bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mild cognitive impairment - Correlations of imagistic and clinical data
Authors: Podea D.M. 
Published: May 2011

Mild cognitive impairment is the clinical state between normal cognition and dementia in elderly people which does not interfere notably with activities of daily life; subjects perform more poorly on a variety of cognitive, functional and behavioral measures than normal persons of the same age.The study comprises 141 subjects between 60 and 92, diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment with Mini Mintal State Evaluation (MMSE), clock drawing test (CDT) and computer tomography.MMSE score between 28-21 points is considered mild cognitive impairment.The computer tomography imaging showed specific types of cortical and subcortical atrophies. Tomography examination multislides was performed with 2.5 mm axial sections of brain and axial and coronary reconstruction with sections at 1mm, presenting accurate diagnosis criteria, highlighting the group studied the following:Ø 53.1% (75 patients) specific lesions to vascular dementia : moderate atrophy of the temporal lobe, hippocampus atrophy, frontal diffuse ischemia and subcortical hipodense ischemic lesions ;Ø 12.1% specific changes to Alzheimer’s disease, as: obvious atrophy of hippocampus, ipsilaterale enhancement of temporal cone of lateral ventricle, temporal lobes atrophy, diffuse cerebral atrophy (lateral ventricles less extended), widening perimezencefalics cysternes;Ø specific pathological changes due to age (34.8%): widening external and internal fluid spaces (lateral ventricles, ventricle III) enlargement of fronto-temporal fluid space, heterodense millimeter images on basal nuclei.The study emphasizes the importance of imagistic examination to increase the accuracy of clinical diagnosis allowing early diagnosis of Alzheimer and vascular dementia, in order to recomand specific therapy from the early stages of cognitive disfunctions.
P02 - 361 White matter microstructural abnormalities in antisocial personality disorder: A pilot diffusion tensor imaging study
Authors: Sundram F. , Deeley Q. , Sarkar S. , Daly E. , Latham R. , Barker G.J. , Murphy D.G.M. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionAntisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and psychopathy involve significant interpersonal and behavioural impairments. However, little is known about white matter (WM) abnormalities in tracts linking grey matter regions. A previous diffusion tensor imaging (DT-MRI) tractography study in ASPD and psychopathy revealed abnormalities in the right uncinate fasciculus, indicating fronto-limbic disconnectivity.ObjectivesIt is not clear whether WM abnormalities are restricted to only this tract or are more widespread. Therefore, we planned to use whole brain DT-MRI voxel-based analyses.AimsTo clarify if WM abnormalities extend beyond the frontal lobe.MethodsWe used whole brain DT-MRI to compare WM fractional anisotropy (FA) of 15 adults with ASPD and healthy age, handedness and IQ-matched controls. Also, within ASPD subjects, we related differences in FA to severity of psychopathy measures.ResultsSignificant WM FA reductions were found in ASPD subjects relative to controls. These were found bilaterally in the anterior corpus callosum. Right hemisphere FA reduction was found in the anterior corona radiata, uncinate fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and internal capsule. Left hemisphere, FA deficits encompassed the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and internal capsule. There was a significant negative correlation between WM FA in the right uncinate fasciculus and corpus callosum and measures of psychopathy.ConclusionsWe report FA reduction in the uncinate fasciculus and anterior corpus callosum which may be associated with frontal and inter-hemispheric disconnectivity in ASPD, in addition to abnormalities in other tracts which directly or indirectly connect to prefrontal regions.
Frontotemporal resting state hypoperfusion in patients with major depression - a study using arterial spin labeling
Authors: Walther S. , Höfle O. , Federspiel A. , Horn H. , Strik W. , Müller T.J. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionMajor depression is associated with altered neural function in frontal and limbic areas.ObjectivesThe findings have been inconsistent, especially those derived from cerebral blood flow (CBF) measures.AimsTo identify differences in regional CBF between patients and controls using arterial spin labeling (ASL) at rest.Methods20 patients with major depression and 20 matched healthy controls were scanned in the morning with a pCASL-sequence at a 3 T Siemens scanner. Mean Hamilton Depression Score (21 item version) was 26.2 ± 5.7 for patients, mean Beck Depression Inventory scores were 28.9 ± 8.9. Mean age did not differ between groups (39.6 vs. 44.4 years). Whole brain voxelwise T-Tests were correct for multiple comparisons using a False Discovery Rate of q < 0.05.ResultsMean global resting CBF was not different between groups (66.1 vs. 63.0 ml/100 mg/min, T = 0.95, p = 0.35). FDR correction at q < 0.05 led to a T-value threshold of 3.71 (p < 0.001) for group comparison. Hypoperfusion in patients was detected in left middle temporal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, right precentral gyrus. Hyperperfusion in patients was seen in the right superior temporal gyrus.ConclusionsASL revealed frontotemporal hypoperfusion in patients with major depression. This is in line with previous work and the current concept of depression. However, we were unable to replicate hyperperfusion in limibic areas.
Lack of mental flexibility as endophenotype in autism spectrum disorder and obsessive comulsive disorder families
Authors: Goussé V. , Hagi A. , Stilgenbauer J.-L. , Delorme R. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionResults from clinical and molecular genetic studies suggest that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) could have a shared pattern of heritability. Among a large number of clinical variables evaluated, obsessive compulsive/repetitive behaviors have been found to be highly correlated among autism probands and their relatives. Empirical evidence from neuropsychological studies suggest that an appropriate model for repetitive behaviours is a deficit of executive functions specifically flexibility. Given the lack of flexibility observed in ASD and OCD probands, we hypothesised that it could represent a shared endophenotype in both families.MethodsSeven cognitive tests belonging to executive functions, central coherence and theory of mind were proposed to 58 unaffected first-degree relatives of probands with ASD and 61 unaffected first-degree relatives of OCD patients and compared with 34 healthy controls. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed.ResultsASD relatives - specifically mothers - performed significantly worse on all the tests than OCD relatives and controls. Moreover, inside the OCD group, female individuals performed significantly worse than males. Finally, the PCA indicate that the cognitive profiles of the ASD relatives and the OCD relatives were similar but distinct from controls.ConclusionLack of cognitive flexibility is observed in ASD and OCD families and might constitute a shared intermediate cognitive phenotype. Our study constitutes an effort to clarify the relationship between ASD and OCD having implications for our nosological understanding of both disorders.
Agomelatine in the treatment of obsesive-compulsive-disorder: Potential for clinical effectiveness: An 4-week, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Marqués Cabezas P. , Cabus Piñol G. , Coullaut-Valera García J. , Dominguez Martín C. , Villegas Martinez J.L. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of fixed-dose agomelatine 25 and 50 mg/d in the treatment of outpatients with obsesive-compulsive disorder (OCD) compared to placebo.MethodIn this 8-week, multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group trial, patients with DSM-IV-defined OCD were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive a once-daily dose of agomelatine 25 mg, agomelatine 50 mg, or placebo. The primary efficacy measure was the change from baseline to week 8 in the clinician-rated 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS(17)); other efficacy measures were The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and the Clinical Global Impression scale. The study was conducted between December 2009 and January 2010.ResultsAgomelatine 25 mg/d was more efficacious based on the HDRS(17) total score (P = .01) compared to placebo throughout the treatment period, whereas for agomelatine 50 mg/d, statistically significant reduction in HDRS(17) total score could be observed from weeks 2 to 6 but not at week 8 (P = .144). A higher proportion of patients receiving agomelatine 25 mg/d showed clinical response (P = .013), clinical remission (P = .07), and improvement according to the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement scale (P = .065) compared to those receiving placebo. No statistically significant difference between patients receiving agomelatine 50 mg/d compared to placebo on clinical response. Both agomelatine doses were safe and well tolerated, although clinically notable aminotransferase elevations were observed transiently in the agomelatine 50 mg/d group.ConclusionsAgomelatine 50 mg/d provided evidence for its antidepressant efficacy until week 6 and was also safe and well tolerated.
Objective and subjective improvement after a new form of cognitive and behavioral therapy for obsessive compulsive disorder patients
Authors: Morgieve M. , Clair A.-H. , Saulton A. , N’Diaye K. , Pelissolo A. , Mallet L. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionCognitive and Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is one of the two treatments recognized as most efficient to improve Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) symptoms.ObjectivesThe major aim of this study is to facilitate CBT for OCD checkers. To this purpose, we developed a new psycho-pedagogic tool to be used during CBT sessions and assessed its objective efficacy and the patients’ perception of their therapy.MethodologyExperimental CBT sessions included a “checking task”, composed of a “matching task” followed by a “checking phase” during which subjects were given the opportunity to check or to confirm their prior answer. This tool was appended to a classical CBT (as described in the literature).30 OCD patients with checking compulsions each followed 15 individual CBT sessions with a psychologist. They were randomized in two groups: a “reference CBT” (CBT classically described in literature) and an “experimental CBT” (reference CBT + checking task) group. Symptom severity was assessed by the Y-BOCS and CGI at three main stages of the therapies: before, at half-therapy, at the end of therapy and 6 months later. Assessment was performed blindly by an expert psychologist to avoid any bias, and the patients’ impressions were collected at the same time.ResultsAt the end of therapies, symptom severity decreased significantly (24.08 to 12.5) and participants had a better global functioning, especially in their social and familial lives.ConclusionsBoth CBT offer an important clinical improvement of OCD symptoms. Patients and psychologists expressed their satisfaction at having participated to the study.
Pregabalin augmentation in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Oulis P. , Mourikis I. , Konstantakopoulos G. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectivesThe therapeutic limitations of mainstay psychopharmacological treatments of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) warrant the clinical testing of further add-on agents in order to improve patients’ clinical outcomes. The novel antiepileptic drug pregabalin (PGB) could be such an adjunctive agent in view of its attested efficacy in other anxiety disorders, especially generalized anxiety disorder.MethodsWe report on an open-label add-on trial of the novel antiepileptic pregabalin (PGB) in 10 (4 male and 6 female) OCD-patients resistant or only partial responders to an - at least 6-month long - combination of serotonin reuptake inhibitors with atypical antipsychotic.Patients’ regimens were stable for at least the last six months before their enrolment in the study and were maintained unchanged throughout the trial. Patients’ assessment took place weekly during the trial. PGB's dosage titration was conditional upon both degree of clinical response and side-effects during past week. Patients’ pre- and post- PGB ratings on the Y-BOCS were compared by means of paired samples t-test.ResultsAdjunctive PGB at 225–675 mg/d was well-tolerated and led within 4–12 weeks to patients’ substantial improvement in their OCD symptoms, as reflected in their scores on the Y-BOCS (t = 9.83, p < 0.001). Equally robust was Cohen's d measure of effect-size (d = 2,99).ConclusionsDespite the several limitations of the study, its results suggest that adjunctive PGB might be a safe and efficacious new agent in the treatment of drug-resistant OCD.
Tourette syndrome (TS) mimicking tardive dystonia
Authors: Paparrigopoulos T. , Persefonis G. , Tzavellas E. , Karaiskos D. , Liappas I. 
Published: May 2011

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by early onset motor and vocal tics. Tics are brief, stereotypical, repetitive and non-rhythmic movements or phonations that typically follow a waxing and waning pattern of severity, intensity and frequency; they can be distinguished from other hyperkinetic movement disorders on the basis of their temporary voluntary suppression. TS should be differentiated from various movement disorders. We report a case of a young man who presented with torticollis, which was eventually attributed to TS.Case reportA 21-year-old man was admitted to our clinic due to treatment resistant cervical dystonia attributed to neuroleptics. During the last five years he had been treated for depressed mood, somatic delusions and aggressive behaviour. He had been given SSRIs and atypical antipsychotics at low doses; six months prior to his admission he had been switched to risperidone.Present clinical examination revealed torticollis, motor stereotypies, vocal tics (sniffing, repetition of words), mental koprolalia and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. He complained of repetitive intrusive thoughts of harming his sister and thoughts of a ‘delusional’ nature regarding somatic complaints were also present. The patient was diagnosed as TS and was successfully treated accordingly.TS can mimic many hyperkinetic states. Whether patients with TS are at higher risk of developing dystonia, or tics and dystonia share a common pathophysiological mechanism (dopamine-inhibiting processes are probably involved in both conditions) is still debatable.
Quantitative assessment of psychosocial distress of individuals with poly-trauma and with chronic pain, according to the ama guides sixth edition
Authors: Miciano A. 
Published: May 2011

The objective was to examine the psychosocial distress (PD) status of Poly-Trauma individuals > two years (PTI) and with chronic pain using the Pain Disability Questionnaire (PDQ), a formal assessment for rating pain-related impairments (PRI) by the AMA Guides to Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, Sixth Edition.Results from the Self-Administered Comorbidity Questionnaire (SCQ) were used to identify 60 out of 100 outpatient PTI with chronic pain. The PDQ and Physical Performance Tests (PPT): 6-Minute Walk Test, Berg Balance Scale, & Dynamic Gait Index scores were also recorded.The PDQ was sub-categorized to: 19% mild PRI, 38% moderate, 38% severe and 5% extreme PRI and was also further divided into Functional Status (FS) versus Psychosocial Distress (PD) Status. The PD scores ranged from 8 to 55/60 points with an average 37/60 points. Comparing the effect of the PD over FS revealed that 25% of the total PDQ score (range 5–37%) was due to PD of the PTI.The PRI rating demonstrated a close trend relationship between total PDQ and low PPT scores. The majority of PTI scored in the moderate & severe PRI. The FS/PD ratio in relationship to total PDQ remained consistent when subjects were separated based on PRI, and there was little variation in PPT. These findings suggest that the pain disability of PTI, regardless of severity, results in significant loss in health-related quality of life attributed to the PD status. Further research on FS & PD sub-scores and their correlations to decreased PPT scores would be beneficial.
Comparison of coping strategies for pain introversion and extraversion among addicted people in the state of withdrawal
Authors: Shefiei Amiri M. , Ahmadi Gatab T. , Nazian Najafi M. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionPain is a personal experience influenced by many factors such as cultural experiences and impressions, the educational and family situations and psychological problems are numerous and complex perceptual field above factors than the concept of individual forms of pain. ProcessObjectiveThis study aimed to compare strategies to deal with pain and addiction introspective extraversion is being left.MethodsThis study is a comparison of Ali in the analysis of statistical methods MANOVA findings will be made and the strategies for coping with pain (the revocation, reinterpretation of pain, talk to your ignore pain, tragedy and pray for Entrepreneurship - Hope) and a behavioral strategy (increasing behavioral activity) classified in two groups of addicts introspective (15) and extraversion (15 cases) were compared for leaving.ResultsTotal average component methods to deal with the pain of eccentric left at addicts are left are more introverted. This suggests that addicts are left eccentric methods to deal with pain more than the poor addicts are left introverted enjoyed.DiscussionDeal with pain component) the revocation, reinterpretation of pain, talk to your ignore pain, disaster, playing, praying and hope (the personality types of introverts and extroverts have enjoyed significant difference. So therefore rejected and be accepted with maximum reliability.
How to choose the best screening instrument for personality disorder for your specific practice
Authors: Germans S. , Van Heck G.L. , Hodiamont P.P.G. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionPersonality disorders (PD) are common in psychiatric services and can adversely affect the management and outcome of mental illnesses. Therefore assessment of the personality is an essential part of initial psychiatric examination. To diagnose a PD takes time and competence. A screening instrument in the diagnostic phase can be a solution.AimThe goal of the study was to provide clinicians a powerful screening tool for personality disorders that is ‘quick and dirty’.MethodNine screening instruments were studied in a prospective, observational, test development study with a random sample of Dutch psychiatric outpatients, using the SCID-II as the gold standard. There were three short questionnaires (Standardized Assessment of Personality- Abbreviated Scale (SAPAS), Iowa Personality Disorder Screen (IPDS), Short version of the SCID-II), three longer questionnaires (the SCID-II Personality Questionnaire, the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP-PD/C;) one short semi structured interview (Quick Personality Assessment Schedule (PAS-Q.) and two informant interviews (Standardised Assessment of personality (SAP), the Standardized Assessment of Personality- Abbreviated Scale for informants (SAPAS-INF)) involved.ResultsThe three short questionnaires and the semi structured interview were very useful for determining the presence/absence of PD. The other instruments can be used in particular situations for example to determine a specific PD or if the patient is not able to accomplish the test.ConclusionBefore deciding which screening instrument for PD is the best for your practice, you have to consider psychometric values as well as practical circumstances.
Turning Each Borderline Personality Disorder Patient Into Clinical Research Project Through Lifetrack
Authors: Ishizuka Y. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectiveTo demonstrate how each BPD patient in therapy can be turned into an on-going research project by tracking progress (or lack thereof) of each patient through daily self-rating on 41 parameters. The author has treated 224 BPD patients, showing that characteristic BPD symptoms (such as high spikes of anxiety, anger, physical symptoms, depression, and psychosis) can be predictably eliminated by transforming personality through ‘Breakthrough Intimacy’ - closeness between committed couples far greater than their previous maximum experience, usually without drugs and often within 6 months.MethodLifetrack therapy works with the patient and his/her partner in three-way teamwork, bringing them far closer than ever before, guided by their own daily self-rating on 41 parameters that allow accurate graphic tracking via Internet of subtle changes in their personalities and dynamic mental status during each therapy session. The therapist actively helps the couple to think, feel, and act in such ways that their closeness will increase, provoking and overcoming waves of symptom spikes (defense) until they disappear by exhaustion, as the couples undergo personality transformations.Results42% of 224 patients (with or without partners) treated with borderline personality disorder reached a level of adjustment beyond their previous maximum level. Patients with partners (134) did 10 times better (66.4% vs 5.6%) than singles (90). 34% reached Stage-4 (complete transformation far beyond symptom elimination).ConclusionBPD should be treated with patients’ partners whenever possible, bringing them far closer than their previous maximum experience, guided by their own daily self-rating graphs.
Identity Disturbance and Substance- Dependency in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Kheradmand A. , Ghaffari Nejad A. , Toofani K. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionIdentity disturbance is one of the DSM- IV criteria for borderline personality disorder, but there has been little attention to its nature. Four subset of identity disturbance (role absorption, painful incoherence, inconsistency, lack of commitment) have been assessed.AimsAssess the role of these subsets in patients with borderline personality disorder and examine the relation between identity disturbances with substance- dependency.BackgroundThis case- control study was conducted on 40 patients with borderline personality disorder referring to Beheshti Hospital in Kerman during 2007-2008; and 40 healthy people who were matched with case group in term of gender, and educational level. Data gathering was done with three questionnaire including a demographic- related questionnaire, disturbance questionnaire (included 35 items), and a questionnaire related to substance- dependency and its related factors. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 11) by mean calculation and t-test and ANOVA.MethodsMean score of 33 items of identity disturbance questionnaire were greater with significant difference in case group (p < 0.05). Means differences in two groups in all subsets were statistically significant except for role absorption (p < 0.05). Means differences in all subsets in substance- dependent subjects and substance- independent people in both groups were not statistically significant.FindingsIdentity disturbance is one of the major criteria for borderline personality disorder, but in different societies the role of its subsets are different. Assessing subsets of identity disturbance has no value in assessing substance- dependency in patients with borderline personality disorder.