bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two‐Way Shape Changes of a Shape‐Memory Poly(ester urethane)
Authors: Bothe Martin , Pretsch Thorsten 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPhase‐segregated PEU exhibits two‐way shape changes under various constant stresses. Most distinct actuation (expansion on cooling and contraction on heating) can be detected between +60 and −20 °C when the maximum stress applied during a thermo‐mechanical pretreatment approached the point where deformation‐induced crystallization of the PBA soft segment sets in. The driving forces for the strain‐related two‐way shape changes consist of PBA crystallization and PBA melting‐induced entropy elasticity. At low constant stresses (<1.5 MPa), entropy elasticity also contributes to specimen expansion on cooling. The results of multiple‐ cycling experiments imply that PEU is an appropriate candidate for the fabrication of thermoresponsive actuators working under constant stress conditions.
Induced Charge Effect by Co(II) Complexation on the Conformation of a Copolymer Containing a Bidentate 2‐(1,2,3‐Triazol‐4‐yl)pyridine Chelating Unit
Authors: Happ Bobby , Pavlov Georges M. , Perevyazko Igor , Hager Martin D. , Winter Andreas , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPoly(alkyl methacrylate) copolymers embedding bidentate trzpy chelating units as comonomer in the side chains are synthesized utilizing the controlled radical RAFT polymerization process. The free trzpy units are complexed by iron(II) and cobalt(II) ions, which results in characteristic UV‐Vis absorption bands and an increase of solution viscosity. The intramolecular complexation with Co(II) ions is studied by different analytical ultracentrifugation experiments. Following the addition of a small amount of Co(II) ions, a significant decrease of the intrinsic sedimentation coefficient is observed that can be explained by the elongation of the individual polymer coils due to the electrostatic repulsion of the coordinated Co(II) ions.
The double sign of a real division algebra of finite dimension greater than one
Authors: Darpö Erik , Dieterich Ernst 
Published: May 2012

AbstractFor any real division algebra A of finite dimension greater than one, the signs of the determinants of left multiplication and right multiplication by an element a ∈ A∖{0} are shown to form an invariant of A, called its double sign. For each n ∈ {2, 4, 8}, the double sign causes the category \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathbb {D}_n$\end{document} of all n‐dimensional real division algebras to decompose into four blocks. The structures of these blocks are closely related, and their relationship is made precise for a sample of full subcategories of \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb,mathrsfs}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathscr {D}_n$\end{document}.
On nonlocal BVPs with nonlinear boundary conditions with asymptotically sublinear or superlinear growth
Authors: Goodrich C. S. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this paper we deduce the existence of at least one positive solution to boundary value problems with nonlinear, nonlocal boundary conditions, which have either asymptotically sublinear or asymptotically superlinear growth. Our model problem is y″ = −λf(t, y(t)), 0 < t < 1, subject to y(0) = H(ϕ(y)) and y(1) = 0, where H is a continuous function, which captures the nonlinearity of the boundary condition at t = 0, and ϕ(y) is a linear functional, which captures the nonlocality of the boundary condition at t = 0. We argue that this problem has at least one positive solution by imposing only an asymptotic growth condition on the function H together with some additional hypotheses on ϕ.
Q‐matrices as pseudo‐differential operators with negative definite symbols
Authors: Evans Kristian , Jacob Niels 
Published: May 2012

AbstractOperators induced by Q‐matrices on \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$l_p(\mathbb {Z}^m)$\end{document} are shown to satisfy the positive maximum principle and to have a representation as a pseudo‐differential operator with symbol \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$q:\mathbb {Z}^m\times T^m\rightarrow \mathbb {C}$\end{document} which is with respect to the co‐variable negative definite (in the sense of Schoenberg). This observation leads already towards a more geometric interpretation of the transition matrix of the associated Markov chain.
An improved nonintrusive global–local approach for sharp thermal gradients in a standard FEA platform
Authors: Plews J. , Duarte C.A. , Eason T. 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYSeveral classes of important engineering problems—in this case, problems exhibiting sharp thermal gradients—have solution features spanning multiple spatial scales and, therefore, necessitate advancedhpfinite element discretizations. Althoughhp‐FEM is unavailable off‐the‐shelf in many predominant commercial analysis software packages, the authors herein propose a novel method to introduce these capabilities via a generalized FEM nonintrusively in a standard finite element analysis (FEA) platform. The methodology is demonstrated on two verification problems as well as a representative, industrial‐scale problem. Numerical results show that the techniques utilized allow for accurate resolution of localized thermal features on structural‐scale meshes withouthp‐adaptivity or the ability to account for complex and very localized loads in the FEA code itself. This methodology enables the user to take advantage of all the benefits of bothhp‐FEM discretizations and the appealing features of many available computer‐aided engineering /FEA software packages to obtain optimal convergence for challenging multiscale problems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
18‐fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) evaluation of nodular lesions in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 and plexiform neurofibromas (PN) or malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST)
Authors: Meany Holly , Dombi Eva , Reynolds James , Whatley Millie , Kurwa Ambereen , Tsokos Maria , Salzer Wanda , Gillespie Andrea , Baldwin Andrea , Derdak Joanne , Widemann Brigitte 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) are at risk for developing malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST), which frequently arise in preexisting plexiform neurofibromas (PN). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with volumetric analysis and 18‐fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) were utilized to monitor symptomatic nodular lesions.ProcedurePatients with NF1 and PN on a NCI natural history trial were monitored for total body tumor volume (TTV) using volumetric MRI. FDG‐PET was performed in individuals with a nodular well‐demarcated lesion ≥3 cm if they were growing, painful, or there was a prior history of MPNST (target lesions). Asymptomatic nodular lesions were evaluated as non‐target lesions.ResultsFifteen patients (8m, 7f) median age of 18.3 years (range, 10–45 years) had a single target and non‐target (n = 46) nodular lesions identified on MRI. Target lesions arose within (n = 8) or outside (n = 3) a PN, and all but 1 had increased FDG uptake. FDG uptake was increased in non‐target lesions but to a lesser degree. FDG uptake in the surrounding PN was low, similar to background activity. Pathologic evaluation performed in 11 patients demonstrated neurofibroma (n = 6), atypical neurofibroma (n = 2) and malignancy (n = 3).ConclusionsNodular target lesions identified on MRI in individuals with NF1 and PN demonstrate increased FDG uptake similar to MPNST, but may be benign on biopsy. Nodular target lesions may be at greater risk for malignant transformation, but their biologic and clinical behavior has not been well studied. Careful longitudinal evaluation will be required to better understand the malignant potential of these lesions. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 59–64. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differential occurrence of S100A7 in breast cancer tissues: A proteomic‐based investigation
Authors: Cancemi Patrizia , Di Cara Gianluca , Albanese Nadia Ninfa , Costantini Francesca , Marabeti Maria Rita , Musso Rosa , Riili Ignazio , Lupo Carmelo , Roz Elena , Pucci‐Minafra Ida 
Published: May 2012

PurposeThe present study reports for the first time a large‐scale proteomic screening of the occurrence, subcellular localization and relative quantification of the S100A7 protein among a group of 100 patients, clinically grouped for the diagnosis of infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC).Experimental designTo this purpose, the methods of differential proteomics, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry were used.ResultsThe identity of two isoforms of the protein was assessed by mass spectrometry and immunologically confirmed. Moreover, we proved by immunocytochemical applications the exclusive localization of the protein within the neoplastic cells. The correlation of S100A7 expression levels with the collective profile of cancer patients’ proteomics predicted functional interactions, distinct for the two isoforms. The S100A7b isoform was significantly correlated with specific protein clusters (calcium binding, signaling and cell motion, heat shock and folding) and intercrossing pathways (antioxidant, metabolic and apoptotic pathways), while the more acidic isoform was correlated with a narrow number of proteins mainly unrelated to the b isoform.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThis study is the first proteomic‐based report on S100A7 in a large series of IDC patients. The correlation with in silico data may significantly contribute the knowledge of possible pathways for S100A7, providing novel insights into the mechanism of action of this protein. We suggest that each S100A7 isoform is involved in critical phases of the breast cancer growth and progression, probably through interaction with different partner proteins.
Angiotensin‐(1‐7) attenuates metastatic prostate cancer and reduces osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Krishnan Bhavani , Smith Thomas L. , Dubey Purnima , Zapadka Michael E. , Torti Frank M. , Willingham Mark C. , Tallant E. Ann , Gallagher Patricia E. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDAngiotensin‐(1‐7) [Ang‐(1‐7)] is an endogenous, heptapeptide hormone with anti‐proliferative and anti‐angiogenic properties. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether Ang‐(1‐7) effectively reduces prostate cancer metastasis in mice.METHODSHuman PC3 prostate cancer cells were injected into the aortic arch via the carotid artery of SCID mice pre‐treated with Ang‐(1‐7) or injected into the tibia of athymic mice, administered Ang‐(1‐7) for 5 weeks beginning 2 weeks post‐injection. Tumor growth and volume were determined by bioluminescent and magnetic resonance imaging. The presence of tumors was confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin staining; TRAP histochemistry was used to identify osteolytic lesions. The effect of Ang‐(1‐7) on osteoclastogenesis was assessed in differentiated bone marrow cells.RESULTSPre‐treatment with Ang‐(1‐7) prevented metastatic tumor formation following intra‐aortic injection of PC3 cells, while 83% of untreated mice developed tumors in metastatic sites. Circulating VEGF was significantly higher in control mice compared to mice administered Ang‐(1‐7). A 5‐week regimen of the heptapeptide hormone attenuated intra‐tibial tumor growth; Ang‐(1‐7) was significantly higher in the tibia of treated mice than in control animals. Osteoclastogenesis was reduced by 50% in bone marrow cells differentiated in the presence of Ang‐(1‐7), suggesting that the heptapeptide hormone prevents the formation of osteolytic lesions to reduce tumor survival in the bone microenvironment.CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest that Ang‐(1‐7) may serve as an anti‐angiogenic and anti‐metastatic agent for advanced prostate cancer. By extension, the heptapeptide hormone may provide effective therapy for bone metastasis produced from primary tumors of the lung and breast. Prostate 73: 71–82, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Negative refraction in anisotropic metamaterials
Authors: Prieto‐López Carlos , Barrera Rubén G. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this paper we analyse the self‐propagation of electromagnetic modes within an uniaxial non‐absorbing metamaterial with anisotropic electric permittivity and anisotropic magnetic pemeability, for arbitrary values of the anisotropy ratios ε∥/ε⟂ and µ∥/µ⟂. We then solve the problem of refraction and reflection from a flat interface of this material when the interface is perpendicular to the optical axis. We establish the general conditions under which negative refraction occurs and study some properties of refraction, reflection and their potential applications.
Luminescence efficiency of phosphors with periodically patterned surface
Authors: Barabanenkov Mikhail Yu. , Davidyuk Georgy E. , Mironchuk Galina L. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe propose a principal scheme of external efficiency enhancement of phosphor luminescence, in particular chalcogenide semiconductor CdS. Green, orange, red, and near infrared frequencies can be enhanced and filtered from a continuous emission spectra of CdS phosphor on the basis of two different effects: (i) radiation stimulated formation of optically active defects in the phosphor structure; (ii) resonance diffraction of emitted photons on a patterned (regular system of etching grooves or/and metal lamellar grating) structure surface. We calculate the reflection spectra of an one dimensional resonant diffraction grating with single (CdS) and binary (CdS/Au) strip‐like rulings by the Riccati equation method. The gratings will control the emission angle cone and couple exponentially decaying (evanescent) part of phosphor radiance to air, which is a new mechanism of external efficiency enhancement (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
4H‐ and 6H‐SiC UV photodetectors
Authors: Östlund Ludwig , Wang Qin , Esteve Romain , Almqvist Susanne , Rihtnesberg David , Reshanov Sergey , Zhang Andy Z. Z. , Lim Jang‐Kwon , Bakowski Mietek , Schöner Adolf , Kaplan Wlodek 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this work, wafer‐scale 4H‐ and 6H‐SiC lateral and vertical Schottky UV photodetectors (PDs) and arrays were fabricated, characterized and compared. The lateral type device was configured as a metal‐semiconductor‐metal (MSM) photodetector with different finger electrode widths and spacing between the fingers. The vertical type devices were formed utilizing the MSM electrodes as a top contact and a Ni contact on the wafer backside. Both types of device were fabricated on the same wafer, as seen in the abstract figure, where the transparent part of the wafer contains lateral devices and the opaque part contains vertical devices. This enables a direct comparison of the performance of the different devices types. The best fabricated PDs exhibited a UV to dark current ratio of about five orders of magnitude. The dark current was measured to be about 100 fA (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An error model for instantaneous satellite rainfall estimates: evaluation of BRAIN‐TMI over West Africa
Authors: Kirstetter Pierre‐Emmanuel , Viltard Nicolas , Gosset Marielle 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCharacterising the error associated with satellite rainfall estimates based on space‐borne passive and active microwave measurements is a major issue for many applications, such as water budget studies or assessment of natural hazards caused by extreme rainfall events. We focus here on the error structure of the Bayesian Rain retrieval Algorithm Including Neural Network (BRAIN), the algorithm that provides instantaneous quantitative precipitation estimates at the surface based on the MADRAS radiometer on board the Megha‐Tropiques satellite. A version of BRAIN using data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) has been compared to reference values derived either from TRMM Precipitation Radar (PR) or from a ground validation (GV) dataset. The ground‐based measurements were provided by two densified rain‐gauge networks in West Africa, using a geostatistical framework. The comparisons were carried out at the BRAIN retrieval scale for TMI (instantaneous and 12.5 km) and over a ten‐year‐long period. The primary contribution of this study is to provide some insight into the most significant error sources of satellite rainfall retrieval. This involves comparisons of rainfall detectability, distributions and spatial representativeness, as well as separation of systematic biases and random errors using Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape. In spite of their different sampling properties, the three rain estimates were found to detect rainfall consistently. The most important BRAIN‐TMI error is due to the rain/no‐rain delimitation which causes about 20% of volume rainfall loss relative to PR and GV. BRAIN‐TMI presents a narrow PDF relative to GV and catches the spatial structure of the most active part of rain fields. The conditional bias is significant (e.g. +2 mm h−1 for light‐moderate rain rates, −2 mm h−1 for rain rates greater than 8 mm h−1) and the overall bias is within 10%. The PR shows a significant underestimation for high rain rates with respect to GV. The proposed framework could be applied to the evaluation of other passive microwave sensors (SSMI, AMSR‐E or MADRAS) or rainfall satellite products. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Constructing an SOA‐based model for integrating design‐centric Internet‐mediated product information
Authors: Cheng Yune‐Yu , Liu Shuo‐Fang , Lai Hsin‐His 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAn online platform focusing on intermediary transaction can provide its users with needed products and services. Also, it can be used to collect, exchange, and integrate product information which involves design, production, and marketing, as well as consumer feedback. Currently, it is rather difficult to integrate and share the knowledge coming from different stages of product development. In view of that, we have employed the service‐oriented architecture (SOA) to construct a design‐centric, Web‐intermediary, and knowledge‐sharing platform (DWKSP). The platform in question integrates all product samples belonging to different users. Moreover, it serves as the underlying infrastructure which communicates and transmits product information. Through Extensible Markup Language (XML) technology, different fields of knowledge are integrated into the programmed procedure of an Internet‐mediated transaction (IMT). Such knowledge is closely connected with designing, manufacturing, and marketing a particular product. Consequently, the knowledge accumulated during an IMT will be structurally preserved; later, it will be transmitted between the users' heterogeneous systems. As the specification files of the product are shared by different users, the goal of integrating heterogeneous data is achieved. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 15
Cytoskeleton in action: lissencephaly, a neuronal migration disorder
Authors: Moon Hyang Mi , Wynshaw‐Boris Anthony 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDuring neocortical development, the extensive migratory movements of neurons from their place of birth to their final location are essential for the coordinated wiring of synaptic circuits and proper neurological function. Failure or delay in neuronal migration causes severe abnormalities in cortical layering, which consequently results in human lissencephaly (‘smooth brain’), a neuronal migration disorder. The brains of lissencephaly patients have less‐convoluted gyri in the cerebral cortex with impaired cortical lamination of neurons. Since microtubule (MT) and actin‐associated proteins play important functions in regulating the dynamics of MT and actin cytoskeletons during neuronal migration, genetic mutations or deletions of crucial genes involved in cytoskeletal processes lead to lissencephaly in human and neuronal migration defects in mouse. During neuronal migration, MT organization and transport are controlled by platelet‐activating factor acetylhydrolase isoform 1b regulatory subunit 1 (PAFAH1B1, formerly known as LIS1, Lissencephaly‐1), doublecortin (DCX), YWHAE, and tubulin. Actin stress fibers are modulated by PAFAH1B1 (LIS1), DCX, RELN, and VLDLR (very low‐density lipoprotein receptor)/LRP8 (low‐density lipoprotein‐related receptor 8, formerly known as APOER2). There are several important levels of crosstalk between these two cytoskeletal systems to establish accurate cortical patterning in development. The recent understanding of the protein networks that govern neuronal migration by regulating cytoskeletal dynamics, from human and mouse genetics as well as molecular and cellular analyses, provides new insights on neuronal migration disorders and may help us devise novel therapeutic strategies for such brain malformations. WIREs Dev Biol 2013, 2:229–245. doi: 10.1002/wdev.67This article is categorized under:

Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: General Principles
Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: Regional Development
Birth Defects > Craniofacial and Nervous System Anomalies
Electroshocking as a survey technique for stream‐dwelling amphibians
Authors: Cossel John O. , Gaige Monica G. , Sauder Joel D. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractElectroshocking has long been employed as a survey technique for fish, but has not been directly tested against rock rolling as a survey methodology for stream‐dwelling amphibians. Electroshocking has the potential to reduce habitat disturbances that result from surveys, improve abundance estimates, and reduce injuries and effort in collecting data. Furthermore, accurately quantifying species and survey technique‐specific estimates of detection probabilities is critical for appropriately interpreting survey results and employing occupancy analyses. We tested the efficiency and sensitivity of rock rolling and electroshocking in detecting Idaho giant salamanders (Dicamptodon aterrimus) in a small stream in northern Idaho, USA, by sampling short (25 m) segments of a stream using both survey techniques. We also conducted multi‐pass surveys of 400‐m stream segments to estimate detection probabilities for D. aterrimus and Rocky Mountain tailed frog (Ascaphus montanus). Using electroshocking, we detected D. aterrimus 40% more often than by rock rolling and detected 3.5 times as many individuals, with substantially reduced effort. Using electroshocking, detection probabilities were 1.0 for D. aterrimus and 0.79 (95% CI = 0.63–0.88) for A. montanus. Our results show electroshocking to be a much more sensitive and efficient method of detecting stream‐dwelling amphibians than the traditional technique of rock rolling. Electroshocking can serve as an important survey technique for secretive stream‐dwelling amphibians, allowing managers to quickly and safely acquire valuable data of better quality. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.