bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatty Acids, Tocopherols, Phenolics and the Antimicrobial Effect of Sclerocarya birrea Kernels with Different Harvesting Dates
Authors: Mariod Abdalbasit Adam , Matthäus Bertrand , Idris Yousif M. A. , Abdelwahab Siddig Ibrahim 
Published: November 2009

AbstractOil extracted from the kernel of Sclerocarya birrea with different harvesting dates was studied in terms of the oil content, fatty acids, tocopherols, phenolic compounds and antimicrobial activity. A quantitative increase in the oil content was observed to reach 63.0% at the end of the last harvesting date. The percentage of total fatty acids had altered and palmitic acid content was found to be 16.8% at the first date of harvesting and dropping for the rest of the dates to reach 14.6% by the end of the harvesting process. In the same manner, stearic acid was found to be 15.2% at the first date and this dropped dramatically to reach 8.8% by the end of the harvesting, while oleic and linoleic acids increased from 58.9 and 4.3% to 67.3 and 5.9%, respectively. Alpha and gamma tocopherols decreased rapidly, whereas the δ‐tocopherol and δ‐tocotrienol were 4.8 and 4.9 mg/100 g, respectively at the beginning and had disappeared completely by the last harvesting date. Total phenolic and flavonoid content increased continuously through the different harvesting dates. Sclerocarya birrea kernel oil was effective in inhibiting the growth of three out of four bacterial strains tested. This inhibitory effect was less than that of the control.
Predicting Temperature Dependent Viscosity for Unaltered Waste Soybean Oil Blended with Petroleum Fuels
Authors: Wagner Eugene Paul , Koehle Maura A. , Moyle Todd M. , Lambert Patrick D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractUsing vegetable oil based alternative fuels for diesel engines has grown in interest over recent years due to the rising cost of petroleum products and instability in the energy marketplace. One of the major hurdles to overcome in using vegetable oil as a diesel fuel is high viscosity. Here, we experimentally determine the viscosity of unaltered waste soybean oil (WSO) blended with petroleum fuels. Three blend viscosity models Arrhenius, Wright, and the ASTM D7152‐05 Standard were evaluated for viscosity prediction accuracy over a temperature range of −10 to 40 °C. Results indicated that the Arrhenius method using volume fractions was the most accurate predictor of viscosity for binary blends made of WSO and diesel (2.31% absolute average deviation) as well as multi‐component blends made from WSO, diesel, kerosene, and gasoline (8.72% absolute average deviation). An intermolecular interaction correction factor was empirically determined for each model in an effort to improve prediction accuracy for the multi‐component blends. Using the correction constants improved the absolute average deviation for the Arrhenius method to 6.85%, 5.87% for the Wright method based on mass fractions, and 9.67% for the ASTM method based on mass fractions. The use of this correlation constant for the Arrhenius method was only helpful for blends containing more that 30% WSO, indicating that molecular interaction behavior only deviates significantly from ideality at these higher WSO fractions.
The interaction between high ammonia diet and bile duct ligation in developing rats: assessment by spatial memory and asymmetric dimethylarginine
Authors: Huang Li‐Tung , Chen Chih‐Cheng , Sheen Jiunn‐Ming , Chen Yi‐Ju , Hsieh Chih‐Sung , Tain You‐Lin 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBile duct ligation (BDL) in developing rats causes cholestasis, impaired liver function and cognition. Because both nitric oxide (NO) and ammonia are implicated in hepatic encephalopathy (HE), we hypothesized that asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous NO synthase inhibitor, and ammonia affect cognition in young rats with BDL. Four groups of young male Sprague–Dawley rats ages 17 days were used: rat underwent laparotomy (SC group), rat underwent laparotomy plus a 30% ammonium acetate diet (SC + HA group), rat underwent BDL (BDL group), rats underwent BDL plus high ammonia diet (BDL + HA group). Spatial memory was assessed by Morris water maze task. Plasma was collected for biochemical and ADMA analyses. Liver and brain cortex were collected for determination of protein arginine methyltransferase‐1 (PRMT1, ADMA‐synthesizing enzyme) and dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH, ADMA‐metabolizing enzyme). We found BDL group had significantly higher plasma direct/total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, ADMA, liver p22phox, and worse spatial performance as compared with SC group. High ammonia diet increased plasma ammonia and ADMA concentration, and aggravated spatial deficit in the presence of BDL‐induced cholestasis. We conclude plasma ADMA plays a role in BDL‐induced spatial deficit. High ammonia aggravated the spatial deficits encountered in cholestatic young rats.
Transarterial Embolization for Control of Bleeding in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Chen Yung‐Fang , Lo Yu‐Chien , Lin Wei‐Ching , Lin Chien‐Hung , Chiang Hsein‐Jar , Chen Jui‐Fen , Shen Wu‐Chung 
Published: November 2009

OBJECTIVEThis study evaluated the efficacy of transarterial embolization for the treatment of tumor bleeding in neck tumors following radiation or chemotherapy.STUDY DESIGNWe performed a case series with chart review of 25 patients with clinically suspected tumor bleeding that occurred in the period between August 2003 and April 2007.SETTINGAll patients were admitted to and accepted treatment at China Medical University Hospital, Taiwan, R.O.C.SUBJECTS AND METHODSTwenty‐five male patients (aged 32 to 88 years) with pathologically verified malignant carcinomas of the neck received radiotherapy (n = 6), radiotherapy and chemotherapy (n = 7), or initial surgery and palliative radiotherapy or chemotherapy (n = 12). Carotid artery angiography was performed to detect tumor bleeding, and affected vessels were embolized using either Gelfoam sponge (or cubes), coils, microcoils, or a combination of these methods.RESULTSBy angiography, patients showed tumor vessels with tumor stain (n = 13), extravasation of the contrast agent (n = 7), stenotic vessels (n = 5), pseudoaneurysm (n = 4), and arteriovenous shunt (n = 1). Transarterial embolization was performed with catheter insertion through the branches of the external carotid artery (n = 18), the external carotid artery (n = 5), or the internal carotid artery (n = 1). All patients showed dramatic clinical improvement following embolization. Patients with tongue cancer had the longest average post‐transarterial embolization hospital stay (21 days) and the highest incidence of aspiration pneumonia (3/9). After two months of follow‐up, five patients had experienced rebleeding.CONCLUSIONSpecific vessel injuries following radiation or chemotherapy require different kinds of endovascular treatment. Patients with tongue cancer should be carefully monitored for aspiration pneumonia.
Mantle to lower-crust fluid/melt transfer through granulite metamorphism
Authors: Touret J.L.R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe “unexpected” (the word is from H.G.F. Winkler, 1974) discovery of CO2-rich inclusions in granulites has initiated a debate which, after more than 35 years, is still an important issue in metamorphic petrology. Experimental and stable isotope data have led to the conception of a “fluid-absent” model, opposed to the “fluid-assisted” hypothesis, derived from fluid inclusion evidence. Besides CO2, other fluids have been found to be of importance in these rocks, notably concentrated aqueous solutions (brines), also able to coexist with granulite mineral assemblages at high P and T. Brines also occur in inclusions or, more impressively, have left their trace in large scale metasomatic effects, typical of a number of high-grade areas: e.g., intergranular K-feldspar veining and quartz exsolution (myrmekites), carbonate metasomatism along km-scale shear zones (Norway, India), “incipient charnockites” (India, Sri Lanka, Scandinavia), highly oxidized Archean granulites. All together, this impressive amount of evidence suggests that the amount of fluids in the lower crust, under peak metamorphic conditions, was very large indeed, far too important to be only locally derived. Then, except for remnants contained in inclusions, these fluids have left the rock system during postmetamorphic uplift.Fluid remnants identical to those occurring in deep crustal granulites are also found in mantle minerals, including diamonds. Major mantle fluid source is related to the final stages of melting processes: late magmatic emanations from alkalic basaltic melts, carbonate-metasomatizing aqueous fluids issued from igneous carbonatites. Even if a local derivation of some fluids by crustal melting cannot be excluded, most lower-crustal granulite fluids have the same origin. They are transferred from the mantle into the crust by synmetamorphic intrusives, also responsible for the high thermal gradient typical of granulites, notably HT- or UHT-types. These are mostly found in Precambrian times, generated during a small number of time intervals: e.g., around 500, 1000, 1800, 2500 Ma. HT-granulites forming events occur at world-scale in supercontinents or supercratons, either at the end of amalgamation, or shortly before breaking-off. They provide a mechanism for a vertical accretion of the continental slab, which complement the more classical way of lateral accretion above subduction zones at convergent boundaries.
Supplementation of a maternal low-protein diet in rat pregnancy with folic acid ameliorates programming effects upon feeding behaviour in the absence of disturbances to the methionine–homocysteine cycle
Authors: Engeham Sarah F. , Haase Andrea , Langley-Evans Simon C. 
Published: November 2009

Maternal protein restriction in rat pregnancy is associated with altered feeding behaviour in later life. When allowed to self-select their diet, rats subject to prenatal undernutrition show an increased preference for fatty foods. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the contribution of folic acid in the maternal diet to programming of appetite, since disturbances of the folate and methionine–homocysteine cycles have been suggested to impact upon epigenetic regulation of gene expression and hence programme long-term physiology and metabolism. Pregnant rats were fed diets containing either 9 or 18 % casein by weight, with folate provided at either 1 or 5 mg/kg diet. Adult male animals exposed to low protein (LP) in fetal life exhibited increased preference for high-fat food. Providing the higher level of folate in the maternal diet prevented this effect of LP, but offspring of rats fed 18 % casein diet with additional folate behaved in a similar manner to LP-exposed animals. Among day 20 gestation fetuses, it was apparent that both protein restriction and maternal folate supplementation could have adverse effects upon placental growth. Examination of methionine–homocysteine and folate cycle intermediates, tissue glutathione concentrations and expression of mRNA for methionine synthase, DNA methyltransferase 1 and methyltetrahydrofolate reductase revealed no gross disturbances of folate and one-carbon metabolism in either maternal or fetal tissue. The present findings indicated that any role for DNA methylation in programming of physiology is not related to major perturbations of folate metabolism, and is likely to be gene-specific rather than genome-wide.
BLOWUP FOR A DEGENERATE AND SINGULAR PARABOLIC EQUATION WITH NON-LOCAL SOURCE AND ABSORPTION
Authors: ZHOU JUN , MU CHUNLAI 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis paper deals with the following degenerate and singular equation

with non-local source and absorption. The existence of a unique classical non-negative solution is established and the sufficient conditions for the solution that exists globally or blows up in finite time are obtained.
COMMON FIXED POINTS OF A PAIR OF NON-EXPANSIVE MAPPINGS WITH APPLICATIONS TO CONVEX FEASIBILITY PROBLEMS
Authors: QIN XIAOLONG , CHO SUN YOUNG , ZHOU HAIYUN 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLet C be a non-empty closed convex subset of a reflexive and strictly convex Banach space E which also has a weakly continuous duality map Jφ(x) with the gauge φ. Let S and T be non-expansive mappings from C into itself such that F = F(S) ∩ F(T) ≠ ∅. Let {αn} and {βn} be sequences in (0, 1). Let {xn} be a sequence defined by

where u ∈ C is a given point. Assume that the following restrictions imposed on the control sequences are satisfied:

Then the sequence {xn} converges strongly to x* ∈ F, where x* = Q(u) and Q: C → F is the unique sunny non-expansive retraction from C onto F.
φ-PRIME SUBMODULES
Authors: ZAMANI NASER 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLet R be a commutative ring with non-zero identity and M be a unitary R-module. Let (M) be the set of all submodules of M, and φ: (M) → (M) ∪ {∅} be a function. We say that a proper submodule P of M is a prime submodule relative to φ or φ-prime submodule if a ∈ R and x ∈ M, with ax ∈ P ∖ φ(P) implies that a ∈(P :RM) or x ∈ P. So if we take φ(N) = ∅ for each N ∈ (M), then a φ-prime submodule is exactly a prime submodule. Also if we consider φ(N) = {0} for each submodule N of M, then in this case a φ-prime submodule will be called a weak prime submodule. Some of the properties of this concept will be investigated. Some characterisations of φ-prime submodules will be given, and we show that under some assumptions prime submodules and φ1-prime submodules coincide.
ON DUAL BAER MODULES
Authors: TÜTÜNCÜ DERYA KESKIN , TRIBAK RACHID 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this paper we introduce -non-cosingular modules, dual Baer modules and -modules. We prove that a module M is lifting and -non-cosingular if and only if it is a dual Baer and -module. Rings for which all modules are dual Baer are precisely determined. We also give a necessary condition for a finite direct sum of dual Baer modules to be dual Baer.
Violent breaking wave impacts. Part 2: modelling the effect of air
Authors: BREDMOSE H. , PEREGRINE D. H. , BULLOCK G. N. 
Published: November 2009

When an ocean wave breaks against a steep-fronted breakwater, sea wall or a similar marine structure, its impact on the structure can be very violent. This paper describes the theoretical studies that, together with field and laboratory investigations, have been carried out in order to gain a better understanding of the processes involved. The wave's approach towards a structure is modelled with classical irrotational flow to obtain the different types of impact profiles that may or may not lead to air entrapment. The subsequent impact is modelled with a novel compressible-flow model for a homogeneous mixture of incompressible liquid and ideal gas. This enables a numerical description of both trapped air pockets and the propagation of pressure shock waves through the aerated water. An exact Riemann solver is developed to permit a finite-volume solution to the flow model with smallest possible local error.The high pressures measured during wave impacts on a breakwater are reproduced and it is shown that trapped air can be compressed to a pressure of several atmospheres. Pressure shock waves, reflected off nearby surfaces such as the seabed, can lead to pressures comparable with those of the impact. Typical examples of pressure-time histories, force and impulse are presented and discussed in terms of their practical implications. The numerical model proposed is relevant for a variety of flows where air effects are important. Further applications, including extended studies of wave impacts, are discussed.
Primary, combined, atypical carcinoid and squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx: a new variety of composite tumour
Authors: Davies-Husband C R , Montgomery P , Premachandra D , Hellquist H 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjective:We report the first case of a laryngeal composite tumour consisting of a squamous cell carcinoma combined with an atypical carcinoid.Methods:Case report and review of the literature concerning laryngeal composite tumours.Results:Primary laryngeal carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the upper aerodigestive tract. The vast majority are of the squamous cell type. Primary neuroendocrine neoplasms represent a rare, heterogeneous subset of laryngeal malignancies, comprising typical carcinoid, atypical carcinoid, small cell carcinoma and paraganglioma. Primary combined neuroendocrine and squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx is even more rarely encountered, with only 14 publications of this so-called composite tumour to date. In each case, the neuroendocrine component has been small cell carcinoma.Conclusion:The treatment of primary neoplasms comprising more than one histological type is tailored to the most biologically aggressive tumour. Accurate diagnosis of the histological nature of laryngeal composite tumours is imperative to ensure optimal therapy.
Daily versus self-adjusted dosing of topical mometasone furoate nasal spray in patients with allergic rhinitis: randomised, controlled trial
Authors: Khan M A , Abou-Halawa A S , Al-Robaee A A , Alzolibani A A , Al-Shobaili H A 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackground:Many patients with allergic rhinitis are reluctant to use daily intranasal steroids for prolonged periods. A self-adjusted regimen which delivers reasonable control of allergic rhinitis may be more acceptable to such patients.Objectives:To compare the efficacy of daily use of mometasone furoate nasal spray, versus a self-adjusted regimen, in patients with chronic allergic rhinitis, in terms of symptom control and nasal volume change.Setting:Ambulatory visits in an office setting.Patients and methods:Sixty patients with chronic allergic rhinitis were randomised: 30 were prescribed mometasone furoate nasal spray once daily for six weeks, while 30 were prescribed the same spray daily for one week, every alternate day for one week and then on a self-adjusted regimen for four weeks. Patients kept a symptom diary documenting sneezing, rhinorrhoea, nasal blockage and nasal itching. Acoustic rhinometry was used to measure the total nasal cavity volume at the first visit and at the end of the treatment period.Results:The total nasal score on treatment days showed an improvement in both groups, compared with baseline measurements. There was no significant difference in total nasal scores between the two groups, except on days 10 (p = 0.043), 20 (p = 0.008), 23 (p = 0.19), 30 (p = 0.008) and 37 (p = 0.000), when the daily group's total nasal score was significantly lower than the self-adjusted group's total nasal score, and on day 8 (p = 0.004), when the self-adjusted group's total nasal score was significantly lower than the daily group's total nasal score. Total nasal cavity volume significantly increased in both groups (p = 0.0001), with no statistically significant difference between the groups.Conclusions:Self-adjusted dosage of mometasone furoate nasal spray gives reasonable control of allergic rhinitis (albeit with some ‘breakthrough’ symptoms). Patients should learn how to control these symptoms with the least number of steroid doses.
Outcome of mobile ear surgery units in Thailand
Authors: Snidvongs K , Vatanasapt P , Thanaviratananich S , Pothaporn M , Sannikorn P , Supiyaphun P 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectives:To evaluate the outcome of mobile ear surgery, in terms of tympanic membrane perforation closure, absence of otorrhoea and hearing threshold improvement.Study design:Descriptive study.Methods:The study enrolled patients with chronic ear disorders requiring surgery who presented to the mobile ear surgery unit at Sakaeo Hospital, Thailand, from 1 to 4 July 2008. The following data were recorded: pre-operative audiogram, post-operative middle-ear and mastoid infection, wound infection, graft condition, any complications, and post-operative audiogram. Patients were followed up at one week, two weeks, four weeks and 24 weeks post-operatively.Results:For the 31 cases of tympanic membrane perforation, the closure rate was 90.3 per cent. For the 32 patients with otorrhoea, the rate of ear dryness was 87.5 per cent. All 35 patients had impaired hearing initially; the rate of hearing improvement was 74.3 per cent (95 per cent confidence intervals = 56.7–87.5 per cent). Patients' mean hearing improvement was 22.9 dB.Conclusion:The assessed ear surgery procedures had good results.
Spontaneous tonsillar haemorrhage due to von Willebrand's disease
Authors: Lee D L Y , Soo G , van Hasselt C A 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjective:We report a case of spontaneous tonsillar haemorrhage due to underlying von
Willebrand's disease, without symptoms or signs of infection.Method:Case report and literature review of reported causes of spontaneous tonsillar
haemorrhage.Case report:Spontaneous tonsillar haemorrhage is uncommon. Acute bacterial tonsillitis,
peri-tonsillar abscess, infectious mononucleosis and idiopathic causes have been
reported. Two cases of tonsillitis with underlying bleeding disorders have been
reported. We present the first reported case of spontaneous tonsillar haemorrhage
secondary to von Willebrand's disease, without evidence of tonsillitis.Conclusion:Spontaneous tonsillar haemorrhage is usually related to infection of the tonsils or
peri-tonsillar space. An underlying bleeding disorder should be suspected if no evidence
of infection is found.
Frontalis muscle flap: a novel method for donor site closure of an interpolated paramedian forehead flap
Authors: Montgomery J , Mace A T M , Cotter C , Sheikh S 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjective:We present a previously unreported technique which we have found useful for closure of the donor site created by a paramedian forehead flap, during nasal reconstruction.Case report:An 80-year-old woman was referred to the ENT department for management of a large tumour involving the left nasal dorsum. The lesion measured 2.5 × 2.5 cm, and an incisional biopsy confirmed moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Complete excision with an interpolated paramedian forehead flap reconstruction was performed. The pedicle was divided three weeks post-operatively, and the 2 × 2 cm forehead defect was closed at this time. A frontalis muscle flap and full thickness skin graft were used to close the donor site.Conclusion:A frontalis muscle flap is a novel method of closing large forehead defects created by a paramedian forehead flap. A frontalis muscle flap provides a healthy base for a full thickness skin graft, which allows good skin colour matching and an enhanced cosmetic result.
Pituitary apoplexy following endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Fyrmpas G , Constantinidis J , Foroglou N , Selviaridis P 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjective:To highlight the possibility of pituitary apoplexy after functional endoscopic sinus surgery for elimination of sinonasal infection, an important preparatory step for safe trans-sphenoidal access to the pituitary fossa.Case report:A 67-year-old man with a known pituitary macroadenoma developed headache, diplopia and reduced vision after endoscopic middle meatal antrostomy and ethmoidectomy for rhinosinusitis with polyps. Magnetic resonance imaging showed pituitary haemorrhage. The patient underwent emergency endoscopic trans-sphenoidal resection of the tumour, with significant symptomatic improvement. Despite mild right eyelid ptosis and persistent diabetes insipidus, the patient resumed normal activities in a few weeks. To our knowledge, this is the first report of pituitary apoplexy after a nasal operation.Conclusion:Pituitary apoplexy is a rare and potentially life-threatening event in high risk patients with pituitary adenomas; it may occur spontaneously or after surgical procedures. Early, combined surgical intervention by rhinologists and neurosurgeons is recommended. The endoscopic trans-sphenoidal approach is a safe and effective technique for the acute management of pituitary apoplexy.