bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of concentration waves on the fischer—tropsch reaction
Authors: Adesina Adesoji A. , Hudgins Robert R. , Silveston Peter L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractInvestigation of the hydrocarbon rate formation behaviour during the Fischer—Tropsch synthesis under periodic concentration forcing reveals the existence of resonance peaks for certain choices of cycle parameters. These peaks appeared under symmetrical cycling with a mean feed composition of 17–5% CO (balance H2) at both low (less than 0‐001 cps) and high (greater than 0‐01 cps) frequencies for the alkanes. Although methane was more strongly stimulated under periodic operation than other hydrocarbons, the rate enhancement observed for C2 to C6 products signalled the potential for ‘tuning’ selectivity in this mode of operation.
Enantioselective reduction of 1,2‐diformylferrocene by Bakers' yeast
Authors: Izumi Taeko , Hino Toshimi , Kasahara Akira 
Published: July 2010

Abstract1,2‐Diformylferrocene was enzymatically and preferentially reduced to ( — )‐ (1S,2R)‐1‐formyl‐2‐hydroxymethylferrocene by bakers' yeast.
Synthesis of some new 7‐substituted aminomethyl‐6‐chloroquinoline‐5,8‐quinones
Authors: Yanni A. S. , Khalil Z. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSome new 7‐alkyl (or aryl) aminomethyl‐6‐chloroquinoline‐5,8‐quinones (II) have been obtained through the reaction of 6‐chloroquinoline‐5,8‐quinone with primary aliphatic or aromatic amines and paraformaldehyde in ethanol. On using secondary amines such as piperidine or morpholine in the above reaction, 6‐chloro‐7‐piperidino (or morpholino) methylquinoline‐5,8‐quinone (III) and (IV) respectively were obtained. The structure of the synthesised compounds was confirmed by elemental analysis and spectral data. The synthesised compounds were also biologically evaluated.
Application of ion‐exclusion chromatography to alkaline pulping liquors; separation of hydroxy carboxylic acids from inorganic solids
Authors: Alén Raimo , Sjöström Eero , Suominen Seija 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHydroxy carboxylic acids were separated from inorganic solids on a pilot‐plant scale by using columns containing a strongly acidic polystyrene cation exchange resin with bed volumes of about 1000 and 200 dm3. The liquor samples were obtained from soda–anthraquinone pulping of pine wood and they were first acidified with sulfuric acid to precipitate most of the lignin and to liberate the hydroxy acids. Under appropriate conditions, using warm water (65°C) as eluent, the liquor sample could be resolved into two distinct fractions consisting mainly of hydroxy acids and sodium sulfate, respectively. This separation method seems promising as a complementary technique in connection with the recovery of aliphatic carboxylic acids from kraft black liquors, although further studies are required to optimize the conditions.
Dialkylphosphonodibromo‐acetates and ‐acetonitriles as potential new biocides
Authors: Direktor David , Effenberger Reinhard 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe preparation of several alkyl dialkylphosphonodibromoacetates and dialkylphosphonodibromoacetonitriles is described. Some of these materials were shown to possess interesting biocidal characteristics both against single micro‐organisms and against wild type mixed micro‐organisms present in cooling water from a fertiliser plant.
N‐benzyl‐N‐ethylaniline; an alternative synthetic approach
Authors: Ayyangar N. R. , Shinde B. S. , Srinivasan K. V. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn alternative one‐pot synthesis of N‐benzyl‐N‐ethylaniline, an important dyestuff intermediate, has been achieved by reductive alkylation of easily available aniline as starting material. The reaction has been extended to the preparation of other substituted N‐benzyl‐N‐ethylanilines. New insights into the mechanism of the reactions have been obtained. A more economical two‐stage process involving reductive ethylation of N‐benzylaniline has been examined.
Continuous annular chromatography for the separation of beet molasses
Authors: Barker P. E. , Bridges S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe continuous separation of a multicomponent feedstock on a rotating annular chromatograph is described. The annulus width was 12 mm, diameter 300 mm and height 1400 mm. The annulus was packed with a 420 micron ion‐exchange resin in the sodium form. The feedstock separated was beet molasses which is the final syrup spun off after repeated crystallisations in the extraction of sugar. Two basic mechanisms were in operation to separate sucrose from impurities: ion exclusion and molecular sieving. A statistical approach was made to set up an experimental programme and analyse the results. Four factors were studied: feed flowrate, feed concentration, annulus rotation rate and eluent rate. Two of these, namely feed rate and eluent rate, significantly affected the response. The response was the separation achieved using the annular chromatograph between the sucrose and non‐sucrose solids. A further series of experiments demonstrated the practical considerations to be made when separating beet molasses. A crystallisable product sucrose rate of 207 gh−1 was achieved.
Synthesis and application of some new heterocyclo‐s‐triazole derivatives as antimicrobial agents
Authors: Awad Ibrahim M. A. , Abdel‐Rahman Abdu‐E‐ , Bakite Etify A. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract3‐Aryloxymethyl‐4‐amino‐5‐mercapto‐s‐triazoles (1a–c) reacted with alkyl/aralkyl halides to give 5‐alkyl/aralkyl thio‐s‐triazole derivatives (2a–i) and with substituted phenacyl bromides afforded s‐triazolo‐thiadiazines (3a–l). Condensation of 1a–c with aromatic/heterocyclic aldehydes furnished the corresponding schiff bases 4a–r. The latter compounds (4b,h,n) were further reacted according to Mannich reaction affording 5a–f and 6a–c. Moreover, interaction of 4b,h,n with phenacyl bromides yielded the bicyclic compounds 7a–l. Some of these compounds were screened in vitro for their antimicrobial activity against seven strains of bacteria.
Biogas generation from bagasse‐based paper mills by anaerobic digestion
Authors: Prasad Duggirala Yogendra 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBagasse‐based paper mills in developing countries do not have sophisticated waste water treatment technology to combat water pollution released by these mills. This paper presents an overview of bagasse handling and sources of waste generation, the seriousness of pollution discharge, and treatment options available to tackle the waste water derived from bagasse‐based paper mills. Extensive laboratory treatability studies indicate that anaerobic digestion for biogas generation is a viable method for handling bagasse‐based paper mill wastes. The waste water was treated at an organic loading of 0.8 kg BOD m−3 day−1 and 1.6 kg COD m−3 day−1 and a detention time of 10 days, achieving 90% reduction in BOD and COD without supplementation of any nutrients. With a yield coefficient of 0.5, the average quantity of cells produced per day was calculated to be 1.683 kg day−1 or 0.25 kg cells produced kg−1 BOD removed. Intermittent checking on excess alkalinity in the anerobic system is necessary for achieving maximum treatment efficiency.
Recovery of rhenium from acidic aqueous solutions by pressure reduction with gaseous reducers
Authors: Charewicz Witold A. , Wódka Jerzy , Chmielewski Tomasz 
Published: July 2010

AbstractProcess of rhenium removal from acidic industrial effluents by pressure reduction with gaseous hydrogen and sulphur dioxide was examined. Solutions from two sources were investigated, namely: circulating wash liquors originated from a wet dedusting of converter gases, and from dedusting of Dörschel furnace gases at a copper smelter. The effects of temperature, sulphuric acid concentration, and addition of an activated charcoal carrier were determined on rhenium recovery. Complete removal of rhenium from the solution has been achieved with both hydrogen and sulphur dioxide and the concentration of rhenium in the resultant concentrate reached 3%. The technological process for recovering rhenium from acidic industrial effluents was suggested.
Continuous ethanol fermentation by immobilized yeast cells in a fluidized‐bed reactor
Authors: Bravo P. , Gonzalez G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractContinuous alcoholic fermentation of untreated crude sugar beet molasses has been studied. The process was carried out in a vertical fluidized‐bed reactor with beads of calcium‐alginate containing immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The influence of hydraulic residence time, concentration of substrate and other variables have been studied.
Microbial hydrocarbon degradation—bioremediation of oil spills
Authors: Atlas Ronald M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBioremediation has become a major method employed in restoration of oil‐polluted environments that makes use of natural microbial biodegradative activities. Bioremediation of petroleum pollutants overcomes the factors limiting rates of microbial hydrocarbon biodegradation. Often this involves using the enzymatic capabilities of the indigenous hydrocarbon‐degrading microbial populations and modifying environmental factors, particularly concentrations of molecular oxygen, fixed forms of nitrogen, and phosphate to achieve enhanced rates of hydrocarbon biodegradation. Biodegradation of oily sludges and bioremediation of oil‐contaminated sites has been achieved by oxygen addition—e.g., by tilling soils in landfarming and by adding hydrogen peroxide or pumping oxygen into oiled aquifers along with addition of nitrogen‐ and phosphorous‐containing fertilizers. The success of seeding oil spills with microbial preparations is ambiguous. Successful bioremediation of a major marine oil spill has been achieved based upon addition of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers.
Use of ilmenite decomposition products in a gas desulphurisation process
Authors: Tilly Jadwiga , Lewicki Marek , Tomaszewski Zbigniew , Toczkowski Jacek 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIt has been found that the diluted post‐hydrolytic acid solutions and the solutions of the waste ferrous sulphate show higher catalytic activity in SO2 oxidation than do standard solutions of ferrous sulphate. It has also been demonstrated that during SO2 absorption, Fe(II) ions are the first to undergo oxidation, followed by SO2 oxidation to H2SO4.
Partial purification and characterization of the cellulases from clostridium cellulolyticum h10
Authors: Madarro Alejo , Peña José L. , Lequerica Juan L. , Vallés Salvador , Gay Robert , Flors Agustí 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe extracellular cellulolytic complex from Clostridium cellulolyticum H10 has been isolated and partially characterized. Through application of gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography techniques it has been established that in its native state this complex essentially consists of highly stable macromolecular structures (Mr c. 20 000 kDa) (similar to those described for different cellulolytic bacteria and currently termed cellulosomes) exhibiting avicelase, carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) and xylanase activities. Furthermore, immunoaffinity assays show that this extracellular cellutosomal form of the complex is immunochemically similar to the cell‐associated form.Another feature of the C. cellulolyticum H10 complex is that the Avicel‐adsorbed fraction consists essentially of three major components, two of them (those of 160–170 and 72 kDa) having no detectable activity and one (that of 95 kDa) being associated with strong CMCase activity.
Kinetic study of urease‐catalysed urea hydrolysis
Authors: Huang Ting‐Chia , Chen Dong‐Hwang 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe kinetics of the urease‐catalysed hydrolysis of urea in phosphate and citrate buffers have been studied. The effects of urease concentration, substrate concentration, pH and temperature of solutions, and particularly the concentrations of buffers and product on the reaction rate of urea hydrolysis have been examined. The activation energies in two buffer systems indicate that the reaction mechanism catalysed by urease may be the same in each case. A substrate inhibition model has been developed that describes the effect of substrate concentration ranging from 0.001 to 4 mol dm−3. The experimental data indicated that the inhibition of urease by phosphate is of partially mixed type, whilst that by citrate is uncompetitive. In contrast ammonium ions exhibited no significant influence on the rate of urea hydrolysis by urease.
The optimum taper angle for ethanol fermentation in a packed‐bed column reactor
Authors: Colak Teslime , Hamamci Haluk 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn ethanol fermentation, tapered columns facilitate the liberation of CO2 and, since the bed expands through a larger cross‐sectional area, smaller pressure drops occur. In this work, 0°, 2°, and 4° tapered columns, containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae entrapped in beads of K‐carrageenan, were operated for continuous production of ethanol from glucose. The column inlet diameters and the bead volume were maintained constant for the three columns. With decreasing taper angle, increasing feed glucose concentration, increasing feed flow rate and increasing bead volume in the reactor, the pressure drop across the bed increased. There was no significant difference between the ethanol productivities obtained in the 0°, 2°, and 4° tapered columns when a packed volume of 52% of the total volume was examined. Increasing the packed volume to 84% of the total caused the cylindrical column to become inoperable due to pressure buildup and bead compression. When the columns were packed to 84% capacity, the productivity and pressure drop values obtained on the 2° and 4° tapered columns did not significantly differ. For a feed concentration of 150 g glucose dm−3 and a residence time range of 5.4–15.94 h, the pressure drop varied between 4.5 × 103 and 1.28 × 104 Pa in the 2° and between 4 × 103 and 7.98 × 103 Pa in the 4° tapered column. Conversion in the 2° tapered column varied from 94% to 78.8% and in the 4° tapered column from 92.6% to 78.8%. Defining optimum taper angle as the smallest angle which allows for stable operation without any pressure buildup, the taper angle of 2° was selected as nearest to the optimum value.
A diffuse reflectance fourier transform infra‐red study of carbon dioxide adsorption on silicalite‐I
Authors: Llewellyn Philip L. , Theocharis Charis R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe adsorption of carbon dioxide at room temperature on large, well‐defined crystals of Silicalite‐I was studied by diffuse reflectance Fourier transfer infra‐red spectroscopy. The zeolite samples had a mean crystal size of 180 μm, and a narrow particle size distribution. The results show a displacement of the 1390 cm−1 Si‐O‐Si stretch‐bend peak on adsorption/desorption of guests in the channels. The progress of carbon dioxide adsorption was followed by the 2331 cm−1 band; adsorption of the gas on a sample which already had n‐hexane as a guest in the zeolitic channels led to an initial suppression of the peaks due to the alkane, but the peaks reappeared on standing. This was interpreted as signalling the adsorption of both species within the channel system rather than on the external surface of the sample.
Palladium‐based diffusion membranes as catalysts in ethylene hydrogenation
Authors: Al‐Shammary A. F. Y. , Caga I. T. , Winterbottom J. M. , Tata A. Y. , Harris I. R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPd‐23 at% Ag and Pd‐7.8 at% Y hydrogen‐diffusion membranes were (1) prepared by argon‐arc melting of the constituent elements, (2) characterised, (3) examined for hydrogen permeation and (4) used as catalysts in ethylene hydrogenation reactions. Ethylene was self‐hydrogenated on the membrane surfaces in the absence of permeate hydrogen. The hydrogenation with and/or without the permeate hydrogen was carried out in the temperature range 100–450°C at ethylene pressures of 1.0–1.5 bars and differential pressures across the membrane in the range 1.0–6.8 bars. Mainly C1‐C4 hydrocarbons and up to 60% conversion of ethylene to products were obtained.
The Extraction of Penicillin G with Aliphatic Amines in Organic Solvents of Different Polarities
Authors: Yang Zhi‐Fa , Yu Shu‐Qiu , Chen Jia‐Yong (Chia‐Yung) 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe equilibrium constants of the extraction, the molar ratios of amines to penicillin G in the extract and the bonding structures of the extracted species were studied with chemical analysis and the absorbance shift of FT‐IR spectra of the functional groups in penicillin G. Extraction of penicillin G from the filtrate of fermentation broth indicates that amines will be difficult to use as the industrial solvent for the production of penicillin G because of the poor quality of the final crystalline product obtained and the difficulties involved in the stripping and solvent recovery.
Studies on the removal of Cr(VI) from waste‐water by feldspar
Authors: Singh Dhirendra B. , Rupainwar Dinesh C. , Prasad Gur 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe efficacy of feldspar in the removal of Cr(VI) from representative waste‐water from a plating industry has been investigated in a completely mixed batch reactor at different concentrations, rate of agitation and particle size. The data obey the Langmuir isotherm for the present system and the process of uptake follows first‐order kinetics. The maximum removal (91%) was observed at 40°C and pH 2.5 with initial concentration of 19.23 μmol dm−3 Cr(VI) and 40 g dm−3 feldspar. The process involves both film and pore diffusion to different extents. Column studies have also been carried out using a certain concentration of waste‐water. More than 92% recovery has been achieved and the column can be used for 10 cycles before regeneration. The present technique seems to be quite attractive.
Production of concentrated Bifidobacterium bifidum
Authors: Corre Christian , Madec Marie‐Noëlle , Boyaval Patrick 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA low‐cost medium was developed to produce expensive dairy starter cultures easily and economically. Concentrated suspensions of Bifidobacterium bifidum were obtained in a continuous process using a continuous stirred tank reactor coupled to an ultrafiltration device in non‐anaerobic conditions. Bacterial productivity of 2 × 108 organisms cm−3 h−1 were achieved using a whey‐based medium, a 15‐fold improvement on batch productivity. The starter culture suspensions could be stored at 4°C or frozen without washing, or with the addition of cryoprotective media, with maintenance of high viability.
Optimisation of the alkaline peroxide pretreatment for the delignification of rice straw and its applications
Authors: Patel Meenoti M. , Bhatt Ranjan M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAlkaline peroxide pretreatment for the delignification of rice straw was optimised by varying the concentrations of H2O2 and NaOH and changing the temperature and duration of the pretreatment. Changes in the lignin content, content of total carbohydrates and weight loss were measured during the pretreatments. Maximum delignification of 62% was obtained by pretreating rice straw at 50°C for 5h with 1.5% (w/v) NaOH and 1% (v/v) H2O2, The preferential loss of hemicellulose and lignin from the straw resulted in an increase in the cellulose content of the insoluble residue after pretreatment from 47% (untreated) to 67.79% (treated).The product of this treatment is characterised by having higher cellulose digestibility than untreated rice straw. It also has use as a carbohydrate source in ruminant feed since the in‐vivo digestibility by the cow increased from 56.85 % to 76.54% (P < 0.001). The treated rice straw could also be used for commercial process such as the generation of Single Cell Protein. Growth of Sporotrichum pulverulentum on treated rice straw gave a protein product of 24.41 % as compared to 3.8% on untreated rice straw.
Properties of β‐fructosidases (invertases and inulinases) of Fusarium oxysporum grown on an aqueous extract of Cichorium intybus roots
Authors: Kaur Narinder , Kaur Maninder , Gupta Anil K. , Singh Rangil 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFour different forms of invertase and inulinase named as Invertase, I, II, III, IV and inulinase I, II, III, IV were purified from a culture filtrate of Fusarium oxysporum, grown on a fructan containing medium, by ammonium sulphate fractionation, gel permeation and ion exchange chromatography. Invertases had a higher optimum temperature (55–60°C) as compared to that of inulinases (35–45°C). Of sucrose, raffinose, stachyose and inulin, sucrose was the best substrate for all the four invertases and none of the invertases showed activity with inulin. Inulinases showed maximum activity with inulin. The optimum pH of invertase I and II was 5.5 whereas invertase III and IV showed a maximum activity at pH 4.0. Inulinases I, II, III and IV had an optimum pH of 5.5, 5.5, 6.0 and 6.5, respectively. The thermal stability of invertases was in the order of invertase III > IV > II > I. Inulinase II was more stable than inulinase I whereas inulinase III and IV were the least stable. Inulinases showed a low Km in the range of 10–95 μmol dm−3 of inulin, thereby showing their high affinity for inulin. Km for invertases varied from 2 mmol dm−3 to 4 mmol dm−3 of sucrose. HgCl2 and CuSO4 were found to be strong inhibitors for both invertases and inulinases.
Synthesis and antibacterial activity of certain quinoline and quinazoline derivatives containing sulfide and sulfone moieties
Authors: El‐Zohry Maher F. , Ahmed Abd El‐Hamed N. , Omar Farghaly A. , Abd‐Alla Mohamed A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSome aryl and/or heterocyclic mercaptans were allowed to react with 8‐quinolyl chloroacetate (II), 8‐quinolinoxyacetyl chloride (IV) and 3‐(2′‐chloroethyl)‐2‐methyl‐3,4‐dihydroquinazolin‐4‐one (X) in dry benzene and/or sodium hydroxide in absolute ethanol to give corresponding 8‐quinolyl‐α‐mercaptoacetate (V), 8‐quinolinoxythioacetate (VI) and 3‐(2′‐arylmercaptoethyl)‐2‐methyl‐4‐(3H)quinazolin‐4‐ones or 3‐(2′‐heterocyclicmercaptoethyl)‐2‐methyl‐4(3H)‐quinazolin‐4‐ones (XIa‐h). The mercaptans V and XI were subjected to oxidation with hydrogen peroxide/acetic acid mixture (1:2) to afford the corresponding sulfones VII and XII. The structures of the synthesized compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic (IR and 1H‐NMR) and elemental analyses.Some of these compounds were tested for their antimicrobial activities in comparison with tetracycline as a reference compound.
Application of a recycle dialysis system in a reversed micellar reactor
Authors: Chiang Chen‐Li , Tsai Shau‐Wei 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA recycle dialysis stirred cell has been successfully used for integrating the reaction and product recovery of the lipase‐catalyzed hydrolysis of olive oil in bis (2‐ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT)‐iso‐octane reversed micelles. The resistance of membrane to reversed micelles was monitored by the water content and found to be 95.9% rejection after 24 h and 93.4% rejection after 48 h. The resistance of the membrane to free surfactants, by monitoring the UV absorption, was found to be 98.5% rejection after 10 h and 97.3% rejection after 24 h. Mathematical formulations involving the enzymatic reaction coupled with mass transfer were developed for predicting the performance of a membrane reactor. Theoretical predictions in terms of time course of oleic acid concentrations were found to be in agreement with the experimental results.