bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silicon Analogues of the RXR‐Selective Retinoid Agonist SR11237 (BMS649): Chemistry and Biology
Authors: Lippert W. Peter , Burschka Christian , Götz Kathrin , Kaupp Martin , Ivanova Diana , Gaudon Claudine , Sato Yoshiteru , Antony Pierre , Rochel Natacha , Moras Dino , Gronemeyer Hinrich , Tacke Reinhold 
Published: June 2009

AbstractC/Si switch: Twofold sila‐substitution (C/Si exchange) in the RXR‐selective retinoids 4 a (SR11237) and 5 a leads to 4 b (disila‐SR11237) and 5 b, respectively. Chemistry and biology of the C/Si pairs are reported.magnified imageSR11237 (BMS649, 4 a) is a pan‐RXR‐selective retinoid agonist. Its silicon analogue, disila‐SR11237 (4 b; twofold C/Si exchange), was prepared in a multistep synthesis by starting from 1,2‐bis(ethynyldimethylsilyl)ethane. In addition, the related C/Si analogues 5 a and 5 b, with an indane (disila‐indane) instead of a tetraline (disila‐tetraline) skeleton, were synthesized. The C/Si pairs 4 a/4 b and 5 a/5 b were studied for their interaction with retinoid receptors and were demonstrated to be highly potent RXR‐selective (“rexinoid”) agonists. Interestingly, twofold C/Si exchange in the indane moiety of 5 a resulted in a 10‐fold increase in biological activity of the corresponding silicon‐containing rexinoid 5 b, possibly resulting from an increased receptor affinity or a divergent allosteric effect on co‐regulator‐binding surfaces. The crystal structures of the ternary complexes formed by 5 a and 5 b, respectively, with the ligand‐binding domain of hRXRα and a peptide of the co‐activator TIF2/GRIP1 revealed additional interactions of the disila analogue 5 b with the H7 and H11 residues, supporting the first option of increased binding affinity. This is the first demonstration of an increase in binding affinity of a ligand to a nuclear receptor by C/Si replacement, thereby adding this C/Si switch strategy to the repertoire of nuclear receptor ligand design.
Eigenvalues of the adjacency and Laplacian matrices for modified regular structural models
Authors: Kaveh A. , Rahami H. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe graph model of many space structures and finite element models can be formed using graph products. These structures are known asregularstructures. Methods for calculating the eigenvalues of the matrices corresponding to these models are already investigated. In practice for some structural models the addition of some nodes and members to the graph product is required. When such a node and the incident members are added to a regular model, it becomes amodified regularstructure. In this paper the eigenproblem of the matrices corresponding to these models is studied. The necessary formulations are derived and examples are presented to illustrate the practical value of the presented approach. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Circulating insulin antibodies: influence of continuous subcutaneous or intraperitoneal insulin infusion, and impact on glucose control
Authors: Radermecker R. P. , Renard E. , Scheen A. J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe purification of animal insulin preparations and the use of human recombinant insulin have markedly reduced the incidence, but not completely suppressed, the development of anti‐insulin antibodies (IAs). Advances in technologies concerning the mode of delivery of insulin, i.e. continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), continuous peritoneal insulin infusion (CPII) and more recently inhaled insulin administration, appear to significantly increase circulating levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti‐IAs in diabetic patients. However, the increase is usually moderate and mostly transient as compared to previous observations with poorly purified animal insulin preparations. The clinical impact of these circulating anti‐IAs remains unclear. Nevertheless, several studies have suggested that antibodies could retard insulin action, leading to a worsening of postprandial hyperglycaemia and/or serve as a carrier, thus leading to unexpected hypoglycaemia. CPII may be associated with more marked and sustained increase in IAs levels, possibly related to the use of an unstable insulin and the formation of immunogenic aggregates of insulin. The possible clinical consequences of these high levels of IAs remain to be evaluated because a low‐glucose morning syndrome or severe insulin resistance with ketone bodies production have been reported in some cases. In conclusion, even if CSII and CPII may promote the development of circulating IAs, this increase does not lead to immunological insulin resistance, compared to that previously described with animal non‐purified insulin preparations, and seems to have only marginal influence on blood glucose control or complications in most diabetic patients. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oral glucose tolerance test in Italian overweight/obese children and adolescents results in a very high prevalence of impaired fasting glycaemia, but not of diabetes
Authors: Cambuli Valentina M. , Incani Michela , Pilia Sabrina , Congiu Tiziana , Cavallo M. Gisella , Cossu Efisio , Sentinelli Federica , Mariotti Stefano , Loche Sandro , Baroni Marco G. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackgroundVery few studies on glucose abnormalities in European overweight/obese children and adolescents are available, and scientific evidence on the value of standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in childhood is lacking. We therefore aimed to establish prevalence and features of impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a large cohort of Italian overweight/obese children and adolescents and to assess the validity of standard OGTT in the paediatric population.MethodsThis is a 1‐year observational study conducted on 736 (535 overweight/obese and 201 normal weight) consecutive paediatric patients attending the outpatient clinic of Paediatric Endocrine Unit. Clinical and biochemical parameters were collected for all participants. All overweight/obese subjects underwent OGTT.ResultsWe observed a high prevalence of IFG (7.66%), more than twice that observed in other European children, but a low prevalence of IGT (3.18%) and T2D (0.18%). IFG was useless to predict IGT, having very low predictive value (7.3%) and sensitivity (17.6%). Compared to normal weight children, overweight/obese subjects showed significant differences in most metabolic and clinical parameters. In the overweight/obese group, having hyperglycaemia was associated to significantly higher blood pressure, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, insulin and triglycerides.ConclusionsIn our children, the prevalence of IFG is higher than that reported in other European cohorts, whereas T2D is rare. IFG appears not useful to detect IGT in childhood. Paediatric diagnostic cut‐points, glucose load and timing of sampling need to be further validated to define glucose abnormalities in obese children that, compared with normal weight subjects, already are characterised by a different metabolic phenotype. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐Density Magnetite Nanoparticles Located in Carbon Hollow Microspheres with Good Dispersibility and Durability: Their One‐Pot Preparation and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Zheng Rongbo , Meng Xianwei , Tang Fangqiong 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe report, for the first time, a one‐step, rapid, template‐free and continuous strategy for synthesising high‐density magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles located in carbon hollow microspheres (MCHMs) in which Fe3O4 nanoparticles (8–20 nm) are randomly dispersed in the shells of carbon hollow microspheres. The synthesis is achieved through ultrasonic spray pyrolysis of aqueous solutions containing ferrous chloride and citric acid. Interestingly, it was found that there are some pores (2–6 nm) in the carbon shell. Magnetic hysteresis loop measurements show that the saturation magnetisation of MCHMs is as high as 48.2 emu g−1 which probably makes them more pliable to manipulation by the external magnetic field. Most importantly, because of the presence of carbon on their surfaces, MCHMs not only exhibit good resistance to acid but can also be easily dispersed in both polar and nonpolar solvents. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Retraction: Detailed Mössbauer Characterization of Fe2+Fur, the Active Form of the Ferric Uptake Regulation Protein from E. coli and Density Functional Calculations on Some Related Models
Authors: Horner Olivier , Oddou Jean‐Louis , Jeandey Claudine , Michaud‐Soret Isabelle , Mouesca Jean‐Marie 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe Fe2+ center of iron‐substituted ferric uptake regulation protein (Fur) has been fully characterized by applied‐field Mössbauer spectroscopy, and two structural models for this center in Fur from E. coli (EC‐Fe2+Fur) have been developed by combining the crystallographic data available for Fur from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA‐Fur) in complex with Zn2+ and the EXAFS data for a PA‐Fur sample dialyzed against a Fe2+ solution or EC‐Fur in complex with Fe2+. The Mössbauer (isomer shift excluded) and spin‐Hamiltonian parameters have been estimated by density functional calculations for these models and compared to the experimental data. The geometry and the environment of the iron‐binding center in EC‐Fur and PA‐Fur are found to be similar, and the comparison of the observed and calculated quadrupole splitting values indicates that the model with a (3O,2N,1O) coordination (ΔEQ > 0) is a better representation of the environment around the iron center in EC‐Fe2+Fur.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)The article “Detailed Mössbauer Characterization of Fe2+Fur, the Active Form of the Ferric Uptake Regulation Protein from E. coli and Density Functional Calculations on Some Related Models” by Olivier Horner, Jean‐Louis Oddou, Claudine Jeandey, Isabelle Michaud‐Soret, Jean‐Marie Mouesca, published online on June 3, 2009 in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com, 10.1002/ejic.200900091) and in print (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2009, 2959–2966), has been retracted (October 6, 2009) by the journal editor‐in‐chief, Dr Karen Hindson, and Wiley‐VCH, in accordance with the “EUCheMS Ethical Guidelines for Publication in Journals and Reviews” adhered to by the journal (EUCheMS Ethical Guidelines for Publication in Journals and Reviews, 2006, http://www.euchems.org/Publications/index.asp), due to lack of agreement among the authors regarding its publication.
Exceptional Coordination Mode of Unsaturated PNP Ligands (Me3Si)2C=PN(R)PPh2 with Palladium and Platinum Dichlorides: Insertion of Phosphaalkene Phosphorus Atoms into Metal–Chlorine Bonds
Authors: Lungu Daniela , Daniliuc Constantin , Jones Peter G. , Nyulászi László , Benkõ Zoltán , Bartsch Rainer , du Mont Wolf‐W. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractUnique molecular bis‐chelate complexes M[(Me3Si)2C=P(Cl)N(1‐Ada)PPh2]2 (1‐Ada = 1‐adamantyl; 3: M = Pt; 4: M = Pd) were isolated as crystalline solids from solutions that contain mixtures of products from reactions of the metal dichlorides with the P‐phosphanylaminophosphaalkene (Me3Si)2C=PN(1‐Ada)PPh2 (1). Attachment of chloride ions to PdII‐ and PtII‐coordinated 1 leads to the novel anionic (alkylidene)(chlorido)(phosphanylamino)phosphanido ligand [(Me3Si)2C=P(Cl)N(1‐Ada)PPh2]–, which contains a stereogenic phosphorus atom. With PdCl2(COD), only the centrosymmetric (R,S) isomer 4a was isolated, whereas three of the four possible isomeric platinum complexes Pt[(Me3Si)2C=P(Cl)N(1‐Ada)PPh2]2 (3a–3c) were investigated crystallographically. DFT calculations on model compounds indicate that the enhanced electrophilicity of the chelating phosphaalkene ligand 1 leads to chlorine migration from the metals to the phosphaalkene phosphorus atom.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
New Aryloxy and Benzyloxy Derivatives of Titanium as Catalysts for Bulk Ring‐Opening Polymerization of ϵ‐Caprolactone and δ‐Valerolactone
Authors: Gowda Ravikumar R. , Chakraborty Debashis , Ramkumar Venkatachalam 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA variety of aryloxy compounds and benzyloxy derivatives of TiIV were synthesized from Ti(iPrO)4 using the alcoholysis route. These compounds were characterized using various analytical methods and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Multinuclear NMR studies prove high degree of fluxional behavior of these compounds in solution. They adopt a dimeric structure in the solid state as seen from X‐ray diffraction studies on a few of them. These compounds are powerful catalysts for the ring‐opening polymerization of ϵ‐caprolactone (CL) and δ‐valerolactone (VL) resulting in high polymers with good number average molecular weights (Mn). Significant control can be achieved by performing such polymerizations in the presence of benzyl alcohol (BnOH). This is reflected by higher Mn and much narrower molecular weight distributions (MWDs) of the resulting polymers. Kinetic studies reveal that the rates of such polymerizations are much higher in the presence of BnOH. 1H NMR and MALDI‐TOF studies of low molecular weight oligomers suggest that these polymerizations proceed by the activated monomer mechanism in the presence of BnOH. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Controlling the Helicity of Hydroxyquinoline Metal Complexes Based on a Macrocyclic Peptide Scaffold
Authors: Ziegler Eva , Haberhauer Gebhard 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA straightforward synthesis of a C3‐symmetric imidazole‐containing macrocyclic peptide with three hydroxyquinoline side arms is presented. Complex formation with various metal ions (Al3+, Ga3+, Fe3+, La3+ and Y3+) was investigated by spectrophotometric methods. CD spectroscopy revealed a highly diastereoselective binding of these ions at room temperature. In the case of Al3+, Ga3+ and La3+ complexes, Job plot analyses gave evidence of pure 1:1 stoichiometry. Ab initio calculations for the Al3+ and Ga3+ complexes showed that the Λ isomers are considerably stabilized relative to the Δ isomers. Furthermore, the calculated CD spectra for the Al3+ complexes confirm the formation of the Λ isomers in solution. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
The impact of magnitude of harm and perceived difficulty of making reparations on group‐based guilt and reparation towards victims of historical harm
Authors: Berndsen Mariëtte , McGarty Craig 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe present research investigates how reading stories about past mistreatment of children who had been in institutional care affects support for reparations, perceived difficulty of reparations and group‐based guilt were investigated in two experiments. In Study 1 we showed that, when the stories increased in perceived harm, so did the perceived difficulty of making reparations whereas group‐based guilt decreased. Furthermore, both perceived difficulty of making reparations and group‐based guilt predicted support for reparation. It was suggested that these findings were due to a natural confound between the severity of harm and the difficulty of reparations. Study 2 included a direct manipulation of perceived difficulty that was intended to weaken or strengthen the ability to make reparations. This study demonstrated stronger group‐based guilt when reparations were potentially possible and not when they are impossible. Moreover, support for reparations varied as a function of perceived difficulty of reparations and group‐based guilt mediated that relationship. The research has two key implications. First, advocates of reparations as a mechanism for reconciliation and community healing need to consider the degree to which reparations are perceived to be possible and consider ways of addressing those perceptions. Second, the research provides an experimental demonstration to the power of stories about experience to bolster support for social change. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
We are still better than them: A longitudinal field study of ingroup favouritism during a merger
Authors: Gleibs Ilka H. , Noack Peter , Mummendey Amelie 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe authors examine the impact of predictors for ingroup favouritism and a positive attitude towards a university merger by conducting a longitudinal field study investigating students' perceptions of a merger. Thus, the focus of this paper lies on the developmental and dynamic aspect of social identity processes and the test of directional hypotheses in an applied setting. Based on a cross‐lagged regression approach, it was shown that pre‐merger identification increased favouritism, but favouritism also increased pre‐merger identification. Moreover, ingroup favouritism was uni‐directionally related to a negative attitude towards the merger. Contact with the merger partner revealed lagged effects on ingroup favouritism. These results confirm that issues of identity change and compatibility are crucial aspects in understanding merger adjustment and support. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Free convection of a dusty‐gas flow along a semi‐infinite vertical cylinder
Authors: Palani G. , Kim Kwang‐Yong 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAn analysis is performed to study the free convection of a dusty‐gas flow along a semi‐infinite isothermal vertical cylinder. The governing equations of the flow problem are transformed into non‐dimensional form and the resulting nonlinear, coupled parabolic partial differential equations have been solved numerically using an implicit finite difference scheme of Crank–Nicholson type. The flow variables such as gas–velocity, dust‐particle velocity and temperature, shearing stress and heat transfer coefficients are calculated numerically for various parameters occurring in the problem. It is observed that due to the presence of dust particles, the gas velocity is found to decrease. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bayesian mixture modeling of gene‐environment and gene‐gene interactions
Authors: Wakefield Jon , De Vocht, Frank , Hung Rayjean J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWith the advent of rapid and relatively cheap genotyping technologies there is now the opportunity to attempt to identify gene‐environment and gene‐gene interactions when the number of genes and environmental factors is potentially large. Unfortunately the dimensionality of the parameter space leads to a computational explosion in the number of possible interactions that may be investigated. The full model that includes all interactions and main effects can be unstable, with wide confidence intervals arising from the large number of estimated parameters. We describe a hierarchical mixture model that allows all interactions to be investigated simultaneously, but assumes the effects come from a mixture prior with two components, one that reflects small null effects and the second for epidemiologically significant effects. Effects from the former are effectively set to zero, hence increasing the power for the detection of real signals. The prior framework is very flexible, which allows substantive information to be incorporated into the analysis. We illustrate the methods first using simulation, and then on data from a case‐control study of lung cancer in Central and Eastern Europe. Genet. Epidemiol. 34:16–25, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prostate cancer segregation analyses using 4390 families from UK and Australian population‐based studies
Authors: MacInnis Robert J. , Antoniou Antonis C. , Eeles Rosalind A. , Severi Gianluca , Guy Michelle , McGuffog Lesley , Hall Amanda L. , O'Brien Lynne T. , Wilkinson Rosemary A. , Dearnaley David P. , Ardern‐Jones Audrey T. , Horwich Alan , Khoo Vincent S. , Parker Christopher C. , Huddart Robert A. , McCredie Margaret R. , Smith Charmaine , Southey Melissa C. , Staples Margaret P. , English Dallas R. , Hopper John L. , Giles Graham G. , Easton Douglas F. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractFamilial aggregation of prostate cancer is likely to be due to multiple susceptibility loci, perhaps acting in conjunction with shared lifestyle risk factors. Models that assume a single mode of inheritance may be unrealistic. We analyzed genetic models of susceptibility to prostate cancer using segregation analysis of occurrence in families ascertained through population‐based series totaling 4390 incident cases. We investigated major gene models (dominant, recessive, general, X‐linked), polygenic models, and mixed models of susceptibility using the pedigree analysis software MENDEL. The hypergeometric model was used to approximate polygenic inheritance. The best‐fitting model for the familial aggregation of prostate cancer was the mixed recessive model. The frequency of the susceptibility allele in the population was estimated to be 0.15 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.11–0.20), with a relative risk for homozygote carriers of 94 (95% CI 46–192), and a polygenic standard deviation of 2.01 (95% CI 1.72–2.34). These analyses suggest that one or more genes having a strong recessively inherited effect on risk, as well as a number of genes with variants having small multiplicative effects on risk, may account for the genetic susceptibility to prostate cancer. The recessive component would predict the observed higher familial risk for siblings of cases than for fathers, but this could also be due to other factors such as shared lifestyle by siblings, targeted screening effects, and/or non‐additive effects of one or more genes. Genet. Epidemiol. 34:42–50, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phosphorylation of derivatives of β‐dialkyaminocrotonitriles with phosphorus(III) halides
Authors: Kostyuk Aleksandr N. , Svyaschenko Yurii V. , Barnych Bogdan B. , Sibgatulin Dmitriy A. , Rusanov Eduard B. , Volochnyuk Dmitriy M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe reaction of β‐dialkylaminocrotontriles with phosphorus(III) halides has been investigated. The basicity of the dialkylamino group influences the phosphorylation markedly, with pyrrolidine being the amine of choice. It was found that a solvent and the ratio of triethylamine play a significant role in phosphorylation. Although chloro‐ and dichlorophosphine derivatives proved impossible to separate as individual compounds; their solutions can be successfully used for further transformations. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 20:194–201, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20532
A novel and convenient method for synthesis of carbamoyl and thiocarbamoyl phosphonates
Authors: Kaboudin Babak , Zahedi Hazegh 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA simple, efficient, and general method has been developed for the synthesis of carbamoyl and thiocarbamoyl phosphonic esters using CaCl2 as an efficient Lewis base catalyst. Carbamoyl and thiocarbamoyl phosphonic esters were obtained in good yield (37%–65%) and purity under mild conditions by the reaction of diethyl phosphite with isocyanates and isothiocyanates in the presence of CaCl2. This method is easy, rapid, and good‐yielding reaction for the synthesis of carbamoyl and thiocarbamoyl phosphonic esters. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 20:250–253, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20538
Indium triflate‐catalyzed one‐pot synthesis of 14‐alkyl or aryl‐14H‐dibenzo[a, j]xanthenes in water
Authors: Urinda Sharmistha , Kundu Dhiman , Majee Adinath , Hajra Alakananda 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA mild, efficient, and environment friendly method has been developed for the synthesis of 14‐alkyl or aryl‐14H‐dibenzo[a, j]xanthenes by condensation of 2‐naphthol and aldehydes in the presence of a catalytic amount of indium(III) triflate (2 mol%) in water at 100°C. Different types of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes are used in the reaction, and in all cases the products synthesized in moderate to excellent yields. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 20:232–234, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20539