bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antiangiogenesis Enhances Intratumoral Drug Retention
Authors: Ma Jie , Chen Chong-Sheng , Blute Todd , Waxman David J. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The tumor vasculature delivers nutrients, oxygen, and therapeutic agents to tumor cells. Unfortunately, the delivery of anticancer drugs through tumor blood vessels is often inefficient and can constitute an important barrier for cancer treatment. This barrier can sometimes be circumvented by antiangiogenesis-induced normalization of tumor vasculature. However, such normalizing effects are transient; moreover, they are not always achieved, as shown here, when 9L gliosarcoma xenografts were treated over a range of doses with the VEGF receptor-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors axitinib and AG-028262. The suppression of tumor blood perfusion by antiangiogenesis agents can be turned to therapeutic advantage, however, through their effects on tumor drug retention. In 9L tumors expressing the cyclophosphamide-activating enzyme P450 2B11, neoadjuvant axitinib treatment combined with intratumoral cyclophosphamide administration significantly increased tumor retention of cyclophosphamide and its active metabolite, 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide. Similar increases were achieved using other angiogenesis inhibitors, indicating that increased drug retention is a general response to antiangiogenesis. This approach can be extended to include systemic delivery of an anticancer prodrug that is activated intratumorally, where antiangiogenesis-enhanced retention of the therapeutic metabolite counterbalances the decrease in drug uptake from systemic circulation, as exemplified for cyclophosphamide. Importantly, the increase in intratumoral drug retention induced by neoadjuvant antiangiogenic drug treatment is shown to increase tumor cell killing and substantially enhance therapeutic activity in vivo. Thus, antiangiogenic agents can be used to increase tumor drug exposure and improve therapeutic activity following intratumoral drug administration, or following systemic drug administration in the case of a therapeutic agent that is activated intratumorally. Cancer Res; 71(7); 2675–85. ©2011 AACR.
Gene Expression Signature–Based Prognostic Risk Score in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Cho Jae Yong , Lim Jae Yun , Cheong Jae Ho , Park Yun-Yong , Yoon Se-Lyun , Kim Soo Mi , Kim Sang-Bae , Kim Hoguen , Hong Soon Won , Park Young Nyun , Noh Sung Hoon , Park Eun Sung , Chu In-Sun , Hong Waun Ki , Ajani Jaffer A. , Lee Ju-Seog 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Purpose: Despite continual efforts to develop a prognostic model of gastric cancer by using clinical and pathologic parameters, a clinical test that can discriminate patients with good outcomes from those with poor outcomes after gastric cancer surgery has not been established. We aim to develop practical biomarker-based risk score that can predict relapse of gastric cancer after surgical treatment.
Experimental Design: Microarray technologies were used to generate and analyze gene expression profiling data from 65 gastric cancer patients to identify biomarker genes associated with relapse. The association of expression patterns of identified genes with relapse and overall survival was validated in independent gastric cancer patients.
Results: We uncovered two subgroups of gastric cancer that were strongly associated with the prognosis. For the easy translation of our findings into practice, we developed a scoring system based on the expression of six genes that predicted the likelihood of relapse after curative resection. In multivariate analysis, the risk score was an independent predictor of relapse in a cohort of 96 patients. We were able to validate the robustness of the six-gene signature in an additional independent cohort.
Conclusions: The risk score derived from the six-gene set successfully prognosticated the relapse of gastric cancer patients after gastrectomy. Clin Cancer Res; 17(7); 1850–7. ©2011 AACR.
Specificity for the tumor-associated self-antigen WT1 drives the development of fully functional memory T cells in the absence of vaccination
Authors: Pospori Constandina , Xue Shao-An , Holler Angelika , Voisine Cecile , Perro Mario , King Judith , Fallah-Arani Farnaz , Flutter Barry , Chakraverty Ronjon , Stauss Hans J. , Morris Emma C. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Recently, vaccines against the Wilms Tumor antigen 1 (WT1) have been tested in cancer patients. However, it is currently not known whether physiologic levels of WT1 expression in stem and progenitor cells of normal tissue result in the deletion or tolerance induction of WT1-specific T cells. Here, we used an human leukocyte antigen-transgenic murine model to study the fate of human leukocyte antigen class-I restricted, WT1-specific T cells in the thymus and in the periphery. Thymocytes expressing a WT1-specific T-cell receptor derived from high avidity human CD8 T cells were positively selected into the single-positive CD8 population. In the periphery, T cells specific for the WT1 antigen differentiated into CD44-high memory phenotype cells, whereas T cells specific for a non–self-viral antigen retained a CD44low naive phenotype. Only the WT1-specific T cells, but not the virus-specific T cells, displayed rapid antigen-specific effector function without prior vaccination. Despite long-term persistence of WT1-specific memory T cells, the animals did not develop autoimmunity, and the function of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells was unimpaired. This is the first demonstration that specificity for a tumor-associated self-antigen may drive differentiation of functionally competent memory T cells.
Monosomal karyotype in primary myelofibrosis is detrimental to both overall and leukemia-free survival
Authors: Vaidya Rakhee , Caramazza Domenica , Begna Kebede H. , Gangat Naseema , Van Dyke Daniel L. , Hanson Curtis A. , Pardanani Animesh , Tefferi Ayalew 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Survival in cytogenetically high-risk patients with acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndromes is significantly worse in the presence of a monosomal karyotype (MK). The objective of the present study was to determine whether the same held true for primary myelofibrosis. Among 793 primary myelofibrosis patients seen at our institution, 62 displayed an unfavorable karyotype by way of complex karyotype (n = 41) or sole trisomy 8 (n = 21). Seventeen (41%) of the 41 patients with complex karyotype were classified as having an MK. Median survival was 6, 24, and 20 months in patients with MK, complex karyotype without monosomies, and sole trisomy 8, respectively (P < .0001). The corresponding 2-year leukemic transformation rates were 29.4%, 8.3%, and 0 (P < .0001); hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 6.9 (1.3-37.3) and 14.8 (1.7-130.8). The prognostic relevance of MK was not accounted for by the Dynamic International Prognostic Scoring System. We conclude that MK in primary myelofibrosis is associated with extremely poor overall and leukemia-free survival.
TIP110/p110nrb/SART3/p110 regulation of hematopoiesis through CMYC
Authors: Liu Ying , Timani Khalid , Mantel Charlie , Fan Yan , Hangoc Giao , Cooper Scott , He Johnny J. , Broxmeyer Hal E. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Intracellular factors are involved in and essential for hematopoiesis. HIV-1 Tat-interacting protein of 110 kDa (TIP110; p110nrb/SART3/p110) is an RNA-binding nuclear protein implicated in the regulation of HIV-1 gene and host gene transcription, pre-mRNA splicing, and cancer immunology. In the present study, we demonstrate a role for TIP110 in the regulation of hematopoiesis. TIP110 was expressed in human CD34+ cells and decreased with differentiation of CD34+ cells. TIP110 mRNA was also expressed in phenotyped mouse marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). Using TIP110 transgenic (TIP110TG) and haploinsufficient (TIP110+/−) mice, we found that increased TIP110 expression enhanced HPC numbers, survival, and cell cycling, whereas decreased TIP110 expression had the opposite effects. Moreover, TIP110+/− bone marrow HPCs responded more effectively, and TIP110TG HPCs less effectively, than those of wild-type control mice to recovery from the cell-cycle–active drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Unexplained sex differences were noted in HSC competitive repopulating ability, but not HPC numbers, in TIP110TG mice. Intracellularly, TIP110 regulated CMYC and GATA2 expression at the transcriptional level, and TIP110 and CMYC reciprocally regulated the expression of each other. These results demonstrate a role for TIP110 in the regulation of hematopoiesis, effects that are likely linked to TIP110 regulation of CMYC.
Variant Philadelphia translocations: molecular-cytogenetic characterization and prognostic influence on frontline imatinib therapy, a GIMEMA Working Party on CML analysis
Authors: Marzocchi Giulia , Castagnetti Fausto , Luatti Simona , Baldazzi Carmen , Stacchini Monica , Gugliotta Gabriele , Amabile Marilina , Specchia Giorgina , Sessarego Mario , Giussani Ursula , Valori Laura , Discepoli Giancarlo , Montaldi Anna , Santoro Alessandra , Bonaldi Laura , Giudici Giovanni , Cianciulli Anna Maria , Giacobbi Francesca , Palandri Francesca , Pane Fabrizio , Saglio Giuseppe , Martinelli Giovanni , Baccarani Michele , Rosti Gianantonio , Testoni Nicoletta ,   for the Gruppo Italiano Malattie EMatologiche dell'Adulto (GIMEMA) Working Party on Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Variant Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome translocations have been reported in 5%-10% of patients with newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Variant translocations may involve one or more chromosomes in addition to 9 and 22, and can be generated by 2 different mechanisms, 1-step and 2-step rearrangements, as revealed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The prognostic significance of the occurrence of variant translocations has been discussed in previous studies. The European LeukemiaNet recommendations do not provide a “warning” for patients with variant translocations, but there is limited information about their outcome after therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. To identify the role of variant translocations in early chronic phase (CP) CML patients treated with imatinib mesylate, we performed an analysis in a large series of 559 patients enrolled in 3 prospective imatinib trials of the Gruppo Italiano Malattie EMatologiche dell'Adulto (GIMEMA) Working Party on CML. Variant translocations occurred in 30 patients (5%). Our data show that the presence of variant translocations has no impact on the cytogenetic and molecular response or on outcome, regardless of the involvement of different mechanisms, the number of involved chromosomes, or the presence of deletions. Therefore, we suggest that patients with variant translocations do not constitute a “warning” category in the imatinib era. This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00514488 and NCT00510926.
Bortezomib induction of C/EBPβ mediates Epstein-Barr virus lytic activation in Burkitt lymphoma
Authors: Shirley Courtney M. , Chen Jianmeng , Shamay Meir , Li Huili , Zahnow Cynthia A. , Hayward S. Diane , Ambinder Richard F. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with a variety of lymphoid malignancies. Bortezomib activates EBV lytic gene expression. Bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, leads to increased levels of CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteinβ (C/EBPβ) in a variety of tumor cell lines. C/EBPβ activates the promoter of the EBV lytic switch gene ZTA. Bortezomib treatment leads to increased binding of C/EBP to previously recognized binding sites in the ZTA promoter. Knockdown of C/EBPβ inhibits bortezomib activation of EBV lytic gene expression. Bortezomib also induces the unfolded protein response (UPR), as evidenced by increases in ATF4, CHOP10, and XBP1s and cleavage of ATF6. Thapsigargin, an inducer of the UPR that does not interfere with proteasome function, also induces EBV lytic gene expression. The effects of thapsigargin on EBV lytic gene expression are also inhibited by C/EBPβ knock-down. Therefore, C/EBPβ mediates the activation of EBV lytic gene expression associated with bortezomib and another UPR inducer.
Electron Conductivity in Modified Models of Artificial Metal–DNA Using Green’s Function-Based Elastic Scattering Theory
Authors: Nakanishi Yasuyuki , Matsui Toru , Kitagawa Yasutaka , Shigeta Yasuteru , Saito Toru , Kataoka Yusuke , Kawakami Takashi , Okumura Mitsutaka , Yamaguchi Kizashi 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the current–voltage (I–V) characteristics between adjacent bases in two types of artificial metal–DNA (M–DNA) models, i.e., hydroxypyridone (=2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridone, H) and salen (=N,N′-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine, S) complexes, using an elastic scattering Green’s function method together with a density functional theory. In order to estimate quantitative behaviors of the I–V characteristics of the artificial M–DNAs, we considered I–V characteristics from the following viewpoints: the effect of spin states, the effect of backbone, and the effect of metal ions. We have found that the magnitude of the current of the H complex tends to become larger than that of the S complex. We also found that a difference in the spin states drastically changes the I–V characteristics. These behaviors suggest the possibility of the control of the I–V characteristics in the artificial M–DNA by an external magnetic field.
Dezentrale, deadlockfreie Steuerung eines Stetigförderers
Authors: Schönung Frank , Mayer Stephan , Berbig Dominik 
Published: March 2011

Zusammenfassung
Veränderte Randbedingungen für die innerbetriebliche Logistik erfordern heute flexible, rekonfigurierbare Materialflusssysteme mit kurzen Inbetriebnahmezeiten. Bisherige automatisierte Intralogistiksysteme erfüllen diese Anforderungen nur zum Teil. Dieser Beitrag stellt einen neuen Lösungsansatz eines Plug & Work-fähigen Stetigförderers vor, der den Anforderungen gerecht werden soll. Basis des Systems sind dezentrale Steuerungsalgorithmen, die ohne Unterstützung einer zentralen Instanz die Topologieerkennung, das Routing von Fördereinheiten sowie die Verhinderung von Deadlocksituationen bewältigen.
Engineering von modularen Förderanlagen im Internet der Dinge
Authors: ten Hompel Michael , Nettsträter Andreas , Feldhorst Sascha , Schier Arkadius 
Published: March 2011

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über Engineeringmethoden für modulare Förderanlagen nach dem Grundgedanken des Internet der Dinge. Durch strikte Modularisierung der mechanischen Fördermittel und durch Verteilung der Steuerungsintelligenz werden anpassungsfähige und skalierbare Materialflusssysteme bereits heute möglich. Neben der Beschreibung des Konzepts werden die Vorteile von modularen Systemen diskutiert. Den Kern des Artikels bildet die Beschreibung neuer Ansätze für das Engineering.
Konzertierte Gegnerbekämpfung im Achsenbündnis. Die Polizei im Dritten Reich und im faschistischen Italien 1933 bis 1943
Authors: Bernhard Patrick 
Published: March 2011

Vorspann
Die „Achse“ erschöpfte sich nicht im Polittourismus der Staats- und Parteiführungen. Sie war ein hybrides Großexperiment der Völkerverständigung über Expansion und Krieg und erfasste schließlich alle Ebenen von Staat und Gesellschaft in Italien und im Deutschen Reich. Die Kooperation der Polizei war besonders eng – und folgenreich für Regimegegner und rassisch Verfolgte. Der Italienexperte Patrick Bernhard analysiert diese Transfer- und Radikalisierungsprozesse auf der Basis neuer Quellen und knüpft weitreichende Thesen an seine Befunde: Die Geschichte des Dritten Reiches müsse stärker kontextualisiert und mit der Geschichte des Faschismus verzahnt werden, weil sich nur so der historische Ort des NS-Regimes in der Krisen- und Kriegsgeschichte der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts exakt bestimmen lasse.
Ungeschminkte Wahrheiten. Ein vertrauliches Gespräch von Gerhard Schürer, Chefplaner der DDR, mit der Stasi über die Wirtschaftspolitik der SED im April 1978
Authors: Malycha Andreas 
Published: March 2011

Vorspann
Alle wussten es – das Politbüro ebenso wie die Planungschefs, die Staatssicherheit und der mächtige Generalsekretär Erich Honecker: Die DDR hing schon in den siebziger Jahren am westlichen Tropf und fand keinen Ausweg aus der Schuldenfalle. Vorschläge, etwas daran zu ändern, gab es genug, wie Andreas Malycha vom Institut für Zeitgeschichte zeigen kann. Sie scheiterten aber am Veto von Honecker, der nicht bereit war, sein kostspieliges politisches Credo, die Einheit von Wirtschafts- und Sozialpolitik, aufzugeben. War Honecker blind geworden oder wusste er genau, dass es eine sparsame Alternative nicht mehr gab?
Periodically Ordered Mesoporous Co3O4/Heteropoly Acid Composite Frameworks for Catalytic Applications
Authors: Armatas Gerasimos S. , Tamiolakis Ioannis , Petrakis Dimitris E. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTMesoporous cobalt oxide-tungstophosphoric acid composite frameworks have been synthesized by structure replication from cubic mesoporous KIT-6 silica. The products possess a regular structure with uniform wall thickness (~7 nm) and large internal BET surface area (~87-141 m2/g). The pore walls of these materials consist of nanocrystalline Co3O4 and 12-tungstophosphoric acid (HPW) components with different HPW content, i.e. 6, 15 and 36 wt. %. Total X-ray scattering analysis and UV/vis spectroscopy confirmed the Keggin structure of HPW into the mesoporous frameworks. Preliminary catalytic experiments found that Co3O4-HPW composites exhibited a remarkable activity in the direct decomposition of nitrous oxide into N2 and O2.
Mechanically Biased Self-Assembly of Quantum Dots by Nanoindentation
Authors: Taylor Curtis R. , Malshe Ajay , Stach Eric , Marega Euclydes , Salamo Gregory 
Published: April 2011

AbstractNanoindentations were created in the GaAs(100) surface to act as strain centers to bias the nucleation of self-assembled InAs quantum dots providing for patterned growth. Indents were generated using loads below 450 μN with a sharp cube corner indenter. Growth of InAs quantum dots on indent patterns is performed using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The effect of indent spacing and size on the patterned growth is investigated. The structural analysis of the quantum dots including spatial ordering, size, and shape are characterized by ex-situ atomic force microscopy (AFM). Results reveal that the indent patterns clearly bias nucleation with dot structures selectively growing on top of each indent. It is speculated that the biased nucleation is due to a combination of favorable surface strain and multi-atomic step formation at the indent sites, which leads to increased adatom diffusion on the patterned area.
Anomalous Selective Tungsten- Growth by -Chemical- Vapor -Deposition
Authors: Mei Yu-Jane , Chang Ting-Chang , Sheu Jeng-Dong , Yeh Wen-Kuan , Pan Fu-Ming , Chang Chun-Yen 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSelective tungsten chemical vapor deposition (W-CVD) is one of the most attractive technique for filling deep submicron contact hole and via hole for the ULSI application. In this work, we firstly find out the anomalous selective W growth for the contact hole. The tungsten only nucleates from the side ring of the contact hole bottom. Several predeposition treatments prior to W growth can improve this anomalous feature and excellently selective W growth can be achieved. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) is utilized to investigate the interface of Si/W. A model has been proposed to explain this anomalous selective tungsten growth.
Atomistic Aspects of Crack Propagation Along High Angle Grain Boundaries
Authors: Farkas Diana 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTWe present atomistic simulations of the crack tip configuration near a high angle Σ= 5 [001](210) symmetrical tilt grain boundary in NiAl. The simulations were carried out using molecular statics and embedded atom (EAM) potentials. The cracks are stabilized near a Griffith condition involving the cohesive energy of the grain boundary. The atomistic configurations of the tip region are different in the presence of the high angle grain boundary than in the bulk. Three different configurations of the grain boundary were studied corresponding to different local compositions. It was found that in ordered NiAl, cracks along symmetrical tilt boundaries show a more brittle behavior for Al rich boundaries than for Ni-rich boundaries. Lattice trapping effects in grain boundary fracture were found to be more significant than in the bulk.
The Effects of Implanted Nitrogen on Diffusion of Boron and Evolution of Extended Defects
Authors: Park Heemyong , Ilderem Vida , Jasper Craig , Kaneshiro Mike , Christiansens Jim , Jones Kevin S. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTWe studied effects of nitrogen on reduction of boron diffusion in BF2-implanted source/drain regions of a p-channel MOSFET. Evolution of extended defects induced by nitrogen implantation in silicon and its dependence on implant energy were investigated. Characterization with TEM and SIMS led to validation of models of nitrogen as interstitial traps and strain-induced gettering. Electrical measurement of the PMOS threshold voltage shows a consistent trend of the nitrogen effects on boron redistribution in the S/D regions.
Formation of a New Electric Material: Fullerene / Metal Polycrystalline Film
Authors: Xu BingShe , Tanaka Shun-Ichiro 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTAn investigation of the formation behavior and mechanism of onion like fullerene / metal polycrystalline film under electron beam irradiation is presented. Metallic nanoparticles of Al, Au and Pt having diameters of 1∼35 nm, were supported on an amorphous carbon film with thickness of about 20 nm. The amorphous carbon film transformed into onion-like fullerene film under electron beam irradiation, with intensity about 1020e/cm2·sec using high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The transformation mechanism and growth morphology have been investigated. It is found that the nucleation and growth process of onion-like fullerenes from amorphous carbon were divided into several steps: Firstly, a few elliptic shells of carbon were induced under Al, Au or Pt nanoparticles; secondly, a gradual reorganization took place into the structures composed of quasi-concentric spheroid or sphered graphite, i.e., onion like fullerenes, and finally, fullerenes were bonded to each other into a film.
Analysis of Deformation of Porous Metals
Authors: Lee Dong Nyung , Han Heung Nam , Oh Kyu Hwan , Kim Hyoung Seop 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThe elasto-plastic finite element method using a yield criterion advanced by Lee and Kim was employed to analyze the effect of indenting geometry on the Brinell hardness of sintered porous copper specimens with various densities. The changes in geometry of porous iron rings with various initial relative densities were also calculated for various friction coefficients between the metal rings and compression platens. The calculated hardness values were in very good agreement with the measured data. The friction coefficient could be determined from the relationship between the change in the inner diameter and height reduction of porous metal rings with various initial relative densities.
Mesoscopic Simulation of Dislocation Activity at Crack Tips
Authors: Hartmaier A. , Gumbsch P. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDiscrete dislocation dynamics simulations have been performed to study dislocation activity in the vicinity of a crack tip and to get a better understanding of the decisive mechanisms of the brittle-to-ductile transition (BDT). The comparison of these simulations with fracture experiments on tungsten single crystals leads to a preliminary model for the BDT of this material. Many features predicted by this model are also found in other materials. Dislocation nucleation and the availability of active sources are shown to be limiting plasticity at low temperatures and partly in the semi-brittle regime. At elevated temperatures dislocation nucleation occurs easily, such that plasticity in this regime and the BDT itself, must be viewed as a thermally activated processes, which are controlled by dislocation mobility.