bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Categoricity transfer in simple finitary abstract elementary classes
Authors: Hyttinen Tapani , Kesälä Meeri 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe continue our study of finitary abstract elementary classes, defined in [7]. In this paper, we prove a categoricity transfer theorem for a case of simple finitary AECs. We introduce the concepts of weakκ-categoricity and f-primary models to the framework of ℵ0-stable simple finitary AECs with the extension property, whereby we gain the following theorem: Let () be a simple finitary AEC, weakly categorical in some uncountableκ. Then () is weakly categorical in eachλ≥ min. If the class () is also-tame, weakκ-categoricity is equivalent withκ-categoricity in the usual sense.We also discuss the relation between finitary AECs and some other non-elementary frameworks and give several examples.
A combinatory account of internal structure
Authors: Jay Barry , Given-Wilson Thomas 
Published: July 2011

AbstractTraditional combinatory logic uses combinators S and K to represent all Turing-computable functions on natural numbers, but there are Turing-computable functions on the combinators themselves that cannot be so represented, because they access internal structure in ways that S and K cannot. Much of this expressive power is captured by adding a factorisation combinator F. The resulting SF-calculus is structure complete, in that it supports all pattern-matching functions whose patterns are in normal form, including a function that decides structural equality of arbitrary normal forms. A general characterisation of the structure complete, confluent combinatory calculi is given along with some examples. These are able to represent all their Turing-computable functions whose domain is limited to normal forms. The combinator F can be typed using an existential type to represent internal type information.
Classes of Ulm type and coding rank-homogeneous trees in other structures
Authors: Fokina E. , Knight J. F. , Melnikov A. , Quinn S. M. , Safranski C. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe first main result isolates some conditions which fail for the class of graphs and hold for the class of Abelianp-groups, the class of Abelian torsion groups, and the special class of “rank-homogeneous” trees. We consider these conditions as a possible definition of what it means for a class of structures to have “Ulm type”. The result says that there can be no Turing computable embedding of a class not of Ulm type into one of Ulm type. We apply this result to show that there is no Turing computable embedding of the class of graphs into the class of “rank-homogeneous” trees. The second main result says that there is a Turing computable embedding of the class of rank-homogeneous trees into the class of torsion-free Abelian groups. The third main result says that there is a “rank-preserving” Turing computable embedding of the class of rank-homogeneous trees into the class of Boolean algebras. Using this result, we show that there is a computable Boolean algebra of Scott rank.
A new spectrum of recursive models using an amalgamation construction
Authors: Andrews Uri 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe employ an infinite-signature Hrushovski amalgamation construction to yield two results in Recursive Model Theory. The first result, that there exists a strongly minimal theory whose only recursively presentable models are the prime and saturated models, adds a new spectrum to the list of known possible spectra. The second result, that there exists a strongly minimal theory in a finite language whose only recursively presentable model is saturated, gives the second non-trivial example of a spectrum produced in a finite language.
Strengthening prompt simplicity
Authors: Diamondstone David , Ng Keng Meng 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe introduce a natural strengthening of prompt simplicity which we call strong promptness, and study its relationship with existing lowness classes. This notion provides a ≤wtt version of superlow cuppability. We show that every strongly prompt c.e. set is superlow cuppable. Unfortunately, strong promptness is not a Turing degree notion, and so cannot characterize the sets which are superlow cuppable. However, it is a wtt-degree notion, and we show that it characterizes the degrees which satisfy a wtt-degree notion very close to the definition of superlow cuppability.Further, we study the strongly prompt c.e. sets in the context of other notions related promptness, superlowness, and cupping. In particular, we show that every benign cost function has a strongly prompt set which obeys it, providing an analogue to the known result that every cost function with the limit condition has a prompt set which obeys it. We also study the effect that lowness properties have on the behaviour of a set under the join operator. In particular we construct an array noncomputable c.e. set whose join with every low c.e. set is low.
Potential isomorphism of elementary substructures of a strictly stable homogeneous model
Authors: Friedman Sy-David , Hyttinen Tapani , Walczak-Typke Agatha C. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe results herein form part of a larger project to characterize the classification properties of the class of submodels of a homogeneous stable diagram in terms of the solvability (in the sense of [1]) of the potential isomorphism problem for this class of submodels.We restrict ourselves to locally saturated submodels of the monster model , of some power π. We assume that in Gödel's constructive universe , π is a regular cardinal at least the successor of the first cardinal in which , is stable.We show that the collection of pairs of submodels in as above which are potentially isomorphic with respect to certain cardinal-preserving extensions of is equiconstructible with 0#. As 0# is highly “transcendental” over , this provides a very strong statement to the effect that potential isomorphism for this class of models not only fails to be set-theoretically absolute, but is of high (indeed of the highest possible) complexity.The proof uses a novel method that does away with the need for a linear order on the skeleton.
On enveloping type-definable structures
Authors: Milliet Cédric 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe observe simple links between equivalence relations, groups, fields and groupoids (and between preorders, semi-groups, rings and categories), which are type-definable in an arbitrary structure, and apply these observations to the particular context of small and simple structures. Recall that a structure is small if it has countably many n-types with no parameters for each natural number n. We show that a ∅-type-definable group in a small structure is the conjunction of definable groups, and extend the result to semi-groups, fields, rings, categories, groupoids and preorders which are ∅-type-definable in a small structure. For an A-type-definable group GA(where the set A may be infinite) in a small and simple structure, we deduce that(1) if GA is included in some definable set X such that boundedly many translates of GA cover X, then GA is the conjunction of definable groups.(2) for any finite tuple ḡ in GA, there is a definable group containing ḡ.
Forcing Properties of Ideals of Closed Sets
Authors: Sabok Marcin , Zapletal Jindřich 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWith everyσ-idealIon a Polish space we associate theσ-idealI* generated by the closed sets inI. We study the forcing notions of Borel sets modulo the respectiveσ-idealsIandI* and find connections between their forcing properties. To this end, we associate to aσ-ideal on a Polish space an ideal on a countable set and show how forcing properties of the forcing depend on combinatorial properties of the ideal.We also study the1–1 or constantproperty ofσ-ideals, i.e., the property that every Borel function defined on a Borel positive set can be restricted to a positive Borel set on which it either 1–1 or constant. We prove the following dichotomy: ifIis aσ-ideal generated by closed sets, then either the forcingP1adds a Cohen real, or elseIhas the 1–1 or constant property.
Joint Modeling of HCV and HIV Co-Infection among Injecting Drug Users in Italy and Spain Using Individual Cross-Sectional Data
Authors: Del Fava Emanuele , Shkedy Ziv , Hens Niel , Aerts Marc , Suligoi Barbara , Camoni Laura , Vallejo Fernando , Wiessing Lucas , Kretzschmar Mirjam 
Published: July 2011

The aim of the analysis presented in this paper is to study co-infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in injecting drug users (IDUs) using a joint modeling approach that makes use of multivariate statistical methods for current status data.
Using marginal models, we estimate association measures between HCV and HIV infections at individual level, i.e., odds ratios and correlation coefficients, and we regress them against some risk factors, e.g., the length of the injecting career, the age at first injection, the ever sharing of syringes, and the frequency of current injecting. In addition, we fit random-effects models that take into account the individual heterogeneity in the acquisition of the infections. For our analysis, we use cross-sectional data from two independent serological surveys, one carried out in Italy (IT) in 2005 on 856 subjects, and the other in three Spanish (ES) cities, between 2001 and 2003, on 589 subjects.
We found that the infections are positively associated within individuals, e.g., ORIT=2.56 with 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.43, 6.68) and ORES= 2.42, with 95% CI (1.41, 4.30). We found that the odds ratio and the correlation between HCV and HIV infections increase positively with the length of the injecting career. Moreover, they are found to be significantly positive in case IDUs have never shared syringes or report low injecting frequencies. The variance of the individual random effects is positive, e.g., σb2=0.34 (0.14, 0.62), indicating that there is significant individual heterogeneity in the acquisition of the infections.
Our results show that a significant association between HCV and HIV infections within IDUs is related to significant individual heterogeneity in the acquisition of the infections. Indeed, the association between these infections in IDUs who report ever sharing syringes is not significant, which can be explained by a higher homogeneity in their behaviors and, therefore, in their acquisition of the infections.
The Triglyceride-to-HDL Cholesterol Ratio
Authors: Giannini Cosimo , Santoro Nicola , Caprio Sonia , Kim Grace , Lartaud Derek , Shaw Melissa , Pierpont Bridget , Weiss Ram 
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVE
We evaluated whether the triglyceride-to-HDL cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio is associated with insulin resistance (IR) in a large multiethnic cohort of obese youths.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Obese youths (1,452) had an oral glucose tolerance test and a fasting lipid profile. Insulin sensitivity was estimated using the whole body insulin sensitivity index (WBISI) and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-IR and evaluated, in a subgroup of 146 obese youths, by the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. The cohort was divided by ethnicity (612 whites, 357 Hispanics, and 483 African Americans) and then stratified into ethnicity-specific tertiles of TG/HDL-C ratio. Differences across tertiles were evaluated, and the association between the TG/HDL-C ratio and insulin sensitivity (WBISI) was defined by a multiple stepwise linear regression analysis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was determined to calculate the TG/HDL-C ratio cutoff to identify insulin-resistant subjects by ethnicity.

RESULTS
In each ethnic group and across rising tertiles of TG/HDL-C ratio, insulin sensitivity (WBISI) progressively decreased, whereas 2-h glucose and the AUC-glucose progressively increased. The cutoff for TG/HDL-C ratio was 2.27, and the odds of presenting with IR, in youths with TG/HDL-C ratio higher than the cutoff, was 6.023 (95% CI 2.798–12.964; P &lt; 0.001) in white girls and boys, whereas for both Hispanics and African Americans the AUC-ROCs were not significant, thus not allowing the calculation of an optimal cutoff TG/HDL-C value.

CONCLUSIONS
The TG/HDL-C ratio is associated with IR mainly in white obese boys and girls and thus may be used with other risk factors to identify subjects at increased risk of IR-driven morbidity.
Interpretation of interactions of halogenated hydrocarbons with modified silica adsorbent coated with 3-benzylketoimine group silane
Authors: Wawrzyniak Rafał , Wasiak Wiesław 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe paper reports a new group of adsorbents obtained by modification of silica surface with silane containing 3-benzylketoimine groups with bonded Cu(II) and Ni(II) chlorides. The adsorbents obtained were subjected to a chromatographic study to establish the type of adsorbate-adsorbent interactions for aliphatic and aromatic halogenated hydrocarbons used as adsorbates. The following retention parameters were determined: retention factor (k), Kovats retention index (I), specific retention volume (V g), and molecular retention index (ΔM e). Values of the molecular retention index were subjected to complex statistical analysis providing qualitative relations between the adsorbates’ properties and spatial structure and their retention. It was observed that bonding of chlorides of Cu(II) and Ni(II) with the ketoimine groups resulted in an increase of the retention index and the molecular retention index indicating an increase of the adsorbate-adsorbent interaction in comparison with the reference column coated with silane including a 3-benzylketoimine group without transition metal chlorides. Along with the observed increase of the adsorbate-adsorbent interaction, larger difference between the retention indices was observed for both halogenated compounds. This indicates a positive influence of the introduced transition metals on the selectivity of the adsorbate-adsorbent interactions of the examined columns.
One-pot synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyano-4-arylsubstituted tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans catalysed by silica gel-supported polyphosphoric acid (PPA-SiO2) as an efficient and reusable catalyst
Authors: Davoodnia Abolghasem , Allameh Sadegh , Fazli Samineh , Tavakoli-Hoseini Niloofar 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA convenient method for the synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans by a one-pot three-component cyclocondensation of dimedone, aryl aldehydes, and malononitrile in water using silica gel-supported polyphosphoric acid (PPA-SiO2) as an efficient and reusable catalyst is described. The present methodology offers several advantages, such as a simple procedure with ease of handling, short reaction time, high yields, and the absence of any volatile and hazardous organic solvents.
Enzymatic saccharification of cellulose in aqueous-ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dimethylphosphate-DMSO media
Authors: He Yu , Ma Cui , Xia Dong , Ding Liang , Li Liang , Xian Mu 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIonic liquid (IL) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dimethylphosphate ([Emim]DMP) was chosen as an environment-friendly solvent to enzymatically hydrolyze cellulose in situ. Under optimal reaction condition, 80.2 % of cellulose (10 mg mL−1) were converted to glucose in aqueous-IL-DMSO (φ r = 74: 25: 1) media at 55°C in 18 h. Finally, fermentability of the recovered hydrolyzates was evaluated using Saccharomyces cerevisiae which is able to ferment hydrolyzates efficiently, the ethanol production was 0.44 g g−1 of glucose within 24 h of the process. Such information is vital for the saccharification of more complex cellulose materials and for the fermentation of hydrolyzates into biofuel.
Propagation of weak shock waves in a non-ideal gas
Authors: Singh Lal. , Singh Dheerendra , Ram Subedar 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis paper investigates the problem of propagation of planar and non-planar weak shock waves in a non-ideal medium. The mathematical formulation developed in this work leads to a closed system of coupled transport equations which efficiently describes the strength of a shock wave and the first order discontinuities induced behind it. The influence of the parameter of non-idealness and the non planar configuration of the wavefront on the nonlinear distortion, attenuation and shock formation of pulses, are discussed in detail. An analytical expression for the shock formation distance is obtained and a direct comparison between the ideal versus the non ideal gas flow is established. Also, the usual asymptotic decay laws for weak shock are recovered.
Test-Retest Reliability of Measurements of the Center of Pressure Displacement in Quiet Standing and During Maximal Voluntary Body Leaning Among Healthy Elderly Men
Authors: Rafał Stemplewski , Janusz Maciaszek , Wiesław Osiński , Robert Szeklicki 
Published: July 2011

Test-Retest Reliability of Measurements of the Center of Pressure Displacement in Quiet Standing and During Maximal Voluntary Body Leaning Among Healthy Elderly Men
The aim of the study was to evaluate intra- and intersession test-retest reliability for the measurements of centre of pressure displacement in quiet standing and during maximal voluntary body leaning (approximate area of stability limits).
27 elderly men participated in the study (71.4±4.9 of age). Intrasession (4 measurements with two-minute breaks) and intersession (4 measurements one week apart) reliability were examined. Parameters connected to the centre of pressure data (AMTI force platform) were measured during a quiet stance and voluntary body leaning in medio-lateral and anterior-posterior directions (approximate limits of stability). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC2,1 and ICC2, k) were calculated.
In case of quiet standing, only mean velocity of centre of pressure sway provides high reliability in intrasession - ICC2,1 of .84 and ICC2, k of .96, and in intersession - ICC2,1 of .76. Evaluation of limits of stability showed high values of all parameters (maximal and minimal displacement in sagittal and frontal planes, distance between maximal and minimal position of centre of pressure in sagittal and frontal planes and approximated area of stability limits) in intrasession - ICC2,1 between .82 to .96 and ICC2, k between .95 to .99. Similar tendency was observed in the intersession retest.
Average velocity of the centre of pressure is the only parameter that showed a high application value in case of measurements during quiet standing. Parameters related to the stability limits appeared very reliable what proves that this evaluation may have potential application in the clinical practice.
Motor Development of Children and Adolescents Aged 8-16 Years in View of Their Somatic Build and Objective Quality of Life of Their Families
Authors: Puciato Daniel , Mynarski Władysław , Rozpara Michał , Borysiuk Zbigniew , Szyguła Renata 
Published: July 2011

Motor Development of Children and Adolescents Aged 8-16 Years in View of Their Somatic Build and Objective Quality of Life of Their Families
The differences in human motor development are determined by predispositions and living conditions. The aim of the present study was to examine relationships between motor fitness of children and adolescents aged 8-16 years (277 boys and 247 girls), and their somatic build and quality of life of their families. Body height, body mass and skinfold thickness were measured. On the basis of these measurements body mass index (BMI), Rohrer's index and lean body mass (LBM) were calculated. The subjects' physical fitness was also assessed with motor tests: speed of arm movement (plate tapping), agility (10 × 5 m shuttle run), explosive strength of the legs (standing broad jump), trunk strength (situps), explosive strength of the trunk and shoulder girdle (1-kg medicine ball throw), and flexibility (sit and reach) regarded as a morpho-functional predisposition of motor abilities. The standing broad jump results were then used to calculate maximal anaerobic power (MPA). The examination was completed with a questionnaire survey of the children's parents concerning their families' quality of life. On the basis of the parents' answers to the questionnaire, two quality of life indices were constructed: objective quality of life index and subjective quality of life index. Due to the wide age bracket of subjects the sample was divided into two age groups: 8-12 and 13-16-year-olds. The relationships between subjects' motor development, somatic traits and their families' quality of life were examined with the use of multivariate comparative analysis. The level of motor development of studied children was more strongly determined by their somatic build than the quality of life of their families. The most important somatic determinants of the subjects' motor abilities were body height and subcutaneous adiposity. These determinants primarily affected speed and strength abilities of younger school children. Objective quality of life of children's families determined the development of some strength abilities in children aged 8-12 years. No correlations between the subjects' motor development and subjective quality of life of their families were found.
Association of the ACTN3 R577X Polymorphism in Polish Power-Orientated Athletes
Authors: Cięszczyk Paweł , Eider Jerzy , Ostanek Magdalena , Arczewska Aleksandra , Leońska-Duniec Agata , Sawczyn Stanisław , Ficek Krzysztof , Krupecki Krzysztof 
Published: July 2011

Association of the ACTN3 R577X Polymorphism in Polish Power-Orientated Athletes
Alpha-actinins are an ancient family of actin-binding proteins that play structural and regulatory roles in cytoskeletal organization. In skeletal muscle, α-actinin-3 protein is an important structural component of the Z disc, where it anchors actin thin filaments, helping to maintain the myofibrillar array. A common nonsense polymorphism in codon 577 of the ACTN3 gene (R577X) results in α-actinin-3 deficiency in XX homozygotes. Based on knowledge about the role of ACTN3 R557X polymorphism in skeletal muscle function, we postulated that the genetic polymorphism of ACTN3 could also improve sprint and power ability.
We compared genotypic and allelic frequencies of the ACTN3 R557X polymorphism in two groups of men of the same Caucasian descent: 158 power-orientated athletes and 254 volunteers not involved in competitive sport.
The genotype distribution in the group of power-oriented athletes showed significant differences (P=0.008) compared to controls. However, among the investigated subgroups of athletes, only the difference of ACTN3 R577X genotype between sprinters and controls reached statistical significance (P=0.041). The frequencies of the ACTN3 577X allele (30.69% vs. 40.35%; P=0.005) were significantly different in all athletes compared to controls. Our results support the hypothesis that the ACTN3 577XX allele may have some beneficial effect on sprintpower performance, because the ACTN3 XX genotype is significantly reduced in Polish power-oriented athletes compared to controls.
This finding seems to be in agreement with previously reported case-control studies. However, ACTN3 polymorphism as a genetic marker for sport talent identification should be interpreted with great caution.