bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of different irrigation & trace metals treatments on onion (Allium cepa L.) plant growth cultivated in rural and urban soils
Authors: Angelaki Anastasia , Golia Evangelia E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe present research attempts to evaluate the response ofAllium cepa L.to different irrigation treatments and to indicate the optimum scheme along with plant growth, throughout a pot experiment during Spring 2021. The experimental procedure consisted of two different soil types, three treatments of irrigation and two levels of Cu and Zn (low and high), in four replications each. Irrigation events started when the lower allowable limit (LAL) reached a defined percentage of filed capacity (FC): 40% FC, 60% FC, and 75% FC and an irrigation event occurred with irrigation doses (Dn) equal to 60% FC, 40% FC, and 25% FC, respectively, to reach the value of FC. According to the results, the minimum yield was achieved by both soil types when Cu and Zn solution concentration and water stress were at their highest levels, although light texture soil (loamy sand—LS) allowed for superior growth. The optimum scheme was: the lower concentration of Cu and Zn solution along with LAL equal to 60% FC at the loamy sand soil. The outcomes suggest that frequent short irrigation doses at light-texture soils can result in yield response indicators when planted in pots. Furthermore, the influence of Cu and Zn cations at low concentrations can be advantageous for onions because Cu cations provide protection against fungal diseases, while Zn cations serve as nutrient support reducing the risk of metals deficiency.
Interventions to Reduce Child Maltreatment: A Systematic Review with a Narrative Synthesis
Authors: Malmberg-Heimonen Ira , Finne Joakim , Tøge Anne Grete , Pontoppidan Maiken , Dion Jacinthe , Tømmerås Truls , Pedersen Eirin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChild maltreatment has been a prominent topic on the political agenda for the past decade. However, while there are several types of interventions that can potentially benefit the prevention of child maltreatment, uncertainties remain regarding the transferability of these interventions to different contexts and their overall impact. Consequently, we conducted a systematic review of intervention studies aimed at preventing child maltreatment. We searched for studies published between 2016 and 2021, using predefined keywords from various bibliographical databases including PsycINFO, SocINDEX, Social Care Online, Web of Science, and ASSIA. The initial literature search yielded 3221 studies based on titles and abstracts, after removing duplicates. Out of these, 251 studies were screened based on full texts, resulting in the selection of 56 studies that met our inclusion criteria and were retained for extraction and analysis. The screening and data extraction processes were conducted by at least two independent reviewers. Given the heterogeneity of the included studies, we performed a narrative synthesis and categorized the 56 studies based on intervention type, control condition, outcomes, effects and quality. The results indicated that most of the studies employed individual randomization, with the control group most often receiving treatment as usual. Home visiting programs and educational interventions emerged as the most prevalent types of interventions. The review also demonstrated that a significant number of the included studies reported positive effects on one or more outcomes, such as indicators of maltreatment, suboptimal parenting practices, and problematic child behaviors. While nearly one-third of the studies did not report an effect size, those that did reported varying types of effect sizes. Additionally, only a few studies met the assessed quality criteria.
A versatile immunoassay based on functionalized nanoparticles for botulinum neurotoxin detection and sensor development
Authors: Nguyen Hong-Loan T. , Nguyen Huong-Ly , Le Phan-Anh , Nguyen Thanh-Trung , Luu Manh-Quynh , Pham Yen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBotulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) serotypes A and B are the two most common of the four BoNTs that cause the high mortality botulism disease in individuals consuming contaminated foods. The gold standard assay for BoNT detection is the live mouse bioassay, which has several major disadvantages, including tedious procedures and animal sacrifice requirements. In this study, we developed an immuno-based assay using magnetic streptavidin nanoparticles (mSNP) functionalized with specific synthetic biotinylated, 6xHis-tagged peptide substrates (Peptides A, PA and B, PB) designed for BoNT/A and BoNT/B proteolytic reactions, respectively. In the presence of active toxins that possess endopeptidase activity, upon cleavage, the released fragments with His-tag were dotted on a blotting membrane, ultimately producing color signals after incubation with anti-His antibody, alkaline phosphatase (AP)-conjugated antibody, and then AP substrates. The results showed that the efficiency of peptide-mSNP complex formation reached up to 81%, and the dot blot immunoassay allowed peptide detection from 10 ng of His-tagged peptides. Preliminary testing with the extracellular extracts from the isolated Clostridium botulinum strains indicated that the botulinum toxin in the 2020 botulism outbreak in Vietnam belonged to serotype A, the most potent BoNT. The established assay could be applied to construct a portable biosensor for BoNT detection and a high throughput device to screen potential BoNT inhibitors for drug development.
EcoSonicML: Harnessing Machine Learning for Biodiversity Monitoring in South African Wetlands
Authors: Nel Harry , Mishra Amit Kumar , Schonken Francois 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBiodiversity monitoring, particularly in a country as diverse as South Africa with its extensive migratory bird population, presents significant challenges. This challenge becomes even more pronounced in environments with a multitude of coexisting bird species, notably wetlands, which serve as crucial breeding and feeding grounds for various avian species. This research will address this challenge by designing a cost-effective sound-based sensor system capable of deployment in diverse wetland ecosystems. The primary aim is to aid in the monitoring of bird species by detecting their presence and distribution and then transmitting this valuable data to a central base station. To assess the system’s feasibility and performance, a series of experiments were conducted at the Rondevlei Nature Reserve in Cape Town, South Africa. These experiments focused on the sensor’s capacity to accurately identify avian species while maintaining robustness in varying environmental conditions. The results yielded promising outcomes, demonstrating the successful identification of bird species. Furthermore, the system exhibited reliability across different weather conditions, positioning it as a viable choice for long-term deployment in wetland environments. Beyond species detection, this project also delved into practical aspects of data transfer and storage efficiency, ensuring the system’s suitability for real-world applications. Modularity was another crucial consideration, simplifying maintenance and upgrades. Moreover, a preliminary cost analysis indicated the cost-effectiveness of the system compared to commercial alternatives. The integration of climate sensors into the monitoring system was explored as a future direction. This addition holds the potential to provide a more comprehensive approach to environmental monitoring by incorporating climate data into the analysis. Such a holistic approach can further enrich our understanding of bird behaviour in relation to changing environmental conditions. The findings of this research have significant implications for avian conservation and ecological studies, particularly in the unique context of South Africa. This project introduces an affordable and practical tool for monitoring bird species in wetland habitats, offering valuable insights into the preservation and management of these critical ecosystems.
Response of Moisture and Temperature Diffusivity on an Orthotropic Hygro-thermo-piezo-elastic Medium
Authors: Gupta Vipin , Barak M. S. , Ahmad Hijaz , Das Soumik , Almohsen Bandar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This research explores the complex interaction between piezoelectric waves and heat-moisture diffusion within a semi-infinite piezoelectric material under hygro-thermal conditions. By employing a two-dimensional Cartesian framework, novel governing equations for a thermo-piezoelectrically orthotropic medium influenced by moisture effects are developed. Accurate representations for key parameters are obtained by utilizing normal mode analysis. The investigation examines the influence of critical factors like moisture content, diffusivity, and temperature diffusivity on the spatial distribution of various physical fields. Additionally, a particular scenario of significance is highlighted. These results have the potential to improve sensor, actuator, and energy-harvesting device performance and dependability.
Infection prevention and control compliance during COVID-19 pandemic era: assessment of 26 regional referral hospitals in Tanzania
Authors: Bahegwa Radenta P. , Hokororo Joseph. C. , Msigwa Yohanes S. , Ngowi Ruth R. , German Chrisogone J. , Marandu Laura , Nasoro Omary A. , Kinyenje Erick S. , Degeh Mbwana M. , Masuma Janeth S. , Lutkam Doris S. , Eliakimu Eliudi S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Infection prevention and control (IPC) implementation at referral hospitals (RHs) in Tanzania is still inadequate, regardless of ongoing IPC capacity-building initiatives. This continues to challenge the quality of healthcare service provision as poor IPC implementation fuels healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) problems. The study aimed to describe the implementation of IPC practices in 26 Regional RHs’ functional units in 2021.

Methods
The study involved secondary data from an assessment conducted using the National IPC Standard checklist for hospitals to all functional units at 26 regional RHs in 2021. Data were analysed in STATA version 15.0 to compute the weighted median with interquartile range (IQR) for each functional unit score.

Results
The overall weighted median IPC compliance with 26 regional RHs in 2021 was 50 (41–60), whereby the lowest and highest scores were 24 and 72%, respectively. The highest-performing unit was the intensive care unit (ICU) for adults 71.4% (46.4–78.6), and lowest performing functional units were the mortuary, Central Sterilization and Supply Department, and blood transfusion [47.4% (36.8–57.9), 47.4% (40–50), and 47.6% (38.1–61.9)], respectively.

Conclusion
Implementation of IPC practices in 26 RHs in Tanzania is inadequate. We recommend that RHs need to strengthen IPC practices implementation in each functional unit in order to reach the required target of at least 80% score. This will enhance the reduction of the burden of HAIs and AMR, and increase the energy and morale of healthcare workers in preparedness and response to emerging and remerging diseases.
Successful reduction of urinary catheter placement for correct and incorrect indications after introduction of a prevention bundle
Authors: Cipriani Michela , Schlegel Matthias , Schwark-Bähler Marianne , Henz Samuel , Kohler Philipp , Albrich Werner C. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The prospective before-after quality improvement study was to assess bundle effectiveness to reduce urinary catheter days and prevent associated complications. All patients with preexisting or new urinary catheters in a regional hospital in Switzerland were included. We showed a reduction of catheter days, incorrect urinary catheter indications, and most strikingly formally correct indications.
Understanding older adults' travel behaviour and mobility needs during the COVID-19 pandemic through the lens of the hierarchy of travel needs: a systematic review
Authors: Yazdanpanahi Melisa , Pantelaki Evangelia , Holland Carol , Gilroy Rose , Spencer Ben , Weston Richard , Rogers Allyson 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The aim of this article is to critically review the scientific literature about the changes in travel behaviour and mobility amongst older adults caused by the COVID-19 pandemic across various countries, identify unmet travel needs and highlight patterns of inequalities in older adults' mobility. We have collected articles from four academic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Transportation Research International Documentation (TRID) and Web of Science. Papers were considered for inclusion if they were published online in 2020 or later, written in English, and referred to urban or rural changes in travel behaviour and mobility of older adults over 50 years old. We examined the pre-existing models developed before the outbreak and classified the articles based on Musselwhite and Haddad's hierarchy of older adults' travel needs. The synthesis of the selected 25 articles shows a general decline in literal mobility amongst older adults, an increased share of virtual travel and their decreased capacity to fulfil different levels of travel needs. Findings also indicate an increased gap in older adults' mobility across geographical regions with various levels of transport infrastructure and digital capital. We conclude the paper with the lessons learned, the opportunities ahead, and the challenges that must be overcome to achieve sustainable development and the United Nations Decades of Healthy Ageing goals in the post-pandemic world.
Emotion regulation across psychiatric disorders
Authors: Aslan Ibrahim H. , Dorey Lucy , Grant Jon E. , Chamberlain Samuel R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveDifficulties with emotion regulation have been associated with multiple psychiatric conditions. In this study, we aimed to investigate emotional regulation difficulties in young adults who gamble at least occasionally (ie, an enriched sample), and diagnosed with a range of psychiatric disorders using the validated Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS).MethodsA total of 543 non-treatment-seeking individuals who had engaged in gambling activities on at least 5 occasions within the previous year, aged 18–29 were recruited from general community settings. Diagnostic assessments included the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Inventory, Minnesota Impulsive Disorders Interview, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder World Health Organization Screening Tool Part A, and the Structured Clinical Interview for Gambling Disorder. Emotional dysregulation was evaluated using DERS. The profile of emotional dysregulation across disorders was characterized using Z-scores (those with the index disorder vs. those without the index disorder).ResultsIndividuals with probable ADHD displayed the highest level of difficulties in emotional regulation, followed by intermittent explosive disorder, social phobia, and generalized anxiety disorder. In contrast, participants diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder showed relatively lower levels of difficulties with emotional regulation.ConclusionsThis study highlights the importance of recognizing emotional dysregulation as a trans-diagnostic phenomenon across psychiatric disorders. The results also reveal differing levels of emotional dysregulation across diagnoses, with potential implications for tailored treatment approaches. Despite limitations such as small sample sizes for certain disorders and limited age range, this study contributes to a broader understanding of emotional regulation’s role in psychiatric conditions.
Multi-Shot Answer Set Programming for Flexible Payroll Management
Authors: CALLEWAERT BENJAMIN , VENNEKENS JOOST 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPayroll management is a critical business task that is subject to a large number of rules, which vary widely between companies, sectors, and countries. Moreover, the rules are often complex and change regularly. Therefore, payroll management systems must be flexible in design. In this paper, we suggest an approach based on a flexible answer set programming (ASP) model and an easy-to-read tabular representation based on the decision model and notation standard. It allows HR consultants to represent complex rules without the need for a software engineer and to ultimately design payroll systems for a variety of different scenarios. We show how the multi-shot solving capabilities of the clingo ASP system can be used to reach the performance that is necessary to handle real-world instances.
Secular Changes in the Occurrence of Subduction During the Archean
Authors: Liu Chun‐Tao , Ye Chen‐Yang , ZhangZhou J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSubduction processes play a pivotal role in facilitating material exchange between the crust and mantle, contributing to the growth of continents. However, the onset and evolution of subduction remain hotly debated. Here, we developed a high‐dimensional machine learning (ML) model to use multiple compositional data (e.g., Nb/La, Nb, Ti, Nb/U, Pb/Nd, and Nb/Th) to distinguish arc‐type from non‐arc basalts worldwide, then applied this well‐trained ML model to identify and delineate the secular occurrence of Archean arc‐type basalts. Our findings indicate that basaltic arc magmatism can be traced back to only a few early Archean cratons. A noticeable increase in the prevalence of arc‐type basalts during the Mesoarchean and Neoarchean suggests the synchronous formation of Archean subduction across different cratons. This observation hints at transitioning from the predominantly stagnant geodynamic regime to the early, more mobile tectonic regime.
Mechanically Controlled Landslide Deformation
Authors: Pudasaini Shiva P. , Mergili Martin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMany landslide models assume a fully deformable body without any resistance against deformation. However, in reality, landslide bodies can display negligible to large deformation during motion. Examples for limited deformation include the prehistoric giant landslides of Flims and Köfels, or the Vajont landslide of 1963, where the structure of rock largely remained intact and the slides did not evolve into rock avalanches. Here, we propose a novel mechanical model for the controlled deformation of landslides. The model is based on the principle of material strength or resistance and includes a user‐specified function that reflects the mechanisms (internal friction, cohesion, viscosity, and yield strength) that act against the deformation induced by the free‐surface or the hydraulic pressure gradient of the landslide. This controls the landslide deformation and, in turn, also the motion and run‐out, and offers a unique possibility to describe the landslide motion ranging from a fully non‐deformable body sliding along the mountain slope to a completely fluidized motion without any resistance against the force associated with the free‐surface pressure gradient. The latter is the situation often considered for the motion of granular flows such as avalanches of snow or rock, or debris flows. The former can play a substantial role in the dynamics, however, has not yet been considered in mass flow simulations, severely limiting the applicability of those models. We demonstrate the performance of the new model and its applicability, also with the advanced open‐source computational mass flow simulation tool r.avaflow.
Hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa: the current profile, recent advances, gaps, and priorities
Authors: Gafane-Matemane Lebo F. , Craig Ashleigh , Kruger Ruan , Alaofin Omotayo S. , Ware Lisa J. , Jones Erika S. W. , Kengne Andre Pascal 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRecent global and regional reports consistently confirm the high and increasing prevalence of hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), with poor detection, treatment, and control rates. This narrative review summarises the burden of hypertension in SSA and recent findings from community-based hypertension management strategies. We further outline prominent risk factors according to recent data and associated underlying mechanisms for hypertension development. An extensive review of literature showed that most countries have reported on the prevalence of hypertension during 2017–2023, despite limitations linked to the lack of nationally representative studies, heterogeneity of sampling and data collection methods. Task-shifting approaches that assign roles to model patients and community health workers reported improved linkage to healthcare services and adherence to medication, with inconsistent findings on blood pressure (BP)-lowering effects over time. The regularly reported risk factors include unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle, increased adiposity and underweight, ageing, level of education, and/or income as well as psychosocial factors. Newer data on the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to hypertension and potential areas of intervention are reported from children and adults and include, among others, salt-handling and volume overload, endothelial function, BP dipping patterns and the role of human immunodeficiency virus . To conclude, significant strides have been made in data reporting from SSA on the burden of hypertension in the region as well as biomarker research to improve understanding and identification of areas of intervention. However, gaps remain on linkage between knowledge generation, translation, and implementation research. Coordinated studies addressing both discovery science and public health are crucial to curb hypertension development and improve management in SSA.
The spectrum of pneumonia among intubated neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Bondarev Dayle J. , Ryan Rita M. , Mukherjee Devashis 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe review the pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in neonates. VAP has been studied primarily in adult ICU patients, although there has been more focus on pediatric and neonatal VAP (neo-VAP) in the last decade. The definition as well as diagnosis of VAP in neonates remains a challenge to date. The neonatal intensivist needs to be familiar with the current diagnostic tools and prevention strategies available to treat and reduce VAP to reduce neonatal morbidity and the emergence of antibiotic resistance. This review also highlights preventive strategies and old and emerging treatments available.