bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PURE TIME PREFERENCE
Authors: LOWRY ROSEMARY , PETERSON MARTIN 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPure time preference is a preference for something to come at one point in time rather than another merely because of when it occurs in time. In opposition to Sidgwick, Ramsey, Rawls, and Parfit we argue that it is not always irrational to be guided by pure time preferences. We argue that even if the mere difference of location in time is not a rational ground for a preference, time may nevertheless be a normatively neutral ground for a preference, and this makes it plausible to claim that the preference is rationally permitted.
In vitro properties of platelets stored in three different additive solutions
Authors: Tynngård Nahreen , Trinks Marie , Berlin Gösta 
Published: November 2011

BACKGROUND: New platelet (PLT) additive solutions (PASs) contain compounds that might improve the storage conditions for PLTs. This study compares the in vitro function, including hemostatic properties (clot formation and elasticity), of PLTs in T‐Sol, Composol, or SSP+ during storage for 5 days.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Fifteen buffy coats were pooled and divided into three parts. PLT concentrates (PCs) with 30% plasma and 70% PAS (T‐Sol, Composol, or SSP+) were prepared (n = 10). Swirling, PLT count, blood gases, metabolic variables, PLT activation markers, and coagulation by free oscillation rheometry (FOR) were analyzed on Days 1 and 5.RESULTS: Swirling was well preserved and pH acceptable (6.4‐7.4) during storage for all PASs. Storage of PLTs in T‐Sol led to a decrease in PLT count whereas the number of PLTs was unchanged in Composol or SSP+ PCs. PLTs in T‐Sol showed higher glucose metabolism than PLTs in Composol or in SSP+. At the end of storage PLTs in T‐Sol had higher spontaneous activation and lower ability to respond to an agonist than PLTs in Composol or SSP+. PLTs in all the PASs had a similar ability to promote clot formation and clot elasticity.CONCLUSION: Storage of PLTs in Composol or in SSP+ improved the quality of PCs in terms of better maintained PLT count, lower glucose metabolism, lower spontaneous activation, and improved response to a PLT agonist compared to PLTs in T‐Sol. PLTs stored in the various PASs had similar hemostatic properties. These findings make Composol and SSP+ interesting alternatives as PASs.
Relationships and Inflammation across the Lifespan: Social Developmental Pathways to Disease
Authors: Fagundes Christopher P. , Bennett Jeanette M. , Derry Heather M. , Kiecolt‐Glaser Janice K. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThere are well documented links between close relationships and physical health, such that those who have supportive close relationships have lower rates of morbidity and mortality compared to those who do not. Inflammation is one mechanism that may help to explain this link. Chronically high levels of inflammation predict disease. Across the lifespan, people who have supportive close relationships have lower levels of systemic inflammation compared to people who have cold, unsupportive, and conflict‐ridden relationships. Not only are current relationships associated with inflammation, but past relationships are as well. In this article, we will first review the literature linking current close relationships across the lifespan to inflammation. We will then explore recent work showing troubled past relationships also have lasting consequences for people’s inflammatory levels. Finally, we will explore developmental pathways that may explain these findings.
From Pink Frilly Dresses to ‘One of the Boys’: A Social‐Cognitive Analysis of Gender Identity Development and Gender Bias
Authors: Halim May Ling , Ruble Diane N. , Amodio David M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn middle childhood, many girls go through a curious metamorphosis, in which their earlier embrace of all‐things‐feminine appears to transform into an identity as a tomboy. We believe this striking shift, observed in girls but not boys, signifies a critical development in children’s socio‐cognitive functioning, with implications for their understanding of gender as it relates to their identity and their social relationships. In this article, we review the evidence for this identity shift and present a theoretical account that integrates ideas from social cognition and social development. We argue that this identity shift involves the emergence of public regard and status awareness, with concurrent increases in the complexity with which knowledge associated with gender categories is represented in the mind. We then posit that these changes have important implications for the developmental trajectory of implicit and explicit gender attitudes and stereotypes, and we present a set of predictions generated by our theoretical analysis.
History of Medicine: Health, Medicine and Disease in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: ANDREWS JONATHAN 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis article surveys anglophone scholarship in the history of medicine over the past decade or so. It selectively identifies and critically evaluates key themes and trends in the field. It discusses the emergence of the discipline from a period of directional crisis to more recent emphasis on a pluralistic and ‘bigger‐picture’ agenda, on comparative, cross‐disciplinary and multicultural approaches, and on the reorientation and (putative) broadening out of medical history towards wider public engagement and closer interface with medical humanities.
Sub‐Saharan Africa: Jihads, Slave Trade and Early Colonialism in the Long Eighteenth Century
Authors: CANDIDO MARIANA P. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis study explores the meaning of the eighteenth century for sub‐Saharan African historiography. The period is understood as an extension of changes initiated with the collapse in 1591 of the West African Songhay empire and the presence of the Portuguese on the coast of West Central Africa at the end of the fifteenth century. The end of the long eighteenth century is delimited by the British occupation of Cape Colony, the end of the British slave trade and the jihads in central Sudan. This long eighteenth century is marked by the transatlantic slave trade and its effects on African societies.
Comprehensive Intravascular Ultrasound Assessment of Stent Area and Its Impact on Restenosis and Adverse Cardiac Events in 403 Patients With Unprotected Left Main Disease
Authors: Kang Soo-Jin , Ahn Jung-Min , Song Haegeun , Kim Won-Jang , Lee Jong-Young , Park Duk-Woo , Yun Sung-Cheol , Lee Seung-Whan , Kim Young-Hak , Lee Cheol Whan , Mintz Gary S. , Park Seong-Wook , Park Seung-Jung 
Published: November 2011

Background—
We assessed the optimal intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) stent area to predict angiographic in-stent restenosis (ISR) after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation for unprotected left main coronary artery (LM) disease.

Methods and Results—

A total of 403 patients treated with single- or 2-stent strategies (crushing and T-stent) had immediate poststenting IVUS and 9-month follow-up angiography. Poststenting minimal stent area (MSA) was measured in each of 4 segments: ostial left anterior descending (LAD), ostial left circumflex (LCX) polygon of confluence (POC, confluence zone of LAD and LCX), and proximal LM above the POC. Overall, 46 (11.4%) showed angiographic restenosis at 9 months: 3 of 67 (4.5%) nonbifurcation lesions treated with a single-stent, 14 of 222 (6.3%) bifurcation lesions treated with single-stent crossover, and 29 of 114 (25.4%) of bifurcation lesions treated with 2 stents. The MSA cutoffs that best predicted ISR on a segmental basis were 5.0 mm
2
(ostial LCX ISR), 6.3 mm
2
(ostial LAD ISR), 7.2 mm
2
(ISR within the POC), and 8.2 mm
2
(ISR within the LM above the POC). Using these criteria, 133 (33.8%) had underexpansion of at least 1 segment. Angiographic ISR (at any location) was more frequent in lesions with underexpansion of at least 1 segment versus lesions with no underexpansion (24.1% versus 5.4%,
P
<0.001). Two-year major adverse coronary event–free survival rate was significantly lower in patients with underexpansion of at least 1 segment versus lesions with no underexpansion (90±3% versus 98±1%, log-rank
P
<0.001), and poststenting underexpansion was an independent predictor for major adverse cardiac events (adjusted hazard ratio, 5.56; 95% confidence interval, 1.99–15.49;
P
=0.001).

Conclusions—
With these criteria, IVUS optimization during LMCA stenting procedures may improve clinical outcomes.
Variation of mortality after coronary artery bypass surgery in relation to hour, day and month of the procedure
Authors: Coumbe Ann , John Ranjit , Kuskowski Michael , Agirbasli Mehmet , McFalls Edward O , Adabag Selcuk 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Background
Mortality and complications after percutaneous coronary intervention is higher when performed after regular duty hours due to challenging patient characteristics, inferior processes of care and limited resources. Since these challenges are also encountered during coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery that is performed after regular work hours, we assessed whether hour and day of procedure influenced mortality after CABG.

Methods
We studied 4,714 consecutive patients who underwent CABG at the Minneapolis Veterans Administration (VA) Medical Center between 1987 and 2009. We compared postoperative (30-day) mortality rates in relation to hour and day in which the operation was performed.

Results
Operations performed on weekends and after 4 PM had higher risk patients (p < 0.0001) and were more likely to be emergent (p < 0.0001), require intra-aortic balloon pump support (p < 0.0001) and result in postoperative complications (p < 0.0001) compared to those at regular work hours. Mortality was significantly higher when CABG was performed on weekends compared to weekdays (9.4% versus 2.5%; odds ratio (OR) 4.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6 to 10.4, p = 0.003), and after 4 PM compared to between 7 AM-4 PM (6.2% versus 2.2%; OR 2.9, 95% CI 1 to 8, p = 0.049). In multivariable analysis, when adjusted for the urgency of the operation and the VA estimated mortality risk score, these associations were no longer statistically significant.

Conclusions
Mortality after CABG is higher when surgery is performed on the weekends and after 4 PM. These variations in mortality were related to higher patient risk, and urgency of the operation rather than external factors.
External quality assessment of malaria microscopy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Mukadi Pierre , Gillet Philippe , Lukuka Albert , Atua Ben , Kahodi Simelo , Lokombe Jean , Muyembe Jean-Jacques , Jacobs Jan 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Background
External quality assessments (EQA) are an alternative to cross-checking of blood slides in the quality control of malaria microscopy. This study reports the findings of an EQA of malaria microscopy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).

Methods
After validation, an EQA slide panel and a questionnaire were delivered to diagnostic laboratories in four provinces of DRC. The panel included three samples for diagnosis (sample 1: Plasmodium falciparum, 177,000/μl, sample 2: P. falciparum, 2,500/μl, sample 3: no parasites seen), one didactic sample (Howell-Jolly bodies) and one sample for assessing the quality of staining. Participating laboratories were addressed and selected through the network of the National Tuberculosis Control Programme. Participants were asked to return the responses together with a stained thin and thick blood film for evaluation of Giemsa stain quality.

Results
Among 174 participants (response rate 95.1%), 26.2% scored samples 1, 2 and 3 correctly and 34.3%, 21.5% and 5.8% of participants reported major errors in one, two or three samples respectively. Major errors included reporting "no malaria" or "non-falciparum malaria" for Plasmodium falciparum-positive samples 1 and 2 (16.1% and 34.9% of participants respectively) and "P. falciparum" for Plasmodium negative sample 3 (24.0%). Howell-Jolly bodies (didactic sample) were not recognized by any of the participants but reported as "P. falciparum" by 16.7% of participants. With parasite density expressed according to the "plus system", 16.1% and 21.5% of participants scored one "+" different from the reference score for samples 1 and 2 respectively and 9.7% and 2.9% participants scored more than two "+" different. When expressed as counts of asexual parasites/μl, more than two-thirds of results were outside the mean ± 2SD reference values. The quality of the Giemsa stain was poor, with less than 20% slides complying with all criteria assessed. Only one quarter of participants purchase Giemsa stain from suppliers of documented reliability and half of participants use a buffered staining solution. One third of participants had participated in a formal training about malaria diagnosis, half of them earlier than 2007.

Conclusion
The present EQA revealed a poor quality of malaria microscopy in DRC.
Social support needs for equity in health and social care: a thematic analysis of experiences of people with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis
Authors: de Carvalho Leite Jose C , de L Drachler Maria , Killett Anne , Kale Swati , Nacul Luis , McArthur Maggie , Hong Chia Swee , O'Driscoll Lucy , Pheby Derek , Campion Peter , Lacerda Eliana , Poland Fiona 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Background
Needs-based resource allocation is fundamental to equitable care provision, which can meet the often-complex, fluctuating needs of people with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME). This has posed challenges both for those providing and those seeking support providers, in building shared understanding of the condition and of actions to address it. This qualitative study reports on needs for equity in health and social care expressed by adults living with CFS/ME.

Methods
The participants were 35 adults with CFS/ME in England, purposively selected to provide variation in clinical presentations, social backgrounds and illness experiences. Accounts of experienced needs and needs-related encounters with health and social services were obtained through a focus group (n = 6) and semi-structured interviews (n = 35). These were transcribed and needs related topics identified through data-led thematic analysis.

Findings
Participants emphasised needs for personalised, timely and sustained support to alleviate CFS/ME impacts and regain life control, in three thematic areas: (1) Illness symptoms, functional limitations and illness management; (2) practical support and social care; (3) financial support. Access of people with CFS/ME to support from health and social services was seen to be constrained by barriers stemming from social, cultural, organisational and professional norms and practices, further heightened for disadvantaged groups including some ethnic minorities. These reduced opportunities for their illness to be explained or associated functional limitations and social disadvantages to be addressed through social support. Participants sought more understanding of bio-psycho-social aspects of CFS/ME, of felt needs of people with CFS/ME and of human rights and disability rights, for providing person-centred, equitable care.

Conclusions
Changes in attitudes of health practitioners, policy makers and general public and more flexibly organised health and social care provision are needed to address equity issues in support needs expressed by people with CFS/ME, to be underpinned by research-based knowledge and communication, for public and professional education. Policy development should include shared decision-making and coordinated action across organizations working for people with CFS/ME, human rights and disadvantaged groups. Experiences of people with CFS/ME can usefully inform an understanding of equity in their health and social care.
Excessive activity of cathepsin K is associated with cartilage defects in a zebrafish model of mucolipidosis II
Authors: Petrey Aaron C. , Flanagan-Steet Heather , Johnson Steven , Fan Xiang , De la Rosa Mitche , Haskins Mark E. , Nairn Alison V. , Moremen Kelley W. , Steet Richard 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARY
The severe pediatric disorder mucolipidosis II (ML-II; also known as I-cell disease) is caused by defects in mannose 6-phosphate (Man-6-P) biosynthesis. Patients with ML-II exhibit multiple developmental defects, including skeletal, craniofacial and joint abnormalities. To date, the molecular mechanisms that underlie these clinical manifestations are poorly understood. Taking advantage of a zebrafish model of ML-II, we previously showed that the cartilage morphogenesis defects in this model are associated with altered chondrocyte differentiation and excessive deposition of type II collagen, indicating that aspects of development that rely on proper extracellular matrix homeostasis are sensitive to decreases in Man-6-P biosynthesis. To further investigate the molecular bases for the cartilage phenotypes, we analyzed the transcript abundance of several genes in chondrocyte-enriched cell populations isolated from wild-type and ML-II zebrafish embryos. Increased levels of cathepsin and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) transcripts were noted in ML-II cell populations. This increase in transcript abundance corresponded with elevated and sustained activity of several cathepsins (K, L and S) and MMP-13 during early development. Unlike MMP-13, for which higher levels of protein were detected, the sustained activity of cathepsin K at later stages seemed to result from its abnormal processing and activation. Inhibition of cathepsin K activity by pharmacological or genetic means not only reduced the activity of this enzyme but led to a broad reduction in additional protease activity, significant correction of the cartilage morphogenesis phenotype and reduced type II collagen staining in ML-II embryos. Our findings suggest a central role for excessive cathepsin K activity in the developmental aspects of ML-II cartilage pathogenesis and highlight the utility of the zebrafish system to address the biochemical underpinnings of metabolic disease.
Effect of Silicone Maintenance Materials on Asphalt Binders and Mixtures
Authors: Lin Juntao , Chen Meizhu , Wan Lu , Wu and Shaopeng 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The preventive maintenance of asphalt pavement is of increasing interest to highway agencies and engineers. Many preventive maintenance materials based on emulsified asphalt are used all over the world. The objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of applied silicone maintenance materials (SMMs) on the properties of asphalt and asphalt mixtures in the laboratory. The penetrability and skidding resistance of SMMs on the asphalt mixture and the ultraviolet (UV) radiation aging resistance of SMMs on asphalt are studied by means of a simple penetration test, the British pendulum test, the sand patch test, and a dynamic rheology test. The results show the SMM can permeate into the voids of asphalt mixtures and improve their UV radiation aging resistance. SMM sealer shows a smaller reduction in the skid resistance of the asphalt mixture compared to a modified asphalt emulsion. Furthermore, the rubber powder can be used in an SMM seal on an asphalt mixture to improve its skidding resistance. The result of this study can support the applications of SMMs in the future.
Crystal structure of Th(IV) perchlorate and U(VI) nitrate complexes with trimethyl phosphate: [Th(OP(OCH
3
)
3
)
4
(O
2
P(OCH
3
)
2
)
2
]
2
[ClO
4
]
4
and [UO
2
(OP(OCH
3
)
3
)(O
2
P(OCH
3)2)(NO3)]
2
Authors: Charushnikova I. A. , Fedosseev A. M. , Den Auwer Christophe , Moisy Philippe 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Single crystals of [Th(TMP)4(DMP)2]2[ClO4]4 and [UO2(TMP)(DMP)(NO3)]2 have been synthesized and their structures have been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The complexes of Th(IV) and U(VI) contain simultaneously both the molecular ligand trimethyl phosphate (TMP) and the anion dimethyl phosphate. The main structural motif in Th(IV) complex is centrosymmetric dimeric cation [Th(TMP)4(DMP)2]
2
4+
, and in U(VI) it is the neutral centrosymmetric dimeric complex [UO2(TMP)(DMP)(NO3)]2. Coordination polyhedron of Th(IV) is tetragonal antiprism, for U(VI) it is pentagonal bipyramid. The structures are compared with those of other Th(IV) and U(VI) complexes containing other trialkyl phosphates.
Electrodeposition of Lithium/Polystyrene Composite Electrodes from an Ionic Liquid: First Attempts
Authors: Prowald Alexandra , Zein El Abedin Sherif , Borisenko Natalia , Endres Frank 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
One challenge in the use of metallic lithium in secondary lithium ion or lithium air batteries is the dendritic growth of lithium upon repeated cycling which might either lead to a short circuit or at least to an uneven current distribution and bad cycling stability. In the present paper we present our first results on the electrodeposition of lithium from an ionic liquid within the voids of a polystyrene opal structure on copper. For this purpose polystyrene spheres with an average diameter of about 600 nm were applied onto a copper sheet by a simple dipping process resulting in a layer thickness of about 10 μm. Lithium can be deposited within this polymer structure without damaging it and the subsequent dissolution of the polystyrene spheres delivers a macroporous lithium film, proving that a mechanically stable composite electrode is feasible.
Napoleon’s quasigroups
Authors: Krčadinac Vedran 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Napoleon’s quasigroups are idempotent medial quasigroups satisfying the identity (ab·b)(b·ba) = b. In works by V. Volenec geometric terminology has been introduced in medial quasigroups, enabling proofs of many theorems of plane geometry to be carried out by formal calculations in a quasigroup. This class of quasigroups is particularly suited for proving Napoleon’s theorem and other similar theorems about equilateral triangles and centroids.
Highly Efficient Organic THz Generator Pumped at Near‐Infrared: Quinolinium Single Crystals
Authors: Kim Pil‐Joo , Jeong Jae‐Hyeok , Jazbinsek Mojca , Choi Soo‐Bong , Baek In‐Hyung , Kim Jong‐Taek , Rotermund Fabian , Yun Hoseop , Lee Yoon Sup , Günter Peter , Kwon O‐Pil 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA novel highly efficient ionic electro‐optic quinolinium single crystals for THz wave applications is reported. Acentric quinolinium derivatives, HMQ‐T (2‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxystyryl)‐1‐methylquinolinium 4‐methylbenzenesulfonate) and HMQ‐MBS (2‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxystyryl)‐1‐methylquinolinium 4‐methoxybenzenesulfonate) exhibit high order parameters cos3θp = 0.92 and cos3θp = 1.0, respectively, as well as a large macroscopic optical nonlinearity, which is in the range of the benchmark stilbazolium DAST (N,N‐dimethylamino‐N’‐methylstilbazolium 4‐methylbenzenesulfonate) and phenolic polyene OH1 (2‐(3‐(4‐hydroxystyryl)‐5,5‐dimethylcyclohex‐2‐enylidene)malononitrile) crystals. As‐grown unpolished bulk HMQ‐T crystals with a side length of about 6 mm and thickness of 0.56 mm exhibit 3.1 times higher THz generation efficiency than 0.37 mm thick OH1 crystals and about 8.4 times higher than 1 mm thick inorganic standard ZnTe crystals at the near‐infrared fundamental wavelength of 836 nm. Therefore, HMQ crystals with high order parameter obviously have a very high potential for high power THz‐wave generation and its applications.