bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory effects of 5-chloroacetyl-2-piperidino-1,3-selenazole, a novel selenium-containing compound, on skin melanin biosynthesis
Authors: Lee Eunjoo H , Lim Yu-Ji , Ha Sang Keun , Kang Tong Ho , Koketsu Mamoru , Kang Chulhun , Kim Sun Yeou , Park Ji-Ho 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Objectives
Increased production and accumulation of melanin leads to many hyperpigmentation disorders such as melasma, freckles and geriatric pigment spots. Thus, there is a need for the development of depigmenting agents. Based on our previous reports, selenium derivatives as anti-melanogenic lead compounds could be very important. The aim of this study was to investigate the depigmenting effect of novel selenium-containing compounds.

Methods
The inhibitory effects of 5-chloroacetyl-2-piperidino-1,3-selenazole (CS1), a novel selenium-containing compound, on melanogenesis were investigated in B16F10 melanoma cells and cultured brownish guinea pig skin tissue with α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone stimulation.

Key findings
We found that CS1 inhibited melanin production in B16F10 cells by suppressing tyrosinase activity and its protein expression. In addition, Western blotting analysis revealed that CS1 suppressed the expression of tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1 and TRP-2. Therefore, the depigmenting effect of CS1 might have been due to inhibition of tyrosinase activity and expression of melanogenic enzymes. Furthermore, CS1 had inhibitory effects on melanin biosynthesis of primary cultured skin of brownish guinea pig.

Conclusions
The results suggested that CS1 could be a useful candidate for the treatment of skin hyperpigmentation.
Pharmacokinetic interaction between puerarin and edaravone, and effect of borneol on the brain distribution kinetics of puerarin in rats
Authors: Gao Chunyan , Li Xiaorong , Li Yuhang , Wang Lijuan , Xue Ming 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectivesThe aim was to investigate the pharmacokinetic interaction between puerarin and edaravone, and the effect of borneol on the brain distribution kinetics of puerarin in rats.MethodsA reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of puerarin and edaravone in rat plasma. The detection method was successfully applied to compare the pharmacokinetic interaction and brain distribution kinetics of puerarin and edaravone using in-situ microdialysis sampling in rats after intravenous administration and co-administration with a single dose.Key findingsThe method gave good linearity and no endogenous material interfered with the two target compounds and internal standard peaks. The limit of detection of puerarin and edaravone was 0.03 and 0.05 μg/ml, respectively. The average recovery of the two compounds from rat plasma was &gt;94%. The precision of the test was determined to be within 10%. The combination of puerarin and edaravone reduced drug elimination rates, gave a wider distribution, and the disposition of both drugs in rats was optimized. The distribution of puerarin in brain tissues was significantly increased and its elimination was noticeably slower with borneol pretreatment.ConclusionsThe results provide important information for the improved combined use of puerarin and edaravone with borneol pretreatment in clinical practice.
Reversal of P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance in vitro by doramectin and nemadectin
Authors: Gao Aili , Wang Xiangjing , Xiang Wensheng , Liang Hongsheng , Gao Jiguo , Yan Yijun 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Objectives
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a serious obstacle encountered in cancer treatment. This study was performed to explore the reversal of MDR by doramectin from the avermectin family and nemadectin belonging to the milbemycin family.

Methods
The MTT assay was used to evaluate the abilities of the two compounds to reverse drug resistance in adriamycin-resistant human breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7/adr). Intracellular accumulation of adriamycin was determined by HPLC. The effects of the two compounds on inhibiting P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux was demonstrated by accumulation of rhodamine 123 in MCF-7/adr cells. To investigate the mechanism of reversal by the two compounds, the expressions of P-gp and the MDR1 gene encoding P-gp were tested by flow cytometry and reverse-transcriptase PCR.

Key findings
Doramectin and nemadectin at the high dose of 8 μmol/l significantly increased the sensitivity of MCF-7/adr cells to adriamycin by 49.35- and 23.97-fold, respectively. They also increased the intracellular accumulation of adriamycin and rhodamine 123 in MCF-7/adr cells in a dose-dependent manner. Expression of both P-gp and MDR1 were down-regulated.

Conclusions
Doramectin and nemadectin are promising agents for overcoming MDR in cancer therapy. Doramectin was more potent in reversing MDR.
Anthony Trollope and the Voicing of Victorian Fiction
Authors: Lewis Monica C. 
Published: October 2010

Monica C. Lewis, "Anthony Trollope and the Voicing of Victorian Fiction" (pp. 141–165)
Although critics have read the intrusive nature of Anthony Trollope's narrators as everything from suicidal to cordial, little to no attention has been paid to the larger context in which these intrusions would have been voiced or to Trollope's carefully constructed relationship to the interpretive community upon which his literary livelihood depended. Well aware that his novels would be read aloud to his Victorian audience, Trollope adopted a particularly "modern" approach to the questions of audience and reception. At the moment of articulation, this essay argues, the voice of Trollope's author-narrator welcomes his listeners into a critical dialogue that calls into question not only the aesthetics of fiction but also moral and ethical codes, the construction of "character," and an increasingly modern world. Trollope's novel of life in the employ of the civil service, The Three Clerks (1858), is a heretofore-neglected case in point. The novel's protagonist, Charley Tudor, is both a clerk and an aspiring novelist; the reading aloud of his manuscript to an assembled company of admirers serves as a showcase for the ways in which Trollope expected his audience to engage with his own narratives. Drawing upon theories of reading and reception, recent scholarship on nineteenth-century reading practices and Trollope's negotiation of modernity, and evidence from Trollope's own experiences as a reader and writer, this essay exposes Anthony Trollope as a novelist whose ambivalent engagement with modernity found its expression in the dialogical space he created among author-narrator, reader, and listener.
"This Immense Expense of Art": George Eliot and John Ruskin on Consumption and the Limits of Sympathy
Authors: Coit Emily 
Published: October 2010

Emily Coit, "'This Immense Expense of Art': George Eliot and John Ruskin on Consumption and the Limits of Sympathy" (pp. 214–245)
This essay attempts to better our understanding of George Eliot's conservatism by examining a body of ideas about consumption and moral obligation that she and John Ruskin share. I use a discussion of consumer ethics to explore the moral logic of their conservatism by examining the role of the aesthetic within it. Economic consumption and the aesthetic are subjects inextricably connected, not just because the discourses of political economy and aesthetics have a shared origin in eighteenth-century moral philosophy, but also because the discourse of aesthetics has long served to legitimize select modes and acts of consumption. By marking out a limit where one may reasonably cease to sympathize and instead devote energy (and money) to personal gratification, the treatment of consumption in George Eliot's Middlemarch (1871) offers an important articulation of moral thought. Eliot suggests that aesthetic pleasure can make consumption morally defensible, but she also anticipates Pierre Bourdieu's critique of the aesthetic: her novel represents both the display of cultural capital and the exercise of the aesthetic disposition as ways of maintaining social and economic hierarchies. She thus at once critiques and participates in the system within which the aesthetic functions to preserve social and political stasis. Using John Ruskin's economic writings to expose Middlemarch as a novel of consumer ethics, this essay examines Eliot's representation of personal economic consumption as an emergent mode of social and political agency that might operate productively within that stasis.
Contributions of Flowering Time Genes to Sunflower Domestication and Improvement
Authors: Blackman Benjamin K , Rasmussen David A , Strasburg Jared L , Raduski Andrew R , Burke John M , Knapp Steven J , Michaels Scott D , Rieseberg Loren H 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDetermining the identity and distribution of molecular changes leading to the evolution of modern crop species provides major insights into the timing and nature of historical forces involved in rapid phenotypic evolution. In this study, we employed an integrated candidate gene strategy to identify loci involved in the evolution of flowering time during early domestication and modern improvement of the sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Sunflower homologs of many genes with known functions in flowering time were isolated and cataloged. Then, colocalization with previously mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs), expression, or protein sequence differences between wild and domesticated sunflower, and molecular evolutionary signatures of selective sweeps were applied as step-wise criteria for narrowing down an original pool of 30 candidates. This process led to the discovery that five paralogs in the FLOWERING LOCUS T/TERMINAL FLOWER 1 gene family experienced selective sweeps during the evolution of cultivated sunflower and may be the causal loci underlying flowering time QTLs. Our findings suggest that gene duplication fosters evolutionary innovation and that natural variation in both coding and regulatory sequences of these paralogs responded to a complex history of artificial selection on flowering time during the evolution of cultivated sunflower.
Mutual Antagonism Between the Anaphase Promoting Complex and the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Contributes to Mitotic Timing in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Bezler Alexandra , Gönczy Pierre 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) triggers the separation of sister chromatids and exit from mitosis across eukaryotic evolution. The APC/C is inhibited by the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) until all chromosomes have achieved bipolar attachment, but whether the APC/C reciprocally regulates the SAC is less understood. Here, we report the characterization of a novel allele of the APC5 component SUCH-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans. We find that some such-1(t1668) embryos lack paternally contributed DNA and centrioles and assemble a monopolar spindle in the one-cell stage. Importantly, we show that mitosis is drastically prolonged in these embryos, as well as in embryos that are otherwise compromised for APC/C function and assemble a monopolar spindle. This increased duration of mitosis is dependent on the SAC, since inactivation of the SAC components MDF-1/MAD1 or MDF-2/MAD2 rescues proper timing in these embryos. Moreover, partial depletion of the E1 enzyme uba-1 significantly increases mitosis duration upon monopolar spindle assembly. Taken together, our findings raise the possibility that the APC/C negatively regulates the SAC and, therefore, that the SAC and the APC/C have a mutual antagonistic relationship in C. elegans embryos.
Insulin/Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling Controls Non-Dauer Developmental Speed in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Ruaud Anne-Françoise , Katic Iskra , Bessereau Jean-Louis 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Identified as a major pathway controlling entry in the facultative dauer diapause stage, the DAF-2/Insulin receptor (InsR) signaling acts in multiple developmental and physiological regulation events in Caenorhabditis elegans. Here we identified a role of the insulin-like pathway in controlling developmental speed during the C. elegans second larval stage. This role relies on the canonical DAF-16/FOXO-dependent branch of the insulin-like signaling and is largely independent of dauer formation. Our studies provide further evidence for broad conservation of insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) functions in developmental speed control.
Functional Redundancy of Paralogs of an Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome Subunit in Caenorhabditis elegans Meiosis
Authors: Stein Kathryn K , Nesmith Jessica E , Ross Benjamin D , Golden Andy 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) mediates the metaphase-to-anaphase transition by instructing the ubiquitination and turnover of key proteins at this stage of the cell cycle. We have recovered a gain-of-function allele in an APC5 subunit of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome. This finding led us to investigate further the role of APC5 in Caenorhabditis elegans, which contains two APC5 paralogs. We have shown that these two paralogs, such-1 and gfi-3, are coexpressed in the germline but have nonoverlapping expression patterns in other tissues. Depletion of such-1 or gfi-3 alone does not have a notable effect on the meiotic divisions; however, codepletion of these two factors results in meiotic arrest. In sum, the two C. elegans APC5 paralogs have a redundant function during the meiotic divisions.
Enterovirus RNA in Blood Is Linked to the Development of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Oikarinen Sami , Martiskainen Mika , Tauriainen Sisko , Huhtala Heini , Ilonen Jorma , Veijola Riitta , Simell Olli , Knip Mikael , Hyöty Heikki 
Published: October 2010

OBJECTIVE
To assess whether the detection of enterovirus RNA in blood predicts the development of clinical type 1 diabetes in a prospective birth cohort study. Further, to study the role of enteroviruses in both the initiation of the process and the progression to type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a nested case-control study where all case children (N = 38) have progressed to clinical type 1 diabetes. Nondiabetic control children (N = 140) were pairwise matched for sex, date of birth, hospital district, and HLA-DQ–conferred genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes. Serum samples, drawn at 3- to 12-month intervals, were screened for enterovirus RNA using RT-PCR.

RESULTS
Enterovirus RNA–positive samples were more frequent among the case subjects than among the control subjects. A total of 5.1% of the samples (17 of 333) in the case group were enterovirus RNA–positive compared with 1.9% of the samples (19 of 993) in the control group (P &lt; 0.01). The strongest risk for type 1 diabetes was related to enterovirus RNA positivity during the 6-month period preceding the first autoantibody-positive sample (odds ratio 7.7 [95% CI 1.9–31.5]). This risk effect was stronger in boys than in girls.

CONCLUSIONS
The present study supports the hypothesis that enteroviruses play a role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, especially in the initiation of the β-cell damaging process. The enterovirus-associated risk for type 1 diabetes may be stronger in boys than in girls.
The effect of vitamin C on amiodarone-induced toxicity in rat thymocytes
Authors: Cekic S. , Pavlovic D. , Sarac M. , Kamenov B. , Dimic A. , Pavlovic V. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Although, the antiarrhythmic effect of amiodarone (AMD) is well characterized, the mechanism of its toxicity on extracardiac tissues is still poorly understood. Several antioxidants have been shown to prevent AMD-induced toxicity by antioxidant and/or non-antioxidant mechanisms. In the current study, we evaluated the possible protective effect, in vitro, of vitamin C on AMD-induced toxicity in rat thymocytes. Rat thymocytes were cultured with increasing AMD concentrations (1–20 μM) with or without vitamin C (1000 μg/ml), for 24 hours. Cells treatment with AMD resulted in a concentration-dependent increase of hypodiploid cells and a significant decrease in cellular glutathione content. Vitamin C combined with AMD significantly decreased the proportion of hypodiploid cells and markedly increased the cellular glutathione content, compared with AMD treatment alone. These results suggest that treatment with vitamin C may prevent AMD-induced toxicity in rat thymocytes by restoring cellular glutathione content.
Efficacy of carbon dioxide for diagnosis and intervention in patients with failing hemodialysis access
Authors: Kariya Shuji , Tanigawa Noboru , Kojima Hiroyuki , Komemushi Atsushi , Shiraishi Tomokuni , Kawanaka Toshiaki , Sawada Satoshi 
Published: October 2010

Background: Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the only proven safe intravascular contrast agent in renal failure and contrast allergy. The use of CO2 as a contrast agent for the evaluation of failing dialysis fistulas has the potential to preserve residual renal function by eliminating the use of contrast material or decreasing the amount used for fistulograms. Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of fistulography using CO2 for diagnosis and intervention in patients with failing hemodialysis access. Material and Methods: Dialysis access failure occurred in 94 patients (54 men, 40 women; mean age, 65 years; range, 32–89 years) on 146 occasions. CO2 was used as the first-choice contrast agent for fistulography and PTA. Fistulography was performed with the injection of CO2 in the brachial artery using a power injector. Results: Interventional treatment was indicated in 141 accesses. In 115 of these 141 cases, intervention was performed using CO2 fistulography alone. When the access flow stopped or decreased very much due to an occlusion and severe stenosis, we could not visualize the access by CO2 fistulography, or could not perform CO2 fistulography. For those cases, iodinated contrast fistulography was performed. When the vascular rupture, dissection, or clot formation occurred during intervention, iodinated contrast fistulography was performed. In three patients with arteriovenous fistula, manual injection of CO2 into the brachial artery resulted in reflux of the gas into the thoracic aorta causing transient loss of consciousness. Conclusion: CO2 is a useful contrast agent in the diagnosis and intervention of failing hemodialysis access, eliminating or limiting the use of iodinated contrast material. Caution should be exercised to prevent CO2 reflux into the aorta when injecting the gas into the brachial artery.
Evaluation of anterior urethral stricture using thick slab SSFSE MR urethrography
Authors: Park Byung Kwan , Kim Chan Kyo , Lee Sung Won 
Published: October 2010

Background: Magnetic resonance urethrography (MRU) can be used for depicting not only anterior urethral strictures but also periurethral anatomy in order to produce a management plan. Purpose: To determine if thick slab single-shot fast spin echo (SSFSE) MRU is useful for evaluating anterior urethral stricture compared to fast recovery fast spin echo (FRFSE) MRU. Material and Methods: Ten patients with benign anterior urethral stricture underwent both thick slab SSFSE MRU and FRFSE MRU using sterile jelly for urethral distension before retrograde urethrography. The glans penis was tied at the time of MRU. The two types of MR image were compared regarding stricture length, scan time, and image quality. We also determined whether or not both of the two MR sequences could display an entire anterior urethra on one image. Results: The stricture length on thick slab SSFSE and FRFSE MRU ranged from 4.0 to 71.3 mm (36.4 ± 21.8 mm) and from 4.0 to 67.5 mm (35.7 ± 20.8 mm), respectively ( P > 0.05). The mean scan time for thick slab SSFSE and FRFSE sequences was 2 s and 194 s, respectively ( P < 0.05). However, regarding image quality, thick slab SSFSE MRU was inferior to FRFSE MRU ( P < 0.05). All the thick slab SSFSE MRU displayed the entire anterior urethra on one image, while only five FRFSE MRU did so ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: Thick slab SSFSE MRU can provide a concordant stricture length when compared to the FRFSE MRU and imaging of the entire length of the anterior urethral stricture with subjective reduced image quality and scan time.
Rasch Analysis of the Fullerton Advanced Balance (FAB) Scale
Authors: Klein Penelope J. , Fiedler Roger C. , Rose Debra J. 
Published: October 2010

Purpose: This cross-sectional study explores the psychometric properties and dimensionality of the Fullerton Advanced Balance (FAB) Scale, a multi-item balance test for higher-functioning older adults. Methods: Participants (n=480) were community-dwelling adults able to ambulate independently. Data gathering consisted of survey and balance performance assessment. Psychometric properties were assessed using Rasch analysis. Results: Mean age of participants was 76.4 (SD=7.1) years. Mean FAB Scale scores were 24.7/40 (SD=7.5). Analyses for scale dimensionality showed that 9 of the 10 items fit a unidimensional measure of balance. Item 10 (Reactive Postural Control) did not fit the model. The reliability of the scale to separate persons was 0.81 out of 1.00; the reliability of the scale to separate items in terms of their difficulty was 0.99 out of 1.00. Cronbach's alpha for a 10-item model was 0.805. Items of differing difficulties formed a useful ordinal hierarchy for scaling patterns of expected balance ability scoring for a normative population. Conclusion: The FAB Scale appears to be a reliable and valid tool to assess balance function in higher-functioning older adults. The test was found to discriminate among participants of varying balance abilities. Further exploration of concurrent validity of Rasch-generated expected item scoring patterns should be undertaken to determine the test's diagnostic and prescriptive utility.
Médicaments psychotropes et sujets âgés une problématique commune France-Québec ? (synthèse de la littérature)
Authors: Ankri Joël , Collin Johanne , Pérodeau Guilhème , Beaufils Béatrice 
Published: October 2010

Psychotropic drugs and elderly: a same problem in France and Quebec. Review of literature
The use of psychotropic medication is seen as a major problem related to public health in Europe as well as in North America. The limits between therapeutic and social functions of psychotropic medication have produced many controversies. In this debate, the case of the elderly is seen as a major issue. The aim of this article is to review the literature related to psychotropic medication use among the elderly in two French speaking societies, France and Quebec. First, we will focus on social and psychosocial characteristics of the elderly users in both countries. Then we will summarize the results of studies about adverse effects, addiction and other risks related to the long term use of psychotropic drugs by older people. Finally we will provide an analysis of social and cultural determinants of psychotropic drug utilization among the elderly by emphasizing the importance of physician/patient relationship and the rationale underlying prescribing behaviors.