bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘I'm sorry for apologising’: Czech and German apologies and their perlocutionary effects
Authors: RENNER JUDITH 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis article inquires into the effects of public apologies. It argues that the focus of most scholars of public diplomacy or conflict resolution on the conflict solving capacity of public apologies is limited and prevents an open and responsive analysis of empirical apology processes. Drawing on speech act theory as developed by John L. Austin and some of his critics it suggests that existing apology theory should broaden its perspective and also take the perlocutionary, that is, the unintended social effects of public apologies into account. The article illustrates its theoretical argument with the example of the Czech-German apology process. The apologies issued between these countries since 1989 suggest that the conflict solving performance of the apologies was exceeded by the unintended social consequences in both, the apologising country as well as the country receiving the apology.
Acting out and working through: trauma and (in)security
Authors: SCHICK KATE 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTrauma, the silenced aftermath of violence, has been largely neglected by international security studies, which perceives trauma as having little relevance to global politics. However, this article contends that trauma profoundly influences global security. Unless traumatic events are worked through, they can heighten insecurity not only in the immediate aftermath of violence but decades and even generations later. The article is divided into three parts. The first section examines trauma in general terms, noting its individual, social and political dimensions. The second section examinesacting outin response to trauma, with a particular focus on the meaning-making narratives adopted in order to make sense of traumatic experiences: the heroic soldier, good and evil, and redemptive violence. These narratives serve to secure the state by shutting down questioning and showing strength and decisiveness in the wake of traumatic shocks. Section three examines the notion ofworking throughtrauma. Working through involves a process of mourning, in which past atrocities are acknowledged, reflected on, and more fully understood in all their historically situated complexity. It is a deeplypoliticalprocess that struggles to understand and challenge those structures and practices that facilitate traumatic loss.
Identifying economic evaluations for health technology assessment
Authors: Glanville Julie , Paisley Suzy 
Published: October 2010

Objectives and Methods: Health technology assessment (HTA) often requires the identification and review of economic evaluations and models. This study surveys the available specific and general resources to search to identify economic evaluations. It also provides information on efficient searching of those resources and comments on the current evidence-base.Results: Published checklists recommend searching for economic evaluations in specific information resources which collect economic evaluations such as NHS EED and HEED, followed by top-up searches of large biomedical bibliographic databases (such as MEDLINE and EMBASE). Other resources such as the HTA and DARE databases can yield reports of economic evaluations. Searches within NHS EED and HEED can be made more efficient by using database-specific search options. Searches within large biomedical databases such as MEDLINE and EMBASE require the use of economic search terms called search filters. Search filters are highly sensitive, retrieving most economic evaluations, but suffer from low precision returning many irrelevant records which need to be assessed.Conclusions: It is relatively easy to identify rapidly a high proportion of economic evaluations but more research is required to improve the efficiency of this process. There are key high yield resources to search but more evidence is required on their overlap and unique contribution to searches. The value of other resources, particularly those providing access to gray literature, should be explored. Research into efficient retrieval requires clear definitions of economic evaluations to allow comparison across studies.
Diffusion of innovations in health care: Does the structural context determine its direction?
Authors: Lambooij Mattijs S. , Engelfriet Peter , Westert Gert P. 
Published: October 2010

Objectives: The aim of this study was to present and illustrate an instrument to measure the level of innovation at country level.Methods: The data used are the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) health data 2009, in particular the information on use of medical technology. Two composite scales expressing a relative level of adoption of innovations in health care are regressed, using multilevel regression analysis, on country characteristics. The country characteristics are selected as proxies on availability or scarcity of resources in a country. We expect that scarcity will promote adoption of innovations that enhance efficiency, and that availability of resources will promote advanced, expensive innovations.Results: Two scales were constructed. One scale indicates the use of efficiency-enhancing innovations (day case treatment), and the other scale indicates availability of advanced technical innovations. The application of day case treatment is significantly associated with education level (+), the ratio of people aged 15–64 versus younger and older people (+) and the number of hospital beds (−). Availability of advanced medical devices are associated with the expenditure on health (+), demographic dependency (−), number of hospital beds (+), and the annual reduction of hospital beds (−).Conclusions: Diffusion of innovations is influenced by characteristics of the country and of the healthcare system; fewer resources encourage diffusion of innovations that enhance efficiency and more resources encourage diffusion of complex, expensive devices. This indicates that decisions by healthcare professionals on which innovation to adopt is embedded in a context that is influenced and shaped by the availability of resources on macro level.
Supporting tough decisions in Norway: A healthcare system approach
Authors: Mørland Berit , Ringard Ånen , Røttingen John-Arne 
Published: October 2010

Objectives: We describe, in general, the principles used in priority setting and, in particular, policy processes and decision making in Norway.Methods: A newly established council for setting priorities in health care is presented to illustrate how health technology assessments (HTAs) can support national advisors in complex priority-setting processes.Results and Conclusions: Setting priorities in health care is a complex task. Careful thinking is, therefore, required in determining the components of a system for priority-setting. Based on recent Norwegian experiences, we believe that the following generic parts may provide some of the solution: a common set of values; an organizational structure made up of key stakeholders; supporting mechanisms in the form of HTA organizations and documented best evidence; and loyalty to decisions by stakeholders responsible for implementing national policies.
Reporting and presenting information retrieval processes: the need for optimizing common practice in health technology assessment
Authors: Niederstadt Christina , Droste Sigrid 
Published: October 2010

Background: Information retrieval (IR) in health technology assessment (HTA) calls for transparency and reproducibility, but common practice in the documentation and presentation of this process is inadequate in fulfilling this demand.Objectives: Our objective is to promote good IR practice by presenting the conceptualization of retrieval and transcription readable to non-information specialists, and reporting of effectively processed search strategies.Methods: We performed a comprehensive database search (04/2010) to synthesize the current state-of-the-art. We then developed graphical and tabular presentation methods and tested their feasibility on existing research questions and defined recommendations.Results: No generally accepted standard of reporting of IR in HTA exists. We, therefore, developed templates for presenting the retrieval conceptualization, database selection, and additional hand-searching as well as for presenting search histories of complex and lengthy search strategies. No single template fits all conceptualizations, but some can be applied to most processes. Database interface providers report queries as entered, not as they are actually processed. In PubMed®, the huge difference between entered and processed query is shown in “Details.” Quality control and evaluation of search strategies using a validated tool such as the PRESS checklist is suboptimal when only entry-query based search histories are applied.Conclusions: Moving toward an internationally accepted IR reporting standard calls for advances in common reporting practices. Comprehensive, process-based reporting and presentation would make IR more understandable to others than information specialists and facilitate quality control.
Paroxysmal complete atrioventricular block in a patient with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum
Authors: Patel Akash R. , Goldberg David , Shah Maully 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSudden death in pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum with right ventricular dependent coronary circulation is a well-established complication, and is thought to be caused by myocardial ischaemia. We report a case of paroxysmal complete atrioventricular block that raises the possibility of an additional mechanism of sudden death.
Social dimensions related to anaemia among women of childbearing age from rural India
Authors: Rao Shobha , Joshi Smita , Bhide Pradnya , Puranik Bhairavi , Kanade Asawari 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo examine various sociodemographic aspects related to consumption of micronutrient-rich foods like green leafy vegetables (GLV), which will be helpful in modifying dietary habits, a strategy that merits consideration for prevention of anaemia.DesignCross-sectional study for collecting data on socio-economic and anthropometric (weight, height) variables, Hb, dietary pattern (FFQ) and peripheral smear examination for classifying nutritional and iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA).SettingThree villages near Pune city, Maharashtra, India.SubjectsRural women (n 418) of childbearing age (15–35 years).ResultsMean Hb was 11·07 g/dl. Seventy-seven per cent of the women were anaemic (Hb < 12 g/dl) and 28 % had IDA, indicating that a large proportion of the women had nutritional anaemia. Higher prevalence of IDA was associated with several sociodemographic and maternal parameters, but multiple logistic regression analysis showed significant (P < 0·05) risk of IDA with lower body weight (<40 kg), short maternal height (<145 cm), younger age at marriage (<19 years) and higher parity (≥2). Various socio-cultural reasons associated with low consumption of GLV included non-cultivation of GLV, priority for selling them rather than home consumption, dislike of GLV by husband and children, and lack of awareness about different recipes for GLV.ConclusionsOur findings highlight that low consumption of GLV, which are treasures of micronutrients including Fe, is associated with genuine social reasons. This indicates a need for developing action programmes to improve nutritional knowledge and awareness leading to enhanced consumption of Fe-rich foods for preventing anaemia in rural India.
A Sonic Hedgehog (SH) Fusion Protein Corrects Multifocal Defects In Experimental Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Tomlinson Dr , J‐D Delcroix , Taylor F , Strauch K , Engber T , Galdes A. 
Published: October 2010

Diabetic neuropathy develops from defective interactions between nerve axons and other cells in the endoneurium; such interactions are influenced in development by hedgehog proteins. This study explored the possibility that this might be maintained in the adult and form a basis for therapy in diabetic neuropathies. Streptozotocin‐diabetic rats were treated (final 5 weeks of 10 weeks diabetes) with a SH‐IgG fusion protein (either 0.3mg/kg or 3.0mg/kg s.c. 3 times per week); control diabetic and non‐diabetic rats received vehicle. Conduction velocity (MNCV, SNCV) data and sciatic nerve levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) are presented below.Diabetes caused significant (p < 0.05 by ANOVA with SNK tests) reductions in all variables and treatment with SH‐IgG either attenuated or prevented (p < 0.05) these reductions. Since it is well‐established that the conduction deficits are unrelated to neurotrophic deficits (NGF depletion) and that NPY depletion derives from a neurotrophic defect distinct from NGF, this treatment clearly acts at multiple components of the aetiology of diabetic neuropathy.
First Report of Pilidiella granati on Pomegranate with Symptoms of Crown Rot in the Prefecture of Xanthi, Greece
Authors: Thomidis T. , Exadaktylou E. 
Published: October 2010

In spring 2010, plants of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. Wonderful with symptoms of crown rot were observed in the Prefecture of Xanthi, Thrace, Greece. Close examination of these plants revealed distinct symptoms of crown rots. Isolations from the lower margins of the necrotic area were made by plating tissues of approximately 3 mm on acidified (2.5 ml of 85% lactic acid per liter of nutrient medium to create a pH = 3.5 after autoclaving) potato dextrose agar. The plates were incubated at 23°C for 5 to 7 days, and consistent colonies with light yellow, leathery mycelia and abundant, black, solitary pycnidia of various sizes were observed. Hyphae were septate and conidia were hyaline, one-celled, and ellipsoid to fusiform (average 10.1 to 20.2 × 3.2 to 4.3 μm). The pathogen was identified as Pilidiella granati Saccardo (synonym Coniella granati (Saccardo) Petrak & Sydow (3)) based on mycelium and spore morphology and ribosomal ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences, which were identical to GenBank No. FN908875. Koch's postulates were completed in the laboratory by inoculating 20 1-year-old plants of pomegranate cv. Wonderful. With a 7-mm-diameter cork borer, a wound was created in the middle of each collar by removing the bark. A 6-mm-diameter agar plug bearing mycelia and spores from a 15-day-old culture of P. granati was inserted into each wound. The wound was covered with petroleum jelly and wrapped with adhesive tape to prevent desiccation. Ten trees were inoculated with sterile potato dextrose agar plugs to serve as controls. All plants were incubated at 25°C for 10 days, at which time necrosis was observed. Koch's postulates were satisfied after reisolating the fungus from inoculated plants that developed symptoms similar to those observed in the field. Control plants produced no symptoms of disease. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. granati from pomegranate plants with symptoms of crown rots in Greece. The role of predisposing factors such as herbicides and frost damage to infection by P. granati is unknown. This pathogen has been reported to cause fruit rot of pomegranate in Spain (2) and California (1). References: (1) T. J. Michailides et al. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 100(suppl.):S83, 2010. (2) L. Palou et al. New Dis. Rep. Online publication. doi:10.5197/j.2044-0588.2010.022.021, 2010. (3) G T. Tziros and K. Tzavella-Klonari. Plant Pathol. 57:783, 2007.
Carcinoid Tumors of the Appendix in Children: Experience From a Tertiary Center in Northern Greece
Authors: Hatzipantelis Emmanouil , Panagopoulou Paraskevi , Sidi‐Fragandrea Vasiliki , Fragandrea Ioanna , Koliouskas Dimitrios E 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTBackground and Objective:Carcinoid tumors of the appendix are rare in childhood and usually have a benign clinical course. Their incidence in appendectomy specimens ranges from 0.1% to 0.9%. The aim of the study was to report the frequency, clinical presentation, tumor characteristics, and outcome of children with appendiceal carcinoid treated in a pediatric oncology department.Patients and Methods:All of the cases referred during a 19‐year period (1990–2008) were studied retrospectively. Demographics, clinical presentation, tumor characteristics, and follow‐up results were recorded.Results:Among 839 admissions, 19 patients (9 boys) with appendiceal carcinoid were identified during the study period. Their median age was 10.5 years (range 4.5–13.2 years). In all of the cases, diagnosis was established after appendectomy. The mean tumor diameter was 4.55 (±3.45) mm (range 1–15 mm). Concomitant appendicitis was diagnosed in 12 patients. In 18 children tumor size was ≤10 mm and did not infiltrate surrounding tissues. In 1 patient the size was 15 mm and a microscopic rupture of the appendix with infiltration of the surrounding fat was present. All of the tumors were located at the tip of the appendix and were of the classic histological type. Staging and follow‐up consisted of abdominal ultrasound, chest and abdominal computed tomography scans, 99Tc bone scan, urine 5‐hydroxylindoloacetic acid levels, and 111In octreotide scan. No patient had metastases requiring further therapeutic interventions. No relapses or other neoplasms occurred during a median follow‐up period of 45 months (range 6–118 months).Conclusions:Carcinoid tumors of the appendix in children are rare. Long‐term follow‐up revealed that a good prognosis is possible provided they are diagnosed and surgically removed at an early stage.
Health Status of Patients With Alagille Syndrome
Authors: Elisofon Scott A , Emerick Karan M , Sinacore James M , Alonso Estella M 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of the study was to assess health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) in children with Alagille syndrome (AGS) in comparison with a normative population and other chronic diseases, and also to examine the effect of AGS‐specific morbidities on HRQOL.Patients and Methods:A cross‐sectional study was performed using the Child Health Questionnaire Parent Form 50 (CHQ‐PF50) to measure HRQOL in patients with AGS. AGS HRQOL was compared with that of a normative population and those previously studied by the CHQ, including juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and liver transplantation. AGS‐specific questions were used in multiple regression analysis to determine correlation of features and symptoms of AGS with HRQOL.Results:Seventy‐one patients with AGS, ages 5 to 18 years, were studied. Those families completing surveys demonstrated that children with AGS had significantly lower HRQOL (P < 0.05) compared with the normative sample. In comparison with children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, children with AGS had lower psychosocial function scores (P < 0.0005). In comparison with children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, children with AGS had lower physical function scores (P < 0.0005) but higher psychosocial function scores (P < 0.0005). Children with AGS had lower physical function scores than a liver transplant population (P < 0.05). Regression analysis indicated that cardiac catheterization or surgery, mental health diagnoses, and poor sleep were associated with lower CHQ scores in children with AGS.Conclusions:In the first descriptive report of HRQOL in a large cohort of patients with AGS, HRQOL was impaired, indicating a significant burden of chronic disease in both physical and psychosocial health. Additional prospective evaluation is needed in multicenter collaboration.
Nucleocytoplasmic Distribution of the Arabidopsis Chromatin-Associated HMGB2/3 and HMGB4 Proteins
Authors: Pedersen Dorthe S. , Merkle Thomas , Marktl Barbara , Lildballe Dorte L. , Antosch Martin , Bergmann Thorsten , Tönsing Katja , Anselmetti Dario , Grasser Klaus D. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
High mobility group (HMG) proteins of the HMGB family are chromatin-associated proteins that as architectural factors are involved in the regulation of transcription and other DNA-dependent processes. HMGB proteins are generally considered nuclear proteins, although mammalian HMGB1 can also be detected in the cytoplasm and outside of cells. Plant HMGB proteins studied so far were found exclusively in the cell nucleus. Using immunofluorescence and fluorescence microscopy of HMGB proteins fused to the green fluorescent protein, we have examined the subcellular localization of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) HMGB2/3 and HMGB4 proteins, revealing that, in addition to a prominent nuclear localization, they can be detected also in the cytoplasm. The nucleocytoplasmic distribution appears to depend on the cell type. By time-lapse fluorescence microscopy, it was observed that the HMGB2 and HMGB4 proteins tagged with photoactivatable green fluorescent protein can shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm, while HMGB1 remains nuclear. The balance between the basic amino-terminal and the acidic carboxyl-terminal domains flanking the central HMG box DNA-binding domain critically influences the nucleocytoplasmic distribution of the HMGB proteins. Moreover, protein kinase CK2-mediated phosphorylation of the acidic tail modulates the intranuclear distribution of HMGB2. Collectively, our results show that, in contrast to other Arabidopsis HMGB proteins such as HMGB1 and HMGB5, the HMGB2/3 and HMGB4 proteins occur preferentially in the cell nucleus, but to various extents also in the cytoplasm.
Reducing Rice Seed Storage Protein Accumulation Leads to Changes in Nutrient Quality and Storage Organelle Formation
Authors: Kawakatsu Taiji , Hirose Sakiko , Yasuda Hiroshi , Takaiwa Fumio 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) seed storage proteins (SSPs) are synthesized and deposited in storage organelles in the endosperm during seed maturation as a nitrogen source for germinating seedlings. We have generated glutelin, globulin, and prolamin knockdown lines and have examined their effects on seed quality. A reduction of one or a few SSP(s) was compensated for by increases in other SSPs at both the mRNA and protein levels. Especially, reduction of glutelins or sulfur-rich 10-kD prolamin levels was preferentially compensated by sulfur-poor or other sulfur-rich prolamins, respectively, indicating that sulfur-containing amino acids are involved in regulating SSP composition. Furthermore, a reduction in the levels of 13-kD prolamin resulted in enhancement of the total lysine content by 56% when compared with the wild type. This observation can be mainly accounted for by the increase in lysine-rich proteins. Although reducing the level of glutelins slightly decreased protein storage vacuoles (PSVs), the simultaneous reduction of glutelin and globulin levels altered the inner structure of PSVs, implicating globulin in framing PSV formation. Knock down of 13-kD prolamins not only reduced the size of endoplasmic reticulum-derived protein bodies (PBs) but also altered the rugged peripheral structure. In contrast, PBs became slightly smaller or unchanged by severe suppression of 10- or 16-kD prolamins, respectively, indicating that individual prolamins have distinct functions in the formation of PBs. Extreme increases or decreases in sulfur-poor prolamins resulted in the production of small PBs, suggesting that the ratio of individual prolamins is crucial for proper aggregation and folding of prolamins.