bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parents as transition experts? Qualitative findings from a pilot parent‐led peer support group
Authors: Kingsnorth S. , Gall C. , Beayni S. , Rigby P. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackground  This paper focuses on the introduction of parents as ‘transition experts’ within a paediatric rehabilitation hospital. Through the personal experience of raising a young adult with special healthcare needs, Family Facilitators are knowledgeable about the processes of social and healthcare service transfer and transition to adulthood. Following a needs assessment, a pilot transition support group was established for parents of youth who were eligible for augmentative communication support. The goal was to provide informational, emotional and affirmational support during this stressful period. This study examined the impact of the Family Facilitator‐led Transition Peer Support Group on parents' knowledge, skill and level of support in planning for the future.Methods  Qualitative methods were used to explore benefits, limitations and outcomes of the parent support group. In addition to a review of 10 narrative field notes maintained for each session by the Family Facilitator and four session feedback forms, a 90‐min focus group was conducted with eight core members.Results  Qualitative examination of the data revealed three themes: (i) increased awareness related to personal challenges in planning and shifting viewpoints on future orientation; (ii) increased active planning with regard to knowledge building and actions taken; and (iii) the value of experiential knowledge.Conclusions  Parents reported gaining new knowledge and became more active and future‐oriented in their planning. Further, they strongly valued the facilitator role and benefited from the social support provided by the group. Findings provide a unique snapshot of parental needs. Individualized support with an emphasis on citizenship, participation and inclusion were targeted topics. Future work should continue to explore optimal mechanisms for the provision of parent‐focused transition support and the inclusion of parents as experts within healthcare settings.
Systems of care: transition from the bio‐psycho‐social perspective of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health
Authors: Kraus de Camargo O. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackground  The transition process of vulnerable adolescents, including those with complex health conditions, occurs in all domains of their life. Systems of care are usually designed but also restricted within certain aspects of life, as addressed by health, education and social welfare. The need for a co‐ordinated approach to support the transition process has been voiced before, but usually publications focus on one system of care, usually the healthcare system or the education system. Recent moves, especially in the UK, are trying to integrate these different systems allowing for a more integrated transition process. This article illustrates how these developments are represented within the framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and provides arguments that favour a greater integration of systems of care.Methods  Examples of systems of care from North America and the EU (Germany and the UK) are described. They were selected from a literature search using the terms ‘systems of care’, ‘transition’ and ‘transitional care’ in different combinations. Further supportive information derives from personal experience working in some of these systems in different countries. The systems were analysed according to the components of health they address within the ICF.Results  In order to assist adolescents in transition of services, there is a consensus that the approach should be individualized. The overall goal of any intervention or service should be to achieve optimal functioning of the patients. In the framework of the ICF, this means that biomedical and contextual (psychosocial) issues need to be taken into consideration. This requires an exchange of information between the different systems or the integration of those systems involved with the patient.Conclusion  To facilitate transition, it has been shown that close collaboration between agencies, a transdisciplinary approach of the professionals involved and the use of key workers are helpful.
Mother and youth access (MAYA) maternal chlorhexidine, counselling and paediatric fluoride varnish randomized clinical trial to prevent early childhood caries
Authors: RAMOS‐GOMEZ FRANCISCO J. , GANSKY STUART A. , FEATHERSTONE JOHN D. B. , JUE BONNIE , GONZALEZ‐BERISTAIN ROCIO , SANTO WILLIAM , MARTINEZ ED , WEINTRAUB JANE A. 
Published: October 2011

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2012; 22: 169–179Background.  Mexican‐American children have a higher caries prevalence than the US average. The Mothers and Youth Access (MAYA) study was a randomized clinical trial initiated to address this problem.Aim.  Comparison of the efficacy of two prevention interventions in reducing early childhood caries (ECC).Design.  All 361 randomized mother–child dyads received oral health counselling. Beginning at 4 months postpartum, intervention mothers received chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthrinse for 3 months beginning 4 months postpartum and children received fluoride varnish (FV) every 6 months from age 12–36 months. Control group children received FV if precavitated lesions developed. Salivary mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli were assessed.Results.  No significant difference in children’s 36‐month caries incidence between groups; 34% in each group developed caries [(d2+fs) > 0]. About half of control group developed precavitated lesions and received therapeutic FV. Maternal MS levels declined during CHX use, but increased when discontinued.Conclusions.  Maternal postpartum CHX regimen, oral health counselling and preventive child FV applications were not more efficacious than maternal counselling with child therapeutic FV for precavitated lesions for ECC prevention. FV for young children with brief maternal CHX use and oral health counselling may need to be combined with additional or longer‐term therapies to significantly reduce ECC in high‐risk populations.
‘Nice girls don’t’: women and the condom conundrum
Authors: Cook Catherine 
Published: October 2011

Aims and objectives.  This study aims to highlight the tensions between the ‘risks’ of condom negotiation to feminine identity and safer sex health education messages of individual choice and responsibility. Effective education incorporates nurses’ recognition that deterrents to women practising safer sex may increase subsequent to a diagnosis of a viral sexually transmitted infection.Background.  Health educational messages and clinicians’ teaching emphasise rational decision‐making with regard to condom use with a focus on the acquisition of technical information and ready access to condoms. These messages do not take into account the social complexities for women in negotiating condom use with men that deter condom use.Design.  A qualitative, feminist post‐structuralist research design was used.Methods.  In‐depth email interviews were conducted with 12 clinicians with expertise in the sexual health field and 26 women with a diagnosis of either herpes simplex virus or human papilloma virus. A thematic analysis approach was used to analyse the semi‐structured and interactive interviews.Results.  Few women in the study had received any direct safer sex education from clinicians and wanted them to initiate this discussion. Most women found the topic of safer sex became more difficult once diagnosed with a viral sexually transmitted infection. Women’s dilemmas were whether to disclose the diagnosis as part of insisting on condom use, whether condom use mitigated the obligation to disclose or whether any talk or condom use was avoided as too ‘risky’ to feminine identity.Conclusion.  Paradoxically, it may be harder for women to negotiate safer sex and ask for condoms to be used, once diagnosed with a viral sexually transmitted infection. Women want clinicians to give advice about the dissonance between ‘rational’ safer sex messages and social expectations of appropriate femininity.Relevance to clinical practice.  Nurses have a key role in engaging with women in considering safer sex practices. Nurses need to be able to demonstrate to women that they understand the complexities of the ‘real‐life’ barriers to acting on sexual health education messages, including an awareness of power in gender relations.
A Mother’s Brain Knows
Authors: Grattan Dave 
Published: October 2011

SummaryProlactin is a pregnancy hormone that is essential for development of the mammary gland for milk production. In addition, prolactin exerts important actions in the maternal brain, resulting in changes in maternal physiology and behaviour that help the mother cope with the new demands of pregnancy, childbirth and lactation. Hence, the same hormonal signal is used both by brain and body to recognise and adapt to these new physiological states.
The quality of the working alliance between chronic psychiatric patients and their case managers: process and outcomes
Authors: DE LEEUW M. , VAN MEIJEL B. , GRYPDONCK M. , KROON H. 
Published: October 2011

Accessible summary
The working alliance between chronic psychiatric patients and their case managers is an important vehicle for successful treatment and support.
A good working alliance has a positive effect on the patient's functioning.
The quality of a working alliance depends on both patient characteristics and the case manager's behaviour.
The results indicate that working alliances are established in the first 3 months of a patient–case manager relationship.
Further research into the development of working alliances is necessary.
AbstractThe concept of a working alliance is rooted in psychotherapy and has been studied extensively in that field. Much less research has been conducted into working alliances between chronic psychiatric patients and their case managers. The aim of this review was to identify what is known about the working alliance between chronic psychiatric patients and their case managers. An extensive survey of the literature produced 14 articles for this review. The results of studies conducted show that a good working alliance has positive effects on the functioning of patients, and that the quality of the alliance depends on both patient characteristics and the behaviour of the case managers. The results also indicate that the working alliance is largely determined in the first 3 months of the contact. Further research into the development of working alliances is necessary.
Effects of magnolol on vascular contraction in rat aortic rings
Authors: Seok Young Mi , Kim Hye Young , Garmaa Otgonbayar , Cha Byung‐Yoon , Woo Je‐Tae , Kim In Kyeom 
Published: October 2011

Summary1. Magnolol (5,5′‐diallyl‐2,2′‐dihydroxybiphenyl) is a major phenolic compound purified from Magnolia officinalis. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the effects of magnolol on vascular contractions.2. Rat aortic rings were mounted in organ baths. Magnolol was added cumulatively (0.3–30 μmol/L) to elicit relaxation in endothelium‐intact and ‐denuded rat aortic rings precontracted with U46619 (30 nmol/L, 20 min), NaF (8.0 mmol/L, 40 min), phenylephrine (1.0 or 0.1 μmol/L, 15 min) or phorbol‐12,13‐dibutyrate (PDBu, 0.3 or 0.1 μmol/L, 40 min). In separate experiments, cumulative concentration?response curves were obtained for NaF (2.0–12 mmol/L), U46619 (1.0 nmol/L?1.0 μmol/L) or PDBu (1.0 nmol/L?1.0 μmol/L) after pretreatment with either magnolol or vehicle for 30 min in endothelium‐denuded aortic rings. After completion of the functional study, we measured the amount of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) RhoA by using a G‐LISA RhoA Activation Assay, as well as the phosphorylation of 20 kDa myosin light chain (MLC20), myosin phosphatase‐targeting subunit 1 (MYPT1) and protein kinase C‐potentiated inhibitory protein for heterotrimeric myosin light‐chain phosphatase of 17 kDa (CPI‐17) by immunobloting.3. Magnolol (0.3–30 μmol/L) reduced vascular tension induced by the thromboxane A2 agonist U46619 (30 nmol/L), sodium fluoride (NaF) (8.0 mmol/L) and the α1‐adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine (1.0 or 0.1 μmol/L) in both endothelium‐intact and ‐denuded rings. The magnitude of the relaxation effects of magnolol on the contraction induced by each of the drugs were similar. The magnitude of the effect of magnolol in endothelium‐intact and ‐denuded rings were similar.4. Pretreatment of rat aortic rings with 1.0, 3.0 or 10 μmol/L magnolol for 30 min dose‐dependently inhibited the maximum response on the concentration–response curves to NaF and U46619, but not to phorbol‐12,13‐dibutyrate (PDBu).5. Magnolol (3.0 or 10 μmol/L) decreased RhoA activation, as well as the phosphorylation of MLC20, MYPT1Thr855 and CPI‐17Thr38 induced by either 8.0 mmol/L NaF or 30 nmol/L U46619. In contrast, magnolol did not affect PDBu (0.1 μmol/L)‐induced phosphorylation of CPI‐17Thr38.6. In conclusion, magnolol reduces vascular contraction by inhibiting the RhoA/Rho kinase pathway in endothelium‐denuded rat aorta.
Submerged reefal deposits near a present‐day northern limit of coral reef formation in the northern Ryukyu Island Arc, northwestern Pacific Ocean
Authors: MATSUDA HIROKI , ARAI KOHSAKU , MACHIYAMA HIDEAKI , IRYU YASUFUMI , TSUJI YOSHIHIRO 
Published: October 2011

AbstractHigh‐resolution single‐channel seismic reflection surveys were carried out in the northern Ryukyu Island Arc during an NT05‐14 cruise of the R/V Natsushima. The survey area is located northeast of Amami Oshima and southwest of Kikai Shima immediately south of the current northern limit of coral reef formation in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. The main purpose of the surveys was to ascertain whether coral reefs formed during glacial periods and, if so, to determine their three‐dimensional distribution. We collected 784 km of high‐resolution single‐channel seismic data during the cruise. The acoustic basement is clearly observed under the Amami Spur, off Amami Oshima. The seismic profiles show two anticlines, each with an axis trending northeast to southwest. Thin Quaternary stratified sediment overlies the acoustic basement in the northwestern and southeastern slope areas, as well as between the anticlinal axes. The stratified sediment can be divided into several sedimentary units. The mound‐shaped reflections are found within the stratified sedimentary units in the central to eastern parts of the spur. Because the mound‐shaped reflections are characterized by strong reflections and chaotic internal structures in profiles, they are considered biogenic ‘reefs’ or banks consisting of coarse‐grained bioclasts. They overlie the acoustic basement or stratified sediment and reach 15 m in thickness and 400 m in width. In contrast, irregularly shaped topographic highs were detected at the shelf edge southwest off Kikai Shima, which are likely to be remnants of coral reefs formed during the last glacial period. Our seismic data indicate probable coral reef formation at low stands during glacial stages, such as the Last Glacial Maximum, even in the northern Central Ryukyus. The occurrence of drowned reefs may indicate that their growth rate was not sufficient to keep up with a rapid rise in sealevel after a glacial period.
Alkaline lamprophyric province of Central Iran
Authors: BAYAT FERESHTEH , TORABI GHODRAT 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPaleozoic lamprophyres exhibit good exposures in the western part of the Central–East Iranian microcontinent. These rocks crop out as volcanoes, dykes, and plugs. The constituent minerals are amphibole, clinopyroxene, plagioclase, K‐feldspar, olivine, Cr‐spinel, titanite, biotite, and ilmenite. The main textures in volcanic lamprophyres are porphyritic, trachytic, microlithic, and variolitic, whereas in dykes and plugs, intergranular texture is common. These lamprophyres are regionally metamorphosed in some areas. Petrographical and geochemical characteristics of the studied rocks suggest that they are classified as alkaline lamprophyres and camptonites. They are enriched in alkalis (Na2O + K2O), large ion lithophile elements, and light rare earth elements, and the features of trace element concentrations are similar to those of within‐plate basalts. This study suggests that the lamprophyres were derived from different degrees of partial melting of metasomatized amphibole‐bearing spinel lherzolite. Subduction of Paleo‐Tethys oceanic crust from the Early to late Paleozoic resulted in enrichment in fluids in the mantle, and lamprophyric magmatism occurred along the minor and major faults. This limited but typical lamprophyric magmatism in a broad area of Central Iran suggests that, in spite of the long length of the Paleozoic (∼250 my), it was a relatively calm era from the viewpoint of magmatism in Central Iran.
Use of laryngeal mask airway in near‐term and term neonates during resuscitation: Is it effective and safe?
Authors: Caldwell Patrina , Srinivasjois Ravisha , Earley Joel 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA scenario where laryngeal mask airway was used for successful resuscitation of a late preterm neonate after failed bag and mask ventilation and unsuccessful endotracheal intubation is presented. A summary of available evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of the use of laryngeal mask airway during neonatal resuscitation is also presented.
Development of the Psychiatric Nurse Job Stressor Scale (PNJSS)
Authors: Yada Hironori , Abe Hiroshi , Funakoshi Yayoi , Omori Hisamitsu , Matsuo Hisae , Ishida Yasushi , Katoh Takahiko 
Published: October 2011

Aims:  The aim of the present study was to develop a tool, the Psychiatric Nurse Job Stressor Scale (PNJSS), for measuring the stress of psychiatric nurses, and to evaluate the reliability and validity of the PNJSS.Methods:  A total of 302 psychiatric nurses completed all the questions in an early version of the PNJSS, which was composed of 63 items and is based on past literature of psychiatric nurses' stress.Results:  A total of 22 items from four factors, ‘Psychiatric Nursing Ability’, ‘Attitude of Patients’, ‘Attitude Toward Nursing’ and ‘Communication’, were extracted in exploratory factor analysis. With regard to scale reliability, the item–scale correlation coefficient was r = 0.265–0.570 (P < 0.01), the Cronbach alpha coefficient was 0.675–0.869, and the test–retest correlation coefficient was r = 0.439–0.771 (P < 0.01). With regard to scale validity, the convergent validity of the ‘job stressor’ scale was r = 0.172–0.420 (P < 0.01), and the predictive validity of the ‘job reaction’ scale was r = 0.201–0.453 (P < 0.01). The compatibility of the factor model to the data was 1.750 (χ2/d.f., 343.189/196, P < 0.01), the goodness of fit index was 0.910, the adjusted goodness of fit index was 0.883, the comparative fit index was 0.924, and the root mean square error of approximation was 0.050.Conclusions:  The PNJSS has sufficient reliability and validity as a four‐factor structure containing 22 items, and is valid as a tool for evaluating psychiatric nurse job stressors.
Advance care planning in COPD
Authors: PATEL KEVIN , JANSSEN DAISY J.A. , CURTIS J. RANDALL 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThe review aims to discuss current concepts in advance care planning (ACP) for patients with COPD, and to provide a narrative review of recent trends in ACP and end‐of‐life care for patients with COPD. ACP, which involves patient–clinician communication about end‐of‐life care, can improve outcomes for patients and their families, and may be especially relevant for patients with COPD. Effective patient–clinician communication is needed to inform and prepare patients about their diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and what dying might be like. It is important for clinicians to understand patients' values and preferences for life‐sustaining treatments as well for their site of terminal care. Unfortunately, discussions about ACP and end‐of‐life care in current practice are scarce, and their quality is often poor. ACP can improve outcomes for patients and their relatives. The challenge remains in the practical implementation of ACP in the clinical setting, especially for patients with COPD. ACP should be implemented alongside curative‐restorative care for patients with advanced COPD. The disease course of COPD is such that there will rarely be a clear transition point predicting the timing of the need for initiation of end‐of‐life care. Future studies should focus on interventions that facilitate concurrent ACP and prepare patients for making in‐the‐moment decisions, with the goal of improving the quality of end‐of‐life care.
Maintenance of vital capacity during repetitive breath‐hold in a spearfishing competition
Authors: SECCOMBE LEIGH M. , ROGERS PETER G. , JENKINS CHRISTINE R. , PETERS MATTHEW J. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  Cough and a reduction in vital capacity have recently been reported following breath‐hold dives to depths of 25–75 m. We sought to investigate whether repetitive dives to depths of less than 30 m would elicit similar effects.Methods:  Participants in a single‐day spearfishing competition were recruited. Subjects performed spirometry before and after the 5‐h event. Demographics, medical and diving history, respiratory symptoms and competition diving statistics were collected.Results:  Twenty‐five subjects (two females), age 33 years (11) (mean (SD)), were studied. During the competition each subject completed 76 (33) dives, to 10 (3) m depth, with each dive lasting 0.9 (0.3) min. Maximum depth was 17 (4) m. No respiratory symptoms were reported. There was no difference in spirometry before and after competition except for FEF25–75%, which increased by 0.16(0.34) L (P < 0.05).Conclusions:  Pulmonary oedema or lung injury is not common after repetitive breath‐hold diving to depths to 25 m, or is too mild to be reflected in symptoms or spirometry.
Wallace direct versus anti‐reflux Le Duc ureteroileal anastomosis: Comparative analysis in modified Studer orthotopic neobladder reconstruction
Authors: Shigemura Katsumi , Yamanaka Nozomu , Imanishi Osamu , Yamashita Masuo 
Published: October 2011

Objectives:  To investigate and compare Wallace direct ureteroileal anastomosis with Le Duc anti‐reflux procedure in modified Studer orthotopic neobladder reconstruction after radical cystectomy.Methods:  A total of 72 consecutive patients who underwent modified Studer orthotopic bladder reconstruction after a radical cystectomy for bladder cancer were investigated. They were examined for vesicoureteral reflux, hydronephrosis, and pyelonephritis at 6 months after surgery according to the type of ureteroileal anastomosis.Results:  Vesicoureteral reflux occurred in 29 ureters (38.2%) after the Wallace procedure compared to six ureters (9.6%) with the Le Duc (P < 0.05). Hydronephrosis was detected in 12 ureters (18.8%) in the Le Duc patients compared to seven (9%) in the Wallace patients (P > 0.05). Six months after the operation, all three patients with vesicoureteral reflux‐related hydronephrosis improved using clean intermittent catheterization in the Le Duc patients; five of seven patients were cured by clean intermittent catheterization and two improved without any treatment in the Wallace patients. Seven of nine cases of ureteroileal anastomosis stenosis causing hydronephrosis were cured without any treatment but one case resulted in a non‐functional kidney despite treatment of the stenosis.Conclusions:  Direct ureteroileal anastomosis using the Wallace method is effective for minimizing ureteroileal anastomosis stenosis and it represents a simple surgical procedure when combined with a modified Studer procedure.