bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the reliability of tele-refraction for real time consultation with a remote optometrist
Authors: Kapur Neha , Sabherwal Shalinder , Sharma Preeti , Nayab Javed , Koh Pei Chen Patricia , Srivastava Soniya , Majumdar Atanu 
Published: June 2024

Introduction
Uncorrected refractive errors pose a significant challenge globally, particularly in remote regions of low-middle income countries where access to optometric care is often limited. Telerefraction, which involves refraction by a trained technician followed by real-time consultation with remote optometrist, is a promising approach for such remote settings. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of this model.

Methods
This prospective study, conducted in New Delhi, compared tele-refraction to in-person examinations. Trained technicians used a simple device, Click-check, to perform objective refraction and a tele-refraction platform to enter the findings of objective refraction. Final prescription was made after consulting a remote optometrist on that platform. Masked face-to-face optometrists served as the gold standard. The study involved refraction in 222 patients and 428 eyes.

Results
Tele-refraction demonstrated a strong agreement with in-person optometry, achieving 84.6% in spherical correction and 81% conformity in spherical equivalent. The mean difference of spherical equivalent between the two arms was only 0.11 D. The consultation with a remote optometrist improved conformity of spherical equivalent by 14.8% over objective refraction. 82 percent eyes matched in best corrected visual acuity and 92 percent were within 0.1 logMAR difference. For cylindrical axis, 74% eye were within acceptable 10 degrees of difference. The mismatch amongst the individual trained technicians, in terms of difference between the tele-refraction arm and the face-to face optometrist arm was found to be significant for cylindrical axis and not for spherical power and spherical equivalent.

Conclusion
Our study found tele-refraction by a trained technician comparable to refraction done by face-to-face optometrist. Tele-refraction, coupled with remote optometrist guidance can address the optometry resource gap in underserved areas. Thus, this model offers a transformative approach to enhancing the accessibility and quality of eye care services, which can significantly contribute to our efforts in achieving the global targets set by the World Health Organization for effective refractive error coverage. More standardized training for these technicians on ClickCheckTM for detecting the cylindrical axis with better accuracy, can improve this model further.
Psychosocial correlates of parents’ willingness to vaccinate their children against COVID-19
Authors: Yu Hyunmin , Bonett Stephen , Oyiborhoro Ufuoma , Aryal Subhash , Kim Andrew , Kornides Melanie L. , Jemmott John B. , Glanz Karen , Villarruel Antonia M. , Bauermeister José A. 
Published: June 2024

Background
Public health guidance recommended that children who are 6 months or older be vaccinated against COVID-19 in June of 2022. In the U.S., 56% of children under 17 had not received the COVID-19 vaccination in 2023. We examine parents’ willingness to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 using the theory of planned behavior in order to design effective strategies to promote vaccine uptake.

Methods
The Philadelphia Community Engagement Alliance is part of an NIH community-engaged consortium focused on addressing COVID-19 disparities across the U.S. We surveyed 1,008 Philadelphia parents (mean age 36.86, SD 6.55; 42.3% racial/ethnic minorities) between September 2021 and February 2022, a period when guidance for child vaccination was anticipated. Structural Equation Modeling analysis examined associations between parental willingness and vaccine-related attitudes, norms, and perceived control. Covariates included parents’ COVID-19 vaccination status, race/ethnicity, gender, and survey completion post-CDC pediatric COVID-19 vaccination guidelines. Subgroup analyses by race/ethnicity and gender were conducted.

Results
Our model demonstrated good fit (χ2 = 907.37, df = 419, p<0.001; comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.951; non-normed fit index [NNFI] = 0.946; root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.034 with 95% CI = 0.030–0.038). Attitudes (β^ = 0.447, p<0.001) and subjective norms (β^ = 0.309, p = 0.002) were predictors of intention. Racial/ethnic minority parents exhibited weaker vaccination intentions (β^ = -0.053, p = 0.028) than non-Hispanic White parents.

Conclusions
Parents’ attitudes and norms influence their vaccination intentions. Despite the survey predating widespread child vaccine availability, findings are pertinent given the need to increase and sustain pediatric vaccinations against COVID-19. Interventions promoting positive vaccine attitudes and prosocial norms are warranted. Tailored interventions and diverse communication strategies for parental subgroups may be useful to ensure comprehensive and effective vaccination initiatives.
Network pharmacology and experimental verification to decode the action of Qing Fei Hua Xian Decotion against pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Ke Hao-Liang , Li Rui-Jie , Yu Chao-Chao , Wang Xiu-Ping , Wu Chao-Yan , Zhang Ying-Wen 
Published: June 2024

Background
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a common interstitial pneumonia disease, also occurred in post-COVID-19 survivors. The mechanism underlying the anti-PF effect of Qing Fei Hua Xian Decotion (QFHXD), a traditional Chinese medicine formula applied for treating PF in COVID-19 survivors, is unclear. This study aimed to uncover the mechanisms related to the anti-PF effect of QFHXD through analysis of network pharmacology and experimental verification.

Methods
The candidate chemical compounds of QFHXD and its putative targets for treating PF were achieved from public databases, thereby we established the corresponding “herb-compound-target” network of QFHXD. The protein–protein interaction network of potential targets was also constructed to screen the core targets. Furthermore, Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were used to predict targets, and pathways, then validated by in vivo experiments.

Results
A total of 188 active compounds in QFHXD and 50 target genes were identified from databases. The key therapeutic targets of QFHXD, such as PI3K/Akt, IL-6, TNF, IL-1β, STAT3, MMP-9, and TGF-β1 were identified by KEGG and GO analysis. Anti-PF effects of QFHXD (in a dose-dependent manner) and prednisone were confirmed by HE, Masson staining, and Sirius red staining as well as in vivo Micro-CT and immunohistochemical analysis in a rat model of bleomycin-induced PF. Besides, QFXHD remarkably inhibits the activity of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smad2/3.

Conclusions
QFXHD significantly attenuated bleomycin-induced PF via inhibiting inflammation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. PI3K/Akt/NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathways might be the potential therapeutic effects of QFHXD for treating PF.
Exposure to structurally unique β‐d‐glucans differentially affects inflammatory responses in male mouse lungs
Authors: Metwali Nervana , Stapleton Emma M. , Hadina Suzana , Thorne Peter S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPro‐inflammatory fungal β‐d‐glucan (BDG) polysaccharides cause respiratory pathology. However, specific immunological effects of unique BDG structures on pulmonary inflammation are understudied. We characterized the effect of four unique fungal BDGs with unique branching patterns, solubility, and molecular weights in murine airways. Scleroglucan (1 → 3)(1 → 6)‐highly branched BDG, laminarin (1 → 3)(1 → 6)‐branched BDG, curdlan (1 → 3)‐linear BDG, and pustulan (1 → 6)‐linear BDG were assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Each BDG was tested by inhalation model with C3HeB/FeJ mice and compared to saline‐exposed control mice and unexposed sentinels (n = 3–19). Studies were performed ±heat‐inactivation (1 h autoclave) to increase BDG solubility. Outcomes included bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) differential cell counts (macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils), cytokines, serum IgE, and IgG2a (multiplex and ELISA). Ex vivo primary cells removed from lungs and plated at monolayer were stimulated (BDG, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), anti‐CD3), and cytokines compared to unstimulated cells. Right lung histology was performed. Inhalation of BDGs with distinct branching patterns exhibited varying inflammatory potency and immunogenicity. Lichen‐derived (1 → 6)‐linear pustulan was the most pro‐inflammatory BDG, increasing inflammatory infiltrate (BAL), serum IgE and IgG2a, and cytokine production. Primed lung cells responded to secondary LPS stimulation with a T‐cell‐specific response to pustulan. Glucan source and solubility should be considered in exposure and toxicological studies.
Multicriteria-based optimization of roller compacted concrete pavement containing crumb rubber and nano-silica
Authors: Adamu Musa , Raut Ashwin Narendra , Ibrahim Yasser E. , Janga Supriya , Khed Veerendrakumar C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Roller-compacted concrete pavement (RCCP) is a brittle material with low tensile strength that does not contain steel or dowel bars. This, in addition to the rigidity of the RCCP, causes degradation or cracking before the RCCP reaches its service life. To improve the performance of the RCCP, crumb rubber (CR) can be used as an aggregate. Hence, in this study, CR was used to replace 0, 10, 20, and 30% of the fine aggregate in the RCCP. To mitigate the adverse effect of the CR on the properties of the RCCP, nano-silica (NS) was added by weight of cement in proportions of 0, 1, 2, and 3%. To select an optimal mix based on various performance criteria, multicriteria-based optimization was carried out using techniques such as order of preference by similarity to ideal solution, evaluation based on distance from average solution, weighted sum model, and weighted product model techniques. During experimentation, CR improved the consistency and reduced the mechanical and durability properties of the RCCP, while NS reduced the consistency and improved the mechanical and durability performance of the RCCP. The M2 mix (mix containing 0% CR and 1% NS) is consistently ranked as the best choice for multi-criteria decision-making techniques and sensitivity analyses due to its exceptional physical, mechanical, and durability attributes, ensuring reliability across various decision-making scenarios. This study provides insights into the decision-making process for the choice of appropriate RCCP mix produced with CR and NS for improved performance in pavement applications and the importance of utilizing waste tire rubber in concrete pavements to promote sustainability.
Pediatric Vital Signs Documentation in a Nationally Representative US Emergency Department Sample
Authors: Ramgopal Sriram , Martin-Gill Christian , Michelson Kenneth A. 
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVES
Vital sign measurement and interpretation are essential components of assessment in the emergency department. We sought to assess the completeness of vital signs documentation (defined as a temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation) in a nationally representative sample of children presenting to the emergency department, characterize abnormal vital signs using pediatric advanced life support (PALS) criteria, and evaluate their association with hospitalization or transfer.

METHODS
We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study using the 2016–2021 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. We evaluated the proportion of children (aged ≤15 years) with complete vital signs and identified characteristics associated with complete vital signs documentation. We assessed the proportion of children having abnormal vital signs when using PALS criteria.

RESULTS
We included 162.7 million survey-weighted pediatric encounters. Complete vital signs documentation was present in 50.8% of encounters. Older age and patient acuity were associated with vital signs documentation. Abnormal vital signs were documented in 73.0% of encounters with complete vital signs and were associated with younger age and hospitalization or transfer. Abnormal vital signs were associated with increased odds of hospitalization or transfer (odds ratio 1.51, 95% confidence interval 1.11–2.04). Elevated heart rate and respiratory rate were associated with hospitalization or transfer.

CONCLUSIONS
A low proportion of children have documentation of complete vital signs, highlighting areas in need of improvement to better align with pediatric readiness quality initiatives. A high proportion of children had abnormal vital signs using PALS criteria. Few abnormalities were associated with hospitalization or transfer.
Management of Pustules and Vesicles in Afebrile Infants ≤60 Days Evaluated by Dermatology
Authors: Yun Sonora , Cotton Colleen , Faith Esteban Fernandez , Jacobs Linsey , Kittler Nicole , Monir Reesa L. , Ravi Manisha , Richmond Alexandra , Schoch Jennifer , Workman Eleanor , Zucker Jason , Hunt Raegan , Lauren Christine T. 
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVES
To assess the management and outcomes of afebrile infants who received a pediatric dermatology consultation for pustules and/or vesicles.

METHODS
Medical records were reviewed for all infants 60 days of age or younger who received a pediatric dermatology consult across 6 academic institutions between September 1, 2013 and August 31, 2019 to identify those infants with pustules and/or vesicles.

RESULTS
Of the 879 consults, 183 afebrile infants presented with pustules and/or vesicles. No cerebrospinal fluid cultures or blood cultures were positive for bacteria. No concordant positive urine cultures were identified in infants with cutaneous infection. Nine infants were diagnosed with herpes simplex virus (HSV). Five preterm infants were diagnosed with angioinvasive fungal infections.

CONCLUSIONS
No serious bacterial infections attributable to a skin source were identified, yet 53% of these infants received parenteral antibiotics. HSV was diagnosed in 7% of this cohort, 77.8% (7/9) of whom were term infants and 22.2% (2 of 9) of whom were preterm. Angioinvasive fungal infection was diagnosed in 3%, all of whom (100%, 5 of 5) were extremely preterm at &lt;28 weeks gestational age. These findings suggest that in full-term afebrile infants ≤60 days, the likelihood of a life-threatening etiology of isolated pustules or vesicles is low once HSV infection is excluded. In preterm infants with pustules and/or vesicles, a high index of suspicion must be maintained, and broad infectious evaluation is recommended. HSV testing is recommended for all infants with vesicles, grouped pustules and/or punched-out erosions.
Особенность договора страхования в качестве непоименованного способа обеспечения исполнения обязательств по российскому праву
Authors: Stepin Maksim 
Published: June 2024

В статье рассматривается страхование как способ обеспечения исполнения обязательств по праву России . Автор исследует классификации обеспечительных конструкций, сравнивает точки зрения различных ученых, используя при этом системный и функциональный методы толкования правовых норм . В дальнейшем это помогает раскрыть потенциал использования страхования в качестве обеспечительной конструкции основного обязательства . Договор страхования может выступать в качестве непоименованного способа обеспечения основного обязательства, соответствуя признакам акцессорности (системности), которые сформулированы законодателем в ст . 329 ГК РФ . Автор обращает внимание на то, что в документах, которые действовали до принятия современного Гражданского кодекса Российской Федерации, указание на признаки акцессорности в законодательстве предусмотрено не было . В статье доказывается, что акцессорность, выступающая в качестве системного метода, может применяться только к непоименованным способам обеспечения исполнения обязательств, а также аргументируется использование законодательных признаков акцессорности, указанных в статье 329 ГК РФ (прекращении, связанности, недействительности), которым должен соответствовать непоименованный способ обеспечения обязательства . Применение акцессорности ко всем поименованным способам обеспечения исполнения обязательств невозможно, так как все семь поименованных способов обеспечения исполнения обязательств (неустойка, поручительство, задаток, обеспечительный платеж, независимая гарантия, удержание, залог) нельзя свести к единым признакам, а это противоречит принципу системности . В статье делается вывод о возможности использования договора страхования в качестве способа обеспечения исполнения обязательства . Также автор учитывает, что договор страхования имеет определенные особенности, которые имманентно присущи этому обязательствуСт. Это выражается в обязательном наличии конкретных рисков, от которых осуществляется страхование . Вследствие этого вводится новое понятие — условная акцессорность . Страхование в качестве условно-акцессорного способа обеспечения исполнения обязательств используется для обеспечения исполнения обязательств не от всех существующих рисков неисполнения (ненадлежащего исполнения), а только от тех, которые указаны в договоре страхования .Для цитирования: Степин М.Г. Особенность договора страхования в качестве непоименованного способа обеспечения исполнения обязательств по российскому праву // Право. Журнал Высшей школы экономики. 2022. Т. 15. № 1. С. 96–114. DOI:10.17323/2072-8166.2022.1.96.114.
Новое единство кассы и реформа кассового устройства в России
Authors: Komyagin Dmitriy 
Published: June 2024

Статья содержит комплексную оценку последних изменений в российском бюджетном законодательстве. Эти изменения связаны с появлением норм о системе казначейских платежей, о казначейском обслуживании и о казначейском сопровождении. Указанные изменения оцениваются как реформа кассового устройства государства. Автор анализирует потенциальные возможности нового устройства, в том числе с точки зрения финансовой устойчивости, дает классификацию сложившемуся типу кассового устройства России, которое характеризуется им как смешанное (сочетающее компетенцию банковской системы и исполнительной власти) при соблюдении режима единства кассы. Вводится понятие кассовой монополии. Кроме того, в статье сделан вывод о целесообразности обновления определения принципа единства кассы, закрепленного в Бюджетном кодексе Российской Федерации. Такой вывод связан, во-первых, с распространением контроля государства на новые виды уже не только публичных, но и частных финансов, а также на финансовые активы. Во-вторых, он связан с появлением особой платежной системы государства (системы казначейских платежей). Предлагается авторский вариант определения принципа единства кассы. Новое определение дает возможность установить системную связь единства кассы как правового принципа с иными правовыми принципами, в том числе конституционного уровня. Предлагаемые изменения законодательства, по мнению автора, с одной стороны, создают возможность сосредоточить в руках правительства значительные финансовые ресурсы, а, с другой — позволяют избежать введения чрезвычайных мер, одной из которых является кассовая монополия. Следующая часть статьи посвящена пределам расширения казначейского сопровождения и единства кассы, которые рассматриваются через ряд дихотомических пар. Такие пары образуются на стыке публичных и частных интересов, то есть там, где свобода участников договора ограничена нормами бюджетного законодательства. В частности, это ограничение денежных обязательств бюджета лимитами оплаты, а также переход права собственности на денежные средства, выделяемые из бюджета. Данный метод предлагается использовать для тестирования правового регулирования бюджетного процесса.Для цитирования: Комягин Д. Л. Новое единство кассы и реформа кассового устройства в России // Право. Журнал Высшей школы экономики. 2022. № 3. С. 173–194. DOI:10.17323/2072-8166.2022.3.173.194.
Research and decomposition of information processing processes by the human brain and the introduction of the studied mechanisms into computer systems
Authors: Капитонов Д.Д. 
Published: June 2024

Работа посвящена общей декомпозиции процессов обработки информации мозгом человека. Проводится обзор имеющихся научных и научно-популярных материалов по анатомии и механизмам работы спинного и головного мозга. Обсуждаются процессы обработки информации различными отделами головного мозга. Предложены обобщенные схемы алгоритмов обработки информации различного типа с участием спинного мозга и гиппокампа. Рассматриваются возможности применения предложенных схем при разработке компьютерной системы.
The article addresses the issues of the general decomposition of information processing by the human brain. The review of available scientific and popular scientific materials on anatomy and mechanisms of spinal and brain work has been carried out. The article discusses the processes of information processing by different brain departments. Generalized schemes of information processing algorithms of different types involving the spinal cord and hippocampus are proposed. The author considers the possibilities of application of the proposed schemes in computer system development.
AL-QUR’AN ITU MENJAGA DIRI: PERANAN REGULASI DIRI PENGHAFAL AL-QUR’AN
Authors: Lukmawati Lukmawati , Tanjung Faisal , Supriyanto Jhon 
Published: June 2024

This research discussed about self regulation of Al-Qur'an reminder students at Rumah Qur'an Daarut Tarbiyah Palembang. This research used qualitative research with fenomenology design. The research result showed that after passing all the steps in self regulation to finish 30 chapters of Al-Qur'an so the eight research subjects got one same meaning of Al-Qur’an, that is Al-Qur'an is a way to protect their selves for instance: to protect their image/honor, to protect their purity by doing wudhu,to protect their eyes to see only a good thing, to protect their behaviour, to protect their selves in order to not includedin a group of unreliable people who did not do what they said,to protect their akhlak and attitude, to protect their way to wear an appropriate clothes based on syar’i, and the last isto protect their behaviour in communicating with other people especially to the older people.
Batch Operating Limestone Treatment Systems (BOLTS): Greater Efficiency and Cost Savings
Authors: Tasker Travis , Roman Ben , Eckenrode James , Himes Nicole , Warner Henry , Neely Buck , Denholm Cliff , Strosnider William , LaBar Julie , Danehy Tim 
Published: June 2024

Reclamation Highlights:
A novel batch operating limestone treatment system was used to treat mine drainage. Batch limestone treatment can decrease necessary limestone volume and overall cost. Treating mine drainage in batches could foster mine reclamation innovation.