bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
k − ε simulations of the neutral atmospheric boundary layer: analysis and correction of discretization errors on practical grids
Authors: Sumner Jonathon , Masson Christian 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYThe Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes equations/ k −ε approach is the popular and practical choice for carrying out simulations involving the atmospheric boundary layer. However, despite its widespread use, implementation of this approach is not without its challenges—even when considering the simplest case of horizontally homogeneous conditions. Most notably, the distributions of turbulent kinetic energy and its dissipation rate have proved difficult to maintain near solid boundaries, particularly in wind engineering applications where the near‐wall grid is relatively coarse. In this work, the origin of these errors is investigated, and it is shown that by applying appropriate discretization schemes in conjunction with the Richards and Hoxey boundary conditions, truly invariant profiles of all flow properties can be obtained on such grids. Furthermore, with this finding, a wall treatment for coarse grids is proposed that could be implemented for non‐homogeneous conditions. All simulations are carried out using OpenFOAM‐1.6.x. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shape optimization for viscous flows by reduced basis methods and free‐form deformation
Authors: Manzoni Andrea , Quarteroni Alfio , Rozza Gianluigi 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, we further develop an approach previously introduced in Lassila and Rozza, 2010, for shape optimization that combines a suitable low‐dimensional parametrization of the geometry (yielding a geometrical reduction) with reduced basis methods (yielding a reduction of computational complexity). More precisely, free‐form deformation techniques are considered for the geometry description and its parametrization, whereas reduced basis methods are used upon a FE discretization to solve systems of parametrized partial differential equations. This allows an efficient flow field computation and cost functional evaluation during the iterative optimization procedure, resulting in effective computational savings with respect to usual shape optimization strategies. This approach is very general and can be applied to a broad variety of problems. In this paper, we apply it to find the optimal shape of aorto‐coronaric bypass anastomoses based on vorticity minimization in the down‐field region. Blood flows in the coronary arteries are modeled using Stokes equations; afterwards, results have been verified in feedback using Navier–Stokes equations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical study of Prandtl effect on MHD flow at a lid‐driven porous cavity
Authors: Hasanpour A. , Farhadi M. , Sedighi K. , Ashorynejad H.R. 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, the lattice Boltzmann method is used to study the Prandtl number effect on flow structure and heat transfer rates in a magnetohydrodynamic flow mixed convection in a lid‐driven cavity filled with a porous medium. The right and left walls are at constant but different temperatures (θh and θc), while the other walls are adiabatic. Gallium and salt water (0.02 < Pr < 13.4) are used as samples of the electroconducting fluids in the cavity. Typical sets of streamlines and isotherms are presented to analyze the flow patterns set up by the competition among the forced flow created by the lid‐driven wall, the buoyancy force of the fluid and the magnetic force of the applied magnetic field. Mathematical formulations in the porous media were constructed based on the Brinkman–Forchheimer model, while the multidistribution‐function model was used for the magnetic field effect. Numerical results were obtained and the effects of the Prandtl number and the other effective parameters such as Richardson, Hartman, and Darcy numbers were investigated. It was found that the fluid fluctuations within the cavity were reduced by increasing the Hartman number. A similar pattern was observed for the Darcy number reduction. Heat transfer was essentially dominated by the conduction for the low Prandtl number and forced convection dominated as the Prandtl number increased. Also, the average Nusselt number was raised by increasing the Prandtl number. It was discovered that a remarkable heat transfer enhancement of up to 28% could be reached by increasing the Prandtl number (from 0.02 to 13.4) at constant Richardson and Darcy numbers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevention of radiation‐induced xerostomia by submandibular gland transfer
Authors: Zhang Ye , Guo Chuan‐Bin , Zhang Lei , Wang Yang , Peng Xin , Mao Chi , Yu Guang‐Yan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundThis study was carried out for the purpose of evaluating the efficacy of submandibular gland transfer to prevent radiation‐induced xerostomia.MethodsThirty‐eight patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma were recruited. Twenty‐six submandibular glands were transferred into the submental space to elude radiotherapy in 24 patients (transfer group); the submandibular gland was not disturbed in the control group (n = 14). The salivary flow rate, xerostomia, and quality of life (QOL) were assessed preoperatively, postoperatively, and after radiotherapy. The swallowing function was then evaluated after radiotherapy.ResultsAll the transferred glands survived and functioned after radiotherapy. The submandibular salivary flow rate recovered by 6 months after radiotherapy in the transfer group, whereas the flow rate declined drastically after radiotherapy and remained at a low level in the longer term in the control group. Two years after radiotherapy, 92.3% of patients in the transfer group had no or minimal xerostomia. QOL in the transfer group was better than that in the control group from 3 months after radiotherapy. Histologically, the majority of the transferred glands had normal glandular acini and ducts. There was no significant difference in dysphagia between the groups.ConclusionsThe submandibular gland can be successfully transferred to the submental space, thus preserving salivary function and preventing radiation‐induced xerostomia. The transfer of the submandibular gland can improve the QOL by alleviating xerostomia, although it did not relieve dysphagia in this study. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Indications for pedicled pectoralis major flap in a free tissue transfer practice
Authors: Schneider Daniel S. , Wu Vivian , Wax Mark K. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe pedicled pectoralis major myocutaneous flap (PMMF) was highly used over the last 3 decades. The current era of free tissue transfer has gradually relegated the PMMF to a secondary role.MethodsIn a retrospective review of all patients undergoing pedicled PMMF from 2002 to now, we sought to determine the current role and assess the outcomes of the PMMF in a primary microvascular head and neck reconstructive center.ResultsFifty‐five PMMFs were performed in 53 patients (24 myocutaneous and 31 myofascial); group 1 consisted of 20 patients (38%) who underwent a secondary PMMF after a free flap complication (flap failure 9/20, fistula 5/20, wound breakdown with great vessel exposure 3/20, loss of soft tissue skin paddle 2/20, and delayed hematoma in 1/20); group 2 included 18 patients (33%) who had a simultaneous free flap with a PMMF for dead space filler or cervical skin/great vessel coverage reconstruction, whereas the remaining 15 patients (29%) in group 3 underwent primary PMMF for reconstruction of cervical skin defect, great vessel coverage, pharyngocutaneous fistula, infection, and dead space filler. Complications of PMMF included 3 hematomas, 2 partial dehiscences, 1 chest wall abscess, and 1 case of mastitis. Because of cervical tethering, 14 of 53 patients underwent secondary pectoralis myectomy with cervical contracture release at a mean of 10.3 months after initial surgery.ConclusionThe pedicled PMMF continues to serve an important role in head and neck reconstruction in the microvascular era with notable uses for free flap rescue, with simultaneous free flap reconstruction and for primary reconstruction in select circumstances with an overall acceptable short‐ and long‐term morbidity profile. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Novel germline CDKN2A mutation associated with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas and melanomas
Authors: Cabanillas Rubén , Astudillo Aurora , Valle Miguel , de la Rosa Jorge , Álvarez Rebeca , Durán Noelia S. , Cadiñanos Juan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe ability to identify individuals at increased risk of cancer is of immediate clinical relevance. Germline mutations in the CDKN2A locus, encoding the key tumor suppressor proteins p16/INK4A and p14/ARF, are frequently present in kindreds with hereditary cutaneous melanoma but have seldom been reported in families with genetic susceptibility to head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC).MethodsWe report the pedigree of a patient with an unusually high incidence of HNSCC and melanomas. CDKN2A mutation analysis was performed with standard capillary sequencing and multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification.ResultsA previously unreported germline CDKN2A mutation affecting only the p16/INK4A open reading frame, c.106delG (p.Ala36ArgfsX17), was detected in the proband. This mutation causes a premature termination codon.ConclusionsOur report emphasizes the need to consider germinal CDKN2A mutations in the differential diagnosis of familial HNSCC and the importance of awareness of these tumors in carriers of CDKN2A mutations. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Longitudinal analysis of voice quality in patients with early glottic cancer after transoral laser microsurgery
Authors: Chu Pen‐Yuan , Hsu Yen‐Bin , Lee Tsung‐Lun , Fu Sherry , Wang Li‐Mei , Kao Ya‐Chung 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundWe conducted longitudinal voice evaluations in patients with early glottic cancer who underwent transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) to determine the time to stability.MethodsTwenty‐five patients underwent TLM, including 13 limited cordectomies (type I and type II) and 12 extended cordectomies (type III to type IV). Multidimensional voice evaluations were performed before treatment and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment.ResultsVoice parameters of asthenicity, strain, mean airflow rate (MFR), voice handicap index (VHI)–functional, VHI–physical, and VHI–total scores improved in all patients. Most patients had improved 6 months after TLM. Patients with extended cordectomy showed higher breathiness, MFR, VHI–functional, and VHI–total scores. Healing was complete in all cases by 6 months and in a majority of cases (76%) by 3 months.ConclusionsVoice quality achieved stability 6 months after TLM. Comparing treatment outcomes and surgical intervention are not recommended within 6 months of surgery. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Surgical management of T1 oropharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Karatzanis Alexander D. , Psychogios Georgios , Waldfahrer Frank , Zenk Johannes , Velegrakis George A. , Iro Heinrich 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of primary transoral surgery in the management of T1 oropharyngeal carcinoma.MethodsA retrospective evaluation was conducted on the files of all patients treated with primary surgery for pT1 oropharyngeal carcinoma at a tertiary referral center between 1976 and 2005.ResultsA total of 223 cases were assessed. Disease‐specific survival was 88% and local control 93%. Transoral surgery with the use of CO2 laser or electrocautery was adopted in every case. Positive surgical margins and regional disease were found to significantly worsen prognosis. A low rate of complications and satisfactory retention of pharyngeal function were noted.ConclusionsPrimary transoral surgical treatment is very effective against T1 oropharyngeal carcinoma. A low rate of complications should be expected. However, in every case complete excision of the tumor must be accomplished and the neck included in the primary treatment plan. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Comprehensive approach to restoration of function in patients with radiation‐induced pharyngoesophageal stenosis: Report of 31 patients and proposal of new classification scheme
Authors: Urken Mark L. , Jacobson Adam S. , Lazarus Cathy L. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe treatment for upper aerodigestive tract malignancy with external beam radiation therapy and chemotherapy can result in a “cure,” yet result in pharyngoesophageal (PE) stenosis. To improve communication, compare therapeutic results, and assist in treatment planning, we developed a new classification system to describe PE stenoses. Additionally, we analyzed our 6‐year experience.MethodsThe new classification system was defined and used to assess patient management.ResultsThirty‐one patients underwent treatment for PE stenoses using: 4 rendezvous dilations, 3 regional, and 24 free tissue transfers. Overall success was based on airway status, speech, and swallowing outcomes.ConclusionClassification of posttreatment stenoses has been applied to this patient group. It is effective in defining the problem and considerations related to treatment planning and surgical access when augmentation pharyngoplasty is required. Patients with an intact larynx have many issues that make recovery of function less consistent, despite segment restoration. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Rosai–dorfman disease: Presentation, diagnosis, and treatment
Authors: Lai Kwong Lun , Abdullah Victor , Ng Kwan Shun , Fung Ngai Sheung , van Hasselt C. Andrew 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundSinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy or Rosai–Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare benign disease with nodal and extranodal involvement.Methods and ResultsHerein, we report 3 cases in which the patients presented with nasal masses. In addition, 2 of the 3 patients had subglottic lesions. Only 2 of the 3 patients had cervical lymphadenopathy, which is the commonest presentation of RDD. Histopathology via fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) or open biopsy is required for diagnosis. Emperipolesis with S‐100 immunohistochemical staining is characteristic. The disease runs a benign course and the literature reports that treatment can vary from steroids, to cytotoxic chemotherapy to radiotherapy with variable outcomes. Surgical intervention may be necessary for airway protection.ConclusionRDD is self‐limiting, but can sometimes be a life‐threatening condition. Treatment should be tailored to the individual patient. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Murine model of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on squamous cell carcinoma: Potential implications for dysphagia therapy
Authors: Linkov Gary , Branski Ryan C. , Amin Milan , Chernichenko Natalya , Chen Chun‐Hao , Alon Gad , Langmore Susan , Wong Richard J. , Kraus Dennis H. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundDysphagia is a potential consequence of treatment for head and neck cancer. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has evolved as a treatment option, with the goal of improved swallow function in patients with chronic dysphagia. However, the effects of NMES on tumorigenicity are unknown and often confound the initiation of this therapy, potentially limiting its efficacy in treating patients with head and neck cancer.MethodsSquamous cell carcinoma was grown in the flank of athymic, nude mice. Mice were randomized into treatment and control groups; the experimental group received daily NMES directly to the flank for 8 days.ResultsTumor volumes, recorded on days 0, 3, 7, and 10, demonstrated no significant differences between groups on each day of measurement. Immunohistochemical analysis of apoptosis, proliferation, and vascularization also failed to demonstrate statistically significant differences between treated and untreated groups.ConclusionsNMES does not promote the growth of underlying tumor in our model. These data may provide preliminary evidence that applying electrical stimulation over the muscles of the anterior neck does not increase the risk of tumorigenicity. Early initiation of NMES in this challenging population may be feasible from an oncologic standpoint. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Successful treatment of anaplastic meningioma metastatic to cervical lymph nodes
Authors: Moubayed Sami P. , Guertin Louis , Lambert Carole , Desrochers Pascal , Nehmé Jade , Coulombe Geneviève 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundCervical lymph node metastases of meningioma represent an important diagnostic and treatment challenge. Not only has this entity been rarely described, but successful treatment has never been reported in the literature.Methods and ResultsThis case report was conducted using reviews of the literature. A 58‐year‐old man with a history of resected anaplastic meningioma was referred for a right neck mass. Excisional biopsy revealed metastatic meningioma, and a metastatic workup was negative. Modified radical neck dissection showed positivity in 5 lymph nodes. The patient received adjuvant intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), for a mean target dose of 60 Gray (Gy). Two years after treatment, the patient was disease free. Eleven cases of cervical lymph node metastasis of meningioma were identified in our literature search, and none described successful treatment of this entity.ConclusionCervical lymph node metastasis of anaplastic meningioma is potentially treatable with surgical resection and IMRT, although further studies with long‐term follow‐up are necessary. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Metastases to the oral region from pleural mesothelioma: Clinicopathologic review
Authors: Sinon Suraya H. , Rich Alison M. , Hussaini Haizal M. , Yoon Han‐Seung , Firth Norman A. , Seymour Gregory J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundMalignant mesothelioma is a rare neoplasm that usually develops after exposure to asbestos and particularly involves the pleural cavity. It has a poor prognosis with aggressive local invasion and metastatic spread.MethodsThe literature relating to malignant mesothelioma metastatic to the oral region was reviewed.ResultsIn all, 14 cases of malignant mesothelioma metastatic to the oral cavity were found. All were from pleural mesotheliomas, the tongue was the most common site of metastasis (8/14), and most metastases (9/13) were of the epithelioid type. The newly reported case is only the second report of a mesothelioma metastasizing to the buccal mucosa. It showed strong immunopositivity for keratin markers, vimentin, calretinin, and Wilms tumor product‐1.ConclusionsThe incidence of mesothelioma is predicted to continue to increase for at least another decade. Clinicians and pathologists should be aware of this lesion and its propensity to metastasize to the oral cavity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Label‐free identification and characterization of human pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes using second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy
Authors: Awasthi Samir , Matthews Dennis L. , Li Ronald A. , Chiamvimonvat Nipavan , Lieu Deborah K. , Chan James W. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (PSC‐CMs) are a potentially unlimited source of cardiomyocytes (CMs) for cardiac transplantation therapies. The establishment of pure PSC‐CM populations is important for this application, but is hampered by a lack of CM‐specific surface markers suitable for their identification and sorting. Contemporary purification techniques are either non‐specific or require genetic modification. We report a second harmonic generation (SHG) signal detectable in PSC‐CMs that is attributable to sarcomeric myosin, dependent on PSC‐CM maturity, and retained while PSC‐CMs are in suspension. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of developing a SHG‐activated flow cytometer for the non‐invasive purification of PSC‐CMs. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The influence of movement on the localization precision of sub‐resolution particles in fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Deschout Hendrik , Neyts Kristiaan , Braeckmans Kevin 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObtaining sub‐resolution particle positions in fluorescence microscopy images is essential for single particle tracking and high‐resolution localization microscopy. While the localization precision of stationary single molecules or particles is well understood, the influence of particle motion during image acquisition has been largely neglected. Here, we address this issue and provide a theoretical description on how particle motion influences the centroid localization precision, both in case of 2‐D and 3‐D diffusion. In addition, a novel method is proposed, based on dual‐channel imaging, for the experimental determination of the localization precision of moving particles. For typical single particle tracking experiments, we show that the localization precision is approximately two‐fold worse than expected from the stationary theory. Strikingly, we find that the most popular localization method, based on the fitting of a Gaussian distribution, breaks down for lateral diffusion. Instead, the centroid localization method is found to perform well under all conditions. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optimal apheresis treatment volume for the efficacy and safety of leukocytapheresis with cellsorba in patients with active ulcerative colitis
Authors: Fukunaga Ken , Kamikozuru Koji , Yokoyama Yoko , Hida Nobuyuki , Ohda Yoshio , Takeda Naohisa , Yoshida Koji , Iimuro Masaki , Kikuyama Risa , Kato Kyoichi , Nagase Kazuko , Nakamura Shiro , Miwa Hiroto , Matsumoto Takayuki 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground: Leukocytapheresis (LCAP) is used as an adjunct therapy for patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC). Although, LCAP is routinely performed at 3,000 mL per session, we were interested to see that if this can be replaced with bodyweight (BW) adjusted volume. Methods: In an open label prospective trial, the clinical response to BW adjusted LCAP (BWA‐LCAP) was evaluated in 14 patients with active UC. Fourteen demography matched UC patients who had been treated with the routine 3,000 mL LCAP were randomly sampled from our database as a control group. All patients were given 10 weekly LCAP sessions. In the BWA‐LCAP group, the processed blood volume (PBV) was set at 30 mL/kg × BW/session. Baseline demographic measures were not significantly different between the two groups. Results: The average PBV in the BWA‐LCAP group was 1971.0 ± 330.0 mL, range 1,020–2,460. In both groups, the average UC clinical disease activity index, the endoscopic index, and the concomitant prednisolone dosage were significantly and equally reduced during the course of 10 LCAP. Accordingly, at the end of the trial, no significant difference was seen in any outcome measure between the two groups. However, a significantly higher incidence of adverse event (AE) was observed in the routine 3,000 mL LCAP group as compared with the BWA‐LCAP group (P < 0.01). Conclusions: The outcomes of this investigation showed that the therapeutic efficacy of LCAP based on 30 mL/kg × BW is similar to the routine 3,000 mL per session LCAP. However, BWA‐LCAP should be favored if one is to see the full potential of LCAP without AE. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.