bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reporting of radiation exposure in contemporary interventional cardiology trials
Authors: Vargas Alejandro , Shroff Adhir R. , Vidovich Mladen I. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectives: To determine reporting of radiation exposure in contemporary interventional cardiology randomized trials published in leading journals. Background: Interventional cardiology procedures are a significant source of ionizing radiation, which can have detrimental effects on both patients and medical personnel. Methods: The EuroIntervention 2010 supplement served as a source of randomized trials in interventional cardiology published in scientific literature from 2000 to 2010. Results: Of all the trials in the supplement, 204 represented original research and were examined for reporting of radiation dose and fluoroscopy times. Only eight trials (3.92%) reported either radiation exposure or fluoroscopy time, covering 16,563 patients (4.55% of the total patient population of 363,727). All of these trials were published after 2006. The average fluoroscopy time reported in seven trials was 13.6 min and the mean radiation dose reported in three trials was 58.67 Gy cm2. Conclusions: Radiation exposure is not consistently reported in contemporary interventional cardiology trials. Even when reporting occurs, trials may not report detailed data such as radiation dose, radiation exposure time, or fluoroscopy time. Although reporting of radiation exposure has not been a requirement in research studies, efforts by professional societies and regulatory authorities toward standardized reporting should aid clinicians in making a more informed decision on specific interventional procedures and devices. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predictors of treatment in acute coronary syndromes in the elderly
Authors: Rittger Harald , Schnupp Steffen , Sinha Anil‐Martin , Breithardt Ole‐Alexander , Schmidt Martin , Zimmermann Stefan , Mahnkopf Christian , Brachmann Johannes , Rieber Johannes 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground: Management of elderly patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is not standardized and physicians discretion for invasive versus conservative strategies lacks sufficient evidence. The purpose of this analysis was, therefore, to evaluate treatment strategies and outcomes of elderly patients with ACS and to highlight reasons for the treatment decision in a consecutive series of elderly patients. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 1,001 elderly patients (>75 years) presenting with ACS. Patients were identified on the basis of their final discharge diagnosis. Baseline data, past medical history, cardiac and noncardiac concomitant diseases, treatment strategy, and adverse outcomes were evaluated, using patient's charts. Various co‐variates were used to determine the association or predictive value of these co‐variates to the invasive versus conservative management of the subjects. Thirty‐day mortality and long‐term survival were assessed either directly or in discharged patients via telephone interview with the patients, the patients' relatives or the primary care physicians. Results: A total of 776 (77.5%) patients were treated invasively and 225 (22.5%) conservatively. Logistic regression analysis revealed that patients with advanced age, Killip class > II, pre‐existing coronary artery disease, prior stroke, pre‐existing renal failure, obesity, non‐ST‐elevation myocardial infarction, prior ACS, and the presence of supraventricular arrhythmias were significantly more likely to undergo conservative treatment. In‐hospital mortality was significantly higher in conservatively treated patients (P < 0.001). Conclusion: In this retrospective analysis, we identified age as the main predictor for a conservative treatment strategy in elderly patients, albeit an invasive strategy was associated with a significantly better outcome. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biodiesel Production from the Lipid of Wastewater Sludge Using an Acidic Heterogeneous Catalyst
Authors: Siddiquee M. N. , Kazemian H. , Rohani S. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe production of biodiesel from the lipid of wastewater sludge was studied using SBA‐15 impregnated with the heteropolyacid H3PO4·12WO3·xH2O (PW12) as a mesoporous heterogeneous catalyst. X‐ray diffraction, Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller surface area, thermalgravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy were applied to characterize the prepared catalysts. Catalytic performances were evaluated in a microreactor setup under different experimental conditions. The biodiesel yield for a sample impregnated with 15 % PW12 was 30.14 wt‐% at a temperature of 135 °C and a pressure of 135 psi for 3 h reaction time.
Cold Flow Model Study of an Oxyfuel Combustion Pilot Plant
Authors: Guío‐Pérez D. C. , Tondl G. , Höltl W. , Pröll T. , Hofbauer H. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe fluid‐dynamic behavior of a circulating fluidized bed pilot plant for oxyfuel combustion was studied in a cold flow model, down‐scaled using Glicksman's criteria. Pressures along the unit and the global circulation rate were used for characterization. The analysis of five operating parameters and their influence on the system was carried out; namely, total solids inventory and the air velocity of primary, secondary, loop seal and support fluidizations. The cold flow model study shows that the reactor design allows stable operation at a wide range of fluidization rates, with results that agree well with previous observations described in the literature.
Synthesis and Properties of Hybrid Porphyrin Tapes
Authors: Tanaka Takayuki , Lee Byung Sun , Aratani Naoki , Yoon Min‐Chul , Kim Dongho , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: November 2011

AbstractHybrid porphyrin tapes 3 and 4, consisting of a mixture of 3,5‐di‐tert‐butylphenyl‐substituted donor‐type ZnII–porphyrins and pentafluorophenyl‐substituted acceptor‐type ZnII–porphyrins, were prepared by a synthetic route involving cross‐condensation reaction of a NiII–porphyrinyldipyrromethane and pentafluorophenyldipyrromethane with pentafluorobenzaldehyde followed by appropriate demetalation, remetalation, and oxidative ring‐closure reaction. The NiII‐substituted porphyrin tapes 5 (Ni‐Zn‐Ni) and 6 (Ni‐H2‐Ni) were also prepared through similar routes. The hybrid porphyrin tapes 3 and 4 are more soluble and more stable than normal porphyrin tapes 1 and 2 consisting of only donor‐type ZnII–porphyrins. The solid‐state and crystal packing structures of 3, 4, and 5 were elucidated by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Singly meso–meso‐linked hybrid porphyrin arrays 12 and 14 exhibit redox potentials that roughly correspond to each constituent porphyrin segments, while the redox potentials of the hybrid porphyrin tapes 3 and 4 are positively shifted as a whole. The two‐photon absorption (TPA) values of 1–6 were measured by using a wavelength‐scanning open aperture Z‐scan method and found to be 1900, 21 000, 2200, 27 000, 24 000, and 26 000 GM, respectively. These results illustrate an important effect of elongation of π‐electron conjugation for the enhancement of TPA values. The hybrid porphyrin tapes show slightly larger TPA values than the parent ones.
Developmental origins and architecture of Drosophila leg motoneurons
Authors: Brierley D.J. , Rathore K. , VijayRaghavan K. , Williams D.W. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractMotoneurons are key points of convergence within motor networks, acting as the “output channels” that directly control sets of muscles to maintain posture and generate movement. Here we use genetic mosaic techniques to reveal the origins and architecture of the leg motoneurons of Drosophila. We show that a small number of leg motoneurons are born in the embryo but most are generated during larval life. These postembryonic leg motoneurons are produced by five neuroblasts per hemineuromere, and each lineage generates stereotyped lineage‐specific projection patterns. Two of these postembryonic neuroblasts generate solely motoneurons that are the bulk of the leg motoneurons. Within the largest lineage, lineage 15, we see distinct birth‐order differences in projection patterns. A comparison of the central projections of leg motoneurons and the muscles they innervate reveals a stereotyped architecture and the existence of a myotopic map. Timeline analysis of axonal outgrowth reveals that leg motoneurons reach their sites of terminal arborization in the leg at the time when their dendrites are elaborating their subtype‐specific shapes. Our findings provide a comprehensive description of the origin, development, and architecture of leg motoneurons that will aid future studies exploring the link between the assembly and organization of connectivity within the leg motor system of Drosophila. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:1629–1649, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Two populations of corticothalamic and interareal corticocortical cells in the subgranular layers of the mouse primary sensory cortices
Authors: Petrof Iraklis , Viaene Angela N. , Sherman S. Murray 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe subgranular layers (layers 5 and 6) of primary sensory cortex provide corticofugal output to thalamus and they also project to the appropriate secondary sensory cortices. Here we injected two combinations of different color retrograde fluorescent markers in the thalamic and cortical targets of these layers from the three primary sensory cortices (somatosensory, auditory, and visual) in mice to examine the degree of overlap between corticothalamic and interareal corticocortical cells in the subgranular layers. We found that, for all three primary sensory cortices, double‐labeled cells were extremely rare, indicating that corticothalamic and interareal corticocortical cells in the subgranular layers represent largely independent populations. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:1678–1686, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Epha4 controls the midline crossing and contralateral axonal projections of inferior olive neurons
Authors: Hashimoto Mitsuhiro , Ito Rie , Kitamura Naohito , Namba Kazunori , Hisano Yasuko 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe guidance of axonal projections to ipsilateral and contralateral regions is essential for integration of bilateral sensory information and coordination of movement. In the development of olivocerebellar projections, newborn neurons of inferior olivary (IO) nuclei ventrally migrate from the hindbrain rhombic lip to the floor plate (FP). The cell bodies of IO neurons cannot cross the FP but their axons can, and thus IO neurons project their axons only to the contralateral cerebellar cortex. The molecular mechanisms determining the contralateral axonal projections of IO neurons, however, are obscure. The IO neurons and their axons express EphA4, whereas the FP expresses an EphA4 ligand, EphrinB3, from embryonic day 12.5. Therefore, we tested whether EphA4‐deficient mice (EphA4−/−) would show impairment in the development of olivocerebellar projections. We found that, in EphA4−/− embryos, some of the IO neurons projected their axons to the ipsilateral cerebellar cortex because the cell bodies of the IO neurons abnormally crossed the FP. Furthermore, even in adults, EphA4−/− cerebella were bilaterally innervated by unilateral IO subnuclei. These observations indicate that EphA4 is involved in the contralateral axonal projections of IO neurons by preventing their cell bodies from crossing the midline FP. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:1702–1720, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Second‐order input to the medial amygdala from olfactory sensory neurons expressing the transduction channel TRPM5
Authors: Thompson John A. , Salcedo Ernesto , Restrepo Diego , Finger Thomas E. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractRecent anatomical tracing experiments in rodents have established that a subset of mitral cells in the main olfactory bulb (MOB) projects directly to the medial amygdala (MeA), traditionally considered a target of the accessory olfactory bulb. Neurons that project from the MOB to the MeA also show activation in response to conspecific (opposite sex) volatile urine exposure, establishing a direct role of the MOB in semiochemical processing. In addition, olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) that express the transient receptor potential M5 (TRPM5) channel innervate a subset of glomeruli that respond to putative semiochemical stimuli. In this study, we examined whether the subset of glomeruli targeted by TRPM5‐expressing OSNs is innervated by the population of mitral cells that projects to the MeA. We injected the retrograde tracer cholera toxin B (CTB) into the MeA of mice in which the TRPM5 promoter drives green fluorescent protein (GFP). We found overlapping clusters of CTB‐labeled mitral cell dendritic branches (CTB+) in TRPM5‐GFP+ glomeruli at significantly greater frequency than expected by chance. Despite the significant degree of colocalization, some amygdalopetal mitral cells extended dendrites to non‐TRPM5‐GFP glomeruli and vice versa, suggesting that, although significant overlapping glomerular innervation is observed between these two features, it is not absolute J. Comp. Neurol. 520:1819–1830, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
SNARE protein expression and localization in human cytotoxic T lymphocytes
Authors: Pattu Varsha , Qu Bin , Schwarz Eva C. , Strauß Bettina , Weins Lisa , Bhat Shruthi S. , Halimani Mahantappa , Marshall Misty , Rettig Jens , Hoth Markus 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe major function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is to eliminate pathogen‐infected and tumorigenic cells. This is mediated mainly through the exocytosis of lytic granules (LGs) containing cytotoxic components, such as perforin and granzymes at the immunological synapse (IS). The soluble NSF attachment receptor (SNARE) protein isoforms are well known to be required for vesicle exocytosis in neuronal synapses, but their potential function in CTLs is only partly understood. Here, we examined the expression of SNARE proteins before and after the activation of primary human CD8+ T cells and determined their co‐localization with LGs and CD3 after IS formation with target cells. We found that several key SNARE proteins in neuronal cells were not expressed in CTLs, such as syntaxin1B2 and SNAP‐25. Vti1b, Stx8 and Stx16 had the highest degrees of co‐localization with LGs while Stx3, Stx4, Stx6, Stx7, Stx8, Stx13, Vti1b, VAMP3 and VAMP4 co‐localized with CD3. Our data provide the first complete expression profile and localization of SNAREs in primary human CD8+ T cells, laying the groundwork for further understanding their potential role in T‐cell function.
Single‐Use Sensor Platforms Based on Carbon Nanotubes for Electrochemical Detection of DNA Hybridization Related to Microcystis spp.
Authors: Erdem Arzum , Karadeniz Hakan , Canavar Pembe Ece , Congur Gulsah 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe electrochemical monitoring of (i) label‐free and (ii) indicator based DNA hybridization related to Microcystis spp. (MYC) DNA was explored in this study via multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) based screen printed graphite electrodes (SPEs). The effect of CNT modification onto SPE was firstly investigated by measuring the oxidation signals of guanine and adenine before/after DNA immobilization onto the surfaces of bare SPE, MWCNT‐SPE and SWCNT‐SPE in combination with differential pulse voltammetry. MYC‐DNA hybridization was monitored by following two procedures and measuring the guanine oxidation signal and the reduction signal of cobalt‐phenanthroline Co(phen)33+. Voltammetric results were complemented with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).
A Simple Strategy for Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol and Caffeine Using Flow Injection Analysis with Multiple Pulse Amperometric Detection
Authors: Silva Wesley C. , Pereira Polyana F. , Marra Mariana C. , Gimenes Denise T. , Cunha Rafael R. , da Silva Rodrigo A. B. , Munoz Rodrigo A. A. , Richter Eduardo M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn this work, we report a simple and novel strategy for simultaneous analysis using flow injection analysis with multiple pulse amperometric (FIA‐MPA) detection. The proposed strategy was successfully used for simultaneous determination of paracetamol and caffeine (model analytes) in pharmaceutical formulations. A sequence of potential pulses (waveform) was selected in such a way that PA is selectively oxidized at E1 (+1.20 V/50 ms) and both compounds (PA+CA) are simultaneously oxidized at E2 (+1.55 V/50 ms); hence, current subtraction (using a correction factor) can be used for the selective determination of CA. The proposed FIA method is simple, cheap, fast (140 injections h−1), and present selectivity for the determination of both compounds in pharmaceutical samples, with results similar to those obtained by HPLC at a 95 % confidence level.
Noncovalent Assembly of Picket‐Fence Porphyrin on Carbon Nanotubes as Effective Peroxidase‐Like Catalysts for Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide in Beverages
Authors: Li Xiao‐Rong , Wang Bo , Xu Jing‐Juan , Chen Hong‐Yuan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA newly developed electrochemical sensor for determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in beverages using a water‐insoluble picket‐fence porphyrin (FeTpivPP) functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) is demonstrated. Introduction of FeTpivPP on MWNTs led to enhanced electron transfer. As a new platform in electrochemical analysis, the resultant sensor showed excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the reduction of H2O2 due to the synergic effect between MWNTs and FeTpivPP, thus leading to highly sensitive amperometric sensing of H2O2 with a detection limit of 0.05 µmol L−1. The developed method is successfully used to detect H2O2 in beverages and shows great promise for routine sensing applications.
Glutathione level and genotoxicity in human oral keratinocytes exposed to TEGDMA
Authors: Volk Joachim , Leyhausen Gabriele , Geurtsen Werner 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTriethylene‐glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) is an important matrix comonomer used in many resin‐modified dental materials. As the monomer‐polymer conversion of these biomaterials is up to 80% at best, TEGDMA may leach into the oral cavity and the pulp in millimolar concentrations. Objective of this study was to evaluate whether TEGDMA is genotoxic in immortalized human oral keratinocytes (OKF6/TERT2), for example, due to formation of oxidative DNA‐lesions. OKF6‐TERT2 cells were exposed to TEGDMA at concentrations ranging from 0.5 mM to 5.0 mM. Cell viability was analyzed by the fluorescent probe propidium iodide (PI), intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescein diacetate, whereas glutathione concentrations (GSH) were read using monobromobimane. Genotoxicity was determined quantitatively by the alkaline comet assay. To explore the presence of oxidized bases that could be produced by oxidative events during short‐term treatment with TEGDMA, the 8‐hydroxyguanine DNA‐glycosylase 1 (hOGG1)‐modified comet assay was used. TEGDMA induced an early and rapid GSH‐depletion in a concentration‐dependent manner (p < 0.05). A total of 5 mM TEGDMA reduced GSH to 57.8% ± 8.6% of control values already after 30 min. There was no significant reduction in cell viability during 6 h of incubation, and only moderate ROS‐formation was detected after 4 h of treatment with TEGDMA. But after 24 h, TEGDMA‐concentrations of ≥2.5 mM induced a significant reduction of total cell numbers and cells' viability. Furthermore, TEGDMA caused a concentration‐dependent DNA damage in OKF6/TERT2 cultures, which was not associated with a detectable formation of 8‐hydroxy‐2'‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) in the cellular genome. In conclusion, our results show that TEGDMA influences the intracellular redox metabolism and may exhibit pronounced cyto‐ and genotoxic effects in human immortalized oral keratinocytes. However, it may be concluded that oxidative stress is not causative for TEGDMA‐dependent genotoxicity in these cells. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 100B: 391–399, 2012.
In vitro degradation behavior and bioactivity of magnesium‐Bioglass® composites for orthopedic applications
Authors: Huan Zhiguang , Leeflang Sander , Zhou Jie , Zhai Wanyin , Chang Jiang , Duszczyk Jurek 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTo improve the bioactivity and degradation behavior of biodegradable magnesium, biodegradable metal matrix composites with the ZK30 magnesium alloy as the matrix and bioactive glass (BG, 45S5) as the reinforcement were prepared. The microstructures of the ZK30‐BG composites showed homogeneous dispersion of BG particles throughout the matrix. XRD and EDX analyses confirmed the retention of the morphological characteristics and composition of BG particles in the composites. Immersion tests in the minimum essential medium with Earle's balanced salts at 37°C showed that the composites with 5 and 10% BG had lower rates of degradation and hydrogen evolution than the matrix alloy. In addition, the tests confirmed that the composites possessed an enhanced ability to induce calcium and phosphate ion deposition on sample surfaces during degradation, suggesting accelerated surface mineralization that would lead to improved bioactivity when compared with the matrix alloy. In vitro cytotoxicity tests showed that the ionic products of the composites formed during degradation possessed a superior ability to support the survival, proliferation, and osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells to those of the ZK30 alloy. The ZK30‐BG composites with enhanced bioactivity and reduced degradation rate could be promising biodegradable materials for orthopedic implants. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 100B: 437–446, 2012.
The influence of grain size on low‐temperature degradation of dental zirconia
Authors: Hallmann Lubica , Mehl Albert , Ulmer Peter , Reusser Eric , Stadler Johannes , Zenobi Renato , Stawarczyk Bogna , Özcan Mutlu , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of grain size and air abrasion on low‐temperature degradation (LTD) of yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y‐TZP). Disc‐shaped specimens were sintered at 1350, 1450, and 1600°C. Air abrasion was performed with different abrasive particles. The specimens were stored for 2 h at 134°C under 2.3 bar water vapor pressure. All specimens were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction analysis (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Y‐TZP sintered at a temperature of 1350°C did not undergo the t–m phase transformation during accelerated aging. The diffusion‐controlled t–m phase transformation initiated with the specimens sintered at 1450°C. This transformation was remarkable for the specimens sintered at 1600°C. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements did not confirm the generation of Zr‐OH and Y‐OH bonds. No increase of yttrium concentration on the grain boundaries of Y‐TZP was detected, which could be responsible for the destabilization of dental zirconia ceramics. A slight increase of diffusion‐controlled t–m phase transformations was observed for all abraded specimens sintered at 1350 and 1450°C. The size of abrasive particles did not play a crucial role on LTD of Y‐TZP. The retardation of diffusion‐controlled t–m phase transformation was evident for all abraded specimens sintered at 1600°C by comparison to non‐abraded specimens. Conclusion: The LTD of Y‐TZP can be suppressed when the sintering temperature is set between 1350 and 1450°C. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 100B: 447–456, 2012.