bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing for distributional structural change with unknown breaks: application to pricing crop insurance contracts
Authors: Lu Hanjun , Ker Alan P 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Agriculture in developed countries is produced under heavily subsidized insurance. The pricing of these insurance contracts, termed premium rates, directly influences farmers profits, their financial solvency, and indirectly, global food security. Changing climate and technology have likely caused significant shifting of mass in crop yield distributions and, if so, has rendered some of the historical yield data irrelevant for estimating premium rates. Insurance is primarily interested in lower tail probabilities and as such the detection of structural change in tail probabilities or higher moments is of great concern for the efficacy of crop insurance programs. We propose a test for structural change with an unknown break(s) which has power against structural change in any moment and can be tailored to a specific range of the underlying distribution. Simulations demonstrate better finite sample performance relative to existing methods and reasonable performance at identifying the break. The asymptotic distribution is shown to follow the Kolmogorov distribution. Our proposed test finds structural change in most major U.S. field crop yields leading to significant premium rate differences. Results of an out-of-sample premium rating game indicate that incorporating structural change in crop yields leads to more accurate premium rates.
ChIP-Atlas 3.0: a data-mining suite to explore chromosome architecture together with large-scale regulome data
Authors: Zou Zhaonan , Ohta Tazro , Oki Shinya 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
ChIP-Atlas (https://chip-atlas.org/) presents a suite of data-mining tools for analyzing epigenomic landscapes, powered by the comprehensive integration of over 376 000 public ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq, DNase-seq and Bisulfite-seq experiments from six representative model organisms. To unravel the intricacies of chromatin architecture that mediates the regulome-initiated generation of transcriptional and phenotypic diversity within cells, we report ChIP-Atlas 3.0 that enhances clarity by incorporating additional tracks for genomic and epigenomic features within a newly consolidated ‘annotation track’ section. The tracks include chromosomal conformation (Hi-C and eQTL datasets), transcriptional regulatory elements (ChromHMM and FANTOM5 enhancers), and genomic variants associated with diseases and phenotypes (GWAS SNPs and ClinVar variants). These annotation tracks are easily accessible alongside other experimental tracks, facilitating better elucidation of chromatin architecture underlying the diversification of transcriptional and phenotypic traits. Furthermore, ‘Diff Analysis,’ a new online tool, compares the query epigenome data to identify differentially bound, accessible, and methylated regions using ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq and DNase-seq, and Bisulfite-seq datasets, respectively. The integration of annotation tracks and the Diff Analysis tool, coupled with continuous data expansion, renders ChIP-Atlas 3.0 a robust resource for mining the landscape of transcriptional regulatory mechanisms, thereby offering valuable perspectives, particularly for genetic disease research and drug discovery.
Accuracy of chest x-ray screening of silica-exposed miners for tuberculosis
Authors: Maboso B , Ehrlich R I 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe World Health Organization recommends systematic chest X-ray (CXR) screening for tuberculosis (TB) in silica-exposed workers. However, evidence on the accuracy of CXR screening in such populations is lacking.AimsTo measure the accuracy of CXR screening for active TB in silica-exposed miners, in a population with a high prevalence of silicosis, post-TB lung disease and HIV.MethodsA secondary analysis of data from a miner screening programme in Lesotho was undertaken. We measured the performance of CXR (in participants with and without cough) for ‘abnormalities suggestive of TB’ against Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert). The sample size was 2572 and positive Xpert prevalence was 3%.ResultsCXR alone had high sensitivity (0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87–0.99), but low specificity (0.41, 95% CI 0.39–0.42). Requiring cough and a positive CXR increased specificity (0.79, 95% CI 0.77–0.81), resulting in reduced sensitivity (0.41, 95% CI 0.30–0.52). There was no difference in CXR accuracy by HIV status. However, specificity was markedly reduced in the presence of silicosis (from 0.70, 95% CI 0.68–0.72, to 0.03, 95% CI 0.02–0.04) or past TB history (from 0.59, 95% CI 0.56–0.62 to 0.27, 95% CI 0.25–0.29). Throughout, positive predictive value remained very low (5%) and negative predictive value very high (99%).ConclusionsCXR screening accurately identifies TB-negative CXRs in this population, but post-TB lung disease and silicosis would result in a high proportion of Xpert-negative referrals and an increased risk of unneeded empirical treatment. Adapted screening algorithms, practitioner training and digital access to previous mining CXRs are needed.
Dialetheism and the A-theory
Authors: Baron Sam 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
According to dialetheism, there are some true contradictions. According to the A-theory, the passage of time is a mind-independent feature of reality. On some A-theories, the passage of time involves the movement of the present. I show that by appealing to dialetheism, one can explain why the present moves. I then argue that A-theorists should adopt this explanation. To do this, I defend two claims. First, that the dialetheic explanation is an improvement on the only other explanation available for why the present moves and, second, that adopting the explanation is better than leaving the motion of the present unexplained. Assuming that A-theorists should adopt the best available version of their view, it follows that they should adopt a dialetheic explanation of why time passes.
IL-24 promotes atopic dermatitis-like inflammation through driving MRSA-induced allergic responses
Authors: Qian Xinmin , Tong Meiyi , Zhang Tianqing , Li Qingqing , Hua Meng , Zhou Nan , Zeng Wenwen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent inflammatory skin disorder in which patients experience recurrent eczematous lesions and intense itching. The colonization of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is correlated with the severity of the disease, but its role in AD development remains elusive. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we uncovered that keratinocytes activate a distinct immune response characterized by induction of Il24 when exposed to methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Further experiments using animal models showed that the administration of recombinant IL-24 protein worsened AD-like pathology. Genetic ablation of Il24 or the receptor Il20rb in keratinocytes alleviated allergic inflammation and atopic march. Mechanistically, IL-24 acted through its heterodimeric receptors on keratinocytes and augmented the production of IL-33, which in turn aggravated type 2 immunity and AD-like skin conditions. Overall, these findings establish IL-24 as a critical factor for onset and progression of AD and a compelling therapeutic target.
Effect of bimekizumab on patient-reported disease impact in patients with psoriatic arthritis: 1-year results from two phase 3 studies
Authors: Gossec Laure , Orbai Ana-Maria , de Wit Maarten , Coates Laura C , Ogdie Alexis , Ink Barbara , Coarse Jason , Lambert Jérémy , Taieb Vanessa , Gladman Dafna D 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate 1-year bimekizumab efficacy in PsA from the patient perspective using the 12-item PsA Impact of Disease (PsAID-12) questionnaire.

Methods
BE OPTIMAL (NCT03895203; biologic DMARD [bDMARD]-naïve), BE COMPLETE (NCT03896581; inadequate response/intolerance to TNF inhibitors [TNFi-IR]) and BE VITAL (NCT04009499; open-label extension) assessed bimekizumab 160 mg every 4 weeks in patients with PsA. Post hoc analyses of patient-reported disease impact, assessed by the PsAID-12 questionnaire, are reported to 1 year (collected to Week 40 in BE COMPLETE).

Results
Overall, 1,112 total patients were included (698 bimekizumab, 414 placebo). Rapid improvements observed with bimekizumab treatment at Week 4 continued to Week 16 and were sustained to 1 year. At 1 year, mean (SE) change from baseline in PsAID-12 total score was comparable between bimekizumab-randomized patients and patients who switched to bimekizumab at Week 16 (bDMARD-naïve bimekizumab –2.3 [0.1], placebo/bimekizumab –2.2 [0.1]; TNFi-IR bimekizumab –2.5 [0.1], placebo/bimekizumab –2.2 [0.2]). Proportions of bimekizumab-randomized patients achieving clinically meaningful within-patient improvement (≥3-point decrease from baseline) at Week 16 were sustained to 1 year (bDMARD-naïve 49.0%; TNFi-IR 48.5%) and were similar for placebo/bimekizumab patients (bDMARD-naïve 44.4%; TNFi-IR 40.6%). Across studies and arms, 35.3% to 47.8% of patients had minimal or no symptom impact at 1 year. Improvements were observed to 1 year across all single-item domains, including pain, fatigue and skin problems.

Conclusion
Bimekizumab treatment resulted in rapid and sustained clinically meaningful improvements in disease impact up to 1 year in bDMARD-naïve and TNFi-IR patients with PsA.

Trial registration
BE OPTIMAL: NCT03895203; BE COMPLETE: NCT03896581; BE VITAL: NCT04009499 (ClinicalTrials.gov)
Understanding the Risk Factors for Overdose in Pregnant and Postpartum Patients With Opioid Use Disorder: A Scoping Review [ID 2683381]
Authors: Campbell Kelly A. , Wilson Anna L. , Torres Marilyn , Dantuluri Neha , Fryer Kimberly 
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION:
The rise in pregnant patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) has led to increased rates of pregnancy-associated deaths due to opioid-related overdoses. The aim of this scoping review is to describe the risk factors of opioid-related overdose in pregnant and postpartum patients.

METHODS:
We searched PubMed, CIANHL, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, clinicaltrials.gov, and PsycINFO. We included studies that identified pregnant and/or postpartum patients with OUD and differentiated between those who experienced overdose and those who did not. Studies were screened by their title and abstract, and then by full text. Each study was independently screened by two researchers and conflicts were resolved by a group of three researchers.

RESULTS:
Of the 1,060 articles identified, eight met our criteria. These studies examined 90,860 pregnant and postpartum patients with evidence of OUD. The most frequently identified factor that reduced the risk of overdose was the consistent use of medications for OUD during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Other risk factors found included being houseless, incarcerated, young in age, unmarried, postpartum, publicly insured; not graduating high school; co-occurring substance use disorders; living in a state with punitive prenatal substance use policies; inadequate prenatal care; and complications in pregnancy. There was inconsistent information regarding the effect of race and co-occurring psychiatric disorders.

CONCLUSION:
This scoping review highlights risk factors for opioid overdose in pregnant and postpartum patients. The review indicates opportunities for future research and calls for the screening and provision of judgment-free services for high-risk individuals.
The Effect of Urine Drug Screening for No Prenatal Care on the Parent–Neonatal Dyad [ID 2683382]
Authors: Kravitz Elizabeth , Mulugeta-Gordon Lakeisha , Bhadra-Heintz Nia , Antonacci Caroline E. , Sonalkar Sarita , James Abike 
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Urine drug screens (UDS) during pregnancy can perpetuate racial disparities that extend far past medical outcomes and into the autonomy of birthing persons and their family unit.

METHODS:
This retrospective cohort study compared pregnant patients admitted to the labor floor from September 1, 2020 to June 1, 2022, with UDS collected for no prenatal care (“NPNC”) to those collected for all other indications including altered mental status, use of nonprescribed substances, medications for opioid use disorder, suspicion of abruption, unexplained hypertension, or fetal demise (“Other Cohort”). Chi-squared analysis and Student's t-test were used for statistical analyses.

RESULTS:
Of 7,022 births, 127 (2%) had UDS collected. Patients who identified as Black were significantly more likely to have UDS collected (P<.0001). Of 127 UDS, 29 were sent for NPNC alone, and 98 were sent for other indications. There was no difference in age, race, or insurance status between the two groups. Among the NPNC cohort, 8 were positive for marijuana alone (28%), 3 (10%) for opioids (two provided by the care team), 1 for benzodiazepine (provided by the care team), and the rest were negative (59%). Significantly more patients were positive for opioids or other substances (not marijuana alone) in the “other cohort” compared to the NPNC cohort (P=.002).

CONCLUSION:
The majority of UDS for NPNC were negative, or positive for marijuana alone. Our findings show potential for harm, and no added utility, when using NPNC as an indication for collecting a UDS as reporting marijuana alone to government agencies may have disproportionately negative effects for Black patients.
Barriers and Facilitators to Telemedicine Contraception Among Patients Who Speak Spanish: A Qualitative Study [ID 2692431]
Authors: Meurice Marielle , Kully Gennifer , Averbach Sarah , Marengo Antoinette , Nodorac Jesse , Mody Sheila K. 
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the barriers and facilitators of telemedicine for contraception care among patients who speak Spanish using a community-based participatory research approach.

METHODS:
We interviewed 20 patients after telemedicine and in-person contraception visits conducted in Spanish at Planned Parenthood of the Pacific Southwest in Southern California. Two coders analyzed the data using content analysis.

RESULTS:
Most participants had some college education (14, 65%) and public insurance (18, 90%). Most chose a short-acting contraceptive method (11, 55%). Five key themes were identified. 1) Participants reported less comfort with video technology and a preference to not be seen during the appointment, therefore preferring audio-only for telemedicine visits. 2) Participants did not report difficulty with Spanish interpreters using telemedicine. 3) Telemedicine has conveniences related to time, work, childcare, and transportation but may have inconveniences related to method receipt. 4) Preference for comprehensive care with physical examination and familiarity of the in-clinic model motivated people who sought in-person care rather than technology barriers with telemedicine. 5) There is trust in the privacy and confidentiality of the visits, but privacy at home for the individual may affect choice for in-person care.

CONCLUSION:
Many patients who speak Spanish preferred audio-only technology for telemedicine contraception visits. Use of interpreters and technology were not perceived barriers for care. There is a need for prospective studies comparing the quality of telemedicine among patients who speak Spanish for contraception care.
A Qualitative Study of Transgender and Nonbinary Perspectives Regarding the Desired Properties of a Peer Support Intervention for the Initiation of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy [ID 2683451]
Authors: Kinnear Hadrian M. , Hosea Forrest , Reynolds Jayne , Stroumsa Daphna 
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Transgender and nonbinary (TNB) people experience significant mental health disparities and challenges accessing gender-affirming care. Peer support interventions have been shown to improve mental health in other populations and contexts but have not been uniquely tailored to the initiation of gender-affirming hormones. This study aims to identify the desired properties of a peer support intervention for TNB people initiating gender-affirming hormones.

METHODS:
We conducted semistructured interviews with TNB adults who had initiated or attempted to initiate gender-affirming hormones (IRB: HUM00203630: approved/exempt; gender-affirmation: off-label). Participants were selected by snowball and purposive sampling methods. Interview questions focused on the participants' experiences with peer support and their vision for ideal peer support while initiating hormones. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using reflective thematic analysis with inductive and deductive coding. A TNB community advisory board collaborated in the study design and interviews were conducted by TNB research team members.

RESULTS:
The ages of the participants ranged from 20 to 52 years (mean=32); 8/18 identified as men or trans men; 4/18 identified as nonbinary; 3/18 identified as women or trans women; 3/18 identified as genderqueer or genderfluid; 10/18 identified as a person of color. Themes include the importance of 1) trans community knowledge in guiding hormone therapy decisions, 2) having support structures attend to intersectional identities, and 3) recognizing barriers to peer engagement, including anxieties about fitting in and internalized transphobia.

CONCLUSION:
Centering TNB voices is essential in designing a peer support intervention for hormone initiation. Our participants offered nuanced approaches for how to share information about hormones, attend to intersectional identities, and navigate barriers to peer engagement.
Patient Perceptions on the Use of Gender-Inclusive Language in Obstetrics and Gynecology: A Qualitative Study [ID 2683479]
Authors: Dinelli John , Govindarajan Preethi , Piatelli Alissa , Margolis Benjamin 
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION:
This qualitative study explored how gender-inclusive language affects patients receiving care from obstetrician–gynecologists.

METHODS:
Purposive sampling was used to ensure a diverse population of participants. Semistructured video interviews were used to explore perceptions of gender-inclusive language. Interviews were transcribed, coded, and analyzed via ATLAS.ti.

RESULTS:
Fourteen interviews were completed. Fifty-seven percent of participants were 18–30 years old. Fourteen percent of participants were over 50 years old. Twenty-nine percent of participants identified as a gender other than female. Terms including “maternity,” “women's health,” and “chestfeeding,” elicited varied responses. Gender inclusivity statements made by national obstetrics and gynecology organizations were variably perceived as either appropriate, needing revision, or harmful to gender-diverse patients. Predominant themes include the following: 1) affirming language and inclusiveness are critical, “it could definitely … save somebody's life just by making them comfortable”; 2) varied patient experiences within health care should be respected; 3) there is a preference towards individualized language over neutral language, “It's good to be more inclusive in a way that doesn't diminish the importance of the individual person”; 4) perceived threats of inclusive language include medicalization of language, lack of recognition of women's rights efforts, and alienation of conservative individuals who may disagree with language changes, “I don't want … care that mostly affects cis-women to become … obscured or … diminished.”

CONCLUSION:
The transition towards gender-inclusive language in obstetrics and gynecology health care is pivotal. Balancing inclusivity, individuality, and historical terminology is a complex task that requires thoughtful input from diverse populations.
Fertility Preservation in the Transgender and Nonbinary Population: A Survey Study [ID 2683653]
Authors: Hastings Charlotte , Damiano Ella A. , Pepin Renee 
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION:
To date, there are little data discussing fertility preservation desires of transgender and nonbinary adults. This study seeks to examine the demographic characteristics of transgender and nonbinary adults interested in or who have pursued fertility preservation as well as assess the barriers these adults face when interested in fertility preservation.

METHODS:
An online survey was designed by a team of researchers at an academic medical center. It was assessed for readability by an expert in survey design and reviewed for relevance by members of the transgender and nonbinary communities. It was distributed to an international audience. Participants were 18+, English-speaking, identified as non-cisgender, and had interest or previous experience in completing fertility preservation. The survey was distributed online from November 2022 to May 2023. Results were analyzed using REDCap Stats & Charts software.

RESULTS:
In total, 102 participants initiated the survey. Fifty-three participants met inclusion criteria for analysis. The majority of participants identified either as transgender woman (43.3%; 23) or nonbinary (32.1%; 17), with 18.9% (10) identifying as transgender man. 17 (32.1%) participants had previously preserved eggs, sperm, or embryos, and 36 (67.9%) were interested in, but had not yet pursued, fertility preservation. Of participants who had completed preservation, 94.1% (16) were assigned male at birth. Of those interested in fertility preservation, 61.8% (21) were assigned female at birth. In terms of barriers to preservation, 63.8% (23) quoted cost as a barrier, despite 91.4% (32) having insurance.

CONCLUSION:
This survey demonstrates that transgender and nonbinary adults are both interested in and have pursued fertility preservation. In our study sample, only transgender women had been able to complete fertility preservation, which may be illustrative of the more arduous and costly process of preserving oocytes versus sperm. Our results demonstrate, as anticipated, cost continues to be the most common barrier to fertility preservation.
Maternal Contraception Education Increases the Use of Highly Effective Contraceptive Methods Postpartum [ID 2683527]
Authors: Wideman Lauren N. , Ehrlich Samantha , Rand Bethany , Young Megan Lacy , Maples Jill M. , Zite Nikki 
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Postpartum contraception planning is important for preventing short-interval pregnancies especially in populations at increased risk for adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes, such as those with gestational diabetes. This study evaluated the effect of antenatal contraception education on postpartum contraception plans and actual postpartum contraceptive use in patients with pregnancy hyperglycemia.

METHODS:
This pilot two-arm randomized controlled trial (Project Wellness, NCT04209348) assigned patients to receive contraception education (intervention, n=10) or standard-of-care (control, n=9). Postpartum contraceptive plans were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Contraceptive effectiveness was assessed pre- and post-intervention and 3 months postpartum. The primary outcome was a change in contraceptive plan from pre to post intervention (yes/no). The secondary outcome was contraceptive effectiveness; categorized as: 1) none, 2) least effective, 3) moderately effective, and 4) most effective methods. Fisher's exact test compared differences in contraceptive plans between groups and Mann–Whitney U test compared contraceptive effectiveness.

RESULTS:
Among participants in the contraception education group, 90% (n=9) changed their postpartum contraceptive plan after intervention, compared to 33.3% (n=3) in the control group (P=.02). Contraceptive effectiveness was significantly higher in the contraception education group immediately post-intervention (P=.045) and at 3 months postpartum (P=.030), compared to the control group.

CONCLUSION:
Structured education and planning for postpartum contraception may increase use of highly effective contraceptive methods in the early postpartum period to optimize family planning goals and decrease short interval births. Further research should evaluate satisfaction with contraception education and planning, and longer-term contraceptive use.