bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Das Indid‐Hydrid Ba9[In]4[H]: Synthese, Kristallstruktur, NMR‐Spektroskopie, Chemische Bindung
Authors: Wendorff Marco , Scherer Harald , Röhr Caroline 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe new indide hydride Ba9[In]4[H] was synthesized from the elements in stoichiometric proportions using the inherent hydrogen content of commercial elemental barium as hydrogen source. Its structure, constituting a new type, was determined using single‐crystal X‐ray data (tetragonal, space group I4/m, a = 1397.3(2), c = 591.8(1) pm, Z = 2) in sufficient quality (R1 = 0.0261) to allow identification and location of the hydride ion as well as the refinement of its thermal parameter. The crystal structure of Ba9[In]4[H] exhibits isolated indium atoms, which are coordinated by 10 barium cations in a cubicosahedral arrangement. The hydride anions are octahedrally surrounded by six Ba2+ cations. According to [HBa4Ba2/2] these octahedra are connected by opposite corners to form chains running along the c axis. The presence of the hydride ion was determined by solid state NMR spectroscopy, where the chemical shift of the 1H‐MAS‐NMR signal of–9.0 ppm nicely corresponds to the values in BaH2 and other metallid hydrides. Like in other binary alkaline‐earth indides, the band structure calculated in the frame of the FP‐LAPW methods shows a pseudo band gap slightly above the Fermi level, associated with the electron precise valence electron count after Zintl (isolated In5–). The title compound was compared to other hydrides and indides both according to the structural as well as the bonding features.
Isolated sling suspension during resection of the Spiegel lobe of the liver: a safe alternative technique for difficult cases
Authors: Shindoh Junichi , Imamura Hiroshi , Kokudo Norihiro 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground/purposeThe Spiegel lobe is located deep in the dorsal portion of the liver, and isolated resections of this region are technically demanding, especially in bulky and/or invasive lesions or in hypertrophied cirrhotic livers.MethodsAnterior approach using the isolated hanging maneuver of the Spiegel lobe was attempted in patients in whom the conventional method of mobilizing the Spiegel lobe prior to liver transection would have been difficult. Clinical outcomes were compared with the conventional approach performed during the same period.ResultsOf 42 consecutive isolated resections of the Spiegel lobe, the presently reported technique was required in 12 patients (28.6%). The median diameter of the tumors was 33 mm, and tumor invasion to the retrohepatic inferior vena cava was observed in four patients. Although minor vascular injury was observed in one patient during retrohepatic dissection, the isolated sling suspension of the Spiegel lobe was successfully conducted in all cases. No remarkable inferiority of the present technique compared with the conventional approach was noted either in operation data or clinical outcomes.ConclusionAnterior approach using the isolated sling‐suspension technique may be a safe alternative surgical option for bulky and/or invasive lesions located in the Spiegel lobe of the liver.
Synthesis and Characterization of Canola Oil Alkyd Resins Based on Novel Acrylic Monomer (ATBS)
Authors: Nimbalkar Ramakant V. , Athawale Vilas D. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA water‐reducible alkyd resin was synthesized using the renewable resource canola oil and then chemically modified with styrene and the novel monomer acrylamido tertiary butane sulfonic acid (ATBS). Infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques were used for structural elucidation of newly synthesized resins. Analyses of their physico‐chemical and thermal properties revealed that styrene and ATBS‐grafted water‐reducible polymers have better thermal, chemical and coating properties than canola oil alkyd resins.
Pediatric Rehabilitation: 5. Transitioning Teens With Disabilities Into Adulthood
Authors: Kim Heakyung , Murphy Nancy , Kim Chong Tae , Moberg‐Wolff Elizabeth , Trovato Melissa 
Published: March 2010

ObjectiveThis self‐directed learning module focuses on preparing adolescent patients with special health care needs for adulthood by promoting their independence in their own self‐care; helping them to navigate issues of sexuality, marriage, and parenting; preparing the patient and family to make guardianship decisions during the transition between childhood and adulthood; and planning for higher education or vocation. Emphasis will be on the role of the physiatrist in providing this guidance and its importance in improving the patient's quality of life. It is part of the study guide on pediatric rehabilitation in the Self‐Directed Physiatric Education Program for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation and pediatric medicine. The goal of this article is to refine the learner's knowledge of preparing adolescent patients with special health care needs for adulthood to improve their quality of life.
Pediatric Rehabilitation: 4. Prescribing Assistive Technology to Promote Community Integration
Authors: Trovato Melissa , Kim Heakyung , Moberg‐Wolff Elizabeth , Murphy Nancy , Kim Chong Tae 
Published: March 2010

ObjectiveThis self‐directed learning module highlights the equipment and assistive technology needs of children and youth with disabilities. This article specifically focuses on preparing families and patients for equipment transitions that occur over the course of childhood and adolescence including progressing from stroller to wheelchair to powerchair, as well as job training and use of augmentative communication. It is part of the study guide on pediatric rehabilitation in the Self‐Directed Physiatric Education Program for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation and pediatric medicine. The goal of this article is to modify the learner's current practice techniques to ensure that assistive technology is used to promote community integration from early childhood through transition and into adulthood.
A Descriptive Study on Vitamin D Levels in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury in an Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation Setting
Authors: Nemunaitis Gregory A. , Mejia Melvin , Nagy Jennifer A. , Johnson Tova , Chae John , Roach Mary Joan 
Published: March 2010

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of inadequate or severely deficient levels of vitamin D in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation service and to describe any associations between patient demographics and injury characteristics and vitamin D levels.DesignRetrospective case series.SettingAcademic inpatient SCI rehabilitation program.SubjectsOne hundred patients with SCI who were consecutively admitted to acute inpatient rehabilitation from January to December 2007.MethodsData were retrospectively abstracted from the patient's medical chart.Outcome MeasureVitD‐25(OH)ResultsThe prevalence of VitD‐25(OH) inadequacy or severe deficiency was 93% in this sample of patients with SCI. The mean VitD‐25(OH) level was 16.29 ± 7.73 ng/mL, with a range from 7.00 to 36.80 ng/mL. Twenty‐one percent of the sample had VitD‐25(OH) levels that were considered as severely deficient (≤10 ng/mL). African‐American subjects had statistically significant lower mean VitD‐25(OH) levels compared with Caucasian subjects (12.96 versus 17.79 ng/mL; P = .003). Persons with an incomplete injury had significant lower mean VitD‐25(OH) levels compared with complete injuries (14.64 versus 18.15 ng/mL; P = .023).ConclusionsInadequate or severely deficient levels of VitD‐25(OH) were highly prevalent in patients with SCI admitted to an acute inpatient rehabilitation service. Evaluation of serum VitD‐25(OH) levels are recommended in patients with SCI because low levels may contribute to osteoporosis.
Changes in Transversus Abdominis Thickness With Use of the Abdominal Drawing‐In Maneuver During a Functional Task
Authors: McGalliard Michael K. , Dedrick Gregory S. , Brismée Jean Michel , Cook Chad E. , Apte Gail G. , Sizer Phillip S. 
Published: March 2010

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine an individual's ability to produce an increase in transversus abdominis (TrA) thickness during the performance of a functional task with the use of the abdominal drawing‐in maneuver (ADIM).DesignWithin‐subject repeated measures analysis of variance was used to examine the effects of the ADIM and a loaded forward‐reaching activity on the dependent variable of TrA thickness.SettingLaboratoryParticipantsConvenience sample of 8 women and 8 men, asymptomatic, with a mean age of 27.6 ± 7.1 years.InterventionsUltrasound imaging measurements were recorded during 4 conditions: (1) while the patient was standing without the ADIM; (2) while the patient was standing with the ADIM; (3) during a loaded forward‐reaching activity without the ADIM; and (4) during a loaded forward‐reaching activity with the ADIM.Main Outcome MeasuresThickness of the TrA muscle.ResultsThe measurement obtained by an investigator blinded to the condition revealed statistically significant differences in the thickness of the TrA between all uncontracted conditions as compared with all contracted conditions. No statistically significant difference in the thickness of the TrA in the contracted states during quiet standing versus loaded forward reach was observed.ConclusionSubjects in this study demonstrated the ability to voluntarily activate the TrA during upright static and functional tasks. Additionally, the TrA thickness may change in a direction‐specific manner. These findings support a protective role of the ADIM during functional activity and may add information to ways for promoting low back pain prevention. Future studies should include the effectiveness in the use of ADIM during functional tasks for the prevention of low back pain.
Sports and Disability
Authors: Wilson Pamela E. , Clayton Gerald H. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractParticipation in recreational and competitive sports at an early age has long been touted as a positive influence on growth and development, and for fostering lifelong healthy lifestyles. The benefits of an active lifestyle include not only fitness, but the promotion of a sense of inclusion and improved self‐esteem. These benefits are well documented in all populations, and their importance has been summarized in the recent Healthy People 2010 guidelines. The American Academy of Pediatrics has recently produced a summary statement on the benefits of activity for disabled children. They note that children with disabilities tend to have an overall lower level of fitness and an increased level of obesity. For this population, developing a lifelong desire to be active can be a simple means for limiting illness and much of the morbidity associated with sedentary lifestyles often associated with disability. For disabled youth, participation in disabled sports programs available nationally and internationally can be an effective means to promote such precepts. The goal of this focused review is to improve the learner's knowledge of the positive impact that active lifestyles can have on overall health in the disabled youth population and, as a result, modify their practice by incorporating recreational and competitive sport activities as part of improving overall patient care.
Further mapping of quantitative trait loci for female sterility in wheat (Triticum aestivumL.)
Authors: DOU BINGDE , HOU BEIWEI , WANG FANG , YANG JINBIN , NI ZHONGFU , SUN QIXIN , ZHANG YUAN-MING 
Published: March 2010

SummaryEpistasis underlying fertility plays an important role in crop breeding. Although a new female sterile mutant in wheat, XND126, has been identified and a major quantitative trait locus (QTL),taf1, for the female sterility has been mapped, the genetic architecture of the female sterility needs to be further addressed. To identify the interaction involving the gene(s) controlling the female sterility, an investigation was carried out for the seed setting ratio in an F2population derived from the cross between XND126 and Gaocheng 8901. Among 1250 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs in the whole genome, a total of 21 markers, obtained by recessive class approach, along with other ten tightly linked markers on reference maps in wheat, were used to survey 243 F2individuals. As a result, 28 markers were mapped into five genetic linkage groups. The performance for female sterility for each F2individual was evaluated simultaneously at the Urumqi and Huai'an experimental stations in 2006–2007. The two phenotypic datasets along with marker information were jointly analysed in the detection of QTL using penalized maximum likelihood approach. A total of six QTLs, including two main-effect QTLs, three epistatic QTLs and one environmental interaction and accounting for 0·67–24·55% of the total phenotypic variance, were identified. All estimated effects accounted for 53·26% of the total phenotypic variation. Thetaf1detected in previous study was also located on the same marker interval on chromosome 2DS. These results enrich our understanding of the genetic basis of the female sterility.
Predicting Global Stock Returns
Authors: Hjalmarsson Erik 
Published: March 2010

AbstractI test for stock return predictability in the largest and most comprehensive data set analyzed so far, using four common forecasting variables: the dividend-price (DP) and earnings-price (EP) ratios, the short interest rate, and the term spread. The data contain over 20,000 monthly observations from 40 international markets, including 24 developed and 16 emerging economies. In addition, I develop new methods for predictive regressions with panel data. Inference based on the standard fixed effects estimator is shown to suffer from severe size distortions in the typical stock return regression, and an alternative robust estimator is proposed. The empirical results indicate that the short interest rate and the term spread are fairly robust predictors of stock returns in developed markets. In contrast, no strong or consistent evidence of predictability is found when considering the EP and DP ratios as predictors.
Predicting Hedge Fund Failure: A Comparison of Risk Measures
Authors: Liang Bing , Park Hyuna 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis paper compares downside risk measures that incorporate higher return moments with traditional risk measures such as standard deviation in predicting hedge fund failure. When controlling for investment strategies, performance, fund age, size, lockup, high-water mark, and leverage, we find that funds with larger downside risk have a higher hazard rate. However, standard deviation loses the explanatory power once the other explanatory variables are included in the hazard model. Further, we find that liquidation does not necessarily mean failure in the hedge fund industry. By reexamining the attrition rate, we show that the real failure rate of 3.1% is lower than the attrition rate of 8.7% on an annual basis during the period of 1995–2004.
How Does Liquidity Affect Government Bond Yields?
Authors: Favero Carlo , Pagano Marco , von Thadden Ernst-Ludwig 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe paper explores the determinants of yield differentials between sovereign bonds, using euro-area data. There is a common trend in yield differentials, which is correlated with a measure of aggregate risk. In contrast, liquidity differentials display sizeable heterogeneity and no common factor. We propose a simple model with endogenous liquidity demand, where a bond’s liquidity premium depends both on its transaction cost and on investment opportunities. The model predicts that yield differentials should increase in both liquidity and risk, with an interaction term of the opposite sign. Testing these predictions on daily data, we find that the aggregate risk factor is consistently priced, liquidity differentials are priced for a subset of countries, and their interaction with the risk factor is in line with the model’s prediction and crucial to detect their effect.
Investor Protection, Equity Returns, and Financial Globalization
Authors: Giannetti Mariassunta , Koskinen Yrjö 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe study the effects of investor protection on stock returns and portfolio allocation decisions. In our theoretical model, if investor protection is weak, wealthy investors have an incentive to become controlling shareholders. In equilibrium, the stock price reflects the demand from both controlling shareholders and portfolio investors. Due to the high demand from controlling shareholders, the price of weak corporate governance stocks is not low enough to fully discount the extraction of private benefits. Thus, stocks have lower expected returns when investor protection is weak. This has implications for domestic and foreign investors’ stockholdings. In particular, we show that portfolio investors’ participation in the domestic stock market and home equity bias are positively related to investor protection and provide original evidence in their support.
What Does the Individual Option Volatility Smirk Tell Us About Future Equity Returns?
Authors: Xing Yuhang , Zhang Xiaoyan , Zhao Rui 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe shape of the volatility smirk has significant cross-sectional predictive power for future equity returns. Stocks exhibiting the steepest smirks in their traded options underperform stocks with the least pronounced volatility smirks in their options by 10.9% per year on a risk-adjusted basis. This predictability persists for at least 6 months, and firms with the steepest volatility smirks are those experiencing the worst earnings shocks in the following quarter. The results are consistent with the notion that informed traders with negative news prefer to trade out-of-the-money put options, and that the equity market is slow in incorporating the information embedded in volatility smirks.
The truth of metaphorical God-talk
Authors: Muis J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis article tries to show that metaphorical God-talk can be descriptive and true. First, it is established that true metaphorical descriptions of reality are possible. No special theory of ‘metaphorical truth’ is required for metaphorical descriptions. Next, it is argued that a realistic metaphorical description of God is possible because we can know the transcendent creator in the experience of being addressed by him in Jesus Christ. God-talk is an extension of our response to God's address. The truth-condition of metaphorical God-talk is God's self-revelation; its truth-criterion is biblical God-talk.
Changing our corporate mind: reflections on paradigm shift in ethical thinking
Authors: Goldring Richard 
Published: March 2010

AbstractLegalisation of marriages with a deceased wife's sister (MDWS) was once controversial among Christians. The pattern of Presbyterian pronouncement on MDWS – initial dogmatic assertion (accompanied by debatable claims about their long-standing traditions), strong initial claims about the teaching of scripture, apocalyptic fears about possibly drastic social consequences of liberalisation, and later muted acceptance – is also reflected in the English Reformed Churches' discussions of divorce and remarriage. The author notes both the inexperience and ill-preparedness of church bodies for the debates, accompanied by initial dogmatism disproportionate to their experience of the subject, and the diversity of opinion on divorce and remarriage held by people who shared a common approach to scripture.The tone of discussion and the manner in which dialogue takes place is in itself part of the church's witness just as much as what is said. Truth and unity must be seen as equally important: faithfulness to God requires both orthodoxy and orthopraxis. Unity is founded on relationships rather than holding the same opinion on all matters. This is based on the relational unity of God the Trinity. In seeking scriptural guidance, the Christian community must read scripture together rather than individualistically.Acts 11–15 provide guidance when re-evaluating deeply held convictions, but purported analogies between the acceptance of Gentiles in the church without requiring them first to conform to the Jewish requirement of circumcision and the acceptance of other conduct require close examination.
Election and the Trinity: Theses in response to George Hunsinger
Authors: McCormack Bruce 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe theses offered here for discussion constitute a response to theses published by my Princeton Theological Seminary colleague, George Hunsinger. The debate carried out between us has to do not only with the question of how Karl Barth's theology is to be understood, but also with how his theology is to be taken up today in order address pressing issues of concern. As the debate has unfolded, it has centred upon three areas of questioning: 1) the genetic-historical question of how Karl Barth's theology developed, whether his mind changed on important issues and in what way; 2) the question of whether Barth's later christology (in volume IV of theChurch Dogmatics) would require modifications to be made in his earlier treatment of the doctrine of the Trinity (inCDI/1), his christology (inCDI/2) and of the being and perfections of God (inCDII/1); and 3) the question of the logical relationship between God's eternal act of election (as treated by Barth inCDII/2) and God's triunity. The last question does indeed take me beyond Barth, but it does so in a way that does full justice to the christological commitments found in his doctrine of reconciliation. The position I set forth here is one I have held to with a high degree of consistency since 1994 – which means that it antedates the publication of my book on Barth's theological development in 1995. Since that time, I have been engaged in a process of further elaboration and clarification.
Exploratory design using constraints
Authors: Chan Weng Tat , Paulson Boyd C. 
Published: March 2010

Engineering design involves the evaluation and satisfaction of a wide variety of constraints. The ability to represent and process these constraints in a computer is important for the verification of the output produced by computer-aided design programs. Constraints need not only check designs but can also be used to derive design solution s that satisfy constraints. The paper discusses how to represent the dual nature of constraints so that design consistency is maintained as the design evolves.Assumptions and rules of thumb are used frequently in design to propose initial solutions. We represent the logic behind the derivation of these assumptions as heuristic procedures and maintain the dependencies between these assumptions and their consequents as an aid to the management of design consistency. We also propose a simple scheme, involving the partitioning of the design modules, to effect design changes when constraint violations occur. An example from structural design illustrates the methodology.
Spreadsheets based on interval constraint satisfaction
Authors: Hyvönen Eero 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSpreadsheets are difficult to use in applications, where only incomplete or inexact data (e.g., intervals) are available-a typical situation in various design and planning tasks. It can be argued that this is due to two fundamental shortcomings of the computational paradigm underlying spreadsheets. First, the distinction between input and output cells has to be fixed before computations. Second, cells may have only exact values. As a result, spread-sheets support the user only with primitive iterative problem solving schemes based on trial-and-error methods. A constraint-based computational paradigm for next generation interval spreadsheets is presented. The scheme makes it possible to exploit incomplete/inexact data (intervals), and it can support problem solving in a top-down fashion. Current spreadsheets constitute a special case of the more general interval constraint spreadsheets proposed.