bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Surface Charge and Wettability on H2O Self Diffusion in Compacted Clays
Authors: Schampera Birgit , Dultz Stefan 
Published: June 2011

AbstractOrgano-clays are of interest in the modification of anion transport properties in engineered barriers. In the present study, surface charge and wettability were assessed for tracking changes in the effective diffusion coefficient (Deff) by the formation or suppression of bound H2O layers on the external surfaces of clays. Bentonite samples modified with three different organic cations in amounts of 0 to 400% of the cation exchange capacity were used. Diffusive transport was determined in H2O→D2O exchange experiments in a newly constructed cell adapted to the attenuated total reflectance (ATR) accessory of a Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer at two different dry bulk densities and various degrees of water saturation.All organo-clay combinations showed changes in surface charge after the addition of organic cations, from a negative value of 99 mmolc/kg for the original bentonite to a maximum positive value of 230.5 mmolc/kg for hexadecylpyridinium (HDPy)-montmorillonite. The positive charge resulted from adsorption of the organic cation in excess of the CEC. Hydrophobic surface properties with contact angles >90° were obtained for HDPy-montmorillonite samples with monolayers of organic cations on the external surfaces only. Here, where hydrophobicity suppressed the formation of bound H2O layers, the largest Deff o f 2.7×10−10 m2/s was observed in the high dry bulk density range (1.0–1.5 g/cm3) under water-saturated conditions. In the low dry bulk density range (0.6–0.9 g/cm3) this effect was weakened significantly because, with increasing pore size, the effect of bound H2O layers was reduced. In the high dry bulk density range at partial water saturation (40%), diffusive transport was hindered by the small water volume. Previous work found that, in the high dry bulk density range and water-saturated state, Deff was 2.4×10−11 m2/s for the original bentonite. Deff for all hydrophilic organo-clay samples was ⩽2.1×10−11 m2/s, somewhat less than for the hydrophobic sample. In hydrophilic organo-clay samples, retardation factors that retard the value for Deff, up toa magnitude of 0.5, include an increase in dry bulk density and a decrease in water saturation. In the water-saturated state at high dry bulk densities, hydrophobic surface properties suppressing the formation of bound H2O layers can increase Deff by one order of magnitude.
Influence of Sn and Al Heteroatoms on the Synthesis of Ilerite
Authors: Supronowicz Wojciech , Roessner Frank 
Published: June 2011

AbstractHydrothermal syntheses of a silicate structure comprising a single tetrahedral layer, known as ilerite, were conducted in the presence of tin (SnCl4·5H2O) as a heteroatom. The main aim of the study was to investigate the influence of the above-mentioned compound on the resulting material, as well as the possibility of isomorphous replacement of Si by Sn atoms. For comparison, unmodified ilerite, ilerite impregnated by SnO2, and ilerite synthesized in the presence of Al (aluminum isopropoxide) were also used. The ilerite structure observed was that of Na-ilerite. Syntheses of samples with various Sn/Si ratios (up to the value of 0.01Sn/4Si) and Al/Si ratios (up to the value of 0.005Al/4Si) resulted in a magadiite structure. Synthesis methods applied to Sn-modified materials were found to be unsuitable for the introduction of tetrahedrally substituted Al. The characterization methods used were X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), and diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy. and these indicated the presence of metal oxide species on the surfaces of the crystals, in addition to a small degree of replacement of Si by Sn or Al in the tetrahedral layers.
Structure and function of Tec family kinase Itk
Authors: Qi Qian , Kannan Arun Kumar , August Avery 
Published: June 2011

AbstractItk is a member of the Tec family of kinases that is expressed predominantly in T cells. Itk regulates the T cell receptor signaling pathway to modulate T cell development and T helper cell differentiation, particularly Th2 differentiation. Itk is also important for the development and function of iNKT cells. In this review we discuss current progress on our understanding of the structure, activation and signaling pathway of Itk, in addition to inhibitors that have been developed, which target this kinase. We also place in context the function of Itk, available inhibitors and potential use in treating disease.
Cerebrospinal fluid findings in infants with pertussis or parapertussis1)
Authors: Chu Tina T. , Groh Jesse , Cruz Andrea T. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract

Background: Pertussis has been increasing in frequency and can cause protean manifestation in infants, often resulting in extensive laboratory evaluation.

Methods: We examined the prevalence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) anomalies in infants with pertussis and parapertussis over a 5-year period.

Results: In total, 239 of 1489 children (16.1%) had a positive PCR for pertussis or parapertussis. Eighty-three percent were infants; the mean age of the 39 years who received a lumbar puncture (LP) was 43 days. Reasons for performing LP included apnea (62%), toxic appearance (38%), fever (26%), and altered mentation (10%); several had >1 indication for LP. Twenty-four (62%) children had elevated CSF protein. No child had hypoglycorrhachia, bacterial meningitis, bacteremia, or intracranial hemorrhage; one child had a urinary tract infection and five had pneumonia. Seven children had brain imaging performed; one had a subarachnoid hemorrhage and six had normal studies. Elevated age-normalized CSF protein was a common finding in infants with pertussis, potentially due to transfer across a damaged or immature blood-brain barrier. This finding was seen in the absence of concomitant bacterial infections or detectable intracranial anomalies.

Conclusions: While the diagnostic evaluation and clinical management of a toxic-appearing infant should not be limited by a positive pertussis or parapertussis PCR, it is useful for physicians to be cognizant that elevated CSF protein can be seen in association with these infections.
Effect of graded doses of Caesalpinia bonducella seed extract on ovary and uterus in albino rats
Authors: Salunke Kanchan R. , Ahmed R. Nazeer , Marigoudar Shambanagouda R. , Lilaram  
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Histological changes observed under light microscope illustrate follicular degeneration in ovary, vacuolation and mild disorganization of uterus on treatment with graded doses of alcohol seed extract of Caesalpinia bonducella. There was a significant decrease (p≤0.05) in duration of estrous cycle and mean ovarian weight. However, there were no uniform variations in mean uterine weight, serum estradiol and progesterone level. The results suggest that alcohol seed extract of C. bonducella has antiestrogenic property, possibly acting via inhibition of estrogen secretion.
Frequency-Domain Chromatic Dispersion Equalization Using Overlap-Add Methods in Coherent Optical System
Authors: Xu T. , Jacobsen G. , Popov S. , Forzati M. , Mårtensson J. , Mussolin M. , Li J. , Wang K. , Zhang Y. , Friberg A. T. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The frequency domain equalizers (FDEs) employing two types of overlap-add zero-padding (OLA-ZP) methods are applied to compensate the chromatic dispersion in a 112-Gbit/s non-return-to-zero polarization division multiplexed quadrature phase shift keying (NRZ-PDM-QPSK) coherent optical transmission system. Simulation results demonstrate that the OLA-ZP methods can achieve the same acceptable performance as the overlapsave method. The required minimum overlap (or zero-padding) in the FDE is derived, and the optimum fast Fourier transform length to minimize the computational complexity is also analyzed.
Holy War Redux: The Crusades, Futures of the Past, and Strategic Logic in the “Clash” of Religions
Authors: Heng Geraldine 
Published: June 2011

[G]reat devastation [was] inflicted on the Iraqi people by the crusader-Zionist alliance.…—World Islamic Front[T]here is a Zionist Crusader war on Islam. … I call on mujahedin and their supporters … to prepare for long war against the Crusader plunderers.…—Osama Bin Laden, “Bin Laden”This war is fundamentally religious. … the most ferocious, serious, and violent Crusade campaign against Islam ever since the message was revealed to Muhammad.…—Osama Bin Laden, “West”[T]his Crusade, this war on terrorism, is gonna take a while.—George W. BushThis is no less than a clash of civilizations—the … reaction of an ancient rival against our Judeo-Christian heritage, our secular present, and the worldwide expansion of both.—Bernard Lewis, “Roots”In a lead 1990 article for theatlantic monthly, bernard lewis, a well-known historian of islamic studies, conjured the catchphrase “clash of civilizations” to narrate what he saw as fundamental relations of enmity between Islamicate societies and the countries of “the West”—“the West” being shorthand for polities that bear the legacies of Christendom, the Crusades, and the European Enlightenment—since the seventh-century emergence of Islam. Three years later, Samuel Huntington, a well-known political scientist, picked up Lewis's theme and, in an article forForeign Affairs, embroidered it into a theory of global relations to fill what Huntington saw as the political vacuum that had materialized after the cold war's closure (“Clash”). (In 1945–90, the rhetoric of civilizational clash seemed to have been adequately, if temporarily, filled by superpower contests between the United States and the Soviet Union and their allies/surrogates.)
The Patient-Centered Health Home: Transformation to Excellence in Practice
Authors: Sims W Bryan 
Published: June 2011

The growing demand for quality health care in America requires transformation from a traditional medical model to a comprehensive, evidence-based, patient-centered model of care. In addition, health care must be cost effective, quality focused, and provides adequate access to all populations in all settings. A practice in southeast Texas endeavored to meet this challenge by intentionally transforming its multispecialty medical practice into a patient-centered health home.The health home practice model seeks to strengthen the patient–provider relationship through an effective, interactive, coordinated care, and a long-term healing relationship. Transition of practices to the health home model is best facilitated through staff training and with the use of a robust electronic medical record (EMR), auditing software, and a web-based interface to facilitate patient interaction. Established quality measures used as a benchmark to evaluate patient and provider adherence provide transparency that fosters a trusting relationship critical to effective health care. The author offers this view of the leadership role of the doctor of nursing practice (DNP) in the transformation of a multispecialty practice to a patient-centered health home.
Estimated Deaths Attributable to Social Factors in the United States
Authors: Galea Sandro , Tracy Melissa , Hoggatt Katherine J. , DiMaggio Charles , Karpati Adam 
Published: June 2011

Objectives. We estimated the number of deaths attributable to social factors in the United States. Methods. We conducted a MEDLINE search for all English-language articles published between 1980 and 2007 with estimates of the relation between social factors and adult all-cause mortality. We calculated summary relative risk estimates of mortality, and we obtained and used prevalence estimates for each social factor to calculate the population-attributable fraction for each factor. We then calculated the number of deaths attributable to each social factor in the United States in 2000. Results. Approximately 245 000 deaths in the United States in 2000 were attributable to low education, 176 000 to racial segregation, 162 000 to low social support, 133 000 to individual-level poverty, 119 000 to income inequality, and 39 000 to area-level poverty. Conclusions. The estimated number of deaths attributable to social factors in the United States is comparable to the number attributed to pathophysiological and behavioral causes. These findings argue for a broader public health conceptualization of the causes of mortality and an expansive policy approach that considers how social factors can be addressed to improve the health of populations.
The Influence of Social Involvement, Neighborhood Aesthetics, and Community Garden Participation on Fruit and Vegetable Consumption
Authors: Litt Jill S. , Soobader Mah-J. , Turbin Mark S. , Hale James W. , Buchenau Michael , Marshall Julie A. 
Published: June 2011

Objectives. We considered the relationship between an urban adult population's fruit and vegetable consumption and several selected social and psychological processes, beneficial aesthetic experiences, and garden participation.Methods. We conducted a population-based survey representing 436 residents across 58 block groups in Denver, Colorado, from 2006 to 2007. We used multilevel statistical models to evaluate the survey data.Results. Neighborhood aesthetics, social involvement, and community garden participation were significantly associated with fruit and vegetable intake. Community gardeners consumed fruits and vegetables 5.7 times per day, compared with home gardeners (4.6 times per day) and nongardeners (3.9 times per day). Moreover, 56% of community gardeners met national recommendations to consume fruits and vegetables at least 5 times per day, compared with 37% of home gardeners and 25% of nongardeners.Conclusions. Our study results shed light on neighborhood processes that affect food-related behaviors and provides insights about the potential of community gardens to affect these behaviors. The qualities intrinsic to community gardens make them a unique intervention that can narrow the divide between people and the places where food is grown and increase local opportunities to eat better.
Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Reliability of Child-Initiated Pretend Play Assessment (ChIPPA)
Authors: Pfeifer Luzia I. , Queiroz Mirella A. , Santos Jair L. F. , Stagnitti Karen E. 
Published: June 2011

Background. Play is an indication of a children's development. Purpose. Organize a culturally adapt the Child-Initiated Pretend Play Assessment to Brazilian population. Method. Translation and cultural adaptation procedures consisted of translation, synthesis, back translation, author's approval, and pretest of the assessment. For the pretest, 14 typically developing children were assessed. Was evaluated the use of play materials, duration of the assessment, and reliability. Findings. Play materials and duration of the assessment were appropriate for Brazilian children. Analysis of intra-rater reliability showed good agreement ranging from 0.90 to 1.00. Inter-rater reliability showed good to moderate agreement for five items ranging from 0.76 to 0.59. Four items showed chance to poor agreement (rho = −0.13 to 0.50). Implications. Results of the pretest indicate the Brazilian version of the ChIPPA is potentially useful for Brazilian children. ChIPPA training in Portuguese in Brazil with play observation feedback is recommended to improve inter-rater reliability.
Cluster Analysis of Self-Monitoring Blood Glucose Assessments in Clinical Islet Cell Transplantation for Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Takita Morihito , Matsumoto Shinichi , Noguchi Hirofumi , Shimoda Masayuki , Chujo Daisuke , Itoh Takeshi , Sugimoto Koji , SoRelle Jeffery A. , Onaca Nicholas , Naziruddin Bashoo , Levy Marlon F. 
Published: June 2011

OBJECTIVE
Cluster analysis was performed on the results of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) to discriminate islet graft function after islet cell transplantation (ICT) in patients with type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Eleven islet recipients were included in this study. The patients visited our clinic monthly after ICT and provided blood samples for fasting C-peptide (n = 270), which were used to evaluate islet graft function. They also provided their SMBG data through an automatic data collection system. The SMBG data for 3 days immediately before each clinic visit were evaluated using the following assessments: M value, mean amplitude of glycemic excursions, J index, index of glycemic control, average daily risk range, and glycemic risk assessment diabetes equation. The cluster analysis was performed for both SMBG assessments and samples. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the clusters of SMBG for assessing islet graft function.

RESULTS
Analysis for SMBG assessments revealed five types of clusters, which showed similar patterns according to functional or dysfunctional islet graft phase. Two clusters, the euglycemia cluster (P &lt; 0.001) and the hypoglycemia cluster (P = 0.001), were significant factors in the logistic model for islet graft function. The SMBG clusters had significant correlations with clinical graft indexes (P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Cluster analysis of SMBG data as part of an automated data quality system could allow discrimination of islet graft dysfunction after ICT. This approach should be considered for islet recipients.
On the classical simulation of unimolecular reaction processes
Authors: Pritchard Huw 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The numerical simulation of the internal motions of a molecule undergoing a unimolecular reaction on an assumed potential energy surface requires the step-by-step solution of a set of simultaneous differential equations. After several thousand time steps, due to differences in the handling of rounding errors in different computing systems, the situation often arises that no two computing machines will give the same result for a given trajectory, even when running the identical algorithm. Such effects are demonstrated for a simple unimolecular isomerisation reaction. In general, it is only when reliance is placed on the integration of a single trajectory, rather than on an ensemble of similar trajectories, that conclusions may be unreliable. Moreover, under certain conditions, small molecules may show signs of chaotic internal motions; conversely, but for a different reason, large molecules may exhibit non-statistical characteristics rather than RRKM behaviour. The rounding error problem, in a slightly different guise, has come to be dubbed the “butterfly effect” in popular culture, and the original proposition is re-examined using 16- and 32-decimal precision arithmetic.
QSAR modeling of anxiolytic activity taking into account the presence of keto- and enol-tautomers by balance of correlations with ideal slopes
Authors: Toropova Alla. , Toropov Andrey , Benfenati Emilio , Gini Giuseppina , Leszczynska Danuta , Leszczynski Jerzy 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Optimal descriptors calculated with simplified molecular input line entry system (SMILES) have been examined as a tool for prediction of anxiolytic activity. Descriptors calculated with SMILES (a) of keto-isomers; (b) of enol-isomers; and (c) of both keto-isomers together with enol-isomers have been studied. Three approaches have been compared: 1. classic’ training-test’ system 2. balance of correlations and 3. balance of correlations with ideal slopes. The best statistical characteristics for the external validation set took place for optimal descriptors calculated with SMILES of both keto-form and enol-form (i.e., molecular structure was represented in the format: ’sMILES of keto-form. SMILES of enol-form’) by means of balance of correlations with ideal slopes. The predictive potential of this model was checked with three random splits.
Quality of life and functional fitness of the elderly
Authors: Leś Anna , Gaworska Marta 
Published: June 2011

Quality of life and functional fitness of the elderly

Study aim: To assess the perceived life quality and functional fitness of elderly subjects.
Material and methods: Two groups of subjects, aged 70 - 92 years, were studied: residents of a nursing home (Group R; n = 53) and those attending daytime nursing homes (Group D; n = 76). The EuroQol 5D questionnaire, and Romberg's and The Fullerton Functional Fitness tests were applied.

Results: Subjects from Group D perceived their daily functioning and general feeling much higher than those from Group R. Group R seemed more homogenous in that respect than Group D since only in the former all three indices of the quality of life (daily functioning, general feeling and perceived health) were significantly intercorrelated (p<0.05 - 0.001).

Conclusions: Social aid for the elderly ought to be focused on stimulating them to be active instead of giving them a direct assistance only.
Prospective du commerce physique de biens culturels
Authors: Moati Philippe 
Published: June 2011

R éSUMé Si le commerce physique des biens culturels reste le maillon économique central de l'économie de la création, quel est son avenir dans le contexte de la révolution numérique qui tend à déstructurer les filières par le double effet de la dématérialisation des contenus culturels et de la migration d'une partie de l'offre et des transactions dans l'univers numérique ? L'exercice prospectif à court terme (horizon 2015) tente, à partir de l'identification des tendances lourdes et de l'observation des stratégies actuelles d'adaptation des acteurs, d'envisager trois scénarios d'évolution des filières dans quatre secteurs culturels : musique enregistrée, livre, jeu vidéo et films en vidéo.
Élaboration progressive d'une démarche thérapeutique au domicile d'une mère adolescente
Authors: Cazenave Marie-Thérèse , Guédeney Antoine 
Published: June 2011

Résumé L’intérêt pour les théories et l’exercice de la pratique analytique, l’expérience des visites à domicile, l’utilisation dans ce cas précis des écrits de S. Fraiberg, dont les comptes rendus des thérapies à domicile dans des familles « à hauts risques » physiques et psychiques pour le bébé, ont été des outils qui ont soutenu la liberté de ce suivi de trois ans d’une adolescente et de son bébé. S’y ajoutent la pratique de l’observation Esther Bick en institution ainsi que celle des thérapies groupales institutionnelles ; diverses approches qui ont été d’une aide certaine pour trouver la manière la plus adaptée d’entrer en relation avec cette famille particulièrement persécutée afin d’établir avec elle « une alliance thérapeutique ». Cette alliance, au-delà de la méfiance et des ruptures de liens, en a garanti la durée et l’évolution. Le travail qui suit s’inscrit dans les recherches faites sur la prévention des carences liées aux premiers mois de l’enfant.
Polysémie du fantasme d'incorporation, ou l'histoire d'une jeune fille anorexique-boulimique qui voulait ressembler à sa mère morte
Authors: de Parseval Charlotte 
Published: June 2011

Résumé L’auteur propose ici une analyse psychodynamique du cas clinique d’une jeune fille anorexique-boulimique de 16 ans hospitalisée dans un service de psychiatrie pour adolescents et jeunes adultes. Le matériel clinique présenté a été recueilli pendant plusieurs mois dans le cadre d’entretiens individuels et familiaux, d’un groupe de parole, et de « repos accompagnés ». Cette analyse repose sur une hypothèse directrice : le syndrome anorexique- boulimique constitue une mise en acte d’un fantasme d’incorporation qui peut être interprété à la fois sur un axe œdipien et sur un axe narcissico- mélancolique. Au cœur de la problématique sous-jacente à cette étude de cas se trouve la question de l’articulation de l’acte et du fantasme dans les troubles du comportement alimentaire et, au-delà, dans tous les agirs addictifs.