bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE PHENOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE SPRUCE BUDMOTH, ZEIRAPHERA CANADENSIS (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE), AND WHITE SPRUCE IN NORTHERN NEW BRUNSWICK
Authors: Turgeon Jean J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe relationship between the phenological development of the spruce budmoth (SBM), Zeiraphera canadensis, and that of its primary host, white spruce, was studied in New Brunswick using descriptive indices for both insect and host development. Larval emergence of SBM was synchronized with bud burst of white spruce, the species on which most eggs are laid. Subsequent SBM larval development can be estimated through reference to the development index for white spruce. For black, Norway, and red spruce, initial bud burst occurred approximately 15, 3, and 15 days, respectively, later than white spruce and this asynchrony is probably one of the reasons why the SBM is not an important pest on these tree species.
SEASONAL HISTORY, ADULT FLIGHT ACTIVITY, AND DAMAGE OF THE OBLIQUEBANDED LEAFROLLER, CHORISTONEURA ROSACEANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), IN FILBERT ORCHARDS
Authors: AliNiazee M.T. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSeasonal history, adult flight activity, and damage of the obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), on filbert were studied during a 7-year period between 1976 and 1984. Data from periodic field counts and moth catches in sex-attractant traps indicated two generations per year. The first-generation adult capture peak was generally higher than the second, except in 1978 when about an equal number of moths were trapped from both generations. A physiological time scale, using degree-days (DD), was devised for predicting emergence of obliquebanded leafroller adults. The first adults from overwintering larvae emerged at approximately 374 DD above a threshold of 10 °C starting 1 March. A total of 1172 DD were required between the first and the last adult emergence during the first generation and about 519 DD during the second generation. The obliquebanded leafroller causes both foliar and nut damage in filbert orchards of Oregon. Foliar damage was insignificant, but nut damage, caused exclusively by the first-generation larvae during June and early July, was highly destructive. Larval feeding on nuts caused staining and premature drop of infested nuts resulting in substantial yield reduction in heavily infested orchards.
DESCRIPTION OF FIRST-INSTAR LARVA OFMETRIUS CONTRACTUSESCHSCHOLTZ (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) WITH REMARKS ABOUT PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AND RANKING OF THE GENUSMETRIUSESCHSCHOLTZ
Authors: Bousquet Yves 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe 1st-instar larva ofMetrius contractusEschscholtz is described and illustrated. The larva differs from those of other Carabidae (except some species of ozaenines) by having the epipleurites of the 9th segment and the tergum of the 8th segment transformed into a plate and by having the urogomphi antler-like and located in a vertical plane. These character states support the hypothesis, based on published analysis of the adult structures, that the monogeneric tribe Metriini is closely related to the tribes Ozaenini and Paussini. The ranking ofMetrius, Ozaenini, and Paussini is re-evaluated and it is proposed that these three groups be combined in one tribe, the Paussini (sensu novo). The tribe Paussini, thus constituted, is placed with the tribes Brachinini and Crepidogastrini in the subfamily Paussinae. The relationships of the subfamily are unclear, but it probably represents a primitive element of the Carabidae. Based on the available data on bionomics and larval morphology of paussines, it is suggested that larvae ofMetriuslive in rotten logs and depend for their survival on some kind of animal which they attract through a secretion released at the extremity of the abdomen. The kind of animal and the type of interaction between the animal and theMetriuslarvae remain unknown.
INSECT GROWTH REGULATORS: PROMISING EFFECTS ON CITRUS THRIPS (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE)
Authors: Grout T.G. , Morse J.G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSeveral insect growth regulators (IGRs) were tested against citrus thrips, Scirtothrips citri (Moulton), in Munger cells. In all larval tests, the IGRs worked by preventing the thrips from developing to the pupal or adult stages. After exposing adult females to IGR residues, numbers of emerging progeny were reduced, although these results did not always rank the IGRs in the same order as the larval tests. The most effective IGR tested was UC84572, followed by cyromazine. Avermectin B1, a streptomycete-derived lactone, did not show IGR activity but acted as an insecticide and controlled the thrips at a much lower percentage active ingredient.
SOME ARCTIC AND SUBARCTIC SOLITARY BEES COLLECTED AT INUVIK AND TUKTOYAKTUK, NWT, CANADA (HYMENOPTERA: APOIDEA)
Authors: Sakagami Shôichi F. , Toda Masanori J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNine species of solitary bees are recorded from a northern area of Northwest Territories:Osmia inermisfrom tundra at Tuktoyaktuk, andHylaeus ellipticus,Evylaeus comagenensis,E.borealis,Sphecodesaff.pusillus,Anthidium tenuiflorae,Megachile centuncularis,M.f.frigida, andAnthophora b.bomboidesfrom the northern limit of subarctic forest at Inuvik. All represent the northernmost records of the species. Some chorological and ecological notes are added to.
ANTS (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) ASSOCIATED WITH STRIP-CLEARCUT AND DENSE SPRUCE-FIR FORESTS OF MAINE
Authors: Jennings Daniel T. , Houseweart Mark W. , Francoeur André 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFour genera and 9 species of ants were collected by pitfall traps in a spruce budworm-infested forest of northern Maine. Myrmica detritinodis and Camponotus herculeanus were most abundant. In 1977, significantly more individuals and species were trapped in dense spruce-fir stands than in either uncut residual or clearcut strips. In 1978, clearcut-strip and dense-stand means were nonsignificant for individuals and species, but significantly more individuals and species were trapped in clearcut than in uncut residual strips. Ants were active during the spruce budworm’s developmental stages. Diversity of ant species was generally greater in dense stands than in strip-clearcut areas. Individuals were distributed unevenly among species but more evenly in dense stands than in strip-clearcut areas (residual + clearcut strips). Coefficients of community (CC) and percentage similarity (PS) values indicated ant species and individuals shared forest conditions in common; however, the most dissimilar neighboring habitats (uncut residual and clearcut strips) had few species in common. Neither age of strip clearcut (1–6 years) nor litter depth had much influence on mean catches and mean number of species of ants/trap/week.
SOME EFFECTS OF POST-HARVEST FUMIGATION, CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE STORAGE, AND COLD STORAGE ON SAN JOSE SCALE (HOMOPTERA: DIASPIDIDAE) SURVIVAL ON TWO VARIETIES OF APPLES
Authors: Angerilli N.P.D. , Gaunce A.P. , Logan D.M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRed Delicious and Winesap apples infested with San Jose scale were placed into either regular (CS) or controlled-atmosphere (CA) cold storage, either with or without prior fumigation with methyl bromide. Fumigation with a dose of 32 g/m3 killed all infesting stages of the scale on Red Delicious apples in CS after 31 days and in CA after 137 days. Complete scale mortality on Winesap apples occurred after 167 days in CA and in CS if previously fumigated.
ATTRACTION OF THE TWOLINED CHESTNUT BORER,AGRILUS BILINEATUS(WEBER) (COLEOPTERA: BUPRESTIDAE), AND ASSOCIATED BORERS TO VOLATILES OF STRESSED WHITE OAK
Authors: Dunn James P. , Kimmerer Thomas W. , Nordin Gerald L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe twolined chestnut borer,Agrilus bilineatus(Weber) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is associated with mortality of stressed oaks in the eastern deciduous forests of North America. Beetles were attracted to stressed trees within hours of the onset of stress. We hypothesized that adult beetles rapidly locate suitable hosts by olfactory detection of tree-released volatiles. Trees with sticky-band traps and vane traps baited with crude steam distillates from inner bark of stressed white oaks, or with combinations of ethanol and oak volatiles, captured significantly more beetles than did water controls. Ethanol alone did not attract significant numbers ofA.bilineatus. Eighty-two percent of beetles captured were females. Ethanol-baited traps captured large numbers of Cerambycidae, Scolytidae, and a few Cleridae, and these insects were not attracted to oak volatiles. Sticky-band traps were more effective than vane traps in capturingA.bilineatusand other Buprestidae, but Cerambycidae and Scolytidae were more effectively captured in vane traps. Our results show thatA.bilineatusis attracted to oak volatiles but later successional beetles are attracted to ethanol.
COMMENTS ON A PROPOSED “NEW” APPROACH FOR SELECTING AGENTS FOR THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS
Authors: Goeden R.D. , Kok L.T. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe “new approach” to selecting biological control agents, as proposed by Hokkanen and Pimentel in 1984, through the use of new exploiter–victim associations is inappropriate for the biological control of weeds because of certain misconceptions in their method. Examples of biological control of weeds cited in their analysis were biased towards cactaceous insects, and cacti are not representative of target weeds. Several of their “new” associations were inaccurate. These inaccuracies are discussed and additional examples are provided to refute the proposed method. Contrary to the recommendation of Hokkanen and Pimentel, new exploiter-victim associations offer limited opportunities for biological control of non-cactaceous weeds with insects, and should not be used as the preferred method in selecting biotic agents for the biological control of weeds.
FIRST RECORDS OF PHORETIC CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA) ASSOCIATED WITH NYMPHS OFPTERONARCYS DORSATA(SAY) (PLECOPTERA: PTERONARCYIDAE)
Authors: Dosdall L.M. , Mason P.G. , Lehmkuhl D.M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractEight species of Chironomidae (Diptera), includingCricotopussp. nr.tremulus,Tvetenia vitracies(Saether),Nanocladius(s.s.) cf.rectinervis(Kieffer),Nanocladius branchicolusSaether,Nanocladius(s.s.) cf.spiniplenusSaether,Paratanytarsus confususPalmen,Polypedilum(s.s.)convictum(Walker), andRheotanytarsussp., are reported for the first time in phoretic association with nymphs ofPteronarcys dorsata(Say) (Plecoptera: Pteronarcyidae). The stoneflies and associated chironomids were found in rivers of central and northern Saskatchewan.Rheotanytarsussp. andP.convictumwere the most common ectosymbionts onP.dorsata. Phoretic larvae were found most frequently attached to the host’s metathorax.Pteronarcys dorsatanymphs may be ideal hosts for phoretic inhabitants because of their abundance, large size, and detrivorous habit.
AERIAL DISPERSAL BEHAVIOR OF LARVAL BAGWORMS, THYRIDOPTERYX EPHEMERAEFORMIS (LEPIDOPTERA: PSYCHIDAE)
Authors: Cox David L. , Potter Daniel A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSeasonal and daily patterns of ballooning, and behavioral processes involved in aerial dispersal of the bagworm, Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis (Haworth), were studied on Juniperus virginiana L. in Kentucky. The aerial dispersal period began in mid-May 1983 and lasted ca. 1 month. About 75% of dispersing larvae ballooned after making a bag. Settling velocities were determined for larvae with and without bags and trailing varying lengths of silk; a model was then developed that predicts dispersal distance for a particular wind speed and departure height. Most aerial dispersal is probably short-range. The bag reduced potential dispersal distance, but larvae with bags survived ca. 2 days longer than those without bags when exposed to abiotic factors off of a host. Larvae without bags ballooned mostly in morning, whereas 80% of the larvae dispersing with a bag ballooned in the afternoon. These patterns may be related to the diel periodicity of emergence of neonate larvae from old female bags, and the subsequent behavior of 1st instars prior to dispersal. A large proportion of each cohort emigrates regardless of host condition.
ANNOTATED LIST OFUROLEUCON(LAMBERSIUS) (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) OF AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO, WITH A KEY AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES
Authors: Robinson A.G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA key is given for 29 species in the subgenusLambersiusOlive in America north of Mexico. An annotated list is provided for 22 species, and descriptions for the following 7 new species:Uroleucon(Lambersius)carberriensisn. sp.,U. (L.)clydesmithin. sp.,U. (L.)coloradensisn. sp.,U. (L.)manitobensisn. sp.,U. (L.)nevadensisn. sp.,U. (L.)penderumn. sp., andU. (L.)suzannaen. sp.Uroleucon(Lambersius)tissoti(Boudreaux) is declared to be a synonym ofU. (L.)luteolum(Williams) andU. (L.)baccharidis(Clarke) as anomen dubium.
CONE AND SEED INSECTS OF TAMARACK, LARIX LARICINA (DU ROI) K. KOCH, AND ATTEMPTS TO CONTROL DAMAGE USING CHEMICAL INSECTICIDES
Authors: Amirault P.A. , Brown N. Rae 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAn investigation of the insects that damage cones (megasporangiate strobili) and seeds of tamarack [Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch] in New Brunswick was undertaken. During two growing seasons (1982 and 1983) cones were removed from natural and planted stands of tamarack on a weekly basis. These cones were dissected, the nature and amount of insect damage recorded, and insect habits documented. Efforts were made to rear to adults any destructive insects encountered in order to identify them and to isolate parasites. Insects destroyed from 24.6 to 88.0% of the seed produced in the stands under study. Larvae of the spruce budworm [Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)] and the cone maggot [Lasiomma viarium (Huckett) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)] were responsible for most of the damage. Among insects that caused lesser amounts of damage were a cone midge [Resseliella sp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)], a seed chalcid [Megastigmus sp. (Hymenoptera: Torymidae)], and various lepidopterous larvae. Applications of the insecticides carbofuran and dimethoate reduced the amount of insect damage. Carbofuran applied at the rate of 13.5 g active ingredient per centimetre of diameter at breast height provided the best protection. Trees treated in this manner had 37.0% of their seeds destroyed by insects as opposed to 74.2% on control trees.
REFRIGERATION FOR MAINTENANCE OF PTEROMALUS PUPARUM (L.) (HYMENOPTERA: PTEROMALIDAE) ADULT PARASITES
Authors: Lasota J.A. , Kok L.T. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractVarious temperatures were tested for maintaining Pteromalus puparum (L.) adult parasites in the laboratory. Survival of adults caged in groups and supplied with a 10% sugar solution exceeded 80% after 30 days at 15 and 23°C. When kept individually in small gelatin capsules at 3°C, survival was good only up to 15 days. The gelatin capsules, however, allowed easier handling of individual parasites without disturbing the entire group.
SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF THE PEA APHID, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE), IN MANITOBA FIELD PEAS
Authors: Maiteki G.A. , Lamb R.J. , Ali-Khan S.T. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), were sampled from 1980 to 1983 in field peas, Pisum sativum (L.), in Manitoba. Sweep and foliage samples were taken in commercial fields and plots. Aphids were found in late May or early June soon after the crop emerged, but populations were low throughout June. Populations increased in July, when the crop was flowering and producing pods, and peaked in the latter half of July or early August in 3 of the 4 years, when pods were maturing. Populations decreased rapidly after the peak, as the plants senesced. In 1980, a drought year, aphid densities were low and the populations peaked in the middle of August. From 1981 to 1983, densities exceeded the economic threshold in all commercial fields and all but one of the plots that were sampled.
EVALUATION OF HIGH-CAPACITY, NONSATURATING SEX PHEROMONE TRAPS FOR MONITORING POPULATION DENSITIES OF SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Sanders C.J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe efficiency of two sticky-bottomed traps and seven high-capacity, nonsticky traps in catching male spruce budworm [Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)] moths was evaluated in a wind tunnel. The place where the male moths first contacted the trap, the length of time that passed until they entered the trap, and the number remaining in the trap after 5 min were recorded. The most efficient traps were the Pherocon 1 C, a sticky-bottomed trap, and the Multi-Pher and Uni-trap, both nonsticky traps with internal funnel-shaped baffles that prevent moths from escaping. As sticky traps become saturated at relatively low densities they are not suitable for monitoring wide changes in population density. The Multi-Pher and Uni-trap are therefore recommended for monitoring population changes of the spruce budworm, establishing thresholds for management action, and estimating population density.
PRIMARY TYPES OF SYMPHYTA (HYMENOPTERA) IN THE CANADIAN NATIONAL COLLECTION
Authors: Sarazin Michael J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractOne hundred and four primary types of Symphyta housed in the Canadian National Collection were examined and listed. These were contributed by the following authors: Harrington (18), MacGillivray (19), Provancher (17), Smith (9), Goulet (8), Ross (7), Wong (4), Wong and Ross (4), Benson (3), Gibson (3), Middlekauff (3), Curran (2), Garlick (2), Peck (2), Burdick (1), Ries (1), and Wong and Milliron (1).
CALLING BEHAVIOR OF THE BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE),
Authors: Howlader M.A. , Gerber G.H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe calling posture, diel periodicity of calling, calling pattern, photoperiodic cue of calling, and endogenous circadian rhythm of calling were studied in virgin females of the bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata Walker, at 20°C, 60% RH, and a 16 h light: 8 h dark photoperiod. The female had a definite calling posture: the ovipositor was extruded and curved downward at an angle of about 45°, the wings were raised above the abdomen in the form of a “V”, the antennae were directed posteriorly and held close to the sides of the thorax, and the abodmen was bent so that the two ends were raised slightly and the middle was lowered. Calling had a discrete diel periodicity, occurring in the last two-thirds of the scotophase. The calling pattern was characteristic of the continuous pattern of calling. The lights-off signal was the photoperiodic cue responsible for setting the timing of the diel periodicity of calling. The circadian rhythm of calling was endogenously based.
BIONOMICS OF THE DAMSEL BUG, NABIS AMERICOFERUS CARAYON (HEMIPTERA: NABIDAE), A PREDATOR OF THE ALFALFA BLOTCH LEAFMINER (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE)
Authors: Guppy J.C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe damsel bug, Nobis americoferus Carayon, develops through two generations a year in eastern Ontario. In early fall, females of the second generation develop a reproductive diapause but both sexes continue to feed until freeze-up. Post-diapause development begins in late March. Eggs are deposited singly in plant stems but several may be laid in close proximity. In alfalfa, most eggs were found where stem diameter measured from 0.8 to 1.9 mm but height of oviposition site was not related to length of stem. Females reared at 23°C laid an average of 157 eggs during a 3-week oviposition period. The immature stages of the first generation occurred from mid-April to mid-July and those of the second generation from mid-July to early September. The duration of each stage of N. americoferus, fed pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harr.), and held at four constant temperatures, 18, 23, 28, and 31°C, decreased with increasing temperature. There was a highly correlated linear relationship between rate of development and temperature for all stages. The theoretical temperature threshold for development of eggs was 11.1°C and that for the nymphal stage was 10.6°C; degree-day requirements for these stages were 123.5 and 370.4, respectively. Developmental rate of nymphs varied with host as well as temperature; nymphs fed larvae of the alfalfa blotch leafminer, Agromyza frontella (Rondani), developed significantly faster than those fed pea aphid.
ON THE DYNAMICS OF BLACKHEADED BUDWORM POPULATIONS
Authors: Berryman Alan A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBased on a simple graphic analysis, I conclude that blackheaded budworm population density cycles are caused by delayed negative feedback processes, probably due to the numerical response of insect parasitoids. The parasitoid–host interaction, however, has a stable solution and continuous population density cycles can only be maintained in a variable environment.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON OVIPOSITION AND EGG DEVELOPMENT IN THE SPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAFMINER, PHYLLONORYCTER BLANCARDELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE)
Authors: Trimble R.M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe threshold temperature (t0) for both oviposition and egg development and the thermal constant (K) for egg development were determined using linear regression analysis for an Ontario population of the spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (Fabr.). Fecundity was highly variable, ranging from 1 to 152 eggs, and was not significantly affected by temperature. Calculation of the daily oviposition rates for the first 4 days of the experiment and for the period from the beginning of the experiment until the day on which the last egg was laid resulted in estimates of the oviposition threshold of 9.1 and 8.9°C, respectively. The threshold temperature for egg development was estimated as 2.5°C and the thermal constant for egg development as 172.5 degree-days.
PRIMARY ATTRACTION OF IPS LATIDENS (LECONTE) AND HYLASTES GRACILIS LECONTE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) TO HIGH-GIRDLED LODGEPOLE PINE, PINUS CONTORTA VAR. LATIFOLIA ENGELMANN
Authors: Miller D.R. , Madden J.L. , Borden J.H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn the absence of secondary attraction, 2 species of Scolytidae, Ips latidens (LeConte) and Hylastes gracilis LeConte, showed significant preference while in flight for high-girdled over non-girdled lodgepole pines, Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelmann. In contrast, beetles in 2 genera of Elateridae, Ampedus and Ctenicera, showed significant preference for non-girdled over high-girdled lodgepole pines. Beetles in 12 other families, as well as other scolytids and elaterids, did not show any significant preference or aversion to high-girdled trees. This is the first clear demonstration of primary attraction for a North American Ips species and the second for an Hylastes species.
LARVAL COLORATION OF HYBRIDS BETWEEN CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALIS AND C. RETINIANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Liebhold Andrew M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLarval color morph frequencies were observed in the offspring of hybrid and backcross matings between pure Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman and C. retiniana (Walsingham) laboratory lines. Offspring of hybrid matings were mostly brown larval forms but intermediate and green larvae also occurred. Progeny of backcrosses to C. occidentalis were almost entirely brown larvae. Backcrosses to C. retiniana yielded mostly green larvae but a substantial number of intermediate and brown larvae also were in the progeny. There was no evidence that larval color is sex-linked or sex-limited.