bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Post‐Dural Puncture Headache With Bilateral Greater Occipital Nerve Block
Authors: Akin Takmaz Suna , Ünal Kantekin Ciğdem , Kaymak Çetin , Başar Hülya 
Published: March 2010

(Headache 2010;50:869‐881)Epidural blood patch is an effective treatment with a low complication rate. It is also an invasive method that can cause permanent neurological sequelae such as early and late back pain, radiculopathy, spinal‐subdural hematoma, spinal‐epiarachnoid hematoma, intrathecal hematoma, arachnoiditis, and infection. We report a case in which a postdural puncture headache resolved within 2 minutes of a greater occipital nerve block, a minimally invasive and easy procedure with a low complication rate. This case report suggests that a greater occipital nerve block may be a successful alternative treatment for patients with post‐dural puncture headache.
Episodic Cluster Headache: NREM Prevalence of Nocturnal Attacks. Time to Look Beyond Macrostructural Analysis?
Authors: Terzaghi Michele , Ghiotto Natascia , Sances Grazia , Rustioni Valter , Nappi Giuseppe , Manni Raffaele 
Published: March 2010

(Headache 2010;50:1050‐1054)Background.— A high prevalence of nocturnal sleep‐related attacks is reported in patients with cluster headache (CH). Episodic CH is considered closely related to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.Objective.— The aim of this study was to analyze the relationships between episodic CH attacks and sleep macrostructure.Methods.— Data were obtained by means of 24‐hour continuous ambulatory polysomnography (PSG) capturing CH attacks in 4 out of 7 episodic CH patients (all males; mean age 38.4 ± 9.2 years) studied.Results.— Eight CH attacks were captured during the PSG monitoring; 5 arose from sleep: 4 from non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep (stage 2 NREM), and 1 from REM sleep. One patient experienced CH attacks during both NREM and REM sleep in the same night.Conclusions.— In the light of previous literature findings, the prevalence of NREM‐related episodic CH attacks observed, and the finding of attacks arising during both REM and NREM sleep in the same subject, suggest that the relationship between CH and sleep stages is heterogeneous, and the existence of a specific macrostructural pattern associated with episodic CH attacks appears to be uncertain. A more comprehensive approach taking into account the microstructure of NREM and REM sleep is expected to provide more in depth information about the pathophysiology of CH, whose complexity might overcome the simplistic dichotomy of REM/NREM staging.
TELOCYTES – a case of serendipity: the winding way from Interstitial Cells of Cajal (ICC), via Interstitial Cajal‐Like Cells (ICLC) to TELOCYTES
Authors: Popescu L. M. , Faussone‐Pellegrini Maria‐Simonetta 
Published: March 2010

AbstractRamon y Cajal discovered a particular cell type in the gut, which he named ‘interstitial neurons’ more that 100 years ago. In the early 1970s, electron microscopy/electron microscope (EM) studies showed that indeed a special interstitial cell type corresponding to the cells discovered by Cajal is localized in the gut muscle coat, but it became obvious that they were not neurons. Consequently, they were renamed ‘interstitial cells of Cajal’ (ICC) and considered to be pace‐makers for gut motility. For the past 10 years many groups were interested in whether or not ICC are present outside the gastrointestinal tract, and indeed, peculiar interstitial cells were found in: upper and lower urinary tracts, blood vessels, pancreas, male and female reproductive tracts, mammary gland, placenta, and, recently, in the heart as well as in the gut. Such cells, now mostly known as interstitial Cajal‐like cells (ICLC), were given different and confusing names. Moreover, ICLC are only apparently similar to canonical ICC. In fact, EM and cell cultures revealed very particular features of ICLC, which unequivocally distinguishes them from ICC and all other interstitial cells: the presence of 2–5 cell body prolongations that are very thin (less than 0.2 μm, under resolving power of light microscopy), extremely long (tens to hundreds of μm), with a moniliform aspect (many dilations along), as well as caveolae. Given the unique dimensions of these prolongations (very long and very thin) and to avoid further confusion with other interstitial cell types (e.g. fibroblast, fibrocyte, fibroblast‐like cells, mesenchymal cells), we are proposing the term TELOCYTES for them, and TELOPODES for their prolongations, by using the Greek affix ‘telos’.
Assessing the level of agreement between the self‐ and interview‐administered Child‐OIDP
Authors: Rosel Eva , Tsakos Georgios , Bernabé Eduardo , Sheiham Aubrey , Bravo Manuel 
Published: March 2010

Rosel E, Tsakos G, Bernabé E, Sheiham A, Bravo M. Assessing the level of agreement between the self‐ and interview‐administered Child‐OIDP. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010; 38: 340–347. © John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract – Objective: To assess the level of agreement between the self‐ and interviewer‐administered Child version of the Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (Child‐OIDP) index.Methods: This was a randomised study in 177 children aged 10–13 years from Granada (Spain). All children completed both administration modes of the Child‐OIDP; half the sample received the interviewer‐administered version first (n = 90), and the other half the self‐administered version first (n = 87). This was done to address potential order effects due to the sequential administration of both instruments. The level of agreement between both modes of administration was assessed with the Bland and Altman method for the Child‐OIDP score and Kappa for the prevalence of oral impacts.Results: The two groups did not differ in their socio‐demographic characteristics or self‐perceived oral health measures. No order effects were found. There was no significant difference between the two modes of administration in terms of the overall score and prevalence of oral impacts (P ≥ 0.784 in both cases). The mean difference in Child‐OIDP scores was 0.03 (95% CI = −0.29 to 0.35) and the 95% limits of agreement were −6.32 and 4.93. Kappa value for the prevalence of impacts was 0.92.Conclusions: The self‐ and interviewer‐administered Child‐OIDP had a high level of agreement, irrespectively of whether the overall score or the prevalence of oral impacts was used to describe children’s quality of life.
Why is there heterogeneity in the effect of dental checkups? Assessing cohort effect
Authors: Celeste Roger Keller , Nadanovsky Paulo 
Published: March 2010

Celeste RK, Nadanovsky P. Why is there heterogeneity in the effect of dental checkups? Assessing cohort effect. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010; 38: 191–196. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract –  Objectives:  To evaluate age as a potential effect modifier of the relation between frequency of dental check‐up and oral health.Methods:  Data from a Brazilian oral health survey carried out in 2002–2003 was obtained for three age groups: 15–19‐year‐old (n = 16411); 35–44‐year‐old (n = 13 269); and 65–74‐year‐old (n = 5 300). Individuals were examined by dentists and followed to an interview. Self‐reported time since last dental visit was measured as ‘less than 1 year’; ‘from 1 to 2 years’; ‘3 or more years’ or ‘never’. Outcomes modelled with negative binomial regression were DMFT index and DT, MT and FT.Results:  Visiting the dentist more recently was associated with fewer teeth with untreated dental caries (DT) and more teeth with fillings (FT) across all age groups. Among the 15–19‐year‐old, the longer the time since last visit the lower the DMFT and MT. On the other hand, among the 35–44 and the 65–74‐year‐old the longer the time since last dental visit the higher the DMFT and MT, though this trend reverted in the ‘never visited’ group.Conclusions:  Age modified the effect of dental visits on DMFT and MT. In younger cohorts, the low frequency of dental check‐up among those with good oral health may reflect the fact that these young people do not feel they need to go to the dentist very often, while in older cohorts, the current low frequency of dental check‐up associated with bad oral health may be a reflection of a lifetime of high disease incidence coupled with access barriers. Questions regarding the time and frequency of dental visits may capture different dimensions of utilization of dental services, and so pooled estimates are not appropriate. Our results may help explaining contrasting results in previously published studies.
Organizational Culture, Team Climate, and Quality Management in an Important Patient Safety Issue: Nosocomial Pressure Ulcers
Authors: Bosch Marije , Halfens Ruud J.G. , Weijden Trudy van der , Wensing Michel , Akkermans Reinier , Grol Richard 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT Background: Increasingly, policy reform in health care is discussed in terms of changing organizational culture, creating practice teams, and organizational quality management. Yet, the evidence for these suggested determinants of high‐quality care is inconsistent. Aims: To determine if the type of organizational culture (Competing Values Framework), team climate (Team Climate Inventory), and preventive pressure ulcer quality management at ward level were related to the prevalence of pressure ulcers. Also, we wanted to determine if the type of organizational culture, team climate, or the institutional quality management related to preventive quality management at the ward level. Methods: In this cross‐sectional observational study multivariate (logistic) regression analyses were performed, adjusting for potential confounders and institution‐level clustering. Data from 1,274 patients and 460 health care professionals in 37 general hospital wards and 67 nursing home wards in the Netherlands were analyzed. The main outcome measures were nosocomial pressure ulcers in patients at risk for pressure ulcers (Braden score ≤ 18) and preventive quality management at ward level. Results: No associations were found between organizational culture, team climate, or preventive quality management at the ward level and the prevalence of nosocomial pressure ulcers. Institutional quality management was positively correlated with preventive quality management at ward level (adj. β 0.32; p < 0.001). Conclusions and Implications: Although the prevalence of nosocomial pressure ulcers varied considerably across wards, it did not relate to organizational culture, team climate, or preventive quality management at the ward level. These results would therefore not subscribe the widely suggested importance of these factors in improving health care. However, different designs and research methods (that go beyond the cross‐sectional design) may be more informative in studying relations between such complex factors and outcomes in a more meaningful way.
THE DEVONIAN SUCCESSION IN NORTHERN NOVAYA ZEMLYA, ARCTIC RUSSIA: SEDIMENTOLOGY, PALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND HYDROCARBON OCCURRENCE
Authors: Guo Li , Schekoldin R. , Scott R. 
Published: March 2010

The Novaya Zemlya archipelago in Arctic Russia contains an Early Mesozoic fold‐and‐thrust belt that exposes a predominantly Palaeozoic succession. At a number of localities in northern Novaya Zemlya, Devonian carbonates within this succession contain solid bitumen.The Devonian succession was examined in two areas in northern Novaya Zemlya, one on the Barents Sea coast and one on the Kara Sea coast. On the Barents Sea coast, the Early Devonian succession comprises non‐marine and near‐shore marine siliciclastics which grade upward into shallow‐marine platform carbonates. These facies are succeeded by Middle Devonian deeper‐water mid‐outer shelf black mudstones and shales. The Late Devonian succession consists of early Frasnian continental conglomerates and sandstones, and middle‐Frasnian to Famennian shallow‐marine platform carbonates.On the Kara Sea coast, the entire Devonian succession is dominated by shallow‐marine carbonates, with deeper‐water carbonate turbidites and shales in the late Lochkovian, marine siliciclastics in the Eifelian and non‐marine sandstones in the early Frasnian.The Devonian palaeogeography of Novaya Zemlya is characterised by a deepwater slope‐basin in the centre and east, and a shallow‐marine carbonate platform in the south, west and north. Extensional tectonism influenced deposition of the Devonian succession, particularly during the late Givetian to early Frasnian.Solid bitumen is confined to carbonate facies and is most abundant in Early Devonian strata, occurring mainly within syn‐tectonic fractures and associated secondary pore systems. In the mature Timan‐Pechora Basin to the south of Novaya Zemlya, Devonian strata are an important element in the petroleum system; however, in the less‐explored deep basins of the eastern Barents Shelf to the west of Novaya Zemlya, equivalent Palaeozoic strata are generally deeply buried beneath younger successions. Information from Novaya Zemlya therefore provides an important insight into the likely nature of successions and petroleum systems offshore.
Fibre types in skeletal muscle: a personal account
Authors: Schiaffino S. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMuscle performance is in part dictated by muscle fibre composition and a precise understanding of the genetic and acquired factors that determine the fibre type profile is important in sport science, but is also relevant to neuromuscular diseases and to metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes. The dissection of the signalling pathways that determine or modulate the muscle fibre phenotype has thus potential clinical significance. In this brief review, I examine the evolution of the notion of muscle fibre types, discuss some aspects related to species differences, point at problems in the interpretation of transgenic and knockout models and show how in vivo transfection can be used to identify regulatory factors involved in fibre type diversification, focusing on the calcineurin‐nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) pathway.
Toward a Reasoned Judicial Decision
Authors: Broiles R. David 
Published: March 2010

A review‐article of Julius Stone, Legal System and Lawyers' Reasonings, Stanford, University PressHerbert Wechsler, Principles, Politics and Fundamental Law, Harvard University PressH. L. A. Hart, The Concept of Law, Oxford University PressRichard A. Wasserstrom, The Judicial Decision, Toward a Theory of Legal Justification, Stanford University PressJudith N. Shklar, Legalism, Harvard University Press
Philosophies in America
Authors: Reck Andrew J. 
Published: March 2010

A review‐article of Loren Baritz, City On a Hill, A History of Ideas and Myths in America, John Wiley and SonsC. Wright Mills, Sociology and Pragmatism, Paine‐Whitman PublishersRoderick M. Chisholm, Herbert Feigl, William K. Frankena, John Passmore, Manley Thompson, Philosophy, Prentice‐HallMax Black, Philosophy in America, Cornell University Press
CIRCULARITY AND INCONSISTENCY IN KUHN'S DEFENSE OF HIS RELATIVISM
Authors: III Harmon R. Holcomb 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFor more than a century, it has been a standard ploy to argue against relativism on the grounds of self‐referential incoherence (e.g., “if the relativists say that beliefs have no objective validity then that belief itself has none,” etc.). This paper determines the particular form this sort of charge takes when applied to a problematic passage in which Kuhn defends his relativistic theory of science by applying that theory to the debate between his critics and himself. If Kuhn were to give up relativism with respect to facts and truth but retain it with respect to the strength of reasons, a pair of dilemmas charging circularity and inconsistency could be circumvented.
SPLIT‐BRAINS AND SINGULAR PERSONHOOD
Authors: Greenwood John D. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this paper it is argued that the experimental data on commissurotomy patients provide no grounds for denying the singular personhood of commissurotomy patients. This is because, contrary to most philosophical accounts, there is no “unity of consciousness” discriminating condition for singular personhood that is violated in the case of commissurotomy patients, and because no contradictions arise when singular personhood is ascribed to commissurotomy patients.
Role of an Expanded Inositol Transporter Repertoire in Cryptococcus neoformans Sexual Reproduction and Virulence
Authors: Xue Chaoyang , Liu Tongbao , Chen Lydia , Li Wenjun , Liu Iris , Kronstad James W. , Seyfang Andreas , Heitman Joseph 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT

Cryptococcus neoformans
and
Cryptococcus gattii
are globally distributed human fungal pathogens and the leading causes of fungal meningitis. Recent studies reveal that
myo
-inositol is an important factor for fungal sexual reproduction. That
C. neoformans
can utilize
myo
-inositol as a sole carbon source and the existence of abundant inositol in the human central nervous system suggest that inositol is important for
Cryptococcus
development and virulence. In accord with this central importance of inositol, an expanded
myo
-inositol transporter (
ITR
) gene family has been identified in
Cryptococcus
. This gene family contains two phylogenetically distinct groups, with a total of 10 or more members in
C. neoformans
and at least six members in the sibling species
C. gattii
. These inositol transporter genes are differentially expressed under inositol-inducing conditions based on quantitative real-time PCR analyses. Expression of
ITR
genes in a
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
itr1 itr2
mutant lacking inositol transport can complement the slow-growth phenotype of this strain, confirming that
ITR
genes are
bona fide
inositol transporters. Gene mutagenesis studies reveal that the Itr1 and Itr1A transporters are important for
myo
-inositol stimulation of mating and that functional redundancies among the
myo
-inositol transporters likely exist. Deletion of the inositol 1-phosphate synthase gene
INO1
in an
itr1
or
itr1a
mutant background compromised virulence in a murine inhalation model, indicating the importance of inositol sensing and acquisition for fungal infectivity. Our study provides a platform for further understanding the roles of inositol in fungal physiology and virulence.

IMPORTANCE
Cryptococcus neoformans
is an AIDS-associated human fungal pathogen that causes over 1 million cases of meningitis annually and is the leading cause of fungal meningitis in immunosuppressed patients. The initial cryptococcal infection is caused predominantly via inhalation of sexual spores or desiccated yeast cells from the environment. How this fungus completes its sexual cycle and produces infectious spores in nature and why it frequently infects the central nervous system to cause fatal meningitis are critical questions that remain to be understood. In this study, we demonstrate that inositol acquisition is important not only for fungal sexual reproduction but also for fungal virulence. We identified an expanded inositol transporter gene family that contains over 10 members, important for both fungal sexual reproduction and virulence. Our work contributes to our understanding of how fungi respond to the environmental inositol availability and its impact on sexual reproduction and virulence.
How does a tree species influence litter decomposition? Separating the relative contribution of litter quality, litter mixing, and forest floor conditions
Authors: Laganière Jérôme , Paré David , Bradley Robert L. 
Published: March 2010

Litter quality is often considered the main driver of decomposition rate. The objective of this study was to investigate the relative contribution of two other tree-driven mechanisms, litter mixing and forest floor conditions, to foliar litter decomposition and nutrient dynamics for trembling aspen ( Populus tremuloides Michx.) and black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) using a microcosm approach. Results based on mixed linear models show that the greater influence over these processes was obtained through litter quality followed by forest floor conditions and litter mixing. Specifically, the results indicate that significantly more C and nutrients were mineralized (i) from aspen than from spruce litter, (ii) from spruce litter in mixture with aspen litter than from spruce litter applied singly, and (iii) from litter incubated on forest floor from the aspen stand rather than from the spruce stand, except for nutrients in the spruce litter. Collectively, our results show that the litter and forest floor material from aspen both favour decomposition and nutrient mineralization processes. Hence, we provide evidence that the effect of tree species on litter decomposition may not only be caused by the properties of its litter but also, indirectly, by the specific conditions and the decomposer community that tree species develop in their forest floor.
Age-related patterns of forest complexity and carbon storage in pine and aspen–birch ecosystems of northern Minnesota, USA
Authors: Bradford John B. , Kastendick Douglas N. 
Published: March 2010

Forest managers are seeking strategies to create stands that can adapt to new climatic conditions and simultaneously help mitigate increases in atmospheric CO2. Adaptation strategies often focus on enhancing resilience by maximizing forest complexity in terms of species composition and size structure, while mitigation involves sustaining carbon storage and sequestration. Altered stand age is a fundamental consequence of forest management, and stand age is a powerful predictor of ecosystem structure and function in even-aged stands. However, the relationship between stand age and either complexity or carbon storage and sequestration, especially trade-offs between the two, are not well characterized. We quantified these relationships in clearcut-origin, unmanaged pine and aspen chronosequences ranging from <10 to >130 years in northern Minnesota. Complexity generally increased with age, although compositional complexity changed more over time in aspen forests and structural complexity changed more over time in pine stands. Although individual carbon pools displayed various relationships with stand age, total carbon storage increased with age, whereas carbon sequestration, inferred from changes in storage, decreased sharply with age. These results illustrate the carbon and complexity consequences of varying forest harvest rotation length to favor younger or older forests and provide insight into trade-offs between these potentially conflicting management objectives.
Identification protocol for sixArmillariaspecies from northeastern North America
Authors: McLaughlin J. A. , Hsiang T. 
Published: March 2010

DNA sequences (~3 kb long) extending from the intergenic spacer 1 (IGS1) region to the 18S gene were obtained for isolates of Armillaria ostoyae , Armillaria calvescens , Armillaria gallica , and Armillaria sinapina . Additional investigation of 16 A. ostoyae, 11 Armillaria gemina , 21 A. calvescens, 18 A. gallica, and 15 A. sinapina isolates produced 117 sequences spanning the 3′ end of the IGS1 through the 5S gene and into the 5′ end of the IGS2 region. Additional sequences spanning the 3′ IGS2 to 5′ 18S gene region were obtained for two A. ostoyae, three A. gemina, two A. calvescens, two A. gallica, and three A. sinapina isolates. This is the first report of complete IGS2 sequences from Armillaria spp. A species identification protocol involving species-specific primers and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was devised based on species-specific polymorphisms. The protocol successfully identified all 16 A. ostoyae, 11 A. gemina, three of three Armillaria mellea , 18 A. gallica, 14 of 15 A. sinapina (11/12 diploid and 3/3 haploid), and 14 of 21 A. calvescens (13/15 diploid and 1/6 haploid) isolates included in this study. To the best of our knowledge, this success rate has not been matched by other methods.