bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal Nutrition and Birth Outcomes: Effect of Balanced Protein‐Energy Supplementation
Authors: Imdad Aamer , Bhutta Zulfiqar A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe nutritional status of a woman before and during pregnancy is important for a healthy pregnancy outcome. Maternal malnutrition is a key contributor to poor fetal growth, low birthweight (LBW) and short‐ and long‐term infant morbidity and mortality. This review summarised the evidence on association of maternal nutrition with birth outcomes along with review of effects of balanced protein‐energy supplementation during pregnancy. A literature search was conducted on PubMed, WHOLIS, PAHO and Cochrane library. Only intervention studies were considered for inclusion and data were combined by meta‐analyses if available from more than one study. Sixteen intervention studies were included in the review. Pooled analysis showed a positive impact of balanced protein‐energy supplementation on birthweight compared with control [mean difference 73 (g) [95% confidence interval (CI) 30, 117]]. This effect was more pronounced in undernourished women compared with adequately nourished women. Combined data from five studies showed a reduction of 32% in the risk of LBW in the intervention group compared with control [relative risk (RR) 0.68 [95% CI 0.51, 0.92]]. There was a reduction of 34% in the risk of small‐for‐gestational‐age babies in the intervention compared with the control group [RR 0.66 [95% CI 0.49, 0.89]]. The risk of stillbirth was also reduced by 38% in the intervention group compared with control [RR 0.62 [95% CI 0.40, 0.98]]. In conclusion, balanced protein‐energy supplementation is an effective intervention to reduce the prevalence of LBW and small‐for‐gestational‐age births, especially in undernourished women.
Decrease in anti‐Leishmania IgG3 and IgG1 after cutaneous leishmaniasis lesion healing is correlated with the time of clinical cure
Authors: FAGUNDES‐SILVA G. A. , VIEIRA‐GONCALVES R. , NEPOMUCENO M. P. , De SOUZA M. A. , FAVORETO S. , OLIVEIRA‐NETO M. P. , DA‐CRUZ A. M. , GOMES‐SILVA A. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryFor better efficiency in the establishment of American tegumentary leishmaniasis clinical cure, the World Health Organization suggests that the clinical criteria are supported by serologic data. The present study aims to investigate the dynamics of IgG subclass production in clinical evolution post‐treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Paired sera from 23 subjects with CL resulting from Leishmania braziliensis infection were studied during the active lesion phase (aCL) and after clinical cure post‐therapy (hCL), which included an alternative protocol with a low dose of antimony. Anti‐Leishmania IgG and its subclasses were measured using ELISA, and the immunoglobulin levels were correlated with patients’ clinical data. All of the subjects were clinically healed and did not present relapse during follow‐up. Serum levels of anti‐Leishmania IgG (r = −0·79; P < 0·0001), IgG1 (r = −0·64, P < 0·001) and IgG3 (r = −0·42, P < 0·045) in hCL were negatively correlated with the duration of clinical cure. After 24 months of clinical cure, 73% of samples were negative for IgG1 and 78% were negative for IgG3. In conclusion, the detection of serum anti‐Leishmania IgG1 and IgG3 is an improved laboratory strategy to aid in the decision of interruption of the ambulatory follow‐up of CL patients.
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells attenuate lung inflammation of hyperoxic newborn rats
Authors: Zhang Hongshan , Fang Jianpei , Su Haobin , Yang Min , Lai Wenyu , Mai Yougang , Wu Yanyun 
Published: June 2012

Zhang H, Fang J, Su H, Yang M, Lai W, Mai Y, Wu Y. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells attenuate lung inflammation of hyperoxic newborn rats.Abstract:  BPD is a significant global health problem and currently lacks effective therapy. We established a neonatal rat model of BPD to investigate therapeutic potential of BMSCs in neonatal lung disease. BMSCs were isolated, identified, and transfected by lentiviral vector carrying GFP gene in vitro. Neonatal rats were injected intravenously with either BMSCs or PBS after they had been already exposed to high oxygen for seven days, and assessed on post‐injection day 3, day 7, and day 14 for weight gaining, lung histology, radical alveolar counts, and lung cytokine level. BMSCs were positive for CD29, CD44, and CD90 whereas negative for CD34, CD45, CD11b and with differentiation potential into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes. BMSCs expressed GFP after transfected by lentivirus. After injection, BMSCs exert their therapeutic benefit of improving weight gaining, preventing alveolar growth arrest, and suppressing lung inflammation of neonatal rats. Intravenous delivery of BMSCs in newborn rats conferred protection from hyperoxia‐induced lung injury, and one of the effects of BMSCs treatment is suppressing lung inflammation.
Prevalence of hepatitis E virus infection in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients – A single‐center experience
Authors: Hoerning André , Hegen Bianca , Wingen Anne‐Margret , Cetiner Metin , Lainka Elke , Kathemann Simone , Fiedler Melanie , Timm Jörg , Wenzel Jürgen J. , Hoyer Peter F. , Gerner Patrick 
Published: June 2012

Hoerning A, Hegen B, Wingen A‐M, Cetiner M, Lainka E, Kathemann S, Fiedler M, Timm J, Wenzel JJ, Hoyer PF, Gerner P. Prevalence of hepatitis E virus infection in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients – A single‐center experience.Abstract:  HEV infection appears to be an emerging disease in industrialized countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of HEV infection in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients. One hundred and twenty‐four pediatric recipients of liver (n = 41) or kidney (n = 83) transplants aged between one and 18 yr were screened for anti‐HEV IgG antibodies. Patients were tested for fecal HEV RNA excretion if they showed anti‐HEV seropositivity. As a control group, 108 immunocompetent pediatric patients without liver disease aged between three and 18 yr were screened for anti‐HEV IgG. HEV seroprevalence was 2.4% in renal Tx (2/83), 4.9% in liver Tx patients (2/41), and 3.2% overall (4/124). Three of these four patients were HEV RNA‐negative. In one renal transplant patient, HEV genotype 3 RNA excretion persisted and liver enzymes were elevated, indicating chronic hepatitis. In the control group, eight patients (7.4%) were HEV IgG‐positive without biochemical evidence of hepatitis. The prevalence of HEV infection in pediatric renal or liver transplant recipients is not higher compared with immunocompetent children. Chronic HEV infection with long‐term carriage of the virus may develop in pediatric transplant recipients. Autochthonous HEV infection needs to be considered in uncertain cases of hepatitis in immunosuppressed as well as immunocompetent children.
Long‐term outcome of deceased donor renal transplantation in pediatric recipients: A single‐center experience from a developing country
Authors: Kute Vivek B. , Trivedi Hargovind L. , Vanikar Aruna V. , Shah Pankaj R. , Gumber Manoj R. , Patel Himanshu V. , Munjappa Bipin C. , Modi Pranjal R. , Gera Dinesh N. 
Published: June 2012

Kute VB, Trivedi HL, Vanikar AV, Shah PR, Gumber MR, Patel HV, Munjappa BC, Modi PR, Gera DN. Long‐term outcome of deceased donor renal transplantation in pediatric recipients: A single‐center experience from a developing countryAbstract:  RTx is best treatment for children with ESRD. Data scarcity on DDRTx outcome in children prompted us to review our experience. This study was undertaken to evaluate patient/graft survival, function vis‐a‐vis SCr, rejection episodes, and mortality in DDRTx performed in 37 children between 1998 and 2011. The most common recipient diseases leading to ESRD were congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract (48.6%) and chronic glomerulonephritis (18.9%). Mean recipient age was 13.8 ± 3.1 yr; 67.5% (n = 25) were men. Mean donor age was 38.8 ± 18.6 yr; 48.5% (n = 18) were men. Mean dialysis duration pre‐transplantation was 15.5 ± 3.5 months. All recipients received r‐ATG, and triple immunosuppression. Over a mean follow‐up of 3.93 ± 3.5 yr, patient and graft survival rates were 72.9% (n = 27) and 83.7% (n = 31), respectively, with a mean SCr of 1.1 mg/dL; 21.6% (n = 8) of patients had acute rejection episodes; 24.3% (n = 9) of patients had DGF. A total of 27% (n = 10) patients died, mainly owing to infections (n = 6) and cardiovascular disease (n = 3). DDRTx is a viable option for children and achieves acceptable graft function with patient/graft survival over long‐term follow‐up, encouraging use of this approach.
Isolated unilateral cytomegalovirus retinitis: A rare long‐term complication after pediatric liver transplantation
Authors: Squires James E. , Sisk Robert A. , Balistreri William F. , Kohli Rohit 
Published: June 2012

Squires JE, Sisk RA, Balistreri WF, Kohli R. Isolated unilateral cytomegalovirus retinitis: A rare long‐term complication after pediatric liver transplantation.Abstract:  To highlight the rare yet devastating complication of CMV retinitis in a minimally immunosuppressed patient eight yr after liver transplantation for biliary atresia. A 22‐yr‐old female status‐post deceased donor liver transplant at age 13 secondary to biliary atresia receiving single agent immunosuppression presented with acute, unilateral, profound decrease in visual acuity. The patient was diagnosed to have acute onset unilateral CMV retinitis. Retinal examination uncovered classical appearance of retinal whitening and retinal hemorrhages with extensive macular involvement. CMV retinitis can occur as a late complication following liver transplantation. Additionally, CMV retinal disease can occur in the absence of laboratory evidence of CMV infection and independent of additional clinical features suggesting CMV disease. Currently, there is no standard of care regarding screening for CMV retinitis, and thus, further research is needed to define the need for potential changes in current clinical practices and post‐transplant screening protocols.
Clinical reasoning process underlying choice of teaching strategies: A framework to improve occupational therapists' transfer skill interventions
Authors: Carrier Annie , Levasseur Mélanie , Bédard Denis , Desrosiers Johanne 
Published: June 2012

Background/aimClinical reasoning, a critical skill influenced by education and practice context, determines how occupational therapists teach transfer skills. Teaching strategies affect intervention efficacy. Although knowledge about the way teaching strategies are chosen could help improve interventions, few studies have considered this aspect. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the clinical reasoning process of occupational therapists underlying the choice of strategies to teach older adults transfer skills.MethodsA grounded theory study was carried out with eleven community occupational therapists recruited in six Health and Social Services Centres in Québec, Canada. Data were collected through observations of teaching situations (n = 31), in‐depth semi‐structured interviews (n = 12) and memos, and were analysed using constant comparative methods. Memos were also used to raise codes to conceptual categories, leading to an integrative framework. Rigour was assured by following scientific criteria for qualitative studies.ResultsThe integrative framework includes the clinical reasoning process, consisting of eight stages, and its factors of influence. These factors are internal (experiences and elements of personal context) and external (type of transfer, clients' and their environment's characteristics and practice context).ConclusionsThe clinical reasoning process underlying the choice of strategies to teach transfer skills was conceptualised into an integrative framework. Such a framework supports clinicians' reflective practice, highlights the importance of theory and practice of pedagogy in occupational therapists' education, and encourages consideration and better documentation of the possible influence of practice context on teaching interventions. As such, this integrative framework could improve occupational therapists' transfer skill interventions with older adults.
Prevalence and risk factors for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in Asian people who are not obese
Authors: Liu Chun‐Jen 
Published: June 2012

AbstractFatty liver (hepatic steatosis) is prevalent in industrialized countries. It is typically linked to obesity, central obesity and the presence of metabolic syndrome. With the introduction of a Westernized lifestyle and the increasing frequency of obesity in the Asia‐Pacific region, the prevalence of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been increasing over the past two decades. The risk factors are similar to those in other ethnic populations; but it is important to adopt the regional (ethnic‐specific) anthropometric criteria to define overweight, obesity (including central obesity) and metabolic syndrome. To be noted, even using strict ethnic‐specific criteria, a high percentage (15–21%) of Asia‐Pacific NAFLD subjects in some series have been found to be non‐obese, i.e. to have a normal body mass index (BMI) (17.5–22.4 kg/m2) or to be overweight (BMI 22.5–24.9 kg/m2). Differential distribution of visceral adipose tissue, recent increase in body weight, intake of high cholesterol diet and genetic background are factors likely associated with the development of NAFLD in these non‐obese (but often overweight) Asia‐Pacific subjects. Furthermore, insulin resistance may be the underlying key mechanism. In addition, since NAFLD may be the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, the presence of NAFLD is a predictor of future type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, interventions at the public health level are indicated to halt the trend of overweight as well as obesity in Asia‐Pacific region, particularly among those with relevant family history. Since the pathophysiology of NAFLD is closely related to metabolic derangement, lifestyle modification remains the cornerstone of management.
Prolonged percutaneous SNM testing does not cause infection‐related explanation
Authors: Amend Bastian , Bedke Jens , Khalil Mahmoud , Stenzl Arnulf , Sievert Karl‐Dietrich 
Published: June 2012

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?
Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is an effective treatment option of different pelvic‐related dysfunctions. SNM evaluation by either temporary or permanent electrodes is generally accepted. Extended testing with temporary electrodes has been reported on before but less is known about infection‐related risks during prolonged evaluation with definitive electrodes.
The present findings show that prolonged testing (mean = 52.3 days) with permanent electrodes does not increase infection‐associated explantation rates, although bacterial colonization was found in more than one‐third of the patients. Prolonged SNM evaluation under everyday conditions might improve long‐term success.
Objective
To evaluate the impact of prolonged stage 1 testing on bacterial electrode colonization, infection and treatment success.
Materials and Methods
In all, 21 patients who underwent sacral neuromodulation (SNM) for periods ≥1 month were prospectively evaluated; nine patients had overactive bladder syndrome (OAB), 10 had urinary retention, two had faecal incontinence (FI), and 13 had diabetes and overweight/obesity.
After stage 1 testing electrode extension leads were microbiologically analysed to assess bacterial colonization.
The primary measurements were pre‐ and post‐SNM treatment comparisons based on patient‐agreed criteria using an increased 70% minimum improvement rate; secondary measurements were bacterial colonization and impact of infection.
Results
The mean stage 1 evaluation period was 52.3 days; 16 patients (76%) progressed to stage 2, and five patients were explanted due to inadequate improvement (<70%).
There was bacterial colonization in 42.9% of patients and 38.2% of extension leads.
Stage 2 patients showed no infection or wound‐healing disorders at a mean follow‐up of 33.9 months.
The success rate for stage 2 implantation treatment was 94%.
Conclusions
There are few studies in the literature evaluating SNM testing periods vs the risk of clinically relevant implant infection rates. The present study shows that prolonged testing could potentially enhance treatment efficacy without infection‐related explantations of the chronic implant, despite the identification of bacteria.
SNM‐implanted patients with diabetes mellitus or obesity should be followed closely.
Clinicians might consider using prolonged testing under everyday conditions.
Prolonged SNM stage 1 testing is a very effective minimally invasive treatment option to evaluate pelvic‐related dysfunction.
The end of life and the family: hospice patients’ views on dying as relational
Authors: Broom Alex , Kirby Emma 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe end of life is a highly emotive and critical period in the life course and families often play a central role during this time. Despite significant sociological work on dying as a relational experience, there has been little exploration of the significance of contemporary family structures and relations. In this article, drawing on the accounts of twenty hospice in‐patients, we explore how the end of life (in this case within an in‐patient unit) is mediated by family dynamics and expectations. Participants’ accounts reveal a range of interpersonal experiences, including: pressures and strains on families and patients; differentiation in family responses to and involvement in the dying process; and tensions between individual and family preferences/desires. We argue that family dynamics strongly influence individual experiences near death and that the focus on individual preferences and the management of disease in palliative care contexts must be augmented with sophisticated and nuanced understandings of the family context. We suggest that sociological conceptual explanations of shifts in social and family life, such as individualisation and ontological security, may also help us better understand the ways families approach and respond to the dying process.
A Spatial Poisson Hurdle Model for Exploring Geographic Variation in Emergency Department Visits
Authors: Neelon Brian , Ghosh Pulak , Loebs Patrick F. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryWe develop a spatial Poisson hurdle model to explore geographic variation in emergency department (ED) visits while accounting for zero inflation. The model consists of two components: a Bernoulli component that models the probability of any ED use (i.e. at least one ED visit per year), and a truncated Poisson component that models the number of ED visits given use. Together, these components address both the abundance of 0s and the right-skewed nature of the non-zero counts. The model has a hierarchical structure that incorporates patient and area level covariates, as well as spatially correlated random effects for each areal unit. Because regions with high rates of ED use are likely to have high expected counts among users, we model the spatial random effects via a bivariate conditionally auto-regressive prior, which introduces dependence between the components and provides spatial smoothing and sharing of information across neighbouring regions. Using a simulation study, we show that modelling the between-component correlation reduces bias in parameter estimates. We adopt a Bayesian estimation approach, and the model can be fitted by using standard Bayesian software. We apply the model to a study of patient and neighbourhood factors influencing ED use in Durham County, North Carolina.
Impact of a soy nutrition education programme on knowledge in a low‐income community in Qwa‐Qwa, South Africa
Authors: Oldewage‐Theron Wilna , Egal Abdulkadir A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe objective of this study was to measure the knowledge of the South African food‐based dietary guidelines (FBDG), as well as of soy gardening and uses of soy, before and after a nutrition education training programme (NEP). The methods consisted of the four phases of the Food and Agriculture Organization framework for nutrition education. A structured nutrition education questionnaire (NEQ) consisting of 32 questions was developed. The NEQ was used to collect data both at baseline and at the end of a NEP in 75 purposively selected households. Descriptive statistics (frequencies) and paired t‐tests were done to determine the statistically significant (P < 0.05) differences in knowledge before and after the NEP. At baseline, the results showed a good knowledge of the FBDG as the majority of the respondents (66%) answered the questions correctly. Regarding soy, the knowledge of respondents improved significantly (P < 0.05) from 65.0% correctly answered questions before the NEP to 74.1% after the NEP. It can be concluded that the NEP proved to be successful in teaching the caregivers about soy gardening and soy use in the household. It is recommended that memory retention is measured over a longer period and that soy gardens be implemented to further strengthen sustainability and to address household food insecurity and malnutrition.
Consumers' preferences for private and national brand food products
Authors: Wyma Louise , van der Merwe Daleen , Bosman Magdalena J.C. , Erasmus Alet C. , Strydom Herman , Steyn Faans 
Published: June 2012

AbstractConsumers' choice of private brands reflects distinct differences in terms of product categories, and indications are that demographic and psychographic factors are also influential in terms of the sales of private vs. national brand foods. This study investigated the relationship between selected demographic and psychographic variables and consumers' brand preferences for selected food products in a South African context. A mall intercept, interviewer‐administered questionnaire was used to collect data (n = 620) in an urban area at prominent supermarkets. Findings revealed that consumers' choice of private brands is probably associated with the product category. Although the present study could not expose significant relationships with psychographics for different grocery products, certain demographic factors seem noteworthy. Home language and education level seemed to be more significant indicators of brand preference, which suggests that consumers' ability to interpret label information may be influential. This study concluded that brand preference depends on specific demographics for each product, and that psychographic factors were not significant in terms of product choice. Brand preference research therefore seems to be product and region specific and related to specific demographic variables.