bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reappraisal of the ‘Cullenstown Formation’: Implications for the Lower Palaeozoic tectonic history of SE Ireland
Authors: Bennett M. C. , Dunne W. M. , Todd S. P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe structurally attenuated greenschist facies metasedimentary succession at Cullenstown Strand in south Co. Wexford comprises three formations which in stratigraphic order are (1) the Quartzite Formation, (2) the Greywacke/Quartzite Formation, and (3) the Greywacke Formation. The entire sequence is inverted and lies within the lower limb of a large scale overturned D1 anticlinal structure that closes towards the southeast. The three formations are lithologically and sedimentologically similar to the Shelmaliere Quartzite, the Cullentra Greywacke, and Newtown Greywacke Formations of the Bray Group in the Forth Mountain ‐ Ferrycarrig area that probably lie on the normal limb of the D1 structure. The Cullenstown strata are therefore considered to be part of the Bray Group in southeast Leinster, and hence Cambrian in age.The rocks were affected by three major phases of deformation. D1 produced an overturned anticline containing an important tectonic slide. The D1 structures are modified by upright D2 and D3 structures, but from regional considerations it is argued that D1 is restricted to strata of Cambrian to Lower Ordovician age in southeast Leinster.A model for the tectonic evolution of the southeastern part of the Leinster Basin during Cambro‐Ordovician times is presented and discussed. In this model, the southeast margin of the Leinster Basin was delineated by a mylonite zone along the northwest margin of the Precambrian Rosslare Complex. Bray and Ribband Group sediments close to the margin were deformed during the Llanvirn as a consequence of basin inversion which caused shortening and thrusting of the basin fill across the Rosslare block. The D1 compressional structures were subsequently modified during a period of extension, marked by the resumption of sedimentation and outbreak of voluminous volcanicity near the basin margin during the Llandeilo and Caradoc. The D2 and D3 structures in the Bray and Ribband Groups are an expression of later Caledonian deformation.
Timing of Cadomian and Variscan tectonothermal activity, La Hague and Alderney, North Armorican Massif: Evidence from 40Ar/39Ar mineral ages
Authors: Dallmeyer R. D. , D'Lemos R. S. , Strachan R. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe La Hague region of northwest France exposes Palaeo‐Proterozoic Icartian gneisses which were reworked and intruded by calc‐alkaline plutonic rocks during the Cadomian Orogeny (about 700–500 Ma). 40Ar/39Ar mineral cooling ages have been determined to clarify the timing of the regional metamorphism of orthogneisses and the emplacement of quartz diorite plutons in this region. Metamorphic amphiboles within Icartian gneisses display discordant 40Ar/39Ar apparent age spectra interpreted to result from limited Variscan (about 350–300 Ma) overprinting of intracrystalline argon systems which initially cooled through post‐metamorphic hornblende closure temperatures during the Cadomian at about 600 Ma. Igneous hornblendes from the weakly foliated Jardeheu and Moulinet quartz diorites record isotope correlation ages of 599 ± 2 and 561 ± 2 Ma, respectively. Igneous hornblende and biotite from foliated quartz diorite on the nearby Channel Island of Alderney record isotope correlation ages of about 560 Ma. The results imply that metamorphic and plutonic events in the La Hague‐Alderney region were approximately contemporaneous with those recorded on Guernsey and Sark, which are thus likely to have formed part of the same tectonic block during the Cadomian Orogeny.
The Bocchigliero Palaeozoic sequence in the context of the Calabrian–Peloritan Hercynian Range (Italy)
Authors: Acquafredda P. , Lorenzoni S. , Lorenzoni E. Zanettin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe Calabrian–Peloritan Hercynian Range includes three weakly metamorphosed Palaeozoic sequences cropping out in north‐eastern Sila (Bocchigliero sequence), southern Sila, Serre and Aspromonte (Stilo sequence), and in the Peloritan Mountains (Peloritan sequence). The work reported here considers the Bocchigliero sequence and comprises part of a geological, petrological and geochemical research programme on the Palaeozoic evolution of the Calabrian–Peloritan Arc.The Bocchigliero sequence constitutes the lower tectonic unit of the Hercynian Caiabrian–Peloritan Range and is overthrusted by the metamorphic Mandatoriccio Unit. The Bocchigliero sequence is a terrigenous–carbonate–volcanic association, is affected byclow grade metamorphism, contains Cambro‐Ordovician fossils and extends in age from the Cambrian to the Devonian. The terrigenous material is represented by meta‐arenites and metapelites (Cambrian–Devonian); the volcanics include metatuffites (Cambrian and Ordovician), metabasalts (Cambro‐Ordovician), metaandesites and metarhyolites (Ordovician and Siluro‐Devonian); limestone beds are present in the Devonian. It is believed that the Palaeozoic Bocchigliero basin formed in the Cambrian on a continental crust in which the rocks constituting today's Mandatoriccio Unit were located at 3–8 km depth. The crustal thinning in the Cambro‐Ordovician led to fracturing and upwelling of alkaline within‐plate basaltic magmas, whereas in the Ordovician the thinning took place under conditions of higher plasticity. In this latter period an increase in temperature resulting from mantle upwelling produced crustal partial melts of andesite and rhyolite composition. In addition, this thermal uprise was responsible for regional metamorphism characterized by low pressures and by the absence of penetrative deformation. The effects of this metamorphism are well developed in the rocks of the Mandatoriccio Unit. In the Silurian and Devonian, progressive closing of the basin took place. The Palaeozoic sequence was then subjected to Variscan low pressure–low temperature metamorphism and Alpine deformation.
Basaltic magmatism related to the early stages of rifting along the Benue Trough: The Obudu dolerites of south‐east Nigeria
Authors: Ekwueme Barth N. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDolerites of the Obudu Plateau of south‐eastern Nigeria occur predominantly as dykes cutting Precambrian basement gneisses. Minor dolerite sills have also been mapped. The dolerites are dominantly olivine tholeiites and are geochemically of the oceanic basalt type. They were emplaced in a within‐plate tectonic setting and yield a 40Ar/39Ar plateau age of 140.5 ± 0.7 Ma, which is interpreted as the age of their emplacement. This age indicates that the Obudu dolerites are the products of basic magmatism related to the early stages of rifting along the Benue Trough of Nigeria. The Obudu dolerites are comparable with Mesozoic tholeiitic dykes of the northern Amazon craton, whose intrusion preceded the break‐up of Africa and South America.
The Baltica–lapetus passive margin dyke complex in the Sarektjåkkå Nappe, northern Swedish Caledonides
Authors: Svenningsen Olaf M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe polymetaphoric Seve Nappe Complex (SNC) of the Scandinavian Caledonides contains sequences representing the passive margin between continental Baltica and the Iapetus Ocean. The Sarektjåkkå Nappe in the SNC consists of sedimentary rocks intruded by mafic dykes that constitute 70–80 per cent of the nappe and frequently form sheeted dyke complexes. The internal parts of the Sarektjåkkå Nappe escaped penetrative deformation and metamorphism during Caledonian nappe transport and primary igneous relations are preserved. A sequence of nine dyke generations have been identified in a sheeted dyke complex in one well exposed area (Favorithällen). The alteration in this dyke complex was triggered by heat in connection with the dyke emplacement; overprint from Caledonian regional metamorphism cannot be demonstrated. Neither the relative age of a dyke in the dyke complex, nor the contact metamorphism caused by the emplacement of subsequent dykes had any detectable effect on the chemical composition of the dykes. The chemical composition of the diabases thus reflects the composition of the magma. Xenoliths of diabase and various types of gabbro are not uncommon and represent wallrock sampling during intrusion. Irregular patches of static alteration reveal the presence of fluids (brines), probably derived from metaevaporites in the wallrock, during the period of dyke intrusion. Scapolite rich dioritic–quartz dioritic inclusions and veins formed by partial or complete melting of wallrock xenoliths. A Sm–Nd age determination indicates a crystallization age of 573 ± 74 Ma for the Sarek diabase, coinciding with the Vendian–Early Cambrian period of global continental break‐up. Geophysical data from continent–ocean transitions at modern passive margins agree well with the structure of the Sarektjåkkå Nappe. It is suggested that the Sarek dyke complexes were intruded during the initial stages of seafloor spreading in the Iapetus or pre‐Iapetus Ocean.
Temporal expression pattern of adhesion genes in human oral mucosal keratinocytes on type IV collagen‐coated titanium
Authors: Takeuchi Satoru , Matsunaga Taku , Yamamoto Gou , Baba Kazuyoshi , Tachikawa Tetsuhiko 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe cell adhesion extracellular matrix (ECM), and the cell adhesive system mediate various adhesion molecules. Cell adhesion regulates proliferation and differentiation. However, the cell adhesive systems between titanium and epithelial cells are still not clearly understood. In this study, we cultured human epithelial cells on type IV collagen‐coated titanium (TiCol‐4) and non‐coated titanium (Ti). We used titanium disks of 30 mm diameter and 1.0 mm thickness. The titanium disks were first abraded using #800, #1200, #2400, and #4000 diamond pads and 0.3 μm alumina, and then washed with acetone, ethanol, and ultra‐pure water in an ultrasonic cleaner for 10 min each. Human oral keratinocytes (hOMK) were seeded with 5.0 × 104 cells on TiCol‐4 and Ti and placed in 6‐well culture dishes. The cell adhesion examination was conducted with a Cell Coulter Counter after 1, 3, and 5 h. hOMK were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Real‐time PCR was performed with four primers: gene laminin β3, integrin β4, integrin α1, and integrin α3. The results suggest that TiCol‐4 could be used as a means for obtaining better hOMK than Ti. Type IV collagen could provide an excellent substratum for hOMK attachment on titanium surfaces. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Platelet‐rich fibrin modulates the expression of extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinase and osteoprotegerin in human osteoblasts
Authors: Chang I‐Chang , Tsai Chung‐Hung , Chang Yu‐Chao 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPlatelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) by Choukroun's technique is produced in a totally natural manner, without using anticoagulant during blood harvest nor bovine thrombin and calcium chloride for platelet activation and fibrin polymerization. When delicately pressed between two gauzes, the PRF clot becomes a strong membrane with high potential in clinical application and tissue engineering. In this study, blood collection was carried out from healthy volunteers. Osteoblast cell line U2OS was used to evaluate the cell proliferation resulting from PRF by using colorimetric assay. Western blot was employed to evaluate the expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinase (p‐ERK), receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappa B ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in U2OS cells. PRF was found to increase osteoblast proliferation during 5 day incubation period (p < 0.05). PRF was found to increase ERK phosphorylation in U2OS cells (p < 0.05). OPG was significantly elevated by the stimulation with PRF (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant change in RANKL expression (p > 0.05). Taken together, PRF can stimulate osteoblasts proliferation. The activation of p‐ERK and OPG expression by PRF suggests a potential role for new bone formation. The application of PRF may provide the benefit for the bone regeneration. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Inequivalence of substitution pairs in hydroxynaphthaldehyde: A theoretical measurement by intramolecular hydrogen bond strength, aromaticity, and excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer reaction
Authors: Mahanta Subrata , Paul Bijan Kumar , Balia Singh Rupashree , Guchhait Nikhil 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe inequivalence of substitution pair positions of naphthalene ring has been investigated by a theoretical measurement of hydrogen bond strength, aromaticity, and excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reaction as the tools in three substituted naphthalene compounds viz 1‐hydroxy‐2‐naphthaldehyde (HN12), 2‐hydroxy‐1‐naphthaldehyde (HN21), and 2‐hydroxy‐3‐naphthaldehyde (HN23). The difference in intramolecular hydrogen bond (IMHB) strength clearly reflects the inequivalence of substitution pairs where the calculated IMHB strength is found to be greater for HN12 and HN21 than HN23. The H‐bonding interactions have been explored by calculation of electron density ρ(r) and Laplacian ∇2ρ(r) at the bond critical point using atoms in molecule method and by calculation of interaction between σ* of OH with lone pair of carbonyl oxygen atom using NBO analysis. The ground and excited state potential energy surfaces (PESs) for the proton transfer reaction at HF (6‐31G**) and DFT (B3LYP/6‐31G**) levels are similar for HN12, HN21 and different for HN23. The computed aromaticity of the two rings of naphthalene moiety at B3LYP/6‐31G** method also predicts similarity between HN12 and HN21, but different for HN23. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
Optimizing energy functions for protein–protein interface design
Authors: Sharabi Oz , Yanover Chen , Dekel Ayelet , Shifman Julia M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractProtein design methods have been originally developed for the design of monomeric proteins. When applied to the more challenging task of protein–protein complex design, these methods yield suboptimal results. In particular, they often fail to recapitulate favorable hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions across the interface. In this work, we aim to improve the energy function of the protein design program ORBIT to better account for binding interactions between proteins. By using the advanced machine learning framework of conditional random fields, we optimize the relative importance of all the terms in the energy function, attempting to reproduce the native side‐chain conformations in protein–protein interfaces. We evaluate the performance of several optimized energy functions, each describes the van der Waals interactions using a different potential. In comparison with the original energy function, our best energy function (a) incorporates a much “softer” repulsive van der Waals potential, suitable for the discrete rotameric representation of amino acid side chains; (b) does not penalize burial of polar atoms, reflecting the frequent occurrence of polar buried residues in protein–protein interfaces; and (c) significantly up‐weights the electrostatic term, attesting to the high importance of these interactions for protein–protein complex formation. Using this energy function considerably improves side chain placement accuracy for interface residues in a large test set of protein–protein complexes. Moreover, the optimized energy function recovers the native sequences of protein–protein interface at a higher rate than the default function and performs substantially better in predicting changes in free energy of binding due to mutations. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
A large decoy set of protein–protein complexes produced by flexible docking
Authors: Launay Guillaume , Simonson Thomas 
Published: July 2010

AbstractComputational methods are needed to help characterize the structure and function of protein–protein complexes. To develop and improve such methods, standard test problems are essential. One important test is to identify experimental structures from among large sets of decoys. Here, a flexible docking procedure was used to produce such a large ensemble of decoy complexes. In addition to their use for structure prediction, they can serve as a proxy for the nonspecific, protein–protein complexes that occur transiently in the cell, which are hard to characterize experimentally, yet biochemically important. For 202 homodimers and 41 heterodimers with known X‐ray structures, we produced an average of 1217 decoys each. The structures were characterized in detail. The decoys have rather large protein–protein interfaces, with at least 45 residue–residue contacts for every 100 contacts found in the experimental complex. They have limited intramonomer deformation and limited intermonomer steric conflicts. The decoys thoroughly sample each monomer's surface, with all the surface amino acids being part of at least one decoy interface. The decoys with the lowest intramonomer deformation were analyzed separately, as proxies for nonspecific protein–protein complexes. Their interfaces are less hydrophobic than the experimental ones, with an amino acid composition similar to the overall surface composition. They have a poorer shape complementarity and a weaker association energy, but are no more fragmented than the experimental interfaces, with 2.1 distinct patches of interacting residues on average, compared to 2.6 for the experimental interfaces. The decoys should be useful for testing and parameterizing docking methods and scoring functions; they are freely available as PDB files at http://biology.polytechnique.fr/decoys. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
Two cases of vasa previa diagnosed prenatally using three‐dimensional ultrasonography
Authors: Mabuchi Yasushi , Yamoto Mareo , Minami Sawako , Boshi Eiji , Yagi Shigetaka , Oba Nami , Tanaka Kazuharu , Umesaki Naohiko 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe report two cases in which we describe the impact of sonography (US) in the management of vasa previa. In the first case, with two‐dimensional US, the diagnosis of vasa previa was made at 21 weeks gestation. In the second case, using three‐dimensional US, the diagnosis of vasa previa was made at 19 weeks gestation. An elective Cesarean section was carried out at 34 weeks in both cases. Diagnosis of vasa previa is critical when low‐lying placenta or velamentous insertion of the umbilical cord is detected during the pregnancy. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 38:389‐392, 2010
Doppler sonography of ocular and carotid arteries in Behçet patients
Authors: Akçar Nevbahar , Göktekin Feyza , Özer Ahmet , Korkmaz Cengiz 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPurpose.To evalute by Doppler sonography carotid and ocular hemodynamics in Behçet disease with and without ocular involvement.Methods.Seventy‐six patients with Behçet disease (BD) were separated into three groups: with active uveitis, with inactive uveitis, and without uveitis, and compared with 23 controls. We used duplex Doppler sonography to measure peak systolic (PSV), end‐diastolic (EDV), and time‐averaged mean (Vmean) blood flow velocity in the ophthalmic, central retinal (CRA), temporal posterior ciliary, nasal posterior ciliary (NPCA), common carotid (CCA), internal carotid (ICA) arteries, and maximum flow velocity (Vmax) in the central retinal veins. We then calculated resistance and pulsatility indexes of all arteries. Comparisons were carried out by two‐way ANOVA and Holm‐Sidak method.Results.Only two patients (2.6%) had atherosclerotic plaques, without significant hemodynamic consequence. Patients with uveitis had significantly lower ICA PSV and EDV (p < 0.05), and lower CRA PSV, EDV, and Vmean (p < 0.001) than controls. Patients with active uveitis had lower NPCA PSV and EDV than patients without uveitis or controls (p < 0.01). There were no differences in temporal posterior ciliary, ophthalmic, and CCA PSV, EDV, and in Vmean between groups (p > 0.05). Patients with uveitis had lower central retinal veins Vmax than patients without uveitis and than controls (p < 0.01). Resistance index, pulsatility index of retrobulbar arteries, CCA, and ICA were similar in the four groups (p > 0.05).Conclusions.Patients with Behçet disease and ocular involvement have lower CRA, CRV, NPCA, and ICA blood flow velocities than healthy volunteers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2010
2,1‐Benzisothiazoline 2,2‐dioxide and derivatives
Authors: Chiarino Dario , Contri Anna Maria 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSynthesis of new 2,1‐benzisothiazoline 2,2‐dioxides 1 and some of its benzene ring substitution derivatives was accomplished by two different methods of cyclisation. Also a number of new N‐substituted derivatives, obtained by treatment of 1 and analogues with aliphatic and aromatic acid chlorides are described.
Imidazolyl derivatives of the chroman ring 3
Authors: Cozzi Paolo , Pillan Antonio 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe synthesis of 2‐methyl‐3‐(1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)‐4H‐1‐benzopyran‐4‐ones 4 is described starting from 2‐acetoxybenzoyl chlorides and 1,2‐dimethylimidazole. Chromones 4 undergo alkaline ring opening to the corresponding 1‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐2‐(1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)ethenols 5 which give ring closure to 2‐substituted 3‐(1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)‐4H‐1‐benzopyran‐4‐ones or 2,3‐dihydro‐3‐(1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)‐4H‐1‐benzopyran‐4‐ones. The corresponding chromanols and chromenes can be easily obtained from chromones 4.
N‐demethylation of (±)‐6β‐acetoxy‐3‐tropinone. Synthesis of (±)‐6β‐acetoxynortropane
Authors: He Xiao‐Shu , Brossi Arnold 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNortropinone 5, prepared from 3 by N‐demethylation with trichloroethyl chloroformate, followed by deprotection of carbamate 4 with zinc in acetic acid, served as a starting material to prepare the N‐protected 6‐acetoxy ketones 7 and 9–12, and alcohols 6 and 8. Nortropane 16 was prepared from 3 by decarbonylation via dithioketal 13 followed by N‐demethylation, and from 10 by decarbonylation via dithioketal 14. When ethanol was used in the desulfurization of 14 instead of tetrahydrofuran, substantial amounts of the N‐ethylated amine 17 were produced.
Thermal rearrangement of some 3‐alkyl‐2‐aryltetrahydro‐1,3‐oxazine N‐oxides. Synthesis of 2‐alkyl‐7‐aryltetrahydro‐1,6,2‐dioxazepines
Authors: Le Lann Martine , Saba Shahrokh , Shoja Massud 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSeveral 2‐alkyl‐7‐aryltetrahydro‐1,6,2‐dioxazepines 5a‐i have been synthesized by a Meisenheimer‐type rearrangement of 3‐alkyl‐2‐aryltetrahydro‐1,3‐oxazine N‐oxides 4a‐i. These dioxazepines have not been previously described and for the first time compounds with the tetrahydro‐1,6,2‐dioxazepine ring‐system have been made available. The structure assigned to members of this novel heterocycle is based on elemental analysis, infrared, and 1H nmr spectral evidence. Further definitive evidence for the structure of these heterocycles is provided by an X‐ray crystallographic analysis of 5c.
Identification of an impurity in synthetically prepared GAZT: 4″,5″‐dehydro‐GAZT
Authors: Koble Cecilia S. , Hall William R. , Styles Virgil L. , Rideout Janet L. , Minick Doug , Cichetti James , Johnson Robert L. , Crouch Ronald C. , Martin Gary E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA minor impurity was recorded by hplc during the final purification of synthetically prepared samples of the 5′‐0‐glucuronide of azidothymidine (GAZT). Following isolation of a small quantity of this impurity by hplc, elucidation of the structure was undertaken. A combination of two‐dimensional nmr methods in conjunction with infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry were utilized to unequivocally identify the impurity as the 4″,5″‐dehydro‐5′‐O‐glucuronide of AZT (DGAZT).