bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multisite integumentary squamous cell carcinoma in an African grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus erithacus)
Authors: Klaphake E. , Beazley‐Keane S. L. , Jones M. , Shoieb A. 
Published: October 2010

A 22‐year‐old male African grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus erithacus) had had episodes of chronic feather picking and self‐mutilation for 10 years; it had a 5 cm diameter right axillary wound and a 2 cm left dorsal patagial wound. Initial treatment with azithromycin and wound management was unsuccessful. Biopsies of both masses indicated squamous cell carcinoma. The left patagial tumour was removed completely by electrocautery. Cisplatin was administered weekly into multiple sites on the right axillary tumour and it initially appeared to regress; however, the bird’s condition deteriorated after a month of treatment, and it was euthanased. The tumour was confirmed postmortem to be squamous cell carcinoma, which had invaded local tissues. The aetiology of the carcinoma may have been secondary to chronic focal trauma.
Characteristics, prevalence and aetiology of lesions of the oral mucosa in adult sheep
Authors: Watson P. J. , Scholes S. F. E. , Smith R. P. 
Published: October 2010

A total of 214 sheep with lesions of the oral mucosa were recorded at the Veterinary Laboratories Agency regional laboratories between March 15, 2002 and February 28, 2003. Using denominator data from the scrapie abattoir survey a prevalence of 0·95 per cent (95 per cent CI 0·82 to 1·10 per cent) was recorded, and using the fallen stock survey a prevalence of 1·15 per cent (95 per cent CI 0·64 to 1·91 per cent) was recorded. The lesions varied widely and included dental pad lesions in 20 per cent of cases. In total, 248 sites were affected, the commonest being the lower gum below the incisors, which was affected in 100 sheep. Most of the lesions were 1 cm or less in diameter. Ninety per cent of the 251 lesions examined histologically were erosions, ulcers, healed ulcers, focal epithelial necrosis or haemorrhages, and the changes observed indicated that trauma was the most likely primary cause.
Genotyping of Mycobacterium bovis isolates from badgers in four areas of the Republic of Ireland by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis
Authors: Costello E. , Flynn O. , Quigley F. , O'Grady D. , Griffin J. , Clegg T. , McGrath G. 
Published: October 2010

An analysis of the molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis in badgers was made in four selected areas of the Republic of Ireland in which an intensive badger removal programme was being carried out over a period of five years. Tissue samples from 2310 badgers were cultured. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis with is6110, polymorphic gc ‐rich sequence (pgrs) and direct repeat sequence (dr) probes was applied to the isolates from 398 badgers, and 52 different rflp types were identified. Most of the isolates belonged to seven predominant types, and the other 45 types were represented by few isolates. An analysis suggests that some of these 45 types may have been introduced by the inward migration of badgers and others may have been the result of genetic changes to one of the prevalent types. The badgers were divided into groups on the basis of the sett at which they were captured, and rflp typing was applied to isolates from two or more badgers from 85 groups. Multiple rflp types were identified among isolates from 50 of these groups, suggesting that badgers probably moved frequently between group territories.
Effect of passive stretching on the range of motion of osteoarthritic joints in 10 labrador retrievers
Authors: Crook T. , McGowan C. , Pead M. 
Published: October 2010

Ten labrador retrievers and their owners undertook a programme to determine the effect of passive stretching on the dogs' osteoarthritic joints, which had a restricted range of motion. The range of motion of the joints was measured before and after the 21‐day study, during which the owners performed 10 passive stretches for a hold of 10 seconds twice daily. Goniometric measurements showed that the passive stretching had significantly increased the range of motion of the joints.
Case‐control study of factors associated with arthritis detected at slaughter in pigs from 49 farms
Authors: Heinonen M. , Hakala S. , Hämeenoja P. , Murro A. , Kokkonen T. , Levonen K. , Peltoniemi O. A. T. 
Published: October 2010

Data were collected on the housing, management and disease factors in the weaning and finishing units of 49 integrated pig herds, 24 of them with a high incidence of arthritis at slaughter (case herds) and 25 with a low incidence (control herds). A median of 5·2 per cent (range 3·7 to 12·4 per cent) of the slaughtered pigs in the case herds had arthritis at meat inspection, compared with 2·2 per cent (range 0·3 to 2·8 per cent) in the control herds. In the farrowing units, high clinical sign scores for the lactating sows and piglets less than one week old and a low age at castration were associated with the case herds. In the weaning units, the herds with open partitions between the pens were 5·6 times more likely to be a case herd than the herds with solid walls. A higher age at weaning and moving the piglets at weaning from the farrowing pen instead of the sows decreased the likelihood of being a case herd. In the finishing units, a higher score for clinical signs, using a proper hospital pen, disinfecting the pens between the groups and using a feeding plan increased the likelihood of being a case herd. In total, 145 condemned joints, a median of four (up to six per herd), were collected at the slaughterhouse. In the case herds, 71 of 76 joints (93·4 per cent) had lesions related to osteochondrosis and in the control herds 66 of 69 joints (95·6 per cent) had such lesions. Only two of 11 joints from the case herds and one of 12 joints from the control herds that were examined bacteriologically were positive for Stapylococcus aureus and/or Streptococcus species.
Use of a transdermal matrix patch of buprenorphine in cats: preliminary pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data
Authors: Murrell J. C. , Robertson S. A. , Taylor P. M. , McCown J. L. , Bloomfield M. , Sear J. W. 
Published: October 2010

Six domestic shorthair cats, aged three to four years and weighing 5·1 to 7·4 kg, were used to assess the thermal antinociceptive effect of a transdermal buprenorphine patch, designed to supply 35 μg buprenorphine/hour, which was applied to the shaved thorax. The cats' thermal thresholds were tested before the patch was applied and two, four, six, eight, 10, 12, 14 and 16 hours after it had been applied, and then every six hours until it was removed after 72 hours, and for a further 24 hours afterwards. Blood was collected at each time to measure the plasma concentration of buprenorphine. The patches did not produce a significant change in the thermal thresholds of the cats throughout the testing period. The mean (sd) peak plasma buprenorphine concentration was 10 (0·81) ng/ml.
Comparison of two doses of ropivacaine for lumbosacral epidural analgesia in buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Amarpal  , Kinjavdekar P. , Aithal H. P. , Singh G. R. , Pawde A. M. , Singh T. , Sharma A. , Pratap K. 
Published: October 2010

Six male buffalo calves aged from six to eight months and weighing 100 to 120 kg were used to evaluate the efficacy and safety of caudal epidural analgesia produced by doses of 37·5 mg (5 ml) and 75 mg (10 ml) ropivacaine (0·75 per cent). The study was completed in two phases. In phase 1, all the animals were used twice to evaluate the analgesic and clinical effects of two doses of ropivacaine. In phase 2, the animals were divided into two groups of three to evaluate the effects of two doses of ropivacaine on some haemodynamic and acid‐base parameters. Signs of analgesia, as evidenced by a loss of response to pinprick stimulation, were recorded only at the tail, perineum and hindlimbs of the animals given 5 ml ropivacaine, but they extended from the tail to the thorax (T9) in the animals given 10 ml ropivacaine. The duration of analgesia was five to six hours in the animals given 5 ml ropivacaine and seven to eight hours in the animals given 10 ml ropivacaine. Animals of both groups became recumbent, but the score for ataxia was higher in the animals given 10 ml ropivacaine. The respiratory rate decreased significantly (P<0·05) below the baseline in the animals given 10 ml ropivacaine, but the rectal temperature, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure and acid‐base and electrolyte parameters did not change significantly in either group.
Factors affecting bacterial counts during preparation of the hands for aseptic surgery
Authors: Corder K. , Knowles T. G. , Holt P. E. 
Published: October 2010

This study was designed to compare the efficacy of four hand preparation techniques in removing bacteria from the hands preoperatively. The effect of bacteriological swabbing itself on bacterial counts was also investigated. The numbers of bacteria obtained from the dominant and non‐dominant hands were also determined. The techniques all used 4 per cent chlorhexidine gluconate, and consisted of rubbing for five minutes with one application of antiseptic; rubbing for five minutes with five applications of antiseptic; rubbing for one minute with one application of antiseptic; and scrubbing with a brush for five minutes with one application of antiseptic. The results showed that the four techniques were equally effective at removing bacteria. There was no significant difference in the bacterial counts obtained from the dominant and non‐dominant hands. The wearing of gloves for up to 30 minutes after scrubbing had no effect on the bacterial counts. Swabbing itself significantly reduced the number of bacteria cultured from the hands.
Bilateral metatarsophalangeal valgus and subluxation in two adult llamas treated by medial bone plate arthrodesis
Authors: Woodford N. , D'Alterio G. L. , Owen M. 
Published: October 2010

The clinical signs and diagnostic imaging of two adult llamas with severe metatarsophalangeal valgus angular limb deformity causing metatarsophalangeal instability, severe osteoarthritis and marked bilateral hindlimb lameness are described. The metatarsophalangeal axis was corrected and arthrodesis of the metatarsophalangeal joint was achieved by distal medial metatarsal condylectomy and the medial application of a custom‐made angled 4·5 mm dynamic compression plate. A secure construct with normal limb angulation and a good biomechanical outcome was achieved in each of the hindlimbs of both llamas. The development and final dimensions of the implants are described to assist decision making during the evaluation of the surgical management of such cases.
Infection dynamics of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in a continuous‐flow population of pigs also infected with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
Authors: Fano E. , Pijoan C. , Dee S. 
Published: October 2010

Twenty‐eight 10‐week‐old pigs were inoculated intratracheally with 1 × 105 colour‐changing units/ml Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae strain 232, and another 32 pigs were not inoculated but were divided into 12 direct‐contact pigs and 20 indirect‐contact pigs. Thirty‐five days later, the inoculated pigs were inoculated intranasally with 1 × 102·4 tcid50 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) strain mn 30‐100. Viraemia, seroconversion and the transmission of prrsv in the M hyopneumoniae ‐infected pigs were then assessed for four months. Three groups of 10 age‐matched gilts were introduced as sentinels into the experimental barn on days 28, 56 and 84 after the prrsv infection. The persistence of prrsv was evaluated in both the experimentally and naturally infected pigs, which were slaughtered 120, 135 and 150 days after the infection. The period of viraemia and the extent of seroconversion were similar to those observed in studies of pigs infected only with prrsv, suggesting that under the conditions of the study M hyopneumoniae did not affect these features of the disease. A delayed pattern in the seroconversion and proportion of pcr ‐positive pigs was observed in the direct and indirect contact groups, and the persistence of prrsv in tissues was confirmed by pcr at 120 and 150 days after infection only in the directly inoculated pigs and not in the direct‐ or indirect‐contact groups of pigs.
Retrospective study of the effect of intra‐articular treatment of osteoarthritis of the distal tarsal joints in 51 horses
Authors: Labens R. , Voûte L. C. , Mellor D. J. 
Published: October 2010

Osteoarthritis of the distal tarsal joints, affecting the centrodistal and tarsometatarsal joints, is a common cause of hindlimb lameness in horses. This paper describes the outcome of the intra‐articular treatment of 51 horses with the condition with either methylprednisolone acetate (mpa) or triamcinolone acetonide (tr), either with or without hyaluronic acid (ha). The outcome was assessed in terms of the changes in the horses' grade of lameness. Follow‐up information was obtained from the owners by means of a telephone questionnaire. Horses treated once with mpa or tr, either with or without ha, improved after a median of 56 days (P<0·0001), and there was no significant difference between mpa and tr. There was no significant further improvement in the horses treated twice. In the horses in which there was a diffuse increase in the uptake of a radiopharmaceutical by the distal tarsal joints, identified by scintigraphy, the lameness tended to improve (P=0·032), whereas in the horses in which the uptake was focal, it did not. At telephone follow‐up 13 of 34 horses were reported to have had a positive outcome, but the outcome in the other 21 was reported to have been negative.
International disease monitoring, July to September 2007
Authors: Sabirovic M. , Raw L. , Hall S. , Elliott H. , Coulson N. 
Published: October 2010

African swine fever spreading in Armenia and Georgia, with the possibility of a more general spread into neighbouring countries
Bluetongue virus serotype 1 detected in Portugal for the first time
Several thousand outbreaks of bluetongue serotype 8 reported in north‐west Europe
Highly pathogenic avian influenza in commercial ducks in southern Germany
Low pathogenic avian influenza detected in free‐range ducks in central Portugal
—These are among matters discussed in the international disease monitoring report for July to September 2007, prepared by defra 's Food and Farming Group, International Trade Core Function
Control of diabetes mellitus in cats with porcine insulin zinc suspension
Authors: Martin G. J. , Rand J. S. 
Published: October 2010

The required dose rate of porcine insulin zinc suspension to control the signs of diabetes mellitus in 25 cats was assessed, and their response to insulin treatment was investigated over 12 months. The cats required a median dose of 0·5 iu/kg bodyweight twice a day, and only two of the cats required doses higher than 1·0 iu/kg twice a day. Their lowest blood glucose concentration was on average significantly higher during the night than during the day. Seven of the cats went into diabetic remission during the study, and the control of the clinical signs in the others was either excellent or good by the end of the study.
Pharmacokinetics of a single intravenous dose of marbofloxacin in adult donkeys
Authors: González F. , Rodríguez C. , De Lucas J. J. , Waxman S. , San Andrés M. D. , Serres C. , Nieto J. , San Andrés M. I. 
Published: October 2010

Six donkeys each received 2 mg/kg marbofloxacin as a 10 per cent aqueous solution administered intravenously. Principal pharmacokinetic parameters were determined and two efficacy indices were computed by using pharmacokinetic parameters and selected mic90 values of marbofloxacin against pathogenic equine strains to predict the efficacy of the drug at this dose. The pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin in donkeys was characterised by a large mean volume of distribution at a steady state (1·15 [0·09] l/kg) and a long mean (sd) elimination half‐life of 9·24 (1·96) hours. It was also characterised by a relatively slow total body clearance of 0·10 (0·02) l/kg/hour, slower than in horses. Using mic90 values of marbofloxacin against pathogenic equine strains with a daily dose of 2 mg/kg, appropriate values of efficacy indicators were obtained only for Enterobacteriaceae. Daily intravenous doses of 0·33, 2·62 and 20 mg/kg were calculated for evaluation in clinical trials of infections due to Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococci, respectively.
Detection of the genome of Chlamydophila abortus in samples taken from the uteri of 304 sheep at an abattoir
Authors: Michalopolou E. , Leigh A. J. , Cordoba L. G. 
Published: October 2010

A pcr was used to detect the genome of Chlamydophila abortus in samples of uterine tissue collected from 304 sheep by a sterile technique at an abattoir. The stage of pregnancy of the sheep was determined by measuring the dimensions of the embryo/fetus, and its morphology was recorded. Only samples from non‐pregnant sheep and sheep up to 100 days of gestation were retained; the clinical history of the animals was unknown. The total prevalence of the chlamydial genome was 30·9 per cent, with a significantly higher prevalence in the pregnant animals (46·9 per cent). Higher detection rates were recorded during early gestation than during mid‐gestation.
Management of fractures near the carpal joint of two calves by transarticular fixation with a circular external fixator
Authors: Aithal H. P. , Amarpal  , Kinjavdekar P. , Pawde A. M. , Singh G. R. , Hoque M. , Maiti S. K. , Setia H. C. 
Published: October 2010

A four‐ring circular external skeletal fixation device was evaluated for transcarpal fixation of compound fractures in two calves. Case 1 was an eight‐month‐old female Holstein‐Friesian × indigenous breed calf weighing 72 kg, which had a Salter‐Harris type II fracture at the distal metaphysis of the right radius/ulna with an open contaminated wound on the medial aspect of the carpus. Case 2 was an 18‐month‐old crossbred Haryana heifer weighing 105 kg, which had a comminuted fracture at the proximal end of its left metacarpus with severe soft tissue trauma and an open wound on the medial aspect. In both cases, the fractures were repaired with four‐ring circular fixators by fixing the proximal two rings in the distal radius/ulna and the distal two rings in the metacarpus. Postoperatively, both calves were treated with analgesic and anti‐inflammatory drugs and antibiotic, and the pin‐bone interfaces and the open wound were cleaned regularly with povidone‐iodine solution. In both animals weight bearing was good to excellent in the immediate postoperative period. The fixator was well maintained and tolerated by the animals until the fractures healed after 45 to 60 days. The movement of the carpal joint was slightly affected when the fixator was removed on day 60, but a follow‐up examination after one year showed that both calves had normal functional usage of the limbs.
World Rabies Day: focusing attention on a neglected disease
Authors: Briggs D. , Hanlon C. A. 
Published: October 2010

Rabies kills 55,000 people every year mainly in Africa and Asia, despite being entirely preventable through vaccination and prompt medical treatment. Spurred on by this statistic, the first ever World Rabies Day will be held on September 8 in order to raise global awareness of rabies prevention and control. The driving force behind the initiative is the Alliance for Rabies Control, a charity formed in 2006 by a group of researchers and professionals committed to eradicating rabies. To mark the event, The Veterinary Record has commissioned experts in the field of rabies control to discuss what veterinary surgeons have done and can do to tackle this devastating disease. The message that emerges is that veterinary surgeons, in close collaboration with the medical profession, have a vital role to play. In the first article, Deborah Briggs from Kansas State University and Cathleen Hanlon from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the usa describe the impetus behind the day, who is supporting it and what it hopes to achieve. Articles on the following pages describe other veterinary contributions to this field.
Breeding for resistance to mastitis in United Kingdom sheep, a review and economic appraisal
Authors: Conington J. , Cao G. , Stott A. , Bünger L. 
Published: October 2010

Mastitis is a problem in the sheep industry, and its incidence varies widely with how it is recorded, the breed of sheep and the farm. Virtually all the published information about the genetics of mastitis refers to dairy breeds of cattle and sheep, and there is little information for meat sheep breeds. Many dairy breeding programmes worldwide use the somatic cell count (scc) in milk as an indicator of resistance to clinical and subclinical mastitis, but it is difficult to measure in meat sheep breeds. Molecular genetic technologies may therefore be a more practical way to assess susceptibility to mastitis. This paper reviews the genetics of mastitis and considers the opportunities for breeding for resistance to mastitis, with particular reference to sheep. In addition, to investigate the potential economic effects of mastitis in a purebred sheep population, a computer model of flock dynamics was developed. By making a modest set of assumptions about the key farm parameters that influence lowland sheep production, the model showed that breeding for resistance (or other control methods), if it could reduce the risk of contracting mastitis by 10 per cent, would be worth £8.40 per ewe, equivalent annually to £2·7 million for the purebred sector of the Texel breed alone.
Serological changes observed in horses infected withAnoplocephala perfoliataafter treatment with praziquantel and natural reinfection
Authors: Abbott J. B. , Mellor D. J. , Barrett E. J. , Proudman C. J. , Love S. 
Published: October 2010

The serological changes in two groups of horses known to be harbouringAnoplocephala perfoliatawere studied; 12 were treated with 1·5 mg/kg praziquantel and 200 μg/kg ivermectin, and 14 were treated with 200 μg/kg ivermectin. Serological and faecal analyses were carried out on each animal at intervals for 758 days. The titres of antibodies specific forA perfoliatadecreased from the day of treatment to day 28 in both groups, and continued to decrease in the group treated with praziquantel and ivermectin, with the first significant decrease from the other group at day 121. From day 151 to day 295 the first significant increase in antibody levels in the group treated with both drugs was observed; noA perfoliataeggs were detected in the faeces of these animals until day 295 when five of the 10 were positive.