bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term nose-only cigarette smoke exposure induces emphysema and mild skeletal muscle dysfunction in mice
Authors: Rinaldi Manuela , Maes Karen , De Vleeschauwer Stéphanie , Thomas Debby , Verbeken Erik K. , Decramer Marc , Janssens Wim , Gayan-Ramirez Ghislaine N 
Published: January 2012

Summary
Mouse models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) focus on airway inflammation and lung histology, but their use has been hampered by the lack of pulmonary function data in their assessment. Systemic effects such as muscle dysfunction are also poorly modeled in emphysematous mice. We aimed to develop a cigarette-smoke-induced emphysema mouse model in which serial lung function and muscular dysfunction could be assessed, allowing the disease to be monitored more appropriately. C57Bl6 mice were nose-only exposed to cigarette smoke or filtered air for 3-6 months. Lung function tests were repeated in the same mice after 3 and 6 months of cigarette smoke or air exposure and compared with lung histological changes. Contractile properties of skeletal muscles and muscle histology were also determined at similar time points in separate groups of mice. Serial lung function measurements documented hyperinflation after 3 and 6 months of cigarette smoke exposure, with a significant 31-37% increase in total lung capacity (TLC) and a significant 26-35% increase in compliance (Cchord) when compared with animals exposed to filtered air only (P&lt;0.001 after 3 and after 6 months). These functional changes preceded the changes in mean linear intercept, which became only significant after 6 months of cigarette smoke exposure and which correlated very well with TLC (r=0.74, P=0.004) and Cchord (r=0.79, P=0.001). After 6 months of cigarette smoke exposure, a significant fiber-type shift from IIa to IIx/b was also observed in the soleus muscle (P&lt;0.05), whereas a 20% reduction of force was present at high stimulation frequencies (80 Hz; P=0.09). The extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle was not affected by cigarette smoke exposure. These serial pulmonary function variables are sensitive outcomes to detect emphysema progression in a nose-only cigarette-smoke-exposed animal model of COPD. In this model, muscular changes became apparent only after 6 months, particularly in muscles with a mixed fiber-type composition.
The Jobseeker Assessment of Employability: Preliminary Evidence
Authors: Bull Gregory J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis study reports the results of a preliminary study to develop a measure of employability for use in vocational rehabilitation settings. The instrument was piloted on 20 volunteer jobseeker participants then modified and trialled with a further 73 jobseeker participants. The partial credit Rasch model was applied to determine if the items formed a unidimensional construct. A 22-item Job Seeker Assessment of Employability scale resulted. The data support a developmental model of vocational rehabilitation that depicts jobseeker employability on a continuum.
Barriers to Physical Activity in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury: A Western Australian Study
Authors: Roberton Terri , Bucks Romola S. , Skinner Timothy C. , Allison Gary T. , Dunlop Sarah A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis study examined barriers to physical activity reported individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) and the degree to which these barriers differed across varying degrees of independence. Participants were 65 individuals recruited from the Western Australian Spinal Cord Injury database. Data on physical activity participation and perceived barriers to physical activity participation were collected using a cross-sectional survey and analysed using independent samples t-tests. We found that, regardless of level of ambulation or ability to transfer, few participants reported being physically active. While there were no significant differences in the amount of barriers reported by individuals with different levels of independence, the type of barriers reported varied across groups.
Rehabilitation Judgments With Incomplete Information: A Case Study
Authors: Athanasou James A 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis case study outlines the accuracy of a rehabilitation counsellor in judgments of the quality of life of actual cases comprising accident victims. Up to seven cues of information relating to health, energy, daily activities, self, personal relations, money and living conditions were provided to the counsellor. He/she had to decide whether the clients considered their own quality of life to be poor or good. The counsellor was consistent in his/her judgments (test–retest reliability = .79). The counsellor was accurate in 60% of cases, but this is only marginally better than an automatic decision that every accident victim is dissatisfied with his/her quality of life. The judgment accuracy was suboptimal. It was influenced by a reliance (93%) on satisfaction with personal relationships, whereas basic issues such as money for everyday living were more important in predicting quality of life. It did not appear that increasing the amount of information led to an increase in accuracy. The correlation between accuracy and the number of cues was very low (-.160).
Construction and Validation of a Supervisor Principle Ethics Scale
Authors: Schultz Jared C. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPsychometric properties on a newly developed Supervisor Principle Ethics Scale (SPES) are reported. The SPES was created to measure supervisees' perceptions of supervisors' use of ethical principles (Autonomy, Beneficence/Nonmaleficence, Justice, Veracity, Fidelity). Participants were vocational rehabilitation counsellors with a state agency in the United States (US) (Males = 38, Females = 49). They completed the SPES and the Supervisory Working Alliance-Trainee Form (Efstation, Patton, & Kardash, 1990). The five factors of the SPES were significantly correlated with the Supervisory Working Alliance-Trainee Form (SWAI-T), suggesting evidence of construct validity. Potential uses for the SPES in research and training activities are discussed.
Modified Aerosol Routes to Core-Shell Nano-Energetic Materials Synthesis
Authors: Feng Jingyu , Chowdhury Snehaunshu , Jian Guoqiang , Zachariah Michael R. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTFollowing the generic strategy of creating core-shell structured nanoparticles reported by our group previously [1] and exploring its applications, an aerosol route combined with iron carbonyl decomposition was developed to encapsulate strong oxidizer within mild oxidizer particles. This modified method enables the application of hygroscopic nano-energetic materials by stabilizing them within a water-insoluble shell. Fe2O3/I2O5 composite oxidizers have been created. Some of the results obtained from combustion tests show that the composite system significantly outperforms the single metal oxide (Fe2O3) system in both pressurization rate and peak pressure. The time-resolved mass spectrometry shows that a significant amount of O2 and I2 are released from the composite oxidizers. These preliminary results suggest a supplement to the previous strategy of obtaining the core-shell structured composite oxidizers and the method still needs to be further optimized.
Stress Velopharyngeal Incompetence in Collegiate Trombone Players
Authors: Bennett Kassidy , Hoit Jeannette D. 
Published: January 2012

Objectives Symptoms of stress velopharyngeal incompetence (SVPI) have been reported by many wind instrument players. The current study was designed to determine (1) if symptoms of SVPI were accompanied by aeromechanical signs of SVPI and (2) if signs of SVPI differed across musical tasks. Design Participants were studied during a single recording session. Setting The study was conducted in a university laboratory. Participants Participants were 10 collegiate trombone players. They were separated into two groups: six who reported symptoms of SVPI and four who reported no symptoms. Main Outcome Measure Nasal pressure recorded during trombone playing was used to determine velopharyngeal status (open or closed). Results None of the participants exhibited an open velopharynx during trombone playing; however, all participants had positive nasal pressure (indicating an open velopharynx) immediately prior to sound onset on at least some of their breath groups. Two participants had positive nasal pressure prior to the vast majority of their productions and were given biofeedback and instruction to change this behavior. Conclusions Symptoms of SVPI do not necessarily indicate the presence of a velopharyngeal-nasal leak during wind instrument playing but may reflect awareness of air leaks immediately prior to sound production. Pre-sound velopharyngeal-nasal air leaks may be amenable to behavioral modification by biofeedback and instruction. Nasal pressure measurement (using a nasal cannula) provides a simple, yet powerful, way to identify SVPI.
Patterns of Treatment Utilization Before Suicide Among Male Veterans With Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Ilgen Mark A. , Conner Kenneth R. , Roeder Kathryn M. , Blow Frederic C. , Austin Karen , Valenstein Marcia 
Published: January 2012

Objectives. We sought to describe the extent and nature of contact with the health care system before suicide among veterans with substance use disorders (SUDs). Methods. We examined all male Veterans Health Administration patients who died by suicide between October 1, 1999, and September 30, 2007, and who had a documented SUD diagnosis during the 2 years before death (n = 3132). Results. Over half (55.5%; n = 1740) of the male patients were seen during the month before suicide, and 25.4% (n = 796) were seen during the week before suicide. In examining those with a medical visit in the year before suicide (n = 2964), most of the last visits before suicide (56.6%; n = 1679) were in a general medical setting, 32.8% (n = 973) were in a specialty mental health setting, and 10.5% (n = 312) were in SUD treatment. Conclusions. Men with SUDs who died from suicide were frequently seen in the month before their death. Most were last seen in general medical settings, although a substantial minority of those with SUDs was seen in specialty mental health settings.
Veterans and Suicide: A Reexamination of the National Death Index–Linked National Health Interview Survey
Authors: Miller Matthew , Barber Catherine , Young Melissa , Azrael Deborah , Mukamal Kenneth , Lawler Elizabeth 
Published: January 2012

Objectives. We assessed the risk of suicide among veterans compared with nonveterans.Methods. Cox proportional hazards models estimated the relative risk of suicide, by self-reported veteran status, among 500 822 adult male participants in the National Death Index (NDI)–linked National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a nationally representative cohort study.Results. A total of 482 male veterans died by suicide during 1 837 886 person-years of follow-up (76% by firearm); 835 male nonveterans died by suicide during 4 438 515 person-years of follow-up (62% by firearm). Crude suicide rates for veterans and nonveterans were, respectively, 26.2 and 18.8 per 100 000 person-years. The risk of suicide was not significantly higher among veterans, compared with nonveterans, after adjustment for differences in age, race, and survey year (hazard ratio = 1.11; 95% confidence interval = 0.96, 1.29).Conclusions. Consistent with most studies of suicide risk among veterans of conflicts before Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom, but in contrast to a previous study using the NDI-linked NHIS data, we found that male veterans responding to the NHIS were modestly, but not significantly, at higher risk for suicide compared with male nonveterans.
Sleep Disturbance Preceding Suicide Among Veterans
Authors: Pigeon Wilfred R. , Britton Peter C. , Ilgen Mark A. , Chapman Ben , Conner Kenneth R. 
Published: January 2012

Objectives. We examined the role of sleep disturbance in time to suicide since the last treatment visit among veterans receiving Veterans Health Administration (VHA) services.Methods. Among 423 veteran suicide decedents from 2 geographic areas, systematic chart reviews were conducted on the 381 (90.1%) who had a VHA visit in the last year of life. Veteran suicides with a documented sleep disturbance (45.4%) were compared with those without sleep disturbance (54.6%) on time to death since their last VHA visit using an accelerated failure time model.Results. Veterans with sleep disturbance died sooner after their last visit than did those without sleep disturbance, after we adjusted for the presence of mental health or substance use symptoms, age, and region.Conclusions. Findings indicated that sleep disturbance was associated with time to suicide in this sample of veterans who died by suicide. The findings had implications for using the presence of sleep disturbance to detect near-term risk for suicide and suggested that sleep disturbance might provide an important intervention target for a subgroup of at-risk veterans.
Suicide Among Veterans in 16 States, 2005 to 2008: Comparisons Between Utilizers and Nonutilizers of Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Services Based on Data From the National Death Index, the National Violent Death Reporting System, and VHA Administrative Records
Authors: Katz Ira R. , McCarthy John F. , Ignacio Rosalinda V. , Kemp Janet 
Published: January 2012

Objectives. We sought to compare suicide rates among veterans utilizing Veterans Health Administration (VHA) services versus those who did not. Methods. Suicide rates from 2005 to 2008 were estimated for veterans in the 16 states that fully participated in the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS), using data from the National Death Index, NVDRS, and VHA records. Results. Between 2005 and 2008, veteran suicide rates differed by age and VHA utilization status. Among men aged 30 years and older, suicide rates were consistently higher among VHA utilizers. However, among men younger than 30 years, rates declined significantly among VHA utilizers while increasing among nonutilizers. Over these years, an increasing proportion of male veterans younger than 30 years received VHA services, and these individuals had a rising prevalence of diagnosed mental health conditions. Conclusions.The higher rates of suicide for utilizers of VHA among veteran men aged 30 and older were consistent with previous reports about which veterans utilize VHA services. The increasing rates of mental health conditions in utilizers younger than 30 years suggested that the decreasing relative rates in this group were related to the care provided, rather than to selective enrollment of those at lower risk for suicide.
Use of the Air Force Post-Deployment Health Reassessment for the Identification of Depression and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Public Health Implications for Suicide Prevention
Authors: McCarthy Michael D. , Thompson Sanna J. , Knox Kerry L. 
Published: January 2012

Objectives. Military members are required to complete the Post-Deployment Health Assessment on return from deployment and the Post-Deployment Health Reassessment (PHDRA) 90 to 180 days later, and we assessed the PDHRA’s sensitivity and specificity in identifying posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression after a military deployment among US Air Force personnel. Methods. We computed the PDHRA’s sensitivity and specificity for depression and PTSD and developed a structural model to suggest possible improvements to it. Results. For depression, sensitivity and specificity were 0.704 and 0.651, respectively; for PTSD, they were 0.774 and 0.650, respectively. Several variables produced significant direct effects on depression and trauma, suggesting that modifications could increase its sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions. The PDHRA was moderately effective in identifying airmen with depression and PTSD. It identified behavioral health concerns in many airmen who did not develop a diagnostic mental health condition. Its low level of specificity may result in reduced barriers to care and increased support services, key components of a public health approach to suicide prevention, for airmen experiencing subacute levels of distress after deployment, which may, in part, account for lower suicide rates among airmen after deployment.
Mental and Physical Health Status and Alcohol and Drug Use Following Return From Deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan
Authors: Eisen Susan V. , Schultz Mark R. , Vogt Dawne , Glickman Mark E. , Elwy A. Rani , Drainoni Mari-Lynn , Osei-Bonsu Princess E. , Martin James 
Published: January 2012

Objectives. We examined (1) mental and physical health symptoms and functioning in US veterans within 1 year of returning from deployment, and (2) differences by gender, service component (Active, National Guard, other Reserve), service branch (Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines), and deployment operation (Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom [OEF/OIF]). Methods. We surveyed a national sample of 596 OEF/OIF veterans, oversampling women to make up 50% of the total, and National Guard and Reserve components to each make up 25%. Weights were applied to account for stratification and nonresponse bias. Results. Mental health functioning was significantly worse compared with the general population; 13.9% screened positive for probable posttraumatic stress disorder, 39% for probable alcohol abuse, and 3% for probable drug abuse. Men reported more alcohol and drug use than did women, but there were no gender differences in posttraumatic stress disorder or other mental health domains. OIF veterans reported more depression or functioning problems and alcohol and drug use than did OEF veterans. Army and Marine veterans reported worse mental and physical health than did Air Force or Navy veterans. Conclusions. Continuing identification of veterans at risk for mental health and substance use problems is important for evidence-based interventions intended to increase resilience and enhance treatment.
Comparison of two methods for analyzing kinetic gait data in dogs
Authors: Al-Nadaf Sami , Torres Bryan T. , Budsberg Steven C. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Objective—To compare results of single-point kinetic gait analysis (peak and impulse) with those of complete gait waveform analysis.
Animals—15 healthy adult mixed-breed dogs.
Procedures—Dogs were trotted across 2 force platforms (velocity, 1.7 to 2.1 m/s; acceleration and deceleration, 0.5 m/s2). Five valid trials were recorded on each testing day. Testing days 1 and 2 were separated by 1 week, as were days 3 and 4. Testing days 1 and 2 were separated from days 3 and 4 by 1 year. A paired t test was performed to evaluate interday and interyear differences for vertical and craniocaudal propulsion peak forces and impulses. Vertical and craniocaudal propulsion force-time waveforms were similarly compared by use of generalized indicator function analysis (GIFA).
Results—Vertical and craniocaudal propulsion peak forces and impulses did not differ significantly between days 1 and 2 or days 3 and 4. When data were compared between years, no significant differences were found for vertical impulse and craniocaudal propulsion peak force and impulse, but differences were detected for vertical peak force. The GIFA of the vertical and craniocaudal force-time waveforms identified significant interday and interyear differences. These results were identical for both hind limbs.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Findings indicated that when comparing kinetic data overtime, additional insight may be gleaned from GIFA of the complete waveform, particularly when subtle waveform differences are present.
Comparison of gel column, card, and cartridge techniques for dog erythrocyte antigen 1.1 blood typing
Authors: Seth Mayank , Jackson Karen V. , Winzelberg Sarah , Giger Urs 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Objective—To compare accuracy and ease of use of a card agglutination assay, an immunochromatographic cartridge method, and a gel-based method for canine blood typing.
Sample—Blood samples from 52 healthy blood donor dogs, 10 dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA), and 29 dogs with other diseases.
Procedures—Blood samples were tested in accordance with manufacturer guidelines. Samples with low PCVs were created by the addition of autologous plasma to separately assess the effects of anemia on test results.
Results—Compared with a composite reference standard of agreement between 2 methods, the gel-based method was found to be 100% accurate. The card agglutination assay was 89% to 91% accurate, depending on test interpretation, and the immunochromatographic cartridge method was 93% accurate but 100% specific. Errors were observed more frequently in samples from diseased dogs, particularly those with IMHA. In the presence of persistent autoagglutination, dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA) 1.1 typing was not possible, except with the immunochromatographic cartridge method.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The card agglutination assay and immunochromatographic cartridge method, performed by trained personnel, were suitable for in-clinic emergency DEA 1.1 blood typing. There may be errors, particularly for samples from dogs with IMHA, and the immunochromatographic cartridge method may have an advantage of allowing typing of samples with persistent autoagglutination. The laboratory gel-based method would be preferred for routine DEA 1.1 typing of donors and patients if it is available and time permits. Current DEA 1.1 typing techniques appear to be appropriately standardized and easy to use.
Micro-computed tomography of the head and dentition in cadavers of clinically normal rabbits
Authors: De Rycke Lieve M. , Boone Matthieu N. , Van Caelenberg Annemie I. , Dierick Manuel , Van Hoorebeke Luc , van Bree Henri , Gielen Ingrid M. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Objective—To describe the anatomic features of dentition and surrounding structures of the head in rabbits assessed by use of a newly developed micro-computed tomography (CT) device.
Sample—Cadavers of 7 clinically normal adult Dendermonde White domestic rabbits raised for human consumption.
Procedures—The rabbits were slaughtered in a slaughterhouse, flayed, and decapitated; the rabbit heads were frozen for micro-CT examination. Transverse images were obtained from the nares to the occipital condyles with a custom-designed micro-CT scanner built at the Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography. Scan settings were chosen to highlight bony structures on the basis of the designers' experience. The micro-CT images were reviewed, and all recognizable anatomic features were labeled. Afterward, micro-CT images were used to create 3-D reconstructions by use of a custom-developed reconstruction package and 3-D rendering with dedicated software.
Results—Microstructures of the bones and teeth were clearly visible on micro-CT images. Conversely, soft tissue contrast was relatively poor on these images.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Micro-CT appeared to be a promising technique for appropriate diagnosis of dental disease in rabbits. Further research is needed to determine the clinical applications of micro-CT imaging.