bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidative metabolism‐related changes during germination of mono maple (Acer mono Maxim.) seeds under seasonal frozen soil
Authors: Qin Jihong , Liu Qing 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe influence of seasonal frozen soil and buried depth on germination of mono maple (Acer mono Maxim.) seeds was studied in field conditions in winter in a sub‐alpine region. Mono maple seeds almost lost their ability to germinate in non‐freezing soil, while seasonal frozen soil treatments facilitated the germination accompanied with a progressive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The result indicates that ROS may act as a positive signal for seed dormancy. However, exceeding accumulation of ROS led to decrease in germination rate. We suggest that the shift from a signaling to a deleterious role may be related to the accumulation of these ROS above a threshold level that leads to various cellular alterations and damage. The enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes appear to be more closely related to freezing tolerance, because of their ability to scavenge ROS to avoid deleterious events. Seasonal frozen soil was beneficial in accelerating the germination of mono maple seeds. However, a slight increase of freezing temperature may have also facilitated the germination of mono maple seeds by enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes. Hence, moderate winter warming may be beneficial to mono maple regeneration due to the improvement of seed germination, but the disappearance of seasonal frozen soil may lead to germination failure of the mono maple seeds.
Economic growth and suicide rate changes: A case in China from 1982 to 2005
Authors: Zhang J. , Ma J. , Jia C. , Sun J. , Guo X. , Xu A. , Li W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectivesIt is to estimate the trend of suicide rate changes during the past three decades in China and try to identify its social and economic correlates.MethodsOfficial data of suicide rates and economic indexes during 1982–2005 from Shandong Province of China were analyzed. The suicide data were categorized for the rural / urban location and gender, and the economic indexes include GDP, GDP per capita, rural income, and urban income, all adjusted for inflation.ResultsWe found a significant increase of economic development and decrease of suicide rates over the past decades under study. The suicide rate decrease is correlated with the tremendous growth of economy.ConclusionThe unusual decrease of Chinese suicide rates in the past decades is accounted for within the Chinese cultural contexts and maybe by the Strain Theory of Suicide.
Gender differences in patient and caregiver psychoeducation for schizophrenia
Authors: Reichhart T. , Pitschel-Walz G. , Kissling W. , Bäuml J. , Schuster T. , Rummel-Kluge C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjective:The aim of this research is to detect gender-related differences in patients and caregivers regarding knowledge about schizophrenia and attitudes towards drugs as well as gender as predictor for changes in these variables during psychoeducation.Methods:Data sets of one randomised-controlled (study 1) and one naturalistic psychoeducation study (study 2) were reanalysed. Main outcome measures (knowledge about schizophrenia, drug attitude, confidence in medication) were assessed at baseline, post-intervention and 12 months after index discharge.Results:The reanalysed samples consisted in total of 1002 patients and 176 caregivers. In study 2, baseline knowledge was significantly better in male patients and female caregivers. All participants improved significantly their knowledge. The amount of knowledge gain did not differ between genders in either study or either group. Gender was not a major predictor of baseline knowledge or knowledge gain. Only in study 1 did gender significantly impact the knowledge gain from baseline to follow-up. Regarding improvement of drug attitude, females seemed to benefit significantly better from psychoeducation. In both studies, however, changes in drug attitudes respectively confidence in medication were best explained by lower corresponding baseline scores, not gender. Patients’ gender did not influence outcomes of their caregivers.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that psychoeducational programs might be better adapted to males in order to improve their drug attitude. Concerning knowledge, gender-related changes do not seem to be necessary.
Impact of psychotic features on morbidity and course of illness in patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Özyıldırım İ. , Çakır S. , Yazıcı O. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectiveIn this study, we aimed to compare the clinical features and response patterns to the long-term prophylaxis of bipolar patients with or without psychotic features.MethodThe life charts of patients with bipolar I disorder were evaluated. Two hundred and eighty-one patients who suffer with bipolar disorder for at least 4 years and who had at least three mood episodes were included to the study. The patients whose all episodes are psychotic (psychotic group) and the patients who never experienced psychotic episode (non-psychotic group) were assigned as comparison groups. The clinical features and the response to long-term prophylaxis were compared across the groups.ResultsThe psychotic group consists of 43 patients; non-psychotic group consists of 54 patients. The history of bipolar disorder among the first-degree relatives was remarkably more prevalent in non-psychotic group (p = 0.032). The predominance of manic/hypomanic episodes was significantly higher in psychotic group than non-psychotic group; and the rate of depressive episodes were higher in non-psychotic group than psychotic group (p = 0.013). Episodes were more severe (p < 0.001) and hospitalization rates were higher (p = 0.023) in psychotic group. The response to lithium monotherapy was better in non-psychotic group (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe well identified psychotic subtype of bipolar patients may give important predictions about long term course and prophylaxis of bipolar disorder.
Establishing remission and good clinical functioning in schizophrenia: Predictors of best outcome with long-term risperidone long-acting injectable treatment
Authors: Lambert M. , De Marinis T. , Pfeil J. , Naber D. , Schreiner A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo measure symptomatic and functional remission in patients treated with risperidone long-acting injectable (RLAI).MethodsStable patients with psychotic disorders requiring medication change were switched to open-label RLAI in the switch to risperidone microspheres (StoRMi) trial. In this post-hoc analysis of the trial extension, follow-up was ≤18 months. Symptomatic remission was based on improvement in positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) scores and global remission (best outcome) was based on symptomatic remission, functional level, and mental-health quality of life. Predictive factors were evaluated.ResultsAmong 529 patients from seven European countries, mean participation duration was 358.7 ± 232.4 days, with 18 months completed by 39.9% of patients. Symptomatic remission lasting ≥6 months occurred at some point during treatment in 33% of patients; predictors included comorbid disease, country, baseline symptom severity, baseline functioning, type of antipsychotic before switching, and duration of untreated psychosis. Best outcome occurred in 21% of patients; predictors included baseline symptom severity, baseline functioning, country, schizophrenia type, and early positive treatment course.ConclusionsOne in three patients with stable schizophrenia switching to RLAI experienced symptomatic remission, with combined symptomatic, functional, and quality-of-life remission in one in five patients. Symptomatic remission was predicted by better baseline symptom severity and country of origin, with a significantly greater likelihood of remission occurring among patients in Estonia/Slovenia compared with Portugal. Relapse was predicted by higher mode doses of RLAI, additional use of psychoactive medications, male gender, and country of origin, with relapse occurring most frequently in France and least frequently in Portugal. RLAI dose, additional use of psychoactive medications, and country of origin predicted best outcome, with best outcome occurring most frequently in Estonia/Slovenia and least frequently in Portugal.
Morningness-eveningness preference and sensation seeking
Authors: Tonetti L. , Adan A. , Caci H. , De Pascalis V. , Fabbri M. , Natale V. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the relationship between circadian preference and sensation seeking. To this aim 1041 university students (408 males and 633 females), ranging in age between 18 and 30 years, filled the reduced version of the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQr) and the Sensation Seeking Scale-Form V (SSS-V). Males scored higher than females in SSS-V total score and all subscales, except experience seeking (ES). As regards circadian preference, evening types scored higher than morning types in SSS-V total score and all subscales, except boredom susceptibility (BS) where they significantly differed only from intermediate types. On the whole our results highlight a significant relationship between circadian preference and sensation seeking.
Aberrations of ERBB2 and TOP2A genes in breast cancer
Authors: Nielsen Kirsten Vang , Müller Sven , Møller Susanne , Schønau Andreas , Balslev Eva , Knoop Ann S. , Ejlertsen Bent 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCopy number changes in TOP2A have frequently been linked to ERBB2 (HER2) amplified breast cancers. To study this relationship, copy number changes of ERBB2 and TOP2A were investigated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in two cell lines; one characterized by having amplification of both genes and the other by having amplification of ERBB2 and deletion of TOP2A. The characteristics are compared to findings on paired ERBB2 and TOP2A data from 649 patients with invasive breast cancer from a previously published biomarker study. The physical localization of FISH signals in metaphase spreads from cell lines showed that simultaneous amplification is not a simple co‐amplification of a whole amplicon containing both genes. Most gene signals are translocated to abnormal marker chromosomes. ERBB2 genes but not TOP2A genes are present in tandem amplicons, leading to a higher ERBB2 ratio. This observation was confirmed by patient FISH data: among 276 (43% of all patients) abnormal tumors, 67% had different ERBB2 and TOP2A status. ERBB2 amplification with normal TOP2A status was found in 36% of the abnormal tumors (15% of all patients). Simultaneous amplification of both genes was found in 28% of the abnormal tumors (12% of all patients) while TOP2A deletion and ERBB2 amplification was observed in 16% of the abnormal cases (8% of all patients). A small number of tumors had TOP2A amplification (4%) or deletion (6%) without simultaneous changes of the ERBB2 gene. ERBB2 deletion was also observed (5%) but only in tumors with simultaneous TOP2A deletion. The average gene/reference ratio was significantly different: 5.0 for TOP2A but 7.2 for ERBB2 in the amplified tumors (P<0.01). Amplification of the two genes may be caused by different mechanisms, leading to higher level of amplification for ERBB2 compared to TOP2A. In the majority of breast cancer patients, simultaneous aberration of ERBB2 and TOP2A is not explained by simple co‐amplification.
“Ottoman Street” in America: Turkish Leatherworkers in Peabody, Massachusetts
Authors: Acehan Işil 
Published: November 2009

SummaryThis article examines the role of “Turkish” leatherworkers in New England’s labor movement in the early twentieth century. It begins with the exodus of a large Ottoman population from eastern Anatolian provinces to eastern Massachusetts, and their employment in New England’s leather factories. Throughout the article, the rise of the leather business in eastern Massachusetts cities (including Peabody and Salem), the Turkish immigrants’ concentration on Peabody’s Walnut Street (which came to be called “Ottoman Street”), the importance of kin and friends in providing practical information vital for adjusting to the new environment, and the coffee house as a response to industrial conditions are discussed at length. The author argues that, although many of the Turkish leatherworkers originated from rural backgrounds and had no experience in unionizing and striking, their quick adjustment to the industrial city and their growing awareness of labor rights was a result of lectures given within the Turkish community, changing circumstances in the old country and in the United States, such as the Balkan Wars and World War I, and their unchallenged place in the tanneries of Peabody, MA.
Working in a Fez Factory in Istanbul in the Late Nineteenth Century: Division of Labour and Networks of Migration Formed along Ethno-Religious Lines
Authors: Erdem Kabadayı Mustafa 
Published: November 2009

SummaryIn terms of production volume, most Ottoman state factories cannot be regarded as success stories, yet the labour relations they initiated, engendered, and supervised were important for the emergence of factory labour in the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish republic. One of those state factories was the Imperial Fez Factory, where, throughout the nineteenth century, approximately 500 workers were employed, making it the second highest concentration of industrial workers in the empire after the Imperial Arsenal. Very recently, a limited number of wage ledgers for the fez factory became available for research. Those ledgers provide unprecedented information not only on remuneration but also on the production process and labour-control practices in the fez factory. Those ledgers enable us, for the first time, to formulate research questions within the framework of a broad labour history, in particular for the Ottoman factory workforce in the late nineteenth century. This article examines the effects of the ethno-religious characteristics and gender of Ottoman factory labourers on employment practices and wage-earning at the fez factory.
The “Spring Rise” in the Nematode Egg-Count of Sheep
Authors: Spedding C. R. W. , Brown T. H. 
Published: November 2009

1. Observations carried out on four groups of sheep during the spring of 1954 are described.2. A spring-rise in the worm-egg output was found to occur in all the groups studied.3. The management of the animals precluded rcinfestation during the spring and, in two instances, from 8th January and 22nd, respectively.4. Time of lambing and nutritional level appeared to influence the onset and magnitude of the spring increase.
On the Control of the Root Knot Eelworm, Heterodera radicicola Müll
Authors: Miles Herbert W. , Turner W. H. 
Published: November 2009

The Root Knot disease of tomatoes and cucumbers, caused by the attacks of Heterodera radicicola Müll., is of widespread occurrence and under certain conditions, notably in the presence of fungi, may cause serious losses. Under some conditions considerable infestation may be present and yet produce no apparent ill-effects on the plants.Experiments having indicated that sodium cyanide was beneficial in reducing the amount of eelworm infestation and pot trials having suggested that calcium cyanide might also prove effective, trials with calcium cyanide were carried out at various centres in 1926 and 1927.
Multiple voices and modern phonology
Authors: Shaw Philip 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTReview of McCully, Chris. 2009. The Sound Structure of English: An
Introduction (Cambridge Introductions to the English Language) 264.
pp Hardback 978 0 521 85036 0, UK £45, US $90; Paperback 978 0 521
61549 5, UK £15.99, US $32.99; Adobe eBook Reader 978 0 511 51258 2,
$26
XVII. Remarks on certain Sculptures in the Cave Temples of Ellora
Authors: Tod James 
Published: November 2009

It being deemed desirable that some explanation should accompany the interesting drawings, particularized in the preceding article on ancient Hindu sculptures from the Cave Temples of Ellora, made by Captain Grindlay, I hasten to fulfil the wishes of the council.There are two modes by which they might receive illustration: one, supposing them to contain an astronomical allusion, as suggested by Dr. B. G. Babington; the other, from an allegory in the Hindu theogonies. A knowledge of the relative position of these sculptures in the Cave Temple would materially influence my decision on this point, as regards the two plates to which I shall chiefly confine my observations, viz. one, (No. 1) which I designate “The Fable of Dacsha Prajapáti, or Máhádéva, Dacsha, and Nanda;” the other (No. 2) Víra-Bhadra.” If these sculptures are contiguous to each other in the cave, then I have no doubt they represent the fable of the sacrifice of Sati, the consort of Máhádéva, and the formation of the giant Víra-Bhadra, to revenge her death by that of Dacsha: though even this allegory may possibly conceal an astronomical period.
Genetic analysis of mango landraces from Mexico based on molecular markers
Authors: Gálvez-López Didiana , Hernández-Delgado Sanjuana , González-Paz Maurilio , Becerra-Leor Enrique Noe , Salvador-Figueroa Miguel , Mayek-Pérez Netzahualcoyotl 
Published: November 2009

Genetic diversity and relationships among 112 mango (Mangifera indica) plants native to 16 states of Mexico and four controls [three mango cultivars (Ataulfo, Manila and Tommy Atkins) and one accession ofMangifera odorata] were evaluated based on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers. Mango germplasm shows broad dispersion through Mexico and genetically similar germplasm from different agroecological regions has previously been found by our group. Both AFLP and SSR analyses indicated high genetic similarity among mango populations that were clustered in two major groups: mangos from Gulf of Mexico coastline and mangos from Pacific Ocean coastline and locations far away from the sea. The highest genetic diversity was found within plants from each state, and significant genetic differentiation (FST = 0.1921, AFLPs and 0.1911, SSRs) was also observed among mango populations based on geographical origin and genetic status (cultivars versus landraces). Heterozygosity values ranged from low (0.38) to moderate (0.68), and no heterozygote deficits were found. The highest genetic variability was found in mango populations from Tabasco, Michoacán and Oaxaca. Data suggested that mangoes are subjected to natural or induced pollination, so segregation as well as genetic recombination plays major roles on genetic diversification of Mexican mangos. AFLP analysis was more robust than SSR for determining the genetic relationships among mango landraces from Mexico.
Nutritional and quality characteristics expressed in 31 perennial wheat breeding lines
Authors: Murphy Kevin M. , Hoagland Lori A. , Reeves Philip G. , Baik Byung-Kee , Jones Stephen S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSoil erosion due to annual cropping on highly erodible farmland is a major ecological concern in the wheat growing regions of Washington State. In response to requests from farmers, the winter wheat breeding program at Washington State University has been developing perennial wheat selected from crosses between wild wheatgrass species and commonly grown annual wheat cultivars. In 2005/06, we conducted field trials of the most promising perennial wheat breeding lines derived from interspecific crosses between tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum elongatum) and bread wheat (Triticum aestivum). Thirty-one perennial breeding lines and two annual winter wheat cultivars were evaluated for nutritional value in the form of grain mineral concentration, multiple baking and milling quality traits, and ease of grain threshability. The objective of this study was to identify the strengths and weaknesses of these post-harvest traits in the perennial wheat lines derived from these interspecific crosses. Mineral nutrient concentrations in the perennial lines were 44, 40, 24, 23, 32, 30 and 33% higher than the annual control cultivars for calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus and zinc, respectively. The annual cultivars had a higher grain mineral content per unit area of land than the perennial lines, due primarily to the higher grain yields of the annual cultivars. Compared to the annual wheat cultivars, the perennial lines produced grain with smaller seed size, lower test weight and reduced flour yield, mix time and loaf volume. Protein content was 3.5–4.5% higher in the perennial lines than in the annual cultivars. The threshability index (TI) ranged from 0.63 to 0.89 in the perennials (μ=0.75); significantly lower than the mean TI of the annual cultivars (μ=0.97). The significant genotype×location interaction found for TI suggests that the variation in annual precipitation positively influenced some perennial lines to express greater threshability. In addition to transferring traits important to the perennial growth habit in wheat, the wild wheatgrass species also introduced beneficial characteristics (i.e. increased protein and mineral concentration) and deleterious traits (poor threshing grain and inferior baking qualities). This research gives researchers a platform from which to direct further research and selection in the development of perennial wheat.
AGU Joins MentorNet to Support Young Geoscientists
Authors: Cifuentes Inés 
Published: November 2009

AGU has joined MentorNet as a partner in a mentoring network that encourages diversity in the engineering and science professions. MentorNet matches protégés and mentors and provides mentoring advice, suggestions, and gentle reminders to keep the exchange going. This partnership makes it possible for AGU to connect student members who would like a mentor in the geosciences with members who want to mentor.Mentoring is key to encouraging young people—particularly women, Latinos, and African Americans—to become involved and stay involved with the sciences. MentorNet partners with institutions of higher education, industry, government, and professional societies to provide online programs to serve science professionals and students.
Community shifts of soybean stem-associated bacteria responding to different nodulation phenotypes and N levels
Authors: Ikeda Seishi , Okubo Takashi , Kaneko Takakazu , Inaba Shoko , Maekawa Tomiya , Eda Shima , Sato Shusei , Tabata Satoshi , Mitsui Hisayuki , Minamisawa Kiwamu 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
The diversity of stem-associated bacteria of non-nodulated (Nod−), wild-type nodulated (Nod+) and hypernodulated (Nod++) soybeans were evaluated by clone library analyses of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Soybeans were dressed with standard nitrogen (SN) fertilization (15 kg N ha–1) and heavy nitrogen (HN) fertilization (615 kg N ha–1). The relative abundance of Alphaproteobacteria in Nod+ soybeans (66%) was smaller than that in Nod− and Nod++ soybeans (75–76%) under SN fertilization, whereas that of Gammaproteobacteria showed the opposite pattern (23% in Nod+ and 12–16% in Nod− and Nod++ soybeans). Principal coordinate analysis showed that the bacterial communities of Nod− and Nod++ soybeans were more similar to each other than to that of Nod+ soybeans under SN fertilization. HN fertilization increased the relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria in all nodulation phenotypes (33–57%) and caused drastic shifts of the bacterial community. The clustering analyses identified a subset of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at the species level in Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria responding to both the nodulation phenotypes and nitrogen fertilization levels. Meanwhile, the abundance of Betaproteobacteria was relatively constant in all libraries constructed under these environmental conditions. The relative abundances of two OTUs in Alphaproteobacteria (Aurantimonas sp. and Methylobacterium sp.) were especially sensitive to nodulation phenotype and were drastically decreased under HN fertilization. These results suggested that a subpopulation of proteobacteria in soybeans is controlled in a similar manner through both the regulation systems of plant–rhizobia symbiosis and the nitrogen signaling pathway in plants.