bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reweighted ℓ1 referenceless PRF shift thermometry
Authors: Grissom William A. , Lustig Michael , Holbrook Andrew B. , Rieke Viola , Pauly John M. , Butts‐Pauly Kim 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTemperature estimation in proton resonance frequency (PRF) shift MR thermometry requires a reference, or pretreatment, phase image that is subtracted from image phase during thermal treatment to yield a phase difference image proportional to temperature change. Referenceless thermometry methods derive a reference phase image from the treatment image itself by assuming that in the absence of a hot spot, the image phase can be accurately represented in a smooth (usually low order polynomial) basis. By masking the hot spot out of a least squares (ℓ2) regression, the reference phase image's coefficients on the polynomial basis are estimated and a reference image is derived by evaluating the polynomial inside the hot spot area. Referenceless methods are therefore insensitive to motion and bulk main field shifts, however, currently these methods require user interaction or sophisticated tracking to ensure that the hot spot is masked out of the polynomial regression. This article introduces an approach to reference PRF shift thermometry that uses reweighted ℓ1 regression, a form of robust regression, to obtain background phase coefficients without hot spot tracking and masking. The method is compared to conventional referenceless thermometry, and demonstrated experimentally in monitoring HIFU heating in a phantom and canine prostate, as well as in a healthy human liver. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Calculation of strict error bounds for finite element approximations of non‐linear pointwise quantities of interest
Authors: Ladevèze P. , Chamoin L. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis paper deals with the verification of simulations performed using the finite element method. More specifically, it addresses the calculation of strict bounds on the discretization errors affecting pointwise outputs of interest which may be non‐linear with respect to the displacement field. The method is based on classical tools, such as the constitutive relation error and extraction techniques associated with the solution of an adjoint problem. However, it uses two specific and innovative techniques: the enrichment of the adjoint solution using a partition of unity method, which enables one to consider truly pointwise quantities of interest, and the decomposition of the non‐linear quantities of interest by means of projection properties in order to take into account higher‐order terms in establishing the bounds. Thus, no linearization is performed and the property that the local error bounds are guaranteed is preserved. The effectiveness of the approach and the quality of the bounds are illustrated with two‐dimensional applications in the context of elastic fatigue problems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prognostic significance of XIAP expression in DLBCL and effect of its inhibition on AKT signalling
Authors: Hussain Azhar R , Uddin Shahab , Ahmed Maqbool , Bu Rong , Ahmed Saeeda O , Abubaker Jehad , Sultana Mehar , Ajarim Dahish , Al‐Dayel Fouad , Bavi Prashant P , Al‐Kuraya Khawla S 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family member X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) is essential for cell survival in lymphoma. However, the role of XIAP overexpression in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is not fully elucidated. Therefore, we analysed the expression of XIAP protein and its clinicopathological correlation in a large cohort of DLBCLs by immunohistochemistry in a tissue micro‐array format. XIAP was found to be overexpressed in 55% of DLBCLs and significantly associated with poor clinical outcome (p = 0.0421). To further elucidate the role of XIAP in DLBCL and the inter‐relationship with PI3‐kinase/AKT signalling, we conducted several in vitro studies using a panel of DLBCL cell lines. We found that pharmacological inhibition of XIAP led to caspase‐dependent apoptosis in DLBCL cells. We also detected an inter‐relationship between XIAP expression and activated AKT in DLBCL cells that may explain cellular resistance to PI3‐kinase/AKT inhibition‐mediated apoptosis. Finally, this anti‐apoptotic effect was overcome by simultaneous pharmacological inhibition of XIAP and PI3‐kinase/AKT signalling leading to a more potent synergistically induced apoptosis. In summary, our data suggest that XIAP expression is a poor prognostic factor in DLBCL and the XIAP‐AKT relationship should be explored further as a potential therapeutic target in DLBCL. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
p53 mutation and loss have different effects on tumourigenesis in a novel mouse model of pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Doyle Brendan , Morton Jennifer P , Delaney David W , Ridgway Rachel A , Wilkins Julie A , Sansom Owen J 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common variant of this tumour in adults and has a very poor outcome. Two genes which are known to play a role in rhabdomyosarcoma development are KRas and p53. In the majority of human tumours, p53 abnormalities are point mutations that result in the expression of a mutant form of the protein. It is now hypothesized that these mutant forms of p53 may be playing an oncogenic role, over and above simple loss of the wild‐type function. In this study, we use Cre‐LoxP technology to develop a novel mouse model of rhabdomyosarcoma, crossing mice expressing a common KRas mutation (G12V) with mice that either lose p53 expression or express a mutant form of p53. We use this model to explore the different effects of p53 loss and mutation in the setting of an activating KRas mutation. We found that either complete loss of p53 (p53$^{\rm{fl/fl}}$) or the expression of one mutant p53 allele with concomitant loss of the second allele (p53$^{\rm{R172H/fl}}$) resulted in the rapid development of rhabdomyosarcoma in 15/16 and 19/19 mice, respectively. In contrast, there was a marked difference between mice which lose a single copy of p53 (p53$^{{\rm{fl}}/+}$) and mice expressing a single copy of mutant p53 (p53$^{{\rm {172H}}/+}$). Fourteen out of 16 p53$^{{\rm{R172H}}/+}$ mice developed rhabdomyosarcoma, compared with two out of 31 p53$^{{\rm{fl}}/+}$ mice. As a consequence of this, p53$^{{\rm{fl}}/+}$ mice had a median lifespan nearly double that of the p53$^{{\rm{R172H}}/+}$ mice. To underline the enhanced effect of p53 mutation in tumour progression, metastases were seen only in those mice which expressed the mutant form. These data demonstrate that mutant p53 can co‐operate with activated, mutant KRas to influence tumourigenesis and metastatic potential, over and above simple loss of normal protein function. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glial‐derived neurotrophic factor regulates intestinal epithelial barrier function and inflammation and is therapeutic for murine colitis
Authors: Zhang Dei Kui , He Fu Qian , Li Tian Ke , Pang Xue Hua , Cui De Jun , Xie Qin , Huang Xiao Li , Gan Hua Tian 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAlthough enteric glial cells (EGCs) have been demonstrated to play a key role in maintaining intestinal epithelial barrier integrity, it is not known how EGCs regulate this integrity. We therefore hypothesized that glial‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) produced by EGCs might be involved in this regulation. Here we investigated the role of GDNF in regulating epithelial barrier function in vivo. Recombinant adenoviral vectors encoding GDNF (Ad‐GDNF) were administered intracolonically in experimental colitis induced by dextran sulphate sodium (DSS). The disease activity index (DAI) and histological score were measured. Epithelial permeability was assayed using Evans blue dye. The anti‐apoptotic potency of GDNF in vivo was evaluated. The expression of tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were measured by ELISA assay and/or RT‐PCR. The expression of ZO‐1, Akt, caspase‐3, and NF‐κB p65 was analysed by western blot assay. Our results showed that GDNF resulted in a significant reduction in enhanced permeability, inhibited MPO activity, IL‐1β and TNF‐α expression, and increased ZO‐1 and Akt expression. Moreover, GDNF strongly prevented apoptosis in vivo and significantly ameliorated experimental colitis. Our findings indicate that GDNF participates directly in restoring epithelial barrier function in vivo via reduction of increased epithelial permeability and inhibition of mucosal inflammatory response, and is efficacious in DSS‐induced colitis. These findings support the notion that EGCs are able to regulate intestinal epithelial barrier integrity indirectly via their release of GDNF in vivo. GDNF is namely an important mediator of the cross‐talk between EGCs and mucosal epithelial cells. GDNF may be a useful therapeutic approach to the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1 for their effects on improving scopolamine‐induced learning and memory impairment in mice
Authors: Wang Qiong , Sun Li‐Hua , Jia William , Liu Xin‐Min , Dang Hai‐Xia , Mai Wen‐Li , Wang Ning , Steinmetz Andre , Wang Yu‐Qin , Xu Chang‐Jiang 
Published: June 2010

AbstractRg1 and Rb1 are two major active compounds of ginseng that facilitate learning and memory. The present study aimed to compare the nootropic effects of Rg1 and Rb1 in a scopolamine induced dementia mice model. After 6 and 12 mg/kg of Rg1 and Rb1 intraperitoneal administration to mice for 7 days, their effects were assessed using the step‐down passive avoidance (SD) and the Morris water maze (MWM) tests, the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, acetylcholine (ACh) content and serotonin (5‐HT) level in the hippocampus were analysed after SD and MWM tests. The results showed that Rg1 and Rb1 ameliorated cognition‐deficiency in mice with dementia. Rg1 showed stronger effects than Rb1 on escape acquisition in MWM. Both Rg1 and Rb1 increased ACh levels in the hippocampus, but Rg1 inhibited AChE activity while Rb1 had no effect on AChE activity. Both Rg1 and Rb1 inhibited the decrease of 5‐HT induced by scopolamine, but Rb1 was more active than the same dose of Rg1. These results demonstrate that multiple administrations of Rg1 and Rb1 are effective in improving memory deficiency induced by scopolamine. Rg1 appears to be more potent than Rb1 in improving acquisition impairment, and the two ginsenosides may act through different mechanisms. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antiinflammatory effects of Epimedium brevicornum water extract on lipopolysaccharide‐activated RAW264.7 macrophages
Authors: Yuk Sang‐Suk , Lim Eun‐Mee , Lee Ji Young , Lee Young‐Jong , Kim Yoon‐Sang , Lee Tae Hee , Park Seong Kyu , Bae Hyunsu , Kim Hyung Min , Ko Seong‐Gyu , Oh Myung Sook , Park Wansu 
Published: June 2010

AbstractEpimedium brevicornum Maxim (Berberidaceae) possesses estrogenic properties. It is one of the most widespread herbal remedies used in Oriental medicine. The present study investigated the effects of Epimedium brevicornum water extract (EB) on proinflammatory mediators secreted from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced RAW264.7 macrophages. EB significantly inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)‐3, IL‐10, IL‐12p40, interferon‐inducible protein‐10, keratinocyte‐derived chemokine, vascular endothelial growth factor, monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 and granulocyte macrophage‐colony stimulating factor in LPS‐induced RAW264.7 cells at concentrations of 25, 50, 100 and 200 μg/mL (p < 0.05). These results suggest that EB has antiinflammatory activity related to its inhibition of NO, cytokine, chemokine and growth factor production in macrophages. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro screening of tumoricidal properties of international medicinal herbs: part II
Authors: Mazzio Elizabeth A. , Soliman Karam F. A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWith growing use of anticancer complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) worldwide, there is a need to assess and screen commercially available natural products for relative tumoricidal properties under standard experimental conditions. In the current study, we screened and ranked 264 traditional Chinese and Egyptian herbal medicines for tumoricidal potency against malignant neuroblastoma in vitro. The data obtained show that tumoricidal potencies of plants were randomly dispersed throughout similar orders, families and genera under the Division: Magnoliophyta, class: Magnoliopsida, subclasses: Asteridae, Caryophyllidae, Dilleniidae, Hamamelididae, Magnoliidae and Rosidae. The most potent plant extracts (LC50 < 0.08 mg/ml) were prepared from gromwell root also known as ‘Hong Tiao Zi Cao’ (Lithospermum Erythrorhizon) Family (Boraginaceae) > beth root (Trillium Pendulum), Family (Liliaceae) and galbanum (Ferula Galbaniflua), Family (Apiaceae). Gromwell root is traditionally used in the preparation of Chinese medicinal tea. In addition, galbanum was highly regarded for its sacred and medicinal value according to ancient texts and the bible. Future research will be required to isolate and identify chemical constituents within these plants which are responsible for tumoricidal effects. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Grape seed extract prevents azathioprine toxicity in rats
Authors: El‐Ashmawy Ibrahim M. , Gad Shereen B. , Salama Osama M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAzathioprine (Aza) is an important drug commonly used in the therapy of autoimmune system disorders. It induces hepatotoxicity and hazard effects that restrict its use. The effects of administration of grape seed extract and folic acid on Aza toxicity by gavage (simultaneously) daily for 4 weeks were studied by determining the changes in some hematological parameters and liver histology. The glutathione level (GSH) and lipid peroxidation content as malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver tissue were measured. The repeated intake of Aza (25 mg/kg body weight) induced anemia characterized by decreased erythrocyte and leukocyte counts and reticulocyte and hematocrit percentages, while the prothrombin time was significantly increased. Moreover, Aza caused a significant decrease in phagocytic activity and lymphocyte percentage. Aza induced hepatic damage as indicated by pronounced changes in the histological structure, a significant increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and MDA content in the liver tissue. Meanwhile, the GSH activity was significantly decreased. Co‐treatment with grape seed extract and Aza minimized the previously mentioned hazard effects of Aza and significantly protected the hepatic tissue by ameliorating the antioxidant activity. Folic acid administration, simultaneously, with Aza only improved the anemia. It may be concluded that grape seed extract is a useful herbal remedy, especially for controlling oxidative damages and is considered as a potent protective agent against Aza hepatotoxicity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zingiber officinale (ginger) compounds have tetracycline‐resistance modifying effects against clinical extensively drug‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Wang Hui‐Min , Chen Chung‐Yi , Chen Hsi‐An , Huang Wan‐Chun , Lin Wei‐Ru , Chen Tun‐Chieh , Lin Chun‐Yu , Chien Hsin‐Ju , Lu Po‐Liang , Lin Chiu‐Mei , Chen Yen‐Hsu 
Published: June 2010

AbstractExtensively drug‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (XDRAB) is a growing and serious nosocomial infection worldwide, such that developing new agents against it is critical. The antimicrobial activities of the rhizomes from Zingiber officinale, known as ginger, have not been proven in clinical bacterial isolates with extensive drug‐resistance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of four known components of ginger, [6]‐dehydrogingerdione, [10]‐gingerol, [6]‐shogaol and [6]‐gingerol, against clinical XDRAB. All these compounds showed antibacterial effects against XDRAB. Combined with tetracycline, they showed good resistance modifying effects to modulate tetracycline resistance. Using the 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method, these four ginger compounds demonstrated antioxidant properties, which were inhibited by MnO2, an oxidant without antibacterial effects. After the antioxidant property was blocked, their antimicrobial effects were abolished significantly. These results indicate that ginger compounds have antioxidant effects that partially contribute to their antimicrobial activity and are candidates for use in the treatment of infections with XDRAB. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitory activity of 24‐norursane triterpenes isolated from Weigela subsessilis
Authors: Na MinKyun , Thuong Phuong Thien , Hwang In Hyun , Bae KiHwan , Kim Bo Yeon , Osada Hiroyuki , Ahn Jong Seog 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDuring the screening effort to discover new types of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitors, it was found that a MeOH extract of the leaves and stems of Weigela subsessilis (Caprifoliaceae) inhibited the enzyme activity. By means of an in vitro bioassay‐guided fractionation on the MeOH extract, two 24‐norursane triterpenes, ilekudinol A (1) and ilekudinol B (2), were isolated as active metabolites. Compounds 1 and 2 inhibited PTP1B with IC50 values of 29.1 ± 2.8 and 5.3 ± 0.5 μM, respectively. Kinetic studies suggest that both 1 and 2 are non‐competitive inhibitors of PTP1B. The findings indicate that the free carboxyl group at C‐28 in this type of triterpenes plays a critical role in the inhibition of PTP1B. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antiarrhythmic effects and ionic mechanisms of oxymatrine from Sophora flavescens
Authors: Yong‐gang Cao , Shan Jing , Lei Li , Jing‐quan Gao , Zhi‐ying Shen , Yan Liu , Yan Xing , Ming‐li Wu , Ye Wang , Chang‐qing Xu , Hong‐li Sun 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAccumulating evidence indicates that oxymatrine may exert protective effects on the cardiovascular system. This study was designed to evaluate the antiarrhythmic effects as well as the electrophysiological properties of oxymatrine. The antiarrhythmic activity of oxymatrine was observed in a rat model of arrhythmia induced by coronary ligation. Action potential duration (APD), L‐type calcium current (ICa‐L), transient outward potassium current (Ito) and inward rectifier potassium current (IK1) in rat ventricular myocytes were recorded by utilizing the whole cell patch‐clamp technique. The results showed that administration of oxymatrine significantly delayed the onset of ventricular arrhythmia, decreased the duration of ventricular arrhythmia and reduced the arrhythmia score of arrhythmic rats. The beneficial effects of oxymatrine may be related to the shortening of APD through reduction of ICa‐L, enhancement of Ito and inhibition of IK1. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antimycobacterial, antiprotozoal and cytotoxic potential of twenty‐one brown algae (phaeophyceae) from British and Irish waters
Authors: Spavieri Jasmine , Allmendinger Andrea , Kaiser Marcel , Casey Rosalyn , Hingley‐Wilson Suzie , Lalvani Ajit , Guiry Michael D. , Blunden Gerald , Tasdemir Deniz 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn the continuation of our research on seaweeds, crude extracts of 21 brown algae collected from the south coast of England and the west coast of Ireland were screened for in vitro trypanocidal, leishmanicidal and antimycobacterial activities. Mammalian stages of a small set of parasitic protozoa; i.e. Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, T. cruzi and Leishmania donovani, and the tubercle bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis were used as test organisms. The extracts were also evaluated for selectivity by testing on a mammalian cell line (L6 cells). Only four extracts were moderately active against T. cruzi, whereas all algal extracts showed significant activity against T. brucei rhodesiense, with Halidrys siliquosa and Bifurcaria bifurcata (Sargassaceae) being the most potent (IC50 values 1.2 and 1.9 μg/mL). All algal extracts also displayed leishmanicidal activity, with H. siliquosa and B. bifurcata again being the most active (IC50s 6.4 and 8.6 μg/mL). When tested against M. tuberculosis, only the B. bifurcata extract was found to have some antitubercular potential (MIC value 64.0 μg/mL). Only three seaweed extracts, i.e. H. siliquosa, B. bifurcata and Cystoseira tamariscifolia showed some cytotoxicity. To our knowledge, this is the first study on the antiprotozoal and antimycobacterial activity of brown algae from British and Irish waters. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activation of AMP‐activated protein kinase on human gastric cancer cells by apoptosis induced by corosolic acid isolated from Weigela subsessilis
Authors: Lee Myung Sun , Lee Chang Min , Cha Eun Young , Thuong Phuong Thien , Bae KiHwan , Song In Sang , Noh Seung Moo , Sul Ji Young 
Published: June 2010

AbstractCorosolic acid is one of the triterpenoids present in the leaves of Weigela subsessilis. The antidiabetic activity of corosolic acid has been reported previously, but to date, the anticancer effects on gastric cancer have been poorly studied. In this study, corosolic acid showed growth inhibition on SNU‐601 human gastric cancer cells, with an IC50 value of 16.9 ± 2.9 μm. Corosolic acid also triggered the activation of caspase‐3 and poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase, while it was recovered by Z‐VAD‐FMK. Moreover, the cell growth/apoptosis activities of corosolic acid were regulated by the AMP‐activated protein kinase‐mammalian target of rapamycin (AMPK‐mTOR) signals. These results showed that corosolic acid‐mediated AMPK activation leads to inhibition of mTOR, thus providing a possible mechanism of action of corosolic acid in the inhibition of cancer cell growth and the induction of apoptosis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of an antidiabetic polysaccharide from Inula japonica on constipation in normal and two models of experimental constipated mice
Authors: Shan J. J. , Zhang Y. , Diao Y. L. , Qu W. S. , Zhao X. N. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractOBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of an antidiabetic polysaccharide (IJP) from Inula japonica on gastrointestinal transit in normal mice and on constipation in two models of constipated mice.METHODS: Two models of constipation in mice were respectively induced by fasted water for 4 days or induced by diphenoxylate. The normal and constipated mice were administered IJP once at doses of 100 and 400 mg/kg (p.o.), the gastrointestinal vermicular motion, start time of defecation, number and weight of stool were investigated.RESULTS: After administration of IJP, the gastrointestinal propulsive rate was increased by 9.79% and 10.42%, the start time of defecation was shortened by 37.27% and 44.06%, the number of feces increased by 115.4% and 130.8% in normal mice. In fasting‐water constipated mice, the start time of defecation was shortened by 9.69% and 30.52% by IJP, defecation granules raised by 22.09% and 39.53%, wet feces weights were increased by 23.50% and 39.14% compared with the untreated constipated mice. In diphenoxylate‐induced mice, the start time of defecation was shortened by 25.48% and 28.13%, defecation granules raised by 100.0% and 118.0%.CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of IJP effectively improved bowel movement, stool output observed in this study. IJP may be practical in relieving constipation in the elderly diabetic population. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.