bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Torque–velocity characteristics and contractile rate of force development in elite badminton players
Authors: Andersen Lars L. , Larsson Benny , Overgaard Hanne , Aagaard Per 
Published: July 2011

AbstractElite badminton requires muscular endurance combined with appropriate maximal and explosive muscle strength. The musculature of the lower extremities is especially important in this context since rapid and forceful movements with the weight of the body are performed repeatedly throughout a match. In the present study, we examined various leg‐strength parameters of 35 male elite badminton players who had been performing resistance exercises as part of their physical training for several years. The badminton players were compared with an age‐matched reference group, the members of whom were physically active on a recreational basis, and to the same reference group after they had performed resistance training for 14 weeks. Maximal muscle strength of the knee extensor (quadriceps) and flexor muscles (hamstrings) was determined using isokinetic dynamometry. To measure explosive muscle strength, the contractile rate of force development was determined during maximal isometric muscle contractions. In general, the badminton players showed greater maximal muscle strength and contractile rate of force development than the reference group: mean quadriceps peak torque during slow concentric contraction: 3.69 Nm · kg−1, s=0.08 vs. 3.26 Nm · kg−1, s=0.8 (P<0.001); mean hamstring peak torque during slow concentric contraction: 1.86 Nm · kg−1, s=0.04 vs. 1.63 Nm · kg−1, s=0.04 (P<0.001); mean quadriceps rate of force development at 100 ms: 24.4 Nm · s−1·kg−1, s=0.5 vs. 22.1 Nm·s−1 · kg−1, s=0.6 (P<0.05); mean hamstring rate of force development at 100 ms: 11.4 Nm · s−1·kg−1, s=0.3 vs. 8.9 Nm · s−1 · kg−1, s=0.4 (P<0.05). However, after 14 weeks of resistance training the reference group achieved similar isometric and slow concentric muscle strength as the badminton players, although the badminton players still had a higher isometric rate of force development and muscle strength during fast (240° · s−1) quadriceps contractions. Large volumes of concurrent endurance training could have attenuated the long‐term development of maximal muscle strength in the badminton players. The badminton players had a higher contractile rate of force development than the reference group before and after resistance training. Greater explosive muscle strength in the badminton players might be a physiological adaptation to their badminton training.
Spectral parameters of surface electromyography and performance in swim bench exercises during the training of elite and junior swimmers
Authors: Ganter Nico , Witte Kerstin , Edelmann‐Nusser Jürgen , Heller Mario , Schwab Karin , Witte Herbert 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSpectral parameters of surface electromyography (EMG) are used to assess intramuscular coordination in terms of fatigue and motor unit recruitment. The aim of the present study was to examine changes in performance and EMG spectral parameters of the propulsive muscles during a swim bench exercise in swimmers to determine the intra‐individual effects of different training periods in the normal training process. Ten swimmers of different ages and standards were investigated in a longitudinal study. Electromyograms of the relevant muscles (triceps longum, triceps lateralis, and latissimus dorsi) were recorded during the tests, and spectral parameters calculated using time‐variant spectral analysis. In the elite swimmers, we observed variation in performance throughout the training season with respect to training load, whereas for the junior swimmers there was a trend to improve performances irrespective of training load. Correlations with performance were observed for the median frequencies of the triceps longus for the elite athletes. Performances and frequencies were increased in the taper period, whereas they were reduced after periods of high training loads. For the junior swimmers, no such correlations were observed. Based on our results, spectral parameters could provide information about the fatigue of the neuromuscular system of elite swimmers during periods of high training loads and enhanced intramuscular coordination in the taper period before competition.
Activation of Opioid μ-Receptors in the Commissural Subdivision of the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius Abolishes the Ventilatory Response to Hypoxia in Anesthetized Rats
Authors: Zhang Zhenxiong , Zhuang Jianguo , Zhang Cancan , Xu Fadi 
Published: June 2011

Background
: The commissural subnucleus of the nucleus tractus solitarius (comNTS) is a key region in the brainstem responsible for the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) because it contains the input terminals of the carotid chemoreceptor. Because opioids inhibit the HVR via activating central μ-receptors that are expressed abundantly in the comNTS, the authors of the current study asked whether activating local μ-receptors attenuated the carotid body-mediated HVR.

Methods
: To primarily stimulate the carotid body, brief hypoxia (100% N2) and hypercapnia (15% CO2) for 10 s and/or intracarotid injection of NaCN (10 μg/100 μl) were performed in anesthetized and spontaneously breathing rats. These stimulations were repeated after: (1) microinjecting three doses of μ-receptor agonist [d-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly-ol]-Enkephalin (DAMGO) (approximately 3.5 nl) into the comNTS; (2) carotid body denervation; and (3) systemic administration of DAMGO (300 μg/kg) without and with previous intracomNTS injection of d-Phe-Cys-Tyr-d-Trp-Arg-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2, a μ-receptor antagonist.

Results
: Study results showed that DAMGO at 0.25 and 2.5, but not 0.025 mM, caused a similar decrease in baseline ventilation (approximately 12%). DAMGO at 0.25 mM largely reduced (64%) the HVR, whereas DAMGO at 2.5 mM abolished the HVR (and the VE response to NaCN) and moderately attenuated (31%) the hypercapnic ventilatory response. Interestingly, similar HVR abolition and depression of the hypercapnic ventilatory response were observed after carotid body denervation. Blocking comNTS μ-receptors by d-Phe-Cys-Tyr-d-Trp-Arg-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 significantly attenuated the HVR depression by systemic DAMGO with little change in the DAMGO modulatory effects on baseline ventilation and the hypercapnic ventilatory response.

Conclusion
: The data suggest that opioids within the comNTS, via acting on μ-receptors, are able to abolish the HVR by affecting the afferent pathway of the carotid chemoreceptor.
The effect of transoesophageal echocardiography probe insertion on tracheal cuff pressure
Authors: Tan P.‐H. , Lin V.‐C. , Chen H.‐S. , Hung K.‐C. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryIncreased tracheal cuff pressure during mechanical ventilation is associated with reduced mucosal blood flow and ischaemia, as well as postoperative sore throat. We assessed the potential effects of transoesophageal echocardiography probe insertion on the tracheal cuff pressure in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Using a manometer, the cuff pressure of a high‐volume, low‐pressure tracheal tube (inner diameter 7.0 mm for women and 7.5 mm for men) was adjusted to 25–30 cmH2O before blind insertion of a transoesophageal echocardiography probe. The pressure changes were then recorded for 1 min. After probe insertion, the mean (SD) intra‐cuff pressure increased from 27.7 (1.5) to 36.2 (6.4) cmH2O (p < 0.001) and was > 35 cmH20 in 17/38 patients (45%). Our results suggest that transoesophageal echocardiography probe insertion may increase the tracheal cuff pressure more than that is generally recommended and therefore the latter should be routinely monitored under such circumstances.
Single dose pharmacokinetics of the transdermal rotigotine patch in patients with impaired renal function
Authors: Cawello Willi , Ahrweiler Sascha , Sulowicz Wladyslaw , Szymczakiewicz‐Multanowska Agnieszka , Braun Marina 
Published: June 2011

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT• The transdermal dopamine agonist rotigotine has been shown to be an efficacious and well tolerated treatment for Parkinson's disease and restless legs syndrome in clinical trials.• The prevalence of Parkinson's disease and restless legs syndrome increases with age.• Renal function deteriorates with age and can influence drug treatment.• Many patients with end‐stage renal disease experience restless legs syndrome.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS• The pharmacokinetic profiles of the active substance, unconjugated rotigotine, were similar in healthy subjects and subjects with renal impairment.• The results suggest that no dose adjustments are required for transdermal rotigotine in subjects with different stages of chronic renal insufficiency including patients on haemodialysis.AIMTo evaluate the influence of different stages of chronic renal insufficiency on the pharmacokinetics and safety/tolerability of the transdermally applied dopamine agonist rotigotine in an open label group comparison including 32 subjects (healthy, mild, moderate or severe impairment of renal function and patients with end‐stage renal insufficiency requiring haemodialysis).METHODS All subjects received a single transdermal 10 cm2 patch (24 h patch‐on period) containing 4.5 mg rotigotine (nominal drug release 2 mg 24 h−1). Main evaluations included relative bioavailability and renal elimination of rotigotine and its metabolites.RESULTSPoint estimates for the ratios between the groups with moderate to severe renal impairment and healthy subjects for the pharmacokinetic parameters AUC(0,tlast) and Cmax for the active substance unconjugated rotigotine were near 1:0.88 for AUC and 0.93 for Cmax for moderate renal impairment, 1.14 and 1.18 for severe renal impairment and 1.05 and 1.25 for end‐stage renal insufficiency requiring haemodialysis. There was no correlation of these parameters with creatinine clearance. The amount of unconjugated rotigotine excreted into urine and renal clearance decreased with increasing severity of renal insufficiency but had no observable effect on total clearance as the amounts excreted were below 1% of the administered dose. Occurrence of adverse events did not increase with the degree of renal insufficiency.CONCLUSIONSThe pharmacokinetic profiles of unconjugated rotigotine were similar in healthy subjects and subjects with impaired renal function indicating that no dose adjustments are required for transdermal rotigotine in patients with different stages of chronic renal insufficiency including patients on haemodialysis.
microRNA-mediated keratinocyte hyperproliferation in psoriasis vulgaris
Authors: Ichihara A. , Jinnin M. , Yamane K. , Fujisawa A. , Sakai K. , Masuguchi S. , Fukushima S. , Maruo K. , Ihn H. 
Published: June 2011

Summary
Background Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by intense proliferation and abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes, although the pathogenesis is still not completely clarified.
Objectives We investigated the mechanism of keratinocyte proliferation seen in psoriasis, focusing on microRNA (miRNA).
Materials and methods miRNAs were extracted from tissues and sera of psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and healthy control. To determine pathogenic miRNAs, we performed miRNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array analysis. The results were confirmed with quantitative real-time PCR, in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, transient transfection of siRNA and inhibitor in cultured keratinocytes and Western blotting.
Results PCR array analysis using tissue miRNA demonstrated miR-424 level was markedly decreased in psoriasis skin in vivo. Protein expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK1) or cyclin E1, predicted target genes of miR-424, was increased in psoriatic skin, although their mRNA levels were not. The transfection of specific inhibitor of miR-424 in normal human keratinocytes led to upregulation of MEK1 or cyclin E1 protein, and resulted in increased cell proliferation. On the other hand, cell number was significantly decreased when cells were transfected with siRNA for MEK1 or cyclin E1. Furthermore, we first investigated serum miRNA levels in psoriasis. Although not significant, serum miR-424 concentration tended to be decreased in patients with psoriasis compared with healthy controls.
Conclusions Decreased miR-424 expression and subsequently increased MEK1 or cyclin E1 may play a key role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Investigation of the regulatory mechanisms of keratinocyte proliferation by miRNA may lead to new treatments and a disease activity marker.
Haemophilia: provision of factors and novel therapies: World Federation of Hemophilia goals and achievements
Authors: Skinner Mark W. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryFor nearly 50 years, the goal of the World Federation of Hemophilia (WFH) has been to achieve ‘Treatment for All’ patients with inherited bleeding disorders, regardless of where they live. With proper diagnosis, management and care, people with bleeding disorders can live perfectly healthy lives. Without treatment, the reality is that many will die young or, if they survive, suffer joint damage that leaves them with permanent disabilities. Only about 25% of the estimated 400 000 people with haemophilia worldwide receive adequate treatment. The percentage is far lower for those with von Willebrand Disease (VWD) and the rarer bleeding disorders. The achievements of the WFH to close the gap in care for people with bleeding disorders are measureable over time by using three key indicators; the difference in the estimated and actual number of people known with bleeding disorders, the amount of treatment products needed versus that available, and the number of people born with bleeding disorders and the number who reach adulthood. There are five essential elements to achieve a sustainable national care programme: ensuring accurate laboratory diagnosis, achieving government support, improving the care delivery system, increasing the availability of treatment products, and building a strong national patient organization.
The relationship between motor competence, physical fitness and self‐perception in children
Authors: Vedul‐Kjelsås V. , Sigmundsson H. , Stensdotter A.‐K. , Haga M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAim  The aim of the current research was to explore the relationship between motor competence, physical fitness and self‐perception, and to study to which extent this relationship may vary by gender.Methods  A sample of 67 children (mean age 11.46 years, SD 0.27) completed Harter's Self‐Perception Profile for Children (SPPC), the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC) and the Test of Physical Fitness (TPF) to assess self‐perception, motor competence and physical fitness.Results  The SPPC was stronger related to total score on TPF than to total score on MABC. However, when looking at boys and girls separately, this result was found for the boys only. In the group in general, total scores on both TPF and MABC correlated significantly with three of the domains of SPPC (social acceptance, athletic competence and physical appearance) and general self‐worth. This relationship varied by gender. Interestingly, TPF was highest correlated with perception of athletic competence in boys but with perception of social acceptance in girls. A high and significant correlation was found between physical fitness and motor competence for both genders.Conclusion  The results indicated a strong relationship between physical fitness, motor competence and self‐perception in children that varied by gender. This implies that all these factors are essential contributions in order to facilitate participation in physical activity in children.
Accidental injuries are more common in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder compared with their non‐affected siblings
Authors: Shilon Y. , Pollak Y. , Aran A. , Shaked S. , Gross‐Tsur V. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground  Accidental injuries are a leading cause of paediatric morbidity and mortality. We hypothesized that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a common childhood disorder characterized by behaviours such as hyperactivity and impulsivity, is a risk factor for accidental injuries. Previous retrospective studies suggested that children with ADHD have an increased injury rate, but controlled prospective studies are lacking.Methods  We conducted a prospective case–control study of 29 school‐aged children with ADHD and their same‐sex, similarly aged, non‐ADHD‐affected siblings. All diagnoses were made by a paediatric neurologist according to DSM‐IV criteria and the children and their parents underwent a structured psychiatric interview and a battery of complementary assessments including: Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), ADHD Rating scale and Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ). The parents were contacted by telephone every 3 months during a 9‐month follow‐up period and all injuries requiring medical attention were recorded. Incidence of injuries was compared between the pairs of siblings.Results  During the follow‐up period, a total of 13 injuries in 13 children with ADHD were reported, compared with six injuries in six children from the control group (Z=−2.11, P < 0.05). ADHD severity and subtype, CBCL, DCDQ and IQ scores were not predictive of injury risk.Conclusions  School‐aged children with ADHD are at higher risk of accidental injuries than their non‐ADHD siblings, regardless of ADHD subtype, co‐morbid psychiatric conditions, developmental co‐ordination problems and environmental/familial conditions. Awareness and adequate education of parents and caregivers of children with ADHD concerning the increased injury risks are thus warranted.
How do children with a chronic or long‐term illness perceive their school re‐entry after a period of homebound instruction?
Authors: Boonen H. , Petry K. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground  A considerable number of children are confronted with a chronic or long‐term illness in their lives. For these children, absenteeism is problematic, because education plays a major role in stimulating their cognitive development and in promoting a sense of normalcy and psychosocial well‐being. In the literature, a great deal of attention has been paid to school reintegration programmes, which try to counter the barriers that these children may face when they return to school. Another way of surmounting these barriers is through the use of homebound instruction, in which the educational process for the child is continued during the period of absence. Despite the growing awareness of the necessity of education for these children, there is still little empirical research available addressing programmes that facilitate school re‐entry.Methods  The major goal of this study is to investigate how parents and their children with a chronic or long‐term illness perceive school re‐entry after a period of homebound instruction, by using a descriptive–explorative, multi‐informant research design. Participants were 60 children and their parents who filled in a self‐constructed questionnaire.Results  Both parents and children perceived the period of homebound instruction, as well as their school re‐entry, predominantly positively. Most of the children stated that they had been able to keep up with their subjects, and that they had good contact with their peers when they returned to school. According to parents, homebound instruction made a positive contribution to the school re‐entry of their child.Conclusions  The current study is one of the first to explore the school re‐entry of children with a chronic or long‐term illness. According to both parents and children, the school re‐entry process passed off positively. However, more research is needed with regard to the quality of education and the programmes aimed at facilitating school re‐entry.
Molecular characterization of Der p 10: a diagnostic marker for broad sensitization in house dust mite allergy
Authors: Resch Y. , Weghofer M. , Seiberler S. , Horak F. , Scheiblhofer S. , Linhart B. , Swoboda I. , Thomas W. R. , Thalhamer J. , Valenta R. , Vrtala S. 
Published: June 2011

Summary
Background Tropomyosins represent clinically relevant seafood allergens but the role of mite tropomyosin, Der p 10, in house dust mite (HDM) allergy has not been studied in detail.
Objective To express and purify a recombinant Der p 10 with equivalent IgE reactivity as natural Der p 10 and to evaluate its IgE reactivity and allergenic activity in HDM‐allergic patients.
Methods rDer p 10 was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified and characterized by mass spectrometry and circular dichroism. It was tested for IgE reactivity in 1322 HDM‐allergic patients. Detailed IgE‐reactivity profiles to six HDM allergens (Der p 1, 2, 5, 7, 10, 21) were established for subgroups of Der p 10‐positive and ‐negative patients. The allergenic activity of rDer p 10 was evaluated in basophil degranulation experiments.
Results rDer p 10 is an α‐helical protein sharing IgE epitopes with nDer p 10. It is recognized by 15.2% of HDM‐allergic patients. Der p 10‐negative patients were primarily sensitized to Der p 1 and/or Der p 2, whereas Der p 10‐positive patients reacted to several other HDM allergens besides the major allergens (Der p 1, Der p 2) or showed a rather selective Der p 10 reactivity. The allergenic activity of Der p 10 was generally low but patients could be identified who suffered from clinically relevant HDM allergy due to Der p 10 sensitization.
Conclusion and Clinical Relevance Der p 10 may be a diagnostic marker for HDM‐allergic patients with additional sensitization to allergens other than Der p 1 and Der p 2. Such patients may require attention when allergen‐specific immunotherapy is considered.
Cite this as: Y. Resch, M. Weghofer, S. Seiberler, F. Horak, S. Scheiblhofer, B. Linhart, I. Swoboda, W. R. Thomas, J. Thalhamer, R. Valenta and S. Vrtala, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2011 (41) 1468–1477.