bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Residual renal function and arterial stiffness mediated the blood pressure change during interdialytic weight gain in hemodialysis patients
Authors: TIAN Jun‐Ping , DU Feng‐He , CHENG Li‐Tao , WANG Tao 
Published: October 2009

AbstractVolume overload is thought to be the main cause of hypertension in dialysis patients. However, the effect of interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) in hemodialysis (HD) patients, which was considered as an increase in extracellular water (ECW), on blood pressure (BP) change, was controversial. Our aim was to examine the changes in hemodynamics and arterial stiffness during IDWG in HD patients and attempt to explore the possible mechanism of diverse BP change. Thirty prevalent patients on HD were enrolled. The height, weight, BP, blood chemistry, volume status assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis, hemodynamic parameters obtained by echocardiography, and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were collected within 1 hour postdialysis and again just before the next dialysis session. Meanwhile, blood samples were drawn to analyze vasoactive hormones, including renin, angiotensin II, catecholamine, and endothelin. The patients' weights and ECWs during the next predialysis were significantly higher than those during the postdialysis. The BP showed no difference between postdialysis and the next predialysis. There was an obvious increase in cardiac output and decrease in total peripheral resistance as a whole during the next predialysis than that during postdialysis. When patients were divided into the BP increase group (BPI group, 13 patients) and BP decrease group (BPD group, 11 patients) according to the change in systolic BP higher than 10 mmHg, both groups displayed a significant increase in weight, ECW, cardiac output, and a decrease in total peripheral resistance. As compared with the BPI group, patients in the BPD group had significantly lower IDWG, shorter time on dialysis treatment, and higher residual renal function. A decrease in catecholamine and endothelin in the next predialysis was obvious in the BPD group. There was a significant decrease in PWV at the next predialysis in the BPD group while the PWV did not change significantly in the BPI group. Our results showed that the diverse BP change during IDWG was significantly affected by residual renal function, PWV, and vasoactive substances.
Cannulation and vascular access‐related complications in hemodialysis: Factors determining successful cannulation
Authors: VAN LOON Magda M. , KESSELS Alfons G. H. , VAN DER SANDE Frank M. , TORDOIR Jan H. M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractLittle is known about cannulation of the vascular access (VA), such as the number of successful cannulation procedures, frequency of complications caused by cannulation, and VA failure. Incident patients were followed for 6 months, from the first successful cannulation with 2 needles—both used for the hemodialysis treatment. Data included patient characteristics, comorbidities, and medication. Vascular access characteristics included: type of VA and location, vein diameter assessed by Duplex ultrasound, length of the cannulation route, and maturation period. Longitudinal data were collected by dialysis nurses, using identical questionnaires, and a standardized method to register data from each dialysis session. Among 10 Dutch dialysis facilities, clinical data from 120 patients were collected from June 2005 to March 2007. The use of autogenous arteriovenous fistulae (P<0.001) and limited length of the cannulation route (P<0.003) negatively affect the outcome of cannulation and complications such as use of single‐needle (SN) dialysis and central vein catheters (CVC). Previous use of CVC and SN hemodialysis were significant predictors for VA failure (P<0.0001). The present study demonstrated that during the first 6 months of a newly placed VA, a huge number of cannulation‐related complications such as miscannulation, use of CVC, and SN dialysis are encountered. Despite the fact that guidelines recommended the arteriovenous fistulae as the preferred VA, cannulation‐related complications can lead to increased morbidity. The length of the cannulation route positively correlates with successful cannulation. Therefore, adjusted cannulation techniques might be indicated to improve VA outcome.
Myiasis after study trip to French Guiana
Authors: Schreiber Heike A. , Renkl Andreas C. , Lapinski Witold , Scharffetter‐Kochanek Karin , Weiss Johannes M. 
Published: October 2009

SummaryCutaneous myiasis is usually a harmless tropical disease caused by infestation with larvae from a variety of flies. Because of its rare occurrence in Europe, it is often misdiagnosed. Increased travel to tropical regions has correspondingly increased the number of cases observed in Europe. The furuncular type of cutaneous myiasis in a 31‐year‐old biology student was diagnosed upon his return from French Guiana. The student cultured one of the larvae to obtain a botfly. This case is discussed in the light of the current literature on pathogenesis, incidence and therapy of cutaneous myiasis.
Occupational exposure to non‐artificial UV‐light and non‐melanocytic skin cancer – a systematic review concerning a new occupational disease
Authors: Schmitt Jochen , Diepgen Thomas , Bauer Andrea 
Published: October 2009

Summary Background: Although UV exposure is the most important risk factor for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), a systematic review analyzing the risk of occupational UV exposure is missing. Methods: Based on a systematic literature search in PubMed (until 05/2009) supplemented by hand search, the association between occupational UV exposure and SCC and BCC was analyzed. Literature search and data abstraction was done independently by 2 reviewers. The association between occupational UV exposure and cancer risk is presented as odds ratios (OR). Results: We identified 25 relevant epidemiologic studies (5 cohort studies, 17 case‐control studies, 3 cross‐sectional studies). 12 studies described a positive association between occupational UV exposure and risk of SCC with OR > 3 in 6 studies and OR 1.5–2.0 in another 6 studies. 3 studies did not find a relevant association (OR: 1.0–1.4). A significant positive association between occupational UV exposure and BCC was reported in 5 studies; 11 studies did not find a significant association. Conclusions: The association between occupational UV exposure and SCC is well and consistently documented epidemiologically (approximately 2‐fold increased risk), so that the criteria for a new occupational disease are fulfilled. The association with BCC is unclear due to significant methodological limitations in the published studies.
The future of primary paediatric care in Europe: reflections and Report of the EPA/UNEPSA Committee
Authors: Barak S , Rubino A , Grguric J , Ghenev E , Branski D , Olah E ,   The EPA/UNEPSA Committee on Challenges and Goals of Paediatrics in the 21st Century
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackground:  Changes in the scope of the field of paediatrics and the variability in primary paediatric care (PPC) and practice throughout Europe motivated the European Paediatric Association and Union of National European Paediatric Societies and Associations (EPA/UNEPSA) to establish a working group to discuss definitions of paediatric coverage in terms of age limits, find common denominators in the provision of PPC and examine the challenges and goals of 21st century paediatrics relevant to the continent. These issues were presented at the 2008 Europaediatrics in Istanbul, where a consensus declaration was drawn up and accepted by the EPA/UNEPSA Executive Committee.Aim:  To present an outline of the essential elements of the 2008 EPA/UNEPSA Executive Committee consensus declaration.Conclusion:  The definition of basic characteristics and the establishment of requirements for optimal PPC and practice are important steps in overcoming the differences among European countries and pave the way for an acceptable formulation of standardized high‐quality paediatric medical care in Europe.
Effects of invasive alien kahili ginger (Hedychium gardnerianum) on native plant species regeneration in a Hawaiian rainforest
Authors: Minden V. , Jacobi J. D. , Porembski S. , Boehmer H. J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractQuestions: Does the invasive alien Hedychium gardnerianum (1) replace native understory species, (2) suppress natural regeneration of native plant species, (3) increase the invasiveness of other non‐native plants and (4) are native forests are able to recover after removal of H. gardnerianum.Location: A mature rainforest in Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park on the island of Hawai'i (about 1200 m a.s.l.; precipitation approximately 2770 mm yr−1). Study sites included natural plots without effects of alien plants, ginger plots with a H. gardnerianum‐dominated herb layer and cleared plots treated with herbicide to remove alien plants.Methods: Counting mature trees, saplings and seedlings of native and alien plant species. Using non‐parametric H‐tests to compare impact of H. gardnerianum on the structure of different sites.Results: Results confirmed the hypothesis that H. gardnerianum has negative effects on natural forest dynamics. Lower numbers of native tree seedlings and saplings were found on ginger‐dominated plots. Furthermore, H. gardnerianum did not show negative effects on the invasive alien tree species Psidium cattleianum.Conclusions: This study reveals that where dominance of H. gardnerianum persists, regeneration of the forest by native species will be inhibited. Furthermore, these areas might experience invasion by P. cattleianum, resulting in displacement of native canopy species in the future, leading to a change in forest structure and loss of other species dependent on natural rainforest, such as endemic birds. However, if H. gardnerianum is removed the native Hawaiian forest is likely to regenerate and regain its natural structure.
QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS AND STORAGE STABILITY OF BAKED AND FRIED CHICKEN NUGGETS FORMULATED WITH WHEAT AND RICE FLOUR
Authors: JACKSON V. , SCHILLING M.W. , FALKENBERG S.M. , SCHMIDT T.B. , COGGINS P.C. , MARTIN J.M. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTA randomized complete block design was utilized to evaluate the effects of baking and frying on the quality and sensory acceptability of chicken nuggets formulated with rice and wheat flour. It was also determined if reheating method (baking versus microwaving) affected sensory quality and if storage time (90 days) impacted product quality. Substitution of wheat flour with rice flour did not affect (P > 0.05) product quality or consumer acceptability, but frying improved (P < 0.05) sensory acceptability when compared with baking. Sensory descriptors and acceptability testing revealed that microwave reheating negatively affected baked treatments but did not impact fried treatments. Chicken nugget treatments could be stored for 90 days without negatively affecting product quality. This research revealed that rice flour could be utilized in the formulation of chicken nuggets and that chicken nuggets could be prepared by baking if they were also reheated in an oven.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSRice flour was an acceptable substitute for wheat flour in the formulation of baked and fried chicken nuggets, and these nuggets could be consumed by individuals who either have celiac disease or a wheat allergy. Baked chicken nuggets had good sensory quality if they were reheated in an oven, but sensory properties that are important to quality were diminished if the nuggets were reheated in the microwave. Fried chicken nuggets were highly acceptable to consumers and had excellent sensory properties whether they were reheated using the microwave or the oven. Sensory and instrumental quality of baked and fried chicken nuggets that were formulated with rice or wheat flour did not change over 90 days of storage.
DETECTION OF OLIVE OIL ADULTERATION WITH RAPESEED AND SUNFLOWER OILS USING MOS ELECTRONIC NOSE AND SMPE‐MS
Authors: MILDNER‐SZKUDLARZ SYLWIA , JELEŃ HENRYK H. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT The study analyzed the effectiveness of two types of electronic nose systems to detect adulteration of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) with rapeseed and sunflower oils. Tested methods included volatile analysis with the electronic nose based on MOS sensors (HS‐E nose) and by direct coupling of SPME to MS (SPME‐MS). Volatile compounds were analyzed also by SPME‐GC/MS. Samples of EVOO were mixed with different proportions, ranging from 5 to 50% (v/v), of seed oils and fingerprints of volatile profiles of all samples were generated. In order to obtain as much chemical information as possible and to find a volatile marker to detect adulterations of EVOO with seed oils, principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) analyses were applied to the data. The application of PCA and PLS analyses to the data from two electronic noses and SMPE‐GC/MS were sufficient to differentiate the adulterated samples from pure EVOO. Excellent results were obtained in the prediction of the percentage of adulteration by PLS analysis. SPME‐GC‐MS analysis with subsequent PCA yielded good results; however, it was time‐consuming. The two electronic noses, with subsequent PCA treatment of data, offering the advantages of rapidity and reliability, enabled detection of olive oil adulteration with different contents of seed oils. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSVirgin olive oil is highly appreciated by consumers due to its nutritional benefits. Thus, its adulteration with low‐grade olive oils or cheaper vegetable oils could potentially be very profitable for sellers or raw material suppliers and may yield large economic profits. In this way, authentication of virgin olive oils has become an interesting subject from both commercial and health perspectives. It has been proved that the two proposed types of electronic nose systems facilitate reliable detection of rapeseed and sunflower oils in extra virgin olive oil. Both MOS and MS electronic noses are faster than the conventional SMPE‐GC/MS analysis. These well‐correlated methodologies, offering the advantages of rapidity and reliability, opened up a new way of detecting adulteration of virgin olive oils.
Gender Differences in Food Preferences of School‐Aged Children and Adolescents
Authors: Caine‐Bish Natalie L. , Scheule Barbara 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Schools have the opportunity, through the National School Lunch Program and Local School Wellness Policies, to have a significant impact on healthy eating behaviors. An understanding of children's and adolescents' food preferences in relation to gender and age will facilitate the successful creation of both healthy and financially viable school menus. The purpose of this study was to identify food preferences with respect to gender of school‐age children and adolescents in an Ohio school district.METHODS: A survey was administered to 1818 3rd‐ to 12th‐grade students in 1 rural northeast Ohio school district. Students filled out an anonymous questionnaire about their preferences for 80 different foods using a 5‐point rating scale. The student data were grouped according to school level attended: elementary (3rd‐6th), middle (7th‐8th), and high school (9th‐12th). An exploratory factor analysis identified entrée and side dish factors. Cronbach's alpha was used to measure each factor's internal reliability. Differences in mean scores by gender and grade for each of the entrée and side dish factors by gender and grade were identified using analysis of variance (ANOVA).RESULTS: Boys preferred the meat, fish, and poultry foods over girls; girls preferred fruits and vegetables over boys (p < .05). Furthermore, gender differences in preferences were also demonstrated with respect to school level.CONCLUSIONS: Food preferences differed between genders and these gender differences varied among elementary, middle, and high school students. Gender differences should be considered when providing food choices to boys and girls at all ages.
Quantifiers and Discourse Processing
Authors: Paterson Kevin B. , Filik Ruth , Moxey Linda M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractQuantifiers are ubiquitous in natural language and, in addition to providing information about quantity, they serve important discourse functions. We outline several theoretical accounts of the functions that quantifiers perform in a discourse and the factors governing their interpretation, focusing on two specific topics that have received substantial attention from researchers working in linguistics and psychology. The first topic concerns the interpretation of pronominal anaphora in different quantification contexts, and we review evidence showing that the focusing effects of positive and negative quantifiers license different patterns of pronominal reference. The second topic concerns the interpretation of quantifiers that function as anaphors in a discourse, and we consider recent experimental evidence in relation to two current and highly influential theories of semantic interpretation.
Compartmentalisation: flood consequence reduction by splitting up large polder areas
Authors: Klijn F. , Asselman N. , Van der Most H. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractRiver and coastal floodplains are often protected by vast systems of connected embankments. In the Netherlands, about 55% of the country is protected in this way, by some 3600 km of primary defences. The protection level is probably the highest in the world, and annual mean flood risks are low. Nevertheless, the consequences of a major flood event might be unacceptable. This is a reason to consider whether and how the consequences of floods could be reduced in a cost‐effective manner. Splitting up large polder areas into smaller portions, the so‐called compartmentalisation, would reduce the area subject to flooding, and thus the economic damage, the number of people exposed and the fatality risk. We carried out a policy analysis for the national authorities in order to establish whether, where and under which conditions a further compartmentalisation of the country would be desirable. This paper gives some results, discusses our experiences in four case studies and finally focuses on the fundamental questions of assessment and the trade‐off between better flood protection and the benefit/cost ratio of reducing consequences.
How You Named Your Child: Understanding the Relationship Between Individual Decision Making and Collective Outcomes
Authors: Gureckis Todd M. , Goldstone Robert L. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe examine the interdependence between individual and group behavior surrounding a somewhat arbitrary, real‐world decision: selecting a name for one’s child. Using a historical database of the names given to children over the last century in the United States, we find that naming choices are influenced by both the frequency of a name in the general population, and by its ‘‘momentum’’ in the recent past in the sense that names which are growing in popularity are preferentially chosen. This bias toward rising names is a recent phenomena: In the early part of the 20th century, increasing popularity of a name from one time period to the next correlated with a decrease in future popularity. However, more recently this trend has reversed. We evaluate a number of formal models that detail how individual decision‐making strategies, played out in a large population of interacting agents, can explain these empirical observations. We argue that cognitive capacities for change detection, the encoding of frequency in memory, and biases toward novel or incongruous stimuli may interact with the behavior of other decision makers to determine the distribution and dynamics of cultural tokens such as names.
The Rules of Information Aggregation and Emergence of Collective Intelligent Behavior
Authors: Bettencourt Luís M. A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractInformation is a peculiar quantity. Unlike matter and energy, which are conserved by the laws of physics, the aggregation of knowledge from many sources can in fact produce more information (synergy) or less (redundancy) than the sum of its parts. This feature can endow groups with problem‐solving strategies that are superior to those possible among noninteracting individuals and, in turn, may provide a selection drive toward collective cooperation and coordination. Here we explore the formal properties of information aggregation as a general principle for explaining features of social organization. We quantify information in terms of the general formalism of information theory, which also prescribes the rules of how different pieces of evidence inform the solution of a given problem. We then show how several canonical examples of collective cognition and coordination can be understood through principles of minimization of uncertainty (maximization of predictability) under information pooling over many individuals. We discuss in some detail how collective coordination in swarms, markets, natural language processing, and collaborative filtering may be guided by the optimal aggregation of information in social collectives. We also identify circumstances when these processes fail, leading, for example, to inefficient markets. The contrast to approaches to understand coordination and collaboration via decision and game theory is also briefly discussed.
Chip Calorimetry for Fast and Reliable Evaluation of Bactericidal and Bacteriostatic Treatments of Biofilms
Authors: Buchholz F. , Wolf A. , Lerchner J. , Mertens F. , Harms H. , Maskow T. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT

Chip calorimetry is introduced as a new monitoring tool that provides real-time information about the physiological state of biofilms. Its potential for use for the study of the effects of antibiotics and other biocides was tested. Established
Pseudomonas putida
biofilms were exposed to substances known to cause toxicity by different mechanisms and to provoke different responses of defense and resistance. The effects of these compounds on heat production rates were monitored and compared with the effects of these compounds on the numbers of CFU and intracellular ATP contents. The real-time monitoring potential of chip calorimetry was successfully demonstrated by using as examples the fast-acting poisons formaldehyde and 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP). A dosage of antibiotics initially increased the heat production rate. This was discussed as being the effect of energy-dependent resistance mechanisms (e.g., export and/or transformation of the antibiotic). The subsequent reduction in the heat production rate was attributed to the loss of activity and the death of the biofilm bacteria. The shapes of the death curves were in agreement with the assumed variation in the levels of exposure of cells within the multilayer biofilms. The new monitoring tool provides fast, quantitative, and mechanistic insights into the acute and chronic effects of a compound on biofilm activity while requiring only minute quantities of the biocide.
Absorption, Pharmacokinetics, and Safety of Triclosan after Dermal Administration
Authors: Queckenberg Christian , Meins Jürgen , Wachall Bertil , Doroshyenko Oxana , Tomalik-Scharte Dorota , Bastian Bärbel , Abdel-Tawab Mona , Fuhr Uwe 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT
We evaluated the pharmacokinetics and safety of the antimicrobial agent triclosan after dermal application of a 2% triclosan-containing cream to six volunteers. Percutaneous absorption calculated from urinary excretion was 5.9% ± 2.1% of the dose (mean ± standard deviation). The amount absorbed suggests that daily application of a standard adult dose would result in a systemic exposure 890 times lower than the relevant no-observed-adverse-effect level. Triclosan can be considered safe for use in hydrophobic creams.