bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Epithelial Basal Cells Are Cells of Origin of Prostate Cancer, Independent of CD133 Status
Authors: Taylor Renea A. , Toivanen Roxanne , Frydenberg Mark , Pedersen John , Harewood Laurence , Australian Prostate Cancer Bioresource  , Collins Anne T. , Maitland Norman J. , Risbridger Gail P. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Normal prostatic epithelium is composed of basal and luminal cells. Prostate cancer can be initiated in both benign basal and luminal stem cells, but because basal cell markers are not expressed in patient tumors, the former result was unexpected. Since the cells of origin of prostate cancer are important therapeutic targets, we sought to provide further proof that basal stem cells have tumorigenic potential. Prostatic basal cells were enriched based on α2β1integrinhi expression and further enriched for stem cells using CD133 in nontumorigenic BPH-1 cells. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) were also used as a source of normal stem cells. To test their tumorigenicity, we used two alternate stromal-based approaches; (a) recombination with human cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) or (b) recombination with embryonic stroma (urogenital mesenchyme) and treated host mice with testosterone and 17β-estradiol. Enriched α2β1integrinhi basal cells from BPH-1 cells resulted in malignant tumor formation using both assays of tumorigenicity. Surprisingly, the tumorigenic potential did not reside in the CD133+ stem cells but was consistently observed in the CD133− population. CAFs also failed to induce prostatic tumors from hESCs. These data confirmed that benign human basal cells include cells of origin of prostate cancer and reinforced their importance as therapeutic targets. In addition, our data suggested that the more proliferative CD133− basal cells are more susceptible to tumorigenesis compared to the CD133+-enriched stem cells. These findings challenge the current dogma that normal stem cells and cells of origin of cancer are the same cell type(s).
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Young black children and science: Chronotopes of narratives around their science journals
Authors: Varelas Maria , Kane Justine M. , Wylie Caitlin D. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe explored 30 Black Kindergarten‐2nd grade students' spoken narratives around pages of their science journals that the children selected asbestfor showing them as scientists. Because in all narratives, space–time relationships play an important role not only in situating but also in constituting them, we focused on such relationships using Bakhtin's (1981) construct of chronotopes. Our chronotopical analysis aimed at fleshing out the temporal and spatial features that were present in the children's journal pages, and in the children's ways of talking both about these features and about being scientists. Our goal was to better understand ways in which African‐American children identify with science and scientists in particular contexts: an interview with an adult who had visited their class throughout that year and a class where they were offered various opportunities to engage with science. Using six cases that maximized the variety of understandings we could develop vis‐à‐vis our research question, we show how the children's narratives were filled with differing space–time relationships in which the children found ways to showcase their agency. Thus, we provide insights into how the children authored relationships with science and scientists, negotiated the past with the present and possible future, and contextualized their narratives within various time‐spaces that had meaning for them. Moreover, multiple people populated the children's chronotopes and became intertwined with the space–time relationships that underlined their conceptions of themselves vis‐à‐vis science and scientists. Despite the varied conceptions of science and scientists that the children portrayed, their narratives communicated a high level of confidence in being able to do science and be scientists, and initiative in learning. The children's narratives were filled with hope, “able‐ness,” knowledge, affect, and possibility. These findings point to several considerations for practice. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 49: 568–596, 2012
Recent progress in perceptual learning research
Authors: Sasaki Yuka , Náñez José E. , Watanabe Takeo 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPerceptual learning is defined as long‐term improvement in perceptual or sensory systems resulting from repeated practice or experience. As the number of perceptual learning studies has increased, controversies and questions have arisen regarding divergent aspects of perceptual learning, including: (1) stages in which perceptual learning occurs, (2) effects of training type, (3) changes in neural processing during the time course of learning, (4) effects of feedback as to correctness of a subject's responses, and (5) double training. Here we review each of these aspects and suggest fruitful directions for future perceptual learning research. WIREs Cogn Sci 2012, 3:293–299. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1175This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Perception and Psychophysics
Molecular mechanisms of liver and bile duct development
Authors: Zong Yiwei , Stanger Ben Z. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe liver is derived from the ventral foregut endoderm. After hepatic specification, liver progenitor cells delaminate from the endoderm and invade the septum transversum mesenchyme to form the liver bud. In addition to proliferation and expansion, liver progenitor cells differentiate into two epithelial cell types, each arranged into unique structures with distinctive function. Growth, morphogenesis, and differentiation during liver development are regulated by a variety of factors that are expressed in a spatially and temporally specific manner. A comprehensive understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying the liver development has influenced the diagnosis of liver diseases and further progress will be critical for future advances in therapy. This review highlights some of the best understood steps of liver development, summarizing progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie differentiation, morphogenesis, and functional integration of the liver. WIREs Dev Biol 2012 doi: 10.1002/wdev.47For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Participatory design of agricultural decision support tools: taking account of the use situations
Authors: Cerf Marianne , Jeuffroy Marie-Hélène , Prost Lorène , Meynard Jean-Marc 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Although many agronomic researchers currently focus on designing and developing decision support systems, they rarely discuss the methodological implications of such work. In this paper, with the examples of two decision support systems, we propose methodological elements for conducting the participatory design of such tools. Our proposition aims at building dialogue between designers and users but also between humans, tools and work situations. We focus on two main stages: first, a diagnosis of the uses of decision tools within current working situations and, second, the use of a prototype of the tool under design. The first stage serves to characterize the diversity of uses and user situations in order to determine the tool’s flexibility and to identify new concepts for tools. The second stage involves setting up an arrangement whereby a prototype of the decision support tool, open to amendment, can be used in work-like situations and then discussed during debriefing sessions among designers and users. This stage mediates dialogue between all the participants and allows them to develop cross-learning processes. We discuss how these two stages allow for a coordinated expansion of three spaces: the concept space, the knowledge space and the use space. We then discuss the need for such participatory design processes described as dialogical design processes and their contribution to produce new agronomic knowledge supporting a more sustainable agriculture. Finally, we point out a need to provide more opportunity for scientific discussion on participatory design approaches and on design methodology more broadly within the agronomic community.
c-SECTIONS, SOLVABILITY AND LARGE SUBGROUPS OF FINITE GROUPS
Authors: BAUMEISTER BARBARA , KAPLAN GIL 
Published: April 2012

Abstractc-Sections of maximal subgroups in a finite group and their relation to solvability have been extensively researched in recent years. A fundamental result due to Wang [‘C-normality of groups and its properties’, J. Algebra 180 (1998), 954–965] is that a finite group is solvable if and only if the c-sections of all its maximal subgroups are trivial. In this paper we prove that if for each maximal subgroup of a finite group G, the corresponding c-section order is smaller than the index of the maximal subgroup, then each composition factor of G is either cyclic or isomorphic to the O’Nan sporadic group (the converse does not hold). Furthermore, by a certain ‘refining’ of the latter theorem we obtain an equivalent condition for solvability. Finally, we provide an existence result for large subgroups in the sense of Lev [‘On large subgroups of finite groups’ J. Algebra 152 (1992), 434–438].
Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) extract inhibits obesity in mice fed a high-fat diet over the long term
Authors: Sumiyoshi Maho , Kimura Yoshiyuki 
Published: April 2012

Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) are traditionally used to add bitterness and flavour to beer. Although the isomerised hop extracts produced by the brewing process have been thought to ameliorate lipid and glucose metabolism, the influence of untreated hop extracts on high-fat (HF) diet-induced obesity is unclear. The present study examined the anti-obesity effects of a hop extract in male C57BL/6J mice fed a HF diet, or HF diet plus 2 or 5 % hop extract for 20 weeks. The oral glucose tolerance test was performed at week 19. Furthermore, water excretion was evaluated in water-loaded Balb/c male mice. The effects of the extract on lipid accumulation and PPARγ expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes were examined. The hop extract inhibited the increase in body and adipose tissue weight, adipose cell diameter and liver lipids induced by the HF diet. Furthermore, it improved glucose intolerance. The extract enhanced water excretion in water-loaded mice. Various fractions of the hop extract inhibited lipid accumulation and PPARγ expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Hop extracts might be useful for preventing obesity and glucose intolerance caused by a HF diet.
Maturation of digestive function is retarded and plasma antioxidant capacity lowered in fully weaned low birth weight piglets
Authors: Michiels Joris , De Vos Maartje , Missotten Joris , Ovyn Anneke , De Smet Stefaan , Van Ginneken Christa 
Published: April 2012

The digestive function of low birth weight (LBW) pigs post-weaning has been poorly studied. Therefore, newborns from eleven hyperprolific sows were weighed, weaned at 27·2 d and fed a starter diet until sampling. Sampling was done between 18 and 28 d post-weaning. An LBW piglet (n19) was defined as a piglet having a birth weight less than 1 kg and less than the lower quartile of litter birth weights. Normal birth weight (NBW) piglets (n13) were having a birth weight close to the mean litter birth weight. For each piglet, eighty-eight variables were determined. Data were analysed with linear models with type of piglet and litter as predictors. A principal component analysis was performed to determine the most important discriminating variables. In the LBW pig, the development of the digestive tract post-weaning was delayed: lower small-intestinal weight:length ratio due to a thinner tela submucosa and tunica muscularis and a higher secretory capacity, both in the distal jejunum. These observations might be a consequence of lower circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations (126 (se10·0)v. 158 (se12·0) ng/ml for LBW and NBW, respectively) and a lower density of IGF-1 receptors in the proximal small intestine. Additionally, the plasma antioxidant capacity was lower for the LBW pig. Taken together, in the LBW piglet, the normal gut maturation post-weaning was retarded and this did not seem to be related to the weaning transition as such.
Bone-anchored hearing aids and chronic pain: a long-term complication and a cause for elective implant removal
Authors: Siau D , Nik H , Hobson J C , Roper A J , Rothera M P , Green K M J 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectives:To report a case series of elective removal of bone-anchored hearing aid implants, and reasons for removal.Design:Retrospective review of a prospectively collected database.Setting:Two tertiary referral centres in the Manchester area: Manchester Royal Infirmary and Salford Royal University Hospital.Participants:A series of 499 adults and children who had undergone a total of 602 implant insertions (1984–2008).Main outcome measures:Implant removal rates, and reasons.Results:Twenty-seven of the 602 implants (4.5 per cent) required removal. Of these, 12 were due to pain (2.0 per cent), seven to persistent infection (1.2 per cent), three to failure of osseointegration (0.5 per cent), three to trauma (0.5 per cent) and two to other reasons (0.4 per cent).Conclusion:Chronic implant site pain represents the main reason why implants are removed electively, and affects 2 per cent of all implants. This complication has important medico-legal implications and should be discussed when obtaining informed consent for implantation.
The Specter of Interdisciplinarity
Authors: Burt Ramsay 
Published: April 2012

Theater dance is an interdisciplinary form, and some of the most interesting advances in progressive and experimental dance work in recent years have been interdisciplinary in nature. Where Anglo-American dance scholarship is concerned, however, a “theoretical turn” that has led some dance scholars to develop interdisciplinary methodologies has proved highly controversial. Interdisciplinarity is in danger of becoming a specter haunting dance scholarship.Dance has not been alone in finding this transition difficult. As art historian and cultural theorist Mieke Bal has recently noted, one challenge facing the academy today is to find “a theoretical link between linguistic, visual and aural domains that blend so consistently in contemporary culture but remain so insistently separated as fields of study in the academy” (Bal 1999a, 10). Where dance is concerned, corporeality needs to be added to Bal's list of domains. This essay explores some of the reasons underlying resistance among Anglo-American dance scholars to the use of interdisciplinary methodologies. By doing so it aims to give an account of the public space in which recent examples of theater dance from Europe and the United States map out complex webs of relationships between corporeal, linguistic, visual, and aural levels of signification.
Trio A: Genealogy, Documentation, Notation
Authors: Rainer Yvonne 
Published: April 2012

I worked on Trio A alone for six months in 1965. The dance initially consisted of a five-minute sequence of movement that would eventually be presented as The Mind Is a Muscle, Part I at Judson Church (on January 10, 1966). There it was performed by me, David Gordon, and Steve Paxton simultaneously but not in unison. An interim version of an extended, but not complete, The Mind Is a Muscle (Judson Church, May 22, 1966) was performed by William Davis, David Gordon, and Steve Paxton. In the final section of this version, called “Lecture,” Peter Saul executed a balletic solo version—that is, with pirouettes and jumps. In the final version (Anderson Theater, April 11, 1968) Trio A was performed by me in tap shoes (without balletic furbelows) at the end of the evening while Paxton, Gordon, and Davis performed it as a trio at the beginning.The individual sequences last from four and a half to five minutes, depending on each performer's physical inclination. Two primary characteristics of the dance are its uninflected continuity and its imperative involving the gaze. The eyes are always averted from direct confrontation with the audience via independent movement of the head, closure of the eyes, or simple casting down of the gaze.
Intellectual Underpinnings
Authors: Satin Leslie 
Published: April 2012

A few family snapshots:1.One day, my father and I stood, chatting, in a bank lobby. “I just don't get it,” he said. “You've got more brains in your head than you have in your feet.”2.My husband sings in an a cappella chorus, and for one Mother's Day concert we all wore necklaces emblazoned with words our mothers had never said. “Choreography and dance,” mine proclaimed. “What a wonderful career choice!”3.After watching me perform some years ago, one of my children offered the following critical précis: “Your bra was sticking out.”I could go on with tales of familial, as well as fraternal and collegial, disinterest and disappointment, not to mention resentment and the occasional frisson linked to artist children and parents, associated with a career that seemingly joins the extremes of narcissism, the temporal and physical limitations mandated by the life cycle of the human body, and the apparent separation from the left-brain activities supported by other fields and disciplines.
Dancing the Animal to Open the Human: For a New Poetics of Locomotion
Authors: Brandstetter Gabriele 
Published: April 2012

Animals have provided a theme and a model for movements in dance from time immemorial. But what image of man do danced animal portrayals reflect? What questions of human identity and crisis do they reveal? Do the bodies of animals provide symbolic material for the ethical, political, and aesthetic questions raised by man's mastery of nature?The exploration of the boundary between man and animal—in myths and sagas, in the earliest records of ritual and art, and in the history of knowledge—is part of the great nature-versus-nurture debate. In the Bible the relationship is clear: Adam, made in the image of God, gives the animals in Paradise their names. In this way he rules over them—but Thomas Aquinas's commentary on this biblical text makes clear that the act of naming animals in Paradise is a step toward man's experiential self-discovery. Since then the hierarchy seems to be beyond doubt. Homo sapien, as the animal significans, is distinguished from other animals by his ability to speak, his upright gait, the use of his hands, and the capacity to use instruments and media—man as what Sigmund Freud called the “prosthetic god” (1966, 44).
Kinesthesia, Empathy, and Related Pleasures: An Inquiry into Audience Experiences of Watching Dance
Authors: Reason Matthew , Reynolds Dee 
Published: April 2012

Dance is frequently described as being “about” movement. “Dance,” writes Ann Daly, “although it has a visual component, is fundamentally a kinesthetic art” (Daly 1992, 243). Audience experiences of dance can therefore be conceptualized in terms of responses to movement, most prominently in terms of what has been described as “kinesthetic empathy.” What does it mean, however, to watch, respond to, or appreciate movement? And how does the historical and theoretical concept of kinesthetic empathy relate to contemporary audiences' articulations of the experience of watching dance?This article sets out to answer these questions by exploring different kinds of kinesthetic and empathetic responses and pleasures (and indeed displeasures) articulated by spectators of live dance across different styles and contexts. Pleasure is of particular importance to audience studies because it relates to motivations. Why do people seek out dance performances to watch? What are they looking for in the experience? In this context, we are interested in kinesthetic empathy as a mode of engaging with dance that can give pleasure to spectators and can be a strong motivating factor in why people choose to watch dance.
We Dance for Knowledge
Authors: Rowe Sharon Māhealani 
Published: April 2012

Every year, for hundreds of thousands of tourists, seeing “real Hawaiian hula” in a hotel or in a packaged lū'au setting is standard fare. Commonplace too is receiving one's introduction to hula through any of the many competitions that take place annually in Hawai'i and, with increasing frequency, throughout the world. Still others find hula marketed for its exercise benefits, peddled as the latest fitness fad in gyms and malls across the country. But is hula the allure of exotic dancers evoking prurient responses from tourists, one moment tantalized by undulating hips only to be teasingly chastised the next to “keep your eyes on the hands”? Is it the crisp, impeccably synchronized movement danced before panels of judges at the several hula competitions that mark the year for many hula hālau? Is hula the movement, the meaning conveyed through the movement, or the full context out of which movement casts itself into an art form that inspires passion and perpetuates a traditional way of living?For Mary Kawena Pukui, credited with helping to bring the rich traditional context of hula into the present, hula is “a general name for many types of Hawaiian folk dances” (1942/1980, 70). Pukui's laconic description says everything, and nothing. Everything because hula is the unique dance of the Hawaiian people. Everything because despite the homogenizing influence of hula competition, which has brought only a limited range of the vast hula repertoire to the public's attention over the past thirty-five years, hula encompasses many different styles and types of dances. But it says nothing because hula simply cannot be reduced to Hawaiian folk dance. Hula is a moving encyclopedia inscribed into the sinews and postures of dancers' bodies. It carries forward the social and natural history, the religious beliefs, the philosophy, the literature, and the scientific knowledge of the Hawaiian people.
Salsa Dance and the Transformation of Style: An Ethnographic Study of Movement and Meaning in a Cross-Cultural Context
Authors: Bosse Joanna 
Published: April 2012

Over the last century perennial surges in the popularity of Latin American couple dance genres such as tango and rumba in the United States have served as lightning rods for debate on issues of morality, performance, and identity. These “crazes” have fueled the collective American imagination, reinforcing a type of Latin American exotica that prevailed throughout the twentieth century and into the next. Consequently, they have also fostered an entirely new style of performance as white Americans borrowed—or perhaps better stated, appropriated—these genres for their own. For instance, the two styles of tango performed by ballroom dancers today, some one hundred years after its introduction to American audiences in theaters and exhibition performances, is sufficiently distant from its Argentine roots to be considered an entirely different dance employing different movements, rhythms, and musical accompaniment.This article explores this particular brand of cross-cultural borrowing through an ethnographic accounting of a salsa dance formation team in central Illinois. Salsa is the latest of the Latin dance crazes, and since the earl. 1990. the genre has experienced increased attention from mainstream American audiences who have invested significant resources in order to learn to dance salsa. Formation teams are presentational performance ensembles, in this case combining salsa; ballroom; and staged, theatrical dance, and generally draw their enthusiasts from ballroom dance circles.