bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial mode conversion of a reflected polarized beam from an isotropic medium at brewster angle
Authors: Hu Hua-Jie , Li He-He , Li Xin-Zhong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this study, the spatial mode evolution of a chiral polarized beam during reflection on an isotropic medium surface at Brewster angle is both theoretically and experimentally investigated. In this process, the topological charge of the reflection field’s horizontal component increases (decreases) by one, relative to the specific left (right) elliptical polarization incident beam. While incident l

i
-order vortex beam is in a certain polarization state, the intensity distribution of the reflection field’s horizontal component appears as the interference pattern of the

l

i

±
1

-order output vortex beams. The conversion occurs between the spin and orbital angular momentum and does not violate the conservation of the total angular momentum. We explain the physical mechanism of this phenomenon using phase shift theorem, and analyze the effect of ellipticity and polarization angle on this physical phenomenon.
Numerical investigation of a THz-driven dielectric accelerator with a Bragg-reflector for accelerating sub-relativistic electron beams
Authors: Xiriai M , Aimidula A , Bake Mamat Ali , Zhang Ping 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Structure-based novel accelerators exhibit significant potential for substantial reduction in size and associated costs of future accelerators. Utilizing high-power THz sources in dielectric accelerator structures presents a favorable compromise for achieving elevated gradients and alleviating beam injection requirements. We conducted numerical investigations on an energy-efficient dielectric single grating structure accompanied by a Bragg-reflector, employing THz pulses to generate a phase-modified field for accelerating sub-relativistic electron beams. The structural parameters were optimized to enhance the strength of the acceleration field. The simulation results demonstrate that the side-coupling single grating structure, accompanied by a Bragg-reflector, designed for sub-relativistic electron beam acceleration, can increase the relative structural energy efficiency by more than 50% compared to a dual-grating accelerator structure. Moreover, it offers an available maximum acceleration gradient of up to 400 MeV m−1.
Multifunctional terahertz device based on plasmon-induced transparency
Authors: Lei Pengliang , Nie Guozheng , Li Huilin , Li Zonglin , Peng Liang , Tang Xiaofang , Gao Enduo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Enhancing light-matter interaction is crucial in optics for boosting nanophotonic device performance, which can be achieved via plasmon-induced transparency (PIT). In this study, a polarization-insensitive PIT effect at terahertz frequencies is achieved using a novel metasurface composed of a cross-shaped graphene structure surrounded by four graphene strips. The high symmetry of this metasurface ensures its insensitivity to changes in the polarization angle of incident light. The PIT effect, stemming from the coupling of graphene bright modes, was explored through finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations and coupled mode theory (CMT) analysis. By tuning the Fermi level in graphene, we effectively modulated the PIT transparent window, achieving high-performance optical switching with a modulation depth (88.9% < MD < 98.0%) and insertion losses (0.17 dB < IL < 0.51 dB) at a carrier mobility of 2 m2/(V·s). Furthermore, the impact of graphene carrier mobility on the slow-light effect was examined, revealing that increasing the carrier mobility from 0.5 m2/(V·s) to 3 m2/(V·s) boosts the group index from 126 to 781. These findings highlight the potential for developing versatile terahertz devices, such as optical switches and slow-light apparatus.
Absorption enhancement in silicon-based dielectric resonator for quad-band terahertz biosensing
Authors: Gupta Raj Kumar , Maurya Jitendra Bahadur 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A technique is implemented to obtain the multi-band perfect absorption (nearly 100%) in an ultrathin silicon-based dielectric resonator (DR) using perturbation. A silicon-based plus-shaped resonator is utilized to design the proposed absorber which provides the four narrow-band absorptions at frequencies of around 5.75, 6.14, 6.48, and 7.24 THz with the level of absorption 54%, 20%, 95%, and 96%, respectively. The plus-shaped resonator is perturbed by cutting slot of plus shape in such a way that it obtains perfect absorption with sufficient guard-band to prevent the multi-band interference in each band. This perturbation provides four absorption peaks at frequencies of around 5.80, 6.27, 6.80, and 7.23 THz, with highly improved absorption in all the bands, i.e., 99.84%, 99.78%, 99.51%, 98.42%, respectively. The ultranarrow absorption peaks with narrow FWHM are suitable for the application of THz biosensing and refractive index analysis. The performance of the proposed absorber is studied with the variation in refractive index of sample. It is found that the proposed absorber provides the high sensitivity 0.186, 0.29, 0.2485, 0.43 THz RIU−1 and quality factor 280, 185.79, 320.42, and 131.51 for different bands, respectively. The proposed absorber performance is also studied for various THz biosensing applications like the detection of various viruses, malaria, and cancer in the human body at various stages.
Super dense coding out of thermal equilibrium
Authors: Javed Seerat , Tayyab Ansha , Shaukat Muzzamal I 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We have examined the potentiality of superdense coding for a quantum system placed out of thermal equilibrium. To this aim, the dynamics of two two-level quantum systems are analyzed and explicit expressions for transition rates are evaluated. The dependence of superdense coding capacity on initial states is observed and examined for different ratios of anti-symmetric to symmetric transition rates. The effect of sub-radiant and super-radiant terms is interpreted. The validity of dense coding is also analyzed for different probability amplitudes and it is perceived that maximally entangled states show the highest degree of coding capacity. Moreover, the optimal time of coding capacity is greatest for initially entangled state. This strategy can be relevant to analyze further applications out of thermal equilibrium.
Laboratory simulation to study the nonlinear evolution of right-hand circularly polarised wave in laser-produced plasmas
Authors: Aditya  , Sharma Suresh C , Singh Indraj , Sharma R P 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
To simulate the astrophysical scenarios at the scale of laboratory astrophysics, the interaction of high-power lasers with plasmas is increasingly being used. So, in this perspective, a nonlinear wave-wave interaction between right-hand circularly polarised wave (R-mode wave) and electron plasma wave (EPW) is proposed to understand the localization of the pump R-mode wave and associated magnetic turbulence at electron scale in magnetized plasma relevant to laboratory astrophysics. The ponderomotive force and relativistic variation of electron mass are accountable for this nonlinear wave-wave interaction model. For this nonlinear dynamics, coupled model equations for EPW and R-mode wave are developed and solved by laboratory simulations utilizing finite difference and pseudo-spectral methods. The observed simulation findings, like the nonlinear evolution of the pump wave, typical scale size of the formed localized structures, and electron scale turbulent spectra associated with the coherent structures resemble various laboratory and space plasma scenarios. A semi-analytical model in the paraxial limits is also developed to understand the physics behind the localization process of the pump wave inside the plasma medium.
Dynamics of transformed nonlinear waves for the (2+1)-dimensional pKP-BKP equation: interactions and molecular waves
Authors: Zhang Lihan , Zhao Zhonglong , Zhang Yufeng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the dynamical behaviors of transformed nonlinear waves for the (2+1)-dimensional combined potential Kadomtsev-Petviashvili and B-type Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (pKP-BKP) equation are investigated, which can be used to reveal the nonlinear wave phenomena in nonlinear optics, plasma physics and hydrodynamics. The breath-wave and the lump solutions are constructed by means of the soliton solutions. The conversion mechanism for the breath-wave is systematically analyzed, which leads to several new kink-shaped nonlinear waves. The gradient relationships of these transformed waves are revealed by a Riemannian circle. Through the analysis of the nonlinear superposition between the periodic wave component and the kink solitary wave component, the dynamical characteristics including the formation mechanism, oscillation and locality for the nonlinear waves are investigated. The time-varying properties of transformed waves are shown by the study of time variables. By virtue of the two breath-wave solutions, several interactions including elastic and inelastic collisions between two nonlinear waves are studied. In particular, some transformed molecular waves encompassing the non-, semi- and full-transition modes are presented with the aid of velocity resonance. The results can help us further understand the complex nonlinear waves existing in the integrable systems.
Angular bispectrum and trispectrum of scalar-induced gravitational waves: all contributions from primordial non-Gaussianity fNLand gNL
Authors: Li Jun-Peng , Wang Sai , Zhao Zhi-Chao , Kohri Kazunori 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStudying the primordial non-Gaussianity of inflationary perturbations is crucial for testing the inflation paradigm of the early universe. In this work, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of the angular bispectrum and trispectrum of scalar-induced gravitational waves (SIGWs) in the presence of local-type primordial non-Gaussianity parameterized byfNLandgNL, deriving their semi-analytical formulae for the first time. Our findings indicate that it is the presence of primordial non-Gaussianity that leads to a non-Gaussian SIGW background, suggesting that the angular bispectrum and trispectrum of SIGWs could serve as probes of the primordial non-Gaussianity. Our numerical results further illustrate thatfNLandgNLexert significant impacts on the spectral amplitudes, potentially reaching up to 10-5for the former and 10-8for the latter. In particular, we demonstrate that the angular bispectrum and trispectrum exhibit characteristic dependence on the angular multipoles and frequency bands. They hold potentials to be measured by gravitational-wave detectors that may advance our understanding of the origin of the universe.
Cosmological implications of gauged U(1)
B-L
on ΔN
eff in the CMB and BBN
Authors: Esseili Haidar , Kribs Graham D. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We calculate the effects of a light, very weakly-coupled boson X
arising from a spontaneously broken U(1)
B-L
symmetry
on ΔN
eff as measured by the CMB and
Yp
from BBN.
Our focus is the mass range
1 eV ≲ mX
≲ 100 MeV;
masses lighter than about an eV have strong constraints from
fifth-force law constraints, while masses heavier than about
100 MeV are constrained by other probes, including terrestrial
experiments.
We do not assume N
eff began in thermal equilibrium with the SM;
instead, we allow N
eff to freeze-in from its very weak interactions
with the SM. We find U(1)
B-L
is more strongly constrained
by ΔN
eff than previously considered. The bounds
arise from the energy density in electrons and neutrinos slowly
siphoned off into N
eff bosons, which become nonrelativistic,
redshift as matter, and then decay, dumping their slightly larger
energy density back into the SM bath causing ΔN
eff > 0.
While some of the parameter space has complementary
constraints from stellar cooling, supernova emission, and
terrestrial experiments, we find future CMB observatories
including Simons Observatory and CMB-S4 can access regions of mass
and coupling space not probed by any other method.
In gauging U(1)
B-L
, we assume the [U(1)
B-L
]3
anomaly is canceled by right-handed
neutrinos, and so our ΔN
eff calculations have been
carried out in two scenarios: neutrinos have Dirac masses, or,
right-handed neutrinos acquire Majorana masses.
In the latter scenario, we comment on the additional implications
of thermalized right-handed neutrinos decaying during BBN.
We also briefly consider the possibility that X decays
into dark sector states. If these states behave as radiation,
we find weaker constraints, whereas if they are massive,
there are stronger constraints, though now from
ΔN
eff < 0.
Mutual information between galaxy properties and the initial predisposition
Authors: Moon Jun-Sung , Lee Jounghun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The immense diversity of the galaxy population in the universe is believed to stem from their disparate merging and star formation histories, and multi-scale
influences of diverse environments. No single causal factor of the initial state is known to explain how the galaxies formed and evolved to end up
possessing such various traits as they have at the present epoch. However, several observational studies have revealed that the key physical properties of the observed
galaxies in the local universe appeared to have a much simpler, lower-dimensional correlation structure than expected, the origin of which remains unexplained.
Speculating that the emergence of such a simple correlation structure of the galaxy properties must be triggered by nature rather than by nurture,
we explore if the present galaxy properties may be correlated with the initial precondition for protogalaxy angular momentum, τ, and test it against the data
from the IllustrisTNG300-1 hydrodynamic simulation. Employing Shannon's information theory, we discover that τ shares a significantly large amount of mutual information
with each of the four basic traits of the TNG galaxies at z = 0: the spin parameters, formation epochs, stellar-to-total mass ratios, and fraction of kinetic energy in ordered rotation.
These basic traits except for the stellar-to-total mass ratios are found to contain even a larger amount of MI about τ than about the total masses and environments
for the case of giant galaxies with 11.5 ≤ log[M
t/(h
-1
M
⊙)] < 13. Our results imply that the initial condition of the universe must be more impactful on the galaxy
evolution than conventionally thought.
Surface evolution of thermoelectric material KCu4Se3 explored by scanning tunneling microscopy
Authors: Xia 夏 Yumin 玉敏 , Ma 马 Ni 妮 , Cai 蔡 Desheng 德胜 , Liu 刘 Yuzhou 宇舟 , Gu 谷 Yitong 易通 , Yu 于 Gan 淦 , Huo 霍 Siyu 思宇 , Pang 庞 Wenhui 文慧 , Xiao 肖 Chong 翀 , Qin 秦 Shengyong 胜勇 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Novel two-dimensional thermoelectric materials have attracted significant attention in the field of thermoelectric due to their low lattice thermal conductivity. A comprehensive understanding of their microscopic structures is crucial for driving further the optimization of materials properties and developing novel functional materials. Here, by using in situ scanning tunneling microscopy, we report the atomic layer evolution and surface reconstruction on the cleaved thermoelectric material KCu4Se3 for the first time. We clearly revealed each atomic layer, including the naturally cleaved K atomic layer, the intermediate Se2− atomic layer, and the Se− atomic layer that emerges in the thermodynamic-stable state. Departing from the majority of studies that predominantly concentrate on macroscopic measurements of the charge transport, our results reveal the coexistence of potassium disorder and complex reconstructed patterns of selenium, which potentially influences charge carrier and lattice dynamics. These results provide direct insight into the surface microstructures and evolution of KCu4Se3, and shed useful light on designing functional materials with superior performance.
Factor analysis method for delay dynamics in Nigerian Tin Can Island Port for sustainable development
Authors: Odetunmibi O. A. , Oke K. Z. , Alabi R. E. , Agboola O. O. , Adedotun A. F. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The effect of efficient and effective port system on the economy viability of any nation cannot be over emphasis. This study investigated factors that could be termed as delay causative factors in Nigerian ports industry using TIN CAN Island port complex as a case study. A well-structured questionnaire was developed for this research and 72 respondents, who are port users (custom officers, employees, and customers), were asked to rank the variables perceived to be causing delay at the port according to their respective perception of the effect of each factor on delay factors at the port. The validity of the research instrument was done using Cronbach Alpha. There are several factors that were thought to be working together in reducing efficiency in Nigerian ports and these factors were analyzed using factor analysis method. It was discovered from the analysis that Lack of Government Authority, Ullage Constraint, Inadequate Berthing, Logistics Delay, Financial Constraint and Equipment Breakdown are major factors that cause delay at Tin Can Island Port Lagos. These highlighted factors should be paid special attention in order to reduce delay in Tin Can Island port which will in turns lead to more revenue for the country.
Utilization and application of bioactive compounds generated from Fish waste and by product as Functional Food Ingredient: A review
Authors: Olaniran A. F. , Adeoye O. E. , Oyadeyi O. M. , Okonkwo C. E. , Erinle O. C. , Malomo A. A. , Iranloye Y.M. , Olaniran O. D. , Faloye O. R 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The quest for novel functional food ingredients from natural sources is one of the most important discuss in food science and technology. Food industries dispose their valuable waste and some food industries re-process their wastes and used them as functional food ingredients, thereby developed their economy to survive in the neck cutting competition of the market. Enormous volumes of food processing by-products (FPBs) are produced from food manufacturing industries, accounting it as the second-largest quota of food waste generation. Fish known as ‘rich food for poor people,’ supplies good quality of fats, minerals vitamins and proteins to billions of populaces across the globe. However, the fish processing industry on daily basis generates huge wastes leading to the quest for management of these wastes. These wastes which can be referred to as by-products are generated during removal of head; gutting of the fish and during other secondary processing carried out either onboard in fishing vessels or at processing plants on the shores. Over the years there are bids for utilization of fish wastes and by products for production of functional food ingredients using bioactive compounds produced from them. This was aimed at reduction of processing waste, creation of sustainable economic boost, environmental safety while formulating value added functional food which could be of importance to human and animal health or wellbeing. By-products from fish processing such as blood, fleshy chunks of fatty fish, tails, liver from white lean fish, Fish heads, offal, viscera (gut, intestines, etc.), skin and shells have potentials utilization as raw materials for production of value-added functional food ingredients. Bioactive peptides isolated from various fish protein hydrolysates have reported to have several bioactivities such as immunomodulatory, antioxidative antihypertensive, antithrombotic, anticoagulant activities among others Hence from the review, the recovery of bioactive compound and utilization of these by-products are untapped sources for functional ingredients which can be applied in several aspects of food processing for the benefit of manufactures, supply series of nourishments, and consequently advancing the usefulness of the fish waste in consumers’ health and economic benefits of all stakeholders.
Application of VLF-EM response and geoelectrical sounding in groundwater investigation around an active dumpsite
Authors: Adeniji A. A. , Ajani O. O. , Adagunodo T. A. , Ojo O. F. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
An integrated geophysical method combining very low frequency electromagnetic (VLF-EM) and vertical electrical sounding (VES) methods were carried out around Adaland, Southwestern Nigeria, located within latitude 7° 54’ 0” and longitude 4° 43’ 0”, with a view to investigate the possible impact of dumpsite on groundwater. This is the major study in the environment to offer extensive evidence regarding the suitability of obtaining quality groundwater. In this research, eight VLF-EM and twelve VES data sets were generated, which were then used to estimate the linear structure, bedrock formation, subsurface geological characteristics, and identification of leachate pathways. The VLF-EM data were analyzed by employing Karous_Hjelt and Microsoft Excel, while the VES data were investigated using the WinRESIST software. TheVLF-EM results confirmed the presence of conductive zones, which might be due to fracture, fault and contact zones or weathered basements. The lithological units acquired from the electrical resistivity results revealed four geoelectrical layers such as topsoil, weathered-based, fractured basement and fresh basement. However, the identified weathered layers and fractured basements from the geoelectrical sections and the corresponding Karous and Hjelt (K-H) pseudo sectionresults around the dumpsite, constitute the main passages for the possible impact of the open dumpsite on groundwater quality, since leachates from the dumpsite could slowly percolate downwards from the topsoil to the water table. Therefore, the impact of the dumpsite on the groundwater is caused by the inadequate clay materials, near-surface features such as fractures/faults, and lateral in-homogeneity. Thus, integrating both methods has been recommended in site characterization for accessing quality groundwater around a dumpsite environment.
Seasonal Variation of Total Attenuation between Airborne Platform and Earth Station in South-West Region, Nigeria
Authors: Arijaje T. E. , Omotosho T. V. , Aizebeokhai A. P. , Akinwumi S. A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The seasonal variation of total attenuation in the southwest region of Nigeria has been computed using eight (8) years dataset at Ku- and Ka-band of the transmitted power of the radar, transmitted antenna gain and the received antenna gain of the satellite retrieved from the archived of the GPM. The results obtained fluctuates between the seasons at Ku- and Ka-band. From the results obtained at Ku-and Ka-band, the results from analysis showed that the peak total attenuation was recorded between the early (MAM) and late wet (JJA) season when the intensity of rainfall is maximum in the South-West region. As a result, the effect on the airborne-earth station link will be severe which may further lead to signal outage. However, the state where the highest total attenuation was consistent is Lagos state. These seasons and Lagos state must be taking into consideration by engineers and radiowave propagation group when planning and sitting radiowave propagation in the study area.