bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismic design and hybrid tests of a full‐scale three‐story buckling‐restrained braced frame using welded end connections and thin profile
Authors: Lin Pao‐Chun , Tsai Keh‐Chyuan , Wang Kung‐Juin , Yu Yi‐Jer , Wei Chih‐Yu , Wu An‐Chien , Tsai Ching‐Yi , Lin Chih‐Han , Chen Jia‐Chian , Schellenberg Andreas H. , Mahin Stephen A. , Roeder Charles W. 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYA series of hybrid and cyclic loading tests were conducted on a three‐story single‐bay full‐scale buckling‐restrained braced frame (BRBF) at the Taiwan National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering in 2010. Six buckling‐restrained braces (BRBs) including two thin BRBs and four end‐slotted BRBs, all using welded end connection details, were installed in the frame specimen. The BRBF was designed to sustain a design basis earthquake in Los Angeles. In the first hybrid test, the maximum inter‐story drift reached nearly 0.030 rad in the second story and one of the thin BRBs in the first story locally bulged and fractured subsequently before the test ended. After replacing the BRBs in the first story with a new pair, a second hybrid test with the same but reversed direction ground motion was applied. The maximum inter‐story drifts reached more than 0.030 rad and some cracks were found on the gusset welds in the second story. The frame responses were satisfactorily predicted by both OpenSees and PISA3D analytical models. The cyclic loading test with triangular lateral force distribution was conducted right after the second hybrid test. The maximum inter‐story drift reached 0.032, 0.031, and 0.008 rad for the first to the third story, respectively. This paper then presents the findings on the local bulging failure of the steel casing by using cyclic test results of two thin BRB specimens. It is found that the steel casing bulging resistance can be computed from an equivalent beam model constructed from the steel core plate width and restraining concrete thickness. This paper concludes with the recommendations on the seismic design of thin BRB steel casings against local bulging failure. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An experimental and numerical investigation on the cyclic response of a portal frame pier belonging to an old reinforced concrete viaduct
Authors: Paolacci F. , Giannini R. 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYThis paper deals with the assessment of the seismic response of a portal frame pier belonging to an old reinforced concrete viaduct. A series of tests, consisting of cyclically imposed displacements, were carried out on three 1:4 scale mock‐ups. The objective of the experimental campaign is twofold: (1) identification and evaluation of the local failure mechanisms and (2) calibration of a numerical model including all observed nonlinear phenomena. The experimental results show that the shear strength of the transverse beam and of the beam–column joints characterizes the post‐elastic behavior of the piers. Other phenomena, like bond‐slip and buckling of the longitudinal bars of the columns, typical of old reinforced concrete structures have also been observed. Finally, a numerical model, built in OpenSEES, was calibrated to reproduce in a satisfactory way the experimental results and to provide a reliable tool for the evaluation of the seismic response of the pier. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reproduction of aquatic hyphomycetes at low concentrations of Ca2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+
Authors: Sridhar Kandikere R , Bärlocher Felix 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Maple leaf disks were conditioned in a stream for three weeks and then aerated for 2 d in distilled water to induce fungal sporulation. The release of aquatic hyphomycete spores increased when the water was supplemented with low concentrations of Ca2+ (5 µg/L), Zn2+ (2.5 µg/L), Cu2+ (0.5 µg/L), or Cd2+ (0.125 µg/L). Higher supplement concentrations inhibited sporulation. Over the concentration range used, the sporulation response was generally best described by a quadratic regression, suggesting a biphasic or hormetic response. A similar pattern was found with the number of fungal species as the dependent variable. Anguillospora filiformis and Anguillospora longissima were generally least inhibited by metal supplements, and Ca2+ was the least and Cd2+ the most toxic metal. Combinations of metals had a more severe effect on fungal sporulation than predicted from addition of the effects of the metals in isolation. The biological significance of the hormetic response is unclear; however, acknowledging it is clearly relevant for establishing guidelines or recommendations in toxicology. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:2868–2873. © 2011 SETAC
Estimation of equivalent circuits for induction motors in steady state including mechanical and stray load losses
Authors: Torrent Marcel 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYThis paper presents equivalent circuits for analysing induction motors, including parameters that evaluate the mechanical losses and additional load losses, with the objective of achieving a power balance with all losses included in the equivalent circuit parameters. The different options of the circuits are presented, including two resistors that evaluate the losses with three commonly used models: single‐cage, double‐cage and slip‐dependent rotor parameters. Using nonlinear programming techniques, the equivalent circuit parameters were calculated in the different models from rated motor specifications on three induction motors (0.75, 1.5 and 5.5 kW). These motors were tested according to Standard IEC 60034‐2‐1 to compare the mechanical and additional load losses obtained in the proposed equivalent circuits analysis to those obtained according to standard tests. The equivalent circuit was calculated to the manufacturer's data for a four‐pole, 50‐Hz, class B, standard efficiency motors, with rated output power between 0.75 and 200 kW. Finally, a losses study was performed, and the separation of losses to the rated point was obtained for the studied motors. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catchment‐scale estimates of flow path partitioning and water storage based on transit time and runoff modelling
Authors: Soulsby C. , Piegat K. , Seibert J. , Tetzlaff D. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTracer‐derived mean transit times (MTT) and rainfall–runoff modelling were used to explore stream flow generation in 14 Scottish catchments. Both approaches conceptualise the partitioning, storage, and release of water at the catchment scale. The study catchments were predominantly upland and ranged from 0.5 to 1800 km2. Lumped convolution integral models using tracer input–output relationships generally provided well‐constrained MTT estimates using a gamma function as the transit time distribution. These ranged from 60 days to >10 years and are mainly controlled by catchment soil cover and drainage density. The HBV model was calibrated using upper and lower storage layers to conceptualise rapidly responding near‐surface flow paths and slower groundwater contributions to runoff. Calibrated parameters that regulate groundwater recharge and partitioning between the two storages were reasonably well‐identified and correlations with MTTs. The most clearly identified parameters and those with the strongest correlations with MTT and landscape controls (particularly soil cover) were the recession coefficients which control the release of water from the upper and lower storage layers. There was also strong correlation between the ‘dynamic’ storage estimated by HBV and the ‘total’ catchment storage inferred by tracer damping, although the latter was usually two orders of magnitude greater. This is explained by the different storages estimated: while the ‘total’ storage inferred by tracers also includes the passive storage involved in mixing, the model estimates ‘dynamic’ storage from water balance considerations. The former can be interpreted as relating to total porosity, whereas the latter rather corresponds to the drainable porosity. As MTTs for Scottish the uplands can be estimated from catchment characteristics, landscape analysis can be used to constrain sensitive model parameters when modelling in ungauged basins. Furthermore, the ‘dynamic’ storage inferred by HBV may also be used to provide a first approximation of minimum total catchment storage. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of antecedent soil moisture on hydraulic conductivity in a series of texture‐contrast soils
Authors: Hardie Marcus A. , Doyle Richard B. , Cotching William E. , Mattern Kathrin , Lisson Shaun 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAntecedent soil moisture significantly influenced the hydraulic conductivity of the A1, A2e and B21 horizons in a series of strong texture‐contrast soils. Tension infiltration at six supply potentials demonstrated that in the A1 horizon, hydraulic conductivity was significantly lower in the ‘wet’ treatment than in the ‘dry’ treatment. However in the A2e horizon, micropore and mesopore hydraulic conductivity was lower in the ‘dry’ treatment than the ‘wet’ treatment, which was attributed to the precipitation of soluble amorphous silica. In the B21 horizon, desiccation of vertic clays resulted in the formation of shrinkage cracks which significantly increased near‐saturated hydraulic conductivity and prevented the development of subsurface lateral flow in the ‘dry’ treatment. In the ‘wet’ treatment, the difference between the hydraulic conductivity of the A1 and B21 horizons was reduced; however, lateral flow still occurred in the A1 horizon due to difficulty displacing existing soil water further down the soil profile. Results demonstrate the need to account for temporal variation in soil porosity and hydraulic conductivity in soil‐water model conceptualisation and parameterisation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anti‐tumor activity of a B‐cell receptor‐targeted peptide in a novel disseminated lymphoma xenograft model
Authors: Wehr Claudia , Müller Fabian , Schüler Julia , Tomann Tina , Nitschke Claudia , Seismann Henning , Spillner Edzard , Klingner Kerstin , Schneider‐Merck Tanja , Binder Mascha , Fiebig Heinz‐Herbert , Mertelsmann Roland , Trepel Martin 
Published: September 2011

AbstractReceptor‐targeted therapies have become standard in the treatment of various lymphomas. In view of its unparalleled specificity for the malignant B‐cell clone, the B‐cell receptor (BCR) on B cell lymphoma cells is a potential therapeutic target. We have used two BCR epitope mimicking peptides binding to the Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines CA46 and SUP‐B8. We proved their functionality by demonstrating calcium flux and BCR‐mediated endocytosis upon peptide receptor binding. Toxicity experiments in vitro
via cross‐linking of the BCR with tetramerized epitope mimics lead to apoptosis in both cell lines but was far more effective in SUP‐B8 cells. We established a SUP‐B8‐based disseminated Burkitt's lymphoma model in NOD/SCID mice. Treatment of tumor‐bearing mice with tetramerized epitope mimics had significant anti‐tumor effects in vivo. We conclude that peptide‐mediated, BCR‐targeted therapy is a promising approach which may be explored and further developed for application in highly aggressive lymphoma.
ASSESSMENT OF IRRIGATION SYSTEM PERFORMANCE IN SOUTH‐WESTERN BURKINA FASO
Authors: Dembele Youssouf , Yacouba Hamma , Keïta Amadou , Sally Hilmy 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTA methodology for assessing irrigation system performance was developed by the then International Irrigation Management Institute (IIMI, now IWMI) in the 1990s in Burkina Faso. It was applied successfully to small‐scale reservoir‐based irrigation schemes (50–150 ha). The current study was carried out on two larger river‐diversion irrigation systems in the south‐west of the country, namely Vallée du Kou (1200 ha) and Karfiguéla (350 ha), in order to analyse and verify:

the applicability of the methodology to large‐scale river‐diversion schemes with more complex hydraulic networks and greater economic activities;
the relevance of the performance indicators used and the constraints pertaining to the acquisition of the basic data required for their determination;
the scope for adoption and application of the methodology by farmers' organizations for routine performance monitoring.The methodology seems well suited for large‐scale irrigation systems, but its adoption by farmers' organizations has to be facilitated and accompanied by adequate training and the close involvement of the system managers. The indicators requiring the manipulation of a few physical elements can be determined relatively easily. Those involving water measurements are more difficult to calculate. The study makes a critical analysis of some indicators and demonstrates the evidence of the necessity to select among the indicators with regard to the irrigation system context. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of an “early warning” sensor for encrustation of urinary catheters following Proteus infection
Authors: Malic Sladjana , Waters Mark G. J. , Basil Leo , Stickler David J. , Williams David W. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBiofilm formation in long‐term urinary catheterized patients can lead to encrustation and blockage of urinary catheters with serious clinical complication. Catheter encrustation stems from infection with urease‐producing bacteria, particularly Proteus mirabilis. Urease generates ammonia from urea, and the elevated pH of the urine results in crystallization of calcium and magnesium phosphates, which block the flow of urine. The aim of this research is to develop an “early warning” silicone sensor for catheter encrustation following bacterial infection of an in vitro bladder model system. The in vitro bladder model was infected with a range of urease positive and negative bacterial strains. Developed sensors enabled catheter blockage to be predicted ∼17–24 h in advance of its occurrence. Signaling only occurred following infection with urease positive bacteria and only when catheter blockage followed. In summary, sensors were developed that could predict urinary catheter blockage in in vitro infection models. Translation of these sensors to a clinical environment will allow the timely and appropriate management of catheter blockage in long‐term catheterized patients. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Biomimetic mineralization of dentin induced by agarose gel loaded with calcium phosphate
Authors: Ning Tian‐Yun , Xu Xiao‐Hui , Zhu Li‐Fang , Zhu Xiao‐Peng , Chu Chun Hung , Liu Lai‐Kui , Li Quan‐Li 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA novel biomimetic mineralization system was designed to induce a layer of hydroxyapatite on a demineralized dentin surface. This system was constructed as follows. A layer of 0.5% agarose gel containing 0.26M Na2HPO4 was used to cover acid‐etched dentin slices, followed by a layer of agarose gel without phosphate ions. Then a neutral 0.13M CaCl2 solution was added onto the ion‐free gel surface. The mineralization system (dentin‐agarose gel containing phosphate ions‐CaCl2 solution) was kept in a water bath at 37°C, and the gel and CaCl2 solution were replaced at various intervals. The results showed that the deposited hydroxyapatite crystals densely packed to each other, completely covered the dentin surface, and occluded the dentinal tubules after 10 days of biomimetic mineralization in vitro. Therefore, this method may provide the experimental basis for dentin remineralization and for a new method to treat dentin hypersensitivity and dental caries. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Rapidly increasing rates of hip fracture in Beijing, China
Authors: Xia Wei-Bo , He Shu-Li , Xu Ling , Liu Ai-Ming , Jiang Yan , Li Mei , Wang Ou , Xing Xiao-Ping , Sun Yue , Cummings Steven R. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The age-specific rates of hip fractures have been declining in most countries in the West but a few studies suggest that the rates might be increasing in areas of Asia that are undergoing urbanization. We previously conducted a population-based study of hip fracture rates in Beijing, China, in 1990 to 1992 that included validation of hip fracture cases. Using a similar approach to validate cases, we estimated the age-specific hip fracture rates in Beijing, China, for 2002 to 2006. Specifically, we obtained hospital discharge data for hip fractures that were reported to the Beijing Bureau of Public Health. To confirm the diagnoses, Beijing residence, and find cases missed by the public records we checked individual cases in the public health records against medical records in a random sample of Beijing hospitals. The rates from public health data were adjusted for these under- and overestimations. We found that between 1990 and 1992 and 2002 and 2006, the adjusted age-specific rates of hip fracture over age 50 years increased 2.76-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.68–2.84) in women and 1.61-fold (95% CI, 1.56–1.66) in men. Over age 70 years, the age-specific rates increased 3.37-fold (95% CI, 3.28–3.47) in women and 2.01-fold (95% CI, 1.95–2.07) in men. From 2002 to 2006, the rates over age 50 years increased 58% in women and 49% in men. We conclude that the rate of hip fracture has been rising very rapidly in Beijing, China. Therefore, the burden of hip fractures may be shifting rapidly from the West to urbanizing areas of the East. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Critical evaluation of the use of cell cultures for inclusion in clinical trials of patients affected by collagen VI myopathies
Authors: Sabatelli P. , Palma E. , Angelin A. , Squarzoni S. , Urciuolo A. , Pellegrini C. , Tiepolo T. , Bonaldo P. , Gualandi F. , Merlini L. , Bernardi P. , Maraldi N.M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCollagen VI myopathies (Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy (UCMD), Bethlem myopathy (BM), and myosclerosis myopathy) share a common pathogenesis, that is, mitochondrial dysfunction due to deregulation of the permeability transition pore (PTP). This effect was first identified in the Col6a1−/− mouse model and then in muscle cell cultures from UCMD and BM patients; the normalizing effect of cyclosporin A (CsA) confirmed the pathogenic role of PTP opening. In order to determine whether mitochondrial performance can be used as a criterion for inclusion in clinical trials and as an outcome measure of the patient response to therapy, it is mandatory to establish whether mitochondrial dysfunction is conserved in primary cell cultures from UCMD and BM patients. In this study we report evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction and the consequent increase of apoptotic rate can be detected not only, as previously reported, in muscle, but also in fibroblast cell cultures established from muscle biopsies of collagen VI‐related myopathic patients. However, the mitochondrial phenotype is no longer maintained after nine passages in culture. These data demonstrate that the dire consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction are not limited to myogenic cells, and that this parameter can be used as a suitable diagnostic criterion, provided that the cell culture conditions are carefully established. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 2927–2935, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of vascular endothelial growth factor gene transfer on infarct size, left ventricular function and myocardial perfusion in sheep after 2 months of coronary artery occlusion
Authors: Vera Janavel Gustavo L. , De Lorenzi Andrea , Cortés Claudia , Olea Fernanda D. , Cabeza Meckert Patricia , Bercovich Andrés , Criscuolo Marcelo , Laguens Rubén , Crottogini Alberto 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundIn large mammalian models of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), plasmid‐mediated vascular endothelial growth factor (pVEGF) gene transfer has been shown to induce angio‐arteriogenesis, proliferation of myocyte precursors and adult cardiomyocyte mitosis, reducing infarct size at 15 days after coronary artery occlusion. However, it is unknown whether these effects persist at longer follow‐up times, nor how they affect cardiac performance. We thus assessed infarct size, left ventricular (LV) function and perfusion in 2‐month‐old ovine AMI.MethodsAdult sheep with coronary artery occlusion were randomized to blindly receive ten intramyocardial injections of 3.8 mg of pVEGF or empty plasmid distributed at the infarct border. Three and 60 days later, LV perfusion (single‐photon emission computed tomography) and function (stress echocardiography) were assessed. Finally, hemodynamics (LV catheterization), scar size and peri‐infarct histology were studied.ResultsInfarct size was 30% smaller in pVEGF‐treated sheep (23.6 ± 1.9% versus 32.7 ± 2.7% of the LV; p < 0.02). Percentage fractional shortening and wall thickening at the infarct border improved after pVEGF, as did myocardial perfusion and LV wall motion under pharmacological stress. Global LV function did not differ between groups, although the force‐frequency response was preserved in pVEGF group and lost in placebo animals. These effects were associated with angio‐arteriogenesis and proliferation of cardiomyocyte precursors.ConclusionsIn sheep with AMI, pVEGF gene transfer affords long‐term infarct size reduction, yielding regional LV function and perfusion improvement and reducing remodeling progression. These results suggest the potential usefulness of this approach in the clinical setting. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementation of a continuous admission model reduces the length of stay of patients on an internal medicine clinical teaching unit
Authors: Szecket Nicolas , Wong Hannah J. , Wu Robert C. , Berman Hershl D. , Morra Dante 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Optimizing hospital operations is a critical issue facing healthcare systems. Reducing unnecessary variation in patient flow is likely to improve efficiency and optimize capacity for hospital inpatients. The objective of this study was to determine whether changing admissions, from a “bolus” system to a “drip” system, would result in a smoothed daily discharge rate, and reduce the length of stay of patients on a General Internal Medicine clinical teaching unit over a period of 1 year.METHODS:We conducted a retrospective analysis of the General Internal Medicine inpatient service at Toronto General Hospital for the 6‐month periods from March to August during 2 consecutive years. Length of stay distributions and daily discharge rate variations were compared between the 2 study periods.RESULTS:There were a total of 2734 discharges, 1446 occurring in the pre‐change period, and 1288 in the post‐change period. There was overall smoothing of the daily discharge rates, and a reduction of 0.3 days in median length of stay in the post‐change period (P = 0.0065).CONCLUSIONS:Restructuring the admission system to achieve constant daily admissions to each care team resulted in a smoothing of daily discharge rates and improved operational efficiency with shorter lengths of stay. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2011;. © 2011 Society of Hospital Medicine.