bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface chemical immobilization of parylene C with thermosensitive block copolymer brushes based onN‐isopropylacrylamide andN‐tert‐butylacrylamide: Synthesis, characterization, and cell adhesion/detachment
Authors: Zhang Changhong , Vernier P. Thomas , Wu Yu‐Hsuan , Yang Wangrong 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPoly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM), poly(N‐tert‐butylacrylamide) (pNTBAM), and their copolymer brushes were covalently immobilized onto parylene C (PC) surfaces via surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Contact angle measurement between 13 and 40°C showed that the hydrophobicity of the modified PC surfaces was thermally sensitive. Among these samples, PC grafted with pNIPAM (PC‐NI), PC grafted with pNTBAM (PC‐NT) and PC grafted with copolymer brushes containing pNTBAM and pNIPAM (PC‐NT‐NI) exhibited the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at 29, 22, and 24°C, respectively. Cytocompatibility study for the modified surfaces was performed by 5 days human skin fibroblast culture at 37°C. Data showed that only a very small amount of cells adhered on the PC and PC‐NI surfaces, while a significantly higher amount of cell adhesion and growth was observed on PC‐NT and PC‐NT‐NI surfaces. Furthermore, cell detachment at the temperatures of 24 and 6°C were studied after the substrates were cultured with cells at 37°C for 24 h. The results showed that the cells on PC‐NI formed the aggregations and loosely attached on the substrate after 30‐min culture at 24°C, while no significant cell detachment was observed for PC‐NT and PC‐NT‐NI samples at this temperature. By continuing the cell culture for additional 100 min at 6°C for PC‐NT and PC‐NT‐NI, about 10 and 35% of the cells were found detached respectively, and the unattached cells aggregated on the substrate. In comparison, cells cultured on the tissue culture petri dish (TCP) exhibited no quantity and morphology changes at the culture temperatures of 37, 24, and 6°C. This study showed that: (1) immobilization of PC with nonthermal sensitive pNTBAM could provide PC surface thermal sensitive hydrophilicity; (2) the chlorines on the polymer brushes of PC‐NT could be used to further initiate the ATRP pNIPAM and form block copolymer brushes; (3) the incorporation of pNTBAM into pNIPAM on PC‐NT‐NI could change the surface thermal hydrophilicity property, and be further applied to decrease the LCST of the modified PC surface; (4) grafted pNIPAM brushes on PC‐NI by ATRP showed very low cell adhesion and proliferation in 5 days fibroblast culture at 37°C, and cell detached at 24°C; (5) the incorporation of pNTBAM into pNIPAM on PC‐NT‐NI decreased the thermal sensitivity of cell adhesion/detachment, cell detached at 6°C, but the cell adhesion and proliferation were significantly improved at a wide temperature range. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Struggling and enduring with God, religious support, and recovery from severe mental illness
Authors: Webb Marcia , Charbonneau Anna M. , McCann Russell A. , Gayle Kristin R. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectives: People with severe mental illnesses may achieve varying degrees of recovery, including symptom reduction and community integration. Research also indicates that religiosity facilitates coping with psychological disorders. In this study, we assessed the relationship between religiosity and recovery from severe mental illnesses. Design: Self‐report data were collected from 81 participants with severe mental illnesses. We measured recovery, religious support, and participants' struggle or endurance with faith. Results: Religious support and enduring with faith were positively associated with recovery. Struggling was negatively associated with recovery, and that relationship was mediated by religious support. Conclusions: Religious variables, including religious support and spiritual struggle, might affect recovery from severe mental illnesses. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 67:1–16, 2011.
Structural and mechanical effects of in vivo fatigue damage induction on murine tendon
Authors: Sereysky Jedd B. , Andarawis‐Puri Nelly , Jepsen Karl J. , Flatow Evan L. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop and validate an in vivo mouse model of tendon fatigue and use this model to investigate and quantify the physical manifestations of fatigue damage in mouse tendon. Patellar tendons of C57BL/6J mice were fatigue loaded at 2 Hz to three endpoints (4 N peak force per cycle for 1 h, 6 N for 1 h, and 4 N for 2 h), during which hysteresis, tangent stiffness, and peak strain of each cycle were measured. Damage accumulation was then quantified using in situ histology, and each tendon was loaded monotonically to failure. Histological damage increased significantly in all three groups (≥2‐fold), and monotonic stiffness decreased significantly in the 6 N, 1 h and 4 N, 2‐h groups (∼25%), suggesting that damage initially manifests as changes to the collagen structure of the tendon and subsequently as changes to the function. For the fatigue loading protocols used in this study, none of the evaluated real‐time parameters from fatigue loading correlated with damage area fraction measured structural damage or monotonic stiffness, suggesting that they are not suited to serve as proxies for damage accumulation. In future studies, this model will be used to compare the biological response of mouse tendon to fatigue damage across genetic strains. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:965–972, 2012
Effects of pH‐Sensitive Groups on Poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) Block Copolymer Micelles Used as Drug Carriers
Authors: Chen Dong , Liang Huimin , Yang Yuehui , Yuan Zhenting , Ding Pingtian , Deng Yihui 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA new type of drug delivery system consisting of an amphiphilic polymer micelle with pH‐sensitive groups is reported. The polymer comprises mPEG [poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether], PCL [poly(ϵ‐caprolactone)], and either PAA [poly(acrylic acid)] or PMAA [poly(methacrylic acid)]. Both mPEG‐b‐PCL and mPEG‐b‐PCL‐b‐PAA/PMAA are characterized by 1H NMR, FTIR, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The diameters of the mPEG‐b‐PCL‐b‐PAA/PMAA micelles are found to increase with increases in pH and studies show that in vitro release of nifedipine from mPEG‐b‐PCL‐b‐PAA/PMAA micelles becomes faster as the pH value of phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) increases. This new type of pH‐sensitive polymeric micelle can potentially be used as a drug carrier for oral administration of water‐insoluble drugs.
Development of the heating and forming strategy in compound forging of hybrid steel‐aluminum parts
Authors: Behrens B.‐A. , Kosch K.‐G. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn times of increasing energy costs automotive light weight construction is gaining more importance. The production of hybrid compounds by forging is a promising method for manufacturing functional parts by applying resource‐saving process steps. The mechanical properties of these parts can be specifically adapted to the requirements. In compound forging of steel‐aluminum parts the two materials need to be heated to different forming temperatures. In this paper, the challenges and their methods for the development of a heating and forming strategy based on different material characteristics are presented.
Development of bridge tooling for fabricating mold inserts of aspheric optical lens
Authors: Kuo C.‐C. , Lin Z.‐Y. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA bridge tooling is developed for fabricating the temporary mold inserts of aspheric lens using silicone rubber materials. Prototype material of the aspheric lens is not recommended as quartz due to low successful rate in the fabrication process. This technology provides a fast, low cost, and high successful rate for fabricating the epoxy‐based composites mold inserts of plastic aspheric optical lens.
Role of Effective Teamwork and Communication in Delivering Safe, High‐Quality Care
Authors: Leonard Michael W. , Frankel Allan S. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractHealthcare is delivered in an extraordinary complex environment. Despite highly skilled, dedicated clinicians, there are currently unacceptably high levels of communication failures and adverse events. Effective teamwork, in conjunction with reliable processes of care, is essential for the consistent delivery of high‐quality care. Practical concepts and tools are provided that address the team behaviors of structured communication, effective assertion/critical language, psychological safety, situational awareness, and effective leadership. Examples of the mounting clinical evidence of improved patient outcomes and reduced harm resulting from effective teamwork training are cited. Mt Sinai J Med 78:820–826, 2011. © 2011 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Effect of E‐Prescribing Systems on Patient Safety
Authors: Kannry Joseph 
Published: November 2011

AbstractE‐prescribing systems enable electronic transmissions of prescriptions to pharmacies from the provider's office. The promise of e‐prescribing in regard to patient safety is reduction in the time gap between point of care and point of service, reduction in medication errors, and improved quality of care. This article will give a brief overview of e‐prescribing systems, what is known about these systems and their impact on patient safety, and what challenges remain. For purposes of this article, the term “patient safety” will be used interchangeably with medication errors and adverse drug events. Although there is some evidence that e‐prescribing alone and e‐prescribing with medication decision support can reduce medication errors, there is also evidence that e‐prescribing can be a source of medication errors. The need for more study is particularly relevant and timely, as the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services is strongly incentivizing providers to use e‐prescribing with medication decision support. Despite concerns about efficiency and dissatisfaction, the majority of providers believe e‐prescribing provides for improved patient safety. Limited evidence suggests that e‐prescribing with medication decision support can improve patient safety. Mt Sinai J Med 78:827–833, 2011. © 2011 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Use of In Vivo Real‐Time Optical Imaging for Esophageal Neoplasia
Authors: Vila Peter M. , Thekkek Nadhi , Richards‐Kortum Rebecca , Anandasabapathy Sharmila 
Published: November 2011

AbstractEsophageal adenocarcinoma carries a poor prognosis, as it typically presents at a late stage. Thus, a major research priority is the development of novel diagnostic‐imaging strategies that can detect neoplastic lesions earlier and more accurately than current techniques. Advances in optical imaging allow clinicians to obtain real‐time histopathologic information with instant visualization of cellular architecture and the potential to identify neoplastic tissue. The various endoscopic imaging modalities for esophageal neoplasia can be grouped into 2 major categories: (1) wide‐field imaging, a comparatively lower‐resolution view for imaging larger surface areas, and (2) high‐resolution imaging, which allows individual cells to be visualized. This review will provide an overview of the various forms of real‐time optical imaging in the diagnosis and management of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Mt Sinai J Med 78:894–904, 2011. © 2011 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
An Osteological Study of Trophy Heads: Unveiling the Headhunting Practice in Borneo
Authors: Okumura Mercedes , Siew Yun Ysi 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTTaking, modifying and displaying human body parts as trophies have been observed in several human groups since prehistoric times. Although there are many skeletal collections that present evidence for this practice, the existence of both skeletal material and written records referring to the same group is quite rare. Nevertheless, this is a case of 112 human skeletal remains collected by Charles Hose in Borneo in the late 19th century, which represents a unique opportunity to understand the vanished headhunting tradition and warfare practice in this area, as well as to compare the written records with the bioarchaeological evidence. Although Hose claims that all individuals collected by him were beheaded, our study shows that only 50.5% of the studied material show clear osteological signs of decapitation. Other practices which were part of the ritual of headhunting described by Hose could be observed, like widening of foramen magnum, burning of skulls, mandible tied to the cranium with a strip of rattan or cotton, as well as drilled perforations to suspend skulls in longhouses. Adult females and non‐adults comprised more than one third of the total number where sex and age could be determined, showing that males were not the sole targets for trophy heads. Overall, this study on the trophy skulls from Borneo is valuable as it combines and compares ethnographic accounts and osteological data to provide us with a broader scenario of a vanished practice. It draws attention to some aspects that should be taken into account when working exclusively with either written records or skeletal materials, as both present limitations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring Geographic Origins at Cahuachi using Stable Isotopic Analysis of Archaeological Human Tissues and Modern Environmental Waters
Authors: Webb Emily C. , White Christine D. , Longstaffe Fred J. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTIn this study, we used oxygen‐ and hydrogen‐isotope data from human bone (δ18O) and modern environmental water samples (δ18O and δD) to investigate geographic origins of individuals buried at Cahuachi, a ceremonial centre in the Nasca region of Peru (c.AD1‐1000). Our objective was to characterise the natural variation in water stable isotopic composition in the Rio Grande de Nasca drainage, and then to use these data to better infer place of origin for 30 adults interred at Cahuachi. Using the δ18O and δD values of 63 modern environmental water samples, it was possible to differentiate among the northern and southern river middle valleys, and to infer the isotopic composition of drinking water at higher elevations. Over half of the individuals included in this study had drinking water oxygen‐isotope compositions consistent with places of origin away from Cahuachi during the last 10 to 25 years of life, perhaps in the northern river middle valleys or in the upper valleys/sierra. The environmental water stable isotopic baseline developed in this study enabled a better understanding of the natural variation of waters in the Rio Grande de Nasca drainage. As a result, it was possible to assess the geographic range of place of origin for these individuals with greater certainty. Taken together, these data support the idea of Cahuachi as a place of both local and regional significance, with individuals from distant parts of the Rio Grande de Nasca drainage travelling to and/or transporting the dead to the site for death or burial. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Safety aspects of antiepileptic drugs—focus on pharmacovigilance
Authors: Landmark Cecilie Johannessen , Johannessen Svein I. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTPurposeMost patients with epilepsy are dependent on a life‐long pharmacological treatment with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). AEDs include a wide range of substances that possess large pharmacological variability and are often susceptible to drug interactions and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). AEDs are increasingly used in other neurological and psychiatric disorders, and new patient groups are exposed to these drugs. The aim of the present review is to focus upon how pharmacovigilance contributes to improved safety of AEDs.MethodsThe present article is a review based on searches in Pubmed on articles from the last 15 years. Strengths and challenges regarding these aspects will be highlighted and discussed.ResultsThe concept of pharmacovigilance includes various methods of monitoring of large patient populations with registries and databases of surveillance of ADRs and risk of suicide and sudden unexpected death, drug utilization and prescription patterns, pregnancy and birth registries and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) databases for studies on pharmacological variability of AEDs in large sample sizes. Challenges for existing reporting systems and databases include differences in outcome measures and thus international comparison.ConclusionContinuous focus on safety aspects of AEDs and the importance of the implementation of pharmacovigilance contribute to further optimized therapy on a large scale and for the individual patient. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy for photovoltaic silicon wafer analysis
Authors: Darwiche S. , Benmansour M. , Eliezer N. , Morvan D. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTThe principal subject matter of this work is the application of laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy for the multi‐elemental analytical characterization of different qualities of solid silicon. The physical process upon which the technique is based is the temporally resolved observation of emission spectra emitted by a micro‐plasma generated by a laser focused on the surface of a given sample. The optimal environmental parameters such as the composition of the buffering gas for the identification and measurement of several metallic, non‐metallic, and dopant impurities were determined. Particular attention was given to boron. A detection limit of 2.10−4 mg/g of boron was found using a calibration curve, which was made in the range of 1 to 100 ppmw. Silicon samples from different production techniques (4C and directional solidification), which permit the segregation of different impurities along the length of the silicon ingot were analyzed using laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solar spectral influence on the performance of photovoltaic (PV) modules under fine weather and cloudy weather conditions
Authors: Ishii Tetsuyuki , Otani Kenji , Takashima Takumi , Xue Yanqun 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTThe performance of photovoltaic modules is influenced by solar spectrum even under the same solar irradiance conditions. Spectral factor (SF) is a useful index indicating the ratio of available solar irradiance between actual solar spectrums and the standard AM1·5‐G spectrum. In this study, the influence of solar spectrum on photovoltaic performance in cloudy weather as well as in fine weather is quantitatively evaluated as the reciprocal of SF (SF−1). In the cases of fine weather, the SF−1 suggests that solar spectrum has little influence (within a few %) on the performance of pc‐Si, a‐Si:H/sc‐Si, and copper indium gallium (di)selenide modules, because of the “offset effect”. The performance of a‐Si:H modules and the top layers of a‐Si:H/µc‐Si:H modules can vary by more than ± 10% under the extreme conditions in Japan. The seasonal and locational variations in the SF−1 of the bottom layers are about ± several %. A negative correlation is shown between the top and bottom layers, indicating that the performance of a‐Si:H/µc‐Si:H modules does not exceed the performance, at which the currents of the top and bottom layers are balanced, by the influence of solar spectrum. In the cases of cloudy weather, the SF−1 of the pc‐Si, a‐Si:H/sc‐Si, and copper indium gallium (di)selenide modules is generally higher, suggesting favorable for performance than that in fine weather. Much higher SF−1 than that in fine weather is shown by the a‐Si:H module and the top layer of the a‐Si:H/µc‐Si:H module. The SF−1 of the bottom layer neither simply depend on season nor on location. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of all‐conjugated copolymers of 3‐hexyl‐thiophene and EDOT by grignard metathesis polymerization
Authors: Miozzo Luciano , Battaglini Nicolas , Braga Daniele , Kergoat Loïg , Suspène Clément , Yassar Abderrahim 
Published: November 2011

AbstractRandom regioregular copolymers of 3‐hexylthiophene and 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene were synthesized by grignard metathesis polymerization. Soluble copolymers were obtained with a high degree of regioregularity and with a monomer ratio close to the feed ratio. A comparison between the optical properties and the thin film morphologies of these copolymers and poly(3‐hexylthiophene) is also presented. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Polymeric hydrogels modified with ornithine and lysine: Sorption and release of metal cations and amino acids
Authors: Romanski Jan , Karbarz Marcin , Pyrzynska Krystyna , Jurczak Janusz , Stojek Zbigniew 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA novel, convenient synthesis, using copper ions, is described for the multigram‐scale preparation of acryloyl and methacryloyl ornithine and lysine without the need to use protecting groups and chromatographic purifications. Three methods of removing the copper ions from the amino acid derivatives were examined. The obtained acryloyl and methacryloyl ornithine and lysine were copolymerized with N‐isopropylacrylamide and N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide as crosslinking agents, resulting in a series of hydrogels with varying incorporated amino acid content. The relative content of a given amino acid was estimated from the 1H NMR data and compared with its molar fraction used in the polymerization process. We investigated the influence of the amount of amino acid groups incorporated into the polymer network on the swelling behavior of the gels in the presence of metal ions of different ability to form complexes (Cu2+, Co2+, and Ca2+) with α‐amino acid groups and the sorption of copper ions. Next, the presence of α‐amino acid groups attached to the polymer network was used to bond the compounds which can cocomplex metal ions. Phenylalanine was selected for examination of its cocomplexation of Cu2+ with the polymer‐network amino acids and its consecutive release from the gel after appropriate change of pH. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Functionalization of vinylic addition polynorbornenes via efficient copolymerization of norbornene using Ni(II)‐Me complexes
Authors: Song Dong‐Po , Mu Hong‐Liang , Shi Xin‐Cui , Li Yan‐Guo , Li Yue‐Sheng 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe facile and efficient functionalization of polynorbornene has been achieved through direct copolymerization of norbornene (NB) with 5‐norbornene‐2‐yl acetate (NBA) or 5‐norbornene‐2‐methanol (NBM) using a series of β‐ketiminato Ni(II)‐Me pyridine complexes 1–4 (Scheme 2) in the presence of B(C6F5)3. Remarkably, the monomer conversion could reach up to about 96% in 10 min in the NB/NBA copolymerization. The copolymers with wide NBA contents (3.3–38.4 mol %) were obtained by variation of reaction conditions. These copolymers have high molecular weights (MWs) (Mn = 41.8–144 kg/mol) and narrow MW distributions (Mw/Mn = 1.80–2.27). In the absence of alkyl aluminum compounds, a monomer conversion of 81% was observed in the NB/NBM copolymerization, and copolymers with NBM content in the range of 11.2–21.8 mol % were obtained by variation of reaction conditions. In addition, Ni(II)‐Me pyridine complexes 2 was very active at a low B/Ni molar ratio of 6, while bis‐ligand complex 6 bearing the same ligand just showed moderate efficiency at a high B/Ni molar ratio of 20. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011