bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Psychometric Testing of the Attitudes Toward Mental Illness in Pediatric Patients Scale
Authors: Villanueva Christina Streich , Scott Shari Hughes , Guzzetta Cathie E. , Foster Barbara 
Published: November 2009

PROBLEM:  To develop the Attitudes toward Mental Illness in Pediatric Patients (ATMIPP) Scale measuring nonpsychiatric provider attitudes toward pediatric patients with mental illness.METHODS:  Responses from 492 nonpsychiatric and 30 psychiatric providers were evaluated for reliability and validity. Cronbach's alpha was used for reliability while factor analysis and known‐groups technique were used for validity.FINDINGS:  The scale's internal consistency was 0.85. Factor analysis revealed three factors (Comfort, Tolerance, and Unbiasness) accounting for 74.5% of the variance. Compared to nonpsychiatric providers, psychiatric providers had significantly more positive attitudes on the ATMIPP (p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS:  The ATMIPP has evidence of reliability and validity for the sampled population.
Parenting Style and the Vulnerable Child Syndrome
Authors: Duncan Andrea Freeman , Caughy Margaret O'Brien 
Published: November 2009

TOPIC:  Vulnerable child syndrome (VCS) refers to the combination of the parental view that their child is at increased risk for death despite the child's objective health and the resulting behavior problems in the child. Although risk factors for the development of the syndrome have been outlined, the variability in the development of VCS has not been explained.PURPOSE:  A theoretical explanation for the variability in the development of VCS utilizing Susan Calkins' model is explored. By considering the development of VCS in light of Calkins' model, variability may be explained and preventative interventions may be instituted.SOURCES USED:  Relevant literature pertaining to child development and VCS was reviewed.CONCLUSIONS:  By recognizing the risk of the role that parenting sensitivity plays in the development of VCS, team‐based interventions involving a developmental approach may be employed, and the long‐term behavioral sequelae of the disorder may be prevented or alleviated.
Correlation between Bioluminescence and Bacterial Burden in Passively Protected Mice Challenged with a Recombinant Bioluminescent M49 Group A Streptococcus Strain
Authors: Sheel Meru , Pandey Manisha , Good Michael F. , Batzloff Michael R. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTStreptococcus pyogenes, also known as group A streptococcus (GAS), is a human pathogen which infects people of all age groups. Previous work has reported that conformationally constrained chimeric peptide J8 protects against GAS challenge. In the current study, we demonstrate the utility of bioluminescent imaging as a rapid technique for monitoring bacterial dissemination following the passive transfer of rabbit anti-J8 antibodies to naïve mice and subsequent challenge with recombinant GAS strain M49, anemmtype shown to be associated with poststreptococcal glomerular nephritis.
Immunological Factors Relating to the Antitumor Effect of Temozolomide Chemoimmunotherapy in a Murine Glioma Model
Authors: Kim Tai-Gyu , Kim Chang-Hyun , Park Jung-Sun , Park Sung-Dong , Kim Chung Kwon , Chung Dong-Sup , Hong Yong-Kil 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTIn this study, we investigated the potential of combined treatment with temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy and tumor antigen-pulsed dendritic cells (DCs) and the underlying immunological factors of TMZ chemoimmunotherapy with an intracranial GL26 glioma animal model. The combined treatment enhanced the tumor-specific immune responses and prolonged the survival more effectively than either single therapy in GL26 tumor-bearing animals. Apoptosis was induced in the tumors of the animals by the treatment with TMZ. Calreticulin (CRT) surface exposure was detected by immunofluorescence staining of TMZ-treated GL26 cells. TMZ chemotherapy increased tumor antigen cross-priming from tumor cells, leading to cross-priming of tumor antigen-specific CD4+T cells and CD8+T cells. This chemotherapy appeared to suppress the frequency of CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells (Treg). Moreover, this combined therapy resulted in an increase in the tumor infiltration of CD4+and CD8+T cells. Collectively, the findings of this study provide evidence that the combination of TMZ chemotherapy and treatment with DC-based vaccines leads to the enhancement of antitumor immunity through increased tumor-specific immune responses via the cross-priming of apoptotic tumor cell death mediated by CRT exposure and, in part, the suppression of Treg. Therefore, CRT exposure, regulatory T cells, and cross-priming by TMZ chemotherapy may be immunological factors related to the enhancement of the antitumor effects of chemoimmunotherapy in an experimental brain tumor model.
Invasive Infection Caused by a Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
Strain Not Carrying Panton-Valentine Leukocidin in South Korea
Authors: Lee Seung Soon , Kim Yu Jin , Chung Doo Ryeon , Jung Ki-Suck , Kim Jae-Seok 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACT

Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-negative, SCC
mec
type IVa strains are the most common strains of methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) circulating in the community in South Korea. This report describes five elderly patients presenting in 2006 to 2007 with invasive community-associated MRSA infection caused by a PVL-negative, SCC
mec
type IVa strain with sequence type 72 and
spa
type t324.
Rapid Method for Identification of Six Common Species of Mycobacteria Based on Multiplex SNP Analysis
Authors: Wang Hongxiu , Yue Jun , Han Min , Yang Jinghui , Zhao Yanlin 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACT

A multiplex method using the SNaPshot technique was developed to screen for six common mycobacterial species:
Mycobacteria tuberculosis
,
M. avium
,
M. intracellulare
,
M. chelonae
,
M. kansasii
, and
M. gordonae
. A total of 468 mycobacterial clinical isolates were subjected to analysis for the presence of the six mycobacterial species by the multiplex SNaPshot method. Of the 468 mycobacterial isolates, 464 (99.15%) could be correctly identified by this assay. The multiplex SNaPshot technique is a promising discriminatory tool for rapid and accurate identification of frequently encountered clinical mycobacterial species.
Tumor Immunity against a Simian Virus 40 Oncoprotein Requires CD8+T Lymphocytes in the Effector Immune Phase
Authors: Lowe Devin B. , Shearer Michael H. , Jumper Cynthia A. , Bright Robert K. , Kennedy Ronald C. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTThe required activities of CD4+T cells and antibody against the virally encoded oncoprotein simian virus 40 (SV40) Tag have previously been demonstrated by our laboratory to be mediators in achieving antitumor responses and tumor protection through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). In this study, we further characterize the necessary immune cell components that lead to systemic tumor immunity within an experimental pulmonary metastatic model as the result of SV40 Tag immunization and antibody production. Immunized animals depleted of CD8+T cells at the onset of experimental tumor cell challenge developed lung tumor foci and had an overall decreased survival due to lung tumor burden, suggesting a role for CD8+T cells in the effector phase of the immune response. Lymphocytes and splenocytes harvested from SV40 Tag-immunized mice experimentally inoculated with tumor cells synthesized increasedin vitrolevels of the Th1 cytokine gamma interferon (IFN-γ), as assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and flow cytometry assays. CD8+T-cell activity was also heightened in SV40 Tag-immunized and tumor cell-challenged mice, based upon intracellular production of perforin, confirming the cytolytic properties of CD8+T cells against tumor cell challenge. Altogether, these data point to the role of recombinant SV40 Tag protein immunization in initiating a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response during tumor cell dissemination and growth. The downstream activity of CD8+T cells within this model is likely initiated from SV40 Tag-specific antibody mediating ADCC tumor cell destruction.
Localization of Mammalian Orthoreovirus Proteins to Cytoplasmic Factory-Like Structures via Nonoverlapping Regions of μNS
Authors: Miller Cathy L. , Arnold Michelle M. , Broering Teresa J. , Hastings Craig E. , Nibert Max L. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTVirally induced structures called viral factories form throughout the cytoplasm of cells infected with mammalian orthoreoviruses (MRV). When expressed alone in cells, MRV nonstructural protein μNS forms factory-like structures very similar in appearance to viral factories, suggesting that it is involved in forming the structural matrix of these structures. μNS also associates with MRV core particles; the core proteins μ2, λ1, λ2, λ3, and σ2; and the RNA-binding nonstructural protein σNS. These multiple associations result in the recruitment or retention of these viral proteins or particles at factory-like structures. In this study, we identified the regions of μNS necessary and sufficient for these associations and additionally examined the localization of viral RNA synthesis in infected cells. We found that short regions within the amino-terminal 220 residues of μNS are necessary for associations with core particles and necessary and sufficient for associations with the proteins μ2, λ1, λ2, σ2, and σNS. We also found that only the λ3 protein associates with the carboxyl-terminal one-third of μNS and that viral RNA is synthesized within viral factories. These results suggest that μNS may act as a cytoplasmic scaffolding protein involved in localizing and coordinating viral replication or assembly intermediates for the efficient production of progeny core particles during MRV infection.
Adeno-Associated Virus Small Rep Proteins Are Modified with at Least Two Types of Polyubiquitination
Authors: Farris K. David , Fasina Olufemi , Sukhu Loretta , Li Long , Pintel David J. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACT

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) type 2 and 5 proteins Rep52 and Rep40 were polyubiquitinated during AAV-adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) coinfection and during transient transfection in either the presence or absence of Ad5 E4orf6 and E1b-55k. Polyubiquitination of small Rep proteins
via
lysine 48 (K48) linkages, normally associated with targeting of proteins for proteasomal degradation, was detected only in the presence of E4orf6. The small Rep proteins were ubiquitinated
via
lysine 63 (K63) following transfection in either the presence or absence of E4orf6 or following coinfection with Ad5. E4orf6/E1b-55k-dependent K48-specific polyubiquitination of small Rep proteins could be inhibited using small interfering RNA (siRNA) to cullin 5.
Adeno-Associated Virus Type 5 Utilizes Alternative Translation Initiation To Encode a Small Rep40-Like Protein
Authors: Farris K. David , Pintel David J. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACT
Alternative splicing of adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) P19-generated pre-mRNAs generates the small Rep proteins Rep52 and Rep40, which differ in their carboxyl termini. Both proteins are required for optimal packaging of AAV2 genomes. AAV5 Rep-encoding P19-generated transcripts are primarily polyadenylated within the central intron and not efficiently spliced; however, surprisingly, AAV5 was found to generate high levels of a Rep40-like protein. The AAV5 Rep40-like protein was generated by internal initiation and has the same C terminus as Rep52. Although precluded from using alternative splicing to generate multiple Rep isoforms, AAV5 ensures the production of a Rep40-like protein by utilizing a novel internal translation initiation event.
Parkinson disease and impulse control disorders: a review of clinical features, pathophysiology and management
Authors: Wu K , Politis M , Piccini P 
Published: November 2009

AbstractImpulse control disorders (ICDs) are a heterogeneous group of conditions involving repetitive, excessive and compulsive activities that interfere with life functioning. Examples are pathological gambling, compulsive shopping and hypersexuality. Over the last decade, ICDs have become increasingly recognised as being associated with Parkinson disease (PD), with the literature highlighting a link between dopamine replacement therapy and the development of ICDs. Patients who develop ICDs in the context of compulsive anti-Parkinsonian drug use are described as having dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS), which is associated with repetitive complex stereotyped behaviours called punding. Case–control and observational studies have further noted that patients with PD who develop ICDs are more likely to have younger-onset PD, a history of alcohol dependence, novelty-seeking personality traits and psychiatric comorbidities. The pathophysiology of underlying mechanisms is not fully understood, but recent evidence suggests that dopaminergic drugs, particularly dopamine agonists, coupled with changes in reward pathways involving the ventral striatal and related circuitry, may play a role. Neuroimaging studies using positron emission tomography and functional MRI have provided valuable information in this area: patients with DDS have been found to show enhanced dopamine release in the ventral striatum, suggesting functional abnormalities in the mesolimbic networks. Management of ICDs in patients with PD can be challenging, as they may not be aware of a change in their behaviour or may conceal their symptoms to avoid embarrassment. Currently, there is no clear evidence of an optimal treatment. Management is based on a careful balance of dopaminergic drugs with control of the aberrant behaviour, supported by psychological interventions. This review aims to summarise the current literature on ICDs, their phenomenology, epidemiology, clinical features, pathophysiology and management.
Cbl-associated protein is tyrosine phosphorylated by c-Abl and c-Src kinases
Authors: Fernow Inga , Tomasovic Ana , Siehoff-Icking Ann , Tikkanen Ritva 
Published: November 2009

Abstract

Background
The c-Cbl-associated protein (CAP), also known as ponsin, localizes to focal adhesions and stress fibers and is involved in signaling events. Phosphorylation has been described for the other two members of the sorbin homology family, vinexin and ArgBP2, but no data exist about the putative phosphorylation of CAP. According to previous findings, CAP binds to tyrosine kinase c-Abl. However, it is not known if CAP is a substrate of c-Abl or other tyrosine kinases or if phosphorylation regulates its localization.

Results
We here show that CAP is Tyr phosphorylated by and interacts with both c-Abl and c-Src. One major phosphorylation site, Tyr360, and two minor contributors Tyr326 and Tyr632 were identified as Abl phosphorylation sites, whereas Src preferentially phosphorylates Tyr326 and Tyr360. Phosphorylation of CAP was not necessary for its localization to focal adhesions and stress fibers, but Tyr326Phe substitution alters the function of CAP during cell spreading.

Conclusion
This is the first demonstration of phosphorylation of CAP by any kinase. Our findings suggest that coordinated action of Src and Abl might regulate the function of CAP and reveal a functional role especially for the Src-mediated Tyr phosphorylation of CAP in cell spreading.
Impact of a diagnosis of psychosis: user-led qualitative study
Authors: Pitt Liz , Kilbride Martina , Welford Mary , Nothard Sarah , Morrison Anthony P. 
Published: November 2009

Aims and MethodTo explore the impact of diagnosis on people who experience psychosis. Eight participants were interviewed about the impact that diagnosis had on them.ResultsThe research found that the impact of diagnosis can involve both positive and negative elements. It can be a ‘means of access’ as well as a ‘cause of disempowerment’. It can help by ‘naming the problem’ and hinder by ‘labelling the person’. It is a ‘cause of social exclusion’ for all, but despite this service users can be successful in ‘achieving social inclusion’.Clinical ImplicationsThe findings have implications for how diagnosis is imparted by psychiatrists if they are to help to facilitate recovery and social inclusion.
Carers' clinics: support group for carers of heroin addicts
Authors: George Sanju , Boulay Sylvie , Jones Helen , Bartlett Colin , Farley Tim , Clarke Chris 
Published: November 2009

SummaryHeroin addiction, being a chronic condition, can have a devastating impact on carers of addicts. However, the information and support needs of carers often go unrecognised and unaddressed. ‘Carers' clinics’ are one such information-sharing and support group for carers of heroin addicts. This simple yet innovative service provision has been enthusiastically recieved by carers and has been running effectively since April 2007. We believe this scheme can be replicated across other services.
Determination of Rheology of Self-Consolidating Concrete Using the 4C-Rheometer and How to Make Use of the Results
Authors: Thrane Lars N. , Pade Claus , Nielsen Claus V. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
One of the major obstacles to a more wide spread use of self-consolidating concrete is to obtain further understanding of the importance of rheology on the final concrete quality. Existing test methods does not support the concept of two independent rheological properties in a very comprehensive manner. For this purpose, the so-called 4C-RheometerDanish Technological Institute, Taastrup, Denmark. has been developed in Denmark, combining the traditional slump flow test with digital video analysis to obtain the slump flow versus time curve from which the yield stress and plastic viscosity are determined. Based on numerous on-site tests in Denmark performed with the 4C-Rheometer, ranges of preferred rheological parameters have been identified for different types of castings. This paper presents the concept of testing and the correlation of obtained rheological parameters to the BML viscometer and discusses the selection of rheological properties for some typical horizontal and vertical castings.
Sharps Injuries and Other Blood and Body Fluid Exposures Among Home Health Care Nurses and Aides
Authors: Quinn Margaret M. , Markkanen Pia K. , Galligan Catherine J. , Kriebel David , Chalupka Stephanie M. , Kim Hyun , Gore Rebecca J. , Sama Susan R. , Laramie Angela K. , Davis Letitia 
Published: November 2009

Objectives. We quantified risks of sharp medical device (sharps) injuries and other blood and body fluid exposures among home health care nurses and aides, identified risk factors, assessed the use of sharps with safety features, and evaluated underreporting in workplace-based surveillance. Methods. We conducted a questionnaire survey and workplace-based surveillance, collaborating with 9 home health care agencies and 2 labor unions from 2006 to 2007. Results. Approximately 35% of nurses and 6.4% of aides had experienced at least 1 sharps injury during their home health care career; corresponding figures for other blood and body fluid exposures were 15.1% and 6.7%, respectively. Annual sharps injuries incidence rates were 5.1 per 100 full-time equivalent (FTE) nurses and 1.0 per 100 FTE aides. Medical procedures contributing to sharps injuries were injecting medications, administering fingersticks and heelsticks, and drawing blood. Other contributing factors were sharps disposal, contact with waste, and patient handling. Sharps with safety features frequently were not used. Underreporting of sharps injuries to the workplace-based surveillance system was estimated to be about 50%. Conclusions. Sharps injuries and other blood and body fluid exposures are serious hazards for home health care nurses and aides. Improvements in hazard intervention are needed.
Collagen-bound LDL modifies endothelial cell adhesion to type V collagen: Implications for atherosclerosis
Authors: Lorkowski Stefan , Rauterberg Jürgen , Harrach-Ruprecht Bärbel , Troyer David 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Low density lipoprotein (LDL) is retained in the extracellular matrix of the arterial wall where it is considered to be atherogenic, but little is known about how cell adhesion to the matrix is affected by collagen-bound LDL. We tested the effect of native, oxidized and acetylated LDL reacted with adsorbed monomeric type I, III and V collagen on endothelial cell adhesion to collagen using a colorimetric adhesion assay. We found that none of the LDL species affected adhesion to type I and III collagen, but that collagen-bound native and acetylated LDL enhanced attachment to type V collagen, whereas bound oxidized LDL inhibited adhesion to this collagen. We therefore suggest that oxidized LDL associated with type V collagen in the arterial wall would favor de-endothelialization and contribute to atherogenesis and thrombosis.
Polymorphism in exon 7 of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene is associated with low incidence of microvascular damage in type 1 diabetic neuropathy
Authors: Heltianu Constantina , Manea Simona-Adriana , Guja Cristian , Robciuc Alexandra , Ionescu-Tirgoviste Constantin 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Microvascular complications associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are caused in part by endothelial dysfunction. We aimed to determine the association between polymorphisms in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene (894G>T, 4ab) and T1DM-associated microvascular disorders, and the roles of nitrite/nitrate products (NOx) and low molecular weight-AGEs (LMW-AGEs) levels in this relationship. We carried out a case-control study (328 subjects) and determined genotypes by PCR. The rare-type TT of eNOS 894G>T was significantly overrepresented in patients without microvascular disorders as compared with control (OR=3.64; 95% C.I.=1.02–12.73; P=0.039). The prevalence of neuropathy was high among 894GG homozygotes (OR=0.5; 95% C.I.=0.29–0.86; P=0.012) who had high levels of triglycerides, elevated systolic BP, increased NOx, and LMW-AGEs. Decreased NOx levels were associated with 894TT genotype (beta=−0.65; P=0.043) in diabetic patients prone to microvascular complications. Multiple regression analysis indicated a negative correlation between eNOS 894G>T and diabetic neuropathy (P=0.025). The distribution of eNOS 4aa genotype was high (P=0.042) in patients with T1DM; however, it does not represent a risk factor for neuropathy. The overrepresentation of eNOS 894TT genotype in diabetic patients is associated with low risk for neuropathy. Decreased NOx and LMW-AGEs levels and lower lipid profile are the main features of patients carrying the eNOS 894T allele. These data suggest that the eNOS 894TT genotype may play a protective role by preventing microvascular disorders.
Animal model of Alzheimer’s disease: characteristics of EEG and memory
Authors: Mugantseva Ekaterina , Podolski Igor 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
We studied the effects of aggregated amyloid β-peptide Aβ25–35 on spatial memory and the spectral-correlational characteristics of EEG of both the dorsal hippocampus and the frontal cortex both in adult and aged rats at the early stage of Aβ25–35 action. Spatial memory was characterized using a novel cognitive test. A decrease in low-frequency theta band oscillations in the dorsal hippocampus and the frontal cortex was observed. The mean coefficient of EEG cross-correlation between these structures was significantly reduced at the early stage of Aβ25–35 action both in adult and aged rats. In addition, we found that one month after Aβ25–35 injection spatial memory was impaired. These results suggest that the decrease in low-frequency theta band oscillations and the weakening of binding between the dorsal hippocampus and the frontal cortex under the action of Aβ25–35 may be an underlying cause of the typical memory breakdown associated with the Alzheimer’s disease.