bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A high performance implementation of MPI‐IO for a Lustre file system environment
Authors: Dickens Phillip M. , Logan Jeremy 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIt is often the case that MPI‐IO performs poorly in a Lustre file system environment, although the reasons for such performance have heretofore not been well understood. We hypothesize that such performance is a direct result of the fundamental assumptions upon which most parallel I/O optimizations are based. In particular, it is almost universally believed that parallel I/O performance is optimized when aggregator processes perform large, contiguous I/O operations in parallel. Our research, however, shows that this approach can actually provide the worst performance in a Lustre environment, and that the best performance may be obtained by performing a large number of small, non‐contiguous I/O operations. In this paper, we provide empirical results demonstrating these non‐intuitive results and explore the reasons for such unexpected performance. We present our solution to the problem, which is embodied in a user‐level library termed Y‐Lib, which redistributes the data in a way that conforms much more closely with the Lustre storage architecture than does the data redistribution pattern employed by MPI‐IO. We provide a large body of experimental results, taken across two large‐scale Lustre installations, demonstrating that Y‐Lib outperforms MPI‐IO by up to 36% on one system and 1000% on the other. We discuss the factors that impact the performance improvement obtained by Y‐Lib, which include the number of aggregator processes and Object Storage Devices, as well as the power of the system's communications infrastructure. We also show that the optimal data redistribution pattern for Y‐Lib is dependent upon these same factors. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accelerating the scalable city
Authors: Brown Sheldon , Kho Kristen , Lee Kwangyoon , Hill Erik 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe creation of a contemporary artwork –The Scalable City—explores the possibilities and implications of new technologies in general and the Cell processor (CP) in particular. In general, new technologies provide new methods for describing and acting in the world. Creating new forms of art can be a means of understanding and furthering this process; however, this has not been the typical relationship between the leading edges of cultural and technological experiments in the 20 th century. The approaches taken to create The Scalable City provide an example of how these goals can correlate in an effective way, as its aim is the creation of a 3D interactive graphics application, highlighting the ongoing algorithmicization of the world at large. In its creation, computational bottlenecks have been encountered, which compromised its aesthetic and conceptual goals. The core component of this work is a world depicting transforming landscapes, networks of roads and emergent structures. Within the operation of the artwork, each is transformed by interactions of the viewer, algorithms and the initial data. The computational demands of some of these transformations exceed the capability of standard methods using a single host compute environment. Sheldon Brown and the members of his Experimental Game Lab at the Center for Research in Computing and the Arts at UCSD developed means of using CP compute servers to overcome these limitations. The authors detail their encounters with Cell processing, from initial efforts, discovery of the affordances and limitations of Cell processing, and its eventual application to the project. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photoswitchable Fluorescent Nanoparticles: Preparation, Properties and Applications
Authors: Tian Zhiyuan , Wu Wuwei , Li Alexander D. Q. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis minireview highlights recent advances of research dedicated to photoswitchable fluorescent nanoparticles and their applications. Recently, several strategies have been developed to synthesize nanoparticles with optically switchable emission properties: either fluorescence on/off or dual‐alternating‐color fluorescence photoswitching. The underlying mechanisms of fluorescence photoswitching enable many different types of photoswitchable fluorescent nanoparticles to change fluorescence colors, thus validating the basis of the initial photoswitching design. Among all possible applications, the usage of photoswitchable fluorescent nanoparticles to empower super‐resolution fluorescence imaging and to label biological targets was subsequently reviewed. Finally, we summarize the important areas regarding future research and development on photoswitchable fluorescent nanoparticles.
Oligothiophene Self‐Assembly on the Surface of ZnO Nanorods: Toward Coaxial p–n Hybrid Heterojunctions
Authors: Martini Cyril , Poize Guillaume , Ferry Daniel , Kanehira Daiki , Yoshimoto Noriyuki , Ackermann Jörg , Fages Frédéric 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe describe herein the design, synthesis and detailed structural characterization of hybrid 1D nanostructures. They are prepared by supramolecular self‐assembly of oligothiophene molecules on the surface of zinc oxide nanorods in solution at room temperature. Electronic absorption spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction show that both organic and inorganic components in the coaxial p–n heterojunctions are crystalline. Especially, it is demonstrated that the organic compounds form a self‐assembled monolayer at the surface of the nanorods, which is not the case when zinc oxide quantum dots are instead used. As a result of their hybrid nature, the 1D nanostructures lead to ambipolar semiconducting nanostructured materials as active layers in field‐effect transistors.
Flow cytometry APC‐tandem dyes are degraded through a cell‐dependent mechanism
Authors: Le Roy Christine , Varin‐Blank Nadine , Ajchenbaum‐Cymbalista Florence , Letestu Rémi 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTechnological developments of multiparametric flow cytometry come along with the generation of new dyes. The APC‐tandem dyes, which combine the fluorophores APC and Cy7/H7, allow the detection of a specific signal in the APC‐Cy7/H7 channel along with an unexpected nonspecific signal in the APC channel. Depending on the magnitude of the latter, it may be a handicap for interpreting the data of multicolor labeling experiments. We investigated the alteration of the APC‐tandem dyes by labeling peripheral blood cells with antibodies directed toward leukocyte surface proteins and by analyzing cells by flow cytometry. Our results show that the APC‐Cy7/H7 tandem fluorochromes degraded over time. Nonspecific APC signal was observed with the various antibodies tested only upon cell attachment but not under bead linkage. Moreover, the percentage of degradation of the APC‐Cy7/H7 dyes was dependent on the cell type analyzed. Interestingly, nonspecific APC signal strongly decreased when the metabolic activity of immunolabeled cells was inhibited or when cells were incubated with vitamin C. This study demonstrates that the APC‐tandem dyes are the target of cell‐dependent degradation, which may be antagonized. These findings will allow cytometer users to optimize their multicolor panels. © 2009 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Automated multichannel fluorescent whole slide imaging and its application for cytometry
Authors: Varga Viktor Sebestyén , Ficsor Levente , Kamarás Viktor , Jónás Viktor , Virág Tibor , Tulassay Zsolt , Molnár Béla 
Published: September 2009

AbstractSlide‐based image cytometry (SBC) has several advantages over flow cytometry but it is not widely used because of its low throughput, complicated workflow, and high price. Fully automated microscopes became affordable with the advent of whole slide imaging (WSI) and they can be transformed into a cytometer. A MIRAX MIDI automated whole slide imager was used with metal‐halide and light emitting diode (LED)‐based fluorescent illumination, filter block changer, and a cooled monochrome charge coupled device camera. The MIRAX control software was further developed for fluorescent sample detection, autofocusing, multichannel digitization, and signal correction due to nonuniform illumination. Fluorescent calibration beads were used to verify the linearity of the system. The HistoQuant software package of the MIRAX viewer was used for image segmentation and quantitative analysis. The data was displayed by the histogram, scatter plot, and gallery functions of the same program. Fluorescent samples can be reliably detected, focused, and scanned. The measured integrated fluorescence showed linearity with exposure time and staining intensity. Automated fluorescent WSI with stable LED illumination and high‐quality homogeneous fluorescent slides can be used conveniently for SBC. © 2009 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Nachweis der Feuerwiderstandsklasse von Mauerwerk – Aktuelle Aussagen im Rahmen der Überarbeitung von DIN 4102:1994‐03 und DIN 4102‐4/A1:2004‐11 sowie DIN 4102‐22:2004‐11
Authors: Hirsch Roland , Hahn Christiane , Jäger Wolfram 
Published: September 2009

AbstractMit der Umstellung der Mauerwerksbemessung in DIN 1053‐100 [1] auf das neue Teil sicherheitskonzept nach DIN 1055‐100:2001‐03 [2] wurde auch eine Spezifizierung für den Nachweis der Feuerwiderstandsklasse von Mauerwerksbauteilen in Abschnitt 7 von DIN 4102‐22:2004‐11 [3] erforderlich, da bisher dazu keine Aussage enthalten war. Sie hängt wesentlich von der Auslastung der Wand ab, weshalb mit Übergang auf das semiprobabilistische Sicherheitskonzept für die Aussagen in DIN 4102‐4:1994‐03/A1:2004‐11 ([4], [5]) eine Anpassung erforderlich wurde (vgl. [6]). Auf der Widerstandsseite sind in [1] bei der Bemessung im kalten Zustand Veränderungen gegenüber der DIN 1053‐1:1996‐11 [7] vorgenommen worden, die einerseits auf der formalen Seite, andererseits aber auch auf der inhaltlichen Seite liegen. Die Ergänzung hat dann ihren Niederschlag in der Musterliste der Technischen Baubestimmungen vom Februar 2008 [8] gefunden, wobei die Aussagen auf das vereinfachte Verfahren nach DIN 1053‐100 beschränkt waren. Offen blieb dabei die Frage, wie bei dem genaueren Verfahren sowohl nach DIN 1053‐1:1996‐11 [7] als auch nach DIN 1053‐100:2006‐08 [1] bzw. 2007‐09 [9] zu verfahren sei.Der Beitrag stellt das nunmehr vervollständigte und abgerundete Ergebnis in kurzer Form dar und gibt Erläuterungen dazu. Der Entwurf soll in die aktuellen Änderungen der DIN 4102‐4 ([4], [5]) sowie ‐22 [3] eingehen. Es bleibt dabei aber im Wesentlichen bei dem Bezug auf das Belastungsniveau der DIN 1053‐1:1996‐11 im vereinfachten Verfahren. Die Erschließung von Tragreserven ist im Einzelfall durch zusätzliche Brandprüfungen erfolgt.
Gebäudestandards der Zukunft durch nachhaltiges Bauen entwickeln
Authors: Hegner Hans‐Dieter 
Published: September 2009

AbstractNachhaltige Entwicklung ist ein vielschichtiger, komplexer Prozess, der dringend nach einer messbaren Bewertung verlangt. Es besteht die Gefahr, dass sich der Begriff schnell zu einer hohlen Metapher entwickelt. Die Errichtung nachhaltiger Gebäude und Bauwerke benötigt mehr denn je klare Regeln und Benchmarks. Die Bewertung des Beitrages von Einzelbauwerken zu einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung führen zur Forderung der Entwicklung eines Gesamtsystems zur Beschreibung und Beurteilung von Gebäuden einschließlich des Grundstücks.Die Entwicklung, Erprobung und Anwendung von Systemen zur Beschreibung, Bewertung und Zertifizierung der Nachhaltigkeit von Gebäuden ist dabei an eine Reihe von Voraussetzungen gebunden. Insbesondere der Übergang zu einem überwiegend auf quantitativen Bewertungen basierenden Bewertungs‐ und Zertifizierungssystem stellt eine erhebliche Herausforderung dar. Mit einem nicht unerheblichen Aufwand sind methodische Grundlagen zu entwickeln, Daten für die ökologische und ökonomische Bewertung zur Verfügung zu stellen und Bewertungsmaßstäbe zu erarbeiten. Parallel hierzu sind Investoren und Planer mit geeigneten Hilfsmitteln zur Formulierung von Zielen, zur Untersuchung von Varianten sowie zum Informationsaustausch zur Verfügung zu stellen. Es wird dargestellt, wie ein Zertifizierungssystem in ein Paket sich gegenseitig ergänzender und unterstützender Planungs‐ und Bewertungshilfsmittel eingeordnet werden kann.
Erfahrungsbericht nachhaltiges Bauen, Planen und Betreiben von Gewerbeimmobilien
Authors: Heße Markus 
Published: September 2009

AbstractNachdem die Einführung der Energieeinsparverordnung zum 1. 10. 2009 beschlossen ist, rückt nunmehr wieder die Nachhaltigkeit von Gebäuden in den Vordergrund. Im letzten Jahr wurden hierbei erste Gewerbeimmobilien in Deutschland mit Kriteriensteckbriefen im Rahmen der Vorgaben der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Nachhaltiges Bauen e. V. (DGNB) untersucht. Auf der BAU2009 in München wurden dann die ersten Gütesiegel für 16 Gebäude durch das Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Bau‐ und Stadtentwicklung (BMVBS) und der DGNB verliehen. Der folgende Beitrag gibt einen Erfahrungsbericht zu dem Zertifizierungssystem (Stand 2008) für eine Gewerbeimmobilie in Hannover wieder und betrachtet dabei den Einfluss der verwendeten Mauerwerksbaustoffe auf den Zertifizierungsprozess. Obwohl das Gebäude am Ende nicht zertifiziert wurde, soll hiermit dargestellt werden, dass nachhaltiges Bauen auch einer der Megatrends, nicht nur für die Investoren von Gewerbeimmobilien, für die Mauerwerksindustrie ist. Dieser Trend ist unabhängig von den vorhandenen Zertifizierungssystemen, da der beschriebene Umgang mit dem Begriff der Nachhaltigkeit mehr an Bedeutung im Mauerwerksbau gewinnt. Dies beginnt bei der Baustoffherstellung und wird über die Verarbeitung bis hin zur Umnutzung oder Rückbau einer Immobilie in der Gesamtbewertung immer wichtiger und ist daher von den Mauerwerksherstellern eine nicht mehr zu unterschätzende Größe.
Maternal prenatal anxiety, postnatal caregiving and infants' cortisol responses to the still‐face procedure
Authors: Grant Kerry‐Ann , McMahon Catherine , Austin Marie‐Paule , Reilly Nicole , Leader Leo , Ali Sinan 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis study prospectively examined the separate and combined influences of maternal prenatal anxiety disorder and postnatal caregiving sensitivity on infants' salivary cortisol responses to the still‐face procedure. Effects were assessed by measuring infant salivary cortisol upon arrival at the laboratory, and at 15‐, 25‐, and 40‐min following the still‐face procedure. Maternal symptoms of anxiety during the last 6 months of pregnancy were assessed using clinical diagnostic interview. Data analyses using linear mixed models were based on 88 women and their 7‐month‐old infants. Prenatal anxiety and maternal sensitivity emerged as independent, additive moderators of infant cortisol reactivity, F (3, 180) = 3.29, p = .02, F (3, 179) = 2.68, p = .05 respectively. Results were independent of maternal prenatal depression symptoms, and postnatal symptoms of anxiety and depression. Infants' stress‐induced cortisol secretion patterns appear to relate not only to exposure to maternal prenatal anxiety, but also to maternal caregiving sensitivity, irrespective of prenatal psychological state. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 51: 625–637, 2009
Psychophysiological correlates of parenting behavior in mothers of young children
Authors: Mills‐Koonce W. Roger , Propper Cathi , Gariepy Jean‐Louis , Barnett Melissa , Moore Ginger A. , Calkins Susan , Cox Martha J. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis study investigated HPA and vagal functioning as correlates of parenting in mothers of 175 six‐month‐old children. Salivary cortisol indexed HPA functioning and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) reduction indexed vagal regulation. Positive engagement and negative intrusiveness were observed during the Face‐to‐Face Still Face Paradigm (FFSFP) reunion and a semi‐structured free play episode. Mixed modeling was used to examine differences in maternal behaviors across contexts as a function of psychophysiology. Main effects of cortisol levels, as well as interactions with RSA reduction and context, predicted negative intrusiveness. Mothers with high cortisol exhibited more negative intrusiveness if they also had lower RSA reduction. Mothers were also less negatively intrusive during the FFSFP than the free play if they had lower cortisol levels. There were no associations between psychophysiological measures and positive engagement. The findings suggest: (1) that parenting behaviors are associated with maternal stress physiology; (2) considerations of single physiological systems related to parenting behaviors may be incomplete; and (3) type and context of behaviors must be considered when examining biobehavioral associations with parenting. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 51: 650–661, 2009
Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of Rhodium Bipyridine Compounds: Formation of a RhII Hydrido Cluster and a RhIII Peroxido Complex
Authors: Penner Anna , Schröder Tobias , Braun Thomas , Ziemer Burkhard 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTreatment of [Rh(μ‐Cl)(coe)2]2 (coe = cyclooctene) with 4,4′‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine (tbbpy) gives the bipyridine complex [Rh(Cl)(tbbpy)(coe)] (1). A subsequent reaction with dihydrogen results in the formation of the cluster [{Rh(Cl)(H)(tbbpy)}]4 (2). The reaction of [Rh(μ‐Cl)(coe)2]2 with tbbpy in thf followed by the addition of CNtBu affords [Rh(Cl)(tbbpy)(CNtBu)] (3). The latter reacts with O2 or 18O2 to yield the peroxido complexes [Rh(Cl)(O2)(tbbpy)(CNtBu)] (4a) and [Rh(Cl)(18O2)(tbbpy)‐(CNtBu)] (4b), respectively. Complexes 1–4 were characterized by X‐ray crystallography. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
1,8‐Naphthyridine Revisited: Applications in Dimetal Chemistry (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 27/2009)
Authors: Bera Jitendra K. , Sadhukhan Nabanita , Majumdar Moumita 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe cover picture shows various applications of naphthyridine derivatives (NP‐R) in dimetal chemistry developed in our laboratory. The cis/trans isomerization of NP‐R ligands on a quadruply bonded dimolybdenum(II) platform, axial modulation of the metal–metal bond in dimetal paddlewheel complexes, C–H bond activation and C–C bond formation at the axial site of the [Ru2(CO)4]2+ core, the chemistry of ferrocene–naphthyridine hybrid ligands in accessing diiridium compounds and a host of mixed‐metal compounds are described in the Microreview by J. K. Bera et al. on p. 4023 ff. The multicolour background signifies the versatility of NP‐R ligands in dimetal chemistry. The image at the top‐right corner emphasizes the importance of naphthyridine derivatives in medicinal chemistry. A line drawing of nalidixic acid, the key ingredient of the anti‐bacterial drug GramoNeg (Ranbaxy, India), is seen floating on the image. Contributions from the Design Program, IIT Kanpur and Dr. Nirmal Kumar, principal medical officer at IIT Kanpur, in the preparation of this cover picture are deeply appreciated.
Fast single run of vanilla fingerprint markers on microfluidic‐electrochemistry chip for confirmation of common frauds
Authors: Ávila Mónica , Zougagh Mohammed , Escarpa Alberto , Ríos Ángel 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA new strategy based on the fast separation of the fingerprint markers of Vanilla planifolia extracts and vanilla‐related samples on microfluidic‐electrochemistry chip is proposed. This methodology allowed the detection of all required markers for confirmation of common frauds in this field. The elution order was strategically connected with sequential sample screening and analyte confirmation steps, where first ethyl vanillin was detected to distinguish natural from adultered samples; second, vanillin as prominent marker in V. planifolia, but frequently added in its synthetic form; and third, the final detection of the fingerprint markers (p‐hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillic acid, and p‐hydroxybenzoic acid) of V. planifolia with confirmation purposes. The reliability of the proposed methodology was demonstrated in the confirmation the natural or non‐natural origin of vanilla in samples using V. planifolia extracts and other selected food samples containing this flavor.
Comparison of detection performance of UV and electrochemical detection in NACE for a range of different capillary inner diameters
Authors: Blasco Sonia , Kortz Linda , Matysik Frank‐Michael 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA systematic comparison of UV and electrochemical detection (ED) in conjunction with NACE has been performed for capillaries with different ids ranging from 75 down to 2 μm. Ferrocene, (ferrocenylmethyl)trimethylammonium acetate, atropine and scopolamine served as model analytes. All studies were done using an ACN‐based nonaqueous electrophoresis buffer. For the comparison of detection performance, particular attention was paid to the absolute and relative LODs for decreasing capillary dimensions. In case of UV detection, a significant increase in relative LODs was typically observed for capillaries smaller than 25 μm in diameter, while the absolute LODs remained nearly constant over a wide range of capillary dimensions. In contrast, ED showed some increase in relative LODs for capillaries smaller than 10 μm in diameter, but the absolute LODs decreased over the complete range of capillary diameters studied. It could be demonstrated that the straightforward end‐column ED with microdisk electrodes can be applied in conjunction with small id (2 μm) capillaries. Studies with (ferrocenylmethyl)trimethylammonium acetate using such small capillaries resulted in relative and absolute LODs of 7.5×10−7 and 8×10−18 mol/L, respectively.
Design and testing of a packaged microfluidic cell for the multiplexed electrochemical detection of cancer markers
Authors: Henry Olivier Yves , Fragoso Alex , Beni Valerio , Laboria Noemi , Sánchez Josep Lluis Acero , Latta Daniel , Von Germar Frithoj , Drese Klaus , Katakis Ioanis , O'Sullivan Ciara Kathleen 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe present the rapid prototyping of electrochemical sensor arrays integrated to microfluidics towards the fabrication of integrated microsystems prototypes for point‐of‐care diagnostics. Rapid prototyping of microfluidics was realised by high‐precision milling of polycarbonate sheets, which offers flexibility and rapid turnover of the desired designs. On the other hand, the electrochemical sensor arrays were fabricated using standard photolithographic and metal (gold and silver) deposition technology in order to realise three‐electrode cells comprising gold counter and working electrodes as well as silver reference electrode. The integration of fluidic chips and electrode arrays was realised via a laser‐machined double‐sided adhesive gasket that allowed creating the microchannels necessary for sample and reagent delivery. We focused our attention on the reproducibility of the electrode array preparation for the multiplexed detection of tumour markers such as carcinoembryonic antigen and prostate‐specific antigen as well as genetic breast cancer markers such as estrogen receptor‐α, plasminogen activator urokinase receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor and erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2. We showed that by carefully controlling the electrode surface pre‐treatment and derivatisation via thiolated antibodies or short DNA probes that the detection of several key health parameters on a single chip was achievable with excellent reproducibility and high sensitivity.