bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of disease burden over five years in a multicenter inception systemic lupus erythematosus cohort
Authors: Urowitz M. B. , Gladman D. D. , Ibañez D. , Fortin P. R. , Bae S. C. , Gordon C. , Clarke A. , Bernatsky S. , Hanly J. G. , Isenberg D. , Rahman A. , Sanchez‐Guerrero J. , Wallace D. J. , Ginzler E. , Alarcón G. S. , Merrill J. T. , Bruce I. N. , Sturfelt G. , Nived O. , Steinsson K. , Khamashta M. , Petri M. , Manzi S. , Ramsey‐Goldman R. , Dooley M. A. , van Vollenhoven R. F. , Ramos M. , Stoll T. , Zoma A. , Kalunian K. , Aranow C. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectiveWe describe disease activity, damage, and the accrual of key autoantibodies in an inception systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) cohort.MethodsThe Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) International Research Network, comprising 27 centers from 11 countries, has followed an inception cohort of SLE patients yearly according to a standardized protocol. Of these patients, 298 were followed for a minimum of 5 years and constitute the study population. Disease activity was assessed using the SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI‐2K) and damage was assessed using the SLICC/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI). Antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti‐DNA, and anticardiolipin antibody (aCL) levels and lupus anticoagulant were assessed yearly. Descriptive statistics were generated and repeated‐measures general linear models were used to evaluate SLEDAI‐2K and SDI over time between whites and nonwhites.ResultsOf the 298 patients, 87% were women, 55% were white, 12% were African American, 14% were Asian, 16% were Hispanic, and 2% were categorized as “other.” At enrollment, the mean age was 35.3 years, the mean SLEDAI‐2K score was 5.9, and the mean disease duration was 5.5 months. Mean SLEDAI‐2K scores decreased in the first year and then remained low. SLEDAI‐2K scores were significantly lower at each year in whites compared to nonwhites. Mean SDI scores increased progressively over 5 years; there was no significant difference between whites and nonwhites. As expected, ANA positivity was high and anti‐DNA positivity was relatively low at enrollment, and both increased over 5 years. Although lupus anticoagulant increased slightly over 5 years, aCL positivity did not.ConclusionDisease activity in newly diagnosed patients decreases over their first 5 years, while damage increases. Antibody positivity ran variable courses over this period.
Assessment of health‐related quality of life as an outcome measure in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's)
Authors: Tomasson Gunnar , Boers Maarten , Walsh Michael , LaValley Michael , Cuthbertson David , Carette Simon , Davis John C. , Hoffman Gary S. , Khalidi Nader A. , Langford Carol A. , Mcalear Carol A. , McCune W. Joseph , Monach Paul A. , Seo Philip , Specks Ulrich , Spiera Robert , St. Clair E. William , Stone John H. , Ytterberg Steven R. , Merkel Peter A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo assess a generic measure of health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) as an outcome measure in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's) (GPA).MethodsSubjects were participants in the Wegener's Granulomatosis Etanercept Trial (WGET) or the Vasculitis Clinical Research Consortium Longitudinal Study (VCRC‐LS). HRQOL was assessed with the Short Form 36 (SF‐36) health survey that includes physical and mental component summary scores (PCS and MCS, respectively). Disease activity was assessed with the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score for Wegener's Granulomatosis (BVAS/WG).ResultsThe data from 180 subjects in the WGET (median followup 2.3 years, mean number of visits 10) and 237 subjects in the VCRC‐LS (median followup 2.0 years, mean number of visits 8) were analyzed. A 1 unit increase in the BVAS/WG corresponded to a 1.15 unit (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.02, 1.29) decrease for the PCS and a 0.93 (95% CI 0.78, 1.07) decrease for the MCS in the WGET, and to a 1.16 unit decrease for the PCS (95% CI 0.94, 1.39) and a 0.79 unit decrease for the MCS (95% CI 0.51, 1.39) in the VCRC‐LS. In both arms of the WGET study, SF‐36 measures improved rapidly during the first 6 weeks of treatment followed by gradual improvement among patients achieving sustained remission (0.5 improvement in PCS per 3 months), but worsened slightly (0.03 decrease in PCS every 3 months) among patients not achieving sustained remission (P = 0.005).ConclusionHRQOL, as measured by the SF‐36, is reduced among patients with GPA. SF‐36 measures are modestly associated with other disease outcomes and discriminate between disease states of importance in GPA.
The Manufacture of Resorbable Suture Material from Magnesium – Drawing and Stranding of Thin Wires
Authors: Seitz Jan‐Marten , Utermöhlen Dennis , Wulf Eric , Klose Christian , Bach Friedrich‐Wilhelm 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWith the aid of multiple wire drawing passes, the magnesium alloys ZEK100, MgCa0.8, and AL36 were reduced to monofilament wires possessing diameters between 0.5 and 0.1 mm. These filaments were subsequently twisted into poly‐filament suture material using stranding. In order to analyze the microstructural constituents and the mechanical‐tribological properties, metallographic specimens were prepared and tensile tests were performed on both monofilament as well as poly‐filament wire strands. Appropriate parameters were ascertained for the wire drawing process with regard to forming rate, temperature, and heat treatment. During the investigations, the alloy ZEK100 exhibited particularly interesting mechanical properties which, owing to its high tensile strengths (up to 550 MPa for monofilament) and fracture strains (up to 30% for poly‐filament), are comparable to those of conventional polymer‐based suture materials. In addition to this, integrating a core (internal, individual wire) into the poly‐filament mesh of wire strands represents an interesting alternative for future research in which structures composed of different materials, and the advantages of combining their properties are brought into particular focus.
Preparation and Characterization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymeric Nanoparticles for Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
Authors: Wang Chunyan , Howell Mark , Raulji Payal , Davis Yvonne , Mohapatra Subhra 
Published: September 2011

AbstractNatriuretic peptide receptor A (NPRA), the receptor for the cardiac hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), is expressed abundantly on cancer cells and disruption of ANP‐NPRA signaling inhibits tumor burden and metastasis. Since antagonists of NPRA signaling have not provided reproducible results, we reason that a synthetic neutralizing antibody to ANP, which has high selectivity and affinity for ANP, can be used to regulate ANP levels and attenuate NPRA signaling. In this study, we prepare molecularly imprinted polymeric nanoparticles (MIPNPs) for ANP using a short peptide of ANP as the template and determine their binding affinity and selectivity. The MIPNPs are prepared by precipitation polymerization using NH2–SLRRSS–CONH2, which is a short peptide from ANP, as a template, methacrylic acid and N‐isopropylacrylamide as functional monomers, and bis‐acrylamide as a crosslinker. The average diameters of the MIPNPs and of non‐imprinted nanoparticles (NIPNPs) in water are 215.8 ± 4.6 nm and 197.7 ± 3.1 nm respectively. The binding‐isotherm analysis shows that the MIPNPs have a much‐higher binding affinity for the template peptide and ANP than the NIPNPs. Scatchard analysis gives an equilibrium dissociation constant, Kd, of 7.3 × 10−6 M with a binding capacity of 106.7 μmol g−1 for the template peptide and a Kd of 7.9 × 10−6 M with a binding capacity of 36.0 μmol g−1 for the ANP. Measurements of the binding kinetics reveal that MIPNPs reach protein‐adsorption equilibrium in 30 min. The MIPNPs are found to have a high specificity for ANP with little affinity for BSA or scrambled ANP peptide. The MIPNPs also recognize and adsorb ANP in cell‐culture medium spiked with ANP and in human plasma. Taken together, these results indicate that the MIPNPs have a high affinity and selectivity for ANP and can be used as a synthetic antibody for modulating ANP‐NPRA signaling in cancers.
Inverse‐Woodpile Photonic Band Gap Crystals with a Cubic Diamond‐like Structure Made from Single‐Crystalline Silicon
Authors: van den Broek J. M. , Woldering L. A. , Tjerkstra R. W. , Segerink F. B. , Setija I. D. , Vos W. L. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThree dimensional photonic band gap crystals with a cubic diamond‐like symmetry are fabricated. These so‐called inverse‐woodpile nanostructures consist of two perpendicular sets of pores in single‐crystal silicon wafers and are made by means of complementary metal oxide–semiconductor (CMOS)‐compatible methods. Both sets of pores have high aspect ratios and are made by deep reactive‐ion etching. The mask for the first set of pores is defined in chromium by means of deep UV scan‐and‐step technology. The mask for the second set of pores is patterned using an ion beam and carefully placed at an angle of 90° with an alignment precision of better than 30 nm. Crystals are made with pore radii between 135–186 nm with lattice parameters a = 686 and c = 488 nm such that a/c = √2; hence the structure is cubic. The crystals are characterized using scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. By milling away slices of crystal, the pores are analyzed in detail in both directions regarding depth, radius, tapering, shape, and alignment. Using optical reflectivity it is demonstrated that the crystals have broad reflectivity peaks in the near‐infrared frequency range, which includes the telecommunication range. The strong reflectivity confirms the high quality of the photonic crystals. Furthermore the width of the reflectivity peaks agrees well with gaps in calculated photonic band structures.
Structural and Electronic Properties of Semiconductor‐Sensitized Solar‐Cell Interfaces
Authors: Patrick Christopher E. , Giustino Feliciano 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA recent study has reported a power‐conversion efficiency of 5.1% for solar cells employing mesoporous TiO2 films sensitized with quantum dots of stibnite (Sb2S3). Here, a first‐principles atomic‐scale investigation of the interface between TiO2 and Sb2S3 is presented. The proposed atomistic interface model is free of defects, and the calculated energy‐level alignment at the interface indicates that the ideal open‐circuit voltage is as high as 1.6 V. Films sensitized with the isostructural compounds bismuthinite (Bi2S3) and antimonselite (Sb2Se3), which exhibit band gaps closer to the ideal Shockley–Queisser value are also examined. In the case of Bi2S3 the calculations indicate that the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital is too low in energy to inject electrons into TiO2, in agreement with experimental data. For antimonselite (Sb2Se3) the calculations predict a type‐II heterojunction with TiO2, and suggest that Sb2Se3 sensitization may lead to higher power conversion efficiencies than found in the TiO2/Sb2S3 system.
Alu polymorphisms in the Waorani tribe from the Ecuadorian Amazon reflect the effects of isolation and genetic drift
Authors: Gómez‐Pérez Luis , Alfonso‐Sánchez Miguel A. , Sánchez Dora , García‐Obregón Susana , Espinosa Ibone , Martínez‐Jarreta Begoña , De Pancorbo Marian M. , Peña José A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectives:The Amazon basin is inhabited by some of the most isolated human groups worldwide. Among them, the Waorani tribe is one of the most interesting Native American populations from the anthropological perspective. This study reports a genetic characterization of the Waorani based on autosomal genetic loci.Methods:We analyzed 12 polymorphic Alu insertions in 36 Waorani individuals from different communal longhouses settled in the Yasuní National Park.Results:The most notable finding was the strikingly reduced genetic diversity detected in the Waorani, corroborated by the existence of four monomorphic loci (ACE, APO, FXIIIB, and HS4.65), and of other four Alu markers that were very close to the fixation for the presence (PV92 and D1) or the absence (A25 and HS4.32) of the insertion. Furthermore, results of the centroid analysis supported the notion of the Waorani being one of the Amerindian groups less impacted by gene flow processes.Conclusions:The prolonged isolation of the Waorani community, in conjunction with a historically low effective population size and high inbreeding levels, have resulted in the drastic reduction of their genetic diversity, because of the effects of severe genetic drift. Recurrent population bottlenecks most likely determined by certain deep‐rooted sociocultural practices of the Waorani (characterized by violence, internal quarrels, and revenge killings until recent times) are likely responsible for this pattern of diversity. The findings of this study illustrate how sociocultural factors can shape the gene pool of human populations. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The stability of immunoglobulin a in human milk and saliva stored on filter paper at ambient temperature
Authors: Miller Elizabeth M. , Mcconnell Daniel S. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectives:Immunoglobulin A dominates mucosal surfaces and is a biomarker of interest in populations with a high disease burden. The objectives of this work are to describe an ELISA for IgA and test the stability of storage on filter paper for human milk and saliva collection to be used in remote field locations.Methods:A two‐site sandwich ELISA for IgA was developed. To test filter paper storage capabilities under field conditions, 248 matched whole and dried human milk filter paper samples and 251 matched whole and dried saliva samples were collected from northern Kenyan women. Whole samples were frozen in liquid nitrogen while dried samples were stored at ambient temperature for up to 8 weeks. Recovered dried IgA levels were compared to whole IgA levels and adjusted for time stored at ambient temperature.Results:The lower limit of quantification for this assay is 10.1 ng/ml. Linearity of dilution for human milk and saliva samples was excellent. High and low‐control coefficient of variation values across plates were 9.1 (341.8 ng/ml) and 9.4% (132.5 ng/ml). IgA was detected in all whole and dried samples. There is a moderate concordance between dried and whole samples (R2 = 0.62). There is a small but significant effect of time stored, with a loss of ∼1 μg/ml per day (P = 0.0052).Conclusions:This IgA assay is a cost‐effective alternative to commercial secretory IgA kits. Human milk and saliva can be stored on filter paper for up to 8 weeks. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Collective arousal when reuniting after temporary separation in Tonkean macaques
Authors: De Marco Arianna , Cozzolino Roberto , Dessì‐Fulgheri Francesco , Thierry Bernard 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCelebrations and bursts of communal joy can occur spontaneously in human communities based on mechanisms of emotional contagion. Some examples of similar collective excitement have been reported in animals when they reunite or anticipate rewards, but little is known about the processes and meaning of these multiple interactions. We experimentally studied such collective arousals in two captive groups of Tonkean macaques (Macaca tonkeana) within the context of reunions following the temporary separation of two subgroups. We compared the behaviors of individuals after separation periods of 2 and 48 h with a control period with no separation. This study showed that it is possible to reproducibly induce bursts of friendly interactions in which groupmates run around over a period of several minutes, embracing and grasping one another while displaying numerous affiliative vocalizations and facial expressions. The longer the period of separation, the higher and longer‐lasting the rates of affiliative interactions were. Individuals affiliated more frequently with groupmates from a previously separated subgroup than with those having stayed in their own subgroup. Collective arousal was followed by a quieter period characterized by high rates of contact‐sitting and social grooming. These results point at the role of collective arousals in social cohesion; they could resolve social tension and renew social relationships. We propose that the emotional state experienced by Tonkean macaques during such events represents a disposition similar to that giving rise to what we humans call “shared joy.” Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brief communication: Comparing loading scenarios in lower first molar supporting bone structure using 3D finite element analysis
Authors: Benazzi Stefano , Kullmer Ottmar , Grosse Ian R. , Weber Gerhard W. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractFinite element analysis (FEA) is a widespread technique to evaluate the stress/strain distributions in teeth or dental supporting tissues. However, in most studies occlusal forces are usually simplified using a single vector (i.e., point load) either parallel to the long tooth axis or oblique to this axis. In this pilot study we show how lower first molar occlusal information can be used to investigate the stress distribution with 3D FEA in the supporting bone structure. The LM1 and the LP2‐LM1 of a dried modern human skull were scanned by μCT in maximum intercuspation contact. A kinematic analysis of the surface contacts between LM1 and LP2‐LM1 during the power stroke was carried out in the occlusal fingerprint analyzer (OFA) software to visualize contact areas during maximum intercuspation contact. This information was used for setting the occlusal molar loading to evaluate the stress distribution in the supporting bone structure using FEA. The output was compared to that obtained when a point force parallel to the long axis of the tooth was loaded in the occlusal basin. For the point load case, our results indicate that the buccal and lingual cortical plates do not experience notable stresses. However, when the occlusal contact areas are considered, the disto‐lingual superior third of the mandible experiences high tensile stresses, while the medio‐lingual cortical bone is subjected to high compressive stresses. Developing a more realistic loading scenario leads to better models to understand the relationship between masticatory function and mandibular shape and structures. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Population genetic structure of Guizhou snub‐nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus brelichi) as inferred from mitochondrial control region sequences, and comparison with R. roxellana and R. bieti
Authors: Yang Mouyu , Yang Yeqin , Cui Duoying , Fickenscher Gisela , Zinner Dietmar , Roos Christian , Brameier Markus 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe Guizhou snub‐nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus brelichi) is a primate species endemic to the Wuling Mountains in southern China. With a maximum of 800 wild animals, the species is endangered and one of the rarest Chinese primates. To assess the genetic diversity within R. brelichi and to analyze its genetic population structure, we collected fecal samples from the wild R. brelichi population and sequenced the hypervariable region I of the mitochondrial control region from 141 individuals. We compared our data with those from the two other Chinese snub‐nosed species (R. roxellana, R. bieti) and reconstructed their phylogenetic relationships and divergence times. With only five haplotypes and a maximum of 25 polymorphic sites, R. brelichi shows the lowest genetic diversity in terms of haplotype diversity (h), nucleotide diversity (π), and average number of pairwise nucleotide differences (Π). The most recent common ancestor of R. brelichi lived ∼0.36 million years ago (Ma), thus more recently than those of R. roxellana (∼0.91 Ma) and R. bieti (∼1.33 Ma). Phylogenetic analysis and analysis of molecular variance revealed a clear and significant differentiation among the three Chinese snub‐nosed monkey species. Population genetic analyses (Tajima's D, Fu's Fs, and mismatch distribution) suggest a stable population size for R. brelichi. For the other two species, results point in the same direction, but population substructure possibly introduces some ambiguity. Because of the lower genetic variation, the smaller population size and the more restricted distribution, R. brelichi might be more vulnerable to environmental changes or climate oscillations than the other two Chinese snub‐nosed monkey species. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Regio‐ und chemoselektive Metallierung von Arenen und Heteroarenen mit gehinderten Metallamidbasen
Authors: Haag Benjamin , Mosrin Marc , Ila Hiriyakkanavar , Malakhov Vladimir , Knochel Paul 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDie Synthese hoch funktionalisierter Organometallverbindungen gelingt durch C‐H‐Aktivierung zahlreicher ungesättigter Substrate mit Lithiumchlorid‐solubilisierten 2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidyl‐Basen (TMPnMXm⋅p LiCl). Diese Reagentien erweisen sich als exzellent zur Umwandlung vielfältiger aromatischer sowie heterocyclischer Substrate in nützliche metallorganische Reagentien mit weiter Anwendungsbreite in der organischen Synthese.
Kinetics of thermal degradation of polysulfone/polyimide blended polymeric membranes
Authors: Rafiq Sikander , Man Zakaria , Maitra Saikat , Muhammad Nawshad , Ahmad Farooq 
Published: September 2011

AbstractFlat‐sheet asymmetric polysulfone (PSF)/polyimide (PI) blended membranes were fabricated by a phase‐inversion technique. The fabricated membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and field emission scanning electron microscopy analyses. The kinetics of thermal degradation of the membranes were studied from thermogravimetric data following Friedman's kinetic approach. The thermal degradation process of the membranes followed first‐order rate kinetics, and the activation energy of the thermal degradation process increased with increasing PI content of the membrane compositions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Freeze–thaw resistance of unidirectional‐fiber‐reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Li Hui , Xian Guijun , Lin Qi , Zhang Hui 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe freeze–thaw resistance of unidirectional glass‐, carbon‐, and basalt‐fiber‐reinforced polymer (GFRPs, CFRPs, and BFRPs, respectively) epoxy wet layups was investigated from −30 to 30°C in dry air. Embedded optic‐fiber Bragg grating sensors were applied to monitor the variation of the internal strain during the freeze–thaw cycles, with which the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) was estimated. With the CTE values, the stresses developed in the matrix of the FRPs were calculated, and CFRPs were slightly higher than in the BFRP and GFRP cases. The freeze–thaw cycle showed a negligible effect on the tensile properties of both GFRP and BFRP but exhibited an adverse effect on CFRP, causing a reduction of 16% in the strength and 18% in the modulus after 90 freeze–thaw cycles. The susceptibility of the bonding between the carbon fibers and epoxy to the freeze–thaw cycles was assigned to the deterioration of CFRP. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012