bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electron Microscopic Studies of Bovine Progressive Degenerative Myeloencephalopathy in Brown Swiss Cattle
Authors: Oyster R. , Leipold H. W. , Troyer D. , Cash W. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySelected peripheral nerves from animals affected with Bovine Progressive Degenerative Myeloencephalopathy (BPDME) were examined by transmission electron microscopy. Changes in axons were both degenerative and reactive in nature and included axonal swelling in conjunction with accumulation of altered organelles and various forms of vesicles. Affected axoplasm was often vacuolated and shrunken, with loss of microtubules and microfilaments and separation of the axoplasmic membrane from the myelin sheath. Segmental disorganization of the normal lamellar pattern of myelin sheaths was observed. Affected myelin sheaths exhibited intramyelinic vacuoles or myelin bubbles often in association with concurrent axonal changes. Schwann cells occasionally contained swellen and vacuolated mitochondria and membrane‐bound vesicles. Axonal and myelin changes were considered similar, if not identical, to those described in the central nervous system of affected animals reported in the literature. Collectively, the changes described in the axons and myelin sheaths of the peripheral nerves studied were considered to be compatible with the “dying back” process described in various distal axonopathies. A metabolic defect in the enzyme systems associated with axonal transport was postulated to explain these peripheral nerve lesions.
Adenocarcinoma of the Ethmoid Olfactory Mucosa: A Histopathological and Ultrastructural Study with Evidence of Virus‐Like Particles
Authors: Gazquez A. , Roncero V. , Redondo E. , Duran E. , Masot J. , Gomez L. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA histopathological, morphometric and ultrastructural study was made of enzootic nasal neoplasia in a group of 25 Verata goats. A nasal adenocarcinoma was diagnosed. The neoplasm contained two clearly defined zones, one cystic and the other compact. The tumour stroma was composed of abundant loose connective tissue, in which mononuclear infiltrate was clearly identifiable.The observed viral particles were morphologically similar to Visna‐Maedi. These particles had an eccentrically located electrodense core. The diameter of the virus was about 90 nm and it showed envelope numerous spikes on the surface. The virus is assumed to be the causative primary agent of the tumour.
Urinary Tamm‐Horsfall Glycoprotein Concentrations in Normal and Urolithiasis‐Affected Male Cats Determined by an ELISA
Authors: Rhodes D.C.J. , Hinsman E.J. , Rhodes J.A. , Hawkins E.C. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA precise and reproducible enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) which measures urinary cat Tamm‐Horsfall glycoprotein (cTHP) was developed in order to investigate the possible role of cTHP in the pathogenesis of feline urolithiasis. Reproducible quantification required that the cTHP be disaggregated with 2M urea and 0.05% Tween 20. It was necessary to standardize rigidly the handling of the samples prior to analysis, since the apparent cTHP concentration varied depending on the preanalysis protocols. Using the sample handling protocol of freezing urine at −70 °C before dialysis, urinary cTHP was quantified in male cats with no history of urolithiasis (“normal” cats) and in male cats with a history of urolith formation (“urolithiasis” cats). The mean cTHP concentration in adult, male “normal” cats of 49.2 ± 35.5 μg/ml (N = 23) was significantly lower than the mean cTHP concentration of 95.4 ± 34.1 μg/ml (N = 9) in “urolithiasis” cats (p <0.01, Students' T‐test). These findings indicate a correlation between urolithiasis and high urine cTHP concentrations in male cats which warrants further investigation.
C‐Reactive Protein — a Characteristic Feature of Health Control in Swine
Authors: Bürger W. , Fennert E.‐M. , Pohle M. , Wesemeier H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn this study 120 weaned female piglets were clinically examined and porcine C‐reactive protein (CRP) concentration determined in blood serum by means of a competitive enzyme ligand assay. CRP values were put into relation to clinical (catarrh, diarrhoea, inflammation and fever) and pathomorphological findings. It was found, that CRP values are clearly elevated during infections with fever and inflammatory processes, but not in the case of catarrh and diarrhoea. The pathomorphological investigations of some animals with clinical findings revealed changes in lungs, bowels and liver.Special attention has to be paid to the fact that, as in man, CRP is an acute phase reactant, and therefore a sensitive, but non‐specific indicator for infections and inflammation processes. Serum CRP screening seems to be a good means for the supervision of the general state of health in pigs.
The Ultrastructure of Cells and Cell Fragments in Mammary Secretions of Camelus bactrianus
Authors: Abdurahman O. Sh. , Cooray R. , Bornstein S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe fine structure of leucocytes from the udders of 7 lactating and 3 non‐lactating bactrian camels and from peripheral blood were studied. The most important finding was the presence of large numbers of cell fragments in milk. The cell fragments were bounded by a plasma membrane, had no nuclei and contained mitochondria and abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER).Macrophages were the dominant cells recovered from milk and udder washings during the dry period. Neutrophils and lymphocytes were also present. The dominating leucocytes in blood were neutrophils, followed by lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes and basophils.
Vergleichende Untersuchungen diagnostisch bedeutsamer Enzyme in Blutplasma, Euterlymphe und Milch von gesunden und euterkranken Kühen
Authors: Grün E. , Fürll Brigitta , Eichel Victoria 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA Comparative Study of Diagnostically Important Enzymes in Blood Plasma, Udder Lymph and Milk of Healthy and Udder Disease Infested CowsDifferent secretions (colostrum, milk, dry udder secretion) of every quarter, peripheral lymph from superficial lymph vessels of the mammary gland and blood from the V. epigastrica superficialis were obtained in 43 cows at different stages of lactation. In these samples the activity of 5 enzymes (LDH, NAG, AP, LAP, GGT) was determined. Levels of LDH and NAG were highest in blood plasma and udder lymph. Levels of LAP, AP and GGT were highest in milk increasing in this order. LDH, NAG, AP and LAP were correlated in both compartments. Changes of the functional state (dry or colostral period) and tissue disturbances of the mammary gland were accompanied by marked changes of enzyme activity in the secretions, but were without obvious influence on enzyme levels in blood plasma and udder lymph.ZusammenfassungBei 43 Kühen in verschiedenen Laktationsstadien wurde beim morgendlichen Melken aus jedem Euterviertel das Sekret (Kolostrum, Milch, Trockenstehersekret) und anschließend periphere Euterlymphe aus den oberflächlichen Lymphgefäßen sowie Blut aus derV. epigastrica superficialisentnommen. In den Eutersekreten und in Lymph‐ und Blutplasma wurde die Aktivität von 5 Enzymen (Laktatdehydrogenase [LDH], N‐Azetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase [NAG], alkalische Phosphatase [AP], Leuzinaminopeptidase [LAP], gamma‐Glutamyltransferase [GGT]) ermittelt. LDH und NAG sind vorwiegend in Blutplasma und Euterlymphe enthalten, LAP, AP und GGT in steigendem Grad in der Milch. Bei LDH, NAG, AP und LAP bestehen Korrelationen zwischen beiden Verteilungsräumen. Veränderung des Funktionszustandes des Euters (Trockenstellen, Kolostrumbildung) und Schädigung des Eutergewebes bei Mastitis verändert nur die Enzymaktivität in den Eutersekreten tiefgreifend, ist aber ohne wesentlichen Einfluß auf die in Blutplasma bzw. Euterlymphe.
Inhibition of D‐Galactose Transport Across the Small Intestine of Rabbit by Zinc
Authors: Yoldi María‐Carmen Rodriguez , Mesonero J.E. , Yoldi M.‐J. Rodriguez 
Published: May 2010

SummaryZinc is an essential trace element necessary to life. Many metallo‐enzymes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids require zinc for their functions. The aim of this study was to characterize how zinc acts on the intestinal sugar absorption in rabbit. Results obtained show that zinc decreases both D‐galactose accumulation in the jejunum tissue, and mucosal to serosal transepithelial flux of this sugar, in a dose‐dependent way. Furthermore, zinc seems not to modify sugar diffusion across the intestinal epithelium. The inhibition of intestinal sugar transport by zinc seems to be of a competitive type and it is reversed in high proportion with dithioerythritol (thiol groups protector). The results suggest that zinc decreases carrier‐mediated intestinal sugar absorption.
Immunohistochemistry with Keratin Monoclonal Antibodies in Canine Tissues: Urogenital Tract, Respiratory Tract, (Neuro‐)Endocrine Tissues, Chorioid Plexus and Spinal Cord
Authors: Vos J.H. , van den Ingh T.S.G.A.M. , de Neijs M. , van Mil F.N. , Ivanyi D. , Ramaekers F.C.S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTwelve oligo‐ or monospecific monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) directed against human keratin types were used in an immunohistochemical study of the canine male and female urogenital tract, the respiratory tract, the adrenal gland, the (para‐)thyroid gland, the chorioid plexus and the spinal cord. The keratin MoAbs showed differences in staining patterns in the various epithelial tissues and the diverse epithelial cells. The kidney was characterized by a complex keratin staining pattern and the canine urothelium showed regional differences in keratin staining. Also in the female genital tract different keratin staining patterns were observed. Testicular and adrenal gland cells did not react with any of the keratin MoAbs. The keratin staining patterns in the various canine tissues showed, in addition to similarities, also distinct differences when compared to the staining patterns in corresponding tissues of other species, e. g. of man. These staining dissimilarities indicate that the reactivity patterns of the keratin MoAbs with restricted keratin immunoreactivity can not be always extrapolated from one species to another. Nevertheless, MoAbs directed against human keratin proteins can apparently be used to differentiate between various types of canine epithelia or epithelial compartments.
Adaptation of a Commercially Available Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for the Determination of Thyroxine in Canine Plasma Samples
Authors: Jensen A.L. , Høier R. , Poulsen J.S.D. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe purpose of the present study was to modify a previously evaluated enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Larssonand Lumsden, 1980) for the determination of the thyroxine (T4) concentration in canine plasma samples. The test kit Enzymun‐Test®(Boehringer Mannheim)for determination of T4concentrations in human plasma was used in connection with the analyzer system Enzymun‐Test®(Boehringer Mannheim)System ES‐33. The assay protocol originally used by Larssonand Lumsden(1980) was modified by including an additional standard, prolongation of the incubation period for the immunoreaction and the enzymeassay, and reduction of the amount of T4conjugate. The intra‐ and interassay coefficient of variations ranged from 3.8% to 12.5%. The detection limit of the assay was 3.9nmol/l which is well below the T4concentration observed in plasma from healthy dogs, and the T4concentrations determined in plasma from healthy dogs before and 3 hours after administration of TRH (38.0 ± 7.4 nmol/l and 51.8 ± 8.5 nmol/l, respectively) were comparable to those reported in the literature.
Immunohistochemistry of Hepatic IGF‐I in Calf, Pig, and Rat
Authors: Bestetti G.E. , Blum J.W. , Rossi G.L. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe liver appears to be the major site of synthesis of somatomedin C or insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I), yet, the intrahepatic histological localization of this polypeptide is not well known. For this reason we investigated immunohistochemically the liver of calves, pigs, and rats, fixed by perfusion or immersion with Karnovsky solution. In all three animal species the layer of hepatocytes bordering the liver capsule was labeled by anti‐IGF‐I. In the pig and rats all perivenous hepatocytes were intensively labeled whereas in calves only the periportal hepatocytes contained immunoreactive IGF‐I. While preabsorption of the anti‐IGF‐I antiserum with the antigen abolished the immunoreaction, preabsorption with insulin or IGF‐II did not.No labeling occurred when immersion‐fixed liver tissue was used.
Effects of Diets with Graded Levels of Deoxynivalenol on Performance in Growing Pigs
Authors: Bergsjø B. , Matre T. , Nafstad I. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryFeeding trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of including deoxynivalenol (DON)‐contaminated oats to provide approximately 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg/kg in the complete diets of growing pigs with initial weight of 25 kg. Performance was recorded as weight gain, feed intake, efficiency of feed utilization and carcass quality. Restricted feeding was compared to ad libitum feeding. For the groups fed diets containing 2 and 4 mg/kg of DON, a dose‐related decrease in weight gain was observed during the first 8 weeks on experimental diets. With 4 mg/kg DON there were decreased feed intake, weight gain and efficiency of feed utilization throughout the experiment. No effect was observed in groups fed diets containing 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg of DON. The carcass quality was not affected in any group.
Urinary Protein Analysis in Cardiomyopathy‐Affected and Healthy Cattle by SDS‐Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
Authors: Graber H.U. , Martig J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryUrinary proteins of cardiomyopathy (CMP)‐affected (n = 31) and of healthy cattle (n = 35) were analyzed by a combination of SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver stain. The following results were obtained: 1) Out of the various urinary proteins found in CMP‐affected and healthy cattle, IgG, Tf, Alb, α1‐acid GP, Apo A1, IgG heavy and light chain could be identified. 2) In CMP‐affected cattle, all the proteins mentioned above were detected in increased amounts in the urine. The quantities of Alb, Tf, and IgG were especially large. 3) In the case of CMP, the permeability of the glomerular filter was highly increased for large serum proteins. The tubular protein reabsorption of small proteins was less altered by the disease. 4) Although the electrophoretic pattern of the urinary proteins was abnormal in all the examined CMP‐affected animals, the urinary protein concentrations were increased (> 230 mg/l) in only 42% of the cases. Consequently, the urinary protein concentration is not a reliable parameter for detecting renal diseases. 5) For both CMP‐affected and healthy cattle the urinary protein pattern depended neither on the urine sampling technique (catheterization, spontaneous urine) nor on the reproductive stage.
Vasointestinal Polypeptide (VIP)‐Immunoreactive Nerves in the Boar Penis
Authors: Dalin A.‐M. , Rodriguez‐Martinez H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryVasointestinal polypeptide (VIP)‐immunoreactivity was localized at LM‐level in cryostate sections using a peroxidase‐anti‐peroxidase technique, and at EM‐level in glutaraldehyde‐fixed, resin‐embedded sections using an immunogold technique, of samples from the penis of 3 Hampshire boars with a history of normal erection and mating behaviour. One boar of the same breed with an impotence diagnosis was also examined. In the normal animals, VIP‐immunoreactivity was localized into nerves associated to blood vessels and non‐vascular smooth muscle in the capsular lamina propria and the fibromuscular layers, and intermingled under the penis epithelium. At EM level, the immunogold localization confirmed the above mentioned results, VIP being localized in nerve terminals. Nerve terminals without VIP‐reactivity had EM appearance of cholinergic or adrenergic nerve terminals. No obvious differences in VIP innervation were noticed among the normal boars. In the impotent animal, a marked depletion of VIP‐immunoreactivity was evident, as well as degenerative changes in the adrenergic and cholinergic nerve profiles. It is concluded that the porcine penis is well innervated, along with adrenergic and cholinergic components, by VIP‐containing nerves. The depletion of the scattered VIP‐containing nerves in the impotent case suggests its involvement in the mechanisms of penile erection in the boar.
Effects of Intraarticular Corticosteroid and Sodium Hyaluronate Injections on Synovial Fluid Production and Synovial Fluid Content of Sodium Hyaluronate and Proteoglycans in Normal Equine Joints
Authors: RONÉUS B. , LINDBLAD A. , LINDHOLM A. , JONES B. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryHyaluronate and cartilage proteoglycan fragments in synovial fluid from normal equine joints were determined after repeated intraarticular injections of bethametasone, methylprednisolone, hyaluronate, saline and a combination of bethametasone + hyaluronate and methylprednisolone + hyaluronate. The experimental intraarticular treatments were given at the beginning of the study and after one and two weeks. Synovial samples were obtained at the onset of the study and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 weeks.The synovial volume was determined and showed no significant changes after the repeated arthrocenteses and the experimental treatments.Corticosteroid injections resulted in increased levels of hyaluronate in the synovial fluid which indicated a stimulatory effect on the synoviocytes to produce hyaluronate. The corticosteroids also resulted in high levels (up to 20 times the initial level) of proteoglycans which indicated joint cartilage degradation. A combined injection of corticosteroids and high molecular weight hyaluronate reduced proteoglycan breakdown which indicated a protective effect of hyaluronate on the articular cartilage.
Effects of Oral and Intravenous Administration of Endotoxin in Prepubertal Gilts
Authors: HOLST H. , EDQVIST L.‐E. , KINDAHL H. , RYLANDER R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe effect of oral intake of endotoxins was studied in 12 prepubertal gilts. The animals were given 30 or 100 mg of ET each in their regular morning feed ration. Blood samples were collected periodically during 24 h and the clinical status, including rectal temperature, was recorded at the same time. Hematological and clinical chemical analyses that included serum bile acids, glutamate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, iron, zinc and a blood plasma metabolite of prostaglandin F2α, were done. The animals showed no obvious clinical symptoms following endotoxin feeding. The major findings were increased bile acid and glutamate dehydrogenase values with the most prominent rises being recorded 10–12 h after endotoxin intake. In a later experiment, 6 animals were injected i. v. with endotoxin in doses in the range 0.1–0.5 μg/kg b. w. Blood samples were taken and analysed as in the endotoxin‐feeding experiment. Within 1 h of injection, all animals showed symptoms such as vomiting, fever and dyspnea. The clinical signs disappeared within 2–5h. The injections were followed by increases in bile acids, glutamate dehydrogenase and prostaglandin F2α metabolite. To conclude, this study indicates that clinically healthy prepubertal gilts react to ingested endotoxin in feed but that no apparent clinical disturbances ensue.
Polioencephalomalacia Induced with Amprolium in Buffalo Calves: Pathologic Changes of the Central Nervous System
Authors: TANWAR R.K. , MALIK KITAB SINGH , SADANA J.R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryEight apparently healthy male buffalo calves of 6 to 12 months of age were drenched with amprolium*** (300 mg/kg body weight) till the development of clinical signs. Four buffalo calves of the same age group were drenched with tap water only and these served as controls. Amprolium drenched calves were allowed to die after the onset of clinical signs and control calves were euthanised after the death of amprolium fed calves. Tissues were collected for histopathological studies. Formalin fixed brain slices were examined for autofluorescence with the help of ultraviolet light at 365 nm.Gross and histopathological changes were mainly confined to the brain in amprolium fed calves. Gross lesions included congestion and haemorrhages in the meninges. The cerebral gyri were swollen with yellowish discolouration of cerebral cortex. Microscopic changes in the brain were limited to gray matter structures of cerebral and cerebellar cortex, caudal colliculi of mid brain and thalamus. There was shrinkage of neurons, perivascular and pericellular edema, necrosis of neurons, satellitosis, glial nodule and gliosis. Blood vessel walls were thickened due to hypertrophy and hyperplasia of endothelial and adventitial cells.In the cerebellar cortex, there was degeneration of Purkinje cells. The caudal colliculi of mid brain showed bilateral malacia. In the necrotic areas, neuropils were fragmented, edematous and hypercellular due to increased number of microglial cells and there was neocapillary formation. Subcortical gray matter of the thalamus showed necrosis of neurons, gliosis with formation of glial nodule.Formalin‐fixed brain slices of amprolium fed calves showed disseminated areas of greenish yellow autofluorescence in the cerebral cortex when viewed under ultraviolet light at 365 nm.
Biochemical Indicators of Bone Metabolic Activity in Bovine Periparturient Hypocalcemia
Authors: LAPPETELÄINEN R. , LAPPETELÄINEN E. , HASSINEN T. , HAHL M. , PIRSKANEN A. , MÄENPÄÄ P.H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTwenty‐one paretic and 30 nonparetic periparturient ambulatory cows were studied together with 13 non‐pregnant control cows. Blood samples were collected during a time period of 6 hours before or after parturition and from nonpregnant cows. A severe hypocalcemia (‐44%) and hypophosphatemia (‐69%) were found in the paretic vs. nonparetic periparturient animals, whereas serum magnesium concentrations were not altered. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity was modestly (‐12%) but not significantly decreased in the paretic vs. nonparetic periparturient cows. Serum osteocalcin concentrations, which reflect osteoblast activity, were strikingly low during the periparturient period and more in the paretic cows but the difference between the paretic (‐36%) and nonparetic animals was not statistically significant. In the paretic cows, serum 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations were significantly increased (+53%) and those of hydroxyproline decreased (‐18%) compared with the nonparetic animals. Serum estradiol levels were markedly increased in the periparturient vs. nonpregnant cows and more in the paretic animals, but, again, the difference between the paretic (+47%) and nonparetic animals was not statistically significant. Serum retinol concentrations were significantly lower (‐18%) in the paretic vs. nonparetic periparturient cows probably reflecting increased lactation in the paretic animals. Collectively, the results indicate very low bone metabolic activity in the periparturient vs. nonpregnant cows and support the hypothesis of both osteoblast and osteoclast functions being impaired in the paretic animals.