bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Super high resolution for single molecule‐sequence‐based typing of classical HLA loci at the 8‐digit level using next generation sequencers
Authors: Shiina T. , Suzuki S. , Ozaki Y. , Taira H. , Kikkawa E. , Shigenari A. , Oka A. , Umemura T. , Joshita S. , Takahashi O. , Hayashi Y. , Paumen M. , Katsuyama Y. , Mitsunaga S. , Ota M. , Kulski J. K. , Inoko H. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCurrent human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DNA typing methods such as the sequence‐based typing (SBT) and sequence‐specific oligonucleotide (SSO) methods generally yield ambiguous typing results because of oligonucleotide probe design limitations or phase ambiguity for HLA allele assignment. Here we describe the development and application of the super high‐resolution single‐molecule sequence‐based typing (SS‐SBT) of HLA loci at the 8‐digit level using next generation sequencing (NGS). NGS which can determine an HLA allele sequence derived from a single DNA molecule is expected to solve the phase ambiguity problem. Eight classical HLA loci‐specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were designed to amplify the entire gene sequences from the enhancer‐promoter region to the 3′ untranslated region. Phase ambiguities of HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C, ‐DRB1 and ‐DQB1 were completely resolved and unequivocally assigned without ambiguity to single HLA alleles. Therefore, the SS‐SBT method described here is a superior and effective HLA DNA typing method to efficiently detect new HLA alleles and null alleles without ambiguity.
Growing trend in older patients with severe injuries: mortality and mechanisms of injury between 1991 and 2010 at an inner city major trauma centre
Authors: Dinh Michael M. , Roncal Susan , Byrne Christopher M. , Petchell Jeffrey 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundElderly patients with major trauma are an increasingly important public health concern. The objective of the study was to describe the long term trend in patients aged 65 years and older with major trauma.MethodsA retrospective single centre trauma registry study conducted at an inner city Major Trauma Centre in Sydney. Data on patients aged 65 years or older with major trauma (Injury Severity Score greater than 15) presenting between 1991 and 2010 were extracted from the data registry. Demographic data, mechanism of injury, injury severity scores and outcomes were collected. Study outcomes were proportion of total major trauma volume due to patients aged 65 years and older, in hospital mortality and total beddays occupied per year.ResultsThe proportion of major trauma volume due to older patients increased by 4.9% per year currently accounting for a third of major trauma volume. The proportion of major trauma in older patients due to falls has also increased. Standardised mortality rates have declined by 2.2% per year.ConclusionThere has been a disproportionate increase in the proportion of major trauma due to older patients at this institution over the past twenty years. If this trend continues, it is likely to have significant impacts on future hospital and rehabilitation resources.
Laparoscopic bilateral native nephrectomies with simultaneous kidney transplantation
Authors: Martin Aaron D. , Mekeel Kristin L. , Castle Erik P. , Vaish Sneha S. , Martin George L. , Moss Adyr A. , Mulligan David C. , Heilman Raymond L. , Reddy Kunam S. , Andrews Paul E. 
Published: August 2012

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Extirpation of polycystic kidneys for various medical reasons has been performed using many different approaches in attempts to limit morbidity from such a large operation. In indicated patients, it has usually been offered in a staged approach with renal transplantation to avoid graft complications. We published the first case of simultaneous laparoscopic bilateral native nephrectomy with kidney transplant in 2008.The present study shows our continued experience with offering this minimally invasive, single surgery alternative. The results are comparable to a staged laparoscopic approach with significantly shorter total hospital stay and one recovery for the patient and his/her family.OBJECTIVE
To analyse the perioperative outcomes of native bilateral laparoscopic nephrectomy (BLN) with simultaneous kidney transplantation.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
From November 2000 to April 2011, 37 patients were seen for renal failure secondary to autosomal‐dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and underwent renal transplant with native nephrectomies at a single tertiary academic centre.
In all, 15 patients underwent BLN for ADPKD followed by simultaneous kidney transplantation.
The other 22 patients underwent BLN for ADPKD with kidney transplant performed at a separate setting.
Demographic data, perioperative outcomes, complications regardless of need for intervention, and graft function were analysed in both groups.
RESULTS
The combined surgery was completed without intraoperative complication in all cases.
The median total operative duration was 372 min, estimated blood loss was 300 mL with two patients requiring transfusion, and the median (range) hospital stay was 5 (3–7) days.
All patients had immediate graft function with additional relief of compressive symptoms.
In comparison to our staged cohort, the simultaneous group had a significantly shorter total hospital stay.
All other outcomes and complication rates were comparable.
CONCLUSION
In ADPKD, a less invasive laparoscopic approach for native nephrectomies with simultaneous renal transplant offers comparable morbidity without graft compromise and the convenience of one operation and one recovery for the patient.
Effects of selenium status, dietary glucosinolate intake and serum glutathione S‐transferase α activity on the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Eichholzer Monika , Steinbrecher Astrid , Kaaks Rudolf , Teucher Birgit , Linseisen Jakob , Rohrmann Sabine 
Published: August 2012

Study Type – Prognosis (case control)Level of Evidence 2What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Geographical and ethnic differences in the distribution of BPH and the results of migrant studies indicate that not only age, androgens and genetics, but also modifiable factors may play a role in the aetiology of BPH. Oxidative stress induced by chronic inflammation could be a cause and antioxidants, including selenoproteins, may reduce the risk. The published data related to this topic are scarce and are mainly based on cross‐sectional and case–control studies.In a nested case–control study, we observed a significant inverse association between serum selenium concentrations and the risk of BPH. These results need to be confirmed in larger, prospective epidemiological studies. Prostate enlargement is an increasing health problem as a result of an ageing population in many countries. Modifiable factors may also play a role. In the present study, before this antioxidant can be recommended as a preventive measure.OBJECTIVE
To determine whether geographical differences in the distribution of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and migrant studies indicate that modifiable factors play a role in the aetiology of BPH. Oxidative stress produced by chronic inflammation could represent one of the causes, and antioxidants, including selenoproteins, may reduce the risk.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Conditional logistic regression was used to examine the associations of serum selenium and selenoprotein P concentrations and glutathione peroxidase activity with respect to the risk of BPH in a case–control study nested in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition‐Heidelberg cohort, including 111 cases and 214 matched controls.
In addition, dietary glucosinolate intake and the serum glutathione S‐transferase α concentration was investigated.
RESULTS
The risk of BPH significantly decreased with an increasing serum selenium concentration; the risk estimate was 0.83 (35% CI 0.69–0.99) per 10 µg/L increase in serum selenium concentration.
However, no significant association was present for serum selenoprotein P concentration or glutathione peroxidase activity. Risk estimates for BPH decreased with a higher intake of glucosinolates, although the results were not statistically significant.
CONCLUSION
A low serum selenium concentration may increase the risk of BPH, although the findings reported in the present study need to be confirmed in larger, well‐designed epidemiological studies.
Endocardial Mapping and Catheter Ablation for Ventricular Fibrillation Prevention in Brugada Syndrome
Authors: SUNSANEEWITAYAKUL BUNCHA , YAO YAN , THAMAREE SUTHASINEE , ZHANG SHU 
Published: August 2012

Endocardial Mapping and Ablation of Brugada Syndrome. Introduction: Brugada syndrome (BS) is characterized by ST‐segment elevation in the right precordial electrocardiogram (ECG) leads and episodes of ventricular fibrillation (VF). This study aimed to observe the feasibility of substrate modification by radiofrequency catheter ablation and its effects on VF storm.
Methods and Results:
Ten BS patients (all men; median age 36.5 years) with VF storm (group I, n = 4) and no VF storm (group II, n = 6) were enrolled in the study between August 2007 and December 2008. All patients underwent electrophysiological study using noncontact mapping. The multielectrode array was placed in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). The isopotential map was analyzed during sinus rhythm and the region that had electrical activity occurring during J point to +60 (J+60) milliseconds interval of the V1 or V2 of surface ECG was considered as the late activation zone (LAZ) and also the substrate for ablation. LAZ was found in RVOT with variable distribution in both groups. Endocardial catheter ablation of the LAZ modified Brugada ECG pattern in 3 of 4 patients (75%) and suppressed VF storm in all 4 patients in group I during long‐term follow‐up (12–30 months). One patient had complete right bundle branch block from the ablation procedure.
Conclusions:
LAZ on RVOT identified by noncontact mapping may serve as potential VF substrate in BS patients with VF episodes. Radiofrequency ablation on LAZ normalized ECG, suppressed VF storm, and reduced VF recurrence. The procedure is safe and may prevent VF occurrence. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 23, pp. S10‐S16, November 2012)
Diabetes influences cardiac extracellular matrix remodelling after myocardial infarction and subsequent development of cardiac dysfunction
Authors: Eguchi Megumi , Xu Guoxiong , Li Ren‐Ke , Sweeney Gary 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis study was conducted to examine the influence of acute streptozotocin‐induced diabetes on cardiac remodelling and function in mice subjected to myocardial infarction (MI) by coronary artery ligation. Echocardiography analysis indicated that diabetes induced deleterious cardiac functional changes as demonstrated by the negative differences of ejection fraction, fractional shortening, stroke volume, cardiac output and left ventricular volume 24 hrs after MI. Temporal analysis for up to 2 weeks after MI showed higher mortality in diabetic animals because of cardiac wall rupture. To examine extracellular matrix remodelling, we used fluorescent molecular tomography to conduct temporal studies and observed that total matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in hearts was higher in diabetic animals at 7 and 14 days after MI, which correlated well with the degree of collagen deposition in the infarct area visualized by scanning electron microscopy. Gene arrays indicated temporal changes in expression of distinct MMP isoforms after 1 or 2 weeks after MI, particularly in diabetic mice. Temporal changes in cardiac performance were observed, with a trend of exaggerated dysfunction in diabetic mice up to 14 days after MI. Decreased radial and longitudinal systolic and diastolic strain rates were observed over 14 days after MI, and there was a trend towards altered strain rates in diabetic mouse hearts with dyssynchronous wall motion clearly evident. This correlated with increased collagen deposition in remote areas of these infarcted hearts indicated by Masson's trichrome staining. In summary, temporal changes in extracellular matrix remodelling correlated with exaggerated cardiac dysfunction in diabetic mice after MI.
Long‐Term Results for Maxillary Rehabilitation with Dental Implants after Tumor Resection
Authors: Huang Wei , Wu Yiqun , Zou Duohong , Zhang Zhiyong , Zhang Chenping , Sun Jian , Xu Bin , Zhang Zhiyuan 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundDefects of the maxilla due to tumor extirpation can create accordingly high levels of psychological and physical trauma for patients and their families. However, the reconstruction of maxillary defects remains very challenging. Today, using autogenous bone grafts and dental implants is an effective method to restore maxillary defects.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the long‐term clinical outcomes of maxillary rehabilitation with dental implants after tumor resection. Patient satisfaction after maxillary reconstruction was also assessed with regard to function and comfort.Materials and MethodsOver a 6‐year period (2000–2005), 24 patients with maxillary tumors underwent resection with either immediate (n = 18) or delayed reconstruction or underwent prosthetic rehabilitation (n = 6).The patients received 88 implants in total, including 9 zygomatic and 79 conventional implants, for maxillary rehabilitation of the defective areas.ResultsAutogenous bone grafts were successful in all patients, although partial loss of the graft was observed in one patient who received an iliac graft. Patient follow‐up was started at the point of the prosthetic loading of implants. The median treatment time was 99.1 months (range:18–137 months). One patient died after 18 months of follow‐up due to tumor recurrence, and two patients were lost to follow‐up after 3 years of observation. Ten conventional dental implants were removed due to peri‐implantitis. Six patients chose implant‐supported obturators. The cumulative survival and success rates of the implants were 88.6 and 86.3%, respectively.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that the rehabilitation of maxillary defects following tumor resection using implant‐supported fixed prostheses with autogenous bone grafts or prosthetic rehabilitation is successful and is associated with high patient satisfaction. Oral function can be restored using dental implants for patients with maxillary defects.
The occurrence of an abdominal fauna in an articulated tapir (Tapirus polkensis) from the Late Miocene Gray Fossil Site, northeastern Tennessee
Authors: McCONNELL Shannon M. , ZAVADA Michael S. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe analysis of samples recovered from the abdominal area of an articulated tapir (Tapirus polkensis) from the Late Miocene (4.5–7 million BP) Gray Fossil Site (GFS) revealed a rich palyno‐fauna comprised of about 94% egg/oocyst‐like structures and 6% pollen and other palynomorphs. In addition, a group of 6 hickory nuts (Carya) was recovered from the same area suggesting that the samples represent the abdominal contents. The analysis of a sample from immediately outside the tapir produced a sample with 98% pollen and less than 0.5% egg/oocyst‐like structures. The size, shape, and general morphology of egg/oocyst‐like structures were analyzed with light and scanning electron microscopy and were compared to a variety of intestinal parasites found in extant ungulates, and the Perissodactyla in particular. We also compared fossil structures to the numbers and kind of intestinal parasites recovered from fecal samples from the Baird's tapir (T. bairdii) in Costa Rica and from samples collected from the lowland tapir (T. terrestris) from Ecuador to assess their similarity to our fossil sample. Based on these data, we discuss what role parasites may have played in the biology of T. polkensis during the Late Miocene‐Early Pliocene.
Do methods for predicting paleohabitats apply for mountain and insular fossil bovids?
Authors: ROZZI Roberto , PALOMBO Maria Rita 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA variety of methods have been developed to use bovid postcranial elements in the functional morphology approach to paleohabitat prediction. This study represents a first attempt at testing morphometric methods based on astragalus and phalanges on extant mountain‐dwelling bovids and insular fossil bovids from Sardinia assigned to the so‐called ‘Nesogoral group’, already regarded as close to the Caprini tribe. We intended to answer the questions whether a classic four‐habitats model could be successfully applied to extant mountain‐dwelling bovids, and whether results obtained could support the hypothesis of a radiative evolution for the Sardinian bovids. Results obtained, on the one hand, highlighted some inadequacies of the method if not applied to African bovids; on the other hand, they stressed the difficulties of discriminating habitat preferences of Sardinian taxa only based on biometry of astragalus and phalanges. Nonetheless, statistical habitat predictions suggest the contemporaneous presence in Sardinia of bovids having about the same size, but inhabiting different environments, giving support to the hypothesis that Sardinian representatives of the genus Nesogoral originated from a still unknown ancestor by an adaptive radiation evolutionary process.
An examination of hardiness throughout the sport‐injury process: A qualitative follow‐up study
Authors: Wadey Ross , Evans Lynne , Hanton Sheldon , Neil Rich 
Published: August 2012

Objectives. This qualitative follow‐up study aimed to enhance the interpretability and meaningfulness of the findings that emerged from a quantitative study that explored the effect of hardiness on the prediction of, and response to, sport injury (i.e., Wadey, Evans, Hanton, & Neil, 2012).Design. Using theory‐based and maximum‐variation sampling to contextualize and provide an in‐depth understanding of the previous findings, the participants comprised a purposeful sample of 10 athletes from the quantitative study (M age = 21.7; SD= 1.06).Methods. Data were derived through semi‐structured interviews, and analysed and displayed using composite sequence analysis (Miles & Huberman, 1994).Results. The findings extended Wadey et al.'s (2012) study by identifying the perceived mechanisms by which athletes high and low in hardiness exacerbated or attenuated the impact of pre‐injury negative major life events (i.e., a significant predictor of sport injury) and post‐injury responses. Specifically, the findings demonstrate that athletes high in hardiness possessed a refined repertoire of problem‐ and emotion‐focused coping strategies that they used pre‐ and post‐injury. Those athletes low in hardiness used avoidance coping strategies that had long‐term negative implications.Conclusions. These findings have important implications for the structure, timing, and content of hardiness interventions that aim to reduce rates of injury occurrence and expedite injured athletes’ return to competitive sport.Statement of ContributionWhat is already known on this subject? Although the personality trait of hardiness has received limited research attention in the context of sport injury, a recent study demonstrated that hardiness lowers the risk of, and promotes recovery from, injury (Wadey, Evans, Hanton, & Neil, 2012). Despite these encouraging findings, they fail to contextualize and provide an in‐depth understanding of the mechanisms by which hardiness operates.What does this study add?
A number of personal and situational factors affected athletes’ responses pre‐ and post‐injury.
Athletes high and low in hardiness used different coping strategies throughout the sport‐injury process.
These findings have implications for the structure, timing, and content of hardiness interventions.
Effectiveness of external respiratory surrogates for in vivo liver motion estimation
Authors: Chang Kai‐Hsiang , Ho Ming‐Chih , Yeh Chi‐Chuan , Chen Yu‐Chien , Lian Feng‐Li , Lin Win‐Li , Yen Jia‐Yush , Chen Yung‐Yaw 
Published: August 2012

Purpose:Due to low frame rate of MRI and high radiation damage from fluoroscopy and CT, liver motion estimation using external respiratory surrogate signals seems to be a better approach to track liver motion in real‐time for liver tumor treatments in radiotherapy and thermotherapy. This work proposes a liver motion estimation method based on external respiratory surrogate signals. Animal experiments are also conducted to investigate related issues, such as the sensor arrangement, multisensor fusion, and the effective time period.Methods:Liver motion and abdominal motion are both induced by respiration and are proved to be highly correlated. Contrary to the difficult direct measurement of the liver motion, the abdominal motion can be easily accessed. Based on this idea, our study is split into the model‐fitting stage and the motion estimation stage. In the first stage, the correlation between the surrogates and the liver motion is studied and established via linear regression method. In the second stage, the liver motion is estimated by the surrogate signals with the correlation model. Animal experiments on cases of single surrogate signal, multisurrogate signals, and long‐term surrogate signals are conducted and discussed to verify the practical use of this approach.Results:The results show that the best single sensor location is at the middle of the upper abdomen, while multisurrogate models are generally better than the single ones. The estimation error is reduced from 0.6 mm for the single surrogate models to 0.4 mm for the multisurrogate models. The long‐term validity of the estimation models is quite satisfactory within the period of 10 min with the estimation error less than 1.4 mm.Conclusions:External respiratory surrogate signals from the abdomen motion produces good performance for liver motion estimation in real‐time. Multisurrogate signals enhance estimation accuracy, and the estimation model can maintain its accuracy for at least 10 min. This approach can be used in practical applications such as the liver tumor treatment in radiotherapy and thermotherapy.
Isolation and Characterization of a Sex-Specific Lectin in a Marine Red Alga, Aglaothamnion oosumiense Itono
Authors: Han Jong Won , Klochkova Tatyana A. , Shim Jun Bo , Yoon Kangsup , Kim Gwang Hoon 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT

In red algae, spermatial binding to female trichogynes is mediated by a lectin-carbohydrate complementary system.
Aglaothamnion oosumiense
is a microscopic filamentous red alga. The gamete recognition and binding occur at the surface of the hairlike trichogyne on the female carpogonium. Male spermatia are nonmotile. Previous studies suggested the presence of a lectin responsible for gamete recognition on the surface of female trychogynes. A novel
N
-acetyl-
d
-galactosamine-specific protein was isolated from female plants of
A. oosumiense
by affinity chromatography and named AOL1. The lectin was monomeric and did not agglutinate horse blood or human erythrocytes. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the protein was analyzed, and degenerate primers were designed. A full-length cDNA encoding the lectin was obtained using rapid amplification of cDNA ends-PCR (RACE-PCR). The cDNA was 1,095 bp in length and coded for a protein of 259 amino acids with a deduced molecular mass of 21.4 kDa, which agreed well with the protein data. PCR analysis using genomic DNA showed that both male and female plants have this gene. However, Northern blotting and two-dimensional electrophoresis showed that this protein was expressed 12 to 15 times more in female plants. The lectin inhibited spermatial binding to the trichogynes when preincubated with spermatia, suggesting its involvement in gamete binding.