bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Singular contact varieties
Authors: Śmiech Robert 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this note we propose the generalization of the notion of a holomorphic contact structure on a manifold (smooth variety) to varieties with rational singularities and prove basic properties of such objects. Natural examples of singular contact varieties come from the theory of nilpotent orbits: every projectivization of the closure of a nilpotent orbit in a semisimple Lie algebra satisfies our definition after normalization. We show the correspondence between symplectic varieties with the structure of a $$\mathbb {C}^*$$

C

∗

-bundle and the contact ones along with the existence of stratification à la Kaledin. In the projective case we demonstrate the equivalence between crepant and contact resolutions of singularities, show the uniruledness and give a full classification of projective contact varieties in dimension 3.
Haemoglobinopathies and other rare anemias in Spain: ten years of a nationwide registry (REHem-AR)
Authors: Marco Sánchez José Manuel , Bardón Cancho Eduardo Jesús , Benéitez David , Payán-Pernía Salvador , Collado Gimbert Anna , Ruiz-Llobet Anna , Salinas José Antonio , Sebastián Elena , Argilés Bienvenida , Bermúdez Mar , Vázquez María Ángeles , Ortega María José , López Rubio Montserrat , Gondra Ainhoa , Uriz José Javier , Morado Marta , Coll María Teresa , López Duarte Mónica , Baro María , Cervera Áurea , Recasens Valle , García Blanes Carmen , del Carcavilla María Pozo , Tallon María , González Espín Ana , Olteanu Olteanu Filip Camil , González Pablo , del Mañú Pereira María Mar , Cela Elena 
Published: May 2024

AbstractREHem-AR was created in 2013. The progressive implementation of neonatal screening for haemoglobinopathies in Spanish autonomous communities where the registry had not been implemented, as well as the addition of new centres during this period, has considerably increased the sample of patients covered. In this study, we update our previous publication in this area, after a follow-up of more than 5 years. An observational, descriptive, multicentre and ambispective study of adult and paediatric patients with haemoglobinopathies and rare anaemias registered in REHem was performed. The data are from a cross-sectional analysis performed on 1 June, 2023. The study population comprised 1,756 patients, of whom 1,317 had SCD, 214 had thalassaemia and 224 were diagnosed with another condition. Slightly more than one third of SCD patients (37%) were diagnosed based on neonatal bloodspot screening, and the mean age at diagnosis was 2.5 years; 71% of thalassaemia patients were diagnosed based on the presence of anaemia. Vaso-occlusive crisis and acute chest syndrome continue to be the most frequent complications in SCD. HSCT was performed in 83 patients with SCD and in 50 patients with thalassaemia. Since the previous publication, REHem-AR has grown in size by more than 500 cases. SCD and TM are less frequent in Spain than in other European countries, although the data show that rare anaemias are frequent within rare diseases. REHem-AR constitutes an important structure for following the natural history of rare anaemias and enables us to calculate investment needs for current and future treatments.
Motorcycle injuries: a systematic review for forensic evaluation
Authors: Giovannini Elena , Santelli Simone , Pelletti Guido , Bonasoni Maria Paola , Lacchè Elena , Pelotti Susi , Fais Paolo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe intricate interplay of exposure and speed leave motorcyclists vulnerable, leading to high mortality rates. During the collision, the driver and the passenger are usually projected away from the motorcycle, with variable trajectories or final positions. Injuries resulting from the crash can exhibit distinct and specific characteristics depending on the circumstances of the occurrence.The aim of this study is to provide a systematic review of the literature on injuries sustained by motorcyclists involved in road accidents describing and analyzing elements that are useful for forensic assessment.The literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science from January 1970 to June 2023. Eligible studies have investigated issues of interest to forensic medicine about during traffic accidents involving motorcycle. A total of 142 studies met the inclusion criteria and were classified and analyzed based on the anatomical regions of the body affected (head, neck, thoraco-abdominal, pelvis, and limb injuries). Moreover, also the strategies for preventing lesions and assessing injuries in the reconstruction of motorcycle accidents were examined and discussed.This review highlights that, beyond injuries commonly associated with motorcycle accidents, such as head injuries, there are also unique lesions linked to the specific dynamics of accidents. These include factors like the seating position of the passenger or impact with the helmet or motorbike components. The forensic assessment of injury distribution could serve as support in reconstructing the sequence of events leading to the crash and defining the cause of death in trauma fatalities.
Success rates of intensive aphasia therapy: real-world data from 448 patients between 2003 and 2020
Authors: Peitz Dorothea , Schumann-Werner Beate , Hussmann Katja , Pinho João , Chen Hong , Binkofski Ferdinand , Huber Walter , Willmes Klaus , Heim Stefan , Schulz Jörg B. , Fimm Bruno , Werner Cornelius J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Aphasia is a devastating consequence after stroke, affecting millions of patients each year. Studies have shown that intensive speech and language therapy (SLT) is effective in the chronic phase of aphasia. Leveraging a large single-center cohort of persons with aphasia (PWA) including patients also in the subacute phase, we assessed treatment effects of intensive aphasia therapy in a real-world setting.

Methods
Data were collected at the Aachen aphasia ward in Germany between 2003 and 2020. Immediate treatment responses across different language domains were assessed with the Aachen Aphasia Test (AAT) using single-case psychometrics, conducted before and after 6–7 weeks of intensive SLT (10 h per week, median (IQR) dosage = 68 (61–76)). We adjusted for spontaneous recovery in subacute patients. Differential treatment effects between subgroups of chronicity and predictors of therapy response were investigated.

Results
A total of 448 PWA were included (29% female, median (IQR) age = 54 (46–62) years, median (IQR) time post-onset = 11 (6–20) months) with 12% in the early subacute, 15% in the late subacute and 74% in the chronic phase of aphasia. The immediate responder rate was 59%. Significant improvements in all AAT subtests und subscales were observed hinting at broad effectiveness across language domains. The degree of therapy-induced improvement did not differ between the chronicity groups. Time post-onset, dosage of therapy and aphasia severity at the beginning of treatment were predictors of immediate treatment response.

Discussion
Intensive therapy protocols for aphasia after stroke are yielding substantial responder rates in a routine clinical setting including a wide range of patients.
Lipopolysaccharide with long O-antigen is crucial for Salmonella Enteritidis to evade complement activity and to facilitate bacterial survival in vivo in the Galleria mellonella infection model
Authors: Krzyżewska-Dudek Eva , Dulipati Vinaya , Kapczyńska Katarzyna , Noszka Mateusz , Chen Carmen , Kotimaa Juha , Książczyk Marta , Dudek Bartłomiej , Bugla-Płoskońska Gabriela , Pawlik Krzysztof , Meri Seppo , Rybka Jacek 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBacterial resistance to serum is a key virulence factor for the development of systemic infections. The amount of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the O-antigen chain length distribution on the outer membrane, predispose Salmonella to escape complement-mediated killing. In Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) a modal distribution of the LPS O-antigen length can be observed. It is characterized by the presence of distinct fractions: low molecular weight LPS, long LPS and very long LPS. In the present work, we investigated the effect of the O-antigen modal length composition of LPS molecules on the surface of S. Enteritidis cells on its ability to evade host complement responses. Therefore, we examined systematically, by using specific deletion mutants, roles of different O-antigen fractions in complement evasion. We developed a method to analyze the average LPS lengths and investigated the interaction of the bacteria and isolated LPS molecules with complement components. Additionally, we assessed the aspect of LPS O-antigen chain length distribution in S. Enteritidis virulence in vivo in the Galleria mellonella infection model. The obtained results of the measurements of the average LPS length confirmed that the method is suitable for measuring the average LPS length in bacterial cells as well as isolated LPS molecules and allows the comparison between strains. In contrast to earlier studies we have used much more precise methodology to assess the LPS molecules average length and modal distribution, also conducted more subtle analysis of complement system activation by lipopolysaccharides of various molecular mass. Data obtained in the complement activation assays clearly demonstrated that S. Enteritidis bacteria require LPS with long O-antigen to resist the complement system and to survive in the G. mellonella infection model.
Target trial emulation of carfilzomib safety among patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma using a nationwide observational data in Korea
Authors: Lee Hyun Kyung , Jang Ha Young , Kim In-Wha , Oh Jung Mi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Carfilzomib, commonly used for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM), has been associated with various adverse events in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). However, real-world safety data for a more diverse population are needed, as carfilzomib received expedited approval. This study aimed to evaluate carfilzomib’s safety in Korea by comparing new users of KRd (carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone) to Rd (lenalidomide and dexamethasone) using a nationwide administrative claims database.

Methods
The retrospective cohort study utilized target trial emulation, focusing on adverse events in various organ systems similar to the ASPIRE trial.

Results
This study included 4,580 RRMM patients between 2007 and 2020, and the KRd group showed significantly higher risks of hematologic adverse events (anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia) and some non-hematologic adverse events (cough, hypokalemia, constipation, hypertension, heart failure) compared to the Rd group. Among non-hematologic adverse events, cardiovascular events (heart failure [HR 2.04; 95% CI 1.24–3.35], hypertension [HR 1.58; 95% CI 1.15–2.17]) had the highest risk in the KRd group.

Conclusion
The safety profile of carfilzomib in Korean patients was similar to previous RCTs. Therefore, caution should be exercised when using carfilzomib in Asian individuals with RRMM due to the increased risk of cardiovascular adverse events.
Clinical significance of 18F-FDG-PET/CT for detection of incidental pre-malignant and malignant colonic lesions: correlation with colonoscopic and histopathological results
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Han Jiangqin , Li Junpeng , Cao Jinming , Zhou Yeye , Deng Shengming , Zhang Bin , Yang Yi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Incidental colorectal fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake, observed during positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scans, attracts particular attention due to its potential to represent both benign and pre-malignant/malignant lesions. Early detection and excision of these lesions are crucial for preventing cancer development and reducing mortality. This research aims to evaluate the correlation between incidental colorectal FDG uptake on PET/CT with colonoscopic and histopathological results.

Methods
Retrospective analysis was performed on data from all patients who underwent PET/CT between December 2019 and December 2023 in our hospital. The study included 79 patients with incidental colonic FDG uptake who underwent endoscopy. Patient characteristics, imaging parameters, and the corresponding colonoscopy and histopathological results were studied. A comparative analysis was performed among the findings from each of these modalities. The optimal cut-off value of SUVmax for 18F-FDG PET/CT diagnosis of premalignant and malignant lesions was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The area under the curve (AUC) of SUVmax and the combined parameters of SUVmax and colonic wall thickening (CWT) were analyzed.

Results
Among the 79 patients with incidental colorectal FDG uptake, histopathology revealed malignancy in 22 (27.9%) patients and premalignant polyps in 22 (27.9%) patients. Compared to patients with benign lesions, patients with premalignant and malignant lesions were more likely to undergo a PET/CT scan for primary evaluation (p = 0.013), and more likely to have focal GIT uptake (p = 0.001) and CWT (p = 0.001). A ROC curve analysis was made and assesed a cut-off value of 7.66 SUVmax (sensitivity: 64.9% and specificity: 82.4%) to distinguish premalignant and malignant lesions from benign lesions. The AUCs of the SUVmax and the combined parameters of SUVmax and CWT were 0.758 and 0.832 respectively.

Conclusion
For patients undergo PET/CT for primary evaluation, imaging features of colorectal focal FDG uptake and CWT were more closely associated with premalignant and malignant lesions. The SUVmax helps determine benign and premalignant/malignant lesions of the colorectum. Moreover, the combination of SUVmax and CWT parameters have higher accuracy in estimating premalignant and malignant lesions than SUVmax.
Open questions on basal insulin therapy in T2D: a Delphi consensus
Authors:   Delphi Board, Alberto Aglialoro , Roberto Anichini , Angelo Avogaro , Cristiana Baggiore , Cesare Berra , Riccardo Bonadonna , Giuseppe Corrao Salvatore Maria , Andrea Da Porto , Lorenzo De Candia , Alessandro De Cosmo Salvatore , Graziano Di Cianni , Gloria Formoso , Gabriella Garrapa , Mariangela Ghiani , Francesco Giorgino , Giacomo Guaita , Ida Maiorino Maria , Stefano Masi , Monica Modugno , Nicola Morea , Lelio Morviducci , Nicola Napoli , Raffaele Napoli , Margherita Occhipinti , Emanuela Orsi , Gianluca Perseghin , Salvatore Piro , Giovanni Sartore , Giorgio Sesti , Francesco Tassone , Roberto Trevisan , Buzzetti Raffaella , Candido Riccardo , Esposito Katherine , Giaccari Andrea , Mannucci Edoardo , Nicolucci Antonio , Russo Giuseppina T. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Aims
The revolution in the therapeutic approach to type 2 diabetes (T2D) requires a rethinking of the positioning of basal insulin (BI) therapy. Given the considerable number of open questions, a group of experts was convened with the aim of providing, through a Delphi consensus method, practical guidance for doctors.

Methods
A group of 6 experts developed a series of 29 statements on: the role of metabolic control in light of the most recent guidelines; BI intensification strategies: (1) add-on versus switch; (2) inertia in starting and titrating; (3) free versus fixed ratio combination; basal-bolus intensification and de-intensification strategies; second generation analogues of BI (2BI). A panel of 31 diabetologists, by accessing a dedicated website, assigned each statement a relevance score on a 9-point scale. The RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method was adopted to assess the existence of disagreement among participants.

Results
Panelists showed agreement for all 29 statements, of which 26 were considered relevant, one was considered not relevant and two were of uncertain relevance.
Panelists agreed that the availability of new classes of drugs often allows the postponement of BI and the simplification of therapy. It remains essential to promptly initiate and titrate BI when required. BI should always, unless contraindicated, be started in addition to, and not as a replacement, for ongoing treatments with cardiorenal benefits. 2BIs should be preferred for their pharmacological profile, greater ease of self-titration and flexibility of administration.

Conclusion
In a continuously evolving scenario, BI therapy still represents an important option in the management of T2D patients.
Pembrolizumab plus cisplatin and fluorouracil as induction chemotherapy followed by definitive chemoradiotherapy for patients with cT4 and/or supraclavicular lymph node metastasis (M1Lym) of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hokamura Nobukazu , Fukagawa Takeo , Fukushima Ryoji , Kiyokawa Takashi , Horikawa Masahiro , Kumata Yoshimasa , Suzuki Yusuke , Midorikawa Hironori 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDefinitive chemoradiotherapy (DCRT) is administered as standard treatment for patients with cT4 and/or M1Lym esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC); however, its long-term result is inadequate. Although several studies have reported that conversion surgery can improve the survival of these patients, none have identified significantly better long-term survival than that achieved by DCRT. Thus, enhancing DCRT seems important to improve the survival of these patients. A strategy of shrinking tumor volume before DCRT and providing consolidation chemotherapy for systemic control is expected to improve the survival of these patients. Pembrolizumab plus cisplatin and fluorouracil has demonstrated good local control and significant improvement in the survival of patients with advanced esophageal cancer. Based on these results, the following strategy is proposed: This protocol should be applied as induction for these patients; then, DCRT should be provided depending on the initial response; and finally, adjuvant chemotherapy with an immune checkpoint inhibitor should be given to all responders.
Cybersickness with passenger VR in the aircraft: Influence of turbulence and VR content
Authors: Mittelstaedt Justin , Huelmann Gerrit , Marggraf-Micheel Claudia , Schiller Alexander , Seehof Carsten , Stelling Dirk 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUsing VR in the airplane cabin is appealing, primarily because of the enhanced entertainment value, increased privacy, and improved recreational opportunities provided by higher levels of immersion. However, VR applications in aircrafts contain the risk of passengers developing cybersickness. The particular environment of a moving aircraft in interaction with visual representation of movements in VR could lead to severe cybersickness, especially during turbulence. We had 129 participants experience VR in a full flight simulator with different content (static or dynamic VR clips) and during varying phases of flight including turbulence. The employed simulator is equipped with a cabin module, creating an economically valid environment. VR induced significant but mild symptoms of cybersickness. Nausea and dizziness symptoms were most severe during turbulence and especially with dynamic VR content being presented. More anxious participants tended to report more symptoms. In addition, there was an association with video game use and attitudes toward new technologies. While mild content and short exposure times only led to fairly low expressions of cybersickness, a long-term use of VR under turbulence could possibly become a concern. Airlines should especially address passengers’ negative attitudes toward new technologies, and VR in particular, to reduce fears and the risk of low tolerability.
The economic impact of anastomotic leakage after colorectal surgery: a systematic review
Authors: Nijssen David J. , Wienholts Kiedo , Postma Maarten J. , Tuynman Jurriaan , Bemelman Willem A. , Laméris Wytze , Hompes Roel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Anastomotic leakage (AL) remains a burdensome complication following colorectal surgery, with increased morbidity, oncological compromise, and mortality. AL may impose a substantial financial burden on hospitals and society due to extensive resource utilization. Estimated costs associated with AL are important when exploring preventive measures and treatment strategies. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the existing literature on (socio)economic costs associated with AL after colorectal surgery, appraise their quality, compare reported outcomes, and identify knowledge gaps.

Methods
Health economic evaluations reporting costs related to AL after colorectal surgery were identified through searching multiple online databases until June 2023. Pairs of reviewers independently evaluated the quality using an adapted version of the Consensus on Health Economic Criteria list. Extracted costs were converted to 2022 euros (€) and also adjusted for purchasing power disparities among countries.

Results
From 1980 unique abstracts, 59 full-text publications were assessed for eligibility, and 17 studies were included in the review. The incremental costs of AL after correcting for purchasing power disparity ranged from €2250 (+39.9%, Romania) to €83,633 (+ 513.1%, Brazil). Incremental costs were mainly driven by hospital (re)admission, intensive care stay, and reinterventions. Only one study estimated the economic societal burden of AL between €1.9 and €6.1 million.

Conclusions
AL imposes a significant financial burden on hospitals and social care systems. The magnitude of costs varies greatly across countries and data on the societal burden and non-medical costs are scarce. Adherence to international reporting standards is essential to understand international disparities and to externally validate reported cost estimates.
Application and evaluation of interlinked approaches for modeling changing capabilities
Authors: Koutsopoulos Georgios , Andersson Anna , Stirna Janis , Henkel Martin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe nature of modern organizations needs to be increasingly adaptive, since they are dealing with a constant demand to respond to stimuli derived from the dynamic environments they operate in. Changing their capabilities is a common response, and this makes capability management a vital aspect of organizational survivability. To date, there are no approaches specifically designed to address this specific situation. KYKLOS and Compass are two interlinked approaches of different complexity, a DSML and a canvas, developed to support capability change. As recently developed methods, they lacked formal demonstration and evaluation; therefore, the goal of this article is to present the demonstration and evaluation of the two approaches by their stakeholders, in particular, business and modeling experts. A case study in a Swedish company in the ERP system consulting domain that is undergoing changes in its sales and consulting capabilities related to evolving customer requirements has been used to demonstrate and evaluate the two approaches. The process consisted of two evaluation cycles. The first cycle concerned KYKLOS and used two categories of evaluators, the business experts and the modeling experts. While the modeling experts evaluated positively the method, the business experts had difficulties associated with its ease of use and adoption. This resulted in the development of Compass, which was evaluated by business experts during the second evaluation cycle. Compass was evaluated more positively in terms of the difficult aspects, but the challenge is ongoing and motivates further future research.