bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of major adverse effects of androgen‐deprivation therapy in men with prostate cancer
Authors: Taylor Lockwood G. , Canfield Steven E. , Du Xianglin L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAndrogen‐deprivation therapy (ADT) is a common treatment for men with prostate cancer. Although ADT is effective at suppressing prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), stabilizing disease, alleviating symptoms in advanced disease, and potentially prolonging survival, it is not without serious side effects. However, to the authors' knowledge, there is lack of a systematic review of its major adverse effects to date. The authors of this report systematically reviewed and quantitatively assessed the literature on skeletal and cardiac side effects associated with ADT in men with prostate cancer. The PubMed database was searched for relevant published articles from 1966 to May 2008, and 683 articles were reviewed systematically from an original 20 different Medical Subject Heading search combinations. The focus of the review was on bone‐related and cardiovascular‐related outcomes. When appropriate, results were pooled from articles on specific adverse outcomes, summary risk estimates were calculated, and tests of heterogeneity were performed. Fourteen articles were identified that met inclusion criteria from the original 683 studies. Men who underwent ADT for prostate cancer had a significantly increased risk of overall fracture of 23% (summary relative risk, 1.23; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.10‐1.38) compared with men who had prostate cancer but who did not undergo ADT. Furthermore, men who underwent ADT had a 17% increase in cardiovascular‐related mortality compared with men who did not undergo with ADT (summary hazards ratio, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.07‐1.29). Significant elevations in the risk of diabetes also were observed from 2 large studies. ADT was associated with an increased risk of skeletal fracture, incident diabetes, and cardiovascular‐related mortality, although the absolute risk of these events was low. Preventive measures against these adverse effects and careful assessment of patient's baseline health status should be considered. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Patterns of care in a population‐based sample of soft tissue sarcoma patients in the United States
Authors: Gadgeel Shirish M. , Harlan Linda C. , Zeruto Christopher A. , Osswald Michael , Schwartz Ann G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are relatively uncommon tumors. Data regarding the patterns of care of patients with STS and its consistency with available guidelines are relatively sparse. The authors conducted a detailed analysis of STS patients diagnosed in 2002 and sampled from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries.METHODS:The authors sampled 1369 patients with invasive sarcomas. Hospital records were reabstracted, and treating physicians were contacted to verify the therapy provided to each patient.RESULTS:The median age of patients was 60 years. There was a slight male predominance among the patients with nongynecologic sarcomas. Fifty percent of the patients had localized stage sarcoma. Most patients received surgery, but negative margins were obtained in only 50% of patients. Complete resection was less frequent in patients ≥50 years old. Radiation therapy was used in 53% of patients with extremity sarcomas but in only 20% to 30% of the patients with sarcomas at other sites. About 27% of all patients received chemotherapy. Tumor grade was significantly associated with the use of radiation and chemotherapy. Surgical resection, tumor grade, tumor size, use of radiation therapy, and age significantly influenced survival.CONCLUSIONS:Patterns of care of STS differ based on the site of the tumor. The patterns of care for extremity sarcomas are fairly consistent with the available recommendations, but the patterns of care for other sites are less consistent. In addition to certain tumor characteristics, age of the patient was significantly associated with therapy and patient outcome. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
A single‐arm, multicenter, open‐label phase 2 study of lapatinib as the second‐line treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic transitional cell carcinoma
Authors: Wülfing Christian , Machiels Jean‐Pascal H. , Richel Dirk J. , Grimm Marc‐Oliver , Treiber Uwe , De Groot Marco R. , Beuzeboc Philippe , Parikh Roma , Pétavy Frank , El‐Hariry Iman A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The treatment of recurrent transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) remains an unmet clinical need. This study assessed lapatinib, a dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and HER‐2, as second‐line therapy in patients with locally advanced or metastatic TCC.METHODS:This was a single‐arm, multicenter, open‐label, prospective phase 2 study. Patients with TCC whose disease progressed on prior platinum‐based chemotherapy received lapatinib until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity, with evaluations for response by Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors criteria performed every 8 weeks. The primary endpoint of the current study was objective tumor response rate. Secondary endpoints included safety, time to disease progression, and overall survival.RESULTS:Fifty‐nine patients were enrolled in the study, 25 of whom (42%) could not be evaluated for response. The primary endpoint of an objective response rate (ORR) >10% was observed in 1.7% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.0%‐9.1%) of patients; however, 18 (31%; 95% CI, 19%‐44%) patients achieved stable disease (SD). The median time to disease progression and overall survival (OS) were 8.6 weeks (95% CI, 8.0 weeks‐11.3 weeks) and 17.9 weeks (95% CI, 13.1 weeks‐30.3 weeks), respectively. Clinical benefit (ORR and SD) was found to be correlated with EGFR overexpression (P = .029), and, to some extent, HER‐2 overexpression. The median OS was significantly prolonged in patients with tumors that overexpressed EGFR and/or HER‐2 (P = .0001). Lapatinib was well tolerated.CONCLUSIONS:The study was considered to be negative because it did not meet its primary endpoint; however, further analysis demonstrated an improvement in OS in a subset of patients with tumors overexpressing EGFR and/or HER‐2, which is encouraging and warrants further investigation. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Special issue on neural repair
Authors: Kordower Jeffrey H. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractCover Illustration: Computer inverted image of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive perikarya and fibers from a human fetal transplant case. The cells are vibrant, healthy, and cross from the graft to the host to provide new dopaminergic innervation to the host striatum. This example of plasticity in the human brain is striking and serves to highlight the types of studies undertaken by the membership of the ASNTR. Photo supplied by Jeffrey H. Kordower. J. Comp. Neurol., Volume 515, Number 1. J. Comp. Neurol. 515, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Local Modulation of the Redox State of p‐Nitrothiophenol Self‐Assembled Monolayers Using the Direct Mode of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy
Authors: Schwamborn Stefanie , Stoica Leonard , Neugebauer Sebastian , Reda Torsten , Schmidt Hanns‐Ludwig , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: April 2009

AbstractLocal redox conversion of nitro end groups of a 4‐nitrothiophenol self‐assembled monolayer on gold is achieved by direct‐mode scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). Potential pulses are applied to the modified gold surface leading to local reduction of nitro end groups to either hydroxylamine (−0.47 V, see picture) or amino groups (−0.6 V) exclusively beneath the positioned SECM tip.magnified imageLocal reduction of the terminating nitro groups of a p‐nitrothiophenol self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) under formation of either hydroxylamine or amino groups is invoked using the direct mode of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). By choosing the appropriate potential and a potential pulse sequence, the reduction of the SAM end groups to the desired oxidation state can be achieved, locally restricted to the area of the sample surface directly underneath the positioned SECM tip. Following the “writing” of redox microstructures within the SAM end groups, the local modification of the redox states is visualized (“reading”) by using the feedback mode of SECM. The current at the Pt tip electrode is determined by the electron‐transfer rate for reoxidation of the redox mediator at the sample surface. Thus, heterogeneities in the SAM surface, which are caused by local differences in the redox state of the end groups, are distinguishable due to the different electron‐transfer rates governed by the redox state of the SAM end groups. To further unequivocally prove the successful local modification of the redox state of the SAM end groups during the writing process, the micropatterned surface is selectively modified with biotin at areas with reduced SAM end groups for further complementary binding of an avidin–enzyme conjugate. Selective post‐functionalization with an avidin–alkaline phosphatase conjugate allows visualization of the microstructure using the generator–collector mode of SECM.
Mono‐ and Multisite Solid Catalysts in Cascade Reactions for Chemical Process Intensification
Authors: Climent Maria J. , Corma Avelino , Iborra Sara 
Published: April 2009

AbstractCatscade reactions: Heterogeneous catalysis can enable sustainability by carrying out multistep reactions in one step. It is shown that single‐ and multisite solid catalysts can be designed to carry out cascade reactions for the synthesis of fine chemicals.magnified image
Controlled Synthesis of Terbium Orthophosphate Spindle‐Like Hierarchical Nanostructures with Improved Photoluminescence
Authors: Bao Jinrong , Yu Ranbo , Zhang Jiayun , Yang Xiaodan , Wang Dan , Deng Jinxia , Chen Jun , Xing Xianran 
Published: April 2009

AbstractNanostructured terbium orthophosphate (TbPO4·H2O) nanostructures with enhanced photoluminescence were prepared through a controlled, simple, and template‐free hydrothermal route. The structures and micromorphologies of the as‐synthesized TbPO4·H2O were investigated by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (TG‐DSC), field‐emission scanning electronic microscopy (FE‐SEM), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that the TbPO4·H2O spindle‐like hierarchical nanostructures are composed of ordered nanorods of 80–90 nm in diameter and lengths of up to 200–300 nm. It was found that the reactant molar ratios and pH values played key roles in the morphology control of the product. A possible formation mechanism for the spindle‐like morphology is also proposed. A photoluminescence study of the products indicated that the self‐assembled spindle‐like nanostructures display better photoluminescence than TbPO4·H2O that was synthesized on both the nano‐ and microscale.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Synthesis of Water‐Soluble Large Naturalised Dyes Through Double Glycoconjugation
Authors: Isaad Jalal , Rolla Massimo , Bianchini Roberto 
Published: April 2009

AbstractRecently we started to develop a new class of dyes based upon the glycoconjugation of disperse dyes with mono‐ or disaccharides. We used the term “naturalised” to describe these dyes because we used natural lactose in the glycoconjugation process, and also because they are similar to real natural dyes, the hydrosolubility of which is based upon the saccharidic moiety attached to the chromophore, as in carminic acid or carthamin. Synthetic dyes submitted to the process of naturalisation consist of small chromophoric molecules, prevalently azoic, whereas larger dye molecules with a higher mass did not show appreciable solubility in water when a single molecule of lactose was added through a bivalent spacer, which is in contrast to the smaller dyes. To overcome this difficulty, herein we present the first approach to the insertion of two lactose units by a double glycoconjugation process. The procedure here presented allows the successful insertion of a spacer, the malonic acid, which can be linked with two lactose units so that even large dyes become soluble.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Bioactive Hydrogel Layers on Microdisk Electrode Arrays: Cyclic Voltammetry Experiments and Simulations
Authors: Justin Gusphyl , Rahman Abdur Rub Abdur , Guiseppi‐Elie Anthony 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPoly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate)‐based hydrogel membranes were applied to microfabricated, microdisk electrode arrays (MDEAs) of 50 μm (5184 disks), 100 μm (1296 disks) and 250 μm (207 disks) (d/r=4; A= 0.1 cm2) and studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in 1.0 mM ferrocene monocarboxylic acid (FcCO2H). The membrane produced an order of magnitude decrease in current densities and a shift to quasi reversibility due to a decrease in the Dappt of FcCO2H, from 4.51×10−6 cm2 s−1 to 1.42×10−8 cm2 s−1, (2.18×10−8 cm2 s−1 from release experiments). The MDEA050 (comprising 50 μm disks) maintained its enhanced current density attributes confirming its value as an effective electrode for biosensors. Finite element modeling (FEM) simulations successfully replicated the voltammograms of the MDEAs.
Cytogenetic analysis of 101 giant cell tumors of bone: Nonrandom patterns of telomeric associations and other structural aberrations
Authors: Gorunova Ludmila , Vult von Steyern Fredrik , Storlazzi Clelia Tiziana , Bjerkehagen Bodil , Follerås Gunnar , Heim Sverre , Mandahl Nils , Mertens Fredrik 
Published: April 2009

AbstractGiant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a benign but locally aggressive tumor with metastatic potential. We performed cytogenetic analysis on 101 GCTB from 92 patients. Karyotypes were obtained from 95 tumors, 47 of which had clonal aberrations. The majority of the cytogenetically abnormal GCTB had multiple, up to 28 per tumor, clones. Clonal telomeric associations (tas) and other structural and numerical changes were found in about 70, 60, and 30%, respectively, of clonally abnormal tumors. Forty‐seven aberrations were recurrent, of which 35 are novel. The vast majority of the recurrent aberrations were tas, confirming the important role of telomeric fusions in the development of GCTB. The frequency of tas in GCTB cultures increased with passaging, suggesting a selective advantage of tas‐positive cells in vitro. The termini most frequently involved in tas were 22p, 13p, 15p, 21p, 14p, 19q, 1q, 12p, 11p, and 20q. The frequency of tas (irrespective of their clonality) was significantly higher in tumors carrying clonal changes, indicating that tas are precursors of other types of aberrations. In line with this assumption, the chromosomes preferentially involved in tas in a given tumor were also the ones most often affected by other rearrangements. We did not find the previously reported amplicon in 20q11.1, assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization in 10 tumors. Nor did we find any association between cytogenetic features and adverse clinical outcome. Thus, local recurrences probably depend more on the adequacy of surgical treatment than on the intrinsic biology of the tumors. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A SNP microarray and FISH‐based procedure to detect allelic imbalances in multiple myeloma: An integrated genomics approach reveals a wide gene dosage effect
Authors: Agnelli Luca , Mosca Laura , Fabris Sonia , Lionetti Marta , Andronache Adrian , Kwee Ivo , Todoerti Katia , Verdelli Donata , Battaglia Cristina , Bertoni Francesco , Deliliers Giorgio Lambertenghi , Neri Antonino 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by marked genomic heterogeneity. Beyond structural rearrangements, a relevant role in its biology is represented by allelic imbalances leading to significant variations in ploidy status. To elucidate better the genomic complexity of MM, we analyzed a panel of 45 patients using combined FISH and microarray approaches. We firstly generated genome‐wide profiles of 41 MMs and four plasma cell leukemias, using a self‐developed procedure to infer exact local copy numbers (CNs) for each sample. Our analysis allowed the identification of a significant fraction of patients showing near‐tetraploidy. Furthermore, a conventional hierarchical clustering analysis showed that near‐tetraploidy, 1q gain, hyperdiploidy, and recursive deletions at 1p and chromosomes 13, 14, and 22 were the main aberrations driving samples grouping. Moreover, mapping information was integrated with gene expression profiles of the tumor samples. A multiclass analysis of transcriptional profiles characterizing the different clusters showed marked gene‐dosage effects, particularly concerning 1q transcripts; this finding was also confirmed by a nonparametric analysis between normalized gene expression levels and local CN variations (1027 highly‐significant correlated genes). Finally, we identified several loci in which gene expression correlated with the occurrence of loss of heterozygosity. Our results provide insights into the composite network linking genome structure and transcriptional features in MM. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss,Inc.
On the use of phylogeny‐based tests to detect association between quantitative traits and haplotypes
Authors: Bardel Claire , Danjean Vincent , Morange Pierre , Génin Emmanuelle , Darlu Pierre 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWith the increasing availability of genetic data, several SNPs in a candidate gene can be combined into haplotypes to test for association with a quantitative trait. When the number of SNPs increases, the number of haplotypes can become very large and there is a need to group them together. The use of the phylogenetic relationships between haplotypes provides a natural and efficient way of grouping. Moreover, it allows us to identify disease or quantitative trait‐related loci. In this article, we describe ALTree‐q, a phylogeny‐based approach to test for association between quantitative traits and haplotypes and to identify putative quantitative trait nucleotides (QTN). This study focuses on ALTree‐q association test which is based on one‐way analyses of variance (ANOVA) performed at the different levels of the tree. The statistical properties (type‐one error and power rates) were estimated through simulations under different genetic models and were compared to another phylogeny‐based test, TreeScan, (Templeton, 2005) and to a haplotypic omnibus test consisting in a one‐way ANOVA between all haplotypes. For dominant and additive models ALTree‐q is usually the most powerful test whereas TreeScan performs better under a recessive model. However, power depends strongly on the recurrence rate of the QTN, on the QTN allele frequency, and on the linkage disequilibrium between the QTN and other markers. An application of the method on Thrombin Activatable Fibronolysis Inhibitor Antigen levels in European and African samples confirms a possible association with polymorphisms of the CPB2 gene and identifies several QTNs. Genet. Epidemiol. 33:729–739, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Malpractice litigation and medical costs in the United States
Authors: Roberts Brandon , Hoch Irving 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship of medical malpractice litigation and medical costs in the United States. We relate medical malpractice settlements to medical costs for 190 metro and non‐metro areas in the United States over a 5‐year period and find that litigation is positively and significantly related to medical costs. Using a panel data set and a fixed‐effects specification, the estimates indicate that malpractice litigation accounts for roughly 2–10% of medical expenditures, with the impact exceeding the dollar amount of settlements. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social health insurance reexamined
Authors: Wagstaff Adam 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSocial health insurance (SHI) is enjoying something of a revival in parts of the developing world. Many countries that have in the past relied largely on tax finance (and out‐of‐pocket payments) have introduced SHI, or are thinking about doing so. And countries with SHI already in place are making vigorous efforts to extend coverage to the informal sector. Ironically, this revival is occurring at a time when the traditional SHI countries in Europe have either already reduced payroll financing in favor of general revenues, or are in the process of doing so. This paper examines how SHI fares in health‐care delivery, revenue collection, covering the formal sector, and its impacts on the labor market. It argues that SHI does not necessarily deliver good quality care at a low cost, partly because of poor regulation of SHI purchasers. It suggests that the costs of collecting revenues can be substantial, even in the formal sector where non‐enrollment and evasion are commonplace, and that while SHI can cover the formal sector and the poor relatively easily, it fares badly in terms of covering the non‐poor informal sector workers until the economy has reached a high level of economic development. The paper also argues that SHI can have negative labor market effects. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal clinical trial design using value of information methods with imperfect implementation
Authors: Willan Andrew R. , Eckermann Simon 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTraditional sample size calculations for randomized clinical trials are based on the tests of hypotheses and depend on somewhat arbitrarily chosen factors, such as type I and II errors rates and the smallest clinically important difference. In response to this, many authors have proposed the use of methods based on the value of information as an alternative. Previous attempts have assumed perfect implementation, i.e. if current evidence favors the new intervention and no new information is sought or expected, all future patients will receive it. A framework is proposed to allow for this assumption to be relaxed. The profound effect that this can have on the optimal sample size and expected net gain is illustrated on two recent examples. In addition, a model for assessing the value of implementation strategies is proposed and illustrated. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accessory nerve function after level 2b–preserving selective neck dissection
Authors: Celik Bilge , Coskun Hakan , Kumas Ferda F. , Irdesel Jale , Zarifoglu Mehmet , Erisen Levent , Onart Selcuk 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackground.The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the relationship between accessory nerve functions and level 2b–preserving selective neck dissection.Methods.Forty‐one necks of 30 patients with laryngeal cancer who underwent unilateral or bilateral level 2b–preserving neck dissections, between February 2003 and July 2005, were evaluated. Neck and shoulder movements and muscle strengths were examined and electroneuromyography (ENMG) was performed preoperatively at the postoperative 21st day and 6th month. Pathological anatomical findings at the postoperative 6th month were also evaluated.Results.All shoulder movements and muscle strengths were preserved. Neck extension, rotation movements, and flexion strengths were restricted. ENMG values were affected moderately in the early postoperative period and improved slightly in the late postoperative period. None of the patients developed shoulder syndrome or adhesive capsulitis.Conclusion.Preserving level 2b during selective neck dissection decreases trauma to the accessory nerve and improves functional results. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009