bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of anionic dye removal using cross-linked chitosan composite as eco-friendly bio-adsorbent
Authors: Elhady Sarah , Bassyouni M. , Elshikhiby M. Z. , Saleh Mamdouh Y. , Elzahar Medhat H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe environmental impact of wastewater discharged from the textile dyeing industry has a significant challenge and influence on aquatic ecosystems and human health if not properly managed. This study aimed to develop a novel cross-linked chitosan composite, denoted as chitosan/fly ash/polyvinyl alcohol (Ch/FA/PVA), as a bio-adsorbent for removing Congo Red (CR) textile dye from industrial wastewater. The synthesis involved the incorporation of FA into the chitosan matrix at various ratios to optimize the process. A specifically tailored composite, Ch/FA0.75/PVA, exhibited superior performance with a remarkable 99.7% CR removal under optimum conditions: adsorbent dose (0.9 g/l), contact time (50 min), and dye concentration (40 mg/l). The characterization of Ch/FA0.75/PVA through SEM–EDX, BET, FTIR, and pHzpc confirmed its suitability for adsorption. Employing Box–Behnken design and analysis of variance (ANOVA) facilitated the optimization of key adsorption variables. The Freundlich model described the adsorption equilibrium, indicating a maximum adsorption capacity of 263.15 mg/g for CR dye. The pseudo-second-order model demonstrated favorable kinetics. The study was scaled up to the practical application of Ch/FA0.75/PVA in a pilot plant for industrial wastewater treatment, revealing substantial removal percentages for dye, color, COD, BOD5 and TDS. This comprehensive approach highlights the promising efficacy of Ch/FA0.75/PVA in addressing environmental concerns associated with textile dye wastewater.
Nanomechanical and Structural Characteristics of Nanodiamond Composite Films Dependent on Target-Substrate Distance
Authors: Egiza Mohamed , Diab Mohamed Ragab , Murasawa Koki , Naragino Hiroshi , Yoshitake Tsuyoshi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study explores the optimization of target-substrate distance (TSD) in coaxial arc plasma deposition technique for depositing nanodiamond composite (NDC) films on unheated WC–Co substrates, with a focus on enhancing properties relevant to cutting tool applications. TSD significantly impacted film growth and adhesion, while hardness and Young’s modulus remained stable within the 10–50 mm TSD range. Increased TSD led to reduced deposition rates and film thickness, but improved quality by eliminating macroparticles and reducing surface roughness. Notably, the NDC film deposited at 10 mm TSD exhibited exceptional adhesion resistance, a thickness of 11.45 μm, low compressive internal stress (2.8 GPa), and a surface roughness (Sa) of 280 nm, coupled with an impressive hardness of 49.12 GPa. This film also achieved a favorable deposition rate of 1.05 nm/s. In comparison, the film deposited at 15 mm TSD displayed a maximum hardness of 51.3 GPa, lower Sa of 179 nm, but a reduced deposition rate of 0.29 nm/s. The estimated C sp
3 fraction correlated well with the nanoindentation measurements, while internal stress showed a consistent relationship with film adhesion. These findings suggest that a TSD of 10 mm is optimal for balancing hardness, adhesion, deposition rate, and surface roughness, making NDC films a promising candidate for cutting tool applications.
Farmers’ evolving attitudes on environmental conditionality in the CAP: a farm level examination of temporal shifts
Authors: McCormack Michele , Buckley Cathal , Lynch Bridget 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGiven the anticipated shift in the allocation of resources under the common agricultural policy (CAP) toward increasing positive environmental outcomes, this study explores farmer attitudes toward the current principle of connecting direct payments to environmental conditionality, known as cross compliance. Furthermore, we explore whether there have been changes in farmer attitudes toward cross compliance over time by posing identical questions to farmers in both 2010 and 2018. A supplementary survey was designed and administered in conjunction with the core EU Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) to assess farmers’ attitudes to linking CAP payments to environmental conditionality. The findings of a generalized ordered logit model indicate a high level of support among farmers for linking direct payments to good agricultural practices and cross compliance standards. Factors influencing farmers’ acceptance of cross compliance can be categorized into several domains, including farm and farmer characteristics, social and institutional attributes, and economic factors. Notably, the level of subsidy dependency emerges as a highly significant factor, with farmers who rely more heavily on direct payments being more inclined to disagree with cross compliance requirements.
Health Effects of Occupational and Environmental Exposures to Nuclear Power Plants: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression
Authors: Lin Ro-Ting , Boonhat Hathaichon , Lin Yu-Yu , Klebe Sonja , Takahashi Ken 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Numerous epidemiological studies have shown increased health risks among workers and residents living near nuclear power plants exposed to radiation levels meeting regulatory dose limits. This study aimed to evaluate the association between radiation exposure and disease risks among these populations exposed to radiation levels meeting the current regulatory dose limits.

Recent Findings
We searched four databases (Cochrane Library, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science) for studies published before August 2023, screened eligible studies (inclusion and exclusion criteria based on population, exposure, comparator, and outcome framework), and collected data on exposure indicators and disease risks. We applied random-effects models of meta-analysis to estimate the pooled effects and meta-regression to assess the dose-response relationship (radiation dose rate for workers and distance for residents). We identified 47 studies, 13 with worker and 34 with resident samples, covering 175 nuclear power plants from 17 countries, encompassing samples of 480,623 workers and 7,530,886 residents. Workers had a significantly lower risk for all-cancer and a significantly higher risk for mesothelioma. Residents had significantly higher risks for all-cancer, thyroid cancer, and leukemia. Notably, children under 5 years old showed the highest risk for all-cancer. Our meta-regression showed a significantly positive dose-response relationship between cumulative dose of radiation exposure and risk for circulatory disease among workers.

Summary
Our findings demonstrated higher risks for mesothelioma for workers and all-cancer, thyroid cancer, and leukemia for residents exposed to low-dose radiation from nuclear power plants. Some included studies did not adjust for cancer risk confounders, which could overestimate the association between radiation exposure and cancer risk and increase the risk of bias.
The Effect of Chemical Composition of Biological Solutions on the Tribocorrosive Behavior and Synergistic Wear of Titanium Grade V Alloys for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Ruggiero Alessandro , De Stefano Marco 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCurrently, the impact of tribocorrosion on medical devices such as dental implants has achieved notable effects since tribocorrosion is directly correlated with the longevity of the prosthesis. In a scenario where the phenomenon involves several variables, both from the tribological and chemical fields, this work aims to investigate the effect of the chemical compositions of biological solutions on the coupling of titanium grade V-alumina. The experimental tests were performed by a reciprocating tribometer equipped with a potentiostat and by a confocal/interferometric laser microscope connected with high-performance software for particle and wear analysis. The latter was evaluated by the synergistic approach, which is commonly adopted in the scientific community, as the sum of mechanical and synergistic effects. The results underlined that sodium lactate induced the greatest volume loss as much as the greatest tribocorrosive current and friction coefficient. On the other hand, the presence of salts such as sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate also influenced the tribocorrosive response of titanium grade V alloys. In conclusion, the analytical equation considered for synergistic wear was modified by the introduction of a novel coefficient derived from the direct relationship between the friction coefficient and synergy and compared with the experimental data, providing a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.89.
Examining the nexus of blockchain technology and digital twins: Bibliometric evidence and research trends
Authors: Ma Xiaozhi , Du Wenbo , Li Lingyue , Liu Jing , Yuan Hongping 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe integration of Blockchain Technology (BT) with Digital Twins (DTs) is becoming increasingly recognized as an effective strategy to enhance trust, interoperability, and data privacy in virtual spaces such as the metaverse. Although there is a significant body of research at the intersection of BT and DTs, a thorough review of the field has not yet been conducted. This study performs a systematic literature review on BT and DTs, using the CiteSpace analytic tool to evaluate the content and bibliometric information. The review covers 976 publications, identifying the significant effects of BT on DTs and the integration challenges. Key themes emerging from keyword analysis include augmented reality, smart cities, smart manufacturing, cybersecurity, lifecycle management, Ethereum, smart grids, additive manufacturing, blockchain technology, and digitalization. Based on this analysis, the study proposes a development framework for BT-enhanced DTs that includes supporting technologies and applications, main applications, advantages and functionalities, primary contexts of application, and overarching goals and principles. Additionally, an examination of bibliometric data reveals three developmental phases in cross-sectional research on BT and DTs: technology development, technology use, and technology deployment. These phases highlight the research field’s evolution and provide valuable direction for future studies on BT-enhanced DTs.
Advances and challenges in zirconia-based materials for dental applications
Authors: Han Mi-Kyung 
Published: June 2024

AbstractZirconia ceramics, as a category of metal oxide ceramics, stand out due to their impressive physicochemical and mechanical properties. Recognized for being bioinert, these ceramics are non-toxic, exhibit excellent biocompatibility, and offer superior mechanical strength. Moreover, zirconia’s natural aesthetic qualities enable it to closely mimic the appearance of natural teeth, making it an optimal choice for dental restorations, such as crowns, bridges, and veneers. This review examines the complex relationship between zirconia’s microstructure, including aspects like grain size, porosity, and phase composition, and how these factors impact its translucency and mechanical durability. A specific focus is on the critical role of the tetragonal phase in zirconia, spotlighting its contribution to the material’s superior mechanical strength and esthetic qualities. The stabilization of this phase, primarily through the use of yttria, is discussed for its dual influence on enhancing both the material’s strength and esthetic properties. Challenges such as low-temperature degradation (LTD) and discoloration are highlighted, along with potential solutions like advanced surface modifications and novel manufacturing techniques. The potential of flash sintering and 3D printing to further improve zirconia’s properties is also explored.
The Intensifying East China Sea Kuroshio and Disappearing Ryukyu Current in a Warming Climate
Authors: Yang Haiyuan , Cai Jinzhuo , Wu Lixin , Guo Haihong , Chen Zhaohui , Jing Zhao , Gan Bolan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe East China Sea Kuroshio (ECS‐Kuroshio) and the Ryukyu Current are the major poleward heat carriers in the North Pacific. Anomalous changes of ECS‐Kuroshio and Ryukyu Current could exert substantial influence on the climate in mid‐latitude regions. However, owing to limited observations and coarse resolution of climate models, how they might change under anthropogenic warming remains unknown. Here, we find an accelerating ECS‐Kuroshio (1.5 Sv) and a decelerating (−2.2 Sv) Ryukyu Current using in‐situ observation during 1958–2022, equivalent to 7% strengthening and 20% weakening in the 65 years. The trend is also simulated by four high‐resolution climate models, with multi‐model ensemble‐mean acceleration (deceleration) of the ECS‐Kuroshio (Ryukyu Current) of 1.2 ± 0.6 Sv (−6.2 ± 2.5 Sv) over 1950–2050. The weakening subtropical wind field reduces their summed transport o. Enhanced stratification, which induces uplift of current system and weaker topography‐flow interaction, leads to the intensifying ECS‐Kuroshio and disappearing Ryukyu Current.
Classification of Ground‐Based Auroral Images by Learning Deep Tensor Feature Representation on Riemannian Manifold
Authors: Hu Yangfan , Zhou Zeming , Yang Pinglv , Zhao Xiaofeng , Zhang Peng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAutomatically classifying a huge amount of ground‐based auroral images is essential to facilitate aurora morphology statistical research and aid in comprehending the magnetospheric dynamics. However, facing the challenge of insufficient labeled images, deep learning methods perform suboptimally on small auroral image data sets, and traditional machine learning methods based on handcrafted features heavily rely on expert knowledge. In this paper, we propose a novel method that leverages the merits of both traditional machine learning and deep learning methods by extracting deep second‐order tensor features to train a support vector machine (SVM). To improve compactness and discriminative ability of the features, we comply the intrinsic data geometry on Riemannian manifold to employ dimensionality reduction and map the dimensionality‐reduced features from Riemannian space to Euclidean space for the SVM classifier. Experimental results on small aurora data sets conclusively demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, exhibiting competitive performance with recent aurora classification methods.
GOLD Observations of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles Reaching Mid‐Latitudes During the 23 April 2023 Geomagnetic Storm
Authors: Karan Deepak Kumar , Martinis Carlos R. , Eastes Richard W. , Daniell Robert E. , McClintock William E. , Huang Chao‐Song 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA coronal mass ejection erupted from the Sun on 21 April 2023 and created a G4 geomagnetic storm on 23 April. NASA's global‐scale observations of the limb and disk (GOLD) imager observed bright equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crests at ∼25° Mlat, ∼11° poleward from their average locations, computed by averaging the EIA crests during the previous geomagnetic quiet days (18–22 April) between ∼15°W and 5°W Glon. Reversed C‐shape equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) were observed reaching ∼±36° Mlat (∼40°N and ∼30°S Glat) with apex altitudes ∼4,000 km and large westward tilts of ∼52°. Using GOLD's observations EPBs zonal motions are derived. It is observed that the EPBs zonal velocities are eastward near the equator and westward at mid‐latitudes. Model‐predicted prompt penetration electric fields indicate that they may have affected the postsunset pre‐reversal enhancement at equatorial latitudes. Zonal ion drifts from a defense meteorological satellite program satellite suggest that westward neutral winds and perturbed westward ion drifts over mid‐latitudes contributed to the observed latitudinal shear in zonal drifts.
The Wind‐Blown Sand Experiment in the Empty Quarter Desert: Roughness Length and Saltation Characteristics
Authors: Nelli Narendra , Francis Diana , Sow Mamadou , Fonseca Ricardo , Alkatheeri Abdulrahman , Bosc Emmanuel , Bergametti Gilles 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Empty Quarter Desert, one of Earth's major dust sources, frequently experiences dust storms due to wind erosion. Despite its significance as a primary dust source on a global scale, in‐situ observations from this region had not been reported until very recently. In summer 2022, the WInd‐blown Sand Experiment (WISE) Phase‐1 was initiated in the Empty Quarter Desert of the United Arab Emirates, and continued until 7 February 2023. Utilizing a diverse array of instruments, we measured winds, temperature, humidity, radiation fluxes, saltation, and the physical and optical properties of dust aerosols, atmospheric electric fields, and soil characteristics. A total of 38 distinct sand‐saltation events were recorded from September 2022 to February 2023, with activity peaking between 13:00 and 14:00 local time. Key findings include the identification of dominant wind patterns, and the measurement of the average aerodynamic roughness length (z0) at 0.8 ± 0.6 mm, and the thermal roughness length (zh) at 0.3 ± 0.5 mm—the first estimation of zh for this area. In‐situ observations revealed that dust particle concentrations near the surface increased 1.7‐fold on days with saltation compared to days without it. Moreover, we determined a wind‐speed threshold for initiating saltation at 7.70 m s−1. This comprehensive data set significantly advances our understanding of atmospheric‐soil interactions and sand movement dynamics, providing invaluable insights for ongoing research into desert environments and the global dust cycle.
Impact of the Turbulent Vertical Mixing on Chemical and Cloud Species in the Venus Cloud Layer
Authors: Lefèvre Maxence , Lefèvre Franck , Marcq Emmanuel , Määttänen Anni , Stolzenbach Aurélien , Streel Nicolas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Venusian atmosphere hosts a 10 km deep convective layer that has been studied by various spacecrafts. However, the impact of the strong vertical mixing on the chemistry of this region is still unknown. This study presents the first realistic coupling between resolved small‐scale turbulence and a chemical network. The resulting vertical mixing is different for each species: those with longer chemical timescales will tend to be well‐mixed. Vertical eddy diffusion due to resolved convection motions was estimated, ranging from 102 to 104 m2/s for the 48–55 km convective layer, several orders of magnitude above the typically used value. In the 48–55 km convective layer, the impact of the small‐scale turbulence on the cloud layer boundaries was between 200 m and 1 km. The impact of turbulence on cloud chemistry is consistent with Venus Express/Visible and Infrared Thermal Imaging Spectrometer observations. The observability at the cloud‐top of small‐scale turbulence by VenSpec‐U spectrometer would be challenging.
Warm Advection as a Cause for Extreme Heat Event in North China
Authors: Wang Xijin , Zhang Zhongshi , Yu Entao , Guo Chuncheng , Otterå Odd Helge , Counillon François 
Published: June 2024

AbstractExtreme heat events (EHEs) often hit North China, resulting in significant losses. The devastating EHE in the 1743 summer, marked as the highest temperature in the past 300 years, led to ∼11,000 fatalities. These historical EHEs prompt us to explore potential mechanisms beyond anthropogenic influences. We employ the Norwegian Earth System Model here to simulate the past millennium climate and then dynamically downscale the July 1743 event using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model. The successful simulation of warming in North China, although it has been a fortunate outcome, is supported by tree‐ring records, providing a compelling case study for the event. Through composite and case analyses, we discover a connection between EHEs and active Northeast China Vortexes (NCVs) which induce warm advection, consequently heating the lower atmosphere. Reanalysis further confirms the connection in the modern era. Our study suggests modeling past EHEs, while challenging, is indeed feasible.
Asymmetrical Looping Magnetic Fields and Marsward Flows on the Nightside of Mars
Authors: Li Shibang , Lu Haoyu , Cao Jinbin , Cui Jun , Ip Wing‐Huen , Wild James A. , Zhang Xiaoxin , Chen Nihan , Song Yihui , Wang Jianxuan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAs the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) carried by the solar wind encounters the martian atmosphere, it tends to pile up and drape around the planet, forming looping magnetic fields and inducing marsward ion flows on the nightside. Previous statistical observations revealed asymmetrical distribution features within this morphology; however, the underlying physical mechanism remains unclear. In this study, utilizing a three‐dimensional multi‐fluid magnetohydrodynamic simulation model, we successfully reproduce the asymmetrical distributions of the looping magnetic fields and corresponding marsward flows on the martian nightside. Analyzing the magnetic forces resulting from the bending of the IMF over the polar area, we find that the asymmetry is guided by the orientation of the solar wind motional electric field (ESW). A higher solar wind velocity leads to enhanced magnetic forces, resulting in more tightly wrapped magnetic fields with an increased efficiency in accelerating flows as they approach closer to Mars.
The Atlantic Niño Mode: A Thermodynamic or a Dynamic Phenomenon?
Authors: Eusebi Borzelli Gian Luca , Carniel Sandro , Carniel Cosimo Enrico , Russo Aniello 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Atlantic Niño is an important source of the year‐to‐year variability of the tropical Atlantic, consisting in an irregular oscillation of the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in the eastern tropical Atlantic. The physical mechanism underlying this oscillation is topic of debate. Some theories, known as dynamical, suggest that the Atlantic Niño is driven by internal wave dynamics. Other theories, termed thermodynamic, propose that the eastern tropical Atlantic SST variability is caused by thermodynamic processes associated with heat fluxes at the ocean surface and/or heat transport by oceanic currents. Here, we examine the SST variability from 1940 to 2022 and find that it can be described in terms of two spatial modes: one in the central and the other in eastern tropical Atlantic. However, focusing on the period from 1993 to 2022, these patterns behave differently. In 1993–2009 they concur in determining the eastern tropical Atlantic SST variability, while in 2010–2022 they act in opposite direction. Therefore, we use Sea Surface Height data and heat fluxes advected by oceanic currents to explore the relative contribution of wave dynamics and heat advection to the eastern tropical Atlantic SST fluctuation. We show that, between 1993 and 2010, the eastern tropical Atlantic SST variability is mainly determined by heat advected from the south by horizontal currents, while between 2010 and 2022 it can be explained in terms of wave dynamics. This finding suggests that the two spatial patterns determining the eastern tropical Atlantic SST variability, are two distinct physical phenomena forced by different physical mechanisms.