bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiation therapy for ductal carcinoma in situ
Authors: Punglia Rinaa S. , Burstein Harold J. , Weeks Jane C. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The benefit of adding radiation therapy after excision of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is widely debated. Randomized clinical trials are underpowered to delineate long‐term outcomes after radiation.METHODS:The authors of this report constructed a Markov decision model to simulate the clinical course of DCIS in a woman aged 60 years who received treatment with either of 2 breast‐conserving strategies: excision alone or excision plus radiation therapy. Sensitivity analyses were used to study the influence of risk of local recurrence, likelihood of invasive disease at recurrence, surgical choice at recurrence, and patient age at diagnosis on treatment outcomes.RESULTS:The addition of radiation therapy was associated with slight improvements in invasive disease‐free and overall survival. However, radiation therapy decreased the chance of having both breasts intact over a patient's lifetime. Radiation therapy improved survival by 2.1 months for women who were diagnosed with DCIS at age 60 years but decreased the chance of having both breasts by 8.6% relative to excision alone. The differences in outcomes between the treatment strategies became smaller with increasing age at diagnosis. Sensitivity analyses revealed a greater benefit for radiation with an increased likelihood of invasive recurrence. The decrement in breast preservation with radiation therapy was mitigated by an increased likelihood of mastectomy at the time of recurrence or new breast cancer diagnosis.CONCLUSIONS:The current analysis quantified the benefits of radiation after excision of DCIS but also revealed that radiation therapy may increase the likelihood of eventual mastectomy. Therefore, the authors concluded that patient age and preferences should be considered when making the decision to add or forgo radiation for DCIS. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
The enigma of myxofibrosarcoma of the extremity
Authors: Mutter Robert W. , Singer Samuel , Zhang Zhigang , Brennan Murray F. , Alektiar Kaled M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The reported high rate of local recurrence (LR) in myxofibrosarcoma raises the question of whether this sarcoma histology should be considered radioresistant. In this study, the authors compared rates and patterns of LR of high‐grade (HG) myxofibrosarcoma with rates and patterns of HG leiomyosarcoma, which was chosen because of the similarity in incidence and general treatment approach.METHODS:Two hundred two patients with primary, nonmetastatic extremity myxofibrosarcoma (n = 114) and leiomyosarcoma (n = 88) underwent limb‐sparing surgery and were followed prospectively. All 202 patients had HG tumors, and 138 patients (68%) received adjuvant radiation therapy.RESULTS:The groups were comparable in terms of age, sex, and receipt of chemotherapy. Compared with leiomyosarcoma, myxofibrosarcoma presented more frequently with tumors >5 cm (P < .001), deep location (P = .036), and upper extremity site (P = .015). In addition, rates of positive/close margins (P < .001) and the receipt of radiation therapy (P < .001) were significantly higher in the myxofibrosarcoma group. The 5‐year overall LR rate was not significantly different according to histology (14.6% for myxofibrosarcoma, 13.2% for leiomyosarcoma; P = .594). The only predictor of LR for the whole cohort of patients was positive/close margins (P = .01). Of 17 myxofibrosarcoma LRs, 8 (47%) occurred out of field, versus 1 of 12 (8%) leiomyosarcoma LRs (P = .04). Leiomyosarcoma more commonly recurred distantly (54.1% vs 24.3% at 5 years; P = .014).CONCLUSIONS:Despite more adverse clinical features, myxofibrosarcoma recurred distantly less often than leiomyosarcoma, whereas the LR rates were comparable between the 2 groups, suggesting that adjuvant radiation therapy is effective in myxofibrosarcoma. Myxofibrosarcoma LRs more commonly occurred out of field. Reduction in radiation field margins may not be advisable in patients with myxofibrosarcoma. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Bleeding in the patient with a malignancy
Authors: Escobar Miguel A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMany different factors can account for hemorrhagic complications in patients with malignancies. Potential etiologies include disease‐ or treatment‐related impairment of bone marrow function, or trauma to highly friable and vascularized malignant tissues. Immune impairment may also occur in solid or hematologic malignancies, leading to spontaneous formation of inhibitory antibodies against coagulation factor VIII (FVIII). Because hemorrhage due to acquired FVIII inhibitors will not respond to conventional treatment algorithms for bleeding, failure to promptly recognize and diagnose this condition may result in undue morbidity and mortality. The persistence of FVIII autoantibodies in the patient with cancer may further complicate necessary invasive diagnostic or therapeutic procedures in the short term and lead to lethal bleeding in the long term. Oncologists must therefore maintain a high index of suspicion for this diagnosis as 1 of many potential causes of bleeding in patients with a malignancy. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Axillary lymph node failure in patients treated with accelerated partial breast irradiation
Authors: Dekhne Nayana , Shah Chirag , Wilkinson J. Ben , Mitchell Christina , Chen Peter , Margolis Jeffrey , Vicini Frank 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Data on the risk of axillary failure (AF) after accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) are limited. In this study, the authors determined the rate of AF and regional lymph node failure (RNF) in patients who received various forms of APBI and identified factors that were associated with its occurrence.METHODS:In total, 534 patients with early stage breast cancer were treated at William Beaumont Hospital with APBI, including 466 patients (87%) with invasive breast cancer and 68 patients (13%) with ductal carcinoma in situ. Clinical variables (patient age, tumor location), pathologic variables (tumor size, grade, estrogen receptor status, margin status, lymph node status), and treatment‐related variables (receipt of hormone and systemic chemotherapy) were analyzed to determine which factors were associated with AF and RNF. The median length of follow‐up was 63 months (range, 1‐201 months).RESULTS:The 5‐year actuarial AF rate was 0.19%. Three patients (0.56%) developed RNF (all patients initially had invasive breast cancer) with a 5‐year actuarial rate of 0.37%. Two of the regional recurrences were in the supraclavicular fossa, and 1 was in the axilla. No variables were associated with AF. However, patient numbers were very small. The median survival after RNF was 0.8 years (range, 0.3‐1.7 years), and 2 of the 3 patients died of disease.CONCLUSIONS:The rate of AF and RNF after APBI was low and appeared to be similar to the rate observed with whole‐breast irradiation. No variables were associated with a higher rate of AF after APBI. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Profiling of Epstein‐Barr virus‐encoded microRNAs in nasopharyngeal carcinoma reveals potential biomarkers and oncomirs
Authors: Wong Alissa Michelle Go , Kong Kar Lok , Tsang Janice Wing Hang , Kwong Dora Lai Wan , Guan Xin‐Yuan 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) microRNAs are abundant in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tumors. With recent advances in serum microRNA detection, the distinct presence of EBV microRNAs in serum could aid in screening endemic regions for NPC. A proposed network of genes targeted by these microRNAs could also shed light on EBV‐associated tumorigenesis.METHODS:MicroRNA microarray profiling of 5 paired NPC biopsies was followed by validation of 12 up‐regulated EBV microRNAs (BART1‐3p, 2‐5p, 5, 6‐5p, 6‐3p, 7, 8, 9, 14, 17‐5p, 18‐5p, 19‐3p) in 15 additional cases by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Tumor (cellular) and serum microRNA copy numbers from the same 15 patients were correlated. Expression of the same microRNAs were also examined in EBV‐positive cell lines C666 and NP460hTERT+EBV. Bioinformatic tools helped predict cellular target genes, which were later confirmed by gene expression analysis.RESULTS:The authors' high‐throughput approach shows that EBV microRNAs are generally more up‐regulated than microRNAs of human origin. Twenty‐nine of 39 EBV microRNAs were significantly up‐regulated in tumor versus their nontumor biopsies (P < .05). Upon successfully validating 12 selected EBV microRNAs in 15 additional paired NPC cases, the authors found that their distinct presence in the serum of NPC patients positively correlated with cellular copy numbers of EBV microRNAs. Further investigation of potential EBV microRNA target genes revealed inhibition of tumor suppressor genes (eg, PTEN) and extensive deregulation of several pathways frequently involved in NPC (eg, Wnt signaling).CONCLUSIONS:Increasing knowledge of host‐virus interaction via microRNAs may provide feasible explanations underlying NPC tumorigenesis along with the development of biomarkers for screening high‐risk populations. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Comparison of clinical schemas and morphologic features in predicting Lynch syndrome in mutation‐positive patients with endometrial cancer encountered in the context of familial gastrointestinal cancer registries
Authors: Ryan Paul , Mulligan Anna Marie , Aronson Melyssa , Ferguson Sarah E. , Bapat Bharati , Semotiuk Kara , Holter Spring , Kwon Janice , Kalloger Steve E. , Gilks C. Blake , Gallinger Steven , Pollett Aaron , Clarke Blaise A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common extraintestinal malignancy in Lynch syndrome (LS) and often is the sentinel malignancy, yet there is no consensus regarding LS‐EC detection algorithms. In this study, the authors determined the efficacy of family/personal history and tumor morphology in predicting LS in a cohort of patients with EC who had mutation‐proven LS.METHODS:Amsterdam II (AmII) criteria, revised Bethesda guidelines (rBG), and Society of Gynecologic Oncologists (SGO) clinical screening criteria were applied to the pedigrees of 76 patients with mutation‐proven LS who had pathology‐proven EC. When tumors were tested for microsatellite instability (MSI) phenotype status or mismatch‐repair protein‐immunohistochemical (MMR‐IHC) expression, those results also were reviewed, and LS‐associated histopathologic features were documented in 38 available patients.RESULTS:Of 76 patients, 36%, 58%, 71%, and 93% would have been selected for further testing for LS by pedigree screening at the time of EC diagnosis with rBG, AmII, SGO 20%‐to‐25%, and SGO 5%‐to‐10% criteria, respectively. Ninety percent (18 of 20 tumors) of tested ECs had high MSI, and 96% (22 of 23 tumors) had abnormal MMR‐IHC expression. At least 1 LS‐EC morphologic feature was present in 16 of 38 tumors (42%).CONCLUSIONS:Clinical screening criteria had variable efficacy for the identification of LS‐associated EC, and SGO 5%‐to‐10% criteria performed best. Characteristic pathologic features were present in a minority of patients. Although a high proportion of LS‐ECs had the MSI phenotype and were MMR deficient, the specificity of these tests and of clinical screening for LS in unselected patients with EC has been poorly described. Prospective studies to determine the optimal combination of these screening modalities are required. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Testing for human papillomavirus in cervical cancer screening
Authors: Nishino Ha Thanh , Tambouret Rosemary H. , Wilbur David C. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractHigh‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing has become an integral component of cervical cancer screening, given that persistent infection with hrHPV was recognized as a significant risk factor for most precancers and cancers of the cervix. Particularly, testing for hrHPV types (in conjunction with cervical cytology) has been approved for primary screening in women over 30 years of age and for cost‐effective triaging of equivocal cervical cytology results. HPV was a small double‐stranded DNA virus that cannot be cultured in vitro; so, different types of tests have been developed to detect its presence. Various molecular techniques were available for detecting the presence and/or quantity of hrHPV. In this review, the testing options for hrHPV and its surrogates, with an emphasis on those approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), were detailed. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Maximizing the yield of lymph node cytology
Authors: da Cunha Santos Gilda , Boerner Scott L. , Geddie William R. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe evaluation of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes for tissue diagnosis and staging of lung cancer is now commonly performed by minimally invasive, nonsurgical procedures such as computed tomography‐guided fine‐needle aspiration and endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration. Ensuring that a sufficient quantity of cellular material has been acquired to enable multiple studies has become a priority issue in the era of personalized medicine, especially for patients with lung cancer, and this can be accomplished by rapid onsite evaluation (ROSE). This commentary focuses on the use of ROSE in guided procedures, especially for hilar and mediastinal lymph node aspirates, and describes an algorithm for handling these specimens. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Timing of Sonic hedgehog and Gli1 expression segregates midbrain dopamine neurons
Authors: Hayes Lindsay , Zhang Zhiwei , Albert Paul , Zervas Mark , Ahn Sohyun 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe ventral midbrain (vMb) is organized into distinct anatomical domains and contains cohorts of functionally distinct subtypes of midbrain dopamine (mDA) neurons. We tested the hypothesis that genetic history and timing of gene expression within mDA neuron progenitors impart spatial diversity. Using genetic inducible fate mapping to mark the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and Gli1 lineages at varying embryonic stages, we performed a quantitative and qualitative comparison of the two lineages' contribution to the mDA neuron domains. Dynamic changes in Shh and Gli1 expression in the vMb primordia delineated their spatial contribution to the embryonic day 12.5 vMb: Both lineages first contributed to the medial domain, but subsequently the Gli1 lineage exclusively contributed to the lateral vMb while the Shh lineage expanded more broadly across the vMb. The contribution of both lineages to the differentiated mDA neuron domain was initially biased anteriorly and became more uniform across the anterior/posterior vMb throughout development. Our findings demonstrate that the early Shh and Gli1 lineages specify mDA neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta while the late Shh and Gli1 lineages maintain their progenitor state longer in the posterior vMb to extend the production of mDA neurons in the ventral tegmental area. Together, our study demonstrates that the timing of gene expression along with the genetic lineage (Shh or Gli1) within the neural progenitors segregate mDA neurons into distinct spatial domains. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:3001–3018, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electronic Properties of Interfaces between PCPDTBT and Prototypical Electrodes Studied by Photoemission Spectroscopy
Authors: Aygül Umut , Peisert Heiko , Frisch Johannes , Vollmer Antje , Koch Norbert , Chassé Thomas 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe report on the electronic structure of poly[2,6‐(4,4‐bis‐ (2‐ethylhexyl)‐4H‐cyclopenta[2,1‐b;3,4‐b′]dithiophene)‐alt‐4,7(2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole)] (PCPDTBT), a promising low‐band‐gap donor material for efficient bulk heterojunction organic solar cells. Electronic properties of interfaces formed between PCPDTBT and prototypical electrodes [Au, indium‐tin‐oxide and poly(ethylene‐dioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate)], obtained from X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy, are evaluated. The formation of interface dipoles is observed, and their consequences for device performance are discussed. For the system PCPDTBT/Au chemical interactions occur, which may affect in particular the charge extraction at the corresponding interface.
Femtosecond Decay Dynamics of Intact Adenine and Thymine Base Pairs in a Supersonic Jet
Authors: Kim Nam Joon , Chang Jinyoung , Kim Hyung Min , Kang Hyuk , Ahn Tae Kyu , Heo Jiyoung , Kim Seong Keun 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe investigated the decay dynamics of the DNA base pairs adenine–adenine (A2), adenine–thymine (AT), and thymine–thymine (T2) produced in a supersonic jet by femtosecond (fs) time‐resolved photoionization spectroscopy. The base pair was excited by a fs pump pulse at 267 nm and the population change of its excited state was monitored by non‐resonant three‐photon ionization using a fs probe pulse at 800 nm after a certain time delay. All of the transients recorded in the mass channel of the parent ion exhibited a tri‐exponential decay, with time constants ranging from 100 fs to longer than 100 ps. Most of these time constants coincide well with the previous values deduced indirectly from the transients of protonated adenine (AH+) and thymine (TH+), which were assumed to be produced by fragmentation of the base‐pair ions. Notably, for the transient of T2, we observed a new decay component with a time constant of 2.3 ps, which was absent in the transient of TH+. We suggest that the new decay component arises from the decay of stacked T2 dimers that are mostly ionized to T2+, whereas the decay signal recorded in the mass channel of TH+ is merely from the relaxation of hydrogen‐bonded T2 dimers. From the amplitude of the new decay component, the population of the stacked T2 dimers relative to the hydrogen‐bonded dimers was estimated to be ∼2 % in the supersonic jet, which is about fifteen times higher than the theoretical value.
A Pilot Investigation of Emotion‐Focused Two‐Chair Dialogue Intervention for Self‐Criticism
Authors: Shahar Ben , Carlin Erica R. , Engle David E. , Hegde Jayanta , Szepsenwol Ohad , Arkowitz Hal 
Published: June 2011

Self‐criticism plays a key role in many psychological disorders and predicts poor outcome in psychotherapy. Yet, psychotherapy research directly targeting self‐critical processes is limited. In this pilot study, we examined the efficacy of an emotion‐focused intervention, the two‐chair dialogue task, on self‐criticism, self‐compassion and the ability to self‐reassure in times of stress, as well as on depressive and anxiety symptoms among nine self‐critical clients. Results showed that the intervention was associated with significant increases in self‐compassion and self‐reassuring, and significant reductions in self‐criticism, depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms. Effect sizes were medium to large, with most clients exhibiting low and non‐clinical levels of symptomatology at the end of therapy, and maintaining gains over a 6‐month follow‐up period. Although preliminary, these finding suggest that emotion‐focused chair work might be a promising intervention addressing self‐criticism. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

Self‐criticism is an important process in a variety of clinical disorders and predicts poor outcome in brief therapy for depression. Yet, little is known about how self‐criticism can be effectively addressed in psychological treatment.
Practitioners can benefit from increasing their awareness of self‐critical processes in their clinical work, and from directly working with emotions in addressing self‐criticisim.
Emotion‐focused two‐chair dialogue intervention can be effective in reducing self‐criticism, increasing self‐compassion, and decreasing depressive and anxiety symptoms, and these improvements are largely maintained six months after therapy.
Micro‐contact printing of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) as a tool to improve orientation and ordering of the P3HT layer
Authors: Scavia G. , Porzio W. , Destri S. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe effect of the stamp stretching during micro‐contact printing (μCP) onto the corresponding printed poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) layer has been analysed both from morphological (AFM) and structural (XRD) points of view. Results show an orienting effect of the stretching towards the P3HT ultimate morphological units (i.e. fibrils) along with the stretching direction. Other μCP parameters leading to an overall P3HT crystallinity improvement such as μCP mechanical pressure extent, substrate polarity, and post‐annealing treatments are shown. Finally, preliminary results of μCP of double polymer layers (DL) of P3HT/PCBM, used as active layer in organic photovoltaic cells, are presented. μCP guarantees that each layer within the DL essentially maintains the morphological and structural features typical of the corresponding starting layer. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ba2.2Ca0.8Mg4F14, a new “solid solution stabilized” matrix for an intense blue phosphor
Authors: Kubel F. , Pantazi M. , Hagemann H. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBarium calcium magnesium fluoride (Ba2(BaxCa1‐x)Mg4F14, x=0.19‐0.26) has been synthesized at 850 °C from precursors prepared by the solution precipitation method. Single crystals with composition of Ba2.200(2)Ca0.800(2)Mg4F14were obtained after prolonged heating. Lattice parameters from single crystal data are a = 12.4203(8) and c = 7.4365(5) Å [tetragonal, space group P42/mnm (No. 136)]. They increase with increasing barium concentration within a given stability window. The structure is built of a network of MgF6 octahedra forming a pyrochlore related channel system and isolated fluorine ions. Within the channels, heavy alkaline earth ions are located. The wide channel is filled with off‐center positioned barium ions. The channel with a narrow cross section hosts both ions, Ca2+and Ba2+. The structure is isotypic with Pb3Nb4O12F2 but has a different coordination around Ba/Ca and Pb, respectively. Doped with ∼1% Eu(II), the compound shows intense blue luminescence under UV activation. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characterization and optical properties of ZnS nanorods branched out from ZnS film on Zn foil
Authors: Zhang Xinhua , Chen Yiqing , Guo Taibo , Liu Lizhu 
Published: June 2011

AbstractComplex nanomaterial‐film‐metal substrate architectures, which are composed of ZnS nanorods, island‐like ZnS film and Zn foil, have been formed via a simple vapor deposition route. The growth of the complex nanostructures is initiated by the preferred formation of ZnS film, and ZnS nanorods branches out from ZnS film flows a liquid‐phase epitaxial growth mode. The ZnS nanorod is switched to an angle, which may be attributed to the sudden change of vapor pressure and temperature reduction by the end of vapor deposition process. The room‐temperature photoluminescence spectrum shows that complex ZnS nanostructures have a strong blue emission band centered at about 423 nm and a weak broad green emission band centered at about 515 nm. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)