bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ROLES OF CANNABINOID TYPE 1 RECEPTORS IN THE MICE PREFRONTAL CORTEX FOR OBJECT LOCATION MEMORY
Authors: Tokutake *Tomohiro , Asano Takashi , Izuo Naotaka , Muramatsu Shin-Ichi , Nitta Atsumi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R) is stimulated by delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main component of cannabis. CB1R is a seven transmembrane Gi/o protein-coupled receptor. CB1Rs are mainly expressed in the brain1,2. CB1R regulates the release of some neurotransmitters from neurons such as GABAergic neurons3.Therefore CB1R is involved in the cognitive function such as memory4. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is the brain region related to cognitive function5. The PFC is reported to be important for spatial cognitive function5,6.

Aims and Objectives
The relationship between CB1Rs in the PFC and spatial cognitive function remains unclear. In this study, we attempted to investigate the role of CB1R in the PFC by using the object location memory test, which can measure spatial cognitive function.

Methods
In this study, we administered arachidonylcyclopropylamide (ACPA) (10 ng/mice), a CB1R agonist, into the PFC of C57BL/6J mice (9 weeks, male) with the guide cannula and performed object location test. In object location test, memory formation was divided into three phases; acquisition, consolidation, and retrieval. First, we administered ACPA in three points. Second, we administered ACPA in once at each phase.

Results
The three intra-PFC administration of ACPA impaired object location memory. Furthermore, the single intra- PFC administration of ACPA impaired the memory acquisition. However, the consolidation and retrieval were not impaired.

Discussion and Conclusion
In this study, it was indicated that CB1R in PFC is associated with the acquisition of object location memory. These results may be useful for the functional analysis of CB1R in the PFC.

References
1.Herkenham M, Lynn AB, Johnson MR, Melvin LS, de Costa BR, Rice KC (1991), Characterization and localization of cannabinoid receptors in rat brain: A quantitative in vitro autoradiographic study. J Neurosci. 11:563-583. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.11-02-00563.1991.
2.Grass M, Dragunow M, Faull RL (1997), Cannabinoid receptors in the human brain: a detailed anatomical and quantitative autoradiographic study in the fetal, neonatal and adult human brain. Neuroscience. 77:299-318. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(96)00428-9.
3.Demuth DG, Molleman A (2006), Cannabinoid signalling. Life Sci. 78:549-563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2005.05.055.
4.Prini P, Zambeletti E, Manenti C, Gabaglio M, Parolaro D, Rubino T (2020) Neurobiological mechanisms underlying cannabis-induced memory impairment. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 36:181-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.02.002.
5.Yan Z, Rein B (2020) Mechanisms of synaptic transmission dysregulation in the prefrontal. 27:445-465. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-021-01092-3.
6.Spellman T, Rigotti M, Ahmari SE, Fusi S, Gogos JA, Gordon JA (2015), Hippocampal-prefrontal input supports spatial encoding in working memory. Nature. 522:309-314. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14445.
Mathematical modeling and analysis of emission and mitigation of methane from the integrated rice–livestock farming system
Authors: Verma Maitri , Kumar Verma Alok 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Controlling the elevated levels of methane ($\textrm{CH}_{4}$) in the atmosphere is crucial to tackling the problem of climate change. Both rice paddies and livestock farming are substantial contributors to this elevated methane. The integrated rice–livestock farming system is an agricultural practice designed to optimize the use of agricultural waste, while concurrently boosting rice and livestock productivity. Achieving the dual objectives of food security and mitigating climate change demands formulation and implementation of strategies that are aimed at managing the methane emissions from the rice–livestock farming system. This study introduces a nonlinear mathematical model of the emission and mitigation of methane in the integrated rice–livestock farming system. Through qualitative analysis, the model’s dynamic behavior is thoroughly explored, identifying conditions for reduction and stabilization of atmospheric methane concentrations. Model parameters are estimated using secondary data on atmospheric methane concentration, rice yield and livestock population. A sensitivity analysis is presented to evaluate the influence of variations in crucial parameters on the system’s behavior. Numerical simulations are conducted to confirm the validity of the theoretical results.
Antimicrobial activity of peptoids against Metallo-β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and other WHO priority pathogens, including Candida auris
Authors: Mishra Shyam Kumar , Yasir Muhammad , Kuppusamy Rajesh , Wong Edgar H H , Hui Alex , Sørensen Kristian , Lin Jennifer S , Jenssen Håvard , Barron Annelise E , Willcox Mark 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aims
The World Health Organization has identified ESKAPE bacteria and Candida auris as priority pathogens, emphasizing an urgent need for novel antimicrobials to combat them. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of antimicrobial peptidomimetics, specifically peptoids with sequence-specific N-substituted glycines, against ESKAPEE pathogens, including metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) producers, as well as C. auris strains.

Methods and results
This study evaluated activity of the peptoids against the multidrug-resistant priority pathogens. The peptoid TM8 (with an N-decyl alkyl chain) demonstrated a geometric mean minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 7.8 μg ml−1 against polymyxin-resistant bacteria, and 5.5 μg ml−1 against C. auris. TM8 showed synergy with ciprofloxacin, enhancing its effectiveness four-fold against NDM-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. No antagonism was seen when TM8 was used with either conventional antibiotics or antifungals. Peptoids that had therapeutic indices below 3 were generally more hydrophobic, due to either alkyl chains or bromine. Scanning electron microscopy and live-dead staining assay on peptoid-treated C. auris confirmed morphological changes and killing activity, respectively. Furthermore, the peptoid could effectively inhibit biofilm formation by C. auris.

Conclusion
Peptoids demonstrated antibacterial activity against ESKAPEE, particularly against MBL-producing Gram-negative bacteria. Additionally, they exhibited antifungal and anti-biofilm activities against C. auris strains.
Cathepsin F alters viral acquisition, retention, and transmission of TYLCV and ToCV by Bemisia tabaci MED
Authors: Shi Xiaobin , Wang Pei , Shi Caihua , Luo Ruixue , Zhang Deyong , Zhang Zhuo , Gao Yang , Peng Jing , Preisser Evan L , Liu Yong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) are plant-infecting viruses that are mainly transmitted by Bemisia tabaci Gennadius. In addition to their significant individual impacts on agricultural production, TYLCV and ToCV co-infections are increasingly common and can cause devastating losses in tomato and other crops. Cathepsins, the main proteases in lysosomes, affect both immune responses and the digestion of plant proteins and may help mediate Bemisia-virus-plant interactions. We conducted research exploring the role of cathepsin in the interaction between B. tabaci MED and the plant viruses TYLCV and ToCV, both singly and in combination, on tomato. Levels of cathepsin F increased sharply in B. tabaci MED after feeding on TYLCV-infected, ToCV-infected, and co-infected plants and remained elevated for several days after feeding cessation. In all cases, levels were higher in co-infected B. tabaci MED than in singly infected individuals. Viral loads of each virus were also higher in co- versus singly infected B. tabaci MED, suggesting a synergistic relationship between TYLCV and ToCV. We next studied how dosing B. tabaci MED with a cathepsin inhibitor, inducer, or control affected viral acquisition, retention, and transmission. Viral acquisition and retention were lower in B. tabaci MED treated with cathepsin inducer than in controls; B. tabaci MED treated with cathepsin inhibitor had higher rates of viral acquisition and retention. Viral transmission was highest in the inhibitor treatment and lowest in the inducer treatment. Our results provide more opportunities for the design of novel control strategies to manage insect vectors and their transmitted viruses.
A credulous semantics of higher-order argumentation frameworks based on credulously accepted attacks
Authors: Wu Jiachao , Tang Shuai , Zhou Ning 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
As a useful reasoning model, higher-order argumentation frameworks (HO-AF) have been studied in many works. This paper contributes to the theory of HO-AFs in three aspects. First, the acceptability of attacks depending on a set of argument is explored, and credulously accepted attacks w.r.t. a set of arguments are formally characterised by introducing regular renovation sets. Second, a new semantics, named regular semantics (r-semantics) is established for HO-AFs. Every complete (or conflict-free, admissible) set in Modgil’s semantics is complete (or conflict-free, admissible) in r-semantics. Some maximality-based r-semantics are just the argument part of the corresponding semantics of Baroni et al. Third, an efficient method is put forward to calculate these maximality-based Baroni’s semantics through r-semantics.
Lineage-Specific Class-A GPCR Dynamics Reflect Diverse Chemosensory Adaptations in Lophotrochozoa
Authors: Nath Rohan , Panda Biswajit , Rakesh Siuli , Krishnan Arunkumar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Detecting external chemosensory cues via Class-A G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is crucial for a multitude of behavioral and biological functions, influencing animal evolution and ecological adaptations. While extensively studied in vertebrates and echinoderms, the role of GPCR-mediated chemoreception in major protostome clades like Lophotrochozoa remains obscure despite their remarkable ecological adaptations across diverse aquatic and terrestrial environments. Utilizing 238 lophotrochozoan genomes across eight phyla, we conducted a large-scale comparative genomics analysis to identify lineage-specific expansions (LSEs) of Class-A GPCR subsets that are likely adapted for chemoreception. Using phylogeny and orthology-inference-based clustering, we distinguished these expansions from conserved orthogroups of prospective endogenous ligand-binding Class-A GPCR subsets. Across phyla, LSEs correlated with adaptations to various habitats, ecological niches, and lifestyles, while the influence of whole-genome duplications in driving these LSEs appeared to be less significant. Species adapted to various coastal, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats across several classes of Mollusca, Annelida, and other analyzed phyla exhibit large and diverse LSEs, while adaptations to extreme deep-sea environments, parasitic lifestyles, sessile behaviors, or alternative chemosensory mechanisms consistently exhibit reductions. Sequence heterogeneity, signatures of positive selection, and conformational flexibility in ligand-binding pockets further highlighted adaptations to environmental signals. In summary, the evolutionary dynamics of Class-A GPCRs in lophotrochozoans reveal a widespread pattern of LSEs driven by adaptations for chemoreception across diverse environmental niches, mirroring the trends and prominent roles seen in deuterostome lineages. The comprehensive datasets spanning numerous genomes offer a valuable foundation for advancing GPCR-mediated chemoreception studies in Lophotrochozoa.
Widespread and convergent evolution of cone monochromacy in galeomorph sharks
Authors: Hart Nathan S , Pozo-Montoro Maria , Seeger Olivia , Ryan Laura A , Tosetto Louise , Huveneers Charlie , Peddemors Victor M , Williamson Jane E , Gaston Troy F 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Colour vision is widespread in marine vertebrates but is notably lacking in whales, dolphins, seals, and apparently also sharks. All sharks studied to date possess only a single spectral class of cone and are thus potentially totally colour blind. The reason why sharks lack colour vision is unclear, but as the visual pigments of only a handful of this large and ecologically diverse taxon have been studied, more data are required to address this question. Here, we assembled the retinal transcriptomes of nine species from seven families and three orders within the superorder Galeomorphii to screen for visual opsin and phototransduction genes. We reveal that cone monochromacy is widespread in galeomorph sharks, but the type of cone opsin expressed varies, with lamniform and orectolobiform sharks expressing an LWS opsin, and carcharhiniform and heterodontiform sharks expressing an RH2 opsin. Cone monochromacy has evolved from a dichromatic ancestral state at least four times, implying strong selection pressure to prioritise achromatic over chromatic vision. While all species express the GRK1A and GRK7 isoforms of G protein-coupled receptor kinase, only sharks with the LWS cone opsin express the GRK1B isoform, which suggests that non-spectral functions of photoreception may have influenced, or result from, the opsin complement in the shark retina. Finally, we show that the shark RH1 opsin gene shows evidence of positive selection at sites known to influence pigment kinetics (i.e. metarhodopsin II stability) and that the rate of retinal release likely differs substantially between species in ways that reflect their physiology and ecology.
Tough hydrogel-coated containment capsule of magnetic liquid metal for remote gastrointestinal operation
Authors: Shen Yifeng , Cao Jiasheng , Zhou Enjie , Wang Lei , Zhang Kaihang , Xue Yaoting , Yuan Hui , Hu Jiahao , Li Siyang , Miao Zhikun , Zhao Yukai , Wong Tuck-Whye , Li Tiefeng , Chen Mingyu , Yang Xuxu , Yang Wei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Gallium-based liquid metals, when combined with magnetic agents, emerge as intelligent materials with potential applications in soft robotics within biomedical engineering. However, concerns arise from the residual presence of liquid metal, raising long-term biological risks. Herein, we propose a containment method involving the rolling of magnetic liquid metal droplets in lyophilized powders, resulting in the formation of intact hydrogel coatings upon hydration. These hydrogel coatings adhere to the liquid metal surface, forming a cohesive network through hydrogen bonding between carboxylic acid groups and siloxane linkages from silanol groups. This synergy of physical and chemical interactions enables hydrogel coatings with exceptional stretchability, fracture energy, and interfacial bonding to liquid metals. Consequently, the hydrogel-coated containment capsule of magnetic liquid metal exhibit remarkable resilience to cyclic compression, enduring strains of up to 85%, while also withstanding impacts from heights exceeding 14 m. Moreover, the containment capsules demonstrate large deformation capabilities, dexterous locomotion, and wireless heating under the control of static and alternating magnetic fields. They showcase the capability for remote thermal ablation operations on ex vivo porcine stomachs and in vivo rabbit models.
How to Dominate the Historical Average
Authors: Li Kai , Li Yingying , Lyu Changlei , Yu Jialin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We present a novel methodology for the out-of-sample forecast of the equity premium. Our predictive slope coefficient is a conservative constant that has a lower bias than the zero slope employed by the historical average, but has the same variance. We demonstrate that, theoretically and empirically, our method dominates the historical average in forecast performance. Our methodology establishes a simple yet powerful paradigm for exploiting the real-time equity premium predictability derived from a predictor. Applications of our method reveal that many predictors can forecast the equity premium, and that parameter estimates in previous studies add value to out-of-sample forecasts. (JEL C53, G11, G12)
The consequences of budding speciation on trees
Authors: Parins-Fukuchi C Tomomi , Saulsbury James G 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Paleobiologists have long sought to explain how alternative modes of speciation, including budding and bifurcating cladogenesis, shape patterns of evolution. Methods introduced over the past decade have paved the way for a renewed enthusiasm for exploring modes of speciation in the fossil record. However, the field does not yet have a strong intuition for how ancestor-descendant relationships, especially those that arise from budding speciation, might influence the shape of trees reconstructed for fossil or living clades. We developed a simulation approach based on classic paleobiological theory to ask what proportion of ancestral nodes in paleontological phylogenies are expected to correspond to sampled taxa under a range of preservational regimes. We compared our simulated results to empirical estimates of absolute fossil record completeness gathered from the literature and found that many fossilized clades of marine invertebrates are likely to display upwards of 80% sampled ancestors. Under a primarily budding model, phylogenies where 100% of the internal nodes correspond to named species are very possible for well-sampled clades at local and regional scales. We also leveraged our simulation approach to ask how budding might shape extant clades. We found that the ancestral signature of budding causes rampant hard polytomies (i.e., multifurcations), greatly impacting the shape of extant clades. Our results highlight how budding can yield dramatic and unrecognized effects on phylogenetic reconstruction of clades of both living and extinct organisms.
Advances in neonatal resuscitation for the obstetric anesthesiologist
Authors: Fantin Raffaella , Wallner Bernd , Lichtenberger Philipp , Putzer Gabriel , Neubauer Vera , Griesmaier Elke 
Published: February 2025

Purpose of review
This review provides an updated overview of neonatal resuscitation practices relevant to obstetric anesthesiologists, with a focus on term and late preterm neonates (>34 weeks’ gestation). Key topics include umbilical cord management, temperature regulation, airway strategies, and pharmacological interventions, emphasizing evidence-based approaches.

Recent findings
Delayed cord clamping enhances neonatal outcomes, including improved blood volume and oxygenation. Positive pressure ventilation remains the cornerstone of neonatal resuscitation, with early initiation reducing mortality. Supraglottic airways are emerging as effective alternatives to face masks. Advances in epinephrine administration and dosing show promise, though evidence gaps persist. Simulation-based training, telemedicine, and artificial intelligence are advancing skill retention and resuscitation support.

Summary
Recent advancements in neonatal resuscitation focus on precision in ventilation, thermoregulation, and airway management. Obstetric anesthesiologists play a critical role in neonatal emergencies, underscoring the need for continuous training and the integration of emerging technologies like artificial intelligence to optimize neonatal outcomes.
Effect of Single-Prong Cannula Design With High Velocity Therapy: Comparable Efficacy at Lower Gas Flow Rates
Authors: Atwood Charles , Sethi Jigme , Bergeski Amy , Dungan George C. , Volakis Leonithas I. , Whittle Jessica S. 
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVES:
High velocity therapy (HVT), a form of high-flow oxygen therapy, utilizing a small-bore nasal cannula has been widely used in acute care settings. A new dual-prong (newDP) cannula made using more comfortable material and a single-prong (SP) cannula were evaluated to compare comfort and functionality as measured by relief of dyspnea of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) receiving HVT therapy.

DESIGN:
Randomized crossover evaluation.

SETTING:
Outpatient and in patient critical care setting.

PATIENTS:
Patients with hypercapnic COPD presenting with dyspnea above baseline.

INTERVENTIONS:
HVT therapy was provided using an existing HVT dual-prong nasal cannula (traditional) to determine the most efficacious flow rate. Patients were then randomized to receive either the newDP cannula, or the SP cannula, and retitrated for optimal flow rate. During each session of therapy, Rated Perceived Dyspnea (RPD) scores, vital signs, transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure (PTC
co
2) levels, and clinician/ patient perceptions were documented.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Of 31 enrolled, 26 patients completed the trial. The median flow rate that relieved dyspnea for the traditional, newDP, and SP cannulas were 25 L/min (20–30 L/min), 25 L/min (19.1–30 L/min), and 15 L/min (13–17 L/min), respectively. The change in RPD from baseline for traditional, newDP, and SP were –1 (–1 to 0), –1 (–2 to –1), and –1 (–2 to –1). Change in RPD from baseline for newDP and SP compared with the traditional cannula was significantly different (p = 0.044 and p = 0.01, respectively). Changes in vital signs and PTC
co
2 were similar between the three cannula types compared with baseline. The SP cannula provided comparable therapeutic efficacy at significantly lower flow rates (traditional vs. SP; p < 0.0001 and newDP vs. SP; p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS:
The new cannula designs provided comparable relief of dyspnea. The single-prong cannula provided comparable efficacy at significantly lower flow rates (traditional vs. SP; p < 0.0001 and newDP vs. SP; p < 0.0001). The use of a single-prong cannula with HVT warrants further study.
Association of Causative Pathogens With Acute Kidney Injury in Adult Patients With Community-Onset Sepsis
Authors: Pant Praruj , Chihara Shingo , Krishnamoorthy Vijay , Treggiari Miriam M. , Messina Julia A. , Privratsky Jamie R. , Raghunathan Karthik , Ohnuma Tetsu 
Published: February 2025

IMPORTANCE:
The influence of disease-causing pathogen on acute kidney injury (AKI) in septic patients is poorly understood.

OBJECTIVES:
We examined the association of microbial pathogen with AKI among patients with community-onset sepsis.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:
This was a retrospective cohort study. Patient data were acquired from the nationwide multicenter PINC AI Healthcare Database (2016–2020). Participants included adult patients with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-defined community-onset sepsis.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES:
The primary exposure was pathogen type identified by culture growth. Microbial cultures from any site were included. The primary endpoint was development of AKI within 7 days of admission using the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes serum creatinine criteria. We used multilevel logistic regression to examine the association between pathogen type and AKI. Escherichia coli-positive cultures were used as the reference category.

RESULTS:
We included 119,733 patients with community-onset sepsis. The median age was 67 years, 33.3% were mechanically ventilated, 36.1% received vasopressors, and hospital mortality was 13.1%. Forty-two thousand twenty-seven patients (35.1%) developed stage 1 AKI, 22,979 (19.2%) developed stage 2 AKI, and 25,073 (20.9%) developed stage 3 AKI. Relative to patients with E. coli infection (odds ratio [OR], 1.0), Proteus species (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.06–1.50), and Streptococcus species (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.10–1.41) were associated with increased odds of AKI. Meanwhile, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.49–0.64) and Serratia species (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.52–0.94) were associated with decreased odds of AKI.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:
The causative pathogen in patients with sepsis may influence the development of AKI. Further mechanistic and clinical research is needed to confirm these findings and to explore how different pathogens may affect AKI risk in critically ill patients.