bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A combinatorial theorem in group theory
Authors: Straus E. G. 
Published: June 2010

There is an anti-Ramsey theorem for inhomogeneous linear equations over a field, which is essentially due to R. Rado [2]. This theorem is generalized to groups to get sharper quantitative and qualitative results. For example, it is shown that for any Abelian group A (written additively) and any mappings

f
1

,
⋯
,

f
n

{f_1}, \cdots ,{f_n}

of A into itself there exists a k-coloring

χ
\chi

of A so that the inhomogeneous equation
\[

∑

i
=
1

n

(

f
i

(

x
i

)
−

f
i

(

y
i

)
)
=
b
,

b
≠
0

\sum \limits _{i = 1}^n {({f_i}({x_i}) - {f_i}({y_i})) = b,\quad b \ne 0}

\]
has no solutions

x
i

,

y
i

{x_i},{y_i}

with

χ
(

x
i

)
=
χ
(

y
i

)

\chi ({x_i}) = \chi ({y_i})

for all

i
=
1
,
⋯
,
n

i = 1, \cdots ,n

. Here the number of colors k can be chosen bounded by

(
3
n

)

n
−
1

{(3n)^{n - 1}}

which depends on n alone and not on the

f
i

{f_i}

or b. For non-Abelian groups an analogous qualitative result is proven when b is "residually compact". Applications to anti-Ramsey results in Euclidean geometry are given.
On a relationship between the convergents of the nearest integer and regular continued fractions
Authors: Adams William W. 
Published: June 2010

In this paper we derive a relation concerning the speed of convergence of the nearest integer and regular continued fractions. If

A
n

/

B
n

{A_n}/{B_n}

,

p
k

/

q
k

{p_k}/{q_k}

denote the convergents of the nearest integer and regular continued fractions of an irrational number

α
\alpha

, then for all n there is a

k
(
n
)

k(n)

such that

A
n

/

B
n

=

p

k
(
n
)

/

q

k
(
n
)

{A_n}/{B_n} = {p_{k(n)}}/{q_{k(n)}}

. It is shown that
\[

lim

n
→
∞

n

k

(
n
)

=

log
⁡

(

1
+

5

2

)

log

2

\lim \limits _{n \to \infty } \;\frac {n}{{k\left ( n \right )}} = \frac {{\log \left ( {\frac {{1 + \sqrt 5 }}{2}} \right )}}{{\log \;2}}

\]
for almost all

α
\alpha

. This problem is reduced to a special case of a general result concerning the frequency of partial quotients in the regular continued fraction (Theorem 2).
On the coupling of boundary integral and finite element methods
Authors: Johnson Claes , Nédélec J.-Claude 
Published: June 2010

Let

Ω
c

{\Omega ^c}

be the complementary of a bounded regular domain in

R

2

{{\mathbf {R}}^2}

of boundary

Γ
\Gamma

. We consider the problem (1)
\[

{

Δ
u
=
f
;

a
m
p
;

in

Ω
c

,

u

|

Γ

=

u

0
,

a
m
p
;

\left \{ {\begin {array}{*{20}{c}} {\Delta u = f;} & {{\text {in}}\;{\Omega ^c},} \\ {u{|_\Gamma } = {u_{0,}}} & {} \\ \end {array} } \right .

\]
where f has its support in a bounded subdomain

Ω
1

{\Omega _1}

of

Ω
c

{\Omega ^c}

. Let

Γ
2

{\Gamma _2}

be the common boundary of

Ω
1

{\Omega _1}

and

Ω
2

=

Ω
c

−

Ω
1

{\Omega _2} = {\Omega ^c} - {\Omega _1}

. We solve the problem (1) by using an equivalent system of equations involving an integral equation on

Γ
2

{\Gamma ^2}

coupled with the equation: (2)
\[

{

Δ
u
=
f

a
m
p
;

in

Ω
1

,

u

|

Γ

=

u
0

,

a
m
p
;

u

|

Γ
2

=
λ
.

a
m
p
;

\left \{ {\begin {array}{*{20}{c}} {\Delta u = f} \hfill & {{\text {in}}\;{\Omega _1},} \hfill \\ {u{|_\Gamma } = {u_0},} \hfill & {} \hfill \\ {u{|_{{\Gamma _2}}} = \lambda .} \hfill & {} \hfill \\ \end {array} } \right .

\]
We introduce a finite element approximation of Eq. (2) and of the integral equation and we prove optimal error estimates.
The arithmetic-harmonic mean
Authors: Foster D. M. E. , Phillips G. M. 
Published: June 2010

Consider two sequences generated by
\[

a

n
+
1

=
M
(

a
n

,

b
n

)
,

b

n
+
1

=

M
′

(

a

n
+
1

,

b
n

)
,

{a_{n + 1}} = M({a_n},{b_n}),\quad {b_{n + 1}} = M’ ({a_{n + 1}},{b_n}),

\]
where the

a
n

{a_n}

and

b
n

{b_n}

are positive and M and M’ are means. The paper discusses the nine processes which arise by restricting the choice of M and M’ to the arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means, one case being that used by Archimedes to estimate

π
\pi

. Most of the paper is devoted to the arithmetic-harmonic mean, whose limit is expressed as an infinite product and as an infinite series in two ways.
Rates of convergence of Gaussian quadrature for singular integrands
Authors: Lubinsky D. S. , Rabinowitz P. 
Published: June 2010

The authors obtain the rates of convergence (or divergence) of Gaussian quadrature on functions with an algebraic or logarithmic singularity inside, or at an endpoint of, the interval of integration. A typical result is the following: For a bounded smooth weight function on

[
−
1
,
1
]

[ - 1,1]

, the error in n-point Gaussian quadrature of

f
(
x
)
=

|

x
−
y

|

−
δ

f(x) = |x - y{|^{ - \delta }}

is

O
(

n

−
2
+
2
δ

)

O({n^{ - 2 + 2\delta }})

if

y
=
±
1

y = \pm 1

and

O
(

n

−
1
+
δ

)

O({n^{ - 1 + \delta }})

if

y
∈
(
−
1
,
1
)

y \in ( - 1,1)

, provided we avoid the singularity. If we ignore the singularity y, the error is

O
(

n

−
1
+
2
δ

(
log
⁡
n

)
δ

(
log
⁡
log
⁡
n

)

δ
(
1
+
ε
)

)

O({n^{ - 1 + 2\delta }}{(\log n)^\delta }{(\log \log n)^{\delta (1 + \varepsilon )}})

for almost all choices of y. These assertions are sharp with respect to order.
Recurrence relations for hypergeometric functions of unit argument
Authors: Lewanowicz Stanisław 
Published: June 2010

We show that the generalized hypergeometric function
\[

P
n

:

=

p
+
3

F

p
+
2

(

−
n
,
n
+
λ
,

a
p

,
1

b

p
+
2

|

1

)

(
n
⩾
0
)

{P_n}:{ = _{p + 3}}{F_{p + 2}}\left ( {\left . {\begin {array}{*{20}{c}} { - n,n + \lambda ,{a_p},1} \\ {{b_{p + 2}}} \\ \end {array} } \right |1} \right )\quad (n \geqslant 0)

\]
satisfies a nonhomogeneous recurrence relation of order

p
+
σ

p + \sigma

, where

σ
=
0

\sigma = 0

when

p
+
3

F

p
+
2

(
1
)

_{p + 3}{F_{p + 2}}(1)

is balanced, and

σ
=
1

\sigma = 1

otherwise. Also, for
\[

U
n

:=

(

c

q
+
1

)

n

(

d
q

)

n

(
n
+
λ
)

n

q
+
2

F

q
+
1

(

n
+

c

q
+
2

n
+

d
q

,
2
n
+
λ
+
1

|

1

)

(
n
⩾
0
)

{U_n}: = \frac {{{{({c_{q + 1}})}_n}}}{{{{({d_q})}_n}{{(n + \lambda )}_n}}}{\,_{q + 2}}{F_{q + 1}}\left ( {\left . {\begin {array}{*{20}{c}} {n + {c_{q + 2}}} \\ {n + {d_q},2n + \lambda + 1} \\ \end {array} } \right |1} \right )\quad (n \geqslant 0)

\]
a homogeneous recurrence relation of order

q
+
1

q + 1

is given.
Lattice rules: projection regularity and unique representations
Authors: Sloan I. H. , Lyness J. N. 
Published: June 2010

We introduce a unique characterization for lattice rules which are projection regular. Any such rule, having invariants

n
1

,

n
2

,
…
,

n
s

{n_1},{n_2}, \ldots ,{n_s}

, may be expressed, uniquely, in the form
\[

Q
f
=

1

n
1

n
2

⋯

n
s

∑

∑
⋯
∑

f
¯

(

j
1

z

1

n
1

+

j
2

z

2

n
2

+
⋯
+

j
s

z

s

n
s

)

,

Qf = \frac {1}{{{n_1}{n_2} \cdots {n_s}}}\sum {\sum \cdots \sum {\bar f} \left ( {\frac {{{j_1}{{\mathbf {z}}_1}}}{{{n_1}}} + \frac {{{j_2}{{\mathbf {z}}_2}}}{{{n_2}}} + \cdots + \frac {{{j_s}{{\mathbf {z}}_s}}}{{{n_s}}}} \right )} ,

\]
where the matrix

Z
=

(

z

1

,

z

2

,
…
,

z

s

)
T

Z = {({{\mathbf {z}}_1},{{\mathbf {z}}_2}, \ldots ,{{\mathbf {z}}_s})^T}

is upper unit triangular and individual elements satisfy

0
≤

z
r

(
c
)

>
(

n
r

/

n
c

)
,
r
>
c

0 \leq z_r^{(c)} > ({n_r}/{n_c}),r > c

.
Acquired reactive perforating collagenosis: Current status
Authors: KARPOUZIS Anthony , GIATROMANOLAKI Alexandra , SIVRIDIS Efthimios , KOUSKOUKIS Constantin 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAcquired reactive perforating collagenosis is a unique perforating dermatosis, characterized clinically by umbilicated hyperkeratotic papules or nodules and histologically by a focal hyperkeratosis in direct contact with transepidermal perforating dermal collagen. Several inflammatory or malignant systemic diseases may coexist with acquired reactive perforating collagenosis. The possible biochemical or immunological mechanisms of the systemic diseases, potentially responsible for the development and appearance of acquired reactive perforating collagenosis, are still under investigation. Several topical treatments, ultraviolet B phototherapy and allopurinol p.o. administration may be effective.
Tetracycline and niacinamide control bullous pemphigoid but not pemphigus foliaceus when these conditions coexist
Authors: SHIOHARA Junko , YOSHIDA Kanako , HASEGAWA Junichi , UHARA Hisashi , TAKATA Minoru , SAIDA Toshiaki , OYAMA Bungo , HASHIMOTO Takashi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPemphigus and pemphigoid are different types of autoimmune bullous disease and can occur in the same patient. We report a female patient with this condition. At first, we diagnosed her with bullous pemphigoid, and we treated her with tetracycline, niacinamide and a topical steroid. Tense bullas disappeared shortly after that, but crusted erythemas mainly on her head and trunk persisted. We examined BP180 and desmoglein 1 enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays, and also histological features, which showed coexistence of bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus foliaceus concurrently. Therefore, we tried prednisolone, which could control both conditions. This case showed that tetracycline and niacinamide could control bullous pemphigoid, but could not control pemphigus foliaceus, and that prednisolone was effective for both conditions.
Mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics application to identify quantitative resistance‐related metabolites in barley against Fusarium head blight
Authors: BOLLINA VENKATESH , KUMARASWAMY G. KENCHAPPA , KUSHALAPPA AJJAMADA C. , CHOO THIN MIEW , DION YVES , RIOUX SYLVIE , FAUBERT DENIS , HAMZEHZARGHANI HABIBALLAH 
Published: June 2010

SUMMARYQuantitative resistance is generally controlled by several genes. More than 100 resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been identified in wheat and barley against Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Gibberella zeae (anamorph: Fusarium graminearum), implying the possible occurrence of several resistance mechanisms. The objective of this study was to apply metabolomics to identify the metabolites in barley that are related to resistance against FHB. Barley genotypes, Chevron and Stander, were inoculated with mock or pathogen during the anthesis stage. The disease severity was assessed as the proportion of spikelets diseased. The genotype Chevron (0.33) was found to have a higher level of quantitative resistance than Stander (0.88). Spikelet samples were harvested at 48 h post‐inoculation; metabolites were extracted and analysed using an LC‐ESI‐LTQ‐Orbitrap (Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA). The output was imported to an XCMS 1.12.1 platform, the peaks were deconvoluted and the adducts were sieved. Of the 1826 peaks retained, a t‐test identified 496 metabolites with significant treatment effects. Among these, 194 were resistance‐related (RR) constitutive metabolites, whose abundance was higher in resistant mock‐inoculated than in susceptible mock‐inoculated genotypes. Fifty metabolites were assigned putative names on the basis of accurate mass, fragmentation pattern and number of carbons in the formula. The RR metabolites mainly belonged to phenylpropanoid, flavonoid, fatty acid and terpenoid metabolic pathways. Selected RR metabolites were assayed in vitro for antifungal activity on the basis of fungal biomass production. The application of these RR metabolites as potential biomarkers for screening and the potential of mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics for the identification of gene functions are discussed.
Curcumin disrupts meiotic and mitotic divisions via spindle impairment and inhibition of CDK1 activity
Authors: Bielak‐Zmijewska A. , Sikora‐Polaczek M. , Nieznanski K. , Mosieniak G. , Kolano A. , Maleszewski M. , Styrna J. , Sikora E. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectives:  Curcumin, a natural compound, is a potent anti‐cancer agent, which inhibits cell division and/or induces cell death. It is believed that normal cells are less sensitive to curcumin than malignant cells; however, the mechanism(s) responsible for curcumin’s effect on normal cells are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to verify the hypothesis that curcumin affects normal cell division by influencing microtubule stability, using mouse oocyte and early embryo model systems.Materials and methods:  Maturating mouse oocytes and two‐cell embryos were treated with different concentrations of curcumin (10–50 μm), and meiotic resumption and mitotic cleavage were analysed. Spindle and chromatin structure were visualized using confocal microscopy. In addition, acetylation and in vitro polymerization of tubulin, in the presence of curcumin, were investigated and the damage to double‐stranded DNA was studied using γH2A.X. CDK1 activity was measured.Results and conclusions:  We have shown for the first time, that curcumin, in a dose‐dependent manner, delays and partially inhibits meiotic resumption of oocytes and inhibits meiotic and mitotic divisions by causing disruption of spindle structure and does not induce DNA damage. Our analysis indicated that curcumin affects CDK1 kinase activity but does not directly affect microtubule polymerization and tubulin acetylation. As our study showed that curcumin impairs generative and somatic cell division, its future clinical use or of its derivatives with improved bioavailability after oral administration, should take into consideration the possibility of extensive side‐effects on normal cells.
Expression phenotype changes of EBV‐transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines during long‐term subculture and its clinical significance
Authors: Lee J.‐E. , Nam H.‐Y. , Shim S.‐M. , Bae G.‐R. , Han B.‐G. , Jeon J.‐P. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectives:  The EBV‐transformed lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) is a useful resource for population‐based human genetic and pharmacogenetic studies. The principal objective here was to assess expression phenotype changes during long‐term subculture of LCLs, and its clinical significance.Materials and methods:  We searched for genes that were differentially expressed in 17 LCLs at late (p161) passage compared to early passage (p4) using microarray assay, then validated them by real‐time RT‐PCR analysis. In addition, we estimated correlations between expression phenotypes of 20 LCL strains at early passage and 23 quantitative clinical traits from blood donors of particular LCL strains.Results:  Transcript sequences of 16 genes including nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) pathway‐related genes (such as PTPN13, HERC5 and miR‐146a) and carcinogenesis‐related genes (such as XAF1, TCL1A, PTPN13, CD38 and miR‐146a) were differentially expressed (>2‐fold change) in at least 15 of the 17 LCL strains. In particular, TC2N, FCRL5, CD180, CD38 and miR‐146a were downregulated in all 17 of the evaluated LCL strains. In addition, we identified clinical trait‐associated expression phenotypes in LCLs.Conclusion:  Our results showed that LCLs acquired expression phenotype changes involving expression of NF‐κB pathway‐ and carcinogenesis‐related genes during long‐term subculture. These differentially expressed genes can be considered to be a gene signature of LCL immortalization or EBV‐induced carcinogenesis. Clinical trait‐associated expression phenotypes should prove useful in the discovery of new candidate genes for particular traits.
Optimization of culture conditions for endothelial progenitor cells from porcine bone marrow in vitro
Authors: Jianguo W. , Tianhang L. , Hong Z. , Zhengmao L. , Jianwei B. , Xuchao X. , Guoen F. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectives:  The aim of this study was to determine an optimal culture method for porcine bone marrow‐derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs).Materials and methods:  Mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated by density centrifugation and differentiated into EPCs in in vitro. At first‐passage, EPCs were cultured at different cell densities (5 × 103, 1 × 104, 2 × 104 or 5 × 104/cm2) and in basic medium (EGM, medium 199, DMEM or 1640) supplemented with FBS (2%, 5%, 10% or 20%) and different combinations of cytokines (VEGF, VEGF + bFGF, VEGF + bFGF + EGF, or VEGF + bFGF + EGF + IGF), the experiment being based on L64 (421) orthogonal design.Results and conclusions:  This demonstrated that the optimal culture method for our EPCs displayed higher expansion and migration rates as compared to other groups, by analysis of variance; that is, cultured at 1 × 104/cm2 in M199 supplemented with 10% FBS and VEGF + bFGF + IGF + EGF. Furthermore, percentage of positive cells stained by Dil‐ac‐LDL and FITC‐UEA‐1 was more than 65%, and as shown by immunohistochemistry, these cells also stained positively for CD133, CD34 and KDR. The present study indicates that the number and function of porcine EPCs significantly increased when using our optimized culture parameters.
Inhibition of cell proliferation by CD44: Akt is inactivated and EGR‐1 is down‐regulated
Authors: Zhang L.‐S. , Ma H.‐W. , Greyner H. J. , Zuo W. , Mummert M. E. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjective: CD44 is a transmembrane glycoprotein and can facilitate signal transduction by serving as a platform for molecular recruitment and assembly. A number of studies have suggested that CD44 can either positively or negatively regulate cell proliferation. The purpose of this study was to investigate how CD44 can inhibit cell proliferation.Materials and methods: We engineered E6.1 Jurkat cells to express CD44. Importantly, these cells lack endogenous CD44 expression. Molecular pathways involved with cell proliferation were studied using RT2‐PCR array, siRNA, Western blotting and by employing pharmacological inhibitors of ERK1/2, p38 and the PI3K/Akt pathways.Results: We found that CD44 expression significantly inhibited cell proliferation and down‐regulated EGR‐1 expression and EGR‐1 targets cyclin D1 and cyclin D2. Transfection of control E6.1 Jurkat cells with EGR‐1 siRNA also inhibited cell proliferation, confirming its role. Disruption of the PI3K/Akt pathway with pharmacological inhibitors reduced both EGR‐1 expression and cell proliferation, recapitulating the properties of CD44 expressing cells. Akt was hypophosphorylated in cells expressing CD44 showing its potential role in negatively regulating Akt activation. Strikingly, constitutively active Akt rescued the proliferation defect showing requirement for active Akt, in our system.Conclusion: Our results suggest a novel pathway by which CD44 inactivates Akt, down‐regulates EGR‐1 expression and inhibits cell proliferation.
Intra‐arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma: the beginning of a long journey
Authors: Shields Carol L , Shields Jerry A 
Published: June 2010

AbstractConservative management of retinoblastoma has evolved from external beam radiotherapy to systemic chemotherapy by intravenous route and now to localized chemotherapy by intra‐arterial route in some cases. With 16‐year experience, systemic chemotherapy has been found effective for minimal to moderately advanced retinoblastoma with tumour control of 90% or better, few side effects and even hope for return of some vision. Localized intra‐arterial chemotherapy with delivery under fluoroscopy and catheterization of the ophthalmic artery is now undergoing evaluation and appears to provide striking control for retinoblastoma, particularly recurrent tumour seeds following other therapies. The limitations and complications of this approach have yet to be defined. Toxicity of the chemotherapy to the delicate retinal vessels is unknown. Despite its allure, intra‐arterial chemotherapy should be used with caution, as in other fields of paediatric oncology it has been found to provide no advantage over intravenous chemotherapy. Time will tell.
Recurrent idiopathic neuroretinitis: natural history and effect of treatment
Authors: Sundaram Seema V , Purvin Valerie A , Kawasaki Aki 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground:  Previous reports have emphasized the self‐limited nature of idiopathic neuroretinitis. There is less information about a subgroup of patients who suffer recurrent episodes with worse visual outcome. We sought to better characterize the clinical features of recurrent idiopathic neuroretinitis including the effects of immunosuppressive treatment.Methods:  Retrospective chart review of neuroretinitis patients from a single institution from 1983 to 2008. Inclusion criteria included two or more episodes of acute visual loss with disc oedema and macular exudates in a star pattern. Cases due to a specific infectious or inflammatory aetiology were excluded.Results:  Forty‐one patients were included with an average follow up of 67 months. Median age at the time of the first episode was 28 years (range 10–54 years). Attacks were bilateral sequential in 34 patients (83%). We documented a total of 147 episodes in 75 eyes with an average of 3.6 attacks per patient. The average interval between attacks was 3 years. Visual field loss had a nerve fibre bundle pattern in most cases. Only 36% of eyes retained 6/12 or better visual acuity and greater than two‐thirds of their visual field. Long‐term immunosuppressive treatment in 13 patients decreased the attack rate by 72%.Conclusions:  Recurrent idiopathic neuroretinitis typically affects young adults, with no gender preference. Recovery is limited and visual loss is cumulative with repeated attacks, often resulting in severe permanent visual loss. Immunosuppressive treatment appears to lessen the attack frequency.
Soil fertility and fine root dynamics in response to 4 years of nutrient (N, P, K) fertilization in a lowland tropical moist forest, Panama
Authors: YAVITT JOSEPH B. , HARMS KYLE E. , GARCIA MILTON N. , MIRABELLO MATT J. , WRIGHT S. JOSEPH 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe question of how tropical trees cope with infertile soils has been challenging to address, in part, because fine root dynamics must be studiedin situ. We used annual fertilization with nitrogen (N as urea, 12.5 g N m−2 year−1), phosphorus (P as superphosphate, 5 g P m−2 year−1) and potassium (K as KCl, 5 g K m−2 year−1) within 38 ha of old‐growth lowland tropical moist forest in Panama and examined fine root dynamics with minirhizotron images. We expected that added P, above all, would (i) decrease fine root biomass but, (ii) have no impact on fine root turnover. Soil in the study area was moderately acidic (pH = 5.28), had moderate concentrations of exchangeable base cations (13.4 cmol kg−1), low concentrations of Bray‐extractable phosphate (PO4 = 2.2 mg kg−1), and modest concentrations of KCl‐extractable nitrate (NO3 = 5.0 mg kg−1) and KCl‐extractable ammonium (NH4 = 15.5 mg kg−1). Added N increased concentrations of KCl‐extractable NO3and acidified the soil by one pH unit. Added P increased concentrations of Bray‐extractable PO4and P in the labile fraction. Concentrations of exchangeable K were elevated in K addition plots but reduced by N additions. Fine root dynamics responded to added K rather than added P. After 2 years, added K decreased fine root biomass from 330 to 275 g m−2. The turnover coefficient of fine roots <1 mm diameter ranged from 2.6 to 4.4 per year, and the largest values occurred in plots with added K. This study supported the view that biomass and dynamics of fine roots respond to soil nutrient availability in species‐rich, lowland tropical moist forest. However, K rather than P elicited root responses. Fine roots smaller than 1 mm have a short lifetime (<140 days), and control of fine root production by nutrient availability in tropical forests deserves more study.