bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consecutive Northward Super Typhoons Induced Extreme Ozone Pollution Events in Eastern China
Authors: Wang Peng , Wang Peng , Wang Jiahe , Wang Jiahe , Tian Chunfeng , Tian Chunfeng , Gao Meng , Gao Meng , Cheng Tiantao , Cheng Tiantao , Mei Wei , Mei Wei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Typhoons are one of the most important weather systems that can cause severe ozone (O3) pollution in eastern China. While the effects of individual typhoons on O3 concentrations have been extensively studied, the effects of consecutive northward typhoons and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, partly due to the complex processes involved. Here, Typhoons Maysak and Haishen, two consecutive northward typhoons in 2020, are selected to investigate their impact on the O3 pollution in eastern China. The results show that consecutive northward typhoons not only produced and maintained meteorological conditions conducive to O3 generation (e.g., elevated temperatures and intensified solar radiation), but also facilitated local accumulation and cross-regional transport of O3. These factors jointly led to a 30% increase in O3 concentration in eastern China with a prolonged period of O3 pollution. Our work underscores the significance of complex meteorological conditions in O3 pollution occurrences during extreme weather events, advancing our understanding of how consecutive northward typhoons affect air quality.
Defining the mode of action of cisplatin combined with a phosphoramidate modification of gemcitabine
Authors: Patel Dillum , Dickson Alison L. , Zickuhr Greice M. , Um In Hwa , Read Oliver J. , Czekster Clarissa M. , Mullen Peter , Harrison David J. , Bre Jeniffer 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The combination of gemcitabine with platinum agents is a widely used chemotherapy regimen for a number of tumour types. Gemcitabine plus cisplatin remains the current therapeutic choice for biliary tract cancer. Gemcitabine is associated with multiple cellular drug resistance mechanisms and other limitations and has therefore declined in use. NUC-1031 is a phosphorylated form of gemcitabine, protected by the addition of a phosphoramidate moiety, developed to circumvent the key limitations and generate high levels of the cytotoxic metabolite, dFdCTP. The rationale for combination of gemcitabine and cisplatin is determined by in vitro cytotoxicity. This, however, does not offer an explanation of how these drugs lead to cell death. In this study we investigate the mechanism of action for NUC-1031 combined with cisplatin as a rationale for treatment. NUC-1031 is metabolised to dFdCTP, detectable up to 72 hours post-treatment and incorporated into DNA, to stall the cell cycle and cause DNA damage in biliary tract and ovarian cancer cell lines. In combination with cisplatin, DNA damage was increased and occurred earlier compared to monotherapy. The damage associated with NUC-1031 may be potentiated by a second mechanism, via binding the RRM1 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase and perturbing the nucleotide pools; however, this may be mitigated by increased RRM1 expression. The implication of this was investigated in case studies from a Phase I clinical trial to observe whether baseline RRM1 expression in tumour tissue at time of diagnosis correlates with patient survival.
Clinicobiochemical and GC-MS Based Serum Metabolomics for determination of Therapeutic Efficacy of Silymarin in Pneumonic Sheep
Authors: Hassan Hany , Kamr Ahmed , El-Gendy Abdel Nasser , Toribio Ramiro , Khattab Amira R. , mousa Walid , khaled Hadeer , Elkholey Abdelsalam , Kasem Mohamed , Arbaga Ali 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: The goal of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of silymarin against sheep pneumonia utilizing clinical, biochemical and metabolomics approaches.
Methods: Fifty adult male Barki sheep were divided into two groups based on their health status. Group 1 included healthy sheep (n = 10); Group 2 included sick sheep with clinical evidence of pneumonia (n = 40), which were further classified into four subgroups based on treatment protocols: subgroup 1 (SG1) was given traditional treatment; subgroup 2 (SG2) received traditional treatment plus daily 280 mg of silymarin orally; subgroup 3 (SG3) was administrated daily 280 mg of silymarin orally; and subgroup 4 (SG4) received daily 560 mg of silymarin orally. Evaluation of hepatic and renal function as well as serum lipid profile, glucose concentrations, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, and total antioxidant activity (TAC) was carried out using commercial kits. Efficacy-directed distinction between therapeutic groups was accomplished based on GC-MS generated serum metabolite profiles supported by partial least squares regression analysis (PLS).
Results: PLS score plot showed a clear discrimination between the healthy and pneumonic sheep groups that exhibited lower concentrations of TAC, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and glucose, but elevated liver enzyme, urea, creatinine, MDA and LDL-cholesterol (P < 0.05). Through clinical evaluations, the rapid clinical responses were achieved by the oral administration of silymarin 560 mg and through selective analysis of metabolomics profile, pneumonic therapy with 280 mg of silymarin was the best therapeutic outcome relying on a SG3 was strongly correlated with the upregulation of TAC, glucose, and total and HDL-cholesterol values.
Conclusions: Pneumonic sheep treated with silymarin exhibited healing as well as greater clinical, metabolomic and biochemical improvement than treatment with traditional treatment alone.
The anticancer effect of Metformin targets VDAC1 via ER-mitochondria interaction-mediated autophagy in HCC
Authors: Kwon Ho Jeong , Ko Minjeong , Jiho Kim , Lazim Raudah , Lee Ju Yeon , Kim Jin Young , Gosu Vijayakumar , Lee Yoonji , Choi Sun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Metformin (MetF) is widely used worldwide as a first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes. Recently, there has been increasing interest in the pleiotropic effects of MetF, such as its anti-cancer and anti-aging properties. However, the molecular target of the MetF and the detailed mechanism underlying its cell growth inhibitory effects through autophagy induction remain incompletely elucidated. In this study, using an innovative label-free DARTS/LC-MS/MS methods, we discovered that the mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) is a novel binding protein in the autophagy-related cell death activity of high-dose MetF in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Computational alanine scanning mutagenesis revealed that MetF and VDAC1 (Asp9, Glu203) interact electrostatically. MetF disrupts the IP3R-GRP75-VDAC1 complex, which plays a key role in stabilizing mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs) by binding to VDAC1. This disruption leads to increased cytosolic calcium levels, which contributes to autophagy induction. MetF also decreased the AMP/ATP ratio and activated the AMPK pathway. Cells genetically knocked down for VDAC1 mimicked the activity of MetF. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the involvement of MetF in ionic interactions with VDAC1, contributing to its anticancer effects in HCC. These findings help to elucidate the diverse biological and pharmacological effects of MetF, particularly its influence on autophagy, as well as the potential of MetF as a therapeutic agent for diseases in which VDAC1 is overexpressed.
Needle/electrode insertion mechanism for measuring plant electrical signals
Authors: Servin Miguel Angel Garcia , Chávez Amanda Kim Rico , Sánchez Magdalena Mendoza , Garcia José Alfredo Acuña , Gonzalez Ramón Gerardo Guevara , Medina Luis Miguel Contreras 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Plants generate electrical signals in response to mild and severe environmental stimuli to transmit physiological information and ultimately trigger defensive responses during stressful events. It has been proposed that detecting and characterizing such signals could allow researchers to mimic specific electrical stimuli and provoke desirable responses in crops. Nevertheless, manually inserting electrodes in plant tissues leads to irregular data records due to a lack of uniformity across insertion events. For this reason, we manufactured a prototype of an electrode/needle insertion mechanism built in aluminum and acrylic and used it to measure electrical signals caused by drought in Capsicum annum plants. As results the mechanism had a more consistent performance in the characteristics of the insertion as depth, alignment between electrodes and with plant stem. As well, the mechanism was used for obtaining electrical signals (ES) related to drought, which, through a convolutional neural network (CNN) could be differentiated from control ES´s with an 84.91% recognition rate. It was concluded that the mechanism reduced variations in the characteristics of the electrode insertion and that it could be implemented for ES´s analysis.
Effects of Technostress and the Role of Their Descriptive Characteristics of Intensive Care Nurses on Their Job Performance
Authors: HOŞGÖR Derya GÜNDÜZ , HOŞGÖR Haydar Kerem 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Backgraund: Technostress is defined as a modern adaptation disease resulting from the inability to cope with new computer technologies in a healthy way. In the context of healthcare, technostress can occur as a result of direct interaction between healthcare information technologies products and healthcare providers. This study was aimed at investigating the effect of technostress on job performance in intensive care nurses and discovering whether there were statistically significant relationships between the descriptive characteristics of the participants and the scores they obtained from the Technostress Scale and Job Performance Scale.
Methods: In the sample of this study, 214 intensive care nurses were included. , The data were collected using a Descriptive Information Form, Technostress Scale and Job Performance Scale. In addition to descriptive analysis, the t-test and One-Way ANOVA test, Pearson correlation analysis and simple regression analysis were used.
Results: The participating intensive care unit (ICU) nurses had a moderate level of technostress and a high level of job performance. The female participants’ technostress levels were statistically significantly higher than were those of the male participants. The single participants’ job performance levels were statistically significantly higher than were those of the married participants. Both technostress and job performance levels of the participants who had technological aptitude were significantly higher. There was a positive, significant and low correlation between the participating nurses' technostress and job performance levels (r: 0.146; p<0.05). The technostress variable has a 2.1% effect on the job performance levels of the participating nurses (F: 4.588; p<0.005).
Conclions: In the current literature, it is generally reported that technostress has negative results on individual and organizational outcomes; however, in the present study, the participants’ job performance improved as their technostress levels increased.
Polymorphic microsatellite markers for genetic analysis of Berkeleyomyces rouxiae, a causal agent of black root rot
Authors: USAMI Toshiyuki , Oya Akari 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Berkeleyomyces rouxiae, a soilborne fungal pathogen, causes black root rot disease on various plant species including carrot, okra, tobacco, lettuce, and other important crops. For this study, we analyzed whole genome sequence of Japanese isolates of B. rouxiae and discovered 25 microsatellite sequences. Those sequences were amplified from the genomic DNA of several Japanese isolates by PCR and sequenced. That analysis revealed that the microsatellite sequences were polymorphic among isolates. These markers are useful for phylogenetic analysis, epidemiological population analysis, identification of specific isolates, and other genetic investigation of B. rouxiae.
Decellularized vascular matrix material -TEVG coated with PRP for anti-degradation and anti-inflammation
Authors: Wu Yin-Di , Xu Jian-Yi , Sun Xu-Heng , Jiang Hong-Jing , Zhou Hao-Hao , Liu Qing , Xiao Cong , Wu Yue-Heng , Lin Zhan-Yi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Vascular regeneration is closely associated with inflammation response and the degradation rate of implants. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains various cytokines and proteins, and autologous PRP can be used to treat implants to reduce inflammation response.
Objective
To reduce the immune rejection response and degradation rate of implants in vivo by adding different derivatives of PRP.
Methods
TEVG were separately mixed with PBS, FIB, PGF, and PGF-blend to prepare different ECM implants for cell co-culture and subcutaneous transplantation experiments in rats. Tissue morphology was observed through HE, MASSON staining, and scanning electron microscopy. The impact of TEVG on macrophages was observed through cell immunofluorescence and WB. Subcutaneous transplantation in rats was assessed through HE and MASSON staining, immunofluorescence staining for CD206, CD86 to observe cell quantity and M2/M1 ratio.
Results
PBS, FIB, PGF, and PGF-blend exhibited unique morphologies under scanning electron microscopy. Both in vitro and in vivo studies showed an increase in M2/M1 ratio with PGF and PGF- coated, increasing water absorption capacity, and slowing down the metabolism of ECM materials in the body. Additionally, PRP downregulates multiple inflammation-related genes, reducing inflammatory response .
Conclusion
PGF and PGF- can reduce the immune rejection response of TEVG subcutaneous transplantation and decrease its degradation rate by reducing collagen loss in the implants.
Assessing Travel Time Performance of Multimodal Transportation Systems Using Fuzzy-AHP: A Case Study of Bhopal City
Authors: Tanwar Rahul , Agarwal Pradeep Kumar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Insufficient multimodal transportation infrastructure in Indian cities increases travel time, waiting time, traffic congestion, traffic accidents, travel costs, fast-growing energy consumption, and walking distance. The multimodal transportation system's journey time performance must be analysed to tackle these transportation concerns. Thus, this research provides a fundamental method for assessing multimodal transportation system trip time performance. This study proposes three steps for assessing travel time performance: identifying factors, generating individual indices, and evaluating the Multimodal Transport System Travel-Time Performance Index. The travel-time performance index of Bhopal city was 0.79 after evaluating the results of the individual indices (Access 0.49, In-vehicle 0.39, and Egress 0.38). Consequently, this study will help improve Bhopal's multimodal transportation system's poor locations and increase usage.
Ethical Implications of Artificial Intelligence in Anesthesiology: A Scoping Review
Authors: Sarkhosh Maryam , Kiaei Mehrdad Mesbah , Aligholizadeh Maryam , Sangi Siavash , Akbarpour Parisa , JalalKamali Elnaz 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Nowadays Artificial Intelligence (AI) as one of the advanced and rapidly growing technologies has had widespread effects on various aspects of human life. In the healthcare sector, the adoption of AI methodologies has gained significant momentum, particularly in enhancing patient care, with anesthesiology emerging as a field keenly embracing these technological advancements. The use of AI in anesthesia is accompanied by specific ethical and social issues that require careful examination and deep understanding. The objective of this scoping review was to compile existing literature about the ethical considerations surrounding the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) in anesthesiology.
Method
This scoping review was conducted within the first three months of 2024. The research question was "What are the ethical issues in the application of AI in anesthesia"? Based on the research question, researchers initially extracted relevant keywords using Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) and independently conducted preliminary searches in databases including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. The study selection process was guided by predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria were studies relevant to the research question. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) was used to report the review process.
Results
The search strategy yielded a total of 327 articles. Consequently, the full text of 4 studies was examined. Of these, 2 studies were excluded due to lack of relevance to the research question. In total, 2 studies (both in English) were included in this review. Both of these studies were cross-sectional studies that examined the opinions of anesthesiologists regarding the ethical implications of using artificial intelligence in anesthesia.
Conclusion
The ethical integration of AI into anesthesia holds promise for improving patient care outcomes while upholding principles of safety, fairness, and accountability. Additional training programs and updated protocols are necessary for ensuring data security, collection, and processing. Additionally, Appropriate legal regulations concerning data processing should be developed.
Critical signs and symptoms for self-assessment in the immediate postnatal period: an international Systematic Scoping Review and Delphi consensus study
Authors: Dey Teesta , Bassiony Nada , Hancock Angela , Benova Lenka , Mathai Matthews , Langlois Etienne , Ononge Sam , Lavender Tina , Weeks Andrew 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Every 2 minutes a woman dies from complications of pregnancy and childbirth. Most maternal deaths occur within the first 24 hours following birth, highlighting the importance of immediate postnatal care (iPNC). Self-care strategies are increasingly being employed to promote women-centred, continuous care provision. Despite international calls for development of strategies promoting self-care, none have been developed for self-monitoring in the immediate postnatal period. Fundamental to the development of a self-monitoring strategy, is an understanding of which signs and symptoms are predictive of maternal morbidity and mortality and can be easily assessed by mothers and birth companions, in health facilities, without the need for equipment. The objective of this study was to develop and achieve international consensus on the key signs and symptoms.
Methods
A multi-step approach involving a systematic scoping review, two- round Delphi Survey, and expert consensus was employed to identify key signs and symptoms that can be self- assessed and predict morbidity and mortality in the immediate postnatal period.
Results
A comprehensive list of 351 key signs and symptoms was identified from 44 clinical practice guidelines. Subsequently, 134 signs and symptoms were reviewed by Delphi respondents and international expert consensus was achieved for 19 key signs and symptoms across seven condition categories. The signs that were considered both important and able to be self-assessed by mothers and birth companions in the first 24 hours following birth included change in consciousness, seizure, severe headache, persistent visual impairment, urinary incontinence, chest pain, shortness of breath, severe pallor, fast heartbeat, rejection of baby, suicidal/infanticidal, fever, heavy blood loss, soft flabby uterus, unable to urinate easily, foul smelling discharge, rigors, syncope/dizziness, abnormal coloured urine.
Conclusion
This study identified key signs and symptoms which can be easily assessed by mothers and birth companions in the immediate postnatal period to identify those most at risk of morbidity and mortality. Further work is needed to validate this screening tool, and adapt it for other regions and countries.
Bioenergetic phenotype of hippocampal neurons in various inbred mouse strains
Authors: Zelentsova Alexandra S. , Shmigerova Veronika S. , Skorkina Marina , Deykin Alexei V. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Phenotypic changes in energy metabolism are one of the key reasons for changes in brain function during the development of neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of the work was to study cell respiration features and the energy phenotype in inbred mouse strains. The primary mixed culture of hippocampal neurons isolated from embryos on the 18th day of gestation and from newborn mice on the 2nd day was used. Based on the measurement results maps of the metabolic profile of the neuron-glia culture was constructed. As a result, of the study, an increased oxygen consumption rate was established both in the E18 culture by 16.95 (p < 0.05) and in P2 by 32% (p < 0.05) in APP mice. The lowest level of basal mitochondrial respiration was characteristic of the primary mixed culture of neurons obtained from HPRT mice in the E18 culture, the oxygen consumption rate decreased by 23.7% (p < 0.05), in the P2 culture - by 52.4% (p < 0.05). On the E18 and P2 hippocampal culture derived from mice with models of neurodegeneration (APP, Tau) revealed an increased bioenergetics demand, an aerobic type of metabolism and the absence of switching the energy phenotype under physiological conditions were established. The identified features should be taken into account in the further when planning experiments to study the mechanisms of influence of various pharmacological substances on the respiratory function of neurons.
Experimental Study on the Dynamic Rebound Modulus and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Characteristics of Coarse-grained Chlorine Saline Soils and Evaluation of Road Performance
Authors: CHEN Xin , GAO Lin , WANG Yongze , LIU Xuejun , Li Bolin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

To explore the control indexes of coarse-grained chlorine saline soils used as subgrade fillings, a series of indoor dynamic triaxial tests and CBR tests are conducted. And then the evolution law of the dynamic rebound modulus and CBR of coarse-grained chloride saline soils is analyzed under the conditions of different stress levels, water content, and salt content. The experimental results show that the dynamic rebound modulus increases with the increase of confining pressure and body stress, and decreases with the increase of deviatoric stress. The CBR increases with the increase of unit pressure. At the same level of stress, the higher the salt content and water content, the more significant the effect of stress on the dynamic rebound modulus and CBR, and the salt content has a more significant impact than that of water content. The maximum reduction amplitudes in the dynamic rebound modulus are 43.3% and 13.5% corresponding to salt content and water content, respectively. The maximum reduction amplitudes in the CBR are 65.9% and 51.4%, respectively. Finally, based on the experimental data, a prediction model of the road performance index is proposed and the salt content threshold values of coarse-grained chloride saline soils used as subgrade fillings are calculated at different depths. The results of the study provide a solid support for the use of coarse-grained chloride saline soils as subgrade fillings.