bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective sensory spinal anaesthesia with hypobaric lidocaine for anorectal surgery
Authors: IMBELLONI L. E. , GOUVEIA M. A. , VIEIRA E. M. , CORDEIRO J. A. 
Published: August 2010

Background: Lidocaine has been used for spinal anaesthesia since 1948, seemingly without causing concern until recently. This study aimed at evaluating the feasibility of performing anorectal surgery in outpatient settings with low hypobaric lidocaine doses.Methods: Three groups of 50 patients, physical status ASA I–II, undergoing anorectal surgical procedures in a prone jack‐knife position, received 3 ml (18 mg), 4 ml (24 mg) or 5 ml (30 mg) of hypobaric 0.6% lidocaine. Sensory and motor blockade, time until first urination, ambulation, complications and the need for analgesics were evaluated. Patients were followed until the third post‐operative day.Results: Adequate sensory block was obtained in all patients. Blockade was significantly lower in Group 1. The level at 15 min was L1 with 3 ml, T11 with 4 ml and T10 with 5 ml. Only 24 patients presented a moderate motor block. There was no hypotension, nausea or vomiting, urine retention, transitory neurological symptom or post‐dural puncture headache in any patients. There was one case of bradycardia with 4 ml and two cases with 5 ml.Conclusions: Hypobaric lidocaine predominantly provided a sensory block after injection in the prone jack‐knife position. The smallest dose (3 ml=18 mg) provides sufficient analgesia with a lesser dispersion and a shorter duration. The major advantages were haemodynamic stability and a high degree of patient satisfaction.
Sevoflurane improves myocardial ischaemic tolerance in a closed‐chest porcine model
Authors: LARSEN J. R. , AAGAARD S. , LIE R. H. , SLOTH E. , HASENKAM J. M. 
Published: August 2010

Aims: Volatile anaesthetics prevent experimental myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion injury (I/R) in several species, but this finding is partially inconsistent with clinical evidence. Some experimental models may not accurately represent the complex signal transduction pathways triggered by volatile anaesthetics. We therefore investigated sevoflurane I/R prevention in vivo in a porcine model with greater likeness to human physiology than models previously used and compared it with neutral anaesthetic.Methods and results: Myocardial infarct size [IS/AAR] was compared in three groups of pigs (N=35) randomised to Control anaesthesia (pentobarbital infusion, n=12), sevoflurane inhalation alone (end‐tidal concentration 3.2%) (Sevo, n=9), or both Combined (n=14), throughout ischaemia and reperfusion. Anterior/septal myocardial infarcts resulted from distal LAD coronary artery occlusion by balloon catheter for 45 min followed by 120 min of reperfusion. [IS/AAR] was measured in tetrazolium‐stained heart slices after standardised image processing with computer‐assisted planimetry. Measurements included full invasive monitoring. Control animals developed infarction in 55.0±3.9% (SEM) of the area at risk, Sevo in 17.5±4.4% (P=0.0002), and Combined with pentobarbital in 24.3±3.8% (P=0.0001) of the AAR, sevoflurane reducing infarct size significantly (68% and 60%, respectively).Conclusions: Sevoflurane markedly decreased myocardial infarct size after prolonged coronary occlusion in a porcine model. In addition to novel sevoflurane cardioprotection in the closed‐chest model, which is more comparable to normal human hearts than models previously used, sevoflurane cardioprotection is substantiated in the juvenile intact organism. The perspectives underline recommending volatile anaesthetics in risk patients and in cardiac surgery.
Establishment of a porcine right ventricular infarction model for cardioprotective actions of xenon and isoflurane
Authors: HEIN M. , ROEHL A. B. , BAUMERT J. H. , BANTES B. , BLEILEVENS C. , BERNSTEIN N. , STEENDIJK P. , ROSSAINT R. 
Published: August 2010

Background: Right ventricular (RV) function is an important determinant of post‐operative outcome. Consequences of RV infarction might be limited by pre‐conditioning with volatile anesthetic drugs. Therefore, we used a porcine model of RV ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury to study the influence of isoflurane and xenon on the extent and degree of myocardial injury.Methods: IR injury was induced by a 90‐min ligation of the distal right coronary artery and 120‐min reperfusion in thiopental anesthetized pigs. A control group (n=12) was compared with two groups, which received either 0.55 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) isoflurane (n=10) or xenon (n=12) starting 60 min before ischemia. Myocardial injury was described by three criteria: the infarct size related to area at risk (IS/AAR), the infiltration of neutrophils as determined by myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and the plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interlukin 6 (IL‐6), myoglobin and troponin‐T (TnT).Results: IS/AAR was reduced from 58.3±6.2% in the control group to 41.8±7.8% after isoflurane and 42.7±8.5% after xenon pre‐treatment, which equals an absolute reduction of 16.5% [95% confidence interval (CI): 10.9–22.1] and 15.5% (95% CI: 10.1–20.9). The maximum increase of TnT could be observed within the xenon group. Both treatment groups were characterized by lower MPO activity, in the infarct and periinfarct region and lower plasma concentrations of TNFα and IL‐6.Conclusions: It could be demonstrated for the first time in a model of RV infarction that the continuous application of isoflurane or xenon before, during and after ischemia reduced the extent (size) and severity (inflammation) of myocardial injury.
The inflammatory response to colloids and crystalloids used for pump priming during cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: TAMAYO E. , ÁLVAREZ F. J. , ALONSO O. , CASTRODEZA J. , BUSTAMANTE R. , GÓMEZ‐HERRERAS J. I. , FLOREZ S. , RODRÍGUEZ R. 
Published: August 2010

Background: Systemic inflammatory response frequently occurs after coronary artery bypass surgery and is strongly correlated with the risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality. This study tests the hypothesis that the priming of the extracorporeal circuit with colloid solutions results in less inflammation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery than priming with crystalloid solutions.Methods: A prospective, randomized study was designed. Forty‐four patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting were randomly allocated to one of two groups: 22 patients primed with Ringer's lactate (RL) solution and 22 patients primed with gelatin‐containing solution during the surgery. Plasma levels of interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, C‐reactive protein (CRP) and, complement 4 were measured during the surgical intervention and over the following 48 postoperative hours. Cytokine levels were measured by enzyme‐linked assays from plasma samples obtained at specific time points pre‐ and post‐operatively.Results: In both groups the serum levels of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐6, IL‐8, TNF‐α), CRP, complement 4, and leukocytes increased significantly over the baseline, although no significant differences were observed between the two groups. The operation time, blood loss, need for inotropic support, extubation time, and length of intensive care unit stay did not differ significantly between the two groups.Conclusion: Priming with gelatin vs. RL produces no significant differences in the inflammatory response in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass.
Comparison of three doses of epidural fentanyl followed by bupivacaine and fentanyl for labor analgesia
Authors: SIDDIK‐SAYYID S. M. , TAHA S. K. , AZAR M. S. , HAKKI M. A. , YAMAN R. A. , BARAKA A. S. , AOUAD M. T. 
Published: August 2010

Background: Epidural fentanyl 100 μg after lidocaine–epinephrine test dose has been shown to provide adequate analgesia in early labor. This investigation determines the effect of three different bolus doses of epidural fentanyl on duration and quality of analgesia during early first stage of labor.Methods: In this prospective, double‐blind study, 103 laboring nulliparous at cervical dilation <5 cm were enrolled. After an epidural test dose of lidocaine (60 mg) with epinephrine (15 μg), parturients received, randomly, bolus of epidural fentanyl 50, 75, or 100 μg, followed by a continuous infusion of epidural bupivacaine 0.0625% and fentanyl 3 μg/ml at a rate of 10 ml/h. Pain scores and maternal sedation, pruritus, nausea, and vomiting were recorded 10, 20, and 30 min after fentanyl, and every 30 min thereafter until first request for additional analgesia.Results: Adequate analgesia was achieved in 87% (28/32), 94% (35/38), and 94% (31/33) in the fentanyl 50, 75, and 100 μg groups within 20 min. Mean duration of analgesia before re‐dosing was significantly longer in fentanyl 100 and 75 μg groups (185.6±82.9 and 188.5±82.2 min, respectively) as compared with fentanyl 50 μg group (133.6±46.2 min, P<0.016). There was no difference in the incidence of maternal side effects or neonatal Apgar scores among the three groups.Conclusion: After a test dose of lidocaine–epinephrine, the three epidural fentanyl doses produced similar effective labor analgesia. However, epidural fentanyl 75 μg followed by epidural infusion of dilute bupivacaine and fentanyl produced longer duration of analgesia than fentanyl 50 μg followed by the same infusion, with no further prolongation when the dose of fentanyl was increased up to 100 μg.
High‐volume infiltration analgesia in total knee arthroplasty: a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: ANDERSEN L. Ø. , HUSTED H. , OTTE K. S. , KRISTENSEN B. B. , KEHLET H. 
Published: August 2010

Background: High‐volume infiltration analgesia may be effective with a low risk of side effects in hip and knee arthroplasty. The present placebo‐controlled study was carried out to evaluate the analgesic effect of high‐volume infiltration analgesia in bilateral total knee arthroplasty, along with a detailed description of the infiltration technique.Methods: In a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial in 12 patients undergoing bilateral knee arthroplasty, saline or high‐volume (170 ml) ropivacaine (0.2%) with epinephrine was infiltrated around each knee, with repeated doses administered through an intra‐articular catheter for 24 h and pain and opioid requirements assessed for 48 h in a fast‐track setting.Results: Pain at rest and during movement was significantly reduced for up to 32 h with the high‐volume local anesthetic infiltration technique. No major side effects were observed. The median hospital stay was 4 days.Conclusion: High‐volume infiltration analgesia is effective in knee arthroplasty and, due to its simplicity, may be preferable compared with other analgesic techniques in knee arthroplasty.
Effect of intraoperative magnesium sulphate infusion on pain relief after laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: MENTES O. , HARLAK A. , YIGIT T. , BALKAN A. , BALKAN M. , COSAR A. , SAVASER A. , KOZAK O. , TUFAN T. 
Published: August 2010

Introduction: The aim of the study is to evaluate the analgesic efficiency of perioperative magnesium sulphate infusion in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).Methods: In a randomized, double‐blind trial study, 83 patients were divided into two groups. Group MT received 50 mg/kg i.v. magnesium sulphate in 100 ml of 0.9% normal saline and Group T received the same volume of isotonic saline during the intraoperative period. The cumulative post‐operative tramadol consumption was measured to assess the analgesic effect using a patient‐controlled analgesia device. Pain intensities at rest and while coughing were evaluated at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h post‐operatively.Results: The pain scores in Group MT were significantly lower than Group T at 0, 4, and 12 h post‐operatively. The average of visual analogue scale at rest and during cough during 24 h post‐operatively was found to be statistically significant between groups. The total dose of tramadol the 24‐h period in Group MT and Group T was found to be 281.34±90.82 and 317.46±129.59, respectively.Conclusion: Per‐operative 50 mg/kg magnesium sulphate infusion is effective in reducing post‐operative pain in patients undergoing LC.
Are Monomorphic Species Really Sexually Indistinguishable: No Evidence in Wild Long‐Tailed Finches (Poephila acuticauda)
Authors: Van Rooij Erica P. , Griffith Simon C. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractStudies of sexual selection have focused mainly on dimorphic and/or polygynous species, where males, typically possess more exaggerated secondary sexual characters. However in many species, receiving far less attention, the expression of ornamental traits by females matches that in males. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain sexual monomorphism, including mutual mate choice, genetic correlation, weak sexual selection and sexual indistinguishability. The sexual indistinguishability hypothesis suggests that sexual monomorphism is an adaption to avoid competition in monogamous flock‐living species. Based on measurements of museum skins and domesticated birds in Europe, the Australian long‐tailed finch was classified as a sexually monomorphic species, providing the best empirical support for the sexual indistinguishability hypothesis. Using both domestic and wild long‐tailed finches, we have re‐evaluated the extent to which the sexes are really indistinguishable. Morphological measurements of wing, tail, tail streamers, tarsus, bill and patch size, and colour spectrometric measurements of the yellow upper mandible and grey crown, were compared between the sexes. While the sexes are similar, males and females nonetheless differed in seven of ten traits in wild populations. In domestic populations, the sexes differed to a lesser extent but were still significantly different at three of ten traits, and discriminant analysis showed that 92% of wild individuals and 89% of domestic individuals could reliably be sexed based on just these morphological traits. Contrary to previous work, this study demonstrates that wild long‐tailed finches are sexually dimorphic, and that the similarity between males and females in this species cannot be explained by the sexual indistinguishability hypothesis.
Repertoire Sharing and Song Similarity between Great Tit Males Decline with Distance between Forest Fragments
Authors: Rivera‐Gutierrez Hector F. , Matthysen Erik , Adriaensen Frank , Slabbekoorn Hans 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBirdsong can play a critical role in establishing a territory and finding a mate among individuals from local and foreign populations. Variation in birdsong among populations can be influenced by habitat fragmentation and might affect successful dispersal among habitat fragments. We studied variation in great tit song in a long‐term study population distributed over nine forest fragments. All individual males recorded had a known dispersal history within the fragmented forest habitat. We found spatial structure of declining song‐type sharing with distance, with a marked drop from an individual’s own forest fragment to another across a habitat gap. We also found decreasing song similarity among increasingly distant fragments in terms of temporal and spectral characteristics of shared song types. The change in acoustic structure was more gradual and seemed less affected by habitat discontinuity but also showed a tight correlation with dispersal index among forest fragments. Immigrant birds shared fewer song types with neighbouring birds that were born within the same forest fragment, but not less compared to birds born in another forest fragment within the study area. Our data provide detailed insight into the relationship between song differentiation and male dispersal and contribute to our understanding of the potential role of song in reproductive exchange and avian speciation. The fact that birds in small forest fragments shared more songs than birds in larger forest fragments confirms that song analysis has potential as a tool for conservation in rare species.
Survival of sterile male Mediterranean fruit flies in large field cages after release at different ages
Authors: McInnis D. O. , Paranhos B. J. , Shelly T. E. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) sterile insect technique (SIT) programs worldwide, sterile flies are usually released at 2–3 days of age. However, they usually do not reach full sexual maturity until ca. 5 days of age. We tested whether holding sterile males longer at a fly emergence and release facility, until they were 5 days old, might result in significantly more flies surviving to reach sexual maturity in the field. In large field cages in Hawaii, we released sterile Mediterranean fruit fly males 2 or 5 days old under conditions where food and water were provided, or not provided. Flies were released 2 days after peak emergence in one field cage, while they were released 5 days after peak emergence in a second field cage. The numbers of flies flying out and remaining (dead, dying or non‐flying) in the holding boxes were recorded on the day of fly release. At 5 and 8 days of fly age, the size of the male fly populations were estimated using trimedlure‐baited traps placed into each of the two field cages for a 30‐min period when the numbers of flies trapped were compared. Following six tests (three replications each with and without water and sugar provided), the differences in fly captures (i.e. survival) between 2 days vs. 5 days old releases were highly significant. With food and water provided, several times as many flies from the 5‐day‐old release field cage were captured at 5 and 8 days of age compared to the 2‐day‐old release field cage. These differences were magnified under conditions of no food and water provided. Holding Mediterranean fruit flies longer prior to release, requires more holding space and food, but will lead to significantly greater numbers of sexually mature flies in the field.
Hepato‐biliary clinical trials and their inclusion in the Cochrane Hepato‐Biliary Group register and reviews
Authors: Klingenberg Sarah Louise , Nikolova Dimitrinka , Alexakis Nicholas , Als‐Nielsen Bodil , Colli Agostino , Conte Dario , D'Amico Gennaro , Davidson Brian , Fingerhut Abe , Fraquelli Mirella , Gluud Lise Lotte , Gurusamy Kurinchi , Keus Frederik , Khan Saboor , Koretz Ronald , van Laarhoven Cornelis , Liu Jianping , Myers Robert , Pagliaro Luigi , Simonetti Rosa , Sutton Robert , Thorlund Kristian , Gluud Christian 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground and Aims:  The Cochrane Hepato‐Biliary Group (CHBG) is one of the 52 collaborative review groups within The Cochrane Collaboration. The activities of the CHBG focus on collecting hepato‐biliary randomized clinical trials (RCT) and controlled clinical trials (CCT), and including them in systematic reviews with meta‐analyses of the trials. In this overview, we present the growth of The CHBG Controlled Trials Register, as well as the systematic reviews that have been produced since March 1996.Results:  The CHBG register includes almost 11 000 RCT and 700 CCT publications. The earliest RCT in the register were published in 1955, and the earliest CCT in 1945. From 1945 to 1980, there were less than 100 publications each year. From 1981 to 1997, their number increased from over 100 to 600 a year. After 1997, the number of publications seems to have been decreasing. The CHBG has published 199 protocols for systematic reviews and 107 systematic reviews through to August 2009 in which 21% of the RCT and CCT were included. The CHBG reviews have been cited approximately 1200 times.Conclusions:  A large amount of work has been carried out since 1996. However, there is still much to do, as the CHBG register contains a great number of RCT and CCT on topics that have not yet been systematically reviewed.
Clinical and immunohistochemical features of 34 solid pseudopapillary tumors of the pancreas
Authors: Nguyen Nam Q , Johns Amber L , Gill Anthony J , Ring Nicole , Chang David K , Clarkson Annette , Merrett Neil D , Kench James G , Colvin Emily K , Scarlett Christopher J , Biankin Andrew V 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Clinicopathological data regarding pancreatic solid pseudopapillary tumors (SPT) in a multiethnic country are limited. The aim of the present study was to characterize pancreatic SPT in Australia.Methods:  Clinicopathological features, treatment, immunohistochemical findings and outcome data of 34 patients (79% Caucasian, 12% Asian, 6% South Pacific Islander and 3% African) with pancreatic SPT were reviewed.Results:  The most presenting complaint was abdominal pain. Median diameter of tumors was 60 mm (range: 20–220); predominantly located in the pancreatic tail (tail : body :  head = 23:3:8). All tumors were resected and patients underwent surgery, including a liver resection for metastasis, all patients were alive after a median follow up of 70 months (IQR: 48–178). Two patients underwent repeated surgery for local recurrences with liver metastases after 8 and 18 months, which were successfully managed by surgical resection. Completeness of excision, perineural spread, vascular space invasion, mitotic rate and cellular atypia did not predict recurrence. In all cases, there was aberrant nuclear staining of beta‐catenin and a loss of membranous expression of E‐cadherin with aberrant nuclear localization of the cytoplasmic domain. Most pancreatic SPT were also strongly positive for CD10 (96%), progesterone receptor (79%), cytokeratin (28%), synapthophysin (26%) and chromogranin (15%).Conclusions:  Pancreatic SPT occur in all races and are uniformly indolent. Given complete resection of a pancreatic SPT is usually curative and recurrences can be treated with re‐operation, correct diagnosis is important.
Peritoneal dialysis practice in Australia and New Zealand: A call to action
Authors: JOSE MATTHEW D , JOHNSON DAVID W , MUDGE DAVID W , TRANÆUS ANDERS , VOSS DAVID , WALKER ROWAN , BANNISTER KYM M 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTPeritoneal dialysis technique survival in Australia and New Zealand is lower than in other parts of the world. More than two‐thirds of technique failures are related to infective complications (predominantly peritonitis) and ‘social reasons’. Practice patterns vary widely and more than one‐third of peritoneal dialysis units do not meet the International Society of Peritoneal Dialysis minimum accepted peritonitis rate. In many cases, poor peritonitis outcomes reflect significant deviations from international guidelines. In this paper we propose a series of practical recommendations to improve outcomes in peritoneal dialysis patients through appropriate patient selection, prophylaxis and treatment of infectious complications, investigation of social causes of technique failure and a greater focus on patient education and clinical governance.
SÉZARY SYNDROME: REPORT OF AN AUTOPSY CASE SHOWING SYSTEMIC DEGENERATIVE CHANGE OF THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Authors: Tateishi Ryuhei , Wada Akira , Fujimoto Yukio , Inoue Shozo 
Published: August 2010

SummaryAn autopsy case of Sezary syndrome is presented. Brief clinical records, major gross and microscopic findings are described. The histological findings characterized by a presence of perivascular edema and fibrosis associated with a proliferation of histiomonocytic cells are so striking as to suggest that this exceptional disease may comprise a distinct clinical and anatomical entity. We consider that Sezary syndrome is a reactive reticulosis that is dependent on a primary degenerative state of the connective tissue.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF PRIMARY OSTEOGENIC SARCOMA OF THE URINARY BLADDER
Authors: Kikuchi Kokichi , Nakamura Kyoji , Nakajima Fumio , Ohmuro Hiroshi 
Published: August 2010

SummaryA case of primary osteogenic sarcoma of the urinary bladder is reporte, and 20 comparable cases in the past literatures are reviewed. A careful study must be done before classifying a tumor as an osteogenic sarcoma, because there are many variants of bladder carcinomas.The possible histogenesis of osteogenic sarcoma of the bladder is discussed.