bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What differentiates children visiting outpatient mental health services with bipolar spectrum disorder from children with other psychiatric diagnoses?
Authors: Fristad Mary A , Frazier Thomas W , Youngstrom Eric A , Mount Katherine , Fields Benjamin W , Demeter Christine , Birmaher Boris , Kowatch Robert A , Arnold L Eugene , Axelson David , Gill Mary Kay , Horwitz Sarah McCue , Findling Robert L 
Published: July 2012

Fristad MA, Frazier TW, Youngstrom EA, Mount K, Fields BW, Demeter C, Birmaher B, Kowatch RA, Arnold LE, Axelson D, Gill MK, Horwitz SM, Findling RL. What differentiates children visiting outpatient mental health services with bipolar spectrum disorder from children with other psychiatric diagnoses? Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 497–506. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  To determine the contribution of parent‐reported manic symptoms, family history, stressful life events, and family environment in predicting diagnosis of bipolar spectrum disorders (BPSD) in youth presenting to an outpatient psychiatric clinic.Methods:  A total of 707 6‐ to 12‐year‐old children [621 with elevated symptoms of mania (ESM+) based on screening via the Parent General Behavior Inventory 10‐item Mania Scale (PGBI‐10M) and 86 without ESM (ESM–)] received a comprehensive assessment.Results:  Of the 629 with complete data, 24% (n = 148) had BPSD. Compared to those without BPSD (n = 481), children with BPSD: were older (Cohen’s d = 0.44) and more likely to be female (Cohen’s d = 0.26); had higher parent‐endorsed manic symptom scores at screening (Cohen’s d = 0.36) and baseline (Cohen’s d = 0.76), more biological parents with a history of manic symptoms (Cohen’s d = 0.48), and greater parenting stress (Cohen’s d = 0.19). Discriminating variables, in order, were: baseline PGBI‐10M scores, biological parent history of mania, parenting stress, and screening PGBI‐10M scores. Absence of all these factors reduced risk of BPSD from 24% to 2%.Conclusions:  History of parental manic symptoms remains a robust predictor of BPSD in youth seeking outpatient care, even after accounting for parent report of manic symptoms in the child at screening. However, the risk factors identified as associated with BPSD, together had limited value in accurately identifying individual participants with BPSD, highlighting the need for careful clinical assessment.
Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) ES Cell–Like Cells are Capable of In Vitro Skeletal Myogenic Differentiation
Authors: Singh MK , Singh KP , Kumar D , Shah RA , Anand T , Chauhan MS , Manik RS , Singla SK , Palta P 
Published: July 2012

ContentsWhen buffalo embryonic stem (ES) cell–like cells that expressed surface markers SSEA‐4, TRA‐1‐60, TRA‐1‐81, CD9 and CD90 and intracellular markers OCT4, SOX2 and FOXD3, as shown by immunofluorescence, and that expressed REX‐1 and NUCLEOSTEMIN as confirmed by RT‐PCR, were subjected to suspension culture in hanging drops in absence of LIF and buffalo foetal fibroblast feeder layer support, they differentiated to form three‐dimensional embryoid bodies (EBs). Of 231 EBs examined on Day 3 of suspension culture, 141 (61.3 ± 3.09%) were of compact type, whereas 90 (38.4 ± 3.12%) were of cystic type. The cells obtained from EBs were found to express NF‐68 and NESTIN (ectodermal lineage), BMP‐4 and α‐skeletal actin (mesodermal lineage), and α‐fetoprotein, GATA‐4 and HNF‐4 (endodermal lineage). When these EBs were cultured on gelatin‐coated dishes, they spontaneously differentiated to several cell types such as epithelial‐ and neuron‐like cells. When EBs were cultured in the presence of 1 or 2% DMSO or 10−8 m or 10−7 m retinoic acid for 25 days, ES cells could be directed to form muscle cell–like cells, the identity of which was confirmed by expression of α‐actinin by immunofluorescence and of MYF‐5, MYOD and MYOGENIN genes by RT‐PCR. MYOD was first detected on Day 10 in both treatment groups and on Day 15 in controls, whereas MYOGENIN was first detected on Day 10, Day 15 and Day 25 in the presence of retinoic acid, in the presence of DMSO and in controls, respectively. The present study demonstrates the ability of buffalo ES cell–like cells to undergo directed differentiation to cells of skeletal myogenic lineage.
Age dependent impact of estimated glomerular filtration rate on long‐term survival after ischaemic stroke
Authors: LIMA HELBERT N. , CABRAL NORBERTO L. , FRANKLIN JARROD , MORO CARLA HELOISA C. , PECOITS‐FILHO ROBERTO , GONÇALVES ANDERSON R. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT:Aims:  Low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is associated with high mortality after stroke. However, ageing can influence eGFR directly and limit this burden impact. We investigated if low eGFR can be a predictor of death in different age groups after ischaemic stroke.Methods:  We evaluated and followed for 22 ± 14 months 871 unselected consecutive survivor patients more than 30 days after ischaemic stroke (55% men, mean age of 66 ± 13 years) recruited in a prospective Brazilian cohort study from March 2005 to December 2007. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors and eGFR by The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration formula were analyzed as predictors of mortality for the whole cohort population and stratified by age (younger or older than 65 years old) in a Cox proportional hazards regression model.Results:  There were 119 (14%) deaths during follow up. The mean eGFR was 74 ± 23 mL/min per 1.73 m2. Three hundred and sixteen patients (36%) presented eGFR lower than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2. For the whole population, eGFR lower than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 was independently associated with death after stroke in the multivariate analysis. When stratified by age groups, low eGFR was the single and independent predictor of death just for individuals younger than 65 years‐old, as for older people just chronic atrial fibrillation, previous stroke and increase of age were associated with death.Conclusion:  Low eGFR measured at the first day of hospital admission can be a simple and trustful predictor of death after ischaemic stroke in people younger than 65 years old.
Femtosecond laser cataract surgery: technology and clinical practice
Authors: Roberts Timothy V , Lawless Michael , Chan Colin CK , Jacobs Mark , Ng David , Bali Shveta J , Hodge Chris , Sutton Gerard 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe recent introduction of femtosecond lasers to cataract surgery has generated much interest among ophthalmologists around the world. Laser cataract surgery integrates high‐resolution anterior segment imaging systems with a femtosecond laser, allowing key steps of the procedure, including the primary and side‐port corneal incisions, the anterior capsulotomy and fragmentation of the lens nucleus, to be performed with computer‐guided laser precision. There is emerging evidence of reduced phacoemulsification time, better wound architecture and a more stable refractive result with femtosecond cataract surgery, as well as reports documenting an initial learning curve. This article will review the current state of technology and discuss our clinical experience.
A pictorial description of extralevator abdominoperineal excision for low rectal cancer
Authors: Shihab O. C. , Heald R. J. , Holm T. , How P. D. , Brown G. , Quirke P. , Moran B. J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAim  Extralevator abdominoperineal excision in the prone position has been reported as a method to improve the poor outcome sometimes observed after abdominoperineal excision (APE) for low rectal cancer. In this paper a pictorial guide is presented describing the key anatomical steps and landmarks of the operation.Method  Intraoperative footage of five APE operations filmed in high definition was reviewed and key stages of the operation were identified. Still frames were captured from these sequences to illustrate this guide. An edited video sequence was produced from one of these operations to accompany this paper.Conclusion  The prone APE allows improved visualization of the perineal portion of the operation by the surgeon, assistants and observers. It permits clear demonstration for teaching. Prospective evaluation is still required to identify patients who would benefit from extralevator APE.
External validation of the RENAL nephrometry score in renal tumours treated by partial nephrectomy
Authors: Long Jean‐Alexandre , Arnoux Valentin , Fiard Gaelle , Autorino Riccardo , Descotes Jean‐Luc , Rambeaud Jean‐Jacques , Boillot Bernard , Terrier Nicolas , Arvin‐Berod Alexis , Moreau‐Gaudry Alexandre 
Published: July 2012

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?
Using a standardized classification for renal tumours is a major step towards an objective comparison of the indications and expected outcomes of partial nephrectomy (PN).
Several scores have been described, including the RENAL nephrectomy score (RNS), to evaluate the anatomical features of a renal tumour and predict the surgical challenges with particular regard to PN. Previous studies show discrepancies with regard to the effectiveness of using the RNS to predict postoperative outcomes. Although we showed that conversion to radical nephrectomy was predicted by the RNS, the occurence of complications was more difficult to predict.
Objective
To evaluate the RENAL nephrometry score (RNS) as a predictor of the perioperative outcomes of a partial nephrectomy.
Patients and Methods
A retrospective review of 177 consecutive patients who were candidates for an open partial nephrectomy (OPN, n = 159) or a laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN, n = 18) from August 2008 to January 2011 was undertaken.
Tumour complexity was stratified into three categories: low (4–6), moderate (7–9) and high (10–12) complexity.
Complications, and surgical and renal outcomes were recorded and analysed.
Predictors of conversion to radical nephrectomy (RN) and complications were assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the prediction of postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and warm ischaemia time (WIT).
Results
The median RNS was 7 (interquartile range 6–9).
Tumour complexity was assessed as low in 72 (40.6%), moderate in 87 (49.2%) and high in 18 patients (10.2%). There were no significant differences among the three groups with respect to demographic characteristics, operating time, estimated blood loss, transfusion, length of stay, complications and positive surgical margins. Conversion to RN occurred in 29 patients (16.3%).
RNS was significantly associated with an increased risk of conversion to RN (odds ratio [OR] = 3.5, P = 0.01 and OR = 6.7, P = 0.005, respectively, for moderate vs low, and high vs low complexity groups).
On multivariate analysis, RNS was the only independent predictor of WIT (P = 0.03) and conversion to RN (P = 0.008), but failed to predict postoperative eGFR (P = 0.84) and the occurrence of major complications (P = 0.91).
Conclusions
In the present series, RNS predicted an increased risk of conversion to RN and prolonged WIT.
RNS was not a predictor of complications and postoperative renal function.
The Impact of Anti‐Immigration Policies and Perceived Discrimination in the United States on Migration Intentions among Mexican Adolescents
Authors: Becerra David 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis exploratory study examined whether higher levels of perceived discrimination against Mexican immigrants in the United States (USA) were related to the migration intentions of Mexican adolescents. I drew the data for this study from a sample of 755 from a total of 980 adolescent students surveyed in Tijuana, Mexico in February 2009, who indicated they had some interest to migrate to theUSAto either live or work in theUSA. There were 392 male participants (51.9%) and 363 female participants (48.1%), with a mean age of the participants of 16 years. Over 65 per cent of the participants were born in Tijuana, Mexico and over 62 per cent of the participants indicated that their families had very low to average socio‐economic status, as measured by anSESscale. The majority of participants' mothers (74.2%) and fathers (68.6%) had less than a high school education. MultivariateOLSregressions were run controlling for gender, age and socio‐economic status. Results indicated that higher levels of perceived discrimination in theUSAwere a moderately significant predictor of lower migration intentions among Mexican adolescents who identified that they wanted to live or work in theUSA, but higher levels of perceived discrimination did not significantly predict lower migration intentions among participants, who indicated that they felt they had to move to theUSAto work and support their families.
Ca2+ dysregulation in neurons from transgenic mice expressing mutant presenilin 2
Authors: Kipanyula Maulilio J. , Contreras Laura , Zampese Enrico , Lazzari Cristian , Wong Andrea K. C. , Pizzo Paola , Fasolato Cristina , Pozzan Tullio 
Published: July 2012

SummaryMutations in amyloid precursor protein (APP), and presenilin‐1 and presenilin‐2 (PS1 and PS2) have causally been implicated in Familial Alzheimer’s Disease (FAD), but the mechanistic link between the mutations and the early onset of neurodegeneration is still debated. Although no consensus has yet been reached, most data suggest that both FAD‐linked PS mutants and endogenous PSs are involved in cellular Ca2+ homeostasis. We here investigated subcellular Ca2+ handling in primary neuronal cultures and acute brain slices from wild type and transgenic mice carrying the FAD‐linked PS2‐N141I mutation, either alone or in the presence of the APP Swedish mutation. Compared with wild type, both types of transgenic neurons show a similar reduction in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ content and decreased response to metabotropic agonists, albeit increased Ca2+ release induced by caffeine. In both transgenic neurons, we also observed a higher ER–mitochondria juxtaposition that favors increased mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake upon ER Ca2+ release. A model is described that integrates into a unifying hypothesis the contradictory effects on Ca2+ homeostasis of different PS mutations and points to the relevance of these findings in neurodegeneration and aging.
Accuracy of formulas used to predict post‐transfusion packed cell volume rise in anemic dogs
Authors: Short Jacqueline L. , Diehl Shenandoah , Seshadri Ravi , Serrano Sergi 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the accuracy of published formulas used to guide packed red blood cell (pRBC) transfusions in anemic dogs and to compare the predicted rise in packed cell volume (PCV) to the actual post‐transfusion rise inPCV.DesignProspective observational study from April 2009 through July 2009.SettingA small animal emergency and specialty hospital.AnimalsThirty‐one anemic client‐owned dogs that received pRBCtransfusions for treatment of anemia.InterventionsNoneMeasurementsFour formulas were evaluated to determine their predictive ability with respect to rise inPCVfollowing transfusion with pRBC. Post‐transfusion rise inPCVwere compared to calculated rise inPCVusing 4 different formulas. Bias and limits of agreement were investigated using Bland–Altman analyses.ResultsAccuracy of existing formulas to predict rise inPCVfollowing transfusion varied significantly. Formula 1 (volume to be transfused [VT] [mL] = 1 mL × %PCVrise × kg body weight [BW]) overestimated the expected rise inPCV(mean difference, 6.30), while formula 2 (VT [mL] = 2 mL ×% PCV rise × kg BW) underestimated the rise inPCV(mean difference, –3.01). Formula 3 (VT [mL] = 90 mL × kg BW × [(desiredPCV– PatientPCV)/PCVof donor blood]) and formula 4 (VT [mL] = 1.5 mL ×% PCV rise × kg BW) performed well (mean difference 0.23 and 0.09, respectively) in predicting rise inPCVfollowing pRBCtransfusion.ConclusionsAgreement between 2 formulas, “VT (mL) = kgBW× blood volume (90 mL) × [(desiredPCV– recipientPCV)/DonorPCV]” and “VT(mL) = 1.5 ×desired rise inPCV× kgBW,” was found when they were compared to the actual rise inPCVfollowing pRBCtransfusion in anemic dogs. Further research is warranted to determine whether these formulas perform similarly well for other species.
Retrospective evaluation of neurotoxic rattlesnake envenomation in dogs and cats: 34 cases (2005–2010)
Authors: Julius Tracy M. , Kaelble Monika K. , Leech Elizabeth B. , Boyle Kimberly L. , Strandberg Erika J. , Clare Monica C. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo describe common physical examination findings, clinicopathologic changes, treatment, and outcome in patients with evidence of neurotoxicity secondary to rattlesnake envenomation.DesignRetrospective multicenter study (2005–2010).SettingThree private veterinary referral centers.AnimalsThirty‐four client‐owned cats and dogs with evidence of neurotoxicity secondary to rattlesnake envenomation.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsPatient signalment, approximate time between envenomation and presentation for veterinary evaluation, physical examination and clinicopathologic findings, treatments, serial neurologic assessment, duration of hospitalization, and outcome were recorded. Signs of neurotoxicity such as ataxia, postural deficits, muscle fasciculations, paresis, paralysis, or seizures were required for inclusion into the study. The incidence of neurotoxicity amongst the general population treated with antivenin for rattlesnake envenomation in this study was 5.4%. Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune Fabb and veterinary approved Antivenin (Crotalidae) Polyvalenta were both used in this study. There was no statistically significant difference between type of antivenin or number of vials of antivenin administered and neurologic status, length of hospitalization (LOH), or survival. Hypokalemia was a frequently identified complication, but the presence of hypokalemia did not have a statistically significant association with LOH or survival. Four of the 34 patients (11.8%) required positive pressure ventilation for signs consistent with respiratory paralysis; 2 of these patients survived to discharge. Overall mortality rate was 17.6%. Survival was not significantly different between dogs and cats. However, cats had a significantly longer LOH when compared with dogs (median LOH 3.5 d for cats, 2 d for dogs). Cats appear to be overrepresented in the subset of envenomated patients with neurotoxicity.ConclusionAlthough the incidence of neurotoxicity secondary to rattlesnake envenomation may be relatively low, patients can have rapid progression of their clinical signs and a higher mortality rate, necessitating timely and appropriate treatment. Patients treated for neurotoxicity secondary to envenomation appear to have a fair to good prognosis.
Comorbidity‐Polypharmacy Scoring Facilitates Outcome Prediction in Older Trauma Patients
Authors: Evans David C. , Cook Charles H. , Christy Jonathan M. , Murphy Claire V. , Gerlach Anthony T. , Eiferman Daniel , Lindsey David E. , Whitmill Melissa L. , Papadimos Thomas J. , Beery Paul R. , Steinberg Steven M. , Stawicki Stanislaw P. A. 
Published: July 2012

ObjectivesTo determine the association between comorbidity–polypharmacy score (CPS) and clinical outcomes in a large sample of older trauma patients, focusing on outcome prognostication.DesignThe CPS combines number of preinjury medications and comorbidities to more objectively quantify the severity of comorbid conditions.SettingAn urban tertiary care level 1 trauma center in the Midwest.ParticipantsTrauma patients aged 45 and older.MethodsParticipants were stratified into four groups according to CPS ranges. Survival analyses were performed using Kaplan–Meier/Mantel‐Cox testing. Factors influencing mortality, complications, and survivor discharge destination were evaluated using analysis of covariance and multivariate logistic regression.ResultsRecords for 469 individuals (mean age 62.1, mean injury severity score 9.3) were reviewed. Higher CPS is associated with greater mortality, complications, longer hospital and intensive care unit stay, and need for discharge to a facility. Higher CPS is associated with lower 90‐day survival (Mantel‐Cox, P < .001). Mortality was independently associated with older age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.06 per year), higher injury severity score (OR = 1.19 per point), and higher CPS (OR = 1.11 per point) in multivariate analysis (all P < .01). Complications and need for discharge to a facility were independently associated with older age and higher injury severity score and CPS.Conclusion
CPS can be readily determined in the era of medication reconciliation. Trauma patients with CPS of 15 or greater are at greater risk of poor clinical outcomes. CPS constitutes a useful adjunct to currently available injury severity scoring tools as a predictor of morbidity, mortality, hospital resource utilization, and postdischarge disposition in older trauma patients.
Meaning‐making with colour in multimodal texts: an 11‐year‐old student's purposeful ‘doing’
Authors: Pantaleo Sylvia 
Published: July 2012

AbstractColour, a visual element of art and design, is a semiotic mode that is used strategically by sign‐makers to communicate meaning. Understanding the meaning‐making potential of colour can enhance students’ understanding, appreciation, interpretation and composition of multimodal texts. This article features a case study of Anya, an 11‐year‐old student who participated in a classroom‐based research project that explored developing student visual meaning‐making skills and competencies by focusing specifically on a selection of visual elements of art and design in picture books and graphic novels. Excerpts from Anya's interview about her multimodal print text revealed that her intentional use of colour was affected by her participation in the learning opportunities afforded during the explorative study that included overt instruction about making meaning with colour. The semiotic analysis of Anya's use of colour in her multimodal text included a consideration of how the various distinctive features of colour were evident in her work. The article concludes with a discussion of pedagogical and assessment issues associated with teaching students about colour and other visual elements of art and design.
Ophthalmological findings in a closed herd of Lipizzaners
Authors: RUSHTON J. , TICHY A. , BREM G. , DRUML T. , NELL B. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryReasons for performing the study: There are no studies on the ophthalmic health status in the Lipizzaner breed.Objective: To perform an ophthalmological survey in a closed herd in 3 housing systems.Materials: All horses at the Federal Stud Piber, Heldenberg and the Spanish Riding School Vienna were subjected to ophthalmological examination. Findings were documented and correlated with factors such as age, gender, location and housing situation. The interrelation of abnormalities of different regions was determined by calculating accuracy. Pedigree analysis of horses affected by cataract was performed.Results: A total of 267 horses met the inclusion criteria of this study. Of these, 172 horses were stabled in Piber, 72 in Vienna and 23 in Heldenberg. Ophthalmological examination revealed 203 cases with ocular findings, predominantly involving the conjunctiva (44.6%), cornea (21.7%) and fundus (37.5%). In 24 (8.9%) horses a diagnosis of cataract was made. There was no interrelation between different eye diseases. Horses stabled at Piber were significantly more affected by conjunctival and fundic abnormalities. Fewer abnormalities were found in horses stabled in open boxes. Access to free stalls resulted in more cases of conjunctivitis. Pedigree analysis showed no evidence of inbreeding as a cause of cataract formation.Conclusion and potential relevance: Acquired corneal abnormalities were over‐represented in this study. This survey may serve as a basis for further research on the pathogenesis of ophthalmic diseases in Lipizzaners.