bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated sensing device for irrigation scheduling: field evaluation and crop water stress index estimation of wheat
Authors: Kumari Arti , Singh D. K. , Sarangi A. , Hasan Murtaza , Sehgal Vinay Kumar , Kumar Soora Naresh , Verghese Cini 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

An integrated sensing device for irrigation scheduling was developed to assess the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum for irrigation scheduling. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate ISDI performance and CWSI estimation across various irrigation regimes in wheat crop at WTC farm, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, India. The experiment considered were full irrigation (FI) and various deficit irrigation levels (DI-15, DI-30, DI-45, and DI-60), receiving 15, 30, 45, and 60% less water in comparison to FI, respectively. The calibration and performance of the ISDI sensor probes was done with gravimetric methods along with time domain reflectometry (TDR) and a handheld infrared thermometer. The field calibration of the ISDI's soil moisture probe and TDR gave promising results, with R2 values ranging from 0.76 to 0.81 and 0.81 to 0.86, respectively, for soil depths up to 45 cm. ISDI's infrared sensor probe also demonstrated strong alignment with a handheld infrared thermometer (R2: 0.95), indicating reliable methods. Furthermore, a regression equation of lower baseline and upper threshold for CWSI computation was derived as (Tc–Ta)ll = 1.97 × VPD – 1.43 (R2:0.86) and 1.93 °C, respectively. It was recommended to initiate irrigation when CWSI ≥ 0.35 for wheat to achieve optimal crop yields.
Clustering of small watersheds in hilly areas based on complex network theory and similarity analysis
Authors: Li Dongyun , Sang Guoqing , Wang Haijun , Liu Yang , Wang Weilin 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Clustering analysis of small watersheds is an effective tool for identifying the similarity of runoff generation and concentration. In this paper, 545 small watersheds in the hilly areas of Shandong Province were investigated, and 12 indicators representing their climate and subsurface characteristics were selected to identify communities based on hydrological similarity. We further analyzed the hydrological connections among the small watersheds within each community using three indicators (network mean, centrality, and k-core). Finally, the clustering results were evaluated on the basis of the small watershed flood peak modulus. The results of this complex network method indicate that the study area contained six large communities and nine small communities. The community-clustering results were reasonable and showed the interconnectedness of the watersheds within each community. The three network indicators adequately described the degree of similarity, the representativeness of the watersheds, and the spatial scales of similar hydrological features. This method should be helpful for addressing the issue of parameter transplantation in ungauged watersheds and implementation of a flood risk management strategy.
Quality assessment using water quality indicators with geospatial analysis of groundwater quality El-Oued region, Northern Sahara, Algeria
Authors: Abdessattar Ammari , Fadhila Fartas , Kateb Samir 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

The present study was carried out to assess groundwater quality in two layers (Albian and complex terminal) intended for irrigation, to identify their original chemical composition and overall risk by different attack techniques in the province of El-Oued. Eleven physico-chemical parameters were measured at 16 locations. Emphasis was placed on the selection of irrigation water quality index (IWQI) inputs through the application of multivariate statistical analysis, the estimation of various classical irrigation indices, and the integration of geographic information systems. The results of the IWQI, sodium adsorption ratio, Kelly index, permeability index, residual sodium carbonate and magnesium hazard showed that the majority of groundwater samples were classified for irrigation purposes in the following categories: severely restricted (100%), low sodium and excellent (100%), good (93.75%), marginally safe (100%), good (100%) and suitable (81.25%), respectively. In addition, the majority of selected samples were classified as “good to eligible for irrigation” based on %Na as shown in the distribution map. Whereas the principal component analysis results show that the four factors together explain 72.74% of the total variance according to the Kaiser rule. Cluster analysis divides the parameters into three groups. In summary, the combination of the geographic system and irrigation quality indices is useful for identifying irrigation zones.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Cirsium congestum Extract
Modified by Chitosan/Alginate: Bactericidal Activity against Pathogenic
Bacteria and Cytotoxicity Analysis in Normal Cell Line
Authors: Mohtashami Mahnaz , Rezagholizade-Shirvan Alieh , Hojati Bonab Zahra , Amiryousefi Mohammad Reza , Darroudi Majid , Ahmadi Solimani Mobina Sadat , Yaghoobi Sajad , Dolatabadi Samaneh , Ghasemi Ahmad , Momtazi-Borojeni Amir Abbas 
Published: April 2024

Aim:
The study aimed to determine in vitro pharmacological effects of modified Ag nanoparticles
(AgNPs).

Background:
AgNPs are considered antimicrobial agents. However, the cytotoxicity of chemically synthesized
AgNPs (cAgNPs) has raised challenges that limit their use.

Objective:
The purpose of the study was to examine the antimicrobial and cytotoxicity effects of AgNPs synthesized
using Cirsium congestum extract modified by chitosan/alginate AgNPS (Ch/ALG-gAgNPs).

Methods:
Nanoparticles were characterized using TEM, DLS, XRD, and FTIR. Resistant strains of
Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were used for the antimicrobial analysis of
Ch/ALG-gAgNPs using disc diffusion and microdilution methods. The effects of NPs on cell viability and
apoptosis in L929 normal cells were determined using MTT assay and annexin/PI staining, respectively.

Results:
Physicochemical characterizations confirmed Ch/ALG-gAgNPs to be spherical and uniformly dispersed,
and their size ranged from 50 to 500 nm. Ch/ALG-gAgNPs inhibited the growth of microbial strains in
a dose-dependent manner. The antibacterial effect of Ch/ALG-gAgNPs was significantly higher than cAgNPs.
The Ch/ALG-gAgNPs showed little cytotoxicity against normal cells at concentrations less than 50 μg/ml. Cytotoxicity
effects of Ch/ALG-gAgNP were less than cAgNPs. Flow cytometry and real-time PCR results
showed a decrease in apoptosis percentage and BAX marker in the presence of Ch/ALG-gAgNPs relative to
when the cell was treated with cAgNPs.

Conclusion:
Current findings introduce novel gAgNPs modified with chitosan/alginate for use in medicine.
Anticancer Activity and GC-MS Profiling of Bioactive Constituents in the Methanolic Extracts of Spatoglossum variabile and Gracilaria corticata
Authors: Sruthi Sekar , Ahamad Basha Shahajahan , K Kumaran , Macrin Dannie , Mythii Vijay Murali Ravi , Nagarajan Aruljothi Kandasamy 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Marine algae stand out as repositories of bioactive metabolites, widely
harnessed in treating diverse diseases. Given the often-challenging side effects associated with
conventional cancer treatments, researchers are increasingly turning their attention to marine algae
as a promising source for discovering novel and potent anticancer compounds. In this study,
we meticulously explored the potential anticancer activity of Spatoglossum variabile and
Gracilaria corticata sourced from the Indian Ocean.

Materials and Methods:
The secondary metabolites were extracted using methanol solvent according
to the standard protocol. The extract was subjected to GC-MS analysis and evaluated for
its short- and long-term cytotoxicity and anti-proliferative ability in the HCT116 cell line using
MTT, clonogenic, and trypan blue dye exclusion assays, respectively.

Results and Discussion:
The methanolic extract of Spatoglossum variabile contained 21 unique
anticancer compounds, except for the other bioactive compounds. The results indicate that increasing
the concentration of algal extracts decreased the cell viability significantly, with an IC50
of 51.49 μg/mL and 37.50 μg /mL in the HCT116 cell line. The results showed a significant reduction
in colorectal cancer colony formation and a gradual reduction in cell proliferation. These
results underscore the potential for targeted, low-toxicity biomedicines due to their selective cytotoxicity
against cancer cells.

Conclusion:
Our findings show that Spatoglosuum variabile & Gracilaria corticata extracts contain
various bioactive compounds, display long-term and short-term cytotoxicity and antiproliferative
effects, which indicates that their constituent compounds might be further refined
into effective anti-colorectal cancer medications.
Salacia reticulata: An Integrative Review of its Antioxidant, Lipid-Lowering, and Glucose-Regulating Properties in Diabetes and Obesity
Authors: Muskan  , Panwar Lakshay , Chopra Bhawna , Deswal Geeta , Singh Grewal Ajmer , Dhingra Ashwani K. , Guarve Kumar 
Published: April 2024

:
Across the globe, approximately half of the population diagnosed with diabetes use complementary
medicines for the treatment of diabetes. Salacia reticulata (family Hypocrataceae), is an
indigenous woody climber flowering plant commonly employed within the Ayurvedic healthcare
framework for addressing diabetes and obesity. It is also known as Kothala himbutu and grows in the
dry zone forests of India and Sri Lanka. It is documented to exhibit antioxidant, lipid-lowering, hypertrophy-
reducing, and fibrosis-inhibiting properties and hepatoprotective activity. We critically
analyze the available in-vitro, animal, and clinical research supporting the utilization of Salacia reticulata
in managing type 2 diabetes and obesity. Compounds that have been recognized for their
ability to counteract diabetes include salacinol, kotalanol, ponkoranol, and salaprinol. Various invitro
research depicted salacia's capacity to impede intestinal alpha-glucosidase function. Furthermore,
it enhances the breakdown of stored fat (lipolysis) and reduces insulin resistance by increasing
the production of messenger RNA for hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) as well as adiponectin, respectively,
in the mouse mesenteric fat. Salacia reticulata treatment up-regulates the lipolysis factors
while downregulating the 3T3-L1 adipocytes lipogenesis factors. Both animal studies and clinical
research consistently showed significant improvement in levels of glucose when fasting compared to
being exposed to sucrose and maltose. Furthermore, 6 weeks to 3 months of treatment showed a
substantial reduction in the HbA1c and plasma Insulin. Salacia reticulata efficiently decreases obesity
and insulin resistance while enhancing glucose metabolism therefore, more substantial evidence
derived from meticulously designed research is necessary to confirm its effectiveness and safety.
Moreover, the research aimed at improving the growth of callus, increasing polyphenolic content,
promoting mangiferin synthesis, and assessing the biological properties of the salaciagenus suggests
its potential as a valuable source for the industrial production of important industrial secondary compounds.
At the same time, data indicate cumulative knowledge, highlighting its strong antioxidant
effect and unveiling its capabilities without impacting natural reserves.
The Experience of Parents When they Find Out that their Child has Autism: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Zandi Shirdel , Jenabi Ensiyeh , Bashirian Saeed , Mohammadi Reza , Karbin Fatemeh , Khazaei Salman 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Mothers, as vital and important individuals in their children's
lives, experience various struggles, emotions, and experiences in relation to their child's
autism diagnosis. This study aims to provide an in-depth understanding of mothers'
experiences in dealing with the diagnosis of autism in their child using a
phenomenological approach.

Methods:
In this study, a qualitative phenomenological approach was used, and purposeful
sampling was employed until data saturation was achieved. The participants were selected
from mothers who sought their children's participation in rehabilitation classes at the
Autism Spectrum Disorder Research Center in Hamedan, Iran. Unstructured interviews
were conducted as the method of data collection. The descriptive method of Colaizzi was
utilized for analyzing the obtained data.

Results:
Twelve participants took part in this study. The average age of the participants
was 35.16 years. The analysis of mothers' lived experiences in dealing with their child's
autism diagnosis using a descriptive phenomenological approach revealed four main
themes: fear of the child's future, worry about social harassment, emergence of emotional
shock, and fear of trouble.

Conclusion:
The results of this study demonstrated that concern for the child's future,
worry about social harm, experiencing emotional shock, and fear of being trapped were the
major challenges faced by mothers upon learning about their child's positive autism
diagnosis. Therefore, professionals, policymakers, and regulatory organizations should pay
attention to the issues raised in parents' experiences in order to provide appropriate
healthcare services for children with autism and their families.
Pengaruh Campuran Limbah pada Pupuk Organik Cair Terhadap Dinamika Populasi Serangga Hama Kacang Tanah
Authors: Cahyaningrum Ratna Dwi , Suhartini Suhartini 
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis serangga hama yang ditemukan pada tanaman kacang tanah dan pengaruh campuran limbah sayur, buah, kotoran ternak pada pupuk organik cair terhadap dinamika populasi serangga hama tanaman kacang tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.). Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 6 perlakuan.. Serangga hama diidentifikasi hingga pada tingkat famili. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif yang meliputi indeks keanekaragaman, indeks kemerataan, indeks dominansi, indeks kekayaan,. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa didapatkan 10 famili serangga hama tanaman kacang tanah. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman Shanoon-wiener tertinggi pada perlakuan P5 yaitu (0,911) sedangkan secara keseluruhan termasuk kategori rendah. Pupuk organik cair dari variasi campuran limbah buah, sayur, dan kotoran ternak sebagai perlakukan ini tidak memberikan pengaruh yang efektif terhadap dinamika populasi serangga hama pada tanaman kacang tanah
Development of the Tourism Industry in the Regions of the Russian Federation: the Impact of the Pandemic and the Recovery Mechanism
Authors: Kotelnikov D. A. 
Published: April 2024

The relevance of the study is determined by the need to find new mechanisms for the restoration of the tourism industry, which belongs to the strategically important non-primary sectors of the national economy and in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic can become a catalyst for socio-economic development at the regional level.The purpose of the article is to identify the main trends in the development of Russian tourism at the present stage, as well as to propose an effective mechanism for the recovery of the industry, considering new trends in the domestic market of tourist services.The objectives of the study are: to determine the current state of the tourism industry in the Russian Federation, including the regional aspect; identification of the main problems inherent in the industry and hindering its dynamic and sustainable development; development of a mechanism for the recovery of the tourism industry based on the identified problems and identified new trends that have developed during the pandemic.The methodology of the research is based on the use of the system analysis method, theoretical analysis, graphical method, statistical data analysis, SWOT analysis and generalization.Results. As a result of the study, the main features of the current state of the tourism industry in our country were identified, its strengths and weaknesses, as well as opportunities and threats from the external environment were identified. The author proposes a mechanism for the restoration of the tourism industry, based on the development of a system of interregional tourist routes of a combined type, reveals the main details of this mechanism, describes the order of interaction of its structural elements.Conclusions. The results of the study showed that the development of tourism in the regions of the Russian Federation needs support from the state. At the same time, the existing support measures should be supplemented in terms of using new trends typical for the pandemic period. One of the areas for improvement is the diversification of interregional tourist routes for the types of tourism included in the tour.
Impact Assessment of Non-Radical Innovations on the Efficiency of a Higher Educational Institution (on the Example of Southwest State University)
Authors: Shleenko A. V. , Klikunov N. D. 
Published: April 2024

Relevance. Growing competition, including in the field of higher education, generates a demand for economic models that explain the factors in the formation of competitive advantages and predict the impact of non-radical innovations on prices, student recruitment and financial results.The purpose is development of a Cournot model of oligopoly competition in conditions of constant price elasticity of demand and its application to the regional higher education marketObjectives: development of a Cournot oligopoly model with constant elasticity of demand; computer modeling at different values of the marginal costs of oligopolists; application of the model to the higher education market and finding the value of the marginal cost of training an additional student; calculation of the value of the market elasticity of the training of architects; finding the expected forecast values of prices, the number of enrolled students and financial results.Methodology. The article was prepared within the framework of the positivist paradigm and the adductive approach, using the methods of mathematical modeling, comparative statics and economic analysis.Results. A model of oligopolistic competition in terms of output volumes for a situation of constant elasticity of market demand has been built; shows the impact of the introduction of non-radical innovations on economic efficiency in the context of changes in exogenous variables; calculated the value of elasticity in the regional market of educational services in the direction of "Architecture", and also the marginal costs of training a student in the direction of "Architecture"; forecasted changes in financial results in SWSU and KSU as a result of the introduction of nonradical innovation.Conclusions. Application of the model to the regional market of higher education (admission of bachelors in faculty "Architecture" at SWSU and KSU in 2020) showed the planned increase in the market share from 10,3% to 12,4% as a result of the introduction of non-radical innovations, which led to a 13% decrease radical costs. The projected increase in the net income of the innovator's organization will be from 21,2% to 49,2% in the regional higher education market ("Architecture").
Study of the Development Processes of the Modern Russian Market of Higher Education Services
Authors: Sokur A. V. , Kolmykova T. S. 
Published: April 2024

Relevance. The relevance of the research topic is determined by the changing environment, the development of forms and methods of providing educational services in the higher education market. This market is characterized by an increase in the level of competition, the development of distance learning. Currently, the most significant criterion for choosing an institution providing educational services in the field of higher education is the quality of these services, their compliance with the high level of information technology development, the requirements of the digital economy, and integration into the international labor market.The purpose is concludes in the study of the parameters of the market of higher education services, as well as an analysis of the dynamics of these indicators.The objectives of the study are presented by: developing an algorithm for analyzing the development of the higher education services market, studying the dynamics of the development of the higher education services market in the context of digitalization and identifying trends.Methodology. Includes an overview of the Russian Federation expenditures on the development of education, the dynamics of the number of institutions of higher education, the quality of education and the dynamics of the higher education distance market in Russia.The results of the study show that the main trends in the market of higher education services are a decrease in the number of higher education institutions and an increase in the share of state institutions of higher education. One of the main trends in higher education in modern conditions is the development of educational services provided in a distance format.Conclusions. The development of the digital economy has determined the main trend in the market of higher professional education services in Russia, which is characterized by the growth of implemented distance learning programs, the development of digital educational platforms, and the implementation of innovative technologies for providing e-learning services.
Regional Labor Market of it Specialists in the Conditions of Digital Transformation of the Economy and Social Sphere
Authors: Tomakova I. A. , Tomakov M. V. 
Published: April 2024

Relevance. The Russian economy is steadily moving towards digitalization. The corona virus epidemic caused a rapid pace of digitalization, accelerated the processes of automation and digitalization of the economy and social life of society.These objective processes have led to the need to access the IT labor market in order to identify trends in meeting the sharply increased demand of companies for IT specialists.The purpose of the study to assess the current situation and problems that have developed in the labor market of the Kursk region in the field of supply and demand of IT specialists.The objectives were to assess: the job market in the region, the requests and proposals of employers; the structure of vacancies; activity and portrait of applicants.Methodology. The research methodology is based on system, resource and process approaches. Traditional methods for theoretical and applied research were used - statistical analysis, indexing of information, comparison, generalization. The research material was statistical data of the federal all-Russian database of vacancies and summaries of the labor market of IT specialists.Results. Analyzed and systematized the data of the Internet recruitment portal Bounty Hunter (based on the parsing of resumes and vacancies). The analysis of the composition and structure of this part of the labor market is carried out, the indicators of supply and demand on it are compared. Studies have revealed a significant imbalance of supply and demand in the regional labor market in the IT sector, including in terms of employee specialization. There is a significant difference in professional specialization in the offers of applicants and in vacancies of potential employers.Conclusions. The demand for IT specialists has grown significantly. The lack of personnel is the main obstacle to the accelerated development of the IT sector of the region's economy. It is possible to eliminate the imbalance between supply and demand by implementing the following measures: targeted training of IT specialists for the real needs of employers; organization of additional professional education with a specific specialization; improvement of the external HR brand of companies and motivation of IT specialists.