bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebral aneurysm clips in the 3-tesla magnetic field
Authors: Kakizawa Yukinari , Seguchi Tatsuya , Horiuchi Tetsuyoshi , Hongo Kazuhiro 
Published: July 2010

Object
The aim of this study was to evaluate cerebral aneurysm clips, and to know in more detail the characteristics of currently available clips in the 3-T magnetic field.

Methods
According to the protocol recommended by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), the authors conducted quantitative evaluation for displacement force and qualitative evaluation for torque in 52 aneurysm clips and 48 samples of raw materials in the 3-T environment.

Results
The largest displacement force occurred near the bore opening, and the force was directed to the isocenter. Deflection angles of all objects in this study were within 45°. The translational force in the peripheral position in the bore was larger than that in the center, and the translational force in the magnetic field was proportional to the weight of the objects. The proportion coefficients varied depending on the metallic materials. In the titanium alloy, the deflection angle was also detected to be approximately 2°, although no response was observed in titanium in a previous report. This behavior was similar to that of the Elgiloy and Phynox materials in the 1.5-T environment. No difference was observed among the groups of shapes (straight, bent, and fenestrated). The amount of torque that occurred was dependent on the clip's or material's loop and bent shape. The torque on the titanium was perpendicular to the torque on the other materials (which was perpendicular to the magnetic field).

Conclusions
Care must be taken with patients near the bore opening while moving them to the center of the magnet's bore on the MR imaging table. Although all the clips examined in this study met the ASTM requirements, the titanium alloy clips are preferable in the 3-T environment for safety's sake. Suitably sized clips should be selected for the aneurysm size, because the translational force increases proportionally to the object's weight.
Long-term follow-up of deep brain stimulation for Meige syndrome
Authors: Lyons Mark K. , Birch Barry D. , Hillman Renee A. , Boucher Orland K. , Evidente Virgilio Gerald H. 
Published: July 2010

Object
Meige syndrome is characterized by blepharospasm, cervical dystonia, and facial oromandibular dystonia. The medical treatment of this condition is largely unsuccessful over time and is a major source of decreased quality of life in those patients suffering from this disease. Recent advances in the application of deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery techniques for many disorders have prompted several recent reports of DBS for medically refractory cases of Meige syndrome. While the etiology for this disorder is unknown, it is considered by many investigators to be a form of idiopathic torsion dystonia. Pallidal stimulation is widely considered to be effective for dystonia.

Methods
The authors report the long-term results of bilateral globus pallidus internus (GPi) or subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation in 3 patients with Meige syndrome and 1 patient with Parkinson disease and associated craniofacial dystonia treated at their center.

Results
Initial 12-month and long-term follow-up Burke-Fahn-Marsden scores were substantially improved in all 4 patients compared with preoperative scores.

Conclusions
Bilateral GPi DBS may be an effective and safe treatment for medically refractory Meige syndrome. The results are comparable with those reported in the literature. Sustained and long-term improvement in symptoms does appear to be reproducible across reports. The authors' patient with Parkinson disease and associated craniofacial dystonia syndrome undergoing bilateral STN DBS noted immediate and sustained improvement in his symptoms. Further study is required, but these results, along with the other reports, suggest that bilateral GPi DBS is an effective treatment for medically refractory Meige syndrome.
Gene therapy for late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis: neurosurgical considerations
Authors: Souweidane Mark M. , Fraser Justin F. , Arkin Lisa M. , Sondhi Dolan , Hackett Neil R. , Kaminsky Stephen M. , Heier Linda , Kosofsky Barry E. , Worgall Stefan , Crystal Ronald G. , Kaplitt Michael G. 
Published: July 2010

Object
The authors conducted a phase I study of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis using an adenoassociated virus serotype 2 (AAV2) vector containing the deficient CLN2 gene (AAV2CUhCLN2). The operative technique, radiographic changes, and surgical complications are presented.

Methods
Ten patients with late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis disease each underwent infusion of AAV2CUhCLN2 (3 × 1012 particle units) into 12 distinct cerebral locations (2 depths/bur hole, 75 minutes/infusion, and 2 μl/minute). Innovative surgical techniques were developed to overcome several obstacles for which little or no established techniques were available. Successful infusion relied on preoperative stereotactic planning to optimize a parenchymal target and diffuse administration. Six entry sites, each having 2 depths of injections, were used to reduce operative time and enhance distribution. A low-profile rigid fixation system with 6 integrated holding arms was utilized to perform simultaneous infusions within a practical time frame. Dural sealant with generous irrigation was used to avoid CSF egress with possible subdural hemorrhage or altered stereotactic registration.

Results
Radiographically demonstrated changes were seen in 39 (65%) of 60 injection sites, confirming localization and infusion. There were no radiographically or clinically defined complications.

Conclusions
The neurosurgical considerations and results of this study are presented to offer guidance and a basis for the design of future gene therapy or other clinical trials in children that utilize direct therapeutic delivery.
Prevalence of tethered spinal cord in infants with VACTERL
Authors: O'Neill Brent R. , Yu Alexander K. , Tyler-Kabara Elizabeth C. 
Published: July 2010

Object
The term VACTERL represents a nonrandom association of birth defects including vertebral malformations, anal atresia, cardiac anomalies, tracheoesophageal fistulas (TEFs), renal anomalies, and limb malformations. Clinical experience and a few published case series suggest that a tethered spinal cord (TSC) occurs commonly in children with VACTERL, but to date, no study has defined the prevalence of TSC in patients with VACTERL. Such information would guide decisions about the appropriateness of screening spinal imaging.

Methods
The authors reviewed the charts of all patients discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit at Children's Hospital Pittsburgh in the past 14 years with the diagnosis of VACTERL, TEF, or anal atresia. During that period, the authors' protocol has been to use spinal ultrasound to screen this population for TSC. The charts were reviewed for the presence of a TSC requiring surgery and for the features of VACTERL.

Results
Thirty-three patients with VACTERL and adequate spinal imaging studies were identified. In 13 (39%) of these, a TSC requiring surgery was identified. Among patients without VACTERL, the incidence of TSC was 7.9% in those with anal atresia and 2.4% in those with TEF. False-negative ultrasounds were identified in 21.4% of patients with TSC.

Conclusions
Children with VACTERL should undergo MR imaging screening for TSC. In infants with anal atresia without VACTERL, the incidence of TSC is much lower than in those with VACTERL.
Transfer of the phrenic nerve to the posterior division of the lower trunk to recover thumb and finger extension in brachial plexus palsy
Authors: Lin Haodong , Hou Chunlin , Chen Aimin , Xu Zhen 
Published: July 2010

Object
Hand function is severely impaired in cases of lower root avulsion. In the present study, the authors investigated the clinical effectiveness and safety of phrenic nerve transfer to the posterior division of the lower trunk of the brachial plexus to recover thumb and finger extension.

Methods
Between 2004 and 2006, 10 patients with brachial plexus palsy underwent phrenic nerve transfer as part of a strategy for surgical reconstruction of their plexuses. The mean patient age of was 27.2 years (range 18–44 years), and the mean interval from injury to surgery was 5.7 months (range 3–9 months). The phrenic nerve was always transferred to the posterior division of the lower trunk.

Results
The follow-up of the patients ranged from 2.5 to 4.4 years, with an average follow-up length of 3.5 years. There were no major complications related to the surgery. Eight patients recovered to Grade 3 or better (Medical Research Council grade) in extensor digitorum strength, and 7 patients recovered to Grade 3 or better in extensor pollicis strength. None of the patients had any clinical signs or symptoms of respiratory insufficiency.

Conclusions
Satisfactory thumb and finger extension can be achieved by phrenic nerve transfer to the posterior division of the lower trunk of the brachial plexus. This procedure is simple and less traumatic than that of transferring the phrenic nerve to the radial nerve. It is indicated in cases in which the brachial plexus is relatively intact at the division level.
In Vivo Laser Confocal Microscopic Analysis of Corneal K-Structures After Keratorefractive Surgery (LASIK and Epi-LASIK)
Authors: Yokogawa Hideaki , Kobayashi Akira , Tagawa Kosaku , Sugiyama Kazuhisa 
Published: July 2010

Background and Objective:
To demonstrate alterations of corneal K-structures (sub-Bowman’s fibrous structures) after keratorefractive surgery by in vivo laser confocal microscopy and to look for association of K-structures with fluorescein-stained anterior corneal mosaic (ACM).

Patients and Methods:
Five patients (nine eyes) participated in this study. For four patients, one eye was evaluated after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and the other after epipolis-laser in situ keratomileusis (epi-LASIK). For one patient, the left eye was evaluated after epithelial debridement. A photograph of the ACM was obtained. Central corneal regions were scanned by Heidelberg Retina Tomograph 2 Rostock Cornea Module (Heidelberg Engineering GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany).

Results:
The ACM and K-structures disappeared in all corneas after epi-LASIK, but not after LASIK and epithelial debridement cornea.

Conclusion:
The presence of K-structures and ACM may be an index to identify eyes that had a previous refractive surgical procedure (surface ablation or LASIK) and be a health index of Bowman layer and adjacent anterior stroma.
Chemical, Mechanical, and Antibacterial Properties of Silver Nanocluster–Silica Composite Coatings Obtained by Sputtering
Authors: Ferraris Monica , Perero Sergio , Miola Marta , Ferraris Sara , Gautier Giovanna , Maina Giovanni , Fucale Giacomo , Verne Enrica 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSilver nanocluster–silica matrix composite coatings have been deposited by radio frequency (RF) co‐sputtering on silica substrates. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction spectra of the as deposited and heated samples (150–600 °C) revealed the presence of metal silver nanoclusters, their size depending on the heating treatment. The antibacterial activity of the as deposited and heated samples has been measured in accordance to National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, and it has been demonstrated on samples heated up to 450 °C in contact mode and for samples heated at 600 °C in a liquid environment. Their antibacterial activity was still present after gamma ray and ethylene oxide gas (EtO) sterilization of the samples. Silver leaching tests on the as deposited and heated samples has been measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer, revealing an amount ranging from 0.1 to 0.9 µg mm−2, over 28 days. Tape resistance (ASTM D3359‐97) and scratch resistance tests have been done on each sample revealing a good adhesion of the coatings on silica.
Preparation and Characterization of Gallium Releasing 3‐D Alginate Coated 45S5 Bioglass® Based Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Mouriño Viviana , Newby Phillipa , Boccaccini Aldo R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe aim of this work was to develop functional three‐dimensional scaffolds based on Bioglass® derived glass–ceramics for bone tissue engineering (TE) with prophylaxis effect against infections. The highly porous scaffolds were fabricated by the foam replication technique and then coated with sodium alginate crosslinked with Ga3+. It was confirmed that the polymer coating did not affect the interconnectivity of the scaffold pore structure. The resulting composite scaffold exhibited antibacterial effect and improved mechanical properties as well as high bioactivity. The novel Ga3+ loaded 45S5 Bioglass®‐based scaffolds coated with alginate are promising candidates for bone TE applications.
The Influence of Tetracycline Loading on the Surface Morphology and Biocompatibility of Films Made from P(3HB) Microspheres
Authors: Francis Lydia , Meng Decheng , Locke Ian C. , Mordan Nicola , Salih Vehid , Knowles Jonathan C. , Boccaccini Aldo R. , Roy Ipsita 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTetracycline, an antibiotic used against a broad range of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria was encapsulated in microspheres made of poly(3‐hydroxybutyric acid) P(3HB), a microbial biodegradable polymer isolated from Bacillus cereus SPV. The drug loaded microspheres were prepared using an oil emulsion technique and compressed uniaxially to produce films. Although the same fabrication conditions were used for preparing the drug loaded and unloaded microspheres, the presence of the drug changed the surface morphology and roughness of the films. The surface morphology of the drug loaded films appeared uneven and coarser and the roughness, with an average root mean square value of 5.89 µm, was significantly higher than that of the unloaded film. The in vitro biocompatibility of the films was investigated using a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) by comparing cell viability on the films to that on conventional tissue culture plastics. Both films appear to support cell growth but cell attachment and percentage cell viability were greater on the drug loaded films (32% of control) compared to the unloaded film (10% of control), possibly as a result of the non‐uniform surface morphology and increased roughness of the drug loaded film. Thus, the above results illustrate that the drug loaded films, in addition to being a suitable matrix for drug delivery, represent an improved substrate for keratinocyte cell attachment.
An Alternative Approach to Constructing Solution Processable Multifunctional Materials: Their Structure, Properties, and Application in High‐Performance Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Ye Shanghui , Liu Yunqi , Lu Kun , Wu Weiping , Du Chunyan , Liu Ying , Liu Hongtao , Wu Ti , Yu Gui 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA new series of full hydrocarbons, namely 4,4′‐(9,9′‐(1,3‐phenylene)bis(9H‐fluorene‐9,9‐diyl))bis(N,N‐diphenylaniline) (DTPAFB), N,N′‐(4,4′‐(9,9′‐(1,3‐phenylene)bis(9H‐fluorene‐9,9‐diyl))bis(4,1‐phenylene))bis(N‐phenylnaphthalen‐1‐amine) (DNPAFB), 1,3‐bis(9‐(4‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)phenyl)‐9H‐fluoren‐9‐yl)benzene, and 1,3‐bis(9‐(4‐(3,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)phenyl)‐9H‐fluoren‐9‐yl)benzene, featuring a highly twisted tetrahedral conformation, are designed and synthesized. Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) comprising DNPAFB and DTPAFB as hole transporting layers and tris(quinolin‐8‐yloxy)aluminum as an emitter are made either by vacuum deposition or by solution processing, and show much higher maximum efficiencies than the commonly used N,N′‐di(naphthalen‐1‐yl)‐N,N′‐diphenylbiphenyl‐4,4′‐diamine device (3.6 cd A−1) of 7.0 cd A−1 and 6.9 cd A−1, respectively. In addition, the solution processed blue phosphorescent OLEDs employing the synthesized materials as hosts and iridium (III) bis[(4,6‐di‐fluorophenyl)‐pyridinato‐N, C2] picolinate (FIrpic) phosphor as an emitter present exciting results. For example, the DTPAFB device exhibits a brightness of 47 902 cd m−2, a maximum luminescent efficiency of 24.3 cd A−1, and a power efficiency of 13.0 lm W−1. These results show that the devices are among the best solution processable blue phosphorescent OLEDs based on small molecules. Moreover, a new approach to constructing solution processable small molecules is proposed based on rigid and bulky fluorene and carbazole moieties combined in a highly twisted configuration, resulting in excellent solubility as well as chemical miscibility, without the need to introduce any solubilizing group such as an alkyl or alkoxy chain.
Self‐Assembled, Molecularly Aligned Conjugated Polymer Nanowires via Dewetting
Authors: Chang Shion Seng , Tsoi Wing C. , Higgins Anthony M. , Kim Ji‐Seon , Winfield Jessica M. , James David T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHigh aspect‐ratio poly(9,9′‐dioctylfluorene) (F8) nanowires are fabricated on top of silicon/amorphous Teflon substrates, by dewetting of F8 thin‐films. The conjugated nature of the polymers enables the self‐assembly of continuous molecularly‐aligned nanowires of several micrometers in length and tens of nanometers width, without using a template. The sizescale of the dewetted morphology can be controlled by varying the thickness of the F8 and amorphous Teflon layers. As predicted by van der Waals theory the characteristic sizescale of the dewetted morphology increases with F8 film thickness. However, the dependence of the characteristic sizescale on amorphous Teflon thickness is not accounted for, even qualitatively, by standard spinodal theory with van der Waals forces as the de‐stabilizing force across the F8 film. The Rayleigh instability is strongly suppressed in the F8 nanowires in the late stages of dewetting, compared to isotropic, amorphous polymers. Polarized Raman measurements show a systematic increase in molecular alignment along the axis of the nanowires as their width is reduced below the typical liquid‐crystalline domain size in polyfluorene films. Thus the dewetting process aligns the polymers, and the aligned polymers suppress the Rayleigh instability and enable the formation of high aspect‐ratio continuous nanowires.
Copper Azide Confined Inside Templated Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Pelletier Valarie , Bhattacharyya Sayan , Knoke Isabel , Forohar Farhad , Bichay Magdy , Gogotsi Yury 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe currently used primary explosives, such as lead azide and lead styphnate, present serious health hazards due to the toxicity of lead. There is a need to replace them with equally energetic but safer‐to‐handle and more environmentally friendly materials. Copper azide is more environmentally acceptable, but very sensitive and detonates easily from electrostatic charges during handling. If the highly sensitive copper azide is encapsulated within conducting containers, such as anodic aluminum oxide (AAO)‐templated carbon nanotubes (CNTs), its sensitivity can be tamed. This work describes a technique for confining energetic copper azide within CNTs. ∼5 nm colloidal copper oxide nanoparticles are synthesized and filled into the 200 nm diameter CNTs, produced by template synthesis. The Cu‐O inside the CNTs is reduced in hydrogen to copper, and reacted with hydrazoic acid gas to produce copper azide. Upon initiation, the 60 μm long straight, open‐ended CNTs guide decomposition gases along the tube channel without fracturing the nanotube walls. These novel materials have potential for applications as nano‐detonators and green primary explosives; they also offer new opportunities for understanding the physics of detonation at the nanoscale.
Sea turtle strandings reveal high anthropogenic mortality in Italian waters
Authors: Casale Paolo , Affronte Marco , Insacco Gianni , Freggi Daniela , Vallini Carola , Pino d'Astore Paola , Basso Roberto , Paolillo Giuseppe , Abbate Graziana , Argano Roberto 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Spatio‐temporal distribution and anthropogenic mortality factors were investigated in loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) found stranded or floating in the waters around Italy. A total of 5938 records for the period 1980–2008 were analysed concerning loggerhead turtles measuring from 3.8 to 97 cm curved carapace length (mean: 48.3 cm).
Results highlighted the following conservation issues: (i) in the study area, anthropogenic mortality is higher than natural mortality; (ii) interaction with fisheries is by far the most important anthropogenic mortality factor; (iii) longlines are an important mortality factor in the southern areas; (iv) trawlers are the cause of high numbers of dead strandings in the north Adriatic; (v) entanglement in ghost‐gear or in other anthropogenic debris affects high numbers of turtles; and (vi) boat strikes are an important source of mortality in most areas but mostly in the warm seasons.
Results also indicate that: (vii) the north Adriatic is the area with the highest turtle density; and (viii) the south Adriatic and to a lesser extent the surrounding areas of the north Adriatic and the Ionian, are important developmental areas for loggerhead turtles in the first years of life.
Italy is in the centre of the Mediterranean Sea and borders major foraging areas for the loggerhead turtles in the region, and these results confirm previous concerns about the level of anthropogenic mortality in Italian waters. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural and biochemical characteristics of the cyclotide kalata B5 from Oldenlandia affinis
Authors: Plan Manuel R. , Rosengren K. Johan , Sando Lillian , Daly Norelle L. , Craik David J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCyclotides are a large family of plant‐derived proteins typified by their head‐to‐tail cyclic backbone and knotted arrangement of three disulfide bonds. Although they display a diverse range of biological activities, their native function is thought to be plant defense. Here we characterized the expression, three‐dimensional structure, and hemolytic activity of the cyclotide kalata B5 from the African plant Oldenlandia affinis. Kalata B5 shows an interesting seasonal variation in its expression and can only be isolated during certain times of the year, when the plant is flowering. It displays a typical tightly folded cyclic cystine knot structure. A range of pH and temperature titrations reveal that a conserved glutamic acid in loop 1 of the structure forms a key hydrogen bond network, similar to that reported previously for other cyclotides. However, specific line broadening in the NMR spectra of kalata B5 suggests that the hydrogen bonding network in this peptide is less rigid than in other cyclotides. Notably, the pKa of Glu6 of 4.5 is higher than the values for other cyclotides studied so far, which range from 3.0 to 4.0, providing a further indication of a weaker hydrogen bond network. Kalata B5 has only moderate hemolytic activity compared with other highly expressed cyclotides, and this reduced activity probably reflects its more flexible structure. As is the case with other cyclotides, kalata B5 has an exposed hydrophobic region on its surface, supporting suggestions that this hydrophobic patch is a key feature for membrane binding and biological activity of cyclotides. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 94: 647–658, 2010.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com