bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is There Evidence of ‘Hardening’ Among Australian Smokers Between 1997 and 2007? Analyses of the Australian National Surveys of Mental Health and Well-Being
Authors: Mathews Rebecca , Hall Wayne D. , Gartner Coral E. 
Published: November 2010

Objectives: To use data from the 1997 and 2007 National Surveys of Mental Health and Well-Being (NSMHWB) to assess whether Australian smokers in 2007 have higher rates of mental distress and social disadvantage than smokers in 1997. Method: We compared symptoms of mental distress and social disadvantage in Australian smokers in the 1997 and 2007 National Surveys of Mental Health and Well-Being (N = 10 373 in 1997 and N = 8135 in 2007). Both surveys used multistage probability samples of Australians living in private dwellings. Participants were classified into smokers and non-smokers (which included former and never smokers). We used the Kessler 10 (K10) symptom score to classify smokers into three levels of psychological distress (low, medium or high) and socioeconomic disadvantage was measured using an area-based index of relative disadvantage converted into quintiles. We used logistic regressions to: (i) examine associations between smoking status (smoker/non-smoker) and psychological distress and socioeconomic disadvantage in 1997 and 2007 surveys; and (ii) to test whether the prevalence of psychological distress and social disadvantage among smokers increased between 1997 and 2007. Results: Psychological distress and social disadvantage were more common among smokers than non-smokers in both surveys but there was no evidence that the prevalence of psychological distress or social disadvantage was more common among smokers in 2007 than in 1997. Conclusion: We find no evidence that the declining smoking prevalence in Australia (over the last decade) has been accompanied by a ‘hardening’ of continuing smokers in terms of rates of mental disorders and socioeconomic disadvantage.
Reducing Impulsivity in Repeat Violent Offenders: An Open Label Trial of a Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor
Authors: Butler Tony , Schofield Peter W. , Greenberg David , Allnutt Stephen H. , Indig Devon , Carr Vaughan , D'Este Catherine , Mitchell Philip B. , Knight Lee , Ellis Andrew 
Published: November 2010

Background: The association between serotonergic dysfunction and aggression has prompted the use of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) as a means of controlling impulsive violent behaviour. The aim of the current study was to examine the feasibility of using an SSRI to treat impulsivity in a group of repeat violent offenders. Methods: Potential participants were recruited from three magistrates’ court complexes in the Sydney metropolitan area and all had histories of violent offending (at least one prior conviction for a violent offence). Those who scored highly on the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11), passed medical and psychiatric evaluations and consented to treatment were prescribed sertraline (Zoloft) over a three month period. Results: Thirty-four individuals commenced the trial, with 20 completing the three month intervention. Reductions were observed across a range of behavioural measures from baseline to 3 months: impulsivity (35%), irritability (45%), anger (63%), assault (51%), verbal-assault (40%), indirect-assault (63%), and depression (62%). All those who completed the three month trial requested to continue sertraline under the supervision of their own medical practitioner. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that treating impulsive violent individuals in the criminal justice system with an SSRI is a potential treatment opportunity for this population. An adequately powered randomized control trial of this intervention is warranted.
Bone Health and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gorman Erin , Chudyk Anna M. , Madden Kenneth M. , Ashe Maureen C. 
Published: November 2010

Purpose: To systematically review the literature related to bone health in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the literature from January 2005 until February 2010, using keywords related to T2DM and bone-health imaging technology in older adults (aged ≥60 years) to search PubMed, OVID MEDLINE, Ageline, CINAHL, Embase, and PsycINFO. Results: We found a total of 13 studies that met the inclusion criteria for this review. The majority of the studies used dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and showed either higher or similar areal bone mineral density (aBMD) for older adults with T2DM relative to healthy controls. Studies using more advanced imaging suggested that there may be differences in bone geometry between older adults with and without T2DM. Conclusions: Older adults with T2DM have similar or higher aBMD at the hip relative to older adults without T2DM, despite previous literature reporting an increased risk of low-trauma fractures. Recent studies with advanced imaging have suggested that there may be differences in bone geometry between older adults with T2DM and those without. Health professionals, especially physiotherapists, should be aware of the increased risk and include assessment of fall risk factors and exercise prescription for fall prevention for older adults with T2DM.
Zero‐offset profiling using frequency cross‐hole radar in a layered embankment test site: antenna design, simulation and experimental results
Authors: Rejiba Fayçal , Sagnard Florence , Schamper Cyril , Froumentin Michel , Guérin Roger 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTRoad surface quality is very sensitive to the mechanical properties of an underground structure and particularly to its water content. Depth sounding using boreholes is generally used for geotechnical testing and particularly oven dried measurements. In parallel, electromagnetic measurements based on a cross‐hole radar to perform zero‐offset profiling are proposed in this paper. Thus, two specific large band dipole geometries, a 3D folded dipole and a planar blade dipole have been designed to work in the frequency band [0.5;1.5] GHz in order to estimate the vertical water content of a multi‐layered clay sand embankment test site. The design of both antenna geometries and their integration in a transmission link considering a cross‐hole radar with a separation distance less than 1 m, has been performed using the finite difference time‐domain (FDTD) commercial software EMPIRE®. The picking of the time arrivals has allowed to estimate the real permittivity and the volumetric moisture content using Malicki’s relation. The comparison of measurement and simulation results has allowed to highlight the contrasts of real permittivities induced by the volumetric water content and the embankment compaction level. Moreover, in this study the dissipative properties in the soil have been evaluated as they represent complementary depth properties closely linked to the accuracy of the first arrivals picking used for the permittivity estimation. The intrinsic attenuation evaluation is based on a straight analysis in the frequency domain of successive transmission coefficients using the centroid frequency downshift method. Afterwards the electrical conductivity profile has been recovered using a full‐wave FDTD analysis and a comparison between measurement and simulation data.
MicroRNA-101 Targets MAPK Phosphatase-1 To Regulate the Activation of MAPKs in Macrophages
Authors: Zhu Qing-Yuan , Liu Qin , Chen Jian-Xia , Lan Ke , Ge Bao-Xue 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) is an archetypical member of the dual-specificity phosphatase family that deactivates MAPKs. Induction of MKP-1 has been implicated in attenuating the LPS- or peptidoglycan-induced biosynthesis of proinflammatory cytokines, but the role of noncoding RNA in the expression of the MKP-1 is still poorly understood. In this study, we show that MKP-1 is a direct target of microRNA-101 (miR-101). Transfection of miR-101 attenuates induction of MKP-1 by LPS as well as prolonged activation of p38 and JNK/stress-activated protein kinase, whereas inhibition of miR-101 enhances the expression of MKP-1 and shortens p38 and JNK activation. We also found that expression of miR-101 is induced by multiple TLR ligands, including LPS, peptidoglycan, or polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, and that inhibition of PI3K/Akt by LY294002 or Akt RNA interference blocks the induction of miR-101 by LPS in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Moreover, treatment of cells with dexamethasone, a widely used anti-inflammatory agent, markedly inhibits miR-101 expression and enhances the expression of MKP-1 in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Together, these results indicate that miR-101 regulates the innate immune responses of macrophages to LPS through targeting MKP-1.
Modeling of Ceramic Foams for Filtration Simulation
Authors: Redenbach Claudia , Wirjadi Oliver , Rief Stefan , Wiegmann Andreas 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe present a stochastic model for the microstructure of a ceramic foam filter which is produced by coating an open polymer foam with liquid ceramic. First, we fit a random Laguerre tessellation to the polymer foam skeleton. Then, the coating is modeled using locally adaptable morphology which allows for the reproduction of the ceramic foam's locally varying strut thickness. Furthermore, we introduce methods for the estimation of the intensity and orientation distribution of the closed facets which are formed during the coating process. By computation of the permeability of the foam in different directions we show that the anisostropic behavior of the material is reproduced correctly in the model.
Vitamin E Microspheres Embedded Within a Biocompatible Film for Planar Delivery
Authors: Borodina Tatiana , Grigoriev Dmitry , Markvicheva Elena , Möhwald Helmuth , Shchukin Dmitry 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe demonstrate a new one‐batch approach to the fabrication of a biocompatible Ca‐alginate film with embedded vitamin E‐loaded microspheres that could be used for planar dermal drug delivery. Stable vitamin E microspheres, coated with gum acacia, are produced by ultrasonic treatment of a two‐phase liquid system. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicates an interaction between biopolymer functional groups induced by ultrasonication. Confocal laser fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) demonstrate a homogeneous microsphere distribution within the Ca‐alginate polymer film. The kinetics of in vitro vitamin E release found for the polymer film with entrapped microspheres was much more sustained (100% in 96 h) compared to the polymer film with vitamin E embedded in the free state (100% in 5 h). The novelty of the proposed research involves the ultrasonic fabrication of loaded microspheres and formation of biodegradable coating directly doped with microspheres.
High Fill Factor and Open Circuit Voltage in Organic Photovoltaic Cells with Diindenoperylene as Donor Material
Authors: Wagner Julia , Gruber Mark , Hinderhofer Alexander , Wilke Andreas , Bröker Benjamin , Frisch Johannes , Amsalem Patrick , Vollmer Antje , Opitz Andreas , Koch Norbert , Schreiber Frank , Brütting Wolfgang 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSmall‐molecule photovoltaic cells using diindenoperylene (DIP) as a new donor material in combination with the fullerene C60 as an electron acceptor are demonstrated. In addition to the successful application in planar and bulk heterojunction devices, a comprehensive analysis including structural studies, the determination of the energy level alignment and electrical transport investigations is given, stressing the correlation between growth conditions, film morphology, and device performance. Due to pronounced crystallinity and a large surface area of DIP films grown at elevated temperature, exceptionally high fill factors of almost 75% are achieved in planar heterojunction cells. Bulk heterojunctions exhibit large‐scale phase separation forming a bicontinuous network of both molecular species, which enables efficient exciton dissociation and charge carrier transport. The high ionization potential of DIP and the favorable energy level alignment with the fullerene C60 yield large open circuit voltages close to 1 V and comparable power conversion efficiencies of about 4% in both cell architectures.
Recent Trends in Surface Characterization and Chemistry with High‐Resolution Scanning Force Methods
Authors: Barth Clemens , Foster Adam S. , Henry Claude R. , Shluger Alexander L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe current status and future prospects of non‐contact atomic force microscopy (nc‐AFM) and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) for studying insulating surfaces and thin insulating films in high resolution are discussed. The rapid development of these techniques and their use in combination with other scanning probe microscopy methods over the last few years has made them increasingly relevant for studying, controlling, and functionalizing the surfaces of many key materials. After introducing the instruments and the basic terminology associated with them, state‐of‐the‐art experimental and theoretical studies of insulating surfaces and thin films are discussed, with specific focus on defects, atomic and molecular adsorbates, doping, and metallic nanoclusters. The latest achievements in atomic site‐specific force spectroscopy and the identification of defects by crystal doping, work function, and surface charge imaging are reviewed and recent progress being made in high‐resolution imaging in air and liquids is detailed. Finally, some of the key challenges for the future development of the considered fields are identified.
Genes that move the window of viability of life: Lessons from bacteria thriving at the cold extreme
Authors: de Lorenzo Víctor 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWhether occurrence of life at the physicochemical extremes results from the entire adaptation of organisms to such settings or it originates from the action of a few genes has been debated for a long time. Recent evidence suggests that a limited number of functions suffice to change the predilection of microorganisms for radically different environmental scenarios. For instance, expression of a few genes from cold‐loving bacteria in mesophilic hosts allows them to grow at much lower temperatures and become heat‐sensitive. This has been exploited not only for constructing Escherichia coli strains able to grow at 5–10 °C (and thus optimised as hosts for heterologous gene expression) but also for designing vaccines based on temperature‐sensitive pathogens. Occurrence of genes/functions that reframe the windows of viability may also ask for a revision of some concepts in microbial ecology and may provide new tools for engineering bacteria with a superior biotechnological performance.
Mitochondrial tyrosine phosphoproteome: New insights from an up‐to‐date analysis
Authors: Cesaro Luca , Salvi Mauro 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTyrosine phosphorylation is a newcomer in the mitochondrial signaling and is currently emerging as an important mechanism for regulating mitochondrial processes. But to what extent? By analyzing an updated draft of the mitochondrial tyrosine phosphoproteome, the following observations can be drawn: more than a hundred mitochondrial proteins undergo tyrosine phosphorylation, phosphotyrosine proteins are distributed in each of the submitochondrial compartments, and mitochondrial tyrosine phosphorylated proteins are involved in a variety of functions as metabolism (electron transport chain, Krebs cycle, fatty acid and amino acid metabolism), solute and protein transport, mitochondrial translation machinery, quality protein assessment, oxidative stress, apoptosis, fission, and other. This large and varied collection suggests that tyrosine phosphorylation could be a widespread mechanism in modulating mitochondrial functions. Moreover the in silico model is here used to explore potential effects of tyrosine phosphorylation on selected mitochondrial proteins pointing out some future perspectives in this field. © 2010 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarbonylative Coupling of Alkynyl Carboxylic Acids with Benzyl Halides or Aryl Halides.
Authors: Zhang Wen‐Wu , Zhang Xing‐Guo , Li Jin‐Heng 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe reaction allows an efficient access to benzylic alkynes and diarylalkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Friedel—Crafts Alkylation of Furans and Indoles with Simple α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones Catalyzed by Oxazaborolidinone.
Authors: Adachi Shinya , Tanaka Fumi , Watanabe Kazuya , Watada Atsushi , Harada Toshiro 
Published: November 2010

AbstractOXB, derived from allo‐threonine, together with N,N‐dimethylaniline as an additive is highly efficient for the process.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Direct Vinylogous Aldol Reaction of Unactivated γ‐Butenolide to Aldehydes.
Authors: Yang Yang , Zheng Ke , Zhao Jiannan , Shi Jian , Lin Lili , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis reaction allows simple and efficient access to chiral butenolides of type (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Pyridazine Derivatives and Related Compounds. Part 23. Synthesis of 3‐Substituted Pyrazolo[3,4‐c]pyridazines and Their Application as Disperse Dyes.
Authors: Deeb A. , Yassin F. , Ouf N. , Shehta W. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA set of 20 disperse dyes (V)/(VIII) is synthesized by reaction of hydrazinopyrazolopyridazine (IV) with arylazoacetylacetone or ‐malononitrile.
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation of 2 New Metabolites, JBIR‐74 and JBIR‐75, from the Sponge‐Derived Aspergillus sp. fS14.
Authors: Takagi Motoki , Motohashi Kenichiro , Shin‐Ya Kazuo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe two new metabolites JBIR‐74 (Ia) and JBIR‐75 (Ib) do not show cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity.
Improved Removal of Indoor Volatile Organic Compounds by Activated Carbon Fiber Filters Calcined with Copper Oxide Catalyst
Authors: Huang Yi‐Chin , Luo Chin‐Hsiang , Yang Shinhao , Lin Yi‐Chang , Chuang Chi‐Yu 
Published: November 2010

AbstractHeating, ventilating, and air‐conditioning (HVAC) systems ensure indoor air quality and provide a comfortable environment. However, the conventional HVAC systems only provide indoor ventilation and adjust temperature and humidity. This work removes indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using a feasible and novel air‐cleaning for an HVAC system, to remove indoor VOCs. An activated carbon‐fiber (ACF) filter calcined with copper oxide (CuO) catalyst, called a CuO/ACF catalyst filter, was the developed kit. Formaldehyde, a major VOC, was chosen as the target pollutant. Experiments were performed to confirm the filtration ability of the CuO/ACF catalyst filter in removing formaldehyde in a stainless‐steel chamber equipped with a simplified HVAC system. Total air exchange rate (ACH) was controlled at 0.5 and 1.0 h−1, the fresh ACH was 0.15 and 0.30 h−1, and relative humidity (RH) was set at 30 and 70%. A first‐order decay of formaldehyde existed in the controlled chamber when the two pretreated CuO/ACF catalyst filters were employed. Experimental results demonstrate that the CuO/ACF catalyst filters removed formaldehyde effectively. The decay constant was 0.425 and 0.618 h−1 for 0.5 and 2.0 ppm formaldehyde, respectively. Moreover, the formaldehyde decay rate increased as total ACH, fresh ACH, RH, and the Cu(NO3)2 concentration for calcination of CuO/ACF catalyst filter increased.
Novel Polymeric Resin for Solid Phase Extraction and Determination of Lead in Waters
Authors: Karaaslan Nagihan M. , Senkal B. Filiz , Cengiz Emine , Yaman Mehmet 
Published: November 2010

AbstractInterest in preconcentration techniques for the determination of metals at ultratrace levels still continues increasingly because of some disadvantages of flameless atomic absorption spectrometry and the high costs of other sensitive methods in compared to flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Among preconcentration techniques, solid‐phase extraction is the most popular because of a number of advantages. In this work, thiol‐containing sulfonamide resin was synthesized, characterized, and applied as a new sorption material for solid phase extraction and determination of lead in natural water samples. The optimization of experimental conditions was performed using the parameters including pH, contact time, and volumes of initial and elution solutions. After preconcentration procedure, FAAS was used for determinations. The synthesized resin exhibits the superiority in compared to the other adsorption reagents because of the fact that there is no necessity of any complexing reagent as well as high sorption capacity. Consequently, 280‐fold improvement in the sensitivity of analytical scheme was achieved by combining the slotted tube atom trap‐atomic absorption spectrometry (STAT‐FAAS) and the developed preconcentration method. The limit of detection was found to be 0.15 ng mL−1. The Pb2+ concentrations in the studied water samples were found to be in the range of 0.9–6.7 ng mL−1.
Biogeochemical Characterizations and Reclamation Strategies of Saline Sodic Soil in Northeastern China
Authors: Yu Junbao , Wang Zhichun , Meixner Franz X. , Yang Fu , Wu Huifeng , Chen Xiaobing 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSoil salinity and sodicity is considered one of the most import impediments to agricultural development in Northeast China. The contents of TP and TK decrease with soil depth and high coefficients of variation were found in TOC, AN, and AP. Mean EC in the 0–50 cm soil layers ranged from 0.61 to 0.89 dS m−1 and the average soluble ion concentrations in the topsoil (0–10 cm) were approximately 11.38 mmol L−1 for Na+, 1.21 mmol L−1 for Ca2+, and 0.40 mmol L−1 for Mg2+. High SAR existed in the layers 10–50 cm, indicating the studied soil was bearing low salinity in the top layer and high sodic layer in the subsurface. The soil presented strong alkali reactions all through the profile with pH over 9.5. To improve and utilize saline sodic soil rationally, several strategies were put forward based on long‐term field studies and demonstration works. The results implied that ameliorating with sand, applying farm yard manure, regenerating salt tolerant grasses and leaching with groundwater, and growing rice were effective measures for improving physical and chemical qualities of saline sodic soil.