bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the influencing factors of depression among middle -aged and elderly individuals Based on CHARLS 2020
Authors: Deng Shuwen , Wang Qiyu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
The understanding of depression's prevalence in this demographic and the exploration of its influencing factors are crucial in devising effective prevention and intervention strategies. The current study aims to establish a theoretical basis for preventing and intervening in depressive tendencies among middle-aged and elderly individuals, ultimately aiming to reduce the incidence of depression and improve their overall quality of life.
Methods
The data for this study were obtained from the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), encompassing a total of 8025 participants aged 45 years and above. To assess depression tendency, the simplified version of the Epidemiological Depression Scale (CES-D-10), a validated screening tool, was employed. The collected data were then subjected to rigorous statistical analysis using SPSS 25.0 software. Binary logistic regression models were utilized to examine the potential influencing factors associated with depression tendency among the study participants.
Results
Of the 8025 participants in the study, 4499 individuals scored above 10 on CES-D-10, indicating a depression prevalence of 56.06% among the middle-aged and elderly population in China. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed several significant factors associated with depression in this demographic. Specifically, gender, place of residence, marital status, average sleep duration, habitual napping, exceeding average household expenditure, self-reported health status, and presence of bodily pain were identified as potential contributors to depression tendencies among middle-aged and elderly individuals.
Conclusion
Based on the thorough investigation and analysis of the CHARLS 2020 data, it is evident that depression among middle-aged and elderly individuals is influenced by a multifaceted array of factors. For this specific target population, particular emphasis should be placed on individuals who are female, reside in suburban or rural areas, are divorced or have never married, experience short sleep duration (< 6 hours), habitually nap during the day, report poor self-assessed health, and frequently experience physical pain. Targeted preventive measures focusing on these vulnerable subgroups are paramount. Furthermore, timely psychological intervention for middle-aged and elderly individuals experiencing depressive symptoms is crucial to enhance their overall quality of life. By addressing these risk factors and providing appropriate support, we can contribute significantly to improving the mental health and well-being of middle-aged and elderly individuals in China.
Unravelling DNA methylation dynamics during developmental stages in Quercus ilex subsp. ballota [Desf.] Samp
Authors: Mónica Labella-Ortega , Carmen Martín , Luis Valledor , Stefano Castiglione , María-Ángeles Castillejo , V. Jorrín-Novo Jesús , María-Dolores Rey 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
DNA methylation is a critical factor influencing plant growth, adaptability, and phenotypic plasticity. While extensively studied in model and crop species, it remains relatively unexplored in holm oak and other non-domesticated forest trees. This study conducts a comprehensive in-silico mining of DNA methyltransferase and demethylase genes within the holm oak genome to enhance our understanding of this essential process in these understudied species. The findings contribute valuable insights into the regulatory mechanisms of DNA methylation in holm oak and offer potential avenues for further research on epigenetic regulation in forest trees. The expression levels of these genes in adult and seedling leaves, as well as embryos, were analysed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Global DNA methylation patterns were assessed through methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism (MSAP) techniques. Furthermore, specific methylated genomic sequences were identified via MSAP sequencing (MSAP-Seq).
Result
A total of 13 DNA methyltransferase and three demethylase genes were revealed in the holm oak genome. Expression levels of these genes varied significantly between organs and developmental stages. MSAP analyses revealed a predominance of epigenetic over genetic variation among organs and developmental stages, with significantly higher global DNA methylation levels observed in adult leaves. Embryos exhibited frequent demethylation events, while de novo methylation was prevalent in seedling leaves. Approximately 35% of the genomic sequences identified by MSAP-Seq were methylated, predominantly affecting nuclear genes and intergenic regions, as opposed to repetitive sequences and chloroplast genes. Methylation was found to be more pronounced in the exonic regions of nuclear genes compared to their promoter and intronic regions. The methylated genes were predominantly associated with crucial biological processes such as photosynthesis, ATP synthesis-coupled electron transport, and defence response.
Conclusion
This study not only sheds light on the enzymatic machinery governing DNA methylation patterns in holm oak but also identifies key target genes for future research into the epigenetic mechanisms modulating gene expression.
The deformation theoretical modeling analysis for the plate during the asynchronous rolling
Authors: Yang Ruo-Wen , Qiao Fu-Zhen , Jiang Lian-Yun , Liang Jia-Le , Chen Ya-Fei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Asynchronous rolling can increase the shear strain, reduce the rolling pressure and save the energy, and achieve the goal of improving the quality of the plate and reducing costs. As a key factor influencing the quality of the plate, the effective strain is often obtained by experiments and numerical calculation, which is complex and time-consuming. Therefore, a theoretical calculation model for the asynchronous rolling is established. The deformation zone is divided into the rigid-plastic-rigid zone, and the flow function of the boundary condition is obtained by the principle of equal metal flow. Then, the rolling power model is established by the linearization integration method, which is the key to the theoretical modeling. The length of the top and bottom deformation zones can be obtained as unknown parameters by optimizing the power model. Finally, the effective strain is calculated according to the optimization results, so as to complete the establishment of the effective strain model. Based on the established model, it is proved by experiments and finite element method. Compared to the experiment results, the results show that the minimum and maximum relative errors are 1.38% and 8.89%. which can be accepted for production. The research can propose reference for actual production and improve actual production efficiency.
Perceptions of Fair Treatment of Animals Moderate Attitudes toward Conservation Endorsement
Authors: Bruder Jennifer , Park Taeyong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

This study aims to understand how, if at all, moral beliefs or stances predict endorsement of conservation for threatened species. Especially, this study focuses on fairness as the most relevant moral belief system and explores how stances on fairness interact with animal familiarity and animal liking to predict conservation endorsement. The study includes respondents from 6 cultural groups: the Arabian Gulf, Middle East and North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, South East Asia as well as so-called WEIRD (western, educated, industrialized, rich, democratic) participants. Overall, the study found unique cultural patterns for fairness. Furthermore, the results point to interactions between fairness and animal familiarity, and between fairness and animal liking. Across all animals surveyed, while controlling for culture, low liking or low familiarity for an animal predicted increased endorsement for conservation for that animal if participants felt animals were treated unfairly. The results of this study suggest that focusing on the unfair treatment of animals generally may be a useful messaging tactic to promote positive attitudes toward animal conservation.
Cultivation of phagotrophic algae with high intensity alkali pretreated waste activated sludge
Authors: Li Qi , Guo Fengxiao , Li Cong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Microalga Ochromonas danica is able to accumulate high quantities of lipids by ingesting microbial cells through phagotrophy as well as taking up dissolved organics through osmotrophy. In this study, waste activated sludge (WAS) was pretreated with high intensity alkali, and then fed to O. danica for growth. Results show that, with WAS pretreated at pH 12 for 24 h, about 56.4% of WAS organics were released out of floc particles either as microbial cells or dissolved organics. O. danica was able to consume 84.6% of the released microbial cells and 61.0% of the released dissolved organics. By growing O. danica with the alkali-pretreated WAS, 28.6% of WAS organics were converted into algal biomass. The produced algal biomass was rich in lipids, 42.3% of its dry matter. Furthermore, WAS organics reduction rate was significantly accelerated. Around 53.0% WAS organics were reduced with 1 day of alkali pretreatment and 5 days of O. danica’s growth. Whereas, only 37.1% of WAS organics were reduced in total time of 40 days through conventional anaerobic digestion.
Oral Leishmaniasis in HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Patients: A Comparative Analysis with Two New Case Reports
Authors: Rosa Ana Cláudia Garcia , de Senna André Machado , Passador-Santos Fabrício , Soares Andresa Borges , de Araújo Vera Cavalcanti 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This case report examines the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis with primary oral involvement in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients diagnosed in Brazil.
Methods
We discuss the clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic strategies, highlighting the clinical and histopathologic diagnostic features and distinct progression patterns based on HIV status. Our findings are compared with patterns observed in other countries, emphasizing the differences between the New World and Old World.
Results
In the New World, particularly in Brazil, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis often presents with localized oral lesions, even in the presence of systemic immunosuppression, whereas in the Old World, oral involvement is typically associated with visceral leishmaniasis in immunocompromised patients. These differences were due to variations in the parasite species involved.
Conclusion
This comparison underscores the importance of regional and immunological factors in the diagnosis and management of this neglected infectious disease.
Aberrant expression of Human Endogenous Retrovirus K9-derived elements is associated with better clinical outcome of acute myelocytic leukemia
Authors: Yanagiya Ryo , Nakagawa So , Onizuka Makoto , Kotani Ai 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background: Acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) is a common hematological malignancy in adults. Although several risk stratifications based on cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities are available to decide the indication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT), planning treatment strategies for AML without them remains challenging. Using transcriptome datasets, we investigated the association of event-free survival (EFS) of intensively treated AML cases and the aberrant expression status of endogenous retrovirus (ERV)-derived open reading frames (ORFs), which have been reported to be associated with the pathophysiology of various malignancies and have the potential to become neoantigens in specific cancers.
Results: The expression values of human ERV family K9 (HERVK9) ORFs were found to be associated with EFS, independent of conventional risk stratifications. Furthermore, it was revealed that AML cells with higher expression of HERVK9 activated antigen processing and presentation, accompanied by excess expression of genes associated with responses to adaptive immune reaction and apoptosis, indicating that aberrant expression of HERVK9 may initiate an antineoplastic immune response against themselves via excess antigen presentation.
Conclusions: In summary, quantitation of HERVK9 expression has the potential to provide prognostic prediction, which is crucial for determining the indications of upfront allo-HCT.
Lentiviral vector gene therapy and CFTR modulators show comparable effectiveness in cystic fibrosis rat airway models
Authors: McCarron Alexandra , Ling Kak-Ming , Montgomery Samuel , Martinovich Kelly , Cmielewski Patricia , Rout-Pitt Nathan , Kicic Anthony , Parsons David , Donnelley Martin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Mutation-agnostic treatments such as airway gene therapy have the potential to treat any individual with cystic fibrosis (CF), irrespective of their CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene variants. The aim of this study was to employ two CF rat models, Phe508del and CFTR knockout (KO), to assess the comparative effectiveness of CFTR modulators and lentiviral (LV) vector-mediated gene therapy. Cells were isolated from the tracheas of rats and used to establish air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures. Phe508del rat ALIs were treated with the modulator combination, elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor (ETI), and a separate group of Phe508del and KO airway epithelial cells were treated with LV-CFTR followed by differentiation. Ussing chamber measurements were performed to assess CFTR function. ETI-treated Phe508del ALI cultures demonstrated CFTR function that was 59% of wild-type level, while gene-addition therapy restored Phe508del to 68% and KO to 47% of wild-type level, respectively. Our findings show that rat Phe508del-CFTR protein can be successfully rescued with ETI treatment, and that CFTR gene-addition therapy provides significant CFTR correction in Phe508del and KO ALI cultures to levels that were comparable to ETI. These findings highlight the potential of an LV vector-based gene therapy for the treatment of CF lung disease.
Archaeological and experimental lithic microwear classification through 2D textural analysis and machine learning
Authors: Sferrazza Paolo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The paper focuses on introducing 2D texture analysis as a quantitative method for functional analysis in archaeology. Indeed, for the first time, different techniques of quantitative feature extraction and machine learning algorithms applied to the functional analysis of archaeological lithic tools are described and compared. The method presented relies on five techniques of quantitative feature extraction from photographic images and six classification techniques through machine learning algorithms. After creating a training dataset with experimental traces, machine learning models were used to classify 23 images (10 experimental and 13 archaeological). The best result achieved a classification accuracy of 87%, demonstrating the ability to interpret use-wear traces correctly on both experimental and archaeological artefacts regardless of the geological origin of the flint (Sicily in Italy and Sachsen-Anhalt in Germany). The paper proposes to use the method as a fundamental tool in functional analysis to remove subjectivity criteria from traditional analysis and to address issues related to the credibility of the discipline, calibration, standardisation, and reproducibility of methods and results.
Longer ICU stay and invasive mechanical ventilation accelerate telomere shortening in COVID-19 patients one-year after recovery
Authors: VIRSEDA-BERDICES Ana , BEHAR-LAGARES Raquel , MARTÍNEZ-GONZÁLEZ Oscar , BLANCAS Rafael , BUENO-BUSTOS Soraya , BROCHADO-KITH Oscar , MANTEIGA Eva , POYATO María J. MALLOL , MATAMALA Blanca LÓPEZ , PARRA Carmen MARTÍN , RESINO Salvador , JIMÉNEZ-SOUSA María A. , FERNÁNDEZ-RODRÍGUEZ Amanda 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 causes virus-induced-senescence. There is an association between shorter telomere length (TL) in COVID-19 patients and hospitalization, severity, or even death. However, it remains unknown whether virus-induced-senescence is reversible. We aim to evaluate the dynamics of TL in COVID-19 patients one year after recovery from intensive care units (ICU). Longitudinal study enrolling 49 patients admitted to ICU due to COVID-19 (August 2020 to April 2021). Relative telomere length (RTL) quantification was carried out in whole blood by monochromatic multiplex real-time quantitative PCR (MMqPCR) assay at hospitalization (baseline) and one year after discharge (one-year visit). The association between RTL and ICU length of stay (LOS), invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), prone position, and pulmonary fibrosis development at one-year visit. The median age was 60 years, 71.4% were males, median ICU-LOS was 12 days, 73.5% required IMV, and 38.8% required a prone position. Patients with longer ICU-LOS or who required IMV showed greater RTL shortening during follow-up. Patients who required pronation had a greater RTL shortening during follow-up. IMV patients who developed pulmonary fibrosis showed greater RTL reduction and shorter RTL at one-year visit. Patients with longer ICU-LOS and those who required IMV had a shorter RTL in peripheral blood, as observed one year after hospital discharge. Additionally, patients who required IMV and developed pulmonary fibrosis had greater telomere shortening, showing shorter telomeres at one-year visit. These patients may be more prone to develop cellular senescence and lung-related complications; therefore, closer monitoring may be needed.
The Incidence and 5-years Relative Survival Rate of Cancer among People Younger than 25 Years in the US, 2000 to 2020: a SEER-retrospective study
Authors: Chengqi Xiao , Ji Min , Lai Dongmei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

A growing number of children, adolescents, and young adults (CAYA) are suffering from cancer and are surviving after treatment. However, the incidence and long-term overall survival patterns for CAYA cancer survivors over the past 20 years have been underreported. Data from 17 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries in the United States were analyzed to identify cancer cases in individuals under the age of 25 from 2000 to 2020. A joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trend of cancer incidence and 5-year survival rate in CAYA. Additionally, we examined the temporal trends of age-standardized cancer incidence and 5-year survival rate from 2000 to 2020. Between 2000 and 2020, there were 129,384 CAYA patients under the age of 25 with cancer (67,873 males and 61,511 females) in the USA. The overall age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of CAYA cancer was 19.26 per 100,000 in 2000 and 21.47 per 100,000 in 2020. The incidence rate of CAYA cancer increased over time, with males having a higher incidence rate than females. The most common cancer types were leukemia, lymphoma, brain and other nervous system cancer, endocrine system cancer, and male genital system cancer, which together accounted for more than 60% of CAYA cancer cases. The overall 5-year relative survival rate of CAYA cancer increased from 80.40% (95% CI, 78.84%-81.87%) in 2000 to 87.80% (95% CI, 86.65%-88.86%) in 2015. The 5-year relative survival rate of females under the age of 25 was higher than that of males (89.86% vs. 85.58%). Due to their long life expectancy, CAYA cancer survivors are at particular risk of long-term sequelae from the cancer itself or the therapy applied, especially late sequelae related to reproduction. These issues remain problematic for cancer survivors after entering adulthood, highlighting the need for more efforts and strategies to be directed towards fertility protection for young cancer survivors.
An Analysis of the 90-Day Day Outcomes of Robot- Assisted Continent Colon Pouch Urinary Diversion
Authors: Tillu Neeraja , Zaytoun Osama , Kolanukuduru Kaushik , Venkatesh Arjun , Dovey Zachary , Autorino Riccardo , Buscarini Maurizio 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Studies of right colon pouch urinary diversion have widely varying estimates of the risk of perioperative complications, reoperation, and readmission. We sought to describe the association between specific risk factors and complication, readmission, and reoperation rates following right colon pouch urinary diversion.
Materials and Methods
Patients undergoing robot-assisted right colon pouch urinary diversion from July 2013 to December 2022 were analyzed. Outcome measures include high-grade (Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ 3) complications within 90 days, readmission within 90 days, and reoperation at any time during follow-up. Specific risk factors such as age, gender, Body mass index (BMI), diabetes, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), and prior abdominal surgery were analyzed to establish an association with these outcomes.
Result
During the study period, 77 patients underwent the procedure and were eligible to study. The average follow-up was 88.7 (SD-14) months. 90-day high-grade complications were 24.67%, and 90-day readmission was 33.76%. The cumulative rate of any reoperation was 40.2%, and major reoperation was 24.67%. Diabetes was significantly associated with an increased risk of high-grade complications and major reoperation. Higher BMI and prior abdominal surgery were associated with an increased risk of readmission.
Conclusions
Overall, the rate of postoperative complications, readmissions, and reoperation was high but consistent with other studies. This study helps further characterize surgical outcomes after right colon pouch urinary diversion and highlights patients who may benefit from enhanced preoperative management.
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of a proposed biosimilar QL1206 with reference denosumab in patients with bone metastasis from breast cancer: a subgroup analysis of a randomized, double-blinded phase III study
Authors: Liu Yaxin , Zhang Ruyan , Wang Xiaojia , Di Lijun , Chen Zhendong , Wang Jingfen , Sun Tao , Li Qingshan , Cheng Jing , Zhang Qingyuan , Wang Xiuwen , Wang Junye , Gu Kangsheng , Wei Shihong , Zhang Shuqun , Wang Xiangcai , Sun Ping , Hao Chunfang , Zang Aimin , Han Cuicui , Li Yujie , Kang Xiaoyan , Li Yanlin , Li Huiping 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Purpose: This study presents a subgroup analysis of the efficacy and safety of QL1206, a biosimilar of the reference denosumab (Xgeva®, Amgen Inc.), in patients with bone metastasis from breast cancer enrolled in a randomized, double-blinded, phase III trial (NCT04550949).
Methods: In this subgroup analysis, patients with bone metastasis from breast cancer of the phase Ⅲ trial were included. Patients had been randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either 3 cycles treatment of QL1206 or denosumab (120 mg, every 4 weeks), subsequently received 10 cycles treatment of QL1206 (120 mg) over a 40-week period, followed by a 20-week safety follow-up. The primary endpoint was the percentage changes from baseline to Week 13 in urinary N-telopeptide corrected for creatinine (uNTx/Cr).
Results: Three hundreds and eleven patients were included in the breast cancer subgroup. The most common site of bone metastasis was vertebrae (66.4%) when enrolled; 27.7% patients had more than 3 bone metastatic sites. At Week 13, the median percentage change in uNTx/Cr from baseline was -69.9% (range, -98.1%–568.0%) and -74.3% (range, -97.7%–386.3%) in the QL1206 and references denosumab groups, respectively. After a 53-week treatment period, most patients demonstrated increased bone density or stable disease. The time to first on-study skeletal-related events (SREs) was not evaluable in the two groups. Safety profiles were similar between the two groups.
Conclusions: QL1206 demonstrated similar efficacy and safety to the reference denosumab in breast cancer patients with bone metastases, supporting QL1206 as an option for supportive care in this population.