bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and optimization of administered activity, scanning parameters and hydration at 99mTc hydroxymethylene diphosphonate adult whole‐body bone imaging
Authors: Starck Sven‐Åke , Rosendahl Lene 
Published: June 2012

SummaryPurposeTo find out the method of optimal activity administration and scanning parameters to fulfil guidelines and diagnostic reference levels and to reach a maximal contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) in bone imaging. We also investigate the influence on CNR and bladder activity in well‐hydrated patients.MethodsA total of 225 patients were included. The first group of 101 patients was used to find out the optimal method to administer activity in terms of optimized CNR. The next two groups with 62 patients each were hydrated with 1500 ml water in two different time periods. CNR, bladder area and content were calculated.ResultsAn administrated activity per metre body height gave the highest CNR (5·43). A standard activity had the lowest percentage (2%) of images with <1·5 million counts. Early hydration decreased CNR from 5·41 to 4·85 (P = 0·06), with late hydration to 5·29 (NS). Studies with too few pulses were increased from 2 to 11% to a level of 15–26% and 11–21%, respectively. Early hydration reduced the bladder activity from 20·7 to 10·1 MBq (P<0·01), late hydration to 14·8 MBq (P = 0·08). The bladder size was enlarged from the no hydrated group (1406 mm2) to the early hydrated group (2406 mm2, P<0·000) and between the early and late hydrated group (3183 mm2, P<0·05).ConclusionA standard activity in sufficient quantity is the most practical method, in addition to have the lowest percentage of images with too few pulses. A high fluid intake is not recommended because of problems with disturbing bladder content.
Evaluation of a veterinary triage list modified from a human five‐point triage system in 485 dogs and cats
Authors: Ruys Laura J. , Gunning Myrna , Teske Erik , Robben Joris H. , Sigrist Nadja E. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo devise a veterinary triage list (VTL) and to determine whether the application of this VTL results in more accurate categorization of emergency patients compared with intuitive triage.DesignProspective and retrospective observational study.SettingPrivate veterinary emergency clinic.AnimalsFour hundred and eighty‐five client‐owned dogs and cats.InterventionsNone.Measurements and main resultsA VTL was composed using a human triage system and data from medical records of the study group. Target waiting times were prospectively determined using intuition by veterinary nurses (TWT‐N). Target waiting times were subsequently determined retrospectively by the use of the VTL (TWT‐VTL). Both TWT‐N and TWT‐VTL were compared against target waiting times determined by a review team (TWT‐R), which was considered the gold standard. TWT categories included 0, 15, 30–60, and 120 minutes, and were associated with triage categories red, orange, yellow, and green, respectively. Differences in agreement were tested for significance. One hundred and eighty‐five dogs and 300 cats fulfilled the inclusion criteria. TWT‐N and TWT‐R agreed on 30 cases of 67 (44.8%) in triage category red and 22 of 89 (24.7%) in category orange. TWT‐VTL and TWT‐R agreed on 64 cases of 67 (95.5%) in category red and 75 of 89 (84.3%) in category orange. Agreement between TWT‐VTL and TWT‐R (Pearson's R = 0.848) was significantly greater (P < 0.001) than agreement between TWT‐N and TWT‐R (Pearson's R = 0.519).ConclusionsIntuitive triage performed by veterinary nurses showed significantly less correlation with TWT‐R than triage performed with the VTL. A short physical examination in all emergency patients appears to be essential in recognizing critical disease. The use of a standardized VTL can help to categorize veterinary emergency patients.
Pulse pressure variation and systolic pressure variation in horses undergoing general anesthesia
Authors: Langdon Fielding C. , Stolba Diana N. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIntroductionChanges in arterial pressure due to respiratory phases have been used to predict fluid responsiveness in a number of species and pulse pressure variation (PPV) and systolic pressure variation (SPV) are commonly used. The relationship between PPV and SPV has not been described in horses.ObjectivesTo describe and compare PPV and SPV values of horses under general anesthesia.MethodsTwenty‐six horses undergoing general anesthesia and receiving mechanical ventilation were enrolled in the study. Recordings of maximal and minimal values of pulse pressure and systolic pressure were calculated every 15 minutes throughout surgery.ResultsInitial PPV was 15.6% (7.9, 33.8) and decreased over the first 30 minutes to 10.7 ± 7.2% (P = 0.03). Initial SPV was 10.3 ± 2.6% and decreased over the first 30 minutes to 7.3 ± 3.3% (P = 0.004). PPV and SPV had a correlation coefficient of 0.52 (P < 0.0001) and a 95% limits of agreement from −7.1% to 14.4%.ConclusionPPV and SPV measurements in horses do not have strong agreement.
A retrospective study of circadian and seasonal presentations of dogs with congestive heart failure: 119 cases (1997–2009)
Authors: Steinberg Gary R. , Byron Julie K. , Mahoney Megan M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo test the hypothesis that there is a daily or seasonal rhythm in the presentation of congestive heart failure (CHF) in dogs.DesignRetrospective case series from 1997 to 2009.SettingSmall animal veterinary teaching hospital.AnimalsOne hundred and nineteen dogs with 126 acute presentations of CHF.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsMedical records from a veterinary teaching hospital were searched for the occurrence of CHF. The effect of admission time, weekday, month, and season were analyzed separately using chi‐square tests. CHF presentations were largely confined to Monday and Tuesday (57%) and between 9 am and 11:59 am (55%). CHF was more common during September, October, and November (37%).ConclusionsInformation from this study may assist veterinarians in educating clients about the timing of clinical signs, and enable veterinary hospitals to anticipate CHF cases during certain times of the day and year.
Astrocyte origin of activity‐dependent release of ATP and glutamate in hippocampal slices: real‐time measurement utilizing microelectrode biosensors
Authors: Sershen Henry 
Published: June 2012

It is well known that astrocytic and neuronal transmitter release processes are important for signalling, and that activity‐dependent release of adenosine nucleotides and transmitters occurs after stimulation. Neurons and astrocytes can account for the source of ATP efflux. In this issue of the BJP, Heinrich et al. characterized K+ depolarization‐evoked release of ATP, adenosine and glutamate in hippocampal slices, utilizing microelectrode biosensors for simultaneous real‐time recordings of multiple transmitter effluxes. They demonstrated efflux of ATP, adenosine and glutamate from hippocampus slices, in response to K+‐depolarization, with distinct kinetics and mechanisms, suggesting a coordinated pattern of transmitter release. Surprisingly, it turned out that a considerable amount of the transmitter efflux measured under these conditions had a glial origin. For a long time, it was believed that the glial cell did not play a major role in neurotransmission, but the latter results somewhat change this view. The release of ATP and glutamate from glial cells under these conditions involved P2X7 receptors, and a source of adenosine accumulation independent of the metabolism of extracellular ATP was identified. This study also highlighted a novel use of multi‐enzymatic microelectrode biosensors, which enabled a better characterization of transmitter release processes with higher temporal and spatial resolution than obtained previously. This technique was originally developed and used for the detection of purine release. In the present study, it was modified to identify the interplay between different transmitters, measured simultaneously in hippocampal slices.LINKED ARTICLE This article is a commentary on Heinrich et al., pp. 1003–1020 of this issue. To view this paper visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476‐5381.2012.01932.x
CGRP and NO in the Trigeminal System: Mechanisms and Role in Headache Generation
Authors: Messlinger Karl , Lennerz Jochen K. , Eberhardt Mirjam , Fischer Michael J.M. 
Published: June 2012

Calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) and metabolic products of nitric oxide (NO) are increased in jugular venous plasma during migraine attacks and other primary headaches. Patients suffering from primary headaches are particularly sensitive to CGRP and NO donors responding with delayed headaches to an infusion of either of these substances. Accordingly, both CGRP and NO are considered as key mediators in migraine, and clinical trials have shown that inhibitors of CGRP receptors and NO synthase are effective in treating migraine. There is an implicit understanding that CGRP and NO systems interact, and here, we review the body of preclinical work on these systems focusing on the trigeminovascular system in migraine.NO derives from various cell types via 3 isoforms of NO synthase, whereas CGRP is produced from a subset of trigeminal afferents. In rodents, NO donors cause activity alterations on different levels of the trigeminal system including enhancement of CGRP release, which in turn results in arterial vasodilatation and possibly mast cell degranulation in the meninges. The activity of spinal trigeminal neurons, which is a sensitive integrative measure for trigeminal activity, is partly under the control of CGRP and NO. Both mediators facilitate nociceptive transmission, possibly via presynaptic mechanisms. These functions are supported by immunolocalization of CGRP receptor components on 3 trigeminovascular levels: cranial dura mater, trigeminal ganglion, and spinal trigeminal nucleus.Current data support a relationship of CGRP and NO actions on all levels of the trigeminovascular system and emphasize central CGRP receptors as possible therapeutic targets.
Tobacco Quitlines Need to Assess and Intervene with Callers' Hazardous Drinking
Authors: Toll Benjamin A. , Cummings K. Michael , O'Malley Stephanie S. , Carlin‐Menter Shannon , McKee Sherry A. , Hyland Andrew , Wu Ran , Hopkins Jessica , Celestino Paula 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundBased on published data showing that daily smokers have high rates of hazardous drinking and higher rates of smoking relapse, we hypothesized that New York State Smokers' Quitline (NYSSQL) callers would exhibit elevated rates of risky drinking and risky drinking callers would report lower rates of smoking cessation.MethodsWe assessed rates of hazardous drinking among 88,479 callers to the NYSSQL using modified NIAAA guidelines. Using 2 routine NYSSQL short‐term follow‐up interviews (n = 14,123 and n = 24,579) and a 3‐month follow‐up interview (n = 2,833), we also compared smoking cessation rates for callers who met criteria for hazardous drinking compared to moderate drinkers and nondrinkers.ResultsAt baseline, 56% of callers reported drinking, and 23% reported hazardous drinking using modified NIAAA guidelines. Hazardous drinkers did not differ on measures of smoking cessation outcomes compared to nondrinkers but did have lower smoking cessation rates compared to persons who reported moderate alcohol consumption for the enhanced services program 1‐week follow‐up (adjusted OR [95% CI] = 1.09 [1.01, 1.17], p = 0.04) and the standard 2‐week follow‐up (adjusted OR [95% CI] = 1.17 [1.07, 1.29], p = 0.001).ConclusionsNearly a quarter of smokers calling the NYSSQL reported a hazardous drinking pattern, which was associated with lower cessation outcomes compared to those who reported a moderate drinking profile. Given the large number of high‐risk drinkers who can be identified through a quitline, tobacco quitlines may provide a venue for providing brief alcohol interventions to these high‐risk drinkers. Future studies should evaluate whether a brief alcohol intervention would result in improved smoking cessation rates for hazardous drinking smokers.
Department of Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Centers: Translating Aging Research into Clinical Geriatrics
Authors: Supiano Mark A. , Alessi Cathy , Chernoff Ronni , Goldberg Andrew , Morley John E. , Schmader Kenneth E. , Shay Kenneth ,   Writing on behalf of the GRECC Directors Association
Published: June 2012

Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Centers (GRECCs) originated in 1975 in response to the rapidly aging veteran population. Since its inception, the GRECC program has made major contributions to the advancement of aging research, geriatric training, and clinical care within and outside the VA. GRECCs were created to conduct translational research to enhance the clinical care of future aging generations. GRECC training programs also provide leadership in educating healthcare providers about the special needs of older persons. GRECC programs are also instrumental in establishing robust clinical geriatric and aging research programs at their affiliated university schools of medicine. This report identifies how the GRECC program has successfully adapted to changes that have occurred in VA since 1994, when the program's influence on U.S. geriatrics was last reported, focusing on its effect on advancing clinical geriatrics in the last 10 years. This evidence supports the conclusion that, after more than 30 years, the GRECC program remains a vibrant “jewel in the crown of the VA” and is poised to make contributions to aging research and clinical geriatrics well into the future.
Effect of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease on Cognitive Test Performance and Cognitive Change in Older Adults
Authors: Köhler Mirjam , Kliegel Matthias , Kaduszkiewicz Hanna , Bachmann Cadja , Wiese Birgitt , Bickel Horst , Mösch Edelgard , Weyerer Siegfried , Werle Jochen , Fuchs Angela , Pentzek Michael , Leicht Hanna , König Hans‐Helmut , Luppa Melanie , Riedel‐Heller Steffi , Jessen Frank , Maier Wolfgang , Scherer Martin , Wagner Michael ,   for the Ageing, Cognition and Dementia in Primary Care Patients (AgeCoDe) study group
Published: June 2012

ObjectivesTo examine the effect of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases on initial cognitive test performance and rate of change in three cognitive measures.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingGeneral practices in six towns throughout Germany.ParticipantsThree thousand three hundred twenty‐seven participants aged 75 and older (average 79.7 ± 3.6).MeasurementsData were collected during home visits every 18 months and included sociodemographic variables, depression, disease status, drug intake, and cognition.ResultsAlthough the presence of transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke and diabetes mellitus was related to poor initial cognitive test performance, the presence of those and other far‐reaching chronic diseases or a higher disease burden were not related to the rate of change in cognition over time.ConclusionDiabetes mellitus, stroke and TIA affect cognitive test performance beyond well‐known sociodemographic variables and depressive symptoms, although none of these diseases contributed to cognitive decline over time. In practical terms, prevention and diagnosis of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases may be essential to cognitively healthy aging.
Effects of Crystal Structure on the Microwave Dielectric Properties of ABO4 (A = Ni,Mg,Zn and B = Mo,W) Ceramics
Authors: Kim Eung Soo , Jeon Chang Jun , Clem Paul G. 
Published: June 2012

The dependence of microwave dielectric properties on the crystal structure, bond character, and electronic characteristics of AMoO4 and AWO4 (A = Ni, Mg, Zn) ceramics was investigated. The dielectric constant (K) of specimens was principally affected by the dielectric polarizabilities, molar volume, and electronic oxide polarizabilities. MgMoO4 and AWO4 (A = Ni, Mg, Zn) display a single phase monoclinic wolframite structure, whereas ZnMoO4 is a single phase triclinic wolframite structure. The quality factor (Qf) of AWO4 was higher than that of AMoO4 (A = Mg, Zn); these results were attributed to the packing fraction due to effective ionic size. The temperature coefficient of the resonant frequency (TCF) of the specimens was dependent on the cations' bond valence between the cation and oxygen ions. This suggests the ability to tailor ABO4 microwave K, Qf, and TCF via ionic design rules.
Composition‐Property‐Structure Correlations of Scandium Aluminosilicate Glasses Revealed by Multinuclear 45Sc, 27Al, and 29Si Solid‐State NMR
Authors: Pahari Bholanath , Iftekhar Shahriar , Jaworski Aleksander , Okhotnikov Kirill , Jansson Kjell , Stevensson Baltzar , Grins Jekabs , Edén Mattias 
Published: June 2012

Many features of aluminosilicate glasses incorporating a rare‐earth (RE) ion are dictated by its mass and cation field strength (CFS). Sc–Al–Si–O glasses are interesting because Sc3+ exhibits the highest CFS but the lowest mass of all RE3+ ions. We explore relationships between the glass composition and several physical properties, such as density, glass‐transition temperature (Tg), Vickers hardness, and refractive index, over the glass forming region of the ternary Sc2O3–Al2O3–SiO2 system. The glasses exhibit uniform and unexpectedly low Tg‐values (≈875°C), but a high microhardness (≈9.3 GPa) that correlates with the Sc2O3 content. 29Si magic‐angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy shows enhanced deshielding and a minor glass‐network ordering as either the Al or Sc content of the glass increases. 27Al MAS NMR reveals that besides the expected AlO4 tetrahedra, substantial amounts of AlO5 (31%–35%) and AlO6 (≈5%) polyhedra are present in all Sc–Al–Si–O glass structures. 45Sc isotropic chemical shifts (≈92 ppm) derived from MAS and 3QMAS (triple‐quantum MAS) NMR experiments are consistent with ScO6 environments.
Sol‐Gel Production ofCe0.8Gd0.2O1.9Nanopowders Using Sucrose and Pectin as Organic Precursors
Authors: Wang Zihua , Kale Girish M. , Ghadiri Mojtaba 
Published: June 2012

The gadolinium‐doped ceria (CGO) is of great interest as oxide ion conducing solid electrolyte for intermediate and low‐temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) operation. In this investigation, high‐purity nanopowders of cerium gadolinium oxide (CGO,Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9) are synthesized by sol‐gel method using sucrose as an organic chelating agent and pectin for gelation. The results of this investigation indicate that the final particle size of approximately 8 nm can be obtained after calcination of the predried gel at 500°C for 2 h in ambient air. An insight in to the calcination process has been obtained by using simultaneous thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC). Powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) confirms that all samples crystallized as single phase cubicCGOpowders with no trace of impurity. The mean crystallite sizes calculated fromXRDanalysis using Rietveld refinement method agree with the morphological features observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The nanopowders produced in this study exhibit negligible strain as indicated by Rietveld refinement procedure. The nominal composition ofCGOhas been found to be in excellent agreement with that determined independently using energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) and inductively coupled plasma—atomic emission spectrometry analysis (ICP–AES). TheXRDandTEManalyses indicate that there is a significant influence of calcination temperature on the crystal size, which increases with increasing temperature for a fixed annealing time.
Maxillary sinus augmentation with iliac autograft – a health‐economic analysis
Authors: Truedsson A. , Hjalte K. , Sunzel B. , Warfvinge G. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPurposeTo estimate and compare the costs of maxillary sinus augmentation performed with autologous bone graft either from the iliac crest or from local bone harvested from the mandibula. To evaluate post‐operative health‐related quality‐of‐life parameters for patients subjected to sinus augmentation and iliac bone surgery.Material and methodsThe hospital records of 14 patients subjected to sinus augmentation with iliac autograft, and 14 patients treated with local autograft, were analysed with regard to costs related to surgery, hospitalization and sick leave. Post‐operative health parameters were assessed with a questionnaire.ResultsMean hospital costs, administration excluded, for sinus augmentation with iliac autograft was €3447. Policlinic treatment alternatives e.g. local bone autograft with or without bone substitutes, rendered costs of approximately 42% thereof. The loss of production for a worker was 41% of the total cost (€9285). With regard to health‐related quality‐of‐life and post‐operative morbidity, most of the patients had recovered 14 days after the iliac graft surgery.ConclusionThe cost for a sinus augmentation with iliac surgery exceeds that of a policlinic procedure manifold. Provided that a policlinic operation with local bone, with or without bone substitute, renders an adequate end result, the economic gain would be substantial and post‐operative morbidity would be greatly reduced.
Recurrence patterns of oral leukoplakia after curative surgical resection: important factors that predict the risk of recurrence and malignancy
Authors: Kuribayashi Yuri , Tsushima Fumihiko , Sato Masaru , Morita Kei‐ichi , Omura Ken 
Published: June 2012

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41: 682–688Background:  Oral leukoplakia can be treated using a variety of treatment procedures; however, the lesions recur in many cases irrespective of the treatment procedure used. The rate of recurrence was from 7.7% to 38.1%. This study aims to identify the important factors that can lower the risk of recurrence of oral leukoplakia treated by curative surgical resection.Methods:  The clinical records of 52 patients with oral leukoplakia (53 lesions) who underwent curative surgical resection between 2004 and 2009 were retrospectively analyzed for the rate of recurrence, clinical outcome, epithelial dysplasia, lesion location, and resection margins.Results:  The recurrence rate following curative surgical resection was 15.1%, with the most common site being the gingiva. Malignant transformation occurred in a single patient (1.9%). Minimal resection margins (<3 mm) were observed in many patients with recurrent disease, and recurrence was more likely in cases with positive margins (epithelial abnormalities at the resection margins) than in those with negative margins. There was no significant association between recurrence and the degree of epithelial dysplasia.Conclusions:  Our data suggest that surgical resection of oral leukoplakia is curative only if all areas of epithelial abnormalities are identified and resected. Moreover, an adequate resection margin may reduce the risk of recurrence.