bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetism of Rare‐Earth Cobalt Phosphides GdCo3P2 and GdCo5P3
Authors: Thompson Corey M. , Kovnir Kirill , Zhou Haidong , Shatruk Michael 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMagnetic properties of GdCo3P2 and GdCo5P3 are reported. Both compounds are paramagnetic at room temperature. GdCo3P2 undergoes an antiferromagnetic transition due to the ordering of gadolinium magnetic moments at 16 K. The cobalt atoms do not contribute to the magnetism of this compound. The antiferromagnetic transition is shifted to lower temperatures by an applied magnetic field, reaching 12 K at 0.60 T. Such behavior is attributed to spin canting or spin reorientation at higher fields. No such abrupt transition is observed in GdCo5P3, but the field dependence of magnetization at 1.8 K indicates canted antiferromagnetism. In addition, observation of distinct peaks in the AC magnetic susceptibility at 66 K, 54 K, and 48 K suggests occurrence of successive magnetic state changes. An examination of previously determined crystal structures of these solids reveals common structural elements derived from the [Co2P2] layer present in the structure of RECo2P2 phases (RE = rare earth; ThCr2Si2 structure type). In GdCo3P2 and GdCo5P3, such layers are truncated and form triangular patterns when viewed along the [010] crystallographic direction. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis showed that GdCo5P3 is isostructural to YCo5P3. The gadolinium atoms form chains along [010] with d(Gd–Gd) = 3.683 Å. In GdCo3P2, the gadolinium atoms form cobalt‐centered trigonal prisms with d(Gd–Gd) approx. 3.7–3.8 Å. The prisms share their trigonal faces to form columns along [010].
The Utility of Multidetector Computed Tomography for Detection of Parathyroid Disease in the Setting of Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Linda Dorota D. , Ng Bernard , Rebello Ryan , Harish Srinivasan , Ioannidis George , Young J.E.M. 
Published: September 2011

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in the detection of parathyroid adenoma and hyperplasia in the setting of primary hyperparathyroidism. Methods Records of 48 patients with biochemically confirmed primary hyperparathyroidism, who underwent preoperative imaging with 16- or 64-slice contrast-enhanced MDCT and subsequent successful parathyroidectomy over a 3-year period, were reviewed. Two radiologists, blinded to the operative and histologic findings, independently evaluated multiplanar computed tomographic images for all patients. Results On pathologic examination, 63 abnormal glands were confirmed in 41 female and 7 male patients (mean age, 63 years). Of the 63 abnormal glands, 40 were adenomatous and 23 were hyperplastic. MDCT demonstrated an 88% (95% confidence interval [CI], 77%–99%) positive predictive value for localizing abnormal hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands. The sensitivity of MDCT in detecting single-gland disease was 80% (95% CI, 68%–92%); whereas the specificity for ruling out hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue, either adenomatous or hyperplastic, was 75% (95% CI, 51%–99%). The sensitivity for exclusively localizing parathyroid hyperplasia was 17% (95% CI, 2%–33%). The parathyroid adenomas were substantially larger and heavier than their hyperplastic counterparts, with an average weight of 1.51 g (range, 0.08–6.00 g) and 0.42 g (range, 0.02–2.0 g) for adenoma and hyperplasia, respectively. Conclusions Contrast-enhanced MDCT demonstrated an 88% positive predictive value for localizing adenomatous and hyperplastic parathyroid glands. The poor sensitivity for detection of multigland disease was likely a result of the smaller size and weight of the abnormal hyperplastic glands.
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of titrated oral misoprostol and a conventional oral regimen for cervical ripening and labor induction
Authors: Thaisomboon Amporn , Russameecharoen Kusol , Wanitpongpan Prapat , Phattanachindakun Buraya , Changnoi Alita 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and safety of titrated oral misoprostol and a conventional oral regimen for cervical ripening and labor induction.MethodsA randomized double‐blind trial of women with term singleton pregnancies with indications for labor induction. Participants were allocated to receive 20 mL of misoprostol solution (1 μg/mL) orally every 1 hour for 4 doses then titrated to 40 μg every 1 hour (titrated group) or 50 μg of misoprostol orally every 4 hours up to 12 hours (conventional group). Primary outcomes were success rate of cervical ripening within 12 hours, interval from first dose until more favorable cervix or active labor occurred, and total dose of misoprostol.ResultsSixty‐four participants were included. Mean total dose of misoprostol and incidence of tachysystole were significantly higher in the titrated compared with the conventional group (236.2 ± 110.1 μg vs 103.1 ± 35.7 μg; P = 0.001 and 25.0% vs 6.3%; P = 0.03), whereas success rate, interval from drug administration to more favorable cervix and delivery, proportion of patients delivered vaginally within 12 hours and 24 hours, need for oxytocin augmentation, cesarean delivery rate, maternal adverse effects and complications, and neonatal outcome were not significantly different (P > 0.05).ConclusionConventional oral misoprostol is as effective as titrated misoprostol for cervical ripening and labor induction, but has a lower incidence of tachysystole and a lower total dose of misoprostol is required. ClinicalTrial.gov: NCT00886860.
Experimental evidence for costs due to chewing lice in the European bee-eater (Merops apiaster)
Authors: HOI H. , KRIŠTOFÍK J. , DAROLOVÁ A. , HOI C. 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYAnimals frequently host organisms on their surface which can be beneficial, have no effect or a negative effect on their host. Ectoparasites, by definition, are those which incur costs to their host, but these costs may vary. Examples of avian ectoparasites are chewing lice which feed exclusively on dead feather or skin material; therefore, costs to their bird hosts are generally considered small. Theoretically, many possible proximate effects exist, like loss of tissue or food, infected bites, transmission of microparasitic diseases or reduced body insulation due to loss of feathers, which may ultimately also have fitness consequences. Here, we experimentally examined a possible negative impact of 2 feather-eating louse species (Meropoecus meropisandBrueelia apiastri) on male and female European bee-eaters (Merops apiaster) by removing or increasing louse loads and comparing their impact to a control group (lice removed and immediately returned) after 1 month. A negative effect of chewing lice was found on body mass and sedimentation rate and to a lesser extent on haematocrit levels. Males and females lost more weight when bearing heavy louse loads, and were more susceptible to infestations as indicated by the higher sedimentation rate. Our results further suggest differences in sex-specific susceptibility.
Embedding an interpreted language using higher-order functions and types
Authors: RAMSEY NORMAN 
Published: September 2011

AbstractUsing an embedded, interpreted language to control a complicated application can have significant software-engineering benefits. But existing interpreters are designed for embedding into C code. To embed an interpreter into a different language requires an API suited to that language. This paper presents Lua-ML, a new API that is suited to languages that provide higher-order functions and types. The API exploits higher-order functions and types to reduce the amount ofglue codeneeded to use an embedded interpreter. Where embedding in C requires a special-purpose “glue function” for every function to be embedded, embedding in Lua-ML requires only a description of each function's type. Lua-ML also makes it easy to define a Lua function whose behavior depends on the number and types of its arguments.
Apathy and Depression: Separate Factors in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Kirsch-Darrow Lindsey , Marsiske Michael , Okun Michael S. , Bauer Russell , Bowers Dawn 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that apathy and depression are dissociable in Parkinson disease (PD) by conducting a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of items from two commonly used mood scales. A total of 161 non-demented PD patients (age = 64.1; ± 8.4 years) were administered the Apathy Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Items were hypothesized to load onto four factors: (1) an apathy factor representing loss of motivation, (2) dysphoric mood factor representing sadness and negativity, (3) loss of interest/pleasure factor representing the features common to both apathy and depression, and (4) a somatic factor representing bodily complaints. Results indicated a good fit for the overall CFA model, χ2 (128, N = 146) = 194.9; p<.01. RMSEA was .060 (p = .16). The four-factor model was significantly better than all alternative nested models at p < .001, including an overarching single factor model, representing “depression.” Results support the concept that apathy and depression are discrete constructs. We suggest a “factor based” scoring of the Apathy Scale and Beck Depression Inventory-II that disentangles symptoms related to apathy, depression, overlapping symptoms, and somatic complaints. Such scoring may be important in providing useful information regarding differential treatment options. (JINS, 2011, 17, 1058–1066)
Co-habiting amphibian species harbor unique skin bacterial communities in wild populations
Authors: McKenzie Valerie J , Bowers Robert M , Fierer Noah , Knight Rob , Lauber Christian L 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Although all plant and animal species harbor microbial symbionts, we know surprisingly little about the specificity of microbial communities to their hosts. Few studies have compared the microbiomes of different species of animals, and fewer still have examined animals in the wild. We sampled four pond habitats in Colorado, USA, where multiple amphibian species were present. In total, 32 amphibian individuals were sampled from three different species including northern leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens), western chorus frogs (Pseudacris triseriata) and tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum). We compared the diversity and composition of the bacterial communities on the skin of the collected individuals via barcoded pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Dominant bacterial phyla included Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteriodetes, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. In total, we found members of 18 bacterial phyla, comparable to the taxonomic diversity typically found on human skin. Levels of bacterial diversity varied strongly across species: L. pipiens had the highest diversity; A. tigrinum the lowest. Host species was a highly significant predictor of bacterial community similarity, and co-habitation within the same pond was not significant, highlighting that the skin-associated bacterial communities do not simply reflect those bacterial communities found in their surrounding environments. Innate species differences thus appear to regulate the structure of skin bacterial communities on amphibians. In light of recent discoveries that some bacteria on amphibian skin have antifungal activity, our finding suggests that host-specific bacteria may have a role in the species-specific resistance to fungal pathogens.
(Central) Auditory Processing Disorders: Issues and Challenges in India
Authors: Bantwal Anuradha R. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIndividuals with (Central) Auditory Processing Disorder, or (C)APD, form a heterogeneous group. The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association has listed the auditory processes that could be assessed to enable diagnosis of (C)APD. In India, detailed audiological assessment and intervention for auditory processing problems is being conducted in relatively few centers. The linguistic diversity of India presents with a unique challenge in providing clinical services and having complete test batteries in all spoken languages. In recent years, (C)APD has generated significant interest among speech and hearing professionals in India, with several leading institutes making efforts toward filling various lacunae in this area.
Diminishing Barriers to the Praxis Examination in Communication Sciences and Disorders
Authors: Riquelme Luis F. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Passing the Praxis Examination in speech-language pathology or audiology can be a difficult task. A passing score is the entry to a list of requirements for national certification (CCC-SLP, CCC-A) and for state licensure in the United States. This article will provide current information on the examination and address barriers to success that have been identified over the years. A call to action may serve to refocus efforts on improving access to success for all test-takers regardless of race/ethnicity, ability, or geographic location.
Educational Ambivalence in Iran
Authors: Zonis Marvin 
Published: September 2011

Iran is rare among developing societies, in the intensity of its dilemma resulting from efforts to effect a symbiosis between two divergent traditions--cultural continuity and technological, i.e., Western, innovation. As the Shah himself sees it, “we are both adjusting the technology to our culture and our culture to the technology.” But the “adjustment” proceeds, at best, haltingly with the result that neither of the traditions is especially vital, nor entirely relevant to Iran's political goals.In no area of contemporary Iranian life can this be more tellingly demonstrated than that of education. Where the political leadership has made a firm commitment to social, political, and economic change, the educational sector is frequently among the first to reflect this commitment. But the ambiguities, contradictions, and ambivalences of Iran's political elite is reflected in the course of Iran's educational system.
The association of specific metabolites of lipid metabolism with markers of oxidative stress, inflammation and arterial stiffness in men with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ha Chang Young , Kim Ji Young , Paik Jean Kyung , Kim Oh Yoen , Paik Yong‐Han , Lee Eun Jig , Lee Jong Ho 
Published: September 2011

SummaryObjective  To determine whether circulating metabolic intermediates are associated with inflammation, oxidative stress and arterial stiffness in men with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and investigate the circulating metabolic intermediates that may predict the risk of developing diabetes.Research design and methods  Men with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (n = 26) and age‐ and body mass index–matched nondiabetic men (n = 27) were included. We measured inflammatory and oxidative markers and arterial stiffness by brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (ba‐PWV). Metabolomic profiling was analysed with ultra performance liquid chromatography and quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry.Results  Diabetic men showed higher circulating levels of glucose, triglyceride, oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, interleukin (IL)‐6, tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), homeostasis model assessment‐insulin resistance, urinary 8‐epi‐prostaglandin F2α (8‐epi‐PGF2α) and ba‐PWV than nondiabetic men. In plasma, 19 metabolites including three amino acids, eight acylcarnitines, six lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPCs), and two lysophosphatidylethanolamines (lysoPEs; C18:2 and C22:6) significantly increased in diabetes men, whereas serine and lysoPE (C18:1) decreased. Decanoyl carnitine, lysoPCs (C14:0, C16:1, C18:1 and C22:6) and lysoPE (C18:1) with variable importance in the projection values >1·0 were major plasma metabolites that distinguished nondiabetic and diabetic men. Decanoyl carnitine positively correlated with oxidized LDL, 8‐epi‐PGF2α, IL‐6, TNF‐α and ba‐PWV. ba‐PWV correlated positively with lysoPCs C14:0 and C16:1, and negatively with lysoPE C18:1. 8‐epi‐PGF2α correlated positively with lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2, ba‐PWV and lysoPCs (C14:0 and C16:1). The receiver operating characteristic curve estimation suggested that decanoyl carnitine and lysoPC (C14:0) are the best metabolites for predicting the risk of developing diabetes.Conclusions  Circulating lipid‐related intermediate metabolites can be closely associated with inflammation, oxidative stress and arterial stiffness in early diabetes.
Levels of fetuin‐A relate to the levels of bone turnover biomarkers in male and female patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Rasul Sazan , Ilhan Aysegul , Reiter Marie H. , Todoric Jelena , Farhan Serdar , Esterbauer Harald , Kautzky‐Willer Alexandra 
Published: September 2011

SummaryObjective  To evaluate the relationship of plasma fetuin‐A levels with markers of bone turnover in male and female type 2 diabetic subjects.Background  Fetuin‐A, which is a serum protein produced by the liver and promotes bone mineralization, is an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes, whilst type 2 diabetes is associated with an increased incidence of osteoporosis or fractures. It is not known how fetuin‐A levels relate to parameters of bone metabolism in type 2 diabetes.Design and patients  Eighty patients with type 2 diabetes [40 men and 40 women matched for age, body mass index (BMI) and time since diagnosis of diabetes] were studied. Fetuin‐A together with metabolic parameters and levels of serum carboxy‐terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (C‐telopeptide), osteocalcin, procollagen type 1 amino‐terminal propeptide (P1NP), bone alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and sex hormones was determined in all participants.Results  Fetuin‐A levels did not differ significantly between male and female diabetic subjects. In a model adjusted for age, BMI, fatty liver index (FLI), time since diagnosis of diabetes, HbA1c, antidiabetic and lipid‐lowering drug therapies, smoking, total serum protein, creatinine, gamma glutamyl‐transferase, parathyroid hormone, C‐reactive protein, glomerular filtration rate, and presence of micro‐, cardio‐, and peripheral vascular diabetic complications, fetuin‐A showed a significant positive association with levels of bone ALP (r = 0·71, P = 0·006) in men. In women, fetuin‐A was significantly negatively associated with C‐telopeptide (r = −0·60, P = 0·03) levels.Conclusions  Results suggest an independent association of fetuin‐A levels with markers of bone turnover in male and female patients with type 2 diabetes. More studies are needed to determine whether fetuin‐A could serve as a new marker for fracture risk or osteoporosis in type 2 diabetes and to explore its potential sexually dimorphic effects.
Distinct In Vitro Myelopoiesis is Dependent on the Self‐Renewal of Hematopoietic Progenitors
Authors: Hinton R. A. , Papathanasiou P. , O’Neill H. C. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSpleen and bone marrow (BM) have been shown to contain the progenitors of a novel dendritic‐like antigen‐presenting cell type (L‐DC). These progenitors are also maintained in both long‐term spleen cultures and co‐cultures of spleen or BM over the stromal cell line STX3. We examined mouse foetal liver (FL), rich in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSC/HPC) after embryonic day (E) 12.5, for the presence of L‐DC progenitors by testing their capacity to colonize STX3 and produce L‐DC. E14.5 FL from wild‐type C57BL/6J mice was found to colonize STX3 and produce L‐DC for 28 days. By contrast, E14.5 FL from Ikaros Plastic mice gave only short‐term production of low numbers of L‐DC between 7 and 14 days of co‐culture. The transient and weak production of L‐DC by FL from Plastic E14.5 mice maps to the loss of self‐renewal capacity amongst HSC. L‐DC progenitors are, therefore, closely aligned with a subset of self‐renewing HSC/HPC in FL.
Maternal control of seed oil content in Brassica napus: the role of silique wall photosynthesis
Authors: Hua Wei , Li Rong‐Jun , Zhan Gao‐Miao , Liu Jing , Li Jun , Wang Xin‐Fa , Liu Gui‐Hua , Wang Han‐Zhong 
Published: September 2011

SummarySeed oil content is an important agronomic trait in rapeseed. However, our understanding of the regulatory processes controlling oil accumulation is still limited. Using two rapeseed lines (zy036 and 51070) with contrasting oil content, we found that maternal genotype greatly affects seed oil content. Genetic and physiological evidence indicated that difference in the local and tissue‐specific photosynthetic activity in the silique wall (a maternal tissue) was responsible for the different seed oil contents. This effect was mimicked by in planta manipulation of silique wall photosynthesis. Furthermore, the starch content and expression of the important lipid synthesis regulatory gene WRINKLED1 in developing seeds were linked with silique wall photosynthetic activity. 454 pyrosequencing was performed to explore the possible molecular mechanism for the difference in silique wall photosynthesis between zy036 and 51070. Interestingly, the results suggested that photosynthesis‐related genes were over‐represented in both total silique wall expressed genes and genes that were differentially expressed between genotypes. A potential regulatory mechanism for elevated photosynthesis in the zy036 silique wall is proposed on the basis of knowledge from Arabidopsis. Differentially expressed ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco)‐related genes were used for further investigations. Oil content correlated closely with BnRBCS1A expression levels and Rubisco activities in the silique wall, but not in the leaf. Taken together, our results highlight an important role of silique wall photosynthesis in the regulation of seed oil content in terms of maternal effects.
Successful conversion from twice‐daily to once‐daily tacrolimus in liver transplantation: observational multicenter study
Authors: Dopazo Cristina , Rodriguez Roberto , Llado Laura , Calatayud David , Castells Lluis , Ramos Emilio , Molina Victor , García Raquel , Fabregat Joan , Charco Ramon 
Published: September 2011

Dopazo C, Rodriguez R, Llado L, Calatayud D, Castells L, Ramos E, Molina V, García R, Fabregat J, Charco R. Successful conversion from twice‐daily to once‐daily tacrolimus in liver transplantation: observational multicenter study.  Clin Transplant 2012: 26: E32–E37.  © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Background:  Compliance with immunosuppressive therapy in liver transplant patients is critical to prevent acute organ rejection and/or late graft loss. Strategies to simplify the therapeutic regimen may improve adherence.Aim:  To evaluate the safety and efficacy of conversion from a twice‐daily to once‐daily tacrolimus formulation in adult liver transplant patients.Patients and methods:  This prospective observational multicenter study included 187 liver transplant patients with at least 10 months post‐transplant follow‐up, no rejection episodes in the last three months, and creatinine levels <2 mg/dL. Conversion from a twice‐daily to a once‐daily formulation was based on a 1:1 proportion.Results:  Median age was 61 yr (range: 28–80 yr); 64% were men and 36% women. The main indications for liver transplant were alcoholic cirrhosis in 30%. Median conversion time was 55 months (range: 10–215 months). Serum tacrolimus levels decreased at one month after conversion (pre‐conversion levels = 5.4 ± 3.0 ng/mL vs. post‐conversion levels = 4.4 ± 2.4 ng/mL, p = 0.013); however, these values normalized at six months post‐conversion with no changes in liver function and rejection episodes were observed only in two patients.Conclusion:  Conversion from a twice‐daily to a once‐daily tacrolimus formulation is a safe, effective strategy in the management of stable liver transplant patients.