bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactions to abortion and subsequent mental health
Authors: Fergusson David M. , Horwood L. John , Boden Joseph M. 
Published: November 2009

BackgroundThere has been continued interest in the extent to which women have positive and negative reactions to abortion.AimsTo document emotional reactions to abortion, and to examine the links between reactions to abortion and subsequent mental health outcomes.MethodData were gathered on the pregnancy and mental health history of a birth cohort of over 500 women studied to the age of 30.ResultsAbortion was associated with high rates of both positive and negative emotional reactions; however, nearly 90% of respondents believed that the abortion was the right decision. Analyses showed that the number of negative responses to the abortion was associated with increased levels of subsequent mental health disorders (P<0.05). Further analyses suggested that, after adjustment for confounding, those having an abortion and reporting negative reactions had rates of mental health disorders that were approximately 1.4–1.8 times higher than those not having an abortion.ConclusionsAbortion was associated with both positive and negative emotional reactions. The extent of negative emotional reactions appeared to modify the links between abortion and subsequent mental health problems.
Whither DSM–V?
Authors: Frances Allen 
Published: November 2009

SummaryThe DSM–V development process started with a grand ambition to provide a ‘paradigm shift’ in psychiatric diagnosis, based initially on the identification of biological markers. This is clearly unattainable, and so energy has now been diverted into developing other major changes, including the development of dimensional ratings and the formal diagnosis of prodromal and subthreshold disorders. It is argued that this process could lead to false positive ‘epidemics’ with harmful excessive treatments. The better, more modest, alternative is to reassess the text descriptions of the disorders and join with ICD–11 in creating a single nested system for both DSM–V and ICD–11.
Decreased Expression of A-Kinase Anchoring Protein 150 in GT1 Neurons Decreases Neuron Excitability and Frequency of Intrinsic Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Pulses
Authors: Chen Qiumei , Weiner Richard I. , Blackman Brigitte E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe frequency of intrinsic pulsatile GnRH secretion from endogenous GnRH neurons and GT1 GnRH cell lines is stimulated by increased intracellular cAMP levels. The downstream molecules comprising the cAMP signaling pathway are organized in microdomains by a family of scaffolding proteins, A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). These molecules tether protein kinase A, cAMP-specific phosphodiesterases, phosphatases to known substrates. In neurons AKAP150 organizes many of the signaling molecules known to regulate the excitability and intrinsic pulsatile activity of GnRH neurons. AKAP150 was expressed in both the GT1-1 and GT1-7 cells. We determined the role of AKAP150 in coordinating GT1-1 cell excitability and intrinsic GnRH pulsatile secretion by lowering AKAP150 levels with a small interfering RNA (siRNA) adenovirus construct to AKAP150 (Ad-AKAP150-siRNA). Infection with Ad-AKAP150-siRNA specifically decreased AKAP150 mRNA levels by 74% and protein levels by 53% relative to uninfected cells or cells infected with a luciferase control adenovirus siRNA vector. In GT1 cells, spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations, an index of neuron excitability, are stimulated by increased levels of intracellular cAMP and lowered by decreased levels. The frequency of spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations in Ad-AKAP150-siRNA-treated GT1-1 cells decreased by 47.2% relative to controls. A dramatic decrease in the number of spontaneous GnRH pulses was also observed after infection with Ad-AKAP150-siRNA. The interpulse interval increased to 143 ± 20.25 min in Ad-AKAP150-siRNA infected cells from 32.2 ± 7.3 min in luciferase control adenovirus siRNA vector-infected cells. These data demonstrate an important role of AKAP150 in coordinating signaling events regulating the frequency of intrinsic pulsatile GnRH secretion.
Cycloamylose-based Biomaterial: Nanogel of Cholesterol-bearing Cationic Cycloamylose for siRNA Delivery
Authors: Toita Sayaka , Soma Yuki , Morimoto Nobuyuki , Akiyoshi Kazunari 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
A new siRNA delivery system made of a functional cycloamylose nanogel is reported. Cholesterol-bearing cationic cycloamylose formed nanogels by self-assembly in water. The nanogels formed 20–40 nm nanoparticles that bound to 21 bp siRNA. The complexes exerted an RNAi effect on SCC7-GL3 cells that stably express the luciferase gene.
Computergestützte Messung des KontaktwiderstandesComputer-controlled Contact Resistance Measurement
Authors: Bähnck Frauke , Wagner Friedrich Ernst 
Published: November 2009

Zusammenfassung
Die Wartung der zunehmend mit Sensoren, Aktuatoren und Steuerungsgeräten ausgerüsteten Verkehrsmittel erfordert lösbare Kabelverbindungen. Genau diese sind aber das schwächste Glied in der Kette vom Sensor zum Aktuator. Nicht ausreichender Kontakt im Steckverbinder führt zu Ausfällen in der Stromversorgung. Es wurde ein vollautomatisiertes Messsystem entwickelt, mit dem der Kontaktwiderstand in Abhängigkeit von der Kontaktkraft, der Geometrie und den spezifischen Widerständen der Kontaktpartner ermittelt wird. Hiermit erhält der Entwickler von lösbaren Verbindungen die Möglichkeit, aus dem Verlauf der Änderung des Kontaktwiderstandes in Abhängigkeit von der Kontaktkraft den Kraftschluss zu entnehmen, der für eine sichere Kontaktgabe erforderlich ist.
Neonatal Informatics—Dream of a Paperless NICU
Authors: Drummond Willa H. 
Published: November 2009

Expert versus novice clinical data gathering, cognitive modeling strategies, and physical skills for evaluating medical problems differ markedly in complexity, clinical accuracy, and speed. Experts’ mental models develop during a decade of education and practical training. Clinical experts use data-based clinical information flow in near real-time to assess complex intensive care unit (ICU) situations and to act definitively and correctly within 2 to 30 seconds of acute problem recognition. Critical care bedside medical management of unstable neonates, when parents are present, challenges all existing clinical processes and computerized information systems. Success is currently-site dependent. Details are very important.
The critical care expert's working mental model is a temporally sequenced, multidimensional, physiologically based matrix, in which 20 to 60 simultaneous clinical variables can be assimilated nearly instantaneously. The mental data-seeking exercise follows an expert's cognitive pattern of simultaneously developing answers, while still seeking more data. Any computerized, paperless incarnation of clinical data management in NICUs should have instant data access at the bedside for full support of focused, expert-level, cognitive work and decision making. High-speed information reporting is essential in all ICU environments.
Critical care clinicians often are interrupted by a more urgent situation. Standard computer access/use/log-off is very difficult to incorporate seamlessly into a NICU workflow. Critical care physicians report feeling cognitively blinded by computer-related fragmentation of the temporally flowing clinical data streams. Nurses are distracted by time-consuming, adult-designed charting systems requiring typed data entry. Reports are slow and fragmented.
Neonatologists and criticalists find that existing computerized charting methods in NICUs waste time. Without bedside data tracking, quick understanding of the overall situation of a particular patient, at the bedside, at a particular moment is virtually impossible. New computerization introduces change that often disrupts generations-old clinical workflow functions and may have many unintended consequences. Planning, developing, or purchasing and implementing effective systems for totally computerizing an NICU is an interdisciplinary work in progress.
Beyond Trastuzumab: Small Molecule Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in HER-2–Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Roy Vivek , Perez Edith A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLearning ObjectivesAfter completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe the potential therapeutic advantages of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) over antibody mediated inhibition with trastuzumab, such as oral bioavailability and ability to cross the blood–brain barrier.Explain the ability of TKIs to overcome resistance to and synergize with trastuzumab.Discuss the multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitors currently in development and their spectrum of targets and toxicities.This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com.HER-2 is a transmembrane, tyrosine kinase (TK) receptor whose overexpression is associated with adverse prognosis in breast cancer. The biological effects of HER-2 are mediated by kinase activity causing phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in the cytoplasmic domain of the receptor molecule, leading to activation of downstream growth-promoting pathways. Antibody-mediated inhibition by trastuzumab as well as TK inhibition are clinically effective anti–HER-2 strategies. Kinase inhibitors offer some potential therapeutic advantages over antibody-based therapies. Being small molecules, TK inhibitors (TKIs) have oral bioavailability and ability to cross the blood–brain barrier. Because of their different mode of action, TKIs may be able to overcome some of the mechanisms of trastuzumab resistance. Preclinical, and limited clinical data also suggest that TKIs and trastuzumab have synergistic activity. Lapatinib is the only TKI available for clinical use at present, but several molecules with anti–HER-2 activity have been identified and are undergoing evaluation. These differ in the spectrum of kinases that they inhibit, potency of HER-2 inhibition, pharmacokinetic properties, and toxicity profiles, and are at various stages of clinical development. In this article we summarize selected HER-2 TKIs approved for clinical use or in development for which clinical data are available.
Measurement of plasma renin concentration in cats by use of a fluorescence resonance energy transfer peptide substrate of renin
Authors: Schmiedt Chad W. , Hurley Katherine A. E. , Tong Xiaohe , Rakhmanova Vera A. , Po Cecilia L. , Hurley David J. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the use of a commercially available 5-carboxyfluorescein–based, intramolecularly quenched, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) peptide substrate of renin for measurement of plasma renin concentration in cats.
Sample Population—Plasma samples obtained during a previous study of renal autograft ischemia-reperfusion injury in 10 cats and samples of fetal bovine serum containing recombinant human renin (rh-renin).
Procedures—Experiments involving samples of fetal bovine serum containing rh-renin were conducted to identify a suitable control vehicle, optimal substrate concentration, and appropriate duration of incubation. With the use of the identified assay conditions, a standard curve was constructed to allow conversion of relative fluorescent units into values of renin concentration (ng/mL). Subsequently, plasma samples obtained from cats before and after renal autograft ischemia-reperfusion injury were assayed to determine endogenous renin concentration.
Results—Under conditions of a 1:50 substrate dilution and 4-hour incubation period, the assay detected small amounts of rh-renin in fetal bovine serum. A linear relationship (R2 = 0.996) between the relative fluorescent units generated and exogenous rh-renin concentration was evident. The assay detected renin in plasma samples obtained from cats after renal autograft ischemia-reperfusion, and renin concentrations on days 1 and 2 after transplant differed significantly.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The study data indicated that the assay involving the FRET peptide substrate of renin is potentially a rapid and specific method for measurement of plasma renin concentration in cats.
Effect of topical application of 1% diclofenac sodium liposomal cream on inflammation in healthy horses undergoing intravenous regional limb perfusion with amikacin sulfate
Authors: Levine David G. , Epstein Kira L. , Neelis Dana A. , Ross Michael W. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether topical application of 1% diclofenac sodium cream would decrease inflammation at sites of IV regional limb perfusion (IVRLP) in healthy horses.
Animals—6 healthy adult horses (12 forelimbs).
Procedures—Bilateral IVRLP with 2.5 g of amikacin sulfate was performed twice in each horse, with 24 hours between each session. Horses were treated with topical 1% diclofenac liposomal cream (treated limbs) or a placebo cream (control limbs). All injection sites were evaluated before the first IVRLP session and 24 hours after the second session by means of ultrasonographic examination by a trained ultrasonographer who was unaware of the treatment received. Circumferential measurements and subjective visible inflammation scores were recorded by a veterinarian who was also unaware of treatment received.
Results—After IVRLP, control limbs had a significantly greater increase in subcutaneous thickness, compared with treated limbs. Ultrasonographic and visual assessment scores were significantly higher in control versus treated limbs. The mean change in limb circumference was greater, but not significantly so, in control limbs, compared with treated limbs.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Topical application of 1% diclofenac sodium liposomal cream to sites of IVRLP in healthy horses decreased inflammation as judged by visual assessment and ultrasonography. Decreased inflammation may allow extended use of IVRLP and may result in a reduction in pain in treated horses.
Physiologic effects of electroacupuncture combined with intramuscular administration of xylazine to provide analgesia in goats
Authors: Liu Dong-Ming , Zhou Zhi-Yu , Ding Yi , Chen Jian-Guo , Hu Chang-Min , Chen Xi , Ding Ming-Xing 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Objective—To investigate physiologic effects of electroacupuncture (EA) combined with xylazine administration in goats.
Animals—48 healthy crossbred goats.
Procedures—Goats were randomly allotted to 8 groups of 3 (nonpregnant and nonlactating) female goats and 3 male goats each. The 8 treatment groups were as follows: 1 EA group, 3 xylazine (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/kg, IM) groups, 3 EA plus xylazine (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/kg, IM) groups, and 1 control group. Electroacupuncture was performed for 90 minutes. Xylazine was administered 20 minutes after EA was performed. Pain threshold, heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), respiration rate, and rectal temperature were observed at 0, 5, 25, 45, 65, and 85 minutes after xylazine administration.
Results—Xylazine administered at 0.4 mg/kg increased the pain threshold and reduced MAP. Xylazine administered at 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4 mg/kg reduced heart rate, respiration rate, and temperature. Electroacupuncture increased the pain threshold but had no effect on heart rate, MAP, respiratory rate, or rectal temperature. Pain threshold in goats that underwent EA plus xylazine administration was higher than in goats that received EA or xylazine alone. Electroacupuncture combined with xylazine at 0.1 mg/kg did not affect heart rate, MAP, respiratory rate, or rectal temperature. Pain threshold in goats that underwent EA plus xylazine administration at 0.1 mg/kg was higher than in goats given xylazine at 0.4 mg/kg alone.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Electroacupuncture combined with xylazine, even at 0.1 mg/kg, provided analgesia without significantly affecting cardiorespiratory parameters or rectal temperature in goats.
Comparison of time to desaturation between preoxygenated and nonpreoxygenated dogs following sedation with acepromazine maleate and morphine and induction of anesthesia with propofol
Authors: McNally Erin M. , Robertson Sheilah A. , Pablo Luisito S. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Objective—To compare the time to desaturation in healthy dogs that breathed oxygen or room air for 3 minutes before induction of anesthesia.
Animals—20 healthy dogs.
Procedures—Dogs were sedated with morphine and acepromazine maleate. Dogs received a 3-minute treatment of room air or oxygen (100 mL/kg/min) via face mask. Arterial blood samples were collected before and after treatment to determine PaCO2, PaO2, pH, and SaO2; propofol (6 mg/kg, IV) was injected during a 7-second period, and the dogs were intubated. A lingual pulse oximeter probe was placed. Dogs remained disconnected from the breathing circuit until SpO2 equaled 90% (desaturation point) and then connected and ventilated until the SpO2 was ≥ 97%. Arterial blood samples were collected and SpO2 was recorded every 30 seconds for 4 minutes and then every minute until the desaturation point. Times to first breath and the desaturation point were recorded. Data were collected at 0, 5, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 seconds.
Results—Mean ± SEM time to desaturation differed significantly between dogs treated with room air (69.6 ± 10.6 seconds) and oxygen (297.8 ± 42.0 seconds). Lowest mean PaO2 and SaO2 when dogs were breathing room air were 62 ± 6.3 mm Hg and 82.3 ± 4%, respectively, at 30 seconds.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Preoxygenation for 3 minutes increased the time to desaturation in healthy dogs sedated with acepromazine and morphine in which anesthesia was induced with propofol.
Comparison of recovery from anesthesia with isoflurane, sevoflurane, or desflurane in healthy dogs
Authors: Lopez Luis A. , Hofmeister Erik H. , Pavez Juan C. , Brainard Benjamin M. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Objective—To determine the quality and speed of recovery from anesthesia with isoflurane, sevoflurane, or desflurane and determine end-tidal inhalant concentration at certain events during recovery in healthy dogs.
Animals—11 healthy dogs.
Procedures—Anesthesia was induced with propofol (IV), and dogs were assigned by use of a crossover design to receive isoflurane at 2.0%, sevoflurane at 3.2%, or desflurane at 11% end-tidal concentrations. Direct blood pressure was monitored throughout the 120 minutes of anesthesia. At the end of anesthesia, the circuit was flushed with oxygen, and the time to specific events in recovery and overall quality of recovery were assessed. Blood gas concentrations were measured prior to anesthesia and after recovery.
Results—Dogs in the desflurane group had the shortest time to standing (11.7 ± 5.1 minutes), followed by dogs in the sevoflurane group (18.6 ± 7.5 minutes) and dogs in the isoflurane group (26.3 ± 7.2 minutes). There was no difference for recovery quality among groups. Arterial blood pressure was higher in the sevoflurane group than in the desflurane group at 10 and 15 minutes and in the isoflurane group at 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 105, and 120 minutes. There were no significant differences among groups with respect to blood gas concentrations.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that in dogs for which a short interval to standing is desired, desflurane is the best selection, followed by sevoflurane.
Effect of intravenous administration of lactated Ringer's solution or hetastarch for the treatment of isoflurane-induced hypotension in dogs
Authors: Aarnes Turi K. , Bednarski Richard M. , Lerche Phillip , Hubbell John A. E. , Muir William W. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effect of IV administration of crystalloid (lactated Ringer's solution [LRS]) or colloid (hetastarch) fluid on isoflurane-induced hypotension in dogs.
Animals—6 healthy Beagles.
Procedures—On 3 occasions, each dog was anesthetized with propofol and isoflurane and instrumented with a thermodilution catheter (pulmonary artery). Following baseline assessments of hemodynamic variables, end-tidal isoflurane concentration was increased to achieve systolic arterial blood pressure (SABP) of 80 mm Hg. At that time (0 minutes), 1 of 3 IV treatments (no fluid, LRS [80 mL/kg/h], or hetastarch [80 mL/kg/h]) was initiated. Fluid administration continued until SABP was within 10% of baseline or to a maximum volume of 80 mL/kg (LRS) or 40 mL/kg (hetastarch). Hemodynamic variables were measured at intervals (0 through 120 minutes and additionally at 150 and 180 minutes in LRS- or hetastarch-treated dogs). Several clinicopathologic variables including total protein concentration, PCV, colloid osmotic pressure, and viscosity of blood were assessed at baseline and intervals thereafter (0 through 120 minutes).
Results—Administration of 80 mL of LRS/kg did not increase SABP in any dog, whereas administration of ≤ 40 mL of hetastarch/kg increased SABP in 4 of 6 dogs. Fluid administration increased cardiac index and decreased systemic vascular resistance. Compared with hetastarch treatment, administration of LRS decreased blood viscosity. Treatment with LRS decreased PCV and total protein concentration, whereas treatment with hetastarch increased colloid osmotic pressure.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that IV administration of hetastarch rather than LRS is recommended for the treatment of isoflurane-induced hypotension in dogs.
Changes in growth of the hoof wall and hoof morphology in response to regular periods of trotting exercise in Standardbreds
Authors: Faramarzi Babak , Thomason Jeffrey J. , Sears William C. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Objective—To quantitate changes in hoof wall growth and hoof morphology induced by mild exercise in Standardbreds.
Animals—18 Standardbreds.
Procedures—Horses were exercised at approximately 6 m/s (4,200 to 5,600 m/d) on 4 d/wk for 17 weeks. Both exercise (n = 9) and nonexercise (control group; 9) groups were housed in a large paddock throughout the study. At the beginning and end of the study, right forelimb feet of all horses were digitally photographed and underwent magnetic resonance imaging. Hoof wall measurements were obtained from the images to evaluate hoof wall growth and morphometric variables. Data were compared between the groups and within each group via a quadratic model. Changes in each variable and pairwise correlations between variables were evaluated.
Results—Morphometric variables did not significantly differ between the control and exercise groups. However, differences within each group between the start and the end of the study were significant for several variables; overall, values for hoof wall variables increased and those for solar variables decreased. Between the beginning and the end of the study, the amount of variation in values of hoof capsule variables in the exercise group decreased to a greater extent, compared with control group findings. Patterns of pairwise correlations for variables differed between the groups.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In Standardbreds, mild exercise for 17 weeks caused no significant changes in hoof wall growth or morphometric variables. Subtle changes may develop in equine hooves in response to loading, and mild exercise may not be a strong adaptive stimulus.