bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initiated CVD of Poly(2‐Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate) Hydrogels: Synthesis, Characterization and In‐vitro Biocompatibility
Authors: Bose Ranjita K. , Lau Kenneth K. S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractInitiated (i)CVD, an all‐dry, one‐step surface polymerization technique, was used to synthesize thin film hydrogels of poly (2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies showed stoichiometric PHEMA films obtained by iCVD. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed a high glass transition temperature, indicative of high molecular mass polymer. In‐vitro cell studies using adult human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) demonstrated the nontoxic nature and good cell adhesion properties of iCVD PHEMA films.
Neuroimaging in pediatric traumatic brain injury: Current and future predictors of functional outcome
Authors: Suskauer Stacy J. , Huisman Thierry A.G.M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAlthough neuroimaging has long played a role in the acute management of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI), until recently, its use as a tool for understanding and predicting long‐term brain‐behavior relationships after TBI has been limited by the relatively poor sensitivity of routine clinical imaging for detecting diffuse axonal injury (DAI). Newer magnetic resonance‐based imaging techniques demonstrate improved sensitivity to DAI. Early research suggests that these techniques hold promise for identifying imaging predictors and correlates of chronic function, both globally and within specific neuropsychological domains. In this review, we describe the principles of new, advanced imaging techniques including diffusion weighted and diffusion tensor imaging, susceptibility weighted imaging, and 1H‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In addition, we summarize current research demonstrating their early success in establishing relationships between imaging measures and functional outcomes after TBI. With the ongoing research, these imaging techniques may allow earlier identification of possible chronic sequelae of tissue injury for each child with TBI, thereby facilitating efficacy and efficiency in delivering successful rehabilitation services. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2009;15:117–123.
Changes in hyporesponsiveness to acute amphetamine and age differences in tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the brain over adolescence in male and female rats
Authors: Mathews Iva Z. , Waters Patti , McCormick Cheryl M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe investigated hyposensitivity after amphetamine in early (postnatal Day 30; P30) and late (P45) adolescent rats compared to adults (P70) in experiment 1. Locomotor activity was measured for 1 hr after the first (acute) and second (24 hr later) injection of amphetamine (0.5 or 1.5 mg/kg). P30 and P45 rats were transiently hypoactive compared to adults, as indicated by reduced locomotor activity after acute amphetamine and enhanced activity after the second injection in adolescents only. In experiment 2, ovariectomy did not alter locomotor activity during habituation at any age compared to intact rats, and, as for intact adolescents, ovariectomized adolescents continued to be less active after amphetamine than adults, suggesting gonadal immaturity alone cannot account for age differences in experiment 1. However, ovariectomy attenuated the increase in activity after the second treatment. In experiment 3 involving untreated rats, tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity was reduced in P30, P40, and P50 compared to P90 rats in the nucleus accumbens core and the medial prefrontal cortex. Thus, adolescents may have an increased threshold of behavioral activation that can be overcome with either a higher dose or with repeated amphetamine treatment, and may be related to changes in the dopamine system over development. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 51: 417–428, 2009.
Linking upstream channel instability to downstream degradation: Grenada Lake and the Skuna and Yalobusha River Basins, Mississippi
Authors: Bennett Sean J. , Rhoton Fred E. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractUnstable fluvial systems are characterized by actively migrating knickpoints, incising channel beds, failing banks, and recruitment of large woody debris and it would appear that river corridors downstream of these processes would be adversely affected or impaired because of higher fluxes of sediment and other riverine products. In north‐central Mississippi, the Yalobusha River is one such system and the characteristics of two downstream locations are examined to explore this geomorphic linkage between upstream instability and downstream degradation. For the large woody debris plug along the Yalobusha River, it is found that (1) the deposit is composed mostly of sand covered with a veneer of silt and clay, (2) agrichemicals and enriched concentrations of elements are prevalent, and (3) excessive sedimentation and wood accumulation have forced river flow entirely out‐of‐bank. For Grenada Lake, it is found that (1) the impounded sediment is predominantly clay, (2) agrichemicals and elements observed throughout the reservoir show no spatial variation, (3) little difference exists in the amount and quality between the sediments deposited in Skuna and Yalobusha River arms, and (4) only a small fraction of the reservoir's storage capacity has been lost because of sedimentation. While excessive sedimentation and large woody debris recruitment have had a marked affect on stream corridor function in the area of the debris plug, the high sediment loads associated with the unstable portions of the Yalobusha River and their associated products have not been communicated to Grenada Lake. The fish consumption advisories within Grenada Lake and its tributaries due to bioaccumulated trace elements and agrichemicals, appear to be independent of the pervasive river channel instability occurring upstream. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling variable source area dynamics in a CEAP watershed
Authors: Dahlke Helen E. , Easton Zachary M. , Fuka Daniel R. , Lyon Steve W. , Steenhuis Tammo S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn the Northeast US, saturation excess is the most dominant runoff process and locations of runoff source areas, typically called variable source areas (VSAs), are determined by the available soil water storage and the landscape topographic position. To predict runoff generated from VSAs some water quality models use the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number equation (SCS‐CN), which assumes a constant initial abstraction of rainfall is retained by the watershed prior to the beginning of runoff. We apply a VSA interpretation of the SCS‐CN runoff equation that allows the initial abstraction to vary with antecedent moisture conditions. We couple this modified SCS‐CN approach with a semi‐distributed water balance model to predict runoff, and distribute predictions using a soil topographic index for the Town Brook watershed in the Catskill Mountains of New York State. The accuracy of predicted VSA extents using both the original and the modified SCS‐CN equation were evaluated for 14 rainfall‐runoff events through a comparison with average water table depths measured at 33 locations in Town Brook from March–September 2004. The modified SCS‐CN equation captured VSA dynamics more accurately than the original equation. However, during events with high antecedent rainfall VSA dynamics were still under‐predicted suggesting that VSA runoff is not captured solely by knowledge of the soil water deficit. Considering the importance of correctly predicting runoff generation and pollutant source areas in the landscape, the results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of integrating VSA hydrology into water quality models to reduce non‐point source pollution. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mre11 inhibition by oncolytic adenovirus associates with autophagy and underlies synergy with ionizing radiation
Authors: Rajecki Maria , Hällström Taija af , Hakkarainen Tanja , Nokisalmi Petri , Hautaniemi Sampsa , Nieminen Anni I. , Tenhunen Mikko , Rantanen Ville , Desmond Reneé A. , Chen Dung‐Tsa , Guse Kilian , Stenman Ulf‐Håkan , Gargini Ricardo , Kapanen Mika , Klefström Juha , Kanerva Anna , Pesonen Sari , Ahtiainen Laura , Hemminki Akseli 
Published: June 2009

AbstractNew treatment approaches are needed for hormone refractory prostate cancer. Oncolytic adenoviruses are promising anti‐cancer agents, and their efficacy can be improved by combining with conventional therapies such as ionizing radiation. The aim of this study was to determine the timing of oncolytic adenovirus treatment with regard to radiation and study the mechanisms of synergy in combination treatment. Prostate cancer cells were infected with oncolytic adenoviruses, irradiated and synergy mechanisms were assessed. In vivo models of combination treatment were tested. Radiation and oncolytic viruses were synergistic when viral infection was scheduled 24 hr after irradiation. Combination of oncolytic adenovirus with radiotherapy significantly increased antitumor efficacy in vivo compared to either agent alone. Microarray analysis showed dysregulated pathways including cell cycle, mTOR and antigen processing pathways. Functional analysis showed that adenoviral infection was accompanied with degradation of proteins involved in DNA break repair. Mre11 was degraded for subsequent inactivation of Chk2‐Thr68 in combination treated cells, while γH2AX‐Ser139 was elevated implicating the persistence of DNA double strand breaks. Increased autophagocytosis was seen in combination treated cells. Combination treatment did not increase apoptosis or virus replication. The results provide evidence of the antitumor efficacy of combining oncolytic adenoviruses with irradiation as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of prostate cancer. Further, these findings propose a molecular mechanism that may be important in radiation induced cell death, autophagy and viral cytopathic effect. © 2009 UICC
Reclamation problems for the area of a former borehole sulphur mine with particular reference to soil air properties
Authors: Bryk M. , Kołodziej B. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn order to select appropriate methods of reclamation of anthropogenic soil in the area of the former ‘Jeziórko’ borehole mine, the air capacity and air permeability of the soil were measured. A field covering an area of 6·25 ha in which the former mining boreholes were only eliminated and no other reclamation treatments carried out was chosen for the study. The control stand was located in phytocoenosis Querco‐Fagetea situated in the vicinity of the sulphur mine, but outside the area of direct mining activities on Haplic Gleysol. Samples were collected from 0–10, 10–20 and 20–30 cm layers in 25 equally distributed locations of anthropogenic soil and 1 of natural soil. The soil water‐air properties at the soil water potential of −9·81 kPa and at the potential at the time of soil collection (the so‐called actual state) were determined. Spatial relations in the capacity and air permeability observation series were assessed for post‐industrial soil by geostatistical methods. Kriging with a linear variogram was used. Geostatistical analysis made mapping of the air properties of heterogenic soil cover in the study area possible. Non‐reclaimed soils of the experimental field were characterized by faulty aeration resulting from a relatively low air capacity and, additionally, insufficient air permeability. The important objective of reclamation should be the homogenisation of the reconstructed soil in order to achieve equally good soil structure and air conditions favourable for vegetation within the whole investigated area. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of two Roman coins from an archaeological site in Portugal
Authors: Mata A. L. , Salta M. M. L. , Neto M. M. M. , Mendonça M. H. , Fonseca I. T. E. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper reports a study carried out on two Roman coins found in the archaeological site of São Pedro, in Fronteira (Alentejo, Portugal). One coin was in a quite well preserved state, allowing its reading and historical identification, while the other was quite deteriorated and its reading difficult. The coins have been identified as: an Antoninianus of Galilenus (267–268 A.D.) and an AE 3 (337–340 A.D.) in which is impossible to identify the emperor. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) has given the following average composition: 42%C + 30%O + 12%Cu + 1%Ag + 2%Sn + 4%Pb + 6%Si and 17%C + 31%O + 5%Cu + 7%Pb + 27%Fe + 5%Si, for the outer layers of the Antoninianus and of the AE 3, respectively. The exact substrate composition of the AE 3 could be determined: 84%Cu + 10%Pb + 2%Ag + 2%Sn + 2%Fe. The chemical composition found for the AE 3 is consistent with historical investigations, since silver‐plated Cu–Pb–Sn alloys was the material used in the production of the AE 3. X‐ray powder diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) has identified as possible crystalline compounds: a mixture of two silicates, namely the lead aluminium silicate, Pb4Al4Si3O16, and the lead copper silicate, Pb8Cu(Si2O7)3, pyromorphite, Pb5(PO4)3Cl, on the Antoninianus and only oxides, namely Cu2O, and iron oxides, Fe2O3 and/Fe3O4, on the AE 3 outer layer. The chemical composition of the corrosion products is related with the soil composition, a sandy neutral soil, rich in P, Mn, Si, K, Fe and organic matter (9%). The hydrogeological context plays also its role on the formation of the corrosion products.
On the complex oscillation theory of f ″ + A (z)f = 0 where A (z) is analytic in the unit disc
Authors: Cao Ting‐Bin , Yi Hong‐Xun 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the complex oscillation theory of the second order linear differential equationf ″ + A (z)f = 0, where the coefficient A (z) is an analytic function in the unit disc Δ = {z: |z | < 1} (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Phase contrast ultrashort TE: A more reliable technique for measurement of high‐velocity turbulent stenotic jets
Authors: O'Brien Kieran R. , Myerson Saul G. , Cowan Brett R. , Young Alistair A. , Robson Matthew D. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAccurate measurement of peak velocity is critical to the assessment of patients with stenotic valvular disease. Conventional phase contrast (PC) methods for imaging high‐velocity jets in aortic stenosis are susceptible to intravoxel dephasing signal loss, which can result in unreliable measurements. The most effective method for reducing intravoxel dephasing is to shorten the echo time (TE); however, the amount that TE can be shortened in conventional sequences is limited. A new sequence incorporating velocity‐dependent slice excitation and ultrashort TE (UTE) centric radial readout trajectories is proposed that reduces TE from 2.85 to 0.65 ms. In a high‐velocity stenotic jet phantom, a conventional sequence had >5% flow error at a flow rate of only 400 mL/s (velocity >358 cm/s), whereas the PC‐UTE showed excellent agreement (<5% error) at much higher flow rates (1080 mL/s, 965 cm/s). In vivo feasibility studies demonstrated that by measuring velocity over a shorter time the PC‐UTE approach is more robust to intravoxel dephasing signal loss. It also has less inherent higher‐order motion encoding. This sequence therefore demonstrates potential as a more robust method for measuring peak velocity and flow in high‐velocity turbulent stenotic jets. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The epigenetic regulators Bmi1 and Ring1B are differentially regulated in pancreatitis and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Martínez‐Romero Carles , Rooman Ilse , Skoudy Anouchka , Guerra Carmen , Molero Xavier , González Ana , Iglesias Mar , Lobato Tania , Bosch Almudena , Barbacid Mariano , Real Francisco X , Hernández‐Muñoz Inmaculada 
Published: June 2009

AbstractChronic pancreatitis and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are associated with major changes in cell differentiation. These changes may be at the basis of the increased risk for PDAC among patients with chronic pancreatitis. Polycomb proteins are epigenetic silencers expressed in adult stem cells; up‐regulation of Polycomb proteins has been reported to occur in a variety of solid tumours such as colon and breast cancer. We hypothesized that Polycomb might play a role in preneoplastic states in the pancreas and in tumour development/progression. To test these ideas, we determined the expression of PRC1 complex proteins (Bmi1 and Ring1b) during pancreatic development and in pancreatic tissue from mouse models of disease: acute and chronic pancreatic injury, duct ligation, and in K‐RasG12V conditional knock‐in and caerulein‐treated K‐RasG12V mice. The study was extended to human pancreatic tissue samples. To obtain mechanistic insights, Bmi1 expression in cells undergoing in vitro exocrine cell metaplasia and the effects of Bmi1 depletion in an acinar cancer cell line were studied. We found that Bmi1 and Ring1B are expressed in pancreatic exocrine precursor cells during early development and in ductal and islet cells—but not acinar cells—in the adult pancreas. Bmi1 expression was induced in acinar cells during acute injury, in acinar–ductal metaplastic lesions, as well as in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and PDAC. In contrast, Ring1B expression was only significantly and persistently up‐regulated in high‐grade PanINs and in PDAC. Bmi1 knockdown in cultured acinar tumour cells led to changes in the expression of various digestive enzymes. Our results suggest that Bmi1 and Ring1B are modulated in pancreatic diseases and could contribute differently to tumour development. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attitudes of physicians and parents towards discussing infertility risks and semen cryopreservation with male adolescents diagnosed with cancer
Authors: de Vries Martine C. , Bresters Dorine , Engberts Dirk P. , Wit Jan M. , van Leeuwen Evert 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackgroundIn paediatric oncology, the risk of infertility due to treatment constitutes an important problem. For sexually mature male adolescents, sperm cryopreservation is an option, but discussing the topic is complex because of the sensitive nature and the limited time frame. In this article, we determined attitudes and preferred roles of physicians and parents towards discussing sperm banking with male adolescents.MethodsQualitative multi‐centre study, using in‐depth semi‐structured interviews with 14 physicians and 15 parents of male adolescents undergoing cancer treatment.ResultsAlthough physicians and parents agreed that infertility would have a major impact on the future quality of life, they sometimes disagreed on whether the topic should be discussed with adolescents. Physicians always wanted a separate discussion with adolescents because of the sensitive nature and the experience that parents sometimes misjudged the stage of maturity of their son. Parents, however, wanted control over whether physicians discussed the topic with their child and what was said. Physicians did not accept this control and, when necessary, were willing to bypass the parents and discuss the topic with the adolescent even when parents refused consent.ConclusionsPhysicians face the difficult task of balancing between their ideas of what is in the (future) interest of the adolescent and accommodating parental wishes. We argue that, because of the private character of sexuality and the potentially inadequate maturity assessment by parents, semen cryopreservation should be discussed separately with adolescent and parents. In addition, there should be an open communication with parents to address potential discomforts. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:386–391. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Physical activity reduces prostate carcinogenesis in a transgenic model
Authors: Esser Karyn A. , Harpole Clifford E. , Prins Gail S. , Diamond Alan M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDSeveral epidemiological studies have reported an inverse association between physical activity and the risk of prostate cancer. To date, there are few animal studies looking at physical activity and cancer incidence, although the results are consistent with the epidemiological evidence. In general, as exercise intensity increased in the rats/mice, the likelihood that physical activity inhibited carcinogenesis increased.METHODSThe present study used voluntary wheel running with C3(1)Tag mice that are predisposed to prostate cancer due to the directed expression of SV40 oncogenes. After 10 weeks, the prostates were collected from run and non‐run mice and histopathology performed for the presence or absence of low grade or high grade PINS.RESULTSWe found that for those mice that ran >5Km/group, 83% of the dorsolateral prostates were classified as within normal levels vs. 43% for the <5 km/day group (p = 0.16). In addition, there was a relationship between average distance run and pathologic progression to high‐grade PIN and local invasion, considered to be an early event in the formation of prostate adenocarcinoma. Forty three percent of dorsalateral prostates from mice that ran less than 5 km/day were classified with advanced pathology as compared to none (0) in mice that ran more than 5.0 km/day (p = 0.05).CONCLUSIONSThe results presented herein indicate that prostatic cancer progression is likely delayed or diminished by wheel running activity in a dose dependent manner in transgenic mice. These findings provide further evidence that exercise acts to decrease the progression of prostate cancer and they establish a transgenic animal model for future studies to define mechanism(s). Prostate 69: 1372–1377, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Concentration–elastic instabilities in a solid half‐space
Authors: Mirzade F. Kh. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe generation of periodic structures due to concentration–elastic instability that appears in an ensemble of laser‐induced atomic point defects on the surface of a solid is studied. The dynamical model developed here is based on coupled evolution equations for the elastic and atomic defect density fields. The idea of an instability model is related to a reduction in the activation (formation and migration) energy of atomic defects under the influence of elastic fields. It is shown that the development of this instability creates various ordered surface structures of coupled strain and defect‐concentration fields (one‐ and two‐dimensional lattices, concentric rings, radial and radial‐ray structures). Dispersion relationships are derived for the growth increment of these structures and their characteristic scales (grating period, number of rays in a structure) are obtained. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)