bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sulfur mustard induced cytokine production and cell death: Investigating the potential roles of the p38, p53, and NF‐κB signaling pathways with RNA interference
Authors: Ruff Albert L. , Dillman James F. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractCutaneous and ocular injuries caused by sulfur mustard (SM; bis‐(2‐chloroethyl) sulfide) are characterized by severe inflammation and death of exposed cells. Given the known roles of p38MAPK and NF‐κB in inflammatory cytokine production, and the known roles of NF‐κB and p53 in cell fate, these pathways are of particular interest in the study of SM injury. In this study, we utilized inhibitory RNA (RNAi) targeted against p38α, the p50 subunit of NF‐κB, or p53 to characterize their role in SM‐induced inflammation and cell death in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK). Analysis of culture supernatant from 200 μM SM‐exposed cells showed that inflammatory cytokine production was inhibited by p38α RNAi but not by NF‐κB p50 RNAi. These findings further support a critical role for p38 in SM‐induced inflammatory cytokine production in NHEK and suggest that NF‐κB may not play a role in the SM‐induced inflammatory response of this cell type. Inhibition of NF‐κB by p50 RNAi did, however, partially inhibit SM‐induced cell death, suggesting a role for NF‐κB in SM‐induced apoptosis or necrosis. Interestingly, inhibition of p53 by RNAi potentiated SM‐induced cell death, suggesting that the role of p53 in SM injury, may be complex and not simply prodeath. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 24:155–164, 2010; Published online inWiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20321
Small noncoding RNAs: Biogenesis, function, and emerging significance in toxicology
Authors: Choudhuri Supratim 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn recent years, the discovery of small ncRNAs (noncoding RNAs) has unveiled a slew of powerful riboregulators of gene expression. So far, many different types of small ncRNAs have been described. Of these, miRNAs (microRNAs), siRNAs (small interfering RNAs), and piRNAs (Piwi‐interacting RNAs) have been studied in more detail. A significant fraction of genes in most organisms and tissues is targets of these small ncRNAs. Because these tiny RNAs are turning out to be important regulators of gene and genome expression, their aberrant expression profiles are expected to be associated with cellular dysfunction and disease. In fact, an ever‐increasing number of studies have implicated miRNAs and siRNAs in human health and disease ranging from metabolic disorders to diseases of various organ systems as well as various forms of cancer. Nevertheless, despite the flurry of research on these small ncRNAs, many aspects of their biology still remain to be understood. The following discussion focuses on some aspects of the biogenesis and function of small ncRNAs with major emphasis on miRNAs since these are the most widespread endogenous small ncRNAs that have been called “micromanagers” of gene expression. Their emerging significance in toxicology is also discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 24:195–216, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20325
Inhibition by Cu2+ and Cd2+ of a mu‐class glutathione S‐transferase from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Salazar‐Medina Alex J. , García‐Rico Leticia , García‐Orozco Karina D. , Valenzuela‐Soto Elisa , Contreras‐Vergara Carmen A. , Arreola Rodrigo , Arvizu‐Flores Aldo , Sotelo‐Mundo Rogerio R. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractGlutathione S‐transferases (GSTs) are a family of detoxifying enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to electrophiles, thereby increasing the solubility of xenobiotics and aiding its excretion from the cell. The present work presents the inhibition of a mu‐class GST of the marine shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei by copper (Cu2+) and cadmium (Cd2+). The protein was overexpressed in bacteria and its enzymatic activity measured using 1‐chloro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene. The mean inhibitory concentration (IC50) for shrimp GST against Cu2+ was 4.77 μM and for Cd2+ was 0.39 μM. A molecular model of the protein based on the crystal structure of a maize GST bound to cadmium showed that the metal binds in the GSH‐binding site by coordination with Asp and Gln residues. These results are consistent with the experimental data and suggest that sublethal concentration of metals may affect the capacity of the organism to detoxify pesticides or xenobiotics. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 24:218–222, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.20326
Effects of zinc and cadmium on erythrocyte antioxidant systems of a freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Fırat Özgür , Kargın Ferit 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn this work to determine the effects of metals exposure of Oreochromis niloticus on erythrocyte antioxidant systems, fish were exposed to 5.0 mg/L Zn, 1.0 mg/L Cd, and 5.0 mg/L Zn + 1.0 mg/L Cd mixtures for 7 and 14 days and reduced glutathione (GSH) level, catalase (CAT), and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities were investigated. In addition, Zn or Cd levels in whole blood were studied. Erythrocyte GSH level and CAT and G6PD enzyme activities increased in response to single and combined Zn and Cd exposure. The elevation observed in the CAT activity was higher in the Cd alone, and in combination with Zn, than in Zn alone. Time‐dependent alteration was not observed in all antioxidant parameters. Exposure to metals (alone and in mixture) resulted in elevatation of Zn and Cd levels in the blood. Concentration of metals in the blood of fish exposed to the Zn + Cd combination was lower than in fish exposed to the single metal. This study demonstrates that metals caused oxidative stress in fish erythrocytes, and an adaptation with an increase in CAT and G6PD activities and GSH level, which were important in the protection against metal damage, was observed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 24:223–229, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.20327
Compartmentalization of EGFR in cellular membranes: Role of membrane rafts
Authors: Balbis Alejandro , Posner Barry I. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThere is now abundant evidence that the intracellular concentration of the EGFR and many other receptors for peptide hormones and growth factors is important for the temporal and spatial regulation of cell signaling. Spatial control is achieved by the selective compartmentalization of signaling components into endosomes. However further control may be effected by sequestration into sub‐domains within a given organelle such as membrane rafts which are dynamic, nano scale structures rich in cholesterol and sphingolipids. Current data suggest the presence of EGFRs in non‐caveolae membrane rafts. High doses of EGF seem to promote the sorting of EGFR to late endosomes through a raft/cholesterol dependant mechanism, implicating them in EGFR degradation. However our work and that of others has led us to propose a model in which membrane rafts in late endosomes sequester highly active EGFR leading to the recruitment and activation of MAPK in this compartment. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 1103–1108, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: a pilot randomized trial
Authors: Koszycki Diana , Raab Kelley , Aldosary Fahad , Bradwejn Jacques 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis pilot trial evaluated the efficacy of a multifaith spiritually based intervention (SBI) for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Patients meeting DSM‐IV criteria for GAD of at least moderate severity were randomized to either 12 sessions of the SBI (n=11) delivered by a spiritual care counselor or 12 sessions of psychologist‐administered cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT; n=11). Outcome measures were completed at baseline, post‐treatment, and 3‐month and 6‐month follow‐ups. Primary efficacy measures included the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed on the intent‐to‐treat sample using the Last Observation Carried Forward method. Eighteen patients (82%) completed the study. The SBI produced robust and clinically significant reductions from baseline in psychic and somatic symptoms of GAD and was comparable in efficacy to CBT. A reduction in depressive symptoms and improvement in social adjustment was also observed. Treatment response occurred in 63.6% of SBI‐treated and 72.3% of CBT‐treated patients. Gains were maintained at 3‐month and 6‐month follow‐ups. These preliminary findings are encouraging and suggest that a multifaith SBI may be an effective treatment option for GAD. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to establish the efficacy of this intervention. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: 66(4):1–12, 2010.
Psychometric properties of a Turkish version of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale
Authors: Rugancı R. Neslihan , Gençöz Tülin 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; developed by Gratz & Roemer, 2004) in a Turkish sample. For this purpose, first, the factor structure of the scale was examined with a sample of 338 university students, and an identical factor structure with the original scale was obtained with the exclusion of a single item. Following the confirmation of the 6‐factor structure of the scale with the current Turkish sample, the whole scale's and its six subscales' reliability coefficients were examined via internal consistency and test‐retest reliability coefficients. These reliability analyses indicated satisfactory coefficients. As for the concurrent validity, the correlations of DERS and its subscales with measures of psychological distress were examined. This examination generally revealed strong correlations, although the awareness factor of DERS had relatively weaker correlations with the measures of psychological distress. Finally, concerning the criterion validity, all the measures of DERS could significantly differentiate the participants with “high psychological distress” from those with “low psychological distress”; however, for the awareness subscale the effect size was small. These findings were discussed in line with the relevant literature. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 66:1–14, 2010.
Secondary school advisors as mentors and secondary attachment figures
Authors: Van Ryzin Mark 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe teacher–student relationship is vital to student outcomes in secondary school. Unfortunately, the transition from elementary to secondary school is associated with a decrease in the quality or supportiveness of this relationship. In response, some secondary schools implement advisory programs, in which a teacher/advisor meets periodically with a small group of students over an extended period. This study examined whether students (N=209) in two small secondary schools would nominate the advisor as part of their attachment hierarchy. Our results indicated that 40% of the sample considered their advisor to be a secondary attachment figure; further, those that did nominate their advisor reported greater engagement in school and demonstrated greater gains in achievement and adjustment compared to those who did not. A relationship assessment instrument from the attachment literature (RSQ) was found to be more efficacious at predicting student outcomes when compared to instruments used in previous mentoring and relationship research. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Patterns of place‐based self‐regulation and associated mental health of urban adolescents
Authors: Mason Michael J. , Korpela Kalevi , Mennis Jeremy , Coatsworth J. Douglas , Valente Thomas W. , Pomponio Amber , Pate Patricia A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractEfforts to simultaneously address adolescent self‐regulation, activity space (routine locations), and mental health represent a promising social ecological approach aimed at understanding the lives and development of urban youth. This type of examination of contextual influences on self‐regulation is considered an important area of developmental research, yet one that is understudied (McCabe, Cunnington, & Brooks‐Gunn,2004). Little is known about the self‐regulatory experiences that might link specific types of locations with mental health problems, particularly with urban youth who live in areas characterized by chronic and severe stressors such as personal violence, criminal activity, and poverty. Recent research has demonstrated the “power of context” (Tolan, Gorman‐Smith, Henry, Chung, & Hunt,2002) to influence coping styles and has demonstrated that without detailed and specified knowledge of the social ecology of urban youth, measurement of critical variables and interpretation of results are likely to be misinformed (Tolan & Grant,2009). Given the importance of understanding youth through an interactive and contextual framework (Bronfenbrenner,1979; Szapocznik & Coatsworth,1999), the present study examined self‐regulatory experiences, specified favorite locations, and mental health with urban adolescents residing in low‐resource and high‐risk environments. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Why rape survivors participate in the criminal justice system
Authors: Patterson Debra , Campbell Rebecca 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAfter a rape, survivors may seek help from multiple community organizations including the criminal justice system (CJS). Research has found that few survivors report their assaults to the police and of those who do report, many withdraw their participation during the investigation. However, relatively little is known about the factors that lead survivors to participate in the CJS, and how other community services provided by forensic nurses or victim advocates may also help encourage survivor engagement. In the current study, 20 survivors who reported their victimizations to police within a large Midwest county were interviewed about the factors that influenced their involvement in the CJS. Further, we examined the role that the police, forensic nurses, and victim advocates played in their participation. Using qualitative analyses, our findings suggest that informal supports hold a strong role in the reporting process and formal supports are influential in survivors' engagement in the investigational process. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transdifferentiation potentiality of human Wharton's jelly stem cells towards vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Alaminos Miguel , Pérez‐Köhler Bárbara , Garzón Ingrid , García‐Honduvilla Natalio , Romero Beatriz , Campos Antonio , Buján Julia 
Published: February 2010

AbstractHuman Wharton's jelly stem cells (HWJSC) emerged as a potential source of viable cells for use in tissue engineering. In this work, we have analyzed the transdifferentiation capabilities of HWJSC towards transdifferentiated endothelial‐like cells (Tr‐ELC) in order to establish the potential usefulness of these cells in vascular tissue engineering. Our results show that Tr‐ELC became more polygonal and less proliferative than HWJSC, resembling the structure and proliferation rate of the endothelial cells. In addition, the markers of mesenchymal undifferentiation CD9, E‐cad, PODXL, and SSEA‐4 are downregulated in Tr‐ELC, suggesting that these cells can be in the process of adult differentiation. Besides, RT‐PCR and microarray analyses revealed that some genes with a role in defining the endothelial phenotype and structure are upregulated (VEGF‐R1, EDF1, AAMP, CD31, CD34, CDH5, and ICAM2) or downregulated (VEGF) in Tr‐ELC, although a number of genes related to relevant endothelial cell functions (CD36, ECE2, VWF, THBD, PGI2, ECE1, and ACE) did not change or were only partially induced. All this implies that HWJSC are able to efficiently transdifferentiate towards Tr‐ELC at the phenotypical level following a hierarchical pattern of gene activation, with an earlier induction of morphological and phenotypical genes. J. Cell. Physiol. 223:640–647, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Downregulation of hepatic stellate cell activation by retinol and palmitate mediated by adipose differentiation‐related protein (ADRP)
Authors: Lee Ting Fang , Mak Ki M. , Rackovsky Ori , Lin Yun‐Lian , Kwong Allison J. , Loke Johnny C. , Friedman Scott L. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractHepatic stellate cells (HSCs) store retinoids and triacylglycerols in cytoplasmic lipid droplets. Two prominent features of HSC activation in liver fibrosis are loss of lipid droplets along with increase of α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), but the link between these responses and HSC activation remains elusive. In non‐adipose cells, adipose differentiation‐related protein (ADRP) coats lipid droplets and regulates their formation and lipolysis; however its function in HSCs is unknown. Here, we observed, in human liver sections or primary HSC culture, ADRP localization to lipid droplets of HSCs, and reduced staining coincident with loss of lipid droplets in liver fibrosis and in culture‐activated HSCs, consistent with HSC activation. In the LX‐2 human immortalized HSCs, with scant lipid droplets and features of activated HSCs, we found that the upregulation of ADRP mRNA by palmitate is potentiated by retinol, accompanied by increased ADRP protein, generation of retinyl palmitate, and lipid droplet formation. ADRP induction also led to decreased expression of α‐SMA mRNA and its protein, while ADRP knockdown with small interfering RNA (siRNA) normalized α‐SMA expression. Furthermore, ADRP induction by retinol and palmitate resulted in decreased expression of collagen I and matrix metalloproteinase‐2 mRNA, fibrogenic genes associated with activated HSCs, while increasing matrix metalloproteinase‐1 mRNA; ADRP knockdown with siRNA reversed these changes. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐1 was not affected. Thus, ADRP upregulation mediated by retinol and palmitate promotes downregulation of HSC activation and is functionally linked to the expression of fibrogenic genes. J. Cell. Physiol. 223:648–657, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transcriptome study for early hematopoiesis—achievement, challenge and new opportunity
Authors: Wang San Ming , Zhang Michael Q. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractHematopoietic stem progenitor cells are the source for the entire hematopoietic system. Studying gene expression in hematopoietic stem progenitor cells will provide information to understand the genetic programs controlling early hematopoiesis, and to identify the gene targets to interfere hematopoietic disorders. Extensive efforts using cell biology, molecular biology, and genomics approaches have generated rich knowledge for the genes and functional pathways involving in early hematopoiesis. Challenges remain, however, including the rarity of the hematopoietic stem progenitor cells that set physical limitation for the study, the difficulty for reaching comprehensive transcriptome detection under the conventional genomics technologies, and the difficulty for using conventional biological methods to identify the key genes among large number of expressed genes controlling stem cell self‐renewal and differentiation. The newly developed single‐cell transcriptome method and the next‐generation DNA sequencing technology provide new opportunities for transcriptome study for early hematopoietic. Using systems biology approach may reveal the insight of the genetic mechanisms controlling early hematopoiesis. J. Cell. Physiol. 223:549–552, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Therapeutic effect of transplanting β2m−/Thy1+ bone marrow‐derived hepatocyte stem cells transduced with lentiviral‐mediated HGF gene into CCl4‐injured rats
Authors: Hu Jun‐Jie , Sun Chao , Lan Ling , Chen Yuan‐Wen , Li Ding‐Guo 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundβ2m−/Thy1+ bone marrow‐derived hepatocyte stem cells (BDHSCs) isolated from the bone marrow of cholestatic rats by magnetic bead cell sorting consistently express characteristics of both stem and liver cells. These stem cells may be good vehicles for gene transfer. Administration of exogenous hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) may be potentially useful for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Because lentiviral vectors integrate stably into the host‐cell genome of nondividing and dividing cells, it may efficiently transfect β2m−/Thy1+ BDHSCs in vitro and secrete high‐level HGF consistently. Transplantation of β2m−/Thy1+ BDHSCs transduced with lentiviral vectors containing the HGF gene may reduce liver fibrosis in rats.MethodsLentiviral vectors expressing HGF were constructed and used to transduce β2m−/Thy1+ BDHSCs sorted from cholestatic rats in vitro. Transduction efficiency was evaluated and then these cells were transplanted into rats through the portal vein. Liver function as well as histological and immunohistochemical examinations were carried out to assess the therapeutic efficacy on liver fibrosis.ResultsWe demonstrated that high‐level exogenous HGF was detected in supernatants after β2m−/Thy1+ BDHSCs were transfected with lentiviral vectors expressing HGF. Transplantation of transduced β2m−/Thy1+ BDHSCs significantly enhanced liver function and attenuated liver fibrosis in vivo.ConclusionsThe present study indicates that transplantation of β2m−/Thy1+ BDHSCs overexpressing the HGF gene may offer a novel approach for promoting liver function and reverse liver fibrosis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
More severe type 2 diabetes‐associated ischemic stroke injury is alleviated in aldose reductase‐deficient mice
Authors: Yeung Chung‐Man , Lo Amy C.Y. , Cheung Alvin K.H. , Chung Stephen S.M. , Wong David , Chung Sookja K. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAldose reductase (AR), the first enzyme in the polyol pathway, has been implicated in a wide variety of physiological and pathological functions, such as diabetic vascular and neural complications. It is known that diabetes mellitus can exacerbate brain and retina damage after ischemic injuries. However, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. In the present study, we made use of db/db mice with an AR null mutation (AR−/−db/db) to understand better the role of AR in the pathogenesis of brain and retina ischemic injuries under diabetic conditions. Cerebral and retinal ischemia was induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in control and diabetic mice either with or without an AR null mutation. Mice were evaluated for neurological deficits after 30 min of ischemia and 23.5 hr of reperfusion. Our results showed that the diabetic db/db mice had significantly more severe neurological deficit and larger brain infarct size than the nondiabetic mice. Compared with wild‐type db/db mice, the AR−/−db/db mice had significantly lower neurological scores, smaller brain infarct areas, and less hemispheric brain swelling. Retinal swelling was also significantly decreased in the AR−/−db/db mice. Less swelling in the brain and retina of the AR−/−db/db mice correlated with less expression of the water channel aquaporin 4. Taken together, these data clearly show that deletion of AR leads to less severe brain and retinal ischemic injuries in the diabetic db/db mouse. The present study indicates that inhibition of AR in diabetics may protect against damage in the brain and retina following ischemic reperfusion injury. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.