bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theophanes Continuatus VI and De Cerimoniis
Authors: Featherstone Jeffrey Michael 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Though parts of the text traditionally called Theophanes Continuatus go back to the time of Constantine VII, it is in fact a compilation of various texts put together by a later redactor in the reign of Nicephorus Phokas. Likewise, the original parts of text known as the De Cerimoniis were produced in the reign of Constantine, but the text has come down to us in a later redaction, apparently also from the time of Phokas. In the case of the De Cerimoniis, the final redactor has been identified as Basil the parakoimomenos, the bastard son of Romanus I Lecapenus. Similar interests and coincidences of composition in the two texts, particularly in Book VI of Theophanes Continuatus and chapter I, 96 of the De Cerimoniis, suggest that the compiling of Theophanes Continuatus was also the work of Basil.
The TermKandaulos/Kandylosin theLexiconof Photius and theCommentarii ad Homeri Iliademof Eustathius of Thessalonica
Authors: Kokoszko Maciej , Gibel-Buszewska Katarzyna 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe present article analyzes Photius'Lexiconand Eustathius of Thessalonica'sCommentarii ad Homeri Iliademin order to trace the history and reconstruct the recipe of a dish called kandaulos/kandylos. It was a Greek delicacy, which appears to have been developed in Lydia before the middle of the VI th c. B.C. It is known to have been named after king Candaules, who ruled the Lydian territory in the VII th c. B.C. The dish was (via the Ionians) borrowed by the Helens and established itself in Greece sometime in the V th c. B.C. It became popular in the Hellenistic periodThe testimony provided by Photius and Eustathius of Thessalonica contributes to our better knowledge of two varieties ofkandaulos/kandylos. The first was savoury and consisted of cooked meat, stock, Phrygian cheese, breadcrumbs and dill (or fennel). The other included milk, animal fat, cheese and honey. The dish is reported to have been costly, prestigious and indicated the social status of those who would eat it.Though there is much evidence suggesting its popularity in antiquity, we lack any solid proof thatkandaulos/kandyloswas eaten in Byzantine times. On the other hand, Byzantine authors preserved the most detailed literary data on the delicacy.
A Rhetorical Declamation of Sophonias the Monk and Paraphrast
Authors: Searby Denis M. , Sjörs Ambjörn 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Codex Marcianus Graecus 266 contains a declamation in the character of Paul speaking before the Athenian Areopagus that is attributed to the learned monk Sophonias. This previously unpublished text is valuable both as an example of late Byzantine rhetoric and as additional testimony to the Sophonias known through historical sources to have acted as a representative of Emperor Andronikos II Palaeologos and to whom a paraphrase of Aristotelian works is attributed. The text is introduced, edited and translated for the first time.
Ein Griechischer Doppelvers Sulṭān Walads Neu Gelesen
Authors: Theodoridis Dimitri 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The Greek poetry of Sulṭān Walad poses two main problems for Greek philology: the fact that the texts were written and passed on in Arabic writing, and that they were composed in the perished colloquial Greek of the city Ikonion/ Konya (13th / 14th centuries). A final edition of these poems therefore requires a stepwose approach regarding reading and interpretation of these trxts.
The article attempts to reconstruct a double verse by Sulṭān Walad and to interpret it with the help of ist Islamic background.
Identification of somatostatin receptor type 5 gene polymorphisms associated with acromegaly
Authors: Ciganoka Darja , Balcere Inga , Kapa Ivo , Peculis Raitis , Valtere Andra , Nikitina-Zake Liene , Lase Ieva , Schiöth Helgi B , Pirags Valdis , Klovins Janis 
Published: August 2011

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to characterize the genetic variance of somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) and investigate the possible correlation of such variants with acromegaly risk and different disease characteristics.Design and methodsThe SSTR5 gene coding region and 2000 bp upstream region was sequenced in 48 patients with acromegaly and 96 control subjects. Further, three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed in the same group of acromegaly patients and in an additional group of 475 age- and sex-matched controls.ResultsIn total, 19 SNPs were identified in the SSTR5 gene locus by direct sequencing. Three SNPs (rs34037914, rs169068, and rs642249) were significantly associated with the presence of acromegaly using the initial controls. The allele frequencies were significantly (P<0.01) different between the acromegaly patients and the additional large control group. rs34037914 and rs642249 remained significantly associated with acromegaly after Bonferroni correction and permutation tests (odds ratio (OR)=3.38; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.78–6.42; P=0.00016 and OR=2.41; 95% CI, 1.41–4.13; P=0.0014 respectively). Haplotype reconstruction revealed two possible risk haplotypes determined by rs34037914 (633T) and rs642249 (1044A) alleles. Both haplotypes were found in significantly higher frequency in acromegaly patients compared with controls (P<0.001). In addition, the 663T allele was significantly associated with a younger age of acromegaly diagnosis (unstandardized regression coefficient β=−10.4; P=0.002), increased body mass index (β=4.1; P=0.004), higher number of adenoma resection (P<0.001) and lack of observable tumor shrinkage after somatostatin analog treatment (P=0.014).ConclusionsOur results demonstrate a previously undetected strong association of two SSTR5 SNPs with acromegaly. The data also suggest a possible involvement of SSTR5 variants in decreased suppression of GH production and increased tumor proliferation.
New Details on the Clefted Uvular Muscle: Analyzing Its Role at Histological Scale by Model-Based Deformation Analyses
Authors: Landes Constantin A. , Weichert Frank , Steinbauer Thomas , Schröder Andreas , Walczak Lars , Fritsch Helga , Wagner Mathias 
Published: August 2011

Objective As an initial step to a complex reconstruction model for virtual surgery, the present study was carried out to provide data on the prenatal cleft lip and palate uvular muscle in eight specimens. Method Serial sections of viscerocrania of 18 aborted embryos and fetuses were studied microscopically and segmented manually. Registration, three-dimensional reconstruction, and finite element analyses were conducted. Results Incompletely clefted uvulae showed anterior fusion and dorsal fission of the bilateral uvular muscle bodies. A complete cleft lip and palate specimen evidenced single bilateral uvular muscle bodies lying medially and orally below the cleft shelf, its central longitudinal fibers running beneath the oral-median mucosa. In incompletely clefted uvulae, 10% to 50% of circular peripheral fibers crossed the midline within the central third of the anterioposterior muscle, behind the levator loop. Of the fibers, 30% to 60% crossed to the ipsilateral palatopharyngeus muscle. Fibers inserted into the uvular basal membrane in a 60% nasal and 40% oral distribution at the middle third of the macroscopically clefted uvula. The macroscopic uvula itself consisted of loose connective tissue and salivary glands. Deformation analysis did disclose local stress, suggesting the uvular muscle contributes to velopharyngeal closure in normal anatomy and extends the cleft edges in cleft palate. Conclusion Cleft lip and palate reconstruction should reasonably use the uvular muscle to augment the velar midline bulk. Uvular muscle deformation calculation was successful, permitting functional insight on the basis of microanatomical specimens, so far a bigger complete velar model can be ventured.
Two new Isospora species from the saffron finch, Sicalis flaveola in Brazil
Authors: Coelho Cleide , Berto Bruno , Neves Daniel , Oliveira Vinícius , Flausino Walter , Lopes Carlos 
Published: August 2011

AbstractTwo new coccidian species (Protozoa, Apicomplexa, Eimeriidae) are reported from the saffron finch Sicalis flaveola Linnaeus, 1766, a very common species in South America. Isospora cetasiensis sp. nov. oocysts are subspherical to ellipsoidal, 23.1 × 21.6 μm, with smooth, bilayered wall, ∼1.0 μm. Micropyle, oocyst residuum and polar granule are absent. Sporocysts are ovoidal, 15.1 × 10.9 μm. Stieda body is knob-like and substieda body is rounded. Sporocyst residuum is composed of many scattered granules and spherules of different sizes. Sporozoites are vermiform with one refractile body and a nucleus. Isospora sicalisi sp. nov. oocysts are subspherical to ellipsoidal, 27.5 × 25.2 μm, with a smooth, bilayered wall, ∼1.1 μm. Micropyle, oocyst residuum and polar granule are absent. Sporocysts are ellipsoidal, 17.2 × 11.7 μm. Stieda body is knob-like and substieda body is trapezoidal. Sporocyst residuum is composed of scattered granules and spherules of different sizes. Sporozoites are vermiform with one refractile body and a nucleus.
Pathological and immunological findings in placentas from pregnant BALB/c mice infected with Neospora caninum at early and late stages of gestation
Authors: López-Pérez Inmaculada , Collantes-Fernández Esther , Rojo-Montejo Silvia , Navarro-Lozano Vanesa , Risco-Castillo Verónica , Pérez-Pérez Valentín , Pereira-Bueno Juana , Ortega-Mora Luis 
Published: August 2011

AbstractNeospora caninum is transmitted from a cow to its foetus by vertical transmission and the timing of infection in gestation is an important factor in determining the disease outcome. Few studies have explored the role of the placenta in the outcome of N. caninum infection during pregnancy. Here, we described the N. caninum presence, parasite load, local immune response, and histopathological lesions at the materno-foetal interface after infection of BALB/c mice at early and late stages of gestation. In mice infected at early gestation, N. caninum DNA was detected in foetoplacentary units 7 days post-infection (PI) and in the placenta, but not in viable foetuses on day 14 PI, indicating that the parasite was multiplying primarily in the placental tissues without reaching the foetus. Moreover, parasite DNA was detected in resorptions, suggesting that foetal death could be a consequence of infection. An increase in IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-10 expression was observed in N. caninum PCR-positive placentas, which could favour N. caninum foetal transmission and be harmful to both the placenta and the foetus. Histopathological analysis revealed necrosis affecting both the maternal and foetal sides of the placenta. At late gestation, transmission occurred rapidly following infection (day 3 PI), but parasite were rarely found. In addition, an increase in cytokine expression was observed in spleen and placental tissues from infected animals, while a downregulation in IL-4 expression was only observed in the spleen. Finally, necrosis in the placenta was limited to the maternal side, suggesting that the parasite is mainly multiplying in the placental tissue at this stage. Thus, the results of the present study indicate that the placenta may be actively involved in N. caninum pathogenesis.
Amendment of Pseudoleptobothrium Young, 1967 (Monogenea, Microbothriidae) with the description of Pseudoleptobothrium christisoni sp. nov. from the dermal denticles of Rhinobatos annulatus (Rhinobatidae) off the southern tip of Africa
Authors: Vaughan David , Chisholm Leslie 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPseudoleptobothrium christisoni sp. nov. is described from the dermal denticles of the dorsal skin surface of a single female Rhinobatos annulatus collected off Cape Agulhas, South Africa and destined for public exhibition at the Two Oceans Aquarium in Cape Town. This new species differs from the only other species in the genus, P. aptychotremae Young, 1967, primarily by the morphology of the male copulatory tract. The distal portion of the male copulatory tract is wide and bears muscular papillae internally and externally. In addition, the area of ventral tegument near the vaginal pore has several parallel ridges which appear to serve as the initial attachment site for a bipartite spermatophore. The formation of the spermatophore in P. christisoni is discussed. The generic diagnosis of Pseudoleptobothrium is revised to accommodate P. christisoni and a partial redescription of P. aptychotremae is provided to include characters originally not described or described incorrectly.
Hypocreadium caputvadum sp. nov. (Digenea, Lepocreadiidae), an intestinal parasite of the grey triggerfish, Balistes capriscus (Teleostei, Balistidae) from the Gulf of Gabès, Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Kacem Hichem , Derbel Hela , Neifar Lassâd 
Published: August 2011

AbstractHypocreadium caputvadum sp. nov. (Digenea, Lepocreadiidae) is described from the intestine of Balistes capriscus Gmelin collected from the Gulf of Gabès (Tunisia) in the southern Mediterranean Sea. This new species can be distinguished by a combination of characteristics shared by no other described species of Hypocreadium Ozaki, 1936. These characteristics include the presence of a distinct anterior notch, the follicular vitellarium confluent in the forebody, the presence of a muscular sphincter at the level of the anterior third of the metraterm and the size and the position of the cirrus-sac.
New host and geographical records and morphological details for Echinuria skrjabiniensis (Nematoda, Acuariidae) from shorebirds in Argentina
Authors: Diaz Julia , Panisse Guillermo , Escudero Graciela , Kinsella John 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe acuarioid nematode Echinuria skrjabiniensis Efimov in Skryabin, Sobolev et Ivashkin, 1965 was found in Calidris bairdii and C. fuscicollis (Aves, Scolopacidae) examined from several locations from Patagonia, Argentina. These constitute new host records as well as the first record of this parasite species in South America. Using both light and scanning electron microscopies, new morphological details are provided, including the description of the left spicule and the number and the arrangement of male caudal papillae. The taxonomic history of the species is summarized, corroborating its correct spelling and valid name.
Cadmium and lead concentrations in Moniliformis moniliformis (Acanthocephala) and Rodentolepis microstoma (Cestoda), and in their definitive hosts, Rattus rattus and Mus domesticus in El Hierro (Canary Archipelago, Spain)
Authors: Torres Jordi , Eira Catarina , Miquel Jordi , Foronda Pilar , Feliu Carlos 
Published: August 2011

AbstractInformation on parasites of vertebrates living in terrestrial ecosystems as monitoring tools for heavy metal environmental pollution is scarce. The present study evaluates the potential suitability of the models Rattus rattus/Moniliformis moniliformis and Mus domesticus/Rodentolepis microstoma as promising bioindicator systems for cadmium and lead pollutions under natural conditions. The highest level of cadmium was found in one specimen of M. moniliformis (335.2 ng g−1 wet weight) and the average concentration of Cd in the acanthocephalan was significantly higher than values found in R. rattus liver and kidney tissues. The maximum concentration of lead occurred in one specimen of R. microstoma (567.4 ng g−1 wet weight) and the average concentration of Pb in the cestode was significantly higher than values found in M. domesticus liver, kidney and muscle tissues. The present results allow proposing both models as promising biomonitoring systems to evaluate environmental cadmium pollution (mainly R. rattus/M. moniliformis) and lead contamination (especially M. domesticus/R. microstoma) in terrestrial nonurban habitats.
Nuclear progesterone receptor isoforms and their functions in the female reproductive tract
Authors: Rękawiecki R. , Kowalik M. , Kotwica J. 
Published: August 2011

Nuclear progesterone receptor isoforms and their functions in the female reproductive tract
Progesterone (P4), which is produced by the corpus luteum (CL), creates proper conditions for the embryo implantation, its development, and ensures proper conditions for the duration of pregnancy. Besides the non-genomic activity of P4 on target cells, its main physiological effect is caused through genomic action by the progesterone nuclear receptor (PGR). This nuclear progesterone receptor occurs in two specific isoforms, PGRA and PGRB. PGRA isoform acts as an inhibitor of transcriptional action of PGRB. The inactive receptor is connected with chaperone proteins and attachment of P4 causes disconnection of chaperones and unveiling of DNA binding domain (DBD). After receptor dimerization in the cells' nucleus and interaction with hormone response element (HRE), the receptor coactivators are connected and transcription is initiated. The ratio of these isoforms changes during the estrous cycle and reflects the different levels of P4 effect on the reproductive system. Both isoforms, PGRA and PGRB, also show a different response to the P4 receptor antagonist activity. Connection of the antagonist to PGRA can block PGRB, but acting through the PGRB isoform, P4 receptor antagonist may undergo conversion to a strongly receptor agonist. A third isoform, PGRC, has also been revealed. This isoform is the shortest and does not have transcriptional activity. Alternative splicing and insertion of additional exons may lead to the formation of different PGR isoforms. This paper summarizes the available data on the progesterone receptor isoforms and its regulatory action within the female reproductive system.
The influence of botulinum toxin type A (BTX) on the immunohistochemical characteristics of noradrenergic and cholinergic nerve fibers supplying the porcine urinary bladder wall
Authors: Lepiarczyk E. , Bossowska A. , Kaleczyc J. , Majewski M. 
Published: August 2011

The influence of botulinum toxin type A (BTX) on the immunohistochemical characteristics of noradrenergic and cholinergic nerve fibers supplying the porcine urinary bladder wall
Botulinum toxin (BTX) belongs to a family of neurotoxins which strongly influence the function of autonomic neurons supplying the urinary bladder. Accordingly, BTX has been used as an effective drug in experimental therapies of a range of neurogenic bladder disorders. However, there is no detailed information dealing with the influence of BTX on the morphological and chemical properties of nerve fibres supplying the urinary bladder wall. Therefore, the present study investigated, using double-labeling immunohistochemistry, the distribution, relative frequency and chemical coding of cholinergic and noradrenergic nerve fibers supplying the wall of the urinary bladder in normal female pigs (n=6) and in the pigs (n=6) after intravesical BTX injections. In the pigs injected with BTX, the number of adrenergic (DβH-positive) nerve fibers distributed in the bladder wall (urothelium, submucosa and muscle coat) was distinctly higher while the number of cholinergic (VAChT-positive) nerve terminals was lower than that found in the control animals. Moreover, the injections of BTX resulted in some changes dealing with the chemical coding of the adrenergic nerve fibers. In contrast to the normal pigs, in BTX injected animals the number of DβH/NPY- or DβH/CGRP-positive axons was higher in the muscle coat, and some fibres distributed in the urothelium and submucosa expressed immunoreactivity to CGRP. The results obtained suggest that the therapeutic effects of BTX on the urinary bladder might be dependent on changes in the distribution and chemical coding of nerve fibers supplying this organ.
Antibiotic resistance of canine Staphylococcus intermedius group (SIG) - practical implications
Authors: Chrobak D. , Kizerwetter-Świda M. , Rzewuska M. , Binek M. 
Published: August 2011

Antibiotic resistance of canineStaphylococcus intermediusgroup (SIG) - practical implicationsA total of 221 SIG strains were isolated from clinical samples of canine origin submitted to the Diagnostic Laboratory of the Division of Bacteriology and Molecular Biology at the Warsaw University of Life Sciences in Warsaw during the period 2006-2010. The aim of the study was to investigate the frequency of prevalence of methicillin-resistant SIG strains and to determine the MIC values of cephalotin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, mupirocin for a collection of randomly selected 79 strains belonging toStaphylococcus intermediusgroup (SIG), including 23mecA-positive and 56mecA-negative strains. All isolates were identified as belonging to SIG based on their phenotypic properties and PCR amplification ofS. intermedius-specific fragment of the 16S rRNA gene. ThemecAgene was detected in 26 (12%) of 221 SIG strains. All testedmecA-negative SIG strains were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cephalotin. One of the 56mecA-negative SIG strains was resistant to ciprofloxacin, six (11%) to gentamicin. It was found that sixteen (29%) of 56mecA-negative SIG strains were resistant to clindamycin. Most of themecA-positive SIG strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin (96%), clindamycin (96%), and gentamicin (96%). Only one MRSIG strain was resistant to chloramphenicol. All examinedmecA-positive SIG strains were found to be susceptible to mupirocin. Our results imply that staphylococcal multidrug resistance has become more prevalent, which could lead to difficulties in effective treatment. With some resistant strains the only therapeutic possibility are antimicrobial agents important in human medicine. New regulations for veterinary medicine concerning appropriate therapy of infections caused by multidrug-resistat staphylococci are needed.
Molecular typing of Staphylococcus aureus based on PCR-RFLP of coa gene and RAPD analysis
Authors: Karakulska J. , Pobucewicz A. , Nawrotek P. , Muszyńska M. , Furowicz A. , Czernomysy-Furowicz D. 
Published: August 2011

Molecular typing ofStaphylococcus aureusbased on PCR-RFLP ofcoagene and RAPD analysisThe aim of this study was molecular identification ofS. aureusstrains isolated from mastitic milk samples and establishing the genetic relationship between strains isolated from cows belonging to the same herd. In all 43 isolated strains thegapgene (930 bp) was amplified, which enabled their affiliation to theStaphylococcusgenus to be established. PCR-RFLP withAluI endonuclease of thegapgene as well asnuc(450 bp) andcoa(1130 bp) gene amplification allowed preciseS. aureusspecies identification. One hundred percent of the genetic relationship between strains was establishedviaRAPD-PCR and coa-typing.
Italie – Une analyse du discours sur le développement durable
Authors: Leconte Arnaud , Lallemand Xavier 
Published: August 2011

Résumé Ce papier analyse le discours de l’Italie sur le développement durable. Le discours politique dominant, respectueux du cadre européen, soutient officiellement une ligne intégrative des dimensions sociales, économiques et environnementales. En pratique, l’Italie est le pays le plus irrespectueux des directives environnementales européennes, récemment illustré par la gestion scandaleuse des déchets dans la région de Naples. Face à la crise économique, le discours dominant est contesté par un discours environnementaliste conduit par les ONGs, un discours socio-religieux donnant priorité à l’homme sur l’environnement, et un discours « alternatif » fondé sur la contestation du système capitalist