bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of favouring lower alcohol content beverages: Four examples from Finland
Authors: Österberg Esa 
Published: February 2012

Aims This paper studies the possibility of substituting the consumption of one alcoholic beverage category for another by changing alcohol control measures. It examines four Finnish examples: the waiving in 1952 of the requirement to show a special identity card issued by the alcohol monopoly Alko for buying fortifed wines; again binding the sales of fortifed wines to Alko's identity card in 1958; a 1960s alcohol price policy favouring wines and beer over vodka; and the change in alcohol legislation in 1968, which allowed selling medium beer in grocery stores but left the off-premise sales of all stronger alcoholic beverages to Alko's liquor stores. Data Data on recorded consumption of alcoholic beverages in terms of 100 per cent alcohol per capita according to beverage categories will be used together with the numbers of arrests for drunkenness according to beverage categories as well as different data sources on changes in alcohol control measures. Results & Conclusions The four examples from Finland show that strong alcoholic beverages can be substituted for lighter drinks, but this seems to work especially when the lighter beverages can be used for the same purposes as the stronger ones. It is much more difficult to persuade consumers to substitute strong alcoholic beverages for light ones by changing relative alcohol availability or by adjusting prices, if the consumers also have to change their drinking habits by, for instance, substituting binging with vodka for drinking light wines with meals. The Finnish examples also make it clear that changing from one beverage category to another does not automatically result in changing the way to use alcoholic beverages or the drinking habits themselves.
In fear of a reversal back to the spirits-drinking era — the 2004 decrease of Finnish alcohol taxes in public discourse
Authors: Hellman Matilda , Karlsson Thomas 
Published: February 2012

Aims The study investigates how the dissimilar tax reductions for different alcoholic beverages (spirits, wine and beer) were debated during the large tax decrease on alcoholic beverages in Finland in 2004. Design and Data The material comprises parliamentary proceedings and discussions, as well as daily press items (=105) from 2003–2004. Content analyses, both quantitative and qualitative, were performed. Results The parliament's discussion on the unequal treatment of different beverage types concerned mostly the overall framing of a public health perspective, differencing between consumption of “spirits” and “non-spirits”. The mass media framed the question mostly from the industry's point of view. Neither a clear support of the total consumption model (excluding specification of beverage sort), nor a strong liberalisation model for alcohol policy were expressed in the materials. Varying stances were merely motivated within a paradigm of “changing drinking patterns”. Conclusions The differing treatment of different beverage types, especially the large reductions in spirits taxes, was crystallised as the fundamental public health concern surrounding the decision to lower alcohol taxes. In the end of the article the authors ask whether the lack of clear stances other than the drinking pattern framing could imply that the Finnish alcohol policy debate has become more heterogeneous, neutralised or resigned in its basic nature.
A Clinical Prediction Rule for Lymphoma Development in Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome
Authors: BALDINI CHIARA , PEPE PASQUALE , LUCIANO NICOLETTA , FERRO FRANCESCO , TALARICO ROSARIA , GROSSI SARA , TAVONI ANTONIO , BOMBARDIERI STEFANO 
Published: February 2012

Objective.To develop and validate a practical prediction rule for the progression from primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) to B cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (B cell NHL) based on the combination of routinely available clinical and serological disease variables.Methods.The case records of 563 patients with pSS were reviewed, and their demographic, clinical, and immunologic features were collected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors for lymphoma development and to create a propensity score for discrimination between patients at risk of B cell NHL and those patients not at risk. The model was internally validated by resampling procedures.Results.Out of 563 patients with pSS, 387 fulfilling the American European Consensus Group criteria (12 with B cell NHL, 375 without B cell NHL) were included in our study. Salivary gland enlargement (p = 0.001), low C3 (p = 0.035) and/or C4 levels (p = 0.021), and disease duration (p = 0.001) were identified as independent risk factors for B cell NHL in pSS. The optimal threshold of the propensity score was determined at Y = 4.26, which allowed us to identify patients who develop B cell NHL with a sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 95%. The leave-one-out cross-validated prediction error was 6%, and the median bootstrapped sensitivity and specificity were 71% and 95%, respectively.Conclusion.We created a “bedside” prediction model for the identification of patients with pSS who are at risk for B cell NHL, which revealed an excellent discriminative ability and a good internal and external reproducibility.
Hypothyroidism as a Risk Factor for Development of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: McCOY SARA S. , CROWSON CYNTHIA S. , GABRIEL SHERINE E. , MATTESON ERIC L. 
Published: February 2012

Objective.To determine the frequency of hypothyroidism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to elucidate the association of hypothyroidism and development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in these patients.Methods.A retrospective medical record review was performed using all incident cases of adult-onset RA from Olmsted County, MN, USA, that fulfilled criteria for RA in the years 1988–2007. Patients with and without thyroid disease were followed longitudinally for the development of CVD.Results.A cohort of 650 patients with RA and an age and sex-matched comparison cohort of 650 patients without RA was assembled (both cohorts mean age 55.8 yrs; 69% were women). There was no significant difference between cohorts in the presence of hypothyroid disease or subclinical hypothyroidism at time of RA diagnosis. No significant difference was found in the cumulative incidence of hypothyroid disease between the 2 cohorts. Hypothyroid disease was found to be significantly associated with CVD in patients with RA (hazard ratio 2.0; 95% CI 1.1, 3.6). This difference remained significant and unchanged after adjustment for traditional CV risk factors (HR 2.0; 95% CI 1.1, 3.6).Conclusion.No significant difference was found in either incidence or prevalence of hypothyroidism between patients with and those without RA. Hypothyroid disease was significantly associated with CVD in patients with RA, even after adjustment for other traditional CV risk factors.
Production of Autoantibodies against Citrullinated Antigens/Peptides by Human B Cells
Authors: Bellatin Maria F. , Han Mei , Fallena Margarita , Fan Lin , Xia Donglan , Olsen Nancy , Branch Valerie , Karp David , Stastny Peter 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAutoantibodies against citrullinated protein Ags (ACPA) are associated with the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This immune response against citrullinated protein Ags, which is thought to be facilitated by certain MHC HLA-DR alleles, is highly specific for this disease and has been speculated to be involved in the pathogenesis. We have previously studied cultures of B cells for the production of Abs against HLA Ags. The aim of the current study was to examine the role of B cells in the production of ACPA in patients with RA. Peripheral blood B cells from RA patients and healthy people were cultured with EL4-B5, a murine cell line expressing human CD40L, and with T cell factors to stimulate the in vitro production of Abs by B cells isolated from peripheral blood. ACPA were produced by cultured B cells from RA patients, as determined by reactivity to cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP). The results showed that 22% of the healthy persons tested also had B cells that could produce ACPA. Patients with HLA-DR alleles carrying the RA-associated shared epitope appeared to have more B cells with autoimmune potential for CCP than those without such HLA alleles (odds ratio 8.1, p = 0.001). In healthy individuals, anti-CCP–producing B cells were also observed more frequently if the RA-associated MHC genes were present (odds ratio 8.0, p = 0.01). Analysis of B cells in cultures may shed light on the interaction of genetic and environmental factors in the development of RA.
A 17q12 Allele Is Associated with Altered NK Cell Subsets and Function
Authors: Xia Zongqi , Liu Qingquan , Berger Christoph T. , Keenan Brendan T. , Kaliszewska Anna , Cheney Patrick C. , Srivastava Gyan P. , Castillo Irene Wood , De Jager Philip L. , Alter Galit 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
NK cells play an important role in innate immunity. A previous genome-wide association study demonstrated an association between a 17q12 allele (rs9916629C) and lower frequency of CD3−CD56+ NK cells in peripheral blood. We performed an analysis that not only replicates the original result of the genome-wide association study (p = 0.036) but also defines the specific cell subpopulations and functions that are modulated by the rs9916629 polymorphism in a cohort of 96 healthy adult subjects using targeted multiparameter flow cytometric profiling of NK cell phenotypes and functions. We found that rs9916629C is associated with alterations in specific NK cell subsets, including lower frequency of predominantly cytotoxic CD56dim NK cells (p = 0.011), higher frequency of predominantly regulatory CD56bright NK cells (p = 0.019), and a higher proportion of NK cells expressing the inhibitory NKG2A receptor (p = 0.0002). Functionally, rs9916629C is associated with decreased secretion of macrophage inflammatory protein-1β by NK cells in the context of Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (p = 0.039) and increased degranulation in response to MHC class I-deficient B cells (p = 0.017). Transcriptional profiling of NK cells suggests that rs9916629 influences the expression of transcription factors such as TBX21, which has a role in NK cell differentiation, offering a possible mechanism for the phenotypic and functional differences between the different alleles. The rs9916629C allele therefore has a validated effect on the proportion of NK cells in peripheral blood and skews NK cells toward a specific phenotypic and functional profile, potentially influencing the impact that these innate immune cells have on infection and autoimmunity.
Printing Green: Microalgae‐Based Materials for 3D Printing with Light
Authors: Vazquez‐Martel Clara , Florido Martins Lilliana , Genthner Elisa , Almeida Carlos , Martel Quintana Antera , Bastmeyer Martin , Gómez Pinchetti Juan Luis , Blasco Eva 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMicroalgae have emerged as sustainable feedstocks due to their ability to fix CO2 during cultivation, rapid growth rates, and capability to produce a wide variety of metabolites. Several microalgae accumulate lipids in high concentrations, especially triglycerides, along with lipid‐soluble, photoactive pigments such as chlorophylls and derivatives. Microalgae‐derived triglycerides contain longer fatty acid chains with more double bonds on average than vegetable oils, allowing a higher degree of post‐functionalization. Consequently, they are especially suitable as precursors for materials that can be used in 3D printing with light. This work presents the use of microalgae as “biofactories” to generate materials that can be further 3D printed in high resolution. Two taxonomically different strains —Odontella aurita (O. aurita, BEA0921B) and Tetraselmis striata (T. striata, BEA1102B)— are identified as suitable microalgae for this purpose. The extracts obtained from the microalgae (mainly triglycerides with chlorophyll derivatives) are functionalized with photopolymerizable groups and used directly as printable materials (inks) without the need for additional photoinitiators. The fabrication of complex 3D microstructures with sub‐micron resolution is demonstrated. Notably, the 3D printed materials show biocompatibility. These findings open new possibilities for the next generation of sustainable, biobased, and biocompatible materials with great potential in life science applications.
Phonon Engineering in Solid Polymer Electrolyte toward High Safety for Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Shi Xuemin , Jia Zhuangzhuang , Wang Donghai , Jiang Bowen , Liao Yaqi , Zhang Guohua , Wang Qingsong , He Danqi , Huang Yunhui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractExtensively‐used rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) face challenges in achieving high safety and long cycle life. To address such challenges, ultrathin solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) is fabricated with reduced phonon scattering by depositing the composites of ionic‐liquid (1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium dicyamide, EMIM:DCA), polyurethane (PU) and lithium salt on the polyethylene separator. The robust and flexible separator matrix not only reduces the electrolyte thickness and improves the mobility of Li+, but more importantly provides a relatively regular thermal diffusion channel for SPE and reduces the external phonon scattering. Moreover, the introduction of EMIM:DCA successfully breaks the random intermolecular attraction of the PU polymer chain and significantly decreases phonon scattering to enhance the internal thermal conductivity of the polymer. Thus, the thermal conductivity of the as‐obtained SPE increases by approximately six times, and the thermal runaway (TR) of the battery is effectively inhibited. This work demonstrates that optimizing thermal safety of the battery by phonon engineering sheds a new light on the design principle for high‐safety Li‐ion batteries.
3D Spiky Needle‐Clustered Ag@Au Plasmonic Nanoarchitecture for Highly Sensitive and Machine Learning‐Assisted Detection of Multiple Hazardous Molecules
Authors: Seo Hyo Jeong , Kim Jun Young , Yang Jun‐Yeong , Mun Chaewon , Lee Seunghun , Koh Eun Hye , Linh Vo Thi Nhat , Kang Mijeong , Jung Ho Sang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo develop a field applicable hazardous molecular detection system, highly sensitive and multiplex detection capability is required for practical utilization. Here, a paper‐based 3D spiky needle‐clustered gold grown on silver (Ag@Au) plasmonic nanoarchitecture (3D‐SNCP) is fabricated through whole solution process. The developed substrate is investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) to find out morphological development mechanism. Also, finite‐domain time difference (FDTD) simulation is conducted for the observation of electromagnetic field (E‐field) distribution. After surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) characterization, the 3D‐SNCP is utilized for ultra‐sensitive and multiplex hazardous molecular detection, such as bipyridine pesticides including paraquat (PQ), diquat (DQ), and difenzoquat (DIF). Then, each of pesticide molecular Raman signals are trained by a machine learning technique of multinomial logistic regression (MLR), followed by multiplex classificationf of blank, PQ, DQ, DIF, and four mixture types of each pesticide, spiked in real agricultural matrix. The developed 3D‐SNCP substrate combined with the machine learning method successfully verifies the multiple pesticides and it is expected to be applied for various hazardous molecular detection in much complicated matrix environments.
Covalent Phosphazene‐Based Polymers with Fully Heterocyclic Rings for Rapid and Selective Adsorption of Uranium in High Acidity
Authors: Guo Xinghua , Wu Zhikang , Chen Xun , Wang Hongqing , Wang Degao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSelective uranium adsorption in high acidic conditions is essential and extremely challenging. Based on the potential uranium adsorption capacity of phosphazene‐based frameworks, a design of constructing fully heterocyclic covalent phosphazene‐based polymers (CPPs) is proposed by introducing potential coordination structural units rich in Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), and other heteroatoms. The as‐prepared CPP‐N and CPP‐O (CPP‐N/O) with unique ─N═P─NH─C═N‐ and ─N═P─O─C═N─ full heterocyclic structures. Uranium adsorption experiments reveal that under the synergistic coordination of N, O, and other heteroatoms, the saturated sorption capacity of uranium under 1 mol L−1 (M) HNO3 can reach 270 and 275 mg g−1 for CPP‐N and CPP‐O, respectively. The adsorption capacities of CPP‐N and CPP‐O are greater than 130 and 100 mg g−1at 1‐6 M acidity, respectively. Moreover, the selectivity of CPP‐O for uranium under competing ions can reach up to more than 80%. Both CPP‐N/O show stable and excellent uranium adsorption capacity under high acidity, which lays a path for the design and preparation of novel uranium adsorbents applicable to highly acidic environment.
The Networking Brain: How Extracellular Matrix, Cellular Networks, and Vasculature Shape the In Vivo Mechanical Properties of the Brain
Authors: Bergs Judith , Morr Anna S. , Silva Rafaela V. , Infante‐Duarte Carmen , Sack Ingolf 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMechanically, the brain is characterized by both solid and fluid properties. The resulting unique material behavior fosters proliferation, differentiation, and repair of cellular and vascular networks, and optimally protects them from damaging shear forces. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a noninvasive imaging technique that maps the mechanical properties of the brain in vivo. MRE studies have shown that abnormal processes such as neuronal degeneration, demyelination, inflammation, and vascular leakage lead to tissue softening. In contrast, neuronal proliferation, cellular network formation, and higher vascular pressure result in brain stiffening. In addition, brain viscosity has been reported to change with normal blood perfusion variability and brain maturation as well as disease conditions such as tumor invasion. In this article, the contributions of the neuronal, glial, extracellular, and vascular networks are discussed to the coarse‐grained parameters determined by MRE. This reductionist multi‐network model of brain mechanics helps to explain many MRE observations in terms of microanatomical changes and suggests that cerebral viscoelasticity is a suitable imaging marker for brain disease.
Photodeposition‐Based Synthesis of TiO2@IrOx Core–Shell Catalyst for Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis with Low Iridium Loading
Authors: Hoffmeister Darius , Finger Selina , Fiedler Lena , Ma Tien‐Ching , Körner Andreas , Zlatar Matej , Fritsch Birk , Bodnar Kerstin Witte , Carl Simon , Götz Alexander , Zubiri Benjamin Apeleo , Will Johannes , Spiecker Erdmann , Cherevko Serhiy , Freiberg Anna T. S. , Mayrhofer Karl J. J. , Thiele Simon , Hutzler Andreas , van Pham Chuyen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe widespread application of green hydrogen production technologies requires cost reduction of crucial elements. To achieve this, a viable pathway to reduce the iridium loading in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is explored. Herein, a scalable synthesis method based on a photodeposition process for a TiO2@IrOx core–shell catalyst with a reduced iridium content as low as 40 wt.% is presented. Using this synthesis method, titania support particles homogeneously coated with a thin iridium oxide shell of only 2.1 ± 0.4 nm are obtained. The catalyst exhibits not only high ex situ activity, but also decent stability compared to commercially available catalysts. Furthermore, the unique core–shell structure provides a threefold increased electrical powder conductivity compared to structures without the shell. In addition, the low iridium content facilitates the fabrication of sufficiently thick catalyst layers at decreased iridium loadings mitigating the impact of crack formation in the catalyst layer during PEMWE operation. It is demonstrated that the novel TiO2@IrOx core–shell catalyst clearly outperforms the commercial reference in single‐cell tests with an iridium loading below 0.3 mgIr cm−2 exhibiting a superior iridium‐specific power density of 17.9 kW gIr−1 compared to 10.4 kW gIr−1 for the commercial reference.
Robust and Adhesive Laminar Solid Electrolyte with Homogenous and Fast Li‐Ion Conduction for High‐Performance All‐Solid‐State Lithium Metal Battery
Authors: Guo Shiyuan , Su Yuefeng , Yan Kang , Zhao Chenying , Lu Yun , Wang Haoyu , Dong Jinyang , Li Ning , Liu Yun , Guan Yibiao , Wu Feng , Chen Lai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractConstructing composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) integrating the merits of inorganic and organic components is a promising approach to developing high‐performance all‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs). CSEs are now capable of achieving homogeneous and fast Li‐ion flux, but how to escape the trade‐off between mechanical modulus and adhesion is still a challenge. Herein, a strategy to address this issue is proposed, that is, intercalating highly conductive, homogeneous, and viscous‐fluid ionic conductors into robust coordination laminar framework to construct laminar solid electrolyte with homogeneous and fast Li‐ion conduction (LSE‐HFC). A 9 µm‐thick LSH‐HFC, in which poly(ethylene oxide)/succinonitrile is adsorbed by coordination laminar framework with metal–organic framework nanosheets as building blocks, is used here as an example to determine the validity. The Li‐ion transfer mechanism is verified and works across the entire LSE‐HFC, which facilitates homogeneous Li‐ion flux and low migration energy barriers, endowing LSE‐HFC with high ionic conductivity of 5.62 × 10−4 S cm−1 and Li‐ion transference number of 0.78 at 25 °C. Combining the outstanding mechanical strength against punctures and the enhanced adhesion force with electrodes, LSE‐HFC harvests uniform Li plating/stripping behavior. These enable the realization of high‐energy‐density ASSLMBs with excellent cycling stability when being assembled as LiFePO4/Li and LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2/Li cells.