bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Abusive Injuries in Siblings and Household Contacts of Physically Abused Children
Authors: Lindberg Daniel M. , Shapiro Robert A. , Laskey Antoinette L. , Pallin Daniel J. , Blood Emily A. , Berger Rachel P. ,   for the ExSTRA Investigators
Published: July 2012

OBJECTIVE:
Siblings and other children who share a home with a physically abused child are thought to be at high risk for abuse, but rates of injury in these contact children are unknown and screening of contacts is highly variable. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of abusive injuries identified by a common screening protocol among contacts of physically abused children.

METHODS:
This is an observational, multicenter cross-sectional study of children evaluated for physical abuse, and their contacts, by 20 US child abuse teams who used a common screening protocol for the contacts of physically abused children with serious injuries. Contacts underwent physical examination if they were &lt;5 years old, physical examination and skeletal survey (SS) if they were &lt;24 months old, and physical examination, SS, and neuroimaging if they were &lt;6 months old.

RESULTS:
Protocol-indicated SS identified at least 1 abusive fracture in 16 of 134 contacts (11.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.5–18.5) &lt;24 months of age. None of these fractures had associated findings on physical examination. No injuries were identified by neuroimaging in 19 of 25 eligible contacts (0.0%, 95% CI 0.0–13.7). Twins were at substantially increased risk of fracture relative to nontwin contacts (odds ratio 20.1, 95% CI 5.8–69.9).

CONCLUSIONS:
SS should be obtained in the contacts of injured, abused children for contacts who are &lt;24 months old, regardless of physical examination findings. Twins are at higher risk of abusive fractures relative to nontwin contacts.
Channeling in helium ion microscopy: Mapping of crystal orientation
Authors: Veligura Vasilisa , Hlawacek Gregor , van Gastel Raoul , Zandvliet Harold J W , Poelsema Bene 
Published: July 2012

Background: The unique surface sensitivity and the high resolution that can be achieved with helium ion microscopy make it a competitive technique for modern materials characterization. As in other techniques that make use of a charged particle beam, channeling through the crystal structure of the bulk of the material can occur.Results: Here, we demonstrate how this bulk phenomenon affects secondary electron images that predominantly contain surface information. In addition, we will show how it can be used to obtain crystallographic information. We will discuss the origin of channeling contrast in secondary electron images, illustrate this with experiments, and develop a simple geometric model to predict channeling maxima.Conclusion: Channeling plays an important role in helium ion microscopy and has to be taken into account when trying to achieve maximum image quality in backscattered helium images as well as secondary electron images. Secondary electron images can be used to extract crystallographic information from bulk samples as well as from thin surface layers, in a straightforward manner.
Expertise, politiques publiques et économie créative : le cas britannique
Authors: Schlesinger Philip , Junqua Frédéric 
Published: July 2012

Résumé Cet article analyse le rôle des experts dans le débat public sur les politiques de soutien aux industries créatives au Royaume Uni. La première section offre un panorama de l’émergence de cette expertise gouvernementale et du développement des think tanks , dans le contexte plus large d’une sociologie des intellectuels. Elle analyse le développement d’une expertise propre au New Labour qui s’opposait au conservatisme thatchérien dans la lutte pour le contrôle de l’ordre du jour des politiques publiques. La deuxième section illustre la croissance de la « génération politique » du New Labour et l’essor d’un groupe d’experts dans le champ des médias, de la communication et de la culture, et analyse les différentes trajectoires qui ont mené ces experts jusqu’au gouvernement. La dernière section, basée sur des entretiens, met en lumière les jeux de pouvoir qui se cachent derrière l’élaboration des politiques du New Labour en direction des industries créatives. Elle prend en considération l’impact des changements ministériels sur le processus politique, illustre la façon dont les rivalités entre administrations augmentent la complexité du processus, et montre comment une expertise liée au service public peut être mobilisée pour neutraliser une expertise extérieure. La conclusion passe en revue les implications de cette analyse.
Dropping behaviour in Aulacorthum solani (Hemiptera: Aphididae) following attack by Aphidus ervi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): are sticky stem bands a useful integrated pest management method?
Authors: Gillespie David R. , Acheampong Susanna 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe studied the dropping behaviour of the foxglove aphid, Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), in response to disturbance by the parasitoid Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). We banded plant stems with sticky tape to prevent aphids from returning to the plants to determine if these would serve as an integrated pest management strategy for A. solani. Stem banding prevented A. solani that had dropped from returning to the plant; but the mortality associated with banding was not necessarily complementary to biological control by A. ervi. Up to 80% of aphids dropped in response to foraging by A. ervi, and thus could be killed on sticky stem bands. The fraction of aphids that dropped to the ground also contained as much as 90% of the parasitoid's offspring. Overall, mortality of aphids on sticky stem bands was not compatible with parasitoids. Although numbers of aphids declined more rapidly in the first 2 weeks of the trial in the presence of stem bands and parasitoids than in the presence of parasitoids alone, the numbers of aphids were identical in the two treatments from the 3rd week onward. Mortality on the stem bands replaced mortality from parasitoids, and reduced recruitment of parasitoids.
Solitary cerebellous metastasis after prolonged remission in a case of uterine cervical adenocarcinoma
Authors: Dadlani Ravi , Ghosal Nandita , Hegde Alangar Sathya 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTIntracranial metastasis of a uterine cervical carcinoma is a very rare occurrence. These metastases are characteristically multiple, supra-tentorial, associated with multiple systemic dissemination, usually occur relatively late in the course of the disease, and are most often seen in squamous carcinomas. We present an unusual case which defied these characteristics. This patient was in long-term remission (11 years), presented with a solitary cerebellous metastases, had no evidence of other systemic spread, and the pathology was an adenocarcinoma. We present this rare case with interesting clinical ramifications. This is probably the longest duration of remission prior to the metastasis in the published literature.
Idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis presenting with a superficial soft tissue mass
Authors: Keshavaraj Ajantha , Gamage Ranjanie , Jayaweera G M , Gooneratne Inuka Kishara 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTIdiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis (IHP) is a chronic progressive diffuse inflammatory fibrosis of the duramater, leading to its diffuse enlargement. The following describes a case of IHP presenting with a superficial soft tissue mass. A 40-year-old female came to hospital with a subcutaneous lump over the left face and frontal headache for 6 months. An excision biopsy revealed chronic inflammation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed left mastoiditis and early dural inflammation of the left temporal region. A few months later, she developed diplopia, complex partial seizures, and retrobulbar neuritis of the left optic nerve. Repeat MRI brain demonstrated meningeal thickening on both sides of the tentorium cerebelli extending to the left tempero-parietal meninges. The meningeal biopsy revealed markedly thickened fibro-connective dural tissue with infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells. There was no evidence of bacterial, fungal, tuberculous or neoplastic infiltration. IHP was diagnosed and steroid therapy initiated. Within weeks, she showed marked clinical improvement. IHP is a diagnosis of exclusion. The absence of underlying infective, neoplastic, or systemic autoimmune disease favors IHP. The above patient had headache, neuro-ophthalmic signs, seizures, which are features of IHP. However, superficial soft tissue involvement is rare.
Biomarkers of Disease and Treatment in Murine and Cynomolgus Models of Chronic Asthma
Authors: Louten Jennifer , Mattson Jeanine D. , Malinao Maria-Christina , Li Ying , Emson Claire , Vega Felix , Wardle Robert L. , Van Scott Michael R. , Fick Robert B. , McClanahan Terrill K. , De Waal Malefyt Rene , Beaumont Maribel 
Published: July 2012

Background Biomarkers facilitate early detection of disease and measurement of therapeutic efficacy, both at clinical and experimental levels. Recent advances in analytics and disease models allow comprehensive screening for biomarkers in complex diseases, such as asthma, that was previously not feasible. Objective Using murine and nonhuman primate (NHP) models of asthma, identify biomarkers associated with early and chronic stages of asthma and responses to steroid treatment. Methods The total protein content from thymic stromal lymphopoietin transgenic (TSLP Tg) mouse BAL fluid was ascertained by shotgun proteomics analysis. A subset of these potential markers was further analyzed in BAL fluid, BAL cell mRNA, and lung tissue mRNA during the stages of asthma and following corticosteroid treatment. Validation was conducted in murine and NHP models of allergic asthma. Results Over 40 proteins were increased in the BAL fluid of TSLP Tg mice that were also detected by qRT-PCR in lung tissue and BAL cells, as well as in OVA-sensitive mice and house dust mite-sensitive NHP. Previously undescribed as asthma biomarkers, KLK1, Reg3γ, ITLN2, and LTF were modulated in asthmatic mice, and Clca3, Chi3l4 (YM2), and Ear11 were the first lung biomarkers to increase during disease and the last biomarkers to decline in response to therapy. In contrast, GP-39, LCN2, sICAM-1, YM1, Epx, Mmp12, and Klk1 were good indicators of early therapeutic intervention. In NHP, AMCase, sICAM-1, CLCA1, and GP-39 were reduced upon treatment with corticosteroids. Conclusions and clinical relevance These results significantly advance our understanding of the biomarkers present in various tissue compartments in animal models of asthma, including those induced early during asthma and modulated with therapeutic intervention, and show that BAL cells (or their surrogate, induced sputum cells) are a viable choice for biomarker examination.
Spontaneous CSF Leaks and Meningoencephaloceles: Endoscopic Repair and Possible Etiology
Authors: Lopatin Andrey S , Kapitanov Dmitry N , Potapov Alexander A 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess the outcomes of endonasal endoscopic repair of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea and to analyze its possible etiological factors.PatientsDuring the period between January 1999 and November 2011, 173 patients who presented with spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea underwent endonasal endoscopic surgery. Preoperative examination included CT scans, nasal endoscopy, measurement of glucose concentration in the nasal discharge and, in some cases, cisternographic evaluation via CT or MRI. CSF fistula closure was performed using endonasal endoscopic technique under general anesthesia. In all, 186 surgeries (173 primary attempts and 13 revisions) were carried out over the 12-year period. A combination of different plastic materials, i.e. nasal septum cartilage, facia lata, abdominal fat, rotating middle turbinate flaps, and fibrin glue was used for fistula repair.ResultsAt the time of the surgery, sites of the CSF fistula were determined as follows: Cribriform plate—70, fovea ethmoidalis—55, sphenoid sinus—45, frontal sinus—3. Extremely pneumatized lateral extension of the sphenoid sinus was found in 26 patients, and a meningo/encephalocele protruding through the bony defect was the source of the leak in 23 of them. In terms of up to 11 years, 165 patients were treated successfully after first attempt and five more recovered after revision endoscopic surgery. Success rate after the first surgery was 95.4%, overall success rate—97.7%. There were no postoperative complications.ConclusionPossible etiological factors of this disease include obesity, innate skull base malformations, overpneumatized sphenoid sinus, particularly presence of its lateral extensions and the empty sella syndrome. Endoscopic endonasal repair of spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea appears to be a safe and successful procedure. However, technique of endoscopic closure of CSF fistulas in the lateral part of the sphenoid sinus needs further perfection.
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: Changing Trends
Authors: Lal Vivek , Kalsotra Gopika , Saini Vikas 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTIdiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disorder of raised ICP without any obvious underlying brain pathology. Early intervention remains the key to success. The patients with BIH and vision threatening papilloedema should be taken up for optic nerve fenestration and the results are favorable in terms of visual outcome. The procedure is safe with few intraoperative or postoperative complications.
Overcoming Challenges in the Endoscopic Management of Sinonasal Tumors
Authors: Kurup Balagopal 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe complex anatomical relationships of the sinonasal compartment with the surrounding vital structures make it vulnerable, yet simultaneously surgically accessible. Sinonasal tumors, especially those extending beyond, toward the anterior skull base and orbit have always posed a challenge, as far as theiren bloc, and when applicable, oncologically safe removal is concerned. Traditionally, numerous external approaches have been employed for their successful removal. With advancements in endoscopic sinus surgical techniques and instrumentation, a majority of these tumors can be removed via purely transnasal endoscopic, and sometimes endoscopicassisted procedures.Materials and methodsA series of 61 sinonasal tumors have been managed by endoscopic or endoscopic-assisted procedures over the last 6 years. The principles of their management and the challenges posed have been highlighted. Methods to tackle the same, backed by evidence from numerous international studies have been applied to these, and the outcome discussed.ConclusionEndoscopic and endoscopic-assisted procedures are proving to be an effective alternative to the traditional external approaches for the management of sinonasal malignancies with comparable results. However, a long-term meta-analysis is imperative to corroborate these results.
Expanded Endonasal Approaches to the Anterior Skull Base
Authors: Kasemsiri Pornthep , Old Matthew , Filho Leo FS Ditzel , Lara Danielle de , Prevedello Daniel M , Otto Bradley A , Kassam Amin B , Carrau Ricardo L 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTRecent technological advances and growing cooperation between otorhinolaryngologists and neurosurgeons, coupled with an increasing knowledge of the anatomy of the ventral skull base, have led to the development of a series of surgical approaches to this region. Utilizing the nasal corridor, these expanded endonasal approaches (EEAs) benefit from the increased luminosity and definition provided by the endoscope to navigate through this corridor and reach a multitude o pathologies, both neoplastic and degenerative in nature. One of their common uses is to address tumors that arise from or invade the anterior cranial fossa; these lesions may include olfactory groove meningiomas, esthesioneuroblastomas and sinonasal malignancies. In order to safely resect these tumors through EEAs the surgical team must adhere to a series of steps, while planning the procedure as well as carrying it out. In this review article, the authors present these steps and describe the main patient selection criteria and complication avoidance strategies related to expanded endonasal approaches to the anterior skull base.
Quantification of Patellar Tendon Shortening in a Patient with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Galli Manuela , Cimolin Veronica , Vimercati Sara , Albertini Giorgio , Brunner Reinald 
Published: July 2012

Purpose In the last few years the use of patellar tendon shortening procedure appears to give good results for the treatment of crouch gait in Cerebral Palsy (CP) patients. It offers a secondary approach in cases where conventional hamstrings lengthening failed. The evidence for the effectiveness of knee extensor shortening is poor and only one study quantitatively assessed the effects of this technique performed in addition to other procedures in CP patients. In this case study we used Gait Analysis (GA) to quantify the effects of patellar tendon shortening for the management of crouch gait persisting after hamstring lengthening. Methods Crouch persisted seven years after a first multilevel procedure including hamstring lengthening in a 15-year old male. Gait was assessed over time (before and from six to 18 months after knee extensor shortening) with Gait Analysis (GA). Results Before treatment the patient walked slowly and with a high duration stance phase; sagittal kinematics revealed excessive hip and knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion during the whole gait cycle. After surgery, data showed progressive significant improvements at all lower limb levels during the follow-ups considered; gait became more physiologic and lower limb joint kinematics improved overall. Conclusions The results demonstrated that addressing the other side and shortening the antagonists may be a valuable option to treat crouch gait in patients with CP especially if this persists after hamstring and knee extension surgery.
The Efficacy of Bioceramics for the Closure of Burr-Holes in Craniotomy: Case Studies on 14 Patients
Authors: Izci Yusuf , Seçer Halil Ibrahim , Ilica Ahmet Turan , Karaçalioğlu Ozgur , Onguru Onder , Timuçin Muharrem , Korkusuz Feza 
Published: July 2012

Purpose Bioceramics are currently in use to cover bone defects in orthopedics and craniofacial surgery. But their compatibility and efficacy in cranium were not investigated in detail. The aims of this study were to produce, characterize, and assess the biocompatibility and osteointegration of Si-HA, Si-Sr-HA, HA-Wollastonite, and HA-Wollastonite-Frit bioceramics. Methods Bioceramics were implanted into the burr holes of 14 craniotomy patients who were followed up from three to 24 months. Radiologic and scintigraphic examinations were performed. Results Osteoblastic activity quantified by scintigraphy increased from 6.865 to 22.991±1.682 from four to eight months in the HA-Woll group. Adding fritt into HA-Woll decreased osteoblastic activity at 10 months. Si-Sr-HA displayed significantly higher osteoblastic activity when compared to the craniotomy site at 12 months. The scintigraphic ratio of the bioceramic implanted regions to the craniotomy sites varied between 1.10 and 1.57. Osteoblast formation and establishment of the trabecular pattern of bone was observed in the surroundings of bioceramics in two patients. Conclusion These bioceramics can be safely used to cover the burr holes of craniotomy patients, as well as to close the cranial bone defects.
Hydrophilic Gelatin and Hyaluronic Acid-Treated PLGA Scaffolds for Cartilage Tissue Engineering
Authors: Chang Nai-Jen , Jhung Yi-Ru , Yao Chih-Kai , Yeh Ming-Long 
Published: July 2012

Tissue engineering provides a new strategy for repairing damaged cartilage. Surface and mechanical properties of scaffolds play important roles in inducing cell growth. Aim The aim of this study was to fabricate and characterize PLGA and gelatin/hyaluronic acid-treated PLGA (PLGA-GH) sponge scaffolds for articular cartilage tissue engineering. Methods The PLGA-GH scaffolds were cross-linked with gelatin and hyaluronic acid. Primary chondrocytes isolated from porcine articular cartilages were used to assess cell compatibility. The characteristic PLGA-GH scaffold was higher in water uptake ratio and degradation rate within 42 days than the PLGA scaffold. Results The mean compressive moduli of PLGA and PLGA-GH scaffolds were 1.72±0.50 MPa and 1.86±0.90 MPa, respectively. The cell attachment ratio, proliferation, and extracellular matrix secretion on PLGA-GH scaffolds are superior to those of PLGA scaffolds. Conclusions In our study, PLGA-GH scaffolds exhibited improvements in cell biocompatibility, cell proliferation, extracellular matrix synthesis, and appropriate mechanical and structural properties for potential engineering cartilage applications.
Influence of Albumin on Mineralization of PMMA-Based/Glass Composites
Authors: Leite Ferreira Bárbara J.M. , Duarte Maria Gabriela G.M. , Gil Maria Helena , Fernandes Maria Helena V. , Correia Rui Nunes 
Published: July 2012

Purpose The formation of a calcium phosphate layer on the surface of bone tissue engineering biomaterials is crucial for their integration in bone. Simulated biological fluids used to study the in vitro formation of those layers do not usually contain important organic components present in vivo–-notably proteins. In this work the influence of bovine serum albumin on the mineralization process of poly(methylmethacrylate)-based composite was studied in vitro. Methods The effect of protein on calcium phosphate formation was followed by ion concentration analyses (ICP), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy coupled with x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Results and Conclusions The results showed the precipitation of a calcium phosphate layer on the surface of composites immersed in SBF and SBFA. Further transformation and crystallization of this layer, initially amorphous, appears to be influenced by the presence of albumin.
Cuttlefish Bone Scaffold for Tissue Engineering: A Novel Hydrothermal Transformation, Chemical-Physical, and Biological Characterization
Authors: Battistella Elisa , Mele Silvia , Foltran Ismaela , Lesci Isidoro Giorgio , Roveri Norberto , Sabatino Piera , Rimondini Lia 
Published: July 2012

Purpose Natural resources are receiving growing interest because of their possible conversion from a cheap and easily available material into a biomedical product. Cuttlefish bone from Sepia Officinalis was investigated in order to obtain an hydroxyapatite porous scaffold using hydrothermal transformation. Methods Complete conversion of the previous calcium carbonate (aragonite) phase into a calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite) phase was performed with an hydrothermal transformation at 200 °C (∼15 atm), for four hours, with an aqueous solution of KH2PO4 in order to set the molar ratio Ca/P = 10/6 in a reactor (Parr 4382). The complete conversion was then analyzed by TGA, ATR-FTIR, x-ray diffraction, and SEM. Moreover, the material was biologically investigated with MC3T3-E1 in static cultures, using both osteogenic and maintenance media. The expression of osteogenic markers as ALP and osteocalcin and the cell proliferation were investigated. Results Cuttlefish bone has been successfully transformed from calcium carbonate into calcium phosphate. Biological characterization revealed that osteogenic markers are expressed using both osteogenic and maintenance conditions. Cell proliferation is influenced by the static culture condition used for this three-dimensional scaffold. Conclusions The new scaffold composed by hydroxyapatite and derived for a natural source presents good biocompatibility and can be used for further investigations using dynamic cultures in order to improve cell proliferation and differentiation for bone tissue engineering.