bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helicobacter pylori Infection and Childhood
Authors: Mourad‐Baars Petronella , Hussey Séamus , Jones Nicola L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPediatric‐based Helicobacter pylori research continues to contribute significantly to our understanding of both clinical and pathophysiological aspects of this infection. Here, we review the published pediatric H. pylori literature from April 2009–March 2010. Analysis of pediatric H. pylori strains continues to suggest that cagA+ and cagPAI competent strains are less prevalent than in adult isolates. Studies from the Middle East report a high H. pylori prevalence and intrafamilial transmission. Data continue to show a lack of association between H. pylori and recurrent abdominal pain of childhood, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and growth retardation. Recent probiotic trials have not shown a benefit on H. pylori eradication in children, while sequential therapy remains an attractive therapeutic eradication strategy in children, which requires validation in different geographic regions.
Clinical Aspects of Gastric Cancer and Helicobacter pylori– Screening, Prevention, and Treatment
Authors: Selgrad Michael , Bornschein Jan , Rokkas Theodore , Malfertheiner Peter 
Published: November 2010

AbstractGastric cancer still represents a global health care burden, and in the absence of strategies implemented for early detection, the disease continues to have a dismal prognosis. Patients presenting with clinical manifestations of gastric cancer have limited options for cure. Thus, early detection and prevention play a key role in the fight against gastric cancer. Serologic‐based test methods have the potential to detect a subset of patients at high risk of gastric cancer that require a close clinical and endoscopic follow‐up. More data have been produced to support Helicobacter pylori eradication as an efficient strategy to prevent gastric cancer. Treatment options for patients with an advanced disease are still limited, but the introduction of new agents opens a more optimistic perspective for the future.
The Associations Between Headaches and Psychopathology: A Survey in School Children
Authors: Pitrou Isabelle , Shojaei Taraneh , Chan‐Chee Christine , Wazana Ashley , Boyd Anders , Kovess‐Masféty Viviane 
Published: November 2010

(Headache 2010;50:1537‐1548)Background.— Headaches are common in childhood and significantly impact children's quality of life. On the contrary to the adolescent and adult population, there are few data on the associations between headaches and psychopathology in young children.Objective.— The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between child headaches, emotional and behavioral difficulties in children aged 6‐11 years old.Methods.— A cross‐sectional survey was conducted in 2004 in 100 primary schools from a large French region, with 2341 children aged 6‐11 years old randomly selected. Child headache status, comorbid physical conditions, and socioeconomic characteristics were collected in parent‐administered questionnaires. Child psychopathology outcomes were assessed using child‐ and parent‐reported standardized instruments: respectively, the Dominic Interactive and the Strengths and the Difficulties Questionnaire. Associations were estimated using logistic regression models.Results.— Response rates to the parent questionnaire and the Dominic Interactive were 57.4% and 95.1%, respectively. The final sample size was 1308 children. Eleven percent of the children already experienced frequent headaches in their lifetime, with no difference by age or gender. Headaches were associated with parent‐reported emotional problems (OR = 1.76; 95% CI: 1.03‐3.01) and self‐reported general anxiety disorder (OR = 1.99; 1.13‐3.52). Comorbid physical conditions ≥2 appeared as an independent factor significantly associated with headaches (OR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.13‐2.73). Inversely, low parental punitive behaviors were less frequently associated with headaches (OR = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.18‐0.94).Conclusion.— Our results suggest some associations between headaches, emotional disorders, and comorbid physical conditions in young children aged 6‐11 years old. Those results should be considered in the treatment approaches of childhood headaches and from the etiological aspect.
Quality of Life and Barriers in the Urban Outdoor Environment in Old Age
Authors: Rantakokko Merja , Iwarsson Susanne , Kauppinen Markku , Leinonen Raija , Heikkinen Eino , Rantanen Taina 
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between barriers in the outdoor environment and perceived quality of life (QoL) in old age and to assess whether fear of moving outdoors and unmet physical activity need contribute to this association.DESIGN: Cross‐sectional.SETTING: Community and research center.PARTICIPANTS: Five hundred eighty‐nine, community‐dwelling people aged 75 to 81 took part in face‐to‐face home‐interviews and examinations in the research center.MEASUREMENTS: QoL was assessed using the LEIPAD questionnaire. Environmental barriers were studied based on self‐reports of lack of resting places or long distances (distances), noisy traffic or dangerous crossroads (traffic), and hilly terrain or poor street condition (terrain). Fear of moving outdoors and unmet physical activity need were self‐reported, and maximal walking speed was measured over 10 m. A path analyses model using LISREL was used for the statistical analyses.RESULTS: QoL was worse among those who reported more barriers in their outdoor environment, experienced fear of moving outdoors or unmet physical activity need, and had slower walking speed and more chronic diseases. In the path model, in which 36% of the variation in QoL was explained, terrain, traffic and distances influenced QoL through fear of moving outdoors or unmet physical activity need, whereas distances had a direct association with QoL.CONCLUSION: An outdoor environment that encumbers outdoor mobility increases perceptions of fear of moving outdoors and unmet physical activity need and is associated with poor QoL in older people. More research is needed to confirm the temporal order and causality of these observations.
Frailty, Mortality, and Health‐Related Quality of Life in Older Mexican Americans
Authors: Masel Meredith C. , Ostir Glenn V. , Ottenbacher Kenneth J. 
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) on the relationship between frailty status and survival in older Mexican‐American adults.DESIGN: Prospective analysis of participants in the Hispanic Established Populations for Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly.SETTING: Urban and rural areas of five southwestern states: Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas.PARTICIPANTS: One thousand eight Mexican‐American adults aged 74 to 101 interviewed between 2005 and 2006.MEASUREMENTS: Trained interviewers collected information on patient demographics, health conditions, frailty status, HRQOL, and survival.RESULTS: Frailty was associated with a greater odds of death (odds ratio=2.72, 95% confidence interval=1.5–5.1) over a period of 2 to 3 years. After adjusting for the physical component of HRQOL, being frail (as opposed to prefrail or nonfrail) was no longer significantly associated with mortality. The mental health component of HRQOL did not affect the relationship between frailty and mortality.CONCLUSION: Older Mexican Americans identified as frail experienced poorer survival in this sample than their prefrail or nonfrail counterparts. Adjusting for the physical component of HRQOL attenuated poorer survival in persons categorized as frail.
The Quality of Emergency Department Pain Care for Older Adult Patients
Authors: Hwang Ula , Richardson Lynne D. , Harris Ben , Morrison R. Sean 
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether there are differences in emergency department (ED) pain assessment and treatment for older and younger adults.DESIGN: Retrospective observational cohort.SETTING: Urban, academic tertiary care ED during July and December 2005.PARTICIPANTS: Adult patients with conditions warranting ED pain care.MEASUREMENTS: Age, Charlson comorbidity score, number of prior medications, sex, race and ethnicity, triage severity, degree of pain, treating clinician, and final ED diagnosis. Pain care process measures were pain assessment and treatment and time of activities.RESULTS: One thousand thirty‐one ED visits met inclusion criteria; 92% of these had a documented pain assessment. Of those reporting pain, 41% had follow‐up pain assessments, and 59% received analgesic medication (58% of these as opioids, 24% as nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)). In adjusted analyses, there were no differences according to age in pain assessment and receiving any analgesic. Older patients (65–84) were less likely than younger patients (18–64) to receive opioid analgesics for moderate to severe (odds ratio (OR)=0.44, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.22–0.88) and were more likely to more likely to receive NSAIDs for mild pain (OR=3.72, 95% CI=0.97–14.24). Older adults had a lower reduction of initial to final recorded pain scores (P=.002).CONCLUSION: There appear to be differences in acute ED pain care for older and younger adults. Lower overall reduction of pain scores and less opioid use for the treatment of painful conditions in older patients highlight disparities of concern. Future studies should determine whether these differences represent inadequate ED pain care.
Prosthodontic Rehabilitation of a Shotgun Injury: A Patient Report
Authors: Torabi Kianoosh , Ahangari Ahmad H. , Vojdani Mahrou , Fattahi Farnaz 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis report describes the prosthodontic rehabilitation of a shotgun patient traumatized in the maxillary, mandibular, and nasal areas resulting in severe problems in her esthetics, phonetics, and mastication. The patient was treated with removable partial prostheses using tooth, soft tissue, and implant support.
Mandibular Fracture in Conjunction with Bicortical Penetration, Using Wide‐Diameter Endosseous Dental Implants
Authors: Oh Won‐suk , Roumanas Eleni D. , Beumer III John 
Published: November 2010

AbstractProsthodontic rehabilitation of a patient with an atrophic edentulous mandible presents a significant challenge in restoring esthetics and function. The purpose of this clinical report is to describe fracture of an atrophic edentulous mandible opposing maxillary natural dentition in association with endosseous dental implants. The patient received two wide‐diameter implants in the anterior mandible for an implant‐assisted mandibular overdenture, in which the implants penetrated the inferior border of the mandible for bicortical stabilization. Three months following implant placement surgery, the patient experienced pain, swelling, and intraoral purulent drainage around the right implant. Panoramic radiograph revealed a fracture of the mandible through the right implant site and signs of infection around the left implant. The implants were removed surgically, and open reduction and fixation of the fracture site were undertaken using a titanium bone fixation plate. This clinical report demonstrates that placement of wide‐diameter implants in conjunction with bicortical penetration in a severely atrophic edentulous mandible can risk fracture of the mandible.
Effect of bone mineral density on masticatory performance and efficiency
Authors: Tamut Tamit , Pooran Chand , Pratap Singh Balendra , Arvind Tripathi , Jitendra Rao , Dayal Singh Raghuwar 
Published: November 2010

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2010.00414.xEffect of bone mineral density on masticatory performance and efficiencyObjective:  To evaluate the effect of bone mineral density (BMD) on masticatory performance and efficiency in dentate subjects.Background data:  Osteoporosis is the most common disorder of the bone. It causes reduction in BMD of the all the skeletal tissue including jaw bones. It also promotes bone loss in jaw bones. In osteoporosis, a reduction of maximal bite force and greater electromyography activity of masticatory muscles is documented. This may lead to the development of masticatory dysfunction which can be assessed by a chewing test in the form of change in masticatory performance and efficiency.Materials and methods:  Sixty subjects with equal numbers of men and women were selected for the study, in which BMD screening (T‐score) was carried out to identify the normal, osteopenic and osteoporotic subjects. Their masticatory performance and efficiency was evaluated by a chewing test (fractional sieving method).Results:  A high ‘T’ score was associated with low masticatory efficiency and a low ‘T’ score with high masticatory efficiency. Masticatory performance and efficiency was significantly higher among males as compared to females with similar range of BMD.Conclusion:  In both genders, high BMD groups (low ‘T’ score) had a significantly high percentage of masticatory efficiency compared to the low BMD (high ‘T’ score) group.
The current state of care in gout: Addressing the need for better understanding of an ancient disease
Authors: Zychowicz Michael E. , Pope Richard S. , Graser Elke 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose: To enable clinicians to initiate appropriate steps for long‐term management of gout, including controlling acute exacerbations and pain and sustaining target serum uric acid (SUA) levels to control hyperuricemia as the underlying metabolic disorder. Data sources: Incorporation of pertinent rheumatology and primary care literature seeking a comprehensive overview about the disease state of gout and its symptoms, comorbidities, and impact on quality of life, with a key focus on the role of serum uric acid, evidence‐based approaches to long‐term management of gout, and the importance of a functioning clinician‐patient relationship. Conclusions: Gout is increasingly recognized as a prevalent chronic disease state requiring appropriate long‐term management while controlling for risk factors and comorbid conditions. Effective treatment options can help gout patients achieve therapeutic SUA targets to control gout flares and prevent potentially destructive disease manifestations. Patient education is an important element in achieving treatment goals and ensuring adherence. Implications for practice: Effective treatment plans for any gout patient must be guided by a long‐term approach that focuses on sustained control of hyperuricemia, while providing continuous control of chronic disease. Patient education can be a key element in this process.
The impact of exercise training on the diameter dilator response to forearm ischaemia in healthy men
Authors: Thijssen D. H. J. , Tinken T. M. , Hopkins N. , Dawson E. A. , Cable N. T. , Green D. J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAim:  Recent studies found differences between groups in the rate of diameter increase following the flow‐mediated dilation (FMD). Whilst exercise training alters the magnitude of the FMD, little is known about the impact of exercise training on the rate of diameter increase. The aim of this study is to examine post‐cuff deflation changes in brachial artery diameter following 5 min forearm ischaemia every 2 weeks across 8‐weeks of a handgrip exercise training regimen.Methods:  Post‐deflation changes in brachial artery diameter following 5‐min of ischaemia were examined before, after and every 2‐weeks across an8‐week handgrip training programme in healthy young men (n = 11) using echo‐Doppler.Results:  The magnitude of dilation increased at week 2–4–6, but returned towards baseline values at week 8 (anova: P = 0.001). The time‐to‐peak diameter (42 ± 15 s) demonstrated a significant prolongation at week 4 (77 ± 32 s), but returned towards baseline values at weeks 6 and 8 (anova: P < 0.001). The rate of diameter increase did not differ across the intervention.Conclusion:  Exercise training in healthy subjects is initially characterized by a larger dilation. Since the rate of dilation did not change, a longer time‐to‐peak dilation was necessary to achieve the increase in magnitude of dilation. As exercise training continues, the timing and magnitude of the peak diameter response returns to near baseline levels.
Medieval Shinto: New Discoveries and Perspectives1
Authors: Andreeva Anna 
Published: November 2010

AbstractUntil recently, historical materials that might shed light on the diverse practices and beliefs surrounding the worship of Japanese native deities, kami, in the medieval period were largely unavailable for academic study. Some still remain hidden in temple treasuries or private collections, waiting to be discovered. ‘Medieval Shinto’ is thus a relatively new field of enquiry, but a fruitful and promising one as well. The current revival of this field is based on a decisive departure from earlier scholarship, and the studies of kami worship are now advancing rapidly. This article will give a brief overview of the major terms, definitions and themes in the study of medieval kami worship. First, we shall see how Japanese kami became associated with Buddhist deities. Secondly, we shall find out how the worship of kami became influenced by Esoteric Buddhism and what types of esoteric kami worship had emerged in medieval Japan. We shall briefly touch upon the rituals dedicated to kami, and how the ideas about native deities became reflected in medieval Japanese arts and literature. Finally, this article will introduce several important books and main areas of research regarding this complex but fascinating subject.
Buddhists in Modern Southeast Asia
Authors: McDaniel Justin Thomas 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis article contrasts the study of Southeast Asian Buddhist social and political movements and institutions (ecclesiastical, colonial, royal, or governmental) with the study of individuals who are recreating Buddhism outside of the various national Sangha organizations and political structures. The power of the state to control nuns, monks, and even lay expression is often over emphasized in modern scholarship. Until recently, the agency and creativity of individual Buddhists is often overlooked. Therefore, in brief summary for students, I want to focus on subjects that have often been neglected in the study of Buddhism in Southeast Asia. I am interested in the ways individual Buddhists make meaning, display this ever‐changing understanding to others, and continually and mutually re‐make society and its explanations. Instead of looking at the epistemic characteristics of macro‐level culture or religion or the ‘trait geographies’ of a people, I am concerned with the ‘practical reasoning and reflexive accounts that people use on a daily basis and that make social life an ongoing practical accomplishment’ [J. McDaniel, Gathering Leaves and Lifting Words: Monastic Education in Laos and Thailand, University of Washington Press, Seattle, 2008, p. 250; I. F. Silber, European Journal of Social Theory6 (2003) 429]. I will be trying to temper any macro‐sociological speculative analysis with the explanations and actions of individual agents while always emphasizing that agents are in situated in highly specific relationships.
Neurocognitive Contexts for Morphological Complexity: Dissociating Inflection and Derivation
Authors: Bozic Mirjana , Marslen‐Wilson William 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe review experimental findings about the processing of morphologically complex words, and provide a neuro‐cognitive account of the mechanisms that underlie this processing. Within the framework of the brain network that supports language comprehension, we argue that complex words created by regular and rule‐based combinations, such as regular inflections in English (e.g. played, jumps), engage a left‐lateralized frontotemporal subsystem, specialized for grammatical computations. In contrast, processing of lexicalized and unpredictable complexity, present in derived words (e.g. bravely, warmth), engages a bilateral subsystem, which underpins whole‐word, stem‐based lexical access. We suggest a potential neurobiological framework for this proposed organization.
Glioblastoma, Cancer Stem Cells and Hypoxia
Authors: Bar Eli E. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) prognosis remains dismal, with most patients succumbing to disease within 1 or 2 years of diagnosis. Recent studies have suggested that many solid tumors, including GBM, are maintained by a subset of cells termed cancer stem cells (CSCs). It has been shown that these cells are inherently radio‐ and chemotherapy resistant, and may be maintained in vivo in a niche characterized by reduced oxygen tension (hypoxia). This review examines the recently described effects of hypoxia on CSC in GBM, and the potential promise in targeting the hypoxic pathway therapeutically.
Resistance to aspirin and clopidogrel therapy
Authors: MUSALLAM K. M. , CHARAFEDDINE K. , BITAR A. , KHOURY M. , ASSAAD S. , BERESIAN J. , ALAM S. , TAHER A. T. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryIntroduction:  Despite increasing evidence on the roles of aspirin and clopidogrel in decreasing morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease, resistance to therapy remains an emerging clinical entity. The aim of this review was to revisit current knowledge of the mechanisms, laboratory evaluation, clinical impact and management of resistance to aspirin and clopidogrel therapy.Methods:  Potentially relevant studies were identified from an electronic search of MEDLINE and PubMed databases. There were no language or publication year restrictions. References in published articles were also reviewed.Results:  Several definitions for resistance have been set, and various laboratory testing modalities are available. The pathophysiological mechanisms remain poorly understood; yet, several extrinsic, intrinsic and genetic factors are described. The clinical implications of this phenomenon are alarming and warrant concern. Management is currently limited to dosing alteration and introduction of other antiplatelet agents.Conclusion:  Data from ongoing and future studies are awaited to better understand this entity and to highlight the most appropriate treatment strategies.
Middle‐class Latin@ Identity: Building a Theoretical and Conceptual Framework
Authors: Delgado Daniel J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMiddle‐class Latin@ identity is a rare discussion in the racial/ethnic studies and identity literatures. Often the Latin@ middle class is invisible as much of the research focuses on the poor, working class and immigrant populations. This article provides a discussion of literature that addresses the shape of middle‐class Latin@ identity. It then moves to provide a theoretical and conceptual framework of strategies of identity negotiation for middle‐class Latin@s based on this existing literature. Ultimately, it provides a much needed shift in both the identity and race/ethnic studies literatures by balancing structural and agentic elements of conceptualizing how middle‐class Latin@ people’s identities are maintained, constructed, and negotiated.