bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Croissance agricole et sortie de pauvreté : que nous apprennent les trajectoires des ménages ruraux en Indonésie ?
Authors: Bourgeois Robin , Meuriot Véronique 
Published: February 2012

L’existence d’un déterminisme de la croissance de la production agricole sur la sortie de pauvreté des ménages ruraux reste incertaine. L’hypothèse d’une telle relation est testée sur un panel de ménages agricoles indonésiens enquêté en 2001 et 2006. L’étude des trajectoires de statu quo , sortie, et entrée en pauvreté montre que la croissance agricole est une condition ni nécessaire, ni suffisante pour sortir de la pauvreté mais offre une certaine protection contre l’appauvrissement. Les activités non agricoles expliquent les différentes trajectoires. Cela signifie que la lutte contre la pauvreté en milieu rural n’est pas une simple affaire de productivité agricole.
Le capital culturel et la communauté virtuelle
Authors: Choi Hang-sub 
Published: February 2012

Résumé Cet article a pour objectif de comprendre pourquoi les classes moyennes dans la société coréenne poursuivent le style de vie des classes supérieures et comment elles se servent de la communauté virtuelle pour le faire. Fondée sur le principe de l’échange non marchand, celle-ci sert dans une certaine mesure à la redistribution du capital culturel vers ceux qui n’en bénéficient pas au même niveau que la bourgeoisie. Si Pierre Bourdieu, pour sa part, avait plus spécifiquement insisté sur la nécessité de critiquer la stratégie « clandestine » menée par la classe dominante à travers la manipulation de son capital culturel, il n’a cependant pas saisi les activités de partage des goûts existant entre les différentes classes sociales sur lesquelles a plus particulièrement insisté Michel Maffesoli.
Performance of poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) nanocomposites using distinct clays
Authors: Pistor Vinicios , Ornaghi Heitor Luiz , Ferreira Carlos Arthur , Zattera Ademir José 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the performance of EVA nanocomposites with distinct clays. Three different types of nanoclays were used (Na+, 15A, and 30B) at a processing speed of 400 rpm. By DMA, an increase in the storage and loss moduli was found, as well as lower peak height and peak width at half‐height for the nanocomposites containing 15A clay. Also, in rheometry analysis, higher moduli values were obtained for the 15A clay nanocomposite. The relaxation and retardation spectra showed three distinct peaks for the nanocomposites containing the organophilic clays. Finally, the XRD and TEM analysis showed a microcomposite formation, intercalated and exfoliated structure for the Na+, 15A, and 30B nanocomposites, respectively. These results possibility a greater understanding of the interaction effects between the intercalated (15A) and exfoliated (30B) clays and the influence of the type of modifier in the nanocomposites studied. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Preparation of iminodiacetic acid‐type composite chelating material IDAA‐PGMA/SiO2 and preliminary studies on adsorption behavior of heavy metal ions and rare earth ions
Authors: Gao Baojiao , Jiang Guiming , An Fuqiang 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA kind of iminodiacetic acid (IDAA)‐type composite chelating materials was prepared by first graft polymerization and subsequent polymer reaction. Monomer glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was grafted on micron‐sized silica gel particles in the manner of “graft through” in a solution polymerization system, resulting in the grafted particles poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA)/silicon dioxide (SiO2). Subsequently, the ring‐opening reaction of the epoxy groups of the grafted PGMA was carried out with IDAA as reaction reagent, resulting in the bonding of IDAA groups onto PGMA/SiO2 and obtaining the composite chelating material IDAA‐PGMA/SiO2 particles. The effects of the main factors on the graft polymerization of GMA and the bonding reaction of IDAA were examined emphatically, and the adsorption behavior of IDAA‐PGMA/SiO2 particles toward several kinds of heavy metal ions and rare earth ions was preliminarily explored. The experiments results show that: (a) to obtain the grafted particles PGMA/SiO2 with high grafting degree, in the graft polymerization step, the reaction temperature and the used amount of initiator should be controlled. The suitable temperature is 70°C and the appropriate used amount of initiator is 1.4 % of the monomer mass. Under the optimal conditions, the grafted degree of PGMA can reach 17.50 g/100 g. (b) It is feasible to introducing of IDAA groups onto PGMA/SiO2 particles via ring‐opening reaction of epoxy groups of the grafted PGMA under alkaline conditions, and the bonding rate of IDAA group can get up to 70% based on epoxy groups of the grafted PGMA. (c)The composite chelating material IDAA‐PGMA/SiO2 possesses very strong chelating adsorption ability for heavy metal ions, and especially toward Pb2+ ion, the adsorption capacity can reach 24 g/100 g. (d) The adsorption ability of IDAA‐PGMA/SiO2 for rare earth ions is weaker than that for heavy metal ions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Polymer‐supported heterogeneous titanium‐based Ziegler‐Natta catalyst for ethylene polymerization
Authors: Kalita A. , Kamrupi I. R. , Pokhrel B. , Dolui S. K. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractReported here in, is the synthesis of polystyrene (PS)‐supported Ziegler–Natta catalyst (PS‐TiCl4) by the reaction of PS and titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4). PS was synthesized by emulsion polymerization using super critical CO2 (sc‐CO2) as a medium. Three catalysts were synthesized by varying the TiCl4/PS weight ratio in hexane medium. The resulting catalysts were characterized by Fourier transformed‐infrared spectroscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X‐ray detector, X‐ray diffraction analysis. The acidity of the catalysts in an acetone/water solution was measured by pH meter. The thermogravimetric analysis reveals that catalysts are stable upto 150–180°C. Due to their higher degree of thermal stability these catalysts may potentially be used as a support in conventional Ziegler–Natta catalyst for ethylene polymerization. These catalysts also showed good storability and its overall catalytic productivity are found to be 3720 g PE/g Ti. The productivity of the catalysts also depended on the titanium concentration in the polymer matrix. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Effect of using oxygen, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide as active gases in the atmospheric plasma treatment of fiber‐reinforced polycyanurate composites
Authors: Zaldivar R. J. , Nokes J. P. , Patel D. N. , Morgan B. A. , Steckel G. , Kim H. I. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA study was undertaken to address the effect of using different active gases during the atmospheric plasma treatment of composite specimens for adhesive bonding. The effect of using oxygen, carbon dioxide, or carbon monoxide on the surface chemistry, morphology, and mechanical properties of cyanate ester composites was investigated. CO treatment resulted in a surface profile that could be tailored to create an oxygen/carbon ratio as high as 0.71 with a negligible degree of polymer degradation as verified by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy. On the other hand, CO2 and O2 treatments resulted in a fairly high degree of chain scission and degradation using otherwise similar treatment conditions. However, significant bond strength improvement (>75%) over conventional abrasion surface preparation techniques was achieved for all three types of gases. XPS of CO‐treated specimens showed a large increase in carbonyl species formation in comparison with the weakly bonded carbonates (ash) formed when treating the same composites with CO2 and O2 gas suggesting a different mechanism. These results present a method by which sensitive carbon‐based, hydrophobic surfaces can be modified without damaging the underlying substrate as well as improving bond performance over conventional surface preparation methods. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Use of near‐infrared spectroscopy for online quality analysis of Armos fiber/prepreg tape
Authors: Jiang B. , Huang Y. D. , Liu L. , Hu C. P. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractNear‐infrared spectroscopy (NIR) was applied in manufacture of the Armos fiber/prepreg tape. The reinforced material, resin matrix, and prepreg were analyzed by NIR spectroscopy, the qualitative and quantitative method. The volatile content and resin content of the calibration models were developed by partial least squares. The analytical result showed that, it was a rapid, nondestructive, and noncontact method for the simultaneous measurement of prepreg quality. This method enhanced the quality of prepreg. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Ring‐opening metathesis copolymerization of dicyclopentadiene and cyclopentene through reaction injection molding process
Authors: Yao Zhen , Zhou Li‐wu , Dai Bin‐bin , Cao Kun 
Published: January 2012

AbstractCopolymer of dicyclopentadiene and cyclopentene (CPE) is synthesized through ring‐opening metathesis polymerization using the second‐generation Grubbs catalyst. The influences of monomer composition, catalyst concentration, and reaction temperature on gelification time and monomer conversion have been investigated. Furthermore, the reaction injection molding process is employed to produce the copolymer of dicyclopentadiene and CPE. It has been found that postcuring process is necessary to achieve 100% monomer conversion. The incorporation of a small amount of CPE into the copolymers can reduce the weight loss rate in the TGA process and improve the mechanical properties. The effects of CPE fraction, catalyst concentration, and postcuring temperature on thermal stability and mechanical properties are discussed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Surface properties and biocompatibility of cellulose acetates
Authors: Dobos Adina Maria , Stoica Iuliana , Olaru Niculae , Olaru Liliana , Ioanid Emil Ghiocel , Ioan Silvia 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe article describes some properties of cellulose acetates (CAs) with different substitution degrees. The hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties, morphological aspects, and interface properties with red blood cells and platelets are affected by the substitution degree, synthesis conditions, history of the formed films from solutions in acetone/water nonsolvent/nonsolvent mixtures, and low pressure plasma treatment. The results obtained are useful in biomedical applications, including evaluation of bacterial adhesion onto surfaces, or utilization of CA for semipermeable membranes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Preparation of ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene/carbon nanotube nanocomposites with a Ziegler–Natta catalytic system and investigation of their thermal and mechanical properties
Authors: Amoli B. Meschi , Ramazani S. A. Ahmad , Izadi Hadi 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this research, ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanocomposites with different nanotube concentrations (0.5, 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 wt %) were prepared via in situ polymerization with a novel, bisupported Ziegler–Natta catalytic system. Magnesium ethoxide [Mg(OEt)2] and surface‐functionalized MWCNTs were used as the support of the catalyst. Titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) accompanied by triethylaluminum constituted the Ziegler–Natta catalytic system. Preparation of the catalyst and the polymerization were carried out in the slurry phase under an argon atmosphere. Support of the catalyst on the MWCNTs was investigated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results confirmed the interaction between the catalyst and the MWCNT hydroxyl groups. Intrinsic viscosity measurements showed an ultrahigh molecular weight in the produced samples. Scanning electron microscopy images confirmed the good dispersion of MWCNTs throughout the polyethylene (PE) matrix. The crystallization behavior of the samples was examined with differential scanning calorimetry. Its results showed that the crystal content of the samples increased with increasing MWCNT concentration up to 1.5 wt %. The same trend was observed for the crystallization temperature, whereas the melting temperature did not change with increasing MWCNT concentration up to 1.5 wt %, but it decreased beyond this concentration. In addition, thermogravimetric analysis results showed that the addition of MWCNTs noticeably improved all of the investigated thermal stability factors of the UHMWPE/MWCNT nanocomposites compared to those of pure PE. The results obtained from tensile testing revealed significant increases in the Young's modulus, yield stress, and ultimate tensile strength. This indicated a tremendous improvement in the mechanical properties of the PE/MWCNT nanocomposites compared to those of pure PE. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 125:453–461, 2012
Maternal eating disorders and infant temperament: Findings from the norwegian mother and child cohort study
Authors: Zerwas Stephanie , Von Holle Ann , Torgersen Leila , Reichborn‐Kjennerud Ted , Stoltenberg Camilla , Bulik Cynthia M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjective:We hypothesized that women with eating disorders would be more likely to rate their infants' temperament higher on negative emotionality than women without eating disorders.Method:Of 3,013 mothers with eating disorders, 44 reported anorexia nervosa (AN), 436 bulimia nervosa (BN), 2,475 binge eating disorder (BED), and 58 EDNOS purging type (EDNOS‐P). The referent group comprised 45,964 mothers with no eating disorder. A partial proportional odds model was used to estimate the relation among maternal eating disorder presentations and infant temperament ratings while adjusting for covariates.Results:Women with AN, BN, EDNOS‐P, and BED were 2.3, 1.4, 2.8, and 1.4 times more likely to report extreme fussiness than the referent group of women with no eating disorder, respectively.Discussion:Mothers with eating disorders may rate their infants as more difficult because of information‐processing biases or because their infants are emotionally difficult. Maternal perception of infant temperament may be a risk factor for children's emotional development. © 2012 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2012)
Clinical features of extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue
Authors: Ishii Yoshimi , Tomita Naoto , Takasaki Hirotaka , Ogusa Eriko , Hattori Yukako , Matsuura Shiro , Matsumoto Chihiro , Takemura Sachiya , Kuwabara Hideyuki , Ishigatsubo Yoshiaki 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWe newly diagnosed 131 patients with extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma between 1998 and 2010. We retrospectively studied 124 patients for whom complete clinical data were available at presentation and who had minimally undergone tumour staging by physical examination, computed tomography (CT), bone marrow aspiration, and biopsy. A slight female predominance (men, 58; women, 66) was observed in the study population; the median age was 67 years. The primary locations at presentation were the stomach (38%), orbita (20%), lung (12%), intestinal tract (8%), thyroid gland (6%), others (14%), and unknown (2%). Seventy per cent of patients had localized disease. Of the 124 patients, 14 (11%) had lymph node involvement, and 5 (4%) had bone marrow involvement. Five (4%) patients had both lung and gastric involvement. The 5‐year overall survival rate for the 124 patients was 96.1%. The overall vital prognosis was excellent. Moreover, gastro‐intestinal fiberscopic examination is essential, especially in cases with lung involvement at presentation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Control of cilostazol release kinetics and direction from a stent using a reservoir‐based design
Authors: Parker Theodore , Davé Vipul , Falotico Robert , Zhao Jonathon , Nguyen Thai , He Sylvia , Sun Yi‐Ping , Rogers Campbell 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSustained release formulations of a potent antithrombotic drug, cilostazol, in poly‐(lactic acid‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) matrices were created for luminal release from a novel drug‐eluting stent utilizing reservoirs (RES TECHNOLOGY™). The crystallinity of cilostazol and the morphology of the cilostazol/polymer matrix in the stent reservoirs were examined by cross‐polarized optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. An in vitro method was developed to study release kinetics of various cilostazol formulations and to examine correlation with in vivo release. Formulation parameters such as drug‐to‐polymer ratio and the use of a polymer barrier on the abluminal surface of the drug/polymer matrix were found to be effective in modulating drug release rate. Cilostazol/PLGA75/25 in the weight ratio of 50/50 to 70/30 displayed first‐order release kinetics for the majority of the drug load. Addition of an abluminal polymer barrier slowed cilostazol release rate when compared to the bidirectional reservoir design. Excellent correlation between cilostazol in vivo release profile from stents in a porcine coronary artery model and that measured in vitro in a modified USP‐7 apparatus suggests that the in vitro release system is capable of predicting in vivo release of cilostazol from stent reservoirs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
New measurements to compare soft tissue anchoring systems in pelvic floor surgery
Authors: Staat Manfred , Trenz Eva , Lohmann Philipp , Frotscher Ralf , Klinge Uwe , Tabaza Ruth , Kirschner‐Hermanns Ruth 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSuburethral slings as well as different meshes are widely used treating stress urinary incontinence and prolaps in women. With the development of MiniSlings and special meshes using less alloplastic material anchorage systems become more important to keep devices in place and to put some tension especially on the MiniSlings. To date, there are many different systems of MiniSlings of different companies on the market which differ in the structure of the used meshes and anchors. A new objective measurement method to compare different properties of MiniSling systems (mesh and anchor) is presented in this article. Ballistic gelatine acts as soft tissue surrogate. Significant differences in parameters like pull‐out strength of anchors or shrinkage of meshes under loading conditions have been determined. The form and size of the anchors as well as the structural stability of the meshes are decisive for a proper integration. The tested anchorings sytems showed markedly different mechanical function at their respective load bearing capacity. As the stable fixation of the device in tissue is a prerequisite for a permanet reinforcement, the proposed test system permits further optimisation of anchor and mesh devices to improve the success of the surgical treatment. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater , 2012.
Ni(II) alters the NFκB signaling pathway in monocytic cells
Authors: Li Lei , Wataha John C. , Cate Casey , Zhang Hai , DiJulio Dennis , Chung Whasun O. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractNickel‐based alloys are used for dental restorations because of their strength, high moduli, and relatively low cost. However, these alloys corrode significantly in use, particularly in lower pH environments that are common under oral biofilms. Ni(II) corrosion products increase inflammatory cytokine secretion from activated monocytes, suggesting that nickel alloys may exacerbate inflammatory responses in adjacent periodontal tissues caused by dental plaque. Because inflammatory cytokine secretion is regulated in part by the NFκB signaling pathway, our goal in the current work was to determine whether Ni(II) altered cellular levels or nuclear localization of NFκB‐family subtypes. THP1 monocytes were exposed to Ni(II) for 72 h, and activated with lipopolysaccharide for the last 30 min to 6 h. Secretion of IL6 and TNFα were measured using ELISA, and NFκB levels and localization was measured using SDS‐PAGE with immunoblots and digital analysis. We observed that Ni(II) did not alter the levels of secreted TNFα from activated monocytes, but increased secreted IL6 levels about 30% over controls. Ni(II) did not alter whole‐cell levels of any NFκB subtype, but increased nuclear persistance of p65 and c‐Rel. Our results suggest that Ni(II) may increase inflammatory cytokine secretion by increasing nuclear localization of some NFκB subtypes. Further studies should be done to determine the prominence of this mechanism in clinical environments. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Treatment of intrabony defects with beta‐tricalciumphosphate alone and in combination with platelet‐rich plasma
Authors: Özdemir Burcu , Ökte Emel 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackground:The therapeutic efficacy of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) still remains controversial. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of a beta‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) and PRP/β‐TCP combination both clinically and radiographically.Methods:Fourteen chronic periodontitis patients with at least two similar three‐walled defects were included in the study. Each patient was randomly treated with both β‐TCP (n = 14) and PRP/β‐TCP (n = 14) in the same session. Baseline and 6‐month evaluations of plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession (GR), bleeding on probing, and radiographic intrabony defect depth (RIDD) were assessed statistically.Results:At 6 months, statistically significant reductions of GI, PPD, BOP, and RIDD were observed in both groups. The median values of CAL decreased from 7.0 to 6.0 mm in the β‐TCP group (p = 0.002), and 7.5 to 5.0 mm in the PRP/β‐TCP group (p < 0.001). No statistically significant difference was detected between the two groups for all clinical indices.Conclusion:After a 6‐month healing period, both β‐TCP and PRP/β‐TCP were found effective in the treatment of three‐walled intrabony defects and no additional statistically significant benefits were found with PRP. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Chitosan as a barrier membrane material in periodontal tissue regeneration
Authors: Xu Chun , Lei Chang , Meng Liuyan , Wang Changning , Song Yaling 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPeriodontal regeneration is defined as regeneration of the tooth‐supporting tissues including cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) has been demonstrated to be an effective technique to achieve periodontal regeneration. In the GTR procedures, various kinds of membranes play important roles. Chitosan, a deacetylated derivative of chitin, is biocompatible, biodegradable, and antimicrobial. It acts as hydrating agent and possesses tissue healing and osteoinducing effect. Chitosan can be easily processed into membranes, gels, nanofibers, beads, nanoparticles, scaffolds, and sponges forms and can be used in drug delivery systems. Here, we review the bioproperties of chitosan and report the progress of application of chitosan as membranes in GTR and guided bone regeneration (GBR), which indicates that chitosan could be a good substrate candidate as the materials for the GTR/GBR membranes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.