bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small cell carcinoma of the cervix in liquid‐based Pap test: Utilization of split‐sample immunocytochemical and molecular analysis
Authors: Giorgadze T. , Kanhere R. , Pang C. , Ganote C. , Miller L. E. , Tabaczka P. , Brown E. , Husain M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSmall cell (neuroendocrine) carcinoma of the uterine cervix (SMCC) is a rare, highly aggressive malignant neoplasm. Both conventional and liquid‐based cytology (LBC) cervical smears have low sensitivity in diagnosing SMCC, requiring immunocytochemical (ICH) confirmation. We present the first series of SMCC primarily diagnosed in cytology specimens, and ICH studies performed on the residual LBC specimens with subsequent confirmation of the diagnosis on surgical pathology specimens. Immunocytochemical stains for keratin, p16INK4, and neuroendocrine markers (synaptophysin, chromogranin, CD56) were performed on additional ThinPrep slides. HPV test used chromogenic in situ hybridization high risk HPV DNA probe. The Pap smears in all three specimens were highly cellular with a mixture of squamous cells and numerous well‐preserved single or small cohesive clusters of malignant epithelial cells. Tumor cells were small, monomorphic with minimal cytoplasm and high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio. There was significant nuclear overlap, but no nuclear molding, or smudging of nuclear chromatin. The chromatin pattern was stippled. A background tumor diathesis was prominent. Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) were noted in one case, and markedly abnormal squamous cells were seen in another case. The main cytology differential diagnoses included high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and an endometrial adenocarcinoma. Immunocytochemical positivity for the neuroendocrine markers supported the diagnoses of SMCC in all three cases. The morphologic features of the concurrent surgical pathology specimens were typical of SMCC. The tissue diagnoses were also confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Our study allows us to conclude that SMCC can be primarily diagnosed in LBC specimens using a panel of immunocytochemical stains. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The cell with a thousand faces: Detection of myoepithelial cells and their contributions in the cytological diagnosis of salivary gland tumors
Authors: Avcı Arzu , Günhan Ömer , Çakalaǧaoǧglu Fulya , Günal Armagan , Celasun Bülent 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMyoepithelial cells are an important component of salivary gland tumors and are partly responsible from the diverse histology of them. In this study, we focus on the myoepithelial cell differentiation by using cytological morphology in a various types of salivary gland tumors especially with regard to their contribution to the diagnosis. The relation of myoepithelial cells with stromal matrix and the associated epithelial cells were evaluated. Cytologic slides of one hundred and forty one benign and twenty malignant salivary gland tumors were examined for identification of morphologically different myoepithelial cells such as; spindle‐stellate, polygonal‐epitheloid, plasmacytoid, basal and clear types. The best examples of myoepithelial cells were detected in pleomorphic adenomas, in some monomorphic adenomas and in the adenoid cystic carcinoma cases. Most of the pleomorphic adenomas were composed more than one type of myoepithelial cells and epitheloid‐spindle cell combination was frequent. Basal and clear cell types of myoepithelial cells closely resembled the epithelial cells and their identification was relatively difficult. Identification of myoepithelial cell types was easier when they were associated with stromal matrix material and stood as a secondary layer around tubule‐forming epithelial cells. Myoepithelial cell components of various salivary gland tumors may be quite different and identification of myoepithelial cell types may pose difficulties. A confident cytologic identification of myoepithelial cells may be critical part of diagnosing salivary gland tumors. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cytologic findings and potential pitfalls in proliferative myositis and myositis ossificans diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology: Report of four cases and review of the literature
Authors: Klapsinou Eirini , Despoina Proestou , Dimitra Daskalopoulou 
Published: October 2010

AbstractProliferative myositis (PM) and myositis ossificans (MO) are two uncommon, benign pseudosarcomatous lesions of soft tissue. Despite their benign nature, they are often misdiagnosed for malignant soft tissue tumors because of their alarming clinical presentation. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a quick and simple method that can accurately diagnose such lesions, provided that the cytopathologist is adequately familiar with the cytomorphological features of these lesions as opposed to the features of sarcomas. In this report, we present three cases of PM and one case of MO diagnosed by FNAC. Their cytomorphological features are described, and related literature is reviewed. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cytomorphology of ALK+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma displaying spindle cells mimicking a sarcomatous tumor: Report of a case
Authors: Vij Mukul , Dhir Bonnie , Verma Ritu , Agrawal Vinita , Agarwal Vikas , Jaiswal Sushila , Pandey Rakesh 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAnaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a lymphoma of T‐cell or null‐cell lineage characterized by molecular abnormalities involving anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene and expression of ALK protein and CD30. Cytologic diagnosis of this entity is often a challenge and diagnostic difficulties are encountered when cytomorphology deviates from the usual descriptions. The reports of FNAC diagnosis of ALCL are rather limited. Histology and immunohistochemistry are usually required to confirm the diagnosis. We discuss a case of ALCL suspected on cytology in which a differential diagnosis of soft tissue sarcoma was also considered because of the presence of spindle‐shaped and strap cells. Histology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of ALK+ ALCL with tumor cells displaying strong immunoreactivity for leucocyte common antigen, CD3, ALK‐1 and CD30. We emphasize that the cytological features which may help in distinguishing sarcomatoid ALCL from soft tissue sarcoma are the presence of “hallmark cells,” lymphoglandular bodies and admixed mature small lymphocytes. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Benthic and hyporheic invertebrate community responses to seasonal flow recession in a groundwater‐dominated stream
Authors: Stubbington Rachel , Wood Paul J. , Reid Ian , Gunn John 
Published: October 2010

AbstractNatural hydrological variability in lotic ecosystems can include prolonged periods of flow recession. A reduction in discharge is accompanied by abiotic changes in benthic and hyporheic habitats, often including reductions in habitat availability. Whilst the benthic invertebrate community response to low flows is well documented, little research has considered how the composition of the community within the hyporheic zone is affected. We examined benthic and hyporheic invertebrate community composition during flow recession in a temperate karst stream, at sites with contrasting historic flow permanence regimes. Changes in benthic invertebrate community composition primarily reflected changes in habitat availability associated with discharge variability; in particular, the population density of the dominant amphipod, Gammarus pulex, increased as the area of submerged benthic sediments declined. Concurrent significant increases in the hyporheic abundance of G. pulex, and moderate increase in the proportion of the total G. pulex population inhabiting the hyporheic zone were recorded. It is postulated that G. pulex migrated into the hyporheic zone to reduce exposure to intensifying biological interactions in the benthic sediments. An increase in the hyporheic abundance of G. pulex was particularly pronounced at sites with historic intermittent flow, which could be attributed to downwelling stream water dominating vertical hydrologic exchange. The increase in G. pulex abundance reduced community diversity in the benthic sediments, but had no apparent detrimental effects on hyporheic invertebrate assemblages. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of IFN‐α as a signal‐3 cytokine on human naïve and antigen‐experienced CD8+ T cells
Authors: Hervas‐Stubbs Sandra , Riezu‐Boj Jose‐Ignacio , Gonzalez Iranzu , Mancheño Uxua , Dubrot Juan , Azpilicueta Arantza , Gabari Izaskun , Palazon Asis , Aranguren Alicia , Ruiz Juan , Prieto Jesus , Larrea Esther , Melero Ignacio 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIFN‐α/β link innate and adaptive immune responses by directly acting on naïve CD8+ T cells. This concept unveiled in mice remains unexplored in humans. To investigate that, human CD8+CD45RO− cells were stimulated with beads coated with anti‐CD3 and anti‐CD28 mAb, mimicking Ag (type‐1) and co‐stimulatory (type‐2) signals, in the presence or absence of IFN‐α and their transcriptional profiles were defined by cDNA‐microarrays. We show that IFN‐α provides a strong third signal directly to human CD8+ T cells resulting in regulation of critical genes for their overall activation. This transcriptional effect was substantiated at the protein level and verified by functional assays. Interestingly, the biological effects derived from this stimulation vary depending on the CD8+ T‐cell population. Thus, whereas IFN‐α increases the proliferative capacity of naïve CD8+ T cells, it inhibits or does not affect the proliferation of Ag‐experienced cells, such as memory and effector CTL, including CMV‐specific lymphocytes. Cytolysis and IFN‐γ‐secretion of all these populations are enhanced by IFN‐α‐derived signals, which are critical in naïve CD8+ T cells for acquisition of effector functions. Our findings in human CD8+ T cells are informative to understand and improve IFN‐α‐based therapies for viral and malignant diseases.
Modelling and Performance Evaluation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell for Building Integrated Co‐ and Polygeneration
Authors: Kazempoor P. , Dorer V. , Ommi F. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractModels of fuel cell based combined heat and power systems, used in building energy performance simulation codes, are often based on simple black or grey box models. To model a specific device, input data from experiments are often required for calibration. This paper presents an approach for the theoretical derivation of such data. A generic solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system model is described that is specifically developed for the evaluation of building integrated co‐ or polygeneration. First, a detailed computational cell model is developed for a planar SOFC and validated with available numerical and experimental data for intermediate and high temperature SOFCs with internal reforming (IT‐DIR and HT‐DIR). Results of sensitivity analyses on fuel utilisation and air excess ratio are given. Second, the cell model is extended to the stack model, considering stack pressure losses and the radiative heat transfer effect from the stack to the air flow. Third, two system designs based on the IT‐DIR and HT‐DIR SOFCs are modelled. Electric and CHP efficiencies are given for the two systems, as well as performance characteristics, to be used in simulations of building integrated co‐ and polygeneration systems.
Simulation and Validation of Thermo‐mechanical Stresses in Planar SOFCs
Authors: Kuebler J. , Vogt U. F. , Haberstock D. , Sfeir J. , Mai A. , Hocker T. , Roos M. , Harnisch U. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTo study possible failure modes of the Hexis Galileo solid oxide fuel cell stack, various stack components such as nickel/yttria stabilised zirconia anodes, lanthanum strontium manganese cathodes, 3 mol%‐yttria stabilised zirconia electrolytes and chromium alloy metallic interconnectors have been characterised with respect to their thermo‐mechanical properties. Specifically, coefficients of thermal expansion, Young's moduli, bending strengths, Poisson's ratios and fracture toughnesses have been measured. Furthermore, the temperature‐dependent warpage of complete cells has been investigated by video analysis. All experimental data were taken as input parameters for a set of finite element models to analyse various thermo‐mechanical phenomena on different length scales. The simulations offer an explanation for the often observed ‘saddle‐like‘ deformations of cells at room temperature. They also show that cracks that first develop within the anode induce local tensile stresses within the electrolyte and hence represent a weakening mechanism for the cells. It is shown that the induced electrolyte stresses depend on the anode crack density. The electrolyte stresses decrease as the distances between the anode cracks become smaller.
Anode‐supported SOFC Operated Under Single‐chamber Conditions at Intermediate Temperatures
Authors: Morales M. , Roa J. J. , Capdevila X. G. , Segarra M. , Piñol S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAnode‐supported SOFC was fabricated using gadolinia doped ceria (GDC) as the electrolyte (15 μm of thickness), Ni‐GDC as the anode and La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 – δ‐GDC as the cathode. Catalytic activities of the electrodes and electrical properties of the cell were determined, using mixtures of methane + air, under single‐chamber conditions. This work assessed with special and wide emphasis the effect of temperature, gas composition and total flow rate on the cell performance. As a result, operational temperature range of the fuel cell was approximately between 700 and 800 °C, which agrees with the results corresponding to the catalytic activities of electrodes. While Ni‐GDC anode was enough active towards methane partial oxidation at cell temperatures higher than 700 °C, the LSC‐GDC cathode was enough inactive towards partial and total oxidation of methane at cell temperatures lower than 800 °C. Under optimised gas compositions (CH4/O2 ratio (1) and total flow rate ((530 mL min–1), power densities of 145 and 235 mW cm–2 were obtained at 705 and 764 °C, respectively.
Swelling of sulphatic claystones – some fundamental questions and their practical relevance /
Authors: Anagnostou Georg , Pimentel Erich , Serafeimidis Konstantinos 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSulphatic claystones exhibit a heavily swelling behaviour and are among the most problematic rocks for tunnelling. Their swelling is usually attributed to the transformation of anhydrite to gypsum. The paper questions this simplistic hypothesis through a qualitative discussion of the processes underlying the phenomena that are observed macroscopically, and by identifying a series of fundamental issues that are important from the point of view of tunnel design. At the same time, it provides an overview of ongoing or recent research dealing with the swelling of sulphatic claystones and, more specifically, with the effects of chemical reactions and transport processes, the role of the clay fraction, the pressure dependence of swelling deformations and the possible effects of the seepage flow regime, including evaporation in the unsaturated zone.Sulfathaltige Tonsteine weisen ein besonders starkes Quellverhalten auf und gehören zu den problematischsten Gesteinen beim Tunnelbau. Ihr Quellen wird üblicherweise auf die Umwandlung von Anhydrit zu Gips zurückgeführt. Der vorliegende Aufsatz diskutiert diese vereinfachende Hypothese, indem er die dem makroskopisch beobachtbaren Quellvorgang zugrundeliegenden Prozesse qualitativ behandelt und eine Übersicht über aktuelle Forschungsprojekte vermittelt. Dabei wird eine Reihe von Themen der Grundlagenforschung identifiziert, die auch von praktischer Bedeutung sind. Zu diesen gehören die Fragen nach dem Einfluss der chemischen Reaktions‐ und Transportvorgänge, der Rolle der Tonfraktion, der Druckabhängigkeit der Quellverformungen und der Bedeutung der Sickerströmung.
Gerlos power station/Gmünd dam – stabilization of a reservoir slope (Grasegger slope) /
Authors: Leobacher Alois , Blauhut Andreas 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe reservoir Gmünd with a capacity of approximately 900,000 m3 is located about 10 km west of the village of Gerlos. The reservoir is connected with the power house Gerlos in the Zillertal, having a head of about 610 m. For increase of power from 65 to 200 MW the power house Gerlos was extended and the flow rate of the adapted power tunnel was raised from 14 to 42 m3/s maximum. The effect of the higher draw‐down rates on the reservoir slopes has been tested in September 2004 with a highspeed draw‐down with rates up to 5 m/h. As a result of this trial a landslide with an estimated volume of 10,000 m3 occurred on the Graseggerhang. The landslide showed the necessity of an effective slope stabilization of the Graseggerhang for a continuous unlimited reservoir management in the future. After a comprehensive investigation it was decided to build in a supporting fill, consisting of rock mass of a maximum grain size of 65 cm. The support fill wit h a volume of about 100,000 m3 was built in from October to December 2006 and the operation of the power plant Gerlos II started directly afterwards. For the long term surveillance of the support fill one inclinometer and several geodetic measuring points have been installed.Der Speicher Gmünd mit einem Speicherinhalt von ca. 900.000 m3 liegt etwa 10 km westlich der Ortschaft Gerlos. Über das im Zillertal gelegene Kraftwerk Gerlos wird dieser Speicher mit einer Fallhöhe von ca. 610 m abgearbeitet. Zur Umsetzung einer Leistungserhöhung von 65 auf 200 MW wurde das Krafthaus Gerlos erweitert und mit einer angepassten Triebwasserleitung die Abbauwassermenge von 14 auf maximal 42 m3/s erhöht. Zur Untersuchung der Auswirkungen der daraus resultierenden höheren Absenkgeschwindigkeiten wurde im September 2004 ein Schnellabsenkversuch mit maximalen Absenkraten von bis zu 5 m/h durchgeführt. Im Zuge der Staulegung wurde eine Rutschung mit einem geschätzten Volumen von ca. 10.000 m3 am Graseggerhang ausgelöst. Daher wurden umgehend Überlegungen für eine wirkungsvolle Sanierungsmaßnahme der betroffenen Speicherböschung angestellt, um auch zukünftig eine uneingeschränkte Speicherbewirtschaftung zu garantieren. Nach einer umfassenden Untersuchung wurde als Sanierungsvariante eine Stützschüttung bestehend aus Felsmaterial mit einem Größtkorn von 65 cm ausgewählt. Die Stützschüttung mit einem Volumen von rund 100.000 m3 wurde von Oktober bis Dezember 2006 eingebaut und daran anschließend der Kraftwerksbetrieb wieder aufgenommen. Für die Langzeitüberwachung der Stützschüttung wurden ein Inklinometer sowie mehrere geodätische Messpunkte installiert.
The interaction of machine and rock mass analysed using TBM data and rock mass parameters /
Authors: Poisel Rainer , Tentschert Ewald , Preh Alexander , Ostermann Viktoria , Chwatal Werner , Zettler Alfred 
Published: October 2010

AbstractStatistical investigations of TBM data and rock parameters have shown that interactions determined theoretically or in the laboratory are often not realistic because the interaction of the machine with the rock mass is considerably influenced by the type of machine in use, the machine driver and the characteristics of the rock mass. Evaluations of excavation data have shown that the maximum net advance rate is not produced by the maximum thrust force, even in the same rock type. Individualised optimisation of the interaction on the basis of continuously recorded machine data and basic information about the rock mass (type of rock, degree of jointing), which can be determined by geological and geophysical investigations during tunnelling, is therefore of particular significance for economical tunnelling. The evaluation of these data should not replace but rather supplement the control of the machine by the driver.Die statistischen Untersuchungen von TBM‐Daten und Gebirgskennwerten haben gezeigt, dass im Labor oder theoretisch ermittelte Zusammenhänge in der Realität oft nicht gegeben sind, weil die Interaktion Maschine‐Gebirge stark von der eingesetzten Maschine, der Fahrweise des Maschinenführers und dem jeweiligen Gebirge beeinflusst wird. So haben Auswertungen von Vortriebsdaten gezeigt, dass auch in der gleichen Gebirgsart die maximale Nettovortriebsgeschwindigkeit nicht bei maximaler Anpresskraft auftritt. Der individuellen Optimierung der Interaktion auf Basis von laufend erhobenen Maschinendaten und von Basisinformationen über das Gebirge (Gesteinsart, Zerlegungsgrad), die durch geologische und geophysikalische Untersuchungen während des Vortriebs erhalten werden können, kommt daher in Bezug auf einen wirtschaftlichen Vortrieb besondere Bedeutung zu. Die Auswertung dieser Daten soll die Steuerung durch den Maschinenführer nicht ersetzen sondern unterstützen.
The exploitation of warm tunnel water through the example of the Lötschberg Base Tunnel in Switzerland /
Authors: Hufschmied Peter , Brunner Andreas 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe drainage of the north side of the Lötschberg Base Tunnel in the Bernese Oberland in Switzerland continuously produces about 100 litres of water per second at about 20 °C. This water is discharged into the local river Kander. In order to protect wetland areas and water rights, the responsible authorities imposed limitations on the quantity of drainage from the tunnel. At the same time, the warming of the Kander by the discharged groundwater has to be limited to 0.5 °C to protect the lake trout from the Thunersee lake, which swim up the Kander to spawn. Particularly in the cold winter months when the water flow in the Kander is low, this requires the withdrawal of about 4 MW of thermal energy, or the cooling of the groundwater by about 10 °C. Instead of artificial cooling, the Tropenhaus Frutigen in combination with a local heating network exploits the warm groundwater for sturgeon farming together with tropical green houses. A high added value is achieved through sustainable use with polycultures, closed circulations and the use of alternative energies. The project has aroused great interest nationally and internationally.Der Lötschberg‐Basistunnel im Schweizerischen Berner Oberland dräniert auf seiner Nordseite kontinuierlich rund 100 Liter pro Sekunde etwa 20 °C warmes Bergwasser. Dieses Wasser wird in das lokale Fließgewässer, die Kander, eingeleitet. Zum Schutz von Feuchtgebieten und Wasserrechten haben die Behörden die Dränagemenge des Tunnels limitiert. Gleichzeitig musste zum Schutz der Seeforellen aus dem Thunersee, die in die Kander zum Laichen aufsteigen, die Erwärmung der Kander als Folge des eingeleiteten Bergwassers auf 0,5 °C begrenzt werden. Insbesondere in den kalten Wintermonaten mit Niedrigwasser in der Kander erforderte dies den Entzug von rund 4 MW thermischer Energie bzw. eine Abkühlung des Bergwassers um rund 10 °C. An Stelle einer künstlichen Abkühlung nutzt das Tropenhaus Frutigen in Kombination mit einem Nahwärmeverbund das warme Bergwasser in einer mit tropischen Gewächshäusern kombinierten Störzucht. Dank einer nachhaltigen Nutzung mit Polykulturen, geschlossenen Kreisläufen und dem Einsatz von erneuerbarer Energie wird ein hoher Mehrwert erzielt. Das Projekt stößt damit sowohl national als auch international auf großes Interesse.