bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of metal-tagged environmentally representative micro- and nanoplastic particles to investigate transport and retention through porous media using single particle ICP-MS
Authors: Tran Emily Lena , Bevers Shaun , Smith Casey , Brown Stephanie , Malone Nathan , Fairbrother D. Howard , Ranville James F. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMicroplastics and nanoplastics (collectively, MNPs) are increasingly entering soils, with potential adverse impacts to agriculture and groundwater. Environmental detection, characterization, and quantification of MNPs is difficult and subject to artifacts, often requiring labor-intensive separation from environmental matrices. These analytical challenges make it difficult to conduct experiments investigating specific MNP characteristics influencing their transport and fate, particularly when examining multiple plastic types at low concentrations. By synthesizing a suite of metal-tagged polymers, which are cryomilled to create polydisperse fragmented particle suspensions, single particle ICP-MS (spICP-MS) can be used to quantify MNP particle size and concentration in controlled fate and transport studies. Use of unique metal-polymer pairs enables accurate, simultaneous analysis of multiple MNP types which can be used to track total particle transport and retention within a variety of environmental matrices. This was demonstrated using saturated sand column transport experiments to quantify the movement of two plastics having different properties: tin-tagged polystyrene (Sn-PS) and tantalum-tagged polyvinylpyrrolidone (Ta-PVP). The behavior of these polydisperse, fragmented MNPs was compared to that of fluorescent, carboxylated monodisperse PS spherical microspheres (Fl-PS). Mobility of all MNP types increased with decreasing particle size, and hydrophilic Ta-PVP particles migrated more effectively than the hydrophobic Sn-PS particles. Furthermore, the addition of humic acid (HA) to the carrier solution increased the colloidal stability of both metal-tagged MNP suspensions, resulting in much greater elution from the column than in HA-free deionized water or moderately- hard water (ionic strength = 5mM). This combination of particle synthesis and spICP-MS analysis provides insights into the transport of MNP having physical properties that are representative of environmental MNPs and opens up a broad range of applications for study of MNP environmental fate and transport.
Factors Associated with Fatigue in COVID-19 ICU Survivors
Authors: KENNOUCHE DJAHID , FOSCHIA CLÉMENT , BROWNSTEIN CALLUM G. , LAPOLE THOMAS , RIMAUD DIANA , ROYER NICOLAS , LE MAT FRANCK , THIERY GUILLAUME , GAUTHIER VINCENT , GIRAUX PASCAL , OUJAMAA LYDIA , SORG MARINE , VERGES SAMUEL , DOUTRELEAU STÉPHANE , MARILLIER MATHIEU , PRUDENT MÉLANIE , BITKER LAURENT , FÉASSON LÉONARD , GERGELÉ LAURENT , STAUFFER EMERIC , GUICHON CÉLINE , GONDIN JULIEN , MOREL JÉRÔME , MILLET GUILLAUME Y. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Approximately 30% of people infected with COVID-19 require hospitalization, and 20% of them are admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). Most of these patients experience symptoms of fatigue weeks post-ICU, so understanding the factors associated with fatigue in this population is crucial.

Methods
Fifty-nine patients (38–78 yr) hospitalized in ICU for COVID-19 infection for 32 (6–80) d, including 23 (3–57) d of mechanical ventilation, visited the laboratory on two separate occasions. The first visit occurred 52 ± 15 d after discharge and was dedicated to questionnaires, blood sampling, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing, whereas measurements of the knee extensors neuromuscular function and performance fatigability were performed in the second visit 7 ± 2 d later.

Results
Using the FACIT-F questionnaire, 56% of patients were classified as fatigued. Fatigued patients had worse lung function score than non-fatigued (i.e., 2.9 ± 0.8 L vs 3.6 ± 0.8 L; 2.4 ± 0.7 L vs 3.0 ± 0.7 L for forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s, respectively), and forced vital capacity was identified as a predictor of being fatigued. Maximal voluntary activation was lower in fatigued patients than non-fatigued patients (82% ± 14% vs 91% ± 3%) and was the only neuromuscular variable that discriminated between fatigued and non-fatigued patients. Patient-reported outcomes also showed differences between fatigued and non-fatigued patients for sleep, physical activity, depression, and quality of life (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
COVID-19 survivors showed altered respiratory function 4 to 8 wk after discharge, which was further deteriorated in fatigued patients. Fatigue was also associated with lower voluntary activation and patient-reported impairments (i.e., sleep satisfaction, quality of life, or depressive state). The present study reinforces the importance of exercise intervention and rehabilitation to counteract cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular impairments of COVID-19 patients admitted in ICU, especially individuals experiencing fatigue.
Magnesium as a potential complementary treatment for ADHD - a review of recent literature
Authors: Smykiewicz Karolina , Michalczewska Aneta , Wierzejska Natalia , Pach Magdalena , Nowak Agnieszka , Fugas Agnieszka , Chmielowiec Zuzanna , Partyka Alicja , Dziedzic Mariola , Dobrzańska Justyna 
Published: May 2024

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a relatively common neurodevelopmental mental disorder affecting an estimated 7.2% of children and adolescents, and 2.5% of adults. It manifests primarily through inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Multimodal treatment approaches are recommended, addressing the psychological, behavioral, vocational, and educational needs of patients and their families. Conventional therapies include pharmacologic interventions (e.g., psychostimulants) and non-pharmacologic strategies (e.g., psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy). The ongoing search for novel treatment options focuses on improving cognitive function, psychological well-being, and ADHD symptomatology. Nutritional interventions with vitamins and minerals are emerging as potential complementary or adjunctive therapies.
This review summarizes recent literature (past 5 years) on the relationship between magnesium and ADHD, encompassing observational studies, interventional trials, and meta-analyses. Evidence from recent publications suggests that children with ADHD have reduced magnesium levels and that magnesium supplementation improves symptoms. However, these studies do not definitively establish the exact cause-and-effect relationship between magnesium and ADHD. Current data are insufficient to recommend magnesium for routine ADHD treatment. High-quality, large-scale, and long-term studies are necessary to definitively understand the magnesium-ADHD link and to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of magnesium supplementation as an adjunct therapy. These studies should define optimal doses, forms, and duration of supplementation for safe and effective clinical use.
Coordinated Inattention and Disclosure Complexity
Authors: Qu Hong , Williams Jared , Zhao Ran , Kwasnica Anthony 
Published: May 2024

We examine a beauty contest game with an option to analyze an additional disclosure. We analytically prove that in some scenarios, coordination incentives cause sophisticated players who can comprehend disclosures to choose not to analyze them to match unsophisticated players’ actions, a phenomenon we call “coordinated inattention.” Laboratory experiments provide support for the coordinated inattention mechanism: Coordination incentives reduce sophisticated subjects’ propensity to analyze disclosures, especially when they believe others are unlikely to comprehend them. We further find that psychological biases help reduce coordinated inattention. Subjects are overconfident, sophisticated subjects overestimate others’ ability to comprehend disclosures, and both biases are associated with a higher tendency to analyze disclosures. Our analysis suggests that unsophisticated decision makers’ inability to comprehend complex disclosures has a negative spillover effect by reducing sophisticated decision makers’ attention to disclosures. Our results highlight the importance of the recent efforts of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) to make disclosures easier to comprehend. This paper was accepted by Brian Bushee, accounting. Funding: This study involved no funding except the payments made to the experimental subjects; these funds were provided by Penn State University. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and electronic companion are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.01029 .
Explicit and Implicit Belief-Based Gender Discrimination: A Hiring Experiment
Authors: Barron Kai , Ditlmann Ruth , Gehrig Stefan , Schweighofer-Kodritsch Sebastian 
Published: May 2024

This paper studies a key element of discrimination, namely, when stereotypes translate into discriminatory actions. Using a hiring experiment, we rule out taste-based discrimination by design and test for the presence of two types of belief-based gender discrimination. We document evidence of explicit discriminators—individuals who are willing to discriminate even when their hiring choices are highly revealing of their gender-biased beliefs. Crucially, we also identify implicit discriminators—individuals who do not discriminate against women when taking a discriminatory action is highly revealing of their biased beliefs, but do discriminate against women when their biased motive is obscured. Our analysis highlights the central role played by features of the choice environment in determining whether and how discrimination will manifest. We conclude by discussing the implications for policy design. This paper was accepted by Marie Claire Villeval, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: K. Barron and S. Schweighofer-Kodritsch gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through CRC TRR 190 [Grant 280092119]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.01229 .
Model-Free Nonstationary Reinforcement Learning: Near-Optimal Regret and Applications in Multiagent Reinforcement Learning and Inventory Control
Authors: Mao Weichao , Zhang Kaiqing , Zhu Ruihao , Simchi-Levi David , Başar Tamer 
Published: May 2024

We consider model-free reinforcement learning (RL) in nonstationary Markov decision processes. Both the reward functions and the state transition functions are allowed to vary arbitrarily over time as long as their cumulative variations do not exceed certain variation budgets. We propose Restarted Q-Learning with Upper Confidence Bounds (RestartQ-UCB), the first model-free algorithm for nonstationary RL, and show that it outperforms existing solutions in terms of dynamic regret. Specifically, RestartQ-UCB with Freedman-type bonus terms achieves a dynamic regret bound of [Formula: see text], where S and A are the numbers of states and actions, respectively, [Formula: see text] is the variation budget, H is the number of time steps per episode, and T is the total number of time steps. We further present a parameter-free algorithm named Double-Restart Q-UCB that does not require prior knowledge of the variation budget. We show that our algorithms are nearly optimal by establishing an information-theoretical lower bound of [Formula: see text], the first lower bound in nonstationary RL. Numerical experiments validate the advantages of RestartQ-UCB in terms of both cumulative rewards and computational efficiency. We demonstrate the power of our results in examples of multiagent RL and inventory control across related products. This paper was accepted by Omar Besbes, revenue management and market analytics. Funding: The research of D. Simchi-Levi and R. Zhu was supported by the MIT Data Science Laboratory. The research of W. Mao, K. Zhang, and T. Başar was supported in part by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) Cooperative Agreement W911NF-17-2-0196, in part by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) [MURI Grant N00014-16-1-2710], and in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [Grant FA9550-19-1-0353]. K. Zhang also acknowledges support from U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) [Grant W911NF-24-1-0085]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.02533 .
Investor Sentiment and the Pricing of Macro Risks for Hedge Funds
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Lu Andrea , Zhu Xiaoquan 
Published: May 2024

Hedge funds with larger macroeconomic-risk betas do not earn higher returns, in contrast to the theoretically predicted risk-return trade-off. Meanwhile, high macro-beta funds deliver higher returns than low macro-beta funds following a low-sentiment period, whereas the risk-return relation is flat following a high-sentiment period. We show that the sophisticated management of hedge funds explains this pattern. The relation between funds’ macro-risk betas and the timing abilities/investor flows is sentiment dependent, and such variation likely drives the contrasting beta-return trade-offs after high- and low-sentiment periods. A similar pattern is also observed in mutual funds. This paper was accepted by Lin William Cong, finance. Funding: X. Zhu acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72203035] and the Ministry of Education Project of Humanities and Social Sciences [Grant 22YJC790194]. Z. Chen acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72222004] and Tsinghua University [Grant 20225080020]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.02792 .
Can Lawyers’ Facial Attractiveness Increase the Popularity or Customer Satisfaction? An Example of Expert Q&A Services
Authors: Chiu Ya-Ling , Wang Jying-Nan , Hsu Yuan-Teng 
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of facial attractiveness on popularity and customer satisfaction. We conducted an empirical analysis using 7,525 professional experts’ photographs provided by a well-known expert question-and-answer (Q&A) platform in China. The findings showed that, although experts’ facial attractiveness positively affected their popularity, it negatively impacted their customer satisfaction. However, these relationships were moderated by gender. Facial attractiveness had a stronger positive effect on popularity for female experts than for male experts. By contrast, facial attractiveness negatively impacted satisfaction for female experts but had no significant effect for male experts. This study discusses the managerial implications of the findings and avenues for future research. Funding: Y.-T. Hsu was supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [Grant 2023M732269].
Retroperitoneal bronchogenic cyst: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Malik Abdul , Naseer Qais Ahmad , Iqbal Muhammad Asad , Han Shi-Ya , Dang Sheng-Chun 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
Bronchogenic cysts are rare developmental anomalies that belong to the category of congenital enterogenous cysts. They arise from lung buds and are present at birth. The embryonic foregut is their origin. Typically, they are located within the chest cavity, particularly in the cavum mediastinale of the thoracic cavity or lodged in the pulmonary parenchyma, and are considered a type of lung bud malformation.
CASE SUMMARY
A 49-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital due to the detection of a retroperitoneal mass during a physical examination. Two weeks before admission, the patient underwent a physical examination and routine laboratory tests, which revealed a space-occupying mass in the retroperitoneal region. The patient did not report any symptoms (such as abdominal pain, flatulence, nausea, vomiting, high fever, or chills). The computed tomography (CT) revealed a retroperitoneal space-occupying lesion with minimal enhancement and a CT value of approximately 36 Hounsfield units. The lesion was not delineated from the boundary of the pancreatic body and was closely related to the retroperitoneum locally.
CONCLUSION
Following a series of tests, an abdominal mass was identified, prompting the implementation of a laparoscopic retroperitoneal mass excision procedure. During the investigation, an 8 cm × 7 cm cystic round-shaped mass with a distinct demarcation was identified in the upper posterior region of the pancreas. Subsequently, full resection of the mass was performed. Postoperative pathological examination reveled a cystic mass characterized by a smooth inner wall. The cystic mass was found to contain a white, viscous liquid within its capsule.
Pituitary metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma: A case report
Authors: Wang Qing , Liu Xiao-Wei , Chen Ke-Yu 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
Pituitary gland metastasis is an unusual event, and pituitary metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma is extremely rare and associated with poor prognosis. To date, approximately 15 cases have been reported.
CASE SUMMARY
Here, we present the case of a 64-year-old woman with pituitary metastasis derived from lung adenocarcinoma, which was difficult to distinguish from other sellar tumors. The patient presented to the neurosurgery clinic with blurred vision and intermittent headache. During hospitalization, brain computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a pituitary macroadenoma. Chest CT revealed irregular nodules in the basal segment of the lower lobe of the left lung, which were likely lung cancer. Positron emission tomography-CT revealed a carbohydrate metabolism tumor in the lungs and sellar region, which was considered malignant. Postoperative pathological examination of the sellar tumor revealed lung adenocarcinoma.
CONCLUSION
Excision of pituitary metastases combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy should be a priority treatment for patients with pituitary metastasis.
Treatment success rate and associated factors among drug susceptible tuberculosis individuals in St. Kizito Hospital, Matany, Napak district, Karamoja region. A retrospective study
Authors: Opito Ronald , Kwenya Keneth , Ssentongo Saadick Mugerwa , Kizito Mark , Alwedo Susan , Bakashaba Baker , Miya Yunus , Bukenya Lameck , Okwir Eddy , Onega Lilian Angwech , Kazibwe Andrew , Othieno Emmanuel , Kirya Fred , Olupot Peter Olupot 
Published: May 2024

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death among infectious agents globally. An estimated 10 million people are newly diagnosed and 1.5 million die of the disease annually. Uganda is among the 30 high TB-burdenedd countries, with Karamoja having a significant contribution of the disease incidence in the country. Control of the disease in Karamoja is complex because a majority of the at-risk population remain mobile; partly because of the nomadic lifestyle. This study, therefore, aimed at describing the factors associated with drug-susceptible TB treatment success rate (TSR) in the Karamoja region.

Methods
This was a retrospective study on case notes of all individuals diagnosed with and treated for drug-susceptible TB at St. Kizito Hospital Matany, Napak district, Karamoja from 1st Jan 2020 to 31st December 2021. Data were abstracted using a customised data abstraction tool. Data analyses were done using Stata statistical software, version 15.0. Chi-square test was conducted to compare treatment success rates between years 2020 and 2021, while Modified Poisson regression analysis was performed at multivariable level to determine the factors associated with treatment success.

Results
We studied records of 1234 participants whose median age was 31 (IQR: 13–49) years. Children below 15 years of age accounted for 26.2% (n = 323). The overall treatment success rate for the study period was 79.3%(95%CI; 77.0%-81.5%), with a statistically significant variation in 2020 and 2021, 75.4% (422/560) vs 82.4% (557/674) respectively, (P = 0.002). The commonest reported treatment outcome was treatment completion at 52%(n = 647) and death was at 10.4% (n = 129). Older age, undernutrition (Red MUAC), and HIV-positive status were significantly associated with lower treatment success: aPR = 0.87(95%CI; 0.80–0.94), aPR = 0.91 (95%CI; 0.85–0.98) and aPR = 0.88 (95%CI; 0.78–0.98); respectively. Patients who were enrolled in 2021 had a high prevalence of treatment success compared to those enrolled in 2020, aPR = 1.09 (95%CI; 1.03–1.16).

Conclusion
TB TSR in Matany Hospital was suboptimal. Older age, poor nutrition, and being HIV-positive were negative predictors of treatment success. We propose integrating nutrition and HIV care into TB programming to improve treatment success.
Health-state utility of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer in Vietnam: A multicenter cross-sectional study
Authors: Luu Tram Nguyen Nguyet , Dinh Dai Xuan , Tran Thinh Xuan , Tran Thang Binh , Tran Huong Thanh , Pham Kiet Huy Tuan , Nguyen Huong Thi Thanh 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundPatients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer may have poor prognoses and short overall and disease-free survival. Most previous studies focused on assessing the quality of life and health-state utility of the general population of breast cancer patients. The number of studies for HER2-positive breast cancer patients is negligible. This study investigated the health-state utility and its associated factors among Vietnamese patients with HER2-positive breast cancer.MethodsWe conducted face-to-face interviews with 301 HER2-positive breast cancer patients to collect data. Their health-state utility was measured via the EQ-5D-5L instrument. The Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were employed to compare the differences in utility scores between two groups and among three groups or more, respectively. Factors associated with patients’ heath-state utility were identified via Tobit regression models.ResultsPain/discomfort (56.1%) and anxiety/depression (39.5%) were the two issues that patients suffered from the most, especially among metastatic breast cancer patients. The severity of distress (depression, anxiety, and stress) in patients was relatively mild. Of 301 patients, their average utility score was 0.86±0.17 (range: 0.03–1.00), and the average EQ-visual analogue scale (VAS) score was 69.12±12.60 (range: 30–100). These figures were 0.79±0.21 and 65.20±13.20 for 102 metastatic breast cancer patients, significantly lower than those of 199 non-metastatic cancer patients (0.89±0.13 and 71.13±11.78) (p<0.001), respectively. Lower health-state utility scores were significantly associated with older age (p = 0.002), lower education level (p = 0.006), lower monthly income (p = 0.036), metastatic cancer (p = 0.001), lower EQ-VAS score (p<0.001), and more severe level of distress (p<0.001).ConclusionsOur findings showed a significant decrement in utility scores among metastatic breast cancer patients. Patients’ health-state utility differed by their demographic characteristics (age, education level, and income) and clinical characteristics (stage of cancer and distress). Their utility scores may support further cost-effectiveness analysis in Vietnam.