bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Präklinische Blutgasanalyse im Einsatz – eine Fallserie
Authors: Engelen Christian , Fessele Klaus , Hübner Tobias , Knappen Niclas , Hennig Luca , Grautoff Steffen 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Blutgasanalyse gehört zu den diagnostischen Standardverfahren in der Klinik. Wie die Sonografie kann die Methode durch mobile Geräte zunehmend auch außerklinisch eingesetzt werden. Die langjährige Erfahrung bei der Versorgung schwer erkrankter und verletzter Patient*innen lässt den Einsatz in der präklinischen Notfallversorgung sinnvoll erscheinen. Die hier vorgestellten Fälle zeigen, wie durch den präklinischen Einsatz der Blutgasanalyse bei ausgewählten Symptomkomplexen und Krankheitsbildern wichtige Erkenntnisse über den Zustand der Patient*innen gewonnen und therapeutische und organisatorische Konsequenzen für die weitere Versorgung gezogen werden konnten.
Organocatalytic Fischer Indolization Using the 2,2′-Biphenol/ B(OH)3 System
Authors: Sugimoto Kenji , Matsuya Yuji , Wada Yusei , Kitamura Fumino 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAn organocatalyzed Fischer indolization is established by combining 2,2′-biphenol (10 mol%) and B(OH)3 (30 mol%) as weak, readily available, and easy-to-handle acids. The inclusion of MgSO4, which efficiently scavenges NH3 (a possible acid catalyst poison), appears to be key to the success of this process. The corresponding indoles are obtained in yields of up to 91% using this method.y
Influence of Osteoporosis on the Course of Apical Periodontitis
Authors: Stanev Evgeni , Vasileva Radosveta Ivanova 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOsteoporosis is a disease characterized by disruption of the bone microarchitecture. It is observed in both sexes, but to a greater extent in women. It affects the whole body, including the jaws. The main indicator of the presence of osteoporosis accepted by the World Health Organization is bone mineral density. The aim of this article is to find data on the influence of osteoporosis on apical periodontitis, to investigate how the intake of osteoporosis drugs affects apical periodontitis, and to establish various data that may be of benefit to the dental practitioner when treating patients with osteoporosis and apical periodontitis. Open-access publications are included. The presence of osteoporosis is important to the dentist. Apical periodontitis in these patients has a faster progression. They are characterized by inflammation and destruction of the tissues located around the tooth root. Osteoporosis has a destructive effect on bone tissue through different mechanisms: nuclear factor-κβ ligand and NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β cascade. It is also associated with low estrogen levels. Various medications such as corticosteroids, bisphosphonates (alendronate, zoledronate (Zoledronic acid), calcitonin, raloxifene, and strontium used to treat osteoporosis can affect the course of apical periodontitis. When treating patients with periapical lesions, the dentist must take a proper medical history and general medical history. In cases of osteoporosis or taking bisphosphonates and other medications, consideration should be given to whether consultation with a specialist is necessary, what treatment approach would be most appropriate, and what the prognosis will be. Chronic diseases affect both the general state of the body and dental health. It has been found that in patients with osteoporosis, inflammation of the apical periodontium develops with faster bone resorption. Before starting dental treatment, it is important to specify the etiology of osteoporosis, the bone density of each patient, as well as the medications they are taking.
Updates in Management of Large Hemispheric Infarct
Authors: Ong Charlene J. , Chatzidakis Stefanos , Ong Jimmy J. , Feske Steven 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis review delves into updates in management of large hemispheric infarction (LHI), a condition affecting up to 10% of patients with supratentorial strokes. While traditional management paradigms have endured, recent strides in research have revolutionized the approach to acute therapies, monitoring, and treatment. Notably, advancements in triage methodologies and the application of both pharmacological and mechanical abortive procedures have reshaped the acute care trajectory for patients with LHI. Moreover, ongoing endeavors have sought to refine strategies for the optimal surveillance and mitigation of complications, notably space-occupying mass effect, which can ensue in the aftermath of LHI. By amalgamating contemporary guidelines with cutting-edge clinical trial findings, this review offers a comprehensive exploration of the current landscape of acute and ongoing patient care for LHI, illuminating the evolving strategies that underpin effective management in this critical clinical domain.
Voice onset time in Angami
Authors: Terhiija Viyazonuo , Sarmah Priyankoo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAngami has three-way laryngeal contrasts in stops, i.e., voiced, voiceless unaspirated, and voiceless aspirated. Apart from that, Angami also has four phonetically level tones. Due to the level nature of the lexical tones in Angami, consonantal perturbations could be investigated clearly. The results of the study showed that the extent of consonantal perturbation depended on the tonal categories. Voiceless consonantal perturbations were weaker as tone categories got higher. Conversely, voiced stop consonantal perturbations were weaker as tone categories got lower. This study also found a systematic relationship between tone height and VOT duration. High tones induced shorter VOT, while low tones induced longer VOT.
Critical behaviors of van der Waals itinerant ferromagnet Fe3.8GaTe2
Authors: Yao Tianyang , Qubie W L , Kumar Pushpendra , Bai Xu , Hu Shixin , Xue Desheng , Zhang Junli 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The critical behavior of the van der Waals ferromagnet Fe3.8GaTe2 was systematically studied through measurements of isothermal magnetization, with the magnetic field applied along the c-axis. Fe3.8GaTe2 undergoes a non-continuous paramagnetic to ferromagnetic phase transition at the Curie temperature T
c ∼ 355 K. A comprehensive analysis of isotherms around T
c utilizing the modified Arrott diagram, the Kouvel–Fisher method, the Widom scaling law, and the critical isotherm analysis yielded the critical exponent of β= 0.411, γ = 1.246, and δ = 3.99. These critical exponents are found to be self-consistent and align well with the scaling equation at high magnetic fields, underscoring the reliability and intrinsic nature of these parameters. However, the low-field data deviates from the scaling relation, exhibiting a vertical trend when T < T
c. This discrepancy suggests the occurrence of a first-order phase transition in the crystal under a low magnetic field when T< T
c. Mössbauer spectra were employed to provide insights into the critical behaviors of magnetic moments at different sites, including (Fe1)A, (Fe1)B, and Fe2. The results are consistent with the isothermal magnetization analysis. Additionally, the renormalization group theory analysis reveals that the spin coupling within the Fe3.8GaTe2 crystal follows the three-dimensional Heisenberg ({d:n} = {3:3}) type with long-range magnetic and exchange interaction decays with a distance as J(r) ≈ r
−4.80.
An overview of the preparation and implementation of the safety case in support of the 2nd JET deuterium–tritium experiment
Authors: Johnston Jane , Perry David ,   the JET Contributors
Published: May 2024

Abstract
An overview of the preparation and implementation of the JET 2nd deuterium-tritium experiment (DTE2) safety case is presented. The safety case regime, developed by UKAEA for fusion applications to demonstrate compliance with relevant regulations, and its implementation on UKAEA sites is outlined. The hazard assessment process and details of the methodology applied to assess key JET fault scenarios are provided. An outline of key inventories, their composition, and applied factors for consequence and risk assessment are discussed. The consequences resulting from key fault sequences, the designation of appropriate safety measures and the associated risks are summarised and compared against basic safety limits and objectives. Finally, some of the lessons learned from DTE2 following implementation are discussed.
Modeling and parameter identification of rate-dependent hysteresis behavior based on modified-generalized Prandtl–Ishlinskii model
Authors: Zhu Ruina , Liu Lu , Wu Yuhang , Chen Huan , Lou Weimin , Yang Peng , Kong Ming 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The intrinsic characteristic of piezoelectric actuators (PEA), known as hysteresis, has been demonstrated to diminish the capability and stability of the system significantly. This paper proposes a modified-generalized Prandtl–Ishlinskii (MGPI) model to describe the rate-dependent hysteresis in piezoelectric actuators. The developed model incorporates a voltage change rate function to replace the first part of the generalized Prandtl–Ishlinskii (GPI) model. Additionally, the model integrates the cubic polynomial into the envelope function, along with the dynamic thresholds and weights. When describing the hysteresis of the piezoelectric actuator (PEA), the model parameters are identified using the Improved Grey Wolf Optimizer (IGWO) algorithm. To prevent the algorithm from getting trapped in local optima, the cubic chaotic mapping is utilized for population initialization, as well as a nonlinear convergence factor, and the Levy flight strategy factor is introduced to update the Wolf pack’s position. The rate-dependent hysteresis behavior of a PEA under excitation in the 1–200 Hz frequency range was experimentally measured. The measured data were used to demonstrate the validity of the proposed MGPI model. The relative root-mean-square error and the relative maximum error of the MGPI model are 1.41% and 6.00%, respectively, which are lower than those of the GPI model, which are 3.15% and 10.58%. Under the composite frequency driving, the outputs of the GPI model and MGPI model were compared with the measured data of the PEA, the results suggest that the MGPI model and the IGWO algorithm can more accurately describe the rate-dependent hysteresis of the piezoelectric actuators.
Derivation of standard quantum theory via state discrimination
Authors: Arai Hayato , Hayashi Masahito 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
It is a key issue to characterize the model of standard quantum theory out of general models by an operational condition. The framework of general probabilistic theories (GPTs) is a new information theoretical approach to single out standard quantum theory. It is known that traditional properties, for example, Bell-CHSH inequality, are not sufficient to single out standard quantum theory among possible models in GPTs. As a more precise property, we focus on the bound of the performance for an information task called state discrimination in general models. We give an equivalent condition for outperforming the minimum discrimination error probability under the standard quantum theory given by the trace norm. Besides, by applying the equivalent condition, we characterize standard quantum theory out of general models in GPTs by the bound of the performance for state discrimination.
Deep learning-assisted common temperature measurement based on visible light imaging
Authors: Zhu 朱 Jia-Yi 佳仪 , He 何 Zhi-Min 志民 , Huang 黄 Cheng 成 , Zeng 曾 Jun 峻 , Lin 林 Hui-Chuan 惠川 , Chen 陈 Fu-Chang 福昌 , Yu 余 Chao-Qun 超群 , Li 李 Yan 燕 , Zhang 张 Yong-Tao 永涛 , Chen 陈 Huan-Ting 焕庭 , Pu 蒲 Ji-Xiong 继雄 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Real-time, contact-free temperature monitoring of low to medium range (30 °C–150 °C) has been extensively used in industry and agriculture, which is usually realized by costly infrared temperature detection methods. This paper proposes an alternative approach of extracting temperature information in real time from the visible light images of the monitoring target using a convolutional neural network (CNN). A mean-square error of < 1.119 °C was reached in the temperature measurements of low to medium range using the CNN and the visible light images. Imaging angle and imaging distance do not affect the temperature detection using visible optical images by the CNN. Moreover, the CNN has a certain illuminance generalization ability capable of detection temperature information from the images which were collected under different illuminance and were not used for training. Compared to the conventional machine learning algorithms mentioned in the recent literatures, this real-time, contact-free temperature measurement approach that does not require any further image processing operations facilitates temperature monitoring applications in the industrial and civil fields.
Predictive modeling of NSTX discharges with the updated multi-mode anomalous transport module
Authors: Rafiq T. , Wilson C. , Clauser C. , Schuster E. , Weiland J. , Anderson J. , Kaye S.M. , Pankin A. , LeBlanc B.P. , Bell R.E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The objective of this study is twofold: firstly, to demonstrate the consistency between the anomalous transport results produced by updated Multi-Mode Model (MMM) version 9.0.4 and those obtained through gyrokinetic simulations; and secondly, to showcase MMM’s ability to predict electron and ion temperature profiles in low aspect ratio, high beta NSTX discharges. MMM encompasses a range of transport mechanisms driven by electron and ion temperature gradients, trapped electrons, kinetic ballooning, peeling, microtearing, and drift resistive inertial ballooning modes. These modes within MMM are being verified through corresponding gyrokinetic results. The modes that potentially contribute to ion thermal transport are stable in MMM, aligning with both experimental data and findings from linear CGYRO simulations. The isotope effects on these modes are also studied and higher mass is found to be stabilizing, consistent with the experimental trend. The electron thermal power across the flux surface is computed within MMM and compared to experimental measurements and nonlinear CGYRO simulation results. Specifically, the electron temperature gradient modes (ETGM) within MMM account for 2.0 MW of thermal power, consistent with experimental findings. It is noteworthy that the ETGM model requires approximately 5.0 ms of computation time on a standard desktop, while nonlinear CGYRO simulations necessitate 8.0 h on 8 K cores. MMM proves to be highly computationally efficient, a crucial attribute for various applications, including real-time control, tokamak scenario optimization, and uncertainty quantification of experimental data.
Influence mechanism of lithium surface oxidation on neutron yield of lithium target for accelerator-based neutron source
Authors: Wang Jie , Sun Qiuyu , Yang Yifan , Si Qingyu , Wu Tao , Jiang Quanxu , Wang Sheng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Lithium is generally adopted as the target to generate
epithermal neutrons based on 7Li(p,n)7Be nuclear reaction
for the application of accelerator-based boron neutron capture
therapy (AB-BNCT). The stability of neutron yields and neutron
energy spectrum are key factors for the therapeutic effects of the
AB-BNCT. Owing to the active chemical properties of lithium, the
surface oxidation formation of lithium may influence the soundness
of the target system and the stability of neutron
yields. Experimental and simulation methods were performed for a
better understanding of the passivation layer formation after air
exposure and the influence of the passivation layer on the neutron
yield and energy spectrum. On one hand, X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy was adopted to study the chemical states of lithium
after air exposure. On the other hand, particle and heavy ion
transport code system (PHITS) was used to evaluate the effect of
surface chemical states variation on neutron yield and energy
spectrum. The simulation results indicate that the formation of
Li2O with a thickness of 2 μm could mainly influence the
neutron yields at the neutron emission angle of 20–90°
with a maximum reduction of ∼ 10.4%.
Novel design of a personnel protection system for large particle accelerators: balancing safety, reliability, and cost
Authors: Ma Yinglin , Shi Hongmei , Zhang Huijie , Wang Yao , Wang Yufei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
As the primary safety protection system for particle accelerators, the Personnel Protection System (PPS) not only prioritizes safety but also recognizes the importance of system reliability to ensure the stable operation of the accelerator and foster trust among system stakeholders. When designing the PPS, a distinction can be made between critical safety functions and common functions. There are at least three critical safety functions: firstly, ensuring that personnel are prohibited from accessing the tunnel during accelerator operation; secondly, preventing accelerator activation in the presence of personnel within the tunnel; and thirdly, enabling prompt termination of accelerator operations during emergency situations. To meet the demanding safety integrity level requirement of SIL3, multiple layers of defense and safety redundancy are employed. In order to mitigate the potential risks arising from human errors, significant emphasis is placed on improving the automation and intelligence of the system. This research focuses on the development of a comprehensive novel system that incorporates multiple defense mechanisms to meet the stringent safety and reliability demands of large particle accelerators represented by High Energy Proton Source (HEPS). It designs novel local optimization schemes, including the semi-redundant control system, zero-count interlock, intelligent search and secure, and electromagnetic control key, among others. These pioneering approaches are seamlessly integrated into the comprehensive system, effectively enhancing its capabilities and overall efficiency. Furthermore, this study conducts an analysis of the reliability of interlocking equipment, employing measures such as hierarchical DC power, parallel redundancy, and optimized signal processing to enhance its overall reliability. Finally, a method for determining the Safety Integrity Level (SIL) and assessing the reliability of PPS is developed, and the system's performance is validated.
A xenogeneic extracellular matrix-based 3D printing scaffold modified by ceria nanoparticles for craniomaxillofacial hard tissue regeneration via osteo-immunomodulation
Authors: Chen Jiahao , Huang Yibing , Tang Huilin , Qiao Xiangchen , Sima Xiutian , Guo Weihua 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Hard tissue engineering scaffolds especially 3D printed scaffolds were considered an excellent strategy for craniomaxillofacial hard tissue regeneration, involving crania and facial bones and teeth. Porcine treated dentin matrix (pTDM) as xenogeneic extracellular matrix has the potential to promote the stem cell differentiation and mineralization as it contains plenty of bioactive factors similar with human-derived dentin tissue. However, its application might be impeded by the foreign body response induced by the damage-associated molecular patterns of pTDM, which would cause strong inflammation and hinder the regeneration. Ceria nanoparticles (CNPs) show a great promise at protecting tissue from oxidative stress and influence the macrophages polarization. Using 3D-bioprinting technology, we fabricated a xenogeneic hard tissue scaffold based on pTDM xenogeneic TDM-polycaprolactone (xTDM/PCL) and we modified the scaffolds by CNPs (xTDM/PCL/CNPs). Through series of in vitro verification, we found xTDM/PCL/CNPs scaffolds held promise at up-regulating the expression of osteogenesis and odontogenesis related genes including collagen type 1, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), bone morphogenetic protein-2, osteoprotegerin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and DMP1 and inducing macrophages to polarize to M2 phenotype. Regeneration of bone tissues was further evaluated in rats by conducting the models of mandibular and skull bone defects. The in vivo evaluation showed that xTDM/PCL/CNPs scaffolds could promote the bone tissue regeneration by up-regulating the expression of osteogenic genes involving ALP, RUNX2 and bone sialoprotein 2 and macrophage polarization into M2. Regeneration of teeth evaluated on beagles demonstrated that xTDM/PCL/CNPs scaffolds expedited the calcification inside the scaffolds and helped form periodontal ligament-like tissues surrounding the scaffolds.
Shaking a container full of perfect liquid; a tractable case, a torus shell, exhibits a virtual wall
Authors: Hannay J H 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Manipulation (‘shaking’) of a rigid container filled with incompressible liquid starting from stationary generally results in some displacement, or mixing, of the liquid within it. If the liquid also has zero viscosity, a ‘perfect’ or ‘Euler’ liquid, Kelvin’s theorems dramatically simplify the flow analysis. Response is instantaneous; stop the container and all liquid motion stops. In fact an arbitrary manipulation can be considered as alternating infinitesimal translations and rotations of the container. Relative to the container, the liquid is stationary during every translation. Infinitesimal rotations (an infinitesimal vector along the rotation axis) resolve into three orthogonal components in the container frame. Each generates its own infinitesimal liquid displacement vector field. Their combined consequences are usually obscure. Rather than a volume flow, a surface flow in 3D is considerably easier, the liquid slipping freely in a shell, sandwiched between two nested closed surfaces with constant infinitesimal gap. The closedness avoids extra boundaries. The two dimensionality admits a scalar streamfunction determined by the container angular velocity vector. Manipulation of the container angular velocity at will, usually leads to an infinitely rich variety of area preserving re-configurations of the liquid. In particular, any chosen point of the liquid can be moved, in the shell container frame, to any other chosen point. However, for a torus (shell) with a small enough hole (diameter < 0.195 torus diameter), there exists a virtual wall, a hypothetical axial cylinder intersecting the torus. No matter how the torus is manipulated, liquid inside the cylinder stays inside; outside stays outside. The analysis, solving for the streamfunction, is based on the relative vorticity, and the conformal mapping of a torus to a (periodic) rectangle, which lead to a fairly simple convolution integral formula for the flow.
Dirac walks on regular trees
Authors: Delporte Nicolas , Sen Saswato , Toriumi Reiko 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The study of matter fields on an ensemble of random geometries is a difficult problem still in need of new methods and ideas. We will follow a point of view inspired by probability theory techniques that relies on an expansion of the two point function as a sum over random walks. An analogous expansion for Fermions on non-Euclidean geometries is still lacking. Casiday et al (2022 Linear Multilinear Algebr.
72 325–65) proposed a classical ‘Dirac walk’ diffusing on vertices and edges of an oriented graph with a square root of the graph Laplacian. In contrast to the simple random walk, each step of the walk is given a sign depending on the orientation of the edge it goes through. In a toy model, we propose here to study the Green functions, spectrum and the spectral dimension of such ‘Dirac walks’ on the Bethe lattice, a d-regular tree. The recursive structure of the graph makes the problem exactly solvable. Notably, we find that the spectrum develops a gap and that the spectral dimension of the Dirac walk matches that of the simple random walk (

d
s

=
1

for d = 2 and

d
s

=
3

for

d
⩾
3

).