bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anaesthesia and analgesia of the donkey and the mule
Authors: Matthews N. , van Loon J. P. A. M. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryThe number of donkeys and mules throughout the world is stable, and awareness of their use and concern for welfare, pain recognition and treatment are receiving increasing veterinary interest. Therefore, accurate information about anaesthesia and analgesia in donkeys and mules is important to ever more equine practitioners. Since donkeys are physiologically and pharmacologically different from horses, knowledge on species specific aspects of anaesthesia and analgesia are very important. Mules combine elements from both donkey and horse backgrounds, leading to great diversity in size, temperament and body type. Physiologically, they seem to resemble horses more than donkeys. This review highlights the current knowledge on various anaesthetic and analgesic approaches in donkeys and mules. There is still much information that is not available about donkeys; in many circumstances, the clinician must use available equine information to treat the patient, while monitoring carefully to observe for differences in response to therapy compared to the horse.
Length variation and repetitive sequences of Internal Transcribed Spacer of ribosomal RNA gene, diagnostics and relationships of populations of potato rot nematode, Ditylenchus destructor Thorne, 1945 (Tylenchida: Anguinidae)
Authors: Subbotin Sergei A. , Deimi Abbas Mohammad , Zheng Jingwu , Chizhov Vladimir N. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Seventy-eight ITS rRNA gene sequences obtained from the potato rot nematode,
Ditylenchus destructor, collected across the world from
different hosts were compared and analysed. The ITS rRNA gene sequences
showed significant length variation between populations. The differences in
this rRNA fragment length were due to the presence of repetitive elements in
the ITS1, which were characterised by relatively higher rates of
substitution changes. Reconstruction of secondary structure for the ITS1
revealed that these minisatellites formed a stem structure. Phylogenetic
analyses of ITS rRNA and D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA gene sequences
showed that all studied populations clustered in two major clades: a group
of populations having the ITS sequences with the repetitive elements and a
group of populations without the repetitive elements in the ITS. We propose
to distinguish seven ITS rRNA haplotypes within potato rot nematode
populations. PCR-ITS-RFLP diagnostic profiles are presented for these ITS
haplotypes and usefulness of recently developed PCR methods with
species-specific primers for D. destructor are analysed and
discussed.
Effects of cyst components and low temperature exposure of Heterodera glycines eggs on juvenile hatching in vitro
Authors: Masler Edward P. , Rogers Stephen T. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe effects of low temperature treatment of Heterodera glycines eggs and the interaction of this treatment with egg condition and cyst influences were examined in vitro. Exposure of eggs to 5°C for 1 week followed by a return to normal culture temperature resulted in a 25-33% reduction in hatch after 2 weeks at 28°C but there was no effect on the timing of hatch. Hatch from encysted eggs was 40% lower than from free eggs at 2 weeks, and hatch from low temperature-encysted eggs was more than 60% lower during the same period. Encystment also altered the timing of hatch relative to free eggs from the same cohort. Hatch from free eggs in the presence of cyst contents was accelerated relative to free eggs without cyst contents, but the total cumulative percent hatch was not increased. Reduction in hatch as a result of low temperature treatment was significant only if the treatment was applied prior to the first juvenile stage (J1). J1 were not affected relative to the hatch of second-stage juveniles (J2). However, the effect of low temperature on earlier stages was not detected until development ceased at early J1 and later J1. Also, low temperature treatment affected the apparent locomotion of some newly hatched J2; 16-fold more J2 from treated eggs were retained on 30 μm pore sieves than those from control eggs. The depression of hatch by low temperature egg treatment was apparently the result of the residual effects on early embryo stages, leading to arrest of development prior to J2.
Effect of soil salinity on entomopathogenic nematode survival and behaviour
Authors: Nielsen Anne L. , Spence Kenneth O. , Nakatani Jamie , Lewis Edwin E. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Soil salinity, measured as electroconductivity (dS m–1), is a
major problem in crop production, including areas where entomopathogenic
nematodes (EPN) are applied as biological control agents. EPN species,
primarily Heterorhabditis, have been isolated from coastal
areas and agricultural soils with high salinity (> 4.0
dS m–1). Given the aqueous nature of their environment, soil
salinity may play an important role in EPN movement and host finding. We
assessed the survival of Steinernema riobrave, S.
glaseri, Heterorhabditis indica, H.
sonorensis and H. bacteriophora exposed to
saline soils within the range found in agricultural soils. Survival and
infectivity were generally unaffected by salinities ranging from 0 to 50 dS
m–1 (50 dS m–1 is similar to the salinity of
seawater). Salinity had been shown to negatively impact foraging in
S. riobrave so additional experiments analysing the
behaviour and attraction to host cues by S. riobrave and
H. indica were conducted. Agar-based behavioural assays
revealed species-specific responses to salinity. At the higher salinity
levels (30 and 50 dS m–1) movement of H. indica
decreased, the path taken was more circuitous and individuals did not move
toward a host. There was a strong antagonistic effect on H.
indica motility and host-finding behaviour. No significant
differences were observed for S. riobrave exposed to any of
these salinity levels. However, under simulated field conditions, high
saline conditions (30 and 50 dS m–1) reduced the distance both
H. indica and S. riobrave travelled
toward a host. Both species are used for biological control of weevil pests
in orchards where salinities have been recorded up to 20 dS m–1.
Field efficacy of EPN applied for biological control in saline soils may be
improved by timing applications to avoid late season build-up of salts in
irrigated crops and applying the appropriate EPN species.
Tra esoterismo, New Age e mistica cristiana: le dottrine del « Cerchio Firenze 77 »
Authors: Baroni Francesco 
Published: September 2011

AbstractOne of the most interesting features of the 20th-century esoteric revival in Italy is the rise of a lively spiritualist culture. Many spiritualist groups, while still paying attention to physical phenomena (levitation, apports, etc.), produced a rich doctrinal literature of increasingly sophisticated content. The 'Cerchio Firenze 77' is certainly the most famous among these groups. It emerged around the Florentine medium Roberto Setti (1930–1984) and was active throughout the 1950s, the 1960s and the 1970s. The doctrines exposed by the 'Masters' to the participants in the séances show a complex interweaving of esoteric themes, mystical ideas and scientific concepts that made the works of 'Cerchio' highly successful, and comparable to the great classics of 20th-century channeling, such as Jane Roberts's 'Seth books'.
'Spiritus et angeli sunt a Deo submissi sapienti et puro': il frammento del Magisterium eumantice artis sive scientiae magicalis. Edizione e attribuzione a Berengario Ganello
Authors: Gehr Damaris 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWith this article I aim to introduce the only known fragment of the Magisterium eumantice artis sive scientiae magicalis, an anonymous Christian text on magic preserved in a Florentine manuscript of the late fifteenth century. Five sections are included: an analysis of the work's title and my suggestion for its emendation; an analysis of the fragment's contents, related to my attribution of the text to Berengarius Ganellus, a Spanish author known to have written the Summa sacre magice in Perpignan in 1346; the dating of the work; some observations on the historiographical interpretation of medieval necromancy; an appendix with the first edition of the fragment of the Magisterium.
Jewish-Muslim Veneration at Pilgrimage Places in the Holy Land
Authors: Berger Pamela 
Published: September 2011

AbstractFor millennia human communities have designated certain sites as sacred and nowhere more so than in the Holy Land. The Bible records that Canaanites worshipped in “high places,” and the prophets railed against the Israelites for continuing the practice. Jesus castigated the Pharisees for adorning the tombs of the prophets. When Jews were expelled from Jerusalem, those who remained on the land did not abandon their devotion to the holy sites. When the Muslims arrived they continued the practice of visiting the tombs of those figures mentioned in both the Bible and the Quran. Throughout the Middle Ages and into the modern period Muslims and Jews wrote about their visits to these jointly-venerated tombs. Jews made illustrated scrolls, wall hangings, and other works of art depicting these sites, representing the shrines with prominent Islamic crescents on top, an indication that Jewish viewers felt no discomfort at the use of this iconography. The Jewish valorization of the Islamic crescent atop shrines common to Jews and Muslims reflects a relationship very different from that existing between the two cultures today.
“Earth has clear call of daily bells”: Nature’s Apocalyptic Liturgy in Christina Rossetti’s Verses
Authors: Heady Faulstick Chene 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis essay reconsiders Charles Ryder’s religious conversion in Brideshead Revisited in terms of a primarily emotional conversion. When reading the novel as a pilgrimage to passion, readers can see in Charles a legitimate, convincing emotional conversion, which should—when emphasizing traditional Catholic ideals—ultimately also be understood as a religious conversion. Charles’s emotional interaction with Catholicism includes his intimate, formative relationship with the Catholic Flyte family, especially Sebastian, and aspects of his career as a Baroque artist, as Baroque art is often identified with Catholicism. It also includes Charles’s disenchantment with both the soullessness of war, which drains its participants of any emotional experience, and the modern world, which lacks connection to depth and tradition. Finally, the emotive power of his inadvertent pilgrimage to Brideshead also connects Charles to Catholicism as the house facilitates Charles’s memories of his religious experience at Lord Marchmain’s deathbed, his artistic conversion to Baroque art, and his passionate friendship with Sebastian. Such a broad definition of Catholicism calls for an expansive understanding of religion, but it is this kind of a religious understanding that Brideshead Revisited recommends.
Moral Contagion Attitudes towards Potential Organ Transplants in British and Japanese Adults
Authors: Hood Bruce M. , Gjersoe Nathalia L. , Donnelly Katherine , Byers Alison , Itajkura Shoji 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
In two studies we investigated whether people evidence an effect of moral contamination with respect to hypothetical organ transplants. This was achieved by asking participants to make judgements after presenting either positive or negative background information about the donor. In the first study, positive/negative background information had a corresponding effect on three judgements with attitudes to a heart transplant most pronounced by negative background information relative to good information and controls. This effect was replicated in the second study with both heart and liver transplantation. Negative effects were stronger than positive effects in all conditions consistent with a negativity bias, but again stronger with regards to organs than controls. These results confirm findings from surveys that reveal real patients are concerned about moral contamination following organ transplantation and show that this bias in evident even in hypothetical, non-life-threatening scenarios. In a third study we found a significantly stronger moral contagion effect in Japanese relative to English participants, suggesting that concerns about moral contagion may be moderated by culture.
Male Sexual Orientation and Avuncularity in Canada: Implications for the Kin Selection Hypothesis
Authors: Forrester Deanna L. , VanderLaan Doug P. , Parker Jessica L. , Vasey Paul L. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Androphilia refers to sexual attraction and arousal to adult males, whereas gynephilia refers to sexual attraction and arousal to adult females. The Kin Selection Hypothesis (KSH) posits that genes for male androphilia can persist if androphilic males offset the fitness costs of not reproducing directly by enhancing indirect fitness. In theory, by directing altruistic behavior toward kin, androphilic males can increase the reproduction of kin, thereby enhancing indirect fitness. Evidence supporting the KSH has been documented in Samoa. Samoan transgendered, androphilic males, known locally as fa’afafine, are socially accepted by the majority of Samoans. In contrast, no supportive evidence has been garnered from other cultures (i.e., USA, UK, Japan) that are characterized by less social tolerance toward male androphiles. Tests of the KSH in Canada might be more likely to yield findings consistent with Samoa because Canadian social and political attitudes toward male androphiles are markedly more tolerant and accepting. Here, we compared the willingness of Canadian androphilic men, gynephilic men, and androphilic women to invest in nieces and nephews as well as in non-kin children. Consistent with the KSH and findings from Samoa, androphilic men exhibited a significantly greater cognitive dissociation between altruistic tendencies directed toward kin versus non-kin children relative to gynephilic men and androphilic women. The present study, therefore, provides some tentative support for the KSH from a culture other than Samoa. Findings and future directions for research are considered within the context of the existing cross-cultural literature.
The Isomorphism of Space, Time and Matter in Seventeenth-century Natural Philosophy
Authors: Palmerino Carla Rita 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis article documents the general tendency of seventeenth-century natural philosophers, irrespective of whether they were atomists or anti-atomists, to regard space, time and matter as magnitudes having the same internal composition. It examines the way in which authors such as Fromondus, Basson, Sennert, Arriaga, Galileo, Magnen, Descartes, Gassendi, Charleton as well as the young Newton motivated their belief in the isomorphism of space, time and matter, and how this belief reflected on their views concerning the relation between geometry and physics. Special attention is paid to the fact that most of the authors mentioned above regarded rarefaction and condensation, on the one hand, and acceleration and deceleration, on the other hand, as analogous phenomena, which consequently had to be explained in similar terms.
Conversion and the Alignments of Colonial Culture
Authors: Peterson Derek R. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis essay – composed to honor Of Revelation and Revolution on its twentieth anniversary – argues that conversion was a means by which hegemonic cultural discourses were rendered subject to examination. The focus is on the East African Revival, a Christian conversion movement that began in Rwanda and spread throughout east Africa over the course of the 1940s and 50s. Following the directions given in Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress, revivalists sorted through cultural property, identified their sins, and set themselves in motion toward another world. Their path set them at a tangent from the dialectics of the colonial encounter. In the study of the Revival we can see conversion as a political action that unsettles the alignments of colonial culture.
A Revised Framework for Analyzing Soil Moisture Memory in Climate Data: Derivation and Interpretation
Authors: Seneviratne Sonia I. , Koster Randal D. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
A revised framework for the analysis of soil moisture memory characteristics of climate models and observational data is derived from the approach proposed by Koster and Suarez. The resulting equation allows the expression of the month-to-month soil moisture autocorrelation as a function of 1) the initial soil moisture variability, 2) the (atmospheric) forcing variability over the considered time period, 3) the correlation between initial soil moisture and subsequent forcing, 4) the sensitivity of evaporation to soil moisture, and 5) the sensitivity of runoff to soil moisture. A specific new feature is the disentangling of the roles of initial soil moisture variability and forcing variability, which were both (for the latter indirectly) contributing to the seasonality term of the original formulation. In addition, a version of the framework entirely based on explicit equations for the underlying relationships (i.e., independent of soil moisture statistics at the following time step) is proposed. The validity of the derived equation is exemplified with atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) simulations from the Global Land–Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (GLACE).
Nickel-catalyzed Heteroannulation of o-Haloanilines with Alkynes
Authors: Yoshida Yuji , Kurahashi Takuya , Matsubara Seijiro 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed heteroannulation has been developed where o-haloanilines react with alkynes to afford 2,3-disubstituted indoles. IPr (1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) was found to be an effective ligand for the reaction.
pH-Responsive Self-assembly of Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Fang Yun , Pang Ping-Ping , Lai Zhong-Yu 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
As a simulacrum of random copolymer poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid), partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) self-assembled into polymeric micelles in pure aqueous solution in pH response. Spherical nanoparticles (D = 150 nm) were generated at pH 12, and giant semihexagonal nanoplates (450 nm × 250 nm × 50 nm) were obtained at pH 1.3, but no visible micelles were observed in pH 3–10. This is important for drug release considering the pH environment in human stomach and intestines. The giant semihexagonal micelles obtained at pH 1.3 are hierarchical multivesicular vesicles with the structure of (hydrophilic inner vesicle)@(hydrophobic continuous cyst wall)@(hydrophilic shell). These multivesicular vesicles were formed because the random copolymer has a random distribution of the hydrophilic units in the hydrophobic core. In addition, a new contrast enhancing strategy by in situ reduction gold doping that we established was efficient at illuminating the nanostructure of polymeric micelles with low contrast, and this strategy came with a way to obtain polymer nanoparticles smaller than 20 nm.
Photocatalytic activity, hydrophilic and optical properties of nanocrystalline titania thin films prepared by sol-gel dip coating
Authors: Ferrara M.C. , Pilloni L. , Mevoli A. , Mazzarelli S. , Tapfer L. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTNanocrystalline anatase titania thin films were prepared by using two different precursor solutions, a highly acid solution (Sol-1) and a polymer-like solution (Sol-2), via the dip-coating technique on different substrates (<100>-Si wafer, fused silica and soda lime glass). The influence of the two sol-gel titania precursor solutions and of the substrate type on the film morphology, coating porosity, surface roughness, crystalline phases and grain size of the titania films were investigated. Our experimental results clearly indicate that the sol - composition and substrate type remarkably influence the microstructural/morphological properties of the titanium dioxide. They consequently modify the optical response and hydrophilic performances of the samples. The photocatalytic oxidations of the methylene blue in water of the samples grown on the glass substrate were monitored to investigate the influence of the sol-gel precursor solution on the photocatalytic activity of the titania coatings, and the results were put in relation with the hydrophilic and optical properties of the films. The outcome demonstrates that the optical properties and the hydrophilic and photocatalytic performances of nanocrystalline titania can be opportunely tailored tuning the size dimension of the crystalline domain according to the specific coating applications.
Promoting effect of the alloy formation over Ni-Fe/Al2O3 catalysts for the steam reforming of biomass tar to synthesis gas
Authors: Wang Lei , Li Dalin , Koike Mitsuru , Nakagawa Yoshinao , Tomishige Keiichi 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThe addition of Fe addition with suitable amount to Ni /Al2O3 catalyst showed higher catalytic performance than corresponding monometallic Ni and Fe catalysts in the steam reforming of tar from the pyrolysis of cedar wood. Characterization of the catalysts indicates the formation of the Ni-Fe alloys and the surface segregation of Fe atoms on the alloys, and it was also suggested that the structure was almost maintained during the reaction. The surface Fe atoms accept oxygen atom from steam and subsequently supply oxygen species to adsorbed carbonaceous species on neighboring surface Ni atoms, which is connected to the promotion of the steam reforming reaction of tar and the suppression of the coke formation.
Magnetic Quantum Oscillations from Surface States of Bi Nanowires
Authors: Konopko L. A. , Huber T. E. , Nikolaeva A. A. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTIn this work, we report the results of studies of the transverse magnetoresistance (MR) of single-crystal Bi nanowires with diameter d<80 nm. The single-crystal nanowire samples were prepared by the Taylor-Ulitovsky technique. Due to the semimetal-to-semiconductor transformation and high density of surface states with strong spin-orbit interactions, the charge carriers are confined to the conducting tube made of surface states. The non monotonic changes of transverse MR that are equidistant in a direct magnetic field were observed at low temperatures in a wide range of magnetic fields up to 14 T. The period of oscillations depends on the wire diameter d as for the case of longitudinal MR. An interpretation of transverse MR oscillations is presented.
Slow Aggregation of Titania Nanocrystals in Acidic Hydrosols
Authors: Pavlova-Verevkina Olga , Ozerina Ludmila , Golubko Natalia , Chemseddine Abdelkrim 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThe kinetics of slow aggregation of monodisperse TiO2 nanocrystals in the acidic hydrosols at room temperature was studied for months by turbidimetry. The dependence of the initial rate of aggregation on the pH was calculated. The comparison of results obtained by turbidimetry and small angle X-ray scattering permits to suppose that very loose aggregates form at the low pH in HCl solution. The dependencies obtained in this work for room temperature can be taken into consideration at the tuning of TiO2 nanoparticles morphology through thermal treatment of hydrosols.
Hydrazine oxidation at preferentially oriented Pt (100) nanowires array electrodes
Authors: Garbarino S. , Ponrouch A. , Bertin E. , Guay D. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTIn this study, platinum was electroplated onto bare Ti substrates (Pt black) and through a porous AAO membrane (Pt nanowires). The morphology of the deposits was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Preferential orientation along the (100) direction into the bulk material was evidenced through XRD analysis, as well as at the nanowire surface by using electrochemical characterization. These highly oriented Pt nanowires exhibited an increased activity for the electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrazine oxidation, as compared to Pt black.