bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, and the Deployment of Artificial Intelligence Within the Department of Defense
Authors: Darwish Sara , Bragaw-Butler Alison , Marcelli Paul , Gassner Kaylee 
Published: May 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) adoption has seen substantial growth across industries. This paper explores the escalating use of AI within the United States Department of Defense (DoD) and the implications that diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) have on Service members and Civilians across the Department. More specifically, this paper explores the DEI considerations within AI technologies on individual, team, and Department readiness. The DoD's AI usage spans various strategic and operational capabilities, however this paper explores two critical domains: healthcare and recruitment.
In healthcare, AI offers the promise of early disease detection, enhanced diagnostic capabilities, and streamlined administrative processes. However, potential biases stemming from homogenous training data threaten the accuracy and reliability of these systems, jeopardizing Service member health and eroding trust in AI-assisted medical decision-making and potentially the DoD at large.
In recruitment, while AI promises efficiency in identifying ideal candidates, its deployment can perpetuate biases, especially when the training data used is not representative of all demographics. Despite efforts to design "unbiased" systems by excluding demographic data, such strategies may inadvertently overlook the unique challenges faced by marginalized communities, further entrenching existing disparities.
Both case studies underscore the importance of considering DEI in the development and deployment of AI systems. As the DoD continues to integrate AI into its operations, this paper’s recommendations stress the necessity of continuous DEI assessment to ensure that AI serves as an asset rather than a liability. The authors recommend the following:
1.	Data diversity & review
2.	Continuous monitoring and calibration
3.	Stakeholder engagement
4.	Adoption of DEI requirements within Ethical AI Frameworks
5.	Further research
Fuzzy Logic Optimizes Global Inventory Management
Authors: Atika Dewi Nur , Sukmono Tedjo 
Published: May 2024

Inventory control is crucial for balancing customer demand and inventory levels, especially in make-to-order production systems like those in refrigeration manufacturing. This study addresses the challenges faced by a company producing sandwich panels, where inefficiencies in inventory processing led to overstock and outstock issues. By applying the fuzzy inventory control method using Python, the study aimed to optimize inventory levels. The results showed a 6% reduction in inventory, from 191,307 m² to 182,619.4627 m², demonstrating the method's effectiveness. This approach can improve inventory management in similar industrial settings, aligning production with demand and reducing excess inventory.
Highlight:

Efficiency Boost: Fuzzy logic optimizes inventory, minimizing overstock and outstock.
Precise Management: Python aids accurate inventory analysis for informed decisions.
Cost Savings: Aligning inventory with demand reduces excess, enhancing profitability.

Keywoard: Inventory control, Fuzzy logic, Optimization, Production management, Industrial engineering
Repair of Production Packer Leaks Riglessly Using Thermosetting Resin
Authors: Alo R. G. , Normann S. H. , Alam M. F. , Abdul Rani R. H. , Mappy M. B. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Leaks through the production packer, which serves as a primary barrier can compromise well integrity. Traditional methods to restore packer integrity typically entail costly workover operations, necessitating the deployment of a rig to replace the upper completion. This paper presents a cost-effective solution utilizing thermosetting resin, offering an economically viable alternative for remediating packer leaks without the need for heavy workover rigs.
The method employs gravity-feeding of thermosetting resin through the annular fluids to seal leaks located often thousands of meters deep. Resin is pumped into the annulus from the surface and descends by gravity to the packer, its cohesive nature allows it to sink through the annular fluids and settle on the packer. Some of the resin is then squeezed into the leak paths to seal the leak. The key characteristics of the thermosetting resin that facilitates gravity feeding includes its immiscibility in water-based fluids, low viscosity, adjustable density and setting time, and its ability to establish a permanent seal in an oil and gas well environment.
The methodology, successfully sealing packer leaks across multiple wells, utilizes simple equipment setups. By presenting various case histories, this paper explores the design and implementation of the innovative solution in diverse wells with varying configurations and conditions. The resin operations require only simple mixing and pumping equipment that is both lightweight and has very small footprint to mix, pump and place the thermosetting resin plug. It offers significant advantages in terms of time and operational simplicity. The cases presented demonstrate how this rigless repair method to reduce operational time and costs while effectively addressing production packer leaks in the oil and gas industry.
This solution not only showcases practical applications but also aligns with industry demands for economically viable and at the same time environmentally responsible and safer methods, making it a valuable contribution to the existing body of knowledge.
A Case Study on the Importance of Well Surveillance When Evaluating Alternative Barrier Technologies
Authors: Lynch Paul , Green Annabel , Garioch Andrew 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Recent years have seen accelerated development of alternative barrier technologies to address the limitations of cement well integrity remediation. These technologies have the potential restore well barriers with increased effectiveness and reduced cost. However, industry acceptance of alternative barrier technologies has been slow due to the challenges of demonstrating their effectiveness in field application. Using well surveillance to evaluate the well integrity issue and verify barrier performance is often overlooked leading to poor or inconclusive outcomes.
The presented case study is a trial deployment of a chemical isolation solution supported by FiberLine Intervention (FLI) which was deployed to verify the barrier placement and performance. The unique feature of FLI is that it deploys bare optical fibres into the wellbore without requiring any conventional conveyancing methods, such as slickline or wireline. This makes it portable and compact, but with rapid deployment and real time survey capability it permits operations to be performed very quickly. This was critical to the operation due to time sensitivities around the pumping operation.
When the chemical isolation trial was not successful post pumping, the distributed sensing survey with FLI was able to diagnose that the chemical had not reached the intended target formation. It also identified that this was due to a loss of well integrity in the casing higher up the well. This provided the operator with information on a previously unknown integrity issue, but crucially without this it would have been assumed the treatment simply had not worked which would ultimately delay acceptance of this technology.
Assessment of Quality of Life of Prostate Cancer Patients Receiving Care in University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-ozalla, Enugu State
Authors: Dim Obinna Felix , Azubuike Ekwuofu , Onyeoji Sandra Ogechi , Dim Ogechi Cynthia , Adibe Maxwell Ogochukwu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Ensuring assessment of Health Status in research and clinical care enables improvement in treatment outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the health status of prostate cancer patients at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital.
Methods: This study is a cross-sectional, descriptive survey involving 181 prostate cancer patients. Conducted in the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu state, over a period of five months (May to October 2023). Descriptive and inferential analyses was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, SPSS version 27. Correlation and post hoc tests, were employed to examine the relationships between socio-demographic variables and Health status Data was collected using a 15D Health status instrument. P≤0.05.
Results: Out of the 181 prostate cancer patients interviewed, 45.3% were 60 years and above. More than half were married. Most were employed with university education as their highest level of education. The 15D instrument showed that above half of prostate cancer patients had problem staying asleep (50.8%) and also had marked problems with their bladder (32%). About 34.3% of patients with prostate cancer have severe physical discomfort from pain and ache etc. There general state of health has a considerable effect on sexual activity. The quality of life of prostate cancer patients also increase as the level of education increases. (Graduate; 0.6840 ± 0.16934). Age and level of education are important determinant of quality of life in prostate cancer besides other socio-demographic variables.
Conclusion: Vitality and functional activities were the domains most affected by prostate cancer.
Examining the trend of decreasing precipitation in the Mediterranean area: A case study of Sicily from 1921 to 2023.
Authors: Monforte Pietro , Ragusa Maria Alessandra , Imposa Sebastiano 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The objective of the authors is examines drought trends in Sicily over the past century. The analysis focuses on the nine provinces that comprise the region, The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is used to identify pluviometric deficit at different time scales, including 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Additionally, the Mann-Kendall test is applied to check if the SPI has a significant trend, especially if it is decreasing; as the SPI decreases, the pluviometric deficit increases.The statistical approach of the study confirms that in Sicily, meteorological and hydrological droughts are becoming more frequent. In addition, a rising trend of socio-economic droughts has been identified. It is therefore necessary to target mitigation and adaptation measures on the areas most vulnerable to drought in order to safeguard the agricultural sector and, consequently, a significant part of the region's productive activities. The methods used in this work could be applied to the management of water resources and the protection of the island's agricultural and economic sectors.
Myeloid NCOA4 sequesters KEAP1 to reduce ferroptosis for protection against salmonellosis in mice.
Authors: Xue Xiang , Arcos Mariella , Liu Zhaoli , Villareal Luke , Velez Paloma Kai , Desai Sharina , Noureddine Achraf , Martin David , Brinker C , Zhang Donna 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Salmonellosis, caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, is a significant global
threat. Host immunity limits bacterial replication by inducing hepcidin, which degrades
ferroportin, reducing iron transfer. However, this boosts macrophage iron storage, aiding
intracellular pathogens like Salmonella. Mice lacking ferritin heavy chain (FTH1) in myeloid cells
suffer worsened Salmonella infection. Nuclear receptor co-activator 4 (NCOA4) regulates iron
release via FTH1 degradation during low iron, but its role in salmonellosis is unclear. Here, we
reveal that myeloid NCOA4 deficiency augments spleen iron levels and increases cellular iron
accumulation, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis in bone marrow-derived macrophages. This
deficiency also increases susceptibility to Salmonella-induced colitis in mice. Mechanistically,
NCOA4 suppresses oxidative stress by directly binding to the E3 ubiquitin ligase Kelch-like
ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) and stabilizing the antioxidant transcription factor nuclear
factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). Activation of NRF2 protects myeloid NCOA4 knockout
mice from Salmonella-induced colitis. Antioxidant Tempol and myeloid cell-targeted curcumin
offer protection against colitis in myeloid NCOA4-deficient mice. A low iron diet and ferroptosis
inhibition also mitigate the heightened colitis in these mice. Overexpression of myeloid cell-
specific NCOA4 confers protection against Salmonella-induced colitis via upregulating NRF2
signaling. Serum iron was reduced in myeloid NCOA4-overexpressing mice, but not in NCOA4-
deficient mice. Targeted serum metabolomics analysis revealed that many lipids were
decreased in myeloid NCOA4-deficient mice, while several of them were increased in myeloid
NCOA4-overexpressing mice. Together, this study not only advances our understanding of
NCOA4/KEAP1/NRF2/ferroptosis axis but also paves the way for novel myeloid cell-targeted
therapies to combat salmonellosis.
Impact of non optimal ambient temperature and temperature variation on the mortality of cardiovascular diseases: A research in Anhui province
Authors: Zhang Tao , Xie Huimin , Zhang Xu , Ni Jianping , Li Guoqing , Wu Hanqing , Zhu Jiansheng , Pan Faming 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Given the backdrop of global climate change, future temperatures are anticipated to exhibit increased variability and extremity, amplifying health risks and the burden of diseases, a matter of heightened concern. The aim of this research was to evaluate the mortality risk associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) due to suboptimal temperatures (daily mean temperature) and temperature variations (diurnal temperature range). Daily data spanning from 2014 to 2020 in Wuhu City were gathered, encompassing meteorological factors, environmental pollutants, and cardiovascular disease mortality information, involving 64,758 CVD deaths. Time-series analyses were conducted utilizing generalized additive models (GAM) and distributed lag nonlinear models (DLNM). Burden analysis was executed to estimate the percentage and count of daily CVD deaths linked to daily mean temperature (DMT) and diurnal temperature range (DTR). Lastly, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the robustness of the model. A horizontal S-shaped relationship exists between DMT and CVD mortality rate, where both high and low temperatures exhibit adverse effects, with high temperatures demonstrating a more pronounced impact than low temperatures. An inverted J-shaped relationship exists between DTR and mortality, wherein extreme DTR elevates the risk of CVD mortality. Variations in exposure responses occur among populations with diverse characteristics. The main cause of death burden is moderately high temperature rather than extreme temperature. Importantly, non-extreme temperatures account for the majority of cardiovascular disease deaths, potentially exerting serious adverse effects on local public health.
Research on the optimal scheduling of a multi- storage combined integrated energy system based on an energy supply grading strategy
Authors: Zhang Na , You Feng , Hu Bingqian , Li Jingyu , Liu Guangchen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

As an important supporting technology for carbon neutrality strategy, the combination of an integrated energy system and hydrogen storage is expected to become a key research direction. To address the insufficient flexibility of multi-energy coupling in the integrated energy system and the overall strategic demand of low-carbon development, a multi-storage integrated energy system architecture that includes electric storage, heat storage and hydrogen storage is established. Then, according to the system status factors, such as energy cost, response characteristics and energy storage status, a hierarchical energy supply control strategy focusing on the energy supply priority of energy storage units is proposed. NSGA-Ⅱ-MOABC is created as the optimization algorithm to meet the demand of multi-energy coupling energy supply in the integrated energy system. Next, considering the system operational cost and carbon emission cost as the optimization goal, a comprehensive energy optimization scheduling model of multi-storage combined hierarchical energy supply is constructed. Based on the simulation example, the scheduling results of the multi-storage combined system are obtained, through comparative analysis, the addition of hydrogen storage can effectively improve the flexibility of system scheduling. Then, taking several scenarios as simulation examples, the hierarchical energy supply strategy can effectively reduce the system operation cost and carbon emission cost, and it also has a certain role in realizing the local consumption of renewable energy.
Investigating the Relationship between Herding Behaviour and Liquidity in the Johannesburg Stock Exchange
Authors: Ndlovu Godfrey , Stampanoni Michele 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This paper examines the relationship between herd behaviour and liquidity in the South African equity market using a sample of 302 companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange, over the time period from 1996 to 2019. The study employs the herding measures proposed by Christie and Huang (1995) and Chang et al. (2000), while the well-known Amihud (2002) measure of illiquidity, combined with the adjustment from Karolyi et al. (2012), is used to measure liquidity. Daily and monthly data samples are used to ensure a comprehensive study of the short and long term effects of the herding relationship. When both measures of herding are used, the results indicate no evidence of herding over the period studied, and furthermore there is no significant evidence of herding when conditioning on high, average and low levels of liquidity. Additionally, we find that trading volume cannot trigger herding behaviour, even in liquid market conditions, and thus the empirical analysis suggests that herding is not present in the South African equity market. We also find that by applying Granger causality tests, there are no causal links between herding behaviour and liquidity.
JEL Codes: G1, G4
Proximity-induced exchange interaction and prolonged valley lifetime in MoSe2/CrSBr van-der-Waals heterostructure with orthogonal spin-orbit fields
Authors: Beer Andreas , Zollner Klaus , de Brito Caique Serati , Junior Paulo E. Faria , Ghiasi Talieh S. , Ingla-Aynes Josep , Mañas-Valero Samuel , Boix-Constant Carla , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Fabian Jaroslav , Zant Herre S. J. van der , Gobato Yara Galvão , Schüller Christian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Heterostructures, composed of semiconducting transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) and magnetic van-der-Waals materials, offer exciting prospects for the manipulation of the TMDC valley
properties via proximity interaction with the magnetic material. We show that the atomic proximity of monolayer MoSe2 and the antiferromagnetic van-der-Waals crystal CrSBr leads to an unexpected breaking of time-reversal symmetry, with originally perpendicular spin-orbit fields. The observed effect can be traced back to a proximity-induced exchange interaction via first-principles calculations. Moreover, we find a more than two orders of magnitude longer valley lifetime of spin-polarized
charge carriers in the heterostructure, as compared to monolayer MoSe2/SiO2, driven by a Mott transition in the type-III band-aligned heterostructure. This opens new avenues for van-der-Waals engineering of valleytronic devices.
Performance Enhancement through Optimal Power Allocation for Downlink PD-NOMA-UFMC in 5G Networks using Genetic algorithm and MFO
Authors: Sharma Gopal K , Nigam Vineeta Saxena , Arya Rakesh K 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

With the rise of Fifth generation (5G) communication systems, there's a growing demand for efficient multiple access techniques capable of handling high data rates and accommodating a large user base. Power Domain Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (PD-NOMA) combined with Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC) has emerged as a promising solution to address these needs. This combination aims to enhance spectral efficiency, capacity, and user fairness in 5G networks by capitalizing on the strengths of both PD-NOMA and UFMC. Nevertheless, the efficient allocation of power among users poses an optimization challenge within the confines of a specified power budget to achieve optimal performance in PD-NOMA-UFMC systems. This paper presents a power optimization methodology for PD-NOMA-UFMC utilizing intelligent optimization techniques, namely Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Moth Flame Optimization (MFO) algorithm. The proposed approach aims to maximize the overall system throughput by dynamically assigning power levels to users based on their individual channel conditions. Simulation results showcase the effectiveness of the power optimization technique employing GA and MFO in enhancing the performance of PD-NOMA-UFMC systems in terms of throughput, fairness, and power efficiency. Additionally, the paper discusses comparative results of optimization using GA and MFO.
Developing computational thinking with social robots in linguistically heterogeneous classrooms – The case of Misty
Authors: Eckert Andreas , Juvonen Päivi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

There is a growing body of knowledge on coding and computational thinking for young students in mathematics education and several attempts to lower the threshold for learning programming and programming languages have been reported. This study focuses on the challenges of teaching programming in a linguistically heterogeneous classroom by pursuing the research question How do multilingual students enact affordances of social robots while engaged in exploratory programming tasks? Grade 6 students (10-year old) worked in pairs or groups of three with programming challenges with the social robot Misty and its visual programming environment. The analysis reveals how students stay engaged in exploration for extended periods when language affordances are enacted. The combination of Misty’s physical presence and the visual programming environment creates opportunities for developing computational thinking. However, elements of the design of the tasks and limited language affordances also lead to frustration and/or disappointment amongst the students. There is potential in the use of social robots for teaching programming in linguistically heterogeneous classrooms, but implementation requires well researched design principles for tasks and a programming environment that allows for translanguaging pedagogy.