bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response to Intervention: Implications for Early Childhood Professionals
Authors: Jackson Sarah , Pretti-Frontczak Kristie , Harjusola-Webb Sanna , Grisham-Brown Jennifer , Romani Jeanne M. 
Published: October 2009

Purpose
The purpose of this article is to discuss the importance of building strong early childhood communities of interdisciplinary practice in the application of a comprehensive curriculum framework. A curriculum framework is proposed as a means of applying and extending the principles of response to intervention (RtI) to early childhood education providers working with young children, including speech-language pathologists (SLPs). The article presents information regarding the elements of a curriculum framework and suggestions for practice.

Method
Literature related to RtI was reviewed to identify common principles of practice. The resulting principles were then aligned to early childhood education recommended practices in order to illustrate the overlapping beliefs. Rationale and support for a curriculum framework as an early childhood education RtI model was then gathered to identify appropriate practices for working with young children who are served in a variety of early childhood settings.

Conclusion
SLPs are important members of early educational teams, particularly when applying the principles of RtI using a curriculum framework. SLPs bring the expertise needed to ensure that children achieve critical outcomes. Implementation of the curriculum framework is made possible when everyone involved in supporting young children understands how to apply the elements of a curriculum framework.
Prekindergarten Teachers' Verbal References to Print During Classroom-Based, Large-Group Shared Reading
Authors: Zucker Tricia A. , Justice Laura M. , Piasta Shayne B. 
Published: October 2009

PurposeThe frequency with which adults reference print when reading with preschool-age children is associated with growth in children’s print knowledge (e.g., L.M. Justice & H.K. Ezell, 2000, 2002). This study examined whether prekindergarten (pre-K) teachers naturally reference print during classroom shared reading and if verbal print references occur at similar rates across different types of books. The relation between frequency of print referencing and quality of teachers' language instruction was also studied.MethodSeventeen pre-K teachers were randomly assigned to a regular reading condition as part of a larger study, and 92 videos of their large-group, shared-reading sessions were analyzed for print-referencing utterances and quality of language instruction. Teachers' verbal print references were compared across texts that were purposefully sampled to include different levels of print salience.ResultsTeachers discussed all domains of print studied; however, their rate of print referencing was relatively low. More verbal print references were observed when the teachers read books exhibiting higher amounts of print-salient features. When reading books, there was no apparent relation between teachers' use of print referencing and their quality of language instruction.ConclusionIt is unclear whether this low rate of explicit, verbal print referencing would impact children’s print knowledge. Nonetheless, print-salient books appear to offer a natural context for discussions about print. Implications for educational practice are considered.
POWER ASYMMETRY IN COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND FLUCTUATIONS FROM FULL SKY TO SUB-DEGREE SCALES: IS THE UNIVERSE ISOTROPIC?
Authors: Hansen F. K. , Banday A. J. , Górski K. M. , Eriksen H. K. , Lilje P. B. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT
We repeat and extend the analysis of Eriksen et al. and Hansen et al., testing the isotropy of the cosmic microwave background fluctuations. We find that the hemispherical power asymmetry previously reported for the largest scales ℓ = 2–40 extends to much smaller scales. In fact, for the full multipole range ℓ = 2–600, significantly more power is found in the hemisphere centered at (θ = 107° ± 10°, ϕ = 226° ± 10°) in galactic co-latitude and longitude than in the opposite hemisphere, consistent with the previously detected direction of asymmetry for ℓ = 2–40. We adopt a model selection test where the direction and amplitude of asymmetry, as well as the multipole range, are free parameters. A model with an asymmetric distribution of power for ℓ = 2–600 is found to be preferred over the isotropic model at the 0.4% significance level, taking into account the additional parameters required to describe it. A similar direction of asymmetry is found independently in all six subranges of 100 multipoles between ℓ = 2–600. None of our 9800 isotropic simulated maps show a similarly consistent direction of asymmetry over such a large multipole range. No known systematic effects or foregrounds are found to be able to explain the asymmetry.
Psychology, The Human Sciences, And Religion
Authors: Paloutzian Raymond F. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Three of the five integrative themes in this article seem straightforward: the path of the research, the role of the psychology of religion, and the methods–theory–methods feedback loop. The other two are pivotal. The multilevel interdisciplinary paradigm and the model of religion as a meaning system may be intellectual devices that can foster more expansive research programmes and more visionary theoretical integration. The psychology of religion has developed to such a degree during the past quarter-century that its contributions to the science–religion dialogue are compelling. The boundaries within the subdisciplines of psychology are diminishing, and in their place, people see the rise of research that pulls together ideas from previously isolated lines of work. Similarly, cross-fertilization of psychological research with allied fields has increased, and this trend will continue.
The Scientific Landscape of Religion: Evolution, Culture, and Cognition
Authors: Atran Scott 
Published: October 2009

AbstractReligion has no evolutionary functions per se. Rather, existential anxieties and moral sentiments constitute – by virtue of evolution – ineluctable elements of the human condition; and the cognitive invention, cultural selection, and historical survival of religious beliefs in the supernatural owe much to its success in accommodating these elements. Other factors in the persistence of religion as mankind's provisional evolutionary destiny involve naturally selected elements of human cognition. These include the inherent susceptibility of religious beliefs to modularized conceptual processing systems, such as folk psychology, which favour the survival and recurrence of the supernatural within and across minds and societies.
Toward A Comprehensive Integration Of Science and Religion: A Post‐metaphysical Approach
Authors: Esbjörn‐Hargens Sean , Wilber Ken 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
This article outlines the ways in which Integral Theory, applying Integral Methodological Pluralism (IMP), can provide a successful approach to integrating the disciplines of science and religion. It introduces the Integral approach and the application of IMP. Then, the article draws on IMP to explain some of the important features of both Integral Science and Integral Religion. Finally, it identifies some key considerations for integrating science and religion. Integral Theory provides a comprehensive means of integrating the four dimension-perspectives of objectivity, interobjectivity, subjectivity, and intersubjectivity. It also includes the major methodological families in a way that avoids postulating the existence of pre-existing ontological structures of a Platonic, archetypal, Patanjali, or Yogachara-Buddhist variety.
Science and Theology: Their Relation at the Beginning of the Third Millenium
Authors: Welker Michael 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
A clear perspective on the reductionisms on both sides has been gained through a Theology and Science discourse that has made anthropological research reconsider the relation of God to human beings, revealing that this ‘relation’ is constituted not merely by God's sustenance of human creatures or by their feeling of ‘utter dependence’ on God. The divine creativity has to be differentiated into God's (1) sustaining, (2) rescuing and saving, and, finally, (3) elevating and ennobling work on creation. Naturalistic reductionisms tend to be found on the first level. Anthropologies shaped by social, political, and moral concerns easily come up with reductionisms located on the second level. Typically religious and spiritual perspectives are in danger of creating reductionisms on the third level.
Darwinism
Authors: McGrath Alister E. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
One of the most vigorous debates within modern Christian thought concerns the implications of Darwinism for religious belief. It is a debate that is by no means limited to Christianity, as is evident from the generally hostile reaction to Darwinism within the Islamic world. While the term is often used to refer specifically to the views set out by Charles Darwin in his Origin of Species, it is more widely used to refer to the theories that emerged from Darwin's work, as they have been received, developed, and modified. Although terms such as the ‘neo-Darwinian synthesis’ are often used to distinguish the present state of evolutionary theory from the earlier forms proposed by Darwin himself, this article follows the widespread convention of using the word ‘Darwinism’ to define a family of theories.
God and Evolution
Authors: Haught John F. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
On the issue of ‘God and evolution’ it is not helpful to think of God only as a first cause, a final cause, or an intelligent designer. Rather, this article approaches the topic of evolution to bring to the fore what is taken to be the revelatory image of God given in the witness of the author's own religious tradition. Such an image is available to Christians in the picture of Jesus presented in the Gospels and interpreted by other biblical and classic texts throughout the centuries. Therefore, in the world of Christian thought and its engagements with Darwinian biology, the first question must be whether the idea of God as revealed in Christ is able to illuminate the story of life without contradicting or editing the scientific information pertaining to evolution.
The Sacred Emergence of Nature
Authors: Goodenough Ursula , Deacon Terrence W. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Scientists have had spectacular success with reductionism. Response to this success has been decidedly mixed. On the one hand, people slurp up the technologies and medicines that spin off from, and thereby validate, these reductionist understandings. On the other hand, they often decry the Humpty-Dumpty fragments that appear to be all that remains of their whole-egg world where the human is the point. This article first gives an overview of the emergentist view of nature, and then uses these concepts to outline an emergentist view of the religious quest. It suggests that much of what religious persons seek is grounded in a thirst for the very emergent phenomena that in fact surround us. The concept of emergence, more than any other concept we have encountered, puts Humpty-Dumpty back together again in ways that are wonderfully resonant with our existential and religious yearnings.
Theology, Ecology, and Values
Authors: Deane‐Drummond Celia 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The nexus between ecology and religious reflection has been on the agenda for discussion among theologians since the 1970s, which were characterized by an increased social, public, and political awareness of environmental questions arising specifically from human activities. This article engages with the values that arise within ecology to offer an illustrative analysis of current ecological challenges, and to highlight debates within Christian theological ethics as to how best to respond to such challenges. It argues for a virtue-ethics approach to complex questions in ecology, drawing specifically on the classical tradition of Thomas Aquinas and including the virtues of wisdom, prudence, justice, and fortitude alongside the theological virtues of faith, hope, and charity. Finally, the article offers pointers towards the way the field might develop in the future.
Concluding Reflections: Dover Beach Revisited
Authors: Midgley Mary 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Using a passage from Matthew Arnold's poetry which writes sadly of the receding Sea of Faith, this article holds that the loss of Christian metaphysics drained away all the normal meaning from life, leaving people desperately trying to make sense of a dead, empty world. The nihilistic message draws its power from exploiting the unreal split that Descartes introduced between human minds and the rest of nature. We ourselves are unearthly, supernatural entities, God's colonists sent to supervise the Earth. The Newtonian age could use this crude dualism because the Christian God still kept the two elements together. The inert particle model itself no longer makes any sense because it is contrary to modern physics. The behaviourists, misguidedly obsessed with parsimony, had tried to explain human life entirely from the outside, ignoring the inner experience that lies at the heart of all human action.
Age determines vascular reactivity as measured by optical rhinometry
Authors: Tillmann H. C. , Laske A. , Bernasconi C. , Stuck B. A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackground  Endonasal blood volume depends on autonomous nervous system activation and ultimately vascular reactivity. It can be measured by optical rhinometry, a simple‐ to‐use, subject‐compliance independent method. We investigated endonasal perfusion following postural change to determine predictors of vascular response.Materials and methods  Optical rhinometry was performed in 52 healthy subjects (25 women) with an age range of 21–80 years. Subjects were placed in supine position after 5 min of standing. Optical density (OD) as marker of endonasal blood volume was continuously measured for 30 min after postural change. In addition to age, data on other risk factors for impaired vascular reactivity, such as gender, smoking, level of physical activity, resting heart rate and blood pressure were obtained. To evaluate raw‐data curves, integrals over defined time‐periods were calculated.Results The OD initially increased following the intervention (tmax at 207 ± 12 s, mean ± SEM). Thereafter, a gradual return to baseline levels was observed in young but not in elderly subjects. In multivariate models, age was the most influential parameter for vascular response followed by body mass index. The defined integrals as indicators of curve structure were all significantly influenced by age (P < 0·01 for each interval). Other measured risk factors had no effect on curve characteristics.Conclusions  Age is an important predictor of endonasal perfusion. Evaluation of optical rhinometry needs to take age‐dependency of results into account. Studies in patients with cardiovascular disease are needed to show if optical rhinometry can provide information about vascular responsiveness as a predictor of cardiovascular morbidity.
Long‐term effects of weight loss with a very low carbohydrate and low fat diet on vascular function in overweight and obese patients
Authors: Wycherley T. P. , Brinkworth G. D. , Keogh J. B. , Noakes M. , Buckley J. D. , Clifton P. M. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract.  Wycherley TP, Brinkworth GD, Keogh JB, Noakes M, Buckley JD, Clifton PM. (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Food and Nutritional Sciences; School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide; and Nutritional Physiology Research Centre and Australian Technology Network Centre for Metabolic Fitness, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia). Long‐term effects of weight loss with a very low carbohydrate and low fat diet on vascular function in overweight and obese patients. J Intern Med 2010; 267: 452–461.Objective.  To compare the effects of an energy reduced very low carbohydrate, high saturated fat diet (LC) and an isocaloric high carbohydrate, low fat diet (LF) on endothelial function after 12 months.Design and Subjects.  Forty‐nine overweight or obese patients (age 50.0 ± 1.1 years, BMI 33.7 ± 0.6 kg m−2) were randomized to either an energy restricted (∼6–7 MJ), planned isocaloric LC or LF for 52 weeks. Body weight, endothelium‐derived factors, flow‐mediated dilatation (FMD), adiponectin, augmentation index (AIx) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were assessed. All data are mean ± SEM.Results.  Weight loss was similar in both groups (LC −14.9 ± 2.1 kg, LF −11.5 ± 1.5 kg; P = 0.20). There was a significant time × diet effect for FMD (P = 0.045); FMD decreased in LC (5.7 ± 0.7% to 3.7 ± 0.5%) but remained unchanged in LF (5.9 ± 0.5% to 5.5 ± 0.7%). PWV improved in both groups (LC −1.4 ± 0.6 m s−1, LF −1.5 ± 0.6 m s−1; P = 0.001 for time) with no diet effect (P = 0.80). AIx and VCAM‐1 did not change in either group. Adiponectin, eSelectin, tPA and PAI‐1 improved similarly in both groups (P < 0.01 for time).Conclusion.  Both LC and LF hypoenergetic diets achieved similar reductions in body weight and were associated with improvements in PWV and a number of endothelium‐derived factors. However, the LC diet impaired FMD suggesting chronic consumption of a LC diet may have detrimental effects on endothelial function.
BRIEF REPORT: Increased blood oxidative stress in amphetamine users
Authors: Govitrapong Piyarat , Boontem Parichart , Kooncumchoo Patcharee , Pinweha Sirinthorn , Namyen Jatuporn , Sanvarinda Yupin , Vatanatunyakum Smith 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTAmphetamine derivatives have been shown to be a potential brain neurotoxin based on the production of free radicals that occurs after administration. The purpose of this study was to examine the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in the blood of amphetamine users. The plasma lipid peroxidation was determined and reported as thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and was significantly increased (+21%), whereas the activities of the erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase were significantly decreased (−32%, −14% and −31%, respectively) in amphetamine users. These results implicated the potential role of oxidative stress in amphetamine‐induced neurotoxicity.
PRECLINICAL STUDY: Mifepristone and spironolactone differently alter cocaine intravenous self‐administration and cocaine‐induced locomotion in C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Fiancette Jean‐François , Balado Eric , Piazza Pier‐Vincenzo , Deroche‐Gamonet Véronique 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTCorticosterone, the main glucorticoid hormone in rodents, facilitates behavioral responses to cocaine. Corticosterone is proposed to modulate cocaine intravenous self‐administration (SA) and cocaine‐induced locomotion through distinct receptors, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), respectively. However, this remains debatable. On one hand, modulation of both responses by the GR was tested in different experimental conditions, i.e. light versus dark nycthemeral phase and naïve versus cocaine‐experienced animals. On the other hand, modulation of both responses by the MR was never tested directly but only inferred based on the ability of low plasma corticosterone levels (those for which corticosterone almost exclusively binds the MR) to compensate the effects of adrenalectomy. Our goal here was to test the involvement of the GR and the MR in cocaine‐induced locomotor and reinforcing effects in the same experimental conditions. C57Bl/6J mice were trained for cocaine (1 mg/kg/infusion) intravenous SA over 40 SA sessions. The animals were then administered with mifepristone (30 mg/kg i.p.), a GR antagonist, or with spironolactone (20 mg/kg/i.p.), an MR antagonist, 2 hours before either cocaine intravenous SA or cocaine‐induced locomotion. In a comparable nycthemeral period and in similarly cocaine‐experienced animals, a blockade of the GR decreased cocaine‐induced reinforcing effects but not cocaine‐induced locomotion. A blockade of the MR decreased both cocaine‐induced reinforcing (but to a much lesser extent than the GR blockade) and locomotor effects. Altogether, our results comforted the hypothesis that the GR modulates cocaine‐related operant conditioning, while the MR would modulate cocaine‐related unconditioned effects. The present data also reveal mifepristone as an interesting tool for manipulating the impact of corticosterone on cocaine‐induced reinforcing effects in mice.
Novel CLN8 mutations confirm the clinical and ethnic diversity of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis
Authors: Reinhardt K , Grapp M , Schlachter K , Brück W , Gärtner J , Steinfeld R 
Published: October 2009

Reinhardt K, Grapp M, Schlachter K, Brück W, Gärtner J, Steinfeld R. Novel CLN8 mutations confirm the clinical and ethnic diversity of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis.The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are a group of inherited lysosomal storage diseases and the prototype of childhood onset neurodegenerative disorders. To date, 10 NCL entities (CLN1–CLN10) are known and characterized by accumulation of autofluorescent storage material, age of onset and clinical symptoms. CLN8 was first identified as the causative gene for a late‐onset form with progressive epilepsy and mental retardation in Finnish patients. In addition, CLN8 phenotypes were described in Turkish, Israeli and Italian patients with a more rapid progression of visual loss, epilepsy, ataxia and mental decline. Here, we report the first mutations in German (c.611G>T) and Pakistani (c.709G>A) patients. Our findings confirm previous assumptions that the CLN8 variant can occur in many ethnic groups. So far, large CLN gene deletions are only known for the CLN3 gene. Here, we also describe a novel, large CLN8 gene deletion c.544‐2566_590del2613 in a Turkish family with a slightly more severe phenotype. Our data indicate that patients with clinical signs of late infantile NCL and characteristic ultrastructural inclusions should also be screened for CLN8 mutations independent of their ethnic origin.
Natural and sexual selection against immigrants maintains differentiation among micro‐allopatric populations
Authors: TOBLER M. , RIESCH R. , TOBLER C. M. , SCHULZ‐MIRBACH T. , PLATH M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractLocal adaptation to divergent environmental conditions can promote population genetic differentiation even in the absence of geographic barriers and hence lead to speciation. But what mechanisms contribute to reproductive isolation among diverging populations? We tested for natural and sexual selection against immigrants in a fish species inhabiting (and adapting to) nonsulphidic surface habitats, sulphidic surface habitats and a sulphidic cave. Gene flow is strong among sample sites situated within the same habitat type, but low among divergent habitat types. Our results indicate that females of both sulphidic populations discriminate against immigrant males during mate choice. Furthermore, using reciprocal translocation experiments, we document natural selection against migrants between nonsulphidic and sulphidic habitats, whereas migrants between sulphidic cave and surface habitats did not exhibit increased mortality within the same time period. Consequently, both natural and sexual selection may contribute to isolation among parapatric populations, and selection against immigrants may be a powerful mechanism facilitating speciation among locally adapted populations even over very small spatial distances.