bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of remifentanil on measures of anesthetic immobility and analgesia in cats
Authors: Brosnan Robert J. , Pypendop Bruno H. , Siao Kristine T. , Stanley Scott D. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate effects of various doses of remifentanil on measures of analgesia in anesthetized cats.
Animals—6 healthy adult cats.
Procedures—Minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) for isoflurane and thermal threshold responses were evaluated in anesthetized cats. Remifentanil infusions of 0 (baseline), 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 μg/kg/min were administered; after a 45-minute equilibration period, isoflurane MAC and responses were determined. Isoflurane MAC was determined in anesthetized cats once for each remifentanil infusion rate by use of a standard tail clamp technique. Thermal threshold was measured in awake cats by use of a commercially available analgesiometric probe placed on the lateral portion of the thorax; remifentanil infusions were administered in randomized order to anesthetized cats, and thermal threshold determinations were made by an investigator who was unaware of the infusion rate.
Results—Mean ± SEM median effective concentration (EC50) for remifentanil and its active metabolite, GR90291, for the thermal threshold test was 1.00 ± 0.35 ng/mL and 307 ± 28 ng/mL of blood, respectively. Dysphoria was detected in all awake cats at the 2 highest remifentanil infusion rates. However, isoflurane MAC during remifentanil infusions was unchanged from baseline values, even at blood opioid concentrations approximately 75 times the analgesic EC50.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Immobility and analgesia as reflected by thermal threshold testing were independent anesthetic end points in the cats. Results of MAC-sparing evaluations should not be used to infer analgesic potency without prior validation of an MAC-analgesia relationship for specific drugs and species.
Evaluation of scintigraphy to assess incorporation of intercalary cortical bone grafts in sheep
Authors: Seaman Jeffrey A. , Pluhar G. Elizabeth , Rose Nathan D. , Weinstein Jeff I. , Guo Hongfei , Anderson Kari L. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate scintigraphy, radiography, and histomorphometric analysis for assessing incorporation of intercalary bone grafts and to compare incorporation of cortical autografts and allografts by the recipient.
Animals—12 skeletally mature sheep.
Procedures—A 5-cm tibial defect was filled with a cortical allograft (n = 6) or autograft (6) and stabilized with an interlocking nail. Radiography, scintigraphy, and fluorochrome bone labeling were performed every 3 months for 24 months. Radiographic evaluation included grading of the host and graft union and assessment of implants and grafts. Technetium-99m-hydroxymethylene diphosphonate radionuclide uptake was measured. Sheep were euthanatized 24 months after surgery, and bone formation was evaluated via histomorphometric analysis of fluorochrome labeling.
Results—Complete union was detected on radiographs by 21 months in all sheep but developed earlier in sheep that received an autograft versus in those that received an allograft. Radionuclide uptake peaked at 3 months and returned to presurgical values at 12 months. Histomorphometric analysis revealed fluorochrome labeling corresponding to each time point, with most bone formation at 9 through 15 months. Scintigraphy findings did not correlate well with fluorochrome labeling of newly formed bone.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although bone production around cortical bone grafts was detected by use of scintigraphy, this method did not provide accurate assessment of graft incorporation in sheep. Furthermore, bone produced by activated periosteum could not be distinguished scintgraphically from bone that replaced the graft. Intercalary autografts healed more rapidly and had greater incorporation into the host bone, compared with findings for allografts.
Results of a survey to estimate cattle movements and contact rates among beef herds in California, with reference to the potential spread and control of foot-and-mouth disease
Authors: Marshall Edith S. , Carpenter Tim E. , Thunes Clair 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Objective—To estimate contact rates and movement variables for shipments of beef cattle to and from producer premises in California.
Design—Cross-sectional survey.
Sample Population—583 beef producers in California.
Procedures—Questionnaires were developed and distributed to beef cattle producers in California. The study period was from April 20, 2005, through September 7, 2006. Data from completed questionnaires were entered manually into an electronic format. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed.
Results—Median number of interstate animal movements (movement of cattle into or out of California) was 0.17/mo; on the basis of this median, beef cattle were moved interstate > 2 times/y. Respondents kept beef cattle at up to 5 locations throughout the year. More than 40% of the movements from the respondents' premises were to a sale yard or auction facility.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Frequency of animal movements in this statewide study differed from values in another study of monthly shipments of animals to and from beef operations in 3 counties of California. The survey reported here revealed more frequent movements of animals to and from beef operations of all sizes. In addition, there were more high-risk indirect contacts on beef operations than has been reported previously. However, the number of low-risk indirect contacts was similar for small beef operations but less for large beef operations than has been reported elsewhere. Epidemic simulation models for California based on data in earlier studies likely underpredicted disease transmission involving beef herds.
Association of the X-Chromosomal GenesTIMP1andIL9Rwith Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: BURKHARDT JANA , PETIT-TEIXEIRA ELISABETH , TEIXEIRA VITOR HUGO , KIRSTEN HOLGER , GARNIER SOPHIE , RUEHLE SANDRA , OESER CHRISTIAN , WOLFRAM GRIT , SCHOLZ MARKUS , MIGLIORINI PAOLA , BALSA ALEJANDRO , WESTHOVENS RENÈ , BARRERA PILAR , ALVES HELENA , PASCUAL-SALCEDO DORA , BOMBARDIERI STEFANO , DEQUEKER JAN , RADSTAKE TIMOTHY R. , Van RIEL PIET , van de PUTTE LEO , BARDIN THOMAS , PRUM BERNARD , BUCHEGGER-PODBIELSKI ULRIKE , EMMRICH FRANK , MELCHERS INGA , CORNELIS FRANÇOIS , AHNERT PETER 
Published: September 2009

Objective.Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory joint disease with features of an autoimmune disease with female predominance. Candidate genes located on the X-chromosome were selected for a family trio-based association study.Methods.A total of 1452 individuals belonging to 3 different sample sets were genotyped for 16 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 7 genes. The first 2 sets consisted of 100 family trios, each of French Caucasian origin, and the third of 284 additional family trios of European Caucasian origin. Subgroups were analyzed according to sex of patient and presence of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) autoantibodies.Results.Four SNP were associated with RA in the first sample set and were genotyped in the second set. In combined analysis of sets 1 and 2, evidence remained for association of 3 SNP in the genesUBA1, TIMP1,andIL9R.These were again genotyped in the third sample set. Two SNP were associated with RA in the joint analysis of all samples: rs6520278 (TIMP1) was associated with RA in general (p = 0.035) and rs3093457 (IL9R) with anti-CCP-positive RA patients (p = 0.037) and male RA patients (p = 0.010). A comparison of the results with data from whole-genome association studies further supports an association of RA withTIMPLThe sex-specific association of rs3093457 (IL9R) was supported by the observation that men homozygous for rs3093457-CC are at a significantly higher risk to develop RA than women (risk ratio male/female = 2.98; p = 0.048).Conclusion.We provide evidence for an association of at least 2 X-chromosomal genes with RA:TIMP1(rs6520278) andIL9R(rs3093457).
The Minimally Important Difference for Patient Reported Outcomes in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Including the HAQ-DI, Pain, Fatigue, and SF-36
Authors: COLANGELO KIM J. , POPE JANET E. , PESCHKEN CHRISTINE 
Published: September 2009

Objective.We studied patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in 1 clinical practice, and patients enrolled in the 1000 Canadian Faces of Lupus database, to determine the minimally important difference (MID) for pain, fatigue, sleep, Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI), and Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36) Physical Component Score (PCS) and SF-36 Mental Component Score (MCS) using a patient-reported overall health status anchor.Methods.Patients with SLE who had 2 consecutive clinic visits and completed a HAQ-DI and a pain, fatigue, and sleep visual analog scale (VAS) (0–100), and an overall health status question: “How would you describe your overall status since your last visit?”: much better, better, the same, worse, or much worse were included. Those who self-rated as better or worse were considered the “minimally changed” subgroups. Patients with 2 consecutive annual visits in the 1000 Canadian Faces of Lupus database who completed the SF-36 and health transition question were eligible.Results.There were 202 patients in London, Ontario (94% women, mean age 50 yrs, mean disease duration 10 yrs). MID for better and worse on a VAS (0–100) were: pain (−15.8, 8.5), fatigue (−13.9, 9.1), and sleep problems (−8.6, 7.6). The MID for HAQ-DI (scale 0 to 3) was −0.08 (better) and 0.14 (worse). The MID for SF-36 was 2.1 (better) and −2.2 (worse) for the PCS and 2.4 (better) and −1.2 (worse) in the MCS.Conclusion.The MID in patients with SLE may be different bidirectionally depending on the measured outcome. The mean change observed for those reporting better than worse outcome in pain and fatigue was greater for better versus worst, in contrast to the HAQ, where the mean change was greater for worsening.
The Importance of Biological Databases in Biological Discovery
Authors: Baxevanis Andreas D. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBiological databases play a central role in bioinformatics. They offer scientists the opportunity to access a wide variety of biologically relevant data, including the genomic sequences of an increasingly broad range of organisms. This unit provides a brief overview of major sequence databases and portals, such as GenBank, the UCSC Genome Browser, and Ensembl. Model organism databases, including WormBase, the Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR), and those made available through the Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) resource are also covered. Non‐sequence‐centric databases such as Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), the Protein Data Bank (PDB), MetaCyc, and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) are also discussed. Curr. Protoc. Bioinform. 27:1.1.1‐1.1.6. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Searching Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) for Information on Genetic Loci Involved in Human Disease
Authors: Borate Bhavesh , Baxevanis Andreas D. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractOnline Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a comprehensive compendium of information on human genes and genetic disorders, with a particular emphasis on the interplay between observed phenotypes and underlying genotypes. This unit focuses on the basic methodology for formulating OMIM searches and illustrates the types of information that can be retrieved from OMIM, including descriptions of clinical manifestations resulting from genetic abnormalities. This unit also provides information on additional relevant medical and molecular biology databases. A basic knowledge of OMIM should be part of the armamentarium of physicians and scientists with an interest in research on and clinical aspects of genetic disorders. Curr. Protoc. Bioinform. 27:1.2.1‐1.2.13. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An Introduction to Sequence Similarity (“Homology”) Searching
Authors: Stormo Gary D. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractHomologous sequences usually have the same, or very similar, functions, so new sequences can be reliably assigned functions if homologous sequences with known functions can be identified. Homology is inferred based on sequence similarity, and many methods have been developed to identify sequences that have statistically significant similarity. This unit provides an overview of some of the basic issues in identifying similarity among sequences and points out other units in this chapter that describe specific programs that are useful for this task. Curr. Protoc. Bioinform. 27:3.1.1‐3.1.7. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Using OrthoCluster for the Detection of Synteny Blocks Among Multiple Genomes
Authors: Vergara Ismael A. , Chen Nansheng 
Published: September 2009

AbstractSynteny blocks are composed of two or more orthologous genes conserved among species, resulting from speciation from their last common ancestor. OrthoCluster (Zeng et al., 2008) is a fast and easy‐to‐use program for the identification of synteny blocks among multiple genomes. It allows users to identify synteny blocks that contain different types of mismatches, and to decide whether they require conservation of gene orientation and conservation of gene order within the blocks. OrthoCluster can also be used to find duplicated blocks within genomes. Although genes and their correspondence are usually used as input for OrthoCluster, in fact, OrthoCluster can be applied using any type of markers as input as long as their relationships can be established. OrthoClusterDB provides a Web interface for running OrthoCluster with user‐defined datasets and parameters, as well as for browsing and downloading precomputed synteny blocks for different groups of genomes. Curr. Protoc. Bioinform. 27:6.10.1‐6.10.18. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Extracting Biological Meaning from Large Gene Lists with DAVID
Authors: Huang Da Wei , Sherman Brad T. , Zheng Xin , Yang Jun , Imamichi Tomozumi , Stephens Robert , Lempicki Richard A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractHigh‐throughput genomics screening studies, such as microarray, proteomics, etc., often result in large, “interesting” gene lists, ranging in size from hundreds to thousands of genes. Given the challenges of functionally interpreting such large gene lists, it is necessary to incorporate bioinformatics tools in the analysis. DAVID is a Web‐based application that provides a high‐throughput and integrative gene functional annotation environment to systematically extract biological themes behind large gene lists. High‐throughput gene functional analysis with DAVID will provide important insights that allow investigators to understand the biological themes within their given genomic study. This unit will describe step‐by‐step procedures to use DAVID tools, as well as a brief rationale and key parameters in the DAVID analysis. Curr. Protoc. Bioinform. 27:13.11.1‐13.11.13. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Asbestos fiber concentration in the area surrounding a former asbestos cement plant and excess mesothelioma deaths in residents
Authors: Kumagai Shinji , Kurumatani Norio 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackgroundMany persons who had lived near a former asbestos cement plant (AC plant) died from mesothelioma in Amagasaki city, Japan.MethodsAsbestos fiber concentration in the area surrounding the AC plant was estimated so that the female mesothelioma death number predicted by a mathematical model was the same as the observed excess death number. We used the estimated asbestos fiber concentration to predict the excess mesothelioma deaths from 1970 to 2049.ResultsIn a grid just south of the AC plant, the fiber concentration was estimated to be more than 3 f/ml for KM (asbestos potency factor for mesothelioma) of 7.75 × 10−9. An uncertainty factor of five yields a KM range 1.55 × 10−9 to 38.8 × 10−9; these in turn correspond to fiber concentrations of 15 and 0.6 f/ml. For KM = 7.75 × 10−9, grid units with higher fiber concentrations than 0.01 f/ml were estimated to extend 4.1 km (95% CI: 3.8–4.4 km) south‐southwest of the plant. Over the 80‐year study period (1970 to 2049), we predicted that the exposure under study will cause 346 excess mesothelioma deaths with range of 296 to 382 deaths.ConclusionsThis prediction suggests that considerable medical resources will be needed through 2049 as a result of past asbestos exposure in this region. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:790–798, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Computational investigation of the conformational profile of the four stereomers of Ac‐L‐Pro‐c3Phe‐NHMe (c3Phe= 2,3‐methanophenylalanine)
Authors: Rodriguez Alejandro , Canto Josep , Corcho Francesc J. , Perez Juan J. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe present report regards a computational study aimed at assessing the conformational profile of the four stereoisomers of the peptide Ace‐Pro‐c3Phe‐NMe, previously reported to exhibit β‐turn structures in dichloromethane with different type I/type II β‐turn profiles. Molecular systems were represented at the molecular mechanics level using the parm96 parameterization of the AMBER force field. Calculations were carried out in dichloromethane using an implicit solvent approach. Characterization of the conformational features of the peptide analogs was carried out using simulated annealing (SA), molecular dynamics (MD) and replica exchange molecular dynamics (REMD). Present results show that MD calculations do not provide a reasonable sampling after 300 ns. In contrast, both SA and REMD provide similar results and agree well with experimental observations. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 92: 518–524, 2009.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Conformational properties of angiotensin II and its active and inactive TOAC‐labeled analogs in the presence of micelles. Electron paramagnetic resonance, fluorescence, and circular dichroism studies
Authors: Vieira Renata F. F. , Casallanovo Fábio , Marín Nélida , Paiva Antonio C. M. , Schreier Shirley , Nakaie Clóvis R. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe interaction between angiotensin II (AII, DRVYIHPF) and its analogs carrying 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl‐4‐amino‐4‐carboxylic acid (TOAC) and detergents —negatively charged sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and zwitterionicN‐hexadecyl‐N,N‐dimethyl‐3‐ammonio‐1‐propanesulfonate (HPS)—was examined by means of EPR, CD, and fluorescence. EPR spectra of partially active TOAC1‐AII and inactive TOAC3‐AII in aqueous solution indicated fast tumbling, the freedom of motion being greater at the N‐terminus. Line broadening occurred upon interaction with micelles. Below SDS critical micelle concentration, broader lines indicated complex formation with tighter molecular packing than in micelles. Small changes in hyperfine splittings evinced TOAC location at the micelle‐water interface. The interaction with anionic micelles was more effective than with zwitterionic micelles. Peptide‐micelle interaction caused fluorescence increase. The TOAC‐promoted intramolecular fluorescence quenching was more pronounced for TOAC3‐AII because of the proximity between the nitroxide and Tyr4. CD spectra showed that although both AII and TOAC1‐AII presented flexible conformations in water, TOAC3‐AII displayed conformational restriction because of the TOAC‐imposed bend (Schreier et al., Biopolymers 2004, 74, 389). In HPS, conformational changes were observed for the labeled peptides at neutral and basic pH. In SDS, all peptides underwent pH‐dependent conformational changes. Although the spectra suggested similar folds for AII and TOAC1‐AII, different conformations were acquired by TOAC3‐AII. The membrane environment has been hypothesized to shift conformational equilibria so as to stabilize the receptor‐bound conformation of ligands. The fact that TOAC3‐AII is unable to acquire conformations similar to those of native AII and partially active TOAC1‐AII is probably the explanation for its lack of biological activity. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 92: 525–537, 2009.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Salt tolerant membrane adsorbers for robust impurity clearance
Authors: Riordan William T. , Heilmann Steven M. , Brorson Kurt , Seshadri Kannan , Etzel Mark R. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractClearance of impurities such as viruses, host cell protein (HCP), and DNA is a critical purification design consideration for manufacture of monoclonal antibody therapeutics. Anion exchange chromatography has frequently been utilized to accomplish this goal; however, anion exchange adsorbents based on the traditional quaternary amine (Q) ligand are sensitive to salt concentration, leading to reduced clearance levels of impurities at moderate salt concentrations (50–150 mM). In this report, membrane adsorbers incorporating four alternative salt tolerant anion exchange ligands were examined for impurity clearance: agmatine, tris‐2‐aminoethyl amine, polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), and polyethyleneimine. Each of these ligands provided greater than 5 log reduction value (LRV) for viral clearance of phage ϕX174 (pI ∼ 6.7) at pH 7.5 and phage PR772 (pI ∼ 4) at pH 4.2 in the presence of salt. Under these same conditions, the commercial Q membrane adsorber provided no clearance (zero LRV). Clearance of host‐cell protein at pH 7.5 was the most challenging test case; only PHMB maintained 1.5 LRV in 150 mM salt. The salt tolerance of PHMB was attributed to its large positive net charge through the presence of multiple biguanide groups that participated in electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions with the impurity molecules. On the basis of the results of this study, membrane adsorbers that incorporate salt tolerant anion exchange ligands provide a robust approach to impurity clearance during the purification of monoclonal antibodies. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Fermentative Herstellung der α,ω‐Dicarbonsäure 1,18‐Oktadecendisäure als Grundbaustein für biobasierte Kunststoffe
Authors: Zibek S. , Wagner W. , Hirth T. , Rupp S. , Huf S. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractLangkettige, ungesättigte Dicarbonsäuren stellen interessante Monomere für die Herstellung von neuen Polyamiden und ‐estern dar. Chemisch sind diese nur schwer darstellbar, daher stellt die fermentative Herstellung eine attraktive Alternative dar. Durch Untersuchung von Wachstums‐ und Produktionsparametern konnte der Herstellungsprozess von 1,18‐Oktadecendisäure mit dem Stamm Candida tropicalis verbessert und neue Erkenntnisse gewonnen werden.