bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioral symptoms of eating disorders in Native Americans: Results from the add health survey wave III
Authors: Striegel‐Moore Ruth H. , Rosselli Francine , Holtzman Niki , Dierker Lisa , Becker Anne E. , Swaney Gyda 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjective:To examine prevalence and correlates (gender, Body Mass Index) of disordered eating in American Indian/Native American (AI/NA) and white young adults.Method:We examined data from the 10,334 participants (mean age 21.93 years, SD = 1.8) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (ADD Health) Wave III for gender differences among AI/NA participants (236 women, 253 men) and ethnic group differences on measures of eating pathology.Results:Among AI/NA groups, women were significantly more likely than men to report loss of control and embarrassment due to overeating. In gender‐stratified analyses, a significantly higher prevalence of AI/NA women reported disordered eating behaviors compared with white women; there were no between group differences in prevalence for breakfast skipping or having been diagnosed with an eating disorder. Among men, disordered eating behaviors were uncommon and no comparison was statistically significant.Discussion:Our study offers a first glimpse into the problem of eating pathology among AI/NA individuals. Gender differences among AI/NA participants are similar to results reported in white samples. That AI/NA women were as likely as white women to have been diagnosed with an eating disorder is striking in light of well documented under‐utilization of mental health care among AI/NA individuals. © 2011 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2011)
Interference elimination of an amperometric glucose biosensor using poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) membrane
Authors: Abdul‐Aziz Azila , Wong Fui‐Ling 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA permselective membrane fabricated from photo‐cross‐linked poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) was studied as a potential selective membrane that can eliminate electrochemical interferences commonly faced by a hydrogen peroxide‐based biosensor. The quantitative selection of the permselective membrane was based on the permeabilities of hydrogen peroxide and acetaminophen (AC). AC was used as a model of the interfering substance due to its neutral nature. pHEMA membrane with the cross‐linking ratio of 0.043 was found to achieve a selectivity of hydrogen peroxide over AC of 10, while maintaining an acceptable degree of hydrogen peroxide response. A two‐layer glucose biosensor model consisting of glucose oxidase entrapped within a freeze‐thawed poly(vinyl alcohol) matrix and the cross‐linked pHEMA membrane was challenged with AC, ascorbic acid and uric acid. 0.2 mM AC and 0.2 mM ascorbic acid were completely eliminated. However, 0.2 mM uric acid could not be completely eliminated and still gave a bias of approximately 6.6% relative to 5 mM glucose. The results showed that cross‐linked pHEMA was quite promising as an interference eliminating inner membrane.
Recovery of lysozyme from hen egg white by selective magnetic cake filtration
Authors: Eichholz Christian , Silvestre Martín , Franzreb Matthias , Nirschl Hermann 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA new concept for the improvement of the downstream processing and purification is the so‐called magnetic separation. By using surface functionalized magnetic substrate particles, which selectively adsorb the target product, it can be directly separated out of a crude bioprocess stream. These methods are already used for analytical purposes, where only small amounts of functionalized particles are necessary. To apply the same concept at a larger scale, effective and economical procedures have to be provided. First, suitable process equipment has to be developed. Second, the magnetic particles have to be manufactured with a stable surface functionalization and long‐term stability for their reuse. Up to now mainly high‐gradient magnetic separation filter devices are applied for selective magnetic separation. They consist of a magnetic matrix in which the magnetic particles are trapped. In this work, a new magnetic filter is introduced that overcomes the capacity limitations of the current high‐gradient magnetic separation technology. The principle is demonstrated by selective recovery of lysozyme from hen egg white. Prior to the separation experiments magnetic beads with a strong acid cation‐exchange surface functionalization are synthesized. The separation procedure is implemented in only one unit operation. With the implementation of the displacement elution sequence lysozyme can be separated out of a hen egg white solution with a purification factor of PF=36 and a purity P=0.83.
Zinc‐finger‐based transcriptional repression of rhodopsin in a model of dominant retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Mussolino Claudio , Sanges Daniela , Marrocco Elena , Bonetti Ciro , Di Vicino Umberto , Marigo Valeria , Auricchio Alberto , Meroni Germana , Surace Enrico Maria 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDespite the recent success of gene‐based complementation approaches for genetic recessive traits, the development of therapeutic strategies for gain‐of‐function mutations poses great challenges. General therapeutic principles to correct these genetic defects mostly rely on post‐transcriptional gene regulation (RNA silencing). Engineered zinc‐finger (ZF) protein‐based repression of transcription may represent a novel approach for treating gain‐of‐function mutations, although proof‐of‐concept of this use is still lacking. Here, we generated a series of transcriptional repressors to silence human rhodopsin (hRHO), the gene most abundantly expressed in retinal photoreceptors. The strategy was designed to suppress both the mutated and the wild‐type hRHO allele in a mutational‐independent fashion, to overcome mutational heterogeneity of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa due to hRHO mutations. Here we demonstrate that ZF proteins promote a robust transcriptional repression of hRHO in a transgenic mouse model of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. Furthermore, we show that specifically decreasing the mutated human RHO transcript in conjunction with unaltered expression of the endogenous murine Rho gene results in amelioration of disease progression, as demonstrated by significant improvements in retinal morphology and function. This zinc‐finger‐based mutation‐independent approach paves the way towards a ‘repression–replacement’ strategy, which is expected to facilitate widespread applications in the development of novel therapeutics for a variety of disorders that are due to gain‐of‐function mutations.
Complexity reduced space ML detection for other‐cell interference mitigation in SIMO cellular systems
Authors: Lee Seung‐Hwan , Kim Hyung‐Sin , Lee Yong‐Hwan 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe use of a space maximum likelihood (S‐ML) detection scheme is known to be optimum to mitigate other‐cell interference (OCI) near the cell boundary. However, it is not applicable mainly due to implementation complexity. To reduce the implementation complexity, we consider combined use of S‐ML detection and minimum‐mean‐square‐error based ordered successive interference cancellation (MMSE‐OSIC) in single‐input multi‐output cellular systems. Instead of exhaustive full search for the S‐ML detection, the proposed scheme considers ML metric only for signal vectors of desired and adjacent base stations determined by the MMSE‐OSIC. The analytic and simulation results show that the proposed scheme can provide performance almost the same as the S‐ML detection scheme near the cell boundary environment, while remarkably reducing the implementation complexity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient and facile ultrasonic‐accelerated one‐pot synthesis of N‐acetyl‐2‐aryl‐1, 2‐dihydro‐(4H)‐3,1‐benzoxazin‐4‐ones
Authors: Azarifar Davood , Sheikh Davood 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAn application of ultrasonic irradiation in the one‐pot synthesis of N‐acetyl‐2‐aryl‐1,2‐dihydro‐(4H)‐3,1‐benzoxazin‐4‐ones from the condensation reaction between aromatic aldehydes and anthranilic acid in the presence of excess amount of acetic anhydride has been explored. The reactions proceed smoothly under mild and solvent‐free conditions at room temperature in the absence of any catalyst to afford the products in good to excellent yields. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:106–113, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20663
Regioselectivity of nitrilimines 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition: Novel synthesis of spiro[4,4]nona‐2,8‐dien‐6‐one derivatives
Authors: Miqdad Omar A. , Abunada Nada M. , Hassaneen Hamdi M. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractRegioselective 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines (generated in situ from dehydrohalogenation of the corresponding hydrazonoyl halides by the action of triethylamine) with 4‐arylidene‐1‐aryl‐2‐phenyl‐1H‐imidazol‐5(4H)‐one 3 afforded the corresponding spiro[4,4]nona‐2,8‐dien‐6‐one 4. The reaction was carried out in dry benzene under reflux temperature. Refluxing in acetic acid, 4a was converted to its respective N‐phenylpyrazole‐5‐carboxamide 8. The structures of prepared compounds were established by elemental analyses and spectral data (IR, MS, 1H, and 13C NMR). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:131–136, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20666
Building Logic into Peptide Networks: Bottom‐Up and Top‐Down
Authors: Ashkenasy Gonen , Dadon Zehavit , Alesebi Samaa , Wagner Nathaniel , Ashkenasy Nurit 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this review we discuss our recent efforts directed at understanding the dynamics of catalytic networks, and their utility for performing Boolean logic operations. We start by explaining the “recipe” for the design of experimental, peptide‐based, replication networks, and then the approach we take for simulating their kinetics. The studied networks can be manipulated in order to facilitate molecular replication through all 2‐input Boolean logic operations, and furthermore the operational catalytic pathways can be wired together to perform more complex computational modules and network motifs. Beyond just simulations and the basic experiments, we show that while in principle all the gates may be constructed, symmetry and order constraints limit the types of logic that may be practically achieved. Finally, we describe the use of adaptive networks that form logic gates by responding to changes in the environment (pH, salt, and light), and the first steps towards realization of the performance of switching and gating molecular electronic devices using the peptides.
The impact of website design on the perceived credibility of internet financial reporting
Authors: Allport Christopher D. , Pendley John A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMarketing and information systems research show that surface features of a website can induce credibility effects. We conduct an experiment to examine the question of credibility effects induced by the surface features of web‐based financial reporting. We predict that participants will perceive financial data from sites with surface flaws (poor style and incompleteness) to be of lower credibility. Consistent with our expectations, we find that surface features can significantly affect users' perceptions of the credibility of financial information. We present further analyses showing that website surface features also impact investment attractiveness, suggesting that website characteristics may adversely affect investor perceptions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eliciting probabilistic expectations with visual aids in developing countries: how sensitive are answers to variations in elicitation design?
Authors: Delavande Adeline , Giné Xavier , McKenzie David 
Published: January 2011

AbstractEliciting subjective probability distributions in developing countries is often based on visual aids such as beans to represent probabilities and intervals on a sheet of paper to represent the support. We conduct an experiment in India which tests the sensitivity of elicited expectations to variations in three facets of the elicitation methodology: the number of beans, the design of the support (predetermined or self‐anchored), and the ordering of questions. Our results show remarkable robustness to variations in elicitation design. Nevertheless, the added precision offered by using more beans and a larger number of intervals with a predetermined support improves accuracy. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional and comparative study of lingual papillae in four species of bear (ursidae) by scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Pastor J.F. , Barbosa M. , de Paz F.J. , García M. , Ferrero E. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe eight current species of bear (Ursidae) are widely distributed throughout Europe, Asia, and America. They are mainly encountered in the northern hemisphere, except for the spectacled bear and the sun bear, which are also found in the south of the equator. Adaptations of the masticatory apparatus (teeth, tongue, and musculature) to diet are one of the factors that imply the greatest structural changes in the cranium. This diet may be carnivorous, herbivorous, melliferous, or insectivorous, with one type of food predominating according to the time of year. The way in which food is eaten determines the morphology of the lingual surface; generally speaking, all bears put their mouth to the food, which, initially, they lick or they let the food stick to their tongue, as occurs when insects are eaten. As in all mammals, a distinction can be made between mechanical and gustatory papillae and the development and distribution of which depend on the species and their eating habits. In this study of the complete tongues of four species of adult bears, we describe the morphology of the lingual surfaces, the different types of papillae, their characteristics, and topographic distribution. It was seen that there were five main types of lingual papillae: filiform, conical, fungiform, foliate, and vallate. Morphology of the microgrooves and pores was similar to that observed in other mammals. In general, there were no great differences among the four species of bears studied, perhaps due to the similarity in the kind of food they consume in captivity. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Facilitating sustainable rural development — an experience from Zambia
Authors: Goldman Ian , Mellors Robert , Pudsey David 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis paper describes the experience of an ODA funded Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) in Northern Zambia over the period 1980–86. In contrast to existing Zambian IRDPs it chose to follow a ‘learning process’ approach in working as a facilitator with three District Councils. The start of the programme coincided with the passing of decentralisation legislation in 1980. Thus the programme was drawn very much into the practicalities of helping the newly constituted Councils work out effective administrative structures and systems for rural development including planning, co‐ordination, project implementation, monitoring and evaluation. The emphasis of the programme was on institution building through ‘learning by doing’ utilising donor funds for the construction of essential infrastructure. The programme subsequently evolved to cover the operational programmes of District Departments and the development of systems for the rehabilitation and maintenance of infrastructure.The experiences are viewed from four perspectives – the District Authorities, the Donor, the Central Zambian Government and the IRDP team, all of which had to accept change as the process put pressures on them. Considerable success has been achieved at District level; the donors have demonstrated a new flexibility and confidence; the IRDP team have learnt a great deal about the facilitation process; Central Government, despite its early commitment is now faced with the implications of it's policy which mean giving real power to the Districts.
Review article: Effective stabilisation policy in less developed countries
Authors: Mosley Paul 
Published: January 2011

AbstractGrowth‐Oriented Adjustment Programmes. By VITTORIO CORBO. MORRIS GOLDSTEIN and MOHSIN KHAN (eds.). (Washington DC., IMF and World Bank, 1987, pp.553, $25.)Varieties of Stabilisation Experience: Towards Sensible Macroeconomics in the Third World. By LANCE TAYLOR. (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1988, pp.180, £19.50.)
Comment: Maize research in Malawi
Authors: Heisey Paul W. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractJonathan Kydd's analysis of the history of maize research in Malawi argues successfully that the reasons for the low rate of adoption of high yielding maize varieties lie in an insufficient appreciation of local processing and storage requirements. The analysis, however, raises further questions. In particular, Kydd's conclusion that maize research by multinational seed corporations might be more effective than public sector research is not supported by adequate evidence. The existing evidence suggests that though these corporations are likely to play an increasing role in developing counties, they are unlikely to direct their efforts to the needs of the poor.
Industrialization and structural change in developing countries
Authors: Nixson Frederick I. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractStudies of economic growth have produced much evidence of similarities in development patterns of most countries. There are always dangers in cross‐country studies that unique historical, economic and political' factors might be ignored, but when countries are grouped according to size, resource endowment and trade orientation, factors making for uniformity in patters of structural change appear to predominate. The identification of ‘normal’ patterns of structural change and industrialisation is useful for policy‐makers, not in the sense that they provide rigid guidelines but rather in the sense that they raise important issues relating to the nature and consequences of structural change and appropriate policy responses.
Inflation and its predictability in high‐inflation Latin American countries: Some evidence on two competing hypotheses – a research note
Authors: Maskus Keith E. , Pourgerami Abbas 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this paper we argue that the relationship between inflation and the accuracy of inflation predictions in high‐inflation countries, such as those in Latin America, is ambiguous. Several empirical studies have measured a positive link between the level of inflation and its variability, suggesting that inflation uncertainty rises with the level of inflation. Others have noted, however, that variability measures may not capture uncertainty and that the evidence on a positive relationship between inflation and its uncertainty is weak. In fact, the relationship could, in principle, be negative and we present here some evidence from Latin America that supports partially this latter view. The reason for the potentially negative effect of inflation on inflation uncertainty is that in a high‐inflation environment economic agents invest more resources in generating accurate inflation forecasts and in developing instruments capable of reducing the uncertainty costs of high inflation. In general, however, there is no clear relationship between inflation and its predictability.
Economic policies and rangeland degradation in Botswana
Authors: Arntzen Jaap W. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe author addresses himself to the factors responsible for current trends in Botswana's rangeland degradation. and what the Government could do to arrest it. He considers the evidence for degradation, its causes and effects. Economic policies to promote the livestock sector – especially the price of meat and livestock subsidies – have stimulated the growth of livestock numbers. At thesame time, there has been no attempt to recover from livestock owners the true economic cost of their activities on the environment. The author is critical of moves towards effective privatization of rangeland use, compared with the former system of communal management.
Environmental issues in the cities of the developing world: The case of Mexico City
Authors: And Nigel Harris , Puente Sergio 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIt is argued that the process of urbanisation in industrializing countries such as Mexico is basically productive, but the Government is reluctant to use the controls in its possession to contain the harm it does to the city environment. The state of Mexico City's environment is examined from a number of viewpoints – industry, transport, water supply, waste disposal, air pollution and health. Existing regulations and policies are poorly implemented. The authors argue, however, that the means and the technology exist for dealing with the environment, given political will and institutional reforms.
Macroeconomic policies and sustainable development in the third World
Authors: Hansen Stein 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAdjustment and programme lending operations by the multilateral development banks and the IMF have been developed over the last decade in response to structural macroeconomic and sectorial problems and now constitute as much as 25 per cent of new lending.The central questions pertaining to such macro policies and the economic models developed and used by the agencies and governments in preparation for the design of such programmes are as follows:

Have adjustment operations caused environmental degradation?
Do their particular policy objectives make them a likely cause of such degradation?
Do they take enough account of environmental implications?

Three studies have reviewed such operations by the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank and the following answers represent how far our present understanding has progressed:

Far from being a major source of environmental degradation in developing countries, adjustment and programme lending operations appear, on balance, to have a bias in favour of the environment;
With adequate complementary measures to make sure they are implemented correctly, the policies can be manipulated to achieve environmental as well as economic objectives.
Determination of cypromazine and its metabolite melamine in milk by cation‐selective exhaustive injection and sweeping‐capillary micellar electrokinetic chromatography
Authors: Li Xuegang , Hu Jiwei , Han Heyou 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this study, we described a high‐sensitive on‐line preconcentration method for cypromazine (CYP) and melamine (MEL) analysis using cation‐selective exhaustive injection (CSEI) combined with sweeping‐MEKC. The optimum conditions of on‐line concentration and separation were discussed. The BGE contained 100 mM SDS, 50 mM phosphoric acid (pH=2.0) and 15% acetonitrile (v/v). The sample was injected at 10 kV for 600 s, separated at −20 kV, and detected at 210 nm. The sensitivity enhancements were 6222 for CYP and 9179 for MEL. The linear dynamic ranges were 0.4−25 ng/mL for CYP (r=0.9995) and 0.2−12 ng/mL for MEL (r=0.9991). The LODs (signal‐to‐noise ratio, 3) were 43.7 and 23.4 pg/mL for CYP and MEL, respectively. The proposed method was applied to analyze CYP and MEL in dairy products pretreated using off‐line SPE to minimize the influence of the matrix. The recoveries of CYP and MEL were satisfactory (ca. 74–83%). The experimental results suggest that the CSEI‐sweeping‐MEKC method is feasible for the application to simultaneously detect trace levels of CYP and its metabolite MEL in real milk samples.