bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nest-building Behaviour of the Asian Open Billed Stork Anastomus oscitans, in the Kulik Bird Sanctuary, Raiganj, India
Authors: Pramanik A.K. , Santra K.B. , Manna C.K. 
Published: January 2010

A field study of the nest-building behaviour in the breeding season of the Asian Open-Billed Stork, Anastomus oscitans, was conducted in the Kulik Bird Sanctuary, Raiganj, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, India. Observations were made throughout one complete breeding season (2007-2008) in the sanctuary. The open-billed stork comes in the last week of June at the Kulik bird sanctuary, stays there for 5 to 6 months and leaves the place in the month of December of every year. From the present observations it was noticed that about 58920 storks came to Kulik during 2008. Various types of behaviour were observed during this particular period. Coming to the Kulik, pairing of the individual storks start and mating display was observed within a day or two. Birds of a pair supplied the nest building materials to form the nest. To give a definite shape to the nest it took about 12-15 days before egg laying. The nesting territory consisted of a semicircle, some times circular and approximately with 30.21 ± 0.12 cm radius. The depth of the nest was about 6.9 ± 0.02 cm. The nest building materials consisted of fragments of old branches of trees, some soft green leaves and grasses. These branches helped in strengthening and the leaves and grasses helped in softening of the nest. During the incubation period both sexes were involved to incubate the eggs. Nest attendance of the breeding birds was continuous during the first 2-months period. From regular observation it was noticed that either of the pair took additional care by spreading their wings during the time of heavy sunshine or heavy rain. The main behavioral patterns examined were aerial displays, mating pattern, nest building, egg laying and incubation pattern, nest defense and nest protection. Diversity of nesting behavior in open-billed stork was pointed out and discussed.Key words: Asian Open-Billed Stork, Kulik Bird Sanctuary, Nest-building behaviorDOI: 10.3126/on.v7i1.2552Our Nature (2009) 7:39-47
Avifaunal Diversity of Gudavi Bird Sanctuary, Sorab, Shimoga, Karnataka
Authors: Dayananda G.Y. 
Published: January 2010

Two hundred and seventeen species of birds belonging to 48 families were recorded in the three year study at the Gudavi sanctuary, Sorab, Shimoga district, Karnataka. Most of the families were represented by less than thirteen species except for Muscicapidae (35 species). These include 160 residents, 46 resident migratory and 11 migratory birds. 54 species of water dependent birds were recorded from the wetlands of the sanctuary. Among the birds recorded in this study, about 45.62% are insectivores and other dominating types include piscivores (12.44%), omnivores (11.98%), frugivores (9.67%), grainivores (8.75%), carnivores (7.83%) and nectarivores (3.68%) respectively.Key words: Avifauna, Biodiversity, Gudavi Bird Sanctuary, SorabDOI: 10.3126/on.v7i1.2556Our Nature (2009) 7:100-109
In Vitro Regeneration of Phyllanthus amarus Schum. and Thonn.: An Important Medicinal Plant
Authors: Sen A. , Sharma M.M. , Grover D. , Batra A. 
Published: January 2010

An efficient in vitro plant regeneration protocol was developed for the medicinally potent plant species Phyllanthus amarus Schum. and Thonn. (Euphorbiaceae) using nodal segment as explant. Maximum multiplication of shoots (15.275±0.96) was achieved on Murashige and Skoog’s medium supplemented with BAP (0.5 mg/l) after 3-4 weeks of inoculation. The shoots were separated from cluster and subcultured for their elongation on the same medium. In vitro flowering was also observed on the elongated shoots after 3–4 weeks of sub culturing on the shoot elongation medium. In vitro rooting was obtained on half strength MS medium supplemented with IBA (0.5 mg/l). Regenerated plants were successfully hardened and acclimatized, 80 % of plantlets survived well under natural conditions after transplantation.Key words: In vitro regeneration, multiple shoots, nodal segments, Phyllanthus amarusDOI: 10.3126/on.v7i1.2557Our Nature (2009) 7:110-115
Serum Zinc and Copper in Iron Deficient Adolescents
Authors: Wajeunnesa M , Begum Noorzahan , Ferdousi Sultana , Akhter Selina , Quaraishi Shamshad Begum 
Published: January 2010

Background: Adolescents are vulnerable to iron deficiency. Deficiency of iron may be associated with deficiency of zinc and high copper level. Objectives: To observe serum zinc and copper status in iron deficient anemic adolescents. Methods: This observational study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, BSMMU, between January and December 2007. For this, total 60 adolescents of both sexes aged 11-18 years were selected. Of them,on the basis of hemoglobin and serum Ferrtin level 15 iron deficient male adolescents (Hb<13g/dl, SF<30ìg/L) and 15 iron deficient female adolescents (Hb<11.5g/dl, SF<22ìg/L)were included into study group as group B1 and B1 respectively. Age and sex matched apparently healthy 15 male and 15 female subjects without iron deficiency were taken as control (group A1, A2). Serum zinc and copper status were assessed by measuring serum zinc and copper levels by atomic absorption spectrophotometric method and | serum ferritin and serum iron levels by micro particle enzyme immunoassay method. Data were analyzed by un paired student t test. Results: In both male and female iron deficient adolescents, mean serum zinc level was significantly (p<0.01) lower and serum copper level was significantly higher (p<0.01) than those of their respective healthy control. No statistically significant differences of these values were observed between A1 vs A2 and B1 vs B2. In this study, hypozincemia and hypercupremia were observed in both male and female iron deficient adolescents Conclusion: Therefore, from this study concludes that deficiency of iron may be associated with hypozincemia and hypercupremia in anemic adolescents and the supplementation of zinc along with iron is suggested for the correction of iron deficiency anemia especially in adolescents when their metabolic demand is high. Key Words: Copper; Zinc; Adolescence DOI: 10.3329/jbsp.v4i2.4177 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2009 Dec;4(2): 77-80
Feasibility of Using Technology to Disseminate Evidence to Rural Nurses and Improve Patient Outcomes
Authors: Jerome-D'Emilia Bonnie , Merwin Elizabeth , Stern Steven 
Published: January 2010

Background:
Rural African American women receive less frequent mammography screening and die of breast cancer at a higher rate than is seen in the general population. To overcome this disparity, it is necessary to assist rural providers in their efforts to influence women to obtain screening.

Method:
This study examined the feasibility of using distance education to disseminate knowledge about timely and appropriate mammography screening to rural nurses, using patient outcome data to evaluate the effectiveness of this intervention.

Results:
Overall, there was a decline in referrals and mammography screening, but the intervention group centers showed a smaller decline after the educational intervention than did the control group.

Conclusion:
The findings show the effect of dissemination of information and the feasibility of using patient outcome data for educational evaluation. Neighboring academic health centers and nursing schools should include in their mission the provision of educational programs for relatively isolated rural nurses.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2010;41(1):25–32.
THE LEPIDOPTERA OF THE SETON LAKE REGION, BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: McDunnough J. 
Published: January 2010

Smerinthus cerisyi ophthalmicus Bdv. Four ♂, two ♀, June 24, 25, July 5, 13.Paonias myops occidentalis Clark. One ♂, June 2.Haemorrhagia diffinis rubens Hy. Edw. Three ♂, June 5, 6, July 7.Proserpinus clarkiae Bdv. One ♀, captured in the daytime at D'Arcy, Anderson Lake, on June 17.
REVISION OF THE GENUS ODONTAEUS, DEJ. (SCARABAEIDAE, COLEOPTERA)
Authors: Wallis J. B. 
Published: January 2010

“Geotrupes filicornis. Rufous; thorax tridentate; clypeus with an elongate horn.Inhabits Upper Missouri.Body pale brownish-rufous; clypeus, anterior and lateral margins punctured, entire; horn elongated, linear, slightly curved and compressed, longer than the greatest width of the head; thorax unequal; three tubercles, placed in a transverse series, the exterior ones compressed and longitudinal, intermediate transverse subemarginate; an indented line behind the middle tubercle, and a concavity each side; scutel triangular ; elytra with punctured striae. Length one fourth of an inch.
A NEW SPECIES OF CRICOTOPUS WITH A KEY TO THE GENUS, (DIPT. CHIRONOMIDAE).
Authors: Walley G. Stuart 
Published: January 2010

Female. Length 1.5 mm., thorax and abdomen dark brownish black, the latter without lighter bands. Legs fuscous brown, all tibiae with broad pale bands.Antenna. front and palpi dull blackish brown. Scutellum dull black, remainder of dorsum and metanotum dark brownish black, shining; pleura dark brownish. Coxae, femora, bases and apices of tibiae dark brown, each tibia with a broad fairly well defined dirty white band beginning at basal one fourth and extending to apical one third of tibia. A11 legs with subappressed fuscous hairs in length about equal to the diameter of the joint which bears them; leg hairs pale yellowish in region of the pale tibial bands. Anterior wing veins brownish; entire membrane infuscated. Halteres with base of stalk brownish, apex and knob pale lemon yellow.
SOME CORIXIDAE FROM NORTHERN STATES AND CANADA
Authors: Hungerford H. B. 
Published: January 2010

The following species are described as new:Arctocorixa compressoidea sp. n.Size: 5.4 mm. long.Color: Dark. Seven light bands of pronotum narrower than the dark ones and caudal ones deeply impressed; third and fourth bands often united on ends ; longitudinal median pale line on pronotum. Pale transverse bands of clavus oblique and entire on basal half ; apical ones slender, broken, crooked and few in number. Pale lines of corium also slender, broken, sometimes mere transverse dashes arranged in longitudinal series. Membrane smoky brown, pattern almost obliterated. Elytral suture, line between corium and membrane and embollium reddish yellow. Vertex in all my specimens more or less darkened. Limbs and venter pale.
REVISION OF THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF ARCHYTAS (TACHINIDAE, DIPTERA)
Authors: Curran C. Howard 
Published: January 2010

Black, thorax thinly pollinose; pleura black haired, squamae white. Length 12 to 13.5 mm.Male. Face and cheeks yellow; head white pollinose; hair black; occipital pile yellowish. Front as wide as either eye, the vitta rusty reddish. Palpi and basal two antennal segments reddish; third antennal segment black, convex above, shorter than second ; penultimate aristal segment elongate, the preceding segment only about one and a half times as long as wide.
NEW SPECIES OF SCATOPHAGIDAE (DIPTERA)
Authors: Curran C. H. 
Published: January 2010

Black; parafacials and cheeks yelllow; frontal vitta obscure reddish on lower half. Length, 5 to 5.5 mm.♂. ♀. Face and cheeks white, the occiput and parafrontals, greyish pollinose; frontal vitta with thin whitish pollen in some views. Palpi and antennae blackish. Thorax cinereous pollinose, with darker vittae from posterior view ; acrosticals in two rows; hair black; apical pair of scutellars as long as basal pair, cruciate. Legs black, thinly cinereous pollinose; tibiae sometimes brownish. Wings cinereous; veins brownish red: first vein setose on apical section. Abdomen thinly greyish pollinose. Outer genital forceps with two angular productions apically (fig. I). Female genitalia shining black.
FEEDING EXPERIMENTS ON POLISTES WASPS
Authors: Rau Phil. 
Published: January 2010

The behavior of Polistes pallipes is extremely interesting when they are fed on larvae of the same species from other nests.The wasps experimented with were made distinguishable from one another by little smears of paint on their bodies. Thereafter it was most convenient to make and keep Indian-like names for them based upon their distinguishing marks. The nests were fastened about the laboratory window frames, just above a porch roof.
A NEW SPECIES OF EUXOA AND SOME NOTES ON CHORIZAGROTIS (LEPIDOPTERA)
Authors: Cook William C. 
Published: January 2010

During the past four or five years, several puzzling specimens of a form of Euxoa closely related toplagigeraandoblongostigmahave been collected in various parts of Montana. Some examples were submitted to Dr. McDunnough in the writer of 1927-8, and he reported as follows:This form has always puzzled me; it occurs in Utah and I believe it to be a brown form ofplagigerabut some run very close tooblongostigmaand are very hard to separate without genitalic slides.
AN ECOLOGICALLY ANNOTED LIST OF THE PHALAENIDAE OF MONTANA (LFPID.)
Authors: Cook William C. 
Published: January 2010

E. ternaria (group). Two specimens so named were captured at Three Forks Aug. 19, 1925 and Sept. 4, 1926.1310 E. atropulverea Sm. One specimen in Smith collection taken at Butte, Aug. 28. 1900, by R. A. Cooley. One specimen from Bozeman, Aug. 27, 1929. 1310. I E. setonia McD. One specimen taken at Three Forks July 22, 1926 by C. B. Philip.
THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN BARK-BEETLES: THE SEASONAL HISTORY OF DENDROCTONUS RUFIPENNIS KY. IN NORTHERN ONTARIO
Authors: Watson E. B. 
Published: January 2010

This bark-beetle is locally distributed over the forested areas of Quebec and Ontario, extending westward into Manitoba; in the United States, it has been recorded from Wisconsin and Michigan.The insect has been found breeding in fallen white pine and jack pine, and, within recent years, has also been recorded from red pine.
REVISION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN AEGIALIINAE (COLEOPTERA)
Authors: Brown W. J. 
Published: January 2010

Length 3.6 - 4.3 mm.; width 1.8 - 2.2. mm. Body moderately convex. Brown or blackish, the legs and sometimes the venter paler ; shining.Front rather coarsely, closely punctate, clypeus granulate, the granules fine and moderately close.
A NEW SPECIES OF FORCIPOMYIA (DIPT.; CHIRONOMIDAE)
Authors: Walley G. Stuart 
Published: January 2010

Male.—Length 2 mm. Black, shining. Antennal plumes black; basal antennal segment dull black, segments of flagellum brownish.Thorax black, pleural membranes brownish, dorsum greyish pollinose; scutellum and metanotum dull black with faint pollen. Halteres dark brownish with creamy white knobs.
A SYNOPTIC REVISION OF THE GENERIC CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHELONETHID FAMILY CHELIFERIDAE SIMON. (ARACHNIDA)
Authors: Chamberlin Joseph Conrad 
Published: January 2010

Cheliferini tribus nov.Diagnosis. Male: coxal sac entire, lacking a sharply differentiated atrium; statumen convolutum of male genitalia (with a few doubtful and rare exceptions) anteriorly deeply invaginated or retracted and bearing medianally in the depression an anteriorly projecting sclerotic “rod” (see Chamberlin, 1931). Female: median pair cribriform plates separate and distinct.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF CIXIUS (HOMOPTERA, FULGORIDAE)
Authors: Walley G. Stuart 
Published: January 2010

Length, apex of head to tips of wings 5.75 mm.; width of wing at apex of clavus 1.75 mm.Vertex broad, transverse, resembling pini, median length distinctly less than half as great as width at middle of posterior margin; anterior margin very broadly arcuate, posterior margin scarcely less so. Frons almost twice as long at middle as is clypeus, slightly transversely elevated just before lower margin; greatest width equal to median length. Pronotum with posterior margin slightly obtusely angulate at middle. Mesonotum tricarinate, median carina well defined anteriorly but obsolescent at apex, lateral carinae entire, distinctly divergent posteriorly.
FOOD OF THE ROBBER FLY, MALLOPHORA ORCINA (WIED) (DIPTERA)
Authors: Fattig P. W. 
Published: January 2010

For several years I have been interested in the prey of the Robber Fly, Mallophora orcina (Weid). I have taken two hundred and eighteen specimens of this robber fly with its prey. The prey belonged to twenty-three species of insects.It will be noticed that not a single specimen was taken with the large yellow jacket (Vespa carolina), although this species is as common here as is the smaller yellow jacket (Vespa germanica). Ten specimens were taken with Liacos nobilitata, while not a single specimen was taken with Liacos bicincta, although it is as common here as is nobilitata.
A NEW SPECIES OF STAPHYLINUS (COL. STAPHYLINIDAE)
Authors: Cooper Kenneth W. 
Published: January 2010

The species here described somewhat superficially resembles Staphylinus cinnamopterus Grav., yet appears distinct and to be hitherto uncharacterized. In admiration of Professor J. H. McGregor of Columbia University, and in appreciation of kindnesses tendered me, I propose to name this new form:Staphylinus macgregori n. sp.Habitus nearly as in cinnamopterus but larger in size and rather more robust; piceous, the elytra fusco-ferrugineus, the legs fulvo-ferrugineus ; pubescence inclined, on the head, thorax, and elytra of a rusty hue and with few erect, brown setae, on abdomen fusco-piceous pubescence intermixing with fewer rusty-colored hairs and an abundance of dark setae; anterior tarsi broadly dilated in both sexes ; head slightly narrower than prothorax, widest at basal fourth thence gradually narrowing anteriorly, hind angles obtusely prominent, punctures round and ocellate throughout, close-set but clearly separated by shining interspaces, sparser anteriorly; mandibles longer and more slender than in cinnamopterus, the two inner teeth much less prominent and more poorly developed; antennae piceous to fuscopiceous, a third longer than head; prothorax but slightly wider than head, truncate at apex, rounded at base, punctures ocellate, more elongate at the sides than those of head and somewhat larger, smaller and more closely set than in cinnamopterus but separated by shining interspaces, the median line evident, polished, but very narrow throughout, in places ill-defined or obliterated; scutellum velvety black; elytra fusco-ferrugineus, longer than wide, very finely but strongly and densely punctate, clothed with a decurved rusty-colored pubescence similar to that of head and thorax but more dense; abdomen obscurely fulvous at tip, piceous, coriaceo-reticulate and very sparsely and finely punctate at sides, with median velvety fuliginous spots suffering intermixture of short cinereous hairs at the sides; under surface of abdomen clothed with sparse, long, depressed, fuscs-piceous pubescence, coriaceo-reticulate, punctures very fine and sparse, slightly less sparsely distributed at sides of segments, the male fifth ventral with a very broad circular and feeble sinuation medially, the male sixth ventral obscurely fulvous at tip and with a broad, rounded, median emargination about one half as deep as long, fifth ventral of female truncate, sixth female ventral rounded evenly and fulvous. Length ( ) 10.0-12.7 mm.; width 3.0-3.3 mm.
NEW SPECIES OF COLEOPTERA V
Authors: Brown W. J. 
Published: January 2010

Male. Length 13.9 mm. Body olivaceous green as in the subspecies harrisii Leng, elytra immaculate.Female. Length 14 mm. Color as in the male but with the middle band of each elytron represented by a very small, circular, submarginal spot; the apical lunule represented by a smaller spot.
Transient CD86 Expression on Hepatitis C Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells in Acute Infection Is Linked to Sufficient IL-2 Signaling
Authors: Radziewicz Henry , Ibegbu Chris C. , Hon Huiming , Bédard Nathalie , Bruneau Julie , Workowski Kimberly A. , Knechtle Stuart J. , Kirk Allan D. , Larsen Christian P. , Shoukry Naglaa H. , Grakoui Arash 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Costimulatory signals via B7/CD28 family molecules (signal 2) are critical for effective adaptive CD8+ T cell immune responses. In addition to costimulatory signals, B7/CD28 family coinhibitory receptor/ligands that modulate immune responses have been identified. In acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, programmed death receptor 1, an inhibitory receptor in the CD28 family, is highly expressed on virus-specific CD8+ T cells, yet vigorous immune responses often develop. We hypothesized that other costimulatory signals present during the acute phase of HCV infection would be important to counter this negative signaling. In this study, we found that CD86 was highly expressed on HCV-specific CD8+ T cells early in acute HCV infection and was lost on transition to chronic HCV infection; the expression of CD86 was different from other activation markers, because expression was delayed after in vitro TCR stimulation and required sufficient IL-2 signaling; and HCV-specific CD8+ T cells in the liver of patients with chronic HCV infection were highly activated (CD69, CD38, and HLA-DR expression), but only a minority expressed CD86 or showed evidence of recent IL-2 signaling (low basal phosphorylated STAT5), despite persistent viremia. Our study identified B7 ligand expression on HCV-specific CD8+ T cells as a distinct marker of effective T cell stimulation with IL-2 signaling in acute HCV infection. Expression of costimulatory molecules, such as CD86, early in HCV infection may be essential in overcoming inhibitory signals from the high level of programmed death receptor 1 expression also seen at this phase of infection.
Thick Liquids and Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients With Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias and Dysphagia
Authors: Makhnevich Alexander , Perrin Alexandra , Talukder Dristi , Liu Yan , Izard Stephanie , Chiuzan Codruta , D’Angelo Stefani , Affoo Rebecca , Rogus-Pulia Nicole , Sinvani Liron 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceOropharyngeal dysphagia is common in hospitalized patients with Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD). Although the use of thick liquids in patients with dysphagia has been shown to reduce aspiration on direct visualization, there is no clear evidence that this practice translates into improved clinical outcomes.ObjectivesTo determine whether a diet of thick liquids compared with thin liquids is associated with improved outcomes in hospitalized patients with ADRD and dysphagia.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study included adults aged 65 years and older with ADRD who were admitted to the medicine service across 11 diverse hospitals in New York between January 1, 2017, and September 20, 2022, with clinical suspicion of dysphagia during hospitalization and survival for at least 24 hours after hospital arrival. Patients were grouped according to whether at least 75% of their hospital diet consisted of a thick liquid diet or a thin liquid diet. Propensity score matching was used to balance covariates across the 2 groups for the following covariates: demographics (eg, age, sex), baseline clinical characteristics (eg, Charlson Comorbidity Index), and acute presentation (eg, respiratory diagnosis, illness severity, delirium).Main Outcomes and MeasuresHospital outcomes included mortality (primary outcome), respiratory complications (eg, pneumonia), intubation, and hospital length of stay (LOS).ResultsOf 8916 patients with ADRD and dysphagia included in the propensity score matched analysis, the mean (SD) age was 85.7 (8.0) years and 4829 were female (54.2%). A total of 4458 patients receiving a thick liquid diet were matched with 4458 patients receiving a thin liquid diet. There was no significant difference in hospital mortality between the thick liquids and thin liquids groups (hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.75-1.14]; P = .46). Compared with patients receiving thin liquids, patients receiving thick liquids were less likely to be intubated (odds ratio [OR], 0.66; 95% CI, 0.54-0.80), but they were more likely to have respiratory complications (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.56-1.91).Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study emphasizes the need for prospective studies that evaluate whether thick liquids are associated with improved clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with ADRD and dysphagia.