bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is motherhood a burden or an asset to female computer science and engineering faculty? Case studies in China and Italy
Authors: Wen Biying , Wang Qian , Grasso Floriana , Chen Qing , Shen Juming 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe problem of gender disparity in computer science and engineering has persisted despite longstanding efforts made in higher education. This study drew data from ten female computer science and engineering faculty in China and Italy to demonstrate the gender‐specific challenges they face. The researcher applied positioning theory to analyse female faculty's motherhood experiences. Findings suggest that the dual mother‐and‐educator role conflict in the intersectional space of work and family can be both a burden and an asset to female faculty. As a burden, the sociocultural expectations of the mother's role drive females to take on primary childcare responsibilities. It leads to significant barriers to female faculty's career advancements. As an asset, the study finds that the female faculty's motherhood experience allowed them to generate new insights into their identities as educators and teaching practices. Their learning from motherhood prompts them to reflect and gain an appreciation of their educator identity. Such realisation enables them to improve their teaching practices and interactions with students. The study offers policy recommendations for higher education institutions to support female faculty navigating the dual roles of mother and educator. Finally, the researcher discusses the limitations and directions for future study.
A personal narrative intervention combined with self‐monitoring strategies: Outcomes for Mandarin‐speaking adolescents with Down syndrome
Authors: Li Huan , Wu Hongyu , Deng Li , Zeng Shuo , Yu Jing , Luo Yueling , Guo Congyun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundPersonal narratives play an essential role in children's social and academic development. However, children with Down syndrome have ongoing challenges with constructing and communicating personal narratives.MethodsUsing a single‐case multiple‐probe across participants design, we examined whether a targeted intervention could improve both micro‐ and macro‐structural aspects of personal narratives from Chinese adolescents with Down syndrome.ResultsAll three participants demonstrated high treatment effects in two macrostructural narrative outcomes (i.e., narrative element complexity and narrative coherence) in response to the intervention and moderate to high treatment effects in the microstructural narrative outcomes (i.e., the mean length of utterance in words and the number of different words). However, all participants demonstrated limited improvements in narrative cohesion. These effects were maintained and generalised in a different narrative condition.ConclusionsThe preliminary findings support the feasibility and effectiveness of the personal narrative intervention incorporated with self‐monitoring strategies for adolescents with Down syndrome.
Concordance and drivers of marine spatial structure determined using genogeographic clustering
Authors: Arranz Vanessa , Fewster Rachel M. , Lavery Shane D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimIn order to provide a more comprehensive, community‐level understanding of marine gene flow and connectivity, we wished to first identify geographic regions of common spatial genetic divergence across multiple species along a southern temperate coastline, and then to determine which biological and ecological factors best explain the diversity in genetic patterns among species.LocationNew Zealand (NZ) marine coastline.TaxonTwenty‐one species of benthic invertebrate.Materials and MethodsA novel approach was used that involved: (1) use of genetic divergences (F
ST) from previously published studies to quantitatively describe patterns of population structure within each species as a fitted spline curve, (2) quantitatively clustering species by their similarity in geographic pattern using a dendrogram of curve similarities, and (3) then testing whether nine known life‐history and ecological traits are associated with the species sharing similar genetic patterns, using distance‐based regression.ResultsComparisons among species revealed not one, but four major common geographic patterns, within unexpected groups of species. The common locations of genetic divergence are similar to those previously identified, but differ substantially in their relative importance, compared to prior expectations. Two variables, Spawning Time and Taxon, explained significant proportions (26% and 16%) of the variation in the multivariate data.Main ConclusionsThe genogeographic clustering of population genetic divergences provided considerable insight into the concordance of marine spatial structure across species, and some potential biological drivers of those patterns. The four common patterns of population structure identified revealed that different species responded to the same environmental drivers in very different and unexpected ways. Although larval dispersal is an important factor uniting groups of species, the timing of dispersal may be more important than pelagic larval duration in NZ. These results should contribute greatly to the integration of population genetics into both community ecology and conservation management.
Cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) inhibitors in Parkinson disease
Authors: Alrouji Mohammed , Al‐kuraishy Haydar M. , Al‐Gareeb Ali I. , Alshammari Mohammed S. , Alexiou Athanasios , Papadakis Marios , Bahaa Mostafa M. , Batiha Gaber El‐Saber 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a protein expressed in postmitotic neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). Cdk5 is activated by p35 and p39 which are neuron regulatory subunits. Cdk5/p35 complex is activated by calpain protease to form Cdk5/p35 which has a neuroprotective effect by regulating the synaptic plasticity and memory functions. However, exaggerated Cdk5 is implicated in different types of neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson disease (PD). Therefore, modulation of Cdk5 signalling may mitigate PD neuropathology. Therefore, the aim of the present review was to discuss the critical role of Cdk5 in the pathogenesis of PD, and how Cdk5 inhibitors are effectual in the management of PD. In conclusion, overactivated Cdk5 is involved the development of neurodegeneration, and Cdk5/calpain inhibitors such as statins, metformin, fenofibrates and rosiglitazone can attenuate the progression of PD neuropathology.
Pan‐cancer analysis of DCTN2 and its tumour‐promoting role in HCC by modulating the AKT pathway
Authors: Xu Shuning , Xing Jiyuan , Li Ke , Qiao Lei , Zhang Cheng , Ren Yulin , Liu Ying 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDynactin subunit 2 (DCTN2) has been reported to play a role in progression of several tumours; however, the involvement of DCTN2 in potential mechanism or the tumour immune microenvironment among various cancers still remains largely unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to comprehensively investigate the expression status and potential function of DCTN2 in various malignancies through different database, such as The Cancer Genome Atlas, the Genotype‐Tissue Expression and Gene Expression Omnimus databases. We discovered that DCTN2 expression was high in many type of tumours tissues compared to adjacent non‐tumour ones. High DCTN2 signified poor prognosis for patients with tumours. Additionally, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) analysis revealed that DCTN2 was positively correlated with oncogenic pathways, including cell cycle, tumour metastasis‐related pathway, while it was negatively with anti‐tumour immune signalling pathway, such as INF‐γ response. More importantly, we elucidated the functional impact of DCTN2 on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression and its underlying mechanisms. DCTN2 expression was much higher in HCC tissues than in adjacent non‐tumour tissues. Silencing DCTN2 dramatically suppressed the proliferative and metastasis capacities of tumour cell in vitro. Mechanistically, DCTN2 exerted tumour‐promoting effects by modulating the AKT signalling pathway. DCTN2 knockdown in HCC cells inhibited AKT phosphorylation and its downstream targets as well. Rescue experiments revealed that the anti‐tumour effects of DCTN2 knockdown were partially reversed upon AKT pathway activation. Overall, DCTN2 may be a potent biomarker signifying tumour prognosis and a promising therapeutic target for tumour treatment, particularly in HCC.
Elevated neutrophil extracellular trap levels in periodontitis: Implications for keratinization and barrier function in gingival epithelium
Authors: Cui Ya‐yun , Yang Yi‐heng , Zheng Jia‐yi , Ma Hui‐hui , Han Xue , Liao Chong‐shan , Zhou Min 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimTo explore the levels of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in patients with periodontitis and examine their effects on keratinization, barrier function of human gingival keratinocytes (HGKs) and the associated mechanisms.Materials and MethodsSaliva, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), clinical periodontal parameters and gingival specimens were collected from 10 healthy control subjects and 10 patients with stage II–IV periodontitis to measure the NET levels. Subsequently, mRNA and protein levels of keratinization and barrier indicators, as well as intracellular calcium and epithelial barrier permeability, were analysed in HGKs after NET stimulation.ResultsThe study showed that NET levels significantly elevated in patients with periodontitis, across multiple specimens including saliva, GCF and gingival tissues. Stimulation of HGKs with NETs resulted in a decrease in the expressions of involucrin, cytokeratin 10, zonula occludens 1 and E‐cadherin, along with decreased intracellular calcium levels and increased epithelial barrier permeability. Furthermore, the inhibition of keratinization by NETs is ERK‐KLF4‐dependent.ConclusionsThis study indicates that NETs impair the barrier function of HGKs and suppress keratinization through ERK/KLF4 axis. These findings provide potential targets for therapeutic approaches in periodontitis to address impaired gingival keratinization.
Factors predictive of recurrence, metastasis and death in node‐negative penile squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective multicentre cohort study
Authors: O'Connell Katie A. , Thomas Jacob L. , Murad Fadi , Zhou Guohai , Sonpavde Guru P. , Mossanen Matthew , Clinton Timothy N. , Ji‐Xu Antonio , Spiess Philippe E. , Rossi Anthony M. , Schmults Chrysalyne D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundPenile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) carries significant morbidity and mortality. Literature is limited regarding prognostic factors, especially prognostic factors for development of metastasis.ObjectivesTo identify independent prognostic factors associated with poor outcomes, defined as local recurrence (LR), metastasis and disease‐specific death (DSD) in clinically node‐negative PSCC undergoing local therapy.MethodsThirty‐two‐year Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study of 265 patients with histologically diagnosed PSCC at three tertiary care centres. Predictive models based on patient or tumour characteristics were developed.ResultsLocal recurrence occurred in 56 patients, metastasis in 52 patients and DSD in 40 patients. In multivariable models, the following five factors were independent prognostic factors based on subhazard ratio (SHR): history of balanitis (LR SHR: 2.3; 95% CI 1.2–4.2), poor differentiation (metastasis SHR 1.9; 95% CI 1.0–3.6), invasion into the corpora (metastasis SHR: 3.0; 95% CI 1.5–5.8 and DSD SHR: 4.5; 95% CI 1.7–12.1), perineural invasion (PNI) (metastasis SHR: 2.8; 95% CI 1.4–5.5 and DSD SHR: 3.5; 95% CI, 1.6–7.8) and a history of phimosis (DSD SHR: 2.5; 95% CI 1.2–5.3). The 5‐year cumulative incidence of metastasis was higher for tumours with PNI [cumulative incidence function (CIF) = 55%, 95% CI 38–75 vs. CIF 15%, 95% CI 11–22], corporal invasion (CIF: 35%, 95% CI 26–47 vs. 12%, 95% CI 7–19) and poorly differentiated tumours (CIF = 46%, 95% CI 31–64 vs. CIF 15%, 95% CI 11–22).ConclusionsHistory of balanitis, history of phimosis, PNI, corporal invasion and poor differentiation are independent risk factors associated with poor outcomes. Since poor differentiation and PNI currently constitute only T1b disease, prognostic staging can likely be improved.
Identification of the first nursery area of the Galápagos shark (Carcharhinus galapagensis) in the south‐east Pacific Ocean
Authors: Morales‐Serrano Naití , Gonzalez‐Pestana Adriana 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe identification of important areas (i.e., nursery grounds) is essential for the conservation of most shark species. To assess whether Salas y Gómez Island serves as a nursery area for the Galápagos shark Carcharhinus galapagensis, we conducted a thorough literature review. Multiple lines of evidence show that young‐of‐the‐year (YOY); inhabiting the remote Salas y Gómez Island (1) present a higher density around Salas y Gómez Island than the surrounding deeper oceanic waters and in the south‐eastern Pacific, (2) potentially display high fidelity to this area, and (3) demonstrate the repeated use of this area over multiple years. We also discuss the significance of this isolated island for the Galápagos shark population and propose specific research, management, and conservation actions for its preservation.
Novel application of two‐ and four‐lobed noise‐canceling passive integrated transponder antennas for tracking fish in areas of high ambient electromagnetic interference
Authors: Sherker Zachary T. , Martin Cole , Zubick Patrick , Straker Dan , Bass Arthur L. , Hinch Scott G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPassive integrated transponder (PIT) technology is a leading tool for tracking fish in freshwater systems. PIT is highly applicable for assessing fish passage at anthropogenic infrastructure (e.g., dams and floodgates); however, there are often complications in operating PIT antennas near these structures due to the ambient electromagnetic interference of metal and power‐supply equipment. We designed a PIT antenna that is resistant to the effects of ambient electromagnetic interference (AEMI). This design uses lobes with balanced polarity within the antenna to neutralize AEMI within the vicinity of the antenna. This novel PIT antenna provides a more effective and cost‐efficient option for researchers tracking fish in environments with high AEMI.
Influence of the dietary contribution of terrestrial insects to the condition factor of bleak Alburnus alburnus in a highly polluted lowland river
Authors: Scharnweber Kristin , Milano Stefania , Hühn Daniel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBleak Alburnus alburnus is a highly abundant but understudied fish species, and we know little about the trophic ecology of populations inhabiting rivers in central Europe. From an ecosystem perspective, this fish species is interesting as it is known to feed on surface insects, thereby linking the terrestrial with the aquatic habitat. In a previous study, we demonstrated that this flux is intensified, and dietary contribution of terrestrial insects is higher in fish inhabiting sections of the Spree River, Germany, that are polluted from iron oxides occurring from former lignite mining activities, and thus are characterized by lower abundances of aquatic insects. As terrestrial insects can be considered as food of lower quality (measured as long‐chained polyunsaturated fatty acids, n‐3 LC‐PUFAs) compared to aquatic prey, it is reasonable to assume that the higher contribution of terrestrial insects is related to a lower body condition in fish. In this study, we explore the trophic ecology of riverine A. alburnus and their fitness consequences of feeding on terrestrial insects. We therefore modeled a terrestrial index from stable isotopes of hydrogen (δ2H) measured in the A. alburnus muscle tissue and compared individuals caught in locations upstream of a dam that were greatly influenced by iron oxides, with individuals caught in sections located downstream of a dam where passive remediation technologies are applied. The terrestrial index was significantly higher in A. alburnus caught in locations at high‐iron concentrations, characterized by low abundances of aquatic prey, compared to A. alburnus caught in unpolluted habitats at low‐iron concentrations. In contradiction to our hypothesis, the terrestrial index had no significant effect on the body condition of A. alburnus (measured as Fulton's condition factor K) in the sections downstream of the dam (i.e., at low‐iron concentrations) and a significant positive, albeit weak, effect in sections upstream of the dam (i.e., at high‐iron concentrations). However, the condition factor was generally lower in the high‐iron section, potentially related to more direct effects of the iron oxide. We conclude that in A. alburnus, terrestrial insects can be considered as the less‐favored food, unless the fish occur in environments where the aquatic food is of limited availability. Further research is needed to evaluate the direct and indirect effects, including the internal n‐3 LC‐PUFA synthesis as an adaption toward low‐quality terrestrial prey on the fitness consequences of A. alburnus.
Money and Banking with Reserves and CBDC
Authors: NIEPELT DIRK 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTWe analyze the role of retail central bank digital currency (CBDC) and reserves when banks exert deposit market power and liquidity transformation entails externalities. Optimal monetary architecture minimizes the social costs of liquidity provision, and optimal monetary policy follows modified Friedman rules. Interest rates on reserves and CBDC should differ. Calibrations robustly suggest that CBDC provides liquidity more efficiently than deposits unless the central bank must refinance banks and this is very costly. Accordingly, the optimal share of CBDC in payments tends to exceed that of deposits.
Proposal for individual treatment by tubal occlusion factor based on the results of salpingoscopic salpingoplasty
Authors: Nakagawa Ippei , Hirano Mana , Kishimoto Rintaro , Kayama Akinori , Fujino Tsuyoshi , Miyazaki Yasundo , Suenaga Akihiko , Seto Hiroshi , Ayabe Takuya , Nagasaka Kazunori 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimAs a treatment for tubal infertility, falloposcopic tuboplasty (FT) is one of the options for patients who wish to conceive naturally. Based on the results of FT, we propose an appropriate time of transitioning to assisted reproductive technology (ART) for tubal infertility.Objects and MethodsWe examined the outcomes of cases of tubal infertility during the period from June 1999 through March 2021 who were performed tuboplasty at our hospital using the FT catheter system under laparoscopy.ResultsThe number of treated cases was 828. There were 243 cases of endometriosis and 119 cases of genital chlamydial infection. By FT, 712 cases (86.0%) were successfully recanalized. Of the 712 cases, 189 conceived naturally (26.5%) and miscarriages were 23 cases (12.2%), ectopic pregnancies were 8 cases (4.2%). The mean duration from FT to pregnancy was 6.5 months in natural pregnancy group, 90% of them were pregnant within 14 months. In endometriosis cases, the pregnancy rate after FT did not change significantly among clinical stage.ConclusionsEven when the fallopian tube was recanalized by FT, if the couple is unable to conceive naturally, they had better to consider switching to ART at about 14 months. When the couples with endometriosis consider switching to ART, we suggest deciding without considering the rASRM stage.
Predicting masticatory muscle activity and deviations in mouth opening from non‐invasive temporomandibular joint complex functional analyses
Authors: Farook Taseef Hasan , Haq Tashreque Mohammed , Ramees Lameesa , Dudley James 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundA quantitative approach to predict expected muscle activity and mandibular movement from non‐invasive hard tissue assessments remains unexplored.ObjectivesThis study investigated the predictive potential of normalised muscle activity during various jaw movements combined with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) vibration analyses to predict expected maximum lateral deviation during mouth opening.MethodSixty‐six participants underwent electrognathography (EGN), surface electromyography (EMG) and joint vibration analyses (JVA). They performed maximum mouth opening, lateral excursion and anterior protrusion as jaw movement activities in a single session. Multiple predictive models were trained from synthetic observations generated from the 66 human observations. Muscle function intensity and activity duration were normalised and a decision support system with branching logic was developed to predict lateral deviation. Performance of the models in predicting temporalis, masseter and digastric muscle activity from hard tissue data was evaluated through root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute error.ResultsTemporalis muscle intensity ranged from 0.135 ± 0.056, masseter from 0.111 ± 0.053 and digastric from 0.120 ± 0.051. Muscle activity duration varied with temporalis at 112.23 ± 126.81 ms, masseter at 101.02 ± 121.34 ms and digastric at 168.13 ± 222.82 ms. XGBoost predicted muscle intensity and activity duration and scored an RMSE of 0.03–0.05. Jaw deviations were successfully predicted with a MAE of 0.9 mm.ConclusionApplying deep learning to EGN, EMG and JVA data can establish a quantifiable relationship between muscles and hard tissue movement within the TMJ complex and can predict jaw deviations.
Leaf and twig traits predict habitat adaptation and demographic strategies in tropical freshwater swamp forest trees
Authors: Lam Weng Ngai , Huang Jie , Tay Amanda Hui Ting , Sim Hong Jhun , Chan Pin Jia , Lim Kiah Eng , Lei Mingfeng , Aritsara Amy Ny Aina , Chong Rie , Ting Ying Ying , Rahman Nur Estya Binte , Sloey Taylor M. , Van Breugel Michiel , Cao Kun‐Fang , Wee Alison Kim Shan , Chong Kwek Yan 
Published: June 2024

Summary

Differences in demographic and environmental niches facilitate plant species coexistence in tropical forests. However, the adaptations that enable species to achieve higher demographic rates (e.g. growth or survival) or occupy unique environmental niches (e.g. waterlogged conditions) remain poorly understood. Anatomical traits may better predict plant environmental and demographic strategies because they are direct measurements of structures involved in these adaptations.

We collected 18 leaf and twig traits from 29 tree species in a tropical freshwater swamp forest in Singapore. We estimated demographic parameters of the 29 species from growth and survival models, and degree of association toward swamp habitats. We examined pairwise trait–trait, trait–demography and trait–environment links while controlling for phylogeny.

Leaf and twig anatomical traits were better predictors of all demographic parameters than other commonly measured leaf and wood traits. Plants with wider vessels had faster growth rates but lower survival rates. Leaf and spongy mesophyll thickness predicted swamp association.

These findings demonstrate the utility of anatomical traits as indicators of plant hydraulic strategies and their links to growth–mortality trade‐offs and waterlogging stress tolerance that underlie species coexistence mechanisms in tropical forest trees.