bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing local wind and temperature structure using infrasound from Volcan Villarrica (Chile)
Authors: Johnson J. B. , Anderson J. , Marcillo O. , Arrowsmith S. 
Published: July 2012

We use the continuous and intense (∼107W) infrasound produced by Volcan Villarrica (Chile) to invert for the local dynamic wind and temperature structure of the atmosphere. Infrasound arrays deployed in March 2011 at the summit (2826 m) and on the NNW flank (∼8 km distant at 825 m) were used to track infrasound propagation times and signal power. We model an atmosphere with vertically varying temperature and horizontal winds and use propagation times (ranging from 23 to 24 s) to invert for horizontal slowness (2.75–2.94 s/km) and average effective sound speeds (328–346 m/s) for NNW propagating infrasound. The corresponding ratio of recorded acoustic power at proximal versus distal arrays was also variable (ranging between 0.15 to 1.5 for the peak 0.33–1 Hz infrasound band). Through application of geometrical ray theory in a uniform gradient atmosphere, these ‘amplification factors’ are modeled by effective sound speed lapse rates ranging from −15 to +4 m/s per km. NNW‐projected wind speeds ranging from −20 m/s to +20 m/s at 2826 m and wind gradients ranging from −11 to +10 m/s per km are inferred from the difference between effective sound speed profiles and adiabatic sound speeds derived from local temperature observations. The sense of these winds is in general agreement with regional meteorological observations recorded with radiosondes. We suggest that infrasound probing can provide useful spatially averaged estimates of atmospheric wind structure that has application for both meteorological observation and volcanological plume dispersal modeling.
The deposition ice nucleation and immersion freezing potential of amorphous secondary organic aerosol: Pathways for ice and mixed‐phase cloud formation
Authors: Wang Bingbing , Lambe Andrew T. , Massoli Paola , Onasch Timothy B. , Davidovits Paul , Worsnop Douglas R. , Knopf Daniel A. 
Published: July 2012

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) generated from the oxidation of organic gases are ubiquitous in the atmosphere, but their interaction with water vapor and their ice cloud formation potential at low temperatures remains highly uncertain. We report on onset conditions of water uptake and ice nucleation by amorphous SOA particles generated from the oxidation of naphthalene with OH radicals. Water uptake above 230 K was governed by the oxidation level of the SOA particles expressed as oxygen‐to‐carbon (O/C) ratio, followed by moisture‐induced phase transitions and immersion freezing. For temperatures from 200 to 230 K, SOA particles nucleated ice via deposition mode from supersaturated water vapor independent of O/C ratio at relative humidity with respect to ice (RHice) ∼10–15% below homogeneous ice nucleation limits. The glass transition temperature (Tg) for the amorphous SOA particles was derived as a function of two parameters: (1) relative humidity (RH) with respect to water and (2) oxidation level of the SOA. The data show that particle phase and viscosity govern the particles' response to temperature and RHand provide a straightforward interpretation for the observed different heterogeneous ice nucleation pathways and water uptake by the laboratory‐generated SOA and field‐collected particles. Since SOA particles undergo glass transitions, these observations suggest that atmospheric SOA are potentially important for ice cloud formation and climate.
A Guide for Enhancing Patient and Caregiver Communication
Authors: Vermilya Sally , Stevens Lizbeth Curme 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
We designed a tool to promote communication between an aphasic patient and her caregivers in an inpatient rehabilitation setting. We developed this tool, inspired by the mandatory swallowing guides hospitals post within 24 hours of a patient's admittance, using the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) score sheet relative to receptive and expressive communication abilities. We developed a guide in response to weekly patient staffings that resulted in information not being shared about individuals admitted after the staffing day. The visual display, which we placed adjacent to the patient's bed, fostered improved communication between the patient, caregivers, and family. This tool may be important for professionals in meeting requirements of the new standards for hospitals and skilled nursing facilities by The Joint Commission (The Joint Commission, 2010). We discuss the implications for its use relative to patients in various settings.
AAC Text Messaging
Authors: Williams Michael , Beukelman David , Ullman Cara 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Text messaging is becoming an increasing popular social networking strategy. More than 80% of American adults have cell phones, three-quarters of them send and receive text messages. People who rely on AAC are also finding texting an efficient, asynchronous way to communicate. In this report, Michael Williams discusses his use of texting. We also introduce core vocabulary resources for AAC texting.
A Review of 21 iPad Applications for Augmentative and Alternative Communication Purposes
Authors: Alliano Ashley , Herriger Kimberly , Koutsoftas Anthony D. , Bartolotta Theresa E. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Using the iPad tablet for Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) purposes can facilitate many communicative needs, is cost-effective, and is socially acceptable. Many individuals with communication difficulties can use iPad applications (apps) to augment communication, provide an alternative form of communication, or target receptive and expressive language goals. In this paper, we will review a collection of iPad apps that can be used to address a variety of receptive and expressive communication needs. Based on recommendations from Gosnell, Costello, and Shane (2011), we describe the features of 21 apps that can serve as a reference guide for speech-language pathologists.
We systematically identified 21 apps that use symbols only, symbols and text-to-speech, and text-to-speech only. We provide descriptions of the purpose of each app, along with the following feature descriptions: speech settings, representation, display, feedback features, rate enhancement, access, motor competencies, and cost.
In this review, we describe these apps and how individuals with complex communication needs can use them for a variety of communication purposes and to target a variety of treatment goals. We present information in a user-friendly table format that clinicians can use as a reference guide.
A compact fiber-optic SHG scanning endomicroscope and its application to visualize cervical remodeling during pregnancy
Authors: Zhang Yuying , Akins Meredith L. , Murari Kartikeya , Xi Jiefeng , Li Ming-Jun , Luby-Phelps Katherine , Mahendroo Mala , Li Xingde 
Published: July 2012

We report the development of an all-fiber-optic scanning endomicroscope capable of high-resolution second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging of biological tissues and demonstrate its utility for monitoring the remodeling of cervical collagen during gestation in mice. The endomicroscope has an overall 2.0 mm diameter and consists of a single customized double-clad fiber, a compact rapid two-dimensional beam scanner, and a miniature compound objective lens for excitation beam delivery, scanning, focusing, and efficient SHG signal collection. Endomicroscopic SHG images of murine cervical tissue sections at different stages of normal pregnancy reveal progressive, quantifiable changes in cervical collagen morphology with resolution similar to that of bench-top SHG microscopy. SHG endomicroscopic imaging of ex vivo murine and human cervical tissues through intact epithelium has also been performed. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of SHG endomicroscopy technology for staging normal pregnancy, and suggest its potential application as a minimally invasive tool for clinical assessment of abnormal cervical remodeling associated with preterm birth.
Calculation of thermodynamic hydricities and the design of hydride donors for CO
2
reduction
Authors: Muckerman James T. , Achord Patrick , Creutz Carol , Polyansky Dmitry E. , Fujita Etsuko 
Published: July 2012

We have developed a correlation between experimental and density functional theory-derived results of the hydride-donating power, or “hydricity”, of various ruthenium, rhenium, and organic hydride donors. This approach utilizes the correlation between experimental hydricity values and their corresponding calculated free-energy differences between the hydride donors and their conjugate acceptors in acetonitrile, and leads to an extrapolated value of the absolute free energy of the hydride ion without the necessity to calculate it directly. We then use this correlation to predict, from density functional theory-calculated data, hydricity values of ruthenium and rhenium complexes that incorporate the pbnHH ligand—pbnHH = 1,5-dihydro-2-(2-pyridyl)-benzo[
b
]-1,5-naphthyridine—to model the function of NADPH. These visible light-generated, photocatalytic complexes produced by disproportionation of a protonated-photoreduced dimer of a metal-pbn complex may be valuable for use in reducing CO
2
to fuels such as methanol. The excited-state lifetime of photoexcited [Ru(bpy)
2
(pbnHH)]
2+
is found to be about 70 ns, and this excited state can be reductively quenched by triethylamine or 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane to produce the one-electron-reduced [Ru(bpy)
2
(pbnHH)]
+
species with half-life exceeding 50 μs, thus opening the door to new opportunities for hydride-transfer reactions leading to CO
2
reduction by producing a species with much increased hydricity.
Double electron–electron resonance shows cytochrome P450cam undergoes a conformational change in solution upon binding substrate
Authors: Stoll Stefan , Lee Young-Tae , Zhang Mo , Wilson Richard F. , Britt R. David , Goodin David B. 
Published: July 2012

Although cytochrome P450cam from
Pseudomonas putida
, the archetype for all heme monooxygenases, has long been known to have a closed active site, recent reports show that the enzyme can also be crystallized in at least two clusters of open conformations. This suggests that the enzyme may undergo significant conformational changes during substrate binding and catalytic turnover. However, these conformations were observed in the crystalline state, and information is needed about the conformations that are populated in solution. In this study, double electron–electron resonance experiments were performed to observe substrate-induced changes in distance as measured by the dipolar coupling between spin labels introduced onto the surface of the enzyme on opposite sides of the substrate access channel. The double electron–electron resonance data show a decrease of 0.8 nm in the distance between spin labels placed at S48C and S190C upon binding the substrate camphor. A rotamer distribution model based on the crystal structures adequately describes the observed distance distributions. These results demonstrate conclusively that, in the physiologically relevant solution state, the substrate-free enzyme exists in the open P450cam-O conformation and that camphor binding results in conversion to the closed P450cam-C form. This approach should be useful for investigating many other P450s, including mammalian forms, in which the role of conformational change is of central importance but not well understood.
A nonconstant coefficients differential operator associated to slice monogenic functions
Authors: Colombo Fabrizio , González-Cervantes J. , Sabadini Irene 
Published: July 2012

Slice monogenic functions have had a rapid development in the past few years. One of the main properties of such functions is that they allow the definition of a functional calculus, called

S
S

-functional calculus, for (bounded or unbounded) noncommuting operators. In the literature there exist two different definitions of slice monogenic functions that turn out to be equivalent under suitable conditions on the domains on which they are defined. Both the existing definitions are based on the validity of the Cauchy-Riemann equations in a suitable sense. The aim of this paper is to prove that slice monogenic functions belong to the kernel of the global operator defined by

G
(
x
)
:=

|

x
_

|

2

∂

∂

x
0

+

x
_

∑

j
=
1

n

x
j

∂

∂

x
j

,

G(x):=|\underline {x}|^2\frac {\partial }{\partial x_0} \ + \ \underline {x} \ \sum _{j=1}^n x_j\frac {\partial }{\partial x_j},

where

x
_

\underline {x}

is the 1-vector part of the paravector

x
=

x
0

+

x
_

x=x_0+\underline {x}

and

n
∈

N

n\in \mathbb {N}

. Despite the fact that

G
G

has nonconstant coefficients, we are able to prove that a subclass of functions in the kernel of

G
G

have a Cauchy formula. Moreover, we will study some relations among the three classes of functions and we show that the kernel of the operator

G
G

strictly contains the functions given by the other two definitions.
Unique Drought Resistance Functions of theHighly ABA-InducedClade A Protein Phosphatase 2Cs
Authors: Bhaskara Govinal Badiger , Nguyen Thao Thi , Verslues Paul E. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSix Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) clade A protein phosphatase 2Cs (PP2Cs) have established abscisic acid (ABA) signaling roles; however, phenotypic roles of the remaining three “HAI” PP2Cs, Highly ABA-Induced1 (HAI1), AKT1-Interacting PP2C1/HAI2, and HAI3, have remained unclear. HAI PP2C mutants had enhanced proline and osmoregulatory solute accumulation at low water potential, while mutants of other clade A PP2Cs had no or lesser effect on these drought resistance traits. hai1-2 also had increased expression of abiotic stress-associated genes, including dehydrins and late embryogenesis abundant proteins, but decreased expression of several defense-related genes. Conversely, the HAI PP2Cs had relatively less impact on several ABA sensitivity phenotypes. HAI PP2C single mutants were unaffected in ABA sensitivity, while double and triple mutants were moderately hypersensitive in postgermination ABA response but ABA insensitive in germination. The HAI PP2Cs interacted most strongly with PYL5 and PYL7 to -10 of the PYL/RCAR ABA receptor family, with PYL7 to -10 interactions being relatively little affected by ABA in yeast two-hybrid assays. HAI1 had especially limited PYL interaction. Reduced expression of the main HAI1-interacting PYLs at low water potential when HAI1 expression was strongly induced also suggests limited PYL regulation and a role of HAI1 activity in negatively regulating specific drought resistance phenotypes. Overall, the HAI PP2Cs had greatest effect on ABA-independent low water potential phenotypes and lesser effect on classical ABA sensitivity phenotypes. Both this and their distinct PYL interaction demonstrate a new level of functional differentiation among the clade A PP2Cs and a point of cross talk between ABA-dependent and ABA-independent drought-associated signaling.
Evaluation of the CEL‐100 videolaryngoscopeTM for double‐lumen tracheal tube insertion after failure using the Macintosh laryngoscope
Authors: Lin W. Q. , Quan S. B. , Liu W. J. , Zhang T. H. , Li H. T. , Zhong Z. J. , Cao L. H. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryWe prospectively evaluated the CEL‐100 videolaryngoscopeTM for insertion of double‐lumen tracheal tubes in 48 consecutive patients who had been found to have an unanticipated Cormack and Lehane grade 3 (n = 43) and grade 4 (n = 5) laryngeal view and in whom two attempts at tracheal intubation using the Macintosh laryngoscope had failed. When the CEL‐100 was subsequently employed, the glottic view improved in 45 (94%) patients. The view improved by one grade in 15 (31%) patients and by two grades in 30 (63%) patients, compared with the Macintosh blade (p < 0.001). Double‐lumen tracheal tube insertion was successful when using the CEL‐100 in 43 out of 48 patients (90%; 95% CI 81–98%). This occurred on the first attempt in 27 (56%) patients, 14 (29%) on the second and two (4%) on the third. We conclude that the CEL‐100 videolaryngoscope is an effective device in this context, and we therefore propose that this device can be used in circumstances when double‐lumen tube insertion proves difficult.
Effects of sugammadex and rocuronium mast cell number and degranulation in rat liver
Authors: Tomak Y. , Yılmaz A. , Bostan H. , Tümkaya L. , Altuner D. , Kalkan Y. , Erdivanlı B. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryWe investigated the effect of rocuronium‐ and sugammadex‐induced mast cell increase and degranulation in rat portal triads. Forty‐two rats, in six groups, received either rocuronium 1 mg.kg−1; sugammadex 15 mg.kg−1; sugammadex 100 mg.kg−1; rocuronium 1 mg.kg−1 and 5 min later, sugammadex 15 mg.kg−1; rocuronium 1 mg.kg−1 and 5 min later, sugammadex 100 mg.kg−1; or isotonic saline. Total mast cell numbers were significantly higher with rocuronium only, than in all other groups (p < 0.003), although in all active groups, the number was greater than the control. Total mast cell number was significantly higher with rocuronium and low‐dose sugammadex compared with low‐dose sugammadex only. The number of tryptase‐positive mast cells with rocuronium only was significantly higher than in all other groups (p < 0.003). Tryptase‐positive mast cell numbers in both groups receiving both rocuronium and sugammadex were significantly higher compared with both groups receiving sugammadex only. Rocuronium increased mast cell numbers, and degranulation was mitigated by sugammadex. These results suggest that sugammadex may be beneficial in treatment of rocuronium‐induced anaphylaxis.
Pharmacokinetics of tranexamic acid in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with use of cardiopulmonary bypass*
Authors: Sharma V. , Fan J. , Jerath A. , Pang K. S. , Bojko B. , Pawliszyn J. , Karski J. M. , Yau T. , McCluskey S. , Wąsowicz M. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryWe conducted a study to assess pharmacokinetics of high‐dose tranexamic acid for 24 h after administration of the drug in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. High‐dose tranexamic acid involved a bolus of 30 mg.kg−1 infused over 15 min followed by a 16 mg.kg−1.h−1 infusion until chest closure with a 2 mg.kg−1 load within the pump prime. Tranexamic acid followed first‐order kinetics best described using a two‐compartment model, with a total body clearance that approximated the glomerular filtration rate. Mean plasma tranexamic acid concentrations during the intra‐operative period and in the first 6 postoperative hours were consistently higher than the suggested threshold to achieve 100% inhibition and 80% inhibition of tissue plasminogen activator. With recent studies implicating high‐dose tranexamic acid as a possible aetiology of postoperative seizures following cardiac surgery, the minimum effective yet safe dose of tranexamic acid in high‐risk cardiac surgery needs to be refined.
Simultaneous oral therapeutic and intravenous 14C‐microdoses to determine the absolute oral bioavailability of saxagliptin and dapagliflozin
Authors: Boulton David W. , Kasichayanula Sreeneeranj , Keung Chi Fung (Anther) , Arnold Mark E. , Christopher Lisa J. , Xu Xiaohui (Sophia) , LaCreta Frank 
Published: July 2012

AimTo determine the absolute oral bioavailability (Fp.o.) of saxagliptin and dapagliflozin using simultaneous intravenous 14C‐microdose/therapeutic oral dosing (i.v.micro + oraltherap).MethodsThe Fp.o. values of saxagliptin and dapagliflozin were determined in healthy subjects (n = 7 and 8, respectively) following the concomitant administration of single i.v. micro doses with unlabelled oraltherap doses. Accelerator mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry were used to quantify the labelled and unlabelled drug, respectively.ResultsThe geometric mean point estimates (90% confidence interval) Fp.o. values for saxagliptin and dapagliflozin were 50% (48, 53%) and 78% (73, 83%), respectively. The i.v.micro had similar pharmacokinetics to oraltherap.ConclusionsSimultaneous i.v.micro + oraltherap dosing is a valuable tool to assess human absolute bioavailability.
Awareness and knowledge of developmental co‐ordination disorder among physicians, teachers and parents
Authors: Wilson B. N. , Neil K. , Kamps P. H. , Babcock S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundObtaining a diagnosis of developmental co‐ordination disorder (DCD) is a long, inconsistent and frustrating journey for families, with apparently little awareness of DCD in schools or the medical community.MethodsAn online survey was completed by 1297 participants: parents (n = 501), teachers (n = 202), family/general physicians (n = 339) and paediatricians (n = 255).ResultsOnly 20% of the sample had knowledge of DCD, with 41% of the paediatricians and 23% of family/general physicians familiar. Of participants who have awareness, only 11–59% have knowledge of the impact of DCD on social, emotional and physical health. Less than 30% of physicians have awareness of the secondary consequences. Few physicians diagnose DCD and less than one‐third believe it is easy to make a diagnosis; this is in contrast to the fact that most parents report confidence in their physician's ability to make a timely diagnosis.ConclusionsIf less than one‐half of physicians have knowledge of DCD and even fewer are knowledgeable of the secondary consequences of the condition, it is not surprising that DCD is infrequently diagnosed and that families need to search for support. This survey confirms observations that the condition is not well known and there is a need for greater awareness of DCD.
Responsiveness and validity of the SCORFAD, an extent and severity scale for feline hypersensitivity dermatitis
Authors: Steffan Jean , Olivry Thierry , Forster Sophie L. , Seewald Wolfgang 
Published: July 2012

Background –  Hypersensitivity (allergic) dermatitis (HD) is commonly seen in cats, causing pruritus and various patterns of skin lesions, including at least one of the following: head and neck excoriations, self‐induced alopecia, eosinophilic plaques and miliary dermatitis. Few studies have evaluated the efficacy of therapeutic interventions for feline HD, and although various scales have been considered, none has been formally validated for the assessment of disease severity and its response to therapy.Objective –  To design and validate a novel scale (SCORing Feline Allergic Dermatitis; SCORFAD) to assess the value of different criteria used as outcome measures for the treatment of feline HD and to set minimal thresholds for defining the clinical success of tested interventions.Animals –  One hundred client‐owned cats.Methods –  The SCORFAD scale was designed to include the four most frequently identified lesion types in feline HD (eosinophilic plaque, head and neck excoriations, self‐induced alopecia and miliary dermatitis) across 10 body regions. The extent and severity of each lesion type were graded prior to inclusion and after 3 and 6 weeks in a clinical study to compare the efficacy of two doses of ciclosporin with placebo.Results –  The SCORFAD scale was found to exhibit satisfactory content, construct, criterion and sensitivity to change. The percentage reduction in SCORFAD from baseline was determined to be the most valid assessment of clinical response. Inter‐ and intra‐observer reliability was not assessed.Conclusions and clinical importance –  The SCORFAD scale is proposed for use as a validated tool for the assessment of disease severity and response to therapeutic interventions in clinical trials for feline HD.