bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Balancing fatigue damage and turbine performance through innovative pitch control algorithm
Authors: Johnson Scott J. , Larwood Scott , McNerney Gerald , van Dam C.P. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTImprovements to current pitch control strategies are explored by analysing the addition of a dynamic peak‐shaving algorithm, called the load limiting algorithm (LLA). The goal of this dynamic peak‐shaving algorithm is to reduce blade fatigue damage caused by wind gusts without sacrificing energy capture. This paper introduces a multivariate procedure based on the Taguchi method to systematically test different controller configurations and evaluate the algorithm's effectiveness. The LLA was tested through numerical analysis and field experiments. Numerical studies were performed on the Controls Advanced Research Turbine (CART) and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 5 MW model. Field testing was conducted on the CART.The primary metrics of LLA effectiveness were blade fatigue damage, measured in 20 year damage equivalent loads (DEL) for root flap bending and annual energy production (AEP). Numerical results indicate a reduction in weighted flap bending DEL (Flap DEL) for both turbine platforms. The CART demonstrates a reduction of 3.2% with a half‐percent loss in AEP. The LLA is markedly more effective on the NREL 5 MW, demonstrating a reduction of 5–9% in Flap DEL with a drop of 1–3% in AEP. Secondary benefits such as DEL reductions for other components, operating extreme blade loads, and pitch duty cycle were also explored.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A New PVC Membrane Ion Selective Electrode for Determination of Cationic Surfactant in Mouthwash
Authors: Devi Sunaina , Chattopadhyaya Mahesh C. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA new membrane electrode was prepared, using cetylpyridinium chloride based Sn(IV) phosphate (CPC‐SnP) as the electroactive material. The electrode exhibits a linear response for the surfactant cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) in the concentration range 5.0 × 10−3–5.0 × 10−6 mol dm−3 with a slope as a 29.1 mV/decade change in the concentration. The working pH range and the response time for the electrode are 2–6 and 30 s respectively. Selectivity coefficients for several cations were determined. The determination of CPC in mouth wash gave results that compare favorably with those obtained by the two phase titration method. This electrode has been utilized as an indicator electrode in the potentiometric titration of cationic surfactant CPC as well as in direct determination of CPC.
C-reactive protein as a marker of cardiovascular disease in patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder treated in routine medical practice
Authors: Sicras-Mainar A. , Rejas-Gutiérrez J. , Navarro-Artieda R. , Blanca-Tamayo M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectiveInterest in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in schizophrenia has grown recently due to documented incremental mortality. C-reactive protein (CRP) has been assessed as a marker in individuals with CVD and/or at high risk of developing it. However, its role in schizophrenia patients is unknown. The goal of this research was thus to explore the use of CRP as a marker of CVD risk in patients with schizophrenia.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis of the Badalona Serveis Assistencials (BSA) administrative claims database was conducted including all subjects aged > 18 years with a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorder. CRP measurement, sociodemographics, medical history, 10-year CVD risk (Framingham function) and clinical chemistry data were extracted for analysis.ResultsSeven hundred and five patients (53.0% men, 48.2 [15.8] years, 78.7% on atypicals) met criteria for analysis. Mean 10-year CVD risk was high; 11.9 ± 5.7% and mean CRP levels were 2.6 ± 2.5 mg/L with 30.4% showing above-normative levels (> 3 mg/L). After adjusting for age, gender, smoking and presence of neoplasm or inflammatory diseases, CRP was linearly associated with 10-year CVD risk stratified by risk (low, moderate, high/very high): respectively, 2.3 (95% CI: 2.1–2.5), 3.1 (2.6–3.5) and 3.7 (3.2–4.1) mg/L; F = 13.5, P < 0.001. Patients with known CVD also showed higher CRP levels: 3.7 (2.9–4.5) vs. 2.5 (2.4–2.7) mg/L, P = 0.008; and higher probability of above-normal values; odds ratio = 4.71 (2.01–11.04), P < 0.001.ConclusionsHigh CRP levels above normative were associated with both known CVD and high/very high 10-year risk of a CVD event in patients with schizophrenia, suggesting CRP could be a marker of CVD in this psychiatric disorder.
Effects of n‐3 fatty acids on cognitive decline: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial in stable myocardial infarction patients
Authors: Geleijnse Johanna M. , Giltay Erik J. , Kromhout Daan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiological studies suggest a protective effect of n‐3 fatty acids derived from fish (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) against cognitive decline. For α‐linolenic acid (ALA) obtained from vegetable sources, the effect on cognitive decline is unknown. We examined the effect of n‐3 fatty acid supplementation on cognitive decline in coronary heart disease patients.MethodsThe analysis included 2911 coronary patients (78% men) aged 60 to 80 years who participated in a double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial of n‐3 fatty acids and cardiovascular diseases (Alpha Omega Trial). By using a 2 × 2 factorial design, patients were randomly assigned to margarines that provided 400 mg/d of EPA–DHA, 2 g/d of ALA, both EPA–DHA and ALA, or placebo for 40 months. Cognitive function was assessed by the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) at baseline and after 40 months. The effect of n‐3 fatty acids on change in MMSE score was assessed using analysis of variance. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the effects on risk of cognitive decline, defined as a decrease of 3 or more points in MMSE score or incidence of dementia.ResultsPatients in the active treatment groups had an additional intake of 384 mg of EPA–DHA, 1.9 g of ALA, or both. The overall MMSE score in this cohort was 28.3 ± 1.6 points, which decreased by 0.67 ± 2.25 points during follow‐up. Changes in MMSE score during intervention did not differ significantly between EPA–DHA and placebo (−0.65 vs −0.69 points, P = .44) or between ALA and placebo (−0.60 vs −0.74 points, P = .12). The risk of cognitive decline was 1.03 (95% confidence interval: 0.84–1.26, P = .80) for EPA–DHA (vs placebo) and 0.90 (0.74–1.10, P = .31) for ALA (vs placebo).ConclusionThis large intervention study showed no effect of dietary doses of n‐3 fatty acids on global cognitive decline in coronary heart disease patients.
Vortex-induced vibrations of an elastically mounted sphere with three degrees of freedom at Re = 300: hysteresis and vortex shedding modes
Authors: Behara Suresh , Borazjani Iman , Sotiropoulos Fotis 
Published: October 2011

AbstractFluid–structure interaction (FSI) simulations are carried out to investigate vortex-induced vibrations of a sphere, mounted on elastic supports in all three spatial directions. The reduced velocity (${U}^{\ast } $) is systematically varied in the range ${U}^{\ast } = 4\text{{\ndash}} 9$, while the Reynolds number and reduced mass are held fixed at $\mathit{Re}= 300$ and ${m}^{\ast } = 2$, respectively. In the lock-in regime, two distinct branches are observed in the response curve, each corresponding to a distinct type of vortex shedding, namely, hairpin and spiral vortices. While shedding of hairpin vortices has been observed in several previous investigations of stationary and vibrating spheres, the shedding of intertwined, longitudinal spiral vortices in the wake of a vibrating sphere is reported herein for the first time. When the wake is in the hairpin shedding mode, the sphere moves along a linear path in the transverse plane, while when spiral vortices are shed, the sphere vibrates along a circular orbit. In the spiral mode branch, the simulations reveal hysteresis in the response amplitude at the beginning of the lock-in regime. Lower-amplitude vibrations are found as the sphere sheds hairpin vortices for increasing ${U}^{\ast } $ up until the beginning of the synchronization regime. On the other hand, higher-amplitude oscillations persist for the spiral mode as ${U}^{\ast } $ is decreased from the point of the start of the synchronization. The hairpin mode is found to be unstable for the value of reduced velocity where the spiral and hairpin solution branches merge together. When this point is approached along the hairpin solution branch, the sphere naturally transitions from shedding hairpin vortices and moving along a linear path to shedding spiral vortices and moving along a circular path in the transverse plane. The spiral mode was not observed in the work of Horowitz & Williamson (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 651, 2010, pp. 251–294), who studied experimentally the vibration modes of a freely rising or falling sphere and only reported zigzag vibrations. Our results suggest that this apparent discrepancy between experiments and simulations should be attributed to the fact that, for the range of governing parameters considered in the simulations, the elastic supports act to suppress streamwise vibrations, thus subjecting the sphere to a nearly axisymmetric elasticity constraint and enabling it to vibrate transversely along a circular path.
DHA-rich oil modulates the cerebral haemodynamic response to cognitive tasks in healthy young adults: a near IR spectroscopy pilot study
Authors: Jackson Philippa A. , Reay Jonathon L. , Scholey Andrew B. , Kennedy David O. 
Published: October 2011

The impact of dietary n-3 PUFA on behavioural outcomes has been widely researched; however, very little attention has been given to their impact on brain functioning in physiological terms. A total of twenty-two healthy adults took part in this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, wherein the cerebral haemodynamic effects of 12 weeks of daily dietary supplementation with either 1 g DHA-rich or 1 g EPA-rich fish oil (FO) or placebo (1 g olive oil) were assessed. Relative changes in the concentration of oxygenated Hb (oxy-Hb) and deoxygenated Hb were assessed in the prefrontal cortex using near IR spectroscopy (NIRS) during the performance of four computerised cognitive tasks. Supplementation with DHA-rich FO, in comparison with placebo, resulted in a significant increase in the concentrations of oxy-Hb and total levels of Hb, indicative of increased cerebral blood flow (CBF), during the cognitive tasks. In comparison, no effect on CBF was observed following supplementation with EPA-rich FO, where concentration changes in the chromophores followed the same pattern as placebo. These encouraging pilot data warrant further application of NIRS in this area.
d-Fagomine lowers postprandial blood glucose and modulates bacterial adhesion
Authors: Gómez Livia , Molinar-Toribio Eunice , Calvo-Torras María Ángeles , Adelantado Carles , Juan M. Emília , Planas Joana M. , Cañas Xavier , Lozano Carles , Pumarola Sergio , Clapés Pere , Torres Josep Lluís 
Published: October 2011

d-Fagomine is an iminosugar originally isolated from seeds of buckwheat (Fagopyrum sculentumMoench), present in the human diet and now available as a pure crystalline product. We testedd-fagomine for activities connected to a reduction in the risk of developing insulin resistance, becoming overweight and suffering from an excess of potentially pathogenic bacteria. The activities were: intestinal sucrase inhibitionin vitro(rat mucosa and everted intestine sleeves), modulation of postprandial blood glucose in rats, bacterial agglutination and bacterial adhesion to pig intestinal mucosa. When ingested together with sucrose or starch,d-fagomine lowered blood glucose in a dose-dependent manner without stimulating insulin secretion.d-Fagomine reduced the area under the curve (0–120 min) by 20 % (P < 0·01) and shifted the time to maximum blood glucose concentration (Tmax) by 15 min at doses of 1–2 mg/kg body weight when administered together with 1 g sucrose/kg body weight. Moreover,d-fagomine (0·14 mm) agglutinated 60 % of Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli,Salmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium) populations (P < 0·01), while it did not show this effect onBifidobacteriumspp. orLactobacillusspp. At the same concentration,d-fagomine significantly (P < 0·001) inhibited the adhesion of Enterobacteriaceae (95–99 % cells in the supernatant) and promoted the adhesion ofLactobacillus acidophilus(56 % cells in the supernatant) to intestinal mucosa.d-Fagomine did not show any effect on bacterial cell viability. Based on all this evidence,d-fagomine may be used as a dietary ingredient or functional food component to reduce the health risks associated with an excessive intake of fast-digestible carbohydrates, or an excess of potentially pathogenic bacteria.
Management of malignant (necrotising) otitis externa
Authors: Hollis S , Evans K 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAlthough malignant (necrotising) otitis externa is not a common diagnosis, there have been a number of recently reported cases with pathogens other thanPseudomonas aeruginosaas the causative organism. In addition, there are many published reports of resistance to antibiotics in cases of malignant otitis externa caused byPseudomonas aeruginosa. This review aims to assess the cases reported and to clarify the current opinion on the diagnostic criteria and management of such cases.
‘How does that sound?’: objective and subjective voice outcomes following CO2 laser resection for early glottic cancer
Authors: Lester S E , Rigby M H , MacLean M , Taylor S M 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjective:To investigate the effect of transoral laser microsurgery for early glottic cancer on subjective and objective vocal outcome measures.Design:Prospective cohort study.Setting:Tertiary care cancer centre.Participants:All patients scheduled for transoral laser microsurgery for untreated early primary glottic cancer over a 22-month period and offered voice assessment (31 patients; 19 tumour stage one, 12 tumour stage two).Main outcome measures:Fundamental frequency, maximum phonation time, calculated jitter, shimmer and subjective voice rating, analysed by tumour stage.Results:Tumour stage T1 patients had significantly different fundamental frequencies and maximum phonation times at three months post-operatively, compared with pre-operative values; these differences resolved by 12 months. At 12 months, tumour stage T2 patients had significantly shorter maximum phonation times, and all patients reported significantly worse subjective voice ratings, compared with pre-operative values.Conclusion:We found no change in fundamental frequency, jitter and shimmer, one year post-operatively. Maximum phonation time deteriorated but stage one patients appeared to compensate, whereas stage two patients did not. Resection size may be a factor. All patients reported significantly worse subjective voice ratings at one year. Aerodynamic and subjective voice measures appear most sensitive to change in this patient group.
Botulinum toxin for Frey's syndrome: a closer look at different treatment responses
Authors: Steffen A , Rotter N , König I R , Wollenberg B 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjective:Botulinum toxin is a widely accepted, effective treatment for Frey's syndrome. While some patients need only one injection, others require repeated treatments. We aimed to describe the clinical features of patients with a more challenging treatment course.Design:Literature review and retrospective analysis of eight consecutive patients treated at a university hospital.Subjects:These patients' treatment responses were categorised (using our own system) and compared with those of 25 published cases.Results:Combined analysis identified no significant correlation between treatment response and age, gender or the extent of primary salivary gland surgery. There was no significant correlation between botulinum toxin dosage and time between treatments.Conclusion:Frey's syndrome should be viewed as a dynamic process in which the stimulus for aberrant reinnervation of parasympathetic nerve fibres can be reduced, in some patients, with higher botulinum toxin dose injections to the treated areas. However, responses are unpredictable, and relapses may occur at different time points and in different areas.
Effect of Impermeable Boundaries on the Propagation of Rayleigh Waves in an Unsaturated Poroelastic Half-Space
Authors: Chen Y.-S. , Lo W.-C. , Leu J.-M. , Cheng Alexander H.-D. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThis study presents an analytical model for describing propagation of Rayleigh waves along the impermeable surface of an unsaturated poroelastic half-space. This model is based on the existence of the three modes of dilatational waves which employ the poroelastic equations developed for a porous medium containing two immiscible viscous compressible fluids (Lo, Sposito and Majer, [13]). In a two-fluid saturated medium, the three Rayleigh waves induced by the three dilatational waves can be expressed as R1, R2, and R3 waves in descending order of phase speed magnitude. As the excitation frequency and water saturation are given, the dispersion equation of a cubic polynomial can be solved numerically to obtain the phase speeds and attenuation coefficients of the R1, R2, and R3 waves. The numerical results show the phase speed of the R1 wave is frequency independent (non-dispersive). Comparatively, the R1 wave speed is 93 ∼ 95% of the shear wave speed, and 28% to 49% of the first dilatational wave speed for selected frequencies between 50Hz & 200Hz and relative water saturation ranging from 0.01 to 0.99. However, the R2 and R3 waves are dispersive at the frequencies examined. The ratios of R2 and R3 wave phase speeds to the second and third dilatational wave speeds fall between 56% and 90%. The R1 wave attenuates the least while the R3 wave has the highest attenuation coefficient. Furthermore, the phase speed of the R1 wave under an impermeable surface approaches 1.01 ∼ 1.37 times of the R1 wave under a permeable boundary. Impermeability has significant influence on the phase speeds and attenuation coefficients of the R1 and R2 waves at high water saturation due to the existence of confined fluids.
Magnetohydrodynamic Poiseuille-Couette Flow and Heat Transfer in an Inclined Channel
Authors: Umavathi J. C. , Liu I-C. , Kumar J. Prathap 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTAn analysis of the Poiseuille-Couette flow of two immiscible fluids between inclined parallel plates is investigated. One of the fluids is assumed to be electrically conducting while the other fluid and channel walls are assumed to be electrically insulating. The viscous and Ohmic dissipation terms are taken into account in the energy equation. The coupled nonlinear equations are solved both analytically valid for small values of the product of Prandtl number and Eckert number (= ε) and numerically valid for all ε. Solutions for large ε reveal a marked change on the flow and rate of heat transfer. The effects of various parameters such as Hartmann number, Grashof number, angle of inclination, ratios of viscosities, widths and thermal conductivities are presented and discussed in detail.
Effect of a single Dialysis session on plasma Lp(a) levels in patients on Maintenance haemodialysis
Authors: Seshadri Reddy Varikasuvu , Suchitra MM , Reddy Prabhakar , Bitla Aparna , Kumar Siva , Srinivasa Rao PVLN 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Background:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of mortality in End stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on Maintenance haemodialysis (MHD). Lp (a), is a specialized form of glycoprotein-LDL-cholesterol complex and is an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction. The risk is related to its atherogenic and thrombogenic properties. The present study was taken up to evaluate changes in Lp(a) and Lipid profile in patients undergoing hemodialysis session.Methodology:Twenty seven patients with end stage renal disease who were on maintenance hemodialysis were included. Plasma samples were collected hourly during a dialysis session with polysulfone membrane using bicarbonate dialysate. Plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and Lp(a) were estimated on Beckmann CX9 Fully Automated Analyzer using commercial kits. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS for windows version 11.5.

Results:
Results of analysis of variance for repeated measures after correction for hemoconcentration where necessary revealed a decrease in Lp(a) (p=0.022) and triglycerides (p=0.001) levels and no change in cholesterol (p=0.48) levels.Conclusion:Maintenance dialysis program is known to produce Dyslipidemia. Study of Lp(a) in dialysis patients is important as this is an independent risk marker. However there are very few reports on changes in Lp(a) due to the dialysis session. Our findings will be discussed in comparison with other reports.
Effect Of A Dialysis Session On Plasma Branched Chain Aminio Acids In Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Seshadri Reddy Varikasuvu , Srinivasa Rao PVLN , Bitla Aparna , Kumar Siva , Suchitra MM , Reddy Prabhakar 
Published: October 2011

AbstractProtein and amino acid (AA) metabolism is abnormal in End stage renal disease (ESRD). Hemodialysis (HD) procedure is a strong catabolic stimulus. Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) can affect other AA levels by reducing AA efflux from muscle due to inhibition of muscle protein degradation. Essential amino acids and keto acid supplements including BCAA and branched-chain keto acid (BCKA) are proposed to decrease protein intake while maintaining protein status. This study was taken up to evaluate the effect of a dialysis session on plasma BCAA’s for which fifteen patients of ESRD on Maintenance HD, thrice a week were recruited into the study. Analysis was done on samples drawn at the beginning (pre-HD) and after the end of each dialysis session (post-HD). Plasma BCAA’s were estimated by Reverse phase High performance liquid chromatography using pre column derivatization with O-pthalaldehyde-Mercaptoethanol. A significant decrease in plasma concentration of Valine and Isoleucine were observed post-HD compared to the pre-HD levels (p<0.05). After correcting the data by creatinine, the decrease in plasma concentrations of Valine and Isoleucine were still found to be statistically significant. The percentage losses after the completion of HD were –24.45, –23.19, and –6.22% respectively for valine, isoleucine, and leucine. The lower reduction in leucine could be due to its appearance from muscle catabolism during the dialysis session. In conclusion, hemodialysis itself may influence dialysate amino acid losses and may have an effect on muscle protein breakdown and this negative protein can be reversed with nutritional supplementation.
Regulation of tomato fruit ripening.
Authors: Pirrello J. , Regad F. , Latché A. , Pech J. C. , Bouzayen M. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Fruit ripening is a sophisticatedly orchestrated developmental process, unique to plants, that results in major physiological and metabolic changes, ultimately leading to fruit decay and seed dispersal. Because of their strong impact on fruit nutritional and sensory qualities, the ripening-associated changes have been a matter of sustained investigation aiming at unravelling the molecular and genetic basis of fruit ripening. Tomato rapidly emerged as the model of choice for fleshy fruit research and a wealth of genetic resources and genomics tools have been developed, providing new entries into the regulatory mechanisms involved in the triggering and coordination of the ripening process. Some of the key components participating in the control of tomato fruit ripening have been uncovered, but our knowledge of the network of signalling pathways engaged in this complex developmental process remains fragmentary. This review highlights the main advances and emphasizes issues still to be addressed using the rapidly developing 'omics' approaches.