bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interfacial Growth of Large Area Single‐Crystalline Silver Sheets Through Ambient Microdroplets
Authors: Sarkar Depanjan , Som Anirban , Unni Keerthana , Manna Sujan , Thalappil Pradeep 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe creation of micrometer‐sized sheets of silver at the air–water interface by direct deposition of electrospray‐generated silver ions (Ag+) on an aqueous dispersion of reduced graphene oxide (RGO), in ambient conditions, is reported. In the process of electrospray deposition (ESD), an electrohydrodynamic flow is created in the aqueous dispersion, and the graphene sheets assemble, forming a thin film at the air–water interface. The deposited Ag+ coalesce to make single‐crystalline Ag sheets on top of this assembled graphene layer. Fast neutralization of Ag+ forming atomic Ag, combined with their enhanced mobility on graphene surfaces, presumably facilitates the growth of larger Ag clusters. Moreover, restrictions imposed by the interface drive the crystal growth in 2D. By controlling the precursor salt concentration, RGO concentration, deposition time, and ion current, the dimensionality of the Ag sheets can be tuned. These Ag sheets are effective substrates for surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), as demonstrated by the successful detection of methylene blue at nanomolar concentrations.
An Active Strategy Based on Different Droplet Removal Modes on Polydimethylsiloxane Magnetic Microstructures
Authors: Zhang Yang , Wu Chao , Gu Haoyu , Song Yingbin , Zhao Ruoxi , Zhang Dongjie , Xie Zhimin , Liu Yuyan , Cheng Zhongjun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe efficient removal of droplets on solid surfaces holds significant importance in the field of fog collection, condensation heat transfer, and so on. However, on current typical surfaces, droplets are characterized by a passive and single removal mode, contingent on the traction force (e.g., capillary force, Laplace pressure, etc.) generated by the surface's physics and chemistry design, posing challenges for enhancing the efficiency of droplet removal. In this paper, an effective active strategy based on different removal modes is demonstrated on magnetic responsive polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) superhydrophobic microplates (RM‐MPSM). By regulating the parameters of microplates and droplet volume, different effective departure modes (top jumping and side departure) can be induced to facilitate the removal of droplets. Moreover, the removal volume of droplets through the side departure mode exhibits a significant reduction compared to that observed in the top jumping mode. The exceptional removal ability of RM‐MPSM demonstrates adaptability to diverse functional applications: efficient fog collection, removal of condensation droplets and micro‐particles. The efficient modes of droplet removal demonstrated in this work hold significant implications for broadening its application in many fields, such as droplet collection, heat transfer, and anti‐icing.
Dynamic Structures and Fast Transition Kinetics of Oxidized G‐Quadruplexes
Authors: Ji Jiahao , Sharma Arpit , Pokhrel Pravin , Karna Deepak , Pandey Shankar , Zheng Yao‐Rong , Mao Hanbin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract8‐oxoguanines (8‐oxoG) in cells form compromised G‐quadruplexes (GQs), which may vary GQ mediated gene regulations. By mimicking molecularly crowded cellular environment using 40% DMSO or sucrose, here it is found that oxidized human telomeric GQs have stabilities close to the wild‐type (WT) GQs. Surprisingly, while WT GQs show negative formation cooperativity between a Pt(II) binder and molecularly crowded environment, positive cooperativity is observed for oxidized GQ formation. Single‐molecule mechanical unfolding reveals that 8‐oxoG sequence formed more diverse and flexible structures with faster folding/unfolding transition kinetics, which facilitates the Pt(II) ligand to bind the best‐fit structures with positive cooperativity. These findings offer new understanding on structures and properties of oxidized G‐rich species in crowded environments. They also provide insights into the design of better ligands to target oxidized G‐rich structures formed under oxidative cell stress.
Precise Construction of Nitrogen‐Enriched Porous Ionic Polymers as Highly Efficient Sulfur Dioxide Adsorbent
Authors: Chen Sen , Huang Shicheng , Yang Zhenglu , Suo Xian , Xing Huabin , Cui Xili 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPorous ionic polymers with unique features have exhibited high performance in various applications. However, the fabrication of functional porous ionic polymers with custom functionality and porosity for efficient removal of low‐concentration SO2 remains challenging. Herein, a novel nitrogen‐enriched porous ionic polymer NH2Py‐PIP is prepared featuring high‐content nitrogen sites (15.9 wt.%), adequate ionic sites (1.22 mmol g−1), and a hierarchical porous structure. The proposed construction pathway relies on a tailored nitrogen‐functionalized cross‐linker NH2Py, which effectively introduces abundant functional sites and improves the porosity of porous ionic polymers. NH2Py‐PIP with a well‐engineered SO2‐affinity environment achieves excellent SO2/CO2 selectivity (1165) and high SO2 adsorption capacity (1.13 mmol g−1 at 0.002 bar), as well as enables highly efficient and reversible dynamic separation performance. Modeling studies further elucidate that the nitrogen sites and bromide anions collaboratively promote preferential adsorption of SO2. The unique design in this work provides new insights into constructing functional porous ionic polymers for high‐efficiency separations.
High‐Energy Symmetric Li‐Ion Battery Enabled by Binder‐Free FeOF‐MXene Heterostructure with Doubly Matched Capacity and Kinetics
Authors: Liang Huanyu , Zhu Chunliu , Tian Weiqian , Zhu Chunyan , Ma Yu , Hu Wei , Wu Jingyi , Chen Jingwei , Wang Rutao , Huang Minghua , Zhu Yue , Wang Huanlei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFluorides are viewed as promising conversion‐type Li‐ion battery cathodes to meet the desired high energy density. FeOF is a typical member of conversion‐type fluorides, but its major drawback is sluggish kinetics upon deep discharge. Herein, a heterostructured FeOF‐MXene composite (FeOF‐MX) is demonstrated to overcome this limitation. The rationally designed FeOF‐MX electrode features a microsphere morphology consisting of closely packed FeOF nanoparticles, providing fast transport pathways for lithium ions while a continuous wrapping network of MXene nanosheets ensures unobstructed electron transport, thus enabling high‐rate lithium storage with enhanced pseudocapacitive contribution. In/ex situ characterization techniques and theoretical calculations, both reveal that the lithium storage mechanism in FeOF arises from a hybrid intercalation‐conversion process, and strong interfacial interactions between FeOF and MXene promote Li‐ion adsorption and migration. Remarkably, through demarcating the conversion‐type reaction with a controlled potential window, a symmetric full battery with prelithiated FeOF‐MX as both cathode and anode is fabricated, achieving a high energy density of 185.5 Wh kg−1 and impressive capacity retention of 88.9% after 3000 cycles at 1 A g−1. This work showcases an effective route toward high‐performance MXene engineered fluoride‐based electrodes and provides new insights into constructing symmetric batteries yet with high‐energy/power densities.
Interlayer Polymerization to Construct a Fully Conjugated Covalent Organic Framework as a Metal‐Free Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalyst for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Chen Zhiwei , Fang Pengda , Zou Xiuyang , Shi Zheng , Zhang Jiamin , Sun Zhe , Guo Siyu , Yan Feng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have a multilayer skeleton with a periodic π‐conjugated molecular array, which can facilitate charge carrier transport within a COF layer. However, the lack of an effective charge carrier transmission pathway between 2D COF layers greatly limits their applications in electrocatalysis. Herein, by employing a side‐chain polymerization strategy to form polythiophene along the nanochannels, a conjugated bridge is constructed between the COF layers. The as‐synthesized fully conjugated COF (PTh‐COF) exhibits high oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity with narrowed energy band gaps. Correspondingly, PTh‐COF is tested as a metal‐free cathode catalyst for anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) which showed a maximum power density of 176 mW cm−2 under a current density of 533 mA cm−2. The density functional theory (DFT) calculation reveals that interlayer conjugated polythiophene optimizes the electron cloud distribution, which therefore enhances the ORR performance. This work not only provides new insight into the construction of a fully conjugated covalent organic framework but also promotes the development of new metal‐free ORR catalysts.
Mechanically Ultra‐Robust Fluorescent Elastomer for Elaborating Auxetic Composite
Authors: Li Jiawei , Zheng Zhiran , Ma Yaning , Dong Zhaoxing , Li Min‐Hui , Hu Jun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFluorescent elastomers are predominantly fabricated through doping fluorescent components or conjugating chromophores into polymer networks, which often involves detrimental effects on mechanical performance and also makes large‐scale production difficult. Inspired by the heteroatom‐rich microphase separation structures assisted by intensive hydrogen bonds in natural organisms, an ultra‐robust fluorescent polyurethane elastomer is reported, which features a remarkable fracture strength of 87.2 MPa with an elongation of 1797%, exceptional toughness of 678.4 MJ m−3 and intrinsic cyan fluorescence at 445 nm. Moreover, the reversible fluorescence variation with temperature could in situ reveal the microphase separation of the elastomer in real time. By taking advantage of mechanical properties, intrinsic fluorescence and hydrogen bonds‐promoted interfacial bonding ability, this fluorescent elastomer can be utilized as an auxetic skeleton for the elaboration of an integrated auxetic composite. Compared with the auxetic skeleton alone, the integrated composite shows an improved mechanical performance while maintaining auxetic deformation in a large strain below 185%, and its auxetic process can be visually detected under ultraviolet light by the fluorescence of the auxetic skeleton. The concept of introducing hydrogen‐bonded heteroatom‐rich microphase separation structures into polymer networks in this work provides a promising approach to developing fluorescent elastomers with exceptional mechanical properties.
Solid‐State Anion Exchange Enabled by Pluggable vdW Assembly for In Situ Halide Manipulation in Perovskite Monocrystalline Film
Authors: Gao Weiqi , Liu Songlong , Chen Yang , Niu Kaixin , Lu Zheyi , Li Zhiwei , Zeng Zhiyao , Xiao Yulong , Zhai Yaxin , Liu Yuan , Wang Yiliu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe fabrication of perovskite single crystal‐based optoelectronics with improved performance is largely hindered by limited processing techniques. Particularly, the local halide composition manipulation, which dominates the bandgap and thus the formation of heterostructures and emission of multiple‐wavelength light, is realized via prevalent liquid‐ or gas‐phase anion exchange with the utilization of lithography, while the monocrystalline nature is sacrificed due to polycrystalline transition in exchange with massive defects emerging, impeding carrier separation and transportation. Thus, a damage‐free and lithography‐free solid‐state anion exchange strategy, aiming at in situ halide manipulation in perovskite monocrystalline film, is developed. Typically, CsPbCl3 working as medium to deliver halide is van der Waals (vdW) assembled to specific spots of CsPbBr3, followed by the removal of CsPbCl3 after anion exchange, with the halide composition in contact area modulated and monocrystalline nature of CsPbBr3 preserved. CsPbBr3‐CsPbBrxCl3‐x monocrystalline heterostructure has been achieved without lithography. Device based on the heterostructure shows apparent rectification behavior and improved photo‐response rate. Heterostructure arrays can also be constructed with customized medium crystal. Furthermore, the halide composition can be accurately tuned to enable full coverage of visible spectra. The solid‐state exchange enriches the toolbox for processing vulnerable perovskite and paves the way for the integration of monocrystalline perovskite optoelectronics.
Benchtop Fabricated Nano‐Roughened Microstructured Electrodes for Electrochemical and Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Sensing
Authors: González‐Martínez Eduardo , Beganovic Nadine E. , Moran‐Mirabal Jose M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTailoring a material's surface with hierarchical structures from the micro‐ to the nanoscale is key for fabricating highly sensitive detection platforms. To achieve this, the fabrication method should be simple, inexpensive, and yield materials with a high density of surface features. Here, using benchtop fabrication techniques, gold surfaces with hierarchically structured roughness are generated for sensing applications. Hierarchical gold electrodes are prepared on pre‐stressed polystyrene substrates via electroless deposition and amperometric pulsing. Electrodes fabricated using 1 mm H[AuCl₄] and roughened with 80 pulses revealed the highest electroactive surface area. These electrodes are used for enzyme‐free detection of glucose in the presence of bovine serum albumin and achieved a limit of detection of 0.36 mm, below glucose concentrations in human blood. The surfaces nanoroughened with 100 pulses also showed excellent surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) response for the detection of rhodamine 6G, with an enhancement factor of ≈2 × 106 compared to detection in solution, and for the detection of a self‐assembled monolayer of thiophenol, with an enhancement factor of ≈30 compared to the response from microstructured gold surfaces. It is envisioned that the simplicity and low fabrication cost of these gold‐roughened structures will expedite the development of electrochemical and SERS sensing devices.
Rational Design of Coordination Polymers Composited Hollow Multishelled Structures for Drug Delivery
Authors: Xiao Qian , Shang Lingling , Peng Yang , Zhang Ludan , Wei Yanze , Zhao Decai , Zhao Yasong , Wan Jiawei , Wang Yuguang , Wang Dan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMultifunctional drug delivery systems (DDS) are in high demand for effectively targeting specific cells, necessitating excellent biocompatibility, precise release mechanisms, and sustained release capabilities. The hollow multishelled structure (HoMS) presents a promising solution, integrating structural and compositional design for efficient DDS development amidst complex cellular environments. Herein, starting from a Fe‐based metal‐organic framework (MOF), amorphous coordination polymers (CP) composited HoMS with controlled shell numbers are fabricated by balancing the rate of MOF decomposition and shell formation. Fe‐CP HoMS loaded with DOX is utilized for synergistic chemotherapy and chemodynamic therapy, offering excellent responsive drug release capability (excellent pH‐triggered drug release 82% within 72 h at pH 5.0 solution with doxorubicin (DOX) loading capacity of 284 mg g−1). In addition to its potent chemotherapy attributes, Fe‐CP‐HoMS possesses chemodynamic therapy potential by continuously catalyzing H2O2 to generate ·OH species within cancer cells, thus effectively inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. DOX@3S‐Fe‐CP‐HoMS, at a concentration of 12.5 µg mL−1, demonstrates significant inhibitory effects on cancer cells while maintaining minimal cytotoxicity toward normal cells. It is envisioned that CP‐HoMS could serve as an effective and biocompatible platform for the advancement of intelligent drug delivery systems in the realm of cancer therapy.
Generalized Synthesis of Highly‐Dispersed, Ultrafine Transition Metal Nanoparticles on Silica Spheres for Enhanced Optical Absorption
Authors: Wei Qilin , Wu Siyu , Zuo Xiaobing , Sun Yugang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRobust synthesis of ultrafine metal nanoparticles (ufMNPs) below 5 nm with clean surfaces and strong optical absorption in the visible spectral range is challenging due to their instability originating from large surface‐to‐volume ratios. This work reports a general strategy involving two sequential steps: i) loading metal precursor ions onto the surface of silica nanospheres (SiOx NSs) by forming a uniform coating of metal oxyhydroxide [MOy(OH)z] through preferred surface acid–base reactions and ii) thermally reducing MOy(OH)z in forming gas at elevated temperatures to form ufMNPs evenly dispersed on the surface of SiOx NSs. The capability of this synthesis strategy is verified by loading ufMNPs of various transition metals and bimetallic combinations onto the SiOx NSs. The ufMNPs exhibit strong optical absorption enhanced by the optical scattering resonances in the SiOx NSs, which generate intense electric fields near the surface of the SiOx NSs. The SiOx NSs also support stabilizing the ufMNPs, which do not need additional organic capping reagents. The successful synthesis of SiOx‐NS‐supported ufMNPs with clean surfaces and enhanced optical absorption is promising for exploring the photocatalytic properties of ufMNPs.
Bond performance of NSM FRP–concrete interfaces with epoxy under chloride‐salt conditioned environments
Authors: Zhang Haixia , Sun Xingwu , Wang Ya 
Published: April 2024

AbstractConcrete in coastal areas is susceptible to structural damage caused by corrosion and expansion of reinforcement. Near‐surface mounted (NSM) fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) bars have become effective for strengthening damaged reinforced concrete structures. The bonding performance of NSM FRP bars in concrete is a key factor limiting their application and promotion in civil engineering. In this study, the influences of the conditioned environment, such as the chloride salt concentration, immersion time, and bond length of the FRP bar, on the bonding performance were investigated experimentally. First, material properties in a conditioned environment were studied. Subsequently, the failure mode, bond stress–slip curve, and bond strength of the NSM FRP bar in concrete were investigated. Finally, the microstructure and chemical composition of the materials were revealed using scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) images of the materials under environmental conditions. The transfer mechanism of NSM FRP bars in concrete with epoxy was revealed. The results showed that the failure modes of the pullout specimens can be divided into epoxy splitting failure and basalt fiber‐reinforced polymer (BFRP) pulling failure. The chloride‐salt concentration was a critical factor affecting the bond properties, and the longer the bond length, the lower the bond strength. The microstructure clearly shows that the degradation of the bonding behavior at the interface of the NSM FRP bar in concrete in a conditioned environment is attributable primarily to the resin damage of the epoxy, resulting in pit corrosion. There was no significant damage to the fibers in the FRP bar, and the degradation was primarily due to resin matrix damage and interfacial debonding. The EDS results showed that the degradation of the epoxy resin and BFRP bars was caused by CO bond and SiO bond fractures, respectively.
The evolution of systems engineering as a transdiscipline
Authors: Pennotti Michael , Brook Peter , Rousseau David 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSystems engineering's evolutionary trajectory has been far from linear, and its future direction is uncertain. We present an assessment and vision of how SE might evolve to enduringly be impactful and relevant, despite growing complexity and radical technological change. We discuss how SE started out focused on achieving technical objectives, then drifted towards a more process and methodology focus, and is now responding to calls to return to its roots under the banner of “attaining elegant solutions to complex problems.” We discuss how SE has always been a transdiscipline, although it was not always so recognized, and how SE is now increasingly recognizing and valuing its transdisciplinary nature. We present our view that the future of SE as an impactful and relevant engineering discipline lies in the strengthening of its transdisciplinarity and an increased focus on attaining elegant solutions to complex problems. We present a framework for understanding the nature of SE and the way in which it evolves in terms of its principles, methods and purposes. We show that SE is informed by, and informs many disciplines and social institutions in a dynamic ecology of discovery, achievement and vision. Lastly, we discuss the value of this framework, and show how it can serve as a basis for developing a common understanding of the value and potential of SE, and support institutions such as INCOSE as they engage in the wider social agenda of building a better and more sustainable world.
Ex Vivo Working Porcine Heart Model
Authors: Pigot Henry , Soltesz Kristian , Steen Stig 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEx vivo working porcine heart models allow for the study of a heart’s function and physiology outside the living organism. These models are particularly useful due to the anatomical and physiological similarities between porcine and human hearts, providing an experimental platform to investigate cardiac disease or assess donor heart viability for transplantation. This chapter presents an in-depth discussion of the model’s components, including the perfusate, preload, and afterload. We explore the challenges of emulating cardiac afterload and present a historical perspective on afterload modeling, discussing various methodologies and their respective limitations. An actively controlled afterload device is introduced to enhance the model’s ability to rapidly adjust pressure in the large arteries, thereby providing a more accurate and dynamic experimental model. Finally, we provide a comprehensive experimental protocol for the ex vivo working porcine heart model.
A trace inequality for Euclidean gravitational path integrals (and a new positive action conjecture)
Authors: Colafranceschi Eugenia , Marolf Donald , Wang Zhencheng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The AdS/CFT correspondence states that certain conformal field theories are equivalent to string theories in a higher-dimensional anti-de Sitter space. One aspect of the correspondence is an equivalence of density matrices or, if one ignores normalizations, of positive operators. On the CFT side of the correspondence, any two positive operators A, B will satisfy the trace inequality Tr(AB) ≤ Tr(A)Tr(B). This relation holds on any Hilbert space $$ \mathcal{H} $$
H
and is deeply associated with the fact that the algebra B($$ \mathcal{H} $$
H
) of bounded operators on $$ \mathcal{H} $$
H
is a type I von Neumann factor. Holographic bulk theories must thus satisfy a corresponding condition, which we investigate below. In particular, we argue that the Euclidean gravitational path integral respects this inequality at all orders in the semi-classical expansion and with arbitrary higher-derivative corrections. The argument relies on a conjectured property of the classical gravitational action, which in particular implies a positive action conjecture for quantum gravity wavefunctions. We prove this conjecture for Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity and we also motivate it for more general theories.