bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of superparamagnetic iron oxide on tumor‐to‐liver contrast at T2*‐weighted gradient‐echo MRI: Comparison between 3.0T and 1.5T MR systems
Authors: Kim Tonsok , Murakami Takamichi , Hori Masatoshi , Onishi Hiromitsu , Tomoda Kaname , Nakamura Hironobu 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPurposeTo compare 3.0T and 1.5T MR systems in terms of the effect of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) on tumor‐to‐liver contrast in T2*‐weighted gradient‐echo MRI.Materials and MethodsSPIO‐enhanced gradient‐echo MR images of the liver with four different TEs (3, 5.3, 6.5, and 8.5 msec) were obtained by means of 1.5T and 3.0T systems. Quantitative analyses of relative signal intensities (SIs) and relative tumor contrast and qualitative analyses of image quality and lesion conspicuity of the liver were performed in 22 patients, 16 of whom had malignant liver tumors.ResultsWith both 1.5T and 3.0T, at TE = 8.4 msec, the relative SI of liver and relative tumor contrast were significantly (P < 0.01) lower and higher, respectively, than that for any of the other TEs. There were no significant differences in the relative SI of the liver, relative tumor contrast, image quality, and tumor conspicuity for the same TE between the 1.5T and 3.0T systems.ConclusionOur results showed that the effect of SPIO on tumor‐to‐liver contrast at T2*‐weighted gradient‐echo imaging was similar for the 1.5T and 3.0T systems, and that the 8.4‐msec TE was optimal of the four TEs used in this study at 3.0T. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:595–600. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biliary anatomy on 3D MRCP: Comparison of volume‐rendering and maximum‐intensity‐projection algorithms
Authors: Morita Satoru , Saito Naoko , Suzuki Kazufumi , Mitsuhashi Norio 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPurposeTo compare volume‐rendering (VR) and maximum‐intensity‐projection (MIP) of three‐dimensional T2‐weighted turbo spin‐echo magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography using a free‐breathing navigator‐triggered prospective acquisition correction (3D‐TSE‐PACE‐MRCP) to define biliary anatomies.Materials and MethodsVR and MIP images of 3D‐TSE‐PACE‐MRCP for 102 patients were retrospectively evaluated. Interpretation of cystic duct variation and biliary branching patterns of each image were recorded independently by two radiologists in a blinded fashion. Interpretation confidence on a five‐point scale was compared using the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test. The McNemar test was used to compare the accuracies of each reformation with the reference standard obtained by consensus interpretation of both the images and source images.ResultsThe reference standard identified all biliary bifurcations and 95 of 102 cystic duct confluences (93.1%). VR findings agreed with the reference standard findings more often than MIP with regard to cystic duct variation (94 [92.2%] vs. 76 [74.5%], P < 0.01) while there was no significant difference for biliary branching patterns (99 [97.1%] vs. 92 [90.2%], P = 0.092). The mean confidence score was significantly higher with VR than MIP with regard to both cystic duct variation and biliary branching patterns (3.7 vs. 2.4; P < 0.01; 4.1 vs. 3.3; P < 0.01).ConclusionVR reformation of 3D‐TSE‐PACE‐MRCP defines biliary anatomies more accurately than MIP. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:601–606. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo high‐resolution imaging of the injured rat spinal cord using a 3.0T clinical MR scanner
Authors: Sandner Beatrice , Pillai Deepu R. , Heidemann Robin M. , Schuierer Gerhard , Mueller Matthias F. , Bogdahn Ulrich , Schlachetzki Felix , Weidner Norbert 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the feasibility of obtaining high‐resolution MR images for the detection of pathological changes occurring in the injured rat spinal cord with a routine clinical 3.0T imaging system.Materials and MethodsAdult female Fischer 344 rats received thoracic spine contusion injuries. In vivo MR imaging was performed on days 1 and 43 postinjury with a clinical head 3.0T imaging system equipped with a dedicated small animal 4‐channel phased array spine surface coil using T2‐weighted turbo spin‐echo and T1‐weighted spin‐echo sequences.ResultsThe acquired images provide good spatial resolution allowing reliable gray/white matter differentiation in the intact spinal cord as well as detection of hemorrhage, edema, and cystic degenerative changes in the injured rat spinal cord as confirmed by correlation with structural alterations in histological sections.ConclusionResults from the present study demonstrate that a routine clinical MR imaging system can be employed for noninvasive analysis of pathological changes occurring in the injured rat spinal cord and thus might represent a more broadly available, powerful tool to monitor the effects of experimental therapeutic interventions in vivo. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:725–730. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unilateral luteoma of pregnancy mimicking a malignant ovarian mass on magnetic resonance and ultrasound
Authors: Tannus Joao Fernando Kazan , Hertzberg Barbara S. , Haystead Clare M. , Paulson Erik K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLuteoma of pregnancy is a rare, tumorlike ovarian mass that develops during pregnancy and regresses after delivery. Generally, these masses are discovered incidentally during cesarean delivery or tubal ligation. Some of these patients will develop hirsutism or virilization during late pregnancy with or without fetal masculinization due to circulating androgens. The imaging features of this entity have been only rarely reported. An incidentally discovered luteoma of pregnancy in a 23‐year‐old patient during routine obstetric ultrasound is described and the image features in ultrasound and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging are discussed and compared with other studies. The patient underwent surgery to extract this mass considering the imaging findings were suspicious for neoplasia and the size and location could have potentially caused dystocia. This type of mass can mimic ovarian neoplasia and a correlation with imaging and laboratory findings can avoid an unnecessary surgical procedure during pregnancy. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:713–717. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diffusion tensor imaging of the median nerve in healthy and carpal tunnel syndrome subjects
Authors: Stein Dan , Neufeld Arnon , Pasternak Ofer , Graif Moshe , Patish Hagar , Schwimmer Etti , Ziv Efrat , Assaf Yaniv 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPurposeTo determine if diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the median nerve could allow identification of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).Materials and MethodsA total of 13 healthy subjects and 9 CTS patients were scanned on a 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. The MRI protocol included a DTI sequence from which the fractional anisotropy (FA), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and the parallel and radial diffusivities could be extracted. Those parameters were quantified at different locations along the median nerve (proximal to the carpal tunnel, within the carpal tunnel, and distal to the carpal tunnel).ResultsAt the carpal tunnel, the FA, radial diffusivity, and ADC differed significantly between healthy subjects and CTS patients (P < 0.0002). This highly significant difference between the two groups was due to an opposite trend of changes in the DTI indices between the proximal to the carpal tunnel and within the carpal tunnel locations. In healthy subjects the FA increased (+20%, P < 0.001) and the radial diffusivity and ADC decreased (by −15% and −8%, respectively, P < 0.05) between the proximal to the carpal tunnel and within the carpal tunnel locations. In CTS subjects the FA decreased (by −21%, P < 0.05) and the radial diffusivity increased (by +23%, P < 0.01) between the proximal to the carpal tunnel and within the carpal tunnel locations.ConclusionDTI enables visualization and characterization of the median nerve in healthy subjects and CTS patients. DTI indices show clear‐cut discrimination between the two groups and in fact enables the of use DTI in the diagnosis of CTS. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:657–662. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magnetization transfer (MT) asymmetry around the water resonance in human cervical spinal cord
Authors: Ng Man‐Cheuk , Hua Jun , Hu Yong , Luk Keith D. , Lam Edmund Y. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPurposeTo demonstrate the presence of magnetization transfer (MT) asymmetry in human cervical spinal cord due to the interaction between bulk water and semisolid macromolecules (conventional MT), and the chemical exchange dependent saturation transfer (CEST) effect.Materials and MethodsMT asymmetry in the cervical spinal cord (C3/C4–C5) was investigated in 14 healthy male subjects with a 3T magnetic resonance (MR) system. Both spin‐echo (SE) and gradient‐echo (GE) echo‐planar imaging (EPI) sequences, with low‐power off‐resonance radiofrequency irradiation at different frequency offsets, were used.ResultsOur results show that the z‐spectrum in gray/white matter (GM/WM) is asymmetrical about the water resonance frequency in both SE‐EPI and GE‐EPI, with a more significant saturation effect at the lower frequencies (negative frequency offset) far away from water and at the higher frequencies (positive offset) close to water. These are attributed mainly to the conventional MT and CEST effects respectively. Furthermore, the amplitude of MT asymmetry is larger in the SE‐EPI sequence than in the GE‐EPI sequence in the frequency range of amide protons.ConclusionOur results demonstrate the presence of MT asymmetry in human cervical spinal cord, which is consistent with the ones reported in the brain. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:523–528. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proton, diffusion‐weighted imaging, and sodium (23Na) MRI of uterine leiomyomata after MR‐guided high‐intensity focused ultrasound: A preliminary study
Authors: Jacobs Michael A. , Ouwerkerk Ronald , Kamel Ihab , Bottomley Paul A. , Bluemke David A. , Kim Hyun S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPurposeTo determine the feasibility of using combined proton (1H), diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), and sodium (23Na) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to monitor the treatment of uterine leiomyomata (fibroids).Materials and MethodsEight patients with uterine leiomyomata were enrolled and treated using MRI‐guided high‐intensity frequency ultrasound surgery (MRg‐HIFUS). MRI scans collected at baseline and posttreatment consisted of T2‐, T1‐, and 1H DWI, as well as posttreatment 23Na MRI. The 23Na and 1H MRi were coregistered using a replacement phantom method. Regions of interest in treated and untreated uterine leiomyoma tissue were drawn on 1H MRI and DWI, wherein the tissue apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADC) and absolute sodium concentrations were measured.ResultsRegions of treated uterine tissue were clearly identified on both DWI and 23Na images. The sodium concentrations in normal myometrium tissue were 35.8 ± 2.1 mmol (mM), in the fundus; 43.4 ± 3.8 mM, and in the bladder; 65.3 ± 0.8 mM with ADC in normal myometrium of 2.2 ± 0.3 × 10−3mm2/sec. Sodium concentration in untreated leiomyomata were 28 ± 5 mM, and were significantly elevated (41.6 ± 7.6 mM, P < 0.05) after treatment. Apparent diffusion coefficient values in the treated leiomyomata (1.30 ± 0.38 × 10−3 mm2/sec) were decreased compared to areas of untreated leiomyomata (1.75 ± ‐4048μ‐4050μ36 × 10−3 mm2/sec; P = 0.04).ConclusionMultiparametric imaging permits identification of uterine leiomyomata, revealing altered 23Na MRI and DWI levels following noninvasive treatment that provides a mechanism to explore the molecular and metabolic pathways after treatment. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:649–656. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Confirmation of an interglacial age for the Condat tufa (Dordogne, France) from biostratigraphic and isotopic data
Authors: Preece R. C. , Thorpe P. M. , Robinson J. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe Condat tufa is a localised deposit, reaching 8.2m in thickness, composed of freshwater carbonates deposited in a complex series of environments which include marsh, spring and stream facies. Five radiocarbon determinations had previously been obtained from different stratigraphic levels within the tufa and had given a consistent series, ranging from 12320 ± 175 BP to 31050 ± 1500BP. Although the youngest two dates, from near the surface of the tufa, had been rejected as being anomalously young, the older dates were regarded as indicating tufa formation during the last cold stage. Biostratigraphic analyses of the molluscan and ostracod faunas, presented here, demonstrate that the tufa formed under fully temperate conditions throughout. The occurrence of certain snails that are either locally extinct (e.g.Belgrandia marginata) or unknown living in western France (e.g.Daudebardia brevipes), together with the geomorphological setting, suggest that the tufa is of interglacial age. New radiocarbon determinations of the Condat tufa all proved to be >33 Ka BP and support this conclusion.
Raman spectroscopic study of the phosphate mineral churchite‐(Y) YPO4·2H2O
Authors: Frost Ray L. , Sejkora Jiří , Keeffe Eloise C. , Plášil Jakub , Čejka Jiří , Bahfenne Silmarilly 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRaman spectroscopy has been used to study the rare‐earth mineral churchite‐(Y) of formula (Y,REE)(PO4) ·2H2O, where rare‐earth element (REE) is a rare‐earth element. The mineral contains yttrium and, depending on the locality, a range of rare‐earth metals. The Raman spectra of two churchite‐(Y) mineral samples from Jáchymov and Medvědín in the Czech Republic were compared with the Raman spectra of churchite‐(Y) downloaded from the RRUFF data base. The Raman spectra of churchite‐(Y) are characterized by an intense sharp band at 975 cm−1 assigned to the ν1 (PO43−) symmetric stretching mode. A lower intensity band observed at around 1065 cm−1 is attributed to the ν3 (PO43−) antisymmetric stretching mode. The (PO43−) bending modes are observed at 497 cm−1 (ν2) and 563 cm−1 (ν4). Some small differences in the band positions between the four churchite‐(Y) samples from four different localities were found. These differences may be ascribed to the different compositions of the churchite‐(Y) minerals. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of growth hormones and maturity of the fruits on the callus culture of guava (Psidium guajava) fruits using response surface methodology
Authors: Madhavi D L , Chand Nagin , Rajalakshmi D , Patwardhan M V 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGuava, a tropical fruit, is valued for its aroma and is used in many fruit products. Earlier work from this laboratory has shown that the expression of the flavour as a secondary metabolite through tissue culture in vitro is possible. In the present study an attempt has been made to maximise the callus culture growth through optimisation of the hormonal combinations of indole acetic acid (IAA), 2,4‐dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4D) and kinetin (Kn). The effect of using fruits of different maturity was also assessed. The study of the complex interactions of the growth hormones and the identifications of the optimal hormonal levels have been carried out using appropriate design of experiments which are specially framed for such purposes. Simplex optimisation techniques were used to obtain the optimum levels of these hormones for highest relative growth in the experimental region. The results indicate that callus culturing with fruits before reaching climacteric with MS medium supplemented with 0.01 mg litre−1 of IAA and 2,4D and 2.87 mg litre−1 of Kn results in a high relative growth of 8.97 for the callus.
Determination of melamine in milk powder, milk and fish feed by capillary electrophoresis: a good alternative to HPLC
Authors: Wen Yingying , Liu Huitao , Han Ping , Gao Yuan , Luan Feng , Li Xiuyong 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Since September 2008, an increased incidence of kidney stones and renal failure in infants, associated with the ingestion of infant formula contaminated with melamine has been reported in China. Furthermore, melamine was not only found in many protein‐based food commodities, but also in the feeds for cattle and poultry. So it is necessary to develop a suitable method to determine melamine.RESULTS: A capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method for analysis of melamine was developed by use of running electrolyte containing 35 mmol L−1 sodium dihydrogen phosphate at pH 3.5, with UV detection at 210 nm. Regression equation revealed linear relationships (r = 0.9999) between the peak‐area and the content of melamine from 0.8 to 80 µg mL−1. The detection limit was 0.08 µg mL−1. The method was successfully applied to the determination of melamine in milk powder, milk and fish feed, with the recoveries from 94.5% to 103.7%.CONCLUSION: The performance of the CZE method evaluated in terms of precision, limits of detection, accuracy and quantification were comparable and in good agreement with those obtained by the HPLC method, with the advantage of shorter analysis time and lower cost. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Some factors influencing patulin production by Penicillium expansum in pome fruits
Authors: Menniti Anna M , Neri Fiorella , Gregori Roberto , Maccaferri Massimo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: The objective of our study was to examine the effects of Penicillium expansum on patulin production in relation to isolates, species and cultivar type, incidence and severity of decay. In addition, patulin production at different incubation times and its diffusion were also investigated. These factors were evaluated in pome fruits inoculated with P. expansum and kept at 20 °C for short periods of time.RESULTS: The ability of five P. expansum isolates to grow and produce patulin in inoculated Golden Delicious apples varied among the strains from below the limit of quantification to 662 µg kg−1. Variety and species of pome fruits influenced patulin production. P. expansum isolate PE97.IT produced a higher patulin content in apples than in pears. The highest patulin production was 386 µg kg−1 in Golden Delicious. No blue mould symptom appeared in pears inoculated with P. expansum and no patulin was detected after 3 days at 20 °C. However, patulin increased with incubation time after 6 and 8 days. No patulin was detected in healthy pear tissue but it was high in the decayed area.CONCLUSION: Since patulin production is associated primarily with infected rotten tissue, patulin control is possible by using healthy fruits, sorting damaged and rotten fruits before processing. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
A study of N2O decomposition rate constant at high temperature: Application to the reduction of nitrous oxide by hydrogen
Authors: Javoy S. , Mevel R. , Paillard C. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAtomic resonance absorption spectroscopy has been used to investigate the thermal decomposition of N2O by monitoring the formation of O atoms behind reflected shock waves in the temperature range 1490–2490 K and at total pressures from 58 to 347 kPa, by using the mixtures of N2O highly diluted in Ar. For the chosen experimental conditions, the rate coefficient k1,0 for the reaction N2O + Ar → N2 + O + Ar had the greatest effect on the O atom concentration increase, so this reaction rate constant could be deduced by comparison between experiment and computed simulation. In the actual temperature range, we found k1,0 (cm3 mol−1s−1) = 7.2 × 1014 exp(−28878/T(K)), with an overall uncertainty evaluated to be less than 20%, by considering all the parameters, which contributed to uncertainties in the rate constant determination. The possible absorption at the O triplet emission line of N2O has been investigated. The absorption cross section of N2O at the O line has been estimated and taken into account for the determination of k1,0 at high concentrations of N2O and at temperatures lower than 1850 K. The effect of the presence of impurities like H2O on rate constant determination has been examined and was found to be negligible. The choice of the rate coefficient for the consumption of O atoms by reaction with N2O and that of the high‐pressure limiting rate coefficients k1,∞ were also discussed. The rate constant reported in the present study was compared with the literature values and was found to be overall higher than those determined experimentally by other teams in the last decade. Finally, the effect of the modified constant value on reaction rate of diluted Ar–N2O mixtures and H2–N2O–Ar systems was investigated. In the temperature range 1500–2500 K, the use of the rate constant deduced from this study has led to a better prediction of N2O decomposition and N2O reduction by H2 than with lower rate constants proposed in the literature. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 41: 357–375, 2009
Rate constants for the OH reactions with oxygenated organic compounds in aqueous solution
Authors: Gligorovski S. , Rousse D. , George C. H. , Herrmann H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe kinetics of the oxidation of functionalized organic compounds of atmospheric relevance by the hydroxyl radical (OH) was measured in the aqueous phase. Competition kinetics, using the thiocyanate anion (SCN−) as competitor, was applied using both a laser flash photolysis long path absorption (LP‐LPA) setup and a Teflon AF waveguide photolysis (WP) system. Both experiments were intercompared and validated by measuring the rate coefficients for the reaction between OH and acetone where values of k1 = (1.8 ± 0.4) × 108 M−1 s−1 were obtained with the WP system, which agrees very well with the rate constant of k1 = (2.1 ± 0.6) × 108 M−1 s−1 determined before by LP‐LPLA [1]. The following temperature dependencies of the rate constants (M−1 s−1) for the reactions of OH with ketones, dicarboxylic acids, and unsaturated compounds were obtained in Arrhenius' form: Reaction of OH with: methylisobutyl ketone (MIBK): k2 = (1.0 ± 0.1) × 1012 magnified image, N‐methyl pyrrolidone (NMP): k3 = (1.8 ± 0.2) × 1011 exp magnified image, malic acid (pH = 1): k4 = (7.9 ± 0.8) × 1010 magnified image, maleate monoanion (pH = 4.3): k5 = (2.9 ± 0.4) × 1011 magnified image, maleate dianion (pH = 9): k6 = (1.2 ± 0.2) × 1011 magnified image, mesoxalic acid (pH = 1): k7 = (3.8 ± 0.8) × 1010 magnified image, triethyleneglycol divinyl ether (DVE‐3): k9 = (2.3 ± 0.1) × 1013 magnified image methacrolein: k10 = (3.0 ± 0.1) × 1013 magnified image. The Ea/A values are given with full precision to avoid rounding errors. Equations were derived from the regression line of the Evans‐‐Polanyi plot in the form activation energy (Ea) versus bond dissociation energy (BDE) and from the regression line for the region 380 ⩽ BDE ⩽ 412 kJ mol−1 of the Evans–Polanyi plot in the form log kH versus BDE. Both equations can be used as a tool for predicting unknown rate coefficients and activation energy for the reactions of OH with different organics in the aqueous phase. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 41: 309–326, 2009