bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Should cervical favourability play a role in the decision for labour induction in gestational hypertension or mild pre‐eclampsia at term? An exploratory analysis of the HYPITAT trial
Authors: Tajik P , van der Tuuk K , Koopmans CM , Groen H , van Pampus MG , van der Berg PP , van der Post JA , van Loon AJ , de Groot CJM , Kwee A , Huisjes AJM , van Beek E , Papatsonis DNM , Bloemenkamp KW , van Unnik GA , Porath M , Rijnders RJ , Stigter RH , de Boer K , Scheepers HC , Zwinderman AH , Bossuyt PM , Mol BW 
Published: June 2012

Please cite this paper as: Tajik P, van der Tuuk K, Koopmans C, Groen H, van Pampus M, van der Berg P, van der Post J, van Loon A, de Groot C, Kwee A, Huisjes A, van Beek E, Papatsonis D, Bloemenkamp K, van Unnik G, Porath M, Rijnders R, Stigter R, de Boer K, Scheepers H, Zwinderman A, Bossuyt P, Mol B. Should cervical favourability play a role in the decision for labour induction in gestational hypertension or mild pre‐eclampsia at term? An exploratory analysis of the HYPITAT trial. BJOG 2012;119:1123–1130.Objective  To examine whether cervical favourability (measured by cervical length and the Bishop score) should inform obstetricians’ decision regarding labour induction for women with gestational hypertension or mild pre‐eclampsia at term.Design  A post hoc analysis of the Hypertension and Pre‐eclampsia Intervention Trial At Term (HYPITAT).Setting  Obstetric departments of six university and 32 teaching and district hospitals in the Netherlands.Population  A total of 756 women diagnosed with gestational hypertension or pre‐eclampsia between 36 + 0 and 41 + 0 weeks of gestation randomly allocated to induction of labour or expectant management.Methods  Data were analysed using logistic regression modelling.Main outcome measures  The occurrence of a high‐risk maternal situation defined as either maternal complications or progression to severe disease. Secondary outcomes were caesarean delivery and adverse neonatal outcomes.Results  The superiority of labour induction in preventing high‐risk situations in women with gestational hypertension or mild pre‐eclampsia at term varied significantly according to cervical favourability. In women who were managed expectantly, the longer the cervix the higher the risk of developing maternal high‐risk situations, whereas in women in whom labour was induced, cervical length was not associated with a higher probability of maternal high‐risk situations (test of interaction P = 0.03). Similarly, the beneficial effect of labour induction on reducing the caesarean section rate was stronger in women with an unfavourable cervix.Conclusion  Against widely held opinion, our exploratory analysis showed that women with gestational hypertension or mild pre‐eclampsia at term who have an unfavourable cervix benefited more from labour induction than other women.Trial registration  The trial has been registered in the clinical trial register as ISRCTN08132825.
Long‐term cerebral imaging after pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Aukes AM , De Groot JC , Wiegman MJ , Aarnoudse JG , Sanwikarja GS , Zeeman GG 
Published: June 2012

Please cite this paper as: Aukes A, De Groot J, Wiegman M, Aarnoudse J, Sanwikarja G, Zeeman G. Long‐term cerebral imaging after pre‐eclampsia. BJOG 2012;119:1117–1122.Objective  Formerly eclamptic women demonstrate cerebral white matter lesions (WMLs) several years following the index pregnancy. The pathophysiology is unclear and may be related to the predisposition for cerebrovascular/cardiovascular disease in such women and/or the occurrence of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome whilst pregnant. The aim of this study was to assess the presence and severity of WMLs and their relationship with the severity of the neurological symptoms during the index pregnancy and several current cardiovascular risk factors in formerly pre‐eclamptic women.Design  This was a retrospective cohort study.Setting  The Neuroimaging Centre at the School for Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences, Groningen, the Netherlands.Population  Seventy‐three formerly pre‐eclamptic women were matched for age (37 ± 6 years) and elapsed time since index pregnancy (5.1 ± 3.7 years) with parous control women.Methods  Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed on cases and controls. Scans were rated by a neuroradiologist blind to the patient category.Main outcome measures  The presence and severity of cerebral WMLs.Results  Formerly pre‐eclamptic women had WMLs significantly more often (37%) and more severely (mean, 0.11; median, 0.00; range, 0–2.34 ml) than controls (21%, P = 0.04; mean, 0.015; median, 0.00; range, 0–0.13 ml; P = 0.02). Current hypertension and a history of early‐onset pre‐eclampsia (<37 weeks) were independently associated with the presence of WMLs (β = 1.34, P = 0.02 and β = 1.73, P = 0.01, respectively).Conclusions  Our findings indicate that pre‐eclampsia might be a risk marker for early cerebrovascular damage. The predisposition of formerly pre‐eclamptic women to later cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease may be an important factor for the development of cerebral WMLs. Whether a history of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome may be an additive risk factor for the development of these lesions remains unknown.
Associations between advanced maternal age and psychological distress in primiparous women, from early pregnancy to 18 months postpartum
Authors: Aasheim V , Waldenström U , Hjelmstedt A , Rasmussen S , Pettersson H , Schytt E 
Published: June 2012

Please cite this paper as:Aasheim V, Waldenström U, Hjelmstedt A, Rasmussen S, Pettersson H, Schytt E. Associations between advanced maternal age and psychological distress in primiparous women, from early pregnancy to 18 months postpartum. BJOG 2012;119:1108–1116.Objective To investigate if advanced maternal age at first birth increases the risk of psychological distress during pregnancy at 17 and 30 weeks of gestation and at 6 and 18 months after birth.Design National cohort study.Setting Norway.Sample A total of 19 291 nulliparous women recruited between 1999 and 2008 from hospitals and maternity units.Methods Questionnaire data were obtained from the longitudinal Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, and register data from the national Medical Birth Register. Advanced maternal age was defined as ≥32 years and a reference group of women aged 25–31 years was used for comparisons. The distribution of psychological distress from 20 to ≥40 years was investigated, and the prevalence of psychological distress at the four time‐points was estimated. Logistic regression analyses based on generalised estimation equations were used to investigate associations between advanced maternal age and psychological distress.Main outcome measures Psychological distress measured by SCL‐5.Results Women of advanced age had slightly higher scores of psychological distress over the period than the reference group, also after controlling for obstetric and infant variables. The youngest women had the highest scores. A history of depression increased the risk of distress in all women. With no history of depression, women of advanced age were not at higher risk. Changes over time were similar between groups and lowest at 6 months.Conclusion Women of 32 years and beyond had slightly increased risk of psychological distress during pregnancy and the first 18 months of motherhood compared with women aged 25–31 years.
Alterations in bioenergetic function induced by Parkinson’s disease mimetic compounds: lack of correlation with superoxide generation
Authors: Dranka Brian P. , Zielonka Jacek , Kanthasamy Anumantha G. , Kalyanaraman Balaraman 
Published: June 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 122, 941–951.AbstractIn vitro and in vivo models of Parkinson’s disease (PD) suggest that increased oxidant production leads to mitochondrial dysfunction in dopaminergic neurons and subsequent cell death. However, it remains unclear if cell death in these models is caused by inhibition of mitochondrial function or oxidant production. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidant production in response to multiple PD neurotoxicant mimetics. MPP+ caused a dose‐dependent decrease in the basal oxygen consumption rate in dopaminergic N27 cells, indicating a loss of mitochondrial function. In parallel, we found that MPP+ only modestly increased oxidation of hydroethidine as a diagnostic marker of superoxide production in these cells. Similar results were found using rotenone as a mitochondrial inhibitor, or 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) as a mechanistically distinct PD neurotoxicant, but not with exposure to paraquat. In addition, the extracellular acidification rate, used as a marker of glycolysis, was stimulated to compensate for oxygen consumption rate inhibition after exposure to MPP+, rotenone, or 6‐OHDA, but not paraquat. Together these data indicate that MPP+, rotenone, and 6‐OHDA dramatically shift bioenergetic function away from the mitochondria and towards glycolysis in N27 cells.
Aging of the dopaminergic system and motor behavior in mice intoxicated with the parkinsonian toxin 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine
Authors: Schumm Sophie , Sebban Claude , Cohen‐Salmon Charles , Callebert Jacques , Launay Jean‐Marie , Golmard Jean‐Louis , Boussicault Lydie , Petropoulos Isabelle , Hild Audrey , Rousselet Estelle , Prigent Annick , Friguet Bertrand , Mariani Jean , Hirsch Etienne C. 
Published: June 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 122, 1032–1046.Abstract1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) intoxication of mice is a standard model of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, it does not reproduce functionally PD. Given the occurrence of PD during aging, symptoms might only be detected in MPTP‐intoxicated mice after aging. To address this, mice injected with MPTP at 2.5 months were followed up to a maximum age of 21 months. There was no loss of dopamine cells with aging in control mice; moreover, the initial post‐MPTP intoxication decrease in dopamine cell was no longer significant at 21 months. With aging, striatal dopamine level remained constant, but concentrations of the dopamine metabolites dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) were markedly reduced in both groups. There was also a late impairment of fine motor skills. After MPTP intoxication, hyperactivity was immediately detected and it became greater than in control mice from 14 months of age; fine motor skills were also more impaired; both these symptoms were correlated with striatal dopamine, DOPAC and HVA concentrations. In bothgroups, neither motor symptoms nor dopamine changes worsened with age. These findings do not support the notion that PD develops with age in mice after MPTP intoxication and that the motor deficits seen are because of an aging process.
RESEARCH ETHICS CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA: EXPLORING A MODEL FOR INDIVIDUAL SUCCESS
Authors: ALI JOSEPH , HYDER ADNAN A. , KASS NANCY E. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThe Johns Hopkins‐Fogarty African Bioethics Training Program (FABTP) has offered a fully‐funded, one‐year, non‐degree training opportunity in research ethics to health professionals, ethics committee members, scholars, journalists and scientists from countries across sub‐Saharan Africa. In the first 9 years of operation, 28 trainees from 13 African countries have trained with FABTP. Any capacity building investment requires periodic critical evaluation of the impact that training dollars produce. In this paper we describe and evaluate FABTP and the efforts of its trainees.Our data show that since 2001, the 28 former FABTP trainees have authored or co‐authored 105 new bioethics‐related publications; were awarded 33 bioethics‐related grants; played key roles on 78 bioethics‐related research studies; and participated in 198 bioethics workshops or conferences. Over the past nine years, trainees have collectively taught 48 separate courses related to bioethics and have given 170 presentations on various topics in the field. Many former trainees have pursued and completed doctoral degrees in bioethics; some have become editorial board members for bioethics journals. Female trainees were, on average, less experienced at matriculation and produced fewer post‐training outputs than their male counterparts. More comprehensive studies are needed to determine the relationships between age, sex, previous experience and training program outputs.
Off‐Shoring Clinical Research: Exploitation and the Reciprocity Constraint
Authors: Mitra Agomoni Ganguli 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThe last 20 years have seen a staggering growth in the practice of off‐shoring clinical research to low‐and middle‐income countries (LICs and MICs), a growth that has been matched by the neoliberal policies adopted by host countries towards attracting trials to their shores. A recurring concern in this context is the charge of exploitation, linked to various aspects of off‐shoring. In this paper, I examine Alan Wertheimer's approach and offer an alternative view of understanding exploitation in this context. I will suggest that the justification for the enterprise of research is largely dependent on its integration within a health system from which participants regularly benefit and I argue that an attention to a principle of reciprocity will enable us to better recognize and address exploitation in international research.
N‐Acetylcysteine Use for Amelioration of Aminoglycoside‐Induced Ototoxicity in Dialysis Patients
Authors: Feldman Leonid , Sherman Richard A. , Weissgarten Joshua 
Published: June 2012

AbstractUse of aminoglycoside antibiotics is associated with significant ototoxicity, especially on patients with decreased renal function. The risk of aminoglycoside ototoxicity may approach 60%. Oxidative stress has been suggested as a general mechanism of aminoglycoside ototoxicity and is prevalent in dialysis population. N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) is an effective antioxidant and has been safely used in dialysis patients. New experimental and clinical data, explored in this review, provide a good case to recommend NAC administration to all dialysis patients, receiving aminoglycosides.
Interleukin‐1β and microRNA‐146a in an immature rat model and children with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Omran Ahmed , Peng Jing , Zhang Ciliu , Xiang Qiu‐Lian , Xue Jinfeng , Gan Na , Kong Huimin , Yin Fei 
Published: June 2012

SummaryPurpose:  Increasing evidence indicates that neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamic expression of interleukin (IL)–1β as a proinflammatory cytokine and microRNA (miR)‐146a as a posttranscriptional inflammation‐associated microRNA (miRNA) in the hippocampi of an immature rat model and children with MTLE.Methods:  To study the expression of IL‐1β and miR‐146a, we performed a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and real‐time quantitative PCR on the hippocampi of immature rats at 11 days of age. Expression was monitored in the acute, latent, and chronic stages of disease (2 h and 3 and 8 weeks after induction of lithium‐pilocarpine status epilepticus, respectively), and in control hippocampal tissues corresponding to the same timeframes. Similar expression methods were applied to hippocampi obtained from children with MTLE and normal controls.Key Findings:  The expression of IL‐1β and miR‐146a in both children and immature rats with MTLE differs according to the stage of MTLE development. Both IL‐1β and miR‐146a are significantly up‐regulated, but in opposite ways: IL‐1β expression is highest in the acute stage, when expression of miR‐146a is at its lowest level; miR‐146a expression is highest in the latent stage, when IL‐1β expression is at its lowest level. Both IL‐1β and miR‐146a are up‐regulated in the chronic stage, but not as much as in the other stages.Significance:  Our study is the first to focus on the expression of miR‐146a in the immature rat model of lithium‐pilocarpine MTLE and in children with MTLE. We have detected that the expression of proinflammatory cytokine IL‐1β and posttranscriptional inflammation‐associated miR‐146a is variable depending on the disease stage. Furthermore, both IL‐1β and miR‐146a are up‐regulated in immature rats and children with MTLE. Our findings elucidate the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of MTLE in the immature rat model and children. Therefore, modulation of the IL‐1β–miR‐146a axis may be a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of MTLE.
CASK aberrations in male patients with Ohtahara syndrome and cerebellar hypoplasia
Authors: Saitsu Hirotomo , Kato Mitsuhiro , Osaka Hitoshi , Moriyama Nobuko , Horita Hideki , Nishiyama Kiyomi , Yoneda Yuriko , Kondo Yukiko , Tsurusaki Yoshinori , Doi Hiroshi , Miyake Noriko , Hayasaka Kiyoshi , Matsumoto Naomichi 
Published: June 2012

SummaryPurpose:  Ohtahara syndrome (OS) is one of the most severe and earliest forms of epilepsy. STXBP1 and ARX mutations have been reported in patients with OS. In this study, we aimed to identify new genes involved in OS by copy number analysis and whole exome sequencing.Methods:  Copy number analysis and whole exome sequencing were performed in 34 and 12 patients with OS, respectively. Fluorescence in situ hybridization, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and breakpoint‐specific and reverse‐transcriptase PCR analyses were performed to characterize a deletion. Immunoblotting using lymphoblastoid cells was done to examine expression of CASK protein.Key Findings:  Genomic microarray analysis revealed a 111‐kb deletion involving exon 2 of CASK at Xp11.4 in a male patient. The deletion was inherited from his mother, who was somatic mosaic for the deletion. Sequencing of the mutant transcript expressed in lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from the patient confirmed the deletion of exon 2 in the mutant transcript with a premature stop codon. Whole exome sequencing identified another male patient who was harboring a c.1A>G mutation in CASK, which occurred de novo. Both patients showed severe cerebellar hypoplasia along with other congenital anomalies such as micrognathia, a high arched palate, and finger anomalies. No CASK protein was detected by immunoblotting in lymphoblastoid cells derived from two patients.Significance:  The detected mutations are highly likely to cause the loss of function of the CASK protein in male individuals. CASK mutations have been reported in patients with intellectual disability with microcephaly and pontocerebellar hypoplasia or congenital nystagmus, and those with FG syndrome. Our data expand the clinical spectrum of CASK mutations to include OS with cerebellar hypoplasia and congenital anomalies at the most severe end.
Selective vaginal breech delivery at term – still an option
Authors: TOIVONEN ELLI , PALOMÄKI OUTI , HUHTALA HEINI , UOTILA JUKKA 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjective. To compare the neonatal outcome between planned vaginal or planned cesarean section (CS) breech delivery and planned vaginal vertex delivery at term with singleton fetuses. Design. A cohort study. Setting. Delivery Unit, Tampere University Hospital, Finland, with 5200 annual deliveries. Population. The term breech deliveries over a period of five years (January 2004 to January 2009), a total of 751 breech deliveries, and 257 vertex controls. Methods. The data were collected from the mother's medical records, including a summary of the newborn. In the case of neonatal health problems, the pediatric records were also examined. Main outcome measures. Maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity as defined in the Term Breech Trial. Low Apgar scores or umbilical cord pH as secondary end‐points. Results. There was no neonatal mortality. Severe morbidity was rare in all groups, with no differences between groups. The Apgar scores at one minute were lower in the planned vaginal delivery group compared with the other groups, but there was no difference at the age of five minutes. Significantly more infants in the vaginal delivery group had a cord pH < 7.05. There was one maternal death due to a complicated CS in the planned CS group and none in the other groups. Mothers in the planned CS group suffered significantly more often from massive bleeding and needed transfusions. Conclusions. Vaginal delivery remains an acceptable option for breech delivery in selected cases.
Risk factors for blood transfusion at delivery in Finland
Authors: JAKOBSSON MAIJA , GISSLER MIKA , TAPPER ANNA‐MAIJA 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjective. To examine the prevalence and risk factors for blood transfusion during delivery. Design. Register‐based retrospective cohort study from Finland. Setting. National Medical Birth Register data during 2006–2008. Sample. A total of 171 731 women having singleton deliveries, of whom 3394 (1.98%) received blood transfusion. Methods. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by multivariate logistic regression to adjust for confounders related to maternal background and mode of delivery. Main outcome measures. Blood transfusion rates by risk factors. Results. Blood transfusion rate during labor increased slightly, from 1.83% in 2006 to 2.27% in 2008 (p < 0.001), during the study period. The highest rate, almost 4%, was reported in central hospitals. Advanced maternal age and primiparity predisposed to blood transfusion. A previous cesarean section increased these rates also in subsequent vaginal delivery (2.64%) compared with women who had vaginal deliveries only (0.86%, OR 3.14, 95% CI 2.65–3.72). Induction of labor almost doubled the risk for blood transfusion (adjusted OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.60–1.89). All instrumental vaginal deliveries (adjusted OR 2.46, 95% CI 2.25–2.69) and any cesarean sections (adjusted OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.66–1.96) increased this risk. Delivery of a large‐for‐gestational age newborn increased the blood transfusion risk over twofold. Conclusions. As previous cesarean section includes an increased risk for blood transfusion, even in subsequent deliveries, it is essential to consider the mode of labor carefully. The blood transfusion rate was the highest in central hospitals, suggesting differences in blood transfusion practice.