bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metalights: Improved Interleaved Shading
Authors: Faure William , Chang Chun‐Fa 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe present metalights, a novel Virtual Point Light (VPL) encapsulating structure which enhances classic interleaved shading by improving VPL sampling, based on few initial screen space samples to estimate VPL contribution to current view. Our method leads to important noise variance reduction in the final picture by only adding a small fraction of computation. The implementation is straight‐forward and well adapted to both CPU and GPU‐based engines. We also present different image‐space assignment schemes for the VPL subsets to break the regularity of the noise pattern or to adapt it to simple antialiasing.
Image Synthesis for Branching Structures
Authors: Sibbing Dominik , Pavić Darko , Kobbelt Leif 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe present a set of techniques for the synthesis of artificial images that depict branching structures like rivers, cracks, lightning, mountain ranges, or blood vessels. The central idea is to build a statistical model that captures the characteristic bending and branching structure from example images. Then a new skeleton structure is synthesized and the final output image is composed from image fragments of the original input images. The synthesis part of our algorithm runs mostly automatic but it optionally allows the user to control the process in order to achieve a specific result. The combination of the statistical bending and branching model with sophisticated fragment‐based image synthesis corresponds to a multi‐resolution decomposition of the underlying branching structure into the low frequency behavior (captured by the statistical model) and the high frequency detail (captured by the image detail in the fragments). This approach allows for the synthesis of realistic branching structures, while at the same time preserving important textural details from the original image.
Contour‐based Interface for Refining Volume Segmentation
Authors: Ijiri Takashi , Yokota Hideo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMedical volume images contain ambiguous and low‐contrast boundaries around which existing fully‐ or semiautomatic segmentation algorithms often cause errors. In this paper, we propose a novel system for intuitively and efficiently refining medical volume segmentation by modifying multiple curved contours. Starting with segmentation data obtained using any existing algorithm, the user places a three‐dimensional curved cross‐section and contours of the foreground region by drawing a cut stroke, and then modifies the contours referring to the cross‐section. The modified contours are used as constraints for deforming a boundary surface that envelops the foreground region, and the region is updated by that deformed boundary. Our surface deformation algorithm seamlessly integrates detail‐preserving and curvature‐diffusing methods to keep important detail boundary features intact while obtaining smooth surfaces around unimportant boundary regions. Our system supports topological manipulations as well as contour shape modifications. We illustrate the feasibility of our system by providing examples of its application to the extraction of bones, muscles, kidneys with blood vessels, and bowels.
B‐Mesh: A Modeling System for Base Meshes of 3D Articulated Shapes
Authors: Ji Zhongping , Liu Ligang , Wang Yigang 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a novel modeling system, called B‐Mesh, for generating base meshes of 3D articulated shapes. The user only needs to draw a one‐dimensional skeleton and to specify key balls at the skeletal nodes. The system then automatically generates a quad dominant initial mesh. Further subdivision and evolution are performed to refine the initial mesh and generate a quad mesh which has good edge flow along the skeleton directions. The user can also modify and manipulate the shape by editing the skeleton and the key balls and can easily compose new shapes by cutting and pasting existing models in our system. The mesh models generated in our system greatly benefit the sculpting operators for sculpting modeling and skeleton‐based animation.
L4RW: Laziness‐based Realistic Real‐time Responsive Rebalance in Walking
Authors: Xu Mingliang , Li Huansen , Lv Pei , Chen Wenzhi , Liu Gengdai , Zhu Pengyu , Pan Zhigeng 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe present a novel L4RW (Laziness‐based Realistic Real‐time Responsive Rebalance in Walking) technique to synthesize 4RW animations under unexpected external perturbations with minimal locomotion effort. We first devise a lazy dynamic rebalance model, which specifies the dynamic balance conditions, defines the rebalance effort, and selects the suitable rebalance strategy automatically using the laziness law after an unexpected perturbation. Based on the model, L4RW searches over a motion capture (mocap) database for an appropriate motion segment to follow, and the transition‐to motions is generated by interpolating the active response dynamic motion. A support vector machine (SVM) based training, classification, and predication algorithm is applied to reduce the search space, and it is trained offline only once. Our algorithm classifies the mocap database into many rebalance strategy‐specified subsets and then online predicts responsive motions in the subset according to the selected strategy. The rebalance effort, the ‘extrapolated center of mass’ (XCoM) and environment constraints are selected as feature attributes for the SVM feature vector. Furthermore, the subset's segments are sorted through the rebalance effort, then our algorithm searches for an acceptable segment starting from the least‐effort segment. Compared with previous methods, our search increases speed by over two orders of magnitude, and our algorithm creates more realistic and smooth 4RW animation.
Creating and Preserving Vortical Details in SPH Fluid
Authors: Zhu Bo , Yang Xubo , Fan Ye 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe present a new method to create and preserve the turbulent details generated around moving objects in SPH fluid. In our approach, a high‐resolution overlapping grid is bounded to each object and translates with the object. The turbulence formation is modeled by resolving the local flow around objects using a hybrid SPH‐FLIP method. Then these vortical details are carried on SPH particles flowing through the local region and preserved in the global field in a synthetic way. Our method provides a physically plausible way to model the turbulent details around both rigid and deformable objects in SPH fluid, and can efficiently produce animations of complex gaseous phenomena with rich visual details.
Fast Particle‐based Visual Simulation of Ice Melting
Authors: Iwasaki K. , Uchida H. , Dobashi Y. , Nishita T. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe visual simulation of natural phenomena has been widely studied. Although several methods have been proposed to simulate melting, the flows of meltwater drops on the surfaces of objects are not taken into account. In this paper, we propose a particle‐based method for the simulation of the melting and freezing of ice objects and the interactions between ice and fluids. To simulate the flow of meltwater on ice and the formation of water droplets, a simple interfacial tension is proposed, which can be easily incorporated into common particle‐based simulation methods such as Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics. The computations of heat transfer, the phase transition between ice and water, the interactions between ice and fluids, and the separation of ice due to melting are further accelerated by implementing our method using CUDA. We demonstrate our simulation and rendering method for depicting melting ice at interactive frame‐rates.
Semi‐isometric Registration of Line Features for Flexible Fitting of Protein Structures
Authors: Abeysinghe S.S. , Baker M. L. , Chiu W. , Ju T. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we study a registration problem that is motivated by a practical biology problem – fitting protein structures to low‐re solution density maps. We consider registration between two sets of lines features (e.g., helices in the proteins) that have undergone not a single, but multiple isometric transformations (e.g., hinge‐motions). The problem is further complicated by the presence of symmetry in each set. We formulate the problem as a clique‐finding problem in a product graph, and propose a heuristic solution that includes a fast clique‐finding algorithm unique to the structure of this graph. When tested on a suite of real protein structures, the algorithm achieved high accuracy even for very large inputs containing hundreds of helices.
A simple and robust thinning algorithm on cell complexes
Authors: Liu L. , Chambers E. W. , Letscher D. , Ju T. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThinning is a commonly used approach for computing skeleton descriptors. Traditional thinning algorithms often have a simple, iterative structure, yet producing skeletons that are overly sensitive to boundary perturbations. We present a novel thinning algorithm, operating on objects represented as cell complexes, that preserves the simplicity of typical thinning algorithms but generates skeletons that more robustly capture global shape features. Our key insight is formulating a skeleton significance measure, calledmedial persistence, which identify skeleton geometry at various dimensions (e.g., curves or surfaces) that represent object parts with different anisotropic elongations (e.g., tubes or plates). The measure is generally defined in any dimensions, and can be easily computed using a single thinning pass. Guided by medial persistence, our algorithm produces a family of topology and shape preserving skeletons whose shape and composition can be flexible controlled by desired level of medial persistence.
Automatic Animation for Time‐Varying Data Visualization
Authors: Yu Li , Lu Aidong , Ribarsky William , Chen Wei 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a digital storytelling approach that generates automatic animations for time‐varying data visualization. Our approach simulates the composition and transition of storytelling techniques and synthesizes animations to describe various event features. Specifically, we analyze information related to a given event and abstract it as an event graph, which represents data features as nodes and event relationships as links. This graph embeds a tree‐like hierarchical structure which encodes data features at different scales. Next, narrative structures are built by exploring starting nodes and suitable search strategies in this graph. Different stages of narrative structures are considered in our automatic rendering parameter decision process to generate animations as digital stories. We integrate this animation generation approach into an interactive exploration process of time‐varying data, so that more comprehensive information can be provided in a timely fashion. We demonstrate with a storm surge application that our approach allows semantic visualization of time‐varying data and easy animation generation for users without special knowledge about the underlying visualization techniques.
Experimental Feedback on Prog&Play: A Serious Game for Programming Practice
Authors: Muratet M. , Torguet P. , Viallet F. , Jessel J.P. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract This paper presents an experimental feedback on a serious game dedicated to strengthening programming skills. This serious game, called Prog&Play, is built on an open source real‐time strategy game. Its goal is to be compatible with different students, teachers and institutions. We based its evaluation on an iterative process that allows to implement the game and carry out experimentations in several contexts. Through this assessment, we define a framework which has been tested by third parties and we analyse both positive and negative points to improve the project. Evaluation is indeed beneficial and enables you to establish communication about the implemented practices.
What's Braj got to do with the Hindi–Urdu divide?
Authors: BHATNAGAR RASHMI DUBE 
Published: October 2010

Jonathan Arac, ‘From north Indian vernaculars to a new world philology’ Aamir R. Mufti, ‘Orientalism and the language of Hindustan’ Rashmi Dube Bhatnagar, ‘What's Braj got to do with the Hindi–Urdu divide?’ Mehr Afshan Farooqi, ‘Āb‐e gum, or “Disappeared Water” as a metaphor for language, location, and loss This cluster of papers carries forward Critical Quarterly's emphasis on language in society and history. They offer incisive, innovative perspectives on several major debates concerning vernacular languages of northern South Asia. Hindi and Urdu have been the languages of Indian‐Hindu and Pakistani‐Muslim nationalism, extending over the arc from British colonialism to Independence and Partition (1947), and continuing in the seven decades since. Both languages arise from the north Indian everyday speech called, in its own terms, Kharī bōlī and known in the nineteenth century as Hindustani (unsuccessfully revived by Gandhi as a unifying term and concept). The only definitive distinction between them is the alphabet: Hindi is rendered in Devanagari; Urdu in a right‐to‐left script derived from Persian and Arabic.
Orientalism and the language of Hindustan
Authors: MUFTI AAMIR R. 
Published: October 2010

Jonathan Arac, ‘From north Indian vernaculars to a new world philology’ Aamir R. Mufti, ‘Orientalism and the language of Hindustan’ Rashmi Dube Bhatnagar, ‘What's Braj got to do with the Hindi–Urdu divide?’ Mehr Afshan Farooqi, ‘Āb‐e gum, or “Disappeared Water” as a metaphor for language, location, and loss This cluster of papers carries forward Critical Quarterly's emphasis on language in society and history. They offer incisive, innovative perspectives on several major debates concerning vernacular languages of northern South Asia. Hindi and Urdu have been the languages of Indian‐Hindu and Pakistani‐Muslim nationalism, extending over the arc from British colonialism to Independence and Partition (1947), and continuing in the seven decades since. Both languages arise from the north Indian everyday speech called, in its own terms, Kharī bōlī and known in the nineteenth century as Hindustani (unsuccessfully revived by Gandhi as a unifying term and concept). The only definitive distinction between them is the alphabet: Hindi is rendered in Devanagari; Urdu in a right‐to‐left script derived from Persian and Arabic.
A Behavioural Bayes Approach for Sample Size Determination in Cluster Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Kikuchi Takashi , Gittins John 
Published: October 2010

SummaryCluster randomized clinical trials are increasingly popular to evaluate disease control interventions for communities. In these trials health interventions are allocated randomly to complete clusters or groups rather than to individual subjects. Sample size calculation for cluster randomized clinical trials has been largely based on classical theory, taking account of between-cluster variation, and of type I and II errors. It is desirable to use an approach which maximizes the expected net benefit, but there is as yet no established methodology along these lines. Gittins and Pezeshk presented an expected net benefit approach to sample size determination. We extend that approach to cluster randomized clinical trials.
Further evidence for an involvement of nociceptin/orphanin FQ in the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease: a behavioral and neurochemical study in reserpinized mice
Authors: Volta Mattia , Mabrouk Omar S. , Bido Simone , Marti Matteo , Morari Michele 
Published: October 2010

J. Neurochem.(2010)115,1543–1555.AbstractThe contribution of nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) to reserpine‐induced Parkinsonism was evaluated in mice. A battery of motor tests revealed that reserpine caused dose‐dependent and long‐lasting motor impairment. Endogenous N/OFQ sustained this response because N/OFQ peptide (NOP) receptor knockout (NOP−/−) mice were less susceptible to the hypokinetic action of reserpine than wild‐type (NOP+/+) animals. Microdialysis revealed that reserpine elevated glutamate and reduced GABA levels in substantia nigra reticulata, and that resistance to reserpine in NOP−/−mice was accompanied by a milder increase in glutamate and lack of inhibition of GABA levels. To substantiate this genetic evidence, the NOP receptor antagonist 1‐[(3R,4R)‐1‐cyclooctylmethyl‐3‐hydroxymethyl‐4‐piperidyl]‐3‐ethyl‐1,3‐dihydro‐2H benzimidazol‐2‐one (J‐113397) simultaneously reduced akinesia and nigral glutamate levels in reserpinized NOP+/+mice, being ineffective in NOP−/−mice. Moreover, repeated J‐113397 administration in reserpinized mice resulted in faster recovery of baseline motor performance which was, however, accompanied by a loss of acute antiakinetic response. The short‐term beneficial effect of J‐113397 was paralleled by normalization of nigral glutamate levels, whereas loss of acute response was paralleled by loss of the ability of J‐113397 to inhibit glutamate levels. We conclude that endogenous N/OFQ contributes to reserpine‐induced Parkinsonism, and that sustained NOP receptor blockade produces short‐term motor improvement accompanied by normalization of nigral glutamate release.
Reduced proteasomal activity contributes to the accumulation of carbonylated proteins in chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Zheng Jianzheng , Bizzozero Oscar A. 
Published: October 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 115, 1556–1567.AbstractWe have recently shown that several carbonylated proteins, including glial fibrillary acidic protein, β‐actin and β‐tubulin, accumulate within cerebellar astrocytes during the chronic phase of myelin‐oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35‐55 peptide‐induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in C57BL/6 mice. As protein carbonyls cannot be repaired and there is less oxidative stress in chronic than in acute EAE, we hypothesized that the accumulation of carbonylated proteins in these animals may be due to a defect in the degradation of the modified proteins. Alternatively, oxidized proteins in chronic EAE mice may be more resistant to proteolysis. Using lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated astrocytes and several protease inhibitors we identified the 20S proteasome as the proteolytic system responsible for the elimination of most oxidized proteins. We also discovered that the chymotrysin‐like and caspase‐like activities of the 20S proteasome are impaired in chronic EAE, while the amount of proteasome was unchanged. Proteasome failure in these animals was confirmed by the build‐up of ubiquitinated proteins, mostly within astrocytes. In a cell‐free system, carbonylated proteins from EAE mice with acute and chronic disease seem to be equally sensitive to proteasomal degradation. Altogether, the results support the notion that diminished activity of the 20S proteasome is a major contributor to the accumulation of carbonylated proteins in astrocytes of chronic EAE mice.
Predictive Factors of the Nursing Diagnosis Sedentary Lifestyle in People with High Blood Pressure
Authors: Guedes Nirla Gomes , Lopes Marcos Venícios de Oliveira , Araujo Thelma Leite de , Moreira Rafaella Pessoa , Martins Larissa Castelo Guedes 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT
Objectives: To verify the reproducibility of defining the characteristics and related factors in order to identify a sedentary lifestyle in patients with high blood pressure.Design and Sample: A cross‐sectional study. 310 patients diagnosed with high blood pressure.Measures: Socio‐demographics and variables related to defining the characteristics and related factors of a sedentary lifestyle. The coefficient Kappa was utilized to analyze the reproducibility. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of the defining characteristics were also analyzed. Logistic regression was applied in the analysis of possible predictors.Results: The defining characteristic with the greatest sensitivity was demonstrates physical deconditioning (98.92%). The characteristics chooses a daily routine lacking physical exercise and verbalizes preference for activities low in physical activity presented higher values of specificity (99.21% and 95.97%, respectively).Conclusions: The following indicators were identified as powerful predictors (85.2%) for the identification of a sedentary lifestyle: demonstrates physical deconditioning, verbalizes preference for activities low in physical activity, and lack of training for accomplishment of physical exercise.
Comparison of effects of automated peritoneal dialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis on health‐related quality of life, sleep quality, and depression
Authors: GUNEY Ibrahim , SOLAK Yalcin , ATALAY Huseyin , YAZICI Raziye , ALTINTEPE Lutfullah , Kara Fatih , YEKSAN Mehdi , TURK Suleyman 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFew studies investigating the effects of automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), depression, and sleep quality exist in the literature. We aimed to determine differences between APD and CAPD modalities with respect to these parameters. Twenty APD and 48 CAPD patients were included in this cross‐sectional study. Biochemical values were measured at outpatient evaluation. A modified postsleep inventory was used to evaluate sleep quality. Health‐related quality of life and depression were evaluated by the Short Form of Medical Outcomes Study and Beck Depression Inventory, respectively. Automated peritoneal dialysis and CAPD patients were compared in terms of sleep quality, HRQoL, and depression. Our results showed that there were no significant differences between APD and CAPD in any of the studied parameters. Moderate or severe sleep problems were found in 60% and 69% of the APD and CAPD patients, respectively. Mean HRQoL scores for any of the 8 Short Form of Medical Outcomes Study‐36 domains were similar in the 2 groups. The mean physical component score was 51.1 ± 21.2 and 48.9 ± 18.2 in APD and CAPD patients, respectively (P=0.672). The mean mental component score was 47.5 ± 20.1 in APD patients, whereas it was 42.4 ± 19.5 in CAPD patients (P=0.291). Depression was detected in 70% of APD and 62.5% of the CAPD patients. The mean Beck Depression Inventory scores were also similar in the 2 groups. This study showed that HRQoL, sleep quality, and depression were similar in APD and CAPD patients.
Updated comorbidity assessments and outcomes in prevalent hemodialysis patients
Authors: CHANG Tara I. , PAIK Jane , GREENE Tom , MISKULIN Dana C. , CHERTOW Glenn M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWhen evaluating clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients on hemodialysis, the prevalence and severity of comorbidity may change over time. Knowing whether updated assessments of comorbidity enhance predictive power will assist the design of future studies. We conducted a secondary data analysis of 1846 prevalent hemodialysis patients from 15 US clinical centers enrolled in the HEMO study. Our primary explanatory variable was the Index of Coexistent Diseases score, which aggregates comorbidities, as a time‐constant and time‐varying covariate. Our outcomes of interest were all‐cause mortality, time to first hospitalization, and total hospitalizations. We used Cox proportional hazards regression. Accounting for an updated comorbidity assessment over time yielded a more robust association with mortality than accounting for baseline comorbidity alone. The variation explained by time‐varying comorbidity assessments on time to death was greater than age, baseline serum albumin, diabetes, or any other covariates. There was a less pronounced advantage of updated comorbidity assessments on determining time to hospitalization. Updated assessments of comorbidity significantly strengthen the ability to predict death in patients on hemodialysis. Future studies in dialysis should invest the necessary resources to include repeated assessments of comorbidity.