bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for neural stem cells in the medaka optic tectum proliferation zones
Authors: Alunni Alessandro , Hermel Jean‐Michel , Heuzé Aurélie , Bourrat Franck , Jamen Françoise , Joly Jean‐Stéphane 
Published: April 2010

AbstractFew adult neural stem cells have been characterized in vertebrates. Although teleosts continually generate new neurons in many regions of the brain after embryogenesis, only two types of neural stem cells (NSCs) have been reported in zebrafish: glial cells in the forebrain resembling mammalian NSCs, and neuroepithelial cells in the cerebellum. Here, following our previous studies on dividing progenitors (Nguyen et al. [1999]: J Comp Neurol 413:385–404.), we further evidenced NSCs in the optic tectum (OT) of juvenile and adult in the medaka, Oryzias latipes. To detect very slowly cycling progenitors, we did not use the commonly used BrdU/PCNA protocol, in which PCNA may not be present during a transiently quiescent state. Instead, we report the optimizations of several protocols involving long subsequent incubations with two thymidine analogs (IdU and CldU) interspaced with long chase times between incubations. These protocols allowed us to discriminate and localize fast and slow cycling cells in OT of juvenile and adult in the medaka. Furthermore, we showed that adult OT progenitors are not glia, as they express neither brain lipid‐binding protein (BLBP) nor glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). We also showed that expression of pluripotency‐associated markers (Sox2, Musashi1 and Bmi1) colocalized with OT progenitors. Finally, we described the spatio‐temporally ordered population of NSCs and progenitors in the medaka OT. Hence, the medaka appears as an invaluable model for studying neural progenitors that will open the way to further exciting comparative studies of neural stem cells in vertebrates. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 70: 693–713, 2010
Protein kinase C regulates mitochondrial targeting of Nur77 and its family member Nor‐1 in thymocytes undergoing apoptosis
Authors: Thompson Jennifer , Burger Megan L. , Whang Hannah , Winoto Astar 
Published: April 2010

AbstractNur77 orphan steroid receptor and its family member Nor‐1 are required for apoptosis of developing T cells. In thymocytes, signals from the TCR complex induce Nur77 and Nor‐1 expression followed by translocation from the nucleus to mitochondria. Nur77 and Nor‐1 associate with Bcl‐2 in the mitochondria, resulting in a conformation change that exposes the Bcl‐2 BH3 domain, a presumed pro‐apoptotic molecule of Bcl‐2. As Nur77 and Nor‐1 are heavily phosphorylated, we examined the requirement of Nur77 and Nor‐1 phosphorylation in mitochondria translocation and Bcl‐2 BH3 exposure. We found that HK434, a PKC agonist, in combination with calcium ionophore, can induce Nur77 and Nor‐1 phosphorylation, translocation, Bcl‐2 BH3 exposure and thymocyte apoptosis. Inhibitors of both classical and novel forms of PKC were able to block this process. In contrast, only the general but not classical PKC‐specific inhibitors were able to block the same process initiated by PMA, a commonly used PKC agonist. These data demonstrate a differential activation of PKC isoforms by PMA and HK434 in thymocytes, and show the importance of PKC in mitochondria translocation of Nur77/Nor‐1 and Bcl‐2 conformation change during TCR‐induced thymocyte apoptosis.
Enzymatic acyl modification of phosphatidylcholine using immobilized lipase and phospholipase A2
Authors: More Haresh T. , Pandit Aniruddha B. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractEthanol‐soluble (ES) lecithin mainly contains phosphatidylcholine (PC). The incorporation of caprylic acid into PC using immobilized phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and lipase was investigated. The Rhizomucor meihei lipase and the porcine pancreatic PLA2 were immobilized on the hydrophobic resin Diaion HP‐20 and the modification was carried out in hexane as solvent. HPTLC with densitometer technique was successfully used for monitoring the production of structured phospholipids (PL) (ML‐type PC, MM‐type PC, and lysophosphatidylcholine; L: long‐chain fatty acid, M: medium‐chain fatty acid). The various parameters such as the effects of reaction temperature, enzyme loading, and the effect of molar proportion of substrate were studied in order to determine the optimum reaction conditions for the acidolysis reaction. The optimal operating conditions for the PLA2‐catalyzed reaction were obtained as 50°C temperature, 50% (wt/wt of substrate) enzyme loading, and a 1:12 molar proportion of PC/caprylic acid. For the lipase‐catalyzed reaction, the optimized temperature was the same as for PLA2, but the enzyme loading and molar proportion were slightly lower, i.e., 40 % w/w of substrate and 1:9 PC/caprylic acid, respectively. The effects of these parameters on the production of structured PL were compared. Under these optimal conditions, the ML‐type PC content was higher in the PLA2‐catalyzed reaction, i.e., 45.29 mol%, and in the lipase‐catalyzed reaction it was 38.74 mol%.
Oxidative stability of fish oil‐enriched mayonnaise‐based salads
Authors: Sørensen Ann‐Dorit Moltke , Nielsen Nina Skall , Jacobsen Charlotte 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe oxidative stability of fish oil‐enriched mayonnaise‐based salads and the influence of different vegetables in shrimp and tuna salads were evaluated. Moreover, the lipid oxidation in the presence of 1% oregano, rosemary, or thyme in fish oil‐enriched tuna salad was assessed. The results obtained showed that the mayonnaise itself was more oxidatively stable without vegetables and tuna or shrimp, in spite of the higher oil content in mayonnaise (63 and 6.3% fish oil, respectively) compared to salads (∼24 and 2.4% fish oil, respectively). Surprisingly, the fish oil‐enriched mayonnaise was only significantly different from the standard mayonnaise in the volatile concentration during the end of storage. In fish oil‐enriched shrimp salad, asparagus had an anti‐oxidative effect and shrimp a pro‐oxidative effect, where the anti‐oxidative effect of asparagus was strong enough to prevent the pro‐oxidative effect of shrimp. The effect of ingredients in tuna salads was inconclusive, possibly due to a high content of volatiles in the vegetables themselves. However, the addition of spices increased the oxidative stability of tuna salad (oregano>rosemary>thyme).
Chemometric analysis of combined NIR and MIR spectra to characterize French olives
Authors: Dupuy Nathalie , Galtier Oswin , Le Dréau Yveline , Pinatel Christian , Kister Jacky , Artaud Jacques 
Published: April 2010

AbstractChemometric treatment of near‐infrared (NIR) and mid‐infrared (MIR) combined spectra was used firstly to predict oil and water contents in fresh olive fruit samples (n = 223) and secondly to classify these samples into five principal French cultivar origins (Aglandau, Cailletier, Olivière, Salonenque, and Tanche). The study was carried out during four crop years (2005/2006 to 2008/2009) to take into account the seasonal variations. The comparison of the results obtained in the combined range (REP = 2.6% for the water content and 3.5% for the oil content) provides an obvious advantage compared to the NIR and MIR techniques used separately. Fresh olive fruit cultivars were satisfactorily classified with the partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) method in the combined range. After use of theK‐means clustering on the PLS‐DA scores, all the samples were well classified into their five groups of origin. The use of infrared combined spectra allows a considerable improvement in estimating olive fruit quality (oil and water contents, varietal origins).
New Enzymatic Two‐Step Cascade Reaction for the Preparation of a Key Intermediate for the Taxol Side‐Chain
Authors: Forró Enikő , Fülöp Ferenc 
Published: April 2010

AbstractEnzymatic strategies are reported for the synthesis of (2R,3S)‐3‐amino‐2‐hydroxy‐3‐phenylpropionic acid (ee > 98 %), a key intermediate of the side‐chain of Taxol®, by enzymatic hydrolysis in organic media. The new enzymatic cascade reaction, which took place through Candida antarctica lipase B‐catalysed deacylation followed by lactam ring‐opening of racemic cis‐3‐acetoxy‐4‐phenylazetidin‐2‐one with H2O in iPr2O at 60 °C, resulted in two different enantiopure products (ee ≥ 98 %), one of them being the desired key intermediate for the side‐chain of Taxol®.
Synthesis of poly(N, N‐dimethylacrylamide)‐block‐poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly(N, N‐dimethylacrylamide) and its application for separation of proteins by capillary zone electrophoresis
Authors: Xu Jing , Yang Lianyun , Luo Zhaofeng , Wang Yanmei 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA series of well‐defined triblock copolymers, poly(N, N‐dimethylacrylamide)‐block‐poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly(N, N‐dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA‐b‐PEO‐b‐PDMA) synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization, were used as physical coatings for protein separation. A comparative study of EOF showed that the triblock copolymer presented good capillary coating ability and EOF efficient suppression. The effects of the Mr of PDMA block in PDMA‐b‐PEO‐b‐PDMA triblock copolymer and buffer pH on the separation of basic protein for CE were investigated. Moreover, the influence of the copolymer structure on separation of basic protein was studied by comparing the performance of PDMA‐b‐PEO‐b‐PDMA triblock copolymer with PEO‐b‐PDMA diblock copolymer. Furthermore, the triblock copolymer coating showed higher separation efficiency and better migration time repeatability than fused‐silica capillary when used in protein mixture separation and milk powder samples separation, respectively. The results demonstrated that the triblock copolymer coatings would have a wide application in the field of protein separation.
Oligodendrocytes in mouse corpus callosum are coupled via gap junction channels formed by connexin47 and connexin32
Authors: Maglione Marta , Tress Oliver , Haas Brigitte , Karram Khalad , Trotter Jacqueline , Willecke Klaus , Kettenmann Helmut 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAccording to previously published ultrastructural studies, oligodendrocytes in white matter exhibit gap junctions with astrocytes, but not among each other, while in vitro oligodendrocytes form functional gap junctions. We have studied functional coupling among oligodendrocytes in acute slices of postnatal mouse corpus callosum. By whole‐cell patch clamp we dialyzed oligodendrocytes with biocytin, a gap junction‐permeable tracer. On average 61 cells were positive for biocytin detected by labeling with streptavidin‐Cy3. About 77% of the coupled cells stained positively for the oligodendrocyte marker protein CNPase, 9% for the astrocyte marker GFAP and 14% were negative for both CNPase and GFAP. In the latter population, the majority expressed Olig2 and some NG2, markers for oligodendrocyte precursors. Oligodendrocytes are known to express Cx47, Cx32 and Cx29, astrocytes Cx43 and Cx30. In Cx47‐deficient mice, the number of coupled cells was reduced by 80%. Deletion of Cx32 or Cx29 alone did not significantly reduce the number of coupled cells, but coupling was absent in Cx32/Cx47‐double‐deficient mice. Cx47‐ablation completely abolished coupling of oligodendrocytes to astrocytes. In Cx43‐deficient animals, oligodendrocyte‐astrocyte coupling was still present, but coupling to oligodendrocyte precursors was not observed. In Cx43/Cx30‐double deficient mice, oligodendrocyte‐to‐astrocyte coupling was almost absent. Uncoupled oligodendrocytes showed a higher input resistance. We conclude that oligodendrocytes in white matter form a functional syncytium predominantly among each other dependent on Cx47 and Cx32 expression, while astrocytic connexins expression can promote the size of this network. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
NO mediates microglial response to acute spinal cord injury under ATP control in vivo
Authors: Dibaj Payam , Nadrigny Fabien , Steffens Heinz , Scheller Anja , Hirrlinger Johannes , Schomburg Eike D. , Neusch Clemens , Kirchhoff Frank 
Published: April 2010

AbstractTo understand the pathomechanisms of spinal cord injuries will be a prerequisite to develop efficient therapies. By investigating acute lesions of spinal cord white matter in anesthetized mice with fluorescently labeled microglia and axons using in vivo two‐photon laser‐scanning microscopy (2P‐LSM), we identified the messenger nitric oxide (NO) as a modulator of injury‐activated microglia. Local tissue damages evoked by high‐power laser pulses provoked an immediate attraction of microglial processes. Spinal superfusion with NO synthase and guanylate cyclase inhibitors blocked these extensions. Furthermore, local injection of the NO‐donor spermine NONOate (SPNO) or the NO‐dependent second messenger cGMP induced efficient migration of microglial cells toward the injection site. High‐tissue levels of NO, achieved by uniform superfusion with SPNO and mimicking extended tissue damage, resulted in a fast conversion of the microglial shape from ramified to ameboid indicating cellular activation. When the spinal white matter was preconditioned by increased, ambient ATP (known as a microglial chemoattractant) levels, the attraction of microglial processes to local NO release was augmented, whereas it was abolished at low levels of tissue ATP. Because both signaling molecules, NO and ATP, mediate acute microglial reactions, coordinated pharmacological targeting of NO and purinergic pathways will be an effective mean to influence the innate immune processes after spinal cord injury. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo expression of neuroglobin in reactive astrocytes during neuropathology in murine models of traumatic brain injury, cerebral malaria, and autoimmune encephalitis
Authors: DellaValle Brian , Hempel Casper , Kurtzhals Jørgen A. L. , Penkowa Milena 
Published: April 2010

AbstractNeuroglobin (Ngb) is proposed to be a neuron‐specific, hypoxia‐responsive, neuroprotective protein. However, results are conflicting concerning both Ngb's physiological and pathological significance. This study was designed to investigate the in vivo localization and regulation of Ngb in different neuropathological models representing traumatic injury, infectious, autoimmune, and excitotoxic pathogeneses. We profiled Ngb immunohistochemistry in murine models of traumatic brain injury, cerebral malaria, experimental autoimmune encephalitis, and kainic acid (KA)‐mediated epileptic seizures that, to our knowledge, have not been studied in the context of Ngb. In control mice Ngb was expressed exclusively in neurons. In all pathological models except KA, in addition to neurons Ngb was present in reactive astrocytes. Ngb positive astrocytes were found within regions associated with most severe pathology and the astroglial scar. This is the first report of Ngb present in reactive astroglia and in scar‐forming astrocytes in response to different pathological conditions relevant to human disease. In light of previously reported cyto‐protective properties of Ngb, further insight may result in therapeutic ramifications. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detecting prodromal Alzheimer's disease in mild cognitive impairment: utility of the CAMCOG and other neuropsychological predictors
Authors: Gallagher Damien , Mhaolain Aine Ni , Coen Robert , Walsh Cathal , Kilroy Dana , Belinski Kate , Bruce Irene , Coakley Davis , Walsh J.B. , Cunningham Conal , Lawlor Brian A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe Cambridge cognitive examination (CAMCOG) is a mini neuropsychological battery which is well established and widely used. The utility of the CAMCOG in detecting prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has not been determined. The objectives of this study are: to establish which subtests of cognitive domains contained within the CAMCOG are predictive of conversion to AD, to compare these with an extended version of the delayed word recall (DWR) test and to establish optimal cut points for all measures used.Methods182 patients with MCI were identified from consecutive referrals to a memory clinic. Logistic regression, cox regression and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses were conducted.ResultsThe DWR displayed the best sensitivity (77%) and specificity (76%). The composite memory score contained within the CAMCOG achieved similar sensitivity (78%) and specificity (74%). The recognition component of the extended DWR demonstrated good specificity (85%) but poor sensitivity (57%). The optimal predictive model combined category fluency with the DWR and achieved predictive accuracy of 83%.ConclusionThe DWR, which is a test specifically designed to have high predictive accuracy for AD, performed best. The composite measure of memory contained within the CAMCOG performed similarly well. The DWR has the advantage of being brief, easy to administer and suitable for use in non‐specialist settings. The CAMCOG takes longer to administer but provides information regarding additional cognitive domains and is sensitive to change over time. Category fluency may be usefully combined with the DWR to improve predictive accuracy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alkylating esterification of 1‐hydroxy‐3‐phospholene oxides under solventless MW conditions
Authors: Bálint Erika , Jablonkai Erzsébet , Bálint Mária , Keglevich György 
Published: April 2010

Abstract1‐Alkoxy‐3‐phospholene 1‐oxides were synthesized by the alkylating esterification of the corresponding 1‐hydroxy derivatives under phase transfer catalytic, microwave, and solventless conditions using alkyl halides as the reactants and potassium carbonate as the base. In the case of alkylating agents of increased reactivity, there was no need for the use of phase transfer catalyst. Regarding the phosphinic acids, the 3‐methyl‐3‐phospholene oxides were more reactive than the 3,4‐dimethyl derivatives. Applying cesium carbonate, isomerization of the 3‐phospholene oxide to the 2‐phospholene also took place. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 21:211–214, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20596
Synthesis, structure, and antibacterial evaluation of new N‐substituted‐3‐amino‐ 5‐oxo‐4‐phenyl‐2,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazole‐1‐carbothioamides
Authors: Pitucha Monika , Mazur Liliana , Kosikowska Urszula , Pachuta‐Stec Anna , Malm Anna , Popiołek Łukasz , Rza̧czyńska Zofia 
Published: April 2010

AbstractNovel N‐substituted‐3‐amino‐5‐oxo‐4‐phenyl‐2,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazole‐1‐carbothioamide derivatives were synthesized by means of two methods. First is the cyclization reaction of 1‐(cyanophenyl)acetyl‐4‐substituted thiosemicarbazide, and the second one is reaction of cyanophenyl acetic acid hydrazide with isothiocyanate. Structures of new compounds were confirmed by elemental analysis, 1H NMR, and X‐ray diffraction analysis. Biological evaluation showed that some of them possess promising antibacterial activities. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 21:215–221, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20598
Sleep and infant learning
Authors: Tarullo Amanda R. , Balsam Peter D. , Fifer William P. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractHuman neonates spend the majority of their time sleeping. Despite the limited waking hours available for environmental exploration, the first few months of life are a time of rapid learning about the environment. The organization of neonate sleep differs qualitatively from adult sleep, and the unique characteristics of neonatal sleep may promote learning. Sleep contributes to infant learning in multiple ways. First, sleep facilitates neural maturation, thereby preparing the infants to process and explore the environment in increasingly sophisticated ways. Second, sleep plays a role in memory consolidation of material presented while the infant was awake. Finally, emerging evidence indicates that infants process sensory stimuli and learn about contingencies in their environment even while asleep. As infants make the transition from reflexive to cortically mediated control, learned responses to physiological challenges during sleep may be critical adaptations to promote infant survival. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assembly factors of human mitochondrial complex I and their defects in disease
Authors: Mckenzie Matthew , Ryan Michael T. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractNADH‐ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) is a large, multimeric enzyme complex involved in the generation of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. Complex I is comprised of 45 subunits which must be assembled together in a coordinated process to form the mature holoenzyme. In recent years, much progress has been made into understanding how complex I is assembled and the work provides potential insights into the biogenesis of other multisubunit membrane complexes. For complex I assembly to proceed effectively, a group of proteins termed “assembly factors” are required. A number of these assembly factors have now been identified and characterized; however, their exact roles in complex I biogenesis are not yet fully understood. This review summarizes the current model of human complex I assembly and the roles played by different assembly factors at early, mid, and late assembly stages. Defects in assembly factors which disrupt complex I assembly and contribute to human disease pathogenesis will also be discussed. © 2010 IUBMB IUBMB Life 62(7): 497–502, 2010
Mechanism of high‐power NIR laser bacteria inactivation
Authors: Hibst Raimund , Graser Rainer , Udart Martin , Stock Karl 
Published: April 2010

AbstractLasers are used in dentistry for a variety of indications. One of these is the disinfection of root canals or the sterilization of residual caries. Many studies have demonstrated the capacity to kill bacteria for lasers but the fundamental mechanism of the laser effect remains quite unclear. With our experiments we wanted to determine whether high‐power NIR laser bacterial killing is caused by the light itself (photochemical effect) or by a photothermal process. In order to differentiate between mechanisms we heated bacteria suspensions of a nonpathogenic strain of E. coli by a water bath and by a diode laser (940 nm) with the same temporal temperature course. Furthermore, bacteria suspensions were irradiated while the temperature was fixed by ice water. Killing of bacteria was measured via fluorescence labelling. Comparison of killing rates between laser and water‐based heating shows no significant differences. The most important parameter is the maximum temperature. Laser irradiation of bacteria at low temperatures does not result in killing. Our experiments show that at least for E. coli bacteria inactivation by high‐power laser irradiation is solely based on a thermal process. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Splenic rupture in a plasma cell leukemia, mobilized with G‐CSF for autologous stem cell transplant
Authors: Funes Consuelo , Garcia‐Candel Faustino , Majado Maria Juliana , González‐García Consuelo , Bas Agueda , Salido Eduardo , Moraleda Jose M. , Morales Alfonso 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSplenic rupture (SR) is a rare adverse event observed in patients treated with G‐CSF as a peripheral hematopoietic stem cell (PHSC) mobilizing agent, mostly in myeloma multiple and amiloidosis; to date, to our knowledge, it has not been previously described in plasma‐cell leukemia (PCL). We report a case of a woman with PCL, who presented a SR after PHSC mobilization with Cyclophosphamide+G‐CSF. The spleen removed showed hematopoietic foci and amiloid material. In the course of a second mobilization, 2 months after, the patient died from sepsis. We considered it important to report this case, in order to keep in mind the possibility of SR in patients with malignant gammopathy. J. Clin. Apheresis 25:223–225, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.