bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress Anisotropy, Long-Term Reservoir Flow Regimes and Production Performance in Tight Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Bahrami Hassan , Rezaee M. Reza , Asadi M. Sadegh 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Tight gas reservoirs normally have production problems due to very low matrix permeability and different damage mechanisms during drilling, completion and stimulation. Tight reservoirs need advanced drilling and completion techniques to efficiently connect wellbore to the formation open natural fractures and produce gas at commercial rates.
Stress regimes have significant influence on tight gas reservoirs production performance. The stress regimes cause wellbore instability issues while drilling, which can result in large wellbore breakouts. The stress regimes can also control the well long-term production performance, since they affect permeability anisotropy. The preferred horizontal flow direction is expected to be parallel to the maximum in situ horizontal stress. The production and welltest data in non-fractured as well as hydraulically fractured wells in tight reservoirs have indicated the presence of a long-term linear flow regime due to the well and reservoir geometry and also as a result of the permeability anisotropy.
The stress anisotropy leads to different permeabilities in different directions, and the natural fractures that are aligned with maximum horizontal stress; they might have larger aperture and greater permeability. Due to the more severe stress anisotropy in tight formations, permeability in maximum stress direction might significantly be larger than permeability in the direction of minimum stress.
This study represents evaluation of parameters that might control well productivity and long-term well production performance in tight gas reservoirs. Geomechanical modeling is performed in order to understand the effect of stress anisotropy on aperture evolution of natural fractures in different directions. Furthermore, single well reservoir simulation study is performed in order to generate pressure build-up data for a typical tight gas reservoir, in order to evaluate effect of reservoir geometry and permeability anisotropy on late time linear flow regime, and also assess the well production performance for different well and reservoir conditions.
Boundary element modelling of wave diffraction by interaction with wave-offshore structure and dredged region
Authors: Kim S. , Lee H. 
Published: November 2010

Boundary element modelling of wave diffraction by interaction with wave-offshore structure and dredged region
The purpose of this study is to estimate the wave height at the front face of breakwater (Refracted breakwater and Straight breakwater), when dredging like the submarine pit is performed in the distant offshore from outer breakwater. The wave field of the problem is considered to be two dimensional planes and the configuration of the pit region is designated by a single horizontal long-rectangular system. The numerical approach uses the Green function based on the boundary integral approach. The results of the present numerical works are illustrated by applying the normal and inclined incidence. It is shown that in the case of normal incidence, the ratio of wave height reduction at the front face of both types of breakwaters is approximately more than 20% due to the effect of the submarine pit on the sea bed. Furthermore, regardless of the type of breakwater and the difference in incident wave angles, the ratio of wave height was shown to be reduced.
Differentiation of arable field weed communities in the northern part of the Silesian Upland (S Poland)
Authors: Węgrzynek Beata 
Published: November 2010

Differentiation of arable field weed communities in the northern part of the Silesian Upland (S Poland)The purpose of this paper is to present the role of the selected species (i.e. associations character species, endangered as well as the most expansive weeds) in arable field communities in the area of the Tarnowskie Góry Ridge and the Chełm, two mesoregions of the Silesian Upland (southern Poland). On the basis of 750 phytosociological relevés taken using the method of Braun-Blanquet (Braun-Blanquet 1964) between 1995 and 2009, eight weed associations as well as numerous rump communities were distinguished. Phytocoenoses without a significant contribution of the association character species comprised about 68% of the patches analysed in the cereal crop and about 12% of the communities established in the root plant crop. Very often the character species of cereal weed associations occurred sporadically or in small numbers. Some expansive weeds (e.g.Apera spica-venti(L.) P. Beauv.,Avena fatuaL.,A. xvilisWallr.,Chenopodium albumL.,Echinochloa crus-galli(L.) P. Beauv.,Elymus repensL.,Galinsoga ciliata(Raf.) S. F. Blake,G. parvifloraCav.) played an important role in the communities analysed. The vanishing of some weed species and the spread of others has resulted in the transformation of the composition and structure of the segetal communities, a vast majority of rare and endangered weed species in the studied area are considered to be very sensitive to modern agriculture methods, e.g. chemicalization, introduction of new crop cultivars, effective cleaning of seed materials, drainage etc. (Siciński 1998; Warcholińska 1998).
Medicinal plants in segetal communities of the Kałuszyńska Upland
Authors: Skrajna Teresa 
Published: November 2010

Medicinal plants in segetal communities of the Kałuszyńska Upland
The herbal flora of agrocenoses of the Kałuszyńska Upland includes 137 vascular plant species. Apophytes (91species-66,4%) prevail over anthropophytes (46 species-33,6 %). Meadow (32 species), waterside (20 species) and forest apophytes (17 species) were the most numerous. Short-lived plants (71 species) prevail over perennials (66 species) in the analysed flora. Therophytes (65 species) and hemicryptophytes (48 species) were the dominant life forms. Very rare, rare and quite rare species were the most frequent in the flora of the Kałuszyńska Upland. They build up over 63% of the total number of species. The share of common and very common species was about 8%. Some of them, e.g, Equisetum arvense, Chenopodium album, Viola arvensis, Anthemis arvensis, Centaurea cyanus, Cirsium arvense, Elymus repens Convolvulus arvensis, Capsella bursapastoris and Stellaria media were noted with a high ground cover. The occurrence of species rare in the region and in Poland among recorded medicinal plants, e.g., Camelina microcarpa sp. sylvestris, Hypericum humifusum, Consolida regalis, Asperugo procumbens and Herniaria glabra is especially noteworthy.
Computation of positive realization of MIMO hybrid linear systems in the form of second Fornasini-Marchesini model
Authors: Kaczorek Tadeusz , Sajewski Łukasz 
Published: November 2010

Computation of positive realization of MIMO hybrid linear systems in the form of second Fornasini-Marchesini modelThe realization problem for positive multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) linear hybrid systems with the form of second Fornasini-Marchesini model is formulated and a method based on the state variable diagram for finding a positive realization of a given proper transfer matrix is proposed. Sufficient conditions for the existence of the positive realization of a given proper transfer matrix are established. A procedure for computation of a positive realization is proposed and illustrated by a numerical example.
Médiation et agencement : une poétique de la langue de spécialité
Authors: Lecercle Jean-Jacques 
Published: November 2010

La dialectique de la médiation et de l'immédiat dans les langues de spécialité est envisagée en commençant par un détour : l'analyse d'une Annonciation italienne de la Renaissance en termes d'effet de réel et de construction médiate de l'immédiateté. Cette illusion est ensuite décrite dans les deux domaines de la linguistique (à travers une critique de la philosophie du langage de Chomsky) et de la littérature (critique de l'illusion qui fait de l'auteur la source du sens du texte). La sortie de l'illusion passe par l'analyse d'un énoncé au centre d'un fait-divers, l'affaire Bentley, et une introduction au modèle ALTER de construction du sens. Elle passe aussi par le concept d'agencement collectif d'énonciation, emprunté à Gilles Deleuze. Ceci permet d'envisager une poétique de la langue de spécialité à partir de la parodie de Perec, « Cantatrix Sopranica L ».
Stating the obvious: modal adjuncts in NATO press briefings
Authors: Eason Simon 
Published: November 2010

Les recherches récentes sur la construction du discours évaluatif, menées notamment en Linguistique Systémique Fonctionnelle (LSF), font apparaître un besoin de travaux de recherche dans des genres variés, s’appuyant sur des corpus importants. Nous présentons ici quelques résultats d’une première analyse portant sur un corpus composé de transcriptions de points de presse, donnés hors caméra, par le porte-parole de l’OTAN, Jamie Shea, durant la campagne d’intervention militaire au Kosovo en 1999. Nous nous sommes plus particulièrement intéressé à l’emploi d’adverbes ou d’expressions adverbiales comme « of course » ou « as you know », qui réalisent la dimension sémantique de l’évidence, et apparaissent dans notre corpus avec une fréquence bien supérieure à celle que l’on constate dans les textes relevant d’autres genres. L’examen du contexte de production du discours permet de souligner la forte volonté du locuteur de produire un discours convaincant, qui emporte l’adhésion. Cette détermination est en partie encodée par l’emploi de locutions adverbiales de type évaluatif, qui contribuent à la cohésion textuelle et illustrent les ressources dont disposent les médiateurs pour faciliter l’acceptation de certains jugements et implications potentiellement contestables.
Quelques aspects de la contradiction et de la remise en cause dans le genre Letters to the Editor
Authors: Magnet Anne , Carnet Didier 
Published: November 2010

Cette communication se fixe comme objectif de repérer quelques stratégies discursives de deux communautés de chercheurs et de comparer leur matérialisation linguistique dans un corpus de Letters to the Editor composé à partir de deux revues : The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition et de The Lancet. La stratégie de remise en cause est analysée comme le mode explicite ou implicite de la contradiction apportée à un fait scientifique établi. Ce discours, identifié comme un genre, se situe dans la logique de véridiction du discours scientifique.
CCR2-Antagonist Prophylaxis Reduces Pulmonary Immune Pathology and Markedly Improves Survival during Influenza Infection
Authors: Lin Kaifeng Lisa , Sweeney Shari , Kang Brian Donghoon , Ramsburg Elizabeth , Gunn Michael Dee 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Infection with influenza virus induces severe pulmonary immune pathology that leads to substantial human mortality. Although antiviral therapy is effective in preventing infection, no current therapy can prevent or treat influenza-induced lung injury. Previously, we reported that influenza-induced pulmonary immune pathology is mediated by inflammatory monocytes trafficking to virus-infected lungs via CCR2 and that influenza-induced morbidity and mortality are reduced in CCR2-deficient mice. In this study, we evaluated the effect of pharmacologically blocking CCR2 with a small molecule inhibitor (PF-04178903) on the entry of monocytes into lungs and subsequent morbidity and mortality in influenza-infected mice. Subcutaneous injection of mice with PF-04178903 was initiated 1 d prior to infection with influenza strain H1N1A/Puerto Rico/8/34. Compared with vehicle controls, PF-04178903–treated mice demonstrated a marked reduction in mortality (75 versus 0%) and had significant reductions in weight loss and hypothermia during subsequent influenza infection. Drug-treated mice also displayed significant reductions in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid total protein, albumin, and lactose dehydrogenase activity. Administration of PF-04178903 did not alter viral titers, severity of secondary bacteria infections (Streptococcus pneumoniae), or levels of anti-influenza–neutralizing Abs. Drug-treated mice displayed an increase in influenza nucleoprotein-specific cytotoxic T cell activity. Our results suggest that CCR2 antagonists may represent an effective prophylaxis against influenza-induced pulmonary immune pathology.
IL-17– and IFN-γ–Secreting Foxp3+ T Cells Infiltrate the Target Tissue in Experimental Autoimmunity
Authors: Esposito Marianna , Ruffini Francesca , Bergami Alessandra , Garzetti Livia , Borsellino Giovanna , Battistini Luca , Martino Gianvito , Furlan Roberto 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been considered crucial in controlling immune system homeostasis, and their derangement is often associated to autoimmunity. Tregs identification is, however, difficult because most markers, including CD25 and Foxp3, are shared by recently activated T cells. We show in this paper that CD4+Foxp3+ T cells are generated in peripheral lymphoid organs on immunization and readily accumulate in the target organ of an autoimmune reaction, together with classical inflammatory cells, constituting up to 50% of infiltrating CD4+ T cells. Most CD4+Foxp3+ T cells are, however, CD25− and express proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-17 and IFN-γ, questioning their suppressive nature. Moreover, in vitro CD4+ T lymphocytes from naive and autoimmune mice, stimulated to differentiate into Th1, Th2, Th17, and induced Tregs, display early mixed expression of lineage-specific markers. These results clearly point to an unprecedented plasticity of naive CD4+ T cells, that integrating inflammatory signals may change their fate from the initial lineage commitment to a different functional phenotype.
Negative Feedback Regulation of NF-κB Action by CITED2 in the Nucleus
Authors: Lou Xiwen , Sun Shaogang , Chen Wei , Zhou Yi , Huang Yuefeng , Liu Xing , Shan Yufei , Wang Chen 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
NF-κB is a family of important transcription factors that modulate immunity, development, inflammation, and cancer. The biological activity of NF-κB is subjected to various spatial and temporal regulations. Bioinformatics analysis predicts that CITED2 is topologically close to NF-κB in the protein interaction networks. In this study, we show that ectopic expression or knockdown of CITED2 attenuates or potentiates, respectively, the expression of NF-κB–responsive genes. Mechanistically, CITED2 constitutively localizes inside the nucleus and interacts specifically with the coactivator p300. This prevents p65 from binding to p300, impairs p65 acetylation, and attenuates p65 binding to its cognate promoters. Furthermore, LPS induces CITED2 expression via NF-κB in macrophages. CITED2 sensitizes cells to TNF-α–induced apoptosis. Collectively, this study identifies CITED2 as a novel regulator of NF-κB in the nucleus, which reveals a negative feedback mechanism for NF-κB signaling.
A Marked Reduction in Priming of Cytotoxic CD8+ T Cells Mediated by Stress-Induced Glucocorticoids Involves Multiple Deficiencies in Cross-Presentation by Dendritic Cells
Authors: Hunzeker John T. , Elftman Michael D. , Mellinger Jennifer C. , Princiotta Michael F. , Bonneau Robert H. , Truckenmiller Mary E. , Norbury Christopher C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractProtracted psychological stress elevates circulating glucocorticoids, which can suppress CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity, but the mechanisms are incompletely understood. Dendritic cells (DCs), required for initiating CTL responses, are vulnerable to stress/corticosterone, which can contribute to diminished CTL responses. Cross-priming of CD8+ T cells by DCs is required for initiating CTL responses against many intracellular pathogens that do not infect DCs. We examined the effects of stress/corticosterone on MHC class I (MHC I) cross-presentation and priming and show that stress/corticosterone-exposed DCs have a reduced ability to cross-present OVA and activate MHC I-OVA257–264-specific T cells. Using a murine model of psychological stress and OVA-loaded β2-microglobulin knockout “donor” cells that cannot present Ag, DCs from stressed mice induced markedly less Ag-specific CTL proliferation in a glucocorticoid receptor-dependent manner, and endogenous in vivo T cell cytolytic activity generated by cross-presented Ag was greatly diminished. These deficits in cross-presentation/priming were not due to altered Ag donation, Ag uptake (phagocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis, or fluid-phase uptake), or costimulatory molecule expression by DCs. However, proteasome activity in corticosterone-treated DCs or splenic DCs from stressed mice was partially suppressed, which limits formation of antigenic peptide–MHC I complexes. In addition, the lymphoid tissue-resident CD11b−CD24+CD8α+ DC subset, which carries out cross-presentation/priming, was preferentially depleted in stressed mice. At the same time, CD11b−CD24+CD8α− DC precursors were increased, suggesting a block in development of CD8α+ DCs. Therefore, glucocorticoid-induced changes in both the cellular composition of the immune system and intracellular protein degradation contribute to impaired CTL priming in stressed mice.
A Role for IL-15 in the Migration of Effector CD8 T Cells to the Lung Airways following Influenza Infection
Authors: Verbist Katherine C. , Cole Charles J. , Field Mary B. , Klonowski Kimberly D. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The cytokines generated locally in response to infection play an important role in CD8 T cell trafficking, survival, and effector function, rendering these signals prime candidates for immune intervention. In this paper, we show that localized increases in the homeostatic cytokine IL-15 induced by influenza infection is responsible for the migration of CD8 effector T cells to the site of infection. Moreover, intranasal delivery of IL-15–IL-15Rα soluble complexes (IL-15c) specifically restores the frequency of effector T cells lost in the lung airways of IL-15–deficient animals after influenza infection. Exogenous IL-15c quantitatively augments the respiratory CD8 T cell response, and continued administration of IL-15c throughout the contraction phase of the anti-influenza CD8 T cell response magnifies the resultant CD8 T cell memory generated in situ. This treatment extends the ability of these cells to protect against heterologous infection, immunity that typically depreciates over time. Overall, our studies describe what to our knowledge is a new function for IL-15 in attracting effector CD8 T cells to the lung airways and suggest that adjuvanting IL-15 could be used to prolong anti-influenza CD8 T cell responses at mucosal surfaces to facilitate pathogen elimination.
β5 Integrin Is the Major Contributor to the αv Integrin-Mediated Blockade of HIV-1 Replication
Authors: Ballana Ester , Pauls Eduardo , Clotet Bonaventura , Perron-Sierra Françoise , Tucker Gordon C. , Esté José A. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages are targets of HIV-1 infection and play critical roles in multiple aspects of viral pathogenesis. During the differentiation of monocytes to macrophages, adhesion molecules such as integrins are upregulated; therefore, they provide signals that control the process and subsequently may render macrophages more susceptible to HIV-1 infection. Previous work demonstrated that blocking αv-containing integrins triggered a signal transduction pathway leading to the inhibition of NF-κB–dependent HIV-1 transcription. In this paper, we show the influence of the different αv-coupled β integrins in HIV-1 replication in macrophages. Inhibition of β integrins, either by specific mAbs, small arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) mimetic compounds, or RNA interference, showed that integrin β5 was the major contributor to the integrin-mediated blockade of HIV-1 replication. Importantly, such inhibition did not induce changes in cell adhesion to the substrate. In conclusion, our results reveal a significant role of the integrin dimmer αvβ5 in HIV-1 infection of macrophages.
Older workers in Australia: The myths, the realities and the battle over workforce ‘flexibility’
Authors: Kossen Chris , Pedersen Cec 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA decisive 2004 fourth term win for the Howard Government and control over the Senate provided the Australian government with a mandate to further deregulate the labour market in the name of ‘flexibility’. This paper uses a critical perspective to challenge the wisdom of neo-liberal market economics as the driving force behind the rapid expansion of non-traditional ‘flexible’ forms of work and the persistence of a deficit model/perspective that continues to devalue the human capital value of older workers. It is argued that these trends will contribute to ongoing under utilisation of ‘older’ labour and intensification of skill shortages, in part, as a result of lack of investment in maintaining human capital. In responding to Australia's rapidly ageing workforce the Howard Government has adopted modest measures designed to counter age based discrimination and encourage workforce participation. However, participation rates among older workers in Australia have remained one of the lowest among Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) countries. This paper argues that the Government's labour market deregulation policies are reducing the availability of jobs that provide sufficient working conditions and remuneration to make workforce participation attractive. The erosion of employment conditions associated with ‘flexible’ workforce reform leads to underemployment, an employment outcome that often fails to meet the needs of many older workers. More recently, however, the Government has embarked on reforms that appear to provide genuine incentives aimed specifically at attracting workforce participation by older workers, but unfortunately these are by and large confined to those aged 60 years and over.
Role misconceptions and negotiations in small business owner/web developer relationships
Authors: Carey Janene 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSmall business owners who turn to professional web development consultants for assistance with building a web site may need support not only in terms of the technical aspects of web site implementation, but also in terms of understanding their options for e-business. However, client/consultant relationships within the small business sector can be problematic and the limited research available into small business engagement of web developers suggests that bad experiences and disappointing outcomes are not uncommon.Interpretive case study methodology was used to explore four sets of small business owner/web developer relationships: how each pair worked together and what they expected of each other. The negotiation and clarification of roles and responsibilities proved to be an essential aspect of the relationships. Also, achieving an adequate level of client involvement in the web site design and development process was a challenge in all cases.