bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiofrequency heating induced by 7T head MRI: Thermal assessment using discrete vasculature or pennes' bioheat equation
Authors: van Lier Astrid L.H.M.W. , Kotte Alexis N.T.J. , Raaymakers Bas W. , Lagendijk Jan J.W. , van den Berg Cornelis A.T. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate and compare the maximum temperature (Tmax) in the head after exposure to a 300 MHz radiofrequency (RF) field induced by a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) coil using two thermal simulation methods: Pennes' bioheat equation (PBHE) and discrete vasculature (DIVA).Materials and Methods:The electromagnetic field induced in the head by a 7T birdcage coil was simulated using finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) and validated by MRI. The specific absorption rate (SAR) distributions normalized to the 10‐gram maximum or the whole‐head average were used for PBHE and DIVA simulations.Results:For all cases, the Tmax in PBHE was slightly higher than in DIVA. The Tmax was 37.9–38.4°C, depending on the simulation method or perfusion rate.Conclusion:In some situations, RF exposure limited to SARmax,10g led to a Tmax higher than allowed by International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) regulations. Therefore, it is advisable to use thermal simulations to evaluate RF safety of MRI. The simulation method used only slightly influenced the observed maximum temperature; the observed temperature with PBHE was higher in all situations. So PBHE is an appropriate method for RF safety assessment of MRI in the head. Using DIVA simulations, it was found unlikely that the body temperature increases significantly due to energy deposited by a head coil under normal circumstances. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:795–803. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Critical role of calpain in axonal damage‐induced retinal ganglion cell death
Authors: Ryu Morin , Yasuda Masayuki , Shi Dong , Shanab Ahmed Y. , Watanabe Ryo , Himori Noriko , Omodaka Kazuko , Yokoyama Yu , Takano Jiro , Saido Takaomi , Nakazawa Toru 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCalpain, an intracellular cysteine protease, has been widely reported to be involved in neuronal cell death. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of calpain activation in axonal damage‐induced retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. Twelve‐week‐old male calpstatin (an endogenous calpain inhibitor) knockout mice (CAST KO) and wild‐type (WT) mice were used in this study. Axonal damage was induced by optic nerve crush (NC) or tubulin destruction induced by leaving a gelatin sponge soaked with vinblastine (VB), a microtubule disassembly chemical, around the optic nerve. Calpain activation was assessed by immunoblot analysis, which indirectly quantified the cleaved α‐fodrin, a substrate of calpain. RGCs were retrogradely labeled by injecting a fluorescent tracer, Fluoro‐Gold (FG), and the retinas were harvested and flat‐mounted retinas prepared. The densities of FG‐labeled RGCs harvested from the WT and CAST KO groups were assessed and compared. Additionally, a calpain inhibitor (SNJ‐1945, 100 mg/kg/day) was administered orally, and the density of surviving RGCs was compared with that of the vehicle control group. The mean density of surviving RGCs in the CAST KO group was significantly lower than that observed in the WT group, both in NC and in VB. The mean density of surviving RGCs in the SNJ‐1945‐treated group was significantly higher than that of the control group. The calpain inhibitor SNJ‐1945 has a neuroprotective effect against axonal damage‐induced RGC death. This pathway may be an important therapeutic target for preventing this axonal damage‐induced RGC death, including glaucoma and diabetic optic neuropathy and other CNS diseases that share a common etiology. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Systemic therapy for advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors: Beyond imatinib
Authors: Kim Edward J. , Zalupski Mark M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractProgression on first‐line therapy with imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) is caused by either initial resistance or more often a secondary mutation in tyrosine kinases KIT or PDGFR. Therapies in development for imatinib‐resistant GIST include agents that target KIT/PDGFR with greater potency or possess broader kinase inhibition profiles including VEGFR. To circumvent secondary mutations in KIT/PDGFR, inhibition of the downstream signaling in PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and enhanced degradation of KIT/PDGFR are also under investigation. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 104:901–906. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimization of schedule stability and efficiency under processing time variability and random machine breakdowns in a job shop environment
Authors: Goren Selcuk , Sabuncuoglu Ihsan , Koc Utku 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe ability to cope with uncertainty in dynamic scheduling environments is becoming an increasingly important issue. In such environments, any disruption in the production schedule will translate into a disturbance of the plans for several external activities as well. Hence, from a practical point of view, deviations between the planned and realized schedules are to be avoided as much as possible. The term stability refers to this concern. We propose a proactive approach to generate efficient and stable schedules for a job shop subject to processing time variability and random machine breakdowns. In our approach, efficiency is measured by the makespan, and the stability measure is the sum of the variances of the realized completion times. Because the calculation of the original measure is mathematically intractable, we develop a surrogate stability measure. The version of the problem with the surrogate stability measure is proven to be NP‐hard, even without machine breakdowns; a branch‐and‐bound algorithm is developed for this problem variant. A tabu search algorithm is proposed to handle larger instances of the problem with machine breakdowns. The results of extensive computational experiments indicate that the proposed algorithms are quite promising in performance. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2011
Proteome profiling of the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum by N‐terminal proteomics
Authors: Kouyianou Kalliopi , De Bock Pieter‐Jan , Colaert Niklaas , Nikolaki Antigoni , Aktoudianaki Aikaterini , Gevaert Kris , Tsiotis Georgios 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn this study, we performed the first large‐scale identification of N‐terminal peptides from the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum. Combined fractional diagonal chromatography (COFRADIC) was used to isolate protein N‐terminal peptides from three different proteome preparations, and following LC‐MS/MS analysis, over 621 different proteins were identified by their N‐terminal peptides. Our data constitute the largest data set currently available for protein N‐termini of prokaryotic photosynthetic organisms
Lectin capture strategy for effective analysis of cell secretome
Authors: Zhang Yan , Tang Xiaorong , Yao Ling , Chen Keying , Jia Wei , Hu Xiaofang , Xu Lisa X. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSecreted proteins play important roles in physiological and pathological processes. However, effective proteomic detection of low‐abundant secreted proteins is often shielded by the presence of a large amount of intracellular proteins released from unavoidable dead cells during cell culture. In the present study, we applied lectin affinity capture approach to enrich the secreted proteins in the conditioned media (CM) of three human breast cell lines (MCF‐10A, MCF‐7, and MDA‐MB‐231). Lectin capture showed efficient enrichment of the secreted proteins in CM of all three cell lines and significantly increased the number of secreted proteins detected: from 183 to 292 for MCF‐10A, 196 to 325 for MCF‐7, and 194 to 368 for MDA‐MB‐231. Based on more comprehensive profiling of the secreted proteins, we identified 92 secreted proteins which were both upregulated in MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231, with 82 only found in lectin‐captured samples. It should be noted that among these 82 potential biomarkers, 59 were not reported in the previous proteomic studies of breast cancer. These data indicate that the lectin capture approach is a powerful means to move toward more comprehensive analysis and comparison of secretomes.
Scattering amplitudes in open superstring theory
Authors: Schlotterer O. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis review is concerned with scattering amplitudes in open superstring theories. In particular, we introduce two different formalisms to compute tree level amplitudes – the Ramond Neveu Schwarz‐ (RNS‐) and the Pure Spinor (PS‐) formalism. The RNS approach proves to be flexible in describing compactifications from ten to four flat spacetime dimensions. We solve the technical problems due to the underlying interacting conformal field theory on the worldsheet. This is exploited to extract phenomenologically relevant scattering amplitudes of gluons and quarks as well as production‐ and decay rates of massive vibration modes which have already been identified as virtual exchange particles at the massless level. In case of a TeV string scale, string specific signatures in parton collisions might be observed at the LHC experiment in the near future and constitute the first experimental evidence for string theory. These statements apply to a wide class of string vacua and therefore bypass the so‐called landscape problem of string theory. The PS formalism allows for a manifestly supersymmetric treatment of scattering amplitudes in ten spacetime dimensions with sixteen supercharges. We introduce a family of superfields which arises in tree amplitudes of massless open string states and can be naturally identified with diagrams made of cubic vertices. We firstly achieve a compact superspace representation of multiparticle field theory amplitudes and moreover express the complete n point superstring amplitude as a minimal linear combination of partial field theory amplitudes and hypergeometric functions. The latter carry the stringy effects and are analyzed from different perspectives.
Resistive‐switching mechanism of transparent nonvolatile memory device based on gallium zinc oxide
Authors: Wang Yongshun 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe report an indium‐free transparent resistive switching random access memory (TRRAM) device based on a gallium‐doped zinc oxide (GZO)‐Ga2O3‐ZnO‐Ga2O3‐GZO structure grown by metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition. The bipolar resistive‐switching behavior is investigated based on the filament model. ZnO insulator layer fabricated at different temperature are compared to further support the filament mechanism. The compliance current applied on the device is changed from low to high to study the properties of conductive filaments in ZnO. The Joule‐heating effect is also studied by adjusting the integrating time in voltage sweeping.
Dynamic properties of reconstruction defect on 90° partial dislocation in Si
Authors: Wang Chaoying , Wang Zhenqing , Meng Qingyuan , Wang Zhaoying 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe molecular dynamics (MD) and nudged elastic band (NEB) methods are employed to investigate the dynamic properties of the reconstruction defect (RD) on 90° partial dislocation in Si. This involves the motion of RD in single‐period (SP‐RD) and double‐period (DP‐RD) structures. When the temperature is lower than 1100 K, the migration processes and velocities of SP‐RD can be simply observed. It is found that SP‐RD is remarkably mobile, which is essentially determined by its structural characteristics. At relatively higher temperature, the previous prediction that SP‐RD may act as the nucleating center of a double kink is proved. All these MD results are in good agreement with the calculated barriers. The migration of DP‐RD is carried out by the motion of left–right kink RD complex (LR‐RD) and right–left kink RD complex (RL‐RD). Their motion sequences are described in detail and it is also found that the dangling bonds make the movement of the two complexes easier.
ISO 22000/HACCP Associated with the Presence of Microorganisms in the Processing of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fillets
Authors: Carbonera Nádia , Cappelletti Bianca Martins , Espírito Santo Milton Luiz Pinho 
Published: November 2011

SummaryPseudomonas is one among the many bacteria that contribute to the deterioration of fish. Other microorganisms such as Salmonella sp., coagulase positive Staphylococcus and thermotolerant coliforms can also be found. The presence of this microbiota is always related to raw materials, poor handling, or badly designed plants. In this study the presence of these indicators was evaluated. The monitoring was conducted during the reception of the fish, chilling and storage of the product at −18 °C. As part of the monitoring, preventive measures for each Critical Control Point associated with the program of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point were established. The results showed that there was significant difference (p < 0.05) between the samples. The resistance of these microorganisms involved in getting the frozen fillets confirmed the need for more effective control and should be subject to a regulatory program like ISO 22000. This program specifies the requirements needed for a system that can monitor and master hazards and ensure that food is safe for human consumption. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quasi‐random hypergraphs revisited
Authors: Chung Fan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe quasi‐random theory for graphs mainly focuses on a large equivalent class of graph properties each of which can be used as a certificate for randomness. For k ‐graphs (i.e., k ‐uniform hypergraphs), an analogous quasi‐random class contains various equivalent graph properties including the k ‐discrepancy property (bounding the number of edges in the generalized induced subgraph determined by any given (k ‐ 1) ‐graph on the same vertex set) as well as the k ‐deviation property (bounding the occurrences of “octahedron”, a generalization of 4 ‐cycle). In a 1990 paper (Chung, Random Struct Algorithms 1 (1990) 363‐382), a weaker notion of l ‐discrepancy properties for k ‐graphs was introduced for forming a nested chain of quasi‐random classes, but the proof for showing the equivalence of l ‐discrepancy and l ‐deviation, for 2 ≤ l < k, contains an error. An additional parameter is needed in the definition of discrepancy, because of the rich and complex structure in hypergraphs. In this note, we introduce the notion of (l,s) ‐discrepancy for k ‐graphs and prove that the equivalence of the (k,s) ‐discrepancy and the s ‐deviation for 1 ≤ s ≤ k. We remark that this refined notion of discrepancy seems to point to a lattice structure in relating various quasi‐random classes for hypergraphs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2011
Clustering based on periodicity in high‐throughput time course data
Authors: Blackstock Anna J. , Manatunga Amita K. , Park Youngja , Jones Dean P. , Yu Tianwei 
Published: November 2011

AbstractNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, traditionally used in analytical chemistry, has recently been introduced to studies of metabolite composition of biological fluids and tissues. Metabolite levels change over time, and providing a tool for better extraction of NMR peaks exhibiting periodic behavior is of interest. We propose a method in which NMR peaks are clustered based on periodic behavior. Periodic regression is used to obtain estimates of the parameter corresponding to period for individual NMR peaks. A mixture model is then used to develop clusters of peaks, taking into account the variability of the regression parameter estimates. Methods are applied to NMR data collected from human blood plasma over a 24‐h period. Simulation studies show that the extra variance component due to the estimation of the parameter estimate should be accounted for in the clustering procedure. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 4: 579–589, 2011
Securing wireless communications in transmit‐beamforming systems by precoding jamming noise signals
Authors: Ma Shichuan , Hempel Michael , Yang Yaoqing (Lamar) , Sharif Hamid 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTInformation transmission in wireless communication systems is traditionally protected by cryptographic techniques at the higher layers. Recently, a method of physical layer security has attracted much attention because it can potentially provide lower probability of interception of the signals at the eavesdroppers and hence augment the link security in addition to the conventional encryptions. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to securing transmit‐beamforming systems by using uniquely designed jamming noise signal, which can significantly degrade the signal quality at the eavesdropper but not at the intended receiver. The jamming noise signal is generated from the null space of the channel matrix. An eigenvector‐based implementation of this theoretical method is also provided. Unlike previous physical layer security methods, the proposed approach can provide secure communications over systems with arbitrary antenna configurations. Our proposed method offers more degrees of freedom to generate the jamming noise signal, resulting in the eavesdropper being unable to decode the information signals. Moreover, the eavesdropper cannot influence the system secrecy capacity by employing more antennas or by moving close to the transmitter. Simulation results show that the secrecy capacity increases significantly, by about 7 bits/s/Hz for a 4 × 4 antenna configuration, under typical transmit power constraints. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Meeting modern grid codes with large direct‐drive permanent magnet generator‐based wind turbines—low‐voltage ride‐through
Authors: Banham‐Hall D.D. , Smith C.A. , Taylor G.A. , Irving M.R. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTAmbitious offshore wind energy targets continue to drive technological innovation, with the latest direct‐drive permanent magnet generator‐based wind turbines promising higher efficiency and availability. However, these machines have fixed rotor flux, provided by the magnets, which means that their voltage rises with speed. Further, high machine stator reactance leads to significant magnetic energy storage in the stator windings. Both these aspects provide new challenges for the power converter when designing to meet modern low‐voltage ride‐through requirements.This paper therefore proposes a novel control strategy, using a minimally rated chopper and dynamic brake resistor (DBR) integrated with the wind turbine's power converter, to help these systems to meet the demands of modern grid codes. This control method may allow the chopper and DBR to be rated at only 40% of a fully rated version. Despite only partially rating the DBR system, the control method minimizes the torsional oscillations in the drive train, thereby protecting the mechanical system. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Thermoelectric Properties of Clathrates in the Sn‐In‐As‐I System
Authors: Kelm Evgeny A. , Olenev Andrei V. , Bykov Mikhail A. , Sobolev Alexey V. , Presniakov Igor A. , Kulbachinskii Vladimir A. , Kytin Vladimir G. , Shevelkov Andrei V. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractClathrates of the general formula Sn24–x–δInxAs22–yI8have been synthesized withxmax= 10.7. They crystallize in the clathrate‐I type of crystal structure, space groupPm$\bar{3}$n, with the cubic unit cell parameter ranging froma= 11.088 (x= 0) toa= 11.343 (x= 10.7) Å. The crystal structure refined for five compositions with different indium contents revealed that despite the linear dependence of the unit cell parameter uponxthe details of the crystal structure change twice upon varying the indium contents. These changes occur without altering the space group and show up in positional disorder of atoms within the framework and the concomitant change of the coordination of part of tin atoms from 3+2 to 3+3, which is additionally confirmed by the Mössbauer spectroscopy data. In general, these changes reflect the transition from the Sn24P19.3I8structure type for high indium contents to the Sn20.5As22I8structure type for low indium contents. It is shown that the Sn24–x–δInxAs22–yI8clathrates haven‐type conductivity with high values of the Seebeck coefficient ranging from –322 to –594 μV·K–1at room temperature. They display an abnormally low thermal conductivity at 293 K, from 0.36 to 0.57 W·m–1·K–1. The calculated thermoelectric figure‐of‐merit for Sn24–x–δInxAs22–yI8has its room‐temperature maximum at 0.041 forx= 6.5.
Settlement in empty versus occupied habitats: an experimental study on bank voles
Authors: Glorvigen Petter , Bjørnstad Ottar N. , Andreassen Harry P. , Ims Rolf A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDespite the recognised importance of colonisation (settlement in empty habitats) and immigration (settlement in an established population) to species persistence and evolution few have investigated these processes in territorial mammals and how they affect species’ traits. We translocated female bank voles (Myodes glareolus) onto an island (2.58 ha) in a two‐stage experiment (stage 1:colonisationof empty population space and stage 2:immigrationinto an established population) to test (1) if colonisers and immigrants differ in probability of settlement and pregnancy, and (2) if settlement is affected by cues of conspecifics, i.e., simulated deserted home ranges (SDHR) and resident presence. Density was kept well below saturation in 8 temporally distinct population replicates over 3 years. SDHR and resident presence neither attracted nor repelled colonisers and immigrants, respectively, and settlement was not different from a random model. Probability of settlement tended to be higher in colonisers than immigrants and the probability of pregnancy was significantly higher in colonisers; immigrants settling within the home range of residents had nearly zero probability of pregnancy. Colonisation of empty habitat patches selected based on physical or resource based habitat features is apparently the optimal settlement strategy of dispersing voles, because cues from conspecifics may provide ambiguous information and social factors may inhibit settlement or delay reproduction in immigrants even at low population density.
On the classification problem for split graphs
Authors: Morais de Almeida Sheila , Picinin de Mello Célia , Morgana Aurora 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The Classification Problem is the problem of deciding whether a simple graph has chromatic index equal to Δ or Δ+1. In the first case, the graphs are called Class 1, otherwise, they are Class 2. A split graph is a graph whose vertex set admits a partition into a stable set and a clique. Split graphs are a subclass of chordal graphs. Figueiredo at al. (J. Combin. Math. Combin. Comput. 32:79–91, 2000) state that a chordal graph is Class 2 if and only if it is neighborhood-overfull. In this paper, we give a characterization of neighborhood-overfull split graphs and we show that the above conjecture is true for some split graphs.