bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subporphyrins: A Legitimate Ring-Contracted Porphyrin with Versatile Electronic and Optical Properties
Authors: Osuka Atsuhiro , Tsurumaki Eiji , Tanaka Takayuki 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
After a brief survey of our efforts in the development of novel porphyrinoids that include meso–meso-linked porphyrin arrays, meso-aryl expanded porphyrins, and transition-metal-catalyzed functionalizations of porphyrins, a particular focus in this account is placed on the chemistry of subporphyrins that has been explored in our group. Subporphyrin is a legitimate ring-contracted porphyrin consisting of three pyrrolic subunits domed in a C3 symmetric bowl shape. While subporphyrins are simple and small macrocycles and possess a key position in porphyrin chemistry, they had been elusive until our first synthesis of tribenzosubporphines in 2006. Shortly after, synthetic protocols of meso-aryl-substituted subporphyrins were developed to produce various subporphyrins with versatile electronic properties that can be widely tuned by meso-aryl substituents. Raney nickel reduction was used to prepare meso-alkyl-substituted subporphyrins from meso-thienyl-substituted subporphyrins. Subchlorins and subbacteriochlorins were prepared respectively by the reduction of subporphyrins with p-tosylhydrazide and Raney nickel. While subporphyrins and subchlorins share conjugated 14π-electronic circuits, subbacteriochlorins have a rare [13]diazaannulene circuit maintained through the lone-pair electrons of the nitrogen atom. The aromaticity decreases in the order of subporphyrin &gt; subchlorin &gt; subbacteriochlorin, as indicated from 1H- and 11B NMR spectra and nuclear independent chemical shift (NICS) calculations. Despite these progresses, the chemistry of subporphyrins is still in the infant stage with many untouched aspects and further improvements in synthetic yields are highly desirable for the developments of the chemistry of subporphyrins as well as their applications in diverse fields.
Effect of Lateral Fluorine Substituent on Mesophase Behavior of Bent-shaped Molecules with Asymmetric Central Naphthalene Core
Authors: Li Xiaodong , Zhan Maosheng , Wang Kai , Zhou Huazhen 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Novel lateral fluorinated bent-shaped molecules based on 1,7- and 1,6-naphthalene central core are prepared. Their mesomorphic properties are discussed in comparison with those of conventional unsubstituted bent-shape molecules.
Follicular thyroid neoplasms can be classified as low- and high-risk according to HBME-1 and Galectin-3 expression on liquid-based fine-needle cytology
Authors: Fadda Guido , Rossi Esther Diana , Raffaelli Marco , Pontecorvi Alfredo , Sioletic Stefano , Morassi Francesca , Lombardi Celestino Pio , Zannoni Gian Franco , Rindi Guido 
Published: July 2011

DesignFine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is the most reliable diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules. A cytologic diagnosis of follicular neoplasm with atypical cells of undetermined significance (FN/AUS) implies that the selection of patients between surgery and follow-up is difficult. In this setting immunocytochemical stainings might be helpful. The efficacy of a panel made up of HBME-1 and Galectin-3 antibodies is evaluated in cases processed by liquid-based cytology (LBC).MethodsOut of 7091 thyroid FNAB processed by LBC method, 120 cases undergoing surgery successively were selected. These cases were classified as benign lesion (BL, eight cases), FN, including the ACUS category of the Bethesda classification (FN/AUS, 50 cases), suspicious for malignancy (SM, 59 cases), and malignant neoplasm (MN, three cases). Immunostains for HBME-1 and Galectin-3 were carried out on the LBC slides.ResultsAll MN and BL were histologically confirmed. FN/AUS and SM showed a malignancy risk of 24 and 72.9% respectively. The complete immunocytochemical panel was positive in 83.3% of the cases resulting in malignancy and negative in 87.5% of cases resulting in benign histology. Among the FN/AUS, the complete positive immunocytochemical panel was detected in 76.9% of cases resulting as malignant and the complete negative immunocytochemical panel was observed in 96.8% of cases resulting as benign at histology.ConclusionsThe expression of HBME-1 and Galectin-3 in cases classified as FN/AUS on LBC-processed FNABs can effectively distinguish lesions, which need immediate surgery (high risk or FNH or Thy 3h) from those which can be followed-up (low risk or FNL or Thy 3l).
Long-acting pegylated human GH in children with GH deficiency: a single-dose, dose-escalation trial investigating safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
Authors: de Schepper Jean , Rasmussen Michael Højby , Gucev Zoran , Eliakim Alon , Battelino Tadej 
Published: July 2011

ObjectiveGH replacement therapy currently requires daily injections, which may be inconvenient and distressing for young patients. This study determined the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of escalating single doses of a pegylated GH (NNC126-0083) developed for once-weekly administration, in children with GH deficiency (GHD).Design and methodsThirty children (age ≥6 and ≤12 years, weight ≥16 kg) were randomised to NNC126-0083 or daily GH treatment. The subjects discontinued their daily GH treatment 7–9 days before receiving NNC126-0083 at 0.01, 0.02, 0.04 or 0.06 mg protein/kg (n=22) or seven once-daily doses of GH at 0.035 mg protein/kg (n=8).ResultsNNC126-0083 was well tolerated, and no short-term safety or local tolerability issues were identified. After NNC126-0083 treatment, dose-dependent IGF1 increases were evident for maximum concentration (Cmax), but not area under the curve (AUC0–168 h). Mean values for IGF1 AUC0–168 h/168 h and Cmax were higher for GH than for NNC126-0083, although the difference was not statistically significant for cohort's 0.06 mg protein/kg. At 0.06 mg protein/kg, the resulting IGF1 response began subsiding at ∼3 days post-dose.ConclusionSingle doses of long-acting NNC126-0083 were safe and well tolerated in children with GHD. Increased IGF1 levels were observed in all NNC126-0083 dose groups; however, a satisfactory once-weekly IGF1 profile was not reached within the NNC126-0083 dose levels administered.
Lamb Ex Vivo Model for Training in Maxillary Sinus Floor Elevation Surgery: A Comparative Study With Human Standards
Authors: López‐Niño Javier , García‐Caballero Lucía , González‐Mosquera Antonio , Seoane‐Romero Juan , Varela‐Centelles Pablo , Seoane Juan 
Published: July 2011

Background: Many models have been suggested for surgical training in sinus floor elevation (SFE), but information on key features that provide feedback to the trainee is scarce. The aim of this study is to compare the thickness of the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus (TLWMS) and the thickness of the Schneiderian membrane (TSM) between an animal model and the human standard.Methods: The observational study used 20 fresh lamb heads. Cone‐beam computed tomography (CT) was performed for recording the following: TLWMS, sinus lateral floor width, distance from the lateral border of the anteroposterior bone crest to the sinus wall, and height of lateral maxillary sinus. Thirty human radiologic exploration cone‐beam CTs were used for comparisons. The sinus membrane thickness was measured at three points per section and compared to those of 10 formalin‐preserved human membranes.Results: TLWMS in the animal model scored 2.25 ± 0.3 mm and was thicker than that of humans with subsinusal edentulism (Xi − Xj = 0.3; 95% confidence interval = 0.1 to 0.4), although this difference was not considered clinically relevant. The average thickness of the sinus membrane was 485.5 ± 137.1 μm with no significant differences between sides (P = 0.12) or between the thickness of human and lamb Schneiderian membranes.Conclusions: The model based on lambs is potentially useful for training in SFE techniques because of the similarities in the TLWMS and particularly the TSM. Additional studies are needed to validate this model within a teaching environment.
Treatment of Gingival Recession Defects Using Coronally Advanced Flap With a Porcine Collagen Matrix Compared to Coronally Advanced Flap With Connective Tissue Graft: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Cardaropoli Daniele , Tamagnone Lorenzo , Roffredo Alessandro , Gaveglio Lorena 
Published: July 2011

Background: Connective tissue graft (CTG) plus coronally advanced flap (CAF) is the reference therapy for root coverage. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the use of a porcine collagen matrix (PCM) plus CAF as an alternative to CTG+CAF for the treatment of gingival recessions (REC), in a prospective randomized, controlled clinical trial.Methods: Eighteen adult patients participated in this study. The patients presented 22 single Miller's Class I or II REC, randomly assigned to the test (PCM+CAF) or control (CTG+CAF) group. REC, probing depth, clinical attachment level (CAL), and width of keratinized tissue (KG) were evaluated at 12 months. In addition, the gingival thickness (GT) was measured 1mm apical to the bottom of the sulcus.Results: At 12 months, mean REC was 0.23 mm for test sites and 0.09 mm for control sites (P <0.01), whereas percentage of root coverage was 94.32% and 96.97%, respectively. CAL gain was 2.41 mm in test sites and 2.95 mm in control sites (P <0.01). KG gain was 1.23 mm in the test group and 1.27 mm in the control group (P <0.01). In test sites, GT changed from 0.82 to 1.82 mm, and in control sites, from 0.86 to 2.09 mm (P <0.01).Conclusions: Within the limits of the study, both treatment procedures resulted in significant reduction in REC at 12 months. No statistically significant differences were found between PCM+CAF and CTG+CAF with regard to any clinical parameter. The collagen matrix represents a possible alternative to CTG.
Does One Charitable Contribution Come at the Expense of Another?
Authors: Reinstein David A 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
This paper defines, discusses, and measures “expenditure substitution” in charitable giving. Motivated by a model of conditional demand, I consider the extent to which a “temporary shock” that increases an individual's donation to one cause by a particular amount displaces her gifts to other charitable causes. I use the 2001-2007 waves of the PSID/COPPS, the first data set of its kind, to identify this. Households that give more to one type of charity tend to give more to others. However, many of the correlations between the residuals after fixed-effects regressions are negative and significant, particularly for larger donors and for certain categories of charitable giving. Given plausible econometric assumptions, the negative correlations are strong evidence of expenditure substitution. Overall, these results suggest heterogeneous motivations for giving: small givers may be mainly driven by temporary shocks and personal appeals while larger givers may have concave multi-charity warm-glow preferences.
Strongly concave functions on root systems
Authors: Courtès François 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Let F be a local complete field with discrete valuation, and let G be the group of F-points of a quasisplit group over F. Let ℬ be the Bruhat-Tits building of G and let A be an apartment of ℬ; we establish a link between bounded closed subsets of A and a special kind of functions on the relative root system Φ of G, which will be called strongly concave functions. This paper is devoted to the study of such functions.
First order absolute moment of Meyer-König and Zeller operators and their approximation for some absolutely continuous functions
Authors: Zeng Xiao-Ming , Cheng Fuhua 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
A sharp estimate is given for the first order absolute moment of Meyer-König and Zeller operators M
n. This estimate is then used to prove convergence of approximation of a class of absolutely continuous functions by the operators M
n. The condition considered here is weaker than the condition considered in a previous paper and the rate of convergence we obtain is asymptotically the best possible.
On size-biased Consul distribution
Authors: Mir Khurshid 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
In this paper, a size-biased Consul distribution (SBCOND) is defined. Recurrence relations for central moments and the moments about origin are obtained. Different estimation methods for the parameters of the model are discussed. A comparative analysis is done among the three different estimation methods and the proposed model is compared with the generalized logarithmic series distribution (GLSD) and simple Consul distribution.
Volume Density and Longitudinal Wave Velocity Changes of the Ciezkowice and Krosno Flysch Sandstones under High Pressure and Temperature in the Triaxial Test Condition / Zmiany Gestosci Objetosciowej I Predkosci Fali Podłuznej Skał Fliszowych: Piaskowców Ciezkowickich I Krosnienskich Pod Wpływem Wysokiego Cisnienia I Temperatury W Warunkach Trójosiowego Sciskania
Authors: Pinińska J. , Dziedzic A. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract The poorly cemented Ciężkowice poorly sorted sandstone and the compact Mucharz fine grain sandstone have been laboratory tested at the triaxial compressing conditions in thermo-pressurized chamber of a rigid press MTS-815. The confining pressure: P = σ2 = gσ3 range from 0 to 96 MPa and the temperature: T from 22°C to 120°C (simulated 500 m intervals from the surface to the depth of 3500 m). During (the) each test, the characteristics of deformation and the elastic wave velocity paths were simultaneously monitored. The volume density and longitudinal wave velocity showed a non-linear increase with the progress of simulated depth, a volume density growth by 1.6 to 4.0%, and the elastic wave velocity up to 250% of the primary value (surface condition), dependable on loading path, phase of deformation, and varying type of lithology. That may lead to wide error margin in a determination of rock’s engineering properties and also create discrepancies between the static parameters of rocks (Est ,gνst ) determined by standard laboratory load tests, and the dynamic parameters (Ed, νd ) determined from the wave velocity and volume density
Codes of Ethics and Codes of Conduct for Using ICT in Education
Authors: Pivec Franci 
Published: July 2011

Codes of Ethics and Codes of Conduct for Using ICT in Education
Codes of conduct and codes of ethics are a way of ensuring that positive impact in the community prevails. Tertiary education environments that have standardised ICT management show higher quality of performance if compared to those that have not yet standardised it. Moreover, characteristic of these environments is their strong willingness for change. University is a place of scientific communication and, thus, ICT and especially the Internet represent the entry point into a new developmental phase to which the best universities are strongly dedicated. In this way, ethics returns to the core of the mission undertaken by higher education institutions. Many countries around the world are adopting National Educational Technology Standards (NETS) that have been developed and are continuously updated within the ISTE Association and at the same time represent a code of conduct for students, faculty teachers, administrators and all others involved in high-quality study. Those standards must be supported by codes of ethics as they depend on the compliance with the relevant moral values.
Model Reference Adaptive Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
Authors: Tárník Marián , Murgaš Ján 
Published: July 2011

Model Reference Adaptive Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous MotorIn this paper the classical theory of the direct Model Reference Adaptive Control is used to develop a control algorithm for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). A PMSM model widely used in electric drives community is considered as base for control system development. Conventionally used controllers are replaced by adaptive ones. The resulting control system adapts to changes in any of PMSM parameters.
Hybrid PID Control Algorithms for Nonlinear Process Control
Authors: Taneva Albena , Petrov Michail , Ganchev Ivan 
Published: July 2011

Hybrid PID Control Algorithms for Nonlinear Process ControlThis paper presents modifications of the classical PID control algorithm, implemented by an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Architecture (ANFA). The main goal here is to design a fuzzy PID controller with a flexible structure, adaptive tuning of its parameters and algorithm modifications, which leads to improvement of the system performance. Thus the controlling process and system are prevented from the undesired and non expected changes of the system input signals. The antecedent part of the applied fuzzy rules contains a linear function, similar to the modified discrete equation of the corresponding conventional PID controller. The simulations demonstrate satisfactory results of these performances and implementations applied to a nonlinear plant.
One Unequal Error Control Method for Telemetric Data Transmission
Authors: Hirner Tomáš , Farkaš Peter , Krile Srečko 
Published: July 2011

One Unequal Error Control Method for Telemetric Data TransmissionIn wireless sensor networks (WSN) it is necessary to use very simple codes for transmission of information since the nodes in these networks have usually only limited energy available not only for transmission but also for processing. On the other hand, common codes do not usually take into account the fact that in case of telemetric information the weights of individual orders are not equal and errors in different orders cause different deviations from correct value. In this contribution, new very simple codes for transmission of telemetric information on WSN will be presented, which take into account the above-mentioned requirements. Resulting square deviation will be used as a quality evaluation criterion.
Using Reduced Interference Distribution to Analyze Abnormal Cardiac Signal
Authors: Mousa Allam , Saleem Rashid 
Published: July 2011

Using Reduced Interference Distribution to Analyze Abnormal Cardiac SignalDue to the non-stationary, multicomponent nature of biomedical signals, the use of time-frequency analysis can be inevitable for these signals. The choice and selection of the proper Time-Frequency Distribution (TFD) that can reveal the exact multicomponent structure of biological signals is vital in many applications, including the diagnosis of medical abnormalities. In this paper, the instantaneous frequency techniques using two distribution functions are applied for analysis of biological signals. These distributions are the Wigner-Ville Distribution and the Bessel Distribution. The simulation performed on normaland abnormal cardiac signals show that the Bessel Distribution can clearly detect the QRS complexes. However, Wigner-Ville Distribution was able to detect the QRS complexes in the normal signa, but fails to detect these complexes in the abnormal cardiac signal.
Collegius Agellanus : désignation collégiale et espace communautaire sur une épitaphe de l’Ager Æquiculorum
Authors: Tran Nicolas 
Published: July 2011

An epitaph from the ager Aequiculorum (CIL, X, 4129), probably incised during the 2nd century A. D., mentions a deceased slave, Ianuarius, and his two parents, Helius and Legas. These parents have organised the funeral of their son with a collegium funeraticium, named collegius agellanus.
Several commentators have argued that the unicum agellanus refers to an agrarian or servile structure, an interpretation which seems doubtful. The collegium from the ager Aequiculorum
was more likely to be the owner of a little piece of land, used for funerary and convivial activities. Indeed, the epigraphic descriptions of both funerary gardens and collegial spaces present great similarity with the landscape where the collegiati of the ager Aequiculorum could have taken place.
Quelques officiales, entre Lyon et Rome
Authors: Bérard François 
Published: July 2011

A new examination of two frumentarii careers, usually assigned to the Gallia Lugdunensis
governor’s officium. But their title of frumentarius Aug(usti) rather suggests to report them to the
numerus frumentariorum quartered in Rome, in the Caelius castra peregrina: Aur(elius) Secundinius Donatus, who became later commentariensis in Lyon (CIL, XIII, 1771), and Victorius Sabinus, detached in the province of Thracia, where his epitaph has been found (IGRR, III, 80 = ILS,
9476 = M. H. Sayar, Perinthos-Herakleia, 80).
Efficacy and Safety of CH-1504, a Metabolically Stable Antifolate, in Patients with Active Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results of a Phase II Multicenter Randomized Study
Authors: KEYSTONE EDWARD C. , SHIRINSKY VALERY S. , SIMON LEE S. , PEDDER SIMON , HEWITT L. ARTHUR ,   the CH-1504 Study Group
Published: July 2011

Objective.To investigate the potential efficacy, safety, and tolerability of daily use of CH-1504 in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). US National Institutes of Health database no. NCT00658047.Methods.In our phase II randomized double-blind double-dummy study, patients naive to methotrexate (MTX; n = 201) and having moderate to severe RA received either CH-1504 (0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, or 1.0 mg once-daily oral doses) or MTX (titrated to 20.0 mg once-weekly oral doses). All received weekly 10-mg folate supplementation. Efficacy and safety were assessed at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, with a treatment-free followup at 16 weeks. Safety and tolerability were assessed. Primary efficacy endpoint was proportion of patients achieving ACR20 response at Week 12. Secondary endpoints included difference from baseline in the 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28) and individual components of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) composite index.Results.Demographic characteristics were similar in all treatment groups: mean age 54.3 ± 11.4 years, female sex 87%, mean baseline DAS28 6.6 ± 0.9. At Week 12, CH-1504 demonstrated comparable efficacy compared to MTX as measured by ACR20, DAS28, and ACR composite core-set measures, including tender and swollen joints. No dose-response relationship was observed. Adverse events across treatment groups were mild. Liver enzyme levels increased from baseline to Week 16 in the MTX group, with qualitatively lesser increases in the CH-1504 groups. Two patients in the MTX group withdrew because of gastrointestinal-related adverse events. CH-1504 appeared safe and well tolerated at all dose levels.Conclusion.CH-1504 has comparable efficacy to MTX and is safe and well tolerated. Metabolically stable antifolates are a promising therapeutic option that warrants further study.
Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drug Withdrawal in Patients with Stable Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: McKELLAR GAYLE E. , HAMPSON ROSEMARY , TIERNEY ANN , CAPELL HILARY A. , MADHOK RAJAN 
Published: July 2011

Objective.To evaluate the effect of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) withdrawal on blood pressure (BP), 44-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS44), and functional assessments in patients with stable rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods.NSAID was withdrawn from 30 patients with stable RA (DAS44 ≤ 2.8). Other prescribed medication continued. Clinical and laboratory measures were taken at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks.Results.No participants required NSAID reintroduction during the study period. Significant improvement in systolic BP was noted: maximal median reduction was 7 mm Hg (baseline to 12 weeks). There was no significant deterioration in DAS44 or function. Eleven participants required additional intervention.Conclusion.NSAID withdrawal resulted in improvement in BP without loss of disease control.