bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL)
Authors: Marsh David 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) is an example of educational convergence that focuses on the simultaneous learning of subject content and language, alongside the development of competences. CLIL has become a global signature pedagogy that disrupts traditional language teaching approaches. CLIL describes the pedagogical practices and learning environments that need to be activated if bilingual education is to be successful. The future of CLIL is likely to strengthen as new media and artificial intelligence (AI) are incorporated into teaching and learning environments.
Discriminant Function Analysis
Authors: Da Silva Ramos Sara , Rickard Liow Susan J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Discriminant function analysis (DFA) is a data‐reduction technique used to make decisions about group membership, typically in naturally occurring groups. It can answer theoretical questions but has proved especially useful in applied research. In this chapter we provide an overview of DFA, describe two types of DFA investigation, its three main procedures, and discuss DFA's potential and its limitations. We then explain the steps needed for interpreting DFA results, before concluding with two recent examples of the use of DFA as a statistical tool in psycholinguistic research.
Linguistic Imperialism
Authors: Phillipson Robert 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The entry presents the key constituents of linguistic imperialism. Principles for English learning that are central to the promotion of English worldwide by the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States are questioned. Monolingualism was imposed in the UK historically and in settler colonies in the Americas and Australasia. This occurred in Roman times and in the racist empires of other European countries. The myth of
terra nullius
, the false marketing of dominant languages, and imperialist language policies served to achieve the dispossession of others' territories, cultures, and languages. Comparable linguicist policies are in force in Turkey and China. Policies of linguistic imperialism in North America can be considered as constituting cultural and linguistic genocide. The World Bank has imposed language policies that strengthen English and marginalize local languages. A study of the increased use of English in higher education shows the importance of assessing whether linguistic imperialism impacts other languages negatively. A study of linguistic imperialism in World Englishes documentation shows that there is a tendency to fail to address linguistic inequalities. Inequalities are intensified by the spread of “international” schools and of English‐medium universities. In Scandinavia and Finland, language policies ensure that an increased use of English in no way reduces the importance of national languages. Bilingual policies in higher education can counteract linguistic imperialism. In the European Union system and in member states, the use of English is increasing, but the vitality of national languages is generally ensured.
Pragmatic Socialization
Authors: Burdelski Matthew 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Pragmatic socialization is concerned with the process in which children and adult learners come to recognize and use language in interactionally relevant and socioculturally organized ways. This entry introduces pragmatic socialization as a domain of inquiry that encompasses and overlaps with various theoretical orientations and discursive approaches. It then relates ways in which researchers examine pragmatic socialization, which provides an empirical basis for making claims of socialization into broader issues of identity, ideology, morality, and other meaningful realities. It frames the discussion in relation to the categories of “speaker” and “hearer,” by illustrating excerpts from child and adult learners within various populations. It points out further areas of research in pragmatic socialization.
ROS‐Responsive Core‐Shell Microneedles Based on Simultaneous Efficient Type I/II Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Against Bacterial Biofilm Infections
Authors: Li Hongxue , Zheng Xiuli , Gao Zekun , Mu Tong , Liu Mengdi , Li Jihao , Wu Jiasheng , Zhang Wenjun , Lee Chun‐Sing , Liu Weimin , Wang Pengfei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAntimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has emerged as an appealing therapeutic option against biofilm infections. However, effectively penetrating the dense barrier of biofilm and anchoring bacteria to achieve biofilm elimination and wound healing under hypoxic environments remains a challenge for aPDT. Herein, three type I/II Hypocrellin B (HB)‐cationic photosensitizers (HB‐P, HB‐TP, and HB‐TTP) are designed based on a multi‐cationic long chains molecular engineering strategy. With an increasing number of introduced cations, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and bacterial‐anchoring abilities of HB‐cationic photosensitizers are greatly enhanced. Notably, HB‐TTP demonstrates higher type I/II aPDT activity and broad‐spectrum antibacterial properties. Furthermore, to effectively address the conundrum of healing biofilm‐infected wounds, a ROS‐responsive core‐shell microneedle (HB‐TTP&EGF@MN) is designed by biphasically integrating HB‐TTP and growth factor. When the microneedle penetrates biofilm, the shell quickly dissolves and releases HB‐TTP to achieve biofilm removal under laser irradiation. The core is subsequently degraded slowly in the presence of endogenous ROS within the wound, facilitating a sustained release of growth factor to promote wound tissue regeneration. This work not only provides an effective strategy for the rational design of efficient antimicrobial agents but also proposes innovative ideas for the development of controlled‐release pharmaceutical materials to synergize against biofilm infections.
Amorphous to Crystalline Phase Transformation Enables Tunable Persistent Luminescence for Multi‐Mode Optical Information Storage
Authors: Sun Yongsheng , Zhou Xinquan , Lun Zhenjie , Han Kai , Xiong Puxian , Xia Zhiguo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMulti‐mode luminescence tuning through in situ crystallization of topological glass holds significance for photonics applications. Here, NaAlSiO4:Eu2+‐based glass ceramics are presented as stable persistent luminescence (PersL) materials by controlling the phase transformation in Eu2+ doped Na2O‐Al2O3‐SiO2 from amorphous glass to crystalline nepheline phase. X‐ray and UV excited PersL colors from blue to yellow are realized by adjusting the crystallization duration time, and trap statuses reveal the dynamic PersL process with a trap redeployment from 0.83 to 1.09 eV during the transformation. Optical information storage model is constructed with a structure of stacked emitting layers to enhance storage capacity. X‐ray excited luminescence time‐lapse imaging is further demonstrated with optical memory longer than 5 days. These findings advance the development of superior stable PersL glass ceramics and offer optical manipulation tactics for multi‐mode optical information storage applications.
On the Electrochemical Activation of Nanoporous Reduced Graphene Oxide Electrodes Studied by In Situ/Operando Electrochemical Techniques
Authors: Bernicola María del Pilar , Lounasvuori Mailis , Padilla‐Pantoja Jessica , Santiso Jose , Debiemme‐Chouvy Catherine , Perrot Hubert , Petit Tristan , Garrido Jose A. , del Corro Elena 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDue to the difficult access of the electrolyte into the nanoconfined space of nanoporous reduced graphene oxide (rGO) electrodes, achieving the optimal electrochemical performance of these devices becomes a challenge. In this work, the dynamics of interfacial‐governed phenomena are investigated during a voltage‐controlled electrochemical activation of nanoporous rGO electrodes that leads to an enhanced electrochemical performance in terms of areal capacitance and electrochemical impedance. In situ/operando characterization techniques are used to reveal the dynamics of the irreversible material changes introduced during the activation process, including ionic diffusion and water confinement within the nanopores, along with the reduction of oxygenated groups and the decrease of the rGO interlayer distance. Furthermore, operando techniques are used to uncover the origin of the complex polarization‐dependent dynamic response of rGO electrodes. The study reveals that the reversible protonation/deprotonation of remaining functional groups and the cation electro‐adsorption/desorption process in the graphene basal plane govern the pseudocapacitive performance of nanoporous rGO electrodes. This work brings new understanding of the complex interplay between surface chemistry, ion confinement, and desolvation processes occurring during electrochemical cycling in nanoporous rGO electrodes, offering new insights for designing high‐performing electrodes based on nanoporous rGO.
Volumetric 3D Printing of Endoskeletal Soft Robots
Authors: Darkes‐Burkey Cameron , Shepherd Robert F. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractComputed Axial Lithography (CAL) is an emerging technology for manufacturing complex parts, all at once, by circumventing the traditional layered approach using tomography. Overprinting, a unique additive manufacturing capability of CAL, allows for a 3D geometry to be formed around a prepositioned insert where the occlusion of light is compensated for by the other angular projections. This method opens the door for novel applications within additive manufacturing for multi‐material systems such as endoskeletal robots. Herein, this work presents one such application with a simple Gelatin Methacrylate (GelMA)hydrogel osmotic actuator with an embedded endoskeletal system. GelMA is an ideal material for this application as it is swellable and has reversible thermal gelation, enabling suspension of the endoskeleton during printing. By tuning the material formulation, the actuator design, and post‐processing, swelling‐induced bending actuation of 60 degrees is achieved. To aid in the printing process, a simple computational method for determining the absolute dose absorbed by the resin allowing for print time prediction is also proposed.
Ultrahigh Electrobending Deformation in Lead‐Free Piezoelectric Ceramics via Defect Concentration Gradient Design
Authors: Wang Jie , Wang Binquan , Zhang Hongjie , Zhang Shujun , Guo Yiping 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecent breakthroughs in defect‐engineered lead‐free piezoelectric ceramics have reported remarkable electrostrain values, surpassing the limit of lattice distortion. This has aroused wide concern on bending deformation and the associated underlying mechanism. Herein, via designing lead‐free piezoelectric ceramics with varying volatilization characteristics, it is uncovered that the ultrahigh electrobending deformation is primarily attributed to a large strain gradient induced by unevenly distributed defect dipoles. In 0.5 mm thick Sr/Sn co‐doped potassium sodium niobate ceramics featuring volatile K/Na elements, the inherent bipolar electrostrain value can reach 0.3% at 20 kV cm−1 due to the existence of defect dipoles, while the gradient distribution of defect dipole generates significant bending displacement, amplifying apparent electrostrain value to 1.1%. Notably, nonvolatile Ba0.99TiO2.99 ceramic with homogeneous defect dipole distribution does not present electrobending. Of particular interest is that the electrobending phenomenon can be observed through introducing a defect dipole gradient into barium titanate ceramic. A monolayer ceramic with defect dipole gradient can generate large tip displacement (±1.5 mm) in cantilever structure, demonstrating its promising potential in precise positioning. This study delves into the underlying mechanism driving electrobending deformation and its impact on the apparent electrostrain measurement in defect‐engineered piezoelectric ceramics, providing fresh perspectives for the development of piezoelectric bending actuators.
An Injectable Hydrogel with Ultrahigh Burst Pressure and Innate Antibacterial Activity for Emergency Hemostasis and Wound Repair
Authors: Yang Yu , He Gang , Pan Zheng , Zhang Kaiwen , Xian Yiwen , Zhu Ziran , Hong Yonglong , Zhang Chong , Wu Decheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUncontrolled bleeding and wound infections following severe trauma pose significant challenges for existing tissue adhesives, primarily due to their weak wet adhesion, slow adhesion formation, cytotoxicity concerns, and lack of antibacterial properties. Herein, an injectable hydrogel (denoted as ES gel) with rapid, robust adhesive sealing and inherent antibacterial activity based on ε‐polylysine and a poly(ethylene glycol) derivative is developed. The engineered hydrogel exhibits rapid gelation behavior, high mechanical strength, strong adhesion to various tissues, and can sustain an ultrahigh burst pressure of 450 mmHg. It also presents excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, antibacterial properties, and on‐demand removability. Significantly improved hemostatic efficacy of ES gel compared to fibrin glue is demonstrated using various injury models in rats and rabbits. Remarkably, the adhesive hydrogel can effectively halt lethal non‐compressible hemorrhages in visceral organs (liver, spleen, and heart) and femoral artery injury models in fully anticoagulated pigs. Furthermore, the hydrogel outperforms commercial products in sutureless wound closure and repair in the rat liver defect, skin incision, and infected full‐thickness skin wound models. Overall, this study highlights the promising clinical applications of ES gel for managing uncontrolled hemorrhage, sutureless wound closure, and infected wound repair.
Bioinspired AIE Nanomedicine: A Burgeoning Technology for Fluorescence Bioimaging and Phototheranostics
Authors: Li Zheng , Tang Ben Zhong , Wang Dong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNanomedicine on the basis of aggregated‐induced emission (AIE) luminogens with exceptional potency is growing into a sparkling frontier in fluorescence imaging and phototheranostics. Of particular interest is biomimetic AIE nanomedicine comprised by AIE luminogens and biocarrier, which represents a win–win integration and are recently developed at a tremendous pace, mainly benefiting from the intrinsic advantages including enhanced biocompatibility, prolonged circulation time, specific targeting ability, immune activation, and supremely extraordinary phototheranostic outputs. In view of the inexhaustible and vigorous vitality in the field, this review provides an integrated picture on biomimetic AIE nanomedicine involving the basic concepts, significant breakthroughs, and recent trends. In addition, based on the current achievements, some critical challenges and perspectives are also discussed.
Solid‐Solution Limits and Thorough Characterization of Bulk β‐(AlxGa1‐x)2O Single Crystals Grown by the Czochralski Method
Authors: Galazka Zbigniew , Fiedler Andreas , Popp Andreas , Seyidov Palvan , Anooz Saud Bin , Blukis Roberts , Rehm Jana , Tetzner Kornelius , Pietsch Mike , Dittmar Andrea , Ganschow Steffen , Akhtar Arub , Remmele Thilo , Albrecht Martin , Schulz Tobias , Chou Ta‐Shun , Kwasniewski Albert , Suendermann Manuela , Schroeder Thomas , Bickermann Matthias 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWith comprehensive crystal growth experiments of β‐(AlxGa1‐x)2O3 by the Czochralski method this work concludes a maximum [Al] = 40 mol% (35 mol% in the melt) that can be incorporated into β‐Ga2O3 crystal lattice while keeping single crystalline and monoclinic phase, resulting in the formula of β‐(Al0.4Ga0.6)2O3. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis reveals random distribution of Al across both octahedral and tetrahedral sites. This work has shown, that incorporation of only [Ga] ≥ 5 mol% into α‐Al2O3 crystals leads to a phase separation of (α + θ)‐Al2O3. With electrical measurements this work proves an increase of the electrical resistivity of β‐(AlxGa1‐x)2O3:Mg as compared to β‐Ga2O3:Mg. The static dielectric constant and refractive index both decrease with [Al]. Raman spectra shows a continuous shift and broadening of the peaks, with the low energy optical phonons Ag(3) having a large contribution to a decrease in the electron mobility. Further, Ir incorporation into the crystals decreases with [Al], wherein Ir4+ Raman peak disappears already at [Al] ≥ 15 mol%. Finally, thermal conductivity measurements on β‐(AlxGa1‐x)2O3 crystals show a drastic decrease of its values with [Al], to about 1/3 of the β‐Ga2O3 value at [Al] = 30 mol%.
Targeting Adenosine A2b Receptor Promotes Penile Rehabilitation of Refractory Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Xiong Yang , Qin Feng , Wei Shanzun , Yang Xingliang , Li Jun , Wu Changjing , Zhang Fuxun , Yuan Jiuhong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe mechanisms of adenosine and specific adenosine receptor subtypes in promoting penile rehabilitation remain unclear. Single‐cell RNA sequencing of human corpus cavernosum, adenosine deaminase (ADA) and adenosine receptors knock‐out mice (ADA−/−, A1−/−, A2a−/−, A2b−/−, and A3−/−), and primary corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells are used to determine receptor subtypes responsible for adenosine‐induced erection. Three rat models are established to characterize refractory erectile dysfunction (ED): age‐related ED, bilateral cavernous nerve crush related ED (BCNC), and diabetes mellitus‐induced ED. In single‐cell RNA sequencing data, the corpus cavernosum of ED patients show a decrease in adenosine A1, A2a and A2b receptors. In vivo, A2b receptor knock‐out abolishes adenosine‐induced erection but not that of A1, A2a, or A3 receptor. Under hypoxic conditions in vitro, activating the A2b receptor increases HIF‐1α and decreases PDE5 expression. In refractory ED models, activating the A2b receptor with Bay 60–6583 improves erectile function and down‐regulates HIF‐1α and TGF‐β. Administering Dipyridamole (40 mg Kg−1) to BCNC rats improve penile adenosine levels and erectile function. Our study reveals that the A2b receptor mediates adenosine‐induced penile erection. Activating the A2b receptor promotes penile rehabilitation of refractory ED by alleviating hypoxia and fibrosis.
Classification and Evaluation of Octopus‐Inspired Suction Cups for Soft Continuum Robots
Authors: van Veggel Stein , Wiertlewski Michaël , Doubrovski Eugeni L. , Kooijman Adrie , Shahabi Ebrahim , Mazzolai Barbara , Scharff Rob B. N. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe emergence of the field of soft robotics has led to an interest in suction cups as auxiliary structures on soft continuum arms to support the execution of manipulation tasks. This application poses demanding requirements on suction cups with respect to sensorization, adhesion under non‐ideal contact conditions, and integration into fully soft systems. The octopus can serve as an important source of inspiration for addressing these challenges. This review aims to accelerate research in octopus‐inspired suction cups by providing a detailed analysis of the octopus sucker, determining meaningful performance metrics for suction cups on the basis of this analysis, and evaluating the state‐of‐the‐art in suction cups according to these performance metrics. In total, 47 records describing suction cups are found, classified according to the deployed actuation method, and evaluated on performance metrics reflecting the level of sensorization, adhesion, and integration. Despite significant advances in recent years, the octopus sucker outperforms all suction cups on all performance metrics. The realization of high resolution tactile sensing in suction cups and the integration of such sensorized suction cups in soft continuum structures are identified as two major hurdles toward the realization of octopus‐inspired manipulation strategies in soft continuum robot arms.
Dual‐Mechanism Peptide SR25 has Broad Antimicrobial Activity and Potential Application for Healing Bacteria‐infected Diabetic Wounds
Authors: Luo Xue‐Yue , Hu Chun‐Mei , Yin Qi , Zhang Xiao‐Mei , Liu Zhen‐Zhen , Zhou Cheng‐Kai , Zhang Jian‐Gang , Chen Wei , Yang Yong‐Jun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe rise of antibiotic resistance poses a significant public health crisis, particularly due to limited antimicrobial options for the treatment of infections with Gram‐negative pathogens. Here, an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) SR25 is characterized, which effectively kills both Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria through a unique dual‐targeting mechanism without detectable resistance. Meanwhile, an SR25‐functionalized hydrogel is developed for the efficient treatment of infected diabetic wounds. SR25 is obtained through genome mining from an uncultured bovine enteric actinomycete named Nonomuraea Jilinensis sp. nov. Investigations reveal that SR25 has two independent cellular targets, disrupting bacterial membrane integrity and restraining the activity of succinate:quinone oxidoreductase (SQR). In a diabetic mice wound infection model, the SR25‐incorporated hydrogel exhibits high efficacy against mixed infections of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), accelerating wound healing. Overall, these findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of SR25 and highlight the value of mining drugs with multiple mechanisms from uncultured animal commensals for combating challenging bacterial pathogens.
High Stability and Corrosion‐Resistant Gas of Recyclable and Versatile Manganese‐Doped Lead‐Free Double Perovskite Crystals toward Novel Functional Fabric and Photoelectric Device
Authors: Zhang Xiaoman , Wang Xuyi , Nie Kun , Duan Xiuqiang , Hu Ziyao , Zhang Xiaodong , Mei Lefu , Wang Luoxin , Wang Hua , Ma Xiaoxue 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLead‐free halide perovskites possess excellent photoelectric properties, making them widely used in the photoelectric fields. Herein, lead‐free double perovskite crystals (PCs) doped with manganese (Cs2NaInCl6:Mn2+) are successfully prepared by the more energy‐efficient crystallization method. The crystals emit bright orange‐red light under the ultraviolet (UV) lamp, showing unique optical properties. They have the highest photoluminescence quantum yield of 42.91%. The white light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are fabricated using these perovskite crystals, which show a color rendering index of 92 and external quantum efficiency (EQE) as high as 16.3%. Furtherly, perovskite‐modified fiber paper made of aramid chopped fibers (ACFs) and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) exhibited fluorescent properties under different conditions. This paper combines fiber composite technology with PPS fiber filter bags, which are widely used in environmental protection, for the first time and demonstrates functional fiber filter bags with fluorescent characteristics. This filter bag provides an idea for the automatic detection of industrial filtration. Meanwhile, after being exposed to industrial waste gas for 60 h, the filter bag can maintain superior fluorescence performance. In this study, lead‐free double perovskites are synthesized using an efficient method for preparing high‐performance LEDs and high‐stability fluorescent fibers. Concurrently, the application of perovskites in environmental protection is expanded.