bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Métaphysique et histoire
Authors: Janicaud Dominique 
Published: April 2010

Par-delà les illusions d’une «philosophie éternelle» et les présuppositions des formes variées de l’historicisme, il est possible de reformuler les questions centrales de la « métaphysique spéciale» (le monde, le sujet, Dieu) selon les termes de la finitude des événements.
Au lieu de restaurer des principes absolus, on a besoin d’une approche qui tiendrait compte des enseignements des efforts critiques de Kant, afin d’atteindre des nouveaux points de jonction entre les ressources de la rationalité et les aspects énigmatiques du temps.
Intelligence artificielle ou philosophie sur ordinateur
Authors: Boss Gilbert , Longeart Maryvonne 
Published: April 2010

Les ordinateurs, peuvent-ils être un instrument pour faire de la philosophie? La réponse proposée par cet article développe dix moments dont les thèmes sont:
– relation entre l'intelligence artificielle et la philosophie,
– discours philosophiques dans les textes écrits et les ordinateurs,
– limitations de la représentation du style littéraire sur ordinateur,
– degré d'intelligence requis dans les programmes pour la représentation dynamique des systèmes conceptuels,
– réseau sémantique,
– importance de la taxinomie en philosophie,
– un texte tiré de la Critique de la raison pure,
– une représentation de ce texte dans un réseau sémantique « traditionnel» (CODE),
– une nouvelle langue graphique pour représenter la philosophie,
– utilité d'une telle langue et utilisation des ordinateurs en philosophie.
Verification of distributed systems with local–global predicates
Authors: Chandy K. Mani , Go Brian , Mitra Sayan , Pilotto Concetta , White Jerome 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis paper describes a methodology for developing and verifying a class of distributed systems in which the state space may be discrete or continuous. Our focus is on systems where changes are local in that a small number of components change state while the remainder of the system is unchanged. A proof methodology is developed that ensures global properties, such as invariants and convergence, by guaranteeing local properties within subsystems. This methodology is used to prove the correctness of concrete examples. We present a PVS library of theorems and proofs that can be used to reduce the work required to develop and verify programs in this class. A transformation of these libraries to Java is also outlined.
Reducing the incidence of post‐hepatectomy hepatic complications by preoperatively applying parameters predictive of liver function
Authors: Nanashima Atsushi , Tobinaga Syuuichi , Abo Takafumi , Nonaka Takashi , Takeshita Hiroaki , Hidaka Shigekazu , Sawai Terumitsu , Nagayasu Takeshi 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground/purposeTo prevent or reduce hepatic complications after hepatectomy, it is important to employ preoperative predictive parameters and to determine the indications for hepatectomy. In the present study, we evaluated risk parameters in patients who underwent hepatectomy between 1994 and 2003, and selected three parameters to modify the surgical indications. Using these indications before surgery in patients who underwent hepatectomy between 2004 and 2008, we compared the prevalences of postoperative complications in the the two groups of patients.MethodsWe examined 250 consecutive patients who underwent hepatectomy for liver disease [149 in 1994–2003 (termed the early period) and 101 in 2004 to 2008 (termed the later period)].ResultsIn the early period, uncontrolled ascites was observed in 55 patients and hepatic failure was observed in 15 of the 149 patients. Multivariate analysis identified volume of the resected liver (≥50%), intraoperative blood loss (≥1500 ml), prothrombin activity (<70%), hyaluronic acid level (≥200 ng/ml), and LHL15 (hepatic uptake ratio of technetium‐99m galactosyl human serum albumin (99mTc‐GSA) (<0.85) as risk factors; the latter three parameters were evaluated as predictors of outcome. From 2004, we used these three parameters, in addition to the indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min (ICGR15), as criteria for indications for hepatectomy. Despite the lower prevalence of normal liver in the later period, comparisons showed decreases in the rates of uncontrolled ascites (23 vs. 37%,p = 0.03), hepatic failure (4 vs. 10%,p = 0.12), and hepatic complications (25 vs. 44%,p = 0.003) in patients in the later period compared with these rates in the previous period.ConclusionsThe use of prothrombin activity, and levels of hyaluronic acid and LHL15, as parameters of functional liver reserve in the selection of candidates for surgery reduced the incidence of hepatic complications after hepatectomy.
What Facilitates or Impedes Family Communication Following Genetic Testing for Cancer Risk? A Systematic Review and Meta‐Synthesis of Primary Qualitative Research
Authors: Chivers Seymour Kim , Addington‐Hall Julia , Lucassen Anneke M. , Foster Claire L. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractTo systematically review and meta‐synthesise primary qualitative research findings regarding family communication following genetic testing of cancer risk, in order to inform development of effective interventions. Systematic searches of CINAHL, Embase, Medline, British Nursing Index and PsycINFO databases were undertaken and relevant studies identified using strict criteria. The selected primary qualitative studies were appraised for quality and relevance by three independent researchers and then synthesized using a “Framework” approach. Fourteen (4.3%) studies met the inclusion criteria. The following factors influenced family communication following genetic testing for late‐onset hereditary cancer: the informant's feelings about informing relatives about genetic testing; the perceived relevance of the information to other family members and their anticipated reactions; the “closeness” of relationships within the family; family rules and patterns (e.g., who is best placed to share information with whom); finding the right time and level of disclosure; and the supportive role of heath care professionals. The themes identified in this review could provide practitioners with a useful framework for discussing family communication with those undergoing genetic testing. This framework focuses on helping health care professionals to facilitate family communication. The next step will be the development of an intervention to directly support people in talking to their relatives.
Treatment of femoral fractures in children: Is titanium elastic nailing an improvement over hip spica casting?
Authors: Saseendar S. , Menon J. , Patro D. K. 
Published: April 2010

Purpose The purpose of the study was to assess the validity of surgical interference with elastic nailing in treating pediatric femur fractures in comparison with the traditional treatment method—hip spica casting. Methods Sixteen consecutive femur fractures in children 5–15 years of age were recruited prospectively over 13 months. An equal number of age-matched children treated by spica casting were recruited retrospectively. Subtrochanteric, supracondylar femur fractures were excluded. Results Fracture union occurred earlier in the surgical group (6 weeks) than in the spica group (8 weeks) ( P = 0.001). Spica casting caused higher coronal plane angulation ( P = 0.001), higher rotational malalignment ( P < 0.001), higher limb length discrepancy at 1-year follow-up ( P < 0.001), longer duration of immobilization ( P < 0.001), later full weight-bearing ( P < 0.001), and greater absence from school ( P < 0.001). Flynn outcome scores were better with titanium elastic nailing than with hip spica casting. Conclusion Titanium elastic nailing led to better outcomes compared to hip spica casting in terms of earlier union, lower rates of malunion, shorter rehabilitation milestones, and better functional outcome scores.
Influence of cochlear implantation on peripheral vestibular receptor function
Authors: Krause Eike , Louza Julia P.R. , Wechtenbruch Juliane , Gürkov Robert 
Published: April 2010

ObjectiveThe objectives of this study were 1) to assess the influence of a cochlear implantation on peripheral vestibular receptor function in the inner ear in the implant and in the nonimplant side, and 2) to analyze a possible correlation with resulting vertigo symptoms.Study DesignProspective clinical study.SettingCochlear implant center at tertiary referral hospital.Subjects and MethodsA total of 32 patients, aged 15 to 83 years, undergoing cochlear implantation were assessed pre‐ and postoperatively for caloric horizontal semicircular canal response and vestibular‐evoked myogenic potentials of the sacculus, and postoperatively for subjective vertigo symptoms. Patients with vertigo were compared with patients without symptoms with regard to the findings of the vestibular function tests.ResultsCochlear implantation represents a significant risk factor for horizontal semicircular canal impairment (P < 0.001) and sacculus impairment (P = 0.047) in the implanted ear. In eight of 16 patients with preoperatively preserved caloric response, this response was decreased postoperatively. Before surgery, 14 of 30 patients had regular vestibular‐evoked myogenic responses. Two months after implantation, six patients had a new loss and another six showed depression of sacculus function on vestibular‐evoked myogenic potentials testing. The impaired vestibular function did not correlate with vertigo symptoms. Function on the contralateral side remains unaffected (P > 0.05).ConclusionCochlear implantation is a relevant risk factor for damage of peripheral vestibular receptor function. Therefore, preservation not only of residual hearing function but also of vestibular function should be aimed for, by using minimally invasive surgical techniques.
Development of a decision support tool to evaluate the financial implications of cull cow finishing under different feeding strategies
Authors: MINCHIN W. , O'DONOVAN M. , BUCKLEY F. , KENNY D. A. , SHALLOO L. 
Published: April 2010

SUMMARYThe objective of the current study was to develop, validate and describe a decision support system (DSS) to evaluate cull dairy cow finishing strategies. The DSS was developed within a Microsoft Excel framework. The purpose of a DSS is to assist the process of making accurate and repeatable calculations, assisting the decision on which cull cow finishing strategy is most profitable under individual farm circumstances. The model was based on data from two evaluation experiments including eight finishing strategies in total: ad libitum grass silage (GS); GS+3 kg concentrate (GS+3); GS+6 kg concentrate (GS+6); GS+9 kg concentrate (GS+9); ad libitum grass silage prior to ad libitum spring grass (GS+G); 0·75 grass silage and 0·25 straw prior to ad libitum spring grass (GS+S) and finally grass silage plus 6 kg concentrate dry matter (DM)/cow/day and milked twice daily prior to ad libitum spring grass (EXTLAC). Stochastic budgeting was included in the model to account for variability in key input and output variables on the overall profitability of various finishing strategies. The stochastic input and output variables included in the model were initial carcass value, feed strategy, concentrate cost and final carcass value. Net profit per cow was selected as the output distribution. The mean net profit per cow with the GS, GS+3, GS+6, GS+9, GS+G, GS+S and EXTLAC was €85·3, €73·7, €95·6, €58·5, €158·8 and €186·8 and €283·0, respectively. Profitability for the EXTLAC strategy was stochastically dominant to all other strategies evaluated meaning a higher level of profit and a lower level of risk is associated with the EXTLAC strategy. The optimal strategy of cull cow beef production depends greatly on the prevailing economic environment, purchase and sale price, milk price, feed costs, housing and labour.
Vibroplasty involving direct coupling of the floating mass transducer to the oval window niche
Authors: Zehlicke T , Dahl R , Just T , Pau H-W 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjective:To demonstrate the technique and clinical application of vibroplasty in which the floating mass transducer component of the Vibrant Soundbridge implant is coupled directly to the oval window niche, in patients with a mobile stapes footplate but a malformed or destroyed stapes suprastructure.Methods:The underlying concept was to create a soft tissue casing for the floating mass transducer, while also firmly connecting the transducer to a small, solid cartilage ‘plunger’ attached to the stapes footplate. This was realised by removing almost all the cartilage from a larger piece of cartilage–perichondrium, leaving only a tiny cartilage island about half a millimetre in diameter, attached to a much wider ‘blanket’ of perichondrium.Results:By coupling the floating mass transducer directly to the oval window niche, patients' speech understanding was improved. Post-operative aided thresholds of 30–40 dB HL were achieved by all patients.Conclusions:In patients with mixed hearing loss combined with a destroyed stapes suprastructure but a mobile stapes footplate, we describe the coupling of the floating mass transducer component of a Vibrant Soundbridge to the stapes footplate, as an alternative to coupling to the round window.
Short note: Strict unwraps make worker/wrapper fusion totally correct
Authors: GAMMIE PETER 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe worker/wrapper transformation is a general way of changing the type of a recursive definition, usually applied with an eye to increasing algorithmic efficiency. This note identifies an infelicity in the program transformations presented by Gill & Hutton (The worker/wrapper transformation, J. Funct. Program., vol. 19, 2009, pp. 227–251) and proposes a new totally correct worker/wrapper fusion rule.
Key Parameters Affecting Quantitative Analysis of STEM-EDS Spectrum Images
Authors: Parish Chad M. , Brewer Luke N. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this article, we use simulated and experimental data to explore how three operator-controllable parameters—(1) signal level, (2) detector resolution, and (3) number of factors chosen for analysis—affect quantitative analyses of scanning transmission electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy spectrum images processed by principal component analysis (PCA). We find that improvements in both signal level and detector resolution improve the precision of quantitative analyses, but that signal level is the most important. We also find that if the rank of the PCA solution is not chosen properly, it may be possible to improperly fit the underlying data and degrade the accuracy of results. Additionally, precision is degraded in the case when too many factors are included in the model.
TETRAVALENT s-TRANSITIVE GRAPHS OF ORDER TWICE A PRIME POWER
Authors: ZHOU JIN-XIN , FENG YAN-QUAN 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA graph is s-transitive if its automorphism group acts transitively on s-arcs but not on (s+1)-arcs in the graph. Let X be a connected tetravalent s-transitive graph of order twice a prime power. In this paper it is shown that s=1,2,3 or 4. Furthermore, if s=2, then X is a normal cover of one of the following graphs: the 4-cube, the complete graph of order 5, the complete bipartite graph K5,5 minus a 1-factor, or K7,7 minus a point-hyperplane incidence graph of the three-dimensional projective geometry PG(2,2); if s=3, then X is a normal cover of the complete bipartite graph of order 4; if s=4, then X is a normal cover of the point-hyperplane incidence graph of the three-dimensional projective geometry PG(2,3). As an application, we classify the tetravalent s-transitive graphs of order 2p2 for prime p.
PtrA is required for coordinate regulation of gene expression during phosphate stress in a marine Synechococcus
Authors: Ostrowski Martin , Mazard Sophie , Tetu Sasha G , Phillippy Katherine , Johnson Aaron , Palenik Brian , Paulsen Ian T , Scanlan Dave J 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Previous microarray analyses have shown a key role for the two-component system PhoBR (SYNW0947, SYNW0948) in the regulation of P transport and metabolism in the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. WH8102. However, there is some evidence that another regulator, SYNW1019 (PtrA), probably under the control of PhoBR, is involved in the response to P depletion. PtrA is a member of the cAMP receptor protein transcriptional regulator family that shows homology to NtcA, the global nitrogen regulator in cyanobacteria. To define the role of this regulator, we constructed a mutant by insertional inactivation and compared the physiology of wild-type Synechcococcus sp. WH8102 with the ptrA mutant under P-replete and P-stress conditions. In response to P stress the ptrA mutant failed to upregulate phosphatase activity. Microarrays and quantitative RT-PCR indicate that a subset of the Pho regulon is controlled by PtrA, including two phosphatases, a predicted phytase and a gene of unknown function psip1 (SYNW0165), all of which are highly upregulated during P limitation. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicate binding of overexpressed PtrA to promoter sequences upstream of the induced genes. This work suggests a two-tiered response to P depletion in this strain, the first being PhoB-dependent induction of high-affinity PO4 transporters, and the second the PtrA-dependent induction of phosphatases for scavenging organic P. The levels of numerous other transcripts are also directly or indirectly influenced by PtrA, including those involved in cell-surface modification, metal uptake, photosynthesis, stress responses and other metabolic processes, which may indicate a wider role for PtrA in cellular regulation in marine picocyanobacteria.
Effects of soil type and farm management on soil ecological functional genes and microbial activities
Authors: Reeve Jennifer R , Schadt Christopher W , Carpenter-Boggs Lynne , Kang Sanghoon , Zhou Jizhong , Reganold John P 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Relationships between soil microbial diversity and soil function are the subject of much debate. Process-level analyses have shown that microbial function varies with soil type and responds to soil management. However, such measurements cannot determine the role of community structure and diversity in soil function. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of gene frequency and diversity, measured by microarray analysis, on soil processes. The study was conducted in an agro-ecosystem characterized by contrasting management practices and soil types. Eight pairs of adjacent commercial organic and conventional strawberry fields were matched for soil type, strawberry variety, and all other environmental conditions. Soil physical, chemical and biological analyses were conducted including functional gene microarrays (FGA). Soil physical and chemical characteristics were primarily determined by soil textural type (coarse vs fine-textured), but biological and FGA measures were more influenced by management (organic vs conventional). Organically managed soils consistently showed greater functional activity as well as FGA signal intensity (SI) and diversity. Overall FGA SI and diversity were correlated to total soil microbial biomass. Functional gene group SI and/or diversity were correlated to related soil chemical and biological measures such as microbial biomass, cellulose, dehydrogenase, ammonium and sulfur. Management was the dominant determinant of soil biology as measured by microbial gene frequency and diversity, which paralleled measured microbial processes.
Selenium controls the sex-specific immune response and selenoprotein expression during the acute-phase response in mice
Authors: Stoedter Mette , Renko Kostja , Hög Antonia , Schomburg Lutz 
Published: April 2010

Selenium modifies inflammatory reactions in rodents and humans. The liver controls metabolism and transport of selenium via hepatically-derived SEPP (selenoprotein P). Intracellular SEPS (selenoprotein S) modifies endoplasmic-reticulum function and immune-cell activity. Polymorphisms in SEPS have been associated with cytokine levels and inflammatory diseases in a subset of clinical studies. In the present study, we hypothesized that sex and selenium represent decisive parameters controlling the immune response and regulation of SEPS expression in vivo. Male and female mice fed a selenium-poor diet were supplemented or not with selenite for 3 days and injected with saline or LPS (lipopolysaccharide) 24 h before analysis. Selenium supplementation mitigated the LPS-induced rise in circulating cytokines in male mice. Serum SepP and selenium concentrations decreased in response to LPS, whereas hepatic SepS was specifically up-regulated despite declining selenium concentrations in the liver. Hepatic SepS induction was mainly controlled by post-transcriptional mechanisms and attributed to hepatocytes by analysing transgenic mice. Notably, selenium supplementation was essential for an optimal SepS induction. We conclude that selenoprotein biosynthesis becomes redirected in hepatocytes during the acute-phase response at the expense of dispensable selenoproteins (e.g. SepP) and in favour of SepS expression, thereby causing declining serum selenium and improving liver function. The selenium status and sex control SepS expression and modify cytokine response patterns in serum, which might explain contradictory results on associations of SEPS genotype and inflammatory diseases in clinical studies.
High performance shape memory polymer networks based on rigid nanoparticle cores
Authors: Xu Jianwen , Song Jie 
Published: April 2010

Smart materials that can respond to external stimuli are of widespread interest in biomedical science. Thermal-responsive shape memory polymers, a class of intelligent materials that can be fixed at a temporary shape below their transition temperature (T
trans
) and thermally triggered to resume their original shapes on demand, hold great potential as minimally invasive self-fitting tissue scaffolds or implants. The intrinsic mechanism for shape memory behavior of polymers is the freezing and activation of the long-range motion of polymer chain segments below and above T
trans
, respectively. Both T
trans
and the extent of polymer chain participation in effective elastic deformation and recovery are determined by the network composition and structure, which are also defining factors for their mechanical properties, degradability, and bioactivities. Such complexity has made it extremely challenging to achieve the ideal combination of a T
trans
slightly above physiological temperature, rapid and complete recovery, and suitable mechanical and biological properties for clinical applications. Here we report a shape memory polymer network constructed from a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanoparticle core functionalized with eight polyester arms. The cross-linked networks comprising this macromer possessed a gigapascal-storage modulus at body temperature and a T
trans
between 42 and 48 °C. The materials could stably hold their temporary shapes for > 1 year at room temperature and achieve full shape recovery ≤ 51 °C in a matter of seconds. Their versatile structures allowed for tunable biodegradability and biofunctionalizability. These materials have tremendous promise for tissue engineering applications.