bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of a sequential education and monitoring programme on quality‐of‐life components in heart failure
Authors: Cruz Fátima das Dores , Issa Victor Sarli , Ayub‐Ferreira Silvia Moreira , Chizzola Paulo Roberto , Souza Germano Emilio Conceição , Moreira Luiz Felipe Pinho , Lanz‐Luces José Ramón , Bocchi Edimar Alcides 
Published: July 2010

AimsTrials of disease management programmes (DMP) in heart failure (HF) have shown controversial results regarding quality of life. We hypothesized that a DMP applied over the long‐term could produce different effects on each of the quality‐of‐life components.Methods and resultsWe extended the prospective, randomized REMADHE Trial, which studied a DMP in HF patients. We analysed changes in Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire components in 412 patients, 60.5% male, age 50.2 ± 11.4 years, left ventricular ejection fraction 34.7 ± 10.5%. During a mean follow‐up of 3.6 ± 2.2 years, 6.3% of patients underwent heart transplantation and 31.8% died. Global quality‐of‐life scores improved in the DMP intervention group, compared with controls, respectively: 57.5 ± 3.1 vs. 52.6 ± 4.3 at baseline, 32.7 ± 3.9 vs. 40.2 ± 6.3 at 6 months, 31.9 ± 4.3 vs. 41.5 ± 7.4 at 12 months, 26.8 ± 3.1 vs. 47.0 ± 5.3 at the final assessment; P < 0.01. Similarly, the physical component (23.7 ± 1.4 vs. 21.1 ± 2.2 at baseline, 16.2 ± 2.9 vs. 18.0 ± 3.3 at 6 months, 17.3 ± 2.9 vs. 23.1 ± 5.7 at 12 months, 11.4 ± 1.6 vs. 19.9 ± 2.4 final; P < 0.01), the emotional component (13.2 ± 1.0 vs. 12.1 ± 1.4 at baseline, 11.7 ± 2.7 vs. 12.3 ± 3.1 at 6 months, 12.4 ± 2.9 vs. 16.8 ± 5.9 at 12 months, 6.7 ± 1.0 vs. 10.6 ± 1.4 final; P < 0.01) and the additional questions (20.8 ± 1.2 vs. 19.3 ± 1.8 at baseline, 14.3 ± 2.7 vs. 17.3 ± 3.1 at 6 months, 12.4 ± 2.9 vs. 21.0 ± 5.5 at 12 months, 6.7 ± 1.4 vs. 17.3 ± 2.2 final; P < 0.01) were better (lower) in the intervention group. The emotional component improved earlier than the others. Post‐randomization quality of life was not associated with events.ConclusionComponents of the quality‐of‐life assessment responded differently to DMP. These results indicate the need for individualized DMP strategies in patients with HF.Trial registration information www.clincaltrials.gov NCT00505050—REMADHE.
Consequences of catch-and-release angling on the physiological status, injury, and immediate mortality of great barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda) in The Bahamas
Authors: O'Toole Amanda C. , Danylchuk Andy J. , Suski Cory D. , Cooke Steven J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractO'Toole, A. C., Danylchuk, A. J., Suski, C. D., and Cooke, S. J. 2010. Consequences of catch-and-release angling on the physiological status, injury, and immediate mortality of great barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda) in The Bahamas. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1667–1675. Great barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda) are a common marine predatory fish readily captured by anglers (frequently as incidental bycatch while pursuing other gamefish) and are consequently released at high rates. A study was conducted in coastal waters of The Bahamas to evaluate how common angling techniques influence their physiological status, hooking injury, and immediate mortality. Post-angling blood glucose and plasma sodium levels increased with fight-time duration, though lactate levels increased only with longer blood sampling times. Concentrations of plasma chloride and potassium were not influenced by angling duration. We did not observe any differences in injury, bleeding, hook removal, or hooking depth among three types of artificial lure tested. Most fish were hooked in non-critical areas and experienced minimal or no bleeding at the hook site, so immediate mortality upon landing was negligible. Although great barracuda appear to be fairly resilient to physiological stress and injury associated with catch-and-release angling and immediate mortality was insignificant, they typically reside in habitats where post-release predation is possible. As such, efforts should be made to promote careful handling to ensure high rates of survival.
Effect of yolk utilization on the specific gravity of chokka squid (Loligo reynaudii) paralarvae: implications for dispersal on the Agulhas Bank, South Africa
Authors: Martins Rodrigo S. , Roberts Michael J. , Chang Nicolette , Verley Philippe , Moloney Coleen L. , Vidal Erica A. G. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Martins, R. S., Roberts, M. J., Chang, N., Verley, P., Moloney, C. L., and Vidal, E. A. G. 2010. Effect of yolk utilization on the specific gravity of chokka squid (Loligo reynaudii) paralarvae: implications for dispersal on the Agulhas Bank, South Africa. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1323–1335. Specific gravity is an important parameter in the dispersal of marine zooplankton, because the velocity of currents, and therefore the speed of transport, is usually greatest near the surface. For the South African chokka squid (Loligo reynaudii), recruitment is thought to be influenced by the successful transport of paralarvae from the spawning grounds to a food-rich feature known as the cold ridge some 100–200 km away. The role of paralarval specific gravity on such transport is investigated. Specific gravity ranged from 1.0373 to 1.0734 g cm−3 during the yolk-utilization phase, implying that paralarvae are always negatively buoyant, regardless of yolk content. The data were incorporated into a coupled individual-based model (IBM)—Regional Ocean Modelling System model. The output showed that dispersal was dominantly westward towards the cold ridge. Also, modelled paralarval vertical distribution suggested that hydrodynamic turbulence was an important factor in dispersal. The negative buoyancy of early chokka squid paralarvae may reduce the risk of paralarvae being advected off the eastern Agulhas Bank and into the open ocean, where food is less abundant, so specific gravity may be important in enhancing the survival and recruitment of chokka squid.
Convergence in life-history traits in migratory deep-water squid and fish
Authors: Arkhipkin Alexander I. , Laptikhovsky Vladimir V. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractArkhipkin, A. I., and Laptikhovsky, V. V. 2010. Convergence in life-history traits in migratory deep-water squid and fish. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1444–1451. The life-history traits of two species of nektonic squid, Onykia ingens and Gonatus antarcticus, and Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides, all from the Southwest Atlantic, are reviewed to reveal the extent to which their life cycles have converged. All three follow similar ontogenetic migration, with spawning and egg development in meso-bathypelagic water over the continental slope. Larvae and small juveniles ascend to epipelagic water to feed and grow near the slope. Juveniles and immature adults migrate to the shelf and use it as their feeding grounds. After this period of fast growth on the shelf, the adults descend back to deep water to spawn. The potential advantages that such a life cycle gives to migratory deep-water animals over obligate bathypelagic and benthic fauna are discussed. The most likely cause of ontogenetic migration of juvenile deep-water organisms to the shelf, with the resulting fast growth, is to increase individual fecundity during the adult deep-water phase. Escape from predation and resource utilization at the next trophic level are also examined, but found to be less plausible explanations. Larger, mature animals have higher fecundity, bigger eggs, and larger, better-developed hatchlings, all of which enhance the survival rates of the species at the early stages of their ontogenesis.
Comparison of Antioxidant Components and Activity of Buckwheat and Wheat Flours
Authors: Sedej Ivana , Mandić Anamarija , Sakač Marijana , Mišan Aleksandra , Tumbas Vesna 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTPlant phenolics and tocopherols content were determined in light and wholegrain buckwheat and wheat flour. Antioxidant activity of flours were comparatively assessed by scavenging activity on 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), hydroxyl (•OH), and superoxide anion (O2•–) radicals, reducing activity, and chelating activity on Fe2+. Rutin, quercetin, and ferulic acid were quantified in both buckwheat flours, while ferulic acid was quantified in wholegrain wheat flour. Significantly higher content of phenolics and tocopherols was found in buckwheat than in wheat flours. Tocopherols in buckwheat flours were present in the order: γ‐ > α‐>> δ‐tocopherol, and in wheat flours: α‐ > γ‐ >> δ‐tocopherol. Buckwheat flours possessed better scavenging abilities on DPPH•, •OH and O2•– radicals, as well as better reducing activity, while wheat flours showed better chelating activity on Fe2+, according to IC50 values. Results suggest the possibility of improving the antioxidant properties of wheat‐based food products through addition of buckwheat flour.
Metabolic Profiling of Hearts Exposed to Sevoflurane and Propofol Reveals Distinct Regulation of Fatty Acid and Glucose Oxidation
Authors: Wang Lianguo , Ko Kerry W. S. , Lucchinetti Eliana , Zhang Liyan , Troxler Heinz , Hersberger Martin , Omar Mohamed A. , Posse de Chaves Elena I. , Lopaschuk Gary D. , Clanachan Alexander S. , Zaugg Michael 
Published: July 2010

Background
Myocardial energy metabolism is a strong predictor of postoperative cardiac function. This study profiled the metabolites and metabolic changes in the myocardium exposed to sevoflurane, propofol, and Intralipid and investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methods
Sevoflurane (2 vol%) and propofol (10 and 100 microM) in the formulation of 1% Diprivan (AstraZeneca Inc., Mississauga, ON, Canada) were compared for their effects on oxidative energy metabolism and contractility in the isolated working rat heart model. Intralipid served as a control. Substrate flux through the major pathways for adenosine triphosphate generation in the heart, that is, fatty acid and glucose oxidation, was measured using [H]palmitate and [C]glucose. Biochemical analyses of nucleotides, acyl-CoAs, ceramides, and 32 acylcarnitine species were used to profile individual metabolites. Lipid rafts were isolated and used for Western blotting of the plasma membrane transporters CD36 and glucose transporter 4.

Results
Metabolic profiling of the hearts exposed to sevoflurane and propofol revealed distinct regulation of fatty acid and glucose oxidation. Sevoflurane selectively decreased fatty acid oxidation, which was closely related to a marked reduction in left ventricular work. In contrast, propofol at 100 microM but not 10 microM increased glucose oxidation without affecting cardiac work. Sevoflurane decreased fatty acid transporter CD36 in lipid rafts/caveolae, whereas high propofol increased pyruvate dehydrogenase activity without affecting glucose transporter 4, providing mechanisms for the fuel shifts in energy metabolism. Propofol increased ceramide formation, and Intralipid increased hydroxy acylcarnitine species.

Conclusions
Anesthetics and their solvents elicit distinct metabolic profiles in the myocardium, which may have clinical implications for the already jeopardized diseased heart.
N -Acetylcysteine Protects against Bupivacaine-induced Myotoxicity Caused by Oxidative and Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Human Skeletal Myotubes
Authors: Galbes Olivier , Bourret Annick , Nouette-Gaulain Karine , Pillard Fabien , Matecki Stefan , Py Guillaume , Mercier Jacques , Capdevila Xavier , Philips Alexandre 
Published: July 2010

Background
Local anesthetics offer the benefits of extended analgesia with greater patient satisfaction and faster rehabilitation compared with intravenous morphine. These benefits, however, can be offset by adverse iatrogenic muscle pain. Here, the authors investigate the mechanisms of local anesthetic-induced myotoxicity and assess the protective effect of N-acetylcysteine.

Methods
The authors used primary cell cultures of human skeletal muscle myoblasts to study local anesthetic adverse effects. Production of reactive oxygen species was investigated in human skeletal myotubes by fluorescence microscopy. Expression of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum stress markers and induction of apoptosis were followed by immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis. Finally, the effect of N-acetylcysteine on bupivacaine-induced myotoxicity was investigated in vitro.

Results
Bupivacaine sequentially induced reactive oxygen species production, oxidative stress, sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum stress, and activation of caspases 9 and 7 in human differentiated myoblasts. These iatrogenic effects were prevented by N-acetylcysteine.

Conclusions
The authors demonstrated a protective effect of N-acetylcysteine against bupivacaine-induced sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in primary human skeletal muscle cell.
Increased Pulmonary Venous Resistance in Morbidly Obese Patients without Daytime Hypoxia
Authors: Her Charles , Cerabona Thomas , Baek Seung-Hoon , Shin Sang-Wook 
Published: July 2010

Background
The pulmonary artery (PA) diastolic-pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PAD-PCWP) gradient has been shown to be increased in morbidly obese patients without daytime hypoxia. In sepsis, the increased pulmonary venous resistance (PvR) contributes to increases in PAD-PCWP gradient. In addition, the obesity-related endotoxemia is known to be involved in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome in obesity. Therefore, it is possible that the increased PvR contributes to increases in PAD-PCWP gradient in morbid obesity. We examined this possibility.

Methods
Included were 25 obese patients without daytime hypoxia undergoing bariatric surgery under general anesthesia. PvR was calculated as the difference between mean PA output pressure and PCWP divided by cardiac index. Mean PA output pressure was computed from the harmonic form of the recorded PA pressure by applying an attenuating factor to its phasic components, for which Fourier analysis was used. Total pulmonary vascular resistance (TPVR) was calculated as the difference between mean PA pressure and PCWP divided by cardiac index. To avoid the effect of PA resistance on TPVR and PvR, the PvR/TPVR ratio was used.

Results
There was a good correlation between PvR/TPVR ratio and PAD-PCWP gradient (r2=0.785, P&lt;0.0001). When patients were divided into two groups based on PAD-PCWP gradient, the PvR/TPVR ratio was 0.67+/-0.06 (mean+/-SD) in the group with a PAD-PCWP gradient of at least 6 mmHg and 0.48+/-0.05 in the other group (P&lt;0.0001).

Conclusions
A strong correlation between PvR/TPVR ratio and PAD-PCWP gradient suggests that the increased PvR contributes to increased PAD-PCWP gradient in obese patients without daytime hypoxia.
Effects of Preoxygenation on Desaturation Time during Hemorrhagic Shock in Pigs
Authors: Pehböck Daniel , Wenzel Volker , Voelckel Wolfgang , Jonsson Kim , Herff Holger , Mittlböck Martina , Nagele Peter 
Published: July 2010

Background
Patients in hemorrhagic shock often require emergent airway management. Clinical experience suggests that oxygen desaturation occurs rapidly in these patients; however, data are scant. The hypothesis of this study was that increasing levels of hemorrhagic shock, varying levels of fraction of inspired oxygen (Fio2) for preoxygenation, and fluid resuscitation significantly affect the duration until critical desaturation occurs.

Methods
Fifteen pigs were studied in a hemorrhagic shock model with controlled hemorrhage (15, 30, and 45 ml/kg blood loss) and randomized to standard fluid resuscitation or no fluids. At each shock level, three apnea experiments (in randomized order) were performed after 5 min of preoxygenation at 21, 50, or 100% Fio2. After preoxygenation, ventilation was discontinued and the time to peripheral oxygen saturation of 70% or less was measured.

Results
During normovolemia, peripheral oxygen desaturation to less than 70% occurred after 33+/-7 s (Fio2=0.21, mean+/-SD), 89+/-12 s (Fio2=0.5), and 165+/-22 s (Fio2=1.0; P&lt;0.001). During increasing blood loss, peripheral oxygen desaturation to Spo2 less than 70% occurred significantly (P&lt;0.001) faster compared with normovolemia, but no effect of fluid resuscitation was observed. With 45 ml/kg blood loss, peripheral oxygen desaturation to less than 70% occurred after approximately 15 (Fio2=0.21) to 65 (Fio2=0.5) to 140 s (Fio2=1.0).

Conclusions
Findings from this swine hemorrhagic shock model confirm that Fio2 and the level of hemorrhagic shock, but not fluid resuscitation, influence the rate of apneic desaturation. A five-fold increase in time until critical oxygen desaturation occurs can be achieved when preoxygenating with 100% oxygen compared with room air, underscoring the importance of adequate preoxygenation before emergent airway management.
Toll-like Receptor 4-Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 Signaling Contributes to Ventilator-induced Lung Injury in Mice
Authors: Li Huihua , Su Xiaoli , Yan Xuebin , Wasserloos Karla , Chao Wei , Kaynar A. Murat , Liu Zhao-Qian , Leikauf George D. , Pitt Bruce R. , Zhang Li-Ming 
Published: July 2010

Background
The mechanisms of ventilator-induced lung injury, an iatrogenic inflammatory condition induced by mechanical ventilation, are not completely understood. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling via the adaptor protein myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is proinflammatory and plays a critical role in host immune response to invading pathogen and noninfectious tissue injury. The role of TLR4-MyD88 signaling in ventilator-induced lung injury remains incompletely understood.

Methods
Mice were ventilated with low or high tidal volume (HTV), 7 or 20 ml/kg, after tracheotomy for 4 h. Control mice were tracheotomized without ventilation. Lung injury was assessed by: alveolar capillary permeability to Evans blue albumin, wet/dry ratio, bronchoalveolar lavage analysis for cell counts, total proteins and cytokines, results of histopathological examination of the lung, and plasma cytokine levels.

Results
Wild-type mice subjected to HTV had increased pulmonary permeability, inflammatory cell infiltration/lung edema, and interleukin-6/macrophage-inflammatory protein-2 in the lavage compared with control mice. In HTV, levels of inhibitor of kappaB alpha decreased, whereas phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases increased. TLR4 mutant and MyD88 mice showed markedly attenuated response to HTV, including less lung inflammation, pulmonary edema, cell number, protein content, and the cytokines in the lavage. Furthermore, compared with wild-type mice, both TLR4 mutant and MyD88 mice had significantly higher levels of inhibitor of kappaB alpha and reduced extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation after HTV.

Conclusions
TLR4-MyD88 signaling plays an important role in the development of ventilator-induced lung injury in mice, possibly through mechanisms involving nuclear factor-kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways.
Identification and Characterization of in Vitro Galactosyltransferase Activities Involved in Arabinogalactan-Protein Glycosylation in Tobacco and Arabidopsis
Authors: Liang Yan , Faik Ahmed , Kieliszewski Marcia , Tan Li , Xu Wen-Liang , Showalter Allan M. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated hydroxyproline (Hyp)-rich glycoproteins that are frequently characterized by the presence of [Alanine-Hyp] ([AO]) repetitive units. AGP galactosyltransferase (GalT) activities in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) microsomal membranes were studied here with an in vitro GalT reaction system, which used acceptor substrates composed of [AO] repetitive units, specifically, a chemically synthesized [AO]7 acceptor and a transgenically produced and deglycosylated d[AO]51 acceptor. Incorporation of [14C]Gal from UDP-[14C]Gal into the [AO]7 and d[AO]51 acceptors was observed following HPLC fractionation of the reaction products. Hyp-[14C]Gal monosaccharide and Hyp-[14C]Gal disaccharide were identified in the base hydrolysates of the GalT reaction products, indicating the presence of two distinct GalT activities for the addition of the first and second Gal residues to the [AO] peptide in both tobacco and Arabidopsis. Examination of the Arabidopsis Hyp:GalT activity using various acceptor substrates, including two extensin sequences containing SO4 modules and a [AP]7 peptide, indicated this activity was specific for peptidyl Hyp in AGP sequences. Mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated that only one Gal was added per peptide molecule to the C-terminal or penultimate Hyp residue of the [AO]7 peptide. In addition, [AO]7:GalT and d[AO]51:GalT activities were localized to the endomembrane system of Arabidopsis suspension-cultured cells following sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The in vitro assay reported here to detect GalT activities using AGP peptide and glycopeptide acceptor substrates provides a useful tool for the identification and verification of AGP-specific GalT proteins/genes and an entry point for elucidation of arabinogalactan biosynthesis for AGPs.
Extracellular Nucleotides Elicit Cytosolic Free Calcium Oscillations in Arabidopsis
Authors: Tanaka Kiwamu , Swanson Sarah J. , Gilroy Simon , Stacey Gary 
Published: July 2010

AbstractExtracellular ATP induces a rise in the level of cytosolic free calcium ([Ca2+]cyt) in plant cells. To expand our knowledge about the function of extracellular nucleotides in plants, the effects of several nucleotide analogs and pharmacological agents on [Ca2+]cyt changes were studied using transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) expressing aequorin or the fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based Ca2+ sensor Yellow Cameleon 3.6. Exogenously applied CTP caused elevations in [Ca2+]cyt that displayed distinct time- and dose-dependent kinetics compared with the purine nucleotides ATP and GTP. The inhibitory effects of antagonists of mammalian P2 receptors and calcium influx inhibitors on nucleotide-induced [Ca2+]cyt elevations were distinct between CTP and purine nucleotides. These results suggest that distinct recognition systems may exist for the respective types of nucleotides. Interestingly, a mutant lacking the heterotrimeric G protein Gβ-subunit exhibited a remarkably higher [Ca2+]cyt elevation in response to all tested nucleotides in comparison with the wild type. These data suggest a role for Gβ in negatively regulating extracellular nucleotide signaling and point to an important role for heterotrimeric G proteins in modulating the cellular effects of extracellular nucleotides. The addition of extracellular nucleotides induced multiple temporal [Ca2+]cyt oscillations, which could be localized to specific root cells. The oscillations were attenuated by a vesicle-trafficking inhibitor, indicating that the oscillations likely require ATP release via exocytotic secretion. The results reveal new molecular details concerning extracellular nucleotide signaling in plants and the importance of fine control of extracellular nucleotide levels to mediate specific plant cell responses.