bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emerging digital inequality in early life: Parenting and differential usage of digital devices among urban preschoolers in China
Authors: Liu Airan , Li Wangyang , Li Minyi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the following questions: (1) how Chinese preschoolers’ usage of digital devices differ by their family socioeconomic status (SES), and (2) how socioeconomic differences in children's usage of digital devices can be accounted for by parents’ digital parenting attitudes and behaviors.BackgroundScholars in social stratification and inequality have warned about “Digital Inequality” and argued that the fact that people from different socioeconomic backgrounds differ in their access to digital equipment and their knowledge of how to use digital devices effectively would eventually contribute to social inequality. Unfortunately, most of the current studies on digital inequality focus on the population of adults or adolescents; whether and how digital inequality emerges in early life remains heavily understudied.MethodsWe use data from Early Childhood Study‐The Great Bay Area (ECS‐GB), a regional representative survey conducted in 2018 and designed to assess preschool children's social‐emotional and cognitive development in Guangdong, a coastal province in South China. Our analytical sample consists of 11,445 preschool children aged from 3 to 6 with urban hukou.ResultsOur results show that compared with children from lower‐SES families, preschoolers from higher‐SES families spend less time on digital devices daily, are less likely to use digital devices for prolonged time, and spend significantly less time on non‐education purposed and leisure activities. These socioeconomic differences in children's digital usage in terms of time and types of activities are attributable to the fact that parents of higher SES families impose more restrictions, provide more guidance to their children's digital activities, and are more conscious about their children's digital usage in daily life.ConclusionIn contemporary China, digital inequality emerges in early life and such inequality is closely related to family's digital parenting practices.
Optimizing multiple equipment scheduling for U‐shaped automated container terminals considering loading and unloading operations
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Hong Ziyan , Xi Haoning , Li Jingwen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractU‐shaped automated container terminals (ACTs) represent a strategic design in port infrastructure that facilitates simultaneous loading and unloading operations. This paper addresses the challenges of scheduling multiple types of equipment, such as dual trolley quay cranes (DTQCs), automated guided vehicles (AGVs), double cantilever rail cranes (DCRCs), and external trucks (ETs) in U‐shaped ACTs. This paper proposes a mixed integer linear programming model for optimizing the multiple equipment scheduling, aiming to minimize container completion time and AGV waiting time simultaneously. This paper customizes a hybrid genetic‐cuckoo optimization algorithm (HGCOA) with double‐point crossover and Lévy flight Cuckoo search strategies. Extensive numerical results show that the proposed HGCOA outperforms the benchmark genetic algorithms in terms of solution quality and computational time while significantly improving efficiency without substantial sacrifices in solution quality compared with the exact solution method. Overall, this study presents a promising solution for enhancing coordination and operation efficiency in U‐shaped ACTs.
Exploring factors of adherence to weight loss interventions in population with overweight/obesity: an umbrella review
Authors: Wang Deng , Benito Pedro J. , Rubio‐Arias Jacobo Á. , Ramos‐Campo Domingo J. , Rojo‐Tirado Miguel A. 
Published: May 2024

SummaryAdherence is key for achieving the optimal benefits from a weight loss intervention. Despite the number of studies on factors that promote adherence, their findings suggest inconsistent and fragmented evidence. The aim of this study was to review the existing factors of adherence to weight loss interventions and to find factors that facilitate the design of effective intervention programs. Six databases were searched for this umbrella review; after the screening process, 21 studies were included. A total of 47 factors were identified in six groups as relevant for adherence: (i) sociodemographic (n = 7), (ii) physical activity (n = 2), (iii) dietary (n = 8), (iv) behavioral (n = 4), (v) pharmacological (n = 3), and (vi) multi‐intervention (n = 23). In addition, a map of adherence factors was created. The main findings are that with respect to demographic factors, the development of personalized intervention strategies based on the characteristics of specific populations is encouraged. Moreover, self‐monitoring has been shown to be effective in behavioral, dietary, and multi‐interventions, while technology has shown potential in dietary, behavioral, and multi‐interventions. In addition, multi‐interventions are adherence‐promoting strategies, although more evidence is required on adherence to pharmacological interventions. Overall, the factor map can be controlled and modified by researchers and practitioners to improve adherence to weight loss interventions.
Reduction of MRONJ risk after exodontia by virtue of ozone infiltration: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Di Fede Olga , La Mantia Gaetano , Del Gaizo Carmine , Mauceri Rodolfo , Matranga Domenica , Campisi Giuseppina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionExodontia is commonly considered as a risk factor for the development of medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) in individuals exposed to bone modifying agents. This study was aimed at assessing the efficiency and safety of a gaseous oxygen–ozone mixture as an adjuvant to a standard exodontia to reduce the risk of MRONJ development.MethodsA randomized, open‐label, phase II, single‐center clinical trial involving 117 patients at risk of MRONJ was conducted. The study protocol tested injections of an oxygen–ozone mixture in the post‐extraction site. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: oxygen‐ozone therapy, and standard tooth extraction protocol. Post‐extraction wound healing was assessed using the Inflammatory Proliferative Remodeling (IPR) Wound Healing Scale.ResultsThe oxygen‐ozone therapy group exhibited a significant improvement in wound healing post‐extraction during the inflammatory and proliferative phases, as indicated by the IPR scale scores at 3–5 days (p = 0.006) and 14 days (p < 0.001) respectively.ConclusionOxygen–ozone therapy shows promise in improving post‐extraction healing in patients at risk of MRONJ. Future studies with larger sample sizes and multicenter collaborations are recommended to confirm the validity of these findings and explore the long‐term efficacy of ozone therapy.
Baseline masticatory muscles' performance may predict pain relief in temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Rosati Riccardo , Val Matteo , Manfredini Daniele , Carmagnola Daniela , Fortunati Claudia , Guarda‐Nardini Luca , Dellavia Claudia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo compare masticatory muscles' recruitment in patients with temporomandibular disorders and asymptomatic control subjects. To evaluate if the masticatory muscles' recruitment pattern may predict symptoms' improvement after temporomandibular disorders treatment.Materials and MethodsStandardized surface electromyography of anterior temporalis and superficial masseters muscles were recorded and compared at baseline in 26 patients with arthrogenous temporomandibular disorders (study group) and 26 asymptomatic subjects (control group). The study group was treated pharmacologically and by means of five arthrocentesis sessions. Pre‐, during‐, and post‐treatment pain and mandibular function were assessed and compared among timepoints. Clinical improvement in terms of pain and mandibular function was correlated with pre‐treatment standardized surface electromyography values.ResultsTemporomandibular disorders patients showed improved maximum mouth opening and pain during and after treatment with arthrocentesis compared to baseline (T‐test p < 0.01). Standardized surface electromyography values were significantly different in temporomandibular disorders subjects compared to controls (T‐test p < 0.05). Improvement in pain at rest after treatment was inversely correlated with pre‐treatment masseters standardized surface electromyography symmetry (R‐coefficient 0.3936; p < 0.05).ConclusionsTemporomandibular disorders patients showed a different muscular recruitment pattern compared to controls. The lesser the pre‐treatment masseters symmetry, the greater the improvement of pain at rest after treatment.
The property and function of proteins undergoing liquid‐liquid phase separation in plants
Authors: Yang Xuejiao , Huang Yang , Xia Pengguo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA wide variety of membrane‐less organelles in cells play an essential role in regulating gene expression, RNA processing, plant growth and development, and helping organisms cope with changing external environments. In biology, liquid‐liquid phase separation (LLPS) usually refers to a reversible process in which one or more specific molecular components are spontaneously separated from the bulk environment, producing two distinct liquid phases: concentrated and dilute. LLPS may be a powerful cellular compartmentalisation mechanism whereby biocondensates formed via LLPS when biomolecules exceed critical or saturating concentrations in the environment where they are found will be generated. It has been widely used to explain the formation of membrane‐less organelles in organisms. LLPS studies in the context of plant physiology are now widespread, but most of the research is still focused on non‐plant systems; the study of phase separation in plants needs to be more thorough. Proteins and nucleic acids are the main components involved in LLPS. This review summarises the specific features and properties of biomolecules undergoing LLPS in plants. We describe in detail these biomolecules' structural characteristics, the mechanism of formation of condensates, and the functions of these condensates. Finally, We summarised the phase separation mechanisms in plant growth, development, and stress adaptation.
Association of HLA B‐ and T‐cell molecular mismatches with HLA antibodies, rejection, and graft survival in pediatric kidney transplantation
Authors: Gramkow Ann‐Maria , Baatrup Johanne H. , Gramkow Emilie T. , Thiesson Helle C. , Koefoed‐Nielsen Pernille 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundOptimizing graft survival and diminishing human leukocyte antigen (HLA) sensitization are essential for pediatric kidney transplant recipients. More precise HLA matching predicting epitope mismatches could reduce alloreactivity. We investigated the association of predicted HLA B‐ and T‐cell molecular mismatches with the formation of de novo donor‐specific antibodies, HLA antibodies, rejection, and graft survival.MethodsForty‐nine pediatric kidney transplant recipients transplanted from 2009 to 2020 were retrospectively studied. Donors and recipients were high‐resolution HLA typed, and recipients were screened for HLA antibodies posttransplant. HLA‐EMMA (HLA Epitope MisMatch Algorithm) and PIRCHE‐II (Predicted Indirectly ReCognizable HLA Epitopes) predicted the molecular mismatches. The association of molecular mismatches and the end‐points was explored with logistic regression.ResultsFive recipients (11%) developed de novo donor‐specific antibodies. All five had de novo donor‐specific antibodies against HLA class II, with four having HLA‐DQ antibodies. We found no associations between PIRCHE‐II or HLA‐EMMA with de novo donor‐specific antibodies, HLA sensitization, graft loss, or rejection. However, we did see a tendency towards an increased odds ratio in PIRCHE‐II predicting de novo donor‐specific antibodies formation, with an odds ratio of 1.12 (95% CI: 0.99; 1.28) on HLA class II.ConclusionWhile the study revealed no significant associations between the number of molecular mismatches and outcomes, a notable trend was observed – indicating a reduced risk of dnDSA formation with improved molecular match. It is important to acknowledge, however, that the modest population size and limited observed outcomes preclude us from making definitive conclusions.
The causal relationship between vitiligo and autoimmune thyroid diseases: A bidirectional two‐sample Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Chen Yuhao , Zhang Yunxuan , Liu Wanshu , Huang Xuhao , Luo Xiaoyan , Wang Hua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundVitiligo is an acquired autoimmune depigmented disorder characterized by the presence of white and well‐defined patches on the skin, mucous membrane, or both. It is associated with a significant disease burden and has a profoundly impacts patients' quality of life. Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) result from an autoimmune system dysregulation, leading to an erroneous immune attack on the thyroid gland. Previous observational and epidemiological studies have suggested the association between vitiligo and AITDs. However, the bidirectional cause‐effect relationship between vitiligo and AITDs has not been formally assessed.MethodTwo‐sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to explore potential causal relationships between genetically increased risk of vitiligo and AITDs, using summary statistics from genome‐wide association studies in European populations. Causal effects were primarily estimated using the inverse variance weighted method, and additional quality control was performed using the MR‐Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weight mode methods. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the robustness of the results.ResultsThe forward MR analysis showed a positive causal relationship between vitiligo and autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), autoimmune hyperthyroidism (AIH), and Graves' disease (GD). The odds ratio (OR) were 1.17 (95% CI, 1.01–1.35; p = 0.04), 1.12 (95% CI, 1.03–1.22; p = 0.01), and 1.13 (95% CI, 1.06–1.20; p < 0.01), respectively. In the reverse MR analysis, a positive causal relationship was found between AIT and vitiligo, with an OR of 1.10 (95% CI, 1.01–1.35; p = 0.04). However, no causal relationship was observed between AIH (p = 0.10) or GD (p = 0.61) and vitiligo. Sensitivity analysis revealed no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity.ConclusionsThe genetic‐level investigation provides evidence of a genetic causal association between susceptibility to vitiligo and an increased risk of AITDs. Additionally, the results demonstrate a genetic causal association between susceptibility to AIT and an increased risk of vitiligo, while not indicating a similar association with susceptibility to AIH or GD.
Is the persistence of
Listeria monocytogenes
in food processing facilities and its resistance to pathogen intervention linked to its phylogeny?
Authors: van de Merwe Chandré , Simpson David J. , Qiao Nanzhen , Otto Simon J. G. , Kovacevic Jovana , Gänzle Michael G. , McMullen Lynn M. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

The foodborne pathogen
Listeria monocytogenes
is differentiated into four distinct lineages which differ in their virulence. It remains unknown, however, whether the four lineages also differ with respect to their ability to persist in food processing facilities, their resistance to high pressure, a preservation method that is used commercially for
Listeria
control on ready-to-eat meats, and their ability to form biofilms. This study aimed to determine differences in the pressure resistance and biofilm formation of 59 isolates of
L. monocytogenes
representing lineages I and II. Furthermore, the genetic similarity of 9 isolates of
L. monocytogenes
that were obtained from a meat processing facility over a period of 1 year and of 20 isolates of
L. monocytogenes
from food processing facilities was analyzed to assess whether the ability of the lineages of
L. monocytogenes
to persist in these facilities differs. Analysis of 386 genomes with respect to the source of isolation revealed that genomes of lineage II are over-represented in meat isolates when compared with clinical isolates. Of the 38 strains of
Lm. monocytogenes
that persisted in food processing facilities (this study or published studies), 31 were assigned to lineage II. Isolates of lineage I were more resistant to treatments at 400 to 600 MPa. The thickness of biofilms did not differ between lineages. In conclusion, strains of lineage II are more likely to persist in food processing facilities while strains of lineage I are more resistant to high pressure.

IMPORTANCE

Listeria monocytogenes
substantially contributes to the mortality of foodborne disease in developed countries. The virulence of strains of four lineages of
L. monocytogenes
differs, indicating that risks associated with the presence of
L. monocytogenes
are lineage specific. Our study extends the current knowledge by documentation that the lineage-level phylogeny of
L. monocytogenes
plays a role in the source of isolation, in the persistence in food processing facilities, and in the resistance to pathogen intervention technologies. In short, the control of risks associated with the presence of
L. monocytogenes
in food is also lineage specific. Understanding the route of contamination
L. monocytogenes
is an important factor to consider when designing improved control measures.
A community science approach to public health and public trust in science
Authors: Marizzi Christine , Ajayi Paul Kehinde , McMahon Rita , Meade Philip S. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the importance of health literacy and trust in pandemic management. Collaborating with the community to prepare for pandemics is incredibly effective in fostering understanding and building trust in public health and scientific research.
Genomes of cressdnaviruses, microviruses, a gyrovirus, and a caudovirus identified in the fecal samples of a mallard and double-crested cormorant
Authors: Khalifeh Anthony , Sahnan Shawnpreet , Kale Shubham , Olivo Diego , Lund Michael C. , Kraberger Simona , Varsani Arvind 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Mallards and double-crested cormorants have a broad distribution across North America. In the fecal sample from two individual mallard and double-crested cormorant, we determined the genomes of a caudovirus, microviruses (
n
= 6), cressdnaviruses (
n
= 35), and a gyrovirus (chicken anemia virus, CAV). Here, we report double-crested cormorant as a CAV host.
Complete genome sequence of a
Salmonella enterica
strain of serovar Agona associated with an outbreak in France
Authors: Romero Karol , Chesnais Virginie , Vorimore Fabien , Tran Mai-Lan , Douarre Pierre-Emmanuel , Leblanc Jean-Charles , Cadel-Six Sabrina 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

We report here the complete genome of one
Salmonella
Agona strain isolated in 2017 from a dried milk powder in France.
Supplemental Material: Deep lithospheric controls on surface deformation and seismicity around the East Anatolian Fault Zone and A3 Triple Junction
Authors: Delph Jonathan R. , Darin Michael H. , Whitney Donna L , Cosca Michael A. , Teyssier Christian , Kaymakci Nuri , Eken Tuna , Reid Mary , Beck Susan L. 
Published: May 2024

<p>Explanation on the creation of the lithospheric strength profiles. Table S1. Parameters used to calculate yield strength envelopes. </p>
Acceptability of the Venting Wisely pathway for use in critically ill adults with hypoxaemic respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): a qualitative study protocol
Authors: Krewulak Karla D , Knight Gwen , Irwin Andrea , Morrissey Jeanna , Stelfox Henry Thomas , Bagshaw Sean M , Zuege Danny , Roze des Ordons Amanda , Fiest Kirsten , Parhar Ken Kuljit Singh 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionHypoxaemic respiratory failure (HRF) affects nearly 15% of critically ill adults admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). An evidence-based, stakeholder-informed multidisciplinary care pathway (Venting Wisely) was created to standardise the diagnosis and management of patients with HRF and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Successful adherence to the pathway requires a coordinated team-based approach by the clinician team. The overall aim of this study is to describe the acceptability of theVenting Wiselypathway among critical care clinicians. Specifically, this will allow us to (1) better understand the user’s experience with the intervention and (2) determine if the intervention was delivered as intended.Methods and analysisThis qualitative study will conduct focus groups with nurse practitioners, physicians, registered nurses and registered respiratory therapists from 17 Alberta ICUs. We will use template analysis to describe the acceptability of a multicomponent care pathway according to seven constructs of acceptability: (1) affective attitude;,(2) burden, (3) ethicality, (4) intervention coherence, (5) opportunity costs, (6) perceived effectiveness and (7) self-efficacy. This study will contribute to a better understanding of the acceptability of theVenting Wiselypathway. Identification of areas of poor acceptability will be used to refine the pathway and implementation strategies as ways to improve adherence to the pathway and promote its sustainability.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the University of Calgary Conjoint Health Research Ethics Board. The results will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at a scientific conference.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.govNCT04744298.
Association between loneliness and cigarette smoking attitudes among university students in Iran: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zahedi Hamideh , Sajjadi Seyyede Leila , Sahebihagh Mohammad Hasan , Sarbakhsh Parvin 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesDuring the last two decades, cigarette smoking witnessed a global increase in use, especially among youth. Loneliness is one of the possible psychosocial determinants of smoking. This study examined the association between loneliness and attitudes towards cigarette smoking among university students of Iran.DesignCross-sectional study.Setting and participantsThis study was conducted among 538 university students, who were recruited using the cluster random sampling method. Loneliness and smoking attitudes of the samples were assessed using the revised version of the University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale and the Scale of Cigarette Smoking Attitude (CSA). Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multivariable regression analysis were used to analyse the data.ResultsFrom a total of 538 participants, 301 (59.9%) students were young women. The mean age of the students was 22.2±2.9 years. Only 56 (10.4%) of the students were married and 370 (87.9%) of them were lived with their families. 131 (24.3%) students experienced cigarette smoking. In terms of university-related characteristics, 205 (38.1%) of the students studied in the faculty of medicine. Also, 30% of the students had a positive or indifferent attitude towards smoking, while 26.4% of the students reported feeling lonely. The mean scores for loneliness and CSA were 41.42±11.29 and 48.64±11.2, respectively. Statistically, a significant positive correlation was found between loneliness and CSA (r=0.289; p<0.001). After controlling for potential confounders by regression analysis, loneliness scores were also positively associated with CSA scores (B: 0.14; 95% CI 0.097 to 0.18).ConclusionsAccording to the positive association between loneliness and students’ CSA, paying more attention to the state of loneliness in college students, examining situations and reasons that increase it and identifying the interventions that might reduce it are necessary. Reducing loneliness among college students can correct their attitudes towards smoking.