bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A change in paradigm: Giving back identity to donors in the anatomy laboratory
Authors: Talarico Ernest F. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis article describes a paradigm of teaching in the anatomy laboratory where students interact with the families of the deceased persons whom they are dissecting. This approach focuses learning anatomy and medicine on the patient via the implementation of five guiding principles: the First Patient; Knowledge; Reflection and Reflective Practice; Treating the Total Patient; and Professionalism. Physician training typically begins with cadaveric dissection (i.e., dissection of the first patient), and therefore the medical school gross anatomy course provides an ideal environment for multifaceted educational experiences where cadaveric dissection is used to teach structure and function as well as the skills and competencies critical to patient care. Here, these principles are described, and the impact on student doctors and outcomes discussed. The results suggest that mastery of basic science knowledge and competencies, including professionalism, compassion, and leadership skill is enhanced by this protocol. Clin. Anat. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Affective engagement to emotional facial expressions of embodied social agents in a decision‐making game
Authors: Choi Ahyoung , Melo Celso De , Woo Woontack , Gratch Jonathan 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTPrevious research illustrates that people can be influenced by the emotional displays of computer‐generated agents. What is less clear is if these influences arise from cognitive or affective process (i.e., do people use agent displays as information or do they provoke user emotions). To unpack these processes, we examine the decisions and physiological reactions of participants (heart rate and electrodermal activity) when engaged in a decision task (prisoner's dilemma game) with emotionally expressive agents. Our results replicate findings that people's decisions are influenced by such emotional displays, but these influences differ depending on the extent to which these displays provoke an affective response. Specifically, we show that an individual difference known as electrodermal lability predicts the extent to whether people will engage affectively or strategically with such agents, thereby better predicting their decisions. We discuss implications for designing agent facial expressions to enhance social interaction between humans and agents. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of internal mammary lymph node drainage identified by preoperative lymphoscintigraphy on outcomes in patients with stage I to III breast cancer
Authors: Kong Amanda L. , Tereffe Welela , Hunt Kelly K. , Yi Min , Kang Taewoo , Weatherspoon Kimberly , Mittendorf Elizabeth A. , Bedrosian Isabelle , Hwang Rosa F. , Babiera Gildy V. , Buchholz Thomas A. , Meric‐Bernstam Funda 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Involvement of internal mammary (IM) lymph nodes is associated with a poor prognosis for patients with breast cancer. This study examined the effect of drainage to IM nodes identified by lymphoscintigraphy on oncologic outcomes.METHODS:A prospectively maintained breast cancer patient database at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center was used to identify patients with stage I to III breast cancer who underwent preoperative lymphoscintigraphy with peritumoral injection of colloid and intraoperative lymphatic mapping from 1996 to 2005. Medical records were reviewed of 1772 patients who had drainage to any lymph node basin on lymphoscintigraphy but who did not undergo IM nodal biopsy. Patients with IM drainage, with or without axillary drainage, were compared with patients without IM drainage. Local‐regional recurrence, distant disease‐free survival (DDFS), and overall survival were evaluated.RESULTS:We identified IM drainage in 334 patients (18.8%). Patients with IM drainage were significantly younger, less likely to have upper outer quadrant tumors, and more likely to have smaller and medial tumors than patients without IM drainage. Rates of IM irradiation did not differ between the 2 groups. The median follow‐up time was 7.4 years. On multivariate analysis, IM drainage was significantly associated with a worse DDFS (hazard ratio, 1.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.03‐2.6; P = .04) but not local‐regional recurrence or overall survival.CONCLUSIONS:IM drainage on preoperative lymphoscintigraphy was found to be significantly associated with worse DDFS. Further study is needed to determine the role of lymphoscintigraphy in the personalization of breast cancer staging and therapy. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Risk of retinoblastoma is associated with a maternal polymorphism in dihydrofolatereductase (DHFR) and prenatal folic acid intake
Authors: Orjuela Manuela A. , Cabrera‐Muñoz Lourdes , Paul Ligi , Ramirez‐Ortiz Marco A. , Liu Xinhua , Chen Jia , Mejia‐Rodriguez Fabiola , Medina‐Sanson Aurora , Diaz‐Carreño Silvia , Suen Ida H. , Selhub Jacob , Ponce‐Castañeda M. Veronica 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The incidence of unilateral retinoblastoma varies globally, suggesting possible environmental contributors to disease incidence. Maternal intake of naturally occurring folate from vegetables during pregnancy is associated inversely with the risk of retinoblastoma in offspring.METHODS:The authors used a case‐control study design to examine the association between retinoblastoma risk and maternal variations in the folate‐metabolizing genes methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) (a cytosine‐to‐thymine substitution at nucleotide 677 [MTHFR677C→T]; reference single nucleotide polymorphism rs1801133) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) (a 19‐base‐pair deletion of intron 1a [DHFR19bpdel]; rs70991108). In central Mexico, 103 mothers of children with newly diagnosed unilateral retinoblastoma were enrolled in an institutional review board‐approved study along with a control group of 97 mothers who had healthy children. Mothers were interviewed regarding perinatal characteristics, including use of prenatal vitamin supplements, and gave peripheral blood samples, which were used for polymerase chain reaction‐based genotyping of rs1801133 and rs70991108.RESULTS:The risk of having a child with unilateral retinoblastoma was associated with maternal homozygosity for DHFR19bpdel (odds ratio, 3.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.89‐7.55; P = .0002), even after controlling for the child's DHFR19bpdel genotype (odds ratio, 2.81; 95% confidence interval, 1.32‐5.99; P = .0073). In a subgroup of 167 mothers with data on prenatal intake of supplements containing folic acid (a synthetic form of folate), DHFR19bpdel‐associated risk was elevated significantly only among those who reported taking folic acid supplements. Maternal MTHFR genotype was unrelated to the risk of having a child with retinoblastoma.CONCLUSIONS:Maternal homozygosity for a polymorphism in the DHFR gene necessary for converting synthetic folic acid into biologic folate was associated with an increased risk for retinoblastoma. Prenatal ingestion of synthetic folic acid supplements may be associated with increased risk for early childhood carcinogenesis in a genetically susceptible subset of the population. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Local recurrence of localized soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Biau David J. , Ferguson Peter C. , Chung Peter , Griffin Anthony M. , Catton Charles N. , O'Sullivan Brian , Wunder Jay S. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to examine the effect of known predictors of local recurrence of soft tissue sarcoma in a competing risk setting.METHODS:The outcome of interest was the cumulative probability of local recurrence per category of relevant predictors, with death as a competing event. In total, 1668 patients with a localized soft tissue sarcoma of the extremity or trunk were included.RESULTS:Tumor size (hazard ratio, 3.3), depth (hazard ratio, 3.2), and histologic grade (hazard ratio, 4.5) were the variables that had the most effect on the risk of metastasis and, accordingly, were the most likely to induce competition. Surgical margins (hazard ratio, 3.3), histologic grade (hazard ratio, 2.1), presentation status (hazard ratio, 2.4), and tumor depth (hazard ratio, 1.5) were the variables that had the most effect on the risk of local recurrence. The 10‐year cumulative probabilities of local recurrence were markedly different within categories for presentation status (P < .001) and surgical margin status (P < .001). However, because of the competing effect of death, there was little difference in the 10‐year cumulative probabilities of local recurrence with regard to tumor depth (12% and 11.4% for deep and superficial tumors, respectively; P = .2), tumor size (10.6% and 13.3% for large and small tumors, respectively; P = .99), or histologic tumor grade (12.6%, 10.7%, and 11.1% for high, intermediate, and low‐grade tumors, respectively; P = .17).CONCLUSIONS:Because of the competition between local recurrence and death, histologic tumor grade, tumor size, and tumor depth had little influence on the cumulative probability of local recurrence. The authors concluded that local management should be based on presentation status and surgical margins rather than other, previously acknowledged factors. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Quantitative analysis of BDNF/TrkB protein and mRNA in cortical and striatal neurons using α‐tubulin as a normalization factor
Authors: Ma Bin , Savas Jeffrey N. , Chao Moses V. , Tanese Naoko 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe neurotrophin brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor tyrosine kinase TrkB serve important regulatory roles for multiple aspects of the biology of neurons including cell death, survival, growth, differentiation, and plasticity. Regulation of the local availability of BDNF/TrkB at distinct subcellular domains such as soma, dendrites, axons, growth cones, nerve terminals, and spines appears to contribute to their specific functions. In view of the variance in size and shape of neurons and their compartments, previous quantitative studies of the BDNF/TrkB protein and mRNA lacked a robust normalization procedure. To overcome this problem, we have established methods that use immunofluorescence detection of α‐tubulin as a normalization factor for the quantitative analysis of protein and mRNA in primary rat cortical and striatal neurons in culture. The efficacy of this approach is demonstrated by studying the dynamic distribution of proteins and mRNA at different growth stages or conditions. Treatment of cultured neurons with KCl resulted in increased levels of TrkB protein, reduced levels of BDNF mRNA (composite of multiple transcripts) and a slight reduction in BDNF protein levels in the dendrites from the cortex. The KCl treatment also lowered the percentage of BDNF and TrkB proteins in the soma indicative of protein transport. Finally, analysis of the rat cortical and striatal neurons demonstrated comparable or even higher levels of BDNF/TrkB protein and BDNF mRNA in the neurons from the striatum. Thus, in contrast to previous observations made in vivo, striatal neurons are capable of synthesizing BDNF mRNA when cultured in growth media in vitro. The analytical approach presented here provides a detailed understanding of BDNF/TrkB levels in response to a variety of neuronal activities. Our methods could be used broadly, including applications in cell and tissue cytometry, to yield accurate quantitative data of gene expression in cellular and subcellular contexts. © 2012 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Highlighting nuclear membrane staining in thyroid neoplasms with emerin: Review and diagnostic utility
Authors: Kinsella Mary D. , Hinrichs Benjamin , Cohen Cynthia , Siddiqui Momin T. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractImmunohistochemical staining (IHC) with emerin, an integral inner nuclear membrane protein, highlights nuclear membrane details in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). We evaluated emerin for highlighting nuclear shape, grooves, inclusions, circumferential nuclear membrane irregularities (“garlands”), deep “stellate” membrane invaginations, and crescents in 34 fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cell blocks, PTC (n = 24) and follicular neoplasms (FN) (n = 10). Tissue microarrays were also examined for 182 cases, PTC (n = 95) and non‐PTC (n = 87). Emerin IHC of PTC revealed a predominantly oval nuclear shape in the majority of cases, with FN demonstrating round nuclei and FV of PTC showing a roughly equal distribution of round and oval shapes. In addition to oval nuclear shape, the presence of emerin‐positive nuclear grooves, circumferential emerin nuclear “garlands,” nuclear crescent shapes, and chromatin clearing on cell block H&E staining were significant predictors of PTC by regression analysis. Emerin IHC of thyroid FNA and surgical specimens serves as a useful adjunct to conventional H&E staining in the diagnosis of PTC and its distinction from FN by delineating diagnostic nuclear membrane irregularities (“garlands” and crescents), nuclear grooves, and a characteristic oval nuclear shape. In diagnostically challenging cases with limited cellularity, emerin staining can help to provide a more definitive diagnosis of PTC. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of the suitability of archival Bouin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue specimens to proteomic investigation
Authors: Tanca Alessandro , Addis Maria Filippa , Simula Maria Paola , Pagnozzi Daniela , Biosa Grazia , Pisanu Salvatore , Garziera Marica , Cannizzaro Renato , Canzonieri Vincenzo , De Re Valli , Uzzau Sergio 
Published: May 2012

Bouin's solution has been used for over a century as a common fixative in several pathology laboratories worldwide. Therefore, a considerable number of Bouin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (BFPE) tumor samples of various origin are available in hospital repositories as a powerful information mine for clinical investigations. To date, however, such archived tissues have not been subjected to a systematic study aimed to evaluate their potential use in proteomics.In this report, we investigated whether archival BFPE tissue specimens could be exploited for proteomic studies, upon application of protein extraction and proteomic analysis methods previously optimized for formalin‐fixed samples. As a result, gastric BFPE protein extracts exhibited poor suitability for 2D-PAGE analysis, whereas over 300 unique proteins could be successfully detected when extracts were subjected to SDS‐PAGE followed by LC‐MS/MS (GeLC‐MS/MS). Among these, several known markers for gastric cancer and normal gastric functionality were identified, indicative of biological and clinical significance of proteomic data mined from BFPE tissues. A quantitative and qualitative comparison of FFPE and BFPE tissue proteomes was also performed, and results are reported. In conclusion, we demonstrated that BFPE specimens can be analyzed by means of a proteomic approach such as GeLC‐MS/MS. Although considerable molecular biases and technical constraints exist, BFPE tissue archives can be fruitfully exploited for gathering proteomic data from particularly precious samples.
Variable stiffness smart structure systems to mitigate seismic induced building damages
Authors: Duerr K. , Tesfamariam S. , Wickramasinghe V. , Grewal A. 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYUpgrading noncode conforming buildings to mitigate seismic induced damages is important in moderate to high seismic hazard regions. The damage, can be mitigated by using conventional (e.g. FRP wrapping) and emerging (e.g. smart structures) retrofit techniques. A model for the structure to be retrofitted should include relevant performance indicators. This paper proposes a variable stiffness smart structure device known as the Smart Spring to be integrated on building structures to mitigate seismic induced damage. The variable stiffness capability is of importance to structures that exhibit vertical (e.g. soft storey) irregularities and to meet different performance levels under seismic excitation. To demonstrate the utility of the proposed retrofitting technique, a four‐storey steel building is modelled in MATLAB and appropriate performance indicators are chosen. Various return period seismic hazards are generated from past earthquake event records to predict the structure's performance. The performance improvement because of the retrofitting of building structures using the variable stiffness device is presented. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simplified homology‐model builder toward highly protein‐like structures: An inspection of restraining potentials
Authors: Kim Tae‐Rae , Oh Sangho , Yang Joshua SungWoo , Lee Sanghyuk , Shin Seokmin , Lee Jinhyuk 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA homology model builder using simple restraining potentials based on spline‐interpolated quadratic functions is developed and interfaced with CHARMM package. The continuity and stability of the potential function were validated, and the parameters were optimized using the CASP7 targets. The performance of the model builder was benchmarked to the Modeller program using the template‐based modeling targets in CASP9. The benchmark results show that, while our builder yields the structures with slightly lower packing, backbone, and template modeling scores, our models show much better protein‐like scores in terms of normalized discrete optimized protein energy, dipolar distance‐scaled finite‐ideal gas reference, Molprobity clash, Ramachandran appearance Z‐score, and rotamer Z‐score. As our model builder is interfaced with CHARMM, it is advantageous to directly use other CHARMM functionality and energy functions to refine the model structures or to use the models for other computational studies using CHARMM. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of the Psychometric Properties of the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ) Among Community‐Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Marty Meghan A. , Segal Daniel L. , Coolidge Frederick L. , Klebe Kelli J. 
Published: May 2012

ObjectivesThis study evaluated the structure and validity of the use of the 18‐item Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ‐18), a measure of thwarted belongingness (TB) and perceived burdensomeness (PB), among older adults.MethodCommunity‐dwelling older adults (N = 284; mean age = 73 years; age range = 64–96 years; 56% women) anonymously completed a questionnaire packet.ResultsPrincipal axis factor analysis indicated that two factors should be retained. Items in the first factor reflected the concept of TB, whereas items in the second factor were consistent with the concept of PB. Both factors had medium‐to‐large positive correlations with hopelessness, depression, suicide ideation, and low meaning in life, providing evidence for convergent validity.ConclusionsFindings from this study support the use of the INQ‐18 among community‐dwelling older adults.
Leadership development in selected leading Thai companies
Authors: Virakul Busaya , McLean Gary N. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis research examined leadership development (LD) and leadership development programs (LDPs) in three selected Thai businesses. The research purpose was to identify and explore the features, leaders' competencies, activities and programs, key elements, and critical issues of LDP in these organizations. A case‐study approach was employed as the research method. The data were collected through company documents, questionnaires, and interviews of managers who were directly responsible for leadership development in their organization. Three levels of LDPs were commonly found among the studied companies: those organized for supervisors, managers, and executives. Leaders' competencies were derived from the companies' vision, mission, and values, business drivers, and top management judgment. Development activities included formal training, development activities, and self‐initiative undertakings. Common key elements of LDPs were support from top management, adherence to human resource development (HRD) and business strategic plans, and emphasis on coaching and mentoring. The critical issues included top management trust in employees' abilities; competence and independence of local internal staff; evaluation of LDP effectiveness; level of engagement by potential company leaders; and costs of building, executing, and evaluating LDP.
Attitudes of police managers to different leadership roles in their jobs: An empirical study in Norway
Authors: Gottschalk Petter , Glomseth Rune 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe background for this study is the increased complexity in policing that has become more knowledge‐based and more professional in the past decade. The aim of this article is to present empirical results from a study of attitudes of police managers to different leadership roles in their jobs in two police districts in Norway. A questionnaire was developed and administered among police managers in two police districts in Norway. Participants in leadership programs were selected for this survey research. The Follo police district and Hedmark police district had a total of 130 participants in these programs, with 60 managers from Follo and 70 managers from Hedmark. The research was carried out in March and April 2010. The personnel leader role was found to be most important, followed by the resource allocator role. Responding police managers reported that they felt least competent in the liaison role.
Introduction
Authors: Andenoro Anthony C. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis symposium addresses the challenge of educating global leaders through a collection of scholarly perspectives and practices that focus the development of global leadership and intercultural competency, specifically through immersive international contexts. Through this symposium, we addressed the cognitive, behavioral, and affective competencies that aspiring leaders need to be successful in global contexts. It focuses on the importance, issues, and methods of developing global competence as part of leadership education.Although this symposium is timely, global and intercultural competence is not new. Scholars of 19th‐century Europe shaped the original thoughts of global competence. Their focus was internationalization through colonial conquering, and the ultimate goal was to “learn from the West” (Baumgratz, 1995). This globalization piece did not gain much attention on an international scale. In fact, many managers in the 1960s and 1970s did not consider the international piece of business to be of much importance, often with very small specialized operational departments as the sole contributor to globalization within organizations (Morrison, 2000). However, a rapid shift of perspective occurred in the 1980s when the rise of Japanese businesses began to bring to focus the importance of global leadership.The climate of this theoretical foundation has shifted again recently as leadership educators are faced with preparing students to meet the needs of a dynamic and complicated organizational landscape. Expanding these challenges globally comprises a new level of preparedness for aspiring leaders. Globalization, and the technology that increasingly bridges countries and cultures, requires fresh paradigms and new leadership competencies (Bueno & Tubbs, 2004). Global managers will be expected to master an ever‐expanding range of knowledge and skills that will allow them to be successful in international contexts (DiStefano & Maznevski, 2003). Cultural competency development and a globalized curriculum are perhaps paramount to this charge as educators embark upon the challenging journey of providing the next generation of global leaders.The following questions provide educators with opportunities for reflection and discussion as we attempt to develop global competencies in the students we serve.