bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bedside-sensorische-Testungen bei Menschen mit Nackenschmerzen im klinischen Alltag: Äquivalent zur Quantitativen Sensorischen Testung?
Authors: Heidelbach Annika , Dostalová Johanna , Zietz Dörte , Ehrenbrusthoff Katja 
Published: June 2024

Hintergrund Nackenschmerzen gehören zu den häufigsten muskuloskelettalen Erkrankungen des physiotherapeutischen Behandlungsspektrums. Für ein angemessenes Management, v. a. bezüglich der Prognostik und Erfassung zentraler Schmerzprozesse, ist die Beurteilung sensorischer Veränderungen unerlässlich. Bisher ist die Quantitative Sensorische Testung (QST) die einzige Methode, die eine umfassende Bewertung veränderter Sensorik ermöglicht. Es handelt sich dabei jedoch um ein kosten- und zeitaufwendiges Verfahren. Daher besteht Bedarf an einer einfach zu handhabenden und kostengünstigen Alternative.
Ziel Untersuchung der Validität und Reliabilität der Bedside-sensorischen-Testung (BST) bei Menschen mit Nackenschmerzen.
Methode Es handelt sich um ein systematisches Review im Rahmen einer Bachelorarbeit an der Hochschule für Gesundheit Bochum. Die Berichterstattung folgte den Empfehlungen der PRISMA-2020-Checkliste. Im Oktober 2022 wurden die Datenbanken Embase (Ovid), Medline (PubMed), CINAHL (EBSCO), Web of Science und CENTRAL nach Studien durchsucht, die verschiedene BST-Verfahren mit der QST vergleichen. Die methodische Qualität der Studien wurde anhand der COSMIN-Risk-of-Bias-Checkliste bewertet.
Ergebnisse Es wurden 3 Studien mit 286 Patient*innen und 71 Kontrollpersonen einbezogen. Die Hauptergebnisse betrafen die Kriteriumsvalidität der Druckschmerzschwellen (manuelle Druckapplikation: ρ = –0,1 bis –0,37 und φ = 0,11; Stift-Ende: φ = 0,31), Kältedetektionsschwellen (Eisapplikation: ρ = 0,32–0,42; Münze: φ = 0,42) und Kälteschmerzschwellen (Eisapplikation: φ = –0,1; ρ = 0,64–0,65) sowie die Interrater-Reliabilität und die Test-Retest-Reliabilität der Druckschmerzschwellen (ICC = 0,87–0,89 und ICC = 0,75–0,85 für Messprotokolle mit 1–3 Messwiederholungen). Es wurden keine Ergebnisse bzgl. des Messfehlers und der Konstruktvalidität berichtet. Die methodische Qualität der eingeschlossenen Studien reichte von zweifelhaft bis sehr gut. Die Ergebnisse der Studien weisen eine konsistente Qualität der Testgütekriterien sowie eine
positive Bewertung der Reliabilität der BST auf. Dennoch zeigt die BST keine mit der QST vergleichbaren Testgütekriterien.
Schlussfolgerung Gemäß der aktuellen Studienlage kann die BST nicht als gleichwertiges Äquivalent der QST angesehen werden. Es besteht die Notwendigkeit, standardisierte BST-Protokolle zu erstellen und deren Testgütekriterien, insbesondere den Messfehler, zu untersuchen.
The Hallmarks of Endometriosis
Authors: Psilopatis Iason , Burghaus Stefanie , Au Katharina , Hofbeck Louisa , Windischbauer Lisa , Lotz Laura , Beckmann Matthias W. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA heuristic tool called “the hallmarks of cancer” helps to reduce the enormous complexity of cancer phenotypes and genotypes to a preliminary set of guiding principles. Other aspects of cancer have surfaced as possible improvements in our understanding of the disease’s mechanisms. Endometriosis is a gynecological disease condition negatively impacting the quality of life of many women. To date, there is no curative treatment for endometriosis. Therapy is aimed at treating the symptoms using hormone therapy, pain therapy and complementary therapy. Chronic pain and overlapping pain syndromes and illnesses can also be treated with multimodal pain therapy and psychosomatic therapy. Endometriosis is, however, a chronic and complex entity which, in this regard, resembles cancer. The present work investigates the hallmarks of endometriosis with a view to summarizing the current research status and paving new ways for future research projects.
From screen to game: Translating Iron Man 2 cinematics into Spanish
Authors: Rodríguez Fernández-Peña Alfonso Carlos 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This article presents a descriptive empirical study of the Spanish translation of the video game Iron Man
2 (Sega 2010) in reference to its 50 cinematic sequences and its
intertextual consistency across other Iron Man and related texts in the Marvel universe of movies and comic
books. We used Rabadán’s (1991) translemic analysis model to analyze the translation
while Vázquez Rodríguez’s (2016) taxonomy was applied to evaluate translation errors
found in the dialogue script. The analysis shows that roughly one in five of the cinematic scenes contains translation errors. In
addition, we have identified intertextual discrepancies of certain key names in Spanish, which, we argue, could disrupt the game’s
enjoyability. Without access to the exact situational contexts we can only assume a breakdown in the work process, involving
translators, dubbing directors, sound engineers, and QA testers. Additionally, our findings suggest the importance of overseeing
the intertextual dimension across the transmedia franchises for coherent storytelling.
Higher-Order Nonlinear Effects on Optical Soliton Propagation and Their Interactions
Authors: Yi 伊 Houhui 厚会 , Li 李 Xiaofeng 晓凤 , Zhang 张 Junling 俊玲 , Zhang 张 Xin 鑫 , Ma 马 Guoli 国利 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
When pursuing femtosecond-scale ultrashort pulse optical communication, one cannot overlook higher-order nonlinear effects. Based on the fundamental theoretical model of the variable coefficient coupled high-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation, we analytically explore the evolution of optical solitons in the presence of high-order nonlinear effects. Moreover, the interactions between two nearby optical solitons and their transmission in a nonuniform fiber are investigated. The stability of optical soliton transmission and interactions are found to be destroyed to varying degrees due to higher-order nonlinear effects. The outcomes may offer some theoretical references for achieving ultra-high energy optical solitons in the future.
Neutrinos as possible probes for quantum gravity
Authors: Torri M D C , Miramonti L 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we aim to explore the interplay between neutrinos and quantum gravity, illustrating some proposals about the use of these particles as probes for the supposed quantized structure of spacetime. The residual signatures of a more fundamental theory of quantum gravity can manifest themselves modifying the free particle dispersion relations and the connected velocity. In neutrino sector these supposed effects can modify the time of flight for astrophysical particles with different energies and can affect the usual neutrino oscillation pattern introducing species depending perturbations. We will highlight how perturbations caused by non-standard interactions in the solar neutrino sector can mimic the presumed quantum gravity effects. In fact, the mathematical formulation of non-standard interactions is equivalent to that of CPT-odd perturbations. We will, therefore, emphasize the need to identify the nature of different contributions in order to disentangle them in the search for quantum gravity effects. As a final point we will discuss the possibility to detect in the neutrino sector decoherence effects caused by the quantum gravity supposed perturbations. By reviewing current experimental constraints and observations, we seek to shed light on the intricate relationship between neutrinos and quantum gravity, and discuss the challenges and future directions in this fascinating field of research.
Toroidal orders and related phenomena in nonmagnetic and magnetic materials
Authors: Kusunose Hiroaki , Hayami Satoru 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this short article, we overview a concept of electronic toroidal multipoles, and their ordering with associated physical properties in non-magnetic and magnetic materials. The toroidal multipoles are introduced as microscopic electronic variables in view of symmetry and connection to Dirac theory. They are classiﬁed according to crystallographic and magnetic point groups, which allows us to discuss various possible cross correlations in a transparent and uniﬁed manner. The representative examples of toroidal orders and related phenomena, and the mutual relationship between these orders are given, with focusing on monopoles and dipoles. The concept of toroidal multipoles would promote future studies toward observations and identiﬁcations of unknown electronic phases and their related physical phenomena.&#xD;
Adaptive local binarization feature mode decomposition and its application in combined failure identification of rolling bearings
Authors: Ma Ziru , Yu Mingyue , Ge Xiangdong , Wang Yunbo , Qiao Baodong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The combined failure of rolling bearings features weakness and complexity and is hard to recognize precisely. A 1D local binary pattern (1D-LBP) manifests failure information of rolling bearings from textural analysis. However, when signals are quantized with 1D-LBP, the periodic impact feature of fault signal itself will be excluded from consideration and consequently, the fault features will be hard to determine sufficiently. Feature mode decomposition (FMD) is sensitive to the impulse and periodicity of fault signals, but the number of decomposition modes and the length of the filter determines the accuracy of signal decomposition. To solve these problems, an adaptive local binarization FMD (ALBFMD) method is proposed. The ALBFMD method represents compound failure information of rolling bearings from textural feature extraction and inherent features of fault signals. Furthermore, with minimum permutation entropy as a criterion, the number of decomposition modes and the length of the filter of ALBFMD were adaptively determined. Based on the power spectrums of the reconstructed signals, the types of combined faults can be precisely identified. The proposed method is compared with FMD and the variational mode decomposition method and analyzed in different situations. Its superiority in terms of feature extraction and combined failure identification of bearings has been verified.
The design and application of magnetic landmark used for magnetic fiducialization of HEPS insertion devices*
Authors: Men Lingling , Zheng LiFang , Liu Xiaoyang , Dong Lan , Ke Zhiyong , Zhang Luyan , Wang Xiaolong , Li Bo , Wang Tong , Liang Jing , Ma Na , He Zhenqiang , Lu Shang , Yan Luping , Han Yuanying , Yan Haoyue 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Achieving high performance in synchrotron radiation light sources demands increased precision in fiducialization and alignment of insertion devices (IDs). Conventional sensor systems utilizing Hall probes for high-precision magnetic field measurements face limitations in determining the absolute position of the magnetic center of IDs. In this paper, the Magnetic Landmark (MLK), a novel solution based on a magnetized block structure, is designed to address this challenge. The MLK serves as an intermediary, establishing contact between the magnetic center of IDs and their externally accessible fiducials, thus enabling high-precision alignment. Through analysis of magnetic field distribution, self-calibration precision, and practical application of the MLK, the following conclusions are drawn: when the Hall probe is positioned within 0.5 mm of the magnetic field zero point inside the MLK, the measurement accuracy of the zero point for normal and skew quadrupole magnetic fields reaches 7 and 2 μm, respectively. Additionally, the self-measurement accuracy of the MLK is 10 and 4 μm in the transverse and vertical directions, respectively. These accuracies meet our usage requirements. The MLK demonstrates efficacy in aligning the magnetic center of High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) In-air undulators, achieving alignment accuracies of 16 μm in the transverse direction and 11 μm in the vertical direction, surpassing the 30 μm accuracy stipulated in the physical design. Furthermore, the device proves applicable for measuring the magnetic center of other types of HEPS insertion devices, including Cryogenic undulators.
The Batchelor–Howells–Townsend spectrum: large velocity case
Authors: Jolly M S , Wirosoetisno D 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We consider the behaviour of a passive tracer θ governed by

∂
t

θ
+
u
⋅
∇
θ
=
Δ
θ
+
g

in two space dimensions with prescribed smooth random incompressible velocity

u
(
x
,
t
)

and source g(x). In 1959, Batchelor et al (J. Fluid Mech.
5 113) predicted that the tracer (power) spectrum should scale as

|

θ
k

|

2

∝

|

k

|

−
4

|

u
k

|
2

for

|
k
|

above some

κ
¯

(
u
)

, with different behaviour for

|
k

|

≲

κ
¯

(
u
)

predicted earlier by Obukhov and Corrsin. In this paper, we prove that the BHT scaling does indeed hold probabilistically for sufficiently large

|
k
|

, asymptotically up to controlled remainders, using only bounds on the smaller

|
k
|

component.
Tripping on the Moon
Authors: Blanco Philip , Mungan Carl 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Two recent lunar lander missions have toppled over on touchdown. We analyse a simplified model to determine the lateral speed of an object that results in tipping, as a practical example of an inelastic collision that conserves angular momentum. The solution employs rotational dynamics and conservation laws covered in an introductory mechanics course. We suggest further investigations, including simple experiments that can be performed in the teaching laboratory.
Study on the properties of deuterium ions in a composite cathode vacuum arc discharge
Authors: Song Mengmeng , Sun Qiang , Yang Wei , Dong Ye , Zhang Hantian , Wang Ziming , Liu Zhaohui , Zhou Qianhong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A vacuum arc discharge with a metal-deuteride cathode can generate a supersonic deuterium ion jet, which finds important applications in vacuum arc ion sources. In this study, a 1D3V spherical particle-in-cell direct simulation Monte Carlo cathode spot model with a titanium-deuteride cathode is developed to investigate the ionization and acceleration of deuterium ions from vacuum breakdown to the steady-arc stage. The effects of cathode deuteration concentration on the deuterium ion fraction and kinetic energy are also analyzed. The results show that the released deuterium atoms start to be ionized at around tens of nanometers from the cathode and then become fully ionized at about

0.4

μ

m

as the cathode potential drop gradually builds up. The proportion of deuterium ions in the plasma is slightly higher than the proportion of deuterium atoms in the cathode material. Velocity separation of deuterium and titanium ions occurs due to the acceleration of the electric field during the vacuum breakdown stage; however, the predominant ion–ion Coulomb collisions wipe out this separation in the steady-arc stage. Shifting the deuterium atom concentration in the cathode under a constant arc burning voltage produces an approximately equal current density, and increases the velocities of all ion species. A higher ion kinetic energy is gained by reducing the ohmic heating dissipation, facilitated by the lower plasma resistivity under the increased deuterium ion density.
Low contact resistance and high breakdown voltage of AlGaN/GaN HEMT grown on silicon using both AlN/GaN superlattice and Al0.07Ga0.93N back barrier layer
Authors: Hieu Le Trung , Rathaur Shivendra K , Lu Chee-How , Weng You-Chen , Lin Yuan , Lin Chun-Hsiung , Chen Quark Yungsung , Chang Edward Yi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this study, the growth of a high-quality AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) heterostructure on silicon (Si) by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition was investigated by utilizing both the AlN/GaN superlattice (SL) and Al0.07Ga0.93N back barrier (BB) techniques. An atomic force microscope and high-resolution x-ray diffractometer confirm a low surface roughness of 0.26–0.34 nm and the formation of a high-quality AlN/GaN SL and GaN channel. The AlGaN/GaN heterostructures exhibit a high electron mobility of up to 1700 cm2 V−1∙s and a high carrier concentration density of (1.02–1.06 × 1013 cm−2) for both heterostructures. The AlGaN/GaN HEMT devices demonstrate a low specific contact resistivity (ρ
c) of 2.7 × 10−6 Ω·cm2 and a low contact resistance (RC
) of 0.3 Ω·mm for the heterostructure with a BB layer. Furthermore, the DC characteristics demonstrate that incorporating Al0.07Ga0.93N BB in the heterostructure results in a 19.2% increase in lateral breakdown voltage (with a 10 µm spacing) and a 27.5% increase in vertical breakdown voltage (at 1 mA cm−2) compared to heterostructures without Al0.07Ga0.93N BB within the AlN/GaN SL structure. Moreover, an improvement of 10.6% in the maximum saturation current (I
DS) and 15.2% in on-resistance (R
ON) has been achieved for the device fabricated on an Al0.07Ga0.93N BB structure. The insertion loss of the buffer layer improves to −1.40 dB mm−1 at 40 GHz. Consequently, the proposed heterostructure investigated in this study demonstrates suitability for electronic device applications.
Scattering of e
± by H-isonuclear series
Authors: Khatun M Mousumi , Ali M Yousuf , Arafin Sk Abdul Kader , Watabe Hiroshi , Haque A K Fazlul , Uddin M Alfaz 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Calculations are presented for elastic differential and integrated cross-sections like elastic, momentum transfer, viscosity, inelastic, total (elastic + inelastic) and total ionization along with the Sherman functions for electrons and positrons scattering from hydrogen isonuclear series at incident energies from 1 eV to 1 MeV. To describe the scattering from neutral atoms, this work employs the relativistic Dirac partial wave (phase-shift) analysis with a short-range complex optical-potential model (OPM), comprising static, polarization, exchange (for electrons only), and absorption potentials. This potential is supplemented by the modified Coulomb potential for the same purpose for a charged atom. A reasonable agreement is found when we compare our computed results with available experimental data and other theoretical computations.
Temperature evolution in the Early Universe and freeze-in at stronger coupling
Authors: Cosme Catarina , Costa Francesco , Lebedev Oleg 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Dark matter freeze-in at stronger coupling is operative when the Standard Model (SM) bath temperature never exceeds the dark matter mass. An attractive feature of this scenario is that it can be probed by direct detection
experiments as well as at the LHC.
In this work, we show how the mechanism can be realized in a simple UV complete framework, emphasizing the role of the maximal temperature of the SM thermal bath. We demonstrate that the maximal temperature can coincide with the reheating temperature or be close to it such that dark matter production is always Boltzmann-suppressed. This possibility is realized, for example, if the inflaton decays primarily into feebly interacting right-handed neutrinos, which subsequently generate the SM thermal bath. In this case, the SM sector temperature remains constant over cosmological times prior to reheating.
Non-monotonic behavior of jam probability and stretched exponential distribution in pedestrian counterflow
Authors: Chen 陈 Ze-Hao 泽昊 , Wu 吴 Zhi-Xi 枝喜 , Guan 关 Jian-Yue 剑月 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We adopt a floor field cellular automata model to study the statistical properties of bidirectional pedestrian flow moving in a straight corridor. We introduce a game-theoretic framework to deal with the conflict of multiple pedestrians trying to move to the same target location. By means of computer simulations, we show that the complementary cumulative distribution of the time interval between two consecutive pedestrians leaving the corridor can be fitted by a stretched exponential distribution, and surprisingly, the statistical properties of the two types of pedestrian flows are affected differently by the flow ratio, i.e., the ratio of the pedestrians walking toward different directions. We also find that the jam probability exhibits a non-monotonic behavior with the flow ratio, where the worst performance arises at an intermediate flow ratio of around 0.2. Our simulation results are consistent with some empirical observations, which suggest that the peculiar characteristics of the pedestrians may attributed to the anticipation mechanism of collision avoidance.
Optimization of lithium vapor box divertor evaporator location on NSTX-U using SOLPS-ITER
Authors: Emdee E.D. , Goldston R.J. , Khodak A. , Maingi R. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Commercial fusion reactors will be faced with extremely high divertor target heat fluxes that will require mitigation. Simulations of detachment in an NSTX-U scenario projected to have 92 MW m−2 unmitigated peak target heat flux are presented, which reaches sub-10 MW m−2 target heat flux using a highly dissipating lithium vapor box divertor design. The lithium vapor box is a detached divertor design which employs lithium vapor evaporation and condensation to contain lithium below the X-point. Previous SOLPS modeling has indicated a lithium vapor box can reduce the heat flux down to 10 MW m−2 via simultaneous evaporation from the Private Flux Region (PFR) and the Common Flux Region (CFR) sides of the vapor box. It is found here that PFR evaporation has improved access to the separatrix leading to significantly more efficient power dissipation than CFR evaporation. Simulations of target evaporation with an evaporation distribution that is self-consistent with the temperature of a Capillary Porous System with Fast flowing liquid lithium could reach

n
Li

/

n
e

∼

0.025–0.030 at the Last Closed Flux Surface (LCFS) depending on the liquid metal flow speeds and lithium sputtering yield, while PFR-side evaporation can reach acceptable heat fluxes with

n
Li

/

n
e

∼

0.038 at the LCFS. However, PFR evaporator performance can be improved if the target is allowed to be hot enough such that it reflects lithium, reaching

n
Li

/

n
e

∼

0.028 and reducing required lithium evaporation. Ultimately PFR evaporation and target evaporation are found to have similar ability to produce acceptable heat flux solutions with minimal upstream concentration.
Coaxial electrohydrodynamic printing of core–shell microfibrous scaffolds with layer-specific growth factors release for enthesis regeneration
Authors: Bai Lang , Xu Meiguang , Meng Zijie , Qiu Zhennan , Xiu Jintao , Chen Baojun , Han Qian , Liu Qiaonan , He Pei , Wen Nuanyang , He Jiankang , Zhang Jing , Yin Zhanhai 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The rotator cuff tear has emerged as a significant global health concern. However, existing therapies fail to fully restore the intricate bone-to-tendon gradients, resulting in compromised biomechanical functionalities of the reconstructed enthesis tissues. Herein, a tri-layered core–shell microfibrous scaffold with layer-specific growth factors (GFs) release is developed using coaxial electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing for in situ cell recruitment and differentiation to facilitate gradient enthesis tissue repair. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is loaded in the shell, while basic fibroblast GF, transforming GF-beta, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 are loaded in the core of the EHD-printed microfibrous scaffolds in a layer-specific manner. Correspondingly, the tri-layered microfibrous scaffolds have a core–shell fiber size of (25.7 ± 5.1) μm, with a pore size sequentially increasing from (81.5 ± 4.6) μm to (173.3 ± 6.9) μm, and to (388.9 ± 6.9 μm) for the tenogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic instructive layers. A rapid release of embedded GFs is observed within the first 2 d, followed by a faster release of SDF-1 and a slightly slower release of differentiation GFs for approximately four weeks. The coaxial EHD-printed microfibrous scaffolds significantly promote stem cell recruitment and direct their differentiation toward tenocyte, chondrocyte, and osteocyte phenotypes in vitro. When implanted in vivo, the tri-layered core–shell microfibrous scaffolds rapidly restored the biomechanical functions and promoted enthesis tissue regeneration with native-like bone-to-tendon gradients. Our findings suggest that the microfibrous scaffolds with layer-specific GFs release may offer a promising clinical solution for enthesis regeneration.