bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic 13C/1H NMR imaging uncovers sugar allocation in the living seed
Authors: Melkus Gerd , Rolletschek Hardy , Fuchs Johannes , Radchuk Volodymyr , Grafahrend‐Belau Eva , Sreenivasulu Nese , Rutten Twan , Weier Diana , Heinzel Nicolas , Schreiber Falk , Altmann Thomas , Jakob Peter M , Borisjuk Ljudmilla 
Published: April 2011

SummarySeed growth and accumulation of storage products relies on the delivery of sucrose from the maternal to the filial tissues. The transport route is hidden inside the seed and has never been visualized in vivo. Our approach, based on high‐field nuclear magnetic resonance and a custom made 13C/1H double resonant coil, allows the non‐invasive imaging and monitoring of sucrose allocation within the seed. The new technique visualizes the main stream of sucrose and determines its velocity during the grain filling in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Quantifiable dynamic images are provided, which allow observing movement of 13C‐sucrose at a sub‐millimetre level of resolution. The analysis of genetically modified barley grains (Jekyll transgenic lines, seg8 and Risø13 mutants) demonstrated that sucrose release via the nucellar projection towards the endosperm provides an essential mean for the control of seed growth by maternal organism. The sucrose allocation was further determined by structural and metabolic features of endosperm. Sucrose monitoring was integrated with an in silico flux balance analysis, representing a powerful platform for non‐invasive study of seed filling in crops.
Transition and technology—Evaluation of blended learning delivered by university staff to 6th form students
Authors: Harnisch Henriette , Taylor‐Murison Lou 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis paper tackles two issues which are closely related: transition from pre‐entry learning to studying at university and the role blended learning strategies might have in supporting this transition. It draws on the pilot delivery of two credit‐bearing modules which were delivered in two pre‐entry institutions. The modules followed two different models in terms of their alignment to the pre‐entry curriculum and in their mode of delivery. They were evaluated through questionnaires and focus groups with students. Both university tutors and coordinators at the schools were also interviewed in order to identify barriers in the process from their perspectives. This paper contributes to research in this field by identifying, from the key stakeholders of students' and deliverers' vantage points, factors that are specific to the blended learning process and contribute to a more structured and positive transition experience for the students. It looks at how blended methodologies can enhance the transition process, as well as what some of the barriers might be. As a consequence, the paper will provide some suggestions as to how institutions may overcome some of those issues identified in order to replicate the practice successfully.
Dopamine‐dependent ectodomain shedding and release of epidermal growth factor in developing striatum: target‐derived neurotrophic signaling (Part 2)
Authors: Iwakura Yuriko , Wang Ran , Abe Yuichi , Piao Ying‐shan , Shishido Yuji , Higashiyama Shigeki , Takei Nobuyuki , Nawa Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 10.1111/j.1471‐4159.2011.07295.xAbstractEpidermal growth factor (EGF) and structurally related peptides promote neuronal survival and the development of midbrain dopaminergic neurons; however, the regulation of their production has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we found that the treatment of striatal cells with dopamine agonists enhances EGF release both in vivo and in vitro. We prepared neuron‐enriched and non‐neuronal cell‐enriched cultures from the striatum of rat embryos and challenged those with various neurotransmitters or dopamine receptor agonists. Dopamine and a dopamine D1‐like receptor agonist (SKF38393) triggered EGF release from neuron‐enriched cultures in a dose‐dependent manner. A D2‐like agonist (quinpirole) increased EGF release only from non‐neuronal cell‐enriched cultures. The EGF release from striatal neurons and non‐neuronal cells was concomitant with ErbB1 phosphorylation and/or with the activation of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase and matrix metalloproteinase. The EGF release from neurons was attenuated by an a disintegrin and metalloproteinase/matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, GM6001, and a calcium ion chelator, BAPTA/AM. Transfection of cultured striatal neurons with alkaline phosphatase‐tagged EGF precursor cDNA confirmed that dopamine D1‐like receptor stimulation promoted both ectodomain shedding of the precursor and EGF release. Therefore, the activation of striatal dopamine receptors induces shedding and release of EGF to provide a retrograde neurotrophic signal to midbrain dopaminergic neurons.
Clinical evaluation of serum alcohol dehydrogenase activity in horses with acute intestinal obstruction
Authors: Megid Gomaa Naglaa Abdel , Köller Gábor , Fritz Schusser Gerald 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectives
–
To measure serum alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity in horses with acute intestinal obstruction and to determine the diagnostic and prognostic utility of this analyte.Design
–
Prospective observational study.Setting
–
University Veterinary Hospital.Animals
–
Thirty healthy horses (control group) and 77 horses with acute intestinal obstruction, including 36 horses with nonstrangulating obstruction (23 with left ventral colon impaction and 13 with left dorsal displacement [G1], 22 with small intestinal strangulation [G2], and 19 with colon torsion [G3]).Interventions
–
Serum ADH activity was assayed spectrophotometerically in all horses. Serum lactate concentration and hepatic enzyme (aspartate aminotransferase, gamma‐glutamyl transferase, glutamate dehydrogenase) activities were measured using an automatic analyzer.Measurements and Main Results
–
The median [interquartile range] serum ADH activity in healthy horses was 10.5 [8.7–11 U/L]. ADH activity was significantly increased (P<0.05) in G1=16.5 [13.8–18 U/L], G2=40 [20–74.9 U/L], and G3=63.2 [40–78 U/L] compared with healthy controls. Aspartate aminotransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase activities were also significantly increased in G3 in comparison with controls. ADH activity was correlated with serum lactate concentration in G1 and G3, respectively (P<0.01, r=0.55 and 0.8). Other liver enzymes did not show any significant correlation with lactate. ADH activity was directly related to the probability of strangulation; odds ratio=1.11. ADH activity >20 U/L had 80.6% specificity and 80.5% sensitivity for discriminating horses with strangulating obstruction. Twelve horses euthanized before surgery were excluded from the outcome analysis. Increasing ADH activity was associated with nonsurvival; odds ratio=1.03. ADH activity <80 U/L had 94.44% specificity and 66.67% sensitivity for survival.Conclusion
–
Serum ADH activity may be a useful clinical parameter in detecting intestinal strangulation in horses and may provide some prognostic value in horses with acute intestinal obstruction.
Effect of eprinomectin treatment on milk yield and quality in dairy cows in South Tyrol, Italy
Authors: Reist M. , Forbes A. B. , Bonfanti M. , Beretta W. , Pfister K. 
Published: April 2011

The effect of treatment with eprinomectin on milk yield, milk composition and somatic cell counts (SCCs) was studied in 105 dairy cows located on seven farms in South Tyrol, Italy. On each farm, half of the animals were treated with eprinomectin and the other half were used as an untreated control group. Three test day records per animal were obtained before treatment (days −117, −75 and −33) and another three test day records were obtained after treatment (days 22, 62 and 131). Test day records comprised milk yield, milk composition, SCC and days in milk. On the day of treatment, blood samples and faecal samples were taken for parasitological analysis. Cows with positive faecal egg counts yielded less milk. A significant effect of eprinomectin on milk yield was observed after treatment and was most pronounced on the second and the third test days after treatment (+1.90 kg [P=0.002] and +2.63 kg [P<0.001], respectively). Furthermore, a significant decrease in SCC was observed on the second test day after treatment.
Considerations for the Clinical Application of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells: Observations from aRecombinant DNA Advisory Committee SymposiumHeld June 15, 2010
Authors: Ertl Hildegund C.J. , Zaia John , Rosenberg Steven A. , June Carl H. , Dotti Gianpietro , Kahn Jeffrey , Cooper Laurence J.N. , Corrigan-Curay Jacqueline , Strome Scott E. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractT cells that are genetically modified to express single-chain chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) have shown promise in early cancer immunotherapy clinical trials. Unfortunately, 2 recent deaths in cancer patients treated with CAR T cells have created some uncertainty on how to best mitigate patient risk, while continuing to advance this very promising therapeutic avenue. In order to address these concerns, the Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee (RAC) held a symposium, the objectives of which were to first review the reported treatment-associated toxicities and, second, to discuss methods for improving safety and efficacy. This report highlights the issues raised as part of this discussion, with a specific focus on protocols infusing CAR T cells. Because this was not a consensus conference, the opinions described should not be construed to represent those of any individual RAC member, the RAC as a body, conference participants, the National Institutes of Health, or the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Cancer Res; 71(9); 3175–81. ©2011 AACR.
Physical Association of HDAC1 and HDAC2 with p63 Mediates Transcriptional Repression and Tumor Maintenance in Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ramsey Matthew R. , He Lei , Forster Nicole , Ory Benjamin , Ellisen Leif W. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a treatment-refractory subtype of human cancer arising from stratified epithelium of the skin, lung, esophagus, oropharynx, and other tissues. A unifying feature of SCC is high-level expression of the p53-related protein p63 (TP63) in 80% of cases. The major protein isoform of p63 expressed in SCC is ΔNp63α, an N-terminally truncated form which functions as a key SCC cell survival factor by mechanisms that are unclear. In this study, we show that ΔNp63α associates with histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and HDAC2 to form an active transcriptional repressor complex that can be targeted to therapeutic advantage. Repression of proapoptotic Bcl-2 family member genes including p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) by p63/HDAC is required for survival of SCC cells. Cisplatin chemotherapy, a mainstay of SCC treatment, promotes dissociation of p63 and HDAC from the PUMA promoter, leading to increased histone acetylation, PUMA activation, and apoptosis. These effects are recapitulated upon targeting the p63/HDAC complex selectively with class I/II HDAC inhibitors using both in vitro and in vivo models. Sensitivity to HDAC inhibition is directly correlated with p63 expression and is abrogated in tumor cells that overexpress endogenous Bcl-2. Together, our results elucidate a mechanism of p63-mediated transcriptional repression and they identify the ΔNp63α/HDAC complex as an essential tumor maintenance factor in SCC. In addition, our findings offer a rationale to apply HDAC inhibitors for SCC treatment. Cancer Res; 71(13); 4373–9. ©2011 AACR.
Treatment of Advanced Pancreatic Carcinoma with 90Y-Clivatuzumab Tetraxetan: A Phase I Single-Dose Escalation Trial
Authors: Gulec Seza A. , Cohen Steven J. , Pennington Kenneth L. , Zuckier Lionel S. , Hauke Ralph J. , Horne Heather , Wegener William A. , Teoh Nick , Gold David V. , Sharkey Robert M. , Goldenberg David M. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Purpose: Humanized antibody hPAM4 specifically binds a mucin glycoprotein expressed in pancreatic adenocarcinomas. This phase I study evaluated a single dose of 90Y-clivatuzumab tetraxetan (90Y-labeled hPAM4) in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.
Experimental Design: Twenty-one patients (4 stage III; 17 stage IV) received 111In-hPAM4 for imaging and serum sampling before 90Y-hPAM4. Study procedures evaluated adverse events, safety laboratories, computed tomography (CT) scans, biomarkers, pharmacokinetics, radiation dosimetry, and immunogenicity (HAHA).
Results: 111In-hPAM4 showed normal biodistribution with radiation dose estimates to red marrow and solid organs acceptable for radioimmunotherapy and with tumor targeting in 12 patients. One patient withdrew before 90Y-hPAM4; otherwise, 20 patients received 90Y doses of 15 (n = 7), 20 (n = 9), and 25 mCi/m2 (n = 4). Treatment was well tolerated; the only significant drug-related toxicities were (NCI CTC v.3) grade 3 to 4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia increasing with 90Y dose. There were no bleeding events or serious infections, and most cytopenias recovered to grade 1 within 12 weeks. Three patients at 25 mCi/m2 encountered dose-limiting toxicity with grade 4 cytopenias more than 7 days, establishing 20 mCi/m2 as the maximal tolerated 90Y dose. Two patients developed HAHA of uncertain clinical significance. Most patients progressed rapidly and with CA19-9 levels increasing within 1 month of therapy, but 7 remained progression-free by CT for 1.5 to 5.6 months, including 3 achieving transient partial responses (32%–52% tumor diameter shrinkage).
Conclusion: 90Y-Clivatuzumab tetraxetan was well tolerated with manageable hematologic toxicity at the maximal tolerated 90Y dose, and is a potential new therapeutic for advanced pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 17(12); 4091–100. ©2011 AACR.
Joint Effects of Obesity and Body Height on the Risk of Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Borch Knut H. , Nyegaard Cecilie , Hansen John-Bjarne , Mathiesen Ellisiv B. , Njølstad Inger , Wilsgaard Tom , Brækkan Sigrid K. 
Published: April 2011

Objective—
The goal of this study was to investigate the combined effect of obesity and body height on the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in a prospective population-based study.

Methods and Results—

Personal characteristics, including measures of obesity and body height, were collected in 26 714 men and women, aged 25 to 97 years, who participated in the Tromsø Study in 1994 to 1995. Incident VTE events were registered through September 1, 2007. There were 461 incident VTE events during a median of 12.5 years of follow-up. A tall stature was associated with increased risk of VTE in normal-weight (body mass index <25 kg/m
2
) and obese (body mass index ≥30 kg/m
2
) men, but not in women. The combination of obesity and tall stature synergistically increased the risk of VTE in both sexes. Tall (≥182 cm), obese men had a 5-fold (multivariable hazard ratio 5.16; 95% CI 2.39 to 11.14) increased risk of VTE compared with normal-weight men with short (≤172 cm) stature. Tall (≥168 cm), obese women had an almost 3-fold (multivariable hazard ratio 2.89; 95% CI 1.31 to 6.35) increased risk of VTE compared with normal-weight, short (≤159 cm) women.

Conclusion—
The combination of obesity and a tall stature was associated with a substantially increased risk of VTE, especially in men, suggesting synergistic effects of obesity and height on risk of VTE in both sexes.
Frequency of Increased Blood Pressure Levels During Systemic Thrombolysis and Risk of Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Kellert Lars , Rocco Andrea , Sykora Marek , Hacke Werner , Ringleb Peter A. 
Published: April 2011

Background and Purpose—
Significantly increased blood pressure (BP) is common in patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). We aimed to investigate frequency of pre- and post-treatment elevated BP and its relation to intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and symptomatic ICH (sICH), respectively.

Methods—
Data for patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis in the years 2007 to 2009 were retrospectively extracted from our prospectively conducted local stroke database. All documented BP levels from admission to follow-up imaging scan were analyzed. BP protocol violations were defined as systolic BP >185mm Hg and/or diastolic BP >110 mm Hg. sICH was defined as ICH plus worsening of the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale ≥4 points.

Results—

BP protocol violation before IVT emerged in 12.6% and during the course of IVT in 40.1% of 427 patients. sICH occurred in 10 (2.3%) and ICH in general occurred in 51 (11.9%) of 427 patients. Proportions of BP protocol violations were similar in patients without ICH, with any ICH, and with sICH (3.1% versus 2.8% versus 3.2%). Systolic BP levels and mean arterial pressure did not differ between patients without ICH, patients with any ICH, and patients with sICH. In the multivariate analysis, only early CT findings independently predicted ICH (OR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.25–4.61;
P
=0.009).

Conclusions—
BP protocol violations are common before and during the course of IVT, but neither the frequency of BP protocol violations nor the BP levels predicted ICH or sICH in univariate or multivariate analyses.
A Comparison among Four Different Retrieval Methods for Ice-Cloud Properties Using Data from CloudSat, CALIPSO, and MODIS
Authors: Stein Thorwald H. M. , Delanoë Julien , Hogan Robin J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe A-Train constellation of satellites provides a new capability to measure vertical cloud profiles that leads to more detailed information on ice-cloud microphysical properties than has been possible up to now. A variational radar–lidar ice-cloud retrieval algorithm (VarCloud) takes advantage of the complementary nature of the CloudSat radar and Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) lidar to provide a seamless retrieval of ice water content, effective radius, and extinction coefficient from the thinnest cirrus (seen only by the lidar) to the thickest ice cloud (penetrated only by the radar). In this paper, several versions of the VarCloud retrieval are compared with the CloudSat standard ice-only retrieval of ice water content, two empirical formulas that derive ice water content from radar reflectivity and temperature, and retrievals of vertically integrated properties from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) radiometer. The retrieved variables typically agree to within a factor of 2, on average, and most of the differences can be explained by the different microphysical assumptions. For example, the ice water content comparison illustrates the sensitivity of the retrievals to assumed ice particle shape. If ice particles are modeled as oblate spheroids rather than spheres for radar scattering then the retrieved ice water content is reduced by on average 50% in clouds with a reflectivity factor larger than 0 dBZ. VarCloud retrieves optical depths that are on average a factor-of-2 lower than those from MODIS, which can be explained by the different assumptions on particle mass and area; if VarCloud mimics the MODIS assumptions then better agreement is found in effective radius and optical depth is overestimated. MODIS predicts the mean vertically integrated ice water content to be around a factor-of-3 lower than that from VarCloud for the same retrievals, however, because the MODIS algorithm assumes that its retrieved effective radius (which is mostly representative of cloud top) is constant throughout the depth of the cloud. These comparisons highlight the need to refine microphysical assumptions in all retrieval algorithms and also for future studies to compare not only the mean values but also the full probability density function.
Large-Eddy Simulation of the Stable Boundary Layer with Explicit Filtering and Reconstruction Turbulence Modeling
Authors: Zhou Bowen , Chow Fotini Katopodes 
Published: April 2011

AbstractLarge-eddy simulation (LES) of the stably stratified atmospheric boundary layer is performed using an explicit filtering and reconstruction approach with a finite difference method. Turbulent stresses are split into the resolvable subfilter-scale and subgrid-scale stresses. The former are recovered from a reconstruction approach, and the latter are represented by a dynamic eddy-viscosity model. The resulting dynamic reconstruction model (DRM) can sustain resolved turbulence with less stringent resolution requirements than conventional closure models, even under strong atmospheric stability. This is achieved by proper representation of subfilter-scale (SFS) backscatter of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). The flow structure and turbulence statistics for the moderately stable boundary layer (SBL) are analyzed with high-resolution simulations. The DRM simulations show good agreement with established empirical formulations such as flux and gradient-based surface similarity, even at relatively coarse resolution. Similar results can be obtained with traditional closure models at the cost of higher resolution. SBL turbulence under strong stability is also explored. Simulations show an intermittent presence of elevated TKE below the low-level jet. Overall, the explicit filtering and reconstruction approach is advantageous for simulations of the SBL. At coarse resolution, it can extend the working range of LES to stronger stability, while maintaining agreement to similarity theory; at fine resolution, good agreement with theoretical formulations provides confidence in the results and allows for detailed investigation of the flow structure under moderate to strong stability conditions.
How Different Calculations of the Refractive Index Affect Estimates of the Radiative Forcing Efficiency of Ammonium Sulfate Aerosols
Authors: Erlick Carynelisa , Abbatt Jonathan P. D. , Rudich Yinon 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Calculations of the radiative properties of hydrated ammonium sulfate (AS) aerosols often employ the conventional volume mixing rule, in which the refractive indices of AS and water are linearly averaged, weighted by their respective volume fractions in solution, and the real part of the refractive index of pure AS is taken to be 1.52–1.55, based on measurements of dry crystalline AS. However, there are significant differences between the refractive indices of AS–water solutions calculated using the conventional volume mixing rule and empirically derived refractive indices. The authors use a simple model for calculating the direct solar radiative forcing efficiency (RFE; radiative forcing divided by optical depth) of an optically thin layer of aerosols to investigate the magnitude of these differences. The difference between the conventional volume mixing rule and empirically derived refractive indices amounts to a modest difference in the direct solar RFE of AS aerosols at the top of the atmosphere at 0.550-μm wavelength and at relative humidities of 37%–99.9%. Without black carbon, the difference in RFE is up to −0.42 W m−2 for relative humidities less than around 66% and up to 0.25 W m−2 for relative humidities greater than 66%, whereas with 2% black carbon by volume, the range of difference in RFE is up to −0.59 W m−2 for relative humidities less than 66% and up to 0.30 W m−2 for relative humidities greater than 66%. Although modest, this difference in RFE may become important when investigating regional aerosol forcing in areas with a high concentration of urban and industrial pollution.