bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurrent vitreous occlusion of glaucoma drainage device tube in a patient with glaucoma in aphakia: a case report
Authors: Ang Ghee Soon , Goh Yi Wei , Azuara-Blanco Augusto 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Patients with spontaneous lens dislocation and glaucoma can be challenging to manage. We present a forty-six year old Caucasian lady who was referred with bilateral high intraocular pressure, and was subsequently diagnosed with glaucoma in association with lens dislocation and Marfan syndrome. Baerveldt glaucoma drainage device tubes were inserted in both eyes due to poor response to medical therapy. However, this was complicated by recurrent vitreous occlusion of both glaucoma drainage tubes requiring further multiple surgical interventions. There have not been any further recurrences of vitreous incarceration or posterior segment complications since, but the patient remains under close follow-up.
Survival and self-renewing capacity of breast cancer initiating cells during fractionated radiation treatment
Authors: Lagadec Chann , Vlashi Erina , Della Donna Lorenza , Meng YongHong , Dekmezian Carmen , Kim Kwanghee , Pajonk Frank 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Introduction
Recent data indicate a hierarchical organization of many solid cancers, including breast cancer, with a small number of cancer initiating cells (CICs) that have the ability to self-renew and exhibit multi-lineage potency. We, and others, have demonstrated that CICs in breast cancer and glioma are relatively resistant to ionizing radiation if compared to their non-tumorigenic counterparts. However, the extent of the remaining self-renewing capacity of CICs after fractions of radiation is currently unknown. We hypothesized that CICs, in contrast to their non-tumorigenic counterparts, not only survive fractions of ionizing radiation but also retain the CIC phenotype as defined by operational means.

Methods
We used two marker systems to identify breast CICs (CD24-/low/CD44high, or lack of proteasome activity) and performed sphere-forming assays after multiple clinical fractions of radiation. Lineage tracking was performed by membrane staining. Cell cycle distribution and RNA content were assessed by flow cytometry and senescence was assessed via β-galactosidase staining.

Results
We demonstrated that irradiated CICs survived and retained their self-renewal capacity for at least four generations. We show that fractionated radiation not only spared CICs but also mobilized them from a quiescent/G0 phase of the cell cycle into actively cycling cells, while the surviving non-tumorigenic cells were driven into senescence.

Conclusions
The breast CIC population retains increased self-renewal capacity over several generations and therefore, we conclude that increases in the number of CICs after sublethal doses of radiation have potential clinical importance. Prevention of this process may lead to improved clinical outcome.
Genome-wide analysis of the diatom cell cycle unveils a novel type of cyclins involved in environmental signaling
Authors: Huysman Marie JJ , Martens Cindy , Vandepoele Klaas , Gillard Jeroen , Rayko Edda , Heijde Marc , Bowler Chris , Inzé Dirk , Peer Yves Van de , De Veylder Lieven , Vyverman Wim 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Background
Despite the enormous importance of diatoms in aquatic ecosystems and their broad industrial potential, little is known about their life cycle control. Diatoms typically inhabit rapidly changing and unstable environments, suggesting that cell cycle regulation in diatoms must have evolved to adequately integrate various environmental signals. The recent genome sequencing of Thalassiosira pseudonana and Phaeodactylum tricornutum allows us to explore the molecular conservation of cell cycle regulation in diatoms.

Results
By profile-based annotation of cell cycle genes, counterparts of conserved as well as new regulators were identified in T. pseudonana and P. tricornutum. In particular, the cyclin gene family was found to be expanded extensively compared to that of other eukaryotes and a novel type of cyclins was discovered, the diatom-specific cyclins. We established a synchronization method for P. tricornutum that enabled assignment of the different annotated genes to specific cell cycle phase transitions. The diatom-specific cyclins are predominantly expressed at the G1-to-S transition and some respond to phosphate availability, hinting at a role in connecting cell division to environmental stimuli.

Conclusion
The discovery of highly conserved and new cell cycle regulators suggests the evolution of unique control mechanisms for diatom cell division, probably contributing to their ability to adapt and survive under highly fluctuating environmental conditions.
HIV-1 Vpr induces TLR4/MyD88-mediated IL-6 production and reactivates viral production from latency
Authors: Hoshino Shigeki , Konishi Mitsuru , Mori Masako , Shimura Mari , Nishitani Chiaki , Kuroki Yoshio , Koyanagi Yoshio , Kano Shigeyuki , Itabe Hiroyuki , Ishizaka Yukihito 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
A TLR4/MyD88 pathway was activated via oxidized phosphatidylcholine caused by Vpr of HIV-1.
Vpr, a HIV-1 accessory protein, was believed to be present in the plasma of HIV-1-positive patients, and our previous work demonstrated the presence of plasma Vpr in 20 out of 52 patients. Interestingly, our data revealed that patients’ viral titer was correlated with the level of Vpr detected in their plasma. Here, we first show that rVpr, when incubated with human monocytes or MDMs, caused viral production from latently infected cells, and IL-6 was identified as a responsible factor. The induction of IL-6 by rVpr was dependent on signaling through TLR4 and its adaptor molecule, MyD88. We next provide evidence that rVpr induced the formation of OxPC and that a mAb against OxPC blocked rVpr-induced IL-6 production with the concomitant attenuation of MAPK activation. Moreover, the addition of NAC, a scavenger of ROS, abrogated the rVpr-induced formation of OxPC, the phosphorylation of C/EBP-β, a substrate of MAPK, and IL-6 production. As rIL-6 reactivated viral replication in latently infected cells, our data indicate that rVpr-induced oxidative stress triggers cell-based innate immune responses and reactivates viral production in latently infected cells via IL-6 production. Our results suggest that Vpr should be monitored based on the viral titer, and they provide the rationale for the development of novel, anti-AIDS therapeutics targeting Vpr.
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells in HIV infection: striking a delicate balance
Authors: Fitzgerald-Bocarsly Patricia , Jacobs Evan S 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Review of the plasmacytoid dendritic cells and their potential for beneficial or detrimental roles in HIV-1 infection.
pDC are the most potent IFN-α-producing cells in the body and serve as a vital link between innate and adaptive immunity. Deficiencies in pDC function were among the earliest observations of immune dysfunction in HIV-1 infection. Herein, we review the status of pDC in individuals with HIV-1 infection and the potential role of these cells in pathogenesis. We begin by reviewing the basic properties of pDC and then discuss the compromise in circulating pDC numbers and function in early and viremic HIV-1 infection and mechanisms that might account for their depletion in HIV-infected patients. In addition, we review the evidence that chronic production of IFN-α, probably through the chronic activation of pDC, is central to the immune activation that is so detrimental in HIV infection. Finally, we discuss the importance of balance in pDC numbers and function and the potential value of using absolute pDC counts and function as a biomarker, along with CD4+ cell counts and VL in HIV-1-infected patients.
Ragnar Frisch's Conception of Econometrics
Authors: Bjerkholt Olav , Dupont Ariane 
Published: February 2010

Ragnar Frisch is well known for his contribution to econometrics as a new discipline in the 1930s and for his role in founding of the Econometric Society and as editor of Econometrica. Despite his active role within the econometrics community, it may be argued that his overall conception of econometrics is insufficiently conveyed in the history of economics literature. This essay aims at illuminating key features of Frisch's scientific conception, drawing partly on unpublished works unearthed from his archives. Among these are a series of eight lectures on the theory and methods of econometrics given by Frisch at the Poincaré Institute at the University of Paris in 1933, as well as extensive lecture notes from Yale University in 1930.These largely unknown documents elaborate on Frisch's scientific views, how he aimed at modeling economics on physics by transferring methodological principles, and on the methods he proposed for economics, such as his axiomatization approach, his structural modeling approach, which became a cornerstone for macroeconomics, his refined explication of concepts such as static/dynamic, micro/macro, and equilibrium, and his concern with the probabilistic nature of the real economic world. One can discern in these documents also that an essential part of Frisch's concept of econometrics as a science was its instrumental role in policy preparation for welfare and improvement of human conditions.
Hydrophosphination of Propargylic Ethers with Diphenylphosphine in the Presence of LiHMDS, N-Heterocyclic Carbene, and Ti(NMe2)4
Authors: Sakae Ryosuke , Yamamoto Yuta , Komeyama Kimihiro , Takaki Ken 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Regio- and stereoselective hydrophosphination of propargylic ethers with diphenylphosphine has been achieved using three-component catalyst, LiN(SiMe3)2/1,3-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene/Ti(NMe2)4 (10 mol % of each).
Preparation of CpG ODN-encapsulated Anionic Poly(amino acid) Nanoparticles for Gene Delivery
Authors: Kim Hyungjin , Akagi Takami , Akashi Mitsuru 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
A novel method for preparation of CpG ODN-encapsulated anionic poly(amino acid) nanoparticles (NPs) was developed for gene delivery purposes. CpG ODN was successfully encapsulated into the NPs using self-assembly of amphiphilic poly(amino acid), and the amount of encapsulated CpG ODN was dependent on the complex ratio of CpG ODN and polycation. The DNA-encapsulated anionic NPs may be useful as a gene delivery and DNA vaccine system with low toxicity.
Pilot quality assurance programme for plasma metanephrines
Authors: Pillai Dilo , Callen Shaw 
Published: February 2010

Background Up to 2007 there was no formal external quality assurance programme for plasma free metanephrines. A pilot programme was conceived by the AACB (Australian Association of Clinical Biochemists) Working Party on biogenic amines. With support from the AACB and Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia Quality Assurance programmes, a pilot study was developed. Data from this study are presented for the first time. Methods Twelve lyophilized plasma samples were distributed to 15 centres. Samples were spiked with metanephrine (metadrenaline), normetanephrine (normetadrenaline) and 3-methoxytyramine, all derived from human urine. Concentrations were arranged in a linear relationship. The analytes were present at six levels and samples were duplicated. Results High-pressure liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry methods showed acceptable precision but in general enzyme immunoassay displayed a higher degree of imprecision as well as a negative bias. Conclusions Differences in calibration and matrix effects are likely to have been responsible for the discrepancy between chromatographic and immunoassay methods. These differences need to be further examined although efforts at standardization between different methods have been hampered by the lack of a universal calibrator for plasma metanephrines. Meanwhile, a laboratory's performance characteristics can be monitored and enhanced by participation in suitable external quality assurance programmes.
Twins Switched at Birth: A Case from the Canary Islands / Research Reviews: Twin Study of Materialism; Twins and Clones; / In the News: ART and Premature Twins; A Pair of College Presidents; Twins in Real Estate; Tribute to a Twin
Authors: Segal Nancy L. , Blandón-Gitlin Iris 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMonozygotic (MZ) twins switched at birth represent a rare class of twins who are reared apart and reunited (MZA). Background data and descriptive findings from a case study of such a pair, born thirty-six years ago in the Canary Islands, are presented. The next section reviews a twin study of materialism and an essay addressing relations between MZ twinning and human reproductive cloning. This article concludes with summaries of several newsworthy, twin-related items. They include the multiple birth consequences of artificial reproductive technology, the friendly rivalry between identical twin college presidents, a joint venture in real estate and a tribute to a deceased twin.
Phenotypic and Genetic Relations Between the HEXACO Dimensions and Trait Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Veselka Livia , Petrides K. V. , Schermer Julie Aitken , Cherkas Lynn F. , Spector Tim D. , Vernon Philip A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe present study investigated the location of trait emotional intelligence (trait EI or trait emotional self-efficacy) within the context of the HEXACO model — a more comprehensive personality framework than the conventional Big Five structure. A total of 666 MZ and 526 DZ adult twin pairs from the United Kingdom completed the short form of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue-SF) and the short form of the HEXACO Personality Inventory (HEXACO-60). Many significant phenotypic correlations between the TEIQue-SF and the HEXACO-60 were obtained, which were strongest for HEXACO Extraversion, and weakest for HEXACO Honesty–Humility. As was expected, Emotionality was the only HEXACO dimension to correlate negatively with TEIQue-SF scores. Bivariate behavioral genetic analyses revealed that all phenotypic correlations were attributable to common genetic and common nonshared environmental factors. The study confirms the validity of trait EI as a constellation of emotional self-perceptions located at the lower levels of personality.
Promoting and Avoiding Recombination: Contrasting Activities of the Escherichia coli RuvABC Holliday Junction Resolvase and RecG DNA Translocase
Authors: Zhang Jing , Mahdi Akeel A , Briggs Geoffrey S , Lloyd Robert G 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
RuvABC and RecG are thought to provide alternative pathways for the late stages of recombination in Escherichia coli. Inactivation of both blocks the recovery of recombinants in genetic crosses. RuvABC resolves Holliday junctions, with RuvAB driving branch migration and RuvC catalyzing junction cleavage. RecG also drives branch migration, but no nuclease has been identified that might act with RecG to cleave junctions, apart from RusA, which is not normally expressed. We searched for an alternative nuclease using a synthetic lethality assay to screen for mutations causing inviability in the absence of RuvC, on the premise that a strain without any ability to cut junctions might be inviable. All the mutations identified mapped to polA, dam, or uvrD. None of these genes encodes a nuclease that cleaves Holliday junctions. Probing the reason for the inviability using the RusA Holliday junction resolvase provided strong evidence in each case that the RecG pathway is very ineffective at removing junctions and indicated that a nuclease component most probably does not exist. It also revealed new suppressors of recG, which were located to the ssb gene. Taken together with the results from the synthetic lethality assays, the properties of the mutant SSB proteins provide evidence that, rather than promoting recombination, a major function of RecG is to curb potentially pathological replication initiated via PriA protein at sites remote from oriC.
Impact of Labor on Outcomes in Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn: Population-Based Study
Authors: Tutdibi Erol , Gries Katharina , Bücheler Monika , Misselwitz Bjorn , Schlosser Rolf L. , Gortner Ludwig 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE:
Our aim was to assess the effect of labor on the risk and course of transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) in term neonates from a contemporary, population-based cohort.

METHODS:
We analyzed perinatal characteristics of term singleton newborns (gestational age [GA] of ≥37 completed weeks) who were born between January 2001 and December 2005 in the federal states of Hesse and Saarland (Germany). TTN was diagnosed on the basis of International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes.

RESULTS:
Of a total of 275 459 births, 239 971 fulfilled the inclusion criteria of GA of ≥37 completed weeks and singleton live birth. Among those, 13 346 term infants were admitted for neonatal care and 1423 were diagnosed as having TTN. The overall incidence of TTN was 5.9 cases per 1000 singleton live births in our study cohort. Elective cesarean section, low GA, male gender, and low birth weight were associated with TTN. The duration of oxygen supplementation for newborns with TTN was associated inversely with the duration of labor (r = −0.151; P = .028).

CONCLUSIONS:
Our study indicates that TTN is strongly related to elective cesarean section and low GA. Furthermore, the absence of exposure to labor contractions is associated with increased risk and severe course of TTN at term, with longer duration of oxygen supplementation.
Importance of Colonization Site in the Current Epidemic of Staphylococcal Skin Abscesses
Authors: Faden Howard , Lesse Alan J. , Trask Jennifer , Hill January A. , Hess Donavon J. , Dryja Diane , Lee Yi-Horng 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE:
The goal was to compare rectal and nasal Staphylococcus aureus colonization rates and S aureus pulsed-field types (PFTs) for children with S aureus skin and soft-tissue abscesses and normal control subjects.

METHODS:
Sixty consecutive children with S aureus skin and soft-tissue abscesses that required surgical drainage and 90 control subjects were enrolled. Cultures of the nares and rectum were taken in both groups. S aureus isolates from all sites were characterized through multiple-locus, variable-number, tandem-repeat analysis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec typing for methicillin-resistant S aureus isolates, and determination of the presence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes.

RESULTS:
S aureus was detected significantly more often in the rectum of children with abscesses (47%) compared with those in the control group (1%; P = .0001). Rates of nasal colonization with S aureus were equivalent for children with abscesses (27%) and control subjects (20%; P = .33). S aureus recovered from the rectum was identical to S aureus in the abscess in 88% of cases, compared with 75% of nasal isolates. PFT USA300, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type IV, and Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes were significantly increased in the S aureus isolates from children with abscesses compared with those from control subjects.

CONCLUSIONS:
Skin and soft-tissue abscesses in the current epidemic of community-associated staphylococcal disease are strongly associated with rectal colonization by PFT USA300. Nasal colonization in children does not seem to be a risk factor.
Team Training in the Neonatal Resuscitation Program for Interns: Teamwork and Quality of Resuscitations
Authors: Thomas Eric J. , Williams Amber L. , Reichman Eric F. , Lasky Robert E. , Crandell Sharon , Taggart William R. 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE:
Poor communication and teamwork may contribute to errors during neonatal resuscitation. Our objective was to evaluate whether interns who received a 2-hour teamwork training intervention with the Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) demonstrated more teamwork and higher quality resuscitations than control subjects.

METHODS:
Participants were noncertified 2007 and 2008 incoming interns for pediatrics, combined pediatrics and internal medicine, family medicine, emergency medicine, and obstetrics and gynecology (n = 98). Pediatrics and combined pediatrics/internal medicine interns were eligible for 6-month follow-up (n = 34). A randomized trial was conducted in which half of the participants in the team training arm practiced NRP skills by using high-fidelity simulators; the remaining practiced with low-fidelity simulators, as did control subjects. Blinded, trained observers viewed video recordings of high-fidelity–simulated resuscitations for teamwork and resuscitation quality.

RESULTS:
High-fidelity training (HFT) group had higher teamwork frequency than did control subjects (12.8 vs 9.0 behaviors per minute; P &lt; .001). Intervention groups maintained more workload management (control subjects: 89.3%; low-fidelity training [LFT] group: 98.0% [P &lt; .001]; HFT group: 98.8%; HFT group versus control subjects [P &lt; .001]) and completed resuscitations faster (control subjects: 10.6 minutes; LFT group: 8.6 minutes [P = .040]; HFT group: 7.4 minutes; HFT group versus control subjects [P &lt; .001]). Overall, intervention teams completed the resuscitation an average of 2.6 minutes faster than did control subjects, a time reduction of 24% (95% confidence interval: 12%–37%). Intervention groups demonstrated more frequent teamwork during 6-month follow-up resuscitations (11.8 vs 10.0 behaviors per minute; P = .030).

CONCLUSIONS:
Trained participants exhibited more frequent teamwork behaviors (especially the HFT group) and better workload management and completed the resuscitation more quickly than did control subjects. The impact on team behaviors persisted for at least 6 months. Incorporating team training into the NRP curriculum is a feasible and effective way to teach interns teamwork skills. It also improves simulated resuscitation quality by shortening the duration.
Attitudes and Practices of Cardiologists and Surgeons Who Manage HLHS
Authors: Prsa Milan , Holly Crystal D. , Carnevale Franco A. , Justino Henri , Rohlicek Charles V. 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE:We conducted a survey to determine which management options pediatric cardiologists and cardiac surgeons in North America discuss and recommend when counseling parents after the diagnosis of hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS).METHODS:Pediatric cardiologists and cardiac surgeons across North America were asked to complete an anonymous, Internet-based survey about their attitudes and practices regarding the management of HLHS.RESULTS:We contacted 1621 pediatric cardiologists and surgeons, of whom 749 (46%) completed the survey. When counseling parents of newborns with HLHS, 99.7% of respondents discussed staged palliative surgery, 67% discussed cardiac transplantation, and 62.2% discussed compassionate care without surgery. Only a minority (14.9%) discussed all of those options. Staged palliative surgery was recommended over cardiac transplantation or compassionate care without surgery by 76.2% of respondents. When counseling parents after prenatal diagnosis of HLHS, 98.8% of respondents discussed continuation of pregnancy with staged palliative surgery after birth, 53.5% discussed continuation of pregnancy with cardiac transplantation after birth, 56.9% discussed continuation of pregnancy with compassionate care after birth, and 74.3% discussed termination of pregnancy. Only 36.5% discussed all of those options. Continuation of pregnancy with staged palliative surgery after birth was recommended over the other options by 56% of respondents.CONCLUSIONS:Virtually all North American pediatric cardiologists and cardiac surgeons surveyed discuss a surgical intervention when counseling parents about the care of their child or fetus with HLHS. However, only a minority discuss all options. Most physicians recommend staged palliative surgery for management of HLHS.