bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An 8-gene qRT-PCR-based gene expression score that has prognostic value in early breast cancer
Authors: Sánchez-Navarro Iker , Gámez-Pozo Angelo , Pinto Álvaro , Hardisson David , Madero Rosario , López Rocío , San José Belén , Zamora Pilar , Redondo Andrés , Feliu Jaime , Cejas Paloma , González Barón Manuel , Ángel Fresno Vara Juan , Espinosa Enrique 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundGene expression profiling may improve prognostic accuracy in patients with early breast cancer. Our objective was to demonstrate that it is possible to develop a simple molecular signature to predict distant relapse.MethodsWe included 153 patients with stage I-II hormonal receptor-positive breast cancer. RNA was isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples and qRT-PCR amplification of 83 genes was performed with gene expression assays. The genes we analyzed were those included in the 70-Gene Signature, the Recurrence Score and the Two-Gene Index. The association among gene expression, clinical variables and distant metastasis-free survival was analyzed using Cox regression models.ResultsAn 8-gene prognostic score was defined. Distant metastasis-free survival at 5 years was 97% for patients defined as low-risk by the prognostic score versus 60% for patients defined as high-risk. The 8-gene score remained a significant factor in multivariate analysis and its performance was similar to that of two validated gene profiles: the 70-Gene Signature and the Recurrence Score. The validity of the signature was verified in independent cohorts obtained from the GEO database.ConclusionsThis study identifies a simple gene expression score that complements histopathological prognostic factors in breast cancer, and can be determined in paraffin-embedded samples.
Identifying structures, processes, resources and needs of research ethics committees in Egypt
Authors: Sleem Hany , El-Kamary Samer S , Silverman Henry J 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Background
Concerns have been expressed regarding the adequacy of ethics review systems in developing countries. Limited data are available regarding the structural and functional status of Research Ethics Committees (RECs) in the Middle East. The purpose of this study was to survey the existing RECs in Egypt to better understand their functioning status, perceived resource needs, and challenges.

Methods
We distributed a self-administered survey tool to Egyptian RECs to collect information on the following domains: general characteristics of the REC, membership composition, ethics training, workload, process of ethics review, perceived challenges to effective functioning, and financial and material resources. We used basic descriptive statistics to evaluate the quantitative data.

Results
We obtained responses from 67% (12/18) of the identified RECs. Most RECs (10/12) have standard operating procedures and many (7/12) have established policies to manage conflicts of interests. The average membership was 10.3 with a range from 7-19. The predominant member type was physicians (69.5% of all of the REC members) with little lay representation (13.7%). Most RECs met at least once/month and the average number of protocols reviewed per meeting was 3.8 with a range from 1-10. Almost three-quarters of the members from all of the 12 RECs indicated they received some formal training in ethics. Regarding resources, roughly half of the RECs have dedicated capital equipment (e.g., meeting room, computers, office furniture, etc); none of the RECs have a formal operating budget. Perceived challenges included the absence of national research ethics guidelines and national standards for RECs and lack of ongoing training of its members in research ethics.

Conclusion
Our study documents several areas of strengths and areas for improvements in the operations of Egyptian RECs. Regarding strengths, many of the existing RECs meet frequently, have a majority of members with prior training in research ethics, and have written policies. Regarding areas for improvements, many RECs should strive for a more diverse membership and should receive more financial resources and administrative support personnel. We recommend that RECs include more individuals from the community and develop a continuing educational program for its members. Institutional officials should be aware of the resource capacity needs of their RECs.
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells markedly attenuate brain infarct size and improve neurological function in rats
Authors: Leu Steve , Lin Yu-Chun , Yuen Chun-Man , Yen Chia-Hung , Kao Ying-Hsien , Sun Cheuk-Kwan , Yip Hon-Kan 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Background
The therapeutic effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) on brain infarction area (BIA) and neurological status in a rat model of acute ischemic stroke (IS) was investigated.

Methods
Adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n = 30) were divided into IS plus intra-venous 1 mL saline (at 0, 12 and 24 h after IS induction) (control group) and IS plus intra-venous ADMSCs (2.0 × 106) (treated interval as controls) (treatment group) after occlusion of distal left internal carotid artery. The rats were sacrificed and brain tissues were harvested on day 21 after the procedure.

Results
The results showed that BIA was larger in control group than in treatment group (p < 0.001). The sensorimotor functional test (Corner test) identified a higher frequency of turning movement to left in control group than in treatment group (p < 0.05). mRNA expressions of Bax, caspase 3, interleukin (IL)-18, toll-like receptor-4 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were higher, whereas Bcl-2 and IL-8/Gro were lower in control group than in treatment group (all p < 0.05). Western blot demonstrated a lower CXCR4 and stromal-cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1) in control group than in treatment group (all p < 0.01). Immunohistofluorescent staining showed lower expressions of CXCR4, SDF-1, von Willebran factor and doublecortin, whereas the number of apoptotic nuclei on TUNEL assay was higher in control group than in treatment group (all p < 0.001). Immunohistochemical staining showed that cellular proliferation and number of small vessels were lower but glial fibrillary acid protein was higher in control group than in treatment group (all p < 0.01).

Conclusions
ADMSC therapy significantly limited BIA and improved sensorimotor dysfunction after acute IS.
Disruption of insulin signalling preserves bioenergetic competence of mitochondria in ageing Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Brys Kristel , Castelein Natascha , Matthijssens Filip , Vanfleteren Jacques R , Braeckman Bart P 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Background
The gene daf-2 encodes the single insulin/insulin growth factor-1-like receptor of Caenorhabditis elegans. The reduction-of-function allele e1370 induces several metabolic alterations and doubles lifespan.

Results
We found that the e1370 mutation alters aerobic energy production substantially. In wild-type worms the abundance of key mitochondrial proteins declines with age, accompanied by a dramatic decrease in energy production, although the mitochondrial mass, inferred from the mitochondrial DNA copy number, remains unaltered. In contrast, the age-dependent decrease of both key mitochondrial proteins and bioenergetic competence is considerably attenuated in daf-2(e1370) adult animals. The increase in daf-2(e1370) mitochondrial competence is associated with a higher membrane potential and increased reactive oxygen species production, but with little damage to mitochondrial protein or DNA. Together these results point to a higher energetic efficiency of daf-2(e1370) animals.

Conclusions
We conclude that low daf-2 function alters the overall rate of ageing by a yet unidentified mechanism with an indirect protective effect on mitochondrial function.
Hypolocomotion, Asymmetrically Directed Behaviors (Licking, Lifting, Flinching, and Shaking) and Dynamic Weight Bearing (Gait) Changes are Not Measures of Neuropathic Pain in Mice
Authors: Mogil Jeffrey S , Graham Allyson C , Ritchie Jennifer , Hughes Sara F , Austin Jean-Sebastien , Schorscher-Petcu Ara , Langford Dale J , Bennett Gary J 
Published: June 2010

Background: Spontaneous (non-evoked) pain is a major clinical symptom of neuropathic syndromes, one that is understudied in basic pain research for practical reasons and because of a lack of consensus over precisely which behaviors reflect spontaneous pain in laboratory animals. It is commonly asserted that rodents experiencing pain in a hind limb exhibit hypolocomotion and decreased rearing, engage in both reflexive and organized limb directed behaviors, and avoid supporting their body weight on the affected side. Furthermore, it is assumed that the extent of these positive or negative behaviors can be used as a dependent measure of spontaneous chronic pain severity in such animals. In the present study, we tested these assumptions via blinded, systematic observation of digital video of mice with nerve injuries (chronic constriction or spared nerve injury), and automated assessment of locomotor behavior using photocell detection and dynamic weight bearing (i.e., gait) using the CatWalk® system. Results: We found no deficits in locomotor activity or rearing associated with neuropathic injury. The frequency of asymmetric (ipsilaterally directed) behaviors were too rare to be seriously considered as representing spontaneous pain, and in any case did not statistically exceed what was blindly observed on the contralateral hind paw and in control (sham operated and unoperated) mice. Changes in dynamic weight bearing, on the other hand, were robust and ipsilateral after spared nerve injury (but not chronic constriction injury). However, we observed timing, pharmacological, and genetic dissociation of mechanical allodynia and gait alterations. Conclusions: We conclude that spontaneous neuropathic pain in mice cannot be assessed using any of these measures, and thus caution is warranted in making such assertions.
microRNA evolution in a human transcription factor and microRNA regulatory network
Authors: Qiu Chengxiang , Wang Juan , Yao Pengying , Wang Edwin , Cui Qinghua 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Background
microRNAs (miRNAs) are important cellular components. The understanding of their evolution is of critical importance for the understanding of their function. Although some specific evolutionary rules of miRNAs have been revealed, the rules of miRNA evolution in cellular networks remain largely unexplored. According to knowledge from protein-coding genes, the investigations of gene evolution in the context of biological networks often generate valuable observations that cannot be obtained by traditional approaches.

Results
Here, we conducted the first systems-level analysis of miRNA evolution in a human transcription factor (TF)-miRNA regulatory network that describes the regulatory relations among TFs, miRNAs, and target genes. We found that the architectural structure of the network provides constraints and functional innovations for miRNA evolution and that miRNAs showed different and even opposite evolutionary patterns from TFs and other protein-coding genes. For example, miRNAs preferentially coevolved with their activators but not with their inhibitors. During transcription, rapidly evolving TFs frequently activated but rarely repressed miRNAs. In addition, conserved miRNAs tended to regulate rapidly evolving targets, and upstream miRNAs evolved more rapidly than downstream miRNAs.

Conclusions
In this study, we performed the first systems level analysis of miRNA evolution. The findings suggest that miRNAs have a unique evolution process and thus may have unique functions and roles in various biological processes and diseases. Additionally, the network presented here is the first TF-miRNA regulatory network, which will be a valuable platform of systems biology.
Early fluid resuscitation with hyperoncotic hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5 (10%) in severe burn injury
Authors: Béchir Markus , Puhan Milo A , Neff Simona B , Guggenheim Merlin , Wedler Volker , Stover John F , Stocker Reto , Neff Thomas A 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Introduction
Despite large experience in the management of severe burn injury, there are still controversies regarding the best type of fluid resuscitation, especially during the first 24 hours after the trauma. Therefore, our study addressed the question whether hyperoncotic hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 200/0.5 (10%) administered in combination with crystalloids within the first 24 hours after injury is as effective as 'crystalloids only' in severe burn injury patients.

Methods
30 consecutive patients were enrolled to this prospective interventional open label study and assigned either to a traditional 'crystalloids only' or to a 'HES 200/0.5 (10%)' volume resuscitation protocol. Total amount of fluid administration, complications such as pulmonary failure, abdominal compartment syndrome, sepsis, renal failure and overall mortality were assessed. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed for binary outcomes and adjustment for potential confounders was done in the multivariate regression models. For continuous outcome parameters multiple linear regression analysis was used.

Results
Group differences between patients receiving crystalloids only or HES 200/0.5 (10%) were not statistically significant. However, a large effect towards increased overall mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 7.12; P = 0.16) in the HES 200/0.5 (10%) group as compared to the crystalloids only group (43.8% versus 14.3%) was present. Similarly, the incidence of renal failure was 25.0% in the HES 200/0.5 (10%) group versus 7.1% in the crystalloid only group (adjusted hazard ratio 6.16; P = 0.42).

Conclusions
This small study indicates that the application of hyperoncotic HES 200/0.5 (10%) within the first 24 hours after severe burn injury may be associated with fatal outcome and should therefore be used with caution.

Trial registration
NCT01120730.
Early Discontinuation and Nonadherence to Adjuvant Hormonal Therapy in a Cohort of 8,769 Early-Stage Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Hershman Dawn L. , Kushi Lawrence H. , Shao Theresa , Buono Donna , Kershenbaum Aaron , Tsai Wei-Yann , Fehrenbacher Louis , Lin Gomez Scarlett , Miles Sunita , Neugut Alfred I. 
Published: June 2010

Purpose While studies have found that adjuvant hormonal therapy for hormone-sensitive breast cancer (BC) dramatically reduces recurrence and mortality, adherence to medications is suboptimal. We investigated the rates and predictors of early discontinuation and nonadherence to hormonal therapy in patients enrolled in Kaiser Permanente of Northern California health system. Patients and Methods We identified women diagnosed with hormone-sensitive stage I-III BC from 1996 to 2007 and used automated pharmacy records to identify hormonal therapy prescriptions and dates of refill. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to analyze factors associated with early discontinuation and nonadherence (medication possession ratio < 80%) of hormonal therapy. Results We identified 8,769 patients with BC who met our eligibility criteria and who filled at least one prescription for tamoxifen (43%), aromatase inhibitors (26%), or both (30%) within 1 year of diagnosis. Younger or older age, lumpectomy (v mastectomy), and comorbidities were associated with earlier discontinuation, while Asian race, being married, earlier year at diagnosis, receipt of chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and longer prescription refill interval were associated with completion of 4.5 years of therapy. Of those who continued therapy, similar factors were associated with full adherence. Women age younger than 40 years had the highest risk of discontinuation (hazard ratio, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.23 to 1.85). By 4.5 years, 32% discontinued therapy, and of those who continued, 72% were fully adherent. Conclusion Only 49% of patients with BC took adjuvant hormonal therapy for the full duration at the optimal schedule. Younger women are at high risk of nonadherence. Interventions to improve adherence and continuation of hormonal therapy are needed, especially for younger women.
Meta-Analysis on the Use of Zidovudine and Interferon-Alfa in Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma Showing Improved Survival in the Leukemic Subtypes
Authors: Bazarbachi Ali , Plumelle Yves , Carlos Ramos Juan , Tortevoye Patricia , Otrock Zaher , Taylor Graham , Gessain Antoine , Harrington William , Panelatti Gérard , Hermine Olivier 
Published: June 2010

Purpose Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-I–associated adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is an aggressive, chemotherapy-resistant malignancy. Multiple small studies using zidovudine (AZT) and interferon-alfa (IFN-α) have shown response in patients with ATL. However, the impact of this innovative antiviral treatment strategy on long-term survival remains undetermined. Patients and Methods We report a meta-analysis of antiviral therapy of ATL. Medical records of 254 patients with ATL who were treated in the United States, the United Kingdom, Martinique, and continental France were individually reviewed. Results According to Shimoyama classification, there were 116 patients with acute ATL, 18 patients with chronic ATL, 11 patients with smoldering ATL, and 100 patients with ATL lymphoma. In 231 patients with available survival data, first-line therapy was recorded in 207 patients. Five-year overall survival rates were 46% for 75 patients who received first-line antiviral therapy (P = .004), 20% for 77 patients who received first-line chemotherapy, and 12% for 55 patients who received first-line chemotherapy followed by antiviral therapy. Patients with acute, chronic, and smoldering ATL significantly benefited from first-line antiviral therapy, whereas patients with ATL lymphoma experienced a better outcome with chemotherapy. In acute ATL, achievement of complete remission with antiviral therapy resulted in 82% 5-year survival. Antiviral therapy in chronic and smoldering ATL resulted in 100% 5-year survival. Multivariate analysis confirmed that first-line antiviral therapy significantly improves overall survival of patients with ATL (hazard ratio, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.83; P = .021). Conclusion These results confirm the high efficacy of AZT and IFN, which should now be considered the gold standard first-line therapy in leukemic subtypes of ATL.
Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Glycinoeclepin A: Generation of a Novel Bridgehead Anion Species
Authors: Shiina Yasuhiro , Tomata Yoshihide , Miyashita Masaaki , Tanino Keiji 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The asymmetric total synthesis of glycinoeclepin A, a hatch-stimulating agent of the soybean cyst nematode, was accomplished on the basis of a cyclopentene annulation for constructing the CD ring moiety having contiguous quaternary carbon atoms. Introduction of the A ring moiety was achieved by an alkylation reaction using a 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hex-1-yl anion species.
EW Formulations Using Polymeric Surfactants
Authors: Hu Qiang , Linder Gregory J. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Four polymeric surfactants of consistent chemistry with different architectures were evaluated in concentrated emulsions, also known as emulsions in water (EW), of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester (2,4-D ester). EW dilution performance was evaluated using the ASTM E1116-98 standard emulsion test, and the emulsion was analyzed for droplet size distribution using a light scattering technique; zeta potential was determined, and rheology measured. A structure-property-performance relationship for these polymeric surfactants in the subject EW was developed. All four polymeric surfactants proved to be effective in formulating stable EWs with the corresponding emulsion stability increasing positively in the order of random, triblock, quasi-diblock, and finally diblock. Preferred polymeric surfactant performance in EW provided small droplet sizes with excellent dilution stability due primarily to the steric stabilization of the dispersed phase in both the concentrates and upon dilution.
Extrém nagy inguinoscrotalis sérv előkészítése és műtéti megoldása
Authors: Csákai Iván , Knausz József , Kolonics Gyula , Bátorfi József 
Published: June 2010

Absztrakt
A szerzők inguinoscrotalis óriássérv sikeres operációja során nyert tapasztalataikat ismertetik. A 8 éve növekvő extrém méretű heresérv műtétje során előbb az ismételten folytatott pneumoperitoneum-képzéssel tágították a hasfalat, majd a középső median vonalba, sub-lay helyzetbe implantált polipropilén hálóval összesen 16 cm-rel növelték a has körfogatát, így teremtve meg az extraabdominalis sérvtartalom hasüregbe történő repositiójának lehetőségét.
Two New Genera and One New Species of Jurassic Axymyiidae (Diptera: Nematocera), with Revision and Redescription of the Extinct Taxa
Authors: Zhang Junfeng 
Published: June 2010

AbstractOne new genus and new species, Sinaxymyia rara gen. et sp. nov., is described. Juraxymyia gen. nov. is proposed for Psocites fossilisZhang, 2004. The genus and species, Psocites pectinatus (Hong, 1983), is redescribed based on new axymyiids from the Jurassic of China. The systematic positions for Crenoptychoptera decorosaHao, Dong et Ren, 2009, Crenoptychoptera vulgarisHao, Dong et Ren, 2009, and Crenoptychoptera vicinaHao, Dong et Ren, 2009 are reassessed, these do belong rather to Axymyiidae than to Eoptychopterinae, Ptychopteridae. All the impressions of male axymyiid flies are the first description in the geological records of Axymyiidae. Establishing homologies between the sclerites of the male genitalia of the Jurassic species described here and recent species of the family is difficult.
Survey of Pogonognathellus Börner (Collembola: Tomoceridae) in the Southern Appalachians Based on Morphological and Molecular Data
Authors: Felderhoff Kelly L , Bernard Ernest C , Moulton John K 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Pogonognathellus Börner is the most common genus of tomocerid Collembola in the southern Appalachian region of the United States. Scale pattern, cuticle color, and molecular data were used with morphology and chaetotaxy to reappraise the members of this genus. P. bidentatus and P. elongatus are confirmed as well-marked species; P. nigritus Maynard is removed from synonymy with P. elongatus and reestablished as a valid species, and a neotype is designated. Two new species are described. Pogonognathellus danieli n. sp. from a cave in Great Smoky Mountains National Park resembles the California cave species P. celsus but possesses clubbed tenent hairs on all tibiotarsi; in P. celsus, the tenent hairs are pointed. P. mystax n. sp. is related to the “P. flavescens complex” but differs in having a purple clypeus and a prominent band of light scales along the posterior edge of each tergite. Many collections of P. flavescens-like and P. dubius-like specimens were made but molecular analysis indicated that these specimens consisted of four P. dubius-like taxa and four P. flavescens-like taxa. True P. flavescens from Sweden (type locality) were molecularly distinct from the putative American P. flavescens included in the analysis. A tentative phylogenetic tree indicated three clades of southern Appalachian Pogonognathellus: one clade containing P. bidentatus; another clade containing species with posterior cephalic macrochaetae but without anterior macrochaetae on the fourth abdominal tergite (Abd. IV; P. elongatus, P. nigritus, and an undescribed species); and a third clade without posterior cephalic macrochaetae but with one pair of anterior macrochaetae on Abd. IV (P. danieli, P. mystax, and eight undescribed species).