bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A NEW PULEX FROM QUEEN CHARLOTTE ISLANDS
Authors: Baker C. F. 
Published: February 2010

Belonging to Division II., group two of the genus as given in my Preliminary Studies. Nearest sciurorum.Head without combs of spines, in the female normal, highest at the occiput, gradually sloping forward, then rapidly curved in front, anterior edge of face nearly perpendicular, but rounded; head in male flat above or slightly concave, strongly rounded in front, the anterior edge of the face slightly receding. Bristles on head few, these being on both sides of the antennal groove and on the occiput. Antennal groove open, bristles on joint 2 short. Mandibles equalling or slightly exceeding the fore coxæ. Pronotal comb of twenty-two spines.
FURTHER ADDITIONS TO MY 1894 LIST OF WINNIPEG BUTTERFLIES, WITH NOTES FOR SEASON OF 1896
Authors: Hanham A. W. 
Published: February 2010

Neonympha eurytris, Fab.—Two. June 23rd and 26th. Both captured in Elm Park, near the City. These specimens differ somewhat from some I have taken near Quebec City. They are also larger.Carterocephalus mandan, Edw.—Two. June 18th and 20th. The first in Elm Park.Pamphila hobomok, Harr.
GRAPTA INTERROGATIONS
Authors: Snyder Arthur J. 
Published: February 2010

Under the title “Notes on Vanessa Interrogationis,” in the February number of Can. Ent., Mr. W. F. Fiske gives some interesting statements corresponding to observations made here. I kept bait for moths on the trees in and near my yard from the beginning of the year 1896, and captured Noctuids during January, February, and March.Diurnals came to the bait for the first time on April 12th. Vanessa Antiopa led the van, followed closely by the Graptas and Pyrameis Atalanta, In a few days Interrogationis and Atalanta were abundant. Grapta Comma appeared on the 17th of April.
LIBELLULA DEPLANATA OF RAMBUR
Authors: Needham James G. 
Published: February 2010

In December, 1896, Mr. Adolph Hempel sent me from Orange Co., Fla., some full-grown dragonfly nymphs which were apparently not to be referred to any of our known genera. At my request he undertook to breed some of them, and soon had imagoes of the species named above. In the letter which accompanied his bred specimens he recorded some careful observations, which are so interesting and valuable I deem them worthy of permanent record. The following account of the habits of this species is from Mr. Hempel's letter:This species frequents small ponds and the borders of adjacent woods. Imagoes fly, when undisturbed, quite leisurely. They will hover over one spot, then dart a few feet aside and hover again and again. The males are often found in low places about ponds, resting on the ground with wings aslant downward and forward. Sometimes they rest on reeds or snags in the water; sometimes out in the pine woods several hundred yards from water; they may be found resting on the sand warmed by the sun, on logs or on trees.
SUCCESSFUL COLLECTING AT ELECTRIC LIGHT
Authors: Moffat J. Alston 
Published: February 2010

I herewith give a full list of the Lepidoptera new to the Society's collection, taken by Mr. J. W. Bice at electric light during the season of 1896.Mr. Anderson and I picked out from amongst Mr. Bice's captures of about 2,000 mounted specimens of good material what seemed to be new to us; and after comparison with named specimens, or illustrations, having failed to recognize them, they were laid aside for others more competent than we to decide upon them.
PRELIMINARY STUDIES OF N. AMERICAN GOMPHINÆ
Authors: Needham James G. 
Published: February 2010

Face and frons above entirely yellow; a broad black band between the eyes, including the ocelli; antennæ black, the extreme rim of their cuplike insertions yellow. Occiput yellow, its border convex, ciliated with black. Rear of eyes brown, paler externally.Prothorax fuscous, with a median twin spot greenish.Thorax bright green, very thinly clad with brownish hairs, and faintly striped with brown. Dorsal and both lateral stripes subobsolete. Ilumeral stripe complete, irregular; antehumeral, isolated above, and separated from the humeral by a narrow green line. Subalar and antealar carinæ brown.
A PRINCIPLE TO OBSERVE IN NAMING GALLS: TWO NEW GALL-MAKING DIPTERA
Authors: Patton Wm. H. 
Published: February 2010

Œdaspis-solidago atra.Galls do not differ from those of Œ. polita, as described by Osten Sacken (Tr. A. E. Soc. ii., 301; 1869).This is an addition to the list of gall-making Trypetas given by Osten Sacken in Psyche for April, 1880. I bred both sexes from Solidago galls, Sept. 8, 1875, in Connecticut.
THE LIFE HISTORY OF EPIRRANTHIS OBFIRMARIA, Hbn.
Authors: Fyles Thomas W. 
Published: February 2010

Epirranthis obfirmaria is a swamp insect. I take it in “The Gomin” near Quebec, where, in ordinary seasons, it is on the wing from early in June till the close of that month. The following is a brief description of this beautiful insect:♂. Expanse of wings one inch; length of body half an inch; length of antennæ three-tenths of an inch. Colour a rich, warm brown. The primaries have a broad ochreous band, widest at the costa, outlined with dark brown. In this band, not far from the costa, is a dark brown spot. The secondaries have the outer third of the same warm brown as the primaries, with an ochreous patch at the outer angle of it. The rest of the wing is ochreous, clouded towards the base. The marginal dark brown line of this ochreous portion is somewhat angulated. In the part of lighest colour in the wing is a conspicuous dark brown spot. The antennæ are pectinsted.
LARVAL STAGES OF AMPHION NESSUS (Cr.)
Authors: Beutenmüller William 
Published: February 2010

Egg. —Pale green, almost globular; very similar to that of Everyx myron, but smaller. Young larvæ collected at Greenwood Lake, New Jersey, June 25th. Length, 1 mm.Stage I.—Pale apple-green, with numerous minute white dots and a narrow white subdorsal stripe along each side, beginning at the anterior part of the first segment and running to the base of the caudal horn, which is black, and brown at the base. Length, 9 mm. Moulted June 28th.
ON THE GENERIC POSITION OF SOME BEES HITHERTO REFERRED TO PANURGUS AND CALLIOPSIS
Authors: Cockerell T. D. A. 
Published: February 2010

Having lately received from Mr. Friese, of Innsbruck, a number of European bees, I have been led to re-examine certain of our species, in order to determine their relationship to a number of old-world genera not supposed to occur in America. The result is extremely interesting, and seems to show that we have for many years been placing bees in genera to which they by no meaos belong. The following table may be used provisionally to separate the genera under discussion:A. Tongue more or less short and broad, tapering at the end. (Andreninæ).
DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF CANADIAN PROCTOTRYPIDÆ
Authors: Ashmead William H. 
Published: February 2010

The following new genera and species of Proctotrypidæ were all collected in Canada by Mr. W. Hague Harrington, of Ottawa.Scorrioteleia, gen. nov.Abdomen with five visible segments; the last three segments long, slender, cylindrical, together as long as the second, and resembling the tenninal segments of a scorpion; the third segment is about as long as the fourth and fifth segments united, the fifth pointed. Front wings with the marginal vein shorter than the marginal cell, and scarcely twice as long as the first abscissa of radius, which is slightly oblique. Antennfæ 15-jointed, filiform, the first joint of flagellum the longest, about half the length of the scape, the following joints to the last very gradually shortening, the penultimate joint being about twice as long as thick, the last joint oblong-oval, one-half longer than the preceding.
MONODONTOMERUS IN APPALACHIA
Authors: Patton W. H. 
Published: February 2010

Monodontomerus stigma (Fabr.).M. viridæneus, Prov., Canada.Common in New England. In the District of Columbia I have reared it from the cell of Militoma euglossoides, var. taurea, Say.The genus Oligosthenus cannot remain separated, the fine dentitions of hind femora king more or less indistinct.A frequent variety has no cloud about stigma. The abdomen varies in the amount of purple.
ON REARING DRAGONFLIES
Authors: Needham James G. 
Published: February 2010

Field work in Entomology is full of delightful opportunities, and none, just at present, is more inviting, none more certain to repay well even a little effort, none more sure to yield discoveries of scientific value, than work upon the life-histories of Dragonflies.Of the species occurring throughout the central tier of States, a majority perhaps has now been bred; but of the Canadian, far western and southern species the known nymphs are few and far between.
CALLIMORPHA AGAIN.: Larva of Haploa fulvicosta and notes on the male genitalia
Authors: Dyar Harrison G. 
Published: February 2010

The difficulty of defining species in this genus is increased by the constancy of the local form or races. I have elsewhere referred (Ent. News, VII., 218) to the race of fulvicosta which Mr. O. D. Foulks has discovered at Stockton, Md. Mr. Foulks was so kind as to send me over 100 hibernated larvæ, from which I bred a long series of moths. The type form is large, the size of reversa and colona, both wings immaculate yellowish-white, head, collar and the tips of the abdominal rings ochre-yellow.In var. A the fore wings are nearly pure white, the hind wings much yellower, suggesting conscita, though never so dark as that form.
Protein Kinase D1 Is Essential for the Proinflammatory Response Induced by Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis-Causing Thermophilic Actinomycetes Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula
Authors: Kim Young-In , Park Jeoung-Eun , Brand David D. , Fitzpatrick Elizabeth A. , Yi Ae-Kyung 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is an interstitial lung disease that results from repeated pulmonary exposure to various organic Ags, including Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula, the causative agent of farmer’s lung disease. Although the contributions of proinflammatory mediators to the disease pathogenesis are relatively well documented, the mechanism(s) involved in the initiation of proinflammatory responses against the causative microorganisms and the contribution of signaling molecules involved in the host immune defense have not been fully elucidated. In the current study, we found that S. rectivirgula induces the activation of protein kinase D (PKD)1 in lung cells in vitro and in vivo. Activation of PKD1 by S. rectivirgula was dependent on MyD88. Inhibition of PKD by pharmacological PKD inhibitor Gö6976 and silencing of PKD1 expression by small interfering RNA revealed that PKD1 is indispensable for S. rectivirgula-mediated activation of MAPKs and NF-κB and the expression of various proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In addition, compared with controls, mice pretreated with Gö6976 showed significantly suppressed alveolitis and neutrophil influx in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid and interstitial lung tissue, as well as substantially decreased myeloperoxidase activity in the lung after pulmonary exposure to S. rectivirgula. These results demonstrate that PKD1 is essential for S. rectivirgula-mediated proinflammatory immune responses and neutrophil influx in the lung. Our findings also imply the possibility that PKD1 is one of the critical factors that play a regulatory role in the development of hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by microbial Ags and that inhibition of PKD1 activation could be an effective way to control microbial Ag-induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
Primary central nervous system lymphoma
Authors: Kumari N , Krishnani N , Rawat A , Agarwal V , Lal P 
Published: February 2010

Background:
Primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma is being increasingly recognized in immunosuppressed as well as immunocompetent individuals. It has a poor prognosis and the majority of these have diffuse large B-cell type of morphology.

Aim:
To categorize cases of primary CNS lymphoma according to the International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group (IELSG) score and to correlate the score with reactive CD3 collar around blood vessels and necrosis.

Materials and Methods:
We reviewed the clinico-pathological, morphological and immuno-histochemical features of 30 cases of primary CNS lymphoma reported at our institute in the last nine years and categorized them according to the score given by IELSG.

Results:
All our cases were HIV-negative and had diffuse large cell histology. Twenty-seven of the 30 cases were associated with poor prognostic factors of intermediate to high risk according to the IELSG score. Reactive CD3 collar around the blood vessels was seen in seven cases which had low to intermediate IELSG score. However, no significant statistical difference of perivascular reactive CD3 collar and necrosis was seen with IELSG score.

Conclusion:
Approximately 90% (27 cases) were associated with poor prognostic factors in the present study according to the IELSG score. Perivascular reactive CD3 collar was seen in cases with low to intermediate IELSG score. A larger study is required to further validate that the presence of reactive perivascular CD3 collar is associated with good prognosis. This histological marker could be supplemented with IELSG score to stratify the patients of primary CNS lymphoma according to their aggressiveness.
Aspirin resistance in Indian patients with coronary artery disease and cardiovascular events
Authors: Thomson VS , John B , George P , Joseph G , Jose J 
Published: February 2010

Background:
Aspirin resistance is a major problem and its incidence and clinical significance in Indian patients with documented coronary artery disease are not known.

Aim:
We sought to study the incidence of aspirin resistance and its clinical significance in a cohort of Indian patients with coronary heart disease on therapy with aspirin using urinary 11-Dehydrothromboxane B2 levels as a surrogate marker for antiplatelet efficacy.

Setting and Design:
Non randomized single center prospective study in cohort of patients with stable cardiovascular disease on chronic aspirin therapy attending the cardiology outpatient clinic of a tertiary care hospital.

Materials and Methods:
Urinary dehydrothromboxane levels were analyzed in a cohort of 63 patients with stable documented coronary artery disease and in 21 healthy volunteers. The cases were followed up prospectively for a median period of 36 (1-53) months. The clinical endpoint was a composite of acute coronary syndrome, stroke, revascularization and death.

Statistical Analysis:
Comparison of urinary dehydrothromboxane concentration values between various risk factors was done using Mann Whitney U test, a non parametric alternative of independent t test. All statistical analyses were done using SPSS 11.0 (Chicago, USA) software.

Results:
The median (range) absolute values of urinary11- dehydrothromboxane B2 levels for the healthy volunteers and cases were 440 (286-2050) pg/ml and 320 (72-2600) pg/ml (P=0.007). The corresponding normalized values were 87.3 (43-143) and 60.8 (16.7-943) ng/mmol of creatinine (P=0.131). Among the various vascular risk factors, patients who were overweight had higher absolute levels of 11- urinary dehydrothomboxane B2 levels (P=0.016). There were significantly more clinical events in patients with absolute urinary 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 levels in the upper two quartiles compared to the lower two quartiles (P=0.04).

Conclusion:
The incidence of aspirin resistance in the cohort of patients with documented heart disease was 38.1%. Patients with elevated absolute urinary dehydrothomboxane levels (>320 pg/ml) on chronic aspirin therapy constitute a high risk subset for recurrent vascular events.
A single dose of preoperative gabapentin for pain reduction and requirement of morphine after total mastectomy and axillary dissection
Authors: Grover VK , Mathew PJ , Yaddanapudi S , Sehgal S 
Published: February 2010

Background:
Gabapentin has been recently found to be useful for reducing acute postoperative pain when administered preoperatively. Although various dose regimens have been tried in different surgical settings, the minimum effective dose is not established.

Aims:
We aimed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of single low dose gabapentin in patients undergoing total mastectomy and axillary dissection.

Settings and Design:
Prospective randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial in a tertiary care teaching hospital.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty women scheduled for total mastectomy and axillary dissection were randomized to receive either gabapentin 600 mg or placebo orally 1 h preoperatively. The intraoperative and postoperative management was standardized. Postoperative pain was assessed at rest and on movement for 12 h using the numerical rating scale (NRS). Morphine was administered if NRS exceeded 30. Primary outcome measure was total morphine consumption.

Statistical Analysis:
The morphine consumption was compared using independent t test while pain and sedation scores were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test.

Results:
Forty-six patients completed the trial. The postoperative morphine consumption was significantly less (5.8 ± 4.2 vs. 11.0 ± 3.4 mg; P < 0.001) and the median [IQR] time to first analgesic was significantly longer (90 [37.5-120] vs. 0 [0-90] min; P < 0.001) in the gabapentin group than in the placebo group. The incidence of side effects was similar in the two groups.

Conclusions:
A single low dose of 600 mg gabapentin administered 1 h prior to surgery produced effective and significant postoperative analgesia after total mastectomy and axillary dissection without significant side effects.
Increase in CD4 cell counts between 2 and 3.5 years after initiation of antiretroviral therapy and determinants of CD4 progression in India
Authors: Rajasekaran S , Jeyaseelan L , Raja K , Vijila S , Krithigaipriya KA , Kuralmozhi R 
Published: February 2010

Background:
Estimation of CD4 cell count remains the primary monitoring tool in assessing efficacy or failure of Anti Retroviral Therapy (ART) under national program conditions in India.

Aims:
To study the average trajectory of CD4 cell count after two years of initiation of potent ART and to find the determinants of CD4 progression over time.

Settings and Design:
A prospective cohort study under program conditions.

Materials and Methods:
Adult ART naïve patients, receiving drug regimens consisting of two NRTIs and one NNRTI were studied for CD4 progression. Laboratory monitoring included the baseline and follow-up CD4 cell count, hemoglobin level and absolute lymphocyte count estimation. The change in CD4 cell count, hemoglobin and bodyweight was calculated from the baseline to the latest follow up measurements.

Statistical Analysis:
Survival curve using Life table methods was plotted. Comparison between survival curves was done using Tarone-Ware statistics. Generalized estimating equation with exchangeable correlation structure was done to find the risk factors for CD4 progression.

Results:
Among 7,934 HIV positive patients in the ART program, one-year cohort of 714 adult patients who had completed two consecutive follow-up CD4 values were assessed. Those with baseline CD4 < 100 had cumulative probability of survival 85%, 82%, 82% and 82% at 12, 24, 36 and 42 months respectively. Those who had baseline CD4 count between 100-199 had cumulative probability of survival 96%, 93%, 92% and 90% at 12, 24, 36 and 42 months respectively (P <.001). Lower the CD4 count (< 100) lower the hemoglobin values.

Conclusions:
CD4 progression continues two years after ART in patients who had base level > 100 cells. Early initiation of ART is necessary before CD4 crashing to < 100 cells for increasing the survival function.
Choosing and Preparing Antigen‐Presenting Cells
Authors: Harding Clifford V. , Canaday David , Ramachandra Lakshmi 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe first issue in selecting a system for antigen‐presentation experiments is to define the appropriate type of antigen‐presenting cell (APC) to study. For some experiments, crude preparations such as splenocytes or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) may suffice to provide APC function for stimulating T cells. This unit develops approaches for preparation of more defined APC populations, including dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, and B lymphocytes, the three types of “professional” APC. Each of these cell types exists in different stages of differentiation, maturation, and activation, or in some cases different lineages. For example, dendritic cells may be divided into subsets, including myeloid DCs (mDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). Each APC type has an important antigen‐presentation function, although they contribute to different aspects of the immune response. Therefore, selection of an APC type for study must include consideration of the stage or aspect of immune response that is to be modeled in the experiment. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 88:16.1.1‐16.1.30. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Enhanced Thermal Stability and Efficiency of Polymer Bulk‐Heterojunction Solar Cells by Low‐Temperature Drying of the Active Layer
Authors: Lin Ching , Lin En‐Yung , Tsai Feng‐Yu 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis study addresses two key issues, stability and efficiency, of polymer solar cells based on blended poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) by demonstrating a film‐forming process that involves low‐temperature drying (−5 °C) and subsequent annealing of the active layer. The low‐temperature process achieves 4.70% power conversion efficiency (PCE) and ∼1250 h storage half‐life at 65 °C, which are significant improvements over the 3.39% PCE and ∼143 h half‐life of the regular room‐temperature process. The improvements are attributed to the enhanced nucleation of P3HT crystallites as well as the minimized separation of the P3HT and PCBM phases at the low drying temperature, which upon post‐drying annealing results in a morphology consisting of small PCBM‐rich domains interspersed within a densely interconnected P3HT crystal network. This morphology provides ample bulk‐heterojunction area for charge generation while allowing for facile charge transport; moreover, the P3HT crystal network serves as an immobile frame at heating temperatures less than the melting point (Tm) of P3HT, thus preventing PCBM/P3HT phase separation and the corresponding device degradation.
Preparation of Open‐Cage Fullerenes and Incorporation of Small Molecules Through Their Orifices
Authors: Gan Liangbing , Yang Dazhi , Zhang Qianyan , Huang Huan 
Published: February 2010

AbstractOpen‐cage fullerenes can act as hosts for small molecules such as water, nitrogen, or hydrogen, forming endohedral fullerenes. Following a brief summary of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen insertion in the fullerene framework to form homofullerenes, methods of creating a hole in the fullerene surface are surveyed. Techniques of hole enlargement and the insertion of atoms or molecules through the orifice to form endohedral fullerenes are described. Finally, the possibility of subsequent closure of the hole is considered.
Laboratory tests for protein C deficiency
Authors: Khor Bernard , Van Cott Elizabeth M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractHereditary protein C deficiency is a hypercoagulable state associated with an increased risk for venous thrombosis. The recommended initial test for protein C is an activity (functional) assay, which may be clotting time based or chromogenic. The advantages and disadvantages of the various testing options are presented. The causes of acquired protein C deficiency are much more common than hereditary deficiency. Therefore, this article describes the appropriate steps to take when protein C activity is low, to confirm or exclude a hereditary deficiency. The causes of falsely normal results are also described, including lupus anticoagulants and direct thrombin inhibitors. Am. J. Hematol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.