bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the heart of darkness with GHALO – a multibillion particle simulation of a galactic halo
Authors: Stadel J. , Potter D. , Moore B. , Diemand J. , Madau P. , Zemp M. , Kuhlen M. , Quilis V. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
We perform a series of simulations of a Galactic mass dark matter halo at different resolutions: our largest uses over 3 billion particles and has a mass resolution of 1000 M⊙. We quantify the structural properties of the inner dark matter distribution and study how they depend on numerical resolution. We can measure the density profile to a distance of 120 pc (0.05 per cent of Rvir), where the logarithmic slope is −0.8 and −1.4 at (0.5 per cent of Rvir). We propose a new two-parameter fitting function that has a linearly varying logarithmic density gradient over the resolved radii which fits the GHALO and VL2 density profiles extremely well. Convergence in the halo shape is achieved at roughly three times the convergence radius for the density profile at which point the halo becomes more spherical due to numerical resolution. The six-dimensional phase-space profile is dominated by the presence of the substructures and does not follow a power law, except in the central few kpc which is devoid of substructure even at this resolution. The quantity, ρ/σ3, which is often used as a proxy for the six-dimensional phase-space density should be used with caution.
Carney complex and lentiginosis
Authors: Horvath Anelia , Stratakis Constantine A. 
Published: July 2009

SummaryInitially described as the ‘complex of myxomas, spotty skin pigmentation and endocrine overactivity,’ Carney complex (CNC) is known as an autosomal dominant multiple neoplasia syndrome involving skin and cardiac myxomas, pigmented skin lesions and endocrine tumors. Pigmented cutaneous manifestations in CNC are important diagnostically because they can be used for the early detection of the disease and, thus, the prevention of life‐threatening complications of CNC related to heart myxomas and endocrine abnormalities. Specific for the disease skin lesions are present in more than half of the CNC patients. A major challenge is to distinguish pigmented skin lesions associated with CNC from other skin pathology, and thus accurately estimate the risk of cancer in affected patients; curiously, patients with CNC do not appear to have predisposition to skin cancers whereas this is not the case with other genetic syndromes associated with melanotic and other cutaneous lesions. In this paper, we review the current knowledge on cutaneous pathology associated with CNC and the most recent data on the molecular basis of the disease.
Thrombin Induces EGF Receptor Expression and Cell Proliferation via a PKC(δ)/c-Src-Dependent Pathway in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Hsieh Hsi-Lung , Tung Wei-Hsuan , Wu Cheng-Ying , Wang Hui-Hsin , Lin Chih-Chung , Wang Tze-Shyuan , Yang Chuen-Mao 
Published: July 2009

Objection—Thrombin upregulates expression of several proteins in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) which may contribute to atherosclerosis. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying thrombin-induced EGF receptor (EGFR) expression and its effect on VSMCs.Methods and Results—Normal rat VSMCs were used. First, Western blotting and RT-PCR analyses showed that thrombin induces the expression of EGFR at transcription and translation levels in VSMCs. Second, pharmacological inhibitors, dominant negative mutants, and short hairpin RNA interference (shRNA) technology enabled us to demonstrate that thrombin-induced EGFR expression is mediated through PKC(δ)/c-Src-dependent transactivation of EGFR linking to PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2. We further investigated whether the transcription factors AP-1 and NF-κB are involved in this response by a promoter assay. Finally, data obtained by using EGFR shRNA technology and XTT assay demonstrated that thrombin-enhanced VSMC proliferation was mediated through upregulation of EGFR.Conclusions—Our results demonstrate that thrombin-enhanced VSMC proliferation was mediated through upregulation of EGFR via a PKC(δ)/c-Src-dependent transactivation of EGFR, PI3K-Akt, and ERK, and AP-1/NF-κB pathway.
Perceptions of User Involvement: a User-Led Study
Authors: Rose Diana , Fleischmann Pete , Schofield Peter 
Published: July 2009

Background: User involvement in health services has been a priority for government since 1990. In mental health, concern has been expressed that involved service users (activists) are not representative of ‘ordinary’ patients. Aims: (i) To investigate service users’ perceptions of the outcomes of user involvement in two London boroughs. (ii) To determine whether the perceptions of outcomes differ between activists and non-activists. Method: The study was user-led. The user-researchers compiled a semi-structured interview schedule which they then administered to a sample of 40 people; 20 were defined as activists and 20 as non-activists. There were also 20 participants in each borough. Results: Activists were aware of more user groups and forms of user involvement than non-activists. However, in terms of perceptions of the outcomes of user involvement, there was little difference between the activists and non-activists. Discussion: There is very little extant work on the outcomes of user involvement in mental health services. This study examined this and, contrary to reservations often expressed, there was little difference between activists and non-activists. Conclusion: This is a pilot study. Further work should examine perceptions of the outcomes of user involvement by other stakeholders, for example, front-line workers, managers, carers and commissioners.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring Technology for Personal Use
Authors: Evert Alison , Trence Dace , Catton Sarah , Huynh Peter 
Published: July 2009

Purpose The purpose of this article is to describe the development and implementation of an educational program for the initiation of real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technology for personal use, not 3-day CGMS™ diagnostic studies. The education program was designed to meet the needs of patients managing their diabetes with either diabetes medications or insulin pump therapy in an outpatient diabetes education center using a team-based approach. Methods Observational research, complemented by literature review, was used to develop an educational program model and teaching strategies. Diabetes educators, endocrinologists, CGM manufacturer clinical specialists, and patients with diabetes were also interviewed for their clinical observations and experience. Results The program follows a progressive educational model. First, patients learn in-depth about real-time CGM technology by attending a group presensor class that provides detailed information about CGM. This presensor class facilitates self-selection among patients concerning their readiness to use real-time CGM. If the patient decides to proceed with real-time CGM use, CGM initiation is scheduled, using a clinic-centered protocol for both start-up and follow-up. Conclusions Successful use of real-time CGM involves more than just patient enthusiasm or interest in a new technology. Channeling patient interest into a structured educational setting that includes the benefits and limitations of real-time CGM helps to manage patient expectations.
Epigenetic regulation of killer immunoglobulin–like receptor expression in T cells
Authors: Li Guangjin , Yu Mingcan , Weyand Cornelia M. , Goronzy Jörg J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWith increasing age, T cells gain expression of killer immunoglobulin–like receptors (KIRs) that transmit negative signals and dampen the immune response. KIR expression is induced in CD4 and CD8 T cells by CpG DNA demethylation suggesting epigenetic control. To define the mechanisms that underlie the age-associated preferential KIR expression in CD8 T cells, we examined KIR2DL3 promoter methylation patterns. With age, CD8 T cells developed a patchy and stochastic promoter demethylation even in cells that did not express the KIR2DL3-encoded CD158b protein; complete demethylation of the minimal KIR2DL3 promoter was characteristic for CD158b-expressing cells. In contrast, the promoter in CD4 T cells was fully methylated irrespective of age. The selectivity for CD8 T cells correlated with lower DNMT1 recruitment to the KIR2DL3 promoter which further diminished with age. In contrast, binding of the polycomb protein EZH2 known to be involved in DNMT1 recruitment was not different. Our data suggest that CD8 T cells endure increasing displacement of DNMT1 from the KIR promoter with age, possibly because of an active histone signature. The ensuing partial demethylation lowers the threshold for transcriptional activation and renders CD8 T cells more susceptible to express KIR, thereby contributing to the immune defect in the elderly.
Novel quantitative trait locus is mapped to chromosome 12p11 for left ventricular mass in Dominican families: the Family Study of Stroke Risk and Carotid Atherosclerosis
Authors: Wang Liyong , Beecham Ashley , Di Tullio Marco R , Slifer Susan , Blanton Susan H , Rundek Tatjana , Sacco Ralph L 
Published: July 2009

Abstract

Background
Left ventricular mass (LVM) is an important risk factor for stroke and vascular disease. The genetic basis of LVM is unclear although a high heritability has been suggested. We sought to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for LVM using large Dominican families.

Methods
Probands were selected from Dominican subjects of the population-based Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS). LVM was measured by transthoracic echocardiography. A set of 405 microsatellite markers was used to screen the whole genome among 1360 subjects from 100 Dominican families who had complete phenotype data and DNA available. A polygenic covariate screening was run to identify the significant covariates. Variance components analysis was used to estimate heritability and to detect evidence for linkage, after adjusting for significant risk factors. Ordered-subset Analysis (OSA) was conducted to identify a more homogeneous subset for stratification analysis.

Results
LVM had a heritability of 0.58 in the studied population (p < 0.0001). The most significant evidence for linkage was found at chromosome 12p11 (MLOD = 3.11, empirical p = 0.0003) with peak marker at D12S1042. This linkage was significantly increased in a subset of families with the high average waist circumference (MLOD = 4.45, p = 0.0045 for increase in evidence for linkage).

Conclusion
We mapped a novel QTL near D12S1042 for LVM in Dominicans. Enhanced linkage evidence in families with larger waist circumference suggests that gene(s) residing within the QTL interact(s) with abdominal obesity to contribute to phenotypic variation of LVM. Suggestive evidence for linkage (LOD = 1.99) has been reported at the same peak marker for left ventricular geometry in a White population from the HyperGEN study, underscoring the importance of this QTL for left ventricular phenotype. Further fine mapping and validation studies are warranted to identify the underpinning genes.
Contributions of myofascial pain in diagnosis and treatment of shoulder pain. A randomized control trial
Authors: Perez-Palomares Sara , Oliván-Blázquez Bárbara , Arnal-Burró Ana Mª , Mayoral-Del Moral Orlando , Gaspar-Calvo Elena , de-la-Torre-Beldarraín Mª Luisa , López-Lapeña Elena , Pérez-Benito Marina , Ara-Loriente Victoria , Romo-Calvo Laura 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackgroundRotator cuff tendinopathy and subacromial impingement syndrome present complex patomechanical situations, frequent difficulties in clinical diagnosis and lack of effectiveness in treatment. Based on clinical experience, we have therefore considered the existence of another pathological entity as the possible origin of pain and dysfunction. The hypothesis of this study is to relate subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) with myofascial pain syndrome (MPS), since myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) cause pain, functional limitation, lack of coordination and alterations in quality of movement, even prior to a tendinopathy. MTrPs can coexist with any degenerative subacromial condition. If they are not taken into consideration, they could perpetuate and aggravate the problem, hindering diagnosis and making the applied treatments ineffective.The aims and methods of this study are related with providing evidence of the relationship that may exist between this condition and MPS in the diagnosis and treatment of rotator cuff tendonitis and/or SIS.Method/designA descriptive transversal study will be made to find the correlation between the diagnosis of SIS and rotator cuff tendonitis, positive provocation test responses, the existence of active MTrPs and the results obtained with ultrasonography (US) and Magnetic Renonance Imaging (MRI). A randomized double blinded clinical trial will be carried out in experimental conditions: A Protocolized treatment based on active and passive joint repositioning, stabilization exercises, stretching of the periarticular shoulder muscles and postural reeducation. B. The previously described protocolized treatment, with the addition of dry needling applied to active MTrPs with the purpose of isolating the efficacy of dry needling in treatment.DiscussionThis study aims to provide a new vision of shoulder pain, from the perspective of MPS. This syndrome can, by itself, account for shoulder pain and dysfunction, although it can coexist with real conditions involving the tendons.Trail RegistrationISRCTN Number: 30907460
Critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency in patients with severe acute biliary pancreatitis: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Peng Yun-Shing , Wu Cheng-Shyong , Chen Yung-Chang , Lien Jau-Min , Tian Ya-Chung , Fang Ji-Tseng , Yang Chun , Chu Yun-Yi , Hung Chien-Fu , Yang Chih-Wei , Chen Pang-Chi , Tsai Ming-Hung 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Introduction
Gallstones are the most common cause of acute pancreatitis worldwide. Patients with severe acute biliary pancreatitis (SABP) constitute a subgroup of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) patients in whom systemic inflammation may be triggered and perpetuated by different mechanisms. The aim of this prospective investigation was to examine the adrenal response to corticotropin and the relationship between adrenal function and outcome in patients with SABP.

Methods
Thirty-two patients with SABP were enrolled in this study. A short corticotropin (250 μg) stimulation test (SST) was performed within the first 24 hours of admission to the ICU. Critical illness related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI) was defined as follows: baseline value less than 10 μg/dL, or cortisol response less than 9 μg/dL.

Results
CIRCI occurred in 34.4% of patients. The patients with CIRCI were more severely ill as evidenced by higher APACHE II and SOFA scores and numbers of organ system dysfunction on the day of SST. The in-hospital mortality for the entire group was 21.9%. The CIRCI group had a higher hospital mortality rate compared to those with normal adrenal function (45.5% vs. 9.5%, P = 0.032). The hospital survivors had a higher cortisol response to corticotropin (17.4 (8.3–27.1) vs. 7.2 (1.7–12) μg/dL, P = 0.019). The cortisol response to corticotropin inversely correlated with SOFA score and the number of organ dysfunction on the day of SST. The rates of pancreatic necrosis and bacteremia were significantly higher in the CIRCI group (100% vs 42.9%, P = 0.002; 81.8% vs 23.8%, P = 0.003, respectively).

Conclusions
CIRCI is common in patients with SABP. It is associated with bacteremia, multiple organ dysfunction and increased mortality.
Strategic information technology alliances for effective health-care supply chain management
Authors: Shih Stephen C , Rivers Patrick A , Hsu H Y Sonya 
Published: July 2009

To gain and sustain competitive advantage, health-care providers have to continuously review and renovate their operational and information technology (IT) strategies through collaborative and cooperative endeavour with their supply chain channel members. This paper explores new ways of enhancing a health-care organization's responsiveness to changes and increasing its competitiveness through implementing strategic information technology alliances among channel members in a health-care supply chain network. An overview of issues and problems (e.g. bullwhip effect, negative externalities and free-riding phenomenon in multichannel supply chains) presented in the health-care supply chains is first delineated. This paper further goes over the issues of health-care supply chain coordination and integration for strategic IT alliances, followed by the discussion of the spillover effect of IT investments. A number of viable IT practices (such as information sharing and Internet-enabled supply chain portal) for effective health-care supply chain collaboration and coordination are then examined in this research. Finally, the paper discusses how strategic IT alliances can help improve the effectiveness of health-care supply chain management.
Comparing soluble Trametes pubescens laccase and cross-linked enzyme crystals (CLECs) for enzymatic modification of cellulose 10th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008
Authors: Patel Ilabahen , Ludwig Roland , Mueangtoom Kitti , Haltrich Dietmar , Rosenau Thomas , Potthast Antje 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Three types of preparations – enzyme immobilized on Eupergit C, cross-linked enzyme crystals (CLECs) and lyophilized enzyme – have been obtained from Trametes pubescens laccase. Their activity in organic solvents has been comparatively evaluated, whereby the CLECs showed a significantly higher activity compared to the immobilized and the lyophilized variant. The soluble, lyophilized laccase and the CLECs were compared for their activity in the oxidation of cellulose in the laccase/TEMPO system. The “double heterogeneous” CLEC system – both the CLECs and the cellulose substrates are solids and only the mediator is homogeneously dissolved – showed similar reactivity to the conventional enzyme system. Laccase CLECs, being a solid, robust and highly active immobilized enzyme form can be conveniently used to modify (protected) low-molecular weight carbohydrates or cellulosics also in (aqueous-)organic media, and they offer many practical advantages: operational stability and ease of recycling coupled with high volumetric productivity.
Study on desorption of Mn, Fe, and Mg from TMP and evaluation of the complexing strength of different chelating agents using side reaction coefficients 10th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008
Authors: Granholm Kim , Su Pingping , Harju Leo , Ivaska Ari 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Chelation of thermomechanical pulp (TMP) was studied in this work. The desorption of Mn, Fe, and Mg due to their impact on peroxide bleaching was investigated. The desorption experiments were performed with EDTA, citric acid, oxalic acid, and formic acid as chelating agents at different pH. Chelation experiments with EDTA were carried out at pH 3–11. Sodium dithionite was used as the reducing agent in studying chelation with EDTA in a reducing environment. Mn was very effectively desorbed with EDTA from TMP at pH <10 and the reducing environment further improved the removal of all the studied metal ions from TMP with EDTA. Citric acid also removed Mn effectively from TMP at pH 5. The thermodynamic stability constants of different metal chelates do not present the correct picture of how strongly the metal ions are bound by the chelating agents in different conditions. But by means of the side reaction coefficients (α

M(L)-coefficients) it is also theoretically possible to evaluate and compare the real binding strengths between the metal ions and different chelating agents at varying pH values and other solution conditions. In this study, a theory is given for the calculation of side reaction coefficients. Values of the α

M(L)-coefficients, for the pH range 0–14, are presented for EDTA, DTPA, and also for some other new potential environmentally friendly chelating agents.
Prehydrolysis ofEucalyptus globulusLabill. hemicelluloses prior to pulping and fermentation of the hydrolysates with the yeastPichia stipitis10thEWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008
Authors: Mendes Cátia Vanessa Teixeira , Baptista Cristina Maria Santos Gaudêncio , Rocha Jorge Manuel Santos , Carvalho Maria Graça Videira Sousa 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe aim of this work was to evaluate the potential ofEucalyptus globulushemicelluloses, mainly xylan, for bioethanol production. Hemicelluloses have been removed prior to pulping by auto-hydrolysis and an acid-catalysed hydrolysis. As the hydrolysates obtained were rich in xylose, the yeastPichia stipitiswas selected for fermentation. It was confirmed that the yeast performance is strongly dependent on pH and the presence of inhibitors, such as lignin. The addition of Ca(OH)2was successful for lowering the concentration of inhibitors and adjusting the pH. The strain was grown in culture media with increasing volumetric percentages of treated hydrolysates up to 100% (v/v), supplemented with nutrients other than the carbon and energy source. This methodology shortened the lag phase of fermentation and improved the performance of yeast. Maximum ethanol concentration (12 gethl-1), productivity (0.22 gethl-1h-1), and yield (0.48 gethgxyl eqs-1) were achieved with treated acid-hydrolysates. These results are similar to those obtained by a synthetic medium with an equivalent xylose concentration.
‘Loving too much’: the text of Plutarch, Themistokles 2. 3
Authors: Duff Timothy E. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
This paper argues that the emendation ὑπερερῶν for ms. ὑπερoρῶν in Them. 2. 3, although rejected by many editors and commentators, should be accepted. The manuscripts have Themistokles ‘despising’ practical studies, that is studies which promoted ‘intelligence and action’. But this makes little sense in context and disrupts the logic of the whole chapter, which presupposes a contrast between real education, which Themistokles rejects, and practical activities, on which he concentrates and for which he was suited by nature. It is much more plausible that Themistokles is presented as having ‘an excessive love’ for practical studies. Indeed, this combination – rejection of true education and enthusiasm for practical training – characterises several other subjects of Plutarch, while erotic metaphors are used to describe Themistokles’ obsession with practical success in the next chapter.
“A Real Feminine Journey”
Authors: Mithlo Nancy Marie 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Despite the prevailing acceptance of homogenized global sensibilities in media productions, many American Indian and other indigenous artists continue to articulate a sovereign, bounded, and discrete identity based on land, family, and memory. Both material (embodied knowledge) and ideological (the interconnectedness of people, the earth, and culture) constructs enable communal paradigms rather than individualistic or gendered identities to rise to the fore. Given these parameters, how can the testimonies of native women's lives as artists inform debates of indigenous feminisms? Drawing from Native women artists' narratives, transnational feminist scholarship, and ethnographic and historical texts, the author demonstrates how indigenous communities become gendered communities as a result of colonialism.