bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GORDON LYALL PAVER (1913–1988) AND 42ND GEOLOGICAL SECTION, SOUTH AFRICAN ENGINEER CORPS: MILITARY GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS IN WORLD WAR II SUPPORTING BRITISH ARMY OPERATIONS: PART 1, THE EAST AFRICAN CAMPAIGN 1940–1941
Authors: ROSE EDWARD P. F. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
42nd Geological Section of the South African Engineer Corps was a unique unit that supported British armed forces during World War II. It was co-founded and led for most of the war by Gordon Lyall Paver (1913–1988), one of the few ‘British’ officers serving specifically as geologists during the war to achieve the rank of major. Born in South Africa at Johannesburg and in his early years educated there at St. John's College, from 1926 Paver was educated in England, at Charterhouse School until admitted in 1931 to Pembroke College in the University of Cambridge, where he studied chemistry, geology and mineralogy. He graduated in 1934 and returned to South Africa, being appointed to the Geological Survey of South Africa as one of its first geophysicists and contributing to magnetometric and gravimetric surveys in the Transvaal region, expertise used in 1938 to 1940 to draft his thesis for a PhD degree (awarded in 1942). Although married in 1939 and briefly employed as a consultant geophysicist, in August 1940 Paver was one of the first three geoscientists to be mobilized as officers to found 42nd Geological Section, at Zonderwater near Pretoria in South Africa. After only a month's military training, at the end of September the Section and its vehicles deployed by rail and sea to a base near Nairobi in Kenya for operational service in East Africa, with ‘Acting Captain’ Paver as its Second-in-Command. Detachments from the Section were widely deployed in Kenya and later in Italian and British Somaliland (present-day Somalia) and also in Abyssinia (present-day Ethiopia) for surveys by means primarily of electrical earth resistivity but also vertical force magnetometer. These guided drilling of wells by another unit of the South African Engineer Corps to abstract potable groundwater— thereby facilitating troop concentrations and forward movements in arid or semi-arid regions during the ‘British’ Army's East African Campaign. Members of the Section also compiled geological maps of Kenya at scales of 1:1,000,000 and 1:2,000,000 and pioneered a military geological unit created within the East African Engineers that supported British forces in the region from 1941 to 1945. The Campaign drew to a victorious close during 1941 and, from the end of August, the Section was re-deployed northwards to a base near Cairo in Egypt. It continued to serve within the British Army's Middle East Command but with leadership now by Paver, promoted ‘Acting Major’ from 31 August and in December ‘mentioned in despatches’ for his earlier distinguished service in East Africa.
AN OVERVIEW OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF STRATIGRAPHY IN ITALY DURING THE 17TH AND 18TH CENTURIES: FROM STENO TO ARDUINO
Authors: VACCARI EZIO 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
The great variety of lithological, stratigraphical and structural features (particularly in mountain areas), as well as volcanoes and sub–volcanic phenomena, attracted many travelling scientists to the Italian peninsula since the 17th century. The description of the Earth's strata became an important issue of the naturalistic research after the works by Niels Steensen (Steno). From the end of the 17th century until the end of the 18th century lithostratigraphical research developed in Italy within the studies and fieldwork of remarkable scientists, such as Antonio Vallisneri, Luigi Ferdinando Marsili, Giovanni Arduino and others. The emergence of stratigraphy, as a significant part of the new science of geology, was later supported by the work of several Italian scientists and geological institutions from the 19th to the 20th century.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE DE FILIPPI EXPEDITION (1913–1914) TO THE GEOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE OF THE AKSAI CHIN REGION (WESTERN HIMALAYA)
Authors: FABBI SIMONE , SHA JINGENG , CESTARI RICCARDO , DOMINICI STEFANO 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Between the years 1913 to 1914 the De Filippi Expedition, led by the Italian explorer and mountaineer Filippo De Filippi (1869–1938), traversed the Himalayan Range from Kashmir to Baltistan and Xinjiang. Exploring mostly unknown territories, traveling more than 2000 kilometers, and equipped with advanced instruments for geodetic and meteorological measurements, the expedition members surveyed, mapped and collected rocks and fossils including from the remote Aksai Chin region. After almost two years, the expedition returned to Italy, however, publication of the findings was delayed due to the outbreak of the First World War. The fossil material and syntheses of the geology and stratigraphy of the area represented unique documents on this sector of Western Tibet, with the Cretaceous Period being documented by the expedition for the first time in the whole Trans-Himalayan Range. The Aksai Chin region remains poorly explored even today, and the De Filippi collection which is housed in the Natural History Museum of the University of Florence now represents one of the few records available for reconstructing the stratigraphy of the area. It constitutes a valuable resource regarding the history of the scientific exploration and understanding of the geology and paleontology of the region, providing a unique window into a very remote and fascinating part of the world.
Estimation of Geometrical Spreading Factor and Coda-Wave Attenuation Characteristics for the Saurashtra Horst in Western Deccan Volcanic Province, Gujarat, India
Authors: Bala Indu , Kumar Santosh , Sandhu Manisha , Chopra Sumer , Kumar Dinesh 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
In the present study, we have estimated the coda Q (QC) and the geometrical spreading factor (gamma) for the Saurashtra region that is located in the western part of the Deccan Volcanic Province, Gujarat, India. The waveform data from the seismic network operated by the Institute of Seismological Research, Gandhinagar, are used for the analysis. We have used records of a total of 221 local earthquakes with epicentral distances less than 70 km from the seismic stations. The moment magnitude range of the earthquakes is 2.5–5.3, and the depth range is 1–22 km. The QC has been estimated at five central frequencies (1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 20 Hz) using 20, 30, and 40 s window lengths for vertical, north–south, and east–west components, respectively. The obtained QC values show that the attenuation in the region has a strong dependence on frequency and points toward a heterogeneous medium. The geometrical spreading factors are also estimated for two cases, that is, with and without Q at the same central frequencies and window lengths. The average geometrical spreading factors with Q are 1.37, 1.48, 1.40, 1.08, and 1.04, at central frequencies 1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 20 Hz, respectively, whereas it is 1.59, 1.53, 1.47, 1.19, and 1.14, respectively, in the absence of Q. The estimated values also indicate that the medium is heterogeneous in the Saurashtra region. The estimated region-specific coda Q and the geometrical spreading factor may help in the modeling of strong ground motions and assessment of the seismic hazard for the Saurashtra region.
Rancang Bangun Elektrostimulator dengan Output Tiga Gelombang Berbasis Arduino Mega Pro Mini 2560
Authors: Kuspranoto Abdul Haris , Nuha ABA Muhammad Ulin 
Published: May 2024

Gelombang listrik mempunyai sebuah peran penting dalam berbagai unsur dalam kehidupan manusia, salah satunya dibidang kesehatan dimanfaatkan untuk diagnosa, sumber alat kesehatan, dan terapi penyakit. Pada proses terapi, arus listrik yang mempunyai frekuensi rendah dapat menstimulus bagian otot – otot saraf pada motorik maupun sensorik yang sakit dengan menggunakan aliran tenaga listrik yang sering disebut elektrostimulator. Elektrostimulator adalah sebuah perangkat elektronik yang menghasilkan gelombang listrik serta memiliki bentuk gelombang, amplitudo, frekuensi, dan lebar pulsa tertentu yang digunakan untuk menstimulasikan otot pada manusia. Dari parameter bentuk gelombang, peneliti bertujuan melakukan penelitian dengan jenis gelombang yang berbeda pada setiap terapi sehingga dilakukan penelitian tentang jenis gelombang yang diterapkan pada terapi. Pada metode penelitian ini dilakukan uji coba elektrostimulator dengan output tiga gelombang yaitu gelombang sinus, square, dan triangle yang dilengkapi dengan parameter setting level satu sampai tiga dengan nilai frekuensi dan duty cycle yang telah ditentukan. Uji fungsi alat dilakukan dengan memasang elektroda pada bagian lengan atas kemudian di uji cobakan pada semua jenis parameter dan setting level untuk membandingkan hasil yang didapat agar dapat mengetahui perbedaan hasil setiap parameter. Setiap jenis gelombang menimbulkan efek terapi yang berbeda, dan setting level memberikan tingkat rasa efek terapi yang berbeda pula. Semakin tinggi level maka semakin terasa efek terapi yang diberikan. Tingkat rasa stimulan dipengaruhi oleh tegangan, frequensi, dan duty cycle. Hasil rancang bangun alat memiliki persentase nilai kesalahan yang dilakukan dari uji fungsi alat ini yaitu 1,5%, 1,0%, dan 3,3%.
Portosystemic Hepatic Encephalopathy Scores (PHES) differ between Danish and German healthy populations despite their geographical and cultural similarities
Authors: Lauridsen Mette Munk , Grønkjær Lea Ladegaard , Atkins Jeppe Holm , Mikkelsen Stine Ulrik , Svensson Tintin , Kimer Nina , Hecker Hartmut , Berg-Beckhoff Gabriele , Weissenborn Karin , Vilstrup Hendrik 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is common in liver cirrhosis and is identified by psychometric tests. The portosystemic hepatic encephalopathy score (PHES) is the most widely used and serves as an inter-study comparator. PHES has not been standardised for use in the Danish population, where German normal values have been applied until now based on the notion that the populations are comparable. This study aimed to evaluate if German PHES normal values can be applied in the Danish population and establish Danish normal values if needed.
Methods: 200 Danish and 217 German healthy persons underwent Number Connection Test A and B (NCT), Line Tracing Test (LTT), Digit Symbol Test (DST), and Serial Dotting Test (SDT), and based on performance, PHES was calculated.
Results: German and Danish PHES performance declined with age in all subtests but more rapidly in Danes. Both, German and Danish norms were impacted by gender and education, but to a different extent in the single tests of the test battery. Accordingly, there was a need for specific Danish normal values, which are presented here. Applying the new Danish normal values instead of the German in patients with cirrhosis yielded a lower percentage of out-of-norm performances (58% vs. 66%) and, hence, a lower prevalence of MHE.
Conclusion: Danes and Germans perform differently on PHES, and therefore, normal German values cannot be used in Danish patients. Danish normal values are presented here and yield a lower number of ‘out of norm’ performances.
How short peptides can disassemble ultra-stable tau fibrils extracted from Alzheimer’s disease brain by a strain-relief mechanism
Authors: Eisenberg David , Hou Ke , Ge Peng , Sawaya Michael , Dolinsky Joshua , Yang Yuan , Jiang Yi Xiao , Lutter Liisa , Boyer David , Cheng Xinyi , Pi Justin , Zhang Jeffrey , Lu Jiahui , Yang Shixin , Yu Zhiheng , Feigon Juli 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Reducing fibrous aggregates of protein tau is a possible strategy for halting progression of Alzheimer's dis-ease (AD). Previously we found that in vitro the D-peptide D-TLKIVWC disassembles tau fibrils from AD brains (AD-tau) into benign segments with no energy source present beyond ambient thermal agitation. This disassembly by a short peptide was unexpected, given that AD-tau is sufficiently stable to withstand disas-sembly in boiling SDS detergent. To consider D peptide-mediated disassembly as a potential therapeutic for AD, it is essential to understand the mechanism and energy source of the disassembly action. We find as-sembly of D-peptides into amyloid-like fibrils is essential for tau fibril disassembly. Cryo-EM and atomic force microscopy reveal that these D-peptide fibrils have a right-handed twist and embrace tau fibrils which have a left-handed twist. In binding to the AD-tau fibril, the oppositely twisted D-peptide fibril produces a strain, which is relieved by the disassembly of both fibrils. This strain-relief mechanism appears to operate in other examples of amyloid fibril disassembly and provides a new direction for the development of first-in-class therapeutics for amyloid diseases.
Development and validation of a multivariable predictive model for Emergency Department Overcrowding based on the National Emergency Department Overcrowding Study (NEDOCS) score
Authors: Giunta Diego Hernán , Thomas Diego Sanchez , Ratti Maria Florencia Grande , Martinez Bernardo Julio 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Predicting potential overcrowding is a significant tool in efficient emergency department (ED) management. Our aim was to develop and validate overcrowding predictive models using accessible and high quality information.
Methods
Retrospective cohort study of consecutive days in the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires ED from june 2016 to may 2018. We estimated hourly NEDOCS score for the entire period, and defined the outcome as Sustained Critical ED Overcrowding (EDOC) equal to occurrence of 8 or more hours with a NEDOCS score ≥ 180. We generated 3 logistic regression predictive models with different related outcomes: beginning, ending or occurrence of Sustained Critical EDOC. We estimated calibration and discrimination as internal (random validation group and bootstrapping) and external validation (different period and different ED).
Results
The main model included both the beginning and occurrence of NEDOCS, including weather variables, variables related to NEDOCS itself and patient flow variables. The second model considered only the beginning of Sustained Critical EDOC and included variables related to NEDOCS. The last model considered the end of Sustained Critical EDOC and it included variables related to NEDOCS, weather, bed occupancy and management. Discrimination for the main model had an area under the receiver-operator curve of 0.997 (95%CI 0.994–1) in the validation group. Calibration for the model was very high on internal validation and acceptable on external validation.
Conclusion
The Sustained Critical EDOC predictive model includes variables that are easily obtained and can be used for effective resource management in situations of overcrowding.
A randomized controlled trial of a new procedure for the treatment of perianal abscesses, the Trans-intersphincteric Double Seton (TRISDS)
Authors: Zhang Leichang , Yuan Xiao , Shen Pan , Ge Wei , Liao Wu , Wang Chen , Zhang Xiaonan , Li Chaofeng , Li Lu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To study the clinical efficacy and safety of a novel procedure,Trans-intersphincteric Double Seton, for the treatment of perianal abscesses in the sciorectal hiatus.
METHODS
The study population consisted of patients with perianal abscess in the sciorectal space who underwent Trans-intersphincteric Double Seton (TRISDS) and perianal abscess Incision and Drainage (I&D) from September 2020 to September 2023 at the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The cure rate, hospitalization time, wound healing time, and Wexner score of anal function were observed in both groups after treatment.
RESULTS
100 patients with perianal abscess received surgical treatment, of which 50 patients (male/female: 41/9, mean age: 32.98 years old) received Trans-intersphincteric Double Seton as the observation group, and the other 50 patients (male/female: 38/12, mean age: 32.76 years old) received Incision and Drainage of perianal abscess as the control group, and the differences in the basic data of the patients of the two groups were not significant in comparison (P>0.05) and they are comparable. The cure rate of the observation group 86%, higher than the control group 42%, (p < 0.05) the difference is statistically significant.hospitalization time of the observation group (7.02 ± 1.63) d is shorter than that of the control group (7.36 ± 1.64) d, the two groups (p > 0.05) are not statistically significant.the healing time of the observation group (33.26 ± 3.81) d is shoeter than that of the control group (37.68 ± 6.24) d, (p < 0.05) the two groups (p < 0.05) are comparable. ) d, (p < 0.05) the difference was statistically significant. Evaluation of anal function: Wexner score comparison between the two groups of patients, no anal incontinence, preoperative and postoperative 42 days comparison (p > 0.05), there is no statistical significance, 21 days after the operation, the observation group (1.82 ± 1.32) is higher than the control group (1.28 ± 1.20), the two groups (p < 0.05),the difference is statistically significant;
CONCLUSION
For the treatment of perianal abscess in the sciorectal space, transsphincteric double-hanging suture does not lead to anal incontinence as does incision and drainage, but transsphincteric double-hanging suture is safer and more effective, with a higher rate of healing, shorter healing time, and good protection of anal function, which is of clinical promotion value.
Location and access to health courses for rural students: An Australian audit
Authors: McKinstry Carol , Quilliam Claire , Crawford Nicole , Thompson Jason , Sizer Stephanie Millns 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
The undersupply of health professionals in rural areas impacts healthcare access for those living in rural Australia. A strategy to increase the rural health workforce is to recruit and educate rural people. However, long-standing inequities for rural Australians in accessing tertiary education persist. The aim of this study was to audit the 2023 offerings of Australian allied health, nursing, dental and medical university courses to identify geographical availability and those delivered online.
Methods:
A desktop audit of Australian allied health, nursing, dental and medical courses offered in 2023 was undertaken to identify the courses and delivery modes of those courses offered in regional, rural and remote locations. The audit involved searching lists of professionally accredited courses and university websites, which is publicly available information about health courses. Data were tabulated and descriptive statistics used for data analysis.
Results:
There were marked differences in online and rural course offerings across health professions in Modified Monash (MM) Model category 2–7 locations. Nursing/midwifery had the most courses while pharmacy, podiatry, dental and medicine had few offerings and optometry had none. Social work, nursing/midwifery and psychology also had the most online course offerings. Most courses were offered in MM2 and MM3 locations with few offerings in rural or remote areas. The availability of studying part-time was very limited and often this was only for the early years of the course. There were inconsistencies relating to the course information on university websites relating to course delivery mode descriptions.
Conclusions:
There is a lack of rural on-campus or online course offerings for some allied health disciplines, dentistry and medicine. Provision of end-to-end, flexible courses in rural areas or online is needed to reduce access barriers for rural students and to enable sustainable rural health workforce development.
Versatile blood carbon dots functionalized sodium alginate/polyvinyl alcohol electroblown nanofibers for rapid fabricated innovative active food packaging
Authors: ALP Mehmet Ali , DOĞAN Cemhan , AKGUL Yasin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This research used electroblown nanofibers made from a blend of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sodium alginate (SA), activated by carbon dots obtained from bovine blood (BCDs), to create a new solution for active food packaging. The nanoscale size of BCDs revealed low toxicity on chondrocyte and lung cell types, ensuring safety in biomedical applications. The insertion of BCDs into the nanofiber matrix lowered surface hydrophobicity but strengthened water solubility and mechanical strength. These nanofibers demonstrated exceptional antioxidant activities and exhibited inhibitory effects against both E. coli and S. aureus. Conducting real food trials on chicken fillets disclosed the large reduction in viable bacteria count and lipid oxidation, consequently extending the durability of the product. Noteworthy is the eco-conscious element of these nanofibers; in soil burial experiments, the packing material disintegrated within a mere 57 days, underlining its negligible environmental impact. These environmentally friendly electroblown nanofibers, supplemented with BCDs, represent a viable future for sustainable food packaging. In seamlessly coupling food safety with eco-friendly methods, this methodology offers a comprehensive and practical answer for the packaging industry.
Acromioclavicular Dislocations. A Novel Surgical Technique for biological reconstruction of coraco-claviculer ligaments
Authors: Abdel-AAl Mohamed , Kornah Bahaa ,   (4)	Mohamed . Ibrahim,   (5)	Mohamed Akl,   (6)	Mohammad Soliman, Harby Mohamed , Hassan )Tohamy 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: Acromioclavicular joint represents the link between the clavicle and the scapula, which is responsible for the synchronized dynamics of shoulder girdle. Several surgical tactics for acromioclavicular joint dislocation has been described which aim to restore joint congruity and mechanical stability.
Purpose: of this study was to asses functional, radiological outcomes and complications of coracoclavicular (CC) ligaments reconstruction utilizing a novel technique sacrificing the lateral half of conjoint tendon and passé it through holes in the clavicle.
Patients &Methods: Between July 2017 to December 2020, a prospective case series study was conducted in 3 centers. Institutional review board approval was gained for this technical note and informed consent was obtained from all study participants including 25 patients with types III ,IV and V AC injuries. All patients underwent CC ligament reconstruction by using lateral half of conjoint tendon.
Results: After a mean follow up period of 18±2.3 months patients showed significant improvement between mean preoperative and postoperative pain, ROM, Constant, ASES scores and CC distance difference. The patients were evaluated for pain, range of motion (ROM), radiologic findings (CC distance difference between both sides), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), and Constant scores. Postoperative complications were recorded and assessment of time of returning to the work was done. The evaluation was done preoperatively and each time of follow up with a minimum period of one year.
Some complications evolved in this series included: superficial wound infection occurred in two cases and fracture clavicle occurred in one case
Conclusion: The described technique is simple, reproducible and is anticipated to reduce the cost of the operative procedure significantly.
Level of evidence/ Level IV case series study