bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and antifungal activity of novel 2‐benzimidazolylimino‐5‐arylidene‐4‐thiazolidinones
Authors: Mobinikhaledi Akbar , Foroughifar Naser , Kalhor Mehdi , Mirabolfathy Mansoureh 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
magnified imageA series of 5‐arylidene derivatives 3a‐k, as potential antifungal agents, were synthesized in good to high yields by the reaction of 2‐benzimidazolylimino‐4‐thiazolidinone and corresponding aromatic aldehyde in a buffered medium. These compounds were evaluated for their antifungal activities against four agricultural fungi, Botrytis elliptica, Fusarium graminearum, Phytophthora nicotianae, and Rhizoctonia solani. Thereby, it was found that the compound 1 exhibits an antifungal effect against P. nicotianae and B. elliptica, comparable with carbendazim as a standard antifungal. Our results may provide some guidance for development of some novel benzimidazole‐based antifungal lead structures. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 2010.
Piperidine mediated synthesis of n‐heterocyclic chalcones and their antibacterial activity
Authors: Venkatesan P. , Sumathi S. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
magnified imageThe chalcones 1‐(2′‐hydroxy‐aryl)‐3‐(1‐indol‐3‐yl)‐prop‐2‐en‐1‐one (3) and 1‐(2′‐hydroxy‐aryl)‐3‐(2‐chloroquinolin‐3‐yl)‐prop‐2‐en‐1‐one (6) were synthesised by piperidine mediated condensation of an ethanolic solution of an o‐hydroxyacetophenone (1) with corresponding heteroaryl‐3‐carboxaldehyde. The structures have been established on the basis of elemental (C, H, N) analysis, UV, IR, 1H NMR spectral data. The compounds 3 and 6 were screened for antimicrobial activities against a variety of bacterial agents. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 2010.
Unusual anisotropic effects from 1,3‐dipolar cycloadducts of 4‐azidomethyl coumarins
Authors: Kusanur Raviraj A. , Kulkarni Manohar V. , Kulkarni Geetha M. , Nayak Susanta K. , Guru Row Tayur N. , Ganesan Kilivelu , Sun Chung‐Ming 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
magnified image4‐Bromomethylcoumarins (1) reacted with sodium azide in aqueous acetone to give 4‐azidomethylcoumarins (2), which underwent 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition with acetylenic dipolarophiles to give triazoles (3). These triazoles (3) have been found to exhibit interesting variations in the chemical shifts of C3H and C4‐methylene protons. Protonation studies indicate that the shielding effect of the C3H of coumarin is due to π‐electrons of the triazole ring, further supported by diffraction and computational studies. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 2010.
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some methyl‐2‐[N‐coumarin‐6′‐yl]‐3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐isoindolone‐5‐carboxylates
Authors: Mir Aabid Ali , Mulwad Vinata V. , Trivedi G. K. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
magnified imageN‐substituted furylmethylimines are prepared by condensing 6‐aminocoumarins with furfural, these on sodium borohydride reduction afford N‐[coumarin‐6′‐yl]‐2‐furylamines. Intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition of these amines with maleic anhydride results into 3‐[N‐coumarin‐6′‐yl]‐4‐oxo‐10‐oxa‐3‐azatricyclo[5.2.1.01.5]dec‐8‐ene‐6‐carboxylic acids 4a, 4b, 4c. The [4+2] cycloadducts on p‐toluene sulphonic acid treatment followed by esterification yield the titled compounds. Compound 5a, 5b, 5c was also reduced to isoindolone alcohol 7a, 7b, 7c by sodium borohydride in the presence of a base. All the compounds have been tested in vitro for their antimicrobial activity against gram‐positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, one gram‐negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, and one fungal strain Candida albicans at 100 μg/mL concentration. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 2010.
n‐Butyllithium‐mediated reactions of 1‐(2‐azidoarylmethyl)‐ 1H‐benzotriazoles with alkyl halides
Authors: Kim Taehoon , Kim Kyongtae 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
magnified imageTreatment of 1‐(2‐azidoarylmethyl)‐1H‐benzotriazoles (6) with n‐BuLi (2.5 equiv.) in THF at −78°C, followed by an addition of alkyl halides such as allyl, benzyl, and ethyl bromides with stirring for 2 h at room temperature afforded 2‐(dialkylamino)‐3‐(benzotriazol‐1‐yl)‐2H‐indazoles (8), 3‐(benzotriazol‐ 1‐yl)‐2H‐indazoles (9), 2‐[(benzotriazol‐1‐yl)methyl]arylamine (10), and 2‐[(benzotriazol‐1‐yl)(alkyl) methyl]arylamine (11). J. Heterocyclic Chem., 2010.
A fast, reproducible and low‐cost method for sequence deconvolution of ‘on‐bead’ peptides via ‘on‐target’ maldi‐TOF/TOF mass spectrometry
Authors: Amadei Giulio A. , Cho Choi‐Fong , Lewis John D. , Luyt Leonard G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA novel approach to high‐throughput sequence deconvolution of on‐bead small peptides (MW < 2000 Da) using on‐target MALDI‐TOF/TOF instrumentation is presented. Short peptides of pentamer and octamer length, covalently attached to TentaGel polystyrene beads through a photolabile linker, were placed onto the MALDI target, apportioned with suitable matrix (2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid) and then hit with the instrument laser (Nd : YAG, 355 nm). This induced easy and highly reproducible photochemical cleavage, desorption (MS mode) and fragmentation (MS/MS mode). Peptide fragments were identified with a mass accuracy of 0.1 Da of the expected values. This technique significantly accelerates the sequence determination of positive peptide hits obtained from random combinatorial libraries when screening against biological targets, paving the way for a rapid and efficient method to identify molecular imaging ligands specific to pathological targets in cancer and other diseases. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atomistic analysis of B clustering and mobility degradation in highly B‐doped junctions
Authors: Aboy Maria , Pelaz Lourdes , López Pedro , Bruno E. , Mirabella S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this paper we discuss from an atomistic point of view some of the issues involved in the modeling of electrical characteristics evolution in silicon devices as a result of ion implantation and annealing processes in silicon. In particular, evolution of electrically active dose, sheet resistance and hole mobility has been investigated for high B concentration profiles in pre‐amorphized Si. For this purpose, Hall measurements combined with atomistic kinetic Monte Carlo atomistic simulations have been performed. An apparent anomalous behavior has been observed for the evolution of the active dose and the sheet resistance, in contrast to opposite trend evolutions reported previously. Our results indicate that this anomalous behavior is due to large variations in hole mobility with active dopant concentration, much larger than that associated to the classical dependence of hole mobility with carrier concentration. Simulations suggest that hole mobility is significantly degraded by the presence of a large concentration of boron‐interstitial clusters, indicating the existence of an additional scattering mechanism. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An in‐situ fluorescence‐based optical extensometry system for imaging mechanically loaded bone
Authors: Price Christopher , Li Wen , Novotny John E. , Wang Liyun 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe application and quantification of well‐controlled tissue strains is required for investigations into mechanisms of tissue adaptation within the musculoskeletal system. Although many commercial and custom extensometry systems exist for large biological samples, integrated loading/strain measurement for small samples is not as readily available. Advanced imaging modules such as laser scanning microscopy provide in situ, minimally invasive tools to probe cellular and molecular processes with high spatiotemporal resolution. Currently, a need exists to devise loading/strain measurement systems that can be integrated with such advanced imaging modules. We describe the development and validation of a fluorescence‐based, optical extensometry system directly integrated within a confocal microscopy platform. This system allows in situ measurement of surface strain and is compatible with the direct imaging of cellular processes within small bone samples. This optical extensometry system can accurately and reproducibly measure physiologically relevant surface strains (200 to 3000 microstrain) in beams machined from various well‐characterized materials, including bovine femoral cortex, and in intact murine tibia. This simple system provides a powerful tool to further our investigation of the relationships between mechanical loading, fluid and solute transport, and mechanosensation within the musculoskeletal system. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:805–811, 2010
Myosin heavy chain isoform profiles remain altered at 7 months if the lacerated medial gastrocnemius is poorly reinnervated: A study in rabbits
Authors: Pereira Barry P. , Han Hwan Chour , Yu Zou , Tan Bee‐Leng , Ling Zheng , Thambyah Ashvin , Nathan Saminathan S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLacerated skeletal muscles often do not recover full function after repair. Denervated muscles with altered myosin heavy chain isoform (MHC) profiles are known to result in functional impairment. We studied the functional recovery of lacerated muscles, assessing MHC profile changes in association to the involvement of the intramuscular nerve (IM). We tested three lacerated models using the rabbit's medial gastrocnemius where the IM was either cut (NNR), repaired (NR), or preserved intact (NP). Muscles were assessed 7 months after repair for muscle atrophy, isometric contraction (by electrical stimulation), and fibrosis formation at the lesion site. Changes in myofibrillar actomyosin adenosine triphosphatase activity, MHC profile, regenerating myofibers and reinnervation were assessed by Western blot, histology, or immunohistology. Lacerated muscles with a repaired (NR) or an intact (NP) IM showed good recovery, with no significant changes in the MHC profile. Muscles where the IM was not repaired (NNR) resulted in significant scar area at the lesion site (p < 0.05), muscle atrophy (67%, p < 0.05) and loss in contractile properties (63% of the uninjured side, p < 0.05). At 7 months, all muscles were reinnervated. However, the NNR had an inappropriate (polyneural) and poorly distributed reinnervation, the presence of regenerating myofibers, and demonstrated a fast‐to‐slow MHC transition (71%:29% to 44%:56%, ANOVA, p = 0.018). This was associated to the cut IM when the NNR muscle was lacerated. Poor reinnervation in lacerated skeletal muscles alters the myosin heavy chain profile permanently. This study provides a rationale to also consider biological solutions to improve nerve regeneration and reinnervation in the surgical repair of lacerated muscles. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:732–738, 2010
Differential expression of microRNA (miRNA) in chordoma reveals a role for miRNA‐1 in Met expression
Authors: Duan Zhenfeng , Choy Edwin , Nielsen G. Petur , Rosenberg Andrew , Iafrate John , Yang Cao , Schwab Joe , Mankin Henry , Xavier Ramnik , Hornicek Francis J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEmerging evidence suggests that microRNA (miRNA) expression signatures in cancer may have important diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic value, but there is no data on miRNA expression in chordoma. The purpose of this study was to identify the role of miRNAs in human chordoma. We analyzed miRNA expression in chordoma‐derived cell lines and chordoma tissue by using miRNA microarray technology with unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis. The relative expression levels of these miRNAs were confirmed by real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR and Northern blot analysis. To characterize the potential role of miRNA‐1, miRNA‐1 was stably transfected into a chordoma cell line, UCH1. The expression of miRNA‐1 targeted gene Met in chordoma tissues was also studied. We observe that human chordoma tissues and cell lines can be distinguished from normal muscle tissue by comparing miRNA expression profiles. Several miRNAs were differentially expressed in chordoma cell lines compared to controls, and similar expression patterns were found in primary chordoma tissues. Importantly, we were able to show for the first time, to our knowledge, that expression of miRNA‐1 and miRNA‐206, two miRNAs implicated in a number of other cancer types, were markedly decreased in both chordoma tissues and cell lines. When chordoma cell lines were transfected with miRNA‐1, downregulation of known miRNA‐1 targets was observed. These targets included Met and HDAC4—two genes that were observed to be overexpressed in chordoma. Our results demonstrate that some miRNAs are differentially expressed in chordoma and, in particular, miRNA‐1 may have a functional effect on chordoma tumor pathogenesis. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:746–752, 2010
Glacial forest refugium in Howard Valley, South Island, New Zealand
Authors: Marra Maureen J. , Thackray Glenn D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFossils of forest habitat beetles and leaves ofNothofagus menziesiiprovide evidence of a forest refugium at times between ca. 34 000 and ca. 18 500 cal. a BP at an upland site in Howard Valley, located adjacent to glaciated valleys in South Island, New Zealand. The stratigraphy of the glacial‐aged terrace sequence of organic‐rich silts and fluvial sand/gravels indicates that soil development occurred episodically for around 15 000 a. Fifty‐four beetle taxa represent seven habitat types: forest, forest or scrub, riparian and aquatic, litter, grass/tussock, marshland and moss habitats. Leaf and beetle fossils indicate that forest dominated byN. menziesiipersisted at the site for most of the time period represented, and tree line taxa such asTaenarthrussp. 1 (Carabidae) andPodocarpussp. (Podocarpaceae) indicate that the site may represent the upper tree limit for full‐glacial time. The finding of forest at this elevated site adds to the growing fossil evidence for multiple forest refugia in New Zealand during the last glaciation and is consistent with the pollen records, which have consistently indicated the presence of forest species during the last glaciations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flood frequencies reveal Holocene rapid climate changes (Lower Moulouya River, northeastern Morocco)
Authors: Zielhofer Christoph , Bussmann Jens , Ibouhouten Hanoun , Fenech Katrin 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCurrent high‐resolution palaeoenvironmental records reveal short‐term Holocene coolings. One of these major Holocene rapid climate changes occurred between 3.2 and 2.7 cal. ka BP. The sensitivity of river systems vis‐à‐vis slight and short‐term Holocene climatic variations is a subject of controversy in the scientific community. In this paper, we present a 4.0 to 1.4 cal ka BP palaeoflood record from the Lower Moulouya River (northeastern Morocco) to demonstrate the high sensitivity of semiarid rivers in the southwestern Mediterranean towards Holocene environmental changes. The Lower Moulouya flood deposits are characterised by thick, well‐stratified, predominantly clayey to silty overbank fine sediments. These cohesive sediments show evidence of excellent preservation conditions against fluvial erosion and contain a continuous record of mid to late Holocene flood sequences. The Moulouya palaeoflood record can be interpreted in the context of regional and global high‐resolution proxy data, revealing a strong coupling with Holocene rapid climate changes. The centennial‐scale Moulouya palaeohydrological history will be discussed with palaeoenvironmental data from the same record (palaeomagnetics, sedimentary charcoal record, anthracological analyses, snail analyses) to generate new ideas about the mid to late Holocene hydrological cycle in the southwestern Mediterranean. The deduced features of pronounced Lower Moulouya flooding and the decreased fire recurrence during Holocene cooling remain somewhat inconsistent with the interpretation of other palaeohydrological and paleaoecological records from the southwestern Mediterranean. However, enhanced Lower Moulouya flood frequencies between 3.2 and 2.7 cal. ka BP agree with increased floodplain aggradation in other major river systems of Mediterranean North Africa. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved age constraint for pre‐ and post‐Anglian temperate‐stage deposits in north Norfolk, UK, from analysis of serine decomposition in Bithynia opercula
Authors: Westaway Rob 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe ‘new glacial stratigraphy’ (NGS) of Britain postulates that deposits hitherto assigned to the Anglian glaciation in Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 12 represent MIS 16, 12, 10 and 6. This controversial idea can be tested at Sidestrand in north Norfolk, where fossiliferous temperate‐stage deposits underlie the oldest and overlie the youngest of the glacial deposits. Previous work has considered biostratigraphy and amino acid dating of these temperate‐stage deposits, but did not achieve tight age constraint using the amino acid evidence alone. The total hydrolysable amino acid fraction in intra‐crystalline protein from Bithynia tentaculata opercula has previously been analysed for concentrations of serine and alanine. Statistical screening of these data gives alanine/serine ratios of 4.572 ± 0.114 for the Sidestrand Hall Member (beneath the glacial deposits) and 3.564 ± 0.091 for the Sidestrand Cliff Formation (overlying the glacial deposits). These ratios imply ages of MIS 13a and 11c, respectively, indicating the latest Cromerian and early Hoxnian interglacials and invalidating the NGS. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Absolute pollen productivity and pollen–vegetation relationships in northern Finland
Authors: Sugita Shinya , Hicks Sheila , Sormunen Henna 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPollen productivity is one of the most critical parameters for pollen–vegetation relationships, and thus for vegetation reconstruction, in either pollen percentages or pollen accumulation rates. We obtain absolute pollen productivity of three major tree types in northern Finland: pine (Pinus sylvestris), spruce (Picea abies) and birch (Betula pubescens ssp. pubescens and B. pubescens ssp. czerepanovii treated as one taxon). Long‐term monitoring records of pollen traps from 15 sites (duration: 5–23 years) and tree volume estimates within a 14 km radius of each trap were compared to estimate pollen productivity (grains m−3 a−1) of these trees using a regression method. The slope of the linear relationship between pollen loading and distance‐weighted plant abundance represents pollen productivity. Estimated productivities of pollen (×108 grains m−3 a−1) for pine, spruce and birch are 128.7 (SE 31.5), 341.9 (SE 81.3) and 411.4 (SE 307.7), respectively. The birch estimate (P > 0.05) is not as good as the others and should be used with caution. Pollen productivities of pine, spruce and birch in northern Finland are, in general, comparable to those of congeneric species in other regions of Europe and Japan. Although the year‐to‐year variations are significant, our volume‐based estimates of pollen productivity for pine and spruce will be essential for quantitative reconstruction of vegetation in the region. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Imaging glacial sediment inclusions in 3‐D using ground‐penetrating radar at Kongsvegen, Svalbard
Authors: Murray Tavi , Booth Adam D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe quiescent‐phase surge‐type glacier, Kongsvegen, flows confluent with the continuously fast‐flowing Kronebreen in northwestern Spitsbergen. The lower regions of Kongsvegen overlie glaciomarine sediments, which have been incorporated into the ice during multiple surge events. The resulting englacial structures are exposed at the surface and on a cliff section. These structures have variously been interpreted as thrusts, formed by compression, or sediment‐filled crevasses, formed by extension. We collected a grid of closely spaced ground‐penetrating radar profiles in the area adjacent to the cliff section. Several structures were imaged in 3‐D, including a strong subhorizontal basal reflector, which was underlain by a second, weaker subhorizontal reflector. The basal reflector was occasionally reverse faulted, suggesting compression. Clear englacial features extended upwards from it, dipping up‐glacier at angles of <40° and steepening towards the glacier surface; they had complex geometries that changed rapidly cross‐glacier. The structures were orientated at ∼30° to ice flow, suggesting modification by lateral compression from Kronebreen. Some of these englacial structures clearly crossed the basal reflector. We conclude that the englacial features imaged are not likely to be derived from crevasse filling and were probably formed by thrusting. The results contribute to our understanding of surge initiation and termination processes, and interpretation of features in the palaeorecord. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluvial response to Holocene climate change in low‐order streams of central Mexico
Authors: Borejsza Aleksander , Frederick Charles D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAlluvial sequences constitute a recognised source of information on past environmental change, but one that has scarcely been tapped in central Mexico. This paper reviews what is currently known about the Holocene alluvial stratigraphy of the region, focusing on the interplay between climate and the pace and style of sedimentation in the incised headwater reaches of stream networks. The records obtained in five different drainage basins – four in the state of Tlaxcala and one in Guanajuato – are presented and compared to published reconstructions of climate change. A near‐synchronous incision of all stream networks occurred close to 10 20014C a BP in response to an increase in precipitation and stream discharge. A spell of very humid but markedly seasonal conditions ensued, resulting in the formation of wet meadows along streams and the accumulation of thick fine‐textured valley fills dominated by cumulic soil A horizons. After 910014C a BP a transition to a warmer and more arid climate provoked the thinning of vegetation cover on slopes, accelerated runoff and increased sediment delivery to streams. The aggradation of coarser‐textured valley fills poor in organic matter set in. It ceased or slowed down significantly after a few millennia as the studied stream reaches achieved a near‐graded condition adjusted to the relatively stable climate. Arid mid Holocene conditions are also reflected in the abundant precipitation of secondary carbonates in Guanajuato. At 310014C a BP higher precipitation caused more frequent flooding and a resumption of aggradation. Shortly after that date sedentary farmers colonised Tlaxcala. Agriculture altered runoff and sediment delivery to streams and accelerated cut‐and‐fill cycles on a scale that masked the impact of any climatic fluctuations. Guanajuato was colonised later and its alluvial record suggests the persistence of a humid climate at least until 100014C a BP. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.