bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“At the still point”: T. S. Eliot, Dance, and Modernism
Authors: Jones Susan 
Published: April 2012

T.S. Eliot's “Burnt Norton” initially appeared in 1936, but eventually this poem became the first of the Four Quartets (1943), a cycle expressing the poet's most mature meditations on time and the timeless. The Quartets confirmed Eliot's already well-established position as a modernist poet, but they also suggested a new sense of spiritual resolution, in part reflecting his journey from religious doubt to newfound faith through his conversion to Anglicanism in 1927. Throughout his work Eliot had described moments of sublime spirituality, but these do not usually endure within the framework of the early poetry. In “Burnt Norton,” however, he embarked on a sustained exploration of time and transcendence. In a striking invocation of this theme, the speaker alludes to dance as representative of the human experience of timelessness:At the still point of the turning world. Neither flesh nor fleshless;Neither from nor towards; at the still point, there the dance is,But neither arrest nor movement. And do not call it fixity,Where past and future are gathered. Neither movement from nor towards,Neither ascent nor decline. Except for the point, the still point,There would be no dance, and there is only dance.I can only say, there we have been: but I cannot say where.And I cannot say, how long, for that is to place it in time. (Eliot 1952, 119)Eliot's definition of dance seems paradoxical, claiming that it is neither still nor in motion, yet both. Its spatial and temporal locations are indefinable and unfixed; the place to which Eliot refers cannot be named—the still point is simply there—but the speaker cannot say where.
Crystal structure and powder diffraction reference pattern of type I clathrate Ba8Ni4Ge42
Authors: Wong-Ng W. , Huang Q. , Levin I. , Woicik J. C. , Shi X. , Yang Jihui , Kaduk J. A. 
Published: April 2012

The crystal structure of type I clathrate Ba8Ni4Ge42 has been determined using neutron powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM, for possible superlattice), and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements. Ba8Ni4Ge42 is cubic with the space group Pmn and unit-cell parameter a = 10.6769(2) Å (Dx = 5.988 g cm−3). The structure combines two different types of polyhedra: the dodecahedron (Ge20, 20-atom cage with 12 pentagonal faces) and the tetrakaidecahedron (Ge24, 24-atom cage with 12 pentagonal and 2 hexagonal faces). Each unit cell contains two Ge20 dodecahedra and six Ge24 tetrakaidecahedra. The Ge20 dodecahedra are linked via the interstitial 6c positions. The framework structure is formed by a tetrahedrally bounded network of Ge atoms, whereas Ba atoms reside inside the Ge20 and Ge24 cavities at the 2a and 6d crystallographic positions, respectively. Ni atoms exclusively occupy the 6c positions located on the hexagonal faces of the larger tetrakaidecahedra; no Ni atoms are found in the smaller dodecahedra that consist of pentagonal faces. A local structure study using EXAFS supports the coexistence of Ge and Ni on the 6c site. Electron diffraction in TEM reveals no detectable Ge/Ni ordering.
X-ray powder diffraction analysis of imipenem monohydrate
Authors: Needham F. , Crowder C. E. , Reid J. W. , Fawcett T. G. , Faber J. 
Published: April 2012

An experimental X-ray powder diffraction pattern was produced and analyzed for imipenem monohydrate, an antimicrobial pharmaceutical agent. Although there are no experimental powder patterns in the ICDD PDF-4/Organics Database, there is one powder pattern calculated with single-crystal X-ray diffraction data from the Cambridge Structural Database. Here, we report the refined experimental powder diffraction data for imipenem monohydrate. These data for imipenem monohydrate are consistent with an orthorhombic crystal system having reduced unit-cell parameters of a = 8.2534(3) Å, b = 11.1293(4) Å, and c = 15.4609(6) Å. The resulting unit-cell volume, 1420.15(15) Å3, indicates four formula units per unit cell. Observed peaks are consistent with the P212121 space group.
Chemical preparation and XRD data for four cyclotriphosphates: Ba3(P3O9)2·4H2O, BaNH4P3O9·2H2O, BaTlP3O9·2H2O, and BaTlP3O9·Ba3(P3O9)2·4H2O
Authors: Kheïreddine A. , Tridane M. , Belaaouad S. 
Published: April 2012

Methods of chemical preparation and XRD data are reported for four cyclotriphosphates associated with barium alone and with ammonium and thallium. These phosphates are Ba3(P3O9)2·4H2O, BaNH4P3O9·2H2O, BaTlP3O9·2H2O, and BaTlP3O9·Ba3(P3O9)2·4H2O was prepared by the direct method of chlorures, BaNH4P3O9·2H2O and BaTlP3O9·2H2O by the method of ion-exchange resin, and BaTlP3O9 by total dehydration of BaTlP3O9·2H2O. Ba3(P3O9)2·4H2O is monoclinic, space group P21/n, Z = 4, with a = 7.546(3), b = 12.105(4), c = 11.649(4) Å, β = 100.340(3)°, V = 1046.8(2) Å3, M(20) = 81, and F(20) = 117(0.003 419, 50). BaNH4P3O9·2H2O is monoclinic, space group P21/n, Z = 4, with a = 7.547(1), b = 12.065(1), c = 11.697(1) Å, β = 101.111(1)°, V = 1045.1(3) Å3, M(20) = 9 (AV.EPS = 0.000 116 9), and F(20) = 14(0.0287 06, 53). BaTlP3O9·2H2O is monoclinic, space group P21/n, Z = 4, with a = 7.546(3), b = 12.105(4), c = 11.649(4) Å, β = 100.340(3)°, V = 1046.8(2) Å3, M(20) = 81, and F(20) = 117(0.003 419, 50). BaNH4P3O9·2H2O and BaTlP3O9·2H2O are isostructural. BaTlP3O9 is orthorhombic, space group P212121, Z = 4, with a = 11.086(2), b = 12.283(2), c = 5.786(1) Å, V = 787.9(4) Å3, M(20) = 10 (AV.EPS = 0.000 116 9), and F(20) = 14(0.026 955, 56).
Artificial incubation, egg replacement and adoptive parents in bird management: a test with Lesser ElaeniaElaenia chiriquensis
Authors: LOBO YONARA , ÂNGELO MARINI MIGUEL 
Published: April 2012

SummaryReducing the time that birds’ eggs are exposed during incubation in the wild is a management strategy with the potential to reduce nest predation rates, enhance breeding success and increase the population size of endangered species. We tested whether manipulation of clutches through artificial incubation of Lesser ElaeniaElaenia chiriquensiseggs and subsequent reintroduction of new-born nestlings to their original nest, and the use of adoptive parents, were efficient ways of increasing the population size of this species. We evaluated the financial cost and benefit of three different management strategies of artificial egg incubation with reintroduction of nestlings to the original nest. We searched for nests and manipulated eggs during the breeding seasons of 2009 and 2010 in a savanna reserve in central Brazil. Real eggs were replaced by artificial eggs and artificially incubated. The following breeding parameters were monitored: hatching rate, fledgling productivity, daily survival rate of nestlings and nest success. The effect of nest monitoring frequency (daily or every 3–4 days) on breeding parameters was also tested. Hatching rate was much higher amongst artificially incubated eggs than naturally incubated eggs. Artificially incubated clutches presented higher rates of fledgling production and apparent nest success than non-manipulated clutches. Clutch manipulation did not interfere with nestling daily survival rate. Daily monitoring did not have negative effects. The clutch manipulation methodology we used proved to be viable and is a potential tool for increasing population size.
A quantitative deconstruction of the morphology of high‐latitude ionospheric convection
Authors: Grocott A. , Milan S. E. , Imber S. M. , Lester M. , Yeoman T. K. 
Published: April 2012

We present an analysis of ionospheric convection data derived from velocity measurements made by the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN). Our analysis uses an established technique for combining the network data to produce maps of large‐scale convection by fitting a spherical harmonic expansion of the ionospheric electric potential to the radar measurements. We discuss how the basis functions of the spherical harmonic expansion describe different characteristic elements of the ionospheric convection pattern and show how their associated coefficients can be used to quantify the morphology of the convection, much like the total transpolar voltage is used to quantify its strength, in relation to upstream interplanetary magnetic field conditions and associated magnetospheric activity. We find that ∼2/3 of the voltage associated with the typical convection pattern is described by a simple twin vortex basis function. The magnitude of the twin vortex is strongly dependent on IMF BZ and the degree of its (typically westward) rotation is weakly dependent on IMF BY. The remaining ∼1/3 of the total voltage is associated with deviations from the basic twin vortex pattern, introduced by the addition of other basis functions, such as IMF BY associated dusk‐dawn asymmetries, nightside convection features associated with tail activity, and “reverse” high‐latitude convection cells associated with intervals of IMF BZ > 0.
Standard operating procedures (SOP) in experimental stroke research: SOP for middle cerebral artery occlusion in the mouse
Authors: Dirnagl Ulrich , Group Members of the MCAO-SOP 
Published: April 2012

AbstractRecently, systematic reviews have found quantitative evidence that low study quality may have introduced a bias into preclinical stroke research. Monitoring, auditing, and standard operating procedures (SOPs) are already key elements of quality control in randomized clinical trials and will hopefully be widely adopted by preclinical stroke research in the near future. Increasingly, funding bodies and review boards overseeing animal experiments are taking a proactive stance, and demand auditable quality control measures in preclinical research. Every good quality control system is based on its SOPs. This article introduces the concept of quality control and presents for the first time an SOP in experimental stroke research.
Double burden of malnutrition among urban Bengalee adolescent boys in Midnapore, West Bengal, India
Authors: Bisai S , Khongsdier R , Bose K , Mahalanabis D 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMalnutrition is an important public health problem worldwide. Therefore a study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of adolescent thinness, overweight and obesity in Midnapore town, West Bengal, India. A total of 974 adolescent boys aged 10-18 years were selected following multistage cluster sampling method from three higher secondary schools. Data was collected using pretested questionnaire following standard technique. Presence of thinness was evaluated using the cut-off values of international survey as suggested by Cole et al (2007). While overweight and obesity was determine by using international cut-off values develop by Cole et al (2000) based on international surveys as recommended by IOTF. Overall the prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity were 20.8%, 14.9% and 3.8%, respectively. This study developed age specific smooth BMI percentile values using LMS method. Moreover, the study also developed BMI cut-off values to define thinness, overweight and obesity. In conclusion, the present analyses indicated that the prevalence of adolescent undernutrition is still a major problem. In addition, there was also an emerging trend for overweight/obesity, thereby indicating a double burden of malnutrition as observed in other developing countries.
Deletion of the rat trpc4 gene and its influence on motivated responding for natural reward
Authors: Cooper Donald , Klipec William , Deeney Bridget , Williamson Claire , Wenzel Kami , Nguyen Phuong , Ostertag Eric 
Published: April 2012

AbstractTRPC4 ion channels are expressed extensively in corticolimbic brain regions and a subpopulation of midbrain dopamine neurons. TRPC4 knockout (KO) rats show reduced sociability and social exploration, but show no differences in simple and complex strategic learning compared to normal wild type (WT) rats. Using water reward, we found no differences between TRPC4-KO and WT rats in the break point on a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement. Although deletion of the trpc4 gene alters social interaction/anxiety it does not appear to affect motivation for natural rewards. Current experiments are underway testing the role of trpc4 gene deletion on cocaine reward (see www.neuro-cloud.net/nature-precedings/klipec3 for updates and collaborations).
Inhaled Insulin: Intrapulmonary or Intranasal?
Authors: Ahmed Danish , Kumari Sweta , Mishra Shruti , Jaiswal Shivangi 
Published: April 2012

AbstractInitial attempts delivered the insulin hormone intramuscularly, intravenously, and eventually subcutaneously. Other routes of administration of the drug were explored. These included oral, rectal, sublingual, buccal, transdermal, vaginal, intramuscular, intrapulmonary, and intranasal delivery systems. The purpose of these latter studies was to determine a noninjectable method to deliver insulin to patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes that would effectively lower blood sugar, control hemoglobin A1c (in much later studies), and allow patients a simpler, less invasive, and more direct control oftheir underlying disease process. * In January 2006 the United States Food and Drug Administration approved Exubera (Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY) as the first pulmonary inhaled insulin. In actuality attempts to explore various methods to deliver insulin using intrapulmonary delivery had occurred since1925. *
Mining the Largest Quasi-clique in Human Protein Interactome
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Sanghamitra , Bhattacharyya Malay 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA clique is a complete subgraph of a graph. Often, a clique is interpreted as a dense module of vertices within a graph. However, in many real-world situations, the classical problem of finding a clique is required to be relaxed. This motivates the problem of finding quasicliques that are almost complete subgraphs of a graph. In sparse and very large scale-free networks, the problem of finding the largest quasi-clique becomes hard to manage with the existing approaches. Here, we propose a heuristic algorithm in this paper for locating the largest quasi-clique from the human protein-protein interaction networks. The results show promise in computational biology research by the exploration of significant protein modules.
Step-by-step self-assembled hybrids that feature control over energy and charge transfer
Authors: Grimm Bruno , Schornbaum Julia , Jasch Hannelore , Trukhina Olga , Wessendorf Florian , Hirsch Andreas , Torres Tomas , Guldi Dirk M. 
Published: April 2012

In the current work, we have documented the use of two complementary supramolecular motifs, namely multipoint hydrogen bonding and metal complexation, as a means to control the step-by-step assembly of a panchromatically absorbing and highly versatile solar energy conversion system. On one hand, two different perylenediimides (
1a/1b
) have been integrated together with a metalloporphyrin (
2
) by means of the Hamilton receptor/cyanuric acid hydrogen bonding motif into energy transduction systems
1a•2
or
1b•2
. Steady-state and time-resolved measurements corroborated that upon selective photoexcitation of the perylenediimides (
1a/1b
), an energy transfer evolved from the singlet excited state of the perylenediimides (
1a/1b
) to that of the metalloporphyrin (
2
). On the other hand, fullerene (
3
) and metalloporphyrin (
2
) form the electron donor–acceptor system
2•3
via axial complexation. Photophysical measurements confirm that an electron transfer prevails from the singlet excited state of
2
to the electron-accepting
3
. The correspondingly formed radical ion pair state decays with a lifetime of 1.0 ± 0.1 ns. As a complement to the aforementioned, the energy transduction features of
1a•2
were combined with the electron donor–acceptor characteristics of
2•3
to afford
1a•2•3
. To this end, time-resolved measurements reveal that the initially occurring energy-transfer interaction (53 ± 3 ps) between
1a/1b
and
2
is followed by an electron transfer (12 ± 1 ps) from
2
to
3
. From multiwavelength analyses, the lifetime of the radical ion pair state in
1a•2•3
—as a product of a cascade of light-induced energy and electron transfer—was derived as 3.8 ± 0.2 ns.
Structure and morphology of platinum nanoparticles with critical new
issues of low- and high-index facets
Authors: Nguyen Viet-Long , Ohtaki Michitaka , Ngo Van Nong , Cao Minh-Thi , Nogami Masayuki 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
In this paper, Pt nanoparticles were successfully prepared by modified polyol method
using silver nitrate as an effective structure-modifying agent. The characterization
of Pt nanoparticles was investigated by using UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy, transmission
electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution (HR) TEM, and x-ray diffraction (XRD).
The method of selected area electron diffraction (SEAD) was used to study the
structure of Pt nanoparticles. The results showed that the as-prepared Pt
nanoparticles exhibiting the complexity of surface structure and morphology could be
used as efficient catalysts for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and
direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs).
Metalepsis and the
auteur supposé
in Raymond Queneau's
Œuvres complètes de Sally Mara
Authors: Ferguson Sam 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Raymond Queneau's choice to publish the novel
On est toujours trop bon avec les femmes
(1947) under the pseudonym of Sally Mara, followed by her
Journal intime
(1950) and an edition of her
Œuvres complètes
(1962), has generally been a cause for the neglect of these works rather than an object of study in itself. This article treats the use of a pseudonym as part of a broader strategy that belongs to the tradition of the
auteur supposé
and contributes to an exploration of themes of authorship. It examines the texts using the narratological concept of metalepsis and with a focus on the manipulation of conventions of paratext. This analysis reveals that the prefaces, footnotes, and other paratextual apparatus constitute a narrative concerning the three author-figures whose signatures appear on the works — Raymond Queneau, Michel Presle, and Sally Mara — and which develops over the course of the publication history. An understanding of the complex and shifting diegetic framework is shown to be more helpful than the simplistic concept of a pseudonym, and challenges our assumptions concerning the boundaries between text, paratext, and author.
CO2‐dependent growth of Succinatimonas hippei YIT 12066T isolated from human feces
Authors: Morotomi Masami , Nagai Fumiko , Watanabe Yohei 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTSuccinatimonas  hippei  is a new bacterial species isolated from human feces. Here we report that the growth of S. hippei YIT 12066T depends on CO2 or bicarbonate and the headspace gas produced by microbiota. Genetic defect for carbonic anhydrase in this bacterium suggested a reason for the syntrophic property of CO2 dependency and may suggest an adaptation to its habitat.
Estrogen receptor α and β in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zuguchi Masashi , Miki Yasuhiro , Onodera Yoshiaki , Fujishima Fumiyoshi , Takeyama Daisuke , Okamoto Hiroshi , Miyata Go , Sato Akira , Satomi Susumu , Sasano Hironobu 
Published: April 2012

A gender difference has been reported in the morbidity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Estrogens have been proposed to play a role in this difference but the details have not yet been clarified. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the status of estrogen receptor (ER)α and ERβ in 90 Japanese ESCC patients. ERα and ERβ immunoreactivity was detected in the nuclei of ESCC cells (41.1 and 97.8%, respectively). There was a significant positive association between the ERβ H score and histological differentiation (P = 0.0403), TNM‐pM (LYM) (P = 0.00164) and Ki67/MIB1 LI of carcinoma cells (P = 0.0497, r = 0.207). In addition, the ERβ status of carcinoma cells was significantly correlated with unfavorable clinical outcome of the patients. Multivariate analysis further revealed the ERβ status in carcinoma cells as an independent unfavorable prognostic factor of these patients. We further examined the effects of estrogen treatment on ESCC cell line (ECGI‐10) transfected with ERα or ERβ in vitro. The number of ECGI‐10 transfected with ERβ was increased by estradiol or ERβ specific agonist but estradiol did not exert any effect upon the cell number of ECGI‐10 transfected with ERα. In summary, the results of the present study clearly demonstrate that the status of ERβ in ESCC was closely associated with the unfavorable prognosis, possibly through altering cell proliferation of carcinoma cells. (Cancer Sci 2012; 103: 1348–1355)
Preliminary bonobo and chimpanzee nesting by habitat type in the northernLacTumbaLandscape,DemocraticRepublic ofCongo
Authors: Inogwabini Bila‐Isia , Abokome Mbenzo , Kamenge Tokate , Mbende Longwango , Mboka Lomboto 
Published: April 2012

AbstractKnowing how habitat determines the distribution of great apes is essential for understanding their ecology and conservation requirements. Habitats in the northernLacTumbaLandscape where this study was conducted are mostly swamp and flooded forests, which types have been overlooked in many great ape surveys. This study describes and discusses patterns of bonobo and chimpanzee nesting sites across these habitat types in the general scope of habitat use by great apes. Considerable efforts were deployed to survey forests of theNgiriTriangle (186 km),Bomongo‐Lubengo (126 km) and Bolombo‐Losombo (112 km). Great ape nesting site encounter rates (r) were calculated forBonobos (r = 0.21 nesting sites km−1;Bolombo‐Losombo), chimpanzees (r = 0.11 nesting sites km−1; Ngiri Triangle) and (r= 0.02 nesting sites km−1;Bomongo‐Lubengo). Swamps and flooded forests dominated the three zones. Nesting sites were at the highest encounter rates in flooded forests; both great ape species were significantly associated with swampy and flood forests. Human signs did not influence the occurrence of nesting sites in these forests. These results confirm findings from other sites where great apes were observed using swamps; they suggest that future surveys include these types of habitat to avoid under‐estimating population sizes.