bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Human Bone Response to Laser Metal Sintering Surface Topography: A Histologic Report
Authors: Mangano Carlo , Piattelli Adriano , d'Avila Susana , Iezzi Giovanna , Mangano Francesco , Onuma Tatiana , Shibli Jamil Awad 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis histologic report evaluated the early human bone response to a direct laser metal sintering implant surface retrieved after a short period of healing. A selective laser sintering procedure using a Ti-6Al-4V alloy powder with a particle size of 25–45 µm prepared this surface topography. One experimental microimplant was inserted into the anterior mandible of a patient during conventional implant surgery of the jaw. The microimplant and surrounding tissues were removed after 2 months of unloaded healing and were prepared for histomorphometric analysis. Histologically, the peri-implant bone appeared in close contact with the implant surface, whereas marrow spaces could be detected in other areas along with prominently stained cement lines. The mean of bone-to-implant contact was 69.51%. The results of this histologic report suggest that the laser metal sintering surface could be a promising alternative to conventional implant surface topographies.
Advanced Glycation Endproducts and Rat Dental Implant Osseointegration
Authors: Quintero David G. , Winger Julia N. , Khashaba Rania , Borke James L. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) are a diverse group of molecular adducts formed in environments high in reducing sugars that accumulate with aging and in diabetes. This study tests the hypothesis that AGEs inhibit the stabile osseointegration of dental implants through tissue interactions that interfere with bone turnover and compromise the biomechanical properties at the bone-implant interface. Maxillary first molars were extracted from 32 rats and allowed to heal for 4 weeks. Titanium implants (1 mm × 3 mm) were placed in the healed sockets of 2 groups of 16 rats consisting of 8 rats injected 3 times/wk for 1 month with AGE (prepared from glucose and lysine) and 8 rats injected with vehicle as a control. AGE injections continued for an additional 14 or 28 days before sacrifice. X-ray images, blood, and tissues were collected to examine bone/implant contact ratio, serum pyridinoline ([PYD] a collagen breakdown marker), osteocalcin ([OSC] a bone formation marker), and for immunohistochemistry with antibodies to AGE and the bone turnover-marker protein matrix metalloproteinase1. Compared with the AGE-treated groups, the controls showed significantly higher bone/implant contact at both 14- and 28-day time points. PYD (P &lt; .05) and OSC (trend) levels from controls showed decreases at 28 days when compared with AGE-treated groups. Immunohistochemistry with AGE-specific and bone turnover marker antibodies showed stronger staining associated with the implant/tissue interface in AGE-treated rats. Our studies indicate an association between AGE and inhibition of bone turnover, suggesting that the formation of AGE in high glycemic conditions, such as diabetes, may contribute to a slower rate of osseointegration that negatively affects implant stability.
Free Gingival Graft Immobilization: A Pilot Study on a Newly Designed Stent
Authors: Hassani Ali , Sadrimanesh Roozbeh , Vahdati Seyed Aliakbar , Sadr-eshkevari Pooyan 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe presence of adequate gingiva with firm attachment to the underlying periosteum and bone is important for the overall long-term success of implant-supported oral rehabilitation. In the presence of an atrophic edentulous mandible, peri-implant soft tissue management is a challenging task. Therefore, mucosal grafts are sometimes necessary in patients with insufficient attached gingiva around abutments. Immobilization of this graft is mandatory for its survival. The study design included 5 edentulous patients with inadequate attached gingival zone, all candidates for implant surgery and free gingival graft. In the first surgery the implants were inserted, and in the second operation a free gingival graft was obtained from the palate and sutured to the mandibular site. A newly designed stent was applied for the stabilization of the graft. Two to 3 weeks after the second surgery, the stents were removed and the attached gingival width was measured. Long-term evaluations were performed to follow the survival of the graft. All grafts were intact at the time of stent removal. In all cases, the long-term evaluations revealed adequate attached gingiva around the implant. It may be concluded that immobilization of free gingival graft in the recipient site increases its success rate and its survival rate. The application of the newly designed stent can serve as a proper and easy immobilizer for peri-implant soft tissue management.
Immediate Placement of Dental Implants Into Fresh Extraction Socket in the Maxillary Anterior Region: A Case Report
Authors: Park Jun-Beom 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The loss of the buccal alveolar plate following tooth extraction in the maxillary anterior may lead to palatal implant positioning with esthetic complications. Immediate placement of dental implants has been suggested because it may preclude dramatic postextraction bone loss. In this report, the harmony of soft and hard tissue was achieved by immediate implant placement with bone augmentation in an esthetically challenging situation.
Amount of Bone Lengthening Affects Blood Flow Recovery and Bone Mineralization after Distraction Osteogenesis in a Canine Cleft Palate Model
Authors: Aoki Asato , Kawamoto Tatsuo , Aoki Kazuhiro , Inokuchi Takato , Kudoh Atsuo , Nagahama Kouhei , Baba Yoshiyuki , Suzuki Syouichi , Ohya Keiichi , Moriyama Keiji 
Published: April 2010

Objectives Distraction osteogenesis has been applied to the craniofacial region. To reduce the cleft width of patients with cleft lip and palate, alveolar bones are distracted toward the cleft. However, no reports have described limitations to the amount of lengthening that can be achieved by distraction osteogenesis in this area. Therefore, we investigated the healing process following different extents of distraction osteogenesis using a canine cleft palate model. Methods A 10-mm bone defect was made in the palates. A bony segment including the canine was prepared and translocated into the defect area at a rate of 1 mm/d for 6 or 10 days, resulting in two groups (6- and 10-mm groups). Canine pulpal blood flow was monitored for 100 days with Doppler flowmetry. Then, the animals were sacrificed and the regenerated bone area was evaluated radiologically and histologically. Statistical significance was confirmed with the Mann-Whitney rank test. Results Pulpal blood flow in the 6-mm group recovered to original levels earlier than in the 10-mm group. Cortical bone density in the regenerated bone, measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography, was significantly greater in the 6-mm group than in the 10-mm group. The amount of regenerated bone in histologic sections was also significantly greater in the 6-mm group. Conclusion We clearly showed that healing progress depends on the extent of distraction osteogenesis, highlighting the importance of limited distraction osteogenesis in the alveolar area.
Craniofacial Morphology in Children of Mothers with the m.3243A>G Mutation in Mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Pihlajaniemi Taija L. , Pirttiniemi Pertti , Uusimaa Johanna , Majamaa Kari 
Published: April 2010

Objective To describe craniofacial morphology in children from families with the mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome. Design Transversal prospective case-control study from a tertiary center. Subjects Nine children (five girls, four boys; aged 7.5 to 15.3 years) of mothers with m.3243A>G mutation in mitochondrial DNA and 36 age- and sex-matched healthy children as controls. Methods Seventy-three cephalometric variables representing craniofacial and dental features were analyzed in lateral radiographs. The statistical dependence caused by intrafamilial correlation was taken into account by using a two-level analysis of variance model that was fitted to the data using SAS procedure MIXED. Results The frontal bone was thicker and the frontal sinus, mandibular symphysis width, and lower posterior face height were larger in the subjects than in the controls. Upper incisors were more labially inclined, and the interincisal angle was smaller in subjects than in the control children. Conclusions Differences were found in craniofacial structures between the children of mothers with m.3243A>G and unaffected children. Differences in the upper incisor inclination, mandibular symphysis width, and lower posterior face height suggest an altered mandibular growth pattern in the subjects. In addition, the children had cranial aberrations such as larger frontal sinuses and the thicker frontal bone.
Tooth Abnormalities of Number and Position in the Permanent Dentition of Patients with Complete Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Tereza Guida Paola Genovez , Carrara Cleide Fehcio De Carvalho , Costa Beatriz 
Published: April 2010

Objective To radiographically evaluate the prevalence of tooth abnormalities of number and position in the permanent dentition of individuals with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate. Design Cross-sectional retrospective. Setting Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil. Patients Two hundred five individuals with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate. Interventions Analysis of patient records and panoramic radiographs. Main outcome measures Evaluation of hypodontia and supernumerary teeth and analysis of the position of the permanent maxillary lateral incisor in relation to the alveolar cleft. Results Hypodontia was observed in 144 patients (70.2%), and the highest prevalence was observed for the maxillary lateral incisor. When both lateral incisors were present (43%), they were primarily located on the distal side of the cleft (25%). Supernumerary teeth were observed in 11.7% of individuals. Conclusion Patients with cleft lip and palate presented high prevalence of hypodontia and supernumerary teeth. The prevailing characteristics of their location may suggest the presence of a similar genetic component for the occurrence of hypodontia and cleft.
Clinical Features of the Microform Cleft Lip and the Ultrastructural Characteristics of the Orbicularis Oris Muscle
Authors: Kim Eun Key , Khang Shin Kwang , Lee Taik Jong , Kim Tae Gon 
Published: April 2010

Objective To clarify the clinical features of the microform cleft lip and to establish the ultrastructural characteristics of the orbicularis muscle. Design Clinical observations of the characteristic deformities and associated anomalies were made. Muscle biopsies were harvested for histologic and ultrastructural analyses. Patients Seventy-one consecutive patients with microform cleft lip were included in the study. Muscle biopsies were investigated in 11 patients among them. Results Nasal deformity, a ridge or a groove from the vermilion to the nostril sill, and interruption of the “white roll” were present in all patients. Lack of a philtral column and a free border notch was observed in over 97% of patients. The orbicularis muscle demonstrated hypoplastic myofibers with nonneurogenic atrophy and focal accumulation of subsarcolemmal mitochondria. Conclusion The typical gross morphology of the microform cleft lip is a surface manifestation of muscular defect, and the disruption of the muscle further extends down to the ultrastructural level. The clinical features, taken together with the ultrastructural defects of the musculature, might help with a more precise delineation of the microform cleft lip, and provide better understanding of cleft lip in general.
Craniofacial Morphology in Patients with Velocardiofacial Syndrome
Authors: Dalben Gisele Da Silva , Richieri-Costa Antonio , Taveira Luís Antônio De Assis 
Published: April 2010

Objective To compare cephalometric measurements of patients with and without velocardiofacial syndrome. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Public tertiary craniofacial center. Subjects Lateral cephalograms of 18 patients with velocardiofacial syndrome and 18 controls without morphofunctional alterations, matched for gender and age; all cephalograms were obtained before orthodontic intervention. Main Outcome Measures The cephalograms were manually traced and digitized for the achievement of linear and angular measurements. Results Individuals with velocardiofacial syndrome presented a reduced length of the skull base, retrusion of nasal bones, reduced posterior height of the maxilla, increased gonial angle, increased interincisal angle, greater lingual inclination of the mandibular incisors, reduced nasolabial angle, and reduced nasal depth compared with the control group. Conclusions Patients with velocardiofacial syndrome presented morphological differences compared with individuals without morphofunctional alterations, which might be considered in the evaluation of patients with suspected diagnosis of the syndrome, as well as for the establishment of treatment protocols adequate to their needs. The present findings did not support the hypothesis of differences in pharyngeal dimensions mentioned by other authors, suggesting that the velopharyngeal insufficiency in these patients may be caused by functional alterations rather than by anatomical differences.
Quality of Life among Children with Velocardiofacial Syndrome
Authors: Looman Wendy S. , Thurmes Anna K. , O'conner-Von Susan K. 
Published: April 2010

Objective To explore the health-related quality of life (QoL) among children with velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS) and to compare QoL by gender and with samples of chronically ill and healthy children. Design and Setting Cross-sectional design, comparing data obtained from a survey of parents of children with VCFS to previously published data from comparison groups of children who are healthy or who have other chronic conditions. Participants Parents of 45 children aged 2 to 18 years with VCFS participated in this study. Results were compared with published data on the same measures from samples of parents of healthy children (n = 10,343) and children with a variety of chronic conditions (n = 683). Main Outcome Measures Quality of life, including fatigue, was measured using the PedsQL™ Measurement Model. Strengths were assessed by parent report from a list of character traits developed from the Values in Action Classification System. Results Quality of life was lower across all domains compared with healthy children. Boys with VCFS scored significantly lower than girls on school functioning ( p < .05) and cognitive fatigue ( p < .01). Compared with children with chronic conditions, children with VCFS scored lower on emotional ( p < .01), social ( p < .01), and school functioning ( p < .001) but not on physical health. Parents described their children's strengths as humor, caring, kindness, persistence, and enthusiasm. Conclusions Quality of life among children with VCFS is characterized by significant challenges in the cognitive, social, and emotional domains. These children have strengths that may be useful in coping with the daily challenges of this condition.
Objective Assessment of the Nasal Airway in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate—A Long-Term Study
Authors: Mani Maria , Morén Staffan , Thorvardsson Ornolfur , Jakobsson Olafur , Skoog Valdemar , Holmström Mats 
Published: April 2010

Objective To objectively evaluate the nasal function in adults operated on for unilateral cleft lip and palate with one-stage or two-stage palate closure. Design The population consists of all unilateral cleft lip and palate patients born from 1960 to 1987 and treated at the Cleft Lip and Palate Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden. The patients were treated according to the same protocol except for palate closure, which was performed in one stage until 1977 and in two stages thereafter. Eighty-three patients participated. Mean follow-up time after primary surgery was 32 years. An age-matched control group underwent the same examinations. Main Outcome Measures Nasal minimum cross-sectional area (cm2) and volume (cm3) were assessed (acoustic rhinometry). Airflow resistance (Pa s/cm3) (rhinomanometry), peak inspiratory flow (L/min) (peak nasal inspiratory flow), and number of identified odors (Scandinavian Odor Identification Test) were determined. Results The cleft side of unilateral cleft lip and palate patients had significantly lower values for all parameters compared with controls (p < .001). No difference was found between one-stage and two-stage procedures in values for the cleft side. However, the nasal area and volume of the noncleft side were significantly larger in patients who underwent one-stage as compared with two-stage procedures (p < .05). Conclusion The nasal airway of unilateral cleft lip and palate patients demonstrates a wide range of impairments that can be quantified by objective measurements. However, the measurements used did not differentiate between patients operated on with the one-stage and two-stage procedures except for values of the noncleft side.
Nitrogen dynamics in a small arctic watershed: retention and downhill movement of15N
Authors: Yano Yuriko , Shaver Gaius R. , Giblin Anne E. , Rastetter Edward B. , Nadelhoffer Knute J. 
Published: April 2010

We examined short‐ and long‐term nitrogen (N) dynamics and availability along an arctic hillslope in Alaska, USA, using a stable isotope of nitrogen (15N), as a tracer. Tracer levels of15NH4+were sprayed once onto the tundra at six sites in four tundra types: heath (crest), tussock with high and low water flux (mid‐ and footslope), and wet sedge (riparian).15N in vegetation and soil was monitored to estimate retention and loss over a 3‐year period.Nearly all15NH4+was immediately retained in the surface moss–detritus–plant layer, and >57% of the15N added remained in this layer at the end of the second year. Organic soil was the second largest15N sink. By the end of the third growing season, the moss–detritus–plant layer and organic soil combined retained ≥87% of the15N added except at the Midslope site with high water flux, where recovery declined to 68%. At all sites, non‐extractable and non‐labile‐N pools were the principal sinks for added15N in the organic soil.Hydrology played an important role in downslope movement of dissolved15N. Crest and Midslope with high‐water‐flux sites were most susceptible to15N losses via leaching, perhaps because of deep permeable mineral soil (crest) and high water flow (Midslope with high water flux). Late spring melt season also resulted in downslope dissolved‐15N losses, perhaps because of an asynchrony between N release into melt water and soil immobilization capacity. We conclude that separation of the rooting zone from the strong sink for incoming N in the moss–detritus–plant layer, rapid incorporation of new N into relatively recalcitrant‐soil‐N pools within the rooting zone, and leaching loss from the upper hillslope would all contribute to the strong N‐limitation of this ecosystem. An extended snow‐free season and deeper depth of thaw under warmer climate may significantly alter current N dynamics in this arctic ecosystem.
Using DNA to assess errors in tropical tree identifications: How often are ecologists wrong and when does it matter?
Authors: Dexter Kyle G. , Pennington Terence D. , Cunningham Clifford W. 
Published: April 2010

Ecological surveys of tropical tree communities have provided an important source of data to study the forces that generate and maintain tropical diversity. Accurate species identification is central to these studies. Incorrect lumping or splitting of species will distort results, which may in turn affect conclusions. Although ecologists often work with taxonomists, they likely make some identification errors. This is because most trees encountered in the field are not reproductive and must be identified using vegetative characters, while most species descriptions rely on fruit and flower characters. Because every tree has DNA, ecological surveys can incorporate molecular approaches to enhance accuracy. This study reports an extensive ecological and molecular survey of nearly 4000 trees belonging to 55 species in the tree genus Inga (Fabaceae). These trees were sampled in 25 community surveys in the southwestern Amazon. In a process of reciprocal illumination, trees were first identified to species using vegetative characters, and these identifications were revised using phylogenies derived from nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences.We next evaluated the effects of these revised species counts upon analyses often used to assess ecological neutral theory. The most common morphological identification errors involved incorrectly splitting rare morphological variants of common species and incorrectly lumping geographically segregated, morphologically similar species. Total error rates were significant (6.8–7.6% of all individuals) and had a measurable impact on ecological analyses. The revised identifications increased support for spatially autocorrelated, potentially neutral factors in determining community composition. Nevertheless, the general conclusions of community‐level ecological analyses were robust to misidentifications. Ecological factors, such as soil composition, and potentially neutral factors, such as dispersal limitation, both play important roles in the assembly of Inga communities. In contrast, species‐level analyses of neutrality with respect to habitat were strongly impacted by identification errors. Although this study found errors in morphological identifications, there was also strong evidence that a purely molecular approach to species identification, such as DNA barcoding, would be prone to substantial errors. The greatest accuracy in ecological surveys will be obtained through a synthesis of traditional, morphological and modern, molecular approaches.
The Cave-Dwellers’ Treasure: Folktales, Morality, and Gender in a Nahua Community in Mexico
Authors: Raby Dominique 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
In Nahua communities, both men and women may act as storytellers, but female storytellers are fewer and perform in more intimate contexts. As a result, there is to date no analysis of female Nahua storytelling. In this article, the author compares two cognate folktales and underlines how each storyteller, a woman and a man, deal with essential concepts related to morality and supernatural beings. Recent studies on women’s folklore point out that women’s discourse often takes place in a private context and uses ambiguity as an expressive strategy; this ambiguity, in turn, is linked to the immorality or illegitimacy attributed to women’s words by many societies. The Nahua case, however, suggests that Nahua female storytellers, although performing privately, prefer a discourse that stresses themes of morality, while some publicly renowned male storytellers may express ambiguous and amoral feelings. Ultimately, this disparity can be tied to the ambivalent opinion Nahuas hold toward the Hispanic world and to recent changes in female identity.
A Sense of Place: Mapping Hawai’I on the National Mall
Authors: Diamond Heather A. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Site design is an essential but overlooked underpinning to the festival-making process at the Smithsonian Folklife Festival. Through effective layout, structures, and captioning, spatial strategies undergird a program concept and crystallize the interpretive frame for performance. This article traces the 1989 Hawai’i program’s site design from the initial concept to the preperformance stage. It examines the tension between hegemonic festival parameters and the organizers’ efforts to problematize colonially inflected narratives, and it argues that rather than being a passive backdrop for performance, the Hawai’i program site design was a discursive field rife with contradiction and conflict.