bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predación de jaguares y pumas sobre animales domésticos en el sur del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia
Authors: Racero-Casarrubia Javier , Ortiz-Hoyos Ricardo D. , Hyde Matthew , Argel-Fernández Arnold , Figel Joe F. 
Published: May 2024

La prevención y mitigación de los conflictos con el hombre son prioritarias para la conservación de los grandes carnívoros. La caza por venganza tras la depredación del ganado es una de las principales amenazas para el jaguar (Panthera onca) y el puma (Puma concolor) en América. Se consultaron registros de informes gubernamentales, agencias de recursos naturales, medios de comunicación y observaciones de campo para caracterizar el conflicto entre humanos y grandes felinos en el Parque Nacional Natural Paramillo de Colombia. Entre 2007 y 2022, se reportaron 37 eventos de depredación de grandes felinos sobre perros domésticos y ganado, de los cuales el 84 % correspondió a ataques de jaguares. Se encontró que los animales más depredados, en orden de ataques, fueron cerdos, perros, ovejas y vacas. Los excesos de matanza (es decir, > 1 animal atacado en un evento de depredación) representaron el 61 % de todos los eventos de depredación. Los principales obstáculos para el manejo son la insuficiencia de personal para verificar la depredación y la falta de protocolos operativos claros. Finalmente, se identifican estrategias para reducir el riesgo de depredación y mejorar la gestión actual.
A review of selective indoor residual spraying for malaria control
Authors: Irish Seth , Nimmo Derric , Bharmel Jameel , Tripet Frederic , Müller Pie , Manrique-Saide Pablo , Moore Sarah J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is one of the most effective malaria control tools. However, its application has become limited to specific contexts due to the increased costs of IRS products and implementation programs. Selective spraying – selective spray targeted to particular areas/surfaces of dwellings – has been proposed to maintain the malaria control and resistance-management benefits of IRS while decreasing the costs of the intervention.
Methods
A literature search was conducted to find 1) studies that assessed the resting behaviour of Anophelesmosquitoes and 2) studies that evaluated the impact of selective spraying on entomological and malaria outcomes. Additional articles were identified through hand searches of all references cited in articles identified through the initial search. A cost model was developed from PMI VectorLink IRS country programs, and comparative cost analysis reports to analyze the overall cost benefits of selective IRS.
Results
In some studies, there appeared to be a clear resting preference for certain Anopheles species in terms of the height at which they rested. However, for other species, and particularly the major African malaria vectors, a clear resting pattern was not detected. Furthermore, resting behavior was not measured in a standardized way.
For the selective spray studies that were assessed, there was a wide range of spray configurations, which complicates the comparison of methods. Many of these spray techniques were effective and resulted in reported 25-68% cost savings and reduced use of insecticide. The reported cost savings in the literature do not always consider all of the IRS implementation costs. Using the IRS cost model, these savings ranged from 17-29% for programs that targeted Anopheles sp. and 18-41% for programs that targeted Aedes aegypti.
Conclusions
Resting behavior is generally measured in a simplistic way; noting the resting spot of mosquitoes in the morning. This is likely an oversimplification, and there is a need for better monitoring of resting mosquitoes. This may improve the target surface for selective spray techniques, which could reduce the cost of IRS while maintaining its effectiveness. Reporting of cost savings should be calculated considering the entire implementation costs, and we provide a cost model for future calculations.
Treespilation: Architecture- and State-Optimised Fermion-to-Qubit Mappings
Authors: Miller Aaron , Glos Adam , Zimborás Zoltán 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Quantum computers hold great promise for efficiently simulating Fermionic systems, benefiting fields like quantum chemistry and materials science.
To achieve this, algorithms typically begin by choosing a Fermion-to-qubit mapping to encode the Fermionic problem in the qubits of a quantum computer.
In this work, we introduce "treespilation," a technique for efficiently mapping Fermionic systems using a large family of favourable tree-based mappings previously introduced by some of the authors.
We use this technique to minimise the number of CNOT gates required to simulate chemical groundstates found numerically using the ADAPT-VQE algorithm.
We observe significant reductions, up to 74%, in CNOT counts on full connectivity and for limited qubit connectivity-type devices such as IBM Eagle and Google Sycamore, we observe similar reductions in CNOT counts.
In many instances, the reductions achieved on these limited connectivity devices even surpass the initial full connectivity CNOT count.
Timing of water use and phosphorus exploitation strategies are promising key traits of Sorghum to maintain biomass and yield production under resource limitations
Authors: Loftus Sara , Schneider Eva M. , Sauer Anna M. , Erugoti Lalitha K. , Murugesan Tharanya , Rötter Reimund P. , Kholová Jana , Ahmed Mutez A. , Dippold Michaela A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aims
Limited access to nutrients and water is leading to yield losses in smallholder farming systems in semi-arid regions. Therefore, crop rotations including legumes as well as utilizing drought-tolerant sorghum varieties might be a strategy to improve access to scarce resources.
Methods
Two early and five late maturing sorghum genotypes were tested to identify stress adaptation traits to water and phosphorus limitations in combination with or without 15N labelled legume pre-crops on a phenotyping platform.
Results
Lower soil P content significantly delayed the time of flowering of all genotypes compared to higher P content, however organic residues could reduce this effect. 15N recovery in sorghum biomass proved the use of pre-crop root residue N in all treatments, although there was only a beneficial pre-crop effect on sorghum biomass and yield under sufficient water supply. Mycorrhizal infection was relevant for plant nutrition at anthesis under low P and showed a positive correlation with 15N recovery and root P content. Drought had the major impact on yield. Early maturing genotypes, with the highest reduction in shoot biomass and adapted transpiration prior flowering, could maintain yield production.
Conclusions
A promising trait combination for nutrient-poor soils in semi-arid areas with high drought risk, seemed to be early-maturing varieties with a high root to shoot ratio, rapid AMF establishment and low transpration (normalized to leaf area Tn) – in this study realized in the early maturing genotype Grinkan. Such genotypes save water prior flowering and reduce their post flowering water stress in combination to their P uptake withstanding low soil availability.
Nutritional quality and diversity in Ghana's School Feeding Programme: A semi-quantitative exploration through caterer interviews in the Greater Accra Region
Authors: Liguori Julia , Amevinya Gideon Senyo , Holdsworth Michelle , Savy Mathilde , Laar Amos 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
The Ghana School Feeding Programme (GSFP) provides public primary school pupils a free daily meal. Each meal is expected to follow set menus to provide 30% of recommended dietary allowance for children (6-12y). This study assesses the nutritional quality and diversity of GSFP meals planned at the district level and provided at the school level, and engages school caterers to identify ways to enhance meal quality.
Methods
A multistage sampling approach was used to select 129 schools implementing the GSFP in six districts of the Greater Accra Region. School caterers were interviewed using a semi-structured guide. District level school menus were collected from the GSFP secretariat. Nutirional quality was evaluated based on nutrient profiling methods: energy density (low < 125kcal/100g; medium 125-225kcal/100g; high > 225kcal/100g) and nutrient density (low < 5%; medium 5–10%; high > 10%). Meal diversity was assessed by a simple count of food groups using a list of 5 groups: cereals, pulses/nuts/seeds, vegetables, fruits, animal-source food. Caterers’ views on programme facilitators and barriers were also explored.
Results
Planned school menus included 14–20 weekly options, composed of eight minimally processed traditional dishes. All meals, except white rice, had a high nutrient density/100g. Energy density was varied (low, n = 2; medium, n = 2; high, n = 4). Meals included only 2 or 3 food groups, mainly starchy staples, pulses/nuts/seeds, and sometimes vegetables. Fruit was never reported. About half of caterers reported deviating from the planned menus: 11.7% served alternative meals, with some including animal-sourced food (17%) and 39.4% repeated meals during the week, often based on starchy staples, influencing overall nutritional quality. Most caterers reported food item cost and lack of food purchase guidelines as barriers to providing school meals, while food safety training and guidelines for food preparation were facilitators.
Conclusions
While school meals are composed of minimally processed, nutrient dense, local foods, none met minimum food group recommendations, a goal that should be prioritised. Caterer compliance to planned menus varied greatly, reflecting recent food price inflation. Upwardly adjusting the current meal allocation of 1.2 cedis (0.22USD) per child per day) could enhance access to more affordable and nutritious foods in school meals.
Effects of drought stress on the physiology, photosynthesis, and anatomical structure of container and bareroot plants of two Camellia oleifera cultivars
Authors: Shu Han-Yu , Liu Yan-Yao , Zhang Xiao-Yan , Tan Xiao-Feng , Li Ze 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Oil-tea tree (Camellia oleifera Abel) is an important high-quality edible oil tree species in China and is also a pioneer afforestation tree species in hilly red soil areas in southern China. It can grow and bear fruit on relatively barren mountains. Although C. oleifera has strong adaptability, long-term drought still affects its normal growth and even causes plant death, which has a serious impact on the afforestation industry.
Results
Under drought stress, the leaf edge of the C. oleifera curled, and the leaf yellowed, drooped, and even withered and died. Moreover, the accumulation of catalase (CAT), soluble sugar (SS) and abscisic acid (ABA) gradually increased, and the CAT activity and SS content increased more in the bareroot-stage seedlings than in the container-stage seedlings. We observed that, compared with the CK treatment, the drought treatment (10 DAT) significantly reduced the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (E), maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), and actual photochemical and quantum efficiency (FPSII). The Pn in the ‘HS-CS’, ‘HS-BS’, ‘HJ-CS’ and ‘HJ-BS’ treatments decreased by 126.68%, 112.33%, 126.08% and 117.22%. We also found that the drought resistance of bareroot-stage plants was greater than that of container-stage plants. After rewatering under drought stress, multiple indices of C. oleifera were greater than normal, and physiological characteristics and anatomical structure were positively related to compensation or overcompensation. At the same time, we also found that the recovery ability of C. oleifera ‘Huashuo’ was greater than ' C. oleifera ‘Huajin’.
Conclusion
The results showed that drought led to yellowing and shrinkage of C. oleifera leaves, reduces photosynthetic efficiency, and ultimately affected the normal growth of C. oleifera materials. In order to prevent this situation, C. oleiferashould reduce drought stress or timely rehydration to maintain the stability of leaf structure, morphology and function. In addition, we found that the drought resistance of bareroot seedlings was greater than that of container seedlings, and the recovery ability of C. oleifera ‘Huashuo’ was stronger than that of C. oleifera ‘Huajin’.
Optimized routing algorithm with AlexNet-ShuffleNet for plant leaf disease and infectious classification in IoT
Authors: Shah Nasim , Gupta Ashutosh , Kumar Arun , Chouhan D S 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In agriculture, utilizing images to detect plant leaf diseases is a vital area in precision farming. Typically, trained professionals physically inspect plant tissues to identify disease range. Nowadays, AI has made foremost paces in detecting and classifying plant diseases. Moreover, Internet of Things (IoT) has several applications, containing Agricultural-IoT (AIoT), which is considered to elevate agricultural yields. This paper intends to develop an approach in IoT for plant disease classification. Initially, simulation of IoT is done and the IoT nodes route sensed plant leaf images by proposed Serial Exponential Golf Optimization Algorithm (SEGOA), which is established by modifying Golf Optimization Algorithm (GOA) using Exponential Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) to the destination, where plant leaf disease detection is executed. To extract the RoI, CNN is used to discover diseased part in plant leaf. Then, plant leaves is classified as healthy and diseased subclasses by employing AlexNet-ShuffleNet. Moreover, the disease types is classified more into fungal/bacterial/viral infection using the AlexNet-ShuffleNet. Performance of adopted work is assessed by utilizing the metrics, such as energy, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Overall outcome of AlexNet-ShuffleNet give a promising result, such as accuracy of 94.6%, sensitivity of 98.7% and specificity of 94%.
Investigation of Spanwise Behavior of a Turbulent Boundary Layer affected by a Micro-Cavity Array
Authors: Severino Gianni F. , Silvestri Anton , Cazzolato Benjamin S. , Arjomandi Maziar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

A micro-cavity array is a micro-perforated plate with strategically placed cavities designed to target and attenuate sweep events present within a turbulent boundary layer. This paper aims to investigate the spanwise behavior of a turbulent boundary layer exposed to micro-perforations by examining the effects a large array (spanning the full width of a flat plate channel) may have on the boundary layer across a locus of spanwise and downstream locations. Air velocity data was obtained experimentally using single-component hot-wire anemometry on a single micro-cavity array geometry. Two distinct free-stream velocities flows were investigated: U∞=12.1 and 19.1 m/s for cases where the array was installed, and one for a canonical flat plate environment. Sixteen locations were investigated downstream of the array, four spanwise and four streamwise, with data between configurations taken at identical locations for the purpose of comparison. The large array has been shown to modify streamwise turbulence intensity and sweep event intensities across almost all locations and Reθ investigated. Across the spanwise direction, there is no evidence to suggest that the micro-cavity array imposes any significant changes in flow characteristics to the boundary layer. Through analysis of the pre-multiplied energy spectra, it was observed that changes in streamwise turbulent kinetic energy stemmed from the near-wall region of the boundary and travel with some lag to the outer region.
Continuum and Discrete Analytical Methods for Vibration and Buckling Eigenvalues Shape Sensitivities
Authors: Gagliardi Giuseppe Maurizio , Kulkarni Mandar D. , Marulo Francesco 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Gradient-based optimization techniques need precise and efficient sensitivities. Numerical sensitivity methods such as finite differences are easy to implement but imprecise and computationally inefficient. In contrast, analytical sensitivity methods, such as the discrete and continuum ones are highly accurate and efficient. Continuum Sensitivity Analysis (CSA) is an analytical method used to calculate derivatives of shape or value parameters. While CSA has been successfully applied in static analysis and dynamic problems in the time domain, this work presents an extension of the approach to eigenvalue sensitivities for the first time. However, CSA revealed limitations, prompting the exploration of an alternative approach based on discrete analytical differentiation. This method is employed for the first time in shape sensitivities. The derivatives of the stiffness and mass matrices required by the method are calculated analytically, resulting in high accuracy and computational efficiency. In addition, an element-agnostic approach has been developed leveraging primary analysis matrices to calculate their derivative. This characteristic, along with the nonintrusivity, makes the method employable with standard commercial software. Both approaches have been applied and validated in a wide range of scenarios, involving vibration and buckling problems.
Granulometric and Geochemical Distribution of Arsenic in a Mining Environmental Liability in a Semi-arid Area
Authors: Sánchez Francisco Javier Mora , Gómez-Álvarez Agustín , Encinas-Romero Martín , Valenzuela-García Jesús , Jara-Marini Martín , Encinas-Soto Kareen , Villalba-Atondo Arturo , Dórame-Carreño Guadalupe 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The present study refers to the "El Lavadero" tailings deposit, considered a mining environmental liability (MEL), located near San Felipe de Jesús town, Sonora, in northwest Mexico; the objective was to determine the total arsenic (As) content, its granulometric and geochemical distribution, and its mobilization capacity and bioavailability. The results in the oxidized and unoxidized tailings indicated low pH (potential of hydrogen) values (2.4–5.7) and elevated concentrations of total arsenic (8235–36,004 mg kg− 1), which predominated in the finer granulometric fractions (< 0.05 mm). Arsenic also prevails in agricultural soil's finest fraction (> 2 mm). The above may represent adverse environmental effects because these particles can be transported and suspended in water media. Regarding the effluent sediments, arsenic prevails in the coarsest fraction (> 2 mm). A significant percentage of As (5–40%) was observed in the tailings (oxidized and unoxidized) distributed in the non-residual geochemical fraction (fraction I + fraction II + fraction III) (1106–7675 mg kg-1), indicating a potential for mobilization and bioavailability. Depending on the environmental conditions (redox potential (Eh) and pH), As can redissolve and present high mobility in abiotic media, potentially having a final impact on the environment and possible effects on human health. Based on the above, it is essential to rehabilitate the "El Lavadero" MEL to avoid a more significant environmental impact. Additionally, the quality of the water from the supply sources surrounding the "El Lavadero" MEL is recommended to be periodically monitored.
Deep neural network-enabled Multifunctional switchable terahertz metamaterial devices
Authors: Li Jing , Cai Rui , Chen Huanyang , Ma BinYi , Wu Qiannan , Li Mengwei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Under the support of deep neural networks (DNN), a multifunctional switchable terahertz metamaterial (THz MMs) device is designed and optimized. This device not only achieves ideal ultra-wideband (UWB) absorption in the THz frequency range but enables dual-functional polarization transformation over UWB. When vanadium dioxide (VO2) is in the metallic state, the device as a UWB absorber with an absorption rate exceeding 90% in the 2.43 ~ 10 THz range, with a relative bandwidth (RBW) of 145.2%, and its wideband absorption performance is insensitive to polarization. When VO2 is in the insulating state, the device can switch to a polarization converter, achieving conversions from linear to cross polarization and from linear to circular polarization in the ranges of 4.58 ~ 10 THz and 4.16 ~ 4.43 THz, respectively. Within the 4.58 ~ 10 THz range, the polarization conversion ratio approaches 100% with an RBW of 74.3%, the polarization rotation angle is near 90°. Within the 4.16 ~ 4.43 THz range, the RBW is 6.29% and the ellipticity ratio approaches 1, Moreover, the effects of incident angle and polarization angle on the operational characteristics are studied. This THz MMs due to its advantages of wide angle, broad bandwidth, and high efficiency, provides valuable references for the research of new multifunctional THz devices.
The genome of a giant clam zooxanthella (Cladocopium infistulum) offers few clues to adaptation as an extracellular symbiont with high thermotolerance
Authors: González-Pech Raúl A. , Shepherd Jihanne , Fuller Zachary L. , LaJeunesse Todd C. , Parkinson John Everett 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Cladocopium infistulum (Symbiodiniaceae) is a dinoflagellate specialized to live in symbiosis with western Pacific giant clams (Tridacnidae). Unlike coral-associated symbionts, which reside within the host cells, C. infistulum inhabits the extracellular spaces of the clam’s digestive diverticula. It is phylogenetically basal to a large species complex of stress-tolerant Cladocopium, many of which are associated with important reef-building corals in the genus Porites. This close phylogenetic relationship may explain why C. infistulum exhibits high thermotolerance relative to other tridacnid symbionts. Moreover, past analyses of microsatellite loci indicated that Cladocopium underwent whole-genome duplication prior to the adaptive radiations that led to its present diversity.
Results
A draft genome assembly of C. infistulum was produced using long- and short-read sequences to explore the genomic basis for adaptations underlying thermotolerance and extracellular symbiosis among dinoflagellates and to look for evidence of genome duplication. Comparison to three other Cladocopium genomes revealed no obvious over-representation of gene groups or families whose functions would be important for maintaining C. infistulum’s unique physiological and ecological properties. Preliminary analyses support the existence of partial or whole-genome duplication among Cladocopium, but additional high-quality genomes are required to substantiate these findings.
Conclusion
Although this investigation of Cladocopium infistulumrevealed no patterns diagnostic of heat tolerance or extracellular symbiosis in terms of overrepresentation of gene functions or genes under selection, it provided a valuable genomic resource for comparative analyses. It also indicates that ecological divergence among dinoflagellate species is partially governed by mechanisms other than gene content. Thus, additional high-quality, multiomic data are needed to explore the molecular basis of key phenotypes among symbiotic microalgae.