bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The G157C mutation in the Escherichia coli sliding clamp specifically affects initiation of replication
Authors: Johnsen Line , Flåtten Ingvild , Morigen  , Dalhus Bjørn , Bjørås Magnar , Waldminghaus Torsten , Skarstad Kirsten 
Published: November 2010

Summary Escherichia coli cells with a point mutation in the dnaN gene causing the amino acid change Gly157 to Cys, were found to underinitiate replication and grow with a reduced origin and DNA concentration. The mutant β clamp also caused excessive conversion of ATP‐DnaA to ADP‐DnaA. The DnaA protein was, however, not the element limiting initiation of replication. Overproduction of DnaA protein, which in wild‐type cells leads to over‐replication, had no effect in the dnaNG157C mutant. Origins already opened by DnaA seemed to remain open for a prolonged period, with a stage of initiation involving β clamp loading, presumably limiting the initiation process. The existence of opened origins led to a moderate SOS response. Lagging strand synthesis, which also requires loading of the β clamp, was apparently unaffected. The result indicates that some aspects of β clamp activity are specific to the origin. It is possible that the origin specific activities of β contribute to regulation of initiation frequency.
Citrate anticoagulation using ACD solution A during long‐term haemodialysis
Authors: WRIGHT STEPHEN , STEINWANDEL ULI , FERRARI PAOLO 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTAim:  Haemodialysis with regional citrate anticoagulation in patients with contraindications for heparin is increasingly performed in the USA and Europe. Most published protocols use trisodium citrate, which is not readily available nor is it licensed in Australia. We established a protocol for citrate‐anticoagulation in haemodialysis using acid citrate dextrose solution A (ACDA), which is approved for apheresis procedures in Australia. The aim of the present study was to assess the safety and efficacy of this protocol for routine use in haemodialysis patients.Methods:  Systemic and post‐filter blood ionized calcium, serum sodium and bicarbonate and dialyzer clotting score were analyzed prospectively in 14 patients undergoing 150 consecutive haemodialysis treatments with citrate anticoagulation using calcium‐free dialysate. A simple algorithm allowed the attending nurse to adjust citrate infusion (to maintain post‐filter ionized calcium at 0.2–0.3 mmol/L) and i.v. calcium substitution. Scheduled dialysis time was 4 h, and point‐of‐care monitoring of blood ionized calcium during dialysis was done at 0, 15, 60, 120 and 240 min.Results:  ACDA infusion rates of 300 mL/h were used in the first 52 treatments, but resulted in high dialyzer clotting score and 6% of treatments were discontinued due to complete clotting. Thereafter, ACDA infusion rate was increased to 350 mL/h, with all 98 subsequent treatments completed successfully. Ionized calcium levels were stable during all procedures with post‐dialysis serum sodium averaging 135 ± 3 mmol/L and bicarbonate 23.8 ± 2 mmol/L.Conclusion:  Routine use of citrate anticoagulation in the setting of a long‐term haemodialysis unit is safe and efficient. Point‐of‐care measurements of ionized calcium levels are critical to safely and successfully perform citrate anticoagulation.
Reactions to caregiving of frail, older persons predict depression
Authors: Aggar Christina , Ronaldson Susan , Cameron Ian D. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTReactions to caregiving and depression affect a carer's ability to continue in their caring role. This paper examines the relationship between reactions to caregiving and depression in carers of frail, older people and is a cross‐sectional study of carers of community‐living people (≥70 years), identified as frail, who completed a postal questionnaire. Reactions to caregiving were evaluated using the Caregiver Reaction Assessment. Anxiety and depression symptoms were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Borderline depressive symptoms were reported in 15% of carers, and 10% had abnormal depressive symptoms. Anxiety symptoms in the carers were slightly higher at 24% and 12%, respectively. Multiple regression indicated that the impact on carers' daily schedules (β = 1.419, P = 0.001; β = 1.162, P = 0.025) and their health (β = 1.509, P = 0.007; β = 1.850, P = 0.006) as a result of caregiving explained 49% of the variance in carers' depressive symptoms (P < 0.001) and 42% of the variance in their anxiety symptoms (P < 0.001). Specific reactions to caregiving are important predictors of depressive and anxiety symptoms in carers of frail, older people. Regular carer support services and targeted health‐care initiatives could alleviate or lessen negative reactions associated with caregiving, such as depression.
Are immigrants in the nursing industry at increased risk of bullying at work? A one‐year follow‐up study
Authors: HOGH ANNIE , CARNEIRO ISABELLA GOMES , GIVER HANNE , RUGULIES REINER 
Published: November 2010

Hogh, A., Gomes Carneiro, I., Giver, H. & Rugulies, R. (2011). Are immigrant health care workers subject to increased risk of bullying at work? A one‐year prospective study. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 52, 49–56.The purpose of this study was to explore whether (a) immigrant health care workers (HCW) are more at risk of bullying at work than Danish staff members, (b) this association is increased by previous exposure to bullying and (c) immigrants experience more bullying from supervisors, colleagues and clients/residents. We analyzed cross‐sectional baseline data from 5,635 health care students of whom 10.4% were immigrants, and conducted a prospective analysis by following 3,109 of these respondents during their first year of employment. More than a third of the respondents had previous experiences with bullying. The baseline analyses showed that immigrants are more at risk of being bullied during both their theoretical education and trainee periods than their Danish co‐students. At follow‐up we found that 9.1% of the total cohort had been exposed to bullying at work during their first year of employment, hereof 1.8% frequently. “Non‐Western” immigrants had a significantly higher risk of exposure to bullying at work during follow‐up than the Danish respondents independent of previous experience with bullying. Danish and immigrant health care workers were more exposed to bullying from co‐workers than from supervisors with no statistically significant difference between the Danes and the immigrant groups. Both “Western” and “non‐Western” respondents were more at risk of bullying from clients/residents than the Danish respondents.
Are lies more wrong than errors? Accuracy judgments of inaccurate statements
Authors: TEIGEN KARL HALVOR , FILKUKOVÁ PETRA 
Published: November 2010

Teigen, K.H. & Filkuková, P. (2011). Are lies more wrong than errors? Accuracy judgments of inaccurate statements. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 52, 8–20.People are often mistaken when estimating and predicting quantities, and sometimes they report values that they know are false: they lie. There exists, however, little research devoted to how such deviations are being perceived. In four vignette studies, participants were asked to rate the accuracy of inaccurate statements about quantities (prices, numbers and amounts). The results indicate that overstatements are generally judged to be more inaccurate than understatements of the same magnitude; self‐favorable (optimistic) statements are considered more inaccurate than unfavorable (pessimistic) statements, and false reports (lies) are perceived to be more inaccurate than equally mistaken estimates. Lies about the future did not differ from lies about the past, but own lies were perceived as larger than the same lies attributed to another person. It is suggested that estimates are judged according to how close they come to the true values (close estimates are more correct than estimates that are less close), whereas lies are judged as deviant from truth, with less importance attached to the magnitude of the deviation.
Endogenous bacterial flora in pregnant women and the influence of maternal genetic variation
Authors: Genc MR , Onderdonk A 
Published: November 2010

Please cite this paper as: Genc M, Onderdonk A. Endogenous bacterial flora in pregnant women and the influence of maternal genetic variation. BJOG 2011;118:154–163.Preterm labour, premature prelabour rupture of membranes and low birth weight have all been associated with either specific maternal genital tract infections or an altered vaginal microflora during pregnancy. Factors that influence the variation in microbial–host interaction play an important role in individual susceptibility to adverse pregnancy outcomes. The innate immune responses at mucosal surfaces play a crucial role against microbial invasion. Multiple genes are responsible for the regulation of the innate immune system. Genetic polymorphisms that disrupt innate immune recognition or the responses to infectious microorganisms could explain the alterations in microflora and individual susceptibility to pregnancy complications.
Accommodative response to peripheral stimuli in myopes and emmetropes
Authors: Hartwig Andreas , Charman W Neil , Radhakrishnan Hema 
Published: November 2010

Citation information: Hartwig A, Charman WN & Radhakrishnan H. Accommodative response to peripheral stimuli in myopes and emmetropes. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2011, 31, 91–99. doi: 10.1111/j.1475‐1313.2010.00796.xAbstractPurpose:  It has been suggested that peripheral refractive error may influence eye growth and the development of axial refractive error, implying that the peripheral retina is sensitive to defocus. This study aimed to evaluate the steady‐state accommodative response to peripheral stimuli in 10 young, adult myopes (mean spherical equivalent error −2.10 ± 1.72 D, median −1.63 D, range −0.83 to −6.00 D) and 10 emmetropes (mean spherical equivalent error −0.02 ± 0.35 D, median +0.08 D, range −0.50 to +0.50 D).Methods:  The subjects were asked to view monocularly the centre of a screen displaying each of a series of eccentric accommodative targets placed at 5, 10 and 15°. An axial target was viewed for comparison purposes. Accommodation was measured using an open‐field autorefractor, each stimulus being varied between about 0 and 4 D with spherical trial lenses placed in front of the viewing eye.Results:  The results confirm that the peripheral retina is sensitive to optical focus, up to field angles of at least 15°, with accommodative responses weakening as the peripheral angle increases. There is some evidence that peripheral accommodation may be less effective in myopes than emmetropes.Conclusions:  Although peripheral accommodation can be demonstrated in the absence of a central stimulus, the accommodation response is normally dominated by the central stimulus and it seems unlikely that peripheral accommodation effects play an important role in refractive development.
Bilateral Widespread Mechanical Pain Hypersensitivity as Sign of Central Sensitization in Patients With Cluster Headache
Authors: Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas César , Ortega‐Santiago Ricardo , Cuadrado María L. , López‐de‐Silanes Carlos , Pareja Juan A. 
Published: November 2010

Objective.— To investigate bilateral widespread pressure pain hyperalgesia in deep tissues over symptomatic (trigemino‐cervical) and nonsymptomatic (distant pain‐free) regions in patients with cluster headache (CH).Background.— Central sensitization is claimed to play a relevant role in CH. No study has previously searched for widespread pressure hyperalgesia in deep tissues over both symptomatic (trigemino‐cervical) and nonsymptomatic (distant pain‐free) regions in patients with CH.Methods.— Sixteen men (mean age: 43 ± 11 years) with CH in a remission phase and 16 matched controls were recruited. Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) were bilaterally measured over the supra‐orbital (V1), infra‐orbital (V2), mental (V3), median (C5), radial (C6), and ulnar (C7) nerves, C5‐C6 zygapophyseal joint, mastoid process, and tibialis anterior muscle by an assessor blinded to the subjects' condition.Results.— The results showed that PPT levels were significantly decreased bilaterally in patients with CH as compared with healthy controls (all sites, P < .001). A greater degree of sensitization over the mastoid process (P < .001) and a lower degree of sensitization over the tibialis anterior muscle (P < .01) was found.Conclusions.— Our findings revealed bilateral widespread pressure pain hypersensitivity in patients with CH confirming the presence of central sensitization mechanisms in this headache condition.
The Script Concordance Test as a Measure of Clinical Reasoning Skills in Geriatric Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Ruiz Jorge G. , Tunuguntla Renuka , Charlin Bernard , Ouslander Joseph G. , Symes Stephen N. , Gagnon Robert , Phancao Francois , Roos Bernard A. 
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVES: To validate the use of a script concordance test (SCT), a tool to assess clinical reasoning in contexts of uncertainty, which are common in clinical geriatrics practice, on geriatric urinary incontinence (UI) to discriminate levels of expertise in this content area.DESIGN: A reference panel (15 geriatricians) and 12 respondents (10 senior geriatrics fellows and 2 interns) completed an online 100‐item SCT test covering major topics in UI. The test was then optimized by discarding items with negative item–total correlation; the remaining 70 questions covered all major topics in UI. The test was then administered to a second group of participants with different levels of experience, mostly from the University of Miami: eight geriatricians, nine junior geriatrics fellows, 53 internal medicine residents, and 26 medical students. Investigators assessed test reliability and construct validity (to discriminate between levels of expertise).SETTING: Tertiary academic medical center and affiliated medical school.PARTICIPANTS: Medical students, internal medicine residents, geriatric medicine fellows, and practicing geriatricians.MEASUREMENTS: Seventy‐item SCT.RESULTS: The Cronbach alpha for the 70‐item test was 0.72. Mean scores were 75.3 ± 7.9 for geriatricians (n=23), 69.0 ± 9.3 for senior geriatrics fellows (n=10), 66.4 ± 6.8 for junior geriatrics fellows n=(9), 66.1 ± 5.7 for residents (n=53), and 65.6 ± 8.5 for students (n=26). Using analysis of variance, significant differences were found between the mean scores of the geriatricians and all other participants except senior fellows.CONCLUSION: The geriatric UI SCT demonstrated moderate reliability and evidence of construct validity, discriminating between experienced and nonexperienced physicians.
Hospitalization and Change in Body Composition and Strength in a Population‐Based Cohort of Older Persons
Authors: Alley Dawn E. , Koster Annemarie , Mackey Dawn , Cawthon Peggy , Ferrucci Luigi , Simonsick Eleanor M. , Yu Binbing , Hardy Susan , Goodpaster Bret , Sarkisian Catherine , Houston Denise K. , Kritchevsky Stephen B. , Cummings Steven , Lee Jung‐Sun , Tylavsky Frances A. , Newman Anne , Harris Tamara ,   for the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between hospitalization and annual changes in body composition and strength in older adults.DESIGN: Cohort study.SETTING: Clinic examinations in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, or Memphis, Tennessee.PARTICIPANTS: Well‐functioning adults aged 70 to 79 who participated in the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study.MEASUREMENTS: Hospitalizations were reported at annual clinic visits and in semiannual phone interviews. In the event of death or reported hospitalization, hospitalizations were adjudicated according to medical record review. Dual X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) assessments of total, lean, and fat mass were conducted in six annual examinations, and measures of knee extensor strength were conducted in two annual examinations.RESULTS: DXA assessments followed 2,309 hospitalizations. In men and women, hospitalization in the previous year was associated with greater declines in total mass (−0.76 and −0.81 kg, respectively), fat mass (−0.41 and −0.54 kg), and lean mass (−0.33 and −0.25 kg) (P<.001 for all) than in nonhospitalized participants, after adjustment for demographics and baseline values. Hospitalization was associated with strength declines in men (−4.02 Nm, P=.046) but not in women. Relationships were similar after adjusting for health behaviors and chronic conditions, although the association between hospitalization and strength was attenuated. Associations increased with number of days hospitalized; hospitalizations totaling 8 days or more in the previous year were associated with significantly greater loss of total, lean, and fat mass and loss of strength in both sexes than in nonhospitalized participants.CONCLUSION: Hospitalization is associated with significant changes in body composition and strength in older persons. These effects appear particularly important in persons hospitalized for 8 or more days per year.
The distinction between star clusters and associations
Authors: Gieles Mark , Portegies Zwart Simon F. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
In Galactic studies a distinction is made between (open) star clusters and associations. For barely resolved objects at a distance of several Mpc, this distinction is not trivial to make. Here we provide an objective definition by comparing the age of the stars to the crossing time of nearby stellar agglomerates. We find that a satisfactory separation can be made where this ratio equals unity. Stellar agglomerates for which the age of the stars exceeds the crossing time are bound, and are referred to as star clusters. Alternatively, those for which the crossing time exceeds the stellar age are unbound and are referred to as associations. This definition is useful whenever reliable measurements for the mass, radius and age are available.
APPLICATION OF GASEOUS OZONE TO INACTIVATE BACILLUS CEREUS IN PROCESSED RICE
Authors: SHAH NOR NADIAH ABDUL KARIM , RAHMAN RUSSLY ABDUL , CHUAN LING TAU , HASHIM DZULKIFLY MAT 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThe effect of ozonation as a method to reduce Bacillus cereus count in processed rice was investigated. Hundred grams of processed rice was exposed to gaseous ozone in an inert glass condenser at 20 ± 3C and 50% relative humidity. Ozone concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 ppm up to 7 h were used. Enumerations of B. cereus were done before ozonation treatment to establish the initial counts of B. cereus in processed rice. The experiments were done in an air‐conditioned room and samples were then kept at ambient temperature pre‐ and post‐ozonation to emulate normal conditions in rice storage facilities. Within 24 h, the ozonated samples were then enumerated by surface spread plating technique. Significant trends were observed in comparison with the non‐ozonated rice samples. Non‐ozonated rice samples were found with an average of 5.50 ± 0.28 log count (cfu/g). Up to 1.63 log reductions of B. cereus counts were observed above 0.3 ppm ozone concentration at the end of 420 min of treatment. B. cereus counts were shown to decrease to 3.62 ± 0.38 log count (cfu/g) at 0.4 ppm ozone concentration for 420 min of ozone treatment.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSUncooked rice grains are frequently contaminated with Bacillus cereus spores, which are resistant to heat and can survive boiling. If cooked rice is subsequently stored at room temperatures for an amount of time, the heat‐resistant spores will germinate, proliferate and may produce emetic toxin. No official information is available on the incidence of B. cereus poisoning in Malaysia but rice poisoning was often headlined as the main cause of foodborne illness. The aim of this study is to inactivate B. cereus count in raw rice, subsequently in cooked rice, and to prolong the shelf life of cooked rice. Ozone, with its antimicrobial properties and the ability to effectively kill 90% of microbial counts, was used at its highest advantage to minimize the B. cereus counts in processed rice.
EVALUATION OF SUGAR INVERSION IN CHEWING GUM ADDED OF SODIUM LACTATE
Authors: VALDUGA EUNICE , LAZZARI MARCELO ROBERTO , VARDANEGA RENATA , DI LUCCIO MARCO 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThe present work studied the effect of the addition of sodium lactate and of storage conditions on the stability of chewing gums. A full factorial experimental design 24 was used to investigate the effect of the concentration of citric and lactic acid in the formulation and the use of sodium lactate as buffering agent, as well as the change in relative humidity (RH) of storage. The chewing gum was stored for 180 days only with the individual packing. The samples were periodically assayed for pH, moisture, mass gain, water activity, concentration of sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose), total reducing sugar and visual aspect of the product. The most expressive change was observed in the condition of highest RH (80%), where the samples became sticky after the 90th day of storage. During storage at 30% RH, the product became gradually harder, making chewing more difficult. An expressive acceleration of cold melt and glucose and fructose concentration was verified in the samples elaborated with 1% of citric acid, without addition of sodium lactate and in the samples elaborated with 0.8% of lactic acid, 0.2% of citric acid and without addition of sodium lactate. This latter was already sticky after 60 days of storage. The addition of sodium lactate (1.08% dry basis) to the formulation favored stability of the product, as well as the use of lactic acid, instead of citric acid.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe challenges of the confectionery industry are quite expressive, since the consumers' demand for quality and novelty is constantly increasing, rising the need to guarantee the quality and the stability of the products. The most frequent problems are related to very soft gums that stick to the packing film or very hard gums that are difficult to chew. One of the factors that contribute to these problems is the different climatic situations to which the products may be submitted and sugar inversion during storage of the product. The frequent need for improvement of the candy industry, allied with the lack of researches that involve the evaluation of chewing gum stability, motivates this study, which aimed at investigating the factors that interfere in the stability of chewing gums.