bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Method of Increasing the Solubility of Hydrocarbons and HFCs in Polyurethanes Raw Materials and the Effects on the Performance and Processing Characteristics of Construction Foams*
Authors: Singh S.N. , Burns S.B. , Costa J.S. , Bonapersona V. 
Published: June 2024

Liquid hydrocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are the leading zero ozone depletion potential (ODP) blowing agents being considered for rigid polyurethane foam insulation used in the construction industry. Different isomers of pentane, namely normal-, iso- and cyclopentane, are the major hydrocarbons under consideration. The leading HFCs being evaluated are HFC-245fa (CF3-CH0-CF9H) and HFC-365mfc (CF3-CH2-CF2-CH3). The solubility of such blowing agents in many of the typical polyols and isocyanates used by the construction industry is limited. Additives have been used to improve the solubility of blowing agents in the past. For example, ethoxylated nonylphenol was added to many polyols in order to enhance CFC-11 (CCI3F) compatibility. A great many additives are being proposed today for use with hydrocarbons and HFCs. This study examines the fundamental properties of various hydrohalocarbon and hydrocarbon blowing agents, and their relationship to solubility in polyurethane raw materials. The solubility of the various pentane isomers in many polyols and isocyanates used to produce insulation boardstock in a continuous lamination process is evaluated. The potential of many isocyanate modifications and polyol additives to improve blowing agent solubility is explored. The effects of blowing agent solubility on the processing characteristics of foam properties are also examined. The data is used to examine the conventional theory regarding soluble systems - are such systems always necessary to get good processing? Many non-reactive or monofunctional additives that improve solubility are found to affect the structural, thermal or flammability performance of resulting foams. This paper presents data on potential methods to obtain robust processing and good perfonnance with the zero ODP blowing agents being considered by the rigid foam industry.
Effcct of Amine Additives on Flexible, Molded Foam Properties
Authors: Zhang X.D. , Bertsch L.M. , Macosko C.W. , Turner R.B. , House D.W. , Scott R.V. 
Published: June 2024

It is known that MbOCA [4,4'-methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline)] can improve the modulus of molded foams significantly. Due to a suspected health problem, it is not used in foam production in North America. Evaluation of amine additives with structures similar to MbOCA should provide information on how amine additives change the foam matrix morphology and its mechanical properties. These data could also guide the future design of new amine additives for a MbOCA replacement. Four additives, MbOCA, DEOA [diethanolamine], Unilink™ 4200 [N,N’-dialkylamino-diphenylmethane] and Unilink™ 4100 [N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine] were evaluated in a standard TDI molded foam formulation. A molded foam without any additive was also tested as a reference. In-situ FTIR and modulus development during foaming were used to study the reaction kinetics of the foams. The cured foam matrix morphology was evaluated using IR, SAXS, DMS as well as extraction tests. Compression sets at 75% deflection were measured for all foams. The data show that amine reactivity plays an important role in foam matrix morphology and final properties. If the amine additive reacts too fast, the urea phase separation will occur very early. This will hinder the gelling reaction and the urea phase will be ineffective in improving hard segment packing. This will lead to a poorer compression set and foam matrix modulus, as in the case of Unilink™ 4100. When its reactivity is lower, the amine additive can get incorporated into the hard segment effectively and increase both hard segment packing and content without significantly affecting the gelling reaction. This will lead to a much improved compression set and higher modulus. This is the case for both Unilink™ 4200 and MbOCA. DEOA can be incorporated into the system, but tends to disrupt hard segment packing and results in foam with much lower hardness.
The Effect of Additives on Microceliular PVC Foams: Part II. Tensile Behaviour
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Wellsr John E. , and Michelle Ma , Montecillo Romano , Kwapisz Robert R. 
Published: June 2024

The effect of additives commonly used in PVC processing on the tensile behaviour of microceliular PVC was explored. Microceliular foams were produced from three different PVC formulations - one with a full range of additives, and two others with a minimum of additives. All formulations contained a basic level of internal lubricants required for extrusion. The results show no significant differences in the tensile properties between formulations. It is concluded that the presence of additives has no detrimental effect on the tensile behaviour of microceliular PVC foams.
Labhairt na Gaeilge agus muintearas in Éirinn, i measc Gaeilgeoirí a bhfuil eitneachas agus náisiúntachtaí éagsúla acu
Authors: Watson Iarfhlaith , Posocco Lorenzo 
Published: June 2024

Réamhfhocal Sa staidéar píolótach seo rinneamar iniúchadh ar an gceangal atá ann idir labhairt na Gaeilge agus muintearas, ag díriú go sonrach ar chainteoirí Gaeilge ó chúlraí eitneacha agus/nó náisiúnta éagsúla i bPoblacht na hÉireann. Ghlac daoine, a raibh náisiúntachtaí agus eitneachtaí éagsúla acu, rannpáirt sa staidéar. Trí thaighde cáilíochtúil (ag amharc trí lionsa an náisiúnachais) rinneamar imscrúdú ar an gceist an dtugann labhairt na Gaeilge le mothú do dhaoine gur Éireannaigh iad. Ag an am céanna rinneamar scrúdú ar an eispéireas a bhí acu le daoine a bhí ag iarraidh iad a dhúnadh amach. Taispeánann ár dtorthaí an ról cumasaithe atá ag an nGaeilge do dhaoine ó chúlraí éagsúla, ag cuidiú leo imeascadh sa tsochaí, ag cuidiú leo cur i gcoinne an choimhthithe nó an chiníochais, agus i gcoinne daoine a cheistíonn cén fáth a bhfuil siad in Éirinn. Mar sin féin, d’fhéadfadh teannas a bheith ann idir Éireannaigh bhána agus iad siúd ó chúlraí éagsúla atá ina gcainteoirí Gaeilge, rud a thógann ceisteanna tábhachtacha maidir le coimhlintí agus toradh na gcoimhlintí sin. Tugann an staidéar seo bunléargais ar chúrsaí agus leagann sé béim ar an ngá atá le tuilleadh imscrúdaithe a dhéanamh sa réimse seo.
Integrative Functions of the Hypothalamus: Linking Cognition, Emotion and Physiology for Well-being and Adaptability
Authors: Goel Mansi , Mittal Aayushi , Jain Vijaya Raje , Bharadwaj Akshay , Modi Shivani , Ahuja Gaurav , Jain Ankur , Kumar Kaushal 
Published: June 2024

Background The hypothalamus, a small yet crucial neuroanatomical structure, integrates external (e.g., environmental) and internal (e.g., physiological/hormonal) stimuli. This integration governs various physiological processes and influences cognitive, emotional, and behavioral outcomes. It serves as a functional bridge between the nervous and endocrine systems, maintaining homeostasis and coordinating bodily functions. Summary Recent advancements in the neurobiology of the hypothalamus have elucidated its functional map, establishing a causal relationship between its responses—such as respiration, sleep, and stress—and various physiological processes. The hypothalamus facilitates and coordinates these complex processes by processing diverse stimuli, enabling the body to maintain internal balance and respond effectively to external demands. This review delves into the hypothalamus’s intricate connections with cognition, emotion, and physiology, exploring how these interactions promote overall well-being and adaptability. Key Message Targeted external stimuli can modulate hypothalamic neuronal activities, impacting the physiological, cognitive, and emotional landscape. The review highlights non-invasive techniques, such as controlled breathing exercises, optimized sleep architecture, and stress management, as potential methods to enhance hypothalamic function. Ultimately, this comprehensive review underscores the multifaceted role of the hypothalamus in integrating signals, maintaining homeostasis, and influencing cognition, emotion, and physiology.
Testing a Brief Quitline Intervention for Tobacco Cannabis Co-Users: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Carpenter Kelly M. , Walker Denise D. , Mullis Kristina , Berlin Helena M. , Short Etta , Javitz Harold S. , Carlini Beatriz H. 
Published: June 2024

Background: Tobacco cannabis co-use is common and becoming more prevalent. Frequent and heavy users of cannabis may struggle to quit smoking. Quitlines offer free cessation treatment in the United States and 25% of quitline callers may also be cannabis users. The present paper describes a randomized pilot study of a tailored intervention for cannabis and cigarette co-users. The intervention combines the quitline smoking cessation treatment with a motivational enhancement therapy-based cannabis intervention. Methods: The randomized pilot study was conducted within four state-funded quitlines with quitline coaches as interventionists. 102 quitline callers who were cannabis and cigarette co-users were randomized to receive treatment as usual (TAU) or the new Quitline Check-Up (QLCU) intervention. Outcomes were collected 90 days post-randomization. Primary outcomes included feasibility and acceptability of delivering the QLCU in the quitline setting. Secondary outcomes included 7-day point prevalence tobacco abstinence, past 30-day cannabis use, and Cannabis Use Disorder Identification Test scores. Results: Study participants were heavy cannabis users, averaging 25 days of use in the past 30; nearly 70% used at a level considered hazardous. Fidelity ratings indicated coaches were successful at delivering the intervention. Treatment engagement was high for both groups (TAU m = 3.4 calls; QLCU m = 3.6 calls) as was treatment satisfaction. Intent-to-treat quit rates (with survey non-responders classified as smokers) were 28.6% for the TAU control group and 24.5% for the QLCU group ( P = .45). Discussion: Hazardous cannabis use rates were high in this sample of tobacco cannabis co-users calling quitlines to quit smoking. The intervention for co-users was acceptable and feasible to deliver. No improvements in tobacco cessation outcomes were observed. Pragmatic intervention development within a real-world clinical setting can streamline the intervention development process. More research is needed on tobacco cannabis co-users and who can benefit from a tailored intervention. Registered: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04737772, February 4, 2021.
Autistic adults in China and the Netherlands: Proxy-reported community integration and life satisfaction
Authors: Liu Fangyuan , Begeer Sander , Hoekstra Rosa A , Wang Chongying , Scheeren Anke M 
Published: June 2024

Despite an estimated population of 10 million autistic individuals, there is still a significant lack of research on autistic adults in China. This study aimed to investigate the extent and factors influencing community integration (employment, independent living and friendship) and life satisfaction among young autistic adults in China, and compare them with an autistic adult sample with similar characteristics (58%–63% with a reported IQ below 70) from the Netherlands. Data were collected via online surveys to the caregivers of 99 young autistic adults (18–30 years) in China and 109 in the Netherlands, because the autistic adults were not able to fill in the survey independently. Autistic adults in both countries were reported to have limited community integration, as indicated by low rates of employment, limited independent living and few close friendships. Proxy-reported life satisfaction of autistic adults seemed relatively low in both countries, but even lower in Chinese adults, possibly due to limited awareness and acceptance of autism in China, inadequate or inaccessible support services, higher parenting stress, or general cross-country differences in well-being. In general, the findings indicate a common challenge faced by autistic adults with high support needs in both China and the Netherlands. Lay abstract Even though there are about 10 million Chinese autistic individuals, we know little about autistic adults in China. This study examined how well young autistic adults in China integrate into their communities (such as having a job, living independently and having friends) and how satisfied they are with their lives as reported by their caregivers. We compared them to autistic adults with similar characteristics (such as high support needs) from the Netherlands. We included 99 autistic adults in China and 109 in the Netherlands (18–30 years). In both countries, autistic adults were reported to have a hard time fitting into their communities. They often had no work, did not live on their own and had few close friends. Also, in both countries, caregivers reported that autistic adults felt low satisfaction with their life. Chinese adults were less satisfied with their life than Dutch adults, as indicated by their caregivers. This could be because of a lack of support for autistic adults in China, higher parental stress in Chinese caregivers, or general cross-country differences in happiness. Only in the Dutch group, younger compared with older adults fitted better into their communities, and adults without additional psychiatric conditions were reported to have higher life satisfaction. Country was a significant predictor of independent living only, with Dutch participants more likely living in care facilities than Chinese participants. In conclusion, our study shows that autistic adults with high support needs generally face similar challenges in both China and the Netherlands.
Assessment of the Anticancer, Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Activities of the Peganum harmala L. Plant
Authors: Khalid Mahmoud , Al-Rimawi Fuad , Darwish Sama , Salah Zaidoun , Alnasser Sulaiman Mohammed , Wedian Fadel , Ayoub Rami , Al-Saharin Raed , Ayyal Salman Haya , Al-Mazaideh Ghassab M. 
Published: June 2024

Introduction Synthetic chemical drug treatments have drawbacks including adverse effects and toxicity. Natural alternatives are sought after. Chemotherapy can be toxic. Medicinal plants offer a suggested alternative. This study examines P. harmala plant extracts for phenolic and flavonoid content, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Methods Two samples of P. harmala plant extract were prepared using ultrasonication, with ethanol concentrations of 100% and 50%. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined using a chemical assay method. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was evaluated against gram-positive bacteria ( Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus) and gram-negative bacteria ( Escherichia coli) using the diffusion procedure. The antioxidant impact of the extracts was assessed using the DPPH procedure. P. harmala extracts showed inhibitory effects on MCF7 breast cancer and HT29 colon cancer cell lines. Results The results of the study indicated that the P. harmala plant extracts were rich in phenolic compounds (with total phenolic content of 215.8 ± 3.5 and 155.8 ± 2.9 mg gallic acid per g extract for 50% and 100% ethanol extracts, respectively) and flavonoids (with total flavonoids content of 112.1 ± 3.1 and 92.3 ± 1.8 mg catechin per g extract) and had a high rate of antioxidant activity. The 50% ethanol extract yielded 411.8 ± 3.5 μmol trolox/g, while the 100% ethanol extract yielded 312.9 ± 8.2 μmol trolox per g extract. P. harmala extracts exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, and Streptococcus. They also demonstrated strong anticancer activity, causing significant cell death in breast and colon cancer cell lines within 48 h of culturing. Conclusion P. harmala ethanolic extracts are rich in polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids, displaying high antioxidant activity. They also exhibit strong inhibitory effects against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and demonstrate potent anticancer activity against breast and colon cancer cell lines.
Qualitative user experience evaluation of the MS trust's online treatment decision aid tool's accommodation of planning pregnancy
Authors: Almouzain Lubna , Hamilton Fiona L. , Chard Declan , Stevenson Fiona 
Published: June 2024

Background Decision-making about treatment when planning a pregnancy (family planning) is complex for women living with multiple sclerosis (MS). Decision tools can help this process, in 2016 MS Trust launched their online digital treatment decision tool to support people with MS. Objectives To evaluate user-experience of this tool by exploring women's opinions about its content, interface, and usefulness in the context of family planning; and to synthesize recommendations to improve the tool. Methods Thirty participants qualitatively evaluated the tool using Think Aloud methodology. Sessions were conducted online using Microsoft Teams and were video recorded. Transcription was automated and data were thematically analyzed. Results Women's first impression was that the tool presented a lot of information at once, which was difficult to take in, and they found it difficult to navigate. Although the tool was helpful in allowing them to compare treatment options, the filters were confusing, and the information related to pregnancy sometimes contradicted advice from their healthcare practitioners. They suggested rewording the pregnancy recommendations and filters, updating some content, and making some changes to the interface to meet users’ cognitive needs. Conclusion The MS Trust treatment decision tool is excellent in helping women with treatment choices at initial diagnosis. However, it is not currently as useful when considering family plans. Recommendations were conveyed to MS Trust where some are now applied to the new live version and the rest are to be considered for future updating projects.
Glenoid Concavity Affects Anterior Shoulder Stability in an Active-Assisted Biomechanical Model
Authors: Oenning Sebastian , Wermers Jens , Taenzler Stefanie , Michel Philipp A. , Raschke Michael J. , Christoph Katthagen J. 
Published: June 2024

Background: The treatment of bony glenoid defects after anteroinferior shoulder dislocation currently depends on the amount of glenoid bone loss (GBL). Recent studies have described the glenoid concavity as an essential factor for glenohumeral stability. The role of glenoid concavity in the presence of soft tissue and muscle forces is still unknown. Hypothesis: Glenoid concavity would have a major impact on glenohumeral stability in an active-assisted biomechanical model including soft tissue and the rotator cuff's compression forces. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: In 8 human shoulder specimens, individual coordinate systems were calculated based on anatomic landmarks. The glenoid concavity was measured biomechanically and based on computed tomography. Static load was applied to the rotator cuff tendons and the deltoid muscle. In a robotic test setup, anteriorly directed force was applied to the humeral head until translation of 5 mm (Nant) was achieved. Nant was used as a parameter indicating shoulder stability. This was performed in the following testing stages: (1) intact joint, (2) labral lesion, (3) 10% GBL, and (4) 20% GBL. The 8 specimens were divided equally into 2 subgroups (low concavity [LC] versus high concavity [HC]), with 4 specimens each, according to the previously measured concavity. Results: Anterior glenohumeral stability was highly correlated with the native glenoid concavity ( R2 = 0.8). In the testing stages 1 to 3, we found a significantly higher mean stability in the HC subgroup compared with the LC subgroup ( P≤ .0142). The HC subgroup still showed higher absolute Nant values with 20% GBL; however, there was no significant difference from the LC subgroup. The loss of stability in 20% GBL was correlated with the initial concavity ( R2 = 0.86). Thus, a higher loss of Nant in the HC subgroup was observed ( P = .0049). Conclusion: In an active-assisted model with intact soft tissue surrounding and muscular compression forces, the glenoid concavity correlates with shoulder stability. In bony defects, loss of concavity is an essential factor causing instability. Due to their significantly higher native stability, glenoids with HC can tolerate a higher amount of GBL. Clinical Relevance: Glenoid concavity should be considered in an individualized treatment of bony glenoid defects. Further studies are required to establish reference values and develop therapeutic algorithms.
How I diagnose and treat organizing pneumonia in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients
Authors: Lai Yu Kuang , Sharifi Husham , Hsu Joe L. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Organizing pneumonia (OP) is a known noninfectious pulmonary complication following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) and represents a significant risk factor for nonrelapse mortality in HCT recipients. Unlike bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, it is not universally acknowledged as a distinctive pulmonary manifestation of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) and, therefore, its diagnostic criteria and management approach are lacking. Given its shared similar clinical features and radiological and histologic findings to OP in the non-HCT population, the diagnostic approach and treatment strategy for OP in HCT recipients is largely adapted from the non-HCT population. In this article, we aim to enhance the understanding of OP within the context of cGVHD following HCT and distinguish its clinical features and treatment strategy from non-HCT counterparts, thereby reinforcing its recognition as a pulmonary manifestation of graft-versus-host disease. We will propose the diagnostic criteria and outline our approach in diagnosis and treatment strategy, highlighting the potential challenges that may arise in each process. Finally, we will discuss knowledge gaps in this field and identify the area of need for future research.
Downregulation of HNRNPA1 induced neoantigen generation via regulating alternative splicing
Authors: Sun Yaoqi , Xiong Bing , Shuai Xueqian , Li Jiale , Wang Chunyan , Guo Jing , Cheng Zhongping , Liu Shupeng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Immunotherapies effectively treat human malignancies, but the low response and resistance are major obstacles. Neoantigen is an emerging target for tumor immunotherapy that can enhance anti-tumor immunity and improve immunotherapy. Aberrant alternative splicing is an important source of neoantigens. HNRNPA1, an RNA splicing factor, was found to be upregulated in the majority of tumors and play an important role in the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment.

Methods
Whole transcriptome sequencing was performed on shHNRNPA1 SKOV3 cells and transcriptomic data of shHNRNPA1 HepG2, MCF-7M, K562, and B-LL cells were downloaded from the GEO database. Enrichment analysis was performed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the activation of anti-tumor immunity induced by HNRNPA1 knockdown. mRNA alternative splicing was analyzed and neoantigens were predicted by JCAST v.0.3.5 and Immune epitope database. The immunogenicity of candidate neoantigens was calculated by Class I pMHC Immunogenicity and validated by the IFN-γ ELISpot assay. The effect of shHNRNPA1 on tumor growth and immune cells in vivo was evaluated by xenograft model combined with immunohistochemistry.

Results
HNRNPA1 was upregulated in a majority of malignancies and correlated with immunosuppressive status of the tumor immune microenvironment. Downregulation of HNRNPA1 could induce the activation of immune-related pathways and biological processes. Disruption of HNRNPA1 resulted in aberrant alternative splicing events and generation of immunogenic neoantigens. Downregulation of HNRNPA1 inhibited tumor growth and increased CD8+ T cell infiltration in vivo.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrated that targeting HNRNPA1 could produce immunogenic neoantigens that elicit anti-tumor immunity by inducing abnormal mRNA splicing. It suggests that HNRNPA1 may be a potential target for immunotherapy.