bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterozygosity‐fitness correlations of conserved microsatellite markers in Kentish ploversCharadrius alexandrinus
Authors: KÜPPER CLEMENS , KOSZTOLÁNYI ANDRÁS , AUGUSTIN JAKOB , DAWSON DEBORAH A. , BURKE TERRY , SZÉKELY TAMÁS 
Published: November 2010

AbstractHeterozygosity‐fitness correlations (HFCs) are frequently used to examine the relationship between genetic diversity and fitness. Most studies have reported positive HFCs, although there is a strong bias towards investigating HFCs in genetically impoverished populations. We investigated HFCs in a large genetically diverse breeding population of Kentish ploversCharadrius alexandrinusin southern Turkey. This small shorebird exhibits highly variable mating and care systems, and it is becoming an ecological model species to understand breeding system evolution. Using 11 conserved and six anonymous microsatellite markers, we tested whether and how heterozygosity was associated with chick survival, tarsus and body mass growth controlling for nongenetic effects (chick sex, hatching date, length of biparental care and site quality) that influence survival and growth. There was no genome‐wide effect of heterozygosity on fitness, and we did not find any significant effects of heterozygosity on growth rates. However, two of the 11 conserved markers displayed an association with offspring survival: one marker showed a positive HFC, whereas the other marker showed a negative HFC. Heterozygosity at three further conserved loci showed significant interaction with nongenetic variables. In contrast, heterozygosity based on anonymous microsatellite loci was not associated with fitness or growth. Markers that were correlated with chick survival were not more likely to be located in exons or introns than other markers that lacked this association.
Exposure of sterile Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) males to ginger root oil reduces female remating
Authors: Morelli R. , Paranhos B. J. , Coelho A. M. , Castro R. , Garziera L. , Lopes F. , Bento J. M. S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractFemales of Ceratitis capitata are facultative polyandrous, with remating more common in laboratory strains rather than wild ones. In the application of the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) against this pest, large overflooding ratios of sterile : wild males can increase the remating frequency. Females that mate for the first time with a sterile male tend to remate more frequently. The exposure of sterile males to ginger root oil (GRO) is used in C. capitata SIT programmes to increase the sterile male mating success. Exposing males to an ‘aromatherapy’ with GRO may also increase the remating frequency among wild females. The frequency of wild females remating, number of matings per female, the refractory period between the first and second mating, and the duration of the first and second matings of wild females were determined under laboratory conditions for three mating scenarios that included wild males only or wild males competing with sterile males (either GRO‐treated or non‐treated). Wild females first mated with sterile males exposed to GRO had their remating rate over the following 6 days and the mean number of matings per female reduced in comparison to those first mated with non‐exposed sterile males, from 62.5% to 32.2% and from 3.1 to 1.6 respectively. The remating parameters of females mated with sterile GRO‐exposed males resembled those of females mated with wild males.
Suitability of cereal stemborers in Cameroon to Kenyan populations of the braconid larval parasitoid Cotesia sesamiae
Authors: Ndemah R. , Schulthess F. , Abang A. , Ghogomu R. T. , Ntonifor N. , Dupas S. , LeRü B. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe noctuid Busseola fusca is the most destructive pest of maize in Cameroon. Various habitat management technologies have been developed and tested but none of them provides a self‐sustainable solution. The braconid Cotesia sesamiae, the most common larval endoparasitoid of the B. fusca in eastern Africa, is rare in West Africa and Cameroon. In Cameroon, it is mostly found on non‐crop borer species feeding on wild grasses. Thus, two Kenyan C. sesamiae populations and their hybrid were introduced into Cameroon. Suitability studies were carried out with two B. fusca populations, the noctuid Poeonoma serrata, which is commonly found feeding on Napier grass but not maize, and the noctuid Sesamiae cretica, which was recently accidentally introduced into Mauritania, where it attacks sorghum. The performance of the C. sesamiae was influenced by both host species/population and parasitoid population, although the B. fusca population had a minor effect. The reproductive potential of the hybrid was superior over that of its parent populations. The least suitable host was P. serrata, thus it was concluded that it would probably not play a major role in perennating C. sesamiae during the dry season. With S. cretica as host, parasitism was similar but brood size was lower than with either B. fusca population. Release strategies of C. sesamiae and its chances of establishment on B. fusca and S. cretica in the hot–humid forest zone and the cool highland of Cameroon and in Mauritania are discussed.
Translational advances in pleural malignancies
Authors: STATHOPOULOS Georgios T. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTPleural malignancies, including primary malignant pleural mesothelioma and secondary pleural metastasis of various tumours resulting in malignant pleural effusion, are frequent and lethal diseases that deserve devoted translational research efforts for improvements to be introduced to the clinic. This paper highlights select clinical advances that have been accomplished recently and that are based on preclinical research on pleural malignancies. Examples are the establishment of folate antimetabolites in mesothelioma treatment, the use of PET in mesothelioma management and the discovery of mesothelin as a marker of mesothelioma. In addition to established translational advances, this text focuses on recent research findings that are anticipated to impact clinical pleural oncology in the near future. Such progress has been substantial, including the development of a genetic mouse model of mesothelioma and of transplantable models of pleural malignancies in immunocompetent hosts, the deployment of stereological and imaging methods for integral assessment of pleural tumour burden, as well as the discovery of the therapeutic potential of aminobiphosphonates, histone deacetylase inhibitors and ribonucleases against malignant pleural disease. Finally, key obstacles to overcome towards a more rapid advancement of translational research in pleural malignancies are outlined. These include the dissection of cell‐autonomous and paracrine pathways of pleural tumour progression, the study of mesothelioma and malignant pleural effusion separately from other tumours at both the clinical and preclinical levels, and the expansion of tissue banks and consortia of clinical research of pleural malignancies.
Expression of resistin in the prostate and its stimulatory effect on prostate cancer cell proliferation
Authors: Kim Hae Jong , Lee Yong Seong , Won Eun Ha , Chang In Ho , Kim Tae Hyoung , Park Eon Sub , Kim Mi Kyung , Kim Wonyong , Myung Soon Chul 
Published: November 2010

What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? We found that resistin, a member of adipokine family, is expressed in human prostate cancers and induces prostate cancer cell proliferation through PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.We are studying the effect of resistin on other urogenital tract diseases besides prostate cancer, and the relationship between other adipokines and the urogenital tract diseases.OBJECTIVES• To determine whether resistin, a novel adipokine, induces prostate cancer cell proliferation.• To identify the mechanisms underlying the activation of prostate cancer cells by resistin.MATERIALS AND METHODS• Semi‐quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining were performed to investigate the intensity of prostate epithelial resistin expression.• Human full‐length resistin gene (RETN) was transfected into the PC‐3 cells using the pEGFP‐N1 vector to assess the effect of overexpression of resistin in prostate cancer cell line PC‐3.• Various concentrations of human recombinant protein resistin were added to the hormone‐insensitive prostate cancer cell lines PC‐3 and DU‐145 for 48 h, and cell proliferation was assessed by a water‐soluble tetrazolium salt assay.RESULTS• Human prostate cancer cell lines PC‐3 and DU‐145 were found to express the human resistin mRNA.• Resistin protein was strongly detected in high‐grade prostate cancer tissue, whereas BPH or low‐grade prostate cancer tissue revealed fainter expression of resistin.• Cell proliferation was stimulated by both the full‐length resistin gene overexpression and resistin treatment.• Akt phosphorylation occurred after addition of resistin to PC‐3 and DU‐145 cells. LY294002, a pharmacological inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K), significantly inhibited PC‐3 and DU‐145 cell proliferation after resistin treatment.CONCLUSIONS• Resistin is expressed in human prostate cancers.• Resistin induces prostate cancer cell proliferation through PI3K/Akt signalling pathways.• The proliferative effect of resistin on prostate cancer cells may account in part for prostate cancer progression.
The dynamics of cognitive control: Evidence for within‐trial conflict adaptation from frequency‐tagged EEG
Authors: Scherbaum Stefan , Fischer Rico , Dshemuchadse Maja , Goschke Thomas 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA central topic in the cognitive sciences is how cognitive control is adapted flexibly to changing task demands. Conflict monitoring theory originally proposed conflict triggered adjustments of cognitive control after a conflict trial to improve subsequent performance. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that readjustments of cognitive control occur continuously within a conflict trial itself. Using frequency tagged electroencephalogram in a flanker task, we traced the allocation of attention to target and distracter stimuli. We found evidence for a conflict‐triggered within‐trial contrast enhancement dissociating target and distracters. This contrast enhancement vanished for consecutive trials with constant tagging frequencies, indicating that trial‐to‐trial conflict adaptation effects may, at least partly, be the product of interacting processes serving conflict resolution within trials.
The Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS): Results from a Nationally Representative Probability Sample of Women in the United States
Authors: Herbenick Debra , Schick Vanessa , Reece Michael , Sanders Stephanie , Dodge Brian , Fortenberry J. Dennis 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Over the past two decades, an expanding body of research has examined women’s and men’s genital self-image. Support for the reliability and validity of the 7-item Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS) has been found in a convenience sample of women.

Aims
The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the FGSIS, its model of fit, and its association with women’s scores on the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) in a nationally representative probability sample of women in the United States ages 18 to 60. A second purpose was to assess the temporal stability of the scale in a subset of this sample.

Methods
A nationally representative sample of 3,800 women ages 18 to 60 were invited to participate in a cross-sectional Internet-based survey; 2,056 (54.1%) participated.

Main Outcome Measures
Demographic items (e.g., age, race/ethnicity, marital status, sexual orientation, geographic region), having had a gynecological examination in the past year, having performed a genital self-examination in the past month, frequency of masturbation in the past month, vibrator use in the past month, the FGSIS, and the FSFI.

Results
An abbreviated 4-item version of the scale, the FGSIS-4, was a better fit to the data than the original 7-item scale. Women’s scores on the FGSIS-4 were significantly related to vibrator use, frequency of masturbation, having had a gynecological exam in the past year, having performed genital self examination in the past month, and all FSFI subscales.

Conclusion
Most of the participants felt generally positively about their genitals and female genital self-image was significantly related to female sexual function, women’s sexual behavior and their sexual and genital healthcare behaviors. In addition, the FGSIS-4 has evidence of reliability, validity, and temporal stability in a nationally representative probability sample of women in the United States.
A rhodanese‐like protein is highly overrepresented in the mutant S. clavuligerus oppA2::aph: effect on holomycin and other secondary metabolites production
Authors: Nárdiz Nuria , Santamarta Irene , Lorenzana Luis M. , Martín Juan F. , Liras Paloma 
Published: November 2010

SummaryA protein highly overrepresented in the proteome of Streptomyces clavuligerus oppA2::aph was characterized by MS/MS as a rhodanese‐like enzyme. The rhlA gene, encoding this protein, was deleted from strains S. clavuligerus ATCC 27064 and S. clavuligerus oppA2::aph to characterized the RhlA enzyme activity, growth on different sulfur sources and antibiotic production by the mutants. Whereas total thiosulfate sulfurtransferase activity in cell extracts was not affected by the rhlA deletion, growth, cephamycin C and clavulanic acid production were impaired in the rhlA mutants. Holomycin production was drastically reduced (66–90%) in the rhlA mutants even when using S. clavuligerusΔrhlA pregrown cells, suggesting that this enzyme might be involved in the formation of the cysteine precursor for this sulfur‐containing antibiotic. While growth on thiosulfate as the sole sulfur source was particularly low the volumetric and specific antibiotic production of the three antibiotics increased in all the strains in the presence of thiosulfate. This stimulatory effect of thiosulfate on antibiotic production was confirmed by addition of thiosulfate to pre‐grown cells and appears to be a general effect of thiosulfate on oxidative stress as was also evident in the production of staurosporin by S. clavuligerus.
Self-Reported Comorbidity Affects Health-Related Quality of Life and Perception of Shoulder Function in Patients with Rotator Cuff Disease
Authors: Wolf Brian R. , Britton Carla L. , Gao Yubo , Johnston Richard C. 
Published: November 2010

Background The present study aimed to describe the comorbidity burden of a rotator cuff disease cohort and to examine the effects of patient comorbidities on general health and shoulder-specific outcome measures. Methods A retrospective cohort of patients with rotator cuff disease was identified using the coding of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification. Demographic variables and numbers of systemic and musculoskeletal comorbid conditions were collected. General health and shoulder-specific tools were used to assess disability. Analyses using regression, correlation and analysis of variance were performed to assess the impact of comorbidity upon outcome measures. Results Three hundred and seventy-three patients with rotator cuff disease were identified. Two-thirds of the group reported at least one systemic comorbidity. Non-shoulder musculoskeletal comorbidities were reported by 80% of the cohort. Women reported a significantly greater number of comorbid conditions than men ( p < 0.02). Baseline health-related quality of life and self-reported shoulder function were impacted significantly by comorbidity when controlling for patient demographic characteristics. Discussion Comorbidities are common in this population and significantly affect health-related quality of life and self-reported shoulder pain and disability in patients presenting with rotator cuff-related symptoms. Comorbidities should be considered when shoulder disability measures are utilized in clinical practice and when studying outcomes.
Fractographic Analysis of Fatigue Failures
Authors: McIntyre D. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Although fractography is usually applied to basic research, it can also be used in studies of machine components which have failed in service or in testing. This paper discusses fractographic methods which can be used to obtain information about the stress state, environmental factors, initiating cause, and crack growth characteristics of fatigue failures. The macroscopic and microscopic fracture surface features of fatigue failures are illustrated with photomacrographs and scanning electron microscope (SEM) fractographs, and the use of SEM fractography in crack growth studies is described.
Creep-Rupture Properties, Resistance to Temper Embrittlement and to
Attack by Hydrogen of a 1.4 Percent Mn — 0.25 Percent Mo — 0.03 Percent Cb
Steel
Authors: Wada T. , Sponseller D. L. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
A laboratory heat of an improved boiler steel containing 0.13 percent C, 1.36 percent Mn, 0.27 percent Mo, 0.03 percent Cb, and 0.010 percent N was prepared; creep-rupture properties, resistance to temper embrittlement and resistance to hydrogen attack were investigated. The rupture strength was much higher than that of carbon steel and columbium-treated carbon steel, but was somewhat lower than that of two European carbon-0.3 percent Mo boiler steels. Creep-rupture ductility was high. The experimental steel exhibited high toughness, especially in the normalized and stress-relieved condition. No temper embrittlement was induced by step-cooling normalized or normalized and stress-relieved material. Good resistance to hydrogen attack was revealed by tests in a hydrogen autoclave at a pressure of 1000 psi (6.9 N/mm2); the steel retained the original Charpy impact toughness after exposures up to 5000 hr at 900 deg F (480 deg C) and 500 hr at 1000 deg F (540 deg C). No blistering or fissuring were observed.
Optimum Step Design for Centering of Pistons Moving in an
Incompressible Fluid
Authors: Etsion Izhak , Hamrock B. J. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Hydrodynamic effects are analyzed for a stepped piston moving within a tight clearance tube filled with an incompressible fluid. Together with the hydrostatic effects that were analyzed in an earlier paper, a complete solution is obtained and an optimum step design for centering of the piston is suggested. The axial speed resulting from an axial driving force is calculated, and some experimental results for pistons falling in a water filled tube are presented.
An Experimental Study of Three-Dimensional Characteristics of
Propeller Wakes Under Stalling Conditions
Authors: Favier Daniel , Rebont Jean , Maresca Christian 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The three-dimensional flow field of a four-bladed propeller wake has been investigated by use of an anemometric hot film technique. The paper does not deal with the measuring procedure, which has been previously described by the authors, but describes the results obtained for the three-dimensional wake. To gain insight into the process by which local blade stalling influences the wake structure, four advance ratios (λ) have been investigated. The two lower values of λ correspond to a local blade stalling which first affects the blade tip and grows towards the hub with decreasing values of λ. The resultant velocity profiles of u, v, w in the azimuthal direction are investigated and compared at different advance ratios and at various radii. These experimental results reveal that a local flow separation has considerable influence on the three velocity components. It is concluded that for an advance ratio with rotor stalling, the flow separation increases the rotational wake speed effect generated by an increasing tangential component u. The radial flow diminishes as shown by the v velocity profiles. A sharp thickening of the blade wake is also observed from the axial component w.
Wear Behavior of Polybenzimidazole Bonded Solid-Film
Lubricants
Authors: Hubbell R. D. , McConnell B. D. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
A new thermally stable organic resin is described. Results are presented for the development of polybenzimidazole (PBI) resin-bonded solid-film lubricants. These solid-film lubricants are composed of molybdenum disulfide, antimony trioxide, and the PBI resins. Steps followed for mixing, applying, and curing these films are presented. The test equipment and procedures used to test the film formulations are described. Wear-life comparisons to conventional commercially available resin-bonded films qualified under MIL-L-8937 are presented.
The Hybrid Boost Bearing—A Method of Obtaining Long Life in Rolling
Contact Bearing Applications
Authors: Wilcock D. F. , Winn L. W. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
A new bearing concept is described which offers the almost unlimited life of the fluid film bearing combined with the free starting, stopping, and oil system failure characteristics of the rolling element bearing. This new bearing type is termed the Hybrid Boost Bearing. It is envisioned as having application in jet engines to extend bearing life, and in land turbine equipment as a means of providing high overload capacity.
ER-α36, a novel isoform of ER-α66, is commonly over-expressed in apocrine and adenoid cystic carcinomas of the breast
Authors: Vranic Semir , Gatalica Zoran , Deng Hao , Frkovic-Grazio Snjezana , Lee Lisa M J , Gurjeva Olga , Wang Zhao-Yi 
Published: November 2010

BackgroundER-α36 is a novel 36 kDa isoform of the full-length oestrogen receptor alpha (ER-α66). ER-α36 primarily localises to the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane, and responds to membrane-initiated oestrogen and antioestrogen signalling pathways.AimTo examine the expression of ER-α36 in apocrine and adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast, both of which are consistently ER-α66 negative and currently lack effective targeted therapeutic options.Methods19 pure apocrine carcinomas (17 invasive and two in-situ carcinomas) and 11 adenoid cystic carcinomas of the breast were evaluated for ER-α36 expression, along with expressions of ER-α66, progesterone receptor (PR) and androgen receptor (AR) using immunohistochemical methods.ResultsAll pure apocrine carcinomas showed a characteristic steroid receptor expression profile (ER-α66 and PR negative, AR strongly positive). ER-α36 expression was detected in 18/19 pure apocrine carcinomas (94.7%, 95% CI 75.1 to 98.7) in predominantly membranous and cytoplasmic distribution. When positive, pure apocrine carcinomas uniformly (100% of cells) expressed ER-α36. All adenoid cystic carcinomas were uniformly negative for all three classic steroid receptors, but ER-α36 was detected in 8/11 cases (72.7%, 95% CI 42.8 to 90) with the similar sub-cellular pattern of expression as in the pure apocrine carcinomas. When positive, adenoid cystic carcinomas expressed ER-α36 in the majority of cells (average 76%).ConclusionER-α36, a novel isoform of ER-α66, is frequently over-expressed in apocrine and adenoid cystic carcinomas of the breast. These results indicate a potential for a novel targeted treatment in these cancers.