bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obesità e Binge Eating Disorder: nutriamo il corpo o la mente?
Authors: Verrastro Marco , Tempia Valenta Silvia , Scudellari Paolo , De Ronchi Diana , Atti Anna Rita 
Published: June 2024

SommarioQuesto articolo esplora il legame tra il Binge Eating Disorder (BED) e diabete mellito di tipo 2 (DM2), focalizzandosi sull’obesità come ponte clinico. Il DM2, in costante crescita a livello globale e strettamente correlato all’obesità, evidenzia la rilevanza dei disturbi dell’alimentazione come il BED nella gestione terapeutica e negli esiti a lungo termine. Il BED mostra un’associazione significativa con l’obesità estrema ed è riscontrabile in circa il 30% delle persone che cercano interventi per la perdita di peso. Con una prevalenza dell’1,8% nelle donne e dello 0,7% negli uomini, il BED si manifesta con episodi di abbuffata e perdita di controllo sul cibo. Le ipotesi eziopatogenetiche del BED sottendono un legame con l’impulsività, la compulsione e la disfunzione dei meccanismi di ricompensa, con lesioni nei circuiti cortico-striatali simili a quelli nella dipendenza da sostanze psicoattive. Gli individui con obesità e BED mostrano alterazioni nelle regioni cerebrali coinvolte nel controllo degli impulsi, alterazioni capaci di influenzare la percezione del cibo come ricompensa. Le emozioni negative, in particolare rabbia e frustrazione, svolgono un ruolo chiave nel BED, con una maggiore sensibilità allo stress e una ridotta capacità di regolazione emotiva. I modelli psicodinamici del BED evidenziano strategie disadattive come la soppressione e la ruminazione, che influenzano la percezione delle emozioni e ostacolano la regolazione emotiva. Le teorie della “fuga dalla consapevolezza di sé” e della “regolazione emotiva” chiariscono come il BED possa fungere da meccanismo di coping per evitare percezioni negative su di sé o contenere emozioni indesiderate. In conclusione, considerare gli aspetti psicodinamici del BED è cruciale nella gestione clinica di pazienti obesi con DM2. La profonda comprensione di questi aspetti può orientare verso strategie terapeutiche più efficaci, affrontando la complessità della psicopatologia associata al BED e le implicazioni per la gestione a lungo termine dell’obesità e delle sue complicanze.
The Rule of Law: A Slogan in Search of a Concept
Authors: Loughlin Martin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRegularly invoked but rarely defined, ‘the rule of law’ has over the last few decades been converted from a legal term of art into one of the most ambiguous slogans of contemporary public policy. Political scientists claim it as a crucial test of a regime’s legitimacy. Economists maintain that it provides an essential foundation of a flourishing market economy. Philosophers suggest it captures the essence of the state as a moral association. Historians acknowledge that, even if they might distrust such an abstract notion, the imposition of effective inhibitions on power is an ‘unqualified human good’. And lawyers, of course, have treated it as the foundation of their discipline ever since the mid-thirteenth century when Bracton asserted that ‘there is no rex where will rules rather than lex’. Those who extend its usage beyond the confines of professional legal discourse commonly give it a positive valence. But the rule of law also has its detractors. These critics assert that it promotes purely formal, individualistic values at the expense of substantive justice, or that it is a smokescreen preventing us from seeing the impact of recent global developments that signal the rule of lawyers. Some anthropologists even denounce it as an imperial ideology that legitimates European conquest and the plunder of the rest of the world. But given the fact that almost every state in the world now claims to act in compliance with the rule of law, these critics seem to have done little to dent its appeal. Yet, the sheer range of views and perspectives that now exist about the meaning, purpose, and value of the rule of law considerably complicates any inquiry into its current standing. In this paper, I will try to bring some clarity to the issue by providing a sketch of the main varieties of ways in which the term is being invoked. The paper comprises five sections, which each address a specific aspect of the term’s usage: (1) its coinage in English law, (2) the adoption of a superficially similar terminology in the German concept of the Rechtsstaat, (3) the jurisprudential innovations that complicate its meaning, and finally its most recent invocation (4) first in development work and (5) secondly in constitutional rejuvenation.
Blocklength Allocation and Power Control in UAV-Assisted URLLC System via Multi-agent Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Li Xinmin , Zhang Xuhao , Li Jiahui , Luo Feiying , Huang Yi , Zhang Xiaoqiang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntegration of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC) systems can improve the real-time communication performance for various industrial internet of things (IIoT) applications. Designing an intelligent resource allocation system is one of the challenges posed by an energy-constrained UAV communication system. Therefore, we formulate a sum rate maximization problem, subject to the UAVs’ energy by optimizing the blocklength allocation and the power control jointly in the uplink UAV-assisted URLLC systems, in which the probabilistic channel model between UAV and users is adopted. The problem is difficult to solve due to the non-convex objective function and the energy constraints, and also challenging to make fast decision in the complex communication environment. Thus, we propose a deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based scheme to optimize the blocklength allocation and power control jointly. First, transform the original problem into the multi-agent reinforcement learning process, where each subcarrier is regarded as the agent that optimizes its individual blocklength allocation and power control. Then, each agent makes the intelligent decision to obtain the maximum reward value depending on the weighted segmented reward function, which is related to the UAV energy consumption and user rates to improve the rate performance. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the benchmark schemes and has the stable convergence in different settings, such as the learning rate, the error probability, the subcarrier spacing, and the number of users.
Deaf gain: visual communication for all young children
Authors: Gale Elaine , Martin Amber 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDeaf people use visual language and communication strategies naturally. Moreover, hearing people (both young children and adults) can also benefit from sign language and the visual strategies that deaf parents and teachers use with young children, an example of deaf gain. This paper will provide an overview of the concept of deaf gain, review previous research on deaf parents’ visual strategies for interacting with young deaf children, and suggest ways for professionals and hearing parents with young children to integrate these visual strategies. We will also discuss the research-based visual strategies used by deaf adults and teachers outlined in a tip sheet from the Deaf Leadership International Alliance (DLIA), with examples from two popular curricula used by early intervention: the SKI-HI Deaf Mentor Program and ASL at Home.
Herausforderungen in der Primärversorgung von Patientinnen und Patienten mit Long‑/Post-COVID
Authors: Gubernath J. , Mekkes S. , Sarganas G. , Scheidt-Nave C. , Dini L. 
Published: June 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Hausärztinnen und Hausärzte (HÄ) bilden die primäre Anlaufstelle für Patientinnen und Patienten mit unklaren Symptomen. Dies zeigt sich zurzeit am Beispiel der postakuten Infektionssyndrome von Long‑/Post-COVID (L/PC) mit einer Vielfalt systemischer, unspezifischer, langanhaltender Symptomkomplexe nach durchgemachter SARS-CoV-2-Infektion. Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet die L/PC-Versorgung aus der hausärztlichen Perspektive und beschreibt Erfahrungen, Herausforderungen und Informationsbedarfe.

Methoden
Im September 2022 wurde eine anonyme Befragung aller in Deutschland niedergelassenen HÄ durchgeführt. Die Datenerhebung erfolgte anhand eines selbstentwickelten Onlinefragebogens. Die Daten wurden mithilfe deskriptiver Analysen ausgewertet. Ergebnisse sind nach Geschlecht, Alter und Region gewichtet.

Ergebnisse
Die Befragung erreichte einen Rücklauf von 2,1 % aller HÄ in Deutschland. Insgesamt gaben 93 % (n = 819) der HÄ an, bereits Patienten und Patientinnen mit L/PC versorgt zu haben. Nach Aussage der HÄ waren häufig empfohlene bzw. verordnete Maßnahmen nichtmedikamentöse Therapien, Verlaufsbeobachtungen und Langzeitkrankschreibungen. Teilnehmende HÄ gaben an, sie seien auf Hürden bei der Diagnose, Behandlung, Weiterbehandlung und Koordinierung gestoßen. Die größten Informationsbedarfe zu L/PC wurden im Bereich der Therapie (inklusive Medikation), Pathophysiologie und Rehabilitation gesehen.

Diskussion
Die Primärversorgung von Patientinnen und Patienten mit L/PC steht vor Herausforderungen. Der Aufbau regionaler Netzwerke unter Einbeziehung von HÄ, Spezialambulanzen und Rehabilitationseinrichtungen und ein gezielter Informationsaustausch zwischen Forschung und Praxis könnten die Möglichkeiten zur Umsetzung einer bedarfsgerechten Versorgung von Patientinnen und Patienten mit L/PC verbessern.
Pollution assessment and index properties of Okpulor soils, Rivers State, Nigeria: geochemical characterization, geotechnical and geoenvironmental implications
Authors: Ahmed Nurudeen Onomhoale , Fagorite Victor Inumindun , Chikwado Aleke Godwin , Apata Dolapo Moses , Yunusa Luqman Jibril , Itiveh Emmanuel Samson , Biliaminu Zeenat Bisola 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study assessed soil pollution and index properties in Okpulor through geochemical, geotechnical, and geoenvironmental analyses. Twenty samples, comprising 14 surface and 6 shallow subsurface ones, underwent geochemical analysis for heavy metals (Fe, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Pb). Five geochemical indices, including the Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), Enrichment Factor (EF), Contamination Factor (CF), Metal Pollution Index (MPI), and Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI), were utilized. Simultaneously, six subsurface samples underwent geotechnical analysis for Natural Moisture, Grain Size, Specific Gravity, Bulk Density, and Atterberg Limits, following Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) and American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) guidelines. The Igeo highlighted significant heavy metal contamination in Okpulor soils, particularly Cd. EF values exceeding 1.5 underscored a strong anthropogenic influence, with CF indicating Cd's substantial contribution to overall contamination. PERI underscored the ecological risks associated with Cd contamination. Natural moisture content, ranging from 18.21% to 21.45%, indicated a notable presence of water in the soil during the dry season, potentially leading to increased leaching and migration of water-soluble contaminants. Bulk density values suggested moderate to lightly packed soils, impacting porosity and permeability, and influencing contaminant movement. Atterberg limits indicated low soil plasticity, impacting moisture retention and contaminant behaviour. Grain size analysis revealed poorly graded soils with a close sand-to-clay ratio, affecting water drainage. These geotechnical properties and heavy metal contamination reveal the intricate interplay between soil characteristics and contamination risks in the Okpulor area, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to safeguard the environment.
A Dynamic Theory of Prosecutorial Roles in Adversarial Trials
Authors: Garg Arushi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractProsecutors in adversarial systems are simultaneously expected to be impartial ministers of justice and partisan advocates. Leaving this tension unaddressed can result in poor-quality prosecutorial decision-making. This article develops a novel “dynamic” framework for prosecutors to navigate between and prioritize these competing considerations, which can be used to understand, evaluate, and improve prosecutorial performance. Under this framework, the prioritization should depend on which function the prosecutor is exercising at any given time. The article then deploys primary data collected in Delhi, through court observation and interviews with judges, lawyers, victims, and victim-support persons, to exemplify and justify the framework.
Advancing digital healthcare engineering for aging ships and offshore structures: an in-depth review and feasibility analysis
Authors: Sindi Abdulaziz , Kim Hyeong Jin , Yang Young Jun , Thomas Giles , Paik Jeom Kee 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAging ships and offshore structures face harsh environmental and operational conditions in remote areas, leading to age-related damages such as corrosion wastage, fatigue cracking, and mechanical denting. These deteriorations, if left unattended, can escalate into catastrophic failures, causing casualties, property damage, and marine pollution. Hence, ensuring the safety and integrity of aging ships and offshore structures is paramount and achievable through innovative healthcare schemes. One such paradigm, digital healthcare engineering (DHE), initially introduced by the final coauthor, aims at providing lifetime healthcare for engineered structures, infrastructure, and individuals (e.g., seafarers) by harnessing advancements in digitalization and communication technologies. The DHE framework comprises five interconnected modules: on-site health parameter monitoring, data transmission to analytics centers, data analytics, simulation and visualization via digital twins, artificial intelligence-driven diagnosis and remedial planning using machine and deep learning, and predictive health condition analysis for future maintenance. This article surveys recent technological advancements pertinent to each DHE module, with a focus on its application to aging ships and offshore structures. The primary objectives include identifying cost-effective and accurate techniques to establish a DHE system for lifetime healthcare of aging ships and offshore structures—a project currently in progress by the authors.
Autonomy and Habit
Authors: Englander Alex 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
An enduring puzzle for theorists of autonomy in the broadly Kantian tradition is how to theorize failures of practical reason. If norms of practical rationality are supposed to be constitutive of agency itself, how can failures to live up them nonetheless be understood as expressions of that agency? Hegelian diagnoses of these difficulties typically emphasize the dichotomies that structure Kantian theories of autonomy, between activity and passivity, reason and nature, norm and desire. They seek to flesh out an alternative that preserves a recognisably post-Kantian notion of autonomy whilst understanding freedom as something that essentially comes in degrees, insisting that self-determination always involves elements of other-determination, and stressing how free subjectivity is inseparable from socio-historically and institutionally bounded character-formation. This article contributes to articulating a Hegelian corrective to Kantian theories of autonomy by beginning to explain the role of habit in Hegel's conception of agency. Building on recent work on Hegel's metaphysics of expression, it shows how he allows us to see conative responses to the world as integral to character development and thus as expressive of free agency, rather than as interruptions to the proper functioning of practical reason. On Hegel's account, the expressive behaviour of mature, reflective agents is grounded in a pre-intentional, affective dimension of subjectivity and presupposes processes of habituation, which he locates at the level of the human ‘soul’. Habit, far from being ‘lifeless, contingent and particular’, is the means by which agents come to make objective contents their own. Understanding the role of habit in Hegel's system is integral to allowing an alternative conceptualization of autonomy to come into view, one on which rational agents express themselves through their affective and emotional responses, rather than merely being a contingent site of those responses.
Hegel and the Hatäta Zär'a Ya‛ǝqob: Africa in the Philosophy of History and the History of Philosophy
Authors: Egid Jonathan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This article explores an episode in the reception of Hegel's philosophy of history and historiography of philosophy with reference to the question of the possibility of non-Western philosophy, in particular African philosophy. Section I briefly outlines the contents of the Hatäta Zär'a Ya‛ǝqob and the controversy over its authorship, focusing in particular on the argument of the Ethiopianist and scholar of Semitic languages Carlo Conti Rossini that ‘rationalistic’ philosophy was impossible in Ethiopia. In section II I suggest that a major component of the intellectual background to this notion of the impossibility of philosophy in Africa can be traced to Hegel's philosophy of history. To substantiate this claim I begin by providing an account of the broader historiographical shift between 1780 and 1830, in which Africa and Asia came to be excluded from the history of philosophy, and I suggest that Hegel's philosophy of history was decisive in this process. I examine how Hegel's account of history as the realization and actualization of freedom goes together with the development of cultural production culminating in philosophy, and how both of these processes (if they are really separate processes at all), can be mapped onto particular historical-geographical populations and cultures. I suggest that, even though this was not Hegel's intention, by the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries this served as a cultural justification for political domination: those who are unfree are unfree because they are unthinking (unphilosophical), and those who are unthinking cannot be free. Finally in section III I connect this Hegelian conception to Conti Rossini's work, both his article on the Hatäta and as apologist for Italian imperialism. I conclude by reflecting on what this underexplored connection between Hegel and early twentieth-century theorists of culture might mean for attempts to construct global histories of philosophy.
Choosing innovation alliance governance structure: The roles of performance feedback and top management team characteristics
Authors: Su Taoyong , Chen Yongheng , Liu Wei , Ji Junzhe 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
While the importance of innovation alliance for high-technological firms is well-documented, existing literature provides little guidance on the role of performance feedback in an alliance governance structure choice. Drawing on performance feedback theory, this study sheds light on the association between performance deviating (either above or below) from firms’ social aspirations and the governance structure choice of innovation alliances. Using an unbalanced panel of Chinese biopharmaceutical firms spanning from 2007 to 2020, we find that firms experiencing negative performance feedback prefer a non-equity innovation alliance structure, whereas those with positive performance feedback are more likely to adopt an equity one. The strength of these relationships is contingent on top management team average tenure and educational-level diversity. Our findings both provide theoretical and practical insights into guiding how firms under different states of performance feedback select alliance governance structures.
Diverse behaviors of marine ice sheets in response to temporal variability of the atmospheric and basal conditions
Authors: Sergienko Olga , Wingham Duncan John 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The observed retreat of the grounding line of the present-day ice sheets and the simulated grounding-line retreat of ice sheets under changing climate conditions are often interpreted as indications of marine ice-sheet instability (MISI), driven by a positive feedback between the ice discharge and conditions at the grounding line. However, the arguments that support this feedback are valid only for steady-state conditions. Here, we assess how unconfined marine ice sheets may behave if atmospheric conditions and basal conditions evolve with time. We find that the behavior of grounding lines can exhibit a range from unstoppable advance and retreat to irregular oscillation irrespective of the stability of the corresponding steady-state configurations obtained with time-invariant conditions. Our results show that numerical simulations with a parameterization of the ice flux through the grounding line used in large-scale ice-sheet models produce markedly different results from simulations without the parameterization. Our analysis demonstrates that the grounding-line migration can be driven by the temporal variability in the atmospheric and basal conditions and not by MISI, which assumes unchanging conditions. Instead, the grounding-line advance or retreat is determined by interactions between ice flow, basal processes and environmental conditions throughout the length of a marine ice sheet in addition to the circumstances at its grounding line.
“Draw a Guerrilla!” Betrayal, Solitude, and Revolutionary Art
Authors: Scorer James 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article analyzes the sketches of Ernesto “Che” Guevara and fellow guerrillas made by the Argentine Ciro Bustos during his captivity in Bolivia in 1967. Many of the references to Bustos in biographies of Guevara and in writings about the latter’s failed Bolivian campaign depict Bustos, because of those sketches, as “the man who betrayed Che.” The tensions and discrepancies in those accounts suggest instead that Bustos’s sketches should be seen not merely as documents of betrayal but as artworks embedded in the period’s wider revolutionary visualities. The article argues that Bustos’s drawing of Che Guevara, who is usually depicted visually as “heroic guerrilla” or “saintly martyr,” introduces an affective, intimate gaze of armed struggle in all its complications.
Energy and nutrient intake by 11–13-year-old young adolescents attending private schools in Delhi, India
Authors: Ivaturi Anupama , Giles Lynne , Do Loc G. , Rawal Tina , Arora Monika , Moynihan Paula 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThere are no high-quality data on dietary behaviour of adolescents in India. This study aimed to assess the intake of energy (E), macronutrients and selected micronutrients in a sample of 11–13-year-old schoolchildren in Delhi, India. Participants from private schools (n=10) recorded dietary intake using a 3-d food diary. Information was entered into the dietary assessment tool, Intake24, to ascertain portion size and convert data into nutrient intake through integrated food tables. Of the 514 consenting participants, 393 (76·4 %) (169 girls, 224 boys) aged 11·4 (±1·8) years completed the study. The median (interquartile range (IQR) daily E intake was 2580 (2139·3–2989·8) kcal (10·8 (9·0 − 12·5) MJ) for girls and 2941·5 (2466·7–3599·3) kcal (12·3 (10·3–15·2) MJ) for boys. The median (IQR) daily nutrient intakes for girls and boys respectively were protein 64·6 (54·8–79·3) g, 74·4 (61·4; 89·4) g; carbohydrate 336·5 (285·3–393·6) g, 379·6 (317·8–461·8) g; and saturated fat 45·6 (34·8–58·3) g, 54·6 (41·9–69·5) g. There were no significant between-gender differences in percentage E from protein (10·2 (9·2–11·4)), or carbohydrate (52·4 (48·7–56·7)). Girls obtained less percentage E from saturated fat (16·1 (11·0–18·2) compared with boys 16·3 (14·2–19·1) (P < 0·05). E from saturated fat was above FAO recommendations in >74 % of participants. The estimated average requirement for iron was achieved by < 40 % of girls. In conclusion, strategies to optimise the dietary intake of adolescents in India should focus on preventing excess intakes of E and saturated fat and improving iron intake in girls.