bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solvothermal synthesis of flower‐like lanthanum tartrate and lanthanum oxide microspheres in ethanol‐water mixed system
Authors: Si Limin , Yue Linhai , Jin Dalai 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMonodispersed lanthanum tartrate microspheres with flower‐like shape were synthesized by a mild solvothermal method using ethanol‐water mixed system as the solvent. Lanthanum oxide with reserved spherical shape was subsequently fabricated by a following calcination process. X‐ray diffraction analyses (XRD), X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry‐differential thermal analysis (TG‐DTA) were employed to characterize the composition, structure, and morphology of the products. The lanthanum tartrate microspheres were aggregated by nanosheets as petals. Size of the aggregation and thickness of the petal vary with the vol.% of ethanol. As the vol.% of ethanol increases the degree of aggregation and the thickness of the petal decrease, and other properties such as the size distribution, dispersion are also modulated. These alterations can be interpreted by the changing dielectric constant of mixed solvent. Such lanthanum tartrate can be applied to fabricate micro‐sphereshaped lanthanum oxide after calcination. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of Zn2+ ions concentration on the optical properties of Zn/Er:LiNbO3 crystals
Authors: Qian Yannan , Wang Rui , Xing Lili , Xu Yanling , Yang Chunhui , Liu Xinrong 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCongruent Er3+(3 mol%):LiNbO3 crystals codoped with ZnO (X mol %, X=0, 3, 6 and 7) were grown by the Czochralski technique. The Er contents in the crystals were measured by an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP‐AES). Under 800 nm excitation, the upconversion emission spectra reveal an enhancement of the green emission with respect to the red emission when the Zn2+ ions are introduced into Er:LiNbO3 crystal. The effect of Zn2+ ions concentration on the intensity ratio of the green to red emission has been investigated. Two cross‐relaxation processes (2H11/2 + 4I13/2 → 4I11/2 + 4F9/2 and 4F7/2 + 4I11/2 → 4F9/2 + 4F9/2) are involved in populating the 4F9/2 state, which bypass the green‐emitting states. The OH‐ absorption spectra indicate that the Zn2+ codoping leads to a decreased concentration of Er3+ cluster sites contributing to the enhancement of the green emission. The studies on UV‐vis absorption spectra show that the heavily codoped with Zn2+ results in the reformation of the Er3+ cluster sites in Er:LiNbO3. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Oligodeoxynucleotide IMT504: lack of effect on immune parameters during islet regeneration in single dose streptozotocin‐induced diabetes
Authors: Bianchi M. S. , Calvo V. , Chasseing N. A. , Lago N. , Libertun C. , Montaner A. D. , Lux‐Lantos V. A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundWe have shown that oligodeoxynucleotide IMT504 improved blood glucose and islet beta‐cell content in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rats, inducing early expression of progenitor markers. Here we determined the effect of IMT504 on islet infiltration and on immunomodulatory proteins indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) and TNF‐α‐stimulated gene/protein 6 (TSG‐6) in islets of STZ‐diabetic rats, at the time of progenitor markers expression.MethodsMale rats were i.p. injected with STZ [60 mg/kg body weight (BW)] or citrate buffer (control) (day 1). Starting on day 4, STZ animals were daily treated with saline (STZ‐saline) or IMT504 (20 mg/kg BW/day s.c., STZ‐IMT504) and killed after two consecutive decreases in blood glucose. Islet area and insulin expression, CD3 (T lymphocytes), CD68 (macrophages), IDO and TSG‐6 immunostainings were determined. Islet infiltration was also evaluated by haematoxylin staining.ResultsSTZ‐induced diabetes in rats, with an important decrease in islet area was reversed by IMT504. Diabetes development did not involve islet infiltration, determined by haematoxylin and by the absence of significant T lymphocyte and macrophage presence. IMT504 did not induce changes in these parameters. IDO was not expressed in controls; the percentages of IDO‐positive islets were very low and similar in STZ‐saline and STZ‐IMT504. Scarce TSG‐6 was expressed in all groups, without significant differences.ConclusionsIMT504 improved insulin content but did not alter IDO or TSG‐6 staining in islets of STZ‐diabetic rats, suggesting that they do not participate in the IMT504‐induced repair process. IMT504 did not per se modify leukocyte presence in islets of diabetic rats. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic Connectivity among Populations of an Endangered Snake Species from Southeastern Australia (Hoplocephalus bungaroides, Elapidae)
Authors: Dubey Sylvain , Sumner Joanna , Pike David A. , Keogh J. Scott , Webb Jonathan K. , Shine Richard 
Published: September 2011

AbstractFor endangered species that persist as apparently isolated populations within a previously more extensive range, the degree of genetic exchange between those populations is critical to conservation and management. A lack of gene flow can exacerbate impacts of threatening processes and delay or prevent colonization of sites after local extirpation. The broad‐headed snake, Hoplocephalus bungaroides, is a small venomous species restricted to a handful of disjunct reserves near Sydney, Australia. Mark‐recapture studies have indicated low vagility for this ambush predator, suggesting that gene flow also may be low. However, our analyses of 11 microsatellite loci from 163 snakes collected in Morton National Park, from six sites within a 10‐km diameter, suggest relatively high rates of gene flow among sites. Most populations exchange genes with each other, with one large population serving as a source area and smaller populations apparently acting as sinks. About half of the juvenile snakes, for which we could reliably infer parentage, were collected from populations other than those in which we collected their putative parents. As expected from the snakes’ reliance on rocky outcrops during cooler months of the year, most gene flow appears to be along sandstone plateaux rather than across the densely forested valleys that separate plateaux. The unexpectedly high rates of gene flow on a landscape scale are encouraging for future conservation of this endangered taxon. For example, wildlife managers could conserve broad‐headed snakes by restoring habitats near extant source populations in areas predicted to be least affected by future climate change.
Nitrone Ylides: Two Possible 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions but Only One Stepwise Formation of all‐cis‐5‐Aryl‐2,3,5‐trisubstituted N‐Hydroxypyrrolidines
Authors: Merino Pedro , Tejero Tomás , Díez‐Martínez Alba , Gültekin Zeynep 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAn efficient methodology for the synthesis of all‐cis‐N‐hydroxypyrrolidines has been developed through the formal [3+2] dipolar cycloaddition of electron‐poor alkenes and nitrone ylides generated from N‐(methoxycarbonylmethyl)nitrones. Treatment of the nitrone with a tertiary amine in the presence of either a lithium salt or butyllithium followed by addition of the alkene at low temperature provided the product in very good chemical yield and excellent diastereoselectivity. Isolation and characterization of a key intermediate demonstrated that the reaction is a stepwise process consisting of an initial Michael addition followed by an intramolecular Mannich‐type reaction.
Modulating cortico‐striatal and thalamo‐cortical functional connectivity with transcranial direct current stimulation
Authors: Polanía Rafael , Paulus Walter , Nitsche Michael A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique that has been shown to alter cortical excitability and activity via application of weak direct currents. Beyond intracortical effects, functional imaging as well as behavioral studies are suggesting additional tDCS‐driven alterations of subcortical areas, however, direct evidence for such effects is scarce. We aimed to investigate the impact of tDCS on cortico‐subcortical functional networks by seed functional connectivity analysis of different striatal and thalamic regions to prove tDCS‐induced alterations of the cortico‐striato‐thalamic circuit. fMRI resting state data sets were acquired immediately before and after 10 min of bipolar tDCS during rest, with the anode/cathode placed over the left primary motor cortex (M1) and the cathode/anode over the contralateral frontopolar cortex. To control for possible placebo effects, an additional sham stimulation session was carried out. Functional coupling between the left thalamus and the ipsilateral primary motor cortex (M1) significantly increased following anodal stimulation over M1. Additionally, functional connectivity between the left caudate nucleus and parietal association cortices was significantly strengthened. In contrast, cathodal tDCS over M1 decreased functional coupling between left M1 and contralateral putamen. In summary, in this study, we show for the first time that tDCS modulates functional connectivity of cortico‐striatal and thalamo‐cortical circuits. Here we highlight that anodal tDCS over M1 is capable of modulating elements of the cortico‐striato‐thalamo‐cortical functional motor circuit. Hum Brain Mapp 33:2499–2508, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Filtering the reality: Functional dissociation of lateral and medial pain systems during sleep in humans
Authors: Bastuji Hélène , Mazza Stéphanie , Perchet Caroline , Frot Maud , Mauguière François , Magnin Michel , Garcia‐Larrea Luis 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBehavioral reactions to sensory stimuli during sleep are scarce despite preservation of sizeable cortical responses. To further understand such dissociation, we recorded intracortical field potentials to painful laser pulses in humans during waking and all‐night sleep. Recordings were obtained from the three cortical structures receiving 95% of the spinothalamic cortical input in primates, namely the parietal operculum, posterior insula, and mid‐anterior cingulate cortex. The dynamics of responses during sleep differed among cortical sites. In sleep Stage 2, evoked potential amplitudes were similarly attenuated relative to waking in all three cortical regions. During paradoxical, or rapid eye movements (REM), sleep, opercular and insular potentials remained stable in comparison with Stage 2, whereas the responses from mid‐anterior cingulate abated drastically, and decreasing below background noise in half of the subjects. Thus, while the lateral operculo‐insular system subserving sensory analysis of somatic stimuli remained active during paradoxical‐REM sleep, mid‐anterior cingulate processes related to orienting and avoidance behavior were suppressed. Dissociation between sensory and orienting‐motor networks might explain why nociceptive stimuli can be either neglected or incorporated into dreams without awakening the subject. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Crosstalk between mitochondrial (dys)function and mitochondrial abundance
Authors: Michel Sébastien , Wanet Anaïs , De Pauw Aurélia , Rommelaere Guillaume , Arnould Thierry , Renard Patricia 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA controlled regulation of mitochondrial mass through either the production (biogenesis) or the degradation (mitochondrial quality control) of the organelle represents a crucial step for proper mitochondrial and cell function. Key steps of mitochondrial biogenesis and quality control are overviewed, with an emphasis on the role of mitochondrial chaperones and proteases that keep mitochondria fully functional, provided the mitochondrial activity impairment is not excessive. In this case, the whole organelle is degraded by mitochondrial autophagy or “mitophagy.” Beside the maintenance of adequate mitochondrial abundance and functions for cell homeostasis, mitochondrial biogenesis might be enhanced, through discussed signaling pathways, in response to various physiological stimuli, like contractile activity, exposure to low temperatures, caloric restriction, and stem cells differentiation. In addition, mitochondrial dysfunction might also initiate a retrograde response, enabling cell adaptation through increased mitochondrial biogenesis. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 2297–2310, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long cycles in subgraphs of (pseudo)random directed graphs
Authors: Ben‐Eliezer Ido , Krivelevich Michael , Sudakov Benny 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe study the resilience of random and pseudorandom directed graphs with respect to the property of having long directed cycles. For every 08γ81/2 we find a constant c = c(γ) such that the following holds. Let G = (V, E) be a (pseudo)random directed graph on n vertices and with at least a linear number of edges, and let G′ be a subgraph of G with (1/2 + γ)|E| edges. Then G′ contains a directed cycle of length at least (c − o(1))n. Moreover, there is a subgraph G′′of G with (1/2 + γ − o(1))|E| edges that does not contain a cycle of length at least cn. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 70: 284–296, 2012
Supine breast MRI
Authors: Siegler Peter , Holloway Claire M.B. , Causer Petrina , Thevathasan Gilbert , Plewes Donald B. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPurpose:To achieve high‐quality unilateral supine breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a step to facilitate image aiding of clinical applications, which are often performed in the supine position. Contrast‐enhanced breast MRI is a powerful tool for the diagnosis of cancer. However, prone patient positioning typically used for breast MRI hinders its use for image aiding.Materials and Methods:A fixture and a flexible four‐element receive coil were designed for patient‐specific shaping and placement of the coil in close conformity to the supine breast. A 3D spoiled gradient sequence was modified to incorporate compensation of respiratory motion. The entire setup was tested in volunteer experiments and in a pilot patient study.Results:The flexible coil design and the motion compensation produced supine breast MR images of high diagnostic value. Variations in breast shape and in tissue morphology within the breast were observed between a supine and a diagnostic prone MRI of a patient.Conclusion:The presented supine breast MRI achieved an image quality comparable to diagnostic breast MRI. Since supine positioning is common in many clinical applications such as ultrasound‐guided breast biopsy or breast‐conserving surgery, the registration of the supine images will aid these applications. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In vivo and ex vivo measurements of the mean ADC values of lipid necrotic core and hemorrhage obtained from diffusion weighted imaging in human atherosclerotic plaques
Authors: Kim Seong‐Eun , Treiman Gerald S. , Roberts John A. , Jeong Eun‐Kee , Shi Xianfeng , Hadley J. Rock , Parker Dennis L. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPurpose:To determine the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of lipid and hemorrhage in atherosclerotic plaque in human carotid arteries in vivo and compare the values obtained from ex vivo carotid endarterectomy specimens.Materials and Methods:In vivo diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) of carotid plaques was performed using a 2D single shot Interleaved Multislice Inner Volume Diffusion Weighted Echo Planar Imaging (2D ss‐IMIV DWEPI) on 8 subjects who subsequently underwent carotid endarterectomy. A total of 32 slices used to construct the ADC maps were reviewed for the measurement of the mean ADC values in vessel wall, hemorrhage, and lipid necrotic core. The 8 endarterectomy specimens were scanned using by three‐dimensional ms‐IV‐DWEPI. After the ADC maps were created, the mean ADC values in the same locations selected for in vivo values were calculated.Results:The mean ADC values obtained from in vivo DWI in normal vessel wall, lipid rich core, and hemorrhage were 1.27 ± 0.16, 0.38 ± 0.1, and 0.98 ± 0.25 × 10−3 mm2/s, respectively. The mean ADC values in ex vivo lipid necrotic core, and hemorrhage were 0.33 ± 0.08, 1.28 ± 0.10 × 10−3 mm2/s, respectively. These components mean ADC values obtained from in vivo and ex vivo ADC maps were compared.Conclusion:ADC values of the carotid plaque components in vivo are consistent with values obtained from ex vivo endarterectomy specimens. The ability to obtain consistent plaque ADC values in vivo indicates that this technique could be an integral part of the basis for plaque component identification in conjunction with other MRI techniques. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigating the effects of low dose alcohol on neural timing using functional MRI
Authors: Klahr Nelson J. , Wright Paul , Lu Guangming , Merlo Lisa , Zhang Yi , He Guojun , Gold Mark S. , Liu Yijun 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPurpose:To examine human brain function related to the perception of short time intervals before and after ingesting a low dosage of alcohol (0.25 g/kg).Materials and Methods:The experiment used a novel paradigm that required participants to view a virtual traffic‐light (TL) stimulus while estimating the length of a short time interval (Timing task) and counting several flashes (Counting task). The influence of alcohol was evaluated by measuring behavioral performance in terms of accuracy and reaction time as well as simultaneously measuring changes in the blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) signal using functional MRI.Results:Our results indicated that, for both the Pre‐Drink and Post‐Drink conditions, the left cerebellum, right inferior parietal lobe, right insula, and medial frontal gyrus, revealed greater BOLD signal increases for Timing than for Counting. In the Pre‐Drink state, the Timing task demonstrated increased BOLD signal changes relative to the Counting task in the bilateral prefrontal cortex, left insula, right SMA, and in the left ventrolateral thalamus. Most notably, the right superior parietal lobe (BA 5/7) showed a BOLD signal increase in the Post‐Drink state for both the Counting and Timing tasks, thus possibly suggesting the recruitment of additional resources to sustain accurate neural timing.Conclusion:Understanding the harmful impact of short‐term alcohol administration on tasks that heavily rely on accurate temporal processing will hopefully contribute to the long‐term prevention of its unfortunate and deleterious consequences. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Immunoregulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by the selective CB1 receptor antagonist
Authors: Lou Zhi‐Yin , Zhao Chong‐Bo , Xiao Bao‐Guo 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDuring immune‐mediated demyelinating lesions, the endocannabinoid system is involved in the pathogenesis of both neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration through different mechanisms. Here we explored the cellular distribution of the CB1 receptor (CB1R) in the central nervous system (CNS) and detected the level of CB1R expression during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by RT‐qPCR, Western blotting, and immunostaining. Expression of CB1R was observed in neurons and microglia/macrophages but was barely detected in astrocytes. During EAE, the expression of CB1R in spinal cords was reduced at days 9, 17, and 28 postimmunization (p.i.), but the level of CB1R expression in spleens did not show a significant difference compared with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)‐immunized mice. A selective CB1R antagonist (SR141716A) increased EAE clinical score, accompanied by weight loss. Unexpectedly, SR141716A inhibited the expression of CB1R but increased the expression of CB2R in brains, spinal cords, and spleens simultaneously. The administration of SR141716A increased interferon‐γ, interleukin‐17 (IL‐17), and inflammatory cytokines such as IL‐1β, IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐α in brains and/or spinal cords. A similar increase was observed in spontaneous and specific antigen‐stimulated splenic mononuclear cells compared with vehicle controls. Interestingly, the expression of CX3CL1 was increased in brains and spinal cords but declined in spleens of EAE mice treated with SR141716A. These results indicate that manipulation of the CB1R may have therapeutic value in MS, but its complexity remains to be carefully considered and studied in further clinical application. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cytoskeletal dissolution blocks oxidant release and cell death in injured cartilage
Authors: Sauter Ellen , Buckwalter Joseph A. , McKinley Todd O. , Martin James A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe mechanisms by which articular surface impact causes post‐traumatic osteoarthritis are not well understood, but studies of cartilage explants implicate the mitochondrial electron transport chain as a source of oxidants that cause chondrocyte death from mechanical injury. The linkage of mitochondria to the cytoskeleton suggests that they might release oxidants in response to mechanical strain, an effect that disrupting the cytoskeleton would prevent. To test this we investigated the effects of agents that promote the dissolution of microfilaments (cytochalasin B) or microtubules (nocodazole) on oxidant production and chondrocyte death following impact injury. Osteochondral explants treated with cytochalasin B or nocodazole for 4 h were impacted (7 J/cm2) and stained for oxidant production directly after impact and for cell viability 24 h after impact. Surfaces within and outside impact sites were then imaged by confocal microscopy. Both agents significantly reduced impact‐induced oxidant release (p < 0.05); however, cytochalasin B was more effective than nocodazole (>60% reduction vs. 40% reduction, respectively). Both agents also prevented impact induced cell death. Dissolution of the cytoskeleton by both drugs was confirmed by phalloidin staining and confocal microscopy. These findings show that chondrocyte mortality from impact injury depends substantially on mitochondrial–cytoskeletal linkage, suggesting new approaches to stem mechanically induced cartilage degeneration. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:593–598, 2012
C5aR‐antagonist significantly reduces the deleterious effect of a blunt chest trauma on fracture healing
Authors: Recknagel Stefan , Bindl Ronny , Kurz Julian , Wehner Tim , Schoengraf Philipp , Ehrnthaller Christian , Qu Hongchang , Gebhard Florian , Huber‐Lang Markus , Lambris John D. , Claes Lutz , Ignatius Anita 
Published: September 2011

AbstractConfirming clinical evidence, we recently demonstrated that a blunt chest trauma considerably impaired fracture healing in rats, possibly via the interaction of posttraumatic systemic inflammation with local healing processes, the underlying mechanisms being unknown. An important trigger of systemic inflammation is the complement system, with the potent anaphylatoxin C5a. Therefore, we investigated whether the impairment of fracture healing by a severe trauma resulted from systemically activated complement. Rats received a blunt chest trauma and a femur osteotomy stabilized with an external fixator. To inhibit the C5a‐dependent posttraumatic systemic inflammation, half of the rats received a C5aR‐antagonist intravenously immediately and 12 h after the thoracic trauma. Compared to the controls (control peptide), the treatment with the C5aR‐antagonist led to a significantly increased flexural rigidity (three‐point‐bending test), an improved bony bridging of the fracture gap, and a slightly larger and qualitatively improved callus (µCT, histomorphometry) after 35 days. In conclusion, immunomodulation by a C5aR‐antagonist could abolish the deleterious effects of a thoracic trauma on fracture healing, possibly by influencing the function of inflammatory and bone cells locally at the fracture site. C5a could possibly represent a target to prevent delayed bone healing in patients with severe trauma. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:581–586, 2012