bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying a Two‐Stage System to Prioritize Riparian Restoration at the San Luis Rey River, San Diego County, California
Authors: Olson Craig , Harris Richard 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA two‐stage system for selecting stream reaches and riparian communities for restoration was applied to the 80‐km San Luis Rey River below the Lake Henshaw dam in southern California. In the first satge, data from topographic quadrangles and aerial photographs were analyzed to define and classiy reaches. These analyses concluded that (1) 28 km of the river and adjacent floodplain were suitable for second‐stage evaluation of restoration needs and (2) 32 km met criteria for reference conditions at the stream reach scale and should be protected from further impacts. The remaining 20 km of the river and floodplain were considered unsuitable for restoration to reach‐scale reference conditions; individual sites may be restored under existing regulatory review. Second‐stage field sampling provided data on vegetation and floodplain landforms and substrate from more thatn 3000 plots within the 28 km of river and 1120 ha of floodplain selected for further Study. Classification of floristic samples stratified by landform/substrate class indicated six primary riparian communities on the floodplain, some associated with particular floodplain landform/substrate classes and others ubiquitous. Reference conditions for these communities were interpreted from the data. There were two major departures from reference conditions: tree‐dominated communities were less extensive than historic levels and exotic plants had significantly invaded some landforms and communities, displacing natural com‐munities. General goals would include restoration of tree communities and removal of exotics, with further consideration of site‐specific objectives. The results included estimates of the areas by community type re‐quiring restoration. The approach was developed for streams in the semi‐arid western United States, but it may be adapted for use elsewhere.
The Role of GIS in Selecting Sites for Riparian Restoration Based on Hyderology and Land Use
Authors: Russell Gordon D. , Hawkins Charles P. , O'Neill Michael P. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSuccessful long‐term wetland restoration efforts require consideration of hydrology and currounding land use during the site selection process. This article describes an approach to initial site selection in the San Luis Rey River watershed in southern California that uses watershed‐level information on basin topography and land cover to rank the potential suitability of all sites within a watershed for either preservation of restoration. This approach requires the use of a geographic information system (GIS)to map relative wetness and land cover within a watershed. Relative potential wetness values were derived from U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 30‐m digital elevation models by calculating the flow that would potentially accumulate at all 30‐m × 30‐m pixels within the watershed. Land cover was derived from a Landsat scene covering the 1500 Km2 study area. We ranked sites (contiguous groups of pixels > 1 ha with similar land cover) in terms of their potential for restoration or preservation based on their wetness values (Iow, medium, and high), size, and proximity to existing riparian vegetation. Sites with medium or high wetness values and extant vegetation were identified as potential preservation sites. Agiricultural or barren sites with medium to high wetness were identified as potential restoration sites. Approximately 5500 ha (3.67% of the total watershed) were prioritized for preservation or resloration.
Classification and Mapping of Riparian Systems Using Airborne Multispectral Videography
Authors: Neale Christopher M. U. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAirborne multispectral videography has become a useful tool for classifying and mapping riparian vegetation because its spectral and digital format has high spatial resolution. This paper explains the processing steps and procedures required to use this type of spectral imagery for riparian vegetation classification and mapping. A description of the Utah State University airborne system is given, along with the image processing steps used for developing finalized products, because these are used in other articles in this volume. Examples of riparian applications using high‐resolution imagery are included.
Riparian Restoration: Current Status and the Reach to the Future
Authors: Landers Dixon H. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractNine Articles in the special issue of Restoration Ecology addrssing the subject of site selection for riparian restoration activities were critically examined for this review. The approaches described make significant and original contributions to the field of riparian restoration. All are interdisciplinary to some extent, often combining the fields of hydrology, geomorphology, and biology in the design of restorationss. A common component among the articles is that they take a broad view, if not a watershed view, of restoration site selection. The approaches can be generally descrobed as top‐down strategic approaches to siting restorations, as opposed to the more methods‐ and site‐driven bottom‐up, or tactical, approach. All the articles recognize the importance of developing endpoints related to the ecological function of riparian ecosystems. they succeed in their quest for these indicators of ecological function to varying degrees. The most common indica‐for used in these papers is riparian vegetation. Several additional elements of scientific investigation, if successfully pursued, could provide vital information and advance our understanding of riparian restoration: developing interdisciplinary approaches more fully; defining endpoints and reference conditions; implementing multiple scale approaches; viewing restorations as experimental ecosystem manipulations; developing a philosophy regarding exotic species; incorporating geographic information systems more often; and integrating science, society, and politics. the foundation provided by the contributions in this issue should provide a strong basis for the rapid advancement of future research in the area of riparian restoration.
The Importance of Board Quality in the Event of a CEO Death
Authors: Borokhovich Kenneth A. , Brunarski Kelly R. , Donahue Maura S. , Harman Yvette S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe examine board quality and executive replacement decisions around deaths of senior executives. Stock price reactions to executive deaths are positively related to board independence. Controlling for such factors as the deceased's stockholdings, outside blockholdings, board size, and whether the deceased was a founder, board independence is the most significant factor explaining abnormal returns. Board independence is particularly important when there is no apparent successor and firm performance is poor. The results are consistent with independent boards being reluctant to discipline poorly performing incumbent managers, but nevertheless using the opportunity of an executive death to improve the quality of management.
Comment réorganiser le réseau postal suisse? Une application de l'aide à la décision territoriale
Authors: JOERIN FLORENT , BOZOVIC GORAN 
Published: August 2010

How to reorganize the Swiss postal network? A case study of spatial decision making‐support. This article presents a case study of spatial decision making‐support in relation to the Swiss Post and its efforts to reorganize the postal network in eight Swiss cities. The first part of the article describes the methodology and highlights selected original elements used in the processing of geographic information (spatial analysis and multi‐criteria analysis). The second part, more analytical, examines the process used to apply the method defined in the previous section. Based on a constructivist approach of decision‐support, it explores the modes of interaction between available information and decision makers. The analysis shows that the decision maker is relatively difficult to identify since the decision making process includes a set of partial and dependent decisions that are taken by a diversity of people. In conclusion, geographic information played an important role, not only on the decision, but mainly in allowing decision makers to better understand spatial complexity
La dynamique spatiale des marchés locaux de l'emploi au sein du champ métropolitain de Québec, 1981–2001
Authors: BARBONNE RÉMY , VILLENEUVE PAUL , THÉRIAULT MARIUS 
Published: August 2010

Spatial Dynamics of Local Labour Markets in the Québec City Metropolitan Field, 1981–2001This research analyzes the spatial dynamics (from 1981 to 2001) of local labour markets at an infra‐regional scale, namely the Québec metropolitan field, with particular emphasis on interactions between the metropolitan region and its hinterland. It seeks to better understand the factors underlying this evolution. Centrographic analyses were performed to characterize the evolution of the spatial configuration of local labour markets (displacement of gravity centre, shape change, evolution of dispersion indices and of workforce preferential distribution axes). Between 1981 and 2001, almost all employment poles experienced an increase in the mean‐distance tied to their recruitment area, that being particularly true for peri‐metropolitan poles which employ an increasing part of their workforce inside the metropolitan labour basin, where a more qualified and diversified labour force is available; thus, giving rise to significant reverse commuting. In addition to the influence of distance to metropolitan area, a multiple regression model shows that factors such as manufacturing specialization and employment growth within job centres also play a crucial role in the spatial dynamics of local labour markets in the Québec City metropolitan field.
VARIATION OF FRICTIONAL RESISTANCE OF SHJPS WITH CONDITION OF WETTED SURFACE
Authors: McEntee William 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT.Considering that frictional resistance is the most important element in the resistance of practically all ships, it is noteworthy that investigations of conditions affecting it have been relatively few. Although there have been many attempts made to reduce this resistance by different methods and there are many references made to its increase from fouling, there appear to be relatively little actual data as to the quantitative variations obtained. The results here given are based on a series of tests made at the United States Experimental Model Basin during a period extending somewhat over a year.In considering this general subject two queries naturally arise: (1) On actual ships, what is the increase in resistance due to fouling? (2) Is it possible to reduce the frictional resistance by modifications in the condition of the frictional surface, or by the application of materials which would tend to make the surface smoother?
SOUND AND VIBRATION IN MARINE GEARING, A CONTINUATION
Authors: Kuhns Austin 
Published: August 2010

This article is the second by Mr. Kuhns dealing with the problem of noise production in marine gearing, and its control. It should be read as a companion piece of the first which appeared in the August, 1937, issue of the Journal.In the introduction to the first article, it was explained that the acuteness of the noise problem brought about by the use of higher steam pressures, higher machinery speeds, and more compact machinery layouts in marine installations, is causing the most earnest study of it by all machinery designers and operators. Mr. Kuhns' long association with marine gear manufacture permits him to speak with authority on the subject.The first article contained a statement of the problem, and a general discussion of the methods and apparatus at hand to combat it. This article follows up with a study of the data which was taken in specific cases, and draws certain conclusions which may be incorporated in future design. The Farrel‐Birmingham Company is to be congratulated on the progressive steps it has taken in the attempt to clarify and isolate the confusing factors which so often combine to turn a normal gear assembly into an irritating noise‐maker.
A METHOD FOR DETERMINING PROPER PITCH FOR THE INBOARD AND OUTBOARD PROPELLERS ON A FOUR SCREW SHIP
Authors: Labberton J. M. 
Published: August 2010

While it has been known for many years that with identical propellers, the outboard screws of a four screw ship turn faster than the inboard screws, and that there is in consequence an unbalance on the power demand for the different shafts, it is only recently that the question of balancing the power demand on the four shafts has become interesting to marine designers. The desirability of doing this must be carefully weighed against the obvious advantage of having all propellers to the same diameter and pitch because of the expense of spares, but if after such consideration, a balance is still desired, the author deduces a method for modifying the pitch ratios.Those who are familiar with Mr. Labberton's contributions to gear and propeller design will be interested to know that he has recently severed his connection with the Design Division of the Bureau of Engineering to assume the duties of Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering at New York University.
A SHORT HISTORY OF THE NAVAL USE OF FUEL OIL. PART IV
Authors: Hamilton James E. 
Published: August 2010

In 1933, while occupying the Fuel Oil desk in the Bureau of Engineering, Navy Department, the author began the preparation of a short history of the use of fuel oil in the Navy. It was arranged chronologically and published serially in the JOURNAL. The first three parts covered the following periods:Part I, August, 1933.I—Prior to 1902—Dabbling.II—1902 to 1904—The Navy Liquid Fuel Board.III—1904 to 1910—Early Application.Part II, November, 1933.Part IV, 1910 to 1916 — The Rise of Oil.Part III, February, 1935.V—1917 to 1919—The War Period.During the preparation of Part IV, the author was detached from the Bureau. The duty which followed was of such a nature that the work had to be suspended. In picking up the thread of the history after a lapse of three years, the conclusion was reached that justice to the subject demanded broad consideration of the post‐war period. This period saw more change and important development than had any previous one, particularly as afecting the present and the near future.Thus, the sixth period will be extended to embrace the years from 1920 to 1934. It will be published serially in four issues of the JOURNAL as Parts IV, V, VI, and VII of the History. The author will continue his original plan in discussing this period under six subheads.

Utilization. This covers the mechanical features of handling and burning oil. It is strictly an engineering subject. The details are beyond the scope of this series and the subject will be described in a general way only.
Quality. This has to do with the characteristics of the oil and the specifications covering its purchase. It also will be described in a general way only.
Application. This covers the general methods by which the use of fuel oil has been and is applied to vessels of various types.
Source. This covers the natural resources of petroleum and possible substitute or replacement materials; their location, control, and Naval value.
Supply. This covers the events between the removal of the petroleum from its source and its acquisition by the Navy.
Distribution. This covers the events between the acquisition of the fuel oil and and its bunkering on board Naval vessels.

In this issue, after a short introduction to the period, subhead I on Utilization is presented.
A SHORT HISTORY OF THE NAVAL USE OF FUEL OIL. PART V
Authors: Hamilton James E. 
Published: August 2010

There is a popular tendency to regard fuel oil as a by‐product left over after all special components have been removed from the crude. In the early nineteen‐twenties such oil might have been acceptable with, perhaps, a modicum of blending. Thereafter, the increased use of petroleum products stimulated production techniques to obtain a greater yield of lighter grades. Fuel oil as a byproduct became inferior.The author in this part of his history covers the period from 1920 to 1934 under the subheads “Quality” and “Application.” He discusses the post‐war efforts to maintain good quality fuel oil. In spite of obstacles, these efforts combined with commercial impulses to encourage technical studies. The technique of processing petroleum improved at an accelerating rate. In the future we may find that “by‐products” no longer exist among the component parts of crude oil.
CALORIFIC VALUE‐GRAVITY RELATIONSHIP OF FUEL OILS
Authors: Beck Cyrus 
Published: August 2010

Several formulas have been presented representing the relationship between the calorific value of fuel oils and their gravities. No formula has yet been offered that well apply to all types of fuel oils. A given equation will, of course, fit best the type of oil for which it was deduced.The BTU/lb.‐API degree at 60 degrees F. relationship of fuel oils of interest to the United States Navy, the group of oils satisfying Navy specifications, has been determined periodically.The original Naval Boiler Laboratory BTU‐API formula was derived in 1933 front 49 oils, the 1935 formula from 50 oils. A new formula has been deduced from a study of all the oils delivered to the Naval Boiler Laboratory from June 1, 1935, to October 1, 1938. Two hundred and sixty‐six (266) fuel oils were consideredx or more than five times as many as were used in deducing the two carlier equations. This gives added weight to the new formula presented by the author.
THE RATING OF ELECTRICAL MACHINERY
Authors: Lunsford Jesse B. 
Published: August 2010

The author predicts the possibility of saving one‐half the weight of shipboard electrical machinery, the saving of weight being accompanied by a saving in cost.This article is the first of a series of four which delineate a plan for the development of lightweight electrical machinery. The steps recommended are similar to those the author used most successfully in guiding the development of heat and flame resisting cable. He proposes that obsolescent methods of electrical machinery design must be enlivened; that recent improvements in insulating materials have not been fully utilized. He bases his diagnosis on the exposure of present design standards and suggests better yardsticks together with cooperative endeavor.SummaryMuch progress has been made within the past 20 years in the production of improved forms of electrical insulation. Not as much has been done in its actual utilization. What are some of the problems here, and what might be some of the fruits of experimentation? The answers to some of the questions could be very useful. How is the best way to ask questions and how do you know if an answer is the answer? Much depends upon how the questions are asked. This is one approach, one how. Do we hear another ?
THE BEHAVIOR OF NICKEL COPPER ALLOYS IN SEA WATER
Authors: LAQUE. F. L. 
Published: August 2010

The author presents a most complete work relative to corrosion of nickel‐copper and copper‐nickel alloys. The subject is handled in such a manner as to avoid controversial matters and proper emphasis has been given to the several factors which must be considered in selecting a particular alloy for a definite purpose.The article contains something new in describing the resistance of certain alloys to edge corrosion and also the rather definite conclusions relative to the copper content of alloys necessary to resist fouling.SUMMARYThe data which have been presented were chosen to illustrate in as general a way as possible the outstanding characteristics of nickel copper alloys with respect to their behavior in sea water. In applying such data to the choice of an alloy for a particular purpose, it is necessary, as was pointed out previously, to consider as well such factors as physical and mechanical properties, availability in the required forms, cost and practical experience. Experience tends in time to integrate all the important factors and for this reason there is appended in Table 14 a list of practical applications of the nickel copper alloys—Monel, 70:30 copper nickel and nickel silver—which have been used most extensively in marine engineering. It is hoped that this list will serve as a useful guide to the choice of the proper alloy for specific purposes.
EVALUATING WELDING ELECTRODES
Authors: DUMA JOSEPH A. 
Published: August 2010

The author presents data collected to discover the physical and chemical properties of good welding electrodes and to provide material for discovering a quantitative formula for evaluating electrode qualities. In the text he describes how the data yielded the results desired.Summary

The history of the progress of electrode technology has been one of increasingly higher realization of ductility through elimination of deleterious gases. Bare wire welding had realized approximately one‐sixth of the potential ductility inherently resident in weld metal; cellulose‐covered electrodes, by a drastic reduction of oxygen and nitrogen in the deposit, have wrested one‐third to one‐half of the inherent value. It appears that the next probable advance in this direction will be an all‐position electrode emitting an irreducible minimum of hydrogen.
EXPERIMENTAL HIGHLIGHTS OF VISUAL EXPERIMENTATION WITH CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
Authors: Cooper Howard L. 
Published: August 2010

Our present national emergency accentuates the necessity of utilizing to the greatest practical extent experimental developments in all fields. This same impetus should encourage further experimental investigation, ever advancing the perfection of our works and enriching our knowledge. Only through diligent collective cooperation may we bring our national program to a successful conclusion. As a reward, we hope to achieve the perpetuation of our manner of living, enhanced by an elevated standard of living, or more and better goods for more people, with the satisfaction of a job well done.The ensuing paper presents a descriptive discussion of some of the experimental work carried out by the author while with the U.S.E.D. during the years 1986 and 1967. It concerns a fact‐finding model study in connection with a 28‐inch dredge pump. This type of pump has given excellent service on various government projects.The discussion is developed for the purpose of acquainting the reader with the high lights of visual experimental work and points out possible applications in other fields. For the sake of brevity and compactness, it will be necessary to condense the description of the more common test equipment. This is facilitated by the use of photographs demonstrating general layouts.
THE INFLUENCE OF CORROSION ON PROPELLER SHAFT MAINTENANCE
Authors: Setz H. L. 
Published: August 2010

In light of our present national emergency, we realize the prime necessity of utilizing every available means to coordinate our maintenance program to meet performance standards of our equipment with the least possible additional load on repair and replacement facilities.With the work loads of propulsion and auxiliary machinery manufacturers increasing daily, the procurement of spare parts presents a problem of growing complexity. This is especially true in respect to parts such as propeller shafts, whose large proportion require relatively long periods of time to complete the manufacturing operations. As facilities for this type of work are limited, serious delays in delivery may be experienced should an emergency arise, requiring extensive and immediate replacements.