bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory effect of semaphorin-3A, a known axon guidance molecule, in the human thymocyte migration induced by CXCL12
Authors: Garcia Flavia , Lepelletier Yves , Smaniotto Salete , Hadj-Slimane Réda , Dardenne Mireille , Hermine Olivier , Savino Wilson 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACT
Intrathymic T cell differentiation takes place within the thymic lobules and depends on interactions between developing thymocytes and cells of the thymic microenvironment. Along with differentiation, thymocytes migrate in an oriented progression, which is tightly regulated by a number of interactions, including one mediated by the chemokine CXCL12. It has been shown recently that SEMA-3A, a soluble member of the semaphorin family, is also involved in this human thymocyte migration and can have a chemorepulsive and de-adhesive role. Herein, we study the role of SEMA-3A on the CXCL12-driven migration of human thymocytes. We have shown that SEMA-3A is able to inhibit the chemotaxis triggered by CXCL12. Such an inhibition was seen in respect to immature and mature CD4/CD8-defined thymocyte subsets and can be reverted specifically by neutralizing anti-SEMA-3A mAb. We have also shown that SEMA-3A consistently down-regulates CXCR4 membrane expression in all CD4/CD8-defined thymocyte subsets, and this down-regulation is accompanied by a decrease in the phosphorylation of FAK and ZAP-70 protein kinases. Taken together, these results demonstrate the involvement of SEMA-3A in the regulation of CXCL12-driven human thymocyte migration, where it acts as a physiological antagonist.
Macrophage phagocytosis: effects of environmental pollutants, alcohol, cigarette smoke, and other external factors
Authors: Karavitis John , Kovacs Elizabeth J 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTThe ability of a pathogen to evade host immunity successfully, in contrast to the host's capacity to defend itself against a foreign invader, is a complex struggle, in which eradication of infection is dictated by a robust immunologic response. Often, there are external factors that can alter the outcome by tipping the scale to benefit pathogen establishment rather than resolution by the host's defense system. These external sources, such a cigarettes, alcohol, or environmental pollutants, can negatively influence the effectiveness of the immune system's response to a pathogen. The observed suppression of immune function can be attributed to dysregulated cytokine and chemokine production, the loss of migratory potential, or the inability to phagocytose pathogens by immune cells. This review will focus on the mechanisms involved during the toxin-induced suppression of phagocytosis. The accumulated data support the importance of studying the mechanisms of phagocytosis following exposure to these factors, in that this effect alone cannot only leave the host susceptible to infection but also promote alterations in many other macrophage functions necessary for pathogen clearance and restoration of homeostasis.
Modulating impact of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone on the maturation and function of hematopoietic cells
Authors: Koldehoff Michael , Katzorke Thomas , Wisbrun Natalie C , Propping Dirk , Wohlers Susanne , Bielfeld Peter , Steckel Nina K , Beelen Dietrich W , Elmaagacli Ahmet H 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACThCG hormone is a naturally occurring, immune-modulating agent, which is highly expressed during pregnancy and causes improvements of some autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and Crohn's disease. Little is known about its immune-modulating effects. This study in MNCs of women who received hCG as preconditioning prior to IVF demonstrates that hCG increases anti-inflammatory IL-27 expression and reduces inflammatory IL-17 expression. In addition, we found increased IL-10 levels and elevated numbers of Tregs in peripheral blood of women after hCG application. Rejection of allogeneic skin grafts was delayed in female mice receiving hCG. We conclude that hCG may be useful for the induction of immune tolerance in solid organ transplantation.
THE ELECTROMAGNETIC RESPONSE OF A CONDUCTIVE INHOMOGENEITY IN A LAYERED EARTH
Authors: Lajoie J. J. , West G. F. 
Published: August 2011

A numerical model has been constructed to determine the three‐dimensional electromagnetic fields in the vicinity of a finite, thin, conductive plate buried in a horizontally stratified, conductive environment. The EM source is a rectangular loop. The problem is formulated as an integral equation for the electric field in the plate. However, to avoid certain numerical difficulties, the actual working variables are a pair of scalar potentials which represent divergence‐free and curl‐free current flows in the plate, and whose values are known at the nodes of a rectangular grid. The basic integral equation is then reduced to a set of linear equations which can be solved numerically. The cases modeled are a simulation of the Turam method. The models were a shallow plate and a deep plate in a conductive half‐space, a deep plate in an insulating host rock under a conductive layer, and a deep plate in a conductive host rock under a conductive layer. In all cases, the top of the plate was separated from the overburden, and the conductivities of the plate, layer, and host rock were varied widely. It was found that a conductive overburden layer alone causes a phase rotation and an attenuation of the local anomaly, while a conductive host medium causes, mainly, the addition of a “current gathering” component to the anomaly. The importance of the current gathering effect may vary from negligible to enormous as its amplitude and phase depend strongly on the conductivity of the host rock. When a conductive overburden and a moderately conducting host rock are present, both effects may arise. Anomaly enhancement by a conductive host rock is not likely to be advantageous in most prospecting situations, for while the detectability of a target bedrock conductor goes up, the ability to distinguish its anomaly from other weaker conductors is markedly decreased.
Making the most of evaluation: A mixed methods study in the English NHS
Authors: Salisbury Chris , Stewart Kate , Purdy Sarah , Thorp Helen , Cameron Ailsa , Lart Rachel , Peckham Stephen , Calnan Michael 
Published: August 2011

Objectives: To increase understanding about how evaluations of health policy initiatives are commissioned, conducted and used. Methods: A mapping exercise was conducted to identify evaluation of initiatives promoted by the White Paper ‘Our health, our care, our say’ in the English NHS. All evaluations were subjected to critical appraisal and 21 were purposively selected as case studies, involving documentary analysis and 60 interviews with those commissioning, conducting and affected by the evaluation. Results: Variation in the types of evaluation being undertaken did not reflect the importance of the initiatives being evaluated. Most evaluations collected evidence about uptake, processes of care and users’ perceptions. While some provided useful information about how initiatives could be improved, few provided robust evidence about the benefits or costs of the initiatives. Those who commissioned evaluations had similar concerns to those who conducted them. There was a commitment to the concept of evaluation but little clarity about how findings would be used. Evaluation was often commissioned too late to influence decisions about implementation. Compromises over research design and difficulties collecting data limited the potential to provide robust evidence about benefits. There were tensions between the desire of evaluators for methodological rigour and the needs of service providers for swift, contextually relevant findings. There were concerns about the transparency of methods and results. Conclusions: Considerable public resources are committed to evaluation, but this investment is less productive than it could be. This article specifies several ways in which the use of evaluation of initiatives in health and social care could be improved.
Performance Based Fire Engineering Research of Steel and Composite Structures: A Review of Joint Behaviour
Authors: Wang Yong C 
Published: August 2011

Joints are critical members of a structure at both ambient temperature and in fire. Under fire conditions, joint behaviour has crucial influence on control of fire induced progressive collapse of the structure. Joint behaviour in fire is also considerably more complex than that at ambient temperature, because the joint forces change at elevated temperatures in fire. This paper will present a review of some recent research studies on steel joint behaviour under fire conditions. These studies include temperatures in different components of different types of joint, mechanical behaviour of different joint components, experimental study and numerical modelling of joint behaviour, either as an individual joint or as part of a structure. Afterwards, this paper will present some results of the influence of joint behaviour on structural fire behaviour. Compared with other aspects of steel structural fire behaviour, research on joint behaviour in fire is relatively recent so comprehensive design guides are not yet available. Nevertheless, it is possible to provide some guidance on potential joint influence on improving steel structural fire resistance or reducing the risk of fire-induced progressive structural collapse.
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome Versus Serotonin Syndrome: The Search for a Diagnostic Tool
Authors: Sokoro AbdulRazaq AH , Zivot Joel , Ariano Robert E 
Published: August 2011

Objective: To Evaluate the use of urine dopamine and catecholamine concentrations as diagnostic aids in a patient with neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) in the emergency department setting. Case Summary: A 61-year-old female on multiple medications, Including several antipsychotics, rapidly deteriorated, with fever, lead-pipe rigidity, and decreased level of consciousness. The patient died 20 days after initial presentation to an emergency department. The Naranjo probability scale indicated probable causality for NMS due to quetiapine, haloperidol, and risperidone in this patient, whereas the Naranjo scale assigned only possible causality for serotonin syndrome developing with serotonergic agents. Laboratory investigations of blood and urine revealed elevations in dopamine, metanephrines, and epinephrines, as well as trazodone and risperidone. Serotonin metabolites were not elevated. Discussion: NMS is a rare and potentially severe adverse effect associated with the use of antipsychotic medications. It is mainly characterized by hyperthermia, altered mental state, hemodynamic dysregulation, elevated serum creatine kinase, and rigors. It has been associated with multisystem organ failure potentially leading to rhabdomyolysis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. The prevalence of this syndrome is associated with the use of neuroleptics. Serotonin syndrome is another adverse drug reaction leading to NMS associated with elevated serotonin. II occurs when multiple serotonergic medications are ingested and is associated with rapid onset of altered mental status, myoclonus, and autonomic instability. Differentiating between NMS and serotonin syndrome can be challenging because of their similar clinical presentation. This case highlights the importance of a diagnostic aid being available to help distinguish between the 2 syndromes. Conclusions: We propose that laboratory findings that include dopamine and serotonin metabolites can be used as adjuncts to clinical and prescription histories in the diagnosis of NMS. The use of urinary catecholamine as a diagnostic aid in NMS needs further evaluation.
Is Propensity to Laugh Equivalent to Sense of Humor?
Authors: Thorson James A. 
Published: August 2011

But laughter is weakness, corruption, the foolishness of our flesh. It is the peasant's entertainment, the drunkard's license.… Brother Jorge The Name of the Rose (Eco, 1983, p. 576) Several recent studies using the scales, Situational Humor Response Questionnaire, Coping Humor Scale, and Sense-of-Humor Questionnaire, suggest caution in viewing a measure of the behavioral response of laughter as an assessment of the sense of humor, a multidimensional construct.
Merging of viral concentration waves in retrograde viral transport in axons
Authors: Kuznetsov Andrey 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
This paper develops an analytical solution describing propagation of two viral waves in an axon and applies the obtained analytical solution to investigating the dynamics of merging of these two waves as they move retrogradely toward the neuron body. The viral diffusivity and viral degradation are accounted for in the model. Computational results are presented for two situations: when all dynein motors move with the same velocity and when dynein motor velocity distribution is characterized by a probability density function (pdf). The effect of various model parameters on the time it takes for the waves to merge is discussed. It is proposed that observing the dynamics of wave merging can be used for determining parameters characterizing viral transport, such as the viral diffusivity. This may contribute toward better understanding of viral transport properties and potentially help in developing novel viral detection techniques.
An Art-Based Healing Process: the Aurukun Creative Livelihoods Project at the Wik and Kugu Arts and Craft Centre
Authors: Allain Guy 
Published: August 2011

Objectives: This paper describes the challenges in implementing an innovative arts-based mental health project in a remote Indigenous community. Method: The author (the Art Centre Manager) presents a personal narrative of the development of the Aurukun Creative Livelihoods project. Results: A partnership between an existing arts and mental health project (Creative Recovery) and the Wik and Kugu Arts and Craft Centre is described. This collaboration aims to enhance the emotional and social wellbeing of vulnerable Aboriginal people in a remote Indigenous community in Cape York – Aurukun.
Enabling All Young Australians to Grow up Safe, Happy, Healthy and Resilient: A Collaboration for Young People, Technology and Wellbeing
Authors:   The Collaboration for Young People, Technology and Wellbeing
Published: August 2011

Objective: This paper describes a framework for a multi-disciplinary collaboration to investigate the role of technology for improving young Australians’ mental health and wellbeing. Results: The poor mental health of young Australians poses a significant challenge to Australia's future. Half of all Australians will experience a mental health difficulty in their lifetime and 75% of mental illness has its onset before age 25. Cross-sectoral collaboration is critical for meeting this challenge. In order to establish a world-first multi-partner collaboration, leading researchers and institutes, commercial, non-profit and end-user organization and young people were identified and invited to participate. Together we have developed an international research framework that explores the role of technologies in young people's lives, their potential and how this can be harnessed to address challenges facing young people. This research framework will: (i) conduct empirical research that tests the utility of technology across mental health promotion, prevention, early intervention and treatment and, (ii) translate existing and new knowledge into products and services that help create a generation of safe, happy, healthy and resilient young people. Research undertaken by the Collaboration will be the most comprehensive investigation of technologies’ potential to improve the wellbeing of young people ever conducted, leading to significant benefits for Australian young people and their mental health.
Hip Hopping the Gap – Performing Arts Approaches to Sexual Health Disadvantage In Young People in Remote Settings
Authors: Crouch Alan , Robertson Heather , Fagan Patricia 
Published: August 2011

Objective: Closing the gap in Indigenous health and wellbeing in remote settings in the Torres Strait and Northern Peninsula Area of Far North Queensland (FNQ) includes addressing a well-documented sexual health disadvantage among young people. Community mobilization around the underlying risk factors influencing sexual health is required. Method: Performing-arts-based workshops were conducted in schools and after-school venues in four remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander locations in FNQ in early 2010, to initiate consciousness-raising around the real dimensions of youth sexual health risk. Specific objectives included strengthening operational partnerships at school-level and developing ongoing consultative processes in each location for sexual health reference group development. Results: Results include a significantly strengthened productive partnership with primary and high schools in each location and sixteen production-ready hip hop songs exploring a range of physical, emotional and sexual health themes authored by the students and recorded on site. Additional outcomes included the willingness of community councils and civil society organizations to support local sexual health reference group activity. Conclusions: This initiative, the Indigenous Hip Hop Project, although accompanied by opportunity costs including alternative, more core business uses of staff time and program budget, has demonstrated the power of tapping the creative energy of young people at risk and the potential for mobilizing communities to activism around sexual health disadvantage.
How Can Country, Spirituality, Music and Arts Contribute to Indigenous Mental Health and Wellbeing?
Authors: Guerin Pauline , Guerin Bernard , Tedmanson Deirdre , Clark Yvonne 
Published: August 2011

Objective: Mental health and social and emotional wellbeing (SEWB) have been linked as outcomes of attachment to country, spirituality, and engagement in music and arts, particularly for Indigenous Australians. It is not clear how this occurs, even though the links seem substantial. Method: We explore how mental health and SEWB may be linked to attachment to country, spirituality, and engagement in music and arts by reviewing literature and presenting examples from our research with Indigenous communities. Rather than abstracting, our goal is to describe specific examples encompassing the rich contextual details needed to understand the factors contributing to mental health and SEWB. Results: While engagement in music is often seen as benefiting mental health because thoughts and feelings can be expressed in less public ways, it can also lead to employment and access to economic and social resources. Attachment to country also shows a plethora of positive outcomes which can contribute to mental health and SEWB even when not explicitly aimed at doing so, such as reducing conflictual situations. Conclusions: We conclude that more detailed, contextual research is required to fully explore the links between creative enterprises and mental health and SEWB outcomes.
Integrating Treatment for Mental and Physical Disorders and Substance Misuse in Indigenous Primary Care Settings
Authors: Nagel Tricia , Kavanagh David , Barclay Lesley , Trauer Thomas , Chenhall Richard , Frendin Jennifer , Griffin Carolyn 
Published: August 2011

Objective: Australian Indigenous peoples in remote and rural settings continue to have limited access to treatment for mental illness. Comorbid disorders complicate presentations in primary care where Indigenous youths and perinatal women are at particular risk. Despite this high comorbidity there are few examples of successful models of integrated treatment. This paper outlines these challenges and provides recommendations for practice that derive from recent developments in the Northern Territory. Conclusions: There is a strong need to develop evidence for the effectiveness of integrated and culturally informed individual and service level interventions. We describe the Best practice in Early intervention Assessment and Treatment of depression and substance misuse study which seeks to address this need.
La politique scientifique à Berlin
Authors: Knobloch Eberhard Heinrich 
Published: August 2011

En 1667, le grand électeur Frédéric-Guillaume de Brandebourg publiait un document qui annonçait la fondation d’une cité internationale universitaire de Brandebourg pour les sciences et les arts. Cependant, ce projet ne fut pas réalisé. À cette époque, il existait à Berlin la bibliothèque et le cabinet de raretés du prince électeur. Mais Berlin resta sans université jusqu’au début du xixe siècle. Le fils du grand électeur, l’électeur Frédéric III (devenu le roi Frédéric Ier de Prusse en 1701), établit la Société des sciences de Brandebourg en 1700 qui changea de nom à plusieurs reprises, mais qui existe encore aujourd’hui sous le nom d’Académie des sciences de Berlin-Brandebourg. Leibniz, qui en a élaboré les statuts, devint son premier président encouragé par l’épouse de l’électeur, Sophie-Charlotte. D’autres institutions scientifiques berlinoises ont vu le jour dans le courant du xviiie siècle : l’Observatoire (1709), le Théâtre anatomique (1713), le Collège médico-chirurgical (1724), le Jardin botanique (1744), l’Observatoire chimique (1753). Tandis que le nouveau roi prussien Frédéric-Guillaume Ier dédaignait l’académie leibnizienne, son fils Frédéric II – après l’avoir réorganisée – la baptisa « Académie royale des sciences et belles-lettres », de sorte qu’elle connut un apogée pendant son gouvernement.
Versailles et Philadelphie : Benjamin Franklin et André Michaux
Authors: McClellan III James E. 
Published: August 2011

On ne peut véritablement parler de « politique scientifique », ni pour les colonies anglaises de l’Amérique, ni pour la nouvelle nation américaine indépendante de la fin du xviiie siècle. Néanmoins, pour la cour de Versailles et pour la politique scientifique française de l’époque – la plus développée du moment – cette région fut d’une grande importance.Dans cette intervention, l’exemple bien connu de Benjamin Franklin ne sera que brièvement évoqué, en tant que scientifique et homme politique, pour les liens qu’il sut tisser entre Versailles et Philadelphie. Le cas moins bien connu, mais plus révélateur, d’André Michaux (1746-1802), botaniste du roi envoyé aux États-Unis en 1785 et chargé de renvoyer en France les semis d’arbres américains, retiendra en revanche davantage notre attention.Pour comprendre la mission d’André Michaux pendant son séjour sur le sol américain jusqu’en 1796, il faut le situer dans le contexte de ce que François Regourd et moi-même avons nommé la machine coloniale, cette nébuleuse institutionnelle scientifique, technique et administrative, dévouée à l’expansion coloniale française. Cette machine intégrait toute une gamme d’institutions à son fonctionnement, y compris, dans le cas d’André Michaux, la Maison et les Bâtiments du roi à Versailles, les jardins du Trianon, le Jardin du roi à Paris, et le Jardin royal d’acclimatation à Rambouillet. Les deux jardins fondés par Michaux dans le New Jersey et en Caroline du Sud firent également partie, à leur manière, de cette machine coloniale et de la politique scientifique de la monarchie française.