bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Range of variability of channel complexity in urban, restored and forested reference streams
Authors: LAUB BRIAN G. , BAKER Daniel W. , BLEDSOE Brian P. , PALMER MARGARET A. 
Published: March 2012

Summary 1. Channel complexity is an important ecological property of stream systems and is often targeted for restoration in channelised urban streams. However, channel complexity is rarely defined explicitly, and little research on channel complexity has been conducted in streams in urban catchments that have not been directly channelised by human activities. Therefore, it remains unclear whether restoration of non‐channelised urban streams has improved complexity.2. We explicitly define channel complexity and use a multimetric approach to provide a comprehensive assessment of complexity in multiple restored, urban and forested streams on the Maryland Coastal Plain and two streams of differing land use in Colorado. We also expand on the Maryland and Colorado results with a literature survey of channel complexity from diverse geographical regions.3. Many streams draining urban catchments in Maryland had relatively high values of some complexity metrics compared to forested reference streams in Maryland and compared to the values for pristine streams calculated from the literature. This suggests that streams in urban catchments that are not directly manipulated by human activities (e.g. channelisation or piping) may be able to maintain channel structures beneficial for aquatic organisms even when impervious surfaces are the dominant form of land use in the catchment.4. Restored streams in Maryland had equal or lower values of many complexity metrics compared to streams draining urban catchments in Maryland. This suggests that restoration of streams draining urban catchments did not improve the overall channel complexity.5. Our results highlight the need to explicitly define and measure the attributes of channel complexity that are targeted during restoration, to determine whether the streams in urban catchments are truly degraded with respect to channel complexity.6. Combined with recent synthesis work suggesting that biodiversity may not be improved by increasing the channel complexity, these results indicate that targeting catchment processes may prove a more useful approach to restoration than attempting to move channel complexity in streams draining urban catchments towards conditions in forested reference streams.
Risk of asthma and allergic outcomes in the offspring in relation to maternal food consumption during pregnancy: A Finnish birth cohort study
Authors: Erkkola Maijaliisa , Nwaru Bright I. , Kaila Minna , Kronberg‐Kippilä Carina , Ilonen Jorma , Simell Olli , Veijola Riitta , Knip Mikael , Virtanen Suvi M. 
Published: March 2012

To cite this article: Erkkola M, Nwaru BI, Kaila M, Kronberg‐Kippilä C, Ilonen J, Simell O, Veijola R, Knip M, Virtanen SM. Risk of asthma and allergic outcomes in the offspring in relation to maternal food consumption during pregnancy: A Finnish birth cohort study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2012: 23: 186–194.AbstractBackground:  Epidemiological and immunological studies suggest that maternal diet during pregnancy might affect the development of allergic diseases in the offspring. The authors set out to study the effect of maternal food consumption during pregnancy on the emergence of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)‐based allergic outcomes: asthma, allergic rhinitis, and wheeze by the 5 yr of age.Methods:  Data from 2441 children at 5 yr of age were analyzed within the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) Nutrition Study, a population‐based birth cohort study. Maternal diet was assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire.Results:  In multiple regression models adjusted for known confounders, low maternal consumption of leafy vegetables (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.21, 1.98), malaceous fruits (aOR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.15, 1.84), and chocolate (aOR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.70) were positively associated with the risk of wheeze in children. High maternal consumption of fruit and berry juices was positively associated with the risk of allergic rhinitis (aOR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.90) in children. No associations were observed between maternal food consumption and asthma.Conclusions:  Development of allergic diseases in preschool children may be influenced by intrauterine exposure to maternal diet.
Relations of nutritional intake to age, sex and body mass index in Japanese elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: The Japanese Elderly Diabetes Intervention Trial
Authors: Yoshimura Yukio , Kamada Chiemi , Takahashi Keiko , Kaimoto Tae , Iimuro Satoshi , Ohashi Yasuo , Araki Atsushi , Umegaki Hiroyuki , Sakurai Takashi , Ito Hideki ,   the Japanese Elderly Diabetes Intervention Trial Study Group
Published: March 2012

Aim:  To determine the status of nutritional intake in elderly Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes aged 65 years or older, and to clarify relations of nutritional intake to age, sex and body mass index (BMI).Design:  Clinical parameters and nutritional intake were investigated and compared in 912 (417 men, 495 women) elderly Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes registered to the Japanese Elderly Diabetes Intervention Trial.Results:  The mean daily energy intake of patients was 1802 kcal in men and 1661 kcal in women, respectively. The energy intakes per kilogram of standard bodyweight in both sexes and the energy intakes per kilogram of present bodyweight in men increased significantly with age. The protein : fat : carbohydrate (PFC) energy ratio (%E) was 15.2:25.4:59.5 in men, and 15.7:25.8:58.6 in women, respectively. Grain, oil, alcohol and soft drink intakes were higher in men than in women. Potato, fruit and green vegetable intakes were higher in women than in men. Fruit intake showed a significant age‐related increase in men. In women, there was an age‐related significant decrease of meat intake. An increase of BMI correlated with a significant increase in bodyweight, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist‐to‐hip ratio, triglycerides and diastolic blood pressure. The mean energy intake of three BMI groups, lean (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), normal (18.5 kg/m2 ≦ BMI < 25 kg/m2) and obese (25 kg/m2 ≦ BMI), were 1625, 1796 and 1839 kcal in men, and 1655, 1647 and 1685 kcal in women, respectively. However, BMI‐related increase of energy intake did not reach statistically significant levels in both sexes. Energyintake per kilogram of present bodyweight decreased as BMI increased in both sexes. Energy intake per kilogram of standard bodyweight increased significantly as BMI increased in men only, but not in women. There were no differences in PFC energy ratios among the three BMI groups. In contrast, intake of soft drinks in men increased significantly as BMI increased. In women, intakes of alcohol and soft drink increased significantly as BMI increased.Conclusion:  An increased energy intake per kilogram of standard bodyweight correlated with increase of BMI in men, but not in women. Intakes of soft drinks in both sexes and alcohol in women correlated with increase of BMI. These results suggest there are sex differences in the pathogenesis of obesity in elderly type 2 diabetic patients from an aspect of nutritional intake. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012; 12 (Suppl. 1): 29–40.
Lower physical activity is a strong predictor of cardiovascular events in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus beyond traditional risk factors: The Japanese elderly diabetes intervention trial
Authors: Iijima Katsuya , Iimuro Satoshi , Shinozaki Tomohiro , Ohashi Yasuo , Sakurai Takashi , Umegaki Hiroyuki , Araki Atsushi , Ouchi Yasuyoshi , Ito Hideki ,   the Japanese Elderly Diabetes Intervention Trial Investigator Group
Published: March 2012

Aim:  It is well known that a decline in physical activity is associated with lifestyle‐related diseases including cardiovascular (CV) events. However, little is known about the association between physical activity and CV events in elderly patients, because recent accumulating reports have mainly dealt with middle‐aged populations. In this study, we investigated the correlation between physical activity and CV events in Japanese elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods:  A total of 938 Japanese elderly patients with T2DM (447 men and 491 women, mean age 71.9 years) enrolled (2000–2002) in the Japanese Elderly Diabetes Intervention Trial (J‐EDIT) were used in this study. Physical activity consisting of three components, work, sports and leisure‐time, of their lifestyle was evaluated using the Baecke questionnaire at baseline. Total activity score (TAS) as a sum of each activity score was divided into four quartiles (Q1 to Q4).Results:  During a follow‐up period of 65.2 months, 165 events and 71 deaths in total occurred. Higher TAS grade was associated with reduced risk of all events (hazard ratios: 0.82, 0.77 and 0.54 in Q2, Q3 and Q4, respectively) with statistical significance. Even after multivariate adjustment for covariates, higher TAS grade was a strong predictor of all events, and the prediction by TAS of cerebrovascular events was more effective than that of cardiac events. In contrast, all‐cause mortality gradually decreased according to TAS grade; however, no statistical significance was found. Among the four grades of TAS, no significant change in several parameters, such as profiles of lipid and glucose metabolism, blood pressure, physical measurements, cognitive function and depression scale, was found throughout the follow‐up period, suggesting that the higher level of physical activity itself was associated with the risk reduction of primary events.Conclusion:  Lower physical activity is a strong and independent predictor of all CV events in the elderly with T2DM beyond traditional risk factors. In addition to strict management of each atherosclerotic risk factor, engagement with patients to augment and maintain the level of physical activity in their lifestyle is also essential in clinical practice. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012; 12 (Suppl. 1): 77–87.
Risk factors associated with cognitive decline in the elderly with type 2 diabetes: Pooled logistic analysis of a 6‐year observation in the Japanese elderly diabetes intervention trial
Authors: Umegaki Hiroyuki , Iimuro Satoshi , Shinozaki Tomohiro , Araki Atsushi , Sakurai Takashi , Iijima Katsuya , Ohashi Yasuo , Ito Hideki ,   the Japanese Elderly Diabetes Intervention Trial Study Group
Published: March 2012

Aim:  Considerable attention has been paid to the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cognitive dysfunction in the elderly. T2DM is often comorbid with several other metabolic disturbances, including hypertension and dyslipidemia. These comorbid diseases might be associated with cognitive impairment. Many clinical indices should be included as variables for the association with cognitive decline. In the current study, we tried to identify the associated factors with cognitive decline during a 6‐year period in elderly T2DM considering the changes in the clinical indices during the follow‐up period.Methods:  The subjects in the present study were 63 Japanese Elderly Interventional Trial participants who were administered the Mini‐Mental State Examination at baseline, at the third year, and at the end of the 6‐year follow‐up period. We applied the pooled logistic analysis method to consider the changes in clinical indices during the observation period and tried to identify the factors associated with cognitive decline during the 6 years in elderly type 2 diabetics using repeated measured data for glycated hemoglobin A1c, blood pressure and serum lipids.Results:  In the current study, low high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol and higher diastolic blood pressure were significantly associated with cognitive decline by pooled logistic analysis in the 6‐year observation of older diabetic subjects. Higher glycated hemoglobin A1c had a tendency toward association with cognitive decline.Conclusion:  The results suggest that comprehensive management of diabetes, including dyslipidemia and hypertension, might contribute to the prevention of declines in cognitive function in older diabetic patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012; 12 (Suppl. 1): 110–116.
A prospective, randomized comparative study of patient perceptions and preferences of two types of indwelling voice prostheses
Authors: Hancock Kelli , Ward Elizabeth , Lawson Nadine , As‐Brooks Corina J. van 
Published: March 2012

Abstract Background: Technical and device life issues are frequently the focus of post‐laryngectomy rehabilitation studies examining indwelling voice prostheses. Patient perceptions and preferences are considered less often.Aims: To determine patient perceptions of two indwelling voice prostheses across parameters relating to device use and maintenance and to determine what factors contribute to patient preferences.Methods & Procedures: In a randomized, cross‐over study, 31 laryngectomy patients completed a 3‐week trial of both the new indwelling Provox Vega and a comparator device, the Blom–Singer Classic Indwelling. Patient perceptions of the insertion process, cleaning and care, and voicing were explored after each trial. At the end, overall preference and factors influencing device preference were examined.Outcome & Results: At the conclusion of the crossover trial, a significantly higher proportion of patients felt voice effort, overall voicing, bloating, and ease and effectiveness of cleaning were superior for the Provox Vega. No preference was noted for insertion processes. Overall device preference was influenced by improved voicing followed by cleaning and care.Conclusions & Implications: Patients do not perceive all indwelling devices as equal and should have the opportunity to trial different devices to find the best device for their needs.
Community‐based early intervention for language delay: a preliminary investigation
Authors: Ciccone Natalie , Hennessey Neville , Stokes Stephanie F. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract Background: A trial parent‐focused early intervention (PFEI) programme for children with delayed language development is reported in which current research evidence was translated and applied within the constraints of available of clinical resources. The programme, based at a primary school, was run by a speech–language pathologist with speech–language pathology students.Aim: To investigate the changes in child language development and parent and child interactions following attendance at the PFEI.Methods & Procedures: Eighteen parents and their children attended six, weekly group sessions in which parents were provided with strategies to maximize language learning in everyday contexts. Pre‐ and post‐programme assessments of vocabulary size and measures of parent–child interaction were collected.Outcome & Results: Parents and children significantly increased their communicative interactions from pre‐ to post‐treatment. Children's expressive vocabulary size and language skills increased significantly. Large‐effect sizes were observed.Conclusions & Implications: The positive outcomes of the intervention programme contribute to the evidence base of intervention strategies and forms of service delivery for children at risk of language delay.
Clopidogrel Increases Bleeding Complications in Patients Undergoing Heart Rhythm Device Procedures
Authors: BOULÉ STÉPHANE , MARQUIÉ CHRISTELLE , VANESSON‐BRICOUT CLAIRE , KOUAKAM CLAUDE , BRIGADEAU FRANÇOIS , GUÉDON‐MOREAU LAURENCE , ACHERÉ CHARLES , GOÉMINNE‐BOULÉ CÉLINE , LACROIX DOMINIQUE , KLUG DIDIER , KACET SALEM 
Published: March 2012

Background:

Management of antiplatelet therapy at the time of device implantation remains controversial. This study aimed to assess the risk of bleeding complications in patients receiving clopidogrel at the time of cardiac device surgery.
Methods:

We performed a retrospective case‐control study. Between 2004 and 2010, 101 consecutive patients receiving clopidogrel underwent cardiac device surgery (pacemaker or implantable cardioverter–defibrillator implantation, and generator replacement) in our institution. Controls were 1:1 matched on age, sex, device, type of procedure, number of leads implanted, and venous approach (cephalic or subclavian). A significant bleeding complication was defined as pocket hematoma requiring surgical evacuation or prolonged hospitalization, hemothorax, pericardial effusion, or tamponade.
Results:

Bleeding complications occurred more frequently in patients receiving clopidogrel at the time of device procedure: 11.9% versus 4.0% (P = 0.037; odds radio [OR] 3.27 [1.02–10.5]). Significant bleeding complications were noted in 12 patients (11.9%) receiving clopidogrel, including two patients with pericardial effusion and one patient with hemothorax. Four controls (4.0%) had bleeding complications (three pocket hematomas and one pericardial effusion). The single factor associated with increased bleeding complications in patients receiving clopidogrel was subclavian puncture (P = 0.008). In the entire cohort (n = 202), multivariate analysis identified two independent predictors of significant bleeding complications: clopidogrel treatment at the time of surgery (P = 0.03; OR 3.7 [1.1–12.6]) and subclavian venous puncture (P = 0.03; OR 3.44 [1.1–10.4]).
Conclusions:

Clopidogrel treatment at the time of heart rhythm device procedures is associated with an increased risk of significant bleeding complications. Subclavian puncture seems to strongly increase hemorrhagic complications in this setting. (PACE 2012; 1–7)
Attentional Factors in Conceptual Congruency
Authors: Santiago Julio , Ouellet Marc , Román Antonio , Valenzuela Javier 
Published: March 2012

AbstractConceptual congruency effects are biases induced by an irrelevant conceptual dimension of a task (e.g., location in vertical space) on the processing of another, relevant dimension (e.g., judging words’ emotional evaluation). Such effects are a central empirical pillar for recent views about how the mind/brain represents concepts. In the present paper, we show how attentional cueing (both exogenous and endogenous) to each conceptual dimension succeeds in modifying both the manifestation and the symmetry of the effect. The theoretical implications of this finding are discussed.
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine –where do we stand?
Authors: Horch Raymund E. , Kneser Ulrich , Polykandriotis Elias , Schmidt Volker J. , Sun Jiaming , Arkudas Andreas 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIntroductionIntrinsic and extrinsic vascularization of TE constructs – the AV‐loop modelGene Transfer TechniquesCombining mesenchymal stem cells with the AV‐loop model of intrinsic vascularizationTE and RM in the context of Cancer ResearchNewly discovered cells of potential benefit for RMSummaryTissue Engineering (TE) in the context of Regenerative Medicine (RM) has been hailed for many years as one of the most important topics in medicine in the twenty‐first century. While the first clinically relevantTEefforts were mainly concerned with the generation of bioengineered skin substitutes, subsequentlyTEapplications have been continuously extended to a wide variety of tissues and organs. The advent of either embryonic or mesenchymal adult stem‐cell technology has fostered many of the efforts to combine this promising tool withTEapproaches and has merged the field into the term Regenerative Medicine. As a typical example in translational medicine, the discovery of a new type of cells called Telocytes that have been described in many organs and have been detected by electron microscopy opens another gate toRM. Besides cell‐therapy strategies, the application of gene therapy combined withTEhas been investigated to generate tissues and organs. The vascularization of constructs plays a crucial role besides the matrix and cell substitutes. Therefore, novelin vivomodels of vascularization have evolved allowing axial vascularization with subsequent transplantation of constructs. This article is intended to give an overview over some of the most recent developments and possible applications inRMthrough the perspective ofTEachievements and cellular research. The synthesis ofTEwith innovative methods of molecular biology and stem‐cell technology appears to be very promising.
Deletion of angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene or scavenge of superoxide prevents chronic alcohol‐induced aortic damage and remodelling
Authors: Bai Yang , Tan Yi , Wang Bo , Miao Xiao , Chen Qiang , Zheng Yang , Cai Lu 
Published: March 2012

AbstractTo investigate whether chronic alcohol consumption induces vascular injury via angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 (AT1) receptor‐dependent superoxide generation, male transgenic mice with knockout of AT1 gene (AT1‐KO) and age‐matched wild‐type (WT) C57BL/6 mice were pair‐fed a modified Lieber‐DeCarli alcohol or isocaloric maltose dextrin control liquid diet for 2 months. Ethanol content (%, W/V) in the diet was 4.8 (34% of total calories) at initiation, and gradually increased up to 5.4 (38% of total calories). For some WT mice with and without alcohol treatment, superoxide dismutase mimetic (MnTMPyP) was given simultaneously by intraperitoneal injection at 5 mg/kg body weight daily for 2 months. At the end of studies, aortas were harvested for histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. Significant increases in the wall thickness and structural disarrangement of aorta were found in alcohol group, along with significant increases in aortic oxidative and/or nitrosative damage, expressions of NADPH oxidases (NOXs), inflammatory response, cell death and proliferation, and remodelling (fibrosis). However, these pathological changes were completely attenuated in alcohol‐treated AT1‐KO mice or in alcohol‐treated WT mice that were also simultaneously treated with MnTMPyP for 2 months. These results suggest that chronic alcohol consumption may activate NOX via Ang II/AT1 receptor, to generate superoxide and associated peroxynitrite that in turn causes aortic nitrosative damage, inflammation, cell death and proliferation, and remodelling. Therefore, blocking Ang II/AT1 system or scavenging superoxide may become a potential preventive and/therapeutic approach to alcoholic vascular damage.
Utility of toluidine blue as a diagnostic adjunct in the detection of potentially malignant disorders of the oral cavity – a clinical and histological assessment
Authors: Awan KH , Yang YH , Morgan PR , Warnakulasuriya S 
Published: March 2012

Oral Diseases (2012) 18, 728–733Background:  The value of chairside adjunctive tests in the detection of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) remains uncertain.Objectives:  To determine the effectiveness of toluidine blue in detecting leukoplakia and erythroplakia and its accuracy in identifying cases with oral epithelial dysplasia.Materials and Methods:  Ninety‐two patients attending two oral medicine clinics in London, presenting with white and red patches of the oral mucosa, were investigated by the application of toluidine blue. Eighty‐two patients were clinically diagnosed as OPMDs and 10 were frictional keratoses. A surgical biopsy was performed to assess epithelial dysplasia.Results:  Of 64 oral leukoplakias, 34 (53.1%) were positive for toluidine blue and among nine erythroplakias seven stained positive. Of 41 oral dysplasia cases, a little more than half of the lesions (n = 23) were stain positive, an estimated sensitivity of 56.1%. TBlue test had a higher sensitivity for detecting higher‐grade dysplastic lesions (5/8 moderate dysplasia, sensitivity 62.5%; 5/7 severe dysplasia; sensitivity 71.4%) compared with lower grades of dysplasia, but the differences were not significant (P = 0.60).Conclusions:  We report here the utility of TBlue for the detection of oral leukoplakia and erythroplakia. The test has the potential to detect OPMDs and yielded a sensitivity of 56.1% and specificity of 56.9% to detect oral epithelial dysplasia.