bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the Oxidation Stability of Soybean Oil and Palm Oil on Steel Quenching Performance
Authors: Said Diego , Belinato Gabriela , Otero Rosa L. Simencio , Canale Lauralice C.F. , Sarmiento Gustavo S. , Gastón Analía , Totten George E. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The potential use of vegetable oil derived industrial oils continues to be of great interest because vegetable oils are: relatively non-toxic, biodegradable and they are a renewable basestock alternative to petroleum oil. However, the fatty ester components containing conjugated double bonds of the triglyceride structure of vegetable oils typically produces considerably poorer thermal oxidative stability than that achievable with petroleum basestocks under typical use conditions where furnace loads of hot steel (850 °C) are typically rapidly immersed and cooled to approximately 50-60 °C bath temperatures. This is especially true when a vegetable oil is held in an open tank with agitation and exposure to air at elevated temperatures for extended periods of time (months or years). Unfortunately, as vegetable oils degrade, their fluid viscosity is expected to increase resulting in decreased quench severity. Clearly, thermal-oxidative stability is essential. This paper will review thermal-oxidative stability and quenching performance of soybean oil and palm oil and the resulting impact on the heat transfer coefficient.
Epoxidized Soybean Oil: Evaluation of Oxidative Stabilization and Metal Quenching/Heat Transfer Performance
Authors: Otero Rosa L. Simencio , Canale Lauralice C.F. , Schicchi Diego Said , Agaliotis Eliana , Totten George E. , Sarmiento Gustavo Sánchez 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Vegetable and animal oils as a class of fluids have been used for hundreds of years, if not longer, as quenchants for hardening steel. However, when petroleum oils became available in the late 1800s and early 1900s, the use of these fluids as quenchants, in addition to their use in other industrial oil applications quickly diminished. This was primarily, but not exclusively, due to their generally very poor thermal-oxidative instability and the difficulty for formulating fluid analogs with varying viscosity properties. Interest in the use of renewable fluids, such as vegetable oils, has increased dramatically in recent years as alternatives to the use of relatively nonbiodegradable and toxic petroleum oils. However, the relatively poor thermal-oxidative stability has continued to be a significant reason for their general non-acceptance in the marketplace. Soybean oil is one of the most highly produced vegetable oils in Brazil. Currently, there are commercially produced epoxidized versions of soybean oil which are available. The objective of this paper is to discuss recently obtained results showing the dramatic improvement in thermal-oxidative stability of epoxidized soybean oils and to discuss their potential use and heat transfer properties as viable alternatives to petroleum oils for hardening steel.
Development of Low-Cost, Rapid Case Hardening Treatments for Austenitic Stainless Steels
Authors: Wang Xiaolan , Zurecki Zbigniew , Sisson Richard D. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Austenitic stainless steels are critical in the modern economies with applications ranging from food processing and cryogenic machinery to medical implants and aerospace instrumentation. Tough, resistant to low-temperature embrittlement and many forms of corrosion, these steels are, nevertheless, prone to scratching and galling in service. Case hardening was found to be effective when combined with corrosive surface treatments or in low-pressure, direct plasma-ion discharges, but inhibited in simple atmospheric-pressure furnaces. This paper presents preliminary evaluation of new, rapid (3-4 hrs) nitriding and carbonitriding treatments at low- (500-565°C) and high- (1100°C) temperature ranges involving injection of high-voltage, electric arc-activated, N2-based, NH3 and hydrocarbon gas mixes to the conventional box furnace. Reported data includes characterization of stainless steel product layers using SEM-EDS, XRD, OM, Leco elemental analysis, and microhardness profiling, as well as laser gas analysis of the residual furnace atmosphere.
Vertical distribution of annual water temperature maxima in the southern coastal zone of Lake Baikal
Authors: Naumenko M.A. M.A. ,   Institute of Limnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences – St. Petersburg Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastyanova Str., 9, St. Petersburg, 196105, Russia, Guzivaty V.V. V.V. ,   Institute of Limnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences – St. Petersburg Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastyanova Str., 9, St. Petersburg, 196105, Russia, Lovtsov S.V. S.V. ,   Research Institute of Applied Physics of Irkutsk State University, Gagarin Blvd, 20, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia, Troitskaya E.S. E.S. ,   Limnological Institute Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya Str., 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia, Budnev N.M. N.M. ,   Research Institute of Applied Physics of Irkutsk State University, Gagarin Blvd, 20, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
Published: June 2024

It is frequently observed that an extreme event, such as a temperature maximum, has a greater impact on a lake ecosystem than changes in average conditions. For the first time, we examine the vertical variability of annual water temperature maxima (AWTM) and dates of their occurrence based on in-situ measurements of water temperature with discreteness of 15 minutes for a stable stratification period over eleven years (since 2005 to 2016 except 2009) in the southern coastal zone of Lake Baikal with a bottom depth of 545 m. The estimated statistical characteristics clearly distinguish various features of the vertical distribution of AWTM. There are significant time shifts (about 86 days) between the uppermost horizon (about 15 m) and the lowest 300 m horizon. The average maximum annual temperatures (15 °C) decrease from the upper horizon to a temperature of 4 °C at 300 m depth. To quantify changes in the annual maximum water temperature, the empirical functions were constructed to estimate relationships between AWTM, dates of their occurrence and depth. These dependencies are not linear and verified by independent data. They have fairly high coefficients of determination.
Rekayasa Gambar Cara Kerja Alat Ucap Menghasilkan Bunyi Vokal dan Konsonan Bahasa Indonesia dalam Pembelajaran Fonologi Berbasis Project Based Learning-PjBL
Authors: Akhayaruddin Akhayaruddin , Yusra Hilman 
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan menerapkan model Project Based Learning-PjBL dalam pembelajaran “rekayasa gambar cara kerja alat ucap menghasilkan bunyi vocal dan konsonan bahasa Indonesia”. Metode yang digunakan sesuai dengan langkah-langkah pembelajaran berbasis proyek, yaitu diawali dengan (1) menyusun masalah utama dan prosedur pemecahannya; (2) membentuk kelompok belajar, menjelaskan tujuan pembelajaran, dan skenario pemecahan masalah; (3) mengidentifikasi fakta, konsep dalam masalah, dan menghubungkannya dengan berbagai sumber/informasi yang relevan, dan menetapkan alternatif pemecahan masalah yang berkaitan dengan “rekayasa gambar cara kerja alat ucap menghasilkan bunyi vocal dan konsonan bahasa Indonesia”, (4) mengkomunikasikan hasil pemecahan masalah lengkap dengan alasannya dalam bentuk presentasi klasikal; (5) menilai partisipasi aktif mahasiswa dan produk proyek yang dihasilkannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran berbasis proyek dapat menciptakan suasana belajar yang autentik, aktif-partisipatif, autentik, kolaboratif, dan inovatif; prestasi belajar mahasiswa pun meningkat dengan capaian rerata nialai katif-partisipatif dan nialai proyek Kelompok I 86 berkategori sangat baik (A); Kelompok II 84,5 berkategori sangat baik (A); Kelompok III 82 berkategori sangat baik (A); dan Kelompok IV 89,5 berkategori sangat baik (A).
Some results in asymptotic analysis of finite-energy sequences of
one-dimensional Cahn–Hilliard functional with non-standard two-well potential
Authors:   Department of Economics and Mathematics, Zagreb School of Economics and Management, Filipa Vukasovića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia, Raguž Andrija 
Published: June 2024

In this paper we extend the consideration of G. Leoni
pertaining to the finite-energy sequences of the one-dimensional
Cahn-Hilliard functional
\[
I^{\varepsilon}_0(u)=\int_{0}^{1}\Big({\varepsilon}^2
u'^2(s)+W(u(s))\Big)ds,
\]
where \(u\in {\rm H}^{1}(0,1)\) and where \(W\) is a two-well
potential with symmetrically placed wells endowed with a
non-standard integrability condition. We introduce several new
classes of finite-energy sequences, we recover their underlying geometric properties as
\(\varepsilon\longrightarrow 0\), and we prove the related compactness result.
Implementasi Pengenalan Lapangan Persekolahan (PLP) I, Minat Menagajar terhadap Kesiapan Menjadi Guru bagi Mahasiswa
Authors: Hevitria  , Maulana Said Akhmad , Nurwandi  
Published: June 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui implementasi pengenalan lapangan persekolahan (PLP) I di sekolah, terhhadap kesiapan mengajar menjadi guru bagi mahasiswa. Pengenalan Lapangan Persekolahan (PLP) I merupakan kegiatan Fakultas yang rutin dilaksanakan selama 10 hari di bulan Februari. Kegiatan ini merupakan proses pengamatan selama di sekolah, observasi yang dilakukan adalah tentang keadaan sekolah, proses pembelajaran serta budaya yang ada di sekolah. Adapun populasi dari penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa dari Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan dengan empat prodi: PGSD, PJKR, PMTK dana PBI dengan total 344 mahasiswa dan terdiri dari 33 sekolah yang ada di Pangkalpinang. Penumpulan data menggunakan google form dan KHS yang diperoleh dari tata usaha Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Unmuh Babel. Adapun teknik analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi linear ganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif dari penerapan PLP I pada variabel kesiapan mengajar bagi mahasiswa FKIP. Hasil uji Kolmogorov menunjukkan bahwa 0,209 > 0,05 yang mengartikan bahwa data residual berdistribusi normal. Adapun hasil dari uji regresi linear sederhana menunjukkan bahwa 0,000 < 0,05. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa antara variabel independen dan variabel dependen terdapat hubungan yang linear

Keywords: PLP, Mahasiswa, Kesiapan Mengajar
DEIKSIS SOSIAL PADA NOVEL SAGARAS KARYA TERE LIYE
Authors: Izar Julisah , Sholiha Mar’atun , Wanti Nurdiana , Losi Rizky Vita 
Published: June 2024

Dalam ilmu pragmatik, khususnya pada kajian dieksis terdapat beberapa jenis yang harus diketahui, salah satunya adalah jenis deiksis sosial. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji jenis deiksis sosial yang terdapat pada novel SagaraS karya Tere Liye dan untuk mengetahui fungsi apa saja pada novel tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengolahan data analisis secara deskriptif, di mana peneliti menjabarkan hasil dari data temuan yang ada ditemukan, kemudian dijabarkan secara jelas dan terperinci. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, deiksis sosial yang terdapat pada novel SagaraS adalah sebanyak tiga puluh dua data yang mana terdapat perbedaan sosial dari faktor usia, status dan hubungan antara teman sebaya.
Numerical evaluation of spinal reconstruction using a 3D printed vertebral body replacement implant: effects of material anisotropy
Authors: Kang Jianfeng , Wu Yanlong , Qiao Jian 
Published: June 2024

Background and objectiveArtificial vertebral implants have been widely used for functional reconstruction of vertebral defects caused by tumors or trauma. However, the evaluation of their biomechanical properties often neglects the influence of material anisotropy derived from the host bone and implant’s microstructures. Hence, this study aims to investigate the effect of material anisotropy on the safety and stability of vertebral reconstruction.Material and methodsTwo finite element models were developed to reflect the difference of material properties between linear elastic isotropy and nonlinear anisotropy. Their biomechanical evaluation was carried out under different load conditions including flexion, extension, lateral bending and axial rotation. These performances of two models with respect to safety and stability were analyzed and compared quantitatively based on the predicted von Mises stress, displacement and effective strain.ResultsThe maximum von Mises stress of each component in both models was lower than the yield strength of respective material, while the predicted results of nonlinear anisotropic model were generally below to those of the linear elastic isotropic model. Furthermore, the maximum von Mises stress of natural vertebra and reconstructed system was decreased by 2–37 MPa and 20–61 MPa, respectively. The maximum reductions for the translation displacement of the artificial vertebral body implant and motion range of whole model were reached to 0.26 mm and 0.77°. The percentage of effective strain elements on the superior and inferior endplates adjacent to implant was diminished by up to 19.7% and 23.1%, respectively.ConclusionAfter comprehensive comparison, these results indicated that the finite element model with the assumption of linear elastic isotropy may underestimate the safety of the reconstruction system, while misdiagnose higher stability by overestimating the range of motion and bone growth capability.
Chronic electrical stimulation with a peripheral suprachoroidal retinal implant: a preclinical safety study of neuroprotective stimulation
Authors: Abbott Carla J. , Allen Penelope J. , Williams Chris E. , Williams Richard A. , Epp Stephanie B. , Burns Owen , Thomas Ross , Harrison Mark , Thien Patrick C. , Saunders Alexia , McGowan Ceara , Sloan Caitlin , Luu Chi D. , Nayagam David A. X. 
Published: June 2024

PurposeExtraocular electrical stimulation is known to provide neuroprotection for retinal cells in retinal and optic nerve diseases. Currently, the treatment approach requires patients to set up extraocular electrodes and stimulate potentially weekly due to the lack of an implantable stimulation device. Hence, a minimally-invasive implant was developed to provide chronic electrical stimulation to the retina, potentially improving patient compliance for long-term use. The aim of the present study was to determine the surgical and stimulation safety of this novel device designed for neuroprotective stimulation.MethodsEight normally sighted adult feline subjects were monocularly implanted in the suprachoroidal space in the peripheral retina for 9–39 weeks. Charge balanced, biphasic, current pulses (100 μA, 500 µs pulse width and 50 pulses/s) were delivered continuously to platinum electrodes for 3–34 weeks. Electrode impedances were measured hourly. Retinal structure and function were assessed at 1-, 2-, 4-, 6- and 8-month using electroretinography, optical coherence tomography and fundus photography. Retina and fibrotic thickness were measured from histological sections. Randomized, blinded histopathological assessments of stimulated and non-stimulated retina were performed.ResultsAll subjects tolerated the surgical and stimulation procedure with no evidence of discomfort or unexpected adverse outcomes. The device position was stable after a post-surgery settling period. Median electrode impedance remained within a consistent range (5–10 kΩ) over time. There was no change in retinal thickness or function relative to baseline and fellow eyes. Fibrotic capsule thickness was equivalent between stimulated and non-stimulated tissue and helps to hold the device in place. There was no scarring, insertion trauma, necrosis, retinal damage or fibroblastic response in any retinal samples from implanted eyes, whilst 19% had a minimal histiocytic response, 19% had minimal to mild acute inflammation and 28% had minimal to mild chronic inflammation.ConclusionChronic suprathreshold electrical stimulation of the retina using a minimally invasive device evoked a mild tissue response and no adverse clinical findings. Peripheral suprachoroidal electrical stimulation with an implanted device could potentially be an alternative approach to transcorneal electrical stimulation for delivering neuroprotective stimulation.
Weakly supervised pre-training for brain tumor segmentation using principal axis measurements of tumor burden
Authors: Mckone Joshua E. , Lambrou Tryphon , Ye Xujiong , Brown James M. 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionState-of-the-art multi-modal brain tumor segmentation methods often rely on large quantities of manually annotated data to produce acceptable results. In settings where such labeled data may be scarce, there may be value in exploiting cheaper or more readily available data through clinical trials, such as Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO).MethodsThis study demonstrates the utility of such measurements for multi-modal brain tumor segmentation, whereby an encoder network is first trained to regress synthetic “Pseudo-RANO” measurements using a mean squared error loss with cosine similarity penalty to promote orthogonality of the principal axes. Using oriented bounding-boxes to measure overlap with the ground truth, we show that the encoder model can reliably estimate tumor principal axes with good performance. The trained encoder was combined with a randomly initialized decoder for fine-tuning as a U-Net architecture for whole tumor (WT) segmentation.ResultsOur results demonstrate that weakly supervised encoder models converge faster than those trained without pre-training and help minimize the annotation burden when trained to perform segmentation.DiscussionThe use of cheap, low-fidelity labels in the context allows for both faster and more stable training with fewer densely segmented ground truth masks, which has potential uses outside this particular paradigm.
Integrating immersive technologies with STEM education: a systematic review
Authors: Tene Talia , Marcatoma Tixi Jessica Alexandra , Palacios Robalino María de Lourdes , Mendoza Salazar María José , Vacacela Gomez Cristian , Bellucci Stefano 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveThis systematic review aims to synthesize current knowledge on integrating immersive technologies, namely Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR), in Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics (STEM) education, and to lighten their impact on student performance and engagement.MethodsAdhering to PRISMA guidelines, a detailed search strategy across Scopus and Web of Science databases identified relevant peer-reviewed journal articles published from 2002 to 2023. The PICOS approach informed our inclusion criteria, focusing on empirical studies that assessed the application of VR and AR technologies in Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics (STEM) educational settings. Studies were evaluated for methodological quality, and data extraction was meticulous, with variables categorized as engagement, performance, or a combination of both.AnalysisA descriptive and statistical analysis using chi-square tests was employed to examine the relationship between the type of technology (AR, VR, XR, MR) and the educational outcomes. This quantitative assessment provided a nuanced understanding of the interplay between various immersive technologies and their pedagogical effectiveness.ResultsOut of 143 initially identified articles, 22 met the inclusion criteria for detailed analysis. Findings revealed that AR was the most studied technology, followed by VR. Most studies reported positive effects on student engagement and performance, with increased effectiveness being less frequently observed. A notable portion of the studies specifically investigated the combination of performance and engagement, underscoring the multifaceted benefits of immersive technologies in education.ConclusionsImmersive technologies are reshaping STEM education by enhancing engagement and performance. Integrating VR and AR offers promising educational benefits, including improved comprehension of complex concepts, increased student motivation, and enriched collaborative learning experiences. However, the field requires a globally inclusive and adaptable framework for rapid technological evolution and diverse educational contexts. Future research should broaden its scope to include multilingual literature and non-traditional academic channels, ensure ethical standards are upheld, and focus on personalization and adaptability to maximize the educational potential of these technologies.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on Body Mass Index: a three-year follow up study in 6,156 Chinese college students
Authors: Li Haoxuan , Song Yiling , Wang Yangyang , Feng Xiaolu , Li Chengwei , Peng Jianmin , Yu Hongjun 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundThe novel coronavirus disease 2019 as the most pervasive and consequential pandemic in recent years, has exerted significant impacts on human health, including aspects related to body weight. Objectives: This study aims to assess the influence of the lockdown measures implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic on Chinese college students’ Body Mass Index (BMI) through a three-year cohort study.MethodsWe recruited 6156 college students (n = 4,248, 69% male, and n = 1,908, 31% female, with an average age of 18.68 ± 0.86 yr.) from a University in China to participate in this three-year cohort study. All of the subjects took the same physical fitness tests from 2019 to 2021 (pre-lockdown, during lockdown and post-lockdown). Participants’ height and weight data were objectively measured by Tongfang Health Fitness Testing Products 5000 series. A paired t-test was performed in the analysis.ResultsDuring the lockdown, there is 4.2% increase of BMI among the college student (p&lt;0.001). Moreover, males had a greater overall mean BMI rate increase of 4.74% (p&lt;0.001) than females (2.86%, p&lt;0.001). After the lockdown, there is 0.94% increase of BMI among the college student (p&lt;0.001). However, females had a greater overall mean BMI rate increase of 1.49% (p&lt;0.001) than males (0.72%, p&lt;0.001). During this period, the obese and overweight group’s growth rate from 2019 to 2020 was smaller than the normal and underweight group, which were 2.94% (p&lt;0.001), 3.90% (p&lt;0.001), 4.44% (p&lt;0.001) and 5.25% (p&lt;0.001), respectively.ConclusionBMI increased both during and post-lockdown periods among Chinese college students. However, during the lockdown, participants with higher BMI groups appeared to have a diminished BMI growth rate compared to those with lower BMI. After the lockdown, participants with higher BMI levels appeared to have an augmented BMI growth rate. Public policy action is needed to increase the level of physical activity of Chinese college students and take action to improve students’ physical fitness performance after the lockdown.