bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LAX PANICLE2of Rice Encodes a Novel Nuclear Protein and Regulates the Formation of Axillary Meristems
Authors: Tabuchi Hiroaki , Zhang Yu , Hattori Susumu , Omae Minami , Shimizu-Sato Sae , Oikawa Tetsuo , Qian Qian , Nishimura Minoru , Kitano Hidemi , Xie He , Fang Xiaohua , Yoshida Hitoshi , Kyozuka Junko , Chen Fan , Sato Yutaka 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAerial architecture in higher plants is dependent on the activity of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and axillary meristems (AMs). The SAM produces a main shoot and leaf primordia, while AMs are generated at the axils of leaf primordia and give rise to branches and flowers. Therefore, the formation of AMs is a critical step in the construction of plant architecture. Here, we characterized the rice (Oryza sativa) lax panicle2 (lax2) mutant, which has altered AM formation. LAX2 regulates the branching of the aboveground parts of a rice plant throughout plant development, except for the primary branch in the panicle. The lax2 mutant is similar to lax panicle1 (lax1) in that it lacks an AM in most of the lateral branching of the panicle and has a reduced number of AMs at the vegetative stage. The lax1 lax2 double mutant synergistically enhances the reduced-branching phenotype, indicating the presence of multiple pathways for branching. LAX2 encodes a nuclear protein that contains a plant-specific conserved domain and physically interacts with LAX1. We propose that LAX2 is a novel factor that acts together with LAX1 in rice to regulate the process of AM formation.
Tetrapyrrole Synthesis of Photosynthetic Chromerids Is Likely Homologous to the Unusual Pathway of Apicomplexan Parasites
Authors: Kořený Luděk , Sobotka Roman , Janouškovec Jan , Keeling Patrick J. , Oborník Miroslav 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Most photosynthetic eukaryotes synthesize both heme and chlorophyll via a common tetrapyrrole biosynthetic pathway starting from glutamate. This pathway was derived mainly from cyanobacterial predecessor of the plastid and differs from the heme synthesis of the plastid-lacking eukaryotes. Here, we show that the coral-associated alveolate Chromera velia, the closest known photosynthetic relative to Apicomplexa, possesses a tetrapyrrole pathway that is homologous to the unusual pathway of apicomplexan parasites. We also demonstrate that, unlike other eukaryotic phototrophs, Chromera synthesizes chlorophyll from glycine and succinyl-CoA rather than glutamate. Our data shed light on the evolution of the heme biosynthesis in parasitic Apicomplexa and photosynthesis-related biochemical processes in their ancestors.
Electrochemical behavior and mechanism of CO2 corrosion on P110 steel in simulated oilfield solution
Authors: Yin Z.F. , Wang X.Z. , Gao R.M. , Zhang S.J. , Bai Z.Q. 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThis paper aims to further investigate the behavior and mechanism in simulated oilfield solution on CO2 corrosion of P110 steel at various temperatures by potentiodynamic sweep and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements, especially discussing the influence of the coverage fraction of corrosion film.Design/methodology/approachPotentiodynamic sweep and EIS measurements were applied to investigate the behavior and mechanism with the effect of temperature on CO2 corrosion of P110 steel in simulated oilfield solution at 30°C, 60°C and 90°C.FindingsThe corrosion parameters of polarization curves, such as corrosion potential (Ecorr), corrosion current density (icorr), anodic and cathodic branches slopes (βa and βc), were analyzed and discussed in detail. In addition, the equivalent circuit models and ZsimpWin software were utilized to fit and analyze the Nyquist plots. The plots showed that corrosion potential shifted more negatively as temperature increased. The corrosion current density (icorr) initially increased and then decreased with the increase of temperature. The impedance spectra measured at various temperatures had different time constants.Originality/valueThe paper highlights that the coverage fraction θ of corrosion film is one most important and key variable influencing CO2 corrosion mechanisms.
Effect of cyclic hydrostatic pressure on the sacrificial anode cathodic protection
Authors: Hu Shengnan , Zhang Tao , Shao Yawei , Meng Guozhe , Wanga Fuhui 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the effect of cyclic hydrostatic pressure on the protective performance of cathodic protection (CP) system consisting of Zn‐Bi sacrificial anode and Ni‐Cr‐Mo‐V steel.Design/methodology/approachThe anode and cathode polarization curves of the driving potential and current for CP were investigated in case of cyclic hydrostatic pressure (0‐3.5 MPa) and compared with that at atmospheric pressure. The morphologies of the anode material with and without corrosion products were observed by scanning electron microscopy.FindingsThe experimental results revealed that the cyclic hydrostatic pressure had significant influence on the CP system. The anode potential instantaneously responded to the cyclic hydrostatic pressure and the discharge performance decreased due to the deposition of corrosion product. Also, the CP system exhibited higher slope parameter under cyclic hydrostatic pressure, indicating that the CP system cannot provide adequate protection for Ni‐Cr‐Mo‐V steel.Originality/valueThe results presented in this paper clearly show the effect of cyclic hydrostatic pressure on the sacrificial anode CP system, and present a foundation for further research on the practical application of sacrificial anode under cyclic hydrostatic pressure environment.
A study of the galvanic corrosion of titanium/L 316 stainless steel in artificial seawater using electrochemical noise (EN) measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)
Authors: Moshrefi Reza , Ghassem Mahjani Mohammad , Ehsani Ali , Jafarian Majid 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the galvanic corrosion of titanium/L 316 stainless steel, by electrochemical noise (EN), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and anode/cathode area ratio effect on the galvanic behavior of the couple.Design/methodology/approachThe EN measurement was employed to examine effects of anode to cathode area ratio on the galvanic corrosion behavior between stainless steel L 316 and titanium in artificial seawater. Current noise and potential noise were monitored simultaneously using a three‐electrode configuration under open‐circuit condition. The noise resistance was evaluated as the ratio of the standard deviation of the potential to that of the current noise after removing the DC component. The time‐series noise patterns were transformed into frequency domain by fast Fourier transformation and then their power spectrum densities (PSDs) at specified frequency were determined and compared with the EIS and polarization results.FindingsThe EN, EIS and polarization results were in agreement. Galvanic corrosion density increase and galvanic potential moved slowly to negative direction with decrease in anode/cathode area ratio. The results showed that the slope of PSD of the current (i.e the “roll off”) was rising slowly where the anode/cathode area ratio was declined. The relationship between polarization resistance (Rp) and noise resistance (Rn) was investigated. Rt was determined by EIS for samples, and its value compared with Rp and Rn. The result indicates that galvanic corrosion has an inversely relation with anode/cathode area ratio that exposed to aggressive environment.Originality/valueThis paper presents the application of noise analysis to demonstrate galvanic corrosion and the effect of area ratio anode/cathode on current density and galvanic potential.
Inhibition of the corrosion of iron in acidic solution by the oligomeric surfactant N, N, N′, N″, N″‐pentamethyl diethyleneamine‐N, N″‐di‐[tetradecylammonium bromide]
Authors: Bensajjay Fatima , Alehyen Saliha , El Achouri Mohammed , Hajjaji Najat , Bellaouchou Abdelkbir , Perez Lourdes , Rosa Infante Maria 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this investigation is the evaluation of the inhibitive performance of a new “gemini” surfactant in the series of bis‐quat: N, N, N′, N″, N″‐pentamethyl diethyleneamine‐N, N″‐di‐[tetradecylammonium bromide] on the corrosion of iron in 1 M HCl by gravimetric, potentiodynamic and electrochemical impedance measurements. The effect of the temperature on the corrosion behavior of iron in 1 M HCl without and with inhibitor is studied in the temperature range (298‐333 K). This work also attempts to correlate thermodynamic and kinetic parameters with the inhibition effect.Design/methodology/approachThe inhibition efficiency of gemini synthesized is investigated by weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and impedance spectroscopy methods.FindingsThe synthesized gemini bis‐quat acted as a good inhibitor in 1 M HCl, and inhibition efficiency increased with inhibitor concentration and temperature. Polarization curves showed that the surfactant was a mixed‐type inhibitor in hydrochloric acid. Impedance spectroscopy measurements showed that the inhibitor acted through the formation of a multilayer film at the iron surface. The adsorption of inhibitor on the iron surface obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation. The inhibition effect was satisfactorily explained by both thermodynamic and kinetic parameters.Originality/valueThe adsorption of surfactants in the metal surface can markedly change the corrosion resisting property of the metal. So the study of the relation between the adsorption and corrosion inhibition is of a great importance. This was the first attempt to study the inhibition properties of gemini surfactants at the host laboratory.
Laser surface treatment to inhibit observed corrosion of reinforcing steel in sulphate: alkaline media
Authors: Premlall Kasturie , Herman Potgieter J. , Potgieter‐Vermaak S. 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe effect of chlorides on corrosion of reinforcing steel is well documented in the literature. However, few studies have focused attention on the effect of sulphates on the corrosion of low carbon steel in alkaline media. This paper aims to address this issue.Design/methodology/approachThis paper describes the results of the investigation into the corrosion behaviour of low carbon steel (typically used as reinforcing steel), exposed to alkaline media at a pH of 9 and 12 with varying concentrations of sulphate and chloride ions, as well as, in sulphate only solutions. An attempt was made to inhibit corrosion of steel exposed to the corrosive media using laser surface treatment of the steel specimens. Mass loss tests and electrochemical tests were conducted to evaluate the effect of sulphate only and the combined effect of sulphate and chloride ions in an alkaline media on steel.FindingsIt was found that sulphate ions could cause corrosion of steel in alkaline media. The severity of the attack increased with increasing sulphate ion concentrations, as well as with combinations of sulphate and chloride ions. The pH 12 conditions seem to show much more critical attack with evidence of pitting corrosion as compared to uniform corrosion for test conditions at a pH of 9. The attempt to inhibit the observed corrosion of steel exposed to the corrosive high alkaline media containing sulphate ions on their own and in combination of chloride ions by laser surface treatment proved to be successful.Originality/valueThe research undertaken here adds to the body of knowledge relating to the effect of sulphate ions on reinforcing steel corrosion in highly alkaline media. Most literature points out that sulphate ions on their own do not have a corrosive effect, but rather, a passivating effect!
Temperature monitoring in meat supply chains
Authors: Raab Verena , Petersen Brigitte , Kreyenschmidt Judith 
Published: October 2011

PurposeAn optimal temperature monitoring is a prerequisite for cold chain management and thus for the production and supply of high quality and safe products as well as for the reduction of waste and economic losses. The aim of this paper is to identify and compare already existing temperature monitoring solutions in operation and novel temperature monitoring solutions with a view to their use for optimal temperature monitoring in meat supply chains. A special focus is placed on the identification and specification of challenges by the implementation of temperature monitoring systems which allow an optimal control of the temperature conditions in meat supply chains, as required by the new European food law.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is a literature review of existing and novel temperature monitoring systems and challenges faced by the practical implementation of monitoring systems which allow continuous control of the temperature conditions in meat supply chains. First, the relevant literature relating to these aspects was examined and second, expert knowledge was applied with system developers of temperature monitoring and information management systems, participants in the meat supply chains and researchersFindingsIn the article different intra‐ as well as inter‐organisational challenges relating to the practical implementation of optimal temperature monitoring solutions have been identified and described.Originality/valueThe paper provides a holistic perspective of temperature monitoring solutions in meat supply chains. The challenges met when implementing temperature monitoring solutions have not been widely discussed in the literature. The proposed solutions to the specified challenges make an important contribution to developing guidelines for the implementation of optimal temperature monitoring systems in meat supply chains, resulting in improvements in food quality and safety.
The red‐headed stepchild of wine? Marketing muscadine wines in the Southern USA
Authors: Duarte Alonso Abel 
Published: October 2011

PurposeMuscadine (Vitis Rotundifolia Michx.) is a native vine that grows wild and that is also cultivated in the Southern USA. Today, many wineries located in this region produce and sell wines made of muscadine grapes. While much of contemporary research focuses on the many health properties of muscadine grapes, very little is known of muscadine wines from an entrepreneurial or operational perspective, including muscadine wines' marketing potential. This paper aims to investigate these areas, examining some of the challenges that Southern winery operators face in successfully marketing muscadine wines.Design/methodology/approachUsing telephone interviews (29), coupled with two face‐to‐face interviews, data were collected among 31 winery owners located in different Southern states.FindingsMore than one‐third of respondents (11) considered dealing with consumer snobbery as the main challenge their wineries faced. Operators of this group argued that there appears to be a stigma attached to muscadine wines, particularly among many consumers who consider muscadine wines as inferior to Vitis Vinifera wines. In addition, eight participants mentioned consumers' lack of knowledge of muscadine wines as their main challenge. The prevalence of these two main challenges clearly suggests the need for consumer education if any images of inferiority in muscadine wines are to be dispelled.Research limitations/implicationsThe number of this study's participants (33) is limited and may not allow for making generalisations about muscadine winery operators.Practical implicationsThe study explores a distinctive sector, namely, that of grapes and wines native to the Southern region. With growing interest in local products that, as in the case of muscadine grapes, also have a close association to healthy components (e.g. resveratrol, nutraceutical products), the study's findings may have important implications for the future marketing of muscadine wines and grapes.Originality/valueTo date muscadine wine entrepreneurship has received almost no attention from academic research, particularly as it relates to the areas of marketing, hospitality and tourism.
The wine drinking behaviour of young adults: an exploratory study in China
Authors: Li Jia‐Gui , Jia Jin‐Rong , Taylor Dennis , Bruwer Johan , Li Elton 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThis study aims to explore the nature of Chinese young adults' (CYAs) wine drinking behaviour. It also aims to examine CYAs' wine knowledge and establish whether there are positive relationships between wine knowledge and wine drinking behaviour variables.Design/methodology/approachInformation was obtained from a convenience sample of 414 university students in China using the self‐administration data collection method. The nature of CYAs' basic wine knowledge and wine drinking behaviour including wine drinking frequency, venue, and purpose of wine drinking were examined in the survey.FindingsThe majority of CYAs lack even the most basic wine knowledge. Generally, they drink wine infrequently. A large proportion of CYAs prefer red wine (92 per cent) to white wine (7 per cent). Most (60 per cent) CYAs like to drink wine at home, followed by hotels (21 per cent) and restaurants (15 per cent). About 60 per cent of CYAs drink wine for social communication while 27 per cent drink for body health reasons. A high 96 per cent of CYAs consider themselves likely to drink wine in the future. Significant differences exist between the genders in wine knowledge and likelihood of future wine drinking. Strong correlations were found between consumer wine knowledge and frequency and likelihood of future wine drinking.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper provides an overview of CYAs' wine drinking behaviour by a convenience sample investigation, which could not elude generalization and simplification. Considerable regional diversity in China compels differentiated regional studies in terms of wine purchasing, wine culture and wine marketing.Originality/valueThe paper contributes a baseline study on CYAs' wine knowledge and wine drinking behaviour. It also gives some managerial implications for wineries and wine marketers that will be helpful to wine companies in understanding the emerging Chinese wine market and in enacting wine marketing strategies more effectively.
Adoption of Web 2.0 in US academic libraries: a survey of ARL library websites
Authors: Mahmood Khalid , Richardson John V. 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThis paper aims to survey the web sites of the academic libraries of the Association of Research Libraries (USA) regarding the adoption of Web 2.0 technologies.Design/methodology/approachThe websites of 100 member academic libraries of the Association of Research Libraries (USA) were surveyed.FindingsAll libraries were found to be using various tools of Web 2.0. Blogs, microblogs, RSS, instant messaging, social networking sites, mashups, podcasts, and vodcasts were widely adopted, while wikis, photo sharing, presentation sharing, virtual worlds, customized webpage and vertical search engines were used less. Libraries were using these tools for sharing news, marketing their services, providing information literacy instruction, providing information about print and digital resources, and soliciting feedback of users.Originality/valueThe paper is useful for future planning of Web 2.0 use in academic libraries.
Web‐based online public access catalogues of IIT libraries in India: an evaluative study
Authors: Madhusudhan Margam , Aggarwal Shalini 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to examine the various features and components of web‐based online public access catalogues (OPACs) of IIT libraries in India with the help of a specially designed evaluation checklist.Design/methodology/approachThe various features of the web‐based OPACs in six IIT libraries (IIT Delhi, IIT Bombay, IIT Madras, IIT Kanpur, IIT Guwahati, and IIT Roorkee) are evaluated. The evaluation approach taken was similar to that of Luong and Liew with minor modifications, comprising 122 dichotomous questions with 174 features and categorized as 11 broad categories.FindingsThe study explored different features of web‐based OPACs, of which page layout received the highest average scores with 93.33 percent, followed by the general features category with 90 percent. In contrast, session filters was the weakest category with only 40.47 percent. The results indicated that some web‐based OPACs reached the maximum scores for some categories. The results also indicated that VTLS‐based and LibSys‐based OPACs had the higher score on average (74.7 percent) and the iitKlas‐based OPAC of IITK received the lowest score of 44.2 percent. None were rated excellent. Only 50 percent of the web‐based OPACs studied achieved an above average ranking, of which Indian Institute of Technology, Madras (IITM) had the highest total score (131), and the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur (IITK) had the lowest total score (77). Almost all of the web OPACs studied lacked federated search, adjunct thesaurus help and spell check facilities, which seems to raise many questions regarding the facilities provided in the OPAC 2.0 environment of today and hence needs to be addressed as a priority in the subsequent generations of the web‐based OPACs and their development.Practical implicationsIt is hoped that the libraries at the IITs will attend to the lacunae and soon develop fully functional web‐based OPACs with Web 2.0 and 3.0 technologies.Originality/valueThe findings of the study will not only guide study librarians and other newly established institutions but also ILMS vendors, so that they can overcome the limitations faced by users and improve their products as OPAC 2.0. This will also help the in‐house web‐based OPACs of IIT Kanpur and IIT Roorkee to compete with other reputed ILMS‐based OPACs.