bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALISA KEBERLANJUTAN DAN NILAI TAMBAH DALAM MANAJEMEN EKOWISATA STUDI KASUS DAERAH WISATA TELAGA SAAT KECAMATAN CISARUA BOGOR
Authors: Pasaribu Bomer , Samosir Partogi , Munawaroh Munawaroh 
Published: May 2024

Dalam memasarkan destinasi wisata dapat dilakukan melalui promosi termasuk branding. Selain itu dalam pelaksanaan promosinya, daerah wisata harus memberikan nilai tambah dengan memberkan nilai “khas” yang hanya dimiliki daerah tersebut. Bagi daerah yang sudah memiliki suatu keunikan dapat menjadikan keunikan daerah tersebut dan menjadikannya sebuah ikon wisata suatu wilayah. Strategi lainnya adalah dengan menciptakan nilai tambah baru bagi daerah- daerah yang masih belum memiliki nilai tambah demi keberlanjutan kawasan wisatanya. Field study merupakan kegiatan kunjungan ke suatu objek tertentu di luar lingkungan kampus yang bertujuan untuk mencapai tujuan intruksional tertentu. Melalui penggalian materi dan informasi yang didapat di lingkungan field study baik dengan cara wawancara, historical fact, dan dokumen lainnya, hal-hal tersebut dapat mengembangkan pemikiran, dan dapat menumbuhkan kreatifitas mahasiswa. Dengan pendekatan yang holistik dan berkelanjutan, pengembangan desa wisata di Tugu Utara dapat memberikan dampak positif dalam beberapa aspek: yaitu: 1) Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, 2) Pengembangan Ekonomi Lokal, 3) pelestarian Budaya dan Lingkungan, 4) Peningkatan Infrastruktur dan Layanan, 5) Promosi Daerah. Penelitian ini Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kegiatan dokumentasi dan wawancara. Data yang sudah didapat diolah dan dipetakan menggunakan Business Model Canvas (BMC) dan Analisis PESTLE, untuk menentukan nilai tambah dan sustainability kawasan wisata Telaga Saat.
THE STUDY OF EFFECT PROBIOTIC IN ACNE AND ROSACEA : A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Novitafalen  , Christika Nathania , Henyta  , Azhari Ririn , Ananda Astrid , Syarfina Afdila 
Published: May 2024

Background: Alternative remedies have long been utilized by patients to treat skin diseases in addition to or instead of traditional medical care. Research on the relationship between probiotics, the skin microbiota, and inflammatory dermatoses is only getting started.
Aims : This systematic review is to review the association of probiotic and its effect in acne and rosacea.
Methods: This study demonstrated compliance with all requirements by means of a comparison with the standards established by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020. Thus, the specialists were able to guarantee that the research was as current as feasible. Publications released between 2014 and 2024 were considered for this search strategy. This was accomplished by utilizing a number of distinct online reference sites, including Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and SagePub. It was determined that reviews, previously published works, and partially completed works would not be included.
Result: In the PubMed database, the results of our search brought up 19 articles, whereas the results of our search on SCIENCE DIRECT brought up 166 articles, our search on SAGEPUB brought up 10 articles. The results of the search conducted for the last year of 2014 yielded a total 18 articles for PubMed, 122 articles for SCIENCE DIRECT and 7 articles for SAGEPUB. In the end, we compiled a total of 6 papers, 3 of which came from PubMed, 2 of which came from SCIENCE DIRECT and 1 of which came from SAGEPUB. We included six research that met the criteria.
Conclusion: In summary, manyof the studies that are currently available in the literature only involved a limited number of patients, did not state which species or dosage of probiotics were utilized, or did not run their trials long enough to fully assess the effects of probiotics on the microbiome of the skin and stomach.
PENGARUH KUALITAS LAYANAN PERBANKAN SYARIAH TERHADAP KEPUASAN NASABAH
Authors: Sarja  , Aziz Mohammad Abdul 
Published: May 2024

Kepuasan pelanggan dapat bervariasi menurut waktu, lokasi, dan pelanggan. Kepuasan terhadap fasilitas pelayanan hampir berkaitan dengan kualitas pelayanan. Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh kualitas pelayanan bank terhadap kepuasan nasabah di BSI KCP Adiwerna Kabupaten Tegal.
Penelitian ini adalah penelitian Sifat deskriptif kualitatif data yang digunakan adalah data Teknik pengumpulan data primer dan sekunder serta berupa observasi, dokumenter dan wawancara.
Hasil penelitian membuktikannya Dimensi CARTER terdiri dari kesesuaian, kepastian, kehandalan, Ada kekonkretan, empati dan daya tanggap secara keseluruhan tereksekusi dengan baik di BSI KCP Adiwerna Kualitas layanan yang mencakup dimensi CARTER. Dampak dari penggunana CARTER terhadap nasabah pelanggan puas, sehingga pelanggan mau merekomendasikan kepada banyak pihak lain seperti keluarga, rekan kerja dan lain-lain Gunakan produk yang ada di BSI KCP Adiwerna
Two‐Dimensional Flow Over Airfoils
Authors: Plotkin Allen 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The classical solution for the flow past a two‐dimensional thin airfoil is obtained by using the potential flow model. In spite of the simplifications in the governing equations and in the boundary conditions, the results are close to experimental results. The model predicts the lift slope of 2π and the location of the aerodynamic center at the quarter‐chord point. Results are also presented for a simple trailing‐edge flap model, indicating that the lift can be increased by such a trailing‐edge device. On the basis of the results of this analysis, a simple lumped vortex model is proposed, which can be used to estimate multi‐airfoil interactions and also for three‐dimensional numerical models.
Laminar Boundary Layers
Authors: Bernal Luis P. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe concept of boundary layer is central to understanding and prediction of viscous flow effects in high‐Reynolds‐number aerodynamics. Here we review classical boundary layer concepts and analysis techniques for two‐dimensional laminar boundary layers. The theoretical framework first introduced by Prandtl in 1904 is outlined. Important concepts like the boundary layer equations, vorticity dynamics, boundary layer separation, and the viscous–inviscid coupling are discussed. Exact similarity solutions are presented in detail to examine the effect of pressure gradient and to support approximate methods. The application to internal and external flows of one‐parameter approximate methods based on the Kármán integral equation is also discussed in detail. Two‐parameter approximate methods based on integral momentum and energy equations are introduced. The more recent development of aerodynamic design codes implementing coupled viscous/inviscid equations using two‐parameter integral formulations of the viscous problem is noted.
Turbulent Boundary Layers
Authors: Morrison Jonathan F. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Fundamental concepts concerning the scaling of the mean velocity, Reynolds stresses, and velocity spectra in turbulent boundary layers are considered and the concept of self‐similarity is introduced. Its limitations in terms of Reynolds number, spatial extent, and wave‐number range are identified. An understanding of the interaction between the inner and outer regions is essential for dealing with the scaling of near‐wall turbulence. “Inactive” motion is shown to be a first‐order, linear superposition of the inner and outer layers that corresponds to a ‘no‐interaction’ condition equivalent to the local‐equilibrium approximation. Prandtl's boundary‐layer approximation is discussed and a strategy for coping with boundary layers with more complicated boundary conditions is explained and some useful empirical formulations provided. These “extra rates of strain” not only necessitate some additional empiricism in turbulence models for RANS solvers, but also provide a framework around which their effects may be understood. Some key challenges are identified.
Unsteady Aerodynamics
Authors: Platzer Max F. , Jones Kevin D. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAbrupt aircraft maneuvers, flight in gusty air, or self‐excited vibrations of aircraft components generate aerodynamic phenomena which require an understanding of unsteady flow effects. It is the objective of this chapter to provide an overview of the major unsteady flow phenomena which may occur in low and high‐speed flight. Also, it is shown that a full understanding of aerodynamic lift generation is linked to an understanding of the vortex generation phenomenon. The equations needed to analyze various unsteady flow effects are presented and an overview is given of the major analysis methods which have been developed over the years. They range from linearized potential flow methods to modern methods of computational fluid dynamics for the prediction of unsteady viscous and separated flow effects.
Aerodynamic Flow Control
Authors: Greenblatt David , Wygnanski Israel J. , Rumsey Christopher L. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractActive flow control (AFC) has re‐emerged as a formidable research area in aerodynamics; this chapter provides a broad overview of modern developments. The control of large coherent structures via periodic perturbations and the mechanical means to achieve this have been at the heart of these developments. AFC has been demonstrated in wind tunnels over a 4 order‐of‐magnitude Reynolds number range and at high subsonic Mach numbers. Recently, an active flow control system for tiltrotor download alleviation was successfully flight tested. Most of the AFC research has focused on airfoil configurations including so‐called simplified high‐lift systems, although drag reduction, three‐dimensional configurations and flows, are also actively researched. Experiments that elucidate new aspects or isolate controlling parameters are considered to be invaluable for advances in the foreseeable future. Concurrently, the development of effective, robust, and system‐efficient actuators and sensors will determine the scope of applications. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), with various levels of turbulence model complexity, is the primary tool for prediction of these flows. Coordinated experiments designed specifically for CFD validation will be invaluable for developing these codes. Recent progress in the arena of simulation methods such as direct numerical simulation (DNS), large eddy simulation (LES), and hybrid Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS)/LES is expected to continue. Nevertheless, due to the expense of these methods, effort should also be expended in improving RANS predictions.
Aerodynamic Benefit of Aircraft Formation Flight
Authors: Gopalarathnam Ashok 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe improved aerodynamic efficiency of formation flight is a result of induced drag reductions when multiple wings fly in close lateral proximity to one another to take advantage of the upwash fields of neighboring wings. The spacing in the streamwise direction, however, can be sufficiently large for safe flight operations. Maximum drag benefits are seen when neighboring wings in a formation have a lateral overlap of approximately 10% of the span. Theoretical studies of elliptically loaded wings in formation show that induced drag reduction ranges from 44% for two wings to 81% for 25 wings. V‐shaped formations, often seen in flocks of migrating birds, result in equal distribution of the drag benefit amongst all the individuals. Formation flight has the potential to result in significantly reduced fuel burn even when applied to existing aircraft and routes.
Shock Boundary Layer Interactions
Authors: MacManus David G. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis chapter introduces some of the basic aerodynamic features that arise from the mutual interaction between a shock wave and a viscous boundary layer. Various interaction types are presented, which initially focus on two‐dimensional flow fields. The main characteristics in terms of the flow topology, separation criterion, interaction length, and flow physics are discussed. It further extends the discourse to briefly introduce the more complex aspects associated with the unsteadiness of the interaction. Finally, the chapter presents some of the basic parameters and flow features associated with a three‐dimensional flow for a swept shock boundary layer interaction.
Compressibility Effects in Rotorcraft Applications
Authors: Pahlke Klausdieter G. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractCompressibility effects play an important role in rotorcraft applications. They limit the high‐speed performance of rotorcraft because of wave drag, and they are the reason for the emission of high‐speed impulsive noise. Furthermore, compressibility triggers flow separation on highly loaded rotors in forward flight (dynamic stall).
Molecular Kinetics and Physical Gas Dynamics
Authors: Gallis Michael A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDetailed analyses of non‐equilibrium effects in hypersonic high‐temperature and high‐altitude phenomena require a clear understanding of the concepts and methods of the kinetic theory of gases. In this chapter, the Boltzmann equation and its extensions to polyatomic gases and mixtures are presented. The most prominent analytical, numerical, and physical methods for the solution of the Boltzmann equation are outlined. It is shown that the Navier–Stokes equations of fluid mechanics can be derived from the Boltzmann equation in the limit of near‐continuum, near‐equilibrium conditions.
Hypersonic Transition and Turbulence
Authors: Schneider Steven P. , Bowersox Rodney 
Published: December 2010

AbstractLaminar‐turbulent transition and the subsequent development of the turbulent boundary layer at hypersonic speeds affect heat‐transfer, skin friction, and boundary‐layer separation. Particularly at high‐speeds, much remains unknown about the main mechanisms and the area remains one of active current research. The goal of this chapter is to provide the reader with an introduction to the current state of understanding, so it can serve as a starting point for further reading. Transition is the result of a complex, difficult to predict laminar‐instability process that can be very sensitive to apparently small factors. The transition process is summarized, with emphasis on those events that are specific to high speeds, along with the instability process and some parametric effects. In the second part of the chapter, the main properties of high speed turbulence are described to provide an understanding of qualitative and quantitative trends in surface loads at large Mach numbers where high‐temperature effects become active.
Plasma Dynamics and Flow Control Applications
Authors: Adamovich Igor V. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractOver the last decade, there has been considerable interest in the use of plasmas generated over high‐speed vehicles for flow control and energy management. Plasma flow control does not use moving parts, and can be turned on and off on a very short time scale. In laboratory experiments, thermal plasmas, laser‐induced breakdown, as well as various types of surface and volume‐filling electric discharge plasmas, have been widely used to modify both subsonic and supersonic flows. Potential plasma flow control applications include drag reduction, boundary layer separation and transition control, mixing enhancement, shock wave modification, wave drag reduction, and on‐board electrical power generation. Primary mechanisms of plasma flow control include magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and electrohydrodynamic (EHD) interactions, as well as thermal methods using Joule heating of the flow. This article provides a brief overview of the main concepts and methods of plasma flow control.
Fundamentals of Heat Transfer and Thermal Physics
Authors: Klausner James F. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Thermal engineers and scientists are concerned with the transport of thermal energy or heat. The concept of heat is closely related to the thermodynamic internal energy of matter and depends on the orientation and motion (translation, rotation, and vibration) of molecules and atoms that comprise matter. Increases in temperature result in increases in the intensity and frequency of molecular and atomic motions and typically result in increased thermal or heat transport (Eckert and Drake, 1987). In the classical treatment of heat transfer, which utilizes macroscopic modeling, there exist three basic modes of transporting thermal energy: (i) conduction, (ii) convection, and (iii) radiation. This chapter will focus on the classical approach to heat transfer analysis for which a global body of engineering solutions and analyses has been developed. It is also worthwhile pointing out that there have been many recent advances in understanding thermal transport at the micro or atomic scale. Energy carriers at the microscale consist of phonons, electrons, fluid particles, and photons. For a comprehensive treatment of energy transport at the microscale, Kaviany (2008) provides an excellent treatise of the subject.
Heat Transfer Enhancement: Phase Change, Geometry, and Jets/Sprays
Authors: Kim Jungho , Chen Tailian 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMany applications require higher heat transfer than can be obtained from simple geometries such as smooth tubes or flat plates using single‐phase fluids. Methods to enhance heat transfer include exploiting the latent heat of vaporization, increasing the surface area, or increasing the effectiveness of single‐phase heat transfer. Each of these methods are discussed in this chapter.
Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: van Leer Bram , Powell Kenneth G. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractComputational fluid dynamics (CFD) has its roots in weapons research; since World War II, it has been used to replace experiments that are expensive, difficult, dangerous, or even impossible to conduct. The development of CFD for compressible flow was dominated by weapons research and astrophysics until 1980, when aeronautical CFD caught up, took the lead, and has been in the forefront since. CFD is primarily concerned with the approximation of partial differential equations (PDEs) on computational grids; to make these approximations suitable for the simulation of fluid flow, they have to adhere to principles of consistency, stability, convergence, monotonicity, conservation, and irreversibility. Major tools in the development of CFD solvers are the Von Neumann analysis, a linear Fourier analysis used to determine numerical stability as well as analyzing the dissipative and dispersive errors in the numerical approximation, and the nonlinear monotonicity analysis, which is used to develop limiters needed to prevent numerical oscillations that may overrun the numerical simulation. When applying these tools in developing a practical flow solver, a host of practical issues relating to the physical model, the grid, the choice of implicit or explicit marching methods, and convergence acceleration, must be considered.
Direct Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Fluid Flow
Authors: Coleman Gary N. , Sandberg Richard D. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
An overview is given of benefits, costs and challenges associated with direct, i.e. model‐free, numerical simulations of turbulence. The central role played by the Reynolds number, and its relationship to the computational cost, is explained. Critical numerical issues are introduced, including the rationale for the widespread use of spectral and finite‐difference methods. Practical guidelines are offered for performing this specialist subset of Computational Fluid Dynamics.
Computational Modeling of Rarefied Gas Flows
Authors: Boyd Iain D. , Agarwal Ramesh K. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractRarefied gas dynamics involves flows for which the number of collisions is too small to maintain the velocity distribution functions (VDFs) at the molecular level near the well‐known equilibrium forms. Such conditions occur at low density and for flows with very small characteristic length scales. Computational methods for the analysis of such flows are described. The approaches reviewed include extension of surface boundary conditions for use in continuum methods, extended sets of continuum flow equations, solution of the Boltzmann equation, and a Monte Carlo method. Hybrid techniques that combine continuum and non‐continuum methods are described for situations that involve a mixture of flow regimes.
Computational Combustion
Authors: Menon Suresh , Fureby Christer 
Published: December 2010

AbstractComputational combustion is discussed as a field of numerical modeling and simulations using advanced large‐scale parallel systems, and offers a new avenue to understand and interpret the dynamics of acoustic‐flame‐vortex interactions that occur in most combustion systems. Some of the key modeling assumptions and numerical strategies that are being used are identified with a goal to highlight the various issues to be aware of rather than explicitly explain or justify any particular method. Validation of these methods against experimental data and their use in design process are just starting to happen and will likely to become a new strategy in the future given the rapid advances in large‐scale parallel systems, increasing cost of experimental studies and limitations of direct in‐situ data acquisition.
Lattice Boltzmann Method for Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Luo Li‐Shi , Krafczyk Manfred , Shyy Wei 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis article provides a concise survey of the lattice Boltzmann equation: its mathematical theory and its capabilities for applications in computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The lattice Boltzmann method stems from the Boltzmann equation, and thus differentiates from any conventional method for CFD based on direct discretizations of the Navier–Stokes equations. The lattice Boltzmann method is formulated for near incompressible flows. We will show some examples to demonstrate the state of the art and capabilities of the lattice Boltzmann method. The examples include direct numerical simulations of decaying homogeneous turbulence, large eddy simulations of flows past a sphere, suspensions in fluid, a droplet moving on a surface, and multi‐component flows through porous media. The chapter is concluded with an outlook of future work.
Flow Visualization by Direct Injection Technique
Authors: Nelson Robert C. , Babie Brian M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe use of flow visualization often plays a defining role in the understanding of many fluid flow problems. Through the use of direct injection flow visualization, the researcher may be afforded either a global view of a complex flow field or the enhanced understanding of a critical flow feature. The current article serves to introduce the reader to several commonly practiced direct injection flow visualization techniques including smoke injection, smoke wire, chemical reactions and helium bubbles. Several considerations for the use of each of these techniques are provided along with multiple examples of the use of direct injection flow visualization.
Basic Concepts: Propulsion and Power
Authors: Rao Arvind G. , van Buijtenen Jos 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The propulsion system provides the required force/power to propel forward an aircraft/rocket or any other object moving in air or space. The propelling force is the most important aspect in the design and operation of aircraft/spacecraft mission. Every major technological breakthrough in propulsion and associated system has redefined the frontiers of aerospace sciences. The urge to improve propulsion systems keeps engineers and scientist busy alike till this day and will continue to do so in the future. When the atmospheric air is used as a working medium in a propulsion system, it is often known as air‐breathing propulsion. This section explains the basics of air‐breathing propulsion through simple analogies. The evolution of various types of propulsion systems in the history of aviation is traced, with special emphasis on the jet engines. The developments and advancements in jet engines over the years, and the main challenges which aircraft propulsion will be facing in the future are also discussed. Finally, new engine concepts and their viability are presented.