bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Family Composition and Marital Status in Families with a Young Child with Cognitive Delay
Authors: Hatton Chris , Emerson Eric , Graham Hilary , Blacher Jan , Llewellyn Gwynnyth 
Published: December 2009

Background  Few studies have investigated parental separation, partnering and re‐partnering among population‐based cohorts of children at risk of intellectual or developmental disabilities.Methods  Secondary analysis of data extracted from Waves 1–3 of the UK’s Millennium Cohort Study. Information on the residence status of parents at Waves 1, 2 and 3 was available for 10 848 families.Results  Children with early cognitive delay (ECD) were significantly less likely than other children to be living in households with both biological parents or in households where the mother was married at all time points, including at the time of the child’s birth and when children were aged 9 months, 3 years and 5 years. Although families with a child with ECD were more likely than families with a typically developing child to experience changes in both family composition and marital status over the first 5 years of the child’s life, the net effect of these changes in family composition and marital status from the time of the child’s birth to the time the child was 5 years old was similar for both groups of families. The increased levels of family change amongst families with a child with ECD were wholly accounted for by differences in family socio‐economic circumstances.Conclusions  More attention needs to be paid to describing and explaining the dynamics of family composition in the early years of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. ‘Stress reaction’ models attempting to account for rates of parental separation need to incorporate socio‐economic factors.
Majority and Minority Ethnic Family Carers of Adults with Intellectual Disabilities: Perceptions of Challenging Behaviour and Family Impact
Authors: Hatton Chris , Emerson Eric , Kirby Suzanne , Kotwal Homayra , Baines Susannah , Hutchinson Christine , Dobson Catherine , Marks Bob 
Published: December 2009

Background  A health service in an English city was concerned about its support to families with adults with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviour.Methods  Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with seven minority ethnic and seven majority ethnic family members to explore perceptions of challenging behaviour, support and the impact of the person on the family. These were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.Results  Four themes emerged: (i) A broad range of difficulties with the adult with intellectual disabilities. (ii) Varied relationships with local communities in acceptance and support. (iii) Varied but largely negative relationships with services. (iv) Varied relationships with the person with intellectual disabilities, from highly dependent relationships with negative consequences to more fulfilling relationships. Families from minority ethnic communities were more likely to report negative experiences.Conclusions  ‘Challenging behaviour’ services need to be considered within a much broader social and community context.
Development and Psychometric Properties of the Family Life Interview
Authors: Llewellyn Gwynnyth , Bundy Anita , Mayes Rachel , McConnell David , Emerson Eric , Brentnall Jennie 
Published: December 2009

Background  This study describes the development and trialling of the Family Life Interview (FLI), a clinical tool designed to examine sustainability of family routines.Materials and Methods  The FLI, a self‐report instrument completed by a parent within a semi‐structured practitioner – parent interview, was administered to 118 parents, with re‐test interviews being conducted with 39 parents. Rasch analysis was used to examine scale structure, evidence for construct validity and precision of measurement of the FLI items. Logistic regression was used to explore the contribution of the FLI to predicting out‐of‐home placement scores.Results  The FLI produced valid data on the sustainability of family routines. The FLI was found to be useful for predicting families at risk of seeking out‐of‐home placement driven by crisis.Conclusions  The FLI offers practitioners a psychometrically sound instrument designed to illuminate the particularity of each family’s circumstances, critical to developing interventions for increasing the sustainability of family routines.
‘A Very Fine Line’: Parents’ Experiences of Using Restraint with Their Adult Son/Daughter with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Elford Helen , Beail Nigel , Clarke Zara 
Published: December 2009

Background  Restraint is sometimes used on people with intellectual disabilities who display challenging behaviours, and may be justifiable as a last resort to prevent harm. A substantial proportion of such people are cared for within the family home. The aim of this paper is to explore parents’ experiences of using restraint with their son/daughter with intellectual disabilities.Materials and Methods  Seven participants took part in the study. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to analyse the interviews, due to its dual perspective of understanding of participants’ experiences and acknowledging the interpretative process of the research.Results  Restraint was described as a ‘very fine line’, drawn in an attempt to strike a balance between right and wrong, safety and danger, humanity and dehumanising, and helping and harming. Interactions regarding restraint with professionals also presented a fine line between being heard and being ignored, being supported and being isolated, and being informed and being kept in the dark.Conclusions  Decisions about restraint present many complex dilemmas. It is recommended that professionals can support parents pro‐actively by providing advice on challenging behaviour and sufficient support in the caring role. Where restraint is necessary support can be provided by recognising the complexity of such decisions, working in partnership with parents, promoting a culture of openness and honesty about restraint use in services, and providing training and advice about restraint.
Structural and Functional Aspects of Social Support for Mothers of Children with and without Cognitive Delays in Vietnam
Authors: Park So‐Youn , Glidden Laraine M. , Shin Jin Y. 
Published: December 2009

Background  This study reports development of a social support scale appropriate to the Vietnamese culture and the impact of social support on mothers of children with cognitive delays by using the developing scale.Method  Interview surveys were conducted with 225 mothers of children with and without cognitive delays in Vietnam. The structural and functional social supports were examined in relation to two aspects of stress, parental competence and role restriction. Demographic variables were incorporated in examining the relationships between social support and stress.Results  The social support scale had adequate reliability and structural and functional aspects comparable to those found in Western societies. Two domains in functional support, material and family‐directed support, alleviated stress when controlling for child disability status and sociodemographic variables.Conclusions  The results showed that informal and functional social support have some effect on maternal stress. However, when other variables were examined in combination, child disability was the strongest predictor of maternal stress.
Longitudinal pathways linking child maltreatment, emotion regulation, peer relations, and psychopathology
Authors: Kim Jungmeen , Cicchetti Dante 
Published: December 2009

Background:  The aim of this study was to investigate longitudinal relations among child maltreatment, emotion regulation, peer acceptance and rejection, and psychopathology.Methods:  Data were collected on 215 maltreated and 206 nonmaltreated children (ages 6–12 years) from low‐income families. Children were evaluated by camp counselors on emotion regulation and internalizing and externalizing symptomatology and were nominated by peers for peer acceptance and rejection.Results:  Structural equation modeling analyses revealed that experiencing neglect, physical and/or sexual abuse, multiple maltreatment subtypes, and earlier onset of maltreatment were related to emotion dysregulation. Lower emotion regulation (Time 1) was associated with higher externalizing symptomatology (Time 1) that contributed to later peer rejection (Time 2), which in turn was related to higher externalizing symptomatology (Time 2). Conversely, higher emotion regulation was predictive of higher peer acceptance over time, which was related to lower internalizing symptomatology controlling for initial levels of symptomatology.Conclusions:  The findings emphasize the important role of emotion regulation as a risk or a protective mechanism in the link between earlier child maltreatment and later psychopathology through its influences on peer relations.
Prosaposin in the secretome of marrow stroma‐derived neural progenitor cells protects neural cells from apoptotic death
Authors: Li Na , Sarojini Harshini , An Jin , Wang Eugenia 
Published: December 2009

J. Neurochem. (2010) 112, 1527–1538.AbstractFunctionally, adult stem cells not only participate in replication and differentiation to various cell lineages, but also may be involved in rescuing cells from apoptosis. Identifying functional factors secreted by stem cells, as well as their target cells, may advance our understanding of stem cells’ multifaceted physiologic functions. Here, we report that mouse bone marrow stromal cell‐derived neuroprogenitor cells (mMSC‐NPC) provide a protective function by secreting a key factor, prosaposin (PSAP), capable of rescuing mature neurons from apoptotic death. This factor is identified as the lead protein in the secretome of mMSC‐NPC cultures by tandem mass spectroscopic profiling, and further validated by western blotting and immunocytochemistry. The secretome of MSC‐NPC reduces toxin‐induced cell death in cultures of rat pheochromocytoma neuronal cells, human ReNcell CX neurons, and rat cortical primary neurons; removal of PSAP by immunodepletion annuls this protective effect. This neuronal protection against toxin treatment was validated further by the recombinant PSAP peptide. Interestingly, the secretome of neuronal culture does not possess such a self‐protective action. We suggest that upon injury, a subgroup of MSCs differentiates into neural/neuronal progenitor cells, and remains in this intermediate stem cell‐like stage, defending injured neighboring mature neurons from apoptosis by secreting PSAP.
Increased Dickkopf‐1 expression in transgenic mouse models of neurodegenerative disease
Authors: Rosi Maria Cristina , Luccarini Ilaria , Grossi Cristina , Fiorentini Anna , Spillantini Maria Grazia , Prisco Antonella , Scali Carla , Gianfriddo Marco , Caricasole Andrea , Terstappen Georg C. , Casamenti Fiorella 
Published: December 2009

J. Neurochem. (2010) 112, 1539–1551.AbstractTo investigate the role of the Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf‐1 (DKK‐1) in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, we analysed DKK‐1 expression and localization in transgenic mouse models expressing familial Alzheimer’s disease mutations and a frontotemporal dementia mutation. A significant increase of DKK‐1 expression was found in the diseased brain areas of all transgenic lines, where it co‐localized with hyperphosphorylated tau‐bearing neurons. In TgCRND8 mice, DKK‐1 immunoreactivity was detected in neurons surrounding amyloid deposits and within the choline acetyltransferase‐positive neurons of the basal forebrain. Active glycogen synthase kinase‐3 (GSK‐3) was found to co‐localize with DKK‐1 and phospho‐tau staining. Downstream to GSK‐3, a significant reduction in β‐catenin translocation to the nucleus, indicative of impaired Wnt signaling functions, was found as well. Cumulatively, our findings indicate that DKK‐1 expression is associated with events that lead to neuronal death in neurodegenerative diseases and support a role for DKK‐1 as a key mediator of neurodegeneration with therapeutic potential.
Function of platelets in apheresis platelet concentrates and in patient blood after transfusion as assessed by Impact‐R
Authors: Horvath Michaela , Eichelberger Beate , Koren Daniela , Böhm Alexandra , Ay Cihan , Jilma Bernd , Panzer Simon , Jilma‐Stohlawetz Petra 
Published: December 2009

BACKGROUND: Platelet (PLT) transfusion is a mainstream therapy for preventing or treating bleeding episodes in patients with thrombocytopenia. The efficacy is usually estimated from the corrected count increment of PLTs after transfusion, which does not assess PLT function. We therefore evaluated PLT function in blood samples of patients with thrombocytopenia before and after transfusion.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: PLT function was assessed in 24 chemotherapy‐treated patients and in the PLT concentrates (PCs) by the Impact‐R (DiaMed). This device evaluates PLT adhesion and aggregation recorded as surface coverage (%) and size of aggregates (AS µm2). P‐selectin expression was determined by flow cytometry.RESULTS: The PCs were stored for a median of 70 hours before transfusion. An analysis stratified by the median storage of PCs (<70 hr or >70 hr) showed no differences in the SC, the AS, and P‐selectin expression between these concentrates' groups. Transfusion resulted in an increase of adhering PLTs in the patients after transfusion. There were no differences in the AS and in P‐selectin expression before and after transfusion, but the AS increased after transfusion upon ex vivo exposure to adenosine 5′‐diphosphate. P‐selectin expression was significantly lower in the patient group receiving PCs stored for more than 70 hours.CONCLUSION: The current trial shows the feasibility of using the Impact‐R to assess the function of transfused PLTs in the patient's blood stream.
Piperacillin‐induced immune hemolysis: new cases and a concise review of the literature
Authors: Mayer Beate , Yürek Salih , Salama Abdulgabar 
Published: December 2009

BACKGROUND: In this study, the data of eight new patients in conjunction with previously reported cases with piperacillin‐induced immune hemolytic anemia (PIHA) are described.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Five patients with cystic fibrosis and three patients with other disorders developed massive hemolysis after administration of piperacillin. Serologic tests were carried out using standard techniques. Tests for drug‐dependent antibodies (ddab) were performed in the presence and absence of piperacillin and its ex vivo antigens (urine of patients treated with piperacillin).RESULTS: Hemolysis was acute and severe in all eight patients. The direct antiglobulin test was positive in all cases. Sera from four patients reacted with red blood cells (RBCs) in the presence of piperacillin as well as its ex vivo antigens. Sera from three patients showed positive reactivity with untreated RBCs in the presence of piperacillin, and the serum from the remaining patient was reactive only in the presence of piperacillin ex vivo antigens. Other patients with PIHA have been reported in the literature. Three of these patients also had cystic fibrosis.CONCLUSION: To date approximately 26 patients with PIHA have been described and at least eight of these patients had cystic fibrosis. It is unclear whether patients with cystic fibrosis might be susceptible in developing PIHA.
Immunoglobulin M red blood cell alloantibodies are frequently adsorbed by rabbit erythrocyte stroma
Authors: Yuan Shan , Fang Amy , Davis Rebecca , Siplon Christopher J. , Goldfinger Dennis 
Published: December 2009

BACKGROUND: Rabbit erythrocyte stroma (RESt, Immucor) adsorption is often used to remove cold autoantibodies from patient samples to facilitate detection of underlying alloantibodies. However, reports in the literature show that adsorption of clinically significant alloantibodies can occur. A 2006 study by Storry and colleagues suggested that immunoglobulin (Ig)M antibodies are adsorbed by RESt regardless of antigen specificity. In our study, we further investigated the adsorption of IgM red blood cell alloantibodies by RESt.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 12 sera containing monoclonal IgM antibodies of various specificities (anti‐ D, ‐C, ‐c, ‐E, ‐e, ‐K, ‐Jkb, and ‐S) and titers, which were all shown to exhibit only IgM reactivity after dithiothreitol treatment, and two sera with polyclonal IgG (anti‐Fya and ‐K) were all adsorbed by RESt. Titers of unadsorbed, once‐adsorbed, and twice‐adsorbed IgM and IgG antibodies were determined in parallel.RESULTS: Ten of the 12 monoclonal IgM samples showed significant (more than fourfold) reduction in titer after RESt adsorptions. Both of the polyclonal IgG samples tested showed insignificant (fourfold or less) reduction in titer.CONCLUSIONS: RESt is known to effectively remove IgM cold autoantibodies. Our results show that monoclonal IgM alloantibodies are also frequently adsorbed by RESt with significant reduction in titer. Adsorption is variable and some IgM alloantibodies are not adsorbed. Further studies may elucidate the effect of RESt adsorption on IgG alloantibodies. Caution is needed when RESt is employed to remove interferences by cold autoantibodies in pretransfusion testing, and the risk of missed IgM alloantibodies must be considered.
Preharvest hematopoietic progenitor cell counts predict CD34+ cell yields in granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor–mobilized peripheral blood stem cell harvest in healthy donors
Authors: Yang Shang‐Hsien , Wang Tso‐Fu , Tsai His‐Hsiu , Lin Teng‐Yi , Wen Shu‐Hui , Chen Shu‐Huey 
Published: December 2009

BACKGROUND: The hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) count measured by the Sysmex hematology analyzer can determine the timing for leukapheresis in autologous peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) harvest. We evaluated whether a HPC count could predict CD34+ cell yield in healthy, unrelated donors after granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor mobilization.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 117 healthy donors underwent 161 PBSC leukapheresis procedures in our institution. The HPCs and CD34+ cells were identified by an automated hematology analyzer and flow cytometry, respectively. Using Spearman's rank test, we evaluated the relationships between preharvest HPCs, CD34+ cell counts, and CD34+ cell yields in the apheresis product. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to identify the cutoff value of HPC for adequate mobilization and harvest yield.RESULTS: The HPC count had a moderate correlation with the preharvest CD34+ cell count (r = 0.502, p < 0.001), and an HPC count of more than 21.3 × 106/L could exclude poor mobilization (<20 × 106 CD34+ cells/L) with sensitivity and specificity of 89.2 and 83.3%. However, the relationship between HPC count and CD34+ cell yield was not marked (r = 0.321, p < 0.001). The area under the curve for HPCs was significantly smaller than the preharvest CD34+ cell count on the ROC curve for predicting adequate harvest yield (>10 × 106 CD34+ cells/L of processed blood volume, 0.678 vs. 0.850, p = 0.001).CONCLUSION: Although the preapheresis HPC count could predict mobilization in healthy donors before leukapheresis, it may not be a superior index for predicting CD34+ cell yield compared with the preharvest CD34+ cell count.
Removal by adsorbent beads of biological response modifiers released from platelets, accumulated during storage, and potentially associated with platelet transfusion reactions
Authors: Tanaka Shigenori , Hayashi Tomoya , Tani Yoshihiko , Hirayama Fumiya 
Published: December 2009

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have demonstrated that biological response modifiers (BRMs) released from platelets (PLTs) during storage may have a clinical significance in PLT transfusion reactions. Washing PLTs and partial substitution of plasma with artificial solutions reduce transfusion reactions, but the washing procedure is time‐consuming, and partial plasma substitution is not sufficient to completely eliminate transfusion reactions.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This study determined the levels of three BRMs: soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L); regulated upon activation, normal T‐cell expressed, and secreted (RANTES, CCL5); and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1). These BRMs were released from PLTs during storage up to Day 10. To selectively remove these BRMs, four types of cellulose beads were investigated. The levels of these three BRMs in plasma derived from PLT concentrates (PCs) stored for 10 days or in PCs stored for 5 days were determined after treatment with or without each adsorbent bead for 3 hours.RESULTS: These three BRMs accumulated in proportion to the storage duration. The 3‐hour treatment with cellulose beads possessing sulfate ester groups (A) or phosphate ester groups (B) effectively removed sCD40L and RANTES and partly removed TGF‐β1. In addition, although PLT activation was minimally induced, PLT counts decreased by approximately 13% to 30%, after these treatments.CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that Cellulose Beads A or B are effective in removing the three BRMs that accumulate during PLT storage. Additional in vitro assays and in vivo studies are required to evaluate whether this method is effective in reducing transfusion reactions.
Consensus recommendations of pediatric transfusion medicine objectives for clinical pathology residency training programs
Authors: Sanchez Rosa , Sloan Steven R. , Josephson Cassandra D. , Ambruso Daniel R. , Hillyer Christopher D. , O'Sullivan Patricia 
Published: December 2009

BACKGROUND: Pediatric transfusion medicine (PTM) is a subspecialty of transfusion medicine with no formal training program and few specialists. The Pediatric Transfusion Medicine Academic Awardees (PedsTMAA) group surveyed PTM content experts to identify relevant objectives for the first formal PTM curriculum.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Eight North American PTM experts were invited to participate in a two‐step consensus process. PTM‐related objectives compiled from a review of existing training documents were organized into a survey. Experts were asked to rate each objective for relevancy for a clinical pathology trainee. Content validity indexes (CVIs) and asymmetric confidence intervals (ACIs) of expert ratings and analysis of respondents' comments were used to identify relevant objectives.RESULTS: Six experts participated and reviewed 117 objectives. Based on content validity criteria (CVI ≥ 0.83 and lower‐limit 95% ACI ≥ 3), a total of 65 objectives were considered relevant. Twenty‐three objectives were rated “very relevant” by all the experts while some proposed objectives were determined to be not relevant, out of date, or inappropriate for a resident trainee level.CONCLUSIONS: The PedsTMAA group identified 65 objectives for a PTM curriculum. Twenty‐three represent a clear core set of objectives and should be considered for clinical pathology training. The next step is to consider the teaching strategies and evaluation methods that will be employed to best deliver this content addressing competency in medical knowledge.