bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IgA antibodies against the Epstein‐Barr nuclear antigen1 as a valuable biomarker for the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Tunisian patients
Authors: Ayadi Wajdi , Karray‐Hakim Héla , Feki Lamia , Khabir Abdelmajid , Boudawara Tahia , Ghorbel Abdelmonem , Daoud Jamel , Frikha Mounir , Hammami Adnane 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSerological tests for Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) have been used for many years as diagnostic predictors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. It has been shown previously that the conventional immunofluorescence assay has a limited diagnostic value, especially in young patients from North African area. In the search for more reliable immunoglobulin (Ig) G or IgA antibody markers for the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, immunoblot analysis was performed using a full spectrum of EBV proteins. Sera were collected from 108 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and three control groups composed of 18 patients with lymphoma, 18 other patients with autoimmune diseases and 55 healthy EBV carriers. It was observed that the IgA Epstein‐Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1), IgA early antigen (EA)‐p138 and IgG EA‐p138 antibodies represent the most specific anti‐EBV responses in either young or older patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma which yield higher positive rates compared to the three control groups. Since the IgA EBNA1 response showed the highest sensitivity value for the detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, a novel enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was established using a GST‐EBNA1 protein expressed in bacteria, containing the P‐threonine EBNA1 subtype cloned from DNA EBV sequence of C15 xenograft cells. Detection rates were 85.7% and 94.9% in young and older patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma respectively, while only 3.6%, 11.1%, and 16.6% in healthy EBV carriers, patients with lymphoma and patients with autoimmune diseases, respectively. Thus, IgA EBNA1 ELISA may be useful for early diagnosis and mass screening of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Tunisia even in young patients. J. Med. Virol. 81:1412–1421, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differences in viral kinetics between genotypes 1 and 2 of hepatitis C virus after single administration of standard interferon‐alpha
Authors: Toyoda Hidenori , Kumada Takashi , Kiriyama Seiki , Sone Yasuhiro , Tanikawa Makoto , Hisanaga Yasuhiro , Kanamori Akira , Atsumi Hiroyuki , Takagi Makiko , Nakano Satoshi , Arakawa Takahiro , Fujimori Masashi 
Published: June 2009

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) kinetics were determined after a single administration of standard interferon (IFN) according to the HCV genotype that affects the response to antiviral therapy with IFN/peginterferon. A total of 208 patients were investigated. All patients received a single administration of 6 megaunits of standard IFN‐alpha. HCV RNA concentration was measured before, and at 24, 48, 72, and 120 hr after administration. Changes in HCV RNA concentration were compared between genotypes. The patient group consisted of 132 patients with genotype 1B, 58 with genotype 2A, and 18 with genotype 2B. In the comparison between genotypes 1 and 2, the reduction in HCV RNA concentration after a single IFN administration was less marked in patients with genotype 1B at both 24 and 48 hr after administration (P < 0.0001). In contrast, an increase in HCV RNA concentration during 24–48 or 24–72 hr after a single administration was comparable between genotypes 1 and 2. In the comparison between genotypes 2A and 2B, the reduction in HCV RNA concentration after a single administration was more marked in patients with genotype 2A, despite the similar rate of sustained virologic response to peginterferon and ribavirin combination therapy. The results of the study indicate that the rapid decrease in HCV RNA concentration observed during IFN or peginterferon therapy in patients with genotype 2 appeared to be due to the difference in sensitivity to IFN. Within genotype 2, HCV genotype 2A was more sensitive to IFN than genotype 2B. J. Med. Virol. 81:1354–1362, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic characterization of Chinese measles vaccines by analysis of complete genomic sequences
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhou Jianhui , Bellini William J. , Xu Wenbo , Rota Paul A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe complete genomic sequences of two Chinese measles vaccine viruses, Shanghai‐191 (S‐191) and Changchun‐47 (C‐47), were determined and compared to the sequences of other measles vaccine strains as well as the prototype measles strain, Edmonston wild‐type (Edwt). Compared to Edwt, S‐191 and C‐47 had 49 and 43 nucleotide changes, respectively. These differences were found at 52 nucleotide positions that were not found in other vaccine strains. Phylogenetic analysis of the all of the available genomic sequences for measles vaccines showed that S‐191 and C‐47 were most closely related to the Leningrad‐4 strain. S‐191 and C‐47 shared conserved vaccine virus‐specific amino acid changes in the phosphoprotein (P), V, C, matrix (M), and hemagglutinin (H) that could represent important targets for future studies aimed at understanding the molecular basis of attenuation. In addition, S‐191 and C‐47 had several unique amino acid changes including 13 positions that differed from Edwt. This is the first comparison of the complete genomic sequences of Chinese measles vaccines to the sequences of other vaccine strains. J. Med. Virol. 81:1477–1483, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gene expression profiling of dengue infected human primary cells identifies secreted mediators in vivo
Authors: Becerra Aniuska , Warke Rajas V. , Martin Katherine , Xhaja Kris , de Bosch Norma , Rothman Alan L. , Bosch Irene 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe used gene expression profiling of human primary cells infected in vitro with dengue virus (DENV) as a tool to identify secreted mediators induced in response to the infection. Affymetrix GeneChip analysis of human primary monocytes, B cells and dendritic cells infected with DENV in vitro showed strong induction of monocyte chemotactic protein 2 (MCP‐2/CCL8), interferon gamma‐induced protein 10 (IP‐10/CXCL10) and tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL/TNFSF10). The expression of these genes was confirmed in dendritic cells infected with DENV in vitro at mRNA and protein levels. A prospectively enrolled cohort of DENV‐infected Venezuelan patients was used to measure the levels of these proteins in serum during three different periods of the disease. Results showed significant increase of MCP‐2, IP‐10, and TRAIL levels in patients infected with DENV during the febrile period, when compared to healthy donors and patients with other febrile illnesses. MCP‐2 and IP‐10 levels were still elevated during the post‐febrile period while TRAIL levels dropped close to normal after defervescense. Patients with primary infections had higher TRAIL levels than patients with secondary infections during the febrile period of the disease. Increased levels of IP‐10, TRAIL and MCP‐2 in acute DENV infections suggest a role for these mediators in the immune response to the infection. MCP‐2 was identified in this work as a new unreported and important dengue‐related protein and IP‐10 was confirmed as a novel and strong pro‐inflammatory marker in acute disease. J. Med. Virol. 81:1403–1411, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adenovirus type 3 outbreak in connecticut associated with a novel variant
Authors: Landry Marie L. , Lebeck Mark G. , Capuano Ana W. , McCarthy Troy , Gray Gregory C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAn adenovirus outbreak occurred in New Haven, Connecticut in 2006–2007. Molecular typing revealed a twofold increase in adenovirus type 3 infections. Restriction enzyme analysis (REA) indicated that the CT outbreak was largely due to a marked increase in the novel Ad3a51 strain. This outbreak represents the first detection of Ad3a51 in the United States. While most infections were mild, children under 3 were at increased risk for severe disease and one patient with underlying disease died. J. Med. Virol. 81:1380–1384, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human T‐lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) genetic typing in Kakeroma Island, an island at the crossroads of the ryukyuans and Wajin in Japan, providing further insights into the origin of the virus in Japan
Authors: Eguchi Katsuyuki , Fujii Hidefumi , Oshima Kengo , Otani Masashi , Matsuo Toshiaki , Yamamoto Taro 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPeripheral blood samples were collected from 23 human T‐lymphotropic virus type‐1 (HTLV‐1) carriers residing in Kakeroma Island, Japan (Kagoshima Prefecture, Oshima County, Setouchi Town), one of the most highly endemic areas in Japan. The samples were subjected to amplification by PCR and sequencing of the Long Terminal Repeat in order to reconstruct a phylogenetic tree of HTLV‐1 isolates. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of env region was also conducted for subgrouping of HTLV‐1. Although one sample could not be amplified by PCR, and three more could not be sequenced due to the existence of conspicuous nonspecific bands or repeated sequences, the phylogenetic analysis revealed that the remaining 19 isolates obtained from Kakeroma Island belonged to either the Transcontinental or the Japanese subgroups of the Cosmopolitan subtype, one of the three major subtypes. The RFLP data corresponded closely with the typing data throughout the sequencing. The proportion of the Transcontinental subgroup among the isolates was 26.3% (5 of 19) by sequence analysis and 27.3% (6 of 22) by RFLP. Unlike in Taiwan, China and Okinawa, the Japanese subgroup was dominant in Kakeroma Island. The analysis would also suggest that the Japanese subgroup seems not to have derived from the Transcontinental subgroup, but rather that the Transcontinental subgroup came to Japan first and was followed later by the Japanese one. J. Med. Virol. 81:1450–1456, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of stored dried blood spots for retrospective diagnosis of congenital CMV
Authors: Atkinson Claire , Walter Simone , Sharland Mike , Tookey Pat , Luck Suzanne , Peckham Catherine , Griffiths Paul 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus infection cannot be made with certainty in children presenting after the perinatal period, unless stored early samples are available for diagnostic testing. This has led to uncertainty in confirming the overall contribution of CMV to hearing loss and neurodevelopmental impairment. The use of dried blood spots (DBSs) to retrospectively diagnose infection in children with compatible symptoms may be helpful diagnostically although there are ongoing uncertainties regarding the stability of viral DNA in cards, the risk of contamination between cards, and sensitivity and specificity in a clinical setting. This report aims to address these areas and evaluate the use of DBS testing in our hands in the United Kingdom to date. Results from testing artificially prepared cards and cards from three populations of children suggest a high specificity for congenital CMV infection and a good sensitivity for cases where sensorineural hearing loss is caused by congenital CMV. J. Med. Virol. 81:1394–1398, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lower cellular immune responses to influenza A (H3N2) in the elderly
Authors: Jia Na , Li Chris , Liu Yun‐Xi , Richardus Jan H. , Feng Dan , Yang Hong , Dang Rong‐Li , Ma Yong‐Hong , Xu Xiao‐Ning , Cao Wu‐Chun 
Published: June 2009

AbstractInfluenza epidemic is an important cause of severe illness in the elderly. Age‐dependent morbidity of influenza in the elderly is associated with weakened immunity. The baseline age‐related memory T cell activity in Chinese persons who are exposed to influenza virus through natural infection, are associated with the protective response to the virus after vaccination, thus providing important pre‐vaccination information. A cohort from the general population was established at the end of an influenza season in an area where influenza occurs regularly, and followed for 24 weeks. The subjects had no vaccination history for 5 years. Memory T cell responses were evaluated using a set of peptides spanning the influenza A (H3N2) entire proteome in a gamma interferon (IFN‐γ)‐enzyme‐linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay, prior to the next influenza season. Changes of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers were also evaluated. IFN‐γ+ T cell responses against influenza peptides were significantly lower in subjects of 60 years and older. Although the age‐related decline of cellular immune response was clear, no significant association of antibody titers with age was found. The pre‐vaccination baseline of memory IFN‐γ+ T cell immunity state in elderly Chinese was significantly lower than in people younger than 60 years. Measurement of the ex vivo cellular immune responses to influenza should be incorporated into the evaluation of protective immunity in elderly persons. J. Med. Virol. 81:1471–1476, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monitoring of herpes simplex virus DNA types 1 and 2 viral load in cerebrospinal fluid by real‐time PCR in patients with herpes simplex encephalitis
Authors: Schloss Lottie , Falk Kerstin I. , Skoog Eva , Brytting Maria , Linde Annika , Aurelius Elisabeth 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was evaluated retrospectively on 92 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 29 patients with herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis with the aim to study if the concentration of HSV genomes can be used as a prognostic marker and for monitoring of antiviral therapy. The results were compared to those obtained previously by nested PCR, and the numbers of HSV genomes/ml were evaluated in correlation to patient outcome and treatment. The aims were to compare the sensitivity of a conventional nested PCR to a quantitative PCR, to investigate the range of HSV genome concentration in initial samples and to evaluate possible relationships between the HSV DNA concentrations in CSF, neopterin levels, and outcome of disease. The 29 initial samples contained between 2 × 102 and 42 × 106 HSV genomes/ml. There was no apparent correlation between the amount of HSV DNA in the initial samples and income status, initial neopterin levels, or prognosis. The number of HSV genomes/ml declined after treatment in all patients, but HSV DNA was still detectable after day 20 in 3 out of 16 patients. A long duration of genome detectability was found to correlate with poor outcome. There was no difference in sensitivity between the nested PCR and the quantitative PCR. While the quantitative PCR is more rational than a nested PCR, the quantitation of HSV genomes does not seem very useful as a prognostic marker in HSV encephalitis. J. Med. Virol. 81:1432–1437, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of preharvest application of antagonistic yeast combined with chitosan on decay and quality of harvested table grape fruit
Authors: Meng Xianghong , Tian Shiping 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Decay caused by fungal pathogens is responsible for significant economic loss of grape fruit in vineyards worldwide. However, postharvest treatment is not advisable for this fruit owing to its thin waxy pericarp and succulent flesh, which are easily damaged. Therefore preharvest treatment even at 1 day before harvest has been considered as a promising method to control postharvest decay of table grape fruit in storage. Integrative effects of preharvest application of Cryptococcus laurentii combined with low‐concentration chitosan on decay and quality of table grape fruit during storage were investigated in this study.RESULTS: Spraying of antagonistic yeast combined with chitosan before harvest significantly reduced natural decay of fruit stored at 0 °C. Preharvest treatment stabilised polyphenol oxidase activity, increased peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase activities and decreased superoxide dismutase activity compared with control fruit. There was a higher ratio of soluble solid content to titratable acidity in treated fruit than in control fruit during storage. In addition, preharvest treatment affected the total phenolic content in fruit during storage.CONCLUSION: The results suggest that integrative application of C. laurentii and low‐concentration chitosan before harvest may be a promising technology to control decay of table grape fruit in storage. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison of post‐germination mobilization of cell wall polysaccharides and non‐cell wall carbohydrates in soybean (Glycine max L.) cotyledons
Authors: Gronwald John W , Jung Hans‐Joachim G , Litterer Lynn A , Somers David A 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: In previous research, we demonstrated that cell wall polysaccharide (CWP) levels of soybean (Glycine max L.) cotyledons are negatively correlated with the sum of seed oil and protein content. Although the results suggest that reducing cotyledon CWP levels would be desirable, it is not known whether CWP are mobilized during early seedling growth and, if so, to what extent mobilization contributes to seed reserves.RESULTS: Ungerminated (dry) seeds contained equivalent amounts [approximately 20 mg (cotyledon pair)−1] of non‐cell wall carbohydrates (NCWC) and CWP. Galactose and arabinose accounted for 47% of total CWP in cotyledons of dry seeds. Measured 14 days after planting (DAP), the levels of NCWC and CWP were reduced 98% and 34%, respectively, in cotyledons of seedlings grown under a 16‐h photoperiod. Measured 14 DAP, greater than 85% of cotyledon cell wall galactose plus arabinose was mobilized. The transformation of the cotyledon to a photosynthetic organ was associated with restructuring of the cell wall involving increases in uronic acids, glucose and rhamnose.CONCLUSION: CWP of soybean cotyledons are modified during early seedling growth due to mobilization and cell wall restructuring triggered by light. The amount of carbon mobilized makes only a small contribution to total cotyledon reserves. Published 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antibacterial and antioxidant effects of five spice and herb extracts as natural preservatives of raw pork
Authors: Shan Bin , Cai Yi‐Zhong , Brooks John D , Corke Harold 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to find natural spice and herb extracts with antibacterial and antioxidant capacities that could be potentially used as natural preservatives in raw pork.RESULTS: The inhibitory effects of cinnamon stick, oregano, clove, pomegranate peel and grape seed extracts on Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica were evaluated in raw pork at room temperature (∼20 °C). The influences of these extracts on lipid oxidation in the meat were also investigated. The pH, colour parameters and TBARS (thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances) values were tested periodically. The results showed that all five natural extracts, especially clove, were effective against the bacteria. During storage the colour parameters of the extract‐treated pork samples changed slightly, in comparison with significant changes in the control. Treatments with these extracts increased the stability of raw pork against lipid oxidation. Clove was the most effective for retarding lipid oxidation and presented the highest antioxidant activity in raw pork.CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the tested extracts, especially clove, have potential as natural preservatives to reduce numbers of pathogenic bacteria, colour degradation and lipid oxidation in raw pork. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Descriptive sensory analysis of light, medium, and dark colored kernels of black walnut cultivars
Authors: Warmund Michele R , Elmore Janelle R , Adhikari Koushik , McGraw Sherry 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Kernels of black walnut trees (Juglans nigra L.) are characterized by their unique fruity, woody, musty and sweet flavors. While most of the crop is produced from native trees, an increasing volume of kernels is harvested from grafted trees of improved cultivars. Cultivars produce nuts with desirable cracking qualities and have larger kernel size than those of native trees. However, kernel color of black walnuts can be variable due to time of harvest and hulling. The objective of this study was to evaluate flavor attributes of light, medium and dark colored kernels of Emma K, Kwik Krop, Sparks 127 and wild black walnut trees.RESULTS: Eighteen flavor terms were used for descriptive analysis of walnut kernels. Floral/fruity and sweet flavors varied among wild and Sparks 127 kernels. Various flavor characteristics were affected by kernel color. Dark colored kernels had more intense burnt, musty/dusty, oily, woody, astringent, and sour flavors than light colored kernels.CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that eliminating dark colored Emma K and Sparks 127 kernels by color sorting will likely limit acrid, rancid and bitter flavors in the marketplace, which may be perceived as unappealing by consumers. Light colored kernels are produced by shaking trees early in the harvest season and hulling fruits immediately after harvest. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Liquid chromatographic determination of benomyl in water samples after dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction
Authors: Farhadi Khalil , Farajzadeh Mir Ali , Matin Amir Abbas 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) method combined with solvolysis reaction for extraction of the carbamate fungicide benomyl as carbendazim from water samples is described. The method is based on the extraction of benomyl from acidified sample solution and its conversion into carbendazim via solvolysis reaction with DMF as organic solvent. The proposed DLLME method was followed by HPLC with fluorimetric detection for determination of benomyl. The proposed method has good linearity (0.998) with wide linear dynamic range (0.01–25 mg/L) and low detection limit (0.0033 mg/L), making it suitable for benomyl determination in water samples.
In situ ethylation of organolead, organotin and organomercury species by bromomagnesium tetraethylborate prior to GC‐ICP‐MS analysis
Authors: Nsengimana Hermogène , Cukrowska Ewa M. , Dinsmore Andrew , Tessier Emmanuel , Amouroux David 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAn analytical method for simultaneous in situ ethylation, of organolead, organotin and organomercury compounds in aqueous samples was developed using a new derivatisation agent, bromomagnesium tetraethylborate (BrMgEt4B). The determination of lead, tin and mercury compounds was done by species‐specific isotope dilution, derivatisation and GC–inductively coupled plasma MS (GC‐ICP‐MS) or by GC‐MS. The recovery and accuracy of the derivatisation were evaluated. The effect of pH and the relative quantity of derivatisation agent were studied.
Testing the impact of a promotional video on destination image change: application of China as a tourism destination
Authors: Shani Amir , Chen Po‐Ju , Wang Youcheng , Hua Nan 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis study empirically examines the potential effects of a promotional video on the image change of China as a travel destination. The analysis is based on an experimental study conducted among young, international short‐term employees in the USA. Despite positive changes in almost all the destination attributes as a result of watching the promotional video, the structure of the image constructs remains fairly stable, providing critical insights on the potential role of publicity campaigns in affecting destination images. Results of the study reveal that China's image consists of mixed and often contrasting representations, especially the polarity of modernisation and progress versus nature and history. It was found that the dominant factor affecting the respondents' behavioural intentions was the cultural and nature tourism dimension. Although other image dimensions exhibit influence as well, findings of this study suggest that perceived value should be a strategic focus in promoting China as a desirable travel destination, in addition to culture and nature tourism. This paper ends with conclusions and implications for both research on destination image and destination marketing in China. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.