bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dabigatran Etexilate: A Novel Oral Thrombin Inhibitor for Thromboembolic Disease
Authors: Bovio Jessica A , Smith Steven M , Gums John G 
Published: May 2011

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dabigatran etexilate, approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in October 2010 for the prevention of cardioembolic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation; potential off-label use is treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolic disorders. Data Sources: Literature was accessed through MEDLINE (1977-April 2011) and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1977-April 2011) using the terms dabigatran, dabigatran etexilate, BIBR 1048, direct thrombin inhibitor, anticoagulant, and thromboembolism. In addition, US government Web sites, including clinicaltrials.gov and fda.gov, were reviewed for pertinent information. Lastly, reference citations from publications identified in the initial search were reviewed. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All English-language articles identified from the data sources were evaluated. For the evaluation of clinical efficacy and safety, only Phase 2 and 3 studies are included in this review. Data Synthesis: In 6 published Phase 3 trials to date, dabigatran has exhibited a similar efficacy and safety profile to that of comparator drugs, including dose-adjusted warfarin and enoxaparin, at various dosages. In the largest of these trials, RE-LY (Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulation Therapy), dabigatran was at least as effective as dose-adjusted warfarin in reducing stroke or systemic embolism. Overall bleeding risks were similar; however, dabigatran may be associated with a lower incidence of intracranial bleeding and hemorrhagic stroke but a higher incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding. Although dabigatran is not approved for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention or treatment, results of the RE-MODEL and RENOVATE trials suggest similar efficacy to once-daily dosing of enoxaparin 40 mg but inferior efficacy to the FDA-approved twice-daily dosing of enoxaparin 30 mg in the RE-MOBILIZE trial. Conclusions: Dabigatran is an effective and safe alternative to oral vitamin K antagonists for stroke prevention in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, with fewer drug interactions and monitoring requirements. Additionally, dabigatran may be a viable alternative to enoxaparin in VTE prevention and warfarin in VTE treatment, although current trial data are limited.
Extended-Infusion Eptifibatide to Prevent Stent Thrombosis in a Patient Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Lizza Bryan D , Kauflin Matthew J 
Published: May 2011

Objective: To report the use of extended-infusion eptifibatide in a patient who had undergone placement of a drug-eluting stent and required repeat intervention of a hip fracture following mechanical failure. Case Summary: An 82-year-old female with an extensive history of coronary disease who had undergone placement of a drug-eluting stent was admitted following continued problems with her surgically repaired right hip. Radiographic imaging of the area revealed mechanical failure of the surgically repaired hip, requiring intervention. Clopidogrel and aspirin therapy was discontinued and intravenous eptifibatide 1 μg/kg/min was initiated prior to surgery; the drugs were then discontinued 4 hours before the procedure. During this admission, the patient received a total of 155 hours of eptifibatide to prevent acute coronary stent thrombosis white awaiting surgical intervention. Postoperatively, the patient experienced anemia and severe thrombocytopenia and required 11 units of packed red blood cells, but displayed no signs of stent thrombosis. Discussion: Use of eptifibatide in this patient minimized the potential risk for stent thrombosis by reducing the interruption in antiplatelet therapy from 5 days, as is recommended for use with clopidogrel, to 4 hours. While this patient required several transfusions and experienced severe thrombocytopenia postoperatively, she recovered and had no cardiac-related problems. It is unclear whether the use of eptifibatide contributed to these complications, given the chronology of events. Conclusions: Extended-infusion eptifibatide appears to be an option for prevention of stent thrombosis in patients who require an interruption in antiplatelet therapy and are scheduled to undergo major orthopedic procedures. Careful consideration should be given regarding the risks and benefits of extended infusions of eptifibatide, as the potential for significant hemorrhage is a concern. Further research is warranted in this area.
Current Treatment Strategies for Clozapine-Induced Sialorrhea
Authors: Bird Angela M , Smith Tawny L , Walton Amy E 
Published: May 2011

Objective: To provide an understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and current treatment options for clozapine-induced sialorrhea. Data Sources: Literature was retrieved through MEDLINE (1977-February 2011) using the key search terms clozapine, sialorrhea, hypersalivation, drooling, and treatment. In addition, reference citations from identified publications were reviewed. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All articles published in English identified from the data source were evaluated and included in the review. Data Synthesis: Sialorrhea is a common and disabling adverse effect of clozapine use. Current treatment options include topical and oral antimuscarinic medications and α-adrenergic agents. New areas of investigation include glycopyrrolate, botulinum toxin, and substitute benzamide derivatives. Thirteen clinical trials (2 retrospective, 5 open-label, 6 double-blind) and 13 case reports were reviewed. Overall, there are weak data on use of antimuscarinic agents, consisting mostly of small open-label or retrospective studies. Glycopyrrolate, however, demonstrated significant reduction of hypersalivation in a randomized controlled trial. Medications with activity at α-adrenergic receptors have shown positive results in case reports, retrospective evaluations, and an open-label trial, but have not been investigated in a double-blind, controlled fashion. Botulinum toxin also significantly improved sialorrhea in both a case report and double-blind study, although the trial included hypersalivation from other etiologies in addition to clozapine. Substitute benzamide derivatives have demonstrated significant improvements in randomized controlled trials; however, they are not available in the US. Overall, few treatment strategies have been evaluated in controlled settings, warranting further randomized controlled trials to identify more effective treatment options. Conclusions: Current pharmacologic treatment options for clozapine-induced sialorrhea are limited in number and efficacy. Although few randomized controlled trials have been conducted, this review identifies potential treatment alternatives for this common and sometimes severe adverse effect.
Pancreatic Enzyme Products: Digesting the Changes
Authors: Giuliano Christopher A , Dehoorne-Smith Michelle L , Kale-Pradhan Pramodini B 
Published: May 2011

Objective: To review the pharmacology, dosage regimens, efficacy, and safety of currently marketed pancreatic enzyme products (PEPs). Data Sources: Studies were identified by PubMed (1966-January 2011), clintcaltrials.gov, fda.gov, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts. Search terms included pancreatic enzyme, lipase, Creon, Zenpep, Pancreaze, and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). Study Selection and Data Extraction: All human studies evaluating the efficacy of currently approved or potential PEPs were reviewed. Data Synthesis: PEPs are composed of porcine lipase, amylase, and protease and are used in patients with EPI secondary to cystic fibrosis, chronic pancreatitis, and pancreatectomy. In 1938, PEPs were exempted from the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 and never underwent a formal Food and Drug Administration (FDA) review process. In response to reports of treatment failures during product interchange, the FDA conducted a review of available PEP products. This review found a large variability of response between the unapproved PEP products, which resulted in the FDA requiring approval of all PEP products by April 2010. The 3 delayed-release, enteric-coated PEPs currently approved by the FDA (Creon, Zenpep, and Pancreaze) have demonstrated efficacy and safety in EPI secondary to cystic fibrosis. Creon has also demonstrated safety and efficacy in EPI secondary to chronic pancreatitis and pancreatectomy. Cost difference between the 3 products is minimal. Treatment-related adverse events in clinical studies for all PEPs were less than or similar to those with placebo. Conclusions: At this time, Creon is an appropriate first-line agent, as it has been approved for chronic pancreatitis, pancreatectomy, and cystic fibrosis.
Xylan deposition onto eucalypt pulp fibers during oxygen delignification
Authors: dos Santos Muguet Marcelo Coelho , Pedrazzi Cristiane , Colodette Jorge Luiz 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
A novel alternative was investigated for elevating the xylan content of eucalyptus pulp through xylan deposition in the course of the oxygen delignification stage. The pH in the range of 10–13 was the only variable evaluated, while the other variables were kept constant in a range similar to industrial practice. Xylans were obtained from unbleached and bleached eucalyptus pulps by cold caustic extraction (CCE), giving rise to brown xylan liquor (BXL) and white xylan liquor (WXL), respectively. The liquors were added to a commercial brown pulp during oxygen delignification. The xylan-enriched pulps were subsequently bleached to 90% ISO with the D(EP)D sequence, beaten in a PFI mill and evaluated for their physical and mechanical properties. Xylan deposition occurred at variable degrees depending upon the pH. Pulp bleachability was not impaired by WXL xylan deposition but was slightly negatively affected by BXL xylan. Pulp beatability was improved by both WXL and BXL xylan deposition. The deposited xylan was more stable across bleaching and beating with the WXL xylan than the BXL xylan deposits. At low energy consumption, the deposited xylan improved pulp physical and mechanical properties. Xylan extraction by CCE with subsequent deposition in the oxygen delignification is an interesting technique to manufacture eucalypt pulps of high xylan content. The potential for industrial application is high as no significant modification of current pulp mill installations is needed.
Alleviating fatigue and failure of NiTi endodontic files by a coating containing inorganic fullerene-like WS2 nanoparticles
Authors: Adini Adi Ram , Feldman Yishay , Cohen Sidney R. , Rapoport Lev , Moshkovich Alexey , Redlich Meir , Moshonov Joshua , Shay Boaz , Tenne Reshef 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Radiographic Analysis of a Transalveolar Sinus‐Lift Technique: A Multipractice Retrospective Study With a Mean Follow‐Up of 5 Years
Authors: Soardi Elisa , Cosci Ferdinando , Checchi Vittorio , Pellegrino Gerardo , Bozzoli Paolo , Felice Pietro 
Published: May 2011

Background: Various sinus‐lift techniques have been described in the literature. The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the efficacy of a transalveolar sinus‐lift technique in terms of implant survival, marginal bone loss, and complications.Methods: A total of 538 patient records were examined, and after applying exclusion and inclusion criteria, a sample of patients was included with a mean follow‐up of 5 years. Implants with a smooth or tapered surface were considered. Therefore, only sinus lifts with inorganic bovine bone matrix or demineralized bone matrix were included, and 1,536 periapical radiographs were analyzed. Outcome measures were implant success, implant failure (peri‐implantitis and loss of osseointegration), marginal bone resorption, and biologic complications (membrane perforations, sinusitis, and intraoperative and/or postoperative hemorrhage). Periapical radiographs were evaluated before surgery, post‐surgery, and after 6 months and 1, 3, and 5 years. We analyzed the residual crestal bone height under the sinus, the amount (mm) of height increase after surgery, and values of implant marginal bone resorption for considered follow‐ups.Results: Two hundred eighty‐two (282) patients were excluded. Therefore, 256 patients treated with the transalveolar sinus‐lift technique were included. A total of 376 dental implants and 323 sinus lifts were analyzed. The overall rates of implant success and failure were 94.9% and 5.1%, respectively. The mean bone loss around implants was 1.98 mm (mean follow‐up of 5 years). Patients treated with inorganic bovine bone matrix showed a better implant success rate (P = 0.03) than did patients treated with demineralized human matrix. Three Schneiderian membrane perforations occurred in the 323 sinus lifts. In these cases, the surgeon performed another surgical operation after 3 months. Postoperative complications were peri‐implantitis (six cases) and osseointegration losses (13 cases).Conclusions: The transalveolar sinus‐lift technique was a safe, minimally invasive technique with an implant success rate comparable to traditional implantology. The implant success rate was positively affected by the low‐resorption graft material, and a low bone‐resorption rate around implants was found.
Immediate Loading of Implants Placed With the Osteotome Technique: One‐Year Prospective Case Series
Authors: Koutouzis Theofilos , Koutouzis Giasemi , Tomasi Cristiano , Lundgren Tord 
Published: May 2011

Background: There is limited information regarding marginal bone‐level changes around immediately loaded implants placed with the osteotome technique. The aim of this case series is to prospectively evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcome of immediately loaded implants placed with the osteotome technique over a 12‐month period.Methods: Eighteen patients in need of oral prosthetic rehabilitation that included single implant placement in positions #4 to #13 and/or #20 to #29 participated in this prospective trial. A modified implant installation procedure with an under preparation of the implant bed using the osteotome technique and immediate loading of the implant was performed. Clinical examinations were performed at 2 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months of follow‐up. Radiographic examinations were performed at implant installation and at the 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up visits.Results: One implant failed to integrate and was removed at 3 months after implant installation. Four of 20 implants had insertion torque value >35 Ncm. The mean marginal bone loss was ‐0.09 mm at the 6‐month and ‐0.19 mm at the 12‐month follow‐up visits.Conclusion: The present case series indicates that implants placed with the osteotome technique and immediately loaded did not demonstrate a high insertion torque and exhibited minimal marginal bone loss.
Gingival Blood Glucose Estimation With Reagent Test Strips: A Method to Detect Diabetes in a Periodontal Population
Authors: Shetty Shreya , Kohad Ramesh , Yeltiwar Ramreddy , Shetty Karunakar 
Published: May 2011

Background: Periodontal disease is considered the sixth complication of diabetes. Therefore, as a foremost responsibility of the periodontist, the present study was carried out to screen an unsuspecting periodontal population for the presence of diabetes with the help of gingival blood glucose and reagent test strips.Methods: A total of 356 patients with no known medical history of diabetes visiting the outpatient Department of Periodontics, at the Government Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India, were divided into 3 groups: group 1 included patients with a healthy periodontium; group 2, patients with gingivitis; and group 3, patients with periodontitis. Gingival blood, formed by puncturing the interdental papilla of the upper anterior teeth with a lancet, was allowed to fall onto a test reagent strip, where the color change was noted, and corresponding glucose values recorded. Patients with glucose values >120 gm% (per manufacturer provided chart) were sent for glucose tolerance tests to confirm their glycemic status. Patients with abnormal glucose tolerance values were further referred to a physician for the confirmation of diabetes.Results: Diabetes was detected in 19.1% of the survey population, of which 3.9% of patients belonged to group 1, 7.8% of patients belonged to group 2, and 7.3% of patients belonged to group 3. Diabetes was detected in 40.8% of patients with hyperglycemia, of which 8.4% of patients belonged to group 1, 16.8% of patients belonged to group 2, and 15.6% of patients belonged to group 3. A total of 10.11% of the survey population who tested positive for diabetes were females and 8.99% were males.Conclusions: The use of reagent strips for the estimation of gingival blood glucose seemed to be a suitable option for the screening of an unsuspecting periodontal population for the presence of diabetes; however, additional studies in a larger population are needed to confirm their suitability.
Non‐Carious Cervical Lesions Associated With Gingival Recessions: A Decision‐Making Process
Authors: Zucchelli Giovanni , Gori Guido , Mele Monica , Stefanini Martina , Mazzotti Claudio , Marzadori Matteo , Montebugnoli Lucio , De Sanctis Massimo 
Published: May 2011

Background: A method to predetermine the maximum root coverage level (MRC) was recently demonstrated to be reliable in predicting the position of the soft tissue margin after root coverage surgery. The aim of the present study is to suggest a decision‐making process for treating non‐carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) associated with gingival recessions based upon the topographic relationship between the MRC and NCCL and to assess patient and independent‐periodontist esthetic evaluations.Methods: Five treatments were performed in 94 patients with NCCLs associated with a single gingival recession: 1) coronally advanced flap (CAF); 2) bilaminar procedure; 3) coronal odontoplasty plus restoration plus root odontoplasty plus CAF; 4) restoration plus CAF; and 5) restorative therapy. Clinical and esthetic evaluations made by the patient and an independent periodontist were done 1 year after treatments.Results: The satisfaction of the patient and periodontist with esthetics was very high in all NCCL treatments and Miller Class gingival recessions. The patient satisfaction and evaluation of root coverage and the periodontist evaluation of root coverage were statistically correlated with color‐match evaluations and not with the amount of root coverage clinically achieved in each patient.Conclusion: The proposed approaches provided good esthetic appearance and correct emergence profile for the great majority of NCCLs associated with gingival recessions.
Reliability of the integrated radiograph-photograph method to obtain natural head position in cephalometric diagnosis
Authors: Dvortsin Dima P. , Ye Qingsong , Pruim Gerard J. , Dijkstra Pieter U. , Ren Yijin 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjective:To introduce a simple and reliable method to reorient lateral radiographs to the natural head position (NHP) according to standardized photographs made at NHP.Material and Methods:The study has two parts. In the first part, 45 patients were randomly selected from a patient cohort. Photographs (at NHP) and cephalograms from each patient were taken and assessed in two sessions by two observers. The time between the first and the second session was 5 weeks. The repeatability of profile measurements on cephalograms compared with standardized photographs of the same patient was determined; in the second part, the repeatability of three superimposing protocols (ie, the soft tissue N/subnasale line [V-line], the esthetic line [E-line], and a proposed nose best fit line [N-line]) was compared for the reorientation of the cephalogram according to the photographs made at the NHP.Results:Our results showed that the integration of radiographs and photographs is an objective and reliable method to obtain NHP in lateral cephalograms. The N-line is a reproducible and stable reference line for the reorientation of radiographs to obtain NHP.Conclusion:Reorientation of radiographs according to standardized photographs made at the NHP is a reliable and objective method to standardize the radiographs at the NHP for cephalometric analysis. The N-line is a reproducible and stable reference line for the reorientation. It is preferred over the V-line or even E-line, especially when the radiographs and photographs are taken at different sessions or at different treatment stages.
Comparative analysis of long-term biofilm formation on metal and ceramic brackets
Authors: Lindel Ira Dewi , Elter Cornelius , Heuer Wieland , Heidenblut Torsten , Stiesch Meike , Schwestka-Polly Rainer , Demling Anton Phillip 
Published: May 2011

Abstract

Objective:
To test the null hypothesis that stainless steel and ceramic brackets show no differences in biofilm adhesion.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty adolescents (6 boys, 14 girls) who had received fixed orthodontic therapy for 18.9 ± 3.2 months were divided into a metal and a ceramic bracket group. Thirty brackets per group were taken from central incisors, canines, and second premolars and quantitatively analyzed for biofilm coverage with the Rutherford backscattering detection method. Five micrographs were obtained per bracket with views from the buccal, mesial, distal, gingival, and occlusal aspects, resulting in a total of 300 images. Biofilm formation between groups was compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test (α  =  .05).

Results:
Total biofilm formation was 12.5% ± 5.7% (3.3 ± 1.6 mm2) of the surface on metal and 5.6% ± 2.4% (1.5 ± 0.6 mm2) on ceramic brackets. Differences between groups were statistically significant (P &lt; .05). A pairwise comparison of biofilm formation revealed significantly lower biofilm formation on ceramic brackets with respect to intraoral location (central incisor, canine, second premolar) and bracket surface (buccal, mesial, distal).

Conclusions:
The hypothesis was rejected. The results indicate that ceramic brackets exhibit less long-term biofilm accumulation than metal brackets.
Self-perceived health and psychological well-being among Serbian schoolchildren and adolescents: data from National Health Survey
Authors: Jovic-Vranes Aleksandra , Jankovic Janko , Vasic Vladimir , Jankovic Slavenka 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The purpose was to determinate possible factors associated with psychosocial health through self-perceived health and psychological well-being among Serbian schoolchildren and adolescents. A cross-sectional study. The study is based on the 2006 National Health Survey of the population of Serbia. A total of 2,721 schoolchildren and adolescents were included. Face-to-face questionnaire and self-administered questionnaire were used for collection of data. For the assessment of psychosocial health we created two indicators (varibles): Self perceived health (using the categorical principal components), and Psychological well-being (using reliability analisys). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coeficient and categorical regression. Self-perceived health was found to have a positive association with gender, age, objective and subjective socioeconomic status. Psychological well-being was associated with gender, age, social support, objective and subjective socioeconomic status. Age group was strongly associated with self-perceived health and psychological well-being. Older respondents and female perceived their health to be better than others. Male and respondents in age group 7–11 had higher levels of psychological well-being. Results show that both demographic and socioeconomic variables have an important influence on schoolchildren and adolescent self-perceived health and psychological well-being.