bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current Practice of Occupational Therapy for Children With Autism
Authors: Watling Renee , Deitz Jean , Kanny Elizabeth M. , McLaughlin John F. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objective. The purpose of this study was to examine the current practice patterns of occupational therapists experienced in working with children with autism spectrum disorders.
Method. Occupational therapists experienced in providing services to 2-year-old to 12-year-old children with autism completed a mail questionnaire describing practice patterns, theoretical approaches, intervention techniques, and preferred methods of preparation for work with children with autism.
Results. Of those contacted, 72 occupational therapists met the study criteria and returned completed questionnaires. Practice patterns included frequent collaboration with other professionals during assessment and intervention. Intervention services were typically provided in a one-to-one format with the most common techniques being sensory integration (99%) and positive reinforcement (93%). Theoretical approaches included sensory integration (99%), developmental (88%), and behavioral (73%). Evaluations relied heavily on nonstandardized tools and clinical observations. Educational methods identified as most helpful were weekend workshops (56%) and on-the-job training (52%).
Conclusion. This study clarified the nature of current occupational therapy practice patterns for 2-year-old to 12-year-old children with autism. Additional studies are needed to examine the efficacy of current evaluation and intervention methods, as well as to explore the relevance of available standardized assessments for this population.
Occupational Therapy With Children With Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Authors: Case-Smith Jane , Miller Heather 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objective. Although the prevalence of children with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) has increased, empirical data about the role and practices of occupational therapists have not been reported in the literature. This descriptive study investigated the practice of occupational therapists with children with PDD.
Method. A survey was mailed to 500 occupational therapists in the Sensory Integration Special Interest Section or School System Special Interest Section of the American Occupational Therapy Association in eastern and midwestern United States. The valid return rate was 58% (292 respondents). The survey used Likert scale items to measure frequency of performance problems observed in children with PDD, performance areas addressed in intervention, perceived improvement in performance, and frequency of use of and competency in intervention approaches.
Results. The respondents primarily worked in schools and reported that in the past 5 years they had served an increasing number of children with PDD. Most respondents provided direct services and appeared to use holistic approaches in which they addressed multiple performance domains. They applied sensory integration and environmental modification approaches most frequently and believed that they were most competent in using these approaches. Respondents who reported more frequent use of and more competence in sensory integration approaches perceived more improvement in children’s sensory processing. Respondents who reported more frequent use of and more competence in child-centered play perceived more improvement in children’s sensory integration and play skills.
Selective Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura Reactions of Polyhalogenated Heteroarenes
Authors: Rossi Renzo , Bellina Fabio , Lessi Marco 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura reaction of multiply halogenated, electron‐rich and electron‐deficient heteroarenes is one of the most reliable and environmentally friendly tools for installing a wide range of non‐functionalized and functionalized carbon substituents onto heteroaromatic systems with exquisite chemo‐ and site‐selectivity. For substrates with different halogen groups the chemoselectivity of the Suzuki–Miyaura reactions has been found to be dependent on the reactivity difference between the halogens. However, the hardest achievement of selectivity in Suzuki–Miyaura monocouplings involving polyhalogenated heteroarenes with identical halogen atoms has been shown to be dominated by steric and electronic effects and the presence of directing groups at positions neighbouring the reaction sites. Moreover, in the case of symmetrically substituted dihaloheteroarenes with identical halogen atoms, highly selective monocoupling reactions have often been achieved only after a careful optimization of reaction parameters including the catalyst precursor, base, solvent, and the molar ratio between electrophile and organoboron reagent. This critical review with 341 references covers developments on the chemo‐ and site‐selective Suzuki–Miyaura monocoupling reactions of polyhalogenated heteroarenes with different or identical halogen atoms. It also includes the synthesis of polysubstituted heteroarenes, not easily accessible by other means, via consecutive monocoupling reactions and/or a more synthetically valuable approach involving one‐pot polycoupling reactions.
Novel use of an Amplatzer Vascular Occluder II to close an acquired fistula between a reconstructed aortic arch and the left atrial appendage in a patient with hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Authors: Bielefeld Kyle J. , Seib Paul M. , Fontenot Eudice E. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAn 8‐month‐old female with hypoplastic left heart syndrome had undergone bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis at the age of 4.5 months and presented with a new continuous flow murmur on routine follow‐up. Diagnostic catheterization demonstrated a fistula between the left atrial appendage and the neo‐aortic arch. The fistula was sealed with an Amplatzer Vascular Occluder II device without complications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Strategy for Dramatically Enhancing the Selectivity of Molecules Showing Aggregation‐Induced Emission towards Biomacromolecules with the Aid of Graphene Oxide
Authors: Xu Xiujuan , Li Jijun , Li Qianqian , Huang Jing , Dong Yongqiang , Hong Yuning , Yan Jiawei , Qin Jingui , Li Zhen , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBy intelligently utilizing the different interacting strengths between different moieties according to the displacement method, general biosensors with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics for biomacromolecules without selectivity were converted to excellent, highly selective probes for one specific biomacromolecule with the aid of graphene oxide (GO) in an aqueous medium. Importantly, thanks to the different interactions between the AIE molecule and biomacromolecules, just by simply changing the AIE molecule the sensing system could detect different types of biomacromolecules, thereby providing a new approach to the development of AIE‐based sensors with high selectivity and sensitivity. More specifically, the complex of A2HPS⋅HCl—a derivative of hexaphenylsilone (HPS) functionalized by two amino (A2) groups (N(CH2CH3)3)—and GO only gives an “off–on” response to DNA, with a detection limit of 2.3 μg mL−1 toward DNA‐CT (calf thymus); interestingly, the complex of TPE‐N2C4 (1,2‐bis{4‐[4‐(N,N,N‐triethylammonium)butoxy]phenyl}‐1,2‐diphenylethene dibromide) and GO could only detect the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA), whereas other biomacromolecules, including DNA, RNA, and even other proteins have very little influence.
Tautomeric Switching and Metal‐Cation Sensing of Ligand‐Equipped 4‐Hydroxy‐/4‐oxo‐1,4‐dihydroquinolines
Authors: Todorov Aleksandar R. , Nieger Martin , Helaja Juho 
Published: April 2012

AbstractNovel 4‐hydroxyquinoline (4HQ) based tautomeric switches are reported. 4HQs equipped with coordinative side arms (8‐arylimino and 3‐piperidin‐1‐ylmethyl groups) were synthesized to access O‐ or N‐selective chelation of Zn2+ and Cd2+ ions by 4HQ. In the case of the monodentate arylimino group, O chelation of metal ions induces concomitant switching of phenol tautomer to the keto form in nonpolar or aprotic media. This change is accompanied by selective and highly sensitive fluorometric sensing of Zn2+ ions. In the case of the bidentate 8‐(quinolin‐8‐ylimino)methyl side arm, NMR studies in CD3OD indicated that both Cd2+ and Zn2+ ions afford N chelation for 4HQ, coexisting with tautomeric switching from quinolin‐4(1H)‐one to quinolin‐4‐olate. In corroboration, UV/Vis‐monitored metal‐ion titrations in toluene and methanol implied similar structural changes. Additionally, fluorescence measurements indicated that the metal‐triggered tautomeric switching is associated with compound signaling properties. The results are supported by DFT calculations at the B3LYP 6‐31G* level. Several X‐ray structures of metal‐free and metal‐chelating 4HQ are presented to support the solution studies.
Stereoselective Synthesis of α‐ and β‐Glycofuranosyl Amides by Traceless Ligation of Glycofuranosyl Azides
Authors: Nisic Filippo , Speciale Gaetano , Bernardi Anna 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA highly stereoselective synthesis of α‐ or β‐glycofuranosyl amides based on the traceless Staudinger ligation of glycofuranosyl azides of the galacto, ribo, and arabino series with 2‐diphenylphosphanyl‐phenyl esters has been developed. Both α‐ and β‐isomers can be obtained with excellent selectivity from a common, easily available precursor. The process does not depend on the anomeric configuration of the starting azide but appears to be controlled by the C2 configuration and by the protection/deprotection state of the substrates. A mechanistic interpretation of the results, supported by 31P NMR experiments, is offered and merged with our previous mechanistic analysis of pyranosyl azide ligation reactions.
Patterns of failure in patients with early onset (synchronous) resectable liver metastases from rectal cancer
Authors: Butte Jean M. , Gonen Mithat , Ding Peirong , Goodman Karyn A. , Allen Peter J. , Nash Garrett M. , Guillem Jose , Paty Philip B. , Saltz Leonard B. , Kemeny Nancy E. , DeMatteo Ronald P. , Fong Yuman , Jarnagin William R. , Weiser Martin R. , D'Angelica Michael I. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The optimal combination of available therapies for patients with resectable synchronous liver metastases from rectal cancer (SLMRC) is unknown, and the pattern of recurrence after resection has been poorly investigated. In this study, the authors examined recurrence patterns and survival after resection of SLMRC.METHODS:Consecutive patients with SLMRC (disease‐free interval, ≤12 months) who underwent complete resection of the rectal primary and liver metastases between 1990 and 2008 were identified from a prospective database. Demographics, tumor‐related variables, and treatment‐related variables were correlated with recurrence patterns. Competing risk analysis was used to determine the risk of pelvic and extrapelvic recurrence.RESULTS:In total, 185 patients underwent complete resection of rectal primary and liver metastases. One hundred eighty patients (97%) received chemotherapy during their treatment course, and 91 patients (49%) received pelvic radiation therapy either before (N = 65; 71.4%), or after (N = 26; 28.6%) rectal resection. The 5‐year disease‐specific survival rate was 51% for the entire cohort with a median follow‐up of 44 months for survivors. One hundred thirty patients (70%) developed a recurrence: Eighteen patients (10%) had recurrences in the pelvis in combination with other sites, and 7 of these (4%) had an isolated pelvic recurrence. Recurrence pattern did not correlate with survival. Competing risk analysis demonstrated that the likelihood of a pelvic recurrence was significantly lower than that of an extrapelvic recurrence (P < .001).CONCLUSIONS:Of the patients with SLMRC who developed recurrent disease, systemic sites were overwhelmingly more common than pelvic recurrences. The current results indicated that the selective exclusion of radiotherapy may be considered in patients who are diagnosed with simultaneous disease. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Postradiation sarcoma: Morphological findings on fine‐needle aspiration with clinical correlation
Authors: Olson Matthew T. , Wakely Paul E. , Weber Kristy , Siddiqui Momin T. , Ali Syed Z. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The current study was conducted to describe the clinical features and presentation, cytomorphological characteristics with histological correlation, and prognosis of patients who undergo fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) for postradiation sarcoma (PRS).METHODS:A retrospective review was performed of 13 individual patients who were pooled from the FNA services of 3 academic institutions between 2001 and 2012. Cases were reviewed for the primary tumor, radiation history, latency period, and other distinguishing clinical features. The frequency of the various cytological preparations as well as the use of immunohistochemistry (IHC) on this material were reviewed. The cytopathology diagnosis was compared with the resection diagnosis, and the survival time was reviewed.RESULTS:The median age of the patients was 61 years (range, 35 years‐94 years) and no significant gender predilection was noted. The median latency period was 11 years (range, 5 years to > 50 years). Patients generally presented with large tumors (median, 8 cm [range, 3 cm‐12 cm]), and the median survival was 14 months (range, 6 months‐46 months). Nine of 13 patients died of their disease and 1 was lost to follow‐up. The tumors were morphologically heterogeneous. IHC played an important role in excluding other diagnoses in those cases in which sufficient material was available.CONCLUSIONS:PRS is a morphologically heterogeneous entity that can be diagnosed by FNA. It is a diagnosis of exclusion that requires a history of therapeutic radiation and often requires IHC to rule out locally recurrent malignancy. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Surface Electronic Structure of [XMIm]Cl Probed by Surface‐Sensitive Spectroscopy
Authors: Ulbrich Angela , Reinmöller Markus , Beenken Wichard J. D. , Krischok Stefan 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe apply electron spectroscopy methods with different surface sensitivities to elucidate the DOS of the surface and the near‐surface region of [XMIm]Cl (X=octyl, hexyl, butyl, and ethyl alkyl chain) ionic liquids. Using metastable induced electron spectroscopy (MIES) we are able to detect the density of states in front of the outermost surface, whereas ultraviolet and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS and XPS) measurements provide lower surface sensitivity. The assignment of certain structures in the valence band spectra to particular atoms/functional groups of the ionic liquid based on DFT calculations and the reconstruction of PES spectra enables us to obtain information on the dominating groups at the surface, or in other words, on the molecular/ionic arrangement and orientation at the surface. From angular resolved XPS it is concluded that the alkyl chains dominate at the outermost surface. In agreement with this a decreasing chlorine signal is observed in the UPS spectra for ionic liquids with increasing alkyl chain length. The analysis of the MIES data shows that in case of [OMIm]Cl—in contrast to UPS and XPS—no Cl‐induced features are visible in the MIES spectra at all and that the MIES spectra are dominated by the [OMIm]+ alkyl chain.
Enhancing the Efficiency of SOFC‐Based Auxiliary Power Units by Intermediate Methanation
Authors: Göll S. , Samsun R. C. , Peters R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractFuel‐cell‐based auxiliary power units benefit from the high power density and fuel flexibility of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), facilitating straightforward onboard fuel processing of diesel or jet fuel. The preferred method of producing the fuel gas is autothermal reforming, which to date has shown the best practical applicability. However, the resulting reformate is poor in methane, so that cell cooling is not supported by internal methane steam reforming. Accordingly, large flow rates of excess air are required to cool the stack. Hence, the power demand of the cathode air blower significantly limits the net electrical power output of the system and large cathode flow channels are required. The present work examines attempts to further increase the system efficiency in middle‐distillate‐fueled SOFC systems by decreasing the cathode air flow rates. The proposed concept is generally based on inducing endothermic methane steam reforming (MSR) inside the cells by augmenting the methane content in an upstream methanation step. Methanation, however, can only yield significant methane production rates if the reaction temperature is limited. Therefore, four process layouts are presented that include different cooling measures. Based on these setups, the general feasibility and the benefit of intermediate methanation are demonstrated.
State regulation: Interstate compacts a policy option to enhance transmission line siting
Authors: deGolian Crady 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSiting electric transmission lines across state borders has long been a challenge for the states, the federal government, and utility transmission companies. Too often, the diverse interests of various stakeholders, combined with the absence of a mechanism capable of bringing different entities together, makes siting interstate electric transmission lines a difficult proposition. The multiyear application review process and separate evaluations by multiple jurisdictions constitutes a growing burden for transmission companies and frustrates state and federal policymakers seeking to move renewable energy and lower‐cost electricity to markets.
Preparedness: Preparedness standards can have positive effect on utilities
Authors: Byrne Don 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, were an enormous call to action. Only two months later, the Patriot Act was passed, and by the following Thanksgiving, 22 federal agencies were consolidated into the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), making it the third‐largest Cabinet agency behind the Department of Defense and the Department of Veterans Affairs.
THE DYNAMICS OF INCOME‐RELATED HEALTH INEQUALITY AMONG AMERICAN CHILDREN
Authors: Chatterji Pinka , Lahiri Kajal , Song Jingya 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYWe estimate and decompose income‐related inequality in child health in the USA and analyze its dynamics using the recently introduced health mobility index. Data come from the 1997, 2002, and 2007 waves of the Child Development Supplement of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. The findings show that income‐related child health inequality remains stable as children grow up and enter adolescence. The main factor underlying income‐related child health inequality is income itself, although other factors, such as maternal education, also play a role. Decomposition of income‐related health mobility indicates that health changes over time are more favorable to children with lower initial family incomes versus children with higher initial family incomes. However, offsetting this effect, our findings also suggest that changes in income ranking over time are positively related to children's subsequent health status. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does state budget pressure matter for uncompensated care spending in hospitals? Findings from Texas and California
Authors: Chang Jongwha , Patel Isha , Suh Won S. , Lin Hsien‐Chang , Kim SunJung , Balkrishnan Rajesh 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYObjectiveThis study examined the impact of state budget cuts on uncompensated care at general acute care hospital organizations. This study capitalized on the variations in the states of Texas and California to form a natural experiment testing the joint impact of budget cut status on uncompensated care costs, as well as specific charity care costs and bad debt expenses from indigent patients.MethodologyBudget cuts in the state of Texas occurred in the year 2004. Information was obtained from the Texas Department of Health and the California Department of Health Services regarding financial characteristics of hospitals and from the American Hospital Directory annual survey regarding organizational characteristics of hospitals. We created three dependent variables: RUC (the ratio of total uncompensated care costs to gross patient revenue), RCC (the ratio of charity care to total patient revenue) and RBD (the ratio of bad debt expenses to gross patient revenue). Using a two‐period panel data set and individual hospital fixed effects, we captured hospital uncompensated care spending that could also have influenced budget cut status. Additionally, the impact of the state budget cut status on hospitals' uncompensated care spending, charity care spending and bad debt expenses was also estimated using the similar methodology.Population studiedIn this study, we included 416 (in Texas) and 352 (in California) public, not‐for‐profit (NFP) and for‐profit (FP) hospitals that completed the annual survey during the study period 2002–2005.FindingsFor the state of Texas, results from the fixed effect model confirmed that the year 2005 was directly related to increased RUC and RCC. The coefficients of 2005 were significantly and positively associated with RUC (0.43, p < 0.05) and RCC (0.29, p < 0.05). These results supported the findings that the RUC and the RCC would be more positively associated with 2005 than any other year, with other things being equal. However, for the state of California, even though the coefficient of 2005 was significant and positively associated with RCC (0.31, p < 0.05), the coefficient of uncompensated care spending was not statistically significant for 2005.ConclusionThe healthcare industry is characterized by increased regulation, a growing number of uninsured patients, increasingly stringent reimbursement and competitive practices among hospitals and other providers. Federal and state healthcare agencies are restricting the criteria for eligibility for outlier payments and uncompensated care provisions. Tax exempt status of many NFP hospitals is being examined and tied to specific performances, particularly the provision of uncompensated care. This study provides evidence of the impact of budget cut pressure on uncompensated care provided in Texas general acute care hospitals. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro and in vivo study of calcium polyphosphate fiber/calcium phosphate cement/micromorselized bone composite for bone defect repair
Authors: Zhou Lei , Hu Chun J. , Xu Gong P. , Yan Jing L. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop a superior bone engineering material for repair of bone defects. A composite of calcium polyphosphate fiber (CPPF)/calcium phosphate cement (CPC)/micromorselized bone was prepared. A scanning electron microscope was used to observe the structure of the composite and measure its porosity. Seventy‐two pieces of the material were placed in phosphate buffer solution and changes in pH were measured over time, and compressive strength was also measured. In vivo experiments were carried out on 72 rabbits divided into six groups: bone implantation with CPPF/CPC/micromorselized bone, CPC/micromorselized bone, micromorselized bone, CPPF/CPC, CPC, respectively; and no implantation (control). The implants were assessed with X‐ray film and histologically, and bone density and biomechanical strength were measured. The study period was 12 weeks. The addition of CPPF increased apertures of the composite. The bone defects in the CPPF/CPC/micromorselized group compared with the other groups had significantly higher radiographic grading and significantly greater bone density (p < 0.05) and biomechanical strength (p < 0.05). The new composite improves the speed and quality of bone formation. The addition of CPPF improved the mechanical properties of the scaffold material and created higher porosity. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater: 100B:1190–1197 2012.