bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children living with their grandparents: resilience and wellbeing
Authors: Downie Jill M. , Hay David A. , Horner Barbara J. , Wichmann Helen , Hislop Angela L. 
Published: April 2009

Downie JM, Hay DA, Horner BJ, Wichmann H, Hislop AL. Children living with their grandparents: resilience and wellbeing Int J Soc Welfare 2010: 19: 8–22 © 2009 Curtin University of Technology, Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare.A non‐comparative design and mixed‐methods approach was used to examine the resilience and wellbeing of 20 children in the full‐time care of their grandparents. A self‐report measure of self‐concept and emotional wellbeing, and a semi‐structured interview were used to explore the personal experiences and impact of children living with their grandparents. Scores derived from the self‐report measure indicated that the children's self‐worth and emotional health were within the range expected of children of comparative age and sex. Qualitative data, however, suggested a complex emotional environment and a continuum of responses. Analysis revealed three themes that captured broad issues around Emotional health, Material factors, Current issues and Past experiences and Coping strategies. The results of the study reveal the ongoing concerns associated with the children's family circumstances, as well as the notable adaptation and resilience of the children in managing their life experiences.
Suspicious minds: local context and attitude variation across Swedish municipalities
Authors: Sevä Ingemar Johansson 
Published: April 2009

Johansson Sevä I. Suspicious minds: local context and attitude variation across Swedish municipalities Int J Soc Welfare 2010: 19: 225–235 © 2009 The Author(s), Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare.This article investigates whether degree of suspicion of welfare abuse relates to local context in Sweden. It is suggested that certain features of Swedish municipalities can create a local information bias influencing individual suspicion of welfare abuse. Prevalence of social problems and political climate are features of the municipal context having the potential to influence opinion formation. Social problems are captured by local unemployment, social assistance and ill‐health rates. Political climate is captured by electoral support for conservatives. The results indicate that local context can influence suspicion of welfare abuse, contexts where social problems are widespread reduce such suspicion. While local political climate seems important in itself, it also interacts with social problem level, increasing suspicion if a conservative political climate and social problems coexist. While social problems seem to generate less suspicion regarding social policy abuse, they also provide ‘raw material’ for political rhetoric regarding suspicion.
Visitor profile, satisfaction levels and clustering of tourists for decision making in Michoacan, Mexico
Authors: Serrato Marco A. , Tello Juan , Díaz Angel , García Sergio , Castillo Juan C. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe state of Michoacán, one of the states with the lowest economic development in Mexico, has been historically recognized because of its potential for tourism activities. The revenues coming from this economic sector, as well as the number of tourists who visit this state have significantly increased during the last few years. A survey was conducted on tourists who visited Michoacán, in order to determine the visitors' profile and their satisfaction levels during their visit. A cluster analysis was then used to categorize the lifestyle of these tourists into five different segments, to be able to develop the best tourism products, marketing strategies and aid the decision‐making process of government and private organizations related to this sector. A regression analysis was also performed to identify the variables that determine the satisfaction of these tourists. The results are satisfactory in the sense that the actions taken, which were based on this research and led by the Ministry of Tourism of Michoacán and the Ministry of Tourism of Mexico, have attracted more national and international groups, and have also increased the revenues, profits and new investments reported by private organizations related to this economic sector.
Canine mammary gland tumours; a histological continuum from benign to malignant; clinical and histopathological evidence*
Authors: Sorenmo K. U. , Kristiansen V. M. , Cofone M. A. , Shofer F. S. , Breen A.‐M. , Langeland M. , Mongil C. M. , Grondahl A. M. , Teige J. , Goldschmidt M. H. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis study describes the clinical and histopathological findings in dogs with mammary gland tumours, and compares the histopathological and clinical evidence consistent with progression from benign to malignant to human breast cancer epidemiology. Clinical and histopathological data on 90 female dogs with 236 tumours was included. Dogs with malignant tumours were significantly older than dogs with benign tumours (9.5 versus 8.5 years), P = 0.009. Malignant tumours were significantly larger than benign tumours (4.7 versus 2.1 cm), P = 0.0002. Sixty‐six percent had more than one tumour, and evidence of histological progression was noted with increasing tumour size. Dogs with malignant tumours were significantly more likely to develop new primary tumours than dogs with benign tumours, P = 0.015. These findings suggest that canine mammary tumours progress from benign to malignant; malignant tumours may be the end stage of a histological continuum with clinical and histopathological similarities to human breast carcinogenesis.
Reading Florus in early modern England
Authors: Jensen Freyja Cox 
Published: April 2009

AbstractsThe Epitome of Roman History, attributed to Lucius Annaeus Florus, was a key text in the universities of early modern England. This paper seeks to trace the procedures and purposes of early‐modern readers as they used Florus as part of their classical and historical studies. Two manuscript notebooks form the basis of the piece: one dates from the late‐sixteenth century, kept by Samuel Foxe, son of the martyrologist; the other is that of Simonds D'Ewes, dating from around 1620. Both contain lengthy, but significantly selective, notes on Florus. Comparing these notes with the editions available at the time, the paper explores the mutability of texts within the reading process, and looks at what is revealed of the readers' intentions through their parallel and active note‐taking. The paper explores the act of reading as part of the educational system in the Elizabethan and Jacobean period, using contextualizing evidence about tutors' instructions to their students to locate the two notebooks within a framework of ideas about the academic concept of history.
Smart Power
Authors: NYE JOSEPH S. 
Published: April 2009

President Barack Obama pledged in his first TV interview—with the Arab satellite channel Al Arabiya—that America under his watch would “listen with respect and not dictate” to the world. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton has further announced that this country will no longer just throw around its military might but will pursue a “smart power” approach by tempering the use of hard weaponry with the “soft power” of persuasion and cultural attraction. Or, as Madame Secretary's husband Bill has put it, America will now lead through the power of example instead of the example of power.The first exceedingly complex test of Obama's smart power strategy will be how to end George W. Bush's misguided “war on terror” in Afghanistan and Pakistan, keeping al‐Qaida at bay without being swallowed by the quagmire of tribal politics. An array of experts from New Delhi to Paris offers their views in this section.
End the “War on Terror” and Talk to the Taliban
Authors: ROY OLIVIER 
Published: April 2009

President Barack Obama pledged in his first TV interview—with the Arab satellite channel Al Arabiya—that America under his watch would “listen with respect and not dictate” to the world. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton has further announced that this country will no longer just throw around its military might but will pursue a “smart power” approach by tempering the use of hard weaponry with the “soft power” of persuasion and cultural attraction. Or, as Madame Secretary's husband Bill has put it, America will now lead through the power of example instead of the example of power.The first exceedingly complex test of Obama's smart power strategy will be how to end George W. Bush's misguided “war on terror” in Afghanistan and Pakistan, keeping al‐Qaida at bay without being swallowed by the quagmire of tribal politics. An array of experts from New Delhi to Paris offers their views in this section.
Shari'a in Swat: A Dangerous Surrender to Islamists
Authors: ALI AYAAN HIRSI 
Published: April 2009

President Barack Obama pledged in his first TV interview—with the Arab satellite channel Al Arabiya—that America under his watch would “listen with respect and not dictate” to the world. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton has further announced that this country will no longer just throw around its military might but will pursue a “smart power” approach by tempering the use of hard weaponry with the “soft power” of persuasion and cultural attraction. Or, as Madame Secretary's husband Bill has put it, America will now lead through the power of example instead of the example of power.The first exceedingly complex test of Obama's smart power strategy will be how to end George W. Bush's misguided “war on terror” in Afghanistan and Pakistan, keeping al‐Qaida at bay without being swallowed by the quagmire of tribal politics. An array of experts from New Delhi to Paris offers their views in this section.
As Obama Gears Up in Afghanistan, Pakistan Faces Leadership Void
Authors: RASHID AHMED 
Published: April 2009

President Barack Obama pledged in his first TV interview—with the Arab satellite channel Al Arabiya—that America under his watch would “listen with respect and not dictate” to the world. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton has further announced that this country will no longer just throw around its military might but will pursue a “smart power” approach by tempering the use of hard weaponry with the “soft power” of persuasion and cultural attraction. Or, as Madame Secretary's husband Bill has put it, America will now lead through the power of example instead of the example of power.The first exceedingly complex test of Obama's smart power strategy will be how to end George W. Bush's misguided “war on terror” in Afghanistan and Pakistan, keeping al‐Qaida at bay without being swallowed by the quagmire of tribal politics. An array of experts from New Delhi to Paris offers their views in this section.
Beware of Back‐Door Protectionism
Authors: STRAUSS‐KAHN DOMINIQUE 
Published: April 2009

As the global financial crisis emanating from the United States shuts down world markets, can globalization survive? Will the resurgent intrusion of the state—and thus politics—into the market lead to protectionism and collapse, as was the case in the early 20th century? Or will the new interconnectivity of climate change and mutual economic dependence—especially between China and the US—deepen global links?The former mayor of Shanghai, legendary Nobel economist Paul Samuelson and Third Way guru Anthony Giddens ponder those questions in this section.
The Resurrection of Keynes
Authors: SAMUELSON PAUL 
Published: April 2009

As the global financial crisis emanating from the United States shuts down world markets, can globalization survive? Will the resurgent intrusion of the state—and thus politics—into the market lead to protectionism and collapse, as was the case in the early 20th century? Or will the new interconnectivity of climate change and mutual economic dependence—especially between China and the US—deepen global links?The former mayor of Shanghai, legendary Nobel economist Paul Samuelson and Third Way guru Anthony Giddens ponder those questions in this section.
Has the Financial Crisis Killed Consumerism?
Authors: KUNSTLER JAMES HOWARD 
Published: April 2009

As the global financial crisis emanating from the United States shuts down world markets, can globalization survive? Will the resurgent intrusion of the state—and thus politics—into the market lead to protectionism and collapse, as was the case in the early 20th century? Or will the new interconnectivity of climate change and mutual economic dependence—especially between China and the US—deepen global links?The former mayor of Shanghai, legendary Nobel economist Paul Samuelson and Third Way guru Anthony Giddens ponder those questions in this section.
Recession, Climate Change and the Return of Planning
Authors: GIDDENS ANTHONY 
Published: April 2009

As the global financial crisis emanating from the United States shuts down world markets, can globalization survive? Will the resurgent intrusion of the state—and thus politics—into the market lead to protectionism and collapse, as was the case in the early 20th century? Or will the new interconnectivity of climate change and mutual economic dependence—especially between China and the US—deepen global links?The former mayor of Shanghai, legendary Nobel economist Paul Samuelson and Third Way guru Anthony Giddens ponder those questions in this section.
Bring Back the State
Authors: GORBACHEV MIKHAIL 
Published: April 2009

As the global financial crisis emanating from the United States shuts down world markets, can globalization survive? Will the resurgent intrusion of the state—and thus politics—into the market lead to protectionism and collapse, as was the case in the early 20th century? Or will the new interconnectivity of climate change and mutual economic dependence—especially between China and the US—deepen global links?The former mayor of Shanghai, legendary Nobel economist Paul Samuelson and Third Way guru Anthony Giddens ponder those questions in this section.
Patch testing of patients allergic to Disperse Blue 106 and Disperse Blue 124 with thin‐layer chromatograms and purified dyes
Authors: Ryberg Kristina , Goossens An , Isaksson Marléne , Gruvberger Birgitta , Zimerson Erik , Persson Lena , Bruze Magnus 
Published: April 2009

Background:  Former investigations have demonstrated that patch test preparations containing Disperse Blue (DB) 106 and DB 124 are impure.Objective:  To investigate the significance of impurities in preparations of disperse dyes with regard to contact allergy.Materials/methods:  21 patients allergic to DB 106 and/or DB 124 were tested with dilution series of commercial and purified DB 106 and DB 124. All patients were additionally tested with thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) strips made from the commercial preparations containing DB 106 and 18 of them also with TLC strips containing DB 124.Results:  13 of 21 and 12/18 patients tested positively to the strips of DB 106 and DB 124, respectively. Among these patients, 4/13 and 5/12, respectively, did not react to the main spot but reacted to other spots. Dilution series of purified DB 106 and DB 124 were positive in 10 patients each, while 16 and 15 patients, respectively, tested positively to the dilution series of the corresponding commercial disperse dye.Conclusion:  Approximately 25% of the patients, diagnosed as contact allergic to DB 106 and DB 124, only reacted to impurities in the patch test preparations. This has implications for diagnosis and prevention.
Contact allergy in chronic leg ulcers: results of a multicentre study carried out in 423 patients and proposal for an updated series of patch tests
Authors: Barbaud Annick , Collet Evelyne , Le Coz Christophe J. , Meaume Sylvie , Gillois Pierre 
Published: April 2009

Background:  There is a lack of prospective studies investigating contact sensitization in patients with chronic leg ulcers.Objectives:  To determine the frequency of contact sensitization in patients with chronic leg ulcers using a special series of patch tests and to determine whether the number of sensitizations was correlated with the duration of the chronic leg ulcers.Patients/methods:  Multicentre study carried out in patients with chronic leg ulcers; patch tests with the European baseline series and with an additional 34 individual allergens or mixes and 3 commercial products.Results:  Of the 423 patients (301 women, 122 men, mean age 68.5 years) with chronic leg ulcers, 308 (73%) had at least one positive patch test with 3.65 positive patch tests per patient. The main allergens were Myroxylon pereirae (41%), fragrance mix I (26.5%), antiseptics (20%), and corticosteroids (8%). The number of positive tests per patient was not correlated with the cause of ulcer but was increased with the duration of the ulcer with a statistical difference between the group of the <1 year compared with the group >10 years duration.Conclusions:  From this large prospective multicentre study, polysensitization is frequent in patients with chronic leg ulcers, increasing with the duration of the ulcer. We propose avoidance of topical antiseptics and ointments containing perfumes in patients with chronic leg ulcers and an updated patch test series for investigating these patients.
A retrospective review of 20% vs. 10% incremental narrowband UVB regimens to treat psoriasis in skin phototypes III–V Koreans
Authors: Kwon In‐Ho , Woo Seung‐Man , Choi Jung‐Won , Youn Jai‐Il 
Published: April 2009

Background: The optimal incremental dose regimen of narrowband UVB (NBUVB) phototherapy that will provide maximal efficacy and safety has not been determined for patients with brown skin and psoriasis.Objective: To compare 20% and 10% incremental dose regimens of NBUVB phototherapy with respect to efficacy and safety in Korean patients with brown skin and psoriasis whose Fitzpatrick skin phototypes (SPT) are III–V.Method: A retrospective study was designed to compare the 20% and 10% incremental dose groups with respect to the number of sessions, duration of treatment, maximum dose, cumulative dose until response, and adverse effects.Results: The mean number of sessions was significantly lower, the duration of treatment was significantly shorter, and the maximum dose was significantly higher in the 20% incremental dose group. The cumulative dose was not significantly different between the two groups, and there was no statistically significant difference between the groups with respect to the percentage of total adverse effects.Conclusion: Use of a 20% incremental dose regimen could be advantageous over a 10% incremental dose regimen in patients with brown skin and psoriasis because of a faster treatment response and higher efficacy without a significant increase in the risk of adverse effects.
Delayed ultraviolet erythema not suppressed by oral prednisolone: a randomized crossover study
Authors: Muller F. M. , Dawe R. S. , Murdoch R. D. , McHugh S. M. , Marshall R. P. , Sousa A. , Sanderson B. , Ferguson J. 
Published: April 2009

Background: The anti‐inflammatory potency of topical dermatological corticosteroids in suppressing ultraviolet (UV) erythema is routinely measured. No such model exists to assess the potency of systemically administered steroids.Objective: To determine whether or not suppression of delayed UV erythema by a systemic corticosteroid could provide a useful model for assessing the anti‐inflammatory potency of systemic corticosteroids.Methods: We conducted a randomized, placebo‐controlled, patient and assessor blinded, crossover study of oral prednisolone effects on the delayed UV‐induced erythemal response in normal subjects. Six healthy volunteers were phototested with a xenon arc monochromator and then dosed with 30 mg of oral prednisolone or matching placebo daily for 4 days. Repeat phototesting was performed on the 4th day of dosing. The minimal erythema dose (MED) was assessed immediately after test UV doses were administered and 24 h later. After a 2‐week washout period, the dosing and testing were repeated in a crossover fashion.Results: A suppression index (SI) [1/(baseline MED value divided by on prednisolone/placebo value)] allowed comparison of the degree of suppression on and off prednisolone. Oral prednisolone did not significantly suppress the threshold UV erythema response (MED). We may have missed small effects in this study and possibly a larger dose or a longer duration of corticosteroid would have had an effect. Possibly, assessment of corticosteroid potency in suppressing established UV erythema rather than on the development of threshold erythema would have yielded different results.Conclusion: The threshold UV erythema suppression model assessed in this study could not distinguish between oral prednisolone and placebo. This UV‐erythema suppression test system is not promising as a model to test the anti‐inflammatory potency of systemic steroids.
Reappraising the phototoxicity of tretinoin: a report of four controlled clinical trials
Authors: Slade Herbert B. , Shroot Braham , Feldman Steven R. , Cargill D. Innes , Stanfield Joe 
Published: April 2009

Background: Retinoids are photoreactive molecules found in skin and retinal tissue. The use of retinoids in pharmacologic doses, applied topically, raises the potential of phototoxicities. Recent review articles and current US drug labeling indicate that tretinoin is a phototoxin. In developing a new formulation of topical all‐trans‐retinoic acid (tretinoin), formal testing of dermal photoreactions was therefore undertaken.Methods: Four prospective, randomized, and controlled trials were carried out in healthy volunteers at two independent research facilities. Two trials examined phototoxicity following 24 h of drug exposure under occlusion (combined n=51), and two examined photoallergenicity following a 3‐week, six dose induction phase (combined n=72) followed by challenge.Results: No phototoxic or photoallergic reactions occurred with tretinoin 0.05% in a new gel formulation.Conclusion: The findings in these studies are consistent with previous studies of tretinoin in various formulations, and support the conclusion that tretinoin appears to be neither phototoxic nor photoallergenic in vivo.
The Incidence of Invasive Breast Cancer Among Women Prescribed Testosterone for Low Libido
Authors: Davis Susan R. , Wolfe Rory , Farrugia Helen , Ferdinand Angeline , Bell Robin J. 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Although the efficacy of testosterone for the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder is well established, the effect of testosterone therapy on breast cancer risk remains uncertain.

Aim
The incidence of invasive breast cancer among past and current testosterone users.

Methods
Retrospective cohort study of 631 women ever treated with testosterone between January 1989 and December 2007 in a clinical endocrinology practice.

Main Outcome Measure
The incidence of invasive breast cancer since first exposure, and the standardized incidence rate ratio (IRR) calculated using Australian age-specific incidence rates for 2005.

Results
The mean age of the women at first exposure to testosterone therapy was 49.1 ± 8.2 years, median treatment duration, 1.3 years, and mean follow-up of 6.7 ± 4.6 years, providing 4,015 woman-years of follow-up. Twelve cases of invasive breast cancer occurred among 599 women breast cancer-free before treatment, giving an age adjusted IRR of 1.35 (95% confidence interval 0.76–2.38). There was no evidence of an independent effect of duration of exposure on breast cancer risk.

Conclusion
In this study, testosterone use was not associated with a significant increase in breast cancer risk.