bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutting Edge: Regulatory T Cells Selectively Attenuate, Not Terminate, T Cell Signaling by Disrupting NF-κB Nuclear Accumulation in CD4 T Cells
Authors: Huang Yu-Hui , Sojka Dorothy K. , Fowell Deborah J. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
A key consequence of regulatory T cell (Treg) suppression of CD4 T cells is the inhibition of IL-2 production, yet how Tregs attenuate IL-2 has not been defined. Current models predict a termination of TCR signaling, by disrupting T–APC contacts, or TCR signal modification, through mechanisms such as cAMP. To directly define Treg effects on TCR signaling in CD4 T cell targets, we visualized changes in nuclear accumulation of transcription factors at time points when IL-2 was actively suppressed. Nuclear accumulation of NFAT was highly dependent on sustained TCR signaling in the targets. However, in the presence of Tregs, NFAT and AP-1 signals were sustained in the target cells. In contrast, NF-κB p65 was selectively attenuated. Thus, Tregs do not generally terminate TCR signals. Rather, Tregs selectively modulate TCR signals within hours of contact with CD4 targets, independent of APCs, resulting in the specific loss of NF-κB p65 signals.
Randomized clinical trial of external stent drainage of the pancreatic duct to reduce postoperative pancreatic fistula after pancreaticojejunostomy
Authors: Motoi F , Egawa S , Rikiyama T , Katayose Y , Unno M 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Background
Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) remains one of the most common causes of morbidity following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). This randomized trial examined whether external stent drainage of the pancreatic duct decreases the rate of POPF after PD and subsequent pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ).

Methods
Consecutive patients who underwent PD with subsequent construction of a duct-to-mucosa PJ were randomized into a stented and a non-stented group. The primary outcome was the incidence of clinically relevant POPF. Secondary outcomes were morbidity and mortality rates, and hospital stay.

Results
Of 114 PD procedures, 93 were suitable for inclusion in the study after informed consent. The rate of clinically relevant POPF was significantly lower in the stented group than in the non-stented group: three of 47 (6 per cent) versus ten of 46 (22 per cent) (P = 0·040). Among patients with a dilated duct, rates of POPF were similar in both groups. Among patients with a non-dilated duct, clinically relevant POPF was significantly less common in the stented group than in the non-stented group: two of 21 (10 per cent) versus eight of 20 (40 per cent) (P = 0·033). No significant differences in morbidity or mortality were observed. Univariable analysis identified body mass index (BMI), pancreatic cancer, pancreatic texture, pancreatic duct size and duct stenting as risk factors related to clinically relevant POPF. Multivariable analysis taking these five factors into account identified high BMI (risk ratio (RR) 11·45; P = 0·008), non-dilated duct (RR 5·33; P = 0·046) and no stent (RR 10·38; P = 0·004) as significant risk factors.

Conclusion
External duct stenting reduced the risk of clinically relevant POPF after PD and subsequent duct-to-mucosa PJ. Registration number: UMIN000000952 (http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index-j.htm).
Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect in a geriatric population
Authors: Nakagawa Koji , Akagi Teiji , Taniguchi Manabu , Kijima Yasufumi , Goto Keiji , Kusano Kengo F. , Itoh Hiroshi , Sano Shunji 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects (ASD) in patients over 70 years of age. Background: Transcatheter closure of ASD is an established procedure in children and young adults, but the benefits of this procedure in geriatric patients are still unclear. Methods: Between 2005 and 2010, 430 patients with ASD underwent transcatheter closure in our hospital. Among those patients, 30 consecutive patients older than 70 years of age were prospectively evaluated. Results: Mean age at procedure was 75.8 ± 3.8 years (range: 70–85 years). Mean Qp/Qs was 2.4 ± 0.7 and mean ASD diameter was 20.3 ± 6.4 mm. Nine patients (30%) had a history of hospitalization due to heart failure. ASD closure was successfully performed in 28 patients (93%) without significant complications. During the follow‐up period (mean period of 19.1 ± 11.3 months), New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class was significantly improved in 20 patients (74%). Significant improvements of plasma BNP level, resting heart rate, and systolic pulmonary artery pressure were also observed. Improvement of tricuspid regurgitation was observed in 11 of 17 patients with moderate or severe regurgitation during the follow‐up period. Conversely, worsening of mitral regurgitation was observed in 10 of the 27 patients. Conclusion: Transcatheter closure of ASD in geriatric patients can be performed safely. This procedure contributes to significant improvement of symptoms and positive cardiac remodeling. Long‐term follow‐up is mandatory, especially for patients with mitral regurgitation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Purification process of phosphoric acid by vertical zone‐melting technique
Authors: Ren Yong‐sheng , Duan Xiao‐xiao 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe efficiency of vertical zone‐melting technique as a function of molten‐zone length, number of zone passes, molten‐zone velocity and phosphoric acid concentration on the purification process of phosphoric acid is studied. The results showed that adopting a relatively long molten‐zone length in the initial passes to effect a rapid movement of impurities and a short molten‐zone length in the later passes to obtain greater purification; additional zone‐passes cannot be made as impurities redistribution approaches limiting distribution; for stirring mechanism is not adopted in the present study and as diffusion is the only mixing process, slow molten‐zone velocity 3–6 mm h−1 is better; the purification efficiency increases with phosphoric acid concentration, and 94–99.8% concentration of phosphoric acid is better. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
CFD simulation for biomagnetic separation involving dilute suspensions
Authors: Khashan Saud A. , Haik Yousef , Elnajjar Emad 
Published: January 2012

AbstractFull‐Eulerian simulation of the separation of magnetic particles carried by a Newtonian fluid through a planar channel under the influence of a magnetic field is presented. The simulation is based on the application of the Navier–Stokes and concentration equations. The scheme for the magnetic separation of particles is achieved by applying an external magnetic dipole field. The hydrodynamic and magnetophoretic interactions between the particles and the carrier fluid are analysed. Analysis of the competing tendencies of mass transfer indicates that the magnetophoresis migration of magnetic particles is dominant over the molecular diffusion. This dominance becomes more evident at lower diffusivities leading to a drastic magnetic separation confined within a small region in the proximity of the magnetic field source. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Commentary on ‘Mass media interventions for preventing smoking in young people’
Authors: Prokhorov Alexander V. , Calabro Karen S. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis is a commentary of Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Brinn MP, Carson KV, Esterman AJ, Chang AB, Smith BJ. Mass media interventions for preventing smoking in young people. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 11. Art. No.: CD001006. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001006.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
New Anthracene Derivatives – Structure Elucidation and Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Debbab Abdessamad , Aly Amal H. , Edrada‐Ebel Ruangelie , Wray Victor , Pretsch Alexander , Pescitelli Gennaro , Kurtan Tibor , Proksch Peter 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThree new anthracene derivatives, which include tetrahydroanthraquinone 1 and two tetrahydroanthraquinone heterodimers 2 and 3, were isolated from Stemphylium globuliferum, together with four known metabolites 4–7. Detailed analysis of the spectroscopic data allowed the unambiguous determination of the structures of 1 and 2 and a revision of the structure of alterporriol C and its atropisomer. Furthermore, alterporriol G, previously obtained as part of a mixture, was isolated in its pure form for the first time and its structure was also revised. The absolute configurations of 1, 2 and 3 were assigned by calculation of their CD spectra, which also allowed the configurational assignment of altersolanol A and the determination of the axial chirality of alterporriols D and E. All isolated compounds were analysed for their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Compounds 1 and 5 inhibited the growth of most pathogenic microorganisms tested, whereas 2, 6 and 7 showed selective inhibition of bacteria but were inactive against fungi.
Serotonin 6 receptor gene and schizophrenia: case‐control study and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kishi Taro , Fukuo Yasuhisa , Okochi Tomo , Kawashima Kunihiro , Kitajima Tsuyoshi , Inada Toshiya , Ozaki Norio , Musso Giovanna M. , Kane John M. , Correll Christoph U. , Iwata Nakao 
Published: January 2012

ObjectivesSeveral lines of evidence suggest that genetic alterations in serotonin 6 (5‐HT6) receptors might be associated with the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. We sought to assess the relationship between genotype alterations in 5‐HT6 receptors and schizophrenia both in a case‐control study and a meta‐analysis.MethodsWe conducted an association study of the 5‐HT6 receptor gene (HTR6) in Japanese patients with schizophrenia (n = 836) and controls (n = 857). Five tagging single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including rs1805054 (C267T) in HTR6, were selected. In addition, we carried out a meta‐analysis between rs1805054, which has been examined in other studies, and schizophrenia, searching PubMed through August 2011.ResultsThere were no significant associations between the tagging SNPs in HTR6 and schizophrenia in any of the genotype models in both the simple and the multiple logistic regression analyses correcting for potential confounds. Similarly, no significant association was found in the all‐marker haplotype multiple logistic regression analysis (p = 0.491).Moreover, in the meta‐analysis of rs1805054, drawing data from five studies, including our own (schizophrenia patients = 1366, controls = 1376), rs1805054 was also not associated with schizophrenia.ConclusionsOur results indicate that tagging SNPs in HTR6 may not play a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dual wavelength tumor targeting for detection of hypopharyngeal cancer using near‐infrared optical imaging in an animal model
Authors: Keereweer Stijn , Mol Isabel M. , Vahrmeijer Alexander L. , Van Driel Pieter B.A.A. , Baatenburg de Jong Robert J. , Kerrebijn Jeroen D.F. , Löwik Clemens W.G.M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractOptical imaging is a promising technique to visualize cancer tissue during surgery. In this study, we explored the use of combinations of near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence agents that emit fluorescence signal at different wavelengths and each target specific tumor characteristics. Two combinations of agents (ProSense680 combined with 2DG CW800 and MMPSense680 combined with EGF CW800) were used to detect hypopharyngeal cancer in an animal model. ProSense680 and MMPSense680 detect increased activity of cathepsins and matrix metalloproteinases, respectively. These enzymes are mainly found in the invasive tumor border due to degradation of the extracellular matrix. 2DG CW800 detects tumor cells with high glucose metabolism and EGF CW800 is internalized by the epidermal growth factor receptor of tumor cells. Whole‐body imaging revealed clear demarcation of tumor tissue using all four agents. The tumor‐to‐background ratio (standard deviation, p‐value) was 3.69 (0.72, p < 0.001) for ProSense680; 4.26 (1.33, p < 0.001) for MMPSense680; 5.81 (3.59, p = 0.02) for 2DG CW800 and 4.84 (1.56, p < 0.001) for EGF CW800. Fluorescence signal corresponded with histopathology and immunohistochemistry, demonstrating signal of ProSense680 and MMPSense680 in the invasive tumor border, and signal of 2DG CW800 and EGF CW800 in the tumor tissue. In conclusion, we demonstrated the feasibility of dual wavelength tumor detection using different targeting strategies simultaneously in an animal model. Combined targeting at different wavelengths allowed simultaneous imaging of different tumor characteristics. NIR fluorescence optical imaging has the potential to be translated into the clinic in order to improve the complete removal of tumors by real‐time image‐guided surgery.
Age‐dependent accumulation of genomic aberrations and deregulation of cell cycle and telomerase genes in metastatic neuroblastoma
Authors: Coco Simona , Theissen Jessica , Scaruffi Paola , Stigliani Sara , Moretti Stefano , Oberthuer André , Valdora Francesca , Fischer Matthias , Gallo Fabio , Hero Barbara , Bonassi Stefano , Berthold Frank , Tonini Gian Paolo 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAbout 50% of children with neuroblastoma (NB) show a metastatic disease and have a poor prognosis. However, disease progression is greatly variable and depends on patients' age and MYCN oncogene amplification. To investigate the role of patients' age in tumor aggressiveness, we performed array‐CGH and gene expression profiles of three groups (G) of metastatic NBs: G1, stage 4S patients and MYCN single copy (MYCN−) tumors; G2, stage 4 patients, ≤18 months of age, MYCN− tumors and favorable outcome and G3, Stage 4 patients, ≥19 months with unfavorable outcome. G1 was characterized by numerical aberrations prevalently; on the contrary, all G3 tumors had structural rearrangements, whereas G2 showed an intermediate pattern. The average of numerical alterations decreased significantly from G1 to G2 to G3 (p < 0.01). Contrarily, the number of structural aberrations increased from G1 to G2 to G3 (p < 2.35 E−05). Noteworthy, G3/MYCN− NBs were characterized by several complex intrachromosome rearrangements. Expression analysis of the three groups showed significant differences in genes of Rho and Ras signaling pathways, development and adhesion, cell cycle regulation and telomerase activity. Accumulation of structural alterations increased with patients' age and was associated with a more aggressive disease. Abnormal expression of genes involved in cell cycle and telomerase in G3 may be responsible for the genomic instability in this cohort of patients. The higher DNA instability observed in G3/MYCN− NBs than in MYCN‐amplified G3 may also explain why patients ≥19 months have a poor outcome independently by MYCN status.
Inhibition of gecko GSK‐3β promotes elongation of neurites and oligodendrocyte processes but decreases the proliferation of blastemal cells
Authors: Wang Yingjie , Gu Qing , Dong Yingying , Zhou Weijuan , Song Honghua , Liu Yan , Liu Mei , Yuan Ying , Ding Fei , Gu Xiaosong , Wang Yongjun 
Published: January 2012

AbstractGSK‐3β signaling is involved in regulation of both neuronal and glial cell functions, and interference of the signaling affects central nervous system (CNS) development and regeneration. Thus, GSK‐3β was proposed to be an important therapeutic target for promoting functional recovery of adult CNS injuries. To further clarify the regulatory function of the kinase on the CNS regeneration, we characterized gecko GSK‐3β and determined the effects of GSK‐3β inactivation on the neuronal and glial cell lines, as well as on the gecko tail (including spinal cord) regeneration. Gecko GSK‐3β shares 91.7–96.7% identity with those of other vertebrates, and presented higher expression abundance in brain and spinal cord. The kinase strongly colocalized with the oligodendrocytes while less colocalized with neurons in the spinal cord. Phosphorylated GSK‐3β (pGSK‐3β) levels decreased gradually during the normally regenerating spinal cord ranging from L13 to the 6th caudal vertebra. Lithium injection increased the pGSK‐3β levels of the corresponding spinal cord segments, and in vitro experiments on neurons and oligodendrocyte cell line revealed that the elevation of pGSK‐3β promoted elongation of neurites and oligodendrocyte processes. In the normally regenerate tails, pGSK‐3β kept stable in 2 weeks, whereas decreased at 4 weeks. Injection of lithium led to the elevation of pGSK‐3β levels time‐dependently, however destructed the regeneration of the tail including spinal cord. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) staining demonstrated that inactivation of GSK‐3β decreased the proliferation of blastemal cells. Our results suggested that species‐specific regulation of GSK‐3β was indispensable for the complete regeneration of CNS. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 1842–1851, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Overexpression of the long non‐coding RNA MEG3 impairs in vitro glioma cell proliferation
Authors: Wang Pengjun , Ren Zhongqiao , Sun Piyun 
Published: January 2012

AbstractGliomas are the most common type of primary brain tumor in the central nervous system of adults. Maternally Expressed Gene 3 (MEG3) is an imprinted gene located at 14q32 that encodes a non‐coding RNA (ncRNA) associated with tumorigenesis. However, little is known about whether and how MEG3 regulates glioma development. In the present study we assayed the expression of MEG3 in glioma tissue samples by real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay, and defined the biological functions and target genes by CCK‐8 assay, flow cytometry, and RNA immunoprecipitation. We first demonstrated that MEG3 expression was markedly decreased in glioma tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, ectopic expression of MEG3 inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis in U251 and U87 MG human glioma cell lines. We further verified that MEG3 was associated with p53 and that this association was required for p53 activation. These data suggest an important role of MEG3 in the molecular etiology of glioma and implicate the potential application of MEG3 in glioma therapy. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 1868–1874, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Human umbilical cord wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells do not transform to tumor‐associated fibroblasts in the presence of breast and ovarian cancer cells unlike bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Subramanian Arjunan , Shu‐Uin Gan , Kae‐Siang Ngo , Gauthaman Kalamegam , Biswas Arijit , Choolani Mahesh , Bongso Ariff , Chui‐Yee Fong 
Published: January 2012

AbstractHuman bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs) were shown to transform into tumor‐associated fibroblasts (TAFs) when in the vicinity of breast cancer tumors and played an important role in tumor enhancement and metastasis. In early human development MSCs migrating from the yolk sac and aorta‐gonad‐mesonephros (AGM) via the umbilical cord to the placenta and back to the fetal bone marrow were shown to get trapped in the gelatinous Wharton's jelly of the umbilical cord. The common origin of the Wharton's jelly MSCs and the finally homed hBMMSCs prompted us to evaluate whether hWJSCs are also involved in TAF transformation. hWJSCs and hBMMSCs were grown in the presence of breast and ovarian cancer cell conditioned medium (MDA‐TCM, TOV‐TCM) for 30 days. No changes were observed in the hWJSCs but the hBMMSCs transformed from short to thin long fibroblasts, their proliferation rates increased and CD marker expression decreased. The transformed hBMMSCs showed positive staining for the tumor‐associated markers FSP, VEGF, EGF, and Tn‐C. Real‐time PCR and multiplex luminex bead analysis showed upregulation of TAF‐related genes (FSP, FAP, Tn‐C, Tsp‐1, EGF, bFGF, IL‐6, α‐SMA, VEGF, and TGF‐β) for hBMMSCs with low expression for hWJSCs. The luciferase assay showed that hWJSCs previously exposed to MDA‐TCM or TOV‐TCM had no stimulatory growth effect on luciferase‐tagged MDA or TOV cells unlike hBMMSCs. The results confirmed that hWJSCs do not transform to the TAF phenotype and may therefore not be associated with enhanced growth of solid tumors making them a safe MSC for cell based therapies. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 1886–1895, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Humeral head resurfacing in central bone defects: In vitro stability of different implants with increasing defect size
Authors: Kasten Philip , Neubrech Christine , Raiss Patric , Nadorf Jan , Rickert Markus , Jakubowitz Eike 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWe examined the rotary motions of two distinct cementless surface replacement arthroplasties of the shoulder that were implanted on humeri with central spherical bone defects of 8%, 17%, and 37% of the head volume (n = 5 each). Rotary motions were measured under a cyclic torque application and translated into relative micromotions. Implant A with a perforated central crown had micromotions < 150 µm in all bony defects and during all simulated shoulder activities. Implant B with a central tapered tri‐fin pin had no micromotions > 150 µm in defects of 0% and 8% during a strenuous activity like lifting 10 kg, but did exhibit micromotion > 150 µm in 40% of the experiments in defects of 17% and 37%, which could impair bony ingrowth. Implant B displayed a significant increase in micromotions for defects of 8% and 17% (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that implant A could be used without risk in spherical head defects up to 37% of volume, even in strenuous shoulder activities immediately after its implantation. Implant B, however, is recommended in spherical defects starting from 8% and only during light shoulder activities until bony integration of the implant has occurred. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1285–1289, 2012
Development of a homogeneous immunoassay based on the AlphaLISA method for the detection of chloramphenicol in milk, honey and eggs
Authors: Zhang Yi , Huang Biao , Zhang Jue , Wang Ke , Jin Jian 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: A homogenous light‐induced chemiluminescence immunoassay was developed using AlphaLISA technology for the detection of chloramphenicol (CAP). This technology is based on two different kinds of bead, namely light‐sensitive donor beads and beads containing chemiluminescers, also called acceptor beads. A competitive CAP AlphaLISA method was established using artificial antigen‐coated acceptor beads, polyclonal antibodies, biotinylated goat anti‐rabbit IgG and streptavidin‐coated donor beads.RESULTS: The sensitivity of detection was 0.0086 ng mL−1 and the working range was from 0.0096 to 25 ng mL−1. The intra‐ and inter‐assay coefficients of variation were both below 10%. The average recovery rates at spiked levels of 0.05–10 ng mL−1 were 103.2, 108.4 and 91.6% for milk, honey and eggs respectively. The data obtained from the samples showed good correlation with ELISA results.CONCLUSION: The CAP AlphaLISA method is highly sensitive, specific and rapid and is suitable for screening large quantities of samples. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry