bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lithostratigraphy and late Cenozoic fluvial styles of Siwalik Group along Kankai River section, East Nepal Himalaya
Authors: Ulak Prakash Das 
Published: September 2009

This paper describes on lithostratigraphy as well as evolution of the fluvial styles in late Cenozoic Siwalik Group along the Kankai River section of east Nepal Himalaya. The Siwalik Group lies on the southern flank of the Himalaya, is composed of molasse sediments, which were derived from the rising Himalaya in the north. The group along the Kankai River section is lithologically divided into the Lower, Middle and Upper Siwaliks, in ascending order based on increasing grain size and lithology. The Lower Siwaliks is subdivided into the lower and upper members, whereas the Middle Siwaliks is subdivided into the lower, middle and upper members on the basis of the relative thickness of the sandstone and mudstone beds, frequency of occurrence of these beds, and grain size of sandstone. The Upper Siwaliks is subdivided into the lower and upper members based on the clast size in conglomerate and constituent of the Siwalik sandstone boulders in conglomerate. Based on the lithology, assemblages of sedimentary structure and sediment body architectures, seven facies associations (FA1 to FA7) are recognised. These facies associations are closely related to each lithostratigraphic units of the area. The sediments of the lower and upper members of the Lower Siwaliks are products of the fine-grained meandering and flood flow-dominated meandering systems, respectively. The lower, middle and upper members of the Middle Siwaliks are interpreted as the deposits by sandy meandering, deep sandy braided and shallow braided systems, respectively whereas the lower and upper members of the Upper Siwaliks are the products of gravelly braided to debris flow-dominated braided systems, respectively. doi: 10.3126/bdg.v12i0.2251 Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Vol. 12, 2009, pp. 63-74
Tribological Studies of a Zr‐Based Glass‐Forming Alloy with Different States
Authors: Jiang Feng , Qu Jun , Fan Guojiang , Jiang Wenhui , Qiao Dongchun , Freels Matthew W. , Liaw Peter K. , Choo Hahn 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe tribological characteristics of a glass‐forming alloy, Zr52.5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10.0Ti5.0, in atomic percent (at.%, Vit 105), with different microstructural states have been investigated. Friction and wear studies were conducted using a ball‐on‐flat reciprocating sliding apparatus against an AISI E52100 bearing steel under dry condition. The observed wear resistance in an ascending order is: the deformed, creep‐tested, and as‐cast states. Wear analyses suggested that the wear processes of glass‐forming alloys involved abrasion, adhesion, and oxidation. The differences in hardness, free volume, and brittleness in different states significantly affected the friction and wear behaviors of the glass‐forming alloys.
Carbon black and lung cancer—testing a novel exposure metric by multi‐model inference
Authors: Morfeld Peter , McCunney Robert J. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackgroundIn a recent analysis of a UK cohort Sorahan and Harrington [2007: Am J Ind Med 50: 555–564] assessed the most recent 15 years of exposure (“lugging”) to support their hypothesis that carbon black acts as a late stage lung carcinogen. We tested this metric in a German cohort of 1,528 carbon black workers.MethodsWe used a multi‐model Cox regression approach (720 models) to explore the impact of duration and cumulative exposure to carbon black “lugged” by 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 years. This approach covered four sub‐cohorts, including an inception cohort, different exposure scenarios and varying combinations of confounders.ResultsSeven hundred nineteen models returned negative coefficients. Only one model estimated a small positive, but clearly non‐significant coefficient (P = 0.8).ConclusionsDespite extensive searching, no exposure scenario suggested an adverse effect of “lugged” carbon black exposure on lung cancer mortality. Our analysis does not support the hypothesis of carbon black being a late stage carcinogen. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:890–899, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and Cytotoxic Evaluation of 6‐(3‐Pyrazolylpropyl) Derivatives of 1,4‐Naphthohydroquinone‐1,4‐diacetate
Authors: Molinari Aurora , Oliva Alfonso , Ojeda Claudia , del Corral José M. Miguel , Castro M. Angeles , Cuevas Carmen , San Feliciano Arturo 
Published: September 2009

AbstractSeveral new 6‐(3‐pyrazolylpropyl) derivatives of 1,4‐naphthohydroquinone‐1,4‐diacetate (NHQ‐DA) have been prepared by chemical modifications of the Diels–Alder adduct of α‐myrcene and 1,4‐benzoquinone. All these new compounds and precursors have been evaluatedin vitrofor their cytotoxicity against cultured human cancer cells of MB‐231 breast‐adeno carcinoma, A‐549 lung carcinoma, and HT‐29 colon carcinoma. GI50values ranged in and below the micromolar concentration level.
Time‐dependent effects ofKlebsiella pneumoniaeendotoxin on the pharmacokinetics of chlorzoxazone and its main metabolite, 6‐hydroxychlorzoxazone, in rats: restoration of the parameters in 96 hour in KPLPS rats to control levels
Authors: Jung Hye Y. , Kang Hee E. , Choi Young H. , Kim So H. , Lee Myung G. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIt has been reported that chlorzoxazone (CZX) was primarily metabolized via hepatic Cyp2e1 to form 6‐hydroxychlorzoxazone (OH‐CZX) in rats, and the activity of aniline hydroxylase (a Cyp2e1 marker) in the liver was significantly decreased in rats at 24 h after pretreatment with lipopolysaccharide derived fromKlebsiella pneumoniae(24 h KPLPS rats), whereas the levels were not changed at 2 h and 96 h in the KPLPS rats. Thus, the time‐dependent pharmacokinetic parameters of CZX and OH‐CZX were evaluated after the intravenous administration of CZX (20 mg/kg) to control rats, and the 2 h, 24 h and 96 h KPLPS rats along with the time‐dependent changes in the protein expression of hepatic Cyp2e1. After the intravenous administration of CZX to 24 h KPLPS rats, theAUC0–2 hof OH‐CZX andAUCOH‐CZX, 0–2 h/AUCCZXwere significantly smaller (by 40.5% and 71.2%, respectively) than those of controls due to the significant decrease (by 75.3%) in the protein expression of hepatic Cyp2e1. However, in 96 h KPLPS rats, the pharmacokinetic parameters of both CZX and OH‐CZX were unchanged compared with controls due to the restoration of the protein expression of hepatic Cyp2e1 to control levels. These observations highlighted the existence of the time‐dependent effects of KPLPS on the pharmacokinetics of CZX and OH‐CZX in rats. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of extremely low‐frequency magnetic field exposure on cognitive functions: results of a meta‐analysis
Authors: Barth Alfred , Ponocny Ivo , Ponocny‐Seliger Elisabeth , Vana Norbert , Winker Robert 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThere is extensive literature on possible effects of extremely low‐frequency magnetic fields (ELF‐MFs) on human cognitive functions. However, due to methodological deficits (e.g., low statistical power, small sample sizes) findings have been inconsistent. In the current study we try to overcome these problems by carrying out a meta‐analysis. Literature research revealed 17 studies. Nine of these were included in the meta‐analysis because they fulfilled minimum requirements (e.g., at least single‐blind experimental study design and documentation of means and standard deviation of the dependent variables). All of the studies used a 50 Hz magnetic field exposure. Small but significant effect sizes could be detected in two cognitive dimensions: in the hard level of visual duration discrimination, task‐exposed subjects performed better than controls; at the intermediate level however, exposed subjects performed worse. Additionally, a significant improvement of correct responses was observed in the dimension of “flexibility” under exposure. However, due to the small number of studies per performance dimensions and the resulting instability of estimates, these findings have to be treated with extreme caution. Taken together, the results of the meta‐analysis provide little evidence that ELF‐MFs have any effects on cognitive functions. Bioelectromagnetics 31:173–179, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell placement and guidance on substrates for neurochip interfaces
Authors: Charrier Anne , Martinez Dolores , Monette Robert , Comas Tanya , Movileanu Raluca , Py Christophe , Denhoff Mike , Krantis Anthony , Mealing Geoff 
Published: September 2009

AbstractInterface devices such as integrated planar patch‐clamp chips are being developed to study the electrophysiological activity of neuronal networks grown in vitro. The utility of such devices will be dependent upon the ability to align neurons with interface features on the chip by controlling neuronal placement and by guiding cell connectivity. In this paper, we present a strategy to accomplish this goal. Patterned chemical modification of SiN surfaces with poly‐d‐lysine transferred from PDMS stamps was used to promote adhesion and guidance of cryo‐preserved primary rat cortical neurons. We demonstrate that these neurons can be positioned and grown over microhole features which will ultimately serve as patch‐clamp interfaces on the chip. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010; 105: 368–373. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of Novel Submicrometer‐Scale Flat Carbon Fibers and Application in the Electrooxidation of Methanol
Authors: Zhang L. , Zhang C. , Xiang X. , Li F. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractNovel submicrometer‐scale flat carbon fibers (SFCF) have been synthesized by catalytic chemical vapor deposition of acetylene over an Ni‐Al layered double hydroxide (NiAl‐LDH) compound, and the electrochemical activity of Pt supported on as‐synthesized SFCF for methanol oxidation has been investigated. The materials were characterized by power X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectra, and cyclic voltammetry tests. The results reveal that the active crystal facets of the NiAl2O4 spinel phase derived from NiAl‐LDH can deposit carbon atoms to grow SFCF, and that the co‐growing Ni nanoparticles are not catalytically active for the formation of SFCF. Furthermore, after support with Pt, the resultant Pt/SFCF electrocatalyst shows much higher activity for methanol oxidation than the Pt/C one in both acid and alkaline media, which is attributed to the combined beneficial effects of the microstructure of the SFCF support, improved electrical conductivity originating from the NiAl2O4 spinel catalyst embedded in SFCF, and improved dispersion of Pt particles through exposed Ni nanoparticles adhering intimately to the SFCF.
Depression as a predictor of disease progression and mortality in cancer patients
Authors: Satin Jillian R. , Linden Wolfgang , Phillips Melanie J. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Cancer patients and oncologists believe that psychological variables influence the course of cancer, but the evidence remains inconclusive. This meta‐analysis assessed the extent to which depressive symptoms and major depressive disorder predict disease progression and mortality in cancer patients.METHODS:Using the MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and EMBASE online databases, the authors identified prospective studies that examined the association between depressive symptoms or major/minor depression and risk of disease progression or mortality in cancer patients. Two raters independently extracted effect sizes using a random effects model.RESULTS:Based on 3 available studies, depressive symptoms were not shown to significantly predict cancer progression (risk ratio [RR] unadjusted = 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85‐1.77; P = .28). Based on data from 25 independent studies, mortality rates were up to 25% higher in patients experiencing depressive symptoms (RR unadjusted = 1.25; 95% CI, 1.12‐1.40; P < .001), and up to 39% higher in patients diagnosed with major or minor depression (RR unadjusted = 1.39; 95% CI, 1.10‐1.89; P = .03). In support of a causal interpretation of results, there was no evidence that adjusting for known clinical prognostic factors diminished the effect of depression on mortality in cancer patients.CONCLUSIONS:This meta‐analysis presented reasonable evidence that depression predicts mortality, but not progression, in cancer patients. The associated risk was statistically significant but relatively small. The effect of depression remains after adjustment for clinical prognosticators, suggesting that depression may play a causal role. Recommendations were made for future research to more clearly examine the effect of depression on cancer outcomes. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Relationships between early maladaptive schemas and psychosocial developmental task resolution
Authors: Thimm Jens C. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn schema therapy, early maladaptive schemas (EMS) are hypothesized to be the result of adverse relational experiences in childhood that hinder the resolution of important psychological developmental tasks. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationships between EMS and the resolution of the developmental tasks that are described in Erikson's scheme of personality development. One hundred and forty‐five adult psychiatric outpatients completed measures of EMS and resolution of psychosocial development tasks at two occasions. Results from correlational and regression analyses showed that EMS are generally associated with unsuccessful psychosocial task resolution. Furthermore, schema change predicted changes in the resolution of developmental tasks. These findings give support to Young's theory of schema development. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message:• Early maladaptive schemas and negative resolution of psychosocial developmental tasks are closely linked.• Changes in early maladaptive schemas predict changes in psychosocial developmental task resolution.
A stable silagermene (tBu3Si)2Si=Ge(mes)2 (mes = 2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl): Synthesis, X‐ray crystal structure, and thermal isomerization
Authors: Igarashi Masayasu , ıchinohe Masaaki , Sekiguchi Akira 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA stable silagermene, 1,1‐bis(tri‐tert‐butylsilyl)‐2,2‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)silagermene, was synthesized by the reaction of dilithiosilane (tBu3Si)2SiLi2 with dichlorodimesitylgermane. Its structure was determined by spectroscopic data and X‐ray crystallography, which showed the SiGe length to be 2.2769(8) Å. The silagermene underwent isomerization at 100ˆC to form the corresponding symmetrically substituted isomer (E)‐1,2‐bis(tri‐tert‐butylsilyl)‐1,2‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)silagermene. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:649–653, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20503
Synthesis, characterization, and biological activity of organophosphates derived from substituted benzoxazole
Authors: Samota Mahesh Kumar , Jhajharia Priyanka , Seth Gita 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe reaction of phosphorus oxychlo‐ ride/phosphorus thiochloride with 2‐(2′‐mercapto‐ phenyl)benzoxazole in 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 molar ratio in the presence of stoichiometric amounts of triethyl‐ amine has afforded a series of organophosphates. These organophosphates have been characterized by elemental analyses, infrared, 1H NMR, 31P NMR, and mass spectral studies. The antifungal activity of these organophosphates has been evaluated against pathogenic fungi Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporium. The antifungal screening data reveal that these compounds are more fungitoxic than 2‐(2′‐mercaptophenyl) benzoxazole. These organophosphates were also found to be insecticidal when tested against Periplenata americana.© 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 20:309–315, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20551
A mechanistic study of in vitro degradation of magnesium alloy using electrochemical techniques
Authors: Bobby Kannan M. , Singh R. K. Raman 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTo understand the in vitro degradation mechanism of magnesium alloy, electrochemical experiments viz., electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization, were carried out on AZ91 magnesium alloy under different experimental conditions. The study suggests: (i) the body temperature decreases significantly the corrosion resistance of the alloy, (ii) alkali‐treatment of the alloy enhances the corrosion resistance, and (iii) although chloride in simulated body fluid minimizes the corrosion resistance, the presence of other constituents viz., phosphate, calcium, and carbonate, enhances the film forming tendency and hence increases the corrosion resistance of the alloy. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Granulocyte transfusion therapy in abdominal organ transplant recipients
Authors: Oak Nikhil R. , Triulzi Darrell J. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackground: Patients with neutropenia are at increased risk for infections. Granulocyte transfusions (GT) have had mixed success in treatment of neutropenic infections in adult patients with hematologic malignancy. This study examined the outcomes of GT therapy in neutropenic solid organ transplant recipients, a novel population for this therapy. Methods: We performed a retrospective examination of the transfusion and medical records of all 14 solid organ‐transplant recipients without hematologic malignancy who experienced neutropenia and received GT therapy from 2004 to 2006. Results: Twelve patients received GT therapy for an active infection and two patients for infection prophylaxis. The mean absolute neutrophil count (ANC) one day increment per GT in these patients was 526/μl (median 215/μl). The mean ANC one day increment per dose of 1010 granulocytes was 246/μl (median 86/μl). Of the 12 infected patients, four patients (33%) showed a clinical response to GT with improvement or resolution of the infection, 7 (58%) patients had no clinical response and one additional patient had a clinical response to a course of GT but died during a second GT course. Neither patient receiving GT for prophylaxis developed an infection. Conclusions: We observed temporal increases in ANC to levels above 1,000/μl in 15/18 (83.3%) courses of GT. We observed a clinical response to infection in 5/12 (42%) patients, the remaining infected patients had no clinical response. Our results suggest that GT therapy in neutropenic solid organ transplant recipients can boost peripheral blood neutrophil counts. Additional studies areneeded to document an independent clinical benefit for GT in this patient population. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of previously unknown elevation of glycosylated hemoglobin in spine surgery patients and impact on length of stay and total cost
Authors: Walid M. Sami , Newman Brooke F. , Yelverton Joshua C. , Nutter Jonathan P. , Ajjan Mohammed , Robinson Joe Sam 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Elevated levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) among spine surgery patients may have an impact on length of stay (LOS) and healthcare cost.MATERIALS AND METHODS:We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 556 spine surgery patients who underwent 1 of 3 types of surgery: lumbar microdiscectomy (LMD), anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF), and lumbar decompression and fusion (LDF). Information was collected about their diabetes mellitus (DM) history and HbA1c levels. We used HbA1c 6.1% as the screening cutpoint. Percentages of nondiabetic patients, those with subclinical elevation of HbA1c and those with already known DM were calculated and statistical analysis was applied.RESULTS:After excluding the small group of well‐controlled DM (n = 14), 72.4% of patients were nondiabetic, 14.3% were subclinical patients with previously unknown HbA1c elevation, and 13.3% were already known, confirmed DM patients. There were significant differences in the LDF group between the “No DM” and “Subclinical” groups (P < 0.05) in terms of cost and LOS (P < 0.05). Age and body mass index (BMI) were very significant predictors of total cost in spine surgery patients (P ≤ 0.001), in addition to the type of surgery. Univariate analysis with age, BMI, or both as covariates deprived DM‐HbA1c status of statistical significance (P > 0.05) in determining cost.CONCLUSIONS:There is a significant segment of spine surgery patients who were unaware of their elevated HbA1c status before their preoperative visit. These patients seem to utilize more healthcare resources, which is especially evident in the LDF group. We believe that HbA1c should be considered in the routine preoperative workup of spine surgery patients. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:E10–E14. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Optimizing prevention of hospital‐acquired venous thromboembolism (VTE): Prospective validation of a VTE risk assessment model
Authors: Maynard Gregory A. , Morris Timothy A. , Jenkins Ian H. , Stone Sarah , Lee Joshua , Renvall Marian , Fink Ed , Schoenhaus Robert 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Hospital‐acquired (HA) venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common source of morbidity/mortality. Prophylactic measures are underutilized. Available risk assessment models/protocols are not prospectively validated.OBJECTIVES:Improve VTE prophylaxis, reduce HA VTE, and prospectively validate a VTE risk‐assessment model.DESIGN:Observational design.SETTING:Academic medical center.PATIENTS:Adult inpatients on medical/surgical services.INTERVENTIONS:A simple VTE risk assessment linked to a menu of preferred VTE prophylaxis methods, embedded in order sets. Education, audit/feedback, and concurrent identification of nonadherence.MEASUREMENTS:Randomly sampled inpatient audits determined the percent of patients with “adequate” VTE prevention. HA VTE cases were identified concurrently via digital imaging system. Interobserver agreement for VTE risk level and judgment of adequate prophylaxis were calculated from 150 random audits.RESULTS:Interobserver agreement with 5 observers was high (kappa score for VTE risk level = 0.81, and for judgment of “adequate” prophylaxis = 0.90). The percent of patients on adequate prophylaxis improved each of the 3 years (58%, 78%, and 93%; P < 0.001) and reached 98% in the last 6 months of 2007; 361 cases of HA VTE occurred over 3 years. Significant reductions for the risk of HA VTE (risk ratio [RR] = 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.47‐0.79) and preventable HA VTE (RR = 0.14; 95% CI = 0.06‐0.31) occurred. We detected no increase in heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) or prophylaxis‐related bleeding using administrative data/chart review.CONCLUSIONS:We prospectively validated a VTE risk‐assessment/prevention protocol by demonstrating ease of use, good interobserver agreement, and effectiveness. Improved VTE prophylaxis resulted in a substantial reduction in HA VTE. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:10–18. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.