bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protection of puppies against canine herpesvirus by vaccination of the dams
Authors: Poulet H. , Guigal P. M. , Soulier M. , Leroy V. , Fayet G. , Minke J. , Chappuis Merial G. 
Published: October 2010

Six bitches free of canine herpesvirus 1 (CHV‐1) were vaccinated against the virus; a first injection was given 10 days after the presumed date of mating and a second six weeks later. Six similar bitches were left unvaccinated as controls, and all the pups were challenged oronasally with a virulent strain of cHv‐1 at three days of age. All the vaccinated bitches seroconverted and had high antibody titres when the puppies were challenged, but the control bitches remained seronegative. In the control group, 62 per cent (18 of 29) of the pups died of cHv‐1‐induced disease; most of them showed typical clinical signs and macroscopic lesions, and CHv‐i infection was confirmed by the isolation of the virus or by PCR. None of the puppies in the vaccinated group died of CHV‐1 infection. The efficacy of the vaccine was confirmed in cHv‐1‐positive breeding units. The rate of pregnancy tended to be higher in vaccinated bitches and the mortality of pups before weaning was significantly reduced in the litters born to vaccinated bitches.
Abattoir survey of dental defects in cull cows
Authors: Ingham B. 
Published: October 2010

The teeth in the severed heads of 501 cull cows, all over 30 months of age, were examined at an abattoir in the north of England in 1997/98; 80 per cent of them were Friesians or Holsteins. Seventy‐three animals (14.6 per cent) had one or more missing incisors, most of which were acquired losses. Rotation and overlapping of rostral teeth were also common, as was attrition. Congenitally absent first lower premolars, other missing teeth, large and often multiple interdental spaces, and a few cases of macrodontia, cavitation, multiple defects and fractures were observed in the cheek tooth arcades. There were some unusual patterns of premolar and molar attrition, often attributable to malocclusion, one result of which was the formation of a hook at the posterior extremity of the third maxillary molar.
Concentrations of ketones in milk in early lactation, and reproductive performance of dairy cows
Authors: Cook N. B. , Ward W. R. , Dobson H. 
Published: October 2010

Samples of blood and milk were taken from clinically ketotic cows at 12‐hour intervals before and after treatment. The concentration of P‐hydroxybutyrate was determined in plasma and milk, and the concentration of acetone was determined in milk. Measurement of milk acetone had the optimal combination of sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value to identify ketotic cows and was subsequently used in a comparison of the fertility of ketotic and normal cows. Two samples of milk were taken approximately two weeks apart, between 12 and 60 days after calving, from 410 cows on three farms and the concentration of acetone in the milk was measured. Thirty cows with milk acetone concentrations of at least 0.4 mmol/litre were compared with paired control cows with milk acetone concentrations less than 0.3 mmol/litre. The ketotic cows had a significantly longer calving‐to‐conception interval and a significantly higher culling rate due to a failure to conceive (P<0.05).
Surfactant proteins in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of horses: assay technique and changes following road transport
Authors: Hobo S. , Yoshihara T. , Oikawa M. , Jones J. H. 
Published: October 2010

An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for equine surfactant proteins SP‐A and SP‐D in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Anti‐equine SP‐A or SP‐D monoclonal antibodies (mAb) were produced by hybridoma technology, purified by the antibody purification reagent, and analysed by Western blotting analysis. The immunoreaction (two‐site sandwich ELISA) with a mAb, peroxidase‐labelled mAb and BALF sample was carried out simultaneously and analytical recovery and precision were assayed. Six mAb for SP‐A and four mAb for SP‐D were successfully cloned in limiting dilution to monoclonality. These mAb were reacted with equine SP‐A or SP‐D on Western blotting analysis. For SP‐A, a combination of solid‐phase TA08 and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)‐conjugated WA28 was found to be more sensitive than other combinations, gave a good dose response and was capable of measuring 0.78 to 100 ng of protein/mi. For SP‐D, a combination of solid‐phase TD13 and HRP‐conjugated WD19 was found to be more sensitive than other combinations, had a good dose response and was capable of measuring 0.78 to 200 ng of protein/ml. The assay was used to determine the effect of 41 hours of road transport on the concentrations of SP‐A and SP‐D in the BALF of 30 horses. The concentrations of SP‐A and SP‐D decreased by 55 per cent and 36 per cent, respectively, decreases similar to the decrease in phosphatidylglycerol concentration previously reported by the authors.
Variations in cartilage catabolism in different equine joints in response to interleukin‐1 in vitro
Authors: Fuller C. J. , Barr A. R. S. , Dieppe P. A. 
Published: October 2010

An explant system was used to investigate the hypothesis that cartilage from different equine joints might respond differently to challenge with interleukin‐1 α (L‐1 α). Pairs of normal cartilage samples were taken from the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints of six horses. One of each pair was stimulated with 10 ng/ml human recombinant IL‐1 α for three days, and the supernatants and remaining cartilage explants were analysed for their total content of glycosaminoglycans. A significantly higher percentage of glycosaminoglycans was released from the cartilage of the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints than from the metacarpophalangeal joint.
PrP genotype frequencies in German breeding sheep and the potential to breed for resistance to scrapie
Authors: Drögemtüller C. , Leeb T. , Distl O. 
Published: October 2010

Genetic susceptibility to scrapie is associated with polymorphisms in three different codons of the ovine prion protein (PrP) gene (136, 154, 171). Studies of PrP genotypes linked to scrapie have revealed the resistance of homozygous PrPARR /PrPARR animals and the high risk of PrPvRQ /PrPvRQ and PrPvRQ /PrPARQ animals in scrapie‐affected flocks. The selection of PrPAR /PrPAR genotypes may therefore provide a strategy for controlling clinical scrapie. The genotypes of 1361 German breeding sheep from 15 different breeds in northern Germany were determined. Apart from the wildtype allele PrPARQ, at least four mutually exclusive allelic variants were found. The greatest variability within the PrP gene was encountered in texel sheep, in which 14 PrP genotypes were found. In the important meat breeds, Suffolk, German whiteheaded mutton and German blackheaded mutton, the PrPARR allele was predominant, and in these breeds the breeding of scrapie‐resistant pedigree flocks within four generations seems to be a feasible option. In the texel sheep, the German merino, the German milk and the German land sheep breeds, the frequency of the PrPARR allele was much lower, and in several breeds no homozygous rams were available for breeding purposes. In these breeds the breeding strategy would depend on the number of heterozygous rams available, but resistant pedigree flocks could be achieved within nine generations.
Relationships between clinical and pathological signs of disease in calves infected withMannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolyticatype A1
Authors: Reeve‐Johnson L. 
Published: October 2010

Respiratory disease was induced in 16 calves, and the terminal clinical signs of disease and postmortem pathological observations were recorded. By Spearman's correlation coefficient, the respiratory rate, rectal temperature and clinical scores of the calves were significantly correlated with the extent of lung consolidation. The respiratory rate was the clinical sign most consistently correlated with the other clinical and pathological signs of respiratory disease.
Serological, colostral and milk responses of cows vaccinated with a single dose of a combined vaccine against rotavirus, coronavirus andEscherichia coliF5 (K99)
Authors: Crouch C. F. , Oliver S. , Francis M. J. 
Published: October 2010

Twenty‐five Ayrshire/Friesian cows were vaccinated once with a new combined vaccine against rotavirus, coronavirus andEscherichia coliF5 (K99) or given a saline placebo 31 days before the first expected calving date. Blood samples were taken from the cows at intervals from vaccination until seven days after calving and from their calves up to 28 days after birth, and colostrum and milk samples were collected from the cows at intervals for 28 days after calving. There was a significant increase in the mean specific antibody titre against all three antigens in the serum of the vaccinated animals (even in the presence of pre‐existing antibody) which was accompanied by increased levels of protective antibodies to rotavirus, coronavirus andE coliF5 (K99) in their colostrum and milk for at least 28 days.
Comparison of thiopentone/guaifenesin, ketamine/guaifenesin and ketamine/ midazolam for the induction of horses to be anaesthetised with isoflurane
Authors: Gangl M. , Grulke S. , Caudron I. , Serteyn D. , Detilleux J. 
Published: October 2010

Forty‐eight horses subjected to elective surgery were randomly assigned to three groups of 16 horses. After premedication with 0‐1 mg/kg acepromazine intramuscularly and 0.6 mg/kg xylazine intravenously, anaesthesia was induced either with 2 g thiopentone in 500 ml of a 10 per cent guaifenesin solution, given intravenously at a dose of 1 ml/kg (group TG), or with 100 mg/kg guaifenesin and 2.2 mg/kg ketamine given intravenously (group KG), or with 0.06 mg/kg midazolam, and 2.2 mg/kg ketamine given intravenously (group KM). Anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane. The mean (sd) end tidal isoflurane concentration (per cent) needed to maintain a light surgical anaesthesia (stage III, plane 2) was significantly lower in group KM (0.91 [0.03]) than in groups TG (1.11 [0.03]) and KG (1.14 [0.03]). The mean (sd) arterial pressure (mmHg) was significantly lower in group KG (67.4 [2.07]) than in groups TG (75.6 [2.23]) and KM (81.0 [2.16]). There were no significant differences in the logarithm of the heart rate, recovery time or quality of recovery between the three induction groups. However, pronounced ataxia was observed in the horses of group KM, especially after periods of anaesthesia lasting less than 75 minutes.
Conjunctival flora observed in 70 healthy domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus )
Authors: Cooper S. C. , McLellan G. J. , Rycroft A. N. 
Published: October 2010

Conjunctival swabs were taken from both eyes of 70 healthy domestic rabbits and cultured to determine the microbial population. Bacteria were recovered from 83 per cent of the specimens. DNase‐negative Staphylococcus species (57 per cent) were the most commonly recovered organisms followed by Micrococcus species (25 per cent) and Bacillus species (19 per cent). Other organisms isolated included Stomatococcus species (8 per cent), Neisseria species (8 per cent), Pasteurella species (6 per cent), Corynebacterium species (6 per cent), Streptococcus species (6 per cent) and Moraxella species (4 per cent), and other bacteria were isolated less frequently. Statistical analysis showed that there appeared to be no significant difference between the bacterial isolation rates from different breeds of rabbit. Significantly more of the swabs taken from young rabbits yielded cultivable bacteria than did those taken from rabbits over 12 months of age.
Effects of treatments with endedocide on the weight gain of grazing cattle in a warm temperate climate
Authors: Mercier P. , Steffan P. E. , White C. R. 
Published: October 2010

Five groups of 20 weaned beef calves were injected subcutaneously with either an ivermectin, a doramectin, an abamectin long‐acting formulation, an ivermectin long‐acting formulation or a saline control, at turnout and 60 and 120 days later. The animals grazed the same pasture and were sampled and weighed at turnout and 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days later. At turnout the mean bodyweights of all the groups were similar and faecal culture showed that they had a mixed strongyle infection of Cooperia, Haemonchus, Ostertagia, Oesophagostomum and Trichostrongylus species. After 180 days, the mean bodyweight gains of each group were respectively 62.1 kg, 102.2 kg, 106.4 kg, 107.3 kg and 110.1 kg for the control, ivermectin, doramectin, ivermectin long‐acting and abamectin long‐acting groups. All the products significantly improved the weight gains of the cattle, and significantly reduced their faecal egg counts.
Suspected botulism in dairy cows and its implications for the safety of human food
Authors: Cobb S. P. , Hogg R. A. , Challoner D. J. , Sharpe R. T. , Brett M. M. , Livesey C. T. , Jones T. O. 
Published: October 2010

A large outbreak of suspected botulism occurred on a dairy farm. The affected animals were listless and showed signs ranging from hindlimb unsteadiness to lateral recumbency, although the most common presentation was sternal recumbency with an apparent hindlimb weakness when stimulated to rise. Postmortem examinations revealed no conclusive gross pathology or histopathology. The affected cattle were found to have neutrophilia and hyperglycaemia with no other consistent haematological or biochemical abnormalities. The combination of clinical signs, disease epidemiology and the ruling out of other differential diagnoses strongly supported a diagnosis of unconfirmed botulism; however, the source of toxin was not demonstrated. Botulism is a severe disease in human beings and there are uncertainties about the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics ofClostridium botulinumtoxins. In such circumstances, a precautionary approach to food safety is essential. Restrictions were placed on the movement of livestock and sale of milk from the farm premises until 14 days after the onset of the last clinical case.
Induction of enzootic pneumonia in pigs by the administration of an aerosol of in vitrocultured Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
Authors: Czaja T. , Kanci A. , Lloyd L. C. , Markham P. F. , Whithear K. G. , Browning G. F 
Published: October 2010

The aim of this study was to establish whether enzootic pneumonia could be induced reliably in piglets by administering an aerosolised culture of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Groups of five M hyopneumoniae ‐free Landrace × Large White piglets weaned at 11 to 14 days of age were exposed to aerosols of in vitro cultures of a virulent strain of M hyopneumoniae. In three separate trials, 14 of 15 pigs exposed to the bacteria developed pneumonia, but pigs exposed to the culture medium alone did not develop the disease. Lung pathology, both gross and histological, indicated acute disease. Ten of the pigs were tested for seroconversion by Western blot and they were all positive. The growth rates of the infected pigs were significantly reduced and the water consumption of the infected groups was also depressed. M hyopneumoniae was recovered from eight of the 15 infected pigs.
Pharmacokinetics of ivermectin in llamas (Lama glama)
Authors: Jarvinen J. A. , Miller J. A. , Oehler D. D. 
Published: October 2010

The pharmacokinetic behaviour of ivermectin was investigated in adult llamas (Lama glama) by using high performance liquid chromatography with a lower limit of quantification of 2 ng/ml to measure its concentration in serum. Llamas were treated with one of three commercial formulations (injectable, pour‐on or oral paste) at dosages recommended by the manufacturer, or with an experimental injectable sustainedrelease formulation. In five llamas given 1 per cent ivermectin subcutaneously at 200 μg/kg the median peak serum concentration (Cmax) was 3 ng/ml and the area under the serum concentration‐time curve (Auc) was 13‐5 ng.day/ml. In six llamas treated topically with 0‐5 per cent ivermedin pour‐on at 500 μg/kg Cmax was 2‐5 ng/ml or less and the AUC was 7.75 ng.day/ml or less. In seven llamas with measurable concentrations of ivermectin, the median times to peak serum concentration (tmax) were six days after subcutaneous injection and seven days after treatment with the pour‐on formulation. In six llamas, the serum concentration of ivermectin remained less than 2 ng/ml for 124 hours after treatment with a 1‐87 per cent oral paste at 200 μg/kg. In five llamas treated subcutaneously with 25 per cent ivermectin sustainedrelease microspheres at 1500 μg/kg, the median Cmax was 5 ng/ml and the median AUC was 224 ng.day/ml.
Studies of the efficacy of a novel intranasal vaccine against feline bordetellosis
Authors: Williams J. , Laris R. , Gray A. W. , Jacobs A. A. C. 
Published: October 2010

A novel intranasal vaccine against disease caused byBordetella bronchisepticain cats was tested in a series of three experiments. In the first experiment a vaccinated group and an unvaccinated control group of kittens were challenged by the aerosol route with virulentB bronchisepticathree weeks after they had been vaccinated. The control kittens developed upper respiratory tract signs typical of felineB bronchisepticainfection, including rhinitis, a serous ocular and nasal discharge, fever, sneezing and coughing. The mean (sd) clinical score for the cats in the unvaccinated control group was 19.5 (5.4) compared with 1.53 (1.9) for the vaccinated group. In the second experiment vaccinated kittens were challenged with virulentB bronchiseptica72 hours after they were vaccinated. Their mean clinical score was 2.76 (2.62) compared with 13.4 (3.33) for the control group. In the final experiment, vaccinated and unvaccinated control cats were challenged after six or 12 months. After six months the mean clinical scores were 13.9 (4.7) for the control group, compared with 1.33 (1.56) for the vaccinated group, and after 12 months the scores were 9.92 (5.79) for the control group compared with 0.92 (0.89) for the vaccinated group.
Evaluation of aerosol transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus under controlled field conditions
Authors: Otake S. , Dee S. A. , Jacobson L. , Pijoan C. , Torremorell M. 
Published: October 2010

The aim of this study was to determine whether porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) could be transmitted by aerosol under field conditions. A total of 210 five‐month‐old PRRSV‐negative pigs were housed in a mechanically ventilated finishing facility containing 11 pens. Pen 1 contained 10 pigs (indirect contact controls) and pen 2 remained empty, providing a barrier of 2.5 m from the remaining pigs in pens 3 to 11. Fifteen or 16 of the pigs in each of pens 3 to 11 were infected experimentally with a field isolate of PRRSV and the other six or seven pigs served as direct contact controls. Five days after the pigs were infected, two trailers containing 10 five‐week‐old PRRSV‐naive sentinel pigs were placed along each side of the building; one was placed 1 m from the exhaust fans on one side of the building, and the other was placed 30 m from the fans on the other side, and the sentinel pigs remained in the trailers for 72 hours. They were then moved to separate buildings on the same site, 30 and 80 m, respectively, from the infected barn, and their PRRSV status was monitored for 21 days. The direct and indirect contact control pigs became infected with PRRSV but the sentinel pigs did not.
Postanaesthetic cerebral necrosis in five horses
Authors: McKay J. S. , Kelly D. F. , Senior M. , Jones R. S. , Forest T. W. , de Lahunta A. , Summers B. A. 
Published: October 2010

After being anaesthetised for between one hour 40 minutes and seven hours, five adult horses developed acute neurological signs and extensive cerebrocortical necrosis. Four of them had had abdominal surgery for colic and one had had repeated orthopaedic interventions. Between five hours and seven days after the surgery, all five horses suddenly developed severe signs of a predominantly prosencephalic disturbance: bilateral blindness with normal pupillary light responses, abnormal behaviour varying from propulsive pacing to head pressing, profound lethargy and generalised seizures. They were euthanased between 24 hours and three weeks after the onset of these signs. In three of the cases a gross examination of the brain revealed patchy malacia of the cerebral grey matter and some discolouration of the adjacent white matter. Microscopical examination revealed lesions that varied from laminar neuronal necrosis in the grey matter of the cerebral cortex to more diffuse necrosis of the cortex and underlying white matter. Four of the five cases had had a period of hypercapnea while anaesthetised, and two of them (and possibly a third) had also had hypoxaemia.
Biochemical changes induced by hypomagnesaemia in lactating cows and ewes
Authors: McCoy M. A. , Young P. B. , Edgar H. W. J. , McCarville E. M. , Davison G. , Kennedy D. G. , Fitzpatrick D. A. 
Published: October 2010

Severe hypomagnesaemia was induced in lactating cows and lactating sheep by feeding them magnesium‐deficient diets for 17 and 14 days, respectively. Hypomagnesaemia in cows was associated with abnormally high rates of change in the numbers of leucocytes, neutrophils, monocytes and platelets. There were increases in the concentration of iron in the liver of the hypomagnesaemic ewes and in the heart of the hypomagnesaemic cows, which were not associated with a haemolytic process. The percentage of some of the peroxidisable fatty acids was lower in the heart tissue of hypomagnesaemic cows, but the reduction was not associated with significant lipid peroxidation.
Implantation of a dual‐chamber, rate‐adaptive pacemaker in a horse with suspected sick sinus syndrome
Authors: van Loon G. , Rottiers H. , Deprez P. , Fonteyne W. , Tavernier R. 
Published: October 2010

A five‐year‐old gelding suffered syncope at the end of a period of exercise. A 24‐hour electrocardiogram recording revealed intermittent pauses in the sinus rhythm of up to 10 seconds, indicating sinus node disease; the pauses occurred repeatedly, particularly after exercise. A dual‐chamber, rate‐adaptive pacemaker was successfully implanted, which prevented excessive postexercise bradycardia and syncope, and allowed the horse to return to work.
Evaluation of a new immunocapture test for the diagnosis of ovine brucellosis caused by Brucella melitensis
Authors: Durán‐Ferrer M. , Mendoza J. , Osuna A. , Caporale V. , Lucas A. , León L. , Garrido F. 
Published: October 2010

A new immunocapture technique has been applied to the diagnosis of ovine brucellosis under experimental conditions. The tests were made on a serum bank derived from both young and adult ewes vaccinated conjunctivally with the Rev 1 strain at a dose of 108 to 109 colony‐forming units. Adult ewes were infected experimentally two‐and‐a‐half years after they had been vaccinated and the results were compared with an unvaccinated control group. The condition of each animal in terms of infection with Brucella melitensis was determined by clinical and bacteriological investigations. The development of the immune response was compared by the rose bengal test, the complement fixation test, the Coombs' test and the immunocapture technique for 180 days after the vaccination and for 410 days after the experimental infection, that is, the two following gestations. The results suggest that the new technique is more specific in animals vaccinated conjunctivally, regardless of their age when they were vaccinated. After the experimental infection, significantly (P<0.05) fewer of the vaccinated sheep which were free of clinical signs and were not excreting B melitensis reacted positively to the test.