bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ON THE EXISTENCE OF NOWHERE-ZERO VECTORS FOR LINEAR TRANSFORMATIONS
Authors: AKBARI S. , HASSANI MONFARED K. , JAMAALI M. , KHANMOHAMMADI E. , KIANI D. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA matrix A over a field F is said to be an AJT matrix if there exists a vector x over F such that both x and Ax have no zero component. The Alon–Jaeger–Tarsi (AJT) conjecture states that if F is a finite field, with |F|≥4, and A is an element of GL n (F) , then A is an AJT matrix. In this paper we prove that every nonzero matrix over a field F, with |F|≥3 , is similar to an AJT matrix. Let AJTn (q) denote the set of n×n, invertible, AJT matrices over a field with q elements. It is shown that the following are equivalent for q≥3 : (i) AJTn (q)=GL n (q) ; (ii) every 2n×n matrix of the form (A∣B)t has a nowhere-zero vector in its image, where A,B are n×n, invertible, upper and lower triangular matrices, respectively; and (iii) AJTn (q) forms a semigroup.
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone-stimulated cortisol release by the head kidney inter-renal tissue from sea bream (Sparus aurata) fed with linseed oil and soyabean oil
Authors: Ganga Rachid , Bell J. G. , Montero D. , Atalah E. , Vraskou Y. , Tort L. , Fernandez A. , Izquierdo M. S. 
Published: September 2010

The mode of action of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) in regulating gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) head kidney (HK) cortisol production was studied throughin vitrotrials using a dynamic superfusion system. Fish were previously fed with different diets containing several inclusion levels of linseed oil (LO) or soyabean oil (SO) for 26 weeks. Five diets were tested; anchovy oil was the only lipid source for the control diet (fish oil, FO) and two different substitution levels (70 and 100 %) were tested using either LO or SO (70LO, 70SO, 100LO and 100SO). Fatty acid compositions of the HK reflected the dietary input, thus EPA, DHA, arachidonic acid andn-3 HUFA were significantly (P < 0·05) reduced in fish fed vegetable oils compared with fish fed the FO diet. Feeding 70 or 100 % LO increased significantly (P < 0·05) cortisol release in HK after stimulation with adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), while feeding SO had no effect on this response. Cortisol stimulation factor (SF) was increased in fish fed the 70LO and 100LO diets compared with fish fed the control diet. Moreover, eicosanoid inhibition by incubating the HK tissue with indomethacin (INDO) as a cyclo-oxygenase (COX) inhibitor, or nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) as a lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitor, significantly reduced (P < 0·05) the cortisol release after ACTH stimulation in the 70LO and 100LO diets. Cortisol SF was reduced in the FO, 70LO and 100LO diets when incubating the HK with INDO or NDGA, while it was increased in the 70SO diet. The present results indicate that changing the fatty acid profile of gilthead sea bream HK by including LO and/or SO in the fish diet affected thein vitrocortisol release, and this effect is partly mediated by COX and/or LOX metabolites.
The association of personality disorders with the prospective 7-year course of anxiety disorders
Authors: Ansell E. B. , Pinto A. , Edelen M. O. , Markowitz J. C. , Sanislow C. A. , Yen S. , Zanarini M. , Skodol A. E. , Shea M. T. , Morey L. C. , Gunderson J. G. , McGlashan T. H. , Grilo C. M. 
Published: September 2010

BackgroundThis study prospectively examined the natural clinical course of six anxiety disorders over 7 years of follow-up in individuals with personality disorders (PDs) and/or major depressive disorder. Rates of remission, relapse, new episode onset and chronicity of anxiety disorders were examined for specific associations with PDs.MethodParticipants were 499 patients with anxiety disorders in the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study, who were assessed with structured interviews for psychiatric disorders at yearly intervals throughout 7 years of follow-up. These data were used to determine probabilities of changes in disorder status for social phobia (SP), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), panic disorder and panic disorder with agoraphobia.ResultsEstimated remission rates for anxiety disorders in this study group ranged from 73% to 94%. For those patients who remitted from an anxiety disorder, relapse rates ranged from 34% to 67%. Rates for new episode onsets of anxiety disorders ranged from 3% to 17%. Specific PDs demonstrated associations with remission, relapse, new episode onsets and chronicity of anxiety disorders. Associations were identified between schizotypal PD with course of SP, PTSD and GAD; avoidant PD with course of SP and OCD; obsessive-compulsive PD with course of GAD, OCD, and agoraphobia; and borderline PD with course of OCD, GAD and panic with agoraphobia.ConclusionsFindings suggest that specific PD diagnoses have negative prognostic significance for the course of anxiety disorders underscoring the importance of assessing and considering PD diagnoses in patients with anxiety disorders.
Two Streams Mingling: The American Episcopal Church in the Anglican Communion
Authors: Podmore Colin 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis article identifies and compares two ecclesiological ‘streams’ that coalesced when the Anglican Communion was definitively formed in 1867: the traditional western catholic ecclesiology of England and Ireland and the more democratic, egalitarian ecclesiology of the American Episcopal Church. These streams had already mingled in George Augustus Selwyn’s constitution for the New Zealand Church. Incorporation of laypeople into the Church of England’s synods represented further convergence. Nonetheless, different understandings of the role of bishops in church government are still reflected in attitudes to the respective roles in the Communion’s affairs of bishops and primates on the one hand and the more recent Anglican Consultative Council on the other. Differences between the two streams were noticeable at the 1867 Lambeth Conference. The efforts of Archbishops Davidson and Fisher, rooted in the work of Selwyn, to hold together what Selwyn called ‘the two branches of our beloved Church’ are praised.
An All-Sky Atlas of Radio/X-ray Associations
Authors: Flesch E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAn all-sky comprehensive catalogue of calculated radio and X-ray associations to optical objects is presented. Included are X-ray sources from XMM-Newton, Chandra and ROSAT catalogues, radio sources from NVSS, FIRST and SUMSS catalogues, and optical data, identifications and redshifts from the APM, USNO-A, SDSS-DR7 and the extant literature. This ‘Atlas of Radio/X-ray Associations’ inherits many techniques from the predecessor Quasars.org (2004) catalogue, but object selection is changed and processing tweaked. Optical objects presented are those which are calculated with ≥40% confidence to be associated with radio/X-ray detections, totalling 602 570 objects in all, including 23 681 double radio lobe detections. For each of these optical objects I display the calculated percentage probabilities of its being a QSO, galaxy, star, or erroneous radio/X-ray association, plus any identification from the literature. The catalogue includes 105 568 uninvestigated objects listed as 40% to >99% likely to be a QSO. The catalogue is available at http://quasars.org/arxa.htm.
Metallicity Distributions In and Around Galaxies
Authors: De Lucia Gabriella 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMetals are found in all baryonic phases and environments, and our knowledge of their distribution ‘in and around galaxies’ has significantly improved over the past few years. Theoretical work has shown that the fraction of metals in different baryonic components can vary significantly when different feedback schemes are adopted. Therefore, studies of element abundances provide important information about all gas-dynamical processes which determine the cosmic evolution of baryons. I give here a brief review of recent observational progress, describe the implications of recent theoretical studies, and discuss briefly future prospects.
Gene-silencing reveals the functional significance of pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide receptor (PBAN-R) in a male moth
Authors: Bober Rachel , Rafaeli Ada 
Published: September 2010

The role of pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) in the regulation of pheromone biosynthesis of several female moth species is well elucidated, but its role in the males has been a mystery for over two decades since its discovery from both male and female central nervous systems. In previous studies we have identified the presence of the gene transcript for the PBAN-G-protein coupled receptor (PBAN-R) in
Helicoverpa armigera
male hair-pencil-aedaegus complexes (male complexes), a tissue structurally homologous to the female pheromone gland. Moreover, we showed that this transcript is up-regulated during pupal-adult development, analogous to its regulation in the female pheromone-glands, thereby indicating a likely functional gene. Here we argue in favor of PBAN’s role in regulating the free fatty-acid components (myristic, palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids) and alcohol components (hexadecanol, cis-11 hexadecanol, and octadecanol) in male complexes. We demonstrate the diel periodicity in levels of male components, with peak titers occurring during the 7th–9th h in the scotophase, coincident with female pheromone production. In addition, we show significant stimulation of component levels by synthetic
Hez
PBAN. Furthermore, we confirm PBAN’s function in this tissue through knockdown of the PBAN-R gene using RNAi-mediated gene-silencing. Injections of
PBAN-R
dsRNA into the male hemocoel significantly inhibited levels of the various male components by 58%–74%. In conclusion, through gain and loss of function we revealed the functionality of the PBAN-R and the key components that are up-regulated by PBAN.
Disruption of the Vacuolar Calcium-ATPases in Arabidopsis Results in the Activation of a Salicylic Acid-Dependent Programmed Cell Death Pathway
Authors: Boursiac Yann , Lee Sang Min , Romanowsky Shawn , Blank Robert , Sladek Chris , Chung Woo Sik , Harper Jeffrey F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCalcium (Ca2+) signals regulate many aspects of plant development, including a programmed cell death pathway that protects plants from pathogens (hypersensitive response). Cytosolic Ca2+ signals result from a combined action of Ca2+ influx through channels and Ca2+ efflux through pumps and cotransporters. Plants utilize calmodulin-activated Ca2+ pumps (autoinhibited Ca2+-ATPase [ACA]) at the plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, and vacuole. Here, we show that a double knockout mutation of the vacuolar Ca2+ pumps ACA4 and ACA11 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) results in a high frequency of hypersensitive response-like lesions. The appearance of macrolesions could be suppressed by growing plants with increased levels (greater than 15 mm) of various anions, providing a method for conditional suppression. By removing plants from a conditional suppression, lesion initials were found to originate primarily in leaf mesophyll cells, as detected by aniline blue staining. Initiation and spread of lesions could also be suppressed by disrupting the production or accumulation of salicylic acid (SA), as shown by combining aca4/11 mutations with a sid2 (for salicylic acid induction-deficient2) mutation or expression of the SA degradation enzyme NahG. This indicates that the loss of the vacuolar Ca2+ pumps by itself does not cause a catastrophic defect in ion homeostasis but rather potentiates the activation of a SA-dependent programmed cell death pathway. Together, these results provide evidence linking the activity of the vacuolar Ca2+ pumps to the control of a SA-dependent programmed cell death pathway in plants.
Comparing Symbiotic Efficiency between Swollen versus Nonswollen Rhizobial Bacteroids
Authors: Oono Ryoko , Denison R. Ford 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Symbiotic rhizobia differentiate physiologically and morphologically into nitrogen-fixing bacteroids inside legume host nodules. The differentiation is apparently terminal in some legume species, such as peas (Pisum sativum) and peanuts (Arachis hypogaea), likely due to extreme cell swelling induced by the host. In other legume species, such as beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata), differentiation into bacteroids, which are similar in size and shape to free-living rhizobia, is reversible. Bacteroid modification by plants may affect the effectiveness of the symbiosis. Here, we compare symbiotic efficiency of rhizobia in two different hosts where the rhizobia differentiate into swollen nonreproductive bacteroids in one host and remain nonswollen and reproductive in the other. Two such dual-host strains were tested: Rhizobium leguminosarum A34 in peas and beans and Bradyrhizobium sp. 32H1 in peanuts and cowpeas. In both comparisons, swollen bacteroids conferred more net host benefit by two measures: return on nodule construction cost (plant growth per gram nodule growth) and nitrogen fixation efficiency (H2 production by nitrogenase per CO2 respired). Terminal bacteroid differentiation among legume species has evolved independently multiple times, perhaps due to the increased host fitness benefits observed in this study.
FIELD IMMOBILIZATION OF FREE‐RANGING IMPALA IN NORTHERN KENYA
Authors: Ables Ernest D. , Ables Juanita 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYTwo drug combinations were tested during 18 field captures of 14 individual impala in northern Kenya in 1966–67. Nine additional impala, eight females and one male, were darted but not captured. Dosages of 0.45 mg M.99+10.0 mg acepromazine+4.5 mg hyoscine were adequate for males, but did not completely immobilize them. Females proved more difficult to capture, and all attempts using the acepromazine mixture were unsuccessful. The substitution of phencyclidine for acepromazine, and the deletion of hyoscine, proved a more suitable mixture. A dosage of 0.32 mg M.99+90 mg phencyclidine per animal completely immobilized both sexes. The phencyclidine‐M.99 mixture was judged an improvement over other common field immobilizing drugs, but the long recovery time limits the usefulness of this drug combination for large‐scale capturing operations.
Reproductive phenologies in a diverse temperate ant fauna
Authors: DUNN ROBERT R. , PARKER CHARLES R. , GERAGHTY MELISSA , SANDERS NATHAN J. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract 1. Ant nuptial flights are central to understanding ant life history and ecology but have been little studied. This study examined the timing of nuptial flights, the synchronicity of nuptial flights (as a potential index of mating strategy), and variation in nuptial flights with elevation and among years in a diverse temperate ant fauna.2. Flights occurred throughout the year, but were concentrated in the beginning of summer and in early fall (autumn). Relative to the entire flight season, closely related species tended to be more likely than expected by chance to fly at similar times, perhaps because of phylogenetic constraints on life history evolution.3. Flights were relatively synchronous within species for nearly all species considered, but synchronicity did not appear to be a robust estimate of overall mating strategy.4. Overall patterns in nuptial flights among species and the timing of flights for individual species varied with elevation, but did not vary greatly among years.5. Although this study is one of the most comprehensive on the reproductive flight phenologies of ants, much remains to be learned about the causes and consequences of such spatial and temporal variation in flight phenology.
Heterogeneity of plant phenotypes caused by herbivore‐specific induced responses influences the spatial distribution of herbivores
Authors: VISWANATHAN D. V. , McNICKLE G. , THALER J. S. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract 1. Herbivory can induce resistance in a plant and the induced phenotype may be disfavoured by subsequent herbivores. Yet, as the distance between plants in a population increases, limited mobility may make a herbivore more likely to feed and oviposit on host plants in its immediate surroundings.2. The present study tested whether a herbivore’s preference and distribution across plants with different induced phenotypes was influenced by the spatial distribution of plants. A fragmented population of Solanum dulcamara plants was created. This consisted of discrete, spatially separated patches with different histories of damage, either herbivory from adult flea beetles (Psylliodes affinis), tortoise beetles (Plagiometriona clavata), or mechanical damage. Each patch was separated by 7 m and consisted of 12 plants that were spaced 30 cm apart. Then a fixed number of adult tortoise beetles were introduced to each patch, and movement and oviposition within and between spatially separate homogeneous patches (receiving one type of damage) were compared with movement and oviposition within heterogeneous patches (containing all three types of damage) over the growing season.3. Flea beetle and tortoise beetle herbivory consistently induced different phytochemical responses in S. dulcamara (polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase), and adult tortoise beetles avoided oviposition on the flea beetle induced plants within heterogeneous patches. However, between homogeneous patches, plant phenotype did not influence oviposition. Colonisation by naturally occurring flea beetle adults followed a similar pattern.4. These results suggest that the heterogeneity of plant phenotypes can influence herbivore choice and distribution at small but not large spatial scales.
Effects of nitrogen deposition on the interaction between an aphid and its host plant
Authors: ZEHNDER CARALYN B. , HUNTER MARK D. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract 1. Anthropogenic increases in nitrogen deposition are impacting terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. While some of the direct ecosystem‐level effects of nitrogen deposition are understood, the effects of nitrogen deposition on plant–insect interactions and on herbivore population dynamics have received less attention.2. Nitrogen deposition will potentially influence both plant resource availability and herbivore population growth. If increases in herbivore population growth outstrip increases in resource availability, then increases in the strength of density dependence expressed within the herbivore population would be predicted. Alternatively, if plant resources respond more vigorously to nitrogen deposition than do herbivore populations, a decline in the strength of density dependence would be expected. No change in the strength of density dependence acting upon the herbivore population would suggest equivalent responses by herbivores and plants.3. A density manipulation experiment was performed to examine the effect of nitrogen deposition on the interaction between a host plant, Asclepias tuberosa, and its herbivore, Aphis nerii. Aphid maximum per capita growth rate (Rmax), carrying capacity (K), and the strength of density dependence were measured under three nitrogen deposition treatments. The effect of nitrogen deposition on the relationship among these three measures of insect population dynamics was explored.4. Simulated nitrogen deposition increased aphid per capita population growth, plant foliar nitrogen concentrations, and plant biomass. Nitrogen deposition caused Rmax and K to increase proportionally, leading to no overall change in the strength of density dependence. In this system, potential changes in the negative feedback processes operating on herbivore populations following nitrogen deposition appear to be buffered by concomitant changes in resource availability.
Pharmacology of α‐glucosidase inhibition
Authors: AG H. BISCHOFF Bayer 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe development of α‐amylase and brush‐border α‐glucosidase inhibitors is reviewed. The mode of action as well as pharmacological and pharmacodynamic properties of selected inhibitors with special regard to the most thoroughly investigated α‐glucosidase inhibitor acarbose are discussed. Inhibition of intestinal α‐glucosidases delays the digestion of starch and sucrose, flattens the postprandial blood glucose excursions, and thus mimics the effects of dieting on hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia. Therefore, the mechanism of α‐glucosidase inhibition represents the pharmacological optimization of the dietary principle of delayed carbohydrate absorption.In pre‐clinical studies using diabetic animals the oral administration of acarbose improved the metabolic state and reduced the blood glucose area under the curve. As a consequence, the process of non‐enzymatic glycation of proteins was retarded as indicated by reduced glycated haemoglobin, glomerular basement membranes or advanced glycation end‐products (AGEs) in collagen. These improved biochemical parameters correlated with beneficial effects against the development of diabetic nephropathy and neuropathy. Thus, the treatment of diabetic animals with acarbose does not only improve the metabolic state but has also the potential to delay, or possibly prevent, the development of diabetic complications.
‘You’d think this roller coaster was never going to stop’: experiences of adult children of parents with serious mental illness
Authors: Foster Kim 
Published: September 2010

Aims and objectives.  The aims of this qualitative study were to explore the experience of being an adult child of a parent with serious mental illness and how adult children have coped with their experience.Background.  Children of parents with serious mental illness are a potentially vulnerable group because of risk factors associated with parental mental illness. While there has been considerable research into factors that may strengthen or impair their well‐being, there has been little exploration of the subjective experience of growing up with parental mental illnesses such as schizophrenia.Design.  An interpretive qualitative design including autoethnography.Methods.  Unstructured narrative interview and written narrative data from 10 participants were analysed using van Manen’s hermeneutic method.Results.  Four themes that captured the experience of being the adult child of a parent with serious mental illness were revealed: (1) Being uncertain: `you'd think this roller coaster was never going to stop'; (2) Struggling to connect: `we were super close and now we're not'; (3) Being responsible: `I think I grew up in a hurry'; (4) Seeking balance: `I had to be in control of the situation so awful things wouldn't happen'.Conclusions.  Being the adult child of a parent with serious mental illness can involve a chaotic family life where adult children assume substantial caregiving roles. Relationships between parents and adult children can become strained. However, support from others including health professionals can strengthen adult children’s resilience and ability to cope with these challenges.Relevance to clinical practice.  Nurses in a range of health care settings are in prime positions to intervene early and provide information and support for children and families where parents have a mental illness. Family‐focused care can strengthen children’s and parent’s relationships and support the family’s ability to cope.