bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
C-Reactive Protein and the Framingham Coronary Risk Score in Patients Newly Diagnosed With Intermittent Claudication
Authors: Shahin Yousef , Hatfield Josie , Chetter Ian 
Published: April 2012

Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and the calculated 10-year Framingham risk score (FRS) in patients newly diagnosed with intermittent claudication. Methods: Serum CRP levels were measured in 90 patients newly diagnosed with intermittent claudication over a 12-month period. In all, 76 patients (53 males [70%], mean age 63.3 ± 9.3) were included in the analysis. Results: Log-transformed CRP levels significantly correlated with total FRS ( r = .34, P = .002). Participants were divided into 4 groups according to log-CRP levels. Analysis of variance showed a statistically significant difference between the 4 groups in terms of mean FRS, P = .003. Post hoc comparisons indicated that group 1 was significantly different from group 4, P = .002. Analysis of covariance showed a significant difference between the 4 groups of log-CRP levels in terms of mean FRS, P = .008. Conclusion: There is an increased 10-year risk of coronary heart disease associated with increased plasma concentration of CRP in patients newly diagnosed with intermittent claudication.
Risperidone-associated prolactin elevation and markers of bone turnover during acute treatment
Authors: Bishop Jeffrey R. , Rubin Leah H. , Reilly James L. , Pavuluri Mani N. , Sweeney John A. 
Published: April 2012

Objective Prolactin elevation has been proposed as a risk factor for low bone density and potentially osteoporosis in patients on long-term treatment with prolactin-elevating antipsychotics. Our objective was to study the acute effects of prolactin elevation on serum markers of bone formation and resorption in patients treated with risperidone. Methods Thirty participants meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fourth edition criteria for schizophrenia, major depressive disorder with psychotic features, or bipolar disorder with psychosis were enrolled. At baseline, subjects were antipsychotic free. Subjects were evaluated before and after 4 weeks of risperidone treatment. Assessments included symptom ratings along with testosterone, estradiol, prolactin, osteocalcin (marker of bone formation), and n-telopeptide crosslinks (NTx marker of bone resorption). Primary analysis examined the impact of risperidone treatment on change in the bone markers and hormone levels from pre to post treatment. Results Prolactin levels significantly increased from 12.1 ± 1.9 ng/ml to 65.7 ± 12.2 ng/ml after treatment ( p < 0.001). NTx markers of bone resorption significantly decreased from 18.31 ± 1.49 nM bone collagen equivalent (BCE) before treatment to 15.50 ± 1.22 nM BCE after treatment in the study sample as a whole ( p < 0.05). A trend was observed indicating that NTx may increase in individuals who have the greatest increases in prolactin after treatment r = 0.33, p = 0.07). Conclusions These findings suggest that prolactin elevation is associated with changes in bone physiology very early in the course of treatment with risperidone. Bone resorption decreased in many subjects but higher levels of bone resorption occurred in patients with the greatest increases in prolactin. This may have important implications for prolactin monitoring or the periodic assessment of osteoporosis-related outcomes in patients requiring extended treatment.
What do spring migrants reveal about sex and host selection in the melon aphid?
Authors: Thomas Sophie , Boissot Nathalie , Vanlerberghe-Masutti Flavie 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundHost plants exert considerable selective pressure on aphids because the plants constitute their feeding, mating and oviposition sites. Therefore, host specialisation in aphids evolves through selection of the behavioural and chemical mechanisms of host-plant location and recognition, and through metabolic adaptation to the phloem content of the host plant. How these adaptive traits evolve in an aphid species depends on the complexity of the annual life cycle of that species. The purpose of this field study was to determine how winged spring-migrant populations contribute to the evolution and maintenance of host specialisation inAphis gossypiithrough host-plant choice and acceptance. We also assessed whether host-specialised genotypes corresponded exclusively to anholocyclic lineages regardless of the environmental conditions.ResultsThe spring populations of cotton-melon aphids visiting newly planted melon crops exhibited an unexpectedly high level of genetic diversity that contrasted with the very low diversity characterising the host-specialised populations of this aphid species. This study illustratedin naturahost-plant-selection pressure by showing the great differences in genetic diversity between the spring-migrant populations (alate aphids) and the melon-infesting populations (the apterous offspring of the alate aphids). Moreover, an analysis of the genetic composition of these alate and apterous populations in four geographic regions suggested differences in life-history strategies, such as host choice and reproductive mode, and questioned the common assertion thatA. gossypiiis an anholocyclic species throughout its distribution area, including Europe.ConclusionsOur results clearly demonstrate that the melon plant acts as a selective filter against the reproduction of non-specialised individuals. We showed that olfactory cues are unlikely to be decisivein naturafor host recognition by spring-migrant aphid populations that are not specialised on Cucurbitaceae. The agroecosystem structure and history of the four studied regions may have partially shaped the genetic structure of the spring-migrant populations ofA. gossypii. Cucurbitaceae-specialised genotypes corresponded exclusively to anholocyclic lineages, regardless of the environmental conditions. However, some genotypes that were genetically close to the host-specialised genotypes and some genotypes that probably originated from wild plants had never been previously sampled; both were holocylic.
tkt1, located on a novel pathogenicity island, is prevalent in avian and human extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Li Ganwu , Kariyawasam Subhashinie , Tivendale Kelly A , Wannemuehler Yvonne , Ewers Christa , Wieler Lothar H , Logue Catherine M , Nolan Lisa K 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Background
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli are important pathogens of human and animal hosts. Some human and avian extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli are indistinguishable on the basis of diseases caused, multilocus sequence and phylogenetic typing, carriage of large virulence plasmids and traits known to be associated with extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli virulence.

Results
The gene tkt1 identified by a previous signature-tagged transposon mutagenesis study, was found on a 16-kb genomic island of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) O1, the first pathogenic Escherichia coli strain whose genome has been completely sequenced. tkt1 was present in 39.6% (38/96) of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains, while only 6.25% (3/48) of E. coli from the feces of apparently healthy chickens was positive. Further, tkt1 was predominantly present in extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli belonging to the B2 phylogenetic group, as compared to extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli of other phylogenetic groups. The tkt1-containing genomic island is inserted between the metE and ysgA genes of the E. coli K12 genome. Among different extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli of the B2 phylogenetic group, 61.7% of pathogenic Escherichia coli, 80.6% of human uropathogenic E.coli and 94.1% of human neonatal meningitis-causing E. coli, respectively, harbor a complete copy of this island; whereas, only a few avian fecal E. coli strains contained the complete island. Functional analysis showed that Tkt1 confers very little transketolase activity but is involved in peptide nitrogen metabolism.

Conclusion
These results suggest tkt1 and its corresponding genomic island are frequently associated with avian and human ExPEC and are involved in bipeptide metabolism.
Mutations in the potassium channel subunit KCNE1 are associated with early-onset familial atrial fibrillation
Authors: Olesen Morten S , Bentzen Bo H , Nielsen Jonas B , Steffensen Annette B , David Jens-Peter , Jabbari Javad , Jensen Henrik K , Haunsø Stig , Svendsen Jesper H , Schmitt Nicole 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia. The potassium current IKsis essential for cardiac repolarization. Gain-of-function mutations in KV7.1, the pore-forming α-subunit of the IKschannel, have been associated with AF. We hypothesized that early-onset lone AF is associated with mutations in the IKschannel regulatory subunit KCNE1.MethodsIn 209 unrelated early-onset lone AF patients (< 40 years) the entire coding sequence ofKCNE1was bidirectionally sequenced. We analyzed the identified KCNE1 mutants electrophysiologically in heterologous expression systems.ResultsTwo non-synonymous mutations G25V and G60D were found inKCNE1that were not present in the control group (n = 432 alleles) and that have not previously been reported in any publicly available databases or in the exom variant server holding exom data from more than 10.000 alleles. Proband 1 (female, age 45, G25V) had onset of paroxysmal AF at the age of 39 years. Proband 2 (G60D) was diagnosed with lone AF at the age of 33 years. The patient has inherited the mutation from his mother, who also has AF. Both probands had no mutations in genes previously associated with AF. In heterologous expression systems, both mutants showed significant gain-of-function for IKsboth with respect to steady-state current levels, kinetic parameters, and heart rate-dependent modulation.ConclusionsMutations in KV7.1 leading to gain-of-function of IKscurrent have previously been described in lone AF, yet this is the first time a mutation in the beta-subunitKCNE1is associated with the disease. This finding further supports the hypothesis that increased potassium current enhances AF susceptibility.
Extending the sufficient component cause model to describe the Stable Unit Treatment Value Assumption (SUTVA)
Authors: Schwartz Sharon , Gatto Nicolle M , Campbell Ulka B 
Published: April 2012

AbstractCausal inference requires an understanding of the conditions under which association equals causation. The exchangeability or no confounding assumption is well known and well understood as central to this task. More recently the epidemiologic literature has described additional assumptions related to the stability of causal effects. In this paper we extend the Sufficient Component Cause Model to represent one expression of this stability assumption--the Stable Unit Treatment Value Assumption. Approaching SUTVA from an SCC model helps clarify what SUTVA is and reinforces the connections between interaction and SUTVA.
Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of lung in adults: 2 rare cases report and review of the literature
Authors: Feng Anning , Cai Hourong , Sun Qi , Zhang Yifen , Chen Lulu , Meng Fanqing 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM), also named congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM), is a congenital abnormality of lung which is uncommon in adults. Here we present 2 adult cases of CCAM with unusual clinical and pathologic findings. One case was complicated with aspergillosis which was seldom reported. The other case was suffered bilateral lesions and the patient's mother had been previously radiographically discovered bilateral cystic lesions that CCAM could not be ruled out. A review of currently published related literatures has also been provided.

Virtual slides

The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/6406766736634578.
Hippocampal function is not required for the precision of remote place memory
Authors: Kitamura Takashi , Okubo-Suzuki Reiko , Takashima Noriko , Murayama Akiko , Hino Toshiaki , Nishizono Hirofumi , Kida Satoshi , Inokuchi Kaoru 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundDuring permanent memory formation, recall of acquired place memories initially depends on the hippocampus and eventually become hippocampus-independent with time. It has been suggested that the quality of original place memories also transforms from a precise form to a less precise form with similar time course. The question arises of whether the quality of original place memories is determined by brain regions on which the memory depends.ResultsTo directly test this idea, we introduced a new procedure: a non-associative place recognition memory test in mice. Combined with genetic and pharmacological approaches, our analyses revealed that place memory is precisely maintained for 28 days, although the recall of place memory shifts from hippocampus-dependent to hippocampus-independent with time. Moreover, the inactivation of the hippocampal function does not inhibit the precision of remote place memory.ConclusionThese results indicate that the quality of place memories is not determined by brain regions on which the memory depends.
Strategies for modulating the inflammatory response after decompression from abdominal compartment syndrome
Authors: Shah Shinil K , Jimenez Fernando , Letourneau Phillip A , Walker Peter A , Moore-Olufemi Stacey D , Stewart Randolph H , Laine Glen A , Cox Charles S 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundManagement of the open abdomen is an increasingly common part of surgical practice. The purpose of this review is to examine the scientific background for the use of temporary abdominal closure (TAC) in the open abdomen as a way to modulate the local and systemic inflammatory response, with an emphasis on decompression after abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS).MethodsA review of the relevant English language literature was conducted. Priority was placed on articles published within the last 5 years.Results/ConclusionRecent data from our group and others have begun to lay the foundation for the concept of TAC as a method to modulate the local and/or systemic inflammatory response in patients with an open abdomen resulting from ACS.
Differential gene expression in gall midge susceptible rice genotypes revealed by suppressive subtraction hybridization (SSH) cDNA libraries and microarray analysis
Authors: Rawat Nidhi , Neeraja Chiruvuri Naga , Nair Suresh , Bentur Jagadish S 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Background
A major pest of rice, the Asian rice gall midge (Orseolia oryzae Wood-Mason), causes significant yield losses in the rice growing regions throughout Asia. Feeding by the larvae induces susceptible plants to produce nutritive tissue to support growth and development. In order to identify molecular signatures during compatible interactions, genome wide transcriptional profiling was performed using SSH library and microarray technology.

Results
Results revealed up-regulation of genes related to primary metabolism, nutrient relocation, cell organization and DNA synthesis. Concomitantly, defense, secondary metabolism and signaling genes were suppressed. Further, real-time PCR validation of a selected set of 20 genes, in three susceptible rice varieties (TN1, Kavya and Suraksha) during the interaction with the respective virulent gall midge biotypes, also revealed variation in gene expression in Kavya as compared to TN1 and Suraksha.

Conclusions
These studies showed that virulent insects induced the plants to step up metabolism and transport nutrients to their feeding site and suppressed defense responses. But Kavya rice mounted an elevated defense response during early hours of virulent gall midge infestation, which was over-powered later, resulting in host plant susceptibility.
Bacterial microcosms obey Taylor's law: effects of abiotic and biotic stress and genetics on mean and variance of population density
Authors: Kaltz Oliver , Escobar-Páramo Patricia , Hochberg Michael E , Cohen Joel E 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Introduction
According to the empirical regularity called Taylor's law, the variance of population density in samples of populations is a power of the mean population density. The exponent is often between 1 and 2. Our experiments investigated how genetics, evolution, and environment shape Taylor's law.

Methods
Genetically different strains (wild type and hypermutator) of the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens evolved and were assayed under different environmental conditions (with and without antibiotic rifampicin and bacteriophage SBW25φ2, separately and in combination).

Results
Experimental treatments altered the exponent b, but not the power law form, of the relation between variance and mean population density. Bacterial populations treated only with rifampicin had a narrow range of mean population densities and exponent b = 5.43. Populations exposed to rifampicin plus phage had b = 1.51. In ancestral, control, and phage-exposed populations, mean abundance varied widely and b was not significantly different from 2. Evolutionary factors (mutation rate, selection) and ecological factors (abiotic, biotic) jointly influenced b.

Conclusions
Taylor's power law relationship accurately and robustly described variance as a function of mean population density, with overall exponent b = 1.89. These and other experiments with different factors acting on bacterial population size support the relevance of models that predict 'universal' patterns of fluctuation scaling.
Effects of palmitoylethanolamide on intestinal injury and inflammation caused by ischemia-reperfusion in mice
Authors: Di Paola Rosanna , Impellizzeri Daniela , Torre Agata , Mazzon Emanuela , Cappellani Alessandro , Faggio Caterina , Esposito Emanuela , Trischitta Francesca , Cuzzocrea Salvatore 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTOur primary aim in this study was to test the hypothesis that PEA, a member of the fatty acid ethanolamide family and an endogenous PPAR-α ligand, exerts anti-inflammatory effects on SAO shock, causing a severe form of circulatory shock and enhanced formation of ROS. SAO shock was induced by clamping the superior mesenteric artery and the celiac trunk, resulting in a total occlusion of these arteries for 30 min. After this period of occlusion, the clamps were removed. In this study, we demonstrated that the administration of PEA, 5 min before reperfusion, significantly reduced all of the parameters involved during inflammation, such as proinflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-1β), adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, P-selectin) expression, NF-κB expression, and apoptosis (Bax, Bcl-2, TUNEL assay) activation. In addition, to study whether the protective action of PEA on SAO shock is also related to the activation of PPAR-α, we have investigated the effect of PEA in PPAR-α KO mice subjected to SAO shock. Our study clearly demonstrates that PEA significantly attenuated the degree of intestinal injury and inflammation caused by I/R injury. Moreover, the positive effects of PEA were at least in part dependent on the PPAR-α pathway. The results clearly indicate that PEA exerts an anti-inflammatory effect, also in a SAO shock model, which could imply a future use of PEA in the treatment of I/R shock.
Seismic velocity and attenuation structures of the Queen Charlotte Basin from full-waveform tomography of seismic reflection data
Authors: Takam Takougang E. M. , Calvert A. J. 
Published: April 2012

We applied viscoacoustic waveform tomography to four seismic reflection lines from the central and northern part of the Queen Charlotte sedimentary basin and, using frequencies of 7–12 Hz, we estimated the compressional velocity and attenuation above a depth of approximately 1.2 km. We refined our previously published inversion strategy by alternating between phase-only and amplitude-plus-phase velocity inversion for the first two pairs of frequencies used, and added a second step, in which we inverted for attenuation from the lowest frequency using the final recovered velocity model and an initial homogeneous [Formula: see text]-model. Our recovered velocity and attenuation models demonstrated an overall good correlation with the available sonic and gamma-ray logs. Modeled seismic data matches the field data well and 1D velocity and attenuation profiles extracted at line intersections show a good correlation, thus demonstrating the robust nature of the results. Recovered velocities aid in interpreting shallow structures not readily identifiable on the conventional migration such as Quaternary strata and Pliocene faulting. Recovered attenuation values in the sedimentary rocks are generally consistent with saturated sandstones and consistent with the geology interpreted from well logs. Localized regions of elevated attenuation and associated low velocities correlate with siltstones and shales, the presence of hydrocarbons, or inferred increases in porosity due to fracturing. Seafloor pockmarks, where venting of gas occurs, are underlain by low velocities and an anomalous attenuation variation, and pipe-like gas chimneys are interpreted in two other areas of Hecate Strait. Igneous basement is associated with high velocity and high attenuation in its uppermost part, suggesting the presence of volcanic rocks, but the elevated attenuation may also be due to scattering and elastic mode conversions not included in the viscoacoustic inversion.
Association of Malodorous Urine With Urinary Tract Infection in Children Aged 1 to 36 Months
Authors: Gauthier Marie , Gouin Serge , Phan Véronique , Gravel Jocelyn 
Published: April 2012

OBJECTIVE:
To determine whether parental reporting of malodorous urine is associated with urinary tract infection (UTI) in children.

METHODS:
We conducted a prospective consecutive cohort study in the emergency department of a pediatric hospital from July 31, 2009 to April 30, 2011. All children aged between 1 and 36 months for whom a urine culture was prescribed for suspected UTI (ie, unexplained fever, irritability, or vomiting) were assessed for eligibility. A standardized questionnaire was administered to the parents by a research assistant. The primary outcome measure was a UTI.

RESULTS:
Three hundred ninety-six children were initially enrolled, but 65 were excluded a posteriori either because a urine culture, although prescribed, was not done (11), was collected by bag (39), and/or showed gross contamination (25). Therefore, 331 children were included in the final analysis. Their median age was 12 months (range, 1–36). Criteria for UTI were fulfilled in 51 (15%). A malodorous urine was reported by parents in 57% of children with UTI and in 32% of children without UTI. On logistic regression, malodorous urine was associated with UTI (odds ratio 2.83, 95% confidence interval: 1.54–5.20). This association remained statistically significant when adjusted for gender and the presence of vesicoureteral reflux (odds ratio 2.73, 95% confidence interval: 1.46–5.08).

CONCLUSIONS:
Parental reporting of malodorous urine increases the probability of UTI among young children being evaluated for suspected UTI. However, this association is not strong enough to definitely rule in or out a diagnosis of UTI.