bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Central Role of RLIP76 in Regulation of Glycemic Control
Authors: Awasthi Sanjay , Singhal Sharad S. , Yadav Sushma , Singhal Jyotsana , Vatsyayan Rit , Zajac Ewa , Luchowski Rafal , Borvak Jozef , Gryczynski Karol , Awasthi Yogesh C. 
Published: December 2009

OBJECTIVE
Pathology associated with oxidative stress frequently results in insulin resistance. Glutathione (GSH) and GSH-linked metabolism is a primary defense against oxidative stress. Electrophilic lipid alkenals, such as 4-hydroxy-t-2-nonenal (4HNE), generated during oxidative stress are metabolized primarily to glutathione electrophile (GS-E) conjugates. Recent studies show that RLIP76 is the primary GS-E conjugate transporter in cells, and a regulator of oxidative-stress response. Because RLIP76−/− mice are hypoglycemic, we studied the role of RLIP76 in insulin resistance.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Blood glucose, insulin, lipid measurements, and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic and hyperglycemic clamp experiments were performed in RLIP76+/+ and RLIP76−/− C57B mice, using Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee–approved protocols. Time-resolved three-dimensional confocal fluorescence microscopy was used to study insulin endocytosis.

RESULTS
The plasma insulin/glucose ratio was ordered RLIP76−/− &lt; RLIP76+/− &lt; RLIP76+/+; administration of purified RLIP76 in proteoliposomes to RLIP76+/+ animals further increased this ratio. RLIP76 was induced by oxidative or hyperglycemic stress; the concomitant increase in insulin endocytosis was completely abrogated by inhibiting the transport activity of RLIP76. Hydrocortisone could transiently correct hypoglycemia in RLIP76−/− animals, despite inhibited activity of key glucocorticoid-regulated hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, in RLIP76−/−.

CONCLUSIONS
The GS-E conjugate transport activity of RLIP76 mediates insulin resistance by enhancing the rate of clathrin-dependent endocytosis of insulin. Because RLIP76 is induced by oxidative stress, it could play a role in insulin resistance seen in pathological conditions characterized by increased oxidative stress.
Insulin Gene Mutations Resulting in Early-Onset Diabetes: Marked Differences in Clinical Presentation, Metabolic Status, and Pathogenic Effect Through Endoplasmic Reticulum Retention
Authors: Meur Gargi , Simon Albane , Harun Nasret , Virally Marie , Dechaume Aurélie , Bonnefond Amélie , Fetita Sabrina , Tarasov Andrei I. , Guillausseau Pierre-Jean , Boesgaard Trine Welløv , Pedersen Oluf , Hansen Torben , Polak Michel , Gautier Jean-François , Froguel Philippe , Rutter Guy A. , Vaxillaire Martine 
Published: December 2009

OBJECTIVE
Heterozygous mutations in the human preproinsulin (INS) gene are a cause of nonsyndromic neonatal or early-infancy diabetes. Here, we sought to identify INS mutations associated with maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) or nonautoimmune diabetes in mid-adult life, and to explore the molecular mechanisms involved.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The INS gene was sequenced in 16 French probands with unexplained MODY, 95 patients with nonautoimmune early-onset diabetes (diagnosed at &lt;35 years) and 292 normoglycemic control subjects of French origin. Three identified insulin mutants were generated by site-directed mutagenesis of cDNA encoding a preproinsulin–green fluorescent protein (GFP) (C-peptide) chimera. Intracellular targeting was assessed in clonal β-cells by immunocytochemistry and proinsulin secretion, by radioimmunoassay. Spliced XBP1 and C/EBP homologous protein were quantitated by real-time PCR.

RESULTS
A novel coding mutation, L30M, potentially affecting insulin multimerization, was identified in five diabetic individuals (diabetes onset 17–36 years) in a single family. L30M preproinsulin-GFP fluorescence largely associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in MIN6 β-cells, and ER exit was inhibited by ∼50%. Two additional mutants, R55C (at the B/C junction) and R6H (in the signal peptide), were normally targeted to secretory granules, but nonetheless caused substantial ER stress.

CONCLUSIONS
We describe three INS mutations cosegregating with early-onset diabetes whose clinical presentation is compatible with MODY. These led to the production of (pre)proinsulin molecules with markedly different trafficking properties and effects on ER stress, demonstrating a range of molecular defects in the β-cell.
Development and Validation of a Questionnaire to Assess Carbohydrate and Insulin-Dosing Knowledge in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Koontz Michaela B. , Cuttler Leona , Palmert Mark R. , O'Riordan MaryAnn , Borawski Elaine A. , McConnell Judy , Kern Elizabeth O. 
Published: December 2009

OBJECTIVE
The American Diabetes Association advocates insulin regimens for youth with type 1 diabetes that involve adjusting insulin dose based on carbohydrate intake and blood glucose level. Implementing these regimens requires knowledge about carbohydrate content of foods and subsequent calculations of insulin dose, skills that may be difficult to gauge in practice. Therefore, we sought to develop and validate a questionnaire, the PedCarbQuiz (PCQ), to assess carbohydrate and insulin-dosing knowledge in youth with type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
After development by an expert panel, the PCQ was administered to 75 youth with type 1 diabetes or their parents. Reliability was assessed by Cronbach α and split-half testing. To assess validity, scores were correlated with A1C, expert assessments, parent educational level, and complexity of insulin regimen.

RESULTS
PCQ mean score was 87 ± 9.7% (range 42–98%). Cronbach α was 0.88, and correlation of split halves was 0.59 (P &lt; 0.0001). Higher PCQ scores correlated significantly with lower A1C (r = −0.29, P = 0.01) and expert assessments (r = 0.56, P &lt; 0.001). Scores were significantly higher in parents with college degrees than in those without (P = 0.01) and in participants with more complex insulin regimens (P = 0.003).

CONCLUSIONS
The PCQ is a novel, easily administered instrument to assess knowledge about carbohydrates and insulin dosing calculations. Initial analyses support the reliability and validity of the PCQ.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in an Estimated Measure of Insulin Resistance Among Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Danielson Kirstie K. , Drum Melinda L. , Estrada Carmela L. , Lipton Rebecca B. 
Published: December 2009

OBJECTIVE
Insulin resistance is greater in racial/ethnic minorities than in non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) for those with and without type 2 diabetes. Because previous research on insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes was limited to NHWs, racial/ethnic variation in an estimated measure of insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes was determined.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The sample included 79 individuals with type 1 diabetes diagnosed at age &lt;18 years (32.9% NHWs, 46.8% non-Hispanic black [NHB], 7.6% other/mixed, and 12.7% Hispanic) and their families. Estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) (milligrams per kilogram per minute; a lower eGDR indicates greater insulin resistance) was calculated using A1C, waist circumference, and hypertension status.

RESULTS
Mean current age was 13.5 years (range 3.2–32.5) and diabetes duration was 5.7 years (0.1–19.9). eGDR was inversely associated with age. Compared with that in NHWs, age-adjusted eGDR was significantly lower among nonwhites (NHB, other/mixed, and Hispanic: Δ = −1.83, P = 0.0006). Age-adjusted eGDR was negatively associated with body fat, triglycerides, urinary albumin/creatinine, acanthosis nigricans, parental obesity, and parental insulin resistance and positively related to HDL and sex hormone–binding globulin. In multivariable analysis, lower eGDR was significantly associated with older age, nonwhite race/ethnicity, acanthosis, and lower HDL.

CONCLUSIONS
Minorities with type 1 diabetes are significantly more insulin resistant, as measured by eGDR, than NHWs. Exploring potential mechanisms, including disparities in care and/or physiological variation, may contribute to preventing racial/ethnic differences in insulin resistance–associated outcomes.
Relationship Styles and Mortality in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Ciechanowski Paul , Russo Joan , Katon Wayne J. , Lin Elizabeth H.B. , Ludman Evette , Heckbert Susan , Von Korff Michael , Williams Lisa H. , Young Bessie A. 
Published: December 2009

OBJECTIVE
Prior research has shown that less social support is associated with increased mortality in individuals with chronic illnesses. We set out to determine whether lower propensity to seek support as indicated by relationship style, based on attachment theory, is associated with mortality in patients with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 3,535 nondepressed adult patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes enrolled in a health maintenance organization in Washington State were surveyed at baseline and followed for 5 years. Relationship style was assessed at baseline. Patients with a greater propensity to seek support were classified as having an interactive relationship style and those less inclined to seek support as having an independent relationship style. We collected Washington State mortality data and used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate relative risk (RR) of death for relationship style groups.

RESULTS
The rate of death in the independent and interactive relationship style groups was 39 and 29 per 1,000 individuals, respectively. Unadjusted RR of death was 1.33 (95% CI 1.12–1.58), indicating an increased risk of death among individuals with an independent relationship style. After adjustment for demographic and clinical covariates, those with an independent relationship style still had a greater risk of death compared with those with an interactive relationship style (hazard ratio 1.20 [95% CI 1.01–1.43]).

CONCLUSIONS
In a large sample of adult patients with diabetes, a lower propensity to reach out to others is associated with higher mortality over 5 years. Further research is needed to examine possible mechanisms for this relationship and to develop appropriate interventions.
Performance of an A1C and Fasting Capillary Blood Glucose Test for Screening Newly Diagnosed Diabetes and Pre-Diabetes Defined by an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Qingdao, China
Authors: Zhou Xianghai , Pang Zengchang , Gao Weiguo , Wang Shaojie , Zhang Lei , Ning Feng , Qiao Qing 
Published: December 2009

OBJECTIVE
The study's goal was to evaluate the performance of A1C and fasting capillary blood glucose (FCG) tests as mass screening tools for diabetes and pre-diabetes, as determined by the standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Data from 2,332 individuals aged 35–74 years who participated in a population-based cross-sectional diabetes survey in Qingdao, China, were analyzed. A 2-h 75-g OGTT was used to diagnose diabetes. The performance of A1C and FCG was evaluated against the results of the OGTTs by using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis.

RESULTS
The prevalence of newly diagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes (impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance) was 11.9 and 29.5%, respectively. For subjects with newly diagnosed diabetes, the area under the ROC curve was 0.67 for A1C and 0.77 for FCG (P &lt; 0.01) in men and 0.67 and 0.75 (P &lt; 0.01) in women, whereas for pre-diabetes, these values were 0.47 and 0.64 (P &lt; 0.001) in men and 0.51 and 0.65 (P &lt; 0.001) in women. At the optimal A1C cutoff point of ≥5.6% for newly diagnosed diabetes, sensitivities (specificities) were 64.4% (61.6%) for men and 62.3% (63.3%) for women.

CONCLUSIONS
As a screening tool for newly diagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes, the FCG measurement performed better than A1C in this general Chinese population.
Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetic Pregnancy
Authors: Heller Simon , Damm Peter , Mersebach Henriette , Skjøth Trine Vang , Kaaja Risto , Hod Moshe , Durán-García Santiago , McCance David , Mathiesen Elisabeth R. 
Published: December 2009

OBJECTIVEA recent randomized trial compared prandial insulin aspart (IAsp) with human insulin in type 1 diabetic pregnancy. The aim of this exploratory analysis was to investigate the incidence of severe hypoglycemia during pregnancy and compare women enrolled preconception with women enrolled during early pregnancy.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSIAsp administered immediately before each meal was compared with human insulin administered 30 min before each meal in 99 subjects (44 to IAsp and 55 to human insulin) randomly assigned preconception and in 223 subjects (113 for IAsp and 110 for human insulin) randomly assigned in early pregnancy (&lt;10 weeks). NPH insulin was the basal insulin. Severe hypoglycemia (requiring third-party assistance) was recorded prospectively preconception (where possible), during pregnancy, and postpartum. Relative risk (RR) of severe hypoglycemia was evaluated with a gamma frailty model.RESULTSOf the patients, 23% experienced severe hypoglycemia during pregnancy with the peak incidence in early pregnancy. In the first half of pregnancy, the RR of severe hypoglycemia in women randomly assigned in early pregnancy/preconception was 1.70 (95% CI 0.91–3.18, P = 0.097); the RR in the second half of pregnancy was 1.35 (0.38–4.77, P = 0.640). In women randomly assigned preconception, severe hypoglycemia rates occurring before and during the first and second halves of pregnancy and postpartum for IAsp versus human insulin were 0.9 versus 2.4, 0.9 versus 2.4, 0.3 versus 1.2, and 0.2 versus 2.2 episodes per patient per year, respectively (NS).CONCLUSIONSThese data suggest that initiation of insulin analog treatment preconception rather than during early pregnancy may result in a lower risk of severe hypoglycemia in women with type 1 diabetes.
First-Trimester Follistatin-Like-3 Levels in Pregnancies Complicated by Subsequent Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Thadhani Ravi , Powe Camille E. , Tjoa May Lee , Khankin Eliyahu , Ye Jun , Ecker Jeffrey , Schneyer Alan , Karumanchi S. Ananth 
Published: December 2009

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether maternal levels of follistatin-like-3 (FSTL3), an inhibitor of activin and myostatin involved in glucose homeostasis, are altered in the first trimester of pregnancies complicated by subsequent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a nested case-control study of subjects enrolled in a prospective cohort of pregnant women with and without GDM (≥2 abnormal values on a 100-g glucose tolerance test at ∼28 weeks of gestation). We measured FSTL3 levels in serum collected during the first trimester of pregnancy. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine the risk of GDM.

RESULTS
Women who developed GDM (n = 37) had lower first-trimester serum levels of FSTL3 compared with women who did not (n = 127) (median 10,789 [interquartile range 7,013–18,939] vs. 30,670 [18,370–55,484] pg/ml, P &lt; 0.001). When subjects were divided into tertiles based on FSTL3 levels, women with the lowest levels demonstrated a marked increase in risk for developing GDM in univariate (odds ratio 11.2 [95% CI 3.6–35.3]) and multivariate (14.0 [4.1–47.9]) analyses. There was a significant negative correlation between first-trimester FSTL3 levels and ∼28-week nonfasting glucose levels (r = −0.30, P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
First-trimester FSTL3 levels are associated with glucose intolerance and GDM later in pregnancy.
Central elements in pseudoeffect algebras
Authors: Xie Yongjian , Li Yongming 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
We introduce the definition of pseudoorthoalgebras and discuss some relationships between orthomodular lattices and pseudoorthoalgebras. Then we study the conditions that a pseudoeffect algebra is isomorphic to an “internal direct product” of ideals generated by orthogonal principal elements. At last, we give some characterizations of central elements in pseudoeffect algebras.
Application of fractional calculus operators for a new class of univalent functions with negative coefficients defined by Hohlov operator
Authors: Atshan Waggas 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a new class W(a, b, c, γ, β) which consists of analytic and univalent functions with negative coefficients in the unit disc defined by Hohlov operator, we obtain distortion theorem using fractional calculus techniques for this class. Also coefficient inequalities and some results for this class are obtained.
Optimal control of a coefficient in modification Navier-Stokes equations
Authors: Bilić Nataša 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
This paper deals with the optimal control of a coefficient in the modification of Navier-Stokes equations. Namely, the motion of the viscous incompressible fluid for a small gradient of velocity is described by Navier-Stokes equations where the coefficient of the kinematic viscosity ν is the positive constant (ν
0). For a greater gradient of velocity the coefficient of kinematic viscosity is a positive function of the gradient of velocity, that is ν (|∇u|). In our case ν (|∇u|) = ν
0 + ν
1
a (|∇u|) where ν
0, ν
1 ∈ ℝ+. The function a is positive and monotone and it is taken as a control variable. The existence of a solution of the optimal control problem is proved. Further, the approximation of the control problem by the finite-dimensional control problem is performed. The proof of the existence of a solution of that aproximate problem has been brought into light. Finally, the connection between the solution of the control problem and the solution of the approximate control problem is established.
Translatable radii of an operator in the direction of another operator II
Authors: Paul Kallol 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
One of the couple of translatable radii of an operator in the direction of another operator introduced in earlier work [PAUL, K.: Translatable radii of an operator in the direction of another operator, Scientae Mathematicae 2 (1999), 119–122] is studied in details. A necessary and sufficient condition for a unit vector f to be a stationary vector of the generalized eigenvalue problem Tf = λAf is obtained. Finally a theorem of Williams ([WILLIAMS, J. P.: Finite operators, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 26 (1970), 129–136]) is generalized to obtain a translatable radius of an operator in the direction of another operator.
A note on slant submanifolds of nearly trans-Sasakian manifolds
Authors: Al-Solamy Falleh , Khan Viqar 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The geometry of slant submanifolds of a nearly trans-Sasakian manifold is studied when the tensor field Q is parallel. It is proved that Q is not parallel on the submanifold unless it is anti-invariant and thus the result of [CABRERIZO, J. L.—CARRIAZO, A.—FERNANDEZ, L. M.—FERNANDEZ, M.: Slant submanifolds in Sasakian manifolds, Glasg. Math. J. 42 (2000), 125–138] and [GUPTA, R. S.—KHURSHEED HAIDER, S. M.—SHARFUDIN, A.: Slant submanifolds of a trans-Sasakian manifold, Bull. Math. Soc. Sci. Math. Roumanie (N.S.) 47 (2004), 45–57] are generalized.
Lexical Classes and the Conative Construction in Old English
Authors: Acevedo Eulalia 
Published: December 2009

Lexical Classes and the Conative Construction in Old English
This paper is concerned with the description of the event structure and the meaning components that motivate the realization of the conative construction within some canonical Old English verb classes. In the same line as the latest proposals framed within the Lexical Constructional Model, this kind of description is intended to evidence the essential role of semantic features that are not necessarily realized in the syntax and thus help elucidate and comprehend lexical-constructional processes. Besides, this work seeks to establish adequate criteria to identify the conative construction and provides insights into the distribution of diathetic alternations associated to the conative construction in Old English.
The Pedagogic Grammarian's Dilemma: Modality and Personality in Grammatical Description
Authors: Berry Roger 
Published: December 2009

The Pedagogic Grammarian's Dilemma: Modality and Personality in Grammatical Description
This paper investigates an issue that I call the "pedagogic grammarian's dilemma": the choice facing writers of pedagogic grammars between being specific about grammar and risking being wrong, or hedging and risking being vague, as formulated by Henry Widdowson (1997). Using two corpora of grammatical description, it examines how a number of exponents of modality are used to hedge and finds firstly that they are far more common than in ordinary text. More importantly there is a link between the use of such modality and the approach to personality chosen in the grammars: hedging is more common when the more friendly YOU is used to address users than when WE is used; this suggests an interpersonal (as well as epistemic) motivation for the hedging. Overall the response of the grammars studied to the pedagogic grammarian's dilemma is to hedge, in order, it seems, to avoid being prescriptive.
Sit-to-Stand Movement as a Performance-Based Measure for Patients With Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Boonstra Miranda C. , Schwering Paul J.A. , De Waal Malefijt Maarten C. , Verdonschot Nico 
Published: December 2009

BackgroundFunctional recovery of patients after a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) usually is measured with questionnaires. However, these self-report measures assess the patient's perspective on his or her ability to perform a task. Performance-based tests are needed to assess the patient's actual ability to perform a task.ObjectiveThe main purpose of this study was to quantify improvement in performance of the sit-to-stand movement of patients with a TKA.Design and MethodsIn this prospective study of 16 patients with end-stage knee osteoarthritis followed by a TKA, the maximal knee angular extension velocity and amount of unloading (shifting weight) of the affected leg during the sit-to-stand movement and the visual analog scale score for pain were assessed preoperatively and 6 months and 1 year postoperatively. These data were compared with data for a control group of individuals who were healthy (n=27).ResultsBefore surgery, the participants in the TKA group unloaded their affected leg, but within 6 months after implantation, the affected leg was almost fully loaded again and comparable to the loading symmetry ratio of the control group. Furthermore, knee extension velocity also had increased, but remained lower than that of the control group. The changes in knee extension velocity took place during the first 6 months, after which a plateau was visible.LimitationsA potential limitation of the study design was that the patients were not perfectly matched with the control subjects.ConclusionsImplantation of a total knee prosthesis partly improved performance of the sit-to-stand movement. Participants in the TKA group could fully load their operated leg, but they could not generate enough knee angular velocity during rising compared with the control group.