bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study on the Utilization of Ursodeoxycholic Acid Through Electrospinning Optimization
Authors: won Shin Ye , Lee Jeong Chan , In Soo Hwan , Park Chan Hee , Kim Cheol Sang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUrsodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a tertiary bile acid synthesized by the liver and has various functions such as promoting bile secretion, antibacterial effect, inflammatory treatment, cholesterol reduction, and degradation. UDCA seems to be a material that can be applied in many aspects, such as adding it to implant coating materials or wound coatings. However, until now, only experiments and studies have been conducted to administer UDCA orally as a drug. In this paper, research was conducted to serve as a foothold for the application of UDCA to in vitro research. In this study, polymer fibers were prepared using electrospinning technology by mixing UDCA with Polycaprolactone(PCL), a biocompatible polymer. Through various analyses, it was confirmed that UDCA was contained in the electrospun membrane. In addition, it was confirmed that UDCA functions properly through the appearance of antimicrobial properties in antimicrobial experiments. The PCL/UDCA electrospun fiber prepared in this study and the analysis results using it show that UDCA can be applied not only to oral drugs but also to various fields such as wound coverings and stent coating membranes.
Exploring Anticancer Potential: Synthesis and Assessment of the Biological Activity of Novel Synthesized Pyrazinoic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Alizadeh Shaghayegh , Akhlaghi Shiva , Mostoufi Azar , Nosratyan Ali , Fereidoonnezhad Masood 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOne of the most effective approaches to discovering novel drugs for cancer treatment involves the exploration of new synthetic compounds. The pyrazinoic acid or pyrazine‐2‐carboxylic acid (PA)‐derivative compounds can be explored as a new anticancer agent due to their nitrogenous heteroaromatic ring. In this study, ten novels PA derivatives were synthesized by Ugi multicomponent reaction and characterized using IR, NMR, and mass spectroscopy. The cytotoxic activity was assayed in three different cancer cell lines, including colon (HT‐29), lung (A549), and breast (MCF‐7). The U10 was the most potent compound, exhibiting moderate cytotoxicity with IC50of 8.26 μM, 8.23 μM, and 22.58 μM against HT‐29, A549, and MCF‐7 cell lines, respectively. In addition, the effect of U10 exposure in the MRC‐5 cell line as a non‐tumoral lung cell line showed a selectivity index of 3.76. The apoptotic activity and intracellular ROS level induction of U10 were assayed in MCF‐7 cells. The results demonstrated that apoptosis increases from 23.94 % at 10 μM to 36.8 % at 25 μM. Intracellular ROS level assay showed that U10 was able to significantly increase intracellular ROS by increasing the concentration. Molecular docking was utilized to predict the binding sites and interactions between the synthesized compound and DNA, as well as the Bcl‐2 apoptosis regulator.
Synthesis of Schiff‐Base Allied Silanes for the Photophysical Detection of Cr(III) Ion And In‐Silico Staphylococcus Aureus Inhibiting Activity
Authors: Singh Gurjaspreet , Thakur Yamini , Priyanka  , Gupta Sofia , Tamana  , Malik Pooja , Singh K. N. , Singh Jandeep , Singh Gurleen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChromium is known to play an important role in various metabolic pathways; however, its excessive use can result in negative impact on mankind, this necessitates the development of sensors for Cr(III) ion. The current study has incorporated the synthesis of ether derived Schiff base allied silanes 4 a–4 d, which have been characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectrometry. The spectroscopic technique of UV‐visible has been utilized to study the sensing behaviour of probe 4 a, resulting in a good sensing ability towards Cr(III) ion, yielding a detection limit of 4.2×10−7 M and an association constant value of 2.25×106 M−1. In order to study the stoichiometric binding between probe and metal ion, Job's plot method has been employed which shows 1 : 1 binding ratio. The mechanism of binding has been studied via 1H NMR, UV‐visible, FT‐IR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The binding has been further supported by DFT. The real sample analysis has been performed to validate the utility of the synthesized sensor in practical applications. The theoretical tool of molecular docking has been considered to study the protein‐ligand interaction between S. aureus bacterial protein and ligand 4 a, yielding a value of −7.63 kcal/mol for binding energy.
Thiazole as an Indispensable Scaffold in Anti‐Leukemic Agents: A Semicentennial Review
Authors: Sharma Shailendra , Das Rudradip , Jadhav Madhav , Shard Amit 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLeukemia affects the body‘s blood‐forming tissues, especially the bone marrow and lymphatic system. Leukemia incidence varies between communities and between pathological kinds. Many treatment modalities exist for leukemia, such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiation therapy, bone marrow transplantation, immunotherapy, and the engineering of immune cells to fight leukemia. Leukemia might be treated with a variety of pharmaceuticals, the most popular of which are imatinib (Gleevec), dasatinib (Sprycel), nilotinib (Tasigna), obinutuzumab (Gazyva), venetoclax (Venclexta), and so on. Thiazole is one of the scaffolds that are actively explored in leukemia. Derivatives having the thiazole nucleus have been surfacing as potent candidates in the treatment of leukemia for quite sometime now, but a consolidated report accumulating all these ventures is absent. Numerous naturally occurring substances, including flavones, alkaloids, anabolic steroids, and vitamin B1 (thiamine), include the basic thiazole molecule. Thiazole derivatives have been researched for their possible therapeutic effects in the treatment of leukemia. Thus, this review comprising reports regarding the effect of different thiazole‐based species in leukemia is a timely effort to the best of our knowledge. This review covers the chronological development of antileukemic thiazole‐based molecules, their synthesis, biological activity, and structure–activity relationships.
Modified Starch from Mango Pickling Industry Waste: Comparison of Physical and Chemical Modification
Authors: Shivaswamy Gouthami , Rudra Shalini Gaur , Singh Anupama , Kumar Rajesh , Das Debarup , Goswami Amit Kumar , Thakur Anamika 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on extracting, modifying, and characterizing mango kernel starch (MKS) from raw pickling mango waste. Two physical and two chemical techniques: heat‐moisture treatment (HMT), ultrasound (US), sodium tri‐metaphosphate (STMP), and octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) are employed for modification. HMT and STMP reduce swelling power and solubility due to structural changes, while US and OSA treatments enhance these properties by disrupting intermolecular bonds and weakening hydrogen bonds within the starch granules. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra demonstrate changes in absorption peaks, intensities, and positions in the modified starches, confirming successful structural alterations. X‐ray diffraction patterns indicate A‐type and C‐type patterns for native and modified starches, revealing alterations in crystallinity driven by modification techniques. Water binding capacity (WBC) generally increased in modified starches compared to native starch. Changes in amylose content and pasting properties are observed. Modified starches display higher thermal stability. Furthermore, starch retrogradation is affected by these modifications, with STMP and OSA modification treatments slowing it down, HMT and US treatments promoting it. Results demonstrate that native and modified MKS can be versatile ingredients for various industries. Chemically modified MKS excelled in crystallinity and hindered retrogradation, making it beneficial for edible coatings and baked goods. Physically modified MKS demonstrated accelerated retrogradation and suited for extruded snacks.
Sounds of Silence: Sharing Wordless Picturebooks in the Classroom
Authors: Young Terrell A. , Kganetso Lynne Watanabe , Ricks Paul H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWordless picturebooks are most often used in classroom settings as writing prompts or scaffolds for developing language proficiency. This article introduces and describes a teacher‐led instructional practice that we call silent orchestration. The practice provides a place and space for students' personal transactions with wordless picturebooks situated in a community of learners. Silent orchestration has three main components: preparation, guided exploration, and appreciation. Each component is described and illustrated with an extended vignette from a fifth‐grade classroom.
Fetal lower urinary tract obstruction: international Delphi consensus on management and core outcome set
Authors: Mustafa H. J. , Khalil A. , Johnson S. , Gordijn S. J. , Ganzevoort W. , Melling C. , Koh C. J. , Mandy G. T. , Kilby M. D. , Johnson A. , Quintero R. A. , Ryan G. , Shamshirsaz A. A. , Nassr A. A. ,   on behalf of the LUTO Working Group
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo reach an international expert consensus on the diagnosis, prognosis and management of fetal lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) by means of a Delphi procedure, and to use this to define a core outcome set (COS).MethodsA three‐round Delphi procedure was conducted among an international panel of experts in fetal LUTO. The panel was provided with a list of literature‐based parameters to consider for the diagnosis, prognosis, management and outcomes of LUTO. A parallel procedure was conducted with patient groups during the development of the COS.ResultsA total of 168 experts were approached, of whom 99 completed the first round and 80/99 (80.8%) completed all three rounds of the study questionnaires. Consensus was reached that, in the first trimester, an objective measurement of longitudinal bladder diameter of ≥ 7 mm should be used to suspect LUTO. In the second trimester, imaging parameters suggestive of LUTO could include enlarged bladder, keyhole sign, bladder wall thickening, bilateral hydronephrosis, bilateral hydroureteronephrosis and male sex. There was 79% agreement that the current prognostic scoring systems in the literature should not be used clinically. However, experts agreed on the value of amniotic fluid volume (at < 24 weeks) to predict survival and that the value of fetal intervention is to improve the chance of neonatal survival. Experts endorsed sonographic parameters suggestive of renal dysplasia, at least one vesicocentesis, and renal biochemistry for prognosis and counseling, but these items did not reach a consensus for determining candidacy for fetal intervention. On the other hand, imaging parameters suggestive of LUTO, absence of life‐limiting structural or genetic anomalies, gestational age of ≥ 16 weeks and oligohydramnios (defined as deepest vertical pocket < 2 cm) should be used as candidacy criteria for fetal intervention based on expert consensus. If bladder refill was evaluated, it should be assessed subjectively. Vesicoamniotic shunt should be the first line of fetal intervention. In the presence of suspected fetal renal failure, serial amnioinfusion should be offered only as an experimental procedure under research protocols. A COS for future LUTO studies was agreed upon.ConclusionInternational consensus on the diagnosis, prognosis and management of fetal LUTO, as well as the COS, should inform clinical care and research to optimize perinatal outcomes. © 2024 The Author(s). Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
A systematic review of population‐based studies on metachronous metastases of colorectal cancer
Authors: Nyström Karin , Olsson Louise 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe occurrence of metachronous metastases (MM) of colorectal (CRC), colon (CC), and rectal (RC) cancer of population‐based studies has not been compiled in a systematic review previously.MethodsMEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for primary studies of any design from inception until January 2021 and updated in August 2023 (CRD42021261648). The PRISMA guidelines were adopted, and the Newcastle‐Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale used for risk of bias assessment. Outcomes on overall and organ‐specific MM were extracted. A narrative analysis followed.ResultsOut of 2143 unique hits, 162 publications were read in full‐text and 37 population‐based cohort studies published in 1981–2022 were included. Ten studies adopted time‐dependent analyses; eight were registry‐based and seven had a low risk of bias. Three studies reported 5‐year recurrence rate of MM overall of stages I–III; for CRC, it was 20.5%, for CC, it was 18% and 25.6%, and for RC, it was 23%. Four studies reported 5‐year recurrence rate of organ‐specific MM of stages I–III—for CRC, it was 2.2% and 5.5% for peritoneal metastases and 5.8% for lung metastases and for CC 4.5% for peritoneal metastases. Twenty‐seven studies reported proportions of patients diagnosed with MM, but data on the length of follow‐up was incomplete and varied widely. Proportions of patients with CRC stages I–III that developed MM overall was 14.4%–26.1% in 10 studies. In relation to the enrollment period, a downward trend may be discernible.ConclusionStudies adopting a more appropriate analysis were highly heterogeneous, whereas uncertain data of partly inadequate studies may indicate that MM are overall declining.
Articulating Safety and Climate Change
Authors: Bieder Corinne 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWith the increasing number of climate-related events and the growing public awareness of climate change and its potential consequences, new challenges emerge including for high-risk industries and the way to manage their safety. Ignoring the interrelations between the two societal stakes that are climate change and safety might lead to critical situations. This chapter identifies the questions raised by addressing the interplay between safety and climate change at both conceptual and practical levels. It also suggests perspectives for safety science and scientists to have a more significant contribution in this unprecedented context.
Surface Water
Authors: Liu Junguo , Mao Ganquan , Zhang Shuyu , Liu Xiaomang , Feng Lian , Wang Zifeng , Chen He , Pokhrel Yadu , Dang Huy , Wang Hong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis chapter assesses surface water changes due to climate change and human activities, by particularly examining runoff and streamflow. Changes in the hydrological cycle due to climate change and human intervention can lead to diverse environmental impacts and risks. Fresh water is the agent that delivers many of the impacts of climate change on society. As the major component of freshwater systems, surface water has been significantly altered across basins in terms of spatial and temporal characteristics. The comprehensive understanding of the current status of surface water in the LMRB, such as the distributions and patterns of runoff changes across the Lancang-Mekong River Basin was completed through the high-resolution river network extraction and sophisticated hydrological models. Significant but different trends were found in the seasonal and annual runoff from the LMRB due to different reasons. Over the period of 1971–2010, the annual streamflow shows a general downward trend due to the continued enhancement of human activities. Runoff in the dry season is found to increase faster than the mean annual runoff. As for the spatial distribution, significant trends in streamflow were observed mainly in the middle basin and east of the lower basin. Superimposed on the substantial seasonal cycles is the noticeable lake shrinkage in recent years, especially the Tonle Sap Lake. Evidently decreased inundation was found in most years in the recent two decades from 2000 to 2018. An evident decreasing trend in runoff caused by climate change in the high correlation zone of the Tonle Sap Lake, mainly due to the precipitation decreasing, indicates that climate change contributed to the decrease in water level in the Tonle Sap Lake in addition to human activities. In addition to the decreases in the runoff, streamflow and water level in the Tonle Sap Lake, a significant (p < 0.05) downward trend in the baseflow was also found from 1980 to 2007. Unlike the historical changes in runoff, previous studies projected with high confidence an increasing trend for streamflow in the LMRB, regardless of the climate forcings and models used. However, the flow regime is highly susceptible to a variety of drivers, e.g., dam construction, irrigation expansion, land-use change and climate change. Substantial changes are expected in both annual and seasonal flow, along with a generally increasing trend. Although hydropower development exhibits a limited influence on total annual flows, it has the largest seasonal impact on streamflow, with an increase in the dry season and a decrease in the wet season, by outweighing those of the other drivers.
Arsenic in Hydro-geo-biospheres of the Mekong River Watershed: Implications for Human Health
Authors: Zheng Yan , Xu Bin , Liu Jingyu , Shen Yating , Phan Kongkea , Bostick Benjamin C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis chapter assesses human health risks of inorganic arsenic (As) from drinking well water and consumption of rice irrigated by high-As groundwater in the Mekong River Delta. Geogenic inorganic As (iAs) occurring at elevated levels in groundwater has been detected in more than 70 countries. Among mostly rural residents relying on groundwater for drinking, this exposure has resulted in negative health consequences including visible skin lesions, multiple internal organ cancers, numerous invisible non-cancer health effects such as cardiovascular diseases, and premature deaths. In the Mekong River Delta (MRD, defined by elevation <10 m above sea level in this book), As issues in groundwater have been documented as early as 1999 in Cambodia, with literature reporting its occurrence in Vietnam since 2005. Since the early 2000s, efforts have been made to test for As in about 100,000 wells from Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam and Thailand. Here, a combined dataset with a total of 94,768 unique As tests was analyzed to illustrate the spatial patterns and to assess the health risks of drinking well water As in Cambodia and in southern Vietnam. Although knowledge is far more limited, an attempt was also made to examine the potential health risks associated with iAs exposure from rice, a major staple for the MRD. Here, irrigation using highly As enriched groundwater for rice cultivation has expanded this environmental health problem from the hydrosphere (water) to the geosphere (soil) and, in turn, the biosphere (rice, and ultimately humans). Of 41,928 tests in Cambodia, 35.8% exceeded 10 μg/L, the WHO guideline value for drinking water As, while 21.5% exceeded 50 μg/L, the Cambodian drinking water standard. Of 52,858 tests in Vietnam, the exceedance rate for 10 μg/L, which is also the Vietnamese drinking water standard, is 10.0%. High As wells, regardless of whether it is relative to 10 or 50 μg/L, are located in proximity to the main course of the Mekong-Bassac Rivers, especially within a 5 km distance. The vast majority (>98%) of high-As wells are located in low-lying areas, i.e. <25 m elevation in Cambodia and <10 m elevation in Vietnam. High-As wells occur frequently at shallow depths (<70 m) across the MRD but also at deeper depths (300–500 m) in Vietnam. Due to the clustering of high As wells along the Mekong-Bassac Rivers, extreme human health tolls are identified in 11 districts of Cambodia and 3 districts of Vietnam with a population attributable fraction exceeding 0.1, meaning that >1 in every 10 adult deaths is solely due to drinking water As exposure. The annual excess deaths attributable to arsenic exposure alone is 1204 in Cambodia and 1486 in Vietnam, or 1 in every 27 adult deaths and 1 in every 78 adult deaths, respectively. In addition to uncertainties in bioavailability and toxicity of iAs in rice grains, soil and rice As data, especially rice As speciation data needed for risk assessment, are still limited in the MRD.
Integrated River Basin Management
Authors: Jia Shaofeng , Lyu Aifeng , Zhu Wenbin , Gojenko Boris 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntegrated River Basin Management (IRBM) involves the integration of the multiple uses of water, the integration of multiple properties of water: water disaster, water resources, waterways, water environment, water ecology, water landscape and water culture, and the integration of water by space: upstream vs downstream, left bank vs right bank. The main problems of IRBM within the Lancang-Mekong River Basin includes flood disaster, navigation and its impact to basin cooperation, contradiction between development and protection, and public security in a framework of cooperation and integration. It has been a general concern for Mekong countries to manage water conservancy engineering and coordinate water supply, navigation, fishery, power generation, and water disaster management. All stakeholders put great emphasis on water conservancy engineering management in terms of basin planning, domestic and cross-border project construction, and cooperation mechanisms. In order to ensure the sustainable use of water resources, a series of continuously updated plans were proposed. Those plans set goals and provided measures for the rational and sustainable development of the resources in the basin, and meanwhile, it also put forward a mechanism to offset the adverse effects. The development of international navigation has deepened win-win cooperation, strengthened regional economic exchanges and tourism development, promoted regional prosperity among China, Laos, Myanmar and Thailand. The basin has abundant fishery resources and has the world’s third most diverse fish population, with 1,148 fish species, after the Amazon and Congo River Basins. Mekong countries have different needs for the development of fishery resources due to their different geographical locations and economic development, and thus very little cooperation in fisheries has been carried out among Mekong countries. The basin’s ecohydrological management involves environmental flow, water quality, soil erosion and sedimentation, aquatic organism and underground water protection. The current measures include enhancing monitoring, scientific assessment, rational regulation of water system, the establishment of natural reserves, and international cooperation. Climate change and construction of dams are both critical challenges faced by the basin in terms of ecohydrological management in the 21st century.