bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing the accession-level quantity of seeds to put into storage to minimize seed (gene)bank regeneration or re-collection
Authors: Hay Fiona R. , Baum Katherine J. , Oyatomi Olaniyi , Wolkis Dustin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Seed (gene)banking is an effective way to conserve cultivated and wild plant diversity. However, long-term funding is not always consistently sufficient, and there is need to both strengthen the effectiveness of genebank operations and maximize cost-efficiency. One way to control the cost of maintaining a germplasm collection is to optimize the quantity of seeds per accession that is placed into storage, depending on the expected length of time a seed lot will remain above the viability threshold, expected rates of use for distribution and viability testing, and on the requirement to ensure a reserve for regeneration/re-collection. Here, we express this as an equation which can be adjusted to different scenarios, including to inform decisions about use of accessions of wild species where the number of seeds available is limited, a common scenario for wild species conservation seed banks. For many crop genebanks, given the expected longevity of seeds, it would be worthwhile to increase the number of seeds produced and processed for storage. This would also help to diminish the risk of genetic drift due to frequent cycles of regeneration but would have implications in terms of how accessions are regenerated, in particular, how many plants are used for regeneration and the size of storage facilities. The equation we present can also be rearranged and used to plan how to allocate seeds for testing and use when the number of seeds available is limited; this may have particular relevance for species conservation seed banks.
Hippocampal sharp-wave ripple and hippocampal-prefrontal synchrony regulate memory-enhancing effects of intranasal insulin in an STZ-induced Alzheimer’s model
Authors: Karimani Farnaz , Taei Afsaneh Asgari , Kaveh Neda , Ghahfarokhi Mohammad Rabiei , Abolghasemi-Dehaghani Mohammad-Reza , Dargahi Leila 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by memory loss and pathological changes in the brain such as amyloid beta and tau pathology, as well as irregular neural network activity. We studied how intranasal insulin impacts memory and neural oscillations in an Alzheimer's disease rat model induced by STZ. Male Wistar rats were subjected to intracerebroventricular STZ injection, followed by intranasal insulin therapy. Electrophysiological recordings were conducted in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex to assess local field potentials, elucidating insignificant alterations in theta-gamma oscillations following insulin treatment. However, insulin administration ameliorated deficits in hippocampal sharp-wave ripples and augmented hippocampal-prefrontal theta coherence. Concurrently, insulin therapy conferred enhancements in spatial memory and object recognition memory performance in behavioral tests. Furthermore, insulin mitigated tau protein pathology and hippocampal neuronal loss. Our findings underscore the potential of intranasal insulin to enhance memory function via modulating hippocampal-prefrontal cortical synchronization and alleviating impairments in hippocampal sharp-wave ripples.
Pharmacokinetics of Cisplatin in the Systemic versus Hyperthermic Intrathoracic or Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy
Authors: Zhang Tao , Mu Wei , Liao Cheng-gong , Hou Yan , Song Jie , Hu Wen , Wang Yun , Chen Dongxu , Chen Yu , Liu Linna , Liu Lili 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective: To compare the pharmacokinetics of cisplatin in the systemic chemotherapy (SC) versus in the hyperthermic intrathoracic chemotherapy (HITHOC) or hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC).
Methods: Total 60 patients were enrolled into this study. After administering same dose of cisplatin via intravenous infusion (SC group), HITHOC or HIPEC procedure, concentration of cisplatin in the plasma and in the hyperthermic perfusion solution at various time points was quantified by HPLC analysis. The area under the plasma or perfusion solution concentration-time curve over the last 24h dosing interval (AUC0-24 h) were calculated and compared.
Results: In the perfusion solution, HITHOC group AUC0-24 h of cisplatin was significantly higher than that of HIPEC group (72.36 µg/mL·h vs 36.03 µg/mL·h, p < 0.01). In contrast, in the plasma, HITHOC group AUC0-24 h of cisplatin (2.57 µg/mL·h) was significantly lower than that of HIPEC group (3.02 µg/mL·h, p < 0.01) or SC group (3.15 µg/mL·h, p < 0.01). Absolute bioavailability of cisplatin in the thoracic and abdominal cavities was 23 and 11 times higher than that in the blood (SC group), respectively.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that administration of cisplatin via HITHOC or HIPEC results in significantly higher AUC0-24 h in the thoracic or abdominal cavities, but similar level of AUC0-24 h in the blood circulation compared to the group administered via intravenous infusion. This study provided pharmacokinetic evidence to further support the concept that topical application of cisplatin during HITHOC or HIPEC is superior to systemic chemotherapy for the malignant pleural effusion or ascites treatment.
Community Engagement conduct for Genetics and Genomics Research: a qualitative study of the experiences and perspectives of researchers, REC members, and research communities, in Uganda
Authors: Nankya Harriet , Alibu Vincent P. , Barugahare John , Matovu Enock , Wamala Edward 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: Community engagement (CE) is one of the key strategies to optimize ethical integrity in research. However, the knowledge base on how CE should be effectively and ethically conducted, particularly for genetics and genomics research (GGR), is limited.Lessons have not been drawn from the experiences of key stakeholders in GGR, on CE, in Uganda.
Aim: To analyze the experiences and perspectives of the key stakeholders (GGR researchers, lay communities, and REC members) on engaging communities in GGR, to consequently inform how communities could be ethically engaged in such research, in Uganda.
Method: A cross-sectional qualitative study was conducted at; Makerere University, Uganda Virus Research Institute, and Mulago National Referral Hospital. Twenty-five GGR researchers, twenty REC members, and thirty-eight community members, participated in this study. Data were collected using in-depth interviews guides, and Focus group discussions. Data was analyzed thematically, using NVivo version 12 Plus.
Study findings: Thirteen GGR researchers had conducted CE in their research. The reasons for conducting CE were mainly instrumental including; to get the research accepted in the community. A few engaged for intrinsic reasons including; respect for community values. Researchers started their CE by defining the community for GGR. Community in GGR could include even individuals not directly involved in the research, but share genes with research participants. In the community, leaders were engaged first, to gain access and acceptance to conduct the research in the community. The conduct of CE was reported to mainly occur at sample collection and less at study conception, while never (had not) at the return of results stage. Engagement at conception was low because GGR researchers underestimate the community’s knowledge capability to make valuable contribution to genetic science, nor to inform the design of the study. Engagement in the return of results had not happened for any of the GGR projects recruited, and this was because of technical limitations and clinically relevant results were not yet derived and validated.
Conclusion:The CE processes described by respondents indicated that what researchers actually conducted was ‘recruitment of communities for sample collection’ which was indicative of sub optimal CE.
Effect of gamma irradiation on reproduction biology, inherited sterility and mating competitiveness of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in laboratory condition
Authors: Ashouri Shabnam 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua Hübner, is an invasive pest of sugar beet and other field crops and vegetables. Here, the potential of sterile insect technique and inherited sterility to control of Spodoptera exigua have been investigated by pupae irradiation with Co60 gamma ray. The emerged adult’s reproduction, sterility, growth biology, sex ratio, mating competitiveness and inherited sterility in P1 and or F1 generations were investigated. Completely P1 sterile females and males were found when pupae were irradiated with 250 and 400 Gy, respectively. Female emergence was significantly reduced at 400 Gy, but their longevity increased with higher doses. When P1 male or female pupae were irradiated with 250 or 180 Gy respectively, the period of F1 larvae was longer than the normal. The emergence of F1 males decreased with increasing dose. When treated male parents were crossed with normal females, the sex ratio of F1 shifted in favor of males. F1 progeny showed more sterility than P1 generation and F1 males inherited more sterility than F1 females. Laboratory mating competitiveness indicated that 250 Gy irradiated males (IM) were competitive against untreated males (UM) in mating with untreated females (UF) even at 1:1:1 (IM:UM:UF) ratio.
The interaction mechanism between the CO2 adsorption characteristics and the coal pore structures
Authors: Chen Yi , Zhang Zunguo , Tang Chao , Zhang Yifu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This paper investigates the interaction mechanism between the CO2 adsorption characteristics and the coal pore structures by performed the isothermal adsorption experiments with high-pressure CO2 and the pore structures determined experiments comprehensive the low-temperature N2 adsorption method (LTGA-N2) and the low-pressure CO2 adsorption method (LPGA-CO2). The results show that the LTGA-N2 and LPGA-CO2 methods exhibit exactly opposite patterns in the obtained pore structure parameters as the coal rank varies, which can be attributed to the distinct pore ranges measured by each method. By collectively considering the parameters of coal pore structures determined via the two methods, the adsorption is affected by the intricate interplay of three factors: the total Vp (pore volume), total SSA (specific surface area), and Da (average diameter) of coal micropores. Increasing the first two factors enhances coal adsorption, while increasing the Da inhibits adsorption. The D-A model proves to be more suitable in explaining the adsorption behavior of coal samples compared the Langmuir model, and it Vmax (saturated adsorption amount) also shows a trend of "decreasing-increasing-decreasing" with the coal rank increases. The high-pressure CO2 isothermal adsorption experiment will change the pore structure and enhances the pore connectivity, resulting in an S-shaped feature in the adsorption curve.
Formation evaluation and reservoir potential of the Middle Miocene syn-rift Hammam Faraun sandstones from the offshore Esh Elmallha area, southern Gulf of Suez, Egypt
Authors: Farouk Sherif , Sen Souvik , ElBehery Ahmed K. , Ahmad Fayez , El-Kahtany Khaled 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This study presents an integrated formation evaluation of the Middle Miocene syn-rift sandstones of the Hammam Faraun Member from southern Gulf of Suez. Core data, XRD, wireline logs and gas chromatography data have been utilized to assess the reservoir characteristics. Three lithofacies are identified from the cored intervals: i) fine to medium-grained massive sandstone (F-1), ii) low-angle cross-bedded fine-grained sandstone (F-2) and iii) coarse to very coarse-grained massive sandstone (F-3). The dominantly massive nature of the sand units with sharp erosive base and bottom rip-up clasts strongly indicates a high energy channel or fan deposit. XRD analysis exhibits quartz and feldspar to be the dominant constituents of these calcareous arkose. Montmorillonite and kaolinite are the major clay phases along with minor illite. Routine core analysis of a total of 168 core plugs indicates meso- to megaporous sandstones with porosity up to 28% and Kh up to 1171 mD. Permeability anisotropy analysis exhibit the dominance of primary depositional fabric and isotropic pores. Wireline log analysis yielded shale volume < 0.2 v/v, porosity ~ 0.18–0.24 v/v, and water saturation ~ 0.33–0.49 v/v. Various gas ratios (wetness, balance, character, and oil indicator ratio) estimated from the chromatograph data indicates the presence of liquid hydrocarbon within the studied reservoirs. The study concludes excellent reservoir properties in the Hammam Faraun clastic intervals of the Esh Elmallha area.
Evaluation of strength and durability of compacted bauxite tailings treated with cement
Authors: Nierwinski Helena Paula , Sosnoski Jonatas , Heidemann Marcelo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Improving soil properties by adding stabilizing materials, such as cement, has garnered significant attention from researchers, particularly for enhancing soils often deemed poor geotechnical quality. This approach becomes even more advantageous when applied to increase the stability of mining tailings deposits and ensure environmental safety. This study investigates the effects of cement addition and dry density on the strength and durability of compacted bauxite tailings-cement blends. The porosity/cement index, widely used in soil-cement mixture research, was adopted to analyze the parameters that control the strength and durability of these blends. Results demonstrate that increasing cement content and dry density significantly improves unconfined compressive strength (qu) and reduces accumulated mass loss (ALM) during wet/dry cycles. The porosity/cement index effectively describes the variations in qu and ALM, as expressed by an empirical equation, which can be highly beneficial for the practical application of treated mining tailings as construction materials.
Estimation of Fertilizer Requirement for Targeted Yield
Authors: Behera Jyotiranjan , Paul Kailash Chandra , Mahanti Minaketan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Based on a chemical examination of the soil, STCR is a quantitative method to suggest fertilizer doses for achieving the desired yield. The strategy is based on the presumption that a specific quantity of fertilizers must be ingested by the plant as absorption for the plant to produce a specific yield. To determine the amount of fertilizer required to produce a desired yield, the STCR technique develops fertilizer prescription equations that take into consideration the chemical properties of the soil. The approach has seen extensive application since it was developed as an AICRP project in 1967. The technique is predicated on the idea that the plant’s ability to absorb certain nutrients depends on the interaction between that nutrient present in the soil and in the applied fertilizer. Several studies support the idea that all the type of fertilizers used to feed the plant affects how much of a specific nutrient is absorbed. The reliability of fertilizer prescriptions made using the existing STCR approach is called into question because of the aforementioned shortcomings. We have created a new mathematical model for a targeted yield to address the shortcomings in the STCR technique. Data from carrot plantations were used to illustrate the model suggested by us.
Decadal Trends Analysis of Extreme High Temperatures and Case Simulation Assessment in Summer over Eastern China
Authors: Shen Xuemin , Feng Aixia , Gu Changgui , Wang Qiguang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Using the maximum temperature, minimum temperature and average temperature data from the 0.5° × 0.5° grid datasets (V2.0) covering China during 1961–2022, this study conducts a temporal and spatial analysis of temperature trend variations in summer in the region of east of 110°E in China. The results indicate that all the three temperatures show an increasing trend from 1961 to 2022, with the minimum temperature exhibiting a faster warming rate. After 2011, the three temperatures rise significantly higher than that in previous decades, with the average and maximum temperatures increasing by 0.04°C and 0.05°C, respectively. Approximately 22.34% part of the study region is covered with an annual average temperature between 27–30°C, increasing 14.49% compared to the smallest proportion. And the area with the annual average maximum temperature ranging from 30–33°C reach 64.1%. After 2011, the frequency of grid points experiencing heatwaves are more than 60 times which is doubled compared with other decades,while with an earlier onset dates occurring on April 2nd and later retreat dates on October 12th. In the summer of 2022, all three temperatures in the region show hotter than the annual average, with high anomaly values concentrating on the central area. Additionally, based on the hindcast of four operational models in 2022, this study evaluates their abilities to predict high temperature and heatwaves in the summer of 2022. The result shows that UKMO exhibits the best capability for predicting maximum temperature and heatwave. The results suggest that the heat extremes can become more frequent and intenser in the coming decade. And the evaluation of four models can provide some help to improve the ability of prediction.
A comparative study of stress response in mung beans (Vigna radiata L.) under low intensity electromagnetic field and heat shock
Authors: Panda Dinesh Kumar , Das Deb Pravat , Behera Santoshini , patra Nabin Kumar , patra Nabin Kumar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Low strength electromagnetic fields have an impact on biological materials by increasing their internal temperature and compromising their integrity through growth inhibition, oxidative damage, deactivation of enzymes, and other processes. In the present manuscript a comparative analysis of electromagnetic and heating stress has been mentioned. The significant growth about p > 0.001 has been observed in plants i.e. 67 5% less in radiation condition than in heating. Heating stress showed insignificant variation in terms of germination i.e. 45% less than control (p < 0.005). In biochemical experiment electrolyte leakage and membrane damage was seen in heat stressed plants more than that of radiation and control i.e. 76% higher (p < 0.001). enzyme activity and antioxidant enzyme de activation was higher in radiation treated ones i.e.23% and was significant. Proline accumulation was higher in heat stressed ones i.e.39% and significance was p < 0.001.
Tumour-derived Extracellular Vesicle and Particle Reprogramming of Interstitial Macrophages in the Lung Pre-Metastatic Niche Enhances Vascular Permeability and Metastatic Potential
Authors: Lyden David , Dror Shani , Lucotti Serena , Li Jianlong , Asao Tetsuhiko , Wortzel inbal , Berger Lee Shaashua , Matei Irina , Boudreau Nancy , Zhang Haiying , Jones David , Bromberg Jacqueline 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) are pivotal mediators of pre-metastatic niche formation and cancer progression, including induction of vascular permeability, which facilitates tumor cell extravasation and metastasis. However, the mechanisms through which EVPs exert this effect remain poorly understood. Here, we elucidate a novel mechanism by which tumor EVPs enhance endothelial cell permeability, tumor extravasation, and lung metastasis to different degrees, depending on tumor type. Strikingly, vascular leakiness is observed within 48h following tumor implantation and as early as one hour following intravenous injection of tumour-derived EVPs in naïve mice. Surprisingly, rather than acting directly on endothelial cells, EVPs first activate interstitial macrophages (IMs) leading to activation of JAK/STAT signaling and IL-6 secretion in IMs which subsequently promote endothelial permeability. Depletion of IMs significantly reduces tumour-derived EVP-dependent vascular leakiness and metastatic potential. Tumour EVPs that strongly induce vascular leakiness express high levels of ITGα5, and ITGα5 ablation impairs IM activation, cytokine secretion, and subsequently vascular permeability and metastasis. Importantly, IL-6 expression is elevated in IMs from non-involved tumor-adjacent lung tissue compared to distal lung tissue in lung cancer patients, highlight the clinical relevance of our discovery. Our findings identify a key role for IM activation as an initiating step in tumor type-specific EVP-driven vascular permeability and metastasis, offering promising targets for therapeutic intervention.
Assessment of Multi-Bus Power Network Stability
to Forecast System Collapse
Authors: Parihar Manish , Bhaskar M.K. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Voltage stability is an important consideration in power system operation, and the development of voltage stability indices is a key aspect of ensuring the reliability and security of the power grid. In this work, newly constructed voltage stability indices have been discussed that are designed to predict the closeness of a multibus system to voltage collapse. These stability indices are based on the analytical expression of complex power, which allows for a more accurate characterization of the system’s voltage stability. By using these indices, operators can gain a better understanding of the system’s stability and take appropriate actions to prevent collapse. To test the effectiveness of the newly developed index, it was applied to the IEEE bus system. The results showed that the index was able to accurately predict voltage instability or the proximity of a collapse. This is an important step in improving the reliability and security of the power grid, as it allows operators to take preemptive measures to avoid voltage collapse. Overall, the development of these new voltage stability indices is a positive step towards improving the performance of power systems. By providing a more accurate and reliable prediction of voltage instability, these indices can help prevent costly and potentially dangerous system failures.
An Evaluation of the Safety of ChatGPT with Malicious Prompt Injection
Authors: Han Jiang , Guo Mingming 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Artificial intelligence systems, particularly those involving sophisticated neural network architectures like ChatGPT, have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in generating human-like text. However, the susceptibility of these systems to malicious prompt injections poses significant risks, necessitating comprehensive evaluations of their safety and robustness. The study presents a novel automated framework for systematically injecting and analyzing malicious prompts to assess the vulnerabilities of ChatGPT. Results indicate substantial rates of harmful responses across various scenarios, highlighting critical areas for improvement in model defenses. The findings underscore the importance of advanced adversarial training, real-time monitoring, and interdisciplinary collaboration to enhance the ethical deployment of AI systems. Recommendations for future research emphasize the need for robust safety mechanisms and transparent model operations to mitigate the risks associated with adversarial inputs.