bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐metastatic osteosarcoma of the extremities in children aged 5 years or younger
Authors: Abate Massimo Eraldo , Longhi Alessandra , Galletti Stefano , Ferrari Stefano , Bacci Gaetano 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe occurrence of high‐grade osteosarcoma is rare in children aged 5 years or younger and only limited series or case reports have been described.MethodsThe records of patients aged 5 years or younger with non‐metastatic high‐grade osteosarcoma of the extremities treated with surgery and adjuvant or neo‐adjuvant chemotherapy at Rizzoli Institute between 1972 and 1999 were retrospectively evaluated in relation to gender, primary tumor site, histological subtype, surgical treatment, chemotherapy‐induced tumor necrosis, 5‐ and 10‐year event‐free survival (EFS), and rate of local recurrence. Data were compared to patients aged 6–40 years entered with the same diagnosis and over the same time interval.ResultsData from 20 patients were collected. Comparing these data with those from 1,106 patients 6–40 years of age only two main differences resulted: the younger group showed a higher rate for fibroblastic subtype (P < 0.01) and for amputation surgery (P < 0.01). Among the two groups, no statistical difference was observed for the 5‐year EFS (60% vs. 53.8%; P = 0.6) and 10‐year EFS (60% vs. 52.1%; P = 0.5). The rate of local recurrence was 5.0% and 5.4%.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that in non‐metastatic osteosarcoma of the extremities outcome and clinical characteristics are similar among children 5 years of age or younger and older patients. However, in the younger group we have observed a significant higher rate of fibroblastic subtype as well as a significant higher rate of mutilating surgery. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:652–654. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Imaging in pediatric patients: Time to think again about surveillance
Authors: Lee Chong Amy , Grant Ronald M. , Ahmed Bilal A. , Thomas Karen E. , Connolly Bairbre L. , Greenberg Mark 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackgroundDespite concerns regarding ionizing radiation exposures from diagnostic imaging procedures in pediatric patients, many are deemed unavoidable or even mandated by treatment protocols. A prior review at our institution found patients with lymphoma had a higher median cumulative radiation exposure (191 mSv) versus other oncology subgroups (61 mSv).PurposeEstimations of cumulative diagnostic radiation exposures were tabulated for 5 years from the first diagnostic scan for 30 consecutive lymphoma patients diagnosed in 2001. Each individual imaging procedure was reviewed and classified as protocol mandated or discretionary (for disease surveillance, good patient care or radiologist request).ResultsAlmost all patients (28/29) received chemotherapy; one had surgery only. Individual cumulative radiation exposures ranged from 10 to 642 mSv. Over 5 years, 690 procedures were performed; 303 (44%) X‐rays, 203 (29%) CTs, 157 (23%) radionucleotide, and 27 (4%) interventional procedures. Of these, 238 (34%) were protocol required and 452 (66%) discretionary (224 as part of good patient care for a co‐morbid illness and 228 for evaluation of possible disease progression/surveillance). A total of 86/217 (40%) studies (including 43 CTs and 38 radionucleotide scans) were performed when the recurrence risk was low (>2 years off therapy).ConclusionsThe majority of ionizing radiation procedures in this lymphoma cohort were discretionary. Given the excellent outcome of this group and the long‐term risks; rational use of discretionary surveillance procedures is necessary. Guidelines for the appropriate use of surveillance imaging based on probability of risk recurrence must be developed in order to minimize ionizing radiation exposure. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:407–413. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new improved high‐order theory for analysis of free vibration of sandwich panels
Authors: Jam J. E. , Eftari B. , Taghavian S. H. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA new improved high‐order theory is presented to investigate the dynamic behavior of sandwich panels with flexible core. Shear deformation theory is used for the face sheets, whereas the three‐dimensional elasticity theory is used for the core. Displacements in the core are assumed as polynomial with unknown coefficients. Inertia forces, moments of inertia and shear deformations in the core, and the face sheets are taken into consideration. Unlike the previous improved theory, the in‐plane normal and shear stresses in the core are considered. The governing equations and the boundary conditions are derived by Hamilton's principle. Closed form solution is achieved using the Navier method and solving the eigenvalues. The numerical results of present analysis compared with the available results in the literature. It indicates that the present new modified theory is more accurate than the other developed theories for sandwich panels. In this study, the variation of the nondimensional natural frequency with respect to the various parameters is presented. POLYM. COMPOS., 31:2042–2048, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Second trimester serum predictors of preterm birth in a population‐based sample of low‐risk pregnancies
Authors: Jelliffe‐Pawlowski Laura L. , Baer Rebecca J. , Currier Robert J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the relationship between typically collected second trimester maternal serum biomarkers and preterm birth among pregnancies without intrauterine‐growth‐retardation or other specific risk factors.MethodsIncluded were 102 861 singleton pregnancies without specific risks that resulted in the live birth of an infant of normal birth weight for gestational age without aneuploidy or a neural tube defect. Logistic binomial regression analyses were used to estimate the relative risk (RR) of giving birth preterm among pregnancies with an abnormal level of alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonatotropin (hCG), and/or unconjugated estriol (uE3) compared to pregnancies with normal biomarker levels.ResultsWhen compared to pregnancies with normal levels of AFP, hCG, and uE3, pregnancies with elevated levels of any biomarker [multiple of the median (MoM) ≥ 2.0] were at an increased risk for preterm birth regardless of preterm grouping (RRs 1.3–5.4). Risks for preterm birth tended to increase substantially when at least two biomarkers were elevated (RRs 2.2–18.7).ConclusionThe results suggest that second trimester maternal serum biomarkers may help identify pregnancies at increased risk for preterm birth when no other identified risks are present. Data indicates that biomarkers may be particularly predictive of early preterm birth. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of molecular microsatellite identity testing to detect sampling errors in prenatal diagnosis
Authors: Winsor E. J. T. , Akoury H. , Chitayat D. , Steele L. , Stockley T. L. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe objective was to determine the risk of sampling error in amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS) in singleton and multiple pregnancies. Data from this and other published studies were used to discuss current practice guidelines for molecular identity testing.MethodClinical and laboratory records of all patients undergoing molecular‐based identity testing in our clinical laboratory from July 2002 until March 2008 were reviewed. DNA microsatellite testing was performed to determine zygosity in multiple pregnancies and maternal cell contamination (MCC) in both singleton and multiple pregnancies.ResultsMCC was detected in 6/148 (4%) CVS and 1/87 (1%) amniotic fluids from singleton pregnancies. In two of the CVS, only maternal cells were found. In 2/24 (8%) twin pregnancies, the same fetus was tested twice. In a total of 285 pregnancies (235 singleton, 24 twin, 26 with ≥ 3 fetuses), without molecular identity testing, four women would have received erroneous results.ConclusionCurrent guidelines recommend molecular identity testing for MCC in conjunction with molecular diagnostic testing, but not for cytogenetic testing. No published guidelines were found for zygosity testing in multiple pregnancies. We suggest that identity testing be considered for all prenatal testing of multiple pregnancies, especially if CVS is performed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surfactant‐assisted processing of polyimide/multiwall carbon nanotube nanocomposites for microelectronics applications
Authors: Tang Qing‐Yuan , Chan Yan‐Cheong , Wong Ning‐Bew , Cheung Rebecca 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe dispersion and stability of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) inside a polymer matrix, especially with a high CNT content, are still big challenges. Moreover, the interaction between CNTs and the polymer matrix should be strong enough to improve the mechanical properties. The efficient dispersion of CNTs is essential for the formation of a uniform distribution of a CNT network in a polymer composite. Polyimide/multiwall CNT nanocomposites were synthesized by in situ polymerization with the aid of a surfactant. A Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study proved that the surfactant did not hamper the polymerization of the polyimide. The microstructure, storage modulus and electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites were improved using a particular amount of the surfactant. Environmental stability test results showed that the polyimide with 1 wt% of CNTs produced with the aid of the surfactant possessed excellent reliability in high‐temperature and high‐humidity environments. Surfactants were successfully used to obtain fine‐structure polyimide/CNT nanocomposites by in situ polymerization. The enhancement of the mechanical properties was attributed to the incorporation of the surfactant. A percolation of electrical conductivity could be achieved with 1 wt% of CNTs. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
The carbonization of colloidal polyaniline nanoparticles to nitrogen‐containing carbon analogues
Authors: Stejskal Jaroslav , Trchová Miroslava , Hromádková Jir̆ina , Kovár̆ová Jana , Kalendová Andrea 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe carbonization of nanostructures afforded by conducting polymers represents a new route to the preparation of functional nanostructured carbons. The exposure of colloidal polyaniline particles stabilized with poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) or silica nanoparticles at 650 °C in inert atmosphere led, in both cases, to nitrogen‐containing carbonaceous materials with specific surface areas of 200 and 205 m2 g−1, respectively, and conductivities of 8.3 × 10−7 and 1.9 × 10−10 S cm−1, respectively. The latter material contained 77 wt% of silica. The original particulate nanostructure of the samples was preserved after carbonization. The carbon‐to‐nitrogen atomic ratio was 7.2 and 7.9; the nitrogen content in the carbonized polyaniline–poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) particles was 10.8 wt%. Thermogravimetric analysis in air revealed their stability to be up to 500 °C. This is comparable with commercial multi‐wall carbon nanotubes, which have similar areas of application. The nitrogen‐containing carbons are potentially useful as supports for catalysts and in applications where carbon of higher hydrophilicity would be of benefit. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and UV curing kinetics of rapidly UV‐curable hyperbranched polycarbosiloxanes
Authors: Wang Sheng‐Jie , Liu Xin , Kong Jie , Tian Wei , Fan Xiao‐Dong , Xu Hai , Lu Jian‐Ren 
Published: May 2010

AbstractHyperbranched polycarbosiloxanes with peripheral photo‐crosslinkable groups were synthesized through controllable hydrosilylation reaction from A2‐type and CB3‐type monomers. The polymerization of the monomer pairs was monitored using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, from which it was found that vinyl silane and methacrylate groups reacted with hydride silane from the beginning of the reaction. The results thus suggest a step‐by‐step polymerization rather than a two‐step process for this system. The polycarbosiloxanes could be cured rapidly in either nitrogen or air atmosphere, this feature making them attractive for potential application as precursors of advanced ceramic devices with complex structures. The effects of light intensity, reaction temperature and atmosphere on the UV curing rate (Rp) and conversion (α) of the photo‐crosslinkable groups were characterized carefully, and the curing kinetics was also investigated systematically. The results show that Rp and α increased with an increase of light intensity or temperature, and that the inhibiting effect of oxygen in air could be suppressed by enhancing the irradiation intensity. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis of thermosensitive guar‐based hydrogels with tunable physico‐chemical properties by click chemistry
Authors: Tizzotti Morgan , Labeau Marie‐Pierre , Hamaide Thierry , Drockenmuller Eric , Charlot Aurélia , Fleury Etienne 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThermosensitive guar‐based hydrogels are obtained in water solutions by copper‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition between alkyne‐functionalized guars and α,ω‐diazido‐poly[(ethylene glycol)‐co‐(propylene glycol)]. Characterization by TGA, HR‐MAS 1H NMR, and rheology have shown that hydrogels with tunable physico‐chemical properties, such as crosslinking density, viscoelasticity, swelling ratio, and so forth, could be obtained by varying the guar molar mass, the degree of alkyne functionality, the guar/crosslinker weight ratio, and the reaction temperature. Based on swelling measurements, it has been shown that the thermal sensitiveness of guar‐based hydrogels is fast, reversible, and intimately related to the weight fraction of the thermosensitive crosslinker in the network. Finally, the monitoring of doxorubicin hydrochloride release has demonstrated the potential of these hydrogels as temperature‐dependent drug release devices. The robust, efficient, and orthogonal approach described herein represents a general approach towards the development of well‐controlled guar‐based hydrogels using α,ω‐diazido crosslinkers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2733–2742, 2010
Fluorescent and electrochromic aromatic polyamides with 4‐tert‐butyltriphenylamine chromophore
Authors: Hsiao Sheng‐Huei , Liou Guey‐Sheng , Kung Yi‐Chun , Chang Yu‐Ming 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA new triphenylamine‐based aromatic dicarboxylic acid monomer, 4‐tert‐butyl‐4′,4″‐dicarboxytriphenylamine (2), was synthesized from the cesium fluoride mediated N,N‐diarylation reaction of 4‐tert‐butylaniline with 4‐fluorobenzonitrile and subsequent alkaline hydrolysis of the dinitrile intermediate. A series of six aromatic polyamides 4a‐4f with tert‐butyltriphenylamine groups was prepared from the newly synthesized dicarboxylic acid and various aromatic diamines. These polyamides were readily soluble in many organic solvents and could be solution‐cast into flexible and strong films. The glass‐transition temperatures of these polymers were in the range of 274–311 °C. These polymers exhibited strong UV‐vis absorption bands at 356–366 nm in NMP solution. Their photoluminescence spectra showed maximum bands around 433–466 nm in the blue region. Cyclic voltammograms of all the polyamides exhibited reversible oxidation redox couples in acetonitrile. The polyamide 4f, with tert‐butyltriphenylamine segment in both diacid and diamine residues, exhibited stable electrochromic characteristics with a color change from a colorless neutral form, through a green semioxidized form, to a deep purple fully oxidized form. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2798–2809, 2010
X‐ray computed tomography‐based modeling of polymeric foams: The effect of finite element model size on the large strain response
Authors: Wismans J. G. F. , Govaert L. E. , van Dommelen J. A. W. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA hybrid numerical–experimental approach is used to characterize the macroscopic mechanical behavior of polymeric foams. The method is based on microstructural characterization of foams with X‐ray computed tomography (CT) and conversion of the data to finite element (FE) models. The 2D models are created from a 3D close‐celled foam and subjected to compression loads. Since the large strain regime is explored, contact between elements is incorporated. It is shown that, for calculating the effective Young's modulus, a model consisting of at least 112–122 cells in the model should be used, whereas for the large strain regime 122–142 cells in the model are needed. Discretization had a significant influence on the results, where relatively coarse elements caused loss of connectivity in the cell walls and thickening of the cell walls. It is shown that at least three to four elements should be taken over the thickness of the cell walls for these structures. Finally, a good qualitative agreement is observed between the deformations found with the FE models and in situ compression experiments of an open‐celled foam during X‐ray CT. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 1473–1482, 2010
Religious coping strategies in patients diagnosed with breast cancer in the UK
Authors: Thuné‐Boyle I. C. V. , Stygall J. , Keshtgar M. R. S. , Davidson T. I. , Newman S. P. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectives: The use of religious/spiritual coping strategies may be particularly prevalent when dealing with the stress of a cancer diagnosis. There has, however, been very little research conducted on this topic outside the USA. Existing measures of coping largely ignore the complexity of religious/spiritual coping and its potential to be adaptive as well as maladaptive. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of various religious coping strategies in a UK cancer sample.Method: A longitudinal design assessed religious coping strategies in patients newly diagnosed with breast cancer at the time of surgery and at 3 and 12 months post surgery. We recruited 202 patients of which, at 12 months, 160 remained. A non‐religious coping measure was included for comparison.Results: The use of religious coping strategies was overall common; up to 73% of patients used positive religious coping to some degree at surgery and up to 53% experienced various religious/spiritual struggles. The use of some religious coping strategies showed differing patterns of change across time while others remained stable.Conclusion: Using religious/spiritual resources in the coping process during the early stages of breast cancer appears common in the UK. Patients may benefit from having their spiritual needs addressed as experiencing some form of religious/spiritual struggle may serve as a barrier to illness adjustment. Health‐care professionals should also be aware that some religious coping strategies may be more prevalent at different times during the first year of illness. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of the group V/III molar precursor ratio on the structural properties of InGaN layers grown by HPCVD
Authors: Durkaya G. , Buegler M. , Atalay R. , Senevirathna I. , Alevli M. , Hitzemann O. , Kaiser M. , Kirste R. , Hoffmann A. , Dietz N. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe influence of the group V/III molar precursor ratio on the surface morphological and electrical properties of In0.65Ga0.35N epilayers has been investigated. The layers studied have been grown by high‐pressure chemical vapor deposition, a growth technique that utilizes the reactor pressure as an additional processing parameter. The surface morphology analysis revealed that with the increasing V/III molar precursor ratio, the surface morphology degrades with increasing surface roughness and decreasing average grain areas. The free carrier concentration in the In0.65Ga0.35N epilayers increased with the increased group V/III molar precursor ratios in the 700–3000 range.
Structural properties of semipolar AlxGa1−xN($1\bar {1}03$) films grown on ZnO substrates using room temperature epitaxial buffer layers
Authors: Ueno Kohei , Kobayashi Atsushi , Ohta Jitsuo , Fujioka Hiroshi 
Published: May 2010

Abstract$1\bar {1}03$We have grown AlxGa1−xN films on semipolar ZnO ($1\bar {1}03$) substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The direct growth of Al0.25Ga0.75N on ZnO ($1\bar {1}03$) substrates at 850 °C results in the formation of c‐axis oriented materials with poor crystallinity due to serious interfacial reactions that occur between Al0.25Ga0.75N and ZnO. However, epitaxial AlxGa1−xN ($1\bar {1}03$) films can be grown on ZnO substrates by the incorporation of PLD room temperature (RT) epitaxial buffer layers. From X‐ray symmetric reciprocal space mapping studies, the [$1\bar {1}03$] directions of all AlxGa1−xN ($1\bar {1}03$) layers are slightly tilted toward the c‐axis from that of the ZnO substrate. We also found that the magnitude of the crystallographic tilt of AlxGa1−xN ($1\bar {1}03$) increases with AlN mole fraction x. This tendency can be explained by a reduction in the average misfit dislocation interval due to the increasing lattice mismatch between AlxGa1−xN and ZnO with AlN mole fraction x.
Design and performance of LEDs with circular geometry
Authors: Wang X.H. , Lai P.T. , Choi H.W. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractInGaN light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) on sapphire substrate in the shape of cuboid and circular disk are diced via ultraviolet nanosecond laser micromachining. The geometrical influence on light extraction and emission pattern are evaluated. Our postulation on the optical characteristics of circular LEDs is qualitatively confirmed according to ray‐tracing simulation. The enhancement in light extraction over conventional cuboid chips is more than 10% according to measurements of our fabricated devices. The fair consistency between the simulation result and measurements indicates that the circular design is indeed effective for improving light extraction from InGaN LEDs. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Carrier dynamics in non‐polar GaN/AlGaN quantum wells intersected by basal‐plane stacking faults
Authors: Badcock T. J. , Hammersley S. , Kappers M. J. , Humphreys C. J. , Dawson P. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe have investigated the recombination dynamics of carriers in non‐polar GaN/AlGaN quantum wells intersected by basal plane stacking faults and an a ‐plane GaN template layer. In the GaN template, both the photoluminescence decay and rise times measured across the basal plane stacking fault emission band increase with decreasing emission energy. This is consistent with a carrier transfer process from less localised to more deeply localised states within the basal plane stacking fault. However, in the quantum well structures this behaviour is suppressed due to the restriction in carrier transport imposed by the quantum wells. We also found that the decay time of the localised exciton emission in the quantum wells is dominated by a non radiative carrier transfer process involving the basal plane stacking faults. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth of low‐dislocation‐density AlGaN using Mg‐doped AlN underlying layer
Authors: Asai T. , Nonaka K. , Ban K. , Nagata K. , Nagamatsu K. , Iwaya M. , Kamiyama S. , Amano H. , Akasaki I. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe report on a new technology for growing low‐dislocation‐density AlGaN in which a Mg‐doped AlN underlying layer is used. By growing AlxGa1‐xN on AlN:Mg with AlN molar fractions x of 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7, the density of misfit dislocations is much reduced compared with that in the case of growing AlGaN on undoped AlN. In addition, the surface becomes atomically flat. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)