bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Concentration Is Downregulated by Intralipid/Heparin Infusion or High-Fat Meal in Young Healthy Male Subjects
Authors: Karczewska-Kupczewska Monika , Kowalska Irina , Nikołajuk Agnieszka , Adamska Agnieszka , Zielińska Magdalena , Kamińska Natalia , Otziomek Elżbieta , Górska Maria , Strczkowski Marek 
Published: December 2011

OBJECTIVE
Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are associated with an increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) regulates neuronal differentiation and synaptic plasticity, and its decreased levels are supposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease and other disorders. The aim of the current study was to estimate the effects of hyperinsulinemia and serum free fatty acids (FFA) elevation on circulating BDNF concentration in humans.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We studied 18 healthy male subjects (mean age 25.6 ± 3.0 years; mean BMI 26.6 ± 4.8 kg/m2). Serum and plasma BDNF concentration was measured in the baseline state and in the 120 and 360 min of euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp with or without intralipid/heparin infusion. Furthermore, plasma BDNF was measured in 20 male subjects (mean age 22.7 ± 2.3 years; mean BMI 24.9 ± 1.5 kg/m2) 360 min after a high-fat meal.

RESULTS
Insulin sensitivity was reduced by ∼40% after 6 h of intralipid/heparin infusion (P &lt; 0.001). During both clamps, serum and plasma BDNF followed the same pattern. Hyperinsulinemia had no effect on circulating BDNF. Raising FFA had no effect on circulating BDNF in 120 min; however, it resulted in a significant decrease by 43% in serum and by 35% in plasma BDNF after 360 min (P = 0.005 and 0.006, respectively). High-fat meal also resulted in a decrease by 27.8% in plasma BDNF (P = 0.04).

CONCLUSIONS
Our data show that raising FFA decreases circulating BDNF. This might indicate a potential link between FFA-induced insulin resistance and neurodegenerative disorders.
A Study of Patients’ Perceptions of Diabetes Care Delivery and Diabetes
Authors: Raballo Marzia , Trevisan Martina , Trinetta Anna Franca , Charrier Lorena , Cavallo Franco , Porta Massimo , Trento Marina 
Published: December 2011

OBJECTIVE
We investigated the perceptions of diabetes care and diabetes in patients followed long-term by group or usual care.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Three open questions were administered to 120 patients (43 with T1DM and 77 with T2DM) who had been randomized at least 2 years before to be followed by group care and 121 (41 T1DM and 80 T2DM) who had always been on usual care. The responses were analyzed by propositional analysis, by identifying the focal nuclei, i.e., the terms around which all sentences are organized, and then other predicates, according to their hierarchical relationship to the nuclear proposition. Specific communicative units were arbitrarily classified into three categories: attitudes, empowerment, and locus of control.

RESULTS
Patients on group care showed more positive attitudes, higher sense of empowerment, and more internal locus of control than those on usual care. In addition, they expressed a wider and more articulated range of concepts associated with the care received and made less use of medical terminology (P &lt; 0.001, all). Higher HbA1c was associated with negative attitudes (P = 0.025) and negative empowerment (P = 0.055).

CONCLUSIONS
Group treatment reinforces communication and peer identification and may achieve its clinical results by promoting awareness, self-efficacy, positive attitudes toward diabetes and the setting of care, an internal locus of control, and, ultimately, empowerment in the patients.
High Fat Intake Leads to Acute Postprandial Exposure to Circulating Endotoxin in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects
Authors: Harte Alison L. , Varma Madhusudhan C. , Tripathi Gyanendra , McGee Kirsty C. , Al-Daghri Nasser M. , Al-Attas Omar S. , Sabico Shaun , O’Hare Joseph P. , Ceriello Antonio , Saravanan Ponnusamy , Kumar Sudhesh , McTernan Philip G. 
Published: December 2011

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the changes in circulating endotoxin after a high–saturated fat meal to determine whether these effects depend on metabolic disease state.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Subjects (n = 54) were given a high-fat meal (75 g fat, 5 g carbohydrate, 6 g protein) after an overnight fast (nonobese control [NOC]: age 39.9 ± 11.8 years [mean ± SD], BMI 24.9 ± 3.2 kg/m2, n = 9; obese: age 43.8 ± 9.5 years, BMI 33.3 ± 2.5 kg/m2, n = 15; impaired glucose tolerance [IGT]: age 41.7 ± 11.3 years, BMI 32.0 ± 4.5 kg/m2, n = 12; type 2 diabetic: age 45.4 ± 10.1 years, BMI 30.3 ± 4.5 kg/m2, n = 18). Blood was collected before (0 h) and after the meal (1–4 h) for analysis.

RESULTS
Baseline endotoxin was significantly higher in the type 2 diabetic and IGT subjects than in NOC subjects, with baseline circulating endotoxin levels 60.6% higher in type 2 diabetic subjects than in NOC subjects (P &lt; 0.05). Ingestion of a high-fat meal led to a significant rise in endotoxin levels in type 2 diabetic, IGT, and obese subjects over the 4-h time period (P &lt; 0.05). These findings also showed that, at 4 h after a meal, type 2 diabetic subjects had higher circulating endotoxin levels (125.4%↑) than NOC subjects (P &lt; 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
These studies have highlighted that exposure to a high-fat meal elevates circulating endotoxin irrespective of metabolic state, as early as 1 h after a meal. However, this increase is substantial in IGT and type 2 diabetic subjects, suggesting that metabolic endotoxinemia is exacerbated after high fat intake. In conclusion, our data suggest that, in a compromised metabolic state such as type 2 diabetes, a continual snacking routine will cumulatively promote their condition more rapidly than in other individuals because of the greater exposure to endotoxin.
Nationwide Study on Trends in Hospital Admissions for Major Cardiovascular Events and Procedures Among People With and Without Diabetes in England, 2004–2009
Authors: Vamos Eszter P. , Millett Christopher , Parsons Camille , Aylin Paul , Majeed Azeem , Bottle Alex 
Published: December 2011

OBJECTIVE
It is unclear whether people with and without diabetes equally benefitted from reductions in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to compare recent trends in hospital admission rates for angina, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), stroke, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) among people with and without diabetes in England.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We identified all patients aged &gt;16 years with cardiovascular events in England between 2004–2005 and 2009–2010 using national hospital activity data. Diabetes- and nondiabetes-specific rates were calculated for each year. To test for time trend, we fitted Poisson regression models.

RESULTS
In people with diabetes, admission rates for angina, AMI, and CABG decreased significantly by 5% (rate ratio 0.95 [95% CI 0.94–0.96]), 5% (0.95 [0.93–0.97]), and 3% (0.97 [0.95–0.98]) per year, respectively. Admission rates for stroke did not significantly change (0.99 [0.98–1.004]) but increased for PCI (1.01 [1.005–1.03]) in people with diabetes. People with and without diabetes experienced similar proportional changes for all outcomes, with no significant differences in trends between these groups. However, diabetes was associated with an ~3.5- to 5-fold risk of CVD events. In-hospital mortality rates declined for AMI and stroke, remained unchanged for CABG, and increased for PCI admissions in both groups.

CONCLUSIONS
This national study suggests similar changes in admissions for CVD in people with and without diabetes. Aggressive risk reduction is needed to further reduce the high absolute and relative risk of CVD still present in people with diabetes.
Slope erosion control with the use of fly-ash and sewage sludge
Authors: Koda Eugeniusz , Osiński Piotr 
Published: January 2012

Slope erosion control with the use of fly-ash and sewage sludge
The paper presents alternative methods of the earth slopes reinforcement. The techniques proposed utilise recycled materials such as fly-ash and sewage sludge. It is described how implementation of fly-ash made capping materials and hydroseeding method (with the use of the sewage sludge) can effectively control high earth slopes erosion, based on the example of embankment type landfill where remedial works were proceeded. Moreover, it is assessed how the influence of the vegetation cover on engineered landfills, can significantly increase the safety factor of slopes.
Evaluation of annual corrosion tests for aggressive water
Authors: Dubová V. , Ilavský J. , Barloková D. 
Published: January 2012

Evaluation of annual corrosion tests for aggressive waterInternal corrosion has a significant effect on the useful life of pipes, the hydraulic conditions of a distribution system and the quality of the water transported. All water is corrosive under some conditions, and the level of this corrosion depends on the physical and chemical properties of the water and properties of the pipe material. Galvanic treatment is an innovation for protecting against corrosion, and this method is also suitable for removal of water stone too. This method consists of the electrogalvanic principle, which is generated by the flowing of water between a zinc anode and the cupro-alloy cover of a column. This article presents experimental corrosion tests at water resource Pernek (This water resource-well marked as HL-1 is close to the Pernek of village), where the device is operating based on this principle.
Changes in water resources in selected lakes in the middle and lower catchment of the River Warta
Authors: Ptak Mariusz , Ławniczak Agnieszka 
Published: January 2012

Changes in water resources in selected lakes in the middle and lower catchment of the River WartaLakes play a very important function in water retention, particularly in areas with strong water deficiency. Water resources in lakes determine the possibility of using them for different purposes, e.g. economic development (irrigation or drinking water, water supply for industry). With ongoing processes causing a reduction in lake capacity (shrinking and shallowing), it is necessary to investigate the scale and rate of decreasing lake resources, in terms of the economic and natural consequences of this process. The aim of the study was to test changes in water resources in lakes situated in the middle and lower River Warta catchment. Special attention was paid to lakes characterised by reduced water resources in order to identify factors contributing to this phenomenon. Our current studies of 127 lakes showed a 10% decrease in water resources over 50 years (1910-1960) in the analysed part of the catchment. Our results indicated that the predominant process causing the disappearance of lakes is shallowing. This factor should be monitored carefully to avoid further lake loss.
Resource selection by sympatric free‐ranging dairy cattle and brown bears Ursus arctos
Authors: Steyaert Sam M. J. G. , St⊘en Ole‐Gunnar , Elfström Marcus , Karlsson Jens , Lammeren Ron Van , Bokdam Jan , Zedrosser Andreas , Brunberg Sven , Swenson Jon E. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractLivestock depredation is an important factor that contributes to low public acceptance of large carnivores, and it is often used as an incentive to reduce large carnivore populations. In central Sweden, brown bears Ursus arctos coexist with a traditional cattle husbandry system that allows daytime free‐ranging of dairy cattle. Despite a growing brown bear population, depredation on cattle remained stable during the last decade and is among the lowest rates reported worldwide. Nevertheless, major stakeholders argue for a substantial reduction in brown bear numbers, among other reasons, to safeguard the traditional husbandry system. Based on satellite tracking data, we assessed and correlated the resource selection of nine brown bears that were sympatric with six daytime free‐ranging cattle herds during the free‐ranging season (i.e. June‐August) in 2008. We found a significant and negative relationship between resource selection of brown bears and free‐ranging cattle during the study period, mainly because of inverse relationships between the species towards vegetation density and human‐related infrastructure, such as forest roads, buildings and settlements. We predict that the probability of an encounter between these species, given that there is no directed predation, is highest in dense vegetation patches close to the human habitation‐related variables. Because of the low reported depredation rates and the apparent habitat segregation between the species, our results provide no support for the argument to reduce brown bear numbers to safeguard the traditional cattle herding system.
Genetic Relationship among Nepalese Rice Landraces and Cultivars based on RAPD Markers
Authors: Joshi Bal K , Bimb Hari P , Kansakar David , Ghimire Ekta 
Published: January 2012

Genetic information of any genotype is necessary to manage and utilize them in conservation and breeding program. A total of 28 RAPD markers were used to relate the genetic structure among 50 Nepalese rice genotypes consisting of 29 landraces, 12 breeding lines and 9 released cultivars. Some of them are aromatic and blast resistance. Only four primers (P41, P60, P109 and P141) amplified the DNA of these genotypes with scorable bands. Primer 60 produced the highest number of bands (8). The highest number of present bands (6) was shown by primer 41 in 10 rice genotypes. Grouping of these genotypes based on the adaptation to agro-climatic zone was not observed, probably due to low percentage coverage of genome by four primers. Most of the genotypes grouped in two clusters. Kali Marsi and IR-24 formed separate individual cluster. Mansara and Jarneli were the most similar landraces (0.96). Churenodhan and Pranpyuri were the most closely related with Masuli. Only one genotype NR-285-18 has fallen in the first quadrant by principal component (PC) analysis and the fourth quadrant was empty. The highest contribution in PC1 was from the second band of primer 41. This RAPD information can be used for selecting lines and for blast resistance breeding.Key words: Genetic distance; rice; RAPDDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njb.v2i1.5635Nepal Journal of Biotechnology Jan.2012, Vol.2(1): 16-25
Wine or Raki - The Interplay of Climate and Society in Early Modern Ottoman Bosnia
Authors: Mrgić Jelena 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Variations in the agricultural production of cereals and grapes observed in sixteenth century Ottoman tax registers of Northern Bosnia could be ascribed to changes provoked, among other causes, by climatic variability during the early phase of the 'Little Ice Age' (ca 1550-1650). Comparative analysis with other well-studied European regions is conducted within the general frame of the socio-cultural context of climate and other impacts on a pre-industrial society. Secondly, a significant cultural change is evaluated: the beginning of raki (brandy or Brandtwein) production and consumption in the Central Balkans. This change is first recorded in Bosnia and Serbia in the late sixteenth century, at the same time as wine-growing began to diminish, and by the nineteenth century raki had replaced the popular consumption of wine. The results of the historical analysis show which adaptive strategies farmers in Ottoman Bosnia applied as they faced the challenges of climate deterioration and harvest failures, as well as those of war, famine and epidemics. The survival strategies included crop pattern changes, abandonment of viticulture, intensification of pig rearing and itinerant trade and population migrations, which all correspond well to the situation observed in other European states and the Ottoman Empire. The study aims to increase the historical knowledge of a marginalised region whose environmental history has not yet been brought under closer investigation.
Correlation of Heart Rate Variability and 24- hour Mean Heart Rate with TIMI Risk Score in Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Chakravortty SK , Khan MR , Kundu S , Barua SK , Dutta B , Uddin MN , Islam AKMM , Ullah M , Majumder AAS 
Published: January 2012

Background: Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) risk score, heart rate variability (HRV) and 24hour mean heart rate all are important predictor of prognosis after ST segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI). Correlation among these factors has not been studied thoroughly. Methods: This study was conducted in NICVD (National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases), Dhaka, from July 2008 to June 2009. Total 105 STEMI patients were included in the study. TIMI risk score were calculated and each patient under went 24hour Holter monitoring. SDNN for HRV and mean RR interval for mean heart rate were recorded. Results : Ninety one patients (mean age 53.9 ± 10.8 years), 86.7% were males and 14( mean age 59.8 ± 8.8 years), 13.3% were female. Stratification of subjects by TIMI risk score shows that nearly 60% had risk score in the range of 3 – 7, 17. % between 0 – 2 and 24% 8 or more than 8.SDNN and RR interval stratified by TIMI risk score demonstrates that both the variables decreases significantly with the increase of TIMI risk score. Among the TIMI risk groups SDNN values were 120.0 ± 19, 871.0 ± 20.5 and 40.9 ± 6.4 msec in mild, moderate and high risk group respectively(p=<0.001). Mean RR were 836.8 ± 121.0, 776.7 ± 130.3 and 649.7 ± 75.5 msec in low, intermediate and high risk group respectively(p<0.001). There was a significant correlation between depressed SDNN and high TIMI risk score (r=.893, p=.001). High TIMI risk score also showed a negative correlation with mean RR interval (r=-574, p<0.001). Mean RR and SDNN show a perfect linear relationship (r = 0.657, p < 0.001). Conclusion: It was observed that depressed heart rate variability and increased 24-hours mean heart rate correlates with high TIMI risk score after acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Keywords: TIMI risk score; Heart rate variability; STEMI DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v4i1.9383 Cardiovasc. J. 2011; 4(1): 8-12
Genetic evidence for glacial refugia of the temperate tree Eucryphia cordifolia (Cunoniaceae) in southern South America
Authors: Segovia Ricardo A. , Pérez María F. , Hinojosa Luis F. 
Published: December 2011

• Premise of the study: The temperate forests of southern South America were greatly affected by glaciations. Previous studies have indicated that some cold‐tolerant tree species were able to survive glacial periods in small, ice‐free patches within glaciated areas in the Andes and in southern Patagonia. Here we asked whether populations of the mesothermic species Eucryphia cordifolia also were able to survive glaciations in these areas or only in unglaciated coastal areas.• Methods: The chloroplast intergenic spacer trnV‐ndhC was sequenced for 150 individuals from 22 locations. Genetic data were analyzed (standard indexes of genetic diversity, a haplotype network, and genetic differentiation) in a geographical context.• Key results: Two of the nine haplotypes detected were widespread in high frequency across the entire range of the species. The highest levels of genetic diversity were found around 40°S, decreasing sharply northward and more moderately southward. No differences in genetic diversity were found between Andean and coastal populations. Notably, seven haplotypes were found in a small area of the Coast Range known as the Cordillera Pelada (40°S). The differentiation coefficients GST and NST revealed that most of the genetic variation detected was due to variation within populations.• Conclusions: The low levels of population differentiation and the high genetic diversity found in the Cordillera Pelada suggest that this area was the main refugium for E. cordifolia during glaciations. Nevertheless, given the high levels of genetic diversity found in some Andean populations, we cannot discount that some local populations also survived the glaciation in the Andes.
Variation in amine composition in plant species:How it integrates macroevolutionary and environmental signals
Authors: Hennion Françoise , Bouchereau Alain , Gauthier Cynthia , Hermant Marie , Vernon Philippe , Prinzing Andreas 
Published: December 2011

• Premise of the study: While plants show lineage‐specific differences in metabolite composition, plant metabolites are also known to vary in response to the environment. The extent to which these different determinants of metabolite composition are mutually independent and recognizable is unknown. Moreover, the extent to which the metabolome can reconcile evolutionary constraint with the needs of the plant for rapid environmental response is unknown. We investigated these questions in plant species representing different phylogenetic lineages and growing in different subantarctic island environments. We studied their amines—metabolites involved in plant response to environmental conditions.• Methods: Nine species were sampled under high salinity, water saturation, and altitude on the Kerguelen Islands. Their profiles of free aromatic, aliphatic, and acetyl‐conjugated amines were determined by HPLC. We related amine composition to species and environment using generalized discriminant analyses.• Key results: Amine composition differed significantly between species within the same environment, and the differences reflected phylogenetic positions. Moreover, across all species, amine metabolism differed between environments, and different lineages occupied different absolute positions in amine/environment space. Interestingly, all species had the same relative shifts in amine composition between environments.• Conclusion: Our results indicate a similar response of amine composition to abiotic environments in distantly related angiosperms, suggesting environmental flexibility of species is maintained despite major differences in amine composition among lineages. These results aid understanding of how in nature the plant metabolome integrates ecology and evolution, thus providing primordial information on adaptive mechanisms of plant metabolism to climate change.
Molecular phylogeny of Heteroplacidium, Placidium, and related catapyrenioid genera (Verrucariaceae, lichen‐forming Ascomycota)
Authors: Prieto María , Martínez Isabel , Aragón Gregorio , Gueidan Cécile , Lutzoni François 
Published: December 2011

• Premise of the study: Verrucariaceae is a fascinating lineage of lichenized fungi for which generic and species delimitation is problematic due to the scarcity of discriminating morphological characters. Members of this family inhabit rocks, but they further colonize soils, barks, mosses, and other lichens. Our aim is to contribute to the DNA‐based inference of the Verrucariaceae tree of life and to investigate characters that could be useful for proposing a more natural classification. We focused on catapyrenioid genera, which are often part of biological soil crusts, a cryptogam‐dominated ecosystem contributing to soil formation and stabilization in arid environments. Understanding their evolution and taxonomy is essential to assess their roles in these fragile and important ecosystems.• Methods: A multigene phylogeny of Verrucariaceae including catapyrenioid genera is presented. We further examined the phylogenetic relationships among members of Heteroplacidium and Placidium. The evolution of selected characters was inferred using the latter phylogeny.• Key results: Anthracocarpon and Involucropyrenium were closely related to Endocarpon. Placidium comprised two monophyletic clades sister to Heteroplacidium. Inferred ancestral states of diagnostic characters revealed that the type of medulla and the pycnidia location were homoplasious within the Placidium clade. In contrast, the presence of rhizines was a synapomorphy for Clavascidium.• Conclusions: Our results provide new information on the usefulness of characters for delineating groups in Verrucariaceae. Taxonomic changes are proposed to reflect more natural groupings: Heteroplacidium podolepis is transferred to Placidium, and Clavascidium is recognized as a different genus. Eight new combinations are proposed for Clavascidium.