bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scrutinizing the Explicit, the Implicit and the Unsustainable: A Model for Holistic Transformation of a Course for Sustainability
Authors: Armstrong Cosette , LeHew Melody 
Published: March 2012

Scrutinizing the Explicit, the Implicit and the Unsustainable: A Model for Holistic Transformation of a Course for SustainabilityThe purpose of this qualitative case study is to describe the development and implementation of a model for course redevelopment for education for sustainable development (ESD). The theoretical approaches to curriculum development of Ralph Tyler (1949) and Elliot Eisner (2002) were influential in the development of the model. The Tyler Rationale (Tyler, 1949) provided general scaffolding for the process and was particularly useful for the development of learning outcomes, while the philosophy of Eisner (2002), complementary to the tenets of ESD, was instrumental in designing classroom experiences to deliver the learning outcomes. Importantly, the model provides a way to empower the individual educator to integrate ESD at the course level as well as a useful mechanism to ensure the holistic application of ESD, aligning sustainability with the predilections of any discipline. This paper demonstrates the use of the model to redevelop an apparel product development course, reframing it for sustainability and sustainable development. The new course was piloted and has now been offered twice since its inception, resulting in a positive students' learning experience.
Collaboration, Mentoring and Co-Teaching in Teacher Education
Authors: Sachs Gertrude , Fisher Terry , Cannon Joanna 
Published: March 2012

Collaboration, Mentoring and Co-Teaching in Teacher EducationCollaboration at the university level is a fundamental element needed to enhance teaching (Cochran-Smith & Fries, 2005) and reflection is a critical component of teacher education (Dewey, 1933, 1938). A case study is presented of one senior university faculty member's experiences co-teaching with two doctoral students seeking to understand the impact of shared decision-making and authentic collaboration on individuals entering the academy. An analysis of the authors' shared experiences indicated that, through this mentoring, collaborative and mutually beneficial relationships were built. An analysis of the authors' experiences also indicated that these collaborative relationships were built upon several key factors, specifically (a) a strong sense of individual accountability and professionalism; (b) the mutual creation and demonstration of respect; (c) affirmation and overt participation in reciprocal growth and development; (d) attention to issues of power and abeyance. The findings of the study highlight the need for further exploration into the role of mentorship of junior faculty and the efficacy of co-teaching processes in the development of professional identities of junior faculty entering the academy.
Moten in Canterbury Tales: The speaker's expression of the self
Authors: Stadnik Katarzyna 
Published: March 2012

Moten in Canterbury Tales: The speaker's expression of the self
In the paper, we posit the centrality of the speaker in language. In so doing, we refer to the fact that language users may select particular linguistic expressions to encode their understanding of a given situation. This observation alludes to the concept of subjectivity in linguistics, and evokes the notion of modality, concerned, broadly speaking, with the speaker's attitude to the proposition. In English, linguistic devices used to signal the varying degrees of the speaker's commitment towards the proposition include modal verbs. Historically, they can be claimed to have developed from less to more subjective meanings, as in the case of the modal verb must. Its epistemic meaning is believed to have evolved from its deontic sense in the Middle English (ME) period. While some authors argue that, at this stage of its development, epistemic must was less, rather than more subjective, we test a different supposition. In our view, epistemic must occurring in generalized necessity statements might acquire a more subjective reading. Specifically, it seems possible to argue that, by personalizing generalized truths, the speaker tinges them with more subjective overtones. We exemplify the claim using the occurrences of ME *
moten ‘must’ in Canterbury Tales.
Error-based evidence for interference from Polish gliding rules on English Pronunciation
Authors: Dziczek-Karlikowska Hanna 
Published: March 2012

Error-based evidence for interference from Polish gliding rules on English Pronunciation
This paper examines pronunciation errors made by Polish learners of English. The focus is on the phonology of glides in Polish and English. The purpose of the presented evaluation of errors is to demonstrate that phonological interference finds its source in the phonological rules of the native language having no correspondents in the target language or in the differences in the treatment of diphthongs by both languages.
Natural Syntax: The English indefinite article
Authors: Orešnik Janez 
Published: March 2012

Natural Syntax: The English indefinite article
The framework of this paper is Natural Syntax initiated by the author in the tradition of (morphological) naturalness as established by Wolfgang U. Dressler and †Willi Mayerthaler.
Natural Syntax is a developing deductive theory. The naturalness judgements are couched in naturalness scales, which follow from the basic parameters (or "axioms") listed at the beginning of the paper. The predictions of the theory are calculated in what are known as deductions, the chief components of each being a pair of naturalness scales and the rules governing the alignment of corresponding naturalness values.
Natural Syntax is here exemplified with selected language data bearing on the use of the English indefinite article.
Some recent work related to Natural Syntax: Orešnik 2007a-e; 2008a-c; 2009a, b; 2009 (with Varja Cvetko-Orešnik). (Only work published in English is mentioned).
Storage temperature and stabilizers in relation to the activity of commercial liquid feed enzymes: a case study from Egypt
Authors: El-Sherbiny Mohamed , El-Chaghaby Ghadir 
Published: March 2012

Storage temperature and stabilizers in relation to the activity of commercial liquid feed enzymes: a case study from EgyptThe present work was carried out in order to study the storage stability at different temperatures of commercial liquid enzymes imported to Egypt. In this respect, two samples containing the same enzymes (xylanase, amylase and cellulase) with the same initial activities and from the same biological origin were divided into four bottles. The first two bottles were labeled (A, D) having water as the carrying material and the second two bottles labeled (B, C) having glycerol as the carrying material. Samples A and B were stored at 4 °C, while samples C and D were stored at 30 °C, the study was conducted for 7.5 months. The results showed that samples stored at 4 °C whether carried in water or glycerol had better enzyme recovery percentages compared to those stored at 30 °C. Also samples having glycerol as a carrying material had better enzyme stability compared to those having water as a carrying material except for cellulase stored at 30 °C. The results obtained suggest that for shipment to tropical regions, suppliers must ensure enzyme storage at refrigerated conditions below 5 °C. It is also recommended that an enzyme stabilizer is used as it will lead to a more efficient enzyme and thus will increase the economic potential of existing enzymatic processes.
Milkability evaluation of Holstein dairy cows by Lactocorder
Authors: Strapák Peter , Antalík Peter , Szencziová Iveta 
Published: March 2012

Milkability evaluation of Holstein dairy cows by LactocorderThe aim of this work was to evaluate chosen milk flow characteristics of Holstein dairy cows, using mobile electronic milk flow meters - Lactocorders. A total of 181 Holstein dairy cows were evaluated and divided according to parity, lactation stage and bimodality in order to carry out a detailed comparison of measured milkability traits. The average total milk yield was 11.98±3.41 kg per milking with an average milk flow rate of 2.52±0.75 kg min-1 and a maximum milk flow rate of 3.94±1.30 kg min-1. The total milk yield showed positive correlations with the average milk flow rate (r = 0.48; P<0.001) and also with the maximum milk flow rate (r = 0.32; P<0.001). More than 47% of milk flow curves were classified as bimodal. Bimodality was positively correlated with the duration of the incline phase (r = 0.73; P<0.001) and negatively correlated with the quantity of milk obtained during the first minute of milking (r = -0.34; P<0.001). In relation to the lactation stage - the highest average milk flow rate was reached by Holstein dairy cows at the beginning of the lactation (up to 100 days in milk), and in relation to parity - the highest milk flow rates were measured in second-lactation dairy cows.
Comparative investigation of SiC and Si power electronic devices operating at high switching frequency
Authors: Zymmer K. , Mazurek P. 
Published: March 2012

Comparative investigation of SiC and Si power electronic devices operating at high switching frequencyThe paper presents results of measurements of the reverse recovery current and dynamic forward voltage of the silicon carbide (SiC) Schottky diodes operating at a 500 A/μs current slope. These data were compared with the corresponding parameters determined for ultrafast silicon (Si) diodes. Results of power losses measurement in SiC Schottky diodes operating at switching frequency range of (10-200) kHz are presented and compared with corresponding data of ultrafast Si diodes. Also, results of power losses measurements in transistors of dc voltage switch are shown. Investigations were conducted with a SiC and the ultrafast Si freewheeling diode at the transistor switching frequency of 100 kHz. The results of measuring power losses dissipated in the dc converter with a SiC Schottky diode and the ultrafast silicon diode are also presented.
Failed epilepsy surgery for mesial temporal lobe sclerosis: a review of the pathophysiology
Authors: Vale Fernando L. , Pollock Glen , Benbadis Selim R. 
Published: March 2012

Object
The object of the current study was to review the electrophysiology and pathological substrate of failed temporal lobe surgery in patients with mesial temporal sclerosis.

Methods
A systematic review of the literature was performed for the years 1999–2010 to assess the cause of failure and to identify potential reoperation candidates.

Results
Repeat electroencephalographic evaluation documenting ipsilateral temporal lobe onset was the most frequent cause for recurrent epileptogenesis, followed by contralateral temporal lobe seizures. Less frequently, surgical failures demonstrated an electroencephalogram that was compatible with extratemporal localization. The generation of occult or new epileptogenic zones as well as residual epileptogenic tissue could explain these findings.

Conclusions
The outcome of temporal lobe surgery for epilepsy is challenged by a somewhat consistent failure rate. Reoperation results in improved seizure control in properly selected patients. A detailed knowledge of the pathophysiology is beneficial for the reevaluation of these patients.
Endoscopic treatment of middle cranial fossa arachnoid cysts in children
Authors: El-Ghandour Nasser M. F. 
Published: March 2012

Object
Arachnoid cysts located in the middle cranial fossa are common, comprising about half of all intracranial arachnoid cysts. The management of these cysts is challenging, and the optimal surgical treatment is controversial. This study evaluates the role of endoscopy in the treatment of middle cranial fossa arachnoid cysts (MCFACs) in children, focusing on some factors or technical aspects that might influence the outcome.

Methods
Thirty-two children with symptomatic MCFACs were the subject of this study. The group included 23 boys and 9 girls, with a mean age of 3.6 years. All patients underwent operations using a purely endoscopic cystocisternostomy procedure through a transtemporal approach.

Results
Significant clinical improvement occurred in 28 cases (87.5%). Postoperative MR imaging showed a reduction in cyst size in 23 cases (71.9%), whereas in the remaining 9 cases (28.1%), the cyst size was unchanged. Minor intraoperative bleeding occurred in 3 cases (9.4%), which stopped spontaneously without any postoperative sequelae. Ipsilateral subdural hygroma occurred in 2 cases (6.3%) and resolved within a few weeks without surgery; transient oculomotor palsy occurred in 1 case (3.1%). During follow-up (mean 4.6 years), 3 patients (9.4%) experienced recurrence of symptoms and an increase in cyst size. Interestingly, all 3 patients who had recurrence had also experienced intraoperative bleeding at initial surgery. At a second endoscopic procedure, the fenestration was found to be closed in all 3 patients.

Conclusions
Endoscopic cystocisternostomy is recommended in the treatment of MCFACs in children because it is simple, minimally invasive, and effective. It maintains the basic strategy of cyst fenestration into the basal cisterns without the invasiveness of open craniotomy. This procedure reduces operative and recovery times and is associated with low morbidity and mortality rates.
The effect of call on neurosurgery residents' skills: implications for policy regarding resident call periods
Authors: Ganju Aruna , Kahol Kanav , Lee Peter , Simonian Narina , Quinn Steven J. , Ferrara John J. , Batjer H. Hunt 
Published: March 2012

Object
Although fatigue and its effects on surgical proficiency have been an actively researched area, previous studies have not examined the effect of fatigue on neurosurgery residents specifically. This study aims to quantify the effect of fatigue on the psychomotor and cognitive skills of neurosurgery residents.

Methods
Seven neurosurgery residents performed a minimum of 3 and a maximum of 4 sessions of 6 surgical exercises precall and postcall. The simulation exercises were designed to measure a surgeon's cognitive abilities, such as memory and attention, while performing simulated surgical tasks and exercises that have been previously validated in several studies, including studies measuring the impact of fatigue on general surgery residents. Each exercise measured tool-movement smoothness, time elapsed, and cognitive errors. The change in surgical skills in precall and postcall conditions was assessed by means of an ANOVA, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results
The neurosurgery residents did not show a statistically significant difference in their surgical skills between the pre- and postcall states (p < 0.3, p < 0.4, and p < 0.2 for movement smoothness, time elapsed, and cognitive errors, respectively). The mean decrement for all residents in the postcall condition was 13.1%.

Conclusions
Postcall fatigue is associated with a marginal decrease in proficiency during simulated surgery in neurosurgery residents. In a similar study, general surgery residents showed a statistically significant decrement of 27.3% in the postcall condition. The impact of fatigue on different specialties should be further investigated prior to implementation of a national physician work-hour policy.
Monitoring for Intolerance to Gastric Tube Feedings: A National Survey
Authors: Metheny Norma A. , Mills Andrew C. , Stewart Barbara J. 
Published: March 2012

BackgroundConfusion about how to assess for intolerance to feedings often results in unnecessary feeding interruptions.ObjectivesTo report findings from a national survey of methods used by critical care nurses to assess tolerance to gastric tube feedings and to discuss the findings in light of current enteral nutrition guidelines.MethodsA paper-and-pencil survey was mailed to 1909 members of the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses. In addition, the same survey was posted online in a newsletter circulated to association members. Results from both surveys were pooled for data analysis.ResultsA total of 2298 responses were obtained; most respondents reported using a combination of methods to assess tolerance to gastric tube feedings (listening for bowel sounds, measuring gastric residual volumes, observing for abdominal distention/discomfort and for nausea and vomiting). More than 97% of the nurses reported measuring gastric residual volumes; the most frequently cited threshold levels for interrupting feedings were 200 mL and 250 mL. About 25% of the nurses reported interrupting feedings for gastric residual volumes of 150 mL or less; only 12.6% of the respondents reported allowing gastric residual volumes of up to 500 mL before interrupting feedings.ConclusionsPractice among the 2298 critical care nurses varied widely. Many of the survey respondents are practicing in ways that can unnecessarily diminish the delivery of calories to patients. Protocols based on current enteral nutrition guidelines must be developed and implemented in practice settings.
Two-Compartment Model of NK Cell Proliferation: Insights from Population Response to IL-15 Stimulation
Authors: Zhao Yun M. , French Anthony R. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
NK cells are innate lymphocytes that mediate early host defense against viruses, such as cytomegalovirus. IL-15 is upregulated during viral infections and drives the expansion of NK cells. However, the influence of IL-15 on murine NK cell division and death rates has not been quantitatively studied. Therefore, we developed a series of two-compartment (representing quiescent and dividing NK cell subpopulations) mathematical models, incorporating different assumptions about the kinetic parameters regulating NK cell expansion. Using experimentally derived division and death rates, we tested each model’s assumptions by comparing predictions of NK cell numbers with independent experimental results and demonstrated that the kinetic parameters are distinct for nondividing and dividing NK cell subpopulations. IL-15 influenced NK cell expansion by modulating recruitment and division rates to a greater extent than death rates. The observed time delay to first division could be accounted for by differences in the kinetic parameters of nondividing and dividing subsets of NK cells. Although the duration of the time delay to first division was not significantly influenced by IL-15, the recruitment of nondividing NK cells into the replicating subpopulation increased with greater IL-15 concentrations. Our model quantitatively predicted changes in NK cell accumulation when IL-15 stimulation was reduced, demonstrating that NK cell divisional commitment was interrupted when cytokine stimulation was removed. In summary, this quantitative analysis reveals novel insights into the in vitro regulation of NK cell proliferation and provides a foundation for modeling in vivo NK cell responses to viral infections.
ERK2-Dependent Activation of c-Jun Is Required for Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae-Induced CXCL2 Upregulation in Inner Ear Fibrocytes
Authors: Oh Sejo , Woo Jeong-Im , Lim David J. , Moon Sung K. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The inner ear, composed of the cochlea and the vestibule, is a specialized sensory organ for hearing and balance. Although the inner ear has been known as an immune-privileged organ, there is emerging evidence indicating an active immune reaction of the inner ear. Inner ear inflammation can be induced by the entry of proinflammatory molecules derived from middle ear infection. Because middle ear infection is highly prevalent in children, middle ear infection-induced inner ear inflammation can impact the normal development of language and motor coordination. Previously, we have demonstrated that the inner ear fibrocytes (spiral ligament fibrocytes) are able to recognize nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, a major pathogen of middle ear infection, and upregulate a monocyte-attracting chemokine through TLR2-dependent NF-κB activation. In this study, we aimed to determine the molecular mechanism involved in nontypeable H. influenzae-induced cochlear infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells. The rat spiral ligament fibrocytes were found to release CXCL2 in response to nontypeable H. influenzae via activation of c-Jun, leading to the recruitment of polymorphonuclear cells to the cochlea. We also demonstrate that MEK1/ERK2 signaling pathway is required for nontypeable H. influenzae-induced CXCL2 upregulation in the rat spiral ligament fibrocytes. Two AP-1 motifs in the 5′-flanking region of CXCL2 appeared to function as a nontypeable H. influenzae-responsive element, and the proximal AP-1 motif was found to have a higher binding affinity to nontypeable H. influenzae-activated c-Jun than that of the distal one. Our results will enable us better to understand the molecular pathogenesis of middle ear infection-induced inner ear inflammation.
Differential Risk of Tuberculosis Reactivation among Anti-TNF Therapies Is Due to Drug Binding Kinetics and Permeability
Authors: Fallahi-Sichani Mohammad , Flynn JoAnne L. , Linderman Jennifer J. , Kirschner Denise E. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIncreased rates of tuberculosis (TB) reactivation have been reported in humans treated with TNF-α (TNF)-neutralizing drugs, and higher rates are observed with anti-TNF Abs (e.g., infliximab) as compared with TNF receptor fusion protein (etanercept). Mechanisms driving differential reactivation rates and differences in drug action are not known. We use a computational model of a TB granuloma formation that includes TNF/TNF receptor dynamics to elucidate these mechanisms. Our analyses yield three important insights. First, drug binding to membrane-bound TNF critically impairs granuloma function. Second, a higher risk of reactivation induced from Ab-type treatments is primarily due to differences in TNF/drug binding kinetics and permeability. Apoptotic and cytolytic activities of Abs and pharmacokinetic fluctuations in blood concentration of drug are not essential to inducing TB reactivation. Third, we predict specific host factors that, if augmented, would improve granuloma function during anti-TNF therapy. Our findings have implications for the development of safer anti-TNF drugs to treat inflammatory diseases.