bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Valuing relationships is the basis of ADR's future
Authors: Henry James F. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractLast month, James F. Henry, who founded the CPR Institute for Dispute Resolution, was honored with the American Bar Association's D'Alemberte/Raven Award at the U.S. Supreme Court. The award ceremony was held April 27 during the ABA's Section of Dispute Resolution annual conference. His remarks are adapted below.The award recognizes members of the dispute resolution community who have contributed significantly to the field by developing new or innovative programs, improvements in service and efficiency, research and writings in the area of dispute resolution or continuing education programs. The award is named for Talbot DAlemberte of Tallahassee, Fla., and Robert D. Raven of San Francisco, former ABA presidents and past leaders within the ABA on ADR.The speech text picks up after Henry, who founded CPR in 1979 and served as its president as well as Alternatives' publisher until he retired at the end of last year, thanked the award sponsors.
How mediators can help with relationship repairs
Authors: Golann Dwight 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn Part One last month, author Dwight Golann described the results of a survey he conducted of 32 mediators involving about 60 matters where there was a relationship between the parties. He found, among other things, that integrative settlement terms — though not necessarily those that repair or continue a relationship — appeared in nearly two‐thirds of the survey group's 44 settling cases. But comparatively few parties walked away from the negotiating table into a settlement in which the relationship could be considered repaired. This month, Golann explores the factors that affect the likelihood that a relationship will be revived.
Fulfilling your obligations on mediation capacity
Authors: Cohen Judith 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe mediation is going smoothly … the attorneys are cooperating … but the mediator is starting to get the feeling that the plaintiff is not following the proceedings. The plaintiff looks confused, and the few comments that he has made indicate that he doesn't understand the mediator's role … although the plaintiff's attorney is fully engaged in the mediation, he is not being particularly responsive to his client.
Familial recurrence of urethral stenosis/atresia
Authors: Siebert Joseph R. , Walker Martin P. R. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: We report the familial recurrence of urethral stenosis/atresia in two sibling fetuses with bladder outlet obstruction, severe oligohydramnios, and pulmonary hypoplasia. Urethral obstruction in the fetus, when severe, results in a dilated urinary bladder (megacystis) and associated urinary anomalies (hydroureter, hydronephrosis, renal dysplasia). Distention of the fetal abdomen, the result of megacystis or urinary ascites, leads to stretching and eventually hypoplasia or even absence of abdominal muscles. CASES: This constellation of findings, known by a variety of terms including “prune belly” syndrome, is associated with a variety of urethral changes, including posterior urethral valves and urethral stenosis/atresia. One fetus manifested unilateral postaxial polydactyly of the left hand. CONCLUSIONS: A microdeletion of 6p25.3, identified in mother and one fetus, is not associated with a gene known to be involved in urethral development and therefore of unknown significance. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurobiological effects of pulsed magnetic field on diabetes‐induced neuropathy
Authors: Mert Tufan , Gunay Ismail , Ocal Isil 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn the clinic, although several pharmacological agents or surgical procedures are used to treat diabetes and diabetes‐induced neuropathic pain, their success has been limited. Therefore, development of different alternatives in treatments is very important. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of pulsed magnetic field (PMF) in improving signs and symptoms of diabetic neuropathy. In this study, the effects of PMF treatment were investigated in Streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced acute and chronic diabetic rats by measuring the thermal latencies, mechanical thresholds, whole blood glucose levels and body weights. After STZ administration to rats, blood glucose level elevated and body weight decreased. Although PMF treatment did not affect changes in body weight, the blood glucose levels of PMF‐treated diabetic rats exhibited a decrease during the treatments. Diabetic animals displayed marked decrease in mechanical thresholds and thermal latencies. While treatment of PMF partially restored the mechanical thresholds and thermal latency in acute diabetic rats, PMF caused a corrective effect on only mechanical threshold of chronic diabetic rats. These results suggested that treatment of PMF can potentially ameliorate the painful symptoms of diabetes, such as hyperalgesia and allodynia, by partially preventing the hyperglycemia. Bioelectromagnetics 31:39–47, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytoskeletal forces produced by extremely low‐frequency electric fields acting on extracellular glycoproteins
Authors: Hart Francis X. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe physical mechanism by which cells transduce an applied electric field is not well understood. This article establishes for the first time a direct, quantitative model that links the field to cytoskeletal forces. In a previous article, applied electric fields of physiological strength were shown to produce significant mechanical torques at the cellular level. In this article, the corresponding forces exerted on the cytoskeleton are computed and found to be comparable in magnitude to mechanical forces known to produce physiological effects. In addition to the electrical force, the viscous drag force exerted by the surrounding medium and the restoring force exerted by the neighboring structures are considered in the analysis. For an applied electric field of 10 V/m, the force transmitted to the CD44 receptor of a hyaluronan chain in cartilage is about 1 pN at 10 Hz and 7 pN at 1 Hz. For an applied electric field of 100 V/m, the force transmitted to the cytoskeleton at one focus of the glycocalyx is about 0.5 pN at 10 Hz and 1.3 pN at 1 Hz. Mechanical forces of similar magnitude have been observed to produce physiological effects. Hence, this electromechanical transduction process is a plausible mechanism for the production of physiological effects by such electric fields. Bioelectromagnetics 31:77–84, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica Materials: Self‐Assembly of Carbamothioic Acid‐Bridged Organosilane Precursors
Authors: Gao Ling , Wei Feng , Zhou Yu , Fan Xiao Xing , Wang Ying , Zhu Jian Hua 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA new series of carbamothioic acid‐containing periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) materials has been synthesized by a direct cocondensation method, in which an organosilica precursor N,S‐bis[3‐(triethoxysilyl)propyl]carbamothioic acid (MI) is treated with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), and the nonionic surfactant Pluronic 123 (P123) is used as a template under acidic conditions in the presence of inorganic additives. Moreover, the synthesis of the PMO material consisting of the MI precursor without TEOS has been realized. These novel PMO materials have large surface areas, well‐ordered mesoporous structures, hollow fiberlike morphologies, and thick walls. They are also structurally well‐ordered with a high organosilica precursor content, and the carbamothioic acid groups are thermally stable up to 250 °C. Furthermore, the organosilica materials exhibit hydrothermal stability in basic solution.
Rational Modification of the Hierarchy of Intermolecular Interactions in Molecular Crystal Structures by Using Tunable Halogen Bonds
Authors: Mínguez Espallargas Guillermo , Zordan Fiorenzo , Arroyo Marín Luis , Adams Harry , Shankland Kenneth , van de Streek Jacco , Brammer Lee 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA family of 16 isomolecular salts (3‐XpyH)2[MX′4] (3‐XpyH=3‐halopyridinium; M=Co, Zn; X=(F), Cl, Br, (I); X′=Cl, Br, I) each containing rigid organic cations and tetrahedral halometallate anions has been prepared and characterized by X‐ray single crystal and/or powder diffraction. Their crystal structures reflect the competition and cooperation between non‐covalent interactions: NH⋅⋅⋅X′M hydrogen bonds, CX⋅⋅⋅X′M halogen bonds and π–π stacking. The latter are essentially unchanged in strength across the series, but both halogen bonds and hydrogen bonds are modified in strength upon changing the halogens involved. Changing the organic halogen (X) from F to I strengthens the CX⋅⋅⋅X′M halogen bonds, whereas an analogous change of the inorganic halogen (X′) weakens both halogen bonds and NH⋅⋅⋅X′M hydrogen bonds. By so tuning the strength of the putative halogen bonds from repulsive to weak to moderately strong attractive interactions, the hierarchy of the interactions has been modified rationally leading to systematic changes in crystal packing. Three classes of crystal structure are obtained. In type A (CF⋅⋅⋅X′M) halogen bonds are absent. The structure is directed by NH⋅⋅⋅X′M hydrogen bonds and π‐stacking interactions. In type B structures, involving small organic halogens (X) and large inorganic halogens (X′), long (weak) CX⋅⋅⋅X′M interactions are observed with type I halogen–halogen interaction geometries (CX⋅⋅⋅X′ ≈ X⋅⋅⋅X′M ≈155°), but hydrogen bonds still dominate. Thus, minor but quite significant perturbations from the type A structure arise. In type C, involving larger organic halogens (X) and smaller inorganic halogens (X′), stronger halogen bonds are formed with a type II halogen–halogen interaction geometry (CX⋅⋅⋅X′ ≈180°; X⋅⋅⋅X′M ≈110°) that is electrostatically attractive. The halogen bonds play a major role alongside hydrogen bonds in directing the type C structures, which as a result are quite different from type A and B.
Ionic Liquid Crystals Formed by Self‐Assembly around an Anionic Anthracene Core
Authors: Olivier Jean‐Hubert , Camerel Franck , Barberá Joaquín , Retailleau Pascal , Ziessel Raymond 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe have designed and synthesised a series of modular, mesogenic complexes based on anthracene‐2,6‐disulfonate and trialkoxybenzyl‐functionalised imidazolium cations. Each complex contains a central, rigid, dianionic anthracene core and two flexible monocations bearing paraffin chains anchored on imidazolium rings. Anthracene‐2,6‐disulfonate can be crystallised with various simple alkylammonium ions and, in the case of +N(CH3)2(C16H33)2, a crystal structure determination has shown that the long paraffinic chains are intercalated between the anthracene moieties. The dianion forms columnar mesophases with trialkoxybenzylimidazolium cations, as identified by polarising optical microscopy and X‐ray scattering measurements. Differential scanning calorimetry studies confirmed mesomorphic behaviour from room temperature to about 200 °C for alkyl chains containing 8, 12 and 16 carbon atoms. The strong luminescence of anthracene is maintained in the mesophase and fluorescence measurements confirmed the presence of J aggregates in all cases. The new functional materials described herein provide an easy access to stable and luminescent mesomorphic materials engineered by an ionic self‐assembly process.
Profilin‐1 overexpression restores adherens junctions in MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells in R‐cadherin‐dependent manner
Authors: Zou Li , Hazan Rachel , Roy Partha 
Published: July 2009

AbstractProfilin‐1 (Pfn1), a ubiquitously expressed actin‐binding protein, is downregulated in several different types of adenocarcinoma and elicits tumor‐suppressive effect on breast cancer cell lines. MDA‐MB‐231 (MDA‐231), a breast cancer cell line that displays all the characteristics of post‐epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition and does not form cell–cell adhesion, can be reverted to an epithelioid phenotype by Pfn1 overexpression. This morphological transition is caused by restoration of adherens junctions (AJ) requiring Pfn1's interaction with actin. Pfn1 overexpression increases the expression level of R‐cadherin (a type of cadherin that is endogenously expressed in the parental cell line) and restores AJ in MDA‐231 cells in R‐cadherin‐dependent manner. These findings highlight important role of Pfn1 in the regulation of epithelial cell–cell adhesion. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficacy and toxicity of 2 schedules of frontline rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone plus bortezomib in patients with B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Ribrag Vincent , Gisselbrecht Christian , Haioun Corinne , Salles Gilles , Golfier Jean‐Baptiste , Ertault Marjan , Ferme Christophe , Briere Josette , Brice Pauline , Mounier Nicolas 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Bortezomib demonstrated promising activity in lymphomas. The authors conducted a randomized phase 2 trial of frontline rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R‐CHOP) with the addition of bortezomib in patients with B‐cell lymphoma.METHODS:Patients were randomized between 2 schedules of bortezomib, Arm A (Days 1, 4, 8, and 11) and Arm B (Days 1 and 8), combined with 6 cycles of R‐CHOP. For the first patients (Step 1), bortezomib was given at a dose of 1 mg/m2 in Arm A and 1.3 mg/m2 in Arm B. For the next patients (Step 2), doses were increased to 1.3 mg/m2 and 1.6 mg/m2 in Arms A and B, respectively. The primary endpoint was the rate of complete response (CR) and unconfirmed CR (CR/CRu) after 6 cycles.RESULTS:Forty‐nine patients were included in the study, and 41 patients (84%) achieved a CR/CRu, ie, 18 of 20 patients (90%) in Arm A and 23 of 29 patients (79%) in Arm B. There were 6 partial responses and 2 patients with progressive disease. Neurologic toxicity occurred in 21 patients (43%) and was grade 2 in 11 patients (7 patients in Step 2) and grade 3 in 10 patients (9 patients in Step 2). Other grade 3 and 4 toxicities included constipation (n = 1), infections (n = 3), and cardiac events (n = 2). Grade 3 and 4 thrombocytopenia and leucopenia occurred in 14% and 41% of cycles, respectively.CONCLUSIONS:R‐CHOP + bortezomib was an effective regimen and produced an 84% CR rate. However, the dose‐limiting neurotoxicity should be kept in mind for further trials with vinca alkaloids or other potentially neurotoxic drugs combination therapies. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Genetically transforming human mesenchymal stem cells to sarcomas
Authors: Li Nan , Yang Rui , Zhang Wendong , Dorfman Howard , Rao Pulivarthi , Gorlick Richard 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The cell of origin of sarcoma is still unclear. High‐grade osteosarcomas frequently demonstrate the potential for multipotent differentiation and, along with several other lines of evidence, suggest that human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) might be the cell of origin.METHODS:The hMSCs were transformed with retrovirus containing human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), simian virus 40 large t antigen (SV40 TAg), and lentivirus containing oncogenic H‐Ras serially. The changes of cellular phenotypes and multilineage differentiation capacity were observed and compared with the standard osteosarcoma cell lines.RESULTS:Two distinct genotypic and phenotypic sarcoma cell lines resulted from the same genetic events. The gene expression profiles became more complicated and the karyotype became more chaotic during hMSCs' tumorigenesis. The motility of transformed hMSC was promoted. hMSC and its derivatives could be induced to osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation except that MSC‐TSR4 lost osteogenic differentiation capacity.CONCLUSIONS:Multilineage differentiation potential was retained during tumorigenesis of hMSCs and distinct sarcoma cell lines could arise with the same genetic events, providing good models in better understanding the concept of hMSC and in further investigation of the relationship of hMSCs and osteosarcomas. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Centrosome abnormalities during porcine oocyte aging
Authors: Miao Yi‐liang , Sun Qing‐Yuan , Zhang Xia , Zhao Jian‐Guo , Zhao Ming‐Tao , Spate Lee , Prather Randall S. , Schatten Heide 
Published: July 2009

AbstractCentrosomes are critically important for maintaining meiotic spindle integrity in the meiosis II (MII) stage where oocytes are arrested in most mammalian species before fertilization takes place. In women of advanced ages or during in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures, aneuploidy is frequently seen as a result of oocyte aging, which is strongly related to centrosome instability. Abnormal distribution of centrosomes and microtubules has been reported in aging human and mouse oocytes. This study reports the dynamic changes of centrosomes and the microtubule cytoskeleton in porcine oocytes during aging and treatment by caffeine to restore spindle integrity in aging oocytes. We tested the effects of caffeine on the MII spindle with focus on microtubules and on the centrosome proteins γ‐tubulin and NuMA (nuclear mitotic apparatus protein). The results revealed that in porcine oocytes aged for 48 hr, centrosomes were absent and spindles became abnormal and disorganized; however, caffeine could prevent these changes or restore centrosome integrity in the meiotic spindle poles and displayed similar MII spindles as those seen in fresh oocytes. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of the CYP2D6, EPHX1, MPO, and NQO1 genes in the susceptibility to acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Brazilian children
Authors: Silveira Vanessa da Silva , Canalle Renata , Scrideli Carlos Alberto , Queiroz Rosane Gomes de Paula , Tone Luiz Gonzaga 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPolymorphic variations of several genes associated with dietary effects and exposure to environmental carcinogens may influence susceptibility to leukemia development. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the polymorphisms of debrisoquine hydroxylase (CYP2D6), epoxide hydrolase (EPHX1), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and quinone‐oxoreductase (NQO1), which have been implicated in xenobiotic metabolism, on the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We evaluated the frequency of polymorphisms in the CYP2D6 (*3 and *4), EPHX1 (*2 and *3), MPO (*2), and NQO1 (*2) genes in 206 patients with childhood ALL and in 364 healthy individuals matched for age and gender from a Brazilian population separated by ethnicity (European ancestry and African ancestry), using the PCR‐RFLP method. The CYP2D6 polymorphism variants were associated with an increased risk of ALL. The EPHX1, NQO1, and MPO variant genotypes were significantly associated with a reduced risk of childhood ALL. A significantly stronger protective effect is observed when the EPHX1, NQO1, and MPO variant genotypes are combined suggesting that, CYP2D6 polymorphisms may play a role in the susceptibility to pediatric ALL, whereas the EPHX1, NQO1, and MPO polymorphisms might have a protective function against leukemogenesis. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neutrophil oxidative metabolism in Down syndrome patients with congenital heart defects
Authors: Akinci Ozlem , Mihci Ercan , Tacoy Sukran , Kardelen Firat , Keser Ibrahim , Aslan Mutay 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDown syndrome (DS) occurs when an individual has three, rather than two, copies of the 21st chromosome. Cytosolic superoxide dismutase (SOD‐1) is encoded by a gene on chromosome 21 and thus, SOD‐1 activity is elevated in patients with DS. Forty percent of all cases with DS are associated with congenital heart defects (CHD). Although the contribution of SOD1 to disease phenotype is unknown, it is considered to be a “molecular marker” of the disease. It was hypothesized herein that the presence of CHD may alter the expression of SOD1 and oxidative metabolism in patients with DS. This hypothesis was tested via four experimental groups as follows: patients with DS without CHD, DS patients with CHD, CHD patients without DS and controls. Expression and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and catalase (CAT) were determined in neutrophils from all experimental groups. Intracellular hydrogen peroxide concentration and superoxide release were also evaluated in neutrophils. A significant increase was observed in SOD and GPx amount and activity in patients with DS with and without CHD. No significant difference was found in the amount and activity of MPO and CAT among the different experimental groups. Intracellular hydrogen peroxide concentration was similar in all groups, whereas a prominent decrease was seen in superoxide release in cases with DS. Patients with DS with and without CHD showed no significant differences in any of the measured parameters. The data suggest that CHD observed in patients with DS does not result from altered redox metabolism associated with the disease. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maintenance of bivalve hemocytes for the purpose of delayed DNA strand break assessment using the comet assay
Authors: Hartl Mark G.J. , Grigson Steve J.W. , Sinet Emilie 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe lack of appropriate methods for storing intact and viable cells for the purpose of delayed DNA strand break analysis has hitherto limited the application of the Comet assay to in vitro or in vivo laboratory studies and restricted ecologically more relevant field‐collected samples to sites in proximity to suitable laboratory facilities. In the present article, osmotically corrected cell culture media Hanks Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) and Leibovitz Media (L‐15) were assessed for their suitability as temporary storage media of blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) hemocytes. It was found that hemocytes maintained in either HBSS or L‐15 could be stored for at least 7 days at 4°C without any significant deterioration in cell viability (Trypan blue) or increase in DNA strand breaks, expressed as % tail DNA. This approach allows the acquisition and examination of samples from organisms exposed in situ at previously unsuitable remote sites, thereby greatly increasing the potential ecological relevance of Comet assay‐derived genotoxicity data. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluating the performance of spatio‐temporal Bayesian models in disease mapping
Authors: Ugarte M. D. , Goicoa T. , Ibáñez B. , Militino A. F. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn the last few decades there has been an improvement in the statistical methods used to display the geographical patterns of mortality and disease incidence. These methods consider spatial models to smooth the classical standardized mortality ratio (SMR). Nowadays, interest relies on extending these spatial models to incorporate time trends and spatio‐temporal interactions due to the availability of historical high quality mortality registers recorded during the last 20 years. In this work, alternative Bayesian spatio‐temporal models are fitted using MCMC techniques. The performance of these models is analyzed through a simulation study with two objectives in mind: the first one is to evaluate the relative bias and relative standard error of the posterior mean relative risks, and the second one is to investigate recent Bayesian decision rules to detect raised‐risk areas in a spatio‐temporal context. The simulation study is based on mortality data due to colorectal cancer in males from Navarra, Spain, corresponding to four 5‐year time windows. When there are a number of high‐risk areas in some of the time periods we conclude that the bias of the posterior mean relative risks could be substantial. The decision rules to detect these high‐risk areas should be determined with caution. A final rule combining alternative threshold and cutoff values for the different time periods seems to be needed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.