bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of traumatic brain injury among patients with ADHD and their unaffected siblings
Authors: Wu Ping-Chung , Tsai Shih-Jen , Hsu Ju-Wei , Huang Kai-Lin , Chen Tzeng-Ji , Pan Tai-Long , Chen Mu-Hong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
As the relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) is gaining increasing attention, the TBI risk in patients with ADHD, unaffected siblings of ADHD probands, and non-ADHD controls remains unclear.

Methods
Overall, 18,645 patients with ADHD, 18,880 unaffected siblings of ADHD probands, and 188,800 age-/sex-matched controls were followed up from enrollment to the end of 2011. The cases of TBI and TBI requiring hospitalization were identified during follow-up.

Results
Patients with ADHD (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.57) and unaffected siblings (HR: 1.20) had an increased risk of any TBI compared with non-ADHD controls. Surprisingly, the likelihood of developing TBI requiring hospitalization during follow-up was higher in the unaffected siblings group (HR: 1.21) than in the control group, whereas it was lower in the ADHD probands group (HR: 0.86).

Conclusions
Patients with ADHD and unaffected siblings of ADHD probands were more likely to develop any TBI during follow-up than controls. Unaffected siblings of patients with ADHD exhibited the highest risk of subsequent TBI requiring hospitalization compared with patients with ADHD and healthy controls. Therefore, TBI risk in patients with ADHD and their unaffected siblings would require further investigation.

Impact

ADHD diagnosis and ADHD trait are associated with risk of traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Both patients with ADHD and their unaffected siblings were more likely to develop TBI during the follow-up compared with the control group.

TBI requiring hospitalization occurred more in the sibling group than in the proband group.

TBI risk should be closely monitored among unaffected siblings of patients with ADHD.
Contextual and combinatorial structure in sperm whale vocalisations
Authors: Sharma Pratyusha , Gero Shane , Payne Roger , Gruber David F. , Rus Daniela , Torralba Antonio , Andreas Jacob 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) are highly social mammals that communicate using sequences of clicks called codas. While a subset of codas have been shown to encode information about caller identity, almost everything else about the sperm whale communication system, including its structure and information-carrying capacity, remains unknown. We show that codas exhibit contextual and combinatorial structure. First, we report previously undescribed features of codas that are sensitive to the conversational context in which they occur, and systematically controlled and imitated across whales. We call these rubato and ornamentation. Second, we show that codas form a combinatorial coding system in which rubato and ornamentation combine with two context-independent features we call rhythm and tempo to produce a large inventory of distinguishable codas. Sperm whale vocalisations are more expressive and structured than previously believed, and built from a repertoire comprising nearly an order of magnitude more distinguishable codas. These results show context-sensitive and combinatorial vocalisation can appear in organisms with divergent evolutionary lineage and vocal apparatus.
A comprehensive genetic map of cytokine responses in Lyme borreliosis
Authors: Botey-Bataller Javier , Vrijmoeth Hedwig D. , Ursinus Jeanine , Kullberg Bart-Jan , van den Wijngaard Cees C. , ter Hofstede Hadewych , Alaswad Ahmed , Gupta Manoj K. , Roesner Lennart M. , Huehn Jochen , Werfel Thomas , Schulz Thomas F. , Xu Cheng-Jian , Netea Mihai G. , Hovius Joppe W. , Joosten Leo A. B. , Li Yang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe incidence of Lyme borreliosis has risen, accompanied by persistent symptoms. The innate immune system and related cytokines are crucial in the host response and symptom development. We characterized cytokine production capacity before and after antibiotic treatment in 1,060 Lyme borreliosis patients. We observed a negative correlation between antibody production and IL-10 responses, as well as increased IL-1Ra responses in patients with disseminated disease. Genome-wide mapping the cytokine production allowed us to identify 34 cytokine quantitative trait loci (cQTLs), with 31 novel ones. We pinpointed the causal variant at the TLR1-6-10 locus and validated the regulation of IL-1Ra responses at transcritpome level using an independent cohort. We found that cQTLs contribute to Lyme borreliosis susceptibility and are relevant to other immune-mediated diseases. Our findings improve the understanding of cytokine responses in Lyme borreliosis and provide a genetic map of immune function as an expanded resource.
Spin disorder control of topological spin texture
Authors: Zhang Hongrui , Shao Yu-Tsun , Chen Xiang , Zhang Binhua , Wang Tianye , Meng Fanhao , Xu Kun , Meisenheimer Peter , Chen Xianzhe , Huang Xiaoxi , Behera Piush , Husain Sajid , Zhu Tiancong , Pan Hao , Jia Yanli , Settineri Nick , Giles-Donovan Nathan , He Zehao , Scholl Andreas , N’Diaye Alpha , Shafer Padraic , Raja Archana , Xu Changsong , Martin Lane W. , Crommie Michael F. , Yao Jie , Qiu Ziqiang , Majumdar Arun , Bellaiche Laurent , Muller David A. , Birgeneau Robert J. , Ramesh Ramamoorthy 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStabilization of topological spin textures in layered magnets has the potential to drive the development of advanced low-dimensional spintronics devices. However, achieving reliable and flexible manipulation of the topological spin textures beyond skyrmion in a two-dimensional magnet system remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate the introduction of magnetic iron atoms between the van der Waals gap of a layered magnet, Fe3GaTe2, to modify local anisotropic magnetic interactions. Consequently, we present direct observations of the order-disorder skyrmion lattices transition. In addition, non-trivial topological solitons, such as skyrmioniums and skyrmion bags, are realized at room temperature. Our work highlights the influence of random spin control of non-trivial topological spin textures.
Seasonal antigenic prediction of influenza A H3N2 using machine learning
Authors: Shah Syed Awais W. , Palomar Daniel P. , Barr Ian , Poon Leo L. M. , Quadeer Ahmed Abdul , McKay Matthew R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAntigenic characterization of circulating influenza A virus (IAV) isolates is routinely assessed by using the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays for surveillance purposes. It is also used to determine the need for annual influenza vaccine updates as well as for pandemic preparedness. Performing antigenic characterization of IAV on a global scale is confronted with high costs, animal availability, and other practical challenges. Here we present a machine learning model that accurately predicts (normalized) outputs of HI assays involving circulating human IAV H3N2 viruses, using their hemagglutinin subunit 1 (HA1) sequences and associated metadata. Each season, the model learns an updated nonlinear mapping of genetic to antigenic changes using data from past seasons only. The model accurately distinguishes antigenic variants from non-variants and adaptively characterizes seasonal dynamics of HA1 sites having the strongest influence on antigenic change. Antigenic predictions produced by the model can aid influenza surveillance, public health management, and vaccine strain selection activities.
A filtering reconfigurable intelligent surface for interference-free wireless communications
Authors: Liang Jing Cheng , Zhang Lei , Luo Zhangjie , Jiang Rui Zhe , Cheng Zhang Wen , Wang Si Ran , Sun Meng Ke , Jin Shi , Cheng Qiang , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe powerful capability of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) in tailoring electromagnetic waves and fields has put them under the spotlight in wireless communications. However, the current designs are criticized due to their poor frequency selectivity, which hinders their applications in real-world scenarios where the spectrum is becoming increasingly congested. Here we propose a filtering RIS to feature sharp frequency-selecting and 2-bit phase-shifting properties. It permits the signals in a narrow bandwidth to transmit but rejects the out-of-band ones; meanwhile, the phase of the transmitted signals can be digitally controlled, enabling flexible manipulations of signal propagations. A prototype is designed, fabricated, and measured, and its high quality factor and phase-shifting characteristics are validated by scattering parameters and beam-steering phenomena. Further, we conduct a wireless communication experiment to illustrate the intriguing functions of the RIS. The filtering behavior enables the RIS to perform wireless signal manipulations with anti-interference ability, thus showing big potential to advance the development of next-generation wireless communications.
Distinct cellular immune responses in children en route to type 1 diabetes with different first-appearing autoantibodies
Authors: Starskaia Inna , Valta Milla , Pietilä Sami , Suomi Tomi , Pahkuri Sirpa , Kalim Ubaid Ullah , Rasool Omid , Rydgren Emilie , Hyöty Heikki , Knip Mikael , Veijola Riitta , Ilonen Jorma , Toppari Jorma , Lempainen Johanna , Elo Laura L. , Lahesmaa Riitta 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPrevious studies have revealed heterogeneity in the progression to clinical type 1 diabetes in children who develop islet-specific antibodies either to insulin (IAA) or glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA) as the first autoantibodies. Here, we test the hypothesis that children who later develop clinical disease have different early immune responses, depending on the type of the first autoantibody to appear (GADA-first or IAA-first). We use mass cytometry for deep immune profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples longitudinally collected from children who later progressed to clinical disease (IAA-first, GADA-first, ≥2 autoantibodies first groups) and matched for age, sex, and HLA controls who did not, as part of the Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention study. We identify differences in immune cell composition of children who later develop disease depending on the type of autoantibodies that appear first. Notably, we observe an increase in CD161 expression in natural killer cells of children with ≥2 autoantibodies and validate this in an independent cohort. The results highlight the importance of endotype-specific analyses and are likely to contribute to our understanding of pathogenic mechanisms underlying type 1 diabetes development.
Early warning signals of the termination of the African Humid Period(s)
Authors: Trauth Martin H. , Asrat Asfawossen , Fischer Markus L. , Hopcroft Peter O. , Foerster Verena , Kaboth-Bahr Stefanie , Kindermann Karin , Lamb Henry F. , Marwan Norbert , Maslin Mark A. , Schaebitz Frank , Valdes Paul J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe transition from a humid green Sahara to today’s hyperarid conditions in northern Africa ~5.5 thousand years ago shows the dramatic environmental change to which human societies were exposed and had to adapt to. In this work, we show that in the 620,000-year environmental record from the Chew Bahir basin in the southern Ethiopian Rift, with its decadal resolution, this one thousand year long transition is particularly well documented, along with 20–80 year long droughts, recurring every ~160 years, as possible early warnings. Together with events of extreme wetness at the end of the transition, these droughts form a pronounced climate “flickering”, which can be simulated in climate models and is also present in earlier climate transitions in the Chew Bahir environmental record, indicating that transitions with flickering are characteristic of this region.
The miR-144/Hmgn2 regulatory axis orchestrates chromatin organization during erythropoiesis
Authors: Kretov Dmitry A. , Folkes Leighton , Mora-Martin Alexandra , Walawalkar Isha A. , Imrat  , Syedah Noreen , Vanuytsel Kim , Moxon Simon , Murphy George J. , Cifuentes Daniel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDifferentiation of stem and progenitor cells is a highly regulated process that involves the coordinated action of multiple layers of regulation. Here we show how the post-transcriptional regulatory layer instructs the level of chromatin regulation via miR-144 and its targets to orchestrate chromatin condensation during erythropoiesis. The loss of miR-144 leads to impaired chromatin condensation during erythrocyte maturation. Among the several targets of miR-144 that influence chromatin organization, the miR-144-dependent regulation of Hmgn2 is conserved from fish to humans. Our genetic probing of the miR-144/Hmgn2 regulatory axis establish that intact miR-144 target sites in the Hmgn2 3’UTR are necessary for the proper maturation of erythrocytes in both zebrafish and human iPSC-derived erythroid cells while loss of Hmgn2 rescues in part the miR-144 null phenotype. Altogether, our results uncover miR-144 and its target Hmgn2 as the backbone of the genetic regulatory circuit that controls the terminal differentiation of erythrocytes in vertebrates.
In-silico-assisted derivatization of triarylboranes for the catalytic reductive functionalization of aniline-derived amino acids and peptides with H2
Authors: Hisata Yusei , Washio Takashi , Takizawa Shinobu , Ogoshi Sensuke , Hoshimoto Yoichi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCheminformatics-based machine learning (ML) has been employed to determine optimal reaction conditions, including catalyst structures, in the field of synthetic chemistry. However, such ML-focused strategies have remained largely unexplored in the context of catalytic molecular transformations using Lewis-acidic main-group elements, probably due to the absence of a candidate library and effective guidelines (parameters) for the prediction of the activity of main-group elements. Here, the construction of a triarylborane library and its application to an ML-assisted approach for the catalytic reductive alkylation of aniline-derived amino acids and C-terminal-protected peptides with aldehydes and H2 is reported. A combined theoretical and experimental approach identified the optimal borane, i.e., B(2,3,5,6-Cl4-C6H)(2,6-F2-3,5-(CF3)2-C6H)2, which exhibits remarkable functional-group compatibility toward aniline derivatives in the presence of 4-methyltetrahydropyran. The present catalytic system generates H2O as the sole byproduct.
Effects of management practices on the ecosystem-service multifunctionality of temperate grasslands
Authors: Richter Franziska J. , Suter Matthias , Lüscher Andreas , Buchmann Nina , El Benni Nadja , Feola Conz Rafaela , Hartmann Martin , Jan Pierrick , Klaus Valentin H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHuman wellbeing depends on ecosystem services, highlighting the need for improving the ecosystem-service multifunctionality of food and feed production systems. We study Swiss agricultural grasslands to assess how employing and combining three widespread aspects of grassland management and their interactions can enhance 22 plot-level ecosystem service indicators, as well as ecosystem-service multifunctionality. The three management aspects we assess are i) organic production system, ii) an eco-scheme prescribing extensive management (without fertilization), and iii) harvest type (pasture vs. meadow). While organic production system and interactions between the three management aspects play a minor role, the main effects of eco-scheme and harvest type considerably shape single services. Moreover, the eco-scheme ‘extensive management’ and the harvest type ‘pasture’ enhance plot-scale ecosystem-service multifunctionality, mostly through facilitating cultural services at the expense of provisioning services. These changes in ecosystem-service supply occur mainly via changes in land-use intensity, i.e., reduced fertilizer input and harvest frequency. In conclusion, diversifying grassland management where this is currently homogeneous across farms and landscapes depicts an important first step to improve landscape-scale multifunctionality for sustainable grassland systems. To meet societal ecosystem services demand, the three studied management aspects can be systematically combined to increase ecosystem services that are in short supply.
Allosteric regulation by c-di-AMP modulates a complete N-acetylglucosamine signaling cascade in Saccharopolyspora erythraea
Authors: You Di , Zhao Liu-Chang , Fu Yu , Peng Zhi-Yao , Chen Zong-Qin , Ye Bang-Ce 
Published: May 2024

Abstractc-di-AMP is an essential and widespread nucleotide second messenger in bacterial signaling. For most c-di-AMP synthesizing organisms, c-di-AMP homeostasis and the molecular mechanisms pertaining to its signal transduction are of great concern. Here we show that c-di-AMP binds the N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)-sensing regulator DasR, indicating a direct link between c-di-AMP and GlcNAc signaling. Beyond its foundational role in cell-surface structure, GlcNAc is attractive as a major nutrient and messenger molecule regulating multiple cellular processes from bacteria to humans. We show that increased c-di-AMP levels allosterically activate DasR as a master repressor of GlcNAc utilization, causing the shutdown of the DasR-mediated GlcNAc signaling cascade and leading to a consistent enhancement in the developmental transition and antibiotic production in Saccharopolyspora erythraea. The expression of disA, encoding diadenylate cyclase, is directly repressed by the regulator DasR in response to GlcNAc signaling, thus forming a self-sustaining transcriptional feedback loop for c-di-AMP synthesis. These findings shed light on the allosteric regulation by c-di-AMP, which appears to play a prominent role in global signal integration and c-di-AMP homeostasis in bacteria and is likely widespread in streptomycetes that produce c-di-AMP.
The genomic landscape of Vk*MYC myeloma highlights shared pathways of transformation between mice and humans
Authors: Maura Francesco , Coffey David G. , Stein Caleb K. , Braggio Esteban , Ziccheddu Bachisio , Sharik Meaghen E. , Du Megan T. , Tafoya Alvarado Yuliza , Shi Chang-Xin , Zhu Yuan Xiao , Meermeier Erin W. , Morgan Gareth J. , Landgren Ola , Bergsagel P. Leif , Chesi Marta 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by frequent MYC translocations. Sporadic MYC activation in the germinal center of genetically engineered Vk*MYC mice is sufficient to induce plasma cell tumors in which a variety of secondary mutations are spontaneously acquired and selected over time. Analysis of 119 Vk*MYC myeloma reveals recurrent copy number alterations, structural variations, chromothripsis, driver mutations, apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide (APOBEC) mutational activity, and a progressive decrease in immunoglobulin transcription that inversely correlates with proliferation. Moreover, we identify frequent insertional mutagenesis by endogenous retro-elements as a murine specific mechanism to activate NF-kB and IL6 signaling pathways shared with human MM. Despite the increased genomic complexity associated with progression, advanced tumors remain dependent on MYC. In summary, here we credential the Vk*MYC mouse as a unique resource to explore MM genomic evolution and describe a fully annotated collection of diverse and immortalized murine MM tumors.
High SARS-CoV-2 incidence and asymptomatic fraction during Delta and Omicron BA.1 waves in The Gambia
Authors: Jarju Sheikh , Wenlock Rhys D. , Danso Madikoi , Jobe Dawda , Jagne Ya Jankey , Darboe Alansana , Kumado Michelle , Jallow Yusupha , Touray Mamlie , Ceesay Ebrima A. , Gaye Hoja , Gaye Biran , Tunkara Abdoulie , Kandeh Sheriff , Gomes Marie , Sylva Ellen Lena , Toure Fatoumata , Hornsby Hailey , Lindsey Benjamin B. , Nicklin Martin J. , Sayers Jon R. , Sesay Abdul K. , Kucharski Adam , Hodgson David , Kampmann Beate , de Silva Thushan I. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLittle is known about SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in African countries with high levels of infection-driven immunity and low vaccine coverage. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 349 participants from 52 households in The Gambia between March 2021 and June 2022, with routine weekly SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR and 6-monthly SARS-CoV-2 serology. Attack rates of 45% and 57% were seen during Delta and Omicron BA.1 waves respectively. Eighty-four percent of RT-PCR-positive infections were asymptomatic. Children under 5-years had a lower incidence of infection than 18-49-year-olds. One prior SARS-CoV-2 infection reduced infection risk during the Delta wave only, with immunity from ≥2 prior infections required to reduce the risk of infection with early Omicron lineage viruses. In an African population with high levels of infection-driven immunity and low vaccine coverage, we find high attack rates during SARS-CoV-2 waves, with a high proportion of asymptomatic infections and young children remaining relatively protected from infection.
SARS-CoV-2 Mpro responds to oxidation by forming disulfide and NOS/SONOS bonds
Authors: Reinke Patrick Y. A. , Schubert Robin , Oberthür Dominik , Galchenkova Marina , Rahmani Mashhour Aida , Günther Sebastian , Chretien Anaïs , Round Adam , Seychell Brandon Charles , Norton-Baker Brenna , Kim Chan , Schmidt Christina , Koua Faisal H. M. , Tolstikova Alexandra , Ewert Wiebke , Peña Murillo Gisel Esperanza , Mills Grant , Kirkwood Henry , Brognaro Hévila , Han Huijong , Koliyadu Jayanath , Schulz Joachim , Bielecki Johan , Lieske Julia , Maracke Julia , Knoska Juraj , Lorenzen Kristina , Brings Lea , Sikorski Marcin , Kloos Marco , Vakili Mohammad , Vagovic Patrik , Middendorf Philipp , de Wijn Raphael , Bean Richard , Letrun Romain , Han Seonghyun , Falke Sven , Geng Tian , Sato Tokushi , Srinivasan Vasundara , Kim Yoonhee , Yefanov Oleksandr M. , Gelisio Luca , Beck Tobias , Doré Andrew S. , Mancuso Adrian P. , Betzel Christian , Bajt Saša , Redecke Lars , Chapman Henry N. , Meents Alke , Turk Dušan , Hinrichs Winfried , Lane Thomas J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 is critical for viral function and a key drug target. Mpro is only active when reduced; turnover ceases upon oxidation but is restored by re-reduction. This suggests the system has evolved to survive periods in an oxidative environment, but the mechanism of this protection has not been confirmed. Here, we report a crystal structure of oxidized Mpro showing a disulfide bond between the active site cysteine, C145, and a distal cysteine, C117. Previous work proposed this disulfide provides the mechanism of protection from irreversible oxidation. Mpro forms an obligate homodimer, and the C117-C145 structure shows disruption of interactions bridging the dimer interface, implying a correlation between oxidation and dimerization. We confirm dimer stability is weakened in solution upon oxidation. Finally, we observe the protein’s crystallization behavior is linked to its redox state. Oxidized Mpro spontaneously forms a distinct, more loosely packed lattice. Seeding with crystals of this lattice yields a structure with an oxidation pattern incorporating one cysteine-lysine-cysteine (SONOS) and two lysine-cysteine (NOS) bridges. These structures further our understanding of the oxidative regulation of Mpro and the crystallization conditions necessary to study this structurally.