bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishment of Transient and Stable Gene Transformation Systems in Medicinal Woody Plant Acanthopanax senticosus
Authors: Liu Huan , Sun panpan , Gao xinglei , Tang zhonghua , Fan guizhi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background: Transient and stable gene transformation systems play a crucial role in elucidating gene functions and driving genetic improvement in plants. However, their application in medicinal woody plants has been hampered by inefficient procedures for isolating protoplasts and regenerating plant in vitro.
Results: Embryogenic callus protoplast isolation and transient transformation system were successfully established, the highest yield of protoplasts was achieved at approximately 1.88×106 cells per gram with a viability of 90% under the combination of 1.5% cellulase and 0.2% lysozyme, with enzymatic digestion for 6 h in darkness followed by centrifugation at 400×g for 5 min. The transient transfection rate of protoplast reached 45.56% at a PEG 4000 concentration of 40%, a transfection time of 40 min, 16 h of dark incubation, a plasmid concentration of 1.5 ng·μL-1, and a heat shock of 25 min at 45°C. Additionally, 15 Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated GUS-positive seedlings were obtained through the somatic embryogenetic pathway under the optimized conditions.
Conclusion: This study successfully established both transient and stable genetic transformation systems, paving the way for future molecular biology research in A. senticosus.
Characterization of Leachate and assessment of groundwater contamination near Shivri landfill site, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh (India)
Authors: Singh Vishvanath Pratap , Patel Prabhat Kumar 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The sampling of leachate and groundwater was done from the Shivri landfill site and waste management facility and its nearby area to analyze the infiltration of leachate and its possible contaminating effect on the groundwater quality. The testing of the groundwater and leachate sample was done to know about the various physical and chemical parameters which also include heavy metals concentration in the leachate sample and groundwater samples. Some of the heavy metals tested for their presence were Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Fe. Very low concentrations of other ions such as Cl−, SO42−, NO3−, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zinc, and Iron are detected in the groundwater sample which shows that there was no effect of leachate on the surrounding groundwater because of the good leachate collection system of the landfill site. A slightly higher concentration of TDS, COD, Alkalinity, and TH was not enough to link it to the leachate percolation also there was not any noticeable effect of change in distance on various water quality parameters except Cr which was only detected at the sampling location 1. The overall gist of the study was that there was not any leachate contamination in the groundwater and almost all of the parameters of groundwater were observed in the range suitable for drinking purposes. Since the landfill site was already an engineered site and there was not any sign of leachate contamination so there was no point in suggesting remedial measures. Hence the present study shows no impact on groundwater due to the Shivri landfill site.
Using Realistic Images for Plant Classification and Effect on Classification Difficulty
Authors: Ashqer Yaqeen Salatneh , Bikdash Marwan , Liang Chyi Lyi (Kathleen) 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

We proposed a hybrid computer-vision framework that distinguishes different plant species (such as radish and weeds) that combines machine learning methods (such as Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF) classifiers) with application-specific features and image processing methods such as our own plant leaf isolation algorithm. The designed features include geometrical features that are sensitive to plant shape, as well as moment- invariant and texture features. The accuracy obtained using the combination of the designed features, and the isolation algorithm was 81.1% using SVM and 88.4% using Random Forest. We used 10-fold cross-validation to illustrate the importance of designing and selecting good features. We compared our designs with generic deep neural networks. We also compared our features with other features, such as SURF features classification, and our methods were more robust and produced better results. Throughout, we used realistic images obtained in the field, where the quality of the images depends on many factors such as lighting, seasons, occlusions, etc. We therefore include a careful discussion of the difficulty of classification problems and its dependence on the quality of images, and we propose computable definitions of problem difficulty, robustness, level of corruption, and degree of performance degradation due to corruption in the context of precision agriculture.
Synthesis of MIPs@H 2 S nanoparticle adsorbent for the specific adsorption of hazardous hydrogen sulfide gas: Approach to optimization
Authors: Moradirad Rohadin , Mahabadi Hassan Asilian , Shahtaheri Seyed Jamaleddin , Rashidi Alimorad 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas has long been challenging for the gas industry due to its toxicity, corrosiveness, and high concentration. Various physical and chemical methods have been studied to remove sulfur contamination. Among these various methods, the selective adsorption process has been considered a suitable desulfurization process mainly due to its energy consumption, low cost, and high efficiency. Therefore, with high adsorption capacity, fast mass transfer, and easy regeneration, surface imprinting polymerizations (SIPs) is a very efficient method for producing molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). Based on the Taguchi design method, the optimum polymerization conditions with signal-to-noise ratio, template molecule (H2O), cross-linking agent (EGDMA), and molar ratio of functional monomer (MAA) 2:15:2.5, volume ratio of acetonitrile/ethyl acetate 1:9, primer was 75 and polymerization time was 24 hours. The volumetric method equation was used to determine the total amount of gas adsorbed. A better fit of the kinetic curve for the molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs)/ Non-imprinted polymers (NIPs) adsorbent was obtained using the Langmuir equation and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The selectivity test results demonstrated the efficient adsorption and desorption capacity of MIPs@H2S. FE-SEM and BET showed that MIPs have a more specific surface area and a more multiporous structure than NIPs, which facilitates the adsorption of H2S.
FTIR, XRD, EDX with SEM Spectroscopic Studies on Sedimentary Rocks of Bodamalai Hills, South India
Authors: Krishnan Surendar , P Rajkumar 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The sedimentary rocks are posses’ bunch amount of Minerals and Elements. Most of the Eastern Ghats were not much prevalence by Anthropogenic. These Natural Rock sediments undergone through proper investigation by spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR, XRD and EDX with SEM are used to identify the Minerals and Elements. The Bodamalai hill is the part of Eastern Ghats, it is formed sedimentary rock samples have been carried out by these spectroscopic techniques to delineate the identification of Minerals and Elements through The Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) technique has been carried out to identify the minerals and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis is made for confirmation of identified minerals such as Quartz, Brunwigite, Calcite, Cristobalite, Gibbsite, Goethite, Halloysite, Hectorite, Illite, Kaolinite, Lepidocrocite, Microline Feldspar, Montmorillonite, Nacrite, Organic Compound, Palygorskite, Sepiolite, and Siderite are identified. The minerals were identified with help of available literature from IR absorption band of location of different peaks. The relative distribution of Quartz, Kaolinite and Felspar, Extinction coefficient, Crystallinity index and the Nature of Crystallinity are also discussed. This study demonstrates the Nature of Crystallinity, which was calculated by Crystalline Index of the Rock cementation in elevation wise from Top to Bottom are discussed.
MICP treated sand: Insights into the impact of particle size on mechanical parameters and pore network after biocementation
Authors: Erdmann Niklas , Schaefer Susanne , Simon Torben , Becker Andreas , Bröckel Ulrich , Strieth Dorina 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Microbiologically Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation (MICP) is a technology for improving soil characteristics, especially strength, that has been gaining increasing interest in literature during the last few years. Although a lot of influencing factors on the result of MICP are known, particle size and shape of the particles remain poorly understood. While destructive measuring of compressive strength or calcium carbonate content are important for the characterization of samples these methods give no insight into the internal structures and pore networks of the samples. X-ray microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) is a technique that is used to characterize the internals of rocks and to a certain degree MICP-treated soils. However, the impact of filtering and image processing of micro-CT Data depending on the type of MICP sample is poorly described in the literature. In this study, single fractions of local quarry were treated with MICP through the ureolytic microorganism Sporosarcina pasteurii to investigate the influence of particle size distribution on calcium carbonate content, unconfined compressive strength and the reduction of water permeability. Additionally, micro-CT was conducted to obtain insights into the resulting pore system. The impact of the Gauss filter und Non-local means filter on the resulting images and data on the pore network are discussed. The results show that particle size has a significant impact on the result of all tested parameters of biosandstone with lower particle size leading to higher strength and generally higher calcium carbonate content. Micro-CT data showed that the technology is feasible to gain valuable insights into the internal structures of biosandstone but the resolution and signal-to-noise ratio remain challenging, especially for samples with particle sizes smaller than 125 µm..
The Effect of Preoperative, Single Dose Steroid on Hemorrhoidectomy
Authors: Gülen Merter , Emral Ahmet Cihangir , Ege Bahadır 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The aim of our study is to observe the effect of preoperative, single, high dose (0.2mg/kg) dexamethasone in terms of postoperative pain, postoperative analgesic need and short-term complication development in patients undergoing hemorrhoidectomy.
Methods
In our hospital, between January 2023 and October 2023 who met the study criteria were included in the study. Demographic and operational information of the patients, VAS values, complications if developed, and the amount of analgesic used (mg) were examined retrospectively from prospectively filled examination forms. Patients who were administered preoperative dexamethasone were examined as group S, and patients who were not administered preoperative dexamethasone were examined as group P.
Results
A total of 160 patients, 99 in the P group and 61 in the S group, were included in the study. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age and removed hemorrhoidal packages (p > 0.05). Although no significant difference was observed in the preoperative VAS scores (p = 0.9) of the patients, postoperative (12th hour, 1st day and 5th day) VAS values were found to be statistically significantly lower in the S group (p < 0.001). When we looked at the analgesic usage amounts (mg) of the patients in the first 5 postoperative days, it was seen that a statistically significant small amount of analgesic was used in the S group (p < 0.001). When we compared the groups in terms of postoperative complications, no statistically significant difference was observed (p = 0.4).
Conclusions
Preoperative single high-dose steroid use can be safely applied in terms of pain control and less analgesic need after hemorrhoidectomy.
Socioeconomic variation in early sexual debut among female adolescents in Bangladesh: Trend and decomposition analysis of 2011– 2017 Demographic and Health Survey data
Authors: Hossain Md. Aslam , Islam Md Kamrul , Saha Bristi Rani , Islam A. M. Mujahidul , Rahman Md. Ashfikur 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Female adolescent sexual behavior, particularly early sexual debut (ESD), poses significant risks and has garnered attention from researchers and society. While various factors influencing early sexual initiation have been studied, including socioeconomic disparities. This study examines the socioeconomic variation in ESD among female adolescents aged 15 to 19 in Bangladesh.
Methods
This research examines information gathered from three Bangladeshi Demographic and Health Survey data sets from 2011–2017. Researchers employed chi-square tests to identify relationships between categorical variables and logistic regression to pinpoint factors associated with ESD. To assess the socio-economic variation of ESD, the analysis utilized concentration curves, concentration indices, and decomposition techniques.
Results
Our study revealed that female adolescents’ age, adolescents from Rajshahi, Chittagong, Rangpur, Barisal, and Dhaka regions, who shared the toilet with other households, who were overweight, who preferred to marry earlier or later, who did not know about sexually transmitted infections, and who used contraceptives were more prone to experience ESD, with statistically notable findings (p < 0.05). In addition, adolescent females who were not Muslim and who pursued higher education were less likely to experience ESD. Further analysis of socioeconomic disparities using concentration curves showed poorer female adolescents had a higher incidence of ESD (CCI = -0.1001, p < 0.001). Decomposition of this inequality revealed that a female adolescent's education level was the largest contributor (48.81%) to the observed disparities, followed by knowledge of sexually transmitted infection (20.66%), adolescent's current age (17.78%), toilet shared with other households (7.55%), preferring to marry time (6.85%), and in the administrative region where female adolescents live (5.09%).
Conclusions
These findings highlight the complex interplay of socio-demographic factors in shaping adolescent sexual behaviors in Bangladesh. Targeted interventions addressing regional disparities, improving access to education and resources, and promoting reproductive health education will help to prevent ESD among female adolescents in Bangladesh.
Climate change and the variability in community structure of Alpine Lepidoptera: unstable spring and fuzzy autumn
Authors: Ulrich Werner , Schmitt Thomas , Gros Patrick , Habel Jan Christian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The current increase in annual temperatures is altering spatial distribution and timing of activity patterns, i.e. phenology, of many animal and plant species. Theory predicts consequences of altered phenology at the community level and possible mismatches within food chains. We inferred temporal changes in Lepidoptera phenology in a mountainous region of northern Austria under climate change and their implications for community structure and stability. Long-term records (1990‒2022) representing 110,794 records of 1838 Lepidoptera species at two altitudinal belts served to assess annual phenologies at a weekly resolution. We calculated the shifts in community structure from Sørensen and Spearman rank order similarities and quantified respective temporal trends in similarity across the study period from linear and polynomic models. The observed temporal trends towards earlier appearance in spring and prolonged activity in autumn caused significant trends towards community disassembly at lower altitudes throughout the vegetation period. These trends were most pronounced in summer and regard both, community composition and dominance hierarchy. At higher altitudes, trends towards community disassembly were less visible throughout the vegetation period. Community disassembly alters food web structures and affect species interactions, particularly pollination and possibly insect and plant diversity. Further studies need to assess the long-term effects of community disassembly on Alpine ecosystem functioning.
Molecular detection and genetic diversity of potyviruses in Allium spp. in the Marmara Region of Türkiye and determination of onion and garlic genotypes’ reactions to Onion yellow dwarf virus
Authors: ŞAFAK Fatma , KÖKLÜ Gassan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Garlic (Allium sativum L.), onion (Allium cepa L.), and leek (Allium porrum L.) are widely distributed in the Marmara region of Türkiye. Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV) and Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) are two of the most significant viral pathogens impacting the cultivation of edible Allium plants worldwide, leading to substantial economic losses. To assess the prevalence of these viruses, leaves from onion, garlic, and leek plants were collected from 778 plants across production fields in the Marmara region (Bursa, Edirne, Kocaeli, Kırklareli, Sakarya, and Tekirdağ). Samples were tested for the presence of OYDV and LYSV by ELISA and RT-PCR. Of the samples analyzed, 175 were found positive for OYDV, 79 for LYSV, and 21 showed mixed infection with both viruses. Successful amplification of specific gene regions (NIb-CP for Onion yellow dwarf virus and CP for Leek yellow stripe virus) was achieved using specific primers. Sequence analysis revealed that the LYSV and OYDV isolates obtained in this study exhibited identities ranging from 84.6–98.1% and 74.1–99.8% with sequences available in GenBank, respectively. Additionally, the reactions of the genotypes to OYDV were also investigated. OYDV isolate TR-OK64 (OR923732) from Bursa was inoculated into 6 garlic and 15 onion genotypes sourced from the Atatürk Horticultural Central Research Institute. Statistical analyses conducted using JMP Pro 13 revealed infected plants' reductions in leaf length, bulb height, bulb width and bulb mass.
Combination of Modest Dosage of Bevacizumab with TAS-102 Provided the Comparable Efficacy in Treating Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Tseng Kuan-Yu , Yang Mu-Ying , Chen Wei-Shone , Jiang Jeng-Kai , Wang Huann-Sheng , Chang Shih-Ching , Lan Yuan-Tzu , Lin Chun-Chi , Lin Hung-Hsin , Huang Sheng-Chieh , Cheng Hou-Hsuan , Lin Yu-Zu , Chang Che-Yuan , Yang Yi-Wen , Teng Hao-Wei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Given that the combination of bevacizumab and TAS-102 is used to treat refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of modest doses of bevacizumab in combination with TAS-102 for the treatment of refractory mCRC.
Methods
In total, 261 patients with refractory mCRC were enrolled and categorized into two groups: TAS-102 combined with bevacizumab and TAS-102 alone. In the bevacizumab combination group, patients were further divided into two subgroups based on a median dose of 3.3 mg/kg. Categorical variables were compared using the chi-squared or Fisher’s exact tests, and continuous variables were assessed using the t-test. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to adjust for covariates. Survival analysis was performed using the log-rank test and Kaplan–Meier curves. Specific survival was evaluated using Restricted Mean Survival Time (RMST) and landmark analysis.
Result
The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.7 months in the TAS-102combined with bevacizumab group, and 2.2 months in the group without bevacizumab, showing statistical significance in favor of bevacizumab combination group (P = 0.004). The median overall survival (OS) was 9.4 months in the bevacizumab combination group and 10.3 months in the group that did not receive combination therapy. A survival benefit was observed within 9.5 months in both the RMST and landmark analyses. However, no long-term OS benefit was evident, regardless of bevacizumab combination (P = 0.248).
Conclusion
The modest doses of bevacizumab and TAS-102 provided comparable efficacy to the standard dose schedule, especially within a limited timeframe of 9.5 months.
Development of pomegranate peel extract amalgamated ternary hydrogel with synergistic antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia Coli (E.Coli)
Authors: Andlib Huma , Shafiq Muhammad , Sabir Aneela 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

This study generated and assessed a series of novel combinations made of chitosan (CS), poly (vinyl pyrolidine (PVP) and guar gum (GG). By using a casting solution approach several combinations were synthesized by keeping constant CS, GG and PVP with various concentrations of crosslinker while pomegranate extract concentration was kept constant. The study also looked at the blends behaviour when they swelled and their antibacterial qualities. Significant antibacterial action was shown by the produced blends against microorganisms including, Escherichia coli due to presence of pomegranate extract. In the fabricated hydrogel the polymers strong intermolecular bonds were confirmed by FTIR. The blends swelling behaviour revealed that crosslinking(γ-APTES) had an impact on their hydrophilicity, CPG 4 showing outstanding swelling time. The information gathered from all characterization suggests that ternary novel pH sensitive hydrogel of Guar gum, CS, and PVP have the potential to be used as drug carrier as well as could be used for other biological applications like for wound healing due to its incredible antibacterial response.
Autophagy and inflammasome molecular interplay and activation predict poor response to FLT3 inhibitors in patients with FLT3-ITD acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: de Macedo Brunno Gilberto Santos , de Melo Manuela Albuquerque , Pereira-Martins Diego Antonio , Machado-Neto João Agostinho , Traina Fabíola 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Beyond its clinical diversity and severity, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is known for its complex molecular background and for rewiring biological processes to aid disease onset and maintenance. FLT3 mutations are among the most recurring molecular entities that cooperatively drive AML, and their inhibition is a critical molecularly oriented therapeutic strategy. Despite being a promising avenue, it still faces challenges such as intrinsic and acquired drug resistance, which led us to investigate whether and how autophagy and inflammasome interact and whether this interaction could be leveraged to enhance FLT3 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy. We observed a strong and positive correlation between the expression of key genes associated with autophagy and the inflammasome. Gene set enrichment analysis of the FLT3-ITD samples and their ex vivo response to five different FLT3 inhibitors revealed a common molecular signature compatible with autophagy and inflammasome activation across all poor responders. Inflammasome activation was also shown to strongly increase the likelihood of a poor ex vivo response to the FLT3 inhibitors quizartinib and sorafenib. These findings reveal a distinct molecular pattern within FLT3-ITD AML samples that underscores the necessity for further exploration into how approaching these supportive parallel yet altered pathways could improve therapeutic strategies.