bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SDG714 Regulates Specific Gene Expression and Consequently Affects Plant Growth via H3K9 Dimethylation
Authors: Ding Bo , Zhu Yan , Bu Zhong‐Yuan , Shen Wen‐Hui , Yu Yu , Dong Ai‐Wu 
Published: March 2010

Abstract Histone lysine methylation is known to be involved in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression in all eukaryotes including plants. Here we show that the rice SDG714 is primarily responsible for dimethylation but not trimethylation on histone H3K9 in vivo. Overexpression of YFP‐SDG714 in Arabidopsis significantly inhibits plant growth and this inhibition is associated with an enhanced level of H3K9 dimethylation. Our microarray results show that many genes essential for the plant growth and development were downregulated in transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing YFP‐SDG714. By chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis, we show that YFP‐SDG714 is targeted to specific chromatin regions and dimethylate the H3K9, which is linked with heterochromatinization and the downregulation of genes. Most interestingly, when YFP‐SDG714 production is stopped, the inhibited plants can partially restore their growth, suggesting that the perturbation of gene expression caused by YFP‐SDG714 is revertible. Taken together, our results point to an important role of SDG714 in H3K9 dimethylation, suppression of gene expression and plant growth, and provide a potential method to regulate gene expression and plant development by an on‐off switch of SDG714 expression.
Fast infrared variability from a relativistic jet in GX 339-4
Authors: Casella P. , Maccarone T. J. , O'Brien K. , Fender R. P. , Russell D. M. , Van Der Klis M. , Pe'er A. , Maitra D. , Altamirano D. , Belloni T. , Kanbach G. , Klein-Wolt M. , Mason E. , Soleri P. , Stefanescu A. , Wiersema K. , Wijnands R. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
We present the discovery of fast infrared/X-ray correlated variability in the black hole transient GX 339−4. The source was observed with subsecond time resolution simultaneously with Very Large Telescope/Infrared Spectrometer And Array Camera and Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer/Proportional Counter Array in 2008 August, during its persistent low-flux highly variable hard state. The data show a strong correlated variability, with the infrared emission lagging the X-ray emission by 100ms. The short time delay and the nearly symmetric cross-correlation function, together with the measured brightness temperature of ∼2.5 × 106K, indicate that the bright and highly variable infrared emission most likely comes from a jet near the black hole. Under standard assumptions about jet physics, the measured time delay can provide us a lower limit of Γ &gt; 2 for the Lorentz factor of the jet. This suggests that jets from stellar-mass black holes are at least mildly relativistic near their launching region. We discuss implications for future applications of this technique.
A SIMPLE ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS FOR THRESHOLD DATA DETERMINED BY ASCENDING FORCED‐CHOICE METHODS OF LIMITS
Authors: LAWLESS HARRY T. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT An alternative analysis of forced‐choice threshold data sets such as the type generated by ASTM method E‐679 involves a simple interpolation of chance‐corrected 50% detection. This analysis has several potential advantages. The analysis does not require the ad hoc heuristics for estimating individual thresholds above and below the series. It takes into account the possibility of guessing correctly, which is not considered in the ASTM calculations and produces a downward bias to the estimates. It does not discount correct responses early in the series which may be legitimate detections, but which are discounted by the ASTM method if followed by any incorrect response. Comparisons of the two methods in a large consumer study of odor detection threshold study data set gave comparable values. The interpolation can also be done to determine other levels of detection (e.g. 10, 25%). These values other than 50% can be potentially useful in setting regulatory standards for water or air pollution limits or to food manufacturers who wish to avoid detection of taints by more sensitive individuals. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe forced choice methods for threshold estimation have proven practically useful in comparing the potency of various flavor materials and in comparing the sensitivities of individuals. The ASTM method E‐679 is one such method. The alternative analysis of results from this procedure which is outlined here provides additional information and does not exhibit the downward bias because of correct guessing.
THE ROLES OF FAT AND PH ON THE DETECTION THRESHOLDS AND PARTITION COEFFICIENTS OF THREE COMPOUNDS: DIACETYL, δ‐DECALACTONE AND FURANEOL
Authors: LEKSRISOMPONG PATTARIN , BARBANO DAVID M. , FOEGEDING ALLEN E. , GERARD PATRICK , DRAKE MARYANNE 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT The effect of fat and pH on the best estimate threshold (BET) of three prominent dairy product flavor compounds with varying physicochemical properties: diacetyl (2, 3‐butanedione), δ‐decalactone and furaneol (2,5‐dimethyl‐4‐hydroxy‐3[2H]‐furanone), in water, oil and oil‐in‐water model emulsions (at 10 and 20% fat at neutral and acidified pH 5.5) were investigated. The headspace‐matrix partition coefficients (KHS/matrix) of each compound in the different matrixes were established using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The particle size of the emulsions was controlled. Fat had the largest impact on the BET and partition coefficients of δ‐decalactone followed by diacetyl (P ≤ 0.05). Fat content did not affect the BET value of furaneol (P > 0.05) but some effects on partition coefficients were noted (P ≤ 0.05). BET values of the three compounds were unaffected by pH (P > 0.05), but differences in partition coefficients (P ≤ 0.05) were noted for diacetyl and furaneol.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis manuscript provides a better understanding of sensory detection thresholds as a result of partitioning of three flavor compounds that are different in physico‐chemical properties and are prominent in dairy product flavor. The acquired knowledge on these compounds may assist product developers in adjusting levels of flavor compounds in reduced fat products to achieve products similar in flavor properties to full fat products, considering the effect of fat and pH of the products on the compounds. Understanding the partition coefficients and detection threshold of one of the compounds studied, diacetyl, may also provide insights in ongoing debates on diacetyl and its safety levels in dairy products.
PERCEPTUAL MAPPING OF APPLES AND CHEESES USING PROJECTIVE MAPPING AND SORTING
Authors: NESTRUD MICHAEL A. , LAWLESS HARRY T. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT Projective mapping, also called napping, was introduced to the chemosensory community as a multidimensional data‐collection method in which panelists place products directly into a two‐dimensional space based on their perceived similarity. Sorting is a form of nominal level measurement in that a pair of products is either placed in the same category or not for each subject. Analysis of projective mapping data is typically performed with multiple factor analysis, and sorting is typically performed with multidimensional scaling (MDS). This study took an exploratory empirical look at apple and cheese product systems separately in a direct comparison of sorting (analyzed by MDS) with projective mapping (analyzed with MFA). Product maps were similar for both the sorting and projective mapping procedures. Subjects had more difficulty with the apples than the cheeses. Cluster analysis was easier to interpret for the napping configurations. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSSorting has already gained wide use in such areas of applied sensory science as competitive evaluation, flavor exploration and category appraisals, among others. Projective mapping, also known as the napping method, was introduced relatively recently to the sensory community and has already gained much interest. It may have certain advantages or disadvantages of sorting and, at least in theory, can be applied in the same situations. This paper provides a comparison of projective mapping and sorting, and illustrates some of the differences and advantages/disadvantages of each method. It provides examples of the types of data analysis that can be used for each method. Based on this study, we conclude that projective mapping may have advantages over sorting where the product space contains relatively similar products, such as different apples or cheddar cheeses. Cluster analysis enriches the projective mapping interpretation by helping differentiate product groupings.
ACCEPTABILITY OF YOGURT AND YOGURT‐LIKE PRODUCTS: INFLUENCE OF PRODUCT INFORMATION AND CONSUMER CHARACTERISTICS AND PREFERENCES
Authors: BAYARRI SARA , CARBONELL INMACULADA , BARRIOS EDITH X. , COSTELL ELVIRA 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT This work aims to investigate whether the information about product type and the nutritional label affects consumer acceptability of yogurt and fermented milk. Hedonic evaluations of seven commercial samples, three yogurts and four fermented milks were elicited from 120 consumers under blind tasting conditions, looking at a card with the product type and with the label nutritional facts and finally, tasting labeled products. For the whole group of consumers, nutritional information did not affect the acceptability of these products although analysis of individual consumer behavior showed that only for around 50% of consumers surveyed, this result reflects on their actual response. When data for subgroups of consumers of different gender or age or with different preference pattern were considered, differences in the influence of nutritional information on samples acceptability were detected. These results confirm that the data averaged from the consumer whole population cannot accurately reflect the real behavior of the population surveyed. More complete and valid information can be gained from analyzing the responses of the consumer subgroups of different characteristics or with different individual preferences. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSCurrently, there are a lot of new dairy products with different sensory and nutritional characteristics on the market. Confirmation or disconfirmation of the expectations generated by the nutritional information plays an important role in consumers' acceptance of these products. The results of this work provide information about the different conclusions that can be drawn when one considers average acceptance data for the whole population of consumers or average data of consumer subgroups (i.e., different gender, age or individual preferences).
OBUSHERA: DESCRIPTIVE SENSORY PROFILING AND CONSUMER ACCEPTABILITY
Authors: MUKISA I.M. , NSIIMIRE D.G. , BYARUHANGA Y.B. , MUYANJA C.M.B.K. , LANGSRUD T. , NARVHUS J.A. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to describe the sensory characteristics of traditionally produced Obushera and their influence on consumer acceptability using focus group discussions, a descriptive panel and a consumer acceptability panel. Four types of Obushera of commercial importance including: Obutoko and Enturire (sorghum based) plus Obuteire and Ekitiribita (millet‐based) were identified. Descriptive profiles of the four types showed that they are sensorially distinct products. Preliminary studies indicated that their acceptability was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by producer and duration of fermentation. Some of the factors that influence the sensory quality of Obushera include: cereal variety, quantity of ash used during malting, length of drying period of the sprouted grain and back slopping. Obushera is a range of sensorially distinct products varying in taste, aroma and texture. These products may appeal to different consumer tastes and market segments. Variation in sensory attributes is due to the different raw materials used, stage of fermentation and to the effect of different producers among others. Therefore, efforts toward improving the production process, quality and safety of Obushera should be more product‐specific.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSObushera is one of the many popular traditional fermented products whose production has not yet been commercialized. This is partly due to its being a spontaneously fermented product often resulting in inconsistencies in quality. Therefore understanding the sensory characteristics of Obushera and how these relate to its acceptability is crucial in guiding the process of improving the processing of Obushera for commercial production. These results can be used to guide studies involved with selection of starter cultures and quality raw material. This study can also act as a guide to research related to similar products in Africa such as Togwa (Tanzania), Kirario (Kenya), Dolo and Pito (West Africa) among others. A more in depth consumer study involving large numbers of consumers would be necessary to confirm these findings.
Differences in sino‐atrial and atrio‐ventricular function with age and sex attributable to the Scn5a+/− mutation in a murine cardiac model
Authors: Jeevaratnam K. , Zhang Y. , Guzadhur L. , Duehmke R. M. , Lei M. , Grace A. A. , Huang C. L.‐H. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAim:  To investigate the interacting effects of age and sex on electrocardiographic (ECG) features of Scn5a+/− mice modelling Brugada syndrome.Methods:  Recordings were performed on anaesthetized wild‐type (WT) and Scn5a+/− mice and differences attributable to these risk factors statistically stratified.Results:  Scn5a

+/−
exerted sex‐dependent effects upon sino‐atrial function that only became apparent with age. RR intervals were greater in old male than in old female Scn5a+/−. Atrio‐ventricular (AV) conduction was slower in young female mice, whether WT and Scn5a+/−, than the corresponding young male WT and Scn5a+/−. However, PR intervals lengthened with age in male but not in female Scn5a+/− giving the greatest PR intervals in old male Scn5a+/− compared with either old male WT or young male Scn5a+/− mice. In contrast, PR intervals were similar in old female Scn5a+/− and in old female WT. QTc was prolonged in Scn5a+/− compared with WT, and female Scn5a+/− compared with female WT. Age‐dependent alterations in durations of ventricular repolarization relative to WT affected male but not female Scn5a+/−. Thus, T‐wave durations were greater in old male Scn5a+/− compared with old male WT, but indistinguishable between old female Scn5a+/− and old female WT. Finally, analysis for combined interactions of genotype, age and sex demonstrated no effects on P wave and QRS durations and QTc intervals.Conclusion:  We demonstrate for the first time that age, sex and genotype exert both independent and interacting ECG effects. The latter suggest alterations in cardiac pacemaker function, atrio‐ventricular conduction and ventricular repolarization greatest in ageing male Scn5a+/−.
Zebrafish as a model for long QT syndrome: the evidence and the means of manipulating zebrafish gene expression
Authors: Leong I. U. S. , Skinner J. R. , Shelling A. N. , Love D. R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCongenital long QT syndrome (LQT) is a group of cardiac disorders associated with the dysfunction of cardiac ion channels. It is characterized by prolongation of the QT‐interval, episodes of syncope and even sudden death. Individuals may remain asymptomatic for most of their lives while others present with severe symptoms. This heterogeneity in phenotype makes diagnosis difficult with a greater emphasis on more targeted therapy. As a means of understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying LQT syndrome, evaluating the effect of modifier genes on disease severity as well as to test new therapies, the development of model systems remains an important research tool. Mice have predominantly been the animal model of choice for cardiac arrhythmia research, but there have been varying degrees of success in recapitulating the human symptoms; the mouse cardiac action potential (AP) and surface electrocardiograms exhibit major differences from those of the human heart. Against this background, the zebrafish is an emerging vertebrate disease modelling species that offers advantages in analysing LQT syndrome, not least because its cardiac AP much more closely resembles that of the human. This article highlights the use and potential of this species in LQT syndrome modelling, and as a platform for the in vivo assessment of putative disease‐causing mutations in LQT genes, and of therapeutic interventions.
Serologic survey of swine workers for exposure to H2N3 swine influenza A
Authors: Beaudoin Amanda , Gramer Marie , Gray Gregory C. , Capuano Ana , Setterquist Sharon , Bender Jeff 
Published: March 2010

Please cite this paper as:Beaudoinet al.(2010) Serologic survey of swine workers for exposure to H2N3 swine influenza A. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 4(3), 163–170.Background Of the 16 influenza A hemagglutinin (H) subtypes, only H1, H2 and H3 viruses have been shown to cause sustained human infection. Whereas H1 and H3 viruses currently circulate seasonally in humans, H2 viruses have not been identified in humans since 1968. In 2006, an H2N3 influenza virus was isolated from ill swine in the United States.Objective To assess the potential for zoonotic influenza transmission, the current study looked for serologic evidence of H2 influenza infection among workers at two swine facilities, some exposed and some unexposed to H2N3‐positive pigs.Methods The sera were assessed for antibodies to swine H2 influenza and currently circulating seasonal human influenza A subtypes H1N1 and H3N2. Workers were interviewed to obtain details such as age, influenza vaccination history, experiences of influenza‐like‐illness, and use of personal protective equipment and hygiene when working with pigs. Exposure and risk factors for positive antibody titers were compared for exposed and unexposed individuals as well as for H2 antibody‐positive and H2 antibody‐negative individuals.Results Blood was taken from 27 swine workers, of whom four had positive H2 antibody titers (≥1:40). Three of the positive employees were born before 1968 and one had an unknown birth date. Only one of these workers had been exposed to H2N3‐positive pigs, and he was born in 1949.Conclusions These data do not support the hypothesis that swine workers were infected with the emergent swine H2N3 influenza A virus.
The receptor preference of influenza viruses
Authors: Meng Bo , Marriott Anthony C. , Dimmock Nigel J. 
Published: March 2010

Please cite this paper as: Meng et al. (2010) The receptor preference of influenza viruses. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 4(3), 147–153.Objectives  The cell surface receptor used by an influenza virus to infect that cell is an N‐acetyl neuraminic acid (NANA) residue terminally linked by an alpha2,3 or alpha2,6 bond to a carbohydrate moiety of a glycoprotein or glycolipid. Our aim was to determine a quick and technically simple method to determine cell receptor usage by whole influenza A virus particles.Methods  We employed surface plasmon resonance to detect the binding of viruses to fetuin, a naturally occurring glycoprotein that has both alpha2,3‐ and alpha2,6‐linked NANA, and free 3′‐sialyllactose or 6′‐sialyllactose to compete virus binding. All virus stocks were produced in embryonated chicken’s eggs.Results  The influenza viruses tested bound preferentially to NANAalpha2,3Gal or to NANAalpha2,6Gal, or showed no preference. Two PR8 viruses had different binding preferences. Binding preferences of viruses correlated well with their known biological properties.Conclusions  Our data suggest that it is not easy to predict receptor usage by influenza viruses. However, direct experimental determination as described here can inform experiments concerned with viral pathogenesis, biology and structure. In principle, the methodology can be used for any virus that binds to a terminal NANA residue.
Intratumoral Patterns of Genomic Imbalance in Glioblastomas
Authors: Nobusawa Sumihito , Lachuer Joel , Wierinckx Anne , Kim Young Ho , Huang Jian , Legras Catherine , Kleihues Paul , Ohgaki Hiroko 
Published: March 2010

AbstractGlioblastomas are morphologically and genetically heterogeneous, but little is known about the regional patterns of genomic imbalance within glioblastomas. We recently established a reliable whole genome amplification (WGA) method to randomly amplify DNA from paraffin‐embedded histological sections with minimum amplification bias [Huang et al (J Mol Diagn 11: 109–116, 2009)]. In this study, chromosomal imbalance was assessed by array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH; Agilent 105K, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA), using WGA‐DNA from two to five separate tumor areas of 14 primary glioblastomas (total, 41 tumor areas). Chromosomal imbalances significantly differed among glioblastomas; the only alterations that were observed in ≥6 cases were loss of chromosome 10q, gain at 7p and loss of 10p. Genetic alterations common to all areas analyzed within a single tumor included gains at 1q32.1 (PIK3C2B, MDM4), 4q11–q12 (KIT, PDGFRA), 7p12.1–11.2 (EGFR), 12q13.3–12q14.1 (GLI1, CDK4) and 12q15 (MDM2), and loss at 9p21.1–24.3 (p16INK4a/p14ARF), 10p15.3–q26.3 (PTEN, etc.) and 13q12.11–q34 (SPRY2, RB1). These are likely to be causative in the pathogenesis of glioblastomas (driver mutations). In addition, there were numerous tumor area‐specific genomic imbalances, which may be either nonfunctional (passenger mutations) or functional, but constitute secondary events reflecting progressive genomic instability, a hallmark of glioblastomas.
Histological changes to the skin of Merino sheep following deep dermal and subcutaneous injections of sodium lauryl sulfate
Authors: Lee EJ , Rothwell JT 
Published: March 2010

Objectives  To characterise the changes caused to sheep skin by deep dermal and subcutaneous injections of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and describe the subsequent healing process.Procedure  On 6 sheep 20 small areas of skin were each given deep dermal and subcutaneous injections of 0.2 mL of 7% SLS. Biopsies were collected at intervals up to 28 days after treatment and the histological changes in each of the treated skin samples were assessed and graded.Results  There was no evidence of alterations in behaviour, weight gain or appetite of the sheep following the injections. Initial swelling of the treated site subsided by day 14, leaving a firm, slightly raised crust. At day 21, the treated area was depressed and covered by a scab, which sloughed completely by day 28. There was necrosis of the subcutis and deep dermis 2 min after treatment, followed by inflammation, fibroplasia, angiogenesis and tissue remodelling.Conclusion  Injection of SLS caused almost immediate local necrosis followed by eschar formation, sloughing and scarring of treated skin. Deep dermal and subcutaneous SLS is potentially useful as a chemical alternative to mulesing.