bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Counterion's Effect on the Catalytic Activity of Zn‐Prolinamide Complexes in Aldol Condensations
Authors: Andreu Cecilia , Sanz Francisca , Asensio Gregorio 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe catalytic activity of complexes involving organic ligands and Lewis acids can be modulated by changing any of their components. In this work we have studied the influence on the stereoselectivity and catalytic activity exerted by the counterion of zinc salts employed as cocatalysts of L‐prolinamide in aldol condensations. The structures of the complexes have been determined both in solution and in the solid state.
A Formal Total Synthesis of Dysiherbaine and Neodysiherbaine A
Authors: Lee Hee‐Yoon , Lee Sang‐Shin , Kim Hoon Seok , Lee Kang Mun 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA domino olefin metathesis reaction of 1‐alkyl‐3‐(allyloxy)‐7‐oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐5‐enes 7 produced the fused bis(oxacyclic) structure for dysiherbaine and neodysiherbaine A (i.e., 6b) with the complete control of the relative stereochemistry at the quaternary carbon center and the ring junction of the dysiherbaine core skeleton. A formal total synthesis of dysiherbaine and neodysiherbaine A was achieved from 6b.
Highly Selective Primary Alkoxycarboxylation and Esterification of Unprotected Pyranose Derivatives Mediated by Scandium(III) Triflate Catalysis (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 19/2012)
Authors: McClure Michael S. , Berry Malcolm B. , Caine Darren , Crawford Claire , Crump Brian C. , Glover Bobby N. , Kedia Sandeep B. , Millar Alan , Mitchell Mark B. , Nichols Christopher J. , Patterson Daniel E. , Powers Jeremiah 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe cover picture shows the highly selective scandium‐catalyzed alkoxycarboxylation of an unprotected pyranose. The utility of this highly selective reaction is illustrated by the background photo of a 50 L reactor where the catalysis was carried out on a kilogram scale in Research Triangle Park, NC. The reaction scope and mechanistic details are described in the Short Communication by M. S. McClure et. al. on p. 3561 ff. magnified image
Depression and Drive for Thinness are Associated with Persistent Bulimia Nervosa in the Community
Authors: Keski‐Rahkonen Anna , Raevuori Anu , Bulik Cynthia M. , Hoek Hans W. , Sihvola Elina , Kaprio Jaakko , Rissanen Aila 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo examine psychiatric comorbidity and factors that influence the outcome of bulimia nervosa (BN) in the general population.MethodWomen from the nationwide birth cohorts of Finnish twins were screened for lifetime BN (N = 59) by using questionnaires and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV. We assessed psychiatric comorbidity and other prognostic factors.ResultsAmong women with lifetime BN, the following were more common than among unaffected women: current major depressive disorder (p = 0.004), lifetime major depressive disorder (p = 0.00001) and heavy drinking (p = 0.01). Decreased likelihood of recovery was associated with a history of lifetime major depressive disorder (hazard ratio (HR) 0.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.23–0.84) and high drive for thinness at time of assessment (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.93–0.99).DiscussionHeavy drinking and depression present challenges for many women with BN. Major depressive disorder emerged as the only statistically significant prognostic factor of BN in this nationwide cohort; high drive for thinness was characteristic of the persistently ill. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Modulations in androgen and estrogen mediating genes and testicular response in male goldfish exposed to bisphenol A
Authors: Hatef Azadeh , Zare Ava , Alavi Sayyed Mohammad Hadi , Habibi Hamid R. , Linhart Otomar 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Adverse effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on reproductive physiology were studied in male goldfish (Carassius auratus) exposed to nominal environmentally relevant concentrations (0.2 and 20 µg/L) for up to 90 d. Transcriptions of various reproductive genes were measured in brain, liver, and testis to investigate the BPA modes of action. Volume, density, total number, motility, and velocity of sperm were measured to assess testicular function. At 0.2 µg/L, BPA reduced steroidogenetic acute regulatory protein and increased estrogen receptors (ERs) messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript (ERβ1 in liver and ERβ2 in testis) after 90 d. At 20 µg/L, BPA increased mRNA transcript of androgen receptor in testis, brain- and testis-specific aromatase, and vitellogenin in liver after 90, 30, 60, and 60 d, respectively. Transcripts of ERs mRNA were increased after 30 to 60 d at 20 µg/L BPA; increase in ERβ1 mRNA was observed in testis after 7 d. Total number, volume, and motility of sperm were decreased in males exposed to 0.2 and 20 µg/L BPA, whereas sperm density and velocity were only reduced at 20 µg/L BPA. The results support the hypothesis that BPA may exert both anti-androgenic and estrogenic effects, depending on concentration, leading to diminished sperm quality. The findings provide a framework for better understanding of the mechanisms mediating adverse reproductive actions of BPA observed in different parts of the world. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 2069–2077. © 2012 SETAC
Detection mechanism for reputation‐based selfishness prevention in MANETs
Authors: Rodriguez‐Mayol Alberto , Gozalvez Javier 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTMobile ad‐hoc networks require users to cooperate in the relaying of data. Reputation‐based selfishness prevention mechanisms are aimed at observing the behavior of nodes, and detecting and isolating selfish nodes that might drop packets. Mechanisms are therefore necessary to adequately and rapidly detect cooperative and selfish nodes. This work proposes a novel detection mechanism that outperforms the Bayesian techniques reported to date, and that can better cope with the unknown selfish behavior of nodes.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A numerical investigation of wall effects in three‐dimensional, laminar flow over a backward facing step with a constant aspect and expansion ratio
Authors: Malamataris N. A. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYThe wall effects are investigated in the three‐dimensional laminar flow over a backward‐facing step. For this purpose, a numerical experiment is designed under actual laboratory conditions. The aspect ratio of the computational domain is 1:40 and the expansion ratio is 1:2. The Reynolds number ranges from 100 to 950. The governing equations are the steady state, isothermal and incompressible Navier–Stokes equations for Newtonian fluids. They are solved with a homemade Galerkin finite element code. The computations are validated with data from available laboratory and numerical experiments. The results focus on the variation of both velocity profiles and lengths of eddies along the lower and upper wall in the spanwise direction. Calculated streamlines in the streamwise and transverse direction show how the flow is distorted near the lateral wall and how it develops up to the plane of symmetry. The study of skin friction lines along the top and bottom wall of the domain reveals a flow that takes place in the spanwise direction. This spanwise component of the flow becomes more dominant with increasing Reynolds number and is impossible to be sustained at steady state for Reynolds numbers higher than 950 for this particular geometry. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Technology: Understanding hedges can keep you employed
Authors: Skinner R. Kenneth 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAs Chris Trader pulled into his parking spot he felt uneasy. Chris was a trader for a retail energy supplier to commercial and industrial customers. Recently, a very large position he held in his portfolio started to lose money. When the markets closed the day before, the position was very close to its Value at Risk (VaR) limit (see Value at Risk). Chris knew that if the markets continued down today, he would be forced to sell the position, and thus lock in a very large loss for his company. Looking back over the last few weeks, Chris knew there were red flags that should have warned him that the position was in trouble, but he missed those and now it was too late.
Retaining walls, ground improvement works and monitoring for the new high‐speed railway station in Bologna / Verbauwände, Bodenverbesserungsmaßnahmen und Monitoring für einen neuen Bahnhof für Hochgeschwindigkeitszüge in Bologna
Authors: Ciufegni Stefano , Sacchi Francesco , Utzeri Luca 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe new Bologna high‐speed railway station extends approximately 640 m underground, with a width of 56 m and a depth of 25 m. The open‐cut excavation work to complete the underground station was designed using an innovative structural system, which entails the construction of reinforced concrete diaphragm walls with unusual shape and structural behaviour. Vaults, diaphragm walls with an arched section, were constructed to absorb the thrust actions. Buttresses, T‐section diaphragm walls were designed to absorb actions through flexural behaviour transmitted by the vaults.Der neue Bahnhof für Hochgeschwindigkeitszüge in Bologna erstreckt sich unterirdisch in einer Tiefe von 25 m über eine Länge von knapp 640 m und eine Breite von etwa 56 m. Zur Herstellung der offenen Baugrube für die unterirdische Haltestelle wurde ein innovatives konstruktives System entworfen, für dessen Ausführung bewehrte Schlitzbetonwände mit ungewöhnlichen Formen und konstruktiven Aufgaben erforderlich sind. Gewölbe aus bogenförmig angeordneten Schlitzwänden werden zur Verteilung von Schubkräften verwendet und Stützpfeiler aus T‐förmig angeordneten Schlitzwänden sind für die Aufnahme der von den Gewölben übertragenen Biegebeanspruchung vorgesehen.
Contextual antecedents of informal feedback in the workplace
Authors: van der Rijt Janine , van de Wiel Margje W. J. , Van den Bossche Piet , Segers Mien S. R. , Gijselaers Wim H. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis study brings together findings from different research angles on informal feedback in the workplace. We explore the individual and joint influences of three contextual antecedents of seeking feedback: support for learning, psychological safety, and work pressure. Based on our survey of 138 employees from various organizations, hierarchical regression analyses revealed that support in the work environment positively influenced the quality of the self‐initiated feedback from colleagues and (in particular( from the supervisor. Psychological safety positively related to the quality of the self‐initiated feedback from colleagues. No relation was found between support, psychological safety and the frequency of feedback seeking, however, an indication for the existence of a curvilinear effect of work pressure on the frequency of feedback seeking was found. The study highlights the importance of fostering supportive and psychological safe work environments, so that employees and supervisors will look for and give constructive feedback. Learning in organizations can be stimulated by creating enough time and opportunities for informal feedback, and the results suggest several valuable and promising avenues for future research.
Mentoring as an HRD approach: Effects on employee attitudes and contributions independent of core self‐evaluation
Authors: Thurston Paul W. , D'Abate Caroline P. , Eddy Erik R. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMentoring as a form of strategic human resource management is an interesting addition to the HRD literature because it provides a mechanism of change for individual employees. Numerous studies have demonstrated the benefits of mentoring to both the employee and the firm; yet, a recent review of mentoring research argues that mentoring has less effect on important job‐related outcomes than some characteristics of the individual being mentored. While individual characteristics such as personality and core self‐evaluation are good predictors of job‐related attitudes and performance, they can't be acted on in an HRD capacity. The firm can, however, improve the quality of its human resources by taking actions that foster an environment for mentoring to flourish. The current research developed a model to examine whether efforts to reduce barriers and encourage mentoring can, in fact, lead to individual and organizational benefits like greater job, career, and coworker satisfaction; more organizational commitment; and higher performance and competency, and if these effects are independent of core self‐evaluations. Data from 121 supervisors and 632 employees in a Fortune 500 insurance firm were subjected to linear structural relations (LISREL) analysis. Results demonstrated that while both mentoring and core self‐evaluation had positive and independent relationships with job and organizational attitudes, only mentoring had a statistically reliable relationship with supervisors' reports of employee contributions. The findings suggest that the individual and organizational benefits of mentoring are important outcomes of a strong strategic HRD system.
Staffing the global organization: “Cultural nomads”
Authors: McPhail Ruth , Fisher Ron , Harvey Michael , Moeller Miriam 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis article explores the evolution of international staffing in an increasingly globalized and hypercompetitive marketplace. As the issue of staff retention becomes critical in global organizations, it is important to understand the types of managers that may be on or assigned to overseas assignments. The purpose of this article is to present a conceptual model of types of expatriates and explore key decision making points along their potential evolution into global staff. This model emerges from several bodies of literature.
Recent Advances in Hybrid Optoelectronics
Authors: Vaynzof Yana , Kabra Dinesh , Brenner Thomas J. K. , Sirringhaus Henning , Friend Richard H. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPolymer/organic optoelectronic devices have drawn the attention of both the academic and industrial research communities due to the potential for a low‐cost, large‐area, solution‐processable technology alternative to conventional inorganic optoelectronics. Issues related to the stability and degradation of the organic/polymer‐based optoelectronics are hampering the progress in the field. The use of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT : PSS) as the anode and reactive metals as the cathode, as well as the degradation of organic semiconductors in ambient atmosphere, are some of the stability issues to be addressed. To resolve these issues, in the past decade, there has been a growing interest in research of hybrid optoelectronic devices which employ metal oxides as air‐stable charge injecting/extracting layers that sandwich the photo‐responsive organic active layer and protect it from the ambient oxygen and moisture and prevent photo‐oxidation by absorbing UV light. Herein, we review the recent advances made in hybrid optoelectronics and discuss the tremendous potential of these devices.
FACTOR ANALYSIS OF A LARGE DSGE MODEL
Authors: Onatski Alexei , Ruge‐Murcia Francisco 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYWe study the workings of the factor analysis of high‐dimensional data using artificial series generated from a large, multi‐sector dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model. The objective is to use the DSGE model as a laboratory that allows us to shed some light on the practical benefits and limitations of using factor analysis techniques on economic data. We explain in what sense the artificial data can be thought of having a factor structure, study the theoretical properties of the principal components estimates of the factor space, investigate the substantive reason(s) for the good performance of diffusion index forecasts, and assess the quality of the factor analysis of highly disaggregated data. In all our exercises, we explain the precise relationship between the factors and the basic macroeconomic shocks postulated by the model. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enantioselective effect of bifenthrin on antioxidant enzyme gene expression and stress protein response in PC12 cells
Authors: Lu Xianting 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTEnantioselectivity in toxicology and the health risk of chiral xenobiotics have become frontier topics interfacing chemistry and toxicology. Our previous results showed that cis‐bifenthrin (cis‐BF) induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in vitro in an enantioselective manner. However, the exact molecular mechanisms of synthetic pyrethroid‐induced enantioselective apoptosis and cytotoxicity have so far received limited research attention. In the present study, the expression patterns of different genes encoding heat shock protein and antioxidant enzymes were investigated by real‐time quantitative PCR in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells after exposure to cis‐BF and its enantiomers. The results showed that exposure to 1S‐cis‐BF resulted in increased transcription of HSP90, HSP70, HSP60, Cu–Zn–superoxide dismutase, Mn‐superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione‐s‐transferase at a concentration of 5 µm and above, while exposure to1R‐cis‐BF and rac‐cis‐BF exhibited these effects to lesser degrees. In addition, induction of antioxidant enzyme gene expression produced by 1S‐cis‐BF might occur, at least in part, through activation of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) and extracellular regulated kinases, while increase in stress protein response produced by 1S‐cis‐BF might occur through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. The results not only suggest that enantioselectivity should be considered in evaluating the ecotoxicological effects and health risk of chiral contaminants, but also will improve the understanding of molecular mechanism for chiral chemical‐induced cytotoxicity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Promotion of adiponectin multimerization by emodin: A novel AMPK activator with PPARγ‐agonist activity
Authors: Chen Zhifen , Zhang Lu , Yi Junyang , Yang Zhuanbo , Zhang Zhijie , Li Zhen 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAdiponectin is an important insulin‐sensitizing adipokine with multiple beneficial effects on obesity‐associated medical complications. It is secreted from adipocytes into circulation as high, medium, and low molecular weight forms (HMW, MMW, and LMW). Each oligomeric form of adiponectin exerts non‐overlapping biological functions, with the HMW oligomer possessing the most potent insulin‐sensitizing activity. In this study, we reported that emodin, a natural product and active ingredient of various Chinese herbs, activates AMPK in both 3T3‐L1 adipocytes and 293T cells. Activation of AMPK by emodin promotes the assembly of HMW adiponectin and increases the ratio of HMW adiponectin to total adiponectin in 3T1‐L1 adipocytes. Emodin might activate AMPK by an indirect mechanism similar to berberine. We also found that emodin activates PPARγ and promotes differentiation and adiponectin expression during differentiation of 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes. Therefore, emodin is a novel AMPK activator with PPARγ‐agonist activity. Our results demonstrate that the effects of emodin on adiponectin expression and multimerization are the ultimate effects resulting from both AMPK activation and PPARγ activation. The dual‐activity makes emodin or the derivatives potential drug candidates for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and other obesity‐related metabolic diseases. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 3547–3558, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Study of the atypical formations in the corrosion bulks of an ancient bronze shield, by optical and electron microscopy
Authors: Mircea Otilia , Sandu Ion , Vasilache Viorica , Sandu Andrei Victor 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis article presents the atypical formations in the structure of the corrosion crust and in the partially mineralized metallic core, which resulted during the underground stay of a bronze shield, dated between the 1st century B.C. and the 1st century A.D. For our study, we choose a representative fragment from the rim of the shield, which was analyzed by optical microscopy and by electron microscopy coupled with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, to study its morphology, its composition, and the location of chemical compounds on the surface and inside the bulk formed during the underground stay, by processes of chemical and physical alteration, assisted by contamination with structural elements from the site. Those processes, by monolithization and mineralization formed a series of structures consisting of congruent elements and phases with a complex composition. Those formations, defined as surface effects generated by exogenous factors and endogenous factors inside the bulk, are frequently found in ancient bronze objects (such as the exterior flat mole formations and the Liesegang effect in the stratigraphic structure of the bulk). Some of those structures have atypical characteristics as regards their structure, composition, and formation mechanism, which may be used in archeometry. Moreover, that includes the object in the category of special cases, in terms of artifact evolution during underground stay and of the atypical formations resulted from the action of pedological and environmental factors. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Edge Weighting Functions on Dominating Sets
Authors: Southey Justin , Henning Michael A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn this article, we use edge weighting functions on dominating sets to show that if we impose a regularity condition on a graph, then upper bounds on both the upper domination number and the upper total domination number can be greatly improved. More precisely, we prove that for if G is a k‐regular graph on n vertices, then the upper domination number of G is at most , and the upper total domination number of G is at most . Furthermore, we show that these bounds are sharp and characterize the infinite families of graphs that achieve equality in both these bounds.
Limonia fruit as a food supplement to regulate fluoride‐induced hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia
Authors: Vasant Rupal A , Narasimhacharya Amaravadi VRL 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Limonia fruit pulp is edible and used in a number of food preparations. This fruit is also used as a folk medicine to treat various ailments and reportedly possesses antihyperglycaemic and antihyperlipidaemic activities. The purpose of the present study was to examine the potential of Limonia acidissima L. (LA) fruit pulp in regulating the carbohydrate and lipid profiles in fluoride‐exposed rats.RESULTS: Exposure to fluoride (100 mg l−1 NaF) resulted in significant increases in plasma and hepatic carbohydrate and lipid profiles. Administration of LA fruit powder (2.5, 5 and 10 g kg−1) in the diet for 4 weeks resulted in significant decreases in plasma glucose and lipid profiles and hepatic glucose‐6‐phosphatase activity and significant increases in hepatic glycogen content and hexokinase activity and plasma high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. Phytochemical analysis of the LA fruit pulp revealed the presence of fibres, phytosterols, saponins, polyphenols, flavonoids and ascorbic acid.CONCLUSION: Consumption of LA fruit pulp is beneficial in controlling hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia in fluoride‐induced toxicity. Since fibres, phytosterols, saponins, polyphenols, flavonoids and total ascorbic acid are known to influence both carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms, the decline in carbohydrate and lipid levels in LA‐administered fluoride‐exposed rats could be attributed to the phytoconstituents of the fruit. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry