bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of silver nanofluid containing oleic acid surfactant in a thermosyphon economizer
Authors: Parametthanuwat Thanya , Rittidech Sampan , Pattiya Adisak , Ding Yulong , Witharana Sanjeeva 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis article reports a recent study on the application of a two-phase closed thermosyphon (TPCT) in a thermosyphon for economizer (TPEC). The TPEC had three sections of equal size; the evaporator, the adiabatic section, and the condenser, of 250 mm × 250 mm × 250 mm (W × L × H). The TPCT was a steel tube of 12.7-mm ID. The filling ratios chosen to study were 30, 50, and 80% with respect to the evaporator length. The volumetric flow rates for the coolant (in the condenser) were 1, 2.5, and 5 l/min. Five working fluids investigated were: water, water-based silver nanofluid with silver concentration 0.5 w/v%, and the nanofluid (NF) mixed with 0.5, 1, and 1.5 w/v% of oleic acid (OA). The operating temperatures were 60, 70, and 80°C. Experimental data showed that the TPEC gave the highest heat flux of about 25 kW/m2 and the highest effectiveness of about 0.3 at a filling ratio of 50%, with the nanofluid containing 1 w/v% of OA. It was further found that the effectiveness of nanofluid and the OA containing nanofluids were superior in effectiveness over water in all experimental conditions came under this study. Moreover, the presence of OA had clearly contributed to raise the effectiveness of the nanofluid.
Identification of a spliced gene from duck enteritis virus encoding a protein homologous to UL15 of herpes simplex virus 1
Authors: Zhu Hongwei , Li Huixin , Han Zongxi , Shao Yuhao , Wang Yu , Kong Xiangang 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
In herpesviruses, UL15 homologue is a subunit of terminase complex responsible for cleavage and packaging of the viral genome into pre-assembled capsids. However, for duck enteritis virus (DEV), the causative agent of duck viral enteritis (DVE), the genomic sequence was not completely determined until most recently. There is limited information of this putative spliced gene and its encoding protein.

Results
DEV UL15 consists of two exons with a 3.5 kilobases (kb) inron and transcribes into two transcripts: the full-length UL15 and an N-terminally truncated UL15.5. The 2.9 kb UL15 transcript encodes a protein of 739 amino acids with an approximate molecular mass of 82 kiloDaltons (kDa), whereas the UL15.5 transcript is 1.3 kb in length, containing a putative 888 base pairs (bp) ORF that encodes a 32 kDa product. We also demonstrated that UL15 gene belonged to the late kinetic class as its expression was sensitive to cycloheximide and phosphonoacetic acid. UL15 is highly conserved within the Herpesviridae, and contains Walker A and B motifs homologous to the catalytic subunit of the bacteriophage terminase as revealed by sequence analysis. Phylogenetic tree constructed with the amino acid sequences of 23 herpesvirus UL15 homologues suggests a close relationship of DEV to the Mardivirus genus within the Alphaherpesvirinae. Further, the UL15 and UL15.5 proteins can be detected in the infected cell lysate but not in the sucrose density gradient-purified virion when reacting with the antiserum against UL15. Within the CEF cells, the UL15 and/or UL15.5 localize(s) in the cytoplasm at 6 h post infection (h p. i.) and mainly in the nucleus at 12 h p. i. and at 24 h p. i., while accumulate(s) in the cytoplasm in the absence of any other viral protein.

Conclusions
DEV UL15 is a spliced gene that encodes two products encoded by 2.9 and 1.3 kb transcripts respectively. The UL15 is expressed late during infection. The coding sequences of DEV UL15 are very similar to those of alphaherpesviruses and most similar to the genus Mardivirus. The UL15 and/or UL15.5 accumulate(s) in the cytoplasm during early times post-infection and then are translocated to the nucleus at late times.
Interferon alpha regulates MAPK and STAT1 pathways in human hepatoma cells
Authors: Zhao Lan-Juan , Hua Xian , He Sheng-Fei , Ren Hao , Qi Zhong-Tian 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundSignaling events triggered by interferon (IFN) account for the molecular mechanisms of antiviral effect. JAK-STAT pathway plays a critical role in IFN signaling, and other pathways are also implicated in IFN-mediated antiviral effect. Changes in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and STAT1 pathways were evaluated in human hepatoma cells Huh7 and HepG2 upon IFN alpha treatment.ResultsPhosphorylation of ERK was significantly and specifically up-regulated, whereas enhanced phosphorylation of upstream kinase MEK was unobservable upon IFN alpha treatment. A mild increase in p38 MAPK, SAPK/JNK and downstream target ATF-2 phosphorylation was detectable after exposure to IFN alpha, indicating differential up-regulation of the MAPK signaling cascades. Moreover, STAT1 phosphorylation was strongly enhanced by IFN alpha.ConclusionIFN alpha up-regulates MAPK and STAT1 pathways in human hepatoma cells, and may provide useful information for understanding the IFN signaling.
Medical Research Council dyspnea scale does not relate to fibroblast foci profusion in IPF
Authors: Triantafillidou Christina , Manali Effrosyni D , Magkou Christina , Sotiropoulou Christina , Kolilekas Likurgos F , Kagouridis Konstantinos , Rontogianni Dimitra , Papiris Spyros A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
In Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) irreversibly progressive fibrosing parenchymal damage, leads to defects in mechanics and gas exchange, manifesting with disabling exertional dyspnea. Previous studies have shown a relationship between fibroblast foci (FF) profusion and severity and survival and a relationship between dyspnea grade and severity and outcome. We hypothesized a relationship between Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnea scale with FF, and a relationship between FF and functional parameters and survival.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 24 histologically documented IPF patients. Profusion of FF was semiquantitatively evaluated by two scores, Brompton and Michigan. Survival analysis was performed by fitting Cox regression models to examine the relationship of the two scores with survival and the non-parametric Spearman correlation coefficient was calculated to describe the relationships of FF scores with dyspnea scores and functional parameters.

Results
No statistically significant correlation between FF scores and the MRC scores was observed (p = 0.96 and p = 0.508 respectively). No significant correlation between FF scores and survival (p = 0.438 and p = 0.861 respectively) or any functional parameter was observed.

Conclusions
The lack of relationship between the MRC dyspnea scale and the FF might relate to the fact that dyspnea in IPF better reflects the overall of lung damage and its related consequences on mechanics and gas exchange whereas FF, one of its histological hallmarks, may not reflect its entire histology derangement also constrained by the geographically limited sampled tissue. This might be also valid for the observed lack of association between FF and survival or functional parameters.
Microalbuminuria in relation to the metabolic syndrome and its components in a Chinese population
Authors: Sheng Chang-Sheng , Hu Bang-Chuan , Fan Wang-Xiang , Zou Jun , Li Yan , Wang Ji-Guang 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
We investigated the prevalence of microalbuminuria and its association with the metabolic syndrome and its components in a Chinese population.

Methods
The study subjects were recruited from a newly established residential area in the suburb of Shanghai. We measured anthropometry, blood pressure (BP), fasting plasma glucose, and serum lipids, and collected spot urine samples for the determination of albumin-creatinine ratio. We defined microalbuminuria as a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio of 30 to 299 mg/g. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria.

Results
The 1079 participants included 410 (38.0%) hypertensive patients, and 66 (6.1%) diabetic patients. The prevalence of microalbuminuria (4.3%) was 3.2 times higher in 167 patients with the metabolic syndrome than 912 subjects without the metabolic syndrome (12.0% vs. 2.9%, P < 0.0001). In multiple regression adjusted for sex, age, body mass index, current smoking, alcohol intake and the use of antihypertensive drugs, and mutually adjusted for the components, microalbuminuria was significantly associated with diastolic BP (odds ratio 1.74 for +10 mmHg; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10-2.76; P = 0.02) and fasting plasma glucose (1.18; 95% CI 1.01-1.41; P = 0.04), but not with waist circumference, systolic BP, or serum HDL cholesterol and triglycerides (P > 0.10).

Conclusions
Microalbuminuria is common in the Chinese population, and much more prevalent in the presence of the metabolic syndrome, mainly attributable to elevated diastolic BP and plasma glucose.
Kisspeptin Resets the Hypothalamic GnRH Clock in Men
Authors: Chan Yee-Ming , Butler James P. , Pinnell Nancy E. , Pralong François P. , Crowley William F. , Ren Chen , Chan Kenneth K. , Seminara Stephanie B. 
Published: April 2011

Context:
Reproduction in all mammals is controlled by a hypothalamic clock that produces periodic secretory pulses of GnRH, but how the timing of these pulses is determined is poorly understood. The neuropeptide kisspeptin potently and selectively stimulates the secretion of GnRH. Although this property of kisspeptin is well described, the effects of kisspeptin on endogenous GnRH pulse generation remain largely unexplored.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to detail the effects of kisspeptin on GnRH secretion, as reflected by LH secretion, in men.

Participants:
Thirteen healthy adult men participated in the study.

Intervention:
The intervention was the administration of a single iv bolus of the C-terminal decapeptide of kisspeptin (amino acids 112–121 of the parent protein).

Results:
Kisspeptin induced an immediate LH pulse, regardless of the timing of the previous endogenous pulse. The kisspeptin-induced pulses were on average larger than endogenous pulses (amplitude 5.0 ± 1.0 vs. 2.1 ± 0.3 mIU/ml, P = 0.02). Comparison of the morphology of kisspeptin-induced LH pulses in healthy men with that of GnRH-induced LH pulses in men with isolated GnRH deficiency suggests that a single iv bolus of kisspeptin triggered sustained GnRH release lasting approximately 17 min. Furthermore, kisspeptin reset the GnRH pulse generator, as it not only induced an immediate LH pulse but also delayed the next endogenous pulse by an interval approximating the normal interpulse interval.

Conclusions:
As the first known agent capable of resetting the hypothalamic GnRH pulse generator, kisspeptin can be used as a physiological tool for studying GnRH pulse generation and opens a door to understanding the mechanisms of biological clocks in general.
Characterization of Glycolipids in Light-Harvesting Chlorosomes from the Green Photosynthetic Bacterium Chlorobium tepidum
Authors: Yoshitomi Taichi , Mizoguchi Tadashi , Kunieda Michio , Tamiaki Hitoshi 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Glycolipids were isolated from extramembraneous light-harvesting complexes, called “chlorosomes,” in a thermophilic green photosynthetic bacterium Chlorobium tepidum. The lipids were first characterized in terms of their precise structures of both hydrophilic (saccharides) and hydrophobic (fatty acids) moieties by means of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy as well as high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with an evaporative light-scattering detector and an electron spray ionization mass spectrometer. The results clearly demonstrated that glycolipids having a disaccharide group, rhamnosylgalactosyldiacylglycerides, were the majority in the total glycolipid component of the chlorosomes, in addition to the second major glycolipids with a monosaccharide group, monogalactosyldiacylglycerides, which had been believed to be predominant before the report by Miller and her co-workers (Photosynth. Res.2008, 95, 191–196). We also found that these glycolipids had methylene-bridged palmitoleyl (=(Z)-9-hexadecenoyl) (17:1) and palmitoyl groups (16:0) as their predominant acyl chains on the glycerol moiety. By using enzymatically site-specific hydrolysis of the acyl chain at the sn-1 position on the glycerol, the modified palmitoleyl group was determined to be esterified at the sn-1 position. These unique glycolipids might play an important role in maintaining fluidization of chlorosomal envelopes and achieving thermal stability of chlorosomes at 45 °C.
Synthesis of Horn-Like BN Derived from Thorn-Like Ca2B2O5·H2O
Authors: Zhao Guowei , Wang Jilin , Zhang Laiping , Gu Yunle , Li Jie , Qian Qiongli , Pan Xinye 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Boron nitride (BN) with horn-like morphology was synthesized by the reaction of thorn-like Ca2B2O5·H2O and ammonia at 950 °C for 10 h. XRD, SEM, TEM, and HRTEM were used for characterization. Possible reaction and growth mechanisms were also discussed.
Cystic Fibrosis Carrier Testing in an Ethnically Diverse US Population
Authors: Rohlfs Elizabeth M , Zhou Zhaoqing , Heim Ruth A , Nagan Narasimhan , Rosenblum Lynne S , Flynn Kerry , Scholl Thomas , Akmaev Viatcheslav R , Sirko-Osadsa D Alexa , Allitto Bernice A , Sugarman Elaine A 
Published: April 2011

BACKGROUND
The incidence of cystic fibrosis (CF) and the frequency of specific disease-causing mutations vary among populations. Affected individuals experience a range of serious clinical consequences, notably lung and pancreatic disease, which are only partially dependent on genotype.

METHODS
An allele-specific primer-extension reaction, liquid-phase hybridization to a bead array, and subsequent fluorescence detection were used in testing for carriers of 98 CFTR [cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (ATP-binding cassette sub-family C, member 7)] mutations among 364 890 referred individuals with no family history of CF.

RESULTS
One in 38 individuals carried one of the 98 CFTR mutations included in this panel. Of the 87 different mutations detected, 18 were limited to a single ethnic group. African American, Hispanic, and Asian individuals accounted for 33% of the individuals tested. The mutation frequency distribution of Caucasians was significantly different from that of each of these ethnic groups (P &lt; 1 × 10−10).

CONCLUSIONS
Carrier testing using a broad mutation panel detects differences in the distribution of mutations among ethnic groups in the US.
Übersetzung von Metasprache: Bericht einer Untersuchung am Beispiel der französischen Version von T. W. Adornos Jargon der Eigentlichkeit
Authors: Linares Pablo 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMetalanguage is the expression of language's self-referentiality. It is most evident in cases of autonymy, i. e. when a word is used to signify itself, which provide for downright untranslability on a semantical level. However, a language-critical text like Adorno's
Textanalyse und Übersetzungskommentar des Backrezeptes „KEY LIME PIE“ aus dem Backbuch „United Cakes of America“ von Warren Brown
Authors: Haberland Jana 
Published: April 2011

AbstractOne of the most important fields in translator's work is the translation of instruction texts – a text type that clearly ref lects the functional concept of intercultural text transfer. Its text type norms are highly conventionalised and vary from one culture to another. But instruction texts may also contain several other cultural and language specifics that need to be adapted to the target culture. Using the example of a recipe, the author points out the importance of a thorough text analysis to sustain functional adequacy, which is the priority objective for that kind of text. The analysis is followed by a commentary on the translational decisions, stating the strategies and methods used to achieve the priority objective.
Reactions in Trifluoropropene and Trifluoropropyne Triggered by Low-Energy (0–12 eV) Electrons: From Single Bond Cleavages to Complex Unimolecular Decompositions
Authors: Kopyra Janina , Dabkowska Iwona , Illenberger Eugen 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Electron impact to trifluoropropene (CF3CH=CH2) and trifluoropropyne (CF3C≡CH) leads to rich resonant structures observed in the ion yields of various negatively charged fragment ions which are formed via resonant dissociative electron attachment (DEA). In the range between 1.8 and 3 eV the transient negative ions (TNIs) formed by electron attachment are assigned to one particle shape resonances of π
* character, above 5 eV as two particle core excited resonances and in the energy range below 1 eV as diffuse transient negative ion states formed by polarisation and dipole forces. These transient parent anions decompose into various negatively charged fragments by the cleavage of single bonds (formation of F− and CF3
−) but also via surprisingly complex unimolecular processes involving multiple bond cleavages, geometrical and electronic rearrangement in the transient anion and formation of new bonds.
Quantitative Study of 4He Real Gas Effects Using Supersonic Beams
Authors: Christen Wolfgang , Rademann Klaus 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The experimental realization of accurately defined source conditions, combined with an undisturbed flight path of precisely known length, permits the generation of supersonic molecular beams with an extremely well characterized axial velocity distribution. This achievement can be used for a quantitative assessment of theoretical models of condensation during the jet expansion, based on high accuracy equations of state. For helium-4, which is commonly put on a level with the ideal gas, we contrast two empirical equations of state with respect to enthalpy changes. These can be validated through a comparison with experimentally determined mean terminal flow velocities. At cryogenic temperatures, strong deviations from the ideal gas behavior are observed. Most notably, even the differences between the predictions of the two fundamental equations are large enough to be distinguished by high-resolution time-of-flight measurements.
AME Position Statement on adrenal incidentaloma
Authors: Terzolo M , Stigliano A , Chiodini I , Loli P , Furlani L , Arnaldi G , Reimondo G , Pia A , Toscano V , Zini M , Borretta G , Papini E , Garofalo P , Allolio B , Dupas B , Mantero F , Tabarin A 
Published: April 2011

ObjectiveTo assess currently available evidence on adrenal incidentaloma and provide recommendations for clinical practice.DesignA panel of experts (appointed by the Italian Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AME)) appraised the methodological quality of the relevant studies, summarized their results, and discussed the evidence reports to find consensus.Radiological assessmentUnenhanced computed tomography (CT) is recommended as the initial test with the use of an attenuation value of ≤10 Hounsfield units (HU) to differentiate between adenomas and non-adenomas. For tumors with a higher baseline attenuation value, we suggest considering delayed contrast-enhanced CT studies. Positron emission tomography (PET) or PET/CT should be considered when CT is inconclusive, whereas fine needle aspiration biopsy may be used only in selected cases suspicious of metastases (after biochemical exclusion of pheochromocytoma).Hormonal assessmentPheochromocytoma and excessive overt cortisol should be ruled out in all patients, whereas primary aldosteronism has to be considered in hypertensive and/or hypokalemic patients. The 1 mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test is the test recommended for screening of subclinical Cushing's syndrome (SCS) with a threshold at 138 nmol/l for considering this condition. A value of 50 nmol/l virtually excludes SCS with an area of uncertainty between 50 and 138 nmol/l.ManagementSurgery is recommended for masses with suspicious radiological aspects and masses causing overt catecholamine or steroid excess. Data are insufficient to make firm recommendations for or against surgery in patients with SCS. However, adrenalectomy may be considered when an adequate medical therapy does not reach the treatment goals of associated diseases potentially linked to hypercortisolism.
Clinical and metabolic characteristics of acromegalic patients with high IGF1/normal GH levels during somatostatin analog treatment
Authors: Matta Maria , Bongard Vanina , Grunenwald Solange , Maiza Jean-Christophe , Bennet Antoine , Caron Philippe 
Published: April 2011

ContextDivergence between GH and IGF1 values are often reported in treated acromegalic patients, but the mechanisms of this discrepancy have not been completely explored.ObjectiveTo evaluate the frequency of divergence between GH and IGF1 values and identify the role of clinical and metabolic factors in treated patients with acromegaly, according to the latest criteria of Cure published in July 2010.DesignRetrospective study of patients' records between October 2002 and March 2008. Patients were grouped according to their mean GH and IGF1 values as ‘controlled’ (normal GH and IGF1), ‘divergent’ (high IGF1 and normal GH) and ‘uncontrolled’ (high GH and IGF1), and compared with respect to their clinical characteristics and metabolic markers.ResultsPatients (n=104) were grouped as ‘controlled’ (n=20), ‘divergent’ (n=43) and ‘uncontrolled’ (n=41). More patients in the divergent group (93%) and uncontrolled group (98%) were treated with somatostatin analogs than in the controlled group (65%; P=0.001 for the comparison of the three groups). Patients in the divergent group had higher fasting blood glucose (0.94 g/l (interquartile range: 0.83–1.17)) and systolic blood pressure (130 mmHg (120–140) compared with the controlled group (0.84 g/l (0.80–0.92); P=0.017) and 120 mmHg (interquartile range: 110–130; P=0.029). In patients with divergent IGF1/GH levels, fasting glucose and GH were both strongly associated with IGF1.ConclusionTotally 41% of treated acromegalic patients had a high IGF1 and normal GH level. In these divergent patients treated with somatostatin analogs, these clinical and metabolic parameters might either play a causal role or be a marker for disease activity.
Postablation 131I scintigraphy with neck and thorax SPECT–CT and stimulated serum thyroglobulin level predict the outcome of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Ciappuccini Renaud , Heutte Natacha , Trzepla Géraldine , Rame Jean-Pierre , Vaur Dominique , Aide Nicolas , Bardet Stéphane 
Published: April 2011

ObjectiveNeck and thorax single photon emission computed tomography with computed tomography (SPECT–CT) improves the reliability of postablation 131I whole-body scan (WBS) for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value for persistent or recurrent disease of postablation 131I scintigraphy combining WBS and neck and thorax SPECT–CT with that of the previously known predictive factors.MethodsThis is a single referral center prospective study with a median follow-up of 29 months. Postablation 131I WBS and neck and thorax SPECT–CT were performed in 170 consecutive patients treated between 2006 and 2008. Stimulated serum thyroglobulin (Tg) and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) levels were measured. The impact on disease-free survival of age; gender; postablation 131I scintigraphy; stimulated serum Tg level; T, N, and M status; and macroscopic lymph node involvement was assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsPersistent or recurrent disease was observed in 32 (19%) patients. In the whole group of patients, only positive WBS with SPECT–CT was related to an increased risk of persistent or recurrent disease (hazards ratio (HR)=65.21, 95% confidence interval (CI)=26.03–163.39, P<0.0001). In patients without TgAb (n=146), both positive WBS with SPECT–CT (HR=18.86, 95% CI=5.02–70.85, P<0.0001) and serum Tg level ≥58 ng/ml (HR=4.42, 95% CI=1.18–16.53, P=0.0271) were associated with an increased risk.ConclusionIn patients with DTC, the cross analysis of postablation 131I scintigraphy with neck and thorax SPECT–CT and stimulated serum Tg level enables early assessment of the risk of persistent or recurrent disease.