bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geometrische Ersatzimperfektionen für das Biegedrillknicken von Trägern aus Walzprofilen – Grundsätzliches
Authors: Kindmann Rolf , Beier‐Tertel Judith 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDer Nachweis ausreichender Tragfähigkeit kann bei biegedrillknickgefährdeten Trägern mit dem Ersatzimperfektionsverfahren geführt werden. Das Verfahren wird ausführlich erläutert, und es werden Unterschiede zu genauen Berechnungsmethoden aufgezeigt. Da bei dem Verfahren geometrische Ersatzimperfektionen v0 angesetzt werden müssen, werden für ausgewählte Basissysteme genaue Werte v0 in Abhängigkeit von der Stabilitätsgefahr und der Querschnittsform ermittelt. Untersuchungen zum Einfluss auf die Tragfähigkeit führen zu dem Ergebnis, dass mit v0 = L/150 für mittlere bezogene Schlankheitsgrade realitätsnahe Bemessungsergebnisse erzielt werden. Für große bezogene Schlankheitsgrade reichen kleinere geometrische Ersatzimperfektionen aus. Vergleichsrechnungen mit den Werten nach DIN 18800‐2 und DIN EN 1993‐1‐1 (EC 3) zeigen, dass die Normenwerte zu klein sind, so dass die Tragfähigkeiten bereichsweise deutlich auf der unsicheren Seite liegen.Equivalent geometric imperfections for the lateral torsional buckling of rolled profile beams – Fundamentals. The sufficient bearing capacity of beams susceptible to lateral torsional buckling can be verified using the equivalent imperfections method. The method is explained in detail and differences to exact calculation procedures are shown. Since equivalent geometric imperfections v0 have to be applied for this method, exact values v0 are determined for selected basis systems depending on the danger to the stability and the cross sectional shape. Analyses of the effect on the bearing capacity lead to the result that with v0 = L/150 realistic design results can be achieved for medium non‐dimensional slenderness ratios. For large non‐dimensional slenderness ratios smaller equivalent geometric imperfections are sufficient. Comparative calculations with the values according to DIN 18800‐2 and DIN EN 1993‐1‐1 (EC 3) show that the standard values are too small, as a consequence, the bearing capacities are in certain areas clearly on the unsafe side.
Design of support structures for offshore wind turbines – Interfaces between project owner, turbine manufacturer, authorities and designer
Authors: Seidel Marc 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDesign of support structures for offshore wind turbines is a challenging subject both technically and logistically. Many stakeholders are involved in this process, which have many technical and commercial interfaces. Managing these interfaces can involve special technical approaches and procedures, some of which are discussed in this paper. It is of great benefit to the project, if these interfaces are managed well.Entwurf von Tragstrukturen für Offshore‐WEA – Schnittstellen zwischen Projekteignern, WEA‐Herstellern, Behörden und Tragwerksplanern. Der Entwurf von Tragstrukturen für Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen ist in technischer und logistischer Hinsicht eine anspruchsvolle Aufgabe. In diesem Prozess gibt es viele Beteiligte, die zahllose Schnittstellen technischer und kommerzieller Art haben. Zur effizienten Behandlung dieser Schnittstellen sind z. T. spezielle technische Vorgehensweisen hilfreich, die in dieser Veröffentlichung dargestellt werden. Der Erfolg eines Projektes insgesamt hängt maßgeblich von der erfolgreichen Abwicklung der Schnittstellen ab.
Next‐generation imaging development for nanoparticle biodistribution measurements
Authors: Tandon Pushpa , Nordstrom Robert J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAs nanotechnologies move closer to use in humans, quantitative imaging methods will play a vital role in answering questions of biodistribution. Accurate knowledge of the location and quantity of in vivo nanoconstructs and carriers is a challenging task, and new methods of quantitative imaging at appropriate resolutions are being developed and tested. Sustaining simultaneous advancement in both imaging development and nanotechnology research requires multidisciplinary research teams conducting experiments with interconnected goals. On an even greater scale, networks of multidisciplinary teams focused on similar issues of imaging and probe development offer opportunities for leveraging resources, as well as providing a forum for sharing ideas and creating consensus on solutions to common challenges. The Network for Translational Research (NTR): Optical Imaging in Multimodal Platforms from the National Cancer Institute is just such a network. Four multidisciplinary centers are accepting the challenges of developing and optimizing multimodal imaging hardware and software along with imaging probe development. These efforts are similar to the efforts that will be required for future studies of in vivo nanoparticle biodistribution. In addition to technology development and optimization, the network is organized to confront the challenges of validation of the imaging hardware and associated imaging agents, similar to the methods needed for validating nanomedicine. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2011 3 5–10 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.117This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Loop Ileostomy Closure: Comparison of Cost Effectiveness between Suture and Stapler
Authors: Horisberger Karoline , Beldi Guido , Candinas Daniel 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundClosure of loop ileostomy can be safely performed using sutures or staplers. The aim of the present study was to compare the cost effectiveness of three different techniques.MethodsA total of 128 consecutive patients who underwent closure of loop ileostomy between January 2002 and December 2008 were analyzed retrospectively. The primary outcome parameter was operative cost.ResultsClosure of ileostomy was performed in 66 patients with hand‐sewn anastomosis, in 25 patients with stapler only, and in 37 patients with a combination of stapler and suture. There were no differences in terms of early and late postoperative complications. Operative time was significantly longer for “suture only” (101.4 ± 26 min) than for “stapler/suture” (−4.9 min) and “stapler only” (−17.8 min); the difference between the three groups is significant (p = 0.05). Duration of hospital stay was not different among the three groups. Operative costs with “stapler/suture” (1,755.9 ± 355.6 EUR) were significantly higher than with “suture only” (−254 EUR; p = 0.001) and “stapler only” (−236 EUR; p = 0.005).ConclusionsOperative time using the stapler only is significantly shorter than with hand‐sewn anastomosis or combinations of stapler and suture. Operative costs are significantly higher for a procedure that includes suture and stapler.
CENTRES OF SYMMETRIC CELLULAR ALGEBRAS
Authors: LI YANBO 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLetRbe an integral domain andAa symmetric cellular algebra overRwith a cellular basis {CλS,T∣λ∈Λ,S,T∈M(λ)}. We construct an idealL(A) of the centre ofAand prove thatL(A) contains the so-called Higman ideal. WhenRis a field, we prove that the dimension ofL(A) is not less than the number of nonisomorphic simpleA-modules.
CONVEX STANDARD FUNDAMENTAL DOMAIN FOR SUBGROUPS OF HECKE GROUPS
Authors: IBRAHIMOU BOUBAKARI , YAYENIE OMER 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIt is well known that if a convex hyperbolic polygon is constructed as a fundamental domain for a subgroup of SL(2,ℝ), then its translates by the group form a locally finite tessellation and its side-pairing transformations form a system of generators for the group. Such a hyperbolically convex fundamental domain for any discrete subgroup can be obtained by using Dirichlet’s and Ford’s polygon constructions. However, these two results are not well adapted for the actual construction of a hyperbolically convex fundamental domain due to their nature of construction. A third, and most important and practical, method of obtaining a fundamental domain is through the use of a right coset decomposition as described below. If Γ2 is a subgroup of Γ1 such that Γ1=Γ2⋅{L1,L2,…,Lm} and 𝔽 is the closure of a fundamental domain of the bigger group Γ1, then the set is a fundamental domain of Γ2. One can ask at this juncture, is it possible to choose the right coset suitably so that the set ℛ is a convex hyperbolic polygon? We will answer this question affirmatively for Hecke modular groups.
Cambrian rocks and faunas of the Wachi La, Black Mountains, Bhutan
Authors: HUGHES NIGEL C. , MYROW PAUL M. , MCKENZIE N. RYAN , HARPER D. A. T. , BHARGAVA O. N. , TANGRI S. K. , GHALLEY K. S. , FANNING C. M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe Pele La Group in the Wachi La section in the Black Mountains of central Bhutan represents the easternmost exposure of Cambrian strata known in the Himalaya. The group contains a succession of siliciclastic rocks with minor amounts of carbonate, the uppermost unit of which, the Quartzite Formation, bears age-diagnostic trilobite body fossils that are approximately 493 Ma old. Trilobite species includeKaolishania granulosa, Taipaikia glabraand the new speciesLingyuanaspis sangae.A billingsellid brachiopod,Billingsellacf.tonkiniana, is co-occurrent. This fauna is precisely correlated with that of a specific stratigraphic horizon within the upper part of theKaolishaniaZone, Stage 9 of the Cambrian System, Furongian Epoch of the North China block, and thus represents the youngest Cambrian sedimentary rocks yet known from the Himalaya. The faunal similarity suggests proximity between North China and the Himalayan margin at this time. This unit was deposited in a predominantly storm-influenced shelf and shoreface environment. U–Pb geochronological data from detrital zircon grains from the fossil-bearing beds of the Quartzite Formation and strata of the underlying Deshichiling Formation show grain age spectra consistent with those from Cambrian rocks of the Lesser and Tethyan Himalaya in Tibet, India and Pakistan. These data support continuity of the northern Gondwanan margin across the Himalaya. Prominent peaks of approximately 500 Ma zircons in both the Quartzite and Deshichiling formations are consistent with the Furongian (late Cambrian) age assignment for these strata. The presence of these relatively young zircon populations implies rapid post-cooling erosion of igneous bodies and subsequent deposition which may reflect the influence of a widespread Cambro-Ordovician orogenic event evident in the western Himalaya.
Studies on ultrasmall bacteria in relation to the presence of bacteria in the stratosphere
Authors: Alshammari Fawaz , Wainwright Milton , Alabri Khalid , Alharbi Sulamain A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRecent studies confirm that bacteria exist in the stratosphere. It is generally assumed that these bacteria are exiting from Earth, although it is possible that some are incoming from space. Most stratospheric bacterial isolates belong to the spore-forming genusBacillus, although non-spore formers have also been isolated. Theoretically, the smaller a bacterium is, the more likely it is to be carried from Earth to the stratosphere. Ultrasmall bacteria have been frequently isolated from Earth environments, but not yet from the stratosphere. This is an anomalous situation, since we would expect such small bacteria to be over represented in the stratosphere-microflora. Here, we show that ultrasmall bacteria are present in the environment on Earth (i.e. in seawater and rainwater) and discuss the paradox of why they have not been isolated from the stratosphere.
Triton X-100 concentration effects on membrane permeability of a single HeLa cell by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM)
Authors: Koley Dipankar , Bard Allen J. 
Published: September 2010

Changes in HeLa cell morphology, membrane permeability, and viability caused by the presence of Triton X-100 (TX100), a nonionic surfactant, were studied by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). No change in membrane permeability was found at concentrations of 0.15 mM or lower during an experimental period of 30 to 60 min. Permeability of the cell membrane to the otherwise impermeable, highly charged hydrophilic molecule ferrocyanide was seen starting at concentrations of TX100 of about 0.17 mM. This concentration level of TX100 did not affect cell viability. Based on a simulation model, the membrane permeability for ferrocyanide molecules passing though the live cell membrane was 6.5 ± 2.0 × 10
-6
m/s. Cells underwent irreversible permeabilization of the membrane and structural collapse when the TX100 concentration reached the critical micelle concentration (CMC), in the range of 0.19 to 0.20 mM. The impermeability of ferrocyanide molecules in the absence of surfactant was also used to determine the height and diameter of a single living cell with the aid of the approach curve and probe scan methods in SECM.
A unified index of sequence quality and contig overlap for DNA barcoding
Authors: Little Damon P. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Summary: Barcode quality index (B) is a novel, unified measure of sequence quality and contig overlap tailored to the needs of DNA barcoding. Re-analysis of published data demonstrates the utility of B.
Availability and Implementation: A GPL PERL script is available for download (http://www.nybg.org/files/scientists/dlittle/B.html).
Contact: dlittle@nybg.org
Acute pulmonary oedema: clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and in‐hospital management
Authors: Parissis John T. , Nikolaou Maria , Mebazaa Alexandre , Ikonomidis Ignatios , Delgado Juan , Vilas‐Boas Fabio , Paraskevaidis Ioannis , Mc Lean Antony , Kremastinos Dimitrios , Follath Ferenc 
Published: September 2010

AimsAcute pulmonary oedema (APE) is the second, after acutely decompensated chronic heart failure (ADHF), most frequent form of acute heart failure (AHF). This subanalysis examines the clinical profile, prognostic factors, and management of APE patients (n = 1820, 36.7%) included in the Acute Heart Failure Global Survey of Standard Treatment (ALARM‐HF).Methods and resultsALARM‐HF included a total of 4953 patients hospitalized for AHF in Europe, Latin America, and Australia. The final diagnosis was made at discharge, and patients were classified according to European Society of Cardiology guidelines. Patients with APE had higher in‐hospital mortality (7.4 vs. 6.0%, P = 0.057) compared with ADHF patients (n = 1911, 38.5%), and APE patients exhibited higher systolic blood pressures (P < 0.001) at admission and higher left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, P < 0.01) than those with ADHF. These patients also had a higher prevalence of diabetes (P < 0.01), arterial hypertension (P < 0.001), peripheral vascular disease (P < 0.001), and chronic renal disease (P < 0.05). They were also more likely to receive intravenous (i.v.) diuretics (P < 0.001), i.v. nitrates (P < 0.01), dopamine (P < 0.05), and non‐invasive ventilation (P < 0.001). Low systolic blood pressure (P < 0.001), low LVEF (<0.05), serum creatinine ≥1.4 mg/dL (P < 0.001), history of cardiomyopathy (P < 0.05), and previous cardiovascular event (P < 0.001) were independently associated with increased in‐hospital mortality in the APE population.ConclusionAPE differs in clinical profile, in‐hospital management, and mortality compared with ADHF. Admission characteristics (systolic blood pressure and LVEF), renal function, and history may identify high‐risk APE patients.
A FIELD GUIDE TO THE RECORDING OF PARASITIC INFESTATION OF GAME ANIMALS
Authors: Sachs R. , Debbie J. G. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYThe importance of a survey of parasites in various game areas in East Africa is outlined both from the point of view of understanding the ecosystem and of exploiting its productivity. The commonly‐encountered parasites are described and their normal locations in the host are given. Standard ways of classifying and assessing the degree of infestation by these major parasites are suggested, and the most appropriate manner of preserving specimens for subsequent examination is noted. A check‐sheet for the recording of parasites in a post‐mortem examination of game animals is included. Such a check‐sheet, completed as suggested, together with adequate well‐labelled collections, should be of great value in building up a general picture of the incidence and degree of parasitic infestation of various host animals in East African game areas.
THE PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF IMPLEMENTING A CONTROLLED BURNING SCHEME IN THE KIDEPO VALLEY NATIONAL PARK (SECOND YEAR OF OPERATION)
Authors: Ross I. C. , Harrington G. N. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYA controlled burning scheme, in conjunction with experimental plots, was necessary in order to investigate the effects of fire on tree regeneration in an area which otherwise suffers frequent uncontrolled fires and where an important tree species, Acacia gerrardii Benth.var. gerrardii, was failing to regenerate.The second year's results are described. The scheme was not successful in excluding uncontrolled fires. However, further experience, indicating yet more problems, was gained.
BLACK RHINOCEROS IMMOBILIZATION UTILIZING A NEW TRANQUILLIZING AGENT
Authors: Denney Richard N. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYEleven black rhinoceroses were successfully immobilized, ten of them in the Arusha Chini area of Tanzania and one, a penned animal, near Nairobi. Of the total number, two were immobilized with Etorphine hydrochloride (M. 99) and acetylpromazine; six with a combination of Etorphine, acetylpromazine and a new tranquillizer, Azaperone; and three with Etorphine and Azaperone. In addition, one attempt at immobilization with a relatively new analgesic, Fentanyl, was not satisfactory at the dosage used, the animal being immobilized later with Etorphine and included in the eleven rhino described. Injection was accomplished on the ten Tanzania animals with Cap‐Chur equipment from a helicopter, and on the penned animal with a hand syringe. Specimens and data were collected from the immobilized rhino. They were then loaded into crates, given an antidote (nalorphine hydrobromide) intramuscularly, and then trucked to points of release or to holding pens. Immobilization data, weights, sexes, relative ages, rectal temperatures, respiratory rates and pulse rates are tabulated.
Influence of different degrees of liver impairment on the pharmacokinetics of clazosentan
Authors: Bruderer Shirin , Detishin Victor , Tsvitbaum Nahum , Dingemanse Jasper 
Published: September 2010

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • Clazosentan is a selective endothelin A receptor antagonist, formulated for parenteral use, which is in clinical development for the treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.• The human ADME study showed that most of clazosentan is excreted via the biliary route.• The pharmacokinetics (PK) of clazosentan are similar in healthy subjects and those with severe renal impairment. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS • The results of the present study showed that there was an increase in the exposure to clazosentan with increasing severity of liver impairment. Changes in PK in subjects with mild liver impairment compared with healthy subjects are unlikely to be clinically relevant.• There are significant differences in the PK parameters of clazosentan in subjects with moderate and severe liver impairment compared with healthy subjects.• The results of this study will allow confident dosing of clazosentan in individuals with moderate and severe liver impairment.AIM To investigate the effect of mild, moderate and severe liver impairment on the pharmacokinetics (PK), tolerability and safety of clazosentan, an intravenous endothelin receptor antagonist.METHODS Healthy subjects with normal liver function (n= 8), subjects with mild (Child Pugh A, n= 8), and with moderate (Child‐Pugh B, n= 8) liver impairment received a continuous intravenous infusion of 1 mg h−1 and subjects with severe liver impairment (Child Pugh C, n= 8) received a continuous intravenous infusion of 0.5 mg h−1 clazosentan for a duration of 6 h. The pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of clazosentan were determined by both model‐independent and model‐dependent methods.RESULTS Mean plasma concentrations of clazosentan increased with increasing severity of liver impairment. Geometric means of area under the plasma concentration–time curve from 0 to infinity (AUC(0,∞)) were 1.41‐ (90% CI 1.04, 1.90), 2.37‐ (90% CI 1.75, 3.19), and 3.79‐ (90% CI 2.81, 5.11) fold higher in subjects with mild, moderate and severe liver impairment, respectively, compared with healthy subjects. Similar results were obtained by non‐compartmental and two‐compartmental analysis. A significant positive correlation between clazosentan AUC(0,∞) and Child‐Pugh score (r= 0.83), bilirubin (r= 0.78) and prothrombin time (r= 0.62), and a significant negative correlation with albumin concentrationl (r= 0.71) was observed. Administration of clazosentan was well tolerated in all groups.CONCLUSIONS The increase in exposure to clazosentan in Child‐Pugh A patients is not expected to be clinically relevant and no dose adjustment for these patients is proposed. It is recommended to reduce the dose of clazosentan to half in Child‐Pugh B and to one fourth in Child‐Pugh C patients.
High‐affinity immunoglobulin E receptor expression is increased in large and small airways in fatal asthma
Authors: Den Otter I. , Silva L. F. F. , Carvalho A. L. N. , Pires‐Neto R. C. , Annoni R. , Ferreira D. S. , Bajema I. , Van Schadewijk A. , Rabe K. F. , Dolhnikoff M. , Sterk P. J. , Hiemstra P. S. , Mauad T. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryBackground
IgE and its high‐affinity receptor FcɛRI play an important role in allergy and asthma. The distribution of FcɛRI expression in the airways and within the airway wall, however, is largely unknown.Objective
In this study, we aimed to map the distribution of FcɛRI in different layers of large airways (LA) and small airways (SA) in lung tissue from non‐smoking and smoking patients who died of asthma [fatal asthma (FA)] and non‐smoking controls (CTR).Methods
Postmortem lung tissue from 24 cases of non‐smoking FA, 13 smoking FA patients and from 19 subjects who died of non‐pulmonary causes (CTR) was immunohistochemically stained for FcɛRI and AA1 (mast cell tryptase marker). The expression of these markers was analysed in inner, muscle, and outer layers of both LA and SA by image analysis.Results
FcɛRI expression was higher in non‐smoking and smoking FA compared with CTR in the inner and outer layer of SA. In the outer layer of LA, FcɛRI expression was higher in non‐smoking FA compared with CTR. AA1 was higher in non‐smoking FA compared with smoking FA and CTR in the outer layer of the SA, which was correlated with FcɛRI in this layer.Conclusion
Our results show that the expression of FcɛRI is higher in both LA and SA in FA compared with CTR. These differences are predominantly found in the outer layer where they can be attributed in part to the increased mast cell numbers. These results indicate an increased capacity to mount IgE‐mediated reactions in FA, both in LA and SA. Cite this as: I. den Otter, L. F. F. Silva, A. L. N. Carvalho, R. C. Pires‐Neto, R. Annoni, D. S. Ferreira, I. Bajema, A. van Schadewijk, K. F. Rabe, M. Dolhnikoff, P. J. Sterk, P. S. Hiemstra and T. Mauad, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 1473–1481.