bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planar cell polarity signaling: coordination of cellular orientation across tissues
Authors: Singh Jaskirat , Mlodzik Marek 
Published: February 2012

AbstractEstablishment of Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) in epithelia, in the plane of an epithelium, is an important feature of the development and homeostasis of most organs. Studies in different model organisms have contributed a wealth of information regarding the mechanisms that govern PCP regulation. Genetic studies in Drosophila have identified two signaling systems, the Fz/PCP and Fat/Dachsous system, which are both required for PCP establishment in many different tissues in a largely non‐redundant manner. Recent advances in vertebrate PCP studies have added novel factors of PCP regulation and also new cellular features requiring PCP‐signaling input, including the positioning and orientation of the primary cilium of many epithelial cells. This review focuses mostly on several recent advances made in the Drosophila and vertebrate PCP field and integrates these within the existing PCP‐signaling framework. WIREs Dev Biol 2012, 1:479–499. doi: 10.1002/wdev.32This article is categorized under:

Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Cytoplasmic Localization
Signaling Pathways > Global Signaling Mechanisms
Invertebrate Organogenesis > Flies
Utilization of a species occupancy model for management and conservation
Authors: McFarland Tiffany M. , Mathewson Heather A. , Groce Julie E. , Morrison Michael L. , Newnam J. Cal , Snelgrove R. Todd , Skow Kevin L. , Collier Bret A. , Wilkins R. Neal 
Published: February 2012

AbstractConserving habitat is increasingly challenging as human populations grow. Remote‐sensing technology has provided a means to delineate species' habitat on large spatial scales. However, by combining habitat delineations with predictions of species' occurrence, habitat models can provide additional utility applications for conservation by allowing us to forecast how changing environmental and landscape conditions affect species' occurrence and distribution. We demonstrate how a spatially explicit habitat occupancy model for the golden‐cheeked warbler (Setophaga chrysoparia) can be used as an impact assessment and conservation planning tool. We used predictions of patch‐level occupancy rates and created several scenarios that simulated the removal or protection of warbler habitats. Resulting changes to habitat structure and availability were used to assess the resulting impacts of removal or protection on the occurrence probability for remaining habitat patches. By recalculating occupancy based on changes to habitat, our approach provides the ability to assess and compare impacts of location and orientation of development so that the least harmful option relative to predicted occurrence can be chosen. Potential applications of our modeling approach are many because our methods provide a useful tool for identifying potential impacts and assisting with mitigation efforts focused on the conservation and management of a species. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Population size of Island loggerhead shrikes on Santa Rosa and Santa Cruz Islands
Authors: Stanley Thomas R. , Teel Susan , Hall Linnea S. , Dye Linda C. , Laughrin Lyndal L. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIsland loggerhead shrikes (Lanius ludovicianus anthonyi) are an endemic, genetically distinct subspecies of loggerhead shrike on California's Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, and Santa Catalina Islands (USA). This subspecies is listed as a Species of Special Concern by the California Department of Fish and Game and has been petitioned for federal listing under the Endangered Species Act. The combination of suspected low numbers and the possibility of federal listing, prompted us to undertake a study to rigorously estimate the number of remaining individuals on Santa Rosa and Santa Cruz Islands. During the 2009 and 2010 breeding seasons, we surveyed sample units on Santa Rosa and Santa Cruz Islands using a double‐observer method with independent observers to estimate joint detection probabilities (p), where we selected units under a stratified random sampling design. We estimated shrike abundance to be 169 in 2009 (p = 0.476) and 240 in 2010 (p = 0.825) for Santa Rosa Island, and 35 in 2009 (p = 0.816) and 42 in 2010 (p = 0.710) for Santa Cruz Island. These numbers, especially for Santa Rosa Island, are higher than previously reported but nevertheless are still low. Rapid vegetation change on both islands due to recent removal of nonnative herbivores may threaten the habitat and status of this subspecies and, therefore, we suggest that intensive demographic and habitat use research be initiated immediately to obtain additional information vital for the management of this subspecies. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Internet use by parents of infants with positive newborn screens
Authors: DeLuca Jane M. , Kearney Margaret H. , Norton Sally A. , Arnold Georgianne L. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundInternet searches on health topics are common, but not enough is known about online use during serious health concerns. The aim of this study was to investigate parents’ internet use and responses to online information following the referral of their newborn screen‐positive infants.MethodsForty‐four parents were interviewed about their internet use during their infants’ evaluations for a potential metabolic disorder. Responses to open‐ended questions were audio taped and transcribed. Content analysis was used in analyzing the interview data.ResultsAn overwhelming majority of parents (89%) accessed the internet and most went online before meeting with genetic providers at metabolic treatment centers. Primary and genetic providers did not routinely recommend websites to parents. Online descriptions of metabolic disorders increased parents’ anxieties. Some parents allayed their distress by enlisting others to search and filter information for them and by seeking optimistic internet content about the disorders. Parents with fewer years of education were often baffled by complex disease information. Parents found limited information about treatments or what to expect during the clinical evaluations of their infants.ConclusionsThe internet is an integral part of health care and an important source of information for newborn screening parents. Parents may benefit from recommendations of credible websites and discussions of internet information with health care providers.
Application of the Taguchi Method in Analyzing the Impact of Modified Gemini Surfactants on TiO2 Nano‐Suspension
Authors: Kuo Chung‐Feng Jeffery , Dong Min‐Yan 
Published: February 2012

AbstractRegarding the TiO2 nano‐suspension under different influencing parameters such as hydrophilic chain length of the modified gemini surfactant (dispersant), electrolyte concentration and dispersant concentration, this study applied the Taguchi Method to analyze the optimal parameters of the TiO2 nano‐suspension using an L9(33) orthogonal array for making the experimental formulas with the average particle size of the suspension as the smaller‐the‐better indicator. The experimental results suggested that the dispersing particle size of the nano‐suspension was affected in order by the dispersant concentration (64.11%), the hydrophilic group chain length of dispersant (11.16%) and the electrolyte concentration (3.04%). Then, by the confirmation experiments based on the optimal parameter combinations of Taguchi Method analysis, the TiO2 nano‐suspension of uniform and minimized particle size were obtained. The result was within the 95% confidence interval, indicating that the reproducibility of the parameter design was high.
Experimental and QSPR Studies on the Effect of Ionic Surfactants on n‐Decane–Water Interfacial Tension
Authors: Fallah Fini Mojtaba , Riahi Siavash , Bahramian Alireza 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA quantitative structure property relationship approach was performed to find the relation between the surfactant structure and its effect on water–oil interfacial tension. As a result, a new database has been developed measuring the interfacial tension between n‐decane as the model oil and different aqueous solutions of some ionic compounds. In spite of other reports we selected surfactants by a scientific method that covers all structural information. Twenty four different compounds were selected by the principle component analysis method and their interfacial tensions were measured at their critical micelle concentrations. The geometrical optimization of surfactants was performed at the B3LYP/6‐311G⃰⃰ level and quantum chemical and structural descriptors were calculated using relevant computer software programs. The best fitted descriptors were selected using the variable selection of the genetic algorithm (GA‐MLR). The predictive test was performed for an external prediction set of 6 compounds, chosen out of 24 compounds. The resulted GA‐MLR model can reasonably predict the interfacial tension using only three selected descriptors. The deviation between predicted and measured values was found to be <7%.
Dietary strawberry powder reduces blood glucose concentrations in obese and lean C57BL/6 mice, and selectively lowers plasma C-reactive protein in lean mice
Authors: Parelman Mardi A. , Storms David H. , Kirschke Catherine P. , Huang Liping , Zunino Susan J. 
Published: February 2012

The purpose of the present study was to test the anti-inflammatory and blood glucose (BG)-regulating capacity of strawberries in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. A total of thirty-six male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups (nine mice per group). Mice were fed a low-fat diet (LF, 13 % fat), the LF supplemented with 2·6 % freeze-dried strawberry powder (LFSB), a high-fat diet (HF, 44 % fat) or the HF supplemented with 2·6 % strawberry powder (HFSB). Blood samples were collected to measure BG, inflammation and systemic markers for endocrine function of pancreas and adipose tissue. Splenocytes were harvested at the end of the study and activated with either anti-cluster of differentiation (CD) 3/anti-CD28 antibodies or lipopolysaccharide to test immune responsiveness. The HF increased non-fasted BG, insulin, soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1, E-selectin, leptin, resistin and plasminogen activator protein-1 (P < 0·05). High dietary fat decreased IL-4 production from activated splenocytes (P < 0·05). BG concentrations were lower in the mice supplemented with SB (10·64 mmol/l) compared to the non-supplemented mice (11·37 mmol/l;P = 0·0022). BG values were approximately 6·5 % lower in the supplemented mice. Additionally, SB lowered plasma C-reactive protein in the LFSB group compared to the other three groups (P < 0·05). The dietary intake of SB approximated one human serving of strawberries. These results, although modest, support a promising role for dietary strawberries in reducing the risks associated with obesity and diabetes, and regulating the levels of inflammatory markers in non-obese individuals.
Virtual liveness and sounding cyborgs: John Oswald's ‘Vane’
Authors: Sanden Paul 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis article presents the concept of virtual liveness and demonstrates its relevance in an analysis of ‘Vane’, one of John Oswald's plunderphonic pieces. It argues that even when encountering a piece of music that lacks a physically co-present audience, lacks largely unmediated acoustic sound and lacks a live performer, the term ‘performance’ may still be usefully applied. In these cases, however, the sense of liveness that invokes this idea of performance is often more virtual than actual. ‘Vane’ sounds not just like a combination of Oswald's two source recordings (Carly Simon's and Faster Pussycat's versions of ‘You're So Vain’), but like a new technological entity: Oswald's manipulations of his source material result in sounds that are decidedly ‘of the machine’, even as they invite us to sing along with Carly Simon's and Faster Pussycat's performances. We enter into a complex network of references between the performances represented in the original recordings and this new, virtual performance – the performance, ultimately, of a sounding cyborg.
Contextual incongruity and musical congruity: the aesthetics and humour of mash-ups
Authors: Brøvig-Hanssen Ragnhild , Harkins Paul 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe academic literature on mash-ups has been dominated by discussions about issues relating to their illegal nature and infringement of copyright. We aim to appraise this musical style with a socio-musicological approach to focus on its aesthetics. We argue that mash-ups are characterised by two underlying principles, namely contextual incongruity of recognisable samples and musical congruity between the mashed tracks. Through our close analyses of The Evolution Control Committee's ‘The Whipped Cream Mixes’ and Danger Mouse's The Grey Album, we describe how contextual incongruity often creates a humorous effect, which explains why many listeners react with smiles and laughter when hearing a new mash-up. In successful mash-ups, the combination of musical congruity and contextual incongruity results in the paradoxical response: ‘these two songs should definitely not work together … but they do!’
Fandom as a religious form: on the reception of pop music by Cliff Richard fans in Liverpool
Authors: Löbert Anja 
Published: February 2012

AbstractUsing the example of Cliff Richard fans, this article investigates to what extent the rites and rituals exercised in fandom can be regarded as representations of a religious form as understood by the French sociologist Émile Durkheim inThe Elementary Forms of Religious Life.Because empirical research has established its significance, the pop concert experience and its echoing effects are used as a starting point to explore the thesis that fans draw and cultivate a distinction between a profane and a sacred domain in their lives. These suggestions are further enriched by Randall Collins' and Gabriele Mordt's analyses of passions. This article adopts their concept of the sacred object as a passion-preserving device. In addition, the argument of popular music scholar Daniel Cavicchi (based on Bruce Springsteen fans) is taken one step further. Finally, I suggest a typology of fan experience that differentiates between primary interaction ritual, secondary interaction ritual, the cult of the individual and special rites.
Is Titan's shape caused by its meteorology and carbon cycle?
Authors: Choukroun M. , Sotin C. 
Published: February 2012

Titan's shape is characterized by a difference between the long equatorial radius and the polar radius that is several hundred meters larger than that predicted by the flattening due to its spin rate. The North polar region is covered by large mare filled with hydrocarbons, including ethane. Moreover global circulation models predict ethane precipitation on the polar areas. This study shows that the shape of Titan can be explained by the subsidence associated with the substitution of methane with ethane‐rich liquids percolating into the crust which, as suggested by evolution models, may be composed of methane clathrate hydrates. Such substitutions have been observed in laboratory experiments. This process would provide an additional methane source as required for sustaining the presence of this constituent in Titan's atmosphere through its history. A 270 m subsidence of the polar caps is explained by the circulation of 1.5 to 6 × 1018kg of ethane in the top three kilometers of an initially methane‐clathrate crust. This process would have operated during the last 300–1200 Myr at the present ethane production rate.
Limits to the detection of early warning signals of population collapse
Authors: Boettiger Carl , Hastings Alan 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Background/Question/Methods
The recog-ni-tion that ecosys-tems can undergo sud-den shifts to alter-nate, less desir-able sta-ble states has led to the desire to iden-tify early warn-ing signs of these impend-ing col-lapses. This search has been moti-vated by the math-e-mat-ics of bifur-ca-tions, in which sud-den shifts result not from direct per-tur-ba-tions to the state (i.e. the pop-u-la-tion abun-dance, through mech-a-nisms such as over-harvesting) but to a slowly chang-ing para-me-ter that impacts the sys-tem sta-bil-ity. While these col-lapses can-not be antic-i-pated by observ-ing only the mean dynam-ics (as described by a deter-min-is-tic model), signs of the impend-ing col-lapse are expressed in the ran-dom per-tur-ba-tions, or noise, inher-ent in real sys-tems. The math-e-mat-i-cal the-ory of early warn-ing signs exploits this fact by seek-ing to detect pat-terns such as “crit-i-cal slow-ing down” of these per-tur-ba-tions due to the grad-ual loss of sta-bil-ity which leads to a bifurcation.While much atten-tion has been given to empha-siz-ing the exis-tence both of sud-den col-lapses and of signs of crit-i-cal slow-ing down, lit-tle atten-tion has been paid to its detec-tion. Faced with only finite data, any method risks both false alarms and failed detec-tion events. We believe that weigh-ing these risks must be the bur-den of man-age-ment pol-icy, while research must first pro-vide a reli-able way to quan-tify the rel-a-tive risks of each. We present a method which quan-ti-fies this risk and show how to decrease the uncer-tainty inher-ent in com-mon summary-statistic approaches through the use of a like-li-hood based mod-el-ing approach.

Results/Conclusions
We demon-strate that com-monly used cor-re-la-tion tests applied to sum-mary sta-tis-tics such as auto-cor-re-la-tion and vari-ance are both inap-pro-pri-ate and insuf-fi-cient tests of early warn-ing signals.Our method esti-mates directly the para-me-ters of a gen-er-al-ized model of the bifur-ca-tion pos-tu-lated by early warn-ing sig-nals the-ory, with and with-out the pres-ence of a grad-ual change lead-ing towards col-lapse. Using Monte Carlo sim-u-la-tion we gen-er-ate the dis-tri-b-u-tion of warning-signal sta-tis-tics expected under each model. From this we can quan-tify the risk of false alarms and missed detec-tion. We then show how apply-ing this approach to the data directly rather than the sum-mary sta-tis-tic increases the power of detec-tion. We illus-trate the approach in both sim-u-lated and empir-i-cal data of sud-den eco-log-i-cal shifts.
Quantifying Mortal Injury of Juvenile Chinook Salmon Exposed to Simulated Hydro‐Turbine Passage
Authors: Brown Richard S. , Carlson Thomas J. , Gingerich Andrew J. , Stephenson John R. , Pflugrath Brett D. , Welch Abigail E. , Langeslay Mike J. , Ahmann Martin L. , Johnson Robert L. , Skalski John R. , Seaburg Adam G. , Townsend Richard L. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA proportion of juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and other salmonids travel through one or more turbines during their seaward migration in the Columbia and Snake rivers. There is limited information on how these fish respond to the hydraulic pressures found during turbine passage events. We exposed juvenile Chinook salmon to varied acclimation pressures and subsequent exposure pressures to mimic the hydraulic pressures of large Kaplan turbines. Additionally, we varied abiotic (total dissolved gas and rate of pressure change) and biotic factors (condition factor, fish length, and fish weight) that may contribute to the incidence of mortal injury associated with fish passage through hydropower turbines. We determined that the main factor associated with the mortal injury of juvenile Chinook salmon during simulated turbine passage was the ratio between the acclimation pressure and the lowest exposure pressure. Condition factor, total dissolved gas, and rate of pressure change were found to only slightly increase the predictive power of the equations relating the probability of mortal injury to the conditions of exposure or the characteristics of the test fish during simulated turbine passage. This research should assist engineers and fisheries managers in operating and improving hydroelectric facilities while minimizing mortality and injury to turbine‐passed juvenile Chinook salmon. Using these data, models can be built that might determine how much mortal injury is present at different turbine operations as pressures change. Further, pressure data coupled with the mortal injury data should be useful to engineers and turbine manufacturers when designing new turbines, which could not only increase power generation and efficiency but also minimize barotrauma to the fish that pass through them.
Bioenergetics and Population Dynamics of Flannelmouth Sucker and Bluehead Sucker in Grand Canyon as Evidenced by Tag Recapture Observations
Authors: Walters Carl J. , van Poorten Brett T. , Coggins Lewis G. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractFlannelmouth suckers Catostomus latipinnus and bluehead suckers C. discolobus in the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River are among the few native species to persist after river conditions changed with the completion of Glen Canyon Dam in 1963. To evaluate the effectiveness of adaptive management manipulations to the system for recovering native species, it is necessary to estimate basic demographic and population dynamic parameters for the species of interest, such as growth, mortality, and recruitment. With this in mind, we present a two‐stage analysis in which we first estimated growth and individual ages using a field‐based bioenergetics model and then input the age estimates into age‐structured mark–recapture (ASMR) models to estimate mortality and recruitment. The analysis was based on 18,500 flannelmouth suckers and 13,975 bluehead suckers that had been tagged with passive integrated transponder tags in the main‐stem Colorado River in Grand Canyon and its tributaries since 1989. The bioenergetics estimates of growth suggest that the growth of flannelmouth suckers is faster and that of bluehead suckers slower than in the tributaries reported in other studies. The results from the bioenergetics model provide necessary parameters for input into future ecosystem models. The ASMR models that include the effects of age‐specific gear vulnerability indicate that annual natural mortality rates are about 0.2 for flannelmouth suckers and 0.4 for bluehead suckers, which is in agreement with independent estimates from growth parameters and longevity. The estimates of age‐1 sucker recruitment and adult abundance correspond well with independent electrofishing catch rate data. The estimated recruitment and abundance estimates provide insights into the efficacy of adaptive management actions targeted to benefit native fishes over the past two decades.
Evaluation of Tannic Acid for Disinfection of Rainbow Trout Eggs
Authors: Wagner Eric J , Oplinger Randall W , Bartley Matthew 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Because of its bactericidal properties, tannic acid was evaluated as a potential egg disinfectant for rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. After water hardening, eggs were disinfected with tannic acid (2, 20, or 200 mg/L for 5 or 15 min) or with iodine (100 mg/L for 10 min; control). Hatch (83.7–93.4%) and deformity percentages (&lt;0.8%) did not significantly differ among treatments. Bacteriological data indicated that the percentage of eggs with no bacteria was significantly higher from the iodine treatment (87%) than from the tannic acid treatments (29.2–50.0%). Therefore, we found that tannic acid was safe to use on rainbow trout eggs at concentrations of up to 200 mg/L for 15 min, but the control of bacteria was inferior to that provided by the standard iodine treatment.