bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacodynamic effects of prenalterol in healthy subjects
Authors: Johnsson G. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT1. Prenalterol induces a dose–dependent effect on different variables reflecting myocardial contractility and heart rate. A clear cut effect can be demonstrated after an oral dose of 2.5 mg. The duration of the effect increases considerably when prenalterol Is administered as a controlled release preparation partly due to an increased bioavailability.2. Prenalterol induces a lipolytic effect manifested as a rise in free fatty acids and glycerol. Also a slight increase of plasma insulin is recorded while plasma potassium decreases somewhat.3. When prenalterol is administered together with therapeutic doses of a selective or non–selective β–adrenoceptor blocker it induces the same haemodynamic effects as before the β–blocker but the dose has to be increased ten–fold. These results suggest that prenalterol might be a useful drug to counteract unwanted haemodynamic effects of a β–blocker.4. In animal studies It has been shown that prenalterol has affinity for both β1 – and β2–adrenoceptors. However, it has a stimulating effect mainly on β1–adrenoceptors. Therefore, theoretically it might act as a β2–adrenoceptor antagonist. Preliminary results from studies in patients with chronic asthma indicate that prenalterol only has an insignificant β2–blocking effect when the drug is administered In doses which induce a significant β1–adrenoceptor stimulating effect.
Metabolic effects of prenalterol in diabetic patients
Authors: Oltmanns D. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTIn 16 non–diabetic and 16 diabetic patients prenalterol, dobutamine and dopamine infusions (5 μg/kg/min for 30 min) were given.The haemodynamic and metabolic changes were similar in diabetics and non–diabetics. Prenalterol has the most pronounced haemodynamic effect on heart rate (increase 25–47%) and the heart rate–blood pressure–product (increase 54–81%). The metabolic effects were moderate. The slight lipolytic effect of prenalterol documented its functional selectivity for β1–adrenoceptors.
Effects of prenalterol administered orally in patients with congestive heart failure
Authors: Hjalmarson A. , Abelardo N. , Caidahl K. , Reyes C. , Waagstein F. , Wallentin I. , Wikstrand J. , Estrada–Yamamoto M. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTA single–blind study of prenalterol 20–200 mg daily in a slow–release tablet preparation and a placebo was performed in 15 patients with moderate to severe congestive heart failure (NYHA II–IV) to evaluate the haemodynamlc and clinical effects of oral prenalterol. Non–invasive parameters in the measurement of cardiac output, stroke volume, pre–ejection period index (PEPI), PEP/LVET ratio, ejection fraction and mean Vcf were significantly improved, indicating beneficial effects of prenalterol on cardiac contractility. Systolic blood pressure, heart rate and rate–pressure product were slightly increased at rest but were considerably lower during exercise. Arrhythmogenecity was not seen in the patients studied. Subjective improvement was noted in the majority of patients as evidenced by a decreased frequency of dyspnoea, fatigue and angina. Unwanted effects, such as palpitations and transmitted arm pulsations, were transient and disappeared with dose adjustment, while the inotropic effect of the medication was maintained. The clinical response appeared to be sustained for up to 2 weeks of treatment, indicating non–development of tachyphylaxis.
Effect of intravenous prenalterol on haemodynamics and myocardial lactate extraction in patients with left ventricular failure
Authors: Kupper W. , Schütt M. , Bleifeld W. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTTo assess the immediate haemodynamlc and myocardial metabolic effects of the β1–agonist prenalterol, we studied by cardiac catheterisation the response to 50 and 100 μg/kg given intravenously in 16 patients with congestive heart failure secondary to coronary artery disease or non–ischaemic cardiomyopathy.At peak effect, cardiac index increased from 2.6–0.5 to 3.210.8 1/min/m2 (mean ± 8D) p < 0.001); peak rate of left ventricular pressure development rose from 963 ± 242 to 1355 ± 4ll mm Hg per second (p < 0.001); left ventricular end–diastolic pressure fell from 27 ± 6 to 13 ± 7 mm Hg (p < 0.001); coronary sinus blood flow increased from 120 ± 39 to 147 ± 55 ml/min (p < 0.01); myocardial oxygen consumption was augmented from 12.9 ± 3.9 to 15.7 ± 5.8 ml/min (p < 0.001); and heart rate increased slightly (76 ± 12 to 86 ± 14 beats per minute, p < 0.05). No significant changes occurred in left ventricular systolic pressure, stroke volume index, myocardial lactate extraction rate, myocardial arteriovenous oxygen difference and no patient developed angina, ECG–changes or ventricular arrhythmias.Infusion of prenalterol effectively improved the haemodynamlc function and cardiac metabolism in congestive cardiomyopathy.
HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE IN WOMEN
Authors: Sigurdsson Johann A 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was mainly to determine the prevalences of primary and secondary arterial hypertension in middle‐aged women and of symptoms, signs and metabolic effects of increased blood pressure per se or antihypertensive treatment, and to study the prognosis for women with hypertension. The study was part of a comprehensive longitudinal population study of middle‐aged women which started as a cross‐sectional study in 1968–69 (1462 participants, participation rate 90.1%). The same sample was re‐studied in 1974–75 (1302 participants, participation rate 89.1%) and in 1980–81 (1154 participants, participation rate 78.9% of those studied in 1968–69).Arterial hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 160 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure > 95 mm Hg (phase 5) or both. Women on anti‐hypertensive treatment were also considered hypertensive irrespective of the blood‐pressure levels. Altogether 192 women (13.1%) were considered to be untreated hypertensives and 68 women (4.7%) were on antihypertensive treatment at the time of the initial study. Secondary hypertension was found to account for 4.6% and surgically curable hypertension less than 1% of all causes of hypertension.Headache and dizziness were more often reported by those women who were on antihypertensive drugs, but when studied longitudinally only dizziness appeared as a new symptom more often in those who started antihypertensive treatment compared to the non‐hypertensive women (p < 0.05). It was especially common in those who started to take diuretics. Thirtyfour previously untreated women started taking diuretics and 52 β‐blockers as the sole antihypertensive drug after the initial study and were still on these drugs in 1974–75. An increase in serum triglyceride concentration was found in women started on β‐blcckers and a slight increase in serum uric acid in those started on diuretics. Serum cholesterol and blood glucose were unimpaired. There was an overrepresentation of diabetes nellitus in women starting antihypertensive treatment during the 12‐year follow‐up period (p < 0.001, relative risk 6.0). The increased incidence of diabetes mellitus could not be related to any particular antihypertensive drug.A 12‐year follow‐up of the population sample with respect to morbidity from cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases and total mortality is presented. Neoplasms were the most common cause of death. The morbidity from myocardial infarction and stroke and the total mortality were higher than expected in the group of women who were already on antihypertensive treatment at the time of the initial study, but no higher than expected in women whose hypertension was discovered in 1968–69 and who were offered continuous medical care throughout the period (expected figures calculated from age‐specific incidence rates in the total population sample).The preventive implications seem obvious. Early detection of arterial hypertension and continuous medical care, including antihypertensive treatment when needed, seem to lengthen the life of women without diminishing their quality of life.
Calcium Influx Blockers in the Treatment of Essential Hypertension
Authors: Hulthén U.L. , Bolli P. , Bühler F.R. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryElevated vascular resistance is the key factor in most cases of essential hypertension. Vascular resistance is determined by the sarcoplasmatic concentration of free Ca2+. Experimental studies have shown an increased dependence for the noradrenaline‐induced contraction on extracellular Ca2+ from the aorta to the small resistance vessels. This is in accordance with the potent vasodilating effect found with Ca2+‐influx inhibitors in man. Furthermore, a selective enhancement of the vasodilating response to verapamil has been found in patients with essential hypertension as compared to normotensive subjects. The verapamil‐induced vasodilation in the hypertensive patients was positively correlated to plasma adrenaline concentration. These findings suggest accentuated Ca2+‐influx dependent vasoconstriction in essential hypertension, which is related to the activity of the sympathetic nervous system.Acute administration of verapamil and nifedipin results in a distinct fall in blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension but not in normotensive subjects. Generally, the percentage fall in blood pressure with Ca2+‐channel blockers has been closely positively correlated to the initial blood pressure level and in an open study with 43 patients with essential hypertension the decrease in blood pressure to verapamil was also positively correlated to the age of patients.These data may provide the basis for a new treatment concept for essential hypertension proposing a Ca2+‐channel blocker as the first choice for the older patients and a beta‐adrenoceptor blocking agent as the first line drug for the younger patients. Combined treatment with a beta‐adrenoceptor blocking agent and a Ca2+‐channel blocker seems most efficient in normalizing blood pressure in many therapy‐resistant hypertensive patients.
Prolonged Severe Cholestasis Induced by Oxacillin Derivatives
Authors: TAURIS PALLE , JØRGENSEN NIELS F. , PETERSEN CLAUS M. , ALBERTSEN KAI 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Tauris P, JØrgensen NF, Petersen CM, Albertsen K. (Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Marselisborg Hospital, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.) Prolonged severe cholestasis induced by oxacillin derivatives.Two patients with osteomyelitis who developed reversible cholestatic jaundice during treatment with oxacillin derivatives are described. The clinical course as well as the biochemical pattern and the investigation of liver biopsy specimens enabled us to establish the diagnoses of drug‐induced canalicular and hepatocanalicular cholestasis.
BLOOD PRESSURE AND RESPONSE TO “STRESS” IN 11–16 YEAR OLD CHILDREN
Authors: Svensson Anders , Hansson Lennart 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Blood pressure at rest and cardiovascular response to “stress” were studied in 27 girls and 33 boys 11–16 years old. One group (HT, n = 23) had hypertensive mothers with a previous hypertensive pregnancy, another group (NT, n = 20) had normotensive mothers with a previous hypertensive pregnancy and the control group (C, n = 17) had normotensive mothers with normotensive pregnancies. Resting blood pressure was 124/71 mmHg (HT), 117/67 mmHg (NT) and 112/65 mmHg in the 3 groups. Systolic pressure was significantly different in all 3 groups (p < 0.05 ‐ p <0.001).Responses to noise stimulation (100 dBA) were identical in all groups with increases in diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure and cardiac output. During a video game session increases in blood pressure and heart rate were equal in the groups but during physical exercise a slight decrease in diastolic blood pressure was seen in the NT and C groups only.Differences in blood pressure in children with varying maternal history of hypertension do not seem to reflect alterations in the cardiovascular response pattern to “stress”.
Evidence of Myocardial Ischaemia in Patients with Chest Pain Syndromes and Normal Coronary Angiograms
Authors: Virtanen K. S. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Patients with chest pain syndromes and normal coronary angiograms were studied with a new set of methods that included thermodilution coronary sinus blood flow and coronary dye dilution curves with special computer analysis, oxygen and lactate determinations, thallium scannings, atrial pacing and dipyridamole tests.The following observations and conclusions were made:

Patients with cardiac hypertrophy have a reduced circulating coronary blood volume in relation to the left ventricular mass; this may play a role in patients' vulnerability to ischaemia.
During pacing‐induced angina a significant imbalance between oxygen supply and demand can be demonstrated in patients with »syndrome X».
Dipyridamole‐induced chest pain as a result of myocardial ischaemia seems to occur in patients with normal coronary arteries.
Marked ischaemia evidenced by a regional intensity reduction of 25% or more in thallium scans results in a significant increase in coronary volume. This is obviously due to mobilization of reserve vasculature as a response to ischaemia. A reduction in the ratio of myocardial oxygen supply to demand was demonstrated even in connection with milder defects, the regional intensity reduction being as low as 12.5%.
NERVOUS SYSTEM CONTROL MECHANISMS IN HEART FAILURE
Authors: Cohn Jay N. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Alterations in the peripheral circulation by influencing aortic impedance and venous capacitance have a remarkable effect on cardiac performance in patients with left ventricular dysfunction.Systemic vasoconstriction in heart failure is influenced by activation of the sympathetic nervous system (increased plasma norepinephrine), the renin‐angiotensin system (increased PRA) and the antidiuretic hormone system (increased arginine vasopressin). The level of plasma norepinephrine is related weakly to the severity of resting left ventricular dysfunction and strongly to the subsequent risk of mortality. Attenuation of reflex responsiveness to low pressure mechanoreceptors (orthostatic tilt) and to carotid and aortic baroreceptors (nitroprusside infusion) occurs in heart failure and the degree of abnormality also may be related to mortality.Vasodilation with consequent improvement in left ventricular function may be accomplished by non‐specific dilators (nitroprusside, nitrates, hydralazine, nitrendipine) or by specific interference with neurohumoral mechanisms (sympathetic blockade, converting enzyme blockade, AVP blockade). Plasma norepinephrine may be reduced by central or presynaptic mechanisms (guanabenz, bromocriptine, captopril). The hemodynamic effect of this anti‐sympathetic effect appears to be related to the relative influence on cardiac vs. peripheral sympathetic tone and/or concomitant effects of the drugs. Long‐term trials are needed to determine whether chronic inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system will have a salutary effect on the hemodynamics, symptomatology and prognosis of cardiac failure.
EFFECTS OF ACE INHIBITION ON RENAL REGULATION OF SALT AND WATER
Authors: Grönhagen‐Riska Carola 
Published: August 2010

Abstract CHF may activate the RAS by various mechanisms. Acute CHF is associated with high PRA, whereas chronic, stable disease is combined with normal values. The response to ACEI is affected by blood pressure, degree of activation of the RAS, salt balance and degree of possible renal failure. It may also be affected by concomitant diuretic or, e.g., digoxin therapy. ACEI improves RPF, GFR may remain normal or may increase, if it was previously impaired due to reduced RPF. Severe hypotension in combination with decreased autoregulatory capacity may decrease GFR. Generally, renal excretion of sodium and water increase These changes in renal handling of salt and water are primarily caused by decreased All. They are also augmented by inhibited sympathetic tone and thirst and decreased release of ADH and aldosterone Increased synthesis of vasodilating and natriuretic PGs is probably also of some importance.Dilutional hyponatremia may be corrected by combined ACE inhibitor and furosemide treatment. Water and sodium excretion increase and sodium is redistributed from the intracellular space. Low serum sodium values increase and azotemia may be corrected, if ACE inhibitor doses are carefully titrated to avoid severe hypotension. These effects are ascribed mainly to a decrease of AII, thirst and ADH release The effect of furosemide is improved since increased amounts of salt are delivered to the loop of Henle and access of furosemide to its she of action is facilitated by increased RPF. ACEI does not cause any obvious negative effects on renal handling of salt and water. However, during extreme salt and water depletion, the patient's ability to increase sodium reabsorption and retain water is impaired. Consequently, ACE inhibitors should be interrupted, or administered with care in such situations.
A 24‐week Multicenter Double‐blind Study of Doxazosin and Hydrochlorothiazide in Patients with Mild to Moderate Essential Hypertension
Authors: HJORTDAHL PER , VON KROGH HANS , DAAE LUDVIG , HOLME INGAR , HJERMANN INGVAR 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Hjortdahl P, von Krogh H, Daae L, Holme I, Hjermann I (Department of General Practice, University of Oslo, Oslo City Board of Health, Central Laboratory, Life Insurance Companies' Institute for Medical Statistics, Department of Internal Medicine, Ullevaal University Hospital, Oslo, Norway). A 24‐week multicenter double‐blind study of doxazosin and hydrochlorothiazide in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension.The new α1‐adrenoceptor antagonist, doxazosin (DOX), was compared with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), both drugs administered once daily, in a randomized double‐blind study including 115 patients. The mean final daily doses used were DOX, 10.8 mg; HCTZ, 89.1 mg. There were no statistically significant differences between treatment groups for blood pressure (BP) changes except that HCTZ produced a significantly greater fall (p=0.04) in supine systolic BP than DOX. The statistically significant mean differences in changes in lipid parameters (total cholesterol and total triglycerides) were in favour of DOX. The number of patients reporting side‐effects were DOX, 27/57; HCTZ, 29/53, with two DOX‐and five HCTZ‐treated patients withdrawn due to side‐effects. In the HCTZ‐treated group, laboratory serum tests indicated 11 patients with abnormally low potassium and seven with abnormally high uric acid concentrations. The overall results suggest a benefit‐to‐risk ratio in favour of DOX.
Trimethoprim Prophylaxis of Acute Exacerbations in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases
Authors: LIIPPO KARI , PELLINIEMI TARJATERTTU , LEHTO HEIKKI 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Liippo K, Pelliniemi T‐T, Lehto H (Department of Diseases of the Chest and Haematology, University of Turku, and the Research Center of the Farmos Group Ltd., Turku, Finland). Trimethoprim prophylaxis of acute exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Acta Med Scand 1987; 221:455–9.A double‐blind randomized trial was carried out to study the efficacy and tolerance of trimethoprim with a daily single dose of 300 mg in long‐term prophylaxis of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). The patients, 13 in the trimethoprim group and 11 in the placebo group, were followed up at fixed intervals and checked for respiratory functions and haematological parameters for six months. The number of exacerbations were significantly lower than during the previous winter in both groups: 0.6 compared to 3.8 in the trimethoprim group, and 0.6 to 3.0 in the placebo group. Tolerance of trimethoprim was good and did not differ from that of placebo. The necessity of double‐blind trials in evaluating the prophylactic value of antibiotics in COPD is emphasized, since the exacerbations are also dependent on many unknown factors. There were no statistically significant differences in blood counts of folate levels.
Somatic Diseases and Sleep Complaints
Authors: GISLASON THORARINN , ALMQVIST MAGNUS 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Gislason T, Almqvist M (Departments of Lung Medicine and Psychiatry, University Hospital, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden). Somatic diseases and sleep complaints. An epidemiological study of 3201 Swedish men. Acta Med Scand 1987; 221:475–81.The prevalence of sleep complaints and somatic diseases was estimated in a random sample of 4064 Swedish men aged 30–69 years. Great difficulty initiating sleep (DIS) was experienced by 6.9% and moderate problems in DIS by 14.3%. Complaints of major difficulty maintaining sleep (DMS) were reported by 7.5% of the men and of moderate DMS by 14.9%. DMS was more frequent with increasing age. Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) was reported by 5.7%. Altogether 879 men were attending regular medical examinations for somatic diseases. Among the 299 hypertensive men, major complaints of DMS (13.5%), DIS (8.4%) and EDS (8.8%) were more common, but the 167 men treated with β‐blockers rather showed a proportionally somewhat lower prevalence of sleep complaints. Men with obstructive pulmonary disease (n=113) had a higher prevalence of DMS (18.8%) and EDS (12.4%). Diabetic men (n=74) complained also more often of DMS (21.9%), DIS (21.1%) and EDS (12.2%). Men with rheumatic disease (n=176) and obesity (n=221) also had increased prevalence of sleep complaints.
Prediction of Glomerular Filtration Rate from Serum Creatinine, Age, Sex and Body Weight
Authors: TROLLFORS BIRGER , ALESTIG KJELL , JAGENBURG RUDOLF 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Trollfors B, Alestig K, Jagenburg R (Department of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, University of Umeå, Umeå, and Departments of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Chemistry, Östra Hospital, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden). Prediction of glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine, age, sex and body weight. Acta Med Scand 1987; 221:495–8.The accuracy and precision of estimates of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) from serum creatinine, age, sex and body weight using the methods proposed by Cockroft and Gault and by Siersbaeck‐Nielsen et al. were determined in 234 subjects on 574 occasions. The two methods gave almost identical estimates of GFR. As reference for determination of GFR plasma clearance of 51Cr‐EDTA as described by Bröchner‐Mortensen was used. The estimates of GFR gave a systematic deviation of about 10 ml/min and a precision of about ±15 ml/min (1 SD) in the GFR range between 30 and 90 ml/min.