bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multidisciplinary Assessment of Learning Problems ‐ School Nurse's Role
Authors: Brown Elizabeth 
Published: October 2009

Clark, 7 years old, had multiple school problems, but these didn't seem to be explained by his bilateral neurosensory hearing loss. Though seemingly bright, preferential seating and the help of an itinerant teacher for the Aurally Handicapped were not enough to meet the needs of this child. Other factors were poor coordination, frequent tardiness and disruptive behavior. A medical evaluation which utilized a whole child approach was initiated by the school nurse. Unilateral aural amplification was found to help Clark's distractibility and inattentiveness. An occupational therapist's assessment of his coordination led to the development of an individual sensory integration treatment program. A recommendation for parent and child counseling was also made.Sharon, 11 years old, was progressing poorly as a transfer student into an Educationally Handicapped tutorial program. A review of available information revealed an incomplete multidisciplinary evaluation with no pertinent medical investigation ever being done. Her history and behavior suggested possible central nervous system injury. There were also indications of need for an indepth study of her language development. The follow‐up activities started by the school nurse led not only to the school better meeting Sharon's educational needs, but also to the parent's request for a similar medical evaluation of a younger sibling. The latter child had repeated a grade, but her slow progress was yet to be of major concern for the involved teacher. This younger (6 year old) sibling's evaluation resulted in early special education assistance.Tony, 5 years old, concerned his kindergarten teacher who wanted help in planning to meet his needs. Neither retention nor promotion by themselves presented problems. His situation was complicated by glaring gaps in readiness for academic activities, a confusing home situation and unrealistic parental expectations. A detailed health and developmental assessment by the school nurse facilitated parental cooperation with an educational evaluation. It also made available to the mother an objective, medically oriented community resource where she could discuss differences with the teacher. A basis was thus established for constructive planning.
Assessing Potential Predisposition of Elementary School Children to Heart Disease
Authors: Crow Thomas A. , Brown Ric , Hubbard E. Janese , Copeland Lee R. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTPhysical well‐being has been designated a top priority for the children in the Clovis (California) Unified School District. In an effort to diminish coronary risk factors and encourage a healthy life style, a health assessment battery was developed for students in grades 1 through 6. The battery included measurements in height, weight, blood pressure, sit and reach flexibility, and skin‐fold test for body fat composition. More than 5000 students were administered the tests by a health assessment team consisting of two nurses, three physical education resource teachers, and two clerical staff members. A random sample of 100 males and 100 females at each grade level was utilized for the statistical analysis. The correlation between body fat and weight was .80 (p v .05) in the fifth and sixth grades. Body fat was positively correlated with both systolic and diastolic measures of blood pressure. The coefficient averaged .21 (p v .05) over the 6 grades for systolic and .22 (p .05) over the 6 grades for diastolic blood pressure. Future plans call for the development of a longitudinal profile of students, as well as establishing district norms for the test battery.
Are Physicians Educable?
Authors: Chilton Lance A. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThird‐year medical students on their pediatric rotation at the University of New Mexico (UNM) are assigned to spend two mornings with school nurses at the students' choice of schools. Each student is given a list of goals and questions relating to those goals to guide his/her experience. Following the two sessions, each student answers a questionnaire testing understanding of aspects of the school nurse's work and interrelationships between school nurses and physicians. Of the first 67 students responding to the questionnaire, 66 found the program valuable and worthy of continuation. The medical students' understanding of the capabilities and limitations of the nurses whose work they observed appeared excellent. Two‐thirds of the students perceive poor communication with physicians as a major frustration for the nurses. Their appreciation of this need, plus their ability to recognize the many capabilities of school nurses, should result in better interaction between the two professions.
Recidivism and Drug Use Among School‐age Children
Authors: Cappel Lawrence W. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper is the result of an investigation of recidivism rates among teenaged children who completed a program designed to improve communication between the children and their parents. A sample of 62 children from 13 to 18 years old was utilized. All had been referred to a mental health program by juvenile courts for therapeutic intervention because of drug offenses. The intervention program stressed family communication and communication techniques and required both the child and parents to attend. Three types of rates of recidivism were then obtained from juvenile court records for each sample member including all referrals, adjusted referrals, (excluding such referrals for truancy, fighting, traffic offenses, etc.), and those referrals for drug offenses only. These were analyzed for both pre‐ and post‐ intervention length of time. Analysis of data revealed significant (p v .001) decrease for all three categories of referral. Notable was that the recidivism rate for drug offenses declined significantly. While this data is encouraging some considerations are necessary. First, the degree of experimental control was limited. The use of a control group would perhaps have been beneficial. Secondly, one must consider the effect of the “arrest experience” and its relationship to learning how to avoid getting caught for the same offense twice. This could be examined further if the pre‐ and post‐intervention periods could be lengthened. A final consideration would be the effect of other intervention programs on recidivism, since many of the children were receiving more than one type of therapy. The question of which intervention program most effected the decline of recidivism would have to be answered before one could accept the conclusion that the communication program was indeed responsible for the significant decrease in recidivism.
Knowledge of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection In Elementary School Children
Authors: McCann‐Sanford Thurma , Spencer Mary J. , Hendrick Allison , Meyer Eleanore E. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTChildren often acquire health and disease information from their parents; and, as a rule, parents of a higher socioeconomic status are often better educated than those of lower socioeconomic status.This study assessed children's knowledge of upper respiratory tract infection and correlated the level of knowledge with socioeconomic status, ethnic background and frequency of school absences. Twenty‐two true‐false questions were give to 331 elementary school children in grades two, four and six. Two schools were chosen because of differences in socioeconomic status of the prospective neighborhoods. The questionnaire was administered orally by one examiner while the children completed their own answer sheet.The higher socioeconomic status (SES) school had a correct mean score of 14.39, whereas the lower SES school had a mean score of 13.53. The mean correct score increased with grade level. White children had a mean correct score of 14.37, whereas non‐white children had a mean correct score of 12.81. The mean correct score did not differ by sex. There was no correlation between mean correct score when compared to the students' claim of days missed from school because of upper respiratory infection. Students from both elementary schools appeared to have a general knowledge of etiology, symptoms, treatment and prevention of upper respiratory tract infection.
Part I. Program Development in Twelve States: School Nurse Achievement Program
Authors: Smith Ann N. , Goodwin Laura D. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThe School Nurse Achievement Program is a national continuing education program for school nurses who want to increase their service to disabled school children. Program goals and course content are derived from a national position statement on the role of the school nurse working with the handicapped child and a national survey of school nurses' educational needs. Now being offered in twelve states, the course presents current clinical information about childhood disabilities.
Predicting Adolescent Smoking
Authors: McCaul Kevin D. , Glasgow Russell , O'Neill H. Katherine , Freeborn Virginia , Rump Brenda S. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTTwo hundred and ninety‐seven seventh grade students (143 males and 154 females) participated in a prospective study to predict adolescent cigarette smoking behavior one year later. Predictor variables included 10 survey items assessing the smoking behavior of students' friends and family, students' school behavior and beliefs about smoking and students' intentions to smoke in the future. The one‐year follow‐up survey was administered under “bogus pipeline” conditions to enhance the validity of self‐reported smoking status by including the collection of saliva thiocyanate samples. Univariate analyses indicated that smokers differed from nonsmokers on a number of measures and that there were few sex differences on either the survey variables or on smoking status. Stepwise discriminant function analyses revealed that it was possible to accurately predict the onset of adolescent cigarette smoking by combining the survey variables. The three variables that consistently accounted for the greatest proportion of the variance were number of friends who smoke, intentions to smoke in the future and percent of older siblings who smoke. The implications of this work for programs intended to prevent adolescent smoking are discussed.
Patterns of Change in Adolescent Smoking Behavior and Results of a One Year Follow‐up of a Smoking Prevention Program*
Authors: Coe Rodney M. , Crouse Eric , Cohen Jerome D. , Fisher E. B. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA smoking prevention program for adolescents conducted in two public middle schools focused on resisting peer pressure to smoke and understanding the intent of commercial cigarette advertising. One class in each school participated in the program group and one served as a control group. The program consisted of eight sessions and was conducted by first‐year medical students. Data on smoking behavior and related information were obtained from self‐administered questionnaires at baseline, at the conclusion of the program, and one year later. One year after the program was concluded, the proportion of non‐smokers was higher among those who had participated in the program than among the controls. This suggests that routine implementation of smoking prevention programs in conventional school settings may be productive in reducing the prevalence of cigarette smoking.
The Evaluation of a Cardiovascular School Health Curriculum: An Assessment of Long‐Term Cognitive Retention and Attitudinal Correlates
Authors: Holcomb J. David , Carbonari Joseph P. , Nelson Jo , Wylie Lee 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTA Cardiovascular School Health Curriculum was evaluated to assess its long‐term impact on students' cognitive retention and attitudinal correlates. Analysis, of the data showed that the students who had received the special cardiovascular curriculum had a higher knowledge level six months after the curriculum than did the control group. The primary differences between the two groups were in the major emphasis of the curriculum; thus, providing confidence in the impact of the program. Differences in attitudes toward cardiovascular disease risk and control were not found.Since 1975, researchers in the Division of Education of the National Heart and Blood Vessel Research Demonstration Center (NRDC) of Baylor College of Medicine have developed and evaluated educational programs designed for secondary school health education. This developmental process produced a cardiovascular school health curriculum with nine self‐instructional units focused on the heart and circulatory system, cardiovascular diseases, risk factors of cardiovascular disease and warning signs of heart attack and stroke. These units were augmented with a teacher's guide, classroom activities, audiovisual resources, homework assignments and achievement tests to form a two‐week health education program.The curriculum has been evaluated in a variety of settings and by several methods.1–3 The results of these studies were positive in that the curriculum significantly increased the knowledge levels of those students who participated in the program. Additionally, as a result of the program, the participants had more positive attitudes toward preventing and controlling cardiovascular disease.Although the results of the evaluative studies were positive, the researchers were concerned about the student's retention of knowledge and related attitudes. This paper will present results of an assessment of the impact of the curriculum on students' knowledge and attitudes six months after its completion.
Comparison of School‐Based Treatments for Adolescent Obesity
Authors: Lansky David , Brownell Kelly D. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTSeventy‐one obese adolescents participated in behavior modification or exercise/nutrition‐education weight loss programs in three schools. Sixty‐four percent in the behavioral program and 63% in the exercise/nutrition program decreased their percentage over ideal weight. The comparable effectiveness of the two approaches indicates that school‐based programs of behavior modification and exercise/nutrition‐education can be implemented by school health professionals and can reliably produce weight loss among children.
Theory‐based Health Education Activities for Third to Sixth Grade Children
Authors: Jaycox Sharon , Baranowski Tom , Nader Philip R. , Dworkin Rosalind , Vanderpool Nathalie A. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTEight educational activities based on social learning and social support theories were used as part of a comprehensive cardiovascular risk reduction program for families with children in the third to sixth grades. These activities focused on providing the children with skills in recognizing high‐salt and high‐saturated fat foods, preparing such foods, resisting pressures to eat such foods, increasing aerobic activity and providing support to peers and family in attempting such changes. Data analyses revealed significantly greater decreases in high‐salt and high‐saturated, fat food consumption and perceived increases in aerobic activity, in the experimental than the control group. The participative, enjoyment and inexpensive aspects of these activities are emphasized to encourage their use in school health programs.
An Analysis of Policies Regulating Medication in Ohio Public Schools
Authors: Ross James C. , Foreman Charles M. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThe development of medicines, state and federal laws requiring the enrollment and mainstreaming of handicapped students and the use of behavior modifying drugs has resulted in more requests by parents to have medication administered to their children during school hours. The problem in schools without immediate access to nurses is to accommodate students who need medication while at the same time avoid the dangers that are inherent in administering medication to children. The purpose of this investigation was to determine what guidelines are being followed in Ohio schools on the storage and administration of prescribed medication.Policies and regulations on the administration of medication, solicited from a random sample of Ohio school districts, were found to be not in keeping with pertinent legislation, litigation and recommended procedures. The investigation of the sample districts revealed enough inadequacies to suggest that: 1) many Ohio school districts need formal policies and regulations in the administration of medication; and 2) Ohio school districts having policies and regulations in the administration of medication should seriously consider eliminating whatever inadequacies exist for the safety and well‐being of students and staff.A sample board policy statement, regulations for administering prescription and nonprescription medication in schools, a request form and a model statute designed to protect the employee from tort liability as a result of ordinary negligence in the administration of medication were developed in keeping with the findings of this study and are recommended for consideration as models by school districts nationwide.
Visits by Elementary School Children to the School Nurse
Authors: Stephenson Charlotte 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTVarious factors seem to influence health seeking and illness behavior in childhood, among which are early socialization, modeling behavior in adults, the labeling of illness and psychological distress. The characteristics of a group of elementary school children who visited the nurse's office were observed and descriptive data were obtained on 551 students during a six‐month period. Correlation analysis of the data was made. The conclusion of the study supported the following ideas: 1) health seeking and illness behavior was a learned process; 2) there was no differences noted in the frequency of visitation by boys or girls; and 3) recurrent health problems contributed to the frequency of visitation. The role of the school nurse in assessing potential physical and or psychological problems was affirmed.
Teachers' Recognition and Reporting of Child Abuse
Authors: Turbett J. Patrick , O'Toole Richard 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTHelp for abused children, abusive parents and families depends upon early recognition and reporting of the problem. This research employs an experimental design using vignettes (brief descriptions of potential abuse) to manipulate the affect of parents' socioeconomic status, ethnic status and the child's level of injury on teachers' recognition and reporting of abuse. Results for teachers are compared to the authors' previous research on nurses' and physicians' judgments. Results indicate that, while all three professional groups responded to the child's level of injury, physicians' judgments were affected by parents' socioeconomic status and ethnic status, but teachers' and nurses' judgments were not affected by these variables. The signs of abuse and causal notions employed by the three groups also are compared. Implications for the teachers' role in recognition and reporting of child abuse are discussed.
Smoking Behavior of High School Students in Israel
Authors: Zoller Uri , Maymon Tsipora 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTTo evaluate the recently developed and implemented Israeli educational program “Smoking and Cigarette Smoke” (SACS), data was collected on the current smoking behavior and attitudes of high school adolescents.A representative sample of 1,420 students in 22 high schools participated in the study. Each participant had to respond to 65 items of a specially devised questionnaire with respect to his or her smoking behavior and attitudes. According to age and sex in the school year 1980–81, the percentage of smokers within the target population, the distribution by age of when the student started smoking, as well as the distribution of reasons given for both smoking and not smoking, are recorded and analyzed. Generally, it was found that smoking behavior (and age distribution) of high school students in Israel is comparable to that of high school students in the United States. However, the reasons for smoking and not smoking as perceived by the students themselves are different in the two countries both qualitatively and quantitatively. It is concluded that in order to be successful, any preventive antismoking program should be modified and tailored in accordance with the characteristics and needs of the target population under the particular local set of constraints.
The Buddy System
Authors: Guynn Jacqueline 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThe education for all Handicapped Children Act (Public Law 94–142) is both an education and civil rights law. As a result of the civil rights perspective of the law, students with chronic illnesses and disabilities are demanding access to public education. These students often require multiple services designed to meet their special health needs. It has become the responsibility of school personnel to assess these students and determine the best type of school health plan for them. This article is about the creation of a Buddy System used in an urban, middle school in grades six‐eight for students ages 10–13.
Utilizing Tenets of Inoculation Theory to Develop and Evaluate a Preventive Alcohol Education Intervention
Authors: Duryea Elias J. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTWith the advent of the Surgeon General's Report, Healthy People, a renewed interest in and concern for the health‐risky practices of the school aged has emerged. Moreover, because the mortality rates for the 15 to 24 year age group continues to increase while the mortality rates for every other age group continues to decline, a school health education imperative has become peventionbased interventions. The experimental, prevention‐based alcohol education porgram reported here describes one such intervention directed at 9th grade students. The program was grounded on the principles of Inoculation Theory and evaluated using a Solomon Four‐Group Design. Results indicate that the formulation of preventive alcohol education programs utilizing Inoculation Theory in a school setting is both feasible and productive in achieving designated objectives. Longitudinal assessment of the subjects with regard to their alcohol‐related behavior is continuing throughout their high school careers.
Reading, Demographic, Social and Psychological Factors Related to Pre‐adolescent Smoking and Non‐smoking Behaviors and Attitudes
Authors: Sunseri Albert J. , Alberti Jean M. , Kent Nancie D. , Schoenberger James A. , Sunseri Joan K. , Amuwo Shaffdeen , Vickers Pamela 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to examine reading, demographic, social and psychological factors related to pre‐adolescent smoking and non‐smoking behaviors and attitudes. The school‐home humanistic education program was implemented in a large, urban public school system. It stressed responsible decisionmaking, increased self‐esteem and the inter‐relationships among the acquisition of knowledge of the consequences of smoking, personal feelings, family relationships and behavior.The results showed that family involvement was necessary to affect smoking attitudes and behaviors. Of all the variables studied, reading had a most pervasive relationship. Peer influence and self‐esteem also were related to smoking knowledge, smoking attitude, future smoking intentions and the “purchase” of cigarettes.Two of several conclusions drawn from the results are:1. Family involvement is necessary to affect attitudes and behaviors.2 Health education research that does not investigate the relationship between program outcomes and reading achievement may be misleading.