bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the Lability of the σ(Pd–S) Bond of Novel Palladacycles with [C(sp2,ferrocene),N,S(thienyl)]– Pincer Ligands
Authors: Pou David , López Concepción , Pérez Sonia , Solans Xavier , Font‐Bardía Mercè , van Leeuwen Piet W. N. M. , van Strijdonck Gino P. F. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe reaction of [(Cp)Fe{(η5‐C5H4)–CH=N–(CH2)n–(C4H3S)}] {Cp = (η5‐C5H5) and n = 1 (1b) or 2 (1c)} with Na2[PdCl4] and NaAcO·3H2O gave [(Cp)Fe{(μ‐η5‐Fe‐η1‐Pd‐C5H3)–CH=N–(CH2)n–(C4H3S)}Cl] {n = 1 (2b) or 2 (2c)} with a [C(sp2,ferrocene),N,S(thienyl)]– ligand. The study of the reactivity of 2b or 2c with PPh3 under different experimental conditions has afforded the isolation of [(Cp)Fe{(μ‐η5‐Fe‐η1‐Pd‐C5H3)–CH=N–(CH2)n–(C4H3S)}Cl(PPh3)] {n = 1 (3b) or 2 (3c)} and[(Cp)Fe{(μ‐η5‐Fe‐η1‐Pd‐C5H3)–CH=N–(CH2)n–(C4H3S)}(PPh3)][BF4] {n = 1 (4b) or 2 (4c)} where 1b or 1c behave as a bidentate [C(sp2,ferrocene),N]– (in 3b and 3c) or as a terdentate [C(sp2,ferrocene),N,S(thienyl)]– (in 4b and 4c) ligand. The crystal structures of 3b·1/2CH2Cl2, 3c·2H2O and 4c·CH2Cl2 confirm the mode of binding of the ligands. The results obtained from these studies and the solution behaviour of 4b and 4c reveal that the σ(Pd–S) bond of 2b, 2c, 4b and 4c is more labile that in [(Cp)Fe{(μ‐η5‐Fe‐η1‐Pd‐C5H3)–CH=N–(C6H4‐2SMe)}Cl] or [(Cp)Fe{(μ‐η5‐Fe‐η1‐Pd‐C5H3)–CH=N–(C6H4‐2SMe)}(PPh3)][BF4] with a [C(sp2,ferrocene),N,S(thioether)]– ligand.
Streptavidin Modified Carbon Nanotube Based Graphite Electrode for Label‐Free Sequence Specific DNA Detection
Authors: Erdem Arzum , Papakonstantinou Pagona , Murphy Hayley , McMullan Martin , Karadeniz Hakan , Sharma Surbhi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDisposable graphite pencil electrodes (PGE) modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)‐streptavidin (STR) conjugates were used for electrochemical monitoring of label‐free DNA hybridization. The surface morphology of PGE electrode before and after hybridization was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to monitor each step of the construction of the DNA biosensor. The biosensor was demonstrated to have excellent selectivity, being able to differentiate complementary sequences from a noncomplementary ones and in addition select the target sequence of DNA from a mixture of other DNA without loss in current sensitivity.
Amperometric Sniffer Based on Electrodes Supported on Ion‐Exchangers for Monitoring the State of Turning Rancid of Lipids
Authors: Toniolo Rosanna , Susmel Sabina , Dossi Nicolò , Pizzariello Andrea , Martinis Marzia , Bontempelli Gino 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA porous gold electrode supported on one face of an ion‐exchange membrane, acting as a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE), is proposed as an amperometric sniffer for monitoring the aldehyde content in the headspace in equilibrium with lipid samples, in order to gain indication of their state of turning rancid It was used as a detector for a flow injection system in which aldehydes were injected, after preconcentration by solid phase microextraction on a SPME fiber from the gas phase standing above thermostated samples and subsequent desorption by heating. Repeatable (±4.5%) sharp peaks were detected over a wide linear concentration range (0.5–200 ppm). A detection limit of about 0.03 ppm was inferred for a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3, referred to hexylaldehyde (used as prototype) dissolved in squalene or vegetable oils samples. This approach was applied to the determination of volatile aldehydes from some partially oxidized cereal oils and the results found were compared with both the corresponding peroxide values and their aldehyde content determined by a conventional spectrophotometric method.
Damping modification factors for SDOF systems subjected to near‐fault, far‐fault and artificial earthquakes
Authors: Hatzigeorgiou George D. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDamping modification factors (DMF) are used in modern seismic codes to adjust elastic response spectral values corresponding to 5% of viscous damping to other higher or lower damping levels. This paper presents a simple and effective procedure to estimate DMF for single‐degree‐of‐freedom systems. Empirical expressions are proposed for displacement, velocity and acceleration response spectra, where four types of soil conditions, from hard rock to soft soil are considered. This study also examines, for the first time, the influence of artificial earthquakes on DMF. Furthermore, natural near‐fault and far‐fault seismic ground motions are considered where it is testified that the fault distance has no impact on DMF. Finally, it confirms that, in contrast to the considerations of many seismic codes, DMF are strongly dependent on the period of structural vibration while there are significant problems of using the same modification factor to estimate maximum displacement, velocity and seismic forces. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numeric simulation of pollutant dispersion by a control‐volume based on finite element method
Authors: Neves Odacir A. , Romão Estaner C. , Campos‐Silva J. B. , Moura Luiz F. M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe dispersion of pollutants in the environment is an issue of great interest as it directly affects air quality, mainly in large cities. Experimental and numerical tools have been used to predict the behavior of pollutant species dispersion in the atmosphere. A software has been developed based on the control‐volume based on the finite element method in order to obtain two‐dimensional simulations of Navier–Stokes equations and heat or mass transportation in regions with obstacles, varying position of the pollutant source. Numeric results of some applications were obtained and, whenever possible, compared with literature results showing satisfactory accordance. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protective role of 17β‐estradiol on medulloblastoma development in Patched1 heterozygous mice
Authors: Mancuso Mariateresa , Leonardi Simona , Ceccarelli Manuela , Pasquali Emanuela , Stefano Ilaria De , Prisco Maria Grazia , Rebessi Simonetta , Tanori Mirella , Scambia Giovanni , Majo Vincenzo Di , Pazzaglia Simonetta , Saran Anna , Gallo Daniela 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMedulloblastoma (MB) is the most common pediatric tumor of the CNS, representing ∼20% of all childhood CNS tumors. Although in recent years many molecular mechanisms that control MB development have been clarified, the effects of biological factors such as sex on this tumor remain to be explained. Epidemiological data, in fact, indicate a significant difference in the incidence of MB between the 2 sexes, with considerably higher susceptibility of males than females. Besides this different susceptibility, female sex is also a significant favorable prognostic factor in MB, with girls having a much better outcome. Despite these literature data, there has been little investigation into estrogen influence on MB development. In our study, we evaluated how hormone deficiency resulting from ovariectomy and hormone replacement influences the development of early and advanced MB stages in Patched1 heterozygous mice, a well‐characterized mouse model of radiation‐induced MB. Susceptibility to MB development was significantly increased in ovariectomized Ptch1+/− females and restored to levels observed in control mice after estrogen replacement. We next investigated the molecular mechanisms by which estrogen might influence tumor progression and show that ERβ, but not ERα, is involved in modulation of MB development by estrogens. Finally, our study shows that a functional interaction between estrogen‐ and IGF‐I‐mediated pathways may be responsible for the effects observed.
A metabonomic approach to chemosensitivity prediction of cisplatin plus 5‐fluorouracil in a human xenograft model of gastric cancer
Authors: Wang Xi , Yan Shi‐Kai , Dai Wei‐Xing , Liu Xin‐Ru , Zhang Wei‐Dong , Wang Jie‐Jun 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe prediction of chemosensitivity is a challenging problem in the management of cancer. In the present study, a metabonomic approach was proposed to assess the feasibility of chemosensitivity prediction in a human xenograft model of gastric cancer. BALB/c‐nu/nu mice were transplanted with MKN‐45 cell line to establish the xenograft model. The mice were then randomized into treatment group (cisplatin and 5‐fluorouracil) and control group (0.9% sodium chloride), and their plasma were collected before treatment. Metabolic profiles of all plasma samples were acquired by using high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with a quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (HPLC/Q‐TOF‐MS). Based on the data of metabolic profiles and k‐Nearest Neighbor algorithm, a prediction model for chemosensitivity was developed and an average accuracy of 90.4% was achieved. In addition, a series of endogenous metabolites, including 1‐acyl‐lysophosphatidycholines, polyunsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives, were determined as potential indicators of chemosensitivity. In conclusion, our results suggest that the proposed metabonomic approach allows effective chemosensitivity prediction in human xenograft model of gastric cancer. The approach presents a new concept in the chemosensitivtiy prediction of cancer and is expected to be developed as a powerful tool in the personalized cancer therapy.
Differential interactions between statins and P‐glycoprotein: Implications for exploiting statins as anticancer agents
Authors: Goard Carolyn A. , Mather Richard G. , Vinepal Balpreet , Clendening James W. , Martirosyan Anna , Boutros Paul C. , Sharom Frances J. , Penn Linda Z. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractStatins, prescribed for decades to control cholesterol, have more recently been shown to have promising anticancer activity. Statins induce tumor‐selective apoptosis by inhibiting the mevalonate (MVA) pathway. In addition, we have recently demonstrated that lovastatin modulates drug accumulation in a MVA‐independent manner in multidrug‐resistant (MDR) tumor cells overexpressing the P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) multidrug transporter. P‐gp‐mediated drug efflux can contribute to chemotherapy failure. However, direct statin‐mediated inhibition of P‐gp in human MDR tumor cells at clinically achievable concentrations remains unexplored. An understanding of these interactions is crucial, both to appreciate differences in the anticancer potential of different statins and to safely and effectively integrate statins into traditional chemotherapy regimens that include P‐gp substrates. Here we evaluate interactions between 4 statins (lovastatin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin and rosuvastatin) and P‐gp, at both the molecular level using purified P‐gp and at the cellular level using human MDR tumor cells. Lovastatin bound directly to purified P‐gp with high affinity and increased doxorubicin accumulation in MDR tumor cells, potentiating DNA damage, growth arrest and apoptosis. By contrast, while atorvastatin inhibited substrate transport by purified P‐gp in proteoliposomes, it had no effect on doxorubicin transport in MDR tumor cells. Finally, fluvastatin and rosuvastatin only interacted with P‐gp in vitro at high concentrations and did not inhibit doxorubicin transport in MDR cells. These differential interactions should be considered when combining statins with traditional chemotherapeutic drugs.
Cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in hepatocellular carcinoma gender disparity
Authors: Ruggieri Anna , Barbati Cristiana , Malorni Walter 
Published: March 2010

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the most common primary liver cancer and one of the most fatal human cancers. Besides alcoholic liver disease as well as genetic and environmental factors, hepatitis B and C viral infections also represent the most important risk factors for onset and development of the disease. In fact, HCC worldwide prevalence varies widely and mirrors the geographical distribution of chronic viral hepatitis. Interestingly, a gender difference was described for this disease: in almost all populations, a male/female ratio averaging between 2:1 and 4:1 was reported. Here, we analyze the implication of cytokines and sex hormones in this issue. Exploiting the emerging knowledge on the possible differential role of hepatitis viruses B and C, we discuss the role of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis dysregulation in the characterization of the molecular mechanisms of gender disparity in the development of HCC.
Polymorphisms in inflammatory pathway genes and their association with colorectal cancer risk
Authors: Frank Bernd , Hoffmeister Michael , Klopp Norman , Illig Thomas , Chang‐Claude Jenny , Brenner Hermann 
Published: March 2010

AbstractChronic inflammation is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC), and polymorphisms in genes regulating inflammatory processes appear to alter the risk for neoplasia and the efficacy of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in CRC chemoprevention. We examined the association between selected inflammation gene polymorphisms and CRC risk. In a large population‐based case‐control study with 1,795 CRC cases and 1,805 controls from the German DACHS study, we evaluated 5 putative functional inflammatory pathway polymorphisms in PRODH, PTGS1 and UBD genes. PTGS1 G213G was significantly associated with an increased CRC risk [odds ratio (OR), 1.19; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03–1.39; p = 0.02] comparing minor allele carriers with major allele homozygotes. This risk estimate was consistent across locations and stages of CRC (range of ORs, 1.15–1.20). Carriage of the minor allele of UBD I68T was significantly associated with advanced stages of CRC and with CRC below 65 years of age (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.04–1.45; p = 0.02 and OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.05–1.67; p = 0.02, respectively). Our results support a role of variants in inflammatory pathway genes in CRC susceptibility and progression.
Concomitant inhibition of AKT and autophagy is required for efficient cisplatin‐induced apoptosis of metastatic skin carcinoma
Authors: Claerhout Sofie , Verschooten Lien , Van Kelst Sofie , De Vos Rita , Proby Charlotte , Agostinis Patrizia , Garmyn Marjan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is one of the most common cancers in the Caucasian population. Although early stages of skin cancer have a high curability and excellent prognosis, advanced cSCC shows resistance to chemotherapy, including cisplatin. The PI3‐K/AKT pathway is known to have a role in both skin cancer development and resistance to therapeutic drugs. In this study, we used isogenic cell lines representing different stages of malignant transformation of the keratinocytes that were derived from dysplastic forehead skin (PM1), primary cutaneous SCC (MET1) and its lymph node metastasis (MET4) of an immunosuppressed patient. We show that skin tumor progression parallels enhanced AKT activation and increased resistance to cisplatin‐induced apoptosis. Pharmacological AKT inhibition, or specific AKT1 knock down, sensitizes the apoptosis‐resistant MET1 and, to a lesser extent, MET4 cells to cisplatin‐mediated cell death. Concomitantly autophagy induction was observed in MET4, as demonstrated by accumulation of the autophagic protein marker LC3‐II, by analysis of full autophagosome maturation process using tandem mRFP‐GFP fluorescence microscopy and by electron microscopy. Counteracting the autophagic process by 3‐methyladenine or specific ATG5 knock down enhanced cytotoxicity of cisplatin combined with AKT inhibitor, thus revealing a key role for autophagy in chemoresistance. Taken together, these results indicate that concomitant inhibition of autophagy is required to increase the therapeutic benefit of AKT inhibition for combination therapy with the standard chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin in advanced skin carcinoma.
Adiponectin and adiponectin receptor in relation to colorectal cancer progression
Authors: Byeon Jeong‐Sik , Jeong Jin‐Yong , Kim Mi Jung , Lee Sun‐Mi , Nam Won‐Hee , Myung Seung‐Jae , Kim Jae Gyu , Yang Suk‐Kyun , Kim Jin‐Ho , Suh Dong Jin 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAlthough obesity is a risk factor for colorectal cancer, the underlying mechanism is not clear. Adiponectin is an adipokine that binds to 2 types of receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2. The plasma concentrations of adiponectin are reduced in obese individuals and adiponectin has been reported to have anticarcinogenic properties. Furthermore, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 have been reported to be expressed in several malignancies. However, little is known about the expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 in colorectal cancer and its clinicopathological implications. In addition, the relationship between adiponectin and colorectal cancer has not yet been determined. Here, we sought to investigate adiponectin and adiponectin receptors in relation to colorectal cancer. AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 immunostaining was detected in 72 and 68% of human colorectal cancer tissue, respectively. AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 expression levels were inversely related to T stage. The lowest AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 expression were detected in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. RT‐PCR also showed the expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 in HCT116 and SW620. MTT assay and TUNEL assay demonstrated the tendency of growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in both cell lines after full‐length adiponectin treatment although statistically insignificant. Microarray analysis revealed several gene responses to full‐length adiponectin, including upregulation of ENDOGL1 and MT1G. In conclusion, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 may be intimately related to the progression of colorectal cancer. Further studies may be warranted to assess adiponectin and its receptors as a novel target for inhibition of colorectal cancer growth.
Imiquimod‐induced clearance of HPV is associated with normalization of immune cell counts in usual type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Terlou Annelinde , Seters Manon van , Kleinjan Alex , Heijmans‐Antonissen Claudia , Santegoets Lindy A.M. , Beckmann Ilse , Beurden Marc van , Helmerhorst Theo J.M. , Blok Leen J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractRecently, we reported on the efficacy of imiquimod for treatment of usual type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (uVIN). A histologic regression of uVIN to normal tissue was observed in 58% of patients. As success of treatment is related to clearance of high‐risk human papilloma virus (HPV), the aim of our study was to assess differences in immune cell counts and in the expression of p16INK4a in VIN tissue before and after imiquimod treatment, in relation to HPV clearance and clinical response. Vulvar tissue samples taken prior to imiquimod treatment and 4 weeks after treatment were tested for the presence of HPV. Previously determined immune cell counts (CD1a, CD207, CD208, CD123/CD11c, CD94, CD4, CD8 and CD25/HLA‐DR) in epidermis and dermis of 25 VIN patients and 19 healthy controls were completed with the counts for CD14 and CD68. The expression of p16INK4a was investigated by immunohistochemistry in 15 patients. Before imiquimod treatment, both HPV cleared and HPV noncleared patients showed mainly in the dermis significantly upregulated immune cell counts compared to healthy controls. However, in patients that cleared HPV and showed histologic regression already 4 weeks after imiquimod treatment, immune cell counts and p16INK4a expression were normalized. In conclusion, our data indicate that imiquimod‐induced clearance of HPV results in normalization of counts for certain immune cells and is strongly correlated with histologic regression of the disease.
Utility of type I procollagen propeptide assays for assessing abnormalities in metabolic bone diseases
Authors: Ebeling Peter R. , Peterson James M. , Riggs B. Lawrence 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
We measured type I procollagen carboxyl-terminal propeptide (PICP) by a commercial radioimmunoassay and amino-terminal propeptide (PINP) by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) developed in our laboratory in serum from 75 normal women, 10 growing girls, 84 normal men, and 197 patients with various metabolic bone diseases. The molar concentrations of serum PINP were 100-fold higher than those of PICP, suggesting differences in the metabolism of PICP and PINP. In normal women, serum PICP values correlated positively with age and serum PINP values correlated negatively with age (r = 0.28 and −0.32, respectively; P = 0.02). In normal men, however, PICP correlated negatively with age (r = −0.32, P = 0.003) whereas PINP did not change. As assessed by Z scores (SD from age- and sex-specific predicted normal mean), changes in serum PICP and PINP values were concordant in hypoparathyroidism (mean Z scores for PICP and PINP, −0.63 and −1.48, respectively) and Cushing's syndrome (0.50 and 0.40) but were discordant in acromegaly (0.78 and −0.68), hyperthyroidism (1.33 and −0.66), untreated postmenopausal osteoporosis (-0.11 and 0.40), fluoride-treated postmenopausal osteoporosis (-0.61 and 1.08), Paget's disease (4.05 and −0.20), and chronic renal failure (1.45 and −0.50). With either assay, deviations from normal were less pronounced than the deviations of concurrently measured serum osteocalcin and bone alkaline phosphatase values. The deviations in these latter two values agreed better with those of PICP than with those of PINP, except in untreated or fluoride-treated osteoporotic patients. We conclude that for assessing abnormalities in bone formation in metabolic bone diseases, assays for serum PICP or PINP generally are inferior to those for serum osteocalcin and bone alkaline phosphatase.
A histochemical study of acid phosphatases in medullary bone matrix and osteoclasts in laying Japanese quail
Authors: Dr. Yamamoto Toshio , Nagai Hiroshi 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Acid phosphatase activity in medullary bone matrix and osteoclasts of laying Japanese quail was examined histochemically. To avoid nonspecific staining, the reactivity of the enzyme was evaluated using both the azo dye method and the lead salt method and nonembedded thick sections and resin-embedded thin sections. The pH of the incubation medium was also varied from the acid range (pH 5.0 and 6.5) to the alkaline range (pH 8.5). Medullary bone osteoclasts contain both tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and fluoride-resistant acid phosphatase (FRAP) activity, and no significant difference in intensity was detected between active and inactive osteoclasts. The entire matrix of medullary bone was positive for tartrate-resistant, fluoride-sensitive acid phosphatase activity. No reaction product was observed in sections incubated in substrate-free and pH 8.5 media. The results demonstrate the existence of FRAP in medullary bone osteoclasts and suggest that medullary bone matrix includes TRAP throughout the matrix.