bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Closed Reduction of a Dislocated Constrained Total Hip Arthroplasty Using a Novel Technique With a Peg Board
Authors: Flint John H. , Phisitkul Phinit , Callaghan John J. 
Published: March 2010

This article describes a case of closed reduction of a dislocated total hip arthroplasty (THA) out of a constrained acetabular liner using a novel technique with a peg board secured to the operating table.
A 79-year-old woman sustained multiple dislocations after a primary THA. She was converted to a constrained liner and sustained no further dislocations for 5 years. She presented after dislocating her hip while getting out of a chair. The patient was taken to the operating room, placed under general anesthesia, and laid supine on the operating table, to which a peg board had been previously securely attached. A padded perineal post was placed in the patient's groin into the peg board. Under fluoroscopy, in-line traction was applied to the right leg until the femoral head was perched on the acetabular liner. With internal rotation and pressure over the trochanter, the femoral head was reduced.
This technique requires less set-up time than using a fracture table. It also securely stabilizes the patient without skilled assistants during longitudinal traction. Moreover, if closed reduction fails, the patient can be rapidly placed in the lateral decubitus position for open reduction or revision arthroplasty. Successful closed reduction of a dislocated constrained liner turns an emergent case into an elective case if revision arthroplasty is indicated. This technique can also be easily used for the more common reductions of dislocated nonconstrained THAs.
Pediatric Trigger Thumb in Identical Twins: Congenital or Acquired?
Authors: Kakel Rafid , Van Heerden Pieter , Gallagher Barry , Verniquet Andrew 
Published: March 2010

Pediatric trigger thumb is an uncommon condition with a calculated incidence of 3 per 1000 live births or less. Some reports have suggested a congenital etiology while others could not find a single case of pediatric trigger thumb at birth. This article reports the occurrence of bilateral trigger thumbs in identical twins, age 3 years and 9 months, affecting their thumbs to similar extents, which may suggest a congenital etiology.
Congenital etiology for trigger thumb has been proposed for many reasons: occurrence in infants, occurrence in twins, occasional bilaterality, possible presence of triggering at birth, and absence of history of trauma. The occurrence of pediatric trigger thumb in twins has been reported 3 times in the literature; all reported cases were bilateral, as in our case.
The mean age at presentation of pediatric trigger thumb is 2 years. The thumb is usually held in a fixed flexion position (mimicking a fracture). Examination usually reveals a palpable nodule in the flexor pollicis longus tendon at the metacarpal joint. This is an important clinical sign. Triggering in children, however, is rare. Macroscopically, there is a nodular thickening of the tendon itself. Pathological changes can be found in the tendon, tendon sheath, or both. A specimen taken from one of the nodules in our case showed degenerative changes while those from both pulleys were normal.
Pediatric trigger thumb responds predictably to A1 pulley release, preferably before age 4 years, although milder cases may resolve spontaneously.
Confluent Laser Photocoagulation for the Treatment of Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Gonzalez Victor H. , Giuliari Gian P. , Banda Rodolfo M. , Guell David A. , Wingard Michael 
Published: March 2010

Educational Objectives

1.
To review the current treatments for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) following CRYO-ROP and ETROP guidelines.

2.
To review the use of laser photocoagulation in the treatment of ROP.

3.
To describe the rate of progression, frequency of retreatment, complication rate, structural outcomes, and post-treatment refractive error following laser photocoagulation treatment of ROP.

Purpose:
To describe the efficacy, outcomes, and complications of confluent laser technique in a cohort of premature infants with threshold retinopathy of prematurity. Laser photocoagulation has a good treatment outcome in the management of retinopathy of prematurity; however, the number and density of laser spots remains debatable. Laser treatment can be done in a scattered pattern, a near-confluent pattern, or a confluent treatment pattern.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review of patients with threshold retinopathy of prematurity treated between 2003 and 2006 was conducted. Confluent laser treatment was applied anterior to the ridge extending to the ora serrata 360˚. Rate of progression, frequency of retreatment, postoperative complications, structural outcomes, and refractive error were evaluated.

Results:
A total of 100 eyes from 51 patients were included. Mean gestational age was 28 weeks (range: 23 to 32 weeks) and mean birth weight was 1,065 g (range: 477 to 1,905 g). Patients had a mean follow-up of 13 months (range: 6 to 50 months). Progression to stage 4 or 5 occurred only in a total of 6 eyes (6%). Postoperative complications included cataract, vitreous hemorrhage, corneal edema, and macular dragging. Mean spherical equivalent at the last follow-up visit was −3.80 diopters (range: −19.00 to + 4.00 diopters).

Conclusion:
Patients treated with confluent laser photocoagulation had a low rate of progression to stage 4 or 5 retinopathy of prematurity. Also, the need for additional laser treatment was small, with rates of complications and structural outcomes comparable to previous reports using a nonconfluent laser pattern.

[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2010;47:81–85.]
Congenital Ptosis and Amblyopia
Authors: Oral Yesim , Ozgur Ozlen Rodop , Akcay Levent , Ozbas Mehmet , Dogan Omer Kamil 
Published: March 2010

Purpose:
To investigate the incidence and causes of amblyopia in congenital ptosis.

Methods:
The frequency and causes of amblyopia were evaluated in 83 eyes of 72 patients with congenital ptosis. Patient ages ranged between 10 months and 70 years. Amblyopia was defined as best-corrected visual acuity of 0.7 or less. After a complete ophthalmologic examination, the amount of ptosis and levator function was determined and the following amblyogenic factors were identified: ametropia, anisometropia, and strabismus. In cases with no other reason for amblyopia, stimulus deprivation amblyopia due to ptosis was assumed.

Results:
The amount of ptosis was mild in 5 (6%), moderate in 26 (31%), and severe in 52 (63%) of 83 eyes with congenital ptosis. Strabismus was present in 17 (20%) eyes. Visual acuity could not be determined in 10 of 83 eyes with ptosis in children younger than 4 years. The overall incidence of amblyopia in the remaining 73 eyes was 48%. Of those patients with amblyopia, 54% had refactive errors such as anisometropia or ametropia, 20% had strabismus with or without refractive errors, and 26% had amblyopia solely attributed to ptosis. When all eyes with ptosis were included, the rate of stimulus deprivation amblyopia was 12% and all of these eyes had severe ptosis.

Conclusion:
Early detection and treatment of amblyogenic factors such as refractive errors and strabismus is recommended and, when the pupillary axis is occluded with severe ptotic eyelids, surgery should be performed as soon as possible to prevent stimulus deprivation amblyopia.

[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2010;47:101–104]
Incidence of Nd:YAG Capsulotomy After Implantation of AcrySof Multifocal and Monofocal Intraocular Lenses: A Case Controlled Study
Authors: Shah Vipul C. , Russo Christopher , Cannon Richard , Davidson Richard , Taravella Michael J. 
Published: March 2010

Purpose:
To compare the frequency of posterior capsulotomies in patients receiving a multifocal or monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) of a similar design following cataract extraction.

Methods:
Four hundred seventeen eyes underwent cataract extraction and IOL implantation; 275 eyes received the AcrySof SN60WF (Alcon Laboratories Inc) one-piece monofocal lens (monofocal group) and 142 eyes received the RESTOR multifocal lens (SN60D3 or SA60D3, Alcon Laboratories Inc) (multifocal group). Surgery was performed by two surgeons at one site. Primary outcome measures were incidence, time of onset, and preoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) for those patients receiving posterior capsulotomies.

Results:

After average 22-month postoperative follow-up (range: 2 to 41 months), 22 (15.49%) eyes in the multifocal group underwent posterior capsulotomies compared with 16 (5.82%) eyes in the monofocal group (
P
=.0014). The main indication for Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy in the multifocal group was complaint of poor quality of vision rather than decreased CDVA. The multifocal group underwent capsulotomies after a mean of 8.8 months (range: 1.7 to 29.2 months), whereas the monofocal group required capsulotomies after a mean of 10.4 months (range: 0.8 to 28.6 months) (
P
=.559). Mean logMAR CDVA before capsulotomy was 0.113 (range: 0 to 0.6) for the multifocal group and 0.244 (range: 0 to 0.48) for the monofocal group (
P
=.073).

Conclusions:
Use of the RESTOR multifocal IOL in clinical practice may result in more frequent Nd:YAG laser capsulotomies. Reasons for this may include increased visual demands of patients receiving presbyopic-correcting IOLs or complex visual phenomena associated with the interaction of multifocal optics and posterior capsule opacification.
Short-Term Effect of Topical Brimonidine Tartrate on Intrastromal Corneal Pressure in Rabbits
Authors: Bolívar Gema , Teus Miguel A. , Hernández-Verdejo José L. 
Published: March 2010

Purpose:
Because topical brimonidine tartrate has been reported to decrease flap adherence in the early postoperative period after LASIK, its effect on the intrastromal corneal pressure (ICP) was evaluated.

Methods:
An interventional, prospective, animal study was performed. Intrastromal corneal pressure was recorded for 45 minutes in eight eyes of rabbits treated with topical brimonidine tartrate three times daily for 3 consecutive days (study group); eight contralateral eyes were treated with artificial tears (control group). All measurements were performed by the same, masked investigator.

Results:

Mean ICP was −4.00±2.90 mmHg, −6.70±3.00 mmHg, and −9.00±4.50 mmHg at 15, 30, and 45 minutes, respectively, in the control group. In the study group (brimonidine-treated eyes), the ICP readings were +2.75±2.90 mmHg, −2.50±3.00 mmHg, and −8.50±5.00 mmHg at the same time points, respectively. The differences in the ICP between both groups were statistically significant at 15 minutes (
P
=.01), but no significant difference was found at 30 or 45 minutes (
P
=.20 and
P
=.80, respectively).

Conclusions:
Topical treatment with brimonidine tartrate induces a significant decrease in ICP at 15 minutes. This effect on ICP may explain the decreased corneal flap adherence reported in eyes treated with this drug.
Generation of micromonodispersed droplets and bubbles in the capillary embedded T‐junction microfluidic devices
Authors: Wang K. , Lu Y. C. , Xu J. H. , Tan J. , Luo G. S. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis work focuses on the dispersion of micromonodispersed droplets and bubbles in the capillary embedded T‐junction microfluidic devices. The effects of the microchannel structure, operating conditions, and physical properties on the dispersion rules were carefully investigated. It was found that the extended capillary could greatly affect the dispersion rules, which was favorable for reducing the dispersed size. The dispersed size was mainly dominated by the Ca number, and the effects of dispersed phase flow rate and viscosity ratio of the two phases were also very important. The dispersion mechanism and size rules in the capillary embedded microfluidic devices were discussed seriously by comparing the similarities and differences of the liquid/liquid and gas/liquid dispersion processes. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Microdeletion of the Down syndrome critical region at 21q22
Authors: Fujita Hideki , Torii Chiharu , Kosaki Rika , Yamaguchi Shinya , Kudoh Jun , Hayashi Kumiko , Takahashi Takao , Kosaki Kenjiro 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe concept of the Down syndrome critical region implies the existence of several dosage‐sensitive genes that result in an abnormal phenotype when duplicated. Among the genes in the presumed Down syndrome critical region, DYRK1A and SIM2 are thought to be particularly important because of their critical roles in the development of the central nervous system in model organisms. Considering that regulatory imbalances resulting in an altered amount of expression from crucial target genes tend to produce phenotypic effects in both monosomics and trisomics, haploinsufficiency for the Down syndrome critical region is expected to be associated with an abnormal phenotype. We report on a patient with severe microcephaly, a developmental delay, hypospadias, and corneal opacity who had a microdeletion spanning the Down syndrome critical region, including DYRK1A and SIM2. He presented with intrauterine growth retardation, hypospadias, corneal clouding, arched eyebrows, upslanting and narrow palpebral fissures, bifid uvula, prominent nasal root, short columella, prominent central incisors, pegged shaped teeth, retrognathia, hypoplastic nipples, and severe developmental delay. His G‐banded karyotype was normal, but array comparative genomic hybridization showed a de novo deletion of 3.97 Mb at chromosome 21q22. The extreme degree of microcephaly in this patient may be ascribed to the haploinsufficiency of DYRK1A, since brain size is severely reduced in heterozygotes for the Dyrk1a null mutation in mice. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The phenotype of Floating–Harbor syndrome in 10 patients
Authors: White Susan M. , Morgan Angela , Da Costa Annette , Lacombe Didier , Knight Samantha J.L. , Houlston Richard , Whiteford Margo L. , Newbury‐Ecob Ruth A. , Hurst Jane A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFloating–Harbor syndrome (FHS) is a rare condition typified by short stature, speech impairment, delayed bone age, and characteristic facies. The diagnosis can be difficult as the facial changes are subtle in infancy, and the features of short stature, delayed speech, and delayed bone age are frequently encountered in clinical practice. We refine the phenotype in FHS by reporting clinical findings in 10 typically affected individuals ranging in age from 7 to 34 years and present a mother and daughter who display some features of FHS. Bone age measurements were delayed when measured from age 6 months to 6 years but in some patients were normal between 6 and 12 years. Dysmorphic features at different ages are characterized. The lateral profile of the face and the characteristic body habitus aided diagnosis. Significant behavioral problems of hyperactivity, short attention span and aggression during childhood were reported for most individuals. The children studied had a severe and incapacitating disorder of speech and language. Intellectual functioning ranged from borderline normal to moderate intellectual disability. Early puberty was noted. Adult heights were 140–155 cm. Microarray analysis in eight of the patients provided no evidence that FHS is caused by a large‐scale copy‐number genomic change. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Longitudinal observation of a patient with Rieger syndrome and interstitial deletion 4 (q25–q31.1)
Authors: Moreira Lilia , Schinzel Albert , Baumer Alessandra , Pinto Paula , Góes Fátima , Falcão Maria de Lourdes , Barbosa Ana Luiza , Riegel Mariluce 
Published: March 2010

AbstractRieger syndrome (RS; OMIM 180500) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder of morphogenesis, with ocular and systemic abnormalities and variability in phenotypic expression. Some patients with RS presented with a deletion of the band 4q25 to which the homeobox gene PIT X2 (former RIEG) was mapped. To study the natural history and perform a genotype–phenotype correlation, we followed a girl with RS from the age of 1 year to puberty. The study included physical examination, clinical and psychological evaluation, and cytogenetic analysis with GTG‐banded karyotype and array CGH. Additionally, molecular analysis using microsatellite markers for chromosome 4 (D4S427, D4S194 and D4S1615) was performed. Conventional chromosome analysis showed a 4q deletion, and aCGH confirmed the determination of the breakpoints at 4q25 and 4q31. With the exception of the typical features of RS is the patient, the clinical manifestations were relatively mild, despite the relatively large size of the deleted chromosome segment. The patient was periodically re‐evaluated for several years. The teeth are still abnormal, and she is still under orthodontic treatment. The facial features were attenuated with age. Currently, she is under constant monitoring of eye pressure. She benefited from early intervention program, and her tonus is normal. She attends a normal school with minor learning difficulties. In conclusion, this study offers a comprehensive phenotypic delineation of RS through almost two decades and may contribute to a more accurate genetic counseling in cases of this syndrome. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
RAB23 mutation in a large family from Comoros Islands with Carpenter syndrome
Authors: Alessandri Jean‐Luc , Dagoneau Nathalie , Laville Jean‐Marc , Baruteau Julien , Hébert Jean‐Christophe , Cormier‐Daire Valérie 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe report here on a RAB23 mutation (c.86dupA) present in the homozygote state in four relatives of Comorian origin with Carpenter syndrome. All children presented with acrocephaly and polysyndactyly. However, intrafamilial variability was observed with variable severity of craniosynostosis ranging from cloverleaf skull to predominant involvement of the metopic ridge. All children also presented with a combination of brachydactyly with agenesis of the middle phalanges, syndactyly, broad thumbs, and postaxial polydactyly (2/4) in the hands, and preaxial polydactyly (3) and syndactyly (4) in the toes. Mental development was normal in all four children but the eldest one presented with impaired motor development as a result of orthopedic complications. Brain imaging showed hydrocephalus in 2/4 and additional features included genu valgum (2/4), abnormal genitalia (3/4), corneal anomaly (2/4), umbilical hernia (1/4), severe cyphoscoliosis (1), patent ductus arteriosus (1/4), and accessory spleen (1). In contrast to previous reports, growth was below average except for one patient and the eldest one became moderately overweight with time. We conclude from the report of this large unique family with four affected children that Carpenter syndrome is a genetically homogenous but a clinically variable condition. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interstitial deletion 1q42 in a patient with agenesis of corpus callosum: Phenotype–genotype comparison to the 1q41q42 microdeletion suggests a contiguous 1q4 syndrome
Authors: Filges Isabel , Röthlisberger Benno , Boesch Nemya , Weber Peter , Wenzel Friedel , Huber Andreas R. , Heinimann Karl , Miny Peter 
Published: March 2010

AbstractInterstitial deletions of 1q4 are rare and present with different deletion breakpoints and variable phenotype. We report on the clinical and molecular cytogenetic findings in a girl with minor anomalies, midline defects including prenatally ascertained agenesis of the corpus callosum, epilepsy and developmental delay. A de novo 5.45 Mb deletion almost exclusively located within 1q42 was found to cause this phenotype, which shows significant overlap with the microdeletion 1q41q42 syndrome reported in a few patients except for the agenesis of the corpus callosum. However, deletions in patients with the 1q41q42 syndrome mainly extend into the 1q41 region with a region of overlap including the DISP1 gene involved in the SHH pathway, which is not part of the 1q42 deletion in our patient. We suggest that an interaction of genes involved in pathways of embryonic development rather than haploinsufficiency of single genes in the so‐called critical regions is causing complex malformation syndromes due to cytogenetic microaberrations in the 1q4 region. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A maternally inherited chromosome 18q22.1 deletion in a male with late‐presenting diaphragmatic hernia and microphthalmia–evaluation of DSEL as a candidate gene for the diaphragmatic defect
Authors: Zayed Hatem , Chao Ryan , Moshrefi Ali , LopezJimenez Nelson , Delaney Allen , Chen Justin , Shaw Gary M. , Slavotinek Anne M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractUsing an Affymetrix GeneChip® Human Mapping 100K Set to study a patient with a late‐presenting, right‐sided diaphragmatic hernia and microphthalmia, we found a maternally inherited deletion that was 2.7 Mb in size at chromosome 18q22.1. Mapping of this deletion using fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed three deleted genes—CDH19, DSEL, and TXNDC10, and one gene that contained the deletion breakpoint, CCDC102B. We selected DSEL for further study in 125 patients with diaphragmatic hernias, as it is involved in the synthesis of decorin, a protein that is required for normal collagen formation and that is upregulated during myogenesis. We found p.Met14Ile in an unrelated patient with a late‐presenting, anterior diaphragmatic hernia. In the murine diaphragm, Dsel was only weakly expressed at the time of diaphragm closure and its expression in C2C12 myoblast cells did not change significantly during myoblast differentiation, thus reducing the likelihood that the gene is involved in myogenesis of the diaphragm. Although it is possible that the 18q22.1 deletion and haploinsufficiency for DSEL contributed to the diaphragmatic defect in the patient, a definite role for DSEL and decorin in the formation of the collagen‐containing, central tendon of the diaphragm has not yet been established. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Copper(II)–Girard's T complex as a promising anti‐tumor agent
Authors: El‐Sokkary A. M. A. , El‐Naggar M. M. , Abdel‐Aziz A. F. , Mostafa M. M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA copper(II) complex was evaluated for its anti‐tumor activity. Firstly, electrophoretic studies were applied on the complex. These studies revealed the binding of the complex to calf thymus DNA, leading to a delay in electrophoretic mobility of the DNA molecule. Secondly, spectroscopic data pointed out that the λmaxof DNA was shifted to a longer wavelength, which was accompanid by a hyperchromic shift. Moreover, the λmaxof copper(II) complex was shifted to a shorter wavelength. The favorable reaction conditions between the DNA molecule and the copper(II) complex were studied. Thirdly, The effects of the ligand and the Cu(II) ion were tested separately on the DNA molecule by electrophoresis technique. Furthermore, the fluorescence quenching of DNA bound ethidium ion by Cu(II)‐Girard's T complex was noticed. The IR spectral data of DNA before and after the reaction with the copper(II) complex indicated that the interaction takes place through the carbonyl group of DNA nucleobases. Finally, a significant increase in the mean survival of EAC (Ehrlich ascites carcinoma) tumor‐bearing mice was observed when treated with the copper(II) complex. The tumor volume was also significantly reduced (p< 0.0001). Electrophoretic studies showed that the DNA pattern extracted from EAC cells of tumor‐bearing mice was affected after treatment with the copper(II) complex. Flow cytometric studies showed that this complex may be taken into consideration in seeking novel anti‐tumor agents. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient synthesis of ring‐fused indoles via copper‐catalyzed tandem reaction of N‐(o‐alkynylphenyl)imines
Authors: Fu Weijun , Zhu Mei , Zou Guanglong 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA copper‐catalyzed tandem intramolecular cyclization‐addition reaction of N‐(o‐alkynylphenyl)imines is disclosed. This strategy offers a simple and promising method for accessing ring‐fused indoles. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.