bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weak ferromagnetism in cobalt oxalate crystals
Authors: Romero E. , Mendoza M. E. , Escudero R. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMicrocrystals of diaquocobalt(II) oxalate have been synthesized by the coprecipitation reaction of aqueous solutions of cobalt(II) bromide and oxalic acid. Chemical analysis and thermal experiments revealed that there is only one phase present. X‐ray powder diffraction studies show that this compound is orthorhombic with space group Cccm. Molar susceptibility versus temperature measurements show the existence of an antiferromagnetic (AF) ordering; however, the hysteresis measured in magnetization measurements as a function of magnetic field reveals a weak ferromagnetic behavior.
Ab initio investigation of structural and electronic properties of tungsten dioxide
Authors: Shaposhnikov V. L. , Migas D. B. , Rodin V. N. , Borisenko V. E. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA detailed study of electronic properties of tungsten dioxide (WO2) has been performed by means of the projector‐augmented wave method. Two phases were considered: stable monoclinic, which was characterized as a metallic one, and high‐temperature metastable orthorhombic, which was found to be a semiconductor with an energy gap of about 0.6 eV. We also show a possibility that oxygen vacancies in the monoclinic tungsten oxide providing the WO1.75 stoichiometry can result in the semiconducting behaviour of this compound as well.
Meta‐analysis and sensitivity analysis for multi‐arm trials with selection bias
Authors: Chootrakool Hathaikan , Shi Jian Qing , Yue Rongxian 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMulti‐arm trials meta‐analysis is a methodology used in combining evidence based on a synthesis of different types of comparisons from all possible similar studies and to draw inferences about the effectiveness of multiple compared‐treatments. Studies with statistically significant results are potentially more likely to be submitted and selected than studies with non‐significant results; this leads to false‐positive results. In meta‐analysis, combining only the identified selected studies uncritically may lead to an incorrect, usually over‐optimistic conclusion. This problem is known asbiselection bias. In this paper, we first define a random‐effect meta‐analysis model for multi‐arm trials by allowing for heterogeneity among studies. This general model is based on a normal approximation for empirical log‐odds ratio. We then address the problem of publication bias by using a sensitivity analysis and by defining a selection model to the available data of a meta‐analysis. This method allows for different amounts of selection bias and helps to investigate how sensitive the main interest parameter is when compared with the estimates of the standard model. Throughout the paper, we use binary data from Antiplatelet therapy in maintaining vascular patency of patients to illustrate the methods. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comment on Barclay and Vreysen: Published dynamic population model for tsetse cannot fit field data
Authors: Hargrove John W. , Torr Stephen J. , Vale Glyn A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe structure, and assumed parameter values, of a recent dynamic population model for tsetse (Diptera: Glossinidae) render it unable to fit published data on tsetse control programs using odor‐baited targets, insecticide‐treated cattle and the sterile insect technique (SIT). The underlying problem is a mismatch between the small size of the mapped cells (1 ha) and the long time‐step, which allows flies to move only once every 5 days, and then only to an adjacent cell. Assumed rates of tsetse dispersal and killing by odor‐baited targets are consequently at least an order of magnitude lower than observed in the field. Suggestions that Glossina pallidipes could be eradicated more rapidly with SIT, than using hundreds of targets per km2, is contradicted both by the field data and by three other independent modeling studies.
Integral design pedagogy: Representation and process in multidisciplinary master student projects based on workshops for professionals
Authors: Zeiler Wim , Savanović Perica 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe development in (Dutch) building practice necessitates developments in other aspects, besides specialized and professional skills, a new integral approach in education and the introduction of such an approach into building design practice. In 2005, the Faculty of Architecture, Building, and Planning of the University of Technology Eindhoven commenced a multidisciplinary master project on integral design focused on a sustainable climatic design. Students of architecture, building technology, structural engineering, and building services participated in these multidisciplinary master projects. The students began with a 2-day learning-by-practice workshop that was implemented and tested in collaboration with experienced professionals from the Royal Institute of Dutch Architects and the Dutch Association of Consulting Engineers. These workshops have become part of the permanent educational and professional program of the Royal Institute of Dutch Architects. This is one of the few projects in which the practical experience is transferred into the educational academic program and vice versa; normally this process functions only in one of the two directions. The theoretical basis of the design method on which the education of students and professionals is based is discussed and results presented.
Mycosphaerella graminicola: from genomics to disease control
Authors: ORTON ELIZABETH S. , DELLER SIAN , BROWN JAMES K. M. 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYThis Mycosphaerella graminicola pathogen profile covers recent advances in the knowledge of this ascomycete fungus and of the disease it causes, septoria tritici blotch of wheat. Research on this pathogen has accelerated since publication of a previous pathogen profile in this journal in 2002. Septoria tritici blotch continues to have high economic importance and widespread global impact on wheat production.Taxonomy: Mycosphaerella graminicola (Fuckel) J. Schröt. In Cohn (anamorph: Septoria tritici Roberge in Desmaz.). Kingdom Fungi, Phylum Ascomycota, Class Loculoascomycetes (filamentous ascomycetes), Order Dothideales, Genus Mycosphaerella, Species graminicola.Host range: Bread and durum wheat (Triticum aestivum L. and T. turgidum ssp. durum L.).Disease symptoms: Initially leaves develop a chlorotic flecking, which is followed by the development of necrotic lesions which contain brown–black pycnidia. Necrosis causes a reduction in photosynthetic capacity and therefore affects grain yield.Disease control: The disease is primarily controlled by a combination of resistant cultivars and fungicides. Rapid advances in disease control, especially in resistance breeding, are opening up new opportunities for the management of the disease.Useful websites: http://genome.jgi‐psf.org/Mycgr3/Mycgr3.home.html.
Genome sequencing and comparative analysis of the carrot bacterial blight pathogen, Xanthomonas hortorum pv. carotae M081, for insights into pathogenicity and applications in molecular diagnostics
Authors: KIMBREL JEFFREY A. , GIVAN SCOTT A. , TEMPLE TODD N. , JOHNSON KENNETH B. , CHANG JEFF H. 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARY Xanthomonas hortorum pv. carotae (Xhc) is an economically important pathogen of carrots. Its ability to epiphytically colonize foliar surfaces and infect seeds can result in bacterial blight of carrots when grown in warm and humid regions. We used high‐throughput sequencing to determine the genome sequence of isolate M081 of Xhc. The short reads were de novo assembled and the resulting contigs were ordered using a syntenic reference genome sequence from X. campestris pv. campestris ATCC 33913. The improved, high‐quality draft genome sequence of Xhc M081 is the first for its species. Despite its distance from other sequenced xanthomonads, Xhc M081 still shared a large inventory of orthologous genes, including many clusters of virulence genes common to other foliar pathogenic species of Xanthomonas. We also mined the genome sequence and identified at least 21 candidate type III effector genes. Two were members of the avrBs2 and xopQ families that demonstrably elicit effector‐triggered immunity. We showed that expression in planta of these two type III effectors from Xhc M081 was sufficient to elicit resistance gene‐mediated hypersensitive responses in heterologous plants, indicating a possibility for resistance gene‐mediated control of Xhc. Finally, we identified regions unique to the Xhc M081 genome sequence, and demonstrated their potential in the design of molecular diagnostics for this pathogen.
Ernest Beutler: his life and contribution to medical science
Authors: Beutler Steven , Beutler Bruce 
Published: January 2011

SummaryErnest Beutler was one of the preeminent haematologists of the last half of the 20th and the early 21st century. In a career that spanned six decades, his research interests included such diverse areas as red cell metabolism, blood preservation, glycolipid storage diseases, leukaemias and iron metabolism. Indeed, he was quite different from most of his contemporaries in that his knowledge encompassed not only haematology and not only the medical sciences, but the biological sciences as a whole. He was among the first to describe X chromosome inactivation, and he established the critical link between glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and drug‐induced haemolysis. He was a skilled and innovative clinician, and an early advocate of bone marrow transplantation for the treatment of acute leukaemia. He was a prolific author, with over 800 publications; a long time member of the Editorial Board of Blood; founder of the journal Blood Cells Molecules and Diseases; and an editor of Williams Haematology from the time of its inception. He bequeathed $1 million to the American Society of Haematology to recognise and reward outstanding basic research and its clinical application: a pursuit to which he had committed his life. Indeed, he became an extraordinary exemplar of the bench‐to‐bedside ethos, which holds that even today, an MD researcher, working with limited means and independent of pharmaceutical companies, can have a great impact on the practice of medicine.
Effects of the hydraulic coupling between xylem and phloem on diurnal phloem diameter variation
Authors: SEVANTO SANNA , HÖLTTÄ TEEMU , HOLBROOK N. MICHELE 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTMeasurements of diurnal diameter variations of the xylem and phloem are a promising tool for studying plant hydraulics and xylem–phloem interactions in field conditions. However, both the theoretical framework and the experimental verification needed to interpret phloem diameter data are incomplete. In this study, we analytically evaluate the effects of changing the radial conductance between the xylem and the phloem on phloem diameter variations and test the theory using simple manipulation experiments. Our results show that phloem diameter variations are mainly caused by changes in the radial flow rate of water between the xylem and the phloem. Reducing the hydraulic conductance between these tissues decreases the amplitude of phloem diameter variation and increases the time lag between xylem and phloem diameter variation in a predictable manner. Variation in the amplitude and timing of diameter variations that cannot be explained by changes in the hydraulic conductance, could be related to changes in the osmotic concentration in the phloem.
Light exerts multiple levels of influence on the Arabidopsis wound response
Authors: MORKER KRISHNA H. , ROBERTS MICHAEL R. 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTLight plays important roles in modulating plant responses to attack by pests and pathogens. Here, we test the hypothesis that darkness modifies the response to wounding, and examine possible mechanisms for such an effect. We investigated changes in the Arabidopsis transcriptome following a light–dark transition and the response to wounding either in the light or in the dark. The transcriptional response to the light–dark transition strongly resembles responses associated with carbon depletion. The dark shift and wound responses acted largely independently, but more complex interactions were identified at a number of levels. Darkness attenuates the overall transcriptional response to wounding, and we identified genes and physiological processes, such as anthocyanin accumulation, that exhibit light‐dependent wound responses. Transcriptional activation of light‐dependent wound‐induced genes requires a chloroplast‐derived signal originating from photosynthetic electron transport. We also present evidence of a role for the circadian clock in modifying wound responses. Our results show that darkness impacts on the wound response at a number of levels, which may imply differences in induced herbivore defences during the day and night.
The rate‐limiting step for CO2 assimilation at different temperatures is influenced by the leaf nitrogen content in several C3 crop species
Authors: YAMORI WATARU , NAGAI TAKESHI , MAKINO AMANE 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTEffects of nitrogen (N) supply on the limiting step of CO2 assimilation rate (A) at 380 µmol mol−1 CO2 concentration (A380) at several leaf temperatures were studied in several crops, since N nutrition alters N allocation between photosynthetic components. Contents of leaf N, ribulose 1·5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and cytochrome f (cyt f) increased with increasing N supply, but the cyt f/Rubisco ratio decreased. Large leaf N content was linked to a high stomatal (gs) and mesophyll conductance (gm), but resulted in a lower intercellular (Ci) and chloroplast CO2 concentration (Cc) because the increase in gs and gm was insufficient to compensate for change in A380. The A‐Cc response was used to estimate the maximum rate of RuBP carboxylation (Vcmax) and chloroplast electron transport (Jmax). The Jmax/Vcmax ratio decreased with reductions in leaf N content, which was consistent with the results of the cyt f/Rubisco ratio. Analysis using the C3 photosynthesis model indicated that A380 tended to be limited by RuBP carboxylation in plants grown at low N concentration, whereas it was limited by RuBP regeneration in plants grown at high N concentration. We conclude that the limiting step of A380 depends on leaf N content and is mainly determined by N partitioning between Rubisco and electron transport components.
Alluvial facies evolution during the Palaeozoic greening of the continents: case studies, conceptual models and modern analogues
Authors: DAVIES NEIL S. , GIBLING MARTIN R. , RYGEL MICHAEL C. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe Palaeozoic greening of the continents – the appearance and expansion of embryophytes (land plants) in terrestrial environments – was arguably the most fundamental Phanerozoic change to the Earth system. Thirteen case studies of Cambrian to Devonian fluvial deposits from North America and Europe are documented here to illustrate the evolution of fluvial style during this period. During the Cambro‐Ordovician, prior to the advent of terrestrial vegetation, fluvial systems laid down relatively coarse sands with little mud, resulting in self‐formed channels and an architecture dominated by broad sheets of trough cross‐beds (sheet‐braided style). Similar deposits formed across a wide range of latitudes, and passed basinward into sandy coastal deposits. From the mid Ordovician onwards, an increase in floodplain mudstone corresponds broadly with the appearance of embryophytes, which would have progressively enhanced upland weathering, mud production and floodplain storage of fines. During the Late Silurian, small heterolithic channel bodies with lateral‐accretion sets provide the first evidence of meandering channels, and floodplain mudstones contain more varied palaeosols, especially calcretes which appear abundantly for the first time. By the Early Devonian, channel deposits comprise sandstone lenses (channelled‐braided style), probably due to the increased bank strength and cohesion and reduced potential for sediment sorting imparted by sand‐mud mixtures. Muddy coastal deposits are prominent. By the Upper Devonian, fluvial deposits commonly contain fossil trees and large mainstem meandering channels with lateral‐accretion sets, indicating that rooted vegetation stabilized channels. The advent of stable floodplains with levées, crevasse splays and organic litter would have encouraged the diversification of terrestrial invertebrates, which left alluvial ichnological signatures from the Late Silurian onwards.
Reflecting on our effectiveness: Occupational therapy interventions with Indigenous clients
Authors: Stedman Amanda , Thomas Yvonne 
Published: January 2011

Background:  The health and social inequity experienced by the Indigenous population of Australia has resulted in the establishment of a national priority to close the gap in health outcomes. The occupational therapy profession is being urged to ensure the cultural appropriateness of practice interventions for Indigenous people. Although the importance of practice modification has been recognised by the occupational therapy profession, minimal research has been conducted in relation to older Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations.Method:  The aim of this study was to explore occupational therapists’ views of their effectiveness when practising with Indigenous clients. The qualitative study utilises in‐depth interviews with occupational therapists working in a regional centre of North Queensland to explore their views of effectiveness when modifying interventions for Indigenous clients.Results:  Inductive thematic analysis of the descriptive data generated four themes. The first theme provides insights into participants’ views of effectiveness when providing interventions to Indigenous clients. The remaining themes identify specific modification as (i) awareness of culture and respect for the individual, (ii) developing different expectations and (iii) ensuring equality of outcomes.Conclusion:  The study supports the importance of modifying practice to provide culturally safe occupational therapy to Indigenous clients. The importance of adopting a client‐centred approach in modifying interventions is also highlighted. Self‐reflection by the therapist regarding their occupational therapy practice with Indigenous clients is strongly suggested. In response, a self‐reflection tool has been developed from the findings of the study.
Prevalence and management of HER2/neu‐positive early breast cancer in a single institution following availability of adjuvant trastuzumab
Authors: Chan A. , McGregor S. R. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAim:  To ascertain the prevalence of HER2/neu‐positive early breast cancer (EBC), utilisation of adjuvant trastuzumab and incidence of cardiac toxicity in a community private hospital setting.Methods:  Prospective data collected by breast oncologist and surgeons in all women diagnosed with EBC at the Mount Hospital (MH) were reviewed. Women with HER2/neu‐positive disease diagnosed between 1 October 2006 and 31 March 2009 were included in this analysis.Results:  In total, 1128 women with invasive EBC were seen in the 30‐month period. All tumours underwent HER2/neu testing by immunohistochemistry, with 61% being evaluated by in situ hybridisation. Time to definitive HER2/neu result improved over time from median of 17 to 14 days. The prevalence of HER2 positivity (by in situ hybridisation) in this cohort was 12%. Uptake of trastuzumab‐based treatment was 100% in those patients receiving their treatment at the MH, compared to 52% of the 25 patients treated elsewhere. Ninety‐eight per cent of MH patients completed the planned 12 months of therapy, with one patient developing recurrent disease and two patients experiencing significant cardiac toxicity. Chemotherapy relative dose intensity was 98% in HER2/neu‐positive and negative patients. At a median of 25 months follow up, actuarial disease‐free and overall survival in the HER2/neu‐positive cohort is 99% and 100% respectively.Conclusion:  In a community private hospital setting, adjuvant trastuzumab and chemotherapy was delivered optimally, in line with national and international guidelines. Early efficacy and safety results in a non‐clinical trial setting underscore the significant benefits achieved with this targeted therapy in HER2/neu‐positive EBC.
Low Trait Self‐Control Predicts Self‐Handicapping
Authors: Uysal Ahmet , Knee C. Raymond 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPast research has shown that self‐handicapping stems from uncertainty about one's ability and self‐presentational concerns. The present studies suggest that low dispositional self‐control is also associated with self‐handicapping. In 3 studies (N = 289), the association between self‐control and self‐handicapping was tested. Self‐control was operationalized as trait self‐control, whereas self‐handicapping was operationalized as trait self‐handicapping in Study 1 (N = 160), self‐reported self‐handicapping in Study 2 (N = 74), and behavioral self‐handicapping in Study 3 (N = 55). In all 3 studies, hierarchical regression analyses revealed that low self‐control predicts self‐handicapping, independent of self‐esteem, self‐doubt, social desirability, and gender.
Bertin was Right: An Empirical Evaluation of Indexing to Compare Multivariate Time‐Series Data Using Line Plots
Authors: Aigner W. , Kainz C. , Ma R. , Miksch S. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract Line plots are very well suited for visually representing time‐series. However, several difficulties arise when multivariate heterogeneous time‐series data is displayed and compared visually. Especially, if the developments and trends of time‐series of different units or value ranges need to be compared, a straightforward overlay could be visually misleading. To mitigate this, visualization pioneer Jacques Bertin presented a method called indexing that transforms data into comparable units for visual representation. In this paper, we want to provide empirical evidence for this method and present a comparative study of the three visual comparison methods linear scale with juxtaposition, log scale with superimposition and indexing. Although for task completion times, indexing only shows slight advantages, the results support the assumption that the indexing method enables the user to perform comparison tasks with a significantly lower error rate. Furthermore, a post‐test questionnaire showed that the majority of the participants favour the indexing method over the two other comparison methods.
‘You can’t ask for a Dubonnet and lemonade!’: working class masculinity and men’s health practices
Authors: Dolan Alan 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn recent years, much research concerning men’s health has focused on men’s health‐related practices. While this body of research has often sought to contextualise men’s health practice it has done so primarily in terms of gender not social class. The need remains therefore to link theories of masculinity and health to broader theories regarding social class and health which highlight the social and economic context of people’s lives, in order to develop more complex understandings regarding the interactions between social class, gender and men’s health practices. The aim of this article is to explore these interactions via a qualitative examination of the ways in which two groups of working class men living in two contrasting socio‐economic areas construct masculinity and how this intertwines with their class position to impact on their health practices. This study highlights how men’s conceptualisations of masculinity coupled with their class position informed their understanding of male roles and the expectations that flow from this. It shows how certain risky practices are firmly rooted in the material reality of men’s lives, not simply in their gender, and how aspects of masculinity and class position intimately entwine to structure men’s health seeking behaviour.