bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FROM LEGALITY TO RESPONSIBILITY: CHARTING THE COURSE FOR AI REGULATION IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Belayet , Miraz Mahadi Hasan , Abba Ya'u  
Published: May 2024

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies continue to evolve rapidly, Malaysia faces the imperative of establishing a robust regulatory framework to address legal complexities and ensure responsible AI deployment. This paper examines the current landscape of AI legality in Malaysia, analysing existing laws and regulations governing AI applications across various sectors. It identifies key legal challenges, including issues related to data privacy, algorithmic transparency, liability, and ethical considerations. Emphasising the transition from mere legality to ethical responsibility, the paper advocates for a proactive approach in charting the course for AI regulation. The doctrinal research methodology is used in this paper. This paper will first discuss the use of AI in different sectors in Malaysia and then will highlight the various problems associated with it. This study also discusses newly adopted AI regulations by the EU and China, and also the progress of the USA and the UK on AI regulation. It proposes strategies for enacting a forward-looking regulatory framework that integrates ethical guidelines, promotes transparency, fosters collaboration between stakeholders, and establishes mechanisms for accountability. By navigating this trajectory towards responsible AI regulation, Malaysia can unlock the full potential of AI while upholding ethical standards, protecting individual rights, and mitigating risks associated with AI technologies.
KEGIATAN PENANGKAPAN IKAN DI PESISIR BARAT SELATAN PULAU KEI KECIL KEPULAUAN KEI MALUKU TENGGARA
Authors: Tahapary Jacomina , Amir Syamsul Marlin 
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kegiatan memancing di selatan barat kepulauan Kei Kecil pulau Kei Maluku Tenggara, menjadi pelopor untuk penelitian-penelitian berikutnya dan mengembangkan kegiatan memancing di Maluku. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan survei lapangan dengan pengambilan sampel secara sengaja (purposive sampling). Data gathering di pesisir Barat kepulauan Kei Kecil mencakup beberapa Ohoi (desa), yaitu Tetoat, Ohoi Ngursit, Ohoi Wirin, Ohoi Madwat, Ohoi Ohoibadar, Ohoi Waab, Ohoi Watngil, Ohoi Ohoira, Ohoi Ohoiren, Ohoi Somlain, Ohoi Matwaer, Ohoi Ohoidertutu, dan Ohoi Ohoitom. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa jenis dan ukuran meliputi jenis alat tangkap, ukuran alat tangkap, jenis ikan hasil tangkapan, dan daerah penangkapan. Data yang dikumpulkan kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif, menurut jenis alat tangkap. Aktivitas di selatan Pulau Kei Kecil kepulauan Kei Maluku Tenggara didominasi oleh penangkapan tradisional yaitu gill net, hand line, lift net , trap net dan jala (throwing net). Fishing ground terletak di sekitar pantai dan pulau-pulau kecil di sekitar Ohoi.
PENGARUH PIGMEN DALAM PAKAN TERHADAP KONSENTRASI DAN DISTRIBUSI KROMATOFOR PADA JARINGAN KULIT JUVENIL IKAN KOI (CYPRINUS CARPIO)
Authors: Dahlia Dahlia 
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat konsentrasi dan distribusi kromatofor pada jaringan kulit juvenil ikan koi melalui pemberian pakan pembawa pigmen. Disain yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), terdiri atas tiga perlakuan dengan masing-masing dua ulangan. Perlakuan tersebut adalah pakan tanpa bahan pigmen (P), pakan dengan penambahan bahan pigmen asal tepung kepala udang (Q), dan pakan dengan penambahan bahan pigmen asal tepung spirulina (R). Hasil yang didapatkan menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pakan yang mengandung bahan pigmen asal tepung spirulina menyebabkan konsentrasi dan distribusi kromatofor pada jaringan kulit lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pakan yang mengandung bahan pigmen asal tepung kepala udang. Konsentrasi dan distribusi kromatofor pada jaringan kulit yang lebih tinggi akan meningkatkan kecerahan warna juvenil ikan koi.
PENDEKATAN PENENTUAN KUOTA KARANG HIAS EKSPOR UNTUK MENUNJANG PEMANFAATAN SECARA BERKELANJUTAN DI SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Kasmi Mauli , Liuw Fery A.M. , Santoso Edy , Ilyas Moh. 
Published: May 2024

Karang keras (Ordo Scleractinia) termasuk hewan yang tercatat dalam CITES (Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species) sebagai hewan yang diperdagangkan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan aquarium rumah tangga di negara-negara maju. Sulawesi Selatan merupakan salah satu sumber karang hias bagi eksportir Jakarta dan Bali. Ada 11 middleman (supplier) yang tergabung dalam anggota Asosiasi Koral dan Ikan Hias Sulawesi (AKIS) yang memiliki penampungan karang hias dan bermukim di Makassar. Perairan pulau Spermonde Makassar dan Pangkep sebagai konsentrasi penangkapan karang hias di Sulsel. Masalah yang dihadapi dalam perdagangan karang hias adalah penentuan kuota untuk ekspor belum memiliki standar yang lestari bagi kelangsungan populasi, khususnya di kawasan perairan pulau Spermonde Pangkep. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengestimasi dan menganalisis kelimpahan jenis karang hidup dan kondisi tutupan karang sebagai salah satu komponen terpenting dalam penentuan kuota perdagangan untuk dijadikan model penentuan kuota ekspor karang hias dari alam. Metode penelitian observasi dan wawancara terhadap responden dan pengambilan data di instansi atau perusahaan terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keberadaan jenis dan jumlah yang telah terdaftar dalam kuota koral Sulsel lima tahun terakhir masih layak dimanfaatkan dengan pemanfaatan 2,5% dari jumlah stok karang di alam. Pemanfaatan karang hias di kawasan konsentrasi penangkapan karang hias tutupan karang umumnya masih baik dan jenis-jenis karang hias yang dimanfaatkan umumnya masih diperoleh di ketiga zona reef (flat, cress, dan slope).
Strategi pendidikan kesehatan dan penurunan stigma TB di masyarakat: A systematic review
Authors: Marissa Anggraini , Rekawati Etty , Nursasi Astuti 
Published: May 2024

Background: Tuberculosis stigma is a challenge in TB management for health care in the community. According to previous research, health education can significantly improve knowledge about TB and reduce public stigma against it.
Purpose: To identify how interventions can improve public knowledge about tuberculosis and decrease the stigma people have about TB.
Method: Systematic review academic articles were searched through online databases from 2018 to 2022, and 6 articles were obtained for analysis.
Results: Health education was provided to the community with a variety of approaches, including structured education, empowerment of the community, support and motivation from the community cadres, a gender approach, and workshop/compliance for service provider agency officials.
Conclusion: The provision of structured health education and the approach characterized by local communities proved effective in increasing knowledge about TB and reducing the growing stigma in the community towards TB patients.

Keywords: Health Education; Social Stigma; Tuberculosis (TB).

Pendahuluan: Stigma terhadap TB adalah tantangan dalam pengelolaan TB bagi tenaga kesehatan di masyarakat. Dari penelitian terdahulu, secara signifikan pendidikan kesehatan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan mengenai TB dan menurunkan stigma masyarakat terhadap TB.
Tujuan: Untuk mengidentifikasi intervensi yang dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai TB dan menurunkan stigma TB.
Metode: Systematic review menggunakan penelusuran artikel akademik melalui online database dari tahun 2018-2022 dan didapatkan 6 artikel untuk dianalisis.
Hasil: Pendidikan kesehatan yang diberikan kepada masyarakat dengan berbagai strategi pendekatan antara lain, edukasi terstruktur, pemberdayaan masyarakat, dukungan dan motivasi dari kader masyarakat, pendekatan gender, dan pelatihan bagi petugas instansi pemberi layanan.
Simpulan: Pemberian pendidikan kesehatan terstruktur dan pendekatan sesuai dengan kondisi masyarakat setempat terbukti efektif dalam peningkatan pengetahuan mengenai TB dan menurunkan stigma yang berkembang di masyarakat terhadap penderita TB.

Kata Kunci: Pendidikan Kesehatan; Stigma Masyarakat; Tuberkulosis (TB).
Perancangan Teknik Kriptografi Block Cipher Berbasis Pola Peta Administrasi Kalimantan Barat Menggunakan Key-Dependent S-Box
Authors: Edo  , Helfi Nasution  , Muhammad Azhar Irwansyah  
Published: May 2024

Kriptografi adalah teknik pengamanan informasi yang dilakukan dengan cara mengubah pesan menggunakan suatu metode enkripsi sehingga tidak dapat dibaca secara langsung oleh pihak yang tidak berhak. Block cipher merupakan salah satu algoritma kriptografi yang menggunakan kumpulan bit dengan panjang tetap untuk mengenkripsi pesan. Metode enkripsi kriptografi block cipher pada dasarnya dilakukan dengan cara melakukan pertukaran kode bit pesan sehingga membentuk suatu pesan baru yang tidak dapat dibaca (ciphertext). Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan merancang kriptografi block cipher baru yang merepresentasikan ciri khas pola peta administrasi Kalimantan Barat dalam pertukaran kode bitnya. Perancangan kriptografi dilakukan dengan mengacu kepada algoritma kriptografi block cipher Advance Encryption Standard (AES) yang ditetapkan oleh National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) sebagai standar pengamanan informasi di dunia. Algoritma kriptografi yang dirancang juga menggunakan substitusi box (S-Box) dinamis yang dibangkitkan dengan kunci sehingga berbeda dengan S-box statis AES. Pengujian terhadap performa algoritma kriptografi menunjukkan hasil yang baik. Hasil pengujian avalance effect mendapatkan nilai rata-rata 50,524%. Simulasi waktu enkripsi per 500 blok data rata-rata membutuhkan waktu 3,514 detik. Analisis serangan brute force menunjukkan waktu yang diperlukan untuk melakukan exhaustive search memerlukan detik atau setara tahun. Algoritma kriptografi yang dihasilkan dapat bekerja dengan baik dalam 5 mode operasi block cipher yang direkomendasikan oleh NIST, yaitu Electronic Code Book (ECB), Cipher Block Chaining (CBC), Cipher Feedback (CFB), Output Feedback (OFB), dan Counter (CTR). Penelitian juga mengimplementasikan algoritma kriptografi ke dalam sebuah aplikasi surat elektronik berbasis web.
Complaint Analysis of LPG Gas Checking Station
Authors: Hambali Ahmad , Abdullah Ishlahuddin 
Published: May 2024

Background: Hydrocarbons are a major source of energy, both for industrial and domestic applications. LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) or LPG is a combustible hydrocarbon gas consisting of a mixture of propane and butane hydrocarbons. LPG is a product obtained from refining crude oil and gas, is an energy source for household cooking, industrial ovens, power plants and as a fuel for vehicles.
Objective: To determine the factors that cause complaints of musculosceletal disorder (MSDs)
Method: Nordic Body Map is used to determine musculosceletal disorder (MSDS) complaints felt by workers. MSDs complaints will be known using questionnaires in the form of several types of MSDs complaints on the human body map. Through this questionnaire with a total of 12 0rang respondents, it can be known the part of the muscle that experienced complaints with the level of complaints ranging from No Pain, Somewhat Pain, Pain and Very Pain. NBM results can estimate the type and level of complaints, fatigue, and The muscles felt by the workers, by viewing and analyzing body maps taken from filling out the NBM questionnaire ranged from discomfort to extreme pain.
Result: Based on the results of the data that has been processed, it can be seen that the level of complaints that have a risk of injury to the muscles, the left shoulder, right shoulder, and waist and back. The muscle part that has been filled by operator one (1) and operator two (2) where the muscle part scales (2) two (somewhat painful). Then after overcoming the part of the muscle that is at risk of injury, an individual operator is scored, which is done.
Conclusion: there is no significant relationship of knowledge with the use of PPE in oil palm harvest workers, there is a significant relationship with the use of PPE in workers of Pt Agra Budi Gas Utama, There is no significant relationship of comfort with the use of PPE in workers filling Gas Utama at PT. Agra Budi Gas Utama.
Antioxidant insights: investigating the protective role of oxidative balance in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Li Fan , Chang Yu , Wang Zhaodi , Wang Zhi , Zhao Qi , Han Xiaoping , Xu Zifeng , Yu Chanjiao , Liu Yue , Chang Shiyu , Li Hongyan , Hu Sileng , Li Yuqin , Tang Tongyu 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundLimited studies have investigated the relationship between systemic oxidative stress and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between oxidative balance score (OBS) and IBD.MethodsWe included 175,808 participants from the UK Biobank database from 2006 to 2010. OBS scores were calculated based on 22 lifestyle and dietary factors. Multiple variable Cox proportional regression models, as well as gender stratification and subgroup analysis, were utilized to investigate the relationship between OBS and IBD.ResultsThere is a significant negative correlation between OBS and the occurrence of IBD, ulcerative colitis (UC), and Crohn’s disease (CD). Additionally, OBS is significantly negatively correlated with intestinal obstruction in CD patients. Gender stratified analysis suggest a significant correlation between OBS and CD in female patients, particularly pronounced in those under 60 years old. Sensitivity analysis indicates a significant negative correlation between lifestyle-related OBS and diet-related OBS with the occurrence of CD in females, diet-related OBS is negatively correlated with CD in males.ConclusionOBS showed a significant negative correlation with IBD, especially in female CD patients. This study underscores the importance of antioxidant diet and lifestyle, which may provide a greater advantage for female CD patients.
Use of the linear regression method to evaluate population accuracy of predictions from non-linear models
Authors: Yu Haipeng , Fernando Rohan L. , Dekkers Jack C. M. 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundTo address the limitations of commonly used cross-validation methods, the linear regression method (LR) was proposed to estimate population accuracy of predictions based on the implicit assumption that the fitted model is correct. This method also provides two statistics to determine the adequacy of the fitted model. The validity and behavior of the LR method have been provided and studied for linear predictions but not for nonlinear predictions. The objectives of this study were to 1) provide a mathematical proof for the validity of the LR method when predictions are based on conditional means, regardless of whether the predictions are linear or non-linear 2) investigate the ability of the LR method to detect whether the fitted model is adequate or inadequate, and 3) provide guidelines on how to appropriately partition the data into training and validation such that the LR method can identify an inadequate model.ResultsWe present a mathematical proof for the validity of the LR method to estimate population accuracy and to determine whether the fitted model is adequate or inadequate when the predictor is the conditional mean, which may be a non-linear function of the phenotype. Using three partitioning scenarios of simulated data, we show that the one of the LR statistics can detect an inadequate model only when the data are partitioned such that the values of relevant predictor variables differ between the training and validation sets. In contrast, we observed that the other LR statistic was able to detect an inadequate model for all three scenarios.ConclusionThe LR method has been proposed to address some limitations of the traditional approach of cross-validation in genetic evaluation. In this paper, we showed that the LR method is valid when the model is adequate and the conditional mean is the predictor, even when it is a non-linear function of the phenotype. We found one of the two LR statistics is superior because it was able to detect an inadequate model for all three partitioning scenarios (i.e., between animals, by age within animals, and between animals and by age) that were studied.
Poly-l-lactic acid microspheres delay aging of epidermal stem cells in rat skin
Authors: Dong Yunxian , Zhang Youliang , Yu Hao , Zhou Lingcong , Zhang Yaan , Wang Haibin , Hu Zhicheng , Luo Shengkang 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveInjectable skin fillers offer a wider range of options for cutaneous anti-aging and facial rejuvenation. PLLA microspheres are increasingly favored as degradable and long-lasting fillers. The present study focused solely on the effect of PLLA on dermal collagen, without investigating its impact on the epidermis. In this study, we investigated the effects of PLLA microspheres on epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs).MethodsDifferent concentrations of PLLA microspheres on epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) in vitro through culture, and identification of primary rat EpiSCs. CCK-8 detection, apoptosis staining, flow cytometry, Transwell assay, wound healing assay, q-PCR analysis, and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the effects of PLLA on EpiSCs. Furthermore, we observed the effect on the epidermis by injecting PLLA into the dermis of the rat skin in vivo.ResultsPLLA microspheres promote cell proliferation and migration while delaying cell senescence and maintaining its stemness. In vitro, Intradermal injection of PLLA microspheres in the rat back skin resulted in delayed aging, as evidenced by histological and immunohistochemical staining of the skin at 2, 4, and 12 weeks of follow-up.ConclusionThis study showed the positive effects of PLLA on rat epidermis and EpiSCs, while providing novel insights into the anti-aging mechanism of PLLA.
The effect of physical exercise intervention on the ability of daily living in patients with Alzheimer’s dementia: a meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Chenyu , Gao Shiying , Li Shanshan 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the effect of physical exercise intervention on the activities of daily living (ADL) on patients with Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) and explore the optimal exercise scheme.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases were searched from 1987 to December 2023 to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Two investigators independently screened the literature and extracted data according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using Cochrane Review Manager 5.3. And STATA 16.0 was used for performing the meta-analysis.ResultsFifteen randomized controlled trials were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that physical exercise had a positive effect on the improvement of ADL in patients with AD [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.312, 95% confidence interval (CI 0.039–0.585), P = 0.02], and the difference was statistically significant. The results of subgroup analysis showed that anaerobic exercises such as strength and balance training with a medium cycle of 12–16 weeks and lasting 30–45 min each time were more ideal for the improvement of basic daily living ability of AD patients.ConclusionPhysical exercise can effectively improve activities of daily living in patients with Alzheimer’s dementia and it may be a potential non-drug treatment for AD patients.
Peripheral immunity involvement in the cognitive impairment of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Yang Tianmi , Wei Qianqian , Li Chunyu , Ou Ruwei , Lin Junyu , Cheng Yangfan , Xiao Yi , Shang Huifang 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundRecent research has indicated the significance of immune activation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the impact of peripheral immunity on cognitive impairment in sporadic ALS remains poorly characterized. Therefore, we aim to assess the relationship between peripheral immune parameters and cognitive impairment in patients with sporadic ALS.MethodsA case–control study involving 289 patients with sporadic ALS was conducted. All participants underwent cognitive assessment and measurements of blood immune parameters. The main outcomes included adjusted odds ratios (ORs) in multivariate logistic regression analysis and adjusted coefficients in a multivariate linear regression model. Sensitivity analysis was performed with stratification by the King’s clinical stage.ResultsCognitive impairment was observed in 98 (33.9%) patients. Higher counts of leukocyte (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.29 to 0.95; p = 0.03), neutrophil (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.26 to 0.88; p = 0.02), and monocyte (OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.18 to 0.60; p &lt; 0.001) were significantly associated with better cognitive preformence in sporadic ALS, particularly among patients in King’s clinical stages 1 and 2. Conversely, a higher percentage of CD4+ T cells was linked to an increased risk of cognitive impairment (OR, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.52 to 5.09; p = 0.001), particularly evident in patients in King’s clinical stage 3.ConclusionThese results highlight the involvement of peripheral immunity in the cognitive impairment of sporadic ALS and suggest dynamic and intricate roles that vary across disease stages. Elucidating the links between immunity and ALS sheds light on the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this fatal neurodegenerative disorder and informs potential immunotherapeutic strategies.
Multilevel bivariate analysis of the association between high-risk fertility behaviors of birth and stunting with associated risk factors in Ethiopia
Authors: Fenta Wondaya , Zeru Melkamu A. 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionCurrently, the linkage between high-risk fertility behavior of birth and the occurrence of stunting among children under the age of 5 continues to be a significant public health problem in developing countries, including Ethiopia. This issue poses a threat to the health and overall wellbeing of under-five children. Thus, the main objective of this study was to examine the association between high-risk fertility behavior of birth and the stunting status of children and associated factors.MethodsThe data used for this study were extracted from the recent Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey data in 2019. A total weighted sample of 4,969 under-five children was included in this study, and the relevant data were extracted from those samples. The multilevel bivariate analysis was used to assess the association between high-risk fertility behavior of birth and the stunting status of under-five children in Ethiopia.ResultsIt was found that, out of 4,997 under-five children, 24% of under-five children experienced stunting as a result of high-risk fertility behavior of birth. Our study also revealed an intra-class correlation of 0.2, indicating that 20% of the variability in both high-risk fertility behaviors of birth and stunting can be attributed to differences between communities. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant association between high-risk fertility behavior of birth and the stunting status of children under the age of 5 years [AOR = 8.5, 95% CI: (5.58, 18.70)]. Similarly, the stunting status of birth among boys was 1.36 times greater than the estimated odds of the stunting status of birth among girls [AOR = 1.36, 95% CI: (1.19, 1.55)].ConclusionThis study found that there was a significant statistical association between high-risk fertility behavior of birth and stunting status of under-five children. Specifically, children born to mothers under 18 years and in households with high parity were identified as the main risk factors for child stunting. Furthermore, health-related education, improved access to maternal healthcare, and training interventions were associated with high-risk fertility behavior during birth and child stunting. The study suggests that regular health assessments and early interventions for infants born to mothers with high-risk reproductive characteristics are crucial to reducing the impact of child stunting under 5 years of age.