bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Galactokinase 1 is the source of elevated galactose‐1‐phosphate and cerebrosides are modestly reduced in a mouse model of classic galactosemia
Authors: Mangini Linley , Lawrence Roger , Lopez Manuel E. , Graham Timothy C. , Bauer Christopher R. , Nguyen Hang , Su Cheng , Ramphal John , Crawford Brett E. , Hartl Tom A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractClassic galactosemia (CG) arises from loss‐of‐function mutations in the Galt gene, which codes for the enzyme galactose‐1‐phosphate uridylyltransferase (GALT), a central component in galactose metabolism. The neonatal fatality associated with CG can be prevented by galactose dietary restriction, but for decades it has been known that limiting galactose intake is not a cure and patients often have lasting complications. Even on a low‐galactose diet, GALT's substrate galactose‐1‐phosphate (Gal1P) is elevated and one hypothesis is that elevated Gal1P is a driver of pathology. Here we show that Gal1P levels were elevated above wildtype (WT) in Galt mutant mice, while mice doubly mutant for Galt and the gene encoding galactokinase 1 (Galk1) had normal Gal1P levels. This indicates that GALK1 is necessary for the elevated Gal1P in CG. Another hypothesis to explain the pathology is that an inability to metabolize galactose leads to diminished or disrupted galactosylation of proteins or lipids. Our studies reveal that levels of a subset of cerebrosides—galactosylceramide 24:1, sulfatide 24:1, and glucosylceramide 24:1—were modestly decreased compared to WT. In contrast, gangliosides were unaltered. The observed reduction in these 24:1 cerebrosides may be relevant to the clinical pathology of CG, since the cerebroside galactosylceramide is an important structural component of myelin, the 24:1 species is the most abundant in myelin, and irregularities in white matter, of which myelin is a constituent, have been observed in patients with CG. Therefore, impaired cerebroside production may be a contributing factor to the brain damage that is a common clinical feature of the human disease.
Free‐breathing, fat‐corrected T1 mapping of the liver with stack‐of‐stars MRI, and joint estimation of T1, PDFF, R2*, and B1+
Authors: Muslu Yavuz , Tamada Daiki , Roberts Nathan T. , Cashen Ty A. , Mandava Sagar , Kecskemeti Steven R. , Hernando Diego , Reeder Scott B. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeQuantitative T1 mapping has the potential to replace biopsy for noninvasive diagnosis and quantitative staging of chronic liver disease. Conventional T1 mapping methods are confounded by fat and inhomogeneities, resulting in unreliable T1 estimations. Furthermore, these methods trade off spatial resolution and volumetric coverage for shorter acquisitions with only a few images obtained within a breath‐hold. This work proposes a novel, volumetric (3D), free‐breathing T1 mapping method to account for multiple confounding factors in a single acquisition.Theory and MethodsFree‐breathing, confounder‐corrected T1 mapping was achieved through the combination of non‐Cartesian imaging, magnetization preparation, chemical shift encoding, and a variable flip angle acquisition. A subspace‐constrained, locally low‐rank image reconstruction algorithm was employed for image reconstruction. The accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated through numerical simulations and phantom experiments with a T1/proton density fat fraction phantom at 3.0 T. Further, the feasibility of the proposed method was investigated through contrast‐enhanced imaging in healthy volunteers, also at 3.0 T.ResultsThe method showed excellent agreement with reference measurements in phantoms across a wide range of T1 values (200 to 1000 ms, slope = 0.998 (95% confidence interval (CI) [0.963 to 1.035]), intercept = 27.1 ms (95% CI [0.4 54.6]), r2 = 0.996), and a high level of repeatability. In vivo imaging studies demonstrated moderate agreement (slope = 1.099 (95% CI [1.067 to 1.132]), intercept = −96.3 ms (95% CI [−82.1 to −110.5]), r2 = 0.981) compared to saturation recovery‐based T1 maps.ConclusionThe proposed method produces whole‐liver, confounder‐corrected T1 maps through simultaneous estimation of T1, proton density fat fraction, and in a single, free‐breathing acquisition and has excellent agreement with reference measurements in phantoms.
Longitudinal associations between capacity to be alone, life satisfaction, self‐compassion, anxiety, and depression among Chinese college students
Authors: Tang Qihui , Zou Xinyuan , Wang Shujian , Zhang Liang , Liu Xiangping , Shi Congying , Tao Yanqiang , Li Yuting 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAlthough the world has entered the post‐pandemic period, the mental health and life satisfaction of college students still need to be addressed. However, previous literature has primarily focused on negative variables and has paid little attention to positive variables, such as self‐compassion and the capacity to be alone. Therefore, this longitudinal study aims to investigate the relationships between the capacity to be alone, self‐compassion, life satisfaction, depression, and anxiety among college students. This study analyzed data from 1460 Chinese college students who completed an online survey at two time‐points one year apart. We employed cross‐lagged analysis and constructed longitudinal mediation models to explore the relationships between five variables (i.e., capacity to be alone, self‐compassion, life satisfaction, depression, and anxiety). Our findings indicate that depression and life satisfaction could negatively predict each other over time. Self‐compassion in wave 1 could negatively predict depression and anxiety in wave 2. Higher life satisfaction in wave 1 was associated with a lower capacity to be alone in wave 2. We also found reciprocal positive predictive relationships between depression and anxiety, and life satisfaction and self‐compassion. Life satisfaction mediated the relationship between self‐compassion and psychopathological variables (i.e., depression and anxiety). Additionally, self‐compassion mediated the association between life satisfaction and psychopathological variables and the association between capacity to be alone and psychopathological variables. Our study highlights the significance of early identification and intervention in depression and anxiety. We also discovered the possible self‐soothing function of self‐compassion as well as the importance of fostering positive personal characteristics.
DFT insight on stability, optoelectronic, and thermoelectric features of Na3XO (X = Cu, Ag) anti‐perovskites: Promising materials for sustainable energy applications
Authors: Al‐Anazy Murefah Mana , Ayyaz Ahmad , Murtaza G. , Alshihri Abdulaziz A. , Usman Ahmad 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe structural stability, elastic, optoelectronic, and thermoelectric characteristics of anti‐perovskites Na3XO (X = Cu, Ag) have been studied using density functional theory (DFT). The computed formation energy suggests these materials' potential synthesis and thermal stability. The structural and elastic properties of Na3CuO and Na3AgO anti‐perovskite compounds were analyzed using the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (GGA‐PBE) generalized gradient potential approximation. The electronic and thermoelectric properties are calculated using the TB‐mBJ approximation. The materials are identified as direct narrow band gap semiconductors with band gaps of 0.65 and 0.43 eV. The analysis of two‐dimensional charge density contours indicates that Na3CuO and Na3AgO have a mixed bonding character, as validated by the investigation of electron charge density. We analyzed the optical properties of Na3CuO and Na3AgO, including dielectric function, refractive index, absorbance, optical reflectivity, and energy loss, using photon energy up to 6 eV. The investigated thermoelectric characteristics demonstrate figure of merit (ZT) values of 0.58 and 0.56 at room temperature. Consequently, the analyzed anti‐perovskites might address waste heat management requirements and sustainable energy solutions.
Can farmer organization membership improve household food security and nutrition? Evidence from Northern Ghana
Authors: Addai Kwabena Nyarko , Ng'ombe John N. , Temoso Omphile 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe examine the impact of farmer organization (FO) membership on food and nutrition security among rural rice farmers, using cross‐sectional data from a household survey from Ghana. We employ an endogenous switching regression (ESR) model to account for selection bias from observed and unobserved factors. Our findings show that participation in FOs significantly increases household dietary diversity by 10.56% and reduces food insecurity by 9.7%. The residualized quantile regression model results are consistent with the ESR model across both outcome variables. Policymakers should consider promoting FO membership as a strategy to enhance food and nutrition security among smallholders in developing countries.
Outcomes of penetrating carotid artery injuries: A South African multicentre study
Authors: Madsen Andre Steiner , Kruger Deirdre , Clarke Damian Luiz , Navsaria Pradeep , Scriba Matthias , Bekker Wanda , Moeng Maeyane Steve 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis multicenter study examines the contemporary management of penetrating carotid artery injury (PCAI) to identify trends in management, outcomes, and to determine prognostic factors for stroke and death.MethodsData from three large urban trauma centers in South Africa were retrospectively reviewed for patients who presented with PCAI from 2012 to 2020.ResultsOf 149 identified patients, 137 actively managed patients were included. Twenty‐four patients (17.9%) presented in coma and 12 (9.0%) with localizing signs (LS). CT angiography was performed on admission for 120 (87.6%) patients. Thirty patients (21.9%) underwent nonoperative management, 87 (63.5%) open surgery, and 20 (14.6%) endovascular stenting. Eighteen patients (13.1%) died, and 15 (12.6%) surviving patients had strokes. Ligation was significantly related to death and reperfusion to survival. A mechanism of gunshot wound, occlusive injuries, a threatened airway, a systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg, hard signs of vascular injury, a low GCS, coma, a CT brain demonstrating infarct, a high injury severity score and shock index, a low pH or HCO3, and an elevated lactate were significant independent prognostic factors for death. Ligation was unsurvivable in all patients with severe neurological deficits, whereas reperfusion procedures resulted in survival in 63% (12/19) patients with coma and 78% (7/9) with LS although with high stroke rates (coma: 25.0%, LS: 85.7%).ConclusionsOutcomes in PCAI, including patients with severe neurological deficit and stroke, are better when reperfused. Reperfusion holds the best promise of survival and ligation should be reserved for technically inaccessible bleeding injuries.
The four misses of agricultural water husbandry in the Maghreb
Authors: Tahiri Adel Zeggaf 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecurrent droughts plaguing the Maghreb geography have impacted dramatically on the yet scarce renewable water resources. This situation intensified tensions between water users, namely urban, industrial and agricultural sectors. At this point, agricultural water management in large‐scale irrigated schemes is under scrutiny since more than two‐thirds of the Maghreb mobilized water resources are used for agricultural purposes. However, this sector's performance is undermined by mismanagement, misuse, mispricing and misgovernance of agricultural water. From low irrigation water transport efficiencies, low water use efficiency at field level and low valuation of irrigation water by farmers, to nonreasoned pricing policies and lack of good governance, agricultural water husbandry is suffering a number of setbacks. This situation endangers the sustainable development of large‐scale irrigation schemes and could deprive Maghreb countries of the contribution of irrigated agriculture to countries' GDP and food security. These constraints were thoroughly analyzed, and a set of remedies was discussed that included restoration of water transport canals and water distribution networks, improvement of cropping systems, crop water use efficiency, extension services, reasoned subsidies and irrigation water pricing. Only by redirecting water husbandry in the large‐scale irrigation schemes, Maghreb countries can achieve sustainable development.
Social Network Analysis: A Primer, a Guide and a Tutorial in R
Authors: Saqr Mohammed , López-Pernas Sonsoles , Conde-González Miguel Ángel , Hernández-García Ángel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis chapter introduces the concept and methods of social network analysis (SNA) with a detailed guide to analysis with real world data using the R programming language. The chapter first introduces the basic concepts and types of networks. Then the chapter goes through a detailed step by step analysis of networks, computation of graph level measures as well as centralities with a concise interpretation in a collaborative environment. The chapter concludes with a discussion of network analysis, next steps as well as a list of further readings.
Temporal Network Analysis: Introduction, Methods and Analysis with R
Authors: Saqr Mohammed 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLearning involves relations, interactions and connections between learners, teachers and the world at large. Such interactions are essentially temporal and unfold in time. Yet, researchers have rarely combined the two aspects (the temporal and relational aspects) in an analytics framework. Temporal networks allow modeling of the temporal learning processes i.e., the emergence and flow of activities, communities, and social processes through fine-grained dynamic analysis. This can provide insights into phenomena like knowledge co-construction, information flow, and relationship building. This chapter introduces the basic concepts of temporal networks, their types and techniques. A detailed guide of temporal network analysis is introduced in this chapter, that starts with building the network, visualization, mathematical analysis on the node and graph level. The analysis is performed with a real-world dataset. The discussion chapter offers some extra resources for interested users who want to expand their knowledge of the technique.
A Broad Collection of Datasets for Educational Research Training and Application
Authors: López-Pernas Sonsoles , Saqr Mohammed , Conde Javier , Del-Río-Carazo Laura 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, we present the main types of data that are used in learning analytics research. Learning analytics has grown to encompass the digital trails left by online learning technologies—clicks, events, and interactions—, sensor data and self-reports among others. We present a collection of curated real-life open datasets that represent the most common types of educational data. The datasets have been collected from diverse sources such as learning management systems, online forums, and surveys. These datasets are used throughout the book to illustrate methods of analysis such as sequence analysis, social network analysis, Markov models, predictive analytics and structure equation modeling, to mention a few. Each data set in the chapter is presented with its context, main properties, links to the original source, as well as a brief exploratory data analysis.
Why Educational Research Needs a Complex System Revolution that Embraces Individual Differences, Heterogeneity, and Uncertainty
Authors: Saqr Mohammed , Schreuder Marieke J. , López-Pernas Sonsoles 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhereas the field of learning analytics has matured, several methodological and theoretical issues remain unresolved. In this chapter, we discuss the potentials of complex systems as an overarching paradigm for understanding the learning process, learners and the learning environments and how they influence learning. We show how using complex system methodologies opens doors for new possibilities that may contribute new knowledge and solve some of the unresolved problems in learning analytics. Furthermore, we unpack the importance of individual differences in advancing the field bringing a much-needed theoretical perspective that could help offer answers to some of our pressing issues.
Influence of donor age and donor-recipient age difference on intimal hyperplasia in pediatric patients with young and adult donors vs. adult patients after heart transplantation
Authors: Ulrich Sarah , Arnold Leonie , Michel Sebastian , Tengler Anja , Rosenthal Laura , Hausleiter Jörg , Mueller Christoph S. , Schnabel Brigitte , Stark Konstantin , Rizas Konstantinos , Grabmaier Ulrich , Mehilli Julinda , Jakob Andre , Fischer Marcus , Birnbaum Julia , Hagl Christian , Massberg Steffen , Haas Nikolaus , Pozza Robert Dalla , Orban Madeleine 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Aim
Optimal selection and allocation of donor hearts is a relevant aspect in transplantation medicine. Donor age and cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) affect post-transplant mortality. To what extent donor age impacts intimal hyperplasia (CAVIH) in pediatric and adult patients after heart transplantation (HTx) is understudied.

Methods
In a cohort of 98 HTx patients, 58 pediatric (24.1% with adult donors) and 40 adult patients, we assessed the effect of donor age and donor-recipient age difference (D-R) on the continuous parameter of maximal intima thickness (mIT) in optical coherence tomography. We evaluated their predictive value regarding higher mIT and the prevalence of CAVIH, defined as mIT > 0.3 mm, and compared it to established CAV risk factors.

Results
In the overall population, donor age correlated with mIT (p < 0.001), while in the pediatric subpopulation, both donor age and D-R correlated with mIT (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). In the overall population, donor age was a main predictor of higher mIT and CAVIH (p = 0.001 and p = 0.01, respectively) in addition to post-transplant interval, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidemia. In the pediatric patients, dyslipidemia remained a main predictor of both higher mIT and CAVIH (p = 0.004 and p = 0.040, respectively), while donor age and D-R were not.

Conclusion
While there was an effect of the non-modifiable parameter of donor age regarding maximal intimal thickness, a stronger association was seen between the modifiable risk factor dyslipidemia and higher maximal intimal thickness and CAVIH in both the overall population and the pediatric subpopulation.
Optimal policing with (and without) criminal search
Authors: Gao Carol , Vásquez Jorge 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe develop a search-theoretic model, in which a police agency allocates scarce resources across neighborhoods—heterogeneous in “vigilance” and valuables—to minimize crime, while potential criminals decide whether, and if so, when and where to commit a crime. When criminals sequentially search for the best target, the optimal police allocation depends on the difference in vigilance levels across neighborhoods, prioritizing neighborhoods with low vigilance. However, in the absence of criminal search, the optimal allocation depends on the degree of rent inequality among neighborhoods, with a priority placed on neighborhoods with higher rents. We also identify conditions under which policing all neighborhoods equally is optimal. Our findings underscore that an optimal policing design must not only consider neighborhood characteristics but also other factors that may impact criminals’ decision-making, including whether they engage in active search.
Changes in physicochemical parameters of the alpine/mountain stream influenced by summer flash flood in Tatra Mountains (Western Carpathians)
Authors: Solár Jaroslav , Pitoňáková Tatiana , Pogányová Andrea 
Published: June 2024

AbstracttaChanges to the physicochemical parameters of water in alpine/mountain streams can provide evidence of ongoing natural and anthropogenic processes in their catchment. In this study, we analysed a mountain stream (Javorinka) on the north-eastern side of the Tatra Mountains (Western Carpathians), which is minimally influenced by human activity. The stream was monitored weekly for 5 years (2017–2021) and evaluated for its seasonal variations in physicochemical parameters. These seasonal variations were influenced by the large summer flash flood in July 2018. We hypothesise that floods are essential for the oligotrophic profile of alpine/mountain streams. To support this idea, our main objective was to compare the seasonal trends of the main physicochemical parameters in the stream before and after floods or periods of high flow. We found evidence to support our hypothesis. For example, there was a significant decrease in the chemical consumption of oxygen and ammonia, and, conversely, an increase in the ratio of saturated oxygen and nitrate concentrations. Stream bed erosion also resulted in increased phosphates (over the next 2 years) and high enrichment of the water by dissolved solids in the spring. Interestingly outside of the main objectives, we observed a significant decrease in sulphates, especially in the summer and autumn of 2020 and 2021, which may be related to suppressed emissions due to the restriction of the COVID-19 lockdown. The observed trends and their changes therefore support the idea that alpine/mountain streams are excellent indicators of ongoing environmental processes, and that occasional summer flash floods support the oligotrophic profile of the stream system.
Positive Childhood Experiences and Spiritual Well-Being: Psychological Flexibility and Meaning-Based Coping as Mediators in Turkish Sample
Authors: Maral Sibel , Bilmez Huzeyfe , Satici Seydi Ahmet 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSpiritual well-being enhances life quality, acts as a stress reliever, and mitigates unfavorable feelings. It helps individuals find meaning and purpose, increasing inner peace and happiness while improving stress management and overall well-being. This study examined whether positive childhood experiences are linked to spiritual well-being and if psychological flexibility and meaning-based coping serve as mediators. The sample included 1061 participants (Mage = 39.38; SD = 8.82) from various Turkish cities. Structural equation modeling assessed relationships between spiritual well-being, positive childhood experiences, psychological flexibility, and meaning-based coping. Results showed that positive childhood experiences directly enhance spiritual well-being, mediated by psychological flexibility and meaning-based coping. This underscores the significance of fostering positive childhood experiences to promote spiritual well-being and coping mechanisms.
Strategy investments in zero-sum games
Authors: Garcia Raul , Hosseinian Seyedmohammadhossein , Pai Mallesh , Schaefer Andrew J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe propose an extension of two-player zero-sum games, where one player may select available actions for themselves and the opponent, subject to a budget constraint. We present a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) formulation for the problem, provide analytical results regarding its solution, and discuss applications in the security and advertising domains. Our computational experiments demonstrate that heuristic approaches, on average, yield suboptimal solutions with at least a 20% relative gap with those obtained by the MILP formulation.