bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abnormal eye movements increase as motor disabilities and cognitive impairments become more evident in Multiple Sclerosis: A novel eye-tracking study
Authors: Gerardo Fernández , Bárbara Eizaguirre , Cecilia Gonzalez , Aldana Marinangeli , Natalia Ciufia , Lucia Bacigalupe , Silva Berenice , Leila Cohen , Cecilia Pita , Orlando Garcea , Magdalena Casas , Luciana Lazaro , Gabriel Pardo , Ricardo Alonso 
Published: May 2024

Background Eye movements can reflect brain alterations and inform on the presence of motor disabilities and cognitive impairments in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Objective The aim of the study was to determine the correlation between motor and cognitive measurements and eye movement parameters when performing the n-back task (NBKT). Methods This was a cross-sectional study carried out at Ramos Mejía Hospital, a center specialized in demyelinating diseases in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The study population consisted of 66 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and 5 patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS). pwMS performed the n-back test while using a device head mounted display (HMD) with eyetracking capabilities in order to capture eye movement. Clinical motor and cognitive measures were assessed with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Nine Hole Peg Test (NHPT), Timed 25-Foot Walk (T25FW), and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). Results pwMS showed strong and statistically significant correlations between gaze duration; number of fixations, saccade amplitude and motor disabilities and cognitive impairments as measured by EDSS, NHPT, T25FW, and SDMT. Conclusion This study found significant correlations between eye movement behavior and motor and cognitive disability in pwMS. These findings suggest that eye movements have the potential to be used as a surrogate biomarker in MS progression.
Sociology of Education in China in the New Era: Review and Prospects (2012–2022)
Authors: Cheng (程天君) Tianjun , Li (李晓萱) Xiaoxuan 
Published: May 2024

Purpose This study provides an overview of the changes and developments of the sociology of education in China as it enters the new era as well as its future outlook. Design/Approach/Methods This study combed and analyzed research in the field of the sociology of education in China during the period from 2012 to 2022 on three issues—educational fairness, rural education, and educational reform—to clarify the field's research characteristics and trends. Findings In the new era, scholarship on the sociology of education has shifted to focus on achieving high-quality education, modernization, and digitization as new avenues for promoting educational fairness, rural education, and educational reform. As a result, research on the sociology of education in China has employed broader perspectives, adopted a more reflexive approach toward research objects, and embraced more humanistic values. Originality/Value This study compiles research on the sociology of education in China in the new era and identifies that the field is moving toward a highly integrative approach. The findings provide useful references for learning and understanding the sociology of education in China.
The relationship between burnout syndrome and emotional intelligence in anesthesiologists during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Bagatini Airton , Bumaguin Daniela Benzano , Bagatini Lorenzo Zambenedetti , Ardais Ana Paula 
Published: May 2024

Background Burnout, a type of long-lasting work-related stress, is highly prevalent among health professionals. It includes dimensions of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low professional achievement. Emotional intelligence is the ability to accurately perceive, evaluate, and express emotions, to perceive and/or produce feelings that facilitate thought, to understand emotion and acquire emotional knowledge, and to control emotions in order to promote emotional and intellectual growth. Among the extensive literature on burnout, no studies have measured its prevalence among anesthesiologists in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies on the association between emotional intelligence and burnout are also scarce in this population. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of burnout in anesthesiologists at a hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic and to assess its association with emotional intelligence. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in a large private hospital in southern Brazil. A non-probabilistic convenience sample of anesthesiologists was selected from a hospital's clinical staff. Via Google Forms, participants responded to an anonymous self-applied self-explanatory questionnaire with sections on sociodemographic data, burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory), and emotional intelligence (Wong and Law's Emotional Intelligence Scale). Descriptive analysis of the variables was performed and the association between burnout and emotional intelligence was evaluated using the Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficient, depending on data distribution. Results A burnout prevalence of 8.1% was found, as well as a strong negative correlation between total burnout scores and emotional intelligence. Conclusions According to the regression analysis, emotional intelligence can be considered an independent factor associated with this outcome.
Clinico-demographic Profile of Patients Receiving Permanent Pacemakers as Bradyarrhythmia Therapy: The Srinagar Registry
Authors: Muzamil Mudasir , Dar Mohd Iqbal , Sheikh Jan Mohd , Rashid Aamir , Hafeez Imran , Lone Ajaz A. , Rather Hilal A. 
Published: May 2024

Introduction Cardiac conduction disorders can interrupt the normal electrical conduction in the heart and cause a decrease or cessation of pulse generation and a fall in organ perfusion in the body. This can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. This study was conceived to illustrate the clinical profile, presentation, management, and complications of bradyarrhythmia therapy in this population. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study included prospective and retrospective data over a period of 16 years. All patient’s demographic data and data of any complications and adverse outcomes were documented. Results A total of 3489 cases having permanent pacemakers (PPMs) implanted in them were included in this study. There were 2254 (64.6%) men and 1235 (35.4%) were women. Age of the patients ranged from 25 to 100 years with a mean age of 62.9 ± 11.14 years. Mean ejection fraction of patients was 59.3 ± 2.57%. The indication for PPM implantation was complete heart block in 2079 (59.6%), sick sinus syndrome in 422 (12.1%), Mobitz type 2 heart block in 345 (9.9%), symptomatic left bundle branch block in 295 (8.5%), symptomatic bifasicular block in 176 (5.0%), symptomatic trifascicular block in 109 (3.1%), vasovagal syncope with symptomatic sinus bradycardia in 21 (0.6%), left anterior hemiblock with syncope in 3 (0.1%), and atrial fibrillation with heart block in 11 (0.3%) patients. Cardiac syncope was presented in 80%, presyncope in 15%, and 5% presented with features of chronotropic incompetence. No significant seasonal variation was observed in the incidence of PPM implantation. Single-chamber PPM was implanted in 58.8% and dual-chamber PPM in 41.2% of the cases. PPM-related complications were seen in 139 (3.98%) of the cases. Pneumothorax was seen in 21 (0.6%) of the cases, lead displacement in 39 (1.12%), lead replacement in 31 (0.89%), pocket site infection in 20 (0.57%), generator extrusion in 25 (0.70%), and lead extrusion in 3 (0.08%). Conclusion Conduction disorders affect men more than women and complete heart block is the most common form of conduction disorder in our population. There has been a significant improvement in bradyarrhythmia detection and its management, leading to wider penetration and safety of device therapy provided to the patient population.
AMPK drives both glycolytic and oxidative metabolism in murine and human T cells during graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Ramgopal Archana , Braverman Erica L. , Sun Lee-Kai , Monlish Darlene , Wittmann Christopher , Kemp Felicia , Qin Mengtao , Ramsey Manda J. , Cattley Richard , Hawse William , Byersdorfer Craig A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Allogeneic T cells reprogram their metabolism during acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in a process involving the cellular energy sensor adenosine monophosphate (AMP)–activated protein kinase (AMPK). Deletion of AMPK in donor T cells limits GVHD but still preserves homeostatic reconstitution and graft-versus-leukemia effects. In the current studies, murine AMPK knock-out (KO) T cells decreased oxidative metabolism at early time points posttransplant and lacked a compensatory increase in glycolysis after inhibition of the electron transport chain. Immunoprecipitation using an antibody specific to phosphorylated targets of AMPK determined that AMPK modified interactions of several glycolytic enzymes including aldolase, enolase, pyruvate kinase M, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), with enzyme assays confirming impaired aldolase and GAPDH activity in AMPK KO T cells. Importantly, these changes in glycolysis correlated with both an impaired ability of AMPK KO T cells to produce significant amounts of interferon gamma upon antigenic restimulation and a decrease in the total number of donor CD4 T cells recovered at later times posttransplant. Human T cells lacking AMPK gave similar results, with glycolytic compensation impaired both in vitro and after expansion in vivo. Xenogeneic GVHD results also mirrored those of the murine model, with reduced CD4/CD8 ratios and a significant improvement in disease severity. Together these data highlight a significant role for AMPK in controlling oxidative and glycolytic metabolism in both murine and human T cells and endorse further study of AMPK inhibition as a potential clinical target for future GVHD therapies.
Optimization of older adults by a geriatric assessment–guided multidisciplinary clinic before CAR T-cell therapy
Authors: Yates Samuel J. , Cursio John F. , Artz Andrew , Kordas Keriann , Bishop Michael R. , Derman Benjamin A. , Kosuri Satyajit , Riedell Peter A. , Kline Justin , Jakubowiak Andrzej , Mortel Mylove , Johnson Shalitha , Nawas Mariam T. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The optimal means of assessing candidacy of older adults (≥65 years) for chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy are unknown. We explored the role of a geriatric assessment (GA)–guided multidisciplinary clinic (GA-MDC) in selecting and optimizing older adults for CAR-T. Sixty-one patients were evaluated in a GA-MDC (median age, 73 years; range, 58-83). A nonbinding recommendation (“proceed” or “decline”) regarding suitability for CAR-T was provided for each patient based on GA results. Fifty-three patients ultimately received CAR-T (proceed, n = 47; decline, n = 6). Among patients who received B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)–directed (n = 11) and CD19-directed CAR-T (n = 42), the median overall survival (OS) was 14.2 months and 16.6 months, respectively. GA uncovered high rates of geriatric impairment among patients proceeding to CAR-T therapy, with fewer impairments in those recommended “proceed.” Patients recommended “proceed” had shorter median length of stay (17 vs 31 days; P = .05) and lower rates of intensive care unit admission (6% vs 50%; P = .01) than those recommended “decline.” In patients receiving CD19- and BCMA–directed CAR-T therapy, a “proceed” recommendation was associated with superior OS compared with “decline” (median, 16.6 vs 11.4 months [P = .02]; and median, 16.4 vs 4.2 months [P = .03], respectively). When controlling for Karnofsky performance status, C-reactive protein, and lactate dehydrogenase at time of lymphodepletion, the GA-MDC treatment recommendation remained prognostic for OS (hazard ratio, 3.26; P = .04). Patients optimized via the GA-MDC without serious vulnerabilities achieved promising outcomes, whereas patients with high vulnerability experienced high toxicity and poor outcomes after CAR-T therapy.
PTCy vs CNI–based GVHD prophylaxis in HLA-matched transplants for Hodgkin lymphoma: a study of the LWP of the EBMT
Authors: Montoro Juan , Ngoya Maud , Kulagin Alexander , Giebel Sebastian , Broers Annoek E. C. , Bramanti Stefania , Halahleh Khalid , Pérez-Simón Jose A. , Solano Carlos , Ozcelik Tulay , Blaise Didier , Sanz Jaime , Henriques Marta , Peffault de Latour Régis , Martino Rodrigo , Scheid Christof , Fox Laura , Gromek Tomasz , Jurado Manuel , Sakellari Ioanna , Van Gorkom Gwendolyn , Matteucci Paola , Nagler Arnon , Koc Yener , Glass Bertram 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Studies comparing the efficacy of posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) to conventional calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)–based graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis regimens in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) are scarce. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of patients with HL undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from HLA-matched donors who received GVHD prophylaxis with either PTCy- or conventional CNI-based regimens, using data reported in the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation database between January 2015 and December 2022. Among the cohort, 270 recipients received conventional CNI-based prophylaxis and 176 received PTCy prophylaxis. Notably, PTCy prophylaxis was associated with delayed hematopoietic recovery but also with a lower risk of chronic (25% vs 43%; P &lt; .001) and extensive chronic GVHD (13% vs 28%; P = .003) compared with the CNI-based cohort. The 2-year cumulative incidence of nonrelapse mortality and relapse was 11% vs 17% (P = .12) and 17% vs 30% (P = .007) for PTCy- and CNI-based, respectively. Moreover, the 2-year overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and GVHD-free, relapse-free survival (GRFS) were all significantly better in the PTCy group compared with the CNI-based group: 85% vs 72% (P = .005), 72% vs 53% (P &lt; .001), and 59% vs 31% (P &lt; .001), respectively. In multivariable analysis, PTCy was associated with a lower risk of chronic and extensive chronic GVHD, reduced relapse, and better OS, PFS, and GRFS than the CNI-based platform. Our findings suggest that PTCy as GVHD prophylaxis offers more favorable outcomes than conventional CNI-based prophylaxis in adult patients with HL undergoing HSCT from HLA-matched donors.
Airway IL-1β is related to disease severity and mucociliary function in bronchiectasis
Authors: Perea Lidia , Bottier Mathieu , Cant Erin , Richardson Hollian , Dicker Alison J. , Shuttleworth Morven , Giam Yan Hui , Abo-Leyah Hani , Finch Simon , Huang Jeffrey T-J. , Shteinberg Michal , Goeminne Pieter C. , Polverino Eva , Altenburg Josje , Blasi Francesco , Welte Tobias , Aliberti Stefano , Sibila Oriol , Chalmers James D. , Shoemark Amelia 
Published: May 2024

RationaleThe inflammasome is a key regulatory complex of the inflammatory response leading to interleukin-1β (IL-1β) release and activation. IL-1β amplifies inflammatory responses and induces mucus secretion and hyperconcentration in other diseases. The role of IL-1β in bronchiectasis has not been investigated.ObjectivesTo characterise the role of airway IL-1β in bronchiectasis, including the association with mucus properties, ciliary function, airway inflammation, microbiome and disease severity.MethodsStable bronchiectasis patients were enrolled in an international cohort study (n=269). IL-1β was measured in sputum supernatant. A validation cohort also had sputum rheology and hydration measured (n=53). For analysis, patients were stratified according to the median value of IL-1β in the population (highversuslow) to compare disease severity, airway infection, microbiome (16S rRNA sequencing), inflammation and caspase-1 activity. Primary human nasal epithelial cells grown in air–liquid interface culture were used to study the effect of IL-1β on cilia function.ResultsPatients with high sputum IL-1β had more severe disease, increased caspase-1 activity and an increased T-helper type 1, T-helper type 2 and neutrophil inflammatory response compared with patients with low IL-1β. The active-dominant form of IL-1β was associated with increased disease severity. High IL-1β was related to higher relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the microbiome and increased mucus solid content and viscoelastic properties. Chronic IL-1β treatment reduced the functionality of cilia and tight junctions of epithelial cellsin vitro.ConclusionsA subset of stable bronchiectasis patients show increased airway IL-1β, suggesting pulmonary inflammasome activation is linked with more severe disease, airway infection, mucus dehydration and epithelial dysfunction.
Factors predicting resolution of left ventricular thrombus in different time windows after myocardial infarction
Authors: Lu Zhen , Song Bingxue , Liu Xin , Zhang Ning , Li Fuhai , Xu Fengqiang , Lian Zhexun , Guo Junjie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Left ventricular thrombus (LVT) is a serious complication after myocardial infarction. However, due to its asymptomatic nature, early detection is challenging. We aimed to explore the differences in clinical correlates of LVT found in acute to subacute and chronic phases of myocardial infarction.

Methods
We collected data from 153 patients who were diagnosed with LVT after myocardial infarction at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2013 to December 2022. Baseline information, inflammatory markers, transthoracic echocardiograph (TTE) data and other clinical correlates were collected. Patients were categorized into acute to subacute phase group (< 30 days) and chronic phase group (30 days and after) according to the time at which echocardiograph was performed. The resolution of thrombus within 90 days is regarded as the primary endpoint event. We fitted logistic regression models to relating clinical correlates with phase-specific thrombus resolution.

Results
For acute to subacute phase thrombus patients: C-reactive protein levels (OR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.918–0.983, p = 0.003) were significantly associated with thrombus resolution. For chronic phase thrombus patients: anticoagulant treatment was associated with 5.717-fold odds of thrombus resolution (OR: 5.717, 95% CI: 1.543–21.18, p = 0.009).

Conclusions
Higher levels of CRP were associated with lower likelihood of LVT resolution in acute phase myocardial infarction; Anticoagulant therapy is still needed for thrombus in the chronic stage of myocardial infarction.
HF Etiology and cardiac contractility modulation therapy
Authors: Davtyan Karapet , Chugunov Ivan , Topchyan Arpi , Mareev Yury , Mironova Natalia , Rimskaya Elena , Golitsyn Sergey , Mikhaylov Evgeny , Lebedev Dmitry , Vander Marianna , Lyasnikova Elena , Sitnikova Maria , Minjia Khatuna , Glembo Svetlana , Sukhorukov Oleg 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Our study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) therapy in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) depending on HF etiology.

Methods
We enrolled 166 patients with optimal medical therapy-resistant HFrEF (median age 59 years, 83.7% males, median NYHA class − 2, median left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) − 29.0%) who underwent CCM therapy device implantation from 2013 to 2019 in four medical centers in Russia. The HF etiology was determined based on invasive coronary angiography or cardiac MRI data. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), 6-minute walking test (6MWT), and NTproBNP-tests were performed at a baseline and 12 months after the implantation.

Results
The ischemic etiology of HF was revealed in 100 patients (61.5%) (ICM group); the non-ischemic group (NICM) evolved 66 patients (38.5%). Patients in the ICM group were significantly older (61[57–69] vs. 55 [42.8–61], p < 0.001), more frequently had hypertension (79% vs. 42.4%, p < 0.001) and chronic kidney disease (43% vs. 22.7%, p = 0.012). Patients in the NICM group had significantly more often atrial fibrillation (AF) (58% vs. 74%, p = 0.048), larger end-diastolic volume (EDV) (249 [208–309] vs. 220 [192–271], p = 0.019) and end-systolic volume (ESV) (183 [147–230] vs. 154 [128–199], p = 0.003). There were no significant differences in mortality between ICM and NICM groups (14.4 vs. 10.8%, p = 0.51). In 12 months, there was a significant increase in LVEF in the NICM group (+ 2.0 [2–6] vs. +7.7 [2–12], p < 0.001), while the improvement in the 6MWT (+ 75 [22–108] vs. +80 [10–160], p = 0.851) and NYHA class did not reach the level of significance. The subanalysis between patients with improved NYHA class and those without improvement revealed that patients without improvement more frequently had AF (56% vs. 89%; p < 0.01), chronic obstructive lung disease (18% vs. 35% p = 0.047), higher blood pressure (110 [105–120] vs. 120[110–129]; p = 0.032).

Conclusion
In this multicenter retrospective study, patients with non-ischemic HFrEF showed a significantly higher improvement in LVEF and LV reverse remodeling following CCM therapy device implantation. There was no significant association between HF etiology and survival in drug-resistant HFrEF patients following CCM therapy.
Patient safety incidents in Irish general practice during the COVID-19 pandemic: an exploratory practice level analysis
Authors: Garzón-Orjuela Nathaly , Collins Claire , Willems Sara , Van Poel Esther , Vellinga Akke 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Patient safety is defined as the prevention of harm to patients and aims to prevent errors. This analysis explores factors associated with the reported occurrence of patient safety incidents (PSIs) in general practices in Ireland at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
The PRICOV-19 was a cross-sectional study to record the (re)organisation of care provided in general practice and changes implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic in 38 countries. Primary outcomes include three potential scenarios of PSIs: delayed care due to practice factors, delayed care due to patient factors, and delayed care due to triage. Exploratory variables included demographic and organisational characteristics, triage, collaboration, and strategies to safeguard staff members’ well-being.

Results
Of the 172 participating Irish general practices, 71% (n = 122) recorded at least one potential PSI. The most frequent incident was delayed care due to patient factors (65%), followed by practice (33%) and triage (30%). Multivariate analysis showed that delayed care due to patient factors was associated with changes in the process of repeat prescriptions (OR 6.7 [CI 95% 2.5 to 19.6]). Delayed care due to practice factors was associated with suburbs/small towns (OR 4.2 [1.1 to 19.8]) and structural changes to the reception (OR 3.5 [1.2 to 11.4]). While delayed care due to patient factors was associated with having a practice population of 6000–7999 patients (OR 4.7 [1.1 to 27.6]) and delayed care due to practice factors was associated with having a practice population of 2000–3999 patients (OR 4.2 [1.2 to 17.1]). No linear associations were observed with higher or lower patient numbers for any factor. Delayed care due to triage was not associated with any exploratory variables.

Conclusion
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in dramatic changes in the delivery of care through general practices in Ireland. Few factors were associated with the reported occurrence of PSIs, and these did not show consistent patterns. Sustained improvements were made in relation to repeat prescriptions. The lack of consistent patterns, potentially confirms that the autonomous decisions made in general practice in response to the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic could have benefitted patient safety (See Graphical abstract).

Graphical Abstract