bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A COMPARISON OF A DISADVANTAGED SAMPLE WITH A NATIONAL SAMPLE ON THE GATB
Authors: Helwig Andrew A. 
Published: December 2011

The GATB is widely used in making vocational decisions. The norms are based on a national sample tested in 1952. In the study reported here the GATB results of a sample of disadvantaged individuals were compared to the results of the 1952 sample. Significant differences were obtained for five variables: name comparison, computation, vocabulary, tool matching, and arithmetic reasoning. In each case the scores of the national sample were higher.The differences occurred on variables of an academic nature, although mean education was approximately the same in both samples. Some reasons for the differences are suggested in this article.
Introduction—Accountability or A‐ccount‐ability?
Authors: ELLIS LARRY , PROCHNOW WILLIAM 
Published: December 2011

Guest Editors Larry Ellis and William Prochnow introduce this special issue of JEC by raising questions and issues of accountability that affect all professionals in employment counseling.Past accountability definitions hare been narrowly defined using accomplishmen/cost approaches. The Manpower Administration has attempted to use this approach in the provision of and justification for counseling services. Positive outcome data have been obtained for counseled applicants, but the counseling function is still being questioned. This article proposes expanding the concept of counselor accountability and introduces a multi‐approach to accountability.
U.S. Employment Service: First 50 Years, 1933–1983
Authors: ODELL CHARLES E. 
Published: December 2011

This article reviews some of the landmarks and trends during the first 50 years of the U.S. Employment Service. It was originally written as the introductory chapter of a longer paper, “The Occupational Information Needs and Functions of the Employment Security‐Job Service,” which was submitted at the request of the Occupational Coordinating Council, Washington, D.C., March 1980. The purpose of the chapter was to describe the role and functions of the Employment Service and to show how the service could become more relevant during an age of computerized employment service operations involving highspeed electronic communications and retrieval systems.Under the Reagan administration, much of the federal‐state employment service has been systematically dismantled. The Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA) has been repealed and with it, large parts of the research, development, and counseling capacities have been wiped out. Only the great “supply side” depression of 1980–1983 saved the entire system from being demolished.
The Symbolic Identity Technique
Authors: GOUD NELSON H. 
Published: December 2011

The role of symbols in attaining total psychic growth is explained by applying concepts of C. Jung, R. Assagioli, and L. Kubie. A new strategy, the symbolic identity technique, is described.The center of the fountain is bubbling at a furious pace. There is constant movement and thousands of bubbles. It was me a few years ago as a parent frantically trying to meet the many needs of my children. Today, I am no longer in the center of the fountain, no longer the center of my children's lives. I am slowly sliding to the outer edge of the fountain where the water is calmer. Life at the outer edge requires another approach, another identity. I am changing: new friendships, new places to explore, and new ways to relate to my husband. A new life.On campus there is this pedestrian walkway over a busy street. It is tunnel shaped with a clear plastic enclosure. I was walking through this tunnel and gazing at the traffic passing below, couples walking hand‐in‐hand on the paths and people hurrying to classes. It was then that I realized I was living my whole life in a tunnel. A big project had consumed so much of my life for over a year that I could only observe, but not participate in a full life. I was like one of the characters in Hemingway's story In Another Country: “In the fall the war was always there, but we did not go to it any more.” I, too, was there in real life but did not go to it any more.—Journal entries from graduate students
Sociological Studies of Occupations as a “Way of Life”
Authors: COHEN ALBERT 
Published: December 2011

Writers on counseling continue to draw attention to earlier sociological studies of the “way of life” entailed in occupations, pointing out that they provide enriched and highly significant occupational information not contained in the literature ordinarily used in counseling. Some have indicated that such information should be introduced in counseling.Studies of the way of life of the professional dance musician have been singled out as examples of the value of such literature. The present paper reviews this set of studies, reaching the conclusion that this sample of sociological studies of occupations as a way of life should be used in counseling only with caution. Further similar studies, meeting more exacting criteria of reliability, would be desirable, since this type of information is potentially very valuable in career planning.
Interpersonal Understanding and Assumed Similarity
Authors: LEWIS WILLIAM A. , WIGEL WAYNE 
Published: December 2011

This study examined the hypotheses of (a) no difference between persons who are seen as being understanding compared with persons who are seen as not being understanding in making predictions of how a subject (S) would complete a Semantic Differential (SD); (b) S's will assume a greater similarity to those they see as being understanding than to those seen as not being understanding and (c) some aspects of similarity exist at a level other than assumed.162 ninth grade S's were asked to (a) rank members of their group on the basis of being “understanding,” (b) complete the SD, and (c) complete the SD as they expected every other person in their group to complete it. The results were in accord with hypotheses a and b, and c was partially confirmed.
Students' and Teachers' Perceptions of Student Problems
Authors: BAILEY JOHN A. , ROBERTSON ROSEMARIE V. 
Published: December 2011

Eight constellations of pupil‐problem areas, established by previous research with senior high school youth, were presented to junior high pupils to obtain their assessment of the relative severity of personal concern. Their perceptions of their own problems, and their teachers' perceptions of the ordering of their pupils' problems was coupled with the pupils' and teachers' orientations to the relative appropriateness of the school counselors' assistance to pupils in the various problem areas.The results obtained indicate that both junior and senior high pupils are far more anxious about vocational‐educational planning than their teachers believe, but both the pupils and teachers perceive school counselors to be relatively most helpful in this area of concern. Students and teachers are highly unified as they visualize counseling services to pupils; however, the teachers were largely unable to predict their pupils' primary concerns.
Using Values Clarification in Counseling Settings
Authors: GLASER BARBARA , KIRSCHENBAUM HOWARD 
Published: December 2011

Values clarification began as a counseling tool. Raths's famous seven questions about values have their origin in Socratic questioning and also owe a debt to Emerson and Dewey. Numerous strategies have been developed for the learning of values awareness. Counselors have found the clarifying question helpful in individual counseling, and they discovered clarifying strategies useful in individual and group counseling. Furthermore, values clarification has been used successfully to personalize instruction. Finally, the counselor can take advantage of values clarification for personal and professional growth. The question of research in values clarification is addressed.Leona Tyler, in reaction to this article, recalls other techniques for values discrimination.
Christian Counseling: A Synthesis of Psychological and Christian Concepts
Authors: STRONG STANLEY R. 
Published: December 2011

Strong describes an approach to counseling that synthesizes psychological processes of change with theological concepts of the Christian faith. Clients are assumed to be self‐directing and responsible for their behavior, including the changes that counseling is intended to facilitate. The counselor's junction is to equip clients to enable them to change. The key objectives in Christian counseling are described and the counseling process is reviewed in the light of these objectives. The author discusses the place of justification, responsibility, forgiveness, grace, sin, responsible loving, and prayer in the counseling process.Francis McGuire makes a response to Strong's article from a perspective that views Zen Buddhism as an integrated psychospiritual system capable of offering a critique and a complementary viewpoint.Herman Slotkin's think piece is an attempt to define and clarify some of the language and goals of moral education and propose a civic, nonsectarian perspective regarding value and moral awareness.
Some Appraised Instruments of Values for Counselors
Authors: KAVANAGH HARRY B. 
Published: December 2011

The article by Kavanagh reviews several instruments that have been available for some time but perhaps neglected by counselors. Analyzing strengths and weaknesses of these items, he concludes that their judicious use can help toward the upgrading of counseling effectiveness.Clark Power's addendum introduces what could be called the forefront of values assessment. He looks at the varied values needs of the counselor and researcher and offers information about material that is still being researched or has recently become available.
Bulimia: New Mental Health Problem on the Campus?
Authors: Domke Jane A. 
Published: December 2011

Thomas Hohenshil and Rodney K. Goodyear: Special Assignment EditorsRegina C. Casper, Elke D. Eckert, Katherine A. Halmi, Solomon C. Goldberg, and John M. Davis, Bulimia: Its Incidence and Clinical Importance in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1980, 37, 1030–1035.Paul E. Garfinkel, Harvey Moldofsky, and David M. Garner, The Heterogeneity of Anorexia Nervosa: Bulimia as a Distinct Subgroup. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1980, 37, 1036–1040.
SPECIAL CONTRIBUTORS OF SIGNED REVIEWS FOR THIS DEPARTMENT
Authors: Metcalf Ruth Clark , Kitson Harry D. , Payne Arthur F. , Toops Herbert A. , Holbrook Harold L. , Linehan William F. 
Published: December 2011

The Vocational Guidance of College Students. Lewis A. Maverick, Recorder and Lecturer in Education.Light from the North. The Danish Folk Highschools: Their Meanings for America. Joseph K. HartPrinciples of Employment Psychology. Harold Ernest BurttThe Mind at Work: In Studying, Thinking, and Reading. A Source Book and Discussion Manual. R. L. LymanEmployment Statistics for the United States. Edited by Ralph G. HurlinNew Schools for Older Students. Nathaniel Peffer.
NEW FRONTIERS IN OCCUPATIONS
Authors: Morgan Arthur E. 
Published: December 2011

It is a commonplace to say that “America” is no longer a frontier country. In the large it is unquestionably true. Throughout the depression, however, President Morgan has held to the belief (and has acted upon that belief) that there are many undiscovered frontiers within the economic complex. New occupations can be found and made; new opportunities in old occupations are waiting to be seized. The Editors of Occupations have asked Dr. Morgan to take us on a voyage of discovery and exploration. In this article, the first of a series by the man whom President Roosevelt has chosen to head the work of developing Muscle Shoals, he tells of the possibilities of one new profession and of uncanvassed opportunities in an old one.Managing public utilities can be transformed from a badly run political fob into a civically directed and efficiently conducted profession. One can prepare by combining work and study; he can start small—as a meter‐reader perhaps—and advance. The profession can attain the dignity of the superintendent of schools, but research and cooperation are necessary. Were these organized not only would present publicly owned utility systems employ trained managers, but more communities would establish such systems in the belief that they would be efficiently managed.It has been often suggested that the doctor can find great opportunities in rural districts. Dr. Morgan, wasting between planes in a mountain region, conducted a brief telephone research. He learned that there are such opportunities and he speculates upon how they may be grasped by present or future physicians.
USE OF OCCUPATIONAL INFORMATION
Authors: Brewer John M. 
Published: December 2011

Of all the needs in the field of guidance, authentic occupational information is probably the most urgent at this time. When occupations are evolving so rapidly, and many becoming passé almost over night, we must have constant study and follow‐up. Another definite need is the coordination of guidance agencies, to the end that duplication be eliminated and that good material be made available to all. Occupational information is necessary for the student endeavoring to find himself occupationally, but it should be studied by everybody from a cultural standpoint. College students study the great literatures, better to enable them to join others in cooperative refinement of society; why not study occupations from the same point of view? During 1917–18 “War Aims” courses were given to young men who were of service age; what about occupational courses now for those entering the serious business of earning a living?If there is extensive subject matter important for the conduct of human life, let classes be organized for teaching it, and put these classes alongside other subjects in the school and college curriculums.
INVESTIGATIONS IN GUIDANCE
Authors: Kefauver Grayson N. , Davis Albert M. 
Published: December 2011

Every great social movement has begun with its head in the blue sky of idealism and taken years to get its feet upon the solid ground of self‐criticism and realistic evaluation of results. Guidance is no exception. Its early days were days of propaganda; more recently the literature has been devoted largely to descriptions of guidance programs. Eventually we shall reach a period of mature self‐criticism, based upon the evaluation of carefully controlled experiments.Dean Kefauver and Mr. Davis here show that the thinking of leaders in the guidance movement is tending in this direction. Although an examination of 461 magazine articles on guidance, published in the last five years, has revealed only 140 which involved any systematic investigation, fifty‐one professors and ten directors of guidance have indicated their composite opinion that the research most needed at present is the evaluation of existing or experimental programs.
MENTAL PERILS OF UNEMPLOYMENT
Authors: Beckman R. O. 
Published: December 2011

There is the social, or socio‐economic, problem of unemployment. This problem, as it affects individuals, is not merely the problem of losing a job and finding or trying to find another. It cuts deep into the emotional life, threatens the disintegration of personality, and thus presents a problem of mental hygiene. Instinctive fear gets in its deadly licks. The sense of security is weakened, the sense of inferiority is strengthened. Accustomed activities giving opportunity for self‐assertion and self‐expression are cut off, and the underlying “drives” are blocked or diverted. Neurotic habits and attitudes may develop, and the individual, apart from his mental discomfort, may become unable to function at his normal capacity.In this article the author, understandingly and sympathetically, writes of these dangers to personality and character, explains their mechanisms, workings, and effects, and tells how they may be avoided or overcome. Chief among the means of keeping mentally fit and healthy, during the ordeal of unemployment, is knowledge—particularly self‐knowledge, but also knowledge of economic processes and vocational opportunities. How this knowledge may be used in banishing fear and preserving or regaining self‐confidence and self‐respect is described with many illustrations from actual experiences known to the author. The part played, in this application of intelligence to the personal problem of morale, not only by redirection of instinctive motivations but by loyalty to conscious life‐goals and ideals, is shown by illuminating and inspiring examples.
TUGWELL'S “The Industrial Discipline”
Authors: Dewey John 
Published: December 2011

When Professor Tugwell's book on “The Industrial Discipline and the Governmental Arts” appeared a few months ago, the editors (including the staff of the National Occupational Conference) were strongly impressed by what seemed to them a most significant contribution to the literature of socio‐economic problems. Some of the things that the author had to say seemed also to have a very direct and important bearing on problems of vocational guidance and occupational adjustment. We asked John Dewey to review the book, and we judge from the letter accompanying his manuscript that he wishes he had read it earlier and taken more time (we would gladly have granted the space) for discussing its rich contents. But he does give us one of his most forceful, suggestive and trenchant criticisms.We are also presenting to our readers a series of excerpts from the book itself, having received permission from the author and the publishers.
Electroactive Electrospun Polyaniline/Poly[(L‐lactide)‐co‐(ε‐caprolactone)] Fibers for Control of Neural Cell Function
Authors: Bhang Suk Ho , Jeong Sung In , Lee Tae‐Jin , Jun Indong , Lee Yu Bin , Kim Byung‐Soo , Shin Heungsoo 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBlends of PAni and PLCL are electrospun to prepare uniform fibers for the development of electrically conductive, engineered nerve grafts. PC12 cell viability is significantly higher on RPACL fibers than on PLCL‐only fibers, and the electrical conductivity of the fibers affects the differentiation of PC12 cells; the number of cells positively‐stained and their expression level are significantly higher on RPACL fibers. PC12 cell bodies display an oriented morphology with outgrowing neurites. On RPACL fibers, the expression level of paxillin, cdc‐42, and rac is positively affected and proteins including RhoA and ERK exist as more activated state. These results suggest that electroactive fibers may hold promise as a guidance scaffold for neuronal tissue engineering.magnified image
PloGO: Plotting gene ontology annotation and abundance in multi‐condition proteomics experiments
Authors: Pascovici Dana , Keighley Tim , Mirzaei Mehdi , Haynes Paul A. , Cooke Brett 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe describe the PloGO R package, a simple open‐source tool for plotting gene ontology (GO) annotation and abundance information, which was developed to aid with the bioinformatics analysis of multi‐condition label‐free proteomics experiments using quantitation based on spectral counting. PloGO can incorporate abundance (raw spectral counts) or normalized spectral abundance factors (NSAF) data in addition to the GO annotation, as well as handle multiple files and allow for a targeted collection of GO categories of interest. Our main aims were to help identify interesting subsets of proteins for further analysis such as those arising from a protein data set partition based on the presence and absence or multiple pair‐wise comparisons, as well as provide GO summaries that can be easily used in subsequent analyses. Though developed with label‐free proteomics experiments in mind it is not specific to that approach and can be used for any multi‐condition experiment for which GO information has been generated.
Current–voltage characteristics of cubic Al(Ga)N/GaN double barrier structures on 3C–SiC
Authors: Mietze C. , Lischka K. , As D. J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractResonant tunnelling diodes of cubic Al(Ga)N/GaN were grown by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy on 3C‐SiC (001). We observe a pronounced negative differential resistance at about 1.2 V with a peak‐to‐valley ratio (PVR) of 1.3 to 2.7 at room temperature. Experimental data is in good agreement with calculated I–V curves showing only a small deviation of 0.3 V of the resonance peak voltage. We find a decrease of the PVR when the I–V characteristic is measured repeatedly with short time intervals between the voltage‐cycles. However, the I–V characteristics can be recovered fully when the diodes are illuminated by UV‐light indicating charge trapping in our devices. Mesa structures are prepared by reactive ion etching. The size of the top ohmic contacts is (25 × 11) µm2. The Al content of the barrier material is varied between 30% and 100%.
Structural properties of metal‐organic frameworks within the density‐functional based tight‐binding method
Authors: Lukose Binit , Supronowicz Barbara , St. Petkov Petko , Frenzel Johannes , Kuc Agnieszka B. , Seifert Gotthard , Vayssilov Georgi N. , Heine Thomas 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDensity‐functional based tight‐binding (DFTB) is a powerful method to describe large molecules and materials. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), materials with interesting catalytic properties and with very large surface areas, have been developed and have become commercially available. Unit cells of MOFs typically include hundreds of atoms, which make the application of standard density‐functional methods computationally very expensive, sometimes even unfeasible. The aim of this paper is to prepare and to validate the self‐consistent charge‐DFTB (SCC‐DFTB) method for MOFs containing Cu, Zn, and Al metal centers. The method has been validated against full hybrid density‐functional calculations for model clusters, against gradient corrected density‐functional calculations for supercells, and against experiment. Moreover, the modular concept of MOF chemistry has been discussed on the basis of their electronic properties. We concentrate on MOFs comprising three common connector units: copper paddlewheels (HKUST‐1), zinc oxide Zn4O tetrahedron (MOF‐5, MOF‐177, DUT‐6 (MOF‐205)), and aluminum oxide AlO4(OH)2 octahedron (MIL‐53). We show that SCC‐DFTB predicts structural parameters with a very good accuracy (with less than 5% deviation, even for adsorbed CO and H2O on HKUST‐1), while adsorption energies differ by 12 kJ mol−1 or less for CO and water compared to DFT benchmark calculations.
Evolution of physical properties of conjugated systems
Authors: Li Wun‐Fan , Andrzejak Marcin , Witek Henryk A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractEvolution of various physical properties of finite conjugated systems with increasing molecular size is studied using the self‐consistent‐charge density‐functional tight‐binding (SCC‐DFTB) method. We usually observe a transition from the finite to the infinite regime for surprisingly short molecular chains containing only 20–30 monomer units of cis‐butadiene, cyclopentadiene, pyrrole, furan, and thiophene. Such a fast convergence of equilibrium geometries, induced atomic charges, electron densities of states (DOS) and energy gaps, dipole and quadrupole moments, and polarizabilities is particularly striking considering the presence of strong π‐conjugation.magnified image
Convergence in the size evolution of majority of molecular properties of conjugated systems occurs for surprisingly short molecular chains.