bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Herpes zoster incidence in a multicenter cohort of solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Pergam S.A. , Forsberg C.W. , Boeckh M.J. , Maynard C. , Limaye A.P. , Wald A. , Smith N.L. , Young B.A. 
Published: July 2010

S.A. Pergam, C.W. Forsberg, M.J. Boeckh, C. Maynard, A.P. Limaye, A. Wald, N.L. Smith, B.A. Young. Herpes zoster incidence in a multicenter cohort of solid organ transplant recipients. Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 15–23. All rights reservedBackground. Immunosuppressed patients are at increased risk for herpes zoster (HZ), but incidence in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients has varied in multiple studies. To assess incidence of HZ, we examined patients who underwent SOT and received follow‐up care within the large multicenter US Department of Veteran's Affairs healthcare system.Methods. Incident cases of HZ were determined using ICD‐9 coding from administrative databases. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model, adjusted for a priori risk factors, was used to assess demographic factors associated with development of HZ.Results. Among the 1077 eligible SOT recipients, the cohort‐specific incidence rate of HZ was 22.2 per 1000 patient‐years (95% confidence interval [CI], 18.1–27.4). African Americans (37.6 per 1000 [95% CI, 25.0–56.6]) and heart transplants recipients (40.0 per 1000 [95% CI, 23.2–68.9]) had the highest incidence of HZ. Patients transplanted between 2005 and 2007 had the lowest incidence (15.3 per 1000 [95% CI, 8.2–28.3]). In a multivariable model, African Americans (hazard ratio [HR] 1.88; 95% CI: 1.12, 3.17) and older transplant recipients (HR 1.13; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.27 [per 5‐year increment]) had increased relative hazards of HZ.Conclusions. These data demonstrate that HZ is a common infectious complication following SOT. Future studies focused on HZ prevention are needed in this high‐risk population.
Fourth‐ to third‐order cycles in the Hakobuchi Formation: Shallow‐marine Campanian final deposition of the Yezo Group, Nakagawa area, northern Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Ando Hisao , Tamura Yoshitaka , Takamatsu Daisuke 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe Yezo Group has a wide longitudinal distribution across Hokkaido, northern Japan. It represents a Cretaceous (Early Aptian–Late Maastrichtian) and Late Paleocene forearc basin‐fill along the eastern margin of the paleo‐Asian continent. In the Nakagawa area of northern Hokkaido, the uppermost part of the Yezo Group consists of the Hakobuchi Formation. Along the western margin of the Yezo basin, 24 sedimentary facies (F) represent 6 facies associations (FA), suggesting prevailing storm‐dominated inner shelf to shoreface environments, subordinately associated with shoreface sand ridges, outer shelf, estuary and fluvial environments. The stacking patterns, thickness and facies trends of these associations allow the discrimination of six depositional sequences (DS). Inoceramids Sphenoceramus schmidti and Inoceramus balticus, and the ammonite Metaplacenticeras subtilistriatum, provide late Early to Late Campanian age constraints to this approximately 370‐m thick final stage of deposition and uplift of the Yezo forearc basin. Six shallow‐marine to subordinately non‐marine sandstone‐dominated depositional sequences include four 10 to 110‐m thick upward‐coarsening regressive successions (FS1), occasionally associated with thin, less than 10‐m thick, upward‐fining transgressive successions (FS2). The lower DS1–3, middle DS4–5 and upper DS6 represent three depositional sequential sets (DSS1–3). These eastward prograding and westward retrograding recurring shallow‐marine depositional systems may reflect third‐ and fourth‐order relative sealevel changes, in terms of sequence stratigraphy.
Is child nudity in art ever pornographic?
Authors: Isaacs David , Isaacs Thomas G 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn 2008, police raided an art gallery in Sydney just prior to the opening of an exhibition of photographs by the famous Australian artist and photographer Bill Henson. The images depicted naked 12‐ and 13‐year‐old children. The photographs were seized, although later released and Henson was never prosecuted. This prompted vigorous debate about censorship. In this article, a paediatrician and a Fine Arts Honours graduate argue that censorship laws regarding the depiction of children in art are needed but only to protect children from exploitation, not to protect the public from being corrupted by viewing pornographic material.
Longitudinal changes in canal length at 16–35 weeks in normal twin pregnancies and twin pregnancies with preterm labor and delivery
Authors: Yoshizato Toshiyuki , Inoue Yoshihito , Fukami Tatsuya , Sanui Ayako , Miyamato Shingo , Kawarabayashi Tatsuhiko 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAim:  To describe the longitudinal changes in canal length at 16–35 weeks' gestation in cases of twin pregnancy with preterm labor and delivery.Methods:  We studied 22 cases of twin pregnancy that were delivered at <36 weeks and/or that underwent preterm labor requiring tocolysis. We also studied 44 cases of twin pregnancy delivered at ≥36 weeks without tocolysis (non‐tocolysis twin pregnancy). Controls were 82 cases of normal singleton pregnancy. Canal length was longitudinally measured using transvaginal ultrasonography. The observational period of 16–35 weeks was divided into 4‐week periods for analysis.Results:  From 28 to 31 weeks onwards the canal length of non‐tocolysis twin pregnancies was shorter than that of normal singleton pregnancies (P < 0.05). The canal length of twin pregnancies with preterm labor and delivery was shorter than that of non‐tocolysis twin pregnancies at 16–19 weeks and decreased rapidly until 24–27 weeks (P < 0.01).Conclusions:  A short canal length at 16–19 weeks followed by rapid canal length shortening in the second trimester are specific characteristics in preterm labor and delivery of twin pregnancies. Sequential measurements of canal length in the second trimester starting at <20 weeks may be a suitable parameter to predict preterm labor and delivery in twin pregnancies.
Multidimensional scale of perceived social support: Psychometric properties in a South Asian population
Authors: Akhtar Athfah , Rahman Atif , Husain Meher , Chaudhry Imran B , Duddu Venu , Husain Nusrat 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAim:  The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) was developed to assess perceived social support, and has been widely used in Western samples. We attempted to translate and adapt this scale into the Urdu language, and herewith report on its psychometric properties in a rural Pakistani setting.Methods:  The study sample consisted of 325 antenatal women who were registered with ‘Lady Health Workers’ in the Kallar Circle of Rawalpindi district. The subjects were assessed pre‐ and postnatally with measures of psychiatric distress, and social support and depression, respectively (using a guided structured interview).Results:  MSPSS scores were inversely related to measures of psychiatric distress and depression, thus supporting the construct validity of the MSPSS as a measure of social support. The internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) of MSPSS was 0.92. Unlike previous research using the MSPSS in Western studies, the factor analysis revealed a single‐factor solution that accounted for 53% of the variance.Conclusions:  The Urdu translation of the MSPSS was found to have good construct validity, and internal consistency. However, the findings suggest that women in the study population perceived social support as a unitary construct, as opposed to a tri‐dimensional one as identified in Western samples.
Elective single cleavage‐stage embryo transfer need not result in lower pregnancy rates compared to double cleavage‐stage embryo transfer
Authors: Nakagawa Koji , Nishi Yayoi , Sugiyama Rie , Kuribayashi Yasushi , Sugiyama Rikikazu , Inoue Masato 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAim:  To confirm whether women who choose to have one fresh embryo transferred and one frozen‐and‐thawed embryo when needed can dramatically reduce the possibility of a multifetal pregnancy while giving themselves a better chance of achieving pregnancy.Methods:  We enrolled 685 patients who were undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment at our clinic between January 2005 and December 2008. None of the patients had a history of ART treatment, and they received either a double‐embryo transfer (DET) or single‐embryo transfer (SET) during this period. The outcomes of the ART and the pregnancy rates per patient were evaluated for both groups and comparisons were made.Results:  The mean age was 35.7 ± 0.2 years (mean ± standard error of the mean) for all patients (n = 583) who received a fresh embryo cycle of DET. In contrast, the mean age (34.3 ± 0.4) of all patients (n = 102) who received a fresh‐ or thawed‐embryo transfer cycle of SET was significantly younger than the average age in the DET group (P < 0.05). The per‐patient overall pregnancy rate in the SET group was an estimated 35.3%, which was significantly higher than that in the DET group (P = 0.02). However, the multifetal pregnancy rate for the DET group was significantly higher than that for the SET group (P < 0.01).Conclusion:  We demonstrated that women who choose to have one fresh embryo transferred and one frozen‐and‐thawed embryo when needed, can dramatically reduce their possibility of a multifetal pregnancy while giving themselves a better chance of achieving pregnancy.
Improving WTO Dispute Settlement Rules: Lessons from the Korea–China Garlic Dispute
Authors: Sohn Kiyoun , Ahn Se‐Young 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe analyze the garlic dispute between Korea and China with the aim of exploring the improved WTO dispute settlement rules that could apply to disputes where WTO accession applying developing countries are involved in. After examining the background of the dispute, we analyze it from both the negotiation and WTO rules aspect. Then, we suggest policy recommendations, taking into account existing rules' limitations in dealing with disputes between a WTO Member and an accession applicant developing country. The recommendations are the introduction of the transitory dispute settlement rules covering disputes with accession applicants and the application of certain negotiation principles such as the standstill principle.
Exchange Rate Volatility and the Timing of Foreign Direct Investment: Market‐Seeking versus Export‐Substituting
Authors: Lin Chia‐Ching , Chen Kun‐Ming , Rau Hsiu‐Hua 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of exchange rate uncertainty on the timing of foreign direct investment (FDI) with heterogeneous investing motives. We first extend Dixit–Pindyck's real options model to show that while an increase in exchange rate volatility tends to delay FDI of a market‐seeking firm, it might accelerate FDI of an export‐substituting firm if the firm's degree of risk aversion is high enough. The rationale behind this finding is that a market‐seeking FDI might increase the exposure of the firm's profits to exchange rate risk, while an export‐substituting FDI might reduce it. Empirical evidence from a survival analysis based on firm‐level data on the entry by Taiwanese firms into China over the period between 1987 and 2002 is consistent with the theory. These results reveal that the relationship between exchange rate uncertainty and FDI is crucially dependent on the motives of the investing firms.
Whither Chinese Growth? A Sectoral Growth Accounting Approach
Authors: Dekle Robert , Vandenbroucke Guillaume 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe perform a growth‐accounting exercise for Chinese economic growth from 1978 to 2003, by decomposing Chinese growth in GDP per labor into the contributions arising from the agricultural, public, and private sectors; and the contribution arising from the reallocations of labor among these three sectors. The greatest contributor to overall labor productivity growth (contributing 30% of the overall) is the growth in total factor productivity in the private nonagricultural sector. The next largest contributor (26% of the overall) is the reallocation of labor from the agricultural sector to the nonagricultural sector.
Export Relationships among China, Japan, and South Korea
Authors: Li Muqun , Liu Wei , Song Shunfeng 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper examines trades and trade relationships among China, Japan, and South Korea. It shows that China possesses a large comparative advantage in labor‐intensive products, while Japan and Korea maintain large comparative advantages in capital‐intensive products. Using quarterly data from 1981 to 2001, the paper evaluates the effect of yen depreciation on the exports of China and South Korea. Our empirical results prove a positive impact of depreciation of yen on China's exports but a negative impact on Korea's exports. This finding suggests that Japan is competing with South Korea in terms of exports, but not with China.
Trade Intensity, Net Export, and Economic Growth
Authors: Mo Pak Hung 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMany studies suggest the positive causal effects of trade on productivity and growth. However, controversies are still prevalent among vast empirical studies on the issue. In this paper, I propose a standard empirical framework for investigating GDP growth and apply the framework to estimate the growth effects and transmission channels of per capita trade. Based on prior information, theoretical reasoning, and various empirical evidences, I conclude that international trade has positive independent effects on economic performance. A 1% increase in per capita trade raises the equilibrium GDP growth by 0.29%.
FDI and Industrial Productivity in China: Evidence from Panel Data in 2001–06
Authors: Zhao Zhongxiu , Zhang Kevin Honglin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHow does foreign direct investment (FDI) affect China's industrial productivity? While the topic is important, the relevant empirical studies in the literature have been limited. This paper attempts to close the gap by investigating the issue with panel data in the period 2001–06. Empirical models for both productivity level and growth are developed, in which two channels are identified through which FDI may affect industrial productivity directly and indirectly. The estimates suggest that FDI has positive direct and spillovers effect on China's industrial productivity level and growth, and the contribution of FDI to productivity is enhanced by its interaction with China's human capital. While labor‐intensive industries benefit more from FDI direct effects, capital‐intensive industries gain more from FDI spillover effects.
Increased headache prevalence in female adolescents and adult women with early menarche. The Head‐HUNT Studies
Authors: Aegidius K. L. , Zwart J.‐A. , Hagen K. , Dyb G. , Holmen T. L. , Stovner L. J. 
Published: July 2010

Background:  Age at menarche is associated with cardiovascular events and lifestyle factors such as body mass index (BMI), certain women’s diseases like breast cancer and endometriosis and with occurrence of certain physical symptoms during puberty. It is unclear whether age at menarche is an independent determinant of headache.Objectives:  The aim of the study was to explore age of menarche in relation to headache prevalence in a large population‐based study of both adolescents and adult women (HUNT).Methods:  In the Nord‐Trøndelag Health Study in Norway 1995–97 (HUNT 2), a total of 26 636 (57%) of 46 506 invited women responded to questions regarding menarche and headache (Head‐HUNT). In the youth part of HUNT 2, 3196 female students were interviewed about their headache complaints and 2766 (87%) responded to questions regarding menarche. All the final analyses were adjusted for age, use of oral contraceptives and BMI, and for adults also for educational level.Results:  Headache was more prevalent amongst females with menarche ≤ 12 years, both amongst adolescents (OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.1–1.5) and adults (OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 1.1–1.2), evident for migraine and non‐migrainous headache.Conclusion:  Headache, both migraine and non‐migrainous headache, was more prevalent amongst both adolescents and adult females with early menarche. Early menarche may increase headache susceptibility, or be a consequence of a common pathogenetic factor, e.g., sensitivity to estrogens.
‘Too scared to go sick’—reformulating the research agenda on sickness absence
Authors: Taylor Phil , Cunningham Ian , Newsome Kirsty , Scholarios Dora 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThis article argues that our understanding of absence and absenteeism, deriving from seminal studies in the sociology of work and employment, has been overtaken by hugely significant developments in political economy, regulation and employment relations. A new research agenda that addresses the changed organisational politics of absence management and the consequences for employees is urgently required.
Critical incidents of partnership: five years' experience at NatBank
Authors: Johnstone Stewart , Wilkinson Adrian , Ackers Peter 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTDespite a rich partnership literature in the UK, relatively little is known about the processes of decision making under partnership regimes. This study examines the first five years of a high‐profile agreement in a British retail bank. Inspired by critical incident technique, this article explores the way key issues such as globalisation, offshoring, and work organisation were handled and decisions were made. It is argued that one cannot fully understand the outcomes without exploring both the context and process in detail. Benefits for management, unions and employees are also explored, and some of the main challenges to partnership are considered. The article suggests that partnership requires a clear understanding of the purpose and the rules of engagement, and highlights a possible gulf between academic and actor expectations. It also highlights the importance of exploring the partnership processes and reveals evidence of the dialogue exerting a moderating effect over decision making, with management, union, and employee actors all in favour of the collaborative partnership approach.
Behavioural Problems in Children with Infantile Hydrocephalus
Authors: Fernell Elisabeth , Gillberg Christopher , von Wendt Lennart 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe occurrence of behavioural problems in a population‐based series of children with infantile hydrocephalus (non‐spina bifida) was analysed, using parent questionnaires. Children with both infantile hydrocephalus and mental retardation had significantly more behavioural problems compared with those with no mental retardation and controls. Inattentiveness and hyperactivity were particularly typical. No differences were found between children with infantile hydrocephalus and no mental retardation and the control group.RÉSUMÉDifficultés comportementales chez les enfants hydrocéphalesL'apparition de problèmes comportementaux dans des séries représentatives d'enfants hydrocéphales (spina‐bifida exclus) a étéétudiée à partir de questionnaires parentaux. Les enfants associant hydrocéphalie infantile et retard mental avaient significativement plus de problèmes comportementaux que les hydrocéphalus sans retard mental et les contr&#x006f;&#x030c;les. L'inattention et l'hyperactivitéétaient particulièrement typiques. Aucune différence n'a été notée entre les enfants hydrocéphales sans retard mental et les contr&#x006f;&#x030c;les.Verhalrensprobleme bei Kindern mir infantilem HydrocephalusAnhand eines Elternfragebogens wurde die Häufigkeit von Verhaltensproblemen bei Kindern mit infantilem Hydrocephalus (ausgenornmen Spina bifida) untersucht. Kinder mit infantilem Hydrocephalus and geistiger Retardierung hatten signifikant mehr Verhaltensprobleme als die ohne geistige Retardierung und als Kontrollen. Unaufmerksamkeit and Hyperaktivität waren besonders typisch. Zwischen den Kindern mit infantilem Hydrocephalus ohne geistige Retardierung und der Kontrollgruppe fanden sich keine Unterschiede.Problemus de comportumiento en series de poblucion de niños con hidrocefalia del luctunteSe analizó, utilizando cuestionarios para los padres, la aparición de problemas del comportamiento en series de población de base de niños con hidrocefalia del lactante (sin espina bifida). Los niños con hidrocefalia del lactante y retraso mental tenían significativamente un mayor número de problemas del comportamiento en comparación con los que no tenían retraso mental y con los controles. Particularmente típicas eran la inatención y la hiperactividad. No se hallaron diferencias entre los niños con hidrocefalia del lactantes sin retraso mental y el grupo control.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDEPENDENT WALKING IN CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY
Authors: Leonard Charles T. , Hirschfeld Helga , Forssberg Hans 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYElectromyographic and kinematic data were collected during treadmill locomotion by normal infants and infants with cerebral palsy. Locomotor patterns of the infants with cerebral palsy were similar to those of normal infants during the stage of supported locomotion, but as they matured, some of the characteristics of the infant stepping pattern, such as synchronous muscle activity with excessive muscular co‐contraction and short‐latency reflexes at foot contact, were retained. The normal plantigrade features of adult gait did not develop in these children.RÉSUMÉ Le développement de la marche indépendante chez les enfants I. M. C. Des données electromyographiques et d'études cinématiques ont été relevées durant une marche en plan incliné chez des enfants normaux et I. M. C. L'allure de la locomotion des enfants I. M. C. était semblable à celle des enfants normaux durant le temps portant du déplacement. Avec la croissance, chez les enfants I. M. C., quelques caractéristiques de steppage telle qu'une activité synchrone musculaire avec co‐contractions musculaires excessives étaient observées. L'allure plantigrade normale de la démarche d'un adulte n'apparaissait pas chez ces enfants.ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Entwicklung zum freien Laufen bei Kindern mit Cerebralparese Bei gesunden und cerebralparetischen Kindern wurden bei einer Tretmühlenbewegung elektromyographische und kinematische Daten gewonnen. Im Stadium der unterstützten Bewegung waren die Bewegungsmuster der cerebralparetischen und der gesunden Kinder ähnlich. Im späteren Entwicklungsverlauf blieben bei den Kindern mit Cerebralparese einige Charakteristika des kindlichen Laufschemas, wie synchrone Muskelaktivität mit exzessiver muskulärer Kokontraktion erhalten. Der normale Sohlengang des Erwachsenen entwickelte sich bei diesen Kindern nicht.RESUMEN Desarrollo de la marcha independiente en niños con parálisis cerebral Se recogieron datos electromiográficos y cinemáticos durante la locomoción en una cinta sin fin en lactantes normales y con parálisis cerebral. Los patrones locomotores de los niños con parálisis cerebral eran similares a los de los niños normales durante el estadio de locomoción sostenida. A medida que el niño con parálisis cerebral maduraba, algunas de las caracteristicas del patrón de andadura, tales como la actividad muscular sincrónica con una co‐contracción muscular excesiva, persistieron. En estos niños no se desarrolló el tipo normal plantígrado tipico del adulto.