bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tourist Activity of Pensioners in Poland in 2009: A Statistical Analysis
Authors: Bąk Iwona 
Published: June 2012

Tourist Activity of Pensioners in Poland in 2009: A Statistical Analysis
The purpose of the article is the analysis of transitory pensioners touristics departures. The research was carried out basing on a representative research result of individual transitory domestic departures in 2009 where pensioners participated in. As investigative instrument the autor chose the multidimensional correspondence analysis. The results of research were presented in a tridimensional area. The Ward's method was used in research due to bif number of variants of analyzed variables. This method permitted the assignment of coherence between variable variants.
Goodness of Fit Tests in Modeling the Distribution of the Daily Rate of Return of the WIG20 Companies
Authors: Bednarz Kamila 
Published: June 2012

Goodness of Fit Tests in Modeling the Distribution of the Daily Rate of Return of the WIG20 Companies
In this paper a classic rate of return was examined. Due to a limited quantitative range, the study included only the modeling of the rate of return distribution of the WIG20 index and its companies by means of the Laplace distribution and the Gaussian distribution. Additionally, the goodness of fit tests and methods of estimating the aforementioned distributions parameters were thoroughly covered. When applying the Laplace distribution to modeling the rate of return distribution the parameters were determined by means of two methods: the method of moments and the maximum likelihood method. The maximum period was determined, for which usefulness of the distribution in modeling the rates of return distribution was observed, as well as the results of the chi-square test for class intervals with varying length ensuring equal probability, and for intervals with identical length considering two methods of determining the theoretical size: in accordance with the cumulative distribution function as well as on the basis of the probability density function.
Bifurcation, Chaos and Attractor in the Logistic Competition
Authors: Guzowska Małgorzata 
Published: June 2012

Bifurcation, Chaos and Attractor in the Logistic CompetitionThis paper deals with a two-dimensional discrete time competition model. The corresponding twodimensional iterative map is represented in terms of its bifurcation diagram in the parameter plane. A number of bifurcation sequences for attractors and their basins are studied.
Is the prevalence of exercise-associated hyponatremia higher in female than in male 100-km ultra-marathoners?
Authors: Rüst Christoph Alexander , Knechtle Beat , Joleska Irena , Knechtle Patrizia , Wirth Andrea , Imoberdorf Reinhard , Senn Oliver , Rosemann Thomas 
Published: June 2012

PurposeThe prevalence of exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH) has mainly been investigated in male endurance athletes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of EAH in female 100-km ultra-marathoners and to compare them to male ultra-runners since females are considered more at risk of EAH.MethodsChanges in body mass, hematocrit, [Na+] and [K+] levels in both plasma and urine, plasma volume, urine specific gravity, and the intake of energy, fluids and electrolytes was determined in 24 male and 19 female 100-km ultra-marathoners.ResultsThree male (11%) and one female (5%) ultra-marathoners developed asymptomatic EAH. Body mass decreased, while plasma [Na+], plasma [K+] and hematocrit remained stable in either gender. Plasma volume, urine specific gravity and the potassium-to-sodium ratio in urine increased in either gender. In males, fluid intake was related to running speed (<i>r</i> = 0.50, <i>p</i> = 0.0081), but not to the change in body mass, in post-race plasma [Na+], in the change in hematocrit and in the change in plasma volume. Also in males, the change in hematocrit was related to both the change in plasma [Na+] (<i>r</i> = 0.45, <i>p</i> = 0.0187) and the change in the potassium-to-sodium ratio in urine (<i>r</i> = 0.39, <i>p</i> = 0.044). Sodium intake was neither related to post-race plasma [Na+] nor to the change in plasma volume.ConclusionsThe prevalence of EAH was not higher in female compared to male 100-km ultra-marathoners. Plasma volume and plasma [Na+] were maintained and not related to fluid intake, most probably due to an activation of the reninangiotensin-aldosterone-system.
Factors influencing the number of breeding water birds in Lake Engure, Latvia
Authors: Vīksne Jānis , Janaus Māra , Mednis Aivars 
Published: June 2012

Factors influencing the number of breeding water birds in Lake Engure, Latvia
Lake Engure has attracted great interest since the middle of the 19th century when the water level of the lake was lowered by construction of a canal. The lake area decreased from 90 km2to about 45 km2, and favourable conditions were created for development of emergent vegetation (presently covers 58.6% of area). A nature protection regime was established in 1957. The lake was included in the Important Bird Area list in 1994, in the Ramsar lists in 1995, and as part of the Natura 2000 network in 2004. The present paper deals mostly with data collected by the Laboratory of Ornithology, Institute of Biology, in the period 1948-2011. Direct and indirect impacts of climate, human activities, water level, vegetation succession, anthropogenic and natural food and predation on water birds (coot, waders, ducks, larids and grebes), as well as relationships between these water bird groups, were demonstrated. The impact of vegetation succession via overgrowing of meadows with reed and bushes, merging of the mosaic of small stands of emergents into huge reed dominated massives (thus reducing areas of habitats suitable for water birds) is described. The relation of Black-headed Gull population size with availability/unavailability of anthropogenic food and the associated changes in breeding duck numbers, as well as predation structure are discussed.
Development of new winter and spring wheat varieties in Latvia
Authors: Strazdiņa Vija 
Published: June 2012

Development of new winter and spring wheat varieties in Latvia
The newest wheat varieties developed at the State Stende Cereal Breeding Institute are winter wheat ‘Fredis’ and spring wheat ‘Uffo‘ and ‘Robijs‘. The winter wheat variety ‘Fredis‘ (‘Donskaya Polukarlikovaya‘/‘Abe‘//‘Lowrin 24‘) was developed from 1986 to 2002. The variety has good winter hardiness (7-9 points), earliness (growing period 212-215 days from 1 January), and average yield is 6.0 t ha -1. Grain quality is suitable mostly for food. The variety was registered in the Latvian Plant Catalogue in 2007 and in the Estonian Plant Catalogue in 2011. In the period from 1992 to 2007, the new spring wheat variety ‘Uffo‘ (Sigma/Eta) was created. Variety ‘Uffo‘ is a mid-early variety, with yield potential 6-8 t ha-1, and moderate lodging resistance (5-7 points). Grain quality is suitable for food and feed. The variety ‘Uffo‘ was included in the Latvian Plant Catalogue in 2008 and in the Estonian Plant Catalogue in 2009. The spring wheat variety ‘Robijs‘, obtained from the crossing combinations Dragon/Anninia//Fasan//Fasan by anther culture, was developed at the State Stende Cereal Breeding Institute in collaboration with the Institute of Biology Latvian University from 2000 to 2007. The variety is a middle-early wheat, and is characteriszed by high yield potential (6-8 t ha-1), moderate resistance to lodging (7 points). It has moderate resistance to powdery mildew (3-5 point) and brown rust (10-25%). The grain quality is suitable for food. The variety was included in the Latvian Plant Catalogue in 2011.
The Anxiety-Buffering Properties of Cultural and Subcultural Worldviews: Terror Management Processes among Juvenile Delinquents
Authors: Baka Lukasz , Derbis Romuald , Maxfield Molly 
Published: June 2012

The Anxiety-Buffering Properties of Cultural and Subcultural Worldviews: Terror Management Processes among Juvenile Delinquents
Terror management research indicates that people reminded of mortality strongly affirm values and standards consistent with their cultural worldview and distance themselves from values and standards inconsistent with it. However, limited research has addressed how individuals holding beliefs inconsistent with the dominant worldview cope with death-related anxiety. The present article aims to determine which worldview subcultural groups rely on when reminded of mortality: mainstream or subcultural? Juvenile delinquents living in residential reformatories in Poland were invited to participate in a terror management study examining the anxiety-buffering strategies of individuals belonging to a group largely outside mainstream culture. Following reminders of mortality, juvenile delinquents increased support for values consistent with the mainstream cultural worldview and decreased support for values consistent with the subcultural worldview, as compared to control conditions. The present results suggest that when faced with existential threat, the subcultural worldview does not provide an adequate anxiety buffer, leading members of this subcultural group to display increased identification with mainstream cultural values. Additionally, participants' state anxiety following death reminders was mediated by mainstream cultural worldview defense.
The impact of background category information on the creation of social cliques: The role of need for cognitive closure and decisiveness
Authors: Bukowski Marcin , Sędek Grzegorz , Kossowska Małgorzata , Trejtowicz Mariusz 
Published: June 2012

The impact of background category information on the creation of social cliques: The role of need for cognitive closure and decisivenessThis article focuses on the role of need for cognitive closure in the process of mental model creation about social relations (i.e. social cliques). We assumed that high (vs. low) need for closure participants tend to rely on background category information when forming social cliques. We predicted that this tendency to employ categorical information as a mental aid, used in order to form social cliques, would be efficient in simple task structures (where category information overlaps with the mental model structure) but would lead to increased error rates in complex task structures (where category information is inconsistent with the model structure). The results confirmed our predictions, showing especially strong effects for the decisiveness component of need for closure. The importance of individual differences in need for closure and decisiveness in social reasoning is discussed.
Evaluation of Porosity in Al Alloy Die Castings
Authors: Říhová M. , Cech J. , Havlíčková J. 
Published: June 2012

Evaluation of Porosity in Al Alloy Die Castings
Mechanical properties of an Al-alloy die casting depend significantly on its structural properties. Porosity in Al-alloy castings is one of the most frequent causes of waste castings. Gas pores are responsible for impaired mechanical-technological properties of cast materials. On the basis of a complex evaluation of experiments conducted on AlSi9Cu3 alloy samples taken from the upper engine block which was die-cast with and without local squeeze casting it can be said that castings manufactured without squeeze casting exhibit maximum porosity in the longitudinal section. The area without local squeeze casting exhibits a certain reduction in mechanical properties and porosity increased to as much as 5%. However, this still meets the norms set by SKODA AUTO a.s.
Utilization of Heat Treatment Aimed to Spheroidization of Eutectic Silicon for Silumin Castings Produced by Squeeze Casting
Authors: Vanko B. , Stanček L. 
Published: June 2012

Utilization of Heat Treatment Aimed to Spheroidization of Eutectic Silicon for Silumin Castings Produced by Squeeze Casting
This paper describes the possibility of using very short periods of solution annealing in the heat treatment of unmodified hypoeutectic silumin alloy AlSi7Mg0,3 casted by method of casting with crystallization under pressure with forced convection (direct squeeze casting process). Castings prepared at different casting parameters were subjected to special heat treatment called SST (Silicon Spheroidization Treatment), which were originally used only for the modified silumin alloys to spheroidization of eutectic silicon. Temperature holding time in solution annealing of T6 heat treatment is limited in the SST process to only a few minutes. It was studied the effect of casting parameters and periods of solution annealing on ultimate strength, yield strength, and especially ductility that in the unmodified silumin alloy castings is relatively low.
Fracture of the Inferior Pole of the Patella
Authors: Allen Chris , Jin Lisa M. 
Published: June 2012

The patient was a 19-year-old woman serving in the military at a remote location. She presented to a medical aid station with a chief complaint of right anterior knee pain after falling 3 hours prior from a height of 3 m and landing directly on the anterior aspect of her right knee. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(7):658. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.0412
Experiences and Perspectives of Physical Therapists Managing Patients Covered by Workers' Compensation in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Johnston Venerina , Nielsen Mandy , Corbière Marc , Franche Reneé-Louise 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundPhysical therapists have an active role in the rehabilitation of injured workers. However, regulations in Queensland, Australia, do not afford them the opportunity to participate in return-to-work (RTW) decisions in a standardized way. No prior research has explored the experiences and perceptions of therapists in determining work capacity.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate physical therapists' experiences with and perspectives on their role in determining readiness for RTW and work capacity for patients receiving workers' compensation in Queensland.DesignA qualitative design was used. Participants were physical therapists who manage injured workers.MethodsNovice (n=5) and experienced (n=20) therapists managing patients receiving workers' compensation were selected through purposeful sampling to participate in a focus group or semistructured telephone interviews. Data obtained were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were thematically analyzed. Physical therapists' confidence in making RTW decisions was determined with 1 question scored on a 0 to 10 scale.ResultsThemes identified were: (1) physical therapists believe they are important in RTW, (2) physical therapists use a variety of methods to determine work capacity, and (3) physical therapists experience a lack of role clarity. Therapists made recommendations for RTW using clinical judgment informed by subjective and objective information gathered from the injured worker. Novice therapists were less confident in making RTW decisions.ConclusionTherapists are well situated to gather and interpret the information necessary to make RTW recommendations. Strategies targeting the Australian Physiotherapy Association, physical therapists, and the regulators are needed to standardize assessment of readiness for RTW, improve role clarity, and assist novice practitioners.
Interpreting the Need for Initial Support to Perform Tandem Stance Tests of Balance
Authors: Hile Elizabeth S. , Brach Jennifer S. , Perera Subashan , Wert David M. , VanSwearingen Jessie M. , Studenski Stephanie A. 
Published: June 2012

Background
Geriatric rehabilitation reimbursement increasingly requires documented deficits on standardized measures. Tandem stance performance can characterize balance, but protocols are not standardized.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of: (1) initial support to stabilize in position and (2) maximum hold time on tandem stance tests of balance in older adults.

Design
A cross-sectional secondary analysis of observational cohort data was conducted.

Methods
One hundred seventeen community-dwelling older adults (71% female, 12% black) were assigned to 1 of 3 groups based on the need for initial support to perform tandem stance: (1) unable even with support, (2) able only with support, and (3) able without support. The able without support group was further stratified on hold time in seconds: (1) &lt;10 (low), (2) 10 to 29, (medium), and (3) 30 (high). Groups were compared on primary outcomes (gait speed, Timed “Up & Go” Test performance, and balance confidence) using analysis of variance.

Results
Twelve participants were unable to perform tandem stance, 14 performed tandem stance only with support, and 91 performed tandem stance without support. Compared with the able without support group, the able with support group had statistically or clinically worse performance and balance confidence. No significant differences were found between the able with support group and the unable even with support group on these same measures. Extending the hold time to 30 seconds in a protocol without initial support eliminated ceiling effects for 16% of the study sample.

Limitations
Small comparison groups, use of a secondary analysis, and lack of generalizability of results were limitations of the study.

Conclusions
Requiring initial support to stabilize in tandem stance appears to reflect meaningful deficits in balance-related mobility measures, so failing to consider support may inflate balance estimates and confound hold time comparisons. Additionally, 10-second maximum hold times limit discrimination of balance in adults with a higher level of function. For community-dwelling older adults, we recommend timing for at least 30 seconds and documenting initial support for consideration when interpreting performance.
Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy Compared to Dose-Matched Interventions for Upper-Limb Dysfunction in Adult Survivors of Stroke: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis
Authors: Stevenson Ted , Thalman Leyda , Christie Heather , Poluha William 
Published: June 2012

Purpose: To summarize the existing literature examining constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT), relative to dose-matched control interventions, for upper-limb (UL) dysfunction in adult survivors of stroke. Methods: CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, NARIC/CIRRIE—Rehabdata, PEDro, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from their inception to February 2011. Trial quality was described using the PEDro scale. The findings were summarized with meta-analysis. Results: For the 22 trials identified, the mean (SD) PEDro score was 6.4 (1.2). Meta-analysis showed CIMT to be superior to dose-matched interventions based on indicators of UL motor capacity (15 trials, n=432; standardized mean difference [SMD]=0.47, 95% CI, 0.27–0.66) and UL ability (14 trials, n=352; SMD=0.80, 95% CI, 0.57–1.02); Functional Independence Measure scores (6 trials, n=182; mean difference [MD]=5.05, 95% CI, 2.23–7.87); and Motor Activity Log scores (Amount of Use: 12 trials, n=318; MD=1.05, 95% CI, 0.85–1.24; Quality of Movement: 11 trials, n=330; MD=0.89, 95% CI, 0.69–1.08). Conclusions: Compared to control interventions of equal duration and dose, CIMT produced greater improvements in a variety of indicators of UL function in adult survivors of a stroke with residual movement of their upper limb.
High-Strength PET Fibers Produced by Conjugated Melt Spinning and Laser Drawing
Authors: Nakata K. , Nakamura F. , Ohkoshi Y. , Gotoh Y. , Nagura M. , Hamano A. , Takada S. , Kikutani T. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The mechanical properties of conjugated-spun and laser drawn poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers were investigated. The as-spun fibers used for the laser drawing were made by conjugated melt spinning with the copolymer of p-hydroxybenzoicacid and 2-hydroxy-6-naphthoicacid or polystyrene. The PET fibers prepared by conjugated spinning could be laser drawn to higher draw ratios under lower drawing stresses. The drawn fiber could be re-drawn up to a higher total draw ratio. Thus, a PET fiber having a tensile strength of 1.14 N/tex could be produced.
Comparative effectiveness of treatments for cerebral arteriovenous malformations: trends in nationwide outcomes from 2000 to 2009
Authors: Davies Jason M. , Yanamadala Vijay , Lawton Michael T. 
Published: June 2012

Object
The development of multimodality approaches for the treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), including microsurgery, endovascular therapy, and radiosurgery, has shifted modern treatment paradigms in the last 10 years. This study examines these changes in detail from a nationwide perspective.

Methods
The authors examined data from 2001 to 2009 in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database, and they assessed the safety, quality, and cost-effectiveness, including the total number of discharges, discharge proportion, length of stay, and hospital charges. The authors also examined patient demographics (including age, sex, income level, and insurance), hemorrhage status at presentation, and trends in open surgical and endovascular treatment.

Results
A total of 33,997 inpatient admissions for patients with a primary diagnosis of intracranial AVM were identified, with a mean of 4191 patients admitted annually. The mean hospital charges increased 2-fold over the study period without significant differences in outcomes. There were substantial differences between surgical, endovascular, radiosurgical, and multimodality treatments. The proportion of AVMs treated microsurgically remained stable over this period, while the proportion treated endovascularly dramatically increased in size, and the data demonstrate important patient-level distinctions among groups. Outcomes and complication profiles were significantly different between treatment modalities and were impacted by age and hemorrhage status.

Conclusions
Charges associated with treatment of cerebral AVMs to the payer and society have increased dramatically over the first decade of the 21st century without clear improvements in quality parameters. However, analysis of the 3 primary treatment modalities has demonstrated differences and warrants further investigation to understand which patient population would benefit maximally from each. Unfortunately, with only imprecise measurements of quality in health care delivery, it remains imperative to develop national databases in which parameters, such as survival, functional outcomes, quality of life, and complication rates, can be assessed to examine the value of care delivered in a more meaningful way. Demonstrating an ever-increasing value of delivered health care will be imperative in our evolving health care system.