bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trigeminal neurinomas with extracranial extension: analysis of 28 surgically treated cases
Authors: Goel Atul , Shah Abhidha , Muzumdar Dattatraya , Nadkarni Trimurti , Chagla Aadil 
Published: November 2009

Object
The object of this paper was to review the authors' experience with 28 cases of trigeminal neurinomas having an extracranial extension.

Methods
The authors analyzed 28 cases of trigeminal neurinoma in which there was an extracranial extension of the tumor. All patients were treated in their department between the years 1989 and 2009.

Results
There was tumor extension along the ophthalmic division of the nerve in 4 cases, along the maxillary division in 5, and along the mandibular division in 13. In 6 tumors there was diffuse extracranial extension and the exact extracranial division of nerve involvement could not be ascertained. In 10 cases, the tumor had a multicompartmental location—in the posterior fossa, the middle fossa, and the extracranial compartment. Tingling paraesthesiae, numbness, and diffuse pain in the distribution of the trigeminal nerve were common symptoms and were present in 90% of patients. The extracranial component had a well-defined perineural/meningeal membrane cover that was continuous with the middle fossa dura mater and isolated the tumor tissue from the adjoining critical structures. In 7 out of 10 cases, even the posterior fossa component of the tumor was entirely “interdural” (within the confines of the dura). The maximum dimension of the tumor was > 4 cm in 22 cases. A limited “transcranial” approach with (12 cases) or without (16 cases) zygomatic osteotomy was found suitable for resection of these tumors. In 4 cases a lateral orbitotomy was performed. Total tumor resection was performed in 20 cases and partial resection in 8. The duration of follow-up ranged from 6 months to 19 years. Two patients required additional surgery for symptomatic recurrence.

Conclusions
Extracranial extensions of trigeminal neurinomas have a well-defined meningeal covering. In most cases resection was performed via a minimally invasive cranial avenue (a “reverse skull base approach”). Radical resection was associated with an excellent long-term outcome.
The sublime bridge: anatomy and implications in median nerve entrapment
Authors: Tubbs R. Shane , Marshall Tyler , Loukas Marios , Shoja Mohammadali M. , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A. 
Published: November 2009

Object
The sublime bridge is a potential site of entrapment of the median nerve in the forearm. To the authors' knowledge, this structure and its relationship to the median nerve have not been studied. The aim of the present study was to quantitate this structure and elucidate its relationship to the median nerve.

Methods
Sixty adult cadaveric forearms underwent dissection of the sublime bridge. Relationships of this structure were observed, and measurements of its anatomy were made. The relationship of the median nerve to the sublime bridge was observed with range of motion about the forearm.

Results
The sublime bridge was found to be tendinous in the majority (45 [75%]) of specimens and muscular in the remaining forearms (15 [25%]). The maximal mean width of the sublime bridge was 7 cm proximally, and the minimal mean width was 3 cm distally. The mean distance from the medial epicondyle to the apex of the sublime bridge was found to be 8.1 cm. The relation of the median nerve to the bridge was always intimate. On 2 sides (1 left and 1 right) from different male specimens, the median nerve was attached to the deep aspect of the sublime bridge by a strong connective tissue band, thus forming a tunnel on the deep aspect of this structure. With range of motion of the forearm, increased compression of the median nerve by the overlying sublime bridge was seen with extension but no other movement.

Conclusions
Based on the authors' study, pronator syndrome is an incorrect term applied to compression of the median nerve at the sublime bridge. This potential site of median nerve compression is distinct and has characteristics that can clinically differentiate it from compression of the median nerve between the heads of the pronator teres. The authors hope that these data will be of use to the surgeon in the evaluation and treatment of patients with proximal median nerve entrapment.
Image-guided anatomical and morphometric study of supraorbital and transorbital minicraniotomies to the sellar and perisellar regions: comparison with standard techniques
Authors: Beretta Federica , Andaluz Norberto , Chalaala Chiraz , Bernucci Claudio , Salud Leo , Zuccarello Mario 
Published: November 2009

Object
Minimally invasive approaches have been proposed for the treatment of anterior cranial base pathology. Whereas earlier studies have quantified surgical exposure by referring to the opening on the surface, this cadaveric morphometric study redefines the concept of working area by examining the deep exposures afforded by several different approaches. Specifically, the authors systematically quantify and compare the operative exposure afforded by the pterional, supraorbital, and transorbital keyhole approaches to the sellar, suprasellar, and perisellar regions, including the anterior communicating artery complex.

Methods
Pterional, supraorbital, and transorbital approaches were sequentially performed in 5 embalmed cadaveric heads on both sides. Preoperative and postoperative CT scans were obtained for frameless stereotactic navigation and measurements. Using reproducible anatomical landmarks, 6 triangles were defined to systematically measure the working area, depth of the surgical window, and angle of observation for each approach. Areas of the triangles were calculated using the Heron mathematical formula based on stereotactic navigation measurements. Ten sets of data were analyzed.

Results
The pterional, supraorbital, and transorbital keyhole approaches provided progressively increasing working areas. The transorbital approach was associated with significantly increased exposure when compared with the pterional approach (p < 0.01). The transorbital approach was associated with a shallower depth of the surgical window when compared with either the supraorbital (p < 0.05) or pterional (p < 0.01) approach. The angle of basal view increased 56.6% with the transorbital approach (p < 0.001) when compared with the supraorbital approach. The transorbital route provided greater exposure on deeply located midline and contralateral structures.

Conclusions
In refining the concept of working area as deep rather than superficial in the surgical field, the authors quantified the 6 triangles whose boundaries were relative to the target structures to be exposed in the approach. The authors' morphometric findings support the use of the supraorbital and transorbital approaches as a valid alternative to the pterional approach for the treatment of sellar and perisellar pathology. The transorbital approach combines the advantages of minimal invasiveness with those of cranial base techniques.
Imaging of hypoxic lesions in patients with gliomas by using positron emission tomography with 1-(2-[18F] fluoro-1-[hydroxymethyl]ethoxy)methyl-2-nitroimidazole, a new 18F-labeled 2-nitroimidazole analog
Authors: Shibahara Ichiyo , Kumabe Toshihiro , Kanamori Masayuki , Saito Ryuta , Sonoda Yukihiko , Watanabe Mika , Iwata Ren , Higano Shuichi , Takanami Kentaro , Takai Yoshihiro , Tominaga Teiji 
Published: November 2009

Object
Assessment of hypoxic conditions in brain tumors is important for predicting tumor aggressiveness and treatment response. A new hypoxia imaging agent, 1-(2-[18F]fluoro-1-[hydroxymethyl]ethoxy)methyl-2-nitroimidazole (FRP-170), with higher image contrast and faster clearance than preexisting hypoxia tracers for PET, was used to visualize hypoxic tissues in 8 patients with glioma.

Methods
The FRP-170 was injected and PET imaging was performed 2 hours later in 8 patients, including 3 with glioblastoma multiforme, 2 with oligodendroglioma, and 1 each with diffuse astrocytoma, anaplastic ganglioglioma, and recurrent anaplastic astrocytoma. All 8 patients also underwent MR imaging, and some patients underwent [11C]methionine or [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose PET, and proton MR spectroscopy for comparison. Tissues obtained at biopsy or radical resection were immunostained with hypoxia-inducible factor–1α (HIF-1α) antibody for the confirmation of hypoxia, except in the patient with recurrent anaplastic astrocytoma who was treated using Gamma Knife surgery.

Results
The FRP-170 PET images showed marked uptake with upregulation of HIF-1α in the 3 glioblastomas multiforme, and moderate uptake in the recurrent anaplastic astrocytoma and one oligodendroglioma, but no uptake in the other tumors. The FRP-170 PET images showed positive correlation with HIF-1α immunoreactivity and some correlation with FDG PET and MR imaging enhancement, but no correlation with [11C]methionine PET. Imaging with FRP-170 PET seemed to be more sensitive for detecting hypoxia than identifying the lactate peak on proton MR spectroscopy.

Conclusions
Imaging with FRP-170 PET can visualize hypoxic lesions in patients with glioma, as confirmed by histological examination. This new method can assess tumor hypoxia preoperatively and noninvasively.
Microsurgical removal of Onyx HD-500 from an aneurysm for relief of brainstem compression
Authors: Van Loock Katrin , Menovsky Tomas , Voormolen Maurits H. , Plazier Mark , Parizel Paul , De Ridder Dirk , Maas Andrew I. R. , Hernesniemi Juha A. 
Published: November 2009

The authors report the successful removal of Onyx HD-500 from an aneurysm sac by means of ultrasonic aspiration. This 46-year-old woman presented with progressive spasms of her left arm and leg due to mass effect and compression on the right cerebral peduncle 5 years after endovascular treatment of an unruptured giant posterior communicating artery aneurysm with Onyx HD-500. No filling of the aneurysm was detected on angiography.
The patient underwent a right pterional craniotomy and the aneurysm was opened to remove the Onyx mass. However, contrary to expectations, the aneurysm was still patent, filling with blood between the Onyx mass and the aneurysm wall. Under temporary clipping of the carotid artery, the Onyx mass within the aneurysm was removed in a piecemeal fashion using an ultrasonic aspirator and the aneurysm was then successfully clipped. The patient experienced significant improvement of the spasm after surgery. Angiography showed complete occlusion of the posterior communicating artery aneurysm.
It is rarely necessary to remove embolization material such as Onyx HD-500, and little is known about the most appropriate surgical technique. This case report demonstrates that removal can be safely accomplished by means of ultrasonic aspiration.
Effect of subthalamic deep brain stimulation on postural abnormality in Parkinson disease
Authors: Umemura Atsushi , Oka Yuichi , Ohkita Kenji , Yamawaki Takemori , Yamada Kazuo 
Published: November 2009

Object
Parkinson disease (PD) is often accompanied by various postural abnormalities such as camptocormia (bent spine) or Pisa syndrome (lateral flexion). The authors studied the effect of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) on postural abnormality in patients with PD.

Methods
The authors retrospectively reviewed the clinical course of 18 patients who suffered from significant postural abnormality and underwent bilateral STN DBS. Patients whose preoperative posture score (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III, item 28) was 2 or more in the “medication-on” state were enrolled in this study. Eight patients were considered to have camptocormia, and 10 patients were considered to have so-called Pisa syndrome. Nine patients showed apparent thoracolumbar spinal deformity on radiography. Most patients had significant motor fluctuations from levodopa.

Results
In 13 patients with moderate postural abnormality (score of 2 on item 28), 9 patients improved soon after surgery, but 1 patient relapsed. Two patients improved gradually over a long period after surgery, whereas 2 patients did not improve at all. In 5 patients with severe postural abnormality (score of 3 or 4 on item 28), 2 patients improved slightly in the long-term follow-up period after surgery, but 3 patients did not improve at all.

Conclusions
Postural abnormality in patients with PD could be ameliorated by STN DBS, and therefore surgery should be considered before irreversible spinal deformity develops.
Attenuation of astrogliosis and modulation of endothelial growth factor receptor in lipid rafts by simvastatin after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Wu Hongtao , Mahmood Asim , Lu Dunyue , Jiang Hao , Xiong Ye , Zhou Dong , Chopp Michael 
Published: November 2009

Object
The authors' previous studies have demonstrated that simvastatin treatment promotes neuronal survival and reduces inflammatory cytokine release from astrocytes after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats. Since reactive astrocytes produce inflammation mediators, in the current study the authors investigated the effect of simvastatin on astrocyte activation after TBI and its underlying signaling mechanisms.

Methods
Saline or simvastatin (1 mg/kg) was orally administered to rats starting at Day 1 after TBI and then daily for 14 days. Rats were killed at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after treatment. Brain sections and tissues were prepared for immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis, respectively. Cultured astrocytes were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and followed by immunocytochemical staining with glial fibrillary acidic protein/caveolin-1 and Western blot analysis. Lipid rafts were isolated from the cell lysate and Western blotting was carried out to detect the changes in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and phosphorylation in the lipid rafts.

Results
Simvastatin significantly promoted neuronal survival after TBI and attenuated activation of astrocytes. Simvastatin modified the caveolin-1 expression in lipid rafts in astrocyte cell membrane, suppressed the phosphorylation of EGFR in lipid rafts of astrocytes after OGD, and inhibited the OGD-induced interleukin-1 production.

Conclusions
These data suggest that simvastatin reduces reactive astrogliosis and rescues neuronal cells after TBI. These beneficial effects of simvastatin may be mediated by inhibiting astrocyte activation after TBI through modifying the caveolin-1 expression in lipid rafts and the subsequent modulation of EGFR phosphorylation in lipid rafts.
Marché contingenté à l'importation et marché des droits à importer en concurrence imparfaite
Authors: Guyomard Hervé , Laroche Catherine , Le Mouël Chantal 
Published: November 2009

<i>Import quota and import rights market
with imperfect competition : the case of banana
in the European Union </i>
The Common Market Organisation (CMO) for bananas in the European Union sets a tariff quota for Latin American and non-traditional ACP (Africa, Carribean and Pacific countries) bananas. Import rights are allocated between A operators (who imported dollar bananas in the pre-CMO regime) and B operators (who imported ACP and European fruits in the pre- CMO regime). In this paper, we develop an analytical framework which allows us to define the equilibrium characteristics on both the banana market and the import rights market. The model takes into account the market power potentially exerted by A operators on these markets.
Nouveaux outils pour analyser les effets de la prochaine réforme de la PAC sur les exploitations agricoles
Authors: Carles Roland , Decouvelaere François-Xavier , Millet Guy , Revel Alain , Sourie Jean-Claude 
Published: November 2009

New tools to analyse the effects of future cap reforms on the farms
Since 1990 one is witnessing a new interest for models of simulation which function at the farm level. They have allowed to make projections of the CAP reform. They represent faithfully the regional agriculture. At INRA of Grignon, three micro-economic models have been used : the farm type analysis (Simulpac) ; the linear programming, traditional tool of optimisation ; the non linear programming, following the Howitt's new method taking into account a coefficient of risk aversion, individualised for each farmer and each crop. Interest and limits of these three methods have been tested and analysed on two different French regions. Different changes of the CAP have then been simulated. They have been compared to the CAP applied in 1995: 0% to 25% set aside rate change; different food crops prices declines until intervention prices. Agricultural policy scenarios including more complex effects have been then tested : premiums reductions as proposed by the Commission for 1997 or single premium to the hectare. Finally the introduction of three non food crops has been simulated.
Le travail en agriculture : nouvelles demandes, nouveaux enjeux
Authors: Harff Yvette , Lamarche Hugues 
Published: November 2009

L'organisation du travail en agriculture connaît depuis quatre ou cinq ans de nouvelles tendances d'évolution susceptibles de transformer profondément le fonctionnement des exploitations et, plus largement, leurs caractéristiques identitaires. Dans une première partie sont analysées les différentes raisons, économiques, familiales et psychologiques, fondant la demande actuelle de main-d'œuvre et ses caractères nouveaux de flexibilité et de qualification. La seconde partie s'appuie sur une enquête en cours, en Beauce et en Bretagne, pour montrer les changements déjà observables au niveau des différents dispositifs répondant à cette demande : adaptation des dispositifs existants (cuma, eta, service de remplacement) et mise en place de nouveaux dispositifs (groupement d'employeurs, cercle d'échange).
L'observation des pratiques nouvelles confirme le caractère encore indéterminé des changements en cours, mais conforte l'hypothèse d'une profonde rupture.
Des conditions d'émergence d'un écolabel de produit
Authors: Nadai Alain 
Published: November 2009

Conditions for a successful development of product ecolabels : products environmental qualification and market exchange
Since the beginning of the nineties, product ecolabelling devices have proliferated world-wide. However, an industrial opposition hinders the development of the ecolabels on the final markets. We discuss the conditions for their successful development before turning on to examine the theoretical implications raised by this case study. It appears that the ability of the existing theoretical frameworks to analyse the impact of market competition on products qualification has to be examined more in detail.
Évolutions et stratégies dans la distribution alimentaire Les apports des sciences de gestion
Authors: Filser Marc 
Published: November 2009

Évolutions and strategies in food distribution: the contributions of research in business administration
The magnitude of evolutions in marketing channels has led to a major shift in the theoritical models developed by the research in business, mostly in marketing and strategic management. Three main research areas can be envisioned: analysis of retailing, both in terms of retail evolution and search of productivity gains at the store level, analysis of marketing channels, that greatly benefits from the progress of a contractual theories of interoganizationnal relations, and the development of theories of strategies management of the distributive firm. Even if these constructions are based on little unified theoritical frames, they show how researchers tend to formulate managerial guidelines for channel members : producers, wholesalers and retailers.
Les formes relationnelles entre les enseignes de grande distribution et leurs fournisseurs
Authors: Bouvier-Patron Paul 
Published: November 2009

Contractual forms between retailers and their suppliers in the food sector
Vertical integration on the one hand and contractual relations on the other hand are two main features of the food retailing sector. The economical weight of each of these both sides is more or less similar. However, in the long run, it seems that (a) the contractual side is more important than the integrated one and, in the same time, that (b) contractual forms related to high quality tend now to be dominant These two points (a, b) are the one we are going to explain here.
Contrat agri-environnemental : un outil pour quelles coordinations ?
Authors: Thannberger-Gaillarde Elisabeth 
Published: November 2009

The agro-environmental contract : a tool for which coordinations ?
The agro-environmental measures implement contracts between the State and the farmers. Their aim is to change the practices of the contractors or to maintain them, which is supposed to have an environmental impact. The aim of the paper is to show what constrains the contractor. With the help of an economics of conventions analysis, we show that the integration of the contract in the functioning of the farm system puts of the proof of the legitimacy of the contract. The contract induces new forms of coordination between the farmer and his socio-economic environment. The analysis is carried out the case of forest protection against fire in the Cevennes mountains and out the case of protection of species in the Crau steppe. We analyse constraints through the coordinations they involve.
Les mesures agri-environnementales en Grande-Bretagne
Authors: Buller Henry 
Published: November 2009

Agri-environmental schemes in Great-Britain: national concerns, european policy
If Great Britain has long been characterised by a high degree of concern for the protection and management of its rural environment, the introduction of a specific EU led agri-environmental policy has both highlighted the British tradition for supporting environementally sensitive farming systems and exposed the particularity of the British position with respect to other EU member States. The first member State to introduce a network of ESAs in 1985, Great Britain has subsequently fallen behind in the full implementation of agri-environmental policy as laid out in the 1992 regulation. This paper describes the emergence of British agri-environmental policy and considers the reasons behind the current position adopted by Britain with respect to subsequent agri-environmental regulation and, crucially, CAP reform.
Approche cognitive du pilotage stratégique de l'entreprise agricole.
Authors: Allain Sophie 
Published: November 2009

Behavioral approach of strategic management in a farm : the case of equipment decisions in cropping areas
The area of strategic management, especially for equipment decisions, is a key-concern for management consulting in a farm. We propose there to show the interest of a behavioral approach of équipement decisions in cropping areas, that is, an approach which purpose is to understand why and how somebody makes his decisions. We'll begin to present our theoretical groundings for studying strategic management decisions, then we'll build a framework for équipement decisions; we'll then apply it to different cases, and finally examine some implies for strategic management consulting.
De l'importance du maintien de la préférence communautaire pour l'agriculture française
Authors: Gohin Alexandre , Guyomard Hervé , Le Mouël Chantal 
Published: November 2009

The importance of the community preference for french agriculture : a general equilibrium assessment
The effects of removing all internal support measures in the French cereal, oilseed and protein crop (COP) sector, under the alternative assumption that the Community preference is either maintained or abolished, are assessed with MEGAAF. French grain imports from third countries are explicitly modeled, as well as the European protection system. Simulation results show that the French COP sector is far less affected when the Community preference is maintained. Results also suggest French self-sufficiency in grains could be challenged following the removal of the Community preference.