bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The link between perception and action in early infancy: From the viewpoint of the direct‐matching hypothesis
Authors: KANAKOGI YASUHIRO , ITAKURA SHOJI 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe ability to understand the actions of others is crucial for all social species. Recent electrophysiological and neuroimaging studies indicate that understanding the actions of others is mediated by the mirror neuron system (MNS), in which an observed action is mapped onto the observer's own motor representation of that action. Although there has been considerable progress in elucidating the mechanisms and functions of the direct‐matching process, we still know little about its developmental aspects. In this article, we first provide a brief overview of the functions of the direct‐matching process in the MNS. Next, we review the neurophysiological and behavioral evidence for the developmental aspects of the direct‐matching process, indicating that it is already functional at least by the age of 6 months, and that perception and action are mutually influenced and directly linked in early infancy. Finally, we discuss the unresolved questions about the onset of the direct‐matching process and suggest directions for future research.
Freshwater fish introductions in mediterranean‐climate regions: are there commonalities in the conservation problem?
Authors: Marr S. M. , Marchetti M. P. , Olden J. D. , García‐Berthou E. , Morgan D. L. , Arismendi I. , Day J. A. , Griffiths C. L. , Skelton P. H. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAim  To compare patterns and drivers of freshwater fish introductions across five climatically similar regions and evaluate similarities and differences in the non‐native species introduced.Location  Five mediterranean‐climate regions: California (USA), central Chile, south‐western Australia, the Iberian peninsula (Spain and Portugal) and the south‐western Cape (South Africa).Methods  Species presence–absence for native and non‐native fishes were collated across the regions, and patterns of faunal change were examined using univariate and multivariate statistical approaches. Taxonomic patterns in freshwater fish introductions were evaluated by comparing the number of species introduced by order to the numbers expected from binomial probabilities. Factors influencing multiple introductions of freshwater fish species in mediterranean regions were determined using generalized linear modelling.Results  High levels of endemism (70–90%) were revealed for south‐western Cape, south‐western Australia and Chile. Despite their high rates of endemism, all regions currently have more non‐native species than endemic species. Taxonomic selection was found for five orders, although this was only significant for Salmoniformes across regions. The average increase in regional compositional similarity of fish faunas resulting from non‐native fish introductions was 8.0%. Important factors predicting multiple introductions of a species include previous introduction success and mean latitude of its distributionMain conclusions  The mediterranean‐climate regions of the world, separated by vast distances, originally had a few fish species in common but are now more similar, owing to species introductions, illustrating the extent and importance of taxonomic homogenization. Introductions are largely driven by taxonomically biased human interests in recreational fisheries, aquaculture and ornamental pet species.
Modelling the likelihood of levator avulsion in a urogynaecological population
Authors: DIETZ H. P. , KIRBY A. 
Published: May 2010

Background:  Avulsion of the puborectalis muscle is a consequence of vaginal childbirth and associated with female pelvic organ prolapse. It can be palpated, although diagnosis by imaging seems more reliable.Aims:  To define the prior probability of avulsion based on history and gynaecological examination, in order to facilitate clinical diagnosis.Methods:  Over 3 years, 983 women had been assessed by 3D ultrasound at a tertiary urogynaecological unit. We analysed our database for predictors of puborectalis avulsion and designed a simplified predictive model with the help of backwards stepwise logistic regression.Results:  The following factors were strongly associated with the diagnosis of avulsion: age at first vaginal delivery, no stress incontinence, vaginal operative delivery, prolapse symptoms, cystocele, uterine prolapse, minimum Oxford grading of muscle strength and side differences in Oxford grading (all P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression produced a model that had an adjusted r2 of 37.2%, predicting 81% of cases correctly.Conclusions:  This study was undertaken to define the ‘typical’ patient suffering from avulsion of the puborectalis muscle, a common childbirth‐related injury. Levator defects are most likely in women who had their first child by vaginal operative delivery over the age of 30 years, presenting with symptoms of prolapse without stress incontinence.
Perceived Discrimination and Depressive Symptoms, Smoking, and Recent Alcohol Use in Pregnancy
Authors: Bennett Ian M. , Culhane Jennifer F. , Webb David A. , Coyne James C. , Hogan Vijaya , Mathew Leny , Elo Irma T. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract:  Background:  Perceived discrimination is associated with poor mental health and health‐compromising behaviors in a range of vulnerable populations, but this link has not been assessed among pregnant women. We aimed to determine whether perceived discrimination was associated with these important targets of maternal health care among low‐income pregnant women.Methods:  Face‐to‐face interviews were conducted in English or Spanish with 4,454 multiethnic, low‐income, inner‐city women at their first prenatal visit at public health centers in Philadelphia, Penn, USA, from 1999 to 2004. Perceived chronic everyday discrimination (moderate and high levels) in addition to experiences of major discrimination, depressive symptomatology (CES‐D ≥ 23), smoking in pregnancy (current), and recent alcohol use (12 months before pregnancy) were assessed by patients’ self‐report.Results:  Moderate everyday discrimination was reported by 873 (20%) women, high everyday discrimination by 238 (5%) women, and an experience of major discrimination by 789 (18%) women. Everyday discrimination was independently associated with depressive symptomatology (moderate = prevalence ratio [PR] of 1.58, 95% CI: 1.38–1.79; high = PR of 1.82, 95% CI: 1.49–2.21); smoking (moderate = PR of 1.19, 95% CI: 1.05–1.36; high = PR of 1.41, 95% CI: 1.15–1.74); and recent alcohol use (moderate = PR of 1.23, 95% CI: 1.12–1.36). However, major discrimination was not independently associated with these outcomes.Conclusions:  This study demonstrated that perceived chronic everyday discrimination, but not major discrimination, was associated with depressive symptoms and health‐compromising behaviors independent of potential confounders, including race and ethnicity, among pregnant low‐income women. (BIRTH 37:2 June 2010)
Internet Use in Pregnancy Informs Women’s Decision Making: A Web‐Based Survey
Authors: Lagan Briege M. , Sinclair Marlene , George Kernohan W. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract:  Background:  Internet access and usage is almost ubiquitous, providing new opportunities and increasing challenges for health care practitioners and users. With pregnant women reportedly turning to the Internet for information during pregnancy, a better understanding of this behavior is needed. The objective of this study was to ascertain why and how pregnant women use the Internet as a health information source, and the overall effect it had on their decision making. Kuhlthau’s (1993) information‐seeking model was adapted to provide the underpinning theoretical framework for the study. Methods:  The design was exploratory and descriptive. Data were collected using a valid and reliable web‐based questionnaire. Over a 12‐week period, 613 women from 24 countries who had confirmed that they had used the Internet for pregnancy‐related information during their pregnancy completed and submitted a questionnaire. Results:  Most women (97%) used search engines such as Google

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to identify online web pages to access a large variety of pregnancy‐related information and to use the Internet for pregnancy‐related social networking, support, and electronic commerce (i.e., e‐commerce). Almost 94 percent of women used the Internet to supplement information already provided by health professionals and 83 percent used it to influence their pregnancy decision making. Nearly half of the respondents reported dissatisfaction with information given by health professionals (48.6%) and lack of time to ask health professionals questions (46.5%) as key factors influencing them to access the Internet. Statistically, women’s confidence levels significantly increased with respect to making decisions about their pregnancy after Internet usage (p < 0.05).Conclusions:  In this study, the Internet played a significant part in the respondents’ health information seeking and decision making in pregnancy. Health professionals need to be ready to support pregnant women in online data retrieval, interpretation, and application. (BIRTH 37:2 June 2010)
A Mirage of Change: Family‐Centered Maternity Care in Practice
Authors: Jimenez Vania , Klein Michael C. , Hivon Myriam , Mason Catherine 
Published: May 2010

Abstract:  Background:  Since the 1970s, the movement to “humanize” birth in North America has evolved into “family‐centered maternity care,” which has focused on providing evidence‐based maternity care that is responsive to the needs of women and their families. The objective of this research was to explore women’s birth experiences within the context of the numerous changes that have occurred in perinatal care and to determine how information and knowledge acquired about pregnancy and birth influenced women’s birth experiences. Methods:  Semi‐structured interviews were conducted in prenatal health clinics in Montreal and Vancouver with 36 women before and after birth. Results:  Most study participants were unaware of the range of available providers and birth settings. Of the women who were more aware of their options, those selecting a birth center or home birth and midwives had different notions of risk than those who planned a hospital birth. Study participants felt generally well informed, but thought that information sharing, collaborative decision making, or both were inadequate during labor and birth within the hospital setting. Conclusions:  Despite positive changes in recent years, family‐centered maternity care in Canada still needs to be improved. Women’s ability to use their acquired prenatal knowledge to feel satisfied by their birth experience continues to be undermined by a system of care that does not prioritize women’s informed choice. Further systemic change is required to align maternity care with the needs of Canadian birthing women and their families. (BIRTH 37:2 June 2010)
The role of automated measurement of red cell subpopulations on the Sysmex XE 5000 analyzer in the differential diagnosis of microcytic anemia
Authors: URRECHAGA E. , BORQUE L. , ESCANERO J. F. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryCell counter–based formulae have been used in the differential diagnosis of microcytic anemia. The measurement of new red cell parameters is now available on the Sysmex XE 5000 analyzer. Derived from the percentages of microcytic and hypochromic red cells, the authors describe the new formula %microcytic−%hypochromic, M‐H index. The aim of this study was to assess the discriminant value of this new index in the differential diagnosis of microcytic anemia and thalassemia screening compared to the published indices. Receiver operating characteristic curves, sensitivity, specificity and Youden index were calculated for a set of 170 iron‐deficiency anemia patients and 200 β thalassemia carriers. % microcytic−% hypochromic index showed the best area under the curve (area under curve AUC, 0.994) and Youden index (93.9%), among considered indices; 98% sensitivity, 95.9% specificity, at a cutoff value >11.5; Green and King index ranked second (AUC 0.99, Youden index 90.8%). Because of high sensitivity and specificity, the new index %microcytic−%hypochromic was the most reliable index evaluated. M‐H index could be a useful tool in the differential diagnosis of microcytic anemia, and samples with M‐H > 11.5 can be chosen for further analysis to confirm the diagnosis of thalassemia.
Le lemme fondamental pondéré. I. Constructions géométriques
Authors: Chaudouard Pierre-Henri , Laumon Gérard 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis work is the geometric part of our proof of the weighted fundamental lemma, which is an extension of Ngô Bao Châu’s proof of the Langlands–Shelstad fundamental lemma. Ngô’s approach is based on a study of the elliptic part of the Hichin fibration. The total space of this fibration is the algebraic stack of Hitchin bundles and its base space is the affine space of ‘characteristic polynomials’. Over the elliptic set, the Hitchin fibration is proper and the number of points of its fibers over a finite field can be expressed in terms of orbital integrals. In this paper, we study the Hitchin fibration over an open set larger than the elliptic set, namely the ‘generically regular semi-simple set’. The fibers are in general neither of finite type nor separated. By analogy with Arthur’s truncation, we introduce the substack of ξ-stable Hitchin bundles. We show that it is a Deligne–Mumford stack, smooth over the base field and proper over the base space of ‘characteristic polynomials’. Moreover, the number of points of the ξ-stable fibers over a finite field can be expressed as a sum of weighted orbital integrals, which appear in the Arthur–Selberg trace formula.
Secretion of an Endogenous Subtilisin by
Pichia pastoris
Strains GS115 and KM71
Authors: Salamin Karine , Sriranganadane Dev , Léchenne Barbara , Jousson Olivier , Monod Michel 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT

The methylotrophic yeast
Pichia pastoris
is widely used for the expression of heterologous enzymes. While the purity of the desired expression product is of major importance for many applications, we found that recombinant enzymes produced in methanol medium were contaminated by a 37-kDa endogenous yeast protease. This enzyme was completely inhibited by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) but not by 1,10-phenanthroline, EDTA, and pepstatin A, suggesting the nature of a serine protease. Its secretion was abolished in
P. pastoris
strains GS115 and KM71 by specific mutagenesis of a subtilisin gene (
SUB2
) but not by inactivation of the gene encoding vacuolar proteinase B (
PRB
). Bioinformatic comparisons of Sub2 protein with subtilisins from other fungal genomes and phylogenetic analyses indicated that this enzyme is not an orthologue of the vacuolar protease cerevisin generally present in yeasts but is more closely related to another putative subtilisin found in a small number of yeast genomes. During growth of
P. pastoris
, Sub2 was produced as a secreted enzyme at a concentration of 10 μg/ml of culture supernatant after overexpression of the full-length
SUB2
gene. During fermentative production of recombinant enzymes in methanol medium, 1 ml of
P. pastoris
culture supernatant was found to contain approximately 3 ng of Sub2, while the enzyme was not detected during growth in a medium containing glycerol as a carbon source. The mutant strain GS115-
sub2
was subsequently used as a host for the production of recombinant proteases without endogenous subtilisin contamination.
Modulation of Responses of
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
O3:K6 to pH and Temperature Stresses by Growth at Different Salt Concentrations
Authors: Whitaker W. Brian , Parent Michelle A. , Naughton Lynn M. , Richards Gary P. , Blumerman Seth L. , Boyd E. Fidelma 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT

Vibrio parahaemolyticus
inhabits marine, brackish, and estuarine waters worldwide, where fluctuations in salinity pose a constant challenge to the osmotic stress response of the organism.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
is a moderate halophile, having an absolute requirement for salt for survival, and is capable of growth at 1 to 9% NaCl. It is the leading cause of seafood-related bacterial gastroenteritis in the United States and much of Asia. We determined whether growth in differing NaCl concentrations alters the susceptibility of
V. parahaemolyticus
O3:K6 to other environmental stresses.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
was grown at a 1% or 3% NaCl concentration, and the growth and survival of the organism were examined under acid or temperature stress conditions. Growth of
V. parahaemolyticus
in 3% NaCl versus that in 1% NaCl increased survival under both inorganic (HCl) and organic (acetic acid) acid conditions. In addition, at 42°C and −20°C, 1% NaCl had a detrimental effect on growth. The expression of lysine decarboxylase (encoded by
cadA
), the organism's main acid stress response system, was induced by both NaCl and acid conditions. To begin to address the mechanism of regulation of the stress response, we constructed a knockout mutation in
rpoS
, which encodes the alternative stress sigma factor, and in
toxRS
, a two-component regulator common to many
Vibrio
species. Both mutant strains had significantly reduced survival under acid stress conditions. The effect of
V. parahaemolyticus
growth in 1% or 3% NaCl was examined using a cytotoxicity assay, and we found that
V. parahaemolyticus
grown in 1% NaCl was significantly more toxic than that grown in 3% NaCl.
Characterization of the Replication, Transfer, and Plasmid/Lytic Phage Cycle of the Streptomyces Plasmid-Phage pZL12
Authors: Zhong Li , Cheng Qiuxiang , Tian Xinli , Zhao Liqian , Qin Zhongjun 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT

We report here the isolation and recombinational cloning of a large plasmid, pZL12, from endophytic
Streptomyces
sp. 9R-2. pZL12 comprises 90,435 bp, encoding 112 genes, 30 of which are organized in a large operon resembling bacteriophage genes. A replication locus (
repA
) and a conjugal transfer locus (
traA
-
traC
) were identified in pZL12. Surprisingly, the supernatant of a 9R-2 liquid culture containing partially purified phage particles infected 9R-2 cured of pZL12 (9R-2X) to form plaques, and a phage particle (φZL12) was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Major structural proteins (capsid, portal, and tail) of φZL12 virions were encoded by pZL12 genes. Like bacteriophage P1, linear φZL12 DNA contained ends from a largely random pZL12 sequence. There was also a hot end sequence in linear φZL12. φZL12 virions efficiently infected only one host, 9R-2X, but failed to infect and form plaques in 18 other
Streptomyces
strains. Some 9R-2X spores rescued from lysis by infection of φZL12 virions contained a circular pZL12 plasmid, completing a cycle comprising autonomous plasmid pZL12 and lytic phage φZL12. These results confirm pZL12 as the first example of a plasmid-phage in
Streptomyces
.
RpoS, the Stress Response Sigma Factor, Plays a Dual Role in the Regulation of
Escherichia coli
's Error-Prone DNA Polymerase IV
Authors: Storvik Kimberly A. M. , Foster Patricia L. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT

RpoS,
Escherichia coli
's general stress response sigma factor, regulates error-prone DNA polymerase IV (Pol IV) (encoded by the
dinB
gene). Pol IV is induced in stationary-phase cells, and thereafter, levels of the protein remain elevated for several days of continuous incubation. This induction and persistence in stationary-phase cells are dependent on RpoS. Data presented here show that this regulation is direct via the RpoS-directed transcription of the
dinB
gene. However, a loss of RpoS also results in a decrease in Pol IV-dependent mutation when Pol IV is overexpressed from an RpoS-independent promoter in exponentially growing cells. The loss of RpoS also increases cell sensitivity to 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide, indicating that RpoS affects the ability of Pol IV to bypass DNA lesions. Thus, in addition to directly driving the transcription of the
dinB
gene in stationary-phase cells, RpoS regulates the activity of Pol IV in exponentially growing cells via a second, indirect pathway.
Statewide diffusion of 100% tobacco-free college and university policies
Authors: Lee Joseph G L , Goldstein Adam O , Kramer Kathryn D , Steiner Julea , Ezzell Mark M , Shah Vandana 
Published: May 2010

ObjectivesAs smoking among college students reached new highs in the 1990s, most interventions for college student smoking prevention focused on individual student knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. No published studies report on statewide movements to accelerate the adoption of tobacco-free policies on college campuses. The results of the first 4 years of the North Carolina Tobacco-Free Colleges Initiative are presented.MethodsThe North Carolina Health and Wellness Trust Fund developed a multilevel intervention to accelerate the diffusion of tobacco-free policies on college campuses, including funding campus coordinators and coalitions to tailor activities to the campus environment at 64 colleges. Evaluators tracked process and policy outcomes as well as the diffusion of policy adoption from January 2006–December 2009.ResultsPrior to the initiative, only one small, private college campus in North Carolina was tobacco-free. By 4 years into the initiative, 33 colleges and community colleges, representing more than 159 300 students, have adopted comprehensive tobacco-free policies to protect students, faculty, staff and visitors. Participating campuses also adopted 68 policies restricting smoking in certain areas and limiting industry activity.ConclusionsTobacco-free policy adoption on college campuses can be accelerated with a multilevel statewide intervention.
Inhibiting the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase CDK5 Blocks Pancreatic Cancer Formation and Progression through the Suppression of Ras-Ral Signaling
Authors: Feldmann Georg , Mishra Anjali , Hong Seung-Mo , Bisht Savita , Strock Christopher J. , Ball Douglas W. , Goggins Michael , Maitra Anirban , Nelkin Barry D. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), a neuronal kinase that functions in migration, has been found to be activated in some human cancers in which it has been implicated in promoting metastasis. In this study, we investigated the role of CDK5 in pancreatic cancers in which metastatic disease is most common at diagnosis. CDK5 was widely active in pancreatic cancer cells. Functional ablation significantly inhibited invasion, migration, and anchorage-independent growth in vitro, and orthotopic tumor formation and systemic metastases in vivo. CDK5 blockade resulted in the profound inhibition of Ras signaling through its critical effectors RalA and RalB. Conversely, restoring Ral function rescued the effects of CDK5 inhibition in pancreatic cancer cells. Our findings identify CDK5 as a pharmacologically tractable target to degrade Ras signaling in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Res; 70(11); 4460–9. ©2010 AACR.