bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attention‐Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Creativity — What is the connection?
Authors: CRAMOND BONNIE 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe focus of this article is on the similarities between the behavioral manifestations of ADHD and creativity, some speculations about their common etiology, some illustrative case studies, and practical implications of mistaking one for the other. The possibility of an overlap in the conditions of high creativity and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is proposed. Evidence in both groups of mixed laterality and anomalies in cerebral dominance, more spontaneous ideation, higher levels of sensation seeking behavior, and higher energy and activity than in normal populations is presented.Calvin, one of the title characters in the comic strip Calvin and Hobbes, exemplifies many teachers' worst nightmare. He is the Dennis the Menace of the 90's — bright, inquisitive, imaginative, active, and always into something. Many strips depict his conflicts with school personnel and other adults, often as a result of his runaway imagination. Because his imagination is so vividly depicted, the strips provide excellent examples of creative strengths. However, the same strips could also be used to illustrate the behavior of a classic case of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). There are so many similarities in the behavioral descriptions of creativity and ADHD that one is left to wonder, could these be overlapping phenomena?The focus of this article will be on the similarities between the behavioral manifestations of ADHD and creativity, some speculations about their common etiology, some illustrative case studies, and practical implications of mistaking one for the other. In order to comprehend how two such apparently different syndromes could be confused, a better understanding of the history and evolution of the concept of Attention‐Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is necessary. Therefore, this article will begin with a brief historical overview.
Creative Thinking From An Information Processing Perspective: A New Approach To Mednick's Theory Of Associative Hierarchies
Authors: CONEY JEFFREY , SERNA PETA 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTMednick (1962) proposed a theory of the creative thinking process which asserts that in generating associative responses to a stimulus, creative individuals are characterized by a flatter associative hierarchy than are less creative individuals. In order to assess this idea, an associative priming paradigm was used to measure latencies to lexical decisions primed by associations of low, medium, or high strength. Mednick's theory was not supported. However, it was found that the responses of creative subjects were uniformly less facilitated at all levels of associative strength. The set of associative strengths employed in the experiment may not have ranged low enough to provide a realistic test of creative processes. If so, then the obtained findings may be consistent with Mednick's theory as it applies to the upper end of the associative continuum.
Context for Creativity: Listening to Voices, Allowing a Pause
Authors: TAVALIN FERN 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTCreativity occurs within a social context. As such, it is important to consider the environments which foster creative growth. Based on the observations of a small group of interpersonal women, the author describes some of the conditions which proved successful in facilitating the emergence of personal voice in writing. Many parallels surfaced between the appearance of voice in writing and the topic of creativity in general. Certain deeply felt aspects of creativity are difficult to uncover when the methods themselves do not include room for personal expression and response. Storytelling with group response might be a potential resource as yet undeveloped in creativity research.
Group Creativity and Technology
Authors: SIAU KENG L. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTDespite the popularity of brainstorming, research has shown that verbal brainstorming is not always effective in increasing group creativity. On the other hand, its electronic counterpart, electronic brainstorming, appears to produce much better results. Is technology the panacea for group idea generation? This paper first reviews the theory of group creativity and then examines the characteristics of electronic brainstorming that makes it more effective than verbal brainstorming. From the success of electronic brainstorming, it then argues that the use of technology might be the key to overcome the space and time constraints that are commonly faced by creativity groups.
Effects of Creative and Non‐Creative Work on the Tendency To Drink Alcohol During the Restitution Phase of the Creative Process
Authors: GUSTAFSON ROLAND , NORLANDER TORSTEN 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTAn experimental study explored how type of task (hard or light creative task or hard non‐creative task) would affect the propensity to drink either alcoholic or nonalcoholic beverages. Subjects worked for forty minutes and a following taste test indicated that subjects working on the hard creative task drank more totally and more of both the alcohol and the placebo drinks than subjects working on the hard non‐creative task. Also subjects with light creative work drank more alcohol than did the control subjects. The results were discussed in terms of a need to calm down during a phase of restitution after creative work. The results are in keeping with how creative artists seem to use alcohol.
A Structure To Foster Creativity: An Industrial Experience*
Authors: MOUKWA MOSONGO 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTA structure to foster creativity in a Research and Development environment is described. The structure and the resulting environment lead to a large pool of ideas that became the basis for projects in key technological areas for our company.Twenty years ago, creative organizations were described as having idea‐people, innovative leadership, and open communication. They supported risk, and they tolerated errors (Guetzkow, 1965). They encouraged employees to discuss ideas and show their passion for a subject (Bruner, 1965). Eccentricity was encouraged(Guetzkow, 1965), employees were expected to have fun (Bruner, 1965), and ideas were evaluated on their own merit (Bower, 1965).These characteristics of creative organizations are still true today and are, in fact, in more demand than ever before (Diebold, 1990; Waterman, 1988). The need for creativity and innovation in industrial organizations has become critical because of social and economic pressures accompanying an accelerated rate of technological change. Working hard simply is not enough. Working smarter, by creating and innovating, is the way to go. Creativity is both feasible and worthwhile in business (Peters, 1991).A few years ago, I was asked to organize a core group of scientists and to plant the seeds for developing a corporate research group. The individuals involved were expected to be the nucleus of a group with the long range mission of leading the company into the technological future. In our company we develop and manufacture various chemicals and technologies for the construction industry. Although we enjoy a leadership position, it is imperative for us to continually stretch our imagination and strengthen our position in a technology‐based and highly competitive market.This paper describes some aspects of the structure that was implemented in order to unleash employee's creativity. The structure and the resulting environment led to a large pool of ideas that became the basis for new projects in several key technologies. Within a very short time, a number of invention disclosures were filed, and some of them led to patents. Some of those ideas have already been capitalized upon by the business units of the company.
Turtle Soup: Establishing Innovation‐Friendly Conditions' for School Reform
Authors: AMBROSE DON 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTPressure groups in today's complex society present our school systems with diverse, conflicting demands for school reform. Educators can retain eroding public support only through pervasive innovations in our school systems. In order for our schools to survive and thrive in changing times, educators must overcome serious organizational and contextual barriers that inhibit innovation in the schools. Educational leaders must address these barriers by attending to the essential nature of creative thought, and to some basic tenets of organizational change. These concepts are portrayed in the form of a visual metaphor, which captures the essence of creative organizational development and recommends some specific Jeadership initiatives.
Gender and Creativity In An Afro‐Arab Islamic Culture: The Case of Sudan
Authors: KHALEEFA OMAR H. , ERDOS GEORGE , ASHRIA IKHLAS H. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the differences between males and females in creativity among a Sudanese sample of 149 males and 151 females; with ages between 15–20 years. Males and females performed about equal in one creativity test. Males performed significantly better than females on two of four creativity tests. However, females performed significantly better on the fourth test. The study showed no significant interaction between gender and education. The differences between males and females are thought to be related to the different opportunities for freedom and independence in the indigenous Sudanese culture which affect the promotion of creative thinking. These opportunities depend on the level of education as well as the degree of authoritarianism and conformity in the sociocultural system.
The Two‐Conditions View of Creativity
Authors: MELLOU ELENI 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTIn‐an attempt to overcome the difficulties people face in defining the complex concept “creativity,” the present paper will consider creativity as two basic conditions: (a) as an interaction condition, and (b) as a transformation‐imagination‐fantasy condition. Creativity is a process that is the combination of these conditions of interaction, transformation, imagination, and fantasy. These conditions operate simultaneously in the activities of individuals. Indeed, none of them can stand alone, since one implies the others if creativity is to occur.
Effects of Alcohol On Scientific Thought During the Incubation Phase of The Creative Process
Authors: NORLANDER TORSTEN , GUSTAFSON ROLAND 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThe present study examined whether or not acute alcohol intoxication inhibits or facilitates the incubation phase of Wallas' (1926/1970) four‐stage model of creativity. Sixty male and female participants were randomly assigned to three groups of equal size: a Control group, a Placebo group and an Alcohol group (alcohol dose: 1.0 ml of 100% alcohol/kg body weight, delivered on two occasions). It was shown that the Alcohol group produced significantly more incubations and significantly higher levels of originality. No differences between groups regarding the scientific value of the products were obtained. Possible consequences of alcohol intoxication for creative production are discussed and a theoretical framework is introduced.
The Effects of Teaching Students How to Invent
Authors: WESTBERG KAREN L. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTTeachers encourage students to develop inventions, organizations sponsor invention contests, and publishers sell guidebooks on inventing. Only a few studies have examined the relationship between these materials or opportunities to invent and students' inventiveness. The purpose of this experimental study was to provide an instructional unit on the invention process and to investigate the degree to which training influenced students' inventiveness. Students in the experimental group received eight lessons that were designed to provide training in the invention process and encourage the development of inventions, and students in the control group received one introductory lesson and opportunity to develop inventions. Using the Invention Evaluation Scale, experts assessed three aspects of students' inventions: originality, technical goodness, and aesthetic appeal. Regression analyses indicated that group membership was a significant predictor of the quantity of inventions, but not a significant predictor of the quality of students' inventions.
Creativity in an Indigenous Afro‐Arab Islamic Culture: The Case of Sudan
Authors: KHALEEFA OMAR H. , ERDOS GEORGE , ASHRIA IKHLAS H. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThe present study attempted to appraise creativity in the indigenous Sudanese culture, which is formed by a complex integration and interaction of various social and cultural factors, mainly of African, Arab, and Islamic origin. More specifically, the study investigated the concept of creativity in a conformist culture, the problem of using Western tests and the problem of modernization. Also it attempted to find answers to some crucial questions: What is the scope available for creative expression in a tight sociocultural system? How could creativity coexist with conformity? What form of creativity can exist in the indigenous sociocultural system?
Varieties of Intellectual Talent1
Authors: STANLEY JULIAN C. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTPrecocity, prodigiousness, brightness, intelligence, talent, creativity, eminence, renown, greatness, and genius may be aspects or consequences of characteristics often lumped together under the multi‐dimensional term “giftedness.” Certain of these concepts can be traced from Galton through Spearman, Binet, and Terman to outstanding recent contributors. We consider identification of intellectually talented youth and, to some extent, their educational facilitation. Although the “abilities” view of talent is emphasized, more qualitative approaches such as those of Bloom, Ericsson, Gardner, Simonton, and Sternberg receive attention. Life outcomes of mathematically and/or verbally precocious youth identified across the nation by talent searches emanating since 1971 from Johns Hopkins University and elsewhere may help clarify relationships between intellectual precocity, creativity, and achievement.
Tosh Demands and Generative Thinking: What Changes and What Remains the Same?
Authors: WARD THOMAS B. , SIFONIS CYNTHIA M. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTGenerative thinking can be characterized as the development of novel instantiations of existing concepts. Using this framework, the present study examined the impact of three conditions on the way subjects generated ideas about imaginary extraterrestrials. Control subjects developed alien animals but were given no special instructions. Those in the Wildly Different Condition were asked to generate creatures that were as wildly different from Earth animals as they could be. Both groups were highly and equally likely to imagine creatures that were symmetric and possessed standard senses and appendages, but the latter introduced significantly more novel variations, particularly on the number of sense organs and appendages. A third group was asked to imagine and describe things that might live on another planet, but were not initially instructed to provide drawings or limit themselves to considering living things that would be considered to be animals. This last group also preserved symmetry, but was significantly more likely to develop creatures without standard senses and appendages. Even so, 75% of this group developed creatures with standard senses and appendages. The results are discussed in terms of constraints on innovation, ways of overcoming those constraints, and the general tendency for new ideas to preserve many of the central properties of existing concepts.
Idea‐Generation Techniques: A Formulary of Active Ingredients
Authors: SMITH GERALD F. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThe profusion of creativity techniques that have been proposed and used is based on a much smaller set of active ingredients, devices that promote idea generation. This paper reports the results of a study that identified these active ingredients through an analysis of 172 idea‐generation methods. Fifty idea‐generation devices of three types — strategies, tactics, and enablers — were identified and organized in a formulary. Research results facilitate the evaluation of idea‐generation methods and the selection of methods suited to particular idea‐generation tasks.
Reported Practices of Creative Problem Solving Facilitators
Authors: WALLGREN MARY K. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThis study reviews the distinguishing characteristics of successful creative problem solving (CPS) facilitators and provides advice on ways to develop these characteristics. Thirty‐seven facilitators were interviewed about their successful use of creative problem solving. These individuals include full‐time employees of organizations as well as consultants that were hired by a variety of organizations. The data colleced contained self‐reports of effectiveness. No attempt was made to verify the facilitators claims of “success” in facilitation. From the interviews, the characteristics were identified and categorized by logical analysis. These findings were then researched in the literature. The final product was organized around the acronym FACILITATOR. Several synonyms were used to describe characteristics, but the content was not changed for the sake of organization.
Donald Campbell's Model of the Creative Process: Creativity as Blind Variation and Selective Retention
Authors: SIMONTON DEAN KEITH 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThis special issue honors Donald Campbell, who died on May 6, 1996. Although Campbell became best known for his methodological contributions, he also published a classic 1960 paper in which he developed a blind‐variation and selective‐retention model of the creative process. Not only does this Darwinian model accurately describe Campbell's own creative modus operandi, but in addition it may provide the basis for a comprehensive theory of creativity. The articles collected for this special issue are devoted to evaluating Campbell's theoretical proposal from the hindsight of nearly 40 years of research and thinking on the creative process.
Educator Perspectives on Creativity: An English Study
Authors: CRAFT ANNA 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThis article describes a project undertaken with eighteen educators from diverse backgrounds. They were all students on an Open University accredited postgraduate course devised to support their capability in fostering learner creativity across the curriculum. An ethnomethodological approach was used to track the experiences and perceptions of the educators and to ground these in personal biography. The article reports themes arising from the data which throw light on educator perceptions of fostering creativity in learners. Finally the article suggests a number of elements highlighted by the project as potentially core to fostering educators' self‐perception of their ability to foster learner creativity across the curriculum.
Teacher and Pupil Characteristics in the Perception of the Creativity of Classroom Climate
Authors: FURMAN ANTON 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThis article presents results of a study of pupils' perceptions of the level of creativity of the classroom climate. The purpose was to determine whether the teachers' classroom behaviors provided a means to identify relatively stable behavior patterns in individuals or groups of teachers categorized by subject taught and pupils' perceptions of the classroom climate. Secondly, the aim was to identify those teacher behaviors correlating with high or low level of creative classroom climate perceptions respectively. Observation was the principal method in identifying teacher behaviors related to creative classroom climate perception. Several behavioral categories were identified that correlated significantly with a high level of creativity in classroom climate perception. Furthermore it was found that some of the teachers' behaviors may be so influenced by context that they reverse the resulting effect.
Concepts of Creativity: Similarities and Differences among Mainland, Hong Kong and Taiwanese Chinese
Authors: RUDOWICZ ELISABETH , YUE XIAO‐DONG 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAspects of creativity concepts across different Chinese populations were examined. A Likert style questionnaire consisting of 60 adjectives was administered to 451 undergraduates from Beijing, Guangzhou, Taipei and Hong Kong. The results show that: (a) the core characteristics of creativity identical in all the samples are: “originality”, “innovativeness”, “thinking” and “observational skills”, “flexibility”, “willingness to try”, “self confidence”, and “imagination”; (b) the Taipei sample, unlike the other three samples, does not associate “wisdom”, “assertiveness”, and “individualism” with creativity; (c) in all Chinese populations the three factors labeled innovative, dynamic, and intellectual were distinguishable in the concept of creativity; (d) “artistic” and “humorous” were missing in the Chinese perception of creativity; (e) creativity characteristics received relatively low ratings on the desirability scale.
Knowledge Discovery as an Aid to Organizational Creativity
Authors: SIAU KENG 
Published: December 2011

AbstractComputers can play an important role in the creative process. With the abundance of data and increasing speed of computers, creativity can now be stimulated and enhanced with knowledge mined from available data. The process is known as knowledge discovery or data mining. Knowledge discovery is the process of discovering interesting associations among data in the database. Users in the creativity process can feed on the discovered associations to generate creative solutions. The objective of this paper is to present knowledge discovery as an aid to creativity. The paper first presents the concept of knowledge discovery and then discusses the various techniques in knowledge discovery. Mednick's associative theory of creative thought serves as the theoretical foundation for this research.
Team Performance and Satisfaction: A Link to Cognitive Style Within a Process Framework
Authors: BASADUR MIN , HEAD MILENA 
Published: December 2011

Effective teamwork is becoming increasingly important to organizational success. Advances in network and communication technology have allowed companies to widen their potential team member base, however we still need to better understand how to structure top‐performing teams. This paper proposes forming teams based on their cognitive style, rather than personality, within a process framework.An experiment was conducted to investigate the innovative performance of problem solving groups with three different blends of cognitive styles. As predicted, groups with a heterogeneous blend of styles outperformed groups with completely or partially homogeneous blends. On the other hand, team members' satisfaction scores were lower for heterogeneous teams than either the completely or partially homogeneous teams. There was preliminary evidence that among groups with heterogeneous blends, those with smaller style dispersions might be expected to outperform those with larger style dispersions. There was also room for some speculation that a curvilinear relationship might exist for team members' satisfaction as a function of diversity in team member cognitive style. Implications of these finding are discussed.