bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human papillomavirus infection in a population‐based sample of women in Algiers, Algeria
Authors: Hammouda Doudja , Clifford Gary M. , Pallardy Sophie , Ayyach Ghassan , Chékiri Asma , Boudrich Arab , Snijders Peter J.F. , van Kemenade Folkert J. , Meijer Chris J.L.M. , Bouhadef Anissa , Zitouni Zahia , Habib Djamila , Ikezaren Nadia , Franceschi Silvia 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNo data exist on the population prevalence of, nor risk factors for, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the predominantly Muslim countries of Northern Africa. Cervical specimens were obtained from 759 married women aged 15–65 years from the general population of Algiers, Algeria. Liquid‐based cytology and HPV DNA detection, using a GP5+/6+‐based polymerase chain reaction assay that detects 44 HPV types, were performed according to the standardized protocol of the International Agency for Research on Cancer HPV Prevalence Surveys. HPV prevalence in the general population was 6.3% (4.0% of high‐risk types), with no significant variation by age. The prevalence of cervical abnormalities was 3.6%. HPV positivity was significantly higher among divorced women, women in polygamous marriages and those reporting husband's extramarital sexual relationships. HPV16/18 accounted for only 15% of HPV‐positive women in the general population, compared with 77% of invasive cervical cancer diagnosed in the same city. In conclusion, we report that HPV infection among married women in Algeria is much lower than in sub‐Saharan Africa and also lower than in the majority of high‐resource countries.
Thioredoxin reductase activity at the surface of human primary cutaneous melanomas and their surrounding skin
Authors: Schallreuter Karin U. , Jänner Michael , Mensing Hartwig , Breitbart Eckard W. , Berger Jürgen , Wood John M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPlasma membrane‐associated thioredoxin reductase activities have been determined on primary melanoma tissues and their surrounding skin in 29 patients. Compared to patient's normal skin, enzyme activities in melanoma were higher in some patients (n = 24) and lower in others (n = 5). Those melanomas with high TR activities yielded low activities in the adjacent epidermis, reaching normal activity 3 to 5 cm away from each primary site (n = 4). Tumors with low activities showed higher than normal activities on the immediate surrounding skin (i.e., I cm away from the tumor) compared to the normal skin (n = 3). Earlier it was shown that in both keratinocytes and melanoma cells, calcium regulates thioredoxin reductase activity by an allosteric mechanism. The differences in TR activities within the high and low groups may be caused by a calcium flux between the primary tumor and the surrounding epidermis, and Wee versa. A comparison of TR activities to tumor invasiveness (Breslow level) in 28 primary melanomas showed a significant correlation using regression analysis (p = 0.031). A 4‐fold difference in TR activity corresponds to a one‐unit change in Breslow determination. These preliminary results suggest that TR activity may be another useful and sensitive assay for melanoma spread.
Case‐control study of risk factors for cervical neoplasia in Denmark. I: Role of the “male factor” in women with one lifetime sexual partner
Authors: Kjaer Susanne K. , de Villiers Ethel‐Michele , Dahl Claus , Engholm Gerda , Bock Johannes E. , Vestergaard Bent F. , Lynge Elsebeth , Jensen Ole M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPossible risk factors for cervical cancer were investigated in 645 women, 20–49 years of age from Copenhagen, with histologically confirmed cervical cancer or carcinoma in situ and in 614 controls drawn at random from the female population of the same area. To study the role of the “male factor”, monogamous cases and controls together with their husbands were invited for further examination. This included a personal interview, a blood sample for analysis of herpes simplex virus antibodies, and a penile swab for papillomavirus analysis. In total, 41 case couples and 90 control couples were enrolled (89% and 92% of eligibles, respectively). The most significant risk determinants were a history of genital warts in the male (RR = 17.9 for ever vs. never) and ever having used condoms (RR = 0.2). Other potentially important factors, although not statistically significant, were ever having visited prostitutes (RR = 2.6, p = 0.14), circumcision (RR = 0.3, p=0.18), and a history of genital warts in the female (RR = 4.6, p= 0.09). Having a husband with a history of multiple sexual partners was also associated with an increased crude risk, but when adjustment was made for husband ever having had genital warts, use of condom, and age, no significant excess risk was observed. Human papillomavirus DNA, which was tested for with ViraPap and ViraType, was detected in one of the controls, and in only 2 case husbands. This study points to the importance of “high‐risk males” for the development of cervical cancer in their sexual partner; the results support the infectious nature of the disease.
Selective homing of phenotypically lytic cells within nasopharyngeal carcinoma biopsies: Numerous CD8‐ and CD16‐positive cells in the tumor
Authors: Lakhdar M. , Aribia M. H. Ben , Maalej M. , Ladgham A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe present a comparative analysis of cell‐mediated immunity between circulating lymphocytes and tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Phenotypic analysis using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to define lymphocytic subsets has revealed a selective homing of phenotypically lytic cells such as CD8‐and CD 16‐positive cells, but a low percentage of macrophages when compared to PBL of NPC patients. Also, PBL and TIL contain an equivalent percentage of activated T‐lymphocytes expressing HLA‐DR molecules and IL‐2 receptors. Functionally, TIL exhibit an abolished NK‐cell activity and concomitant decrease of proliferative response to phytohemaglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (ConA) stimulation when compared with PBL.
Effects of interferon‐gamma and its interaction with retinoic acid on human neuroblastoma differentiation
Authors: Wuarin L. , Verity M. A. , Sidell N. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDifferentiation‐promoting effects of interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), both alone and in combination with retinoic acid RA), were studied on the human neuroblastoma cell line, LA‐N‐5. The results show that IFN‐γ inhibited the growth and induced morphological differentiation in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner with measurable effects appearing at 20–40 IU/ml after 3 to 4 days of treatment in vitro. Acetylcholinesterase activity, used as a biochemical index of neuroblastoma differentiation, increased up to 2.5‐fold in the presence of IFN‐γ with a half maximal concentration of approximately 100 IU/ml. Concomitantly, modest IFN‐induced increases (≤2‐fold) in choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activities were seen. Combination treatment of cells with IFN‐γ and RA resulted in synergistic effects on morphological differentiation, growth inhibition and induction of ChAT. Reversal of IFN‐γ's ability to influence neuroblastoma cell growth as well as potentiate the anti‐tumor effects of RA was obtained in the presence of an antibody against the IFN‐γ receptor, implying receptor‐mediated physiological events. Taken together, these data confirm the differentiating effects of IFN‐γ on human neuroblastoma cells and suggest that combination therapy with RA may be beneficial in the treatment of this disease.
Epstein‐barr virus and gastric cancer: Data and unanswered questions
Authors: Leoncini Lorenzo , Vindigni Carla , Megha Tiziana , Funtò Ilaria , Pacenti Lorenzo , Musarò Mariantonietta , Tosi Piero , Renieri Alessandra , Seri Marco , Anagnostopoulos Joannes 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSixty‐five unselected cases of gastric cancer have been analysed for EBV DNA by polymerase chain reaction,in situhybridization and immunohistochemistry for CD21 antigen expression. Four cases were found EBV‐positive by PCR, while ISH yielded positive results in 3 of these cases, demonstrating EBV in the nuclei of cancerous cells. CD21 antigen was expressed in cancerous cells in all 3 ISH‐positive cases. All the EBV‐positive cancers of the present series were poorly to moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas with prominent lymphoid infiltration. These results are discussed also on the basis of the literature.
Corn and wheat‐flour consumption and mortality from esophageal cancer in shanxi, China
Authors: Chen Fan , Cole Philip , Mi Zhibao , Xing Li‐Ying 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn order to identify factors that may explain the great variation in mortality from esophageal cancer in Shanxi Province, China, an ecological study was carried out in 21 communes in that province. Mortality data were obtained from the registration records of the population of 148,928 during 1983 to 1988, which provided 744,640 person‐years of observation. The data regarding average consumption of each kind of grain, potatoes and sweet potatoes were from food allocation records. The data regarding consumption of meat, eggs, fruit, vegetables and the data regarding alcohol drinking were from interviews. The concentrations of nitrite and of nitrate in pickled vegetables and in drinking water were measured. A significant positive relation was found between mortality rate and the consumption of dietary corn and wheat flour. Also, a significant inverse relation was found between the mortality rate and the dietary sorghum and millet level. The age‐ and sex‐adjusted mortality‐rate ratio of esophageal cancer for residents in the third and highest quartiles of corn‐ and wheat‐flour consumption are 1.4 (95% CI: I.I ‐2.0) and 3.2 (2.5‐4.2), respectively, compared with those in the lowest quartile. Other factors studied did not contribute to the great variation in esophageal cancer mortality in the areas studied.
Detection of human papillomaviruses from histologically normal lymph nodes of Japanese cervical cancer patients by nested polymerase chain‐reaction assay
Authors: Nawa Akihiro , Kikkawa Fumitaka , Kawai Michiyasu , Mano Hisao , Goto Setsuko , Suganuma Nobuhiko , Tomoda Yutaka , Nishiyama Yukihiro , Nakashima Nobuo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTo determine the prognostic significance of human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA in histologically normal lymph nodes, we developed a nested polymerase chain‐reaction (PCR) method on HPV16, 18 and 33 DNAs for formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissues. We investigated 370 histologically normal lymph nodes from 15 patients treated for stage‐IB/IIB (FIGO) invasive cervical cancer. HPV16 DNA was detected in 7 (47%) and HPV18 DNA in 3 (20%) of the cervical cancers. Examination of histologically normal lymph nodes from these 10 patients by nested PCR revealed HPV DNA in 5 (50%) of them; in all cases HPV type in lymph nodes and tumor was the same. Two of these 5 patients had a recurrence (pelvic cavity or lung) and died of cancer, although all 5 had had pelvic radiotherapy after radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy. These findings indicate that nested PCR is useful for evaluating early lymph‐node involvement retrospectively in HPV‐positive cases.
Thrombin stimulates melanoma tumor‐cell binding to endothelial cells and subendothelial matrix
Authors: Klepfish A. , Greco M. A. , Karpatkin S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThrombin has been shown to activate tumor‐cell adhesion to platelets, fibronectin and von Willebrand factor 2‐ to 3‐fold in vitro, and enhance metastasis 10‐ to 156‐fold in vivo. We therefore elected to determine whether thrombin binds to tumor cells and whether thrombin‐treated tumor cells enhance their adhesion to endothelial cells, the first barrier to tumor invasion and metastasis. Thrombin‐treated human and hamster melanoma cells (SK‐Mel‐28 and HM‐29) enhanced their adhesion to bovine aortic endothelial cells 2.1‐ to 2.3‐fold, respectively. Similar results were obtained with bovine capillary endothelial cells. Thrombin activation of tumor cells was rapid, reaching its peak 15 min after thrombin activation; and transient, declining to baseline levels by 60 min. 125I‐thrombin bound to both SK‐Mel‐28 and HM‐29 cells in a saturation‐dependent manner, was inhibitable by unlabelled thrombin, and could be 90% washed away with buffer following 30 min of incubation. Electron microscopy of tumor cells bound to fibronectin‐coated millipore filters revealed adhesion of naive as well as thrombin‐treated tumor cells to endothelial cells and subendothelial matrix between endothelial cells. Neither mode of adhesion was preferentially enhanced by thrombin‐treated tumor cells. Both naive and thrombin‐treated SK‐Mel‐28 cells had the adhesive ligand integrin receptors: α3β1 (fibronectin, laminin, collagen); α5β1 (fibronectin); α,βx (vitronectin). Receptors for the β2 integrin family (LFA‐1 and Mac‐1) were not found, nor were receptors of the β3 integrin family, GPIIIa. The receptor ligands fibronectin and vitronectin were present. None of the above receptors or ligands increased their density or appeared de novo after thrombin stimulation. Thus, 2 melanoma cell lines have thrombin receptors which, when occupied, lead to enhanced adhesion of tumor cells to endothelium and subendothelial matrix.
Relevance of DT‐diaphorase activity to mitomycin C (MMC) efficacy on human cancer cells: Differences in in vitro and in vivo systems
Authors: Nishiyama Masahiko , Saeki Shuji , Aogi Kenjiro , Hirabayashi Naoki , Toge Tetsuya 
Published: July 2010

AbstractUsing 4 human cancer cell lines, 4 tumors xenografted into nude mice, and 11 fresh tumor specimens removed at surgery, we investigated the relevance of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (DT‐diaphorase, DTD) activity (nmoles/min/mg protein) to mitomycin C (MMC)‐induced cytotoxicity. In culture cell lines, KB cells had significantly higher levels of DTD activity (8260) than PH101 (1934), SH101 (1805) or K562 (1796), and the highest sensitivity to MMC. In contrast, the higher the DTD activity of xenografts, the greater their resistance to MMC, while the inhibition rate of relative tumor growth for MMC, as evaluated by the NCI protocol, was highest in SH‐6, high in CH‐5, lower in CH‐4 and lowest in EH‐6. The investigation using 11 fresh tumor specimens also showed an inverse relationship between IC50 values after a 30‐min MMC treatment, as evaluated by ATP assay and DTD activities. Moreover, a non‐toxic DTD inhibitor, dicoumarol (DIC), or flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), suppressed the efficacy of MMC in culture cells, but enhanced it in xenografts. Thus, we suggest that DTD may play an important role in MMC‐induced cytotoxicity but MMC metabolism by DTD in solid tumors may differ from that in culture cells.
Altered dexamethasone responsiveness and loss of growth control in tumorigenic mouse lung cell lines
Authors: Droms Kurt A. , Hanson Laurie A. , Beer David G. , Malkinson Alvin M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGlucocorticoid hormones induce differentiation, inhibit proliferation, and, in mice, reduce carcinogen‐induced tumorigenesis of lung epithelial cells. Therefore we examined dexamethasone effects on tumorigenic and non‐tumorigenic mouse lung epithelial‐derived cell lines. Non‐tumorigenic cells were growth inhibited and exhibited CAT activity in pMMTV‐CAT transfectants in response to dexamethasone. Tumorigenic cell lines exhibited a range of responses to dexamethasone. While one tumorigenic line was growth‐inhibited and responsive in CAT assays, 2 other tumorigenic cell lines were unresponsive both in CAT and in growth assays. A fourth tumorigenic cell line exhibited intermediate sensitivity in CAT assays and was actually growth‐enhanced by dexamethasone. Although no difference between cell lines was observed in the abundance of glucocorticoid receptor protein on Western blots, the least dexamethasone‐responsive tumorigenic lines exhibited very little binding of 3H‐dexamethasone. Clones of turnorigenic lines stably transfected with the rat glucocorticoid receptor gene were more dexarnethasone‐sensitive in CAT assays and were growthinhibited by dexamethasone. These data suggest that the neoplastic progression of cell lines derived from mouse lung frequently involves the acquisition of diminished glucocorticoid responsiveness.
Conditional expression and oncogenicity of c‐myc linked to a CD2 gene dominant control region
Authors: Stewart M. , McFarlane R. , Cameron E. , Lang K. , Campbell M. , Toth S. , Onions D. , Neil J. C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOver‐expression of the c‐myc gene is widely implicated in the genesis of lymphoid neoplasia, including tumours of the T‐cell lineage. To study the effects of deregulated c‐myc expression on T‐cell development and oncogenesis, we sought to generate a transgenic mouse model in which c‐myc expression was targeted specifically to the T‐cell lineage. A plasmid construct containing a dominant control region (DCR) from the human CD2 locus linked 5′ to the human c‐myc gene was used to generate 2 lines of transgenic mice. Both strains developed thymic lymphoma at low frequency, but thymic development and peripheral T‐cell numbers were otherwise apparently normal. Low tumour penetrance was consistent with the observed lack of stable CD2‐myc transgene mRNA in tissues of healthy transgenic mice. In contrast, transgene RNA was detected in all malignant tumours as well as in early lymphomatous lesions. RNase protection analyses confirmed these findings and showed that the PI human c‐myc promoter was active in all neoplastic tissues but not in the thymus or other tissues of healthy transgenic mice. Despite the low spontaneous tumour incidence, the presence of the transgene markedly and uniformly accelerated the onset of tumours after neonatal infection with Moloney murine leukaemia virus. All tumours were rearranged for T‐cell receptor f3‐chain genes and were of T‐cell origin from their surface phenotype (Thy‐I +. CD3+, CD4+/‐, CDB+, slg‐). Virus‐accelerated tumours contained clonal integrations of Moloney murine leukaemia virus, suggesting that proviral insertional mutagenesis may have played a role in tumour development. Analysis of several candidate myccooperating genes failed to reveal any rearrangements apart from a low frequency involving proviral insertion at the pim‐I locus. The CD2‐myc mouse should therefore be a valuable system in screening for novel myc‐collaborating genes involved in T‐cell lymphoma.
Flow cytometric DNA ploidy defines patients with poor prognosis in node‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Balslev Ingegerd , Christensen Ib J. , Rasmussen Birgitte Bruun , Larsen Jørgen K. , Lykkesfeldt Anne E. , Thorpe Susan M. , Rose Carsten , Briand Per , Mouridsen Henning T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFlow cytometric DNA analysis was performed on fine‐needle aspirates from frozen tumour biopsies from 421 node‐negative, non‐adjuvantly‐treated breast‐cancer patients with a median observation time of 6.75 years. Among premenopausal patients (n = 175), those having at least one DNA “hypoploid” sub‐population defined as DNA index (DI) <0.96 or 1.44 ≤ Dl < 1.92 (n = 81) were characterized by early recurrences (log‐rank p = 0.05, Wilcoxon p = 0.007), poor overall survival (OS) (p < 0.001) and poor survival after recurrence (p < 0.001). In the postmenopausal group (n = 246), there were no significant differences among 7 different Dl classes regarding either recurrence‐free survival (RFS) or OS. S‐phase fraction (SPF), divided into quartiles, predicted OS in premenopausal patients only (p = 0.02). Conventional multivariate Cox analysis of OS in the premenopausal group revealed hypoploidy to be the only independent prognostic factor involving a relative risk (RR) of 22.8. Age ≤ 40 years was of marginal significance, whereas SPF, histological grade (WHO), oestrogen and progesterone receptor (PgR) content, tumour size and number of lymph nodes removed were excluded from the model. Application of the conventional Cox model to the premenopausal group regarding RFS was found inappropriate due to lack of proportionality of the hazards of hypoploidy, SPF and histological grade. However, introduction of time‐dependent co‐variates using 2 years as cut‐off level showed hypoploidy with a RR of 3.52 and age ≤ 40 years with a RR of 3.28 to be independent prognostic factors. In the postmenopausal group, the conventional Cox model identified the number of lymph nodes removed to be the only independent prognostic factor regarding RFS as well as OS, whereas SPF < 9% (lowest quartile) was of marginal significance in RFS analysis. Hypoploidy was correlated to high SPF, low PgR content and low differentiation, indicating that hypoploid tumours proliferate rapidly and hormone‐independently. These patients may therefore benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy administered while tumour burden and risk of drug resistance are still low. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of type‐IV collagenases in human tumor cell lines that can form liver colonies in chick embryos
Authors: Tsuchiya Yuri , Endo Yoshio , Sato Hiroshi , Okada Yasunori , Mai Masayoshi , Sasaki Takuma , Seiki Motoharu 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChick embryo has been used as a model system for evaluating the metastatic potential of tumor cells. We have previously demonstrated that expression of the tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (TIMP‐I) gene can suppress liver colonization of tumor cells in chick embryo, probably by inhibiting the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) produced by tumor cells. In an attempt to identify MMP associated with liver colonization, we examined 24 human tumor cell lines for their potential to form metastatic colonies in chick‐embryo liver after the cells had been inoculated into the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) vein. We compared the results with the mRNA expression of MMP (MMP‐1, MMP‐2, MMP‐3, MMP‐9) studied previously. Three of 8 cell lines from mesenchymal tumors (fibrosarcoma HT1080, osteosarcomas SK‐ES and MNNG/ HOS) and 2 of 16 cell lines from epithelial tumors (gastric carcinoma KKLS and bladder carcinoma T24) proliferated in the livers. MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 were the enzymes whose transcripts were more frequently expressed in these 5 metastatic cell lines (MMP‐1; 2/5, MMP‐2; 4/5, MMP‐3; 0/5, MMP‐9; 3/5), but other cell lines that did not form liver colonies expressed the transcripts at lower frequency (MMP‐2; 7/19, MMP‐9; 3/19). Although either or both MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 transcripts were expressed in 4 of the 5 metastatic cell lines, they were undetectable in T24 cells. However, induced expression of both enzymes was detected by immunostaining in the T24 cells colonized in the liver. Thus, type‐IV collagenases expressed by tumor cells may play a role in facilitating colonization in chick embryos. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression pattern of breast‐cancer‐associated protein pS2/BCEI in colorectal tumors
Authors: Welter C. , Theisinger B. , Rio M.‐C. , Seitz G. , Schüder G. , Blin N. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRecently, several carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract were tested for pS2/BCEI activity, a gene isolated from breast‐cancer cells and coding for a small secreted peptide. In the latter tumors, its activity is under estrogen control; surprisingly, it was also found expressed in carcinomas of the stomach, biliary tract and pancreas. We have now investigated the expression of this gene in 64 colorectal carcinomas, 31 adenomas and 13 polyps in comparison with their matrix tissues by applying molecular (RNA analysis) and immunohistochemical (pS2 antibody) techniques. Positive pS2 immunostaining (ranging from focal to strong immunoreaction) was noted in 89% of human colon cancers, while 11% remained negative. Furthermore, all 40 transitional mucosae were strongly positive, whereas normal mucosa was negative. Of hyperplastic polyps, 68.2% displayed a significant immunoreaction, and 80.6% of adenomas were focally positive. Finally, 6 out of 16 cases showed significant pS2 transcription in Northern blot analysis. These data clearly indicate that the breast‐cancer‐associated pS2 protein also plays an as yet undetermined role in the tumorigenesis of human colorectal carcinomas. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.