bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glomerular disease search filters for Pubmed, Ovid Medline, and Embase: a development and validation study
Authors: Hildebrand Ainslie M , Iansavichus Arthur V , Lee Christopher WC , Haynes R Brian , Wilczynski Nancy L , McKibbon K Ann , Hladunewich Michelle A , Clark William F , Cattran Daniel C , Garg Amit X 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundTools to enhance physician searches of Medline and other bibliographic databases have potential to improve the application of new knowledge in patient care. This is particularly true for articles about glomerular disease, which are published across multiple disciplines and are often difficult to track down. Our objective was to develop and test search filters for PubMed, Ovid Medline, and Embase that allow physicians to search within a subset of the database to retrieve articles relevant to glomerular disease.MethodsWe used a diagnostic test assessment framework with development and validation phases. We read a total of 22,992 full text articles for relevance and assigned them to the development or validation set to define the reference standard. We then used combinations of search terms to develop 997,298 unique glomerular disease filters. Outcome measures for each filter included sensitivity, specificity, precision, and accuracy. We selected optimal sensitive and specific search filters for each database and applied them to the validation set to test performance.ResultsHigh performance filters achieved at least 93.8% sensitivity and specificity in the development set. Filters optimized for sensitivity reached at least 96.7% sensitivity and filters optimized for specificity reached at least 98.4% specificity. Performance of these filters was consistent in the validation set and similar among all three databases.ConclusionsPubMed, Ovid Medline, and Embase can be filtered for articles relevant to glomerular disease in a reliable manner. These filters can now be used to facilitate physician searching.
Can echocardiographic particle image velocimetry correctly detect motion patterns as they occur in blood inside heart chambers? A validation study using moving phantoms
Authors: Prinz Christian , Faludi Reka , Walker Andrew , Amzulescu Mihaela , Gao Hang , Uejima Tokuhisa , Fraser Alan G , Voigt Jens-Uwe 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Aims
To validate Echo Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV)

Methods
High fidelity string and rotating phantoms moving with different speed patterns were imaged with different high-end ultrasound systems at varying insonation angles and frame rates. Images were analyzed for velocity and direction and for complex motion patterns of blood flow with dedicated software. Post-processing was done with MATLAB-based tools (Dflow, JUV, University Leuven).

Results
Velocity estimation was accurate up to a velocity of 42 cm/s (r = 0.99, p < 0.001, mean difference 0.4 ± 2 cm/s). Maximally detectable velocity, however, was strongly dependent on frame rate and insonation angle and reached 42 cm/s under optimal conditions. At higher velocities estimates became random. Direction estimates did depend less on velocity and were accurate in 80-90%. In-plane motion patterns were correctly identified with three ultrasound systems.

Conclusion
Echo-PIV appears feasible. Velocity estimates are accurate, but the maximal detectable velocity depends strongly on acquisition parameters. Direction estimation works sufficiently, even at higher velocities. Echo-PIV appears to be a promising technical approach to investigate flow patterns by echocardiography.
Direct synthesis of vertically aligned ZnO nanowires on FTO substrates using a CVD method and the improvement of photovoltaic performance
Authors: Lu Liyou , Chen Jiajun , Li Lijuan , Wang Wenyong 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
In this work, we report a direct synthesis of vertically aligned ZnO nanowires on fluorine-doped tin oxide-coated substrates using the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. ZnO nanowires with a length of more than 30 μm were synthesized, and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on the as-grown nanowires were fabricated, which showed improvement of the device performance compared to those fabricated using transferred ZnO nanowires. Dependence of the cell performance on nanowire length and annealing temperature was also examined. This synthesis method provided a straightforward, one-step CVD process to grow relatively long ZnO nanowires and avoided subsequent nanowire transfer process, which simplified DSSC fabrication and improved cell performance.
Suspended hybrid films assembled from thiol-capped gold nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Yu Xin , Huang Ming , Hao Xiao Dong , Dong Meng , Li Xin Lu , Huang Jia Mu 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
In this work, we explored the formation processes of suspended hybrid thin films of thiol-capped Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) inside metal oxide tubular structures. We found that a balance between in-film interactions of the AuNPs and boundary interactions with metal oxides is a key in making these special organic–inorganic thin films. The hybrid films process many processing advantages and flexibilities, such as controllable film thickness, interfacial shape and inter-AuNPs distance, tuning of particle sizes, thiol population, chain lengths, and other new properties by introducing functional groups to thiol chains. Among their many unique features, the assembly-disassembly property may be useful for future on-off or store-release applications.
An information transmission model for transcription factor binding at regulatory DNA sites
Authors: Tan Mingfeng , Yu Dong , Jin Yuan , Dou Lei , LI Beiping , Wang Yuelan , Yue Junjie , Liang Long 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Background
Computational identification of transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) is a rapid, cost-efficient way to locate unknown regulatory elements. With increased potential for high-throughput genome sequencing, the availability of accurate computational methods for TFBS prediction has never been as important as it currently is. To date, identifying TFBSs with high sensitivity and specificity is still an open challenge, necessitating the development of novel models for predicting transcription factor-binding regulatory DNA elements.

Results
Based on the information theory, we propose a model for transcription factor binding of regulatory DNA sites. Our model incorporates position interdependencies in effective ways. The model computes the information transferred (TI) between the transcription factor and the TFBS during the binding process and uses TI as the criterion to determine whether the sequence motif is a possible TFBS. Based on this model, we developed a computational method to identify TFBSs. By theoretically proving and testing our model using both real and artificial data, we found that our model provides highly accurate predictive results.

Conclusions
In this study, we present a novel model for transcription factor binding regulatory DNA sites. The model can provide an increased ability to detect TFBSs.
A long diagnostic delay in patients with Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia: a questionnaire-based retrospective study
Authors: Pierucci Paola , Lenato Gennaro M , Suppressa Patrizia , Lastella Patrizia , Triggiani Vincenzo , Valerio Raffaella , Comelli Mario , Salvante Daniela , Stella Alessandro , Resta Nicoletta , Logroscino Giancarlo , Resta Francesco , Sabbà Carlo 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Background
The difficulty in establishing a timely correct diagnosis is a relevant matter of concern for several rare diseases. Many rare-disease-affected patients suffer from considerable diagnostic delay, mainly due to their poor knowledge among healthcare professionals, insufficient disease awareness among patients’ families, and lack of promptly available diagnostic tools. Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal-dominantly inherited vascular dysplasia, affecting 1:5,000-10,000 patients. HHT is characterized by high variability of clinical manifestations, which show remarkable overlapping with several common diseases.

Aim
To perform a detailed analysis concerning the diagnostic time lag occurring in patients with HHT, defined as the time period spanning from the first clinical manifestation to the attainment of a definite, correct diagnosis.

Methods
A questionnaire was administered to the HHT patients previously recruited from 2000 and 2009. Clinical onset, first referral to a physician for disease manifestations, and first correct diagnosis of definite HHT were collected. Eventual misdiagnosis at first referral and serious complications occurring throughout the time elapsing between disease onset and definite diagnosis were also addressed.

Results
In the 233 respondents, the clinical onset of disease occurred at an age of 14.1 yrs, while the age of first referral and the age of first definite diagnosis of HHT were 29.2 yrs and 40.1 yrs, respectively. Only 88/233 patients received a correct diagnosis at first counseling. Thus, the diagnostic time lag, represented by the time elapsing from disease onset and first definite diagnosis of HHT, proved to be 25.7 yrs. Twenty-two patients suffered from severe complications during this time interval. The diagnostic delay was significantly longer (p < 0.001) in index patients (first patients who attained definite HHT diagnosis in a given family) than in non-index patients (relative of index patients). The diagnostic time lag was also significantly associated with education grade (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Our data report for the first time a systematic inquiry of diagnostic delay in HHT showing that patients receive a definite diagnosis only after nearly three decades from disease onset. Concerted efforts are still to be made to increase awareness of this disease among both families and physicians.
Potential utility of eGFP-expressing NOG mice (NOG-EGFP) as a high purity cancer sampling system
Authors: Shima Kentaro , Mizuma Masamichi , Hayashi Hiroki , Nakagawa Kei , Okada Takaho , Sakata Naoaki , Omura Noriyuki , Kitamura Yo , Motoi Fuyuhiko , Rikiyama Toshiki , Katayose Yu , Egawa Shinichi , Ishii Naoto , Horii Akira , Unno Michiaki 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Purpose
It is still technically difficult to collect high purity cancer cells from tumor tissues, which contain noncancerous cells. We hypothesized that xenograft models of NOG mice expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP), referred to as NOG-EGFP mice, may be useful for obtaining such high purity cancer cells for detailed molecular and cellular analyses.

Methods
Pancreato-biliary cancer cell lines were implanted subcutaneously to compare the tumorigenicity between NOG-EGFP mice and nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice. To obtain high purity cancer cells, the subcutaneous tumors were harvested from the mice and enzymatically dissociated into single-cell suspensions. Then, the cells were sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) for separation of the host cells and the cancer cells. Thereafter, the contamination rate of host cells in collected cancer cells was quantified by using FACS analysis. The viability of cancer cells after FACS sorting was evaluated by cell culture and subsequent subcutaneous reimplantation in NOG-EGFP mice.

Results
The tumorigenicity of NOG-EGFP mice was significantly better than that of NOD/SCID mice in all of the analyzed cell lines (p < 0.01). Sorting procedures enabled an almost pure collection of cancer cells with only slight contamination by host cells. Reimplantation of the sorted cancer cells formed tumors again, which demonstrated that cell viability after sorting was well maintained.

Conclusions
This method provides a novel cancer sampling system for molecular and cellular analysis with high accuracy and should contribute to the development of personalized medicine.
Temperature dependence of current-voltage characteristics in μc-Si:H and pm-Si:H PIN structures
Authors: Avila Francisco Temoltzi , Kosarev Andrey , Cosme Ismael , Moreno Mario , Cabarrocas P. Roca y 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThe dark current-voltage characteristics of PIN structures are studied and analyzed for PV samples as for integral device without taking account the performance of the different elements typically used in equivalent circuit model such as diode n-factor, shunt and series resistances. The contribution of all these elements is very important in the development of devices because they determine the performance characteristics. In this work we have studied and compared the temperature dependence of current-voltage characteristics in μc-Si:H and pm-Si:H p-i-n structures having approximately the same efficiencies with emphasis on their different electronic characteristics such as shunt (Rsh) and series (Rs) resistance, ideality factor (n), and the saturation current (Is), which give us some ideas on role of these elements. In the pm-Si:H cell it was observed that the Rs increases with the increase of the temperature in contrast to the μc-Si:H structures, where the series resistance reduces with temperature change from T = 300 up to 480K. In both the pm-Si:H and μc-Si:H samples Rshreduces with temperature change from 300 up to 480 K. The ideality factor in the pm-Si:H structure shows an increase, and in μc-Si:H a reduction, when temperature increases. Saturation current in both cases increases with temperature as it was expected. From the saturation current it was obtained the build-in potential. Analysis behavior of both saturation current and n-factor with temperature shows that build-in potential increases with temperature in the pm-Si:H, but reduces in μc-Si:H structure.
Model-based Quantitative Assessment of Crystallinity and Parasitic Absorption in Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: Lanz Thomas , Battaglia Corsin , Ballif Christophe , Ruhstaller Beat 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTWe investigate the influence of the crystallinity of the absorber layer and parasitic absorption in the doped layers and electrodes on the external quantum efficiency and reflection of microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si:H) solar cells. Using an optical light scattering model we systematically study variations in the crystallinity and validate a simple normalization procedure that allows assessing the gains that can be achieved by reducing the parasitic absorption. The optimization potential is demonstrated with solar cell samples with increased crystallinity and eliminated parasitic absorption.
Effect of Si2H6 as a gas phase additive to increase growth rate of a-Si:H films and solar cells
Authors: Zhu Lala , Das Ujjwal K , Das Chandan , Hegedus Steven S 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTWe have studied the growth rate enhancement of a-Si:H films using Si2H6 as a gas phase additive to SiH4+ H2 gas mixtures using relatively low pressure and standard 13.56 MHz RF power. With the addition of 1.7% Si2H6 in the gas mixtures (10% more Si atoms into the chamber), the a-Si:H film growth rate increased by ∼30% at 1.25 Torr and ∼60% at 2.5 Torr. The optical emission spectroscopy (OES) exhibits reduction of SiH* intensity with addition of Si2H6, which indicates the reduction of high energy electron impacts with Si containing molecules. The microstructural defect parameter (fraction of dihydride bonding in the film) appears to decrease with increase of RF power (i.e. increase of growth rate). Similar a-Si:H p-i-n cell efficiency 7-8% is achieved with and without enhanced i layer growth rate with the Si2H6additive.
Nonvolatile Power-Gating FPGA Based on Pseudo-Spin-Transistor Architecture with Spin-Transfer-Torque MTJs
Authors: Yamamoto Shuu’ichirou , Shuto Yusuke , Sugahara Satoshi 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTWe proposed and computationally analyzed a nonvolatile power-gating field programmable gate array (NVPG-FPGA) based on pseudo-spin-transistor architecture with spin-transfer-torque magnetic tunnel junctions (STT-MTJs). The circuit employs nonvolatile static random memory (NV-SRAM) cells and nonvolatile flip-flops (NV-FFs) as the storage circuits. The circuit configuration and microarchitecture are compatible with SRAM-based FPGAs, and the additional nonvolatile memory functionality makes it possible to execute efficient power-gating (PG). Break-even time (BET) for the nonvolatile configuration logic block (NV-CLB) of the NVPG-FPGA was also analyzed, and reduction techniques of the BET were proposed, which allows highly efficient PG operations with a fine granularity.
Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase Deficiency
Authors: Bollée Guillaume , Harambat Jérôme , Bensman Albert , Knebelmann Bertrand , Daudon Michel , Ceballos-Picot Irène 
Published: June 2012

Summary
Complete adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) deficiency is a rare inherited metabolic disorder that leads to the formation and hyperexcretion of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (DHA) into urine. The low solubility of DHA results in precipitation of this compound and the formation of urinary crystals and stones. The disease can present as recurrent urolithiasis or nephropathy secondary to crystal precipitation into renal parenchyma (DHA nephropathy). The diagnostic tools available—including stone analysis, crystalluria, and APRT activity measurement—make the diagnosis easy to confirm when APRT deficiency is suspected. However, the disease can present at any age, and the variability of symptoms can present a diagnostic challenge to many physicians. The early recognition and treatment of APRT deficiency are of crucial importance for preventing irreversible loss of renal function, which still occurs in a non-negligible proportion of cases. This review summarizes the genetic and metabolic mechanisms underlying stone formation and renal disease, along with the diagnosis and management of APRT deficiency.
Does the Exposure of Urine Samples to Air Affect Diagnostic Tests for Urine Acidification?
Authors: Yi Joo-Hark , Shin Hyun-Jong , Kim Sun-Moon , Han Sang-Woong , Kim Ho-Jung , Oh Man-Seok 
Published: June 2012

Summary

Background and objectives
For accurate measurement of pH, urine collection under oil to limit the escape of CO2 on air exposure is recommended. This study aims to test the hypothesis that urine collection under oil is not necessary in acidic urine in which bicarbonate and CO2 are minor buffers, because loss of CO2 would have little effect on its pH.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
One hundred consecutive random urine samples were collected under oil and analyzed for pH, pCO2, and HCO3
− immediately and after 5 minutes of vigorous shaking in uncovered flasks to allow CO2 escape.

Results
The pH values in 97 unshaken samples ranged from 5.03 to 6.83. With shaking, urine pCO2 decreased by 76%, whereas urine HCO3
− decreased by 60%. Meanwhile, urine baseline median pH (interquartile range) of 5.84 (5.44–6.25) increased to 5.93 (5.50–6.54) after shaking (ΔpH=0.12 [0.07–0.29], P<0.001). ΔpH with pH≤6.0 was significantly lower than the ΔpH with pH>6.0 (0.08 [0.05–0.12] versus 0.36 [0.23–0.51], P<0.001). Overall, the lower the baseline pH, the smaller the ΔpH.

Conclusions
The calculation of buffer reactions in a hypothetical acidic urine predicted a negligible effect on urine pH on loss of CO2 by air exposure, which was empirically proven by the experimental study. Therefore, exposure of urine to air does not substantially alter the results of diagnostic tests for urine acidification, and urine collection under oil is not necessary.
Pharmacokinetics of Intraperitoneal Gentamicin in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients with Peritonitis (GIPD Study)
Authors: Varghese Julie M. , Roberts Jason A. , Wallis Steven C. , Boots Robert J. , Healy Helen , Fassett Robert G. , Lipman Jeffrey , Ranganathan Dwarakanathan 
Published: June 2012

Summary

Background and objectives
Peritonitis is a major infectious complication in peritoneal dialysis patients, and intraperitoneal antibiotic administration is preferred to ensure maximal antibiotic concentrations at the site of infection. This study aimed to describe the plasma and infection site pharmacokinetics of intraperitoneal gentamicin in patients with peritonitis.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
This prospective pharmacokinetic study of intraperitoneal gentamicin was conducted in peritoneal dialysis patients presenting to hospital with clinically defined signs and symptoms of peritonitis. Twenty-four patients were administered a 0.6-mg/kg dose of intraperitoneal gentamicin, which was allowed to dwell for 6 hours. Serial blood and dialysate samples were collected for 24 hours after the first dose. Gentamicin concentrations in plasma and dialysate were measured using a validated assay.

Results
The median percentage of the dose absorbed into the systemic circulation was 76% (interquartile range=69%–82%) and significantly different between patients with low average, high average, and high peritoneal membrane transporter status (P=0.03). The calculated pharmacokinetic parameters were plasma terminal elimination half-life of 24.7 (20.4–29.9) hours, terminal volume of distribution of 0.30 (0.20–0.36) L/kg, observed peak plasma concentration of 3.1 (2.4–3.4) mg/L, and observed trough plasma concentration of 1.9 (1.4–2.2) mg/L. The peak gentamicin concentration in dialysate was at least eight times the minimum inhibitory concentration of the likely pathogens.

Conclusions
The high systemic absorption of gentamicin in patients with peritonitis and prolonged plasma elimination half-life may lead to drug accumulation in the systemic circulation, increasing the risk of toxicity.
Circulating Dopamine and C-Peptide Levels in Fasting Nondiabetic Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Tomaschitz Andreas , Ritz Eberhard , Kienreich Katharina , Pieske Burkert , März Winfried , Boehm Bernhard O. , Drechsler Christiane , Meinitzer Andreas , Pilz Stefan 
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE
Accumulating evidence supports a potential role for dopamine in the regulation of insulin secretion. We examined the association between circulating dopamine and C-peptide concentrations using data from the Graz Endocrine Causes of Hypertension (GECOH) study.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
After 12 h of fasting, we measured plasma dopamine and serum C-peptide levels and established determining factors of insulin secretion in 201 nondiabetic hypertensive patients (mean age 48.1 ± 16.0 years; 61.7% women).

RESULTS
Mean dopamine and C-peptide concentration were 33.4 ± 38.6 pg/mL and 3.1 ± 2.7 ng/mL, respectively. A strong and inverse correlation was observed between dopamine and C-peptide levels (r = −0.423, P &lt; 0.001). There was no significant relationship between C-peptide, plasma epinephrine, and norepinephrine. C-peptide levels decreased steadily and significantly from tertile 1 of dopamine (3.6 ng/mL [95% CI 2.9–4.1]) to tertile 3 (1.6 ng/mL [1.5–2.7], P &lt; 0.001) after multivariate adjustment.

CONCLUSIONS
The inverse association between dopamine and C-peptide highlights the need to evaluate whether dopamine could be effective for modulating endocrine pancreatic function.