bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Confidence, attitude, and practice of scientific research among health professions’ students in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Jarab Anan S. , Al-Qerem Walid , Alzoubi Karem H. , Abu Heshmeh Shrouq R. , Hayek Mays , Al Hamarneh Yazid N. , Aburuz Salahdein 
Published: May 2024

Objective
This study aimed to assess the confidence, attitude, and scientific research practices of undergraduate students of different health profession specialties.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, an online-based questionnaire was distributed as a Google Form via groups and pages of medical universities available on social media sites such as Facebook, WhatsApp, and Twitter to the second- to sixth-year students of different health profession specialties in different universities across the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in the period from October through December 2023 using the convenience sampling technique. The questionnaire included four parts that assessed socio-demographics and custom-designed research-related questions (6 items), perceived confidence (8 items), attitudes (14 items), and the practice in the context of scientific research and its implementation (9 items). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the variables associated with the study outcomes, including confidence, attitudes, and practice levels.

Results
The study included 522 undergraduate students. The participants reported low confidence, a negative attitude, and low scientific research practice. Regression results revealed that individuals without prior research experiences were less likely to have high confidence and practice compared to those with previous research experience (OR = 0.634, 95% CI: 0.426–0.945, p = 0.025; and OR = 0.139, 95%Cl: 0.090–0.216, P<0.001, respectively). Additionally, participants who reported difficulty in differentiating between various literature resources were less likely to have high confidence and practice compared to those who reported the ability to differentiate (OR = 0.627, 95% CI: 0.42–0.935, p = 0.022, and OR = 0.370, 95%Cl: 0.237–0.579, p<0.001, respectively). Furthermore, individuals who had not taught research methods in their undergraduate studies were less likely to have high practice (OR = 0.505, 95%Cl: 0.309–0.823, p = 0.06).

Conclusions
Undergraduates of different medical specialties in the UAE demonstrated acceptable levels of confidence and attitude toward scientific research, with several areas for practice improvement. Education and training courses focusing on various aspects of scientific research should be incorporated into the medical curricula in order to enhance students’ confidence and practice of scientific research.
The impact of caregiving on the roles and valued activities of stroke carers: A systematic review of qualitative studies
Authors: Jammal Melissa , Kolt Gregory S. , Liu Karen P. Y. , Dennaoui Nariman , George Emma S. 
Published: May 2024

Objective
To understand the experiences of informal carers and the impact of role and activity changes on their health and wellbeing.

Methods
A systematic search of CINHAL, MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycInfo, and Web of Science was conducted. Studies were eligible if they included informal stroke carers (≥18 years), used a qualitative methodology, explored the roles and valued activities of stroke carers, and were published in English. The 10-item Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist for qualitative studies was used to assess methodological quality. The results of the included studies were thematically synthesised.

Results
A total of 36 qualitative studies were included and four overarching themes were identified: (1) Life adjustment; (2) Changing role and identity; (3) Changing activities: From meaningful to purposeful; and (4) Understanding and supporting carers.

Conclusion
The sudden nature of stroke requires major readjustment in the carers life that has implications on their relationships, roles, and activities, subsequently impacting on their health and wellbeing. Health professionals and researchers should collaborate with stroke carers to identify their valued activities and implement realistic strategies to maintain these activities. Future interventions designed for carers should implement education about the importance of participating in valued activities and strategies to maintain these activities.
Perception of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients on diabetes self-care management in Fiji
Authors: Kumar Reshma , Mohammadnezhad Masoud , Khan Sabiha 
Published: May 2024

Introduction
The prevalence of diabetes has increased globally where Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is more common than any other type of diabetes. Self- care management education of diabetes provides skills and information for diabetic patients to effectively perform their own self diabetic self-care for optimum glycemic index control. As T2DM is a growing health issue in Fiji, promoting diabetes self manages among patients is a need, however there is lack of evidence in this regard. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the perception of T2DM patients on diabetic self-care management.

Method
This study used a qualitative method among T2DM patients regarding diabetic self-care management in Central Division, Fiji in 2022. This study was conducted in SOPD (Special Out Patient Department) clinics in the three chosen governmental health centers in the central division of Fiji. The study sample inclusion criteria were only T2DM patients, and no other types of diabetes, patients who are 18years and above, patients who are attending clinic at least for more than 6 months, self-identified as Fijian participants of any ethnicity or gender. The study settings were also purposively selected but the study sample was selected using purposive sampling. In depth interview using semi-structured open-ended questionnaires was used to collect data. Thematic analysis was done, followed by reviewing themes, defining and naming them.

Results
Thirty patients participated in this study. Five major themes emerged from the in-depth interview including; patient factors that affect diabetes self-care management, behavior and attitude towards T2DM self-care management, health services delivery, challenges and barriers faced by patients to perform diabetes self-care management, and recommendations to improve patient self-care management. Patients in this study have good knowledge about T2DM and the self-care management they have to perform. It is the patients’ attitude and behavior towards T2DM self-care management that affects patients to perform self-care management. The study also showed patients have gained good knowledge from Health Care Workers (HCW). Socio-economic and psychological status also played a vital part in patients’ self-care management. Apart from challenges, there were opportunities to learn the difficulties patients face in order to perform self-care management.

Conclusion
The results of this study revealed a combination of individual, cultural, and health systematic related factors as the mots influencer of diabetes self-management among patients in Fiji. Patients have to take ownership of their own health in order to improve their blood sugar reading and reduce complication of diabetes. Tailored interventions that consider patients’ belief and address potential challenges would be useful. A lot is needed in terms of upgrading facilities for the comfort of patients and need to collaborate more with other multidisciplinary team and stakeholders.
La recepción textual de los nombres propios y la atribución de fragmentos gramaticales: el caso de Aufidio Modesto
Authors: Burghini Julia , Pérez Alonso Marco Antonio 
Published: May 2024

Este trabajo pone de relieve las dificultades que experimentan los editores de fragmentos a la hora de atribuir la autoría de un fragmento debido a la transmisión, a menudo deficiente, de los nombres propios en las fuentes. Aufidio Modesto es un claro ejemplo, ya que solo fue citado con su nomen en una ocasión, mientras que el nombre de Julio Modesto –también gramático del siglo I d.C., pero anterior– es mencionado de manera completa en varios pasajes. Como resultado, los editores no solo han atribuido a Julio aquellos fragmentos que carecen de nomen, sino que también han dudado de la existencia de Aufidio. Este artículo da coherencia a la figura de Aufidio y ofrece claves para atribuir la autoría de los pasajes dudosos a un gramático u otro.
Accelerating Merkle Patricia Trie with GPU
Authors: Deng Yangshen , Yan Muxi , Tang Bo 
Published: May 2024

Merkle Patricia Trie (MPT) is a type of trie structure that offers efficient lookup and insert operators for immutable data systems that require multi-version access and tamper-evident controls, such as blockchains and verifiable databases. The performance of these systems is critically dependent on the throughput of the underlying index structure MPT. In this paper, we present a novel approach to accelerate MPT by leveraging the massive parallelism of GPU. However, achieving it is challenging as (i) lock-free data structures are difficult to implement and (ii) traditional fine-grained locking does not scale on GPU.To address them, we first analyze the technical challenges of accelerating MPT via GPU, including node splitting conflicts and hash computing conflicts caused by parallel insert operations. We then propose a lock-free algorithm PhaseNU and a lock-based algorithm LockNU on GPU to resolve the node splitting conflict. We also devise a decision model for users to choose the proper one for different workloads. We next propose a GPU-based hash-compute algorithm PhaseHC to avoid hash computing conflicts. Last, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed techniques by: (i) integrating them into both the real-world blockchain system Geth and verifiable database LedgerDB, and demonstrating its superiority with corresponding workloads; and (ii) conducting extensive experimental studies on two real-world datasets and one synthetic dataset. Our proposed solutions significantly outperform the deployed MPT solution in Geth in all datasets.
Mitochondrial DNA drives neuroinflammation through the cGAS-IFN signaling pathway in the spinal cord of neuropathic pain mice
Authors: Huang Penghui , Li Li , Chen Yaohua , Li Yuping , Zhu Dan , Cui Jian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Neuroinflammation is pivotal in the development of neuropathic pain (NeP). While mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) are recognized for inducing inflammation in various neurological disorders, their involvement in NeP remains ambiguous. In this study, we examined: (1) the changes in mtDNA and cGAS in mice with NeP induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve, whether mtDNA triggers inflammation via the cGAS signaling; (2) the effects of RU.521, a cGAS antagonist, on CCI-induced nociception (allodynia and hyperalgesia) and relative inflammatory protein expression; (3) the activation of microglia and the cGAS-IFN pathway mediated by mtDNA in BV2 cell; (4) the effect of RU.521 on mtDNA-induced inflammatory response in BV2 cells. Results revealed reduced mtDNA levels in the sciatic nerve but increased levels in the spinal cord of CCI mice, along with elevated cGAS expression and inflammatory factors. RU.521 alleviated nociceptive behaviors in CCI mice, possibly by normalizing cGAS levels and suppressing inflammation. Neuron-derived mtDNA provoked cellular activation and upregulated cGAS signaling in BV2 cells. Additionally, RU.521 and DNase I effectively inhibited cGAS-induced inflammation. These findings underscore the critical role of mtDNA accumulation and mtDNA-mediated cGAS signaling in NeP development after peripheral nerve injury.
Robust biaxially stretchable polylactic acid films based on the highly oriented chain network and “nano-walls” containing zinc phenylphosphonate and calcium sulfate whisker: Superior mechanical, barrier, and optical properties
Authors: Ding Shi-Juan , Cui Ling-Na , Liu Yue-Jun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
It is urgent to acquire a feasible strategy for balancing the strength and ductility of polylactic acid (PLA) in the application of biodegradable packaging materials. In this study, a new strategy is provided to enhance mechanical, barrier, and optical properties by the synergetic effect of manipulating the amorphous chain entanglement network and constructing the “nano- walls” of highly aligned calcium sulfate whisker (CSW), zinc phenylphosphonate (PPZn), and well-defined crystals via biaxial stretching. PPZn is verified as a nucleator to accelerate the crystallization rate and induce α-form crystals. CSW is regarded as a supporting skeleton to strengthen the entanglement density of the chain network. The extensional stress, which is induced by biaxial stretching, regulates the amorphous chain entanglement network and facilitates the chain orientation. As a result, the synergetic structure displays an outstanding capacity for improving the mechanical, barrier, and optical properties of PLA. Compared to the PLA film, the biaxially stretched PLA/PPZn/CSW films exhibit high strength, excellent ductility, and superior crystallinity, which are significantly increased by up to 53.2%, 381.3%, and 748.9%, respectively. And their gas and water vapor barrier properties remarkably increased by 65.39% and 73.11%, respectively. The optical property with a haze value of 52.4% and good transmittance of 97.4% is also obtained via the synergetic effect. With the excellent comprehensive properties of PLA films, this new strategy explores a new field in environmentally friendly packaging materials and is relevant to future work.
Synthesis of EPAN and applications in the encapsulation of potassium humate
Authors: Smailov Bakyt , Aravind Usha , Kadirbayeva Almagul , Sarypbekova Nursulu , Azimov Abdugani , Issabayev Nurpeis 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article provides information on the synthesis of esterified derivatives of hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile (EPAN) based on the polymer waste “Nitron” for use as an encapsulating reagent. The elemental and structural compositions of potassium humate and the organic polymer were determined using a scanning electron microscope (Jeol JSM-6490l V) and an IR Fourier spectrometer (Zhimadzu IR Prestige-21). A method is presented for determining the strength of the encapsulated granules of potassium humates using an IPG-1M device and a TAXTplus texture analyzer (Stable Microsystems). The scientific novelty of the article lies in the synthesis of EPAN from “Nitron” polymer waste using sodium hydroxide in the presence of ethylene glycol at a temperature of 370 K for 4 h, followed by the use of 0.5% synthesized solution for encapsulating the granular potassium humate produced from humic acid to give a strength of up to 17.3 kg and prolonged action to the granules. The effect of EPAN concentration on the encapsulation process of granular potassium humates was investigated and studied. The mechanism for the formation of a protective layer of granular potassium humates in the form of a transparent film has been established. The results of the experimental work were processed using the integrated program Statistica-10, which showed a 3D simulation of the process. Microscopic, IR spectral, X-ray phase and thermogravimetric analyses of the encapsulated potassium humate were carried out using modern instrumental devices (MicroXRF Analysis Report, monochromator D878-PC75-17.0, TGA/DSC 1HT/319). The encapsulated durable potassium humate granules provide longer-term nutrition, i.e., a slow, gradual release of plant nutrients in the soil. The use of the produced high-strength encapsulated potassium humate granules allows for restoring soil fertility and increasing the yield of agricultural plants. The encapsulated granules can withstand numerous transshipments and long-term transportation while maintaining the commercial and consumer properties of the product.
Wartezeiten. Zu einer wenig beachteten Dimension vormoderner Mobilität
Authors: Mauntel Christoph 
Published: May 2024

Zusammenfassung
Mobilität wird häufig als Bewegung zwischen konkreten Orten gefasst, geht aber zumeist mit Phasen der Immobilität einher: Verzögerungen und Wartezeiten sind ein fester Bestandteil des Reisens, der von der historischen Forschung jedoch bisher nicht näher untersucht wurde. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt das Thema des „Wartens“ für die historische Forschung vor und lotet die Erkenntnispotenziale aus. Dafür werden in einem ersten Schritt die zahlreichen bereits existierenden soziologischen, ethnologischen und anthropologischen Studien auf zentrale Themen und Thesen ausgewertet. Auf dieser Grundlage zeigen dann drei Fallstudien auf, wie Pilger, Gesandte und Reisende des Mittelalters mit Wartezeiten konfrontiert wurden und sie in ihre Texte und Berichte einbetteten: Der fränkische Pilger Bernhard reiste zwischen 865 und 871 ins Heilige Land, wurde aber mehrfach aufgehalten, weil seine Reisedokumente nicht akzeptiert wurden. In seinem Bericht ist es ihm ein Anliegen, seinen Leserinnen und Lesern die erlittenen Verzögerungen zu erklären, vermutlich um sie für eigene Reisen mit Informationen zu versorgen. Im Jahr 968 reiste Liutprand von Cremona als Gesandter Ottos I. nach Konstantinopel und musste dort den Unmut des Hofs erleiden, der sich auch in langen Wartezeiten und in der wiederholt verzögerten Abreise zeigte. Er beklagte sich in seinem Bericht ausführlich darüber, auch um den diplomatischen Misserfolg der Reise zu rechtfertigen. Der Ulmer Dominikaner Felix Fabri schließlich unternahm 1480 eine Pilgerreise ins Heilige Land, mit der er höchst unzufrieden war, da er nach eigener Aussage zu wenig Zeit vor Ort hatte. Grund dafür waren zahlreiche Verzögerungen auf der Hinreise, die Fabri ausführlich und oft emotional beschrieb.
Strong coupling spontaneous emission interference near a graphene nanodisk
Authors: Thanopulos Ioannis , Karanikolas Vasilios , Paspalakis Emmanuel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this work, we analyze the spontaneous emission dynamics of a V-type quantum emitter near a graphene nanodisk based on the combination of electromagnetic and quantum dynamical calculations. The presence of the graphene nanodisk gives strong anisotropy to the Purcell factors of the quantum emitter, leading to interference effects in spontaneous emission appearing as coupling between the emitter’s upper levels. This effect is further enhanced by the strong light–matter interaction of the quantum emitter with the modified electromagnetic mode continuum, which induces non-Markovian spontaneous emission dynamics. We have studied the population dynamics of the quantum emitter at a specific distance from the center of the graphene nanodisk for various free-space decay widths and different quantum emitter’s initial conditions and have shown weak coupling results appearing with Markovian decay dynamics, obtained for quantum emitters with small free-space decay widths, and population dynamics that exhibits distinctly non-Markovian features, such as prominent decaying Rabi oscillations in the population evolution of the quantum emitter’s excited states and energy exchange between them during the overall population decay into the photonic mode continuum for largest free-space decay widths. Also, for the largest value of the free-space decay width, we obtain significant population trapping effects in the excited states of the quantum emitter. Furthermore, we find that the population dynamics for specific light–matter interaction strength conditions between the quantum emitter and the graphene nanodisk depend distinctively on the initial state of the quantum emitter, whether it is a single state or a superposition state.
Crystal structure of 1-(4-bromophenyl)-3-(diphenylphosphoryl)-3-hydroxypropan-1-one, C21H18BrO3P
Authors: Liu Yifan , Cui Ronghai , Kang Jialing , Jin Xin , Huang Qiang , Zhang Jian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
C21H18BrO3P, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 20.2890(9) Å, b = 5.9736(2) Å, c = 16.1577(8) Å, β = 105.371(2)°, V = 1888.24(14) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.1359, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1414, T = 298.00 K.
Development of silver-doped copper oxide and chitosan nanocomposites for enhanced antimicrobial activities
Authors: Anwar Yasir , Jaha Hisham Faiz , Ul-Islam Mazhar , Kamal Tahseen , Khan Sher Bahadar , Ullah Ihsan , Al-Maaqar Saleh M. , Ahmed Sameer 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a significant and pressing public health concern, posing serious challenges to effectively preventing and treating persistent diseases. Despite various efforts made in recent years to address this problem, the global trends of AMR continue to escalate without any indication of decline. As AMR is well-known for antibiotics, developing new materials such as metal containing compounds with different mechanisms of action is crucial to effectively address this challenge. Copper, silver, and chitosan in various forms have demonstrated significant biological activities and hold promise for applications in medicine and biotechnology. Exploring the biological properties of these nanoparticles is essential for innovative therapeutic approaches in treating bacterial and fungal infections, cancer, and other diseases. To this end, the present study aimed to synthesize silver@copper oxide (Ag@CuO) nanoparticles and its chitosan nanocomposite (Chi-Ag@CuO) to investigate their antimicrobial efficacy. Various established spectroscopic and microscopic methods were employed for characterization purposes, encompassing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Subsequently, the antimicrobial activity of the nanoparticles was assessed through MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration), MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration), and well-disk diffusion assays against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Candida albicans. The size of the CuO-NPs, Ag@CuO, and Chi-Ag@CuO NPs was found to be 70–120 nm with a spherical shape and an almost uniform distribution. The nanocomposites were found to possess a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 5 μg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 250 μg/mL. Moreover, these nanocomposites generated varying clear inhibition zones, with diameters ranging from a minimum of 9 ± 0.5 mm to a maximum of 25 ± 0.5 mm. Consequently, it is evident that the amalgamation of copper–silver–chitosan nanoparticles has exhibited noteworthy antimicrobial properties in the controlled laboratory environment, surpassing the performance of other types of nanoparticles.