bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life’s America: Étude d’un ensemble photographique légué par Mell Kilpatrick1
Authors: Vinet-Kammerer Romaric 
Published: June 2011

« The visual is essentially pornographic […] » (Jameson 1)« Welcome. » La photographie cadre un pas de porte et les quelques marches de ciment qui y mènent. Sur celles-ci, un paillasson maculé du sang qui s’écoule sous le seuil souhaite la bienvenue aux visiteurs… Cette murder scene condense l’esprit des instants pétrifiés par Mell Kilpat­rick (1902–1962), reporter photographe américain qui, en se faisant le chroniqueur méticuleux des faits divers se produisant dans le comté d’Orange, à Los Angeles2, nous livre une vision inquiétante des années 1940 et 1950. À la manière de Weegee qui, dans les années 1930, traquait infatigablement les drames de la nuit new-yorkaise, Kilpatrick trouve ses sujets au gré de voyages nocturnes sur les routes de la Californie du sud. Équipé d’un appareil Speed Graphic et d’une radio à ondes courtes lui permettant d’entendre les appels de la police et des ambulanciers, il cou­vre la dimension la plus sombre de l’actualité locale. L’ensemble qu’il nous lègue se compose de scènes de meurtres et de suicides, mais surtout d’une vaste série d’accidents de voitures dont il a été témoin alors que, faisant ses premières armes comme photographe, il travaillait pour le compte de compagnies d’assurance et de la police routière. Le terrain de prédilection de Kilpatrick: la nationale qui longe le Pacifique, Newport, les champs pétrolifères de Long Beach. Une région où s’étaient établies les nouvelles classes moyennes des lendemains de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Traversé par des routes récemment construites, ce secteur était aussi l’aire de récréation des militaires de la base aéronavale d’El Toro qui venaient, durant leurs temps libres s’y griser de vitesse. Ce sont les nou­veaux tourments de cette Amérique (et le point de vue californien est cer­tainement le plus pertinent) qui communie dans le culte de l’automobile que le reporter répertorie à la nuit tombée. Il réunit ainsi une galerie dont l’extrême brutalité constitue une réponse hagarde à l’iconographie pim­pante des États-Unis des années 1940 et 1950. Exploitant un motif à la fois central (la culture automobile de l’après-guerre) et underground (la mort violente dans une société qui prône l’opti­misme), le travail de Mell Kilpatrick offre une source de réflexion com­plexe sur les ambiguïtés de la culture américaine à l’égard de ses marges.
New Immigrants and Neo-rural Values
Authors: Verinis James P. 
Published: July 2011

Though Greek agriculture is arguably the picture of rural underdevelopment in Europe, life in rural Greece is transforming within a new global migratory context. Farmers now work with myriad non-Greek minorities who, with the onset of the postsocialist period, have begun to play a diversity of socio-economic roles. These immigrants help to de fine what agricultural (dis)incentives, environmental stewardship, social fabric and territorial occupation mean in the countryside. Together with locals they now co-manage new tensions stemming from European rural development programs and global commodity markets.Scholarship tends to reify the conclusion that immigrants are merely transient, exploited labourers. In conjunction with macroeconomic analyses of rural 'stagnation', such characterizations misrepresent current realities and undermine alternative potentialities. As some new residents join the ranks of small-scale Greek farmers, new rural values are crystallising, opening a door for new interpretations of rural development in Greece.
Book Reviews
Authors: Naylor Rachel , Odhiambo Elly Omondi 
Published: July 2011

Stefan Goodwin (2009), Africa in Europe (Plymouth: Lexington).Volume One: Antiquity into the Age of Global Exploration, 260pp., Pb: £18.95, ISBN-13: 978-0739117262Volume Two: Interdependencies, Relocations and Globalization, 430pp., Pb: £24.95, ISBN-13: 978-0739127667
La domus Augusta et les formations de parenté à Rome
Authors: Moreau Philippe 
Published: July 2011

This paper deals with the anthropological typology of the domus Augusta as a kin group, when it appeared, at the end of the Augustan principate. In spite of some recent scholarly views, we cannot regard it as a «house», according to the Levi-straussian terminology, on several grounds: no collective estate belonged to it members, who did not share a common dwelling-place; Rome as a whole was not a «house society»: domus did not superseded gens and
familia, which were still extant. Actually, the domus Augusta was mostly an Ego-centred kindred,
i. e. a kin class, not a kin group, composed of a wide range of bilateral blood kins and of a small number of close in law and step relatives, attested in the Roman society since the late 3rd century BC. Several statutes, among which three Augustan laws, afford lists of personae exceptae evidencing such a kindred. Nevertheless, the domus Augusta, according to its dynastic character, differs in some features from common Roman kindreds: an official name, a public character, the authority exercised by Augustus over its members.
Matrix Gla Protein Polymorphism, But Not Concentrations, Is Associated with Radiographic Hand Osteoarthritis
Authors: MISRA DEVYANI , BOOTH SARAH L. , CROSIER MICHEAL D. , ORDOVAS JOSE M. , FELSON DAVID T. , NEOGI TUHINA 
Published: July 2011

Objective.Factors associated with mineralization and osteophyte formation in osteoarthritis (OA) are incompletely understood. Genetic polymorphisms of matrix Gla protein (MGP), a mineralization inhibitor, have been associated clinically with conditions of abnormal calcification. We therefore evaluated the relationship of MGP concentrations and polymorphisms at the MGP locus to hand OA.Methods.Ours was an ancillary study to a 3-year randomized trial assessing the effect of vitamin K supplementation on vascular calcification and bone loss among community-dwelling elders. We studied participants who had serum MGP concentration measured and DNA genotyped for 3 MGP genetic polymorphisms (rs1800802, rs1800801, and rs4236), and who had hand radiographs. We evaluated the cross-sectional associations of serum MGP and the 3 MGP genetic polymorphisms, respectively, with radiographic hand OA using logistic regression with generalized estimating equations, adjusting for potential confounders.Results.Radiographic hand OA in ≥ 1 joint was present in 71% of the 376 participants (mean age 74 years, mean body mass index 28 kg/m2, 59% women). No significant association between serum MGP concentrations and radiographic hand OA was found [adjusted OR 1.0 (ref), 1.40, 1.21, and 1.21 for quartiles 1–4, respectively]. Homozygosity of the rs1800802 minor allele was associated with 0.56 times lower prevalence of hand OA compared with having ≥ 1 major allele at this locus (95% CI 0.32–0.99, p = 0.046).Conclusion.There may be an association between hand OA and genetic polymorphism at the MGP locus that is not reflected by total MGP serum concentrations. Further studies are warranted to replicate and elucidate potential mechanisms underlying these observed associations.
Plectranthus amboinicus Attenuates Inflammatory Bone Erosion in Mice with Collagen-induced Arthritis by Downregulation of RANKL-induced NFATc1 Expression
Authors: HSU YU-CHIEH , CHENG CHIA-PI , CHANG DEH-MING 
Published: July 2011

Objective.Plectranthus amboinicus has been known to treat inflammatory diseases or swelling symptoms. We investigated whether P. amboinicus exhibited an inhibitory effect on osteoclastogenesis in vitro and inflammatory bone erosion in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice, an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis. We attempted to identify the active component of P. amboinicus involved in regulation of osteoclastogenesis.Methods.We treated M-CSF- and RANKL-stimulated murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) and RANKL-induced RAW264.7 cells with different concentrations of P. amboinicus or rosmarinic acid, a phytopolyphenol purified from P. amboinicus, to monitor osteoclast formation by TRAP staining. The mechanism of the inhibition was studied by biochemical analysis such as RT-PCR and immunoblotting. CIA mice were administered gavages of P. amboinicus (375 mg/kg) or placebo. Then clinical, histological, and biochemical measures were assessed to determine the effects of P. amboinicus on synovial inflammation and bone erosion by H&E staining of the inflamed joints and ELISA.Results.Rosmarinic acid strongly inhibited RANKL-induced NF-κB activation and nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) nuclear translocation in BMM, and also inhibited RANKL-induced formation of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells. A pit formation assay and the CIA animal model showed that P. amboinicus significantly inhibited the bone-resorbing activity of mature osteoclasts.Conclusion.We postulated that rosmarinic acid conferred the inhibitory activity on P. amboinicus for inhibition of osteoclastogenesis via downregulation of RANKL-induced NFATc1 expression. Our results indicated the possibility of P. amboinicus as a new remedy against inflammatory bone destruction.
Association of Baseline Knee Bone Size, Cartilage Volume, and Body Mass Index with Knee Cartilage Loss Over Time: A Longitudinal Study in Younger or Middle-aged Adults
Authors: ANTONY BENNY , DING CHANGHAI , STANNUS OLIVER , CICUTTINI FLAVIA , JONES GRAEME 
Published: July 2011

Objective.To determine the association of knee bone size, cartilage volume, and body mass index (BMI) at baseline with knee cartilage loss over 2 years in younger or middle-aged adults.Methods.A total of 324 subjects (mean age 45 yrs, range 26–61) were measured at baseline and about 2 years later. Knee cartilage volume and bone size were determined using T1-weighted fat-saturated magnetic resonance imaging.Results.In multivariable analysis, baseline knee bone size was negatively associated with annual change in knee cartilage volume at medial and lateral tibial sites (ß = −0.62% to −0.47%/cm2, all p < 0.001). The associations disappeared at medial tibial site after adjustment for baseline cartilage volume and became of borderline statistical significance at lateral tibial site after adjustment for both baseline cartilage volume and osteophytes (ß = −0.29, p = 0.059). Baseline knee cartilage volume was consistently and negatively associated with annual change in knee cartilage volume at all 3 medial tibial, lateral tibial, and patellar sites (ß = −4.41% to −1.37%/ml, all p < 0.001). Baseline BMI was negatively associated with an annual change in knee cartilage volume, but only in subjects within the upper tertile of baseline cartilage volume, even after adjusting for cartilage defects (ß = −0.16% to −0.34%/kg/m2, all p < 0.05).Conclusion.Our study suggests that both higher baseline tibial bone area and knee cartilage volume (most likely due to cartilage swelling) are associated with greater knee cartilage loss over 2 years. A higher BMI was associated with greater knee cartilage loss only in subjects with higher baseline cartilage volume.
Is There an Advantage Over SF-36 with a Quality of Life Measure That Is Specific to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
Authors: TOUMA ZAHI , GLADMAN DAFNA D. , IBAÑEZ DOMINIQUE , UROWITZ MURRAY B. 
Published: July 2011

Objective.To assess whether the Lupus Quality of Life (LupusQoL) questionnaire contributed additional information not obtained using the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 questionnaire (SF-36) in a cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods.Forty-one patients seen at a single center were followed at monthly intervals for 12 months. The LupusQoL and the SF-36 questionnaires were coadministered monthly. Disease activity was determined by the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) every 30 days. We determined the correlation of the 4 comparable domains of both questionnaires. For the 4 noncomparable domains of the LupusQoL we determined the correlation between each domain with the Physical Component Summary scores (PCS) and the Mental Component Summary scores (MCS) of the SF-36. The effect size (ES) and the standardized response mean (SRM) were used to compare the responsiveness of both questionnaires when a clinically significant change in disease activity occurred as determined by SLEDAI-2K.Results.Three hundred seventy-six patient visits were recorded. There was a strong correlation between comparable domains in both questionnaires. For the 4 noncomparable domains of the LupusQoL, there was a correlation with the MCS and PCS of SF-36. The mean scores for comparable domains in both questionnaires were similar. Both questionnaires displayed responsiveness, as determined by ES and SRM among patients who flared and improved, but not among patients in remission, when compared to the previous visit.Conclusion.LupusQoL and SF-36 were equivalent in assessing quality of life over time in this group of patients. Both questionnaires are responsive measures of quality of life in patients with SLE flares and improvement.
Safety and Efficacy of Febuxostat Treatment in Subjects with Gout and Severe Allopurinol Adverse Reactions
Authors: CHOHAN SAIMA 
Published: July 2011

Objective.Allopurinol, a purine base analog inhibitor of xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, remains the standard for pharmacologic urate-lowering management of gout. Allopurinol is efficacious and safe in most patients, but intolerance is estimated to occur in up to 10% of treated patients. Severe or life-threatening allopurinol adverse reactions (AE) occur much less frequently, and include severe cutaneous allopurinol reactions, vasculitis, and/or a multisystem allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome. During clinical development of febuxostat (FEB), a recently approved non-purine analog inhibitor of XO, subjects with severe allopurinol intolerance were excluded from randomized double-blind FEB/allopurinol comparative trials.Methods.In this retrospective study, safety and urate-lowering efficacy of FEB was assessed in 13 successively encountered gout patients with prior documented severe allopurinol reactions.Results.FEB was well tolerated in 12 of 13 patients, each of whom remains on treatment. One patient previously hospitalized with documented exfoliative erythroderma during allopurinol treatment, developed biopsy-confirmed cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis. None of the other 12 patients treated with FEB showed rash, worsening hepatic function, blood cytopenia or eosinophilia.Conclusion.In 12 of our 13 gout patients with previously documented severe allopurinol AE, FEB treatment was safe. However, the development of a hypersensitivity type cutaneous vasculitis (likely but not definitively FEB-related) early in treatment mandates caution, careful dose escalation, and close monitoring when FEB urate-lowering therapy of allopurinol-intolerant patients is considered.
Minimally Important Differences of the UCLA Scleroderma Clinical Trial Consortium Gastrointestinal Tract Instrument
Authors: KHANNA DINESH , FURST DANIEL E. , MARANIAN PAUL , SEIBOLD JAMES R. , IMPENS ANN , MAYES MAUREEN D. , CLEMENTS PHILIP J. , GETZUG TERRI , HAYS RON D. 
Published: July 2011

Objective.To provide minimally important difference (MID) estimates for the UCLA Scleroderma Clinical Trial Consortium Gastrointestinal Tract 2.0 (UCLA SCTC GIT 2.0) in a longitudinal observational cohort.Methods.We administered the UCLA SCTC GIT 2.0 to 115 patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) at 2 timepoints 6 months apart. The UCLA SCTC GIT 2.0 has 7 multi-item scales: Reflux, Distension/Bloating, Diarrhea, Fecal Soilage, Constipation, Emotional Well-being, and Social Functioning and a total GIT score. All scales are scored from 0 [better health-related quality of life (HRQOL)] to 3 (worse HRQOL) except the diarrhea and constipation scales (ranges 0–2 and 0–2.5, respectively). Patients also rated their overall and upper and lower GIT involvement during the second visit using a response scale with options “much better; somewhat better; almost the same; somewhat worse; or much worse.” The minimally changed group was defined by those reporting they were somewhat better or somewhat worse compared to first visit.Results.Study participants were 84% female and 81% white with a mean disease duration of 6.9 years. The MID estimates for improvement ranged from 0.07 for the Social Functioning scale to 0.36 for the Emotional Well-being scale. For worsening, the MID estimates ranged from 0.06 for the Fecal Soilage scale to 0.21 for the Social Functioning scale.Conclusion.We provide MID estimates for the UCLA SCTC GIT 2.0 scales. This information can aid in interpreting scale scores in future randomized controlled trials and observational studies.
Des pratiques professionnelles sous tension
Authors: Bachet Daniel 
Published: July 2011

Résumé Depuis 1946 les services de médecine du travail puis de santé au travail (SST) sont dirigés, organisés et financés par les employeurs et leurs représentants. De nombreux médecins s’accommodent de cette situation tout en exprimant un malaise diffus mais certain. L’enquête qualitative menée auprès de médecins du travail et de salariés montre que les pratiques médicales en santé au travail, sous leurs formes passées et actuelles, ne parviennent pas vraiment à produire un ensemble d’actions cohérentes au regard des objectifs affichés (préservation de la santé au travail, adaptation du travail à l’homme). Ces pratiques s’inscrivent dans le cadre de structures institutionnelles qui ont privilégié la visite médicale d’aptitude au détriment de l’action dans l’entreprise en lien avec l’organisation et les conditions de travail. Les analyses d’entretiens de médecins du travail et de salariés permettent de rendre compte de la portée et des limites de pratiques professionnelles en quête de légitimité mais aussi de la cohérence des solutions qui se cherchent aujourd’hui.
Le monopole professoral en question
Authors: Sébileau Arnaud 
Published: July 2011

Résumé Le cas des professeurs d’éducation physique et sportive attire l’attention de la sociologie des enseignants sur une discipline pour laquelle l’École ne dispose pas du monopole de la définition et de la certification des savoirs enseignés. Ces enseignants sont mis en concurrence avec d’autres professionnels des activités physiques, auxquels l’État accorde des prérogatives similaires en matière d’encadrement éducatif de la « jeunesse », ainsi que par leurs collègues, les parents et les élèves qui les assimilent à des entraîneurs ou à des éducateurs sportifs. Pour faire valoir leur utilité professorale et défendre la valeur scolaire de leur discipline minorée relativement aux autres, les professeurs d’EPS ne disposent pas tous des mêmes ressources. Consignés au rôle d’éducateur plus que d’enseignant, ils mettent en œuvre des stratégies de légitimation démontrant leur inégale propension à penser l’École comme une institution nécessairement distincte des univers au sein desquels peut aussi être éduquée, selon d’autres normes et d’autres valeurs, la « jeunesse ».
Guérillas et terrorismes
Authors: Chaliand Gérard 
Published: June 2011

Guérillas et guerres de partisans se dressent contre les puissances coloniales, avant de se transformer dans la deuxième partie du xx e siècle en guerres révolutionnaires. Le terrorisme d’aujourd’hui est à la fois publicitaire et idéologique, appuyé sur la montée de l’islam radical. Il demeure néanmoins limité, en dépit de la « guerre globale » lancée par l’Administration de George W. Bush. Plus complexe est le problème de la guerre d’usure, posé par l’intervention en Afghanistan. politique étrangère
Changes in Blood Pressure and Related Autonomic Function During Cervical Traction in Healthy Women
Authors: Tsai Chien-Tsung , Chang Wen-Dien , Kao Mu-Jong , Wang Chung-Jieh , Lai Ping Tung 
Published: June 2011

Cervical traction is a physical therapy procedure frequently used to treat cervical disk lesions, cervical spondylosis, and cervical facet joint lesions. We have observed rare cases of side effects in elderly patients, but not in women younger than 30 years.In this pilot study, 96 young women were randomly divided into 3 groups to study the effect of cervical traction with different traction weights on blood pressure, heart rate, heart rate variability, and correlated autonomic adjustment. Cervical traction weight used was 10% of the patient’s body weight in group A (n=32), 20% in group B (n=32), and 30% in group C (n=32). Assessments of blood pressure, heart rate, heart rate variability, percentage of high- and low-frequency signals, and low-frequency/high-frequency ratio were performed before, during, and 20 minutes after traction. We found that systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate variability elevated during cervical traction and returned nearly to original levels immediately after traction in group C, but not in groups A or B. There were no significant changes in heart rate, percentage of high- or low-frequency signals, and low-frequency/high-frequency ratio in all 3 groups during or after cervical traction.Cervical traction with a traction weight approximately 10% to 20% of body weight can be safely provided without significant compromise of cardiovascular function. However, heavy traction weight (30% of body weight) should be avoided, especially for a patient with cardiovascular disease.
The Surgical Treatment of Andersson Lesions Associated With Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Wang Guodong , Sun Jianmin , Jiang Zhensong , Cui Xingang 
Published: June 2011

Eight men with Andersson lesions associated with ankylosing spondylitis who underwent surgical treatment were reviewed for this study. Eight Andersson lesions were found in the 8 patients, and all presented as pseudoarthrosis. Including a patient with obvious vertebral body destruction, no obvious local kyphosis was observed. Spinal cord compression and neural deficit were observed in 1 patient. Without established instructions for the surgical treatment of Andersson lesions, we alternated the surgical technique for each patient. Therefore, 5 patients, including the patient with obvious anterior destruction requiring reconstruction, underwent surgical treatment with lesion curettage and anterior bone graft and fusion; 3 other patients underwent surgical treatment without lesion curettage and anterior bone graft. All surgeries were performed from a posterior approach. Posterolateral autograft was supplemented to posterior instrumentation with or without anterior bone graft.
All 8 patients experienced pain relief immediately postoperatively. No evidence of non-union was observed on radiographs at the level of pseudoarthrosis at final follow-up, and no neural and infectious complications were observed. Based on these results, surgical treatment with only posterior instrumentation supplemented by posterolateral autograft was effective for patients with Andersson lesions without obvious vertebral body destruction requiring reconstruction. Anterior lesion curettage and bone graft were not necessary. Solid immobilization, achieved by posterior instrumentation, should be the focus of the treatment of Andersson lesions with ankylosing spondylitis.