bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La fin du renversement des alliances : la France, l'Autriche et la déclaration de guerre du 20 avril 1792
Authors: Kaiser Thomas E. 
Published: May 2009

Thomas Kaiser, Reversing the reversal of alliances : France, Austria, and the declaration of war ofapril 20, 1792
Since the age of Jaurès, the dominant tendency among French Revolutionary historians of all political complexions has been to attribute the war of 1792 against Austria almost exclusively to the political maneuvers of pro-war factions, especially the Brissotins. The purpose of this article is to show that pro-war factions were compelled to evoke a credible threat, to which the only plausible solution was war. The myth of an « Austrian plot » certainly inclined the French to doubt Austrian intentions. But as regards the émigrés, the princes possessionés in Alsace/Lorraine, and the royal family, the Austrians, too, played a crucial role in the genesis of the war, thanks to provocative words and deeds on their part indicating that the Revolution was in danger. If the war was brought about by opportunistic factions, diplomacy, too, had to provide its own deadly poison.
Note philologique sur le manuscrit de Saint-Just faussement intitulé «De la nature»
Authors: Quennedey Anne 
Published: May 2009

Anne Quennedey, Philological note on the manuscript by Saint Just, wrongly intitled, De la Nature.
The editorial principles adopted since the seminal edition of 1951 by Albert Soboul of Saint Just's manuscript commonly called, De la Nature, need to be modified in several important respects. An examination of the manuscript shows that Saint Just entitled his work, Du Droit social ou Principes du droit naturel. The pages that editors placed at the end of their transcriptions of the manuscript are an old version, rapidly discarded, of this work. Several pages usually published with the Fragments sur les institutions républicaines constitute a third edition of Du Droit social. The theoretical differences between the versions are important, and in several places, Saint Just responded to the same problems with divergent, indeed opposite answers. A new « édition diplomatique » that would take into account the various levels of writing as well as deletions and corrections will enhance an understanding of this text that played a major role in the development of Saint Just's thought. In fact, it was in writing this work that Saint Just discovered the preponderant role of social relationships in politics.
Une télévision sans regard
Authors: Sfez Lucien 
Published: May 2009

On présente ici la télévision comme un dispositif qui a pour caractéristiques d'une part de ne pas solliciter le regard du spectateur, d'autre part de rester fortement attractif. Ces deux affirmations, prises séparément, peuvent paraître paradoxales, mais le paradoxe s'efface quand on lie les deux propositions.
Le credo progressiste est déjoué par la résistance de la télévision, qui ne cède en rien le terrain aux nouveaux médias. À quoi tient cette résistance ? Au fait que le spectateur ne regarde pas la télévision. Autrement dit, il trouve dans la projection d'un flux d'images un inestimable lieu pour la paresse, alors que tous les autres médias s'emploient à le faire agir.
Enfants-loups, enfant-mouton, enfants-ours, enfants seuls...
Authors: Strivay Lucienne 
Published: May 2009

Founding myths, miscellaneous items in the press, along with a long series of detailed witnesses reveal figures of children who grew up on the edge of the human world, in the company of beasts, sometimes, in solitude and réclusion. Following the stories of feral children amounts to considering in the long term every situation where hypotheses based on theories coming from various perspectives of thought could be evaluated by comparison with man in his "natural state".
Feral children seem to be inseparable from the problem of the great Nature /Culture divide and from the way in which our relationships with the non-human world are established.
L'étude des vestiges osseux du gisement acheuléen de Cagny-l'Epinette (Somme)
Authors: Moigne Anne Marie 
Published: May 2009

The site of Cagny-l'Epinette is located in the middle terrace of the River Somme, in the area of Amiens. The statigraphic position of the site is within Middle Terrace III, which represent the fourth glacial-interglacial cycle.
The conclusions presented in this paper are the result of palaeontological, taphonomic and archaeo- zoological analyses of the fauna from the fluvial deposits at the site. The fauna is comprised of the following species : Crocuta, Bos primigenius, Cervus elaphus L, Dama sp., Equus caballus mosba- chensis. This association of fauna types is interpreted as being classical for the Middle Pleistocene.
Skeletal remains of C. elaphus are the most common from this assemblage, followed by B. primigenius and E caballus. It is suggested here that the accumulation and distribution pattern of antlers, excavated from the site, are the result of human activity. It can also be shown that the majority of the herbivore remains represent young adults.
The large number of bones an fragments recovered from Cagny-l'Epinette enable comparisons to be made, with other Middle Pleistocene fluvial sites, on the basis of associations of species types, minimum numbers of individuals, age and sex of different species, together with the spatial distribution and preservation of the fauna.
The excavations at Cagny-l'Epinette, directed by A. Tuffreau, are still in progress and therefore the results presented here must be regarded as provisional, until work at the site is completed.
La faune et l'industrie osseuse de l'enceinte michelsberg de Maisy (Aisne) : approche économique, spatiale et régionale
Authors: Hachem Lamys 
Published: May 2009

The object of this article is to study the Maizy site (Aisne) with a view to characterising the fauna of the Michelsberg culture. This fauna is unknown in the Picardie region. A second objective is to contribute to the general issue of the Early Chalcolithic period. Further, the specific characteristics of the faunal remains according to various types of sites are emphasised.
The sample studied includes 4000 bones of which 40 % have been identified. Consequently, a list of each species and its respective proportions has been established. Noticeable diferences were observed in the composition of domestic animals and wild game compared to the Chasséen of the Oise region. The differences can be explained either by environnemental stresses due to the elevation of the Chasséen sites, or by cultural stresses. In each case, the type of fauna is different. The distinction could be resolved by a study of a Michelsberg site situated on the plateaus of the Aisne region. The Berry-au-Bac (Epi-Rössen site, Aisne) fauna are very similar to the Maizy site in spite of the different nature of the sites.
An environmental approach has been attempted by a biotic typing of the birds. A palynological and geomorphological analysis should be associated with This. Butchering cut marks have been examined along with the anatomical representations of the skeletal remains. They enable us to determine that wild animals were brought back whole to the site. Another research project was done to study the bone tools. This was to complete the faunal picture and, at the same time, determine selection of species by the bone tools used. This research adds new elements to the knowledge of the bone artefacts of the Michelsberg period.
A special analysis of the remains has been done in order to bring to light a possible settlement within the enclosure.
Curiously, similarities have been found in the distribution of archeological material in the Maizy and Bazoches (Aisne) sites. Once the excavation is finished, the Bazoches site will be the subject of an in depth analysis by the URA 1 2 team.
The absence of structures within the enclosure could be explained in terms of temporary habitation. While several clues indicate more intense activities between spring and fall, this conclusion remains to be confirmed by more precise analysis.
La libération du ciel à l'Est
Authors: Braasch Otto 
Published: May 2009

After a promising start in the twenties and thirties, the East German sky remained barred to aerial photography from start of the second world war onwards. The same applies to other east European countries. Their opening up, and the reunification of the two Germanies in particular, has again, since 1991, made archaeological flight possible. However, progress has been hampered by remaining bureaucratic habits.
The long delay inflicted to research has been compensated in part by an easier analysis of photographs : the vast areas of past collective agriculture have yielded staggering discoveries, such as the henge at Goseck. However the archaeologists, faced with the present infrastructure developments and road network extensions, are engaged in a race against time.
Les formations würmiennes de la pointe de Tancarville
Authors: Lautridou Jean Pierre , Dupeuple P. A. 
Published: May 2009

Une étude détaillée des formations würmiennes de la pointe de Tancarville a permis de distinguer de bas en haut :
— Une formation estuarienne contemporaine du Bas-Normannien ;
— Un dépôt de solifluxion, lavé à la base par la mer ;
— Une dune ravinée par des sables de ruissellement ;
— Une séquence tardiglaciaire constituant le quatrième cycle loessique du Würm dans le pays de Caux.
Observations de quelques pollens d'Oléacées au microscope électronique à balayage
Authors: Renault-Miskovsky Josette , Girard Michel , Trouin Michèle 
Published: May 2009

La détermination des différentes espèces d'Oléacées est d'un grand intérêt pour la connaissance des paléoclimats quaternaires, et plus particulièrement pour celle du climat méditerranéen.
Les études morphologiques des pollens d'Oléacées au microscope photonique sont souvent délicates ; leur étude détaillée au microscope électronique à balayage accompagnée d'une abondante illustration, aboutit ici à l'établissement d'une clé de détermination qui permet de perfectionner cette partie de la méthodologie palynologique.
Evolution de deux lagunes du Roussillon depuis le maximum marin holocène
Authors: Martin R. 
Published: May 2009

Le littoral du Roussillon est jalonné par deux complexes lagunaires ; celui de Canet - Saint-Nazaire et celui des Salses - Leucate. Leur remplissage sédimentaire s'inscrit dans les derniers épisodes de la transgression flandrienne et de l'évolution marginolittorale qui en résulte. Les caractères paléomorphologiques, bien que différents, déterminent grandement l'évolution des deux milieux (alimentation en matériel grossier à Leucate, formations de zones abritées à Canet).
En outre, on montre que le caractère hétérotaxe des lithofaciès lagunaires n'implique pas une pluralité des niveaux marins correspondants.
L'évolution Holocène de la végétation en Limousin
Authors: Denèfle Michelle , Valadas Bernard , Vilks A. , Lintz G. 
Published: May 2009

The geographical situation of the Limousin, midway between the Massif Central and the neighbouring plains of Charentes and Poitou makes it region of particular interest for the study of the evolution of holocene vegetation. Following G. Lemee'work, the pollen analysis of 7 peat-bog has been undertaken, it has been completed with botanical and prehistoric data and ¹⁴C datation.
Besides the major periods, having more affinities with the neighbouring plains than with the rest of the Massif Central, the study emphasizes the importance of transformations brought about by human settlement. One can distinguish two main types of peat bog : at an altitude on the Millevaches, the most ancient and the most complete, on the surrounding plateaux smaller and more recent connected with human settlement.
Une méthode de détermination de l'érodabilité des terrains quaternaires par traitement automatique des données cartographiées, à l'exemple de la région de Kristel - Oranais (Algérie)
Authors: Saadi A. , Vogt H. 
Published: May 2009

L'érodabilité des terrains est déterminée par l'étude des corrélations entre les manifestations de l'érosion et les variables explicatives de terrain (lithologie, pente, orientation) et de milieu (végétation, utilisation des terres). Une cartographie thématique sert de base au relevé des données, traitées successivement à des échelles différentes par les techniques de l'analyse factorielle des correspondances : Régression par A F.C., Nuées Dynamiques.
En résultent une explication des processus érosifs et une Échelle d'Érodabilité, qui permet la réalisation d'une Carte Prévisionnelle de l'Érodabilité, dans laquelle les terrains Quaternaires sont discriminés en fonction de leur mise en place.
Les dépôts et terrasses fluviatiles d'Aquitaine et du bassin de l'Allier
Authors: Texier Jean Pierre , Raynal Jean Paul 
Published: May 2009

The studies realized in Aquitaine and in the basin of Allier show a high correlation between paleoclimates and facies of fluviatile deposits : fine texture deposits reveal temperate, or fresh temperate , biostasical phases : coarse texture deposits reveal cold rhexistasical phases.
The phases of vertical erosion take generaly place between two successive fluviatile sequences; they probably happen during interglacial episodes.
Relations entre datations 14 C et analyse pollinique : l'exemple de l'intervalle 6000-4000 B.P. dans le Massif Central
Authors: Pons A , Reille Maurice , De Beaulieu Jacques Louis , Delibrias Georgette , Evin Jacques 
Published: May 2009

Radiocarbon measurements were made of thirty-eight cores from 18 sites distributing over the whole Massif Central which all contain different episodes of the major vegetational change that took place in the middle of the Postglacial.
Fourteen of the dates obtained provide a chronological schema of the vegetation dynamics, with which 12 dates are in agreement and 12 in disagreement.
Analysis of these three classes of dates shows that on the whole there are no significant differences between the quality of the results obtained at different laboratories and that a general estimate of the measurements can be made on a palaeœcological basis without questioning the physical method
This analysis mainly suggests that a cooperation from the beginning between palaeœcology and radiochronology is of utmost importance for an efficient research.
Les problèmes chronologiques posés par les phases de la récession würmienne dans la moyenne vallée du Rhône
Authors: Mandier Pierre 
Published: May 2009

Depuis longtemps, les phases de récession würmiennes du Bas-Dauphiné et de la Région Lyonnaise ont été étudiées en détail par les auteurs, mais sans aucun calage en chronologie absolue. En 1984, nous avons proposé d'attribuer le maximum d'extension glaciaire au Würm ancien (stade A de Béligneux > 35 000 B.P.) et les autres phases (stades B, C, D, E) à un Würm récent calé seulement par des corrélations avec les terrasses du Péage-de-Roussillon (fig. 1) datées de 19 000-20 000 à 14 000-15 000 B.P.
Plus récemment des sondages effectués dans le bassin de Malville et une datation absolue obtenue dans l'un d'eux constituaient des faits nouveaux susceptibles d'être contradictoires avec les résultats stratigraphiques rappelés ci-dessus. D'où la présentation de deux hypothèses de travail :
— la première consiste à admettre une déglaciation complète du piedmont avant le Pleni-Würm supérieur, mais cette solution, outre les problèmes de dynamique qu'elle pose quant aux profils en long des terrasses, est en contradiction avec le dispositif sédimentaire du bassin de Malville;
— la seconde, celle de culots de glace persistant dans les grands ombilics, notamment celui du Bouchage, permet de lever la contradiction et de rectifier partiellement notre ancienne façon de voir.
Stratigraphie des formations pléistocenes de Sangatte (Pas-de-Calais), d'après les premiers travaux du tunnel sous la Manche
Authors: Antoine Pierre 
Published: May 2009

This new study of Sangatte Pleistocene deposits, justified by the first digging-works of the Channel-Tunnel, is based on a detailled stratigraphical approach and completed by the micromorphological analysis of the pedostratigraphical level-marks. It has resulted to put in evidence a third glacial-interglacial cycle in the top of the raised beach cover deposits.
Those new data induce to bring-up again the problem of the Sangatte raised beach age, wich could be contemporary of the upper part of the Herzeele Formation, attributed to Holsteinian and the stage 9 of deap sea records.
Néotectonique de la Sologne et de la Champagne berrichonne (sud du Bassin de Paris). Apports et problèmes liés à l'utilisation du chevelu hydrographique.
Authors: Debrand Passard Serge , Fleury Régis , Lablanche Gérard , Debéglia Nicole 
Published: May 2009

La Sologne et la Champagne berrichonne sont situées dans le Sud du bassin de Paris. Ces régions présentent comme caractéristique commune d'avoir un faible relief et un contraste lithologique peu marqué. Elles sont de plus quasi dépourvues d'affleurements naturels ou artificiels. Dans un tel cadre la démarche du géologue est donc indirecte, essentiellement déductrice et s'appuie pour l'essentiel sur les données des sondages, les pierres remontées par les labours, l'étude du chevelu hydrographique, les éléments visibles sur les photographies aériennes et les images satellites. Enfin ces résultats sont confrontés avec ceux des études géophysiques.
L'étude néotectonique présentée ici est basée sur l'observation du chevelu hydrographique. Outre la reconnaissance des principaux ensembles lithologiques auxquels la région se prête bien le travail a porté essentiellement sur la mise en évidence de six directions de fracturation soulignées par des alignements et/ou des changements d'orientations de chevelu hydrographique. Les résultats sont comparés avec ceux acquis sur le terrain ou déduits de l'utilisation de la télédétection et de la géophysique.
La bonne corrélation entre ces données et celles tirées de l'emploi des autres méthodes montre l'intérêt du travail. Certains accidents sont confortés, d'autres voient s'accroître le faisceau de présomptions en faveur de leur existence. Quelques résultats paraissent encore mal expliqués et ouvrent la voie à de nouvelles recherches.
Critères géomorphologiques de néotectonique verticale dans l'Apennin central adriatique
Authors: Dufaure Jean Jacques , Bossuyt Dominique , Rasse Michel 
Published: May 2009

In the Mediterranean the general disposition of the main bulks of relief takes often the shape of broad ridges and swells; it is difficult to prove their quaternary uplift owing to the deep fluvial cutting of the landforms even if this cutting is due to the Neotectonics. This is the case with the Central Apennines which was superimposed from the Upper Pliocene upon the Apenninic folded belt, extended by fossilized folds under the Adriatic. The deformation of the Calabrian series certifies that the vertical Neotectonics is still alive, but it is not possible to measure it using some geomorphological criteria such as the study of an «envelope-surface» or the deformation or the analysis of the fluvial terraces. So we tried to find more available geomorphological data, based upon the research of remnants of piedmont forms and formations - very coarse breccia - arranged in stepped levels (Monte Acuto, Amandola, and, particularly, the Gran Sasso, at the foot of which the original Arapietra level is now uplifted to 1900 m). The number of continental quaternary levels which can be used to measure the uplift is enlarged up to 10 but there is some questions about the operating limitations of such a criterion.
Key-words: Neotectonics, Piedmonts, Apennines.
Neotectonics and recent seismic activity in the Eastern Corinthian Gulf, Greece. Geotechnical implications.
Authors: Rondoyanni Théodora , Koukis George 
Published: May 2009

Field analysis of Quaternary fault tectonics, in the area affected by the February-March 1981 earthquakes of the Corinthian gulf, have led to a reconstruction of its stress pattern. Using these field work results together with the measurements on the seismic surface ruptures, it is shown that the upper part of the continental crust is stretching to a N-S direction. It is also observed that this tensional direction is compatible with the tension axis deduced from focal mechanism analysis of the 1981 or previous shallow earthquakes of this region.
During these events, the release of seismic energy was facilitated mainly along fault zones activated on an E-W direction, and caused phenomena of surface ruptures, intense failures on the steep slopes, subsidences and vertical movements along the coasts. In addition, the field observations and the geotechnical mapping of the damaged villages showed the close relation among neotectonics, lithology and particular ground foundation conditions with the distribution of the seismic intensities.
Enregistrement-réponses des environnements sédimentaires et stratigraphie du Quaternaire. Exemples d'Achenheim (Alsace) et de la Grande Pile (Vosges)
Authors: Sommé Jean 
Published: May 2009

The reconstruction of a continuous space-time evolution is one of the aims of stratigraphy. It is interpreted from stratigraphie events recorded in the formations which are discontinuous morphosedimentary results. These events are responses of the environment to climatic and tectonic forces.
The records (stratigraphie units and boundaries) conceived as responses are systematically changing during climatic cycles according to the various sedimentary environments which differ by morphodynamical characters. The establishment of a general palaeoclimatic model and the precise palaeogeographical reconstruction (regions and areas) are based on their complementary data at different time-space scales.
Exemples are taken from significance comparison and correlation problems between peat bog records (Grande Pile, Vosges) and those of Northern France loess sequences (Achenheim, Alsace).
Depositional and post-depositional processes in rock shelters of Northern Italy during the Late Pleistocene. Their paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental significance
Authors: Cremaschi Mauro 
Published: May 2009

The fill of seven rock shelters and caves (Riparo di Fumane, Grotta della Ghiacciaia, Riparo Mezzena, Riparo Tagliente. Grotta della Paina, Grotta di S. Bernardino and Grotta del Broion) located in the Veneto Region (Northern Italy) have been studied by means of geo-pedological techniques. The stratigraphie sequences have been dated and correlated by means of radiocarbon dating and archeo- logical evidence included into the fills. Pollen analyses and mammal fauna provide an independent source of information to test the reliability of the geo-pedological techniques for the paleoenvironmental reconstruction.
The sedimentation and weathering of the deposit have been controlled by environmental factors and reflect several steps of climatic changes during glacial stages of the Late Pleistocene. Three pedo-sedimentary cycles have been distinguished : the first one is composed of colluvia intercalated by weakly developed soil horizons and has been originated in a wet and moderatly cold climate. The second one is composed of colluvial soil-sediments, thermoclastic breccia, loess, and soil horizons which represent successive climatic phases of a same cycle ranging respectively from a wet cold, wet very cold, dry cold climate to a temperate climate. The third one, while rarely well preserved, includes the same lithostratigraphic units of the previous one and it represents a succesive glacial cycle.
On the basis of the stratigraphie relationships of the lithic assemblages and of some radiocarbon datings, the first cycle is dated back to the beginning of the Wiirm glacial period and tentatively correlated to the stage S a-d of the isotopic record, the second cycle is correlated to the isotopic stages 3-4 and should represent the first pleniglacial period of the Late Pleistocene; the third cycle, correlated to stage 2, represents the second pleniglacial period.