bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of pennation angle and architectural gearing to rate of force development in dynamic and isometric muscle contractions
Authors: Van Hooren Bas , Aagaard Per , Monte Andrea , Blazevich Anthony J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundAssociations between muscle architecture and rate of force development (RFD) have been largely studied during fixed‐end (isometric) contractions. Fixed‐end contractions may, however, limit muscle shape changes and thus alter the relationship between muscle architecture an RFD.AimWe compared the correlation between muscle architecture and architectural gearing and knee extensor RFD when assessed during dynamic versus fixed‐end contractions.MethodsTwenty‐two recreationally active male runners performed dynamic knee extensions at constant acceleration (2000°s−2) and isometric contractions at a fixed knee joint angle (fixed‐end contractions). Torque, RFD, vastus lateralis muscle thickness, and fascicle dynamics were compared during 0–75 and 75–150 ms after contraction onset.ResultsResting fascicle angle was moderately and positively correlated with RFD during fixed‐end contractions (r = 0.42 and 0.46 from 0–75 and 75–150 ms, respectively; p < 0.05), while more strongly (p < 0.05) correlated with RFD during dynamic contractions (r = 0.69 and 0.73 at 0–75 and 75–150 ms, respectively; p < 0.05). Resting fascicle angle was (very) strongly correlated with architectural gearing (r = 0.51 and 0.73 at 0–75 ms and 0.50 and 0.70 at 75–150 ms; p < 0.05), with gearing in turn also being moderately to strongly correlated with RFD in both contraction conditions (r = 0.38–0.68).ConclusionResting fascicle angle was positively correlated with RFD, with a stronger relationship observed in dynamic than isometric contraction conditions. The stronger relationships observed during dynamic muscle actions likely result from different restrictions on the acute changes in muscle shape and architectural gearing imposed by isometric versus dynamic muscle contractions.
Intersectionality and feminist movements from a global perspective
Authors: Bonu Rosenkranz Giada 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe review article explores the concept of intersectionality within feminist movements from a global perspective. First, it reconstructs the origins of the concept. Second, it summarizes the main critical debates. Third, it gives an overview on the new wave of feminist movements, by exploring the way several movements from the North to the Global South have actively engaged with the concept of intersectionality into action. Finally, the article discusses opportunity and threats in the diffusion of the concept, both in the academic debate and in the field of collective action. The main takeaways of the article are: the emergence of the concept of intersectionality within the activism of women of color and Black feminism; the role of intersectionality as a critical analysis of power structures; the intersectional character of the new wave of feminist movements; the risks associated with the diffusion of the concept of intersectionality; the bleaching of intersectionality; and the co‐opting and depowering of the concept in an increasingly aggressive neo‐liberal order.
Effects of biodegradable poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) and poly(lactic acid) plastic degradation on soil ecosystems
Authors: Dissanayake Pavani Dulanja , Withana Piumi Amasha , Sang Mee Kyung , Cho Yoora , Park Jeyoung , Oh Dongyeop X. , Chang Scott X. , Lin Carol Sze Ki , Bank Michael S. , Hwang Sung Yeon , Ok Yong Sik 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDespite that biodegradable plastics are perceived as environmentally friendly, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of their fate in soil. Current Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) frameworks, along with new UNEP regulations on plastic pollution, necessitate scientific information on plastic degradation in soils for developing sustainable biodegradable plastics. In this study, we examined the degradation rates of two biodegradable plastics, poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA), in a laboratory microcosm experiment using uncontaminated soil, with PBAT or PLA added at 8.3% (w/w). Our aim was to further understand the impact of these plastic types on soil properties and microbial communities under different incubation temperatures. Both PBAT and PLA treatments elevated cumulative CO2 efflux compared with the control soil incubated at 25 and 58°C. After 33 weeks, 9.2% and 6.1% of the added PBAT and PLA degraded, respectively, at 58°C, while only 2.3% of PBAT and 1.7% of PLA degraded at 25°C, implying slower degradation rates of PBAT and PLA under the lower temperature. Degradation at 58°C increased total soil carbon by 0.6%, 1.9%, and 4.3% for Control, PBAT, and PLA, respectively, and soil electrical conductivity by 0.17, 0.33, and 2.38 dS m−1, respectively, but decreased soil pH. Microbial diversity and richness decreased under thermophilic conditions at 58°C compared with that at 25°C. We conclude that the degradation of PBAT and PLA varies with environmental condition, and influences soil properties.
The diagnostic pathway for patients with interstitial lung disease: a mixed-methods study of patients and physicians
Authors: Grant-Orser Amanda , Pooler Charlotte , Archibald Nathan , Fell Charlene , Ferrara Giovanni , Johannson Kerri A , Kalluri Meena 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesThe diagnostic process for patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILD) remains complex. The aim of this study was to characterise the diagnostic care pathway and identify barriers and potential solutions to access a timely and accurate ILD diagnosis.DesignThis mixed-method study was comprised of a quantitative chart review, patient and physician surveys and focus groups.ResultsChart review was completed for 97 patients. Median time from symptom onset to ILD diagnosis was 12.0 (IQR 20.5) months, with 46% diagnosed within 1 year. Time from first computed tomography (CT) scan to respirology referral was 2.4 (IQR 21.2) months. Referrals with a prior CT were triaged sooner than referrals without (1.7±1.6 months vs 3.9±3.3 months, p=0.013, 95% CI 0.48 to 2.94). On patient surveys (n=70), 51% felt that their lung disease was not recognised early enough. Commonly reported challenges to timely diagnosis included delayed presentation to primary care, initial misdiagnoses and long wait-times for specialists. Forty-five per cent of physicians (n=20) identified diagnostic delays, attributed to delayed presentations to primary care (58%), initial misdiagnoses (67%) and delayed chest imaging (75%). Themes from patient and respirologist focus groups included patient-related, healthcare provider-related and system-related factors leading to delays in diagnosis.ConclusionsThis mixed-methods study identified patient and system-related factors that contribute to diagnostic delays for patients with ILD, with most delays occurring prior to respirology referral. ILD awareness and education, earlier presentation to primary care, expedited access to chest imaging and earlier referral to respirology may expedite diagnosis.
Massive gravity from a first-quantized perspective
Authors: Fecit Filippo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this work, we investigate the BRST quantization of the massive $${\mathcal {N}}=4$$

N
=
4

supersymmetric spinning particle, with a twofold purpose: exploring different approaches to give mass to spinning particle models and formulating a first-quantized theory for massive gravity on both flat and curved spacetime. The main contribution of this study is the development of a worldline formulation of the linear theory of massive gravity, namely of the Fierz–Pauli theory, on a curved spacetime; such a theory describes the propagation of massive spin 2 particle on a non-flat background. Our results suggest that achieving the nilpotency of the BRST charge requires an Einstein spacetime with vanishing cosmological constant as the only viable consistent background. In the course of the analysis, we take the $${\mathcal {N}}=2$$

N
=
2

supersymmetric worldline as an exemplificative model, correctly producing the Proca theory on curved spacetime. Our analysis shows that the associated BRST system uniquely selects the minimal coupling to the background curvature.
Using the Kaniadakis horizon entropy in the presence of neutrinos to alleviate the Hubble and $$ S_{8} $$ tensions
Authors: Yarahmadi Muhammad , Salehi Amin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe $$H_{0}$$

H
0

tension stands as a prominent challenge in cosmology, serving as a primary driver for exploring alternative models of dark energy. Another tension arises from measurements of the $$ S_{8} $$

S
8

parameter, which is characterize the amplitude of matter fluctuations in the universe. In this study, we address the alleviation of both the Hubble tension and $$ S_{8} $$

S
8

tension by incorporating Kaniadakis horizon entropy. We investigate two scenarios to explore the impact of this entropy on cosmological parameters. In the first scenario, utilizing modified Friedmann equations through Kaniadakis entropy, we estimate the values of $$H_{0}$$

H
0

and $$ S_{8} $$

S
8

. In the subsequent scenario, we introduce the neutrino term and assess its effect on mitigating the Hubble and $$ S_{8} $$

S
8

tensions. Our findings reveal that when considering the first scenario, the results closely align with Planck’s 2018 outcomes for Hubble and $$ S_{8} $$

S
8

tensions. Moreover, with the inclusion of neutrinos, these tensions are alleviated to approximately 2$$\sigma $$
σ
, and the $$ S_{8} $$

S
8

value is in full agreement with the results from the KiDS and DES survey. Furthermore, we impose a constraint on the parameter K in each scenario. Our analysis yields $$K = 0.12\pm 0.41$$

K
=
0.12
±
0.41

for Kaniadakis entropy without neutrinos and $$K = 0.39\pm 0.4$$

K
=
0.39
±
0.4

for the combined dataset considering Kaniadakis entropy in the presence of neutrinos. We demonstrate that the value of K may be affected by neutrino mass, which can cause energy transfer between different parts of the universe and alter the Hubble parameter value.
Continuity of the relative entropy of resource
Authors: Lami Ludovico , Shirokov Maksim 
Published: April 2024

We present a criterion to establish the local continuity of the relative entropy of resource, i.e. the relative entropy distance to the set of free states, in any quantum resource theory. Several basic corollaries of this criterion are presented. Applications to the relative entropy of entanglement in multipartite quantum systems are considered. It is shown, in particular, that local continuity of any relative entropy of multipartite entanglement follows from local continuity of the quantum mutual information.
High Variability of Body Mass Index Is Independently Associated With Incident Heart Failure
Authors: Liu Chang , Chiang Yiyun , Hui Qin , Zhou Jin J. , Wilson Peter W. F. , Joseph Jacob , Sun Yan V. 
Published: April 2024

Background
Heart failure (HF) is a serious condition with increasing prevalence, high morbidity, and increased mortality. Obesity is an established risk factor for HF. Fluctuation in body mass index (BMI) has shown a higher risk of cardiovascular outcomes. We investigated the association between BMI variability and incident HF.

Methods and Results

In the UK Biobank, we established a prospective cohort after excluding participants with prevalent HF or cancer at enrollment. A total of 99 368 White participants with ≥3 BMI measures during >2 years preceding enrollment were included, with a median follow‐up of 12.5 years. The within‐participant variability of BMI was evaluated using standardized SD and coefficient of variation. The association of BMI variability with incident HF was assessed using Fine and Gray's competing risk model, adjusting for confounding factors and participant‐specific rate of BMI change. Higher BMI variability measured in both SD and coefficient of variation was significantly associated with higher risk in HF incidence (SD: hazard ratio [HR], 1.05 [95% CI, 1.03–1.08],
P
<0.0001; coefficient of variation: HR, 1.07 [95% CI, 1.04–1.10],
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions
Longitudinal health records capture BMI fluctuation, which independently predicts HF incidence.
External Validation of a Risk Score Model for Predicting Major Clinical Events in Adults After Atrial Switch
Authors: Albertini Mathieu , Santens Beatrice , Fusco Flavia , Sarubbi Berardo , Gallego Pastora , Rodriguez‐Puras Maria‐Jose , Prokselj Katja , Kauling Robert Martijn , Roos‐Hesselink Jolien , Labombarda Fabien , Van De Bruaene Alexander , Budts Werner , Waldmann Victor , Iserin Laurence , Woudstra Odilia , Bouma Berto , Ladouceur Magalie 
Published: April 2024

Background
A risk model has been proposed to provide a patient individualized estimation of risk for major clinical events (heart failure events, ventricular arrhythmia, all‐cause mortality) in patients with transposition of the great arteries and atrial switch surgery. We aimed to externally validate the model.

Methods and Results
A retrospective, multicentric, longitudinal cohort of 417 patients with transposition of the great arteries (median age, 24 years at baseline [interquartile range, 18–30]; 63% men) independent of the model development and internal validation cohort was studied. The performance of the prediction model in predicting risk at 5 years was assessed, and additional predictors of major clinical events were evaluated separately in our cohort. Twenty‐five patients (5.9%) met the major clinical events end point within 5 years. Model validation showed good discrimination between high and low 5‐year risk patients (Harrell C index of 0.73 [95% CI, 0.65–0.81]) but tended to overestimate this risk (calibration slope of 0.20 [95% CI, 0.03–0.36]). In our population, the strongest independent predictors of major clinical events were a history of heart failure and at least mild impairment of the subpulmonary left ventricle function.

Conclusions
We reported the first external validation of a major clinical events risk model in a large cohort of adults with transposition of the great arteries. The model allows for distinguishing patients at low risk from those at intermediate to high risk. Previous episode of heart failure and subpulmonary left ventricle dysfunction appear to be key markers in the prognosis of patients. Further optimizing risk models are needed to individualize risk predictions in patients with transposition of the great arteries.
Sleep Patterns and Traditional Cardiovascular Health Metrics: Joint Impact on Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: You Si , Zhang Hai‐Feng , Zhang Shao‐Ling , Gao Qing‐Yuan , Cai Yang‐Wei , Huang Ze‐Gui , Wu Yu‐Biao , Chen Yang‐Xin , Wang Jing‐Feng , Gao Jing‐Wei , Liu Pin‐Ming 
Published: April 2024

Background
This study examines the association between traditional cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) incidence in individuals with diverse sleep patterns.

Methods and Results

We analyzed data from 208 621 participants initially free of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the UK Biobank study. Sleep patterns were assessed using scores for chronotype, duration, insomnia, snoring, and daytime dozing. Traditional CVH scores were derived from the Life's Simple 7 metrics. Cox proportional hazards multivariate regression assessed associations between distinct combinations of CVH and sleep scores and MACE, including nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, and CVD mortality. Over a mean follow‐up of 12.73 years, 9253 participants experienced incident MACE. Individuals with both a healthy sleep pattern and ideal CVH levels had the lowest MACE risk compared with those with a poor sleep pattern and poor CVH levels (hazard ratio, 0.306 [95% CI, 0.257–0.365];
P
<0.001). Elevated CVH scores were associated with a reduced risk of MACE across different sleep patterns. Similar trends were observed for individual MACE components, heart failure, and all‐cause mortality. These findings remained robust in sensitivity analyses and across various subgroups.

Conclusions
In individuals without known CVD, maintaining a favorable sleep pattern and achieving optimal CVH levels, as measured by traditional metrics, were associated with the lowest MACE risk. Enhanced CVH significantly reduced CVD risk, even in individuals with a poor sleep pattern. These results emphasize the importance of considering multiple dimensions of sleep health alongside CVH to mitigate CVD risk.

Registration

URL:
https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk
; Unique identifier: 91090.
Initial eGFR Changes with SGLT2 Inhibitor in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Associations With the Risk of Abnormal Serum Potassium Level
Authors: Kao Yi‐Wei , Chao Tze‐Fan , Chen Shao‐Wei , Cheng Yu‐Wen , Chan Yi‐Hsin , Chu Pao‐Hsien 
Published: April 2024

Background
Both high and low levels of serum potassium measurements are linked with a higher risk of adverse clinical events among patients with type 2 diabetes. The study was aimed at evaluating the implications of the various degrees of initial estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) change on subsequent serum potassium homeostasis following sodium–glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) initiation among patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods and Results

We used medical data from a multicenter health care provider in Taiwan and recruited 5529 patients with type 2 diabetes with baseline/follow‐up eGFR data available after 4 to 12 weeks of SGLT2i treatment from June 1, 2016, to December 31, 2018. SGLT2i treatment was associated with an initial mean (SEM) eGFR decline of −3.5 (0.2) mL/min per 1.73 m
2
in overall study participants. A total of 36.7% (n=2028) of patients experienced no eGFR decline, and 57.9% (n=3201) and 5.4% (n=300) of patients experienced an eGFR decline of 0% to 30% and >30%, respectively. Patients with an initial eGFR decline of >30% were associated with higher variability in consequent serum potassium measurement when compared with those without an initial eGFR decline. Participants with a pronounced eGFR decline of >30% were associated with a higher risk of hyperkalemia ≥5.5 (adjusted hazard ratio,4.59 [95% CI, 2.28–9.26]) or use of potassium binder (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.65 [95% CI, 1.78–3.95]) as well as hypokalemia events <3.0 mmol/L (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.21 [95% CI, 1.90–5.42]) or use of potassium supplement (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.87 [95% CI, 1.37–2.56]) following SGLT2i treatment after multivariate adjustment.

Conclusions
Physicians should be aware that the eGFR trough occurs shortly, and consequent serum potassium changes following SGLT2i initiation.
Text Message–Based Assessment of 90‐Day Modified Rankin Scale After Stroke
Authors: Abbasi Mohammad Hossein , Yuan Kristy , Kasner Scott E. , McPartland Ellen , Owens Karrima C. , Sloane Kelly L. 
Published: April 2024

Background
The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) is commonly used to measure disability after stroke, traditionally assessed through telephone or in‐person evaluation. Here, we investigated the validity of mRS assessment through an automated text messaging system based on the simplified mRS questionnaire as an alternative method to traditional methods of assessment.

Methods and Results
A total of 250 patients admitted to 3 hospitals within the University of Pennsylvania Health System with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke were enrolled. Participants received automated text messages sent 48 hours before their outpatient appointment at about 90 days after stroke. The mRS scores were assigned on the basis of participant responses to 2 to 4 text questions eliciting yes/no responses. The mRS was then evaluated in person or by telephone interview for comparison. Responses were compared with κ. A total of 142 patients (57%) completed the study. The spontaneous response rate to text messages was 46.5% and up to 72% with an additional direct in‐person or phone call reminder. Agreement was substantial (quadratic‐weighted κ=0.87 [95% CI, 0.83–0.89]) between responses derived from the automated text messaging and traditional interviews. Agreement for distinguishing functional independence (mRS 0–1) from dependence (mRS 2–5) was substantial (unweighted κ=0.79 [95% CI, 0.69–0.90]).

Conclusions
An automated text messaging system is a feasible method for remotely obtaining the mRS after stroke and a potential alternative to traditional in‐person or telephone assessment. Further studies are needed to evaluate the generalizability of text message–based approaches to stroke outcome measurement.
Impact of Social Vulnerability on Cardiac Arrest Mortality in the United States, 2016 to 2020
Authors: Gonuguntla Karthik , Chobufo Muchi Ditah , Shaik Ayesha , Patel Neel , Penmetsa Mouna , Sattar Yasar , Thyagaturu Harshith , Sama Carlson , Alharbi Anas , Chan Paul S. , Balla Sudarshan 
Published: April 2024

Background
Cardiac arrest is 1 of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, with an estimated 340 000 out‐of‐hospital and 292 000 in‐hospital cardiac arrest events per year in the United States. Survival rates are lower in certain racial and socioeconomic groups.

Methods and Results
We performed a county‐level cross‐sectional longitudinal study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide‐Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research multiple causes of death data set between 2016 and 2020 among individuals of all ages whose death was attributed to cardiac arrest. The Social Vulnerability Index is a composite measure that includes socioeconomic vulnerability, household composition, disability, individuals from racial and ethnic minority groups status and language, and housing and transportation domains. We examined the impact of social determinants on cardiac arrest mortality stratified by age, race, ethnicity, and sex in the United States. All age‐adjusted mortality rate (cardiac arrest AAMRs) are reported as per 100 000. Overall cardiac arrest AAMR during the study period was 95.6. The cardiac arrest AAMR was higher for men compared with women (119.6 versus 89.9) and for the Black population compared with the White population (150.4 versus 92.3). The cardiac arrest AAMR increased from 64.8 in counties in quintile 1 of Social Vulnerability Index to 141 in quintile 5, with an average increase of 13% (95% CI, 9.8%–16.9%) in AAMR per quintile increase.

Conclusions
Mortality from cardiac arrest varies widely, with a >2‐fold difference between the counties with the highest and lowest social vulnerability, highlighting the differential burden of cardiac arrest deaths throughout the United States based on social determinants of health.