bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Acute Aerobic Exercise Versus Acute Zolpidem Intake on Sleep in Individuals with Chronic Insomnia
Authors: Rozales Ariella Rodrigues Cordeiro , Santana Marcos Gonçalves , Youngstedt Shawn D. , Han SeungYong , Assis Daniela Elias de , Assis Bernardo Pessoa de , Passos Giselle Soares 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction Sleeping pills are assumed to be the most efficacious means of treating acute insomnia, but their use has associated risks. Exercise could provide a healthy alternative treatment for insomnia, particularly if it could be shown to have comparable efficacy to sleeping pills.
Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of acute exercise versus zolpidem on chronic insomnia.
Methods Seventeen participants with chronic insomnia (recruited from advertisements) participated in a parallel randomized controlled trial (exercise, n = 9; zolpidem, n = 8). Participants in the exercise treatment performed treadmill exercise for 50 minutes, at 50% of heart rate reserve, between 11 am and 2 pm. Participants in the zolpidem treatment received a 10 mg dose of zolpidem immediately before bedtime. Following baseline and following the treatment, sleep measures included sleep diary, polysomnography, and actigraphy. Treatments were compared with non-inferiority analysis, ANOVA, and effect sizes.
Results Non-inferiority of exercise relative to zolpidem was observed for polysomnographic measurement of sleep latency. For all other comparisons, the non-inferiority was inconclusive. Significant treatment-by-time interactions were observed for N3 sleep (p = 0.04) and REM sleep (p = 0.03). No other significant treatment-by-time effects were observed. Subjective sleep duration and sleep efficiency, and polysomnographic measurement of sleep efficiency were significantly increased after zolpidem and exercise. The effect size between groups was small for these variables.
Conclusion Exercise impacted sleep in a similar way to zolpidem in participants with chronic insomnia. Considering the far superior health benefits of exercise, further research addressing this question is warranted.
Dermal Steal Technique: A Single-Surgeon Retrospective Evaluation of Aesthetic Outcomes of Beveled versus Conventional Perpendicular Skin Incisions.
Authors: Khanna Manoj , Chakraborty Sourabh Shankar 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background Beveled skin incision was proposed 30 years back to improve scar outcome. But we could not find any existing literature that studied the outcomes of beveled excision in a non-hair-bearing skin objectively.
Methods Twenty-eight patients undergoing skin excision during various aesthetic procedures were divided equally into two groups. In group I patients, both the apposing edges of skin had beveled incisions, while in group II conventional 90-degree incisions were given. The scar outcomes were measured using Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale v 2.0/EN (POSAS 2.0).
Results The means of the total score of the patient scale of POSAS had a statistically significant difference (p = 0.012) between the two groups, so had the means of the observer scale (p = 0.048). The difference in scores between overall patient opinion in the two groups was statistically significant (p = 0.0119); however, it was not significant in the overall observer opinion (p = 0.405).
Conclusion The beveled incision group had a better scar outcome than the perpendicular incision group.
Monte Carlo modelling of cyclotron and radioisotope center (CYRIC) at Tohoku University: a radiation protection study
Authors: Watabe Hiroshi , Yu Peter K N , Tse Gary , Krstic Dragana , Nikezic Dragoslav , Rafiqul Islam M , Wei Zhanbing , Wei Yuezhou , Shahmohammadi Beni Mehrdad 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Protection against ionizing radiations is important in laboratories with radioactive materials and high energy cyclotron beams. The Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center (CYRIC) located in Tohoku University in Miyagi prefecture, Japan and is a well-known nuclear science laboratory with cyclotron beams and substantial number of high activity radioactive materials. Considering this, it is important to perform complete radiation transport computations to ensure the safety of non-occupational and occupational workers. In the present work, we have developed a complete 3-dimensional model of the main cyclotron building and radiation labs using Monte Carlo method. We have found that the dispersed photons and neutrons inside and in the surrounding of the CYRIC building pose no significant risk to occupational and non-occupational workers. The present work and the developed models would be useful in the field of radiation protection.
A multi-modal joint attention network for vibro-acoustic fusion diagnosis of engines
Authors: Zhu Xiaolong , Zhang Junhong , Wang Xinwei , Wang Hui , Lin Jiewei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Deep learning has proven to be effective in diagnosing faults in power machinery and its diagnosis performance relies on a sufficient data set. In practice, a well-labeled data set with sufficient samples is very rare, especially for those machinery running in varying loading cases. The situation is particularly pronounced for multi-cylinder internal combustion engines, where the excitations from cylinders interact with significant background noise, and different data distributions are complicated. To tackle these issues, we propose a novelty multi-modal joint attention network (MJA-Net) for fusing the vibration and acoustic signals for diagnosing multiple faults. In MJA-Net, feature maps from both modalities are input separately into the convolutional module to learn independent features, and joint attention module (JAM) is utilized to enhance the vibro-acoustic information interaction and distribution consistency across modalities. The analysis of multiple loads vibro-acoustic experimental data shows that MJA-Net has a superior classification performance in limited sample tasks, compared to the single-modal methods. Furthermore, MJA-Net outperforms other fusion methods on average accuracy at 97.65%, as well as feature representativeness, and vibro-acoustic feature consistency across loads. JAM has superior diagnosis performance to other alternative modules. The class activation maps (CAM) generated by the Layer CAM highlight the key impact components related to the engine working mechanisms, providing valuable insight into MJA-Net’s interpretation for multi-fault recognition.
Facile synthesis and characterization of PbS thin films doped with various aluminum concentrations for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Reddy T Srinivasa , Vijaya Krishna S , Vinaya Kumar A , Ramanjaneyulu M , Raja Sekhar N , Santhosh Kumar M C 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this study, aluminum doped lead sulfide (PbS:Al) thin films were deposited on soda lime glass substrates using chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique. The structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of as-deposited PbS thin films were studied as a function of Al concentration (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 at. %). The deposited films can be analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy and Hall measurement. From SEM, it was evident that the thickness of the films decreased from 750 nm (0 at. %) to 280 nm (8 at. %) with increased Al concentration. XRD analysis revealed that the prepared films exhibited face centered cubic structure without any other binary phases. The average crystallite size of the films decreased from 33.71 to 20.45 nm. The direct optical band gap values were increased from 0.90 to 1.29 eV. The optical parameters such as refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (k), real (ɛ
1) and imaginary (ɛ
2) parts of the dielectric constant were 1.51–2.04, 0.0035–0.0075, 2.50–6.20 and 0.005–0.16 respectively. The absorption coefficient (α) of all the deposited films was in the range of ≈105 cm−1. The electrical resistivity of the deposited films was found in the range of 102–103 Ω·cm. The overall analysis indicate that the deposited PbS:Al thin film shows promise as an absorbing layer for heterojunction solar cell devices.
Finding origins of CMB anomalies in the inflationary quantum fluctuations
Authors: Gaztañaga Enrique , Sravan Kumar K. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we present compelling evidence for the parity asymmetry (a discrete
symmetry separate from isotropy) in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) map, measured through
two-point temperature correlations. Any asymmetry associated with discrete symmetries, such as
parity, challenges our understanding of quantum physics associated with primordial physics rather
than LCDM (Λ Cold-Dark-Matter) itself. We commence by conducting a comprehensive analysis
of the Planck CMB, focusing on the distribution of power in low-multipoles and temperature
anticorrelations at parity conjugate points in position space. We find tension with the near
scale-invariant power-law power spectrum of Standard Inflation (SI), with p-values of the order
𝒪(10-4 - 10-3). Alternatively, we explore the framework of
direct-sum inflation (DSI), where a quantum fluctuation arises as a direct sum of two components
evolving forward and backward in time at parity conjugate points in physical space. This mechanism
results in a parity-asymmetric scale-dependent power spectrum, particularly prominent at
low-multipoles, without any additional free model parameters. Our findings indicate that DSI is
consistent with data on parity asymmetry, the absence of power at θ > 60°, and power
suppression at low-even-multipoles which are major data anomalies in the SI model. Furthermore,
we discover that the parameters characterizing the hemispherical power asymmetry anomaly become
statistically insignificant when the large SI quadrupole amplitude is reduced to align with the
data. DSI explains this low quadrupole with a p-value of 3.5%, 39 times higher than SI. Combining
statistics from parameters measuring parity and low-ℓ angular power spectrum, we find that
DSI is 50-650 times more probable than SI. In summary, our investigation suggests that while CMB temperature fluctuations exhibit homogeneity and isotropy, they also display parity-asymmetric
behavior consistent with predictions of DSI. This observation provides a tantalizing evidence for
the quantum mechanical nature of gravity.
Requiem to “proof of inflation” or sourced fluctuations in a non-singular bounce
Authors: Ben-Dayan Ido , Thattarampilly Udaykrishna 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Popular wisdom suggests that measuring the tensor to scalar ratio r on CMB scales is a
“proof of inflation” since one generic prediction is a scale-invariant tensor spectrum while
alternatives predict r that is many orders of magnitude below the sensitivity of future
experiments. A bouncing Universe with sourced fluctuations allows for nearly scale-invariant
spectra of both scalar and tensor perturbations challenging this point of view. Past works have
analyzed the model until the bounce, under the assumption that the bounce will not change the
final predictions. In this work, we discard this assumption. We explicitly follow the evolution of
the Universe and fluctuations across the bounce until reheating. The evolution is stable, and the
existence of the sourced fluctuations does not destroy the bounce. The bounce enhances the scalar
spectrum while leaving the tensor spectrum unchanged. The enhancement depends on the duration of
the bounce — a shorter bounce implies a larger enhancement. The model matches current observations
and predicts any viable tensor-to-scalar ratio r ≲ 10-2, which may be observed in
upcoming CMB experiments. Hence, a measurement of r will no longer be a “proof of inflation”,
and a Sourced Bounce is a viable paradigm with distinct predictions.
Near- and sub-solar-mass naked singularities and black holes from transmutation of white dwarfs
Authors: Chakraborty Chandrachur , Bhattacharyya Sudip 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Recent gravitational wave events have suggested the existence of near-solar-mass black holes which cannot be formed via stellar evolution.
This has opened up a tantalizing possibility of future detections of both black holes and naked singularities in this mass range. Existence of naked singularities is a topical and fundamental physics issue, but their formation mechanism is not yet clear. Here, we show that some white dwarfs can realistically transmute into black holes and naked singularities with a wide range of near- and sub-solar-mass values by capturing
asymmetric or non-self-annihilating primordial dark matter (PDM) particles. We argue that, while a type Ia supernova due to the accumulation of dark matter at the core of a white dwarf could also be a possibility, the transmutation of a white dwarf into a black hole or a naked singularity is a viable consequence of the capture of non-self-annihilating PDM particles.
These white dwarf transmutations can have a significant role in probing the physics of dark matter and compact objects, and could be tested using the rates and locations of mergers over the cosmological time scale.
Higgs boson decays h→MZ in the TNMSSM*
Authors: Hu 胡 Huai-Cong 怀聪 , Zhang 张 Zhao-Yang 兆阳 , Zhu 朱 Ning-Yu 宁宇 , Chen 陈 Hai-Xiang 海翔 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We study the SM-like Higgs boson decays

in the triplet extended NMSSM (TNMSSM), where M is a vector meson

. Compared to the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM), the TNMSSM includes two new

(2) triplets with hypercharge ±1 and an SM gauge singlet, which are coupled to each other. The indirect contributions to the

decays are produced from the effective

vertex, and they are more important than the direct contributions. The results of this work could encourage a detection on

at the future high energy colliders for exploring new physics beyond the SM.
Enhancing predictive capabilities in fusion burning plasmas through surrogate-based optimization in core transport solvers
Authors: Rodriguez-Fernandez P. , Howard N.T. , Saltzman A. , Kantamneni S. , Candy J. , Holland C. , Balandat M. , Ament S. , White A.E. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This work presents the PORTALS framework (Rodriguez-Fernandez et al 2022 Nucl. Fusion
62 076036), which leverages surrogate modeling and optimization techniques to enable the prediction of core plasma profiles and performance with nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations at significantly reduced cost, with no loss of accuracy. The efficiency of PORTALS is benchmarked against standard methods, and its full potential is demonstrated on a unique, simultaneous 5-channel (electron temperature, ion temperature, electron density, impurity density and angular rotation) prediction of steady-state profiles in a DIII-D ITER Similar Shape plasma with GPU-accelerated, nonlinear CGYRO (Candy et al 2016 J. Comput. Phys.
324 73–93). This paper also provides general guidelines for accurate performance predictions in burning plasmas and the impact of transport modeling in fusion pilot plants studies.
Carboxymethyl chitosan-methacrylic acid gelatin hydrogel for wound healing and vascular regeneration
Authors: Yu Jingrong , Gao Zhengkun , Han Qingyue , Wang Zi , Zhang Wenjie , Zhao Jie , Qiao Shan , Zou Xinxin , Huang Fengjie 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
At present, wound dressings in clinical applications are primarily used for superficial skin wounds. However, these dressings have significant limitations, including poor biocompatibility and limited ability to promote wound healing. To address the issue, this study used aldehyde polyethylene glycol as the cross-linking agent to design a carboxymethyl chitosan-methacrylic acid gelatin hydrogel with enhanced biocompatibility, which can promote wound healing and angiogenesis. The CSDG hydrogel exhibits acid sensitivity, with a swelling ratio of up to 300%. Additionally, it exhibited excellent resistance to external stress, withstanding pressures of up to 160 kPa and self-deformation of 80%. Compared to commercially available chitosan wound gels, the CSDG hydrogel demonstrates excellent biocompatibility, antibacterial properties, and hemostatic ability. Both in vitro and in vivo results showed that the CSDG hydrogel accelerated blood vessel regeneration by upregulating the expression of CD31, IL-6, FGF, and VEGF, thereby promoting rapid healing of wounds. In conclusion, this study successfully prepared the CSDG hydrogel wound dressings, providing a new approach and method for the development of hydrogel dressings based on natural macromolecules.
Production, characterization, and potential phenol content of various grades liquid smoke made from coconut shell waste (Cocos nucifera L.)
Authors: Masfria  , Syahputra H , Wahyuni H S , Zebua N F , Rahmansyah W 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Liquid smoke contains various compounds that can be grouped into groups of phenolic compounds, acids, and groups of carbonyl compounds. These compound groups act as antimicrobials, antioxidants, flavoring, and coloring agents. Because liquid smoke can act as an antimicrobial and antioxidant, liquid smoke can be used as a preservative. Liquid smoke is classified as grade 3, 2, and 1 according to its properties and applications. The results of this research are phytochemical analysis for all variations of liquid smoke, showing the content of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, and steroids/triterpenoids. The characterization results of various grades liquid smoke (3; 2; 1) respectively are yield (9.75% w/w; 60%v/v; 50.9%v/v), pH value (2.68; 2.46; 2.42), total acid (13.44%; 14.34%; 17.36%), specific gravity of (1.0499; 1.0435; 1.0421 g/mL), total phenol content (23.0186; 12.3135; 7.8879), Pb and Cd levels of 0.218; 0.207; 0.202 mg/L and 0.019; 0.010; 0.008mg/L. Identification using UV-Vis and FTIR spectrophotometry. Isolation using thin-layer chromatography showed that it contained flavonoids with an Rf value of 0.31, 0.31, 0.29. The conclusion was that various grades liquid smoke can be produced with appropriate characteristics and have high total phenol potential.
Effect of methanol purity on biodiesel production from lauric acid using esterification reaction
Authors: Burmana A D , Alexander V , Tambun R , Haryanto B , Sarah M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Indonesia is a leading country in agriculture, thus opening up great opportunities for the development of biodiesel. However, the main challenge is ensuring the sustainable acquisition of feedstock, including using methanol as a reactant to manufacture biodiesel. Making biodiesel using lower-purity methanol is possible. This study aims to compare the effect of methanol purity on biodiesel manufacturing. This research uses esterification reactions to manufacture biodiesel from lauric acid and methanol. The catalyst used is an amberlyst catalyst. A design was applied using catalyst amounts of 5% to 20% and variations in the purity of methanol from 95% to 99%. The best esterification reaction conditions are obtained at 99% methanol purity and 20% catalyst amount, which is 98.9%. In contrast, there is no significant difference in results for the flash point obtained, and the results obtained have met the standards of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).
Physical properties of pectin edible film with kepok banana blossom filler as food packaging
Authors: Al Fath M T , Sarah M , Hasibuan G C R , Alifia K , Siagian A , Natasya T 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Kepok banana blossom is a part of banana plants that provide high antioxidant content. An antioxidant is defined as a component that can reduce the microbial activity of edible film. This research aims to determine the effect of kepok banana blossom on the physical properties of edible film. The material used in this research is kepok banana blossom which is obtained from a local market in Medan, Sumatera Utara. Pectin edible film was made by using the casting solution method which includes 0 wt%, 1.wt%, 3 wt%, 5wt%, 7wt%, and 9 wt% of kepok banana blossom as fillers. The physical properties of the edible film are observed by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), density test, and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR). FTIR resulting from edible film indicates the decreased functional group along with the additional filler concentrations of 5%. The SEM result of the edible film shows the form of fibers and the fibers cover the cavity. To conclude kepok banana blossom as a filler has an influence on the value of the antimicrobial index on the edible film.
Characterization of a bioplastic spoon based on kepok banana (Musa acuminata balbisiana C.) starch with the addition of areca nut shells (Areca catechu L.) and glycerol
Authors: Dalimunthe N F , Ambarita E D , Barus L E , Hanief S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Bioplastic spoon is one of the complementary packaging for food products, especially instant food, its massive use makes plastic spoon waste contribute to reduce the plastic waste that is dumped into the environment. This study aims to produce and characterize bioplastic spoons made from kepok banana peel starch with areca nut shells as fillers and glycerol as plasticizer which is environmentally friendly. This study consisted of four stages, such as the stage of making Kepok Banana Peel starch, the stage of extracting cellulose rind of Areca Nut, the stage of making bioplastic spoons and the stage of testing parameters. Various concentration of the cellulose (0%; 5%; 15%; and 20% w/w) and glycerol (0 mL; 2 mL; 3 mL and 5 mL) was added to the mixture that contain 8 g of kepok banana peel starch and 150 mL of aquadest. Then, the mixture was moulded to spoon mold that made from flexi glass material and dried in an oven at a temperature of 60 0C for 5 hours and stored in the desiccator. The results showed that the properties of the bioplastic spoon such as tensile strength were decreased while more concentration of the areca nut shells and Glycerol was added. For the elongation of the bioplastic spoon, the addition of areca nut shells and glycerol can increased the elongation of bioplastic spoon. The SEM results show that the bioplastic spoon have a rough or unsmooth surface due to undissolved starch and cellulose fibers. Meanwhile for the biodegradation of the bioplastic spoon, the addition of areca nut shells and glycerol can increased the biodegradation of bioplastic spoon. In conclusion, these results indicate that the addition of areca nut shells and glycerol affects the properties of bioplastic spoon.
Analysis of the role of local government in the prevention of environmental damage of Lake Toba, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Eriza F , Ginting R , Marpaung N 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the evaluation of the Lake Toba Priority Tourism Master Plan (LTPTMP) for the year 2022. Employing a qualitative research design, the research utilizes a thematic approach. Data collection involves interviews, observations, focus group discussions (FGDs), and document studies. The selection of informants is done through purposive sampling. Thematic analysis is employed for data analysis. Findings indicate that key stakeholders, such as local governments and ministries, exhibit a good understanding and implementation of the LTPTMP. However, the community and Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the Lake Toba region lack awareness and knowledge regarding the LTPTMP. Challenges in implementing the plan include issues like lake water pollution, deforestation, the presence of waste, especially in tourist-frequented areas, low public understanding and awareness of resource conservation, and inadequate management by the Regional Government. Furthermore, the incomplete infrastructure network hampers visitors’ ability to explore various sites.