bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical evaluation of his‐bundle electrogram recorded from the body surface
Authors: de Feyter P. J. , Ros H. H. , Majid P. A. , van Eenige M. J. , Karreman J. , Roos J. P. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA noninvasive method of recording His‐bundle activity was developed in our laboratory. This technique is based on the principle of high‐gain amplification of the external signals, use of appropriate filters to eliminate random noise, and averaging of the amplified signals over 200–500 cardiac cycles to improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio.Using this technique we were able to demonstrate external His‐bundle activity and to measure the external His‐bundle‐ventricular (H‐V) interval in 29 of 51 (60%) patients referred to our unit for evaluation of conduction abnormalities or history of collapse. The external technique was validated by the intracardiac electrode method. External H‐V interval was reproducible when tested in eight normal subjects and four patients at three different time intervals (average coefficient of variation was 4.5% for external H‐V interval of 30–90 ms duration).Failure to obtain distinct external His‐bundle deflection was largely due to contamination with atrial or ventricular noise. Analysis of all the records showed that the demonstration of external His‐bundle activity was directly proportional to the length of the PR segment. The external H‐V interval could be measured in all patients with PR segments longer than 100 ms but in less than half of patients in whom the PR segment was shorter than 55 ms.We conclude that the noninvasive technique of recording His‐bundle activity is simple and reproducible and can be used at the bedside. It possesses a distinct advantage over the intracardiac technique in that it can be employed in sequential studies. However, in its present state of development, its use is mainly confined to the analysis of conduction disturbances.
Inter‐Electrode Distance and Breakdown Voltage in Low Pressure Argon Discharges
Authors: Ledernez L. , Olcaytug F. , Urban G. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis work deals with the Paschen law in electrical breakdown of gases at pd values around the Paschen minimum. From the Townsend model, it is possible to deduce theoretical forms of the coefficients in Paschen's law, of which our calculated values are in the range of the tabulated values from the literature. These formulae show that the breakdown voltage must be influenced by the inter‐electrode distance, while the product pd remains a key parameter. This is confirmed by the Paschen curves measured in an argon discharge for inter‐electrode distances varying from 2 to 9 cm (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Generation of THz Radiation from Laser Beam Filamentation in a Magnetized Plasma
Authors: Singh M. , Mahmoud S.T. , Sharma R.P. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe terahertz (THz) frequency radiation production as a result of nonlinear interaction of high intense laser beam with low density ripple in a magnetized plasma has been studied. If the appropriate phase matching conditions are satisfied and the frequency of the ripple is appropriate then this difference frequency can be brought in the THz range. Self focusing (filamentation) of a circularly polarized beam propagating along the direction of static magnetic field in plasma is first investigated within extended‐paraxial ray approximation. The beam gets focused when the initial power of the laser beam is greater than its critical power. Resulting localized beam couples with the pre‐existing density ripple to produce a nonlinear current driving the THz radiation. By changing the strength of the magnetic field, one can enhance or suppress the THz emission. The expressions for the laser beam width parameter, the electric field vector of the THz wave have been obtained. For typical laser beam and plasma parameters with the incident laser intensity ≈ 1014 W/cm2, laser beam radius (r0) = 50 μm, laser frequency (ω0) = 1.8848 × 1014rad/s, electron plasma (low density rippled) wave frequency (ω0) = 1.2848 × 1014 rad/s, plasma density (n0) = 5.025 × 1017cm–3, normalized ripple density amplitude (μ)=0.1, the produced THz emission can be at the level of Giga watt (GW) in power (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Porous Silica‐Based Mixed Oxides with Basic Organic Sites
Authors: Geserick Jasmin , Meyer Sarah , Puchberger Michael , Pabisch Silvia , Peterlik Herwig , Bethge Ole , Bertagnolli Emmerich , Schubert Ulrich 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPorous, organically modified silica‐based mixed oxides were prepared in a two‐step process. First, a mixture of tetraethoxysilane, bis(triethoxysilyl)dipropylamine and, optionally, 1,4‐bis(triethoxysilyl)benzene was treated with metal chlorides (ZrCl4, TiCl4, or AlCl3), and no water or water‐based catalyst was added to the sols. After film formation, the materials were exposed to ambient humidity to achieve hydrolytic condensation of residual groups. Materials with wormhole‐like ordered porosity and uniform mesopores were obtained with metal proportions up to about 20 %. According to XPS measurements, the metals are homogenously distributed in the silica matrix.
Accessing the Synthetic Chemistry of Radical Ions
Authors: Ischay Michael A. , Yoon Tehshik P. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractOrganic reactions involving radical cation and radical anion intermediates are synthetically powerful umpolung processes that enable electronically mismatched couplings between pairs of electron‐rich or pairs of electron‐poor organic fragments. Nevertheless, the adoption of these reactions as synthetic methods has been relatively slow in comparison with that of reactions involving more conventional reactive intermediates such as carbanions, carbocations, and neutral radicals. This Microreview provides a brief survey of radical ion chemistry and highlights the use of transition metal photocatalysis as a convenient means to investigate radical‐ion‐mediated transformations.
Exploring the Ribose Sub‐Pocket of the Substrate‐Binding Site in Escherichia coli IspE: Structure‐Based Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Cytosines and Cytosine Analogues
Authors: Schütz Andri P. , Osawa Sho , Mathis Jennifer , Hirsch Anna K. H. , Bernet Bruno , Illarionov Boris , Fischer Markus , Bacher Adelbert , Diederich François 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe enzymes of the non‐mevalonate pathway for the isoprenoid biosynthesis are promising targets for the development of selective drugs for the treatment of important infectious diseases. This pathway is used by plants, many eubacteria, and apicomplexan protozoa, including major human pathogens such as Plasmodium falciparum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but not by humans who use the mevalonate pathway. In this work, we report on the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new ligands for the E. coli enzyme IspE. The focus of the study lies in the analysis of the ribose sub‐pocket of the CDP‐ME binding site. Therefore, we synthesized cytosine‐ and 2‐aminopyridine‐based inhibitors with various substituents targeting this sub‐pocket at the enzyme active site. As cytosines display unexpectedly low solubilities in aqueous solution, special efforts were made to increase the water solubility of some compounds while maintaining the good binding affinities measured in earlier studies. In vitro studies showed IC50 values in the low micromolar to submicromolar range against E. coli IspE.
Comet‐FISH with rDNA probes for the analysis of mutagen‐induced DNA damage in plant cells
Authors: Kwasniewska Jolanta , Grabowska Marta , Kwasniewski Miroslaw , Kolano Bozena 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe used comet‐fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in the model plant species Crepis capillaris following exposure of seedlings to maleic hydrazide (MH). FISH with 5S and 25S rDNA probes was applied to comets obtained under alkaline conditions to establish whether these DNA regions were preferentially involved in comet tail formation. MH treatment induced significant fragmentation of nuclear DNA and of rDNA loci. A 24‐h post‐treatment recovery period allowed a partial reversibility of MH‐induced damage on nuclear and rDNA regions. Analyses of FISH signals demonstrated that rDNA sequences were always involved in tail formation and that 5S rDNA was more frequently present in the tail than 25S rDNA, regardless of treatment. The involvement of 25S rDNA in nucleolus formation and differences in chromatin structure between the two loci may explain the different susceptibility of the 25S and 5S rDNA regions to migrate into the tail. This work is the first report on the application of FISH to comet preparations from plants to analyze the distribution and repair of DNA damage within specific genomic regions after mutagenic treatment. Moreover, our work suggests that comet‐FISH in plants may be a useful tool for environmental monitoring assessment. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
SIMPLE‐type preconditioners for cell‐centered, colocated finite volume discretization of incompressible Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Klaij C. M. , Vuik C. 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYThis paper contains a comparison of four SIMPLE‐type methods used as solver and as preconditioner for the iterative solution of the (Reynolds‐averaged) Navier–Stokes equations, discretized with a finite volume method for cell‐centered, colocated variables on unstructured grids. A matrix‐free implementation is presented, and special attention is given to the treatment of the stabilization matrix to maintain a compact stencil suitable for unstructured grids. We find SIMPLER preconditioning to be robust and efficient for academic test cases and industrial test cases. Compared with the classical SIMPLE solver, SIMPLER preconditioning reduces the number of nonlinear iterations by a factor 5–20 and the CPU time by a factor 2–5 depending on the case. The flow around a ship hull at Reynolds number 2E9, for example, on a grid with cell aspect ratio up to 1:1E6, can be computed in 3 instead of 15 h.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A randomized control trial to evaluate the beyondblue depression training program: does it lead to better recognition of depression?
Authors: McCabe Marita P. , Karantzas Gery C. , Mrkic Dejan , Mellor David , Davison Tanya E. 
Published: May 2012

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine if a depression training program could assist aged care staff to better recognize depression among older people in residential care. The use of a “paper trail” for a screening tool and a study champion in combination with this training was evaluated to determine if this improved the level of detection of depression.MethodThe study took the form of a randomized control trial. A total of 107 professional carers from residential aged care services in Melbourne, Australia, participated in the study. Thirty‐four carers were allocated to the training‐only group and completed a six‐session depression training program, 35 carers were allocated to the training‐plus‐screening protocol group, and 38 carers were assigned to a wait‐list control group. In total, 216 residents were screened for depression. Carers in all conditions were asked to identify those residents who they perceived to be depressed. Residents were independently assessed with the SCID‐I to determine their depression status.ResultsTrained staff were not found to be better in detecting depression than non‐trained staff. Staff in the training‐plus‐screening condition correctly identified more residents as depressed, but also classified more non‐depressed residents as depressed.ConclusionThe findings demonstrate the need for a greater focus on recognizing depression among carers working in aged care facilities. Protocols should be developed to assist carers to detect, refer, and monitor depression in residents. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
THE IMPACT OF HEALTH CHANGES ON LABOR SUPPLY: EVIDENCE FROM MERGED DATA ON INDIVIDUAL OBJECTIVE MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS CODES AND EARLY RETIREMENT BEHAVIOR
Authors: Christensen Bent Jesper , Kallestrup‐Lamb Malene 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThe justification bias in the estimated impact of health shocks on retirement is mitigated by using objective health measures from a large, register‐based longitudinal data set including medical diagnosis codes, along with labor market status, financial, and socio‐economic variables. The duration until retirement is modeled using single and competing risk specifications, observed and unobserved heterogeneity, and flexible baseline hazards. Wealth is used as a proxy for elapsed duration to mitigate the potential selection bias stemming from conditioning on initial participation. The competing risk specification distinguishes complete multiperiod routes to retirement, such as unemployment followed by early retirement. A result on comparison of coefficients across all states is offered. The empirical results indicate a strong impact of health changes on retirement and hence a large potential for public policy measures intended to retain older workers longer in the labor force. Disability responds more to health shocks than early retirement, especially to diseases of the circulatory, respiratory, and musculoskeletal systems, as well as mental and behavioral disorders. Some unemployment spells followed by early retirement appear voluntary and spurred by life style diseases. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
INCOME INEQUALITY AND MENTAL HEALTH—EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM AUSTRALIA
Authors: Bechtel Lucy , Lordan Grace , Rao D. S. Prasada 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYThe causal association between absolute income and health is well‐established; however, the relationship between income inequality and health is not. The conclusions from the received studies vary across the region or country studied and/or the methodology employed. Using the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia panel survey, this paper investigates the relationship between mental health and inequality in Australia. A variety of income inequality indices are calculated to test both the income inequality and relative deprivation hypotheses. We find that mental health is only adversely affected by the presence of relative deprivation to a very small degree. In addition, we do not find support for the income inequality hypothesis. Importantly, our results are robust to a number of sensitivity analyses. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Difficulties in Quantifying Financial Losses that Could Be Reduced by Ergonomic Solutions
Authors: Pereira Da Silva Marcelo , Amaral Fernando Gonçalves , Mandagara Henrique , Leso Bernardo Henrique 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThere is currently a significant amount of discussion regarding new ways to insert ergonomics into the business community through adding financial benefits; however, analysis must be performed to justify this type of investment. Occupational problems that could be reduced by ergonomics solutions can be expressed as financial losses. Although the impact and importance of these losses are high, the difficulties in their quantification prevent adequate cost‐benefit analysis. This article aims to document evidence of the difficulties encountered when quantifying the financial losses that are caused by problems that could be reduced by ergonomic solutions. In this study, we performed a literature review concerning the financial costs related to occupational problems from the perspective of ergonomics. The results indicate that losses that occur mainly concern the productivity of the working process or the workers. The chief barriers documented in the scientific literature are the information cost, the multifactorial nature of the problem, the absence of information, and the methods of measurement. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lattice Boltzmann simulation of mixed convection in an inclined cavity with a wavy wall
Authors: Jafari Mohammad , Farhadi Mousa , Sedighi Kurosh , Fattahi Ehsan 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn the present study, the effect of inclination on mixed convection heat transfer and fluid flow in a lid‐driven cavity with a wavy wall is investigated using the lattice Boltzmann method. The double‐population approach with second‐order accuracy at velocity and temperature fields is used to simulate the curved boundary in the lattice Boltzmann method. The problem is investigated for different Richardson numbers (0.1 ≤Ri≤ 10), curve amplitudes (0.05 ≤A≤ 0.25), and inclination angles (0 ≤ θ ≤ 180) when the Reynolds number is equal to 100. Results show that the inclination phenomenon has important effects on both flow and temperature fields at high Richardson numbers. It is also found that the inclination loses its role on mixed convection heat transfer from the wavy wall by the increase of the curve amplitude of the wavy wall for all Richardson numbers. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.21005
Network analysis of icb‐1 gene function in human breast cancer cells
Authors: Treeck Oliver , Belgutay Derya , Häring Julia , Schüler Susanne , Lattrich Claus , Ortmann Olaf 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIcb‐1 is a human gene previously described by our group to exert important functions in cancer cells of different origin. We now performed microarray‐based gene expression profiling with subsequent network modeling to further elucidate the role of icb‐1 in breast cancer cells. Analyzing the effect of icb‐1 knockdown on the transcriptome of MCF‐7 cells, we found 151 differentially expressed genes exhibiting more than twofold changes, 97 of which were up‐ and 54 downregulated. Most of the upregulated genes were cancer‐related genes associated with poor prognosis, invasion and metastasis, building an oncogenic network of TNF target genes. On the other hand, network analysis identified the downregulated genes to be primarily involved in interferon signaling and cellular apoptosis. Confirming these network data, we observed that cells with reduced levels of icb‐1 exhibited an impaired response to the apoptosis inducers tamoxifen, staurosporine, actinomycin, and camptothecin. The data of this study suggest that icb‐1 might exert a tumor‐suppressor function in breast cancer and that its loss might confer relative resistance of breast cancer cells to apoptotic drugs. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 2979–2988, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Maintenance of feeder free anchorage independent cultures of ES and iPS cells by retinol/vitamin A
Authors: Bhatia Himanshu , Sharma Rohit , Dawes Joyce , Khillan Jaspal S. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells derived from mammalian blastocyst and the adult fibroblast derived induced pluripotent stem (iPS cells) exhibit complete potential to form cells representing all the primary germ layers such as mesoderm, endoderm and ectoderm. These cells are usually co‐cultured with mouse embryonic fibroblast feeders to prevent spontaneous differentiation. Feeder free cultures can provide substantial advantage to improve the efficiency and consistency of the culture conditions. In these studies, we demonstrate that a small dietary compound retinol, the alcohol form of vitamin A has capacity to regulate the pluripotency of pluripotent stem cells and maintain highly enriched population of pluripotent ES and iPS cells in feeder free suspension cultures. Retinol maintains long‐term cultures of undifferentiated cells via elevated expression of stem cell specific transcription factors Nanog and Oct4. The studies provide evidence that retinol regulates the self‐renewal of pluripotent stem cells via the over expression of insulin like growth factor II (IGFII) that engages PI3 kinase signaling pathway via IGF1 receptor tyrosine kinase. The ES cells retain capacity to generate high degree germline competent chimeric animals after microinjection into blastocysts. The studies offer a convenient system for long term maintenance of pluripotent stem cells via the activation of intracellular machinery for self‐renewal by a physiologically relevant compound for large‐scale production of high quality pluripotent stem cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 3002–3010, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Scaffold attachment factor B (SAFB)1 and SAFB2 cooperatively inhibit the intranuclear mobility and function of ERα
Authors: Hashimoto Takashi , Matsuda Ken‐Ichi , Kawata Mitsuhiro 
Published: May 2012

AbstractEstrogen receptor alpha (ERα) plays a key role in physiological and pathophysiological processes as a ligand‐activated transcriptional factor that is regulated by cofactors. ERα‐mediated transcriptional regulation is closely correlated with the mobility of ERα in the nucleus in association with the nuclear matrix, the framework for nuclear events including transcription. However, the relationship between ERα mobility and the cofactors of ERα is unclear. Scaffold attachment factor B1 (SAFB1) and its paralog SAFB2 are nuclear matrix binding proteins that have been characterized as ERα corepressors. Here, using chimeric fluorescent proteins (FPs), we show that SAFB1 and SAFB2 colocalize with ERα in the nucleus of living cells after 17β‐estradiol (E2) treatment. Co‐immunoprecipitation (co‐IP) experiments indicated that ERα interacts with both SAFB1 and SAFB2 in the presence of E2. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis revealed that SAFB1 and SAFB2 each decrease ERα mobility, and interestingly, coexpression of SAFB1 and SAFB2 causes a synergistic reduction in ERα dynamics under E2 treatment. In accordance with these mobility changes, ERα‐mediated transcription and proliferation are cooperatively inhibited by SAFB1 and SAFB2. These results indicate that SAFB1 and SAFB2 are crucial repressors for ERα dynamics in association with the nuclear matrix and that their synergistic regulation of ERα mobility is sufficient for inhibiting ERα function. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 3039–3050, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spatiotemporal variability of April rainfall in Korea by western Pacific teleconnection pattern
Authors: Choi Ki‐Seon , Kang Sung‐Dae , Kim Hae‐Dong 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis study analyses the correlation between western Pacific (WP) teleconnection pattern index (WPI) in April and rainfall amounts in the same month during 1954–2008. On the basis of the results, it is identified that there have been strong positive correlations between central China, Korea, and the southwestern part of Japan in the East Asian region. Through differences between 10 positive WP years and 10 negative WP years selected from the April WPI excluding El Niño‐Southern Oscillation years, it is found that rainfall amounts increase in April of positive WP years due to the following characteristics. Increases in rainfall amounts are evident in the East Asian middle latitudinal region where the positive correlation between the two variables is the highest and this is because anomalous southwesterlies are strengthened in the East Asian middle latitudinal region due to the spatial pattern of a south‐low‐north‐high anomalous pressure system centered on this region that is made by anomalous anticyclones centered on the southeastern side of the region and other anomalous anticyclones centered on the northeastern side of the region. In addition, anomalous westerlies (jet) are strengthened in the upper troposphere of the East Asian middle latitudinal region. As a result, anomalous upward flows are strengthened in this region and thus anomalous warm air temperatures are formed in the entire level of the troposphere in the region. In addition to atmospheric environments, anomalous warm sea surface temperatures are formed in the seas in the East Asian middle latitudinal region to help the rainfall amount increases in the East Asian middle latitudinal region. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society