bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
T cell receptor Vβ variable gene family expression in human peripheral blood lymphocytes at the mRNA and membrane protein level
Authors: HU H Z , DE WEGER R A , BOSBOOM-KALSBEEK K , TILANUS M G J , ROZING J , SCHUURMAN H J 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed, using combinations of an oligonucleotide primer for a T cell receptor Vβ gene family and one for the constant Cβ gene segments, to assess the expression of each of 20 Vβ gene families in RNA after reverse transcription into cDNA. The detection was done after agarosc gel electrophoresis of PCR products and ethidium bromide staining. The positive identification of the PCR products was done by hybridization with a Jβ oligonucleotide probe. For T cell lines, a signal was observed in the Vβ8 combination for Jurkat cells, Vβ 5a in HSB cells, Vβ 2 and Vβ12a in Molt-3 cells and Vβ 2, Vβ 5a and Vβ12a in Molt-4 cells. Using mixtures of RNA from different cell lines, the sensitivity of the method was in the range of 0·1–0·5%. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells from four donors, taken at three different occasions, all Vβ families were detectable. The intensity of the PCR product varied between various Vβ gene families. Flow cytometric analysis of blood mononuclear cells from the same donors with a restricted series of Vβ gene family-specific antibodies also revealed the presence of all families. The approach to assess Vβ gene family expression in heterogeneous populations opens the possibility to study T cell receptor variable gene expression in relation to physiology and pathologic processes.
Immunophenotypical alterations in a subset of patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)
Authors: BAUMERT E , WOLFF-VORBECK G , SCHLESIER M , PETER H H 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYWe investigated the expression of surface molecules on lymphocytes from 20 patients with CVID and 40 healthy subjects. Lymphocytes were analysed by dual colour flow cytometry. We identified a subset of patients (8 of 20) characterized by low CD4/CD8 ratio (&lt; 1·1), expansion of T cells co-expressing the activation marker HLA-DR and significant increase in CD8+ T cells co-expressing CD57. Expression of the adhesion molecules LFA-3 (CD58) and ICAM-1 (CD54) was significantly increased in this subgroup. In addition, within the CD4+ T cells the percentage of CD29+ (memory) cells was increased, while the CD45RA and LAM-1 (Leu-8) antigens were depressed. These results indicate that in a subgroup of CVID patients T cells are activated in vivo and the CD57+CD8+ lymphocyte subpopulation, supposed to comprise functional suppressor T cells, is expanded. We suggest a chronic viral infection in these patients, but it is not clear whether this is primary or secondary to the underlying defect.
Kinetics of lymphocyte subsets from peripheral blood during aPlasmodium falciparummalaria attack
Authors: CHOUGNET C , TALLET S , RINGWALD P , DELORON P 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYVariations of lymphocyte subsets were followed longitudinally in 16 patients during an acute falciparum malaria attack. Before treatment, lymphocyte numbers were highly reduced, but the subset distribution was similar to that of healthy individuals. After parasite clearance, lymphocyte counts were normalized and the subset distribution was unchanged. This led to a normalization of all the absolute counts of lymphocyte subsets, except CD8+. The fast normalization of lymphocyte counts suggests that the initial decrease in lymphocyte numbers may reflect sequestration. Magnitude and kinetics of this variation were not related to parasite density or to severity of the attack. Activated T cells (CD3+HLA-DR+) were fewer in African than in European patients, suggesting the importance of the past exposure to malaria parasites in reallocation phenomena. These variations in lymphocyte numbers must be taken into account in the design and the analysis of cellular investigations in patients experiencing a falciparum malaria attack.
Immunoglobulin class and IgG subclass distribution of anticardiolipin antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and associated disorders
Authors: LOIZOU S , COFINER C , WEETMAN A P , WALPORT M J 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe class and subclass distribution of an antibody response may give insight into the stimulating mechanism and likely effector functions. IgA, IgG and IgM anlicardiolipin antibodies (aCL) were quantified in a consecutive series of 200 samples sent to an autoimmune serology laboratory to determine the relationships between aCL responses of each of these antibody classes and, in particular, whether there was any utility in the measurement of IgA aCL. Positive results for one of the three aCL isotypes were found in 105 samples (53%). and in 41 samples IgA aCL was detected (21%). However, amongst these unselected samples, little additional information was obtained by measurement of IgA aCL, which was found in conjunction with IgM or IgG aCL in all but five samples, and in these the isolated elevation of IgA aCL was only slight, and showed no disease specificity. The levels of each of the four IgG subclasses of aCL were measured in a subgroup of serum samples from 28 patients with autoimmune disease and from 29 patients with syphilis. Amongst the SLE patients IgGl and lgG3 aCL were the predominant IgG subclasses, consistent with an antigen-driven. T cell-dependent antibody response. However, a subgroup of eight of the autoimmune subjects had predominant elevation of IgG2 aCL, possibly implying a role for T cell-independent antibody production to cardiolipin. Amongst the syphilis patients IgG I and IgG3 aCL were also the predominant subclasses of aCL but lgG4 aCL were also detected in the majority of subjects, consistent with prolonged antigenic stimulation.
Molecular heterogeneity of human IgA antibodies during an immune response
Authors: RUSSELL M W , LUE C , VAN DEN WALL BAKE A W L , MOLDOVEANU Z , MESTECKY J 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYHuman IgA occurs in multiple molecular forms (polymeric and monomeric) and two subclasses which show differential distribution between the mucosal and circulatory compartments of the immune system. However, the molecular form and subclass of specific IgA antibodies are influenced, especially during an immune response, by the type of antigen and duration of the response as well as by the route of exposure. These considerations question previously held notions that polymeric IgA and an increased representation of the IgA2 subclass among circulating antibodies or antibody-secreting cells signify their mucosal origin. Although the functional properties of different molecular forms and subclasses of IgA antibodies are incompletely understood, it appears that there is physiological benefit in the diversity of the IgA immune system.
Enhancement of the lytic activity of cloned human CD8 tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes by bispecific monoclonal antibodies
Authors: GORTER A , KRÜSE K M , SCHRIER P I , FLEUREN G J , VAN DE GRIEND R J 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYWe have isolated tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) clones hum a patient with renal cell cancer. The cloning frequency and the effector function were measured. No difference in cloning frequency (r2= 0·97, frequency =1:13) was observed between TIL expanded with allogencic versus autologous feeder cells. Sixty-four clones expanded with autologous feeder cells and 37 clones expanded with allogeneic feeder cells were assayed for cytolytic activity on an autologous primary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) culture, an allogeneic RCC line, and on the K562 and Daudi cell lines. Most of these clones were also phenotyped. Although TIL clones expressing cytotoxic activity for RCC lines could be generated with both feeder cell preparations, none of the clones tested showed specificity for ceils from autologous primary RCC cultures. However, in the presence of relevant bispecific MoAbs (αOC/TR) all CD8+ TIL clones tested could be induced to lyse autologous RCC cultures. Furthermore, the cytolytic activity of all CD8+ clones tested against allogeneic RCC lines could be induced or further enhanced by αOC/TR or CD3/G250 bispecific MoAbs. In contrast, none of the CD4+ clones tested showed lytic activity. Quantitatively the cytotoxic response in the presence of αOC/TR or CD3/G250 of CD8+ TIL clones against G250+ and MOv18+ cell lines appears to be associated with the level of antigen expression on the target cells. Our results suggest that (i) expansion of TIL with allogeneic or autologous feeder cells does not effect the lytic profile of the clones; (ii) the use of bispecific MoAbs may overcome a lack of specificity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
Anti-endothelial cell antibodies in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Authors: WANGEL A G , KONTIAINEN S , SCHEININ T , SCHLENZKA A , WANGEL D , MÄENPÄÄ J 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARY
The prevalence of IgG class antibodies to endothelial cells (AECA) was studied in 136 young patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus by an enzyme immunoassay using human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells. The patients were divided into four groups according to the time between diagnosis and study and their results were compared with those in control children and blood donors. AECA became progressively more frequent with the duration of diabetes, being 4% in diabetics tested within 2 weeks of diagnosis and reaching 34% after an average disease duration of 11–2 years. They were not more common in patients with neuropathy, retinopathy or nephropathy than in patients without these complications, but were associated with co-existing thyroid disease and IgA deficiency. The results suggest that in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus AECA are associated with co-existing autoimmune disorders but not with diabetic microvascular disease.
Impaired proliferative capacity and abnormal cytokine profile of naive and memory CD4 T cells from HIV-seropositive patients
Authors: CAYOTA A , VUILLIER F , SCOTT-ALGARA D , FEUILLIE V , DIGHIERO G 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYPurified naive and memory CD4 T cells from healthy donors, HIV+ asymptomatic carriers and AIDS patients were examined for their proliferative activity and their pattern of cytokine secretion (IL-4, IL-6, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)) upon stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and cross-linked anti-CD3 MoAb, in the presence of recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2). We found a decrease in the proliferative capacity of naive CD4 T cells following stimulation with PHA and PMA, and a sharp decline in this response upon cross-linked anti-CD3 stimulation in both subsets, although it predominated in the naive subpopulation. In AIDS patients, less pronounced impairment of thymidine uptake by the naive subset was found upon PHA and cross-linked anti-CD3 MoAb stimulation. In addition, an altered secretion pattern of the different cytokines was observed, consisting of abnormal secretion of IL-6 by both naive and memory cells, an abnormal pattern of IFN-γ secretion and frequent loss of detectable lL-4 production by HIV patients. These abnormalities were even more pronounced in AIDS patients than in the asymptomatic carriers. Overall, our results extend previous reports indicating functional impairment of memory CD4 subsets in HIV+ subjects by showing that this impairment involves naive CD4 T cells.
Mononuclear phagocytes from human bone marrow progenitor cells; morphology, surface phenotype, and functional properties of resting and activated cells
Authors: KELLER R , KEIST R , JOLLER P , GROSCURTH P 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYAfter 3–4 weeks culture of human bone marrow cells in medium supplemented with IL-3, macrophagc- (M-CSF), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), the firmly adherent cells exhibited the morphologic features of mononuclear phagocytes and were strongly esterase-positive. Flow cylometric analysis revealed a rather homogeneous cell population with marked autofluorescence; the large majority of the cells expressed CD14. CD11a,b, and c, Fc receptors for IgG, FcγRI, II, and III, and HLA class II molecules. Interfcron-gamma (IFN-γ). bacteria, and bacterial products modulated expression of some of the surface markers, induced and/ or enhanced respiratory burst, phagoeytic activity, secretion of tumour necrosis factor, and lumouricidal activity; in contrast, these cells were not able to generate reactive nitrogen intermediates.
Cytokine-induced inhibition ofPlasmodium falciparumerythrocytic growthin vitro
Authors: ORAGO A S S , FACER C A 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe addition of recombinant cytokines to Plasmodium falciparum in vitro cultures retarded the growth of the parasite with the effect of recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2)&gt;interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)&gt;tumour necrosis factor-beta (TNF-β). The process was concentration dependent, being greatest Bl 30000 U/ml and required a 72-h period of continuous exposure for maximum effect. Growth inhibition, as determined morphologically and radiometrically. was a consequence of defective schizont maturation rather than inhibition of merozoite invasion. It was cumulative and detectable within one erythrocytic (48 h) growth cycle.
Evidence for iC3 generation during cardiopulmonary bypass as the result of blood-gas interaction
Authors: PEKNA M , NILSSON L , NILSSON-EKDAHL K , NILSSON U R , NILSSON B 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYEarlier we have shown that iC3 is generated at the blood-gas interface in vitro and that the generation of this molecule is independent of complement activation and the composition of the gas. In order to investigate whether iC3 is also generated during cardiopulmonary bypass where blood comes into contact with oxygen bubbles, two bubble oxygenators were incubated at 37°C with human heparinized blood. A continuous increase in the level of iC3 was shown in the oxygen-perfused bubble oxygenator (up to 100 nmol/l after 180 min) in contrast to the unbubbled control. Similarly, in plasma drawn from patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass using either bubble or membrane oxygenators. the levels of iC3 were shown to increase continuously during the operation. Furthermore, this form of C3 was found to be susceptible to cleavage by factor I. The formation of iC3 at the blood-gas interface in vivo could be a mechanism by which gas bubbles induce clinical manifestations associated with complement activation, e.g. during cardiopulmonary bypass, adult respiratory distress syndrome and decompression sickness.
An immunohistochemical analysis of onchocercal nodules: evidence for an interaction between macrophage MRP8/MRP14 and adultOnchocerca volvulus
Authors: EDGEWORTH J D , ABIOSE A , JONES B R 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYWe have used a panel of MoAbs to investigate the phenotype of macrophages and other leucocytes infiltrating onchocercal nodules. Nodules were removed from individuals at the end of the second year of a community-based, placebo-controlled trial of annual ivermectin chemotherapy in northern Nigeria. No significant differences were seen in the distribution and phenotype of leucocytes in nodules from ivermectin- and placebo-treated individuals. Live adult worms were only seen in nine of the 21 nodules examined. Three regions were clearly discernible within nodules containing both live and dead worms; an outer fibrovascular capsule (zone A), an inner adult worm bundle with surrounding hyaline extracellular matrix interspersed with solitary cells (zone B), and a dense cellular infiltrate surrounding and in contact with a variable proportion of the worm (zone C). Macrophages were the predominant cell type in all zones of the nodule. Those in zone B were distinguished by their dendritic morphology and strong reactivity with MoAbs directed against class II molecules. FcRl (CD64) and CD68, whereas macrophages in zone C were larger, more heterogeneous in shape, and were distinguished by strong reactivity with MoAbs directed against CR4 (CDlIc, CD18) and MRP8/MRP14, and with MoAb 24. T cells were found primarily in zones A and C, whilst eosinophils were found in only six nodules. A unique staining pattern was seen using MoAbs reacting with the calcium-binding protein MRP8/MRPI4. Most macrophages in zones A and B were negative; however, where the occasional positive macrophage was seen in zone B, MRP8/MRP14 was also found around the cell and on the neighbouring worm surface, giving the impression that MRP8/ MRP14 was being secreted onto the adult worm. Macrophages in zone C were also MRP8/MRP14-positive, and often the whole infiltrate was surrounded with extracellular MRP8/MRP14, with greatest concentration seen adjacent to the worm. M RP8/MRP14 was not identified on the surface of microfilariae (MF) within the same nodules. Since MRP8/MRP14 was seen on the adult worm in the absence of a leucocytic infiltrate, it may have an early role to play in the immune response to Onchocerca volvulus.
Genes on the X chromosome affect development of collagen-induced arthritis in mice
Authors: JANSSON L , HOLMDAHL R 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYSusceptibility to collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice is associated with a class II gene in MHC (Aq) but also with unknown genes outside MHC. Investigated here is the influence of genes on the X chromosome as well as the role of the X-linked immunodeficiency (xid) mutation. Reciprocal male F1 hybrids, bred to be heterozygous or homozygous for Aq, showed a genetic influence in their susceptibility to develop CIA. Crosses were made between B10.G, B10Q, DBA/I, SWR/J, C3H.Q and CBA/Ca, and all Fi mice were castrated to avoid sex hormone modulation of the susceptibility. A differential timing of arthritis onset and severity were seen in the reciprocal F1 males. An exception was the reciprocal F1 male offspring from SWR/J and DBA/1 crosses which differed only in disease severity late in the course of the disease. The female F1 crosses did not show the same pattern of differential susceptibility to CIA as the F1 males. To exclude the possible influence the Y chromosome, F1 males of reciprocal crosses were back-crossed to the parental strains creating offspring with equal X chromosomes but divergent Y chromosomes. No difference in development of arthritis was observed in these. The influence of the xid mutation was investigated next. The xid loci from the CBA/N mouse was bred into DBA/1 strain which is highly susceptible to CIA. The resulting congenic DBA/l-xid strain was resistant to induction of CIA and did not develop an antibody response to type II collagen. We conclude that polymorphic genes on the X chromosome modulate susceptibility to CIA. The results from the experiments with mice carrying xid mutations confirm that such immune modulating genes exist on the sex chromosomes.
Recognition of Epstein—Barr virus (EBV)-infected cells by T cell colonies from a human chemera: restriction by allogeneic determinants
Authors: PLOTNICKY H , TOURAINE J-L 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe anti-EBV T cell response was studied in a severe combined immunodeficiency patient (PS) who received two transplants of fetal liver cells. His peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were incubated with EBV and cultured during 15 days. Eleven colonies were derived from the T lymphocytes causing the regression of the infected cell foci: nine were constituted with CD3+CD4+CD8− lymphocytes and two with CD3+CD4−CD8+ cells. HLA typing of six colonies showed that two of them derived from the first transplant and four from the second one. The colonies killed the cells of the lymphoblastoid line (LCL) derived from the recipient (PS-LCL), but failed to kill the LCL matched with the transplants. With only one exception, they all lysed also the LCL derived from the mother or from the father, but they were ineffective on the EBV-negative lymphoblasts. Two colonies recognized determinants which did not appear to be HLA antigens, although they were shared by PS and by one of his parents, two (CD4−CD8+) reacted against the LCL which shared HLA-A3 or -A33 with PS-LCL, and four (CD4+CD8−) lysed the LCL sharing HLA-A3, -A33 or -DR5 with PS-LCL, among which only one was demonstrated to interact directly with host HLA-class I determinants. These data indicate that T lymphocytes differentiating in contact with histo-incompatible determinants may express the capability to recognize viral antigens and to lyse virus-infected cells in the context of allogeneic MHC or non-MHC molecules.
Increased soluble CD14 serum levels and altered CD14 expression of peripheral blood monocytes in HIV-infected patients
Authors: NOCKHER W A , BERGMANN L , SCHERBERICH J E 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYSerum levels of soluble CD14 were elevated in HIV-infected asymptomatic patients or those with lymphadenopathy (CDC II/III) 2·9 ± 0·8mg/l compared with normal controls with 2·2 ± 0·47 mg/l P &lt; 0·001. A further rise was seen in patients with ARC (CDCIVA) 3·8±1·1 mg/l, P &lt; 0.01 and patients with AIDS (CDC IVB D) 5·7 ±2·5 mg/l. P &lt; 001. Although absolute numbers of CD14+ cells decrease in the AIDS group, the percentage of CD 14+ monocytes did not change. In contrast, levels of soluble T cell antigens sCD4 and sCD8, which are higher in HIV-infected patients compared with normal subjects, showed no increase with disease progression. Serum levels of sCD14 were correlated positively with β2-microglobulin levels (rs= 0·63, P &lt; 0.0001). Whereas the percentage of CD14+ monocytes did not change, an increase in monocytic CD14 expression in HIV-infected patients was observed (P &lt; 0.01). The percentage of a monocyte subset expressing both CD14 and CD16 increased from 6% in normal healthy persons to 13% in HIV-infected patients (P &lt; 0·001), and did not vary between the HIV patient groups. Incubation of cultured peripheral blood monocytes with azidothymidine had no effect on either normal or EPS-induced or IE-4-inhibited sCDI4 release in vitro. Therefore, an effect of AZT on sCD14 serum values in vivo is considered to be unlikely. Our data further provide evidence that monocytes/macrophages are engaged in HIV infection.