bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feedback mechanisms stopping the star formation in a pair of massive galaxies in the early Universe
Authors: Pérez-González Pablo , D'Eugenio Francesco , Pino Bruno Rodríguez Del , Perna Michele , Uebler Hannah , Maiolino Roberto , Arribas Santiago , Lamperti Isabella , Bunker Andrew , Carniani Stefano , Charlot Stéphane , Willott Chris , Böker Torsten , Parlanti Eleonora , Scholtz Jan , Venturi Giacomo , Barro Guillermo , Costantin Luca , Navarro Ignacio Martin , Dunlop James , Magee Daniel , Cresci Giovanni 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Feedback is the key physical mechanism regulating galaxy formation. Stars in galaxies form when baryons radiatively cool down and fall into gravitational wells. Eventually, star formation quenches as gas is depleted and/or perturbed by feedback processes, no longer being able to collapse and condense. For massive galaxies, astronomers identify feedback from accreting supermassive black holes (active galactic nuclei, AGN) as the main agent responsible for quenching. We report the first spatially resolved spectroscopic observations of a massive, completely quiescent galaxy at $z=3.714$ (Jekyll) and its neighborhood. Jekyll is part of a galaxy pair with a compact, dusty, massive star-forming companion (Hyde). We find large amounts of ionized and neutral gas in the intergalactic medium around the pair, yet Jekyll has remained quiescent for more than 500~Myr. The emitting gas is consistent with AGN photoionization, but no AGN is observed in Jekyll. We find that, in contrast to standard scenarios, AGN in satellite galaxies can be critical contributors for keeping massive galaxies quiescent in the early Universe. After the accelerated formation and quenching of the massive central galaxy, tidally induced gas stripping additionally contributes to the star-formation regulation on subsequent satellite galaxy generations.
Effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on cholesterol metabolism and antioxidant status in finishing pigs
Authors: Wang Wenjing , Xu Meng , Diao Hui , Long Qingtao , Gan Fang , Mao Yi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) is a natural polyphenolic compound, which plays an important role in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of GSPE supplementation on the cholesterol metabolism and antioxidant status of finishing pigs. In longissimus dorse (LD) muscle, the data showed that GSPE significantly decreased the contents of total cholesterol (T-CHO) and triglyceride (TG), and decreased the mRNA expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoAR), cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CTP7A1) and Fatty acid synthase (FAS), while increased the mRNA expression of carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1b (CPT1b), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARα) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). Dietary GSPE supplementation increased the serum catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), serum and liver total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels, while reduced serum and liver malondialdehyde (MDA) level in finishing pigs. In the liver, Superoxide Dismutase 1 (SOD1), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), Nuclear Factor erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (NRF2) mRNA levels were increased by GSPE. In conclusion, this study showed that GSPE might be an effective dietary supplement for improving cholesterol metabolism and antioxidant status in finishing pigs.
Response of Cigar Tobacco Varieties to Potassium Stress and Dissecting Biochemical Determinants of Low Potassium Tolerance Mechanism
Authors: Chen Xinying , Wang Pingping , Ai Suilong , Begum Naheeda , Kong Dezhi , Nanaei Hojat Asadollahpour , Ahmad Munib , Jabeen Shaista , Zhang Lixin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Potassium content is an important standard for measuring tobacco quality, however research on low potassium tolerance mechanism in cigar tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), which is different from regular tobacco, did not draw researchers attention. This study evaluated the tolerance to low potassium of 23 cigar varieties by studying 20 phenotypic and physiological indicators. Through principal component analysis, membership function analysis, and cluster analysis, the research comprehensively identifies the tolerance of cigar tobacco varieties to low potassium. The results indicate that the tolerance to low potassium of cigar tobacco is complex and varies with different traits and varieties. The present study identified six crucial indicators for measuring tolerance to low potassium in cigar tobacco leaves, including plant height, maximum leaf area, leaf surface area, total root absorption area, and active root absorption area. Based on the comprehensive evaluation value D of the low potassium tolerance coefficient of these six indicators, the study classified 23 cigar varieties and identified 1 low potassium-sensitive variety, 5 low potassium-low tolerance varieties, 11 low potassium-relative tolerant varieties, and 6 low potassium-tolerant varieties. The research outcomes significantly contribute to the elucidation of tolerance to low potassium in cigar tobacco, facilitating the evaluation, screening, and cultivation of cigar tobacco varieties resilient to low potassium conditions. Additionally, this laid the foundation for exploring scientific issues such as how plants can effectively utilize potassium, the mechanism of potassium ions in plants, improvement and development of cigar quality, augmentation of potassium utilization efficiency, and saving limited potassium resources to ensure long-term safety of potassium.
Flexible parent-like gene expression in a hybrid water-saving and drought-resistance rice under diverse environments contributes to its superior drought resistance
Authors: Wang Lei , Ma Xiaosong , Liu Yi , Liu Guolan , Wei Haibin , Luo Zhi , Liu Hongyan , Yan Ming , Zhang Anning , Yu Xinqiao , Xia Hui , Luo Lijun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Rice is one of the most important crops in the world. Rice production consumes lots of water and significantly suffers from drought stress. The water-saving and drought-resistance rice (WDR) confers good drought resistance and performs well in water-saving cultivation. A hybrid WDR variety Hanyou73 (HY73) exhibited superior drought resistance compared with its parents Hanhui3 (HH3) and Huhan7A (HH7A). Studies on drought resistance related traits revealed that HY73 performed like HH3 and HH7A on drought tolerance (DT) and drought avoidance (DA), respectively. Transcriptomes were analyzed for samples with various phytohormone treatment and abiotic stresses, in which HY73 was closer to HH3 in leaf while HH7A in root samples. HY73 and its parents differed largely in DEGs. GO analysis for DEGs suggested the different pathways of drought response in HH3 and HH7A. Parent-like expression analysis revealed that higher-parent-like expression pattern is prevailing in HY73, and the expression patterns significantly altered between abiotic-stressed/phytohormone-treated and control samples, which might help HY73 to adapt to different environments. WGCNA analysis for parent-like expression genes revealed some functional genes related with drought resistance that should contribute to the superior drought resistance of HY73. Genetic variation on promotor sequence was confirmed as the reason for flexible parent-like gene expression in HY73. Our study uncovered the important roles of complementation of beneficial traits from parents and flexible gene expression in drought resistance of HY73, which could facilitate the cultivation of new WDR varieties.
Advancing Healthcare Iot Security: Federated Learning and the Fedavg Approach
Authors: Reyaz Md Abu Talha , V Vanitha 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Anomaly detection emerges as a crucial challenge in cybersecurity, particularly within the healthcare sector where the integration of open data is expanding rapidly. The recent surge in Internet of Things (IoT) device usage in healthcare has transformed patient care and monitoring. However, this growth also introduces significant security risks to patient data and the integrity of medical networks. Traditional intrusion detection systems are, in most cases, ineffective in IoT environments, which display dynamism and distribution characteristic. In response, this paper proposes a novel intrusion detection system using an innovative Federated Learning approach with the FedAvg Transformer model, aimed at healthcare IoT devices and networks. This system leverages the collective intelligence of edge devices while ensuring data privacy, thereby bolstering the security of health- care infrastructures. The design, implementation, and efficacy of this system in mitigating a broad spectrum of security threats are also detailed.
Potassium Chromate as The Primary Constituent of Renal Stones in a Child With Chronic Chromium Ingestion: The First Case Report of Chromate Urolithiasis
Authors: Ozaal Siddiqa , Jayasena Subashini , Mubarack Omar Mohamed Ozaal Abdul , Abeyagunasekara Anuruddha , Jasinge Eresha 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Paediatric urolithiasis is increasingly recognised and involves significant morbidity to patients. Most of the renal stones are either calcareous, consisting of oxalate, calcium phosphate or both but stones with potassium chromate as the primary constituent were never reported in literature.
Case presentation
A nine-year-old girl presented with a passing couple of stones per day in her urine for the preceding twelve days, without any other urinary symptoms. Her initial serum and urine biochemical investigations were within reference range. Abdominal imaging did not reveal any significant structural abnormalities.
A macroscopic assessment of her stones revealed a rare reddish-orange colour. Stone analysis by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscope revealed potassium chromate as the main component of her stone.
On further questioning, the patient’s mother revealed that the child was treated with an Ayurvedic medicine named ‘Thalisadhi Chooranam’ which was prescribed for bronchial asthma for six years. Analysis of the Ayurveda medicine revealed the presence of Chromium in it. She was kept under observation with sufficient hydration. Now the child is well without any complaints to date and the passage of stones has settled spontaneously.
Conclusion
This case highlights the fact that chronic oral chromium ingestion can lead to urolithiasis, in the absence of other systemic involvement of chromium toxicity. So care must be taken when prescribing the drugs that have chromium more specifically in the context of alternative medicines and prescriptions for children.
Perivascular and Parenchymal Brain Fluid Diffusivity in Patients With a Recent Small Subcortical Infarct
Authors: Rudilosso Salvatore , Muñoz-Moreno Emma , Laredo Carlos , Calvet Angels , Rodríguez-Vázquez Alejandro , Girona Andres , Calderon Maria dels Angels , Zarco Federico , Gil-López Francisco , Arboix Adrià , Hernandez Maria Valdes , Coello Roberto Duarte , Urra Xabier , Wardlaw Joanna M , Chamorro Ángel 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

We aimed to analyze the relationships between brain fluid diffusivity, perivascular spaces (PVS) dilation, and small vessel disease (SVD) severity in 50 patients with a recent small subcortical infarct. We collected clinical variables, including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisition included standard structural sequences and multishell-diffusion images to obtain brain fluid estimates, such as extracellular free water (FW) content and water diffusivity along the perivascular space (ALPS ) index. We obtained volumetric measures of brain white matter hyperintensity (WMH) normalized to intracranial volume, and PVS in basal ganglia and white matter regions. We counted lacunes and microbleeds, then calculated a summary SVD score (range 0–4, one point awarded for the presence of each of the four SVD markers). Using linear regression models including age, sex, history of hypertension, diabetes, PSQI, WMH ratio, and brain volume, we found a strong association (0.008 < Beta < 0.054; P < 0.045) between FW and PVS in both regions in all models. Higher FW in normal-appearing white matter was related to all SVD features in univariable models and remained significant for WMH ratio (1.175 < Beta < 1.262; P < 0.001) and brain volume (Beta < 0.0001; P < 0.002) in multivariable models. We found no associations between ALPS index and FW, PVS, or any other SVD markers. The increased extracellular water in SVD suggests impaired brain fluid dynamics, PVS dilation, and other SVD features are linked; the lack of association with ALPS index suggests ALPS is not specific to PVS diffusion.
The psychological and neuro-morphological predictors of resilience in healthy adults: The whole is more than the sum of its parts
Authors: Fabrizio Carlo , Picerni Eleonora , Laricchiuta Daniela , Decandia Davide , Piras Fabrizio , Termine Andrea , Spalletta Gianfranco , Petrosini Laura , Cutuli Debora 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Research in neuroscience has shifted the focal point from a pathological orientation (responses to recover from trauma or stress) to an emphasis on the role of resilience in health (protective factors to maintain health levels despite eventual adversities). Even if multiple single factors impact resilience capacities, an integrative predictive model including psychological constructs, personality traits and brain structural features may offer a deeper knowledge on trait resilience. We examined the associations between Resilience Scale-10 scores with numerous psychological dimensions, personality traits, and neuro-morphological features (brain volumes and thickness) in healthy adults of both sexes. Furthermore, we investigated the predictors potentially associated to resilience by regression modeling.
Resilience values were predicted: positively by some personality characteristics (Conscientiousness, Openness, Resourcefulness, Enlightened second nature), psychological dimensions (Self-efficacy, Positive affect, Confidence), and brain morphological aspects (volumes of amygdala and hippocampus, and cortical thickness of temporal pole); and negatively by other personality traits (Fear of uncertainty) and psychological dimensions (Anxiety, Depression, Need for Approval).
The identification of the multiple psychological and personality features and neuro-morphological aspects associated to resilience represents a critical step to understand the factors that predispose individuals to be resilient and eventually to develop novel approaches for resilience promotion.
Determination of carriers of deafness-infertility syndrome in Peru
Authors: Cuellar Luana Ventura , Jascha Kevin Aviles , Abarca-Barriga Hugo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The prevalence of deafness-infertility syndrome (DIS) is approximately 1%. Genetic heterogeneity is one cause of homozygous copy number variants (CNVs) involving the CATSPER2 and STRC genes, which are associated with DIS and male infertility. Because the prevalence of DIS in Peru is unknown, we aimed to determine the frequency of carriers of DIS-related genes. In this descriptive crossover study, we evaluated the clinical histories and chromosomal microarray analysis results of patients at the Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño Breña from 2015-2022. All patients with CNVs involving the CATSPER2 and STRC genes were included, and the frequencies of carriers and affected patients were determined using Hardy‒Weinberg equilibrium. Relative frequency differences were calculated using the chi-square test with goodness-of-fit for natural regions and poverty groups in Peru. Of 2,142 patients screened, 35 met the inclusion criteria; according to the results, approximately 367,364 people were estimated to be DIS carriers in Peru, and approximately 57,442 people had deafness and infertility. The proportion of carriers in Peru was similar to that observed in other population studies. Additionally, people in regions with higher poverty rates exhibited a greater carrier frequency, suggesting that a patient’s region of origin could be a criterion for DIS screening.
Epidemiological dominance of the most virulent HPAIV H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b strains: insights from experimental infections of Pekin ducks (Anas platyrynchos)
Authors: Piesche Ronja , Breithaupt Angele , Pohlmann Anne , King Jacqueline , Ahrens Ann-Kathrin , Beer Martin , Harder Timm C. , Grund Christian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 viruses (HPAIV) pose an ongoing threat to wild birds and domestic poultry worldwide. The emergence and establishment of clade 2.3.4.4b viruses in European wild birds since 2021 marked a significant epidemiological shift with transcontinental transmission to the Americas and Antarctic waters by the end of 2023. This study investigates the virulence of nine HPAI H5N1 genotypes co-circulating during the autumn and winter seasons of 2021 and 2022 in Germany. Contrary to the "avirulence hypothesis", the most virulent genotypes in ducklings showed epidemiological dominance in the field. Virulence in ducklings was assessed by the intramuscular pathotyping index (IMPI). In addition, occulo-nasal infection of ducklings with two representative viruses of high and intermediate IMPI score confirmed phenotypes obtained by IMPI. The intermediate strain revealed decelerated low-level virus replication with almost no enteral shedding but (transient) neurological infection. Comparison of the genetic constellation of the nine different genotypes point to an important role of the viral polymerase complex (RdRP), particularly the PB1 genome segment, in shaping virulence and infection dynamics in ducklings. Overall, the results are in favour of the 'virulence-transmission trade-off' model for the previous HPAI panzootic in Germany, suggesting that the population size of susceptible hosts has not been a limiting factor for the spread of HPAI viruses. Breaking such transmission cycles would depend on diminishing host reservoirs due to fatal losses or gradually increasing population immunity in wild birds. In poultry, vaccination might help reducing susceptibility and mitigating the threat of HPAI outbreaks.
Reducing PKCδ inhibits tumor growth through growth hormone by inhibiting PKA/CREB/ERK signaling pathway in pituitary adenoma
Authors: Chen Xi , Mao Jianyao , Zhou Liwei , Jiang Weichao , Li Zhangyu , Li Yukui , Chen Sifang , Tan Guowei , Wang Chen , Sun Jinli 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Patients with growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma (GHPA) cannot exhibit molecular signatures associated with tumorigenesis. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of PKCδ in modulating cell apoptosis, migration, invasion, and tumor growth in pituitary adenoma. We assessed the activation of the PKA/CREB/ERK signaling pathway and cell apoptosis through RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. The wound-healing assay, transwell migration, and invasion assay were used to evaluate the cell's migration and invasion abilities. Treatment with rottlerin and PMA together reversed the inhibition of the PKA/CREB/ERK signaling pathway, downregulated cell apoptosis, and reduced the secretion of growth hormone after rottlerin treatment in GH3 cells. A decrease in the level of PKCδ also inhibited the PKA/CREB/ERK signaling pathway, reduced cell apoptosis, and suppressed the secretion of growth hormone. Furthermore, growth hormone reversed the decrease in cell migration and invasion following PKCδ siRNA treatment. Importantly, we found that growth hormone reversed the reduction in tumor volume after PKCδ siRNA treatment in nude mice bearing a tumor model. To conclude, this study demonstrated that reducing PKCδ inhibits tumor growth by suppressing the growth hormone through the inhibition of the PKA/CREB/ERK signaling pathway.
Flexible and efficient ultraviolet photodetectors based on one dimensional MWCNT filled thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposite freestanding films
Authors: Singh Shivraj , Verma Arpit , Chauhan Srishtee , Tripathi Ravi Kant , Sirohi Sidhharth , Yadav B. C. , Choubey Ravi Kant , Gupta Tejendra K. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Flexible ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors have attracted attention for many applications. Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) matrix nanocomposites have been prepared via solution mixing method with varying wt.% (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0 wt.%) of MWCNTs. Surface morphology of MWCNTs/TPU nanocomposite films with 0.1 wt.% to 1.0 wt.% have been studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which show the uniform dispersion of MWCNTs in TPU matrix, and coating of TPU on the surface of MWCNTs. UV photodetection performance and its mechanism of these MWCNTs/TPU nanocomposite films have also been studies. It was found that the highest responsivity of 1.710 A/W, and highest EQE of 579.84% is found for the device made from PUCNT1.0 sample. The detectivity of all the devices made from MWCNTs/TPU nanocomposite films have also been measured, which suggests that the highest detectivity of 8.09×1011 Jones was observed for the device made from PUCNT1.0 sample. As the concentration of the MWCNT increases in the TPU matrix, the detectivity increases. These results provide us the clear guidelines to prepare the MWCNTs filled TPU nanocomposites for making free standing, flexible, and efficient UV photo-detecting devices.
Two new psychrotolerant Massilia species inhibit plant pathogens Clavibacter and Curtobacterium
Authors: Sedláček Ivo , Holochová Pavla , Sedlář Karel , Staňková Eva , Šedo Ondrej , Králová Stanislava , Umair Muhamad , Koublová Vendula , Švec Pavel 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Three bacterial strains producing blue-violet pigmented colonies on R2A agar were isolated from a wet rock wall and lakes in a deglaciated northern part of James Ross Island, Antarctica. The isolated strains inhibited phytopathogenic Gram-positive bacteria, e.g. Clavibacter spp., Curtobacterium flacumfaciens, and Paenarthrobacter ilicis. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene indicated that the isolates belonged to the genus Massilia and the closest relatives were Massilia violaceinigra B2T, Massilia rubra CCM 8692T, Massilia frigida CCM 8695T, Massilia antarctica CCM 8941T, and Massilia aquatica CCM 8693T. A polyphasic taxonomic study based on lepA genes sequencing, automated ribotyping, MALDI-TOF MS, chemotaxonomy analyses, extensive biotyping, average nucleotide identity, and digital DNA-DNA hybridization calculations based on whole-genome sequences proved that the isolates represent a novel Massilia species for which the names Massilia pseudviolaceinigra sp. nov. and Massilia scottii sp. nov. are suggested, with the type strains P3689T (= CCM 9206T) and P5043T (= CCM 9029T), respectively. These two bioactive-substances-producing species may play an important role in shaping the composition of fresh-water Antarctic microbiomes due to the inhibition of various Gram-positive bacteria.