bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bronchoscopy in Cystic Fibrosis Infants Diagnosed by Newborn Screening
Authors: Stafler Patrick , Davies Jane C. , Balfour‐Lynn Ian M. , Rosenthal Mark , Bush Andrew 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundThere is evidence of early functional and structural changes in babies with cystic fibrosis (CF) diagnosed on newborn screening (NBS). The aim of the present study was to determine the yield of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) microbiology and cytology, and 24 hr pH monitoring in a group of CF infants diagnosed on NBS.MethodsInfants referred to a tertiary pediatric respiratory center between July 2007 and November 2009 underwent surveillance fiber‐optic bronchoscopy (FOB), BAL, and insertion of a 24 hr dual pH probe under a single general anesthetic.ResultsWe studied 33 infants, median age of 100 days (47–215 days) at the time of FOB. In 9 of 33 (27%) bacterial organisms were identified. Seven of the nine patients (78%) were asymptomatic and only one had had a positive cough swab prior to FOB. Neutrophilia was identified in 18/27 (67%) cases with a median of 11% (6–73%). 13/31 (42%) had an abnormal pH study with a pH index >12%.ConclusionsThe high yield of microbiology, cytology, and pH probe investigations in NBS infants justifies invasive surveillance. Longitudinal studies to determine if early aggressive treatment results in improved outcome are awaited. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:696–700. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative proteomic profiling in squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix
Authors: Fukushima Chikako , Murakami Akihiro , Yoshitomi Keiko , Sueoka Kotaro , Nawata Shugo , Nakamura Kazuyuki , Sugino Norihiro 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPurpose: Proteomic profiling of human uterine cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) tissues was performed to find new biomarkers for the early diagnosis and molecular target therapies.Experimental design: Proteins extracted from five of normal tissues and five of the SCC tissues were subjected to 2‐DE followed by LC‐MS/MS.Results: Twenty‐seven of the protein spots were increased, and five of them were identified by LC‐MS/MS to be cytokeratin‐19, HSP70, HSP27, glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase, and transgellin‐2. The upregulation of HSP70, HSP27, and transgelin‐2 was examined by Western blot of cultured SCC cell lines, ten additional normal tissues, ten additional SCC tissues, and three paired samples of the SCC tissue and its corresponding noncancerous tissue. The positive rate of HSP70 expression was higher in the SCC tissues than in normal tissues. Transgelin‐2 was observed only in the SCC tissues, and also those in the early stage.Conclusions and clinical relevance: The present study successfully identified three upregulated proteins in the uterine cervical SCC by proteomic analyses, and suggested that these proteins could be the candidates for new biomarkers for early diagnosis of SCC and molecular target therapies.
Virtual screening using molecular simulations
Authors: Yang Tianyi , Wu Johnny C. , Yan Chunli , Wang Yuanfeng , Luo Ray , Gonzales Michael B. , Dalby Kevin N. , Ren Pengyu 
Published: March 2011

AbstractEffective virtual screening relies on our ability to make accurate prediction of protein‐ligand binding, which remains a great challenge. In this work, utilizing the molecular‐mechanics Poisson‐Boltzmann (or Generalized Born) surface area approach, we have evaluated the binding affinity of a set of 156 ligands to seven families of proteins, trypsin β, thrombin α, cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK), cAMP‐dependent kinase (PKA), urokinase‐type plasminogen activator, β‐glucosidase A, and coagulation factor Xa. The effect of protein dielectric constant in the implicit‐solvent model on the binding free energy calculation is shown to be important. The statistical correlations between the binding energy calculated from the implicit‐solvent approach and experimental free energy are in the range of 0.56–0.79 across all the families. This performance is better than that of typical docking programs especially given that the latter is directly trained using known binding data whereas the molecular mechanics is based on general physical parameters. Estimation of entropic contribution remains the barrier to accurate free energy calculation. We show that the traditional rigid rotor harmonic oscillator approximation is unable to improve the binding free energy prediction. Inclusion of conformational restriction seems to be promising but requires further investigation. On the other hand, our preliminary study suggests that implicit‐solvent based alchemical perturbation, which offers explicit sampling of configuration entropy, can be a viable approach to significantly improve the prediction of binding free energy. Overall, the molecular mechanics approach has the potential for medium to high‐throughput computational drug discovery. Proteins 2011; © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Initiating injectable exenatide (Byetta) in primary care
Authors: Pattani Bhavisha , Roshan Mo , Bodmer Charles 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTraditionally primary care has been reluctant to initiate injectable therapies but, with the increasing number of new type 2 diabetes treatments delivered via injection, it is becoming more important that they feel comfortable taking on this role. Initiating treatment in primary care has been shown to provide benefits in reducing costs and providing continuity of care. Training is key, and so University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, in conjunction with its two PCTs, NHS Leicestershire County and Rutland and NHS Leicester City, has developed the GP competency induction programme designed to give GPs the tools they need to initiate exenatide in primary care. In this Expert Panel Discussion, the participants discuss the rationale for primary‐care initiation of exenatide, and how PCTs can work with practices to set up and support the process. They discuss how to monitor the programme's performance and measure its success in terms of outcomes and impact on budgets. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Interface Ltd
Side‐wall roughness of deep trenches in 1D and 2D periodic silicon structures fabricated by photoelectrochemical etching
Authors: Astrova E. V. , Fedulova G. V. , Zharova Yu. A. , Gushchina E. V. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract1D periodic array of trenches and a 2D array of ordered macropores, with trenches, have been fabricated by photoelectrochemical etching (PECE) of n‐Si (100). The roughness of the vertical walls of the deep trenches has been studied in relation to geometric parameters of the structures, etching regime and subsequent treatment in a KOH solution or thermal oxidation. It is shown that the smoothest walls are obtained in structures where the distance between the constituent elements is equal to the characteristic period a dependent on the resistivity of Si. The optimal etching current density for structures of both types is j /jPS = 0.4, where jPS is the critical current density corresponding to the transition from pore formation to electrochemical polishing. An additional smoothing diminished the height of wall irregularities up to ∼25 nm. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural and magnetic characterization of a porous silicon/Fe3O4 composite
Authors: Granitzer Petra , Rumpf Klemens , Venkatesan Munuswamy , Cabrera Lourisa , Roca Alejandro , Morales Puerto , Poelt Peter , Albu Mihaela 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMagnetite nanoparticles are infiltrated into porous silicon leading to an accumulation of the particles within the pores. The minimum distance between the Fe3O4‐particles is given by the coating of the particles which is in the range of a few nanometers. Due to the coating exchange coupling between the particles is excluded, whereas dipolar coupling can take place. The distance between the pores is about 45 nm which assures that the magnetic particle‐particle interaction within individual pores is stronger than between particles of adjacent pores. Thus the morphology of the porous silicon matrix influences the magnetic behaviour of the composite. Furthermore the transition between ferromagnetic behaviour (low temperatures) and superparamagnetic behaviour (higher temperatures) of the specimens is figured out by investigating samples with two different sizes of infiltrated Fe3O4 nanoparticles. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stratospheric gravity waves revealed in NWP model forecasts
Authors: Shutts G. J. , Vosper S. B. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCurrent operational numerical weather prediction models potentially have sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to resolve much of the inertia‐gravity wave spectrum (e.g. horizontal wavelengths in the region of 100–1000 km typically, and even longer zonal wavelengths in the Tropics). The effects of gravity wave dynamics are usually considered to be subgrid‐scale and parametrizable, either as stationary, mountain waves or travelling, non‐orographic waves. Simple techniques for isolating these waves in both the Met Office and ECMWF forecast models are presented and their associated wave fluxes (including three‐dimensional Eliassen–Palm fluxes) are computed for August 2006. In addition, a limited‐area configuration of the Met Office Unified model with 4 km horizontal resolution is run over a region that includes the southern half of the Andes mountain range. Spectral decompositions of the wave energy and momentum fluxes show a distinct peak in power at horizontal wavelengths of about 400 km, irrespective of whether a 4 or 40 km grid is used, although about one half of the power resides in wavelengths shorter than 200 km. The computed Eliassen–Palm fluxes are shown to be similar to the net parametrized gravity wave drag, although the latter are too widespread and uniform over the oceans, reflecting the absence of geographical source variation. Comparison of the time mean temperature amplitude of the waves in the mid‐stratosphere with estimates derived from limb‐sounder satellite measurements from the HIRDLS project suggests that forecast models are capable of capturing the correct overall strength and distribution of gravity wave activity. Copyright © 2011 British Crown copyright, the Met Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Impact quantification of the daVinci telemanipulator system on surgical workflow using resource impact profiles
Authors: Neumuth T , Krauss A , Meixensberger J , Muensterer OJ 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundIt has yet to be determined whether surgical assist systems benefit surgical workflow. This question should be answered qualitatively and quantitatively and must be supported by evidence gathered from structured and rigorous analyses.MethodsA method is presented to quantify the benefits of the daVinci telemanipulator system to surgical workflow. Based on the modeling of surgical processes, resource impact profiles (RIPs) were generated. RIPs are statistical mean intervention courses for a sample of surgical process models that were performed using a specific surgical assist system as a resource. A total of 12 laparoscopic and 12 telemanipulator‐supported Nissen fundoplications were modeled and analyzed to quantify the impact of the surgical assist system.ResultsFew statistically significant benefits of the system to surgical workflow were found. It was found that the daVinci system is not superior to the conventional laparoscopic strategy if the surgeon follows the same workflow.ConclusionsRIPs are a valuable method to estimate the impact of a surgical assist system on the surgical workflow. For the use case investigated, changes in workflow may be necessary to fully benefit from the advantages of using a telemanipulator in Nissen fundoplications. Conversely, the telemanipulator may only reach its full potential in more complex operations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The advantage of foreignness in innovation
Authors: Un C. Annique 
Published: March 2011

AbstractI argue that subsidiaries of foreign multinational enterprises (MNEs) enjoy an advantage of foreignness in innovation, that is, they are more innovative than domestic firms. To explain this, I present the subsidy and the incentive arguments. The subsidy argument proposes that subsidiaries are subsidized in their innovation effort by the MNE, which results in subsidiaries having more innovations than domestic firms, because they belong to a foreign MNE. The incentive argument posits that subsidiaries are subject to two sets of unique and converging pressures, one at the MNE level in the corporate factor market and another at the host country level in the consumer market. These pressures drive subsidiaries to become more successful at transforming their research and development investments into innovations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microcontact Printing: Arrays of Silicon Micro/Nanostructures Formed in Suspended Configurations for Deterministic Assembly Using Flat and Roller‐Type Stamps (Small 4/2011)
Authors: Yang Yumi , Hwang Youngkyu , Cho Hyun A , Song Jung‐Hoon , Park Seong‐Ju , Rogers John A. , Ko Heung Cho 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe ability to create and manipulate large arrays of inorganic semiconductor micro/nanostructures for integration on unconventional substrates provides new possibilities in device engineering. Here, simple methods are described for the preparation of structures of single crystalline silicon in suspended and tethered configurations that facilitate their deterministic assembly using transfer‐printing techniques. Diverse shapes (e.g., straight or curved edges), thicknesses (between 55 nm and 3 μm), and sizes (areas of 4000 μm2 to 117 mm2) of structures in varied layouts (regular or irregular arrays, with dense or sparse coverages) can be achieved, using either flat or cylindrical roller‐type stamps. To demonstrate the technique, printing with 100% yield onto curved, rigid supports of glass and ceramics and onto thin sheets of plastic is shown. The fabrication of a printed array of silicon p+–i–n+ junction photodiodes on plastic is representative of device‐printing capabilities.
Magnetic Nanocomposites: Magnetic Nanocomposites with Mesoporous Structures: Synthesis and Applications (Small 4/2011)
Authors: Liu Jian , Qiao Shi Zhang , Hu Qiu Hong , (Max) Lu Gao Qing 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMagnetic nanocomposites with well‐defined mesoporous structures, shapes, and tailored properties are of immense scientific and technological interest. This review article is devoted to the progress in the synthesis and applications of magnetic mesoporous materials. The first part briefly reviews various general methods developed for producing magnetic nanoparticles (NPs). The second presents and categorizes the synthesis of magnetic nanocomposites with mesoporous structures. These nanocomposites are broadly categorized into four types: monodisperse magnetic nanocrystals embedded in mesoporous nanospheres, microspheres encapsulating magnetic cores into perpendicularly aligned mesoporous shells, ordered mesoporous materials loaded with magnetic NPs inside the porous channels or cages, and rattle‐type magnetic nanocomposites. The third section reviews the potential applications of the magnetic nanocomposites with mesoporous structures in the areas of heath care, catalysis, and environmental separation. The final section offers a summary and future perspectives on the state‐of‐the art in this area.
Monozygotic twins discordant for trisomy 18
Authors: Reuss A. , Gerlach H. , Bedow W. , Landt S. , Kuhn U. , Stein A. , Reschke M. , Albrecht B. , Westrich V. , Trawicki W. , Eiben B. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe report on the pre‐ and postnatal cytogenetic, molecular genetic and clinical findings in monochorionic‐diamniotic twins discordant for trisomy 18. Structural anomalies were identified in one of the twins on prenatal ultrasound examination at 20 weeks' gestation and sampling of amniotic fluid from both sacs was performed for karyotyping. This revealed trisomy 18 in the twin with abnormalities and a normal karyotype in the other twin. Elective Cesarean section was performed at 31 + 5 weeks and the aneuploid twin died shortly after delivery. The surviving twin showed low‐grade mosaicism for trisomy 18 on postnatal analysis but has shown normal development. For prenatal diagnosis in monochorionic‐diamniotic twin pregnancy the sampling of both amniotic sacs is recommended, especially if one twin has structural anomalies on ultrasound scan. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of metal deposit distribution in ants (Crematogaster scutellaris) at the Florence external scanning microbeam
Authors: Gramigni E. , Calusi S. , Chelazzi G. , Del Greco F. , Delfino G. , Gelli N. , Giuntini L. , Massi M. , Santini G. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMetals are one of the major classes of environmental contaminants and raise concerns for their adverse effects on ecosystems. Ants are good candidates as bioindicators for metal contamination assessment; previous studies indeed showed that ants are able to selectively accumulate some metals within their tissues. Available works provide only whole‐body burdens of these contaminants, with scarce information on the fine‐scale localisation in tissues and organs, although this information is important to better understand the behaviour of metals in living organisms and to clarify their effects in ecosystems. At the Florence external scanning microbeam, we are carrying on a Particle Induced X‐ray Emission (PIXE) study on a common ant species sampled from sites with different environmental metal availabilities. Measurements were carried out on resin‐embedded, self‐standing sections for a direct localisation of metal deposits and an easy determination of their content. The combined use of the PIXE and the external scanning microbeam made it possible to map element distributions with good spatial resolution and sensitivity, restricting quantitative analyses to the metal accumulation regions. To determine in which tissues/organs metals concentrated, we compared PIXE maps with histological images on sections contiguous to the analysed slices. Measurements in the external set‐up allowed us to avoid sample damaging. Differences in metal concentrations in ants from different sites resulted from quantitative PIXE analyses. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radiative auger emission satellites observed by microcalorimeter‐based energy‐dispersive high‐resolution PIXE
Authors: Reis M. A. , Chaves P. C. , Taborda A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractParticle‐induced X‐ray emission is a well‐known technique able to provide information on absolute amounts of chemical elements present in samples, even if in very small amounts. Solid state as well as chemical effects are known to exist, and affect results, but are assumed to be second‐order small effects and until recently only experimentally accessible to high‐resolution Wavelegth Dispersive Spectrometer (WDS) systems. Microcalorimeter‐based high‐resolution energy‐dispersive X‐ray detector systems, which became commercially available recently, may radically change this situation. High‐resolution spectra obtained from point scan irradiations of an agate sample are presented in this work. In addition to a clear separation of the Si‐Kα and the Si‐Kβ groups, secondary order radiative auger emission satellites are observed. Finally, details of the spectrum structure are discussed and the presence of intrinsic plasmon satellites proposed to be a strong possibility to explain these details. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microbeam analysis of individual particles in indoor working environment
Authors: Matsuyama S. , Catella G. , Ishii K. , Terakawa A. , Kikuchi Y. , Kawamura Y. , Ohkura S. , Fujikawa M. , Hamada N. , Fujiki K. , Hatori Y. , Ito Y. , Yamazaki H. , Hashimoto Y. , Žitnik M. , Pelicon P. , Grlj N. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn machine workshops and laboratories, specific materials and chemicals are processed and toxic aerosols may be released into air. For protection of the health of employees working in that environment, it is therefore important to gather knowledge about aerosol composition related to specific working activity and to monitor the aerosol concentration levels. An extensive study of this kind was performed in the machine workshop of Jožef Stefan Institute using a combination of time‐, particle size‐ and location‐resolved sampling. The majority of samples were analyzed by particle induced X‐ray emission (PIXE) and energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry (EDX) techniques and the main results have been described in a separate paper. Here, we concentrate on presenting the results of individual particle analysis of an aerosol emission that is related to a short, unexpected episode related to the restoration of old furniture. Although the activity was identified by a strong correlation of elemental concentrations in a series of samples taken with a 2‐h time resolution, the single microparticle analysis of the cascade impactor samples taken over the longer time period offered an additional insight into the corresponding aerosol composition. The analysis of the aerosol size‐selected samples revealed strong pair correlations among concentration levels of Ba, Zn, S, Pb and Cl in a number of individual microparticles. The result is explained by the emission of Ba‐ and Pb‐rich aerosol particles in course of removal of the old white paint layers. The former particles appear to originate from white pigment called lithopone, which is a mixture of BaSO4 and ZnS, and the latter group seems to be related to Pattinson's white lead PbCl·OH. Although the individual particle analysis by itself is in principle capable of assigning the emission source, in this case, it was used as an excellent tool to enhance the quality of source characterization. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inguinal Hernia Repair in Patients with Cirrhosis is not Associated with Increased Risk of Complications and Recurrence
Authors: Oh Heung‐Kwon , Kim Hansuk , Ryoo Seungbum , Choe Eun Kyung , Park Kyu Joo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundAlthough inguinal hernia in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) is not uncommon, literature comparing operative complications and long‐term recurrence rate after inguinal hernia repair in LC patients and non‐LC patients is limited.MethodsA total of 780 eligible patients including 129 (16.5%) patients with LC underwent inguinal hernia repair with the standard McVay procedure by a single surgeon over a 10‐year period. Patients were prospectively registered and clinical data were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsIn the LC group, 45 patients were of Child‐Turcotte‐Pugh (CTP) class A (34.9%), 66 were class B (51.1%), and 18 were class C (14.0%). Eighty‐one patients with LC (62.8%) had ascites at the time of operation. Postoperative complications occurred in 14 LC patients (10.9%). Complication rate was unrelated to CTP class (A:B:C = 11.1%:9.1%:16.7%; P = 0.69) and was not higher than among non‐LC patients (6.8%; P = 0.11). Two LC patients (1.6%) of CTP class C died postoperatively from hepatic failure. In LC group patients, median follow‐up was 22.9 months and recurrence developed in three (2.3%). Cumulative recurrence rates were not significantly different between the LC and non‐LC patient groups (P = 0.87). The cumulative rate of contralateral side hernia development was also similar between the two groups (P = 0.63).ConclusionsOur results indicate that the incidence of postoperative complications and long‐term recurrence after inguinal hernia repair in LC patients does not differ from that in non‐LC patients. Elective repair of symptomatic inguinal hernia in patients with cirrhosis should be advocated.