bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virologic survey of dogs with naturally acquired idiopathic conjunctivitis
Authors: Ledbetter Eric C. , Hornbuckle William E. , Dubovi Edward J. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Objective—To determine the frequency of viral detection in conjunctival samples from client-owned domestic dogs with naturally acquired idiopathic conjunctivitis and to identify signalment, historical, and clinical findings positively associated with viral detection.
Design—Case-control study
Animals—30 dogs with naturally acquired idiopathic conjunctivitis and a control population of 30 dogs without ocular disease.
Procedures—Complete physical and ophthalmic examinations were performed for each dog. Conjunctival swab specimens were analyzed by use of virus isolation and PCR assays for the following viruses: canine adenovirus-2 (CAV-2), canine distemper virus, canine herpesvirus-1 (CHV-1), canine parainfuenza virus, canine respiratory coronavirus, infuenza A virus, and West Nile virus. Signalment, clinical, and historical information was recorded and compared between study groups.
Results—Viruses were detected by either virus isolation or PCR methods significantly more frequently in conjunctival samples from dogs with conjunctivitis (7/30 [23.3%]) than dogs without conjunctivitis (0/30 [0%]). Canine herpesvirus-1 was isolated from 2 conjunctival samples and detected by use of PCR assay in 5 conjunctival samples. Canine adenovirus-2 was isolated from 1 conjunctival sample and detected by use of PCR assay in 2 conjunctiva samples. Sexually intact dogs and frequent exposure to dogs outside the household were positively associated with viral detection in the conjunctivitis group
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that CHV-1 and CAV-2 are common etiologic agents of conjunctivitis in domestic dogs. Risk factors for viral conjunctivitis in dogs reflected increased exposure to other dogs and opportunities for contact with infectious secretions.
Factors associated with likelihood of horses having a high serum Streptococcus equi SeM-specific antibody titer
Authors: Boyle Ashley G. , Sweeney Corinne R. , Kristula Michaela , Boston Ray , Smith Gary 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Objective—To identify factors associated with an increased likelihood that horses would have a serum Streptococcus equi SeM-specific antibody titer ≥ 1:1,600.
Design—Cross-sectional study.
Animals—188 healthy client-owned horses.
Procedures—A single serum sample from each horse was tested for SeM-specific antibody titer with an ELISA. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with having a titer ≥ 1:1,600.
Results—Age, breed, and vaccination status were significantly associated with the likelihood of having a titer ≥ 1:1,600. The odds of having a titer ≥ 1:1,600 increased by a factor of 1.07 with each 1-year increase in age. Quarter Horses and horses of other breeds were 4.08 times as likely as were Thoroughbreds and warmbloods to have a titer this high. Horses that had previously received an intranasal S equi vaccine were 4.7 times as likely as were horses without any history of vaccination to have a titer this high.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that older horses, horses other than Thoroughbreds and warmbloods, and horses that had been vaccinated with an attenuated-live intranasal S equi vaccine between 1 and 3 years previously had an increased likelihood of having a serum SeM-specific antibody titer ≥ 1:1,600.
Establishing and functional characterization of an HEK-293 cell line expressing autofluorescently tagged β-actin (pEYFP-ACTIN) and the neurokinin type 1 receptor (NK1-R)
Authors: Hrovat Alenka , Zavec Apolonija , Pogačnik Azra , Frangež Robert , Vrecl Milka 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis study focused on establishing and making a comprehensive functional characterization of an HEK-293-transfected cell line that would coexpress the enhanced yellow fluorescent protein-actin (pEYFP-actin) construct and the neurokinin type 1 receptor (NK1-R), which is a member of the seven transmembrane (7TM) receptor family. In the initial selection procedure, the cloning ring technique was used alone, but failed to yield clones with homogenous pEYFP-actin expression. Flow cytometry sorting (FCS) was subsequently used to enrich the pEYFP-actin-expressing subpopulation of cells. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), FCS and quantitative real-time reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were then employed to monitor the passage-dependent effects on transgene expression and to estimate the total β-actin/pEYFP-actin ratio. NK1-R was characterized via radioactive ligand binding and the second messenger assay. The suitability of the pEYFP-actin as a marker of endogenous actin was assessed by colocalizing pEYFP-actin with rhodamine-phalloidine-stained F-actin and by comparing receptor- and jasplakinolide-induced changes in the actin cytoskeleton organization. These experiments demonstrated that: i) both constructs expressed in the generated transfected cell line are functional; ii) the estimated pEYFP-actin: endogenous β-actin ratio is within the limits required for the functional integrity of the actin filaments; and iii) pEYFP-actin and rhodamine-phalloidine-stained F-actin structures colocalize and display comparable reorganization patterns in pharmacologically challenged cells.
Floating drug delivery of a locally acting H2-antagonist: An approach using an in situ gelling liquid formulation
Authors: Rohith Ganapati , Sridhar Bhimagoni , Srinatha Anegundha 
Published: October 2009

Floating drug delivery of a locally acting H2-antagonist: An approach using an in situ gelling liquid formulation
In the present work, a gastroretentive in situ gelling liquid formulation for controlled delivery of ranitidine was formulated using sodium alginate (low, medium and high viscosity grades), calcium carbonate (source of cations) and ranitidine. Prepared formulations were evaluated for viscosity, buoyancy lag time and buoyancy duration, drug content and in vitro drug release. Formulation variables such as concentration of sodium alginate, calcium carbonate and drug significantly affected the formulation viscosity, floating behavior and in vitro drug release. Analysis of the release pattern showed that the drug release from in situ gel followed a diffusion mechanism.
Novel catalytic synthesis of 6,7-dimethoxyisatin with the use of heteropolyacids (HPAs) as acid solid catalyst
Authors: Gharib Ali , Daneshtalab Mohsen , Scheeren J. , Bamoharram Fatemeh , Roshani Mina , Jahangir Manouchehr 
Published: October 2009

Novel catalytic synthesis of 6,7-dimethoxyisatin with the use of heteropolyacids (HPAs) as acid solid catalyst
An efficient method for the preparation of 6,7-dimethoxyisatin and its derivatives was developed with good yield by using Preyssler-type heteropolyacid (HPA) as acid catalyst under green conditions. The comparison between Keggin type heteropolyacids, H3[PW12O40], H4[SiW12O40] and H4[SiMo12O40], H3[PMo12O40] and mineral acids with Preyssler's anion shows that the latter possess better catalytical activity than the other heteropolyacids and no degradation of the structure was observed.
CFD modelling of two-phase liquid-liquid flow in a SMX static mixer
Authors: Pianko-Oprych Paulina , Jaworski Zdzisław 
Published: October 2009

CFD modelling of two-phase liquid-liquid flow in a SMX static mixer
The paper provides an overview of the application of Computational Fluid Dynamics tools for predicting transport processes in two-phase flow in a SMX static mixer. The overview is achieved by taking a brief look at factors: mesh generation, development of sub-models, post-processing including validation and quantitative verification of CFD results with experimental data. Two types of numerical approach were used in the simulations: the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes in the steady-state mode with the standard k-??turbulence model and Large Eddy Simulations in the unsteady mode. Both CFD techniques were applied to calculate flow velocities, pressure drop and homogenisation level in a SMX static mixer of the liquid-liquid mixture. The steady state drop size distribution was obtained by implementation procedure containing the population balance equation, where transport equations for the moments of the drop size distribution are solved and the closure problem is overcome by using the Quadrature Method of Moments.
Why do pregnant women stop exercising in the third trimester?
Authors: HAAKSTAD LENE A.H. , VOLDNER NANNA , HENRIKSEN TORE , BØ KARI 
Published: October 2009

AbstractCurrent exercise guidelines recommend pregnant women to exercise throughout pregnancy. However, a high percentage of pregnant women are sedentary, and there is an increasing decline of physical activity and exercise, especially in the third trimester. Objective. The aim of the present study was to compare demographic and health‐related factors in pregnant women exercising and not exercising in the third trimester. Design. Cross‐sectional design comparing exercisers and non‐exercisers. Setting. Rikshospitalet University Hospital and Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway. Population. Healthy pregnant women (n = 467) were successively allocated from the application form for birth at Rikshospitalet University Hospital. Methods. A questionnaire, including questions about demographic variables, physical activity level, common pregnancy complaints, social modeling, attitudes and barriers towards exercise participation was answered between gestation‐week 32 and 36. Main outcome measures. Demographic variables, pregnancy related health factors and social modeling, including exercise counseling by health care providers, were tested using binary logistic regression analysis. Results. Less than 11% were defined as regular exercisers in the third trimester. Having high gestational weight gain and no social role models with respect to exercise behavior during childhood were inversely associated with third trimester exercise. Pre‐pregnancy exercise was the strongest predictor of regular exercise at late gestation. Not receiving advice about exercise from health professionals was borderline significant. Pelvic girdle pain and sick‐leave were not statistically significant factors. Conclusions. Pre‐pregnancy exercise was strongly related to exercise at late gestation. This study indicates a need for more information and motivation for moderate exercise before and throughout pregnancy.
Intravaginal slingplasty sling is associated with increased risk of vaginal erosion
Authors: NYYSSÖNEN VIRVA , TALVENSAARI‐MATTILA ANNE , SANTALA MARKKU 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjective. Two structurally different polypropylene tapes are used in tension‐free vaginal tape (TVT) and intravaginal slingplasty sling (IVS) procedures for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence. This study aimed to compare TVT and IVS operations for late postoperative complications, especially vaginal erosion. Design. A retrospective study. Setting. Oulu University Hospital, Finland. Sample. The study sample was constituted by 373 patients operatively treated for female urinary incontinence between January 2000 and June 2004. A total of 293 patients underwent the TVT operation and 80 patients the IVS operation. Methods. We analyzed the data using Fisher's Exact test, Pearson's chi‐squared test, and log linear test. For categorical variables we used risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Main outcome measures. The incidence of late complications, especially vaginal erosion. Results. Symptomatic erosion (p < 0.001; risk ratio 13.7; 95% confidence interval 4.03–46.8) was seen in 3 patients (1%) in the TVT group and in 13 patients (16%) in the IVS group. The median time to the onset of symptoms was 9 and 12 months in these groups, respectively. Conclusions. We suggest that the high vaginal erosion rate in the IVS group is associated with the tape material.
Assessment of the sentinel lymph node in patients with invasive squamous carcinoma of the vulva
Authors: ACHIMAS‐CADARIU PATRICIU , HARTER PHILIPP , FISSELER‐ECKHOFF ANNETTE , BEUTEL BIANCA , TRAUT ALEXANDER , DU BOIS ANDREAS 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjective. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and diagnostic validity of the sentinel lymph node technique in detecting inguinal lymph node metastases in patients with invasive squamous cancer of the vulva. Design. Retrospective analysis of the in‐house tumor registry. Setting. Dr. Horst Schmidt Klinik, a tertiary gynecologic oncology unit in Wiesbaden, Germany, June 2000–May 2008. Population. All consecutive operated patients with primary envisaged diagnosis were included. Methods. The sentinel node identification technique was performed and patients were informed accordingly. Patients who consented and were found eligible underwent preoperative lymphscintigraphy on the day before surgery. Main outcome measures. Sentinel node detection in specimen from sentinel lymph node biopsy and from full lymphadenectomy (LNE); sentinel lymph node biopsy as a sole surgical groin procedure in patients with histological negative sentinel node; benefit with respect to side effects for sentinel lymph node biopsy compared to full LNE; complication rates; and recurrences of vulvar cancer. Results. In all, 46 of 59 patients with vulvar malignancy underwent inguinofemoral LNE, sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLB) of the groin followed by LNE, or SLB alone. Most patients had been diagnosed in the early stages of the disease. Since no false positive or false negative results were recorded, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the sentinel lymph node were 100%. However, in 6%, a sentinel lymph node could not be detected intraoperatively indicating a feasibility of 94%. Conclusion. The implementation of sentinel lymph node technique for groin staging in squamous cell vulvar cancer seems to provide a feasible and safe technique in tertiary gynecologic oncology.
Factors influencing the basal temperatures of a High Arctic polythermal glacier
Authors: Wohlleben Trudy , Sharp Martin , Bush Andrew 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA number of glaciers in the Canadian High Arctic are composed primarily of cold ice, but the ice at or near their beds reaches the pressure-melting point (PMP) in the ablation zone. Past modelling studies have suggested that the basal temperatures of some of these glaciers reach the PMP where they should not, indicating that they are not in thermal equilibrium with present-day surface air temperatures. To investigate the possible reasons for thermal disequilibria in such glaciers, a two-dimensional ice temperature model was used to simulate the inferred thermal characteristics of John Evans Glacier, Ellesmere Island. Results indicate that while surface refreezing and historical ice-thickness changes have had a warming effect upon basal ice temperatures, supraglacial meltwater reaching the glacier bed provides the single most critical heat source for explaining the apparent thermal disequilibrium between present-day inferred ice–bed temperatures and those modelled under present-day boundary conditions.
Signature of ice streaming in Bjørnøyrenna, Polar North Atlantic, through the Pleistocene and implications for ice-stream dynamics
Authors: Andreassen Karin , Winsborrow Monica 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe geomorphology of palaeo-ice-stream beds and the internal structure of underlying tills can provide important information about the subglacial conditions during periods of fast flow and quiescence. This paper presents observations from three-dimensional seismic data, revealing the geomorphology of buried beds of the Bjørnøyrenna (Bear Island Trough) ice stream, the main drainage outlet of the former Barents Sea ice sheet. Repeated changes in ice dynamics are inferred from the observed successions of geomorphic features. Megablocks, aligned in long chains parallel to inferred ice-stream flowlines, and forming dipping plates that are thrust one on top of another, are taken as evidence for conditions of compressive ice flow. Mega-scale glacial lineations (MSGL) and pull-apart of underlying sediment blocks suggest extensional flow. The observed pattern of megablocks and rafts overprinted by MSGL indicates a change in ice dynamics from a compressional to an extensional flow regime. Till stiffening, due to subglacial freezing, is the favoured mechanism for creating switches in sub-ice-stream conditions. The observed pattern of geomorphic features indicates that periods of slowdown or quiescence were commonly followed by reactivation and fast flow during several glaciations, suggesting that this may be a common behaviour of marine ice streams.
Rapid glacier sliding, reverse ice motion and subglacial water pressure during an autumn rainstorm
Authors: Fudge T.J. , Harper J.T. , Humphrey N.F. , Pfeffer W.T. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractMeasurements of basal water pressure from 15 boreholes located at both local (tens of meters) and regional (kilometers) length scales were used to elucidate the pressure/sliding relationship during an autumn rapid motion event on Bench Glacier, Alaska, USA. The 8 day event had two distinct phases, each with a ten-fold speed-up with respect to winter velocity. The water pressure in all 15 boreholes varied synchronously during the speed-up. The first phase of rapid sliding began after a peak in basal water pressure and continued while the pressure was elevated and stable, or decreasing. The second phase of rapid sliding occurred when the basal water pressure was low but increasing, and terminated before the pressure peaked. Pressure and velocity do not appear unrelated, but the pressure/sliding relationship was not consistently linked to increasing, decreasing or a critical water pressure. The pressure variations and sliding accelerations are a response to a warm rainstorm, although equally large input events occurred in weeks prior with no apparent response. Drainage system evolution therefore appears to play a key role in both the acceleration and the pressure/velocity relationship. Basal cavity dynamics are likely responsible for three episodes of reverse (up-valley) motion observed after enhanced sliding.
Transient effective stress variations forced by changes in conduit pressure beneath glaciers and ice sheets
Authors: Rempel Alan W. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe resistance to sliding beneath soft-bedded glaciers depends on the effective stress, N, which is controlled by the subglacial hydrological system. While large-scale water transport is primarily through conduits, the effective stress profile beneath most of the glacier base is expected to be controlled by seepage flows through the permeable sediments. Models of the response to forced changes of the near-conduit effective stress demonstrate that perturbations in N decay over a characteristic lateral distance that is typically only a few times the sediment thickness. This implies that only relatively small changes to the spatially averaged effective stress, can be produced if conduit spacing is comparatively large and the glacier and sediments remain in contact. To produce larger changes to , it is likely that flotation must be achieved beneath a significant portion of the glacier base. At higher values, spatial variations in N can produce gradients in the thickness, h, of a fringe of ice-infiltrated sediments immediately adjacent to the glacier base; this has implications for the development of glacial landforms when sliding causes sediment transport.
Ice flow across a warm-based/cold-based transition at a glacier margin
Authors: Moore Peter L. , Iverson Neal R. , Cohen Denis 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWhere polythermal glaciers have frozen margins that buttress otherwise temperate-based sliding ice, longitudinal compression can strongly influence ice-flow trajectory, and consequently sediment transport paths. Past efforts to model flow in the vicinity of a basal thermal transition (BTT) have generally relied on simplified boundary conditions or rheological idealizations, making these model results difficult to apply to real glacier termini. Herein, we present results of numerical simulations using a power-law rheology and with boundary conditions that better represent the frozen margin. Model results indicate that a transition to a non-sliding frozen margin causes a decline in surface velocity made possible by upward ice flow, implying either enhanced ablation for steady-state simulations or the formation of a surface bulge. Permitting ice loss by ablation combined with numerical smoothing of the basal slip transition subdues basal stress concentrations and thereby inhibits development of structural discontinuities such as thrust faults. Upward ice flow is accommodated by vertical extension up-glacier of the BTT. This strain regime can potentially account for key structural features in polythermal glacier termini without appealing to thrusting.
Seasonal evolution of supraglacial lake volume from ASTER imagery
Authors: Georgiou S. , Shepherd A. , McMillan M. , Nienow P. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWater stored in and released from supraglacial lakes is an important factor when considering the seasonal and long-term evolution of the Greenland ice sheet. Here we use a radiative transfer model to estimate changes in the depth and volume of a supraglacial lake on the surface of Jakobshavn Isbræ, West Greenland, between 2002 and 2005. When compared to estimates of the lake depth determined from airborne lidar observations, we estimate that the root-mean-square departure of the modelled lake depths was 0.3 m during cloud-free conditions. The maximum lake area, depth and volume were 3.4 km2, 9.6 ±1.0 m and (18.6±3.7)×106 m3, respectively. When sequenced according to the number of positive degree-days (PDDs) accumulated prior to each image, we observe that the lake volume evolves in three distinct phases. At the start of the melting season, the rate of filling is slow; after approximately 80 PDDs the rate of filling increases by a factor ∽3, and after approximately 125 PDDs the lake drains rapidly. We estimate that the lake drains at a minimum rate of (2.66±0.53)×106 m3 d–1 over a 6 day period.
Numerical modelling of historical front variations and the 21st-century evolution of glacier AX010, Nepal Himalaya
Authors: Adhikari Surendra , Huybrechts Philippe 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDue to the lack of measurements of ice velocity, mass balance, glacier geometry and other baseline data, model-based studies of glacial systems in the Nepal Himalaya are very limited. Here a numerical ice-flow model has been developed for glacier AX010 in order to study its relation to local climate and investigate the possible causes of its general retreat since the end of the Little Ice Age. First, an attempt is made to simulate the historical front variations, considering each climatic parameter separately. Good agreement between the observations and model projections can be obtained under the assumption that variations in glacier front position are a response to changes in temperature alone. The same assumption is made about future changes to explore the 21st-century evolution of the glacier. Under a no-change scenario, the glacier will retreat by another ∽600m by AD 2100, whereas it is projected to vanish completely during this century for all trends with a temperature rise larger than +2.5˚C by AD 2100 with respect to the 1980–99 mean. With constant precipitation at the 1980–99 mean, the model predicts that the glacier will cease to exist at AD 2083, 2056 or 2049 if the temperature rises linearly by 3˚C, 4.5˚C or 6˚C respectively by the end of this century. With an additional range of precipitation changes between –30% and +30%, the life expectancy of glacier AX010 varies by 18, 6 and 2 years for the respective temperature rises. Thus the role of precipitation becomes minimal for the higher trends of temperature rise.