bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical investigations of magnetic properties of ferromagnetic single‐layered nanobelts
Authors: Mi Bin‐Zhou , Wang Huai‐Yu , Zhou Yun‐Song 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe magnetic properties of ferromagnetic (FM) single‐layered nanobelts are investigated if there exists a single‐ion anisotropy. The magnetic quantities as functions of belt width and temperature are calculated. The spontaneous magnetization, area of the hysteresis loop, and energy level extension increase with belt width, and decrease with temperature. The Curie temperature increases with belt width. The energy spectra are calculated. When the belt width is fixed, a higher temperature leads to lower energy spectra. The spin‐wave energy, as well as the energy level extension, drops with temperature rising, and becomes zero as the temperature reaches the Curie temperature. The results are compared with those of FM single‐walled nanotubes. The Curie point TC of a nanobelt is always smaller than that of a nanotube, when the width of the former and the perimeter of the latter are equal, and the reason is analyzed.
Stress‐enhanced dislocation density reduction in multicrystalline silicon
Authors: Bertoni M. I. , Powell D. M. , Vogl M. L. , Castellanos S. , Fecych A. , Buonassisi T. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractStress is generally perceived to be detrimental for multicrystalline silicon (mc‐Si), leading to dislocation multiplication during crystal growth and processing. Herein, we evaluate the role of stress as a driving force for dislocation density reduction in mc‐Si. At high temperatures, close to the melting point (>0.8Tm), we observe that the application of stress as well as the relief of residual stress, can modify the density of pre‐existing dislocations in as‐grown mc‐Si under certain conditions, leading to a net local reduction of dislocation density. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Genetic evaluation of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums Matschie's tree Kangaroo (Dendrolagus matschiei) captive breeding program
Authors: McGreevy Thomas J. , Dabek Lisa , Husband Thomas P. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMatschie's tree kangaroo (Dendrolagus matschiei) is an endangered species that has been bred in captivity since the 1970s. In 1992, the Tree Kangaroo Species Survival Plan® (TKSSP) was established to coordinate the captive management of Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) D. matschiei. The TKSSP makes annual breeding recommendations primarily based on the mean kinship (MK) strategy. Captive breeding programs often use the MK strategy to preserve genetic diversity in small populations—to avoid the negative consequences of inbreeding and retain their adaptive potential. The ability of a captive breeding program to retain the population's genetic diversity over time can be evaluated by comparing the genetic diversity of the captive population to wild populations. We analyzed DNA extracted from blood and fecal samples from AZA (n = 71), captive (n = 28), and wild (n = 22) D. matschiei using eight microsatellite markers and sequenced the partial mitochondrial DNA control region gene. AZA D. matschiei had a similar expected heterozygosity (He = 0.595±0.184) compared with wild D. matschiei (He = 0.628±0.143), but they had different allelic frequencies (FST = 0.126; P<0.001). AZA D. matschiei haplotype diversity was almost two times lower than wild D. matschiei (). These data will assist management of AZA D. matschiei and serve as a baseline for AZA and wild D. matschiei genetic diversity values that could be used to monitor future changes in their genetic diversity. Zoo Biol 30:636–646, 2011. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Case–control Study of Single‐Incision Versus Standard Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Chang Stephen Kin Yong , Tay Chee Wei , Bicol Ralph Allan , Lee Yang Yang , Madhavan Krishnakumar 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundSingle‐incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SILC) has been increasingly performed recently. Although it seems plausible that SILC will be associated with less pain compared to standard 4‐port laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), there is currently no conclusive comparative study on the postoperative pain issues of SILC against LC.MethodsIn this retrospective, case–control study, 30 patients who had SILC over a 6‐month period were compared with a matched (sex, age group, race) group of 30 patients who underwent LC. Verbal pain score (VPS) on postoperative days (POD) 1, 2, 3, and 5; pain sites; analgesic requirement; and number of days (NoD) required to return to normal activities were compared.ResultsThere were 4 (13%) acute cholecystitis cases in each group. Average VPS on POD 1, 2, 3, and 5 of SILC and (LC) cholecystectomy patients were 4.53 (5.14) (P = 0.09), 3.43 (3.83) (P = 0.36), 2.07 (2.52) (P = 0.25), and 1.13 (1.24) (P = 0.69), respectively. In the SILC group, 26 patients (87%) had umbilical pain, whereas in the LC group, 25 patients (83%) had similar symptoms. Epigastric pain was experienced by 5 patients in the two groups, and RHC pain was experienced by 1 patient in the SILC group (3%) and 2 patients in the LC group (7%). The SILC and the LC patients required 4.00 and 4.90 days (P = 0.09) of paracetamol, respectively, to control pain. The NoD required before return to normal activity in the SILC and LC groups was 5.97 days and 7.79 days (P = 0.008), respectively.ConclusionsThere was no statistically significant difference in postoperative pain, pain site and analgesia requirement; however, patients who underwent SILC returned to their normal activity 1.8 days earlier than the LC patients. Larger RCTs are needed to compare postoperative outcomes between SILC and LC.
Effect of chronic exposure to cellular telephone electromagnetic fields on hearing in rats
Authors: Kayabasoglu G , Sezen O S , Eraslan G , Aydin E , Coskuner T , Unver S 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjective:To study the effects of the electromagnetic field emitted by cellular telephones upon the inner ear of rats, using distortion product otoacoustic emissions.Methods:Forty Wistar Albino rats were used. Twenty newborn and 20 adult rats were divided into two groups of 10, one to participate in the study and one as a control. The rats were exposed to the electromagnetic field for 6 hours per day, for 30 consecutive days. Before and after the 30 day exposure period, distortion product otoacoustic emissions were measured in each group and a signal-to-noise ratio calculated, which was later used in statistical analysis.Results:For both the newborn and adult rat groups, there was no significant difference in distortion product otoacoustic emissions recorded before and after exposure to the cellular telephone electromagnetic field (p > 0.05).Conclusion:Exposure to the electromagnetic field emitted by cellular telephones, for 6 hours a day for 30 consecutive days, had no effect on the hearing of newborn or adult rats, at the outer ear, middle ear or cochlear level.
How reliable is visual assessment of the electrically elicited stapedius reflex threshold during cochlear implant surgery, compared with tympanometry?
Authors: Pau H W , Ehrt K , Just T , Sievert U , Dahl R 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectives:To assess the reliability of visually assessed thresholds of the electrically elicited stapedius reflex, recorded during cochlear implant surgery, compared with intra-operative tympanometric threshold assessment. Intra-operatively recorded electrically elicited stapedius reflex thresholds vary considerably, and differ from those measured post-operatively by means of impedance changes (i.e. using tympanometry). Thus, any confounding effect of different intra-operative techniques and visual assessment inaccuracies should be excluded.Methods:Both techniques (i.e. visual observation and tympanometry) were performed intra-operatively in six patients, and threshold values were compared.Results:Recorded electrically elicited stapedius reflex thresholds were very similar for both techniques. Visually assessed thresholds were slightly higher in some cases and lower in others, compared with tympanometric thresholds.Discussion:There was almost no difference between reflex thresholds measured with the two different techniques under the same intra-operative conditions. Therefore, we conclude that differences between intra- and post-operative thresholds are not due to the use of different measuring techniques. The main reason for such differences is probably the influence of intra-operative narcotics on reflex thresholds.
The Development of British Commercial and Political Networks in the Straits Settlements 1800 to 1868: The Rise of a Colonial and Regional Economic Identity?
Authors: WEBSTER ANTHONY 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper examines the growth of the British commercial communities in the Straits Settlements in the first half of the nineteenth century. It describes how they emerged as a coherent commercial and political interest group, separate from the Indian empire, with their own network of allies and commercial partners in Britain. As such, the Straits merchants emerged as a significant political lobby in their own right. It contends that in the process, they revived earlier notions of Southeast Asia as a discrete geographical region, in which political and ethnic diversity was bridged by the flourishing of maritime commercial networks.
REFASHIONING PURITAN NEW ENGLAND: THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND IN BRITISH NORTH AMERICA,c. 1680–c. 1770
Authors: Gregory Jeremy 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThe position of the Church of England in colonial New England has usually been seen through the lens of the ‘bishop controversy’ of the 1760s and early 1770s, where Congregational fears of the introduction of a Laudian style bishop to British North America have been viewed as one of the key factors leading to the American Revolution. By contrast, this paper explores some of the successes enjoyed by the Church of England in New England, particularly in the period from the 1730s to the early 1760s, and examines some of the reasons for the Church's growth in these years. It argues that in some respects the Church in New England was in fact becoming rather more popular, more indigenous and more integrated into New England life than both eighteenth-century Congregationalists or modern historians have wanted to believe, and that the Church was making headway both in the Puritan heartlands, and in the newer centres of population growth. Up until the early 1760s, the progress of the Church of England in New England was beginning to look like a success story rather than one with in-built failure.
Urbanism, Militarism, and Architectural Design: An Analysis of Epidassic sociopolitical structure at Xochicalco
Authors: Hirth Kenneth G. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe form and organization of urban architecture is examined at the central Mexico site of Xochicalco to reconstruct aspects of both its internal community structure and regional political organization during the Epiclassic period (A.D. 700-900). Analysis of the site's defensive architecture provides unique information about the city's internal design. Dry moats, walled roads, and steep terrace facades subdivide the community into a series of population segments that on the basis of both size and architecture type resemble ward divisions found in central Mexico cities at the time of Conquest. Furthermore, Xochicalco does not have a single defensive perimeter characteristic of a strongly centralized polity; instead, it possesses a series of defensive precincts located on the hills and ridges adjacent to Cerro Xochicalco that are equivalent in form and redundant in function. The model that best approximates the segmentary nature of this structure is that of a regional confederacy dominated by Xochicalco during the Epiclassic.
‘Where Two are to Become One’: Mysticism and Monism
Authors: Jantzen Grace 
Published: November 2010

(1) If you would know God, you must not merely belikethe Son, you mustbethe Son yourself.With these words Meister Eckhart encapsulates the aim of Christian mysticism as he understood it: to know God, and to know God in such a way that the knower is not merelylikeChrist but actuallybecomesChrist, taken into the Trinity itself. Eckhart speaks frequently of this in his sermons.
New Editors, Editorial Advisory Board for Eos
Authors: Richman Barbara T. 
Published: November 2010

Eos has two new editors and, with this issue, a revitalized Editorial Advisory Board.Christina M. S. Cohen, of the California Institute of Technology, is the new editor for space sciences. She succeeds Manuel Grande, who had served since 2006. Carol A. Stein, of the University of Illinois at Chicago, is the new editor for solid Earth. She succeeds John W. Geissman, who has been solid Earth editor since 2001; he will continue through the end of 2010.
Linguistic Complexity, Speech Production, and Comprehension in Parkinson’s Disease: Behavioral and Physiological Indices
Authors: Walsh Bridget , Smith Anne 
Published: November 2010

PurposeTo investigate the effects of increased syntactic complexity and utterance length demands on speech production and comprehension in individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) using behavioral and physiological measures.MethodSpeech response latency, interarticulatory coordinative consistency, accuracy of speech production, and response latency and accuracy on a receptive language task were analyzed in 16 individuals with PD and 16 matched control participants.ResultsIndividuals with PD had higher oral motor coordination variability, took a longer time to initiate speech, and made more errors on the speaking task compared with the control group. They also received lower scores on the 2 complex conditions of the receptive language task. Increased length and syntactic complexity negatively affected performance in both groups of speakers.ConclusionsThese findings provide a novel window into the speech deficits associated with PD by examining performance on longer, sentence-level utterances in contrast to earlier investigations of single-word or nonword productions. Speech motor control processes and language comprehension were adversely affected in the majority of our participants with mild to moderate PD compared to the control group. Finally, increased syntactic complexity and sentence length affected both the healthy aging and PD groups' speech production performance at the behavioral and kinematic levels.
Survival after prostate brachytherapy in patients aged 60 years and younger
Authors: Hinnen Karel A. , Roeloffzen Ellen M. A. , Battermann Jan J. , Van Moorselaar R. Jeroen A. , van Roermund Joep G.H. , van Vulpen Marco 
Published: November 2010

Study Type – Aetiology (prospective cohort)Level of Evidence 2BOBJECTIVE• To compare survival after prostate brachytherapy in patients aged ≤60 years with patients aged >60 years.patientS AND METHODS• We analysed 419 locally confined prostate cancer patients, treated between 1989 and 2001 with I‐125 implantation monotherapy.• Endpoints were biochemical failure (BF) according to the +2 ng/mL definition, disease‐specific and overall survival.• Patients were subdivided into age ≤60 years and age >60 years.• Cox proportional‐hazards regression analyses were performed to study the independent effect of age on BF and disease‐specific survival.RESULTS• The younger cohort consisted of 87 patients (21%), with smaller prostate volumes and a lower average prostate cancer risk class than the older cohort, consisting of 332 patients (79%). Mean follow‐up was 9.1 years (±sd 2.8) for the younger cohort and 8.3 years (±sd 2.9) for the older cohort.• The 10‐year (95% CI) freedom from BF, disease‐specific survival and overall survival rates were 63% (51–75), 87% (78–96) and 81% (69–89), respectively, for the younger cohort and 46% (39–54), 83% (78–89) and 60% (54–66), respectively, for the older patient cohort.• Although a trend for better freedom from BF and disease‐specific survival was observed in younger patients, the difference proved not clinically significant.CONCLUSION• Prostate cancer risk group and the year of treatment relate to outcome, but not age. With respect to prostate cancer curability, there seems no objection to offer brachytherapy to patients aged 60 years and younger.
Intrathecal orexin A increases sympathetic outflow and respiratory drive, enhances baroreflex sensitivity and blocks the somato‐sympathetic reflex
Authors: Shahid IZ , Rahman AA , Pilowsky PM 
Published: November 2010

BACKGROUND Intrathecal (i.t.) injection of orexin A (OX‐A) increases blood pressure and heart rate (HR), but the effects of OX‐A on sympathetic and phrenic, nerve activity, and the baroreflex(es), somato‐sympathetic and hypoxic chemoreflex(es) are unknown.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Urethane‐anaesthetized, vagotomized and artificially ventilated male Sprague‐Dawley rats were examined in this study. The effects of i.t. OX‐A (20 nmol 10 µL−1) on cardiorespiratory parameters, and responses to stimulation of the sciatic nerve (electrical), arterial baroreceptors (phenylephrine hydrochloride, 0.01 mg kg−1 i.v.) and peripheral (hypoxia) chemoreceptors were also investigated.KEY RESULTS i.t. OX‐A caused a prolonged dose‐dependent sympathoexcitation, pressor response and tachycardia. The peak effect was observed at 20 nmol with increases in mean arterial pressure, HR and splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity (sSNA) of 32 mmHg, 52 beats per minute and 100% from baseline respectively. OX‐A also dose‐dependently increased respiratory drive, as indicated by a rise in phrenic nerve amplitude and a fall in phrenic nerve frequency, an increase in neural minute ventilation, a lengthening of the expiratory period, and a shortening of the inspiratory period. All effects of OX‐A (20 nmol) were attenuated by the orexin receptor 1 antagonist SB 334867. OX‐A significantly reduced both sympathoexcitatory peaks of somato‐sympathetic reflex while increasing baroreflex sensitivity. OX‐A increased the amplitude of the pressor response and markedly amplified the effect of hypoxia on sSNA.CONCLUSIONS Thus, activation of OX receptors in rat spinal cord alters cardiorespiratory function and differentially modulates sympathetic reflexes.
Semaphorin 3A inhibits growth of adult sympathetic and parasympathetic neurones via distinct cyclic nucleotide signalling pathways
Authors: Nangle MR , Keast JR 
Published: November 2010

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) is an important secreted repulsive guidance factor for many developing neurones. Sema3A continues to be expressed in adulthood, and expression of its receptor, neuropilin‐1 (Nrp‐1), can be altered by nerve injury. Autonomic neurones innervating the pelvic viscera are particularly susceptible to damage during pelvic surgical procedures, and failure to regenerate or aberrant growth of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves lead to organ dysfunction. However, it is not known if adult pelvic neurones are potential targets for Sema3A.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of Sema3A and activation or inhibition of cyclic nucleotide signalling were assessed in adult rat pelvic ganglion neurones in culture using a growth cone collapse assay.KEY RESULTS Sema3A caused growth cone collapse in both parasympathetic and sympathetic neurones expressing Nrp‐1. However, the effect of Sema3A was mediated by distinct cyclic nucleotide signalling pathways in each neurone type. In parasympathetic neurones, cAMP and downstream activation of protein kinase A were required for growth cone collapse. In sympathetic neurones, cGMP was required for Sema3A‐induced collapse; cAMP can also cause collapse but was not required. Sema3A‐mediated, cGMP‐dependent collapse in sympathetic neurones may require activation of cyclic nucleotide‐gated ion channels (CNGCs).CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We propose that Sema3A is an important guidance factor for adult pelvic autonomic neurones, and that manipulation of their distinct signalling mechanisms could potentially promote functional selective regeneration or attenuate aberrant growth. To our knowledge, this is also the first study to implicate CNGCs in regulating growth cone dynamics of adult neurones.
Pregabalin effect on steady‐state pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine, lamotrigine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, topiramate, valproate, and tiagabine
Authors: Bockbrader Howard N. , Burger Paula , Knapp Lloyd 
Published: November 2010

SummaryBy reducing neuronal excitability through selective binding to the α2δ subunit of voltage‐dependent calcium channels, pregabalin effectively treats epilepsy, chronic pain, and anxiety disorders. To evaluate if pregabalin coadministration affects pharmacokinetics of other antiepileptic drugs, population pharmacokinetic analyses using NONMEM software were performed on data from three epilepsy trials involving seven antiepileptic drugs with pregabalin as add‐on therapy. Results demonstrated that pregabalin did not alter the steady‐state plasma concentrations of carbamazepine, lamotrigine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, tiagabine, topiramate, and valproate. Furthermore, the small percent change in the population estimate of antiepileptic drug plasma clearance values (−2% to +7%) suggests that pregabalin coadministration exerted no significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of these antiepileptic drugs, with the possible exception of tiagabine (+34.9%). These findings are in agreement with those of previously published reports. A further clarification study is necessary for tiagabine. In conclusion, it appears that pregabalin can be coadministered with other antiepileptic drugs without concern for significantly altering their pharmacokinetic profiles.
Effects of Bilateral Arytenoid Cartilage Stenting on Canine Laryngeal ResistanceEx Vivo
Authors: Cabano Nicholas R. , Greenberg Marc J. , Bureau Stephane , Monnet Eric 
Published: November 2010

Objective:To evaluate the effect of Nitinol stents for bilateral arytenoid lateralization on canine laryngeal resistance.Study Design:Ex vivoexperimental study.Animals:Canine cadaver larynges (n=7).Methods:Laryngeal resistance was calculated in all specimens with the epiglottis in open and closed positions. Bilateral arytenoid stenting was performed, rima glottidis width measured, and laryngeal resistance calculated. The effects of stenting on laryngeal resistance were evaluated by repeated measures ANOVA.Results:Calculated laryngeal resistance in the 3 stented groups, 2 cm (0.034±0.059 cmH2O/L/s), 3 cm (0.034±0.059 cmH2O/L/s), and 4 cm (0.034±0.059 cm H2O/L/s), was significantly decreased versus the control (unstented) group (0.947±0.624 cmH2O/L/s;P=.0098) with an epiglottis in the normal position. Calculated laryngeal resistance in the 3 stented groups, 2 cm (43.407±17.348 cm H2O/L/s), 3 cm (70.659±34.705 cmH2O/L/s), and 4 cm (92.637±44.509 cm H2O/L/s), was significantly increased versus the control (unstented) group (29.561±14.499 cm H2O/L/s) (P=.0185) with an epiglottis in the closed position. The width of the rima glottidis correlated with the size of the stent (r=0.95,P<.001).Conclusions:Bilateral arytenoid stenting significantly reduced calculated laryngeal resistance with an open epiglottis. Stenting resulted in a significant increase in laryngeal resistance versus the control with a closed epiglottis. Use of bilateral arytenoid stenting in clinical cases of laryngeal paralysis may provide an adequate decrease in open‐epiglottis airway resistance to alleviate clinical signs, while increasing closed‐epiglottis airway resistance. This could potentially lead to a decrease in the risk of postoperative aspiration pneumonia.