bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of the Movement of Labour: Results from a Model of Bilateral Migration Flows
Authors: Walmsley Terrie L. , Winters Alan , Ahmed Amer 
Published: December 2011

The economics literature increasingly recognizes the importance of migration. In this paper, a bilateral global migration model is developed to investigate the impact of lifting restrictions on the movement of labour. Quotas on skilled and unskilled labour in the developed economies are increased by 3% of their labour forces, with the additional labour supplied by developing economies. This paper improves upon the previous work of Walmsley and Winters (2005). A critical weakness of the previous work was that it was unable to capture the impacts of specific bilateral migration flows or liberalizations between countries. This paper uses a bilateral global migration model that exploits migration data obtained from Parsons, Skeldon, Winters, and Walmsley (2007) that allow the model to account for bilateral migration flows. The results confirm that restrictions on migration impose significant costs on nearly all countries, with the modest liberalization increasing global GDP by US$ 288 billion. All of the developed (labour importing) economies gain in terms of real incomes. While results differ across the developing (labour exporting) economies, most gain as a result of the higher remittances sent home.
Do Firms Use the Deferred Tax Asset Valuation Allowance to Manage Earnings?
Authors: Bauman Christine C. , Bauman Mark P. , Halsey Robert F. 
Published: December 2011

This study utilizes a sample comprised of Fortune 500 firms to examine earnings management via changes in the deferred tax asset valuation allowance. The study extends existing research in three ways. First, we document that the earnings effect of a valuation allowance change often cannot be determined from financial statement disclosures. Based on an analysis of sample firms' income tax footnotes, we offer suggestions to improve disclosure policy.
Second, prior research uses the net change in the valuation allowance account as a proxy for the earnings effect of valuation allowance changes. We argue that the amount reported in the effective tax rate reconciliation is a better measure of the income statement effect and document certain significant differences between the measures.
Third, prior research employs cross-sectional regression models in an effort to make generalizations about earnings management behavior. In contrast, we use a contextual approach to assess whether observed valuation allowance changes are consistent with different motivations for earnings manipulation. The contextual analyses are based on identifying firms in the position to engage in various forms of earnings management and examining the earnings effect of valuation allowance changes made by firm managers. Cross-sectional tests find virtually no evidence in support of earnings management. Of particular note, we find that the incidence of “big bath” behavior may be exaggerated. In contrast, a contextual approach identifies specific instances in which earnings management may exist. Thus, the analysis of valuation allowance changes is contextual and requires careful consideration of activity in the allowance account. This point underscores the deficiency in income tax reporting and the need for increased disclosure in this area.
Relationships Between Vertical Jump and Full Squat Power Outputs With Sprint Times in U21 Soccer Players
Authors: López-Segovia Manuel , Marques Mário , van den Tillaar Roland , González-Badillo Juan 
Published: December 2011

Relationships Between Vertical Jump and Full Squat Power Outputs With Sprint Times in U21 Soccer Players
The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between power variables in the vertical jump and full squat with the sprint performance in soccer players. Fourteen under-21 soccer players were evaluated in two testing sessions separated by 7 days. In the first testing session, vertical jump height in countermovement was assessed, and power output for both loaded countermovement jump (CMJL) and full squat (FS) exercises in two progressive load tests. The second testing session included sprinting at 10, 20, and 30m (T10, T20, T30, T10-20, T10-30, T20-30). Power variables obtained in the loaded vertical jump with 20kg and full squat exercise with 70kg showed significant relationships with all split times (r=-0.56/-0.79; p≤ 0.01/0.01). The results suggest that power produced either with vertical jump or full squat exercises is an important factor to explain short sprint performance in soccer players. These findings might suggest that certain levels of neuromuscular activation are more related with sprint performance reflecting the greater suitability of loads against others for the improvement of short sprint ability in under-21 soccer players.
Influence of Industrial Environments on the Development of Respiratory Systems and Morphofunctional Features in Preadolescent Boys
Authors: Dziubek Wioletta , Ignasiak Zofia , Rozek Krystyna 
Published: December 2011

Influence of Industrial Environments on the Development of Respiratory Systems and Morphofunctional Features in Preadolescent Boys
The present study examines the differences between levels of selected structural and functional features of boys 11-13 years in age from regions with varying levels of air pollution, including an industrial and rural region. The sample consisted of 213 boys from the industrial region and 98 from the rural region. Somatic, respiratory parameters and motor abilities were evaluated in both groups. The analysis of respiratory parameters revealed significantly better development of respiratory systems in boys from the rural region. Additionally, motor abilities were also better developed in boys from the rural region.
Diversity of the Mesostigmata (Acari) in tree-hollows of selected deciduous tree species
Authors: Kaczmarek Sławomir , Marquardt Tomasz , Faleńczyk-Koziróg Katarzyna 
Published: December 2011

Diversity of the Mesostigmata (Acari) in tree-hollows of selected deciduous tree species
Rich gamasid communities were found in tree-hollows of horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata), and white willow (Salix alba) in urban and rural areas in northern Poland (Bydgoszcz and its environs). We recorded there 93 gamasid species of 21 families in a total of 18 tree-hollows. Differences in the dominance structure of gamasid communities at the levels of family and species indicated dissimilarities in the mite communities, depending on tree species and intensity of human impact. The chestnut tree-hollows in both areas were dominated by mites of the family Urodinychidae (with the dominant Uroobovella pyriformis in both cases). The lime tree-hollows were colonized mostly by the Trematuridae (Trichuropoda ovalis) and the Digamasellidae (Dendrolaelaps tenuipilus) in the rural area, whereas by the Ascidae (Iphidozercon gibbus) in the city. The gamasid communities of willow hollows were dominated by the Trematuridae (Trichouropoda ovalis) in the urban area, and by the Digamasellidae (Dendrolaelaps longifallax, D. zwoelferi) in the rural area. Some rare species (e.g. Microgynium rectangulatum or Microsejus truncicola) were also recorded, mostly in the rural area.
A New Method of Line Feature Generalization Based on Shape Characteristic Analysis
Authors: Nie Hongshan , Huang Zhijian 
Published: December 2011

A New Method of Line Feature Generalization Based on Shape Characteristic Analysis
This paper presents a piecewise line generalization algorithm (PG) based on shape characteristic analysis. An adaptive threshold algorithm is used to detect all corners, from which key points are selected. The line is divided into some segments by the key points and generalized piecewise with the Li-Openshaw algorithm. To analyze the performance, line features with different complexity are used. The experimental results compared with the DP algorithm and the Li-Openshaw algorithm show that the PG has better performance in keeping the shape characteristic with higher position accuracy.
Optimal amidoximation conditions of acrylonitrile grafted onto polypropylene by photoirradiation‐induced graft polymerization
Authors: Na Choon‐Ki , Park Hyun‐Ju , Kim Byoung‐Gyu 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTo prepare amidoxime (AO) adsorbents for uranium recovery from seawater, the optimum conditions for graft polymerization and amidoximation of acrylonitrile (AN) group and alkaline treatment of the AO group have been investigated in terms of the uranium adsorption capacity. AN has been grafted onto polypropylene (PP) fabric by photoirradiation‐induced graft polymerization with benzophenone as the photoinitiator. A concentration of AN ≤1.0M, a photoirradiation time of 2 h, and a reaction temperature of 60°C proved to be optimal for the grafting of AN onto PP. The grafted AN groups were effectively converted into AO groups upon reaction with ≥5.0% (w/v) hydroxylamine solution at pH 7.0−9.0 for ≥16 h at 60−80°C. Although widely used for this purpose, we have shown that methanol is not an essential solvent for the amidoximation reaction. Conditioning of the AO group with KOH solution (alkaline treatment) proved to be effective for enhancing the uranium adsorption capacity of amidoximated PP‐g‐AN‐AO fabric, which increased logarithmically with the conditioning time. The AO group density in the PP‐g‐AN‐AO fabric increased linearly with the degree of AN grafting, whereas the uranium adsorption capacity of PP‐g‐AN‐AO fabric conditioned with KOH reached a maximum at a degree of AN grafting of approximately 60%. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Direct nanolayer preparation of molecularly imprinted polymers immobilized on multiwalled carbon nanotubes as a surface‐recognition sites and their characterization
Authors: Rezaei B. , Rahmanian O. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMolecular imprinting is a method for making artificial receptor sites in a polymer. This article reports the direct nanolayer immobilization of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) on hydroxyl‐functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) without any binder to improve their characteristics. MIPs were formed for hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) as a template on the surface of the MWCNTs with methacrylic acid (functional monomer) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (crosslinking agent) with a thermal polymerization technique. The morphology and stability of the immobilized molecularly imprinted polymers on the surface of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MIPCNTs) was characterized with scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The resulting MIPCNTs demonstrated favorable selectivity, good stability, and a higher adsorption capacity for the template molecule (93.0 μg/mg) compared to products created by bulk polymerization. The adsorption kinetics of HCT at the surface of the MIPCNTs was in agreement with the second‐order rate equation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
A high‐sensitivity LC‐MS/MS method for the determination of 4‐methyl‐piperazine‐1‐carbodithioc acid 3‐cyano‐3, 3‐diphenylpropyl ester hydrochloride in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetics study
Authors: Ji Xiwei , Chen Ye , Li Runtao , Zhou Tianyan , Lu Wei 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT4‐Methyl‐piperazine‐1‐carbodithioc acid 3‐cyano‐3, 3‐diphenylpropyl ester hydrochloride (TM208), a newly synthesized anticancer compound, was quantified using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) for the first time. A simple, rapid and sensitive assay method using propranolol as internal standard (IS) after one‐step precipitation with acetonitrile was developed and validated to determine TM208 in rat plasma. Separation was achieved on a reverse‐phase C18 column with a mobile phase composed of methanol–water (pH4.0) containing 5 m m ammonium acetate in gradient elution mode. A triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization source was used as detector and operated by multiple reaction monitoring in the positive ion mode. Calibration curves were linear (r > 0.99) between 0.2 and 500 ng/mL. The quantitative limit was 0.2 ng/mL; reliable precision and accuracy were validated by relative standard deviation values in the range 3.44–13.15% and relative error values between −0.58 and −9.78%. The method was successfully applied to preclinical pharmacokinetic studies of TM208. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fixed bed catalytic reactor modelling—the radial heat transfer problem
Authors: Dixon Anthony G. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAn interpretation of the state‐of‐the‐art in modelling radial heat transfer in fixed bed catalytic reactors is presented. The persistence of the classical kr–hw model is discussed, problems with typical approaches to obtaining and analysing experimental heat transfer data to get kr and hw are explained, current correlations for kr are evaluated and the contentious history of hw is elaborated. A brief discussion of alternatives to the kr–hw approach and their pros and cons is attempted, and the review is concluded by a look at computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in fixed bed radial heat transfer modelling. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Isolation of synaptic terminals from Alzheimer's disease cortex
Authors: Sokolow Sophie , Henkins Kristen M. , Williams Iris A. , Vinters Harry V. , Schmid Ingrid , Cole Gregory M. , Gylys Karen H. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAmyloid beta (Aβ) oligomers and phosphorylated tau (p‐tau) aggregates are increasingly identified as potential toxic intermediates in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In cortical AD synapses, p‐tau co‐localizes with Aβ, but the Aβ and p‐tau peptide species responsible for synaptic dysfunction and demise remains unclear. The present experiments were designed to use high‐speed cell sorting techniques to purify synaptosome population based on size, and then extend the method to physically isolate Aβ‐positive synaptosomes with the goal of understanding the nature of Aβ and tau pathology in AD synapses. To examine the purity of size‐gated synaptosomes, samples were first gated on size; particles with sizes between 0.5 and 1.5 microns were collected. Electron microscopy documented a homogenous population of spherical particles with internal vesicles and synaptic densities. Next, size‐gated synaptosomes positive for Aβ were collected by fluorescence activated sorting and then analyzed by immunoblotting techniques. Sorted Aβ‐positive synaptosomes were enriched for amyloid precursor protein (APP) and for Aβ oligomers and aggregates; immunolabeling for p‐tau showed a striking accumulation of p‐tau aggregates compared to the original homogenate and purified synaptosomes. These results confirm co‐localization of Aβ and p‐tau within individual synaptic terminals and provide proof of concept for the utility of flow sorting synaptosomes. © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
A Synthetic Overview of Radiolabeled Compounds for β‐Amyloid Targeting
Authors: Ribeiro Morais Goreti , Paulo António , Santos Isabel 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe formation of β‐amyloid plaques is considered a histopathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. For effective treatment of AD, diagnosis at an earlier stage of the degenerative process is essential. Therefore, in the last few years significant efforts to find probes for in vitro and/or in vivo imaging of β‐amyloid deposits have been made. This work presents an overview of different small molecules explored as fluorescent or radioactive probes for targeting β‐amyloid deposits. It focuses mainly on the different synthetic approaches used for their synthesis or radiosynthesis but their biological behaviour is also briefly discussed when appropriate.
Silibinin suppresses the maintenance of colorectal cancer stem‐like cells by inhibiting PP2A/AKT/mTOR pathways
Authors: Wang Jir‐You , Chang Chia‐Chi , Chiang Chao‐Ching , Chen Wei‐Ming , Hung Shih‐Chieh 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSilibinin, an effective chemo‐preventive agent in various cancer types, suppresses cancer cell growth, but its effects on cancer stem‐like cells (CSLCs) remain unclear. This study aimed to examine whether silibinin inhibited the development of CSLCs and disclose the underlying signaling. The colorectal cancer spheroid culture system was used for enriching CSLCs. The effects of silibinin on CSLCs were evaluated by counting sphere numbers, and calculating the percentage of CD133+ cells by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence both in the absence and presence of different concentrations of silibinin. The results showed the sphere number of CCS was 36 ± 9.6 after 15 days of CSLC enrichment in spheroid culture, and the percentage of CD133+ cells increased to 18 ± 6.4% compared to 3 ± 0.8% before enrichment. Treatment with silibinin reduced the sphere formation to 5 ± 3.3 and decreased the CD133+ percentage to 8 ± 2.3%. Interestingly, treatment of silibinin suppressed the activation of the AKT Ser473/mTOR pathway in spheroid culture through suppressing the activity of protein phosphatase 2Ac subunit (PP2Ac). In a xenograft tumor model, treatment with silibinin also inhibited tumor formation rate and tumor growth. Silibinin, which inhibits colon CSLCs self‐renewal and sphere formation by suppressing the PP2Ac/AKT Ser473/mTOR pathway, may be a compound for developing new strategies in modulating CSLCs in cancer therapy. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 1733–1743, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Odontogenic ameloblasts‐associated protein (ODAM), via phosphorylation by bone morphogenetic protein receptor type IB (BMPR–IB), is implicated in ameloblast differentiation
Authors: Lee Hye‐Kyung , Park Jong‐Tae , Cho Young‐Sik , Bae Hyun‐Sook , Cho Moon‐Il , Park Joo‐Cheol 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTo elucidate the function of the odontogenic ameloblast‐associated protein (ODAM) in ameloblasts, we identified more than 74 proteins that interact with ODAM using protoarray. Of the identified proteins, bone morphogenetic protein receptor type‐IB (BMPR‐IB) was physiologically relevant in differentiating ameloblasts. ODAM and BMPR‐IB exhibited similar patterns of expression in vitro, during ameloblast differentiation. ODAM and BMPR‐IB interacted through the C‐terminus of ODAM, which resulted in increased ODAM phosphorylation in the presence of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2). Immunoprecipitation assays using Ser‐Xaa‐Glu (SXE) mutants of ODAM demonstrated that the phosphorylation of ODAM by BMPR‐IB occurs at this motif, and this phosphorylation is required for the activation of MAPKs. ODAM phosphorylation was detected in ameloblasts during ameloblast differentiation and enamel mineralization in vitro and involved in the activation of downstream factors of MAPKs. Therefore, the BMP‐2‐BMPR‐IB‐ODAM‐MAPK signaling cascade has important roles in ameloblast differentiation and enamel mineralization. Our data suggest that ODAM facilitates the progression of tooth development in cooperation with BMPR‐IB through distinct domains of ODAM. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 1754–1765, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multiple‐exchange‐time xenon polarization transfer contrast (MXTC) MRI: Initial results in animals and healthy volunteers
Authors: Dregely Isabel , Ruset Iulian C. , Mata Jaime F. , Ketel Jeffrey , Ketel Steve , Distelbrink Jan , Altes Talissa A. , Mugler John P. , Wilson Miller G. , William Hersman F. , Ruppert Kai 
Published: December 2011

AbstractHyperpolarized xenon‐129 is a noninvasive contrast agent for lung MRI, which upon inhalation dissolves in parenchymal structures, thus mirroring the gas‐exchange process for oxygen in the lung. Multiple‐exchange‐time xenon polarization transfer contrast (MXTC) MRI is an implementation of the XTC MRI technique in four dimensions (three spatial dimensions plus exchange time). The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of MXTC MRI for the detection of microstructural deformations of the healthy lung in response to gravity‐induced tissue compression and the degree of lung inflation. MXTC MRI was performed in four rabbits and in three healthy human volunteers. Two lung function parameters, one related to tissue‐ to alveolar‐volume ratio and the other to average septal‐wall thickness, were determined regionally. A significant gradient in MXTC MRI parameters, consistent with gravity‐induced lung tissue deformation in the supine imaging position, was found at low lung volumes. At high lung volumes, parameters were generally lower and the gradient in parameter values was less pronounced. Results show that MXTC MRI permits the quantification of subtle changes in healthy lung microstructure. Further, only structures participating in gas exchange are represented in MXTC MRI data, which potentially makes the technique especially sensitive to pathological changes in lung microstructure affecting gas exchange. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differential effect of isoflurane, medetomidine, and urethane on BOLD responses to acute levo‐tetrahydropalmatine in the rat
Authors: Liu Xiping , Li Rupeng , Yang Zheng , Hudetz Anthony G. , Li Shi‐Jiang 
Published: December 2011

AbstractLevo‐tetrahydropalmatine (l‐THP) has shown significant promise in preclinical and clinical studies to treat drug addiction. Pharmacological MRI methods can elucidate the regional cerebral effects of l‐THP, but there are potential confounds from the use of general anesthesia. To investigate the possible anesthetic–drug interactions for the pharmacological MRI result of acute l‐THP, we examined acute blood oxygen level‐dependent responses of both 5 and 20 mg/kg l‐THP in naïve rats during general anesthesia achieved with three agents: isoflurane, medetomidine, and urethane. We found that with acute l‐THP administration, isoflurane revealed the smallest blood oxygen level‐dependent activation areas. In addition, urethane had the most activation areas; however, they were all negative. Medetomidine showed mixed positive and negative activations. Region‐specific interactions were found between the l‐THP‐induced blood oxygen level‐dependent responses and the anesthetic agents. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nitrogen‐Rich Energetic Dianionic Salts of 3, 4‐Bis(1H‐5‐­tetrazolyl)furoxan with Excellent Thermal Stability
Authors: Huang Haifeng , Zhou Zhiming , Liang Lixuan , Song Jinhong , Wang Kai , Cao Dan , Bian Chengming , Sun Wenwen , Xue Min 
Published: December 2011

Abstract Nitrogen‐rich 3, 4‐bis(1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)furoxan (H2BTF, 2) and its energetic salts with excellent thermal stability were successfully synthesized and fully characterized by 1H, and 13C NMR, and IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and elemental analyses. Additionally, the structures of barium (3) and 1‐methyl‐3, 4, 5‐triamino‐triazolium (10) salts were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The densities of the energetic salts paired with organic cations range between 1.56 and 1.85 g·cm–3 as measured by a gas pycnometer. Based on the measured densities and calculated heats of formation, the detonation pressures and velocities are calculated to be in the range 23.4–32.0 GPa and 7939–8915 m·s–1, which make them competitive energetic materials.