bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of amphiphilic antibacterial copolymers
Authors: Bai Yong Xiao , Liu Yao Bin , Li Yan Feng , Zhang Qi 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMacromolecule antimicrobials have been explored in foundational research and practical application due to their potential merit for reducing the residual toxicity, increasing their efficiency, selectivity, and prolonging the lifetime of the antimicrobial material. In this work, the quaternized poly(styrene)‐b‐poly(DMAEMA) diblock polymers are synthesized by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) evaluation and optical density (OD) method demonstrated that the amphiphilic antibacterial biomaterials have exceptional antibacterial properties. The amphiphilic polycation has an admirable antibacterial property, and these quaternized diblocks are potent biocides and nonhemolytic. The relationship between the structure and activity is discussed with respect to molecular weight of the diblocks and bacteria structural dependence. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and thermo‐mechanical behavior of nanocomposite epoxy adhesives
Authors: Dorigato Andrea , Pegoretti Alessandro 
Published: April 2011

AbstractTwo kinds of organo‐modified (OM) clays were dispersed in an epoxy resin for the preparation of nanocomposite adhesives at various filler amounts. XRD tests evidenced the formation of intercalated structures, increasing the intercalation degree with the clay hydrophilicity. The original transparency of the samples was retained up to a filler content of 3 wt%, and then decreased due to filler agglomeration. The glass transition temperature of nanocomposites filled with the more hydrophilic clay (30B) raised up to a filler content of 3 wt% and then decreased, probably because of the concurrent and contrasting effects of the physical chain blocking and reduction of the cross‐linking degree. Also elastic modulus, stress at break, and fracture toughness were sensibly improved by nanoclay addition up to filler loadings of 0.5–1 wt%. For higher concentrations the positive contribution of clay nanoplatelets was counterbalanced by the presence of agglomerated tactoids in the matrix. Mechanical tests on single‐lap composite (epoxy/glass) bonded joints evidenced an enhancement of the shear strength by about 25% for an optimal filler content of 1 wt%. Therefore, it was concluded that the addition of a proper amount of OM clay to epoxy adhesives could represent an effective way to improve the shear resistance of adhesively bonded composite structures. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ER suspensions of composite core‐shell microspheres with improved sedimentation stability
Authors: Krzton‐Maziopa A. , Gorkier M. , Plocharski J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractElectrorheological (ER) fluids are usually suspensions of solid polarizable particles in nonpolar carrier liquids. Such systems are particularly sensitive to the presence of electric fields, which transform them reversibly into solid‐like bodies. Fast (within milliseconds) and fully reversible reaction of ER fluids to electric field is a subject of great interest because of many possible applications in tunable vibration dampers, clutches, valves, or brakes. A novel type of ER fluids with composite microspheres composed of polymer electrolyte shell with defined shell thickness and inorganic hollow cores has been synthesized and tested in the presence of an electric field. It has been found that suspensions with composite grains possessed more stable ER response with temperature and lower power consumption in comparison to their polymer‐based counterparts. ER effect of the prepared fluids was measured and related to the applied electric field and solid phase properties. It has been also shown that suspensions of composite materials exhibited improved long‐term sedimentation stability in comparison to polymer‐based suspensions due to the formation of weak microstructure which suppressed the sedimentation of solid phase in off‐field state. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and properties of polycarbonate/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) hybrid composites
Authors: Cai Hualun , Zhang Xiuju , Xu Kai , Liu Huan , Su Jiangxun , Liu Xin , Fu Zien , Guo Ying , Chen Mingcai 
Published: April 2011

AbstractOctaphenylsilsesquioxane (PH‐POSS) and octa(γ‐methacryloxypropyl)silsesquioxane (MA‐POSS) were successfully synthesized by hydrolytic condensation of phenyltrichlorosilane and γ‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), 1H and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrum. Morphology, degradation behavior, thermal, and mechanical properties of hybrid composites were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), polarized optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), surface contact angle (SCA), tensile, and impact testing. Domains of PH‐POSS and MA‐POSS dispersed in the matrix with a wide size distribution in a range of 0.1–0.5 µm, while PH‐POSS exhibited a preferential dispersion. Because of the possible homopolymerization of MA‐POSS during the melt blending, the glass transition temperature of polycarbonate (PC)/MA‐POSS composites remained nearly unchanged with respect to PC/PH‐POSS composites that showed a depression of Tg due to the plasticization effect. It is interesting to note that the incorporation of POSS retarded the degradation rates of PC composites and thus significantly improved the thermal stabilities. SiO fractions left during POSS degradations were a key factor governing the formation of a gel network layer on the exterior surface. This layer possessed more compact structures, higher thermal stabilities, and some thermal insulation. In addition, percentage residues at 700°C (C700) significantly increased from 10.8% to 15.8–22.1% in air. Fracture stress of two composites showed a slight improvement, and the impact strength of them decreased monotonically with the increase of POSS loading. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of abrogated pathways in fallopian tube epithelium from BRCA1 mutation carriers
Authors: George Sophia HL , Greenaway James , Milea Anca , Clary Victoria , Shaw Sanjeev , Sharma Monika , Virtanen Carl , Shaw Patricia A 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe discovery of occult invasive and intra‐epithelial tubal carcinomas in BRCA1 mutation carriers undergoing prophylactic surgery has implicated the fallopian tube epithelium as the source of serous cancer. However, little is known of the early molecular events of serous oncogenesis, or why cancers in BRCA1 mutation carriers are found preferentially in tissues which are responsive to reproductive hormones. We hypothesize that molecular alterations present in morphologically normal tubal epithelium from BRCA1 heterozygotes reflect the earliest events in serous carcinogenesis and may be markers of increased cancer risk as well as targets for risk reduction. Genetic profiling of microdissected tubal epithelium from histologically normal BRCA1 mutation carriers and controls was performed. We sought to define a signature which differentiated BRCA1 mutant tubal epithelium from women with low risk of developing ovarian cancer. Molecular differences between the follicular and luteal phases were prominent and, by using filtering techniques and a two‐way ANOVA without a False Discovery Rate correction, we identified 440 probe sets with a more than two‐fold change in gene expression related to BRCA1 mutation status. Using gene ontology and known associations to cancer pathways, we selected five genes for further analysis by qPCR and immunohistochemistry, and were able to demonstrate statistically significant differentiation of BRCA1 and control cases in an independent set of cases. The altered expression profiles in histologically normal tubal epithelium from BRCA1 heterozygotes suggest that these cells may respond differently to microenvironmental stresses. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuroblastoma: A 20‐year experience in a UK regional centre
Authors: Salim Adeline , Mullassery Dhanya , Pizer Barry , McDowell Heather P. , Losty Paul D. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPurposeThe role of surgery in the management of neuroblastoma yields conflicting reports. We report a 20‐year experience from a UK centre in the context of evolving cancer therapies for neuroblastoma.MethodsHospital records of 91 neuroblastoma patients from 1985 to 2005 were studied. Patient demographics, data from operating notes and tumour biology (MYCN status) where available were analysed.ResultsSurgery consisted of primary resection or delayed operation following tumour biopsy/chemotherapy. Overall survival was 100% for stage 1(n = 3), 90% for stage 2 (n = 10), 46% for stage 3 (n = 13), 13% for stage 4 (n = 55) and 56% for stage 4S disease (n = 9). During the eras 1985–1994 versus 1995–2005, survival for stage 3 lesions was 25% and 80% (P = 0.04) with marginal increase in survival observed in stage 4 disease (12% vs. 22%, P = 0.083). Delayed tumour resection was not performed in 20 (36%) stage 4 patients due to progressive disease. Complete tumour resection was achieved in 62% of stage 3–4 patients during 1995–2005 compared to 38% in 1985–1994. The extent of surgical resection (complete vs. partial) showed no significant differences in overall survival or relapse rates. Postoperative morbidity occurred in 15.7% of cases emphasising technical challenges in resection of neuroblastoma. No child with MYCN amplification survived versus 59% survival in non‐amplified cases (P = 0.012).ConclusionsWhile complete tumour resection may be desirable in advanced neuroblastoma (stage 3–4) these findings suggest that the radicality of operation is not significantly associated with better overall survival/relapse. Improving outcomes in the 1995–2005 era for patients with stage 3–4 tumours complements the introduction of new high dose‐intensive chemotherapy regimens and other adjuvant therapies for this enigmatic disease. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 1254–1260. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simultaneous Identification of Multiple Celangulins from the Root Bark of Celastrus angulatus Using High‐performance Liquid Chromatography–Diode Array Detector–Electrospray Ionisation–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Wei Shaopeng , Gao Jinming , Wu Wenjun , Ji Zhiqin , Zhang Jiwen 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTIntroductionCelangulins are a small family of β‐dihydroagarofuran sesquiterpenoids endowed with diverse polyoxygenated polyol esters and various biological properties. Since our research focuses on celangulins, the development of rapid and sensitive online analytical methods to analyse and characterise them is of great significance.ObjectiveTo develop an HPLC‐DAD‐ESI‐MS/MS method capable of simple and rapid analysis of celangulins in crude extract of root bark of C. angulatus extracts.MethodologyHigh‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector and electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry was established for the efficient and rapid identification of the celangulins. Chromatographic separations of celangulins were performed on a Hypersil Gold C18 reverse‐phase column by gradient elution with acetonitrile–water as mobile phase at a flow‐rate 0.2 mL/min.ResultsESI/MS/MS analysis of sodium adduct ion ([M + Na]+) of each celangulin shows that all the celangulins produced very similar fragmentation profiles, and that the characteristic fragments at m/z 245, m/z 229 and m/z 231 were defined as the diagnostic ions for celangulins. Simultaneously, 46 components in the extracts of this plant were separated, and 36 of them were characterised as celangulins by online ESI/MS/MS and by comparing their retention times, UV and MS spectra with those of authentic compounds.ConclusionHPLC‐DAD‐ESI‐MS/MS was demonstrated to be a powerful tool for the characterisation of minor celangulins in complex samples. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calix[4]arene‐tetranitrone as crosslinker in dental composite materials
Authors: Tabatabai Monir , Garska Bernd , Moszner Norbert , Utterodt Andreas , Ritter Helmut 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of a functionalized calix[4]arene bearing 1,3‐dipolaric nitrone groups (5) has been carried out. The reaction of N‐methylhydroxylamine or N‐propylhydroxylamine with the carbonyl group of 5,11,7,23‐tetraformyl‐25,26,27,28‐tetraalkoxycalix[4]arene leads to calix[4]arenes bearing a nitrone function at each of the four para‐positions. Via 1,3‐dipolar cyclo‐addition of acrylic acid methyl ester with the nitrone functions of 5, subsequently an upper rim‐substituted tetraisoxalidinecalix[4]arene is quantitatively synthesized. Further, the minimization of shrinkage of a dental filling depending on the amount of calix[4]arene‐tetranitrone is discussed. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Metallocene ethylene‐co‐(5,7‐dimethylocta‐1, 6‐diene) copolymers crosslinked using electron beam irradiation: a tunable alternative
Authors: Cerrada María L , Benavente Rosario , Fernández‐García Marta , Pérez Ernesto , Campos João M , Ribeiro Rosário 
Published: April 2011

AbstractEthylene‐co‐(5,7‐dimethylocta‐1,6‐diene) copolymers with various 5,7‐dimethylocta‐1,6‐diene contents incorporate double bonds in the lateral chains that facilitate the development of crosslinkings in the resulting polymeric material after electron beam irradiation. As an effect of such irradiation, crystallization is delayed but crystallinity remains practically constant after melting and further cooling of irradiated specimens. Crystallinity, crystallite thickness and gel content are key parameters in the mechanical performance of these copolymers. Consequently, the controlled incorporation of non‐conjugated dienes into the polyethylene structure appears as an alternative strategy for tuning the mechanical response in crosslinked polyolefins. Moreover, the resulting materials exhibit good thermal stability. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Imprinted β‐cyclodextrin polymers using naringin as template
Authors: Ma Xiuling , Chen Zhen , Chen Riyao , Zheng Xi , Chen Xiao , Lan Ruifang 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe objective of this study was to identify a kind of molecular imprinting polymer (MIP) which was suitable for recognizing naringin (NG) in aqueous medium. Based on two crosslinkers (hexamethylene diisocyanate and epichlorohydrin) and two polymerization methods (solution polymerization and emulsion polymerization), four non‐covalent naringin‐β‐cyclodextrine (NG‐β‐CD) imprinted polymers were prepared by using β‐CD as a functional monomer and NG as a template molecule. The binding property and selectivity were evaluated by equilibrium binding experiments. These demonstrated that all the sites in the MIPs show good selective binding ability for NG from naringin dihydrochalcone, a structurally similar molecule. Of the four MIPs, rod‐like 3# MIP which was prepared by emulsion polymerization using hexamethylene diisocyanate as crosslinker exhibited the highest selectivity, its imprinting factor α being 1.53. Scatchard analysis of 3# MIP suggests that there are two classes of binding sites during the MIP's recognition of NG. Additionally, the 3# MIP could be used at least five times without any loss in sorption capacity. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
A simulation study towards a new concept for realization of thin film triple junction solar cells based on group IV elements
Authors: Feser C. , Lacombe J. , v. Maydell K. , Agert C. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTIn this paper, the theoretical efficiency of multi‐junction solar cells based on group IV elements has been investigated. The effects of different absorbing layer numbers, different band gap combinations, and temperature changes have been reviewed for multi‐spectral solar cells. Several simulations were done to identify the ideal band gap combination for triple‐junction solar cells. Based on these results and under consideration of actual material parameters, a new promising triple‐junction solar cell concept with a‐Si:H/µc‐Si:H/ and µc‐Ge:H has been found for developing high efficiency thin film solar cells. Additionally, advanced simulations were performed in order to evaluate the feasibility of this new concept. The photocurrent, the external quantum efficiency, and the layer thicknesses were simulated and evaluated. All parameters deliver promising results for a new triple‐junction solar cell concept with an intermediate reflector between the middle‐ and bottom structure. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteins in leaked amniotic fluid as biomarkers diagnostic for prelabor rupture of membranes
Authors: Wang Tao , Zhou Rong , Zhang Lin , Wang Yanyun , Song Chang ping , Lin Wei , Niu Xiaoyu , Lin Yong , Hu Huaizhong 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPurpose: Early diagnosis of prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM) is essential to protect mother and fetus from intra‐uterus infection and preterm birth. A simple and rapid bedside test would help clinicians confirm the diagnosis for early treatment.Experimental design: A protein array was used to screen cervical–vaginal fluid (CVF) and amniotic fluid (AF) samples collected from normal and PROM pregnant women. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantify two novel and potentially useful analytes, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (sICAM‐1) and Axl receptor tyrosine kinase (Axl).Results: The mean concentration of sICAM‐1 and Axl was 85 and 482 times higher separately in 30 healthy AF samples than in 110 CVF samples of normal pregnancies. Comparing 110 CVF samples of PROM/Preterm PROM with 110 CVF samples of normal pregnancies, the diagnostic value for PROM was demonstrated by their high sensitivity and specificity (96.4 and 92.7%, respectively, for sICAM‐1, and 92.4 and 90.4%, respectively, for Axl).Conclusions and clinical relevance: The results indicate that sICAM‐1 and Axl in AF leaked to vagina are sensitive and specific biomarkers for the diagnosis of PROM. Furthermore, sICAM‐1 or Axl can be developed into a rapid strip test for bedside use.
Extremal black hole flows and duality
Authors: Ceresole A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractExtremal black holes in extended supergravity theories can be obtained as solutions of first order flow equations even when they are not supersymmetric, provided one identifies a suitable superpotential W appearing in the effective potential, and driving the evolution of the scalar fields. W also gives the black hole horizon entropy and the ADM mass. We describe how classical U‐duality allows to determine W in many models and to classify both regular and singular solutions.
On the spectral properties of multi‐branes, M2 and M5 branes
Authors: Garcia del Moral M.P. , Restuccia A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn this note we summarize some of the properties found in [1–3]. We characterize spectral properties of the quantum mechanical hamiltonian of theories with fermionic degrees of freedom beyond semiclassical approximation. We obtain a general class of bosonic polynomial potentials for which the Schröedinger operator has a discrete spectrum. This class includes all the scalar potentials in membrane, 5‐brane, p‐branes, multiple M2 branes, BLG and ABJM theories. We also give a sufficient condition for discreteness of the spectrum for supersymmmetric and non supersymmetric theories with a fermionic contribution. We characterize then the spectral properties of different theories: the BMN matrix model, the supermembrane with central charges and a bound state of N D2 with m D0. We show that, while the first two models have a purely discrete spectrum with finite multiplicity, the latter has a continuous spectrum starting from a constant given in terms of the monopole charge.
High energy cosmic rays from decaying dark matter
Authors: Ibarra A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe discuss the implications of the excess in the total electron plus positron flux and the positron fraction reported by the Fermi and PAMELA collaborations, respectively, for the scenario of decaying dark matter. We also discuss the constraints on this scenario from measurements of other cosmic ray species and the predictions for the diffuse gamma ray flux and the neutrino flux. In particular, we expect a sizable dipole‐like anisotropy in the diffuse gamma‐ray flux which may be observed by the Fermi‐LAT in the near future.
Narrow resonances at the early LHC
Authors: Torre R. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe discuss the possibility to observe new resonances at the early LHC using a phenomenological approach. We show predictions for the production of a scalar in the gg‐channel and an heavy quark in the qg‐channel and we compare them with the recent results of the ATLAS and CMS experiments in the di‐jet channel, setting upper limits on the relevant couplings. We finally discuss the importance of the final states containing at least one photon making sensitivity predictions for the corresponding couplings.
The termiticidal activity of Sextonia rubra (Mez) van der Werff (Lauraceae) extract and its active constituent rubrynolide
Authors: Rodrigues Alice MS , Amusant Nadine , Beauchêne Jacques , Eparvier Véronique , Leménager Nicolas , Baudassé Christine , Espindola Laila S , Stien Didier 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Termites are degradation agents that inflict severe damage on wood. Some long‐lasting Amazonian trees can resist these insects by producing toxic secondary metabolites. These metabolites could potentially replace synthetic termiticidal products which are becoming more restricted to use.RESULTS: Sextonia rubra is resistant to termite‐induced degradation. It has been demonstrated that this species naturally produces an ethyl‐acetate‐soluble termiticidal metabolite, rubrynolide, to protect its wood. Assays in the presence of tropical and invasive termites established that both rubrynolide and crude ethyl acetate extract from S. rubra wood can be used as a treatment for the protection of sensitive woods against termites.CONCLUSION: Rubrynolide and S. rubra extract are promising candidates for the replacement of synthetic termiticides. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Development and evaluation of a new method for sampling and monitoring the symphylid population in pineapple
Authors: Soler Alain , Gaude Jean‐Marie , Marie‐Alphonsine Paul‐Alex , Vinatier Fabrice , Dole Bernard , Govindin Jean‐Claude , Fournier Patrick , Queneherve Patrick 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Symphylids (Hanseniella sp.) are polyphagous soilborne parasites. Today, symphylid populations on pineapple are monitored by observing root symptoms and the presence of symphylids at the bottom of basal leaves. The authors developed a reliable method with a bait and trap device to monitor symphylid populations in pineapple or fallow crops. The spatial distribution of the symphylid populations was evaluated using the variance/mean ratios and spatial analyses based on Moran's and Geary's indices. The method has been tested to monitor symphylid populations at different developmental stages of pineapple.RESULTS: Adding potato baits to the soil samples increased the trapping efficiency of symphylids when compared with ‘soil only’ and ‘bait only’ methods. The handling of the samples is also facilitated by the new device. Results showed that the vertical distribution of symphylids may be uniform deeply inside the soil profile under pineapple, up to 50 cm. Results showed that symphylid populations are highly aggregated, showing a spot area about 4–6 m wide for their development.CONCLUSION: The new method allows better and easier evaluation of symphylid populations. It may be very useful in the evaluation of new IPM methods to control symphylids under pineapple. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry