bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure and Function of Sinusoidal Lining Cells in the Liver
Authors: Wisse Eddie , Braet Filip , Dianzhong Luo  , De Zanger Ronald , Jans Danny , Crabbe Evelyne , Vermoesen AN 
Published: April 2009

The hepatic sinusoid harbors 4 different cells: endothelial cells (100, 101), Kupffer cells (96, 102, 103), fat-storing cells (34, 51, 93), and pit cells (14, 107. 108). Each cell type has its own specific morphology and functions, and no transitional stages exist between the cells. These cells have the potential to proliferate locally, either in normal or in special conditions, that is, experiments or disease. Sinusoidal cells form a functional unit together with the parenchymal cells. Isolation protocols exist for all sinusoidal cells. Endothelial cells filter the fluids, exchanged between the sinusoid and the space of Disse through fenestrae (100), which measure 175 nm in diameter and are grouped in sieve plates. Fenestrae occupy 6-8% of the surface (106). No intact basal lamina is present under these cells (100). Various factors change the number and diameter of fenestrae [pressure, alcohol, serotonin, and nicotin; for a review, see Fraser et al (32)]. These changes mainly affect the passage of lipoproteins, which contain cholesterol and vitamin A among other components.Fat-storing cells are pericytes, located in the space of Disse, with long, contractile processes, which probably influence liver (sinusoidal) blood flow. Fat-storing cells possess characteristic fat droplets, which contain a large part of the body's depot of vitamin A (91, 93). These cells play a major role in the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) (34, 39-41). Strongly reduced levels of vitamin A occur in alcoholic livers developing fibrosis (56). Vitamin A deficiency transforms fat-storing cells into myofibroblast-like cells with enhanced ECM production (38).Kupffer cells accumulate in periportal areas. They specifically endocytose endotoxin (70), which activates these macrophages. Lipopolysaccharide, together with interferon γ, belongs to the most potent activators of Kupffer cells (28). As a result of activation, these cells secrete oxygen radicals, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 1, interleukin 6, and a series of eicosanoids (28) and become cytotoxic against tumor cells [e.g., colon carcinoma cells (19, 22, 48)]. Toxic secretory products can cause necrosis of the liver parenchyma, which constitutes a crucial factor in liver transplantation (55).Pit cells possess characteristic azurophylic granules and display a high level of spontaneous cytolytic activity against various tumor cells, identifying themselves as natural killer cells (10). The number and cytotoxicity of pit cells can be considerably enhanced with biological response modifiers, such as Zymosan or interleukin 2 (8). Pit cell proliferation occurs within the liver, but recent evidence indicates that blood large granular lymphocytes develop into pit cells in 2 steps involving high- and low-density pit cells (88). Kupffer cells control the motility, adherence, viability, and cytotoxicity of pit cells (89), whereas cytotoxicity against tumor cells is synergistically enhanced (80, 81).
Very old patients admitted to intensive care in Australia and New Zealand: a multi-centre cohort analysis
Authors: Bagshaw Sean M , Webb Steve AR , Delaney Anthony , George Carol , Pilcher David , Hart Graeme K , Bellomo Rinaldo 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Introduction
Older age is associated with higher prevalence of chronic illness and functional impairment, contributing to an increased rate of hospitalization and admission to intensive care. The primary objective was to evaluate the rate, characteristics and outcomes of very old (age ≥ 80 years) patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs).

Methods
Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from the Australian New Zealand Intensive Care Society Adult Patient Database. Data were obtained for 120,123 adult admissions for ≥ 24 hours across 57 ICUs from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2005.

Results
A total of 15,640 very old patients (13.0%) were admitted during the study. These patients were more likely to be from a chronic care facility, had greater co-morbid illness, greater illness severity, and were less likely to receive mechanical ventilation. Crude ICU and hospital mortalities were higher (ICU: 12% vs. 8.2%, P < 0.001; hospital: 24.0% vs. 13%, P < 0.001). By multivariable analysis, age ≥ 80 years was associated with higher ICU and hospital death compared with younger age strata (ICU: odds ratio (OR) = 2.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.4 to 3.0; hospital: OR = 5.4, 95% CI = 4.9 to 5.9). Factors associated with lower survival included admission from a chronic care facility, co-morbid illness, nonsurgical admission, greater illness severity, mechanical ventilation, and longer stay in the ICU. Those aged ≥ 80 years were more likely to be discharged to rehabilitation/long-term care (12.3% vs. 4.9%, OR = 2.7, 95% CI = 2.6 to 2.9). The admission rates of very old patients increased by 5.6% per year. This potentially translates to a 72.4% increase in demand for ICU bed-days by 2015.

Conclusions
The proportion of patients aged ≥ 80 years admitted to intensive care in Australia and New Zealand is rapidly increasing. Although these patients have more co-morbid illness, are less likely to be discharged home, and have a greater mortality than younger patients, approximately 80% survive to hospital discharge. These data also imply a potential major increase in demand for ICU bed-days for very old patients within a decade.
Leukocyte Telomere Length Is Not Associated With BMD, Osteoporosis, or Fracture in Older Adults: Results From the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study
Authors: Sanders Jason L , Cauley Jane A , Boudreau Robert M , Zmuda Joseph M , Strotmeyer Elsa S , Opresko Patricia L , Hsueh Wen-Chi , Cawthon Richard M , Li Rongling , Harris Tamara B , Kritchevsky Steven B , Newman Anne B 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Short leukocyte telomere length (TL), low BMD, and osteoporosis have been associated with increased inflammation. Previous reports suggest an association between TL, BMD, and osteoporosis in women. We sought to verify these associations and to determine whether TL is related to fracture in a cohort of older men and women. Participants included 2750 community-dwelling older persons from the longitudinal Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study (Health ABC) in who average leukocyte TL was measured at baseline using qPCR. We used unconditional logistic regression to determine the association of TL with prevalent fracture, Cox proportional hazards regression for the association with 7-yr incident fracture, and mixed linear models for the association with BMD, change in BMD, and the number of incident fractures. TL was negatively correlated with age, weight, fasting insulin, and fasting glucose in men and women, and additionally, with C-reactive protein and IL-6 in men. TL was not associated with BMD; change in BMD over 1, 3, or 5 yr; osteoporosis; baseline fracture; or 7-yr incident fracture, before or after adjustment for age, race, smoking, and health characteristics. TL is not associated with BMD, osteoporosis, or fracture in older men or women in this sample.
Neue Dokumente zu Hitlers Buch Mein Kampf
Authors: Beierl Florian , Plöckinger Othmar 
Published: April 2009

Vorspann
Über die Entstehungsgeschichte von Hitlers Hauptwerk Mein Kampf sind wir seit dem Erscheinen von Othmar Plöckingers Monographie „Geschichte eines Buches. Adolf Hitlers ,Mein Kampf’“ im Jahr 2006 recht gut informiert. Weiteren Einblick ermöglichen im selben Jahr entdeckte Dokumente (fünf Manuskript- und 18 Konzeptblätter) Adolf Hitlers, die im Folgenden erstmals veröffentlicht und von Florian Beierl und Othmar Plökkinger eingeleitet werden. Diese Dokumentation vermittelt einen Eindruck von Hitlers Textproduktion und seiner politischen Neuorientierung während der Landsberger Festungshaft 1924. Sie verdeutlicht aber auch, welchen Erkenntnisgewinn eine quellenkritische Edition von Mein Kampf bieten kann.
Microdialysis in Rodents
Authors: Zapata Agustin , Chefer Vladimir I. , Shippenberg Toni S. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMicrodialysis is an in vivo sampling technique that permits the quantification of various substances (e.g., neurotransmitters, peptides, electrolytes) in blood and tissue. It is also used to infuse substances into the brain and spinal cord. This unit describes methods for the construction and stereotaxic implantation of microdialysis probes into discrete brain regions of the rat and mouse. Procedures for the conduct of conventional and quantitative microdialysis experiments in the awake and anesthetized rodent are also provided. Curr. Protoc. Neurosci. 47:7.2.1‐7.2.29. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Discovery of New Green Phosphors and Minimization of Experimental Inconsistency Using a Multi‐Objective Genetic Algorithm‐Assisted Combinatorial Method
Authors: Sharma Asish Kumar , Kulshreshtha Chandramouli , Sohn Kee‐Sun 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA multi‐objective genetic algorithm‐assisted combinatorial materials search (MOGACMS) strategy was employed to develop a new green phosphor for use in a cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) for a back light unit (BLU) in liquid crystal display (LCD) applications. MOGACMS is a method for the systematic control of experimental inconsistency, which is one of the most troublesome and difficult problems in high‐throughput combinatorial experiments. Experimental inconsistency is a very serious problem faced by all scientists in the field of combinatorial materials science. For this study, experimental inconsistency and material property were selected as dual objective functions that were simultaneously optimized. Specifically, in an attempt to search for promising phosphors with high reproducibility, luminance was maximized and experimental inconsistency was minimized using the MOGACMS strategy. A divalent manganese‐doped alkali alkaline germanium oxide system was screened using MOGACMS. As a result of MOGA reiteration, we identified a phosphor, Na2MgGeO4:Mn2+, with improved luminance and reliable reproducibility.
Doxorubicin‐Conjugated Immuno‐Nanoparticles for Intracellular Anticancer Drug Delivery
Authors: Shi Meng , Ho Karyn , Keating Armand , Shoichet Molly S. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA polymeric nanoparticle comprised of surface furan groups is used to bind, by Diels–Alder (DA) coupling chemistry, both targeting anti‐human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (anti‐HER2) antibodies and chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (DOX) for targeted, intracellular delivery of DOX. In this new approach for delivery, where both chemotherapeutic and targeting ligand are attached, for the first time, to the surface of the delivery vehicle, the nuclear localization of DOX in HER2‐overexpressing breast cancer SKBR‐3 cells is demonstrated, as determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Flow cytometric analysis shows that the conjugated DOX maintains its biological function and induces similar apoptotic progression in SKBR‐3 cells as free DOX. The viable cell counts of SKBR‐3 cancer cells following incubation with different nanoparticle formulations demonstrates that the combined DOX and anti‐HER2 nanoparticle is more efficacious than the nanoparticle formulation with either DOX or anti‐HER2 alone. While free DOX shows similar cytotoxicity against both cancerous SKBR‐3 cells and healthy HMEC‐1 cells, the combined DOX‐anti‐HER2 nanoparticle is significantly more cytotoxic against SKBR‐3 cells than HMEC‐1 cells, suggesting the benefit of nanoparticle‐conjugated DOX for cell type‐specific targeting. The DOX‐conjugated immuno‐nanoparticle represents an entirely new method for localized co‐delivery of chemotherapeutics and antibodies.
Synthesis of Monodisperse AgAu Alloy Nanoparticles with Independently Tunable Morphology, Composition, Size, and Surface Chemistry and Their 3‐D Superlattices
Authors: Zhang Qingbo , Xie Jianping , Liang Jing , Lee Jim Yang 
Published: April 2009

AbstractHere, a strategy for synthesizing monodisperse AgAu alloy nanoparticles whereby particle attributes such as morphology, composition, size, and surface chemistry may be independently controlled, varied, and customized is presented. The synthesis uses a multi‐step procedure to deliver control of morphology, size, and composition in discrete and independent steps. Specifically Ag nanoparticles with the same morphology but different sizes are first prepared by the chemical reduction of Ag ions. A digestive ripening post‐treatment followed by seed‐mediated growth is then applied to narrow the size distribution and to vary the particle size. Monodisperse AgAu alloy nanoparticles are then formed by a replacement reaction with HAuCl4. Both single‐crystalline truncated octahedral (TO) AgAu alloy nanoparticles and icosahedral multiply twinned particles can be easily prepared by this procedure. By using truncated octahedrons as the model morphology, the syntheses of nanoparticles with the same size but different compositions, of nanoparticles with the same composition but variable sizes, and of nanoparticles with different surface chemistry are demonstrated and discussed in detail. Because of the shape and size monodispersity, all of the as‐synthesized AgAu alloy nanoparticles easily form superlattices on a solid substrate upon slow evaporation of the solvent. The packing pattern of the nanoparticles is strongly dependent on the native morphology of the nanoparticles.
The baffled microtiter plate: Increased oxygen transfer and improved online monitoring in small scale fermentations
Authors: Funke Matthias , Diederichs Sylvia , Kensy Frank , Müller Carsten , Büchs Jochen 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMost experiments in screening and process development are performed in shaken bioreactors. Today, microtiter plates are the preferred vessels for small‐scale microbial cultivations in high throughput, even though they have never been optimized for this purpose. To interpret the experimental results correctly and to obtain a base for a meaningful scale‐up, sufficient oxygen supply to the culture liquid is crucial. For shaken bioreactors this problem can generally be addressed by the introduction of baffles. Therefore, the focus of this study is to investigate how baffling and the well geometry affect the maximum oxygen transfer capacity (OTRmax) in microtiter plates. On a 48‐well plate scale, 30 different cross‐section geometries of a well were studied. It could be shown that the introduction of baffles into the common circular cylinder of a microtiter plate well doubles the maximum oxygen transfer capacity, resulting in values above 100 mmol/L/h (kLa > 600 1/h). To also guarantee a high volume for microbial cultivation, it is important to maximize the filling volume, applicable during orbital shaking. Additionally, the liquid height at the well bottom was examined, which is a decisive parameter for online‐monitoring systems such as the BioLector. This technology performs fiber‐optical measurements through the well bottom, therefore requires a constant liquid height at all shaking frequencies. Ultimately, a six‐petal flower‐shaped well geometry was shown to be the optimal solution taking into account all aforementioned criteria. With its favorable culture conditions and the possibility for unrestricted online monitoring, this novel microtiter plate is an efficient tool to gain meaningful results for interpreting and scaling‐up experiments in clone screening and bioprocess development. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 1118–1128. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of Fe‐doped chrysotile and characterization of the resulting chrysotile fibers
Authors: Bloise A. , Belluso E. , Barrese E. , Miriello D. , Apollaro C. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis study describes the formation of Fe‐doped chrysotile fibers with partial and total substitution of Mg by Fe. Syntheses were carried out with various starting mixtures (oxides, pure synthetic forsterite) in an externally heated pressure vessel in controlled hydrothermal conditions: temperature, 270 – 400 °C; pressure, 0.5 – 2 kbar; duration of treatment 160 – 480 hours. Pure synthetic forsterite was prepared by the flux growth technique. The starting material and run products were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning and transmission electron microscopies combined with energy‐dispersive spectrometry (SEM‐EDS and TEM‐EDS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG). Variations observed in abundance and size of Fe‐doped chrysotile fibers were attributed to different experimental conditions for their synthesis. However, morphological shape turned out to depend on the starting mixtures used. Since natural samples are often difficult to obtain in a sufficiently pure state, these synthetic and well‐characterized Fe‐doped chrysotile fibers can be used for better understanding of the mechanisms involved in asbestos toxicity, as well as of the role of Fe in diseases induced by asbestos phases. These synthetic Fe‐doped chrysotile fibers, together with non‐toxicity testing, may also have potential for exploitation in industrial fields. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Preparation, Stability and Thermodynamic Properties of Nd‐ and Lu‐Doped BaCeO3 Proton‐Conducting Ceramics
Authors: Matskevich Nata I. , Wolf Thomas , Matskevich Mariya Yu. , Chupakhina Tatiana I. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe preparation of BaCeO3 doped by neodymium and lutetium oxides (BaCe0.8Nd0.2O2.9, BaCe0.8Lu0.2O2.9) has been performed by solid‐state reactions of BaCO3 and CeO2 with Nd2O3 and Lu2O3, respectively. The compound BaCe0.8Lu0.2O2.9 has been synthesized for the first time. The X‐ray measurements have showed that BaCe0.8RE0.2O2.9 (RE = Nd, Lu) has an orthorhombic structure (space group Pnma). The standard formation enthalpies of BaCe0.8RE0.2O2.9 have been determined from solution calorimetry by combining the solution enthalpies of BaCe0.8RE0.2O2.9, a BaCl2 + 0.8CeCl3 + 0.2RECl3 mixture in 1 M HCl with 0.1 M KI at 298.15 K and literature data. It has been determined that both of the above‐mentioned complex oxides are thermodynamically stable with regard to their decomposition into binary oxides at room temperature. It has been established thatBaCe0.8Nd0.2O2.9 and BaCe0.8Lu0.2O2.9 react with water, Al2O3 and ZrO2 at ambient temperatures. It has also been shown that the reactions with Al2O3, ZrO2 and water forBaCe0.8Nd0.2O2.9 are more thermodynamically favoured than those for BaCe0.8Lu0.2O2.9. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Synthesis of Indoles by Intermolecular Cyclization of Unfunctionalized Nitroarenes and Alkynes: One‐Step Synthesis of the Skeleton of Fluvastatin
Authors: Ragaini Fabio , Ventriglia Flavia , Hagar Mohamed , Fantauzzi Simone , Cenini Sergio 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe addition of Ru3(CO)12, dimethyl carbonate, or both to the reaction mixture improves the selectivity of the palladium/phenanthroline‐catalyzed reaction of nitroarenes, arylalkynes, and CO to give 3‐arylindoles. When 4‐fluorophenylacetylene and nitrobenzene are used as substrates, the indole skeleton of Fluvastatin and other pharmaceutically active compounds is obtained in one step.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
The disposition effect and investment performance in the futures market
Authors: Choe Hyuk , Eom Yunsung 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis study examines whether the disposition effect (DE), i.e., the tendency of investors to ride losses and realize gains, exists in the Korean stock index futures market. Using a unique database, we find strong evidence for the DE and explain this in terms of investor characteristics. We also investigate the effect that the disposition bias has on investment performance. There are four main findings. First, individual investors are much more susceptible to the DE than institutional and foreign investors. Second, sophistication and trading experience tend to reduce the DE. Third, the DE is stronger in long positions than in short positions. Finally, there is a negative relationship between the DE and investment performance. This result is consistent with Odean (1998, Journal of Finance, 53, 1775–1798), but contrasts with Locke and Mann (2005, Journal of Financial Economics, 76, 401–444) who find no evidence of any contemporaneous measurable costs associated with the DE. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 29:496–522, 2009
Novel treatment of first bite syndrome using botulinum toxin type A
Authors: Lee Byung‐Joo , Lee Jin‐Choon , Lee Young‐Ok , Wang Soo‐Geun , Kim Hak‐Jin 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundFirst bite syndrome is the development of pain in the parotid region after the first bite of each meal and can be seen after surgery of the parapharyngeal space. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of intraglandular injection of botulinum toxin type A (BTA) in patients with first bite syndrome.MethodsFive patients with first bite syndrome developed after head and neck surgery were treated by injection of BTA into parotid gland. All patients completed a 4‐item quality‐of‐life survey with a 10‐point response scale designed to measure outcome of intraglandular injection of BTA.ResultsThe first bite syndrome without or with sialogogue and degree of interference with daily activity with or without eating or drinking improved significantly at 1 and 3 month after injection (p < .05).ConclusionThe BTA injection into affected parotid gland produces a decrease in the severity of first bite syndrome and improves the patient's quality of life. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Evaluating parameter effects in a DEM ‘burning’ process based on land cover data
Authors: Getirana Augusto C. V. , Bonnet Marie‐Paule , Martinez Jean‐Michel 
Published: April 2009

AbstractOver the last years, various methods regarding the use of digital land cover data to change digital elevation models (DEMs) have been reported in the literature. Usually, these methods rely on digital river networks (DRNs) or digital river and lake networks (DRLNs) to force preferential flow directions of pixels composing a DEM to get more realistic hydrological information, and reduce the accumulated number of errors in the information acquisition process. More recently, a new method that takes advantage of spatial distribution of rivers and floodplains derived from classified radar images has been presented. The method is based on a double ‘burning’ process. The first process uses stream lines to reduce elevations in the DEM (traditional stream burning approach—SB approach) and the second uses the floodplains to create valleys forcing the drainage of these areas to the main river. This approach, referred to as floodplain burning approach (FB approach), was applied to a basin in the Amazon basin. It greatly improved the results compared to the SB approach. However, this method requires the calibration of various parameters to represent accurately land cover types. This study proposes a comprehensive evaluation of the influence of these parameters on the DEM‐based hydrological information acquisition and on the original DEM. Consequently, a method of parameters set selection is provided. The method was applied to a sub‐basin of the Negro River basin in Amazonia. Several parameter combinations were evaluated in the watershed delineation process. Particular attention was paid to whether those parameters with a greater impact on DEM yielded better results in the case study. However, these DEM changes can be reduced with the knowledge of vegetation's heights, the vegetation having a substantial effect on remote acquisition of DEMs in tropical forests. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.