bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Occupational Therapy Practice Checklist for Adult Physical Rehabilitation
Authors: Huebner Ruth A. , Custer Melba G. , Freudenberger Linda , Nichols Laurie 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. Although the practice of occupational therapy is described in textbooks, research, and professional standards, a tool for outcomes research is needed.
METHOD. The Occupational Therapy Practice Checklist (OTPC), based on the Model of Occupational Performance (Pedretti, 1996), includes domains of adjunctive, enabling, purposeful, and occupational performance. Practices are also identified by phase of therapy (early, middle, late). The OTPC was piloted with 40 adults in an outpatient physical rehabilitation center.
RESULTS. The Kuder Richardson 20 coefficient of internal consistency was .91. Practices on the OTPC discriminated between clients with and without neurological disorders.
CONCLUSION. The OTPC has potential for yielding knowledge about occupational therapy practice. Results of the pilot show that occupational therapy practice was not linear, as theorized, but rather a complex integration of techniques.
Validity of the Cognitive Behavioral Driver’s Inventory in Predicting Driving Outcome
Authors: Bouillon Louise , Mazer Barbara , Gelinas Isabelle 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This study seeks to (a) compare Cognitive Behavioral Driver’s Inventory (CBDI) scores for clients who passed and failed a driving evaluation and for diagnostic groups (left cerebrovascular accident [CVA], right CVA, traumatic brain injury [TBI], and cognitive decline); (b) determine sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the CBDI; (c) compare validity of the CBDI with other tools; and (d) identify factors associated with outcome.
PARTICIPANTS. This historical cohort study included clients with neurological conditions who completed a driving evaluation.
MEASURES. CBDI, Motor-Free Visual Perception Test (MVPT), Bells test, and driving results were extracted from the charts.
RESULTS. Mean CBDI (p &lt; 0.0001) and MVPT (p &lt; 0.0001) scores were significantly worse for those failing compared to passing the driving evaluation. Sensitivity of the CBDI was 62%, specificity was 81%, positive predictive values were 73%, and negative predictive values were 71%. Results varied according to diagnostic group.
CONCLUSIONS. The CBDI is not sufficiently predictive of outcome to replace a driving evaluation, and is predictive only for clients with R-CVA and TBI. Evaluation of driving should vary according to diagnosis.
Maternal Attitudes and Self-Definition as Related to Perceptions of Infant Temperament
Authors: Pizur-Barnekow Kris 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Maternal childbearing attitudes and self-definition as related to maternal perceptions of infant temperament were investigated in a pilot study. Maternal attitudes, self-definition, and perceptions of infant temperament were determined through mothers’ self-report. Results indicated that maternal attitudes—including self-confidence and feelings toward infants and children—were positively related to maternal perceptions of infant temperament. That is, mothers who reported low self-confidence and negative feelings toward infants and children in general also rated their infants’ temperament as more negative. In addition, maternal work experience involving children was inversely related to maternal perceptions of infant temperament, in that those mothers who had more work experience with children rated their infants as being more difficult. The findings are consistent with Sameroff’s transactional model of development (Sameroff & Chandler, 1975) wherein both the psychological and behavioral aspects of mother and infant create the milieu for further development.
Cross-Cultural Reproducibility of the Brazilian Portuguese Version of the Role Checklist for Persons With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Cordeiro Júnia R. , Camelier Aquiles , Oakley Frances , Jardim José R. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This article presents the results of a cross-cultural reproducibility and test–retest reliability study of a Brazilian version of the Role Checklist, in a population with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
METHODS. The English version was translated and culturally adapted into Brazilian Portuguese, then administered twice at a 2-week interval to a group of 25 clinically stable individuals with COPD.
RESULTS. Cross-cultural adaptation led to adjustments in some terms used in the checklist. Values obtained for kappa suggested moderate-to-substantial agreement for Part I and Part II. No statistically significant correlations were found between agreement and variables of gender, occupation, marital status, level of education, level of depression, or severity of bronchial obstruction.
CONCLUSION. The Brazilian Portuguese version of the Role Checklist was found content valid and reliable for persons with COPD and probably for the Brazilian population in general.
Splinting for Osteoarthritis of the Carpometacarpal Joint: A Review of the Evidence
Authors: Egan Mary Y. , Brousseau Lucie 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. Our objective was to review the evidence regarding the effectiveness of splinting for carpometacarpal osteoarthritis.
METHODS. A systematic review was conducted. Clinical considerations, occupational therapy exemplars, and further research questions were identified.
RESULTS. There was fair evidence for the effectiveness of splinting to relieve pain and improve function. There was no clear evidence of the superiority of one type of splint over another for pain relief, comfort, or function. Patient preference regarding type of splint varied.
CONCLUSIONS. Research to date indicates that splinting may help relieve pain in persons with carpometacarpal osteoarthritis. Further investigation is recommended using controlled methodology, more thorough reporting of outcomes, and tracking of analgesic use.
Interrater and Intrarater Reliability of the Assisting Hand Assessment
Authors: Holmefur Marie , Krumlinde-Sundholm Lena , Eliasson Ann-Christin 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The aim of this study was to evaluate interrater and intrarater reliability for the Assisting Hand Assessment.
METHOD. For interrater reliability, two designs were used: 2 occupational therapists rated the same 18 children, and 20 occupational therapists rated the same 8 children. For intrarater reliability, 20 raters each rated one child twice. Both English and Swedish versions of the instrument were used. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and standard error of measurement (SEM) were calculated.
RESULTS. ICCs for the sum score for the interrater were 0.98 (two raters) and 0.97 (20 raters) and for the intrarater 0.99. SEM was 1.5 for interrater and 1.2 for the intrarater study, which gave an error interval of ± 3 raw scores for interrater and ± 2.4 raw scores for intrarater.
CONCLUSION. This study shows excellent interrater and intrarater reliability for sum scores.
Factors Influencing the Use of Energy Conservation Strategies by Persons With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Holberg Christa , Finlayson Marcia 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. To examine the factors influencing the implementation and continued use of energy conservation strategies among persons with multiple sclerosis.
METHOD. A qualitative research design was used. Eight persons with multiple sclerosis who participated in a 6-week energy conservation educational course delivered by teleconference were interviewed using a semistructured, open-ended format. Participants were asked about their thoughts, feelings, and actions resulting from course participation. They also were engaged in a card-sort activity to promote discussion about using the energy conservation strategies. The data were analyzed thematically.
FINDINGS. Three themes directly addressed and interacted to enhance or hinder the use of energy conservation strategies: (1) experience with the disease, (2) sense of self, and (3) environmental factors. The fourth theme of education emphasized how participation in the educational course and use of the strategies afterward gave participants a new ability to manage their lives with multiple sclerosis.
PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. The findings of this study demonstrated that the use of energy conservation strategies is not dependent on a single factor but rather on complex, interrelated contextual factors.
Lessons Learned: A Pilot Study on Occupational Therapy Effectiveness for Children With Sensory Modulation Disorder
Authors: Miller Lucy Jane , Schoen Sarah A. , James Katherine , Schaaf Roseann C. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this pilot study was to prepare for a randomized controlled study of the effectiveness of occupational therapy using a sensory integration approach (OT-SI) with children who have sensory processing disorders (SPD).
METHOD. A one-group pretest, posttest design with 30 children was completed with a subset of children with SPD, those with sensory modulation disorder.
RESULTS. Lessons learned relate to (a) identifying a homogeneous sample with quantifiable inclusion criteria, (b) developing an intervention manual for study replication and a fidelity to treatment measure, (c) determining which outcomes are sensitive to change and relate to parents’ priorities, and (d) clarifying rigorous methodologies (e.g., blinded examiners, randomization, power).
CONCLUSION. A comprehensive program of research is needed, including multiple pilot studies to develop enough knowledge that high-quality effectiveness research in occupational therapy can be completed. Previous effectiveness studies in OT-SI have been single projects not based on a unified long-term program of research.
Validating the Diagnosis of Sensory Processing Disorders Using EEG Technology
Authors: Davies Patricia L. , Gavin William J. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This study tested the assumption of sensory integration theory that states that a relationship exists between brain function and the behavioral manifestations of sensory integrative dysfunction.
METHOD. Electroencephalographic measures were used to examine brain processing in 28 children with sensory processing disorders (SPD) and 25 children who were typically developing, ages 5–12 years.
RESULTS. Children with SPD demonstrated less sensory gating than children who were typically developing. A significant relationship between sensory gating and age was found in children who were typically developing but not in children with SPD. Brain activity correctly distinguished children with SPD from children who were typically developing with 86% accuracy.
CONCLUSION. These results present empirical evidence that children with SPD display unique brain processing mechanisms compared to children who are typically developing and provide external validity for the diagnosis of SPD.
Sensory Processing in Children With and Without Autism: A Comparative Study Using the Short Sensory Profile
Authors: Tomchek Scott D. , Dunn Winnie 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study is to investigate differences in sensory processing among age-matched children between ages 3 and 6 years with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and those who are typically developing.
METHOD. Reported sensory processing abilities of 281 children with ASD were compared to age-matched peers who were typically developing, using the Short Sensory Profile (SSP).
RESULTS. Ninety-five percent of the sample of children with ASD demonstrated some degree of sensory processing dysfunction on the SSP Total Score, with the greatest differences reported on the Underresponsive/ Seeks Sensation, Auditory Filtering, and Tactile Sensitivity sections. The ASD group also performed significantly differently (p &lt; .001) on 92% of the items, total score, and all sections of the SSP.
CONCLUSION. These findings, considered with similar published studies, begin to confirm the prevalence and types of sensory processing impairments in autism. Further research is needed to more clearly define patterns of sensory processing in people with ASD.
Sensory Processing Disorders in a Nonhuman Primate Model: Evidence for Occupational Therapy Practice
Authors: Schneider Mary L. , Moore Colleen F. , Gajewski Lisa L. , Laughlin Nellie K. , Larson Julie A. , Gay Cynthia L. , Roberts Andrew D. , Converse Alexander K. , DeJesus Onofre T. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Evaluation of sensory processing function serves as a critical component of treatment planning and implementation of intervention in pediatric occupational therapy practice. We developed a Sensory Processing Scale for Monkeys (SPS–M), based on human tests, that measures behavioral responses to a series of tactile stimuli. This assessment has been used to assess sensory processing in adult rhesus monkeys exposed to prenatal alcohol, stress, or postnatal lead. Control monkeys from undisturbed pregnancies showed a habituation pattern, prenatally stressed monkeys showed sensitization, and prenatal alcohol–exposed monkeys showed relatively high responsiveness without habituation across trials. Lead-exposed monkeys showed sensitization compared to nonlead-exposed controls, and chelation reduced the sensitization in lead-exposed animals. Aversive responsiveness was associated with up-regulated striatal dopamine receptor binding measured with positron emission tomography.
Mental Practice as a Gateway to Modified Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy: A Promising Combination to Improve Function
Authors: Page Stephen J. , Levine Peter , Hill Valerie 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Modified constraint-induced movement therapy (mCIMT) is a reimbursable regimen that improves the use and function of more-affected arms in patients who have had a stroke. To participate in this regimen, however, patients must exhibit active extension of the more-affected wrists and fingers, which renders many people ineligible. This study determined the efficacy of a mental practice program that preceded mCIMT in improving more-affected arm function in 4 patients with a stroke. Patients received therapy emphasizing activities of daily living (ADLs), followed by sessions of mental practice of the ADL. One week after completing mental practice, patients participated in mCIMT. After mental practice, patients exhibited marked changes on assessments and increased active wrist and finger extension, which qualified them for mCIMT. After mCIMT, participants exhibited additional functional gains, sustained 3 months later. Data suggest that mental practice provides a pathway whereby patients can participate in mCIMT, realize additional gains, and again perform valued ADLs.
Training Needs of Pediatric Occupational Therapists in Assistive Technology
Authors: Long Toby M. , Woolverton Maria , Perry Deborah F. , Thomas M. Janet 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The training of providers working with children who need assistive technology devices or services has not kept pace with the explosion of new, more sophisticated assistive technology devices now available. This article reports on a national survey of 272 pediatric occupational therapists, who responded to questions about their training needs in the area of assistive technology and delivering assistive technology services. A sizable percentage of these therapists reported less-than-adequate training in policies governing assistive technology services and the organization and function of the service system. The therapists would like training that is accessible and affordable in the areas of funding of technology and services; collaborating with families and other service providers; and accessing reliable, knowledgeable vendors. These findings underscore the need to develop pre-service and in-service training in assistive technology for providers who work with children who have disabilities.
Using Social Judgment Theory to Study Occupational Therapists’ Use of Information When Making Driver Licensing Recommendations for Older and Functionally Impaired Adults
Authors: Unsworth Carolyn A. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This study sought to identify the informational cues that driver-assessor-trained occupational therapists (DATOTs) consider when making driver licensing recommendations for older and functionally impaired clients. Relatively little research supports these complex decisions.
METHOD. A survey using a social judgment theory framework was mailed to all practicing registered DATOTs in Victoria, Australia.
RESULTS. Cue mean rank order, as calculated across the 56 responses (return rate, 78%), revealed that the four most important cues were driving instructor interventions, driver behavior, cognitive and perceptual skills, and vehicle handling skills. Substantial individual variations in cue ranks were not attributable to respondents’ years of experience.
CONCLUSION. Because driver licensing recommendations may have a major impact on clients’ lives, debate and further study concerning information use are needed to assist DATOTs in making consistent and optimal licensing recommendations to ensure the safety of all road users and avoid when possible the negative consequences of license loss.
Agreement Between Occupational Therapy Practice Framework Classifications and Occupational Therapists’ Classifications
Authors: Butts Denea S. , Nelson David L. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) developed the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process (the Framework) to categorize and organize concepts in the field of occupational therapy in a manner that would be understandable to practitioners within the field as well as to external readers. The current study investigates the degree to which occupational therapists’ classification of terminology agrees with the Framework’s classification of terminology. Through mail survey format, 200 randomly selected AOTA occupational therapist members were asked to classify 30 randomly selected terms from the Framework into the 6 domain categories of the Framework. Based on the responses of 94 completed surveys, low levels of agreement were found between therapists’ and the Framework’s categorizations. Overall, practicing therapists did not categorize terms in a manner consistent with the categorization of the Framework. We recommend that AOTA refrain from developing systems of categorization, at least until a consensus develops in the field concerning terminology.
A Controlled Study of Services to Enhance Productive Participation Among People With HIV/AIDS
Authors: Kielhofner Gary , Braveman Brent , Fogg Louis , Levin Mara 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This study assessed the effectiveness of a model program designed to increase productive participation among people living with HIV/AIDS within supportive-living facilities.
METHODS. Using a nonrandomized, two-group design, 65 study participants were assigned to either the model program or standard care. Data on productive participation were collected at 3, 6, and 9 months after completion of the model or standard program. Outcomes were compared at each time point.
RESULTS. Forty-six participants completed the study. Participants in the two programs did not differ significantly on baseline demographic variables. Model program participants showed significantly higher levels of productive participation at all three time points (p &lt; .05). Odds ratios were all &gt; 3, reflecting that participants attending the model program were at least twice as likely to be productively engaged at all three time points.
CONCLUSION. Results support the effectiveness of the model program in achieving sustained productive participation in persons living with HIV/AIDS.
Evidence-Based and Occupational Perspective of Effective Interventions for Older Clients That Remediate or Support Improved Driving Performance
Authors: Hunt Linda A. , Arbesman Marian 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
To assess the effectiveness of person-related interventions on driving ability in older adults, this literature review was completed as a part of the Evidence-Based Literature Review Project of the American Occupational Therapy Association. Nineteen articles were incorporated into the systematic review and include interventions in the following areas: visual, cognitive, and motor; educational; passengers; and medical. The results provide inconclusive evidence for the use of interventions such as the Useful Field of View training, home exercise programs, and passenger interactions. Conclusive evidence shows that older adults respond positively to programs stressing self-awareness of driving skills and that some medical interventions affect the ability to drive. Despite limitations, the studies reviewed provide useful information that deserves further exploration. Reading the literature provides therapists with knowledge that might improve client care. Learning about cutting-edge interventions and educating peers and students about evidence-based interventions may lead to safer community mobility for older adults
Occupational Therapy Students’ Metaphors for Helping
Authors: Davis Janis 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Metaphors are powerful devices for eliciting images of practice. Exploring the metaphors of occupational therapy students provides educators with insight into students’ prior knowledge and the constraints their ideas may present in practice. Metaphorical images of helping held by newly enrolled and Level II fieldwork students were examined. Responses to a structured, open-format questionnaire revealed that the two groups were in agreement about conceptualizations of helping. The findings suggest two overarching themes: (1) the importance of client-centered practice and (2) the inevitability of client autonomy and responsibility. These results imply that educators must prepare students to face the realities of practice: working with unmotivated clients and engaging them in meaningful occupations. Thus, a continued emphasis on client-centered practice and the requisite listening skills for a therapeutic alliance are needed. Research should build on the insufficient knowledge of what happens to identity development in the transition from curricula to practice.
Evolving Identities: Thomas Bessell Kidner and Occupational Therapy in the United States
Authors: Friedland Judith , Silva Jennifer 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
A founder of the National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy, Thomas Bessell Kidner (1866–1932) played a prominent role in the early development of occupational therapy in Canada and the United States. We describe Kidner’s early life and how his work using occupations evolved. We then examine ideas and assumptions about occupations as treatment and trace Kidner’s involvement through to his leadership role within the American Occupational Therapy Association. Through our analysis of primary and secondary source materials, we have extracted recurring themes and related them across and within the materials to discern Kidner’s influence on the profession. From among his many contributions, three areas emerge as particularly relevant to current practice: occupational therapy’s role in return to work, relationships with medicine, and the profession’s image. Kidner’s story gives us a window on our history and an opportunity to see how the profession has evolved.