG was 20 h. Epileptic seizures were identified in only seven patients, of whom six had a history of epilepsy with witnessed seizures immediately prior to v‐EEG. All epileptic seizures were recorded in the first 3 h of v‐EEG. Seizures were suspected by ICU staff in 18 monitored patients, only four of whom had confirmed epileptic seizures.Discussion:  The lower prevalence of epileptic seizures and the shorter length of ICU stay in children compared to adults and neonates suggest a different spectrum of disease and neurologic response. Short‐duration v‐EEG in patients with a history of prior seizures, epilepsy, or clinical events suspected to be seizures seems more appropriate than routine v‐EEG in all comatose children in the pediatric ICU.
Effect of timing of dialysis on mortality in critically ill, septic patients with acute renal failure
Authors: CARL Daniel E. , GROSSMAN Catherine , BEHNKE Martha , SESSLER Curtis N. , GEHR Todd W. B. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAcute renal failure with concomitant sepsis in the intensive care unit is associated with significant mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine if the timing of initiation of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in septic patients had an effect on the 28‐day mortality. Retrospective data on medical intensive care unit patients with sepsis and acute renal failure requiring RRT were included. Renal replacement therapy started with a blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of <100 mg/dL was defined as “early” initiation, and initiation with a BUN ≥100 mg/dL was defined as “late.” Multivariate logistic regression analysis with the primary outcome of death at 14, 28, and 365 days following the initiation of RRT was performed. One hundred thirty patients were studied. The early dialysis (mean BUN 66 mg/dL) group had 85 patients; the late group (mean BUN 137 mg/dL) had 62 patients. The mean acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score was 24.5 in both groups. The overall 14, 28, and 365‐day survival rates were 58.1%, 41.9%, and 23.6%. Survival rates for the early group were 67%, 47.7%, and 30.7% at 14, 28, and 365 days. Survival rates for the late group were 46.7%, 31.7%, and 13.3% at 14, 28, and 365 days. Upon logistic regression analysis, initiating dialysis with a BUN >100 mg/dL predicted death at 14 days (odds ratio [OR] 3.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7–7.6, P=0.001), 28 days (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.2–5.7, P=0.01), and 365 days (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.2–10, P=0.02). Septic patients who started dialysis with a BUN <100 mg/dL had improved mortality rates up to 1 year after initiation of dialysis in this single‐center, retrospective analysis.
Quality of life and alternate nightly nocturnal home hemodialysis
Authors: VAN EPS Carolyn L. , JEFFRIES Janine K. , JOHNSON David W. , CAMPBELL Scott B. , ISBEL Nicole M. , MUDGE David W. , HAWLEY Carmel M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractHemodialysis has been associated with reduced quality of life (QOL). Small cohort studies of quotidian hemodialysis regimens suggest general QOL and dialysis‐related symptoms may improve compared with conventional regimens. An observational cohort study was conducted on 63 patients (age 51.7 ± 12.9 years; 79.4% male; 33.3% diabetes; duration of renal replacement therapy 1.9 [0.7–6.4] years) converted from conventional home hemodialysis (3–5 sessions weekly, 3–6 h/session) to home nocturnal home hemodialysis (NHD) (3–5 sessions weekly, 6–10 h/session). Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOL) and Assessment of Quality of Life instruments and 6‐minute–walk tests were applied at baseline and 6 months. Baseline and 6 month surveys were returned by 70% of patients. On KDQOL, significant improvements in general health (P=0.02) and overall health ratings (P=0.0008), physical function (P=0.003), physical role (P=0.018), and energy and fatigue (P=0.027) were documented. There was a trend toward improvement in burden of kidney disease (P=0.05) and emotional role (P=0.066). There was a significant improvement in distance covered in the 6‐minute–walk test from 513 m (420.5–576.4) to 536.5 m (459–609), P=0.007. On Assessment of Quality of Life, there was a trend toward improvement in overall utility score from 0.65 (0.39–0.81) to 0.73 (0.46–0.86), P=0.096. After 86.2 patient‐years of observation, 23 patients have discontinued NHD (12 transplanted, 5 deceased, 4 psychosocial problems, 1 dialysis access problem, 1 medically unsuitable). Nocturnal home hemodialysis is a sustainable therapy. In addition to improving general QOL, alternate nightly NHD can significantly improve physical functioning as measured by KDQOL and 6‐minute–walk tests.
Pulse contour‐derived cardiac output in hemodialysis patients
Authors: CORDTZ Joakim , LADEFOGED Soeren D. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractReliable methods for cardiac output determination are essential for studying the pathophysiology of intradialytic hypotension. Use of the current gold standard, the Transonic® monitor, requires an arteriovenous fistula. We wished to verify the accuracy of a method based on finger pulse contour analysis, namely the Finometer® monitor (FNM) for further use on patients dialyzing on a central vascular catheter. Fifty simultaneous cardiac output measurements were obtained during hemodialysis sessions in 25 patients. The internal variability of the FNM measurements was assessed by comparing 24 pairs of immediately successive measurements. The variability of successive FNM measurements was small (bias 0.28%, SD ± 6.1%; NS). The absolute cardiac output values reported by the FNM were unreliable (bias 20.1%, SD ± 35.3%; P<0.001) as were the relative intradialytic changes (r2=0.01). Excluding participants from the analysis due to old age, high dialysis vintage or a suspicion of atherosclerosis did not improve the results. Our findings do not support the use of pulse contour analysis for measuring cardiac output in hemodialysis patients. Uremic vascular disease may be the cause of the observed inaccuracy.
Building Kinship and Community: Relational Processes of Bicultural Identity Among Adult Multiracial Adoptees
Authors: SAMUELS GINA MIRANDA 
Published: February 2010

To read this article's abstract in both Spanish and Mandarin Chinese, please visit the article's full‐text page on Wiley InterScience (http://interscience.wiley.com/journal/famp).This study uses the case of transracially adopted multiracial adults to highlight an alternative family context and thus process of African American enculturation. Interpretive analyses of interviews with 25 adult multiracial adoptees produced 4 patterns in their bicultural identity formation: (1) claiming whiteness culturally but not racially, (2) learning to “be Black”—peers as agents of enculturation, (3) biological pathways to authentic Black kinship, and (4) bicultural kinship beyond Black and White. Conceptualizing race as an ascribed extended kinship network and using notions of “groundedness” from bicultural identity literature, the relational aspects of participants' identity development are highlighted. Culturally relevant concepts of bicultural identity are proposed for practice with multiracial adoptees who have multiple cultures of origin and for whom White mainstream culture is transmitted intrafamilially as a first culture.
Language Encodes Geographical Information
Authors: Louwerse Max M. , Zwaan Rolf A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPopulation counts and longitude and latitude coordinates were estimated for the 50 largest cities in the United States by computational linguistic techniques and by human participants. The mathematical technique Latent Semantic Analysis applied to newspaper texts produced similarity ratings between the 50 cities that allowed for a multidimensional scaling (MDS) of these cities. MDS coordinates correlated with the actual longitude and latitude of these cities, showing that cities that are located together share similar semantic contexts. This finding was replicated using a first‐order co‐occurrence algorithm. The computational estimates of geographical location as well as population were akin to human estimates. These findings show that language encodes geographical information that language users in turn may use in their understanding of language and the world.
Lexically Restricted Utterances in Russian, German, and English Child‐Directed Speech
Authors: Stoll Sabine , Abbot‐Smith Kirsten , Lieven Elena 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis study investigates the child‐directed speech (CDS) of four Russian‐, six German, and six English‐speaking mothers to their 2‐year‐old children. Typologically Russian has considerably less restricted word order than either German or English, with German showing more word‐order variants than English. This could lead to the prediction that the lexical restrictiveness previously found in the initial strings of English CDS by Cameron‐Faulkner, Lieven, and Tomasello (2003) would not be found in Russian or German CDS. However, despite differences between the three corpora that clearly derive from typological differences between the languages, the most significant finding of this study is a high degree of lexical restrictiveness at the beginnings of CDS utterances in all three languages.
Exploration and Exploitation During Sequential Search
Authors: Dam Gregory , Körding Konrad 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWhen we learn how to throw darts we adjust how we throw based on where the darts stick. Much of skill learning is computationally similar in that we learn using feedback obtained after the completion of individual actions. We can formalize such tasks as a search problem; among the set of all possible actions, find the action that leads to the highest reward. In such cases our actions have two objectives: we want to best utilize what we already know (exploitation), but we also want to learn to be more successful in the future (exploration). Here we tested how participants learn movement trajectories where feedback is provided as a monetary reward that depends on the chosen trajectory. We mathematically derived the optimal search policy for our experiment using decision theory. The search behavior of participants is well predicted by an ideal searcher model that optimally combines exploration and exploitation.