bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scandium‐Catalyzed Preparation of Cytotoxic 3‐Functionalized Quinolin‐2‐ones: Regioselective Ring Enlargement of Isatins or Imino Isatins
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Aragoncillo Cristina , Gómez‐Campillos Gonzalo , Arnó Manuel , Domingo Luis R. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTrimethylsilyldiazomethane in the presence of catalytic amounts of Sc(OTf)3 smoothly promotes the ring expansion of isatins or imino isatins to efficiently afford 3‐functionalized quinolin‐2‐ones through controlled ring enlargement. Whereas the ring‐expansion reaction of azetidine‐2,3‐diones led to the adduct resulting from migration of the carbonyl group, the ring‐expansion reaction of oxindole derivatives gave the adduct resulting from migration of the aryl group. To rationalize the experimental observations, theoretical studies have been performed. Moreover, the biological activity of some of the synthesized heterocycles has been evaluated in four cancer cell lines.
6LoWPAN: a study on QoS security threats and countermeasures using intrusion detection system approach
Authors: Le Anhtuan , Loo Jonathan , Lasebae Aboubaker , Aiash Mahdi , Luo Yuan 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYFuelled to bring the Internet of Things concept to real life, the Internet Engineering Task Force is working on 6LoWPAN, in which the standard allows a vast number of smart objects to be deployed in local wireless sensor networks (WSNs) using the huge address space of IPv6 for data and information harvesting through the Internet. From the security point of view, 6LoWPAN/WSN will be open to security threats from the local network itself and the Internet. Cryptography techniques applied as the front line of defence or deterrent can easily be broken because of the weak secure nature of LoWPAN devices and the wireless environment. Compromised nodes could lead to insider attacks without being detected by any cryptography checking. An intrusion detection system (IDS) is, primarily needed as a second line of defence to monitor the network operations and raise an alarm in case of any anomaly. This paper analyses potential security threats in 6LoWPAN and reviews the current countermeasures, in particular, the IDS‐based solutions for countering insider/internal threats. Additionally, it discovers three novel QoS‐related security threats, namely rank attack, local repair attack, and resource depleting attack, which are more seriously affecting the routing protocol for low‐power and lossy network, the routing protocol used to establish 6LoWPAN network topology. A new two‐layer IDS concept is introduced as a countermeasure method for securing the routing protocol for low‐power and lossy network‐built network topology from the internal QoS attacks. Potential research works are also presented to provide baseline reference to researchers in this field. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An educational experiment system for simulated CT devices with coherent light
Authors: Ogura Izumi , Nyui Yoshiyuki , Abe Shinji , Negishi Toru , Shinoda Yukitaka , Date Norihiko , Tsumuraya Mitsunori , Higo Takashi 
Published: May 2012

AbstractToday, X‐ray computed tomography (CT) devices are used in a wide range of fields including medical and industrial applications. It is not easy for students in engineering fields including electrical and electronic engineering to understand the electrical and image analysis principles of X‐ray CT devices. Also, in teaching facilities that educate radiographic personnel who actually work with this equipment in medical fields, testing and training are usually performed using real X‐ray CT devices. Since these devices are large and have a complex internal structure, students are currently limited with regard to the types of testing and training that they are able to perform. This makes it difficult for medical students to gain a proper understanding of the principles behind X‐ray CT devices. There is consequently a need for a simple educational test system that enables engineering and medical students to understand how X‐ray CT devices work. We report the construction of an educational test system that simulates an X‐ray CT device based on optical heterodyne detection using laser light for simulation experiments, and the construction of a system that is capable of performing image reconstruction experiments using data obtained with this test system. We also report a test system that is capable of acquiring simulated X‐ray CT images. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(6): 32–40, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11367
Sample‐based collection and adjustment of rules for metadata extraction in business documents
Authors: Matsumoto Toshiko , Oba Mitsuharu , Onoyama Takashi , Akiyoshi Masanori 
Published: May 2012

AbstractToward facile introduction of metadata‐based document management systems, we propose an algorithm which uses sample documents and their manually specified metadata as training data, and generates metadata‐extraction rules. Our algorithm enumerates candidates of keywords and layout characteristics specific to the metadata on the basis of metadata occurrence in the training data. It then examines whether each candidate is specific to only one kind of metadata. In an experiment on Japanese business documents and weekly reports, automatically generated rules achieved metadata extraction as accurate as manually adjusted ones. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(6): 1–11, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11373
Identification of a novel partner gene, TPR, fused to FGFR1 in 8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome
Authors: Li Feng , Zhai Yong‐Ping , Tang Yu‐Mei , Wang Li‐Ping , Wan Pin‐Jun 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe 8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome (EMS) is an aggressive neoplasm caused by the fusion of various partner genes to fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1). Various FGFR1 fusions are associated with subtly distinct disease phenotypes. Here, we report a new translocation at the FGFR1 locus in a patient who carried t(1;8)(q25;p11.2) and presented with myeloproliferative neoplasm‐like symptoms. The patient was characterized by myeloid hyperplasia of bone marrow, markedly elevated numbers of monocytes, and normal to mildly elevated eosinophils. Initial fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis confirmed that FGFR1 in this patient was disrupted. Subsequent analysis led to the identification of a novel translocation, in which exon 23 of the translocated promoter region (TPR) gene at chromosome band 1q25 was fused to exon 13 of FGFR1 (RefSeq NM_0231102.2). The TPR portion of the fusion protein contains putative functional motifs including an N‐terminal TprMet domain, nuclear pore complexes associating domain, and multiple coiled‐coil domains. It is likely that one or more of the motifs from TPR contribute to dimerization, resulting in constitutive activation of the FGFR1 kinase domain. Our results further support a critical role of FGFR1 in the pathogenesis of EMS and may lead to more accurate diagnosis and potential targeted therapy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CONSISTENT ESTIMATION OF ZERO‐INFLATED COUNT MODELS
Authors: Staub Kevin E. , Winkelmann Rainer 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTApplications of zero‐inflated count data models have proliferated in health economics. However, zero‐inflated Poisson or zero‐inflated negative binomial maximum likelihood estimators are not robust to misspecification. This article proposes Poisson quasi‐likelihood estimators as an alternative. These estimators are consistent in the presence of excess zeros without having to specify the full distribution. The advantages of the Poisson quasi‐likelihood approach are illustrated in a series of Monte Carlo simulations and in an application to the demand for health services. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systemic mirnas as potential biomarkers for malignancy
Authors: Healy N.A. , Heneghan H.M. , Miller N. , Osborne C.K. , Schiff R. , Kerin M.J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMiRNAs are a class of short, endogenous, single‐stranded RNA molecules that play a role in the regulation of gene expression. They have been shown to modulate a number of cellular processes including cell differentiation, growth and apoptosis and as a result have been implicated in carcinogenesis. They are detectable in tumour tissue, and altered expression levels have been identified in various cancer types. Of interest, miRNAs have recently been detected and identified to be dysregulated in the circulation of patients with breast cancer. The fact that a minimally invasive test can distinguish the presence or absence of disease illustrates the immense potential these molecules hold as predictive markers. This review serves to identify those systemic miRNAs that are upregulated or downregulated in malignancy and how treatment impacts on their circulating levels. In addition, this review questions the source of these small molecules in the bloodstream and how they may possibly play a role in the future detection of cancer as either prognostic or predictive markers. © 147.
Weekly Change in Mindfulness and Perceived Stress in a Mindfulness‐Based Stress Reduction Program
Authors: Baer Ruth A. , Carmody James , Hunsinger Matthew 
Published: May 2012

ObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to examine weekly change in self‐reported mindfulness and perceived stress in participants who completed an 8‐week course in mindfulness‐based stress reduction (MBSR).MethodParticipants were 87 adults with problematic levels of stress related to chronic illness, chronic pain, and other life circumstances (mean age = 49 years, 67% female) participating in MBSR in an academic medical center. They completed weekly self‐report assessments of mindfulness skills and perceived stress. It was hypothesized that significant improvement in mindfulness skills would precede significant change in stress.ResultsMindfulness skills and perceived stress both changed significantly from pretreatment to posttreatment. Significant increases in mindfulness occurred by the second week of the program, whereas significant improvements in perceived stress did not occur until week 4. Extent of change in mindfulness skills during the first three weeks predicted change in perceived stress over the course of the intervention.ConclusionsEvidence that changes in mindfulness precede changes in perceived stress in a standard MBSR course is consistent with previous studies suggesting that improvements in mindfulness skills may mediate the effects of mindfulness training on mental health outcomes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Clin. Psychol. 68:755‐765, 2012
Findings of Long‐Term Depression up to 8 Years Post Infection From West Nile Virus
Authors: Nolan Melissa S. , Hause Anne M. , Murray Kristy O. 
Published: May 2012

ObjectiveTo examine the psychological sequelae following West Nile virus (WNV) infection among a large cohort of participants over an 8‐year period.DesignWe conducted a longitudinal study to assess mental health outcomes among a cohort of 171 WNV‐positive participants in Houston, Texas.ResultsWe found 35% of participants met the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale definition for new onset clinical depression. Multivariate analysis found that severe depression was significantly associated with gender and physical disability (Barthel index score <100) at 5 years post‐WNV infection.ConclusionsPractitioners should be aware of depression as a possible outcome in patients who were infected with WNV and include this as a part of their routine assessment. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Clin. Psychol. 68:801‐808, 2012.
The effect of humic and glutamic acids in nutrient solution on the N metabolism in lettuce
Authors: Haghighi Maryam 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: This paper reports for the first time the influence of partially replacing the nitrogen (N) source of a nutrient solution with amino acids and humic acid on the physiological and antioxidant activities and N metabolism in lettuce. A hydroponic experiment was designed to replace 25 and 50% of the N in nutrient solutions (NSs) with glutamic acid (GA) and humic acid (HA) and evaluate the effects on growth, nitrate (NO3) assimilation, protein content, nitrate reductase (NR) activity and antioxidant changes in lettuce.RESULTS: The results showed that, when a portion of the N was replaced with GA and HA, the fresh and dry weights of lettuce shoots did not change significantly compared with the full NO3 treatment. The titratable acidity was not affected by adding HA and/or GA to the NS. The nitrite concentration and NR activity decreased with reductions in the N concentration of the NS and improved with the addition of GA and HA. GA enhanced the NO3 uptake and protein content more than HA. Changes in the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities and malondialdehyde content were inconclusive: SOD and POD activities decreased with decreasing N content of the NS, and HA addition improved the SOD and POD activities.CONCLUSION: When HA and GA were substituted for NO3 in an NS, the acids effectively adjusted the N metabolism and growth in lettuce and decreased the N consumption of the NS. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Texture analysis of 5182 aluminum alloy sheets for improved drawability by rolling process
Authors: Kim K. J. , Won S.‐T. , Park J.‐H. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTo fabricate aluminum alloys with good drawability, the texture evolution of AA5182 sheets after rolling with high reduction ratios and subsequent annealing was studied. The measurement of the deformed textures was carried out for sheets with high reduction ratio and the change of the recrystallization texture was investigated after heat‐treatments of the rolled sheets. Rolling without lubrication and subsequent annealing led to the formation of favorable rot‐CND {001}<110> and γ‐fiber ND//<111> textures in AA5182 sheets. From the results, the γ‐fiber ND//<111> component well evolved during rolling at high l/δ parameter of 6.77. The initial shear deformation texture, especially, the γ‐fiber ND//<111> texture was not rotated during heat treatment at holding time of 180~7,200 sonds on AA5182 in present rolling condition. Since the measured textures of the AA5182 sheets were nearly the same as IF (interstitial free) steel, the plastic strain ratio (R‐value) were measured. The measurement of the plastic strain ratio was carried out for the AA5182 sheets which were cold rolled by using the symmetric roll and annealed in order to analyze the sheet drawability. The average plastic strain ratio of the AA5182 sheets was 1.50. It was considered that the higher plastic strain ratio resulted from the γ‐fiber ND//<111> component evolved during rolling and maintained during annealing. Therefore, the AA5182 sheets were fabricated by rolling having well evolved γ‐fiber ND//<111> texture which is advantageous for a good drawability of the sheets.
Sol‐gel synthesis and washing of amorphous g‐FeO(OH) xerogels
Authors: Durães L. , Benedini L. , Costa B. F. O. , Portugal A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIron(III) oxyhydroxide xerogels were prepared by the sol‐gel technology including a washing step for removal of a salt by‐product. The synthesis involved an iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate as precursor, ethanol as solvent and ammonium hydroxide as gelation agent, following the procedure of an earlier work. As this chemical route originates ammonium nitrate as a by‐product dispersed in the iron oxyhydroxide matrix, the removal of this salt by washing the gel before the drying stage is here studied. Two solvents were tested, namely water and ethanol, being the best washing efficiency (95%) achieved with water and two washing batches. Comparing the xerogels obtained without and with the washing step, the later only contained an insignificant amount of ammonium nitrate salt, as confirmed by Elemental Analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The iron phase in the washed xerogels was found to be g‐FeO(OH), according to FTIR and Mössbauer spectroscopy results, and in consonance with the prevailing iron phase in the unwashed xerogels. The washed xerogels are amorphous and formed by large clusters of well connected nanocrystallites of iron oxyhydroxide. The washing step enhanced the clearing of mesopores, originating materials with a specific surface area of ˜ 250 m2/g, 60 times higher than for unwashed xerogels.
Antituberculosis Drug Research: A Critical Overview
Authors: Beena  , Rawat Diwan S. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe increasing drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to the currently used drugs and HIV coinfection has caused alarm in the international scientific community. Subsequently, there is an urgent need for the development of new drug molecules with newer targets and with an alternative mechanism of action. Since the last 50 years, the same long‐duration, multidrug treatment plan is being followed for the treatment of tuberculosis. The objective of this review article is to critically analyze the antitubercular potential of various classes of compounds (quinoline, diamine, quinolone, fluoroquinolone, quinone, nitroimidazole, terpenoid, isonicotinyl, oxazolidinone, pyrimidine, and purine), their possibility to be a future drug candidate, and latest information on the clinical status of some novel antitubercular compounds. Compounds such as moxifloxacin, PA824, and TMC207 are well tolerated and there is no adverse effect shown by them. Moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin shows cross‐resistance to the currently used drugs while no cross‐resistance observed in case of TMC207 and PA824. Some compounds like OPC67683 and PA824 are bactericidal in nature.
Hydroxyl‐functional polyurethanes and polyesters: synthesis, properties and potential biomedical application
Authors: Hahn Christian , Keul Helmut , Möller Martin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis mini review gives an overview of the synthesis of polyurethanes and polyesters with pendant hydroxyl groups performed mainly in our group. Significant for the synthesis of most of these polymers with hydroxyl‐functional side groups is that no protection groups are needed. This is realised either by generating the OH group during polymer synthesis—demonstrated by the preparation of hydroxyl‐functional polyurethanes from dicarbonate monomers and diamines—or by using catalysts which discriminate between primary and secondary OH groups—demonstrated by the synthesis of hydroxyl‐functional polyesters based on malic acid using scandium triflate as catalyst. In addition, the potential of carbonate couplers for the synthesis of multifunctional polyurethane is presented. The application of such multifunctional polyurethanes as antimicrobial polymers and coatings is briefly discussed. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Family experience with difficult decisions in end‐of‐life care
Authors: Huang Hsien‐Liang , Chiu Tai‐Yuan , Lee Long‐Teng , Yao Chien‐An , Chen Ching‐Yu , Hu Wen‐Yu 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe difficult decisions encountered by family caregivers in the process of care for patients with terminal cancer are seldom studied. Investigating their experiences with difficult decisions may help relieve their psychological distress. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and difficulty of decisions experienced in end‐of‐life care and to identify related factors.MethodsA cross‐sectional study using questionnaires was conducted with family caregivers of patients who died of cancer in a university hospital. Difficulty of decisions and relevant influencing variables including demographic data, knowledge in palliative care and the Natural Death Act, and beliefs on the Natural Death Act were measured.ResultsA total of 302 bereaved family caregivers were included in the final analysis. The most difficult decisions commonly encountered in both hospice and non‐hospice wards related to truth telling, place of care, and alternative treatments. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that older age (odds ratio = 0.92, 95% confidence interval = 0.89–0.95), not being the main family caregiver (0.20, 0.06–0.62), and less perception of burdens regarding the Natural Death Act (0.61, 0.37–0.99) were negatively correlated with the difficulty of decisions.ConclusionsFamilies frequently encountered difficult decisions while caring for terminally ill loved ones. Better communication with family members, particularly the main caregiver, to diminish negative perceptions of the Natural Death Act could help to decrease psychological distress. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strong resistance to phosphine in the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae): its characterisation, a rapid assay for diagnosis and its distribution in Australia
Authors: Nayak Manoj K , Holloway Joanne C , Emery Robert N , Pavic Hervoika , Bartlet Justin , Collins Patrick J 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: The recent development of very high resistance to phosphine in rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), seriously threatens stored‐grain biosecurity. The aim was to characterise this resistance, to develop a rapid bioassay for its diagnosis to support pest management and to document the distribution of resistance in Australia in 2007–2011.RESULTS: Bioassays of purified laboratory reference strains and field‐collected samples revealed three phenotypes: susceptible, weakly resistant and strongly resistant. With resistance factors of > 1000 × , resistance to phosphine expressed by the strong resistance phenotype was higher than reported for any stored‐product insect species. The new time‐to‐knockdown assay rapidly and accurately diagnosed each resistance phenotype within 6 h. Although less frequent in western Australia, weak resistance was detected throughout all grain production regions. Strong resistance occurred predominantly in central storages in eastern Australia.CONCLUSION: Resistance to phosphine in the rusty grain beetle is expressed through two identifiable phenotypes: weak and strong. Strong resistance requires urgent changes to current fumigation dosages. The development of a rapid assay for diagnosis of resistance enables the provision of same‐day advice to expedite resistance management decisions. © 2012 Commonwealth of Australia. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toxicology of insecticides to mammals
Authors: Marrs Timothy C 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMany insecticides target structures or functions in non‐target species, including mammals. This is particularly true of those that target the insect nervous system, such as the organochlorines, anticholinesterases and GABA antagonists. Another group of insecticides target structures or functions not present in mammals, and this group of insecticides has considerable target species specificity, but there are often potential targets in mammals. Octopamine is closely related to adrenaline and amitraz (an octopamine receptor agonist) and acts in mammals at α2‐adrenergic receptors. Although there are potential targets in mammals for juvenile hormone mimics and ecdysone receptor agonists, there is no evidence that the mammalian toxicity of either group is related to their insecticidal activity. Nor do chitin synthesis inhibitors have high mammalian toxicity. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry