bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variant alleles of the Wnt antagonist FRZB are determinants of hip shape and modify the relationship between hip shape and osteoarthritis
Authors: Baker‐LePain Julie C. , Lynch John A. , Parimi Neeta , McCulloch Charles E. , Nevitt Michael C. , Corr Maripat , Lane Nancy E. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo test whether single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the FRZB gene are associated with hip shape, and to determine whether FRZB variant alleles affect the relationship between hip shape and radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip.MethodsA nested case–control study of Caucasian women, age ≥65 years, from the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures cohort was performed. Cases (n = 451) were defined as subjects with radiographic evidence of incident hip OA during followup, while controls (n = 601) were subjects in whom no radiographic hip OA was identified at baseline or followup. Statistical shape modeling (SSM) of the digitized hip radiographs was performed to assess the shape of the proximal femur, using 10 independent modes of shape variation generated by principal components analysis. In addition, center‐edge angle and acetabular depth were assessed as geometric measurements of acetabular shape. The association of the rs288326 and rs7775 FRZB variant alleles with hip shape was analyzed using linear regression. The effect of these alleles on the relationship between hip shape and radiographic hip OA was analyzed using a logistic regression model with or without inclusion of interaction terms.ResultsThe rs288326 and rs7775 alleles were associated with the shape of the proximal femur (SSM mode 2). There was a significant interaction between the rs288326 SNP and proximal femur shape (SSM mode 2) in predicting radiographic hip OA (P for interaction = 0.022). Among subjects with the rs288326 variant allele, there was an increased likelihood of radiographic hip OA in association with increasing quartiles of proximal femur shape mode 2 (for the fourth quartile of mode 2, odds ratio 2.5, 95% confidence interval 1.15, 5.25; P for linear trend = 0.02).ConclusionThe rs288326 and rs7775 FRZB SNPs are associated with the shape of the proximal femur. The presence of the rs288326 SNP alters the relationship between proximal femur shape and incident radiographic hip OA. These findings suggest that FRZB may serve an important role in determining hip shape and may modify the relationship between hip shape and OA.
Childhood primary angiitis of the central nervous system: Identifying disease trajectories and early risk factors for persistently higher disease activity
Authors: Cellucci Tania , Tyrrell Pascal N. , Sheikh Shehla , Benseler Susanne M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo compare clinical, laboratory, and imaging characteristics of childhood primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) subtypes at diagnosis and during followup; to characterize disease activity trajectories in childhood PACNS subtypes; and to identify early risk factors for higher disease activity.MethodsWe performed a single‐center cohort study of consecutive children diagnosed as having childhood PACNS. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and imaging data were collected at diagnosis and during standardized clinic visits. Outcome measures included disease activity measured by physician's global assessment. Descriptive statistics were used to assess characteristics of the study cohort, and longitudinal data were analyzed using linear mixed‐effects regression.ResultsThe study cohort consisted of 45 patients with childhood PACNS; 26 had angiography‐negative childhood PACNS and 19 had angiography‐positive childhood PACNS. There were 24 females, the median age at diagnosis was 9.8 years, and the median followup period was 1.8 years. Patients with angiography‐negative childhood PACNS were more likely to be female and to present with seizures, cognitive dysfunction, vision abnormalities, high levels of inflammatory markers, and bilateral findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Motor deficits and ischemic MRI lesions were more common in angiography‐positive disease. Disease activity decreased significantly after treatment in all patients. Distinct trajectories of disease activity over time were identified for both childhood PACNS subtypes. Patients with angiography‐negative childhood PACNS had persistently higher disease activity. Seizures at presentation also predicted higher disease activity over time.ConclusionDistinct subtypes of childhood PACNS have unique disease activity trajectories. Patients with angiography‐negative disease and seizures at presentation experience higher disease activity. Early recognition of this high‐risk cohort may enable the treating physician to initiate targeted therapies and prevent long‐term brain injury.
Simplified metrics for the identification of the Madden–Julian oscillation in models
Authors: Sperber Kenneth R. , Kim Daehyun 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe propose simplified metrics to evaluate the fidelity with which the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is simulated in climate models. These metrics are based on lag correlation analysis of principal component time series (PCs). The PCs are obtained by projecting simulated 20–100 day bandpass filtered daily outgoing longwave radiation onto the two leading empirical orthogonal functions of observed MJO variability. The simplified MJO metrics, the maximum positive correlation and time lag at which it occurs, provide consistent information relative to more complex diagnostics developed by the Madden–Julian Oscillation Working Group (CLIVAR MJOWG) and by Kim et al. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Prognostic‐cloud‐scheme increment diagnostics: a novel addition to the case‐study tool kit
Authors: Morcrette Cyril J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractCloud increment diagnostics, from a simulation of present‐day climate using a prognostic cloud scheme and from a case‐study of a mid‐latitude system, are used to highlight the variation in parametrized processes contributing to the creation and removal of cloud in the model. The diagnostics show that the initialization of the cloud fields away from cloud fractions of zero and one is a significant contribution to their evolution, drawing attention to the importance of the assumptions made when calculating those increments and highlighting a part of the cloud scheme where future development should be focused. © 2012 British Crown copyright, the Met Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Using the Cre/loxsystem for targeted integration into the human genome:loxFAS‐loxP pairing and delayed introduction of Cre DNA improve gene swapping efficiency
Authors: Lanza Amanda M. , Dyess Timothy J. , Alper Hal S. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractCre recombinase is a commonly‐used genome editing tool suitable for site‐specific integrations in mammalian genomes; however, the efficiency of transgenic swapping events compared to excision remains limited. Here we sought to identify important parameters and limiting factors that influence swapping propensity in this system, especially when using one wild‐typeloxPsite. To modulate and increase the occurrence of swapping events, we identified two novel parameters. First, we identified theloxFAS‐loxPpairing, a sequence never before used in mammalian systems, as the best choice for increasing swapping events in human cell lines. Second, for the first time we implicate the importance of delayed introduction of Cre DNA for optimal swapping efficiency. This same modification could potentially be of use to other systems catalyzing trimolecular reactions such as ΦC31 integrase and FLP recombinase where we hypothesize that transport of the exchange cassette is likewise initially rate limiting. The total number of recombination events, but not the ratio of swapping to excision, was found to be influenced by the quantity of Cre DNA transfected. Through this study, we were able to obtain Cre‐mediated swapping frequencies of 8–12% without antibiotic enrichment, which represents nearly an order of magnitude increase over prior reports in the literature.
Selective hepatic vascular exclusion versus Pringle manoeuvre in liver resection for tumours encroaching on major hepatic veins
Authors: Zhang J , Lai E C H , Zhou W-P , Fu S , Pan Z , Yang Y , Lau W Y , Wu M-C 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Background
Control of bleeding is crucial during liver resection, and several techniques have been developed to achieve this. This study compared the safety and efficacy of selective hepatic vascular exclusion (SHVE) and Pringle manoeuvre in partial hepatectomy for liver tumours compressing or involving major hepatic veins.

Methods
All patients undergoing liver resection between January 2003 and December 2010 for liver tumours compressing or involving one or more major hepatic veins were identified retrospectively from a prospective institutional database. Either SHVE or Pringle manoeuvre was used to minimize blood loss during hepatectomy. Data on demographics and the intraoperative and postoperative course were analysed.

Results
From the database of 3900 patients, 1420 were identified who underwent liver resection for tumours encroaching on major hepatic veins using either SHVE (550) or the Pringle manoeuvre (870). Intraoperative blood loss (mean(s.d.) 480(210) versus 830(340) ml; P = 0·007) and transfusion requirements (mean(s.d.) 1·3(0·6) versus 2·9(1·4) units; P = 0·008) were significantly less in the SHVE group. In the Pringle group, hepatic vein injury resulted in major intraoperative bleeding of over 1000 ml in 65 patients (7·5 per cent) and air embolism in 14 (1·6 per cent), and three patients (0·3 per cent) died during surgery, whereas there was no major bleeding, air embolism or intraoperative death in the SHVE group. Postoperative liver failure, multiple organ failure and in-hospital death were significantly more common in the Pringle group (P = 0·019, P = 0·032 and P = 0·004 respectively).

Conclusion
SHVE was more efficacious than the Pringle manoeuvre in minimizing intraoperative bleeding and air embolism during partial hepatectomy for tumours encroaching on major hepatic veins, and decreased the postoperative liver failure rate.
Water‐Soluble Red‐Emitting Distyryl‐Borondipyrromethene (BODIPY) Dyes for Biolabeling
Authors: Niu Song‐lin , Massif Cédrik , Ulrich Gilles , Renard Pierre‐Yves , Romieu Anthony , Ziessel Raymond 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA series of water‐soluble red‐emitting distyryl‐borondipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes were designed and synthesized by using three complementary approaches aimed at introducing water‐solubilizing groups on opposite faces of the fluorescent core to reduce or completely suppress self‐aggregation. An additional carboxylic acid functional group was introduced at the pseudo‐meso position of the BODIPY scaffold for conjugation to amine‐containing biomolecules/biopolymers. The optical properties of these dyes were evaluated under simulated physiological conditions (i.e., phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.5) or in pure water. The emission wavelength (λmax) of these labels was found in the 640–660 nm range with quantum yields from modest to unprecedentedly high values (4 to 38 %). The bioconjugation of these distyryl‐BODIPY dyes with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and the monoclonal antibody (mAb) 12A5 was successfully performed under mild aqueous conditions.
Ferromagnetic Interactions in a 1D Alternating Linear Chain of π‐Stacked 1,3‐Diphenyl‐7‐(thien‐2‐yl)‐1,4‐dihydro‐1,2,4‐benzotriazin‐4‐yl Radicals
Authors: Constantinides Christos P. , Koutentis Panayiotis A. , Rawson Jeremy M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractX‐ray studies show that 1,3‐diphenyl‐7‐(thien‐2‐yl)‐1,4‐dihydro‐1,2,4‐benzotriazin‐4‐yl (6) adopts a distorted, slipped π‐stacked structure of centrosymmetric dimers with alternate short and long interplanar distances (3.48 and 3.52 Å). Cyclic voltammograms of 7‐(thien‐2‐yl)benzotriazin‐4‐yl 6 show two fully reversible waves that correspond to the −1/0 and 0/+1 processes. EPR and DFT studies on radical 6 indicate that the spin density is mainly delocalized over the triazinyl fragment. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show that radical 6 obeys Curie–Weiss behavior in the 5–300 K region with C=0.378 emu K mol−1 and θ=+4.72 K, which is consistent with ferromagnetic interactions between S=1/2 radicals. Fitting the magnetic susceptibility revealed the behavior is consistent with an alternating ferromagnetic chain (g=2.0071, J1=+7.12 cm−1, J2=+1.28 cm−1).
Clinical significance of large rearrangements in BRCA1 and BRCA2
Authors: Judkins Thaddeus , Rosenthal Eric , Arnell Christopher , Burbidge Lynn Anne , Geary Wade , Barrus Toby , Schoenberger Jeremy , Trost Jeffrey , Wenstrup Richard J. , Roa Benjamin B. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Current estimates of the contribution of large rearrangement (LR) mutations in the BRCA1 (breast cancer 1, early onset) and BRCA2 (breast cancer 2, early onset) genes responsible for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer are based on limited studies of relatively homogeneous patient populations. The prevalence of BRCA1/2 LRs was investigated in 48,456 patients with diverse clinical histories and ancestries, referred for clinical molecular testing for suspicion of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer.METHODS:Sanger sequencing analysis was performed for BRCA1/2 and LR testing for deletions and duplications using a quantitative multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay. Prevalence data were analyzed for patients from different risk and ethnic groups between July 2007 and April 2011. Patients were designated as “high‐risk” if their clinical history predicted a high prior probability, wherein LR testing was performed automatically in conjunction with sequencing. “Elective” patients did not meet the high‐risk criteria, but underwent LR testing as ordered by the referring health care provider.RESULTS:Overall BRCA1/2 mutation prevalence among high‐risk patients was 23.8% versus 8.2% for the elective group. The mutation profile for high‐risk patients was 90.1% sequencing mutations versus 9.9% LRs, and for elective patients, 94.1% sequencing versus 5.9% LRs. This difference may reflect the bias in high‐risk patients to carry mutations in BRCA1, which has a higher penetrance and frequency of LRs compared with BRCA2. There were significant differences in the prevalence and types of LRs in patients of different ancestries. LR mutations were significantly more common in Latin American/Caribbean patients.CONCLUSIONS:Comprehensive LR testing in conjunction with full gene sequencing is an appropriate strategy for clinical BRCA1/2 analysis. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Assessment of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging (sixth and seventh editions) for clinically localized prostate cancer treated with external beam radiotherapy and comparison with the National Comprehensive Cancer Network risk‐stratification method
Authors: Zaorsky Nicholas G. , Li Tianyu , Devarajan Karthik , Horwitz Eric M. , Buyyounouski Mark K. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to compare the prognostic value of the sixth and seventh editions of the American Joint Cancer Committee (AJCC)Cancer Staging Manualand the risk‐stratification model of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN).METHODS:Two‐thousand four hundred twenty‐nine men who received definitive radiotherapy with or without androgen‐deprivation therapy (median follow‐up, 74 months) were analyzed.RESULTS:There was a migration of stage II patients to stage I with AJCC seventh edition (stage I increased from 1% to 38%, and stage II decreased from 91% to 55%). One pair‐wise comparison (4%) of Kaplan‐Meier estimates of biochemical failure, distant metastasis, prostate cancer‐specific survival, and overall survival between stages was statistically significant for the AJCC sixth edition. Conversely, 16 of 24 comparisons (67%) were significant for the AJCC seventh edition. With the NCCN risk‐stratification model, 9 of 12 comparisons (75%) were significant. Concordance probability estimate (CPE) and standard error (SE) analysis indicated uniform and significant improvement in the predictive power of the AJCC seventh edition versus the sixth edition for all outcomes. CPE ± SE values for the AJCC seventh edition versus the sixth edition were 0.51 ± 0.009 versus 0.59 ± 0.02, respectively, for biochemical failure; 0.54 ± 0.02 versus 0.70 ± 0.05, respectively, for distant metastasis; 0.57 ± 0.009 versus 0.76 ± 0.007, respectively, for prostate cancer‐specific survival; and 0.52 ± 0.006 versus 0.57 ± 0.01, respectively, for overall survival. CPE ± SE values for the NCCN model were 0.59 ± 0.02 for biochemical failure, 0.72 ± 0.05 for distant metastasis, 0.80 ± 0.01 for prostate cancer‐specific survival, and 0.57 ± 0.01 for overall survival.CONCLUSIONS:The current results indicated that the seventh edition of theAJCC Cancer Staging Manualis a major improvement over the sixth edition, because it distributes patients better among the stages and is more prognostic. However, the NCCN model was superior to the AJCC seventh edition and remains the preferred method for risk‐based clinical management of prostate cancer with radiotherapy. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Completion of the human papillomavirus vaccine series among insured females between 2006 and 2009
Authors: Hirth Jacqueline M. , Tan Alai , Wilkinson Gregg S. , Berenson Abbey B. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Completion of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in a large percentage of young females is an important goal to prevent anogenital cancers associated with HPV. The current study examined whether the percentage of insured women who complete the vaccine series has changed across time, and how provider type and age at initiation affects rates of completion.METHODS:This retrospective cohort study used administrative data from a private insurance company. The study included 271,976 females in whom the HPV vaccine series was initiated and who had been continuously enrolled in their respective insurance plan for 365 days after vaccine initiation. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the odds of completing the vaccine series within 365 days after initiation.RESULTS:Females aged 13 years to 18 years, 19 years to 26 years, and ≥ 27 years were found to be less likely than those ages 9 years to 12 years to complete their HPV vaccine series. Obstetricians/gynecologists were more likely to administer vaccines to completers than pediatricians, whereas clinics, nurses, family care practitioners, and specialists were less likely to administer initial vaccines to completers compared with pediatricians. The results of the current study also found that females aged 9 years to 12 years and 13 years to 18 years had lower odds of completing the HPV vaccine series for each subsequent year compared with those aged 19 years to 26 years and ≥ 27 years.CONCLUSIONS:Among insured females in the United States, the percentage of females who complete the HPV vaccine series is dropping over time, especially among younger females, who are specifically targeted to receive the vaccine. Physicians need to stress the importance of completing all 3 vaccinations to their patients. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Thermal Conductivity of Three‐Dimensional Yukawa Liquids (Dusty Plasmas)
Authors: Shahzad A. , He M.‐G. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAn improved method is proposed to investigate the behavior of a Yukawa liquid under the action of an external field strength using computer simulated nonequilibrium molecular dynamics. The thermal conductivity calculations with appropriate normalizations, in the limit of low value field strengths, are estimated over a wide range of the Coulomb coupling and screening strengths. The new simulations provide more reliable data for the thermal conductivity than the previously known results for the Yukawa liquids. The calculations show that the thermal conductivity is dependent on both the Coulomb coupling and screening parameters in the three‐dimensional (3D) Yukawa liquids. The low value field strength simulation data are found to obey the universal and quasiuniversal scaling. It is shown that the homogenous nonequilibrium method can be used to predict the thermal conductivity in Yukawa systems and to understand the fundamental features of 3D dusty plasma liquids (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An orthogonalized blind algorithm for hybrid of adaptive array and equalizer
Authors: Leou Maw‐Lin , Wu Chien‐Min , Liaw Yi‐Ching , Su Hui‐Kai 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYThe problems generated by the interference will be more complicated in the future. A combination of adaptive array and equalizer has been employed to solve the problems of interference when an adaptive array alone cannot suppress all the interferences. A constant modules algorithm (CMA) of the combination system was proposed to solve the problems of insufficient degrees of freedom and main‐beam multipath interference when no training signal is transmitted. The limitation of the CMA for combination systems is due to its slow rate of convergence. In this paper, an orthogonalized blind algorithm for hybrid of array and equalizer (OBHAE) is proposed to combat the problems of the interference. Because the modified input vector of the adaptive array is orthogonalized by the OBHAE in advance, the convergent rate of the CMA system can be improved by the OBHAE. When the coherent interference presents, the performance of the system will be degraded. In this paper, an orthogonalized spatial smoothing blind (OSSB) algorithm is proposed to further enhance the cancellation of the coherent interference. In the OSSB, we combine the OBHAE with the spatial smoothing method to combat the coherent interference problem. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the merits of the OBHAE and the OSSB. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hepatic lipase activity is increased in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease beyond insulin resistance
Authors: Miksztowicz V. , Lucero D. , Zago V. , Cacciagiú L. , Lopez G. , Gonzalez Ballerga E. , Sordá J. , Fassio E. , Schreier L. , Berg G. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground and objectiveHepatic lipase is a lipolytic enzyme mostly synthesized and localized at the surface of liver sinusoidal capillaries, which hydrolyses triglycerides and phospholipids of intermediate density, large low density (LDL) and high density lipoproteins. Hepatic lipase activity is increased in insulin resistant states. Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by insulin resistance. However, at present, no data are available regarding the behaviour of hepatic lipase with regard to the degree of hepatic steatosis. Our aim was to evaluate hepatic lipase activity in NAFLD patients and its relationship to the severity of hepatic steatosis.Design and patientsWe studied 48 patients with NAFLD (diagnosed by ultrasonography and confirmed by liver biopsy) and 30 controls. Steatosis was semi‐quantitatively assessed and considered as mild or grade 1, moderate or grade 2 and severe or grade 3. Measurements: hepatic lipase activity, lipid and lipoprotein profile (including intermediate density lipoproteins and dense LDL), adiponectin, insulin, glucose and high sensitivity C‐reactive protein were measured. Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA) index was calculated.ResultsPatients with hepatic steatosis presented with higher hepatic lipase activity, HOMA and dense LDL and lower levels of adiponectin, high density lipoproteins, cholesterol and apoA‐I. Hepatic lipase activity positively correlated significantly with the severity of hepatic steatosis. Hepatic lipase correlated with a more atherogenic profile and persisted higher in patients even after corrected for age, gender, body mass index, HOMA and adiponectin.ConclusionThe higher hepatic lipase activity in NAFLD patients contributes to a more atherogenic profile linked to increased cardiovascular risk, beyond the insulin resistance and the reduction in adiponectin. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.