bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reverse‐Selective Microporous Membrane for Gas Separation
Authors: Sawamura Ken‐ichi , Izumi Teruaki , Kawasaki Kiyotoshi , Daikohara Shintaro , Ohsuna Tetsu , Takada Mitsuko , Sekine Yasushi , Kikuchi Eiichi , Matsukata Masahiko 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSort the bigs from the smalls: Reverse‐selective membranes, through which bigger molecules selectively permeate, are attractive for developing chemical processes. A new adsorption‐based reverse‐selective membrane that utilizes a Na cation occluded in a zeolitic framework is presented. The membrane developed enables the selective permeation and separation of bigger polar molecules, such as methanol and water, from hydrogen above 473 K.magnified imageReverse‐selective membranes, through which bigger molecules selectively permeate, are attractive for developing chemical processes utilizing hydrogen because they can maintain the high partial pressure of hydrogen required for their further downstream utilization. Although several of these chemical processes are operated above 473 K, membranes with outstanding reverse‐selective separation performance at these temperatures are still to be reported. Herein, we propose a new adsorption‐based reverse‐selective membrane that utilizes a Na cation occluded in a zeolitic framework. The membrane developed in this work, a compact Na+‐exchanged ZSM‐5 (NaZSM‐5) type zeolite membrane, enables us to selectively permeate and separate bigger polar molecules, such as methanol and water, from a stream containing hydrogen, above 473 K. On the other hand, a Na+‐free, H+‐exchanged ZSM‐5 (HZSM‐5) type zeolite membrane did not show separation properties at these temperatures. The microporous zeolite membrane developed in this study can be applied to a variety of chemical reaction systems to minimize energy consumption.
Bauphysikalische, ökologische und ökonomische Bewertung von geförderten Sanierungskonzepten in Wien
Authors: Korjenic Azra , Bitzinger Friedrich , Mahdavi Ardeshir 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn diesem Beitrag wird die Nachhaltigkeit von Gebäudesanierungen untersucht, wobei die Reduzierung des Energieverbrauchs das oberste Ziel ist, was mit bis zu 80 % erreicht werden kann. Während in anderen Großstädten Europas das Konzept der Flächensanierung praktiziert wurde und wird, wird in Wien die “sanfte Sanierung” propagiert und auch gefördert. Die Stadt Wien hat dafür verschiedene Sanierungskonzepte bei der Hand. In dieser Untersuchung werden die verschiedenen geförderten Sanierungskonzepte anhand eines realen Beispiels gezeigt und rechnerisch überprüft. Ein Vergleich der verschiedenen Konzepte beleuchtet die einzelnen Punkte der Sanierung: Energieeffizienz, Sanierungskosten, Belastung für den Eigentümer bzw. Mieter der Wohnungen und Belastung für den Fördergeber (Land Wien). Die Ergebnisse ausgeführter Sanierungskonzepte brachten folgende Erkenntnisse bzw. Problemstellungen:– die Sanierungsmaßnahmen kommen hauptsächlich den Mietern zugute, während der Kostenträger (Eigentümer) nur die Wertsteigerung als Nutzen hat;– mangelnde Bereitschaft der Bewohner zur Sanierung;– erhebliche Mehrkosten für Passivhaustechnik;– zu geringe höchstzulässige Gesamtsanierungskosten.Evaluation of retrofitting concepts and municipal sponsoring in Vienna.Major energy efficiency improvements can be achieved via building stock retrofit. While in some major cities in Europe, mostly large‐area building retrofit measures have been targeted; in Vienna a gradual thermal improvement of the building stock has been practiced. Thereby, a number of different instruments and programs have been promoted by the regional government. In the present contribution, a number of such programs are compared and evaluated based on the demonstrative case of a concrete example. Thereby, multiple related issues were addressed: energy efficiency, retrofit expenses, burden for the building owners and tenants, and burden for the funding agency (Municipal of Vienna). The results suggest:– the main beneficiary of retrofit programs are typically the tenants. The landlords benefit indirectly due to the appreciation of property value;– there is a certain lack of willingness on the side of the occupants toward thermal building retrofit measures;– achieving passive house standard in the course of retrofit measures cause significant additional costs;– permissible (fundable) maximum total retrofit expenses has been set too low.
Combinatorial Strategies by Marine Cyanobacteria: Symplostatin 4, an Antimitotic Natural Dolastatin 10/15 Hybrid that Synergizes with the Coproduced HDAC Inhibitor Largazole
Authors: Taori Kanchan , Liu Yanxia , Paul Valerie J. , Luesch Hendrik 
Published: June 2009

AbstractCombinatorial biosynthesis meets combinatorial pharmacology, cyanobacterial style: A new antimitotic natural product with features of both dolastatins 10 and 15 was isolated from the same Floridian Symploca sp. sample that produced the histone deacetylase inhibitor largazole. Both agents in combination are more effective in inhibiting cancer cell proliferation than either agent alone.magnified image
Handbook of RNA Biochemistry: Student Edition. Edited by Roland Karl Hartmann and Albrecht Bindereif, Astrid Schön and Eric Westhof.
Authors: Corey David 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWiley‐VCH, Weinheim 2009, XLIII+931 pp., softcover € 99.00.—ISBN 978‐3‐527‐32534‐4magnified image
Cover Picture: Proteolysis of Peptide Dendrimers (ChemBioChem 9/2009)
Authors: Sommer Peter , Fluxa Viviana S. , Darbre Tamis , Reymond Jean‐Louis 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe cover picture shows the discovery of proteolysis sites within peptide dendrimers. On p. 1527 ff. of this issue, J.‐L. Reymond et al. explain how proteolytic cleavage within the branches of these molecular trees was found to be possible by proteases such as trypsin (Trp) or chymotrypsin (Chy) when the correct amino acid (Arg for Trp, Phe for Chy) was placed at the cleavage site. Protease‐reactive dendrimers were identified by screening a one‐bead–one‐compound combinatorial library of dendrimers (top left) using an on‐bead proteolysis assay (red indicates the presence of free amino termini after proteolysis). It was also possible to hide proteolysis sites from the proteases by using a higher degree of branching in the dendrimers (not shown). A space‐filling rendering of a peptide dendrimer and its cleavage products upon trypsin cleavage is shown. Cover design and realization by Louise A. Reymond and Viviana S. Fluxa.magnified image
Randomized evaluation of two drug‐eluting stents with identical metallic platform and biodegradable polymer but different agents (paclitaxel or sirolimus) compared against bare stents: 1‐Year results of the PAINT trial
Authors: Lemos Pedro A. , Moulin Bruno , Perin Marco A. , Oliveira Ludmilla A.R.R. , Arruda J. Airton , Lima Valter C. , Lima Antonio A.G. , Caramori Paulo R.A. , Medeiros Cesar R. , Barbosa Mauricio R. , Brito Fabio S. , Ribeiro Expedito E. , Martinez Eulógio E. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectives: We tested two novel drug‐eluting stents (DES), covered with a biodegradable‐polymer carrier and releasing paclitaxel or sirolimus, which were compared against a bare metal stent (primary objective). The DES differed by the drug, but were identical otherwise, allowing to compare the anti‐restenosis effects of sirolimus versus paclitaxel (secondary objective). Background: The efficacy of novel DES with biodegradable polymers should be tested in the context of randomized trials, even when using drugs known to be effective, such as sirolimus and paclitaxel. Methods: Overall, 274 patients with de novo coronary lesions in native vessels scheduled for stent implantation were randomly assigned (2:2:1 ratio) for the paclitaxel (n = 111), sirolimus (n = 106), or bare metal stent (n = 57) groups. Angiographic follow‐up was obtained at 9 months and major cardiac adverse events up to 12 months. Results: Both paclitaxel and sirolimus stents reduced the 9‐month in‐stent late loss (0.54–0.44 mm, 0.32–0.43 mm, vs. 0.90–0.45 mm respectively), and 1‐year risk of target vessel revascularization and combined major adverse cardiac events (P < 0.05 for both, in all comparisons), compared with controls. Sirolimus stents had lower late loss than paclitaxel stents (P < 0.01), but similar 1‐year clinical outcomes. There were no differences in the risk of death, infarction, or stent thrombosis among the study groups. Conclusion: Both novel DES were effective in reducing neointimal hyperplasia and 1‐year re‐intervention, compared to bare metal stents. Our findings also suggest that sirolimus is more effective than paclitaxel in reducing angiographic neointima, although this effect was not associated with better clinical outcomes.© 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characteristics of adult patients with atrial septal defects presenting with paradoxical embolism
Authors: Bannan Amr , Shen Rhuna , Silvestry Frank E. , Herrmann Howard C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackground: The association between patent foramen ovale (PFO), atrial septal aneurysm, and cryptogenic stroke due to paradoxical embolism has been established. The correlation between atrial septal defect (ASD) in adults and paradoxical embolism is less well defined. Methods: We examined our single center experience with 329 adult patients undergoing percutaneous device closure of interatrial communication defects to identify clinical and morphologic differences among adult patients with ASDs who presented with or without paradoxical embolism. Comparison was made with patients with PFO. Results: Although a significant left‐to‐right shunt was the predominant indication for ASD closure, 20 patients (14%) presented with a paradoxical embolism. These patients tended to be younger and had smaller defects (both by size and shunt ratio) than ASD patients without paradoxical embolism, and were more likely to be female than PFO patients. Conclusions: The incidence of adult patients with ASD who presented with paradoxical embolism is higher than expected and suggests that this diagnosis should be considered in patients with cryptogenic stroke. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New onset atrial fibrillation after patent foramen ovale closure
Authors: Staubach Stephan , Steinberg Daniel H. , Zimmermann Wibke , Wawra Nikolaus , Wilson Neil , Wunderlich Nina , Sievert Horst 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectives: In this study, we evaluated the incidence of new onset atrial fibrillation (symptomatic or detected by routine ECG) after patent foramen ovale (PFO‐) closure. Background: Although atrial fibrillation is known to occur in some patients following patent foramen ovale closure, the incidence and the risk associated with each device is not well known. Methods: We evaluated 1,349 consecutive patients who underwent PFO closure with an approved device and examined the incidence and risk factors associated with the development of atrial fibrillation. The patients had a mean age of 50 years and underwent PFO closure for cerebrovascular accident in 696 (51.6%), transient ischemic attack in 610 (45.2%), paradoxical embolism in 22 (1.6%), decompression sickness in 13 (0.9%), and other reasons including migraine headaches in 6 (0.4%) of cases. Results: Over a mean follow‐up period of 38.1 ± 28 months, 53 (3.9%) patients developed new onset atrial fibrillation, which is higher compared with an age‐matched population. Of these, 33 (62.3%) patients developed atrial fibrillation within 4 weeks and 8 (15%) within 6 months following PFO closure (totally 77% from 0 to 6 months). The event consisted of a single paroxysm lasting less than 48 hr in 23 patients, resolving either spontaneously or with cardioversion. 40 (75.5%) patients were symptomatic at the time of diagnosis. Thirty (56.6%) patients developed chronic atrial fibrillation. On multivariate analysis, advanced age and use of the STARFlex device predicted atrial fibrillation. Conclusions: The number of patients in whom atrial fibrillation was detected was relatively low. It is often a self‐limited complication of PFO closure that may occur more frequently in elderly patients and those treated with the STARFlex device. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fluoroscopy vs. Traditional guided femoral arterial access and the use of closure devices: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Abu‐Fadel Mazen S. , Sparling Jeffrey M. , Zacharias Soni J. , Aston Christopher E. , Saucedo Jorge F. , Schechter Eliot , Hennebry Thomas A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjective: To compare the effectiveness of accessing the common femoral artery (CFA) using fluoroscopic guidance (FG) versus traditional anatomic landmark guidance (TALG) during cardiac catheterization and to determine the effect of the two modalities on the appropriateness for use of vascular closure devices (VCDs). Background: Previous studies have shown a consistent relationship between the head of the femur and the CFA, yet there is no prospective data validating the superiority of fluoroscopy‐assisted CFA access. Methods: A total of 972 patients were randomized to either FG or TALG access. The primary endpoint of the study was the angiographic suitability of the puncture site for VCD use. Secondary endpoints included arteriotomy location, time and number of attempts needed to obtain access, and the incidence of vascular complications. Results: Of these, 474 patients were randomized into the FG arm and 498 patients into the TALG arm. A total of 79.5% of patients in the fluoroscopy arm and 80.7% in the traditional arm (P = 0.7) were deemed angiographically suitable for VCD based on the arteriotomy. The fluoroscopy group had significantly less arteriotomies below the inferior border of the head of the femur (P = 0.03). Total time for sheath insertion (105.7 ± 130.7 vs. 106.5 ± 152.6 sec) and number of arterial punctures (1.1 ± 0.4 vs. 1.1 ± 0.5) did not differ among the FG and TALG, respectively. The rates of vascular complications were not different. Conclusion: The angiographic suitability for VCD was not different between FG and TALG groups. Fluoroscopy decreased the number of low arteriotomies. The time to sheath insertion, number of arterial punctures needed to obtain access, and the incidence of complications were also similar. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of Polyelectrolyte on DNA–RecA Nucleoprotein Filaments: Poly‐L‐Lysine Used as a Model
Authors: Guo Cunlan , Li Gaiping , Liu Zhelin , Sun Lanlan , Sun Yujing , Xu Fugang , Zhang Yue , Yang Tao , Li Zhuang 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe effects of polyelectrolyte on the interaction of RecA protein and DNA are investigated in vitro by agarose gel electrophoresis and atomic force microscopy (see figure). Through changing the concentration, the length, and the addition orders of the polyelectrolyte, its effects on the DNA–RecA filaments are investigated and the probable mechanism is deduced.magnified imageRecA of Escherichia coli and its active nucleoprotein filaments with DNA are important for the genomic integrity and the genetic diversity. The formation of the DNA‐RecA nucleoprotein filaments is a complex multiple‐step process and can be affected by many factors. In this work, the effects of poly‐L‐lysine (PLL) on the DNA‐RecA nucleoprotein filaments are investigated in vitro by agarose gel electrophoresis and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The observed morphologies vary with the concentration, the length, and the addition order of PLL. These distinctions provide information for the conformation change of DNA and the binding sites of RecA protein in the formation process of nucleoprotein filaments. Besides that, the comparison displays the effect of cationic polyelectrolyte on both inhibition and destabilization of the DNA‐RecA nucleoprotein filaments. The current study provides valuable insights for pharmacologic studies and gene delivery.
Electronic Studies on Oligothienylenevinylenes: Understanding the Nature of Their Ground and Excited Electronic States
Authors: Ponce Ortiz Rocío , González Sandra R. , Casado Juan , López Navarrete Juan T. , Officer David L. , Wagner Pawel , Earles John C. , Gordon Keith C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe electronic and molecular structures of a family of oligothienylenevinylenes for organic solar cells are studied by means of UV/Vis, fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy, aided by quantum chemical calculations. By using different anchoring groups, the alteration of the electronic properties upon inserting electron‐withdrawing groups into different positions on the oligothienylenevinylene backbone is determined. In addition, a thorough study of the photophysical properties is carried out to understand their potential use in optoelectronic devices. The charge defect of one of these systems is analysed to elucidate the possible charge carriers photogenerated during device operation.
One‐Pot Fabrication of High‐Quality InP/ZnS (Core/Shell) Quantum Dots and Their Application to Cellular Imaging
Authors: Hussain Sahid , Won Nayoun , Nam Jutaek , Bang Jiwon , Chung Hyokyun , Kim Sungjee 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTrue colors: High‐quality InP and InP/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) are obtained by means of a simple one‐pot method in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG). Rapid and size‐controlled reactions lead to highly crystalline and nearly monodisperse QDs at relatively low temperatures. The particles emit from cyan blue to far‐red, and are successfully used in cellular imaging (see figure).magnified image
Non‐Random Distribution of Interleukin Receptors on the Cell Surface
Authors: Jenei Attila , Kormos József , Szentesi Gergely , Veres Adrienn J. , Varga Sándor , Bodnár Andrea , Damjanovich Sándor , Mátyus László 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSpot the dots: Spatial organization of cell surface proteins plays a key role in the process of transmembrane signalling. Receptor clustering and changes in their cell surface distribution are often determining factors in the final outcome of ligand–receptor interactions. Herein, the authors show the applicability of Ripley's K(t) with additional algorithms a tool for analyzing the cell surface receptor patterns (see picture).magnified imageSpatial organization of cell surface proteins plays a key role in the process of transmembrane signalling. Receptor clustering and changes in their cell surface distribution are often determining factors in the final outcome of ligand–receptor interactions. There are several techniques for assessing the distribution of protein molecules. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is an excellent tool for determining distance relationships of cell surface molecules. However, it does not provide information on the distribution of molecular clusters. Different kinds of microscopies fill this gap. The evaluation of the images provided by the listed techniques is often questionable. Herein we show the applicability of Ripley’s K(t) function as a tool for analyzing the cell surface receptor patterns (Y. Nakamura, et al., Nature 1994, 369, 330–333). We have implemented an effective image processing algorithm for fast localization of gold labels on biological samples. We investigated spatial organization of Interleukin‐2Rα and ‐15Rα (IL‐2Rα and IL‐15Rα) on a human CD4+leukaemia T‐cell line, Kit225 FT7.10 by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM analysis showed co‐clustering of the two types of α‐chains even on the few‐hundred‐nanometer scale. The analysis of our data may contribute to our understanding the action of the IL‐2/IL‐15 receptor system in T‐cell function.
Synthesis of labeled BCX‐4208, a potent inhibitor of purine nucleoside phosphorylase
Authors: Kamath Vivekanand P. , Juarez‐Brambila Jesus J. , Morris Philip E. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBCX‐4208, a novel inhibitor of the enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase, mimics the charged ribosyl oxocarbenium ion formed during the transition state of the enzyme‐catalyzed C‐N bond cleavage of nucleosides. A slow‐onset, tight‐binding inhibitor with a $\hbox{K}_{\rm i}^{*}$ of 16 ± 1.4 pM, BCX‐4208 is one of the most potent inhibitors known for the enzyme. In support of our BCX‐4208 clinical program, a mass spectrometric assay has been developed that required labeled BCX‐4208 as an internal standard. The synthesis of [2H]2‐BCX‐4208 and [13C]‐BCX‐4208 is described in this report. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dysprosium‐sensitized chemiluminescence system for the determination of enoxacin in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids with flow‐injection sampling
Authors: Sun Han‐wen , Wu Yuan‐yuan , Li Li‐qing 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA novel trivalence dysprosium(Dy3+)‐sensitized chemiluminescence method was developed for the first time for the determination of enoxacin (ENX) using flow‐injection sampling based on the chemiluminescence (CL) associated with the reaction of the Dy3+‐cerium(Ce(IV))‐S2O32−‐ENX system and the Dy3+‐MnO4− S2O32−‐ENX system. The analytical conditions for CL emission were investigated and optimized. The relationship between the CL intensity of ENX and its concentration has good linearity, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9984–0.9994. The limit of detection (LOD, 3σ) was 0.20 ng/mL for the Dy3+‐ENX‐S2O32−‐Ce(IV)‐H2SO4 system and 0.22 ng/mL for the Dy3+‐ENX‐S2O32−‐MnO4−‐HNO3 system. The relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 11) was 1.8% for 11 determinations of 60 ng/mL ENX. The proposed method was applied to the analysis of ENX in injections, serum and urine samples with a recovery of 98%–105%. A possible mechanism for this sensitized CL reaction is discussed by comparing the CL spectra with the fluorescence emission spectra. The proposed method represents a wide linear range, high sensitivity and accuracy, and can be used for the routine determination of ENX in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
LC‐MS: a powerful tool in workplace drug testing
Authors: Gallardo E. , Barroso M. , Queiroz J. A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWorkplace drug testing is a well‐established application of forensic toxicology and it aims to reduce workplace accidents caused by affected workers. Several classes of abused substances may be involved, such as alcohol, amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, opiates and also prescription drugs, such as benzodiazepines.The use of alternative biological specimens such as hair, oral fluid or sweat in workplace drug testing presents several advantages over urinalysis—mainly the fact that sample collection can be performed easily without infringing on the examinee's privacy, so the subject is more likely to perform the test. However, drugs are usually present in these alternative specimens at low concentrations and the amount of sample available for analysis is small. The use of highly sensitive techniques is therefore necessary.In fact, the successful interface of liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) has brought a new light into bioanalytical and forensic sciences as it allows the detection of drugs and metabolites at concentrations that are difficult to analyse using the more commonly adopted GC‐MS based techniques.This paper will discuss the importance of LC‐MS in supporting workplace drug‐testing programmes. The combination of LC‐MS with innovative instrumentation such as triple quadrupoles, ion traps and time‐of‐flight mass spectrometers will also be focused. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.