bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Course and predictors of depressive symptoms among family caregivers of terminally ill cancer patients until their death
Authors: Tang Siew Tzuh , Chang Wen‐Cheng , Chen Jen‐Shi , Wang Hung‐Ming , Shen Wen Chi , Li Chung‐Yi , Liao Yen‐Chi 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectiveFew studies have investigated the impact of providing end‐of‐life care on family caregivers' depressive symptoms over time, especially until the patient's death. The purpose of this study was to identify the course and predictors of depressive symptoms in caregivers of terminally ill cancer patients until they died.MethodsFor this prospective, longitudinal study of 193 caregivers, data were collected using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, Symptom Distress Scale, Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey, and Caregiver Reaction Assessment scale. The course and predictors of depressive symptoms were analyzed using the generalized estimating equation model.ResultsCaregivers' depressive symptoms increased as the patient's death approached. Spousal or adult child family caregivers suffered more depressive symptoms if they self‐identified as lacking social support and confidence in offering substantial assistance for younger terminally ill cancer patients with higher levels of symptom distress. Caregivers were susceptible to higher levels of depressive symptoms if they were heavily burdened by caregiving, that is, experienced more disruptions in schedules, greater health deterioration, stronger sense of family abandonment, and lower caregiver esteem.ConclusionsPsychological well‐being of caregivers of terminally ill cancer patients deteriorated in response to progression of the patient's disease and impending death. Effective interventions should be developed and provided to high‐risk caregivers as identified in our study. Increasing caregivers' strength of perceived social support, facilitating their confidence in caregiving, and alleviating their subjective burden may lessen the development of depressive symptoms in caregivers of terminally ill cancer patients throughout the dying process. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coordinating and competing in ecosystems: How organizational forms shape new technology investments
Authors: Kapoor Rahul , Lee Joon Mahn 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe consider firms in the context of their business ecosystems and explore how differences in the ways in which firms are organized with respect to complementary activities affect their decision to invest in new technologies. We argue that, in addition to creating differences in incentives and bureaucratic costs, firm‐complementor organizational form plays an important role in the firm's ability to coordinate accompanying changes in complementary activities so as to shape the benefits from investing early in the new technology. We test our predictions in the U.S. healthcare industry from 1995–2006. The study makes a strong case for viewing firms' competitive strategies in the context of their business ecosystems and for the existence of an important link between firms' coordination choices and their strategic investments. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Druckbeanspruchte Fachwerkstäbe mit exzentrischen Knotenblechanschlüssen – Teil 1
Authors: Dietz Horst , Wörner Markus 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIm Zusammenhang mit einem schweren Baustellenunfall, bei dem die Schadensursache auf einen mit exzentrisch gestoßenen Knotenblechen angeschlossenen Fachwerkstab zurückgeführt wurde, sind im Nachgang hierzu Fragen hinsichtlich einer ausreichenden Stabilitätsbemessung mit Erfassung der wesentlichen Einflüsse aus den Anschlussbereichen aufgetreten. Dazu zählen Auswirkungen infolge Steifigkeitsabfall und Blechexzentrizitäten, Imperfektionsannahmen sowie der Ansatz der maßgebenden Biegeknickfigur. Der nachfolgende Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit grundsätzlichen Überlegungen und gibt Hinweise und Anregungen für die praktische Bemessung.Trussed compression members with excentric junction plates. After a serious accident at a construction site, which cause was attributed to a trussed compression member jointed with excentric junction plates, questions occurred, concerning a sufficient design for stability considering effects related to the joint. Those effects include consequences due to a loss of stiffness and excentricity of junction plates, estimated imperfections and the decisive buckling mode. The following article deals with basic thoughts about the topic and gives advices and suggestions for a practical design.
Serotonin modulation of cerebral glucose metabolism: Sex and age effects
Authors: Munro Cynthia A. , Workman Clifford I. , Kramer Elisse , Hermann Carol , Ma Yilong , Dhawan Vijay , Chaly Thomas , Eidelberg David , Smith Gwenn S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe serotonin system is implicated in a variety of psychiatric disorders whose clinical presentation and response to treatment differ between males and females, as well as with aging. However, human neurobiological studies are limited. Sex differences in the cerebral metabolic response to an increase in serotonin concentrations were measured, as well as the effect of aging, in men compared to women. Thirty‐three normal healthy individuals (14 men/19 women, age range 20–79 years) underwent two resting positron emission tomography studies with the radiotracer [18F]‐2‐deoxy‐2‐fluoro‐D‐glucose ([18F]‐FDG) after placebo and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI, citalopram) infusions on two separate days. Results indicated that women demonstrated widespread areas of increased cortical glucose metabolism with fewer areas of decrease in metabolism in response to citalopram. Men, in contrast, demonstrated several regions of decreased cortical metabolism, but no regions of increased metabolism. Age was associated with greater increases in women and greater decreases in men in most brain regions. These results support prior studies indicating that serotonin function differs in men and women across the lifespan. Future studies aimed at characterizing the influences of age and sex on the serotonin system in patients with psychiatric disorders are needed to elucidate the relationship between sex and age differences in brain chemistry and associated differences in symptom presentation and treatment response. Synapse 66:955–964, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamic frame partitioning scheme for IEEE 802.16 mesh networks
Authors: Tang Yuliang , Liu Zhixiong , Huang Lianfen , Chang Yao‐Chung 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThe IEEE 802.16 mesh network is a promising next generation wireless backbone network. In the network, the allocation of minislots is handled by centralized scheduling and distributed scheduling, which are independently exercised. However, the standard does not specify how the frame can be partitioned among its centralized and distributed schedulers. Through efficient partitioning that dynamically adapts the partitioning based on demand, network can support more user applications. Although a dynamic frame partitioning scheme to use Markov model has been studied, the dynamic frame partitioning method has not been fully investigated. This paper proposes two novel and general dynamic frame partitioning scheme for IEEE 802.16 mesh networks so that the minislot allocation can be more flexible and the utilization is increased. The two schemes respectively use GM(1,1)‐Markov model and Grey–Verhulst–Markov model to predict efficient partitions for future frames according to the minislot utilization in current frames. Our study indicates that the two proposed schemes outperform the scheme of using Markov model. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dinuclear Tin(II) Complex of a Bulky cis‐Oxamide: Synthesis, Characterization, Crystal Structure, and DFT Studies
Authors: Ibarra‐Rodríguez Marisol , Rasika Dias H. V. , Jiménez‐Pérez Víctor M. , Muñoz‐Flores Blanca M. , Flores‐Parra Angelina , Sánchez Sonia 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe reaction of the di‐lithiated oxamide of 1 with two equivalents of SnCl2 provided the tin trans‐oxamide 3. In solution, spectroscopic analysis suggests exclusively the formation of a trans‐oxamide (trans‐3). However, the solid state shows an atypical cis‐oxamide (cis‐3), where the oxamide fragment acts as an anti‐Janus head ligand. An 119Sn‐NMR variable temperature experiment ([D8]THF) of the trans‐oxamide (trans‐3) was performed however, at lower temperature no additional signal was observed, which confirmed the absence of a dynamic equilibrium. Dispersion‐corrected density functional calculations revealed that the cis conformation of this tin(II) oxamide complex is more stable than the trans isomer by 1.4 kcal·mol–1.
Functional expression of trypsin fromStreptomyces griseusbyPichia pastoris
Authors: Ling Zhenmin , Ma Tengbo , Li Jianghua , Du Guocheng , Kang Zhen , Chen Jian 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn the present study, the genes encoding trypsinogen and active trypsin from Streptomyces griseus were both cloned and expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris with the α-factor secretion signal under the control of the alcohol oxidase promoter. The mature trypsin was successfully accumulated extracellularly in soluble form with a maximum amidase activity of 6.6 U ml−1 (batch cultivation with flask cultivation) or 14.4 U ml−1 (fed-batch cultivation with a 3-l fermentor). In contrast, the recombinant trypsinogen formed inclusion bodies and no activity was detected. Replacement of the trypsin propeptide Ala-Pro-Asn-Pro confirmed that its physiological function was as a repressor of activity. More importantly, our results proved that the propeptide inhibited the activity of trypsinogen after its successful folding.
Influences of river regulation and environmental variables on upland bird assemblages in northern Sweden
Authors: Jonsson Micael , Strasevicius Darius , Malmqvist Björn 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMost large rivers in Sweden are regulated to produce hydropower. This transformation from free‐flowing rivers to chains of elongate run‐of‐river impoundments has been shown to have consequences for aquatic, riparian and adjacent upland environments, and for the emergence patterns of aquatic insects that are important for terrestrial consumers. In this study, we investigated bird assemblages in upland‐forest environments along seven large rivers (three heavily impounded and four free flowing) in northern Sweden. Bird densities were assessed by point counts in the breeding and post‐breeding seasons. While we observed no significant differences in bird species richness between regulated and free‐flowing rivers, cumulative densities of two feeding groups of birds (those feeding on seeds and/or large insects and those feeding on small insects) were higher along free‐flowing rivers than along regulated rivers in the breeding season, consistent with known differences in aquatic‐insect emergence. Further, ordination analyses showed seasonal shifts in bird assemblage structure, and that these shifts differed between regulated and free‐flowing rivers and between the two feeding groups. However, the variables explaining the most variance (11–28 %) in bird assemblage structure were related to a gradient of agricultural‐to‐forest land use. River regulation contributed to the model in the post‐breeding season, but was of relatively low importance. Nevertheless, the observed contrasting seasonal shifts in upland‐forest bird assemblage structure between regulated and free‐flowing rivers suggest that regulation‐induced modifications of aquatic‐insect emergence and subsequent changes in prey availability to the birds are also important considerations.
Synthesis and Characterization of Glucosamide Surfactant
Authors: Han Fu , Deng Yun‐yun , Wang Peng‐li , Song Jia , Zhou Ya‐wen , Xu Bao‐cai 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe synthesis and structural analysis of glucosamide surfactants of the general formula CnH2n+1NH(CH2)2NHCO(CHOH)4CH2OH (n= 8, 10, 12) are described, and the surface activity properties of the surfactants are studied.N‐alkylethylenediamines were synthesized by the alkylation of the ethylenediamine with alkyl bromide. The glucosamide surfactants,N‐alkyl‐N′‐glucosylethylenediamine (CnGA), were prepared by amidation of the precursor diamine withd‐gluconic acid δ‐lactone. They were structurally characterized by IR,1H NMR and MS. They reduced the surface tension of water to approximately 26–27 mN m−1at concentration levels of (0.5–1.6) × 10−3mol L−1.
La contraception pour les hommes — une cause perdue ?
Authors: Spencer B. 
Published: July 2012

RésuméAvant la disponibilité de la contraception hormonale féminine, les hommes des pays d’Europe occidentale, à travers l’utilisation du préservatif et la pratique du coït interrompu, avaient une grande partie de la responsabilité pour la régulation des naissances. En dépit de ce fait, le développement des méthodes hormonales masculines a reçu peu de soutien des divers acteurs qui pourraient favoriser leur arrivée sur le marché et leur distribution : l’industrie pharmaceutique, le corps médical, les bailleurs internationaux de fonds de recherche et les médias. Une déconstruction des représentations et valeurs sous-jacentes, mais rarement explicites, relatives aux rapports du genre nous permet de comprendre pourquoi la contraception hormonale masculine reste coincée dans le marasme qui prévaut depuis plusieurs décennies.
Clinical Issues—August 2012
Authors: Denholm Bonnie 
Published: July 2012

This MonthPolicies for using multidose liquid medications in the ORKey words: multidose vials, over‐the‐counter medications, elixirs, cough syrup, shelf life, chemical solutions, liquid medications.Clarifying the definition of and the practices for compounding sterile solutionsKey words: compounding, compounded sterile preparations, sterile solutions.Storage of emergency medicationsKey words: emergency medications, medication storage.
A Magnetic Approach to Treating Progressive Early‐Onset Scoliosis
Authors: Wick Jane M. , Konze Julie 
Published: July 2012

AbstractEarly‐onset scoliosis presents at birth and up to five years of age. Growing rods are a treatment option when early‐onset scoliosis cannot be controlled by serial casts or braces. The function of a growing rod is to allow a child's spine to continue to grow under controlled conditions until a definitive correction can be made when the patient nears skeletal maturity. This article presents two case reports describing the use of an expandable magnetic growing rod in children with progressive, early‐onset scoliosis. After implantation, caregivers expand the rod nonsurgically using an external magnet to obtain and maintain correction while the child grows. The first case report describes the use of a magnetic growing rod in a patient with a rigid spinal curve and a significant rotational deformity; the second case report describes a patient with a more flexible neuromuscular curve. These were the first two patients to be offered treatment with an expandable rod in North America after the surgeon obtained approval to use the device based on compassionate grounds from the US Food and Drug Administration and institutional review board consent and approval for both surgeries.
Fetal Myelomeningocele Repair: A New Standard of Care
Authors: Scully Susan M. , Mallon Maureen , Kerr Joy C. , Ludzia‐DeAngelis Allison 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMyelomeningocele, also known as spina bifida, is one of the most common congenital anomalies of the central nervous system and the most common open, prenatally repaired birth defect. The Management of Myelomeningocele Study (MOMS), which compared the results of prenatal and postnatal myelomeningocele repair, found prenatal surgery to be much more effective than postnatal surgery. During surgery, the surgeon makes a hysterotomy and repairs the fetal myelomeningocele without removing the fetus from the uterus. After the repair is completed, the surgeon closes the uterus. The obstetric team monitors the mother closely with a goal of performing a cesarean delivery at 37 weeks' gestation. The fetal surgery nursing team used innovative simulation teaching methods to establish and maintain fetal surgery team member competence, resulting in a successful program with good outcomes.
Mid-Holocene mangrove succession and its response to sea-level change in the upper Mekong River delta, Cambodia
Authors: Li Zhen , Saito Yoshiki , Mao Limi , Tamura Toru , Li Zhen , Song Bing , Zhang Yulan , Lu Anqing , Sieng Sotham , Li Jie 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMiddle Holocene vegetation and mangrove successions are clearly evident in the palynological records of two cores from the upper Mekong River delta in Cambodia. Spanning from ~ 9.4 to 6.3 cal ka BP, the cores mainly record a transgressive sequence from floodplain freshwater marsh to tidal flat, which was overlain by mangrove. Corresponding to the decelerated sea-level rise at ~ 8.3 cal ka BP, pioneer mangrove species Sonneratia alba and Sonneratia caseolaris appeared in the sediments, and then was replaced by regressive mangrove succession containing upward-increasing abundances of Rhizophora apiculata and Bruguiera spp. High salinity- and flooding-tolerant community S. alba was developed at the western core site PSG at ~ 8.2 cal ka BP, and the eastern core site PK at ~ 7.5 cal ka BP. The time difference of S. alba appearance between the two sites might be resulted from the complexity of sedimentary environment, where a higher sediment supply was provided to the western floodplain than to the eastern floodplain. After 7.5 cal ka BP, aggradational stacking of intertidal sediments, of which the thickness is larger than the present maximum tidal range, may have resulted from continuous sea-level rise during 7.5–7.0 cal ka BP.
Radiative instability of an anticyclonic vortex in a stratified rotating fluid
Authors: Park Junho , Billant Paul 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn strongly stratified fluids, an axisymmetric vertical columnar vortex is unstable because of a spontaneous radiation of internal waves. The growth rate of this radiative instability is strongly reduced in the presence of a cyclonic background rotation $f/ 2$ and is smaller than the growth rate of the centrifugal instability for anticyclonic rotation, so it is generally expected to affect vortices in geophysical flows only if the Rossby number $Ro= 2\Omega / f$ is large (where $\Omega $ is the angular velocity of the vortex). However, we show here that an anticyclonic Rankine vortex with low Rossby number in the range $\ensuremath{-} 1\leq Ro\lt 0$, which is centrifugally stable, is unstable to the radiative instability when the azimuthal wavenumber $\vert m\vert $ is larger than 2. Its growth rate for $Ro= \ensuremath{-} 1$ is comparable to the values reported in non-rotating stratified fluids. In the case of continuous vortex profiles, this new radiative instability is shown to occur if the potential vorticity of the base flow has a sufficiently steep radial profile. The most unstable azimuthal wavenumber is inversely proportional to the steepness of the vorticity jump. The properties and mechanism of the instability are explained by asymptotic analyses for large wavenumbers.
Dynamical systems of type and their -algebras
Authors: ARA PERE , EXEL RUY , KATSURA TAKESHI 
Published: July 2012

AbstractGiven positive integers$n$and$m$, we consider dynamical systems in which (the disjoint union of)$n$copies of a topological space is homeomorphic to$m$copies of that same space. The universal such system is shown to arise naturally from the study of a C*-algebra denoted by${\cal O}_{m,n}$, which in turn is obtained as a quotient of the well-known Leavitt C*-algebra$L_{m,n}$, a process meant to transform the generating set of partial isometries of$L_{m,n}$into a tame set. Describing${\cal O}_{m,n}$as the crossed product of the universal$(m,n)$-dynamical system by a partial action of the free group$\mathbb {F}_{m+n}$, we show that${\cal O}_{m,n}$is not exact when$n$and$m$are both greater than or equal to 2, but the corresponding reduced crossed product, denoted by${\cal O}_{m,n}^r$, is shown to be exact and non-nuclear. Still under the assumption that$m,n\geq 2$, we prove that the partial action of$\mathbb {F}_{m+n}$is topologically free and that${\cal O}_{m,n}^r$satisfies property (SP) (small projections). We also show that${\cal O}_{m,n}^r$admits no finite-dimensional representations. The techniques developed to treat this system include several new results pertaining to the theory of Fell bundles over discrete groups.
Quaternary geology of the Inner Hebrides
Authors: Peacock J. D. 
Published: July 2012

SynopsisThe Quaternary features and deposits provide a record of the geological history of the past 18,000 years and only a few elements of the landscape, such as the glaciated rock platforms and cliffs of marine origin, can be ascribed to earlier times. Mainland ice almost certainly covered the islands during the last glaciation, its retreat being temporarily reversed or halted perhaps more than once. There was a final well-marked, but short-lived episode of valley glaciation some 10,000 to 11,000 years ago. Glacial deposits, raised beaches, periglacial features, landslips and the post-glacial accumulations of peat, shell sand and diatomite are discussed briefly.
Inland waters in the Inner Hebrides
Authors: Maitland P. S. , Holden A. V. 
Published: July 2012

SynopsisThe Inner Hebrides make up only a small proportion of the land area but a relatively higher percentage of the area of standing waters of Great Britain. Analyses of the 1:63,360 maps have provided the total numbers of standing and running waters on the islands (1,542 and 1,615 respectively) and are the basis for estimating the total resource there. The majority of lochs are small and relatively low lying. Most of the streams too are small and rarely larger than 4th order. Chemically, the waters are variable and range from some very acid nutrient-poor lochs on Islay to the unique marl lochs of Lismore. The algae of these islands have only occasionally been sampled and relatively little is known either about the higher aquatic plant communities—the ones studied are similar to those on the mainland. Few studies of the invertebrates of the inland waters have been carried out, and none of the surveys has been comprehensive. A review of the published and new data has enabled a broad account of the invertebrate communities to be presented. Only 15 species of fish occur here and most of the waters are dominated by the indigenous salmonids (salmon, trout and charr), sticklebacks or eels. Comparisons of the inland waters of the Inner Hebrides with those of other island groups (the Outer Hebrides and Shetlands) and the mainland of Scotland (especially Tayside) show that they have greater afiinities with the latter.
Ombrogenous mires in Islay and Mull
Authors: Lindsay R. A. , Riggall J. , Bignal E. M. 
Published: July 2012

SynopsisThe vegetation and surface structure of two ombrogenous mires from the Inner Hebrides are described. Two-way indicator species analysis and hand sorting of these data are used to identify vegetation communities. The surface patterning of both sites is examined using levelling data which are related to the water table. From this, four significant surface features are recognised: hummock, ridge, hollow and pool. The relationship between the vegetation communities and these features is examined, and the two study sites subsequently compared in terms of these small-scale features. The ombrogenous mires of the Inner Hebrides are then related in the same way to other mire systems described by previous authors.