bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Language-guided Object Classification Via Neuromorphic Vision
Authors: Huang Xiaoqian , Sajwani Hussain , Hay Oussama Abdul , Zweiri Yahya 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Through training on large-scale image-text pairs, vision-language models (VLMs) have gained the ability to align visual information with semantic understanding using natural language, thus leading to better performance on downstream tasks on unseen data. Due to a lack of large-scale neuromorphic vision datasets that also include natural language, training with large-scale datasets to achieve generalized understanding is not feasible. Therefore, this work introduces a neuromorphic adapter neural network that leverages CLIP-based semantic understanding with neuromorphic-inspired feature extraction, thereby enhancing the robustness and efficiency of object classification in real-world scenarios. Specifically, by incorporating the temporal information of neuromorphic vision and the multimodal strengths of CLIP, our approach excels in few-shot learning, effectively extending comprehension across object classification tasks. We evaluate our approach on three public datasets: N-Cars, N-Caltech, and N-ImageNet, yielding encouraging classification accuracy after few-shot learning compared to the state-of-the-art models. Moreover, compared to zero-shot inference, our approach achieves +9.92%, +33.65%, and +42.63% improvements under 1-shot, 15-shot, and 20-shot settings in classification accuracy, respectively. Consequently, it demonstrates the effectiveness of adapting pre-trained language-vision models for event data, enabling effective learning and inference even with limited annotated data.
Hybrid Robotic System (Robo - HEX) for Robot-Assisted Pilon Fracture Reduction
Authors: Aubakirova Sabina , Zhanaspayev Marat , Azamatov Bagdat , Muzdybayev Murat , Tlemissov Aidos , Dmitriev Nikolay , Mussabekov Arman , Prokazyuk Alexander 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Intra-articular fractures of the distal tibia are complex with a high risk of complications before and after surgical treatment. Tibial pilon fractures are rare but present a serious challenge for orthopedic surgeons. There is still no universally accepted treatment protocol for pilon fracture. In traditional, the reduction of fractures has some drawbacks such as the risk of infection, low accuracy, and high radiation for surgeons. Particularly complex intra-articular fractures require a lot of force. To solve such problems, a detachable hybrid robotic system has been developed that combines a detachable parallel mechanism with a drive mode. This article describes the mechanism in detail, analyses the method of fracture reduction, presents the surgical manipulation, and verifies the reduction by experiments with bone models. The article presents the results of research to solve problems of pilon fracture management.
Factors associated with Violence against Homeless People: cross-sectional study in Sorocaba/2023
Authors: Gianini Reinaldo José , Martuscelli-Neto Abel Efraim , Villena Kathleen Vilarim 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The problem of homelessness (PSR) has been the subject of discussion in various spheres of public policy given its complexity and the need for intervention from different sectors. Analyze the factors associated with the types and perpetrators of violence against PSR, with special attention to drug use, social and demographic variables, variables related to homelessness and to health is very important. This research refers to the PSR present in the Municipality of Sorocaba.The interviews were carried out from August 2022 to July 2023, in places known to be frequented by PSR. This is a cross-sectional study, with 84 individuals. Data collection took place through interviews using a standardized questionnaire. This project was submitted and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Sorocaba. The results of the present study show high rates of drug use in PSR, with crack users presenting a more critical profile: irregular eating habits, history of arrest, history of psychiatric hospitalization, reports of various mental health problems, and non-adherence to prevention measures. The prevalence of reported morbidity and psychiatric hospitalizations are relevant in the sample. Victimization due to physical violence, which is predominantly carried out by the police and mainly involves cocaine and crack users, is another aspect that deserves attention. The results showed that drug use is the main factor complicating access to health in PSR, being the main reason for loss of housing, with family conflicts predominating as responsible for the homeless situation of the individuals in the research.
Defluorinative Functionalization Approach led by Difluoromethyl Anion Chemistry
Authors: Nagaki Aiichiro , Muta Kensuke , Okamoto Kazuhiro , Nakayama Hiroki , Wada Shuto 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Organofluorine compounds have greatly benefited the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and materials sectors. However, they are plagued by concerns associated with PFAS. Additionally, the widespread use of the trifluoromethyl group is facing imminent regulatory scrutiny. Defluorinative functionalization, which converts the trifluoromethyl to the difluoromethyl motifs, represents the most efficient synthetic strategy. However, general methods for robust C(sp3)–F bond transformations remain elusive due to challenges in selectivity and functional group tolerance. Here, we present a method for C(sp3)–F bond defluorinative functionalization of the trifluoromethyl group via difluoromethyl anion in flow. This new approach tames the reactive difluoromethyl anion, enabling diverse functional group transformations. Our methodology offers a versatile platform for drug and agrochemical discovery, overcoming the limitations associated with fluorinated motifs.
Physical and unphysical regimes of self-consistent many-body perturbation theory
Authors: Van Houcke Kris , Kozik Evgeny , Rossi Riccardo , Deng Youjin , Werner Félix 
Published: May 2024

In the standard framework of self-consistent many-body perturbation theory, the skeleton series for the self-energy is truncated at a finite order N and plugged into the Dyson equation, which is then solved for the propagator G_NGN. We consider two examples of fermionic models, the Hubbard atom at half filling and its zero space-time dimensional simplified version. First, we show that G_NGN converges when N\to∞N→∞ to a limit G_∞\,G∞, which coincides with the exact physical propagator G_{exact}Gexact at small enough coupling, while G_∞ ≠ G_{exact}G∞≠Gexact at strong coupling. This follows from the findings of [Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 156402 (2015)] and an additional subtle mathematical mechanism elucidated here. Second, we demonstrate that it is possible to discriminate between the G_∞=G_{exact}G∞=Gexact and G_∞≠G_{exact}G∞≠Gexact regimes thanks to a criterion which does not require the knowledge of G_{exact}Gexact, as proposed in [Phys. Rev. B 93, 161102 (2016)].
Assessing the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on water quality in Anzali Wetland, Iran, using remote sensing data
Authors: Goodarzi Mohammad Reza , Niknam Amir Reza R. , Sabaghzadeh Maryam , Mokhtari Mohammad Hossein , Niazkar Majid 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

This study investigates temporal variations of two water quality indices, named turbidity and Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), from 2016 to 2021 in the Anzali wetland. For this purpose, ground-based measurements were collected at four stations from 2016 to 2019, while Sentinel-2 images were utilized to predict Chl-a and turbidity from 2016 to 2021. To validate the forecasted results, remote sensing data for Chl-a and turbidity were compared to measurements. After the validation step, Chl-a and turbidity were predicted using remotely-sensed data for the first and fourth peaks of the COVID-19 pandemic, which coincide with the COVID-19 lockdowns in 2020 and 2021 in Iran, respectively. The results indicate 26% and 16% decreases in Chl-a and turbidity in the COVID-19 lockdown imposed in 2020, while it yielded to 1% decrease in turbidity and 21% increase in the Chl-a concentration in the COVID-19 lockdown applied in 2021, compared to the corresponding mean values measured from 2016 to 2019. In conclusion, the lockdown imposed in 2020, which turned out to be a much more restricted quarantine than the one applied in 2021, was found to be one of the primary reasons behind improving water quality indices of Anzali wetland in March and April of 2020.
Treatment of nitrogenous wastewater by constructed wetland coupled microbial fuel cell system: a review
Authors: Xinxin Yu , Yucui Shi , Shaohong You , Gang Tang 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

As global industrialization accelerates, the treatment of nitrogenous wastewater has become a pressing environmental challenge. In response to this challenge, this study explores the potential of constructed wetland coupled microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC) technology for the treatment of nitrogenous wastewater. It systematically presents the fundamental principles and characteristics of the CW-MFC, analyzing the metabolic processes and denitrification mechanisms of nitrogen pollutants within the system. This research not only summarizes the key factors that influence the denitrification performance of the CW-MFC system but also discusses its future development trends and potential applications. The objective is to refine the field of nitrogenous wastewater treatment using CW-MFC, enhancing the denitrification efficiency, and to provide a foundation for further advancing the practical application and scientific research of this technology.
Evaluation of spring flows using recession flow analysis techniques
Authors: Kale R. V. , Dwivedi Anuj Kumar , Ojha C. S. P. , Shukla Rituraj 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

This study delves into the analysis of recession characteristics of spring base flow, focusing on the Hill campus spring (elevation of approximately 2,150 m) and Fakua spring (elevation of approximately 1,850 m) in the Tehri Garhwal district of Uttarakhand, India. Spanning from January 1999 to December 2004, discharge data from G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology's Hill campus are employed. The research employs an automated, objective-based method to generate master recession curves (MRCs) and categorize them into early, intermittent, and late recession segments. Statistical parameters and low-flow indices from flow duration curves (FDCs) are utilized for flow assessment, while base flow indices (BFIs) are analyzed using the Web-based Hydrograph Analysis Tool (WHAT). The findings highlight the importance of water storage strategies during the rainy season for the sustainable utilization of spring water. The study suggests that the techniques applied are equally applicable for analyzing river flow recession characteristics, emphasizing the broader implications for integrated water resources planning and management in mountainous regions.
Novel design of composite broad-crested weir for determining open-channel emissions
Authors: Kulkarni Ketaki H. , Hinge Ganesh 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

The current study deals with a composite broad-crested weir which is specially designed with the unique idea for a ‘constant discharge coefficient (Cd) of 0.6’. It is investigated experimentally and numerically. The available designs of the weir are unable to give constant Cd over a wide range of discharge as ‘Cd’ itself is relative to the head over the weir crest. Therefore an attempt is made to restrict Cd value to 0.6 irrespective of the variable head on the weir crest. This is achieved by adjusting the widths of the weir. With the novel objective, Cd is frozen to constant value and instead of it, ‘b’ is allowed to vary. The weir so designed is capable of producing constant Cd over a wide range of discharge and hence will be helpful from the viewpoint of field applications. Under existing laboratory conditions, the research reports for emissions varying from 20 to 100% of the design discharge. The numerical performance of the CBC weir through FLOW 3D is experimentally validated to examine the crest width effect and head over weir crest. In the experiments, Cd is found to vary proportionally with discharge from 0.518 to 0.648. The R-value is 0.999, with a mean error in discharge measurement being much less.
Optimizing the Antimicrobial Effects by using Natural Compounds in COVID-19 Management
Authors: Gasmi Amin , Gasmi Benahmed Asma , Dadar Maryam , Mujawdiya Pavan , Bjørklund Geir 
Published: May 2024

Abstract:
COVID-19 has emerged as the most significant global health issue of our
time. The causative agent, SARS-CoV-2, causes extensive damage to the lower respiratory
tract in susceptible populations, leading to lung damage and death. COVID-19-infected
patients are also prone to respiratory pathogens such as Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and E. coli. In some cases,
these respiratory pathogens are multidrug-resistant and cause life-threatening infections
in patients. Since the existing antibiotics are ineffective against these antibiotic-resistant
bacteria, urgent attention is required to develop new and effective therapeutic agents to
combat antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Alternatively, novel therapeutic strategies can
be explored to enhance the antimicrobial effects of the existing antimicrobial agents,
such as antibiotics. Adding natural compounds with existing antimicrobial agents to increase
their antimicrobial activity is one of the most suitable and promising options to
combat the rising threat of both COVID-19 and antimicrobial resistance. Natural compounds
are generally considered safe and may even reduce the side effects of drugs and
medicines. In light of such advantages, the current review summarized some of the
studies that have combined natural compounds with antibiotics and antiviral to increase
the antimicrobial potential of these drugs. This study can help researchers compare and
understand already existing data to design new studies to develop antimicrobial agents
against COVID-19.
A Complex Interplay between Nutrition and Alcohol use Disorder:
Implications for Breaking the Vicious Cycle
Authors: White Brooke , Sirohi Sunil 
Published: May 2024

:
Approximately 16.5% of the United States population met the diagnostic criteria for substance use
disorder (SUD) in 2021, including 29.5 million individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Individuals with
AUD are at increased risk for malnutrition, and impairments in nutritional status in chronic alcohol users can
be detrimental to physical and emotional well-being. Furthermore, these nutritional deficiencies could contribute
to the never-ending cycle of alcoholism and related pathologies, thereby jeopardizing the prospects of
recovery and treatment outcomes. Improving nutritional status in AUD patients may not only compensate for
general malnutrition but could also reduce adverse symptoms during recovery, thereby promoting abstinence
and successful treatment of AUD. In this review, we briefly summarize alterations in the nutritional status of
people with addictive disorders, in addition to the underlying neurobiological mechanisms and clinical implications
regarding the role of nutritional intervention in recovery from alcohol use disorder.
Inhibition of Glycyrrhiza Polysaccharide on Human Cytochrome P450 46A1 in vitro and in vivo: Implications in Treating Neurological Diseases
Authors: Du Jie , Chen Zujia , Chen Xiaodong , Zhang Jiahui , Wang Yaojun , Zhao Tingting , Wang Dalong , Wang Changyuan , Chen Yanwei , Meng Qiang , Sun Huijun , Liu Kexin , Wu Jingjing 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 46A1, also known as cholesterol 24S-hydroxylase, is essential
for maintaining the homeostasis of cholesterol in the brain and serves as a therapeutic target of neurodegenerative
disorders and excitatory neurotoxicity. N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is a prototypical receptor
for the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate and can be specifically regulated by 24S-hydroxycholesterol
(24S-HC). Glycyrrhiza is one of the most widely used herbs with broad clinical applications, which has
several pharmacological activities, such as clearing heat and detoxifying, moistening the lung and relieving
cough, analgesic, neuroprotective outcomes, and regulating a variety of drug activities. Glycyrrhiza is a commonly
used herb for the treatment of epileptic encephalopathy. However, whether glycyrrhiza can interfere
with the activity of CYP46A1 remains unknown.

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the regulating effects of glycyrrhiza polysaccharides (GP) on
CYP46A1-mediated cholesterol conversion, as well as in the modulation of related proteins.

Materials and Methods:
The effects of glycyrrhiza polysaccharide (GP) on the activity of CYP46A1 were investigated
in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the potential regulatory effects of GP on the expressions of
CYP46A1, HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR), and NMDAR were also detected.

Results:
The in vitro results demonstrated that glycyrrhiza polysaccharide (GP), as the main water-soluble active
component of glycyrrhiza, remarkably inhibited the activity of CYP46A1 in a non-competitive mode with
a Ki value of 0.7003 mg/ml. Furthermore, the in vivo experiments verified that GP markedly decreased the contents
of 24S-HC in rat plasma and brain tissues as compared to the control. More importantly, the protein expressions
of CYP46A1, GluN2A, GluN2B, and HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) in rat brains were all downregulated,
whereas the mRNA expressions of CYP46A1 and HMGCR were not significantly changed after
treatment with GP.

Conclusion:
GP exhibits a significant inhibitory effect on CYP46A1 activity in vitro and in vivo, and the protein
expressions of CYP46A1, HMGCR, and NMDAR are also inhibited by GP, which are of considerable
clinical significance for GP's potential therapeutic role in treating neurological diseases.
Antiviral Activity of Kappaphycus alvarezii Seaweed against ZIKV
Authors: de S. Barros Caroline , Cirne-Santos Claudio C. , Esteves Priscilla O. , Gomes Max W. L. , Rabelo Vítor W. , Santos Thamyres M. , Teixeira Valéria L. , de P. Paixão Izabel C.N. 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus transmitted through the bites of infected
Aedes mosquitoes. These viruses can also be transmitted through sexual contact, vertical transmission,
and possibly transfusion. Most cases are asymptomatic, but symptoms can include rash, conjunctivitis,
fever, and arthralgia, which are characteristic of other arboviruses. Zika infection can
lead to complications such as microcephaly, miscarriage, brain abnormalities, and Guillain-Barré
syndrome (GBS).

Objective:
The aim is to determine the inhibitory potential of the algae Kappaphycus alvarezii (K.
alvarezii) on ZIKV replication.

Methodology:
Cytotoxicity experiments were performed using Vero cells to determine the CC50,
and ZIKV replication inhibition assays (ATCC® VR-1839™) were conducted to determine the
EC50. The mechanism of action was also studied to assess any synergistic effect with Ribavirin.

Results:
K. alvarezii demonstrated low toxicity with a CC50 of 423 μg/mL and a potent effect on
ZIKV replication with an EC50 of 0.65 μg/mL and a Selectivity Index (SI) of 651, indicating the
extract's safety. Virucidal effect assays were carried out to evaluate the possible mechanism of action,
and the compound addition time was studied, showing the potential to delay the treatment of
infected cells by up to 6 hours. A potential synergistic effect was observed when K. alvarezii extract
was combined with suboptimal concentrations of Ribavirin, resulting in 99% inhibition of viral
replication.

Conclusion:
Our data demonstrate the significant potential of K. alvarezii extract and highlight
the need for further studies to investigate its mechanism of action. We propose this extract as a potential
anti-Zika compound.
Evaluating the Relationship between Various Risk Factors and COVID-19
Incidence in People Living with HIV: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Harandi Hamid , Mehraeen Esmaeil , Yarmohammadi Soudabeh , Rasoulinejad Mehrnaz , Rasheed Muhammad Ali , Parmoon Zohal , Manshadi Seyed Ali Dehghan , SeyedAlinaghi SeyedAhmad , Afroughi Fatemeh , Dadras Omid 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
People living with HIV (PLWH) are more susceptible to acquiring and
having serious consequences from COVID-19. The objective of this study was to examine the correlation
between COVID-19 infection and other risk factors in these patients.

Methods:
This is a descriptive-analytical study recruiting 160 PLWH referred to the Behavioral
Disease Counselling Centre of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran in 2021. The patients were selected
through convenient sampling. A checklist was used to collect the necessary data. Descriptive
statistical tests, such as mean and standard deviation, were employed alongside inferential
statistics, including chi-square, Fisher, independent t-tests, and logistic regression, all evaluated at
a significance level of p<0.05 using the R software.

Results:
The patients' average age was 43.15 ± 11.23. Forty-four women and 116 men were present.
A notable association was observed between the incidence of COVID-19 and variables such
as hepatitis C and the duration of time since HIV diagnosis (p<0.001). Moreover, a strong correlation
was found between the amount of COVID-19 vaccination doses given to patients and their
probability of acquiring the disease. The first vaccination dose was linked to a 5.45 percent increase
in COVID-19 incidence in patients, whereas the second and third doses (t=2.95, t=7.57) reduced
the risk of getting COVID-19. Furthermore, no discernible link (p>0.05) was found between
the use of various antiretroviral medications and COVID-19 infection.

Conclusion:
This study finds that vaccine type doesn't impact COVID-19 outcomes in HIV-positive
patients, but receiving more doses decreases the probability of occurrence of COVID-19, advocating
for multiple vaccinations. However, PLWH, especially those non-compliant with antiretrovirals,
need strict adherence to health protocols due to heightened vulnerability to viral illnesses.
Deciphering Diabetic Foot Wounds: A Comprehensive Review on Classification, Multidrug Resistance, Microbial Insights, Management & Treatment Strategies, and Advanced Diagnostic Tools
Authors: Silvia N. Susan , Velrajan Mahalakshmi 
Published: May 2024

:
Diabetic foot wounds and infections pose a significant and evolving challenge in diabetes
care. Diabetic wound healing has become a major global concern for a very long time.
Continuous research has been conducted to increase the healing process in diabetic ulcers to the
rate of amputation. Wound healing is prolonged in diabetic patients due to various conditions,
such as high glucose levels, neuropathy, poor blood circulation, and prolonged inflammation
around the limbs, which causes the healing to be delayed compared to normal patients. Understanding
the complexity of chronic foot wounds and the management and proper treatment
would lead to a decrease in the risk of amputation. The medical team all over the world is constantly
researching to lower the risk.

:
This review paper offers a compelling journey through the multifaceted world of diabetic foot
wounds and infections. It underscores the urgency of understanding classification, tackling multidrug
resistance, and harnessing microbial insights to revolutionize the treatment and management
of diabetic foot complications. Furthermore, it unveils state-of-the-art diagnostics, heralding
a brighter future in the battle against this debilitating complication of diabetes.