bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local Activation of Dendritic Cells Alters the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Disease in the Retina
Authors: Heuss Neal D. , Lehmann Ute , Norbury Christopher C. , McPherson Scott W. , Gregerson Dale S. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractInterest in the identities, properties, functions, and origins of local APC in CNS tissues is growing. We recently reported that dendritic cells (DC) distinct from microglia were present in quiescent retina and rapidly responded to injured neurons. In this study, the disease-promoting and regulatory contributions of these APC in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) were examined. Local delivery of purified, exogenous DC or monocytes from bone marrow substantially increased the incidence and severity of EAU induced by adoptive transfer of activated, autoreactive CD4 or CD8 T cells that was limited to the manipulated eye. In vitro assays of APC activity of DC from quiescent retina showed that they promoted generation of Foxp3+ T cells and inhibited activation of naive T cells by splenic DC and Ag. Conversely, in vitro assays of DC purified from injured retina demonstrated an enhanced ability to activate T cells and reduced induction of Foxp3+ T cells. These findings were supported by the observation that in situ activation of DC before adoptive transfer of β-galactosidase–specific T cells dramatically increased severity and incidence of EAU. Recruitment of T cells into retina by local delivery of Ag in vivo showed that quiescent retina promoted development of parenchymal Foxp3+ T cells, but assays of preinjured retina did not. Together, these results demonstrated that local conditions in the retina determined APC function and affected the pathogenesis of EAU by both CD4 and CD8 T cells.
Difference in Th1 and Th17 Lymphocyte Adhesion to Endothelium
Authors: Alcaide Pilar , Maganto-Garcia Elena , Newton Gail , Travers Richard , Croce Kevin J. , Bu De-xiu , Luscinskas Francis W. , Lichtman Andrew H. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
T cell subset-specific migration to inflammatory sites is tightly regulated and involves interaction of the T cells with the endothelium. Th17 cells often appear at different inflammatory sites than Th1 cells, or both subsets appear at the same sites but at different times. Differences in T cell subset adhesion to endothelium may contribute to subset-specific migratory behavior, but this possibility has not been well studied. We examined the adhesion of mouse Th17 cells to endothelial adhesion molecules and endothelium under flow in vitro and to microvessels in vivo and we characterized their migratory phenotype by flow cytometry and quantitative RT-PCR. More Th17 than Th1 cells interacted with E-selectin. Fewer Th17 than Th1 cells bound to TNF-α–activated E-selectin–deficient endothelial cells, and intravital microscopy studies demonstrated that Th17 cells engage in more rolling interactions with TNF-α–treated microvessels than Th1 cells in wild-type mice but not in E-selectin–deficient mice. Th17 adhesion to ICAM-1 was dependent on integrin activation by CCL20, the ligand for CCR6, which is highly expressed by Th17 cells. In an air pouch model of inflammation, CCL20 triggered recruitment of Th17 but not Th1 cells. These data provide evidence that E-selectin– and ICAM-1–dependent adhesion of Th17 and Th1 cells with endothelium are quantitatively different.
Downregulation of PCAF by miR-181a/b Provides Feedback Regulation to TNF-α–Induced Transcription of Proinflammatory Genes in Liver Epithelial Cells
Authors: Zhao Jian , Gong Ai-Yu , Zhou Rui , Liu Jun , Eischeid Alex N. , Chen Xian-Ming 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Aberrant cellular responses to proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, are pathogenic features in most chronic inflammatory diseases. A variety of extracellular and intracellular feedback pathways has evolved to prevent an inappropriate cellular reaction to these proinflammatory cytokines. In this study, we report that TNF-α treatment of human and mouse cholangiocytes and hepatocytes downregulated expression of p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF), a coactivator and an acetyltransferase that promotes histone acetylation and gene transcription. Of these upregulated microRNAs in TNF-α–treated cells, miR-181a/b (miR-181a and miR-181b) suppressed translation of PCAF mRNA. Functional manipulation of miR-181a/b caused reciprocal alterations in PCAF protein expression in cultured cholangiocytes and hepatocytes. Inhibition of miR-181a/b function with anti-miRs blocked TNF-α–induced suppression of PCAF expression. Promoter recruitment of PCAF was shown to be associated with TNF-α–induced transcription of inflammatory genes. Intriguingly, pretreatment of cells with TNF-α inhibited transcription of inflammatory genes in response to subsequent TNF-α stimulation. Overexpression of PCAF or inhibition of miR-181a/b function with anti-miRs attenuated the inhibitory effects of TNF-α pretreatment on epithelial inflammatory response to subsequent TNF-α stimulation. Downregulation of PCAF and the inhibitory effects of TNF-α pretreatment on liver epithelial inflammatory response were further confirmed in a mouse model of TNF-α i.p. injection. These data suggest that PCAF is a target for miR-181a/b, and downregulation of PCAF by TNF-α provides negative feedback regulation to inflammatory reactions in liver epithelial cells, a process that may be relevant to the epigenetic fine-tuning of epithelial inflammatory processes in general.
Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation in Children with Supraventricular Tachycardias: Intermediate Term Follow up Results
Authors: Hafez Mm. , Abu-Elkheir Mm. , Shokier M. , Al-Marsafawy Hf. , Abo-Haded Hm. , El-Maaty M. Abo 
Published: January 2012

The Purpose of the Study Radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation represents an important advance in the management of children with cardiac arrhythmias and has rapidly become the standard and effective line of therapy for supraventricular tachycardias (SVTs) in pediatrics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intermediate term follow up results of radiofrequency catheter ablation in treatment of SVT in pediatric age group. Methods A total of 60 pediatric patients (mean age = 12.4 ± 5.3 years, ranged from 3 years to 18 years; male: female = 37:23; mean body weight was 32.02 ± 12.3 kg, ranged from 14 kg to 60 kg) with clinically documented SVT underwent an electrophysiologic study (EPS) and RF catheter ablation at Children's Hospital Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt during the period from January 2008 to December 2009 and they were followed up until October 2011. Results The arrhythmias included atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT; n = 45, 75%), atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT; n = 6, 10%), and atrial tachycardia (AT; n = 9, 15%). The success rate of the RF catheter ablation was 93.3% for AVRT, 66.7% for AVNRT, and 77.8% for AT, respectively. Procedure-related complications were infrequent (7/60, 11.7%), (atrial flutter during RF catheter ablation (4/60, 6.6%); ventricular fibrillation during RF catheter ablation (1/60, 1.6%); transient complete heart block during RF catheter ablation (2/60, 3.3%)). The recurrence rate was 8.3% (5/60) during a follow-up period of 34 ± 12 months. Conclusion RF catheter ablation is an effective and safe method to manage children with SVT.
Evaluation of the Light Energy Transmission and Bottom/Top Rate in Silorane and Methacrylate-based Composites with Different Photoactivation Protocols
Authors: Sinhoreti Mário Alexandre Coelho , Guiraldo Ricardo Danil , Consani Simonides , Consani Rafael Leonardo Xediek , de Camargo Bataglia Maysa Penteado , Fugolin Ana Paula Piovezan , Berger Sandrine Bittencourt , Lopes Murilo Baena , Moura Sandra Kiss 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT

Aim
This study investigated the influence of different composite resin organic matrix (methacrylate – Filtek Z350 XT and silorane – Filtek P90) on light energy transmission through the composite and bottom/top rate.

Materials and methods
A light-emitting diode (New Blue Phase), light-curing unit was used with different photoactivation protocols (high-continuous mode – HCM, 1400 mW/cm2 for 20 seconds; low-continuous mode – LCM, 700 mW/cm2 for 40 seconds; and soft-start mode – SSM, 140 mW/cm2 for 5s followed by 39 seconds for 700 mW/cm2). Twenty specimens were prepared for each composite. The light energy transmission through the composite was calculated (n=10). The bottom/top rate of the same specimen was calculated (n=10). The data were compared by Tukey's test in different tests (light energy transmission through the composite and bottom/top rate).

Results
The light energy transmission through the Filtek Z350 XT composite (HCM – 576 mW/cm2, LCM – 238 mW/cm2, SSM – 232 mW/cm2) did not show statistical difference when compared with Filtek P90 composite (HCM – 572 mW/cm2, LCM – 233 mW/cm2, SSM – 230 mW/cm2). The bottom/top rate of the Filtek Z350 XT composite (HCM – 88.98%, LCM – 90.94%, SSM – 89.92%) was statistically higher than that of the Filtek P90 composite (HCM–77.29%, LCM–77.51%, SSM– 77.79%).

Conclusion
Light energy transmission through the composite was not influenced by the use of different dental composite restoratives. However, the bottom/top rate of the composites was influenced by the use of different dental composite restoratives.

Clinical significance
Insufficiently polymerized composite resin may present a large number of problems. For this reason, dental composite resins should have the similar deep surface polymerization as the top surface in dental restorations.

How to cite this article
Guiraldo RD, Consani S, Consani RLX, de Camargo Bataglia MP, Fugolin APP, Berger SB, Lopes MB, Moura SK, Sinhoreti MAC. Evaluation of the Light Energy Transmission and Bottom/Top Rate in Silorane and Methacrylate-based Composites with Different Photoactivation Protocols. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(5):361-367.
Predictive Ability of 2-Day Measurement of Active Range of Motion on 3-Mo Upper-Extremity Motor Function in People With Poststroke Hemiparesis
Authors: Prager Eliza M. , Lang Catherine E. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We determined (1) whether active range of motion (AROM) of shoulder flexion and wrist extension measured at the initial therapy evaluation in the acute hospital predicted upper-extremity (UE) motor function 3 mo after stroke and (2) whether the presence of nonmotor impairments influenced this prediction.
METHOD. We collected AROM data from 50 people with stroke during their initial acute hospital therapy evaluation and UE motor function data 3 mo later. Multiple regression techniques determined the predictive ability of initial AROM on later UE motor function.
RESULTS. Initial AROM explained 28% of the variance in UE motor function 3 mo poststroke. Nonmotor deficits did not contribute to the variance.
CONCLUSION. Compared with later AROM measurements, initial values did not adequately predict UE motor function 3 mo after stroke. Clinicians should use caution when informing clients of UE functional prognosis in the early days after stroke.
Assessing Treatment Effect in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Hartman Douglas J , Krasinskas Alyssa M 
Published: December 2011

Context.—Pancreatic cancer is one of the most deadly forms of cancer (43 140 new cases per year; 36 800 deaths), and most people with pancreatic cancer do not survive past 5 years. New therapeutic regimens are constantly being evaluated in an attempt to reduce the rapid progression of this disease. Although some patients receive neoadjuvant therapy in an attempt to make a nonresectable or borderline-resectable tumor resectable, more patients with resectable disease are being enrolled in clinical trials that provide neoadjuvant therapy. This means more pancreatic resections must be evaluated for therapy effect. Histologic grading schemes for the assessment of posttherapy response have been described, but difficulties associated with determining the histologic features of treatment effect in pancreatic cancer have not been addressed.Objectives.—To critically review the diagnostic criteria for proposed grading schemes for pancreatic cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy and to provide guidance to surgical pathologists who encounter treated pancreatic cancer resections.Data Sources.—Published peer-reviewed literature and the personal experience of the authors.Conclusions.—Assessment of treatment effect in pancreatic cancer is difficult. Pathologists need to be aware that some histologic features of treatment effect overlap with histologic features seen in untreated pancreatic cancer, such as tumor cell anaplasia, necrosis, and fibrosis. Careful assessment of pancreatic resections, including detailed gross examination and thorough histologic sampling, is important in accurately assessing treatment effect and improving patient outcomes.
The Practice of Pathology in Canada: Decreasing Pathologist Supply and Uncertain Outcomes
Authors: Colgan Terence J , Geldenhuys Laurette 
Published: December 2011

Context.—Pathology organizations in the United States are preparing for a new era of health care reform. Trends in the supply of pathologists in Canada's managed care system may provide some useful insights in any analysis and projection of future pathologist needs in the United States.
Objective.—In this study, population-based Canadian databases were used to devise a parameter for physician supply, cancer cases per physician. The trend in this supply parameter for pathologists was compared to that for radiation oncologists.
Design.—The number of Canadian pathologists and radiation oncologists and the annual number of new cancer cases in each of 2 years, 1999 and 2009, were extracted from reliable databases. Cancer cases per pathologist and oncologist were calculated, and relative trends in supply of physicians in both specialties were identified.
Results.—The annual number of new cancer cases increased from 129 300 to 171 000 from 1999 to 2009. The absolute numbers of both pathologists and oncologists also increased in this time period. However, while the increase in the number of radiation oncologists led to an 8.2% decrease in cancer cases per radiation oncologist, the modest increase in the number of pathologists led to an increase of 17.1% in cancer cases per pathologist.
Conclusions.—There is a trend toward a decreasing supply of Canadian pathologists relative to that of cancer demands. This finding confirms an earlier population-based study showing a decreased supply relative to population and number of clinical physicians. It is uncertain whether this decreased supply is a result of appropriate application of new, efficient methods or whether health care has been rationed or adversely impacted. Outcome measures to monitor Canadian pathology practice quality are clearly needed.
In Situ Characterization of Lifetime and Morphology in Operating Bulk Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaic Devices by Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Leever Benjamin J. , Bailey Christopher A. , Marks Tobin J. , Hersam Mark C. , Durstock Michael F. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTime‐dependent charge transport in operating poly(3‐hexylthiophene):[6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices has been characterized with impedance spectroscopy. Devices with varied composition and morphology were measured over a range of illumination intensities ranging from dark conditions to 1 sun and applied bias voltages ranging from 0.0 V to 0.75 V. Using an equivalent circuit model, materials properties such as dielectric constant and conductivity were determined and found to be in agreement with values measured by other methods. Average carrier lifetimes were also extracted from the model and found to correlate with measured power conversion efficiencies. At the short circuit condition and ∼1 sun illumination, the average electron lifetime was found to vary from 7.8 to 22 μs for devices with power conversion efficiencies ranging from 2.0 to 2.5%. These results suggest that impedance spectroscopy is an effective tool for predicting how processing parameters can impact device performance in organic bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices.
Multivariate carbon and nitrogen stable isotope model for the reconstruction of prehistoric human diet
Authors: Froehle A.W. , Kellner C.M. , Schoeninger M.J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractUsing a sample of published archaeological data, we expand on an earlier bivariate carbon model for diet reconstruction by adding bone collagen nitrogen stable isotope values (δ15N), which provide information on trophic level and consumption of terrestrial vs. marine protein. The bivariate carbon model (δ13Capatite vs. δ13Ccollagen) provides detailed information on the isotopic signatures of whole diet and dietary protein, but is limited in its ability to distinguish between C4 and marine protein. Here, using cluster analysis and discriminant function analysis, we generate a multivariate diet reconstruction model that incorporates δ13Capatite, δ13Ccollagen, and δ15N holistically. Inclusion of the δ15N data proves useful in resolving protein‐related limitations of the bivariate carbon model, and splits the sample into five distinct dietary clusters. Two significant discriminant functions account for 98.8% of the sample variance, providing a multivariate model for diet reconstruction. Both carbon variables dominate the first function, while δ15N most strongly influences the second. Independent support for the functions' ability to accurately classify individuals according to diet comes from a small sample of experimental rats, which cluster as expected from their diets. The new model also provides a statistical basis for distinguishing between food sources with similar isotopic signatures, as in a previously analyzed archaeological population from Saipan (see Ambrose et al.: AJPA 104(1997) 343‐361). Our model suggests that the Saipan islanders' 13C‐enriched signal derives mainly from sugarcane, not seaweed. Further development and application of this model can similarly improve dietary reconstructions in archaeological, paleontological, and primatological contexts. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nucleic Acid and Peptide Aptamers: Fundamentals and Bioanalytical Aspects
Authors: Mascini Marco , Palchetti Ilaria , Tombelli Sara 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn recent years new nucleic acid and protein‐based combinatorial molecules have attracted the attention of researchers working in various areas of science, ranging from medicine to analytical chemistry. These molecules, called aptamers, have been proposed as alternatives to antibodies in many different applications. The aim of this Review is to illustrate the peculiarities of these combinatorial molecules which have initially been explored for their importance in molecular medicine, but have enormous potential in other biotechnological fields historically dominated by antibodies, such as bioassays. A description of these molecules is given, and the methods for their selection and production are also summarized. Moreover, critical aspects related to these molecules are discussed.
Synthesis and characterization of activated carbon‐platinum composites and effect on hydrogen storage rate
Authors: Chuang, Haw‐Yeu , Tseng, Huan‐Hsiung , Chung Tsui‐Yun , Yu Ming‐Sheng 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTA novel, facile and low temperature process for activated carbon‐platinum (AC‐Pt) composites has been developed in the absence of additive reducing agents. By varying the pH value and heating approach, the size and amounts of loading Pt nanoparticles could be tuned. According to the results of nitrogen adsorption analysis, small angle X‐ray scattering profiles, X‐ray diffractometer spectrometer patterns, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and field emission scanning electron microscope images, it was indicated that lower pH value and higher reaction temperature would conduce to larger Pt nanoparticles as well as greater amounts. Attributing to the results of nitrogen adsorption analysis, the impregnating condition of Pt nanocrystals also obviously influenced the specific surface area and the pore structure of AC‐Pt composites, which evidently resulted in dissimilar hydrogen adsorption behavior. In this research, the hydrogen storage rate was measured using high pressure thermo‐gravimetric analyzer under flow condition. It was discovered that small Pt nanoparticles uniformly distributed in pores might aid gas diffusion of hydrogen molecules and surface diffusion of atomic hydrogen in pores of AC via the so‐called hydrogen spillover phenomenon and enhance higher adsorption rate, even at lower Pt contents. © 2011 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An improved car‐following model for railway traffic
Authors: Li KePing , Gao ZiYou 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, we propose an improved traffic model for simulating train movement in railway traffic. The proposed model is based on optimal velocity car‐following model. In order to test the proposed model, we use it to simulate the train movement with fixed‐block system. In simulations, we analyze and discuss the space–time diagram of railway traffic flow and the trajectories of train movement. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model can be successfully used for simulating the train movement in railway traffic. From the space–time diagram, we find some complex phenomena of train flow, which are observed in real railway traffic, such as train delays. By analyzing the trajectories of train movement, some dynamic characteristics of trains can be reproduced. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Practical approach for travel time estimation from point traffic detector data
Authors: Shen Luou , Hadi Mohammed 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYAccurate estimation of travel time is critical to the success of advanced traffic management systems and advanced traveler information systems. Travel time estimation also provides basic data support for travel time reliability research, which is being recognized as an important performance measure of the transportation system. This paper investigates a number of methods to address the three major issues associated with travel time estimation from point traffic detector data: data filling for missing or error data, speed transformation from time‐mean speed to space‐mean speed, and travel time estimation that converts the speeds recorded at detector locations to travel time along the highway segment. The case study results show that the spatial and temporal interpolation of missing data and the transformation to space‐mean speed improve the accuracy of the estimates of travel time. The results also indicate that the piecewise constant‐acceleration‐based method developed in this study and the average speed method produce better results than the other three methods proposed in previous studies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.