bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of intrapartum outcome among immigrant women from Ethiopia and the general obstetric population in Israel
Authors: Salim Raed , Mfra Ali , Garmi Gali , Shalev Eliezer 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo compare intrapartum outcome between ethnic Ethiopian women and the general obstetric population in Israel.MethodsIn a retrospective study, computerized data from all Ethiopian women who delivered between January 2004 and August 2011 at a university teaching hospital in Afula, Israel, were assessed. The control group comprised non‐Ethiopian Israeli women, who were matched at a ratio of 1:2 on the basis of deliveries that took place immediately before and after delivery by an Ethiopian woman. The primary outcome was incidence of operative delivery.ResultsDuring the study period, 576 Ethiopian women delivered along with 1152 matched control women. Ethiopian women had a higher incidence of pre‐eclampsia (6.8% versus 4.0%, P = 0.01) and early postpartum hemorrhage (4.3% versus 1.6%, P = 0.003) than control women. After adjustment for potential confounders, the incidence of vacuum or cesarean delivery was significantly higher among Ethiopian than among control women (odds ratio, 1.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.28–2.20; P = 0.002). The incidence of composite major perinatal morbidity, including Erb palsy and cord pH less than 7.1, tended to be higher among Ethiopian women than among control women (2.3% versus 1.1%; P = 0.053).ConclusionAlthough prepartum and intrapartum care are standardized, Ethiopian women had a less favorable intrapartum outcome.
Risk factors for human papillomavirus infection among women in Portugal: The CLEOPATRE Portugal Study
Authors: Pista Angela , de Oliveira Carlos F. , Cunha Maria J. , Paixao Maria T. , Real Odete 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, and medical factors that might predispose women to cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.MethodA cross‐sectional population‐based study was performed. Women aged 18–64 years who attended selected obstetrics and gynecology or sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics in mainland Portugal between February 2008 and March 2009 were recruited, according to an age‐stratified sampling strategy. Liquid‐based cytology samples were analyzed centrally for HPV genotype and for cytologic features. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified risk factors for HPV infection.ResultsAmong the 2326 women evaluated, the crude prevalence of HPV infection was 19.4%. Lifetime number of sexual partners was a strong predictor of HPV infection (odds ratio 5.44 for 5–10 partners versus 1 partner; P < 0.001). Other risk factors were young age (particularly among women aged 20–24 years; P < 0.001); country of birth other than mainland Portugal (P = 0.002); education up to secondary school level (P = 0.010); smoking history (≤ 10 years; P = 0.004); and any STD in the past 12 months (P = 0.052).ConclusionData from the present study may aid identification of women at increased risk of HPV infection and target prevention strategies.Trial registration: National Commission of Data Protection (CNPD) registration number 5346/2007; Sanofi Pasteur MSD study number HPV‐E05.
Neotectonic crustal uplifts as a consequence of mantle fluid infiltration into the lithosphere
Authors: Artyushkov E.V. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
As evidenced by plentiful data, most of the large recent positive topographic features formed as a result of a dramatically accelerated crustal uplift in the Pliocene–Quaternary after a relatively stable period (∼100 Myr in most of the regions). The methods used are illustrated by the well-studied large neotectonic crustal uplifts on the Tibetan Plateau and in the Himalayas. Farther north, neotectonic uplifts with amplitudes of several hundred meters to several kilometers spread over a vast area from Central and Northeast China in the south to the Taimyr Peninsula and Northeastern Asia in the north. They are often attributed to the India–Asia plate collision which began ∼50 Ma.
Most of the uplifts in these regions have formed only during the last few Myr, unaccompanied by significant crustal shortening. Therefore, the large neotectonic crustal uplifts can be explained by a decrease in the lithospheric density. One of the causes was the rapid convective replacement of the lower part of the denser mantle lithosphere by the asthenosphere or mantle plume. This became possible owing to a drastic weakening of the mantle lithosphere under the influence of asthenospheric fluids. In some areas, a considerable asthenospheric top uplift is evidenced by seismic tomography data.
The lower mantle lithosphere (∼50–100 km thick) was replaced by the asthenosphere underneath the neotectonic crustal uplifts of ∼1.0 km in Central Asia. Areas with a thick lithosphere were affected by relatively small neotectonic uplifts, strongly nonuniform in space. They point to metamorphism with mafic-rock expansion in the lower crust upon the infiltration of an asthenospheric fluid. The large crustal uplifts which formed on the continents in the Pliocene and Pleistocene indicate large-scale quasi-synchronic supply of the mantle fluid to their lithosphere.
Non-normal dynamics of time-evolving co-rotating vortex pairs
Authors: Mao X. , Sherwin S. J. , Blackburn H. M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTransient energy growth of disturbances to co-rotating pairs of vortices with axial core flows is investigated in an analysis where vortex core expansion and vortex merging are included by adopting a time-evolving base flow. The dynamics of pairs are compared with those of individual vortices in order to highlight the effect of vortex interaction. Three typical vortex pair cases are studied, with the pairs comprised respectively of individually inviscidly unstable vortices at the streamwise wavenumber that maximizes the individual instabilities, viscously unstable vortices also at the streamwise wavenumber maximizing the individual instabilities and asymptotically stable vortices at streamwise wavenumber zero. For the inviscidly unstable case, the optimal perturbation takes the form of a superposition of two individual helical unstable modes and the optimal energy growth is similar to that predicted for an individual inviscid unstable vortex, while where the individual vortices are viscously unstable, the optimal disturbances within each core have similar spatial distributions to the individually stable case. For both of these cases, time horizons considered are much lower than those required for the merger of the undisturbed vortices. However, for the asymptotically stable case, large linear transient energy growth of optimal perturbations occurs for time horizons corresponding to vortex merging. Linear transient disturbance energy growth exhibited by pairs in this stable case is two to three orders of magnitude larger than that for a corresponding individual vortex. The superposition of the perturbation and the base flow shows that the perturbation has a displacement effect on the vortices in the base flow. Direct numerical simulations of stable pairs seeded by optimal initial perturbations have been carried out and acceleration/delay of vortex merging associated with a dual vortex meandering and vortex breakup related to axially periodic acceleration and delay of vortex merging are observed. For axially invariant cases, the sign of perturbation has an effect, as well as magnitude; the sign dependence relates to whether or not the perturbation adds to or subtracts from the swirl of the base flow. For a two-dimensional perturbation that adds to the swirl of the base flow, seeding with the linear optimal disturbance at a relative energy level $1\ensuremath{\times} 1{0}^{\ensuremath{-} 4} $ induces the pair to move towards each other and approximately halves the time required for merger. Direct numerical simulation shows that the optimal three-dimensional perturbation can induce the vortex system to break up before merging occurs, since the two-dimensional nature of vortex merging is broken by the development of axially periodic perturbations.
Spatial modes of capillary jets, with application to surface stimulation
Authors: Guerrero J. , González H. , García F. J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSurface stimulation of any physical origin (electrohydrodynamic, thermocapillary, etc.) has the goal of generating localized perturbations on the free surface or the velocity field of a capillary jet. Among these perturbations, only the axisymmetric ones are determinant for the jet breakup. Often, the stimulation is weak enough for a linear model to be applicable. Then, the stimulation can be described by means of the Green functions for stresses, both normal and tangential to the interface, the calculations of which are, in addition, uncoupled from the hydrodynamic variables. If a harmonic forcing is applied, these Green functions are combinations of the spatial modes whose associated poles lie inside the appropriate integration contour of the complex wavenumber plane. This is the motivation for a comprehensive enumeration and description of the spatial modes, which has not been done up to now. Modes familiar from a temporal analysis, the dominant and subdominant capillary modes and the hydrodynamic modes, are present, along with modes specific to a spatial analysis. Most of the latter have already been mentioned in the literature for inviscid jets, but not analysed. A mode not previously found is reported. In addition, a description of the velocity field associated with each mode is provided, as a tool to understand their physical origin and behaviour. The relative importance of each mode in both normal- and tangential-stress stimulations is discussed. Finally, the well-known merging of poles below a critical jet velocity, leading to absolute instability, is analysed in the light of the modal description.
Internationalisation with the use of Arctic indigeneity: the case of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russia
Authors: Maj Emilie 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTOver a period of 70 years, the lifestyles and belief systems of indigenous Siberian peoples were transformed by Soviet policy, based on the idea of assimilation and homogenisation of the peoples in its territory, in compliance with the idea of a ‘people's friendship’. The fall of the Soviet Union has given people the opportunity to rebuild their identity, as well as to provide a means of cultural revival for each ethnic community. The case study of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in northern Siberia shows a new relationship, already started during perestroika and developing between the Russian Federation and its peoples. This relationship favours the development of each people's culture within the broader context of their integration into Russian society. The issue of the instrumentalisation of indigenous peoples’ cultural and religious heritage is part of a broader picture of a global affirmation of peoples’ indigenousness. The identification of ethnic Sakha (Yakuts) with other northern peoples is a means of entering the international political arena, pushing far away the geopolitical and cultural boundaries imposed by the Russian Federation and highlighting the idea of a circumpolar civilisation.
Highly skilled migration in the urban Arctic: a Norwegian case study on skilled migrant labour market integration
Authors: Fossland Trine Medby 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTArctic Norway is a region with a shortage of highly skilled professionals and international expertise, in many work sectors. Fast growing cites attract people from other regions and also high skilled migrants. It is a paradox that skilled migrants often fail to get qualified work in the local labour market. To understand this and to capture the complexity of labour market participation, this article draws on interviews with recruitment agencies and highly skilled migrants, attending a recruitment programme initiated by the ‘Confederation of Norwegian Business and Industry in Norway’. This paper draws on recent literature on highly skilled migration and analyses the complex and relational sides of labour market integration for skilled migrants in an urban Arctic town.
Gibbs and equilibrium measures for some families of subshifts
Authors: MEYEROVITCH TOM 
Published: May 2012

AbstractFor subshifts of finite type (SFTs), any equilibrium measure is Gibbs, as long as$f$has$d$-summable variation. This is a theorem of Lanford and Ruelle. Conversely, a theorem of Dobrušin states that for strongly irreducible subshifts, shift-invariant Gibbs measures are equilibrium measures. Here we prove a generalization of the Lanford–Ruelle theorem: for all subshifts, any equilibrium measure for a function with$d$-summable variation is ‘topologically Gibbs’. This is a relaxed notion which coincides with the usual notion of a Gibbs measure for SFTs. In the second part of the paper, we study Gibbs and equilibrium measures for some interesting families of subshifts:$\beta $-shifts, Dyck shifts and Kalikow-type shifts (defined below). In all of these cases, a Lanford–Ruelle-type theorem holds. For each of these families, we provide a specific proof of the result.
Homoclinic points, atoral polynomials, and periodic points of algebraic -actions
Authors: LIND DOUGLAS , SCHMIDT KLAUS , VERBITSKIY EVGENY 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCyclic algebraic ${\mathbb {Z}^{d}}$-actions are defined by ideals of Laurent polynomials in $d$ commuting variables. Such an action is expansive precisely when the complex variety of the ideal is disjoint from the multiplicative $d$-torus. For such expansive actions it is known that the limit of the growth rate of periodic points exists and is equal to the entropy of the action. In an earlier paper the authors extended this result to ideals whose variety intersects the $d$-torus in a finite set. Here we further extend it to the case where the dimension of intersection of the variety with the $d$-torus is at most $d-2$. The main tool is the construction of homoclinic points which decay rapidly enough to be summable.
Postcritical sets and saddle basic sets for Axiom A polynomial skew products on
Authors: NAKANE SHIZUO 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe investigate the link between postcritical behaviors and the relations of saddle basic sets for Axiom A polynomial skew products on $\mathbb {C}^2$, and characterize various properties concerning the three kinds of accumulation sets defined by DeMarco and Hruska [Axiom A polynomial skew products of $\mathbb {C}^2$ and their postcritical sets. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys.28(2008), 1749–1779] in terms of the saddle basic sets. We also give a new example of higher degree.
Gastrointestinal disease outbreaks in cycling events: are preventive measures effective?
Authors: MEXIA R. , VOLD L. , HEIER B. T. , NYGÅRD K. 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYIn 2009, following a bike race, a gastrointestinal illness outbreak affected many participants. A cohort study showed an attack rate of 16·3% with the main risk factor being mud splashes to the face. Considering these findings, in 2010 recommendations to participants in the bike race were issued and environmental control measures were implemented. In 2010, a retrospective cohort study using web-based questionnaires was conducted to measure the use of preventive measures and to assess risk factors associated with gastrointestinal illness. A 69% response rate was achieved and 11721 records analysed, with 572 (attack rate 4·9%) matching the case definition, i.e. participants reporting diarrhoea within 10 days of race. There was a clear increase in the use of mudguards (96·7% reported access to/receiving information on preventive measures) and a significant decrease in gastrointestinal illness. This may indicate that the measures have been effective and should be considered, both in terms of environmental control measures as well as individual measures.
A Phenomenological Analysis of Disaster-Related Experiences in Fire and Emergency Medical Services Personnel
Authors: De Soir Erik , Knarren Marcia , Zech Emmanuelle , Mylle Jacques , Kleber Rolf , van der Hart Onno 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis article explores the experiences of fire and Emergency Medical Services (EMS) personnel during and immediately after a technological event using a phenomenological approach. Personnel engaged in the rescue operations during and immediately after the Ghislenghien gas explosion reflected upon their experiences in their responses to a specially designed, self-reporting questionnaire that included open-ended questions. Firefighters reported more perceived threat and direct exposure to death than did EMS personnel. Qualitative analysis indicates that the central characteristics of this potentially traumatizing event were the suddenness and massiveness of the impact, and the fact that it involved young victims and/or multiple deaths. With regard to emotions, powerlessness, horror, fear, a sense of apocalypse, and grief were experienced by both firefighters and EMS personnel. Firefighters noted that the death of colleagues, the involvement of friends and family, the massive impact, and exposure to the burned victims were most shocking. Emergency Medical Services personnel and in-hospital staff reported the impact, the confrontation with death, the involvement of friends and family, and the pain, suffering, and screaming of burned victims as the most shocking aspects of this event. Qualitative differences in the lived experiences of firefighters, EMS personnel, and in-hospital staff might be explained by differences in life threat, contact with death, and various degrees of training.De Soir E, Knarren M, Zech E, Mylle J, Kleber R, Van der Hart O. A phenomenological analysis of disaster-related experiences in fire and Emergency Medical Services personnel.Prehosp Disaster Med.2012;27(2):1-8.
Increased Capacity to Delay Reward in Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Steinglass Joanna E. , Figner Bernd , Berkowitz Staci , Simpson H. Blair , Weber Elke U. , Walsh B. Timothy 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIndividuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) are often characterized as possessing excessive self-control and are unusual in their ability to reduce or avoid the consumption of palatable foods. This behavior promotes potentially life-threatening weight loss and suggests disturbances in reward processing. We studied whether individuals with AN showed evidence of increased self-control by examining the tendency to delay receipt of a monetary, non-food related, reward. Underweight AN (n= 36) and healthy controls (HC,n= 28) completed a monetary intertemporal choice task measuring delay discounting factor. Individuals with AN reduced the value of a monetary reward over time significantly less than HC (F[1,61] = 5.03;p= 0.029). Secondary analyses indicated that the restricting subtype of AN, in particular, showed significantly less discounting than HC (F[1,46] = 8.3;p= 0.006). These findings indicate that some individuals with AN show less temporal discounting than HC, suggestive of enhanced self-control that is not limited to food consumption. This is in contrast to other psychiatric disorders, for example, substance abuse, which are characterized by greater discounting. Though preliminary, these findings suggest that excessive self-control may contribute to pathological processes and individuals with AN may have neuropsychological characteristics that enhance their ability to delay reward and thereby may help to maintain persistent food restriction. (JINS, 2012,18, 1–8)
International trade of organic food: Evidence of US imports
Authors: Oberholtzer Lydia , Dimitri Carolyn , Jaenicke Edward C. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractOver the past decade, organic food sales and farmland have grown rapidly worldwide. As the US market for organic food has expanded, anecdotal evidence indicates that imports of organic food have increased. US organic handlers may be importing to meet consumer demand for out-of-season products, as well as products not grown domestically. Handlers may also be importing organic products that are in short supply or to reduce input costs. This paper provides the first examination of imports of organic products into the USA. Data from a national survey of certified organic handlers in 2007 are used to examine the extent, types and origins of imported organic commodities. A Heckman model is employed to investigate the factors that influence an organic handler's decision to import organic products, and the level at which organic handlers import a product. Summary results show that while many of the products being imported into the USA are those that cannot be produced domestically, such as coffee and tropical fruits, some oft-imported commodities are those that can be produced in the USA, such as soybeans, wheat, barley and berries. The summary results also show that organic handlers are procuring almost a half of their imported products from a few countries, including Canada, China, Mexico, Brazil and Indonesia. In the econometric analysis, we found those handlers prioritizing local suppliers negatively affected the facility's decision to import products. The use of a social label, such as Fair Trade, positively affected a handler's decision to import. The size of organic sales was important to both the decision to import and the share imported, with larger firms more likely to import and smaller firms less likely to import. However, once a smaller firm had decided to import, they imported a larger share. Finally, our analysis found that experiencing limited supplies or prioritizing price with suppliers did not influence a handler's decision to import products. Based on the findings, we suggest future research avenues, including studies that address consumer preferences and the impact of increased imports on domestic organic farms.
Rectangular coils optimization for wireless power transmission
Authors: Duan Zhu , Guo Yong‐Xin , Kwong Dim‐Lee 
Published: May 2012

Wirelessly coupled coils are crucial for efficient power transmission in various applications. Previous design methods are only eligible for improving the efficiency of circular or square coils. This paper presents a method of characterizing and optimizing rectangular coils used in inductively coupled systems. After setting up a lumped component model for inductive coils, the efficiency can be expressed in terms of geometrical parameters of the coils. Subsequently, the power efficiency can be plotted versus these parameters in Matlab, thus getting the desired coils for optimum power transfer. With this design procedure from mathematical optimization, we eventually designed two rectangular coils spaced 10 mm apart, which achieves a power transmission efficiency of 46.4% at a frequency of 3 MHz. The design methodology is verified by simulation and measurement.