bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Banded structures in dual-phase steels – A novel characterization method
Authors: Krebs Benoit , Germain Lionel , Gouné Mohamed , Hazotte Alain 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
A simple to implement and original automated method is presented to quantify the intensity and wavelength of “banded structures”, i. e. microstructures presenting irregular and parallel bands enriched in a given phase. This method is based on the analysis of the covariance function of binary images. It is firstly tested on model representative images. It is compared with a conventional method derived from the ASTM E-1268 standard and appears to present a higher robustness with regard to preparation artifacts. Then, it is applied to real microstructures of dual-phase steels, which show more or less regular martensite-enriched bands in a ferrite matrix. The method is capable of efficiently discriminating dual-phase microstructures resulting from different thermo-mechanical routes.
Temperature dependence of rapidly thermally annealed Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin film fabricated on platinized Si substrate
Authors: Lou Jian-Zhong , Sun Jie , Chen Jiang-En , Li Xiao-Hong , Zhao Qing-Xun , Zhang Xiang-Yi , Liu Bao-Ting 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Sol-gel prepared Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 (BST) thin films were prepared on platinized silicon substrate and annealed by rapid thermal annealing at temperatures ranging from 650 °C to 850 °C. X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and electrical measurements were used to investigate the temperature dependence of the structural and physical properties of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin film. The dielectric constants of BST samples annealed at 700 °C and 750 °C, measured at zero-bias electric field, are 166 and 193, respectively. It is found that all the prepared BST films show Ohmic-like conduction at low voltages except for the 650 °C annealed BST sample, for which Ohmic conduction covers the whole measured voltage range; BST films annealed at 700 °C, 750 °C and 800 °C demonstrate Poole–Frenkel emission conduction at high voltages, while BST film annealed at 850 °C presents Schottky emission behavior.
Fast Prediction of Injection Pressure and Minimal Front Temperature for Injection Moulding
Authors: Zhao P. , Fu J. , Zhou H. , Yan B. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Fast prediction of injection pressure and minimal front temperature can usually be used to optimize the process parameters for injection moulding. In this paper, a fast strip analysis (FSA) model was presented on the basis of a geometric approximation method, which simplifies an original part to a rectangular edge-gated strip. The dimensions of the rectangular strip were calculated through the original part's geometric mesh by using graph theory. Subsequently, a finite difference method was employed to simulate a non-isothermal and unidirectional flow in the strip. Numerical examples show that although FSA model is an approximation method, its results are approximately identical to that of detailed CAE software, while the running time of the proposed model is several magnitudes less than that of CAE software.
Use of an interlocking nail-hybrid fixator construct for distal femoral deformity correction in three dogs
Authors: Wendelburg K. M. , Sereda C. W. , Reese D. J. , Wheeler J. L. , Lewis D. D. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryOur purpose was to report the use of an inter-locking nail-hybrid external fixator construct to correct distal femoral deformities in three dogs. Radiographs, computed tomography and a three-dimensional model were used to plan the surgical procedure. A femoral osteotomy or ostectomy was performed at the level of the centre of rotation of angulation in all three dogs. Angular and rotational deformities were corrected acutely. Distraction osteo-genesis was performed to lengthen each femur postoperatively. All three dogs had additional anatomic abnormalities of the affected hindlimb complicating the correction of the distal femoral deformity. While the interlocking nail-hybrid fixator construct allowed for stable distraction of the femur, all three dogs developed complications during the postoperative convalescent period, and each had some degree of residual lameness. Lengthening the femur following acute deformity correction is problematic and additional experimental and clinical studies are warranted to decrease postoperative morbidity and improve functional results.
Observer variation in the evaluation and classification of severe central tarsal bone fractures in racing Greyhounds
Authors: Innes J. F. , McConnell F. , Guilliard M. J. , Ness M. G. , Hodson D. , Young I. S. , Hercock C. A. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryObjectives: To determine observer agreement on radiographic evaluation of central tarsal bone (CTB) fractures and compare this with evaluation of the same fractures using computed tomography (CT).Methods: Radiographs and CT scans were obtained of the right tarsi from limbs of Greyhounds euthanatized after sustaining severe CTB fracture during racing. Four observers described and classified each fracture. Inter- and intra-observer agreements were calculated.Results: Inter-observer agreement was higher for assessment of fractures using CT. Several fractures assessed by radiography were mis-classified as a less severe type. Intra-observer agreement for assessment and classification of CTB fractures via radiography versus CT was variable. Overall agreement among all four observers was higher for CT than radiography. Additionally, when identifying fractures of the adjacent tarsal bones, observer agreement was higher for CT than radiography.Clinical significance: Computed tomography improved observer ability to correctly evaluate CTB fracture and detect the degree of displacement and extent of any comminution. Identification of fractures of adjacent tarsal bones was also improved when tarsi were assessed using CT. These data suggest that treatment decisions based solely on radiographic assessment of CTB fractures may not produce the expected outcome.
Effect of use of different landmark methods on determining stifle angle and on calculated tibial tuberosity advancement
Authors: Bowlt K. , Gines J.A. , Owen M. R. , Bush M. A. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryObjectives: Firstly, to investigate the effect that using different landmarks has on the measured stifle angle. Secondly, to determine whether any differences in measured stifle angle would lead to variations in the required extent of tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA).Methods: Three greyhound stifles were positioned in a total of 66 different angles. Radiographic exposures of each stifle angle were made. For each radiograph i) the stifle angle was measured using each of three sets of landmarks and ii) the extent of TTA required to obtain a patella tendon angle of 90° was measured. Each radiograph was plotted graphically according to the stifle angle and the extent of TTA required. Linear regression analysis was used to calculate the TTA required for a stifle angle of 135° measured using each of the three landmark sets.Results: On average, the stifle angle determined by the Long Axes method differed by 18° from the stifle angle determined with the Kinematic method. The stifle angle determined using the Eminence method differed from that determined using the Kinematic method by three degrees. The use of the Long Axes of the tibia and femur as landmarks to determine a stifle angle resulted in 5 mm and 4 mm over-advancement of the tibial tuberosity compared to the use of Kinematic or Eminence landmark methods respectively.Clinical significance: The method used to measure the stifle joint angle can influence the value of the required TTA advancement. This is an additional variable that should be considered during TTA planning and when comparing in vivo and in vitro studies.
De la formation continue à la formation initiale : observation du didactique et effets de formation
Authors: Vinson Martine , Dugal Jean-Paul 
Published: March 2011

Résumé Cet article présente une tentative d’importation d’une formation à l’observation du didactique de la formation continue à la formation initiale. Il propose succinctement dans un premier temps le dispositif initial ou « ateliers didactiques » mis en œuvre avec un groupe de professeurs PS (PS) en Éducation physique et sportive (EPS), puis quelques éléments d’une « recherche coopérative » associant chercheur et praticiens et fonctionnant pendant trois ans dans le cadre de la formation continue. Lors de cette dernière, la mise en évidence d’un certain nombre d’effets de formation a fait naître l’idée d’une tentative d’importation de cette action en formation initiale avec les PS dans le temps cependant restreint de leur année de stage. La suite de l’article relate les transformations et les adaptations nécessaires pour construire le nouveau dispositif de formation, sur lequel se greffe une recherche qui étudie les effets de ce dispositif. Cette étude montre des avancées, notamment le développement des compétences d’observation et d’analyse de la pratique mais aussi des difficultés, i.e relation théorie/pratique.
Le dopage : entre culpabilité individuelle et responsabilité collective
Authors: Bette Karl-Heinrich 
Published: March 2011

Résumé Malgré les violations globales des normes, le dopage continue toujours à être déclaré et attribué presque exclusivement au comportement déviant de personnes particulières dans le discours public. Au centre de l’attention se trouvent les athlètes mais également les entraîneurs, dirigeants, managers, médecins ou pharmaciens. On leur reproche des actes perfides de tromperie cachés derrière une façade de loyauté, soutenus ou tolérés afin d’augmenter les performances athlétiques ou de supprimer les véritables désavantages ou simplement redoutés par rapport à des concurrents. Dans une telle perspective, on peut désigner clairement et directement les individus qui se trouvent sur une fausse piste ou qui sont des individus fautifs. Le point de vue développé ici est que l’on pourrait mettre à sec durablement le « marais du dopage » qui s’est développé entre-temps, par la combinaison de contrôles, de punitions et un réarmement moral accompagnateur. Sans clarifier les contextes et les arrière-plans du dopage, on personnalise, moralise et singularise les délits de dopage.
Isolation, Characterization and Quantity Determination of Aristolochic Acids, Toxic Compounds in Aristolochia bracteolata L.
Authors: Abdelgadir Abdelgadir A. , Ahmed Elhadi M. , Eltohami Mahgoub Sharif 
Published: February 2011

Background Aristolochic Acids (AAs) are major components of plants in Aristolochia and have been found to be nephrotoxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic. Herein reported are the isolation, identification and quantity determination methods of Aristolochic Acid-I (AA-I) and Aristolochic Acid-II (AA-II) toxic compounds of Aristolochia bracteolata indigenous to Central Sudan and medicinally used in diverse biological functions including analgesic and diuretic effects, treatment of tumors, malaria and/or fevers. Methods and results AAs mixture was extracted with methanol from the defatted material of Aristolochia bracteolata whole plant at room temperature and was isolated from the aqueous methanol extract by chloroform. Moreover, Silica-gel column chromatography and Preparative Thin Layer Chromatography (PTLC) using chloroform/methanol gradient mixtures were used to isolate AAs mixtures as a yellow crystalline solid. A preliminary detection of AAs was made by Thin Layer Chromatography (silica-gel, chloroform: methanol (6:1)). The Rf value of the acids mixture was 0.43-0.46. The presence of AAs in plant sample was confirmed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Ultraviolet (HPLC/UV) analysis using 1% acetic acid and methanol (40:60) as mobile phase and maximum absorption wave length of 250 nm. Quantitative determination of AA-II (49.03 g/kg) and AA-I (12.98 g/kg) was also achieved by HPLC/UV. Recommendation It is recommended that the use of Aristolochia bracteolata as a medicinal plant should be extremely limited or strictly prohibited. The chromatograms obtained in this study can serve as fingerprints to identify AAs in plant samples.
Higher Rank Wavelets
Authors: Olphert Sean , Power Stephen C. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract A theory of higher rank multiresolution analysis is given in the setting of abelian multiscalings. This theory enables the construction, from a higher rank MRA, of finite wavelet sets whose multidilations have translates forming an orthonormal basis in L2(ℝd). While tensor products of uniscaled MRAs provide simple examples we construct many nonseparable higher rank wavelets. In particular we construct Latin square wavelets as rank 2 variants of Haar wavelets. Also we construct nonseparable scaling functions for rank 2 variants of Meyer wavelet scaling functions, and we construct the associated nonseparable wavelets with compactly supported Fourier transforms. On the other hand we show that compactly supported scaling functions for biscaled MRAs are necessarily separable.
Rank One Reducibility for Metaplectic Groups via Theta Correspondence
Authors: Hanzer Marcela , Muić Goran 
Published: March 2011

Abstract We calculate reducibility for the representations of metaplectic groups induced from cuspidal representations of maximal parabolic subgroups via theta correspondence, in terms of the analogous representations of the odd orthogonal groups. We also describe the lifts of all relevant subquotients.
Enabling Hygienic Behavior among Preschoolers: Improving Environmental Conditions through a Multifaceted Intervention
Authors: Rosen Laura , Zucker David , Brody David , Engelhard Dan , Meir Marina , Manor Orly 
Published: March 2011

Purpose. Environmental conditions often serve as critical enabling factors for health promotion. This article describes the effect of a preschool hygiene intervention program on classroom environmental conditions. Design. Cluster randomized trial, with randomization at the level of the preschool. Setting. State-run preschools in Jerusalem. Subjects. Forty secular and religious Jerusalem preschools (including 1029 children). Intervention. A multidisciplinary hygiene intervention that included changes to the preschool environment. Measures. Presence of soap, soap dispenser, paper towel, paper towel dispenser, cloth towels, communal cup, or personal cups. Analysis. Generalized estimating equations and Fisher's exact test were used to estimate the effect of the intervention program on environmental conditions. Results. Information was obtained from most (97.9%) visits. Baseline environmental hygienic conditions were poor. Relative to the control group, the following environmental conditions were better in the intervention group after program implementation: soap (odds ratio [OR] = 14.7; p < .01), paper towels (OR = 13.5; p < .01), communal cups (OR = .05; p < .01), soap dispensers (secular preschools only, p < .01), individual cups (secular, p < .01; religious, OR = 18.7; p < .02). Conclusions. Environmental hygiene in the Israeli preschools studied was deficient at baseline but amenable to change. Improvement in environmental conditions was a necessary enabling factor for the changes in hand-washing behavior that were observed among the children. Sustained environmental change is possible in the preschool environment. (Am J Health Promot 2011;25[4]:248–256.)
Effects of Resistance Training on Functional Ability in Elderly Individuals
Authors: Fahlman Mariane M. , McNevin Nancy , Boardley Debra , Morgan Amy , Topp Robert 
Published: March 2011

Purpose. Determine the effects of 16 weeks of strength training on measures of functional ability in elderly who are functionally limited. Design. Quasi-experimental trial in which elderly volunteers were assigned to either an exercise group or a control group. Participants. Eighty-seven participants (65–93 years) living independently but with some functional limitations. Intervention. Thirteen different strength training exercises using Thera-Band resistive bands (Hygenic Corporation, Akron, Ohio). The program was 16 weeks in duration, and the frequency was three times per week. Participants exercised in a group setting one time per week and were given a home exercise book to follow for two additional sessions per week. Measures. Functional ability was operationalized to include a variety of measures related to functional ability that impact activities of daily living, morbidity, and mortality in the elderly, including upper- and lower-body strength and gait. Analysis. Intervention effects were analyzed using a 2 (groups: exercise group vs. control group) X 3 (time: baseline vs. mid vs. post) analysis of variance. Results. The exercise group demonstrated significant improvements in upper-body strength as measured by biceps curl (F[2,140] = 39.870; p < .05) and lower-body strength as measured by chair sit-to-stand (F[2,124] = 25.887; p < .05). Gait velocity (F[2,140] = 37.317; p < .05) and step length (F[2,140] = 4.182; p < .05) both increased for the exercise group at week 9, but this increase disappeared by week 17. Compared with minimal changes in the control group, the exercise group demonstrated significant improvements in upper-body strength as measured by biceps curl and lower-body strength as measured by chair sit-to-stand. Conclusion. Some measures of function ability were improved after a 16-week structured exercise program for functionally limited elderly. Because functional ability has been inversely correlated with short-term morbidity and the need for assisted living among older adults, providing opportunities to exercise is crucial to future functioning and independence of the elderly population. (Am J Health Promot 2011;25[4]:237–243.)
Impact Evaluation of a Pilot Web-Based Intervention to Increase Physical Activity
Authors: Grim Melissa , Hortz Brian , Petosa Rick 
Published: March 2011

Purpose. The purpose of this pilot study was to conduct an impact evaluation of a 10-week Web-based physical activity intervention. Design. Quasi-experimental, three-group pretest, posttest design. Setting. Large Midwestern university. Subjects. Participants (N = 233) included college students registered for three courses. The study employed a convenience sample consisting of a Web-based group (n = 108), a physical activity group (n = 64), and a general health group (n = 61). Intervention. The Web-based group received a Social Cognitive Theory behavioral skill-building intervention and exercised 3 days per week in their leisure time. The physical activity group received exercise instruction and was required to attend three physical activity labs per week. The comparison group received health instruction. Measures. Outcome variables included moderate and vigorous physical activity, self-regulation, social support, self-efficacy, and outcome expectations and expectancies. Analysis. Differences between groups were assessed at pretest and posttest using multiple analyses of variance. Results. Vigorous physical activity, self-regulation, and outcome expectancy value changed significantly in the Web-based and physical activity course groups (p < .01). Conclusions. Even with consideration of limitations such as small sample size and lack of randomization, the Web-based and traditional physical activity lecture and activity lab interventions were superior in eliciting changes in vigorous physical activity, self-regulation, and outcome expectancy value than a traditional health course. (Am J Health Promot 2011;25[4]:227–230.)
Effectiveness and Cost of Two Stair-Climbing Interventions—Less is More
Authors: Olander Ellinor K. , Eves Frank F. 
Published: March 2011

Purpose. The current study compared two interventions for promotion of stair climbing in the workplace, an information-based intervention at a health information day and an environmental intervention (point-of-choice prompts), for their effectiveness in changing stair climbing and cost per employee. Design. Interrupted time-series design. Setting. Four buildings on a university campus. Subjects. Employees at a university in the United Kingdom. Interventions. Two stair-climbing interventions were compared: (1) a stand providing information on stair climbing at a health information day and (2) point-of-choice prompts (posters). Measures. Observers recorded employees' gender and method of ascent (n = 4279). The cost of the two interventions was calculated. Analysis. Logistic regression. Results. There was no significant difference between baseline (47.9% stair climbing) and the Workplace Wellbeing Day (48.8% stair climbing), whereas the prompts increased stair climbing (52.6% stair climbing). The health information day and point-of-choice prompts cost $773.96 and $31.38, respectively. Conclusion. The stand at the health information day was more expensive than the point-of-choice prompts and was inferior in promoting stair climbing. It is likely that the stand was unable to encourage stair climbing because only 3.2% of targeted employees visited the stand. In contrast, the point-of-choice prompts were potentially visible to all employees using the buildings and hence better for disseminating the stair climbing message to the target audience. (Am J Health Promot 2011;25[4]:231–236.)
The Association between Objectively Measured Neighborhood Features and Walking in Middle-Aged Adults
Authors: Wilson Lee-Ann M. , Giles-Corti Billie , Burton Nicola W. , Giskes Katrina , Haynes Michele , Turrell Gavin 
Published: March 2011

Purpose. Explore the role of the neighborhood environment in supporting walking. Design. Cross-sectional study of 10,286 residents of 200 neighborhoods. Participants were selected using a stratified two-stage cluster design. Data were collected by mail survey (68.5% response rate). Setting. Brisbane City Local Government Area, Australia, 2007. Subjects. Brisbane residents aged 40 to 65 years. Measures. Environmental: street connectivity, residential density, hilliness, tree coverage, bikeways, and streetlights within a 1-km circular buffer from each resident's home; and network distance to nearest river or coast, public transport, shop, and park. Walking: minutes walked in the previous week: <30 minutes, ≥30 to <90 minutes, ≥90 to <150 minutes, ≥150 to <300 minutes, and ≥300 minutes. Analysis. The association between each neighborhood characteristic and walking was examined using multilevel multinomial logistic regression, and the model parameters were estimated using Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. Results. After adjustment for individual factors, the likelihood of walking for more than 300 minutes (relative to <30 minutes) was highest in areas with the most connectivity (odds ratio [OR] = 1.93; 99% confidence intervals [CI], 1.32–2.80), greatest residential density (OR = 1.47; 99% CI, 1.02–2.12), least tree coverage (OR = 1.69; 99% CI, 1.13–2.51), most bikeways (OR = 1.60; 99% CI, 1.16–2.21), and most streetlights (OR = 1.50; 99% CI, 1.07–2.11). The likelihood of walking for more than 300 minutes was also higher among those who lived closest to a river or the coast (OR = 2.06; 99% CI, 1.41–3.02). Conclusion. The likelihood of meeting (and exceeding) physical activity recommendations on the basis of walking was higher in neighborhoods with greater street connectivity and residential density, more streetlights and bikeways, closer proximity to waterways, and less tree coverage. Interventions targeting these neighborhood characteristics may lead to improved environmental quality as well as lower rates of overweight and obesity and associated chromic disease. (Am J Health Promot 2011;25[4]:e12–e21.)