bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD28 expression by peripheral blood lymphocytes as a potential predictor of the development of de novo malignancies in long-term survivors after liver transplantation
Authors: Boleslawski Emmanuel , Othman Samia Ben , Aoudjehane Lynda , Chouzenoux Sandrine , Scatton Olivier , Soubrane Olivier , Calmus Yvon , Delhem Nadira , Conti Filomena 
Published: December 2010

Abstract

At present, no method is available for accurately monitoring the degree of immunosuppression induced by antirejection therapies. The aim of this study was to determine whether CD28 and CD38 expression by peripheral blood mononuclear cells could be useful in predicting the development of de novo malignancies after liver transplantation. Flow cytometry analysis was used to measure the expression of CD28 and CD38 by peripheral blood lymphocytes in 134 stable, long-term survivors of liver transplantation. Patients who developed a de novo malignancy after undergoing a medical checkup were entered into a cancer group. Twenty-two patients (16.4%) developed at least 1 de novo malignancy over a mean interval of 22 ± 14 months (1.2-49.4 months) after the checkup. The mean frequency of CD28+CD8+ cells was significantly lower in the cancer group versus the noncancer group (39% ± 22 versus 51% ± 21, P = 0.008), but CD38 expression was similar in the 2 groups. Multivariate analysis indicated that an age greater than 50 years (odds ratio = 5.81) and a low frequency of CD28+CD8+ cells at the time of the checkup (odds ratio =3.16) were the only significant predictors of the development of de novo malignancies (P = 0.027). The actuarial proportion of patients with de novo malignancies was significantly lower when the frequency of CD28+CD8+ cells was greater than or equal to 40% instead of less than 40% (P = 0.01). Flow cytometry measurements of CD28 expression by peripheral blood lymphocytes may facilitate the identification of patients at a high risk of developing de novo malignancies. Further prospective studies are necessary to determine whether such measurements could have a place in routine clinical practice to enable the intensity of immunosuppression to be minimized in patients who have an increased risk of developing cancer. Liver Transpl, 2011. © 2011 AASLD.
Moving up: Ten questions for leaders in transition
Authors: Shaw Robert Bruce , Chayes Michael M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractCareer advancements move through stages that need to be managed skillfully. When handled well, transitions offer unique and, in many respects, unmatched growth opportunities for both a company and the leaders involved. When handled poorly, there are considerable downsides for all. In the first part of a two‐part series, the authors explain the ten questions that are critical for successful transitions.
Influence of a biopolymer admixture on corrosion behaviour of steel rebars in concrete
Authors: Roux S. , Bur N. , Ferrari G. , Tribollet B. , Feugeas F. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAmong the multitude of concrete structure pathologies, corrosion of rebars is one of the most important problems of concrete durability. In the context of sustainable development, it appears of primary importance to develop new means to protect the rebars against corrosion. This study aims to develop a new eco‐friendly and corrosion‐inhibiting admixture based on EPS 180 exopolysaccharides, biopolymers used in coatings already studied for the corrosion inhibition on steel in seawater. C15 rebars embedded in CEMI and CEMV cement paste containing EPS 180 were immersed in natural seawater and their electrochemical behaviour was studied using open circuit potential measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. These tests highlight the decrease of the cathodic reaction kinetics due to the EPS 180 action at the rebars surface, and the absence of effect on the passive layer. Capillary imbibition tests carried out on cement paste and mortars showed that although limiting the imbibition kinetics for cement pastes, the EPS 180 did not influence the water imbibition of mortars. Tests comparing capillary imbibition of soaked cement pastes and mortars with EPS 180 solution and the same samples containing the EPS 180 admixture highlight that the corrosion inhibition induced by EPS 180 admixture is more due to the modification of the cement – rebars interface than to the clogging of the cement porous network.
Influence of bacterial exopolymers on cell adhesion of Desulfovibrio vulgaris on high alloyed steel: Corrosion inhibition by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)
Authors: Stadler R. , Wei L. , Fürbeth W. , Grooters M. , Kuklinski A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractExtracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were studied with regard to their potential application as inhibitors of biocorrosion. EPS that have been isolated from biofilms of sulphate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) were adsorbed on samples of high alloyed steel (type 1.4301) at different temperatures. The samples were exposed to SRB containing solution and afterwards analysed by fluorescence microscopy (FM). The results show that the EPS form an incomplete layer and lead to a smaller amount of cell adhesion when compared to pure surfaces. The results are discussed with regard to the application of EPS for the prevention of biofilm formation.
Biodeterioration of synthetic materials – A brief review
Authors: Flemming H.‐C. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAlthough synthetic polymers are part of our global waste problem because they are not sufficiently biologically degraded, microorganisms can severely impair the properties and functions of these materials. It seems as if consumers do not really acknowledge this cause of problems and there is only sparse systematic research about. Damaging mechanisms include (i) covering of surfaces (biofouling) which may be enhanced by leaching of biodegradable additives, (ii) depletion of such additives which can lead to loss of material properties, (iii) intrusion into materials by fungal hyphae, (iv) water uptake, and (v) discoloration. The common countermeasure is the addition of biocides or simply to tolerate the effects of biodeterioration and live on with them. It is suggested to encourage further systematic research, and to develop integrated strategies in order to avoid problems, e.g., based on nutrient and water limitation whenever possible.
Porous Semi‐Interpenetrating Hydrogel Networks Based on Dextran and Polyacrylamide With Superfast Responsiveness
Authors: Dinu Maria Valentina , Perju Maria Marinela , Drăgan Ecaterina Stela 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAAm was free‐radical polymerized at various temperatures in the presence of N,N'‐methylenebisacrylamide as a cross‐linker and dextran resulting in novel Dx/PAAm semi‐IPNs. The structure and morphology of networks were investigated by means of FTIR, DSC, and ESEM. In comparison to the PAAm network, the interior network structures of the novel semi‐IPNs prepared at −18 °C exhibit a heterogeneous morphology consisting of pores of sizes about 80 µm, while those formed at +5 and +25 °C have pores with sizes about 3 µm. The Dx/PAAm semi‐IPNs exhibited higher swelling ratios, than those without Dx, irrespective of the gel preparation temperature. Moreover, Dx/PAAm semi‐IPN hydrogels formed at −18 °C attain the equilibrium state in water within 15 s. magnified image
Constitutive Generalization of a Microstructure‐Based Model for Filled Elastomers
Authors: Lorenz Hagen , Freund Michael , Juhre Daniel , Ihlemann Jörn , Klüppel Manfred 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA microstructure‐based model of rubber reinforcement is presented describing filler‐induced stress softening and hysteresis by the breakdown and re‐aggregation of strained filler clusters. An extension of the previously introduced dynamic flocculation model, it considers incomplete deformation cycles that occur in the simulation of arbitrary deformation histories. For these inner cycles additional elastic stress contributions of clusters are taken into account. A constitutive generalization of the model is introduced by referring to the engineering concept of representative directions. This allows for an implementation of the model into FE codes. Fair agreement between measurement and simulation is obtained for CB‐filled EPDM, loaded along various deformation histories. magnified image
Effect of Intramolecular Transfer to Polymer on Stationary Free‐Radical Polymerization of Alkyl Acrylates, 5 – Consideration of Solution Polymerization up to High Temperatures
Authors: Nikitin Anatoly N. , Hutchinson Robin A. , Wang Wei , Kalfas George A. , Richards John R. , Bruni Christopher 
Published: December 2010

AbstractButyl acrylate solution polymerization has been studied at 80–170 °C over a range of monomer and initiator levels. A PREDICI model has been developed to describe the experiments, taking into account chain backbiting, β‐scission, and addition of macromonomer. The model is used to estimate Arrhenius parameters for the rate coefficients of β‐scission [A(kβ) = (1.49 ± 0.28) × 109 s−1, Ea(kβ) = 63.9 ± 0.9 kJ · mol−1], for the ratio of the termination rate coefficients of secondary and midchain radicals ${\left[ {A(k_{{\rm t}} /k_{{\rm t}}^{{\rm t}} ) = 0.74\pm 0.08,\;\;\,E_{{\rm a}} (k_{{\rm t}} /k_{{\rm t}}^{{\rm t}} ) = {-} (11.2\pm 0.5){\rm kJ}\cdot {\rm mol}^{{-} 1} } \right]}$ and for the constant of chain transfer to xylene [A(CtrS) = 107 ± 13, Ea(CtrS) = 35.4 ± 0.8 kJ · mol−1] by fitting simulated dependencies to the experimental data.
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Europäische chemische Industrie: Erholt sie sich nach der Krise?
Authors: Schorsch Gilbert 
Published: December 2010

AbstractUnternehmen mit mehreren Standbeinen überstanden die schlechte Wirtschaftslage der letzen Monate mit weniger Rückschlägen als andere. Meisterten große Unternehmen die Situation besser als kleinere, deutsche besser als französische? Wie bestehen sie im Weltmarkt und gegenüber der Öffentlichkeit?
Plaste und Elaste sorgen für Wachstum
Authors: Neubauer Uta 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDer Polymerindustrie an den Chemiestandorten der DDR geht es 20 Jahre nach der Wiedervereinigung blendend. Umsatz und Beschäftigtenzahlen sind in den vergangenen Jahren kräftig gewachsen.
Robust controller synthesis with consideration of performance criteria
Authors: Chowdhury Amor , Sarjaš Andrej , Cafuta Peter , Svečko Rajko 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis paper presents interactive controller synthesis methods based on an inward approach and offers some advantages over the traditional loop gain shaping methods. The indirect use of weighting functions for the robustness controller tuning is introduced. Besides that, the method allows transparent closed‐loop pole placement to achieve desirable transient performance. The obtained controllers are of lower order for comparable performance than those synthesized withrmH2, H∞or µ‐synthesis. The method is particularly well suited for robust control problems where frequency domain constraints emerge from the analyses of non‐parametric uncertainties and also for control problems where the frequency domain loop shaping is used to achieve time domain performance specifications. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication of microfluidic chip using micro‐hot embossing with micro electrical discharge machining mold
Authors: Huang Mao‐Suan , Chiang Yuh‐Chyun , Lin Sheng‐Chieh , Cheng Hsin‐Chung , Huang Chiung‐Fang , Shen Yung‐Kang , Lin Yi 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis study develops an improved method for generating aluminum mold inserts used in the replication of polymer‐based microfluidic chip. Since molding masters that are suitable for microfluidic chip replication must have features whose dimensions are of the order of tens to hundreds of microns, micro electrical discharge machining is employed herein to fabricate an aluminum mold insert of a microfluidic chip. The width and depth of the aluminum mold insert for the microfluidic chip are 61.50 and 49.61 µm, respectively. The surface roughness values of the microchannel and the sample reservoir in aluminum mold insert for the microfluidic chip are 53.9 and 34.3 nm, respectively. PMMA material is adopted as the molded microfluidic chip that is produced by micro‐hot embossing molding. The PMMA material can replicate the microchannel and sample reservoir very well when the aluminum mold insert is used in micro‐hot embossing molding. The results indicate that the most important parameter in the replication of molded microfluidic chip is the embossing pressure, which is also the most important parameter in determining the surface roughness of the molded microfluidic chip. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Superabsorbent hydrogel composites and nanocomposites: A review
Authors: Kabiri K. , Omidian H. , Zohuriaan‐Mehr M. J. , Doroudiani S. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSuperabsorbent polymers are hydrophilic networks that can absorb and retain huge amounts of water or aqueous solutions. They are currently used in many areas including hygienic and bio‐related uses (particularly in disposable diapers), agricultural uses (e.g., water reserving in soil, soil conditioning, and controlled release of agrochemicals), pharmaceutical dosage forms, separation technology, fibers/textiles, water‐swelling rubbers, soft actuators/valves, electrical, construction, packaging, artificial snow, sludge/coal dewatering, fire‐extinguishing gels, etc. Addition of clays and organo‐modified clays into superabsorbent formulation has funded new generations of these hydrogels, i.e., superabsorbent hydrogel composites (SHCs) and superabsorbent hydrogel nanocomposites (SHNCs). New superabsorbent hydrogels are cheaper in price, and possess superior mechanical properties than non‐composite counterparts. This review introduces the SHC and SHNC polymers with the focus on different minerals and humic additives, synthetic methods, the hydrogel characteristics and their applications. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Apolipoprotein A‐I as a candidate serum marker for the response to lithium treatment in bipolar disorder
Authors: Sussulini Alessandra , Dihazi Hassan , Banzato Claudio Eduardo Muller , Arruda Marco Aurelio Zezzi , Stühmer Walter , Ehrenreich Hannelore , Jahn Olaf , Kratzin Hartmut D. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe molecular basis of bipolar disorder (BD) is still unknown as is the mechanism through which lithium, the therapy of choice, exerts its effects in treatment of BD. So far, no biomarkers exist to facilitate diagnosis of BD or treatment evaluation. To investigate whether BD and its treatment with lithium leaves a characteristic signature in the serum proteome, we used SELDI‐TOF MS to analyze individual serum samples from BD patients treated with lithium (BD‐plus‐Li, n=15) or other drugs (BD‐minus‐Li, n=10) and from healthy controls (n=15). Interestingly, features of 28 kDa (one peak) and 14 kDa (three peaks) showed a decreased level in the BD‐minus‐Li group and a level restored to that of the control group in the BD‐plus‐Li group. To reveal the identity of these features, we subjected pooled serum samples from both BD groups to the 2‐D DIGE technology and identified 28 kDa apolipoprotein A‐I (apo A‐I) and three 14 kDa fragments thereof as upregulated in the BD‐plus‐Li group. Immunoturbidimetry, a routine clinical assay, verified the characteristic apo A‐I signature in individual serum samples. In conclusion, we propose apo A‐I as a candidate marker that can visualize response to lithium treatment at the serum protein level.
Rapid and efficient protein digestion using trypsin‐coated magnetic nanoparticles under pressure cycles
Authors: Lee Byoungsoo , Lopez‐Ferrer Daniel , Kim Byoung Chan , Na Hyon Bin , Park Yong Il , Weitz Karl K. , Warner Marvin G. , Hyeon Taeghwan , Lee Sang‐Won , Smith Richard D. , Kim Jungbae 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTrypsin‐coated magnetic nanoparticles (EC‐TR/NPs), prepared via a simple multilayer random crosslinking of the trypsin molecules onto magnetic nanoparticles, were highly stable and could be easily captured using a magnet after the digestion was complete. EC‐TR/NPs showed a negligible loss of trypsin activity after multiple uses and continuous shaking, whereas the conventional immobilization of covalently attached trypsin on NPs resulted in a rapid inactivation under the same conditions due to the denaturation and autolysis of trypsin. A single model protein, a five‐protein mixture, and a whole mouse brain proteome were digested at atmospheric pressure and 37°C for 12 h or in combination with pressure cycling technology at room temperature for 1 min. In all cases, EC‐TR/NPs performed equally to or better than free trypsin in terms of both the identified peptide/protein number and the digestion reproducibility. In addition, the concomitant use of EC‐TR/NPs and pressure cycling technology resulted in very rapid (∼1 min) and efficient digestions with more reproducible digestion results.
Benzo[2,1‐b;3,4‐b′]dithiophene‐based low‐bandgap polymers for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Yuan Mingjian , Rice Andrew H. , Luscombe Christine K. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe synthesis of four alternating copolymers using benzo[2,1‐b;3,4‐b′]dithiophene (BDP) as the common donor unit is presented. Before the synthesis, theoretical calculations that we performed predicted that the incorporation of BDP, which consists of fused dithiophene units with a benzene ring, into these polymers would produce a low‐lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level. Low‐lying HOMO levels are desirable to produce high open circuit voltages (VOC) in organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) photovoltaic devices. The polymers' structural characterization, as well as the preliminary results of their performance in BHJ devices, using (6,6)‐phenyl C61‐butyric acid methyl ester as the electron acceptor, is presented. The VOC values follow the expected trend: increasing with decreasing HOMO level of the polymer. High VOC values of 0.81 and 0.82 V have been obtained from two polymers: PBDPBT and PBDPDPP. The initial power conversion efficiency achieved in these unoptimized devices was 1.11% because of relatively low JSC values. The variation observed in the JSC values between the four polymers is discussed. Device performance is expected to increase with optimization of processing conditions for the devices. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Benzotriazole derivatives as long wavelength photosensitizers for diaryliodonium salt initiators
Authors: Bulut Umut , Balan Abidin , Caliskan Cagin 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTwo benzotriazole derivative dyes 4,7‐bis(2,3‐dihydrothieno[3,4‐b][1,4]dioxin‐5‐yl)‐2‐dodecyl‐2H‐benzo[1,2,3]triazole, and 2‐dodecyl‐4,7‐bis(4‐hexylthiophen‐2‐yl)‐2H‐benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole are shown to work as efficient photosensitizers for a diphenyliodonium salt initiator in cationic photopolymerization of epoxide and vinyl monomers. Substituted thienyl groups are attached to benzotriazole backbone to extend conjugation and enhance electron density of the molecules. Thereby, it was possible to initiate polymerizations at room temperature using long wavelength UV and visible light. The progress of photopolymerizations was monitored using optical pyrometry. The photopolymerization of an epoxide monomer using solar irradiation was also demonstrated. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Thickness and annealing temperature effects on the optical properties and surface morphology of layer‐by‐layer poly(p‐phenyline vinylene)+dodecylbenzenesulfonate films
Authors: Therézio Eralci Moreira , Piovesan Erick , Vega Maria Letícia , Silva Raigna A. , Oliveira Osvaldo N. , Marletta Alexandre 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe fabrication of controlled molecular architectures is essential for organic devices, as is the case of emission of polarized light for the information industry. In this study, we show that optimized conditions can be established to allow layer‐by‐layer (LbL) films of poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) (PPV)+dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS) to be obtained with anisotropic properties. Films with five layers and converted at 110 °C had a dichroic ratio δ = 2.3 and order parameter r = 34%, as indicated in optical spectroscopy and emission ellipsometry data. This anisotropy was decreased with the number of layers deposited, with δ = 1.0 for a 75‐layer LbL PPV + DBS film. The analysis with atomic force microscopy showed the formation of polymer clusters in a random growth process with the normalized height distribution being represented by a Gaussian function. In spite of this randomness in film growth, the self‐covariance function pointed to a correlation between clusters, especially for thick films. In summary, the LbL method may be exploited to obtain both anisotropic films with polarized emission and regular, nanostructured surfaces. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011
Calorimetric study of a series of designed repeat proteins: Modular structure and modular folding
Authors: Cortajarena Aitziber L. , Regan Lynne 
Published: December 2010

AbstractRepeat proteins comprise tandem arrays of a small structural motif. Their structure is defined and stabilized by interactions between residues that are close in the primary sequence. Several studies have investigated whether their structural modularity translates into modular thermodynamic properties. Tetratricopeptide repeat proteins (TPRs) are a class in which the repeated unit is a 34 amino acid helix‐turn‐helix motif. In this work, we use differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to study the equilibrium stability of a series of TPR proteins with different numbers of an identical consensus repeat, from 2 to 20, CTPRa2 to CTPRa20. The DSC data provides direct evidence that the folding/unfolding transition of CTPR proteins does not fit a two‐state folding model. Our results confirm and expand earlier studies on TPR proteins, which showed that apparent two‐state unfolding curves are better fit by linear statistical mechanics models: 1D Ising models in which each repeat is treated as an independent folding unit.
Efficacy of non‐toxic surfaces to reduce bioadhesion in terrestrial gastropods
Authors: Kennedy Alan J , Vasudevan Ravikumar , Pappas Daphne D , Weiss Charles A , Hendrix Sara H , Baney Ronald H 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Invasive species are described as the greatest threat to biodiversity, after habitat destruction and climate change, potentially imposing economic impacts and indigenous species impairment. Commonly applied chemical controls present the potential for legacy contamination and non‐target organism injury. This study investigated the effects of different substrates and novel topographical surfaces on the behavioral and mechanical associations of the terrestrial gastropod Otala lactea.RESULTS: The gastropod preferentially aestivated on rough glass (61% increase, P < 0.01) relative to smooth glass but avoided a cross‐patterned surface tessellation on silicone (82% reduction, P < 0.01) relative to smooth silicone. Significant deviations in turning behavior were found on the cross‐patterned topographical surface and hydrophobic Teflon surfaces. The strongest correlation with gastropod adhesion strength to surfaces was found for surface elastic modulus (R = 0.88, P = 0.03), followed by hydrophobicity (R = − 0.71, P = 0.14), but no relationship with roughness (P = 0.36).CONCLUSION: Preliminary data suggest surface roughness controlled aestivation behavior while elastic modulus (surface flexibility) controlled adhesion strength. In spite of greater adhesion to high‐modulus materials, surface modulus was not a statistically significant controlling factor on gastropod aestivation preference. Understanding and exploiting the behavioral and mechanistic cues that organisms use while attaching to surfaces may lead to more environmentally benign control approaches. Published 2010 by John Wiley & Chemical Industry