bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Serial Unequal Error Protection Code System Using Multilevel Trellis Coded Modulation with Ring‐type Signal Constellations for AWGN Channels
Authors: Yamazaki Satoshi , Asano David K. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe propose a serial unequal error protection (UEP) code system for use with information sources that contain a mixture of both important and less important data. To achieve UEP, the proposed scheme uses a form of Trellis coded modulation (TCM) which encodes the data by switching between some codes that use different signal constellations. So we propose ring‐type signal constellations with M levels of importance (MRING). Also, as no extra information about which code is used is added, the receiver estimates which code was used in the transmitter by examining the received signal points. In this paper, theoretical analyses of the 2RING signal constellations (that is, for M = 2) and TCM codes are presented, and the effectiveness and the validity of the system for additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels are confirmed using theoretical analyses and computer simulations. Copyright © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A New Accurate Model for Waste Heat Recovery System Using Power Turbine Generator: A New Approach to Shipboard Energy System
Authors: Matsui Nobumasa , Kurokawa Fujio , Shiraishi Keiichi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to present an accurate model of a waste heat recovery system using a power turbine generator (PTG) with respect to its dynamic characteristics. The PTG is the waste heat recovery type making use of the exhaust gas from the main shipboard diesel engines. However, with the PTG systems, the dynamic characteristics are not entirely clear. So, an accurate model is used to evaluate the safe operation of the PTG system. The simulation results are verified with a prototype constructed on the basis of simulation. As a result, in the transient response of the frequency, the frequency is overshot by 8% in both the simulated and measured models. Furthermore, in the startup process, the overshoot speed is 0.81 p.u. in the simulation and 0.83 p.u. in the measured models against 0.80 p.u. as per the design condition, at 100% output from the main diesel engine, which is considered as the most severe condition. The error between the overshoot speed in the simulated and measured data is less than 2%. The Instruments Society of America (ISA) Standard defines an error in dynamic plant simulation within 10%. Hence, it is confirmed that the proposed model has excellent property within standard. Copyright © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effects of Dynamic Air Gap on Air Gap Breakdown Discharge in Sand/Dust Environment
Authors: He Bo , Gao Naikui , Jin Haiyun , Peng Zongren 
Published: October 2010

AbstractEffects of vibration frequency and amplitude on air gap discharge characteristics were studied by simulation experiments through a special model. The results show that in clean air environment the air gap discharge characteristics are mainly affected by the minimum air gap distance, while in the sand/dust–air environment the air gap discharge characteristics are affected by the swing amplitude and frequency as well as by the minimum air gap distance. Copyright © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An efficient mesh‐based multicast routing protocol in mobilead hocnetworks
Authors: Astier Eric , Hafid Abdelhakim , Aljahdali Sultan 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMesh‐based multicast routing protocols for mobilead hocnetworks (MANETs) build multiple paths from senders to receivers to deliver packets even in the presence of links breaking. This redundancy results in high reliability/robustness but may significantly increase packet overhead. This paper proposes a mesh‐based multicast protocol, called centered protocol for unified multicasting through announcements (CPUMA), that achieves comparable reliability as existing mesh‐based multicast protocols, however, with significantly much less data overhead. In CPUMA, a distributed core‐selection and maintenance algorithm is used to find the source‐centric center of a shared mesh. We leverage data packets to center the core of each multicast group shared mesh instead of using GPS or any pre‐assignment of cores to groups (the case of existing protocols). The proposed centering scheme allows reducing data packet overhead and creating forwarding paths toward the nearest mesh member instead of the core to reduce latency. We show,viasimulations, that CPUMA outperforms existing multicast protocols in terms of data packet overhead, and latency while maintaining a constant or better packet delivery ratio, at the cost of a small increase in control overhead in a few scenarios. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Imaging of apoptosis in the heart with nanoparticle technology
Authors: Chen Howard H. , Josephson Lee , Sosnovik David E. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractApoptosis plays an important role in the loss of cardiomyocytes in both ischemic injury and heart failure. Pioneering work with single photon emission computed tomography imaging of 99Tc‐annexin showed that cell death in the heart could be imaged in vivo. Over the last 5 years a significant amount of experience with annexin‐labeled magnetic nanoparticles, principally AnxCLIO‐Cy5.5, has also been gained. Here, we review the experience with AnxCLIO‐Cy5.5 in the heart and compare this experience to that of earlier studies with 99Tc‐annexin. The imaging of apoptosis with AnxCLIO‐Cy5.5 provides valuable insights not only into molecular imaging in the heart but, more broadly, into the use of nanoparticle technology for molecular imaging in general. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2011 3 86–99 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.115This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > In Vitro Nanoparticle-Based Sensing
Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Cardiovascular Disease
Axillary Staging in Breast Cancer Patients with Exclusive Lymphoscintigraphic Drainage to the Internal Mammary Chain
Authors: van Esser Stijn , Madsen Eva V. E. , van Dalen Thijs , Koelemij Ron , van Rossum Peter S. N. , Borel Rinkes Inne H. M. , van Hillegersberg Richard , Witkamp Arjen J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the need of axillary staging in breast cancer patients showing exclusive lymphatic drainage to the internal mammary chain (IMC).MethodsA total of 2203 patients treated for breast carcinoma in three participating hospitals between July 2001 and July 2008 were analyzed. Only patients showing drainage to the IMC on preoperative lymphoscintigraphy were included. The number of harvested IMC sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs), axillary SLNs, and metastases were recorded. Finally, the follow‐up of this group of patients was analyzed.ResultsIn 25/426 patients, drainage was exclusively to the IMC. Exploration of the axilla resulted in the harvesting of blue SLNs in 9 patients (36%) and the retrieval of an enlarged lymph node in 1 patient. In 4 of the remaining 15 patients, an axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) was done. Lymph node metastases were found in 3 patients who had blue axillary SLNs and in 1 patient who underwent ALND. In the 11 patients who had no blue SLNs and no ALND, no axillary recurrences were observed during follow‐up (median = 26 months).ConclusionsProper staging of the axilla remains crucial in patients showing exclusive drainage to the IMC. When no axillary node can be retrieved, ALND remains subject to discussion.
Gentrification and Urban Children's Well‐Being: Tipping the Scales from Problems to Promise
Authors: Formoso Diana , N. Weber Rachel , S. Atkins Marc 
Published: October 2010

AbstractGentrification changes the neighborhood and family contexts in which children are socialized—for better and worse—yet little is known about its consequences for youth. This review, drawn from research in urban planning, sociology, and psychology, maps out mechanisms by which gentrification may impact children. We discuss indicators of gentrification and link neighborhood factors, including institutional resources and collective socialization, to family processes more proximally related to child development. Finally, we discuss implications for intervention and public policy recommendations that are intended to tip the scales toward better outcomes for low‐income youth in gentrifying areas.
Infertilité et hypogonadisme primaire acquis après herniorraphie inguinale bilatérale
Authors: Punga-Maole A.M.-L. , Mobile K. , Mbongo A.B. 
Published: October 2010

Résumé
L’hypogonadisme primaire acquis par atrophie testiculaire (AT) ischémique bilatérale est peu fréquent parmi les causes d’infertilité. Les auteurs rapportent chez un patient de 35 ans ayant consulté pour infertilité, une AT d’origine ischémique après une cure chirurgicale de hernie inguinale bilatérale selon la technique de Mac-Vay. Le bilan hormonal était typique: LH et FSH élevées, testostérone basse. La fréquence plus élevée d’AT après cure de hernie inguinale par les techniques sous tension comparée à celle consécutive aux techniques sans tension est rappelée. Ce cas clinique s’ajoute aux cas rares d’AT parmi les causes d’infertilité.
Pseudotumeur inflammatoire du cordon spermatique sur testicule ectopique: à propos d’un cas
Authors: Sarr A. , Dial C. , Sow Y. , Gaye M. , Thiam A. , Fall B. , Diao B. , Ba M. , Diagne B.A. 
Published: October 2010

Résumé
Les auteurs rapportent le premier cas de pseudotumeur du cordon spermatique observé chez un sujet présentant une ectopie testiculaire. L’exploration chirurgicale avait permis de retrouver une masse funiculaire surplombant le testicule, masse dont l’analyse histologique était revenue en faveur d’une funiculite pseudotumorale. À travers l’analyse de ce cas et une revue de la littérature, nous allons discuter des aspects diagnostiques et thérapeutiques de ces tumeurs paratesticulaires rares.
“Turn that thing off!” parent and adolescent predictors of proactive media monitoring
Authors: Padilla‐Walker Laura M. , Coyne Sarah M. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTThough much research has focused on the positive outcomes of parents’ monitoring of adolescents’ media use, few studies have examined predictors of parents’ media monitoring. Accordingly, the current study was designed to assess both parent and child predictors of proactive media monitoring during adolescence. Participants consisted of 478 families who completed parenting and media questionnaires at two time points, approximately one year apart. Results revealed that both maternal and paternal authoritative parenting predicted proactive media monitoring. Specifically, parental connection and regulation were associated with increased levels of prearming (also called active mediation); regulation was associated with higher levels of cocooning (also called restrictive mediation); and autonomy was associated with higher levels of deference. Additionally, adolescents’ self regulation, media use, and age all predicted lower levels of parental cocooning. This research highlights the importance of examining both parent and child factors when determining what strategies parents use to monitor the media.
Opioids and psychological issues: A practical, patient‐centered approach to a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy
Authors: Clark Michael R. , Galati Steven A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe use of long‐term opioid therapy for the management of chronic pain remains controversial. The highlighted consequences of long‐term opioid therapy are aberrant drug‐taking behaviors, abuse, and dependence. However, the limitations of this treatment modality usually can be attributed to a lack of efficacy and adverse events. Patients that remain refractory to long‐term opioid therapy for chronic pain often have a psychiatric disorder that is acting as a barrier to effectiveness. While standardized approaches to the evaluation of a patient to receive long‐term opioid therapy are established, little data exists to document their ability to limit opioid abuse or enhance their efficacy. Screening questionnaires and other attempts at predicting or detecting opioid‐related substance use disorders fail to determine the presence of comorbid psychiatric disorders. A comprehensive approach for the psychiatric evaluation of patients with chronic pain will address specific barriers to successful chronic pain management and optimize the chances for success with long‐term opioid therapy.
Electrical stimulation and ultrasound in regional anesthesia
Authors: Urmey William F. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractNerve localization can be achieved by eliciting either a functional needle endpoint (e.g. mechanical paresthesia, motor response to electrical stimulation) or anatomical endpoint (e.g. periarterial injection, ultrasonographic imaging). The most widely used method to determine a functional endpoint is by the use of electrical nerve stimulation. Increasingly, ultrasonographic guidance is being used to determine anatomical endpoint in conjunction with or in place of electrical nerve stimulation. Peripheral nerve stimulation utilizes an oscillating square wave (pulse) of electrical current at a given frequency, current amplitude, and pulse duration that are very accurate in locating peripheral nerves. Nerve stimulation is very specific but has been lacking in sensitivity. Newer technology, including sequential electrical nerve stimulation, maintains the accuracy while increasing the sensitivity of this modality. Ultrasonographic guidance can also be very specific and sensitive for nerve location. Compared to electrical nerve stimulation, compact portable ultrasound units are much more expensive. To date, no differences have been shown in block success or complication rates between the two techniques. It is important to maintain proficiency in the use of both electrical nerve stimulation and ultrasonographic guidance for optimal practice and teaching of peripheral nerve or plexus anesthesia. Ideally both techniques may often be used in conjunction, enabling the practitioner and patient the benefits of each technique during simultaneous use.
HapMap tag-SNP analysis confirms a role forCOMTin schizophrenia risk and reveals a novel association
Authors: Voisey J. , Swagell C.D. , Hughes I.P. , Lawford B.R. , Young R.M. , Morris C.P. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCatechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) encodes an enzyme involved in the metabolism of dopamine and maps to a commonly deleted region that increases schizophrenia risk. A non-synonymous polymorphism (rs4680) inCOMThas been previously found to be associated with schizophrenia and results in altered activity levels ofCOMT. Using a haplotype block-based gene-tagging approach we conducted an association study of sevenCOMTsingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 160 patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia and 250 controls in an Australian population. Two polymorphisms including rs4680 and rs165774 were found to be significantly associated with schizophrenia. The rs4680 results in a Val/Met substitution but the strongest association was shown by the novel SNP, rs165774, which may still be functional even though it is located in intron five. Individuals with schizophrenia were more than twice as likely to carry the GG genotype compared to the AA genotype for both the rs165774 and rs4680 SNPs. This association was slightly improved when males were analysed separately possibly indicating a degree of sexual dimorphism. Our results confirm thatCOMTis a good candidate for schizophrenia risk, by replicating the association with rs4680 and identifying a novel SNP association.
The benefits of “sleeping on things”: Unconscious thought leads to automatic weighting
Authors: Bos Maarten W. , Dijksterhuis Ap , van Baaren Rick B. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe tested and confirmed the hypothesis that unconscious thought leads to an automatic weighting process whereby important decision attributes receive more weight, and unimportant decision attributes receive less weight. In three experiments, participants chose between cars with few important positive attributes and many unimportant negative attributes (“Quality cars”), and cars with many unimportant positive attributes and few important negative attributes (“Frequency cars”). In all experiments, unconscious thinkers showed a stronger preference for Quality cars than immediate decision makers, showing that unconscious thought indeed evokes an automatic weighting process. An alternative explanation is refuted and implications are discussed.
Schulische Gesundheitsförderung bei Kindern mit Migrationshintergrund
Authors: Ottova Veronika , Ravens-Sieberer Ulrike 
Published: October 2010

Einleitung
Studien zeigen, dass Kinder mit Migrationshintergrund in einigen gesundheitsbezogenen Bereichen mehr gefährdet sind als jene ohne Migrationshintergrund. Im Rahmen der schulischen Gesundheitsförderung zeigten sich insbesondere Lebenskompetenzprogramme als Erfolg versprechend. Die PrimaSchule Studie hat die Wirksamkeit eben solcher Programme bei Kindern mit Migrationshintergrund sowie aus sozial schwächeren Verhältnissen untersucht.
Paleoenvironmental and paleoecological reconstruction of a freshwater oasis in savannah grassland at FLK North, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania
Authors: Ashley Gail M. , Barboni Doris , Dominguez-Rodrigo Manuel , Bunn Henry T. , Mabulla Audax Z.P. , Diez-Martin Fernando , Barba Rebeca , Baquedano Enrique 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe records of early hominins are commonly localized both temporally and spatially even in archaeologically rich basins like Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. The FLK North site was discovered in 1960, but the reason for the exact location of this dense concentration of fossils and stone tools on a lake-margin flat has not been explained. We present new geological and geochemical information from six excavations in upper Bed I, which revealed up to 1.4-m-thick carbonate deposits, attesting to the presence of freshwater springs in the area surrounding FLK North. The δ18O signatures of the tufa are typical for meteoric water that has evolved during evaporation. Tuff IF that caps the sequence was deposited on uneven topography with the highest area a low-relief ridge between two faults at the archaeological site and lowest areas being sites of groundwater discharge. The model proposed here is that rainfall on adjacent highlands was transported to the basin where faults acted as conduits for water. Similar hydrogeological settings at modern lakes Manyara and Eyasi, currently support lush groundwater forest and woodland despite arid climate. FLK North may have been an “oasis” offering freshwater and shelter for consuming meat by both carnivores and hominins.
ON COMMON DIVISORS OF MULTINOMIAL COEFFICIENTS
Authors: BERGMAN GEORGE M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractErdős and Szekeres [‘Some number theoretic problems on binomial coefficients’, Aust. Math. Soc. Gaz.5 (1978), 97–99] showed that for any four positive integers satisfying m1+m2=n1+n2, the two binomial coefficients (m1+m2)!/m1!m2! and (n1+n2)!/n1!n2! have a common divisor greater than 1. The analogous statement for k-element families of k-nomial coefficients (k>1) was conjectured in 1997 by David Wasserman.Erdős and Szekeres remark that if m1,m2,n1,n2 as above are all greater than 1, there is probably a lower bound on the common divisor in question which goes to infinity as a function of m1 +m2 . Such a bound is obtained in Section 2.The remainder of this paper is devoted to proving results that narrow the class of possible counterexamples to Wasserman’s conjecture.
INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION OF REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOUR IN BOTSWANA
Authors: LANGENI TABITHA T. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to investigate intergenerational transmission of reproductive behaviour in Botswana. The major source of data was the 2001 Botswana AIDS Impact Survey where a nationally representative random sample of men and women aged 10–64 years was selected using a stratified two-stage probability sample design. Covariates in the analysis include age, education, marital status, religion, age at first birth, residence, duration at residence and contraceptive use. The main analytical technique is linear regression. The results indicate that the reproductive behaviour of older generations has a significantly positive influence on the reproductive behaviour of the subsequent generation, but does not affect the subsequent generation homogenously. The effect appeared much stronger for women who initiated childbearing at an older age, for women who had never been to school, and for the cohort aged 50–59 years. These findings suggest that number of siblings, as a reproductive behaviour determinant, may very well have confounded previous reproductive behaviour analyses in Botswana. The study draws attention to the importance of the effect of origin family size in determining reproductive behaviour outcomes in Botswana.
Shifting Boundaries between Free and Unfree Labor: Introduction
Authors: Brown Carolyn , van der Linden Marcel 
Published: October 2010

In 1905, Henry Nevinson, at the time a well-known British journalist, visited Angola. He discovered that the slave trade was still going on in secret in that region, many years after it had officially been abolished. Deep inside Southern Africa slaves were caught; they were forced to walk hundreds of miles to the coast until they arrived at Katumbella, where “the slaves were rested, sorted out, dressed, and then taken on over the fifteen miles to Benguela, usually disguised as ordinary carriers.” In Benguela's main street,
there is a government office where the official representative of the “Central Committee of Labor and Emigration for the Islands” (having its headquarters in Lisbon) sits in state, and under due forms of law receives the natives, who enter one door as slaves and go out of another as serviçaes. Everything is correct. The native, who has usually been torn from his home far in the interior, perhaps as much as eight hundred miles away, and already sold twice, is asked by an interpreter if it is his wish to go to [the island of] San Thomé, or to undertake some other form of service to a new master. Of course he answers, “Yes.” It is quite unnecessary to suppose, as most people suppose, that the interpreter always asks such questions as, “Do you like to fish?” or “Will you have a drink?” though one of the best scholars in the languages of the interior has himself heard those questions asked at an official inspection of serviçaes on board ship. It would be unnecessary for the interpreter to invent such questions. If he asked, “Is it your wish to go to hell? ” the serviçal would say “yes” just the same. In fact, throughout this part of Africa the name of San Thomé is becoming identical with hell, and when a man has been brought hundreds of miles from his home by an unknown road and through long tracts of “hungry country”—when he also knows that if he did get back he would probably be sold again or killed —what else can he answer but “yes”? Under similar circumstances the Archbishop of Canterbury would answer the same. The serviçal says “yes,” and so sanctions the contract for his labor. The decencies of law and order are respected.
The Civil Rights Origins of Illegal Immigration
Authors: Ngai Mae M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe present immigration system is based on a core paradox. The method of allocating visas for the admission of permanent residents is based on principles of equality and fairness because all countries have the same quota. Yet visa demand varies widely. The principle of formal equality has disparate effects, being inclusionary for some and exclusionary for others. Four countries persistently max out on their caps—China, India, Mexico, and the Philippines—leading to long waits, easily ten to twenty years or more, and hence pressures for unlawful entry. The system generates an ever-larger caste-population of unauthorized immigrants.