bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between socioeconomic status and traditional chinese medicine use among children in Taiwan
Authors: Shih Chun-Chuan , Liao Chien-Chang , Su Yi-Chang , Yeh Tsu F , Lin Jaung-Geng 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundTraditional Chinese medicine (TCM) utilization is common in Asian countries. Limited studies are available on the socioeconomic status (SES) associated with TCM use among the pediatric population. We report on the association between SES and TCM use among children and adolescents in Taiwan.MethodsA National Health Interview Survey was conducted in Taiwan in 2001 that included 5,971 children and adolescents. We assessed the children's SES using the head of household's education, occupation and income. This information was used to calculate pediatric SES scores, which in turn were divided into quartiles. Children and adolescents who visited TCM in the past month were defined as TCM users.ResultsCompared to children in the second SES quartile, children in the fourth SES quartile had a higher average number of TCM visits (0.12 vs. 0.06 visits, p = 0.027) and higher TCM use prevalence (5.0% vs. 3.6%, p = 0.024) within the past month. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for TCM use was higher for children in the fourth SES quartile than for those in the first SES quartile (OR 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-2.17). The corresponding OR was 2.17 for girls (95% CI 1.24-3.78). The highest-SES girls (aged 10-18 years) were most likely to visit TCM practices (OR 2.47; 95% CI 1.25-4.90).ConclusionsChildren and adolescents with high SES were more likely to use TCM and especially girls aged 10-18 years. Our findings point to the high use of complementary and alternative medicine among children and adolescents.
Further results of the estimate of growth of entire solutions of some classes of algebraic differential equations
Authors: Jianming Qi , Yezhou Li , Wenjun Yuan 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
In this article, by means of the normal family theory we estimate the growth order of entire solutions of some algebraic differential equations and improve the related results of Bergweiler, Barsegian, and others. We also estimate the growth order of entire solutions of a type system of a special algebraic differential equations. We give some examples to show that our results are sharp in special cases.

Mathematica Subject Classification (2000): Primary 34A20; Secondary 30D35.
Development and validation of serum bilirubin nomogram to predict the absence of risk for severe hyperbilirubinaemia before discharge: a prospective, multicenter study
Authors: Romagnoli Costantino , Tiberi Eloisa , Barone Giovanni , Curtis Mario De , Regoli Daniela , Paolillo Piermichele , Picone Simonetta , Anania Stefano , Finocchi Maurizio , Cardiello Valentina , Giordano Lucia , Paolucci Valentina , Zecca Enrico 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundEarly discharge of healthy late preterm and full term newborn infants has become common practice because of the current social and economic necessities. Severe jaundice, and even kernicterus, has developed in some term infants discharged early. This study was designed to elaborate a percentile-based hour specific total serum bilirubin (TSB) nomogram and to assess its ability to predict the absence of risk for subsequent non physiologic severe hyperbilirubinaemia before discharge.MethodsA percentile-based hour-specific nomogram for TSB values was performed using TSB data of 1708 healthy full term neonates. The nomogram's predictive ability was then prospectively assessed in five different first level neonatal units, using a single TSB value determined before discharge.ResultsThe 75thpercentile of hour specific TSB nomogram allows to predict newborn babies without significant hyperbilirubinemia only after the first 72 hours of life. In the first 48 hours of life the observation of false negative results did not permit a safe discharge from the hospital.ConclusionThe hour-specific TSB nomogram is able to predict all neonates without risk of non physiologic hyperbilirubinemia only after 48 to 72 hours of life. The combination of TSB determination and risk factors for hyperbilirubinemia could facilitate a safe discharge from the hospital and a targeted intervention and follow-up.
Age of blood and recipient factors determine the severity of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)
Authors: Tung John-Paul , Fraser John F , Nataatmadja Maria , Colebourne Kathryn I , Barnett Adrian G , Glenister Kristen M , Zhou Anna Y , Wood Peter , Silliman Christopher C , Fung Yoke L 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Critical care patients frequently receive blood transfusions. Some reports show an association between aged or stored blood and increased morbidity and mortality, including the development of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI). However, the existence of conflicting data endorses the need for research to either reject this association, or to confirm it and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Methods
Twenty-eight sheep were randomised into two groups, receiving saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Sheep were further randomised to also receive transfusion of pooled and heat-inactivated supernatant from fresh (Day 1) or stored (Day 42) non-leucoreduced human packed red blood cells (PRBC) or an infusion of saline. TRALI was defined by hypoxaemia during or within two hours of transfusion and histological evidence of pulmonary oedema. Regression modelling compared physiology between groups, and to a previous study, using stored platelet concentrates (PLT). Samples of the transfused blood products also underwent cytokine array and biochemical analyses, and their neutrophil priming ability was measured in vitro.

Results
TRALI did not develop in sheep that first received saline-infusion. In contrast, 80% of sheep that first received LPS-infusion developed TRALI following transfusion with "stored PRBC." The decreased mean arterial pressure and cardiac output as well as increased central venous pressure and body temperature were more severe for TRALI induced by "stored PRBC" than by "stored PLT." Storage-related accumulation of several factors was demonstrated in both "stored PRBC" and "stored PLT", and was associated with increased in vitro neutrophil priming. Concentrations of several factors were higher in the "stored PRBC" than in the "stored PLT," however, there was no difference to neutrophil priming in vitro.

Conclusions
In this in vivo ovine model, both recipient and blood product factors contributed to the development of TRALI. Sick (LPS infused) sheep rather than healthy (saline infused) sheep predominantly developed TRALI when transfused with supernatant from stored but not fresh PRBC. "Stored PRBC" induced a more severe injury than "stored PLT" and had a different storage lesion profile, suggesting that these outcomes may be associated with storage lesion factors unique to each blood product type. Therefore, the transfusion of fresh rather than stored PRBC may minimise the risk of TRALI.
Setting the bar: athletes and vulnerability to mental illness
Authors: Hughes Lynette , Leavey Gerard 
Published: February 2012

SummaryWhereas physical sport activity is generally considered a health benefit, extreme exercise may be harmful. Of particular concern in this regard is the considerable variation between doctors in the primary care setting and those working within the sports setting around the diagnosis and treatment of athletes presenting with similar symptoms. Known risk factors for athletes are herein presented to raise awareness of the negative side of sport and to bring attention to the psychological outcomes and needs of athletes. The need for research into the incidence and aetiology of mental illness within elite level sport is also raised.
Current position of psychiatry in UK foundation schools
Authors: Lowe John , Rands Gianetta 
Published: February 2012

Aims and methodWe report an audit of the provision of psychiatric postgraduate education within the foundation programme and psychiatry specialty programmes in the UK. Our primary measure was the number of foundation posts in psychiatry. Our audit standard was that all foundation doctors should receive programmed training in psychiatry via a psychiatry foundation post.ResultsWe found a total of 413 foundation posts in psychiatry in 21 out of 22 foundation schools in England. This figure is only a fifth of that required to meet the audit standard. There is training capacity for 500 core trainees and 460 higher trainees in psychiatry per year. Currently, 13.6% of specialists other than general practitioners on the General Medical Council registers are psychiatrists.Clinical implicationsThe provision of programmed postgraduate training in psychiatry in UK foundation schools is inadequate. The training needs of all doctors, the mental healthcare needs of all patients, and recruitment to psychiatry are all likely to suffer as a consequence.
Patient-reported outcome measures v. clinician-measured outcomes in community psychiatric practice
Authors: Kodagalli Anil , Mynors-Wallis Laurence , Cope Denise , Ogollah Reuben , Immins Tikki 
Published: February 2012

Aims and methodWe examine the feasibility of the routine use of three patient-reported and one clinician-rated outcome measures (patient-identified problem, EuroQol-5D questionnaire, EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale and Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS)) in an out-patient community psychiatric service, and discuss the associations between these variables.ResultsThe routine collection of outcome measures was feasible in the out-patient setting. There was a general improvement in the health status from the initial assessment to the first follow-up. Subsequent scores remained stable.Clinical implicationsThe study encourages the practical use of scales in routine community psychiatric practice. As there was correlation between HoNOS and EQ-5D index, both need not be used in routine practice.
Psychiatry recruited you, but will it retain you? Survey of trainees' opinions
Authors: Barras Christina , Harris Jessica 
Published: February 2012

Aims and methodTo gather opinion from trainees across England about their current experiences and future career plans. This was done via an internet-based survey.ResultsOut of the 359 responses we received, 65.8% of trainees planned to stay in psychiatry until retirement. Trainees felt several issues were problematic, including the attitude of other specialties towards psychiatry, perceived substandard treatment of psychiatric patients by other specialties and implications of New Ways of Working.Clinical implicationsDespite there being many areas of training respondents were happy with, if attrition is to be minimised, issues such as how psychiatric trainees integrate with the other medical specialties and how the role of doctors in the specialty is perceived need to be addressed.
Selecting staff for a personality disorder service: report from the field
Authors: Lee Tennyson , Ellingford Claire , Blackburn Samantha , Bishop Elizabeth , Ragiadakos Nikolas , Elcock Patricia , Bhui Kamaldeep 
Published: February 2012

Aims and methodTo select staff for a personality disorder service by exposing applicants to anticipated challenges. Applicants took part in a role play, an unstructured group with fellow applicants and numbers of the interviewing panel, and a panel interview. A service user representative was involved from the initial planning stage.ResultsMultiple assessment methods enabled fine discrimination between applicants. Appointed staff said they felt the interviews were a valid test of required skills and have been well regarded by patients in the programme.Clinical implicationsSelecting staff for a personality disorder service benefits from using multiple interview methods. The service user representative and role-play actor can contribute crucially by representing the patient's perspective. Key domains to assess include the applicant's psychological qualities, psychiatric skills and ability to work in a team.
A Spin-carrying Naphthalenediimide Derivative with Azobenzene Unit
Authors: Nakagawa Miki , Akutsu Hiroki , Yamada Jun-ichi , Karakawa Makoto , Aso Yoshio , Fall Sadiara , Heiser Thomas , Nakatsuji Shin’ichi 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
A naphthalenediimide derivative 3a carrying TEMPO radical and azobenzene substituent was found to show photoresponsive magnetic as well as FET properties upon illumination. The alteration of its mobility has also been demonstrated by applying magnetic field and hence the FET characteristics of 3a have been proven to be photo- as well as magneto-responsive.
Change in the Morphology of the Terrace Edges on Graphite Surfaces by Electrochemical Reduction
Authors: Kubota Shosei , Yonezawa Tetsu , Nagahama Taro , Shimada Toshihiro 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
We found that graphite surfaces can be etched by electrochemical reduction in sulfuric acid. Terraces with straight edges crossing with 60°-multiple angles were found on surfaces by AFM observation. It suggests that crystallographic edges can be formed at room temperature in a controlled manner. Layer-by-layer etching of graphene sheets was possible by tuning the etching condition.
Californian Musicology
Authors: Guin Elisabeth Le , Cayward Margaret 
Published: February 2012

Craig Russell's book makes important contributions to the study of European music as it was brought to, implemented in, and shaped by the mission communities of Alta California. This field of inquiry by its nature questions received notions of musical historiography, especially as it pertains to the relationship of documentary and ethnographic evidence. Documents are sparse at best for much of this music, and those that survive represent the musical traditions of the Spanish colonizers. In disciplinary terms, this translates into an interrogation of the relationship between musicology and ethnomusicology.
The authors, each representing one of these two fields, present a dialogue between the text under review and other existing work on California mission music and on the ethics and epistemology of postcolonial musicology. Further questions are duly raised about how Russell handles the great complexity of the mission situation, as regards colonial power relations, the applicability (or lack thereof) of Eurocentric historicity, and the delicate matter of representing the viewpoint of the California Indians involved in musical negotiations of culture under the mission system.
Inferring Coancestry in Population Samples in the Presence of Linkage Disequilibrium
Authors: Brown M D , Glazner C G , Zheng C , Thompson E A 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
In both pedigree linkage studies and in population-based association studies there has been much interest in the use of modern dense genetic marker data to infer segments of gene identity by descent (ibd) among individuals not known to be related, to increase power and resolution in localizing genes affecting complex traits. In this article, we present a hidden Markov model (HMM) for ibd among a set of chromosomes and describe methods and software for inference of ibd among the four chromosomes of pairs of individuals, using either phased (haplotypic) or unphased (genotypic) data. The model allows for missing data and typing error, but does not model linkage disequilibrium (LD), because fitting an accurate LD model requires large samples from well-studied populations. However, LD remains a major confounding factor, since LD is itself a reflection of coancestry at the population level. To study the impact of LD, we have developed a novel simulation approach to generate realistic dense marker data for the same set of markers but at varying levels of LD. Using this approach, we present results of a study of the impact of LD on the sensitivity and specificity of our HMM model in estimating segments of ibd among sets of four chromosomes and between genotype pairs. We show that, despite not incorporating LD, our model has been quite successful in detecting segments as small as 106 bp (1 Mpb); we present also comparisons with fastIBD which uses an LD model in estimating ibd.
Sensory Organ Remodeling in Caenorhabditis elegans Requires the Zinc-Finger Protein ZTF-16
Authors: Procko Carl , Lu Yun , Shaham Shai 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Neurons and glia display remarkable morphological plasticity, and remodeling of glia may facilitate neuronal shape changes. The molecular basis and control of glial shape changes is not well understood. In response to environmental stress, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans enters an alternative developmental state, called dauer, in which glia and neurons of the amphid sensory organ remodel. Here, we describe a genetic screen aimed at identifying genes required for amphid glia remodeling. We previously demonstrated that remodeling requires the Otx-type transcription factor TTX-1 and its direct target, the receptor tyrosine kinase gene ver-1. We now find that the hunchback/Ikaros-like C2H2 zinc-finger factor ztf-16 is also required. We show that ztf-16 mutants exhibit pronounced remodeling defects, which are explained, at least in part, by defects in the expression of ver-1. Expression and cell-specific rescue studies suggest that ztf-16, like ttx-1, functions within glia; however, promoter deletion studies show that ztf-16 acts through a site on the ver-1 promoter that is independent of ttx-1. Our studies identify an important component of glia remodeling and suggest that transcriptional changes may underlie glial morphological plasticity in the sensory organs of C. elegans.
Hydrophilic Ionic Liquids in the Synthesis of Hantzsch Ester
Authors: Pavlovica S. , Gzibovska E. , Zicmanis A. , Mekss P. , Klavins M. 
Published: February 2012

Hydrophilic Ionic Liquids in the Synthesis of Hantzsch Ester
Hantzsch ester synthesis was investigated using (2-hydroxyethyl)-ammonium carboxylates, polar and hydrophilic ionic liquids possessing low toxicity and high biodegradability. The reaction rates and yields of the products in ionic liquids were greater than those in common organic solvents. The relationship between the structure of the ionic liquid used and the structure of the heterocyclic compound was investigated.
Oximes of Seven-Membered Heterocyclic Compounds Containing One Heteroatom
Authors: Ābele E. , Ābele R. , Golomba Ļ. , Višņevska J. , Beresņeva T. , Rubina K. 
Published: February 2012

Oximes of Seven-Membered Heterocyclic Compounds Containing One Heteroatom
Literature data on the synthesis and structure of azepane, oxepane and thiepane oximes were reviewed. Synthesis of novel heterocycles from oximes of seven-membered heterocycles containing one heteroatom were described. Biological activity of oximes of seven-membered heterocycles with one heteroatom was also reviewed.
Validation of frontal near-infrared spectroscopy as noninvasive bedside monitoring for regional cerebral blood flow in brain-injured patients
Authors: Taussky Philipp , O'Neal Brandon , Daugherty Wilson P. , Luke Sothear , Thorpe Dallas , Pooley Robert A. , Evans Clay , Hanel Ricardo A. , Freeman William D. 
Published: February 2012

Object
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) offers noninvasive bedside measurement of direct regional cerebral arteriovenous (mixed) brain oxygenation. To validate the accuracy of this monitoring technique, the authors analyzed the statistical correlation of NIRS and CT perfusion with respect to regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements.

Methods
The authors retrospectively reviewed all cases in which NIRS measurements were obtained at a single, academic neurointensive care unit from February 2008 to June 2011 in which CT perfusion was performed at the same time as NIRS data was collected. Regions of interest were obtained 2.5 cm below the NIRS bifrontal scalp probe on CT perfusion with an average volume between 2 and 4 ml, with mean CBF values used for purposes of analysis. Linear regression analysis was performed for NIRS and CBF values.

Results
The study included 8 patients (2 men, 6 women), 6 of whom suffered subarachnoid hemorrhage, 1 ischemic stroke, and 1 intracerebral hemorrhage and brain edema. Mean CBF measured by CT perfusion was 61 ml/100 g/min for the left side and 60 ml/100 g/min for the right side, while mean NIRS values were 75 on the right and 74 on the left. Linear regression analysis demonstrated a statistically significant probability value (p < 0.0001) comparing NIRS frontal oximetry and CT perfusion–obtained CBF values.

Conclusions
The authors demonstrated a linear correlation for frontal NIRS cerebral oxygenation measurements compared with regional CBF on CT perfusion imaging. Thus, frontal NIRS cerebral oxygenation measurement may serve as a useful, noninvasive, bedside intensive care unit monitoring tool to assess brain oxygenation in a direct manner.
Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction in Posttraumatic Elbow Release
Authors: Malone Kevin J. , Martineau Paul A. , Hanel Douglas P. 
Published: February 2012

The purpose of this retrospective cohort comparison study was to determine the effect of ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction on postoperative range of motion (ROM) in patients undergoing posttraumatic elbow contracture release.
Twenty-four consecutive patients underwent elbow arthrolysis. Six patients also underwent simultaneous collateral ligament excision and reconstruction, and 18 did not require ligament excision. All patients followed the same postoperative rehabilitation program. Minimum follow-up was 12 months. Final flexion/extension ROMs were similar in both groups. No subjective reports of postoperative elbow instability occurred in either group.
Ligament reconstruction and early postoperative motion can be safely performed in the setting of posttraumatic elbow capsulectomy without sacrificing ROM gain or compromising stability provided by the ligament reconstruction.
Comparative evaluation of the modified Scarff-Bloom-Richardson grading system on breast carcinoma aspirates and histopathology
Authors: Bansal Cherry , Singh U. S. , Misra Sanjeev , Sharma Kiran Lata , Tiwari Vandana , Srivastava A. N. 
Published: February 2012

Background:Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is a quick, minimally invasive procedure for evaluation of breast tumors. The Scarff-Bloom-Richardson (SBR) grade on histological sections is a well-established tool to guide selection of adjuvant systemic therapy. Grade evaluation is possible on cytology smears to avoid and minimize the morbidity associated with overtreatment of lower grade tumors.Aim:The aim was to test the hypothesis whether breast FNA from the peripheral portion of the lesion is representative of Scarff-Bloom-Richardson grade on histopathology as compared to FNA from the central portion.Materials and Methods:Fine-needle aspirates and subsequent tissue specimens from 45 women with ductal carcinoma (not otherwise specified) were studied. FNAs were performed under ultrasound guidance from the central as well as the peripheral third of the lesion for each case avoiding areas of necrosis/calcification. The SBR grading was compared on alcohol fixed aspirates and tissue sections for each case.Results:Comparative analysis of SBR grade on aspirates from the peripheral portion and histopathology by the Pearson chi-square test (χ2=78.00) showed that it was statistically significant (P<0.001) with 93% concordance. Lower mitotic score on aspirates from the peripheral portion was observed in only 4 out of 45 (9%) cases. The results of the Pearson chi-square test (χ2= 75.824) with statistically significant (P=0.000).Conclusion:This prospective study shows that FNA smears from the peripheral portion of the lesion are representative of the grading performed on the corresponding histopathological sections. It is possible to score and grade by SBR system on FNA smears.