bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Color distribution of maxillary primary incisors in Korean children
Authors: Hyun Hong‐Keun , Lee Yong‐Keun , Kim Young‐Jae , Kim Jung‐Wook , Jang Ki‐Taeg , Kim Chong‐Chul , Hahn Se‐Hyun , Lee Sang‐Hoon 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the color distribution of maxillary primary incisors measured with a colorimeter. The subjects were 100 Korean children aged 2–5 with total number of 400 teeth. A spot measurement intraoral colorimeter was used to determine the color of maxillary primary central and lateral incisors at labial central area. The CIE L*, a*, b* value of each tooth and color difference (ΔE) among each other were calculated and analyzed. The range of L*, a*, and b* values, regardless of the type of teeth, was 72.7–84.9, −0.6 to 4.9, and 4.7–15.0, respectively. Mean value (SD) of L*, a*, and b* for maxillary primary incisors was 78.6 (2.3), 1.2 (0.9), and 9.6 (1.8), respectively. Boys showed more red (higher a* value) and less yellow (lower b* value) hue than girls in the central incisors (P < 0.05). Mean color difference (ΔE) (SD) between two values which selected from overall 400 L*, a*, b* values measured (n = 400C2) was 3.9 (1.8) with 95% confidence interval range of 3.86–3.89, and most of them were found to be present around the previously reported clinical acceptability thresholds (ΔE = 2.7–6.8). Because mean intraperson ΔE (SD) was 3.0 (1.6) with 95% confidence interval range of 2.86–3.12, most colors among primary incisors in the same person were presumably difficult to discern by naked eye (ΔE < 3.7). Age influenced L* and b* values significantly, but the correlation coefficients were not high (r = −0.182 for L* of central incisors, P < 0.01; r = 0.188 for b* of central incisors, P < 0.01; and r = 0.143 for b* of lateral incisors, P < 0.05). The present study showed somewhat higher color coordinates than the previous reports which based on primary anterior teeth in other ethnic groups. The results of this study could be used for the color modification of esthetic materials for primary teeth. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Col Res Appl, 2010.
CPPC: a compiler‐assisted tool for portable checkpointing of message‐passing applications
Authors: Rodríguez Gabriel , Martín María J. , González Patricia , Touriño Juan , Doallo Ramón 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWith the evolution of high‐performance computing toward heterogeneous, massively parallel systems, parallel applications have developed new checkpoint and restart necessities. Whether due to a failure in the execution or to a migration of the application processes to different machines, checkpointing tools must be able to operate in heterogeneous environments. However, some of the data manipulated by a parallel application are not truly portable. Examples of these include opaque state (e.g. data structures for communications support) or diversity of interfaces for a single feature (e.g. communications, I/O). Directly manipulating the underlyingad hocrepresentations renders checkpointing tools unable to work on different environments. Portable checkpointers usually work around portability issues at the cost of transparency: the user must provide information such as what data need to be stored, where to store them, or where to checkpoint. CPPC (ComPiler for Portable Checkpointing) is a checkpointing tool designed to feature both portability and transparency. It is made up of a library and a compiler. The CPPC library contains routines for variable level checkpointing, using portable code and protocols. The CPPC compiler helps to achieve transparency by relieving the user from time‐consuming tasks, such as data flow and communications analyses and adding instrumentation code. This paper covers both the operation of the CPPC library and its compiler support. Experimental results using benchmarks and large‐scale real applications are included, demonstrating usability, efficiency, and portability. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrates of Natural Gases and Small Molecules: Structures, Properties, and Exploitation Perspectives
Authors: Barone Guido , Chianese Elena 
Published: November 2009

AbstractStarting from the discovery, in the mid‐1930s, that petroleum pipelines in the colder regions of the Northern hemisphere contained crusts of some crystals, and were often blocked by them, a short history of the development of research on the structures, properties, and possible exploitation of the class of inclusion compounds known as gas hydrates is given. The state of the assessment of the natural reservoirs and their perspectives for exploitation are presented, together with an analysis of the hypotheses on the origins of the hydrates. Finally, the phase diagrams are shown in relation to environmental problems arising from the instability of the hydrate fields due to global warming or geological activity.
Change in Supramolecular Networks through In Situ Esterification of Porphyrins
Authors: Chen Wentong , Fukuzumi Shunichi 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA series of porphyrins, M[TCPP‐Et4] [M = Zn (1), Cu (2), and Ni (3); Et = CH2CH3; TCPP = meso‐tetra(4‐carboxyphenyl)porphyrin], M[TCPP‐Me4] [M = Zn (4), Cu (5), and Co (6); Me = CH3], and two nonmetalated compounds, TCPP‐Et4 (7) and TCPP‐Me4·H2O (8), were synthesized by solvothermal reactions and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Compounds 1–3 feature an isolated structure with a planar macrocycle and an embedded metal‐ion coordinating to four pyrrole nitrogen atoms. Compound 4 is characterized as a two‐dimensional coordination polymer, and the zinc ion coordinates to four nitrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms. Compound 4 possesses a large void space (361 Å3), which corresponds to 14 % of the unit‐cell volume. Compounds 5 and 6 are characteristic of an isolated motif with a four‐coordinate metal ion and a saddle‐distorted nonplanar porphyrin macrocycle. Nonmetalated compounds 7 and 8 also show an isolated structure with a planar macrocycle. For compounds 1–3 and 7, the TCPP is esterified with ethanol, while for compounds 4–6 and 8, the TCPP is esterified with methanol. The molecules in 1 and 6–8 are interconnected by hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions to yield 3D supramolecular networks, while in 2–5, 2D supramolecular motifs are formed. The reaction mechanism was explored. Esterification plays an important role in changing the properties of the compounds as well as in the formation of different structural motifs and supramolecular networks. The UV/Vis, FTIR, fluorescence, phosphorescence, and MALDI‐TOF MS spectra, quantum yields, luminescence lifetimes, and cyclic voltammograms were also studied in detail.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Syntheses and Characterization of Novel trans‐Bis(phosphoranido)platinum(II) Complexes: Reactions of Lithium Bis(naphth‐1,8‐diyl‐8‐oxy)phosphoranide with cis‐PtCl2(PR3)2 (R = OPh, OMe, Me)
Authors: Kajiyama Kazumasa , Sato Issei , Yamashita Satoru , Miyamoto Takeshi K. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe reactions of cis‐PtCl2(PR3)2 (R = OPh, OMe) with 1 equiv. of lithium phosphoranide generated from a bis(naphth‐1,8‐diyl‐8‐oxy)phosphorane lead to the formation of cis‐monophosphoranido complexes with high stereospecificity. The reaction of cis‐PtCl2(PMe3)2 with 1 equiv. of the lithium phosphoranide afforded a trans‐monophosphoranido complex, exclusively. Hitherto unknown trans‐bis(phosphoranido)platinum(II) complexes were obtained as major products in the reactions of cis‐PtCl2(PR3)2 (R = OPh, OMe, Me) with an excess of the lithium phosphoranide. The stereochemistry was confirmed by X‐ray structural analysis of the bis(phosphoranido) complex bearing triphenyl phosphites. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Sensitivity of Positive Ion Mode Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry in the Analysis of Thiol Metabolites
Authors: Mautjana Nare Alpheus , Looi Donq Wen , Eyler John R. , Brajter‐Toth Anna 
Published: November 2009

AbstractHigh signal intensities of glutathione (GSH), [GSH+H]+ (m/z 308), cysteine (CySH), [CySH+H]+ (m/z 122), and homocysteine (hCySH), [hCySH+H]+ (m/z 136), are observed in ESI MS with on‐line electrochemistry (EC). Dimers formed by H‐bonding, which are not electrochemical products, are detected as [2GSH+H]+ (m/z 615), [2CySH+H]+ (m/z 243) and [2hCySH+H]+ (m/z 271) together with disulfide dimers GSSG, CySSCy and hCySSCyh, [GSSG+H]+ (m/z 613), [CySSCy+H]+ (m/z 241) and [hCySSCyh+H]+ (m/z 269). When dopamine is present a thiol/dopamine quinone (DAQ) adduct is observed. Formation of this adduct is proposed to occur by an electrochemical mechanism during ESI. Catalysis of thiol oxidation and analysis of thiol mixtures is addressed.
Flow‐Injection Amperometric Method for Indirect Determination of Dopamine in the Presence of a Large Excess of Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Gimenes Denise Tofanello , dos Santos Wallans Torres Pio , Tormin Thiago Faria , Munoz Rodrigo Alejandro Abarza , Richter Eduardo Mathias 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA simple flow injection amperometric system for fast and indirect quantification of dopamine (DA) in the presence of a large excess of ascorbic acid (AA) is reported. The method consists of the application of three sequential potential pulses to an unmodified glassy carbon‐working electrode positioned in a wall‐jet cell. DA is indirectly detected at +0.35 V through the reduction of the oxidation product (o‐dopaminoquinone) electrochemically generated at +0.80 V. The third potential pulse (0.00 V) is applied for the regeneration (cleaning) of the unmodified working electrode. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were calculated as 50 and 170 nmol L−1, respectively. Considering the LOQ value, the present methodology allows DA quantification in the presence up to 5000‐fold more of AA (1.0 mmol L−1).
MicroRNA‐34a is an important component of PRIMA‐1‐induced apoptotic network in human lung cancer cells
Authors: Duan Wenrui , Gao Li , Wu Xin , Wang Li , Nana‐Sinkam Serge P. , Otterson Gregory A. , Villalona‐Calero Miguel A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRestoration of p53 function in tumor cells would be an attractive strategy for lung cancer therapy because p53 mutations are found in more than 50% of lung cancers. The small molecule PRIMA‐1 has been shown to restore the tumor suppression function of p53 and to induce apoptosis in human tumor cells. The mechanism of apoptosis induced by PRIMA‐1 remains unclear. We investigated the effects of PRIMA‐1 in apoptosis with Western immunoblot analysis, TaqMan microRNA real‐time PCR, cell viability analysis and flow cytometry using human lung cancer cell lines containing mutant (H211 and H1155), wild‐type (A549) or null (H1299) p53. PRIMA‐1 induced massive apoptosis in the H211 and H1155 cells, but was less toxic to the A549 and H1299 cells. Western immunoblot analysis showed cleavage of PARP in H211 and H1155 cells but not in A549 and H1299 cells following treatment with PRIMA‐1. In addition, p53 protein was also phosphorylated in H211 and H1155 cells. TaqMan microRNA assay showed that the expression of microRNA‐34a was increased in the H211 and H1155 cells posttreatment. Knockdown microRNA‐34a decreased the rate of apoptosis caused by PRIMA‐1. The above results suggest that microRNA‐34a is one of the important components of PRIMA‐1‐induced apoptotic network in the cancer cells harboring mutant p53.
In vitro colonization of an experimental silicone by Candida albicans
Authors: Rodger Gillian , Taylor Rebecca L. , Pearson Gavin J. , Verran Joanna 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDenture soft‐lining materials are exposed to the oral cavity for long periods and are in continuous contact with saliva, subject to inhibition of liquid molecules, and susceptible to colonization by microorganisms. The opportunist yeast Candida albicans is of particular concern in this context, being associated with denture plaque and denture‐related stomatitis. In this study, penetration of C. albicans into an experimental silicone elastomer soft‐lining material was investigated under batch and continuous culture conditions. A model “denture plaque“ microcosm was also used. Increasing the filler concentration within the elastomer decreased penetration under both batch and continuous culture conditions. In continuous culture, C. albicans penetration was significantly greater in pure culture than in the presence of bacteria after 72‐h incubation (p < 0.05). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
Impact of lymph‐node metastasis site in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer
Authors: Kunisaki Chikara , Makino Hirochika , Kimura Jun , Oshima Takashi , Fujii Shoichi , Takagawa Ryo , Kosaka Takashi , Ono Hidetaka A. , Akiyama Hirotoshi 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWe retrospectively compared surgical outcomes between patients with intra‐thoracic and extra‐thoracic (cervical and abdominal) lymph‐node metastasis.MethodsThe study population comprised 96 patients with lymph‐node metastasis who had undergone curative esophagectomy for thoracic esophageal cancer. The patients were grouped according to whether the site of lymph‐node metastasis was intra‐thoracic, extra‐thoracic, or both intra‐thoracic and extra‐thoracic. The patient characteristics, survival time, and prognostic factors were compared.ResultsThe most significant difference in disease‐specific survival was detected at a threshold value of four metastatic lymph nodes. Lymph‐node metastasis was observed at intra‐thoracic sites in 41 patients, at extra‐thoracic sites in 20 patients, and at both intra‐thoracic and extra‐thoracic sites in 35 patients. Intra‐thoracic lymph‐node metastasis was frequently observed in patients with middle and upper thoracic esophageal cancer. There was no difference in the number of metastatic lymph nodes between patients with intra‐thoracic and extra‐thoracic lymph‐node metastasis. Multivariate analysis revealed that the number of metastatic lymph nodes was an independent prognostic factor, whereas the site of metastatic lymph nodes was not.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the surgical outcomes in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer depend on the number, but not the site, of metastatic lymph nodes after curative esophagectomy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;101:36–42. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differentiation and identification of white wine varieties by using electropherogram fingerprints obtained with CE
Authors: Garrido‐Delgado Rocio , López‐Vidal Silvia , Arce Lourdes , Valcárcel Miguel 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis article reports a method for determining organic acids by CE in order to obtain a characteristic fingerprint with a view to classifying white wine samples with the aid of multivariate statistics. The proposed method was optimized for the determination of the most abundant organic acids in wine (viz. succinic, malic, tartaric, citric, acetic and lactic). The acids were separated in a running buffer consisting of 180 mM disodium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5 mM CTAB and 10% methanol, adjusted to pH 7.5. The applied voltage was 10 kV and the working temperature 25°C. The precision of the method was assessed by replicate analysis of a wine sample; the resulting RSD was less than 5.2% in peak area and less than 1% in migration time for all organic acids. Calibration curves exhibited good linearity throughout the studied concentration range for all acids. Principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis allowed accurate classification of wine samples with variable alcohol contents from their electrophoretic fingerprints. The discriminant potential of various electropherogram regions was examined. Based on the results, the proposed method is an effective choice for classifying wine samples.
Modelling the relation between the species retention factor and the C‐term band broadening in pressure‐driven and electrically driven flows through perfectly ordered 2‐D chromatographic media
Authors: De Wilde Daan , Detobel Frederik , Billen Jeroen , Deconinck Johan , Desmet Gert 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe band broadening that can be expected in perfectly ordered cylindrical pillar arrays has been calculated for a wide range of intra‐particle diffusion coefficients (Dsz) and zone retention factors (0<k″<10) using an in‐house‐developed computational fluid dynamics‐algorithm. Both pressure‐driven and electrically driven (PD and ED) flows are considered. In the case of a large intra‐pillar diffusion coefficient (Dsz/Dmol=0.5), the minimal reduced plate height varies between h=0.8 (low k″) and h=1.2 (high k″), while the C‐term range of the Van Deemter curve depends only slightly on k″. In the case of a small intra‐pillar diffusion coefficient (Dsz/Dmol=0.1), h is nearly independent of k″ and approximately equals hmin=1.1, while the C‐term band broadening decreases strongly with increasing k″. The difference between ED and PD flows in perfectly ordered porous pillar arrays is much smaller than in packed beds, generally only 3% difference around the minimum of the plate–height curve and maximally 10% at high‐reduced velocities. The generated data sets were also ideal to verify the accuracy of k″ and Dsz dependency of the general plate height model of chromatography. Determining the values of the geometrical parameters appearing in the model through curve fitting, the average fitting error can be reduced to a value of about 1%.
Aggregation Behavior of Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) Semitelechelics with a Perfluoroalkyl Segment in Watera
Authors: Li Zheng , Kyeremateng Samuel Oppong , Fuchise Keita , Kakuchi Ryohei , Sakai Ryosuke , Kakuchi Toyoji , Kressler Jörg 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTwo hydrophobically modified PNIPAM semitelechelics PxF9 were prepared by “clicking” PNIPAM containing an azide endgroup (PxN3) with nonadecafluoro‐1‐decyl hex‐5‐ynoate (F9). Micelles of PxF9 in water with a core of F9‐segments and a PNIPAM corona were detected by dynamic light scattering and by 1H and 19F NMR spectroscopy below the LCST. Just below the LCST, the PNIPAM chains start to collapse onto the F9 core followed by aggregation of several collapsed micelles to large particles in the range of ≈110 nm. The F9 segments shifted the LCST to lower temperatures when comparing PxN3 with PxF9. The existence of micelles in PxF9 solutions also improved the reversibility of the LCST behavior as measured by DSC.magnified image
Negatively Birefringent Polymer Films
Authors: Rizzo Paola , Albunia Alexandra R. , Guerra Gaetano 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPolymer films exhibiting large negative birefringence, suitable for compensating residual positive birefringence of liquid crystal displays, have been achieved for syndiotactic polystyrene. Procedures involving axial stretching at different draw ratios of unoriented films, followed by different crystallization routes, have been compared. The control of the polymer polymorphic behavior, i.e., of the formation of crystalline and co‐crystalline (with low‐molecular‐mass guest molecules) phases, allows to control the negative birefringence up to Δn = n⟂ − n|| = 0.17.magnified image
Preparation of Micron‐Sized Spherulitic Bisphenol A Polycarbonate Particles in Thin Films
Authors: Ye Yuesheng , Choi Kyu Yong 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA facile technique is presented to prepare discrete µm‐sized spherulitic particles of BAPC in thin polymer films. Unlike in bulk precipitation or spray crystallization, the present technique offers a method to prepare three‐dimensional semicrystalline particles of narrow particle size distribution that can be readily isolated and collected from the glass substrate as discrete particles. We report the effects of polymer molecular weight, polymer type, and the precursor polymer film thickness on the formation of spherulitic particles and their morphologies. The three‐dimensional spherulitic particles prepared in this study have large specific surface areas, higher crystallinity and melting temperature than the bulk precipitated and crystallized polycarbonate particles.magnified image
DNA methylation in early development
Authors: Geiman Theresa M. , Muegge Kathrin 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDevelopment from separate parental germ cells through fertilization and proceeding to a fully functioning adult animal occurs through an intricate program of transcriptional and chromatin changes. Epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation are an important part of this process. This review looks at the role of DNA methylation in early embryonic development, as well as how this epigenetic mark affects stem cell differentiation and tissue‐specific gene expression in somatic cells. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 77: 105–113, 2010. Published 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Possible rheumatoid arthritis found in the human skeleton collected from the tomb of Joseon Dynasty, Korea, dating back to the 1700s AD
Authors: Kim D. K. , Lee I. S. , Kim W‐L. , Lee J. S. , Koh B. J. , Kim M. J. , Youn M. Y. , Shin M. H. , Kim Y‐S. , Lee S‐S. , Oh C. S. , Shin D. H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe report a possible rheumatoid arthritis (RA) case found in a Korean Joseon Dynasty (1392–1910) tomb encapsulated by a lime‐soil mixture barrier (LSMB). The tomb is thought to have been constructed during the 1700s AD (1760 AD by carbon dating). In our anthropological examination, joint destruction, erosion or fusion (signs of polyarthritis) were identified mainly in the peripheral skeleton. Especially in both sides of the wrist bones, severe destruction/joint fusion possibly caused by polyarthritis was observed. A similar polyarthritis pattern also was seen in the right foot bones, even though we failed to confirm this symmetry due to the missing left foot bones. Despite these findings, signs suggestive of polyarthritis are very rarely seen in axial bones, even though bony fusions are found in the atlanto‐occipital joint or thoracic vertebrae (TV) 9–10.By the osteological signs observed in this case, the individual, a female, might have been suffering from a very late stage of RA and died in her 40s, even though other forms of chronic arthritis could not be ruled out completely. Though the current case could not provide evidence to decisively settle the debates on the antiquity of RA, our report could be a stepping stone for forthcoming studies on RA cases found in East Asian countries. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The prevention science of reading research within a Response‐to‐Intervention model
Authors: Lembke Erica S. , McMaster Kristen L. , Stecker Pamela M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to describe research‐based reading intervention within a Response‐to‐Intervention (RTI) model, using prevention science as a context. First, RTI is defined and a rationale is provided for its use in improving the reading performance of all students, particularly those students identified as at risk for reading‐related learning disabilities. Next, reading risk is defined and discussed, including prevalence, antecedents, and how risk is assessed through universal screening and progress monitoring. Existing literature on the use of RTI models in reading is summarized, including small‐ and large‐scale implementation studies. Finally, future research directions in the area of reading within an RTI model are discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.