bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Registres discursifs « montrés » de l'espace public à Abidjan : considérations, bavardages, dossiers et autres histoires...
Authors: Leimdorfer François 
Published: May 2010

L’article analyse, à partir d’entretiens auprès de responsables urbains à Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire, 1996-1997) sur l’occupation du domaine et de l’espace public physique, les regroupements et les catégorisations de discours effectués par les locuteurs. Deux champs de pratiques et de discours se dégagent et s’opposent, dans les narrations et descriptions des locuteurs : l’espace des relations sociales « fonctionnelles » (les procédures administratives des autorisations d’occupation de la voirie et des places de marché) et l’espace des relations sociales « personnelles » ou communautaires (les aides apportées aux membres du lignage, de la famille, du village, etc.). Les ensembles sont des registres de discours « montrés », reconnus par les acteurs, à partir de leur pratique et de leur position énonciative. Ces ensembles pratico-discursifs (les procédures légales et les procédures coutumières), selon les locuteurs, s’opposent frontalement ou s’articulent, ou sont sans solution et génèrent une incapacité à « travailler ». Ces ensembles et les catégorisations sociales mobilisées sont désignés par des termes différenciés : la loi, la légalité, les procédures administratives, les papiers, les documents, directeur, service, maire, etc. d’un côté, les considérations, les bavardages, les histoires, les dossiers de conflits, les petits frères, amis, etc. de l’autre. Si l’on peut considérer qu’il y a un conflit de légitimités, la légitimité dominante de référence à l’activité des responsables municipaux reste dans tous les cas la légalité et la population. La gestion par les différents locuteurs de ces oppositions de registres et de légitimités dessine un champ social de pratiques assez général en Côte d’Ivoire.
Analyse de réseaux discursifs à partir de la théorie de l'argumentation dans la langue
Authors: Martí Joel 
Published: May 2010

Les études du discours ont connu un essor considérable au cours de ces dernières décades, dans des disciplines aussi diverses que la linguistique, la sociologie ou la science cognitive. Ce texte envisage cette étude du point de vue de la sociologie, mais en collectant les contributions réalisées sur le terrain de la linguistique et, plus concrètement, de la théorie de l’argumentation dans la langue (Anscombre et Ducrot 1994). En particulier, nous partons de la notion relationnelle de topos (pl. topoï), et nous montrons (i) qu’il est possible de représenter la superposition des topoï d’un texte argumentatif dans un réseau qui schématise les systèmes de représentations ; et (ii), que ce réseau peut être analysé grâce à l’algèbre de l’analyse de réseaux sociaux. Le texte présente une proposition méthodologique en ce sens, ainsi que les résultats d’une application empirique de l’étude des discours sur la formation et l’emploi.
Écrits intermédiaires, écritures intermittentes
Authors: Doquet-Lacoste Claire 
Published: May 2010

Cet article introductif montre les articulations entre énonciation et conceptualisation dans l’écriture scientifique et plus précisément l’écriture de l’ébauche, dont on trouve trace dans les carnets de travail et autres espaces de prise de notes des chercheurs. La réflexion s’articule autour de deux points : la place de l’énonciation dans l’émergence des idées, telle qu’elle a été pensée depuis 1970 par les différents champs disciplinaires des sciences humaines : philosophie, anthropologie, psychologie, linguistique ; la spécificité de la conceptualisation scientifique, et les travaux sur la place centrale de l’écriture dans l’activité des chercheurs. Les traces écrites sont envisagées dans leur dimension de fixation des observations, au travers d’actions langagières comme la nomination. Ceci conduit à spécifier les modes de travail dans les différents domaines scientifiques et leurs conséquences sur la manière dont peut être perçu le rôle de l’énonciation dans la conceptualisation et la découverte.
Du concept de minorité à la pensée de l'exiguïté : pour une autre compréhension des phénomènes linguistiques
Authors: Ali-Khodja Mourad , Boudreau Annette 
Published: May 2010

Le concept de « minorité » ayant fait l’objet de nombreuses analyses, Mourad Ali-Khodja et Annette Boudreau en cernent tout d’abord l’importance et en rappellent la pertinence tout en soulignant les dimensions politiques, éthiques et épistémologiques qu’il revêt aujourd’hui eu égard aux effets combinés de la globalisation économique et de la mondialisation culturelle. S’appuyant ensuite sur le concept d’exiguïté, proposé et appliqué au champ littéraire par François Paré (Paré 1992), mais, à ce jour, peu connu à l’extérieur du Canada, ils montrent tout l’intérêt que sa transposition offre aux sciences humaines et sociales (Ali-Khodja 2003), et en particulier aux phénomènes linguistiques en milieu minoritaire. Du bref examen qu’ils font des conceptions qui ont prévalu dans la définition de La langue française et dans la « Francophonie », ils mettent en évidence à la fois ce que ces dernières ont signifié de refus de la diversité linguistique et culturelle et illustrent leurs conséquences quant aux dimensions politiques, éthiques et épistémologiques qui sous-tendent les phénomènes linguistiques en milieu minoritaire. En conclusion, ils proposent quelques éléments susceptibles de penser autrement la langue et la linguistique.
L'articulation ”thêmata-fond topique” : fondements théoriques et application pragmatique
Authors: Camara Lima Laura 
Published: May 2010

Cet article reprend et explique les concepts de thêmata et de fond topique, dans le cadre des modèles théoriques dans lesquels ils ont été définis. Son but est double : a) démontrer que ces concepts possèdent une série de caractéristiques communes et b) expliquer les raisons qui nous conduisent à concevoir l’idée de les articuler. Du point de vue du psychologue social, l’articulation thêmata-fond topique représente un grand avantage, parce qu’elle apporte au chercheur les clés qui lui permettent d’établir une correspondance entre le niveau des représentations et le niveau des lexiques. Un exemple est donné pour illustrer cette correspondance.
Sequential and inferential order in religious action : A conversation analytic perspective
Authors: Lehtinen Esa 
Published: May 2010

L’organisation inférentielle et l’organisation séquentielle dans l’action religieuse : une analyse conversationnelle Cet article est une étude d’analyse conversationnelle qui porte sur une interaction religieuse. Les données sont constituées d’enregistrements audio d’une séance d’étude de la Bible dans une communauté adventiste finlandaise. L’étude montre de quelle façon l’interaction religieuse est liée à l’organisation inférentielle et à l’organisation séquentielle de l’interaction. L’organisation inférentielle est analysée en examinant comment les participants de la séance utilisent et s’appuient sur des catégorisations connues quand ils décrivent les événements des histoires racontées dans la Bible. Ils utilisent des expressions qui lient les histoires bibliques aux catégories qui sont pertinentes dans leur monde. L’organisation séquentielle est analysée en montrant comment les catégorisations sont contraintes par l’organisation séquentielle de la séance d’étude de la Bible. Une bonne partie de la séance est organisée en séquences du type question-réponse-commentaire. Dans leurs réponses les participants profilent leurs réponses pour s’adapter à la question, et dans son commentaire le « professeur » d’étude de la Bible peut évaluer la réponse. À travers les pratiques analysées dans l’article les participants de la séance d’étude accomplissent la tâche contextualisée qui consiste à découvrir comment un passage déterminé de la Bible est pertinent et peut s’appliquer à leurs propres vies, comment il leur « parle ».
Remote resistivity contrast mapping using the CARIS system at Terme de Caracalla archaeological site, Rome, Italy
Authors: Adams Christopher , Macnae James , Davis Aaron , Ley‐Cooper Yusen , Smiarowski Adam 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTWe achieve remote resistivity‐contrast mapping through use of capacitive electric field sensors and an inductive electromagnetic source. A new instrument, called CARIS, was developed at RMIT University specifically for shallow archaeological, environmental and engineering geophysical investigations where electrical contact with the ground is undesirable or impossible. The aim of this paper is twofold, firstly to introduce the CARIS instrument and method and secondly, to demonstrate the potential of CARIS. A field test compares CARIS resistivity field data to a conventional dipole‐dipole ERT survey over an archaeological site in Rome. Lateral changes detected by the CARIS system are consistent with those obtained using conventional resistivity.
Electrical resistivity tomography and induced polarization techniques applied to the identification of gypsum rocks
Authors: Guinea Ander , Playà Elisabet , Rivero Lluís , Himi Mahjoub 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTGypsum deposits are the currently exploited sulphate rocks with industrial purposes. In addition to the expensive drilling projects, geophysical techniques can be considered to estimate the economical potential of these deposits.An electrical resistivity tomography survey has been carried out in the Pira gypsum formation (SE of the Catalan margin of the Tertiary Ebro Basin, Spain). Additionally, a continuous coring drill was performed in order to support the study. Electrical imaging has been successfully applied to identify the gypsum deposits interlayered in lutite units. Nevertheless, the gypsum‐lutite boundaries are diffuse and uncertain in the tomographic lines. Comparison of the cores of the borehole and the electrical response shows a meaningful correlation between electrical resistivity and purity of gypsum. The electrical resistivity tomography profiles display a rather wide range of electrical resistivity value (from ) for the investigated gypsum facies. The highest values are attributed to sulphate layers with >90% of gypsum mineral. Lutite units display higher values than expected due to the presence of evaporite minerals within them (>10 ).Additionally, induced polarization measures have been performed in order to study the chargeability of gypsum deposits. It has been evidenced that impure gypsum rocks (with important presence of lutites within) are slightly chargeable. This property has allowed distinguishing between lutite levels and clay‐rich gypsum rocks.Electrical resistivity tomography lines are useful in the prospection of gypsum deposits. However, electrical imaging prospection should be supported by an accurate petrological study of the deposits, in order to properly interpret the resistivity profiles.
Approximation by Dilated Averages and K-Functionals
Authors: Ditzian Z. , Prymak A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractFor a positive finite measure dμ(u ) on ℝd normalized to satisfy , the dilated average of f (x ) is given byIt will be shown that under some mild assumptions on dμ(u ) one has the equivalencewhere means , B is a Banach space of functions for which translations are continuous isometries and P(D) is an elliptic differential operator induced by μ. Many applications are given, notable among which is the averaging operator with where S is a bounded convex set in ℝd with an interior point, m(S) is the Lebesgue measure of S, and 𝒳S(u ) is the characteristic function of S. The rate of approximation by averages on the boundary of a convex set under more restrictive conditions is also shown to be equivalent to an appropriate K-functional.
Quality and Certification of Electronic Health Records
Authors: Ammenwerth E. , Hoerbst A. 
Published: May 2010

Summary
Background: Numerous projects, initiatives, and programs are dedicated to the development of Electronic Health Records (EHR) worldwide. Increasingly more of these plans have recently been brought from a scientific environment to real life applications. In this context, quality is a crucial factor with regard to the acceptance and utility of Electronic Health Records. However, the dissemination of the existing quality approaches is often rather limited.
Objectives: The present paper aims at the description and comparison of the current major quality certification approaches to EHRs.
Methods: A literature analysis was carried out in order to identify the relevant publications with regard to EHR quality certification. PubMed, ACM Digital Library, IEEExplore, CiteSeer, and Google (Scholar) were used to collect relevant sources. The documents that were obtained were analyzed using techniques of qualitative content analysis.
Results: The analysis discusses and compares the quality approaches of CCHIT, EuroRec, IHE, openEHR, and EN13606. These approaches differ with regard to their focus, support of service-oriented EHRs, process of (re-)certification and testing, number of systems certified and tested, supporting organizations, and regional relevance.
Discussion: The analyzed approaches show differences with regard to their structure and processes. System vendors can exploit these approaches in order to improve and certify their information systems. Health care organizations can use these approaches to support selection processes or to assess the quality of their own information systems.
Citation: Hoerbst A, Ammenwerth E. Quality and certification of electronic health records – An overview of current approaches from the US and Europe. Appl Clin Inf 2010; 1: 149–164 http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2010-02-R-0009
Sepals
Authors: Roeder Adrienne HK 
Published: May 2010

Abstract

Sepals are the outermost organs of a flower. They are sterile and generally green leaf‐like organs that surround and protect the developing reproductive structures inside the bud before the flower blooms. The sepals are the first organs initiated from the floral meristem and quickly grow to cover the floral meristem and initiating organ primordia. Sepal organ identity is traditionally thought to be specified by the A function in the ABC model. Sepals often contain specialised cell types such as hair cells or giant cells, which are present on the outer surface of

Arabidopsis

sepals. The sepals and petals in the flower interact with the environment by both attracting pollinators as well as defending against predators and abiotic factors such as the weather. Current and future research on the development of sepals will lead to a better understanding of floral organ formation as well as underlying principles of cell division and growth.

Key Concepts:

The perianth is composed of the sterile organs of the flower, which are the set of sepals (calyx) and the set of petals (corolla).

Although generally sepals are green photosynthetic protective organs, some sepals are showy organs similar to petals and designed for attracting pollinators.

Sepals serve their protective function by overlapping such that they completely cover the developing bud.

Sepals generally contain defensive cell types including hair cells and produce toxic chemicals to defend the developing reproductive organs from predators.

Arabidopsis
sepals have a characteristic pattern of diverse cell sizes including giant cells on the outer surface.

The four
Arabidopsis
sepals are the first organs initiated from the floral meristem and are formed in a whorled phyllotaxy.

APETALA1
(
AP1
),
APETALA2
(
AP2
) and
SEPALLATA1–4
(
SEP1–4
) specify sepal organ identity.

After fertilisation, sepals often senesce and abscise.
Gastrointestinal Tract: Bacterial Infections
Authors: Conlon Christopher P 
Published: May 2010

Abstract

Almost every human will experience, at some stage in their life, an episode of diarrhoea due to a bacterial infection of the gastrointestinal tract. There are a variety of protective mechanisms in place, such as the high acid content of the stomach, to reduce the risk of such infections, but bacteria have evolved a variety of virulence factors, such as adhesion molecules and toxins, that enable active infections to take place. Enterotoxins, such as the cholera toxin, can cause a net secretion of water into the small bowel lumen, overwhelming the absorptive capacity of the large bowel. Cytotoxins can cause damage to the large bowel mucosa, leading to marked inflammation and causing bloody diarrhoea. Most cases of gastroenteritis can be treated with rehydration alone, but in some circumstances specific antimicrobial therapy is needed. This article highlights the pathogens implicated, the symptoms that usually result and the way such infections are managed.

Key Concepts:

Gastrointestinal infections due to bacteria are very common.

Bacteria that cause infection of the gastrointestinal tract have developed a variety of virulence factors, including adhesion molecules and toxin secretion.

Although most bacterial toxins are produced in the gut after infection, some are ingested preformed in food.

Watery diarrhoea is usually the result of enterotoxins acting in the small bowel, causing net secretion of water and electrolytes into the lumen.

Dysentery is bloody diarrhoea caused by bacteria that have caused inflammation in the large bowel mucosa.

Although
Campylobacter
species are the most common cause of sporadic bacterial food poisoning, more outbreaks are caused by
Salmonella
species.

Clostridium difficile
has, in the past decade, become an important healthcare‐associated infection in hospitals in developed countries.

Enterotoxigenic
E. coli
(ETEC) is a very common cause of travellers’ diarrhoea.

Most cases of diarrhoea due to bacteria can be treated with rehydration therapy alone.

Although some bacterial infections of the gastrointestinal tract require specific antibiotic therapy, empiric therapy should only be given in certain circumstances to vulnerable patients to minimise overuse of antimicrobials.
Molecular Genetics of Addiction
Authors: Li Ming D 
Published: May 2010

Abstract

Addictions to both licit and illicit drugs are common chronic brain disorders that are extremely costly to the individuals and society. Although genetics contributes significantly to vulnerability to these affective disorders, the susceptibility genes underlying them are largely unknown. Recent genome‐wide linkage and association studies have implicated several common genomic regions and genes in the aetiology of addiction to multiple substances. For example, variants in the α2 subunit of
gamma‐aminobytric acid type A
(GABA
A
) receptor have been found repeatedly in association with alcoholism and alcohol‐related phenotypes. Recently, a cluster on chromosome 15q24/q25.1 that encompasses the genes for nicotine acetylcholine receptor subunits α5, α3 and β4 was implicated in addiction to tobacco and other substances as well. Current efforts aim not only to replicate these findings in independent samples, but also to determine the functional mechanisms of these associations.

Key Concepts:

Drug addiction is a chronic brain disorder.

Both human and animals studies reveal that addiction is determined not only by genetic and environmental factors, but also by their interactions.

Significant genetic overlaps exist among addictions to different substances.

It is important to determine not only genetic but also environmental factors involved in the aetiology of addictions.

Several genomic regions have been revealed to harbour susceptibility genes for multiple addictive disorders.

Genes such as those encoding GABA
A
and GABA
B
receptor subunits, neurexins 1 and 2, and some nicotinic receptor subunits are associated with addictions.

Determination of gene–environmental interactions is as important and challenging as determining gene–gene interactions.

Small microRNAs may play important roles in the mediation of expression of genes implicated in addictions.
Uniparental Disomy in Cancer – A New Tool in Molecular Cancer
Authors: Tuna Musaffe , Amos Christopher I 
Published: May 2010

Abstract

The cancer genome project has attempted to provide the complete landscape of existing mutations in tumours, but sequencing the whole genome for all tumour types is a challenging goal. Recently a novel form of abnormality in various cancers, acquired uniparental disomy (aUPD), has been revealed. aUPD regions may pinpoint the mutated genes for next generation sequencing. Therefore, identifying the aUPD regions can help to identify novel candidate genes for mutation analysis instead of randomly sequencing the genome, may help to distinguish driver genes from passenger, lead to the discovery of novel therapeutic targets and provide important prognostic information, which may thus lead to important clinical applications.

Key Concepts:

Acquired uniparental disomy is a novel form of abnormality in cancer.

The regions of acquired uniparental disomy pinpoint homozygously mutated or methylated genes.

Homozygously mutated genes in aUPD regions may be tumour‐suppressor or oncogenes.

Homozygously mutated genes in aUPD regions may be involved in tumourigenesis.

aUPD regions may correlate with outcome of disease, so can be of use as prognostic marker.
Electronic Structure, Electrical and Magnetic Properties of LnMo8O14 Compounds (Ln: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm) Containing Bicapped Mo8 Clusters.
Authors: Gautier Regis , Andersen Ole Krogh , Gougeon Patrick , Halet Jean‐Francois , Canadell Enric , Martin James D. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Facile Reduction of Early Transition Metal Halides with Nonconventional, Mild Reductants. Part 5. Gallium and Gallium Dichloride, New Solid‐State Reductants in Preparative Transition Metal Chemistry. New, Lower Temperature Syntheses and Convenient Isolation of Hexatantalum Tetradecachloride Octahydrate, Ta6(μ‐Cl)12Cl2 (OH2)4×4H2O, and Synthesis and Solid‐State Structure of a Tetraalkylammonium Derivative, [N(CH2Ph)Bu3]4 [Ta6(μ‐Cl)12Cl6], of the Reduced [Ta6(μ‐Cl)12]2+ Cluster Core.
Authors: Hay Daniel N. T. , Swenson Dale C. , Messerle Louis 
Published: May 2010

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Baeyer—Villiger Oxidations Catalyzed by Engineered Microorganisms: Enantioselective Synthesis of δ‐Valerolactones with Functionalized Chains.
Authors: Wang Shaozhao , Chen Gang , Kayser Margaret M. , Iwaki Hiroaki , Lau Peter C. K. , Hasegawa Yoshie 
Published: May 2010

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
LiClO4‐Catalyzed Three‐Component‐Coupling Reactions: A Facile Synthesis of Homoallylic Amines.
Authors: Yadav J. S. , Reddy B. V. S. , Reddy P. S. R. , Shesha Rao M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Convenient Method for the Preparation of 1‐Phenylthio‐3‐alken‐1‐ynes and 4‐Hydroxy‐1‐phenylthio‐1,2‐alkadienes from a Common Precursor.
Authors: Ogawa Atsushi , Sakagami Kazunari , Shima Akiko , Suzuki Hitoshi , Komiya Satsuki , Katano Yoshinori , Mitsunobu Oyo 
Published: May 2010

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthetic Studies of the Formation of Pyrazoloisoquinolines.
Authors: Miller R. Bryan , Stowell Joseph G. , Dugar Sundeep , Moock Thomas E. , Jenks Christopher W. , Farmer Steven C. , Phan Bach , Wujcik Chad E. , Olmstead Marilyn M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 1‐(6‐Methyl‐2,4‐dioxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐3‐pyrimidinyl)acetyl‐4‐alkyl (aryl)thiosemicarbazides and Their Heterocyclization to 1,2,4‐Triazoles and 1,3,4‐Thiadiazoles.
Authors: Smicius Romualdas , Jakubkiene Virginija , Burbuliene Milda M. , Mikalainyte Aiste , Vainilavicius Povilas 
Published: May 2010

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Taxane Diterpenoids from the Roots of Taiwanese Taxus mairei
Authors: Shen Ya‐Ching , Chang Yao‐To , Lin Yu‐Chi , Lin Chung‐Ling , Kuo Yao‐Haur , Chen Ching‐Yeu 
Published: May 2010

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Lipase‐Catalyzed Acetylation of tert‐Butyl N‐(2‐Hydroxy‐3‐phenoxypropoxy)carbamates — Preparation of Optically Active Aminooxypropanols.
Authors: Buchalska Ewa , Plenkiewicz Jan 
Published: May 2010

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.