bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of Zirconium Alloys in Light Water Reactors with a Review of Nodular Corrosion
Authors: Franklin David G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper provides historical context and future direction on selected contributions to understanding zirconium-alloy deformation and corrosion in light water reactors. More detailed discussion of the relative importance of electrochemical potential and hydrogen pickup on nodular corrosion is provided. Since nodular corrosion was observed about 50 years ago, several explanations have been proposed. None have explained all the observations, especially the sharp transition between nodular-free and nodular-covered regions of some fuel rods, with the transition being reversed between high- and low-power regions. However, the effect of electrochemical potential dominates any effects of hydrogen, other than the effect of hydrogen on electrochemical potential.
Design of the Forth replacement crossing, Scotland
Authors: Carter Matt , Kite Steve , Hussain Naeem , Minto Billy 
Published: July 2010

The Forth replacement crossing will be built across the Firth of Forth in Scotland to maintain and enhance a vital transport link in the country. The wide estuary will be crossed by a pair of 650 m main spans over the two navigation channels, with crossing stay cables employed to stabilise the central tower – a unique design feature for a bridge of this scale. The project aims to provide a fitting twenty-first century icon standing alongside existing nineteenth and twentieth century grade A listed bridges. A statutory consultation process is currently under way, with competitive dialogue taking place throughout 2010. Construction will commence in 2011 and the bridge is expected to be completed in 2016.
Air Evacuation Operations
Authors: Robertson Stephen , Griffith Donald 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFederally supplied aircraft has been and can be an effective means of supplementing surface transportation modes for moving people who need assistance in evacuation prior to a disaster. It is easily integrated into a multi‐modal mass evacuation transportation system. Planning and execution of air evacuations in Louisiana and Texas will be reviewed as well as future concepts for catastrophic disasters such as a New Madrid earthquake. Key components and processes essential to successful implantation of an air evacuation plan will be identified and discussed.
Financial Sector Incentives, Bailouts, Moral Hazard, Systemic Risk, and Reforms
Authors: Yeh Stuart S 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article proposes a mechanism for injecting government funds as needed to restore financial stability during a crisis while ensuring that any taxpayer rescue funds that a firm is unable to repay serve to trigger individual financial losses for the financial industry professionals who were responsible for the lost taxpayer funds. This mechanism involves bonds that convert to equity after five years, in combination with regulations requiring that a significant portion of compensation must be deferred and paid in the form of stock options whose value would depend on the safety of decisions made in prior years. This mechanism is analyzed using a model of systemic risk and calculations of the magnitude of incentives to reduce risk.
Seasonal Changes in Activity, Sex Composition and Areal of the Tick Ixodes ricinus (Acari, Ixodida) in the Landscape-Geographical Regions of Ukraine
Authors: Akimov I. , Nebogatkin I. 
Published: July 2010

Seasonal Changes in Activity, Sex Composition and Areal of the Tick Ixodes ricinus (Acari, Ixodida) in the Landscape-Geographical Regions of Ukraine
Data on seasonal activity of adults, nymphs and larvae of the sheep tick Ixodes ricinus Linnaeus are presented based on examination of our own collections for the period from 1977 to 2001 and archival materials for the period from 1953 to 2000, as well as data on changes in its natural habitat that now covers the whole territory of Ukraine. The period of activity in I. ricinus imagoes becomes longer from north to south and from west to east. In Ukrainian populations of I. ricinus, females slightly dominate (on average 52.44 ± 0.55%). The seasonal differences in the sex ratio are as follows: males are more abundant in springtime, females - in autumn. Significantly larger numbers of females (on average 52-60%) are registered on population peaks, and larger numbers of males - on their decrease.
Life Cycle of the Trematode Notocotylus intestinalis (Digenea, Notocotylidae) under Natural Conditions in Primorye Region (Russia)
Authors: Besprozvannykh V. 
Published: July 2010

Life Cycle of the Trematode Notocotylus intestinalis (Digenea, Notocotylidae) under Natural Conditions in Primorye Region (Russia)
The redia, cercaria, adolescaria and adult trematodes Notocotylus intestinalis Tubangui, 1932 are described. It was established that under natural conditions of Primorye Region, the first intermediate hosts of this trematode are snails Parafossarulus manchouricus and P. spiridonovi. Adult worms were grown in the chicken.
Étude d'un lot de mobilier du Néolithique moyen II d'affinité nord-orientale découvert à Lapalisse (Allier) / Study of a set of ceramics dating from mid Neolithic age II, showing north-eastern affinity, discovered at Lapalisse (Allier)
Authors: Liegard Sophie , Urgal Alain , Fourvel Alain , Liégard Denis 
Published: July 2010

The site of Chez Duret at Lapalisse was the object of an exploratory pre-digging, in 1996, which
made it possible to collect an important set of mid neolithic ceramics. This ceramics presents forms inherited from the chassean culture, but the list denotes a very strong north-eastern influence, especially from the Burgundian Mid Neolithic group (N.M.B.).
Lugdunum en territoire Ségusiave : les limites occidentales de la colonie retrouvées ? / Lugdunum in Segusiavan territory : western limits of the refund colony
Authors: Celli Pascal , Garraud Colette , Litaudon Jean-Claude , Cervantes Serge 
Published: July 2010

La découverte d'un fanum en prospection - dans le prolongement de prospections de grande
ampleur - entre Saint-Chamond (42) et les abords de Lyon (69) a amené, par recoupement, à mettre en valeur la zone frontière séparant la colonie de Lyon à l'ouest du territoire Ségusiave, territoire aux dépens duquel elle s'est étendue. Cette étude a été réalisée en confrontant différents critères d'ordre topographique, toponymique et archéologique (prospections ciblées et complémentaires).
Une occupation mésolithique du boréal dans la vallée de l'Oise : le site des "Prés-Saint-Laurent" à Beaumont-sur-Oise (Val d'Oise) / A mesolithic occupation in the Oise valley of the boreal: the «Pré-Saint-Laurent» at Beaumont-sur-Oise (Val-d'Oise)
Authors: Souffi Bénédicte 
Published: July 2010

L'occupation à l'époque mésolithique du site des "Prés-Saint-Laurent" à Beaumont-sur-Oise est
attestée par la présence de 52 armatures caractéristiques et confirmée par l'abondance de restes bruts issus d'un débitage lamellaire. L'occupation semble se rattacher au stade moyen du Mésolithique (Boréal) par la présence d'armatures typiques (pointes à base retouchée et géométriques), et en raison de l'absence d'armatures relatives à un Mésolithique récent (absence de trapèzes et feuilles de gui) et de témoins d'un débitage de type Montbani. Ce dernier point confère une certaine cohérence chronologique à la série, à l'échelle du Boréal. L'objectif principal de cet article est de présenter les caractéristiques chrono-culturelles de cette occupation mésolithique dont la durée sera toutefois difficile à déterminer (occupation unique de longue durée ou succession d'occupations courtes saisonnières). Cette présentation se fera principalement à partir de l'assemblage d'armatures, cohérent sur le plan typologique et considéré comme le moins ambigu, face à la présence intrusive de quelques éléments néolithiques et paléolithiques.
L'enclos cultuel de Corent (Puy-de-Dôme) : festins et rites collectifs / The ritual enclosure of Corent (Puy-de- Dôme) : feasting and ceremonials
Authors: Poux Matthieu , Deberge Yann , Foucras Sylvain , Gasc Julie , Pasquier Dorian , Guichard Vincent , Malacher Fernand 
Published: July 2010

Renewed excavations on the sanctuary of Corent have revealed a rectangular enclosure, preceding
a monumental gallery from the roman period. The ditches produced many finds, mainly sheep bones and amphorae sherds dating back to the 1st Century B.C. (La Tène D2). Such deposits characterise, better than weapons or coins, cultual activities punctuated by public feasts with animal sacrifices and wine libations. The parallel with recent discoveries brings to light a new pattern of gallic sanctuary, specifically dedicated to feasting. Detailed study of the deposits allows a precise analysis of these ceremonials. Their relationship with other objects (weapons, ceramic and metal vessels, coins, tokens, rings, brooches...) reveals the role they played in the political organisation and evolution of the Arverni territory in the late Iron Age. Probably founded in the 2nd century B.C., the enclosure was removed during the roman Conquest to make room for the monumental development of the sanctuary, that lasted until the 3rd century A.D.
L'amérique et ses pauvres, de Roosevelt à Reagan
Authors: Kaspi André 
Published: July 2010

America and its poor, from Roosevelt to Reagan, André Kaspi
While Roosevelt's New Deal seemed promised to eternity, the economic crisis has led to a rejection of the costly beneflts of the Welfare State. The author tells its history, that of the heroic times of the 1930s when the government created it from scratch, and that of the 1960s, when prosperity recovered made the scandal of mass poverty unbearable to J. Kennedy. This led to legislation which modified substantially the social landscape in the United States. Today, the President no longer has a free hand . Welfare is denigrated, but poverty is still the « throbbing pain » of such a rich country.
Le parti communiste français à l'épreuve des années noires
Authors: Azéma Jean-Pierre 
Published: July 2010

The French Communist Party during the ordeal of the dark years, Jean-Pierre Azéma.
Recent French publications and yet unpublished communications to a colloquium held in Paris in October 1983 indicate the progress in research on a particularly difflcult and still very contentious period in the history of the French Communist Party : that which started after Munich (1938) and ended with the laun-ching of the National Front (1941). The Party's geography and membership are better known. When it was hit by the war, the Party was losing momentum, but in the autumn of 1941, with 10 to 12,000 devoted militants, it was still the main organized force. The value of its cadres and the strength of its social roots can be perceived better. But divergent interpretations of its strategic line (whether dictated by the Komintern, or continually responsive to the theme of national independence) do not yet make it possible to give a clear answers to the central questions : when, why and how did the French Communist Party join the Resistance ?
C'est un très périlleux héritage que guerre
Authors: Contamine Philippe 
Published: July 2010

«A very perilous heritage is war»
Philippe Contamine.
The medieval millennium is perceived as a long era of violence, with punitive expeditions and private wars as the most spectacular feature of the feudal System. Despite the efforts of the Church and later of the royal power, public insecurity could long be confused with the state of war in the modem sense. The major conflicts of the Middle Ages, and particularly the Hundred Years' War, caused real traumas among the people and disturbed the balance of society and power. Nevertheless, all things considered, the effects of the wars do not appear so negative. In the 14th and 15th centuries, the comparison between devastated France and better protected England is not so unfavourable to the country of Joan of Arc.
L'évolution à long terme de la nationalisation en France
Authors: Bauchet Pierre 
Published: July 2010

The long term evolution of French nationalization, Pierre Bauchet.
A point by point comparison of the nationalizations of the 1930s, of 1945-1946 and of 1982 shows the originality of those of the Liberation. Their motives were in keeping with pre-war hopes. The urgency of a purge and the political conditions of the country helped to make them well accepted, and the management methods of the new national firms were to set the way for others. Today, however, the idea of nationalization is in a crisis. Having gone in 1982 beyond the limits set in 1945, France might do well to ponder : should there be denationalization ?
Vienne fin de siècle
Authors: Pollak Michael 
Published: July 2010

Vienna at the end of last century. The limits of the historic example, Michael Pollak.
The cultural flowering of Vienna at the end of the 19th century fascinates many historians. They try to elucidate the apparent contradiction between the political decline of the Empire, undermined by the powerlessness of authoritarianism as of liberalism, ready to sink under the shock of the First world war, and the extraordinary artistic, literary, and philosophic flowering of its capital. Searching for their cultural identity, writers, journalists, and artists contributed to the glow and influence of a nation which was playing a lesser economic and diplomatic role. Is it proper to use this historical case to make a parallel with situations which are different in time and space, such as the United States in the 1970s? In history, what are the limits of historic example ?
Mickey go home !
Authors: Ory Pascal 
Published: July 2010

Mickey go home! The de-Americanization of the comic strip (1945-1950), Pascal Ory.
American cultural hegemony, which had reached France even before the Second World War, became more marked after 1945. In the case of the comic strip, a Francophone tradition succeeded in resisting the influence of American funnies. Thanks to protectionist legislation, a «moderate synthesis», joining moralism and modernity inspired by Catholic movements, managed to impose a style, a « clean line », which long ensured the reputation of a French-Belgian school (Herge, Jacobs, Franquin, etc.) at the expense of American heroes.
La micro-informatique en territoire historien
Authors: Zysberg André , Rousso Henry 
Published: July 2010

Micro-data processing in the historians' territory. A talk with Andre Zysherg.
In the 1960s, heavy data processing invaded the historians' territory but change basically neither the topics nor the methods of history. While it undoubtedly made a contribution, its results are nevertheless negative on the whole. Today, micro data processing makes it possible to have greater and easier access to certain efficient techniques. But historians must learn to recognize the objective limits of such a to and not rely only on the computer to improve their research.
Le fascisme italien et la vision du futur
Authors: Milza Pierre 
Published: July 2010

Italian fascism and the vision of the future, Pierre Milza
Mussolini's vision of the future was primarily a banal imperialist plan : fascist Italy would break out of the bars of the " Mediterranean prison " and would surge forward, great among the greats of the 21st century, on to the ocean and towards India. Already in 1937, in a draft by Il Duce, Europa 2000, there were totalitarian omens : the appeal for more births and the plan of " cultural revolution " were meant to fashion a "new man ". But how could the very conservative official ideal of an Imperial Roman soldier-laborer be reconciled with the indispensable futurism of such geopolitics ? Only war, Mussolini thought, could resolve this contradiction.
Lectures sur les avenirs flous de la longue crise
Authors: Bouvier Jean 
Published: July 2010

Reading on the hazy futures of the long crisis, Jean Bouvier
Since 1973, the world economy has settled into the long crisis which tolls the end of our intellectual haughtiness. The crisis had not been foreseen in the scenarios of the future worked out at the time growth. Nevertheless, however flawed, economic forecasting, probability, and futurology are indispensable. Futurology, above all, which attempts to organize the unpredictable by transforming an imprecise future into a multitude of possible futures. To challenge this — an easy task when one rereads, as the author does, the most recent works — does not preclude making hypotheses for the end of the 1980s. In France, they can be summed up in three fateful terms : low growth, unemployment, inflation.
Vichy, le grand fossé
Authors: Rousso Henry 
Published: July 2010

Vichy, the big split, Henry Rousso
The Vichy regime undoubtedly was the result of a specific crisis, the prisoner of a war contingency. However, the Marshal Pétain's regime purposely played on the old wounds which split the French, those of the 1930s as well as older ones, such as the Dreyfus affair or even that of 1789. It is very much the archetype of the Franco-French wars. More proof of that is to be found in the conflicts which it produced after 1945, at the time of the Cold War, under de Gaulle, and again at the present time.
Les progrès du consensus
Authors: Rémond René 
Published: July 2010

The progress of consensus, René Rémond
The France of dissension so visible, should not hide the France of agreement conquered step by step. Through crises and clashes, France has learned some minimal rules which shore up democracy. Physical violence and extremism have retreated ; indifference toward religion has put on end to some old quarrels ; the electorate has become more homogeneous. With the passing of time, from one century to another, France has in disagreement learned democracy and made, limping along, progress in national consensus.
Marseille, ville de migrations
Authors: Témime Emile 
Published: July 2010

Marseille, a city of immigration, Emile Témime.
Marseille, a city of ail dangers ? National fancy quickly associates insecurity and immigration. To retrace the history of the migratory waves which reached the shores of the Phocaean city is to try, beyond successive stereotypes to reconstitute the phenomenon of sedimentation in this crossroads and asylum city. And to ask questions about the effect of these waves on Marseille's population and urban space.
L'immigration maghrébine en France
Authors: Ageron Charles-Robert 
Published: July 2010

North African immigration in France : a historical overview, Charles-Robert Ageron.
The number of North Africans now living in France equals that of the Europeans present in North Africa at the end of the colonial period. Starting from this " ruse of history ", the author recalls some obvious facts which seem to have been forgotten in the present discussion on immigration. Until 1959, the massive importation of North African workers did not stem from calculations of business leaders or French officials. Conversely, it was not only under-development, under-employment and overpopulation which made so many North Africans cross the Mediterranean : imagination also played its role ; the call of the " paradise of man " excited the social mobility of these people. Everything changed in the 1950s, when immigration became a family process of a permanent nature and the French realized this alteration.
L'évolution des attitudes politiques des immigrés maghrébins
Authors: Leveau Rémy , Wihtol de Wenden Catherine 
Published: July 2010

The changing political attitudes of North African immigrants, Rémy Leveau, Catherine Wihtol de Wenden.
From 1925 to 1962, the thirst for independence took the place of other political demands for the North African, mostly Algerian, immigrants in France. But since Algeria's independence, in the winding context of Franco-Algerian relations, these immigrants have experienced a painful double break : with their fatherland, to which they will not return ; with their second country, which offers them a precarious status. However, since 1968, their installation in the heart of production and their relative assimilation in French society, with the phenomenon of the " second generation " and the feminization of immigration, are leading them to try out forms of compromise which will allow them to cross the frontiers of the French political space.
L'Allemagne fédérale se penche sur son passé
Authors: François Étienne 
Published: July 2010

West Germany focuses on its past, Etienne François.
The Federal Republic of Germany is no longer a country without a past, suffering from amnesia after the trauma of Nazism. A strong desire for history stirs its inhabitants who crowd exhibitions and devour books. This exaltation and this rediscovery of the past are mobilising the historical profession, strongly divided and prone to polemics. In the multiplication of research, the critical sensibility of an Alltagsgeschichte, very attentive to the fringes and to daily life, is very promising. But the much-fought historicism has not given up and the social premises of this renewal of history are not always clearly formulated.
Sur l'analyse historique des phénomènes électoraux : les attentes d'un politologue
Authors: Gaxie Daniel 
Published: July 2010

The historical analysis of electoral phenomena. The expectations of a political scientist, Daniel Gaxie.
In his own language, a political scientist questions electoral histories and wishes for a better coordination of the respective efforts of history and political science to break through the voting secrets of contemporary France. His argumentation and questions deal essentially with the problems of electoral mobilization, of electoral behavior and of voting procedures. How has the voting reflex been acquired since 1848 ? What was the exact role of political parties in educating the electorate ? What is it that makes one vote for a political family : socio-demographic characteristics, more irrational forces, the mood of the times or political marketing ?
La gauche sait-elle gérer la France ? (1936-1937/1981-1984)
Authors: Franck Robert 
Published: July 2010

Does The Left know how to manage France (1936-1937 / 1981-1984), Robert Franck.
The comparison between the economic policies of the 1936 Popular Front and those of the left of 1981 is inevitable. Not only does the memory of 1936 obsess Pierre Mauroy's first governments, but the similarities are also striking. The two experiences follow a chronology which displays the same rhythm. Both are conditioned by constraints - « inheritances » - of the same type, and primarily by a major economic crisis. The record of one leads to questions about the other.
"Bac-génération 84". L'enseignement du temps présent en terminale
Authors: Cornette Joël , Luc Jean-Noël 
Published: July 2010

" Bac-Generation " 84. The teaching of the present in the final year of « lycée », Joël Cornette, Jean-Noël Luc.
Vingtième siècle has made an exclusive questionnaire survey of the first school year (1983-1984) in which the new history curriculum was taught in the final year of French lycées. One hundred seventy-two teachers show by their answers the obstacle course that a serious preparation for the examination necessitates, their reflections concerning the traps and the benefits of a « history of the present », a collective meditation on objectivity in history, and a portrait of part of the generation of young French people who will make the history of the year 2000.
La liturgie funèbre des communistes (1924-1983)
Authors: Bernard Jean-Pierre A. 
Published: July 2010

Communist funeral liturgy (1924-1983), Jean-Pierre Bernard
Reports in L'Humanité on the deaths and funerals of the major French and international communist leaders from Lenin to Waldeck Rochet are examined. They show an ethic of sacrifice to the cause of the working class, a policy of active memory, and an aesthetic of ritual, all three minutely adjusted by the Party in the service of its cause.