bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High thyrotrophin levels at end term increase the risk of breech presentation
Authors: Kooistra L. , Kuppens S. M. I. , Hasaart T. H. M. , Vader H. L. , Wijnen H. A. , Oei S. G. , Pop Victor J. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryObjective  To study the relationship between maternal thyrotrophin (TSH) and breech presentation at term.Design  Combined data sets of two prospective studies to obtain adequate epidemiological power.Patients   One thousand and fifty‐eight healthy pregnant women (58 breech, 1000 cephalic) and 131 women who presented in breech at an obstetrical outpatient clinic.Measurements  Maternal thyroid parameters [TSH, free thyroid hormone (FT4), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO‐Ab)] and foetal presentation were assessed in both groups between 35 and 38 weeks gestation. Power calculations suggested that at least 148 breech cases were required.Results  The characteristics of the women in breech in both samples were similar. Women in breech (n = 58 + 131) had significantly higher TSH (but not FT4) than those (n = 1000) with cephalic presentation (Mann–Whitney U‐test, P = 0·003). Different cut‐offs were used to define high TSH in the 916 TPO‐Ab‐negative women with cephalic presentation: the 90th, 95th and 97·5th percentiles were 2·4 mIU/l (n = 149), 2·7 mIU/l (n = 77) and 3·2 mIU/l (n = 37). The prevalence rates of breech presentation in these women were all higher compared to the prevalence of breech in women below these cut‐offs (df = 1, P < 0·01). The relative risk of the 149 women with a TSH >90th percentile (>2·4 mIU/l) to present in breech was 1·82 (95% CI: 1·30–2·56).Conclusions  Women with high TSH at end term are at risk for breech presentation. Substantial evidence for a relation between breech presentation and neurodevelopmental delay exists. As high TSH during gestation has also been linked to poor neurodevelopment, the relation between breech presentation and poor neurodevelopment might be thyroid‐related.
Characterization of a novel loss‐of‐function mutation of PAX8 associated with congenital hypothyroidism
Authors: Di Palma Tina , Zampella Emilia , Filippone Maria Grazia , Macchia Paolo Emidio , Ris‐Stalpers Carrie , De Vroede Monique , Zannini Mariastella 
Published: August 2010

SummaryBackground  Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a common endocrine disease that occurs in about 1:3000 newborns. In 80–85% of the cases, CH is presumably secondary to thyroid dysgenesis (TD), a defect in the organogenesis of the gland leading to an ectopic (30–45%), absent (agenesis, 35–40%) or hypoplastic (5%) thyroid gland. The pathogenesis of TD is still largely unknown. Most cases of TD are sporadic, although familial occurrences have occasionally been described. Recently, mutations in the PAX8 transcription factor have been identified in patients with TD.Objective  Our aim was to identify and functionally characterize novel PAX8 mutations with autosomal dominant transmission responsible for TD.Design  The PAX8 gene was sequenced in a mother and child both suffering from congenital hypothyroidism (CH) because of thyroid hypoplasia. Subsequently, expression vectors encoding the mutated PAX8 were generated, and the effects of the mutation on both the DNA‐binding capability and the transcriptional activity were evaluated.Results  PAX8 gene sequencing revealed a heterozygous mutation that consists of the substitution of a histidine residue with a glutamine at position 55 of the PAX8 protein (H55Q). When tested in cotransfection experiments with a thyroglobulin promoter reporter construct, the mutant protein turned out to be still able to bind DNA in Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay assays but transcriptionally inactive.Conclusions  Our findings confirm the important role of PAX8 in normal thyroid development and support the evidence that in humans haploinsufficiency of PAX8 is associated with TD.
AIRE gene mutations and autoantibodies to interferon omega in patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism without APECED
Authors: Cervato Sara , Morlin Luca , Albergoni Maria Paola , Masiero Stefano , Greggio Nella , Meossi Cristiano , Chen Shu , Del Pilar Larosa Maria , Furmaniak Jadwiga , Rees Smith Bernard , Alimohammadi Mohammad , Kämpe Olle , Valenzise Mariella , Betterle Corrado 
Published: August 2010

SummaryObjective  To assess autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene mutations, class II HLA haplotypes, and organ‐ or non‐organ‐specific autoantibodies in patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism (CH) without associated Addison’s disease (AD) or chronic candidiasis (CC).Design, Patients and Measurements  Twenty‐four patients who had CH without AD or CC were included in the study. AIRE gene mutations in all 14 exons were studied using PCR in 24 patients, 105 healthy controls and 15 first‐degree relatives of CH patients with AIRE mutations. Human leucocyte antigens (HLA) were determined for all 24 patients and 105 healthy controls. Autoantibodies to a range of antigens including NACHT leucine‐rich‐repeat protein‐5 (NALP5) and interferon omega (IFNω) were tested in all 24 patients.Results  AIRE gene mutations were found in 6 of 24 (25%) patients, all females, and this was significantly higher (P < 0·001) compared with AIRE mutations found in healthy controls (2/105). Three patients (12·5%) had homozygous AIRE mutations characteristic of Autoimmune‐Poly‐Endocrinopathy‐Candidiasis‐Ectodermal‐Dystrophy and all three were also positive for IFNω‐autoantibodies. Three patients (12·5%) had heterozygous AIRE mutations; two of these were novel mutations. One of the patients with heterozygous AIRE mutations was positive for both NACHT leucine–rich‐repeat protein 5 and IFNω autoantibodies. Heterozygous AIRE mutations were found in 10 of 15 first‐degree relatives of CH patients with AIRE mutations, although none was affected by CH. Class II HLA haplotypes were not statistically different in patients with CH compared to healthy controls.Conclusions  Analysis of AIRE gene mutations together with serum autoantibody profile should be helpful in the assessment of patients with CH, in particular young women with associated autoimmune diseases.
Organizational commitment as a predictor variable in nursing turnover research: literature review
Authors: Wagner Cheryl M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTitle.  Organizational commitment as a predictor variable in nursing turnover research: literature review Aim.  This paper is a report of a literature review to (1) demonstrate the predictability of organizational commitment as a variable, (2) compare organizational commitment and job satisfaction as predictor variables and (3) determine the usefulness of organizational commitment in nursing turnover research.Background.  Organizational commitment is not routinely selected as a predictor variable in nursing studies, although the evidence suggests that it is a reliable predictor. Findings from turnover studies can help determine the previous performance of organizational commitment, and be compared to those of studies using the more conventional variable of job satisfaction.Methods.  Published research studies in English were accessed for the period 1960–2006 using the CINAHL, EBSCOHealthsource Nursing, ERIC, PROQUEST, Journals@OVID, PubMed, PsychINFO, Health and Psychosocial Instruments (HAPI) and COCHRANE library databases and Business Source Premier. The search terms included nursing turnover, organizational commitment or job satisfaction. Only studies reporting mean comparisons, R2 or beta values related to organizational commitment and turnover or turnover antecedents were included in the review.Results.  There were 25 studies in the final data set, with a subset of 23 studies generated to compare the variables of organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Results indicated robust indirect predictability of organizational commitment overall, with greater predictability by organizational commitment vs job satisfaction.Conclusion.  Organizational commitment is a useful predictor of turnover in nursing research, and effective as a variable with the most direct impact on antecedents of turnover such as intent to stay. The organizational commitment variable should be routinely employed in nursing turnover research studies.
Grounded theory research: literature reviewing and reflexivity
Authors: McGhee Gerry , Marland Glenn R. , Atkinson Jacqueline 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTitle.  Grounded theory research: literature reviewing and reflexivity Aim.  This paper is a report of a discussion of the arguments surrounding the role of the initial literature review in grounded theory.Background.  Researchers new to grounded theory may find themselves confused about the literature review, something we ourselves experienced, pointing to the need for clarity about use of the literature in grounded theory to help guide others about to embark on similar research journeys.Discussion.  The arguments for and against the use of a substantial topic‐related initial literature review in a grounded theory study are discussed, giving examples from our own studies. The use of theoretically sampled literature and the necessity for reflexivity are also discussed. Reflexivity is viewed as the explicit quest to limit researcher effects on the data by awareness of self, something seen as integral both to the process of data collection and the constant comparison method essential to grounded theory.Conclusion.  A researcher who is close to the field may already be theoretically sensitized and familiar with the literature on the study topic. Use of literature or any other preknowledge should not prevent a grounded theory arising from the inductive–deductive interplay which is at the heart of this method. Reflexivity is needed to prevent prior knowledge distorting the researcher’s perceptions of the data.
Critical incident technique: a user’s guide for nurse researchers
Authors: Schluter Jessica , Seaton Philippa , Chaboyer Wendy 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTitle.  Critical incident technique: a user’s guide for nurse researchers Aim.  This paper is a description of the development and processes of the critical incident technique and its applicability to nursing research, using a recently‐conducted study of the Australian nursing workforce as an exemplar. Issues are raised for consideration prior to the technique being put into practice.Background.  Since 1954, the critical incident technique has been used to study people’s activities in a variety of professions. This five‐step technique can be modified for specific settings and research questions. The fruitfulness of a study using the technique relies on gaining three important pieces of information. First, participants’ complete and rich descriptions of the situation or event to be explored; secondly, the specific actions of the person/s involved in the event to aid understanding of why certain decisions were made; thirdly, the outcome of the event, to ascertain the effectiveness of the behaviour. As in other qualitative methodologies, an inductive analysis process can be used with the critical incident technique.Findings.  Rich contextual information can be obtained using this technique. It generates information and uncovers tacit knowledge through assisting participants to describe their thought processes and actions during the event. Use of probing questions that determine how participants take part in certain events, or act in the ways they do, greatly enhances the outcome. A full interpretation of the event can only occur when all its aspects are provided.Conclusion.  The critical incident technique is a practical method that allows researchers to understand complexities of the nursing role and function, and the interactions between nurses and other clinicians.
Waiting for healthcare: a concept analysis
Authors: Fogarty Caroline , Cronin Patricia 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTitle.  Waiting for healthcare: a concept analysis Aim.  This paper is a report of an analysis of the concept of waiting for health care from the client’s perspective.Background.  Waiting is commonplace in many areas of health care and has become a topical and politically important issue in the provision of healthcare services. Whilst managers and governments search for solutions to this problem, it is important that this aspect of clients’ healthcare experience is examined to evaluate its impact and implications for nursing practice.Methods.  The PubMed and CINAHL databases (dating from 1950 and 1982 to 2007 respectively) were searched using the keywords ‘health care’ and ‘waiting’. The reference lists of papers identified were also checked and this revealed literature from a number of other disciplines related to the concept.Results.  Waiting for health care is identified as an unspecified yet measurable period of time between identification of a healthcare problem and its diagnosis and treatment, when clients experience uncertainty and powerlessness whilst anticipating a disease outcome. The critical attributes of waiting for health care are: a period of measured time, subjective interpretation of the perceived significance of the measured time, feeling uncertain and powerless and anticipation of a response to the healthcare need.Conclusion.  Strategies that facilitate contact with clients through pre‐assessment clinics and giving written information and a contact point may seem obvious but are currently overlooked in busy healthcare environments. This is an area where nurses can lead in the delivery of person‐centred care and could potentially increase satisfaction with how waiting is managed.
Time to establishment success for introduced signal crayfish in Sweden – a statistical evaluation when success is partially known
Authors: Sahlin Ullrika , Smith Henrik G. , Edsman Lennart , Bengtsson Göran 
Published: August 2010

Summary 1. The signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus is an invasive species in Sweden, threatening the red‐listed nobel crayfish Astacus astacus through spreading the crayfish plague. Time‐to‐event models can handle censored data on such introduced populations for which the state (successful or not) is only partially known at the last observation, but even though data on introduced populations most often are censored, this type of model is usually not used for likelihood‐based inference and predictions of the dynamics of establishing populations. 2. We specified and fitted a probabilistic time‐to‐event model to be used to predict the time to successful establishment of signal crayfish populations introduced into Sweden. Important covariates of establishment success were found by the methods of ‘model averaging’ and ‘hierarchical partitioning’, considering model uncertainty and multi‐colinearity, respectively. 3. The hazard function that received the highest evidence based on the empirical data showed that the chances of establishment were highest in the time periods immediately following the first introduction. The model predicts establishment success to be <50% within 5 years after first introduction over the current distributional range of signal crayfish in Sweden today. 4. Among covariates related to temperature, fish species and physical properties of the habitat, the length of the growing season was the most important and consistent covariate of establishment success. We found that establishment success of signal crayfish is expected to increase with the number of days when growth is possible, and decrease with the number of days with extremely high temperatures, which can be seen to approximate conditions of stress. 5. Synthesis and applications. The results demonstrate lower establishment success of signal crayfish further north in Sweden, which may decrease the incentives of additional illegal introductions that may threaten the red‐listed noble crayfish Astacus astacus. We provide a fully probabilistic statistical evaluation that quantifies uncertainty in the duration of the establishment stage that is useful for management decisions of invasive species. The combination of model averaging and hierarchical partitioning provides a comprehensive method to address multi‐colinearity common to retrospective data on establishment success of invasive species.
Motivational correlates of physical activity in persons with an intellectual disability: a systematic literature review
Authors: Hutzler Y. , Korsensky O. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground  The purpose of this study is to systematically retrieve, examine and discuss scientific studies focusing on motivational correlates that both contribute to, and can be assumed to be effects of, participation in sport, recreation, or health‐related physical activities in persons with intellectual disability (ID).Methods  A systematic analysis of the literature retrieved through electronic databases and other resources was performed, covering articles published from 1980 through 2009. Inclusion criteria were based on terms referring to the participants, the psychosocial correlates and the type of activity.Results  Twenty‐three articles satisfied the inclusion criteria, and were divided into four categories of studies: (1) cross‐sectional designs, (2) experimental prospective one‐group designs, (3) longitudinal comparative intervention designs, and (4) qualitative designs. The level of quality regarding the intervention studies was assessed using four different scales, and on average they depicted a moderate level of evidence.Conclusions  Both exercise and sport‐related activities seem to contribute to well‐being. Improved physical fitness and elevated skill level gained during exercise and sport activities appear to serve as mediators for increased perceptions of self‐efficacy and social competence. Peer modelling, as well as video and audio reinforcement, appear to be important modalities in maintaining compliance to exercise programmes.
Nocturnal bruxing events: a report of normative data and cardiovascular response
Authors: OKESON J.P. , PHILLIPS B.A. , BERRY D.T.R. , BALDWIN R.M. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryTwenty subjects referred to a sleep laboratory for evaluation of sleep apnoea and found not to have any sleep disordered breathing problems were evaluated in this study. Bruxing events were recorded for frequency, duration, association with sleep stage and sleep position. The possible association between leg movements and bruxing events was also evaluated, but did not reveal any common mechanism. This study revealed that heart rate during bruxing events increased on average by 16.6%.
Condylar asymmetry and its relation to age in a group of patients with a craniomandibular disorder of myogenous origin
Authors: MILLER V.J. , MYERS S.L. , YOELI Z. , ZELTSER C. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryA group of patients with a myogenous origin of craniomandibular disorders was found to show a variation of condylar asymmetry with age. The curve obtained by plotting patient age against their asymmetry index was parabolic in nature. This differed from a group of patients with an arthrogenous origin of pain, where a linear correlation with age, with a negative slope, had previously been found. The mean asymmetry index for this group of patients was found to be 23.77%. This is higher than that reported for a group of patients with a craniomandibular disorder of arthrogenous origin, namely 18.76%. It appears that these two groups differ in the variation of condylar asymmetry with age.
Granuloma annulare associated with Hodgkin's disease
Authors: Setoyama Mitsuru , Kerdel Francisco A. , Byrnes Johne J. , Kanzaki Tamotsu 
Published: August 2010

A 39‐year‐old man was referred to our institution for treatment of Hodgkin's disease (HD) previously diagnosed at another hospital. On physical examination the patient had bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy (9 cm to 0.5 cm in size), but no clinical hepatosplenomegaly was noted. Examination of his skin showed indurated reddish macules and papules scattered over the trunk and buttocks (Fig. 1).Laboratory examination showed a hemoglobin of 13.9 g/100 mL, with a leukocyte count of 8600/mm3 with 69% neutrophils, 9% eosinophils, 2% monocytes, 22% lymphocytes, and 2% abnormal lymphocytes. The platelet count was 398 × 103/mm3. The serum IgG was 1877 g/100 mL, the IgA was 572.5 g/100 mL, and the IgM was 55.5 g/100 mL, Serum test for HTLV‐1 antibody was positive, but hepatitis B antigen and hepatitis C antibodies were negative, A 67Ga scintigram showed uptake in the supraclavicular and right retrocervical areas. Computed tomographic scans showed bilateral cervical lymph node and left axillary lymph node enlargement. Bone marrow aspiration was normal.A lymph node biopsy specimen from the left axillary region showed partially effaced lymph node architecture with a few immature or atypical mononuclear cells and some Reed‐Stemberg cells. Necrosis and fibrosis was not seen (Fig. 2), The diagnosis of HD, lymphocyte predominant subtype, was therefore confirmed and he was staged as HD‐IIA.Biopsies were also obtained from the skin of his back and abdominal wall which showed perifollicular and perivascular cellular infiltration composed of mature small lymphocytes, epithelioid histiocytes, and multinucleated giant cells. Neither Hodgkin cells nor Reed‐Sternberg cells were recognized in the lesional skin. Collagen bundles lying in the upper dermis and close to the adipose tissue showed focal necrobiotic change particularly in the center of the infiltration (Fig. 3).Alcian‐blue stain confirmed acid mucopolysuccharide deposition on and between degenerated collagen bundles. Special stains for fungus and mycobacterium were negative.Immunohistochemically, the epithelioid histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells labelled positive for HLA‐DR in the membrane and were positive for lysozyme and alpha‐1 antichymotrypsin in the cytoplasm. Intermingled with these cells, S100a positive dendritic cells were also present, especially around hair follicle. The lymphocytes were immunoreactive with UCHL‐1 (CD45RO), Leu3 (CD4), and Leu4 (CD3), However, only a few lymphocytes stained with Leu3a (CD8), These findings of the skin lesions were consistent with those of granuloma annulare (GA).The patient was started on combination chemotherapy ABVD (adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastin, and DTIC) for the HD, After 10 courses of the chemotherapy, the patient is disease free. The GA lesions also began to disappear following the institution of the chemotherapy and the lesions were mostly gone after a second course of ABVD.