bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Down‐regulation of RhoE is associated with progression and poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Luo Hesan , Dong Zhongyi , Zou Jinjin , Zeng Qin , Wu Dehua , Liu Li 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundRhoE is an atypical member of Rho GTPases family, which is a crucial regulator of cytoskeletal dynamics, cell cycle progression, and cell proliferation. Previous studies have reported that RhoE was aberrantly expressed in several human cancers, but the role of RhoE in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remained poor understood.ObjectivesThis study investigated the expression of RhoE and its clinical significance on the outcome of patients with HCC.MethodsThe expression of RhoE was examined in HCC patients and then the prognostic impact of the RhoE expression status was evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsRhoE was down‐regulated in HCC cell lines and tissues compared with normal hepatocyte line (HL‐7702) and non‐cancerous liver tissues. The expression of RhoE was significantly negatively associated with serum AFP (P = 0.013) and tumor grade (P = 0.016). Furthermore, the patients with low expression of RhoE had a shorter survival (P = 0.002) than those with high expression. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that RhoE expression was a significant and independent prognostic predictor for HCC patients (P = 0.016).ConclusionsRhoE, down‐regulated in patients with HCC, could serve as an independent prognostic predictor for patients with HCC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:699–704. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Volumetric navigators for prospective motion correction and selective reacquisition in neuroanatomical MRI
Authors: Tisdall M. Dylan , Hess Aaron T. , Reuter Martin , Meintjes Ernesta M. , Fischl Bruce , van der Kouwe André J. W. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe introduce a novel method of prospectively compensating for subject motion in neuroanatomical imaging. Short three‐dimensional echo‐planar imaging volumetric navigators are embedded in a long three‐dimensional sequence, and the resulting image volumes are registered to provide an estimate of the subject's location in the scanner at a cost of less than 500 ms, ∼ 1% change in contrast, and ∼3% change in intensity. This time fits well into the existing gaps in sequences routinely used for neuroimaging, thus giving a motion‐corrected sequence with no extra time required. We also demonstrate motion‐driven selective reacquisition of k‐space to further compensate for subject motion. We perform multiple validation experiments to evaluate accuracy, navigator impact on tissue intensity/contrast, and the improvement in final output. The complete system operates without adding additional hardware to the scanner and requires no external calibration, making it suitable for high‐throughput environments. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantitative 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the human breast at 7 T
Authors: Wijnen Jannie P. , van der Kemp Wybe J. M. , Luttje Mariska P. , Korteweg Mies A. , Luijten Peter R. , Klomp Dennis W. J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis study presents quantified levels of phosphorylated metabolites in glandular tissue of human breast using 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 7 T. We used a homebuilt 1H/31P radiofrequency coil to obtain artifact‐free 31P MR spectra of glandular tissue of healthy females by deploying whole breast free induction decay (FID) detection with adiabatic excitation and outer volume suppression. Using progressive saturation, the estimated apparent T1 relaxation time of 31P spins of phosphocholine and phosphoethanolamine was 4.4 and 5.7 s, respectively. Quantitative measures for phosphocholine and phosphoethanolamine levels in glandular tissue were established based on MR imaging. We used a 3D 1H image of the breast to segment the glandular tissue; this was matched to a 3D 31P image of the B field of the 31P coil to correct for differences in glandular tissue volume and B1 inhomogeneity of the 31P coil. The 31P MR spectra were calibrated using a phantom with known concentration. Average levels of phosphocholine and phosphoethanolamine in 11 volunteers were 0.84 ± 0.21 mM and 1.18 ± 0.41 mM, respectively. In addition, data of three patients with breast cancer showed higher levels of phosphocholine and phosphoethanolamine compared with healthy volunteers. This may indicate a potential role for the use of 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy for characterization, prognosis, and treatment monitoring in breast cancer. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
View angle tilting echo planar imaging for distortion correction
Authors: Ahn Sinyeob , Hu Xiaoping P. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractGeometric distortion caused by field inhomogeneity along the phase‐encode direction is one of the most prominent artifacts due to a relatively low effective bandwidth along that direction in magnetic resonance echo planar imaging. This work describes a method for correcting in‐plane image distortion along the phase‐encode direction using a view angle tilting imaging technique in spin‐echo echo planar imaging. Spin‐echo echo planar imaging with view angle tilting uses the addition of gradient blips along the slice‐select direction, concurrently applied with the phase‐encode gradient blips, producing an additional phase. This phase effectively offsets an unwanted phase accumulation caused by field inhomogeneity, resulting in the removal of image distortion along the phase‐encode direction. The proposed method is simple and straightforward both in implementation and application with no scan time penalty. Therefore, it is readily applicable on commercial scanners without having any customized postprocessing. The efficacy of the spin‐echo echo planar imaging with view angle tilting technique in the correction of image distortion is demonstrated in phantom and in vivo brain imaging. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Magnetization transfer MRI in pancreatic cancer xenograft models
Authors: Li Weiguo , Zhang Zhuoli , Nicolai Jodi , Yang Guang‐Yu , Omary Reed A. , Larson Andrew C. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMagnetization transfer magnetic resonance imaging measurements were performed in three pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma mouse xenograft models. For each of 28 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma xenografts, MT ratios (MTRs) were calculated and compared to histologic fibrosis levels from reference standard trichrome staining. MTR was found to be significantly higher in tumors grown using BxPC‐3 cell line (39.4 ± 5.1, mean ± SD) compared to the MTR for the tumors grown from Panc‐1 (32.4 ± 2.8) and Capan‐1 (27.3 ± 2.9) cell lines (P < 0.05 for each comparison). Histologic measurements showed a similar trend with BxPC‐3 tumors demonstrating significantly higher fibrosis levels (percentage of fibrotic tissue area, 6.48 ± 2.59) when compared to Panc‐1 (3.54 ± 2.18) and Capan‐1 (2.07 ± 1.60) tumors. MTR measurements were well correlated to quantitative fibrosis levels (r = 0.69, P = 0.01). Results indicated that MTR measurements offer the potential to serve as a valuable in vivo biomarker of desmoplasia in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Waqf of Muhammad Bey Abu Al-Dhahab in Historical Perspective
Authors: Crecelius Daniel 
Published: December 2011

Whoever builds a mosque for God, even like the nest of a bird to lay her eggs, God will build for him an abode in paradise.1.In 1774, the Mamlukshaykh al-baladMuhammad Bey Abu al-Dhahab began the construction of a large mosque-madrasa-takiyyain one of central Cairo's prime locations. The complex bearing the name of the donor lies within a rough triangle formed by the main gate of al-Azhar, the Khan al-Zarakisha, and thewikālaof the 16th-century Mamluk ruler Qansuh al-Ghawri and forms the most important part of Muhammad Bey's waqf. Extensive agricultural lands and urban properties were included in the waqf by the donor to support the personnel of the mosque, school, andrakiyya, to pay for the religious activities stipulated by the terms of the waqf, and for the upkeep of the buildings.
Arabic Thought in the Liberal AgeTwenty Years After
Authors: Reid Donald M. 
Published: December 2011

Albert Hourani's survey of “The Present State of Islamic and Middle Eastern Historiography” has one obvious lacuna: it fails to mention the author's own(Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, 1798–1939).1This masterpiece, published in 1962 when its author was forty-seven, has left its mark on a whole generation of English-speaking scholars of the Middle East.Hisham Sharabi writes: “I wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to Albert Hourani, whose pioneering work,Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, 1789–1939, is an indispensable reference to any study of modern Arab intellectual history.”2
From conformational chaos to robust regulation: the structure and function of the multi-enzyme RNA degradosome
Authors: Górna Maria W. , Carpousis Agamemnon J. , Luisi Ben F. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe RNA degradosome is a massive multi-enzyme assembly that occupies a nexus in RNA metabolism and post-transcriptional control of gene expression inEscherichia coliand many other bacteria. Powering RNA turnover and quality control, the degradosome serves also as a machine for processing structured RNA precursors during their maturation. The capacity to switch between destructive and processing modes involves cooperation between degradosome components and is analogous to the process of RNA surveillance in other domains of life. Recruitment of components and cellular compartmentalisation of the degradosome are mediated through small recognition domains that punctuate a natively unstructured segment within a scaffolding core. Dynamic in conformation, variable in composition and non-essential under certain laboratory conditions, the degradosome has nonetheless been maintained throughout the evolution of many bacterial species, due most likely to its diverse contributions in global cellular regulation. We describe the role of the degradosome and its components in RNA decay pathways inE. coli, and we broadly compare these pathways in other bacteria as well as archaea and eukaryotes. We discuss the modular architecture and molecular evolution of the degradosome, its roles in RNA degradation, processing and quality control surveillance, and how its activity is regulated by non-coding RNA. Parallels are drawn with analogous machinery in organisms from all life domains. Finally, we conjecture on roles of the degradosome as a regulatory hub for complex cellular processes.
Immunology in the clinic review series; focus on type 1 diabetes and viruses: the innate immune response to enteroviruses and its possible role in regulating type 1 diabetes
Authors: Lind K , Hühn M H , Flodström-Tullberg M 
Published: December 2011

SummaryOTHER THEMES PUBLISHED IN THIS IMMUNOLOGY IN THE CLINIC REVIEW SERIESMetabolic diseases, host responses, cancer, autoinflammatory diseases, allergy.Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease arising as a consequence of a misdirected T cell response to the pancreatic beta cell. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the innate immune system as a regulator of disease development. Genome-wide association studies have identified diabetes-associated polymorphisms in genes encoding proteins with functions related to the innate immune response. Moreover, enteroviruses, known to activate a strong innate immune response, have been implicated in the disease pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss the innate immune response elicited by enteroviruses and how this response may regulate T1D development.
The estimation of glomerular filtration rate in an Australian and New Zealand cohort
Authors: HOSSAIN FIROZ , KENDRICK‐JONES JAMIE , MA TIAN M , MARSHALL MARK R 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT:Background:  Accurate estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) allows early detection of renal disease and maximizes opportunity for intervention.Aim:  To assess the accuracy of estimated GFR (eGFR) in an Australian and New Zealand cohort with chronic kidney disease using the 4‐variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation (MDRD4V), the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD‐EPI) equations, and the Cockcroft and Gault equation with actual and ideal body weight.Methods:  Retrospective review of patients who had measured GFR (mGFR) by 51Cr‐EDTA clearance and simultaneous measurements of serum biochemistry and anthropometrics. eGFR was compared with mGFR using the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and Bland–Altman measures of agreement.Results:  178 patients had 441 radioisotope measurements of GFR. Mean mGFR of was 22.6 mL/min per 1.73 m2. The MDRD4V equation using the ‘black’ correction factor was most accurate with a mean eGFR of 19.74 (CCC 0.733, bias −2.86). The CKD‐EPI equations also using the ‘black’ correction factors were almost as good at 19.11 (CCC 0.719, bias −3.49). The Cockcroft–Gault creatinine clearance values had the poorest agreement with mGFR. In the 18 nonwhite non‐Asian patients, the MDRD4V and CKD‐EPI equations were generally less accurate although the use of the ‘black’ correction factor resulted in greater accuracy for both equations.Conclusion:  The MDRD4V equation was the most accurate. However, its accuracy might be less for nonwhite non‐Asian patients if the ‘black’ correction factor is omitted. Further study of the estimation of GFR in Australian and New Zealand ethnic subgroups would be helpful.
Non‐invasive measures of tissue autofluorescence are increased in Type 1 diabetes complications and correlate with a non‐invasive measure of vascular dysfunction
Authors: Januszewski A. S. , Sachithanandan N. , Karschimkus C. , O’Neal D. N. , Yeung C. K. , Alkatib N. , Jenkins A. J. 
Published: December 2011

Diabet. Med. 29, 726–733 (2012)AbstractObjective  To determine if ocular and skin autofluorescence, reflecting advanced glycation end‐products, and vascular stiffness correlate in non‐diabetic and Type 1 diabetic subjects and if levels differ by diabetes status.Research design and methods  Patients with Type 1 diabetes (n = 69, 19 with and 50 without vascular complications) and 60 subjects without diabetes (control) had ocular and skin autofluorescence and pulse‐wave analysis performed in the fasted state. Correlations between measures within groups used the Pearson or Spearman correlation‐coefficient and measures between groups were compared by anova.Results  Lens and skin autofluorescence correlated in control (r = 0.58, P = 0.0001) and in Type 1 diabetes (r = 0.53, P = 0.001). Corneal autofluorescence correlated with lens (r = 0.53, r = 0.52, P = 0.0001) and skin autofluorescence (r = 0.34, P = 0.01 and r = 0.49, P = 0.00001) in control and Type 1 diabetes respectively. In Type 1 diabetes, small and large artery elasticity correlated inversely and systemic vascular resistance correlated positively with skin autofluorescence (all P = 0.001), and with lens and corneal autofluorescence (all P < 0.03). In Type 1 diabetes tissue advanced glycation end‐products correlated with C‐reactive protein and inversely with the estimated glucose disposal rate and with circulating advanced glycation end‐product levels. Relative to non‐diabetic subjects, lens, corneal and skin fluorescence were increased (all P < 0.001) and small artery elasticity was decreased in diabetes (P = 0.04). Lens, corneal and skin autofluorescence were greater (all P = 0.0001) in patients with Type 1 diabetes with complications compared to those without complications, but small artery elasticity did not differ significantly.Conclusions  Ocular and skin autofluorescence and vascular stiffness correlate in non‐diabetic and Type 1 diabetes subjects and are increased in Type 1 diabetes. Tissue advanced glycation end‐products correlate with vascular risk factors, including circulating advanced glycation end‐products.
The Arabo‐Islamic migrations in Madagascar: first genetic study of the GM system in three Malagasy populations
Authors: Capredon M. , Sanchez‐Mazas A. , Guitard E. , Razafindrazaka H. , Chiaroni J. , Champion B. , Dugoujon J.‐M. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryThe Antemoro are an ethnic group from the southeast coast of Madagascar who claims an Arab origin. Cultural signatures of an Arabo‐Islamic influence have been found in this region. Nevertheless, their origins are very contentious. Through this study, we want to determine whether this ethnic group had a particular GM profile that differentiated it from other Malagasy populations, and whether there were detectable genetic traces of the Arabo‐Islamic migration. The Gm polymorphisms of IgG immunoglobulins was analysed in a population of Antemoro (N = 85), two other Malagasy populations from northern Fihereňa (N = 82) and southern Fihereňa (N = 50) and in a Comorian population (N = 171). This last group was used to enlarge the database for genetic comparisons. Results revealed significant contributions from Africa (60%, 0.092 ≤FST ≤ 0.280) and Southeast Asia (40%, 0.043 ≤ FST ≤ 0.590) to the Antemoro genetic pool. No direct genetic relationships with the Middle East. These results bring new insights into the population history of Madagascar.
Pravastatin normalizes endothelium‐derived contracting factor‐mediated response via suppression of Rho‐kinase signalling in mesenteric artery from aged type 2 diabetic rat
Authors: Ishida K. , Matsumoto T. , Taguchi K. , Kamata K. , Kobayashi T. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAim:Although pravastatin has known pleiotropic effects against adverse cardiovascular conditions, little is known about its effects on endothelium‐derived contracting factor (EDCF)‐mediated signalling. We aimed to determine the effects of pravastatin on the production of and responses to EDCF in superior mesenteric arteries isolated from rats at the chronic stage of type 2 diabetes.Methods:Contractions to acetylcholine (ACh) were examined in superior mesenteric artery rings from aged type 2 diabetic Otsuka Long‐Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats (56–60 weeks old), from control age‐matched non‐diabetic Long‐Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats and from pravastatin‐treated (10 mg kg−1, p.o., daily for 4 weeks) OLETF rats. Mesenteric artery expressions of cyclo‐oxygenases (COXs), microsomal‐PGE synthases (mPGESs), RhoA and Rho‐kinase proteins, and also the level of phosphorylated ezrin, radixin and moesin (PERM), a substrate for Rho‐kinase, were detected by Western blotting.Results:Arteries from OLETF rats exhibited (vs. LETO rats) (1) enhanced ACh‐induced EDCF‐mediated contractions, which were inhibited by the Rho‐kinase inhibitor Y27632, (2) reductions in the ACh‐stimulated release of both PGE2 and superoxide and (3) increased COX‐1 and PERM protein expressions. Mesenteric arteries from OLETF rats treated with pravastatin exhibited (vs. untreated OLETF) (1) reduced ACh‐induced contraction, (2) suppressed ACh‐induced PGE2 production and superoxide generation and (3) reduced ACh‐induced PERM protein expression.Conclusions:These results suggest that pravastatin exerts beneficial effects against abnormal EDCF signalling by suppressing Rho‐kinase and promoting antioxidant activity in the mesenteric arteries of rats at the chronic stage of type 2 diabetes.
Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of Granitoids at Sharang Eocene Porphyry Mo Deposit in the Main‐Stage of India‐Asia Continental Collision, Northern Gangdese, Tibet
Authors: ZHAO Junxing , QIN Kezhang , LI Guangming , LI Jinxiang , XIAO Bo , CHEN Lei 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe Sharang porphyry Mo deposit is the first discovered Mo porphyry‐type deposit in the Gangdese Metallogenic Belt. The orebody is hosted by the Eocene multi‐stage composite intrusive complex which is emplaced in the Upper Permian Mengla Formation and cut by the Miocene dykes. Granite porphyry is recognized as the ore‐bearing porphyry in the complex, which consists of quartz diorite, quartz monzonite, granite, prophyritic granite and post‐mineral lamprophyre. Granodiorite porphyry and dacite porphyry intrude the granite porphyry. Geochemical data indicate that Sharang complex has a High‐K calc‐alkalinc to shoshonitic, metaluminous to slightly peraluminous composition. The Sharang complex rocks are enriched in large ion lithophile elements, depleted in high‐field strength elements, Nb, Sr, P and Ti. REE patterns show slight enrichments in light REE relative to heavy REE and weak negative Eu anomalies. All rocks in this complex have a wide range of initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.705605∼0.712496) and lower εNd(t) values (−0.61∼−7.80). The geochemical data suggest highly oxidized‐evolved magma and old continental materials may have been the magma source for the Sharang intrusive complex that host porphyry Mo mineralization. Eocene pre‐ore and ore‐forming rocks at Sharang may have formed by partial melting of mantle wedge and by mixing with old continental crust at the lower crust level. In contrast the post‐ore rocks may have formed by partial melting of enriched lithospheric mantle.
Septic arthritis, navicular bursitis and osseous cyst‐like lesion in a foal
Authors: Griffin J. F. , Coleman M. C. , Quist E. , Spaulding K. A. , Dabareiner R. M. , Giri D. K. , Pool R. R. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryThe purpose of this report is to describe the clinical, imaging and pathological findings in a Quarter Horse colt admitted to the Texas A&M University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital for lameness of the left forelimb and left hindlimb. A presumptive diagnosis of left forelimb septic navicular bursitis was made ultrasonographically. A cyst‐like lesion of the calcaneus was diagnosed radiographically and better characterised with computed tomography. The cyst‐like lesion of the calcaneus was caused by infection withActinobacillussp. and extended into the adjacent tarsocrural, proximal intertarsal and talocalcaneal joints causing septic arthritis. The owner elected for euthanasia due to the poor prognosis. The diagnoses were confirmed on histopathology.
A Diffuse Interface Model for Void Formation under Non-Equilibrium Irradiation
Authors: Rokkam Srujan , El-Azab Anter 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTVoid formation in irradiated materials is an intriguing and technologically important physical process associated with radiation damage. In this communication, we present a diffuse interface model for simulating void formation in materials under irradiation. Voids are treated as aggregates of vacancies left from the cascade damage. The emergence of the void ensembles in the irradiated material is modeled by an Allen-Cahn equation coupled with two Cahn-Hilliard equations governing the space and time evolution of vacancies and interstitials. The governing system of equations includes stochastic generation of point defects representing the cascade process, reaction of vacancies and interstitials, interaction of point defects with extended defects (viz., void surface and grain boundaries) and thermal fluctuations in defects. Numerical simulations demonstrating the model capabilities with respect to nucleation and growth of voids and swelling of the irradiated material are presented.