bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunoadsorption apheresis and immunosuppressive drug therapy in the treatment of complicated HCV‐related cryoglobulinemia
Authors: Stefanutti Claudia , Vivenzio Antonio , Di Giacomo Serafina , Labbadia Giancarlo , Mazza Fabio , D'Alessandri Giovanna , Ferraro Pietro M. , Masala Cesare 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe immunosuppressive drug therapy (IDT) is not always effective to avoid the development of complications in hepatitis C virus‐related cryoglobulinemia (HCV‐Cr). Removal of cryoglobulins by therapeutic plasmapheresis is currently accepted. In this randomized, parallel group study, 17 male and female patients aged 43–79 years, with complicated HCV‐Cr, were submitted for 12 weeks (initial immunosuppressive therapy) to IDT (α‐interferon, pegylated‐interferon α‐2a, cyclophosphamide, methylprednisolone, prednisone, cyclosporine, ribavirin, and melphalan). Then, they were randomly assigned to two parallel groups: A # 9 patients treated by immunoadsorption apheresis (Selesorb®) (IA) plus IDT, and B # 8 patients submitted to IDT only, for further 12 weeks. # 187 IA aphereses were performed. No adverse reactions or complications were observed. A Clinical Score (CS) was adapted from a pre‐existing scoring model to evaluate signs and symptoms inherent to the underlying immunologic disorder. The CS was calculated at baseline (CS0), after the initial immunosuppressive therapy (CS1 = 12 weeks) when patients were treated only with IDT, and at the end of the study (24 weeks) in the group A (CSA; IA plus IDT) and B (CSB; IDT only). The score did not change significantly from CS0 to CS1. However, statistically significant differences were observed between CS1 and CSA (P < 0.001), and CSA versus CSB (P = 0.03), respectively. The changes observed were favorable to the patients assigned to the IA plus IDT group (A): in most case relief of symptoms and complications have been obtained. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A pseudoaneurysm within a subperiosteal collection in a patient with sickle cell disease
Authors: Cuthbert Faye , Gulati Manpreet Singh , Constantinescu Gabriel , Robertson Paula 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSickle cell disease involves long bones in the form of infection or subperiosteal collections. Rare pseudoaneurysm/aneurysm formation is also known to occur in the intracranial and visceral territories. We report a small subperiosteal pseudoaneurysm that developed within a subperiosteal abscess in the tibia in a patient with sickle cell disease. This case adds to the known spectrum of musculoskeletal abnormalities resulting from this condition. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2010
Fisherfolk and farmers: Carbon and nitrogen isotope evidence from Middle Horizon Ancón, Peru
Authors: Slovak N. M. , Paytan A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis study investigates human dietary patterns and economic trends at the coastal site of Ancón, Peru during the Andean Middle Horizon (550AD–1000AD) using stable isotopic data from 32 individuals buried at the site. δ13C and δ15N results from human bone collagen and δ13C from human tooth enamel and bone carbonate indicate that inhabitants consumed a mixed diet composed primarily of marine protein and C4 resources, with only marginal reliance on C3 foods. Over time, Ancóneros appear to have relied more heavily on C4 resources, particularly maize, despite the fact that the crop could not have been grown locally. These results are notable given that C3 rather than C4 or marine foods dominate the site's archaeological record. These data suggest that Ancón's inhabitants either had access to more fertile land up‐valley where maize could be cultivated successfully or that they engaged in trade relationships with their valley neighbours. A third possibility is that increased maize consumption at Ancón during the Middle Horizon resulted from Wari imperial influence and interregional exchange. Comparisons of δ13C values in enamel and bone carbonate from Ancón individuals indicate that δ13Ccarb_enamel values are significantly more positive than δ13Ccarb_bone values. This suggests that the diets of young children were systematically enriched in 13C compared to that of adults, perhaps as a result of nursing activity and/or differential dietary practices among various age groups at the site. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of NCO/OH ratio and Ce‐Zr nanoparticles on the thermo‐mechanical properties of hyperbranched polyurethane urea coatings
Authors: Mishra Aswini K. , Allauddin Shaik , Radhika K. R. , Narayan Ramanuj , Raju K. V. S. N. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe present study describes the effect of NCO/OH ratio and addition of Cerium (Ce)‐Zirconium (Zr) mixed oxide nanoparticles on the properties of Hyperbranched Polyurethane Urea (HBPUU) Coatings. Initially a hydroxyl terminated hyperbranched polymer (HTBP) was synthesized through A3 + CB2 approach. The HTBP and Ce‐Zr nanopowder dispersed HTBP, both were reacted with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) separately; at various NCO/OH eq. ratios to get different NCO terminated HBPU and HBPU/Ce‐Zr hybrid prepolymers. These prepolymers were used for the preparation of HBPUU and HBPUU/Ce‐Zr hybrid coating films through moisture curing. The techniques such as 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT‐IR, and XRD have been used for structural information while Dynamic mechanical and thermal analyzer (DMTA), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Universal testing machine (UTM) have been used for evaluation of thermo‐mechanical properties. The combined spectroscopic investigations results indicate the formation of HBPUU network with a degree of branching of 76% while FT‐IR deconvolution results indicates the formation of more hydrogen bonded structure with increasing NCO/OH ratio. The XRD and FT‐IR studies confirm the presence of Ce‐Zr mixed nanoparticles in the HBPUU hybrids. As per TGA and DMTA analysis the thermal stability, char residue, storage modulus (E', material stiffness) and glass transition temperature (Tg), increases with increasing NCO/OH ratio and Ce‐Zr nanoparticle loading in HBPUU coatings. In general, UTM data suggest that the tensile strength increases and per cent elongation at break decreases with increasing the NCO/OH ratio and addition level of nanoparticles in HBPUU coatings. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
General lessons from large‐scale studies to identify human cancer predisposition genes
Authors: Cazier Jean‐Baptiste , Tomlinson Ian 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThere are now about 100 genes known to cause Mendelian inherited cancer syndromes, but these only explain a minor part of the familial clustering of the common cancers. The increased familial relative risk of cancer in the general population must largely involve genes of low‐ or moderate‐penetrance. Until recently, attempts to identify cancer predisposition genes with low penetrance had proved similarly unrewarding. However, in the past 2 years, developments in this area have been rapid. In particular, the ‘common disease–common variant’ model of predisposition has come to the fore. In this model, alleles of high frequency (typically > 10%) and low penetrance (typically < two‐fold increased lifetime risk) contribute substantially to susceptibility to the common human diseases, including cancers. Many common risk alleles for cancer have been found by genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) in the form of tagging SNPs, although identification of the disease‐causing variants generally remains a difficult problem. The ‘common disease–common variant’ model has recently been criticized by proponents of a ‘common disease–rare variant’ model. In fact, the conflict between the models is false and a more continuous approach, bounded only by technical limitations and sample sizes, appears to be more appropriate. In this review, we summarize the general findings from cancer GWASs and their problems, and discuss the issues of finding rarer variants and other forms of cancer‐predisposing variation, such as copy number polymorphisms. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of thiol‐ene photopolymerization for injectable intraocular lenses: A preliminary study
Authors: Niu Guoguang , Song Li , Zhang Hongbin , Cui Xiaopeng , Kashima Miki , Yang Zhou , Cao Hui , Wang Guojie , Zheng Yudong , Zhu Siquan , Yang Huai 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe thiol‐ene photopolymerization, which could be achieved with less ultraviolet (UV) intensity and photoinitiator content was first introduced into the application of injectable intraocular lenses (IOLs), thus the damages to the eye from the UV radiation and photoinitiator toxicity were greatly reduced. The bulk samples were obtained from the mixture of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and pentaerythritol tetrakis(3‐mercaptopropionate) (PTMP) by the thiol‐ene photopolymerization. It was found that PEGDA‐PTMP bulk samples had the similar transparency and the hydrophilicity as the ones from PEGDA by homophotopolymerization. Meanwhile, when PTMP was added into PEGDA, the elastic modulus of the bulk samples was decreased and their flexibility was improved. The experimental results indicated that the thiol‐ene photopolymerization was one potential method to obtain the ideal injectable IOLs, although many works have to be done in the future study, such as selecting proper monomers and testing the biocompatibility of polymerized samples. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Structure and properties of microfibrillar‐reinforced composites based on thermoplastic PET/LDPE blends after manufacturing by means of pultrusion
Authors: Evstatiev M. , Angelov I. , Friedrich K. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn situ microfibrillar‐reinforced composites (MFC) based on blends from poly(ethyleneterephthalate) (PET) and low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) were prepared under industrial relevant conditions by melt extrusion, followed by continuous cold drawing in weight ratios of PET/LDPE equal to 50/50. Test specimens were prepared by pultrusion (Pult) of the drawn blend at a processing temperature below the melting temperature of PET. This was the first attempt to pultrude such a material. By varying the Pult parameters, rectangular cross‐sectional profiles have been successfully produced using a self‐designed Pult line. For comparison, plates were also prepared by compression (CM) and injection molding (IM). Samples of each stage of MFC manufacturing and processing were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS), and mechanical testing. SEM and WAXS showed that the highly oriented blends are converted into MFC‐structured polymer–polymer composites during the Pult, CM, and IM process. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Preparation and interaction characteristics of exfoliated ABS/organoclay nanocomposite
Authors: Lim Sang‐Kyun , Hong Eun‐Pyo , Song Yu‐Hyun , Park Bong Jun , Choi Hyoung Jin , Chin In‐Joo 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA series of poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐butadiene‐co‐styrene) (ABS)/organoclays (Cloisite10A, Cloisite25A, and Cloisite30B) nanocomposites are prepared via two different methods: one is a solution blending and the other is a two‐step process where the solution blended mixture is subsequently compounded in the melt state using a torque rheometer (SOAM method). The effect of surfactants on the surface of three different organoclays that are modified with alkylammonium salts in polymer/organoclay nanocomposites is investigated by focusing on two major aspects; Flory‐Huggins interaction parameters and physical (thermal and mechanical) properties. The d‐spacing of both neat organoclays and intercalated/exfoliated organoclays is examined by X‐ray diffraction analysis, and the microstructure of these nanocomposites is examined by FE‐TEM. Solubility parameters of both polymer and organoclays of interest are calculated according to the group contribution method. Viscoelastic behavior of the nanocomposites is also investigated by measuring rheological properties under an oscillatory shear. The increase in the onset temperature of the thermal degradation indicates the enhancement of thermal stability of ABS due to intercalation or partial exfoliation. Mechanical properties, such as, tensile strength, tensile modulus, and elongation at break of the nanocomposites are measured. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Numerical analysis of soft pH‐sensitive hydrogel: Effect of multivalent ionic compositions
Authors: Li Hua , Yew Yong Kin 
Published: November 2009

AbstractInfluence of the ionic compositions of bathing solution with multivalences is investigated on the responsive behavior of pH‐sensitive hydrogel to environmental change in solution pH. It is based on a chemo‐electro‐mechanical formulation, previously termed the multieffect‐coupling pH‐stimulus (MECpH) model, which is improved in this article by incorporating the finite deformation theory into the mechanical equilibrium. The improved MECpH model consists of the coupled nonlinear partial differential equations, which are solved via a meshless numerical technique called the Hermite‐cloud method with the modified Newton iteration. After the MECpH model is examined by comparison between the computational results and experimental data available in literature, several case studies are numerically carried out to discuss the effects of the multivalent ionic compositions of surrounding solution on the variation of the deformation of the pH‐stimulus‐responsive hydrogel and the distributions of the diffusive ion concentrations and electric potential, when the hydrogel is placed in the buffered solutions. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Toughened poly(trimethylene terephthalate) by blending with a functionalized ethylene–propylene–diene copolymer
Authors: Wang Kunyan , Chen Yanmo 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA series of blends of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) with ethylene–propylene–diene copolymer grafted with maleic anhydride (EPDM‐g‐MA) were prepared in composition by weight 95/5, 90/10, 80/20, and 70/30. Their morphologies, crystallization behavior, and mechanical properties were investigated. Morphology observation shows the well‐dispersed domains of EPDM‐g‐MA in PTT matrix with weight‐average particle size from 0.98 to 3.64 μm when the EPDM‐g‐MA content increases from 5% to 30% (mass fraction) in the blends. The constancy of the crystallinity level indicates that the elastomeric phase does not disturb the crystallization process of PTT. The addition of rubbery EPDM‐g‐MA to PTT matrix increases the notched Izod impact strength, but impairs the tensile strength properties. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Electrical properties of nitrogen‐related defects in n‐type GaAsN grown by molecular‐beam epitaxy
Authors: Shafi M. , Mari R.H. , Henini M. , Taylor D. , Hopkinson M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDeep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) and Laplace DLTS (LDLTS) techniques have been employed to characterize electron traps in dilute GaAsN epitaxial layers grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) on n+ GaAs substrates. The GaAsN samples used in this study were silicon doped (n‐type) and contained nitrogen concentrations ranging from 0.2% to 1.2%. The number of electron traps in each sample detected by the DLTS measurements is found to be dependent on the nitrogen contents. Some of the traps have been identified with previously reported (N‐As)spl split interstitial, nitrogen‐split interstitial, EL6‐like interfacial defect and EL3 defect levels. In a control sample without nitrogen we observed only one deep electron emitting level of energy 0.76 eV and no shallow levels have been seen. However, new shallow traps with energies ranging from 0.036 to 0.13 eV have been detected in samples with nitrogen content in the range 0.2% to 0.4%. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of Shubnikov de Haas and cyclotron resonance effect on terahertz detection by field effect transistors
Authors: Boubanga‐Tombet S. , Teppe F. , Dyakonova N. , Coquillat D. , Knap W. , Karpierz K. , Łusakowski J. , Grynberg M. , Dyakonov M. I. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractExperiments on terahertz radiation detection with InGaAs/InAlAs field‐effect transistor in quantizing magnetic field are reported. We observed oscillations of the photovoltaic signal analogous to Shubnikov‐de Haas oscillations, as well as their strong enhancement at the cyclotron resonance conditions. The results are described quantitatively within the frame of a theory which takes into account a new source of nonlinearity related to the Landau quantization of the conduction band. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural properties of (Ga,Mn)Sb thin films on GaAs(111)A substrate
Authors: Bak‐Misiuk J. , Romanowski P. , Sadowski J. , Wojciechowski T. , Dynowska E. , Domagala J. Z. , Caliebe W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractGaSb/GaAs(111)A layers with embedded Mn(Ga)Sb clusters have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy method at the substrate temperature of 450 °C. The results of structural characterization of (Ga,Mn)Sb with Mn concentration up to 8% are presented. Almost all Mn atoms introduced into the GaSb layers form hexagonal Mn(Ga)Sb clusters. Large hexagonal clusters with various shape and dimensions were detected by scanning electron microscopy. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparative theoretical study of the electron affinities of the alkaline‐earth clusters: Ben, Mgn, and Can (n = 2, 3)
Authors: Díaz‐Torrejón C. C. , Espinosa‐Magaña F. , Kaplan Ilya G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIf in atoms only one type of the electron affinity (EA) can be defined, in molecules there are three types of EAs: the vertical electron affinity (VEA), adiabatic electron affinity (AEA), and vertical electron detachment energy (VEDE). These three types of EAs for beryllium, magnesium, and calcium dimers and trimers are calculated at the all‐electron MP4(SDTQ) level employing the Dunning‐type basis sets. All obtained EAs satisfy the following inequality VEDE > AEA > VEA and are quite large to be observed in experiment, especially in the trimer case: VEDE (Be) = 1.63 eV, VEDE (Mg) = 0.72 eV, and VEDE (Ca) = 0.95 eV. The decomposition of VEDE into physical components (Koopmans, relaxation, and correlation) and the atomic orbital population analysis (at the NBO level) are used to elucidate the nature of the outer electron binding in studied anions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Assignment on the X, A, B, C, and D states of the C6H5Br+ cation based on high‐level calculations
Authors: Li Wen‐Zuo , Cheng Jian‐Bo , Li Qing‐Zhong , Gong Bao‐An , Sun Jia‐Zhong 
Published: November 2009

AbstractGeometries, frequencies, and energies of the 12B1, 12A2, 12B2, 22B1, 22B2, and 12A1, of the C6H5Br+ ion were calculated by using CASSCF and CASPT2 methods in conjunction with an ANO‐RCC basis. The CASPT2//CASSCF adiabatic excitation energies and CASPT2 relative energies for the six states are in good agreement with experiment. The X, A, B, C, and D electronic states of the C6H5Br+ ion were assigned to be X2B1, A2A2, B2B2, C2B1, and D2B2 based on the CASSCF and CASPT2 calculations. The assignment on the D state of the C6H5Br+ ion is different from the previously published works. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
A comparison of the stereodynamics between C(1D) H2 and C(1D) HD reactions
Authors: Kang Lihua 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe vector correlations between products and reagents for the reactions C(1D) + H2 and C(1D) + HD at the collision energy of 16.0 kJ/mol have been studied by using the quasi‐classical trajectories on an ab initio potential energy surface (Bussery‐Honvault et al., J Chem Phys 2001, 115, 10701) of 1A′ symmetry. The isotope effect on the product rotational polarization for the C(1D) + H2 and its isotopic reactions is discussed in detail. The calculated results have shown that the product CH mainly tends to backward–forward symmetric for both reactions. Also, the product rotational angular momentum vector j′ is not only aligned but also preferentially oriented along the direction of the y‐axis. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Fully relativistic calculations of ThF4
Authors: Ryzhkov M. V. , Teterin A. Yu. , Teterin Yu. A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBased on the results of first‐principles density functional theory calculations of the electronic structure of ThF4 in solid state and molecular form, the study of the Th6p, 5f, 6d, 7s and F2s, 2p states was done. We used the fully relativistic cluster discrete variational method with the local exchange‐correlation potential. The hybridization of F2p and Th5f, 6d, 7s, 7p states in the valence molecular orbitals (VMOs) in the region 0–10 eV and of F2s and Th6p states in the inner valence molecular orbitals (IVMOs) in the region 10–50 eV was studied. The results of relativistic cluster calculations are compared with those obtained for ThF4 molecule. The energies of ionization of VMOs and of IVMOs were evaluated on the basis of the ground‐state and Slater's transition‐state calculations. The MO energy levels provide a satisfactory interpretation of experimental photoelectron spectra. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Urbanization in a great plains river: Effects on fishes and food webs
Authors: Eitzmann Jeffrey L. , Paukert Craig P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSpatial variation of habitat and food web structure of the fish community was investigated at three reaches in the Kansas River, USA to determine if δ13C variability and δ15N values differ longitudinally and are related to urbanization and instream habitat. Fish and macroinvertebrates were collected at three river reaches in the Kansas River classified as the less urbanized reach (no urban in riparian zone; 40% grass islands and sand bars, braided channel), intermediate (14% riparian zone as urban; 22% grass islands and sand bars) and urbanized (59% of riparian zone as urban; 6% grass islands and sand bars, highly channelized) reaches in June 2006. The less urbanized reach had higher variability in δ13C than the intermediate and urbanized reaches, suggesting fish from these reaches utilized a variety of carbon sources. The δ15N also indicated that omnivorous and detritivorous fish species tended to consume prey at higher trophic levels in the less urbanized reach. Channelization and reduction of habitat related to urbanization may be linked to homogenization of instream habitat, which was related to river food webs. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.