bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between Handwriting, Drawing Skills and Dental Skills of Junior Dental Students
Authors: Al-Johany Sulieman , AlShaafi Maan , Bin-Shuwaish Mohammed , Alshahrani Faleh , Alazmah Abdulfatah , Aldhuwayhi Sami 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT
Learning fine motor skills is a pre-requisite for succeeding in dental practice and it is sometimes challenging for dental students. Most of the methods used in the selection process depend on evaluation of intellectual ability or structured interview while manual competence is not. However, no test on aptitude or manual dexterity is used as criteria.

Objective
The purpose of the present study intended to evaluate the fine motor skills of beginning dental students which could in turn be used as a method of selection of students for the dental degree admission process.

Materials and methods
A study was conducted among 71 second year dental students at College of Dentistry, King Saud University in Riyadh. A test composed of three parts, writing an answer for a question in four lines, drawing a picture of a smile and doing a class 1 amalgam preparation on a plastic molar tooth. The students were evaluated based on their handwriting, basic drawing skills and their skills in performing the tooth preparation by experts in each fields following certain criteria.

Results
The results showed a significant correlation between writing and drawing skills and dental skills of the student with p < 0.001.

Conclusions
The results of the current study support the use of the writing or drawing test as one of the test used for the applicants for dental school admission. However, the value given to such test in the selection of students needs further investigations and consensus.

How to cite this article
Al-Johany S, AlShaafi M, Bin-Shuwaish M, Alshahrani F, Alazmah A, Aldhuwayhi S, AlMaflehi N. Correlation between Handwriting, Drawing Skills and Dental Skills of Junior Dental Students. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011; 12(5):327-332.
Prediabetes Prevalence by Adverse Social Determinants of Health in Adolescents
Authors: Harrison Caleb , Peyyety Vaishnavi , Rodriguez Gonzalez Adriana , Chivate Rutha , Qin Xu , Zupa Margaret F. , Ragavan Maya I. , Vajravelu Mary Ellen 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceSeveral clinical practice guidelines advise race- and ethnicity-based screening for youth-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) due to a higher prevalence among American Indian and Alaska Native, Asian, Black, and Hispanic youths compared with White youths. However, rather than a biological risk, this disparity likely reflects the inequitable distribution of adverse social determinants of health (SDOH), a product of interpersonal and structural racism.ObjectiveTo evaluate prediabetes prevalence by presence or absence of adverse SDOH in adolescents eligible for T2D screening based on weight status.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study and analysis used data from the 2011 to 2018 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Data were analyzed from June 1, 2023, to April 5, 2024. Participants included youths aged 12 to 18 years with body mass index (BMI) at or above the 85th percentile without known diabetes.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome consisted of an elevated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level greater than or equal to 5.7% (prediabetes or undiagnosed presumed T2D). Independent variables included race, ethnicity, and adverse SDOH (food insecurity, nonprivate health insurance, and household income &amp;lt;130% of federal poverty level). Survey-weighted logistic regression was used to adjust for confounders of age, sex, and BMI z score and to determine adjusted marginal prediabetes prevalence by race, ethnicity, and adverse SDOH.ResultsThe sample included 1563 individuals representing 10 178 400 US youths aged 12 to 18 years (mean age, 15.5 [95% CI, 15.3-15.6] years; 50.5% [95% CI, 47.1%-53.9%] female; Asian, 3.0% [95% CI, 2.2%-3.9%]; Black, 14.9% [95% CI, 11.6%-19.1%]; Mexican American, 18.8% [95% CI, 15.4%-22.9%]; Other Hispanic, 8.1% [95% CI, 6.5%-10.1%]; White, 49.1% [95% CI, 43.2%-55.0%]; and &amp;gt;1 or other race, 6.1% [95% CI, 4.6%-8.0%]). Food insecurity (4.1% [95% CI, 0.7%-7.5%]), public insurance (5.3% [95% CI, 1.6%-9.1%]), and low income (5.7% [95% CI, 3.0%-8.3%]) were each independently associated with higher prediabetes prevalence after adjustment for race, ethnicity, and BMI z score. While Asian, Black, and Hispanic youths had higher prediabetes prevalence overall, increasing number of adverse SDOH was associated with higher prevalence among White youths (8.3% [95% CI, 4.9%-11.8%] for 3 vs 0.6% [95% CI, −0.7% to 2.0%] for 0 adverse SDOH).Conclusions and RelevanceAdverse SDOH were associated with higher prediabetes prevalence, across and within racial and ethnic categories. Consideration of adverse SDOH may offer a more actionable alternative to race- and ethnicity-based screening to evaluate T2D risk in youth.
Controlling Electroosmosis in Nanopores Without Altering the Nanopore Sensing Region
Authors: Baldelli Matteo , Di Muccio Giovanni , Sauciuc Adina , Morozzo della Rocca Blasco , Viola Francesco , Balme Sébastien , Bonini Andrea , Maglia Giovanni , Chinappi Mauro 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNanopores are powerful tools for single‐molecule sensing of biomolecules and nanoparticles. The signal coming from the molecule to be analyzed strongly depends on its interaction with the narrower section of the nanopore (constriction) that may be tailored to increase sensing accuracy. Modifications of nanopore constriction have also been commonly used to induce electroosmosis, that favors the capture of molecules in the nanopore under a voltage bias and independently of their charge. However, engineering nanopores for increasing both electroosmosis and sensing accuracy is challenging. Here it is shown that large electroosmotic flows can be achieved without altering the nanopore constriction. Using continuum electrohydrodynamic simulations, it is found that an external charged ring generates strong electroosmosis in cylindrical nanopores. Similarly, for conical nanopores it is shown that moving charges away from the cone tip still results in an electroosmotic flow (EOF), whose intensity reduces increasing the diameter of the nanopore section where charges are placed. This paradigm is applied to engineered biological nanopores showing, via atomistic simulations and experiments, that mutations outside the constriction induce a relatively intense electroosmosis. This strategy provides much more flexibility in nanopore design since electroosmosis can be controlled independently from the constriction, which can be optimized to improve sensing accuracy.
Inner Doping of Carbon Nanotubes with Perovskites for Ultralow Power Transistors
Authors: Zhu Maguang , Yin Huimin , Cao Jiang , Xu Lin , Lu Peng , Liu Yang , Ding Li , Fan Chenwei , Liu Haiyang , Zhang Yuanfang , Jin Yizheng , Peng Lian‐Mao , Jin Chuanhong , Zhang Zhiyong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSemiconducting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered as the most promising channel material to construct ultrascaled field‐effect transistors, but the perfect sp2 C─C structure makes stable doping difficult, which limits the electrical designability of CNT devices. Here, an inner doping method is developed by filling CNTs with 1D halide perovskites to form a coaxial heterojunction, which enables a stable n‐type field‐effect transistor for constructing complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor electronics. Most importantly, a quasi‐broken‐gap (BG) heterojunction tunnel field‐effect transistor (TFET) is first demonstrated based on an individual partial‐filling CsPbBr3/CNT and exhibits a subthreshold swing of 35 mV dec−1 with a high on‐state current of up to 4.9 µA per tube and an on/off current ratio of up to 105 at room temperature. The quasi‐BG TFET based on the CsPbBr3/CNT coaxial heterojunction paves the way for constructing high‐performance and ultralow power consumption integrated circuits.
Stable, Conductive, Adhesive Polymer Patterning Inside a Microfluidic Chamber for Endothelial Cell Alignment
Authors: Mancinelli Elena , Taccola Silvia , Slay Ellen , Chau Chalmers Chi Cheng , James Nizzy , Johnson Benjamin , Critchley Kevin , Harris Russell , Pensabene Virginia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEndothelial cells (ECs) line the inner walls of blood vessels, respond to shear stress by elongating in the direction of flow. Engineering aligned ECs in vitro is essential for modeling human vascular diseases and for drug testing. Current microfluidic approaches mainly rely on unidirectional laminar flow, uniform coating of surfaces to improve cellular adhesion or alteration of the surface topography. Challenges persist due to shear stress‐induced changes in cellular behavior, especially in complex multicellular environments and the time needed for the cells to align and polarize inside the microfluidic conduits. Generally, protein coating processes and physical treatments are also not compatible with the steps required for the assembly of microfluidic devices. This approach employs aerosol jet printing (AJP) to precisely pattern poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulphonate (PEDOT:PSS) within microfluidic chambers in a single step. It is shown that the PEDOT:PSS is biocompatible and facilitates EC adhesion, patterning, elongation, and alignment. Under capillary flow, the cells retain their pattern‐induced morphology over 7 d, confirming the efficacy of the approach in promoting cellular organization, eliminating the need for external pumps. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the PEDOT:PSS pattern retains structural integrity and electrical stability following oxygen plasma treatment, required for assembling of fully enclosed microfluidic devices.
An Improved Feature Enhancement CenterNet Model for Small Object Defect Detection on Metal Surfaces
Authors: Zhu Xingfei , Wang Qimeng , Zhang Bufan , Sun Zhaofei , Yu Jinghu , Qian Shanhua 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn defect detection on metal surfaces, there are many small defects with subtle features that are difficult to distinguish from the background environment using mainstream object detection methods. To alleviate this issue, this study proposes an improved CenterNet model for enhancing the features of small defects on metal surfaces, namely MSDD. In this work, we utilize an attention mechanism to reconstruct the basic feature extraction module in the metal defect feature extraction network, aiming to enhance the focus on features related to small defects. Additionally, we redesign an efficient deconvolution module to extract multi‐scale defect feature information, capturing details of small defects at different scales. Finally, leveraging the idea of reparameterization to enhance feature representation capabilities, we optimize the output of the detection head, thereby strengthening the model's ability to capture features of small objects on the metal surface. On the NEU‐DET dataset, compared to the CenterNet baseline, the improved feature enhancement network shows a 4.9% improvement. Furthermore, with an accuracy of 80.2% compared to mainstream object detection methods, it outperforms other state‐of‐the‐art (SOTA) level object detection methods, significantly enhancing the detection accuracy and performance of the network model.
Ethylene Electrosynthesis via Selective CO2 Reduction: Fundamental Considerations, Strategies, and Challenges
Authors: O' Carroll Thomas , Yang Xiaoxuan , Gordon Kenneth J. , Fei Ling , Wu Gang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) is a promising approach for reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, allowing harmful CO2 to be converted into more valuable carbon‐based products. On one hand, single carbon (C1) products have been obtained with high efficiency and show great promise for industrial CO2 capture. However, multi‐carbon (C2+) products possess high market value and have demonstrated significant promise as potential products for CO2RR. Due to CO2RR's multiple pathways with similar equilibrium potentials, the extended reaction mechanisms necessary to form C2+ products continue to reduce the overall selectivity of CO2‐to‐C2+ electroconversion. Meanwhile, CO2RR as a whole faces many challenges relating to system optimization, owing to an intolerance for low surface pH, systemic stability and utilization issues, and a competing side reaction in the form of the H2 evolution reaction (HER). Ethylene (C2H4) remains incredibly valuable within the chemical industry; however, the current established method for producing ethylene (steam cracking) contributes to the emission of CO2 into the atmosphere. Thus, strategies to significantly increase the efficiency of this technology are essential. This review will discuss the vital factors influencing CO2RR in forming C2H4 products and summarize the recent advancements in ethylene electrosynthesis.
Longitudinal associations of reproductive factors and exogeneous estrogens with neuroimaging biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease and cerebrovascular disease
Authors: Lee Jillian K. , Raghavan Sheelakumari , Christenson Luke R. , Frank Ryan D. , Kantarci Kejal , Rocca Walter A. , Vemuri Prashanthi , Mielke Michelle M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONFemale‐specific reproductive factors and exogeneous estrogen use are associated with cognition in later life. However, the underlying mechanisms are not understood. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of reproductive factors on neuroimaging biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebrovascular pathologies.METHODSWe evaluated 389 females (median age of 71.7 years) enrolled in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging with reproductive history data and longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. We used linear mixed effect models to examine the associations between reproductive factors and changes in neuroimaging measures.RESULTSEver hormonal contraception (HC) use was longitudinally associated with higher fractional anisotropy across the corpus callosum, lower white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume, and greater cortical thickness in an AD meta‐region of interest (ROI). The initiation of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) > 5 years post menopause was associated with higher WMH volume.DISCUSSIONHC use and initiation of MHT >5 years post menopause were generally associated with neuroimaging biomarkers of cerebrovascular pathologies.Highlights
Hormonal contraception use was associated with better brain white matter (WM) integrity.
Initiation of menopausal hormone therapy >5 years post menopause was associated with worsening brain WM integrity.
Hormonal contraception use was associated with greater cortical thickness.
Ages at menarche and menopause and number of pregnancies were not associated with imaging measures.
There were few associations between reproductive factors or exogenous estrogens and amyloid or tau PET.
A Population‐Based Approach to the Argument on Brain‐First and Body‐First Pathogenesis of Lewy Body Disease
Authors: Camerucci Emanuele , Mullan Aidan F. , Turcano Pierpaolo , Stang Cole D. , Bower James , Benarroch Eduardo E. , Boeve Bradley F. , Savica Rodolfo 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical progression of the brain‐/body‐first categories within Lewy body disease (LBD): Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and PD dementia.MethodsWe used of the Rochester Epidemiology Project to establish a population‐based cohort of clinically diagnosed LBD. We used two definitions for differentiating between brain‐ and body‐first LBD: a previously hypothesized body‐first presentation in patients with rapid eye movement sleep behavior onset before motor symptoms onset; and an expanded definition of body‐first LBD when a patient had at least 2 premotor symptoms between constipation, erectile dysfunction, rapid eye movement sleep behavior, anosmia, or neurogenic bladder.ResultsBrain‐first patients were more likely to be diagnosed with PD (RR = 1.43, p = 0.003), whereas body‐first patients were more likely to be diagnosed with DLB (RR = 3.15, p < 0.001). Under the expanded definition, there was no difference in LBD diagnosis between brain‐first and body‐first patients (PD: RR = 1.03, p = 0.10; DLB: RR = 0.88, p = 0.58) There were no patterns between brain‐ or body‐first presentation, PD dementia under either definition (original: p = 0.09, expanded: p = 0.97), and no significant difference in motor symptoms between brain‐first and body‐first.InterpretationOur findings do not support the dichotomous classification of body‐first and brain‐first LBD with the currently proposed definition. Biological exposures resulting in PD and DLB are unlikely to converge on a binary classification of top‐down or bottom‐up synuclein pathology. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:551–559
Effects of Separation and Purification Methods on Antioxidation, Hypoglycemic and DNA Protection Activity of Fenugreek Polysaccharide
Authors: Wang Haiyang , Feng Yingjie , Liang Yifan , Wang Kun , Yang Xiaopeng , Lai Miao , Li Huayu , Yang Jinchu , Ji Xiaoming 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSix low molecular weight fenugreek polysaccharides (FP) were isolated and purified by ethanol stepwise precipitation (EFP‐20, EFP‐40, and EFP‐60) and DEAE‐52 cellulose column method (DFP‐0, DFP‐0.15, and DFP‐0.3), respectively. The effects of different separation and purification techniques on the preliminary properties and biological activities of fenugreek polysaccharides were compared. The results showed that the DEAE‐52 cellulose‐eluted fractions had a higher total sugar content and displayed a looser structure. The molecular weights of all six fractions were in the range of 4–19 kDa, with significant changes in the ratio of galactose to mannose. All six fractions contained α‐D‐galactopyranose and β‐D‐mannopyranose structures. Activity tests showed that all six fractions possessed antioxidant, hypoglycemic and DNA‐protective activities. Among them, the DFP‐0 fraction showed the highest activity. Overall, different isolation and purification methods lead to changes in the properties and bioactivities of FP, which provides a theoretical basis for the development and application of FP in functional foods and drugs.
Evaluation of Phytochemistry and Antidiabetic Potential of an Astragalus Species (Astragalus kurdicus Boiss.)
Authors: Ozdemir Kevser , Hakan Barak Timur , Kurt Celep Inci , Savasan Ozan , Demirci Kayıran Serpil , Eroglu Ozkan Esra 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAstragalus kurdicus Boiss. roots are used in folk medicine for antidiabetic purposes. Different Astragalus plant metabolites have a notable potential for antidiabetic activity through varying mechanisms. Herein, this study is designed to assess the antidiabetic activity of Astragalus kurdicus total (AKM: methanol extract, yield: 14.53 %) and sub‐extracts (AKB: n‐butanol, AKC: chloroform, AKW: water, AKH: hexane extracts), utilizing a range of diabetes‐related in vitro methodologies, and to investigate the chemical composition of the plant. The highest astragaloside and saponin content was seen in AKB extract. Among the measured saponins, the abundance of Astragaloside IV (27.41 μg/mg in AKM) was the highest in high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis. Furthermore, flavonoid‐rich AKC was found to be mostly responsible for the high antioxidant activity. According to the results of the activity tests, AKW was the most active extract in protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 B (PTP1B), dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4), and α‐amylase inhibition tests (percent inhibitions are: 87.17 %, 82.4 %, and 91.49 % respectively, at 1 mg/mL). AKM and AKW demonstrated the highest efficacy in stimulating the growth of prebiotic microorganisms and preventing the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Thus, for the first time, the antidiabetic activity of A. kurdicus was evaluated from various perspectives.
A Structure‐Based Design Strategy with Pyrazole‐Pyridine Derivatives Targeting TNFα as Anti‐Inflammatory Agents: E‐Pharmacophore, Dynamic Simulation, Synthesis and In Vitro Evaluation
Authors: Halder Debojyoti , Jeyaprakash R. S. , Ghosh Balaram 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAny pathogenic attack, infection, or disease can initiate inflammation. It results in significant adverse consequences like inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. TNFα is one of the major pro‐inflammatory cytokines for the progression of inflammation—the present study designed a series of hybrid compounds consisting of the pyrazole‐pyridine moiety. Virtual screening was performed utilizing the e‐pharmacophore hypothesis with the co‐ligand of TNFα, screening, docking, and ADMET study. Induced fit docking, DFT analysis, and molecular dynamic simulation showed that the four best molecules ‐ Dh1‐ Dh4–showed crucial interaction with Tyrosine, higher dock scores, and better stability than Diclofenac. Following the synthesis of hit molecules, an in vitro albumin denaturation IC50 of Dh1 was found to be 118.01 μM. Further in‐depth in vitro and in vivo analyses of these pyrazole‐pyridine small compounds may serve as potential space for creating new anti‐inflammatory leads.
Blue Emission from Metal Halide Perovskites: Strategies and Applications
Authors: Liu Shiqiang , Wu Yuechuan , Wu Junyan , Lin Zhenghuan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLuminescent metal halides, as a type of luminescent semiconductor material, offer advantages that fulfill the requirements of emerging light source devices, such as high luminescence efficiency, good thermal stability, and tunable colorful emission. Blue light being one of the three primary colors plays a crucial role in the field of lighting and colorful displays. However, the progress in device performance of blue‐light materials lags behind that of green and red‐light materials. Currently, there have been numerous reports on metal halide perovskite blue‐light materials, but a comprehensive review on the development and performance control of blue‐light metal halides is yet to be found. This paper provides a comprehensive summary of the design strategies and luminescence mechanisms of blue‐light perovskites with various luminescence centers, as well as their application progress in the fields of light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), X‐ray scintillators, information anti‐counterfeiting and encryption. It also explores possible directions for subsequent performance improvement. This work aims to offer valuable insights and recommendations for the future development of blue‐light metal halides, with significant implications for the fabrication of novel blue light devices and advancements in detection technology.
Catalyzing green change: The impact of tech‐savvy leaders on innovative behaviors
Authors: Olya Hossein , Ahmad Muhammad Shakil , Abdulaziz Tamer Ahmed , Khairy Hazem Ahmed , Fayyad Sameh , Lee Choong‐Ki 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGlobal corporations face a significant challenge in addressing the lack of green innovation. Thus, this study develops a conceptual model to unveil the role of leader competencies in “smart technology, artificial intelligence, robotics, algorithms” (STARA) in promoting employees' green innovative behaviors. The study strives to analyze the mediating effect of green crafting behavior on the impact of leader STARA competencies on green innovative behavior. Additionally, the study tests the moderating roles of STARA awareness and employee promotion focus on the relationship between leader STARA competencies and green crafting behavior. Data were collected from 319 employees to test the proposed conceptual model using structural equation modeling. Findings reveal that leader STARA competencies drive employee green innovative behavior through green crafting behavior. Furthermore, STARA awareness and employee promotion focus moderate the influence of leader STARA competencies on green crafting behavior. Our research develops practical implications to improve leaders' STARA competencies, which could impact employees' green innovative behaviors.