bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Household Evacuation Decision Making and the Benefits of Improved Hurricane Forecasting: Developing a Framework for Assessment
Authors: Lazo Jeffrey K. , Waldman Donald M. , Morrow Betty Hearn , Thacher Jennifer A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractHurricane warnings are the primary sources of information that enable the public to assess the risk and develop responses to threats from hurricanes. These warnings have significantly reduced the number of hurricane-related fatalities in the last several decades. Further investment in the science and implementation of the warning system is a primary mission of the National Weather Service and its partners. It is important that the weather community understand the public’s preferences and values for such investments; yet, there is little empirical information on the use of forecasts in evacuation decision making, the economic value of current forecasts, or the potential use or value for improvements in hurricane forecasts. Such information is needed to evaluate whether improved forecast provision and dissemination offer more benefit to society than alternative public investments.Fundamental aspects of households’ perceptions of hurricane forecasts and warnings and their potential uses of and values for improved hurricane forecast information are examined. The study was designed in part to examine the viability of survey research methods for exploring evacuation decision making and for eliciting values for improved hurricane forecasts and warnings. First, aspects that affect households’ stated likelihood of evacuation are explored, because informing such decisions is one of the primary purposes of hurricane forecasts and warnings. Then, stated-choice valuation methods are used to analyze choices between potential forecast-improvement programs and the accuracy of existing forecasts. From this, the willingness to pay (WTP) for improved forecasts is derived from survey respondents.
Long-Term Test-Retest Reliability of Baseline Cognitive Assessments Using ImPACT
Authors: Schatz Philip 
Published: September 2009

Background Computer-based assessment programs are commonly used to document baseline cognitive performance for comparison with postconcussion testing. There are currently no guidelines for how often baseline assessments should be updated, and no data documenting the test-retest stability of baseline measures over relevant time periods. Purpose To establish long-term test-retest reliability of baseline assessments using ImPACT, and to compare various statistical methods for establishing test-retest reliability. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Participants were 95 collegiate varsity athletes completing baseline cognitive testing at 2 time periods, approximately 2 years apart. No participant sustained a concussion between assessments. All athletes completed the ImPACT test battery; dependent measures were the composite scores and total symptom scale score. Results Intraclass correlation coefficient estimates for visual memory (.65), processing speed (.74), and reaction time (.68) composite scores reflected stability over the 2-year period, with greater variability in verbal memory (.46) and symptom scale (.43) scores. Using reliable change indices and regression-based methods, only a small percentage of participants’ scores showed “reliable” or “significant” change on the composite scores (0%-6%), or symptom scale scores (5%-10%). Conclusion The current results suggest that college athletes’ cognitive performance at baseline remains considerably stable over a 2-year period. These data help establish the effects of longer, clinically pragmatic testing intervals on test-retest reliability. Clinical Implications The current results suggest that stretching the time between baseline assessments from 1 to 2 years may have little effect on the clinical management of concussions in collegiate athletes. These results should not be generalized to collegiate football players, who were not included in this sample. Youth athletes (high school and younger) should continue to receive annually updated baseline assessments until prospective study of the stability of baseline assessments for this younger age group can be completed.
Identification of novel regulators of hematopoietic stem cell development through refinement of stem cell localization and expression profiling
Authors: Mascarenhas Maria I. , Parker Aimée , Dzierzak Elaine , Ottersbach Katrin 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
The first adult-repopulating hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are detected starting at day 10.5 of gestation in the aorta-gonads-mesonephros (AGM) region of the mouse embryo. Despite the importance of the AGM in initiating HSC production, very little is currently known about the regulators that control HSC emergence in this region. We have therefore further defined the location of HSCs in the AGM and incorporated this information into a spatial and temporal comparative gene expression analysis of the AGM. The comparisons included gene expression profiling (1) in the newly identified HSC-containing region compared with the region devoid of HSCs, (2) before and after HSC emergence in the AGM microenvironment, and (3) on populations enriched for HSCs and their putative precursors. Two genes found to be up-regulated at the time and place where HSCs are first detected, the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p57Kip2/Cdkn1c and the insulin-like growth factor 2, were chosen for further analysis. We demonstrate here that they play a novel role in AGM hematopoiesis. Interestingly, many genes involved in the development of the tissues surrounding the dorsal aorta are also up-regulated during HSC emergence, suggesting that the regulation of HSC generation occurs in coordination with the development of other organs.
Chemoresistance acquisition induces a global shift of expression of aniogenesis-associated genes and increased pro-angogenic activity in neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Michaelis Martin , Klassert Denise , Barth Susanne , Suhan Tatyana , Breitling Rainer , Mayer Bernd , Hinsch Nora , Doerr Hans W , Cinatl Jaroslav , Cinatl Jindrich 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackgroundChemoresistance acquisition may influence cancer cell biology. Here, bioinformatics analysis of gene expression data was used to identify chemoresistance-associated changes in neuroblastoma biology.ResultsBioinformatics analysis of gene expression data revealed that expression of angiogenesis-associated genes significantly differs between chemosensitive and chemoresistant neuroblastoma cells. A subsequent systematic analysis of a panel of 14 chemosensitive and chemoresistant neuroblastoma cell lines in vitro and in animal experiments indicated a consistent shift to a more pro-angiogenic phenotype in chemoresistant neuroblastoma cells. The molecular mechanims underlying increased pro-angiogenic activity of neuroblastoma cells are individual and differ between the investigated chemoresistant cell lines. Treatment of animals carrying doxorubicin-resistant neuroblastoma xenografts with doxorubicin, a cytotoxic drug known to exert anti-angiogenic activity, resulted in decreased tumour vessel formation and growth indicating chemoresistance-associated enhanced pro-angiogenic activity to be relevant for tumour progression and to represent a potential therapeutic target.ConclusionA bioinformatics approach allowed to identify a relevant chemoresistance-associated shift in neuroblastoma cell biology. The chemoresistance-associated enhanced pro-angiogenic activity observed in neuroblastoma cells is relevant for tumour progression and represents a potential therapeutic target.
Mental health research priorities in low- and middle-income countries of Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Sharan P. , Gallo C. , Gureje O. , Lamberte E. , Mari J. J. , Mazzotti G. , Patel V. , Swartz L. , Olifson S. , Levav I. , de Francisco A. , Saxena S. ,   for the World Health Organization–Global Forum for Health Research – Mental Health Research Mapping Project Group
Published: September 2009

BackgroundStudies suggest a paucity of and lack of prioritisation in mental health research from low- and middle-income (LAMI) countries.AimsTo investigate research priorities in mental health among researchers and other stakeholders in LAMI countries.MethodWe used a two-stage design that included identification, through literature searches and snowball technique, of researchers and stakeholders in 114 countries of Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean; and a mail survey on priorities in research.ResultsThe study identified broad agreement between researchers and stakeholders and across regions regarding research priorities. Epidemiology (burden and risk factors), health systems and social science ranked highest for type of research. Depression/anxiety, substance use disorders and psychoses; and children and adolescents, women, and people exposed to violence/trauma were prioritised among the disorders and population groups respectively. Important criteria for prioritising research were burden of disease, social justice, and availability of funds. Stakeholder groups differed in the importance they gave to the personal interest of researchers as a criterion for prioritising research. Researchers' and stakeholders' priorities were consistent with burden of disease estimates, however suicide was underprioritised compared with its burden. Researchers' and stakeholders' priorities were also largely congruent with the researchers' projects.ConclusionsThe results of this first ever conducted survey of researchers and stakeholders regarding research priorities in mental health suggest that it should be possible to develop consensus at regional and international levels regarding the research agenda that is necessary to support health system objectives in LAMI countries.
Trends in admissions to an intellectual disability hospital
Authors: Ganguly Sarojit , Gore Sameer , Marston Geoff , Roy Ashok 
Published: September 2009

Aims and MethodLong-term admission trends in a large specialist National Health Service (NHS) hospital were examined over a 3-year period. These were compared with three earlier 3-year periods. the medical records were examined for admission numbers, source of admissions, length of stay, legal status, reason for admission and readmission rate.ResultsThe percentage of patients admitted from home decreased over time, whereas the admissions from group homes increased threefold. Long-stay admissions decreased in the second and third periods followed by an increase in the fourth period. There was a progressive increase in formal admissions and a decrease in informal ones. There was an increase in admissions of people with psychiatric illness and a decrease in admissions because of social difficulties. the percentage of first admissions gradually increased and the percentages of readmissions gradually decreased.Clinical ImplicationsPeople with intellectual disability are more likely to be admitted for psychiatric reasons and to be detained under the Mental Health Act than in the 1970s. There should be a much greater interaction between hospital and community services to facilitate shorter stays and early discharge. Out-of-area placements need to be taken account of while commissioning for the total need in a geographical area.
Specialist mental healthcare for children with epilepsy: child and adolescent mental health service liaison with neuroscience
Authors: Johnstone Ross J. , Morton Michael J. S. 
Published: September 2009

Aims and MethodTo describe services used by children with epilepsy seen by a liaison psychiatry team in Scotland and to examine existing guidance. Case notes of all patients with epilepsy were systematically reviewed to determine service involvement.ResultsThe majority of patients attended joint psychiatry and neurology clinics. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) recommendations for the psychosocial management of children with epilepsy were met. Most patients were assessed by a clinical psychologist and received educational psychology input, individual and family treatment approaches. Half had social work involvement.Clinical ImplicationsA liaison model is presented for the management of children with more complex epilepsy and psychiatric disorders.
Aetiology of depression and schizophrenia: current views of British psychiatrists
Authors: Baillie Dave , McCabe Rosemarie , Priebe Stefan 
Published: September 2009

Aims and MethodA postal survey assessed current views of a random sample of 154 British psychiatrists on aetiological factors in depression and schizophrenia.ResultsGenetics, biochemical abnormalities and substance misuse were considered important factors in both illnesses. Beyond that, psychiatrists varied widely in their views. Depression was viewed as a more multifactorial condition with psychological/social factors more important, whereas biological factors were considered more important in schizophrenia. Aetiological factors were thought to vary more in depression than in schizophrenia and discussing them was seen as more important in patients with depression.Clinical ImplicationsPsychiatrists' attitudes are likely to influence treatment. Patients may encounter different views depending on their illness and on the particular psychiatrist's views.
Uncertainty among Scottish psychiatrists over NHS continuing care guidance
Authors: Stevenson Gary S. , Philipson Agnieszka , McLaren Gordon 
Published: September 2009

Aims and MethodTo examine knowledge among Scottish psychiatrists of the 1996 guidance on National Health Service (NHS) responsibility for continuing healthcare, a postal questionnaire was devised and sent to the 132 consultants and specialist registrars in the South-East Scotland Deanery in May 2007.ResultsTwo-thirds of the clinicians (67%, n= 88) responded, 88% of whom had in-patient responsibilities. Only 24% responded positively to an awareness of the current Scottish guidance. There was a strong association between awareness of the guidance and psychiatric speciality, and greater awareness among clinicians with previous experience of a relevant complaint or appeal.Clinical ImplicationsUncertainty about NHS continuing healthcare guidance among practising psychiatrists suggests a need for increased awareness of the issues, with training implications for the new guidance on NHS continuing healthcare in Scotland which became effective in February 2008.
Hypogonadism Risk in Men Treated for Childhood Cancer
Authors: Romerius Patrik , Ståhl Olof , Moëll Christian , Relander Thomas , Cavallin-Ståhl Eva , Wiebe Thomas , Giwercman Yvonne Lundberg , Giwercman Aleksander 
Published: September 2009

Context: Pediatric cancer treatment may imply an increased risk of hypogonadism, leading to metabolic disorders and osteoporosis. Such complications are potentially preventable.
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess diagnosis- and treatment-dependent risk of hypogonadism in male childhood cancer survivors (CCS).
Design: Male CCS who were treated during the period 1970–2002 and who in 2004 were 18–45 yr of age were eligible.
Setting: The study was conducted in a university hospital clinic.
Patients: A consecutive group of CCS treated at Lund University Hospital was selected for the study, of whom 151 (38%) agreed to participate. Furthermore, 141 healthy fertile men served as controls.
Interventions: We measured serum levels of free and total testosterone, SHBG, and LH.
Main Outcome Measures: Odds ratios (OR) for biochemical hypogonadism, defined as total testosterone less than 10 nmol/liter and/or LH above 10 IU/liter, were calculated and related to type of cancer, treatment received, as well as testicular volume.
Results: Hypogonadism was more commonly detected in CCS than in controls (OR, 6.7; 95% CI, 2.7, 17). The increased presence of hypogonadism was noted in the following treatment groups: brain surgery, chemotherapy (with and without radiotherapy), and testicular irradiation. Low total testicular volume (≤24 ml) was associated with a high risk of hypogonadism (OR, 31; 95% CI, 11, 92).
Conclusion: Adult male survivors of childhood cancer are at risk of hypogonadism, which should be acknowledged in the long-term follow-up of these men.
Adult male survivors of childhood cancer are at risk of hypogonadism, which should be acknowledged in the long-term follow up of these men.
Does arthroscopic acromioplasty provide any additional value in the treatment of shoulder impingement syndrome?
Authors: Ketola S. , Lehtinen J. , Arnala I. , Nissinen M. , Westenius H. , Sintonen H. , Aronen P. , Konttinen Y. T. , Malmivaara A. , Rousi T. 
Published: September 2009

We report a randomised controlled trial to examine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of arthroscopic acromioplasty in the treatment of stage II shoulder impingement syndrome. A total of 140 patients were randomly divided into two treatment groups: supervised exercise programme (n = 70, exercise group) and arthroscopic acromioplasty followed by a similar exercise programme (n = 70, combined treatment group). The main outcome measure was self-reported pain on a visual analogue scale of 0 to 10 at 24 months, measured on the 134 patients (66 in the exercise group and 68 in the combined treatment group) for whom endpoint data were available. An intention-to-treat analysis disclosed an improvement in both groups but without statistically significant difference in outcome between the groups (p = 0.65). The combined treatment was considerably more costly. Arthroscopic acromioplasty provides no clinically important effects over a structured and supervised exercise programme alone in terms of subjective outcome or cost-effectiveness when measured at 24 months. Structured exercise treatment should be the basis for treatment of shoulder impingement syndrome, with operative treatment offered judiciously until its true merit is proven.
Shelf acetabuloplasty for children with Perthes’ disease and reducible subluxation of the hip
Authors: Yoo W. J. , Choi I. H. , Cho T.-J. , Chung C. Y. , Shin Y.-W. , Shin S. J. 
Published: September 2009

We evaluated radiological hip remodelling after shelf acetabuloplasty and sought to identify prognostic factors in 25 patients with a mean age of 8.9 years (7.0 to 12.3) who had unilateral Perthes’ disease with reducible subluxation of the hip in the fragmentation stage. At a mean follow-up of 6.7 years (3.2 to 9.0), satisfactory remodelling was observed in 18 hips (72%). The type of labrum in hip abduction, as determined by intra-operative dynamic arthrography, was found to be a statistically significant prognostic factor (p = 0.012). Shelf acetabuloplasty as containment surgery seems to be best indicated for hips in which there is not marked collapse of the epiphysis and in which the extruded epiphyseal segment slips easily underneath the labrum on abduction, without imposing undue pressure on the lateral edge of the acetabulum.
Early management of complex proximal humeral fractures using the Aequalis fracture prosthesis
Authors: Kontakis G. M. , Tosounidis T. I. , Christoforakis Z. , Hadjipavlou A. G. 
Published: September 2009

We reviewed the outcome of 28 patients who had been treated using the Aequalis fracture prosthesis for an acute fracture of the proximal humerus at a mean follow-up of 39.3 months (24 to 63). The mean age of the patients at the time of the fracture was 66.3 years (38 to 80). The mean Constant score was 68.2 (37 to 84) for the operated shoulder, which represented 89.5% of the mean score for the uninjured side (p < 0.001). The quality of the reconstruction as shown on the immediate post-operative radiographs was categorised into three types, anatomical, acceptable, and unacceptable, depending on the position of the tuberosities relative to the prosthetic head and the humeral shaft. Anatomical reconstruction was associated with a higher mean Constant score as well as higher mean values of anterior forward elevation, abduction and external rotation than the other types, but the differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.231). A total of 18 patients had active anterior elevation ≥150°. Their mean active abduction and external rotation were 163.6° and 31.3°, respectively. In seven of the 28 patients, the mean active anterior elevation, abduction and external rotation were 130.7°, 129.2° and 22.8°, respectively. In all, 12 patients were very satisfied with the results, 12 were satisfied, two were dissatisfied and two were disappointed; 26 reported no or only mild pain while only two had moderate pain. In five patients proximal migration of the humeral head was shown on the anteroposterior radiographs of the shoulder. No evidence of loosening was found in any prosthesis.
Total hip replacement in active advanced tuberculous arthritis
Authors: Sidhu A. S. , Singh A. P. , Singh A. P. 
Published: September 2009

We describe the results of cemented total hip replacement in 23 patients (23 hips) with active tuberculous arthritis of the hip with a mean follow-up of 4.7 years (4 to 7). In two patients the diagnosis was proved by pre-operative biopsy, whereas all others were diagnosed on a clinicoradiological basis with confirmation obtained by histopathological examination and polymerase chain reaction of tissue samples taken at the time of surgery. All patients received chemotherapy for at least three months before surgery and treatment was continued for a total of 18 months. Post-operative dislocation occurred in one patient and was managed successfully by closed reduction. No reactivation of the infection or loosening of the implant was recorded and function of the hip improved in all patients. Total hip replacement in the presence of active tuberculous arthritis of the hip is a safe procedure when pre-operative chemotherapy is commenced and continued for an extended period after operation.
Femoral torsion in patients with Blount’s disease
Authors: Aird J. J. , Hogg A. , Rollinson P. 
Published: September 2009

In 1937 Blount described a series of 28 patients with ‘Tibia vara’. Since then, a number of deformities in the tibia and the femur have been described in association with this condition. We analysed 14 children with Blount’s disease who were entered into a cross-sectional study. Their mean age was 10 (2 to 18). They underwent a clinical assessment of the rotational profile of their legs and a CT assessment of the angle of anteversion of their hips (femoral version). We compared our results to previously published controls. A statistically significant increase in femoral anteversion was noted in the affected legs, with on average the femurs in patients with Blount’s disease being 26° more anteverted than those in previously published controls. We believe this to be a previously unrecognised component of Blount’s disease, and that the marked intoeing seen in the disease may be partly caused by internal femoral version, in addition to the well-recognised internal tibial version.
Osteotomy of the head of the radius for partial articular malunion
Authors: Rosenblatt Y. , Young C. , MacDermid J. C. , King G. J. W. 
Published: September 2009

Between 1995 and 2006, five intra-articular osteotomies of the head of the radius were performed in patients with symptomatic healed displaced articular fractures. Pre-operatively, all patients complained of persistent painful clicking on movement. Only patients with mild or no degenerative changes of the radial head and capitellum were considered for osteotomy. The operations were performed at a mean of 8.2 months (4 to 13) after injury and the patients were reviewed at a mean of 5.5 years (15 months to 12 years) after the osteotomy. The average Mayo Elbow Performance Index Score improved significantly from 74 before to 88 after operation, with four patients rated as good or excellent (p < 0.05). The subjective patient satisfaction score was 8.4 on a ten-point scale. All osteotomies healed and there were no complications. In this small series intra-articular osteotomy of the head of the radius was a safe and effective treatment for symptomatic intra-articular malunion without advanced degenerative changes.