bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioral Ecology of Color Patterns in Atka Mackerel
Authors: Lauth Robert R. , Guthridge Jared L. , Cooper Daniel W. , McEntire Scott W. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The behavioral ecology of seasonal and ephemeral variations in color patterns of Atka mackerel Pleurogrammus monopterygius was investigated and is discussed relative to alternative mating tactics, reproductive condition, social status, and predation risk. Breeding males underwent a conspicuous seasonal color change during the mating and brooding period, resulting in one of two nuptial phenotypes. Type I males held and defended territories inside nesting colonies and had a uniform yellow coloration with a golden hue across the head and dorsum. Type II males were nonterritorial, hovered above the nesting colony, and attempted periodic forays into the nesting colony; their color was plain yellow with irregular dark blotches across the head and dorsum and a light patch on the nape. When displaced from their nests, type I males also showed dark blotches and a light patch on the nape, but these characteristics were less pronounced than those in type II males. The color of females and nonbreeding males was indistinguishable and exhibited little seasonal variation; however, females close to spawning showed an ephemeral darkening of the body with white spots and patches along the dorsum. Nonbreeding males and females undergoing diel migrations also showed the same pattern across the dorsum but without darkening. The overall mean ratio of males to females in the trawl-sampled population was 1.22:1.00, of which 44.9% were females, 40% were nonbreeding males, 9.8% were intermediate males (with characteristics intermediate between those of breeding and nonbreeding males), and 5.3% were breeding males. The proportion of breeding males was 12 times higher inside nesting colonies than outside the colonies. The mean fork length (FL) of intermediate and breeding males was larger (by ≤1 cm) than that of females or nonbreeding males. Understanding the behavioral ecology of Atka mackerel is important to the development of a comprehensive ecological index for monitoring and assessing the reproductive health of Atka mackerel stocks.
L'odyssée spirituelle des dirigeants
Authors: Voynnet Fourboul Catherine , Lefebvre Quentin 
Published: October 2010

Cette recherche qualitative menée auprès de 20 dirigeants a pour but de relater l’activation spirituelle des dirigeants lors des épreuves qu’ils traversent : les passages de leadership. Située dans le cadre du leadership spirituel, cette communication se concentre sur 5 cas de dirigeants pour lesquels des monographies par cas et par thème sont proposées afin de démontrer la nature de la relation entre passage de leadership et spiritualité. La discussion porte sur les expériences dévoilées qui font état des réactions transformant et fortifiant les dirigeants malgré un contexte peu ouvert à l’accompagnement spirituel sur le lieu de travail.
Histoire de la psychanalyse en Syrie
Authors: Nached Rafah 
Published: October 2010

Faire connaître la psychanalyse en Syrie, c’est tracer un chemin dans un lieu hostile à la psychanalyse, marqué par le comportementalisme, offrir aux gens un lieu de parole, inviter des psychanalystes de France pour assurer l’ouverture et la formation des nouveaux membres. Cela a amené à se poser la question de la traduction, passage d’une langue à une autre, d’une culture à une autre, d’une structure de pensée à une autre ce qui a nécessité une recherche approfondie dans la langue arabe à partir du langage mystique. Le colloque qui se tiendra à Damas les 1 er et 2 novembre 2010 s’inscrit dans cette problématique.
Ce voile qui cache la forêt
Authors: Abdelouahed Houria 
Published: October 2010

Le nouveau malaise dans la culture arabo-musulmane, à travers le problème du hijâb (traduit par « voile ») pivote autour d’un entrelacs entre voir et être vu. Si le Texte prône une vision conservatrice de la femme, les différents commentaires des exégètes, au Moyen Âge et aujourd’hui, font miroiter des angoisses archaïques face au corps féminin. Le visage cesse d’être le miroir – où l’autre voit le reflet dédoublé de lui-même –, pour devenir l’unheimlich effrayant. D’où la nécessité de faire le lien entre l’inquiétante étrangeté et la tête de Méduse, la plus mortelle des trois Grées qui revient de façon extraordinaire dans les écrits des historiographes autour des déesses-mères préislamiques.
La propagande totalitaire et la force dans le « phénomène Piteşti »
Authors: Clit Radu 
Published: October 2010

La propagande totalitaire est un phénomène complexe, qui suppose, comme l’a montré Hannah Arendt, presque toujours des menaces voilées, et une certaine forme d’utilisation de la force physique. La preuve en est le « phénomène Piteşti », une procédure extrême utilisée en Roumanie par le régime communiste après son installation. Elle combinait l’étude de la doctrine communiste avec la torture physique et morale. La procédure avait lieu dans une prison et visait la transformation des victimes en tortionnaires. Le cadre spécifique ne semble pas moins important que la procédure elle-même, nommée « arrachage de masques » et supposant 4 étapes. L’impact psychologique très fort conduisait à un effondrement proche de la psychose chez beaucoup de détenus. Ceci permet de faire l’hypothèse d’une action sur le refoulement originaire. Le masochisme est aussi beaucoup sollicité. En même temps, les liens entre les prisonniers, tous des étudiants, sont transformés d’horizontaux en verticaux. De cette façon, dans la propagande totalitaire, la démonstration de force semble plus importante que la doctrine.
Violence et persuasion dans Eyes wide shut de Stanley Kubrick
Authors: Drossart Francis 
Published: October 2010

Je soutiendrai ici l’hypothèse selon laquelle le dernier film de Stanley Kubrick Eyes Wide Shut , illustre magistralement la manière dont, dans un certain type de système totalitaire (le « gang ») violence et persuasion sont l’envers et l’endroit d’un même processus, ceci avec l’entière complicité du sujet sur lequel toutes deux s’exercent. Il s’agit là du phénomène psychique décrit par J. Steiner, selon lequel « le sujet sélectionne certains objets destructeurs, à l’intérieur desquels il projette ses propres parties destructrices »... À cet égard, le personnage du « meneur de jeu » (Ziegler) introduit par Kubrick (et qui n’existe pas dans le roman initial de Schnitzler), est exemplaire. Ce « meneur de jeu » résume à lui seul l’ambiguïté perverse de l’objet destructeur idéalisé, qui amène l’anti-héros du film (Bill) pour « sauver la mise » ( ?), à accepter de voir « vaporiser » la femme qui avait sacrifié sa vie pour lui sauver la sienne.
Par-delà la manipulation mentale : la violence insidieuse de l'église de scientologie
Authors: Lamote Thierry 
Published: October 2010

Comment expliquer que l’Église de Scientologie, en dépit de sa doctrine délirante et malgré les angoisses intenses qu’elle suscite dans l’opinion publique, ait aussi bien prospéré depuis soixante ans ? Après avoir indiqué en quoi les présupposés qui soutiennent l’hypothèse de la manipulation mentale sont erronés, nous aborderons ce mouvement sectaire sous l’angle de la psychose de son fondateur. Là où les observateurs passent à côté de sa singularité en ne s’intéressant qu’à la figure du gourou, nous montrerons que la Scientologie nous présente ce que Freud n’a fait qu’effleurer dans son travail sur la Psychologie des foules : une foule sans meneur. Nous verrons comment le discours scientologue, issu du délire du fondateur Lafayette Ronald Hubbard, a fini par entrer en assonance tant avec les motifs qui animent le discours capitaliste, qu’avec les désirs où s’enracine la technoscience. Nous montrerons pour finir que ce vaste système délirant tire ses vertigineux effets, moins des techniques de conditionnement répertoriées par les experts psychiatres, que de ce qu’il exhibe, à ciel ouvert, certains désirs archaïques habituellement refoulés.
Height-diameter allometry of tropical forest trees
Authors: Feldpausch T. R. , Banin L. , Phillips O. L. , Baker T. R. , Lewis S. L. , Quesada C. A. , Affum-Baffoe K. , Arets E. J. M. M. , Berry N. J. , Bird M. , Brondizio E. S. , de Camargo P. , Chave J. , Djagbletey G. , Domingues T. F. , Drescher M. , Fearnside P. M. , França M. B. , Fyllas N. M. , Lopez-Gonzalez G. , Hladik A. , Higuchi N. , Hunter M. O. , Iida Y. , Abu Silam K. , Kassim A. R. , Keller M. , Kemp J. , King D. A. , Lovett J. C. , Marimon B. S. , Marimon-Junior B. H. , Lenza E. , Marshall A. R. , Metcalfe D. J. , Mitchard E. T. A. , Moran E. F. , Nelson B. W. , Nilus R. , Nogueira E. M. , Palace M. , Patiño S. , Peh K. S.-H. , Raventos M. T. , Reitsma J. M. , Saiz G. , Schrodt F. , Sonké B. , Taedoumg H. E. , Tan S. , White L. , Wöll H. , Lloyd J. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract. Tropical tree height-diameter (H:D) relationships may vary by forest type and region making large-scale estimates of above-ground biomass subject to bias if they ignore these differences in stem allometry. We have therefore developed a new global tropical forest database consisting of 39 955 concurrent H and D measurements encompassing 283 sites in 22 tropical countries. Utilising this database, our objectives were: 1. to determine if H:D relationships differ by geographic region and forest type (wet to dry forests, including zones of tension where forest and savanna overlap). 2. to ascertain if the H:D relationship is modulated by climate and/or forest structural characteristics (e.g. stand-level basal area, A). 3. to develop H:D allometric equations and evaluate biases to reduce error in future local-to-global estimates of tropical forest biomass. Annual precipitation coefficient of variation (PV), dry season length (SD), and mean annual air temperature (TA) emerged as key drivers of variation in H:D relationships at the pantropical and region scales. Vegetation structure also played a role with trees in forests of a high A being, on average, taller at any given D. After the effects of environment and forest structure are taken into account, two main regional groups can be identified. Forests in Asia, Africa and the Guyana Shield all have, on average, similar H:D relationships, but with trees in the forests of much of the Amazon Basin and tropical Australia typically being shorter at any given D than their counterparts elsewhere. The region-environment-structure model with the lowest Akaike's information criterion and lowest deviation estimated stand-level H across all plots to within a median –2.7 to 0.9% of the true value. Some of the plot-to-plot variability in H:D relationships not accounted for by this model could be attributed to variations in soil physical conditions. Other things being equal, trees tend to be more slender in the absence of soil physical constraints, especially at smaller D. Pantropical and continental-level models provided only poor estimates of H, especially when the roles of climate and stand structure in modulating H:D allometry were not simultaneously taken into account.
Synthesis of Functional Nanomaterials via Colloidal Mask Templating and Glancing Angle Deposition (GLAD)
Authors: Dolatshahi‐Pirouz A. , Jensen T. , Vorup‐Jensen T. , Bech Rikke , Chevallier J. , Besenbacher F. , Foss M. , Sutherland D.S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe present a simple method for the fabrication of separated brush‐like networks with both improved optical and biological properties. The brush networks were fabricated by combing the glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique with colloidal mask templating. By changing the deposition angle during GLAD on the template layers as the amount of platinum deposited per area [surface mass density (g cm−2)] it is possible to create a wide range of reproducible and localized brush‐like networks consisting of high aspect ratio whiskers with different sizes and morphologies. The results presented here indicate that localized surface plasmons are present on the GLAD templated surfaces while cell assays with monocyte cells showed an impaired attachment to the brush structures. Consequently, deposition by means of a colloidal mask templating is indeed a very tunable and suited technique for the fabrication of multifunctional nanomaterials which could have potential impact on devices where both controlled optical properties and cell surface interactions are needed (for instance controlled cell adhesion on optical biosensor materials).
White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Gather Malte C. , Köhnen Anne , Meerholz Klaus 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWhite organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLEDs) offer a range of attractive characteristics and are in several regards conceptually different from most currently used light sources. From an application perspective, their advantages include a high power efficiency that rivals the performance of fluorescent lamps and inorganic LEDs and the potential for a very low cost of manufacturing. As flat‐panel light sources they are intrinsically glare‐free and generate light over a large area. WOLEDs are constantly improving in terms of performance, durability, and manufacturability, but these improvements require joint research efforts in chemistry and the materials sciences to design better materials as well as in physics and engineering to invent new device concepts and design suitable fabrication schemes, a process that has generated many exciting scientific questions and answers. This article reviews current developments in the field of WOLEDs and puts a special focus on new device concepts and on approaches to reliable and cost‐efficient WOLED manufacturing.
Amyloid and tau proteins in cortical brain biopsy and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Leinonen Ville , Koivisto Anne M. , Savolainen Sakari , Rummukainen Jaana , Tamminen Juuso N. , Tillgren Tomi , Vainikka Sannakaisa , Pyykkö Okko T. , Mölsä Juhani , Fraunberg Mikael , Pirttilä Tuula , Jääskeläinen Juha E. , Soininen Hilkka , Rinne Jaakko , Alafuzoff Irina 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveAmyloid‐β(Aβ) aggregates are presumed to be found in the brain at an early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) but have seldom been assessed by brain biopsy during life in often elderly patients.MethodsBetween 1991 and 2006 we evaluated 468 patients with suspected normal pressure hydrocephalus with intraventricular pressure monitoring and a right frontal cortical biopsy sample immunostained for Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau (HPτ). Adequate samples and the clinical follow‐up data until death or the end of 2008, available in 433 cases, were reviewed for the clinical signs of dementia, including AD. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze whether Aβ and/or HPτ in the biopsy samples obtained during life predicted development of cognitive impairment, in particular, AD.ResultsOf the 433 frontal cortical samples, 42 (10%) displayed both Aβ and HPτ, 144 (33%) Aβ only, and 247 (57%) neither Aβ nor HPτ. In a median follow‐up time of 4.4 years, 94 patients (22%) developed clinical AD. The presence of both Aβ and HPτ was strongly associated (odds ratio [OR], 68.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 22.1–210) and Aβ alone significantly associated (OR, 10.8; 95% CI, 4.9–23.8) with the clinical diagnosis of AD.InterpretationThis is the largest follow‐up study of patients assessed for the presence of Aβ and HPτ in frontal cortical brain biopsy samples. 1) The presence of Aβ and HPτ spoke strongly for the presence or later development of clinical AD; 2) Aβ alone was suggestive of AD; and 3) the absence of Aβ and HPτ spoke against a later clinical diagnosis of AD. Ann Neurol 2010;68:446–453
Primary cellular meningeal defects cause neocortical dysplasia and dyslamination
Authors: Hecht Jonathan H. , Siegenthaler Julie A. , Patterson Katelin P. , Pleasure Samuel J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveCortical malformations are important causes of neurological morbidity, but in many cases their etiology is poorly understood. Mice with Foxc1 mutations have cellular defects in meningeal development. We use hypomorphic and null alleles of Foxc1 to study the effect of meningeal defects on neocortical organization.MethodsEmbryos with loss of Foxc1 activity were generated using the hypomorphic Foxc1hith allele and the null Foxc1lacZ allele. Immunohistologic analysis was used to assess cerebral basement membrane integrity, marginal zone heterotopia formation, neuronal overmigration, meningeal defects, and changes in basement membrane composition. Dysplasia severity was quantified using 2 measures.ResultsCortical dysplasia resembling cobblestone cortex, with basement membrane breakdown and lamination defects, is seen in Foxc1 mutants. As Foxc1 activity was reduced, abnormalities in basement membrane integrity, heterotopia formation, neuronal overmigration, and meningeal development appeared earlier in gestation and were more severe. Surprisingly, the basement membrane appeared intact at early stages of development in the face of severe deficits in meningeal development. Prominent defects in basement membrane integrity appeared as development proceeded. Molecular analysis of basement membrane laminin subunits demonstrated that loss of the meninges led to changes in basement membrane composition.InterpretationCortical dysplasia can be caused by cellular defects in the meninges. The meninges are not required for basement membrane establishment but are needed for remodeling as the brain expands. Specific changes in basement membrane composition may contribute to subsequent breakdown. Our study raises the possibility that primary meningeal defects may cortical dysplasia in some cases. Ann Neurol 2010;68:454–464
A Gradient of neuronal loss and meningeal inflammation in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Magliozzi Roberta , Howell Owain W. , Reeves Cheryl , Roncaroli Federico , Nicholas Richard , Serafini Barbara , Aloisi Francesca , Reynolds Richard 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveProminent inflammation with formation of ectopic B‐cell follicle‐like structures in the meninges in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) (SPMS) is associated with extensive cortical pathology and an exacerbated disease course. Our objective was to evaluate the cellular substrates of the cortical damage to understand the role of meningeal inflammation in MS pathology.MethodsUsing >600 tissue blocks from 37 cases of SPMS and 14 non‐neurological controls, we carried out a detailed quantitative analysis of cortical atrophy and layer‐specific changes in cell populations in SPMS cases with (F+ SPMS) and without (F− SPMS) B‐cell follicle‐like structures.ResultsB‐cell follicle‐like structures were detected in the inflamed meninges of 20 of 37 SPMS cases (54%) and were associated with increased subpial cortical demyelination and cortical atrophy. A clear gradient of neuronal loss was observed in grey matter lesions and normal‐appearing grey matter in the motor cortex of F+ SPMS cases. The density of pyramidal neurons was significantly reduced in layers III and V of the motor cortex. Neuronal loss was accompanied by glia limitans damage with astrocyte loss and an opposite gradient of increased density of activated microglia. No gradient of neuronal loss was seen in F− SPMS cases.InterpretationWe demonstrate substantial cortical neurodegeneration and generalized cell loss in progressive MS in association with meningeal inflammation and lymphoid tissue formation, supporting the hypothesis that cytotoxic factors diffusing from the meningeal compartment contribute to grey matter pathology and the consequent increase in clinical disability. Ann Neurol 2010;68:477–493
Kinetic Modeling of Hyperbranched Polymer Synthesis through Atom‐Transfer and Nitroxide‐Mediated Radical Polymerization of Vinyl/Divinyl Monomers
Authors: Gonçalves M. A. D. , Dias R. C. S. , Costa M. R. P. F. N. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractKinetic models describing the controlled radical polymerization (CRP) of vinyl and divinyl monomers are presented. The main focuses of this work are the atom‐transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of n‐butyl acrylate/diacrylate monomers (nBA/diacrylate) and of methyl methacrylate with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (MMA/EGDMA). Nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization (NMRP) of styrene with divinylbenzene (S/DVB) is also considered as a case study. For the three chemical systems, this analysis is restricted to the formation of soluble (hyperbranched) polymers. Particular kinetic mechanisms associated with the synthesis of hyperbranched polymers based on these chemical systems are considered, such as crosslinking involving radicals and double bonds with different reactivities, branching due to polymerization of terminal double bonds and/or chain transfer to polymers, the presence of two isomers in the commercial DVB and thermal polymerization of styrene. For the three polymerization systems, predicted values of dynamics of monomer conversion, molecular weights and z‐average radius of gyration are compared with the measured values of these properties obtained through the characterization by SEC/RI/MALLS of the synthesized materials.
Free‐Radical Acrylic Polymerization Kinetics at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Wang W. , Hutchinson R. A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFree‐radical acrylic homo‐ and copolymerization kinetics are reviewed, focusing on secondary reactions that impact the polymerization rate and polymer molecular weight (MW) under industrially‐relevant synthesis conditions. Dependent on the monomer type (acrylate, methacrylate, styrene), mechanisms that must be considered include chain‐end depropagation, monomer self‐initiation, formation and reaction of midchain radicals, and incorporation of macromonomers formed by β‐scission of midchain radicals. The relative importance of these reactions varies with temperature and, for copolymerization, monomer composition. A comprehensive treatment of these complexities has been completed for polymerizations conducted up to 180 °C, but further work is required to extend the applicability of the model to even higher temperatures.
Modeling of Continuous Dispersion Copolymerization of Styrene and Acrylonitrile in a Polyol Medium
Authors: Pla F. , Fonteix C. , Van der Wal H. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAcrylonitrile and styrene radical copolymerization in a dispersed medium has been investigated. Experiments were carried out in a continuous stirred‐tank reactor in the presence of a stabilizing agent elaborated in situ during polymerization. The continuous phase was a polyol. The numerous elementary chemical mechanisms concerning the copolymerization as well as synthesis and grafting of the stabilizing agent together with several physical phenomena clearly show the complexity of the process. Using justified assumptions and a simplified kinetic scheme, a tendency model of the process was developed, using mass balances and thermodynamics. Its unknown parameters were identified by use of an evolutionary algorithm and experimental data resulting from an adapted experimental strategy. This model was then validated and allowed to forecast, with an acceptable order of magnitude, the number and weight average molecular weights, monomers and transfer agent conversions, amounts of solids, copolymer composition, amounts of grafted copolymer, and average particle diameters versus the operating conditions.