bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive value of Caprini risk assessment model, D-dimer, and fibrinogen levels on lower extremity deep vein thrombosis in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Fang Xia , Shen Yi , Wang Mei , Dai Lihong , Shi Linlin , Zhang Feng , Chen Congcong , Yuan Yuan 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionResearch indicates that individuals experiencing hemorrhagic stroke face a greater likelihood of developing lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) compared to those with ischemic stroke. This study aimed to assess the predictive capacity of the Caprini risk assessment model (RAM), D-dimer (D-D) levels, and fibrinogen (FIB) levels for lower extremity DVT in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH).MethodologyThis study involved a retrospective analysis of medical records from all sICH patients admitted to Shanghai General Hospital between June 2020 and June 2023. Within 48 h of admission, patients underwent routine screening via color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS). Patients were categorized into the DVT and control groups based on the occurrence of lower extremity DVT during hospitalization. Differences in Caprini RAM, D-dimer, and FIB levels between the two groups were compared. The sensitivity and specificity of combined Caprini RAM, peripheral blood D-dimer, and FIB levels in predicting lower extremity DVT in sICH patients were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves assessed the overall predictive accuracy of Caprini RAM, D-D, and FIB levels.ResultsThe study involving 842 sICH patients revealed 225 patients with DVT and 617 patients without DVT. Caprini RAM, D-D, and FIB levels were significantly higher in the DVT group compared to the control group (P &lt; 0.05). Sensitivity values for Caprini RAM, D-D, and FIB levels in predicting lower extremity DVT in sICH patients were 0.920, 0.893, and 0.680, respectively, while specificities were 0.840, 0.680, and 0.747, respectively. The ROC curve analysis demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.947 for combined DVT prediction, with 97.33% sensitivity and 92.00% specificity, indicating superior predictive value compared to individual applications of Caprini RAM, D-D, and FIB levels.ConclusionThe combined utilization of Caprini RAM, D-D, and FIB levels holds significant clinical relevance in predicting lower extremity DVT in sICH patients.
Short-term effects of temperature-related indices on emergency ambulance dispatches due to mental and behavioral disorders in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Yin Ziming , Jingesi Maidina , Yin Zhao , Chen Siyi , Huang Suli , Cheng Jinquan , Li Xiaoheng , Liu Ning , Wang Peng , Yin Ping , Jiang Hongwei 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionThe precise associations between temperature-related indices and mental and behavioral disorders (MBDs) have yet to be fully elucidated. Our study aims to ascertain the most effective temperature-related index and assess its immediate impact on emergency ambulance dispatches (EADs) due to MBDs in Shenzhen, China.MethodsEADs data and meteorological data from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2020, in Shenzhen were collected. Distributed lag non-linear models (DLNMs) were utilized to examine the non-linear and lagged effects of temperature-related indices on EADs due to MBDs. The Quasi Akaike Information criterion (QAIC) was used to determine the optimal index after standardizing temperature-related indices. After adjusting for confounding factors in the model, we estimated the immediate and cumulative effects of temperature on EADs due to MBDs.ResultsThe analysis of short-term temperature effects on EADs due to MBDs revealed Humidex as the most suitable index. Referring to the optimal Humidex (3.2th percentile, 12.00°C), we observed a significant effect of Humidex over the threshold (34.6th percentile, 26.80°C) on EADs due to MBDs at lag 0–5. The cumulative relative risks for high temperature (90th percentile, 41.90°C) and extreme high temperature (99th percentile, 44.20°C) at lag 0–5 were 1.318 (95% CI: 1.159–1.499) and 1.338 (95% CI: 1.153–1.553), respectively. No significant cold effect was observed on EADs due to MBDs.ConclusionHigh Humidex was associated with more EADs due to MBDs in subtropical regions. Health authorities should implement effective measures to raise public awareness of risks related to high temperature and protect vulnerable populations.
Moving towards health promoting schools: effectiveness of an educational intervention to improve knowledge, attitude and beliefs regarding heart attack, and CPR knowledge in high school students in Lebanon
Authors: Abdelkhalik Mohamad , Boutros Eliannore , Trad Khalid , Arafat Oulyana , Alyousfi Mohamad Nihad , Bouclaous Carmel 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundHealth promoting schools (HPS) prioritize the health of students and community. One important target of HPS is noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including prevention of heart attacks, due to their burden on healthcare.ObjectiveThis study assesses the effectiveness of an educational intervention to promote knowledge of signs and symptoms, beliefs and attitudes towards heart attack, and promote knowledge of Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).MethodsThe intervention consisted of a 6-minute educational video between a pre-and post-survey. Among other questions, the survey included the Calgary Charter on Health literacy scale, the acute coronary syndrome response index questionnaire, and items assessing knowledge of CPR.ResultsA total of 401 high school students participated (58.9% females). Few students had adequate baseline knowledge of heart attack symptoms (22%) and CPR (7%). The sample showed moderate level of health literacy (12 ± 2.7). Chest pain was the most identified symptom (95%) while abdominal pain was the least identified (14.25%). The intervention significantly increased knowledge, beliefs and attitudes towards heart attack, and knowledge of CPR (p &lt; 0.001). Following the intervention, 83.2% of students demonstrated sufficient knowledge of heart attack symptoms, and 45% exhibited adequate knowledge of CPR. Variables predictive of better attitude, in other words higher confidence in recognizing and reacting to symptoms of heart attack, included having higher health literacy and prior knowledge of risk factors (p &lt; 0.05). Needing help reading medical instructions sometimes predicted worse belief in their capacity to act if they experienced or witnessed a heart attack [score (p &lt; 0.05)]. It was also predictive of worse attitude towards heart attack (OR = 0.18).ConclusionHigh school students in Lebanon lack appropriate knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs toward heart attack, and lack CPR qualifications. Scale up of this educational initiative, along with training of teachers and school personnel, can be used as part of a holistic HPS program aimed at raising awareness of heart attack and first responder preparedness.
A large and feasible national survey representative of population exposure to outdoor gamma radiation in urban areas
Authors: Carpentieri Carmela , Maiorana Andrea , Ampollini Marco , Antignani Sara , Caprio Mario , Carelli Vinicio , Cordedda Carlo , Di Carlo Christian , Bochicchio Francesco 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundAlthough data on outdoor gamma radiation are available for many countries, they have generally been obtained with measurements performed in undisturbed environments instead of in urban areas where most of the population lives. Only one large national survey, with on-site measurements in urban areas, has been identified worldwide, probably due to high costs (e.g., personnel and instrumentation) and difficulties in selecting measuring points.MethodsA campaign of outdoor gamma radiation measurements has been carried out in the entire Italian territory. All measurement points were selected at the infrastructures of an Italian telecommunications company as representatives of all the possible situations of outdoor exposure to gamma radiation for population in urban areas. Ten replicates of portable gamma (X) detectors carried out all the measurements.ResultsApproximately 4,000 measurements have been performed. They are distributed across 2,901 Italian municipalities, accounting for 75% of the Italian population. The national population-weighted mean of the gamma ambient dose equivalent rate (ADER) is 117 nSv h−1, and it ranges from 62 to 208 nSv h−1 and from 40 to 227 nSv h−1 for 21 regions and 107 provinces, respectively. The average variability at the municipal level, in terms of the coefficient of variation (CV) is 21%, ranging from 3 to 84%. The impact of land coverage and the distance from a building on the outdoor gamma radiation level was assessed with complementary measurements, leading to differences ranging from −40 to 50% and to 50%, respectively.ConclusionA representative campaign of outdoor gamma dose rate measurements has been performed in Italy, only in urban areas, to assess the exposure effect due to outdoor gamma radiation on the population. It is the largest national campaign in urban areas worldwide, with a total of 3,876 on-site measurements. The land coverage and the distance from surrounding buildings were recognized to strongly affect outdoor gamma radiation levels, leading to high variability within small areas. The collaboration with a company that owns a network of facilities on a national territory as dense as the residing population made this survey feasible and affordable. Other countries might adopt this methodology to conduct national surveys in urban environments.
Melatonin-Regulated Chaperone Binding Protein Plays a Key Role in Cadmium Stress Tolerance in Rice, Revealed by the Functional Characterization of a Novel Serotonin N-Acetyltransferase 3 (SNAT3) in Rice
Authors: Lee Hyoung-Yool , Back Kyoungwhan 
Published: May 2024

The study of the mechanisms by which melatonin protects against cadmium (Cd) toxicity in plants is still in its infancy, particularly at the molecular level. In this study, the gene encoding a novel serotonin N-acetyltransferase 3 (SNAT3) in rice, a pivotal enzyme in the melatonin biosynthetic pathway, was cloned. Rice (Oryza sativa) OsSNAT3 is the first identified plant ortholog of archaeon Thermoplasma volcanium SNAT. The purified recombinant OsSNAT3 catalyzed the conversion of serotonin and 5-methoxytryptamine to N-acetylserotonin and melatonin, respectively. The suppression of OsSNAT3 by RNAi led to a decline in endogenous melatonin levels followed by a reduction in Cd tolerance in transgenic RNAi rice lines. In addition, the expression levels of genes encoding the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones BiP3, BiP4, and BiP5 were much lower in RNAi lines than in the wild type. In transgenic rice plants overexpressing OsSNAT3 (SNAT3-OE), however, melatonin levels were higher than in wild-type plants. SNAT3-OE plants also tolerated Cd stress, as indicated by seedling growth, malondialdehyde, and chlorophyll levels. BiP4 expression was much higher in the SNAT3-OE lines than in the wild type. These results indicate that melatonin engineering could help crops withstand Cd stress, resulting in high yields in Cd-contaminated fields.
THERAPEUTIC EFFECTIVENESS OF THE MEDICINE DORAMECTIN AVZ WHEN TREATING CATTLE NEMATODOSES
Authors: ЕНГАШЕВ С.В. , ЕНГАШЕВА Е.С. , КОЛЕСНИКОВ В.И. , ЧЕТВЕРТНОВ В.И. , КОМАРОВ А.А. 
Published: May 2024

Среди заболеваний сельскохозяйственных животных наибольшее внимание ветеринарные специалисты обращают на паразитозы, в том числе и нематодозы желудочно-кишечного тракта, которые причиняют животноводству большой экономический ущерб. Целью исследований было изучение эффективности действия препарата «Дорамектин АВЗ» при нематодозах крупного рогатого скота. Работу выполняли в фермерском хозяйстве (с. Турксад, Левокумский район, Ставропольский край), где по результатам копроскопии подобрали 30 телят с массой тела 120—200 кг, интенсивно зараженных нематодами желудочно-кишечного тракта (остертагии, нематодиры, трихостронгилы, гемонхи, хабертии, буностомы, эзофагостомы). Животных разделили на 2 группы — опытную (n=20) и контрольную (n=10). Телятам опытной группы препарат «Дорамектин АВЗ» в дозе 1мл/50 кг массы тела ввели однократно подкожно в области шеи. По результатам копрологических исследований установили, что интенсэффективность препарата «Дорамектин АВЗ» в дозе 1мл/50 кг массы тела животного, примененного однократно, составила 97,3% при экстенэффективности 90%.
Among diseases of farm animals, veterinary specialists pay most attention to parasitoses, including nematodoses of the gastrointestinal tract, which cause great economic damage to livestock farming. The aim of the research was to study the effectiveness of the drug "Doramectin AVZ" in nematodosis of cattle. The work was carried out in a farm (Turksad village, Levokumsky district, Stavropol region), where 30 calves with body weight of 120-200 kg, intensively infected with nematodes of the gastrointestinal tract (O. ostertagi, Nematodirus, Trichostrongylus, Haemonchus, Chabertia ovina, Bunostomum phlebotomum, Oesophagostomum) were selected according to the results of coproscopy. The animals were divided into 2 groups - experimental (n=20) and control (n=10). In calves of the experimental group the preparation "Doramectin AVZ" at a dose of 1ml/50 kg body weight was injected once subcutaneously in the neck area. According to the results of coprological studies it was found that intensiveness of the preparation "Doramectin ABZ" in the dose of 1ml/50 kg of animal body weight, applied once, was 97.3% with extensiveness of 90%.
Using the Brainstorming Strategy to Develop Arabic Reading Comprehension for Seventh Grade Students in Jordan
Authors: Al-Hirsh Sameer Mohammad Ali , Alslaiti Feras Mahmoud 
Published: May 2024

Objectives: This study examines the effectiveness of using the brainstorming teaching strategy to develop critical and creative reading comprehension levels in the Arabic language subject for seventh grade students in Jordan.
Methods: This study adopted the quasi-experimental approach. A survey question slip for Arabic language teachers, a brainstorming teaching plan, and a pre-posttest were designed in order to measure the levels of critical and creative reading skills. The sample of the study consists of 167 students selected randomly from 7045 seventh graders at schools under the first Directorate of Education in Irbid. The sample of the study was divided into one control group and one experimental group of female students, and one control group and one experimental group of male students.
Results: The study showed that there were statistically significant differences between the means of scores of the selected sample concerning their performance in both the critical and creative reading posttests, which can be attributed to the brainstorming strategy and in favor of the experimental group. The study also showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the means of scores of the selected sample in terms of their performance in the critical reading posttest that can be attributed to gender. In addition, the study showed that there were statistically significant differences between the means of scores of the selected sample regarding their performance in the creative reading posttest which can be attributed to gender and in favor of female students.
Conclusions: Brainstorming improves students’ both critical and creative reading skills in Arabic. The study recommends that Arabic language teachers apply the brainstorming strategy to teaching different Arabic textbooks and for other grades, focusing on adolescents.
Polarized Light from Massive Protoclusters (POLIMAP). I. Dissecting the Role of Magnetic Fields in the Massive Infrared Dark Cloud G28.37+0.07
Authors: Law Chi-Yan , Tan Jonathan C. , Skalidis Raphael , Morgan Larry , Xu Duo , de Oliveira Alves Felipe , Barnes Ashley T. , Butterfield Natalie , Caselli Paola , Cosentino Giuliana , Fontani Francesco , Henshaw Jonathan D. , Jimenez-Serra Izaskun , Lim Wanggi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Magnetic fields may play a crucial role in setting the initial conditions of massive star and star cluster formation. To investigate this, we report SOFIA-HAWC+ 214 μm observations of polarized thermal dust emission and high-resolution GBT-Argus C18O(1-0) observations toward the massive Infrared Dark Cloud (IRDC) G28.37+0.07. Considering the local dispersion of B-field orientations, we produce a map of the B-field strength of the IRDC, which exhibits values between ∼0.03 and 1 mG based on a refined Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi method proposed by Skalidis & Tassis. Comparing to a map of inferred density, the IRDC exhibits a B–n relation with a power-law index of 0.51 ± 0.02, which is consistent with a scenario of magnetically regulated anisotropic collapse. Consideration of the mass-to-flux ratio map indicates that magnetic fields are dynamically important in most regions of the IRDC. A virial analysis of a sample of massive, dense cores in the IRDC, including evaluation of magnetic and kinetic internal and surface terms, indicates consistency with virial equilibrium, sub-Alfvénic conditions, and a dominant role for B-fields in regulating collapse. A clear alignment of magnetic field morphology with the direction of the steepest column density gradient is also detected. However, there is no preferred orientation of protostellar outflow directions with the B-field. Overall, these results indicate that magnetic fields play a crucial role in regulating massive star and star cluster formation, and therefore they need to be accounted for in theoretical models of these processes.
Keck Primary Mirror Closed-loop Segment Control Using a Vector-Zernike Wavefront Sensor
Authors: Salama Maïssa , Guthery Charlotte , Chambouleyron Vincent , Jensen-Clem Rebecca , Wallace J. Kent , Delorme Jacques-Robert , Troy Mitchell , Wenger Tobias , Echeverri Daniel , Finnerty Luke , Jovanovic Nemanja , Liberman Joshua , López Ronald A. , Mawet Dimitri , Morris Evan C. , van Kooten Maaike , Wang Jason J. , Wizinowich Peter , Xin Yinzi , Xuan Jerry 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We present the first on-sky segmented primary mirror closed-loop piston control using a Zernike wavefront sensor (ZWFS) installed on the Keck II telescope. Segment cophasing errors are a primary contributor to contrast limits on Keck and will be necessary to correct for the next generation of space missions and ground-based extremely large telescopes, which will all have segmented primary mirrors. The goal of the ZWFS installed on Keck is to monitor and correct primary mirror cophasing errors in parallel with science observations. The ZWFS is ideal for measuring phase discontinuities such as segment cophasing errors and is one of the most sensitive WFSs, but has limited dynamic range. The vector-ZWFS at Keck works on the adaptive-optics-corrected wavefront and consists of a metasurface focal plane mask that imposes two different phase shifts on the core of the point-spread function to two orthogonal light polarizations, producing two pupil images. This design extends the dynamic range compared with the scalar ZWFS. The primary mirror segment pistons were controlled in closed loop using the ZWFS, improving the Strehl ratio on the NIRC2 science camera by up to 10 percentage points. We analyze the performance of the closed-loop tests, the impact on NIRC2 science data, and discuss the ZWFS measurements.
SAUNAS. I. Searching for Low Surface Brightness X-Ray Emission with Chandra/ACIS
Authors: S. Borlaff Alejandro , Marcum Pamela M. , Alpaslan Mehmet , Temi Pasquale , Chamba Nushkia , Chojnowski Drew S. , Fanelli Michael N. , Koekemoer Anton M. , Laine Seppo , Lopez-Rodriguez Enrique , Siemiginowska Aneta 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We present Selective Amplification of Ultra Noisy Astronomical Signal (SAUNAS), a pipeline designed for detecting diffuse X-ray emission in the data obtained with the Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS) of the Chandra X-ray Observatory. SAUNAS queries the available observations in the Chandra archive and performs photometric calibration, point-spread function modeling and deconvolution, point-source removal, adaptive smoothing, and background correction. This pipeline builds on existing and well-tested software including CIAO, VorBin, and LIRA. We characterize the performance of SAUNAS through several quality performance tests and demonstrate the broad applications and capabilities of SAUNAS using two galaxies already known to show X-ray-emitting structures. SAUNAS successfully detects the 30 kpc X-ray superwind of NGC 3079 using Chandra/ACIS data sets, matching the spatial distribution detected with more sensitive XMM-Newton observations. The analysis performed by SAUNAS reveals an extended low surface brightness source in the field of UGC 5101 in the 0.3–1.0 keV and 1.0–2.0 keV bands. This source is potentially a background galaxy cluster or a hot gas plume associated with UGC 5101. SAUNAS demonstrates its ability to recover previously undetected structures in archival data, expanding exploration into the low surface brightness X-ray Universe with Chandra/ACIS.
Kinematics and Star Formation in the Hub–Filament System G6.55-0.1
Authors: Sen Saurav , Mookerjea Bhaswati , Güsten Rolf , Wyrowski Friedrich , Ishwara-Chandra C. H. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Hub–filament systems (HFSs) being the potential sites of formation of star clusters and high-mass stars, provide a testbed for the current theories that attempt to explain star formation globally. It is thus important to study a large number of HFSs using both intensity and velocity information to constrain these objects better observationally. Here, we present a study of the HFS associated with G6.55-0.1 using newly obtained observations of the radio continuum and the J = 2–1 transition of CO, 13CO, and C18O. The radio continuum maps show multiple peaks that coincide with far-infrared dust continuum peaks, indicating the presence of more than one young massive star in the hub of the HFS. We used the velocity information from the C18O(2–1) map to (a) show that the source G6.55-0.1 is not physically associated with the supernova remnant W28 and (b) disentangle and identify the velocity components genuinely associated with G6.55-0.1. Among the velocity-coherent structures identified in the region, we conclude that only the two filaments at 13.8 and 17.3 km s−1 contribute a total mass accretion rate of 3000 M
⊙ Myr−1 to the hub. Both the filaments also show a V-shaped structure, characteristic of gravitational collapse, in their velocity profile at the location of the hub. The estimated mass per unit length of the segments of the filaments is smaller than the critical line masses derived from virial equilibrium considerations. This suggests that the filaments are not gravitationally collapsing as a whole, although their inner parts clearly show evidence of collapse in the form of young star-forming cores. We further conclude that the observed velocity gradients are consistent with the gravitational collapse of the main source in the region as estimated from its mass and size.