bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beating-heart coronary artery bypass surgery with the help of mini extracorporeal circulation for very high-risk patients
Authors: Munos Emmanuel , Calderon Joachim , Pillois Xavier , Lafitte Stéphane , Ouattara Alexandre , Labrousse Louis , Roques Xavier , Barandon Laurent 
Published: January 2011

Background: Left ventricle dysfunction and co-morbidities are responsible for a large number of complications after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. The best strategy for these patients, including the use or not and type of extracorporeal circulation (ECC), the use of minimized ECC (MECC), or conventional ECC (CECC), remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential effect of on-pump beating-heart (OPBH) surgery with the help of MECC for CABG in patients with a high-risk EuroSCORE and to compare this strategy to three other different procedures, including OPCAB and MECC or CECC with cardiac arrest. Methods: Patients were included if their EuroSCORE was strictly >" xbd="1427" xhg="1404" ybd="1477" yhg="1440"/>9. Four groups were retrospectively compared: an OPCAB, an OPBH, a MECC and a CECC group under cardiac arrest. Results: 214 patients, mean age 74.26 ± 8.5 years, 68.7% male, were operated. Mean EuroSCORE was 12.1 ± 2.9, left ventricular (LV) function 37.4 ± 12.3%, recent myocardial infarction (MI) 49.5%, renal failure 48.1%, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 42.2%, and peripheral vascular disease (PVD) 55.6%. Mean number of grafts per patient was 2.4 ± 0.7. Our study showed that it was possible, in very high-risk patients, to carry out revascularisation with OPBH similar to that using MECC or CECC under cardiac arrest (p=NS). This technique reduces troponin release (3.23 vs 6.56, p<0.01), postoperative myocardial complications (2% vs 8%, p<0.01), cardiotonic drug prescription (15.7% vs 31.3%, p<0.01), ventilation time (4.57H vs 6.48H, p<0.01) and length of stay (LOS) in ICU (2.16 vs 2.53, p=0.02). Conclusion: The OPBH method seems to be safe, secure and effective in this population of very high-risk patients, reducing early complications and multi-organ failure. OPBH surgery, combining MECC without aortic cross-clamping, makes it possible to perform complete revascularization and is an interesting alternative for CABG in high-risk patients.
Impact and costs of targeted recruitment of minorities to the National Lung Screening Trial
Authors: Duda Catherine , Mahon Irene , Chen Mei Hsiu , Snyder Bradley , Barr Richard , Chiles Caroline , Falk Robert , Fishman Elliot K , Gemmel David , Goldin Jonathan G , Brown Kathleen , Munden Reginald F , Vydareny Kay , Aberle Denise R 
Published: January 2011

Background To promote results in the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) that are generalizable across the entire US population, a subset of NLST sites developed dedicated strategies for minority recruitment. Purpose To report the effects of targeted strategies on the accrual of underrepresented groups, to describe participant characteristics, and to estimate the costs of targeted enrollment. Methods The 2002–2004 Tobacco Use Supplement was used to estimate eligible proportions of racial and ethnic categories. Strategic planning included meetings/conferences with key stakeholders and minority organizations. Potential institutions were selected based upon regional racial/ethnic diversity and proven success in recruitment of underrepresented groups. Seven institutions submitted targeted recruitment strategies with budgets. Accrual by racial/ethnic category was tracked for each institution. Cost estimates were based on itemized receipts for minority strategies relative to minority accrual. Results Of 18,842 participants enrolled, 1576 (8.4%) were minority participants. The seven institutions with targeted recruitment strategies accounted for 1223 (77.6%) of all minority participants enrolled. While there was a significant increase in the rate of minority accrual pre-implementation to post-implementation for the institutions with targeted recruitment (9.3% vs. 15.2%, p < 0.0001), there was no significant difference for the institutions without (3.5% vs. 3.8%, p = 0.46). Minority enrollees at the seven institutions tended to have less than a high school education, be economically disadvantaged, and were more often uninsured. These socio-demographic differences persisted at the seven institutions even after adjusting for race and ethnicity. The success of different strategies varied by institution, and no one strategy was successful across all institutions. Costs for implementation were also highly variable, ranging from $146 to $749 per minority enrollee. Limitations Data on minority recruitment processes were not consistently kept at the individual institutions. In addition, participant responses via newspaper advertisements and the efforts of minority staff hired by the institutions could not be coded on Case Report Forms. Conclusions Strategic efforts were associated with significant increases in minority enrollment. The greatest successes require that a priori goals be established based on eligible racial/ethnic proportions; the historical performance of sites in minority accrual should factor into the selection of sites; recruitment planning must begin well in advance of trial launch; and there must be endorsement by prominent representatives of the racial groups of interest.
Molecular Characterization of Circulating Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer by a Liquid Bead Array Hybridization Assay
Authors: Markou Athina , Strati Areti , Malamos Nikos , Georgoulias Vasilis , Lianidou Evi S 
Published: January 2011

BACKGROUND
Molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is crucial to identify novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets for individualized therapies. We developed a multiplexed PCR-coupled liquid bead array to detect the expression of multiple genes in CTCs.

METHODS
mRNA isolated from immunomagnetically enriched CTCs was subjected to multiplex PCR for KRT19 (keratin 19; also known as CK19), ERBB2 [v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2, neuro/glioblastoma derived oncogene homolog (avian); also known as HER2], SCGB2A2 (secretoglobin, family 2A, member 2; also known as MGB1, mammaglobin A), MAGEA3 (melanoma antigen family A, 3), TWIST-1 [twist homolog 1 (Drosophila)], and HMBS (hydroxymethylbilane synthase; also known as PBGD). Biotinylated amplicons were hybridized against fluorescent microspheres carrying gene-specific capture probes and incubated with streptavidin–phycoerythrin. We quantified the captured labeled amplicons and decoded the beads by Luminex flow cytometry. The assay was validated for limit of detection, specificity, and comparison with reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and its clinical performance was evaluated in 64 patients with operable breast cancer, 20 patients with metastasis, and 17 healthy individuals.

RESULTS
The assay was specific for each gene in complex multiplexed formats and could detect the expression of each gene at the level of a single SK-BR-3 cell. The assay produced results comparable to those for RT-qPCR for each gene. None of the genes tested was detected in the CTC fraction of healthy donors. We detected KRT19, ERBB2, MAGEA3, SCGB2A2, and TWIST1 in 26.6%, 12.5%, 18.7%, 10.9%, and 31.2% of operable breast cancer patients, respectively, and detected the corresponding genes in 65%, 20%, 30%, 20%, and 20% of patients with verified metastasis, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
The expression of 6 genes in CTCs can be measured simultaneously and reliably, thereby saving precious sample and reducing the costs and time of analysis.
Masking in Social Network Sites — Translating a Real-World Social Practice to the Online Domain
Authors: van den Berg Bibi , Leenes Ronald 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Research shows that most social network sites contain serious privacy risks for users. Many of these risks revolve around users´ inability to know exactly who the “audience” is that witnesses their online behaviours. In this article we argue that in the offline world individuals regularly use the strategy of “masking” to hide their visibility when the composition of their audience is unknown. We claim that “masking” should also be facilitated in social network sites to enhance users´ privacy-protection. However, SNSs´ platform design, focused on self-presentation, makes its implementation difficult.
Martensitic phase transition in pure zirconia: a crystal chemistry viewpoint
Authors: Trolliard Gilles , Mercurio Danièle , Perez-Mato Juan Manuel 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
A crystal chemistry approach was carried out in order to decipher the mechanisms involved in phase transitions of zirconia. A detailed analysis of structures, based on structural sheets of half fluorite cell thick and described in terms of SDF and HDF (for slightly and highly distorted fluorite) sheets is proposed for the first time. This approach allowed clarifying the relationships between tetragonal, orthorhombic and monoclinic forms. This concept permits to propose simple structural relationships between the structures of the different polymorphs. These relationships and their correlated transformation pathways were confirmed using symmetry group relations. The results were compared to those obtained by the phenomenological approach of the tetragonal → monoclinic (T → M) martensitic phase transition. The different lattice correspondences are revisited and discussed. For the first time, some fine structural models were proposed to describe the pathways of atomic displacements taking place during each possible phase transitions. The T→M phase transition is the main transformation pathway. It may solely gives rise to the C-type lattice correspondence, the (100)
M

||(100)
T
and [001]
M

||[001]
T
relationship allowing the minimum structural changes during the transformation. The B-type variant with (100)
M

||(100)
T
and [010]
M

||[001]
T
may be developed from an indirect pathway involving either a ferroelastic phase transition by domain switching taking place in the T phase before the T → M phase transition operates or a two stage process involving a combined T → O and O → M successive and independent transitions. The orthorhombic phase is an alternative form to the monoclinic one and is in no way an intermediate phase.
Investigating the Hydrothermal Growth of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures Through Seed Layer Control
Authors: Bendall James S. , Tan Swee Ching 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Controlling the growth of ZnO nanostructures for photovoltaic applications will ensure greater device efficiency and parameter control. This paper reports on methods to engineer the morphology and tailor the nanostructure growth direction through the hydrothermal synthesis method. Effective control is achieved through the use of a sputtered zinc layer together with modifications of the growth solution. These nanostructures have been developed with a view to incorporation into excitonic solar cells, and methods to improve surface stability using a fully aqueous synthesis method will be discussed.
Photo-Curing of off-set Printing Inks by Functionalized ZnO Nanoparticles
Authors: Schmitt Michael , Kuhn Sylvia , Wotocek Matthias , Hempelmann Rolf 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
ZnO nanoparticles surface functionalized with α-oxo-carboxylic acids have been used as photo-initiators for the curing of UV off-set printing inks. Other than commercial molecular photo-initiators ZnO nanoparticles do not migrate in the cured resins, they do not leach out and therefore, even if in contact with food, there is no danger of contamination. ESR and in-situ Raman-spectroscopy have been applied to analyze the kinetics of this free radical bulk photo-polymerization process. Upon UV irradiation the Photo-Kolbe-reaction (decarboxylation of carbonic acids by the photo generated electron hole) takes place as could be confirmed by ESR and GC-MS measurements.
Ni/nano-TiO2 Composite Electrocoatings: Correlation Between Structural Characteristics Microhardness and Wear Resistance
Authors: Spanou Stella , Pavlatou Evangelia A. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Nanocomposite coatings were obtained by electrochemical codeposition of TiO2 nano-particles (mean diameter 21 nm, Degussa P25) with nickel, from an additive-free Watts type bath. Pure Ni and composite Ni-TiO2 coatings were electrolytically deposited under both direct and pulse current conditions and an extended region of electrolysis conditions (pH, current density, TiO2 loading in the bath). Pure Ni deposits were produced under the same experimental conditions for comparison. The aim of this study was to correlate the observed structural characteristics of the coatings (crystallographic orientation and grain size of nickel matrix,) and incorporation percentage with the resulting microhardness values and tribological behavior. Overall, the data have demonstrated that when attributing the observed strengthening effect of composites, not only grain refinement and dispersion strengthening mechanisms, but also preferred crystalline orientation should be taken into consideration. The variation of the wear rate is directly associated with the microhardness variations and consequently, governed by the same parameters that determine the synergistic strengthening mechanism proposed. Pure and composite coatings with [110] crystalline orientation exhibited the highest microhardness values and wear resistance.
Electrochemical and in situ Spectroelectrochemical Properties of Phthalocyanines Bearing N-Benzyl-4-Phenyloxyacetamide Moieties
Authors: Koç İmran , Camur Meryem , Bulut Mustafa , Özkaya Ali Riza 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The general redox behaviour of phthalocyanines bearing N-benzyl-4-phenyloxyacetamide moieties (H2Pc, ZnPc, NiPc, CuPc, and CoPc) has been identified by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry on Pt in dimethylsulfoxide/tetrabutylammonium perchlorate. These measurements showed that the complexes indicate subsequent one-electron reduction and oxidation processes. Although the voltammetric measurements implied the association of the redox processes of some complexes with aggregation phenomenon, the complete evaluation of the aggregation effects by only these measurements was not possible. In situ UV-Vis spectroelectrochemical measurements enabled us to assign the ligand- and metal-based redox processes, and identify if the aggregation affects these processes. These measurements suggested that the redox processes of H2Pc, NiPc, and CuPc are coupled by aggregation phenomenon, while those of ZnPc and especially CoPc are not, probably due to the difference in their axial coordinating properties.
Targeted Introgression of a Wheat Stem Rust Resistance Gene by DNA Marker-Assisted Chromosome Engineering
Authors: Niu Zhixia , Klindworth Daryl L , Friesen Timothy L , Chao Shiaoman , Jin Yue , Cai Xiwen , Xu Steven S 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Chromosome engineering is a useful strategy for transfer of alien genes from wild relatives into modern crops. However, this strategy has not been extensively used for alien gene introgression in most crops due to low efficiency of conventional cytogenetic techniques. Here, we report an improved scheme of chromosome engineering for efficient elimination of a large amount of goatgrass (Aegilops speltoides) chromatin surrounding Sr39, a gene that provides resistance to multiple stem rust races, including Ug99 (TTKSK) in wheat. The wheat ph1b mutation, which promotes meiotic pairing between homoeologous chromosomes, was employed to induce recombination between wheat chromosome 2B and goatgrass 2S chromatin using a backcross scheme favorable for inducing and detecting the homoeologous recombinants with small goatgrass chromosome segments. Forty recombinants with Sr39 with reduced surrounding goatgrass chromatin were quickly identified from 1048 backcross progenies through disease screening and molecular marker analysis. Four of the recombinants carrying Sr39 with a minimal amount of goatgrass chromatin (2.87–9.15% of the translocated chromosomes) were verified using genomic in situ hybridization. Approximately 97% of the goatgrass chromatin was eliminated in one of the recombinants, in which a tiny goatgrass chromosome segment containing Sr39 was retained in the wheat genome. Localization of the goatgrass chromatin in the recombinants led to rapid development of three molecular markers tightly linked to Sr39. The new wheat lines and markers provide useful resources for the ongoing global effort to combat Ug99. This study has demonstrated great potential of chromosome engineering in genome manipulation for plant improvement.
Pathological Video Game Use Among Youths: A Two-Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Gentile Douglas A. , Choo Hyekyung , Liau Albert , Sim Timothy , Li Dongdong , Fung Daniel , Khoo Angeline 
Published: January 2011

OBJECTIVES:We aimed to measure the prevalence and length of the problem of pathological video gaming or Internet use, to identify risk and protective factors, to determine whether pathological gaming is a primary or secondary problem, and to identify outcomes for individuals who become or stop being pathological gamers.METHODS:A 2-year, longitudinal, panel study was performed with a general elementary and secondary school population in Singapore, including 3034 children in grades 3 (N = 743), 4 (N = 711), 7 (N = 916), and 8 (N = 664). Several hypothesized risk and protective factors for developing or overcoming pathological gaming were measured, including weekly amount of game play, impulsivity, social competence, depression, social phobia, anxiety, and school performance.RESULTS:The prevalence of pathological gaming was similar to that in other countries (∼9%). Greater amounts of gaming, lower social competence, and greater impulsivity seemed to act as risk factors for becoming pathological gamers, whereas depression, anxiety, social phobias, and lower school performance seemed to act as outcomes of pathological gaming.CONCLUSION:This study adds important information to the discussion about whether video game “addiction” is similar to other addictive behaviors, demonstrating that it can last for years and is not solely a symptom of comorbid disorders.
Cigarette Advertising and Teen Smoking Initiation
Authors: Hanewinkel Reiner , Isensee Barbara , Sargent James D. , Morgenstern Matthis 
Published: January 2011

OBJECTIVE:
To test the specificity of the association between cigarette advertising and adolescent smoking initiation.

METHODS:
A longitudinal survey of 2102 adolescents, aged 10 to 17 years at baseline, who never smoked was conducted by using masked images of 6 cigarette advertisements and 8 other commercial products with all brand information digitally removed. The exposure variable was a combination of contact frequency and cued recall of brands for cigarette and other advertisements. Multilevel mixed-effects Poisson regressions were used to assess smoking initiation 9 months after the baseline assessment as a function of cigarette-advertisement exposure, other advertisement exposure, and baseline covariates.

RESULTS:
Thirteen percent (n = 277) of students initiated smoking during the observation period. Although the incidence of trying smoking was associated with increased exposure to cigarette advertisements (10% in the low, 12% in the medium, and 19% in the high cigarette-advertisement exposure tertile initiated smoking), exposure to other advertisements did not predict smoking initiation. Compared with low exposure to cigarette advertisements, high exposure remained a significant predictor of adolescent smoking initiation after controlling for baseline covariates (adjusted relative risk: 1.46 [95% confidence interval: 1.08–1.97]; P &lt; .05).

CONCLUSIONS:
Our results support the notion of a content-related effect of cigarette advertisements and underlines the specificity of the relationship between tobacco marketing and teen smoking; exposure to cigarette advertisements, but not other advertisements, is associated with smoking initiation.
Modeling of flow and mass transport in granular porous media
Authors: Coutelieris Frank 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The scope of this work is to estimate the effective mass-transfer coefficient in a two-phase system of oil and water fluid droplets, both being in a porous medium. To this end, a tracer is advected from the flowing aqueous phase to the immobile non-aqueous one. Partitioning at the fluid-fluid interface and surface diffusion are also taken into account. By using spatial/volume-averaging techniques, the appropriately simplified boundary-value problems are described and numerically solved for the flow velocity field and for the transport problem. The problem was found to be controlled by the Peclet number of the flowing phase, the dimensionless parameter Λ, containing both diffusion and partition in the two phases, as well as the geometrical properties of the porous structure. It is also verified that the usually involved unit cell-configurations underestimate the mass transport to the immobile phase.
Far field emission of micropillar and planar microcavities lattice-matched to ZnTe
Authors: Jakubczyk Tomasz , Pacuski Wojciech , Duch Paweł , Godlewski Piotr , Golnik Andrzej , Kruse Carsten , Hommel Detlef , Gaj Jan 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
We investigate light emission from ZnTe-based microcavities containing CdTe quantum dots (QDs), with 2D (planar cavity) and 0D (pillar cavities) photonic confinement. The angular distribution from the planar cavity is presented as well as 2D cross-sections of the far field distribution of radiation from the micropillars. The efficient and desirable modification of the isotropic radiation of the QDs is shown for such structures. The diffraction observed is found to be inherent for such experiments with large numerical aperture of the lens and small diameters of the investigated pillars. This diffraction is successfully modeled.
OCCURRENCE OF NITROGEN-FIXING CYANOBACTERIA IN LOCAL RICE FIELDS OF ORISSA, INDIA
Authors: Dey H. S. , Tayung K. , Bastia A. K. 
Published: January 2011

Cyanobacterial diversity occurring in some local rice fields of Orissa, India has been studied in two different seasons and influence of pH, organic carbon (%) and conductivity were correlated on their population. At different locations and seasons the pH of the soil varies from 6.30±0.20 to 6.66±0.305. Conductivity and organic carbon (%) varies from 0.6±0.10 to 0.76±0.152 and 0.56±0.045 to 0.70±0.025 respectively. Altogether 58 taxa belonging to 20 genera were obtained and characterized. Out of these 19 forms were heterocystous and 39 were non-heterocystous. Highest abundance of cyanobacteria was found in order Nostocales which was represented by 15 species. Among the species relative abundance of Oscillatoria chalybea (9.90%) was found to be highest followed by Phormidium purpurascens (8.49%), Cylindrospermum muscicola and Oscillatoria chlorina (8.01%). Highest Shannon's diversity index was recorded in sampling site 1, followed by site 2. Comparatively the diversity index was more during winter than in summer in all the study sites. Highest similarity index (0.174) was found in summer-summer isolates of site 1 and 3. Among the environmental variables (i.e., soil pH, organic carbon (%), conductivity) highly positive correlation was observed between cyanobacterial population and soil pH (r ≥ 9) in all the three sampling sites. The study indicates ubiquitous distribution of cyanobacteria in rice fields and could be exploited for biofertilizer in agriculture. Key words: Cyanobacteria; Rice fields; Abundance; Diversity index; Environmental variablesDOI: 10.3126/eco.v17i0.4120EcoprintAn International Journal of EcologyVol. 17, 2010Page: 77-85Uploaded date: 3 January, 2011