bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unfallchirurgisch Relevantes zu Bissverletzungen von Mensch und Tier
Authors: Estel Katharina , Scheuermann-Poley Catharina , Goertz Ole , Urban Jennifer , Landscheidt Kristina , Wenzel Werner , Willy Christian 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungBissverletzungen stellen wegen des tief inokulierten polymikrobiellen Erregerspektrums, möglicher Begleitverletzungen und ausgeprägter Weichteilschäden ein differenziert zu behandelndes Krankheitsbild dar. Hundebisse sind die häufigsten Bissverletzungen und heilen, verglichen mit Menschen- und Katzenbissen, weniger komplikativ. Die Bisslokalisation hängt stark vom Alter und von der Größe des Bissopfers sowie der Art des Bissverursachers ab. Bei jedem Biss ist der Erregernachweis anzustreben, um auf eine Exazerbation kalkuliert reagieren zu können. Die primäre Antibiotikatherapie sollte empirisch mit Amoxicillin + Clavulansäure oder Ampicillin + Sulbactam erfolgen und ggf. im Verlauf antibiogrammgemäß angepasst werden. Die chirurgische Sanierung beinhaltet je nach Befund das Ausschneiden des Bisskanals und das differenzierte Wund-Débridement. Wichtig sind die Überprüfung des Impfstatus der Beteiligten und, wenn indiziert, die Postexpositionsprophylaxe für Tetanus und Tollwut.
Thoracolumbar myelocele repair: how I do it
Authors: Zimmermann Nathalie , Messerer Mahmoud , Vandenbulcke Alberto 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Myelocele is a rare form of open spina bifida. Surgical repair is recommended prenatally or in the first 48 h. In some cases, the repair may be delayed, and specific surgical factors need to be considered.

Method
We give a brief overview of the surgical anatomy, followed by a description of the surgical repair of a thoracolumbar Myelocele in an 11-month-old child.

Conclusion
Surgical repair of the Myelocele stabilizes the neurological status, prevents local and central nervous system infections. The understanding of Myelocele anatomy enables its removal while preserving as much healthy tissue as possible and restoring normal anatomy.
Oral microbial dysbiosis in patients with oral cavity cancers
Authors: Unlu Ozge , Demirci Mehmet , Paksoy Tugce , Eden Arzu Baygul , Tansuker Hasan Deniz , Dalmizrak Aysegul , Aktan Cagdas , Senel Firdevs , Sunter Ahmet Volkan , Yigit Ozgur , Cakir Burak Omur , Kantarci Alpdogan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objectives
The pathogenesis of oral cavity cancers is complex. We tested the hypothesis that oral microbiota dysbiosis is associated with oral cavity cancer.

Materials and methods
Patients with primary oral cavity cancer who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Matching healthy individuals were recruited as controls. Data on socio-demographic and behavioral factors, self-reported periodontal measures and habits, and current dental status were collected using a structured questionnaire and periodontal chartings. In addition to self-reported oral health measures, each participant received a standard and detailed clinical examination. DNA was extracted from saliva samples from patients and healthy controls. Next-generation sequencing was performed by targeting V3-V4 gene regions of the 16 S rRNA with subsequent bioinformatic analyses.

Results
Patients with oral cavity cancers had a lower quality of oral health than healthy controls. Proteobacteria, Aggregatibacter, Haemophilus, and Neisseria decreased, while Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Lactobacillus, Gemella, and Fusobacteria increased in oral cancer patients. At the species level, C. durum, L. umeaens, N. subflava, A. massiliensis, and V. dispar were significantly lower, while G. haemolysans was significantly increased (p < 0.05). Major periodontopathogens associated with periodontal disease (P. gingivalis and F.nucleatum) increased 6.5- and 2.8-fold, respectively.

Conclusion
These data suggested that patients with oral cancer had worse oral health conditions and a distinct oral microbiome composition that is affected by personal daily habits and may be associated with the pathogenicity of the disease and interspecies interactions.

Clinical relevance
This paper demonstrates the link between oral bacteria and oral cancers, identifying mechanistic interactions between species of oral microbiome.
Image Analysis Using the Fluorescence Imaging of Nuclear Staining (FINS) Algorithm
Authors: Bramwell Laura R. , Spencer Jack , Frankum Ryan , Manni Emad , Harries Lorna W. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFinding appropriate image analysis techniques for a particular purpose can be difficult. In the context of the analysis of immunocytochemistry images, where the key information lies in the number of nuclei containing co-localised fluorescent signals from a marker of interest, researchers often opt to use manual counting techniques because of the paucity of available tools. Here, we present the development and validation of the Fluorescence Imaging of Nuclear Staining (FINS) algorithm for the quantification of fluorescent signals from immunocytochemically stained cells. The FINS algorithm is based on a variational segmentation of the nuclear stain channel and an iterative thresholding procedure to count co-localised fluorescent signals from nuclear proteins in other channels. We present experimental results comparing the FINS algorithm to the manual counts of seven researchers across a dataset of three human primary cell types which are immunocytochemically stained for a nuclear marker (DAPI), a biomarker of cellular proliferation (Ki67), and a biomarker of DNA damage (γH2AX). The quantitative performance of the algorithm is analysed in terms of consistency with the manual count data and acquisition time. The FINS algorithm produces data consistent with that achieved by manual counting but improves the process by reducing subjectivity and time. The algorithm is simple to use, based on software that is omnipresent in academia, and allows data review with its simple, intuitive user interface. We hope that, as the FINS tool is open-source and is custom-built for this specific application, it will streamline the analysis of immunocytochemical images.
Graphical Abstract
In this paper, we describe a new tool—the Fluorescence Imaging of Nuclear Staining (FINS) algorithm. This tool can automatically count images of cells that are immunocytochemically stained with a nuclear protein of interest, producing a spreadsheet of counts and a user interface for review.
A survey of safety and trustworthiness of large language models through the lens of verification and validation
Authors: Huang Xiaowei , Ruan Wenjie , Huang Wei , Jin Gaojie , Dong Yi , Wu Changshun , Bensalem Saddek , Mu Ronghui , Qi Yi , Zhao Xingyu , Cai Kaiwen , Zhang Yanghao , Wu Sihao , Xu Peipei , Wu Dengyu , Freitas Andre , Mustafa Mustafa A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLarge language models (LLMs) have exploded a new heatwave of AI for their ability to engage end-users in human-level conversations with detailed and articulate answers across many knowledge domains. In response to their fast adoption in many industrial applications, this survey concerns their safety and trustworthiness. First, we review known vulnerabilities and limitations of the LLMs, categorising them into inherent issues, attacks, and unintended bugs. Then, we consider if and how the Verification and Validation (V&V) techniques, which have been widely developed for traditional software and deep learning models such as convolutional neural networks as independent processes to check the alignment of their implementations against the specifications, can be integrated and further extended throughout the lifecycle of the LLMs to provide rigorous analysis to the safety and trustworthiness of LLMs and their applications. Specifically, we consider four complementary techniques: falsification and evaluation, verification, runtime monitoring, and regulations and ethical use. In total, 370+ references are considered to support the quick understanding of the safety and trustworthiness issues from the perspective of V&V. While intensive research has been conducted to identify the safety and trustworthiness issues, rigorous yet practical methods are called for to ensure the alignment of LLMs with safety and trustworthiness requirements.
Motivations to Enhance One’s Facial Hair: Affiliation, Rivalry, and Stress
Authors: Moroń Marcin , Jach Łukasz , Jonason Peter K. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFacial hair is a sexually dimorphic trait with potential evolutionary and sociocultural functions. Bearded men are perceived as dominant, aggressive, and masculine, but also as having better parenting skills. Men may intentionally manage the amount and shape of their facial hair as a part of their self-promotion strategy; however, facial hair management entails costs in terms of time, effort, and money. We explored psychological factors associated with facial hair enhancement motivation among men. A total of 414 men (aged 18–40 years) reported the current amount of their facial hair along with their facial hair enhancement motivations, gender role stress, intrasexual competitiveness, and fundamental social motives. Willingness to care for facial hair was associated with the amount of facial hair men claimed to have and correlated with the fundamental social motives of affiliation and social status, intrasexual competition, and gender role stress. Therefore, facial hair enhancement may be regarded as a self-presentation strategy aimed at acquiring a beneficial position in social networks.
From low-rank retractions to dynamical low-rank approximation and back
Authors: Séguin Axel , Ceruti Gianluca , Kressner Daniel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn algorithms for solving optimization problems constrained to a smooth manifold, retractions are a well-established tool to ensure that the iterates stay on the manifold. More recently, it has been demonstrated that retractions are a useful concept for other computational tasks on manifold as well, including interpolation tasks. In this work, we consider the application of retractions to the numerical integration of differential equations on fixed-rank matrix manifolds. This is closely related to dynamical low-rank approximation (DLRA) techniques. In fact, any retraction leads to a numerical integrator and, vice versa, certain DLRA techniques bear a direct relation with retractions. As an example for the latter, we introduce a new retraction, called KLS retraction, that is derived from the so-called unconventional integrator for DLRA. We also illustrate how retractions can be used to recover known DLRA techniques and to design new ones. In particular, this work introduces two novel numerical integration schemes that apply to differential equations on general manifolds: the accelerated forward Euler (AFE) method and the Projected Ralston–Hermite (PRH) method. Both methods build on retractions by using them as a tool for approximating curves on manifolds. The two methods are proven to have local truncation error of order three. Numerical experiments on classical DLRA examples highlight the advantages and shortcomings of these new methods.
Chemo-mechanical ageing of paper: effect of acidity, moisture and micro-structural features
Authors: Parsa Sadr A. , Maraghechi S. , Suiker A. S. J. , Bosco E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA multi-scale modeling framework is proposed for the prediction of the chemo-mechanical degradation of paper, with the particular aim of uncovering the key factors affecting the degradation process. Paper is represented as a two-dimensional, periodic repetition of a fibrous network unit cell, where the fibers are characterized by a moisture-dependent chemo-hygro-mechanical constitutive behavior. The degradation of paper occurs primarily as a result of the hydrolysis of cellulose, which causes a reduction of the degree of polymerization and a consequent decrease of the effective mechanical properties, ultimately leading to fiber embrittlement and a loss of material integrity. The interplay between the acidity of the paper, the ambient environmental conditions, and its chemo-mechanical degradation behaviour is a complex process. In the model, these interactions are accounted for by determining the coupled temporal evolution of the degree of polymerization, the acidity of the paper, and the moisture content, from which the time-dependent tensile strength of the paper is calculated. The internal stresses developing in the fibrous network under a change in moisture content lead to brittle fiber fracture once they reach the fiber tensile strength. The successive breakage of individual fibers results in damage development in the fibrous network, altering its effective constitutive properties. The temporal evolution of the effective hygro-mechanical properties of the fibrous network is calculated by employing asymptotic homogenization. For obtaining accurate model input, the strength and stiffness properties of individual fibers and the degree of polymerization of paper samples are measured at different ageing times by carrying out dedicated experiments. Subsequently, a series of numerical simulations is performed to analyze the chemo-mechanical degradation process of paper, highlighting the influence of the time-evolving acidity and moisture content. The numerical study further considers the effects of micro-structural features (i.e., the anisotropy of the fibrous network orientation and the fiber longitudinal elastic modulus) on the macroscopic degradation response of paper. The results of this work may help conservators of cultural heritage institutions determining optimal environmental conditions to limit or delay the time-dependent degradation of valuable historical paper artefacts.
Phenotypic characterization of two-row barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ssp. vulgare) germplasm conserved in Osman Tosun Genebank of Türkiye by multivariate analysis model
Authors: Benlioglu Berk , Bilir Melih , Akdogan Guray , Ahmed Hussein Abdullah Ahmed , Ergun Namuk , Aydogan Sinan , Emrebas Tulay 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Barley is a crucial cereal crop with a diverse genetic heritage that includes landraces-traditionally cultivated variants that have adapted to varying agro-climatic conditions over centuries. Preserving barley landraces in genebanks is of utmost importance for safeguarding genetic diversity and aiding future breeding endeavors.
This study aims an agro-morphological characterization of a selected collection of two row barley landraces conserved in the Osman Tosun Genebank. A total of 262 barley accessions were assessed in controlled field conditions to analyze various agro-morphological traits. The study unveiled notable disparities in the morphological traits of the genotypes, specifically in flag leaf anthocyanin, flag leaf sheath wax, spike shape, spike density, lemma color, grain color, lodging tendency, days to 50% flowering, plant height, spike length, spikelet quantity, and thousand grain weight, among other critical agronomical characteristics. To scrutinize the morphological disparities, the research utilized principal component analysis and ascertained that nearly 77.22% of the overall variance was accounted for by the first two principal components. The first four principal components accounted for 90.96% of the total variation, thus indicating significant genetic diversity among genotypes. The results of the cluster analysis revealed the presence of diverse genetic resources within the collection, with distinct groups of genotypes exhibiting similar traits being identified. The results of the agro-morphological characterization are a valuable resource for researchers and breeders, aiding them in making informed decisions regarding the management and application of barley landraces in breeding programs.
Discrete Approximations of Gaussian Smoothing and Gaussian Derivatives
Authors: Lindeberg Tony 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper develops an in-depth treatment concerning the problem of approximating the Gaussian smoothing and the Gaussian derivative computations in scale-space theory for application on discrete data. With close connections to previous axiomatic treatments of continuous and discrete scale-space theory, we consider three main ways of discretizing these scale-space operations in terms of explicit discrete convolutions, based on either (i) sampling the Gaussian kernels and the Gaussian derivative kernels, (ii) locally integrating the Gaussian kernels and the Gaussian derivative kernels over each pixel support region, to aim at suppressing some of the severe artefacts of sampled Gaussian kernels and sampled Gaussian derivatives at very fine scales, or (iii) basing the scale-space analysis on the discrete analogue of the Gaussian kernel, and then computing derivative approximations by applying small-support central difference operators to the spatially smoothed image data.We study the properties of these three main discretization methods both theoretically and experimentally and characterize their performance by quantitative measures, including the results they give rise to with respect to the task of scale selection, investigated for four different use cases, and with emphasis on the behaviour at fine scales. The results show that the sampled Gaussian kernels and the sampled Gaussian derivatives as well as the integrated Gaussian kernels and the integrated Gaussian derivatives perform very poorly at very fine scales. At very fine scales, the discrete analogue of the Gaussian kernel with its corresponding discrete derivative approximations performs substantially better. The sampled Gaussian kernel and the sampled Gaussian derivatives do, on the other hand, lead to numerically very good approximations of the corresponding continuous results, when the scale parameter is sufficiently large, in most of the experiments presented in the paper, when the scale parameter is greater than a value of about 1, in units of the grid spacing. Below a standard deviation of about 0.75, the derivative estimates obtained from convolutions with the sampled Gaussian derivative kernels are, however, not numerically accurate or consistent, while the results obtained from the discrete analogue of the Gaussian kernel, with its associated central difference operators applied to the spatially smoothed image data, are then a much better choice.
Heat of hydration in ultralight cementitious foams incorporating metakaolin and microencapsulated phase change material
Authors: Klemczak Barbara , Gołaszewska Małgorzata , Gołaszewski Jacek 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe paper presents the results of a study on the hydration heat of ultralight cementitious foams envisaged as insulation materials for building envelopes. The examined porous foam-cement material was additionally enhanced by embedded microencapsulated phase change material (PCM) to improve the desired thermal properties of the material. The heat emission and heat flow were measured at 20 °C and 30 °C for 168 h using the isothermal calorimeter. The experimental study comprised composites with dry densities of 240 kg m−3 and 480 kg m−3, two concentrations of protein-based foaming agent (2% and 4%) and two dosages of the embedded PCM material (10% and 20%). The reference composite without PCM was also tested. The effect of the necessary admixtures used to achieve the stability of ultralight cementitious foams was also examined. The results showed that hydration in ultralight foam-cement composites is retarded, and the values of heat released are lower than those of the paste used to produce the composites. In this regard, the main factors contributing to the lower heat released and its lower rate are the excess water from the foam, the dosage of the foaming agent and the admixtures introduced to achieve the stability of the ultralight composite. The stabiliser was found to be the most retarding admixture. Considering PCM, which was added at 10% and 20% of the paste volume, a rather low influence on the course of the hydration process was observed due to the overall composition of ultralight cementitious foams specially modified for each assumed content of PCM.
Teaching and learning high-school mathematics via WhatsApp: teachers’ perspectives
Authors: Segal Ruti , Biton Yaniv 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe investigated teachers’ perspectives about what opportunities for learning and teaching could be created using WhatsApp as a social network to help students prepare for the final secondary-school Bagrut (matriculation) exam in mathematics. Launched by the Ministry of Education and the Center for Educational Technology three months before the Bagrut examination, the “WhatsApp Bagroup” project was initiated to serve as an additional environment for learning mathematics. The formation of these WhatsApp groups was meant to provide an online review project during which teachers integrated blended learning, and students presented problems with which they were having difficulties. During this initiative, we applied a quantitative and qualitative research model to analyze the teachers’ points of view about what learning and teaching opportunities were created. The study used a mixed method, sequential explanatory procedure to acquire a complete understanding of the factors that constitute teachers’ perceptions of learning and teaching via the Bagroup project. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected using three tools: a questionnaire with Likert-type statements and open questions, informal semi-structured interviews, and observations of four Bagroup study groups conducted during the three-month period. Factor analysis revealed three categories regarding the Bagroup environment: factors that contribute to learner’s emotional needs, factors that promote learning, and factors that inhibit learning. The findings may have implications for distance and remote learning and teaching opportunities.
Karl Löwith on the I–thou relation and interpersonal proximity
Authors: León Felipe 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCurrent research on second-person relations has often overlooked that this is not a new topic. Addressed mostly under the heading of the “I–thou relation,” second-person relations were discussed by central figures of the phenomenological tradition, including Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger, but also quite extensively by much lesser-known authors, such as Karl Löwith, Ludwig Binswanger, and Semyon L. Frank, whose work has been undeservedly neglected in current research. This paper starts off by arguing that, in spite of the rightly acknowledged differences between the Husserlian and the Heideggerian approaches to the investigation of the social world, both approaches converge in the claim that the I–thou relation is founded on more basic forms of sociality. In a second step, against the background of Frank’s and Binswanger’s challenges to that claim, I argue that Löwith’s proposal that the I–thou relation is a primordial form of sociality can be vindicated by conceptualizing I–thou relations as close personal relationships (paradigmatically exemplified by companion friendships and romantic partnerships). After assessing how Löwith’s approach to the I–thou relation stands vis-à-vis Heidegger’s and Husserl’s views, I conclude by suggesting how Löwith’s approach can contribute to current research on second-person relations.