bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EMERGENCE, HOST ATTACK, AND OVERWINTERING BEHAVIOR OF THE EASTERN LARCH BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS SIMPLEX LECONTE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE), IN NEWFOUNDLAND
Authors: Langor David W. , Raske Arthur G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractOverwintered adults of Dendroctonus simplex LeConte emerged in May and June. One generation and two broods were produced in both 1983 and 1984. Females initiated attacks and males arrived within 2 days. One to four pairs of beetles used each entrance hole but each pair constructed a separate egg gallery.Emergence, host attack, and re-emergence occurred between 1030 and 1700 hours NDT and at mean air temperatures above 4°C. Peaks of attack, which reflect flight peaks, occurred at temperatures above 10°C. About 90% of all parents re-emerged from first brood trees and 61% from second brood trees.Only adults overwintered. Freezing temperatures caused complete mortality of immature stages. Thirty-five percent of new brood adults emerged in the fall and re-entered galleries at the base of trees for hibernation. Adult tolerance to cold increased from early fall to mid-winter.
A TEMPERATURE- AND AGE-DEPENDENT SIMULATION MODEL OF REPRODUCTION FOR THE NORTHERN CORN ROOTWORM, DIABROTICA BARBERI SMITH AND LAWRENCE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: Naranjo Steven E. , Sawyer Alan J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBased on data collected at seven constant temperatures, a temperature- and age-dependent model for reproductive development and oviposition by Diabrotica barberi Smith and Lawrence was developed. The model couples temperature-dependent rate and temperature-independent distribution models to represent the observed variability in developmental times for pre-reproductive, reproductive, and post-reproductive females. Using a cohort approach to maintain a physiological age structure, development was coupled with a temperature- and age-dependent model of oviposition. The model was validated at one constant-temperature and three variable-temperature regimes in the laboratory. The time spent in the pre-reproductive stage was slightly underestimated by the model, but the development of mature females and both the timing and magnitude of oviposition under fluctuating-temperature regimes were accurately predicted. The model was relatively insensitive to errors in estimation of the rate of development in the pre-reproductive stage but sensitive to errors in estimation of developmental rate of the reproductive stage and fecundity. Errors in input temperatures were found to be very important, stressing the need for accurately measuring temperature, The major driving variable. The model should be a valuable aid toward understanding oviposition by D. barberi in the field.
EVALUATION OF MASS TRAPPING FOR CONTROLLING THE SPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAFMINER, PHYLLONORYCTER BLANCARDELLA (FABR.) (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE)
Authors: Trimble R.M. , Hagley E.A.C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMass trapping for control of the spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (Fabr.), was evaluated during 1986 in one experimental orchard near Jordan Station, Ont., and in three commercial orchards in Norfolk County, Ont. Multi-Pher II® traps were used to trap adult males, and Vineland traps were used to monitor adult activity and to obtain a measure of the effect of mass trapping on adult male abundance. In the experimental orchard, Vineland trap catches were similar in the trapped and control plots. In two of the three commercial orchards Vineland trap catches were significantly smaller in the trapped plots during one of the three yearly activity periods. Pre-adult leafminer density was significantly lower in the trapped than in the control plots on three of the seven sample dates in the experimental orchard whereas in the commerical orchards, where up to 91 times as many adult males were trapped per plot per activity period, pre-adult density was significantly lower in the trapped plots only in one orchard on one sample date.
A LIST OF DREPANOSIPHINE APHIDS FROM THE SOVIET FAR EAST, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES (HOMOPTERA: APHIDOIDEA)
Authors: Quednau F.W. , Shaposhnikov G.Ch. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA list is given for 45 species of drepanosiphine aphids occurring in the Soviet Far East (South Primorye). Descriptions ofIziphya mordvilkoisp. nov.,Subsaltusaphis pulchrasp. nov.,S.primoriensissp. nov.,Symydobius minutussp. nov., andSinochaitophorus mordvilkoisp. nov. are presented. A new subgenusPrimoriaphissubg. nov. for the speciesS.pulchraandS.primoriensisis proposed. The taxonomic relationships of the new species are discussed. The following new synonyms are established:Thripsaphis caricis(Mordvilko, 1921) =T.productaGillette, 1917;Tiliaphis mordvilkoiPashtshenko, 1984 =T.coreanaQuednau, 1979;Tinocallis hemipteleaeZhang and Zhong, 1980 =T.takashihoensisHiguchi, 1972; andSappocallisMatsumura, 1919 =TinocallisMatsumura, 1919.
AGAPETA ZOEGANA (L.) (LEPIDOPTERA: COCHYLIDAE), A SUITABLE PROSPECT FOR BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SPOTTED AND DIFFUSE KNAPWEED, CENTAUREA MACULOSA MONNET DE LA MARCK AND CENTAUREA DIFFUSA MONNET DE LA MARCK (COMPOSITAE) IN NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Müller H. , Schroeder D. , Gassmann A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe taxonomy, distribution, life history, and host plant relationships of the cochylid moth Agapeta zoegana (L.), an oligophagous, facultatively multivoltine root feeder, are discussed. The results of oviposition and larval feeding tests with 56 plant species in five families are presented and show that A. zoegana is restricted to a few closely related species of Centaurea. In Europe the moth is widely distributed and abundant in the majority of the root-feeding guilds of Centaurea maculosa Monnet de la Marck studied, with densities of 23.6 larvae per 100 roots in eastern Austria/northwestern Hungary and less than 8 larvae per 100 roots in central Hungary and the Alsace. The acceptance of target North American species (the tetraploid form of C. maculosa and the diploid Centaurea diffusa Monnet de la Marck), the damage caused, and the active searching ability rate A. zoegana as a potentially effective natural enemy of spotted and diffuse knapweed in North America. Agapeta zoegana will be especially promising as it predominantly attacks the rosette, which is, according to a recently developed population model for diffuse knapweed in Canada, the most sensitive stage determining equilibrium knapweed density. Agapeta zoegana is compatible with Pelochrista medullana Staudinger (Lepidoptera: Cochylidae), another knapweed root feeder recently introduced into North America, and will complement the seed-feeding species already established. The moth was approved for release in Canada and the USA and has been established in British Columbia since 1984 on C. diffusa.
SAMPLING OVERWINTERING JACK PINE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA PINUS PINUS FREE. (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), AND TWO OF ITS PARASITOIDS (HYMENOPTERA)
Authors: Nealis V.G. , Lysyk T.J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractData on the distribution of overwintering jack pine budworm (Choristoneura pinus pinus Free.) collected between 1985 and 1987 in northern Ontario are used to develop guidelines for sampling this stage of the budworm. Two alternative methods of expressing budworm density are considered: counting the number of budworms per metre of branch and counting the number per square metre of branch bark surface area. Estimates of budworm density for three levels in the tree’s crown are given for 4 site-years.Entire branches are recommended as the sample units as the use of 60-cm branch-tip sections resulted in consistent underestimation of actual density per branch. Jack pine budworm density did not vary among cardinal compass directions and was generally highest at mid-crown levels.The distributions of two parasitoids, Apanteles fumiferanae Vier. and Glypta fumiferanae (Vier.), which overwinter as an egg or first-instar larva within the jack pine budworm, also were considered. Apanteles was the most abundant parasitoid at all crown levels at all sites examined. Percentage parasitism by Apanteles was highest and that by Glypta was lowest on the branch-tip sections in relation to the branch-basal section, but total percentage parasitism was relatively constant over the entire branch, throughout the tree crown, and from tree to tree. Consequently, the sampling method for jack pine budworm is easily extended for estimating the rate of parasitism and therefore for providing a prediction of mortality that results from these two common parasitoids.
MONITORING SPRUCE BUDWORM POPULATION DENSITY WITH SEX PHEROMONE TRAPS
Authors: Sanders C.J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAnnual catches of male spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana [Clem.]) in sex pheromone traps over a 21-year period in northwestern Ontario were well correlated with larval population densities in each subsequent year (r2 = 81%). On the basis of the criterion of 3 successive years of increasing catches or a threshold of 50 moths per trap, warning of extensive defoliation could have been given 6 years in advance. In 18 plots in northwestern Ontario and 35 plots distributed throughout the province, coefficients of determination (r2) between catch and population density in the same generation ranged from 40 to 74% in 1982 and 1983, but fell below 23% in 1984 when population densities in many plots were high. Coefficients of determination between catch and population densities in the following generation (eggs or larvae) ranged from 41 to 62%. On the basis of several years of cooperative research, sex pheromone traps are now in operational use in eastern North America for monitoring spruce budworm populations.
BODY SIZE VARIATION AND OPTIMAL BODY SIZE OF BUMBLE BEE QUEENS (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE)
Authors: Owen Robin E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBody size and mass variation of queen bumble bees (Bombus Latr. spp.) were analyzed in relationship to hibernation survival and optimal body size. Body mass and size (measured by radial cell length) were significantly correlated in six of eight species. Also, spring queens of B. occidentalis Greene were, on average, significantly larger yet lighter than young fall queens. These observations were consistent with weight loss known to occur during hibernation coupled with greater mortality of small queens over the winter. Thus large queens may be at an advantage for this and other reasons (e.g. foraging efficiency, usurpation). However, an optimality model showed that an intermediate body size was optimal if the reproductive success of a colony (foundress queen and workers) was considered. The assumptions were that fitness did not increase linearly with body size but was a convex function, and that colonies only had a fixed amount of energy to invest in reproductive offspring leading to a trade-off between size and number.
ADDITIONS TO THE PHORID CHAPTER IN THE “MANUAL OF NEARCTIC DIPTERA, VOLUME 2” (DIPTERA: PHORIDAE)
Authors: Brown B. V. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe Phoridae chapter in the "Manual of Nearctic Diptera, Volume 2" is updated to include newly collected material. Genera new to North America are as follows: Dacnophora Borgmeier, represented by D. pectinatus nov. sp. from Arizona; Ecitoptera Borgmeier and Schmitz, represented by a single badly damaged, undescribed, female specimen from Arizona; Kerophara gen. nov., represented by the type species K. ferruginea sp. nov. from Alberta, K. brunnea sp. nov. from Alberta, and K. sicula sp. nov. from Virginia; Mennoziola Schmitz, represented by a single, undescribed female specimen from Florida; and Styletta Borgmeier, represented by the widespread species S. camponoti sp. nov. The monobasic Borgmeieria Prado is shown to be congeneric with Neodohrniphora Borgmeier (syn. nov.) based on examination of the previously unknown female, and the names are synonymized. Also, the undescribed female of Abaristophora Schmitz is briefly diagnosed; species of the genus Bactropalpus Borgmeier are known to be the males of Trophodeinus Borgmeier; the genus Gymnophora Macquart has recently been revised; Lecanocerus Borgmeier probably does not belong to the Beckerinini; and Microselia Schmitz and Rhyncophoromyia Malloch are included in the Manual key. Corrections, additional couplets, and illustrations for the Manual key reflect this new knowledge.
IMPROVED PHEROMONE TRAP EXCLUSION OF THE BRUCE SPANWORM OPEROPHTERA BRUCEATA (HULST) (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE) WHEN MONITORING WINTER MOTH OPEROPHTERA BRUMATA (L.) POPULATIONS
Authors: Pivnick Kenneth A. , Barton Dennis L. , Millar Jocelyn G. , Underhill Edward W. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract(Z,Z,Z)-1,3,6,9-Nonadecatetraene is a sex pheromone that attracts males of both the winter moth Operophtera brumata (L.) and the Bruce spanworm O. bruceata (Hulst). Tests were run to maximize the specificity of a pheromone trap for the winter moth by the addition of a previously discovered Bruce spanworm male inhibitor (BSMI), (E,Z,Z)-1,3,6,9-nonadecatetraene. Trap capture inhibition of O. bruceata would facilitate monitoring of winter moth as males of the two species are difficult to distinguish without dissection. Wind tunnel tests with O. bruceata males responding to the pheromone indicated that BSMI has a more potent inhibitory effect if males physically contact the compound. Field tests in an area where only O. bruceata was found demonstrated that pheromone-baited traps caught fewer O. bruceata with BSMI placed on the outside of the entrance holes than when it was placed on the inside of the trap, catching respectively 97 and 82% fewer males than traps baited with the pheromone alone. In an area where O. brumata predominated, BSMI, whether inside or outside the trap, did not affect O. brumata captures. However, O. brumata trap captures were reduced when BSMI was placed on rubber rings glued to the outside of the entrance holes to the traps even though control rings did not affect O. brumata captures. Evidence is presented indicating that hybridization is taking place between these two species where O. brumata has recently been introduced and that the response of the hybrids to the BSMI is intermediate between the two species.
LIFE HISTORY PARAMETERS IN MELANOPLUS SANGUINIPES (F.) IN TWO CRESTED WHEATGRASS PASTURES
Authors: Sanchez Norma E. , Onsager Jerome A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA combination of published techniques provided point estimates of life history parameters for two natural field populations of Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.) in crested wheatgrass pastures. Stage-specific survival rates averaged 0.4798, 0.2261, 0.7628, and 0.6903 for egg, instars I–III combined, instar IV, and instar V, respectively. Daily survival rates of adults averaged 0.9702, but were slightly lower for females than for males. Estimated duration of nymphal instars averaged 8.4 days, the adult preoviposition period averaged 13.3 days, and adult longevity averaged 26.7 and 36.3 days in the two populations. Oviposition rates were estimated for up to four successive ovipositions, and net replacement rates of populations also were estimated. Neither population replaced itself, indicating that potential capacities for increase were not approached under conditions of these studies.
COMPARATIVE TOXICITIES OF FONOFOS AND PHORATE TO DIFFERENT POPULATIONS OF MELANOTUS COMMUNIS (GYLLENHAL) (COLEOPTERA: ELATERIDAE) IN SOUTHERN FLORIDA
Authors: Jansson Richard K. , Lecrone Scott H. , Cherry Ronald H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe toxicities of two commonly used soil insecticides, fonofos and phorate, were compared among one larval population of the corn wireworm, Melanotus communis (Gyllenhal), from sugarcane fields and three populations from potato fields in southern Florida. Fonofos toxicity did not differ among most populations; however, phorate toxicity did. Phorate was consistently less toxic to one population from potato fields. The toxicities of these two compounds to the population from sugarcane fields did not differ from those from potato fields, despite differences in insecticide pressure between the two crops.
DIETS OF THREE COMMON GRASSHOPPERS (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE) INHABITING DESERT GRASSLAND
Authors: Pfadt R. E. , Lockwood J. A. , Foppe T. M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractExamination of crop contents of three species of grasshoppers in outbreak densities on desert grassland of eastern Arizona revealed that all three were ingesting a mixed diet of plants. Crops of nymphal and adult Aulocara elliotti (Thomas) contained an average of 67 and 93% dry weight of grass, respectively, placing this species in both the mixed graminivorous and the graminivorous categories. The preferred host plant of A. elliotti was Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. but it was not an essential item, as a large population developed in a site where this grass was virtually lacking but other perennial grasses were present. Crops of nymphs and adults of both Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabricius) and M. cuneatus Scudder contained chiefly forbs (88–100% of dry weight). The principal host plants were Erodium cicutarium (L.) L’Hér., Lupinus brevicaulis Wats., Microsteris gracilis (Hook.) Greene, and Plantago purshii Roem. & Schult. Both species of Melanoplus fit into the forbivorous category and evidence indicated they were in competition with each other for food. All three grasshopper species showed preferences for particular plant species and as a consequence had significantly different frequencies of plant taxa in their crop contents from what were present in the field.
REVIEW OF CRICOTOPUS (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) OF THE NEARCTIC ARCTIC ZONE WITH DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SPECIES
Authors: Oliver D. R. , Dillon M. E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe genus Cricotopus of the arctic zone of the Nearctic region, represented by 14 species in seven species groups, is reviewed. Descriptive notes on 11 species supplement those given by Hirvenoja (1973), with addition of descriptions of immature stages of C. lestralis (Edwards) and larva of C. tristis Hirvenoja. Two new species names, C. beringensis and C. trilobus, are proposed. New species names synonymies are Chironomus basalis Staeger and Chironomus holmgreni Kieffer with Chironomus tibialis (Meigen) (= C. tibialis). Several undetermined individuals are assigned to the fuscus group. Eleven species are Holarctic in distribution, of which C. bicinctus (Meigen) and C. sylvestris (Fabricius) are circumboreal. Seven species are restricted to the arctic zone, two are wide-ranging in both arctic and temperate zones, and four temperate species barely extend into the arctic zone. Keys to all known life-history stages and some ecological data, primarily of larvae, are given.
WITHIN-CROWN DISTRIBUIONS OF MALE AND FEMALE BAGWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: PSYCHIDAE) PUPAE ON JUNIPER AS AFFECTED BY HOST DEFOLIATION
Authors: Cox David L. , Potter Daniel A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe examined the within-crown distributions of male and female bagworm, Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis (Haworth), pupae on Juniperus virginiana L. as a function of prior defoliation. This was to evaluate the hypothesis that the differential movement of females to the upper crown before pupation would be strongest on heavily defoliated trees. Differential stratification of the sexes occurred irrespective of degree of defoliation, and despite the fact that competition, as evidenced by higher mortality of pupae and reduced weight of egg masses, was apparently greatest at the top of moderately and severely defoliated hosts. There was no relationship between height of pupation and risk of parasitism for either sex. Female larvae were ca. 4-fold more likely than males to abandon a low-lying host upon which they had fed and to ascend the trunks of nearby trees before pupating. Enhancement of larval dispersal by females is the most plausible explanation for the stratified distribution of bagworm pupae within trees.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF UROLEUCON (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) FROM PENNSYLVANIA
Authors: Robinson A.G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTwo new species of aphids are described from Pennsylvania, Uroleucon (Lambersius) stoetzelae sp. nov. from Achillea millefolium L., and Uroleucon (Uroleucon) floricola sp. nov. from Aster sp.
HOST SPECIFICITY OF LIRIOMYZA SONCHI HENDEL (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE), A POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL AGENT FOR THE CONTROL OF WEEDY SOW-THISTLES, SONCHUS SPP., IN CANADA
Authors: Peschken Diether P. , Derby Jo-Anne L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLiriomyza sonchi Hendel was screened for its host specificity as a potential biological control agent against sow-thistles (Sonchus spp.). Recent literature indicated that L. sonchi is recorded frequently from Sonchus spp., but also from Arnoseris minima Schweigger and Koerte and Reichardia arabicum Hochstetter and Steudel. A total of 78 plant species were tested, including 37 species in the Cichorieae (Compositae). In no-choice tests, feeding punctures were observed on species in the closely related genera Aetheorrhiza, Crepis, Lactuca, and Taraxacum, and such distantly related species as Helichrysum bracteatum Andrews var. monstrosum Hortorum (Inuleae tribe, Compositae) and Pisum sativum L. (Leguminosae). From 0.04 to 0.67 adults per female were produced on Aetheorrhiza bulbosa (L.), Crepis dioscordis L., C. rubra L., Leontodon hispidus L., and Taraxacum officinale Weber as compared with about 23 per female on its host, Sonchus arvensis L. No species in these genera other than Sonchus are reported as hosts in the field in Europe and they are therefore considered to be cage-induced hosts. Because of its economic importance, 10 cultivars of lettuce, Lactuca sativa L., were exposed to a total of 837 females in no-choice tests. One puparium and one adult (0.006 per female) were produced. In one replicated choice test with 150 females, no mines were produced on lettuce. It is concluded that the field host range of L. sonchi is restricted to Sonchus spp.
A MODEL OF PREDATION BY PODISUS MACULIVENTRIS (SAY) ON MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE, EPILACHNA VARIVESTIS MULSANT, IN SOYBEANS
Authors: O’Neil Robert J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA model of predation by Podisus maculiventris (Say) on Mexican bean beetle, Epilachna varivestis Mulsant, larvae in soybeans is presented. The attack equation described the number of prey attacked as a function of the number of prey, soybean leaf area, and the search behavior of the predator. The area searched by P. maculiventris was related to the amount of leaf area and the number of prey. Predictions of the number of Mexican bean beetles attacked per predator were compared with an independent field data set. The relevance of the predation model to studies of predation in other agricultural systems is discussed.