bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conformation polymorphisms and targeted marker development
Authors: Kirkpatrick B W , Hart G L 
Published: July 2010

SummaryGenetic markers were developed for three targeted bovine loci using both single‐stranded and double‐stranded DNA conformation polymorphisms. Eight of nine DNA fragments exhibited single‐stranded conformation polymorphisms while only one of nine exhibited a double‐strand conformation polymorphism. All but one of the polymorphic fragments exhibited two allelic forms, with the exception being a single‐stranded conformation polymorphism with three alleles. Utility of conformation polymorphisms relative to microsatellite markers for linkage map development and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping was assessed by comparing frequency of heterozygote parents from reference and resource families. Heterozygosity was greater for microsatellite markers (P < 0.01) and reference family parents (P < 0.01), though the disparity between marker types tended to be less dramatic for the reference family parents (P < 0.09). These results suggest conformation polymorphisms will be a useful tool for targeted marker development in linkage map and comparative map development provided genetically diverse families are studied.
Association of major histocompatibility complex antigens (BOLA‐A) with AI bull progeny test results for mastitis, ketosis and fertility in Norwegian Cattle
Authors: Mejdell C M , Lie Ø , Solbu H , Arnet E F , Spooner R L 
Published: July 2010

SummaryAltogether 424 Norwegian AI bulls, progeny tested for clinical mastitis, ketosis and fertility (recorded as nonreturn percentage), were typed by Edinburgh and Oslo allo‐antisera to bovine lymphocyte antigens (BOLA‐A) over a 7‐year period. Significant effects of BOLA‐A on disease were revealed. A2 was associated with relative resistance to mastitis, a positive influence on fertility, and a possible relative resistance to ketosis, while A13 was associated with relative resistance to ketosis. The previously reported associations of All and w16 with relative susceptibility to mastitis were not confirmed in the present material.
Linkage of bovine erythrocyte antigen loci B, C, L, S, Z, R‘ and T’ and the serum protein loci post‐transferrin 2 (PTF 2), vitamin D binding protein (GC) and albumin (ALB) to DNA microsatellite markers
Authors: Kappes S M , Bishop M D , Keele J W , Penedo M C T , Hines H C , Grosz M D , Hawkins G A , Stone R T , Sunden S L F , Beattie C W 
Published: July 2010

SummarySeven bovine erythrocyte antigen loci and three serum protein loci were tentatively assigned to chromosomes or synteny groups by linkage analysis to previously assigned microsatellite DNA markers. The erythrocyte antigen locus EAB was mapped to synteny group U27; EAC to chromosome 18, synteny group U9; EAL to chromosome 3, synteny group U6; EAS to chromosome 21, synteny group U4; EAZ to chromosome 10, synteny group U5; EAR' to chromosome 16, synteny group U1; and EAT' to chromosome 19, synteny group U21. The vitamin D binding protein (GC) and albumin (ALB) loci were assigned to chromosome 6, synteny group U15 and post‐transferrin 2 (PTF 2) to chromosome 19, synteny group U21.
Cloning, sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of a porcine cDNA for OCT2
Authors: Tuggle C K , Helm J , Rothschild M F 
Published: July 2010

SummaryA full‐length pig cDNA for the POU‐domain protein OCT2 has been isolated and sequenced. The 478 amino acid‐long reading frame in pig OCT2 is 97% identical to human OCTZA, indicating strong conservation of function for this immunoglobulin regulatory protein. To investigate the potential use of this cDNA for mapping and identifying linkage of OCT2 to economic traits, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was used to identify a TaqI polymorphism. A population of 60 unrelated animals, as well as multigenerational families, were typed for this RFLP and showed variability in several American and Chinese breeds. The Taq I polymorphism was also detected by a non‐POU‐domain OCT2 probe, demonstrating that this RFLP is located in the OCT2 gene. This result suggests that OCT2 is likely to be a single‐copy gene in swine as seen in other mammals.
Integrating the porcine physical and linkage map using cosmid‐derived markers
Authors: Ellegren H , Chowdhary B , Johansson M , Andersson L 
Published: July 2010

SummaryAn essential part in the development of informative linkage maps is to include genetic markers that have been anchored by physical mapping. Here a set of 18 porcine cosmid‐derived genetic markers are reported that have been mapped by linkge analysis, and that also have been physically localized by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Three different strategies were used to establish polymorphic markers from the cosmid clones. Firstly, dinucleotide microsatellite loci were derived by sequencing cosmid subclones containing (CA), repeats. Secondly, variable SINE 3′ poly(A) tracts (SINEVA) were identified by direct SINE‐PCR amplification of cosmid clones. Thirdly, the cosmids were used in Southern blot hybridization to detect restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). Compared with the most recent consensus compilation of the porcine gene map, the present assignment of markers to chromosomes Zp, 3, 4, 10, 12q, and 16 represents the first loci mapped to these chromosomes, for which linkage as well as in situ data are now available.
Fifteen new synteny assignments of microsatellites to the bovine genome
Authors: Guérin G , Nocart M , Kemp S J 
Published: July 2010

SummaryA panel of 36 hamster‐bovine hybrid cell lines was used to assign 15 bovine microsatellites. Locus identification, synteny group and/or chromosome assignment and registration number were as follows: ILSTS001 (U22, Chr07, D7S13), ILSTS002 (U09, Chr18, D18S7), ILSTS004 (U10, Chr01, D1S28), ILSTS005 (U05, Chr10, D10S25). ILSTS006 (U22, Chr07, D7S8), ILSTS008 (U24, Chr14, D14S15), ILSTS010 (U27, DU27S11), ILSTS011 (U24, Chr14, D14S16), ILSTS012 (U16, Chr11, D11S26), ILSTS015 (U07, Chr25, D25S3), ILSTS016 (U04, Chr21, D21S22), ILSTS017 (X, DXS11), ILSTS018 (U15, Chr06, D6S15), ILSTS019 (U07, Chr25, D25S7) and ILSTS020 (U05, Chr10, D10S27). These results contribute to the international effort to improve the bovine genetic map.
PCR‐RFLP typing of the bovine myoglobin gene
Authors: Agaba M , Kemp S J 
Published: July 2010

SummaryWe have identified substitutions in the 31 untranslated region of the bovine myoglobin gene, one of which affects an MboII restriction enzyme site resulting in a bi‐allelic restriction fragment length polymorphism. Co‐dominant inheritance of the alleles in three reference families was observed using a polymerase chain reaction—restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. The distribution of the alleles seems characteristic of cattle type—one of the alleles was not detected in purely taurine breeds. Furthermore, we mapped, using the polymerase chain reaction on a bovine–rodent somatic cell hybrid panel, the myoglobin gene to bovine chromosome five. It is therefore syntenic with γ‐interferon and insulin‐like growth factor in which we have not found polymorphism. The myoglobin locus therefore serves as a type one marker on bovine chromosome five.
Direct characterization of bovine microsatellites from cosmids: polymorphism and synteny mapping
Authors: Ferretti L , Leone P , Pilla F , Zhang Y , Nocart M , Guérin G 
Published: July 2010

SummaryA (TG)8 oligonucleotide probe was used to screen 186 cosmids from a commercial bovine cosmid library. Of the 56 positive discovered, 7 were sequenced in the region of the microsatellite and analysed for polymorphism. These microsatellites, IDVGA‐2, ‐3, ‐7, ‐8, ‐9, ‐10, ‐11 showed the following number of alleles and polymorphism information content (PIC) values (7/0.616, 8/0.693, 6/0.641, 5/0.643, 2/0.239, 10/0.844, 6/0.720). The microsatellites were also assigned to synteny groups as follows: IDVGA‐2/U17, IDVGA‐3/U16, IDVGA‐7/U7, IDVGA‐8/U29, IDVGA‐9/U3, IDVGA‐10/U19, IDVGA‐11/A (probably U18).
Polymorphic sequence in the D‐loop region of equine mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Ishida N , Hasegawa T , Takeda K , Sakagami M , Onishi A , Inumaru S , Komatsu M , Mukoyama H 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe D‐loop regions in equine mitochondrial DNA were cloned from three thoroughbred horses by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The total number of bases in the D‐loop region were 1114bp, 1115bp and 1146bp. The equine D‐loop region is A/T rich like many other mammalian D‐loops. The large central conserved sequence block and small conserved sequence blocks 1, 2 and 3, that are common to other mammals, were observed. Between conserved sequence blocks 1 and 2 there were tandem repeats of an 8bp equine‐specific sequence TGTGCACC, and the number of tandem repeats differed among individual horses. The base composition in the unit of these repeats is G/C rich as are the short repeats in the D‐loops of rabbit and pig. Comparing DNA sequences between horse and other mammals, the difference in the D‐loop region length is mostly due to the difference in the number of DNA sequences at both extremities. The similarities of the DNA sequences are in the middle part of the D‐loop. In comparison of the sequences among three thoroughbred horses, it was determined that the region between tRNAPro and the large central conserved sequence block was the richest in variation. PCR primers in the D‐loop region were designed and the expected maternal inheritance was confirmed by PCR‐RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism).
A microsatellite within the bovine K‐casein gene reveals a polymorphism correlating strongly with polymorphisms previously described at the protein as well as the DNA level
Authors: Levéziel H , Rodellar C , Leroux C , Pepin L , Grohs C , Vaimaan D , Mahé M F , Martin P , Grosclaude F 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe polymorphism of a (TA)n(CA)n repeat microsatellite present in the third intaron of the bovine K‐casein gene (CASK) has been investigated. The existence of six alleles differing only in the number of dinucleotide repeats has been established. A total of 330 animals belonging to nine different pure bred Bos Taurus French breeds or to a cross‐bred Bos taurus*Bos indicus population (Créole) were genotyped. The distribution of the microsatellite alleles was examined and clear breed differences were noted. Genotyping of animals by isoelectric focusing (IEF) or restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) (TaqI) was performed, in order to examine the relationship of the microsatellite polymorphism to other previously described CASK polymorphisms, at the protein and DNA levels. Strong correlation was seen, indicating that evolution of the various polymorphisms was not independent, and nine CASK haplotypes were observed.
Evidence for the expression of two distinct MHC class II DRβ like molecules in the sheep
Authors: Dutia B M , McConnell I , Ballingall K T , Keating P , Hopkins J 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThis study used monoclonal antibodies to sheep MHC class II molecules as well as an L cell transfectant (T8.1) which expresses DRA and DRB genes to show that two distinct DRβ chains are expressed in the sheep. Two anti‐β chain specific monoclonal antibodies VPM37 and VPM43 react with DR antigen but not DQ antigen by ELISA. These two antibodies do not react with the DRβ chain expressed in the T8.1 cell line. Two‐dimensional immunoblotting shows that these antibodies recognize a subgroup of the spots recognized by the DR‐specific monoclonal antibody VPM57 which does react with the T8.1 β chain. Amino‐terminal sequence analysis of the α chain associated with VPM37β chain shows that this α chain is homologous to the human DRα chain strongly indicating that the β chain is DR‐like. VPM37 and VPM43 are shown to be directed against different epitopes on sheep MHC class II molecules so it is highly unlikely that the data can be explained by the presence of posttranslational modifications or the existence of a very common allele. These data provide clear evidence for the expression of two distinct DRP chains in the sheep.
Mapping quantitative trait loci with DNA microsatellites in a commercial dairy cattle population
Authors: Ron M , Band M , Yanai A , Weller J I 
Published: July 2010

SummaryIndividual loci affecting economically important traits can be located using genetic linkage between quantitative trait loci and genetic markers. In the ‘granddaughter’ experimental design, heterozygous grandsires and their sons are genotyped for the genetic marker, while the quantitative trait records of the granddaughters are used for statistical analysis. Ten DNA microsatellite markers were used to look for associations with quantitative trait loci affecting milk production traits in seven Israeli Holstein grandsire families. At least 60% more grandsires were heterozygous, and 40% fewer individuals were discarded because of unknown paternal allele origin, as compared with diallelic markers. The effects of paternal alleles for locus D21S4 on kg milk and protein were significant (P < 0.025). The allele substitution effects for sire 783 were 283 kg milk and 5.7 kg protein. For both traits, progeny of sire 783 that inherited allele ‘18’ had higher evaluations than progeny that inherited allele ‘21’. These results were verified by genotyping 151 of his daughters. Thus, the rate of genetic gain for protein production can be increased by selecting progeny of sire 783 carrying allele ‘18’ at this locus.
Isolation of polymorphic AGC repeats located 3‘ to bovine SINEs
Authors: Band M , Ron M 
Published: July 2010

SummaryA bovine genomic library was screened for the presence of (AGC)n repeats. All isolated AGC repeats were located adjacent to the 3′ end of bovine short interspersed nuclear elements (SINE). Polymerase chain reactions (PCR) using either two unique primers or one unique and one SINE primer produced high‐resolution products without the secondary artifact ladders typical of dinucleotide microsatellites. Four AGC microsatellites were found to be polymorphic with 2–4 alleles each and polymorphism information context (PIC) values ranging between 0.26 and 0.49. One microsatellite, AR025, was mapped to chromosome 26 with the CSIRO reference families. Because of their strong association with AGC repeats and high frequency in the genome, SINE‐3′ PCR may prove to be a novel source of polymorphic trinucleotide markers in the bovine genome.
Linkage mapping and partial sequencing of 10 cDNA loci in the chicken
Authors: Bumstead N. , Young J. R. , Tregaskes C. , Palyga J. , Dunn P. P. J. , Bumstead N. , Young I. R. , Tregaskes C. , Palyga I. , Dunn P. P. J. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryTen cDNA clones derived from chicken spleen cell mRNA have been partially sequenced and the genes which encode the mRNAs have been located within the linkage map of the chicken genome. The sequences of five of these clones show strong homology to known mammalian genes, the remainder show little homology to sequences present in the current databases. Interestingly, one of these clones appears to be the chicken homologue of the mammalian peptide transporter gene TAP2 and is located within the major histocompatibility complex. Two other clones are homologous to genes involved in protein synthesis and these are tightly linked in chickens, as in mice. These results suggest that partial sequencing and mapping of clones from selective cDNA libraries may be an efficient way of adding candidate genes to the chicken linkage map and that on a local scale there may be some conservation of grouping of genes between chickens and mammalian species.
A polymorphic monoclonal anti‐BOLA class I antibody
Authors: Simon M. , Duŝinský R. , Horín P. , Duraj J. , Bilka F. , TomASková J. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryCytotoxic monoclonal antibody IVA 44 was generated after the intraperitoneal immunization with peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells and the boost by the intrasplenic inoculation of skin graft. The detected membrane antigen isolated by immunoprecipitation appears to be composed of two subunits characteristic for the MHC class I molecules. The antibody IVA 44 exhibited a different reactivity: it recognized the BoLA A14 (A8) specificity in animals typed in the Fifth BoLA workshop, while it reacted with all A8 positive animals including subtypes A14 and A15 in Czech and Slovak cattle. It is concluded that mAb IVA 44 might detect the broad subtype of A8 covering A14 and certain A15 split(s). The diverse A15 reactivity of this mAb in the workshop and our population could be explained by the different occurrence of A15 splits in both populations.
RFLP and linkage analysis of the porcine casein loci—CASAS1, CASAS2, CASB and CASK
Authors: Archibald A. L. , Coupewhite S. , Haley C. S. , Beattie C. W. , Alexander L. J. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryRestriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were revealed at the porcine casein loci with the following combinations of restriction endonucleases and porcine cDNA clones: αs1,‐casein (TaqI); αs2‐casein (BamHI); and ß‐casein (Sacl). These RFLPs were shown to be under simple monogenic control by segregation analysis of two‐ and three‐generation families. The CASAS1, CASAS2 and CASB casein loci were also shown to be linked with no recombinant haplotypes observed amongst 77 meioses in Large White and Meishan F1 and F2 crosses. No recombinants were observed in a further 106 meioses that were informative for linkage between CASAS1 and CASAS2.
Identification of new apolipoprotein B epitopes and haplotypes and their distribution in swine populations
Authors: Rapacz J , Hasler‐Rapacz J O , Hu Z L , Rapacz J M , Vögeli P , Hojný J , Janik A 
Published: July 2010

SummaryResults from comparative immunogenetic studies on inheritance and identification of four new apolipoprotein B (apoB) allotypes and three additional apoB haplotypes and their distribution in miniature and domestic swine are presented. Immunological surveys on the four new and 16 previously described Lpb allotypes and genetic analysis of their segregation in progenies, of miniature and domestic swine and their crosses, indicate that three new allotypes designated Lpb9, Lpb10 and Lpb101 are individual (mutant) apoB epitopes, each representing a discriminating marker for one of the new apoB haplotypes specified by three new apoB alleles designated Lpb9, Lpb10 and Lpb101. The fourth allotype, Lpb20, is one of the common epitopes forming the alternative epitope pair with Lpb10, and is a constituent of each of the eight previously described and two new apoB haplotypes. The new apoB alleles have so far been found only in miniature swine, with Lpb10 being the most frequent in the Göttingen, Vietnamese Potbelly and Japanese Miniature, Lpb9 was detected only in Minnesota Miniature and Lpb101 only in Vietnamese Potbelly. The common allotype, Lpb20, shares immunological similarities with human apoB indicating its ancestral origin, whereas none of the alloreagents detecting the three individual apoB variants, Lpb9, Lpb10 or Lpb101, showed cross‐reactivity with human apoB, suggesting their exclusive swine origin and evolvement during speciation through mutations.
Co‐segregation of the malignant hyperthermia and the Arg615‐Cys615 mutation in the skeletal muscle calcium release channel protein in five European Landrace and Pietrain pig breeds
Authors: Vögeli P , Bolt R , Fries R , Stranzinger G 
Published: July 2010

SummaryA total of 392 pigs of European Landrace and Pietrain origin segregating for malignant hyperthermia (MH) were genotyped using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/restriction endonuclease test for the C—T mutation at nucleotide (nt) 1843 in the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor (RYR1) gene, earlier identified as the causal mutation for MH. All pigs had been halothane tested and genotyped at linked polymorphic marker loci. There was complete correlation between MH status of the 392 animals, as diagnosed by a combination of the halothane challenge test with S, GPI, H, A1BG, PGD haplotyping, and the DNA‐based test. DNA‐based detection of the MH status in 238 MH‐susceptible heterozygous (N/n) and homozygous (n/n) pigs was shown to be accurate, eliminating the 2% diagnostic error that is associated with the halothane challenge test. The mutation was also associated with an allele of a polymorphic microsatellite (ETH5 001) at the RYR1 locus.
Population genetics of Great Basin feral horses
Authors: Bowling A T 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe genetic make‐up of Great Basin wild (feral) horses was investigated by blood typing studies. Blood samples of 975 feral horses from seven trap sites in Nevada and Oregon were tested by serological and electrophoretic techniques for genetic markers at 19 polymorphic loci. The average number of variants for the seven feral populations [72·1 ± 3·2 (SEM), range 62–85] was not significantly different from that of 16 domestic breeds (75·0 ± 11·5, range 58–105). The expected average frequency of heterozygotes per locus (average heterozygosity) for the feral populations (0·402 ± 0·009, range 0·368–0·442) was not significantly different from the domestic breeds (0·389 ± 0·045, range 0·295–0·443). Dendrograms constructed using pairwise comparisons of Nei's distance measurements substantiated anecdotal accounts of the origins of Great Basin horses from Iberian, American saddle horse and draft horse breeds.
Estimates of relatedness and inbreeding in goose strains from DNA fingerprints
Authors: Grunder A A , Sabour M P , Gavora J S 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to determine if DNA fingerprints (DFPs) could be used to estimate relatedness and inbreeding of strains of geese and to compare three methods of calculating relatedness indices. Strains included a control and selected strain from each of the Chinese and Synthetic (Chinese, Hungarian and Pilgrim) breeds. DFP patterns for each strain were based on individual DNA samples from six females, or on pooled DNA from 15 females different from those used for individual samples. Three relatedness indices were used, namely, genetic distance, modified Rogers distance and band sharing. All relatedness indices showed a closer relationship of strains within than between breeds. Correlation coefficients among relatedness indices were higher based on pooled DNA (r ≥|0·97|) than those based on individual DNA (r ≥|0·741). Inbreeding estimates were higher for selected compared with control strains. It appears that the use of DFPs to estimate relatedness, regardless of index used, and inbreeding can be valuable for studying geese where there is a limited breeding history.
The influence of haemoglobin types on reproduction and production in Hungarian Merino sheep
Authors: Fésüs L 
Published: July 2010

SummaryFewer Hb A and AB lambs were born than expected in the investigated Hungarian Merino population but the factors responsible for these differences could not be identified. The Hb A and AB breeding ewes were not inferior to their B type herd mates with respect to average daily weight gain (when lambs), reproductive performance (prolificacy) and survival rate. Their reproductive performance was, in some cases, even better than that of the ewes with other haemoglobin types. The haemoglobin types cannot be used as markers when selecting for higher prolificacy.