bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood Urinary Tract Infections as a Cause of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Salo Jarmo , Ikäheimo Risto , Tapiainen Terhi , Uhari Matti 
Published: October 2011

OBJECTIVE:
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in childhood are considered a risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD), but this association is poorly verified. We wanted to determine the etiologic fraction of UTIs in childhood as a cause of CKD.

METHODS:
A systematic literature search on the association between childhood UTIs and CKD was conducted, and data for patients with CKD in the area of 1 tertiary care hospital were reviewed.

RESULTS:
In our literature search, we found no patients among the 1576 reviewed cases for whom childhood UTIs were the main cause of subsequent CKD. However, there were 3 patients with childhood UTIs for whom the results of kidney imaging studies were not reported. Of the 366 patients with CKD who were monitored in the Oulu University Hospital, 308 had a specific noninfectious cause of CKD. Of the remaining 58 patients, 13 had a history of UTIs in childhood. In their first imaging studies, all of those 13 patients demonstrated kidney tissue abnormalities, which could have been observed through ultrasonography. Recurrent UTIs in childhood were possibly the cause of CKD in 1 case; therefore, the etiologic fraction of recurrent childhood UTIs as a main cause of CKD was, at most, 0.3%.

CONCLUSIONS:
In the absence of structural kidney abnormalities evident in imaging studies after the first childhood UTI, the etiologic fraction of recurrent childhood UTIs as a main cause of CKD seems to be small. A child with normal kidneys is not at significant risk of developing CKD because of UTIs.
MRP, tree properties and square principles
Authors: Strullu Remi 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe show that MRP + MA implies that ITP(λ,ω2) holds for all cardinal λ ≥ ω2. This generalizes a result by Weiβ who showed that PFA implies that ITP(λ, ω2) holds for all cardinal λ ≥ ω2. Consequently any of the known methods to prove MRP + MA consistent relative to some large cardinal hypothesis requires the existence of a strongly compact cardinal. Moreover if one wants to force MRP + MA with a proper forcing, it requires at least a supercompact cardinal. We also study the relationship between MRP and some weak versions of square. We show that MRP implies the failure of □(λ, ω) for all λ ≥ ω2 and we give a direct proof that MRP + MA implies the failure of □(λ, ω1) for all λ ≥ ω2.
Molecular Identification of Mating Type Genes in Asexually Reproducing Fusarium Oxysporum and F. Culmorum
Authors: Irzykowska Lidia , Kosiada Tomasz 
Published: October 2011

Molecular Identification of Mating Type Genes in Asexually ReproducingFusarium OxysporumandF. CulmorumSexually (homothallic and heterothallic) and asexually reproducing species belong to theFusariumgenus. So far, there is no known sexual stage of theF. oxysporumSchlechtend.: Fr. andF. culmorum(W.G. Smith) Sacc. Knowing the reproduction mode is important for the design of successful control strategies, since they are different for clonally and sexually reproducing organisms. In examined sets of asexualF. oxysporumandF. culmorumisolates, the DNA sequences of mating type genes (idiomorphsMAT-1andMAT-2) were identified.MAT-1sequence was detected for 33 and 40% ofF. oxysporumandF. culmorumisolates, respectively. For the remaining isolates a sequence specific forMAT-2was amplified.
Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) of Wielkopolska province with comments on rare species
Authors: Kubasik Wojciech 
Published: October 2011

Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) of Wielkopolska province with comments on rare species
The research was conducted between 1999 and 2002 in an orchard environment in the Poznań area. Faunistic data on two species of Tortricidae new to the Polish fauna (Eucosma scorzonerana and Epiblema inulivora) and 23 rare ones, new to Wielkopolska province, are given.
Revision of the Neotropical genus Tsinilla Heinrich (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Razowski Józef , BECKER Vitor 
Published: October 2011

Revision of the Neotropical genus Tsinilla Heinrich (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Neotropical species of Tsinilla known to date are listed, and 14 species are discussed, five of which (T. basirufa sp. n., T. merana sp. n., T. rhopos sp. n., T. kilastra sp. n., T. roseonigra sp. n.) are described as new. Argyroploce impolita Meyrick and Olethreutes isopercna Meyrick are transferred to Tsinilla.
Taxonomic notes on the genus Gymnomus Loew, with a description of a new species from Morocco (Diptera: Heleomyzidae)
Authors: Woźnica Andrzej 
Published: October 2011

Taxonomic notes on the genus Gymnomus Loew, with a description of a new species from Morocco (Diptera: Heleomyzidae)
A new species, Gymnomus atlasicus sp. n. from the Atlas Mts. in Morocco is described and illustrated. The female holotype of Gymnomus ventricosus (Becker, 1907) from Tibet is examined and redescribed. A key for the determination of all 20 species recorded in the Palaearctic Region is presented. The genus Gymnomus from North Africa is reported for the first time.
Spatio‐temporal variation in large herbivore pressure in Norway during 1949‐1999: has decreased grazing by livestock been countered by increased browsing by cervids?
Authors: Austrheim Gunnar , Solberg Erling J. , Mysterud Atle 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDuring recent decades, rough livestock grazing has decreased markedly on unimproved land (i.e. natural and semi‐natural habitats) across most of Europe, whilst the number of wild cervids has increased. However, we still know little about the overall changes in the herbivore pressure and how herbivore regimes vary between biogeographic regions. We have quantified the spatio‐temporal variation in herbivore pressure indirectly by estimating the metabolic biomass of large herbivores in mountain, coastal and inland municipalities of Norway every 10th year during 1949‐1999. We quantified how much livestock biomass has decreased, whether this corresponded to increasing cervid biomass, and whether the proportion of grazing relative to browsing has changed within the herbivore community. Total metabolic biomass of livestock and cervids (MBAtotal) decreased from 126 kg/km2 in 1949 to 107 kg/km2 in 1999 (∼85% of MBAtotal in 1949). Changes differed markedly between regions. Herbivore pressure in the coastal region nearly halved from 1949 to 1999, while the decrease was minor in the inland and mountain regions. Livestock grazing more than halved, whereas the metabolic biomass of cervids increased by 276% from 1949 to 1999. Cervids dominated the community of large herbivores on unimproved land in Norway in 1999 (54% of MBAtotal). Livestock dominated in the mountain (52% of MBAtotal) and in the coastal region (54% of MBAtotal) in 1999, while cervids dominated in the inland region (67% of MBAtotal). Most herbivore foraging consisted of grazing in 1949 (89% at a national scale). This proportion was reduced to 54% by 1999. Percent browsing was especially high (> 90%) in several municipalities in southeastern Norway in 1999. The increase of wild cervids is exceptional in a historical perspective, and managers have to adapt to wild cervids being the major ecosystem engineers in many landscapes.
Vγ4 γδ T Cell-Derived IL-17A Negatively Regulates NKT Cell Function in Con A-Induced Fulminant Hepatitis
Authors: Zhao Na , Hao Jianlei , Ni Yuanyuan , Luo Wei , Liang Ruifang , Cao Guangchao , Zhao Yapu , Wang Puyue , Zhao Liqing , Tian Zhigang , Flavell Richard , Hong Zhangyong , Han Jihong , Yao Zhi , Wu Zhenzhou , Yin Zhinan 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Con A-induced fulminant hepatitis is a well-known animal model for acute liver failure. However, the role of γδ T cells in this model is undefined. In this report, using TCR δ−/− mice, we demonstrated a protective role of γδ T cells in Con A-induced hepatitis model. TCR δ−/− mice showed significantly decreased levels of IL-17A and IL-17F in the Con A-treated liver tissue, and reconstitution of TCR δ−/− mice with wild-type (Wt), but not IL-17A−/−, γδ T cells significantly reduced hepatitis, strongly suggesting a critical role of IL-17A in mediating the protective effect of γδ T cells. Interestingly, only Vγ4, but not Vγ1, γδ T cells exerted such a protective effect. Furthermore, depletion of NKT cells in TCR δ−/− mice completely abolished hepatitis, and NKT cells from Con A-challenged liver tissues of TCR δ−/− mice expressed significantly higher amounts of proinflammatory cytokine IFN-γ than those from Wt mice, indicating that γδ T cells protected hepatitis through targeting NKT cells. Finally, abnormal capacity of IFN-γ production by NKT cells of TCR δ−/− mice could only be downregulated by transferring Wt, but not IL-17−/−, Vγ4 γδ T cells, confirming an essential role of Vγ4-derived IL-17A in regulating the function of NKT cells. In summary, our report thus demonstrated a novel function of Vγ4 γδ T cells in mediating a protective effect against Con A-induced fulminant hepatitis through negatively regulating function of NKT cells in an IL-17A–dependent manner, and transferring Vγ4 γδ T cells may provide a novel therapeutic approach for this devastating liver disease.
Pathogen-Induced Inflammatory Environment Controls Effector and Memory CD8+ T Cell Differentiation
Authors: Obar Joshua J. , Jellison Evan R. , Sheridan Brian S. , Blair David A. , Pham Quynh-Mai , Zickovich Julianne M. , Lefrançois Leo 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
In response to infection, CD8+ T cells integrate multiple signals and undergo an exponential increase in cell numbers. Simultaneously, a dynamic differentiation process occurs, resulting in the formation of short-lived effector cells (SLECs; CD127lowKLRG1high) and memory precursor effector cells (CD127highKLRG1low) from an early effector cell that is CD127lowKLRG1low in phenotype. CD8+ T cell differentiation during vesicular stomatitis virus infection differed significantly than during Listeria monocytogenes infection with a substantial reduction in early effector cell differentiation into SLECs. SLEC generation was dependent on Ebi3 expression. Furthermore, SLEC differentiation during vesicular stomatitis virus infection was enhanced by administration of CpG-DNA, through an IL-12–dependent mechanism. Moreover, CpG-DNA treatment enhanced effector CD8+ T cell functionality and memory subset distribution, but in an IL-12–independent manner. Population dynamics were dramatically different during secondary CD8+ T cell responses, with a much greater accumulation of SLECs and the appearance of a significant number of CD127highKLRG1high memory cells, both of which were intrinsic to the memory CD8+ T cell. These subsets persisted for several months but were less effective in recall than memory precursor effector cells. Thus, our data shed light on how varying the context of T cell priming alters downstream effector and memory CD8+ T cell differentiation.
Control strategies for flexible operation of power plant with CO2 capture plant
Authors: Lin Yu‐Jeng , Wong David Shan‐Hill , Jang Shi‐Shang , Ou Jenq‐Jang 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAbout 20% power output penalties will be incurred for implementing CO2 capture from power plant. This loss can be partially compensated by flexible operation of capture plant. However, daily large variations of liquid and gas flows may cause operation problems to packed columns. Control schemes were proposed to improve the flexibility of power output without causing substantial hydraulic disturbances in capture plant is presented. Simulations were implemented using ASPEN Plus. In varying lean solvent flow strategy, the flow rate of recycling solvent was manipulated to control the CO2 capture rate. The liquid flow of the absorber and gas flow of the stripper will vary substantially. In an alternative strategy, the lean solvent loading will be varied. Variation of gas throughput in the stripper is avoided by recycling part of CO2 vapor to stripper. This strategy provided more stable hydraulics condition in both columns and is recommended for flexible operation. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Mechanical, thermal, and water uptake characteristics of woodflour‐filled polyvinyl chloride/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene blends
Authors: Rimdusit Sarawut , Atthakorn Dolhathai , Damrongsakkul Siriporn , Saramas Duangporn , Tiptipakorn Sunan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWoodflour‐filled composites based on polymeric blends of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and super high‐impact grade ABS were developed. Mechanical, thermal, and water uptake characteristics of the PVC/ABS matrix and their wood composites were evaluated. In the case of PVC/ABS matrix, the blend at a mass ratio of 50/50 rendered the impact strength with a very high value of up to 65 kJ/m2, noticeably higher than those of the parent resins, that is, 6 kJ/m2 of PVC and 35 kJ/m2 of ABS. Dynamic mechanical analysis thermograms showed two distinct glass transition temperatures (Tgs) that shifted toward each other indicating partial miscibility of the blends. Water absorption of the blends after 24 h immersion was low, that is, within the range of 0.04–0.2 wt % and exhibits a behavior closed to pseudo‐Fickian type. The obtained PVC/ABS wood composites exhibited an increase of flexural modulus as well as Tgs with an increase of woodflour content. Finally, impact strength of the PVC/ABS composites was significantly higher than those of PVC composites or polyethylene composites comparing at the same woodflour content. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
New developments on the functions of coenzyme Q in mitochondria
Authors: Genova Maria Luisa , Lenaz Giorgio 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe notion of a mobile pool of coenzyme Q (CoQ) in the lipid bilayer has changed with the discovery of respiratory supramolecular units, in particular the supercomplex comprising complexes I and III; in this model, the electron transfer is thought to be mediated by tunneling or microdiffusion, with a clear kinetic advantage on the transfer based on random collisions. The CoQ pool, however, has a fundamental function in establishing a dissociation equilibrium with bound quinone, besides being required for electron transfer from other dehydrogenases to complex III. The mechanism of CoQ reduction by complex I is analyzed regarding recent developments on the crystallographic structure of the enzyme, also in relation to the capacity of complex I to generate superoxide. Although the mechanism of the Q‐cycle is well established for complex III, involvement of CoQ in proton translocation by complex I is still debated. Some additional roles of CoQ are also examined, such as the antioxidant effect of its reduced form and the capacity to bind the permeability transition pore and the mitochondrial uncoupling proteins. Finally, a working hypothesis is advanced on the establishment of a vicious circle of oxidative stress and supercomplex disorganization in pathological states, as in neurodegeneration and cancer.
Prevalence and predictors of interval colorectal cancers in Medicare beneficiaries
Authors: Cooper Gregory S. , Xu Fang , Barnholtz Sloan Jill S. , Schluchter Mark D. , Koroukian Siran M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:After a colonoscopy that is negative for cancer, a subset of patients may be diagnosed with colorectal cancer, also termed interval cancer. The frequency and predictors have not been well studied in a population‐based US cohort.METHODS:The authors used the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare database to identify 57,839 patients aged ≥69 years who were diagnosed with colorectal cancer between 1994 and 2005 and who underwent colonoscopy within 6 months of cancer diagnosis. Colonoscopy performed between 6 and 36 months before cancer diagnosis was a proxy for interval cancer.RESULTS:By using the case definition, 7.2% of patients developed interval cancers. Factors that were associated with interval cancers included proximal tumor location (distal colon: multivariable odds ratio [OR], 0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.390‐0.46; rectum: OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.42‐0.53), increased comorbidity (OR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.68 2.14 for ≥3 comorbidities), a previous diagnosis of diverticulosis (OR, 6.00; 95% CI, 5.57‐6.46), and prior polypectomy (OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.62‐1.87). Risk factors at the endoscopist level included a lower polypectomy rate (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.63‐0.78 for the highest quartile), higher colonoscopy volume (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.13‐1.43), and specialty other than gastroenterology (colorectal surgery: OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.16‐1.83; general surgery: OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.24‐1.62; internal medicine: OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.17‐1.63; family practice: OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.00‐1.35).CONCLUSIONS:A significant proportion of patients developed interval colorectal cancer, particularly in the proximal colon. Contributing factors likely included both procedural and biologic factors, emphasizing the importance of meticulous examination of the mucosa. Cancer 2012;118: 3044–52. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
The data‐driven approach as an operational real‐time flood forecasting model
Authors: Khac‐Tien Nguyen Phuoc , Hock‐Chye Chua Lloyd 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAccurate water level forecasts are essential for flood warning. This study adopts a data‐driven approach based on the adaptive network–based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to forecast the daily water levels of the Lower Mekong River at Pakse, Lao People's Democratic Republic. ANFIS is a hybrid system combining fuzzy inference system and artificial neural networks. Five ANFIS models were developed to provide water level forecasts from 1 to 5 days ahead, respectively. The results show that although ANFIS forecasts of water levels up to three lead days satisfied the benchmark, four‐ and five‐lead‐day forecasts were only slightly better in performance compared with the currently adopted operational model. This limitation is imposed by the auto‐ and cross‐correlations of the water level time series. Output updating procedures based on the autoregressive (AR) and recursive AR (RAR) models were used to enhance ANFIS model outputs. The RAR model performed better than the AR model. In addition, a partial recursive procedure that reduced the number of recursive steps when applying the AR or the RAR model for multi‐step‐ahead error prediction was superior to the fully recursive procedure. The RAR‐based partial recursive updating procedure significantly improved three‐, four‐ and five‐lead‐day forecasts. Our study further shows that for long lead times, ANFIS model errors are dominated by lag time errors. Although the ANFIS model with the RAR‐based partial recursive updating procedure provided the best results, this method was able to reduce the lag time errors significantly for the falling limbs only. Improvements for the rising limbs were modest. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Basal cell carcinoma and anthropometric factors in the U.S. radiologic technologists cohort study
Authors: Gerstenblith Meg R. , Rajaraman Preetha , Khaykin Elizabeth , Doody Michele M. , Alexander Bruce H. , Linet Martha S. , Freedman D. Michal 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common cancer in Caucasian populations. Although several risk factors are well‐established, including ultraviolet radiation (UVR) sensitivity and exposure, few studies have examined anthropometric measures and BCC. Using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, we prospectively investigated the relationship between height, weight and body mass index (BMI) and BCC in 58,213 Caucasian participants (11,631 men and 46,582 women) from the United States Radiological Technologists cohort. This analysis was limited to participants who were cancer‐free at baseline. The baseline questionnaire provided self‐reported anthropometric factors and the subsequent questionnaire collected skin cancer susceptibility factors, lifetime UVR exposure derived from residential and personal UVR exposure (time outdoors) and health outcomes. During 509,465 person‐years of follow‐up, we identified 2,291 BCC cases (486 men; 1,805 women). BCC risk increased with increasing height, and decreased with increasing weight and BMI in both sexes, even after adjusting for UVR susceptibility factors and exposures. For BMI categories: <25 (reference); 25–<30; 30–<35 and ≥35 kg m−2, multivariate hazard ratios (HR) in women were: 1.00; 0.74 (95% CI = 0.66–0.83); 0.67 (0.56–0.81) and 0.57 (0.44–0.74), respectively, p‐trend ≤0.0001. Risks were similar in men. The inverse association between BMI and BCC was unaffected by controlling for sun‐related exposures. Nevertheless, it may at least partly reflect residual UVR confounding. Further research with more detailed sun exposure data, including clothing patterns, would help clarify the relationship between BMI and BCC.
Women empower women: volunteers and their clients in community service
Authors: Kulik Liat , Megidna Hofit 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe study is aimed at examining the relationship between psychological empowerment of women volunteers and their clients in community volunteer projects in Israel. Based on an ecological approach, the study also aimed at examining whether the variables that explain empowerment of women who volunteer also explain empowerment of their clients. The sample included 148 women, who were divided into 74 volunteer‐client pairs. Psychological empowerment of volunteers did not correlate significantly with psychological empowerment of clients. However, the volunteer women's motives for volunteering and the quality of the volunteer–client interaction correlated positively with psychological empowerment of the clients. Empowerment of volunteers was explained primarily by social motives, by the quality of interactions with their clients, and by the quality of the volunteer's interaction with the coordinator of volunteer activity. In light of the findings, practical recommendations are offered for empowering women volunteers and their clients in community settings. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Green synthesis of fused pyrimido derivatives in aqueous medium
Authors: Kidwai Mazaahir , Singhal Kavita 
Published: October 2011

Abstractmagnified imageThe synthesis of nitrogen containing heterocycles from arylidene barbituric acid and various ammonia derivatives such as phenylhydrazine hydrochloride, hydroxylamine hydrochloride and aminoguanidine hydrochloride via a simple and efficient cyclocondensation in an alkaline aqueous medium is described. This improved greener synthetic methodology provides a convenient direct approach using water as a green solvent and potassium carbonate (K2CO3) as a green base for the synthesis of pyrazolopyrimidines, isoxazolopyrimidines and pyrimidopyrimidines in excellent yields.