bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green®: Photochemical Behavior in Solution and in a Mammalian Cell
Authors: Gollmer Anita , Arnbjerg Jacob , Blaikie Frances H. , Pedersen Brian Wett , Breitenbach Thomas , Daasbjerg Kim , Glasius Marianne , Ogilby Peter R. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe development of efficient and selective luminescent probes for reactive oxygen species, particularly for singlet molecular oxygen, is currently of great importance. In this study, the photochemical behavior of Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green® (SOSG), a commercially available fluorescent probe for singlet oxygen, was examined. Despite published claims to the contrary, the data presented herein indicate that SOSG can, in fact, be incorporated into a living mammalian cell. However, for a number of reasons, caution must be exercised when using SOSG. First, it is shown that the immediate product of the reaction between SOSG and singlet oxygen is, itself, an efficient singlet oxygen photosensitizer. Second, SOSG appears to efficiently bind to proteins which, in turn, can influence uptake by a cell as well as behavior in the cell. As such, incorrect use of SOSG can yield misleading data on yields of photosensitized singlet oxygen production, and can also lead to photooxygenation‐dependent adverse effects in the system being investigated.
The Cochrane Collaboration: International activity within Cochrane Review Groups in the first decade of the twenty‐first century
Authors: Allen Claire , Richmond Kiley 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe Cochrane Collaboration (http://www.cochrane.org) is the world's largest organisation dedicated to preparing, maintaining and promoting the accessibility of systematic reviews of the effects of healthcare interventions. It is an international organisation with participants in more than 100 countries, principally focused around the Cochrane Review Groups that are responsible for the preparation and maintenance of Cochrane reviews. Since 2000, a periodic audit has been done to count the number of active members in the Cochrane Review Groups, subdivided by the countries in which these people are based. At the beginning of 2010, there were almost 28,000 people involved, an increase from about 5500 in 2000. The growth of activity has been dramatic, and especially large for authors of Cochrane reviews and protocols. In the year 2000, 2840 people were listed as authors by the Cochrane Review Groups. At the beginning of 2010, this had risen to over 21,000 people.
Diagnosis and treatment of excessive lateral pressure syndrome of the patellofemoral joint caused by military training
Authors: Zhang De‐hui , Wu Zheng‐qing , Zuo Xin‐cheng , Li Jian‐wei , Huang Chang‐lin 
Published: January 2011

Objective:  To investigate the diagnosis and surgical treatment of excessive lateral pressure syndrome of the patellofemoral joint caused by military training.Methods:  Fifteen patients (patient group) and 18 healthy volunteers (control group) were involved in this retrospective study. Radiographs of the knee joints of all patients and volunteers were taken. The bone architecture was assessed, the trochlear angle, coincidence angle and patellofemoral joint index measured in both groups, and the resulting data compared. All 15 patients (17 knees) were treated by lateral collateral retinaculum release. Pre‐ and post‐operative pain was evaluated with a visual analog scale (VAS).Results:  The differences between the two groups in coincidence angle (patient group: 7.67°± 5.81°; control group: −2.2°±−2.71°) and patellofemoral joint index (patient group: 2.49 ± 1.40; control group: 1.25 ± 0.15) were statistically significant. Subchondral bone sclerosis and osteophytosis in the patellofemoral joint were more pronounced in the patient group than in the control group. The VAS was higher preoperatively (7.06 ± 0.85) than postoperatively (6 months postoperatively: 3.87 ± 0.24; 1 year postoperatively: 3.01 ± 0.17), and the differences between preoperative and postoperative were statistically significant.Conclusions:  Apart from the case history, typical symptoms and physical signs, X‐ray examination is the most basic way to diagnose excessive lateral pressure syndrome of the patellofemoral joint, and the patellofemoral joint index is the most reliable for diagnosis. Lateral collateral retinaculum release with a small‐incision is an effective treatment for this disease.
The use of bone morphogenetic protein 7 in fracture non‐unions
Authors: O'hEireamhoin Sven , Quinlan John F , Rourke Kieran O 
Published: January 2011

Objective:  To assess the rate of clinical and radiological union with the use of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP‐7) in a range of fractures.Methods:  This case series retrospectively reviews a series of 16 fracture non‐unions in 13 patients. These patients were treated with the commercially available BMP‐7. Time to radiological and clinical union was assessed by serial out‐patient follow‐up.Results:  At nine months post‐surgery in which BMP‐7 was added, 12 of 16 non‐unions had achieved clinical and radiographic union. Three patients required repeat grafting. The mean time to union was 5.1 ± 1.6 months after the application of BMP‐7.Conclusion:  The use of the osteo‐inductive agent, BMP‐7 results in good clinical and radiological outcomes which are not restricted to tibial non‐unions.
Early and middle term results after surgical treatment for slipped capital femoral epiphysis
Authors: Sun Wei , Li Zi‐rong , Shi Zhen‐cai , Yang Yu‐run , Wang Bai‐liang , Guo Wan‐shou , Liu Zhao‐hui 
Published: January 2011

Objective:  To evaluate the early and middle‐term results of in situ single screw fixation and subtrochanteric osteotomy of the femur with external fixator for slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE).Methods:  From June 1998 to July 2008, 11 patients (seven male [eight hips] and four female [four hips]) of average age 14.3 years (range, 9–18 years) were treated in our hospital. According to the Southwick measurement, seven hips were mildly affected (<30°), two moderately (30–50°), and three severely (>50°). The average body mass index (BMI) was 31.1 g/m2 (range, 27–35 g/m2). All the mild and moderate cases underwent in situ single screw fixation, and the three severe cases subtrochanteric osteotomy of femur with external fixator. All cases were evaluated both clinically and radiographically at 3 months, 6 months and every year postoperatively.Results:  All cases were followed up for 2–12 years (average 5.6 years). The Harris hip score increased from a mean of 74.8 (70 ∼ 85) points preoperatively to 90.6 (70 ∼ 100) points postoperatively. X‐ray films showed epiphyseal closure in the in situ single screw fixation cases, and no further increase in epiphyseal‐shaft angle. Partial reduction of slipped epiphysis with normal joint spaces was observed after subtrochanteric osteotomy of the femur in the external fixator cases.Conclusion:  In situ single screw fixation for treating mild and moderate SCFE has a satisfactory clinical outcome, and the advantage of prevention of further slippage. Subtrochanteric osteotomy of the femur with external fixator is suitable for severe SCFE with late deformity; the realignment procedure can correct deformity and postpone or prevent subsequent osteoarthritis.
Clinical diagnosis and arthroscopic treatment of acetabular labral tears
Authors: Wang Wei‐guo , Yue De‐bo , Zhang Nian‐fei , Hong Wen , Li Zi‐rong 
Published: January 2011

Objective:  To investigate the clinical diagnosis and arthroscopic treatment of acetabular labral tears.Methods:  Twenty‐one patients with unilateral acetabular labral tears hospitalized from November 2008 to December 2009 were included in this retrospective study. A definitive diagnosis was made preoperatively on the basis of physical examination, plain radiography and magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA). All cases were treated with arthroscopic surgeries: labral debridement (14 cases), labral debridement plus femoral osteoplasty (5 cases), and labral repair plus osteoplasty (2 cases). All patients were followed‐up and the results evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and Harris hip score.Results:  A positive flexion, abduction and internal rotation (FADIR) impingement sign was found in all 21 affected hips, a positive flexion, abduction and external rotation (FABER) impingement sign in 15, and a positive McCarthy test in 9. Plain radiography showed 11 cases had cam type impingement, in 6 of whom it was combined with pincer type impingement; and 2 cases had acetabular retroversion alone. Labral tears were observed on MRA in all cases and were all confirmed by arthroscopy. All patients were followed up for an average of 11.6 months (range, 6 to 19 months). The VAS decreased from (5.3 ± 1.3) preoperatively to (1.4 ± 0.9) 6 months postoperatively. The mean Harris hip score improved from (63 ± 9) preoperatively to (84 ± 10) 6 months postoperatively. All these differences were statistically significant.Conclusions:  Acetabular labral injury is closely correlated with femoro‐acetabular impingement. Impingement tests and MRA have high sensitivity and accuracy in clinical diagnosis of labral tears. Arthroscopic debridement, repair and osteoplasty for labral tears results in a good early outcome.
Radical resection of pleuropulmonary blastoma
Authors: Bhat Mohammad Akbar , Shah Shabir Hussain 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a rare intrathoracic neoplasm of early childhood that occurs in the lung or visceral pleura. We present a case of a 5‐year‐old boy with a cough, left‐sided chest pain and progressive dyspnea on exertion. The patient had had an operation for a congenital lung cyst of the left lower lobe, six months prior to the present admission. A CT showed a heterogeneously enhancing mass lesion filling the left hemithorax. CT‐guided fine needle aspiration cytology of the mass was inconclusive. En bloc resection of the mass along with left lower lobe, the involved ribs and left diaphragm was performed. The diaphragmatic defect was repaired using prolene mesh. Histopathology of the resected specimen showed solid and cystic areas consistent with type II PPB. The patient received adjuvent chemotherapy and was doing well 23 months after surgery. Radical resection of the tumor followed by adjuvent chemotherapy provides the only hope of salvaging cases of type II or type III PPB.
Simple formula to predict response to peginterferon alpha2b and ribavirin combination therapy in genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C patients with high viral loads
Authors: Itoh Yoshito , Nishimura Takeshi , Hashimoto Hiroaki , Yamaguchi Kanji , Niimi Toshihisa , Yokomizo Chihiro , Fujii Hideki , Minami Masahito , Yasui Kohichiroh , Mitsuyoshi Hironori , Okanoue Takeshi , Takehara Tetsuo , Hiasa Yoichi , Onji Morikazu , Yoshikawa Toshikazu 
Published: January 2011

Aim:  We advocate a simple formula which can conveniently predict the outcome of Peg‐interferon (IFN) alpha2b and ribavirin (RBV) combination therapy for genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C (CH‐C) with high viral load.Methods:  A total of 338 (group A: 230, Group B: 108) genotype 1 CH‐C patients treated with Peg‐IFN alfa‐2b and RBV were enrolled. Clinical parameters differing significantly between sustained virological responders (SVRs) and non‐SVRs in group A were categorized, then a simple formula to predict SVR was constructed and re‐evaluated in group B. Another formula containing hepatitis C virus amino acid mutations/substitutions also was constructed.Results:  In group A, gender and HCV RNA load <1000 KIU were significant predictors of SVR by multivariate logistic regression analysis. A simple formula was constructed (formula A): male gender (point 2) + HCV RNA load <1000 KIU (3) + platelet counts ≥15 × 104 /mm3 (1) + age <60 (1). In group A, score (0–1) predicted SVR rate 23.8% (2–4): 48.1% and (5–7): 70.2%. According to this formula, score (0–1) predicted SVR rate 7.1% (2–4): 38.6%, and (5–7): 70.3% in group B. Information on HCV amino acid mutations/substitutions seemed to add some accuracy.Conclusions:  This simple formula can be used to roughly determine, at the patients' first/second visit, the probability of response to Peg‐IFN alpha2b and RBV combination therapy for genotype 1 CH‐C with high viral load.
Classification and characteristics of interferon‐related diabetes mellitus in Japan
Authors: Muraishi Kazuhisa , Sasaki Yuko , Kato Tomoko , Inada Chizuko , Tajiri Yuji , Yamada Kentaro 
Published: January 2011

Aim:  The aim of this study was to assess the classification and clinical characteristics of interferon (IFN)‐related diabetes.Methods:  Cases with IFN‐related diabetes in Japan were retrieved through web search engines for medical literature until July in 2009, and unreported data were obtained from the authors by letter or e‐mail.Results:  We collected 143 cases with IFN‐related diabetes consisting of 104 type 1 diabetes including 4 own cases, and 39 non‐autoimmune type 2‐like diabetes. We found a marked increase in IFN‐related type 1 diabetes for these 3 years. In contrast, no increase was observed in IFN‐related type 2‐like diabetes in the literature. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐IFN and ribavirin had been more frequently used in patients with type 1 diabetes than in patients with type 2‐like diabetes. The age of diabetes onset was comparable between type 1 and type 2‐like diabetes, while the ratio of male patients was higher and the latency before diabetes was shorter in type 2‐like diabetes. Patients with IFN‐related type 1 diabetes had HLA types susceptible to Japanese type 1 diabetic patients, and a high positive rate of GAD antibodies.Conclusion:  Potent combination therapy with PEG‐IFN and ribavirin is likely associated with the increase in IFN‐related type 1 diabetes. The combined measurement of GAD antibody and HLA‐typing could be an effective strategy to predict the onset of type 1 diabetes associated with IFN therapy.
Screening for oral cancer: contributing to the debate
Authors: Warnakulasuriya Saman , Cain Nathalie 
Published: January 2011

AbstractScreening, or “case detection”, is controversial and central to much debate in the world of medicine. In the present study, we evaluate oral cancer screening against the National (UK) Screening Committee criteria in the context of the most recent research in this field. Oral cancer is a complex, debilitating disease that is increasing in incidence in the UK and in most parts of Western Europe. It has multifactorial etiology, and these major risk factors are well researched, allowing definition of an “at‐risk” population. However, our understanding of its natural history of progression from potentially malignant disorders to malignancy is limited; the field lacks high‐quality, randomized, controlled trials, bar one published study. Evidence is also available to suggest that visual screening by sufficiently trained examiners results in earlier detection (down staging) of the disease, which lends itself towards more successful treatment. Sensitive screening tools to aid and confirm findings following a visual inspection are yet to be developed. Nevertheless, new tests continue to arise based on knowledge gleaned from research into the biomarkers. This review discusses the evidence based around the oral cancer screening debate and highlights areas in which more research is required before the advent of a successful and effective screening program.
Serum Neopterin Levels as a Diagnostic Marker of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Syndrome
Authors: Ibarra Maria F. , Klein-Gitelman Marisa , Morgan Elaine , Proytcheva Maria , Sullivan Christine , Morgan Gabrielle , Pachman Lauren M. , O'Gorman Maurice R. G. 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the utility of serum neopterin as a diagnostic marker of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). The medical records of patients diagnosed with HLH (familial and secondary) between January 2000 and May 2009 were reviewed retrospectively, and clinical and laboratory information related to HLH criteria, in addition to neopterin levels, was recorded. A group of 50 patients with active juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) (who routinely have neopterin levels assessed) served as controls for the assessment of the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of neopterin as a diagnostic test for HLH. The Pearson correlation was used to measure the association between serum neopterin levels and established HLH-related laboratory data. Serum neopterin levels were measured using a competitive enzyme immunoassay. During the time frame of the study, 3 patients with familial HLH and 18 patients with secondary HLH were identified as having had serum neopterin measured (all HLH patients were grouped together). The mean neopterin levels were 84.9 nmol/liter (standard deviation [SD], 83.4 nmol/liter) for patients with HLH and 21.5 nmol/liter (SD, 10.13 nmol/liter) for patients with JDM. A cutoff value of 38.9 nmol/liter was 70% sensitive and 95% specific for HLH. For HLH patients, neopterin levels correlated significantly with ferritin levels (r= 0.76,P= 0.0007). In comparison to the level in a control group of JDM patients, elevated serum neopterin was a sensitive and specific marker for HLH. Serum neopterin has value as a diagnostic marker of HLH, and prospective studies are under way to further evaluate its role as a marker for early diagnosis and management of patients.
Elevated Serum Levels of CCL17 Correlate with Increased Peripheral Blood Platelet Count in Patients with Active Tuberculosis in China
Authors: Feng Yonghong , Yin Hongyun , Mai Guangliang , Mao Ling , Yue Jun , Xiao Heping , Hu Zhongyi 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTThe serum levels of Th2 markers, including CCL17 (thymus and activation-regulated chemokine [TARC]), CCL22 (macrophage-derived chemokine [MDC]), and soluble CD30, were measured in 101 HIV-negative tuberculosis patients, 103 healthy community controls, and 18 tuberculosis patients in recovery. The levels of CCL17/TARC (249.8 ± 19.91 versus 143.9 ± 10.54,P< 0.0001) and sCD30 (7.78 ± 0.44 versus 4.93 ± 0.23,P< 0.0001) were significantly higher in patients with active tuberculosis than in controls; however, the CCL22/MDC serum level had no statistical difference between the groups (579.9 ± 16.42 versus 556.5 ± 15.29,P= 0.298). The counts of platelet and eosinophil in the peripheral blood of patients with active tuberculosis are significantly increased as well (289.4 ± 8.14 versus 248.3 ± 5.34 [P< 0.0001] and 165.1 ± 14.33 versus 102.5 ± 10.72 [P= 0.0005], respectively), and the platelet counts were positively correlated with serum TARC levels (Pearsonr= 0.456,P< 0.0001), which indicates a new source of Th2 bias showing in active TB patients.
Analysis of Invasiveness of Pneumococcal Serotypes and Clones Circulating in Portugal before Widespread Use of Conjugate Vaccines Reveals Heterogeneous Behavior of Clones Expressing the Same Serotype
Authors: Sá-Leão Raquel , Pinto Francisco , Aguiar Sandra , Nunes Sónia , Carriço João A. , Frazão Nelson , Gonçalves-Sousa Natacha , Melo-Cristino José , de Lencastre Hermínia , Ramirez Mário 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACT
To estimate the invasive disease potential of serotypes and clones circulating in Portugal before extensive use of the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, we analyzed 475 invasive isolates recovered from children and adults and 769 carriage isolates recovered from children between 2001 and 2003. Isolates were serotyped and genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and a selection of isolates were also characterized by multilocus sequence typing. We found that the diversities of serotypes and genotypes of pneumococci responsible for invasive infections and carriage were identical and that most carried clones could also be detected as causes of invasive disease. Their ability to do so, however, varied substantially. Serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5, 7F, 8, 9N, 9L, 12B, 14, 18C, and 20 were found to have an enhanced propensity to cause invasive disease, while serotypes 6A, 6B, 11A, 15B/C, 16F, 19F, 23F, 34, 35F, and 37 were associated with carriage. In addition, significant differences in invasive disease potential between clones sharing the same serotype were found among several serotypes, namely, 3, 6A, 6B, 11A, 14, 19A, 19F, 22F, 23F, 34, and NT. This heterogeneous behavior of the clones was found irrespective of the serotype's overall invasive disease potential. Our results highlight the importance of the genetic background when analyzing the invasive disease potential of certain serotypes and provide an important baseline for its monitoring following conjugate vaccine use. Continuous surveillance should be maintained, and current research should focus on uncovering the genetic determinants that contribute to the heterogeneity of invasive disease potential of clones sharing the same serotype.
Utility of a Panviral Microarray for Detection of Swine Respiratory Viruses in Clinical Samples
Authors: Nicholson Tracy L. , Kukielka Deborah , Vincent Amy L. , Brockmeier Susan L. , Miller Laura C. , Faaberg Kay S. 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACT

Several factors have recently converged, elevating the need for highly parallel diagnostic platforms that have the ability to detect many known, novel, and emerging pathogenic agents simultaneously. Panviral DNA microarrays represent the most robust approach for massively parallel viral surveillance and detection. The Virochip is a panviral DNA microarray that is capable of detecting all known viruses, as well as novel viruses related to known viral families, in a single assay and has been used to successfully identify known and novel viral agents in clinical human specimens. However, the usefulness and the sensitivity of the Virochip platform have not been tested on a set of clinical veterinary specimens with the high degree of genetic variance that is frequently observed with swine virus field isolates. In this report, we investigate the utility and sensitivity of the Virochip to positively detect swine viruses in both cell culture-derived samples and clinical swine samples. The Virochip successfully detected porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in serum containing 6.10 × 10
2
viral copies per microliter and influenza A virus in lung lavage fluid containing 2.08 × 10
6
viral copies per microliter. The Virochip also successfully detected porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in serum containing 2.50 × 10
8
viral copies per microliter and porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) in turbinate tissue homogenate. Collectively, the data in this report demonstrate that the Virochip can successfully detect pathogenic viruses frequently found in swine in a variety of solid and liquid specimens, such as turbinate tissue homogenate and lung lavage fluid, as well as antemortem samples, such as serum.
Molecular and Phenotypic Characterization of Phialemonium and Lecythophora Isolates from Clinical Samples
Authors: Perdomo H. , Sutton D. A. , García D. , Fothergill A. W. , Gené J. , Cano J. , Summerbell R. C. , Rinaldi M. G. , Guarro J. 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACT

Several members of the fungal genera
Phialemonium
and
Lecythophora
are occasional agents of severe human and animal infections. These species are difficult to identify, and relatively little is known about their frequency in the clinical setting. The objective of this study was to characterize morphologically and molecularly, on the basis of the analysis of large-subunit ribosomal DNA sequences, a set of 68 clinical isolates presumed to belong to these genera. A total of 59 isolates were determined to be
Phialemonium
species (
n
= 32) or a related
Cephalotheca
species (
n
= 6) or
Lecythophora
species (
n
= 20) or a related
Coniochaeta
species (
n
= 1). Nine isolates identified to be
Acremonium
spp. or
Phaeoacremonium
spp. were excluded from further study. The most common species were
Phialemonium obovatum
and
Phialemonium curvatum
, followed by
Lecythophora hoffmannii
,
Cephalotheca foveolata
, and
Lecythophora mutabilis
.