bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Varying recurrence rates and risk factors associated with different definitions of local recurrence in patients with surgically resected, stage I nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Varlotto John M. , Recht Abram , Flickinger John C. , Medford‐Davis Laura N. , Dyer Anne‐Marie , DeCamp Malcolm M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to examine the effects of different definitions of local recurrence on the reported patterns of failure and associated risk factors in patients who undergo potentially curative resection for stage I nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).METHODS:The study included 306 consecutive patients who were treated from 2000 to 2005 without radiotherapy. Local recurrence was defined either as “radiation” (r‐LR) (according to previously defined postoperative radiotherapy fields), including the bronchial stump, staple line, ipsilateral hilum, and ipsilateral mediastinum; or as “comprehensive” (c‐LR), including the same sites plus the ipsilateral lung and contralateral mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes. All recurrences that were not classified as “local” were considered to be distal.RESULTS:The median follow‐up was 33 months. The proportions of c‐LR and r‐LR at 2 years, 3 years, and 5 years were 14%, 21%, and 29%, respectively, and 7%, 12%, and 16%, respectively. Significant risk factors for c‐LR on multivariate analysis were diabetes, lymphatic vascular invasion, and tumor size; and significant factors for r‐LR were resection of less than a lobe and lymphatic vascular invasion. The proportions of distant (nonlocal) recurrence using these definitions at 2 years, 3 years, and 5 years were 10%, 12%, and 18%, respectively, and 14%, 19%, and 29%, respectively. Significant risk factors for distant failure were histology when using the c‐LR definition and tumor size when using the r‐LR definition.CONCLUSIONS:Local recurrence increased nearly 2‐fold when a broad definition was used instead of a narrow definition. The definition also affected which factors were associated significantly with both local and distant failure on multivariate analysis. Comparable definitions must be used when analyzing different series. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
A finite‐volume method for solids with a rotational degrees of freedom based on the 6‐node triangle
Authors: Pan Wenke , Wheel Marcus 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA novel vertex‐centred finite‐volume (FV) method is presented for determining the displacement field in loaded 2D structures. The solid is discretized into 6‐node finite elements (FE) and the standard 6‐node FE shape function is employed to describe the displacement variation in each element. However, the displacements of the midside nodes are replaced with the displacements and the rotations of the two neighbouring edge nodes. Thus, only the control volumes centred around each vertex node of the triangular element are required. These control volumes are constructed by joining lines between the centre of the element and the midside nodes. The force equilibrium in two perpendicular directions and one in‐plane moment equilibrium equation is derived for each control volume. By solving the system of equations, the displacements and the rotations of the vertex nodes can be obtained and then the displacements of the midside nodes can be calculated. Following this, the strain and the stress can be determined through the relationship between strain and displacement, and stress and strain, respectively. The results of simulation show that this novel FV method is not only better than the previously derived 3‐node triangle FV method with rotational degrees of freedom, but also better than the 3‐node FE method with rotations, and can also compete with the 6‐node triangle FE method. In addition, no locking problem was encountered as the value of Poisson's ratio of the elastic material approached 0.5. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surgical correction of scoliosis: Numerical analysis and optimization of the procedure
Authors: Aguilar Madeira J. F. , Pina H. L. , Pires E. B. , Monteiro J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA previously developed model is used to numerically simulate real clinical cases of the surgical correction of scoliosis. This model consists of one‐dimensional finite elements with spatial deformation in which (i) the column is represented by its axis; (ii) the vertebrae are assumed to be rigid; and (iii) the deformability of the column is concentrated in springs that connect the successive rigid elements. The metallic rods used for the surgical correction are modeled by beam elements with linear elastic behavior. To obtain the forces at the connections between the metallic rods and the vertebrae geometrically, non‐linear finite element analyses are performed. The tightening sequence determines the magnitude of the forces applied to the patient column, and it is desirable to keep those forces as small as possible. In this study, a Genetic Algorithm optimization is applied to this model in order to determine the sequence that minimizes the corrective forces applied during the surgery. This amounts to find the optimal permutation of integers 1, …,n,nbeing the number of vertebrae involved. As such, we are faced with a combinatorial optimization problem isomorph to the Traveling Salesman Problem. The fitness evaluation requires one computing intensive Finite Element Analysis per candidate solution and, thus, a parallel implementation of the Genetic Algorithm is developed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A numerical model of neonatal pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum and RV‐dependent coronary flow
Authors: Mynard J. P. , Davidson M. R. , Penny D. J. , Smolich J. J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe developed a numerical model of the neonatal arterial and coronary circulations in the context of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PAIVS). PAIVS is a congenital heart defect characterized by a blocked pulmonary valve orifice and elevated right ventricular (RV) pressure, and is often associated with an abnormal connection (fistula) between the RV cavity and a coronary artery (e.g. the left anterior descending artery, LAD). A proximal coronary stenosis is also common and can result in RV‐dependent coronary flow, where decompression of the RV by surgical repair of the atresia leads to compromised coronary flow (ischaemia). Using a combined one‐dimensional and lumped parameter model, we simulated PAIVS to investigate the effects of an RV‐LAD fistula, LAD stenosis and RV decompression on coronary haemodynamics. We also simulated coronary collaterals, which develop in response to inadequate blood flow, and found that these may provide little protection against ischaemia in the setting of PAIVS with RV‐LAD fistula and LAD stenosis if collateral flow is preferentially directed to the low‐resistance fistula. While the focus of this study was PAIVS, the techniques presented may be applied to a variety of complex congenital heart defects that include abnormal vascular connections and unusual coronary anatomy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A linguistic interpretation of Welford's hijack hypothesis
Authors: Brown Mark 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis paper makes a linguistic reinterpretation of Welford's 1997 hijack hypothesis, arguing that the hijack of the discourse of the radical environment is simply a process of appropriation, i.e., the adoption of particular words in order to make use of them within the green corporations' own frames of experience. Results are presented from an empirical study using two large ‘databases’ of language. These are electronic collections of texts taken from British environmental organizations – the radical non‐governmental organizations (NGOs), and UK corporations that wish to be environmentally friendly – green business. The results show that there are very marked differences in the physical contextualization of a selection of words which are used by both the radical NGOs and green business. The paper concludes by noting the need to take the analysis a stage further by comparing the usage of particular words by the two discourse communities. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
A reinterpretation of the principles of CSR: a pragmatic approach
Authors: Blindheim* Bjørn‐Tore , Langhelle Oluf 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTheories of Corporate Social Performance (CSP) have been criticized for lacking a clear normative theory of business in society capable of prescribing how management practice can reasonable move from ‘what is’ to ‘what should be’. This paper argues for a pragmatic approach to the role and responsibility of business in society in which the normative deficiencies of CPS theory can be strengthened through democratic iterations over some or the other ethical treatise, and thus come to constitute a justified foundation for companies' efforts in the societal arena. We illustrate our approach to a normative theory of business in society by reinterpreting the principles of corporate social responsibility (CSR) – constituting the normative foundation of CSP theory – from the vantage point of sustainable development. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Culture and sustainability
Authors: Packalén Sture 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSustainability is only attainable if we regard it as a culture‐transforming, creative project for the entire society. It is therefore important to discuss the potential of art and culture for shaping a desirable future. A vital culture and sustainable development go hand in hand. Sustainability can be seen as a constant, ongoing process of searching and self‐reflection about our present and our future. The search must consist of a constant review of social norms, values, and practical approaches. The search and reflection need culture as a medium to give shape to the communication that is necessary in order for sustainable development to come about in the economic, ecological and social spheres. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Heterokaryotic nuclear conditions and a heterogeneous nuclear population are observed by flow cytometry in Phytophthora infestans
Authors: Catal Mursel , King Louis , Tumbalam Pavani , Wiriyajitsomboon Prissana , Kirk William W. , Adams Gerard C. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA simple and reliable method for preparation of whole nuclei of a common oomycete, Phytophthora infestans, is described for laser flow cytometry. The ease of preparation, the absence of detectable debris and aggregates, and the precision in determinations of DNA content per nucleus improve interpretation and understanding of the genetics of the organism. Phytophthora infestans is the pathogen that causes potato and tomato late blight. The genetic flexibility of P. infestans and other oomycete pathogens has complicated understanding of the mechanisms of variation contributing to shifts in race structure and virulence profiles on important agricultural crops. Significant phenotypic and genotypic changes are being reported in the apparent absence of sexual recombination in the field. Laser flow cytometry with propidium iodide is useful in investigating the nuclear condition of the somatic colony of field strains of P. infestans. The majority of the studied strains contain a single population of nuclei in nonreplicated diplophase. However, mean DNA content per nucleus varies considerably among isolates confirming the heterogeneity of the nuclear population in regard to C‐value, for field isolates. Nuclear DNA content varies from 1.75× to 0.75× that of nuclei in a standard strain from central Mexico. Some strains contain two to three populations of nuclei with differing DNA contents in the mycelium and are heterokaryons. Such a range in DNA content suggests DNA‐aneuploidy, but direct confirmation of aneuploidy will require microscopy of chromosomes. Heterokaryosis and populations of nuclei of differing DNA content necessarily confound standardized assays used worldwide in crop breeding programs for determination of race profiles and virulence phenotypes of this important pathogen. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Flow cytometric profiles, biomolecular and morphological aspects of transfixed leukocytes and red cells
Authors: Canonico Barbara , Betti Michele , Luchetti Francesca , Battistelli Michela , Falcieri Elisabetta , Ferri Paola , Zamai Loris , Barnett David , Papa Stefano 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground:We evaluated the effects of the TransFixTM short‐term stabilization technique on leukocyte subpopulations in both optimal and adverse storage temperatures and on different cellular concentrations. Particularly, we analyzed DNA cell content and membrane structure also for erythrocytes using a multiparametric approach.Methods:We studied biomolecular and morphological aspects of transfixed cells, by means of SEM, TEM, Western blotting, and by flow cytometry (FC). Furthermore, FC, Tunel, and electrophoresis were applied to evaluate DNA behavior.Results:We confirm preservation of scatter characteristics and immunophenotyping, extending such evaluations to cells stored in suboptimal conditions (25°C and 37°C) and in high density. Data demonstrate for lymphomonocytic cells an optimal conservation, slightly decreasing at higher temperatures for both 1/5 and 1/10 ratio (TransFix™/sample), with enhanced autofluorescence. Eosinophils, basophils, and neutrophils are shown to preserve differently over time. The three different cellular concentrations evaluated (30,000–120,000 cell/μl) demonstrate substantial stability in FI values. Furthermore DNA content analysis attests the absence of any apoptotic pattern. Transfixed red cell protein profile as well as their morphological features appears almost unaltered.Conclusions:Cytometric performance is suboptimal in aged unfixed specimens because of apoptosis that affects light scatter properties. Our findings highlight that lymphomonocytic cells are well stabilized even at suboptimal temperature and cell density. TransFix™ is able to abolish any apoptotic features and acts as an optimal blood preservative for appropriate preanalytical stabilization. © 2010 Clinical Cytometry Society
The storm and stress of adolescence: Insights from human imaging and mouse genetics
Authors: Casey B.J. , Jones Rebecca M. , Levita Liat , Libby Victoria , Pattwell Siobhan S. , Ruberry Erika J. , Soliman Fatima , Somerville Leah H. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe characterization of adolescence as a time of “storm and stress” remains an open debate. Intense and frequent negative affect during this period has been hypothesized to explain the increased rates of affective disorders, suicide, and accidental death during this time of life. Yet some teens emerge from adolescence with minimal turmoil. We provide a neurobiological model of adolescence that proposes an imbalance in the development of subcortical limbic (e.g., amygdala) relative to prefrontal cortical regions as a potential mechanism for heightened emotionality during this period. Empirical support for this model is provided from recent behavioral and human imaging studies on the development of emotion regulation. We then provide examples of environmental factors that may exacerbate imbalances in amygdala‐ventrofrontal function increasing risk for anxiety related behaviors. Finally we present data from human and mouse studies to illustrate how genetic factors may enhance or diminish this risk. Together, these studies provide a converging methods approach for understanding the highly variable stress and turmoil experienced in adolescence. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 225–235, 2010
Proinsulin C‐peptide prevents type‐1 diabetes‐induced decrease of renal Na+‐K+‐ATPase α1‐subunit in rats
Authors: Nordquist Lina , Shimada Kohei , Ishii Tatsuya , Furuya Daniela Tomie , Kamikawa Akihiro , Kimura Kazuhiro 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAims/HypothesisC‐peptide reduces renal damage in diabetic patients and experimental animal models. In vitro studies suggest that the renal effects of C‐peptide may, in part, be explained by stimulation of Na+/K+‐ATPase activity. However, the responses of Na+/K+‐ATPase expression in the kidney of diabetic animals to C‐peptide administration remain unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify the responses.MethodsType 1 diabetic rats were produced by injecting streptozotocin (STZ), and some of the rats were treated with either C‐peptide or insulin by the aid of an osmotic pump for 1 week. The mRNA expression and immunohistochemical localization of Na+/K+‐ATPase α1‐, α2‐ and β3‐subunits were investigated in the kidney of these rats.ResultsNa+/K+‐ATPase α1‐subunit was abundantly expressed in the medullary collecting ducts of control animals, but the expression was markedly decreased in the diabetic state with concomitant decrease in its mRNA expression. Similar decreases were observed in the insulin‐treated diabetic rats, whereas in the C‐peptide‐treated diabetic rats, there was no reduction in the α1‐expression. The β3‐subunit was expressed in podocytes and parietal cells in the glomeruli, vascular endothelial cells, and cortical collecting ducts, but lesser signals were observed in the proximal and distal tubules. However, the β3‐subunit did not appear to be affected by the diabetic state.ConclusionsDiabetes selectively reduced Na+/K+‐ATPase α1‐subunit expression and abundance. Chronic administration of C‐peptide prevented this decrease. This implies a role for C‐peptide in the long‐term regulation of Na+/K+‐ATPase function. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of Free and Total Glycerol in Biodiesel Using an Electrochemical Assay Based on a Two‐Enzyme Oxygen‐Electrode System
Authors: Luetkmeyer Tacia , dos Santos Rosana Monteiro , da Silva Adriana Barbosa , Amado Roberto Salgado , de Castro Vieira Eduardo , D'Elia Eliane 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this work, an electroenzymatic methodology based on two coupled enzymatic activities (glycerokinase and glycerol‐3‐phosphate oxidase) was developed using an oxygen Clark‐type electrode for the determination of free and total glycerol in biodiesel samples. The enzymatic conversion of glycerol consumes oxygen, which is measured amperometrically in a Clark‐type electrode and correlated with the concentration of glycerol in the sample. The electroenzymatic method proposed showed a good linear correlation coefficient (R=0.9990) with a linear response in the concentration range of 6.25×10−5 to 6.25×10−4% (w/v) and limits of detection and quantification at 1.0×10−5% and 3.0×10−5% (w/v), respectively. Good correlations were found between the results obtained in this work and those by the gas chromatography technique (R=0.9994). The proposed method was shown to be promising for the analysis of glycerol in biodiesel samples, with a simple and inexpensive methodology compared with the gas chromatography technique.
Methylated Azopyridine as a New Electron Transfer Mediator for the Electrocatalytic Oxidation of NADH
Authors: Safavi Afsaneh , Moradlou Omran , Saadatifar Mostafa 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCarbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE) has been modified with a new synthesized mediator i.e. N,N′‐dimethyl‐4,4′‐azopyridinium hexafluorophosphate (MAZPHP) via sol process and the electron transfer mediating characteristics of this mediator has been evaluated. 4,4′‐Azopyridine (AZP) did not show any electrocatalytic activity toward the selected probe, NADH, while its synthesized methylated derivative, MAZPHP, is a very efficient mediator for the electrocatalytic NADH oxidation. Cyclic voltammetry of MAZPHP/Sol/CILE exhibited a pair of reversible peaks corresponding to incorporated mediator with a formal potential of about 221 mV vs. Ag/AgCl. MAZPHP/Sol/CILE is free from fouling effects by the oxidation products of NADH which generally give hindrance to amperometric detection of NADH. Using amperometric technique, NADH can be determined in the range of 1.0×10−5 M to 1.4×10−3 M with a detection limit of 2.0×10−6 M.
Electrocatalytic Reduction and Determination of Iodate and Periodate at Silicomolybdate‐Incorporated‐Glutaraldehyde‐ Cross‐Linked Poly‐L‐lysine Film Electrodes
Authors: Pan Yu‐Ching , Thangamuthu R. , Chen Shen‐Ming 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe present work describes reduction of iodate (IO3−), and periodate (IO4−) at silicomolybdate‐doped‐glutaraldehyde‐cross‐linked poly‐L‐lysine (PLL‐GA‐SiMo) film coated glassy carbon electrode in 0.1 M H2SO4. In our previous study, we were able to prepare the PLL‐GA‐SiMo film modified electrode by means of electrostatically trapping SiMo12O404− mediator in the cationic film of PLL‐GA, and the voltammetric investigation in pure supporting indicated that the charge transport through the film was fast. Here, the electrocatalytic activity of PLL‐GA‐SiMo film electrode towards iodate and periodate was tested and subsequently used for analytical determination of these analytes by amperometry. The two electron reduced species of SiMo12O404− anion was responsible for the electrocatalytic reduction of IO3− at PLL‐GA‐SiMo film electrode while two and six electron reduced species were showed electrocatalytic activity towards IO4− reduction. Under optimized experimental conditions of amperometry, the linear concentration range and sensitivity are 2.5×10−6 to 1.1×10−2 M and 18.47 μA mM−1 for iodate, and 5×10−6 to 1.43×10−4 M and 1014.7 μA mM−1 for periodate, respectively.
Electrochemical Oxidation of Epinephrine and Uric Acid at a Layered Double Hydroxide Film Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode and Its Application
Authors: Ni Fang , Wang Yinling , Zhang Dandan , Gao Feng , Li Maoguo 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIncreasing attention has been paid to layered double hydroxide (LDH) film modified electrode attributing to its desirable properties for fabrication of electrochemical sensor. In this paper, the Zn‐Al LDH film modified glassy carbon electrode was characterized by electrochemical methods. The enhanced electrocatalytic currents and well‐separated potentials for epinephrine (EP) and uric acid (UA) were observed at the as‐prepared electrode. Under selected condition, the differential pulse voltammetry response of the modified electrode to EP (or UA) shows a linear concentration range of 0.5 μM to 0.3 mM (or 2 μM to 0.4 mM) in the presence of 10.0 μM UA (or 20.0 μM EP). At a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3, the calculated limits of detection are 0.13 μM and 0.66 μM, respectively. The proposed method has been performed to successfully detect EP and UA in analysis of real samples, such as in EP injection solution and human urine samples.
Determination of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in Aqueous Solutions Containing Food Chelators by Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry
Authors: Scheers Nathalie , Andlid Thomas , Alminger Marie , Sandberg Ann‐Sofie 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe objective was to investigate interactions between iron and food chelators in an aqueous environment. The net complexation were investigated by DPASV in a NaClO4 electrolyte using a platinum electrode. The experimental conditions were simulating the environment of the human duodenum. The results indicated a net coordination affinity between Fe2+ and the organic acids in the following order; ascorbic acid≈phytate>pyruvate>lactate>acetate. For Fe3+ net complexation, the stability was in the order of lactate>phytate>pyruvate>acetate>citrate. In conclusion, DPASV in conjunction with a platinum electrode is suitable for studies in aqueous systems where the net complexation of metal is important.