bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minor psychiatric morbidity in employed men and women and its contribution to sickness absence
Authors: Jenkins Rachel 
Published: July 2009

SYNOPSISA pilot study is described on 41 men and women of similar age, social and educational backgrounds, in 2 working environments. The use of psychiatric interviews in such occupational settings is demonstrated to be acceptable to both management and employees. Preliminary coefficients of validity for the General Health Questionnaire are found to compare favourably with those in clinical or community settings. Though the prevalence of minor psychiatric morbidity in these small samples did not differ between the sexes, the women had twice as many spells of absence as the men. Considering women separately, minor psychiatric morbidity was found to be significantly correlated with absence. However, psychiatric illness was a less important predictor of absence in men.
Some biochemical findings during pregnancy and after delivery in relation to mood change
Authors: Ballinger C. Barbara , Kay David S. G. , Naylor Graham J. , Smith Anne H. W. 
Published: July 2009

SYNOPSISThirty-four women who had vaginal deliveries of live infants completed behavioural ratings and supplied blood and 24-hour urine samples on three occasions during pregnancy and on three occasions after delivery. Approximately one third of the women indicated a distinct upswing in mood between Days 2 and 4 following delivery. These ‘positive mood change’ subjects showed changes in urinary cyclic AMP (adenosine 3′5′ cyclic monophosphate), plasma cyclic AMP, whole blood cell cyclic AMP, whole blood cell ATP (adenosine triphosphate), haematocrit and urinary 11 OHCS (11-hydroxycortisol steroids) following delivery which were different from those observed in the rest of the subjects and comparable with the biochemical changes described during upswings in mood in short-cycle manic-depressive subjects. There was also an indication that the women showing this upswing in mood following delivery were distinct in some respects on both behavioural ratings and biochemical findings during pregnancy.
Superior olivary complex in psychotic patients
Authors: Fisman M. 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisA study of the neuropathology of the superior olivary nucleus and its relationship to schizophrenia or auditory hallucinations was undertaken. No relationship was found to exist between them, but atrophy of the superior olivary nucleus was found in all the patients who had presented with seizures during life. The aetiology of superior olivary atrophy is discussed.
Psychiatric symptom profiles of patients with epilepsy: a controlled investigation
Authors: Standage K. F. , Fenton G. W. 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisA comparison was made of the mental state of patients with chronic epilepsy and matched controls with locomotor disorders, using a reliable psychiatric interview technique. The symptom profiles of the two groups were similar. The profiles of temporal lobe and other epileptics were also similar. Epileptic patients with a high current psychiatric morbidity were characterized by a raised incidence of previous neurotic illness and raised neuroticism scores on the Eysenck Personality Inventory.
Schizophrenia and Cushing's syndrome cured by adrenalectomy
Authors: Johnson John 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisA case of Cushing's syndrome in a woman aged 50 years is described, with psychosis of schizophrenic type. The psychosis and endocrine disorder were subsequently cured by adrenalectomy. Twenty-five years previously the patient had a typical schizophrenic psychosis treated in mental hospital with deep insulin therapy and ECT. The possibility is raised that deep insulin therapy could have induced the Cushing's syndrome through its non-specific stressor effect on the pituitary-adrenal axis.
Pattern of intellectual impairment in Huntington's chorea
Authors: Aminoff M. J. , Marshall John , Smith Eileen M. , Wyke Maria A. 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisCognitive function was evaluated in 11 patients with Huntington's chorea, using eight subtests of the WAIS, and their performance was compared with that previously reported for a normal aged population. The pattern of impairment was similar in the two groups. Tests of immediate memory were given to nine of these patients, and to 10 healthy but aged subjects. In botḥ groups, there was a significant correlation between the performance of individuals in these tests and their IQ, suggesting that the choreic patients had no selective impairment of immediate memory. The clinical and psychological records of the 11 patients revealed no evidence of focal deficits, and the majority of patients were fully orientated and retained insight to their condition. These observations are discussed in relation to the pattern of intellectual impairment seen in other presenile dementias.
Sociology and the theory of responsibility: ‘social background’ as an excuse for crime
Authors: Floud Jean 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisThe concept of social abnormality can be given a fairly precise meaning and is relevant to the theory of legal responsibility. Much work, however, would need to be done before it could take its place alongside mental abnormality as an excusing condition in the courts. The implications of such a plea would, moreover, be far reaching, two of the more obvious being the individualization of excuses and the relinquishing of the general preventive possibilities of punishment.
Auditory signal detectability and facilitation of simple reaction time in psychiatric patients and non-patients
Authors: Bruder Gerard E. , Sutton Samuel , Babkoff Harvey , Gurland Barry J. , Yozawitz Allan , Fleiss Joseph L. 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisPatients diagnosed on the basis of structured interviews as having affective psychoses were less sensitive in detecting the presence of a transient auditory signal than were schizophrenic patients or non-patients. Patients with affective psychoses also benefited more (their reaction time was more reduced) than the other two groups from the presence of a second auditory transient.
Observations on the epidemiology of post partum mental illness
Authors: Grundy P. F. , Roberts C. J. 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisThis study is based on a sample of 35,486 consecutive confinements in Cardiff (1965–72) which gave rise to 67 cases of post partum mental illness. No difference was found between these cases and all resident Cardiff maternities for the same period in respect of social class, maternal parity, weight gain in pregnancy, length of gestation, birth weight, and sex of infant. A statistically significant cyclic variation in month of conception and date of birth was found with a peak frequency among conceptions in the first quarter of the year. The bearing this finding may have on the prevention of post partum mental illness and the implications of the observation that post partum mental illness and the functional psychoses have a remarkably similar temporal behaviour are discussed.
Reliability of prisoners' attitudes to their drinking behaviour
Authors: Bowden Paul 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisA sample of male prisoners was examined by means of a questionnaire and subsequently by a structured interview. Control subjects who denied heavy drinking were used to study test-retest reliability of a group who admitted that drinking was a problem and a third group who admitted heavy drinking but denied problem drinking. Non-heavy drinkers and the heaviest drinkers are shown to be the most reliable and the intermediate group least reliable.
Effects of IAA in combination with FSH on in vitro culture of ovine preantral follicles
Authors: Costa Sonia H.F. , Santos Regiane R. , Rondina Davide , Andrade Evelyn R. , Ohashi Otávio M. , Rodrigues Ana Paula R. , Figueiredo José R. 
Published: July 2009

SummaryOvarian cortical fragments from five adult ewes were in vitro cultured for 1, 3 or 5 days in the presence of minimum essential medium either supplemented or not by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (100 ng/ml) or indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (10, 20, 40 or 100 ng/ml), alone or in combination. After in vitro culture, ovarian fragments were submitted to follicular isolation and viability test was performed using trypan blue. Addition of IAA (10 ng/ml) to a free-FSH medium resulted in the highest percentages of viable follicles, but was progressively deleterious in higher concentrations (20, 40 and 100 ng/ml) if in absence of FSH. Follicular development was observed only when FSH was added to an IAA-free medium. In conclusion, IAA at a concentration of 10 ng/ml increases follicular survival in vitro. However, at high concentrations (20, 40 or 100 ng/ml), this auxin may be deleterious to preantral follicles, the addition of FSH to the medium being necessary.
Newly formed E‐cadherin contacts do not activate Cdc42 or induce filopodia protrusion in human keratinocytes1
Authors: Erasmus Jennifer , Aresta Sandra , Nola Sebastien , Caron Emmanuelle , Braga Vania M. M. 
Published: July 2009

Background information. The appropriate regulation of cell–cell adhesion is an important event in the homoeostasis of different cell types. In epithelial cells, tight adhesion mediated by E‐cadherin receptors is essential for the differentiation and functionality of epithelial sheets. Upon assembly of cadherin‐mediated cell–cell contacts, it is well established that the small GTPases Rho and Rac are activated and are necessary for junction stability. However, the role of the small GTPase Cdc42 in cadherin adhesion is less clear. Cdc42 can be activated by E‐cadherin in a breast tumour cell line, but the requirement for Cdc42 function for new junction assembly or maintenance has been contradictory. Cdc42 participation in cell–cell contacts has been inferred from the presence of filopodia, the typical F‐actin structure induced by Cdc42 activation, as cells approach each other to establish cell–cell contacts. Yet, under these conditions, the contribution of migration to filopodia protrusion cannot be excluded and the results are difficult to interpret.Results. In the present study, we set out to address (a) whether Cdc42 is activated by new E‐cadherin cell–cell contacts when junction assembly occurs without prior migration and (b) whether Cdc42 function is necessary for cadherin stability. We found that junction formation in confluent keratinocytes or upon E‐cadherin clustering decreased Cdc42‐GTP levels. In the absence of serum‐ and migration‐induced Cdc42 activation, we demonstrated that cell–cell contacts do not induce filopodia or require Cdc42 function to assemble.Conclusion. We conclude that Cdc42 does not participate in the early events that initiate stable cadherin adhesion in keratinocytes. Yet, it is feasible that Cdc42 may be activated at later time points or by other receptors. Cdc42 can then participate in additional functions during polarization, such as Golgi re‐positioning or basolateral trafficking.
How fares the ‘New Professionalism’ in schools? Findings from the ‘State of the Nation’ project
Authors: Storey Anne 
Published: July 2009

In a series of policy documents over the past decade, the idea of a ‘New Professionalism’ for teachers has been constructed. It encompasses three core components: a national framework of professional standards; performance management; and continuing professional development (CPD). The planned interplay of these components into a coherent whole has been at the heart of a reframing of the teacher's role. While much has been said about the vision in both positive and negative terms, few studies have provided empirical insight into the implementation and experience of this policy. Drawing upon the findings of a TDA‐funded nationwide (England) research project, the extent to which these ideas and policies have been adopted in practice, and what implications these actual behaviours carry for the debate about ‘New Professionalism’, are assessed.A key finding was that while the framework of professional standards and the structures of performance management processes were essentially in place, the third plinth of the New Professionalism, CPD, remains mainly as a bolt‐on, pragmatically allocated and inconsistently accessed in schools. As such, it is unable to bear the weight of what is required of it, and claimed for it. The widespread failure to tackle the strategic dimension that links performance management to CPD, to engage in criterion‐based evaluation of training or to identify appropriate development opportunities in schools, have all tended to obstruct the road to ‘New Professionalism’.
ViTraM: visualization of transcriptional modules
Authors: Sun Hong , Lemmens Karen , Bulcke Tim Van den , Engelen Kristof , Moor Bart De , Marchal Kathleen 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Motivation: We developed ViTraM, a tool that allows visualizing overlapping transcriptional modules in an intuitive way. By visualizing not only the genes and the experiments in which the genes are co-expressed, but also additional properties of the modules such as the regulators and regulatory motifs that are responsible for the observed co-expression, ViTraM can assist in the biological analysis and interpretation of the output of module detection tools.
Availability: The ViTraM software is platform-independent. The software and supplementary material are available at: http://homes.esat.kuleuven.be/∼kmarchal/ViTraM/Index.html
Contact: kathleen.marchal@biw.kuleuven.be
First Report of Natural Infection of Garlic with Iris yellow spot virus in the United States
Authors: Bag S. , Rogers P. , Watson R. , Pappu H. R. 
Published: July 2009

Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV; family Bunyaviridae, genus Tospovirus) is an important constraint to onion bulb and seed production in several onion-growing regions of the United States (1,3). While garlic (Allium sativum) was reported to be infected with IYSV in Réunion Island (4), there have been no confirmed reports of natural infection of garlic in the United States. Garlic plants showing near-diamond-shaped lesions were found in August of 2008 in Marion County, Oregon. The 0.4046-ha (1-acre) field plot consisted of various true-seeded garlic varieties and was adjacent to three onion fields that showed IYSV symptoms. Symptoms were observed on 5% of the garlic plants with most of the symptomatic plants displaying small and diffuse straw-colored spots. Seven of these symptomatic plants were selected for testing. Of these, two showed characteristic diamond-shaped, elongated, straw-colored lesions on garlic scapes. However, the lesions were more diffuse with less-defined edges compared with the characteristic diamond-shaped lesions that are often associated with IYSV infection (1). All symptomatic plants were positive for IYSV by double-antibody sandwich-ELISA with a commercially available kit (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN). To verify IYSV infection, total nucleic acid extracts from the symptomatic parts of the leaves were prepared and tested for the presence of IYSV by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR with primers 5′-TAAAACAAACATTCAAACAA-3′ and 5′-CTCTTAAACACATTTAACAAGCAC-3′, which flank the nucleocapsid (N) gene coded by the small RNA of IYSV (2). An approximate 1.1-kb amplicon was obtained from all symptomatic plants and cloned and sequenced. Nucleotide sequence comparisons using BLAST showed that a consensus of three clones derived from the amplicon from garlic (No. FJ514257) was 85 to 99% identical with IYSV sequences available in GenBank (Nos. AF001387, AB180918, and AB286063), confirming the identity of IYSV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of natural infection of IYSV infection of garlic in the United States. Additional surveys and testing are needed to obtain a better understanding of IYSV incidence in garlic to evaluate its impact on garlic production. References: (1) D. Gent et al. Plant Dis. 90:1468, 2006. (2) H. R. Pappu et al. Arch. Virol. 151:1015, 2006. (3) H. R. Pappu et al. Virus Res. 141:219, 2009. (4) I. Robène-Soustrade et al. Plant Pathol. 55:288, 2006.
Hop Downy Mildew Caused by Pseudoperonospora humuli in Argentina
Authors: Pérez B. A. , Martínez E. , Noetinger F. , Wright E. R. 
Published: July 2009

In Argentina, hop downy mildew disease caused by Pseudoperonospora humuli first appeared in Alto Valle of Rio Negro and Neuquen (1957), Mar del Plata (1962), and El Bolson (1963) (1). The disease occurred in the hop (Humulus lupulus L.) planting areas of El Bolson (Rio Negro) and Lago Pueblo (Chubut) in 2002 and 2003. Surveys were conducted in 30 commercial hop fields from December 2002 to March 2003 to estimate disease incidence and susceptibility of cultivars planted in these fields. Hop fields were divided into five sections and 100 plants were randomly selected and assessed for the presence of disease. Symptoms that were observed in early spring included dark brown rootstocks and primary basal spikes (stunted plants with pale and curled leaves), which are characteristic of systemic infection. Later in the season, secondary infections were characterized by dark purple-to-black lesions on leaves, flowers, cones, and lateral and terminal spikes. Plant symptoms and fungal morphological markers (dichotomously branched sporangiophores; ellipsoid and papillate sporangia) agreed with hop downy mildew disease and the fungus P. humuli. Yield loss was estimated as the reduction in yield compared with the 2001–2002 season observed from five hop growers. On December 10, 70% of the hop fields had greater than 50% disease incidence and seven fields reached 100% incidence. The reduction in cone yield varied between 20 and 34% in fields without a rootstock fungicide treatment. One field with a rootstock fungicide treatment (mefenoxam, copper oxiclorure, phosphorous acid, copper sulfate, and fosetyl-Al) and regular fungicide applications had a 30% increase in cone yield compared with 2001–2002. Systemically infected plants were recorded for hop cvs. Bullion, Cascade, CEZ, GS-19, Hallertauer Mfr., Nugget, Spalt, and Traful. Previously, Cascade was rated as a resistant cultivar to the root systemic infection (1). To our knowledge, this is the first record of a hop downy mildew outbreak in Argentina during the last 30 years. Reference: (1) L. Leskovar. El Lúpulo: Su Cultivo y Procesamiento. Hemisferio Sur. Buenos Aires, 1978.
First Report of Phytophthora nicotianae on German Statice in Bulgaria
Authors: Bobev S. G. , Van Poucke K. , Maes M. 
Published: July 2009

In June of 2008, rapidly developing necrotic symptoms were observed on 2-month-old seedlings of German statice (Goniolimon tataricum, synonym Limonium tataricum) that were started from field-collected seeds and grown in plastic pots under greenhouse conditions in the region of Plovdiv, Bulgaria. Initial symptoms were slight yellowing and wilting of single, lower leaves. Subsequently, necrosis affected several petioles and stem bases, which led to complete plant collapse. Isolations from symptomatic petioles, stem bases, and main roots were performed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and corn meal agar (CMA). When incubated at 24 to 25°C, white, round, arachnoid colonies with fluffy aerial mycelium developed on the PDA isolation plates, whereas the mycelium was less dense on CMA. Sporangia were formed sporadically when cultures were maintained on V8 medium and formed abundantly in nonsterile soil extract after 1 to 2 days of incubation at 20°C. Sporangia were noncaducous, ovoid to spherical, semipapillate (sometimes with two papilla), measured 47.5 to 65 μm (average 53.6 μm) × 35 to 53.5 μm (average 42.9 μm) with an average length/width ratio of 1.25:1. Terminal and intercalary chlamydospores (25 to 48 μm in diameter; average 37 μm) and hyphal swellings were also present. Maximum temperature for growth was 36°C. Pathogenicity of the presumable Phytophthora nicotianae (1) isolate was proved by placing 5-mm-diameter mycelial plugs of 7-day-old cultures grown on V8 medium onto the petiole bases of three 3-month-old G. tataricum plantlets. Each inoculation site was first wiped with 70% ethanol and then scalpel wounded. Sterile V8 plugs were used as controls and all inoculated sites were wrapped with Parafilm. The plantlets were incubated at room temperature (22 to 26°C) and the first necrotic lesions around the mycelial plugs appeared 5 to 7 days after inoculation. Plantlets collapsed approximately 2 weeks later. Additionally, three plantlets were inoculated under the same conditions by watering their stem bases with a 15-ml suspension of mycelium and spores obtained by washing 2-week-old V8 cultures with sterile distilled water. Within a 4-week period, the plantlets died due to a stem base and petiole necrosis. Simultaneously, the pathogen was reisolated from all inoculated samples but not from any control plants that were symptomless. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of mycelial DNA was amplified (ITS6 and ITS4 primers) and the PCR product was sequenced (GenBank Accession No. FJ410333). BLAST analysis showed 100% homology with P. nicotianae. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. nicotianae on G. tataricum in Bulgaria and one of the few reports from Europe of Phytophthora invasion of related Limonium species (2,3). References: (1) D. C. Erwin and O. K. Ribeiro. Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1996. (2) E. Ilieva et al. Plant Dis. 85:445, 2001. (3) A. Pane et al. J. Plant Pathol. 87:301, 2005.
First Report of Bacterial Leaf Spot Caused by Pseudomonas cichorii on Schefflera arboricola in Turkey
Authors: Aysan Y. , Mirik M. , Sahin F. 
Published: July 2009

In late winter and spring of 2006 and 2008, leaf spots with yellow halos were observed on dwarf schefflera (Schefflera arboricola cvs. Gold Capella, Trinette, and Green Gold) that were grown as potted plants in two commercial ornamental greenhouses in Adana and Mersin, Turkey. Average disease incidence was assessed as 10% during the term of the study. Isolations were made from leaf spots symptoms on King's medium B. Bacteria consistently isolated from diseased tissues formed green fluorescent colonies on the medium. Ten representative bacterial strains were examined and found to be gram negative, rod shaped, and aerobic, levan, pectolytic, and arginine dihydrolase negative, and oxidase positive. They all induced a hypersensitive response in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun). All strains were identified as Pseudomonas cichorii with similarity indices of 79 to 99% based on fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles determined by Sherlock Microbial Identification System software (TSBA 6 v. 6.00; Microbial ID, Newark, DE). Pathogenicity of the strains was confirmed on five dwarf schefflera plants by leaf tissue infiltration with bacterial suspensions (107 CFU ml–1) in sterile distilled water. P. cichorii NCPPB 3802 and sterile water were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. The same symptoms as those observed in the commercial greenhouses were observed on dwarf schefflera leaves within 12 to 15 days after inoculation. The bacteria were reisolated from the inoculated plants and identified as the same as the original strain by conventional tests and FAME analysis. Negative control plants remained disease free. Occurrence of bacterial leaf spot caused by P. cichorii on vegetable crops in Turkey (1,3) and dwarf schefflera in other countries (2) has been reported previously, but to our knowledge, this is the first report of the observation of P. cichorii on dwarf schefflera in Turkey. References: (1) Y. Aysan et al. Plant Pathol. 52:782. 2003. (2) A. R. Chase and D. D. Brunk. Plant Dis. 68:73, 1984. (3) F. Sahin et al. Acta Hortic. 695:93, 2005.