bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subsidy-stress responses of ecosystem functions along experimental freshwater salinity gradients
Authors: DeVilbiss Stephen E. , Badgley Brian D. , Hotchkiss Erin R. , Steele Meredith K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHuman activity is increasing salt concentrations in freshwaters worldwide, but effects of freshwater salinity gradients on biogeochemical cycling are less understood than in saline, brackish, or marine environments. Using controlled microcosm experiments, we characterized (1) short-term (one to five days) biogeochemical responses and (2) water column metabolism along a freshwater salinity gradient of multiple salt types. After one day, microcosms were oxic (4.48–7.40 mg O2 L−1) but became hypoxic (1.20–3.31 mg L−1) by day five. After one day in oxic conditions, microbial respiration in magnesium-, sodium-, and sea salt-based salinity treatments showed a subsidy-stress response, with respiration increasing by over 100% as salinity increased from 30 to 350–800 µS cm−1. Conversely, respiration consistently increased along a calcium-based salinity gradient, peaking at 1500 µS cm−1. By day five, an inverse subsidy-stress response was observed with elevated respiration at upper or lower ends of the gradient except for the magnesium treatment, which had the lowest respiration at the highest salinity. Calcium- and magnesium-based salinity treatments also caused considerable changes in phosphorus concentrations and C:P and N:P. In a separate experiment, microbial respiration and water column primary production also displayed subsidy-stress responses, but imbalances in effect sizes caused consistently declining net community production with increasing salinity. Collectively, our results establish that short-term exposure to different salt ion concentrations can enhance freshwater biogeochemical cycling at relatively low concentrations and alter resource stoichiometry. Furthermore, the nature of effects of freshwater salinization may also change with oxygen availability.
Foresight plus: serverless spatio-temporal traffic forecasting
Authors: Oakley Joe , Conlan Chris , Demirci Gunduz Vehbi , Sfyridis Alexandros , Ferhatosmanoglu Hakan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBuilding a real-time spatio-temporal forecasting system is a challenging problem with many practical applications such as traffic and road network management. Most forecasting research focuses on achieving (often marginal) improvements in evaluation metrics such as MAE/MAPE on static benchmark datasets, with less attention paid to building practical pipelines which achieve timely and accurate forecasts when the network is under heavy load. Transport authorities also need to leverage dynamic data sources such as roadworks and vehicle-level flow data, while also supporting ad-hoc inference workloads at low cost. Our cloud-based forecasting solution Foresight, developed in collaboration with Transport for the West Midlands (TfWM), is able to ingest, aggregate and process streamed traffic data, enhanced with dynamic vehicle-level flow and urban event information, to produce regularly scheduled forecasts with high accuracy. In this work, we extend Foresight with several novel enhancements, into a new system which we term Foresight Plus. New features include an efficient method for extending the forecasting scale, enabling predictions further into the future. We also augment the inference architecture with a new, fully serverless design which offers a more cost-effective solution and which seamlessly handles sporadic inference workloads over multiple forecasting scales. We observe that Graph Neural Network (GNN) forecasting models are robust to extensions of the forecasting scale, achieving consistent performance up to 48 hours ahead. This is in contrast to the 1 hour forecasting periods popularly considered in this context. Further, our serverless inference solution is shown to be more cost-effective than provisioned alternatives in corresponding use-cases. We identify the optimal memory configuration of serverless resources to achieve an attractive cost-to-performance ratio.
A Compact Aerial Manipulator: Design and Control for Dexterous Operations
Authors: Liu Qianyuan , Liu Yuhang , Chen Zeshuai , Guo Kexin , Yu Xiang , Zhang Youmin , Guo Lei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe lack of aerial physical interaction capability is one of the choke points limiting the extension of aerial robot applications, such as rescue missions and aerial maintenance. We present a new aerial robotic manipulator (AEROM) for aerial dexterous operations in this work. It contains a robotic manipulator with 6-degree-of-freedom and a compact flight platform. Firstly, we propose a quantitative capability index to evaluate and guide the mechanical design of the AEROM. Based on the proposed quantitative index, we construct a lightweight bird-inspired manipulator to imitate a raptor hindlimb. An additional telescopic joint and an end-effector consisting of three soft fingers allow the AEROM to execute aerial interaction tasks. In addition, the wrist joints enable independent control of the end-effector attitude regardless of the flight platform. After explicitly analyzing the multi-source disturbances during the aerial operation tasks, we develop a refined anti-disturbance controller to compensate for the disturbances with different characteristics. The proposed controller further improves the position accuracy of end-effector to enable dexterous operations during aerial interaction tasks. Finally, the physical experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed AEROM system.
Time, ties, transactions: temporality and relational work in economic exchange
Authors: Hayes Adam S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper explores the intersection of time and relational economic sociology. Building on Viviana Zelizer’s relational framework, I argue that analyzing the temporal dimensions of exchange provides insight into how social ties gain meaning through economic practices. The paper shows time’s dual role as both an organizing structure bounding action, and a dynamic element that actors leverage to shape transactional contexts. As structure, time offers culturally-available templates like schedules and rhythms that facilitate coordination and signify predictable social meanings befitting particular relational categories. Yet time also constitutes relational work itself; strategic timing, duration, pacing, and sequencing of interactions signal context, manage expectations, and sustain bonds amidst entanglements. Synchronization through temporal agency prevents mismatches between transactions and social contexts that could strain ties. This agency in time ranges from passive adherence to dominant structures to active assertions of power resistance, enabling both domination and defiance across economic contexts. Analyzing shared temporal infrastructure within circuits of commerce further illuminates how actors distinguish those spheres of exchange at various scale from the impersonal market. Ultimately, incorporating temporality strengthens relational economic sociology by identifying a key mechanism through which practices of exchange become relationally meaningful.
Morten Levin’s “Academic Integrity in Action Research” Revisited: Bildung as Interiority
Authors: Coghlan David 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article revisits Morten Levin’s article, “Academic integrity in action research” published in the journal, Action Research (Levin 2012). It develops the main theme of rigour and relevance from the perspective of interiority. Interiority is a philosophical theory and method that enables action researchers attend to the data of their consciousness, that is how they experience, question, understand, test their understanding, make judgments, make decisions and act, which Levin understands as bildung. I offer interiority as the perspective on how rigour and relevance may be understood and integrated in a reframing of the bildung of action researchers as Morten discussed it in 2012.
The overlooked margins: how cities impact diversity of plants and terrestrial invertebrates along urban streams
Authors: Campos Carolina Oliveira , Almeida Salomé F. P. , Serra Sónia R. Q. , Calapez Ana Raquel , Silveira Paulo , Feio Maria João 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe effect of different urbanization levels on terrestrial biodiversity associated with riparian zones remains poorly studied, despite the important ecosystem services it provides in cities. Studies focused on aquatic ecosystems in urban streams reported decreases in ecological quality and species richness, and lack of sensitive taxa. Thus, we investigated the impact of urbanization on riparian zone flora and terrestrial invertebrates using as case studies nine urban streams spanning an urbanization gradient in the Portuguese city of Coimbra. An unexpectedly high number of taxa were identified (163 plants, 80 terrestrial invertebrates), 80% new registrations for the region and one endemic-rare plant. Yet, diversity varied across streams, β-diversity reaching 39% Bray-Curtis similarity and averaging 25%, due to many underrepresented terrestrial taxa (N = 62 observed only in one site). Variation across the urbanization gradient reached 59% in plants and 82% in terrestrial invertebrates. High numbers of non-native taxa (13%; N = 32), mostly plants, suggested urbanization factors, e.g. human interference and discharge variation, may have favored invasions. Indeed, constructed natural spaces along streams, like parks, supported less biodiversity. Moreover, plant richness, especially of riparian plants, was correlated negatively with percentages of surrounding impervious areas and positively with water quality. This shows urbanization has negative effects on riparian vegetation, and water quality impacts both aquatic and terrestrial communities. Our results stress urban streams as novel ecosystems constituted by high numbers of non-native taxa, and the significance of riparian zones for biodiversity preservation. Less intense intervention on riparian vegetation is recommended to increase biodiversity.
Degradation of limonene and trans-cinnamaldehyde in soil, and detection of their metabolites by UHPLC and GC-HRMS
Authors: Reyes-Ávila Alba , Garrido Frenich Antonia , Romero-González Roberto 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTwo commercial biopesticides were studied to determine their persistence in two soil types, such as sandy clay loam and clay loam soils. For this purpose, an orange oil–based biopesticide was used, being limonene its main ingredient. The other biopesticide was based on cinnamon extract and trans-cinnamaldehyde as its main component. Degradation of these compounds was monitored, and transformation products or metabolites were detected. Limonene and its metabolites were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and trans-cinnamaldehyde by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Both techniques were coupled to a high-resolution mass (HRMS) analyzer, such as quadrupole (Q)-Orbitrap. Limonene and trans-cinnamaldehyde were rapidly degraded as result of first-order kinetics. Possible metabolites such as thymol, cymene, isoterpinolene and cymenene for limonene, and hydroxycinnamic acid for trans-cinnamaldehyde were tentatively identified. Moreover, four other metabolites of trans-cinnamaldehyde, some of them not previously described, were also detected.
How and when CEO servant leaders fuel firm innovation: the role of social capital and knowledge absorptive capacity
Authors: Gutiérrez-Broncano Santiago , Linuesa-Langreo Jorge , Ruiz-Palomino Pablo , Silva Graça Miranda 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFirm innovation is a characteristic of firms with a robust entrepreneurial orientation that wish to have a strong competitive position in their sector. Drawing on the theories of servant leadership and upper echelons, this study aims to highlight the mechanisms through which CEO servant leadership enhances firm innovation. This paper examines (1) knowledge absorptive capacity as a mediator in the CEO servant leadership–firm innovation relationship, and (2) the moderating role of social capital (internal and external) in this relationship. Original data from 176 large and medium-sized hotels in the Canary and Balearic Islands (Spain) were used to test the hypotheses, and a partial least squares (PLS) analysis using Smart PLS 4 revealed that CEO servant leadership was positive for firm innovation, which was, in turn, mediated by firm knowledge absorptive capacity. Furthermore, the relationship between CEO servant leadership and firm knowledge absorptive capacity was found to grow stronger as internal social capital increased, while external social capital strengthened the positive link between firm knowledge absorptive capacity and firm innovation. New light is therefore shed on how and when CEO servant leadership is most effective in fostering firm innovation. Additionally, our firm-level findings contribute to the servant leadership literature, which is dominated by individual and group-level research, and expand the mounting evidence for the positive impact of CEO servant leadership on firm-level outcomes.
Intensifying electrified flow-through water treatment technologies via local environment modification
Authors: Huo Zheng-Yang , Wang Xiaoxiong , Huang Xia , Elimelech Menachem 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRemoving high-risk and persistent contaminants from water is challenging, because they typically exist at low concentrations in complex water matrices. Electrified flow-through technologies are viable to overcome the limitations induced by mass transport for efficient contaminant removal. Modifying the local environment of the flow-through electrodes offers opportunities to further improve the reaction kinetics and selectivity for achieving near-complete removal of these contaminants from water. Here, we present state-of-the-art local environment modification approaches that can be incorporated into electrified flow-through technologies to intensify water treatment. We first show methods of nanospace incorporation, local geometry adjustment, and microporous structure optimization that can induce spatial confinement, enhanced local electric field, and microperiodic vortex, respectively, for local environment modification. We then discuss why local environment modification can complement the flow-through electrodes for improving the reaction rate and selectivity. Finally, we outline appropriate scenarios of intensifying electrified flow-through technologies through local environment modification for fit-for-purpose water treatment applications.
Distinguishing the role of adverse life events in suicidality and non-suicidal self-injury in Spanish adolescents and young adults
Authors: Marrero Rosario Josefa , Bello Esperanza Macarena , Morales-Marrero Daida , Fumero Ascensión 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAdverse life events have been shown to increase the chances of harmful thoughts, or behavior against oneself. This study aims to fill this gap by identifying how adverse life events (witnessing a friend’s or family member’s self-injury, eating behavior problems, concern about sexual orientation, physical or sexual abuse) experienced by adolescents and young adults are associated with different indicators of suicidality and non-suicidal self-injury behaviors, according to gender and age. Participants were 625 young people aged between 12 and 25 years (Mean = 15.91, SD = 2.44), of whom 61.7% were girls. Of total participants, 53.44% reported adverse life events. Physical or sexual abuse was more associated with suicidality and non-suicidal self-injury compared to being witness to a friend’s self-injury. Girls who experienced physical abuse had more suicidal ideation than boys, while boys who experienced sexual abuse had more suicidal ideation than girls. Young adults who had experienced sexual abuse and those who witnessed a friend’s self-injury reported more non-suicidal self-injury attempts than adolescents in the same situations. For eating problems, adolescents showed more non-suicidal self-injury attempts than young adults. The findings underline the importance of considering adverse life events in order to prevent suicidality and non-suicidal self-injury behavior.
Health, psychosocial and cognitive factors associated with anxiety symptoms
Authors: Mendoza Lina Sofía Moreno , Trujillo-Güiza Martha , Forero Diego A. , Baez Sandra 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAnxiety disorders are the most prevalent psychological conditions among adults worldwide. However, further research is needed on the role of variables such as health indices, stressful events, social cognition, and executive functioning in predicting anxiety symptoms. We conducted two studies to explore the association between these variables and anxiety symptoms in adults. In the first study, we evaluated 548 participants ranging in age from 18 to 73. We administered two anxiety scales and two instruments to assess physical and mental health dimensions and the number of threatening life events experienced. A subsample of 275 participants participated in the second study, where they completed tasks measuring working memory, verbal fluency, and emotion recognition. We used linear regression models to identify the relationship between participants’ anxiety levels and demographic, health, and psychosocial variables. In the first study, our findings revealed that participants with poorer mental and physical health and those who had experienced more stressful events displayed higher anxiety levels. Age, sex, physical and mental health were significant predictors of anxiety scores. In the second study, we identified negative correlations between anxiety and social cognition and executive function scores. However, only executive functions emerged as a predictor for anxiety. Overall, the factors of sex, age, mental and physical health, and executive function performance appear to be relevant in understanding anxiety levels and symptoms in adults.
Just transformations through resilience experiments? Comparing policy rationales and narratives of the Global South and North in the Resilient Cities Network
Authors: Kochskämper Elisa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Resilient Cities Network, formerly known as the 100 Resilient Cities, supports the development of local resilience policies in partaking cities from around the globe. Various policies in the network are an example of an upcoming trend where experiments are increasingly conducted in the urban space to shape governance. Experiments in this context are purposeful interventions to increase resilience through learning and the temporal and spatial diffusion of results. Experimentation and resilience are highlighted in the literature on political ecology for policies presumably leading to urban transformations. Both approaches face strikingly similar critiques, namely that related rationales and narratives frequently maintain the political and economic status quo and reproduce socially unjust urban realities. However, they are rarely examined together and empirical findings are missing when it comes to comparative research; particularly between the Global South and North.Against this background, this paper asks: Which role plays social justice in rationales and narratives of resilience experiments in Global South and Global North cities? I examine experimental policy actions in Global South and North cities of the Resilient Cities Network (N = 112) qualitatively through an analytic lens that links a social justice understanding to the setting, agency, and design of resilience experiments. Based on this analysis, I compare the results to explore emerging patterns of the role given to social justice in urban resilience experimentation across cities of the Global South and North. The findings show that narratives in Global North cities revolve stronger around recognising social justice, but Global South cities put more emphasis on marginalised groups and learning mechanisms that potentially foster social justice through output legitimacy.
To Embed Geosites In An Area wıth Great Tourism Activity: A Proposal for Köyceğız, Türkiye
Authors: Gürer Aysan , Gürer Ömer Feyzi , Sanğu Ercan , Çevik Metin , Benli Ekin Gökçe 
Published: April 2024

AbstractKöyceğiz Region offers a fascinating beauty with its lakes, long sandy beaches, rivers, as well as mountains and hills covered with pine, sweetgum and mastic tree forests. Therefore, there is an intense visitor activity in the region. In addition, there are well-marked, year-round hiking and cycling routes around the mountains and lakes in Köyceğiz. On some of these routes, eco-sites have been identified and explanatory panels have been placed. However, geosites have not been identified in the region for the geological structures that carry all this ecological diversity. In fact, the Köyceğiz Region is one of the typical regions that presents geological stories from the paleotectonic and neotectonic periods together. Our proposal in this study is to select geosites on existing nature routes that reflect the geological story of the region and to develop explanatory panels for them. In this study, we have identified geosites located on nature tourism routes in the region and described their geoscientific content. By installing panels on geosites, the geo-ecological systems located on the routes will be able to explain themselves to travelers. This is a new geo-eco-tourism approach with a small budget, aimed at existing visitors in the region, without trying to attract visitors to the area.
Women in engineering, science and technology in sub-Saharan Africa: cultural attitudes, challenges, and gaps affecting clinical engineering and medical devices maintenance practices
Authors: Maccaro Alessia , Oronti Iyabosola Busola , Zito Eugenio , Piaggio Davide , Pecchia Leandro 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
From previous studies, we had observed that the number of biomedical engineers and technicians (BMETs) skilled in the maintenance of medical devices (MDs) were limited in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and that a likely parallelism existed between BME maintenance-related tasks and house chores mainly carried out by women in daily life. Our objective in carrying out this study was to understand underlying local cultural and social factors and domestic traditions interfering with the inclusion of women in the field of clinical and biomedical engineering (BME), and to identify existing gaps in opportunities for women in Engineering, Science and Technology (EST) in this region.

Methods
We carried out an online survey involving 51 respondents (70.6% women, 29.4% men), to investigate gender-biased and cultural perceptions of maintenance-related tasks among engineers/technologists/technicians in BME and other allied professions in SSA​. The survey was refined through focus groups and pilot tests to assess its validity, and then shared among specific associations of women in engineering and other bodies in EST, as well as some hospital communities and institutions.

Results
The survey brought to light evidence of prejudices against women in the society and workplace and showed that the adoption of our parallelism hypothesis has potential for increasing medical device maintenance practices in SSA hospitals.

Conclusions
There is an apparent need to further study the possible effects of this sociological model through leveraging local culture and domestic traditions in ways that could ultimately increase the leadership and numbers of women BMETs in SSA.