bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Re‐Engineering Fungal Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetases by Module Dissection and Duplicated Thiolation Domains
Authors: Yin Miaomiao , Xie Linan , Chen Kang , Zhang Liwen , Yue Qun , Wang Chen , Zeng Juntian , Hao Xiaoyang , Gu Xiaofeng , Molnár István , Xu Yuquan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUnnatural product (uNP) nonribosomal peptides promise to be a valuable source of pharmacophores for drug discovery. However, the extremely large size and complexity of the nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) enzymes pose formidable challenges to the production of such uNPs by combinatorial biosynthesis and synthetic biology. Here we report a new NRPS dissection strategy that facilitates the engineering and heterologous production of these NRPSs. This strategy divides NRPSs into “splitting units”, each forming an enzyme subunit that contains catalytically independent modules. Functional collaboration between the subunits is then facilitated by artificially duplicating, at the N‐terminus of the downstream subunit, the linker ‐ thiolation domain ‐ linker fragment that is resident at the C‐terminus of the upstream subunit. Using the suggested split site that follows a conserved motif in the linker connecting the adenylation and the thiolation domains allows cognate or chimeric splitting unit pairs to achieve productivities that match, and in many cases surpass those of hybrid chimeric enzymes, and even those of intact NRPSs, upon production in a heterologous chassis. Our strategy provides facile options for the rational engineering of fungal NRPSs and for the combinatorial reprogramming of nonribosomal peptide production.
Electrocatalytic Upgrading of Plastic and Biomass‐Derived Polyols to Formamide under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Shi Qiujin , Tang Wengio , Kong Kejian , Liu Xiang , Wang Ye , Duan Haohong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractElectrocatalytic upgrading of wasted plastic and renewable biomass represents a sustainable method to produce chemicals but is limited to carbohydrates, leaving other value‐added chemicals, such as organonitrogen compounds, being scarcely explored. Herein, we reported an electrocatalytic oxidation strategy to transform polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic‐derived ethylene glycol (EG) and biomass‐derived polyols into formamide, in the presence of ammonia (NH3) over a tungsten oxide (WO3) catalyst. Taking EG‐to‐formamide as an example, we achieved a high formamide productivity of 537.7 μmol cm−2 h−1 with FE of 43.2 % at a constant current of 100 mA cm−2 in a flow electrolyzer with 12‐h test, representing a more advantageous performance compared with previous reports for formamide electrosynthesis. Mechanistic understanding revealed that the cleavage of the C−C bond in the EG was facilitated by nucleophilic attack of in situ formed nitrogen radicals from NH3, with resultant C−N bond construction and eventually formamide production. Furthermore, this strategy can be extended to transformation of PET bottle and a series of biomass‐derived polyols with carbon number from three (glycerol) to six (glucose), producing formamide with high efficiencies. This work demonstrates a sustainable upgrading strategy of plastic and biomass that may have implications to more value‐added chemicals production beyond carbohydrates.
Toward Ultra‐High‐Quality‐Factor Wireless Masing Magnetic Resonance Sensing
Authors: Adelabu Isaiah , Nantogma Shiraz , Fleischer Simon , Abdulmojeed Mustapha , de Maissin Henri , Schmidt Andreas B. , Lehmkuhl Soeren , Rosen Matthew S. , Appelt Stephan , Theis Thomas , Qian Chunqi , Chekmenev Eduard Y. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIt has recently been shown that a bolus of hyperpolarized nuclear spins can yield stimulated emission signals similar in nature to maser signals, potentially enabling new ways of sensing hyperpolarized contrast media, including most notably [1‐13C]pyruvate that is under evaluation in over 50 clinical trials for metabolic imaging of cancer. The stimulated NMR signal emissions lasting for minutes do not require radio‐frequency excitation, offering unprecedented advantages compared to conventional MR sensing. However, creating nuclear spin maser emission is challenging in practice due to stringent fundamental requirements, making practical in vivo applications hardly possible using conventional passive MR detectors. Here, we demonstrate the utility of a wireless NMR maser detector, the quality factor of which was enhanced 22‐fold (to 1,670) via parametric pumping. This active‐feedback technique breaks the intrinsic fundamental limit of NMR detector circuit quality factor. We show the use of parametric pumping to reduce the threshold requirement for inducing nuclear spin masing at 300 MHz resonance frequency in a preclinical MRI scanner. Indeed, stimulated emission from hyperpolarized protons was obtained under highly unfavorable conditions of low magnetic field homogeneity (T2* of 3 ms). Greater gains of the quality factor of the MR detector (up to 1 million) were also demonstrated.
Interpretation of chest fluoroscopy: the risk of misdiagnosing atelectasis as pneumothorax due to greyscale inversion
Authors: Lin C. Y. , Cavanaugh N. B. , Subramani S. , Singhal A. K. , Hanada S. 
Published: June 2024

SummaryAnaesthetists may be required to work in hybrid theatres for procedures using fluoroscopic imaging. Adequate knowledge of fluoroscopic images allows prompt and effective emergency management of complications which arise during procedures. Here, we present a case of severe hypotension and hypoxia occurring shortly after induction of anaesthesia. Atelectasis was mistaken for a pneumothorax due to misinterpretation of fluoroscopic imaging, which demonstrated a dark pleural cavity peripheral to a partially collapsed left lung, leading to an incorrect diagnosis. This case highlights the importance of understanding greyscale inversion in fluoroscopy.
A Phosphorescent P/N/S Hybrid Ligand Stabilized Au2Cu Complex Selectively Senses Ammonia and Amines
Authors: Liu Fuyuan , Yang Ningwen , Chang Yijia , Yang Wei , Young David James , Li Hong‐Xi , Lu Chengrong , Ren Zhi‐Gang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractReaction of a P/N/S hybrid ligand dpppyatc (N,N‐bis((diphenylphosphaneyl)methyl)‐N‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐amino‐thiocarbamide) with Au(tht)Cl (tht=tetrahydrothiophene) and [Cu(MeCN)4]BF4 afforded cluster complex [Au2Cu(dpppyatc)2](BF4)2Cl (1). Upon excitation at 480 nm, 1 emitted orange phosphorescence at 646 nm, which was red‐shifted to ~698 nm selectively in the presence of ammonia or amine vapor. This chromic photoluminescent response toward ammonia was sensitive and reversible. Complex1 could detect ammonia in aqueous solution down to concentrations of 2 ppm (w/w).
Heterogeneous brain distribution of bumetanide following systemic administration in rats
Authors: Löscher Wolfgang , Gramer Martina , Römermann Kerstin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBumetanide is used widely as a tool and off‐label treatment to inhibit the Na‐K‐2Cl cotransporter NKCC1 in the brain and thereby to normalize intra‐neuronal chloride levels in several brain disorders. However, following systemic administration, bumetanide only poorly penetrates into the brain parenchyma and does not reach levels sufficient to inhibit NKCC1. The low brain penetration is a consequence of both the high ionization rate and plasma protein binding, which restrict brain entry by passive diffusion, and of brain efflux transport. In previous studies, bumetanide was determined in the whole brain or a few brain regions, such as the hippocampus. However, the blood–brain barrier and its efflux transporters are heterogeneous across brain regions, so it cannot be excluded that bumetanide reaches sufficiently high brain levels for NKCC1 inhibition in some discrete brain areas. Here, bumetanide was determined in 14 brain regions following i.v. administration of 10 mg/kg in rats. Because bumetanide is much more rapidly eliminated by rats than humans, its metabolism was reduced by pretreatment with piperonyl butoxide. Significant, up to 5‐fold differences in regional bumetanide levels were determined with the highest levels in the midbrain and olfactory bulb and the lowest levels in the striatum and amygdala. Brain:plasma ratios ranged between 0.004 (amygdala) and 0.022 (olfactory bulb). Regional brain levels were significantly correlated with local cerebral blood flow. However, regional bumetanide levels were far below the IC50 (2.4 μM) determined previously for rat NKCC1. Thus, these data further substantiate that the reported effects of bumetanide in rodent models of brain disorders are not related to NKCC1 inhibition in the brain.
Disposable electrochemical biosensors for the detection of bacteria in the light of antimicrobial resistance
Authors: C. S. Sreelakshmi , Kini Vrinda , Singh Maargavi , Mukhopadhyay Chiranjay , Nag Pooja , Sadani Kapil 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPersistent and inappropriate use of antibiotics is causing rife antimicrobial resistance (AMR) worldwide. Common bacterial infections are thus becoming increasingly difficult to treat without the use of last resort antibiotics. This has necessitated a situation where it is imperative to confirm the infection to be bacterial, before treating it with antimicrobial speculatively. Conventional methods of bacteria detection are either culture based which take anywhere between 24 and 96 hor require sophisticated molecular analysis equipment with libraries and trained operators. These are difficult propositions for resource limited community healthcare setups of developing or less developed countries. Customized, inexpensive, point‐of‐care (PoC) biosensors are thus being researched and developed for rapid detection of bacterial pathogens. The development and optimization of disposable sensor substrates is the first and crucial step in development of such PoC systems. The substrates should facilitate easy charge transfer, a high surface to volume ratio, be tailorable by the various bio‐conjugation chemistries, preserve the integrity of the biorecognition element, yet be inexpensive. Such sensor substrates thus need to be thoroughly investigated. Further, if such systems were made disposable, they would attain immunity to biofouling. This article discusses a few potential disposable electrochemical sensor substrates deployed for detection of bacteria for environmental and healthcare applications. The technologies have significant potential in helping reduce bacterial infections and checking AMR. This could help save lives of people succumbing to bacterial infections, as well as improve the overall quality of lives of people in low‐ and middle‐income countries.
Periostin regulates lysyl oxidase through ERK1/2 MAPK‐dependent serum response factor in activated cardiac fibroblasts
Authors: Radhakrishnan Sruthi , Shenoy Sachin J. , Devidasan Indraja , Shaji Binchu V. , Gopal Sarayu , Sreekumaran Sreekanth , SP Abhilash , Sivaraman Divya M. , Mohan Neethu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCollagen crosslinking, mediated by lysyl oxidase, is an adaptive mechanism of the cardiac repair process initiated by cardiac fibroblasts postmyocardial injury. However, excessive crosslinking leads to cardiac wall stiffening, which impairs the contractile properties of the left ventricle and leads to heart failure. In this study, we investigated the role of periostin, a matricellular protein, in the regulation of lysyl oxidase in cardiac fibroblasts in response to angiotensin II and TGFβ1. Our results indicated that periostin silencing abolished the angiotensin II and TGFβ1‐mediated upregulation of lysyl oxidase. Furthermore, the attenuation of periostin expression resulted in a notable reduction in the activity of lysyl oxidase. Downstream of periostin, ERK1/2 MAPK signaling was found to be activated, which in turn transcriptionally upregulates the serum response factor to facilitate the enhanced expression of lysyl oxidase. The periostin‐lysyl oxidase association was also positively correlated in an in vivo rat model of myocardial infarction. The expression of periostin and lysyl oxidase was upregulated in the collagen‐rich fibrotic scar tissue of the left ventricle. Remarkably, echocardiography data showed a reduction in the left ventricular wall movement, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening, indicative of enhanced stiffening of the cardiac wall. These findings shed light on the mechanistic role of periostin in the collagen crosslinking initiated by activated cardiac fibroblasts. Our findings signify periostin as a possible therapeutic target to reduce excessive collagen crosslinking that contributes to the structural remodeling associated with heart failure.
Collaboration to support veterans: An ongoing project in the Pikes Peak region
Authors: Zimbleman Dana , McMahon Sarah 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article describes the collaborative efforts at Pikes Peak State College to support veterans within the institution and community. In partnership with PPSC's Military and Veterans Program and with assistance from professional colleagues inside and outside the institution, two English faculty spearheaded efforts to organize events and create a military arts publication they hope to turn into a national journal that accepts submissions from across the country. In keeping with military strategies encouraging teamwork and adaptation, they have built a framework for ongoing military and veteran outreach in the Pikes Peak region.
Global sensitivity analysis with multifidelity Monte Carlo and polynomial chaos expansion for vascular haemodynamics
Authors: Schäfer Friederike , Schiavazzi Daniele E. , Hellevik Leif Rune , Sturdy Jacob 
Published: June 2024

AbstractComputational models of the cardiovascular system are increasingly used for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cardiovascular disease. Before being used for translational applications, the predictive abilities of these models need to be thoroughly demonstrated through verification, validation, and uncertainty quantification. When results depend on multiple uncertain inputs, sensitivity analysis is typically the first step required to separate relevant from unimportant inputs, and is key to determine an initial reduction on the problem dimensionality that will significantly affect the cost of all downstream analysis tasks. For computationally expensive models with numerous uncertain inputs, sample‐based sensitivity analysis may become impractical due to the substantial number of model evaluations it typically necessitates. To overcome this limitation, we consider recently proposed Multifidelity Monte Carlo estimators for Sobol’ sensitivity indices, and demonstrate their applicability to an idealized model of the common carotid artery. Variance reduction is achieved combining a small number of three‐dimensional fluid–structure interaction simulations with affordable one‐ and zero‐dimensional reduced‐order models. These multifidelity Monte Carlo estimators are compared with traditional Monte Carlo and polynomial chaos expansion estimates. Specifically, we show consistent sensitivity ranks for both bi‐ (1D/0D) and tri‐fidelity (3D/1D/0D) estimators, and superior variance reduction compared to traditional single‐fidelity Monte Carlo estimators for the same computational budget. As the computational burden of Monte Carlo estimators for Sobol’ indices is significantly affected by the problem dimensionality, polynomial chaos expansion is found to have lower computational cost for idealized models with smooth stochastic response.
A Sustainable and Cost‐Effective Nitrogen‐Doped Three‐Dimensional Porous Carbon for High‐Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Ma Shuang , Liu Xuecheng , Chen Tiezhu , Wang Yan , Wang Minsheng , Jiang Fengyi , Zhou Xia , Gu Xingxing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAffordable clean energy is one of the major sustainable development goals that can transform our world. At present, researchers are working to develop cheap electrode materials to develop energy storage devices, the Lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) battery is considered a promising energy storage device owing to its excellent theoretical specific capacity and energy density. Herein, utilizing the ramie degumming waste liquid as raw materials, after freeze‐drying and high‐temperature calcination, a sustainable and cost‐effective three‐dimensional (3D) porous nitrogen‐doped ramie carbon (N‐RC) was synthesized. The N‐RC calcined at 800 °C (N‐RC‐800) shows a superior high specific surface area of 1491.85 m2 ⋅ g−1 and a notable high pore volume of 0.90 cm3 ⋅ g−1. When employed as a sulfur host, the S@N‐RC‐800 cathode illustrates excellent initial discharge capacity (1120.6 mAh ⋅ g−1) and maintains a reversible capacity of 625.4 mAh ⋅ g−1 after 500 cycles at 1 C. Simultaneously, the S@N‐RC‐800 cathode also shows excellent coulombic efficiency and ideal rate performance. Such exceptional electrochemical performance of S@N‐RC‐800 can be primarily attributable to N‐RC's high specific surface area, high porosity, and abundant polar functional groups. This green and low‐cost synthesis strategy offers a new avenue for harnessing the potential of waste biomass in the context of clean energy storage.
WiPFIM: A digital platform for interlinking biocollections of wild plants, fruits, associated insects, and their molecular barcodes
Authors: Onyango Bonface , Copeland Robert , Mbogholi John , Wamalwa Mark , Kibet Caleb , Tonnang Henri E. Z. , Senagi Kennedy 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe current knowledge on insects feeding on fruits is limited, and some of the scarce existing data on the fruit‐associated insects are secluded within the host institutions. Consequently, their value is not fully realized. Moreover, in countries like Kenya, the integration of biocollections data within a digital framework has not been fully exploited. To address these gaps, this article presents a description of the development of a web‐based platform for data sharing and integrating biodiversity historical data of wild plants, fruits, associated insects, and their molecular barcodes (WiPFIM) while leveraging data science technologies. The barcodes corresponding to the biocollections data were retrieved from BOLD database. The platform is an online resource about fruit–insect interactions that can be of interest to a worldwide community of users and can be useful in building innovative tools. The platform is accessible online at https://test‐dmmg.icipe.org/wpfhi.
Cyclo‐Bis(Acyl)phosphine Oxides as Efficient Photoinitiators for Radical Polymerization
Authors: Peng Zhaoxia , Shen Qi , Chen Xiaodan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAcyclic acylphosphine oxides have been extensively utilized in industrial applications as typical photoinitiators (PIs). In this study, we demonstrate the efficiency of their cyclic analogues, cyclo‐bis(acyl)phosphine oxides (CBAPOs), as efficient PIs. We present the isolation and X‐ray crystallographic characterization of CBAPOs. These compounds exhibit a long maximum absorption wavelength ranging between 415 and 420 nm, extending well into the near 500 nm region. Radical trapping experiments suggest that CBAPOs undergo homolytic P−C(O) bond α‐cleavage. Steady‐state photolysis conducted with LED light at 390 nm, monitored by UV‐Vis spectroscopy, confirms the gradual decay of CBAPOs over time. Additionally, all CBAPOs are capable of initiating radical polymerization under irradiation at 365 nm. Notably, one of the CBAPOs (4a) demonstrates comparable photoinitiating efficiency to one of commercially available bis(acyl)phosphine oxides (Irgacure 819).
Epilepsy, EEG and chromosomal rearrangements
Authors: Paprocka Justyna , Coppola Antonietta , Cuccurullo Claudia , Stawicka Elżbieta , Striano Pasquale 
Published: June 2024

AbstractChromosomal abnormalities are associated with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, one of the more commonly observed of which is epilepsy. The frequency, severity, and type of epileptic seizures vary according to the macro‐ and microrearrangements present. Even within a single chromosomal anomaly, we most often deal with a phenotypic spectrum. The aim of the study was to look for chromosomal rearrangements with a characteristic electroencephalographic pattern. Only a few disorders have peculiar electroclinical abnormalities: 1p36, 4p16, 6q terminal or trisomy 12p, Angelman syndrome, inv dup 15, 15q13.3 deletions, ring 20, Down syndrome, or Xp11.22–11.23 duplication. We also reviewed studies on epileptic seizures and typical electroencephalographic patterns described in certain chromosomal rearrangements, focusing on the quest for potential electroclinical biomarkers. The comprehensive review concludes with clinical presentations of the most common micro and macro chromosomal rearrangements, such as 17q21.31 microdeletion, 6q terminal deletion, 15q inv dup syndrome, 2q24.4 deletion, Xp11.22–11.23 duplication, 15q13.3 microdeletion, 1p36 terminal deletion, 5q14.3 microdeletion, and Xq28 duplication. The papers reviewed did not identify any specific interictal electroencephalographic patterns that were unique and significant biomarkers for a given chromosomal microrearrangement. The types of seizures described varied, with both generalized and focal seizures of various morphologies being reported. Patients with chromosomal anomalies may also meet the criteria for specific epileptic syndromes such as Infantile Epilepsy Spasms Syndrome (IESS, West syndrome): 16p13.11, 15q13.3 and 17q21.31 microdeletions, 5q inv dup. syndrome; Dravet syndrome (2q24.4 deletion), Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (15q11 duplication. 1q13.3, 5q inv dup.); or Self‐Limited Epilepsy with Autonomic Features (SeLEAS, Panayiotopoulos syndrome: terminal deletion of 6q.n), Self‐Limited Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes (SeLECT): fragile X syndrome. It is essential to better characterize groups of patients to more accurately define patterns of epilepsy and EEG abnormalities. This could lead to new treatment strategies. Future research is required to better understand epileptic syndromes and chromosomal rearrangements.Plain Language SummaryThis paper presents EEG recording abnormalities in patients with various gene abnormalities that can cause epilepsy. The authors summarize these EEG variations based on a literature review to see if they occur frequently enough in other chromosomal abnormalities (in addition to those already known) to be a clue for further diagnosis.
Attachment and body representations in adolescents with personality disorder
Authors: Buhl‐Nielsen Bernadette , Steele Howard , Steele Miriam 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundAttachment theory has served as an influential framework for understanding psychopathology, partly due to reliable assessment methodology. The influence of insecure attachment on attitudes toward the body and the impact this might have for the development of psychopathology is however less well elucidated.MethodA total of 123 adolescents (35 with borderline personality disorder or BPD, 25 with other personality disorders [OPD] and 63 comprising a normative control group) were interviewed with the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) and the Mirror Interview (MI). The MI questions respondents about how they feel about their bodies, as they look in the mirror.ResultsThe AAIs from the Borderline group were predominantly insecure‐preoccupied and unresolved. These adolescents had significantly lower levels of a positive and integrated sense of self and body than the other groups. Regression results revealed a high loving relationship with fathers, low involving anger with father, high coherence of mind, slight derogation of mother & low levels of unresolved loss uniquely and additively predicted 55% of variance in the summary score assigned to MI responses, that is, the summary score for a Positive and Integrated Body Representation (PIBR).ConclusionUnfavorable attachment experiences and current states of mind regarding attachment may give rise to problems with establishing PIBRs, and thus play a role in the development of psychopathology, especially BPD.