bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mechanism of RGS5 regulating gastric cancer mismatch repair protein
Authors: Yang Zhenwei , Zhang Ranran , Liu Jialong , Tian Sufang , Zhang Hailin , Zeng Lingxiu , Zhang Yangyang , Gao Liping , Wang Meng , Shan Wenqing , Liu Jing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe incidence and mortality rates of gastric cancer (GC) remain alarmingly high worldwide, imposing a substantial healthcare burden. In this study, we utilized data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. A 4‐gene prognostic model was developed to predict patient prognosis, and its accuracy was validated across multiple datasets. Patients with a low‐risk score exhibited improved prognosis, elevated tumor mutation burden, heightened sensitivity to both immunotherapy and conventional chemotherapy. Notably, our investigation revealed that the key gene RGS5 positively modulates the expression of mismatch repair proteins via c‐Myc. Furthermore, co‐immunoprecipitation (COIP) assays demonstrated the interaction between RGS5 and c‐Myc. Additionally, we confirmed that RGS5 regulates c‐Myc through the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway. Moreover, RGS5 was identified as a positive regulator of PD‐L1 expression and exhibited a negative correlation with the majority of immune cells. These findings underscore the potential of RGS5 as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target in the context of GC.
Job security, socio‐economic background, and worker performance: Evidence from Major League Baseball
Authors: Paulsen Richard J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUsing a panel dataset of contract‐year observations for Major League Baseball (MLB) players, this study looks to understand how job security affects incentives for worker performance. Prior works have found evidence of diminished performance when job security is high in the early years of guaranteed contracts (shirking) and heightened performance when job security is low at the end of contracts when players are hoping to secure new contracts (opportunistic behavior). The focus of this study is on how socio‐economic background interacts with job security to influence performance. Theory and empirical evidence suggest that workers from disadvantaged socio‐economic backgrounds may care more about job security, which could subsequently lead the performance of such workers to be more affected by changes to job security. This hypothesis is tested empirically. In testing this indirectly, evidence of stronger impacts of job security on performance of MLB players from lower income countries relative to those from higher income countries is found. To directly test this hypothesis, data on player socio‐economic backgrounds is hand‐collected. The performance of players from less‐advantaged socio‐economic backgrounds is found to be more affected by job security. Given that job security is common in many work settings, these findings have implications for workers and employers both inside and outside of sports.
A review on the applications of graph neural networks in materials science at the atomic scale
Authors: Shi Xingyue , Zhou Linming , Huang Yuhui , Wu Yongjun , Hong Zijian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn recent years, interdisciplinary research has become increasingly popular within the scientific community. The fields of materials science and chemistry have also gradually begun to apply the machine learning technology developed by scientists from computer science. Graph neural networks (GNNs) are new machine learning models with powerful feature extraction, relationship inference, and compositional generalization capabilities. These advantages drive researchers to design computational models to accelerate material property prediction and new materials design, dramatically reducing the cost of traditional experimental methods. This review focuses on the principles and applications of the GNNs. The basic concepts and advantages of the GNNs are first introduced and compared to the traditional machine learning and neural networks. Then, the principles and highlights of seven classic GNN models, namely crystal graph convolutional neural networks, iCGCNN, Orbital Graph Convolutional Neural Network, MatErials Graph Network, Global Attention mechanism with Graph Neural Network, Atomistic Line Graph Neural Network, and BonDNet are discussed. Their connections and differences are also summarized. Finally, insights and prospects are provided for the rapid development of GNNs in materials science at the atomic scale.
Quad‐band reflective metasurface for linear to circular polarization conversion
Authors: Eldesouki Eman M. , El‐Nady Shaza M. , Soliman Shimaa A. M. , Attiya Ahmed M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA quad‐band linear to circular polarization (CP) conversion based on a reflective metasurface is presented. The unit cell of proposed reflective metasurface consists of two unequal tilted and crossed bi‐directional arrow strips with an elliptical ring printed on a grounded dielectric slab. The operating bandwidth of the proposed structure is enhanced by introducing two small slits into the long arrow. A reflective metasurface sheet is fabricated and measured for verification. The simulated and measured results show that the reflective metasurface converter successfully transforms linearly polarized incident waves into right‐hand circularly‐polarized waves in frequency bands 9.49–9.96 GHz and 20–31.8 GHz and into left hand circular polarized waves in frequency bands 12.2–14.44 and 31.8–32.1 GHz. Also, wide angular stability up to 50° oblique incidence along with high efficiency reveals the good applicability of the structure. The proposed reflective structure can be used in multiband satellite communication systems and multifunctional dual‐circularly polarized antenna systems.
Sequence‐agnostic motion‐correction leveraging efficiently calibrated Pilot Tone signals
Authors: Brackenier Yannick , Cordero‐Grande Lucilio , McElroy Sarah , Tomi‐Tricot Raphael , Barbaroux Hugo , Bridgen Philippa , Malik Shaihan J. , Hajnal Joseph V. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study leverages externally generated Pilot Tone (PT) signals to perform motion‐corrected brain MRI for sequences with arbitrary k‐space sampling and image contrast.Theory and MethodsPT signals are promising external motion sensors due to their cost‐effectiveness, easy workflow, and consistent performance across contrasts and sampling patterns. However, they lack robust calibration pipelines. This work calibrates PT signal to rigid motion parameters acquired during short blocks (˜4 s) of motion calibration (MC) acquisitions, which are short enough to unobstructively fit between acquisitions. MC acquisitions leverage self‐navigated trajectories that enable state‐of‐the‐art motion estimation methods for efficient calibration. To capture the range of patient motion occurring throughout the examination, distributed motion calibration (DMC) uses data acquired from MC scans distributed across the entire examination. After calibration, PT is used to retrospectively motion‐correct sequences with arbitrary k‐space sampling and image contrast. Additionally, a data‐driven calibration refinement is proposed to tailor calibration models to individual acquisitions. In vivo experiments involving 12 healthy volunteers tested the DMC protocol's ability to robustly correct subject motion.ResultsThe proposed calibration pipeline produces pose parameters consistent with reference values, even when distributing only six of these approximately 4‐s MC blocks, resulting in a total acquisition time of 22 s. In vivo motion experiments reveal significant () improved motion correction with increased signal to residual ratio for both MPRAGE and SPACE sequences with standard k‐space acquisition, especially when motion is large. Additionally, results highlight the benefits of using a distributed calibration approach.ConclusionsThis study presents a framework for performing motion‐corrected brain MRI in sequences with arbitrary k‐space encoding and contrast, using externally generated PT signals. The DMC protocol is introduced, promoting observation of patient motion occurring throughout the examination and providing a calibration pipeline suitable for clinical deployment. The method's application is demonstrated in standard volumetric MPRAGE and SPACE sequences.
Telehealth usability in a university student physiotherapy clinic during COVID‐19
Authors: McEvoy Maureen , Fryer Caroline , Ward Emily , Kumar Saravana 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground‘Telehealth’ online delivery of physiotherapy was the only option during the Covid 19 pandemic in many areas. This was a challenge for physiotherapy training in student clinics where students, clinical educators (CEs) and clients were in three separate locations. The aim of this study was to determine the usability and acceptability of online delivery in a physiotherapy student clinic.MethodsAn observational cross‐sectional design was used. Clients (adult clients or carers of paediatric clients), students and CEs participated in telehealth physiotherapy appointments over a Telehealth platform called NeoRehab. The three groups were then invited to complete the Telehealth Usability Questionnaire (TUQ). The 21 item TUQ uses a 7‐point Likert scale and covers six constructs (Usefulness, Ease of Use, Interface quality, Interaction quality, Reliability, Satisfaction).ResultsData were analysed from 39 clients, 15 students, and seven CEs. The respective domain scores (SD) for Usefulness [(5.3 (1.5), 5.4 (0.7), 5.1 (0.7)] and Satisfaction [5.1 (1.6), 5.0 (1.0), 5.4 (0.7)] were similarly high across groups, while scores for Reliability [3.7 (1.5), 3.6 (1.0), 3.0 (0.5)] were similarly low across groups. Interface Quality [5.0 (1.5), 4.5 (1.2), 4.1 (0.8)] scores were similarly moderate. Ease of Use [5.6 (1.5), 5.3 (1.0), 4.1 (1.1)] scores were significantly higher in clients than CEs (p = 0.043). Interaction Quality [5.0 (1.4), 3.9 (1.3), 4.2 (0.9)] scores were significantly higher in clients compared with students (p = 0.03).ConclusionsAll groups agreed that the delivery format was useful, easy to use and provided a satisfactory service but was not reliable.
Effects of traditional Chinese medicines on weight management among adults with overweight or obesity: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Meifang , Liu Jiaqi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIncreasing evidence has reported the anti‐obesity effects of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and their potential advantages in weight loss, such as fewer side effects and lower costs compared to the current recommended treatments like Western medicines. Previous review studies have examined the effects of a few commonly used TCM therapies such as acupuncture and herbal medicines on weight loss. This network meta‐analysis (NMA) study aims to review and rank the effects of currently available TCMs on weight loss and to compare the effects of TCMs with different intervention durations. Eligible Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted among Chinese adults with overweight or obesity were searched on electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, CNKI, WanFang, VIP, and SinoMed) up to 1 March 2023. Pairwise meta‐analysis was performed to examine the pooled effects of TCMs on weight loss, and NMA was conducted to rank different types of TCMs. Subgroup analysis stratified by intervention duration was performed. Forty‐six RCTs were eligible for inclusion in the review. The results showed that TCMs, especially when the treatment duration was ≤6 months, were more effective in both body weight and Body Mass Index (BMI) reduction than non‐pharmacological interventions and placebo/no treatment. Acupotomy was ranked as the most effective TCM treatment in reducing both body weight and BMI. Traditional Chinese medicines have promising potential for weight loss and could be included in future clinical guidance as a standalone or supplementary treatment for obesity. Future studies need to further investigate under‐researched TCMs, examine the long‐term effects and safety of TCMs in obesity treatment, and validate the findings from this study among other ethnic populations.
Topography‐driven microclimate gradients shape forest structure, diversity, and composition in a temperate refugial forest
Authors: McNichol Bailey H. , Wang Ran , Hefner Amanda , Helzer Chris , McMahon Sean M. , Russo Sabrina E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMacroclimate drives vegetation distributions, but fine‐scale topographic variation can generate microclimate refugia for plant persistence in unsuitable areas. However, we lack quantitative descriptions of topography‐driven microclimatic variation and how it shapes forest structure, diversity, and composition. We hypothesized that topographic variation and the presence of the forest overstory cause spatiotemporal microclimate variation affecting tree performance, causing forest structure, diversity, and composition to vary with topography and microclimate, and topography and the overstory to buffer microclimate. In a 20.2‐ha inventory plot in the North American Great Plains, we censused woody stems ≥1 cm in diameter and collected detailed topographic and microclimatic data. Across 59‐m of elevation, microclimate covaried with topography to create a sharp desiccation gradient, and topography and the overstory buffered understory microclimate. The magnitude of microclimatic variation mirrored that of regional‐scale variation: with increasing elevation, there was a decrease in soil moisture corresponding to the difference across ~2.1° of longitude along the east‐to‐west aridity gradient and an increase in air temperature corresponding to the difference across ~2.7° of latitude along the north‐to‐south gradient. More complex forest structure and higher diversity occurred in moister, less‐exposed habitats, and species occupied distinct topographic niches. Our study demonstrates how topographic and microclimatic gradients structure forests in putative climate‐change refugia, by revealing ecological processes enabling populations to be maintained during periods of unfavorable macroclimate.
Mental health, sleep, and respiratory health after initiating elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor treatment in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Pham Hiep , Vandeleur Moya , Mainzer Rheanna M. , Ranganathan Sarath 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) significantly improves lung function but its effect on mental health and sleep remains poorly understood. We report on mental health, sleep, and respiratory health outcomes of adolescents with CF commenced on ETI therapy, and monitored the prevalence of neuropsychiatric issues through the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.MethodsWe conducted a prospective longitudinal study of 31 adolescents (aged 10–18 years) from July 2021 to October 2022. Data collected include demographics, Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9), General Anxiety Disorder‐7 (GAD‐7), Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS), Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) scores, and FEV1 percent predicted. Twenty of 31 adolescents had data before and after ETI initiation. Mean differences (MD) in mental health, sleep, and respiratory health pre‐ and post‐ETI therapy commencement were estimated using paired t‐tests. The prevalence and trajectories of anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance were described between the ETI epochs, and over the pandemic period.ResultsFEV1 improved following ETI therapy commencement (MD, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.1% (4.7%–9.6%) whereas PHQ‐9, GAD‐7, PDSS, and SDSC scores did not change significantly. Ten percent of participants developed new‐onset anxiety/depression concerns and 10% developed new sleep concerns following ETI initiation.ConclusionThis is the first prospective longitudinal study of mental health and sleep changes after ETI commencement in adolescents with CF. Although respiratory outcomes improved, ETI did not improve anxiety, depression or sleep.
Factors associated with tracheostomy‐associated infection treatment: A multicenter observational study
Authors: Morrison John M. , Kono Naoko , Rush Margaret , Hahn Andrea , Forster Catherine S. , Cogen Jonathan D. , Thomson Joanna , DeYoung Sarah Hofman , Bashiri Sowgand , Mack Wendy J. , Neely Michael N. , Simon Tamara D. , Russell Christopher J. ,   for the Pediatric Research in Inpatient Settings Network
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize factors that influence the decision to treat suspected pediatric bacterial tracheostomy‐associated respiratory infections (bTRAINs; e.g., pneumonia, tracheitis).MethodsWe conducted a multicenter, prospective cohort study of children with pre‐existing tracheostomy hospitalized at six children's hospitals for a suspected bTRAIN (receipt of respiratory culture plus ≥1 doses of an antibiotic within 48 h). The primary predictor was respiratory culture growth categorized as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. aeruginosa + ≥1 other bacterium, other bacteria alone, or normal flora/no growth. Our primary outcome was bTRAIN treatment with a complete course of antibiotics as documented by the discharge team. We used logistic regression with generalized estimating equations to identify the association between our primary predictor and outcome and to identify demographic, clinical, and diagnostic testing factors associated with treatment.ResultsOf the 440 admissions among 289 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 307 (69.8%) had positive respiratory culture growth. Overall, 237 (53.9%) of admissions resulted in bTRAIN treatment. Relative to a negative culture, a culture positive for P. aeruginosa plus ≥1 other organism (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–5.0)] or ≥1 other organism alone (aOR: 2.8; 95% CI: 1.4–5.6)] was associated with treatment. Several clinical and diagnostic testing (respiratory Gram‐stain and chest radiograph) findings were also associated with treatment. Positive respiratory viral testing was associated with reduced odds of treatment (aOR: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.2–0.9).ConclusionsPositive respiratory cultures as well as clinical indicators of acute illness and nonculture test results were associated with bTRAIN treatment. Clinicians may be more comfortable withholding antibiotics when a virus is identified during testing.
Evaluation of the novel endophytic fungus Chaetomium ascotrichoides 1‐24‐2 from Pinus massoniana as a biocontrol agent against pine wilt disease caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
Authors: Kamaruzzaman Md , Zheng Lijun , Zhou Shun , Ye Wenhua , Yuan Yongqiang , Qi Qiu , Gao Yongfeng , Tan Jiajin , Wang Yan , Chen Bingjia , Li Zhiguang , Liu Songsong , Mi Renjun , Zhang Ke , Zhao Chen , Ahmed Waqar , Wang Xinrong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDBursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causative agent of pine wilt disease (PWD), is an ever‐increasing threat to Pinus forests worldwide. This study aimed to develop biological control of PWD by the application of endophytic fungi isolated from healthy pine trees.RESULTSWe successfully isolated a novel endophytic fungal strain 1‐24‐2 from branches of healthy Pinus massoniana. The culture filtrates (CFs) of strain 1‐24‐2 exhibited strong nematicidal activity against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, with a corrected mortality rate of 99.00%. Based on the morphological and molecular characteristics, the isolated strain 1‐24‐2 was identified as Chaetomium ascotrichoides. In the in‐planta assay, pine seedlings (2‐years‐old) treated with 1‐24‐2 CFs + pine wood nematode (T2) showed a significant control effect of 80%. A total of 24 toxic compounds were first identified from 1‐24‐2 CFs through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis, from which O‐methylisourea, 2‐chlorobenzothiazole, and 4,5,6‐trihydroxy‐7‐methylphthalide showed robust binding sites at Tyr119 against phosphoethanolamine methyltransferase (PMT) protein of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus by molecular docking approach and could be used as potential compounds for developing effective nematicides. Interestingly, strain 1‐24‐2 produces toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which disturb the natural development process of B. xylophilus, whose total number decreased by up to 83.32% in the treatment group as compared to control and also reduced Botrytis cinerea growth by up to 71.01%.CONCLUSIONOur results highlight the potential of C. ascotrichoides 1‐24‐2 as a promising biocontrol agent with solid nematicidal activity against B. xylophilus. This is the first report of C. ascotrichoides isolated from P. massoniana exhibiting strong biocontrol potential against B. xylophilus in the world. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Direct effects of barley yellow dwarf virus on the performance, parasitoid resistance, and feeding behavior of its vector Sitobion avenae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Liu Chiping , Zhang Qi , Shi Xiang , Zhu Huimin , Chai Ruirui , Hu Geyang , Desneux Nicolas , Luo Chen , Hu Zuqing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe complex interaction between plant viruses and their insect vectors is the basis for the epidemiology of plant viruses. The ‘Vector Manipulation Hypothesis’ (VMH) was proposed to demonstrate the evolution of strategies in plant viruses to enhance their transmission to new hosts through direct effects on insect vector behavior and/or physiology. However, the aphid vectors used in previous studies were mostly obtained by feeding on virus‐infected plants and as a result, it was difficult to eliminate the confounding effects of infected host plants. Furthermore, the mechanisms of the direct effects of plant viruses on insect vectors have rarely been examined comprehensively.RESULTSWe fed Sitobion avenae on an artificial diet infused with a purified suspension of Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) PAV strain to obtain viruliferous aphids. We then examined their growth and reproduction performance, resistance to the parasitoid Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead, and feeding behavior. The results indicate that (1) viruliferous aphids had a shorter life span and a lower relative growth rate at the nymphal stage; (2) A. gifuensis had a lower parasitism rate, mummification rate, and emergence rate in viruliferous aphids; (3) Viruliferous aphids spent more time on non‐probing and salivation behavior and had a shorter total duration of penetration and ingestion compared with healthy conspecifics.CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that plant virus infection may directly alter vector fitness and behavior that improves plant virus transmission, but not vector growth. These findings highlight the mechanisms of VMH and the ecological significance of vector manipulation by plant viruses, and have implications for plant virus disease and vector management. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.