bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defense Mechanisms and Physiological Reactivity to Stress
Authors: Cramer Phebe 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe relation between the use of defense mechanisms and autonomic nervous system reactivity, under conditions of laboratory stress, was studied in 78 men and women. Both diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and skin conductance level (SCL) were monitored during exposure to ten stress tasks; concurrently, the use of three defense mechanisms was assessed by coding Thematic Apperception Test stories. Autonomic reactivity was found to be related to defenses; the nature of that relation differed across the defenses. DBP, typically found to be associated with cognitive work, was higher in those individuals who used more Identification, a defense that requires greater cognitive activity. The use of Projection, on the other hand, was associated with lower DBP. In addition, the use of Identification showed a tendency to be associated with lower SCL.
Testing the Stress‐Buffering Effects of Self Engagement Among Soldiers on a Military Operation
Authors: Britt Thomas W. , Bliese Paul D. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe present research examined whether self engagement moderated the stressor‐strain relationship in a sample of U.S. soldiers deployed on a peacekeeping mission to Bosnia. Given that individuals were nested within groups (Army companies), we examined the relationships of interest using multilevel random coefficient models. The results of these analyses revealed that self engagement interacted with three different stressors (lower amounts of sleep, work stress, family stress) in the prediction of psychological distress. In support of self engagement as a buffer against stress, when stressors were low (high amounts of sleep, low levels of work stress, and family stress), soldiers reported relatively low levels of psychological distress and physical symptoms, regardless of whether they were engaged in or disengaged from their job. However, when stressor levels were high, soldiers who were engaged in their job reported less elevation in reports of psychological distress than soldiers who were disengaged from their job. The results are discussed in terms of the potential mechanisms by which self engagement might protect individuals from stressful circumstances.
Interpersonal Orientation and the Accuracy of Personality Judgments
Authors: Vogt Dawne S. , Randall Colvin C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAre those who are more invested in developing and maintaining interpersonal relationships able to provide more accurate judgments of others' personality characteristics? Previous research has produced mixed findings. In the present study, a conceptual framework was presented and methods were used that overcome many of the problems encountered in past research on judgmental accuracy. On four occasions, 102 judges watched a 12‐min videotaped dyadic interaction and described the personality of a designated target person. Judges' personality characteristics were described by self, parents, and friends. Results revealed that psychological communion was positively associated with judges' accuracy in rating targets' personality characteristics. In addition, whereas women were more communal and provided more accurate judgments than men, the relationship between communion and accuracy held after controlling for the effect of gender. Finally, preliminary findings suggested that interpersonally oriented individuals may sometimes draw on information about themselves and about stereotypical others to facilitate accurate judgments of others.
The Tripartite Model of Neuroticism and the Suppression of Depression and Anxiety Within an Escalation of Commitment Dilemma
Authors: Moon Henry , Hollenbeck John R. , Humphrey Stephen E. , Maue Brian 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe found evidence of a mutual suppression effect between anxiety and depression on an individual's level of commitment within escalation dilemmas. On the one hand, our results demonstrate a positive relationship between anxiety and level of commitment; on the other, our results demonstrate a negative relationship between depression and level of commitment. Based on the opposing relationships between anxiety and depression and commitment, the broad factor of neuroticism does not demonstrate any relationship with level of commitment, and the significant effects of anxiety and depression on commitment is contingent upon partialling the effect of the other facet of neuroticism. Thus, we contend that applied psychologists, who have focused on neuroticism as a broad construct, should consider the large body of work among clinical psychologists, who argue that anxiety and depression have unique variance associated with them. We conclude by addressing organizational implications of measuring the broad trait of neuroticism more narrowly.
A Multilevel Analysis of the Interpersonal Behavior of Socially Anxious People
Authors: Oakman Jonathan , Gifford Shannon , Chlebowsky Natasha 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe investigate the interpersonal behavior of socially anxious (SA) and non‐socially anxious (NSA) individuals at three different levels of analysis, focusing on the dimensions of warmth and dominance. Study 1 examines self‐reported general interaction styles, Study 2 explores behavior occurring within the context of a single interaction, and in Study 3 we focus on the performance of a single conversational act (a disagreement). Studies 1 and 2 adopt the framework of Interpersonal Circumplex Theory (IPC; Kiesler, 1983), which is well suited for studying trait‐level and interaction‐level social behaviors, while Study 3 is grounded in Politeness Theory (PT; Brown & Levinson, 1987), which can be used to analyze individual acts at the microstructural level. The potential mutual relevance of PT and IPC is also discussed.
Accurate Intelligence Assessments in Social Interactions: Mediators and Gender Effects
Authors: Murphy Nora A. , Hall Judith A. , Colvin C. Randall 
Published: September 2010

AbstractResearch indicates that people can assess a stranger's measured intelligence more accurately than expected by chance, based on minimal information involving appearance and behavior. The present research documents behavioral correlates of perceived and measured intelligence and identifies behaviors that mediate the relationship between perceived and measured intelligence. In particular, when judges rated targets with video and auditory stimuli available, responsiveness to conversation partner, eye‐gaze, and looking at partner while speaking were each significant mediators in the accurate assessment of intelligence. Each of those behaviors, as well as the percentage of looking at partner while speaking as a function of the target's own speaking time, were significant mediators in the video silent condition. Additionally, judge and target gender contributed to accurate intelligence assessments.
A Multisource Approach to Self‐Critical Vulnerability to Depression: The Moderating Role of Attachment*
Authors: Besser Avi , Priel Beatriz 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe present study investigated the effects of self‐criticism, dependency, and attachment variables in depression among couples. We utilized a multisource design that involved self‐reports and spouse reports of personality and depression. This approach enabled us to explore the patterns of relations between self‐reported and the spouse's report of the partner's view of self‐criticism, dependency, and attachment dimensions, as well as the contribution of the latter to the moderation of distress. Participants were 120 couples in their first marriages. It was found that: (1) Self‐ and spouses' reported self‐criticism are both associated with depression; (2) negative assessments of personality factors and attachment models by the self and spouse contribute uniquely in predicting depressive symptomatology; and (3) beyond the covariation between target's depression and marital maladjustment, attachment models of self and of other as reported by both the self and spouse moderate the effects of self‐reported personality vulnerability on depressive symptomatology. Our results indicate that self‐ratings and ratings by others must both be considered in the context of depression in close interpersonal relationships. Beyond the methodological implications of multisource data, our findings support the view of depression as an interpersonal process.
Relating momentary affect to the ﬁve factor model of personality: A Japanese case1
Authors: Yik Michelle S. M. , Russell James A. , Suzuki Naoto 
Published: September 2010

Abstract: This article shows that fundamental aspects of the structure of momentary affect are similar in Japanese and Canadian societies. We developed questionnaire scales in Japanese in four different formats for assessing self‐reported momentary affect. Scales can be scored for dimensions deﬁned by Feldman Barrett and Russell (1998), Thayer (1996), Larsen and Diener (1992), and Watson and Tellegen (1985). We administered these newly developed affect scales and NEO ﬁve‐factor inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1992) to a sample of 450 Japanese respondents. The affect scales were found to be psychometrically sound and to be interrelated, as found with English‐speaking Canadians. Dimensions could be integrated into a two‐dimensional affective space. Personality correlated with momentary affect, though not in the same pattern as found in Canada.
Short‐term visual memory for contour curvature in a delayed discrimination task
Authors: Sakai Koji 
Published: September 2010

Abstract: A two‐interval forced‐choice of constant stimuli was used to measure the point of subjective equality (PSE) and discrimination threshold for standard contour curvature (1.91, 3.24 deg−1) held in short‐term visual memory (STVM). At both standard curvatures, the PSE for remembered curvature was nearly constant for standard curvature from 2 s to 16 s retention intervals, while the discrimination threshold increased as a linear function of retention interval. These results show that the decay in STVM for contour curvature is due to the noisy representation of curvature, neither to fading of the represented curvature nor to converging to the constant curvature. Furthermore, the Weber fraction was nearly constant for both standard curvatures at any delay from 2 to 16 s.
Microarray and allergenic activity assessment of milk allergens
Authors: Hochwallner H. , Schulmeister U. , Swoboda I. , Balic N. , Geller B. , Nystrand M. , Härlin A. , Thalhamer J. , Scheiblhofer S. , Niggemann B. , Quirce S. , Ebner C. , Mari A. , Pauli G. , Herz U. , Van Tol E.A.F. , Valenta R. , Spitzauer S. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryBackground
Cow's milk is one of the most common causes of food allergy affecting approximately 2.5% of infants in the first years of their life. However, only limited information regarding the allergenic activity of individual cow's milk allergens is available.Objective
To analyse the frequency of IgE reactivity and to determine the allergenic activity of individual cow's milk allergens.Methods
A nitrocellulose‐based microarray, based on purified natural and recombinant cow's milk allergens was used to determine IgE reactivity profiles using sera from 78 cow's milk‐sensitized individuals of varying ages. The allergenic activity of the individual allergens was tested using patients' sera for loading rat basophil leukaemia cells (RBL) expressing the α‐chain of the human receptor FcɛRI.Results
Using the microarray and the RBL assay, cow's milk allergens were assessed for frequency of IgE recognition and allergenic activity. Moreover, the RBL assay allowed distinguishing individuals without or with mild clinical reactions from those with severe systemic or gastrointestinal symptoms as well as persons who grew out cow's milk allergy from those who did not.Conclusions
Component‐resolved testing using milk allergen microarrays and RBL assays seems to provide useful additional diagnostic information and may represent a basis for future forms of prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for cow's milk allergy. Cite this as: H. Hochwallner, U. Schulmeister, I. Swoboda, N. Balic, B. Geller, M. Nystrand, A. Härlin, J. Thalhamer, S. Scheiblhofer, B. Niggemann, S. Quirce, C. Ebner, A. Mari, G. Pauli, U. Herz, E.A.F. van Tol, R. Valenta and S. Spitzauer, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 1809–1818.
A cytoskeletal actin gene in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae
Authors: Salazar C. E. , Hamm D. Mills , Wesson D. M. , Beard C. B. , Kumar V. , Collins F. H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFive actin genes have been identified in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae, and a constitutively expressed actin gene has been chosen for detailed analysis. We have physically mapped and sequenced this gene and six associated cDNAs, including translated coding regions, as well as the 5 and 3 flanking sequences. Analysis of stage‐specific RNA shows this gene to be present in all stages of mosquito development and in an established A. gambiae cell line, thus indicating a cytoskeietal actin. In the sequence of the translated coding region and in pattern of expression, this gene is very similar to the cytoskeietal actin genes of Droso‐phila melanogaster, and in sequence, equally similar to the Artemia cytoskeietal actin gene 403 (99.2% identity among the three amino acid sequences). Sequencing of this A. gambiae actin gene (designated actWior its location in chromosome division 1D) and selected cDNAs shows that it possesses three alternative leader sequences; thus the gene appears to have three alternative promoters. These promoters should ultimately prove useful in the production of transgenic constructs for constitutive expression.
Tissue specific distribution of Drosophila sarcomeric myosin heavy‐chain protein isoforms
Authors: Crough E. M. , Kazzaz J. A. , Rozek C. E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe sarcomeric myosin heavy‐chain (sMHC) gene of Drosophila is single‐copy and RNA transcription from this gene is developmentally regulated. Numerous sMHC mRNAs that differ in exon composition can be formed by alternate RNA processing. These transcriptional events result in the presence of multiple sMHC isoforms in the developing organism. We have developed and characterized two antibodies which are specific for different types of sarcomeric myosin heavy‐chain protein isoforms in Drosophila and have begun to examine the tissue distribution and function of these various protein isoforms. One of the antibodies (anti‐A) is capable of distinguishing between two classes of sMHC protein isoforms which differ in their carboxy terminal amino acid sequences. The second antibody (anti‐MHC) recognizes a separate and distinct domain in sMHC protein isoforms. We demonstrate the specificity and the utility of these antibodies in examining the developmental and tissue‐specific expression of sMHC protein isoforms in the developing fly.
A cDNA encoding an ADP/ATP carrier from the mosquito Anopheles gamblae
Authors: Beard C. B. , Crews‐Oyen A. E. , Kumar V. K. , Collins F. H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTwo cDNAs are described from Anopheles gamblae that correspond to the ADP/ATP carrier or translocase. The clones are identical exceptfor minor differences in the 5 non‐coding region and in the lengths of the poly‐A tails. They code for mRNAs of 1261 and 1263 bp and contain one open reading frame of 906 bp. A probe made from the 1263 bp cDNA hybridized to bands of approximately 1260 and 1700 bp on developmental Northern blots. The putative 300 amino acid peptide sequence shows from 53.4–78.5% identity to AAC peptide sequences from a range of organisms from Zea maysto human. Both clones mapped to region 26a on the left arm of chromosome 2 in An. gamblae.
20‐Hydroxyecdysone regulation of two isoforms of the Ets transcription factor E74 gene in programmed cell death in the silkworm anterior silk gland
Authors: Sekimoto T. , Iwami M. , Sakurai S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractProgrammed cell death of larval‐specific tissues in insects is under the control of 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E). The ecdysteroid‐regulated early genes are conserved in the programmed cell death of anterior silk glands (ASGs) in Bombyx mori and salivary glands in Drosophila melanogaster. We identified and characterized two isoforms of the Ets transcription factor E74 gene in B. mori (BmE74). In ASGs of B. mori last instar larvae, the Bm74A mRNA level increased concomitantly with an increase in haemolymph ecdysteroid titre after gut purge. The optimal 20E concentration for stimulation of Bm74A in ASGs was 4 µM, a similar value to the peak haemolymph ecdysteroid concentration after gut purge. In contrast, BmE74B expression peaked on day 5 of the feeding period, after which it did not increase again. These findings suggest that the BmE74 isoforms play different roles in the regulation of programmed cell death in B. mori ASGs.
Germ‐line transformation of the Mexican fruit fly
Authors: Condon K. C. , Condon G. C. , Dafa’alla T. H. , Forrester O. T. , Phillips C. E. , Scaife S. , Alphey L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractGerm‐line transformation of a major agricultural pest, the Mexican fruit fly (Anastrepha ludens Loew, Mexfly), was achieved using composite piggyBac transposable elements marked with green, yellow and red fluorescent proteins (CopGreen, PhiYFP and J‐Red). We also investigated the possibility of generating transposon‐free insertions, in order to address potential concerns relating to proposed field use of transgenic Mexfly. We describe a highly efficient method for transforming Mexfly, compare efficiency of piggyBac terminal sequences for transformation and also describe the derivation of a transposon‐free insertion line. The development of an efficient transformation system for Mexfly holds great promise for improved applications of the sterile insect technique, a major component of the present control measures for this economically important pest species.
Targeting ie‐1 gene by RNAi induces baculoviral resistance in lepidopteran cell lines and in transgenic silkworms
Authors: Kanginakudru S. , Royer C. , Edupalli S. V. , Jalabert A. , Mauchamp B. ,   Chandrashekaraiah, Prasad S. V. , Chavancy G. , Couble P. , Nagaraju J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRNA interference (RNAi)‐mediated viral inhibition has been used in a few organisms for eliciting viral resistance. In the present study, we report the use of RNAi in preventing baculovirus infection in a lepidopteran. We targeted the baculoviral immediate early‐1 (ie‐1) gene in both a transformed lepidopteran cell line and in the transgenic silkworm Bombyx mori L. Constitutive expression of double‐stranded RNA was achieved by piggyBac‐mediated transformation of Sf9 cell line with a transgene encoding double‐stranded ie‐1 RNA (dsie‐1). Strong viral repression was seen at early stages of infection but subsequent recovery of viral proliferation was observed. In contrast, the same transgene inserted into the chromosomes of transgenic silkworms induced long‐term inhibition of B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus infection, with nearly 40% protection compared with nontransgenic animals. Protection was efficient at larval stages after oral infection with occlusion bodies or hemocoel injection of budded viruses. Virus injected pupae also displayed resistance. These results show that heritable RNAi can be used to protect silkworm strains from baculovirus infection.
Tetracycline treatment influences mitochondrial metabolism and mtDNA density two generations after treatment in Drosophila
Authors: Ballard J. W. O. , Melvin R. G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTetracycline is commonly used to clear Wolbachia from infected insects. Studies then compare specific biochemical and/or life‐history traits between infected and uninfected individuals with the same genetic background. We investigated the potential for tetracycline to influence mitochondrial efficiency and mitochondrial (mt)DNA density two generations after treatment in Drosophila simulans. We observed that antibiotic treatment resulted in a decline in inorganic phosphate incorporated into ATP per mole of oxygen consumed (ADP:O ratio). Further, tetracycline treatment caused a significant increase in mtDNA density in naturally Wolbachia‐uninfected but not in naturally Wolbachia‐infected lines suggesting a dosage effect. These data suggest that the current practice of comparing Wolbachia‐infected and Wolbachia‐uninfected insects two generations after tetracycline treatment needs to be re‐evaluated.
Diverse Mariner‐like elements in fig wasps
Authors: Haine E. R. , Kabat P. , Cook J. M. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract Mariner transposable elements are widespread and diverse in insects. We screened 10 species of fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) for mariner elements. All 10 species harbour a large diversity of mariner elements, most of which have interrupted reading frames in the transposase gene region, suggesting that they are inactive and ancient. We sequenced two full‐length mariner elements and found evidence to suggest that they are inserted in the genome at a conserved region shared by other hymenopteran taxa. The association between mariner elements and fig wasps is old and dominated by vertical transmission, suggesting that these ‘selfish genetic elements’ have evolved to impart only very low costs to their hosts.
Expression analysis of the FoxP homologue in the brain of the honeybee, Apis mellifera
Authors: Kiya T. , Itoh Y. , Kubo T. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe transcription factor FoxP2 is related to acoustic communication in vertebrates and, although widely expressed in various tissues, its mutations cause a speech disorder in humans and disrupt vocalization in mice. In honeybee colonies, workers transmit information about a food location using ‘dance communication’, which is a form of acoustic communication. We identified a honeybee FoxP2‐homologue, AmFoxP, and investigated its expression in the honeybee brain to elucidate its possible role in dance communication. The relative abundance of AmFoxP mRNA in the worker brain increased during the first 4 days of adult life. In situ hybridization revealed AmFoxP expression around the optic lobes, central complex, dorsal lobes, and protocerebral lobes, which was not dependent on the caste or division of labour.
Over expression of a Cytochrome P450 (CYP6P9) in a Major African Malaria Vector, Anopheles Funestus, Resistant to Pyrethroids
Authors: Amenya D. A. , Naguran R. , Lo T.‐C. M. , Ranson H. , Spillings B. L. , Wood O. R. , Brooke B. D. , Coetzee M. , Koekemoer L. L. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract Anopheles funestus Giles is one of the major African malaria vectors. It has previously been implicated in a major outbreak of malaria in KwaZulu/Natal, South Africa, during the period 1996 to 2000. The re‐emergence of this vector was associated with monooxygenase‐based resistance to pyrethroid insecticides. We have identified a gene from the monooxygenase CYP6 family, CYP6P9, which is over expressed in a pyrethroid resistant strain originating from Mozambique. Quantitative Real‐Time PCR shows that this gene is highly over expressed in the egg and adult stages of the resistant strain relative to the susceptible strain but the larval stages showed almost no difference in expression between strains. This gene is genetically linked to a major locus associated with pyrethroid resistance in this A. funestus population.