bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surfactant Protein C in Canine Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Eriksson M. , Von Euler H. , Ekman E. , Nordling K. , Häggström J. , Johansson J. 
Published: September 2009

Background:Canine pulmonary fibrosis (CPF) occurs most commonly in West Highland White Terriers. The differing incidences of CPF among dog breeds suggest that genetic factors contribute to its pathophysiology. Pulmonary fibrosis in humans is associated with mutations in the gene coding for lung surfactant protein C (SP‐C) (SFTPC).Hypothesis/Objectives:To investigate the histopathologic changes and SP‐C composition and genetic structure in dogs with CPF.Animals:Five dogs with PF, 2 dogs with other lung diseases, and 3 healthy dogs.Methods:Lung tissue from dogs with clinically suspected CPF and 5 control cases was analyzed histopathologically. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) collected postmortem from 3 terriers with histopathologically confirmed pulmonary fibrosis and the 5 controls were analyzed by Western blots, and the exons ofSFTPCwere sequenced for 2 dogs with PF and 1 dog with other lung disease.Results:SP‐C could not be detected in BALF of 1 dog with PF, although SP‐B was present. A mutation was detected inSFTPCexon 5 of this dog. From 2 dogs with PF and in all 5 control dogs SP‐B and SP‐C were detected in BALF.Conclusions:Taken together, the results indicate that canine and human lung fibrosis share histopathologic features and that analysis of SP‐C and its gene in a larger set of dogs with PF is warranted.
Geoelectric structure of the northeastern Williston basin and underlying Precambrian lithosphereEarth Science Sector (ESS) Contribution 20080509.
Authors: Gowan Evan J. , Ferguson Ian J. , Jones Alan G. , Craven James A. 
Published: September 2009

Magnetotelluric (MT) measurements were made in southern Manitoba, Canada, as part of the Portable Observatories for Lithosphere Analysis and Research Investigating Seismicity (POLARIS) project, to image the northeastern part of the Williston basin and underlying Precambrian lithosphere. Data collected at 21 sites along a 400 km east–west profile at 49.5°N and a 300 km north–south profile at 100°W were analyzed using robust spectral analysis, tensor decomposition, and two-dimensional inversion. The resulting resistivity models allow subdivision of the Williston basin into three layers: an upper layer of 1–5 Ω·m corresponding to Mesozoic and upper Paleozoic rocks, a 20–50 Ω·m layer corresponding to lower Paleozoic carbonate rocks, and a 2–3 Ω·m layer corresponding to the Ordovician Winnipeg Formation. Deeper penetrating MT responses, interpreted with other MT data, reveal a region in the westernmost Superior craton with a southwest–northeast geoelectric fabric that is oblique to subprovince boundaries. The observations can be explained by Proterozoic deformation extending several hundred kilometres east of the Superior boundary zone or by a separate Archean terrane adjacent to the boundary. The Thompson belt (TOBE) conductor in the south of the study area has previously been interpreted as part of the Superior boundary zone (SBZ). However, MT results show that the conductor does not extend continuously along the margin of the zone and MT studies to the north define conductors on the margin of the Sask craton. The results suggest the TOBE conductor is associated with the Sask craton margin. The MT results indicate significant along-strike variation of the SBZ in southern Manitoba.
High-resolution isotope stratigraphy of the Lower Ordovician St. George Group of western Newfoundland, Canada: implications for global correlation
Authors: Azmy Karem , Lavoie Denis 
Published: September 2009

The Lower Ordovician St. George Group of western Newfoundland consists mainly of shallow-marine-platform carbonates (∼500 m thick). It is formed, from bottom to top, of the Watts Bight, Boat Harbour, Catoche, and Aguathuna formations. The top boundary of the group is marked by the regional St. George Unconformity. Outcrops and a few cores from western Newfoundland were sampled at high resolution and the extracted micritic materials were investigated for their petrographic and geochemical criteria to evaluate their degree of preservation. The δ13C and δ18O values of well-preserved micrite microsamples range from –4.2‰ to 0‰ (VPDB) and from –11.3‰ to –2.9‰ (VPDB), respectively. The δ13Ccarb profile of the St. George Group carbonates reveals several negative shifts, which vary between ∼2‰ and 3‰ and are generally associated with unconformities–disconformities or thin shale interbeds, thus reflecting the effect of or link with significant sea-level changes. The St. George Unconformity is associated with a negative δ13Ccarb shift (∼2‰) on the profile and correlated with major lowstand (around the end of Arenig) on the local sea-level reconstruction and also on those from the Baltic region and central Australia, thus suggesting that the St. George Group Unconformity might have likely had an eustatic component that contributed to the development–enhancement of the paleomargin. Other similar δ13Ccarb shifts have been recorded on the St. George profile, but it is hard to evaluate their global extension due to the low resolution of the documented global Lower Ordovician (Tremadoc – middle Arenig) δ13Ccarb profile.
Influence of oceanographic variability on recruitment of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) in the western and central Pacific Ocean
Authors: Langley Adam , Briand Karine , Kirby David Seán , Murtugudde Raghu 
Published: September 2009

Recruitment estimates for yellowfin tuna ( Thunnus albacares ) in the western and central Pacific Ocean (WCPO), derived from a stock assessment model, are highly variable seasonally, interannually, and over decadal periods. A generalized linear model (GLM) was developed that predicts the variation in yellowfin tuna recruitment in response to a range of oceanographic variables. The GLM model accounted for 54% of the variation in quarterly recruitment for the period 1980–2003, with the inclusion of seven different oceanographic variables derived from a zone within the northwestern equatorial region of the WCPO. The robustness of the recruitment model was investigated by cross-validation. The GLM was complemented by a cluster analysis approach that identified five principal oceanographic states within the northwestern zone selected by the GLM. Incorporation of the recent GLM recruitment indices in the yellowfin tuna stock assessment model is likely to improve the precision of estimates of current and projected (next 1–2 years) biomass and exploitation rates. In a broader context, the recruitment model provides a tool to investigate how yellowfin tuna recruitment might vary in response to short- and long-term variation in the oceanographic conditions of the WCPO.
Mercury biomagnification in the food webs of acidic lakes in Kejimkujik National Park and National Historic Site, Nova Scotia
Authors: Wyn Brianna , Kidd Karen A. , Burgess Neil M. , Curry R. Allen 
Published: September 2009

Mercury (Hg) concentrations in fish from acidic lakes (pH < 6.0) are typically elevated above those from near-neutral systems. It is unknown whether high biomagnification rates through the supporting food web can explain elevated Hg concentrations in top predators from low pH lakes. To investigate this, we collected yellow perch ( Perca flavescens ), brown bullhead ( Ameiurus nebulosus ), banded killifish ( Fundulus diaphanous ), golden shiner ( Notemigonus crysoleucas ), and littoral and pelagic invertebrates from four acidic lakes in Kejimkujik National Park and Historic Site (KNPNHS), Nova Scotia, Canada, and analyzed them for total Hg and methyl Hg (MeHg), and δ13C and δ15N to determine sources of energy and trophic position, respectively. Mercury biomagnification rates (slopes of log Hg versus δ15N) varied significantly among the four lakes but did not explain the among-lake differences in perch Hg; these slopes were also within the range published for near-neutral systems. Rather, Hg concentrations in yellow perch (i.e., predatory fish) in KNPNHS were higher in lakes with higher MeHg in lower-trophic-level organisms and suggest that processes influencing Hg uptake at the base of the food web are more important than rates of food web biomagnification for understanding the variation in concentrations of this contaminant among top predators.
Egg consumption in mature Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.)
Authors: Garner Shawn R. , Heath John W. , Neff Bryan D. 
Published: September 2009

For over a century, conventional wisdom has maintained that Pacific salmon ( Oncorhynchus spp.) cease feeding when they return to freshwater rivers to spawn. Here, we overturn this belief by showing that multiple species of Pacific salmon consume eggs during spawning. Overall, 13% of stomachs contained eggs, and feeding rates were estimated at up to 14 eggs or 52 kJ per day. Feeding experiments revealed that mature salmon could digest eggs, as fed salmon maintained significantly higher body mass than unfed salmon. Such egg consumption presents a fundamental shift in our understanding of Pacific salmon ecology that may have important implications for migration and management models. Indeed, the energy from consumed eggs could allow salmon to migrate up to an additional 3.8 km upstream per day of feeding, or extend the duration of spawning activity by up to 12%. Furthermore, salmon stocks may have evolved local adaptations to their specific migration and spawning requirements that include nutrients from salmon eggs. Thus, successful salmon management efforts may need to preserve not only spawning habitat and migration corridors, but also feeding opportunities.
Population genetic structure in the redefined vermilion rockfish (Sebastes miniatus) indicates limited larval dispersal and reveals natural management units
Authors: Hyde John R. , Vetter Russell D. 
Published: September 2009

Recent studies have revealed that the vermilion rockfish Sebastes miniatus is a cryptic species pair. The splitting of this species impacts stock size estimates and draws attention to the unintended consequences of current management policies. Differences in exploitation level between the species necessitated an evaluation of population structure and connectivity among regional management segments of the fishery. Analysis of gene flow and calculations of larval dispersal values were accomplished using 782 bp of DNA sequence data from the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of 684 vermilion rockfish sampled from 16 sites between Kyuquot Sound, Canada, and San Quintin, Mexico. Significant genetic heterogeneity was found among sample sites (ΦST= 0.0742, p < 0.001 and FST= 0.0899, p < 0.001). Isolation by distance analysis produced a significant correlation, suggesting low average larval dispersal distance. Analysis of molecular variance showed significant partitioning of genetic variance across the biogeographic boundary at Point Conception (ΦCT= 0.0923, p < 0.001 and FCT= 0.0135, p < 0.001) with additional genetic barriers found at Cape Mendocino, Punta Colnett, Santa Monica Bay, and along the coast of Washington. These genetic barriers conform to oceanographic compartments previously proposed for the California Current Ecological Province and suggest natural management units for this species.
The rotational spectrum of methanol in the third excited torsional stateThis article is part of a Special Issue on Spectroscopy at the University of New Brunswick in honour of Colan Linton and Ron Lees.We dedicate this paper to Dr. R.M. Lees, one of the early pioneers of methanol spectroscopy and internal rotation theory. Indeed, inspired by his 1968 methanol paper (Lees and Baker. J. Chem. Phys. 48, 5299 (1968)), numerous methanol studies have been matured and brought to the next level of ever challenging internal rotational problems. Among them, in the last 40 years, Ron himself has made large contributions to the understanding and advancement of the complicated methanol spectrum from pure rotation to vibration-torsion-rotation interactions. His energy maps constructed from observed transitions are continuously evolving and represent one of the most comprehensive and valuable high resolution methanol databases for a variety of applications.
Authors: Pearson J. C. , Brauer C. S. , Drouin Brian J. , Xu Li-Hong 
Published: September 2009

The rotational spectrum of methanol in its third excited torsional state, vt = 3, as well as the K = 0 A-state of vt = 4, has been recorded and analyzed in the 8–1654 GHz frequency range. The vt = 3 state lies well above the top of the torsional barrier and the majority of the energy origins for the various K sub-bands lie below the C-O stretching fundamental vibration. Only the a-type R-branch spectrum was observed in this frequency range, suggesting that the near torsional degeneracy required for a b-type spectrum in the microwave accidentally reduces the torsional overlap, making these transitions very weak. The A-state K = 4 of vt = 3 interaction with the C-O stretch torsional ground state K = 0+ and K = 1+ has been accounted for. The E-state K = –5 level could be fit directly with a power series in spite of its resonance with the C-O stretch torsional ground state K = –5 level. The aR-branch of the K = 0 A-state vt = 4 sub-band is also provided and the origin of this band resonance with the C-O stretch is discussed. The data have been modeled with a power series to near experimental accuracy. The measured and calculated spectrum should facilitate radio astronomical assignments of vt = 3 transitions in hot sources.
Application of the 3-PGS model to assess carbon accumulation in forest ecosystems at a regional level
Authors: Nolè A. , Law B. E. , Magnani F. , Matteucci G. , Ferrara A. , Ripullone F. , Borghetti M. 
Published: September 2009

In this study we assessed carbon sequestration by Italian forest ecosystems at a regional level. We applied a monthly time-step process-based model (3-PGS), coupled with a modified soil respiration model, to predict both gross primary production (GPP3-PGS) and net ecosystem production (NEP3-PGS). To evaluate the general reliability of model estimates, we compared, at five different forest sites, monthly and annual GPP3-PGS, NEP3-PGS, and predicted total ecosystem respiration (TER3-PGS) with averages of monthly and annual eddy covariance (EC) measures of GPPEC, NEPEC, and TEREC. A strong correlation was found between annual GPP3-PGSand annual GPPEC(r2= 0.77, RMSE = 1.28 Mg C·ha–1·year–1), and monthly (r2= 0.85, RMSE = 35 g C·m–2·month–1), as well as between NEP3-PGSand annual NEPEC(r2= 0.76, RMSE = 0.21 Mg C·ha–1·year–1), and monthly (r2= 0.78, RMSE = 18 g C·m–2·month–1). The TER3-PGSalso showed a high correlation with annual TEREC(r2= 0.93). Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis showed that GPP3-PGSwas highly sensitive to the satellite greenness index (normalized difference of vegetation index) and to the vapor pressure deficit. With general confidence in the models, we established a 30 year average meteorological grid of 8 km × 8 km resolution across Italy and created a map representing annual NEP3-PGSacross Italian forests, based on the remotely sensed CORINE Land Cover forest classification.
Logging-residue extraction does not reduce the diversity of litter-layer saprotrophic fungi in three Swedish coniferous stands after 25 years
Authors: Allmér Johan , Stenlid Jan , Dahlberg Anders 
Published: September 2009

Logging residues, consisting of branches and treetops, are increasingly being extracted for biofuel purposes in Fennoscandia, thereby decreasing the availability of fine woody debris (FWD). Little is known about the importance of FWD and litter to fungal diversity, although they constitute the major components of dead organic matter in both managed and natural forests. We investigated the long-term effects of removing logging residue on the saprotrophic fungi community in the litter layer by using an experiment established 25 years ago, comprising stands with and without removal of clear-cut slash. The fungal communities were identified using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism from standardized baits of wood and needles left in the litter layer for 30 months. A total of 74 fungal taxa were recorded. No differences in species richness or frequency of abundant species were detected between the stands with and without slash removal, suggesting that the extraction of logging residues has a negligible long-term impact on abundant saprotrophic fungi. Twenty-five of the 36 abundant species colonized wood and needles indiscriminately, while 10 species occurred exclusively on wood or needles and only one species mainly on wood. The importance of litter to certain wood-inhabiting fungi may therefore be underrated. The frequent records of Trichaptum abietinum (Dicks.) Ryvarden indicate that wood-inhabiting species may, surprisingly, be found in the litter layer.
HIV Infection as a Risk Factor for Cervical Cancer and Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Senegal
Authors: Holmes Rebecca S. , Hawes Stephen E. , Touré Papa , Dem Ahmadou , Feng Qinghua , Weiss Noel S. , Kiviat Nancy B. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of cancer mortality in women worldwide, and the leading cause in Africa. There is uncertainty in the role of HIV infection as a risk factor for invasive and preinvasive cervical lesions, particularly in African populations. In a case-control study in Dakar, Senegal, we studied 150 women with invasive cervical cancer (ICC), 92 with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 or 3, 70 with CIN 1, and 515 control women. We used logistic regression analysis to estimate associations between HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection and the risk of cervical neoplasia. We found large increases in the risk of ICC and CIN 2-3, but not of CIN 1, associated with the presence of either HIV-1 or HIV-2 infection (odds ratios of 6.5 and 10.4 for ICC and CIN 2-3). Our analysis thus shows increases in the risk of both advanced and early cervical pathology associated with HIV infection in an African population. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(9):2442–6)
Are Racial Disparities in Pancreatic Cancer Explained by Smoking and Overweight/Obesity?
Authors: Arnold Lauren D. , Patel Alpa V. , Yan Yan , Jacobs Eric J. , Thun Michael J. , Calle Eugenia E. , Colditz Graham A. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Between 2001 and 2005, Blacks from the United States experienced a 32% higher pancreatic cancer death rate than Whites. Smoking, diabetes, and family history might explain some of this disparity, but prospective analyses are warranted. From 1984 to 2004, there were 6,243 pancreatic cancer deaths among Blacks (n = 48,525) and Whites (n = 1,011,864) in the Cancer Prevention Study II cohort. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models yielded hazards ratios (HR) for known and suspected risk factors. Population attributable risks were computed and their effect on age-standardized mortality rates were evaluated. Blacks in this cohort had a 42% increased risk of pancreatic cancer mortality compared with Whites (HR, 1.42; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.28-1.58). Current smoking increased risk by &gt;60% in both races; although Blacks smoked less intensely, risks were similar to Whites (HRBlack, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.28-2.18; HRWhite, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.7-1.95). Obesity was significantly associated with pancreatic cancer mortality in Black men (HR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.05-2.63), White men (HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.25-1.60), and White women (HR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.22-1.54); results were null in Black women. The population attributable risk due to smoking, family history, diabetes, cholecystectomy, and overweight/obesity was 24.3% in Whites and 21.8% in Blacks. Smoking and overweight/obesity play a substantial a role in pancreatic cancer. Variation in the effect of these factors underscores the need to evaluate disease on the race-sex level. The inability to attribute excess disease in Blacks to currently known risk factors, even when combined with suspected risks, points to yet undetermined factors that play a role in the disease process. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(9):2397–405)
Vitamin D Related Genes,CYP24A1andCYP27B1,and Colon Cancer Risk
Authors: Dong Linda M. , Ulrich Cornelia M. , Hsu Li , Duggan David J. , Benitez Debbie S. , White Emily , Slattery Martha L. , Farin Fred M. , Makar Karen W. , Carlson Christopher S. , Caan Bette J. , Potter John D. , Peters Ulrike 
Published: September 2009

AbstractGenetic association studies investigating the role of vitamin D in colon cancer have primarily focused on the vitamin D receptor (VDR), with limited data available for other genes in the vitamin D pathway, including vitamin D activating enzyme 1-α hydroxylase (CYP27B1) and vitamin D deactivating enzyme 24-α hydroxylase (CYP24A1). We evaluated whether 12 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in CYP24A1, identified by resequencing the gene in 32 Caucasian samples, and 1 SNP in CYP27B1 were associated with colon cancer risk. In addition, we evaluated whether these two genes modify associations between colon cancer on the one hand and total vitamin D intake and UV-weighted sun exposure on the other, as well as other variants in VDR. Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association between polymorphisms and haplotypes in CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 in a multicenter population-based case-control study of 1,600 cases and 1,949 controls. The CYP24A1 polymorphism IVS4-66T &gt; G showed a statistically significant association with risk of colon cancer overall, particularly for proximal colon cancer. When stratified by anatomic site, we also found statistically significant associations for three CYP24A1 polymorphisms with risk of distal colon cancer (IVS4 + 1653C &gt; T: OR for CT/TT versus CC, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.68-0.96; IVS9 + 198T &gt; C: OR for CC versus TT, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.03-1.73; and within whites only: +4125bp 3′ of STPC &gt; G: OR for GG versus CC, 1.44; 95% CI, 1-2.05). In addition, a possible interaction between CYP27B1 and UV-weighted sun exposure with proximal colon cancer was observed. As this is the first study to evaluate these genes in relation to colon cancer, additional studies are needed to confirm these results. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(9):2540–8)
Relationship of Body Mass, Height, and Weight Gain to Prostate Cancer Risk in the Multiethnic Cohort
Authors: Hernandez Brenda Y. , Park Song-Yi , Wilkens Lynne R. , Henderson Brian E. , Kolonel Laurence N. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
We investigated the relationship of body size and prostate cancer risk in the Multiethnic Cohort, a longitudinal study of individuals ages 45 to 75 in Hawaii and in California. Self-reported measures of height and weight were obtained at baseline. Of 83,879 men enrolled from 1993 to 1996, a total of 5,554 were diagnosed with prostate cancer during an average of 9.6 years of follow-up. The influence of baseline weight and weight change since age 21 varied by ethnic group. Whites gaining more than 10 lbs had a nonlinear, increased risk of advanced and high-grade prostate cancer [relative risks (RR), 2.12; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.19-3.78 for 25-39.9 lbs; P trend 0.43; and RR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.04-2.14, for ≥40 lbs; P trend 0.20, respectively]. African American men gaining 40 lbs or more (relative to &lt;10 lbs) had a nonmonotonic, increased risk of localized prostate cancers (RR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.02-1.54; P trend 0.09) and those who gained 25 lbs or more were at increased risk of low-grade disease (RR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.03-1.58, for ≥40 versus 10 lbs, respectively; P trend 0.07). Japanese men had a statistically significant, inverse association of weight gain and localized disease (RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.65-0.99 for ≥40 versus 10 lbs; P trend 0.05). Our findings provide evidence that adiposity and changes in adiposity between younger and older adulthood influence the development of prostate cancer. Ethnic differences in risk may be explained by variation in the distribution of accumulated body fat that could differentially affect prostate carcinogenesis.(Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(9):2413–21)