bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palladium Nanoparticles Immobilized on Chemically Modified Silica Gel: Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for Suzuki, Stille and Sonogashira Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Dutta Piyali , Sarkar Amitabha 
Published: October 2011

AbstractNanoparticulate palladium (Pdnp‐2) supported on polyethylene glycol‐functionalized silica gel is an excellent heterogeneous catalytic system for Suzuki, Sonogashira and Stille cross‐coupling reactions that afford products in high yield. The immobilized palladium nanoparticles were readily prepared by reaction of modified silica gel (1) with potassium tetrachloropalladate(II) in the presence of an acyl metal salt of a Fischer carbene complex. The nanoparticles were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The catalyst (Pdnp‐2) is thermally stable, insensitive to oxygen, and recyclable. The catalyst has been used for five cycles without noticeable loss of catalytic activity.
Enantioselective Phospha‐Michael Reaction of Diphenyl Phosphonate with Nitroolefins Utilizing Conformationally Flexible Guanidinium/Bisthiourea Organocatalyst: Assembly‐State Tunability in Asymmetric Organocatalysis
Authors: Sohtome Yoshihiro , Horitsugi Natsuko , Takagi Rika , Nagasawa Kazuo 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA catalytic enantioselective phospha‐Michael reaction of diphenyl phosphonate to nitroolefins was achieved by utilizing a 1,3‐diamine‐tethered guanidinium/bisthiourea organocatalyst. The procedure is applicable to nitroolefins having various aromatic and aliphatic substituents, and enables an efficient access to phospha‐Michael products with 90–98% ee. Monomeric or oligomeric active species of the catalyst can be utilized, depending on the presence or absence of water.
Copper(II) Triflate: A Versatile Catalyst for the One‐Pot Preparation of Orthogonally Protected Glycosides
Authors: Tran Anh‐Tuan , Jones Rachel A. , Pastor Julien , Boisson Julien , Smith Nichola , Galan M. Carmen 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe development of general and expedient methodologies for the preparation of orthogonally protected glycoside building blocks is essential for the efficient synthesis of complex oligosaccharides. Herein, we describe a new approach that uses copper(II) triflate as a versatile catalyst for the one‐pot preparation of orthogonal protected thio‐ and O‐glycosides from the corresponding unprotected counterparts. The conditions are mild, easy to handle and applicable to two and three one‐pot tandem transformations, which include arylidene acetalation, esterification, regioselective reductive acetal ring opening, glycosylation and silylation processes.
Synthesis of Diarylalkynes by Iron/Copper Co‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative spsp2 Coupling of Alkynyl Carboxylic Acids and Aryl Halides
Authors: Li Tingyi , Qu Xiaoming , Zhu Yan , Sun Peng , Yang Hailong , Shan Yuqin , Zhang Hongxin , Liu Defu , Zhang Xiang , Mao Jincheng 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe highly effective decarboxylative sp‐sp2 coupling of alkynylcarboxylic acids with various aryl halides was carried in the presence of low‐cost and readily available copper(I) iodide/iron(III) acetylacetonate under ligand‐free and palladium‐free conditions using low catalyst loadings. This protocol makes such coupling reactions more practical and useful.
Triazole‐Gold‐Promoted, Effective Synthesis of Enones from Propargylic Esters and Alcohols: A Catalyst Offering Chemoselectivity, Acidity and Ligand Economy
Authors: Wang Dawei , Zhang Yanwei , Harris Alexandria , Gautam Lekh Nath S. , Chen Yunfeng , Shi Xiaodong 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe air, moisture and thermally stable 1,2,3‐triazole coordinated gold(I) complexes (TA‐Au) were revealed as the effective catalysts in promoting propargylic ester rearrangement and sequential allene hydration, giving the enones with excellent yields (up to 97% yields, 0.2% loading). The catalysts could also catalyze the more challenging Meyer–Schuster rearrangement (0.5% loading, up to 98% yields). The reported reaction confirmed TA‐Au as a chemoselective catalyst in promoting alkyne activation with high efficiency and improved ligand economy.
Cationic Palladium Complex‐Catalyzed Diastereoselective Tandem Annulation of 2‐Iminoarylboronic Acids with Substituted Alkynes: Enantioselective Synthesis of Aminoindene Derivatives by Double Asymmetric Induction
Authors: Yu Xufen , Lu Xiyan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe tandem annulation reaction of 2‐iminoarylboronic acids and alkynes was developed for the synthesis of aminoindene derivatives catalyzed by cationic palladium complex. In addition, an enantioselective synthesis of aminoindene derivatives from the reaction of substituted (S)‐2‐(N‐tert‐butanesulfinylimino)arylboronic acids with a variety of alkynes catalyzed by chiral cationic palladium complex was also achieved by the double asymmetric induction.
Intermolecular Coupling of Alkynes with Acrylates by Recyclable Oxide‐Supported Ruthenium Catalysts: Formation of Distorted Ruthenium(IV)‐oxo Species on Ceria as a Key Precursor of Active Species
Authors: Miura Hiroki , Shimura Shun , Hosokawa Saburo , Yamazoe Seiji , Wada Kenji , Inoue Masashi 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA solid ceria‐supported ruthenium catalyst (Ru/CeO2) as well as a zirconia‐supported ruthenium catalyst (Ru/ZrO2) showed high activities toward the intermolecular coupling of alkynes with acrylates to give the corresponding 1,3‐dienes in high yields. The reaction proceeded in the presence of sodium formate and both internal or terminal alkynes and norbornene could be applied for the catalytic systems. The solid ruthenium catalyst could be recycled for several times without significant loss of activity. The FT‐IR and X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) studies of ceria‐supported ruthenium catalysts showed that a distorted ruthenium(IV)‐oxo species on ceria was transformed during the initial stage of the reaction into a low‐valent ruthenium species that was effective for the coupling reactions.
Some Like It Healthy: Demand for Functional and Conventional Yogurts in the Italian Market
Authors: Bonannoxs Alessandro 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAlthough the research investigating the market of functional foods proliferates, little empirical analysis has so far used actual market data. This study analyzes the demand for both conventional and functional alternatives sold in the Italian yogurt market using a scanner database of yogurt sales and a discrete choice (nested‐logit) demand model, assessing also the role of health‐related demographic characteristics as potential contributors to the market success of functional yogurts. The results show that, in the category analyzed, high prices deter the market success of some functional alternatives; this does not apply to drinkable ones, whose demand shows lower own‐price and larger cross‐price elasticities compared to the other functional alternatives. In addition, health‐related consumer characteristics play an important role in shaping the demand for both conventional and functional yogurts in Italy. In particular, an aging, increasingly health‐conscious population is likely to provide fertile ground for the success of functional yogurts in this market.
Cause‐specific mortality among a cohort of U.S. flight attendants
Authors: Pinkerton Lynne E. , Waters Martha A. , Hein Misty J. , Zivkovich Zachary , Schubauer‐Berigan Mary K. , Grajewski Barbara 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated mortality among 11,311 former U.S. flight attendants. The primary a priori outcomes of interest were breast cancer and melanoma.MethodsVital status was ascertained through 2007, and life table analyses was conducted. Cumulative exposure to cosmic radiation and circadian rhythm disruption were estimated from work history data and historical published flight schedules.ResultsAll‐cause mortality was less than expected among women but was elevated among men, primarily due to elevated HIV‐related disease mortality. Mortality from breast cancer among women and melanoma was neither significantly elevated nor related to metrics of exposure. Mortality was elevated for non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma among men; for alcoholism, drowning, and intentional self‐harm among women; and for railway, water, and air transportation accidents.ConclusionsWe found no evidence of increased breast cancer or melanoma mortality. Limitations include reliance on mortality data and limited power resulting from few melanoma deaths and relatively short employment durations. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:25–36, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coal mining is associated with lung cancer risk in Xuanwei, China
Authors: Hosgood H. Dean , Chapman Robert S. , Wei Hu , He Xingzhou , Tian Linwei , Liu Larry Z. , Lai Hong , Engel Lawrence S. , Chen Wei , Rothman Nathaniel , Lan Qing 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundXuanwei, China, experiences some of the highest rates of lung cancer in China. While lung cancer risk has been linked to the household use of bituminous coal, no study has comprehensively evaluated the risk of lung cancer associated with the mining of this coal in Xuanwei. In Xuanwei, coal is typically extracted from underground mines, without ventilation, and transported to the surface using carts powered by manpower or electricity.MethodsWe evaluated the risk of lung cancer and working as a coal miner, in the absence of diesel exhaust exposure, in a population‐based case–control study of 260 male lung cancer cases and 260 age‐matched male controls with information on occupational histories. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for working as a coal miner and years of working as a coal miner were calculated by conditional logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders, such as smoking and household coal use.ResultsWe observed an increased risk of lung cancer among coal miners (OR = 2.7; 95%CI = 1.3–5.6) compared to noncoal miners. Further, a dose–response relationship was observed for the risk of lung cancer and the number of years working as a coal miner (Ptrend = 0.02), with those working as miners for more than 10 years experiencing an almost fourfold increased risk (OR = 3.8; 95%CI = 1.4–10.3) compared to noncoal miners.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that coal mining in Xuanwei may be a risk factor for lung cancer. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:5–10, 2012. Published 2011. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Work‐related injuries and fatalities among farmers in South Korea
Authors: Lee Soo‐Jin , Kim Inah , Ryou Hyunchul , Lee Kyung‐Suk , Kwon Young‐Jun 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundAgricultural injuries are increasing in South Korea according to its workforce's reduced size and increased age. Available data are insufficient to exactly understand present situation. This study evaluated the patterns and characteristics of agricultural injury and assessed the injury rates.MethodsWe analyzed the entry and compensation data compiled in 2005 by the Safety Aid System of Farm Workers, South Korea's government insurance for agricultural injury. We examined the general characteristics, rates, and mortality of agricultural injury.ResultsThere were 11,931 compensated events, including 219 compensated deaths. Farm injuries occurred most frequently in October, and most injuries were unintentional. The incidence and fatality rates were 16.67 per 1,000 person‐years and 30.59 per 100,000 person‐years, respectively. Most number of agricultural injuries occurred in October. The most common cause of deaths was accidents caused by machinery use (35.64%) for males and other transport accidents (23.53%) for females, while the most common cause of injuries for females was falls (45.39%). Incidence and mortality rate of agricultural injuries were higher in elders.ConclusionsAlthough injury rates may have been underestimated owing to data limitations, we are confident that South Korea's rate is higher than those seen in other countries or occupations. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:76–83, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Glut1 deficiency syndrome and erythrocyte glucose uptake assay
Authors: Yang Hong , Wang Dong , Engelstad Kristin , Bagay Leslie , Wei Ying , Rotstein Michael , Aggarwal Vimla , Levy Brynn , Ma Lijiang , Chung Wendy K. , De Vivo Darryl C. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjective:The Glut1 deficiency syndrome (Glut1 DS) phenotype has expanded dramatically since first described in 1991. Hypoglycorrhachia and decreased erythrocyte 3‐OMG uptake are confirmatory laboratory biomarkers. The objective is to expand previous observations regarding the diagnostic value of the uptake assay.Methods:One hundred and nine suspected cases of Glut‐1 DS were studied. All cases had a consistent clinical picture and hypoglycorrhachia. The uptake assay was decreased in 74 cases (group 1) and normal in 35 cases (group 2). We identified disease‐causing mutations in 70 group 1 patients (95%) and one group 2 patient (3%).Results:The cut‐off for an abnormally low uptake value was increased from 60% to 74% with a corresponding sensitivity of 99% and specificity of 100%. The correlation between the uptake values for the time‐curve and the kinetic concentration curve were strongly positive (R2 = 0.85). Significant group differences were found in CSF glucose and lactate values, tone abnormalities, and degree of microcephaly. Group 2 patients were less affected in all domains. We also noted a significant correlation between the mean erythrocyte 3‐OMG uptake and clinical severity (R2 = 0.94).Interpretation:These findings validate the erythrocyte glucose uptake assay as a confirmatory functional test for Glut1 DS and as a surrogate marker for GLUT1 haploinsufficiency. ANN NEUROL 2011;70:996–1005
Genetics of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis supports the role of T helper cells in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis
Authors: Blankenhorn Elizabeth P. , Butterfield Russell , Case Laure K. , Wall Emma H. , del Rio Roxana , Diehl Sean A. , Krementsov Dimitry N. , Saligrama Naresha , Teuscher Cory 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjective:The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is the primary genetic contributor to multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), but multiple additional interacting loci are required for genetic susceptibility. The identity of most of these non‐MHC genes is unknown. In this report, we identify genes within evolutionarily conserved genetic pathways leading to MS and EAE.Methods:To identify non‐MHC binary and quantitative trait loci (BTL/QTL) important in the pathogenesis of EAE, we generated phenotype‐selected congenic mice using EAE‐resistant B10.S and EAE‐susceptible SJL mice. We hypothesized that genes linked to EAE BTL/QTL and MS‐GWAS can be identified if they belong to common evolutionarily conserved pathways, which can be identified with a bioinformatic approach using Ingenuity software.Results:Many known BTL/QTL were retained and linked to susceptibility during phenotype selection, the most significant being a region on chromosome 17 distal to H2 (Eae5). We show in pathway analysis that T helper (TH)‐cell differentiation genes are critical for both diseases. Bioinformatic analyses predicted that Eae5 is important in CD4 T‐effector and/or Foxp3+ T‐regulatory cells (Tregs), and we found that B10.S‐Eae5SJL congenic mice have significantly greater numbers of lymph node CD4 and Tregs than B10.S mice.Interpretation:These results support the polygenic model of MS/EAE, whereby MHC and multiple minor loci are required for full susceptibility, and confirm a critical genetic dependence on CD4 TH‐cell differentiation and function in the pathogenesis of both diseases. ANN NEUROL 2011;70:887–896
KCNQ2 encephalopathy: Emerging phenotype of a neonatal epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Weckhuysen Sarah , Mandelstam Simone , Suls Arvid , Audenaert Dominique , Deconinck Tine , Claes Lieve R.F. , Deprez Liesbet , Smets Katrien , Hristova Dimitrina , Yordanova Iglika , Jordanova Albena , Ceulemans Berten , Jansen An , Hasaerts Danièle , Roelens Filip , Lagae Lieven , Yendle Simone , Stanley Thorsten , Heron Sarah E. , Mulley John C. , Berkovic Samuel F. , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Peter de Jonghe  
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjective:KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 mutations are known to be responsible for benign familial neonatal seizures (BFNS). A few reports on patients with a KCNQ2 mutation with a more severe outcome exist, but a definite relationship has not been established. In this study we investigated whether KCNQ2/3 mutations are a frequent cause of epileptic encephalopathies with an early onset and whether a recognizable phenotype exists.Methods:We analyzed 80 patients with unexplained neonatal or early‐infantile seizures and associated psychomotor retardation for KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 mutations. Clinical and imaging data were reviewed in detail.Results:We found 7 different heterozygous KCNQ2 mutations in 8 patients (8/80; 10%); 6 mutations arose de novo. One parent with a milder phenotype was mosaic for the mutation. No KCNQ3 mutations were found. The 8 patients had onset of intractable seizures in the first week of life with a prominent tonic component. Seizures generally resolved by age 3 years but the children had profound, or less frequently severe, intellectual disability with motor impairment. Electroencephalography (EEG) at onset showed a burst‐suppression pattern or multifocal epileptiform activity. Early magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed characteristic hyperintensities in the basal ganglia and thalamus that later resolved.Interpretation:KCNQ2 mutations are found in a substantial proportion of patients with a neonatal epileptic encephalopathy with a potentially recognizable electroclinical and radiological phenotype. This suggests that KCNQ2 screening should be included in the diagnostic workup of refractory neonatal seizures of unknown origin. ANN NEUROL 2012;71:15–25
Synthesis and characterization of polyimide/hexagonal boron nitride composite
Authors: Kizilkaya Canan , Mülazim Yusuf , Vezir Kahraman Memet , Kayaman Apohan Nilhan , Güngör Atilla 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPolyimide (PI)/hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) composites were produced via the thermal imidization procedure from solution mixtures of a polyamicacid, which is prepared from 3,3′,4,4′‐benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride and 3,3′‐diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DADPS) in N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP), and alkoxysilane functionalized h‐BN. The structure, thermostability, thermal behavior, and surface properties of the resulting materials were characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal characteristics of PI/h‐BN films were better than the pure PIs. The physical and mechanical properties of the films were evaluated by various techniques such as contact angle, chemical resistance, and tensile tests. The flame retardancy of the composite materials was also examined by the limiting oxygen index (LOI). The experiments showed that the LOI values of PIs increased from 32 to 43 for the materials containing hexagonal boron nitride. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Study on surface modification and flame retardants properties of ammonium polyphosphate for polypropylene
Authors: Lei Zhouqiao , Cao Youming , Xie Fei , Ren Hui 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMicroencapsulation ammonium polyphosphate used as flame‐retardant in polypropylene was prepared with hydroxyl silicone oil (HSO) and melamine‐formaldehyde (MF) resin in this article. Fourier transform infrared and energy dispersive spectrometer were used to identify the structure of HSO‐MFAPP. For the HSO‐MFAPP/polypropylene (PP) composites, the flame retardant effect was evaluated by the limiting oxygen index and UL‐94 testing, the compatibility was observed with scanning electron microscope, and the thermal stability was studied by thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that the microencapsulation of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) with HSO‐MF was prepared by in situ polymerization, and the flame retardant properties and water resistance of the PP/HSO‐MFAPP/pentaerythritol (PER) composites were much better than the ones of the PP/APP/PER composites. Moreover, the compatibility of HSO‐MFAPP with PP was better than that of unmodified APP. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Use of chitosan for removal of bisphenol a from aqueous solutions through quinone oxidation by polyphenol oxidase
Authors: Kimura Yuji , Yamamoto Miwa , Shimazaki Reiko , Kashiwada Ayumi , Matsuda Kiyomi , Yamada Kazunori 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn this study, a combined use of biopolymer chitosan and oxidoreductase polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was applied to the removal of bisphenol A (BPA) as an endocrine disrupting chemical from aqueous solutions. The optimum conditions for the enzymatic quinone oxidation of BPA were determined to be pH 7.0 and 40°C. Quinone derivatives generated were chemisorbed on chitosan beads, and BPA was completely removed at 4–7 h. The removal time was shortened with an increase in the amount of dispersed chitosan beads or the PPO concentration. In addition, the initial velocity of quinone oxidation increased with an increase in the amount of chitosan beads. The use of chitosan in the form of porous beads was more effective than the use of chitosan in the form of solutions or powder. It was found that an important factor for this procedure was a high‐specific surface area of chitosan beads and heterogeneous reaction of quinone derivatives enzymatically generated with chitosan. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Effect of the incorporation of hydroxy‐terminated liquid silicones on the cure characteristics, morphology, and release of a model protein from silicone elastomer‐covered rods
Authors: McConville Christopher , Andrews Gavin P. , David Woolfson A. , Karl Malcolm R. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSilicone elastomer systems have previously been shown to offer potential for the sustained release of protein therapeutics. However, the general requirement for the incorporation of large amounts of release enhancing solid excipients to achieve therapeutically effective release rates from these otherwise hydrophobic polymer systems can detrimentally affect the viscosity of the precure silicone elastomer mixture and its curing characteristics. The increase in viscosity necessitates the use of higher operating pressures in manufacture, resulting in higher shear stresses that are often detrimental to the structural integrity of the incorporated protein. The addition of liquid silicones increases the initial tan δ value and the tan δ values in the early stages of curing by increasing the liquid character (G″) of the silicone elastomer system and reducing its elastic character (G′), thereby reducing the shear stress placed on the formulation during manufacture and minimizing the potential for protein degradation. However, SEM analysis has demonstrated that if the liquid character of the silicone elastomer is too high, the formulation will be unable to fill the mold during manufacture. This study demonstrates that incorporation of liquid hydroxy‐terminated polydimethylsiloxanes into addition‐cure silicone elastomer‐covered rod formulations can both effectively lower the viscosity of the precured silicone elastomer and enhance the release rate of the model therapeutic protein bovine serum albumin. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011