bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional spiral CT angiography in the detection of cerebral aneurysm
Authors: Strayle-Batra M. , Skalej M. , Wakhloo A. K. , Ernemann U. , Klier R. , Voigt K. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: The value of CT angiography in the detection and evaluation of aneurysms was compared to digital subtraction angiography (DSA) Material and Methods: Seventeen patients with acute subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) or with known or suspected aneurysm were investigated by means of spiral CT angiography, which included 3D reconstruction. These findings were compared with those at DSA Results: In 16 patients, 20 aneurysms were found; the remaining patient had an ectatic vessel that simulated an aneurysm. Seventeen of the angiographically proved aneurysms were detected at CT angiography (sensitivity 85%). One further aneurysm was identified retrospectively as the result of greater experience in the method. All the aneurysms that escaped detection at CT were 3 mm in size. All the vessels of the circle of Willis, except for the posterior communicating artery, were properly evaluated at CT angiography. Difficulties were encountered in assessing the posterior communicating artery and the extradural segment of the internal carotid artery owing to their close spatial relationship to the bony structures of the skull base and the cavernous sinus Conclusion: CT angiography is a low-risk technique with a low level of invasiveness that is useful in following up known aneurysms. The 3D reconstruction yields further topographic information that helps in the planning of endovascular or surgical intervention. The facility for rotating the reconstructed vessels and displaying them from different angles is of particular value in cases difficult to assess at angiography
Optic neuritis
Authors: Elvin A. , Andersson T. , Söderström M. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: To establish the role of Doppler ultrasonography (US) in the examination of patients with acute unilateral optic neuritis Material and Methods: Twenty-five patients with a clinical diagnosis of optic neuritis were prospectively evaluated and 18 of them were included in the study. The inclusion criteria were MR findings of unilateral disease and age below 50 years. All patients were examined with MR in order to objectively detect, localize and measure the optic nerve lesions and in order to exclude patients with unidentifiable optic nerve involvement. Evaluation with US was performed to determine nerve morphology, nerve swelling, and resistance to flow in the central retinal artery. The patients' contralateral optic nerve served as an internal control. The US findings were correlated to the degree of visual impairment, both initially and at follow-up Visual evoked potential (VEP) assessments were also performed in 16 patients Results: A statistically significant difference was found in the optic nerve diameter and in the resistance to flow in the central retinal artery between the affected and unaffected eyes. Patients with a prolonged impairment of visual acuity initially had a more swollen nerve and an increased resistance to flow in the affected optic nerve. Prognostic information was also gathered solely by evaluating the unaffected nerve diameter: patients who normally had thinner optic nerves had a more severe form of optic neuritis. VEP assessments were positive in all patients investigated Conclusion: Doppler US can be used together with a VEP assessment as an indicator of the disease process in acute optic neuritis. These methods offer a potential for monitoring patients over time
Dedicated head-neck coil in MR angiography of the supra-aortic arteries from the aortic arch to the circle of willis
Authors: Strotzer M. , Fellner C. , Fraunhofer S. , Gmeinwieser J. , Albrich H. , Seitz J. , Feuerbach S. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness of a dedicated head-neck coil in preoperative imaging of the supra-aortic arteries Material and Methods: Forty consecutive patients with suspected carotid artery stenosis underwent MR angiography (MRA). Using a dedicated head-neck coil, we made a complete evaluation of the supra-aortic arteries and graded the internal carotid artery (ICA) stenoses. MRA was performed at 1.5 T with: coronal 3D FISP from the aortic arch to the circle of Willis; transverse 2D FLASH and 3D TONE of the carotid bifurcation; transverse 3D TONE of the carotid siphon and the circle of Willis; and transverse 3D FISP of the aortic arch. I.a. digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was used as the reference. ICA stenoses of 70% and more at DSA (NASCET methodology) were regarded as severe Results: Severe ICA stenoses were detected with high sensitivity and specificity: 93% and 92% respectively for coronal 3D FISP; 90% and 85% respectively for transverse 2D FLASH; and 97% and 94% respectively for transverse 3D TONE. The carotid siphon and the intracranial ICA were best depicted by 3D TONE. None of the applied sequences gave a satisfactory visualization of the aortic arch or of the origins of the vertebral arteries Conclusion: With the head-neck coil, the supra-aortic arteries (including the intracranial vessels) were visualized without the need to reposition the patient, but depiction of the aortic arch was not acceptable. The quantification of ICA stenoses was reliable
Multiplanar and 3d CT of acetabular fractures
Authors: Haveri M. , Junila J. , Suramo I. , Lähde S. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: To establish a standard protocol for the multiplanar (MPR) and 3D shaded surface display (SSD) reconstruction of CT data on acetabular fractures, and to assess the usefulness of these reformats Material and Methods: Acetabular fractures in 15 patients were imaged by means of plain radiographs, transaxial CT, MPR reformats, and SSD reformats Results: The classification of the acetabular fracture was revised in 7/15 cases when the transaxial CT images were read after the plain radiographs. Although the MPR and SSD reformats did not alter the classification, they did add to the degree of confidence in the diagnosis in 9/15 cases. In 2 patients, the MPR and SSD reformats indicated operative instead of conservative treatment. In the MPR reformats, the following views were considered essential in all cases: (a) along the anterior column; (b) along the posterior column; and (c) along both columns and the inferior ramus. In the SSD reformats, the following views were considered essential in all cases: (d) the latero-caudal en face view into the acetabulum; and 180° opposite to this, (e) the medio-cranial view (facing the quadrilateral plate). In 10/15 cases, these views were all that was needed for classification. It was, however, essential to remove the femur from the images before reconstructing the SSD views Conclusion: Complex acetabular fractures with displacement should be evaluated by means of transaxial CT and additional MPR and SSD reformats. The use of appropriate standard MPR and SSD views shortens the time required to produce the reformats and thereby maximizes the benefit gained
The role of CT in the diagnosis of sacro-iliitis
Authors: Geijer M. , Sihlbom H. , Göthlin J. H. , Nordborg E. 
Published: January 2010

Objective: Ankylosing spondylitis is a progressive, debilitating disease in which early diagnosis and early treatment can improve the prognosis. Radiographic confirmation is essential for diagnosis but conventional radiography has not proved useful, particularly in the early course of the disease. The aims of this study were to correlate the findings at conventional radiography with those at CT, and to correlate the duration of clinical symptoms with the radiological findings Material and Methods: Forty patients with clinical sacro-iliitis and 13 controls were evaluated by means of conventional radiography and CT Results: Conventional radiography was positive in 10/40 patients and CT in 30/40 patients. Conventional radiography was positive in only 2/14 patients with a symptom duration of less than 2 years while CT was positive in 10/14 such patients Conclusion: The study demonstrated a considerably higher sensitivity in CT than in conventional radiography in detecting the subtle changes necessary for the radiological diagnosis of sacro-iliitis, particularly in cases of short duration. CT allows an early start to be made in treatment with a consequently improved prognosis. The use of conventional radiography cannot be recommended because its low sensitivity delays diagnosis in many instances
MR imaging in shoulder trauma
Authors: Rand T. , Trattnig S. , Haller J. , Nguyen N. K. , Imhof H. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: To determine the adequacy of MR standard protocols by analyzing conventional T1— and T2-weighted SE sequences, and to evaluate the usefulness of additional fat-suppressed (STIR) images in shoulder trauma Material and Methods: Paracoronal T1-weighted, T2-weighted SE, and STIR images were obtained on a 0.5 T superconductive system in 25 patients with shoulder trauma. In a separate evaluation of T1/T2 images and a combined evaluation of T1/T2 SE- and STIR images, we compared the number of patients with evidence of Hill-Sachs lesions, bone bruises, and/or rotator-cuff lesions Results: Compared to the combined evaluation of T1/T2 and STIR images, the separate evaluation of T1/T2 SE images revealed identical results for rotator-cuff lesions and Hill-Sachs lesions, but different results for the bone bruises in the area of the major tubercle Conclusion: Occult fractures of the major tubercle, indicated by areas of bone bruising, might be missed with MR using conventional SE images. We recommend the use of additional paracoronal fat-suppressed sequences in patients with clinically suspected lesions and equivocal findings on plain radiographs and on standard SE sequences
Contrast-enhanced MR imaging as a prognostic indicator of breast cancer
Authors: Boné B. , Aspelin P. , Bronge L. , Veress B. 
Published: January 2010

Background: Using contrast-enhanced MR imaging in the diagnosis of breast cancer may provide additional information not only on tumor extension but also on the biological behavior of tumors. Thus certain characteristics such as tumor angiogenesis and the proliferating activity of the tumor, which have been shown to correlate significantly with prognosis, are both potentially amenable to analysis by MR imaging Material and Methods: We compared contrast enhancement in 50 malignant breast tumors at MR imaging to several prognostic factors, such as tumor size, lymph-node status, histological grade of malignancy, tumor angiogenesis, and proliferating activity as shown by the mitotic count and PCNA immunoreactivity Results: There was significant correlation between contrast enhancement at MR imaging of breast cancer and both tumor angiogenesis and proliferative cellular activity as shown by PCNA immunoreactivity. Furthermore, there was a correlation between contrast enhancement and tumor malignancy grade as well as tumor invasiveness Conclusion: These observations suggest that contrast enhancement at MR imaging may be influenced by factors that have prognostic value. If this assumption is correct, contrast-enhanced MR imaging may become a valuable prognostic tool in the pre-operative evaluation of breast cancers
Hepatic parenchymal perfusion abnormalities after pancreaticobiliary surgery
Authors: Mitsuzaki K. , Yamashita Y. , Ogata I. , Nishiharu T. , Urata J. , Takahashi M. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: To evaluate perfusion abnormalities of the liver after pancreaticobiliary surgery Material and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 128 patients with pancreaticobiliary malignant tumors who had been examined both before and after surgery by means of helical CT of the liver. An infusion of 3 ml/s of 60% nonionic contrast material was followed by helical CT of the liver in a sequential arterial phase, portal venous phase, and equilibrium phase Results: of 128 patients, we followed 97. In 21 patients (22%) we found 47 lesions with perfusion abnormalities that were detected 1–33 months (mean 6.6 months) after the operation. All patients were asymptomatic. The shape of each perfusion abnormality was characterized as geographic (n=23, 47%), wedgeshaped (n=21, 45%), or round (n=3, 83.8%). The abnormalities were seen in the arterial phase in 46 lesions (98%), in the portal venous phase in 18 lesions (38%), and in the equilibrium phase in 1 lesion (0.2%). In all lesions, the size either decreased spontaneously, or it remained unchanged for more than one year Conclusion: Perfusion abnormalities of the liver may occur in patients who undergo pancreaticobiliary surgery. This findings should not be confused with hypervascular metastases
Carcinoma of the uterine cervix
Authors: Abe Y. , Yamashita Y. , Namimoto T. , Takahashi M. , Katabuchi H. , Tanaka N. , Okamura H. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: To compare high-resolution contrast-enhanced (Gd-DTPA) dynamic MR imaging with T2-weighted turbo spin-echo (TSE) imaging in the evaluation of uterine cervical carcinoma Material and Methods: Thirty-two patients with cervical carcinoma underwent MR imaging on a 1.5 T superconductive unit to have the extension of the disease assessed before treatment. A phased-array coil was used in all patients. In 25 patients, surgical confirmation of the diagnosis was obtained after imaging. Radiation therapy was selected for the remaining 7 patients with advanced carcinoma. Qualitative and quantitative image analyses were also performed Results: The cervical carcinomas showed maximum contrast in the cervical stroma and myometrium in the early dynamic phase. The tumor/cervical-stroma contrast in the early dynamic phase obtained with the T1-weighted TSE technique (contrast-to-noise ratio 22.6) was significantly higher than that obtained in T2-weighted TSE imaging (contrast-to-noise ratio 4.3). In the evaluation of parametrial invasion, the accuracy of T2-weighted imaging was 71.8% and contrast-enhanced dynamic imaging 81.2% Conclusion: High-resolution contrast-enhanced (Gd-DTPA) dynamic MR imaging in cervical cancer offers improved tumor/cervical-stroma contrast and provides useful information on parametrial invasion
Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of acute cerebral ischemia
Authors: Li T. Q. , Chen Z. G. , Hindmarsh T. 
Published: January 2010

Diffusion-weighted MR imaging has been used in studies on experimental animal models and on patients with acute cerebral ischemia. Compared with CT and conventional MR techniques, diffusion-weighted imaging can provide earlier and more precise detection of the location and the extent of an ischemic lesion during the critical first few hours after the onset of stroke Quantitative apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping of the brain water can also be carried out by recording a series of diffusion-weighted images with different amplitudes of the displacement encoding gradients. ADC maps can provide important information about the extra- and intracellular water homeostasis. ADC reduction of the tissue water is one of the early signals of the pathophysiological cascade resulting from ischemic tissue injury. Diffusion MR imaging has become a valuable tool in stroke research. It may also prove a valuable tool in monitoring the efficiency of therapeutic effects in stroke patients It is our intention to provide an overview of the recent development in this area with emphasis on the diffusion-weighted MR techniques, and to discuss the possible underlying biophysical mechanisms responsible for the contrast of diffusion-weighted imaging
The effect of paramagnetic contrast media on T1 relaxation times in brain tumors
Authors: Aronen H. J. , Niemi P. , Kwong K. K. , Pardo F. S. , Davis T. L. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: to study T1 relaxation times in brain tumors before and after paramagnetic contrast medium injection Material and Methods: Seventeen patients with a known or suspected brain tumor were studied with an echo planar inversion recovery imaging sequence using 10 different inversion times. Double injections of Gd chelate (0.1 mmol/kg+0.2 mmol/kg) were administered in 5 patients, and a single 0.2-mmol/kg dose in 12 patients Results: After the 0.2-mmol/kg dose, T1 decreased from 1121 ± 130 ms to 987 ± 103 ms in gray matter ( p<0.001), and from 666 ± 29 ms to 646 ± 27 ms in white matter ( p<0.001). Tumor T1 shortened from 1515 ± 319 ms to 717 ± 383 ms. After the 0.1-mmol/kg dose (n=5), tumor T1 decreased from 1116 ± 261 ms to 793 ± 202 ms and after the additional 0.2-mmol/kg dose it decreased further to 526 ± 141 ms Conclusion: Postcontrast T1 relaxation times in tumors showed considerable variation and remained, on average, relatively long compared to white matter. This should be taken into account when deciding which pulse sequences, imaging parameters, and contrast agent doses are optimal for brain tumor imaging
An experimental high-resolution MR coil for the imaging of pathological findings in the post mortem brain stem
Authors: Mäurer J. , Mitrovics T. , Schlecht I. , Knollmann F. , Felix R. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of an experimental coil using a whole-body MR unit to delineate pathological changes within formalin-fixed human brain stems Material, Methods, and Results: the MR images of 9 brain stems were compared with gross anatomy and corresponding histological sections. the resolution of the images was high enough to depict areas of clinically relevant pathological alterations
Detectability of simulated masses and calcifications in mammography
Authors: Olsen J. B. , Skretting A. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: to develop a method for receiver operating characteristics (ROC) studies in mammography Material and Methods: We developed a phantom based on excised breast tissue and overlay tiles that could be arranged in an arbitrary pattern across the surface of the breast tissue. Some of the tiles contained structures simulating calcifications or masses that produced image contrast near the experimentally determined detection threshold. Based on this phantom, a methodology for performing ROC studies in mammography was developed. the ROC curves were constructed from reporting schemes filled in by radiologists at five different laboratories. the curves were determined by a novel method: a non-linear least-squares fit of a mathematical model to the data Results: There were large differences among the areas under the ROC curves obtained from the five laboratories
Clinical value of imaging techniques in childhood osteomyelitis
Authors: Kaiser S. , Jorulf H. , Hirsch G. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: the traditional approach to investigating suspected osteomyelitis in children includes conventional radiography and bone scintigraphy. the roles of US, CT and MR imaging are controversial. Our objective was to determine whether the additional use of these modalities would yield information likely to lead to treatment modification Material and Methods: Sixty-five children with clinically suspected osteomyelitis took part in a prospective study. All patients underwent conventional radiography and bone scintigraphy. in addition to this, US, CT and MR imaging were all performed in 33 patients; the remaining 32 patients were examined with various combinations of these three modalities. the value of the additional information obtained was estimated retrospectively by a pediatric orthopedic surgeon in terms of possible modification of treatment Results: MR imaging was the modality with the highest sensitivity and specificity for detecting osteomyelitis. MR yielded information likely to influence treatment in the greatest proportion of patients (45%) followed by US (30%) Conclusion: the standard investigation protocol with the addition of US (because of its ability to detect subperiosteal abscesses early and simply) is adequate in uncomplicated cases. When additional imaging is required to outline a lesion, or in complicated cases, and when bone scintigraphy is inconclusive, MR imaging should also be performed. CT should be considered when MR investigation is not available or when anesthesia is required but cannot be provided
Synovitis in legg-calvé-perthes disease
Authors: Hochbergs P. , Eckerwall G. , Egund N. , Jonsson K. , Wingstrand H. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: to evaluate, by means of MR imaging, the degree and persistence of synovitis in the hip joint in Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease and to correlate the degree of synovitis with the degree of epiphyseal necrosis Material and Methods: A total of 170 MR images in 72 patients (84 hips) were examined. the T2-weighted MR images were taken in the coronal plane in order to evaluate the degree of synovitis in the hip joint Results: MR revealed synovitis in all cases in the early phase of the disease. in Catterall group II, synovitis was discreet to moderate for up to 6 months after diagnosis. Hips with more severe necrosis, Catterall groups III and IV, had moderate or intense degrees of synovitis. There was a correlation between the degree of synovitis and the lateral pillar classification according to HERRING et al. Also, there was a good correlation between the extent of signal changes in the epiphysis on MR imaging and the degree of synovitis. There was no difference when signal changes were evaluated on T1- or T2-weighted images. Signs of synovitis could be seen for up to 30 months after diagnosis in Catterall group I hips, and in Catterall groups II and III for up to 36 months, and in 2 cases even longer. Some Catterall group IV hips had discreet or mild synovitis for 60 months or more, after diagnosis Conclusion: the degree of synovitis on MR imaging correlates to the extent of epiphyseal necrosis seen on radiographs or MR imaging as well as to the lateral pillar classification, i.e. to a poor clinical outcome. in Catterall group IV hips, synovitis can even persist for up to 60 months after diagnosis
Bone mineral density and spongiosa architecture in correlation to vertebral body insufficiency fractures
Authors: Andresen R. , Radmer S. , Banzer D. 
Published: January 2010

Objective: the clinical value of spinal quantitative CT (sQCT) and the structural patterns of the vertebral bone were studied Material and Methods: sQCT was performed on 246 patients with a mean age of 57 years for whom conventional lateral radiographies of the thoracic and lumbar spine were available. All patients were suffering from back pain of unknown etiology. the bone mineral density (BMD) of the midvertebral section of 3 lumbar vertebral bodies was determined by means of single-energy-(SE)-weighted QCT (85 kV). Spongiosa architecture and density profile analyses were made in the axial images. This was contrasted to BMD values ascertained in SE QCT. the mean BMD was compared to the number of fractures and the patients were divided into three groups: group I — no fracture; group II — one fracture; and group III 1 fracture Results: the mean BMD was: 134.3 (74.1–187.5) mg hydroxyapatite (HA)/ml in group I; 79.6 (58.6–114.3) mg HA/ml in group II; and 52.4 (13.1–79.1)mg HA/ml in group III. A significant deterioration in spongiosa structure was found with increasing demineralization: strongly rarefied patterns predominated in the fracture groups II and III Conclusion: sQCT provides a good risk assessment of the occurrence of vertebral body insufficiency fractures