bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apolipoprotein A-I Mimetic Peptides Prevent Atherosclerosis Development and Reduce Plaque Inflammation in a Murine Model of Diabetes
Authors: Morgantini Cecilia , Imaizumi Satoshi , Grijalva Victor , Navab Mohamad , Fogelman Alan M. , Reddy Srinivasa T. 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVETo determine the effect of the apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) mimetic peptide, D-4F, on atherosclerosis development in a pre-existing diabetic condition.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe induced hyperglycemia in 6-week-old apoE−/− female mice using streptozotocin. Half of the diabetic apoE−/− mice received D-4F in drinking water. Ten weeks later, plasma lipids, glucose, insulin levels, atherosclerotic lesions, and lesion macrophage content were measured.RESULTSDiabetic apoE−/− mice developed ∼300% more lesion area, marked dyslipidemia, increased glucose levels, and reduced plasma insulin levels when compared with nondiabetic apoE−/− mice. Atherosclerotic lesions were significantly reduced in the D-4F–treated diabetic apoE−/− mice in whole aorta (1.11 ± 0.73 vs. 0.58 ± 0.44, percentage of whole aorta, P &lt; 0.01) and in aortic roots (36,038 ± 18,467 μm2/section vs. 17,998 ± 12,491 μm2/section, P &lt; 0.01) when compared with diabetic apoE−/− mice that did not receive D-4F. Macrophage content in atherosclerotic lesions from D-4F–treated diabetic apoE−/− mice was significantly reduced when compared with nontreated animals (78.03 ± 26.1 vs. 29.6 ± 15.2 P &lt; 0.001, percentage of whole plaque). There were no differences in glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels between the two groups. Arachidonic acid, PGE2, PGD2, 15-HETE, 12-HETE, and 13-HODE concentrations were significantly increased in the liver tissue of diabetic apoE−/− mice compared with nondiabetic apoE−/− mice and significantly reduced by D-4F treatment.CONCLUSIONSOur results suggest that oral D-4F can prevent atherosclerosis development in pre-existing diabetic mice and this is associated with a reduction in hepatic arachidonic acid and oxidized fatty acid levels.
Safety and patient comfort with iodixanol: A postmarketing surveillance study in 9515 patients undergoing diagnostic CT examinations
Authors: Häussler Marc D. 
Published: September 2010

Background: Iodinated radiographic contrast media are considered safe diagnostic drugs with a low incidence of adverse drug reactions. Purpose: To determine prospectively the incidence and nature of immediate and delayed adverse drug reactions occurring after administration of iodixanol for contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) in routine practice in nonselected patients, and to assess patient comfort (pain and sensations of heat or coldness). Material and Methods: Patient characteristics (including demographics, risk factors, indication for CT, and status of the vein used to administer iodixanol) and aspects of iodixanol administration (including dose and volume) were documented on a standardized case report form. Patients were asked to report immediate (during the visit) or delayed (occurring up to 7 days after administration of iodixanol) adverse reactions; those deemed related or possibly related to iodixanol were documented on a standardized adverse drug reaction form. Discomfort was rated by patients on a scale of 0–10 for pain, heat, and coldness; individual scores were combined into a composite score (0–30). Results: Evaluable documentation was provided for 9515 patients in 77 centers across Germany. Adverse drug reactions were reported in 70 patients (0.74%), including hypersensitivity reactions in 55 patients. Thirty patients experienced immediate reactions and 40 experienced delayed reactions. Serious adverse drug reactions were evident in five patients (0.05%). Patients with allergic diathesis appeared to be at increased risk of immediate and delayed adverse drug reactions. Discomfort was generally mild, with 72% of patients reporting a composite score of 0–3. Conclusion: In the outpatient setting, where it is often difficult to properly assess patients for specific risk factors, it was reassuring that iodixanol demonstrated an excellent safety profile in over 9500 patients undergoing diagnostic CT examinations. There were no unexpected serious adverse drug reactions, and patient discomfort during administration was mild or absent in most patients.
A Comparison of Mercury Contamination in Mussel and Ammocoete Filter Feeders
Authors: Bettaso Jamie B. , Goodman Damon H. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The Trinity River, California, has an extensive history of gold and mercury mining, and recent studies demonstrated uptake of legacy mercury contamination by teleost fishes. We investigated mercury concentrations of larval lampreys (ammocoetes; Entosphenus spp.) and western pearlshell mussels (Margaritifera falcata) in the Trinity River to determine whether these two long-lived and sedentary filter feeders show site-specific differences in uptake of this contaminant. We analyzed ammocoetes from four sites in the Trinity River and one reference site in the Mad River for total mercury and mussels from three of the Trinity River sites for total and methyl mercury. We identified longitudinal gradients in ammocoete total mercury levels and methyl mercury in mussels. We found a 70% increase in total mercury in ammocoetes between two of the sample sites, suggesting a potential point source of contamination. Ammocoetes contained levels of mercury 12 to 25 times those of mussels from the same site. Our data indicate that ammocoetes may be a preferred organism to sample for mercury contamination and ecological effects compared with mussels in the Trinity River.
Context-Dependent Regulation of Hematopoietic Lineage Choice by HEBAlt
Authors: Wang Duncheng , Claus Carol L. , Rajkumar Paula , Braunstein Marsela , Moore Amanda J. , Sigvardsson Mikael , Anderson Michele K. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Hematopoietic development is controlled by combinatorial interactions between E-protein transcription factors and other lineage regulators that operate in the context of gene-regulatory networks. The E-proteins HEB and E2A are critical for T cell and B cell development, but the mechanisms by which their activities are directed to different genes in each lineage are unclear. We found that a short form of HEB, HEBAlt, acts downstream of Delta-like (DL)-Notch signaling to promote T cell development. In this paper, we show that forced expression of HEBAlt in mouse hematopoietic progenitors inhibited B cell development, but it allowed them to adopt a myeloid fate. HEBAlt interfered with the activity of E2A homodimers and with the expression of the transcription factor Pax5, both of which are critical for B cell development. However, when combined with DL-Notch signaling, HEBAlt enhanced the generation of T cell progenitors at the expense of myeloid cells. The longer form of HEB, HEBCan, also inhibited E47 activity and Pax5 expression, but it did not collaborate with DL-Notch signaling to suppress myeloid potential. Therefore, HEBAlt can suppress B cell or myeloid potential in a context-specific manner, which suggests a role for this factor in maintaining T lineage priming prior to commitment.
TLR4 and TLR5 on Corneal Macrophages Regulate Pseudomonas aeruginosa Keratitis by Signaling through MyD88-Dependent and -Independent Pathways
Authors: Sun Yan , Karmakar Mausita , Roy Sanhita , Ramadan Raniyah T. , Williams Susan R. , Howell Scott , Shive Carey L. , Han Yiping , Stopford Charles M. , Rietsch Arne , Pearlman Eric 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of blindness and visual impairment in the United States and worldwide. Using a murine model of keratitis in which abraded corneas are infected with P. aeruginosa parent and ΔfliC (aflagellar) strains 19660 and PAO1, we found that F4/80+ macrophages were the predominant cell type in the cornea expressing TLR2, TLR4, and TLR5. Depletion of macrophages and dendritic cells using transgenic Mafia mice, in which Fas ligand is selectively activated in these cells, resulted in diminished cytokine production and cellular infiltration to the corneal stroma and unimpaired bacterial growth. TLR4−/− mice showed a similar phenotype postinfection with ΔfliC strains, whereas TLR4/5−/− mice were susceptible to corneal infection with parent strains. Bone marrow-derived macrophages stimulated with ΔfliC bacteria induced Toll/IL-1R intracellular domain (TIR)-containing adaptor inducing IFN-β (TRIF)-dependent phosphorylation of IFN regulatory factor 3 in addition to TIR-containing adaptor protein/MyD88-dependent phosphorylation of IκB and nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of NFκB. Furthermore, TRIF−/− mice showed a similar phenotype as TLR4−/− mice in regulating only ΔfliC bacteria, whereas MyD88−/− mice were unable to clear parent or ΔfliC bacteria. Finally, IL-1R1−/− and IL-1α/β−/− mice were highly susceptible to infection. Taken together, these findings indicate that P. aeruginosa activates TLR4/5 on resident corneal macrophages, which signal through TRIF and TIR-containing adaptor protein/MyD88 pathways, leading to NF-κB translocation to the nucleus, transcription of CXCL1 and other CXC chemokines, recruitment of neutrophils to the corneal stroma, and subsequent bacterial killing and tissue damage. IL-1α and IL-1β are also produced, which activate an IL-1R1/MyD88-positive feedback loop in macrophages and IL-1R on other resident cells in the cornea.
Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Activity in T Cells Regulates the Magnitude of the Germinal Center Reaction
Authors: Rolf Julia , Bell Sarah E. , Kovesdi Dorottya , Janas Michelle L. , Soond Dalya R. , Webb Louise M. C. , Santinelli Sara , Saunders Ted , Hebeis Barbara , Killeen Nigel , Okkenhaug Klaus , Turner Martin 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The generation of high-affinity Abs is essential for immunity and requires collaboration between B and T cells within germinal centers (GCs). By using novel mouse models with a conditional deletion of the p110δ catalytic subunit of the PI3K pathway, we established that p110δ is required in T cells, but not in B cells, for the GC reaction. We found the formation of T follicular helper (TFH) cells to be critically dependent on p110δ in T cells. Furthermore, by deleting phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10, which opposes p110δ in activated T cells, we found a positive correlation between increased numbers of TFH cells and GC B cells. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that T cell help is the limiting factor in the GC reaction. P110δ was not required for the expression of B cell lymphoma 6, the downregulation of CCR7, or T cell entry into primary follicles. Instead, p110δ was the critical catalytic subunit for ICOS downstream signaling and the production of key TFH cytokines and effector molecules. Our findings support a model in which the magnitude of the GC reaction is controlled by the activity of the PI3K pathway in TFH cells.
Oral and dental abnormalities in Barber–Say syndrome
Authors: Martins Fabiana , Ortega Karem Lopez , Hiraoka Cybelle , Ricardo Patricia , Magalhães Marina 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA previously unreported case of Barber–Say syndrome is described with special attention to dental manifestations. A 7‐year‐old female with multiple congenital anomalies such mammary gland hypoplasia, hypertrichosis, ectropion, and redundant skin was seen at the School of Dentistry of the University of São Paulo. Oral examination revealed macrostomia, broad alveolar ridges, gingival fibromatosis, taurodontism, delayed tooth eruption, and malocclusion. Dental treatment included gingivoplasty and orthodontic treatment. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phenotypic features of carbohydrate sulfotransferase 3 (CHST3) deficiency in 24 patients: Congenital dislocations and vertebral changes as principal diagnostic features
Authors: Unger Sheila , Lausch Ekkehart , Rossi Antonio , Mégarbané Andre , Sillence David , Alcausin Melanie , Aytes Antonio , Mendoza‐Londono Roberto , Nampoothiri Sheela , Afroze Bushra , Hall Bryan , Lo Ivan F.M. , Lam Stephen T.S. , Hoefele Julia , Rost Imma , Wakeling Emma , Mangold Elisabeth , Godbole Komudi , Vatanavicharn Nithiwat , Franco Luis M. , Chandler Kate , Hollander Sophia , Velten Tanja , Reicherter Kerstin , Spranger Jürgen , Robertson Stephen , Bonafé Luisa , Zabel Bernhard , Superti‐Furga Andrea 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe recently reported on the deficiency of carbohydrate sulfotransferase 3 (CHST3; chondroitin‐6‐sulfotransferase) in six subjects diagnosed with recessive Larsen syndrome or humero‐spinal dysostosis [Hermanns et al. (2008); Am J Hum Genet 82:1368–1374]. Since then, we have identified 17 additional families with CHST3 mutations and we report here on a series of 24 patients in 23 families. The diagnostic hypothesis prior to molecular analysis had been: Larsen syndrome (15 families), humero‐spinal dysostosis (four cases), chondrodysplasia with multiple dislocations (CDMD “Megarbane type”; two cases), Desbuquois syndrome (one case), and spondylo‐epiphyseal dysplasia (one case). In spite of the different diagnostic labels, the clinical features in these patients were similar and included dislocation of the knees and/or hips at birth, clubfoot, elbow joint dysplasia with subluxation and limited extension, short stature, and progressive kyphosis developing in late childhood. The most useful radiographic clues were the changes of the lumbar vertebrae. Twenty‐four different CHST3 mutations were identified; 16 patients had homozygous mutations. We conclude that CHST3 deficiency presents at birth with congenital dislocations of knees, hips, and elbows, and is often diagnosed initially as Larsen syndrome, humero‐spinal dysostosis, or chondrodysplasia with dislocations. The incidence of CHST3 deficiency seems to be higher than assumed so far. The clinical and radiographic pattern (joint dislocations, vertebral changes, normal carpal age, lack of facial flattening, and recessive inheritance) is characteristic and distinguishes CHST3 deficiency from other disorders with congenital dislocations such as filamin B‐associated dominant Larsen syndrome and Desbuquois syndrome. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A de novo 22q11.22q11.23 interchromosomal tandem duplication in a boy with developmental delay, hyperactivity, and epilepsy
Authors: Shimojima Keiko , Imai Katsumi , Yamamoto Toshiyuki 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe recent development of high‐throughput analysis for genomic copy numbers has enabled to identify microscopic chromosomal duplications that had never been recognized before. Microarray‐based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) identified a de novo 2.1‐Mb microduplication in the 22q11.22q11.23 region surrounded by low copy repeats (LCRs) LCR22E and LCR22H in a 5‐year‐old boy with developmental delay, hyperactivity, epilepsy, and distinctive facial features, which were within the wide range of the clinical manifestations of the patients with the same duplication pattern. Fiber‐fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis confirmed that the duplicated segments were aligned in a tandem configuration. Familial single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing determined that the duplication was derived from paternal interchromosomal non‐allelic homologous recombination (NAHR) during the first meiotic process of spermatogenesis. Although no patient with the deletions of the distal 22q11.2 has been reported as showing epilepsy, at least five patients including the presenting patient having the duplication between LCR22E and LCR22G showed epilepsy. Thus, the gain of the genomic copy number of this region may have epileptogenesis. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparation of high‐performance polyethylene via a novel processing method of combining dynamic vulcanization with a silane‐grafted water‐crosslinking technique
Authors: Gan Quan , Qi Rongrong , Zhang Jiuli , Yu Juan , Huang Shuangwu 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA novel processing method of combining dynamic vulcanization with the silane‐grafted water‐crosslinking technique to improve the comprehensive properties of polyethylene (PE) is reported. PE was grafted with vinyl triethoxysilane (VTEO) first, and then, N,N,N′,N′‐ tetragylcidyl‐4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane epoxy resin was dynamically cured in a PE‐g‐VTEO matrix through a twin‐screw extruder to prepare PE‐g‐VTEO/epoxy blends. Polyethylene‐graft‐maleic anhydride (PE‐g‐MAH) was used as a compatibilizer to improve the interaction between PE‐g‐VTEO and the epoxy resin. The results show that the novel processing method improved the strength, stiffness, and toughness of the blends, especially the heat resistance of the blends, by the addition of the dynamically cured epoxy resin as the reinforcement. PE‐g‐MAH increased the compatibility between PE‐g‐VTEO and the epoxy resin, which played an important role in the improvement of the comprehensive properties of the blends. In addition, after treatments in both hot air and hot water, the comprehensive properties of blends were further improved, thanks to the further curing reaction of epoxy with PE‐g‐VTEO. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Study on soluble polyaniline by positron annihilation technique
Authors: Dan Ananya , Sengupta P. K. , Ganguly Bichitra N. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe solubility, electrical conductivity, and other properties of polyaniline (PANI) are highly dependent on its oxidation state. In this work, polyaniline (PANI1) prepared by peroxodisulphate induced polymerization of aniline in acidic aqueous medium in presence of benzenediazonium chloride salt was found to exist in lower oxidation state than emeraldine form of PANI and was highly soluble in common organic solvents. This polymer was subjected to positron annihilation spectroscopic study to investigate the correlation between the oxidation state of the polymer and defect sites generated by different degrees of protonation that in turn affect its electrical conductivity. The positron annihilation lifetime data were resolved to yield a three‐component fit for PANI1 subjected to different levels of protonation. The variation of positron annihilation parameters (τ1,I2) and Doppler broadening parameters (R, S) as a function of protonation level of the polymer indicate the dopant sites increase initially on protonation and reach a saturation value after a certain level of acidification. The lower value of electrical conductivity and the intensity of intermediate lifetime component (I2) for PANI1 compared to PANI in emeraldine oxidation state indicate the presence of lesser number of quinoid–imine moieties that could undergo protonation and thus yield highly enriched trapping centers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis of copolyfluorenes with high fluorenone contents and its application in electroluminescent device by simple blending
Authors: Wu Jyun‐Ru , Chen Yun , Wu Tzi‐Yi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPoly(fluorene‐co‐fluorenone)s containing high contents of fluorenone chromophore were synthesized by the Suzuki coupling reaction to study their electroluminescent (EL) properties. The copolymers are thermally stable below 430°C (Td) in nitrogen atmosphere. In film state, their absorption and photoluminescence spectra (peaked at 373–382 nm and 562–564 nm, respectively) are mainly originated from fluorenone units, because of its efficient energy transfer. Both LUMO and HOMO energy levels, estimated from their cyclic voltammograms, are lowered slightly (−3.17→−3.23 eV, −5.84→−5.89 eV) with increasing contents of electron‐withdrawing fluorenone units. Double‐layer EL devices, using the copolyfluorenes or their blends with poly(9,9‐dihexylfluorene) (PF) as emitting layer, show exclusive emission originated from fluorenone chromophore (565 nm) when its content is high. Blending 0.02–5 wt % of PF‐33 (fluorenone fraction: 0.37) with PF greatly enhances device performance (610 cd m−2 → 4400 cd m−2 and 0.45 cd A−1 → 1.52 cd A−1). Our results demonstrate that the copolyfluorenes are promising emitting materials for EL devices by simple blending. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Telechelic poly(L‐lactic acid) for dilactide production and prepolymer applications
Authors: Inkinen Saara , Nobes Geoffrey A. , Södergård Anders 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe suitability of different types of telechelic poly(lactic acid) (PLA) copolymers for dilactide production and prepolymer products was evaluated. L‐lactic acid (L‐LA) was copolymerized with 1,4‐butanediol, pentaerythritol, adipic acid, or 1,2,3,4‐butanetetracarboxylic acid (1,2,3,4‐BTCA). The influence of branching, the choice of catalyst, and the type of terminal groups on the properties and the thermal stability of the end product was determined. Carboxyl‐termination of PLA was shown to lead to higher molar masses than hydroxyl‐termination. The observed differences in the molar masses were explained by the lower thermal stability of the hydroxyl‐terminated PLA, as evidenced by the faster depolymerization rate of the hydroxyl‐terminated polymers and their higher tendency to undergo racemization. Sn(Oct)2 was found to be a more effective copolymerization catalyst than Fe(OAc)2 in terms of the final molar masses obtained. It was additionally found that the amount of chains not attached to the comonomers decreased toward longer polymerization times and was typically higher for the hydroxyl‐terminated copolymers. The results suggest that predominant carboxyl‐termination would increase the thermal stability of PLA polymers, whereas hydroxyl‐termination could be utilized to increase the production speed and efficiency of dilactide. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Acid dyeable and printable acrylic fabrics treated with cationic aqueous polyurethane
Authors: Kantouch F. A. , El‐Sayed A. Atef 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAn acid dyeable acrylic fabric has been obtained by the pretreatment with cationic aqueous polyurethane, containing different amounts of quaternary nitrogen. Cationic polyurethane has the ability to interact with the carboxylic groups in the acrylic fabrics, as well as providing basic sites suitable for acid dyeing. The prepared polyurethane has been identified with FTIR, and the effect of the pretreatment conditions on the dyeability and printability of the fabrics has been investigated. The color strength values and the fastness properties of the dyed and printed samples, reveal the ionic interaction between the sulphonic groups in the acid dye molecules and the quaternary nitrogen on the fabrics. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Highly transparent films from carboxymethylated microfibrillated cellulose: The effect of multiple homogenization steps on key properties
Authors: Siró I. , Plackett D. , Hedenqvist M. , Ankerfors M. , Lindström T. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe produced microfibrillated cellulose by passing carboxymethylated sulfite‐softwood‐dissolving pulp with a relatively low hemicellulose content (4.5%) through a high‐shear homogenizer. The resulting gel was subjected to as many as three additional homogenization steps and then used to prepare solvent‐cast films. The optical, mechanical, and oxygen‐barrier properties of these films were determined. A reduction in the quantity and appearance of large fiber fragments and fiber aggregates in the films as a function of increasing homogenization was illustrated with optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Film opacity decreased with increasing homogenization, and the use of three additional homogenization steps after initial gel production resulted in highly transparent films. The oxygen permeability of the films was not significantly influenced by the degree of homogenization, whereas the mean tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and strain at break were increased by two or three extra homogenization steps. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011