bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tobacco Images Choice and its Association With Craving and Dependence in People Who Smoke Cigarettes
Authors: Solinas Marcello , Chauvet Claudia , Lafay-Chebassier Claire , Vanderkam Paul , Barillot Lila , Moeller Scott J , Goldstein Rita Z , Noël Xavier , Jaafari Nematollah , Chatard Armand 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Increased salience of drug-related cues over nondrug reinforcers can drive drug use and contribute to tobacco use disorder (TUD). An important scientific and clinical goal is to effectively measure this elevated drug-seeking behavior in TUD. However, most TUD assessments rely on self-reported cravings and cigarette consumption, not providing an objective measure of the impact of drug cues on biasing behavior toward drugs. The probabilistic image choice (PIC) task investigates the choice of viewing drug-related pictures as compared to other salient pictures (eg, pleasant and unpleasant). This study aimed to develop and validate the PIC task for TUD and evaluate the associations between behavioral choice and tobacco craving, daily cigarette consumption, quit attempts and motivation to quit, and nicotine dependence (the Fagerström score).

Methods
We recruited 468 smokers and 121 nonsmokers using the Prolific online platform. Participants performed the PIC task twice (at a 1-month interval) and completed other measures relevant to TUD.

Results
Compared to nonsmokers, tobacco smokers selected to view significantly more tobacco images and less pleasant (nondrug reinforcer) images, a profile that remained stable at retest. Individual differences in choice of tobacco as compared to pleasant images on the PIC task were associated with craving but not with the other tobacco dependence measures, suggesting that the task may serve as a behavioral proxy measure of drug “wanting” rather than of cumulative nicotine exposure or physical dependence.

Conclusions
These results suggest that the PIC task can be a valuable tool for objectively assessing craving-associated tobacco seeking in TUD.

Implications
Most of the current measures of TUD rely on self-reports of consumption, dependence, and craving, and do not take into consideration the role of drug-related cues in driving tobacco seeking. This study shows that the PIC task provides an objective, reliable proxy measure of tobacco image-seeking behavior in people who smoke cigarettes that is linked to craving (desire) for smoking but not to other measures of TUD. Therefore, the PIC task may be a useful complementary tool for the classification, diagnosis, and prognosis of TUD.
Healthcare Visits by Smokers: Does Cessation Treatment Differ Based on Clinical Condition?
Authors: Geletko Karen W , Graves Katelyn , Hogans-Mathews Shermeeka , Harman Jeffrey 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Persons with behavioral health conditions are disproportionally burdened by their tobacco use. Research is limited on how often this patient population is offered tobacco cessation interventions at healthcare visits. This study examines if cessation treatment offered at healthcare visits differs based on the clinical condition.

Aims and Methods
Using data from the 2015 to 2018 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, we examined tobacco cessation counseling and medications (bupropion, nicotine replacement therapies, and varenicline) from 4590 visits by patients with current tobacco use. Separate multivariate logistic regressions were used to assess whether the odds of receiving tobacco cessation treatment varied by three groups of clinical conditions: (1) substance use disorder and/or alcohol use disorder, (2) depression, and (3) physical conditions.

Results
The odds of being offered smoking cessation counseling are 4.02 times greater for visits by patients with substance use disorder and/or alcohol use disorder compared to visits by patients with depression (p &lt; .001), while the odds of receiving smoking cessation medication are 2.36 times greater for visits by patients with depression compared to visits by patients with substance use disorder and/or alcohol use disorder (p &lt; .01). Visits by patients with substance use disorder and/or alcohol use disorder have 2.36 times the odds of receiving any combination of tobacco cessation treatment compared to visits by patients with depression (p &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Providers are offering cessation treatment at visits by patients with behavioral health conditions at either higher or comparable rates to those without; however, tobacco cessation treatment continues to be underutilized by providers during office visits.

Implications
The results of our study have implications for increasing educational opportunities for healthcare providers to improve their confidence in offering tobacco cessation treatment to patients with behavioral health conditions. These patients are motivated to quit smoking, yet cessation treatment is underutilized in this population despite having a greater health effect than most other clinical interventions. Incorporating tobacco cessation education in medical school curricula and post-graduate training can help eliminate barriers for physicians to routinely provide cessation assistance. Collaboration between clinicians and behavioral health providers can also enhance tobacco treatment support and improve cessation rates.
Sofosbuvir Off-label Treatment of Yellow Fever Patients During an Outbreak in Brazil, 2018: A Cohort Study
Authors: Rezende Izabela M , Mendonça Diogo Correa , Costa Thais Alkifeles , Oliveria Gabriela Fernanda Garcia de , Arruda Matheus Soares , Gonçalves Andreza Parreiras , Alves Pedro Augusto , Calzavara-Silva Carlos Eduardo , Martins-Filho Olindo A , Teixeira-Carvalho Andréa , Bonjardim Claudio Antonio , Monath Thomas P , LaBeaud A Desiree , Drumond Betânia P , Pascoal-Xavier Marcelo Antônio , Pereira Leonardo S , Ramalho Dario Brock 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We enrolled 21 patients with laboratory-confirmed yellow fever (YF), hospitalized at Eduardo de Menezes Hospital, Brazil, to be treated with sofosbuvir, a drug approved for hepatitis C. Given the absence of specific YF antiviral treatments, the off-label nonrandomized sofosbuvir treatment aimed to address high disease severity and the risk of fatal outcomes. Patients received a daily dose of 400 mg sofosbuvir from 4 to 10 days post–symptom onset. YF viral load (VL) comparisons were made between treated and nontreated patients who either survived or died. The genomic VL for the treated group steadily decreased after day 7 post–symptom onset, suggesting that sofosbuvir might reduce YF VL. This study underscores the urgent need for YF antiviral therapies, advocating for randomized clinical trials to further explore sofosbuvir's role in YF treatment.
Dynamics near the inner dead-zone edges in a proprotoplanetary disk
Authors: Iwasaki Kazunari , Tomida Kengo , Takasao Shinsuke , Okuzumi Satoshi , Suzuki Takeru K 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We perform three-dimensional global non-ideal magnetohydrodynamic simulations of a protoplanetary disk containing the inner dead-zone edge. We take into account realistic diffusion coefficients of the Ohmic resistivity and ambipolar diffusion based on detailed chemical reactions with single-size dust grains. We found that the conventional dead zone identified by the Elsässer numbers of the Ohmic resistivity and ambipolar diffusion is divided into two regions: “the transition zone” and “the coherent zone.” The coherent zone has the same properties as the conventional dead zone, and extends outside of the transition zone in the radial direction. Between the active and coherent zones, we discover the transition zone, the inner edge of which is identical to that of the conventional dead zone. The transition zone extends out over the regions where thermal ionization determines diffusion coefficients. The transition zone has completely different physical properties than the conventional dead zone, the so-called undead zone, and the zombie zone. The combination of amplification of the radial magnetic field owing to the ambipolar diffusion and a steep radial gradient of the Ohmic diffusivity causes the efficient evacuation of the net vertical magnetic flux from the transition zone within several rotations. Surface gas accretion occurs in the coherent zone but not in the transition zone. The presence of the transition zone prohibits mass and magnetic flux transport from the coherent zone to the active zone. Mass accumulation occurs at both edges of the transition zone as a result of mass supply from the active and coherent zones.
Pediatric critical care capacity in Canada
Authors: Lalgudi Ganesan Saptharishi , Garros Daniel , Foster Jennifer , Di Genova Tanya , Fontela Patricia S , Murthy Srinivas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) capacity is a current and future health system challenge. Despite experiencing two pandemics in as many decades and surges every winter, we have little to no information on PICU capacity in Canada. Our objective was to characterize the bed capacity of Canadian PICUs and their ability to accommodate surges in demand.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey to gather information from Canadian PICUs regarding funded/physical beds, unit characteristics, medical staffing, therapies provided, and challenges related to surge management. The survey was completed by a representative from each PICU and validated by PICU Directors. Quantitative survey results were summarized as counts and proportions, while the free-text response was summarized using inductive content analysis.

Results
Representatives from all 19 Canadian PICUs located in 17 hospitals completed the survey and reported having 275 (217 level 3 and 58 level 2) funded beds and 298 physical bed spaces. Of these, 47 beds (35 level 3 and 12 level 2) are in two specialized cardiac PICUs. Roughly 13,385, 13,419, 11,430, and 12,315 children were admitted in the years 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021, respectively. During a surge, PICUs reported being able to add 5.9 ± 3.4 beds per unit totaling up to 108 temporary surge beds. Several barriers for the successful implementation of surge plans were identified.

Conclusions
Canadian pediatric critical care capacity is comparable to that in many other high-income countries, though our ability to respond to a pandemic/epidemic with significant pediatric critical illness may be limited.
The impact of early death on birth counts in the United States, 1950 to 2019
Authors: Polizzi Antonino , Tilstra Andrea M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In a previous issue of PNAS Nexus, Bor et al. quantified the number of “missing Americans”—the deaths that would have been averted if the United States had experienced the mortality conditions of other wealthy nations. In 2019 alone, their estimates indicate that more than 100,000 individuals in reproductive ages (15–49 years) would have survived. The concept of the “missing Americans” is a valuable one, but here we argue that it is incomplete because it does not include children that would have been born to those who died an early death. We examine 3 indicators to assess the strength of the mortality–fertility nexus at the population level, showing that mortality more negatively affects birth counts in the United States than in other wealthy nations. Using the mortality conditions in other wealthy nations as a reference, we estimate that between 2010 and 2019 alone, approximately 200,000 children were not born in the United States due to the premature death of their potential mothers. Our findings highlight that improving morbidity and mortality among people of reproductive age—without compromising their reproductive autonomy—is critical in the United States.
A review on natural bioactive compounds of Taraxacum officinale Weber: a potential anticancer plant
Authors: Tiwari Deepti , Kewlani Pushpa , Singh Laxman , Rawat Sandeep , Bhatt Indra D , Sundriyal Rakesh C , Pande Veena 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This review analyzed available literature on traditional/ethnomedicinal knowledge, phytochemical composition, anticancer activity reported in vitro and in vivo studies, and the toxicological activity of Taraxacum officinale. The aim is to provide an in-depth analysis of existing research on the anticancer potential of T. officinale.

Key findings
The data was extracted using four search engines, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, and Pubmed, and systematically analyzed to identify effective plant-based substances for cancer treatment. The different parts of the plant are the source of different bioactive compounds that exhibit several pharmacological activities like antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, anticancer, analgesic, etc. Traditionally, it is used to treat various ailments such as migraines, cardiac complaints, jaundice, fever, liver and kidney disorders, and hepatitis. Different biologically active compounds isolated from T. officinale are widely investigated against various pharmacological activities, including cancer.

Summary
The available evidence on the bioactive potential of Taraxacum officinale provides direction for identifying and developing herbal agents to prevent different types of cancers in the future. However, there is a need to examine the clinical validation of pure compounds for drug development.
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome, literature review
Authors: Orozco González Bertha Nachelly , Rodriguez Plascencia Nidia , Palma Zapata Julio Augusto , Llamas Domínguez Alondra Esthefanía , Rodríguez González Jesús Sacramento , Diaz Juan Manuel , Ponce Muñoz Miguel , Ponce-Campos Silvia Denise 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Obesity is a global health concern that has been increasing over the years, and it is associated with several pathophysiological changes affecting the respiratory system, including alveolar hypoventilation. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) is one of the six subtypes of sleep-hypoventilation disorders. It is defined as the presence of obesity, chronic alveolar hypoventilation leading to daytime hypercapnia and hypoxia, and sleep-disordered breathing. The existence of a sleep disorder is one of the characteristics that patients with OHS present. Among them, 90% of patients have obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and the remaining 10% of patients with OHS have non-obstructive sleep hypoventilation without OSA or with mild OSA. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the epidemiological and pathophysiological impact of OHS and to highlight its clinical features, prognosis, and severity, as well as the available treatment options.
The Meaning of Success: Ethno-Gendered Reactions to Discrimination at Work
Authors: Marantz Erez Aharon , Kalev Alexandra , Lewin-Epstein Noah , Gerson Kathleen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A growing body of research examines discrimination within racialized organizations, but much less attention has been given to workers’ reactions to such experiences. We offer an identity-based theory for understanding varied career reactions to discrimination and apply it to minority professionals within the Israeli pharmaceutical retail industry. We analyze 116 interviews with Arab-Israeli and Jewish pharmacists to explore the experience of exclusion at work and its impact on career plans. Our findings reveal that marginalized professionals can regain their self-efficacy at work by emphasizing a broader identity-based meaning of career success and adapting their career strategies accordingly, within their labor market constraints. While career reactions are highly gendered, our evidence suggests that variations in reactions are primarily explained by the meaning of career success rather than gender. We discuss the implications of our findings for a theory of agency within racialized organizations.
Advising through Adversity: Urban High Schools’ Diverging Approaches to Postsecondary Planning
Authors: Sageman Joseph 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article examines the role urban high schools play in influencing students’ postsecondary plans. While postsecondary aspirations and attendance have become more universal experiences over time for low-income students in the United States, the kinds of high schools they attend are increasingly heterogeneous in their missions and orientations to college. We know little about how variation among high schools maps onto differences in how students are supported or advised on their postsecondary plans. Drawing on 73 in-depth interviews with high school seniors, counselors, and principals in Philadelphia, I find that school structures tend to compound differences among students related to how they think about the value of college, consider which postsecondary programs fit them best, and seek out guidance from adults. I contrast the strategies of socioeconomically diverse and socioeconomically disadvantaged schools on four dimensions: curriculum, counseling, staff and peer networks, and orientation to work. Diverse schools foster exploratory adolescence, orienting students towards open-ended and long-term educational goals. Disadvantaged schools promote expedited adulthood, an approach that prioritizes pragmatic over academic training in hopes of accelerating students’ paths to economic stability and self-sufficiency. These results point to the lasting effects of school segregation and sorting mechanisms that shape students’ long-term educational and career trajectories.
Marrow mesenchymal stem cell mediates diabetic nephropathy progression via modulation of Smad2/3/WTAP/m6A/ENO1 axis
Authors: Bai Yihua , Huang Lilan , Fan Yang , Li Yaling 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDiabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the common microvascular complications in diabetic patients. Marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted attention in DN therapy but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that MSC administration alleviates high glucose (HG)‐induced human kidney tubular epithelial cell (HK‐2 cell) injury and ameliorates renal injury in DN mice. We identify that Smad2/3 is responsible for MSCs‐regulated DN progression. The activity of Smad2/3 was predominantly upregulated in HG‐induced HK‐2 cell and DN mice and suppressed with MSC administration. Activation of Smad2/3 via transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) administration abrogates the protective effect of MSCs on HG‐induced HK‐2 cell injury and renal injury of DN mice. Smad2/3 has been reported to interact with methyltransferase of N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) complex and we found a methyltransferase, Wilms' tumor 1‐associating protein (WTAP), is involved in MSCs‐Smad2/3‐regulated DN development. Moreover, WTAP overexpression abrogates the improvement of MSCs on HG‐induced HK‐2 cell injury and renal injury of DN mice. Subsequently, α‐enolase (ENO1) is the downstream target of WTAP‐mediated m6A modification and contributes to the MSCs‐mediated regulation. Collectively, these findings reveal a molecular mechanism in DN progression and indicate that Smad2/3/WTAP/ENO1 may present a target for MSCs‐mediated DN therapy.
Comparative effects of calcitriol and calcimimetic on bone health in renal insufficiency
Authors: Díaz‐Tocados Juan Miguel , Rodríguez‐Ortiz María Encarnación , Herencia Carmen , López‐Baltanás Rodrigo , Jurado‐Montoya Daniel , García‐Saez Raquel María , Valdés‐Díaz Karen , Martínez‐Moreno Julio Manuel , Santamaría Rafael , Pendón‐Ruiz de Mier María Victoria , Rodelo‐Haad Cristian , Frazão João Miguel , Felsenfeld Arnold J. , Rodríguez Mariano , Almadén Yolanda , Muñoz‐Castañeda Juan Rafael 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCalcitriol and calcimimetics are used to treat hyperparathyroidism secondary to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Calcitriol administration and the subsequent increase in serum calcium concentration decrease parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, which should reduce bone remodeling. We have previously reported that, when maintaining a given concentration of PTH, the addition of calcimimetics is associated with an increased bone cell activity. Whether calcitriol administration affects bone cell activity while PTH is maintained constant should be evaluated in an animal model of renal osteodystrophy. The aim of the present study was to compare in CKD PTH‐clamped rats the bone effects of calcitriol and calcimimetic administration. The results show that the administration of calcitriol and calcimimetic at doses that induced a similar reduction in PTH secretion produced dissimilar effects on osteoblast activity in 5/6 nephrectomized (Nx) rats with secondary hyperparathyroidism and in Nx rats with clamped PTH. Remarkably, in both rat models, the administration of calcitriol decreased osteoblastic activity, whereas calcimimetic increased bone cell activity. In vitro, calcitriol supplementation inhibited nuclear translocation of β‐catenin and reduced proliferation, osteogenesis, and mineralization in mesenchymal stem cells differentiated into osteoblasts. In conclusion, besides the action of calcitriol and calcimimetics at parathyroid level, these treatments have specific effects on bone cells that are independent of the PTH level.
Tumor‐derived hypoxic small extracellular vesicles promote endothelial cell migration and tube formation via ALS2/Rab5/β‐catenin signaling
Authors: Silva Patricio , Hernández Nadia , Tapia Héctor , Gaete‐Ramírez Belén , Torres Pedro , Flores Tania , Herrera Daniela , Cáceres‐Verschae Albano , Acuña Rodrigo A. , Varas‐Godoy Manuel , Torres Vicente A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTumor hypoxia has been associated with cancer progression, angiogenesis, and metastasis via modifications in the release and cargo composition of extracellular vesicles secreted by tumor cells. Indeed, hypoxic extracellular vesicles are known to trigger a variety of angiogenic responses via different mechanisms. We recently showed that hypoxia promotes endosomal signaling in tumor cells via HIF‐1α‐dependent induction of the guanine exchange factor ALS2, which activates Rab5, leading to downstream events involved in cell migration and invasion. Since Rab5‐dependent signaling is required for endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis, we explored the possibility that hypoxia promotes the release of small extracellular vesicles containing ALS2, which in turn activate Rab5 in recipient endothelial cells leading to pro‐angiogenic properties. In doing so, we found that hypoxia promoted ALS2 expression and incorporation as cargo within small extracellular vesicles, leading to subsequent transfer to recipient endothelial cells and promoting cell migration, tube formation, and downstream Rab5 activation. Consequently, ALS2‐containing small extracellular vesicles increased early endosome size and number in recipient endothelial cells, which was followed by subsequent sequestration of components of the β‐catenin destruction complex within endosomal compartments, leading to stabilization and nuclear localization of β‐catenin. These events converged in the expression of β‐catenin target genes involved in angiogenesis. Knockdown of ALS2 in donor tumor cells precluded its incorporation into small extracellular vesicles, preventing Rab5‐downstream events and endothelial cell responses, which depended on Rab5 activity and guanine exchange factor activity of ALS2. These findings indicate that vesicular ALS2, secreted in hypoxia, promotes endothelial cell events leading to angiogenesis. Finally, these events might explain how tumor angiogenesis proceeds in hypoxic conditions.