bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
India in 2011
Authors: Chadda Maya 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The year 2011 was marked by several important developments: a massive uprising of the people, spearheaded by a powerful civil society movement for the reform of India's corrupt and criminalized democracy; an attempt by the central government to reform antiquated land acquisition laws for public use; a growing disillusionment with the United Progressive Alliance government; the slowing down of India's eight-year-long run of rapid growth; and a growing convergence of interests between India and other powers in the region, except China.
Indonesia in 2011
Authors: Kimura Ehito 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Corruption and political infighting continued to dominate the headlines in Indonesia in 2011. While lawmakers and political parties continued to be deeply unpopular, new developments dragged President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's popularity down to all-time lows. Religious violence ticked upward and took new forms. Meanwhile, the economy posted strong gains, and the government continued to look for ways to raise its profile on the international stage.
South Korea in 2011
Authors: Katz Katrin , Cha Victor 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The year 2011 saw South Korea deepen bilateral cooperation with the United States while building its status as a global player on the international stage. These developments were facilitated by broader regional dynamics—particularly with respect to Japan and China—that helped push Washington and Seoul closer together. Key issues with the potential to redirect South Korea's bilateral and global trajectories in the coming months include the Korea-U.S. Free Trade Agreement, the death of Kim Jong-il and policy toward North Korea, and election year politics in South Korea.
Adaptation of ghrelin and the GH/IGF axis to high altitude
Authors: Riedl Stefan , Kluge Michael , Schweitzer Katharina , Waldhör Thomas , Frisch Herwig 
Published: March 2012

ObjectiveHigh altitude (HA) provokes a variety of endocrine adaptive processes. We investigated the impact of HA on ghrelin levels and the GH/IGF axis.DesignObservational study as part of a medical multidisciplinary project in a mountainous environment.MethodsThirty-three probands (12 females) were investigated at three timepoints during ascent to HA (A: d −42, 120 m; B: d +4, 3440 m; C: d +14, 5050 m). The following parameters were obtained: ghrelin; GH; GH-binding protein (GHBP); IGF1; IGF2; IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) -1, -2, and -3; acid-labile subunit (ALS); and insulin. Weight was monitored and general well being assessed using the Lake Louise acute mountain sickness (AMS) score.ResultsGhrelin (150 vs 111 pg/ml;P<0.01) and GH (3.4 vs 1.7 μg/l;P<0.01) were significantly higher at timepoint C compared with A whereas GHBP, IGF1, IGF2, IGFBP3, ALS, and insulin levels did not change. IGFBP1 (58 vs 47 μg/l;P<0.05) and, even more pronounced, IGFBP2 (1141 vs 615 μg/l;P<0.001) increased significantly. No correlation, neither sex-specific nor in the total group, between individual weight loss (females: −2.1 kg; males: −5.1 kg) and rise in ghrelin was found. Five of the subjects did not reach investigation point C due to AMS.ConclusionsAfter 14 days of exposure to HA, we observed a significant ghrelin and GH increase without changes in GHBP, IGF1, IGF2, IGFBP3, ALS, and insulin. Higher GH seems to be needed for acute metabolic effects rather than IGF/IGFBP3 generation. Increased IGFBP1 and -2 may reflect effects from HA on IGF bioavailability.
Arrest of atherosclerosis progression after interruption of GH replacement in adults with congenital isolated GH deficiency
Authors: Araujo Vanessa P , Aguiar-Oliveira Manuel H , Oliveira Joselina L M , Rocha Hertaline M N , Oliveira Carla R P , Rodrigues Tânia M A , Nunes Marco A , Britto Isabella M P A , Ximenes Roberto , Barreto-Filho Jose A S , Meneguz-Moreno Rafael A , Pereira Rossana M C , Valença Eugênia H O , Oliveira-Neto Luiz A , Vicente Taisa A R , Blackford Amanda , Salvatori Roberto 
Published: March 2012

ObjectiveGH replacement therapy (GHRT) in adult-onset GH deficiency (AOGHD) reduces carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and increases myocardial mass, with improvement of systolic and diastolic function. These observations have reinforced the use of GHRT on AOGHD. Conversely, we have previously reported that in adults with lifetime congenital and severe isolated GH deficiency (IGHD) due to a mutation inGHRHreceptor gene (GHRHR), a 6-month treatment with depot GH increased carotid IMT, caused the development of atherosclerotic plaques, and an increase in left ventricular mass index (LVMI), posterior wall, and septal thickness and ejection fraction. Such effects persisted 12 months after treatment (12-month washout – 12mo).MethodsWe have studied the cardiovascular status (by echocardiography and carotid ultrasonography) of these subjects 60 months after completion of therapy (60-month washout – 60mo).ResultsCarotid IMT reduced significantly from 12 to 60mo, returning to baseline (pre-therapy) value. The number of individuals with plaques was similar at 12 and 60mo, remaining higher than pre-therapy. LVMI, relative posterior wall thickness, and septum thickness did not change between 12 and 60mo, but absolute posterior wall increased from 12 to 60mo. Systolic function, evaluated by ejection fraction and shortening fraction, was reduced at 60mo in comparison with 12mo returning to baseline levels. TheE/Awave ratio (expression of diastolic function) decreased at 60mo compared with both 12mo and baseline.ConclusionsIn adults with lifetime congenital IGHD, the increase in carotid IMT elicited by GHRT was transitory and returned to baseline 5 years after therapy discontinuation. Despite this, the number of subjects with plaques remained stable at 60mo and higher than at baseline.
A Screen for Round Egg Mutants inDrosophilaIdentifies Tricornered, Furry, and Misshapen as Regulators of Egg Chamber Elongation
Authors: Horne-Badovinac Sally , Hill Joseph , Gerlach Gary , Menegas William , Bilder David 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe elongation of tissues and organs during embryonic development results from the coordinate polarization of cell behaviors with respect to the elongation axis. Within the Drosophila melanogaster ovary, initially spherical egg chambers lengthen dramatically as they develop to create the elliptical shape of the mature egg. This morphogenesis depends on an unusual form of planar polarity within the egg chamber’s outer epithelial cell layer known as the follicle cells. Disruption of follicle cell planar polarity leads to the production of round rather than elongated eggs; however, the molecular mechanisms that control this tissue organization are poorly understood. Starting from a broadly based forward genetic screen, we have isolated 12 new round egg complementation groups, and have identified four of the mutated genes. In mapping the largest complementation group to the fat2 locus, we unexpectedly discovered a high incidence of cryptic fat2 mutations in the backgrounds of publicly available stocks. Three other complementation groups correspond to the genes encoding the cytoplasmic signaling proteins Tricornered (Trc), Furry (Fry), and Misshapen (Msn). Trc and Fry are known members of an NDR kinase signaling pathway, and as a Ste20-like kinase, Msn may function upstream of Trc. We show that all three proteins are required for follicle cell planar polarity at early stages of egg chamber elongation and that Trc shows a planar polarized distribution at the basal follicle cell surface. These results indicate that this new mutant collection is likely to provide novel insight into the molecular mechanisms controlling follicle cell planar polarity and egg chamber elongation.
Production of a Natural Antibody to the Mouse Polyoma Virus Is a Multigenic Trait
Authors: Andrews Erik , Velupillai Palanivel , Sung Chang Kyoo , Beier David R , Benjamin Thomas 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMA/MyJ mice express a natural antibody to the highly oncogenic polyoma virus. C57BR/cdJ mice lack this antibody but mount an adaptive T-cell response to the virus. Analysis of F2 progeny of a cross between these strains reveals a pattern of inheritance of expression of the natural antibody involving two genes in an epistatic relationship.
Product Costs as Decision Aids: An Analysis of Alternative Approaches (Part 2)
Authors: Balakrishnan Ramji , Labro Eva , Sivaramakrishnan K. 
Published: March 2012

SYNOPSIS
In the first part of this two-part paper (Balakrishnan et al. 2012), we used a common platform to characterize four popular approaches for computing product costs. In this part, we compare the approaches along three dimensions: (1) the cost of system implementation and maintenance, (2) the ability to provide decision-relevant data, and (3) the provision of incentives to manage the demand for resources. As no system clearly dominates, we show how future approaches might blend the best features of current systems.
Corporate Reporting of Nonfinancial Leading Indicators of Economic Performance and Sustainability
Authors: Cohen Jeffrey R. , Holder-Webb Lori L. , Nath Leda , Wood David 
Published: March 2012

SYNOPSIS
The call for disclosure of nonfinancial information has grown in response to the awareness that financial statements omit salient information about the company (Adams et al. 2011). This study follows earlier studies of nonfinancial disclosures of governance and corporate social responsibility information (Holder-Webb et al. 2008, 2009) and examines the public voluntary disclosure of a set of leading indicators of economic performance and sustainability of earnings provided during 2004 by a sample of 50 publicly traded firms across five industries. The results indicate that, among the sample firms, there remains a lack of rigorous and expansive disclosure of this type of information and that considerable variability exists in disclosure practice based on both industry and size. For example, companies disclose a wide variety of nonfinancial information both through mandatory filings such as 10-Ks and through alternative sources such as investor promotion materials and company websites, with the most frequent types of disclosures being concerned with information pertaining to market share and innovation. We conclude by discussing the role of this study within recent developments in integrative reporting (Adams et al. 2011) and suggest that these types of disclosures would benefit from the availability of assurance services.
Data Availability: All information used in this paper is available from public sources.
Description of quotient algebras in function algebras containing continuous unbounded functions
Authors: Abel Mati , Arhippainen Jorma , Kauppi Jukka 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Let X be a completely regular Hausdorff space,
$$\mathfrak{S}$$
a cover of X, and
$$C_b (X,\mathbb{K};\mathfrak{S})$$
the algebra of all
$$\mathbb{K}$$
-valued continuous functions on X which are bounded on every
$$S \in \mathfrak{S}$$
. A description of quotient algebras of
$$C_b (X,\mathbb{K};\mathfrak{S})$$
is given with respect to the topologies of uniform and strict convergence on the elements of
$$\mathfrak{S}$$
.
Increased In-Shoe Lateral Plantar Pressures with Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Schmidt Heather , Sauer Lindsay D. , Lee Sae Yong , Saliba Susan , Hertel Jay 
Published: March 2012

Background: Previous plantar pressure research found increased loads and slower loading response on the lateral aspect of the foot during gait with chronic ankle instability compared to healthy controls. The studies had subjects walking barefoot over a pressure mat and results have not been confirmed with an in-shoe plantar pressure system. Our purpose was to report in-shoe plantar pressure measures for chronic ankle instability subjects compared to healthy controls. Methods: Forty-nine subjects volunteered (25 healthy controls, 24 chronic ankle instability) for this case-control study. Subjects jogged continuously on a treadmill at 2.68 m/s (6.0 mph) while three trials of ten consecutive steps were recorded. Peak pressure, time-to-peak pressure, pressure-time integral, maximum force, time-to-maximum force, and force-time integral were assessed in nine regions of the foot with the Pedar-x in-shoe plantar pressure system (Novel, Munich, Germany). Results: Chronic ankle instability subjects demonstrated a slower loading response in the lateral rearfoot indicated by a longer time-to-peak pressure (16.5% ± 10.1, p = 0.001) and time-to-maximum force (16.8% ± 11.3, p = 0.001) compared to controls (6.5% ± 3.7 and 6.6% ± 5.5, respectively). In the lateral midfoot, ankle instability subjects demonstrated significantly greater maximum force (318.8 N ± 174.5, p = 0.008) and peak pressure (211.4 kPa ± 57.7, p = 0.008) compared to controls (191.6 N ± 74.5 and 161.3 kPa ± 54.7). Additionally, ankle instability subjects demonstrated significantly higher force-time integral (44.1 N/s ± 27.3, p = 0.005) and pressure-time integral (35.0 kPa/s ± 12.0, p = 0.005) compared to controls (23.3 N/s ± 10.9 and 24.5 kPa/s ± 9.5). In the lateral forefoot, ankle instability subjects demonstrated significantly greater maximum force (239.9N ± 81.2, p = 0.004), force-time integral (37.0 N/s ± 14.9, p = 0.003), and time-to-peak pressure (51.1% ± 10.9, p = 0.007) compared to controls (170.6 N ± 49.3, 24.3 N/s ± 7.2 and 43.8% ± 4.3). Conclusion: Using an in-shoe plantar pressure system, chronic ankle instability subjects had greater plantar pressures and forces in the lateral foot compared to controls during jogging. Clinical Relevance: These findings may have implications in the etiology and treatment of chronic ankle instability. Level of Evidence: III, Retrospective Case Control Study
Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Physical Examination for Syndesmotic Injury after Lateral Ankle Sprain
Authors: de César Paulo César , Ávila Eduardo Muller , de Abreu Marcelo Rodrigues 
Published: March 2012

Background: Clinical assessment of syndesmotic injury usually consists of two tests: the ankle external rotation test and squeeze test. This study sought to determine the sensitivity and specificity of both for syndesmotic injury secondary to lateral ankle sprain. Methods: Fifty-six patients with sprained ankles underwent clinical examination for syndesmotic injury with the aforementioned tests. Clinical findings were compared against magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the ankle. Sprains were graded on anatomical and functional classification scales, and correlation and agreement between both scales were assessed. Results: The MRI prevalence of syndesmotic injury in patients with lateral ankle sprains was 17.8%. Sensitivity and specificity were 30% and 93.5% for the squeeze test, and 20% and 84.8% for the external rotation test, respectively. Using the anatomical scale for sprain grading, 40% of syndesmotic injuries occurred in Grade I, 40% in Grade II, and 20% in Grade III sprains. Ten percent of patients with syndesmotic injury had no lateral ligament injury on MRI, 70% had injury of the anterior talofibular (ATFL) ligament, and 20% had injury to the ATFL and calcaneofibular (CFL). Conclusion: The sensitivity of the squeeze test and external rotation test was low, suggesting that physical examination often fails to diagnose syndesmotic injury. Conversely, specificity was very high; nearly all patients with a positive test actually had syndesmotic injury. Severity of ankle sprain was not associated with prevalence of syndesmotic injury. Level of Evidence: II, Prospective Comparative Study
Critical Review of Self-Reported Functional Ankle Instability Measures
Authors: Donahue Matthew , Simon Janet , Docherty Carrie L. 
Published: March 2012

Background: Since functional ankle instability (FAI) lacks a “gold standard” measure, a variety of self-reported ankle instability measures have been created. The purpose of this study was to determine which ankle instability measure identifies individuals who meet a minimum acceptable criterion for FAI. Methods: Participants volunteered from a large university population which included 242 participants (104 males, 138 females; 21.4 ± 1.4 years). The predictor variables were seven ankle instability questionnaires: Ankle Instability Instrument (AII), Ankle Joint Functional Assessment Tool (AJFAT), Chronic Ankle Instability Scale (CAIS), Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT), Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), Foot and Ankle Instability Questionnaire (FAIQ), and Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS). The outcome variable (MC_FAI) was created based on the minimum acceptable criteria for FAI. This was established as at least one ankle sprain and an episode of giving way. Data were modeled using chi-square and multinomial logistic regression. Results: The regression model revealed all of the questionnaires were more useful at identifying participants who did not meet the minimum criteria for FAI (No MC_FAI = 95.7%, MC_FAI = 55.6%, overall = 84.6%). Based on the Wald criterion, the full model was reduced to the CAIT, AII, and FAAM. The reduced model revealed the CAIT (X 2 = 8.756, p = 0.003) and AII (X 2 = 31.992, p = 0.001) as the only variables that had a significant relationship with the outcome variable. Conclusion: The model illustrates no single measure was able to predict if individuals met the minimally accepted criteria for FAI. However, a significantly accurate prediction of ankle stability status was produced by combining the CAIT and AII. Clinical Relevance: Based on the results we recommend that researchers and clinicians use both the CAIT and AII to determine ankle stability status.
American Cancer Society, American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology, and American Society for Clinical Pathology screening guidelines for the prevention and early detection of cervical cancer
Authors: Saslow Debbie , Solomon Diane , Lawson Herschel W. , Killackey Maureen , Kulasingam Shalini L. , Cain Joanna , Garcia Francisco A. R. , Moriarty Ann T. , Waxman Alan G. , Wilbur David C. , Wentzensen Nicolas , Downs Levi S. , Spitzer Mark , Moscicki Anna‐Barbara , Franco Eduardo L. , Stoler Mark H. , Schiffman Mark , Castle Philip E. , Myers Evan R. ,   ACS‐ASCCP‐ASCP Cervical Cancer Guideline Committee
Published: March 2012

AbstractAn update to the American Cancer Society (ACS) guideline regarding screening for the early detection of cervical precancerous lesions and cancer is presented. The guidelines are based on a systematic evidence review, contributions from 6 working groups, and a recent symposium cosponsored by the ACS, the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology, and the American Society for Clinical Pathology, which was attended by 25 organizations. The new screening recommendations address age‐appropriate screening strategies, including the use of cytology and high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, follow‐up (eg, the management of screen positives and screening intervals for screen negatives) of women after screening, the age at which to exit screening, future considerations regarding HPV testing alone as a primary screening approach, and screening strategies for women vaccinated against HPV16 and HPV18 infections. CA Cancer J Clin 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of a Brucella melitensis infection misidentified as Bergeyella zoohelcum
Authors: Dash Nihar , Panigrahi Debadatta , Al-Zarouni Mansour , Mishra Sanjeet 
Published: March 2012

Misidentification of Brucella species from clinical specimens using commercial bacterial identification systems is a recurring problem. An isolate from a bacterimic patient was identified as Bergeyella zoohelcum by MicroScan Walk-Away (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc., West Sacramento, CA, USA) and as Brucella melitensis by Vitek 2 system (bioMérieux Inc., Durham, NC, USA). Because of this identification ambiguity by the two automated bacterial identification systems we performed 16S rRNA sequencing and serotyping of the isolate and confirmed it as a Brucella spp. Combining the sequence data with the Vitek 2 system data we conclude that the infection was caused by B. melitensis.
Harvest Distribution and Derivation of Atlantic Flyway Canada Geese
Authors: Klimstra Jon D. , Padding Paul I. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Harvest management of Canada geese Branta canadensis is complicated by the fact that temperate- and subarctic-breeding geese occur in many of the same areas during fall and winter hunting seasons. These populations cannot readily be distinguished, thereby complicating efforts to estimate population-specific harvest and evaluate harvest strategies. In the Atlantic Flyway, annual banding and population monitoring programs are in place for subarctic-breeding (North Atlantic Population, Southern James Bay Population, and Atlantic Population) and temperate-breeding (Atlantic Flyway Resident Population [AFRP]) Canada geese. We used a combination of direct band recoveries and estimated population sizes to determine the distribution and derivation of the harvest of those four populations during the 2004–2005 through 2008–2009 hunting seasons. Most AFRP geese were harvested during the special September season (42%) and regular season (54%) and were primarily taken in the state or province in which they were banded. Nearly all of the special season harvest was AFRP birds: 98% during September seasons and 89% during late seasons. The regular season harvest in Atlantic Flyway states was also primarily AFRP geese (62%), followed in importance by the Atlantic Population (33%). In contrast, harvest in eastern Canada consisted mainly of subarctic geese (42% Atlantic Population, 17% North Atlantic Population, and 6% Southern James Bay Population), with temperate-breeding geese making up the rest. Spring and summer harvest was difficult to characterize because band reporting rates for subsistence hunters are poorly understood; consequently, we were unable to determine the magnitude of subsistence harvest definitively. A better understanding of subsistence hunting is needed because this activity may account for a substantial proportion of the total harvest of subarctic populations. Our results indicate that special September and late seasons in the United States were highly effective in targeting AFRP geese without significantly increasing harvest of subarctic populations. However, it is evident that AFRP geese still are not being harvested at levels high enough to reduce their numbers to the breeding population goal of 700,000.
Coadministration of Cyclosporin a with Prednisolone in Acute Interstitial Pneumonia Complicating Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis
Authors: Shimojima Yasuhiro , Ishii Wataru , Matsuda Masayuki , Katoh Nagaaki , Tazawa Ko-ichi , Sekijima Yoshiki , Ikeda Shu-ichi 
Published: March 2012

Objective To investigate clinical effectiveness of prednisolone (PSL) and cyclosporin A (CyA), particularly continuous intravenous administration of the latter, in patients with interstitial pneumonia (IP) associated with polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM). Methods We reviewed the clinical findings and therapeutic outcomes of patients with PM/DM who had received PSL and CyA (PSL + CyA, n = 21 for DM and 2 for PM) or the former alone (n = 12 for DM and 7 for PM). All patients receiving PSL + CyA had active IP. Results Fifteen of the 21 DM patients receiving PSL + CyA showed favorable therapeutic outcomes of IP (recovery group), while the remaining 6 died of respiratory failure (death group). Before treatment PaO2 in room air and %VC were significantly lower, and the total CT score was significantly higher in the death group than in the recovery one. Continuous intravenous administration of CyA was performed in 6 patients for severe IP requiring oxygen therapy, and of these 2 showed complete recovery from it. Conclusions Coadministration of PSL and CyA, particularly continuous intravenous infusion of the latter, from the early phase of illness may be a potent therapeutic option for PM/DM patients with decreases in PaO2 and %VC and/or a high total CT score suggestive of a poor prognosis.