bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Endometrial Cysts on Conception Rate of Mares
Authors: Tannus R. J. , Thun R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA total of 259 normally fertile mares were examined gynecologically by means of rectal palpation and ultrasonography in order to record the presence of uterine cysts and pregnancy. The incidence of endometrial cysts was 22.4%. Of the 95 cysts observed during the trial, 87.4% were located in the middle and posterior segments of both uterine horns. The size of all endometrial cysts ranged between 3 and 48 mm. When all mares were assigned to three age groups, A < 7 years (n = 116), B 7–14 years (n = 117) and C > 14 years (n = 26), a significant (P < 0.01) increase in the number of endometrial cysts was observed with advancing age (4.3%, 29.1% and 73.1%, respectively). The pregnancy rates at Days 14 and 40 were significantly (P<0.01) lower in mares with cysts (77.6% and 71.4%) compared to mares without cysts (91.5% and 88.0%). This suggests that the presence of uterine cysts plays an important role in the reduction of fertility of Thoroughbred mares.
Expression of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen in Basal Cell Carcinomas and in Squamous Cell Carcinomas of Canine Skin: Correlation with Mitotic Index and Histological Features
Authors: Maiolino P. , Restucci B. , De Vico G. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn this study we evaluated the behaviour of proliferating cell nuclear antigen labelling index (PCNA‐LI), mitotic index (MI) and histological features in ten basal cell carcinomas (BCC) and ten squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of canine skin. PCNA‐LI ranged from 2.1% to 4.8% in SCC and from 0.1% to 2.0% in BCC samples. A significant statistical correlation, between PCNA‐LI and MI could be demonstrated only in SCC, but not in BCC samples. Furthermore, PCNA‐LI was also significantly and consistently greater in the three BCC of solid type and in poorly differentiated SCC. PCNA‐LI may provide additional criterion in evaluating the intrinsic malignancy and growth potential of the above tumours.
Course of Pregnancy, Steroid Hormone Levels and Maturation Process of Placentomes after Oestrone infusion in Cows near Term
Authors: Janowski T. , Zduńczyk S. , Podhalicz‐Dziȩgielewska M. , Raś A. , Chmielewski A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe present study was designed to examine the effect of systemic oestrone infusion on the course of late pregnancy and parturition, steroid hormone concentrations and maturation of placentomes in cows. Twelve pluriparous pregnant cows with known breeding dates were used in this experiment. Starting on day 267 of pregnancy six cows (experimental group) received 20 mg oestrone daily (in four doses) infused into the vena jugularis until parturition. Six other cows infused with vehicle served as control. Concentrations of oestrone (E1), oestrone sulphate (E1S) and progesterone (P4) were measured by RIA, and after parturition placentomes were examined histologically. In experimental and control animals parturition occurred on days 276,9 ± 1,8 and 277,2 ± 1,1 of gestation, respectively. The concentrations of E1in the treated group were higher (8–12 ng/ml) than those in control animals (1–3 ng/ml), while the levels of E1S (8–14 ng/ml) were similar for both groups. The concentrations of P4in experimental and control cows were typical for late pregnancy (4–6 ng/ml), with a sharp drop of this hormone 1–2 days before calving. The histological pictures of placentomes obtained from both groups of animals were similar and maturation of the placenta was observed. These results suggest that the prepartal increase of oestrone in maternal plasma does not play a major role in the regulation of parturition and placental maturation.
Modulation of Endotoxin‐induced Andrological Alterations by Flunixin Meglumine in the Boar
Authors: Wallgren M. , Kindahl H. , Rodriguez‐Martinez H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryFlunixin meglumine (FM), an inhibitor of the cyclo‐oxygenase pathway of the prostaglandin synthesis, was used to evaluate the andrological changes following an endotoxin (ET) administration in the boar. FM was injected as a single dose 10 min prior to an ET injection. Blood plasma was analysed for the contents of 15‐ketodihydroprostaglandin (PG) F2αLH, testosterone and Cortisol. Twelve h after the ET administration, the boars were castrated and the testes examined by light and electron microscopy. The results were compared between controls, ET‐, FM‐ and FM + ET‐treated boars.An increase in 15‐ketodihydro‐PGF2αlevels was seen following ET administration. Pre treatment with FM decreased the levels of 15‐ketodihydro‐PGF2αduring 2 h. Following the ET administration a voluminous increase in testosterone levels as well as changed LH levels were seen. Similar alterations in hormonal levels were observed also after pretreatment with FM, however, delayed about 2 h, and during this time a marked decrease in testosterone levels was seen. In the testes an infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) in the interstitium and histological changes among the Leydig cells were seen after ET injection. Pretreatment with FM reduced the number of invading PMN and the Leydig cells appeared less affected.The results show that FM modulated the negative effects of ET on the testicular function in the boar, indicating that the initiation of the arachidonic acid cascade was of importance for the induction of the alterations following an ET injection.
Age‐related Morphometrical Changes of Arteries of Uterine Wall in Mares
Authors: Nambo Yasuo , Oikawa Masa‐Aki , Yoshihara Toyohiko , Kuwano Atsutoshi , Katayama Yoshinari 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTo investigate the morphological changes of uterine wall arteries associated with the progression of age in Thoroughbred broodmares, uterine wall arteries from 13 mares, aged 2 to 31 years, were studied by routine histomorphometry. The ratio of intimai thickness to external diameter increased due to hyperplasia of elastic fibers and was significantly correlated with age (r = 0.95, P < 0.001). The ratio of medial thickness to external diameter decreased and was also significantly correlated with age (r = −0.84, P < 0.001). Using electron microscopy, it was determined that the cross‐sectional area of the tunica media occupied by smooth muscle cells gradually decreased with increasing age. These results demonstrate that in arteries of the uterine wall in mares, hyperplasia of intimai elastic fiber and thinning of the medial smooth muscular layer is associated with aging, suggesting that aging may influence endometrial pathology.
Incidence and Pathomorphology of Uterine Tumours in the Cow
Authors: Garcia‐Iglesias M. J. , Bravo‐Moral A. M. , Perez‐Martinez C. , Ferreras‐Estrada M. C. , Martinez‐Rodriguez J. M. , Escudero‐Diez A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA statistical and pathological study on uterine tumours during the examination of 1489 female bovines at slaughter was carried out. A 0.4% (n = 6) incidence of uterine neoplasms, being 50% adenocarcinomas and the other 50% leiomyomas, was diagnosed. With regard to age groups, tumours were more frequent in the 11–15‐year‐old group. Two animals affected by adenocarcinoma were not fertile and they had ovarian metastasis that, to the authors' knowledge, has been cited as extremely rare in cows. An ultrastructural study of these carcinomas and their metastasis was also made. Two leiomyomas were intramural and another one was pedunculated and subserous located. All leiomyomas showed the features of old tumours.
The Effects of Intracoeliac Injections of Alpha‐adrenergic Agonists and Veratridine on Reticuloruminal Motility and the Evocation of Rumination in Sheep
Authors: Campion D. P. , Leek B. F. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe ability of alpha‐2 adrenoreceptor agonists and veratridine to evoke rumination and to modify reticular motility in adult Suffolk‐cross sheep when injected by close‐arterial injection into the forestomach was investigated. The specific alpha‐2 adrenoreceptor agonists, xylazine and medetomidine, evoked rumination and increased reticular motility. The Na+channel activator veratridine also evoked rumination and dramatically increased reticular motility. In contrast, injection of the alpha‐1 adrenoreceptor agonist, phenylephrine, was ineffectual in evoking rumination and resulted in reduced reticular motility. It is concluded that the evocation of rumination by alpha‐2 adrenergic agonists and veratridine is probably due to the activation of sensory nervous receptors (epithelial receptors) located in the reticulorumen.
Veränderungen des Kalziumgehalts im bovinen Eutersekret während des Vorbereitungsstadiums der Geburt mit Berücksichtigung der Vorhersage des Abkalbetermins
Authors: Grunert E. , Birgel E. H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryChanges in Concentration of Calcium in Bovine Udder Secretions Related to Predicting ParturitionNine heifers and 10 cows of the breed 'German Black Pied' were used in order to evaluate the practicability of measurement of changes in concentration of calcium in udder secretions during the preparatory stage of labour for the prediction of the time of calving. A gradual increase in the concentration of calcium in udder secretions ante partum (a.p.) was determined. Eleven days a.p., the average concentration of calcium was 14.2 mmol/l. Thereafter, the calcium content gradually increased and reached a mean value of 52.1 mmol/l sub partu (secretions of all udder quarters), and 52.4 mmol/l and 51.8 mmol/l in secretions of fore and hind quarters, respectively. Despite the increase in calcium, the time of calving in individual animals could not be predicted reliably, or with a high probability, because the increase in calcium content did not occur in all cows, the variation of the values was high, and the differences between values during the last 48 h a.p. were only small.ZusammenfassungZur Beurteilung der Veränderungen des Kalziumgehalts im Eutersekret während des Vorbereitungsstadiums der Geburt in Bezug auf dessen Verwendbarkeit für eine Vorhersage des Geburtstermins wurden neun Färsen und 10 Kühe der Rasse 'Deutsches Schwarzbuntes Rind' untersucht. Es konnte ein allmählicher Anstieg der Kalziumkonzentration im Eutersekret ante partum (a.p.) ermittelt werden. Elf Tage a.p. betrug der Wert durchschnittlich 14,2 mmol/l. Danach stieg der Kalziumgehalt kontinuierlich an und erreichte sub partu durchschnittlich einen Wert von 52,1 mmol/l (Sekret aller Euterviertel) sowie 52,4 mmol/l und 51,8 mmol/l (Sekret der Vorder‐ bzw. Hinterviertel). Trotz dieses Kalziumanstiegs kann der Abkalbetermin beim einzelnen Tier nicht mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit vorhergesagt werden, da ein deutlicher Anstieg der Kalziumkonzentration im Eutersekret speziell in den letzten 71‐48 Stunden a.p. nicht nachweisbar und die Streuung der Werte sehr groß ist. Zudem erfolgt nicht bei allen Kühen eine Erhöhung des Kalziumgehalts im Milchsekret zum Partus hin.
Messung der Aktivität der Gerinnungsfaktoren VIII:C, IX, XI und XII bei der Katze
Authors: Mischke R. , Deniz A. , Nolte I. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryMeasurements of the Activity of the Coagulation Factors VIII:C, IX, XI and XII in Cats: Using an optimized test, reference ranges were established for the activity of the coagulation factors VIII:C (72–124 %), IX (81–130 %), XI (69–134 %) and XII (51–142 %) in the cat (n = 58 cats, 2.5–97.5 % quantile).Compared to a reference curve prepared by using a cat‐pool plasma (n = 50), the factor VIII:C activity in humans (commercial human reference plasma) was 7.6%, i.e. the factor VIII:C activity in cats was 13 fold higher than in humans. The values for the factors IX, XI and XII depended distinctly on the dilution step of the human plasma. The activity of the cat in relation to humans was approximately 90 % (factor IX), 170 % (factor XI) and 135 % (factor XII).Two clinically healthy cats who were conspicuous pre‐operative because of a distinctly prolonged, activated partial thromboplastin time showed a decreased factor XII activity.ZusammenfassungMit einem optimierten Test wurden bei der Katze Referenzbereiche (n = 58 Katzen, 2,5–97,5 %‐Quantil) für die Aktivität der Gerinnungsfaktoren VIII: C (71–124 %), IX (81–130 %), XI (69–134 %) und XII (51–142 %) erstellt.Im Vergleich zu einer mit Katzenpoolplasma (n = 50) erstellten Referenzkurve wies der Mensch (kommerzielles Humanreferenzplasma) eine Faktor VIII: C‐Aktivität von 7,6 % auf, d.h. die Katze verfügt über eine etwa 13fach höhere Faktor VIII:C‐Aktivität als der Mensch. Bei den Faktoren IX, XI und XII ergaben sich hier deutlich unterschiediiche Werte in Abhängigkeit von der Verdünnung des Humanplasmas. Näherungsweise war bei der Katze die Aktivität des Faktors IX 90%, des Faktors XI 170% und des Faktors XII 135% im Vergleich zum Menschen.Zwei klinisch gesunde Katzen, die präoperativ wegen einer deutlich verlängerten aktivierten partiellen Thromboplastinzeit auffällig waren, wiesen eine verminderte Faktor XII‐Aktivität auf.
Pulmonary Ventilation, Mechanics, Gas Exchange and Haemodynamics in Calves Following Intratracheal Inoculation ofPasteurella haemolytica
Authors: Linden A. , Desmecht D. , Amory H. , Daube G. , Lecomte S. , Lekeux P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAPasteurella haemolyticaA1 broth was injected intratracheally in eight calves and measurements of pulmonary function values (PFV) were made once before and hourly post inoculation (p.i.).Changes in PFVs, included increased respiratory rate and minute ventilation (up to 158 % of baseline 2 h p.i.) and decreased tidal volume and lung dynamic compliance (up to 33 % of baseline 3 h p.i.). Total pulmonary resistance was not affected. At and after 3 h p.i. there was a progressive impairement of gas exchange, as judged from arterial O2tension which decreased up to 65 % of baseline. In contrast, arterial CO2tension was not affected. Pulmonary hypertension was observed during the 3 last h of the study and was attributable to an increased pulmonary vascular resistance. Severe neutropenia was observed at 3h p.i. and post‐mortem histological findings were consistent with an acute fibrinohemorragic bronchopneumonia.In conclusion,P. haemolyticaairway challenge unequivocally resulted in acute pneumonia, providing a reproducible pathophysiological model for investigations regarding new therapeutic strategies.
Copper‐Zinc Superoxide Dismutase (CuZnSOD) in Antioxidant Deficient Pigs
Authors: De Gritz B. G. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySix piglets, aged 4 weeks (weaning) at the beginning of the experiment, were fed a diet lacking antioxidants (vitamin E and selenium) and enriched with oxidated cod liver oil (the peroxide value of which was 112.54 meqv/kg). Four of the experimental pigs were killed for necropsy at the age of 2 months and the remaining two pigs at the age of 3 months. Two piglets from the same litter served as controls.Myodegeneration of the skeletal muscles was induced in the experimental group. Macroscopically, the condition of nutritional myodegeneration ('white muscle disease') was characterized by a pale, yellowish colour and translucence of the skeletal muscles. The livers were pale and mottled. Light microscopy revealed degenerative alterations in the heart and skeletal muscle and infiltrations by lipidic substances. The ultrastructure of some lipidic droplets was analogous to those of ceroid and lipofuscin. Peroxisomes were frequent in degenerating hepatocytes.In order to elucidate the lysosomal involvement in the residual formation, light and electron microscopical immunocytochemistry using copper‐zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) was applied. Degradation of mitochondria in the skeletal muscles appeared to be due to the direct coalescence of mitochondria with primary lysosomes. Probably zinc was recruited into the antioxidant protection upon conclusion of the increased erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (E‐SOD) activity.
Non‐purulent Arthritis in Danish Slaughter Pigs. I. A Study of Field Cases
Authors: Buttenschon J. , Svensmark B. , Kyrval J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe pathology and microbiology of non‐purulent arthritis in Danish slaughter pigs were studied in order to draw up an updated picture of the disease. Samples of one or more joints, their regional lymph nodes and the heart were collected from 101 arthritic pigs, totalling 137 joints, 86 lymph nodes and 96 hearts (group I).For another selected group including 25 pigs (group II), the preliminary diagnosis of mycoplasmic arthritis, based on the appearance of the corresponding regional lymph node, was assessed versus the appearance of the joint fluid. A total of 44 samples were examined.More than 70 % of all joint samples in both groups were sterile.Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiaewas isolated from 7 % of the joints andMycoplasma hyosynoviaefrom 9 %. A contamination flora was isolated in 17 % of the samples. Very few of the lymph nodes (5 %) were infected, and none of the hearts were. In group‐IIM. hyosynoviaewas isolated from 8 % of the joints. From the remainder the isolates were contamination flora or low numbers of non‐specific bacteria.The gross pathological changes of the lymph nodes and joints of theE. rhusiopathiaecases differed notably from those of theM. hyosynoviaecases. The pathological features of the lymph nodes, in particular, were type specific. This suggests that these features may be used to differentiate between the two types of arthritis. Considering the high number of sterile samples, it is necessary to test this hypothesis in greater detail.A programme is outlined to elucidate the zoonotic and hygienic consequences of a proposed alternative handling and removal procedures for the two types of arthritis at slaughter.
Milk N‐acetyl‐B‐D‐glucosaminidase and Serum Albumin as Indicators of Subclinical Mastitis in the Camel
Authors: Abdurahman O. A. Sh. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryNAGase activity (NAGase) and serum albumin concentrations were determined in milk from 101 traditionally managed camels in the Sudan. NAGase, a lysosomal enzyme released from damaged epithelial cells as well as other somatic cells in milk, was recorded for quarter milk samples from camels (n = 353) using the fluoroscan method. NAGase activity in major pathogen‐infected quarters was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in minor pathogen‐infected and non‐infected quarters. Means for minor pathogen‐infected quarters were also significantly higher than non‐infected quarters. Concentrations of serum albumin, resulting from increased vascular permeability, in quarter milk samples (n = 320) were measured by the radial immunodiffusion test. Serum albumin content in milk was not affected by infection status of the quarter. There were, however, large variations in serum albumin levels and, to a lesser extent, NAGase values between samples in both infected and non‐infected quarters. NAGase was more effective in predicting bacteriological status of the quarter than serum albumin.
The Reduction of Skeletal Muscle Lesions after Experimental Stress in Stress‐susceptible Pigs Protected with Dantrolene
Authors: Bjurström S. , Carlsten J. , Jönsson L. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryMalignant hyperthermia (MH) is a naturally occurring disease of stress‐susceptible (SS) pigs subjected to triggering agents or stress. MH is characterized by accelerated muscle metabolism and hyperthermia due to abnormally increased myoplasmic Ca2+ levels. Dantrolene is used for the treatment of MH and acts by reducing the myoplasmic Ca2+ levels. Muscle lesions can be induced by experimental restraint stress in SS pigs and are suspected to be caused by increased myoplasmic Ca2+ levels. This experiment was performed in order to study if stress induced muscle lesions could be reduced by dantrolene. Nine SS pigs were exposed to experimental restraint stress provoked by a 12 min intravenous (i.v.) infusion of the depolarizing myorelaxant succinylcholine. Five pigs were orally dosed with dantrolene (5 mg/kg), twice, about 24 and 5 h before the stress (group A). The other four pigs were treated with a single i.v. infusion of dantrolene (5 mg/kg), 30 min before stress (group B). The animals were necropsied approximately 48 h after the stress and 24 skeletal muscles were examined macro‐ and microscopically. No clinical signs of MH occurred during the experiment. The required dose of succinylcholine was higher in group B (0.08 mg/kg/min) than in group A (0.03 mg/kg/min) indicating decreased sensitivity to succinylcholine in SS pigs after i.v. treatment with dantrolene The pigs in group A, but not in group B showed slightly increased serum levels of creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) at time of necropsy. A significant reduction in acute muscle lesions was observed in both groups, especially in group B, when compared with SS pigs subjected to restraint stress, but not treated with dantrolene. The muscle lesions induced by the stress model are considered to be induced by increased myoplasmic Ca2+ levels since they can be reduced by dantrolene treatment.
Neuronal Degeneration in Brain Stem Nuclei in Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
Authors: Fatzer R. , Graber H. U. , Meyer R. K. , Cardozo C. , Vandevelde M. , Zurbriggen A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn 57% of 151 BSE positive brains of Swiss cattle, degenerating neurons were found in BSE predilection sites, either single scattered (34%) or involving large parts of brain stem nuclei (23%). The lesion consisted of central chromatolysis, shrinkage, karyolysis or nuclear pyknosis. In 43% of the BSE positive brains no neuronal changes besides vacuolation were present. Neuronal degeneration other than vacuolation alone is not pathognomonic for BSE but, according to our findings, seems to be of some importance together with the typical vacuolation of neuropil and neurons. There is no correlation between extent of these degenerative changes and accumulation of PrPSc protein, determined by immunohistochemistry. The significance remains obscure, yet as it had not been seen in cattle brains before the outbreak of BSE in Switzerland in 1990 it certainly is linked to the disease. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed.
Echocardiographic Study of Mitral Valve Prolapse in Dachshunds
Authors: Pedersen H. D. , Kristensen B. ø. , Nørby B. , Lorentzen K. A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn this prospective echocardiographic study, we investigated the occurrence of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) in 60 dachshunds: 30 with mitral regurgitation (MR), 15 age‐matched and 15 3‐year‐old controls without heart murmurs. To assess the MVP, video recorded sequences from the right parasternal long axis 4‐chamber view were blindly evaluated by three observers. Of the 30 dogs with MR, 12 (40 %) had severe MVP, 10 (33 %) had mild MVP, and eight (27 %) had a normal mitral valve. The clinical status of the dogs with MR correlated significantly with the severity of MVP, and these dogs had significantly worse MVP than age‐matched controls, among which seven (47 %) had mild MVP and eight (53 %) had a normal mitral valve (P < 0.01). In the group of 15 young dachshunds without heart murmurs, seven (47 %) had mild MVP and eight (53 %) had a normal mitral valve. The degree of MVP correlated significantly with the occurrence of arrhythmias, particularly severe sinus arrhythmia.We conclude that dachshunds with MR have a higher prevalence of MVP than controls, and that the severity of MVP is correlated with clinical status. The dogs with MVP and marked sinus arrhythmia might have autonomic dysfunction, analogous to findings in humans. Whether young dachshunds with MVP are predisposed to MR later in life must await the results of a longitudinal study.