bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insight into Bacterial Virulence Mechanisms against Host Immune Response via the Yersinia pestis-Human Protein-Protein Interaction Network
Authors: Yang Huiying , Ke Yuehua , Wang Jian , Tan Yafang , Myeni Sebenzile K. , Li Dong , Shi Qinghai , Yan Yanfeng , Chen Hui , Guo Zhaobiao , Yuan Yanzhi , Yang Xiaoming , Yang Ruifu , Du Zongmin 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

A
Yersinia pestis
-human protein interaction network is reported here to improve our understanding of its pathogenesis. Up to 204 interactions between 66
Y. pestis
bait proteins and 109 human proteins were identified by yeast two-hybrid assay and then combined with 23 previously published interactions to construct a protein-protein interaction network. Topological analysis of the interaction network revealed that human proteins targeted by
Y. pestis
were significantly enriched in the proteins that are central in the human protein-protein interaction network. Analysis of this network showed that signaling pathways important for host immune responses were preferentially targeted by
Y. pestis
, including the pathways involved in focal adhesion, regulation of cytoskeleton, leukocyte transendoepithelial migration, and Toll-like receptor (TLR) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Cellular pathways targeted by
Y. pestis
are highly relevant to its pathogenesis. Interactions with host proteins involved in focal adhesion and cytoskeketon regulation pathways could account for resistance of
Y. pestis
to phagocytosis. Interference with TLR and MAPK signaling pathways by
Y. pestis
reflects common characteristics of pathogen-host interaction that bacterial pathogens have evolved to evade host innate immune response by interacting with proteins in those signaling pathways. Interestingly, a large portion of human proteins interacting with
Y. pestis
(16/109) also interacted with viral proteins (Epstein-Barr virus [EBV] and hepatitis C virus [HCV]), suggesting that viral and bacterial pathogens attack common cellular functions to facilitate infections. In addition, we identified vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) as a novel interaction partner of YpkA and showed that YpkA could inhibit
in vitro
actin assembly mediated by VASP.
High-risk behaviour in steady and in casual relationships among men who have sex with men in Israel
Authors: Mor Zohar , Davidovich Udi , Bessudu-Manor Niva , McFarlane Mary , Feldshtein Gil , Chemtob Daniel 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveTo explore the differences in sexual risk behaviour between men who have sex with men (MSM) with steady partners versus casual partner(s) in the gay community.MethodsThis online cross-sectional convenience-sampling study assessed MSM practices, their knowledge and their motivation regarding safe sex. Participants not knowing their HIV status or who performed insertive or receptive unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) or with a sex partner whose HIV status was unknown or discordant were considered ‘at-risk’.ResultsOf all 2569 participants who completed the questionnaire, 907/2569 (35.3%) had a steady partner, and 896/2569 (34.9%) had a casual partner(s) in the past 6 months. 262/907 (28.9%) with steady partners and 248/896 (27.7%) with casual partners demonstrated at-risk sexual behaviour. Of all participants with steady partners, 108/907 (11.9%) performed UAI with their partner without undergoing mutual HIV testing. Of all participants with steady partners, 476/907 (52.5%) had a concurrent casual partner, and 144/476 (30.3%) performed UAI with both the steady and the casual partner. Of all participants with steady partners, 775/907 (85.4%) negotiated the possibility of sex outside their relationship with their main partner. The length of the steady relationship correlated with the number of concurrent casual partners.ConclusionsAt-risk sexual behaviour was associated with insufficient negotiation skills, difficulties in condom use and a general risk-taking profile. Health educators should encourage MSM with steady partners to perform HIV testing before practising UAI, to improve their negotiation skills during the contact and to support open discussions with regard to sexual contact besides the steady relationship, as it may not be monogamous.
A Reconstruction of Madden–Julian Oscillation Variability from 1905 to 2008
Authors: Oliver Eric C. J. , Thompson Keith R. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe most widely accepted characterization of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is the bivariate index developed by Wheeler and Hendon. This index relies in part on satellite-based observations of outgoing longwave radiation and thus is not defined for the presatellite era. The MJO is known to have a strong signature in surface pressure, and daily measurements of this variable are available as far back as the late nineteenth century. This study undertakes a statistical reconstruction of the Wheeler and Hendon MJO index from 1905 to 2008 based on tropical surface pressures estimated recently by the twentieth-century reanalysis project. The temporal and spectral properties of the reconstructed index are first shown to be consistent with the Wheeler and Hendon index over the common period (1979–2008). The reconstructed index is then validated over the earlier period (1905–1978) by examining its relationship with cloud cover, surface wind, precipitation, and sea level. These relationships are shown to be consistent with corresponding results obtained from the Wheeler and Hendon index over the shared period and stable over the earlier period. Finally, a simple damped harmonic oscillator model is used to gain new insights into the predictability of the MJO index and also demonstrate consistency between the reconstructed index and the Wheeler and Hendon index. These results give confidence in the validity of the historical reconstruction of the MJO index over the last century.
Factors Associated With the Career Choices of Hematology and Medical Oncology Fellows Trained at Academic Institutions in the United States
Authors: Horn Leora , Koehler Elizabeth , Gilbert Jill , Johnson David H. 
Published: September 2011

Purpose Factors that influence hematology-oncology fellows' choice of academic medicine as a career are not well defined. We undertook a survey of hematology-oncology fellows training at cancer centers designated by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) to understand the factors fellows consider when making career decisions. Methods Program directors at all NCI and NCCN cancer centers were invited to participate in the study. For the purpose of analysis, fellows were grouped into three groups on the basis of interest in an academic career. Demographic data were tested with the Kruskal-Wallis test and χ2 test, and nondemographic data were tested by using the multiscale bootstrap method. Results Twenty-eight of 56 eligible fellowship programs participated, and 236 fellows at participating institutions responded (62% response rate). Approximately 60% of fellows graduating from academic programs in the last 5 years chose academic career paths. Forty-nine percent of current fellows ranked an academic career as extremely important. Fellows choosing an academic career were more likely to have presented and published their research. Additional factors associated with choosing an academic career included factors related to mentorship, intellect, and practice type. Fellows selecting nonacademic careers prioritized lifestyle in their career decision. Conclusion Recruitment into academic medicine is essential for continued progress in the field. Our data suggest that fewer than half the current fellows training at academic centers believe a career in academic medicine is important. Efforts to improve retention in academics should include focusing on mentorship, research, and career development during fellowship training and improving the image of academic physicians.
Treatment of Polycythemia Vera With Hydroxyurea and Pipobroman: Final Results of a Randomized Trial Initiated in 1980
Authors: Kiladjian Jean-Jacques , Chevret Sylvie , Dosquet Christine , Chomienne Christine , Rain Jean-Didier 
Published: September 2011

Purpose The overall impact of hydroxyurea (HU) or pipobroman treatments on the long-term outcome of patients with polycythemia vera (PV) has not been assessed in randomized studies. We report final analyses from the French Polycythemia Study Group (FPSG) study, which randomly assigned HU versus pipobroman as first-line therapy in 285 patients younger than age 65 years. Patients and Methods The full methodology has been described previously. FPSG results were updated with a median follow-up of 16.3 years. Statistical analysis was performed by using competing risks on the intention-to-treat population and according to main treatment received. Results Median survival was 17 years for the whole cohort, 20.3 years for the HU arm, and 15.4 years for the pipobroman arm (P = .008) and differed significantly from that in the general population. At 10, 15, and 20 years, cumulative incidence of acute myeloid leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome (AML/MDS) was 6.6%, 16.5%, and 24% in the HU arm and 13%, 34%, and 52% in the pipobroman arm (P = .004). Cumulative myelofibrosis incidence at 10, 15, and 20 years according to main treatment received was 15%, 24%, and 32% with HU versus 5%, 10%, and 21% with pipobroman (P = .02). Conclusion Data from this unique randomized trial comparing HU with another cytoreductive drug in PV showed that (1) survival of patients with PV treated with conventional agents differed from survival in the general population, (2) evolution to AML/MDS is the first cause of death, (3) pipobroman is leukemogenic and is unsuitable for first-line therapy, and (4) incidence of evolution to AML/MDS with HU is higher than previously reported, although consideration should be given to the natural evolution of PV.
Endothelial NO/cGMP/VASP Signaling Attenuates Kupffer Cell Activation and Hepatic Insulin Resistance Induced by High-Fat Feeding
Authors: Tateya Sanshiro , Rizzo Norma O. , Handa Priya , Cheng Andrew M. , Morgan-Stevenson Vicki , Daum Guenter , Clowes Alexander W. , Morton Gregory J. , Schwartz Michael W. , Kim Francis 
Published: September 2011

OBJECTIVE
Proinflammatory activation of Kupffer cells is implicated in the effect of high-fat feeding to cause liver insulin resistance. We sought to determine whether reduced endothelial nitric oxide (NO) signaling contributes to the effect of high-fat feeding to increase hepatic inflammatory signaling and if so, whether this effect 1) involves activation of Kupffer cells and 2) is ameliorated by increased NO signaling.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Effect of NO/cGMP signaling on hepatic inflammation and on isolated Kupffer cells was examined in C57BL/6 mice, eNos−/− mice, and Vasp−/− mice fed a low-fat or high-fat diet.

RESULTS
We show that high-fat feeding induces proinflammatory activation of Kupffer cells in wild-type mice coincident with reduced liver endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity and NO content while, conversely, enhancement of signaling downstream of endogenous NO by phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition protects against high fat–induced inflammation in Kupffer cells. Furthermore, proinflammatory activation of Kupffer cells is evident in eNos−/− mice even on a low-fat diet. Targeted deletion of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), a key downstream target of endothelially derived NO, similarly predisposes to hepatic and Kupffer cell inflammation and abrogates the protective effect of NO signaling in both macrophages and hepatocytes studied in a cell culture model.

CONCLUSIONS
These results collectively imply a physiological role for endothelial NO to limit obesity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance in hepatocytes and support a model in which Kupffer cell activation during high-fat feeding is dependent on reduced NO signaling. Our findings also identify the NO/VASP pathway as a novel potential target for the treatment of obesity-associated liver insulin resistance.
The Effect of Ceramic Restoration Shade and Thickness on the Polymerization of Light- and Dual-cure Resin Cements
Authors: Kilinc E , Antonson SA , Hardigan PC , Kesercioglu A 
Published: September 2011

Clinical Relevance
Resin cements are generally considered as the material of choice in cementation of all-ceramic restorations. The decision between light- and dual-cure resin cement may depend on the properties of the ceramic restoration as well as the location of the tooth. The ceramic thickness has a more intense effect on polymerization than ceramic shade.
Cross-Compatibility of Methacrylate-Based Resin Composites and Etch-and-Rinse One-Bottle Adhesives
Authors: Sabatini C , Campillo M , Hoelz S , Davis EL , Munoz CA 
Published: September 2011

Clinical Relevance
Cross-compatibility between different combinations of methacrylate-based resin composites and etch-and-rinse one-bottle adhesives was evidenced for products from different manufacturers. This represents a desirable property of adhesives as it allows the flexibility to select different composite systems based on the specific restorative needs.
Effect of Prewarming and/or Delayed Light Activation on Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Bond Strength to Tooth Structures
Authors: Khoroushi M , Karvandi TM , Sadeghi R 
Published: September 2011

Clinical Relevance
Bond strength might improve by delaying the light activation procedure when a cavity conditioner is used for bonding RMGI to enamel. Conversely, delaying the light activation and/or prewarming of RMGI compromises bond strength to dentin and should be avoided.
A Field Guide to Radical Post‐Modernism
Authors:   FAT
Published: September 2011

AbstractSean Griffiths, Charles Holland and Sam Jacob of FAT curate and classify the work of a diverse and international grouping of Radical Post‐Modern architects. They range from the recently defunct Foreign Office Architects (FOA), known for their proclivity for pattern and ornament, to Tokyo‐based Atelier Bow‐Wow who are rigorous in their pursuit of the ordinary. They run the gamut of the highly figurative, as exemplified by Melbourne‐based practice ARM, to the expressive austerity of Swiss architect Valerio Olgiati. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Having a son or daughter with Down syndrome: Perspectives from mothers and fathers
Authors: Skotko Brian G. , Levine Susan P. , Goldstein Richard 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis study asks parents who have children with Down syndrome (DS) how they feel about their lives so that such information could be shared with expectant couples during prenatal counseling sessions. A valid and reliable survey instrument was mailed to 4,924 households on the mailing lists of six non‐profit DS organizations. Of the 2,044 respondents, 99% reported that they love their son or daughter; 97% were proud of them; 79% felt their outlook on life was more positive because of them; 5% felt embarrassed by them; and 4% regretted having them. The parents report that 95% of their sons or daughters without DS have good relationships with their siblings with DS. The overwhelming majority of parents surveyed report that they are happy with their decision to have their child with DS and indicate that their sons and daughters are great sources of love and pride. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nonlinear transport through quantum dots studied by the time‐dependent DMRG
Authors: Kirino S. , Ueda K. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractRecent developments on studies of transport through quantum dots obtained by applying the time‐dependent density matrix renormalization group method are summarized. Some new aspects of Kondo physics which appear in nonequilibrium steady states are discussed both for the single dot case and for the serially coupled double‐quantum‐dot case.
Electron‐lattice correlations and phase transitions in CMR manganites
Authors: Moshnyaga V. , Samwer K. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractInterrelations between global and local structure and magnetism and transport in three‐dimensional perovskite manganites is reviewed and compared with recent studies on thin films and superlattices. The concept of correlated Jahn‐Teller (JT) polarons is discussed within the phase separation scenario; their role in the local and global structural modifications of manganites is demonstrated. Polaron correlations, affected by external control parameters (temperature, electric and magnetic fields, doping, light, strain) may be very efficient to modify the ground state of manganites. Examples of electronic control of the structure by means of interface modifications, electric field and mechanical strain are highlighted.
RNA interference of cofilin in Chinese hamster ovary cells improves recombinant protein productivity
Authors: Hammond Stephanie , Lee Kelvin H. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractRNA interference (RNAi) has been recently applied to improve the yield and quality of recombinant proteins produced in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, the most commonly used mammalian cell line for production of complex biopharmaceuticals. Proteomic profiling of CHO cells undergoing gene amplification identified cofilin, a key regulatory protein of actin cytoskeletal dynamics, as a cellular target for genetic engineering studies. Transient reduction of cofilin by small interfering RNA (siRNA) enhanced specific productivity in recombinant CHO cells by up to 80%. CHO cell lines expressing cofilin‐specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA) vectors showed up to a 65% increase in specific productivity. These results suggest that modulation of cofilin, and its regulatory pathways, may be a new approach to enhance recombinant protein productivity in CHO cells. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:528–535. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Zinc‐Catalyzed Chemoselective Reduction of Tertiary and Secondary Amides to Amines
Authors: Das Shoubhik , Addis Daniele , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias 
Published: September 2011

AbstractGeneral and convenient procedures for the catalytic hydrosilylation of secondary and tertiary amides under mild conditions have been developed. In the presence of inexpensive zinc catalysts, tertiary amides are easily reduced by applying monosilanes. Key to success for the reduction of the secondary amides is the use of zinc triflate and disilanes with dual SiH moieties. The presented hydrosilylations proceed with excellent chemoselectivity in the presence of sensitive ester, nitro, azo, nitrile, olefins, and other functional groups, thus making the method attractive for organic synthesis.
Diffusion tensor imaging of the optic radiations after optic neuritis
Authors: Kolbe Scott , Bajraszewski Clare , Chapman Caron , Nguyen Tan , Mitchell Peter , Paine Mark , Butzkueven Helmut , Johnston Leigh , Kilpatrick Trevor , Egan Gary 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTrans‐synaptic degeneration could exacerbate neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed to assess whether anterograde trans‐synaptic degeneration could be identified in the primary visual pathway in vivo. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to assess the optic radiations in 15 patients with previous optic nerve inflammation and 9 healthy volunteers. A probabilistic atlas of the optic radiations was created from healthy diffusion tractography data. Lengthwise profiles for DTI parameters (axial [λ||], radial [λ⟂] and mean diffusivity [MD], fractional anisotropy [FA] and the angle of deviation of the principal eigenvector [α]) were analyzed for patients and controls. Patients also underwent multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) assessments to characterize the latency and amplitude of cortical potentials. Correlations were performed between mfVEP latency and amplitude in the left and right visual hemi‐fields and DTI parameters in the contra‐lateral optic radiations. Patients displayed a significant decrease in λ|| within the body of both optic radiations, which significantly correlated with loss of mfVEP amplitude. Abnormal λ⟂ and FA were detected bilaterally throughout the optic radiations in patients but the abnormality was not associated with amplitude reduction or latency prolongation of the mfVEP. An abnormal α value was observed in the left optic radiations of patients, and the α value in the body of the optic radiations also correlated with mfVEP amplitude loss. The assocation between bilateral DTI abnormalities within the optic radiations and loss of afferent electrical activity could indicate anterograde trans‐synaptic degeneration occurs following optic neuritis. Hum Brain Mapp 33:2047–2061, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Palytoxin causes nonoxidative necrotic damage to PC12 cells in culture
Authors: Sagara Takefumi , Nishibori Naoyoshi , Itoh Mari , Morita Kyoji , Her Song 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTPalytoxin (PTX) is a potent marine toxin that causies serious damage to various tissues and organs. It has been reported to affect the transport of cations across the plasma membranes, which is commonly recognized as being the principal mechanism of its highly toxic action on mammals, including humans. However, although some marine toxins have been shown to cause toxic effects on the nervous system by interfering with the transmission of nerve impulses, the effect of PTX on neuronal cells has not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, the toxic action of PTX on PC12 cells was examined as an in vitro model experiment to elucidate the neurotoxic properties of this toxin, and PTX was shown to reduce the viability of PC12 cells in a concentration‐dependent manner. The cytotoxic action of PTX was not significantly altered by the presence of the antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine and reduced‐form glutathione in the cultures. Fluorescence staining of the cells and the electrophoretic analysis of genomic DNA showed that PTX failed to cause chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation within the cells. On the other hand, the exposure to PTX caused positive staining of the cytoplasmic space of the cells with propidium iodide and the release of lactate dehydrogenase into the culture medium. Based on these observations, PTX is considered to cause cell death as a consequence of disrupting the plasma membranes, thus causing nonoxidative necrotic damage to PC12 cells. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Matrix Solid Phase Dispersion‐Accelerated Solvent Extraction for Determination of OCP Residues in Fish Muscles
Authors: Shen Zhong‐Lan , Yuan Dong , Zhang Hui , Hu Mei , Zhu Jian‐Hua , Zhang Xi‐Qi , Suc Qing‐De 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA rapid, sensitive and accurate matrix solid phase dispersion‐accelerated solvent extraction (MSPD‐ASE) method for selective determination of sixteen organochlorine pesticide (OCP) residues in fish samples has been developed and validated. 2 g fresh fish muscle was dispersed with 10 g anhydrous sodium sulfate and 2 g acid alumina thoroughly, and loaded into the stainless‐steel extraction cell containing 6 g of acid alumina and 10 g anhydrous sodium sulfate. The temperature 60 °C and two extraction cycles of 5 min gave adequate extraction efficiency using DCM‐hexane (3:7, v/v) mixture as solvent. Not only the lipids, but also other co‐extracts, which peaks mostly located in the forepart of chromatograms and maybe interfere the identification or quantitation of analytes, were eliminated exhaustively, while analytes were extracted selectively. Sixteen OCPs were identified by retention time of standards and quantified using mirex as internal standards. These detected OCPs were confirmed by GC‐MS in real samples. The performance of proposed method was evaluated and validated: the detection limits were 0.008‐0.05 ng g‐1, relative standard deviations were 1.9‐5.0%, and recoveries were 91.0‐104.1% spiked at 10 ng g‐1 level. The accuracy and precision of proposed method were equal to or better than that of traditional Soxhlet extraction method.