bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of bovine K‐casein genotypes at the DNA level
Authors: RANDO A. , GREGORIO P. DI , MASINA P. 
Published: July 2010

Summary.By using a bovine K‐Cn cDNA as probe and the PstI endonuclease we demonstrate that the DNA restriction patterns of K‐Cn AA and K‐Cn BB cows are different. Besides two invariant fragments (about 6.8kb and 1.1 kb) the former shows two fragments of about 4.3 kb and 0.3 kb and the latter one fragment of about 4.6kb. K‐Cn AB cows show intermediate pattern. Therefore, it is possible to determine the bovine K‐Cn genotypes even in absence of gene product.
Ovine lymphocyte antigens: a comparison of Australian and European antisera
Authors: OUTERRIDGE P. M. , CULLEN P. R. , WINDON R. G. , BROWN S. 
Published: July 2010

Summary. Lymphocyte alloantigens were determined in 183 Australian merino sheep, using antisera from Australian and European laboratories. The study had two aims: (1) to compare reagents characterized in the different laboratories and to correlate antigen definition; and (2) to define lymphocyte antigens for use as genetic markers in two flocks of sheep which had been selectively bred for resistance or susceptibility to the intestinal parasite Trichostrongylus colubriformis, in order to extend a previous study which had indicated linkage between resistance to the parasite and the sheep major histocompatibility system.Good or excellent correspondence was found between four Australian and four European specificities and it was concluded that continued international collaboration would allow definition of markers for future genetic or disease susceptibility studies.
Transferrin (Tf) polymorphism in wild rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus
Authors: FERRAND N. , CARVALHO G. , AMORIM A. 
Published: July 2010

Summary. Evidence for two new alleles (TfC and TfD) at the transferrin locus (Tf) in wild rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus, is presented. Blood samples were collected in Continental Portugal (178 individuals), and in the Azores Islands of Terceira (52) and S. Miguel (59).The frequency of TfA, which is the only allele detected up to now in domestic rabbits, varied from 0.20 ± 0.13 to 0.95 ± 0.05 in the populations sampled in Continental Portugal. In the island populations sampled the frequency of TfA was greater than 0.8.
Localization of the ß‐subunit of follicle stimulating hormone in cattle and sheep byin situhybridization
Authors: HEDIGER R. , JOHNSON S. E. , HETZEL D. J. S. 
Published: July 2010

Summary.The locus for the ß‐subunit of the follicle stimulating hormone gene (FSHB) has been determined in both cattle and sheep byin situhybridization of a bovine and an ovine cDNA probe, respectively, to metaphase chromosomes. Our results show that the FSHB locus is on cattle chromosome 15 in the region of bands q24‐qter and in sheep on the cytogenetically homologous chromosome 15, also in the region q24‐qter.The mapping of the FSHB gene in cattle together with the location of other genes (CAT, HBB and PTH) previously found to be syntenic in cattle and on human chromosome 11p, defines an evolutionarily conserved synteny. The localization of the FSHB gene to a cytogenetically homologous region in cattle and sheep is consistent with the hypothesis of extesively conserved chromosome structure in these two species.
Biochemical evidence of the expression of two major histocompatibility complex class I genes on bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: JOOSTEN I. , TEALE A. J. , VAN DER POEL A. , HENSEN E. J. 
Published: July 2010

Summary.For a long time, the bovine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (BOLA) class I region was characterized, rather uniquely among mammalian species, as having one expressed locus. Recent reports have suggested otherwise. Selective immunoprecipitation and molecular characteriztion of products enable a decisive answer to the question of whether there is indeed more than one locus expressed. Therefore, we characterized serologically defined w10 encoding haplotypes in European and African cattle by immunoprecipitation of [35S]‐methioninelabelled peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), followed by one‐ and two‐dimensional isoelectric focusing (1D/2D‐IEF) of cell lysates. Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) used were directed against either human class I monomorphic determinants (W6/32 and B1.1G6) or bovine polymorphic determinants expressed on products encoded by serologically defined w10 encoding haplotypes of Boran and Friesian cattle. Sequential immunoprecipitations with W6/32 and B1.1G6 using lysates of PBMC of British Friesian cattle, revealed that from this haplotype W6/32 precipitated one product, whereas B1.1G6 precipitated two products. The product precipitated in addition appeared to be the one that was selectively precipitated by the mAb directed against polymorphic determinants on a product of w10 encoding haplotypes. Additionally, peptide maps of protease V8‐digested precipitates showed that this particular ‘w10’ associated product was distinctly different from the product recognized by W6/32. Thus, we suggest that the two products are distinct gene products and that the product with higher PI is associated with the serologically defined A‐locus product, whereas the product with lower PI is the putative second locus product.In the African Boran breed, variants of the serologically defined w10 specificity were found on the basis of IEF typing. These variants appeared to be associated with different second locus products. Therefore, we conclude that serologically defined w10 encoding haplotypes encode at least two independent class I locus products, expressed on normal bovine PBMC. In IEF analysis the additional use of mAb recognizing polymorphic determinants on serologically defined A‐locus products highly facilitated the detection and typing of second locus products.
Single‐strand conformation polymorphisms (SSCPs) detected in five bovine genes
Authors: Neibergs H. L. , Dietz A. B. , Womack J. E. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryPolymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers designed to amplify bovine specific sequences of the arginine‐vasopressin (ARVP), glycoprotein hormone alpha (CGA), cytochrome oxidase c subunit IV pseudogene (COXP), prochymosin (CYM), coagulation factor X (F10), inhibin βA (INHBA), low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and oxytocin (OXT) genes in hybrid cells were used in a search for single strand conformation polymorphisms. DNA from 75 animals comprising crossbred and 7 purebred breeds were analysed. ARVP, COXP, CYM, LDLR and OXT were found to be polymorphic while CGA, F10 and INHBA were not. Polymorphic regions were identified within 206 bp of exon 1 of ARVP, 582 bp of the pseudogene COXP, 253 bp of exon 9 of CYM, 519 bp of LDLR cDNA and 160 bp of the upstream regulatory region of OXT. This is the first report of bovine polymorphisms for these genes and an important step in our goal to incorporate type I comparative anchor loci into the bovine linkage map. Polymorhic loci were subsequently analysed in pedigreed full‐sib families and shown to be inherited in a Men‐delian fashion.
In situ hybridization mapping and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the porcine albumin (ALB) and transferrin (TF) genes
Authors: Chowdhary B. P. , Johansson M. , Chaudhary R. , Ellegren H. , Gu F. , Andersson L. , Gustavsson I. 
Published: July 2010

Summary In situ hybridization analyses were conducted on porcine metaphase chromosomes using porcine liver albumin (ALB) and transferrin (TF) cDNA probes. The ALB gene was assigned to the q12 band of chromosome 8 and the TF gene to the q31 band of chromosome 13. For the latter, a statistically significant secondary peak was observed on the 6p15 band. However, the TF probe predominantly hybridized to the 13q31 band, indicating that this band is the most likely site of the TF gene. Since the TF gene belongs to linkage group V, this linkage group can now be assigned to chromosome 13. The TF and ALB probes were also used for restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. A screening of 10 unrelated animals revealed Tag I RFLPs for both ALB and TF. Family studies indicated that the ALB and TF polymorphisms were controlled by three and two alleles, respectively.
Growth hormone gene polymorphism associated with selection for milk fat production in lines of cattle
Authors: Høj S. , Fredholm M. , Larsen N. J. , Nielsen V. H. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryFifty‐eight calves of both sexes from lines of Red Danish dairy breed selected for high (n= 36) and low (n= 22) milk fat production, and 32 heifers from lines of Norwegian Red dairy breed selected for high (n= 16) and low (n= 16) milk fat yield were typed for two previously reported restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in the growth hormone gene. The RFLPs are consistent with: (1) an insertion(I)/deletion(D) of approximately 0.9kb in the 3′‐region of the growth hormone gene and (2) a polymorphic MspI(+/−) site in the third intron. A traditional RFLP procedure was used for typing the I/D polymorphism and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure was developed for typing the Mspl polymorphism. Only the I‐MspI(+) and D‐MspI(‐) haplotypes were found. In the Red Danish lines the frequency of D‐MspI(‐) haplo‐type was 0.28 in high line and 0.05 in low line calves, this difference was significant (P <0.01). The corresponding frequencies in the Norwegian Red lines were 0.09 in the high line and 0.0 in the low line. Attempts to screen for RFLPs in the growth hormone receptor gene and in the insulin‐like growth factor‐I gene were unsuccessful.
Genetic polymorphism of the sixth component of complement (C6) in the pig
Authors: Shibata T. , Abe T. , Akita T. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryUsing agarose gel isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting with rabbit anti‐rabbit C6, a genetic polymorphism has been found in the sixth component of complement (C6) in six breeds of pigs. The C6 locus was highly polymorphic. Family data indicated that pig C6 pheno‐types were inherited by means of five codomonant alleles namedC6A,C6B,C6C,C6DandC6Eat a single autosomal locus. C6 deficiency in two of 241 individuals tested was found, which suggested the presence of a null allele in pig populations. Marked breed differences among the gene frequencies and heterozygosities at C6 locus were observed.
Isolation and mapping of polymorphic microsatellites in cattle
Authors: Steffen P. , Eggen A. , Stranzinger G. , Fries R. , Dietz A. B. , Womack J. E. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryA partial plasmid library with bovine genomic inserts of about 500 basepairs was screened with a (dC‐dA)n‐(dG‐dT)n oligonucleotide probe for the repeated nucleotide motif (CA)n. Eleven positive clones (0.3% of all colonies screened) were discovered and were subsequently isolated and sequenced. Eight microsatellite loci were analysed, one with eight alleles, one with seven alleles, three with six alleles, one with three alleles and two with two alleles. Six of these microsatellites were mapped by PCR‐analysis of a panel of somatic hybrid lines.
A polymorphism in the bovine gamma‐S‐crystallin gene revealed by allele‐specific amplification
Authors: Kemp S. J. , Teale A. J. , Maillard J. C. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryA polymorphism was detected in the 3′ untranslated region of the bovine gamma‐S‐crystallin gene by direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products from genomic DNA of an N'Dama bull and a Boran cow. A set of three PCR primers was designed to detect this difference and thus give allele‐specific amplification. The two allele‐specific primers differ in length by 20 nucleotides so that the allelic products may be distinguished by simple agarose gel electrophoresis following a single PCR reaction. This provides a simple and rapid assay for this polymorphism.
Unequivocal determination of sire allele origin for multiallelic microsatellites when only the sire and progeny are genotyped
Authors: Ron M. , Band M. , Wyler A. , Weller J. I. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe effect of a segregating economic trait locus (ETL) can be detected with the aid of a linked genetic marker, if specific alleles of each locus are in association among the individuals genotyped for the genetic marker. For dairy cattle this can be achieved by application of the ‘granddaughter design’. If only the sires and their sons are genotyped for the genetic markers, then the allele origin of sons having the same genotypes as their sires cannot be determined. Seven sires and 101 sons were genotyped for five microsatellites. The mean frequency of heterozygous sires was 77%. The mean number of alleles per locus was 8.2. Frequency of informative sons per locus ranged from 60% to 80% with a mean of 72%. With highly polymorphic microsatellites, at least 60% more grandsire families can be included in the analysis, and the number of sons assayed can be reduced by 40%, as compared to diallelic markers.
Sequence variation in D‐loop mtDNA of cow lineages selected for high and low maternal effects on milk production
Authors: Ron M. , Yoffe O. , Weller J. I. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe four highest and four lowest cow lineages for milk production were selected from 324 maternal lineages of the Israeli Holstein population. For a single cow from each lineage, the mitochondrial D‐loop region was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction and directly sequenced for 719bp. Eighteen polymorphic sites were found of which 17 were substitutions and one was an insertion. Only two alleles were found for each polymorphic site, one of which corresponded to the sequence of Anderson et al. (1982), which was the more frequent allele, in all but two sites. None of the polymorphic sites had an apparent effect on milk production, even though an effect ≥0.33 phenotypic standard deviations, equivalent to 470kg milk, could be detected by this experimental design. Furthermore, there was no indication that moderately increasing the sample size would have altered the result, since all rare alleles found in more than a single lineage were found in both the high and low subgroups.
Haemoglobin I: a new β‐globin chain variant found in sheep of Italian breeds
Authors: Manca L. , Masala B. , Luccia A Di , Pieragostini E. , Naitana S. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryA rather common haemoglobin variant was detected in the Sardinian and Altamurana sheep breeds. The mutated globin chain appears to be produced under the control of an allele at the HBB locus and due to a neutral amino acid substitution. The variant will be provisionally referred to as the Hb I.
DNA profiling of cattle using micro‐ and minisatellite core probes
Authors: Trommelen G. J. J. M. , Vijg I. , Uitterlinden A. G. , Den Daas I H G 
Published: July 2010

SummaryWe have evaluated 15 different micro‐ and minisatellite core probes for use in identity and paternity testing in cattle, based on Southern blot hybridization analysis. The core probes were tested in animals of different breeds and by analysis of seven two‐generation pedigrees. Of the 15 core probes tested, seven were able to detect on average seven variant bands per individual animal. Segregation analysis showed that on average two out of 3 6 variant bands scored per core probe were genetically linked while two out of 12 variant bands correspond to the same allelic pair. The results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of multilocus core probes for determining identity and paternity in cattle.
Isolation, characterization and evolution of ovine major histocompatibility complex class II DRA and DQA genes
Authors: Fabb S. A. , Maddox J. F. , Gogolin‐Ewens K. J. , Baker L. , Wu M‐J , RBrandon M. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryFour full‐length ovine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II A cDNA clones coding for new alleles of DRA, DQA1 and DQA2 genes were isolated from two ovine Λgt10 cDNA libraries. The derived amino acid sequences of these clones resemble class II A molecules from other species in both size and structure. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, using an Ovar‐DRA probe on DNA from Merino and Romney sheep revealed only limited polymorphism in contrast to the high levels of polymorphism revealed by Ovar‐DQA probes. Comparison of the predicted amino acid sequences for the three ovine A genes with class II A genes from five other species revealed that the most variable region of the molecule is the signal peptide. Although virtually every amino acid site shows variation, within or between species, there are some blocks of highly conserved residues. Within gene comparisons of nucleotide differences reveal that the greatest number of changes is found between the alleles of Ovar‐DQA1 and ‐DQA2 genes and the least between Ovar‐DRA1 alleles. Phylogenetic analysis of class IIA sequences from several species place DRA and DQA genes on two distinct branches, with Ovar‐DRA1 and BOLA‐DRA, and Ovar‐DQA1 and BOLA‐DQA being most similar on their respective branches.
Preparation of chromosome‐specific paints and complete assignment of chromosomes in the pig flow karyotype
Authors: Langford C. F. , Miller N. G. A. , Tucker E. M. , Telenius H. , Thomsen P. D. 
Published: July 2010

SummarySorted chromosomes from each of the 20 clusters of the male porcine bivariate flow karyotype were amplified and biotinylated using DOP‐PCR. The chromosomes comprising each cluster were identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of the 20 probes to R‐banded male pig metaphase spreads. A standard flow karyotype for the pig is presented.
Linkage between the loci for serum albumin and vitamin D binding protein (GC) in sheep
Authors: Erhardt G. , Simianer H. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryEvidence for close genetic linkage between the loci for serum albumin (ALB) and vitamin D binding protein (GC) in sheep is presented. No recombinants were found in 28 informative offspring of a single ram family. The recombination frequency between the two loci was estimated to be in the range of 0 to 10%. No sign of linkage was observed between the ALB‐GC complex and transferrin.
Localization of the tumour protein, TP53, on porcine chromosome 12q12‐q14
Authors: Rettenberger G. , Klett C. , Hameister H. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryA human cDNA probe of the tumour protein p53 (TP53) was used to localize the homologous porcine gene by in situ hybridization. The gene was mapped to chromosome 12q12‐q14. Together with already known mapping data, these results confirm the localization of an evolutionary conserved linkage group on porcine chromosome 12 which is localized in man on chromosome 17, in cattle on chromosome 19, and in mice on chromosome 11.
An additional locus (PI4) in the protease inhibitor (PI) gene cluster of pigs
Authors: Ĉizova D. , Gábriŝová E. , Stratil A. , Hojný J. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryA further α‐protease inhibitor system, PI4, was detected in porcine sera using either 2D agarose gel, pH 5.0‐PAGE, pH 9.0, or ID PAGE followed by immunoblotting with rabbit anti‐porcine PI2 or PI3 antisera. PI4 inhibited chymotrypsin, but not trypsin. Seven allelic variants of PI4 were described. By haplotyping of a‐protease inhibitor systems in 52 complete families it was shown that PI4 locus belongs to the PI gene cluster. The probable order of the PI loci was: PI1, PO1A, PI2, PI4, PI3.
The duplicated gene copy of the ovine growth hormone gene contains a PvuII polymorphism in the second intron
Authors: Sise J. A. , Penty J. M. , Montgomery G. W. , Gootwine E. 
Published: July 2010

Summary PvuII restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was found at the growth hormone locus in sheep carrying the GH2 allele where the gene is duplicated. By restriction analysis and using the polymerase chain reactibn we demonstrated that this RFLP is due to a mutation at the Pvu II site located in the second intron of the 3′ copy of the GH2 allele.
Designation by restriction fragment length polymorphism of major histocompatibility complex class IV haplotypes in meat‐type chickens
Authors: Landesman E. , Uni Z. , Heller E. D. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryMajor histocompatiblity complex (MHC) class IV haplotypes were identified in a population of meat‐type chickens by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Fourteen different haplotypes were designated on the basis of restriction patterns obtained from Southern blots of PvuII‐ or BglII‐digested DNA, hybridized with the MHC class IV cDNA probe bg32.1. Digestion with each restriction enzyme yielded the same level of polymorphism among individuals. For each haplotype, 4–10 restriction fragments ranging from 0–8 to 8 kb were observed. Such a designation of meat‐type chicken MHC class IV haplotypes enables a rapid recognition of previously defined haplotypes, is readily adjustable to additional, newly found restriction patterns and could prove useful in practical breeding programmes.
Abundant (A)n·(T)n mononucleotide repeats in the pig genome: linkage mapping of the porcine APOB, FSA, ALOX12, PEPN and RLN loci
Authors: Ellegren H. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryA computer analysis revealed that the mononucleotide repeat (A)n‐(T)n is about five times as common as (CA)n‐(GT)n repeats in the porcine genome, with frequency estimates of one every 7kb and 30kb, respectively. Seven mononucleotide repeats with n= 12–25 located close to coding sequences were analysed for polymorphism using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. All loci were variable with 3–6 alleles and heterozygosities of 0.26–0.69 based on investigation of 10 unrelated pigs (two wild boars and eight domestic sows). Repeat length correlated with degree of polymorphism. A comparison with (CA)n‐(GT)n polymorphisms suggested that the number of repeat units rather than the total length of the repeat region is the common denominator that governs polymorphism at both mono‐ and dinucleotide repeat loci. (A)n‐(T)n polymorphisms allowed linkage mapping of relaxin to chromosome 1, apolipoprotein B to chromosome 3, aminopepti‐dase N to chromosome 7, arachidonate 12‐lipoxygenase to chromosome 12, and follistatin to chromosome 16. The rich abundance of potentially informative (A)n‐(T)n repeats will increase the chances of finding a PCR‐based marker near any DNA sequence of interest.
Bovine casein haplotypes: number, frequencies and applicability as genetic markers
Authors: Lien S. , Rogne S. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThree casein loci, tightly linked on bovine chromosome 6, have been studied as haplotypes within families of bulls. The polymorphisms included in the study were CASAS1 (B, C), CASB (A1, A, A5, B), CASK (A, B, E) and a microsatellite in intron III of CASK. A new A5 variant of CASB, caused by a silent mutation in the triplet coding for amino acid 110, was detected by direct polymerase chain reaction sequencing. Our analysis of 306 sons and 15 sires revealed 10 different casein haplotypes with a cumulative polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.78.
Restriction fragment length polymorphism of DQB and DRB class II genes of the ovine major histocompatibility complex
Authors: Grain F. , Grain F. , Nain M‐C , Asso J. , Labonne M‐P , Gebuhrer L. , Betuel H. , Lantier F. , Lechopier P. , Maddox J. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe ovine major histocompatibility complex (MhcOvar) class II region was investigated by Southern blot hybridizations using ovine probes specific for the second exons of Ovar‐DRB and Ovar‐DQB genes. Multiple bands were revealed when genomic DNA was digested with each of five restriction enzymes (Bam HI, Eco RI, Hin dIII, PvuII and TaqI), and successively hybridized with the two radiolabeled ovine probes. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were analysed in 89 sheep originating from six inbred families and the inheritance of the fragment patterns was determined. Forty‐one fragments were recorded with the DQB probe; 32 were detected with the DRB probe. They constituted 9 DQB and 10 DRB allelic patterns. Twelve DQB‐DRB haplotypes were resolved in this study.