bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep learning-based water quality index classification using stacked ensemble variational mode decomposition
Authors: V Karpagam , S Christy , Edeh Michael Onyema 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Water is crucial to human survival in general, and determining the WQI (water quality index) is one of the primary aspects. The existing water quality classification models are facing various challenges and gaps that are impeding their effectiveness. These challenges include limited data availability, the intricate nature of water systems, spatial and temporal variability, non-linear relationships, sensor noise, and error, interpretability, and explainability. It is imperative to address these challenges to improve the accuracy and efficacy of the models and to ensure that they continue to serve as reliable tools for monitoring and safeguarding water quality. To solve the issues, this paper proposes a Stacked Ensemble efficient long short-term memory (StackEL) model for an efficient water quality index classification. At first, the raw input data is pre-processed to rescale the input data using data normalization and one-hot encoding. After that, the process known as variational mode decomposition (VMD) is applied to get at the intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Consequently, feature selection is performed using an extended coati optimization (EX-CoA) algorithm to select the most significant attributes from the feature selection. Here, publicly available datasets, namely the water quality dataset from Kaggle, are used for classification and performed using are used to perform the Stacked Ensemble efficient long short-term memory (StackEL) classification process effectively. To further perfect the proposed prediction model, the Dwarf Mongoose optimization (DMO) method is implemented. Several measures of effectiveness are examined. When compared to other existing models, the suggested model can achieve a high accuracy of 98.85% of the water quality dataset.
Ecological implications of accumulation of PTEs and PAHs deriving from fuel exhausts in coastal marine primary producers
Authors: Baldantoni D , Bellino A , Nitopi M A , Baldi V , Picariello E , De Nicola F 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Anthropogenic activities, mainly in the form of local fuel exhausts and inputs from the coastline, heavily affect ecosystems at the interface between terrestrial and marine realms, impairing their functionality and the services they provide. Due to the central role of primary producers in trophic webs, their sessile nature and ethical concerns implied in experiments on animals, pollutant analyses in both sediments and macrophytes assume special relevance in assessing pollutant transfers from the abiotic to biotic compartments and their possible transfer through trophic webs. With a view to clarify the accumulation of inorganic and organic pollutants deriving from fuel exhausts on primary producers, the concentrations of Cu, Fe, Zn, phenanthrene and benzo[a]pyrene were determined in sediments and macrophytes collected from sites along the Cilento coast, in western Mediterranean Sea, characterized by different levels of anthropogenic pressures. The 18 species analysed, belonging to Cyanobacteria, Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta, Heterokontophyta and Embryophyta, exhibited different accumulation capabilities toward pollutants, with average concentrations of Cu, phenanthrene and benzo[a]pyrene in all the divisions (17.6 ± 2.3 μg g−1 d.w., 34.3 ± 2.1 ng g−1 d.w., 61.5 ± 9.4 ng g−1 d.w., respectively) higher than those measured in sediments (4.0 ± 0.7 μg g−1 d.w., 11.6 ± 0.9 ng g−1 d.w., 14.8 ± 1.0 ng g−1 d.w., respectively) and more than one order of magnitude higher in Embryophyta for Cu (62.9 ± 7.1 μg g−1 d.w.) and in Cyanobacteria for benzo[a]pyrene (181 ± 2 ng g−1 d.w.). The obtained findings constitute a reference for the accumulation capabilities of different taxa and for the behaviour of different fuel exhaust pollutants in marine coastal environments, with implication for their transfer across trophic webs.
Characteristics of microplastics in tributaries of the upper Brahmaputra River along the Himalayan foothills, India
Authors: Goswami Prasun , Bhadury Punyasloke 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution is a global concern, yet its presence in riverine environments has received limited research attention. This study aimed to evaluate MP levels and identify their potential sources in river surface water and nearby soil samples from two rural and remote rivers near the Jaldapara National Park in the foothills of Eastern Himalaya of India. The average MP levels in water and soil samples were 0.14 ± 0.11 pieces m−3 and 633.33 ± 124.72 pieces/kg d.w. respectively. The primary types of microplastics detected were fibres, followed by fragments, and films. MP sizes in water were larger than in soil samples. Blue, black, and red MPs were most abundant. Micro-Raman analysis revealed polyethylene was the dominant polymer type, followed by nylon, and polypropylene. Comparatively, pollution levels in the study area were relatively low when compared to other rivers worldwide. Understanding the sources and characteristics of microplastics are vital in formulating effective mitigation strategies and promoting responsible waste management practices. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, environmentalists, and indigenous communities to implement measures that can lead to curbing of plastic use and safeguard vulnerable riverine ecosystems from adverse impacts of MP pollution.
Impacts of integrated marketing communications on customers’ green brand awareness: an empirical case study in Vietnam
Authors: Nhuong Bui Huy , Truong Dinh Duc 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Vietnam is a country with a dynamic economy, but is facing environmental problems. In the context of economic integration, greening production and consumption is becoming more and more popular in the country. This study focused on examining the impacts of integrated marketing communications on customers’ green brand awareness in Vietnam. We applied Attitude-Behavior-Context theory to build conceptual model and hypotheses. The study collected primary data from 615 customers in Hanoi using the convenience sampling method. Descriptive statistical analysis, Anova test, Cronbach’s Alpha analysis, exploring factor analysis and multivariate regression were used for data analysis. The results showed that there were 6 factors significantly impact green brand awareness including advertising, direct marketing, internet marketing, sales promotion, public relations and personal selling of which advertising was the strongest driver. This research provided brand managers and marketers with clear insight into the mechanisms for improving environmental awareness. It also suggested that companies should design their advertising to highlight the brand’s environmental responsibility and the eco-friendly attributes of products to raise environmental awareness among consumers.
Scouring around bridge pier: a comprehensive review of countermeasure techniques
Authors: Baranwal Anubhav , Das Bhabani Shankar 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Scouring around bridge piers significantly threatens bridge stability and can cause tragic failures if not addressed effectively. Several countermeasure techniques have been developed to reduce local scour depth around bridge piers, including using scour countermeasures such as riprap, collar plate, slot, submerged vane, sacrificial pile, etc These countermeasures can be used alone or in combination to provide additional protection against local scour. The selection of countermeasures depends on flow velocity, river bed sediment type, and bridge geometry. A thorough analysis of these factors is necessary before selecting a countermeasure. In this paper, an attempt has been made to summarize the efficiency of different countermeasure techniques to reduce scour depth around the bridge pier. The stability of the bed armouring device depends on its depth and Installation position around the bridge pier, and its efficiency decreases as flow velocity increases. It is found that significant scour protection devices are more efficient in clear water scouring (CWS) conditions (V/Vc ≤ 1.0) than live bed scouring (LBS) conditions (V/Vc > 1.0). The combination of flow-altering devices is crucial in reducing scour, with a collar plate and slot combination being more effective than a single slot. The findings of this review paper are to provide a valuable resource for engineers and policymakers seeking to design and implement effective strategies for mitigating local scour around bridge piers.
Control algorithm for an island microgrid under DSTATCOM using a Third Order Sinusoidal Integrator (TOSSI) to improve power quality for a local nonlinear load
Authors: Bala Nishi , Mallik Sanjeev Kumar 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Energy delivery to end-user customers is critically dependent on the distribution system. The system must synchronize correctly during island operation while connected as a microgrid to provide better power quality. The consumer experiences distortion and uneven power quality during these activities, raising severe research concerns. In order to mitigate the power quality issues at the end-user side, the modified Third Order Sinusoidal Integrator (TOSSI)-based DSTATCOM is the main topic of this research work. In order to instruct the DSTATCOM, the TOSSI receives feedback on phase, voltage, and frequency via the phase-locked loop (PLL) system. Through the use of the harmonic component of the load current, the enhanced TOSSI-based feedback enhances the dynamics of the distribution side. Enhancing DSTATCOM’s performance in distorted and unbalanced system circumstances is the aim of the suggested research. This work explores power factor correction and harmonic reduction in unbalanced and non-linear load settings utilizing modified TOSSI feedback, achieving an accuracy of 92%. The planned microgrid is modelled and simulated in MATLAB’s Simulink environment to demonstrate the importance of the suggested mitigation technique.
Comparative performance analysis of different types of k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) classifiers for fault diagnosis of air compressor setup
Authors: Dhakar Atul , Singh Bhagat , Gupta Pankaj 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a method for identifying Reciprocating Air Compressor (RAC) faults using acoustic signals obtained from both healthy and unhealthy conditions. The entire procedure is carried out with Uni-directional microphones using a LABVIEW-based data collection interface and data acquisition (DAQ) hardware unit that has several ports. Accumulated one healthy and seven unhealthy signals of RAC setup processed using signal processing technique called Local Mean Decomposition (LMD). Further, six Statistical Properties (SPs) have been evaluated in order to extract fault features namely: mean (US), variance (σ
s2), root square of mean (Mrms), root amplitude of mean (Mrma), absolute amplitude of mean (Mama), and Kurtosis index (Ki). Extracted fault features are classified using various types of k-NN classifiers namely: fine (f-kNN), medium (m-kNN), coarse (c-kNN) and weighted (w-kNN). It has been found that LMD along with 6 statistical properties and form different type of k-NN classifiers, the weighted k-NN classifier has a greater accuracy of 86.74%, which is quite accurate as compared to other k-NN classifiers.
GA tuned LQR controller for active vibration control of a rotor bearing system using piezoelectric actuators
Authors: Brahem Maryam , Chouchane Mnaouar 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes a vibration identification method based on a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to improve the reliability of rotating machinery by effectively controlling rotor vibrations. The classical active control approach, known as the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) control algorithm, is influential in this regard but heavily depends on specific parameters. However, using a predetermined set of parameters may not suffice to address the diverse vibration control needs of different rotating systems. To address this issue, an active vibration control system employing flexible piezoelectric patches attached to the external surface of the rotating shaft, functioning as actuators, is designed. These patches are individually supplied with actuation voltages. Through a numerical example, the effectiveness of the proposed system is validated. The numerical results demonstrate a significant reduction of the amplitude of the unbalance response, with a reduction of 79% at the first critical speed during a steady-state condition and 75% during run-up. The numerical findings underscore the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy (LQR-GA), highlighting its notable dynamic impact compared to the conventional LQR algorithm with fixed parameters.
A simple measurement method for in-situ temperature-dependent piezoelectric coefficient d
33 of piezoelectric materials
Authors: Lin Tao , Zhong Meipeng , Wang Gonghai , Yuqing Zhou 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Piezoelectric materials have been widely used in sensors, actuators, and transducers due to their positive and inverse piezoelectric effects, which can convert electrical and mechanical energy into one another. The most important parameter to evaluate the piezoelectric properties of materials is their piezoelectric coefficient (d
33). The value of d
33 varies with temperature. The measurement of temperature-dependent d
33 is a difficult task and at present, the equipment used to measure the temperature-dependent d
33 has many limitations. To overcome these limitations, the current study proposes an in situ temperature-dependent d
33 measuring method based on the inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric materials. The newly developed measuring equipment contains a laser vibrometer, and automatic detection program including data processing. Moreover, the image is displayed on LabVIEW program. Compared with the quasi-static temperature-dependent d
33 measurement method, the KNN- based piezoelectric material demonstrated the reliability of this measurement method.
Disturbance characteristics test about double-line shield tunnel excavation in grouting-reinforced water-rich sand stratum
Authors: Liu Yu , Cheng Xuansheng , Sun Haodong , Ding Kai , Wei Qingbo , Ding Huidong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
To study the disturbance characteristics of double-line shield tunnel excavation on sand bodies in grouting-reinforced water-rich sand stratum, a similar model test was carried out. Firstly, the physical parameters and strength indexes of the overlying soil strata of the tunnel in the water-rich sand stratum were determined by laboratory tests. The similar soil and tunnel support structures of each stratum were prepared. Then, considering the different seepage modes of upper and lower soil strata under the influence range of tunnel excavation, the model test of double-line shield tunnel excavation in a grouting-reinforced water-rich sand stratum is conducted. The variation rules of sand deformation, surface settlement, and sand body stress during the excavation of a double-line shield tunnel are analyzed utilizing monitoring and analyzing systems such as a flowmeter, micro earth pressure sensors, and dial indicators. It is found that during the excavation of the double-line tunnel, the self-stabilization ability of the grouting reinforced sand bodies is strong under the action of stable seepage. Under the influence of grouting reinforcement, the seepage path around the tunnel structure will change, the fluid-solid coupling effect will decrease, and the sand stratum will be uplifted to varying degrees. The sand body will change its mechanical properties due to the influence of seepage. The fluid-solid interaction effect will be enhanced. The fluid-solid coupling effect of soil particles and water will be further enhanced when the excavation of the subsequent tunnel is carried out. The effect of unsaturated seepage in the overlying soil stratum leads to greater stress at the arch waist of the arch tunnel. In the actual construction process, the grouting amount and grouting time should be strictly controlled. The tunnel basement is supported by anchor spray support to prevent the tunnel structure and surface uplift.
Vigilance and hypervigilance
Authors: Henderson Robert , McCready Elin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this chapter we will continue to explore how listeners do/should react to dogwhistles, given that persona construction is interactional. In particular, we return to the core RSA framework developed in Chapter 4 and consider the behavior of L1, the sociolinguistically aware listener. How should a listener optimally reason about a speaker’s persona, assuming a speaker that is attempting to maximize their social utility relative to an audience? This chapter begins to look at this question and identifies two strategies that we see in actual listeners, which we dub vigilance and hypervigilance. The first follows 92from the RSA theory we have developed in previous chapters, and, in fact, we will see that it involves a standard kind of implicature familiar from the RSA literature on implicatures in the truth-conditional domain. The second we relate to the credibility result for cheap talk games of Farrell 1993, where a neologism is credible to the degree that the interests of the sender align with those of the receiver.
Introduction
Authors: Atkins Jed W 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A powerful narrative holds that tolerance originated from early modern attempts to address the problem of monotheistic religious violence by protecting the individual freedoms of religion and conscience through separating church from state and sidelining judgments about the common good. This “traditional liberal history” has obscured tolerance’s origins in a North African Christian tradition comprised of Tertullian, Cyprian, Lactantius, and Augustine. This introductory chapter identifies the traditional liberal history of tolerance’s origins, sketches the historical background and key philosophical commitments of the North African Christian tradition, summarizes the different traditions of Roman republicanism and Stoicism against which the North African Christian tradition developed, and explains the methodology and central claims of the book.
More physics names
Authors: Kragh Helge 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The term ‘energy’ was used in physics only from the 1860s. This and other words in thermodynamics (such as entropy) are discussed in this chapter, which also takes a close look at Röntgen’s X-rays and the terminology associated with radioactivity. Section 4.3 is devoted to quantum languages, that is, the words introduced in connection with quantum mechanics, many of them being German–English hybrids such as eigenvalue and eigenstate. Solid-state physics, essentially a branch of applied quantum theory, resulted in several entities called quasi particles and also in a number of acronyms, of which ‘laser’ is probably the best known.
Occupational exposure to pesticides and neurobehavioral outcomes. Impact of different original and recalled exposure measures on the associations
Authors: Fuhrimann Samuel , Mueller William , Atuhaire Aggrey , Mubeezi Ruth , Ohlander Johan , Povey Andrew , Basinas Ioannis , van Tongeren Martie , Jones Kate , Galea Karen S , Kromhout Hans 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Several measures of occupational exposure to pesticides have been used to study associations between exposure to pesticides and neurobehavioral outcomes. This study assessed the impact of different exposure measures for glyphosate and mancozeb on the association with neurobehavioral outcomes based on original and recalled self-reported data with 246 smallholder farmers in Uganda.

Methods
The association between the 6 exposure measures and 6 selected neurobehavioral test scores was investigated using linear multivariable regression models. Exposure measures included original exposure measures for the previous year in 2017: (i) application status (yes/no), (ii) number of application days, (iii) average exposure-intensity scores (EIS) of an application and (iv) number of EIS-weighted application days. Two additional measures were collected in 2019: (v) recalled application status and (vi) recalled EIS for the respective periods in 2017.

Results
Recalled applicator status and EIS were between 1.2 and 1.4 times more frequent and higher for both pesticides than the original application status and EIS. Adverse associations between the different original measures of exposure to glyphosate and 4 neurobehavioral tests were observed. Glyphosate exposure based on recalled information and all mancozeb exposure measures were not associated with the neurobehavioral outcomes.

Conclusions
The relation between the different original self-reported glyphosate exposure measures and neurobehavioral test scores appeared to be robust. When based on recalled exposure measures, associations observed with the original exposure measures were no longer present. Therefore, future epidemiological studies on self-reported exposure should critically evaluate the potential bias towards the null in observed exposure–response associations.
Work bout handling of a search dog reduces handgrip strength and increases firefighters’ risk of falls
Authors: Pimenta Luís Gustavo , Molento Carla Forte Maiolino , Farah Leonardo , de Lourdes Nahhas Rodacki Cintia , Paulo Anderson Caetano 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Firefighters work with dogs as support for their search activities for victims. Firefighters who handle dogs supposedly have higher acute muscle pain, more stumbling, and fatigue. This study aimed to verify the influence of a mantrailing dog on the firefighter’s psychophysiological and muscular responses and the number of imbalances in a simulated activity of searching for people.

Methods
The sample consisted of 10 canine operators characterized by mass (92.57 ± 9.66 kg), height (1.78 ± 0.06 m), age (37.8 ± 2.1 yr), and length of service (9.5 ± 4.6 yr), who performed a search activity under 2 experimental conditions (dog condition and control condition). The simulated search activity consisted of a predefined hike of 2.5 km between the beginning of a search and the place where the sham victim was hidden. Cardiometabolic variables, pain level, and muscular performance were measured pre and postactivity (time factor). The number of imbalances suffered during hiking was also quantified.

Results
ANOVA data indicated interactions (condition × time) related to handgrip strength (P &lt; 0.05). Handgrip strength was reduced in the postsearch activity with the dog, and it increased the control when compared to the preactivity (–12.3% versus +9.2%). Also, the level of pain and discomfort in the neck, trunk, and hip regions was higher with dogs (P &lt; 0.05). Under the dog and control conditions, there were 25 and 05 imbalances, respectively, during the hike. There were no significant differences between the experimental conditions for vertical jump performance and cardiovascular responses either with dog or control.

Conclusions
The findings of this study highlight that a mantrailing dog with the firefighter increased the number of slips, trips, sudden changes in direction, and loss of body balance, accompanied by a reduction in handgrip strength, and increased acute pain in the neck, trunk, and hip. These findings may contribute to support strategies for mitigating injuries and optimizing the performance of canine operators in the fire department and other units cinotechnic.