bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changing hillslope and fluvial Holocene sediment dynamics in a Belgian loess catchment
Authors: Notebaert Bastiaan , Verstraeten Gert , Vandenberghe Dimitri , Marinova Elena , Poesen Jean , Govers Gerard 
Published: January 2011

AbstractFloodplain deposition is an essential part of the Holocene sediment dynamics of many catchments and a thorough dating control of these floodplain deposits is therefore essential to understand the driving forces of these sediment dynamics. In this paper we date floodplain and colluvial deposition in the Belgian Dijle catchment using accelerator mass spectrometric radiocarbon and optical stimulated luminescence dating. Relative mass accumulation curves for the Holocene were constructed for three colluvial sites and 12 alluvial sites. A database was constructed of all available radiocarbon ages of the catchment and this database was analysed using relative sediment mass accumulation rates and cumulative probability functions of ages and site‐specific sedimentation curves. Cumulative probability functions of ages were split into different depositional environments representing stable phases and phases of accelerated clastic deposition. The results indicate that there is an important variation between the different dated sites. After an initial stable early and middle Holocene phase with mainly peat growth in the floodplains, clastic sedimentation rates increased from 4000 BC on. This first phase was more pronounced and started somewhat earlier for colluvial deposits then for alluvial deposits. The main part of the Holocene deposits, both in colluvial and alluvial valleys, was deposited during the last 1 ka. The sedimentation pattern of the individual dated sites and the catchment‐wide pattern indicate that land use changes are responsible for the main variations in the Holocene sediment dynamics of this catchment, while the field data do not provide indications for a climatological influence on the sediment dynamics. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Provenance and depositional environments of Quaternary sediments from the western North Sea Basin
Authors: Davies Bethan J. , Roberts David H. , Bridgland David R. , Cofaigh Colm Ó , Riding James B. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAs the majority of the data on Quaternary sediments from the North Sea Basin are seismostratigraphical, we analysed the Elsterian Swarte Bank Formation, the Late Saalian Fisher Formation and the Late Weichselian (Dimlington Stadial) Bolders Bank Formation in order to determine genesis and provenance. The Swarte Bank Formation is a subglacial till containing palynomorphs from the Moray Forth and the northeastern North Sea, and metamorphic heavy minerals from the Scottish Highlands. The Fisher Formation was sampled from the northern and central North Sea. In the north, it is interpreted as a subglacial till, with glaciomarine sediments cropping out further south. These sediments exhibit a provenance signature consistent with the Midland Valley of Scotland, the Eocene of the North Sea Basin, the Grampian Highlands and northeast Scotland. The Bolders Bank Formation is a subglacial till containing palynomorphs from the Midland Valley of Scotland, northern Britain, and a metamorphic heavy‐mineral suite indicative of the Grampian Highlands, Southern Uplands and northeast Scotland. These data demonstrate that there was repeated glaciation of the North Sea Basin during the Middle and Late Pleistocene, with ice sheets originating in northern Scotland. There was no evidence for a Scandinavian ice sheet in the western North Sea basin. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cosmogenic 10Be insights into the extent and chronology of the last deglaciation in Wester Ross, northwest Scotland
Authors: McCormack Deborah C. , Brocklehurst Simon H. , Irving Duncan H.B. , Fabel Derek 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCosmogenic 10Be surface exposure ages for bedrock sites around Torridon and the Applecross Peninsula in Wester Ross, northwest Scotland, provide new insights into the Lateglacial transition. Accounting for postglacial weathering, six statistically comparable exposure ages give a late Younger Dryas (G‐1) exposure age of 11.8 ± 1.1 ka. Two further outliers are tentative pre‐Younger Dryas exposure ages of 13.4 ± 0.5 ka in Torridon, and 17.5 ± 1.2 ka in Applecross. The Younger Dryas exposure ages have compelling implications for the deglaciation of marginal Loch Lomond Stadial ice fields in Torridon and Applecross. Firstly, they conflict with predictions of restricted ice cover and rapid retreat based on modelling experiments and climate proxies, instead fitting a model of vertically extensive and prolonged ice coverage in Wester Ross. Secondly, they indicate that >2 m of erosion took place in the upper valleys of Torridon and Applecross during the Younger Dryas, implying a dominantly warm‐based glacial regime. Finally, the exposure ages have clarified that corrie (cirque) glaciers did not readvance in Wester Ross, following final deglaciation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retinal in bacteriorhodopsin and related molecular models investigated with Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations
Authors: Tommasini Matteo , Lucotti Andrea , Zerbi Giuseppe 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA first‐principles assisted study of the Raman spectrum associated with the photoactive chromophore in bacteriorhodopsin (bR) allowed the elucidation of the effective coupling existing between the π electrons of the retinylidene chromophore and the local environment of the Schiff base. The role of the counter‐ion on the electronic and vibrational structure of the chromophore is investigated by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Several molecular models of the retinylidene chromophore interacting with different counter‐ions facing the Schiff base have been considered. The counter‐ion induces a strong modulation of the position of both the UV–vis absorption maximum and the strong Raman active collective CC stretching mode, related to the effective conjugation coordinate (ECC). Experimental Raman and UV–vis absorption data are interpreted in the light of these theoretical findings. The data collected in this paper provide an interesting accumulation of points along the optical gap versus ECC wavenumber relationship. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman spectroscopic study of various types of tourmalines
Authors: Hoang Luc Huy , Hien Nguyen Thi Minh , Chen Xiang Bai , Minh Nguyen Van , Yang In‐Sang 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBoth polarized and unpolarized Raman scattering studies of seven tourmalines from the Lucyen mines in Vietnam are presented. These tourmalines, according to their chemical compositions, can be classified into four groups: G1, liddicoatite; G2, elbaite; G3, uvite; and G4, feruvite. The Raman spectra were recorded in two spectral ranges, i.e. 150–1600 cm−1 and 3000–4000 cm−1. In the lower spectral range, which covers the metal ion‐oxygen bond vibrations, all the observed A1 and E modes are identified. In the higher spectral range, we investigated the OH stretching vibrations and showed that all the observed OH stretching modes have the A1 character. In both spectral ranges, we found that the same group classification of tourmalines can be applied, and the grouping characterizations are consistent with the chemical composition results. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monolithic poly(ethylhexyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylene dimethacrylate) column with restricted access layers prepared via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization
Authors: Turson Mamat , Zhou Man , Jiang Ping , Dong Xiangchao 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe “living”/controlled radical polymerization has provided an opportunity in making a more homogeneous polymer, which is favorable for polymer‐based monolithic column fabrication. To study its application in the preparation of separation material, a capillary poly(ethylhexyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylene dimethacrylate) monolithic column has been synthesized by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The correlation between the synthetic conditions and the polymer structures and separation performance was studied. The result indicated RAFT‐mediated reaction provides condition for creating polymers with narrower pore size distribution and higher column efficiency compared with traditional polymerization. The “living” property of the RAFT polymerization was further utilized to graft hydrophilic polymer on the surface of poly(ethylhexyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylene dimethacrylate). The hydrophilic chain modified monolithic column has both abilities of protein exclusion and small hydrophobic compound retention. The result indicated that RAFT polymerization can be used for making multifunctional material. The restricted access monolithic material synthesized by this method can be used in biological sample analysis with HPLC direct injection.
The quays in salford: an analysis of visitor perceptions, satisfaction and behavioural intention
Authors: Craggs Ruth , Schofield Peter 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDespite an extensive literature on urban regeneration, visitor perceptions of urban waterfront destinations and their subsequent outcomes remain largely unexplored. The paper reports the findings from a survey of visitors to the Quays in Salford; it focuses on their perceptions, satisfaction and behavioural intentions. While the primary attractions were found to have an important influence, the secondary elements explain more of the variance in overall satisfaction and intention to return to the Quays and the environmental aspects have a greater influence on visitor intention to recommend the destination. The implications of the findings for destination management and marketing are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Frequency of and subjective response to critical incidents in the prediction of PTSD in emergency personnel
Authors: Declercq Frédéric , Meganck Reitske , Deheegher J. , Van Hoorde H. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this study, the authors compared the respective contribution of an individual's subjective response and the frequency of exposure to critical incidents to the development of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a sample of 136 nurses and ambulance personnel working in military facilities. They found no relationship between the frequency of encountered critical incidents and the occurrence of PTSD symptoms. The subjective response to a stressor contributed to the development of PTSD symptoms and was most strongly associated with intrusion, partial eta squared =.23, and hyperarousal symptoms, partial eta squared =.16. Stressors that elicited the most intense affects within this population were those involving children and those where workers encountered limitations in supplies and resources.
Variation of fluorescence in tissue with temperature
Authors: Zaman Raiyan T. , Rajaram Narasimhan , Walsh Alex , Oliver Jeffrey , Rylander Henry G. , Tunnell James W. , Welch Ashley J. , Mahadevan‐Jansen Anita 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectivePrevious studies demonstrated a decrease in fluorescence intensity as tissue temperature increased. In vitro samples were increased from room temperature and in vivo canine liver from body temperature. This study investigated variations in fluorescence intensity with temperatures starting at 14°C and compared in vivo and in vitro results for consistency.Study Design/Material and MethodsA fiber optic‐based noninvasive system was used to characterize the temperature effect on tissue fluorescence in hamster dorsal skin in vivo, and in sclera and cornea of enucleated pig eyes in vitro. As tissue was allowed to progress through the temperature range of 14–42°C, the spectra of auto‐fluorescence with respect to temperature was sampled every 1–2 minutes. A pulsed nitrogen laser was used to excite fluorescence through a fiber optic probe with a source‐detector aperture separation of 370 µm.ResultsFluorescence intensity decreased as temperature increased from 14 to 42°C in a phantom containing Rhodamine B dye. Results from both in vivo and in vitro tissue followed the same trend of decreasing intensity as tissue temperature increased from 14°C. Spectral intensity lineshape changed around 450 nm due to absorption from tissue.ConclusionCooling a tissue increased fluorescence intensity of skin in vivo, in all experiments. In vitro results were consistent with in vivo measurements. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:36–42, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interstitial laser thermotherapy of a rat liver tumour: Effect of hepatic inflow occlusion
Authors: Sturesson Christian , Ivarsson Kjell , Stenram Unne , Andersson‐Engels Stefan , Tranberg Karl‐Göran 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveInterstitial laser thermotherapy was used to treat rat liver tumours. The aim was to investigate the influence of temperature and temporary hepatic inflow occlusion on tumour growth and blood perfusion.Study Design/Materials and MethodsLiver tumours were treated at 44°C at the tumour border for 30 minutes, hepatic inflow occlusion only, or a combination of these methods. Interstitial laser Doppler flowmetry was used to measure hepatic perfusion at the tumour border during and after heat treatment, for a total time of 60 minutes. Tumour growth was evaluated 6 days after treatment.ResultsTumours subjected to the combined treatment of hepatic inflow occlusion and interstitial laser thermotherapy displayed a blood perfusion reduction 30 minutes after treatment to 18 ± 5% of initial perfusion, which was significantly lower than achieved with thermotherapy alone (52 ± 10%, P = 0.02). The combined treatment and treatment with thermotherapy alone resulted in relative tumour growth of 0.3 ± 0.1 and 1.0 ± 0.2, respectively (P = 0.04).ConclusionInflow occlusion enhanced the effect of thermotherapy not by augmenting treatment temperatures but by increasing the thermal sensitivity of the tumour, reflected by an immediate effect on tumour blood perfusion. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:29–35, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Single walled carbon nanohorns as photothermal cancer agents
Authors: Whitney Jon R. , Sarkar Saugata , Zhang Jianfei , Do Thao , Young Taylor , Manson Mary Kyle , Campbell Thomas A. , Puretzky Alex A. , Rouleau Christopher M. , More Karen L. , Geohegan David B. , Rylander Christopher G. , Dorn Harry C. , Rylander Marissa Nichole 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundNanoparticles have significant potential as selective photo‐absorbing agents for laser based cancer treatment. This study investigates the use of single walled carbon nanohorns (SWNHs) as thermal enhancers when excited by near infrared (NIR) light for tumor cell destruction.MethodsAbsorption spectra of SWNHs in deionized water at concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.085, and 0.1 mg/ml were measured using a spectrophotometer for the wavelength range of 200–1,400 nm. Mass attenuation coefficients were calculated using spectrophotometer transmittance data. Cell culture media containing 0, 0.01, 0.085, and 0.333 mg/ml SWNHs was laser irradiated at 1,064 nm wavelength with an irradiance of 40 W/cm2 for 0–5 minutes. Temperature elevations of these solutions during laser irradiation were measured with a thermocouple 8 mm away from the incident laser beam. Cell viability of murine kidney cancer cells (RENCA) was measured 24 hours following laser treatment with the previously mentioned laser parameters alone or with SWNHs. Cell viability as a function of radial position was determined qualitatively using trypan blue staining and bright field microscopy for samples exposed to heating durations of 2 and 6 minutes alone or with 0.085 mg/ml SWNHs. A Beckman Coulter Vi‐Cell instrument quantified cell viability of samples treated with varying SWNH concentration (0, 0.01, 0.085, and 0.333 mg/ml) and heating durations of 0–6 minutes.ResultsSpectrophotometer measurements indicated inclusion of SWNHs increased light absorption and attenuation across all wavelengths. Utilizing SWNHs with laser irradiation increased temperature elevation compared to laser heating alone. Greater absorption and higher temperature elevations were observed with increasing SWNH concentration. No inherent toxicity was observed with SWNH inclusion. A more rapid and substantial viability decline was observed over time in samples exposed to SWNHs with laser treatment compared with samples experiencing laser heating or SWNH treatment alone. Samples heated for 6 minutes with 0.085 mg/ml SWNHs demonstrated increasing viability as the radial distance from the incident laser beam increased.ConclusionsThe significant increases in absorption, temperature elevation, and cell death with inclusion of SWNHs in laser therapy demonstrate the potential of their use as agents for enhancing photothermal tumor destruction. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:43–51, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Semi‐Synthetic Polysaccharide Sulfates as Anticoagulant Coatings for PET, 1 – Cellulose Sulfate
Authors: Gericke Martin , Doliška Aleš , Stana Jan , Liebert Tim , Heinze Thomas , Stana‐Kleinschek Karin 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn the present study, blood‐compatible PET surfaces were prepared by coating with anticoagulant cellulose sulfates that were synthesized homogeneously in ionic liquids. The adsorption behavior of polysaccharides on PET films was investigated using QCM‐D. It was demonstrated that pre‐coating with different amino‐group‐containing polysaccharides improves the affinity toward cellulose sulfate. Moreover, the effect of different degrees of sulfation on the adsorption process was evaluated. Based on these results, several layer‐by‐layer coated PET foils were prepared that showed significantly improved blood compatibility compared to the initial untreated material.
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Computer‐aided design of broadband single balanced waveguide mixer at K‐band
Authors: Kumar Arun 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this article, computer‐aided design of a broadband single balanced waveguide mixer covering full K‐band (18 to 26.5 GHz) is presented.Emphasis has been given on simple design approach of the mixer using commercially available CAD (computer‐aided design) tools. The mixer circuit is implemented on suspended stripline etched on soft substrate that is integrated with RF (radio frequency) and LO (local oscillator) waveguides. Conversion loss of 6–8 dB with 8.5 GHz instantaneous IF (intermediate frequency) bandwidth has been achieved with +10 dBm LO power at 35 GHz and the RF swept from 18 to 26.5 GHz. A systematic design approach of the mixer is presented with its simulated and experimental results. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:586–588, 2011; View this article at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25759
A novel planar inverted‐F antenna (PIFA) for WLAN/WiMAX applications
Authors: Ojaroudi M. , Hassanpour M. , Ghobadi Ch. , Nourinia J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA novel planar inverted‐F antenna (PIFA) for WLAN and WiMAX applications is presented. The proposed antenna with small size of 24 × 3 mm2, consists of rectangular radiating patch with T‐shaped notch and a notched ground plane with rectangular slot which provides a usable fractional bandwidth of 4.95–5.91 GHz. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:649–652, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25762
1D Koch fractal electromagnetic bandgap microstrip structures with r/a ratios higher than 0.5
Authors: Ruiz Juan de Dios , Martínez Félix L. , Hinojosa Juan 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA 1D Koch fractal electromagnetic bandgap (KFEBG) microstrip structure is proposed.It is conceived by replacing the conventional holes etched in the ground plane of a microstrip line by level‐1 Koch fractal cell geometries, which have been obtained from a hexagonal shape. In the case of the conventional 1D electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) microstrip structure with periodic hole pattern, the design is limited to r/a ratios lower than 0.45, whereas the proposed pattern allows achieving r/a ratios higher than 0.5. It is shown that the conventional EBG and KFEBG microstrip structures behave as a stopband filter as r/a < 0.45. However, for r/a = 0.55, the measurements have confirmed that the 1D KFEBG microstrip structure presents a ultra‐wide stopband and, therefore, the proposed structure with r/a > 0.5 can be useful for the design of low‐pass filters. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:646–649, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25763
Cross slot multifrequency patch antennas
Authors: Lolit Kumar Singh L. , Gupta Bhaskar , Sarkar Partha P. , Yoshitomi K. , Yasumoto K. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTwo simple single layer single feed cross slot patch antennas with air dielectric (εr = 1) substrate providing multiple frequency operation is proposed.At first a cross slot rectangular patch antenna providing quad frequency operation is proposed and experimentally studied. The measured quad frequencies are 1.93, 2.57, 3.18, and 3.56 GHz. Another cross slot trapezium patch antenna providing quad frequency operation is proposed and experimentally studied. The measured quad frequencies are at 1.43, 1.81, 2.97, and 3.58 GHz. Trapezium patch antenna is found to be more compact in size and as well as reduction in resonant frequency compared to rectangular patch antenna. Measured values are in good agreement with simulated results. The measured radiation patterns at each measured resonant frequency are also shown. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:612–615, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25765
Wide‐band ÷3 injection locked frequency divider in 0.35 μm SiGe BiCMOS
Authors: Jang Sheng‐Lyang , Hsu Chun‐Wei , Chang Chia‐Wei , Hsue Ching‐Wen 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA wide‐band ÷3 injection locked frequency divider (ILFD) has been proposed, and it is based on a single‐stage voltage‐controlled oscillator with active‐inductor and HBT diodes, and was fabricated in the 0.35 μm silicon‐germanium 3P3M BiCMOS technology. The ILFD has wide operation range and was performed by injecting a differential signal to the bases of the injection HBTs. At the supply voltage VDD = 1.8 V, the oscillation frequency of the ILFD with two tuning voltages is tunable from 4.17 to 2.12 GHz, and at the incident power of 0 dBm, the ÷3 operation range is 5.93 GHz, from the incident frequency 6.3 to 12.23 GHz. The die area is 0.59 × 0.63 mm2. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:609–611, 2011; View this article at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25771
A 33% tuning range voltage‐controlled oscillator robust to environmental variation
Authors: Jang Sheng‐Lyang , Chen Yu‐Sheng , Liu Cheng‐Chen , Juang Miin‐Horng 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA low‐voltage differential voltage‐controlled oscillator (VCO) is designed and implemented in a 90‐nm CMOS 1P9M process.The designed circuit topology is an nMOS‐core cross‐coupled LC‐tank VCO robust to process, voltage and temperature variation. At the supply voltage of 0.4 V, the output phase noise of the VCO is −108.78 dBc/Hz at 1‐MHz offset frequency from the carrier frequency of 10.13 GHz, and the figure of merit is −187.68 dBc/Hz. The power consumption is 1.32 mW. Tuning range is about 3.62 GHz, from 9.15 to 12.77 GHz, while the control voltage was tuned from 0 to 1.0 V. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:517–519, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25775