bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data Envelopment Analysis to Evaluate the Reliance and Engagement of Florida Communities on Gulf of Mexico Commercial Red Snapper Fisheries
Authors: Alsharif Kamal A , Miller Nathan 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT
The red snapper fishery is impacted by the individual fishing quotas (IFQ) program, which is considered a new paradigm for the red snapper fishery in the Gulf of Mexico. The commercial red snapper fishery is one of the essential fishing industries in Florida, and its management is crucial to maintain healthy, sustainable communities. To determine the involvement of Florida Gulf Coast communities in the commercial red snapper fishery and thus the potential extent of fishery-related decisions, this study made use of data envelopment analysis (DEA), an estimation performance technique. Some of the most interesting findings of this study show that larger communities tended to be more engaged in the fishery than they were reliant on it, whereas smaller communities with populations of 5,000 people or fewer tended to exhibit more reliance on the fishery than larger or even mid-sized communities.
RESUMEN
La pesquería de huachinango es impactada por el programa de Cuotas Individuales de Pesca (CIP), el cual se considera como el nuevo paradigma para esta pesquería en el Golfo de México. La pesquería del huachinango es esencial en las industrias pesqueras de Florida, y su manejo es crucial en el mantenimiento de la salud y sustentabilidad de las comunidades. Para determinar el grado de involucramiento de las comunidades costeras de Florida en la pesquería comercial de huachinango y, por consiguiente, el alcance potencial de las decisiones relativas a la pesquería, en este estudio se utilizó el Análisis de Inclusión de Datos (AIC); técnica empleada para estimar desempeño. Algunos de los hallazgos más interesantes de este trabajo mostraron que comunidades numerosas tienden a comprometerse con la pesquería más que a confiar en ella, mientras que las comunidades más pequeñas, compuestas por 5,000 personas o menos, tendieron a exhibir más confianza en la pesquería en comparación con las comunidades medianas o grandes
TIPS-DBC small molecule O-FETs fabricated by evaporation and solution processing
Authors: Gruszecki Daniel , Singh Birendra , Bown Mark , Lewis David 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
The performance of organic field effect transistors using the small molecule, tri-isopropyl- silane-di-benzo chrysene (TIPS-DBC) is reported. The field effect mobility μFE is found to depend on the deposition conditions, which affect the morphology of the film. A mobility in the range of 1.5 × 10−6 to 2.4 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1 is obtained from the evaporated films depending on the substrate treatment and deposition temperature, while films deposited by solution-processing techniques yield mobilities in the range of 0.7 × 10−3 to 1.5 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1. The enhanced performance in polycrystalline solution-processed coatings and its relationship to crystallite size is an important parameter in the design of high-performance devices based on small molecules.
Bimodal gate-dielectric deposition for improved performance of AlGaN/GaN metal–oxide–semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistors
Authors: Pang Liang , Kim Kyekyoon (Kevin) 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
A bimodal deposition scheme combining radiofrequency magnetron sputtering and plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) is proposed as a means for improving the performance of GaN-based metal–oxide–semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistors (MOSHEMTs). High-density sputtered-SiO2 is utilized to reduce the gate leakage current and enhance the breakdown voltage while low-density PECVD-SiO2 is employed to buffer the sputtering damage and further increase the drain current by engineering the stress-induced-polarization. Thus-fabricated MOSHEMT exhibited a low leakage current of 4.21 × 10−9 A mm−1 and high breakdown voltage of 634 V for a gate–drain distance of 6 µm, demonstrating the promise of bimodal-SiO2 deposition scheme for the development of GaN-based MOSHEMTs for high-power application.
Point-to-plane pulsed discharge initiated flame structure modification in propane–air flame
Authors: Schmidt Jacob B , Ganguly Biswa N 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
The effect of a point-to-plane pulsed discharge on a propane/air flame has been investigated by phase-locked simultaneous measurements of the change in gas temperature and OH planar laser-induced-fluorescence (PLIF). Phase-locked simultaneous measurement of gas temperature through spontaneous Raman scattering and OH PLIF with the variation of pulsed plasma energy and plasma generation location with respect to the flame holder and flame reaction zone have been performed. A fast rise time (15 ns) and a slower rise time (150 ns) high voltage pulsers are used to produce OH radical densities 50% greater than the ambient flame produced OH radicals in both lean and rich premixed flames. The excess OH radical densities were found to decay to the 50% level with time constants greater than 100 µs in the burnt gas regions with gas temperatures greater than 1000 K. The flame perturbation was dependent on the pulse repetition rates as well as on the pulse rise time for similar energy deposition per pulse. A laser photo-deflection measurement of acoustic pressure pulse generation by the pulsed discharge suggests that flame perturbation by the downstream plasma is caused mostly by flow perturbation.
Effect of surface treatment on hot-filament chemical vapour deposition grown diamond films
Authors: Ali M , Ürgen M , Atta M A 
Published: January 2012

Diamond film growth without seeding treatment has been the subject of numerous studies. In this study, diamond films with/without seeding treatment were grown on silicon using hot-filament chemical vapour deposition. An inexpensive and simple approach, namely ‘dry ultrasonic treatment’, was introduced in which full coverage of the diamond film was achieved over the substrate having no prior seeding treatment. For comparison purposes, two substrates were seeded with different sizes of diamond particles, 5 µm by hand and 30–40 µm by ultrasonic agitation, prior to deposition. The produced diamond films were examined through standard characterization tools and distinct features were observed in each film. The diamond film grown without the seeding treatment shows slightly lower growth rate (1 µm h−1) but bigger grain size up to 8 µm compared with seeded films. Here we show the growth of uniform and high-purity diamond films free from nano-sized grains, which are grown without any seeding treatment.
Effect of Mn substitution on crystal structure and magnetic properties of Bi1−xPrxFeO3 multiferroics
Authors: Khomchenko V A , Troyanchuk I O , Kovetskaya M I , Kopcewicz M , Paixão J A 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Mn substitution-driven structural and magnetic phase evolution in the predominantly antiferromagnetic polar rhombohedral (space group R3c) and weak ferromagnetic antipolar orthorhombic (space group Pnam) phases of the Bi1−x
Pr
x
FeO3 perovskites was studied by x-ray diffraction, 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetometry techniques at room temperature. Mn doping was found to effectively modify both the initial structures to stabilize a new phase demonstrating incommensurable modulation. Magnetic behaviour of the Mn-containing samples changes in correlation with the evolution of their structural state. Within the compositional range of the rhombohedrally distorted compounds, the manganese substitution gives rise to suppression of the dominant antiferromagnetic interaction. In the weak ferromagnetic doping-induced phase, a gradual decrease in room temperature spontaneous magnetization takes place with increasing Mn content.
Optical properties of zinc nitride films deposited by the rf magnetron sputtering method
Authors: Jayatissa Ahalapitiya H , Wen Ting , Gautam Madhav 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Photoconductivity of zinc nitride films prepared by the reactive radio frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering method is reported. It was observed that the as-deposited zinc nitride films did not exhibit photoconductivity whereas the annealed films under ambient conditions above 275 °C indicated some photoconductivity. The photoconductivity of annealed zinc nitrides exhibited at a measurement temperature as high as 100 °C suggesting that the carrier generation was governed by band gap transition. Photoconductivity was observed for the films annealed in air while the films annealed in nitrogen and ammonia ambient did not exhibit any photoconductive phenomenon. The results indicate that the content of nitrogen in the zinc nitride films plays an important role in electronic properties. The effect of annealing on photoconductivity was interpreted as due to the removal of extra nitrogen, which was included in the films during the sputter deposition process.
Recent data suggest no further recovery in North Sea Large Fish Indicator
Authors: Fung Tak , Farnsworth Keith D. , Reid David G. , Rossberg Axel G. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Fung, T., Farnsworth, K. D., Reid, D. G., Rossberg, A. G. 2012. Recent data suggest no further recovery in North Sea Large Fish Indicator. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 235–239. We detail the calculations of North Sea Large Fish Indicator values for 2009–2011, demonstrating an apparent stall in recovery. Therefore, recovery to the Marine Strategy Framework Directive's good environmental status of 0.3 by the 2020 deadline now looks less certain and may take longer than was expected using data from 2006 to 2008.
Plant Defense Mechanisms Are Activated during Biotrophic and Necrotrophic Development of Colletotricum graminicola in Maize
Authors: Vargas Walter A. , Martín José M. Sanz , Rech Gabriel E. , Rivera Lina P. , Benito Ernesto P. , Díaz-Mínguez José M. , Thon Michael R. , Sukno Serenella A. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Hemibiotrophic plant pathogens first establish a biotrophic interaction with the host plant and later switch to a destructive necrotrophic lifestyle. Studies of biotrophic pathogens have shown that they actively suppress plant defenses after an initial microbe-associated molecular pattern-triggered activation. In contrast, studies of the hemibiotrophs suggest that they do not suppress plant defenses during the biotrophic phase, indicating that while there are similarities between the biotrophic phase of hemibiotrophs and biotrophic pathogens, the two lifestyles are not analogous. We performed transcriptomic, histological, and biochemical studies of the early events during the infection of maize (Zea mays) with Colletotrichum graminicola, a model pathosystem for the study of hemibiotrophy. Time-course experiments revealed that mRNAs of several defense-related genes, reactive oxygen species, and antimicrobial compounds all begin to accumulate early in the infection process and continue to accumulate during the biotrophic stage. We also discovered the production of maize-derived vesicular bodies containing hydrogen peroxide targeting the fungal hyphae. We describe the fungal respiratory burst during host infection, paralleled by superoxide ion production in specific fungal cells during the transition from biotrophy to a necrotrophic lifestyle. We also identified several novel putative fungal effectors and studied their expression during anthracnose development in maize. Our results demonstrate a strong induction of defense mechanisms occurring in maize cells during C. graminicola infection, even during the biotrophic development of the pathogen. We hypothesize that the switch to necrotrophic growth enables the fungus to evade the effects of the plant immune system and allows for full fungal pathogenicity.
Concomitant use of clopidogrel and statins and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events following coronary stent implantation
Authors: Schmidt Morten , Johansen Martin B. , Maeng Michael , Kaltoft Anne , Jensen Lisette O. , Tilsted Hans‐Henrik , Bøtker Hans E. , Baron John A. , Sørensen Henrik Toft 
Published: January 2012

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT• The CYP3A4 inhibition by lipophilic statins may attenuate the effectiveness of clopidogrel.• No studies have measured drug exposure in a time‐varying manner that detects discontinuation and restart of clopidogrel and statin therapy, allowing clinical quantification of the interaction effect.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS• Clopidogrel and CYP3A4‐metabolizing statin use were each associated with a substantially reduced rate of major adverse cardiovascular events within 12 months after coronary stent implantation.• Although we observed an interaction between use of clopidogrel and statins, statin use vs. non‐use was not associated with an increased rate of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients using clopidogrel after coronary stent implantation.AIMS To examine whether CYP3A4‐metabolizing statin use modified the association between clopidogrel use and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after coronary stent implantation, using time‐varying drug exposure ascertainment.METHODS We conducted this population‐based cohort study in Western Denmark (population: 3 million) using medical databases. We identified all 13 001 patients with coronary stent implantation between 2002 and 2005 and their comorbidities. During 12 months of follow‐up, we tracked the use of clopidogrel and CYP3A4‐metabolizing statins and the rate of MACE. We used Cox regression to compute hazard ratios (HRs) controlling for potential confounders.RESULTS The rate of MACE per 1000 person years was 104 for concomitant clopidogrel and statin use, 130 for clopidogrel without statin use, 108 for statin without clopidogrel use and 446 for no use of either drug. The adjusted HR comparing clopidogrel use with non‐use was 0.68 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.58, 0.79) among statin users and 0.34 (95% CI 0.29, 0.40) among statin non‐users, yielding an interaction effect (i.e. relative rate increase) of 1.97 (95% CI 1.59, 2.44). The adjusted HR for MACE comparing statin use with non‐use was 0.97 (95% CI 0.83, 1.13) among clopidogrel users and 0.49 (95% CI 0.42, 0.57) among clopidogrel non‐users.CONCLUSIONS Clopidogrel and CYP3A4‐metabolizing statin use were each associated with a substantially reduced rate of MACE within 12 months after coronary stent implantation. Although we observed an interaction between use of clopidogrel and statins, statin use vs. non‐use was not associated with an increased rate of MACE in patients using clopidogrel after coronary stent implantation.
Bioequivalence of two omega‐3 fatty acid ethyl ester formulations: a case of clinical pharmacology of dietary supplements
Authors: Galli Claudio , Maggi Franco M. , Risé Patrizia , Sirtori Cesare R. 
Published: January 2012

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT• Omega‐3 fatty acids are dietary components, present in the body with variable blood concentrations.• Bioavailability evaluations of ethyl ester preparations are hampered by the difficulty in achieving similar concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the preparations being compared. This may require questionable corrections for baseline concentrations.• If repeated doses are given, this may lead to errors because of variable dietary fish intake. If a single dose is selected, this needs to be large, since omega‐3 LC‐PUFA are present in many compartments.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS• We selected subjects with uniform omega‐3 background concentrations, to obtain comparable results at the end of treatment.• Testing bioequivalence of two formulations with different EPA : DHA ratios led to single dose intakes of 12 g, which were well tolerated.• In spite of clear differences in EPA : DHA ratios between the two preparations, plasma ratios did not differ and bioequivalence could be well ascertained.AIM To evaluate the bioequivalence of two omega‐3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (n‐3 LC‐PUFA) ethyl ester preparations, previously shown not to be bioequivalent in healthy subjects, with the objective of providing a guideline for future work in this area.METHOD A randomized double‐blind crossover protocol was chosen. Volunteers with the lowest blood concentrations of n‐3 LC‐PUFA were selected. They received the ethyl esters in a single high dose (12 g) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) blood concentrations were analyzed after fingerprick collection at intervals up to 24 h.RESULTS Differently from a prior study, the pharmacokinetic analysis indicated a satisfactory bioequivalence: for the AUC(0,24 h) 90% CI of the ratio between the two formulations were in the range for bioequivalence (for EPA 0.98, 1.04 and for DHA 0.99, 1.04) and the same was true for Cmax and tmax (90% CI were 0.95, 1.14 and 1.10, 1.25 for EPA and 0.88, 1.02 and 0.84, 1.24 for DHA).CONCLUSION This study shows that, in order to obtain reliable bioequivalence data of products present in the daily diet, certain conditions should be met. Subjects should have low, homogeneous baseline concentrations and not be exposed to food items containing the product under evaluation, e.g. fish. Finally, as in the case of omega‐3 fatty acids, selected doses should be high, eventually with appropriate conditions of intake.
Changes of blood endocannabinoids during anaesthesia: a special case for fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibition by propofol?
Authors: Jarzimski Carina , Karst Matthias , Zoerner Alexander A. , Rakers Christin , May Marcus , Suchy Maria T. , Tsikas Dimitrios , Krauss Joachim K. , Scheinichen Dirk , Jordan Jens , Engeli Stefan 
Published: January 2012

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT• Available data from animal studies suggest that the narcotic drug propofol interacts with the endocannabinoid system. Inhibition of enzymatic degradation of anandamide could explain some of the characteristics of propofol. Direct measurements have not been reported yet in humans.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS• Propofol does not change the time course of anandamide plasma concentrations during anaesthesia. Furthermore, propofol does not inhibit fatty acid amide hydrolase activity ex vivo or in vitro. Thus, specific characteristics of the narcotic drug propofol cannot be explained by peripheral inhibition of anandamide degradation in humans.AIMS The aim of our study was to describe the time course of endocannabinoids during different anaesthesia protocols in more detail, and to challenge the hypothesis that propofol acts as a FAAH inhibitor.METHODS Endocannabinoids were measured during the first hour of anaesthesia in 14 women and 14 men undergoing general anaesthesia with propofol and in 14 women and 14 men receiving thiopental/sevoflurane. We also incubated whole human blood samples ex vivo with propofol and the known FAAH inhibitor oloxa and determined FAAH enzyme kinetics.RESULTS Plasma anandamide decreased similarly with propofol and thiopental/sevoflurane anaesthesia, and reached a nadir after 10 min. Areas under the curve for anandamide (mean and 95% CI) were 53.3 (47.4, 59.2) nmol l−1 60 min with propofol and 48.5 (43.1, 53.8) nmol l−1 60 min with thiopental/sevoflurane (P= NS). Anandamide and propofol plasma concentrations were not correlated at any time point. Ex vivo FAAH activity was not inhibited by propofol. Enzyme kinetics (mean ± SD) of recombinant human FAAH were Km= 16.9 ± 8.8 µmol l−1 and Vmax= 44.6 ± 15.8 nmol mg–1 min–1 FAAH without, and Km= 16.6 ± 4.0 µmol l−1 and Vmax= 44.0 ± 7.6 nmol mg–1 min−1 FAAH with 50 µmol l−1 propofol (P= NS for both).CONCLUSIONS Our findings challenge the idea that propofol anaesthesia and also propofol addiction are directly mediated by FAAH inhibition, but we cannot exclude other indirect actions on cannabinoid receptors.
Selenium status and allergic disease in a cohort of New Zealand children
Authors: Thomson C. D. , Wickens K. , Miller J. , Ingham T. , Lampshire P. , Epton M. J. , Town G. I. , Pattemore P. , Crane J. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryBackgroundNew Zealand has one of the highest rates of asthma and atopy. Selenium has been implicated in the aetiology of asthma, and associations between low selenium status and asthma in New Zealand children have been reported.ObjectiveThe aim was to investigate the association between selenium status and allergic disease in a birth cohort of New Zealand children.MethodsThe New Zealand Asthma and Allergy Cohort Study is a prospective birth cohort in Wellington and Christchurch, involving 1105 infants born 1997–2001. During the 6‐year assessment (n = 635), associations were investigated between plasma selenium (PlSe) and whole blood glutathione peroxidase activity (WBGPx) and allergy‐related health outcomes including asthma, wheeze, hayfever, rhinitis, eczema and rash.ResultsWellington children had greater PlSe and WBGPx than Christchurch children (P < 0.001 for both). PlSe (P = 0.004) and WBGPx (P = 0.03) were lower in children exposed to environmental smoke, but differences were no longer significant after adjustment for study location, current household smoking (5–6 years), maternal smoking during pregnancy, family history (either parent with asthma, eczema or hayfever), prioritized ethnicity (Maori, Pacific peoples, Other, European), gender, season born, number of siblings, New Zealand Deprivation Index and body mass index at 6 years. Analysis of PlSe or WBGPx as continuous variables or of quartiles of PlSe with health outcomes showed no significant associations after adjustment. Univariate analysis of quartiles of PlSe and WBGPx with persistent wheeze showed significant inverse trends (P = 0.005 for both), but these reduced after adjustment.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceOur results do not support a strong association between selenium status and the high incidence of asthma in New Zealand. However, there was a modest association between lower PlSe and WBGPx activity and higher incidence of persistent wheeze.