bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A la recherche du français populaire
Authors: Eloy Jean-Michel 
Published: November 2011

Searching for "popular french"

The notion of "popular French", commonly used even by some linguists, holds a certain sort of obviousness, but is it a relevant notion in linguistics ?
Questions relating to that notion in fifteen recent linguistic texts raise the following problems of: data-gathering, variation spotting, defining the norm, articulation between social and stylistic variation, defining a variety, the building of a sociology, defining causality, consideration of the listener's competence, the integration of speech into a larger field of communicative behavior.
Through these problems, it would appear that the notion of "popular French" is not one that has been scientifically founded, but it remains that it reflects in a somewhat confused manner a reality that is not very well known, possibly linked with "social dialects".
The questions put forward allow us to spot the terms in order to carry out a deeper research into this subject.
Do Subsidization and Monitoring Enhance Adherence to Prescribed Exercise?
Authors: Shepich Jeffrey , Slowiak Julie M. , Keniston Allen 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. We studied whether partial versus full subsidization and self versus other monitoring promote adherence to physician-prescribed exercise. Method. We randomly assigned 132 participants to experimental conditions defined by two levels of subsidization and two types of monitoring. Physicians wrote prescriptions as referrals to an exercise facility. A computer recorded participants' exercise for 12 weeks. A sponsoring medical organization paid half or all of the facility's fees. Half of the participants kept records of workouts, and half reported workouts to researchers who telephoned them. Results. Fully subsidized patients averaged 21.41 workouts versus 16.67 workouts by partially subsidized patients (p < .05). Researcher-monitored participants averaged 22.14 workouts versus 15.96 workouts by self-monitored participants (p < .01). Conclusions. Full subsidization and third-party monitoring increased exercise rates. These findings encourage use of both to enhance prescribed exercise rates and continued study of factors that contribute to the efficacy of prescribed exercise.
Characteristics of Participants in a Cancer Prevention Intervention Designed for Multiethnic Workers in Small Manufacturing Worksites
Authors: Hunt Mary K. , Stoddard Anne M. , Kaphingst Kimberly A. , Sorensen Glorian 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To examine worker characteristics explicated in our social-contextual intervention model that might be associated with participation in a cancer prevention intervention. These characteristics included sociodemographic variables, mediating mechanisms, and modifying conditions. Methods. Randomized, controlled study in 24 small multiethnic manufacturing worksites. Analyses were conducted on an embedded cohort of 456 employees in the intervention condition, incorporating the clustering of respondents in worksites using generalized linear mixed modeling methods. The intervention was based on an inclusive, comprehensive social-contextual model targeting fruit, vegetable, and red meat consumption, multivitamin use, and physical activity. Results. Gender (p = .02) and self-efficacy (p < .01) were associated with participation. There were no differences in participation by race/ethnicity or occupational status. We observed no associations between participation of individual workers in intervention activities and health behavior change. Conclusions. The intervention attracted workers across racial/ethnic and occupational groups. The combination of a comprehensive intervention with wide diffusion of program messages may have been more powerful in influencing participation and behavior change than characteristics of individual employees.
Impact of a Health Promotion Program on Employee Health Risks and Work Productivity
Authors: Mills Peter R. , Kessler Ronald C. , Cooper John , Sullivan Sean 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. Evaluate the impact of a multicomponent workplace health promotion program on employee health risks and work productivity. Design. Quasi-experimental 12-month before-after intervention-control study. Setting. A multinational corporation headquartered in the United Kingdom. Subjects. Of 618 employees offered the program, 266 (43%) completed questionnaires before and after the program. A total of 1242 of 2500 (49.7%) of a control population also completed questionnaires 12 months apart. Intervention. A multicomponent health promotion program incorporating a health risk appraisal questionnaire, access to a tailored health improvement web portal, wellness literature, and seminars and workshops focused upon identified wellness issues. Measures. Outcomes were (1) cumulative count of health risk factors and the World Health Organization health and work performance questionnaire measures of (2) workplace absenteeism and (3) work performance. Results. After adjusting for baseline differences, improvements in all three outcomes were significantly greater in the intervention group compared with the control group. Mean excess reductions of 0.45 health risk factors and 0.36 monthly absenteeism days and a mean increase of 0.79 on the work performance scale were observed in the intervention group compared with the control group. The intervention yielded a positive return on investment, even using conservative assumptions about effect size estimation. Conclusion. The results suggest that a well-implemented multicomponent workplace health promotion program can produce sizeable changes in health risks and productivity.
Mikrowellen‐unterstützte Synthese von kolloidalen anorganischen Nanokristallen
Authors: Baghbanzadeh Mostafa , Carbone Luigi , Cozzoli P. Davide , Kappe C. Oliver 
Published: November 2011

AbstractKolloidale anorganische Nanokristalle bestechen durch chemische Eigenschaften, die im Synthesestadium flexibel über Größe, Form und passend zugeschnittene Zusammensetzungen einstellbar sind, und eine Einsetzbarkeit in einem weiten Bereich technischer Anwendungen, angefangen mit der Optoelektronik, über die Energieumwandlung/ ‐erzeugung und Katalyse bis hin zur Biomedizin. Der Einsatz von Mikrowellenbestrahlung als nicht klassische Energiequelle hat bei der Nanokristallsynthese (die im Allgemeinen eine komplexe und zeitaufwändige Verarbeitung von molekularen Vorstufen in Gegenwart von Lösungsmitteln, Liganden und/oder Tensiden bei erhöhten Temperaturen umfasst) an Popularität gewonnen. Ebenso wie bei der mittlerweile weit verbreiteten Anwendung in der organischen Chemie ist die Effizienz des schnellen Aufheizens mit Mikrowellen bei Verringerung der Gesamtprozesssdauer einer der Hauptvorteile dieser Technik. Dieser Aufsatz beschreibt Mikrowellen‐unterstützte Vorgehensweisen, die zur Synthese von kolloidalen anorganischen Nanokristallen entwickelt wurden, und untersucht kritisch die jeweilige Rolle, die der Mikrowellenstrahlung bei der Bildung dieser Nanomaterialien zugeschrieben wird.
X‐ray diffraction study of iPP/cand iPP/TiO2 composites relating to micromechanical properties
Authors: Cagiao M. E. , Calleja F. J. Baltá , Spieckermann F. , Scholtyssek S. , Mina M. F. , Bhuiyan M. A. H. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractComposites of isotactic polypropylene with various contents of white clay or titanium dioxide TiO2 were prepared by extrusion molding. The extruded composites were melt‐pressed at two different temperatures, and, thereafter, either slowly cooled, or quenched to room temperatures. It is shown that the structure of all the samples, as revealed by wide‐angle X‐ray scattering and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), depends on the processing conditions. The lack of SAXS maxima in the composites suggests that the presence of the microadditives hinders the stacking of iPP lamellae. Furthermore, the microindentation hardness H in the slowly cooled composites is influenced by the type and amount of the filler used. However, in the quenched samples H depends only on the amount of the filler used, and not on its type. In case of the quenched iPP/clay composites, the relationship between H and the Young's modulus E is found to be H/E ≈ 0.12, in good agreement with Struik's theoretical predictions of σe ≈ E/30, in consonance with results previously obtained for a series of polyethylene samples with different morphology. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Chemical composition and structural feature of Populus gansuensis hemicellulosic polymers
Authors: Bian Jing , Peng Feng , Peng Pai , Xu Feng , Sun Run‐Cang 
Published: November 2011

AbstractHemicellulosic polymers A and B were isolated from Populus gansuensis by extracting the chlorite‐delignified residue with 10% KOH. Fractional precipitation of hemicellulose B by graded ethanol resulted in six subfractions varying in yield, molecular size distribution, and sugar composition. Macromolecular and more linear hemicellulosic polymers with higher yields were preferentially precipitated in relatively lower ethanol concentrations, while more branched and complex hemicellulosic polymers with lower molecular weights were obtained in relatively higher ethanol concentrations. Chemical and spectral evidence suggested that H30 subfraction obtained by 30% ethanol precipitation was assumed to be 4‐O‐methyl‐D‐glucurono‐D‐xylans, with 4‐O‐methyl‐D‐glucuronic acid linked to C‐2 of (1→4)‐β‐D‐xylan. On average for every six D‐xylopyranosyl residues, there is one 4‐O‐methyl‐D‐glucuronic acid group. Hemicellulosic subfraction H75 precipitated at the ethanol concentration of 75% was more branched, and presumed to be heterogeneous mixture of arabinoglucurnoxylan and galactoglucomannan. In addition, the thermal stability of the linear large molecular hemicellulosic subfraction H30 appeared higher than the branched subfraction H75. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Characterization of molecular interaionic and intraionic crosslinkable sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone‐alt‐benzimidazole) membrane
Authors: Wang Jianli , Yu Hongfei , Lee Myong‐Hoon , Zhang Shenggang , Wang Dehai 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA novel alternating copolymer of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone‐alt‐benzimidazole)s (SPEEK‐alt‐BI) was synthesized by polycondensation in our previous report. In this article, we examined the properties of SPEEK‐alt‐BI membranes, such as thermal and mechanical stability, hydrolysis, and swelling properties in water, and proton conductivities at various temperatures and humidity. The experimental results showed that SPEEK‐alt‐BI membranes exhibited promising oxidative and hydrolysis stabilities. Although the base moieties in SPEEK‐alt‐BI main chain would capture proton and form reversible salt hindering the proton transfer capability, the conductivity of membrane 60SPEEK‐alt‐BI‐H [Sulfonation degree (S.D.), 60% in form of proton] could achieve 22.61 mS/cm at 80°C and 100% humidity. Meanwhile, the conductivity of membrane could reach 40.12 mS/cm with phosphorus acid doping. The methanol permeation coefficient of 60SPEEK‐alt‐BI membrane is 2.3 × 10−8 cm2/s at 20°C, which is magnitude lower than that of Nafion®117, 1.11 × 10−6 cm2/s. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Poly(glutaraldehyde)‐stabilized fish scale fibrillar collagen–some features of a new material for heavy metal sorption
Authors: Moura Karine O. , Vieira Eunice F. S. , Cestari Antonio R. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn this work, fibrillar collagen on scales of Corvina fish (Micropogonias furnieri) was crosslinked and used as a new adsorbent for sorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. Characterization has suggested that the crosslinked collagen of Corvina scale has higher denaturation temperature in relation to the raw scales. In addition, electrostatic interactions between collagen positive charges and chromate negative charges constitute the majority of the interactions. Solution microcalorimetry experiments have indicated that water swelling of the crosslinked scales is slightly exothermic and increased with increasing temperature. Sorption of Cr(VI) by crosslinked scales increases with increasing initial Cr(VI) concentration in solution and decreases with temperature increasing. The kinetic data of Cr(VI) sorption on crosslinked scales were best fitted to a multilinear exponential model. The values of Cr(VI) diffusion constants increase with both temperature and initial Cr(VI) concentration in solution. The maximum sorption capacity of the new adsorbent for Cr (VI) was found at 39 mg g−1 and is higher than some commercial adsorbent samples. So, chemically crosslinked Corvina scale is a promising adsorbent for sorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Human Serum Albumin Nanotubes with Esterase Activity
Authors: Komatsu Teruyuki , Sato Takaaki , Boettcher Christoph 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA nanocylindrical wall structure was obtained by layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembly of poly‐L‐arginine (PLA) and human serum albumin (HSA) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning force microscopy (SFM), and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo‐TEM). SEM and SFM measurements of a lyophilized powder of (PLA/HSA)3 nanotubes yielded images of round, chimney‐like architectures with approximately 100 nm wall thickness. Cryo‐TEM images of the hydrated sample revealed that the tube walls are composed of densely packed HSA molecules. Moreover, when small‐angle X‐ray scattering was used to characterize the individual PLA and HSA components in aqueous solutions, maximum diameters of approximately 28 nm and 8 nm were obtained, respectively. These values indicate the minimum thickness of wall layers consisting of PLA and HSA. It can also be concluded from SEM as well as from cryo‐TEM images that the protein cylinders are considerably swollen in the presence of water. Furthermore, HSA retains esterase activity if assembled in nanotubes, as indicated by measurements of para‐nitrophenyl acetate hydrolysis under semi‐physiological conditions (pH 7.4, 22 °C). The enzyme activity parameters (Michaelis constant, Km, and catalytic constant, kcat) were comparable to those of free HSA.
Tuning HP1α Chromodomain Selectivity for Di‐ and Trimethyllysine
Authors: Eisert Robyn J. , Waters Marcey L. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractHistone lysine methylation is a critical marker for controlling gene expression. The position and extent of methylation (mono‐, di‐, or tri‐) controls the binding of effector proteins that determine whether the associated DNA is expressed or not. Dysregulation of histone protein methylation has been associated with a number of types of cancer, and development of inhibitors for the effector proteins is becoming an active area of research. For this reason, understanding the mechanism by which effector proteins obtain selectivity for the different methylation states of lysine is of great interest. To this end, we have performed mutation studies on the Drosophila HP1α chromodomain, which binds H3K9Me2 and H3K9Me3 with approximately equal affinities. The selectivity of HP1α chromodomain for H3K9Me3 over H3K9Me2 was investigated by mutating E52 to remove or weaken the hydrogen bond to K9Me2 while maintaining affinity for K9Me3, including E52F, E52I, E52V, E52D, an E52Q. The E52Q mutant exhibited the greatest degree of selectivity for KMe3, with 3.5‐fold weaker binding to the dimethylated peptide (KD=52 μM) compared to the trimethylated peptide (KD=15 μM). These studies provide insight into the role of electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding in the differentiation of methylation states and have implications regarding the evolutionary pressure for selectivity in this protein–protein interaction. Moreover, the information from this study may help guide inhibitor development for this class of proteins.
Galloflavin (CAS 568‐80‐9): A Novel Inhibitor of Lactate Dehydrogenase
Authors: Manerba Marcella , Vettraino Marina , Fiume Luigi , Di Stefano Giuseppina , Sartini Andrea , Giacomini Elisa , Buonfiglio Rosa , Roberti Marinella , Recanatini Maurizio 
Published: November 2011

AbstractOne of the most prominent alterations in cancer cells is their strict dependence on the glycolytic pathway for ATP generation. This observation led to the evaluation of glycolysis inhibitors as potential anticancer agents. The inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a promising way to inhibit tumor cell glucose metabolism without affecting the energetic balance of normal tissues. However, the success of this approach depends chiefly on the availability of inhibitors that display good selectivity. We identified a compound (galloflavin, CAS 568‐80‐9) which, in contrast to other inhibitors of human LDH, hinders both the A and B isoforms of the enzyme. To determine the mechanism of action, we collected LDH‐A and ‐B inhibition data in competition reactions with pyruvate or NADH and evaluated the results using software for enzyme kinetics analysis. We found that galloflavin inhibits both human LDH isoforms by preferentially binding the free enzyme, without competing with the substrate or cofactor. The calculated Ki values for pyruvate were 5.46 μM (LDH‐A) and 15.06 μM (LDH‐B). In cultured tumor cells, galloflavin blocked aerobic glycolysis at micromolar concentrations, did not interfere with cell respiration, and induced cell death by triggering apoptosis. To our knowledge, the inhibition of LDH is, to date, the only biochemical effect described for galloflavin. Because galloflavin is not commercially available, we also describe herein a procedure for its synthesis and report its first full chemical characterization.
Ternary Monolayer Interfaces for Ultrasensitive and Direct Bioelectronic Detection of Nucleic Acids in Complex Matrices
Authors: Campuzano S. , Kuralay F. , Wang J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractElectrochemical nucleic acid biosensors have received considerable attention for the detection of biological agents. Control of the surface chemistry and coverage of the electrode transducer are essential for enhancing the performance of electrochemical DNA biosensors, and particularly for maximizing the hybridization efficiency and minimizing of nonspecific adsorption events. This review highlights recent advances and progress in the development of new surface chemistry approaches based on novel ternary DNA self‐assembled monolayer (SAM)‐interfaces using dithiols as new co‐adsorbents/‘backfillers’. The design and characterization of these powerful ternary SAM interfaces on different gold transducers are described, along with their implications to electrochemical biosensing of bioagents.
The challenge of modeling pool–riffle morphologies in channels with different densities of large woody debris and boulders
Authors: Thompson Douglas M. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTStudies on pool morphologies include reports of over 80% or 90% of pools being associated with structural controls and large obstructions that include boulders, bedrock outcrops and large woody debris (LWD). A Monte Carlo simulation approach and developmental computer model was created to predict pool formation, spacing and the percentage length covered by pools, riffles, scour holes and runs based on input data that include channel slope, width, the number of small and large boulders, and the number of 10–30 cm, 30–60 cm and >60 cm pieces of wood. The statistical‐empirical model is founded on the idea that boulders, bedrock outcrops and large woody debris provide a physical framework that then controls local water‐surface slopes, velocity patterns and the locations of pools and riffles. The spacing values of individual types and sizes of obstructions are modeled as log‐normal distributions with separate distributions for each obstruction type. Pools are assigned different probabilities of development depending on the obstruction type. Pool and riffle lengths used to create the subsequent morphology follow their own slope‐dependent, log‐normal trends. A minimum distance develops between successive pools because of the backwater and turbulent conditions needed for pool formation. The total number and spacing of pools, riffles and scour holes thus reflects the number and locations of obstructions and characteristics of the pool–riffle couplet. The simulation model accurately captures the number of pools in the modeled data range at 65% of all the verification field sites, and 86% of the verification field sites with a more limited range of width and slope characteristics. Lower levels of prediction capabilities are associated with modeled numbers of scour holes and log jams. The model accurately mimics some statistical attributes of pool spacing, and future versions of the model could be developed to improve overall predictive capabilities. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternity waiting homes and institutional birth in Nicaragua: policy options and strategic implications
Authors: García Prado Ariadna , Cortez Rafael 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYWith the aim of promoting institutional births and reducing the high maternal and child mortality rates in rural and poor zones, the government of Nicaragua is supporting the creation of maternity waiting homes. This study analyzes that strategy and examines the factors associated with the use of maternity waiting homes and institutional birth. To that end, we apply a quantitative approach, by means of an econometric analysis of the data extracted from surveys conducted in 2006 on a sample of women and parteras or traditional birth attendants, as well as a qualitative approach based on interviews with key informants. Results indicate that although the operation of the maternity waiting homes is usually satisfactory, there is still room for improvement along the following lines: (i) disseminating information about the homes to both women and men, as the latter frequently decide the course of women's healthcare, and to parteras, who can play an important role in referring women; (ii) strengthening the postpartum care; (iii) ensuring financial sustainability by obtaining regular financial support from the government to complement contributions from the community; and (iv) strengthening the local management and involvement of the regional government. These measures might be useful for health policy makers in Nicaragua and in other developing countries that are considering this strategy. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of body condition on reproductive output in the guinea pig
Authors: Michel Catherine Louise , Bonnet Xavier 
Published: November 2011

AbstractReproduction is expensive. Substantial body reserves (i.e. high body condition) are usually required for females to undertake offspring production. In many vertebrates, maternal body condition positively influences reproductive output, and emaciated individuals skip reproduction. However, the impact of extremely high body condition, more specifically obesity, on animal reproductive performance remains poorly understood and research has generated contradictory results. For instance, obesity negatively affects fertility in women, but does not influence reproductive capacity or reproductive output in laboratory rodents. We examined the influence of high body condition on reproductive status and reproductive output in the guinea pig. In captivity, when fed ad libitum, guinea pigs store large amounts of fat tissues and exhibit a tendency for obesity. Our results show that obesity negatively affected reproduction in this species: both the proportion of fertile females and litter size were lower in the fattest females. Therefore, guinea pigs may represent suitable organisms to better understand the negative effect of obesity on reproduction.J. Exp. Zool. 317:24–31, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.