bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Goniodysgenesis and exfoliation syndrome—significant concepts in therapy of hypertensive open angle glaucoma (HOAG)
Authors: Jerndal Tord 
Published: May 2009

Abstract HOAG is caused by certain factors that reduce the aqueous outflow and cause elevated IOP and subsequent glaucoma.The problem: To find the eyes predisposed to OH and glaucoma early enough.What ocular signs are useful as early indicators of OH?Gonioscopic studies have demonstrated that dominat goniodysgenesis is the genetic trait responsible for hereditary glaucoma, a hypertensive glaucoma with its onset usually before 50 years of age. For this group of patients early diagnosis is extremely important because of their lengthy exposition to OH. In a personal mixed surgical material of 281 hypertensive patients with a mean age of 65 years, goniodysgenesis was present in 55%.Other studies from Sweden demonstrate that exfoliation syndrome (ES) is found in 3/4 of all patients with open angle glaucoma. Late and inefficient therapy was a common cause of severe field defects in the exfoliative cases.
The ‘Lava sign’ in pigmentary glaucoma
Authors: Petursson Gissur 
Published: May 2009

Abstract Pigmentary glaucoma has typical characteristics that distinguish it as a separate entity. Excessive accumulation of pigment in the inferior chamber angle, sufficient to roll up on the corneal endothelium in downward gaze is very rare indeed, in this glaucoma group.This article will report on one such case along with it's management.Pigmentary hypopyon or hyphema and black hypopyon 2,3,4,5 or hyphema are terms that have been used loosely to describe the condition.As hypopyon and hyphema apply to different conditions in the eye, it is proposed that this rare phenomenon be referred to as the “lava sign”.
Clinical assessment of contrast sensitivity
Authors: Hyvärinen Lea , Moilanen IIkka , Rovamo Jyrki , Näsänen Risto 
Published: May 2009

Visual system transfers information at both high and low contrastlevels. It has been customary to assess visual function by measuring visual acuity although it has been well documented for over ten years' time that measurement of contrast sensitivity may reveal loss of visual function that is not detected by measurement of visual acuity.There are several commercially available clinical tests that are used in Scandinavian countries for assessment of visual transfer function in low contrast domain. We have chosen six of them for comparison: Cambridge Low Contrast Gratings, Vistech's contrast sensitivity tests for distance and near, PelliåRobson's low contrast letter chart, Vistest's LH‐5 contrast visual acuity test, and Mentor's computer based device for measurement of both contrast sensitivity and low contrast visual acuity.Each of the commercial tests measures low contrast vision in slightly different way. In order to have an overview of the function of these tests we have assessed vision of visually impaired patients and normally sighted subjects using all tests during one visit. In general the grating tests result inslightly higher contrast sensitivity values than the optotype tests. Contrast sensitivity values measured with grating tests are difficult to assess because the size of the stimulus affects the values.Based on our results, we recommend assessment of low contrast visual transfer using an optotype test as the basic test and a grating test in order to assess vision for orientation and mobility. The grating test should be used at two different distances resulting in approximately two and ten degree stimuli.
Duplex and color Doppler ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of choroidal tumors
Authors: Wolff‐Korman Patricia G. , Kormann Boris A. , Hasenfratz Gerhard C. , Spengel Florentin A. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract There is paucity of data on the value of neovascular blood flow measurements in the differential diagnosis of human choroidal tumors, mainly due to difficulties in quantitating tumor vascularity in vivo. Color Doppler imaging and Duplex ultrasound, the combination of B‐mode ultrasound and pulse Doppler analysis, were used to quantify tumor blood flow in 103 untreated tumors of the choroid.Pulsatile blood flow was detected at the tumor base of 62 choroidal melanomas (tumor height (TH) 3.1–11.7 mm) with a mean peak systolic frequency (MPSF) of 0.98 kHz (range 0.3–2.7 kHz). Compared to melanomas pulsatile neovascular flow in choroidal metastases (TH 2.1–6.5 mm, n = 12) was significantly higher (MPSF 1.87 kHz, range 0.8–3.5 kHz). No Doppler signals were elicited from age‐related macular degeneration (n = 9), choroidal nevus (TH 1.5–2.1 mm, n = 18) and choroidal osteoma (n = 2).The results indicate that the quantitative measurement of tumor blood flow by duplex and color Doppler ultrasound may serve as a new diagnostic tool in the evaluation of intraocular tumors.
Our experience in the diagnosis of intraocular tumours by a B‐scan computerized system and angiodynography (Doppler). Preliminary results
Authors: Falco Leonardo , Esente Stefano , Fanfani Sandro , Pasarelli Nicola , Utari Sabrina 
Published: May 2009

Abstract The authors compare the ultrasound diagnostic results of intraocular tumours by A/B‐scans (Sonomed B 3000, Sonocare, Sonovision STT‐100) with images obtained using computerized B‐scan (Sonocare, Sonovision STT‐100, Acoustic Tissue Typing ATT) and angiodynopgraphy systems (Quantum Philips). The Sonovision uses a computerized ultrasound spectrum analysis to assess the probability that a given lesion is a certain tumour, rather than another. The ATT system provides diagnostic probability for type B and type E melanoma, for haemangioma and metastatic carcinoma.The Quantum ultrasound equipment was developed for studying the heart and the major blood vessels. It is a colour Doppler that simplifies the Doppler technique, allowing it to study small anatomical parts such as tumourlike lesions of the eye. The Doppler technique ascertains the presence and the velocity of blood flow in the tumours.In presenting the preliminary results with the new techniques the authors are aware that the ATT system is not designed for some of the lesions under study (melanomas after conservative radiotherapy).
Immunological Profiles of
Bos taurus
and
Bos indicus
Cattle Infested with the Cattle Tick,
Rhipicephalus
(
Boophilus
)
microplus
Authors: Piper Emily K. , Jonsson Nicholas N. , Gondro Cedric , Lew-Tabor Ala E. , Moolhuijzen Paula , Vance Megan E. , Jackson Louise A. 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT

The cattle tick,
Rhipicephalus
(
Boophilus
)
microplus
, is a major threat to the improvement of cattle production in tropical and subtropical countries worldwide.
Bos indicus
cattle are naturally more resistant to infestation with the cattle tick than are
Bos taurus
breeds, although considerable variation in resistance occurs within and between breeds. It is not known which genes contribute to the resistant phenotype, nor have immune parameters involved in resistance to
R. microplus
been fully described for the bovine host. This study was undertaken to determine whether selected cellular and antibody parameters of the peripheral circulation differed between tick-resistant
Bos indicus
and tick-susceptible
Bos taurus
cattle following a period of tick infestations. This study demonstrated significant differences between the two breeds with respect to the percentage of cellular subsets comprising the peripheral blood mononuclear cell population, cytokine expression by peripheral blood leukocytes, and levels of tick-specific immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) antibodies measured in the peripheral circulation. In addition to these parameters, the Affymetrix bovine genome microarray was used to analyze gene expression by peripheral blood leukocytes of these animals. The results demonstrate that the
Bos indicus
cattle developed a stabilized T-cell-mediated response to tick infestation evidenced by their cellular profile and leukocyte cytokine spectrum. The
Bos taurus
cattle demonstrated cellular and gene expression profiles consistent with a sustained innate, inflammatory response to infestation, although high tick-specific IgG1 titers suggest that these animals have also developed a T-cell response to infestation.
Validation of the SPF
10
LiPA Human Papillomavirus Typing Assay Using Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Cervical Biopsy Samples
Authors: Dal Bello Barbara , Spinillo Arsenio , Alberizzi Paola , Cesari Stefania , Gardella Barbara , Silini Enrico Maria 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT

Lower levels of performance of human papillomavirus (HPV) typing assays in studies using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue compared to those using exfoliated cervical cells have been reported. The interpretation of current studies is limited by bias in inclusion criteria, sample matching, and methods of cell collection. We aimed to validate FFPE tissue for typing by the use of the SPF
10
LiPA assay, comparing cervical scrapings to punch and cone biopsy specimens. We examined 165 paired cervical scraping and FFPE punch biopsy samples, and 66 paired FFPE punch and cone biopsy samples. HPV typing was performed using the SPF
10
LiPA assay. Kappa statistics were used to measure interrater agreement. The overall agreement with respect to HPV status was 100%. For 74.5% of subjects (kappa = 0.6147), the same numbers of HPV types were detected in scraping and biopsy specimens. The overall positive typing agreement was 95.4% (range, 93.4 to 97.3) for 441 out of 484 individual HPV type analyses. Agreement was good for HPV-39, -42, -43, and -70 (kappa = 0.6506 to 0.7166), excellent for HPV-6, -16, -18, -31, -33, -35, -40, -51, -52, -56, -58, and -66 (kappa = 0.8499 to 0.9665), and absolute for HPV-11, -44, -45, -53, and -68. In 43.9% of cases (kappa = 0.247), the same numbers of HPV types were found in punch and cone biopsy specimens. Overall positive agreement for typing was 86.8% (range, 82.5 to 91.1) for 204 out of 266 individual HPV type analyses. More infections by HPV-18, -33, -51, and -52 were detected in cone specimens. HPV typing by SPF
10
LiPA performed equally well for cervical scraping specimens and standard pathological material. Some viral types are preferentially detected in cone specimens, likely reflecting better sampling of diseased epithelium and endocervix tissue.
Detection and Genomic Characterization of Aichi Viruses in Stool Samples from Children in Monastir, Tunisia
Authors: Sdiri-Loulizi Khira , Hassine Mouna , Gharbi-Khelifi Hakima , Sakly Nabil , Chouchane Slaheddine , Guediche Mohamed Neji , Pothier Pierre , Aouni Mahjoub , Ambert-Balay Katia 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT
Aichi virus has been associated with acute gastroenteritis in adults and children. Stool samples were collected from 788 Tunisian children suffering from diarrhea. Aichi virus was found in 4.1% of the cases. The high proportion of monoinfections and the high frequency of hospitalizations support the role of Aichi virus in pediatric gastroenteritis.
Proline and Tyrosine Residues in Scaffold Proteins of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Critical to the Interaction with Portal Protein and Its Incorporation into Capsids
Authors: Yang Kui , Baines Joel D. 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT

Previous results showed that amino acids 449 to 457 of pU
L
26, a component of the scaffold of herpes simplex virus 1 capsids, were critical for interaction with the portal protein encoded by U
L
6 and for incorporation of the portal into capsids. To identify residues in this scaffold domain critical for the interaction with pU
L
6, the two proteins were coexpressed in the absence of other viral proteins and subjected to immunoprecipitation with scaffold-specific antibody. Coimmunoprecipitation of pU
L
6 was precluded by pU
L
26 mutations Y451A, P452A, and E454A but not by P449A, R456A, or Y450A. In infected cells, Y451A and P452A diminished solubilization of pU
L
6, reduced incorporation of the portal into the capsid, and precluded viral replication and DNA packaging. In contrast, E454A did not affect these parameters despite the fact that E454 is invariant in a number of different alphaherpesvirus scaffold proteins. These data suggest that the interaction between the scaffold E454A mutant and portal protein is rescued by other viral functions. Finally, we show that amino acids 448 to 459 of pU
L
26 are sufficient to interact with pU
L
6 in a glutathione
S
-transferase pulldown assay in the absence of other viral proteins and that this interaction is inhibited with excess peptide containing pU
L
26 amino acids 443 to 462. Together, these observations suggest that a direct interaction between this scaffold domain and portal protein mediates incorporation of the portal into the capsid.
Cross-Subtype Neutralization Sensitivity despite Monoclonal Antibody Resistance among Early Subtype A, C, and D Envelope Variants of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
Authors: Blish Catherine A. , Jalalian-Lechak Zahra , Rainwater Stephanie , Nguyen Minh-An , Dogan Ozge C. , Overbaugh Julie 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) variants that are transmitted to newly infected individuals are the primary targets of interventions, such as vaccines and microbicides, aimed at preventing new infections. Newly acquired subtype A, B, and C variants have been the focus of neutralization studies, although many of these viruses, particularly of subtypes A and B, represent viruses circulating more than a decade ago. In order to better represent the global diversity of transmitted HIV-1 variants, an additional 31 sexually transmitted Kenyan HIV-1
env
genes, representing several recent infections with subtype A, as well as subtypes A/D, C, and D, were cloned, and their neutralization profiles were characterized. Most
env
variants were resistant to neutralization by the monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) b12, 4E10, 2F5, and 2G12, suggesting that targeting the epitopes of these MAbs may not be effective against variants that are spreading in areas of endemicity. However, significant cross-subtype neutralization by plasma was observed, indicating that there may be other epitopes, not yet defined by the limited available MAbs, which could be recognized more broadly.
Novel Ring Structure in the gp41 Trimer of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 That Modulates Sensitivity and Resistance to Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies
Authors: O'Rourke Sara M. , Schweighardt Becky , Scott William G. , Wrin Terri , Fonseca Dora P. A. J. , Sinangil Faruk , Berman Phillip W. 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT
The identification of the determinants of sensitivity and resistance to broadly neutralizing antibodies is a high priority for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) research. An analysis of the swarm of closely related envelope protein variants in an HIV-infected individual revealed a mutation that markedly affected sensitivity to neutralization by antibodies and antiviral entry inhibitors targeting both gp41 and gp120. This mutation mapped to the C34 helix of gp41 and disrupted an unexplored structural feature consisting of a ring of hydrogen bonds in the gp41 trimer. This mutation appeared to affect the assembly of the six-helix bundle required for virus fusion and to alter the conformational equilibria so as to favor the prehairpin intermediate conformation required for the binding of the membrane proximal external region-specific neutralizing antibodies 2F5 and 4E10 and the antiviral drug enfuvirtide (Fuzeon). The “swarm analysis” method we describe furthers our understanding of the relationships among the structure, function, and antigenicity of the HIV envelope protein and represents a new approach to the identification of vaccine antigens.
Consistency in size and asymmetry of the psoas major muscle among elite footballers
Authors: Stewart S , Stanton W , Wilson S , Hides J 
Published: May 2009

ObjectiveTo determine, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the psoas major (PM) muscle across multiple vertebral levels, to examine any asymmetry of the PM muscle and investigate the consistency across vertebral levels, and to determine whether a relationship exists between low back pain (LBP) and the size or asymmetry of the PM muscle among elite Australian Rules football (AFL) players.DesignObservational cross-sectional study.SettingAssessments and MRI examinations were carried out in a hospital setting.ParticipantsThirty-one male elite AFL players aged between 20 and 32 years participated in the study.Risk FactorsThe independent factors in the study were “asymmetry” (coded as ipsilateral or contralateral to kicking leg) and “group” (current LBP versus no current LBP).Main Outcome MeasurementsThe dependent variable in the study was the CSA of the PM muscle.ResultsThe PM muscle was larger on the side of the dominant kicking leg at all four vertebral levels measured (F = 7.28, p = 0.012). Participants who reported current LBP had larger PM muscles than the remainder of the players (F = 4.63, p = 0.041).ConclusionAdditional investigation into the underlying mechanisms of the observed differences in PM muscle size could help to develop treatment and rehabilitation programmes aimed at reducing the incidence of LBP among AFL players. Furthermore, asymmetry of the PM muscle was observed at multiple vertebral levels and therefore future studies may only need to take single-level measurements to assess for asymmetry.
Evaluation of the incidental and planned activity questionnaire for older people
Authors: Delbaere K , Hauer K , Lord S R 
Published: May 2009

ObjectiveThere is a need for a measure of physical activity that assesses low, basic and high-intensity activities suitable for use in ageing research including falls prevention trials. This study performed a formal validation of the incidental and planned activity questionnaire (IPAQ) by investigating its overall structure and measurement properties.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingCommunity sample.Participants500 older people (mean age 77.4 years, SD 6.08).Main Outcome MeasuresThe IPAQ was administered as part of a longer assessment in two different postal self-completion formats; one for estimating physical activity during the past week (IPAQ-W) and one for estimating average weekly physical activity over the past 3 months (IPAQ-WA). Test–retest reliability was assessed by the re-administration of the instruments one week later in a subsample of 80 respondents.ResultsBoth IPAQ versions had good measurement properties, but overall the IPAQ-WA performed better than the IPAQ-W. Rasch analyses indicated the IPAQ-WA had an excellent overall fit. Analysis of the internal structure supported the unidimensionality of the scale with an acceptable internal consistency. The content representation of the items revealed three categories (low, moderate and high levels of physical activity), with a good contribution of items by threshold. The IPAQ-WA had excellent test–retest reliability, intraclass correlation coefficient 0.87) and was able to discriminate differences in physical activity levels between groups differentiated by sex, age and fall risk factors.ConclusionsThe IPAQ has excellent psychometric properties and assesses the level of physical activity relating to both basic and more demanding activities. Further research is required to confirm sensitivity to change.
Evaluation of a commercially available pedometer used to promote physical activity as part of a national programme
Authors: Clemes S A , O'Connell S , Rogan L M , Griffiths P L 
Published: May 2009

ObjectiveTo assess the accuracy of a pedometer (manufactured by Silva) currently being used as part of a national programme to promote physical activity in the UK.MethodsLaboratory study: 68 participants (aged 19.2 years (SD 2.7), body mass index (BMI) 22.5 kg/m2(SD 3.3)) wore two Silva pedometers (over the right and left hips) while walking on a motorised treadmill at 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5 and 4 mph. Pedometer step counts were compared with actual steps counted. Free-living study: 134 participants (aged 36.4 years (SD 18.1), BMI 26.3 kg/m2(SD 5.1)) wore one Silva pedometer, one New-Lifestyles NL-1000 pedometer and an ActiGraph GT1M accelerometer (the criterion) during waking hours for one day. Step counts registered by the Silva and NL-1000 pedometers were compared with ActiGraph step counts. Percentage error of the pedometers were compared across normal-weight (n = 58), overweight (n = 45) and obese (n = 31) participants.ResultsLaboratory study: Across the speeds tested percentage error in steps ranged from 6.7 (4 mph) to 46.9% (2 mph). Free-living study: Overall percentage errors of the Silva and NL-1000 pedometers relative to the criterion were 36.3% and 9%, respectively. Significant differences in percentage error of the Silva pedometer were observed across BMI groups (normal-weight 21%, overweight 40.2%, obese 59.2%, p<0.001).ConclusionThe findings suggest the Silva pedometer is unacceptably inaccurate for activity promotion purposes, particularly in overweight and obese adults. Pedometers are an excellent tool for activity promotion; however, the use of inexpensive, untested pedometers is not recommended as they will lead to user frustration, low intervention compliance and adverse reaction to the instrument, potentially impacting future public health campaigns.
Analysis of a geotextile-reinforced embankment constructed on peat
Authors: Rowe R. K. , Maclean M. D. , Soderman K. L. 
Published: May 2009

This paper describes a finite element analysis of two instrumented sections of a geotextile-reinforced embankment constructed on peat. The results from the analysis provide very encouraging agreement with the field observations for both instrumented sections at the endof the two major stages of construction. It is shown that the drained strength parameters c′ = 1.8 kPa, [Formula: see text] determined from simple shear apparatus provided the best agreement between predicted and observed behaviour. Analyses were also performed using both the field vane strength and the drained shear parameters (c′ = 0, [Formula: see text]) determined from triaxial tests, and the implications of these analyses are discussed. The geotextile–fill interface strength properties are also presented and it is suggested that, in this embankment, interface slip was not a factor affecting embankment performance.The analysis indicates that the major effect of the high modulus geotextile (Geolon 1250) used in the deepest section of the deposit was to reduce lateral movements, although it may have slightly reduced vertical movements as well. It is concluded that even a very high modulus geotextile will not prevent large consolidation settlements of embankments on peat. Key words: embankment, muskeg, peat, geotextile, settlement, analysis, finite element, shear strength, soil reinforcement.