bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple Catalysis with Two Chiral Units: An Additional Dimension for Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors: Piovesana Susy , Scarpino Schietroma Daniele M. , Bella Marco 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis Minireview focuses on asymmetric reactions mediated by two distinct chiral catalysts (chiral multiple catalysis). Initially, this approach appears unconventional, but indeed it allows a fast multidimensional optimization and fine‐tuning of the catalytic system required to perform a given transformation. Herein, this emerging concept is presented and its potential applications are highlighted.
In Vivo Solid‐Phase Microextraction in Metabolomics: Opportunities for the Direct Investigation of Biological Systems
Authors: Vuckovic Dajana , Risticevic Sanja , Pawliszyn Janusz 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSample preparation has a strong impact on the quality of metabolomics studies. The use of solid‐phase microextraction (SPME), particularly its in vivo format, enables the capture of a more representative metabolome and presents opportunities to detect low‐abundance, short‐lived, and/or unstable species not easily captured by traditional methods. The technique is ideally suited for temporal, spatial, and longitudinal studies of the same living system, as well as multicompartmental studies of the same organism. SPME is useful for the investigation of biological systems ranging in complexity from cells to mammalian tissues. Selected examples are highlighted in this Minireview in order to place the technique within the context of conventional methods of sample preparation for metabolomics.
Numerical investigation on effects of interphase force closures on liquid‐phase turbulence and microbubbles distribution in vertical upward channel bubbly flow
Authors: Pang Mingjun , Wei Jinjia , Yu Bo 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTFully understanding mechanisms of the phase distribution and modulations of bubbles on the liquid‐phase turbulence is very crucial for practical applications of bubbly flows. In this paper, influences of different interphase forces on both of them were widely investigated with an Euler–Lagrange model in a vertical upward channel bubbly flow laden with microbubbles. The flow field was simulated by using direct numerical simulations (DNS), while the bubble dynamics were fully analyzed by integration of Newtonian equations of motion taking into account of four different combinations of interphase forces. The phase distribution and turbulence statistics of the liquid phase were comprehensively analyzed for all testing cases. The results show that the local void fraction profiles for different testing cases are different, whereas profiles of the turbulent statistics for all cases have a similar distributing trend with different magnitudes. It can be concluded from the present results that the drag force, the lift force, and the added mass force have a comparatively important influence on the local void fraction profile and the liquid‐phase turbulence. In contrast, the influence of the pressure gradient force seems to be extremely small. Copyright © 2011 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electropolymerization of a new 4‐(2,5‐Di‐2‐thiophen‐2‐yl‐pyrrol‐1‐yl)‐tetra substituted nickel phthalocyanine derivative
Authors: Yavuz Arzu , Bezgin Çarbaş Buket , Aras Leyla , Önal Ahmet M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA new tetrakis 4‐(2,5‐di‐2‐thiophen‐2‐yl‐pyrrol‐1‐yl) substituted nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc‐SNS) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT‐IR), and UV–vis spectroscopies. The electrochemical polymerization of this newly synthesized NiPc‐SNS was performed in dichloromethane (DCM)/tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAP) solvent/electrolyte couple. An insoluble film was deposited on the electrode surface, both during repetitive cycling and constant potential electrolysis at 0.85 V. Resulting polymer film, P(NiPc‐SNS), was characterized utilizing UV–vis and FT‐IR spectroscopic techniques and its electrochemical behavior was investigated via cyclic voltammetry (CV). Spectroelectrochemical behavior of the polymer film on indium tin oxide (ITO) working electrode was investigated by recording the electronic absorption spectra, in situ, in monomer‐free electrolytic solution at different potentials and it is found that the P(NiPc‐SNS) film can be reversibly cycled between 0.0 and 1.1 V and exhibits electrochromic behavior; dark olive green in the neutral and dark blue in the oxidized states with a switching time of 1.98 s. Furthermore, the band gap of P(NiPc‐SNS) was calculated as 2.27 eV from the onset of π–π* transition of the conjugated backbone. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Poly(vinyl alcohol)‐based polymeric membrane: Preparation and tensile properties
Authors: Dong Qiang , Liu Junsheng , Yao Chao , Shao Guoquan 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA series of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)‐based single‐layer organic polymeric membranes were prepared via the crosslinking of PVA with different amounts of formaldehyde. Meanwhile, for comparison, both a three‐layer organic polymeric membrane and a hybrid composite membrane were also prepared by the layer‐upon‐layer method. Their thermal stability and tensile properties were investigated to examine the effect of crosslinking on the membrane performances. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry thermal analyses showed that the thermal degradation temperature of the single‐layer crosslinked membrane C reached up to 325°C. Tensile testing indicated that the three‐layer organic polymeric membrane E had excellent tensile strength among these single‐layer and three‐layer membranes. The swelling properties revealed that the swelling degree value of these membranes decreased with an increase in methanol concentration; this suggests that they were not easily swollen by the methanol solution, which is meaningful for the separation of organic mixtures. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images exhibited that the crosslinking of functional groups impacted their structures and confirmed that their mechanical properties were related to their structures. These findings suggest that the crosslinking of functional groups is an effective method for adjusting the tensile strength of PVA‐based organic polymeric membranes and related hybrid composite membranes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Magnetic and electric responsive hydrogel–magnetic nanocomposites for drug‐delivery application
Authors: Reddy N. Narayana , Mohan Y. Murali , Varaprasad K. , Ravindra S. , Joy P. A. , Raju K. Mohana 
Published: May 2011

AbstractMagnetic and electrically responsive hydrogel networks were developed for drug‐delivery applications. The hydrogel matrices were synthesized by the polymerization of acrylamide monomer in the presence of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) or methylcellulose (MC) with N,N‐methylenebisacrylamide, a crosslinker with the redox initiating system ammonium persulfate/tetramethylethylenediamine. The magnetic nanoparticles were generated throughout these hydrogel matrices by an in situ method by the incorporation of iron ions and their subsequent reduction with ammonia. A series of hydrogel–magnetic nanocomposites (HGMNCs) were developed with various CMC and MC compositions. The synthesized HGMNCs were characterized with spectral (Fourier transform infrared and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy), X‐ray diffraction, thermal, and microscopy methods. These HGMNCs contained iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles with an average particle size of about 22 nm, as observed by transmission electron microscopy. The dielectrical properties of the pure hydrogel (HG); the hydrogel loaded with iron ions, or the hydrogel iron‐ion composite (HGIC); and the HGMNCs were measured. These results suggest that HGMNCs exhibited higher dielectric constants compared to HG and HGICs. The curcumin loading and release characteristics were also measured for HG, HGIC, and HGMNC systems. These data revealed that there was a sustained release of curcumin from HGMNCs because of the presence of magnetic nanoparticles in the hydrogel networks. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Controlled aggregation of colloidal particles for toner applications
Authors: Turner Alyson J. , Nair Smitha , Lai Zhen , Cheng Chieh‐Min , Bhatia Surita R. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractMicrometer‐sized particles were formed by controlled aggregation of carboxylated polystyrene colloidal spheres having a mean diameter of about 200 nm with a commercial cationic coagulant. To identify the parameters governing the size and structure of the aggregates, the aggregate size distribution was studied over a period of time with dynamic light scattering. The effect of the particle concentration, pH, and ionic strength on the aggregation behavior was investigated. The coagulant concentration used for present studies was 5 parts per hundred on the basis of the polystyrene particles and the particle concentrations used were 10–15%. The particle size distribution for the latex suspensions was also investigated with a 10% aluminum sulfate [Al2(SO4)3·14H2O] solution as a model coagulant. With the commercial coagulant, aggregation was found to be slower at lower pH than at neutral pH. At pH 6, the particles started to aggregate within minutes and form aggregates of about 1000 nm. We expected that lowering the pH would reduce interparticle repulsive forces and enhance the collision efficiency. However, at a lower pH of 2, the aggregation process slowed down. Increasing the ionic strength at neutral pH led to a broader aggregate size distribution, and the population of larger aggregates increased. The suspensions with the model coagulant showed similar behavior. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Experimental and theoretic studies on sound transmission loss of laminated mica‐filled poly(vinyl chloride) composites
Authors: Wang Xing , You Feng , Zhang Feng Shun , Li Jiang , Guo Shaoyun 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe effects of dioctyl phthalate and inorganic filler, mica, on the sound insulation property of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) were investigated in this work. The stiffness and mass laws, which are the common theoretic tools to predict the soundproof properties of materials, were used to analyze the sound transmission loss (STL). The experimental results revealed that the stiffness and mass laws can describe well the sound insulation property of PVC/mica composites. The stiffness and surface density are important factors influencing the improvement of STL. With the increase of content of mica, STL and resonance frequency, fmn, of PVC/mica composites increase. Moreover, the change of STL in the stiffness‐ controlled region is more obvious than that in the mass‐controlled region, because the addition of mica in PVC leads to a greater increase in the stiffness. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Phonons and heat capacity of polyoxymethylene
Authors: Srivastava Shweta , Srivastava Seema , Srivastava Shinoo , La'Verne Sanjeev John , Khan Irfan Ali , Ali Parvez , Gupta V. D. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractUsing Wilson's GF matrix method as modified by Higgs for an infinite system, we report normal modes and their dispersion for polyoxymethylene using the Urey‐Bradley force field. Heat capacity has been evaluated as a function of temperature from dispersion curves via density‐of‐states. The results obtained agree well with the experimental data reported in the literature. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Amphiphilic diblock copolymers containing poly(N‐hexylisocyanate): Monolayer behavior at the air–water interface
Authors: Gargallo L. , Becerra N. , Sandoval C. , Pitsikalis M. , Hadjichristidis N. , Leiva A. , Radic' D. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe behavior of amphiphilic diblock copolymers containing 80–89% of poly(N‐hexylisocyanate) (PHIC) with different hydrophobic segments spread at the air–water interface has been studied. Surface pressure‐area isotherms (π‐A) at the air–water interface were determined. It was found that these diblock copolymers form stable monolayers and the isotherms present a pseudoplateau region at low surface pressure, irrespective of the nature of the partner block: poly(styrene) (PS) or poly(isoprene). Surface pressure variation at the semidilute region of the monolayer was expressed in terms of the scaling laws as power function of the surface concentration. The critical exponents of the excluded volume ν obtained for copolymers with PHIC and PS blocks are 0.58 for the copolymer with 85% of PHIC and 15% of PS, and 0.63 for the copolymer with 89% of PHIC and 11% of PS. The hydrophobicity degree of the diblock copolymers was estimated from the determination of the surface energy values by wettability measurements. The morphology of the monolayers was determined by means of Brewster angle microscopy. Molecular dynamic simulation was performed to explain the experimental behavior of diblock copolymers at the air–water interface. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Simultaneous antimicrobial and dyeing of wool: A facial method
Authors: Sepahi Rad Panthea , Montazer Majid , Karim Rahimi Mohammad 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis study is carried out to examine the effects of simultaneous dyeing and antimicrobial finishing of wool yarns. Wool yarns were dyed with acid dye along with colloidal silver nanoparticles through the exhaustion method in a one‐bath. Different concentrations of nanosilver were examined to evaluate its influences on the color and the antibacterial properties of the yarns. The antibacterial property of the sample has been tested by a Gram‐negative bacterium Escherichia coli and a Gram‐positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. Also, the tenacity of wool yarns, color, and rubbing fastness of the dyed yarns has been measured. The color fastness against washing and antibacterial property of the dyed yarns after 10 laundering cycles was also considered. The fiber morphology was studied by SEM pattern, EDX, and X‐ray diffractometer. The results showed that the wool yarns dyed with acid dye along with 25 ppm of silver nanoparticles exhibited a very good antimicrobial effect even after 10 laundering cycles on S. aureus while the rubbing fastness remained unchanged, and the color fastness and tenacity were even improved. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Reviewing the Morphology of the Jaw‐Closing Musculature in Squirrels, Rats, and Guinea Pigs with Contrast‐Enhanced MicroCt
Authors: Cox Philip G. , Jeffery Nathan 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTransverse microCT through the head of three rodent species, highlighting musculature that close the jaw. See Figure 12 in Cox and Jeffery, on page 926, in this issue.
Analyzing the wikisphere: Methodology and data to support quantitative wiki research
Authors: Stuckman Jeffrey , Purtilo James 
Published: May 2011

AbstractOwing to the inherent difficulty in obtaining experimental data from wikis, past quantitative wiki research has largely focused on Wikipedia, limiting the ability to generalize such research. To facilitate the analysis of wikis other than Wikipedia, we developed WikiCrawler, a tool that automatically gathers research data from public wikis without supervision. We then built a corpus of 151 wikis, which we have made publicly available. Our analysis indicated that these wikis display signs of collaborative authorship, validating them as objects of study. We then performed an initial analysis of the corpus and discovered some similarities with Wikipedia, such as users contributing at unequal rates. We also analyzed distributions of edits across pages and users, resulting in data which can motivate or verify mathematical models of behavior on wikis. By providing data collection tools and a corpus of already‐collected data, we have completed an important first step for investigations that analyze user behavior, establish measurement baselines for wiki evaluation, and generalize Wikipedia research by testing hypotheses across many wikis.
Oxidative Dissolution of Silver Nanoparticles by Dioxygen: A Kinetic and Mechanistic Study
Authors: Ho Chi‐Ming , Wong Chi‐Kit , Yau Sammi King‐Woon , Lok Chun‐Nam , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe have recently reported a kinetic and mechanistic study on oxidative dissolution of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by H2O2. In the present study, the parameters that govern the dissolution of AgNPs by O2 were revealed by using UV/Vis spectrophotometry. Under the same reaction conditions (Tris‐HOAc, pH 8.5, I=0.1 M at 25 °C) the apparent dissolution rate (kapp) of AgNPs (10±2.8 nm) by O2 is about 100‐fold slower than that of H2O2. The reaction rate is first‐order with respect to [Ag0], [O2], and [Tris]T, and inverse first‐order with respect to [Ag+] (where [Ag0]=total concentration of Ag metal and [Tris]T=total concentration of Tris). The rate constant is dependent on the size of AgNPs. No free superoxide (O2−) and hydroxyl radical (⋅OH) were detected by trapping experiments. On the basis of kinetic and trapping experiments, an amine‐activated pathway for the oxidation of AgNPs by O2 is proposed.
Perceptual grouping abilities in individuals with autism spectrum disorder; exploring patterns of ability in relation to grouping type and levels of development
Authors: Farran Emily K. , Brosnan Mark J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis study further investigates findings of impairment in Gestalt, but not global processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) [Brosnan, Scott, Fox, & Pye, 2004]. Nineteen males with ASD and nineteen typically developing (TD) males matched by nonverbal ability, took part in five Gestalt perceptual grouping tasks. Results showed that performance differed according to grouping type. The ASD group showed typical performance for grouping by proximity and by alignment, impairment on low difficulty trials for orientation and luminance similarity, and general impairment for grouping by shape similarity. Group differences were also observed developmentally; for the ASD group, with the exception of grouping by shape similarity, perceptual grouping performance was poorer at lower than higher levels of nonverbal ability. In contrast, no developmental progression was observed in the TD controls. Autism Res 2011,4:283–292. © 2011 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetic Safeguard against Mycotoxin Cyclopiazonic Acid Production in Aspergillus oryzae
Authors: Kato Naoki , Tokuoka Masafumi , Shinohara Yasutomo , Kawatani Makoto , Uramoto Masakazu , Seshime Yasuyo , Fujii Isao , Kitamoto Katsuhiko , Takahashi Tadashi , Takahashi Shunji , Koyama Yasuji , Osada Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAspergillus oryzae is a fungus widely used in traditional Japanese fermentation industries. Its inability to produce mycotoxins, due to mutation or transcriptional repression of the genes responsible for their biosynthesis, is consistent with the hypothesis that A. oryzae is a domesticated species derived from A. flavus, a wild species that is a well‐known producer of aflatoxin. In contrast, the cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) biosynthetic gene (cpa) cluster in A. oryzae contains genes that have been lost in A. flavus. Through targeted gene inactivation, isolation of the corresponding metabolite, and evaluation of biological activity of the metabolite, we demonstrated that an A. oryzae‐specific gene—cpaH—mediates the conversion of CPA into the less toxic 2‐oxocyclopiazonic acid, a new analogue of CPA. The detoxifying properties of cpaH, which have been lost in the A. flavus pathway, reflect the relationship of the two species.
Modeling the Gas‐Phase Thermochemistry of Organosulfur Compounds
Authors: Vandeputte Aäron G. , Sabbe Maarten K. , Reyniers Marie‐Françoise , Marin Guy B. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractKey to understanding the involvement of organosulfur compounds in a variety of radical chemistries, such as atmospheric chemistry, polymerization, pyrolysis, and so forth, is knowledge of their thermochemical properties. For organosulfur compounds and radicals, thermochemical data are, however, much less well documented than for hydrocarbons. The traditional recourse to the Benson group additivity method offers no solace since only a very limited number of group additivity values (GAVs) is available. In this work, CBS‐QB3 calculations augmented with 1D hindered rotor corrections for 122 organosulfur compounds and 45 organosulfur radicals were used to derive 93 Benson group additivity values, 18 ring‐strain corrections, 2 non‐nearest‐neighbor interactions, and 3 resonance corrections for standard enthalpies of formation, standard molar entropies, and heat capacities for organosulfur compounds and organosulfur radicals. The reported GAVs are consistent with previously reported GAVs for hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon radicals and include 77 contributions, among which 26 radical contributions, which, to the best of our knowledge, have not been reported before. The GAVs allow one to estimate the standard enthalpies of formation at 298 K, the standard entropies at 298 K, and standard heat capacities in the temperature range 300–1500 K for a large set of organosulfur compounds, that is, thiols, thioketons, polysulfides, alkylsulfides, thials, dithioates, and cyclic sulfur compounds. For a validation set of 26 organosulfur compounds, the mean absolute deviation between experimental and group additively modeled enthalpies of formation amounts to 1.9 kJ mol−1. For an additional set of 14 organosulfur compounds, it was shown that the mean absolute deviations between calculated and group additively modeled standard entropies and heat capacities are restricted to 4 and 2 J mol−1 K−1, respectively. As an alternative to Benson GAVs, 26 new hydrogen‐bond increments are reported, which can also be useful for the prediction of radical thermochemistry.
Full access to medical records does not modify anxiety in cancer patients
Authors: Gravis Gwenaelle , Protière Cristel , Eisinger François , Boher Jean M. , Tarpin Carole , Coso Diane , Cappiello Maria‐Antonietta , Camerlo Jacques , Genre Dominique , Viens Patrice 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Information is crucial for increasing the patients' empowerment and autonomy in relevant decision‐making processes, especially in malignant diseases. However, the extent to which information should be delivered is debated. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of providing systematic full access (SFA) to the medical record on anxiety, quality of life, and satisfaction.METHODS:Patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer, colon cancer, or lymphoma who had received adjuvant chemotherapy in an outpatient setting were included in a randomized controlled trial comparing those who requested access (RA) and those who provided SFA to the medical record. Anxiety was assessed using the Spielberger State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory before, during, and at the end of treatment. Quality of life was evaluated using the European Organization for Research and Cancer quality‐of‐life questionnaire (EORTC QLQ‐C30) before and at the end of treatment. Patients' satisfaction and perception of the organized medical record (OMR) were evaluated using a specifically designed questionnaire at the end of treatment.RESULTS:Most patients (98%) who had the opportunity to obtain the OMR chose to do so. Anxiety levels did not increase in the SFA arm, although they did not differ significantly compared with anxiety levels in the RA arm. The patients who had full access to their medical record were more satisfied with information (odds ratio, 1.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.98‐2.9) and felt sufficiently informed more often (odds ratio, 1.86; 95% confidence interval, 1.08‐3.19), but the differences were not statistically significant at the 5% level.CONCLUSIONS:Allowing full access to personal medical records increased satisfaction without increasing anxiety in patients with newly diagnosed cancer. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society