bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kapazitäts-Gittersensor: Prinzip und AnwendungCapacitance Wire-Mesh Sensor: Principle and Application
Authors: da Silva Marco Jose , Hampel Uwe 
Published: April 2010

Zusammenfassung
Gittersensoren ermöglichen räumlich und zeitlich hochaufgelöste Untersuchungen von Mehrphasenströmungen und können für viele strömungsdiagnostische Probleme eingesetzt werden. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt den neu entwickelten Kapazitäts-Gittersensor, welcher auf der Messung der elektrischen Permittivität (Kapazität) basiert. Neben der Beschreibung des Messprinzips und der dazugehörigen Messelektronik sowie Datenanalyse wird auch ein ausgewähltes Anwendungsbeispiel präsentiert. Der Gittersensor wurde bei der Untersuchung einer zweiphasigen Öl-Gas-Rohrströmung eingesetzt, wobei die Strömungsregime visualisiert und einige wichtige quantitative Strömungsparameter aus den gemessenen Rohdaten extrahiert wurden.
Histomorphometric Analysis After Maxillary Sinus Floor Augmentation Using Cancellous Bone–Block Allograft
Authors: Chaushu Gavriel , Vered Marilena , Mardinger Ofer , Nissan Joseph 
Published: April 2010

Background: Cancellous bone–block allografts may contribute to improved initial implant stability during sinus augmentation in cases with posterior atrophic maxillary ridge height ≤4 mm. The present study histologically and histomorphometrically evaluates the application of cancellous bone–block allografts for maxillary sinus‐floor augmentation.Methods: Thirty‐one consecutive patients, 16 females and 15 males (age range, 25 to 65 years; mean age: 54 ± 9 years) underwent sinus augmentation with simultaneous implant placement with cancellous bone–block allografts. After 9 months, a second‐stage surgery was performed. The previous window location was determined. A cylindrical sample core was collected. All specimens were prepared for histologic and histomorphometric examinations.Results: Seventy‐two of 76 implants were clinically osseointegrated (94.7%). All patients received a fixed implant‐supported prosthesis. The mean t values of newly formed bone, residual cancellous bone–block allograft, marrow and connective tissue were 26.1% ± 15% (range: 10% to 58%); 24.7% ± 19.4% (range: 0.6% to 71%), and 49.2% ± 20.4% (range: 14.9% to 78.9%), respectively. No statistically significant histomorphometric differences regarding newly formed bone were found between genders (27.02% in males versus 25.68% in females; P = 0.446), ages (29.82% in subjects ≤40 years old versus 24.43% in subjects >40 years old; P = 0.293), presence of membrane perforations (25.5% in non‐perforated sinuses versus 27.3% in perforated sinuses; P = 0.427), and residual alveolar bone height (25.85% for residual alveolar bone height <2 mm versus 26.48% for residual alveolar bone height of 2 to 4 mm; P = 0.473).Conclusion: The cancellous bone–block allograft is biocompatible and osteoconductive and permits new bone formation in sinus augmentations with simultaneous implant‐placement procedures in extremely atrophic posterior maxillae.
Exploring Trust and the Auditor-Client Relationship: Factors Influencing the Auditor’s Trust of a Client Representative
Authors: Rennie Morina D. , Kopp Lori S. , Lemon W. Morley 
Published: April 2010

SUMMARY: This research examines financial statement auditors’ trust of members of client management in the context of a disagreement. In this descriptive field study involving 48 partners and 23 managers of Canadian offices of international accounting firms, we explore factors that can influence an auditor’s trust of client management.
We find that a client representative’s openness of communication and demonstration of concern during an auditor-client disagreement are positively associated with the trust that an auditor feels for that individual. We also find that aspects of the auditor-client relationship are associated with auditor trust. Responses to general questions about trust and auditing indicate that our auditors believe it is important to trust their clients and that they attempt to ensure that trust does not impede professional skepticism, primarily through a rigorous audit process and the adoption of an independent attitude.
Cardiovascular parameters to assess the severity of acute pulmonary embolism with computed tomography
Authors: Zhao Dian-Jiang , Ma Da-Qing , He Wen , Wang Jian-Jun , Xu Yan , Guan Chun-Shuang 
Published: April 2010

Background: Computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) has been established as a first-line test in the acute pulmonary embolism (APE) diagnostic algorithm, but the assessment of the severity of APE by this method remains to be explored. Purpose: To retrospectively evaluate right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and severity in patients with APE without underlying cardiopulmonary disease using helical computed tomography (CT). Material and Methods: Seventy-three patients (35 men and 38 women) were divided into two groups according to the clinical findings: severe APE ( n=22) and non-severe APE ( n=51). Pulmonary artery CT obstruction index was calculated according to the location and degree of clots in the pulmonary arteries. Cardiovascular parameters including RV short axis and left ventricular (LV) short axis, RV short axis to LV short axis (RV/LV) ratio, main pulmonary artery, azygos vein, and superior vena cava diameters were measured. Leftward bowing of the interventricular septum, reflux of contrast medium into the inferior vena cava and azygos vein, and bronchial artery dilatation were also recorded. The results were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test, x2 test, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ( Az). Results: CT obstruction index in patients with severe APE (median 43%) was higher than that of patients with non-severe APE (median 20%). Comparison of cardiovascular parameters between patients with severe and non-severe pulmonary embolism showed significant differences in RV short axis, LV short axis, RV/LV ratio, RV wall thickness, main pulmonary artery diameter, azygos vein diameter, leftward bowing of the interventricular septum, and bronchial artery dilatation. The correlation between CT obstruction indexes and cardiovascular parameters was significant. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was highest between RV/LV ratio and CT obstruction index. Az values were significantly higher than 0.5 for CT obstruction index, LV short axis, RV/LV ratio, main pulmonary artery diameter, and azygos vein diameter. Conclusion: These results suggest that CTPA is a practical and accurate means for evaluating RV dysfunction of pulmonary embolism in patients without any underlying cardiopulmonary disease and can discriminate between severe and non-severe APE.
MRI-guided percutaneous laser ablation of small renal cell carcinoma: Initial clinical experience
Authors: Kariniemi Juho , Ojala Risto , Hellström Pekka , Sequeiros Roberto Blanco 
Published: April 2010

Background: The number of detected small renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) has been rising, largely due to advances in imaging. Open surgical resection is the standard management of small RCCs; however, imaging-guided percutaneous ablative therapies have emerged as a minimally invasive treatment alternative, especially for patients who are poor candidates for surgery. Purpose: To evaluate the initial clinical experience of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided percutaneous laser ablation of small RCCs. Material and Methods: Eight patients with 10 tumors were treated with percutaneous MRI-guided laser ablation. All tumors (diameter range 1.5–3.8 cm, mean 2.7 cm) were biopsy-proven RCCs. By using a 0.23 T open MRI system and general anesthesia in patients, one to four (mean 2.6) laser fibers were placed and the tumors were ablated under near real-time MRI control by observing the signal void caused by the temperature change in the heated tissue. The treatment was considered successful if the tumor showed no contrast enhancement at follow-up imaging. Results: All except one tumor were successfully ablated in one session. The first patient treated showed enhancing residual tumor in post-procedural MRI; she has thus far declined retreatment. One complication, a myocardial infarction, occurred; all other patients tolerated the procedure well. No local recurrence was discovered during the follow-up (range 12–30 months, mean 20 months). Conclusion: In this small group of patients with relatively short follow-up period, MRI-guided percutaneous laser ablation proved to be a promising treatment option for small RCCs.
Peanut Response to Fluometuron Applied to a Preceeding Cotton Crop1
Authors: York Alan C. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
An experiment was conducted to determine the potential for fluometuron to carry over to peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Fluometuron was applied preemergence to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) at 1.12 and 2.24 kg ai ha-1 as a broadcast spray or as a 30-cm band in 91-cm rows. Each preemergence application was followed by zero, one, or two postemergence-directed applications of fluometuron at 1.12 kg ha-1 plus MSMA at 2.24 kg ae ha-1 in a 30-cm band. Herbicide treatments did not adversely affect cotton yield or fiber quality. Fluometuron injury was not observed on peanut planted the following year. Peanut yield, grade, and value were not affected by previous fluometuron treatments.
Effect of Temperature on Urediniospore Production and Germinability in Puccinia arachidis1
Authors: Rao P. V. Subba , Subrahmanyam P. , McDonald D. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Effect of temperature on urediniospore production in Puccinia arachidis was investigated under monocyclic infection using detached leaves of the susceptible peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivar TMV 2. Urediniospores produced at different temperatures were also examined for their germinability in vitro. The optimal temperature for urediniospore production was at about 20 and 25 C. Temperatures below 20 C or above 30 C were highly detrimental to urediniospore production. There were also marked differences in the percent germination of urediniospores produced at different temperatures. Urediniospores produced at 20 and 25 C showed the highest germination percentages. The interaction of temperature with urediniospore production and germinability is important in understanding the development of peanut rust epidemics.
Sorting Peanuts by Pod Density to Improve Quality and Kernel Maturity Distribution and to Reduce Aflatoxin1
Authors: Rucker K. S. , Kvien C. K. , Calhoun K. , Henning R. J. , Koehler P. E. , Ghate S. R. , Holbrook C. C. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Peanut maturity and several peanut quality factors are closely related. An examination of peanut physical properties revealed that by sorting farmer-stock peanuts into pod density classes before shelling, the maturity distributions within shelled-stock classes can be manipulated. An unsorted sample of farmer-stock peanut having an initial maturity distribution in No. 1 kernels of 66% immature, 23% mid-mature and 11% mature was sorted using a gravity separator into four pod-density fractions ranging from 98% immature and 2% mid-mature in the least dense fraction to 8% immature, 43% mid-mature and 49% mature in the most dense fraction. Along with improvements in maturity distributions, we also found that the higher test weight fractions (higher pod density) had less aflatoxin and a greater percentage of large kernels than did the low test weight fractions. Many density sorting devices were tested, including air columns, pod cleaners, and gravity tables. All of these devices were capable of sorting pods into maturity groups, but the gravity table was the most precise.
Quality Characteristics of Red Testa Peanuts Associated With Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Infected Plants1
Authors: Sanders T. H. , Schubert A. M. , Bett K. L. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Florunner peanuts with red, cracked testae commonly associated with tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) infected plants were examined for size, oil quality and flavor variation. Samples of visually normal and red testa peanuts (RTP) were collected randomly by electronic color sorting and hand-picking from three locations in Texas. Size distributions in the samples indicated higher percentages of RTP in smaller commercial sizes. Mean seed weight was lower for RTP except in the single largest screen size (9.5 mm). The oleic/linoleic acid ratio in oil from various commercial sizes was slightly but consistently higher in RTP and oven test stability of oil was correspondingly longer. Descriptive flavor analysis of roasted normal peanuts and RTP indicated no relevant flavor differences.
Identification of Peanut Genotypes with Improved Drought Avoidance Traits1
Authors: Rucker K. S. , Kvien C. K. , Holbrook C. C. , Hook J. E. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) are often subjected to drought during some period in the growing season. A large root system may improve the plant's ability to continue growth during a drought. During greenhouse and field screening trials for resistance to the peanut root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood, race 1], 16 peanut genotypes were observed to have very large root systems. Using these 16 genotypes plus cultivars Florunner, Southern Runner, and germplasm line Tifton 8 as checks, several studies were conducted to evaluate these genotypes for drought avoidance characteristics. In the first study, root and shoot development were observed at 15-d intervals on plants grown from seed in sand-filled pots. In a second 2-yr study, selections were grown in the field under portable rain-exclusion shelters that created controlled periods of stress. In addition, the genotypes were also planted and observed in unsheltered naturally drought stressed field plots. In the sand-filled pot study, plant inventory (PI) numbers 315628, 268885, 318740, 269106, and 314893 developed the largest root systems. In the field drought stress studies, low visual stress ratings were recorded for Southern Runner, Tifton 8, PI 295722, and PI 315628. Low canopy temperatures characterized PI 315628, Tifton 8, and PIs 295722, 259637, and 268885. When averaged over three tests, sheltered (1991 and 1992) and unsheltered (1991), Tifton 8, PI 318740, Florunner, PI 315622, and PI 315628 produced the highest yields. Two of these higher yielding genotypes (Tifton 8 and PI 315628) had low stress and temperature ratings and PI 315628 also had the largest root system measured in this study.
Association of systemic risk factors with the severity of retinal hard exudates in a north Indian population with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Sachdev N , Sahni A 
Published: April 2010

Background:
The various risk factors for diabetic retinopathy and its spectrum are still poorly understood in the Indian population. Aims: To study the association of various systemic risk factors with retinal hard exudates in type 2 diabetic north Indian patients and to measure the incidence of dyslipidemia in them.

Settings and Design:
A tertiary-hospital-based cross-sectional study.

Materials and Methods:
An observational case-study which included 180 type 2 diabetic patients (180 eyes) of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) with clinically significant macular edema (CSME). In these patients the retinal hard exudates were graded on a central 500 fundus picture using modified Airlie House classification and divided into three groups of absent or minimal hard exudates (Group 1), hard exudates present (Group 2) and prominent hard exudates (Group 3). Their association with various risk factors, namely the age of onset of diabetes and its duration, gender, insulin therapy, and various systemic parameters like hypertension, blood hemoglobin, glycosylated hemoglobin, serum (s.) creatinine levels, 24-h proteinuria and complete lipid profile including total s. cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL) and s. triglyceride (TG) was studied. The incidence of dyslipidemia was also calculated among these groups of patients. Statistical Analysis: ANOVA test, linear regression analysis and Spearman's correlation test.

Results:
On univariate analysis, the retinal hard exudates were significantly associated with s. creatinine (P=0.016), systolic blood pressure (P=0.014), s. cholesterol (P<0.001), s. LDL (P=0.008) and s. TG (P=0.013) levels. While on linear regression analysis, s. cholesterol (P<0.001) and s. LDL cholesterol (P=0.028) were found to be independent risk factors affecting the density of retinal hard exudates. On Spearman's correlation test, the retinal hard exudates showed a significant positive correlation with systolic blood pressure (P=0.019), s. cholesterol (P<0.001), LDL (P=0.002) and TG (P=0.014) levels. The incidence of dyslipidemia varied from as high as nearly 70% among patients of Group 3 compared to as low as 18% among Group 1 patients.

Conclusion:
Serum cholesterol and LDL are independent risk factors for retinal hard exudates in type 2 diabetic north Indian patients who suffer from a remarkably high incidence of dyslipidemia.
The value of an acute octreotide suppression test in predicting response to long-term somatostatin analogue therapy in patients with acromegaly
Authors: Bandgar TR , Sarathi V , Shivane V , Bansode N , Menon PS , Shah NS 
Published: April 2010

Context:
The usefulness of the acute octreotide test in the selection of patients with acromegaly for chronic somatostatin depot analogues treatment is controversial.

Aims:
To determine the efficacy of acute octreotide suppression test (OST) in predicting response to long-term somatostatin analogue (Octreotide-long-acting repeatable, OCT-LAR) therapy in patients with acromegaly.

Settings and Design:
Prospective study (2006-2007) conducted at a tertiary healthcare centre in western India.

Materials and Methods:
Sixteen drug-naive patients with active acromegaly (postoperative±post radiotherapy) underwent 50 µg subcutaneous OST. Ten patients were treated with OCT-LAR for one year. Remission was defined as a nadir growth hormone (GH) <1 ng/ml during 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (0, 10, 30, 60, 120, 180 min) and normal age, sex-matched insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) levels.

Statistical Analysis:
SPSS Software Version 11 was used for data analysis.

Results:
Using GH cutoff <1 ng/ml, four patients (40%) achieved control at 12 months, while five patients (50%) achieved normal IGF1 values. The mean basal GH levels in 10 responsive, four controlled and six uncontrolled patients were 34.7±61.14, 4.5±1.3 and 54.8±74.2 ng/ml respectively which suppressed to mean nadir GH of 3.75±4.03, 0.66±0.15 and 5.8±4 ng/ml respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive value for nadir GH <1 ng/ml reached after an OST was 100% each in predicting remission in our cohort. Odds for control increased if the baseline GH was low (<5 ng/ml in our cases).

Conclusions:
Nadir GH <1 ng/ml following an OST is a useful predictive marker of achieving disease remission with long-term OCT-LAR therapy.
Mycophenolate mofetil for interstitial lung disease in dermatomyositis
Authors: Morganroth Pamela A. , Kreider Mary Elizabeth , Werth Victoria P. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo report our experience using mycophenolate mofetil as first‐line treatment for dermatomyositis‐associated interstitial lung disease.MethodsWe examined the medical records of all 16 dermatomyositis patients with interstitial lung disease seen in our outpatient university hospital dermatology clinic between May 26, 2006, and May 25, 2009. In this retrospective case series, we describe the clinical course of the 4 patients with definitive evidence of interstitial lung disease on radiologic imaging who were treated with mycophenolate mofetil and had pulmonary data available to document their outcome. All of the patients also received prednisone.ResultsAll 3 patients with at least 1 year of followup receiving mycophenolate mofetil experienced complete normalization of pulmonary function tests (including diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide) and resolution of dyspnea. They were also able to reduce their prednisone doses. The only patient with pre‐ and posttreatment chest computed tomography imaging had total resolution of her interstitial opacities. The patient with only 5 months of posttreatment followup experienced an improvement in diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide from 44% to 77% predicted, but no change in dyspnea.ConclusionThese promising data indicate that mycophenolate mofetil may be a useful therapy for interstitial lung disease in patients with dermatomyositis, but larger studies are needed to more definitively evaluate the role of this medication in therapy.
Association between patella alta and the prevalence and worsening of structural features of patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis: The multicenter osteoarthritis study
Authors: Stefanik J. J. , Zhu Y. , Zumwalt A. C. , Gross K. D. , Clancy M. , Lynch J. A. , Frey Law L. A. , Lewis C. E. , Roemer F. W. , Powers C. M. , Guermazi A. , Felson D. T. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the relationship between patella alta and the prevalence and worsening at followup of structural features of patellofemoral joint (PFJ) osteoarthritis (OA) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsThe Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study is a cohort study of persons ages 50–79 years with or at risk for knee OA. Patella alta was measured using the Insall‐Salvati ratio (ISR) on the baseline lateral radiograph, and cartilage damage, bone marrow lesions (BMLs), and subchondral bone attrition (SBA) were graded on MRI at baseline and at 30 months of followup in the PFJ. We examined the association of the ISR with the prevalence and worsening of cartilage damage, BMLs, and SBA in the PFJ using logistic regression.ResultsA total of 907 knees were studied (mean age 62 years, body mass index 30 kg/m2, ISR 1.10), 63% from female subjects. Compared with knees in the lowest ISR quartile at baseline, those in the highest quartile had 2.4 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.7–3.3), 2.9 (95% CI 2.0–4.3), and 3.5 (95% CI 2.3–5.5) times the odds of having lateral PFJ cartilage damage, BMLs, and SBA, respectively, and 1.5 (95% CI 1.1–2.0), 1.3 (95% CI 0.9–1.8), and 2.2 (95% CI 1.4–3.4) times the odds of having medial PFJ cartilage damage, BMLs, and SBA, respectively. Similarly, those with high ISRs were also at risk for worsening of cartilage damage and BMLs over time than those with low ISRs.ConclusionA high ISR, indicative of patella alta, is associated with structural features of OA in the PFJ. Additionally, the same knees have an increased risk of worsening of these same features over time.