bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salivary levels of catalase, total antioxidant capacity and interleukin‐1β and oral health‐related quality of life after matcha and green tea consumption for patients with gingivitis: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Abdul‐Wahab Hind Yarub , Salah Rasha , Abdulbaqi Hayder Raad 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the changes in salivary levels of catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and IL‐1β (primary outcomes) as well as gingival health and oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQOL) 1 month after the consumption of matcha and green tea in adult patients with gingivitis.MethodsThis study was a parallel randomized clinical trial. Forty gingivitis adult patients were randomly assigned to drink either matcha or green tea cup twice daily for a duration of 1 month. They were asked to keep their habitual oral hygiene measures. Plaque index (PI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded. In addition, saliva was collected at baseline and 1 month after tea consumption. Salivary levels of CAT, TAC and IL‐1β were determined by ELISA. Each participant was asked to fill OHIP‐14 questionnaire before and after tea consumption.ResultsFollowing tea intake, 40.6% of the study sample had healthy gingiva. Both groups similarly showed reductions in PI (0.32 ± 0.11–0.22 ± 0.08) and BOP (0.24 ± 0.08–0.13 ± 0.07) scores after tea consumption. There was a significant difference between mean TAC before and after matcha tea consumption only. Non‐significant reductions in salivary levels of CAT and IL‐1β were detected after tea consumption. OHRQOL of participants was improved after tea, both types, consumption.ConclusionDespite study limitations, daily consumption of matcha and green tea might be beneficial as they potentially enhance OHRQOL of individuals with gingivitis and reduce the extent of gingivitis despite non‐significant changes in salivary antioxidants and IL‐1β levels.
T cells in obesity‐associated inflammation: The devil is in the details
Authors: Valentine Yolander , Nikolajczyk Barbara S. 
Published: May 2024

SummaryObesity presents a significant health challenge, affecting 41% of adults and 19.7% of children in the United States. One of the associated health challenges of obesity is chronic low‐grade inflammation. In both mice and humans, T cells in circulation and in the adipose tissue play a pivotal role in obesity‐associated inflammation. Changes in the numbers and frequency of specific CD4+ Th subsets and their contribution to inflammation through cytokine production indicate declining metabolic health, that is, insulin resistance and T2D. While some Th subset alterations are consistent between mice and humans with obesity, some changes mainly characterize male mice, whereas female mice often resist obesity and inflammation. However, protection from obesity and inflammation is not observed in human females, who can develop obesity‐related T‐cell inflammation akin to males. The decline in female sex hormones after menopause is also implicated in promoting obesity and inflammation. Age is a second underappreciated factor for defining and regulating obesity‐associated inflammation toward translating basic science findings to the clinic. Weight loss in mice and humans, in parallel with these other factors, does not resolve obesity‐associated inflammation. Instead, inflammation persists amid modest changes in CD4+ T cell frequencies, highlighting the need for further research into resolving changes in T‐cell function after weight loss. How lingering inflammation after weight loss affecting the common struggle to maintain lower weight is unknown. Semaglutide, a newly popular pharmaceutical used for treating T2D and reversing obesity, holds promise for alleviating obesity‐associated health complications, yet its impact on T‐cell‐mediated inflammation remains unexplored. Further work in this area could significantly contribute to the scientific understanding of the impacts of weight loss and sex/hormones in obesity and obesity‐associated metabolic decline.
Non‐peer professionals' understanding of recovery and attitudes towards peer support workers joining existing community mental health teams in the North Denmark Region: A qualitative study
Authors: Lerbæk Birgitte , Johansen Kirsten , Burholt Alice Katrine , Gregersen Line Myrup , Terp Malene Østergaard , Slade Mike , Castelein Stynke , Jørgensen Rikke 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPeer support is a collaborative practice where people with lived experience of mental health conditions engage in supporting like‐minded. Peer support impacts on personal recovery and empowerment and creates value at an organisational level. However, the implementation of peer support into existing mental health services is often impeded by barriers embedded in organisational culture and support in role expectations. Non‐peer professionals' recovery orientation and attitudes towards peer support workers (PSWs) are essential factors in the implementation of peer support, and this study explored non‐peer professionals' understanding of recovery and their attitudes towards PSWs joining existing community mental health teams in one region of Denmark. In total, 17 non‐peer professionals participated in three focus groups. Thematic analysis led to three themes: (1) Recovery is a process of “getting better” and balancing personal and clinical perspectives; (2) Realising recovery‐oriented practice: a challenging task with conflicting values; and (3) Expectations and concerns about peer support workers joining the team. Recovery‐oriented practice faces challenging conditions in contemporary mental health services due to a dominant focus on biomedical aspects in care and treatment. Implementation facilitators and barriers in the employment of PSWs point towards fundamental aspects that must be present when employing PSWs in an organisation. The issues described leading up to the employment of PSWs reflected in this study underpin the importance of preparing an organisation for the employment of PSWs based on the available knowledge.
The role of MOOC forum discussion tasks in learners' cognitive engagement
Authors: Rivera Dennis A. , Frenay Mariane , Paquot Magali 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundForums in massive open online courses (MOOCs) enable written exchanges on course content; hence, they can potentially facilitate learners' cognitive engagement. Given the myriad of MOOC forum messages, this engagement is commonly analysed automatically through the linguistic features of the messages. Assessing linguistic features of learners' forum messages involves consideration of the learning tasks. MOOC forum discussion tasks, however, have not been previously considered.Objective and MethodThis study explores the effects of MOOC forum discussion tasks on learners' cognitive engagement. Based on the structure of observed learning outcomes (SOLO) taxonomy, we manually annotate distinct levels of cognitive engagement encouraged in forum discussion tasks and displayed by learners in messages starting discussions (i.e., thread starters). We study the linguistic features of thread starters in relation to the pedagogical design of the discussion tasks. Additionally, we use random‐forest modelling to identify the linguistic and task‐related features that help to categorise learners' cognitive engagement according to SOLO levels.ResultsManual analysis showed that learners' thread starters mainly reflect surface SOLO levels and include few academic words and cohesive language. Random‐forest modelling showed that these linguistic features, together with the SOLO levels encouraged in the discussion tasks, played an important role in identification of learners' cognitive engagement.Major TakeawaysOur results highlight the importance of the pedagogical design of MOOC forum tasks in helping learners engage cognitively. Our study also contributes to the empirical evidence that learners' linguistic choices can afford insights into the quality of their cognitive engagement.
Compliance with the pregnancy prevention program among women initiating isotretinoin treatment between 2014 and 2021: A nationwide cohort study on the French Health Data System (SNDS)
Authors: Havet A. , Bouvard C. , Moskal A. , Chanelière M. , Massardier J. , Lebrun‐Vignes B. , Jonville‐Bera A.‐P. , Payet C. , Viprey M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundDespite the French pregnancy prevention program (PPP), a considerable number of pregnancies are potentially exposed to oral isotretinoin. New measures were taken by the French Medicines Agency, including the restriction of initial isotretinoin prescriptions to dermatology specialists in May 2015 and a new information campaign on teratogenicity in January 2019.ObjectivesThe aims were to: describe, between 2014 and 2021, compliance with PPP recommendations: isotretinoin use as a second‐line treatment, first prescription by a dermatology specialist, monthly prescription renewal and pregnancy testing (PT); assess the effect of the 2015 and 2019 measures on PT compliance; and identify the determinants of PT noncompliance.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted among women aged 11–50 years initiating isotretinoin between 2014 and 2021 using the French Health Data System. PT compliance corresponded to pregnancy test completion and specific delays between prescription and dispensation. Time series analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of the 2015 and 2019 measures on PT compliance, and log‐binomial and Poisson multivariate regression models were used to identify the determinants of PT noncompliance.ResultsIsotretinoin was prescribed as a second‐line treatment in 64% of initiations, mainly by dermatology specialists (92%). A new monthly prescription was observed in 98% of dispensations. PT compliance reached 61%, 72% and 25% at initiation, renewals and end of treatment, respectively. The 2015 measure was associated with better PT compliance at initiation and renewals. The 2019 measure had no significant effect on PT compliance at the initiation or end of treatment but was associated with a decrease in PT compliance at renewals. Age, low socioeconomic level, initiation by a nondermatology specialist and during summer were associated with PT noncompliance.ConclusionsUnderstanding factors associated with PT noncompliance could help to target specific subpopulations of women treated with isotretinoin.
The role of bodily experiences during pregnancy on mother and infant outcomes
Authors: Munns Lydia Beatrice , Preston Catherine 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPregnancy is a transformative time for women and their bodies, and therefore thoughts and feelings and about one's own body and internal bodily sensations may understandably change during this period. Body satisfaction and interoception have been found to influence factors such as antenatal attachment (AA) and maternal mental health. However, mixed results in the literature suggest complex relationships between the bodily experience during pregnancy and outcomes, necessitating a broader investigative approach. We aim to examine the relationship between the pregnancy bodily experience and multiple mother–infant outcomes. It is hypothesised that poor bodily experiences during pregnancy will have negative impacts on these outcomes. Cross‐sectional online survey data was collected from individuals at various gestations throughout pregnancy as part of a larger longitudinal study (N = 253, mean age = 32). We analysed validated measures of pregnancy body satisfaction, interoceptive sensibility, AA and mood, as well as intentions to breastfeed. Linear regressions were used to confirm findings from previous literature and a network analysis allowed for a more exploratory approach to understanding the importance of the bodily experience during pregnancy. Multiple regressions found low body satisfaction predicts higher levels of anxiety, depression and AA. A network analysis revealed relationships between body satisfaction and interoception during pregnancy and mother–infant outcomes, including depression and AA. Our results highlight the far‐reaching effects of poor bodily experiences during pregnancy on a variety of outcomes. Understanding the impact of the pregnant bodily experience can help identify at‐risk individuals and inform interventions.
Family resilience and vulnerability of patients at diagnosis of lung cancer: A qualitative study
Authors: Zhu Jie , Li Xu‐Ting , Guo Jia‐Yi , Li Wei , Ye Man 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimTo explore and analyse the adaptation process of patients and their families at the point of lung cancer diagnosis.MethodsTotally 23 operable lung cancer patients were included in this study. Colaizzi's method of phenomenology was employed for data analysis.ResultsThis study found two different aspects of family adaptation at the diagnosis of lung cancer. For family resilience, three themes emerged: (1) Positive family belief systems (giving meaning to a cancer diagnosis and maintaining a positive/optimistic attitude), (2) Flexible family organizational patterns (maintaining the stability of family structure and function, adjusting the relationship between patients and family members and receiving external support and help) and (3) Good communication and problem‐solving strategies (open communication on an equal basis, positive and open expression of emotions and collaborative problem‐solving). For family vulnerability, three themes were as follows: (1) Negative family belief systems (negative attitudes and concealment and self‐isolation due to stigma), (2) Rigid family organizational patterns (adaptation lost, conflicts between family support and patients' willingness and pressure upon social support) and (3) Unhealthy communication and problem‐solving (poor communication, emotional asymmetry of family members and tendency to solve problems alone).ConclusionThe study highlights the existence of the family resilience and family vulnerability at the point of lung cancer diagnosis and provides patient's perspective for understanding family resilience in specific cultural contexts.Patient ContributionThe data were collected through face‐to‐face interviews.Trail registration number: ChiCTR2300074801.
A nomogram‐based prediction model for dysphagia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Fan Ying , Shi Yuxin , Wu Yunyun , Yang Fang , Zhang Chao , Gu Mengjun , Hu Pengchao , Duan Wenjie , Wang Hongli , Zhou Yumei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAim and ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of dysphagia in patients with COPD, identify the risk factors for dysphagia, develop a visual clinical prediction model and quantitatively predict the probability of developing dysphagia.BackgroundPatients with COPD are at high risk of dysphagia, which is strongly linked to the acute exacerbation of their condition. The use of effective tools to predict its risk may contribute to the early identification and treatment of dysphagia in patients with COPD.DesignA cross‐sectional design.MethodsFrom July 2021 to April 2023, we enrolled 405 patients with COPD for this study. The clinical prediction model was constructed according to the results of a univariate analysis and a logistic regression analysis, evaluated by discrimination, calibration and decision curve analysis and visualized by a nomogram. This study was reported using the TRIPOD checklist.ResultsIn total, 405 patients with COPD experienced dysphagia with a prevalence of 59.01%. A visual prediction model was constructed based on age, whether combined with cerebrovascular disease, chronic pulmonary heart disease, acute exacerbation of COPD, home noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, dyspnoea level and xerostomia level. The model exhibited excellent discrimination at an AUC of .879. Calibration curve analysis indicated a good agreement between experimental and predicted values, and the decision curve analysis showed a high clinical utility.ConclusionThe model we devised may be used in clinical settings to predict the occurrence of dysphagia in patients with COPD at an early stage.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe model can help nursing staff to calculate the risk probability of dysphagia in patients with COPD, formulate personalized preventive care measures for high‐risk groups as soon as possible to achieve early prevention or delay of dysphagia and its related complications and improve the prognosis.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Man and embryo: Historicizing ideas about humanity in the study of reproduction, 18th–19th centuries
Authors: Lacroix Chiara 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article is concerned with historicizing the idea that all people belong to a single collective of biological human beings. It analyzes implications and changes in the concept of “Man” over the 18th and 19th centuries, particularly in the study of reproduction and embryos. Examining gendered assumptions in 18th‐century generation systems shows how these theories described the formation of male more than female embryos. This asymmetry matched the idea that only rational males, standing above nature, were determinant for the concept of Man. In the 19th century, new studies pushed Man closer to the rest of the natural world, provoking a readjustment in definitions of Man and understandings of the human embryo. However, far from equalizing humanity, the 19th‐century concept of Man introduced a hierarchy in the human species based on different levels of embryonic and evolutionary development.
Test of mastication and swallowing solids in healthy individuals aged 6 to 20 years: A normative study in an Indian context
Authors: Aseef Ambreen , Dodderi Thejaswi , Muthukumar Varsha , Krishnamurthy Rahul , Balasubramanium Radish Kumar , Kothari Mohit 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe Test of Mastication and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS) is a reliable tool for assessing chewing and swallowing in healthy adults, using commercially available crackers. TOMASS‐Children (TOMASS‐C) is the paediatric version of TOMASS.ObjectiveThe present study aimed to establish normative data for TOMASS‐C using a validated regional commercial cracker among healthy individuals aged between 6–20 years of India.Methods327 healthy individuals between 6–20 years were recruited in a cross‐sectional study design following a convenient sampling procedure. Participants consumed one validated regional cracker and the procedure was video recorded. Data were stratified according to age groups (6–7, 8–9, 10–13, 14–17 and 18–20 years) and sex (boys and girls). Two Speech Language Pathologists independently analysed the video recordings to derive discrete bites, masticatory cycles, swallows and total swallow time indices. Using them, time/swallow, masticatory cycles/bite, swallows/bite and time/bite were calculated.ResultsAll parameters of TOMASS‐C had moderate to good (0.6–0.85) test–retest reliability and moderate to excellent (0.69–0.99) inter‐rater reliability at p > .000. Younger participants took more bites, chewed more times and swallowed more frequently with longer chewing and swallowing time. Boys exhibited a lower number of swallows, shorter swallow time and reduced total masticatory time at p > .05. Additionally, girls demonstrated fewer bites and chewing cycles compared to boys at p > .05.ConclusionTOMASS‐C using a validated regional cracker was feasible and reliable. Normative data established for healthy boys and girls between 6–20 years offers much‐needed quantitative data to objectively delineate individuals with and without chewing and swallowing solid food difficulties.
Cultivating the transfer landscape: Using a CRT framework to examine transfer receptivity at a Hispanic Serving Research Institution
Authors: Casanova Saskias , Alonso Blanco Valeria , Radoff Sara , Cruz Silva Francia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhen students of color transfer to Hispanic Serving Research Institutions (HSRI), they experience institutional barriers and stigmatization. Through 268 HSRI transfer students of color (TSOC) surveys and 12 interviews from four focus groups, we examined the role of stigmatization, campus relationships, and cultural strengths on TSOC's sense of belonging. Quantitative results showed greater stigmatization was associated with a lower sense of belonging, while stronger faculty and peer relationships and greater navigational and aspirational capital positively predicted a greater sense of belonging. Faculty and peer relationships mitigated the negative effects of stigmatization on sense of belonging. Qualitative results capture the intersectional marginalities experienced by our participants and how transfer receptivity was shaped by the prejudiced assumptions others have of TSOC, isolating white spaces, and a lack of transfer‐specific resources. We highlight the importance of campus relationships and students’ cultural strengths in navigating the transfer landscape and make institutional recommendations to cultivate transfer receptivity.
Sleep “ON”, sleep better! Positive effects of levodopa on sleep behaviour in people with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Costa Elisa de Carvalho , Filho Carlos Augusto Kalva , Esteves Andrea Maculano , Guelfi Érica Tardelli Neves , Vuillerme Nicolas , Barbieri Fabio Augusto 
Published: May 2024

SummaryPeople with Parkinson's disease experience reduced sleep quality compared with their peers. Levodopa may have a direct effect on sleep macrostructure or may improve sleep by enhancing nocturnal motor performance. Therefore, it is important to understand the acute effects of withdrawing levodopa on sleep measures in Parkinson's disease. The purpose of this study was to compare the estimated objective and subjective sleep measures of people with Parkinson's disease sleeping under (ON‐night) versus without (OFF‐night) the effects of the last daily dopaminergic medication before going to bed. A total of 23 people with Parkinson's disease were instructed to wear an actigraphy device for 4 consecutive nights to objectively measure the sleep behaviour. Subjective sleep measure was assessed each morning using a Likert scale. Participants slept for 3 nights on ON‐night and 1 night on OFF‐night. They were instructed not to take their last dose of levodopa before going to bed in OFF‐night. Sleeping in ON‐ versus OFF‐night increased total sleep time (7.8%, p = 0.032) and sleep efficiency (3.7%, p = 0.019), and decreased duration and number of wakes after sleep onset (22.3%, p = 0.050; and 29.2%, p = 0.013, respectively). However, subjective sleep analysis indicated no significant differences between the two conditions. From a clinical point of view, our results suggest that sleeping on ON‐night resulted in an improvement in estimated objective sleep measures compared with sleeping on OFF‐night. From a methodological point of view, our findings emphasize the importance of relying on objective sleep measurements to accurately assess OFF‐night sleep behaviour in people with Parkinson's disease.