bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BLOOD COMPONENTS: A novel approach to pathogen reduction in platelet concentrates using short‐wave ultraviolet light
Authors: Mohr Harald , Steil Leif , Gravemann Ute , Thiele Thomas , Hammer Elke , Greinacher Andreas , Müller Thomas H. , Völker Uwe 
Published: August 2009

BACKGROUND:Transfusion of platelet concentrates (PCs) is the basic treatment for severe platelet disorders. PCs carry the risk of pathogen transmission, especially bacteria. Pathogen reduction (PR) by addition of photochemical reagents and irradiation with visible or ultraviolet (UV) light can significantly reduce this risk. We present a novel approach for PR in PCs employing UVC light alone.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:UVC PR was evaluated by bacteria and virus infectivity assays. PC quality was investigated by measuring pH, lactate, glucose, hypotonic shock response, platelet aggregation, CD62P expression, and annexin V binding as in vitro parameters. The impact of UVC PR on the platelet proteome was assessed by differential in‐gel electrophoresis and compared with changes caused by UVB and gamma‐irradiation, respectively.RESULTS:Vigorous agitation of loosely placed PCs generated thin fluid layers that allow penetration of UVC light for inactivation of the six bacteria and six of the seven virus species tested. HIV‐1 was only moderately inactivated. UVC light at the dose used (0.4 J/cm2) had a minor impact on in vitro parameters and on storage stability of treated PCs. Proteome analysis revealed a common set of 92 (out of 793) protein spots being affected by all three types of irradiation. Specific alterations were most pronounced for gamma‐irradiation (45 spots), followed by UVB (11 spots) and UVC (2 spots).CONCLUSION:UVC irradiation is a potential new method for pathogen reduction in PCs. The data obtained until now justify further development of this process.
COMMENTARY: Relative safety of pooled whole blood–derived versus single‐donor (apheresis) platelets in the United States: a systematic review of disparate risks
Authors: Vamvakas Eleftherios C. 
Published: August 2009

BACKGROUND: Risks of transfusion‐transmitted infections (TTIs), transfusion‐associated sepsis (TAS), and transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) were compared between pooled whole blood–derived (PWBD) and single‐donor platelets (PLTs) transfused in the United States.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The literature was searched for estimates of the risk of TTIs and TAS and of the effect on bacterial contamination of PLTs of process improvements, bacterial culture, and surrogate methods to detect bacteria. Seven studies published between January 2005 and December 2008 and comparing bacterial contamination frequency between PWBD and single‐donor PLTs after implementing bacterial culture testing of both components were subjected to meta‐analysis. The three retrieved studies diagnosing TRALI based on the 2004 consensus definition in settings transfusing both PWBD and single‐donor PLTs were not amenable to meta‐analysis and were assessed qualitatively.RESULTS: Under a best‐case scenario, if 100% (from the current 12.5%) of PLT doses were provided as PWBD PLTs, the number of additional transmissions of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, bacteria, or a novel pathogen annually could be 1.2, 1.3, 9.0, 105.3, or 69.2 to 252.6, respectively. Compared with single‐donor PLTs, US PLT pools of five concentrates have a 5.6‐fold higher risk of bacterial contamination (summary odds ratio, 5.58; 95% confidence interval, 2.60‐11.98; p < 0.05). The three studies that diagnosed TRALI based on the consensus definition did not demonstrate a difference in risk between PWBD and single‐donor PLTs.CONCLUSIONS: TTIs and TAS determine the relative safety of PWBD versus single‐donor PLTs. The available limited data do not support a higher risk of TRALI from single‐donor (compared with PWBD) PLTs.
TRANSFUSION COMPLICATIONS: Bacterial contamination of pediatric whole blood transfusions in a Kenyan hospital
Authors: Hassall Oliver , Maitland Kathryn , Pole Lewa , Mwarumba Salim , Denje Douglas , Wambua Kongo , Lowe Brett , Parry Christopher , Mandaliya Kishor , Bates Imelda 
Published: August 2009

BACKGROUND: Hospitalized children in sub‐Saharan Africa frequently receive whole blood transfusions for severe anemia. The risk from bacterial contamination of blood for transfusion in sub‐Saharan Africa is not known. This study assessed the frequency of bacterial contamination of pediatric whole blood transfusions at a referral hospital in Kenya.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This was an observational study. Over the course of 1 year, bacteriologic cultures were performed on 434 of the 799 blood packs issued to children by the blood bank of Coast Provincial General Hospital, Mombasa. Clinical outcome was not assessed.RESULTS: Forty‐four bacterial contaminants were isolated from 38 blood packs—an overall contamination frequency of 8.8% (95% confidence interval, 6.1%‐11.4%). Sixty‐four percent of the bacteria isolated were Gram‐negative. Many of the isolates are usually found in the environment and the most likely source of contamination was considered to be the hospital blood bank.CONCLUSION: Bacterial contamination of whole blood may be a significant but unrecognized hazard of blood transfusion for children in sub‐Saharan Africa. Further work is needed to clarify the extent of the problem and its clinical consequences. Increased awareness and adherence to basic principles of asepsis in the hospital blood bank may be important immediate interventions.
An in vitro study of non‐axial forces upon the retention of an O‐ring attachment
Authors: Rodrigues Renata Cristina Silveira , Faria Adriana Cláudia Lapria , Macedo Ana Paula , Sartori Ivete Aparecida de Mattias , De Mattos Maria da Gloria Chiarello , Ribeiro Ricardo Faria 
Published: August 2009

Abstract:Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the retention force of an O‐ring attachment system in different inclinations to the ideal path of insertion, using devices to compensate angulations.Material and methods: Two implants were inserted into an aluminum base, and ball attachments were screwed to implants. Cylinders with O‐rings were placed on ball attachments and connected to the test device using positioners to compensate implant angulations (0°, 7°, and 14°). Plexiglass bases were used to simulate implant angulations. The base and the test device were positioned in a testing apparatus, which simulated insertion/removal of an overdenture. A total of 2900 cycles, simulating 2 years of overdenture use, were performed and 36 O‐rings were tested. The force required for each cycle was recorded with computer software. Longitudinal sections of ball attachment–positioner–cylinder with O‐rings of each angulation were obtained to analyze the relationship among them, and O‐ring sections tested in each angulation were compared with an unused counterpart. A mixed linear model was used to analyze the data, and the comparison was performed by orthogonal contrasts (α=0.05).Results: At 0°, the retention force decreased significantly over time, and the retention force was significantly different in all comparisons, except from 12 to 18 months. When the implants were positioned at 7°, the retention force was statistically different at 0 and 24 months. At 14°, significant differences were found from 6 and 12 to 24 months.Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that O‐rings for implant/attachments perpendicular to the occlusal plane were adequately retentive over the first year and that the retentive capacity of O‐ring was affected by implant inclinations despite the proposed positioners.
Vertical ridge augmentation of the atrophic posterior mandible with interpositional bloc grafts: bone from the iliac crest vs. bovine anorganic bone. Clinical and histological results up to one year after loading from a randomized‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Felice Pietro , Marchetti Claudio , Iezzi Giovanna , Piattelli Adriano , Worthington Helen , Pellegrino Gerardo , Esposito Marco 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectives: To compare two different techniques for vertical bone augmentation of the posterior mandible: bone blocs from the iliac crest vs. anorganic bovine bone blocs used as inlays.Materials and methods: Ten partially edentulous patients having 5–7 mm of residual crestal height above the mandibular canal had their posterior mandibles randomly allocated to both interventions. After 4 months implants were inserted, and after 4 months, provisional prostheses were placed. Definitive prostheses were delivered after 4 months. Histomorphometry of samples trephined at implant placement, prosthesis and implant failures, any complication after loading and peri‐implant marginal bone‐level changes were assessed by masked assessors. All patients were followed up to 1 year after loading.Results: Four months after bone augmentation, there was statistically significant more residual graft (between 10% and 13%) in the Bio‐Oss group. There were no statistically significant differences in failures and complications. Two implants could not be placed in one patient augmented with autogenous bone because the graft failed whereas one implant and its prosthesis of the Bio‐Oss group failed after loading. After implant loading only one complication (peri‐implantitis) occurred at one implant of the autogenous bone group. In 16 months (from implant placement to 1 year after loading), both groups lost statistically significant amounts of peri‐implant marginal bone: 0.82 mm in the autogenous bone group and 0.59 mm in the Bio‐Oss group; however, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups.Conclusions: Both procedures achieved good results, but the use of bovine blocs was less invasive and may be preferable than harvesting bone from the iliac crest.
FCRL2 mRNA expression is inversely associated with clinical progression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Nückel Holger , Collins Crista H. , Frey Ulrich H. , Sellmann Ludger , Dürig Jan , Siffert Winfried , Dührsen Ulrich 
Published: August 2009

AbstractFc receptor‐like 2 (FCRL2) is highly expressed on B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B‐CLL) cells and could possibly influence disease pathogenesis. Therefore, we investigated FCRL2 mRNA expression in a large cohort with 152 CLL patients in order to assess its role in risk prediction in B‐CLL. FCRL2 mRNA expression was found to be expressed at considerably higher levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of B‐CLL patients compared to controls (range 1.35‐ to 210‐fold upregulation; P < 0.0001) and cells of other hematological diseases. Patients with high FCRL2 expression (according to ROC‐analysis) had a significantly longer treatment‐free survival (TFS) and overall survival (OS) than patients with low FCRL2 expression (median TFS: 119 vs. 34 months, P < 0.0001; median OS: 321 months vs. not reached, P = 0.009). Univariate comparisons found that FCRL2 expression was weakly associated with IGHV mutation status (P = 0.05), CD38 status (P < 0.0001) and ZAP‐70 status (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, we show that the combination of FCRL2 with ZAP70‐, CD38‐ or IGHV‐status could further significantly refine the prognostic information provided by either of the factors alone in TFS and OS. In multivariate analysis low FCRL2 expression was a significant independent prognostic factor (HR 2.4; P = 0.005). Here we demonstrate that the level of FCRL2 expression is correlated with prognosis in B‐CLL.
Psychological treatments for functional non-epileptic attacks: a systematic review
Authors: Gaynor Danielle , Cock Hannah , Agrawal Niruj 
Published: August 2009

Objective:There is a lack of clarity about the most useful intervention for functional non-epileptic attacks (FNEA). Outcomes for this condition remain often poor, with considerable personal, social and economic impact. In order to guide clinical practice and future research in this area, we have performed a systematic review of the published literature on the psychological treatment of FNEA.Methods:A comprehensive literature search was carried out using key words: non-epileptic seizures; psychogenic seizures; psychogenic non-epileptic seizures; pseudoseizures; funny turns; non-epileptic attack; hysterical seizures; and pseudoepileptic. Studies specifically looking at psychological treatment of FNEA were identified. Studies of patients also having comorbid organic seizure disorders were excluded.Results:17 studies that met the inclusion criteria were identified. A broad variety of psychological interventions for FNEA has been investigated. Only one randomised controlled trial has been completed to date. Existing evidence appears to suggest that various psychological treatments, including presenting the diagnosis, psychoeducation, behavioural therapies and mixed modality treatments, may be effective.Conclusion:While a range of psychological treatments may be beneficial for this patient group, we do not have clear evidence to suggest which treatment is most efficacious. Specific elements of presenting the diagnosis and psychoeducation may be required in addition to traditional cognitive behavioural therapeutic approaches. Large, methodologically robust studies are urgently required to establish the most effective form of treatment.
Bridging the gap between adult and paediatric outcomes in HIV‐1 vertically infected children: a single‐centre comparison with adult data
Authors: Monpoux F , Puglièse P , Berthier F , Cottalorda J , Pradier C 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPrognosis of HIV‐1 infection dramatically improved during the last decade. Meanwhile, treatment‐induced virological success has always been different in adult and children patients.Aim:  To compare 10 years of follow up in HIV‐1 vertically infected children and adult patients.Methods:  Monocentric retrospective longitudinal analysis of vertically HIV‐1‐infected children and adult patients followed in the Nice University Hospital between 1999 and 2008. Immunological, virological and antiretroviral treatment data were recorded.Results:  Forty children and 1752 adult patients were included. Between 1996 and 2008, the percentage of children receiving HAART increased from 3.2% to 91%. Mean CD4% in the paediatric group remained stable between 29 ± 8.1% in 1998 and 30 ± 9.4% in 2008. Mean adult CD4‐cell count significantly increased from 410 in 1998 to 556 cells/mL in 2008. Logistic regression analysis showed that the children‐to‐adult difference for indetectability (HIV PCR‐RNA below 400 copies/mL) was significant (p < 0.0001) with an odds ratio of 0.61 (CI95th: 0.52–0.72). Year‐to‐patient interaction was also significant with a decreasing divergence over time (p: 0.038).Conclusion:  Nowadays as in adult patients, the control of HIV‐1 replication is achieved in nearly eight of 10 children and the percentage of patients with severe immunodeficiency dramatically decreased compared with the mid 1990s.
Full Mouth Restoration on Dental Implants Utilizing Titanium Laser‐Welded Frameworks
Authors: SCHNEIDER ROBERT 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTIn today's dental literature, most frequently, esthetics are addressed with fixed restorations. This article will illustrate the opportunity to provide our patients with very good esthetic outcomes with a hopeless dentition utilizing dental implants, laser‐welded titanium components, and characterized acrylic resin prostheses. The definitive prostheses provide excellent facial support, phonetics, esthetics, smile line, and function. The steps in such a treatment will be presented from the clinical to dental laboratory procedures.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEIncorporating newer technology into our patient treatment plans, which increasingly includes dental implants, may allow more time‐efficient, esthetic, predictable, and reliable treatment. Laser‐welded titanium frameworks offer many advantages for the patient, clinician, and dental technician, which are illustrated.
Initial Repair Bond Strength of a Nano‐filled Hybrid Resin: Effect of Surface Treatments and Bonding Agents
Authors: YESILYURT CEMAL , KUSGOZ ADEM , BAYRAM MEHMET , ULKER MUSTAFA 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTBackground:  The optimal surface treatment is an important factor in repairing failed restorations.Purpose:  The aim of this study was to compare the effect of different surface treatments in combination with bonding agents on the repair of an aged nano‐filled resin composite.Materials and Methods:  Resin composite disks (N = 180; Filtek Supreme XT, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MO, USA), 6 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height, were prepared. After accelerated aging of 300 hours in a weathering tester, the specimens were randomly divided into six groups of 30 each, according to the following surface treatment methods: no surface treatment (control group, C), 38% phosphoric acid gel (PA), 9.6% hydrofluoric acid gel (HF), abrasion with sodium bicarbonate particles (SB), aluminum trioxide particle abrasion (AT), and diamond bur (DB). Fresh resin composite was bonded to the treated surfaces with one of two bonding agents (Prime&Bond NT, Dentsply/Caulk, Milford, DE, USA; Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray Co./J., Morita, Japan). The effect of each surface treatment on the bond strength was determined by a shear bond test. Data were analyzed by two‐way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test (p = 0.05).Results:  Significant differences were found between the groups, for both surface treatment and bonding agent (p < 0.05). For all surface treatments, the shear bond strengths (SBSs) with Clearfil SE were higher than those with Prime&Bond (p < 0.05). The mean SBS values for the surface treatment groups were, from highest to lowest, 19.3 (DB), 18.7 (AT), 17.4 (SB), 15.2 (HF), 9.2 (C), and 8.8 MPa (PA).Conclusions:  Surface treatment with DB or AT was more effective than with the other surface treatments tested for the repair of nano‐filled composites. The adhesive used as an intermediate agent is also important in composite repair.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCESurface treatment with a diamond bur plus a proper adhesive agent is a simple, efficient, and cost‐effective procedure for enhancing the shear bond strength of a repaired nano‐hybrid resin composite.
The molecular mechanism underlying the reduction in abdominal fat accumulation by licorice flavonoid oil in high fat diet‐induced obese rats
Authors: HONDA Kazuhisa , KAMISOYAMA Hiroshi , TOMINAGA Yuji , YOKOTA Shinichi , HASEGAWA Shin 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTLicorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) has been widely used in traditional medicines, and its flavonoid oil (LFO) decreases abdominal adipose tissue weight in mammals. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the decrease in abdominal adipose tissue weight by LFO. LFO significantly decreased the mRNA levels of rate‐limiting enzymes in the hepatic fatty acid synthetic pathway, whereas LFO significantly increased the mRNA levels of a rate‐limiting enzyme in the hepatic fatty acid oxidative pathway. LFO significantly decreased the mRNA levels of sterol regulatory element‐binding protein‐1c (SREBP‐1c) (a transcription factor that promotes hepatic fatty acid synthesis), whereas the mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐α (PPAR‐α) (a transcription factor that promotes hepatic fatty acid oxidation) was significantly increased. All our findings suggest that the decrease in abdominal adipose tissue weight by LFO is mediated by the transcriptional regulation of SREBP‐1c and PPAR‐α in the liver. Thus, we infer that the natural ingredient LFO is a promising candidate for use as a feed additive to reduce abdominal fat accumulation in domestic animals.
An epidemiological survey on pigs showing symptoms of infectious enteric diseases and dyspepsia in Japan
Authors: USHIDA Kazunari , KISHIMOTO Akio , PIAO Shong‐Ji , ITOH Mitsugi , SHIGA Akira , NAKANISHI Nobuo , TSUKAHARA Takamitsu 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTDiarrhea in pigs has the potential to have a serious economic impact on the swine industry. Previously, we suggested that the likely cause of the presence of non‐infectious diarrhea in pigs characterized by lactate accumulation was dyspepsia. In this experiment, the prevalence of enteropathogens and hyper‐lactate accumulation in feces of piglets in 4 distinct growth stages was examined. The feces were collected when veterinarian experts recognized abnormalities in sporadic outbreaks. Prevalence of enteropathogens in diarrheal feces was 100% in fattening pigs (FP), 75% in weaning pigs (WP), 50% in suckling pigs (SP), and 42% in growing pigs (GP). Prevalence of enteropathogens in loose feces was 53% in WP, 50% in SP, 40% in FP, and 28% in GP. Prevalence of hyper‐lactate accumulation in diarrheal feces was 33% in GP, 33% in SP, 25% in WP, and 25% in FP. Prevalence of hyper‐lactate accumulation in loose feces was 40% in GP, 0% in SP, 7% in WP, and 5% in FP. Accordingly, non‐infectious dyspepsia is frequent in growing pigs. In this period, pigs are potentially exposed to needless antimicrobial therapeutic treatments in sporadic cases.
Mutagenesis at the α–β interface impairs the cleavage of the dystroglycan precursor
Authors: Sciandra Francesca , Bozzi Manuela , Morlacchi Simona , Galtieri Antonio , Giardina Bruno , Brancaccio Andrea 
Published: August 2009

The interaction between α‐dystroglycan (α‐DG) and β‐dystroglycan (β‐DG), the two constituent subunits of the adhesion complex dystroglycan, is crucial in maintaining the integrity of the dystrophin–glycoprotein complex. The importance of the α–β interface can be seen in the skeletal muscle of humans affected by severe conditions, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, where the α–β interaction can be secondarily weakened or completely lost, causing sarcolemmal instability and muscular necrosis. The reciprocal binding epitopes of the two subunits reside within the C‐terminus of α‐DG and the ectodomain of β‐DG. As no ultimate structural data are yet available on the α–β interface, site‐directed mutagenesis was used to identify which specific amino acids are involved in the interaction. A previous alanine‐scanning analysis of the recombinant β‐DG ectodomain allowed the identification of two phenylalanines important for α‐DG binding, namely F692 and F718. In this article, similar experiments performed on the α‐DG C‐terminal domain pinpointed two residues, G563 and P565, as possible binding counterparts of the two β‐DG phenylalanines. In 293‐Ebna cells, the introduction of alanine residues instead of F692, F718, G563 and P565 prevented the cleavage of the DG precursor that liberates α‐ and β‐DG, generating a pre‐DG of about 160 kDa. This uncleaved pre‐DG tetramutant is properly targeted at the cell membrane, is partially glycosylated and still binds laminin in pull‐down assays. These data reinforce the notion that DG processing and its membrane targeting are two independent processes, and shed new light on the molecular mechanism that drives the maturation of the DG precursor.Structured digital abstract
MINT‐7214494: alpha DG (uniprotkb:Q62165) binds (MI:0407) to beta DG (uniprotkb:Q62165) by solid phase assay (MI:0892)
MINT‐7214516: laminin (uniprotkb:P19137) binds (MI:0407) to beta DG (uniprotkb:Q62165) by pull down (MI:0096)