bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bonding strength of the babbit alloy Sn‐12Sb‐6Cu‐1.8Bi
Authors: Sürül K. , Beiss P. , Akin O. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBlei‐ und Zinnbasislagermetalle für Gleitlager brauchen einen im Wesentlichen ferritischen Stahlstützkörper, um die Betriebslasten tragen zu können. Das Lagermetall wird auf dem Stützkörper als eine dünne Schicht von wenigen mm Dicke, z. B. bei Radiallagern im Schleudergussverfahren, aufgebraucht. Für beste Tragfähigkeiten bedarf es einer hohen Bindefestigkeit zwischen Stahl und Lagermetall, was man durch eine Tauchbeschichtung des Stahlstützkörpers in einem Bad aus reinem Zinn erreicht. Dabei bildet sich eine dünne FeSn2‐Zwischenschicht, die sich beim Ausgießen auflöst und gute Benetzung und direkten Kontakt zwischen Stahl und Lagermetall sicherstellt. Bei einem neuen Hochleistungslagermetall mit 1,8 Gew.‐% Wismut als Mischkristallverfestiger ließen sich mit der FeSn2‐Zwischenschicht ausreichende Bindefestigkeiten nicht reproduzierbar erzielen. Deshalb wurde ein Zink‐modifiziertes Tauchbad entwickelt, mit dem sich eine FeZn9‐Zwischenschicht bildet. Mit dieser Beschichtung wurden bei allen untersuchten Zinnbasislagermetallen sehr gute Bindefestigkeiten erreicht.Lead‐ and tin‐base babbit materials for sliding bearings require a more or less ferritic steel backing to support the service loads. The babbit material is bonded to the steel as a thin layer of only a few mm thickness, e. g. in the case of radial bearings by centrifugal casting. For best load bearing capacity the bonding strength between steel and babbit must be high which is achieved by hot‐dip coating of the steel backing in a pure tin bath, thus forming a thin FeSn2 interlayer dissolving during pouring and warranting a good wetting and direct contact between steel and babbit melt. With a new high performance babbit containing 1.8 wt.‐% bismuth as a solid solution strengthener, the FeSn2 interlayer failed to provide reproducibly sufficient bonding strength. Therefore, a zinc‐modified hot‐dip coating bath was developed forming an FeZn9 interlayer which produced very good bonding strengths to all investigated tin‐base babbit materials.
Wintertime variability in the Euro‐Atlantic region in observations and in ECMWF seasonal ensemble experiments
Authors: Pavan V. , Molteni F. , Branković Č 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAn empirical orthogonal function (EOF) decomposition of monthly mean analyses of 500 hPa height (1949–94) is used to describe the interannual variability of the large‐scale flow in the Euro‐Atlantic region during winter. The first four EOFs resemble low‐frequency variability patterns identified in previous studies, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation, and the eastern Atlantic and Eurasian teleconnection patterns. The second EOF and fourth EOF (EOF4) are associated with the occurrence of El Niño‐like sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies according to an observational analysis; for EOF4, correlations with SST anomalies in the west Pacific are also important. Indications of an influence of tropical SST anomalies on the blocking‐like third EOF, emerging from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) re‐analysis (ERA) data, are not confirmed by a longer SST record. A negligible correlation exists between the first EOF and El Niño indices during the ERA period, although a link may be detected in earlier decades.In the second part of the paper, a 14‐winter set of seasonal ensemble simulations, performed with the ECMWF atmospheric model forced by observed SST, is validated by comparing the projection of ERA data onto the four leading Euro‐Atlantic EOFs with those of ensemble experiments, and computing composite anomalies of analyses and model fields. The performance of the model is uneven and depends on the large‐scale pattern considered. Model biases and flow‐dependent errors affect the simulations of some of the EOFs: In particular the model has strong problems reproducing the occurrence of European blocks. The best correlation (69%) between the time series of analysis and ensemble‐mean principal components is obtained for EOF4, which seems to be forced by SST anomalies in the west Pacific associated with El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. The effects of this forcing are felt on the zonal wind structure over Eurasia, and are reasonably reproduced by the ECMWF model. Conversely, the propagation into the Atlantic region of planetary waves originating in the east Pacific is poorly simulated, thus degrading the model performance in predicting Euro‐Atlantic anomalies during some strong ENSO events.
Boreal winter predictions with the GEOS‐2 GCM: The role of boundary forcing and initial conditions
Authors: Chang Yehui , Schubert Siegfried D. , Suarez Max J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractEnsembles of atmospheric General Circulation Model (GCM) seasonal forecasts and long‐term simulations are analysed to assess the controlling influences of boundary forcing and memory of the initial conditions. Both the forecasts and simulations are carried out with version 2 of the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS‐2) GCM forced with observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs). While much of the focus is on the seasonal time‐scale (January‐March; 1981–95) and the Pacific North American (PNA) region, we also present results for other regions, shorter time‐scales, and other known modes of variability in the northern hemisphere extratropics.Forecasts of indices of some of the key large‐scale modes of variability show that there is considerable variability in skill between different regions of the northern hemisphere. The eastern North Atlantic region has the poorest long‐lead forecast skill, showing no skill beyond about 10 days. Skilful seasonal forecasts are primarily confined to the wave‐like El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) response emanating from the tropical Pacific. In the northern hemisphere, this is similar to the well‐known PNA pattern. Memory of the initial conditions is the major factor leading to skilful extratropical forecasts of lead time less than one month, while boundary forcing is the dominant factor at the seasonal time‐scale. Boundary forcing contributes to skilful forecasts at sub‐seasonal time‐scales only over the PNA region.The GEOS‐2 GCM produces average signal‐to‐noise ratios which are less than 1.0 everywhere in the extra‐tropics, except for the subtropical Pacific where they approach 1.5. An assessment of the sampling distribution of the forecasts suggests the model's ENSO response is very likely too weak. These results show some sensitivity to the uncertainties in the estimates of the SST forcing fields. In the North Pacific region, the sensitivity to SST forcing manifests itself primarily as changes in the variability of the PNA response, underscoring the need for an ensemble approach to the seasonal‐prediction problem.
Application of an Off‐Gas Analysing System to Control Oxidation during Stainless Steelmaking in an EAF
Authors: Risonarta V. Y. , Echterhof T. , Jung H. P. , Beiler C. , Lenz S. , Kirschen M. , Pfeifer H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDuring stainless steelmaking in the electric arc furnace at Deutsche Edelstahlwerke GmbH, oxygen is injected to oxidize unwanted tramp elements mainly carbon and silicon. Unfortunately the injected oxygen also oxidizes valuable elements such as chromium and iron, which causes an economical loss and has a negative environmental effect. Since the temperature and dilution techniques to minimise chromium oxidation are seldom applied in the electric arc furnace, a new strategy to minimise chromium oxidation has to be developed. This paper proposes a new strategy which involves the use of a continuous off‐gas analysing system to minimise chromium oxidation by monitoring the oxidation products in the off‐gas, i.e. CO and CO2. During stainless steelmaking in the electric arc furnace, for which initial carbon and silicon input cannot be precisely known due to imprecise scrap analysis, the installed off‐gas analysing system should provide precise information concerning an efficient oxygen injection. This would then directly prevents excess chromium and iron oxidation. A continuous off‐gas analysing system installed at Deutsche Edelstahlwerke GmbH delivers a promising result for future applications. During the plant trial, the efficiency of oxygen injection as well as the chromium and iron yields were increased.
Effect of Topological Defects on Buckling Behavior of Single-walled Carbon Nanotube
Authors: Ranjbartoreh Ali Reza , Wang Guoxiu 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMolecular dynamic simulation method has been employed to consider the critical buckling force, pressure, and strain of pristine and defected single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) under axial compression. Effects of length, radius, chirality, Stone–Wales (SW) defect, and single vacancy (SV) defect on buckling behavior of SWCNTs have been studied. Obtained results indicate that axial stability of SWCNT reduces significantly due to topological defects. Critical buckling strain is more susceptible to defects than critical buckling force. Both SW and SV defects decrease the buckling mode of SWCNT. Comparative approach of this study leads to more reliable design of nanostructures.
Selection of Direct Transesterification as the Preferred Method for Assay of Fatty Acid Content of Microalgae
Authors: Griffiths M. J. , van Hille R. P. , Harrison S. T. L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAssays for total lipid content in microalgae are usually based on the Folch or the Bligh and Dyer methods of solvent extraction followed by quantification either gravimetrically or by chromatography. Direct transesterification (DT) is a method of converting saponifiable lipids in situ directly to fatty acid methyl esters which can be quantified by gas chromatography (GC). This eliminates the extraction step and results in a rapid, one‐step procedure applicable to small samples. This study compared the effectiveness of DT in quantifying the total fatty acid content in three species of microalgae to extraction using the Folch, the Bligh and Dyer and the Smedes and Askland methods, followed by transesterification and GC. The use of two catalysts in sequence, as well as the effect of reaction water content on the efficiency of DT were investigated. The Folch method was the most effective of the extraction methods tested, but comparison with DT illustrated that all extraction methods were incomplete. Higher levels of fatty acid in the cells were obtained with DT in comparison with the extraction‐transesterification methods. A combination of acidic and basic transesterification catalysts was more effective than each individually when the sample contained water. The two‐catalyst reaction was insensitive to water up to 10% of total reaction volume. DT proved a convenient and more accurate method than the extraction techniques for quantifying total fatty acid content in microalgae.
Multiple recurrent pancreatic cysts with associated pancreatic inflammation and atrophy in a cat
Authors: Branter Erinne M. , Viviano Katrina R. 
Published: September 2010

Previous reports of true pancreatic cysts in cats have suggested that pancreatic cysts in cats are benign incidental findings. This case report describes the progressive clinical course and diagnostic findings in a cat with multiple recurrent pancreatic cysts. The presenting clinical signs included diarrhea, intermittent vomiting, polyphagia, and marked weight loss. Pancreatic cysts were identified via abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography (CT). An exploratory celiotomy and lesion histopathology confirmed multiple true pancreatic cysts of unknown etiology. One month after surgery the cat presented for lethargy and decreased appetite. Clinical re-evaluation was diagnostic for diabetes mellitus and an abdominal ultrasound confirmed recurrence of the pancreatic cysts. The recurrent nature of the pancreatic cysts and the concurrent development of diabetes mellitus were suggestive of progressive loss of pancreatic function or insulin resistance. This is the first described case of multiple recurring pancreatic cysts in a cat associated with pancreatic inflammation, atrophy and endocrine dysfunction.
Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist in Critically Ill Postoperative Patients: A Crossover Randomized Study
Authors: Coisel Yannael , Chanques Gerald , Jung Boris , Constantin Jean-Michel , Capdevila Xavier , Matecki Stefan , Grasso Salvatore , Jaber Samir 
Published: September 2010

Background
Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) is a new mode of mechanical ventilation that delivers ventilatory assist in proportion to the electrical activity of the diaphragm. This study aimed to compare the ventilatory and gas exchange effects between NAVA and pressure support ventilation (PSV) during the weaning phase of critically ill patients who required mechanical ventilation subsequent to surgery.

Methods
Fifteen patients, the majority of whom underwent abdominal surgery, were enrolled. They were ventilated with PSV and NAVA for 24 h each in a randomized crossover order. The ventilatory parameters and gas exchange effects produced by the two ventilation modes were compared. The variability of the ventilatory parameters was also evaluated by the coefficient of variation (SD to mean ratio).

Results
Two patients failed to shift to NAVA because of postoperative bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis, and one patient interrupted the study because of worsening of his sickness. In the other 12 cases, the 48 h of the study protocol were completed, using both ventilation modes, with no signs of intolerance or complications. The Pao2/Fio2 (mean ± SD) ratio in NAVA was significantly higher than with PSV (264 ± 71 vs. 230 ± 75 mmHg, P < 0.05). Paco2 did not differ significantly between the two modes. The tidal volume (median [interquartile range]) with NAVA was significantly lower than with PSV (7.0 [6.4-8.6] vs. 6.5 [6.3-7.4] ml/kg predicted body weight, P < 0.05).Variability of insufflation airway pressure, tidal volume, and minute ventilation were significantly higher with NAVA than with PSV. Electrical activity of the diaphragm variability was significantly lower with NAVA than with PSV.

Conclusions
Compared with PSV, respiratory parameter variability was greater with NAVA, probably leading in part to the significant improvement in patient oxygenation.
ArabidopsisLIM Proteins: A Family of Actin Bundlers with Distinct Expression Patterns and Modes of Regulation
Authors: Papuga Jessica , Hoffmann Céline , Dieterle Monika , Moes Danièle , Moreau Flora , Tholl Stéphane , Steinmetz André , Thomas Clément 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRecently, a number of two LIM-domain containing proteins (LIMs) have been reported to trigger the formation of actin bundles, a major higher-order cytoskeletal assembly. Here, we analyzed the six Arabidopsis thaliana LIM proteins. Promoter-β-glucuronidase reporter studies revealed that WLIM1, WLIM2a, and WLIM2b are widely expressed, whereas PLIM2a, PLIM2b, and PLIM2c are predominantly expressed in pollen. LIM-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions all decorated the actin cytoskeleton and increased actin bundle thickness in transgenic plants and in vitro, although with different affinities and efficiencies. Remarkably, the activities of WLIMs were calcium and pH independent, whereas those of PLIMs were inhibited by high pH and, in the case of PLIM2c, by high [Ca2+]. Domain analysis showed that the C-terminal domain is key for the responsiveness of PLIM2c to pH and calcium. Regulation of LIM by pH was further analyzed in vivo by tracking GFP-WLIM1 and GFP-PLIM2c during intracellular pH modifications. Cytoplasmic alkalinization specifically promoted release of GFP-PLIM2c but not GFP-WLIM1, from filamentous actin. Consistent with these data, GFP-PLIM2c decorated long actin bundles in the pollen tube shank, a region of relatively low pH. Together, our data support a prominent role of Arabidopsis LIM proteins in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization and dynamics in sporophytic tissues and pollen.
Unsteady wake measurements behind an airfoil and prediction of dynamic stall from the wake
Authors: Sadeghi Hamed , Mani Mahmoud , Hossein Karimian S.M. 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe primary purpose of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of the unsteady flow field in the wake of Eppler‐361 airfoil undergoing harmonic pitch oscillation in both pre‐stall and post‐stall regimes.Design/methodology/approachExperimental measurements were carried out to study the characteristics of the unsteady flow field within the wake of an airfoil. All of the experiments were conducted in a low‐speed wind tunnel, and the velocity field was measured by a hot‐wire anemometry. The airfoil was given a harmonic pitching motion about its half chord axis at two reduced frequencies of 0.091 and 0.273. All experimental data were taken at the oscillation amplitude of 8°. During the experiments, the mean angle of attack was altered from 2.5 to 10° that this made it possible to study the wake in both pre‐stall and post‐stall regimes.FindingsFrom the results, it can be concluded that different velocity profiles are formed in the wake at different phase angles. In addition, the hysteresis of the velocity field in the wake is captured between increasing and decreasing incidences. It is also found that the velocity field in the wake is strongly affected by the operating conditions of the airfoil, e.g. mean angle of attack, reduced frequency and instantaneous angle of attack. Huge variations in the profiles of the wake are observed at high instantaneous angles of attack when the mean angle of attack is 10°, i.e. when the airfoil experiences significant oscillations beyond the static stall. It is concluded that this is due to dynamic stall phenomenon.Practical implicationsFindings of the present study give valuable information, which can be used to characterize wakes of micro air vehicles, helicopter's rotor blades, and wind turbine blades. In addition to this, present findings can be used to predict dynamic stall of the above applications.Originality/valueThe paper is the first to investigate the unsteady wake of Eppler‐361 airfoil and to predict the dynamic stall phenomenon of this airfoil.
Models, definitions, and outcome variables of action learning
Authors: Chenhall Everon C. , Chermack Thomas J. 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose an integrated model of action learning based on an examination of four reviewed action learning models, definitions, and espoused outcomes.Design/methodology/approachA clear articulation of the strengths and limitations of each model was essential to developing an integrated model, which could be applied to Lynham's general method of theory‐building research in applied disciplines. The paper examined common themes according to the model structure, methods, and methodologies. The four models selected for this review were Gregory's Group Action Learning Process Model, Paton's Systemic Action Learning Cycle, Paton's Systemic Action Learning Spiral, and Watkins and Marsick's Continuous Learning Model.FindingsA comparison of the key variations in the definitions of action learning and desired outcomes explained differences in model designs. HRD practitioners need a better understanding of the variables that affect the outcomes of action learning through exploring learning transfer issues and through testing multiple methodologies. Similarly, the integrated model was designed to indicate how change takes place within an organization, dictated by either internal or external factors. A description of the construction of the integrated model is provided.Research limitations/implicationsOwing to the disconnect between the conceptual development and application phases of theory‐building research, more empirical evidence is needed to support the connection between action learning models and methodologies and desired outcomes. The integrated model was designed from a systems perspective with particular emphasis on soft systems in the problem and analysis phases to illustrate the role of organizational modeling of the relationships among members, processes, and the internal and external environment. HRD practitioners could re‐examine their decision making, particularly in approaching large‐scale change. HRD practitioners could document their specific approaches to action learning, including a combination of action research methods and soft systems methodologies. A comparison of outcomes versus the methodologies could be made.Originality/valueThe objective of the integrated action learning model is to improve decision making related to facilitating change from an HRD perspective, given the theories and principles underlying each model. The integrated model could serve as the basis for gaining new knowledge about critical systems theory and action research as it relates to action learning and change facilitation. It is the paper's intent that the proposed integrated model will spur further theory‐building research in employing action learning as an organizational change intervention.
Using Google Wave and Docs for group collaboration
Authors: Riley‐Huff Debra A. 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to discuss how to use Google Wave and Docs as a group collaboration tool. Group and team projects can be stressful, particularly when distance and deadlines are part of the scenario. Using Google Wave and Docs can help everyone maintain access to the project anywhere and anytime. This paper also seeks to describe and suggest ways to use Google tools to keep documents organized and communications flowing well. It also aims to discuss using Google tools as part of project management.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses a series of cases studies in which the author has been directly involved. The case studies are accompanied by tips.FindingsThe paper reveals that the use of Google Wave and Docs for group collaboration can be very successful.Practical implicationsCollaboration teams can possibly save time and energy with Google tools.Originality/valueMany groups are interested in how they can actually use Google Wave to collaborate. The paper includes case studies to illuminate some possibilities.
Strategic resource or ideal source? Discourse, organizational change and CSR
Authors: Kemp Deanna , Keenan Julia , Gronow Jane 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how discourse used as a strategic resource can facilitate change in gender and corporate social responsibility (CSR) policy and practice in a global mining company.Design/methodology/approachAn existing model of discourse and organizational change was applied to illuminate the contours of a particular organizational change process. This paper draws on empirical data in the form of talk and text in oral and written form.FindingsThe research highlights the challenge of finding the right balance between organizational receptivity and resistance, so that discursive boundaries around gender and CSR can be contested and challenged, but where new concepts and subjectivities are not rejected before they have an opportunity to generate shared meaning within the organization. Findings confirm that the involvement of a range of company personnel, particularly from the operational level, is important for generating knowledge and shared meaning, which can lead to enactment. This aligns with observations made in this journal that the management of meaning as opposed to management of change provides a useful analytical and practical focus.Originality/valueThe paper analyses one of the first attempts by a global mining company to articulate a change agenda for gender and community relations within a CSR framework. Unique insights into the internal world of a global mining company and CSR change processes are provided. The paper utilizes a well‐articulated model that facilitates a discursive analysis of organizational change to advance knowledge and understanding.