bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Close connection between improvement in left ventricular function by cardiac resynchronization therapy and the incidence of arrhythmias in cardiac resynchronization therapy‐defibrillator patients
Authors: Schaer Beat A. , Osswald Stefan , Di Valentino Marcello , Soliman Osama I. , Sticherling Christian , ten Cate Folkert J. , Jordaens Luc , Theuns Dominic A. 
Published: October 2010

AimsThe aim of this study was to determine the relationship between improved ejection fraction (EF) and occurrence of arrhythmias in patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy devices with defibrillator function (CRT‐D). The hypothesis was that patients who experienced a marked improvement in EF also had fewer appropriate defibrillator interventions.Methods and resultsWe analysed data of 270 patients from2 prospective registries with follow‐up of ≥12 months and echocardiography performed ≥8 months after CRT‐D implantation. The discriminator was whether left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) improved to >35% [cut‐off for primary prevention implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) implantation]. Mean age was 61 ± 11 years, LVEF 22 ± 5%, and follow‐up 40 ± 22 months. Ischaemic cardiomyopathy was present in 48%, and secondary prevention indication was present in 25%. Implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator interventions were delivered to 35% of patients. Echocardiography (20 ± 15 months after implantation) showed an improvement in LVEF from 22% (SD 5.4%) to 30% (SD 9.8%). Improvement to >35% was seen in 21% of patients. Those who improved to >35% had fewer ICD interventions than those who did not (23 vs.38%; P‐value 0.03). Analysing only patients with a primary prevention indication and stratifying again in patients with and without improvement of LVEF to >35%, the latter had highly significant more ICD‐therapies (6 vs. 31%; P‐value 0.0008).ConclusionPatients with CRT‐D for primary prevention, whose LVEF improved to >35% during mid‐term follow‐up, are at low risk of first ICD therapies beyond year 1. If similar findings are reported in other patient cohorts, this might impact on decision‐making at the time of battery depletion.
Effects of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and of rosuvastatin on left ventricular function in chronic heart failure: a substudy of GISSI‐HF trial
Authors: Ghio Stefano , Scelsi Laura , Latini Roberto , Masson Serge , Eleuteri Ermanno , Palvarini Michela , Vriz Olga , Pasotti Michele , Gorini Marco , Marchioli Roberto , Maggioni Aldo , Tavazzi Luigi ,   for the GISSI‐HF investigators
Published: October 2010

AimsThe GISSI‐HF trial showed that n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), but not rosuvastatin, reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with symptomatic heart failure (HF) of any cause. The aim of this echocardiographic substudy of GISSI‐HF was to investigate the effects of n‐3 PUFA and of rosuvastatin on left ventricular (LV) function in such patients.Methods and resultsSix hundred and eight chronic HF patients were randomized to n‐3 PUFA (n = 312) or placebo (n = 296); a second randomization was performed to rosuvastatin (n = 212) or placebo (n = 207). Echocardiographic examinations were recorded at baseline and at 1, 2, and 3 years; offline analysis was performed by a core laboratory to ensure consistent quantitative analysis. Baseline LV ejection fraction (EF) was 30% (95%CI 29–31). Left ventricular ejection fraction increased with n‐3 PUFA by 8.1% at 1 year, 11.1% at 2 years, and 11.5% at 3 years vs. 6.3% at 1 year, 8.2% at 2 years, and 9.9% at 3 years in the placebo group (P = 0.0050). No other echocardiographic parameter changed significantly. Rosuvastatin effects were not statistically significant.Conclusionn‐3 PUFA can provide a small but statistically significant advantage in terms of LV function in patients with symptomatic HF of any aetiology, already treated with recommended therapies.
Influence of cardiomegaly on disordered breathing during exercise in chronic heart failure
Authors: Olson Thomas P. , Johnson Bruce D. 
Published: October 2010

AimsHeart failure (HF) patients breathe with a rapid shallow pattern during exercise. This study examined the relationship between cardiac size and tachypnoeic breathing in HF patients during exercise.Methods and resultsThirty‐seven HF patients [age = 55 ± 13 years, ejection fraction (EF) = 27 ± 10%, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class = 2.3 ± 1.2] and 42 controls (CTL) (age = 56 ± 14 years, EF = 63 ± 8%) were recruited. Participants underwent maximal exercise testing, pulmonary function testing, and chest radiography for calculation of total thoracic cavity volume (TTCV), diaphragm, heart, and lung volumes. Heart failure patients were divided into two groups: Group A = cardiac volume < median (n = 18) and Group B = cardiac volume ≥ median of the HF patients (n = 19). There was no difference between groups for TTCV (CTL = 8203 ± 1489 vs. Group A = 8694 ± 1249 vs. Group B = 8195 ± 1823 cm3). Cardiac volume was different between groups for both absolute (CTL = 630 ± 181 vs. Group A = 894 ± 186 vs. Group B = 1401 ± 382 cm3, P< 0.001 for all comparisons) and %TTCV (CTL = 8 ± 2 vs. Group A = 10 ± 1 vs. Group A = 18 ± 5%, P< 0.001 for all comparisons). Similarly, total lung volume as a %TTCV was significantly different among the groups (CTL = 70 ± 4 vs. Group A = 65 ± 5 vs. Group A = 58 ± 7%, P< 0.01 for all comparisons). In HF patients, there was a trend (P = 0.10) towards an independent association between cardiac size and tidal volume (VT) at 75% of VO2 peak whereas this relationship was statistically significant at VO2 peak (P = 0.02) as patients with larger cardiac size had reduced VT.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the close relationship between cardiac size and breathing pattern during exercise in HF patients. These results suggest cardiac size may pose a significant constraint on the lungs during exercise and may contribute to tachypnoeic breathing.
Sea lice dispersion and salmon survival in relation to salmon farm activity in the Broughton Archipelago
Authors: Morton Alexandra , Routledge Rick , McConnell Amy , Krkošek Martin 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Morton, A., Routledge, R., McConnell, A., and Krkošek, M. 2011. Sea lice dispersion and salmon survival in relation to salmon farm activity in the Broughton Archipelago. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 144–156. The risk of salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) transmission to wild juvenile Pacific salmon has spurred management change to reduce lice on salmon farms. We studied the abundance of planktonic lice preceding the juvenile salmon outmigration as well as the abundance of lice on juvenile pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and chum (Oncorhynchus keta) salmon in two distinct migration routes, one containing only fallow farms and the other active farms that applied a parasiticide. Results indicate that fallowing reduces the abundance and flattens the spatial distribution of lice relative to that expected in areas without farms. Active farms remained the primary source of lice, but transmission was reduced 100-fold relative to previous epizootics in the study area. On the migration route containing active farms, ∼50% of the juvenile salmon showed evidence of louse damage to surface tissues and the estimated direct louse-induced mortality was <10%, not including indirect effects of infection on predation risk or competition. The survival of the pink salmon cohort was not statistically different from a reference region without salmon farms. Although repeated use of a single parasiticide can lead to resistance, reducing louse transmission from farmed salmon may help conserve some wild Pacific salmon populations.
First estimates of age, growth, and maturity of boarfish (Capros aper): a species newly exploited in the Northeast Atlantic
Authors: White Emma , Minto Cóilín , Nolan Conor P. , King Erna , Mullins Eugene , Clarke Maurice 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWhite, E., Minto, C., Nolan, C. P., King, E., Mullins, E., and Clarke, M. 2011. First estimates of age, growth, and maturity of boarfish (Capros aper): a species newly exploited in the Northeast Atlantic. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 61–66. Boarfish in the Northeast Atlantic have recently been exploited commercially for fishmeal. It is a sexually dimorphic species with an estimated maximum age of 26 years, late age at maturity (A50 = 5.25 years), relatively fast rate of growth (K = 0.186 year−1), and a small asymptotic length (L∞ = 128.9 mm).
Using a multi-experimental approach to assess the fate of angled-and-released yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi)
Authors: Roberts Lachlan W. , Butcher Paul A. , Broadhurst Matt K. , Cullis Brian R. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Roberts, L. W., Butcher, P. A., Broadhurst, M. K., and Cullis, B. R. 2011. Using a multi-experimental approach to assess the fate of angled-and-released yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi). – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 67–75. Yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) are angled throughout their global distribution and released in large numbers under the unsubstantiated assumption of few impacts. The validity of this supposition was tested for southeastern Australian stocks. In all, 54 fish were angled and released into cages with 36 controls and monitored for 5 d. Of the angled fish, 15% died, mostly as a consequence of gill-hooking and the associated physiological and mechanical damage. A biotelemetry experiment was then performed to determine if cutting the line on gill-hooked fish could improve their post-release fate. The attachment of transmitters was validated in an aquarium experiment before 12 jaw- and 10 gill-hooked fish were tagged, released, and tracked. One gill-hooked fish was detected motionless within 10 min, and another was last detected 7 min after release; both presumed dead. No jaw-hooked fish died within the first 24 h. The remaining fish were last detected between 3 and 49 d after release and, apart from subtle differences in their short-term responses, maintained similar wide-ranging movements and accelerations. The results justify cutting the line on deep-hooked fish to minimize post-release mortality and illustrate the utility of combining confinement and biotelemetry studies to assess the fate of released fish.
Use of selective devices in trawls to support recovery of the Kattegat cod stock: a review of experiments and experience
Authors: Madsen Niels , Valentinsson Daniel 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Madsen, N., and Valentinsson, D. 2010. Use of selective devices in trawls to support recovery of the Kattegat cod stock: a review of experiments and experience. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 2042–2050. The spawning-stock biomass of cod (Gadus morhua) in the Kattegat area is at a historically low level. Throughout the past decade considerable efforts have been devoted to research on improving both species and size selectivity of the trawls used in the mixed demersal fishery in the area, because this provides a valuable management tool for reducing the bycatch of cod and reducing mortality, and thus helping to rebuild the depleted stock. Gear research in the area has been focused on devices that allow for continued exploitation of the Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) and flatfish, but minimizing the bycatch. We review the results of previous and continuing experiments with various codend mesh sizes, mesh configurations, escape windows, sorting grids, sorting frames, and separator panels, but also changes in whole-trawl designs. Based on our review, we compare and discuss the gear-related technical measures and their effectiveness in maintaining a commercial fishery on viable stocks, yet protecting cod. We discuss the results in relation to changes in legislation and experience with implementation of new selective devices in recent years. We also discuss ways to create stronger incentives for fishers to participate in gear research and to increase acceptance of more selective gears.
Molecular Weight of β‐Glucan Affects Physical Characteristics, In Vitro Bile Acid Binding, and Fermentation of Muffins
Authors: Kim Hyun Jung , White Pamela J. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTMuffins containing different amounts and molecular weights (MW) of β‐glucan were evaluated for the effect of β‐glucan on the physical characteristics of the muffins and on in vitro bile acid binding and fermentation with human fecal flora. Wheat flour muffins were prepared with the addition of β‐glucan extracts with high‐, medium‐, or low‐MW. For oat flour muffins, the native oat flour contained high‐MW β‐glucan; the oat flours were treated to create medium‐ and low‐MW β‐glucan within the prepared muffin treatments. For each 60‐g muffin, the amounts of β‐glucan were 0.52, 0.57, and 0.59 g for high‐, medium‐, and low‐MW β‐glucan wheat flour muffins, and 2.38, 2.18, and 2.23 g for high‐, medium‐, and low‐MW β‐glucan oat flour muffins, respectively. The lower the MW of the β‐glucan in muffins, the lower the height and volume of the muffins. The oat flour muffins were less firm and springy than the wheat flour muffins as measured on a texture analyzer; however, MW had no effect on muffin texture. The oat flour muffins bound more bile acid than did the wheat flour muffins. The muffins with high‐MW β‐glucan bound more bile acid than did those with low‐ and medium‐MW β‐glucan. Muffin treatment affected the formation of gas and total short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA) compared with the blank without substrate during in vitro fermentation. There were no differences in pH changes and total gas production among muffin treatments. The high‐MW β‐glucan wheat flour muffins produced greater amounts of SCFA than did the wheat flour muffin without β‐glucan and the oat flour muffins; however, there were no differences in SCFA production among muffins with different MW. In general, the β‐glucan MW affected the physical qualities of muffins and some potential biological functions in humans.
Addiction research centres and the nurturing of creativity. The Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research: social science alcohol and drug research in Denmark
Authors: Pedersen Mads U. , Elmeland Karen , Frank Vibeke A. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTAims  The purpose of this paper is to introduce the social science alcohol and drug research undertaken by the Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research (CRF) and at the same time offer an insight into the development in Danish alcohol and drug research throughout the past 15–20 years.Method  A review of articles, books and reports published by researcher from CRF from the mid‐1990s until today and an analysis of the policy‐making in the Danish substance use and misuse area.Results  CRF is a result of the discussions surrounding social, health and allocation policy questions since the mid‐1980s. Among other things, these discussions led to the formal establishment of the Centre in 1991 under the Aarhus University, the Faculty of Social Science. Since 2001 the Centre has received a permanent basic allocation, which has made it possible to appoint tenured senior researchers; to work under a more long‐term research strategy; to function as a milieu for educating PhD students; and to diversify from commissioned research tasks to initiating projects involving more fundamental research. Research at the Centre is today pivoted around four core areas: consumption, policy, prevention and treatment.Conclusion  The emergence, continuation, financing and character of the research taking place at CRF can be linked closely to the specific Danish drug and alcohol discourse and to the division of the responsibility for alcohol and drug research into separate Ministries.
Risky single‐occasion drinking: bingeing is not bingeing
Authors: Gmel Gerhard , Kuntsche Emmanuel , Rehm Jürgen 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTAims  To review the concept of binge drinking as a measure of risky single occasion drinking (RSOD), to illustrate its differential impact on selected health outcomes and to identify research gaps.Methods  Narrative literature review with focus on conceptual and methodological differences, trajectories of RSOD and effects of RSOD on fetal outcomes, coronary heart disease (CHD) and injuries.Results  Effects ascribed commonly to RSOD may often be the effects of an undifferentiated mixture of risky single occasions and regular heavy volume drinking, constituted by frequent, successive RSOD. This leads to the problem that additional risks due to RSOD are mis‐specified and remain unidentified or underestimated in some cases, such as for injuries or CHD, but are probably overstated for some chronic consequences or for effects of maternal drinking on newborns.Conclusion  A stronger focus should be placed upon methods that can differentiate the effects of RSOD from those due to frequent occasions of heavy drinking that result in heavy volume drinking.
Deferasirox administration for the treatment of non‐transfusional iron overload in patients with thalassaemia intermedia
Authors: Ladis Vassilis , Berdousi Helen , Gotsis Efstathios , Kattamis Antonis 
Published: October 2010

SummaryAbnormal iron regulation in patients with thalassaemia intermedia may lead to iron overload even in the absence of transfusions. There are limited data on iron chelator use in patients with thalassaemia intermedia and no guidelines exist for the management of iron overload. We present data from 11 patients with thalassaemia intermedia treated with deferasirox (Exjade®, 10–20 mg/kg/d) for 24 months. Liver iron concentration and serum ferritin levels significantly decreased over the first 12 months (P = 0·005) and continued to decrease over the remainder of the study (P = 0·005). This small‐scale study indicated that deferasirox may be suitable for controlling iron levels in patients with thalassaemia intermedia.
Autologous 111In‐labelled platelet sequestration studies in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) prior to splenectomy: a report from the United Kingdom ITP Registry
Authors: Sarpatwari Ameet , Provan Drew , Erqou Sebhat , Sobnack Ravin , David Tai Foong Way , Newland Adrian C. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryWhile splenectomy is an effective therapy for primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), possible complications and observed non‐complete response (CR) in one‐third of patients demonstrate the need for further research into potential pre‐surgical predictors of outcomes. Past investigations into platelet sequestration studies, a hypothesized predictive test, have adopted heterogeneous methods and varied widely with regard to power. By studying patients with primary ITP who underwent autologous 111In‐labelled platelet sequestration studies at Barts and The London NHS Trust between 1994 and 2008, we evaluated the effectiveness of sequestration site in predicting short, medium, and long‐term CR (platelet count >100 × 109/l) to splenectomy through multivariate (gender, age at splenectomy, and mean platelet lifespan) logistic regression modelling. In total, 256 patients with primary ITP underwent scans; 91 (35·5%) proceeded to splenectomy. Logistic regression revealed significant adjusted odds ratios for CR of 7·47 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1·89–29·43) at 1–3 months post‐splenectomy, 4·85 (95% CI, 1·04–22·54) at 6–12 months post‐splenectomy, and 5·39 (95% CI, 1·34–21·65) at last follow‐up (median: 3·8 years [range: 0·5–13·1 years]) in patients with purely or predominantly splenic versus mixed or hepatic sequestration. These findings demonstrate the utility of autologous 111In‐labelled platelet sequestration studies as an adjunct predictive instrument prior to splenectomy.
Local adaptations of life‐history traits of a Drosophila parasitoid, Leptopilina boulardi: does climate drive evolution?
Authors: MOIROUX JOFFREY , LANN CÉCILE LE , SEYAHOOEI MAJEED A. , VERNON PHILIPPE , PIERRE JEAN‐SÉBASTIEN , VAN BAAREN JOAN , VAN ALPHEN JACQUES J. M. 
Published: October 2010

1. Climate is an important source of selection on life histories, and local adaptations to climate have been described in several cline studies. Temperature is the main climatic factor that has been considered as an agent of selection, whereas other factors may vary with it, such as precipitation.2. We compared life‐history traits of five populations of Leptopilina boulardi, a Drosophila parasitoid, originating from contrasting climates. Referring to cline studies, we hypothesised shorter lifespan, earlier reproduction, and lower lipid content in populations from the hottest and driest areas if life histories have been selected in response to temperature and/or humidity.3. Our results are opposite to these predictions. Females from humid and mild climates invested more in early reproduction and lived for fewer days than females from dry and hot areas, which were synovigenic (i.e. they matured additional eggs during adult life) and able to synthesise lipids during adult life.4. We suggest that life histories are more adapted to host distribution than to climatic factors. Drosophila patches are more abundant in the humid area, allowing the parasitoids to spend less energy and time finding hosts. This may result in selection for early reproduction traded‐off against longevity. In the hot and dry climate, females have to fly large distances to find host patches. Synovigeny, a long lifespan, lipogenesis, and high dispersal ability may be adaptive there. This is the first time that between‐population differences in the ability to synthesise lipids have been described in parasitoids.
The use of oviposition‐induced plant cues by Trichogramma egg parasitoids
Authors: PASHALIDOU FOTEINI G. , HUIGENS MARTINUS E. , DICKE MARCEL , FATOUROS NINA E. 
Published: October 2010

1. Female parasitoids have evolved various foraging strategies in order to find suitable hosts. Egg parasitoids have been shown to exploit plant cues induced by the deposition of host eggs.2. The tiny wasp Trichogramma brassicae uses oviposition‐induced cues from Brussels sprouts to locate eggs of the cabbage white butterflies Pieris brassicae and Pieris rapae that differ in their egg‐laying behaviour. These plant cues are elicited by male‐derived anti‐aphrodisiac pheromones in the accessory reproductive gland (ARG) secretions of mated female butterflies. However, the closely related generalist species Trichogramma evanescens does not respond to Brussels sprout cues induced by the deposition of P. brassicae egg clutches.3. Here we showed in two‐choice bioassays that T. evanescens wasps respond to Brussels sprout cues induced by (i) the deposition of single eggs by P. rapae, and (ii) the application of ARG secretions from either mated P. rapae females, or from virgin female butterflies in combination with P. rapae's anti‐aphrodisiac compound indole. The wasps only associatively learned to respond to Brussels sprout cues after applying indole alone by linking those cues with the presence of P. rapae eggs.4. Our results indicate that Trichogramma wasps more commonly exploit oviposition‐induced plant cues to locate their host eggs. Generalist wasps show less specificity in their response than specialists and employ associative learning.