bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Noah‐MP performance with available soil information for vertically heterogenous soils
Authors: Yimam Yohannes Tadesse , Neely Haly L. , Morgan Cristine L. S. , Kishné Andrea , Gross Jonathan , Gochis David 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe increasing availability of modern digital soil databases provides an opportunity to integrate these data into land surface models (LSMs), such as Noah‐MP, for a more realistic representation of soil in estimating mass and energy flux at the land‐atmosphere boundary. Noah‐MP uses a default soil parameter table and a texturally uniform vertical soil profile to a depth of 2 m. Previous research has revised this soil parameter table, and 95% of the values investigated were suggested to be replaced using updated pedotransfer functions and new datasets. In addition to updated parameters, most LSMs do not consider vertical heterogeneity in soil texture despite the widespread distribution of these soils globally. This research assessed both (1) revisions to the soil parameter table and (2) vertical soil heterogeneity, including the presence of bedrock, on simulated water and energy fluxes. At three locations across Texas, plant‐available water (PAW) estimates from Noah‐MP simulations were evaluated using in situ measurements. Due to the lack of water and energy flux data, soil water content values simulated by Noah‐MP were compared with the output from another well‐established model, Root Zone Water Quality Model 2 (RZWQM2). Results showed improving representation of soil improved Nash–Sutcliff efficiency coefficient, model bias, and root mean square difference of Noah‐MP simulated PAW when compared with measured PAW and RZWQM2 simulated PAW. A maximum difference in annual evapotranspiration of 150 mm between simulations was observed. These results demonstrate the need for better accounting of soil knowledge in LSMs for modeling mass and energy exchange at the land‐atmosphere boundaries.
Septal Branch Occlusion Leading to Complete Heart Block Post‐Percutaneous Intervention: A Cautionary Tale in Left Bundle Branch Block Patients
Authors: Manasrah AlMothana , Akel Tamer , Qaqa Firas 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTA 66‐year‐old man with a baseline electrocardiogram (ECG) showing left bundle branch block developed persistent complete atrioventricular block following stent placement in the proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD), necessitating permanent pacemaker implantation. The complication is believed to have resulted from occlusion of the second septal branch, which likely supplied the right bundle of the His system. During elective interventions targeting the LAD in patients with pre‐existing conduction abnormalities, it is crucial to maintain adequate blood flow to the septal perforators.
Saliva Proteomics Highlights Potential BMI‐Related Biomarkers for Forensic and Medical Research
Authors: Tian Shunyi , Wang Qiyan , Huang Xiaolan , Zhu Shengjie , Zhang Hongling , Ren Zheng , Liu Yubo , Yang Meiqing , Huang Jiang , Jin Xiaoye 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObesity and underweight pose significant threats to human health as non‐communicable diseases. In addition, body shape (like obesity or emaciation) is an important investigative clue in forensic practice. Body mass index (BMI) is a common indicator to reflect body shape of an individual. However, there is a lack of rapid, simple, and effective methods for identifying different BMI individuals. This research aimed to delve into the correlations between salivary proteins and BMI. A total of 418 differential expression proteins (DEPs) were identified through four‐dimensional data independent acquisition quantitative proteomics analysis. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that DEPs were primarily involved in oxidative phosphorylation, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, and cholesterol metabolism pathways. Finally, we identified 17 protein markers that were correlated with BMI. Two machine‐learning models (random forest and support vector machine) were also built based on these 17 markers. Obtained results demonstrated the efficacy of these 17 protein markers in accurately distinguishing different BMI individuals. In conclusion, our study not only provides potential salivary protein markers for identifying obesity and underweight individuals, it could also present a novel method for inferring BMI of saliva‐related samples in forensic case investigation.
The Dynamic Behavior of Charged Particles During the Relaxation Process of Electrophoretic Displays
Authors: Mai Sheng , Liu Xuekai , Zhao Juncheng , Yu Zhihang , Jin Jing , Shi Liuyong , Zhou Teng 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTElectrophoretic displays (EPDs) are commonly employed in applications like e‐books and electronic price tags due to their benefits of minimal power consumption, excellent contrast, and broad viewing angles. This article establishes a dynamic model for nanoparticles after the removal of the applied electric field. The model combines the Poisson equation, the Navier–Stokes equation, and the Nernst–Planck equation. The Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian method is applied to simulate nanoparticle diffusion motion under varying conditions, such as solution viscosity, particle radius, and reverse micelle radius, after the electric field is removed. The results indicate that after the electric field is removed, high‐viscosity solutions exert a stronger hindrance on the particles, resulting in a shorter displacement over the same time period. With equal charge, smaller particle radius exhibits higher surface charge density, allowing them to travel further within the same time frame. Additionally, a smaller reverse micelle radius facilitates the rapid neutralization of surface charge on the particles, thereby limiting their diffusion distance. These findings provide theoretical support for a deeper understanding of the operating mechanism of EPDs.
The Impact of Blade Surface Roughness on Wind Turbine Efficiency: A Monte Carlo Method Approach
Authors: Biazar Dariush , Afzalian Amard 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the impact of blade surface roughness on the performance and efficiency of wind turbines. Environmental factors such as icing, insects, dust, and pollution contribute to blade roughness, increasing aerodynamic drag and reducing power output. In this study, a Monte Carlo simulation is employed to analyze the effects of surface roughness on key variables, including the power coefficient, rotor torque, generator speed, and blade pitch angle in two distinct operating regions: partial load and full load. The results indicate that in the partial load region, increased roughness leads to a reduction in the power coefficient, generator speed, and rotor torque, ultimately lowering power output. However, in the full load region, the control system compensates for roughness effects by adjusting the blade pitch angle, maintaining a nearly constant power output. This study provides a probabilistic analysis of roughness effects, aiding engineers in developing optimized strategies for wind turbine design and maintenance to minimize energy losses and enhance efficiency.
Climate Fiction as Future‐Making: Narrative and Cultural Modelling Beyond Representation
Authors: Bartosch Roman , Hoydis Julia 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTClimate fiction (cli‐fi) increasingly attracts the attention of wider publics and expert science communities. And yet, critiques of its limits and the limits of its efficiency as a tool of persuading broader readerships are also becoming more frequent. This article draws on such critiques and discussions of the limits of representing climate change and related crises. We argue that, first, a focus on the representational capacity of fiction occludes other, equally important, functions of fiction. Second, we aver that such a focus insufficiently reflects on its own didactic bias that leads critics to endorse or even instrumentalize literary narrative for the seemingly obvious good cause of educating or mobilizing readers. The article suggests shifting the focus from mere issues of representation to questions of the effect and impact of reading in the wider conceptual context of climate imaginaries, defined as a shared set of beliefs, practices and norms, that define the scope of individual and collective future‐thinking. It aims to develop a better understanding of the potential links between future‐making and fiction and employs insights from model theory and theories and practices of (climate) modelling—the dominant, authoritative form of future‐making in many disciplines, especially the natural sciences—to propose that cli‐fi can be seen as an important alternative future‐making tool when it is recognized as a form of cultural modelling. This allows us to acknowledge that cli‐fi is a future‐making technology directly impacting climate imaginaries, as the article will show through exemplary readings of two case studies, Jessie Greengrass's novel The High House (2021) and Rory Mullarkey's play Flood (premiered 2018).
Long‐Term Follow‐Up of Patients With Positive Antiphospholipid Antibodies After Fetal Death: Five Typical Cases From a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Xie Anxia , Liu Zhanmei , Wang Shenglan , Yuan Mingqian , Xie Ling , Liu Shengdong , Wei Xiaoxing 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundTesting of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) has attracted increasing attention for its association with thrombosis and pregnancy loss. However, few studies reported long‐term monitoring outcomes of patients who experienced pregnancy loss and exhibited positivity for aPLs.ObjectiveWe investigated the causes of fetal death in five cases with positive aPLs and traced the patients for changes in aPLs, subsequent pregnancy outcomes, and thrombotic events.MethodsThis is a report of five typical cases from a prospective cohort study on the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) in patients who were hospitalized for fetal death in Xining, China. Long‐term follow‐up was conducted and repeat aPL testing was recommended when the patients were confirmed or suspect APS.ResultsAll five patients had subsequent pregnancies that resulted in term livebirths. None of the patients experienced thrombotic events. One showed progression of aPL serostatus from alone IgM of aβ2GP‐1 to both IgM and IgG of aβ2GP‐1, two exhibited fluctuation of aPL serostatus, and one had negative conversion, and the other one had not retested aPLs and did not receive any intervention with uneventful subsequent pregnancy.ConclusionsThe aPLs of a patient with APS may develop or may disappear, so long‐term monitoring cannot be discounted. Also, a woman who has experienced fetal death and exhibits positivity for aPLs may not necessarily be a patient with APS, as there are a variety of conditions in which aPLs appear.
Economic viability of robotic fruit harvesters to reduce large seasonal labor demands: Analysis of Gala and Honeycrisp apples
Authors: Charlton Diane , Devadoss Stephen , Gallardo R. Karina , Luckstead Jeff , Vougioukas Stavros 
Published: February 2025

AbstractFruit harvesting is labor intensive and relies heavily on a decreasing immigrant farm labor supply. This study develops a model to compare robotic and manual apple‐harvesting profits. Given the anticipated performance of robotic prototypes, we find that a grower could spend $248.42 per acre per year on a robotic harvester and obtain the same profit as manual harvest. Marginal improvements in the percent of fruit harvested, harvester speed, and robot‐induced damage would greatly enhance robot profitability and farmers could spend more on the harvester and still obtain the same profit as manual harvest.
2‐[18F] FDG PET/CT in Rapid Late‐Onset Multiple Acyl‐CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency: A Case Report
Authors: Høj Astrid , Holm‐Yildiz Sonja , Krag Thomas , Dejanovic Danijela , van Overeem Hansen Thomas , Dunø Morten , Ørngreen Mette Cathrine , Vissing John , Løkken Nicoline 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMultiple acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) is a rare inborn metabolic myopathy affecting fat and protein metabolism. Patients with late‐onset MADD typically present with exercise intolerance and muscle weakness. We present a patient with an acute, very late‐onset symptom debut at 52 years of age. Over 5 months, the patient deteriorated from asymptomatic to almost complete loss of ambulation. He had a substantial weight loss, head‐drop, progressive proximal limb and chewing weakness. Due to the rapid progression, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, myositis, myasthenia gravis and a paraneoplastic syndrome in relation to underlying malignancy were considered first. A 2‐[18F] FDG PET/CT scan was performed to exclude a paraneoplastic syndrome. The scan revealed diffuse and symmetric, pathologically high 2‐[18F] FDG‐uptake in the patient's neck, shoulder, and paravertebral muscles, which was later suggested as a sign of a metabolic myopathy. Muscle biopsy (Oil Red O staining) and acylcarnitine profile (elevated C5‐C18 acylcarnitines) findings suggested MADD, which was confirmed by genetic analysis showing biallelic variants in the ETFDH gene (c.1763A>G, p.(His588Arg); c.897G>A, p.(Leu299=)). After 1 month of dietary intervention and daily diet supplements (riboflavin 400 mg TID, levocarnitine 1 g TID, Q10 150 mg qD in two doses), the patient had almost recovered to his habitual level. A posttreatment muscle biopsy showed less disrupted ultrastructure of the myofibers. We learned from this case of rapid and late‐onset MADD that 2‐[18F] FDG PET/CT, with diffuse and symmetric 2‐[18F] FDG‐uptake in skeletal muscle, can be valuable in clarifying this rare diagnosis.
Combination of Portable X‐Ray Fluorescence With Soil Magnetometry as an Effective Tool for Distinguish Different Pollution Sources
Authors: Magiera Tadeusz , Szuszkiewicz Marcin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTTo improve the efficiency of soil management and the identification of polluted areas to apply joint measurement technique including soil magnetometry (following the ISO 21226:2019 standard) and portable X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry (pXRF). The measurements were conducted in two forest areas of the Silesian region (South Poland) with similar geological background, soil types and geomorphology, affected by different pollution sources. The results obtained using three pXRF measurements procedures (field measurement, laboratory measurement of fresh and dry samples) were verified in a chemical laboratory (ICP‐OES technique with aqua regia). Based on the results, the most reliable values were obtained when using air‐dried, sieved and homogenised soil samples. Field measurements were characterised by low measurement repeatability because of the heterogeneity of the measured soil surface (high porosity, variable granulation, high content of organic matter) and the high litter moisture. When determining the concentration levels of Co, Mn, Pb, V and Zn in dry samples, the values measured by pXRF were comparable to those obtained via ICP‐OES. In the case of As, the average values were 50% higher than those determined via ICP‐OES, whereas the Cr and Ni concentrations were underestimated. The Spearman's rank correlation between magnetic susceptibility and the concentrations of Pb, Zn, As (rs = 0.84, 0.88, 0.85, respectively) as well as the pollution load index (PLI), were sufficiently high to apply the soil magnetometry method on both tested sites. However, in the site affected by magnetic particles from one dominant pollution source, the correlation values were significantly higher than those in the site with overlapping emission sources (urban and industrial sources).
Analysis of mitogenomes from the family Keratoisididae reveals mitonuclear discordance and the presence of unknown open reading frames
Authors: Morrissey Declan , Quattrini Andrea M. , Allcock A. Louise 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Historically, evolutionary studies have not been able to resolve relationships within Octocorallia but recent advances in genomic techniques have allowed large numbers of Ultra Conserved Elements and exons, collectively referred to as conserved elements, to be extracted from the nuclear genome. Few studies have compared evolutionary histories generated with these conserved elements and with those inferred from complete mitogenomes. We examined the characteristics of 26 complete mitogenomes and constructed both mitochondrial and nuclear (1418 conserved elements) phylogenies of the family Keratoisididae, a prolific group of exclusively deep-sea corals. Relationships among most keratoisidid groups were well supported by the conserved element phylogeny while many were unresolved from mitogenomic inferences. In addition, some incongruences were observed. The position of keratoisidid groups F1 and I4, and the observed polyphyly of D2 in the nuclear inference phylogeny, provide evidence for mitonuclear discordance within the group. Multiple novel Open Reading Frames (ORFs) of unknown function were found in the mitogenome between cob and nad6. These ORFs ranged in size from 84 to 537 bp and were present in all examined mitogenomes except those assigned to keratoisidid group A1 which only has a 10 bp gap between coding regions. Further investigation is required to determine whether these ORFs are expressed and, if so, what function they have. The presence of mitonuclear discordance within the family indicates that phylogenies constructed with concatenated mitochondrial and nuclear markers may be inappropriate.
Metabolic acidosis is associated with infection severity in pediatric pyelonephritis and pneumonia
Authors: Brummer Hannah , Wang Hongyue , Schwartz George J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Pyelonephritis is the most common serious bacterial infection in pediatric patients. Several electrolyte abnormalities have been described with pyelonephritis, including metabolic acidosis. We sought to describe the frequency and clinical significance of metabolic acidosis in pediatric patients with acute Escherichia coli (E. coli) pyelonephritis, with comparison to parallel infection group of bacterial pneumonia.

Methods
This was a single-center, retrospective study of pediatric patients with pyelonephritis or pneumonia hospitalization. Nadir serum bicarbonate and anion gap values were collected, and baseline and recovery values when available. Serum electrolyte and creatinine values and markers of infection severity were recorded.

Results
Ninety-four pyelonephritis and 95 pneumonia subjects were included. Pyelonephritis mean nadir bicarbonate was 20 (SD 3) mEq/L, statistically significantly lower than 21 (3) mEq/L in pneumonia. Corresponding anion gap was 16 (4) mEq/L in pyelonephritis, statistically significantly lower than 17 (3) mEq/L in pneumonia. There was significant correlation between acidosis and number of fever days in pyelonephritis and between acidosis and hospital length of stay in both groups.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated development of acidosis in 84% of patients with pyelonephritis and in 66% with pneumonia. The mechanism of acidosis appears to have a greater contribution from elevated anion gap in the pneumonia group compared to the pyelonephritis group. Lower nadir serum bicarbonate values are associated with longer hospital length of stay in both groups and greater number of fever days in the pyelonephritis patients.

Graphical abstract
Analysing futex-based synchronisation primitives using model checking
Authors: Evrard Hugues , Donaldson Alastair F. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The futex Linux system call enables implementing performant inter-thread and inter-process synchronisation primitives, such as mutexes and condition variables. However, the futex system call is notoriously difficult to use correctly. An early implementation of futex-based mutexes in the Linux Native POSIX Thread Library suffered from a subtle defect. When teaching about clever futex-based mutex designs that avoid these early shortcomings, we have found that their intricacies are hard to understand and difficult to convey to students. In this case study, we use the Promela modelling language to model a number of futex-based mutex and condition variable implementations, and the Spin model checker to verify safety properties over these models. We show that model checking is effective at confirming known bugs that affected real-world implementations and at confirming that current implementations do indeed behave correctly in multi-threaded environments. We also investigate the effectiveness of symmetry reduction and two memory usage reduction techniques for increasing the scalability of model checking in this domain. The Promela models we have developed are available as open source. They may be useful as teaching material for classes that cover futex-based synchronisation primitives and as a template for performing formal verification on new synchronisation primitive designs.
Software vulnerability detection under poisoning attacks using CNN-based image processing
Authors: González-Manzano Lorena , Garcia-Alfaro Joaquin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Design flows, code errors, or inadequate countermeasures may occur in software development. Some of them lead to vulnerabilities in the code, opening the door to attacks. Assorted techniques are developed to detect vulnerable code samples, making artificial intelligence techniques, such as Machine Learning (ML), a common practice. Nonetheless, the security of ML is a major concern. This includes the the case of ML-based detection whose training process is affected by data poisoning. More generally, vulnerability detection can be evaded unless poisoning attacks are properly handled. This paper tackles this problem. A novel vulnerability detection system based on ML-based image processing, using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), is proposed. The system, hereinafter called IVul, is evaluated under the presence of backdoor attacks, a precise type of poisoning in which a pattern is introduced in the training data to alter the expected behavior of the learned models. IVul is evaluated with more than three thousand code samples associated with two representative programming languages (C# and PHP). IVul outperforms other comparable state-of-the-art vulnerability detectors in the literature, reaching

$$82\%$$

82
%

to

$$99\%$$

99
%

detection accuracy. Besides, results show that the type of attack may affect a particular language more than another, though, in general, PHP is more resilient to proposed attacks than C#.
Otfrid Foerster (1873–1941): Pionier einer funktionell orientierten Neurochirurgie
Authors: Zentner Josef 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Otfrid Foerster gilt als eine der herausragendsten Persönlichkeiten der Neurowissenschaften des frühen 20. Jahrhunderts. Von der deskriptiven Neurologie seiner Pariser Lehrzeit kommend, verfolgte er einen analytischen Ansatz, der ihn in die Neurochirurgie führte, die ihm durch Reizung und Beobachtung der Reizantworten ein funktionell-topografisches Verständnis neurologischer Erkrankungen ermöglichte. Die daraus resultierenden praktischen Erkenntnisse erbrachten ihm eine hohe internationale Reputation und prägten die Entwicklung der Neurophysiologie in der westlichen Welt. Erst gegen Ende seines knapp 20-jährigen Wirkens als Professor für Neurologie in Breslau konnte sein lang gehegter Traum eines modernen neurologischen Institutes, in dem Krankenversorgung und Grundlagenforschung vereint waren, realisiert werden.