bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of 7,12-dimethylbenz[A]anthracene on immune function and mixed-function oxygenase activity in the european starling
Authors: Trust Kimberly A. , Hooper Michael J. , Fairbrother Anne 
Published: March 2010

AbstractImmune function and hepatic MFO activity were examined in adult and nestling starlings administered a synthetic PAH, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). Methods used to examine the starling immune system included immunopa-thology, macrophage phagocytosis, lymphocyte blastogenesis to concanavalin A, and hemagglutination of sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). Concomitant investigations of MFO activity were conducted in starlings exposed to DMBA. Ethoxyresorufin O-dealkylase (EROD) and pentoxyresorufin O-depentylase (PROD) were used as indicators of hepatic MFO activity. Changes in MFO activity were compared to chemically altered immune responses following DMBA exposure. Subcutaneous exposure of adult starlings to 125 mg/kg DMBA resulted in suppression of lymphocyte blastogenesis and antibody production to SRBC. EROD and PROD activity were increased 2.8- and 3.4-fold, respectively. Lymphocyte blastogenesis was impaired in adult starlings orally exposed to 125 mg/kg DMBA. The immune system of nestling starlings exposed orally to 100 mg/kg DMBA was altered, as evidenced by decreased phagocytic ability of macrophages and inhibition of lymphocyte blastogenesis. Oral exposure to DMBA did not induce MFO activity in starlings of either age class. Effects of DMBA on immune function and MFO activity in starlings varied with the age of birds and route and length of chemical exposure.
Bioaccumulation, biotransformation and DNA binding of pahs in feral eel (Anguilla anguilla) exposed to polluted sediments: A field survey
Authors: van der Oost Ron , Heida Henk , Satumalay Karel , van Schooten Frederik-Jan , Ariese Freek , Vermeulen Nico P. E. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Samples of sediment and eel taken from six sites in Amsterdam with different levels of water pollution were analyzed for 16 parental PAHs In addition, biliary PAH metabolites and hepatic PAH-DNA adducts were determined in the eel to evaluate biomomtoring techniques for PAH exposure There was a clear difference between PAH profiles in sediments and eel Mainly two- and three-ring PAHs were detected in eel, whereas four-ring PAHs predominated in the sediments Because PAH bioaccumulation was highest in eel from the reference sites, tissue levels of the parental PAH are probably not the most accurate monitor of PAH exposure in fish An elevated excretion of 1 OH pyrene (determined by synchronous scan fluores cence) was observed in the bile of fish from three of the four polluted sites, indicating that this parameter may be used as a biomarker for PAH exposure A significant increase in PAH-DNA adduct levels (determined by 32P postlabeling) was observed in the liver of eel from all polluted sites Therefore, this parameter seems to be a sensitive biomarker for exposure to mutagenic and carcinogenic PAHs
In vitro adrenal bio activation and effects on steroid metabolism of DDT, PCBs and their metabolites in the gray seal (Halichoerus grypus)
Authors: Lund Bert-Ove 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The irreversible binding of the DDT metabolites o,p DDD [2 (2-chlorophenyl) 2(4-chlorophenyl) 1,1-dichloroethane] and MeSO2 DDE [3 methylsulfonyl 2,2-bis(4 chlorophenyl) 1,1-dichloroethene], as well as their potential to inhibit mitochondrial steroid 11β-hydroxylation in the gray seal adrenal gland, was studied The adrenal bioactivated both o,p -DDD and MeSO2 DDE in vitro The irreversible binding of o,p DDD was, however, 17 times higher than that of MeSO2-DDE In both cases, the enzymes responsible for the activation resided primarily in mitochondria, and inhibitory effects of cytochrome P450 inhibitors (metyrapone and SKF 525A) and NADPH omission indicated mitochondnal P450 enzymes as responsible for the bioactivation Forty micromolar concentrations of o,p DDD and p,p DDT [2-(4 chlorophenyl)-2(4 chlorophenyl) 1,1,1-trichloroethane] inhibited 11β hydroxylation of glucocorticoids (10 μM) by approximately 25 % In contrast, none of the studied compounds — MeSO2-DDE, p,p DDE, some PCBs, and methylsulfonyl-PCBs (40 μM) - affected the mitochondrial 11β-hydroxylase activity Bioactivation of environmental pollutants such as DDT and PCB metabolites and inhibition of P450 11β hydroxylase are discussed as possible reasons for the generation of the adrenocortical hyperplasia observed in Baltic seals
Boron and silicon: Effects on growth, plasma lipids, urinary cyclic amp and bone and brain mineral composition of male rats
Authors: Seaborn Carol D. , Nielsen Forrest H. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Because boron resembles silicon in its chemical properties, an experiment was performed to determine if excessive dietary boron would affect the response to silicon deprivation and, conversely, if silicon would influence the effects of an excessive intake of boron. Male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to groups of six or 12 in a two-by-two factorially arranged experiment. Supplemented to a ground corn/casein diet containing 1.2 μg silicon and 3 μg boron per gram were silicon as sodium metasilicate at 0 or 50 μg/g and boron as orthoboric acid at 0 or 500 μg/g diet. At nine weeks, animals fed high dietary boron had significantly decreased final body weights, liver-weight-to-body-weight ratios, urinary cAMP concentrations, plasma triglyceride, cholesterol, glycine, valine, leucine, and lysine concentrations and skull copper, sodium, and manganese concentrations. High dietary boron also significantly increased brain-weight-to-body-weight ratios, magnesium concentrations of femur, brain, and plasma, zinc concentration of femur, and iron concentration of skull. The bone mineral findings suggest that excess dietary boron exerts subtle effects on bone composition. Dietary silicon affected blood urea nitrogen, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and the concentrations of plasma threonine and aspartic acid in animals fed excess boron. Depression of the testes-weight-to-body-weight ratio of animals fed 500 μg boron per gram diet was most marked in animals not fed silicon. Although excessive dietary boron did not markedly enhance the response of rats to silicon deprivation, dietary silicon affected their response to high dietary boron. Thus, dietary silicon apparently can influence boron toxicity.
Sediment toxicity, contamination and amphipod abundance at a DDT- and dieldrin-contaminated site in San Francisco Bay
Authors: Swartz Richard C. , Cole Faith A. , Lamberson Janet O. , Ferraro Steven P. , Schults Donald W. , Deben Waldemar A. , Lee Ii Henry , Ozretich Robert J. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Sediment toxicity to the amphipod Eohaustonus estuanus, sediment contamination, and the abundance of amphipods were examined along a contamination gradient in the Launtzen Channel and adjacent parts of Richmond Harbor, Call forma Dieldnn and DDT were formulated and ground at this site from 1945 to 1966 Sediment contamination by both dieldrin and the sum of DDT and its metabolites (EDDT) was positively correlated with sediment toxicity and negatively correlated with the abundance of amphipods excluding Grandidierella japonica The maximum dieldnn and ΣDDT concentrations in toxic units were 0 018 and 9 43, respectively, indicating that ΣDDT was the dominant ecotoxicological factor Concentrations of PAHs, PCBs, and metals were not sufficient to cause appreciable toxicity, except at one PAH contaminated station Relations between ΣDDT, sediment toxicity, and amphipod abundance are similar at three ΣDDT contaminated sites The 10 d LC50 for ΣDDT in field-collected sediment was 2,500 μg/g organic carbon (OC) for Eohaustonus estuanus in this study, 1,040 μg/g OC for Rhepoxymus abromus exposed to Palos Verdes Shelf, California, sediment, and 2,580 μg/g OC for Hyalella azteca exposed to sediment from a freshwater stream system near Huntsville, Alabama The threshold for 10 d sediment toxicity occurred at about 300 μg ΣDDT/g OC The abundance of amphipods (except Grandidierella japonica) was reduced at EDDT concentrations &gt; 100 μg/g OC Correlations between toxicity, contamination, and biology indicate that acute sediment toxicity to Eohaustonus estuanus, Rhepoxymus abromus, or Hyalella azteca in lab tests provides reliable evidence of biologically adverse sediment contamination in the field
Evaluation of the resident-species procedure for developing site-specific water quality criteria for copper in blaine creek, kentucky
Authors: Dobbs Michael G. , Farris Jerry L. , Cherry Donald S. , Cairns John , Reash Rob J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAcute toxicity tests were performed on each of nine different organisms in Blaine Creek (Lawrence County, KY) water to determine 48-h LC50 values for copper (Cu). Blaine Creek is the receiving stream for Kentucky Power Company's Big Sandy Plant fly-ash pond discharge. Selection of the nine tested species and integration of the results were based on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) resident-species procedure. The following LC50 (μg Cu/L) values were obtained (hardness 100-120 mg/L as CaCO3): Daphnia pulex 37; Physella sp. 109; Isonychia bicolor 223; Pimephales promelas 284; Stenonema sp. 453; Eurycea bislineata 1,120; Chironomus riparius 1,170; Orconectes sp. 2,370; Lepomis macrochirus 4,300. A final acute value (FAV) of 10.1 μg Cu/L (hardness 50 mg/L as CaCO3) was derived using the Blaine Creek database, which is lower than the EPA's national FAV (18.5 μg/L). The differences in FAVs were due to the effect of database size, not differences in the relative sensitivity of test organisms. Our findings provide caution for dischargers who may choose to use the resident-species procedure for future site-specific water-quality-criteria demonstrations. The resident-species procedure, because of the inherent conservative bias of the calculation process, tends to produce more stringent criteria when used on a site-specific basis. A modified recalculation procedure, in conjunction with site-specific metal bioavailability data, was judged to be the most appropriate method for deriving site-specific Cu criteria for Blaine Creek.
Detection of Genotoxic Insult as DNA strand breaks in fish blood cells by agarose gel electrophoresis
Authors: Theodorakis Christopher W. , D'Surney Steven J. , Shugart Lee R. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
DNA, isolated from the blood cells of bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) exposed in the lab to bedded sediment collected from a site contaminated with genotoxic compounds (i e, PAHs, PCBs, and heavy metals), was examined for strand breakage by agarose gel electrophoresis Before electrophoresis the blood cells were embedded in agarose plugs and incubated with proteinase After electrophoresis under both neutral (pH 7) or alkaline (pH 12) conditions, the median molecular length (MML) of the DNA distributed in the gel was determined These quantitative measures were used to estimate the difference in the number of double and single strand breaks between DNA preparations Both types of strand breakage were found to be greater in fish exposed to sediment contaminated with genotoxic compounds as compared to nonexposed fish A statistically significant correlation was demonstrated between the MML value obtained by the electrophoretic assay reported here and the F value (measure of DNA double strandedness) obtained by the alkaline unwinding assay
Complex mixture analysis using protein expression as a qualitative and quantitative tool
Authors: Bradley Brian P. , Gonzalez Carole M. , Bondf Jayne-Anne , Tepper Bruce E. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Some proteins in organisms exposed to chemicals in stressful amounts or toxic concentrations show increased expression, others show decreased expression These inducible and repressible proteins together potentially provide qualitative and quantitative diagnoses of components in complex mixtures of chemicals We examined sets of proteins synthesized by Daphmamagna after exposure to mixtures of a catiomc polyamide epichlorhydrim adduct (Kymene) and a combined assortment of water extractable substances from chemi thermal mechanical pulp (CTMP) in lab water Proteins were identified, after extracting from Daphma magna, by gel filtration and silver staining, or by radiolabelmg and then gel separation Patterns of proteins induced by Kymene® and by CTMP extracts were distinguishable in lab water, but there was interaction between them The method of identifying and quantifying Kymene, however, was successful using lab simulations of mixtures The method was tested using wastewater samples from a paper manufacturing plant Kymene could be detected against variable levels and types of additional substances But, again, there was interference, perhaps due to Kymene binding to other anionic polymers sometimes present in the samples Interpretations from analyses of protein expression were consistent with results from sublethal Ceriodaphnia dubia assays
Survey of receiving-water environmental impacts associated with discharges from pulp mills: 1. Mill characteristics, receiving-water chemical profiles and lab toxicity tests
Authors: Robinson Richard D. , Carey John H. , Solomon Keith R. , Smith Ian R. , Servos Mark R. , Munkittrick Kelly R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis survey examined the relationship between environmental responses at pulp mill sites and the pulping process (kraft vs. sulphite/thermomechanical pulping), effluent treatment (primary vs. secondary treatment), and bleaching technology used by pulp mills. This manuscript is the first in a series of four; it reviews the location and operating characteristics of mills included in the survey and provides background information on water chemistry that is relevant to the other components of the survey. In addition, lab 7-d toxicity tests of receiving water were conducted using fathead minnows (Pimephales prome-las) and the cladoceran Cenodaphma dubia with water samples collected upstream (reference) and downstream (plume) of effluent discharges at 11 Canadian pulp and paper mills; these samples were collected at the same time as fish surveys were conducted. Survival of fathead minnow larvae was significantly reduced at four of the 11 downstream sites. Ceriodaphnia reproduction was significantly higher at six of the 11 downstream sites and significantly lower at two downstream sites. There were no significant effects on fathead minnow larva growth or adult Cenodaphma survival at any of the examined downstream sites. Negative effects in the toxicity tests were generally associated with the low dilution discharge of primary treated effluent with a previous history of acute toxicity. Fathead minnow and Cenodaphnia tests were generally correlated with historical data on benthic mac-roinvertebrate community responses. Neither toxicity test predicted the physiological changes in wild fish that are presented in accompanying papers.
Survey of receiving-water environmental impacts associated with discharges from pulp mills: 2. Gonad size, liver size, hepatic erod activity and plasma sex steroid levels in white sucker
Authors: Munkittrick Kelly R. , Servos Mark R. , Van Der Kraak Glen J. , McMaster Mark E. , Portt Cam B. , Van Den Heuvel Michael R. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Fish collected from the receiving areas of 12 Canadian pulp mills were examined, including sites receiving effluent from kraft mills using chlorine as well as sulfite mills. Field collections included sampling of receiving water for chemistry and toxicity testing, and sampling of local fish for organ weights, hepatic MFO (ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase, EROD) activity, plasma steroid levels, and levels of liver dioxins. The main objectives of this study were to determine whether the discharge of effluent from pulp mills to sites other than Jackfish Bay was associated with physiological or biochemical disruptions in wild fish, whether there was any correlation between waste treatment and the presence of biological responses in wild fish, and whether there was any association between the use of chlorine as a bleaching agent and these responses. Although white sucker collected near bleached-kraft mills exhibited the highest EROD induction and dioxin levels, elevated enzyme activity was observed in fish from sites that did not use chlorine, and depressions in plasma sex steroid levels was not correlated with the level of EROD activity. The absence of chlorine bleaching or the presence of secondary treatment did not eliminate responses in fish, including decreased circulating levels of sex steroids, decreased gonadal size, and increased liver size. This survey has shown that (a) induction of hepatic EROD enzymes and depressions of plasma sex steroid levels during gonadal growth are found downstream of several pulp mills; (b) these changes are seen at some mills without chlorine bleaching and at mills that have secondary treatment; (c) substantial dilutions of nontoxic effluent do not appear to remove these responses; (d) the dominant factor determining the presence or absence of responses appeared to be dilution level; and (e) lab toxicity tests on invertebrates, rainbow trout, and fathead minnows could not predict the presence of these responses in wild fish.
Survey of receiving-water environmental impacts associated with discharges from pulp mills: 4. Bioassay-derived 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-P-dioxin toxic equivalent concentration in white sucker (catostomus commersoni) in relation to biochemical indicators of impact
Authors: Van Den Heuvel Michael R. , Servos Mark R. , Dixon D. George , Munkittrick Kelly R. , Van Der Kraak Glen J. , McMaster Mark E. , Portt Cameron B. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The H4IIE rat hepatoma bioassay was used to measure 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxic equivalent concentrations (TECs) in livers of white sucker (Catostomus commersom) collected downstream from eight Ontario pulp mills and five reference sites. Subsamples of liver were also chemically analyzed for dioxins and furans. Bioassay-derived TECs were compared with TECs calculated from chemical residues using toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) specifically generated for the H4IIE cell line. This indicated that the bioassay-derived TECs could be accounted for largely by the additive effect of the dioxin and furan congeners. Seven of the eight examined mills had significantly higher TECs than the corresponding reference locations. The bioassay-derived TECs were highest at mills that used kraft pulping and chlorine bleaching. Although lower than the kraft mills, the thermomechanical (TMP) and sulfite mills also had higher TECs than the adjacent reference locations. The TECs were compared with hepatic 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity (EROD), as well as with concentrations of the plasma steroid hormones 17β-estradiol, 11-ketotestosterone, and testosterone. Significant correlations were found between EROD activity and TECs in both male and female white sucker. The correlation for males was stronger than that for females. Some of the variability in this relationship for females could be explained by a multivariate regression that added 17β-estradiol to the analysis; a strongly negative relationship between 17β-estradiol and EROD activity was superimposed on the positive EROD-TEC relationship. No significant correlations were found between TECs and 11-ketotestosterone in males, 17β-estradiol in females, and gonadosomatic indexes in either sex. There were significant negative correlations between TECs and testosterone in both sexes.
No effects of a forest spraying of malathion on breeding blue tits (Parus caeruleus)
Authors: Pascual Juan Alberto 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Ultra low volume (ULV) aerial spraying of the organophosphorus insecticide malathion is widely used in Spain to control Tortrix viridana, the most important lepidopteran pest of Spanish holm oak forests (Quercus ilex) A field study was carried out in spring 1988 to analyze the short term effects of a standard application rate of malathion (1,160 g a i /ha) on the breeding success of the blue tit (Parus caeruleus) Several blue tit reproductive parameters and seasonal variation of arthropod densities in canopy trees (focusing on caterpillars, the main food resource for breeding blue tits) were compared between a mal-athion-treated plot and a control plot None of the breeding parameters (nest abandonment, nest success, hatching success, nestling mortality, daily survival rate, and nestling weight) showed differences between the treated and the control plots Malathion spraying caused nearly a 100% mortality of the target pest Tortrix viridana, but it did not reduce availability of another Tortricidae (Archips xylosteana), with the result that food supply was similar or higher in the treated plot than in the control plot The main conclusion of this study is that a forest standard application of malathion did not cause adverse short-term effects on breeding blue tits Moreover, this work focused on the indirect effects of insecticides via food depletion, its results suggest that in these kinds of studies it is more important to assess the abundance of arthropods remaining alive after treatment than the degree of arthropod mortality caused by the insecticide
Effects of an oil production effluent on gametogenesis and gamete performance in the purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus stimpson)
Authors: Krause Paul R. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Adult organisms subjected to chronic discharges from a point source of pollution may exhibit several sublethal responses. One such response is the impairment of gamete production. This may be expressed in the amount and/or quality of gametes produced by adults. In this study the effects of chronic exposure to produced water (an oil production effluent) on the gametogenesis and gamete performance of the purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Stimpson) were examined using an in situ caging experiment Adult purple sea urchins were kept in benthic cages arrayed down-field from a discharging dif-fuser at 13 sites, with distances ranging from 5 to 1,000 m. Cage exposures were maintained in the field for eight weeks, and each cage held 25 animals Gametogenesis was examined for each sex by comparing a size-independent measure of relative gonad mass as determined by analysis of covariance. Results showed that there was a significant negative relationship between these estimates of relative gonad mass and distance from the outfall for both sexes, indicating that sea urchins living closer to the outfall produced significantly larger gonads. Gamete performance was measured through a fertilization kinetics bioassay that held the concentration of eggs constant and varied the amount of sperm added The proportion of eggs fertilized under each sperm concentration was determined and the response fit to a model of fertilization kinetics This experiment showed significant differences in the fertilizabihty of eggs between cages, and egg fertilizabihty showed a positive relationship with distance away from the outfall These findings indicate that although adult sea urchins exposed to a produced water outfall exhibit larger gonads, they suffer a marked decrease in gamete performance