bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FAT Projects: Manifesting Radical Post‐Modernism
Authors:   FAT
Published: September 2011

AbstractSean Griffiths, Charles Holland and Sam Jacob of FAT explain how they have developed their own brand of fit‐for‐purpose Radical Post‐Modernism that enables them to actively engage with the specifics of any building project. They work at a diverse range of scales and programmes from art pavilions to social housing and public buildings. Not afraid to magnify the ordinary and the familiar, FAT tackle the often‐thorny questions of taste and meaning head on with a joyful verve. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bone density phenotypes in mice aneuploid for the Down syndrome critical region
Authors: Olson Lisa E. , Mohan Subburaman 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDown syndrome (trisomy 21) is associated with reduced bone density in humans, but it is unclear whether this is due to specific effects of chromosome 21 genes or lifestyle factors. Mouse models with aneuploidy of segments of mouse chromosome 16 that are homologous to human chromosome 21 can be used to elucidate the mechanism by which Down syndrome phenotypes arise. Ts1Rhr and Ms1Rhr mice are trisomic and monosomic, respectively, for the hypothesized “Down syndrome critical region” containing approximately 33 genes. We assessed the skeletons of these mice from 3 to 16 weeks of age using dual X‐ray absorptiometry. Ts1Rhr mice were unexpectedly similar to normal controls, showing that a larger region of trisomy is necessary to recapitulate the Down syndrome phenotype. Ms1Rhr mice, in contrast, showed decreases in weight, bone mineral content, bone mineral density, and bone area from weaning to adulthood. Regional bone density was also decreased in the femur, tibia, and lower lumbar spine. The microarchitecture of 3 week old Ms1Rhr femurs was then analyzed using µCT. Volumetric density, total tissue volume, bone volume, and bone fraction were all reduced in both cortical and trabecular bone. Ms1Rhr trabeculae were thinner and had decreased connectivity. A 31.5% reduction in the level of insulin‐like growth factor I in the serum was found, and we hypothesize that this is responsible for the bone density phenotype. We discuss bone‐related genes in the region and propose that humans with distal chromosome 21 deletions may exhibit reduced bone density. Published 2011. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Surface‐Inspired Molecular Vanadium Oxide Catalysts for the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Alcohols: Evidence for Metal Cooperation and Peroxide Intermediates
Authors: Werncke C. Gunnar , Limberg Christian , Knispel Christina , Mebs Stefan 
Published: September 2011

AbstractOn the basis that thiacalix[4]arene (H4T4A) complex (PPh4)2[H2T4A(VO2)]2 (Ia) was found to be an adequate functional model for surface species occurring on vanadium oxide based catalysts and itself catalyses the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of alcohols, an analogue containing 2,2′‐thiobis(2,4‐di‐tert‐butylphenolate), SL2−, as ligand, namely, (PPh4)2[SLVO2]2 (II) was investigated in the same context. Despite the apparent similarity of Ia and II, studies on II revealed several novel insights, which are also valuable in connection with surfaces of vanadia catalysts: 1) For Ia and II similar turnover numbers (TONs) were found for the ODH of activated alcohols, which indicates that the additional OH units inherent to Ia do not contribute particularly to the activity of this complex, for instance, through prebinding of the alcohol. 2) On dissolution II enters into an equilibrium with a monomeric form, which is the predominant species in solution; nevertheless, ODH proceeds exclusively at the dimeric form, and this stresses the need for cooperation of two vanadium centres. 3) By omitting O2 from the system during the oxidation of 9‐fluorenol, the reduced form of the catalyst could be isolated and fully characterised (including single‐crystal X‐ray analysis). The corresponding intermediate had been elusive in case of thiacalixarene system Ia. 4) Reoxidation was found to proceed via a peroxide intermediate that also oxidises one alcohol equivalent. As the peroxide can also perform mono‐ and dioxygenation of the thioether group in II, after a number of turnovers the active catalyst contains a sulfone group. The reduced form of this ultimate catalyst was also isolated and structurally characterised. Possible implications of 1)–4) for the function of heterogeneous vanadia catalysts are discussed.
Identification of Inhibitors of the Leishmania cdc2‐Related Protein Kinase CRK3
Authors: Cleghorn Laura A. T. , Woodland Andrew , Collie Iain T. , Torrie Leah S. , Norcross Neil , Luksch Torsten , Mpamhanga Chido , Walker Roderick G. , Mottram Jeremy C. , Brenk Ruth , Frearson Julie A. , Gilbert Ian H. , Wyatt Paul G. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractNew drugs are urgently needed for the treatment of tropical parasitic diseases such as leishmaniasis and human African trypanosomiasis (HAT). This work involved a high‐throughput screen of a focussed kinase set of ∼3400 compounds to identify potent and parasite‐selective inhibitors of an enzymatic Leishmania CRK3–cyclin 6 complex. The aim of this study is to provide chemical validation that Leishmania CRK3–CYC6 is a drug target. Eight hit series were identified, of which four were followed up. The optimisation of these series using classical SAR studies afforded low‐nanomolar CRK3 inhibitors with significant selectivity over the closely related human cyclin dependent kinase CDK2.
Effects of MOCVD Thin Cobalt Films' Structure and Surface Characteristics on their Magnetic Behavior
Authors: Papadopoulos Nikolaos , Karayianni Chaido‐Stefania , Tsakiridis Petros , Sarantopoulou Evangelia , Hristoforou Evangelos 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCobalt thin films are deposited by metal‐organic (MO)CVD, under various experimental conditions, on Si and SiO2 substrates. The precursors used are cobalt nitrosyl tricarbonyl, Co(CO)3NO, cobalt acetylacetonate, Co(acac)2, and cobalt carbonyl, Co2(CO)8. Emphasis is given to the delivery method of each precursor, especially to a new technique of aerosol delivery. The films are thoroughly examined in terms of microstructure and surface morphology in order to establish relevance to magnetic properties. It is found that Co films deposited from Co2(CO)8 dissolved in dichloromethane are characterized by a high degree of planarity and purity, while exhibiting a non‐hysteretic giant magnetoresistance (GMR) behavior in the presence of an externally applied magnetic field normal to their surface.
Circulation times of prostate cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma cells by in vivo flow cytometry
Authors: Li Yan , Guo Jin , Wang Chaofeng , Fan Zhichao , Liu Guangda , Wang Cheng , Gu Zhengqin , Damm David , Mosig Axel , Wei Xunbin 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn metastasis, the cancer cells that travel through the body are capable of establishing new tumors in locations remote from the site of the original disease. To metastasize, a cancer cell must break away from its tumor and invade either the circulatory or lymphatic system, which will carry it to a new location, and establish itself in the new site. Once in the blood stream, the cancer cells now have access to every portion of the body. Here, we have used the “in vivo flow cytometer” to study if there is any relationship between metastatic potential and depletion kinetics of circulating tumor cells. The in vivo flow cytometer has the capability to detect and quantify continuously the number and flow characteristics of fluorescently labelled cells in vivo. We have improved the counting algorithm and measured the depletion kinetics of cancer cells with different metastatic potential. Interestingly, more invasive PC‐3 prostate cancer cells are depleted faster from the circulation than LNCaP cells. In addition, we have measured the depletion kinetics of two related human hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer) cell lines, high‐metastatic HCCLM3 cells, and low‐metastatic HepG2 cells. More than 60% HCCLM3 cells are depleted within the first hour. Interestingly, the low‐metastatic HepG2 cells possess noticeably slower depletion kinetics. In comparison, <40% HepG2 cells are depleted within the first hour. The differences in depletion kinetics might provide insights into early metastasis processes. © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Autonomic dysfunction and plasticity in micturition reflexes in human α‐synuclein mice
Authors: Hamill Robert W. , Tompkins John D. , Girard Beatrice M. , Kershen Richard T. , Parsons Rodney L. , Vizzard Margaret A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAlthough often overshadowed by the motor dysfunction associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), autonomic dysfunction including urinary bladder and bowel dysfunctions are often associated with PD and may precede motoric changes; such autonomic dysfunction may permit early detection and intervention. Lower urinary tract symptoms are common in PD patients and result in significant morbidity. This studies focus on nonmotor symptoms in PD using a transgenic mouse model with overexpression of human α‐synuclein (hSNCA), the peptide found in high concentrations in Lewy body neuronal inclusions, the histopathologic hallmark of PD. We examined changes in the physiological, molecular, chemical, and electrical properties of neuronal pathways controlling urinary bladder function in transgenic mice. The results of these studies reveal that autonomic dysfunction (i.e., urinary bladder) can precede motor dysfunction. In addition, mice with hSNCA overexpression in relevant neuronal populations is associated with alterations in expression of neurotransmitter/neuromodulatory molecules (PACAP, VIP, substance P, and neuronal NOS) within neuronal pathways regulating bladder function as well as with increased NGF expression in the urinary bladder. Changes in the electrical and synaptic properties of neurons in the major pelvic ganglia that provide postganglionic innervation to urogenital tissues were not changed as determined with intracellular recording. The urinary bladder dysfunction observed in transgenic mice likely reflects changes in peripheral (i.e., afferent) and/or central micturition pathways or changes in the urinary bladder. SYN‐OE mice provide an opportunity to examine early events underlying the molecular and cellular plasticity of autonomic nervous system pathways underlying synucleinopathies. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 72: 918–936, 2012
Application of a multidisciplinary approach for the evaluation of traceability of extra virgin olive oil
Authors: Chiavaro Emma , Cerretani Lorenzo , Di Matteo Antonietta , Barnaba Carlo , Bendini Alessandra , Iacumin Paola 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn this work, a multidisciplinary approach for the evaluation of extra virgin olive oil traceability (geographical provenience and botanical differentiation) is presented. Conventional techniques such as major chemical component determination (triacylglycerols, TAG and fatty acids) and other novel approaches as stable isotopic ratio (13C/12C in combination with 18O/16O) and thermal properties obtained from cooling curves and their deconvoluted peaks by means of differential scanning calorimetry were compared. Fifty‐three samples from different Italian regions, diverse cultivars, and two Mediterranean areas (Italy and Croatia) were analyzed with all the three techniques. The oils exhibited different values especially for δ18O and thermal properties of the deconvoluted peaks of crystallization according to Italian regions and/or cultivars. Data were treated by means of linear discriminant analysis inserting all parameters as predictors in models where the potentiality to discriminate oils was tested. All models revealed a good resolution among categories with selected TAG, δ18O values, and thermal properties of the deconvoluted peak set at the highest temperature exhibiting the highest weight for the discriminant functions. These findings could give strength to the utilization of new analytical techniques supporting those traditionally employed, also sustained by proper chemometric procedures, as suitable for the resolution of extra virgin olive traceability.Practical applications: Consumers' awareness of extra virgin olive oil traceability has recently increased the interest for new methods that can assess its geographical and botanical origins and new findings in this sector represent a key factor affecting the purchases in non‐producer countries. Multidisciplinary approaches supported by chemometric procedures enable the building of large databases and classification models for the determination of the provenience of extra virgin olive oil.
Rock warming and drying under simulated intertidal conditions, part I: experimental procedures and comparisons with field data
Authors: Coombes Martin A. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThe wetting–drying and warming–cooling behaviours of rock and stone are known to influence the nature and rate of weathering. The way materials warm‐up and dry‐out also influences their suitability as biological substrata. While rock thermal behaviours have been measured under controlled laboratory conditions, previous experiments have largely been restricted to terrestrial simulations due to practical constraints. Where efforts have been made to simulate intertidal conditions, expansion and contraction of rocks or rates of breakdown (i.e. sediment production and weight loss) have been measured, while detailed observations of thermal and drying behaviours have rarely been made.A simple, semi‐automated procedure is described that enabled measurement of surface temperatures and desorption (evaporative water loss) for different material types (rock and concrete) under simulated semidiurnal tide conditions. Some preliminary results are presented illustrating the types of data that were obtained, and comparisons are made with temperature data collected on a rock platform in the UK to assess the ability of the procedure to adequately represent field conditions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Origin and karst geomorphological significance of the enigmatic Australian Nullarbor Plain ‘blowholes’
Authors: Doerr Stefan H. , Davies Rob R. , Lewis Alexander , Pilkington Graham , Webb John A. , Ackroyd Peter J. , Bodger Owen 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThe Australian Nullarbor Plain, one of the world's largest limestone platforms (~200 000 km2), has few distinctive surface karst features for its size, but is known for its enigmatic ‘blowholes’, which can display strong barometric draughts. Thousands of these vertical tubes with decimetre–metre (dm–m) scale diameter puncture the largely featureless terrain. The cause and distribution of these has remained unclear, but they have been thought to originate from downward dissolution and/or salt weathering.To elucidate blowhole distribution and mode of formation we (i) correlated existing location data with Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data, which distinguishes the subtle undulations (< 10 m per km) of the landscape, (ii) surveyed blowhole morphology and (iii) determined their rock surface hardness.Over a sampled area of 4200 km2, the distribution of 615 known blowholes is not correlated with present topography. Blowholes are often connected to small or, in some cases extensive, but typically shallow cavities, which exhibit numerous ‘cupolas’ (dome‐shaped pockets) in their ceilings. Statistical arguments suggest that cavities with cupolas are common, but in only a few cases do these puncture the surface. Hardness measurements indicate that salt weathering is not their main cause. Our observations suggest that blowholes do not develop downwards, but occur where a cupola breaks through the surface. Lowering of the land surface is suggested to be the main cause for this breakthrough. Although cupolas may undergo some modification under the current climate, they, as well as the shallow caves they are formed in, are likely to be palaeokarst features formed under a shallower water table and wetter conditions in the past. The findings presented have implications for theories of dissolutional forms development in caves worldwide. The environmental history of the Nullarbor platform allows testing of such theories, because many other factors, which complicate karst evolution elsewhere, have not interfered with landform evolution here. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Associations of serotonergic genes with poststroke emotional incontinence
Authors: Kim Jae‐Min , Stewart Robert , Kang Hee‐Ju , Bae Kyung‐Yeol , Kim Sung‐Wan , Shin Il‐Seon , Kim Joon‐Tae , Park Man‐Seok , Cho Ki‐Hyun , Yoon Jin‐Sang 
Published: September 2011

ObjectivesPoststroke emotional incontinence (PSEI) has been associated with serotonergic dysfunction. Polymorphisms of serotonin transporter (5‐HTT) and serotonin 2a receptor (5‐HTR2a) genes may regulate serotonergic signaling at brain synapses, and this study was to investigate associations with PSEI in an East Asian population.MethodsIn 276 stroke cases, PSEI was diagnosed by Kim's criteria. Covariates included age, gender, education, history of depression or stroke, current depression, and stroke severity and location. Genotypes were ascertained for 5‐HTT gene‐linked promoter region (5‐HTTLPR), serotonin transporter intron 2 variable number tandem repeat, 5‐HTR2a 1438A/G, and 5‐HTR2a 102 T/C. Associations with PSEI were estimated by using logistic regression models, and gene–gene interactions were investigated by using the generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction method.ResultsPSEI was present in 37 (13.4%) patients. The 5‐HTT gene‐linked promoter region s/s genotype was independently associated with PSEI. No associations with STin2 VNTR and 5‐HTR2a genes were found, and no significant gene–gene interactions were identified.ConclusionsStroke patients with 5‐HTTLPR s allele had higher susceptibility to PSEI, which underlines the potential role of serotonergic pathways in its etiology. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Induction of proinflammatory mediators by CHI3L1 is reduced by chitin treatment: Decreased tumor metastasis in a breast cancer model
Authors: Libreros Stephania , Garcia‐Areas Ramon , Shibata Yoshimi , Carrio Roberto , Torroella‐Kouri Marta , Iragavarapu‐Charyulu Vijaya 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDisseminated metastasis accounts for over 90% of breast cancer deaths. Recently, elevated serum levels of a glycoprotein known as chitinase‐3 like‐protein‐1 (CHI3L1) has been correlated with poor prognosis and shorter survival of patients with metastatic breast cancer. In this study, we show that there are increased levels of CHI3L1 in plasma of tumor‐bearing mice and that both tumor cells and immune cells express and secrete CHI3L1. However, the biological and physiological functions of CHI3L1 are still unclear. We demonstrate that while CHI3L1 has an inhibitory role in the expression of interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), CHI3L1 up‐regulates pro‐inflammatory mediators, C‐chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), chemokine CX motif ligand 2 (CXCL2) and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) all of which contribute to tumor growth and metastasis. We found that in vitro inhibition of CHI3L1 by siRNA suppressed the production of CCL2, CXCL2 and MMP‐9 by macrophages. In vivo treatment of mammary tumor‐bearing mice with chitin (β‐(1‐4)‐poly‐N‐acetyl D‐glucosamine), a TH1 adjuvant and a ligand for CHI3L1, promoted immune effector functions with increased production of IFN‐γ and decreased CCL2, CXCL2 and MMP‐9 expression. In vivo administration of chitin to mammary tumor‐bearing mice significantly decreased lung metastasis. These studies show that CHI3L1 plays a role in tumor progression and that chitin can inhibit the pleiotropic effects of CHI3L1 giving support to the idea that CHI3L1 is a useful therapeutic target for treatment of breast cancer.
Connexin43 acts as a colorectal cancer tumor suppressor and predicts disease outcome
Authors: Sirnes Solveig , Bruun Jarle , Kolberg Matthias , Kjenseth Ane , Lind Guro E. , Svindland Aud , Brech Andreas , Nesbakken Arild , Lothe Ragnhild A , Leithe Edward , Rivedal Edgar 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis article is the first to show that loss of connexin43 (Cx43) expression in colorectal tumors is correlated with significantly shorter relapse‐free and overall survival. Cx43 was further found to negatively regulate growth of colon cancer cells, in part by enhancing apoptosis. In addition, Cx43 was found to colocalize with β‐catenin and reduce Wnt signaling. The study represents the first evidence that Cx43 acts as a colorectal cancer tumor suppressor and that loss of Cx43 expression during colorectal cancer development is associated with reduced patient survival. The study has important implications for the assessment of Cx43 as a prognostic marker and target in colorectal cancer prevention and therapy. Gap junctions consist of intercellular channels that permit direct transfer of ions and small molecules between adjacent cells. The gap junction channel protein Cx43 plays important roles in cell growth control and differentiation and is frequently dysregulated in human cancers. However, the functional importance and clinical relevance of Cx43 in cancer development has remained elusive. Here, we show that Cx43 is downregulated or aberrantly localized in colon cancer cell lines and colorectal carcinomas, which is associated with loss of gap junction intercellular communication. The in situ protein expression of Cx43 was analyzed in colorectal tumors in a cohort of 674 patients and related to established clinicopathological variables and survival. A subgroup of the patients had weak or no expression of Cx43 in tumors. Loss of Cx43 expression was significantly correlated with shorter relapse‐free and overall survival. Loss of Cx43 further identified a high‐risk subgroup among stage I and stage II patients with reduced relapse‐free and overall survival. Ectopic expression of Cx43 in the colon cancer cell line HT29 was associated with reduced growth in monolayer and soft agar cultures and in tumor xenografts. Cx43 was found to colocalize with β‐catenin and negatively regulate the Wnt signaling pathway, and expression of Cx43 was associated with increased levels of apoptosis. Altogether, these data indicate that Cx43 is a colorectal cancer tumor suppressor protein that predicts clinical outcome.
Forum on aging and skeletal health: Summary of the proceedings of an ASBMR workshop
Authors: Khosla Sundeep , Bellido Teresita M , Drezner Marc K , Gordon Catherine M , Harris Tamara B , Kiel Douglas P , Kream Barbara E , LeBoff Meryl S , Lian Jane B , Peterson Charlotte A , Rosen Clifford J , Williams John P , Winer Karen K , Sherman Sherry S 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
With the aging of the population, the scope of the problem of age-related bone loss and osteoporosis will continue to increase. As such, it is critical to obtain a better understanding of the factors determining the acquisition and loss of bone mass from childhood to senescence. While there have been significant advances in recent years in our understanding of both the basic biology of aging and a clinical definition of age-related frailty, few of these concepts in aging research have been evaluated adequately for their relevance and application to skeletal aging or fracture prevention. The March 2011 Forum on Aging and Skeletal Health, sponsored by the NIH and ASBMR, sought to bring together leaders in aging and bone research to enhance communications among diverse fields of study so as to accelerate the pace of scientific advances needed to reduce the burden of osteoporotic fractures. This report summarizes the major concepts presented at that meeting and in each area identifies key questions to help set the agenda for future research in skeletal aging. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research