bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fracture Characterizing and Modeling of a Porous Fractured Carbonate Reservoir
Authors: Dashti Rouhollah , Bagheri Mohammad Bagher , Ulhaq Shahzad 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Anisotropy and heterogeneity in reservoir properties introduce challenges during the development of hydrocarbon reservoirs in naturally fractured reservoirs. In reservoir simulations, grid-block properties are frequently assigned to obtain reasonable history matches. Even then, accuracy with regard to some aspects of the performance such as water or gas cuts, breakthrough times, and sweep efficiencies may be inadequate. In some cases, this could be caused by the presence of substantial flow through natural fractures.
In this work the fracture characterization and modeling was performed in a highly fractured carbonate reservoir in SW Iran. It was observed that reservoir simulation based on the generated fracture model present a more reasonable history matching of the production. The study indicates that NE-SW is the dominant orientation of critically stressed fractures that are most problematic for gas/water breakthrough.
The primary objectives of this study are: a) construct a fracture 3D model to be used in reservoir simulation and b) distinguish the most problematic fractures in water/gas breakthrough. The steps of this study are as follows: -Constructing the 3D geological framework of the reservoir.-Identifying and characterizing natural fractures at the well level using borehole images.-Generating the 3D-stochastic model of discrete fracture network (DFN), incorporating image log data with outcrop analogies studies in the context of buckle folding mechanism.-Scaling up the fracture model with integration of well test results-Running reservoir simulation based on the scaled-up fracture model to validate the model and observe the history matching-Performing critically stressed fractures (CSF) analysis to distinguish problematic fractures.
Marine ω-3 Fatty Acid Intake
Authors: Belalcazar L. Maria , Reboussin David M. , Haffner Steven M. , Reeves Rebecca S. , Schwenke Dawn C. , Hoogeveen Ron C. , Pi-Sunyer F. Xavier , Ballantyne Christie M. ,   for the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) Obesity, Inflammation, and Thrombosis Research Group
Published: October 2009

OBJECTIVE
To examine usual marine ω-3 fatty acid (mO-3FA) intake in individuals with diabetes; its association with adiposity, lipid, and glucose control; and its changes with behavioral lifestyle intervention for weight loss.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Cross-sectional and 1-year longitudinal analyses were performed on 2,397 Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) participants. Look AHEAD is a cardiovascular outcome trial evaluating the effects of intensive lifestyle intervention for weight loss in overweight/obese subjects with type 2 diabetes.

RESULTS
Baseline mO-3FA intake was 162 ± 138 mg/day. It was inversely associated with triglycerides (β = −0.41, P &lt; 0.001) and weakly with HDL (β = 4.14, P = 0.050), after multiple covariate adjustment. One-year mO-3FA and fried/sandwich fish intake decreased with intensive lifestyle intervention (P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
mO-3FA intake in Look AHEAD participants was low but associated favorably with lipids. These results encourage investigation on the potential benefits of increasing mO-3FA intake in lifestyle interventions for weight loss in individuals with diabetes.
The value of histological changes and immunohistochemical markers Ki67 and p53 in the assessment of ulcerative colitis related dysplasia
Authors: Fratila Ovidiu , Ilias Tiberia , Puscasiu Dana 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The risk of carcinoma increases in patients with a 10-year or longer duration of ulcerative colitis (UC). To search for a more objective parameter to assess epithelial dysplasia. The study comprised 25 cases of longstanding UC: 7 cases with regenerative atypia, 7 with low grade dysplasia, 7 with high grade dysplasia, and 4 cases indefinite for dysplasia. The colonic biopsies obtained during endoscopy were stained with H&E to identify the aforementioned categories. Seventy-five sections from biopsy specimens were stained immunohistochemically to detect differences in the frequency and pattern of nuclei positive for the proliferation marker Ki67 and p53. In high grade dysplasia, the distribution of Ki67 positive cells was diffuse throughout the full length of the crypt, whereas low grade dysplasia and epithelium indefinite for dysplasia, as well as regenerative epithelium, showed an expanded basal zone. None of the regenerative atypia cases showed strong intensity p53 staining compared to dysplasia cases. None of the high grade dysplasia cases showed restricted p53 staining to the lower two thirds of the crypt. All the cases of HGD showed extension of Ki67 and p53 staining above the basal two thirds of the crypt. Ki67 and p53 immunostained cell assessment combined with routine histological evaluation of colorectal mucosa can improve the diagnostic accuracy, as well as the assessment of malignant transformation risk.
Differences in clinical predictors of influenza in adults and children with influenza-like illness
Authors: Sočan Maja , Prosenc Katarina , Nagode Mateja 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Influenza contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality in the winter season. The aim of the study was to identify clinical signs and symptoms most predictive of influenza infection in children and adults with influenza-like illness. A prospective systematic sampling analysis of clinical data collected through sentinel surveillance system for influenza in 32 primary care centers and one tertiary care hospital in Slovenia during two consecutive influenza seasons (2004/2005 and 2005/2006) was carried out. Children and adults who had influenza-like illness, defined as febrille illness with sudden onset, prostration and weakness, muscle and joint pain and at least (cough, sore throat, coryza) were included and tested for influenza A and B virus, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and enterovirus by RT-PCR. Clinical data were evaluated in statistical models to identify the best predictors for the confirmation of influenza for children (under age of 15) and adults. Of 1,286 patients with influenza-like symptoms in both seasons 211 were confirmed to have influenza A or B alone and compared to 780 influenza-negative patients. A fever over 38°C, chills, headache, malaise and sore eyes revealed a significant association with positive RT-PCR test for influenza virus in children. In adults, only three symptoms were significantly related to PCR-confirmed influenza infection: fever, cough and abnormal breath sounds. The stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that four symptoms predicted influenza in children: fever (38°C or more) (p=0.010), headache (p=0.030), cough (p=0.044) and absence of abnormal breathing sounds (p=0.015) with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 5.1%, 98.1%, 57.1% and 80.1%, respectively. For adults, the strongest impact on influenza positivity was found for fever (p=0.008) and cough (p=0.085). The model for adults had less favorable characteristics, with sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 0%, 100%, 0% and 76.4%, respectively. Differences in clinical predictors of influenza in children compared to adults were found. The model for adults was acceptable but not a good one. The model for children was found to be more reliable than the prediction model for adults.
Severe hyperphosphatemia and symptomatic hypocalcemia after bowel cleansing with oral sodium phosphate solution in a patient with postoperative hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Berker Dilek , Isik Serhat , Aydin Yusuf , Helvaci Nafiye , Tutuncu Yasemin , Helvaci Kaan , Delibasi Tuncay , Guler Serdar 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Oral sodium phosphate (NaP) is increasingly being used for bowel preparation. There are several reports of significant serum electrolyte changes after the administration of oral NaP solution in renal failure. We report a case of postoperative hypoparathyroidism who developed severe hyperphosphatemia and associated hypocalcemia after bowel preparation with oral NaP. A 39-year old woman was admitted to the hospital because of multiple bone fractures. The diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism was confirmed. Further assays suggested Cushing’s disease and MRI disclosed a pituitary microadenoma. Considering the diagnostic suspect of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, computed tomography of abdomen was performed, showing a mass in the right adrenal. The patient underwent transsphenoidal surgery and then total parathyroidectomy. Despite total removal of the microadenoma by transsphenoidal surgery, there was no suppression in serum cortisol levels. So, an operation was scheduled for the adrenal tumor. The patient was administered 45 mL oral NaP solution for bowel cleansing before the surgery. Although her calcium and phosphorus levels were normal before NaP administration, four hours later she developed respiratory distress and tetany. Laboratory studies revealed severe hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia. We conclude that the use of NaP for bowel preparation should be avoided in patients with hypoparathyroidism.
Air pollution and chest diseases - a review
Authors: Ali Taskina , Hossain Md Ali , Bennoor Kazi Saifuddin 
Published: October 2009

Ambient (outdoor) air pollution is now recognized as an important problem, both nationally and worldwide. Our scientific understanding of the spectrum of health effects of air pollution has increased, and numerous studies are discovering important health effects from air pollution at levels once considered safe. Elderly, children and infants are among the most susceptible to many of the air pollutants. In addition to associations between air pollution and respiratory symptoms, asthma exacerbations, and asthma hospitalizations, recent studies have found links between air pollution and preterm birth, infant mortality, deficits in lung growth, and possibly, development of asthma. This paper summarizes the recent literature linking ambient air pollution to adverse health outcomes in population and includes a perspective on the current regulatory process. The review provides advice to pediatricians on how to integrate issues regarding air quality and health into patient education and patients' environmental health advocacy and concludes with recommendations to the government on promotion of effective air-pollution policies to ensure protection of our health. DOI: 10.3329/bjpp.v22i1.3566 Bangladesh J Physiol Pharmacol 2006; 22(1/2) : 25-28
Juvenile Psoriatic Arthritis: Longterm Outcome and Differentiation from Other Subtypes of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: FLATØ BERIT , LIEN GUNNHILD , SMERDEL-RAMOYA ANNA , VINJE ODD 
Published: October 2009

Objective.To compare outcomes in patients with juvenile psoriatic arthritis (PsA) with those in patients with other juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) subtypes, and to evaluate characteristics and genetic markers that may differentiate PsA from other subtypes of JIA.Methods.JIA patients first admitted between 1980 and 1985 were clinically examined after a median of 15 years. Health status was reassessed by the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) after a median of 23 years. Of 336 JIA patients, 31 (9%) had PsA.Results.Predictors of PsA were psoriasis in the patient (OR 12.06, p = 0.004) or first-degree relative (OR 30.86, p < 0.001), dactylitis (OR 10.97, p < 0.001), and ankle/toe arthritis (OR 3.04, p = 0.038) within the first 6 months. HLA-DRB1*11/12 status (OR 2.69, p = 0.040) and onset after age 6 years (OR 4.41, p = 0.004) differentiated PsA from either oligoarthritis or polyarthritis. After 15 years, PsA patients had poorer physical health than healthy population controls (p = 0.001). After 23 years, the SF-36 physical scores were poorer in PsA patients than in those with either oligoarthritis or polyarthritis (p < 0.045). The need for disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and/or anti-tumor necrosis factor agents was present in 33% of PsA versus 8% in oligoarthritis and 13% in either oligoarthritis or polyarthritis patients (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively).Conclusion.In addition to a history of psoriasis, dactylitis, ankle or toe arthritis, and DRB1*11/12 in children with JIA indicate the likelihood of PsA, a subtype associated with unfavorable outcome.
A Safety Assessment of Tumor Necrosis Factor Antagonists During Pregnancy: A Review of the Food and Drug Administration Database
Authors: CARTER JOHN D. , LADHANI ANIL , RICCA LOUIS R. , VALERIANO JOANNE , VASEY FRANK B. 
Published: October 2009

Objective.To present any congenital anomalies with respect to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists reported to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to determine if there are common findings.Methods.A review of the FDA database of reported adverse events with etanercept, infliximab, and adalimumab from 1999 through December of 2005 was performed. Key words for congenital anomalies were employed as search tools. Duplicate reports were eliminated. Any concomitant medicines were recorded.Results.Our review of > 120,000 adverse events revealed a total of 61 congenital anomalies in 41 children born to mothers taking a TNF antagonist. Of these mothers, 22 took etanercept and 19 took infliximab. There were no reports in women taking adalimumab. The most common reported congenital anomaly was some form of heart defect. Twenty-four of the 41 (59%) children had one or more congenital anomalies that are part of vertebral abnormalities, anal atresia, cardiac defect, tracheoesophageal, renal, and limp abnormalities (VACTERL) association. There were 34 specific types of congenital anomalies in total, and 19 (56%) of those are part of the VACTERL spectrum. Nine of these 19 (47%) types of VACTERL anomalies were observed statistically significantly more than historical controls (p < 0.01); in 4 of these 9 the p value was ≤ 0.0001. Thirteen (32%) of the children had more than one congenital anomaly; 7 of these 13 children had 2 defects that are part of the VACTERL spectrum. However, only 1 child was diagnosed with VACTERL. In 24/41 cases (59%) the mother was taking no other concomitant medications.Conclusion.A seemingly high number of congenital anomalies that are part of the VACTERL spectrum have been reported. These congenital anomalies are occurring at a rate higher than historical controls. This commonality raises concerns of a possible causative effect of the TNF antagonists.
Achievement of a State of Inactive Disease at Least Once in the First 5 Years Predicts Better Outcome of Patients with Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: MAGNANI ALESSANDRA , PISTORIO ANGELA , MAGNI-MANZONI SILVIA , FALCONE ALESSANDRA , LOMBARDINI GIUSEPPINA , BANDEIRA MARCIA , ROSSI FEDERICA , SALA ILARIA , MARTINI ALBERTO , RAVELLI ANGELO 
Published: October 2009

Objective.To investigate whether the achievement of inactive disease in the first 5 years predicts a more favorable outcome of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).Methods.We reviewed clinical charts of 123 patients who started taking methotrexate, were followed for at least 5 years, and received a yearly assessment in the first 5 years. At each yearly visit, the presence of inactive disease was assessed. Patients were divided into 3 groups: (1) patients who never reached inactive disease; (2) patients who reached inactive disease in only 1 visit; and (3) patients who reached inactive disease in ≥ 2 visits. Outcome was evaluated after 6 to 18 years (median 7.1 yrs) by assessing the following clinical measures: restricted joint count, Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ), Juvenile Arthritis Damage Index (JADI), and Poznanski score of radiographic damage.Results.In the first 5 years, 62 patients (50.4%) were noted to have active disease at their yearly visit, 40 patients (32.5%) were noted to have inactive disease only once, and 21 patients (17.1%) were noted to have inactive disease in ≥ 2 visits. Patients who achieved inactive disease 1 or more times had lower restricted joint count (p = 0.007) and JADI-Articular score (p = 0.004) at last followup visit than those who never reached such a state. A similar trend, although not significant, was observed for CHAQ and Poznanski score of radiographic damage.Conclusion.Attainment of the state of inactive disease at least once in the first 5 years was found to be associated with less longterm joint damage and with a trend toward less functional impairment.
The Influence of the 1997 Updated Classification Criteria for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Epidemiology, Disease Presentation, and Patient Management
Authors: EILERTSEN GRO ØSTLI , BECKER-MEROK ANDREA , NOSSENT JOHANNES C. 
Published: October 2009

Objective.The 1997 update of the American College of Rheumatology classification criteria (ACR97) for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has not been validated. We determined to what extent their introduction influenced the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of the disease in northern Norway.Methods.Annual incidence and point-prevalence rates, clinical manifestations, and outcome were determined in an inception cohort of patients with SLE in northern Norway, included between 1996 and 2006, using ACR97 criteria (97acr). These findings were compared with a cohort from the same area enrolled 1978–1995 using the 1982 revised criteria ACR82 (82acr).Results.The mean annual incidence of SLE was 3.00 for cohort 97acr (n = 58) versus 2.63 for cohort 82acr (n = 81) (p = 0.5). All patients in the 97acr cohort also fulfilled the 1982 criteria; however, significantly fewer patients presented with discoid rash [odds ratio (OR) 0.31)], arthritis (OR 0.24), renal (OR 0.28) or hematological disorder (OR 0.27), and significantly more with anti-dsDNA (OR 2.57) and antiphospholipid antibodies (OR 27.9). Initial treatment with intravenous pulse methylprednisolone (OR 9.23), azathioprine (OR 6.32), and low-dose aspirin (OR 20.9) was increased in cohort 97acr. Five- (95.2%) and 10-year survival (91.9%) rates were also improved for cohort 97acr.Conclusion.The ACR97 criteria set has construct validity compared to the ACR82 criteria set. SLE incidence remains unchanged in northern Norway, but a significant reduction of renal disease and further improvements in survival rates occurred simultaneously with increased serological surveillance with ELISA-based assays and early immunosuppressive and anticoagulant therapy.
Metaanalysis of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) Polymorphisms Affecting Methotrexate Toxicity
Authors: FISHER MARK C. , CRONSTEIN BRUCE N. 
Published: October 2009

Objective.Methotrexate (MTX) is an effective therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but it is also associated with toxicity. Pharmacogenetics is the systematic evaluation of the role of genetic differences in the efficacy and toxicity of therapeutic interventions. Because the results of small pharmacogenetic studies are often misleading, we undertook a metaanalysis of published studies to determine the role of polymorphisms in the therapeutic efficacy and toxicity of MTX.Methods.A search of PubMed produced 55 publications, which were then reviewed for relevance to MTX toxicity and efficacy in patients with RA. To ensure that no study was missed, each polymorphism found was then entered as an independent search string and all results were reviewed again.Results.Only 2 polymorphisms [C677T and A1298C in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR); total 8 studies] relevant to MTX metabolism and efficacy had sufficient data to allow a metaanalysis of their association with toxicity; there was no polymorphism with sufficient data to perform a metaanalysis of efficacy. In a fixed-effects model, the C677T polymorphism was associated with increased toxicity (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.32–2.21, p < 0.001). The A1298C polymorphism was not associated with increased toxicity (OR 1.12, 95% CI 0.79–1.6, p = 0.626).Conclusion.As pharmacogenetics evolves, more data are needed to assess the role of various polymorphisms for drug efficacy and toxicity. These results illustrate the paucity of reliable pharmacogenetic data on a commonly used antirheumatic drug and the potential role of pharmacogenetics in tailoring drug therapy for an individual patient.
Comparative Performance Analysis of 4 Different Anti-Citrullinated Protein Assays in the Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: MUTLU NILGUN , BICAKCIGIL MUGE , TASAN DEMET A. , KAYA AYHAN , YAVUZ SULE , OZDEN A. INCI 
Published: October 2009

Objective.To evaluate the diagnostic performances of 2 recently developed assays, third-generation anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP3) and anti-mutated citrullinated vimentin (anti-MCV), in comparison to conventional second-generation anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP2) assay; and to assess a novel fully automated, random-access AxSYM anti-CCP assay for early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods.A cohort of 176 patients was enrolled in our study; 93 were diagnosed as having RA. The non-RA group consisted of 83 patients including 38 with systemic lupus erythematosus, 17 with primary Sjögren’s syndrome, 11 with osteoarthritis, and 17 healthy controls. All were tested for presence of anti-CCP2, anti-CCP3, AxSYM anti-CCP, anti-MCV, and rheumatoid factor (RF)-IgM according to the manufacturers’ instructions.Results.Diagnostic performance of the assays revealed the highest area under the curve for the novel AxSYM anti-CCP [89.1; 95% confidence interval (CI) 84.3–93.8], followed by anti-CCP3 (86.7; 95% CI 81.6–91.9), anti-CCP2 (82; 95% CI 75.8–88.3), and anti-MCV (71.9; 95% CI 64.4–79.5). The sensitivities and specificities were 60.2% and 98.8% for anti-CCP2, 61.3% and 97.6% for anti-CCP3, 80.6% and 84.3% for AxSYM anti-CCP, 49.8% and 91.6% for anti-MCV, and 67.8% and 91.6% for RF-IgM, respectively.Conclusion.At cutoff of 5 U/ml, AxSYM anti-CCP emerged as a highly sensitive first-line early diagnostic tool for RA, with the greatest discrimination power, above 16 U/ml, in case of positive result. Using a single easily performed automated assay at 2 determined decision limits we were able to diagnose 81% of cases of RA and missing only 1.2%.
Relationship Between Low Bone Mineral Density and Varus Deformity in Postmenopausal Women with Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: AKAMATSU YASUSHI , MITSUGI NAOTO , TAKI NAOYA , TAKEUCHI RYOHEI , SAITO TOMOYUKI 
Published: October 2009

Objective.To assess the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and varus deformity arising from bone structural changes caused by knee osteoarthritis (OA) in postmenopausal women.Methods.This cross-sectional study involved 135 consecutive postmenopausal female patients who had varus knee OA and a Kellgren-Lawrence grade ≥ 2. Knee radiographs were obtained with the patient standing on one leg, and subjects were classified into 3 tertile groups according to femorotibial angle, which was taken as a measure of varus knee OA severity. We also measured the 3 subangles that make up the femorotibial angle, and focused on the varus inclination of the tibial plateau. BMD was measured in the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and medial and lateral tibial condyles using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Differences between femorotibial angle tertile groups were assessed, and associations between femorotibial sub-angles and BMD values at various points were evaluated.Results.After adjustment for age and body mass index, there was no significant association between the varus inclination of the tibial plateau and lumbar spine BMD. A weak but statistically significant negative correlation existed between varus inclination of the tibial plateau and BMD at the ipsilateral proximal femur and lateral tibial condyle.Conclusion.Varus inclination of the tibial plateau was significantly more severe in the femorotibial angle tertile 3 group, and in patients with lower BMD in the ipsilateral lower limb. Varus knee OA may result not only from cartilage loss but also from structural changes of the bone.