bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimizing environmental impacts of grassland weed management: can Cirsium arvense be controlled without herbicides?
Authors: Pywell R. F. , Hayes M. J. , Tallowin J. B. , Walker K. J. , Meek W. R. , Carvell C. , Warman L. A. , Bullock J. M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractInvasion by undesirable plants, such as Cirsium arvense, can constrain attempts to conserve and restore biodiversity in extensively managed temperate grasslands, but control with herbicides can cause environmental harm. We contrasted herbicides with more environmentally sustainable weed control strategies. Six‐year, large‐scale randomized block experiments were established to determine optimum combinations of grazing management and mechanical or herbicide treatments to control thistles within lowland and upland grazing systems. Factorial combinations of tight vs. lenient grazing in spring and autumn with additional treatments of winter grazing were compared. Thistle control methods were applied in sub‐treatments for the first 2 years: cutting twice yearly, herbicide wiping, and cutting followed by herbicide application. Thistle abundance decreased under lenient grazing in spring, autumn and winter at the lowland site, under lenient spring and winter grazing in the uplands and under cattle compared with sheep grazing. Herbicide wiping was the most effective control measure and cutting the least, but effects of all weed control sub‐treatments were lost rapidly, so lenient grazing was sufficient to give long‐term thistle control. Lenient grazing and herbicide wiping also caused small declines in non‐target forb diversity. Control of creeping thistle can therefore be achieved without herbicides because lenient grazing in spring and autumn can decrease thistle populations to sufficiently low levels. Severe infestations can be more rapidly controlled using herbicides, but are better avoided at botanically diverse sites. Ecologically‐based weed control strategies have great potential, but require well designed field experiments, which run for sufficiently long periods to allow community‐level impacts to develop.
Fixed‐dose combination therapies in the management of hyperglycaemia in Type 2 diabetes: an opportunity to improve adherence and patient care
Authors: Schernthaner G. 
Published: April 2010

Diabet. Med. 27, 739–743 (2010)AbstractThe medication‐taking behaviour of patients may be key to avoiding the serious long‐term micro‐ and macrovascular complications of Type 2 diabetes. However, the polypharmacy often required to achieve good metabolic control can be a significant barrier to adequate adherence. Reducing treatment complexity can be achieved through the use of single‐tablet fixed‐dose combinations of two oral hypoglycaemic agents. Studies to date suggest that this approach can significantly improve adherence over separate tablet dual therapy and has the potential to improve metabolic and clinical outcomes. A range of fixed‐dose combination oral hypoglycaemic agents in several different dosage strengths are available and the strategies for optimal implementation of these options continue to evolve. This article describes the extent and consequences of poor adherence to oral hypoglycaemic agents in Type 2 diabetes and discusses the potential contribution of fixed‐dose combinations to the provision of improved care.
Consumer Expenditures and Home Production at Retirement – New Evidence from Germany
Authors: Lührmann Melanie 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis paper investigates consumer expenditures of German households pre- and post-retirement. The widely observed distinct drop in spending upon retirement entry poses an empirical puzzle since life cycle theory predicts smoothing of the marginal utility of consumption over time. As one explanation, I explore the role of home production as a substitute for consumer expenses. Taking a combined look at consumer expenditures and time use pre- and post-retirement, I find a significant drop of about 17% of pre-retirement expenses at retirement which coincides with an increase in time spent on home production of an additional 89 minutes per day, accounting for 21% of average home production.
Expression and signaling of novel IL15Rα splicing variants in cerebral endothelial cells of the blood‐brain barrier
Authors: Wu Xiaojun , Pan Weihong , Stone Kirsten P. , Zhang Yan , Hsuchou Hung , Kastin Abba J. 
Published: April 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 114, 122–129.AbstractInterleukin (IL)‐15 and its receptors in cerebral microvascular endothelial cells play an important role in mediating neuroinflammatory signaling across the blood‐brain barrier. Although alternative splice variants of IL15Rα (the specific receptor) are seen in immune cells, the presence and functions of splice variants have not been studied in the cerebral endothelia that compose the blood‐brain barrier. In this study, we identified five splice variants from mouse cerebral capillaries by RT‐PCR, cloning, and DNA sequencing, and performed domain analysis. Four of these isoforms have never been described in any tissue. All isoforms were detected by qPCR in enriched mouse cerebral microvessels and their expression was increased by tumor necrosis factor treatment in vivo. To determine their functions, plasmids encoding individual isoforms were transfected into RBE4 cerebral endothelial cells. All of these predicted alkalinic proteins were expressed and most showed post‐translational modifications. There were variations in their subcellular distribution. Only the full length IL15Rα and to a lesser degree isoform α1 were trafficked to the cell surface 24 h after over‐expression. As shown by a luciferase reporter for signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)‐3, over‐expression of isoforms α2 and α4 reduced basal STAT3 activation. In comparison with the control, over‐expression of the full length IL15Rα had a greater effect in increasing IL15‐induced STAT3 transactivation than other isoforms. The results show that IL15 signaling in cerebral endothelia is probably an orchestrated effect of all IL15Rα splice variants that determine the eventual outcome by differential regulation.
Communication as negotiation processes in long‐term physiotherapy: a qualitative study
Authors: Øien Aud Marie , Steihaug Sissel , Iversen Synnøve , Råheim Målfrid 
Published: April 2010

Scand J Caring Sci; 2011; 25; 53–61

Communication as negotiation processes in long‐term physiotherapy: a qualitative study Purpose:  The purpose of this study was to describe communicative patterns about change in demanding physiotherapy treatment situations.Methods:  A multiple case study of eleven treatment courses was carried out, based on in‐depth individual interviews, focus group interview, personal notes and repeated video‐recordings. To compare communication within and over sessions, a two‐step procedure was applied: identification of communication patterns and detailed analysis of selected dialogues from video‐recorded sequences.Findings:  One main communicative pattern was identified: Seeking for common ground – demanding negotiating process. This pattern was interrupted by short episodes of two types of challenges; the pattern of ambivalence and uncertainty, and the pattern of impatience and disagreement. Communication between the participants appeared as a demanding and complex process of negotiations during the treatment processes. The physiotherapists’ sensitivity of and ability to negotiate the tasks, the emotions related to tasks and the nature of the relationships, seemed to facilitate change. The patients’ and the physiotherapists’ capacity to bear and come through demanding situations created new ways of interaction.Conclusion:  The demanding situations may generate a potential for the development and the improvement of treatment outcomes. Understanding such episodes as open and dynamic, in contrast to defining the patient as demanding, suggests a useful perspective for treatment.
Factors associated with nonbenzodiazepine antiepileptic drug intoxication: Analysis of 9,809 registered cases of drug poisoning
Authors: Hassanian‐Moghaddam Hossein , Zarei Mohammad‐Reza , Kargar Mona , Sarjami Saeedeh , Rasouli Mohammad R. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryPurpose:  Antiepileptic drug (AED) intoxications are common due in part to wide clinical application and availability. Because AEDs usually depress central nervous system function, overdosing may be potentially life‐threatening or lead to a range of adverse outcomes. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for nonbenzodiazepine AED (NBAED) intoxication.Methods:  In this cross‐sectional study, all consecutive adult and adolescent (>12 years old) poisoned patients who presented to the Loghman‐Hakim Poison Hospital (LHPH) during a 6‐month period were evaluated. Patients with NBAED intoxication were identified and compared to a control group of those other pharmaceutical intoxications. The risk factors for AED intoxication were identified using univariate analyses and multivariate modeling.Results:  Among 9,809 cases of pharmaceutical agent overdose, there were 474 cases (4.8%) with NBAED intoxication. Mean age of the subjects was 24.5 ± 8.9 years. The most frequent NBAED was carbamazepine (n = 117), followed by phenobarbital (n = 77) and sodium valproate (n = 51). The most frequent motivation was intentional intoxication (95.3%). Multivariate analysis revealed that presence of medical disorders, a history of psychological events, and loneliness were associated with AED intoxication, whereas educational level had a protective effect. There was no association between previous history of parasuicide, sex, age, occupation status, and AED intoxication.Discussion:  In conclusion, this study showed that the majority of AED intoxications are due to deliberate self poisoning. The presence of psychological events, medical disorders, and loneliness are risk factors for AED intoxication, whereas higher education level has a protective effect.
Increased seizure severity and seizure‐related death in mice lacking HCN1 channels
Authors: Santoro Bina , Lee Janet Y. , Englot Dario J. , Gildersleeve Sandra , Piskorowski Rebecca A. , Siegelbaum Steven A. , Winawer Melodie R. , Blumenfeld Hal 
Published: April 2010

SummaryPersistent down‐regulation in the expression of the hyperpolarization‐activated HCN1 cation channel, a key determinant of intrinsic neuronal excitability, has been observed in febrile seizure, temporal lobe epilepsy, and generalized epilepsy animal models, as well as in patients with epilepsy. However, the role and importance of HCN1 down‐regulation for seizure activity is unclear. To address this question we determined the susceptibility of mice with either a general or forebrain‐restricted deletion of HCN1 to limbic seizure induction by amygdala kindling or pilocarpine administration. Loss of HCN1 expression in both mouse lines is associated with higher seizure severity and higher seizure‐related mortality, independent of the seizure‐induction method used. Therefore, down‐regulation of HCN1 associated with human epilepsy and rodent models may be a contributing factor in seizure behavior.
Deletions in 16p13 including GRIN2A in patients with intellectual disability, various dysmorphic features, and seizure disorders of the rolandic region
Authors: Reutlinger Constanze , Helbig Ingo , Gawelczyk Barbara , Subero Jose Ignacio Martin , Tönnies Holger , Muhle Hiltrud , Finsterwalder Katrin , Vermeer Sascha , Pfundt Rolph , Sperner Jürgen , Stefanova Irina , Gillessen‐Kaesbach Gabriele , Von Spiczak Sarah , Van Baalen Andreas , Boor Rainer , Siebert Reiner , Stephani Ulrich , Caliebe Almuth 
Published: April 2010

SummarySeizure disorders of the rolandic region comprise a spectrum of different epilepsy syndromes ranging from benign rolandic epilepsy to more severe seizure disorders including atypical benign partial epilepsy/pseudo‐Lennox syndrome, electrical status epilepticus during sleep, and Landau‐Kleffner syndrome. Centrotemporal spikes are the unifying electroencephalographic hallmark of these benign focal epilepsies, indicating a pathophysiologic relationship between the various epilepsies arising from the rolandic region. The etiology of these epilepsies is elusive, but a genetic component is assumed given the heritability of the characteristic electrographic trait. Herein we report on three patients with intellectual disability, various dysmorphic features, and epilepsies involving the rolandic region, carrying previously undescribed deletions in 16p13. The only gene located in the critical region shared by all three patients is GRIN2A coding for the alpha‐2 subunit of the neuronal N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor.
Sensory Processing and Adaptive Behavior Deficits of Children Across the Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Continuum
Authors: Carr Joshua L. , Agnihotri Sabrina , Keightley Michelle 
Published: April 2010

Background:  Prenatal alcohol exposure can have detrimental effects on a child’s development of adaptive behaviors necessary for success in the areas of academic achievement, socialization, and self‐care. Sensory processing abilities have been found to affect a child’s ability to successfully perform adaptive behaviors. The current study explored whether significant differences in sensory processing abilities, adaptive behavior, and neurocognitive functioning are observed between children diagnosed with partial Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (pFAS), Alcohol‐Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ARND), or children who were prenatally exposed to alcohol (PEA), but did not meet criteria for an FASD diagnosis. The influence of IQ on adaptive behavior as well as further exploration of the relationship between sensory processing and adaptive behavior deficits among these children was also examined.Methods:  A secondary analysis was conducted on some of the Short Sensory Profile (SSP) scores, Adaptive Behavior Assessment System—Second Edition (ABAS‐II) scores, and Wechsler Intelligence Scale—Fourth Edition/Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence—Third Edition (WISC‐ IV/WPPSI—III) scores of 46 children between 3 and 14 years of age with pFAS, ARND, or who were PEA.Results:  Greater sensory processing deficits were found in children with a diagnosis of pFAS and ARND compared to those in the PEA group. Children with an ARND diagnosis scored significantly worse on measures of adaptive behavior than the PEA group. Children with pFAS scored significantly lower than children with ARND or PEA on perceptual/performance IQ. No correlation was found between IQ scores and adaptive behaviors across the FASD diagnostic categories. A significant positive correlation was found between SSP and ABAS‐II scores.Conclusions:  Regardless of the diagnosis received under the FASD umbrella, functional difficulties that could not be observed using traditional measures of intelligence were found, supporting guidelines that a broad range of standardized assessments be included when screening children for FASD.
The United Kingdom's Fossil Resource Consumption Between 1968 and 2000
Authors: Papathanasopoulou Eleni , Jackson Tim 
Published: April 2010

SummaryThis article presents the trends of two indicators measuring fossil resource consumption in the United Kingdom (UK). First, a domestic material consumption (DMC) indicator for fossil resources (DMCfossil) in the mass unit million tonnes is calculated. DMCfossil shows that between 1970 and 2000 UK fossil resource consumption decreased by 10%, which suggests absolute dematerialization for this resource. Investigation into the mix of fossil resources during this period highlighted the shift from the heavy fossil resource coal to the lighter, more energy‐dense natural gas, which resulted in decreased mass of resource required. Second, an alternative indicator, resource consumption by a nation (RCN) for fossil resources (RCNfossil) was calculated, which includes the indirect fossil resources attributable to traded goods and is measured in million tonnes of oil equivalent. RCNfossil shows that between 1970 and 2000 United Kingdom's fossil resource consumption increased by 14%, which emphasizes that even though there has been a decrease in the mass of fossil resources demanded, it has been accompanied by an increase in the volume of resource consumed. Additionally, deconstruction of RCNfossil shows that indirectly used resources attributable to exports and imports for the United Kingdom are significant. RCNfossil indicates that on the basis of past trends, fossil resources attributable to UK imports will overtake fossil resources attributable to its exports, which will make it dependent on imported resources. We conclude that further debate on appropriate aggregate and complementary indicators is needed.
A Descriptive Comparison of Ultrasound‐guided Central Venous Cannulation of the Internal Jugular Vein to Landmark‐based Subclavian Vein Cannulation
Authors: Theodoro Daniel , Bausano Brian , Lewis Lawrence , Evanoff Bradley , Kollef Marin 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectives:  The safest site for central venous cannulation (CVC) remains debated. Many emergency physicians (EPs) advocate the ultrasound‐guided internal jugular (USIJ) approach because of data supporting its efficiency. However, a number of physicians prefer, and are most comfortable with, the subclavian (SC) vein approach. The purpose of this study was to describe adverse event rates among operators using the USIJ approach, and the landmark SC vein approach without US.Methods:  This was a prospective observational trial of patients undergoing CVC of the SC or internal jugular veins in the emergency department (ED). Physicians performing the procedures did not undergo standardized training in either technique. The primary outcome was a composite of adverse events defined as hematoma, arterial cannulation, pneumothorax, and failure to cannulate. Physicians recorded the anatomical site of cannulation, US assistance, indications, and acute complications. Variables of interest were collected from the pharmacy and ED record. Physician experience was based on a self‐reported survey. The authors followed outcomes of central line insertion until device removal or patient discharge.Results:  Physicians attempted 236 USIJ and 132 SC cannulations on 333 patients. The overall adverse event rate was 22% with failure to cannulate being the most common. Adverse events occurred in 19% of USIJ attempts, compared to 29% of non–US‐guided SC attempts. Among highly experienced operators, CVCs placed at the SC site resulted in more adverse events than those performed using USIJ (relative risk [RR] = 1.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05 to 3.39).Conclusions:  While limited by observational design, our results suggest that the USIJ technique may result in fewer adverse events compared to the landmark SC approach.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:416–422 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Bone alterations at implant‐supported FDPs in relation to inter‐unit distances: a 5‐year radiographic study
Authors: Chang Moontaek , Wennström Jan L. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this 5‐year study was to longitudinally evaluate bone alterations around implants with a conical implant–abutment interface in relation to implant–tooth and inter–implant distances.Material and methods: The patient sample comprised 43 partially dentate patients with a total of 48 implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) supported by 130 Astra Tech® implants. Following FDP placement (baseline), the patients were enrolled in an individually designed supportive care program. Radiographic examinations were performed at the time of FDP installation, 1 and 5 years of follow‐up. Variables regarding implant position and proximal bone topography at tooth/implant units (n=36) and implant/implant units (n=67) were assessed with the use of a software program after scanning of the radiographs.Results: At tooth/implant units, the mean 5‐year marginal bone loss at the tooth, the implant and the mid‐proximal bone crest was 0.1, 0.4 and 0.2 mm, respectively. The mean longitudinal bone loss at the implant/implant units was 0.5 mm at the implants and 0.3 mm mid‐proximally. Multilevel regression analysis revealed that at implant/implant units, the change in the bone‐to‐implant contact level was a significant predictor with regard to the 5‐year mid‐proximal bone‐level change, whereas the horizontal inter‐unit distance showed a borderline significance (P=0.052). At tooth/implant units, no statistically significant associations were identified.Conclusions: The results of this 5‐year study revealed differences between inter‐implant and tooth–implant proximal areas with regard to bone crest alterations and associated factors. To cite this article:
Chang M, Wennström JL. Bone alterations at implant‐supported FDPs in relation to inter‐unit distances: a 5‐year radiographic study. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 735–740. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01893.x
Loop‐Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) for the Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Salmonella Typhimurium from Pork
Authors: Techathuvanan Chayapa , Draughon Frances Ann , D'Souza Doris Helen 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT:  Loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a novel molecular detection method that is more rapid and simpler than PCR. Products can be detected by turbidity using one temperature without the need for expensive PCR equipment. Our objective was to sensitively detect Salmonella Typhimurium from pork products within 1 d using the LAMP assay. Pork chop and pork sausage samples (25 g) were inoculated with high (108 to 106 CFU) and low (105 to 100 CFU) inocula of S. Typhimurium. Serial dilutions in phosphate buffered saline were plated on XLT4 agar either immediately or after selective preenrichment in tetrathionate broth (225 mL) for 10‐h at 37 °C. Nucleic acid was extracted using the TRIzol® method from 1‐mL samples. The LAMP assay using 6 specific invA gene primers and Bst DNA polymerase reaction mix was carried out at 62 °C for 90 min in a waterbath. Turbid products were detected visually and by agarose gel electrophoresis. Improved Salmonella detection at 102 CFU/25 g for both pork chop and sausage was obtained after 10‐h enrichment and 106 CFU/25 g without enrichment for both products. This assay can detect Salmonella from pork within 1 d, significantly faster than traditional methods that take >5 d. This method shows tremendous potential for routine diagnostics and monitoring of Salmonella by the pork industry.Practical Application: The novel loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay is a rapid, specific, and sensitive method that has potential application for routine diagnostics of Salmonella from pork products. The isothermal method does not require expensive equipment such as a PCR thermocylcer but only a simple waterbath for amplification within 90 min. Detection is even simpler by visual eye or turbidimeters that are less expensive than fluorescent spectrophotometers or real‐time PCR machines. All these advantages make it a practical approach for routine use by processing industries to rapidly detect Salmonella in their environment and to implement appropriate control strategies. To improve detection sensitivities, preenrichment followed by selective enrichment may be necessary. Even so, the entire assay can be completed at the most within two 8‐h working shifts.