bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human papillomavirus DNA detected in peripheral blood samples from healthy Australian male blood donors
Authors: Chen Alice Che‐Ha , Keleher Annie , Kedda Mary‐Anne , Spurdle Amanda B. , McMillan Nigel A.J. , Antonsson Annika 
Published: August 2009

AbstractRecent studies have shown that human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA can be found in circulating blood, including peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), sera, plasma, and arterial cord blood. In light of these findings, DNA extracted from PBMCs from healthy blood donors were examined in order to determine how common HPV DNA is in blood of healthy individuals. Blood samples were collected from 180 healthy male blood donors (18–76 years old) through the Australian Red Cross Blood Services. Genomic DNA was extracted and specimens were tested for HPV DNA by PCR using a broad range primer pair. Positive samples were HPV‐type determined by cloning and sequencing. HPV DNA was found in 8.3% (15/180) of the blood donors. A wide variety of different HPV types were isolated from the PBMCs; belonging to the cutaneous beta and gamma papillomavirus genera and mucosal alpha papillomaviruses. High‐risk HPV types that are linked to cancer development were detected in 1.7% (3/180) of the PBMCs. Blood was also collected from a healthy HPV‐positive 44‐year‐old male on four different occasions in order to determine which blood cell fractions harbor HPV. PBMCs treated with trypsin were negative for HPV, while non‐trypsinized PBMCs were HPV‐positive. This suggests that the HPV in blood is attached to the outside of blood cells via a protein‐containing moiety. HPV was also isolated in the B cells, dendritic cells, NK cells, and neutrophils. To conclude, HPV present in PBMCs could represent a reservoir of virus and a potential new route of transmission. J. Med. Virol. 81:1792–1796, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes in Catchment‐Scale Recession Flow Properties in Response to Permafrost Thawing in the Yukon River Basin
Authors: Lyon Steve W. , Destouni Georgia 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPermafrost influences the hydrologic response of a catchment. In this study, we test the ability of recession flow analysis to reflect thawing of permafrost at the catchment scale for the well‐studied Yukon river basin (YRB), covering large portions of Alaska, USA and parts of Canada. The changes in the recession flow properties detected in the YRB agree well with observations of permafrost thawing across central Alaska. In addition, there is good agreement between the relative increases in recession flow intercept (a proxy for effective depth to permafrost) and the relative annual increases in groundwater flow (independently assessed as a permafrost thawing effect) in the YRB catchments that have exhibited such groundwater flow increases. This study demonstrates the utility of recession flow analysis to reflect catchment‐scale changes in permafrost across a variety of permafrost conditions. The strength of this method is that it requires only daily observations of streamflow to reflect permafrost thawing on much larger measurement support scales than the local scales of direct permafrost observations. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Evaluating heat‐related mortality in Korea by objective classifications of ‘air masses’
Authors: Kyselý Jan , Huth Radan , Kim Jiyoung 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjective classifications of weather types (‘air masses’, AMs) are a frequently used tool for evaluating and predicting increased mortality due to heat stress in summer. The air‐mass‐based approach takes into account the entire weather situation rather than single elements; it identifies ‘oppressive’ AMs associated with elevated mortality in a given location/area, and applies regression models within the oppressive AMs in order to account for and predict excess mortality. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis are used to define the AMs. This study examines the applicability of the method in South Korea. We focus on methodological issues that concern (1) the selection of input meteorological variables, (2) the way the input variables are treated (averaged/pooled station data), (3) the number of principal components retained for the cluster analysis, and (4) the number of clusters (AMs) formed. The oppressive AMs are examined with respect to the mean relative excess mortality above baseline, and the coverage of days with large excess mortality. We find that results strongly depend on the settings of the classification procedure, and general rules concerning the most appropriate methodology for the identification of oppressive AMs are difficult to be formulated. As the coverage of days with large excess mortality by the oppressive AM is the most important criterion for the application into predicting elevated mortality risks, the oppressive AMs that cover a small fraction of such days do not appear to be useful in spite of the large mean excess mortality. For South Korea, the classifications based on only two input variables, air temperature and dew‐point deficit, pooled input data, and two retained principal components are superior for identifying conditions associated with large excess mortality. Both meteorological and non‐meteorological parameters are found to be important predictors in regression models for excess mortality within the oppressive AMs of the selected classifications. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Spatial–temporal dynamics of precipitation extremes in southern Portugal: a geostatistical assessment study
Authors: Durão R. M. , Pereira M. J. , Costa A. C. , Delgado J. , del Barrio G. , Soares A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMost of the recent studies and projections of precipitation patterns, based on records observed in the past and climate change scenarios for the Mediterranean basin, suggest a relatively slow decrease in rainfall amounts over the years but an increase in the frequency of extreme precipitation events. These are key factors in desertification processes and these will cause social and environmental impacts in the short term, mainly because changes in heavy rainfall events may have severe implications and impacts on soil erosion, resulting in increased risk of soil degradation.The main objective of the present work is to evaluate the spatial–temporal dynamics of extreme precipitation events in southern Portugal, using a direct sequential simulation algorithm (DSS models) in order to assess the relationships between spatial and temporal extreme rainfall patterns. Local probability density functions (pdfs) and spatial uncertainty are evaluated by a set of equiprobable simulated images of the chosen extreme precipitation indices.The used dataset in this work comprises a set of 105 station records of observed daily precipitation within the period 1961–2000. Two indices of extreme precipitation were selected: one representing the frequency of extremely heavy precipitation events (R30) and another characterizing the occurrence of dry events (RL10), both obtained from observed daily precipitation series.Results show that the spatial continuity of extreme precipitation events has increased in the last 40 years in southern Portugal. It also demonstrates a decrease in spatial variability, implying that extreme precipitation events tend to be more spatially homogeneous, which may have a severe impact on water resources, agriculture and soil erosion, particularly when associated with desertification risks. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Trend analysis of annual and seasonal rainfall time series in the Mediterranean area
Authors: Longobardi Antonia , Villani Paolo 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPrecipitation trend analysis, on different spatial and temporal scales, has been of great concern during the past century because of the attention given to global climate change by the scientific community. According to some recent studies, the Italian territory has been suffering a precipitation decrease, especially in the last 50 years, and the southern areas seem to be more affected. The aim of the present study is to analyse rainfall time series over a wide time interval and a wide area, detecting potential trends and assessing their significance. For this purpose, 211 gauged stations, mainly located within the Campania region, southern Italy, have been analysed for the period 1918–1999. An accurate database has been set up through a data quality and time series homogeneity process. Statistical analysis of the database highlight that (1) the trend appears predominantly negative, both at the annual and seasonal scale, except for the summer period when it appears to be positive; (2) over the whole reference period, positive and negative trends are significant respectively for 9 and 27% of total stations and (3) over the last 30 years, a negative trend is instead significant for 97% of the total stations. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Management by trust in a democratic enterprise: A law firm shapes organizational behavior to create competitive advantage
Authors: Desai Nishith 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe founder of Mumbai‐based Nishith Desai Associates (NDA) built his law firm on a few powerful ideas: a trust‐based, nonhierarchical, democratically managed organization that leverages research and knowledge to deliver premium services, high value, and a unique employer proposition that shatters many negative law‐firm stereotypes. The author discusses the rationale behind NDA's business model and its organization and talent framework, and tracks the firm's philosophical genesis, which includes ideas from Mahatma Gandhi on democracy and from Charles Handy on trust in virtual organizations. He examines the implications of Handy's Rules of Trust for HR policies and practices, and then he describes NDA's approaches for creating challenge, growth, and rewards in a nonhierarchical structure; building behavioral competencies; balancing control with freedom; and other management practices that empower employees to act in the best interests of the firm and its clients. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Downsizing: The cure that can kill
Authors: Roth William F. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn a tough economy, many U.S. businesses turn to downsizing as a quick cost‐cutting strategy. The author argues that the price isn't worth it, and that operational effectiveness, not efficiency, is the key to survival. The author discusses the systemic effects of downsizing and the impact on longer‐term productivity. He cites alternatives to downsizing taken by Nugget Market, Dorner Mfg. Corp., and Lincoln Electric and then explores the case of an organization that rejected layoffs and instead utilized all its employees' expertise to design and implement improvements that produced increased productivity, revenue growth, and higher profitability. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of the Yiwu Fair on the development of business travel and the local economy
Authors: Bin Huang , Lund Daniel W. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe issue of how to manage the operation of the exhibition industry in order to promote local economies has become more significant in recent years, especially in many medium‐ and small‐sized cities. As a branch of municipal industrial systems, the exhibition industry plays an important and active role in the development of local industries and economies. For this reason, several Chinese cities have achieved great successes by choosing to use the exhibition industry as an entry point for city management strategies. Incorporating the exhibition industry with city management goals helps medium‐ and small‐sized cities to actively develop and provide basic infrastructure and conditions for the mutual benefit of the cities, the exhibitions, and their participants. This article provides evidence of how the China Yiwu International Commodities Fair promotes business travel to the city of Yiwu, thereby demonstrating the importance of strong relations between the exhibition industry and local economic development. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conducting business in Saudi Arabia: A brief for international managers
Authors: Ali Abbas J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAmong the countries in the Middle East, Saudi Arabia offers one of the most promising business opportunities in the foreseeable future for multinational corporations. The kingdom has embarked on billions of dollars' worth of investment projects and has developed a world‐class infrastructure. In recent years, Saudi Arabia has presented and cultivated a liberal and business‐friendly investment environment. In the last 20 years, political and economic stability have been achieved through serious and pragmatic measures and reforms that are aimed at strengthening the power of the ruling family while facilitating economic growth and foreign investment and involvement. This article provides useful information on the business, social, and economic environment. It aims to provide international managers with essential and insightful information in order to conduct business in Saudi Arabia with confidence and in the most effective way. The information and insight will enrich and sharpen international managers' skills in competing in the global marketplace. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Last Glacial Maximum pollen record from Bodmin Moor showing a possible cryptic northern refugium in southwest England
Authors: Kelly Ann , Charman Dan J. , Newnham Rewi M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA late Devensian palynological record is presented from Dozmary Pool (Bodmin Moor, southwest England), beyond the southern limit of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) British Ice Sheet. The pollen assemblages indicate predominantly herbaceous tundra–steppe communities but also include elevated levels (typically 10–20%) of conifer tree pollen (Picea, Pinus, Abies) and lower but persistent percentages of broadleaf tree pollen during the LGM. This record is seemingly at odds with the orthodox view of an entirely treeless tundra–steppe environment for this region and elimination of tree species from the British Isles during glacial maxima. Long‐distance pollen transport seems an unlikely explanation for the tree pollen considering distance to the nearest known refugia, except possibly for Pinus. Reworking of the tree pollen, often invoked in these circumstances, remains a possible alternative, especially given the abundance of these trees in the region during early Devensian interstadials. However, this explanation has been challenged by studies reporting plant macrofossil and faunal evidence for survival of temperate biota during glacial maxima and from climate modelling work that suggests some trees could have survived the glacial extremes in areas well beyond the recorded glacial refugia. Assuming reworking was not a major factor, the Dozmary Pool pollen record is consistent with the ‘cryptic northern refugia hypothesis’ that invokes survival of trees in small, scattered populations under locally favourable conditions during glacial maxima. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Indications and patient selection for cytoreductive surgery and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy
Authors: González‐Moreno Santiago , Ortega‐Pérez Gloria , González‐Bayón Luis 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCytoreductive surgery combined with perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy has provided unprecedented results in the management of peritoneal‐based neoplasms. Prognostic factors leading to a survival advantage when this treatment modality is employed have been identified. A steep learning curve has been described as well. Therefore, knowledgeable indication setting and proper selection of patients to whom this combined treatment can be offered is warranted in order to obtain the best results at the lowest possible toxicity. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:287–292. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Results of cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer
Authors: Glockzin Gabriel , Ghali Nabil , Lang Sven A. , Schlitt Hans J. , Piso Pompiliu 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) provide a promising additional treatment option for selected patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis arising from colorectal cancer. Due to the aggressive surgery the concept is associated with a significant morbidity rate. Thus, the operative risk has to be evaluated against the background of the expected improvement of the oncological outcome. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:306–310. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel modification of double stapling technique in Billroth I anastomosis
Authors: An Ji Yeong , Yoon Seok Ho , Pak Kyung Ho , Heo Geon‐Ung , Oh Sung Jin , Hyung Woo Jin , Noh Sung Hoon 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAlthough the double‐stapling technique has been used as a safe procedure in gastroduodenostomy, creating anastomosis with a circular stapler on the linear stapler line can be vulnerable for anastomotic leakage and ischemia. Therefore, we tried to modify the double‐stapling technique to avoid stapling on the staple line. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:518–519. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of lymph node retrieval rates on the utilization of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II colon cancer
Authors: Earle C.C. , Weiser M.R. , Ter Veer A. , Skibber J.M. , Wilson J. , Rajput A. , Wong Y.N. , Benson A.B. , Shibata S. , Romanus D. , Niland J. , Schrag D. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundFailing to meet the benchmark of 12 lymph nodes in resection specimens is an indication for adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II colon cancer.MethodsAmong consecutive eligible patients with pathologic stage II colon cancer treated at eight NCI‐designated comprehensive cancer centers between September 1, 2005 and February 19, 2008, we analyzed receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy, with less than 12 versus 12+ lymph nodes removed and examined the primary explanatory variable of interest.ResultsAmong 258 patients, 46% received adjuvant chemotherapy. An oxaliplatin‐containing regimen was used 67% of the time. Younger age (<50 years, P < 0.001), presence of lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.007), and higher T stage (P = 0.007) were independently associated with adjuvant chemotherapy use. There was significant inter‐institutional variability in practice with the proportion receiving treatment ranging from 17% to 64% (P < 0.05). Notably, presence of less than 12 lymph nodes in the surgical specimen was a strong predictor of treatment (P = 0.008).ConclusionsAdjuvant chemotherapy use after resection of stage II colon cancer is common, but by no means standard practice at National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) institutions. More attention to achieving the recommended benchmark for lymph node dissection has the potential to decrease exposure to the toxicity of adjuvant treatment. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:525–528. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cancers of the ampulla of vater: Demographics, morphology, and survival based on 5,625 cases from the SEER program
Authors: Albores‐Saavedra Jorge , Schwartz Arnold M. , Batich Kristen , Henson Donald E. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundCancers of the ampulla are unusual and morphologically heterogeneous. The NCI's SEER Program is now large enough so that unusual cancers can be studied. Based on pathologic and epidemiologic characteristics of cancer of the ampulla available in SEER, important clinicopathological correlations can be made.MethodsAll patients with cancer of the ampulla were identified between 1973 and 2005. Demographic features, distribution of histological types, age‐specific incidence rates, and 5‐year survival rates according to stage and histologic type were compared.ResultsThere were 5,625 cases of ampullary cancer. Ampullary cancer has been increasing since 1973. In both African Americans and Caucasians, the disease is more common in men. Adenocarcinomas, NOS comprised 65% of all histological types. Survival depends on stage, grade, and histologic type. Papillary carcinomas had a more favorable survival than other types; carcinomas arising in adenomas had a more favorable survival than adenocarcinomas not associated with adenomas. Logarithmic transformation of age‐related incidence data demonstrates that cancers having differing histopathologic phenotypes represent a single population of tumors.ConclusionsPrognostic factors include histologic type, grade, stage, and coexisting adenomas. These data should be included in pathology reports. Although certain histologic types exhibit morphologic differences, their pathogenesis appears to be similar. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:598–605. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumor: Clinical, pathologic, immunohistochemical characteristics, and surgical prognosis
Authors: Yang Wei‐Li , Yu Ji‐Ren , Wu Yi‐Jun , Zhu Kan‐Kai , Ding Wei , Gao Yuan , Shen Qian‐Yun , Lv Ke‐Zhen , Zhang Qing , Yang Xiao‐Jun 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveGastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) occur rarely in the duodenum. The characteristics of duodenal GIST have not been well clarified. The aim of this study is to clarify the characteristics and surgical prognosis of patients with primary duodenal GIST.MethodsData of patients with surgically treated primary duodenal GIST were retrospectively analyzed. Immunohistochemical expressions of p53, p16, and Ki‐67 were evaluated to explain the prognosis.ResultsCompared with gastric or small intestinal GISTs in historical studies, duodenal GISTs had a relatively smaller size, lower mitotic count, lower Ki‐67 LI, lower p16 loss, and similar p53 expression. The 1‐ and 3‐year recurrence‐free survival rates of patients with complete resection were 100 and 95.2%.ConclusionPatients with completely resected primary duodenal GIST seem to have a more favorable prognosis. This may be related to the different expressions of some immunohistological makers compared with GISTs of other locations. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:606–610. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gas chromatographic retention in uncoated fused silica capillaries
Authors: Klee Matthew S. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractUnderstanding of retention in uncoated fused‐silica capillaries is of interest due to increased attention on precolumn backflushing in capillary GC. Uncoated capillaries offer several advantages as precolumns compared to coated precolumns. In order to examine the possibility of predicting elution temperatures of alkanes from uncoated capillaries a priori, several sizes of deactivated but uncoated fused‐silica capillaries were evaluated under various operating conditions. Retention was found to depend on dimensionless ramp rate (°C/tM), sample loading (capacity), flow mode, and column dimensions (probably related to surface area).