bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virtual team collaboration: building shared meaning, resolving breakdowns and creating translucence
Authors: Bjørn Pernille , Ngwenyama Ojelanki 
Published: April 2009

AbstractManaging international teams with geographically distributed participants is a complex task. The risk of communication breakdowns increases due to cultural and organizational differences grounded in the geographical distribution of the participants. Such breakdowns indicate general misunderstandings and a lack of shared meaning between participants. In this paper, we address the complexity of building shared meaning. We examine the communication breakdowns that occurred in two globally distributed virtual teams by providing an analytical distinction of the organizational context as the foundation for building shared meaning at three levels. Also we investigate communication breakdowns that can be attributed to differences in lifeworld structures, organizational structures, and work process structures within a virtual team. We find that all communication breakdowns are manifested and experienced by the participants at the work process level; however, resolving breakdowns may require critical reflection at other levels. Where previous research argues that face‐to‐face interaction is an important variable for virtual team performance, our empirical observations reveal that communication breakdowns related to a lack of shared meaning at the lifeworld level often becomes more salient when the participants are co‐located than when geographically distributed. Last, we argue that creating translucence in communication structures is essential for building shared meanings at all three levels.
Impact of audit and feedback on antipsychotic prescribing in schizophrenia
Authors: Wheeler Amanda , Humberstone Verity , Robinson Elizabeth , Sheridan Janie , Joyce Peter 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjective  To examine the impact of audit and feedback on antipsychotic prescribing for schizophrenia outpatients over 4.5 years.Methods  Clinical files in three mental health services caring for outpatients in Auckland, New Zealand were reviewed at two time‐points (March 2000, October 2004). After the first audit, feedback was provided to all three services. Baseline prescribing variations between services were found for antipsychotic combinations and second‐generation antipsychotic (SGA) prescribing, in particular clozapine. In two services audit and feedback continued with two interim reviews (October 2001, March 2003). Specific feedback and interventions targeting clozapine use were introduced in both services. No further audit or feedback occurred in the third service until the final audit. Data were collected (patient characteristics, diagnosis, antipsychotic treatment) and analysed at each audit.Results  Three prescribing variables (antipsychotic monotherapy, SGA and clozapine use) were consistent with practice recommendations at the final audit (85.7%, 82.7% and 34.5% respectively) and had changed in the desired direction for all three services over the 4.5 years. At baseline there were differences between the three services. One service had baseline prescribing variables closest to recommendations, was actively involved in audit, and improved further. The second service, also actively involved in audit had baseline prescribing variables further from recommendations but improved the most. The service not involved in continuing audit and feedback made smaller changes, and SGA and clozapine use at endpoint were significantly lower despite at baseline being comparable to the service which improved the most.Conclusions  This study found audit and feedback to be an effective intervention in closing the gap between recommended and routine clinical practice for antipsychotic prescribing in schizophrenia.
Clinician's use of the Statin Choice decision aid in patients with diabetes: a videographic study nested in a randomized trial
Authors: Abadie Roberto , Weymiller Audrey J. , Tilburt Jon , Shah Nilay D. , Charles Cathy , Gafni Amiram , Montori Victor M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjective  To describe how clinicians use decision aids.Background  A 98‐patient factorial‐design randomized trial of the Statin Choice decision vs. standard educational pamphlet; each participant had a 1:4 chance of receiving the decision aid during the encounter with the clinician resulting in 22 eligible encounters.Design  Two researchers working independently and in duplicate reviewed and coded the 22 encounter videos.Setting and participants  Twenty‐two patients with diabetes (57% of them on statins) and six endocrinologists working in a referral diabetes clinic randomly assigned to use the decision aid during the consultation.Main outcome measures  Proportion and nature of unintended use of the Statin Choice decision aid.Results  We found eight encounters involving six clinicians who did not use the decision aid as intended either by not using it at all (n = 5; one clinician did use the decision aid in three encounters), offering inaccurate quantitative and probabilistic information about the risks and benefits of statins (n = 2), or using the decision aid to advance the agenda that all patients with diabetes should take statin (n = 1). Clinicians used the decision aid as intended in all other encounters.Conclusions  Unintended decision aid use in the context of videotaped encounters in a practical randomized trial was common. These instances offer insights to researchers seeking to design and implement effective decision aids for use during the clinical visit, particularly when clinicians may prefer to proceed in ways that the decision aid apparently contradicts.
Immune responses of Asian sea bass, Lates calcarifer Bloch, against an inactivated betanodavirus vaccine
Authors: Pakingking Jr R , Seron R , Dela Peña L , Mori K , Yamashita H , Nakai T 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAsian sea bass, Lates calcarifer (Bloch), exhibited strong immune responses against a single injection of the formalin‐inactivated red‐spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV), a betanodavirus originally isolated in Japan. Fish produced neutralizing antibodies at high titre levels from days 10 (mean titre 1:480) to 116 (1:1280), with the highest titre at day 60 post‐vaccination (1:4480). When fish were challenged with the homologous RGNNV at day 54 post‐vaccination, there were no mortalities in both the vaccinated and unvaccinated control fish. However, a rapid clearance of the virus was observed in the brains and kidneys of vaccinated fish, followed by a significant increase in neutralizing‐antibody titres. Furthermore, the vaccine‐induced antibodies potently neutralized Philippine betanodavirus isolates (RGNNV) in a cross‐neutralization assay. The present results indicate the potential of the formalin‐inactivated RGNNV vaccine against viral nervous necrosis (VNN) of Asian seabass.
Extensive expression regulation and lack of heterologous enzymatic activity of the Class II trehalose metabolism proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: RAMON MATTHEW , DE SMET IVE , VANDESTEENE LIES , NAUDTS MIRANDE , LEYMAN BARBARA , VAN DIJCK PATRICK , ROLLAND FILIP , BEECKMAN TOM , THEVELEIN JOHAN M. 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTTrehalose metabolism has profound effects on plant growth and metabolism, but the mechanisms involved are unclear. In Arabidopsis, 21 putative trehalose biosynthesis genes are classified in three subfamilies based on their similarity with yeast TPS1 (encoding a trehalose‐6‐phosphate synthase, TPS) or TPS2 (encoding a trehalose‐6‐phosphate phosphatase, TPP). Although TPS1 (Class I) and TPPA and TPPB (Class III) proteins have established TPS and TPP activity, respectively, the function of the Class II proteins (AtTPS5‐AtTPS11) remains elusive. A complete set of promoter‐β‐glucurinidase/green fluorescent protein reporters demonstrates their remarkably differential tissue‐specific expression and responsiveness to carbon availability and hormones. Heterologous expression in yeast furthermore suggests that none of the encoded enzymes displays significant TPS or TPP activity, consistent with a regulatory rather than metabolic function for this remarkable class of proteins.
Mechanisms of gene repression by vernalization in Arabidopsis
Authors: Sheldon Candice C. , Jean Finnegan E. , James Peacock W. , Dennis Elizabeth S. 
Published: April 2009

Summary FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) is a major regulator of flowering time in Arabidopsis. Repression of FLC occurs in response to prolonged cold exposure (vernalization) and is associated with an enrichment of the repressive histone modification trimethylated H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) and a depletion of the active histone modification H3K4me3 at FLC chromatin. In two cases genes adjacent to FLC are also repressed by vernalization. NEOMYCIN PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE II (NPTII) adjacent to an FLC transgene is repressed by vernalization, and this is associated with an increase in H3K27me3, demonstrating that the epigenetic repression of FLC can confer a repressed epigenetic state to an adjacent transcription unit. The second case involves the two genes adjacent to the endogenous FLC gene, UPSTREAM OF FLC (UFC) and DOWNSTREAM OF FLC (DFC). Both genes are repressed by vernalization (Finnegan et al., 2004), but they require neither cis‐acting nor trans‐acting factors derived from the FLC gene nor the VERNALIZATION2 (VRN2) complex which trimethylates H3K27. This demonstrates that there are two different mechanisms of gene repression by vernalization. We further show that repression and H3K27 trimethylation of FLC still occurs in mutants of the VRN2 complex. In contrast, the VRN2 complex is essential for repression and H3K27 trimethylation of the FLC‐related MADS AFFECTING FLOWERING (MAF) genes by vernalization. This suggest that other proteins are able to repress FLC, but not MAF, gene expression.
Impact of ezetimibe on cholesterol subfractions in dyslipidemic cardiac transplant recipients receiving statin therapy
Authors: Le Vy‐Van , Racine Normand , Pelletier Guy B. , Carrier Michel , Cossette Mariève , White Michel 
Published: April 2009

Abstract:  Background:  Ezetimibe decreases cholesterol in cardiac transplant recipients intolerant to statins therapy. The effects of ezetimibe in addition to statins therapy and its relationship with the magnitude of dyslipidemia and statins utilization have not been studied in cardiac transplant recipients.Methods:  The design of this investigation was a retrospective case control study. Twenty‐two patients receiving the combination of therapy of statins plus ezetimibe were compared with 43 patients treated with statins only. The endpoints were assessed after three months of follow‐up.Results:  The addition of ezetimibe decreased low density lipoprotein‐cholesterol by 25% compared with a 4% increase in patients receiving statins only. The impact of ezetimibe was similar regardless of the magnitude of dyslipidemia or statins dosage. Ezetimibe increase high density lipoprotein (HDL)‐cholesterol only in patients with baseline HDL‐cholesterol above 1.3 mM/L (p < 0.05). There was an asymptomatic, but significant increase in creatinine kinase level [+31.4 ± 8.1 (ezetimibe) vs. + 1.5 ± 5.0 mM/L (placebo); p = 0.005].Conclusion:  Ezetimibe therapy provides a significant reduction in most cholesterol subfractions regardless of the magnitude of dyslipidemia and statins dosage.
Survival at low temperature of larvae of the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa from an area of range expansion
Authors: Hoch Gernot , Toffolo Edoardo Petrucco , Netherer Sigrid , Battisti Andrea , Schopf Axel 
Published: April 2009

Abstract1 Larvae of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) develop throughout the winter, although their feeding activity and survival can be impaired by adverse climatic factors. The present study investigated the survival at low temperature of larvae originating from a population with range expansion in an alpine valley in Northern Italy.2 The supercooling point of individually analysed larvae averaged at −7 °C. This value insufficiently described the cold hardiness of the larvae; 39% of the tested larvae were alive when returned to room temperature immediately after freezing. When larval colonies inside their nest were exposed to −17 °C for 1 h after gradual temperature decrease, survival was 70.4%.3 Rearing of larvae in the laboratory at different day/night temperatures indicated an effect of cumulative chill injury on larvae. A logistic regression explained the relationship between negative thermal sum (h°C below 0 °C) received in the laboratory experiment and larval survival. A similar relationship was demonstrated between negative thermal sum and survival of larval colonies in the field.4 In the laboratory experiment, some tested larvae were able to survive for up to 8 weeks without feeding depending on rearing temperature. As expected, feeding occurred only when larvae were reared at temperatures of 9 °C day/0 °C night.5 We classify the larvae of T. pityocampa as being moderate freezing tolerant. The winter behaviour allows this species to track climate warming by a rapid expansion into those areas that become compatible with the insect’s development.
Failed pelvic pouch substituted by continent ileostomy
Authors: Wasmuth H. H. , Tranø G. , Wibe A. , Endreseth B. H. , Rydning A. , Myrvold H. E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjective  The long‐term failure rate of ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA) is 10–15%. When salvage surgery is unsuccessful, most surgeons prefer pouch excision with conventional ileostomy, thus sacrificing 40–50 cm of ileum. Conversion of a pelvic pouch to a continent ileostomy (CI, Kock pouch) is an alternative that preserves both the ileal surface and pouch properties. The aim of the study was to evaluate clinical outcome after the construction of a CI following a failed IPAA.Method  During 1984–2007, 317 patients were operated with IPAA at St Olavs Hospital and evaluated for failure, treatment and outcome. Seven patients with IPAA failure had CI. Four patients with IPAA failure referred from other hospitals underwent conversion to CI and are included in the final analysis.Results  Seven patients had a CI constructed from the transposing pelvic pouch and four had the pelvic pouch removed and a new continent pouch constructed from the distal ileum. Median follow up after conversion to CI was 7 years (0–17 years). Two CI had to be removed due to fistulae. One patient needed a revision of the nipple valve due to pouch loosening. At the end of follow‐up, 8 of the 11 patients were fully continent. One patient with Crohn’s disease had minor leakage.Conclusion  In patients with pelvic pouch failure, the possibility of conversion to CI should be presented to the patient as an alternative to pouch excision and permanent ileostomy. The advantage is the continence and possibly a better body image. Construction of a CI on a new ileal segment may be considered, but the consequences of additional small bowel loss and risk of malnutrition if the Kock pouch fails should be appraised.
Subsidiarity in the Area of EU Justice and Home Affairs Law—A Lost Cause?
Authors: Herlin‐Karnell Ester 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis article intends to highlight the concept of subsidiarity in the area of the third pillar and EU criminal law more generally. In doing so, the article tries to show that criminal law could and should be seen as imbued with ‘subsidiarity’ and, more specifically, that it could be viewed as an expression of the principle of ultima ratio—a minimalism approach—in criminal law. Accordingly, the article asks why subsidiarity appears to be forgotten in third pillar matters despite its important function in this area. Moreover, the article confronts such a desired application of subsidiarity in the context of established EC law doctrine, by questioning whether it is possible simply to transplant the supranational discussion into the terrain of criminal law. Further, the article explores the function of Article 47 EU as the watchdog of the supranational sphere and discusses also briefly the phenomenon of enhanced cooperation in relation to the principle of subsidiarity in the domain of EU Justice and Home Affairs.
THE PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM, 1971
Authors: Ll.Brown R. , Hollwey J. R. , Weele A. J. Van Der , Thompson E. H. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFour papers were read during the first symposium to be held by the Photogrammetric Society, at the University of Birmingham on 3rd and 4th April. Major General R. LI. Brown examined the staff structure of the organisations engaged upon the photogrammetric production of maps in the United Kingdom. Mr. J. R. Hollwey outlined the syllabus for a new Higher National Certificate in photogrammetry during a session which was devoted to education and qualifications. Subsequently, Professor A. J. van der Weele explained the evolution of the courses at ITC. By way of contrast, Professor E. H. Thompson attempted a forecast of developments in photogrammetry during the next decade. The papers succeeded in initiating prolonged discussion among the 80 members who attended.
A SPECIFICATION AND CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT FOR TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYS
Authors: Austin W. T. F. , Parkes W. A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA second joint meeting between members of the Society, the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors and the Institution of Highway Engineers was held on 20th May, 1971. Since the first meeting (Record, 6(36): 521 ‐536) in December 1969, the Directorate of Highways, Department of the Environment (formerly the Ministry of Transport) has published a Specification and Conditions of Contract for Topographic Surveys. The purpose of this second meeting was to hear the comments of an engineer and a photogrammetrist on the new document and to discuss and criticise the document from the engineering and surveying points of view.
A COMPARISON OF FILM TYPE AND THE IMPORTANCE OF SEASON FOR INTERPETATION OF COASTAL MARSHLAND VEGETATION
Authors: Grimes B. H. , Hubbard J. C. E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA study of coastal marshland using panchromatic vertical aerial photography suggested that October was the best season of the year for the interpretation of vegetation while February was most suitable for examining topographical or pedological features. False colour film was used to isolate certain plants from bare mudflats where it was impossible to identify these by differences in texture or height.
Clostridium Difficile Infection in the “Oldest” Old: Clinical Outcomes in Patients Aged 80 and Older
Authors: Cober Eric D. , Malani Preeti N. 
Published: April 2009

OBJECTIVES: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) represents a cause of substantial morbidity, particularly for older adults. Although older age is a risk factor for CDI, few studies have specifically focused on clinical outcomes in older adults, particularly the “oldest” old.DESIGN: Retrospective review.SETTING: University of Michigan Health System.PARTICIPANTS: All patients aged 80 and older with a positive cytotoxin assay for C. difficile and a clinical course consistent with CDI during 2006.MEASUREMENTS: Clinical data were recorded, including comorbid conditions and treatment regimens, as well as outcomes, including treatment failure, infection relapse, and 90‐day mortality.RESULTS: Seventy patients aged 80 and older (mean 84.0±4.1) with CDI were identified. Metronidazole was given as initial therapy in 65 (92.8%); 18 of these 65 (27.7%) experienced treatment failure, requiring subsequent use of oral vancomycin. Serious adverse events included three episodes of toxic megacolon, two requiring colectomy. One death was directly attributable to CDI. All‐cause mortality was 8.6% at 30 days and 17.1% at 90 days. Higher white blood cell (WBC) counts were independently associated with treatment failure (P=.02) and coronary artery disease with 90‐day mortality (P=.02).CONCLUSION: In older adults with CDI, treatment failure on metronidazole occurred frequently and was associated with higher WBC count. Larger prospective studies are needed to determine risk factors for treatment failure and relapse in order to develop better paradigms for CDI treatment in older adults. Initial therapy with vancomycin may be appropriate for elderly patients, especially those with elevated WBC counts.
The Effect of Major and Minor Depression on Medicare Home Healthcare Services Use
Authors: Friedman Bruce , Delavan Rachel L. , Sheeran Thomas H. , Bruce Martha L. 
Published: April 2009

OBJECTIVES:To examine the associations between major and minor depression and categories of Medicare home healthcare use.DESIGN:Observational prospective study (1997–1999).SETTING:Visiting nurse agency in suburban New York State.PARTCIPANTS:Five hundred thirty‐nine new Medicare admissions aged 65 and older (mean age 78.4), 65.1% female, and 15.0% nonwhite. Approximately 13.5% were diagnosed with major depression and another 10.8% with minor depression.MEASUREMENTS:Consensus “best estimate”Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition(DSM‐IV) diagnoses for major and minor depression assessed using Structured Clinical Interviews for DSM‐IV (SCID) plus medical charts.RESULTS:Major and minor depression appear to have little association with probability and amount of use of the types of Medicare home health care (skilled nurse, home health aide, therapist (physical, occupational, and speech), and medical social services). Overall, patients with minor depression appear to have utilization similar to that of patients with major depression.CONCLUSION:It seems likely that any potential incremental depression effect on utilization is being offset by the transitional medical state of the patients that entered Medicare home healthcare directly from a hospital, nursing home, or rehabilitation facility, and the overall severity of disability and chronic illness present in long‐term home healthcare patients. Further research is required to determine whether similar findings occur in other home healthcare agencies and whether these are present under the current Medicare Prospective Payment System reimbursement mechanism.