bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initial Investigations of Hops as a Salmonid Egg Fungicide
Authors: Barnes Joseph M , Dupont Taylor R , Barnes Michael E , Durben Dan J , Dixson John A 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Hatchery incubation of salmonid eggs typically requires the use of chemical fungicides that possess potential negative effects on human health or the environment. Strobiles from the hops Humulus lupulus plant have exhibited antimicrobial properties in nonaquaculture situations. This study investigated the use of hops as an alternative zoosporic fungal treatment with three experiments. In the first experiment, dried strobiles from wild variety hops were ground and placed at two concentrations in petri dishes containing sesame seeds and hatchery water containing Saprolegnia diclina. There was a positive relationship between the concentrations of hops and the amount of time elapsed before the observance of zoosporic fungal infestation. In subsequent experiments, the antimycotic activity of two concentrations of commercially available Summit variety hop pellets were evaluated using dead Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha eggs in vertical-flow incubation trays. In the second experiment, which involved static treatments of either 24 or 48 g of hop pellets wrapped in cheesecloth, zoosporic fungi appeared on the eggs in all the treatments at the same time and developed at the same rate. In the third experiment, the cheesecloth was eliminated and hop pellets were placed directly in the incubation trays at amounts of either 224 g for the entire duration of the experiment, or 112 g initially with 88 g of hops added after 3 d. Zoosporic fungi did not appear on the dead eggs in any of the hops treatment trays until 72 h after water mold was observed on the controls. Hops also delayed complete egg infestation by 72 h. Results from these experiments indicate for the first time the potential use of both wild and commercially available hops to control zoosporic fungi on incubating salmonid eggs.
Impact of rotating resonant magnetic perturbation fields on plasma edge electron density and temperature
Authors: Stoschus H. , Schmitz O. , Frerichs H. , Reiser D. , Jakubowski M.W. , Unterberg B. , Lehnen M. , Reiter D. , Samm U. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Rotating resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) fields impose a characteristic modulation to the edge electron density n
e(r, t) and temperature T
e(r, t) fields, which depends on the relative rotation f
rel between external RMP field and plasma fluid. The n
e(r, t) and T
e(r, t) fields measured in the edge (r/a = 0.9–1.05) of TEXTOR L-mode plasmas are in close correlation with the local magnetic vacuum topology for low relative rotation f
rel = −0.2 kHz. In comparison with the 3D neutral and plasma transport code EMC3-Eirene, this provides substantial experimental evidence that for low relative rotation level and high resonant field amplitudes (normalized radial field strength

), a stochastic edge with a remnant island chain dominated by diffusive transport exists. Radially outside a helical scrape-off layer, the so-called laminar zone embedded into a stochastic domain is found to exist. In contrast for high relative rotation of f
rel = 1.8 kHz, the measured modulation of n
e is shifted by π/2 toroidally with respect to the modelled vacuum topology. A pronounced flattening in T
e(r) and a reduction in n
e(r) is measured at the resonant flux surface and represents a clear signature for a magnetic island, which is phase shifted with respect to the vacuum island position. A correlated shift of the laminar zone radially outwards at the very plasma edge is observed suggesting that the actual near-field structure at the perturbation source is determined by the plasma response as well.
Measurement and calculation of Alfvén eigenmode damping and excitation over a full toroidal spectrum
Authors: Sears J. , Parker R.R. , Snipes J.A. , Golfinopoulos T. , Bader A. , Kramer G.J. , Tang V. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
A broadband experimental study of Alfvén eigenmode (AE) damping and excitation examines both low-n and high-n AEs (0 < |n| < 9) with a single diagnostic. Direct measurements of the damping rate of stable AEs with the active MHD system, in conjunction with analytic and numerical calculation, indicate that AE stabilization in Alcator C-Mod is largely due to radiative damping. AEs are also regularly observed to become unstable during ICRF heating above 3 MW. The most unstable modes have moderate-n around n = −4, in agreement with the common scaling of k

θ

ρ
fast ≈ 1 at maximum excitation.
Sprat feeding behaviour, selective predation, and impact on plaice egg mortality
Authors: Plirú Antonio , van der Kooij Jeroen , Engelhard Georg H. , Fox Clive J. , Milligan Stephen P. , Hunter Ewan 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Plirú, A., van der Kooij, J., Engelhard, G. H., Fox, C. J., Milligan, S. P., and Hunter, E. 2012. Sprat feeding behaviour, selective predation, and impact on plaice egg mortality. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 1019–1029. Although the causes of fish egg and larval mortality are poorly understood, predation is thought to be a major contributing factor. The feeding behaviour of sprat at a plaice spawning ground in the Irish Sea during February 2009 is described and their contribution to plaice egg mortality investigated. Acoustic observations and analysis of stomach contents revealed diel behaviour, with dense schools associated with feeding formed during daylight dispersing into thinly spread aggregations at dusk. Of 338 stomachs analysed, 95% contained identifiable prey items. Feeding activity peaked between 10:00 and 18:00, for all food groups. Numerically, gadoid eggs were the most frequently consumed prey (64%), followed by copepods (25%) and plaice eggs (7%). Plaice eggs were present in 91% of the stomachs analysed. Converting stomach content data to daily consumption suggested that sprat may consume 73% of all plaice eggs spawned in the area. Predation by sprat appears to account for a large proportion of plaice egg mortality, so the abundance and distribution of this pelagic predator may have important consequences for the recruitment dynamics of other fish species. Moreover, fish eggs may be an important energy source for sprat during late winter, when alternative prey is scarce.
Atlantic salmon post-smolt migration routes in the Gulf of St. Lawrence
Authors: Lefèvre Marylise A. , Stokesbury Michael J. W. , Whoriskey Frederick G. , Dadswell Michael J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractLefèvre, M. A., Stokesbury, M. J. W., Whoriskey, F. G., and Dadswell, M. J. 2012. Atlantic salmon post-smolt migration routes in the Gulf of St. Lawrence – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 981–990. The migration of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) post-smolts from the Rivière Saint-Jean on the north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence (Canada) was studied during 2009 and 2010. Salmon from rivers in this region spend ≥2 years at sea before returning to spawn, and are believed to migrate to ocean feeding areas off Greenland. To determine residency time in the nearshore environment, and to define the migration routes of post-smolts, tagged post-smolts were tracked passively in Jacques Cartier Strait and at the two exits of the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the Atlantic Ocean (Cabot Strait and the Strait of Belle Isle). Post-smolts moved rapidly south in the nearshore area; two of them were detected 45 km south of the estuary exit, suggesting that they were moving towards the centre of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. One tagged post-smolt was detected exiting the Gulf of St. Lawrence via the Strait of Belle Isle after 44 d and exhibited a minimum swimming speed of 14.4 km d−1. There was no apparent linkage between the detection patterns of post-smolts and surface water temperatures or surface water currents close to shore. Post-smolts, however, appeared to orient to higher salinity.
TOPICAL STEROIDAL AND NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS FOR THE TREATMENT OF CYSTOID MACULAR EDEMA IN RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA
Authors: Park Soo , Lim Lik T. , Gavin Michael P. 
Published: June 2012

Purpose:
Oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors have been the treatment of choice for managing cystoid macular edema (CMO) in retinitis pigmentosa. We report a case illustrating the effectiveness of topical steroidal and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in managing CMO in a patient with retinitis pigmentosa, who is unable to take oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor because of chronic renal impairment.

Methods:
An 85-year-old woman with retinitis pigmentosa–related CMO in the left eye was prospectively followed up after treatment with a 4 times daily regimen consisting of a topical steroid (prednisolone acetate 1%) and an NSAID (ketorolac trometamol 0.5%). The right eye showed no evidence of CMO. Oral acetazolamide was avoided as the patient had chronic renal impairment.

Results:
Three months after treatment, best-corrected visual acuity in the left eye improved from 20/200 to 20/60, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography showed complete resolution of CMO. Topical steroid and NSAID were therefore stopped. However, 6 months later, left best-corrected visual acuity was reduced to 20/120 and spectral domain optical coherence tomography showed recurrence of CMO. This was managed with the same treatment regimen of topical steroid and NSAID, which resulted in complete resolution of CMO with best-corrected visual acuity in the left eye improving to 20/80 after 3 months.

Conclusion:
To our knowledge, this is the first report that demonstrates the effectiveness of topical steroids or NSAIDs in managing CMO in a retinitis pigmentosa patient with chronic renal impairment who is unable to take a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor because of chronic renal impairment.
Treatment of new‐onset ulcerative colitis and ulcerative proctitis: a retrospective study
Authors: Richter J. M. , Kushkuley S. , Barrett J. A. , Oster G. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryBackgroundAlthough guidelines recommend use of oral 5‐aminosalicylates (5‐ASAs) as first‐line therapy in patients with mild to moderate ulcerative colitis (UC) and ulcerative proctitis (UP) and steroids with or without 5‐ASAs in those more severely ill, little is known about how UC and UP are actually treated.AimTo document treatment of new‐onset UC and UP in routine clinical practice.MethodsUsing a large US health insurance database, we identified all persons with new‐onset UC or UP between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2007, based on: (i) initial receipt of an oral 5–ASA, mesalazine (mesalamine) suppository, 5‐ASA enema, steroid, antimetabolite, budesonide or TNF inhibitor; (ii) sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy in prior 30 days resulting in a new diagnosis of UC or UP and (iii) no prior encounters for Crohn's disease. We examined patterns of pharmacotherapy over 1 year.ResultsWe identified 1516 UC patients and 636 UP patients who met study entry criteria. In UC, initial therapies most frequently used were oral 5‐ASAs (53% of patients), oral 5‐ASAs and systemic steroids (12%), systemic steroids (8%) and mesalazine suppositories (6%); in UP, mesalazine suppositories (42%) and oral 5‐ASAs (19%) were most often used, followed by combination therapy (14%), mesalazine enema (11%) and rectal steroids (10%). Few patients received maintenance therapy, and there was limited use of antimetabolites and biological agents.ConclusionsOral 5‐ASAs and systemic steroids are the mainstay of treatment in patients with new‐onset ulcerative colitis; in those with new‐onset ulcerative proctitis, it is mesalazine suppositories. Care of these patients appears consistent with treatment guidelines.
Uncovering QTL for resistance and survival time to Philasterides dicentrarchi in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)
Authors: Rodríguez‐Ramilo S. T. , Fernández J. , Toro M. A. , Bouza C. , Hermida M. , Fernández C. , Pardo B. G. , Cabaleiro S. , Martínez P. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryDisease resistance‐related traits have received increasing importance in aquaculture breeding programs worldwide. Currently, genomic information offers new possibilities in breeding to address the improvement of this kind of traits. The turbot is one of the most promising European aquaculture species, and Philasterides dicentrarchi is a scuticociliate parasite causing fatal disease in farmed turbot. An appealing approach to fight against disease is to achieve a more robust broodstock, which could prevent or diminish the devastating effects of scuticociliatosis on farmed individuals. In the present study, a genome scan for quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting resistance and survival time to P. dicentrarchi in four turbot families was carried out. The objectives were to identify QTL using different statistical approaches [linear regression (LR) and maximum likelihood (ML)] and to locate significantly associated markers for their application in genetic breeding strategies. Several genomic regions controlling resistance and survival time to P. dicentrarchi were detected. When analyzing each family separately, significant QTL for resistance were identified by the LR method in two linkage groups (LG1 and LG9) and for survival time in LG1, while the ML methodology identified QTL for resistance in LG9 and LG23 and for survival time in LG6 and LG23. The analysis of the total data set identified an additional significant QTL for resistance and survival time in LG3 with the LR method. Significant association between disease resistance‐related traits and genotypes was detected for several markers, a single one explaining up to 22% of the phenotypic variance. Obtained results will be essential to identify candidate genes for resistance and to apply them in marker‐assisted selection programs to improve turbot production.
Platelet gel supernatant as a potential tool to repopulate acellular heart valves
Authors: Somers P. , Robyns L. , Nollet E. , De Somer F. , Cornelissen M. , Thierens H. , Van Nooten G. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to repopulate decellularized heart valve matrices with ovine mesenchymal stem cells (oMSCs) by the use of platelet gel (PG) supernatant, a storage vehicle for growth factors.MethodsoMSCs were exposed to different concentrations of PG‐released supernatant and cell proliferation was evaluated using the MTS assay. oMSC motility and invasiveness were assayed using a Boyden chamber. A quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay was used to examine amounts of bFGF and TGF‐β1 in the PG supernatant. Repopulation of acellular heart valve matrices was stimulated by seeding matrices with oMSCs supplemented with the PG supernatant.ResultsThe most significant increase in proliferation induced by PG supernatant appeared at 1 × 105 plts/ml concentration. Higher concentrations evoked reduction of the stimulatory process. oMSC motility was most significantly stimulated at 1 × 106 plts/ml. Stimulating invasiveness of oMSCs needed the much higher concentration of 2 × 106 plts/ml. Immunoassays revealed that sheep PG supernatant contains 184.8 pg/ml bFGF and 60.5 ng/ml TGF‐β1. Moreover, repopulation of acellular heart valve matrices was significantly enhanced by PG supernatant addition and resulted in upregulation of the myofibroblast marker alpha‐smooth muscle actin.ConclusionsGrowth factors released from platelets had the potential to induce cell repopulation in a heart valve tissue engineering procedure, through stimulation of mesenchymal stem‐cell migration and invasion.
Kinship care in the UK: using census data to estimate the extent of formal and informal care by relatives
Authors: Selwyn Julie , Nandy Shailen 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTUntil recently, little was known about kinship care in the UK. Research has begun to illuminate the circumstances which lead to children being cared for by relatives, and the stresses and strains experienced by carers. However, most UK research has only considered ‘looked‐after’ children placed with formal approved kinship foster carers, although this group forms the smallest proportion of children in kinship arrangements. In this paper, we use microdata from the 2001 UK Population Census to examine the characteristics of kinship carers and children, and demonstrate that most children in kinship care are growing up in informal unregulated arrangements. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
Thymic neuroendocrine tumour in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: female patients are not rare exceptions
Authors: Sakurai Akihiro , Imai Tsuneo , Kikumori Toyone , Horiuchi Kiyomi , Okamoto Takahiro , Uchino Shinya , Kosugi Shinji , Suzuki Shinichi , Suyama Keiko , Yamazaki Masanori , Sato Ai ,   MEN Consortium of Japan
Published: June 2012

SummaryObjectiveThymic neuroendocrine tumour (Th‐NET) occurs in 2–5% of patients with MEN1 and has high malignant potency accompanying recurrence and distant metastasis. While Th‐NET is recognized to develop predominantly in men and heavy smokers, a number of female patients have been reported in the literature. The objective of this study is to clarify the clinical features of MEN1 patients with Th‐NET using database analysis.Design/PatientsClinical data of patients with Th‐NET were extracted and analysed from a recently constructed database of Japanese MEN1 patients.ResultsAmong 560 registered cases, Th‐NET was seen in 28 (5·0%) patients. Of note, 36% of patients (10/28) were women; only one patient among those was a smoker and another six patients were non‐smokers. Age at diagnosis of Th‐NET and MEN1, tumour size, prevalence of other MEN1‐related tumours did not differ between male and female patients, and 10‐year survival probability was 0·271 ± 0·106.ConclusionsAlthough the prevalence of Th‐NET in women (3·2%) is significantly lower than that in men (7·6%), a considerable proportion of female patients develop Th‐NET. Given that Th‐NET is a major determinant of life expectancy of patients, our results alert clinicians who treat patients with MEN1 that surveillance of Th‐NET is essential even for female patients without a smoking habit.
Hypertriglyceridemic waist, cytokines and hyperglycaemia in Chinese
Authors: Yu Zhijie , Sun Liang , Qi Qibin , Wu Hongyu , Lu Ling , Liu Chen , Li Huaixing , Lin Xu 
Published: June 2012

Eur J Clin Invest 2012; 42 (10): 1100–1111AbstractBackground  Abdominal obesity and hypertriglyceridemia confer high risk for cardiometabolic disease. Few studies have investigated the associations of hypertriglyceridemic waist with cytokines and hyperglycaemia in Chinese.Methods  Anthropometric indexes, fasting plasma concentrations of glucose, glycohemoglobin, insulin, lipid profile, inflammatory factors and adipokines were measured among 3289 Chinese men and women 50–70 years of age.Results  An increment of every 2 cm of waist circumference was associated with increased levels of high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin 6 and RBP 4 by 0·033 mg/L, 0·018 ng/L and 0·556 mg/L and reduced levels of adiponectin by 0·269 mg/L (all P < 0·05), respectively, with controlling for potential confounders. For triglycerides, each an increment of 20 mg/dL was associated with increased levels of hsCRP, RBP4, and decreased levels of adiponectin by 0·021 mg/L, 0·655 mg/L, and 0·371 mg/L (all P < 0·05), respectively. Individuals with hypertriglyceridemic waist had increased risks of having hyperglycaemia (OR: 1·48; 95% CI: 1·09, 2·00) and diabetes mellitus (OR: 2·12; 95% CI: 1·47, 3·04) compared with those with neither of the phenotypes.Conclusions  Hypertriglyceridemic waist is associated with a worse profile of inflammatory factors and adipokines as well as with an increased risk of having hyperglycaemia among Chinese.
Apoptotic cells and clonally expanded cytotoxic T cells in bone marrow trephines of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Pülhorn Heinke , Herrmann Martin , Harms Harry , Jung Andreas , Baumann Irith 
Published: June 2012

Pülhorn H, Herrmann M, Harms H, Jung A & Baumann I  (2012) Histopathology 61, 200–211Apoptotic cells and clonally expanded cytotoxic T cells in bone marrow trephines of patients with myelodysplastic syndromeAims:  There is increasing evidence that autoimmunity is involved in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). We examined the number of apoptotic cells, and analysed the T cells and the T cell receptor gene rearrangements in bone marrow trephines of patients with low‐grade MDS [refractory anaemia (RA), refractory anaemia with ringed sideroblasts (RAS) and refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia (RCMD)] to investigate the correlation between T cells and apoptosis.Methods and results:  Bone marrow trephines from 30 patients with RA, seven patients with RCMD, four patients with RAS and 11 normal bone marrow donors were stained for CD3 and for apoptotic cells using immunohistochemistry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase 2′‐deoxyuridine, 5′‐triphosphate (dUTP) nick end labelling (TUNEL) technique, respectively. The positive cells were quantified by computer‐assisted image analysis. In addition, CD 8 and T cell‐restricted intracellular antigen‐1 (TIA‐1)‐positive cells were analysed by single staining and evaluated semiquantitatively by light microscopy. Junctional diversity of the T cell receptor (TCR) α‐, β‐ and γ‐chains were analysed in 24 cases of RA and RCMD by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR). In all cases of RA, RCMD and RAS an increase of apoptotic cells was accompanied by an increase of T cells, when compared to normal donors (P < 0.001). Expression of TIA‐1 was found in 33 of 41 patients with low‐grade MDS. In contrast, normal controls showed either no or only very weak expression. Furthermore, 14 of 24 cases with low‐grade MDS showed clonal TCR gene rearrangement.Conclusion:  These findings provide evidence that increased apoptosis in low‐grade MDS correlates with increased numbers of cytotoxic T cells. A considerable proportion of the MDS cases showed clonal TCR rearrangement suggesting an antigen‐driven selection of the T cells. We therefore speculate that cases of MDS can be accompanied by a presumably autoreactive T cell‐mediated apoptosis induction in bone marrow cells.