bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chiral separation of mandelic acid by temperature‐induced aqueous two‐phase system
Authors: Xing Jian‐min , Li Fen‐fang 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: R‐mandelic acid is an important chiral pharmaceutical intermediate, which is commonly obtained by biotransformation. This work has focused on using novel chiral recognition technology, aqueous two‐phase extraction, for the chiral separation of mandelic acid.RESULTS: The copper (II) formed a 2:1 complex with β‐CD in an alkaline solution, which was isolated from solution by the addition of ethanol. The complex structure was characterized by IR and UV spectroscopy. The chiral recognition system was established by adding Cu2‐β‐CD into the triton‐114 aqueous two‐phase extraction system, which preferentially recognizes the (R)‐enantiomer rather than the (S)‐enantiomer. Factors affecting the extraction mechanism were analyzed, namely the concentration of Cu2‐β‐CD and tritonX‐114, the types of salts, pH, and temperature. It was found that the concentration of Cu2‐β‐CD and temperature were the most important influencing factors for chiral separation of mandedlic acid. The experimental results showed that the ee values increased with pH and concentration of trition‐114, and the maximum ee was 67.91%. The addition of inorganic salt had a strong influence on ee, which decreased when salt was added into the aqueous two‐phase extraction system.CONCLUSION: A novel chiral recognition technology ‐ aqueous two phase extraction is reported in this paper.The tritonX‐114 aqueous two phase system have a good recognition ability for mandelic acid. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of bacterial inoculum ratio in mixed culture for decolourization and detoxification of pulp paper mill effluent
Authors: Chandra Ram , Singh Rachna , Yadav Sangeeta 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Effluent released from industry is a mixture of various pollutants. For the degradation of complex pollutants, mixed bacterial cultures can be more effective than a single culture. This study investigated the balance of bacterial populations in a mixed culture for maximum reduction of pollutants.RESULTS: This study deals with the degradation and detoxification of pulp paper mill effluent (PPME) by three bacterial strains, i.e. Serratia marcescens, Serratia liquefaciens and Bacillus cereus in different ratios, and found that two ratios, 4:1:1 and 1:4:1, were effective for the degradation of PPME. These ratios reduced the various pollution parameters. Enzyme bioassay revealed that more enzyme was produced during degradation for the ratio 4:1:1. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that the ratio 4:1:1 degraded 95% of lignin and related compounds, and chlorophenols up to 98%, whereas ratio 1:4:1 reduced lignin by 84% and chlorophenols by 58% after 7 days incubation. Degradation products were confirmed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis. A seed germination bioassay on Phaseolous mungo L. revealed that toxicity was reduced by the ratio 4:1:1.CONCLUSION: Due to variable potential of different bacteria show variation in their growth pattern at any contaminated site. This study shows that an appropriate ratio of mixed cultures is required for maximum degradation and detoxification of PPME. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Growth promotive conditions for enhanced eritadenine production during submerged cultivation of Lentinus edodes
Authors: Enman Josefine , Hodge David , Berglund Kris Arvid , Rova Ulrika 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Mycelium of the medicinal mushroom shiitake, Lentinus edodes, is a potential source for production of the blood cholesterol reducing compound eritadenine. To increase the mycelial biomass and in turn the production of eritadenine, a potential growth promoting substance in the form of a water extract of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) was added to the culture media.RESULTS: The hot water extract of DDGS was shown to considerably increase the growth of shiitake mycelia in bioreactor cultivations; the mycelial yield was 2–3 times higher than in the control, and the highest final biomass concentration obtained was 3.4 g L−1. Further, by using shake flask cultures as inoculums the bioreactor cultivation time could be reduced by 1 week for some of the experiments. The highest final titer of eritadenine in the present study was 25.1 mg L−1, which was about 2 times higher than in the control, and was also obtained when a water extract of DDGS was added to the culture medium.CONCLUSION: It was demonstrated that a water extract of DDGS promoted the growth of shiitake mycelia in bioreactor cultivations, along with enhanced eritadenine production. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Removal of Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution using a cation exchanger derived from banana stem
Authors: Anirudhan Thayyath S. , Fernandez Noeline B. , Mullassery Manohar D. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Environmental pollution and its abatement have attracted much attention for some time. The problem of removing pollutants from water and wastewater has grown along with rapid industrialization. Formaldehyde polymerized banana stem (FPBS) having sulphonic acid groups was investigated as an adsorbent for cadmium(II) removal from aqueous solutions.RESULTS: The outstanding function of the adsorbent was demonstrated at pH 9.0. The adsorption efficiency of FPBS was compared with BS and results showed that FPBS was two times more effective than BS for cadmium(II) removal. Maximum recoveries of 97.3 and 90.3% for 10 and 25 mg L−1 initial concentrations were obtained at pH 9.0. Kinetic studies revealed that adsorption occurred in two stages: external mass transport in the first stage and intra‐particular diffusion in the second stage. Adsorption was found to be rapid and equilibrium was attained in 60 min. Among the various desorbing agents tested, 99.2% cadmium recovery was achieved with 0.1 mol L−1 HCl.CONCLUSIONS: The uptake efficiency of cadmium(II) by FPBS was determined. Repeated adsorption‐desorption study showed that FPBS can be used as an adsorbent for the removal and recovery of Cd(II) from aqueous solutions. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Introduction: General versus specific measures and the special case of core self‐evaluations
Authors: Spector Paul E. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryThis paper introduces a Journal of Organizational Behavior point/counterpoint exchange (this issue) that focuses on the appropriate level of aggregation primarily in the assessment of personality in general and core self‐evaluations (CSE) in particular. Gilad Chen reviews arguments for and against the higher‐order construct of CSE, offering a number of recommendations for strengthening it. Timothy Judge and John Kammeyer‐Mueller offer a defense of CSE, and then extend the discussion to the measurement of other constructs beyond the personality domain. Together these two papers provide important insights about the appropriate level of aggregation of individual measures, and situations in which higher‐order versus lower‐order measures might be preferred. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of splinting and exercise on intraneural edema of the median nerve in carpal tunnel syndrome—an MRI study to reveal therapeutic mechanisms
Authors: Schmid Annina B. , Elliott James M. , Strudwick Mark W. , Little Mary , Coppieters Michel W. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSplinting and nerve and tendon gliding exercises are commonly used to treat carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). It has been postulated that both modalities reduce intraneural edema. To test this hypothesis, 20 patients with mild to moderate CTS were randomly allocated to either night splinting or a home program of nerve and tendon gliding exercises. Magnetic resonance images of the wrist were taken at baseline, immediately after 10 min of splinting or exercise, and following 1 week of intervention. Primary outcome measures were signal intensity of the median nerve at the wrist as a measure of intraneural edema and palmar bowing of the carpal ligament. Secondary outcome measures were changes in symptom severity and function. Following 1 week of intervention, but not immediately after 10 min, signal intensity of the median nerve was reduced by ∼11% at the radioulnar level for both interventions (p = 0.03). This was accompanied by a mild improvement in symptoms and function (p < 0.004). A similar reduction in signal intensity is not observed in patients who only receive advice to remain active. No changes in signal intensity were identified further distally (p > 0.28). Ligament bowing remained unchanged (p > 0.08). Intraneural edema reduction is a likely therapeutic mechanism of splinting and exercise. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1343–1350, 2012
Arginine‐rich coconut kernel diet influences nitric oxide synthase activity in alloxandiabetic rats
Authors: Salil Gopalakrishnan , Nevin Kottayath G. , Rajamohan Thankappan 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Coconut kernel protein (CKP) has been reported to contain significant amounts of L‐arginine. Its potential effect on glucose homeostasis, possibly through the nitric oxide synthase (NO) pathway, was therefore investigated in alloxan‐induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal dose of alloxan (150 mg kg−1 body weight). Experimental rats were grouped as follows: Group I, normal control; Group II, diabetic control; Group III, diabetic + CKP; Group IV, diabetic + L‐arginine; Group V, diabetic + L‐arginine + L‐NG‐Nitroarginine methyl ester (L‐NAME). Purified CKP isolated from dried coconut kernel and L‐arginine was administered to rats along with a semi‐synthetic diet for 45 days. L‐NAME (0.5 mg kg−1 body weight) was given to Group V animals. After the experimental period, serum glucose, insulin, activities of liver nitric oxide synthase and arginase, liver glycogen levels and histopathology of the pancreas were evaluated.RESULTS: Serum glucose, insulin and antioxidant enzyme activities and liver glycogen levels were found to be restored to basal levels in CKP‐fed rats. Decreased arginase and increased nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activities were found in CKP‐ and arginine‐fed rats. L‐NAME treatment showed a partial effect on these parameters. Histopathology revealed that CKP and L‐arginine feeding reduced the diabetes‐related pancreatic damage in treated rats compared to the diabetic control.CONCLUSION: The results observed in this study indicate that the potential antidiabetic activity of CKP may be through an arginine‐NO pathway leading to pancreatic beta cell regeneration. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Abnormal expression of E‐cadherin in tumor cells is associated with poor prognosis of gastric carcinoma
Authors: Li Yin , Chen Chuang‐Qi , He Yu‐Long , Cai Shi‐Rong , Yang Dong‐Jie , He Wei‐Ling , Xu Jian‐Bo , Zan Wen‐Hua 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), c‐Met, and E‐cadherin with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis in gastric carcinoma (GC).Methods114 specimens were collected from GC patients and expression of HGF, c‐Met, and E‐cadherin in tissue microarray was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Correlation between immunostainings and clinicopathological parameters, follow‐up data of patients, was analyzed statistically.ResultsAbnormal E‐cadherin expression was found in 60.5% (69/114) and associated with tumor depth (P = 0.003), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001) and advanced clinical stage (P = 0.001). High‐expression of HGF and c‐Met were found in 64.0% (73/114) and 82.4% (94/114), respectively. High c‐Met expression was significantly associated with advanced clinical stage (P = 0.001) and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.011) of GC. In univariate survival analysis, high‐expression of HGF and c‐Met, and abnormal E‐cadherin were significantly associated with poor prognosis of GC patients. However, only abnormal E‐cadherin expression (P = 0.001) and tumor depth (P = 0.010) emerged as strong independent prognostic factors for overall survival of GC patients.ConclusionWe found significant correlation among HGF/c‐Met, E‐cadherin expression and worse prognosis of patients with GC. Abnormal E‐cadherin expression may serve as an independent predictive factor for prognosis of GC patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:304–310. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kinetics of Collapse Transition and Cluster Formation in a Thermoresponsive Micellar Solution of P(S‐b‐NIPAM‐b‐S) Induced by a Temperature Jump
Authors: Adelsberger Joseph , Metwalli Ezzeldin , Diethert Alexander , Grillo Isabelle , Bivigou‐Koumba Achille M. , Laschewsky André , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter , Papadakis Christine M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractStructural changes at the intra‐ as well as intermicellar level were induced by the LCST‐type collapse transition of poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) in ABA triblock copolymer micelles in water. The distinct process kinetics was followed in situ and in real‐time using time‐resolved small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS), while a micellar solution of a triblock copolymer, consisting of two short deuterated polystyrene endblocks and a long thermoresponsive poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) middle block, was heated rapidly above its cloud point. A very fast collapse together with a multistep aggregation behavior is observed. The findings of the transition occurring at several size and time levels may have implications for the design and application of such thermoresponsive self‐assembled systems.
Synthesis of Main‐Chain Metallo‐Copolymers Containing Donor and Acceptor Bis‐Terpyridyl Ligands for Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Padhy Harihara , Ramesh Mohan , Patra Dhananjaya , Satapathy Rudrakanta , Pola Murali Krishna , Chu Hsuan‐Chih , Chu Chih‐Wei , Wei Kung‐Hwa , Lin Hong‐Cheu 
Published: January 2012

AbstractTwo random (ZnII‐based P1–P2) and two alternating (RuII‐based P3–P4) metallo‐copolymers containing bis‐terpyridyl ligands with various central donor (i.e., fluorene or carbazole) and acceptor (i.e., benzothiadiazole) moieties were synthesized. The effects of electron donor–acceptor interactions with metal (ZnII and RuII) ions on their thermal, optical, and electrochemical properties were investigated. Because of the strong ICT transitions between donor and acceptor ligands in both ZnII‐ and RuII‐based metallo‐coplymers and MLCT transitions in RuII‐based metallo‐coplymers, the absorption spectra covered a broad range of 260–750 nm with the band gaps of 1.57–1.77 eV. In addition, the introduction of RuII‐based metallo‐coplymer P4 mixed with PC60BM as an active layer of the BHJ solar cell device exhibited the highest PCE value up to 0.90%.
Living Polymerization via Anionic Initiation for the Synthesis of Well‐Defined PPV Materials
Authors: Cosemans Inge , Wouters Jimmy , Cleij Thomas , Lutsen Laurence , Maes Wouter , Junkers Tanja , Vanderzande Dirk 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe anionic polymerization of PPV via the sulfinyl precursor route is further investigated. When LHMDS is employed as the base to form the actively propagating quinodimethane system and THF as the solvent, anionic polymerizations can be observed. With the use of tert‐ butyl‐substituted anionic initiators, specific functional groups can be built in the polymer chain and the chain length can be efficiently controlled, which is demonstrated here for the first time. With introduction of branched side chains on the aromatic core, soluble conjugated PPV material can be obtained with molecular weights in the range of 5000–16 000 g mol−1.
Nonsymmetric Black Box multigrid with coarsening by three
Authors: Yavneh Irad , Weinzierl Marion 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYThe classical Petrov–Galerkin approach to Black Box multigrid for nonsymmetric problems due to Dendy is combined with the recent factor‐three‐coarsening Black Box algorithm due to Dendy and Moulton, along with a powerful symmetric line Gauss–Seidel smoother, resulting in an efficient and robust multigrid solver. Focusing on the convection–diffusion operator, the algorithm is tested and shown to achieve fast and reliable convergence with both first‐order and second‐order accurate upstream discretizations of the convection operator. The solver also exhibits robust behavior with respect to discontinuous jumps in the diffusion coefficient and performs well for recirculating flows over a wide range of diffusion coefficients. The efficiency of the solver is supported by results of an analysis for the case of constant coefficients. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antibiotic prescribing trends in a paediatric sub‐population in Ireland
Authors: Keogh C , Motterlini N , Reulbach U , Bennett K , Fahey T 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTPurposeLittle is known about antibiotic prescribing in Irish children. This study aims to examine antibiotic prescribing patterns in Irish children and associated costs and to compare this with European findings.MethodsA retrospective analysis of the Irish Health Services Executive (HSE) pharmacy claims database 2004–2009 for the General Medical Services (GMS) scheme for dispensed medications. This represents 28% of Irish children but over‐represents lower socio‐economic groups. Overall prescribing rates were reported over time (2004–2009), age (0–4, 5–11, 12–15 years) and gender. Statistical comparison is made using negative binomial regression. Overall prescribing rates for the most commonly prescribed drugs were calculated. Associated cost of prescribing also was calculated. European prescribing data were retrieved from the literature.ResultsRates remained stable from 2004 (631/1000 GMS population; 95%CI 628–634) to 2009 (621/1000; 95%CI 618–624). An interaction effect emerged between gender and age. Rates were generally higher for girls, except for the boys aged 0–4 years. The preferred choice of agents changed across years, with co‐amoxiclav becoming the most prescribed drug in 2009 (308/1000; 95%CI 306–310). The total cost of antibiotics increased from €4.4 million in 2004 to €6.0 million in 2009. Higher overall rates of antibiotic prescribing emerged compared with available European data. Differences were observed between prescribing of some first‐line and second‐line drugs.ConclusionsAge and gender trends are consistent with international literature. However, Ireland has higher overall prescribing rates relative to some European countries. This suggests that a quality improvement in prescribing intervention is warranted. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parental trust in health care—a prospective study from the Children's Cancer Hospital in Egypt
Authors: El Malla Hanan , Kreicbergs Ulrika , Steineck Gunnar , Wilderäng Ulrica , El Sayed Elborai Yasser , Ylitalo Nathalie 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectivePatient–physician communication and patient satisfaction are important elements of cancer care. Trust is considered to be crucial for the patient–physician relationship, yet little is to be found in the literature regarding what factors may influence trust.MethodsWe assessed predictors of trust in health‐care professionals and in the medical care by administering two questionnaires, one at start of chemotherapy treatment and one at the time of the third chemotherapy cycle, to 304 parents of children with newly diagnosed cancer at the Children's Cancer Hospital in Cairo, Egypt.ResultsParents' trust in the medical care at the time of the child's third chemotherapy cycle was significantly associated with the following at the start of treatment: having received at least moderate information about the disease (relative risk (RR) 13.2; 95% CI 7.8–22.3) and the treatment (RR 17.2; 95% CI 9.5–31.4), having the opportunity to communicate with the child's physicians (RR 21.3; 95% CI 11.7–38.8), being satisfied with the physicians conversation style (RR 30.6; 95% CI 14.4–64.9), having the emotional needs met (RR 22.2; 95% CI 11.8–41.9), and being met with care by the child's physicians (RR 32.0; 95% CI 15.2–67.7). After multivariable model selection, the strongest predictor of trust at the time of the third chemotherapy cycle was to be met with care at the start of treatment.ConclusionParents being met with care by the child's physicians at the beginning of the child's chemotherapy treatment develop an increased trust in the medical care. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calibration and Uncertainty Analysis of an Optical Emission Spectrometer Measuring the Absolute Spectral Radiant Exitance of UV Signatures
Authors: Lee Hyungwoo , Oh Changhoon , Hahn Jae W. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAn optical emission spectrometer (OES) was designed and constructed to detect the absolute spectral radiant exitance of UV signatures for a wavelength range of 240 nm to 440 nm. Using a directly heated graphite black body furnace operating at a temperature of 3000 K, the spectral response of the OES in the UV range was calibrated. To evaluate the performance of the OES system, the emission spectra of molecules were measured in a butane flame and the absolute emissions of the UV signatures were calculated. The uncertainty of the absolute measurement of the UV signature was analyzed by considering various uncertainty budgets, and the total uncertainty of the OES was found to be 1.66 %.
A residue in helical conformation in the native state adopts a β‐strand conformation in the folding transition state despite its high and canonical ϕ‐value
Authors: Zarrine‐Afsar Arash , Dahesh Samira , Davidson Alan R. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractDelineating structures of the transition states in protein folding reactions has provided great insight into the mechanisms by which proteins fold. The most common method for obtaining this information is Φ‐value analysis, which is carried out by measuring the changes in the folding and unfolding rates caused by single amino acid substitutions at various positions within a given protein. Canonical Φ‐values range between 0 and 1, and residues displaying high values within this range are interpreted to be important in stabilizing the transition state structure, and to elicit this stabilization through native‐like interactions. Although very successful in defining the general features of transition state structures, Φ‐value analysis can be confounded when non‐native interactions stabilize this state. In addition, direct information on backbone conformation within the transition state is not provided. In the work described here, we have investigated structure formation at a conserved β‐bulge (with helical conformation) in the Fyn SH3 domain by characterizing the effects of substituting all natural amino acids at one position within this structural motif. By comparing the effects on folding rates of these substitutions with database‐derived local structure propensity values, we have determined that this position adopts a non‐native backbone conformation in the folding transition state. This result is surprising because this position displays a high and canonical Φ‐value of 0.7. This work emphasizes the potential role of non‐native conformations in folding pathways and demonstrates that even positions displaying high and canonical Φ‐values may, nevertheless, adopt a non‐native conformation in the transition state. Proteins 2012;. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.