bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anticipatory Development Foresight: An approach for international and multilateral organizations
Authors: Krishnan Aarathi , Robele Sophia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMotivationIn the three years before 2023, we have seen multiple parallel crises—from climate emergencies to economic instability, dramatic increases in costs of living, and political insecurities. Looming larger than the risks is the resultant uncertainty. Development agents, including governments, are historically unprepared for managing converging crisis. When risks are analysed and governed in narrow ways, the historically oppressed and excluded continue to carry the brunt of impact.PurposeThis article reflects on the question: How can institutions, including governments, become more anticipatory against this backdrop, to ensure that their policy and investment choices do not leave anyone behind due to lack of preparedness?Approach and methodsIt draws insights from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Asia and the Pacific's efforts since 2020 to apply more future‐fit planning and programming, recognizing that foresight is not an end in itself, but a mechanism for shaping more anticipatory institutions. It is based on qualitative learning synthesized from over three years of work to establish new systems, capabilities and processes for UNDP and its partners to engage in anticipatory risk and planning.FindingsPractices rooted in strategic foresight and anticipation can support institutions to incorporate long‐term thinking in planning and analysis, but their translation into development decisions and investments requires shifts in perspectives and risk appetite. Historically, strategic foresight has not been mainstreamed within international organizations and governments owing to: failing to embed anticipation into core systems and processes; giving more attention to tools and building skills than to the demand for alternative decision‐making models and to risk tolerance; relying overly on external support and static models; insufficiently attending to organizational culture and relational drivers of thinking and action.Policy implicationsWe suggest four interconnected levers to help sustain impact and equity when bringing anticipatory approaches into policy processes: ensure design elasticity to encourage local, context‐specific models of anticipatory decision‐making; build anticipatory systems as a base to understand future risks, harms, and correlating impacts; interrogate what counts as legitimate and relevant evidence for policy decisions; cultivate imagination as an act of inquiry.
Futuring Fragility: Embracing uncertainty, identifying opportunity, unlocking development
Authors: Balthasar Dominik 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMotivationClose to a third of the world's population and more than 80% of people living in extreme poverty live in contexts of fragility. With agencies such as the OECD and UNDP conceiving of such places in terms of multiple and serious risks, the framing has come to be one of pathology: fragile contexts are defined by deficits with respect to idealized governance and sustainable development goals. In consequence, development options are locked into managing risks—confining opportunities to develop potential.PurposeCan strategic foresight unlock the development potential of fragile societies?Approach and methodsBecause there is still little documentation of foresight initiatives in contexts of fragility, the approach here is theoretical and conceptual. We draw on literature from the fields of fragility, foresight, and cognition, as well as insights from expert exchanges and roundtables.FindingsIt is uncertainty, not risk, that lies at the heart of fragility—an insight that challenges standard decision‐making. With the latter being based on analogical reasoning, it cannot be logically applied under conditions of uncertainty. If, instead, we adopt an heuristic for decision‐making that acknowledges uncertainty to not only entail risk but also opportunity, strategic foresight is well‐placed to help revive development.Policy ImplicationsFirst, fragility has to be reframed to acknowledge the centrality of uncertainty, not risk, in approaching fragility. Whilst evidence from the past is important, scrutinizing past paradigms and envisioning different futures is crucial.Second, strategic foresight can help uncover fragile societies’ capacities and potential. It can help shift from analyses dominated by a concern with lacks and deficits, to analyses which seek relative strengths and opportunities. Just as strong states are not strong in every respect, fragile states may have more to offer than meets the eye.Third, debates need to be more open, less ideologically laden. Dominant thinking on fragility is rife with seemingly imperturbable underpinnings: for example, the mantra that “without peace there can be no development, and without development there can be no peace.” While such propositions contain some truth, treating them as absolute and universally applicable, limits both thinking and policy options. Strategic foresight is well placed to provide a fresh view on fragility.
Familiarity and social relationships in degus (Octodon degus)
Authors: Thatcher Amber , Insel Nathan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDegus (Octodon degus) are a highly gregarious species of caviomorph rodent native to South America. Kinship does not appear to play a role in degu social structure, and alloparenting is often observed between unrelated females. We hypothesize that female degus readily establish new, cooperative peer relationships. Here, we examined changes in dyadic behavior as individuals became more familiar, testing the prediction that interactions between female strangers would quickly resemble those of cagemates. Adult degus underwent a several week series of 20 min “reunion” social exposures, interleaving reunions with initial strangers and, as a control, familiar cagemates. Males showed initially higher levels of interaction with strangers that converged with cagemate levels over experience. Females could be split into two groups: those that consistently interacted more with strangers (SC‐HIGH) and those that did not (SC‐LOW); however, unlike males, the higher interaction levels observed between strangers did not change with familiarity. Following 10 reunion sessions female strangers were housed together to create “new cagemates.” Even after co‐housing, SC‐HIGH (but not SC‐LOW) females continued to interact more with the relatively unfamiliar peer than their prior cagemate, particularly in face‐to‐face and rear‐sniffing interactions. A final set of reunions with new strangers found that individual differences in female responses to social novelty were preserved. These results reveal sex differences in the rules relating familiarization to social relationships in degus, and that female predispositions toward cooperation may be due to inherent responses to new individuals more than to how they negotiate relationships over time.
Research progress and latest application of ultrasonic treatment on protein extraction and modification
Authors: Zhang Jianyou , Ji Shengqiang , Liang Jianqin , Chen Yutong , Tang Wei , Lyu Fei 
Published: June 2024

SummaryThe advancement of the modern food industry has prompted a shift away from traditional protein extraction methods due to their inherent limitations. As a result, there is a growing interest in exploring alternative methods for protein extraction and modification such as ultrasonic (US) treatment. This shift towards more sustainable and efficient protein extraction methods is a key research focus in obtaining safe proteins in an environmentally friendly manner. Furthermore, enhancing the functional properties of proteins through modification can expand their application. This paper reviews recent research progress and applications of US treatment on protein extraction and modification as well as the impact on protein structure and functional properties. In addition, the latest applications of ultrasound‐modified‐proteins, including nano‐proteins, 3D printing and interactions between proteins and other food components, are reviewed. This review may provide some inspiration for the potential application of US technologies in food fields.
The role of pan‐roasting on changes in bioactive compounds, phenolic and fatty acid composition of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed Isam A. , AlJuhaimi Fahad , Özcan Mehmet Musa , Uslu Nurhan , Karrar Emad 
Published: June 2024

SummaryIn this study, the effect of roasting on the oil quantities, bioactive properties, colour, fatty acids and polyphenols of seeds roasted in pan at roasting times was investigated. Total phenolic and flavonoid quantities of roasted seeds are assayed among 186.59 (control) and 429.29 mgGAE/100 g (20 min) to 810.00 (10 min) and 903.33 mg/100 g (5 min), respectively. The heat treatment increased the oil and total phenol quantities of the chia seeds compared to the control, depending on the increase in roasting time. In addition, the antioxidant effect of the seeds in the 5‐min roasting process was the same as in the control, but it showed differences with other roasting times. As the roasting time increased, a significant increase was observed in the L* values of the seeds and this reduced the brightness of the seeds. The 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid and catechin quantities of the chia seeds roasted for 15 and 20 min were higher than the 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid and catechin amounts of control and chia seeds roasted for 5 and 10 min. Linolenic acid was found to be the highest in chia oils, and its amount changed between 63.66 (20 min) and 66.88% (control).
Insights into the roles of heat‐stable protein derived from egg white in vitamin A stabilisation
Authors: Gao Yang , Liu Hanhan , Wang Ruoyong , Zang Jiachen , Lv Chenyan 
Published: June 2024

SummaryVitamin A (VA) is a fat‐soluble compound that is essential for physiological functions including vision, fetal growth, immune response, cell differentiation and proliferation. However, its susceptibility to environmental conditions leading to poor stability limits its application in food. This study investigated the interaction between egg white protein (EWP) and VA by spectroscopy and molecular docking. The results indicated one EWP could bind 16.00 ± 0.89 VA molecules and the binding constant is (2.59 ± 0.71) × 105 m−1. What's more, there was a fluorescence resonance energy transfer between EWP and VA, and the Förster radius is 5.28 nm. In addition, VA enhanced the hydrophobic interactions with the EWP, resulting in protein aggregation, larger average particle size and more uniform particle size distribution. Finally, the combination of VA with EWP could significantly improve the photothermal stability and storage stability of VA. These studies indicate that EWP nanocomplexes can be used as ideal delivery carriers for bioactive substances.
The effects of white noise and swaddling methods on orogastric tube insertion‐related pain in preterm infants: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kirli Ceyda , Kisacik Öznur Gürlek , Gürel Selçuk 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimThis study aims to investigate the effects of the white noise, swaddling and white noise + swaddling methods on pain and physiological parameters associated with orogastric tube insertion procedure.MethodsThis was a randomized controlled trial. A total of 132 preterm infants were randomly assigned to four groups as white noise group (n = 33), swaddling group (n = 33), white noise + swaddling group (n = 33) and control group (n = 33). Interventions were initiated 5 min before the orogastric tube insertion procedure and continued during and up to 5 min after the procedure.ResultsWhite noise intervention alone did not have a significant effect on reducing pain associated with orogastric tube insertion (p > 0.05). Compared with the control group, the preterm infants in the swaddling group experienced 0.587 times less pain, and those in the white noise + swaddling group experienced 0.473 times less pain.ConclusionsFindings indicate the swaddling and the combination of white noise + swaddling may be a useful intervention in reducing the invasive pain experienced by preterm infants during and after orogastric tube insertion and in improving the physiological parameters associated with pain.
Taxonomic and phylogenetic β‐diversity of regional assemblages of angiosperm species in relation to geographic and climatic determinants in Africa
Authors: Qian Hong , Jin Yi , Deng Tao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimBeta‐diversity quantifies the change in taxonomic and phylogenetic composition between areas, and is a scalar between local (α) and regional (γ) diversity. Geographic distance, which reflects dispersal limitation, and climatic distance, which reflects environmental filtering, are major drivers of β‐diversity. Here, we analyse a comprehensive data set of angiosperms in regional floras across Africa to assess the relationships of β‐diversity, and its components, to three major types of environmental variables (current climate, Quaternary climate change and topographic heterogeneity) thought to drive β‐diversity.LocationAfrica.TaxonAngiosperms.MethodsAfrica was divided into 27 regions. Species lists of angiosperms for each region were collated. The relationships of both taxonomic and phylogenetic β‐diversity, and their respective turnover and nestedness components, with geographic and environmental distances were assessed.ResultsThis study showed that (1) regions of the lowest β‐diversity are located in moist tropical climates, (2) the turnover and nestedness components of β‐diversity are negatively correlated with each other, (3) taxonomic β‐diversity is higher than phylogenetic β‐diversity across Africa, (4) variation in β‐diversity of angiosperms is more strongly associated with current climate than with Quaternary climate change and topographic heterogeneity and (5) the variation in taxonomic β‐diversity and its turnover component that is independently explained by geographic distance is much larger than that is independently explained by climatic distance for angiosperms in Africa.Main ConclusionsThe finding that geographic distance explained more variation than climatic distance suggests that dispersal limitation plays a greater role than environmental filtering in shaping angiosperm β‐diversity in Africa. Of climatic factors, current climate plays a more important role than Quaternary climate change in shaping angiosperm β‐diversity in Africa.
The use of phages for the biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles and their biological applications: A review
Authors: Hosseininasab Seyed Soheil , Naderifar Mahin , Akbarizadeh Majid Reza , Rahimzadeh Mohammadjavad , Soltaninejad Simin , Makarem Zohre , Satarzadeh Naghmeh , Sadeghi Dousari Amin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNowadays, the use of biological methods of synthesis of nanoparticles as substitutes for methods that use high energy and consumption of expensive and dangerous materials is of interest to researchers all over the world. Biological methods of synthesising metal nanoparticles are very important because they are easy, affordable, safe, environmentally friendly and able to control the size and shape of nanoparticles. One of the methods that is of interest today is the use of bacteriophages as the most abundant organisms in nature in the synthesis of metal nanoparticles. Nanomaterials biosynthesized from phages have shown various clinical applications, including antimicrobial activities, biomedical sensors, drug and gene delivery systems, cancer treatment and tissue regeneration. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to investigate the biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles with phages and their biomedical applications.
The expansion of invasive species to the East: new sites of the bullheads (genus Ameiurus Rafinesque 1820) in Ukraine with morphological and genetic identification
Authors: Kutsokon Yuliia , Bielikova Olena , Pekárik Ladislav , Roman Anatolii , Shcherbatiuk Mykola , Čiamporová‐Zaťovičová Zuzana , Čiampor Fedor 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study confirms the extended distribution of two invasive species of the genus Ameiurus in Ukraine. Specifically, A. melas is recorded for the first time in the Southern Buh basin and A. nebulosus has expanded further eastward within the Dnipro basin. Material collected in 2019 and 2022 was identified by morphological features and confirmed by molecular genetic analysis. The most reliable morphological characters for distinguishing these two species include anal‐fin membrane pigmentation (light or black), gill raker count (fewer or more than 16), and serrations on the pectoral‐fin spine (well‐developed along the full length or small, absent near the tip). The analysis of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I barcoding marker identified all samples from the Dnipro Basin (Tnia and Velykyi Luh localities) as A. nebulosus, while all specimens from the Vinnytsia region within the Southern Buh basin (Sotskoho and Vyshenske lakes) were attributed to A. melas. The maximum‐likelihood analysis revealed clearly separated clades with high bootstrap support (>75%), strongly supporting the presence of the two separate species. This study suggests the potential for further eastward expansion of both species within Ukraine: A. nebulosus in the northern direction and A. melas in the southern direction.
Cypermethrin exposure: Implications for growth, phenotypic attributes, and biochemical responses in monosex tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Hazra Prema , Ghosh Alokesh Kumar , Sarower Md. Golam 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of exposure to sublethal concentrations of cypermethrin on growth, phenotypic traits, and metabolic and antioxidant enzymes activities of monosex tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The median lethal concentration (LC50) of cypermethrin was initially ascertained to be 0.04 ppm after 12 h of exposure to three concentrations (0.04, 0.20, and 1.0 ppm) via the Probit analysis method. The sublethal exposures were obtained for 3 months at 0.0016, 0.008, and 0.04 ppm of cypermethrin. The growth performance, phenotypic traits, and enzymatic activity were analyzed. The research findings revealed a notable impact of cypermethrin on the growth performance of monosex tilapia, with a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in weight observed as the concentration increased. The experiment documented a significant change (p < 0.05) in the phenotypic traits of standard length, total length, tail length, trunk length, eye diameter, body area, and color patterns, but not dressing percentage. Furthermore, it was observed that the activities of amylase and protease in both the intestine and muscle decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with increasing concentrations of cypermethrin, except for amylase in the muscle, where no significant change was noted (p > 0.05). The results also demonstrated significant reductions (p < 0.05) in the activity of metabolic enzymes, specifically superoxide dismutase and catalase, following exposure to sublethal levels of cypermethrin. The study suggested that sublethal exposure of pyrethroid alters the growth, phenotypic traits, metabolic enzymes activities, and immunity of monosex tilapia.
Updates in Medical and Surgical Weight Loss
Authors: Davis Melissa G. , Sanders Bethany D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe number of individuals with obesity is at an all‐time high, and the rate of obesity continues to climb each year. Obesity is a chronic disease with widespread effects throughout the body. Midwives and perinatal care providers need an understanding of the etiology, pathophysiology, and interventions for obesity. A review of evidence‐based diet and lifestyle modifications, medications, and surgical procedures is presented.
Towards autistic flow theory: A non‐pathologising conceptual approach
Authors: Heasman Brett , Williams Gemma , Charura Divine , Hamilton Lorna G. , Milton Damian , Murray Fergus 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFlow states are heightened moments of concentration, motivation and enjoyment, leading to total absorption in the present moment. A striking parallel exists between flow states and phenomenological accounts of autistic daily life. We analyse the components of flow theory alongside autistic autobiographical accounts to explore similarities and differences, in doing so moving toward an understanding of autistic flow theory. We highlight the considerations and opportunities this may hold for future autism research, in particular the advantage that this offers a non‐pathologising approach to researching autism, one which helps to explain contextualised behaviour (i.e., alignment between the situation and what is happening in one's mind). Drawing on autistic autobiographical accounts, we outline four principles: (1) autistic people are uniquely placed to discover and manage flow; (2) autistic flow may qualitatively diverge from traditional models of flow; (3) difficulties maintaining and exiting flow for autistic people highlight a need to examine transitions into and out of flow; and, (4) internal and external constraints to flow highlight there is unrealised autistic potential yet to be discovered. The implications of an autistic flow theory are discussed in terms of how it can impact (a) our conceptual understanding of autism providing alternative explanations to previously researched phenomena, and (b) how we build enabling environments for autistic people that allow flow to flourish across educational practice, wellbeing and research contexts.
Lizards and the enzootic cycle of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato
Authors: Nowak Tristan A. , Burke Russell L. , Diuk‐Wasser Maria A. , Lin Yi‐Pin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEmerging and re‐emerging pathogens often stem from zoonotic origins, cycling between humans and animals, and are frequently vectored and maintained by hematophagous arthropod vectors. The efficiency by which these disease agents are successfully transmitted between vertebrate hosts is influenced by many factors, including the host on which a vector feeds. The Lyme disease bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato has adapted to survive in complex host environments, vectored by Ixodes ticks, and maintained in multiple vertebrate hosts. The versatility of Lyme borreliae in disparate host milieus is a compelling platform to investigate mechanisms dictating pathogen transmission through complex networks of vertebrates and ticks. Squamata, one of the most diverse clade of extant reptiles, is comprised primarily of lizards, many of which are readily fed upon by Ixodes ticks. Yet, lizards are one of the least studied taxa at risk of contributing to the transmission and life cycle maintenance of Lyme borreliae. In this review, we summarize the current evidence, spanning from field surveillance to laboratory infection studies, supporting their contributions to Lyme borreliae circulation. We also summarize the current understanding of divergent lizard immune responses that may explain the underlying molecular mechanisms to confer Lyme spirochete survival in vertebrate hosts. This review offers a critical perspective on potential enzootic cycles existing between lizard‐tick‐Borrelia interactions and highlights the importance of an eco‐immunology lens for zoonotic pathogen transmission studies.