bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abdominal palpation to determine fetal position at labor onset: a test accuracy study
Authors: WEBB SARA S. , PLANA MARIA N. , ZAMORA JAVIER , AHMAD AISHAH , EARLEY BERNADETTE , MACARTHUR CHRISTINE , KHAN KHALID S. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjective. To examine the accuracy of abdominal palpation for identifying left‐occipito‐anterior (LOA) fetal position using abdominal ultrasound as the reference standard. Design: Classical test accuracy study undertaken in 2005–2007. Setting: Birmingham Women's Foundation NHS Trust serving a large, socio‐economically and ethnically varied population. Sample. All nulliparous women with spontaneous or induced labor before established labor (cervix <4cm dilated), with a singleton live pregnancy of over 37 completed gestational weeks without known fetal abnormalities. Methods. Accuracy of abdominal palpation (index test) in identifying LOA fetal position, with abdominal ultrasound as reference. Trained observers blind to the index test results performed the ultrasound independently. Main outcome measures. Accuracy of palpation in determining LOA position. Results. Midwives’ abdominal palpation and ultrasound data were obtained from 629 women. There were 61 (9%) fetuses in LOA position that were verified by ultrasound. The sensitivity and specificity of palpation to detect LOA position were 34% (95%CI 23–46) and 71% (67–74), respectively. Midwives with experience >5 years achieved higher sensitivity compared to those with ≤5 years (odds ratio 4.02; 1.26–12.9; p=0.019). Sensitivity was higher for community compared with hospital midwives (OR 6.59; 1.11–39.11; p=0.038). Conclusions. Abdominal palpation to determine LOA position at the onset of labor had poor accuracy in nulliparous women on arrival at the maternity unit with a cervix dilation of <4cm. If future research demonstrates that an optimal fetal position at labor onset exists, ultrasound scan to confirm fetal position on arrival for birth may improve midwives’ ability to prognosticate.
‘It should be the most natural thing in the world’: exploring first‐time mothers' breastfeeding difficulties in the UK using audio‐diaries and interviews
Authors: Williamson Iain , Leeming Dawn , Lyttle Steven , Johnson Sally 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBreastfeeding is a practice which is promoted and scrutinized in the UK and internationally. In this paper, we use interpretative phenomenological analysis to explore the experiences of eight British first‐time mothers who struggled with breastfeeding in the early post‐partum period. Participants kept audio‐diary accounts of their infant feeding experiences across a 7‐day period immediately following the birth of their infant and took part in related semi‐structured interviews a few days after completion of the diary. The overarching theme identified was of a tension between the participants' lived, embodied experience of struggling to breastfeed and the cultural construction of breastfeeding as ‘natural’ and trouble‐free. Participants reported particular difficulties interpreting the pain they experienced during feeds and their emerging maternal identities were threatened, often fluctuating considerably from feed to feed. We discuss some of the implications for breastfeeding promotion and argue for greater awareness and understanding of breastfeeding difficulties so that breastfeeding women are less likely to interpret these as a personal shortcoming in a manner which disempowers them. We also advocate the need to address proximal and distal influences around the breastfeeding dyad and, in particular, to consider the broader cultural context in the UK where breastfeeding is routinely promoted yet often constructed as a shameful act if performed in the public arena.
Is home birth a marker for severe malnutrition in early infancy in urban communities of low‐income countries?
Authors: Olusanya Bolajoko O. , Renner James K. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis matched case‐control study set out to determine the association between place of delivery and severe undernutrition in early infancy in a low‐income country. All infants (aged 0–3 months) with severe undernutrition attending four well‐child clinics for routine immunization in inner‐city Lagos, Nigeria were matched for age and sex with well‐nourished peers. The main outcome measures were the adjusted‐matched‐odds ratios from conditional logistic regression analysis of undernutrition based on z‐scores below −3 for weight‐for‐age, height/length‐for‐age and body‐mass‐index‐for‐age using current World Health Organization's Multicentre Growth Reference (WHO‐MGR). From an eligible population of 7075 mother‐infant pairs, 918 severely undernourished infants were enlisted as cases matched with 1836 controls. While there was no statistically significant difference between infants born outside hospitals as a group compared to those born in hospitals, infants delivered at residential homes compared to public hospitals had two‐to‐three fold odds of being severely underweight (p = 0.002), severely stunted (p < 0.001) and severely wasted (p = 0.008) after controlling for potential confounders. Infants delivered in private hospitals were also significantly associated with severe stunting (p = 0.032). This study demonstrates that delivery in homes and private hospitals are potential markers for severe undernutrition in early infancy in this urban population and merits closer attention in any early nutritional intervention in comparable settings of low‐income countries.
The Effects of Long-Term Androgen Deprivation Therapy on Penile Length in Patients with Prostate Cancer: A Single-Center, Prospective, Open-Label, Observational Study
Authors: Park Kyung Kgi , Lee Seung Hwan , Chung Byung Ha 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The adverse effects of long-term drug therapy for prostate cancer (PCa) can dramatically impact patient quality of life and are considered to be important factors when selecting treatment.

Aim
To assess stretched penile length before and after long-term androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for treatment of PCa.

Methods
From January 2008 to June 2010 at a single institution, 39 consecutive patients without distant metastases who were elected to receive ADT as initial therapy for PCa were prospectively enrolled. Exclusion criteria were history of penile anomalies and/or trauma, and prior radical prostate surgery or radiation therapy. Erectile functions were evaluated at baseline according to the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). Vertically stretched penile length was measured every 3 months from the pubopenile junction to the meatus with a spring scale.

Main Outcome Measure
After ADT, significant 3-month interval changes in stretched penile length were noted for up to 15 months (P &lt; 0.001). The relationship between potency and penile shortening was not significant (P = 0.45).

Results
The mean patient age was 67.1 years. Before therapy, the mean stretched penile length was 10.76 cm. After 24 months of ADT, mean penile length had decreased to 8.05 cm. However, these changes plateaued after 15 months. Normal erectile function (EF) was reported by 41% of patients before therapy, while 10.5% reported normal EF at the 24-month follow-up. The relationship between potency and penile shortening was not significant. However, patients who preserved their potency tended to experience less penile shortening.

Conclusions
The administration of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists induced significant decreases in penile length for only up to 15 months in the absence of the confounding effects of surgery and radiation.
Serological evidence of Coxiella burnetii infection in beef cattle in Queensland
Authors: Cooper A , Hedlefs R , McGowan M , Ketheesan N , Govan B 
Published: June 2011

Background  Queensland has the highest incidence of Q fever in Australia. The aim of this study was to undertake a cross‐sectional seroprevalence survey of Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever, in beef cattle in Queensland.Methods  Serum samples were tested by ELISA for both phase II and phase I antigens of the organism using an Australian isolate. Blood samples were collected at an abattoir that processes beef cattle originating from northern and north‐western Queensland, in addition to blood samples taken from beef cattle across Queensland as part of a second survey.Results  Seropositivity was 16.8% (95% confidence interval 16.7–16.8%).Conclusion  Evidence of C. burnetii infection in beef cattle has public health implications for occupational exposure of primary producers and veterinarians and for the proximity of beef cattle properties to residential areas in regional Queensland. This study is the first known investigation of C. burnetii seroprevalence in beef cattle in Queensland and the first known use of an Australian C. burnetii isolate for screening using both phase II and phase I antigens.
Ultraviolet‐B Irradiation Induces Differential Regulations of Hyaluronidase Expression and Activity in Normal Human Keratinocytes
Authors: Kurdykowski Sandrine , Mine Solène , Bardey Vincent , Danoux Louis , Jeanmaire Christine , Pauly Gilles , Brabencova Eva , Wegrowski Yanusz , Maquart François Xavier 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSkin aging is a complex process determined by genetic factors (intrinsic aging) and environmental factors (extrinsic aging). One of the most influential environmental factor is UV‐B irradiation. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an abundant component of skin extracellular matrix where it plays many roles such as hydration and architectural support. Downregulation of HA during photoaging was reported previously. Changes in expression and function of its degrading enzymes, the hyaluronidases (Hyals) might be involved in this decrease. In the present study, normal human keratinocytes were submitted to increasing doses of UV‐B. The mRNA expression of HYAL1, HYAL2 and HYAL3 and the hyaluronidase enzymatic activity were quantified using real‐time PCR and a microtiter‐based assay, respectively. After UV‐B irradiation, HYAL1 mRNA expression was upregulated whereas HYAL2 and HYAL3 mRNAs were downregulated and hyaluronidase enzymatic activity was increased in both cell layer and culture medium. In parallel, immunohistochemical studies performed on UV‐B irradiated reconstructed epidermis confirmed that Hyal‐1, Hyal‐2 and Hyal‐3 protein expression were differently regulated by UV‐B. Taken together, our results demonstrate that UV‐B irradiation induces differential regulations of hyaluronidase expression and enzymatic activity in human keratinocytes. These differential modulations of hyaluronidase expression and activity by UV‐B could contribute to cutaneous photoaging.
Chemistry and Occurrences of Native Tellurium from Epithermal Gold Deposits in Japan
Authors: NAKATA Masataka , KOMURO Kosei 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe chemistry and mode of occurrences of native tellurium in the epithermal gold ores from Teine, Kobetsuzawa, Mutsu, Kawazu, Suzaki and Iriki in Japan are examined. Mineral assemblages in contact with native tellurium are: quartz‐sylvanite at Teine, quartz‐hessite‐sylvanite‐tellurantimony at Kobetsuzawa, quartz at Mutsu, quartz‐stutzite‐hessite‐sylvanite‐tetradymite at Kawazu, quartz at Suzaki, and quartz‐goldfieldite at Iriki. The peak patterns of XRD for native tellurium from these six ores are nearly identical to that of JCPDS 4–554. Their chemical compositions of Te range from 98.16 to 100.73 wt.%, showing nearly pure tellurium. Other elements detected are: Se of 0–0.85 and Cu of 0–0.74 at Teine, Sb of 0.45–0.47 and Se of 0.19–0.27 at Kawazu, Se of 0.22–1.11 and Sb of 0–0.49 at Suzaki, and Cu of 0.69–0.98, As of 0.22–0.28 and Bi of 0–0.22 wt.% at Iriki. No other elements are detected in the ores of Kobetsuzawa and Mutsu. The ranges of associated minor compositions are consistent with those of the experimental phase. The differences would be related to associate minerals. The mineral assemblages in these ores agree well with the previously proposed experimental phase relations in Au‐Ag‐Te ternary system for 120–280°C. The Suzaki ore has high Te‐Au assemblage: from calaverite‐sylvanite‐krennerite via native tellurium to petzite, with changing mineralization stage, whereas the Kobetsuzawa and the Kawazu ores have high Te‐Ag assemblage of tellurium‐hessite, and native tellurium‐stutzite‐hessite‐sylvanite, respectively. The Teine ore has intermediate assemblage of native tellurium‐sylvanite. The mineral assemblages in the Au‐Ag‐Te system are related to the hydrothermal environment especially to the pH condition, i.e. Au rich assemblages under acidic and Ag rich assemblages under intermediate pH conditions, being supported by alteration mineral species. The other telluriferous epithermal gold deposits not in association with native tellurium such as Agawa, Date, Takeno, Chugu, Chitose, Sado and Kushikino are estimated to have been formed under higher pH conditions as adularia and calcite occur in these deposits. The pH‐Eh diagram for aqueous tellurium species and tellurium minerals at 250°C indicates that the region of native tellurium occurs between those of aqueous telluride and tellurous species at lower pH, being consistent with their mineral assemblages in ores and alteration envelopes.
Source Rock Characterization and Petroleum Systems in North Ghadames Basin, Southern Tunisia
Authors: AKROUT Dhaou , AFFOURI Hassène , AHMADI Riadh , MERCIER Eric , MONTACER Mabrouk 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis paper presents geochemical analysis of drilled cutting samples from the OMZ‐2 oil well located in southern Tunisia. A total of 35 drill‐cutting samples were analyzed for Rock‐Eval pyrolysis, total organic carbon (TOC), bitumens extraction and liquid chromatography. Most of the Ordovician, Silurian and Triassic samples contained high TOC contents, ranging from 1.00 to 4.75% with an average value of 2.07%. The amount of hydrocarbon yield (pyrolysable hydrocarbon: S2b) expelled during pyrolysis indicates a good generative potential of the source rocks. The plot of TOC versus S2b, indicates a good to very good generative potential for organic matter in the Ordovician, Silurian and Lower Triassic. However, the Upper Triassic and the Lower Jurassic samples indicate fair to good generative potential. From the Vankrevelen diagram, the organic matter in the Ordovician, Silurian and Lower Triassic samples is mainly of type II kerogen and the organic matter from the Upper Triassic and the Lower Jurassic is dominantly type III kerogen with minor contributions from Type I. The thermal maturity of the organic matter in the analyzed samples is also evaluated based on the Tmax of the S2b peak. The Ordovician and Lower Silurian formations are thermally matured. The Upper Silurian and Triassic deposits are early matured to matured. However, Jurassic formations are low in thermal maturity. The total bitumen extracts increase with depth from the interval 1800–3000 m. This enrichment indicates that the trapping in situ in the source rocks and relatively short distance vertical migration can be envisaged in the overlying reservoirs. During the vertical migration from source rocks to the reservoirs, these hydrocarbons are probably affected by natural choromatography and in lower proportion by biodegradation.
Regional Exploration Targeting Model for Gangdese Porphyry Copper Deposits
Authors: ZUO Renguang 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAn exploration targeting model for Gangdese porphyry copper deposit in Tibet, China, is constructed based on (i) the age of porphyry intrusions within Gangdese magmatic arc; (ii) the regional‐scale normal E–W, N–S and N–E striking faults; and (iii) comprehensive anomalously high concentrations of Cu‐Mo‐Au‐Ag‐Pb‐Zn. These targeting elements are derived from geological map and geochemical dataset, and are integrated by weights of evidence with the aid of geographic information system (GIS). The resulting prospectivity for porphyry copper deposits delineated by posterior probability demonstrates that the target areas extend along the Yaluzangbujiang River and contain the two large deposits, Qulong and Chongjiang, located in the eastern and central part of the Gangdese belt, respectively. These results indicate that the proposed exploration targeting model is a potential tool to map regional‐scale mineral prospectivity. The target areas with high values of favorability, especially where high concentrations of Cu‐Mo‐Au‐Ag‐Pb‐Zn are present, are the potential areas for finding undiscovered porphyry copper deposits.
Instrument associated complication of a laparoscopic ovariectomy
Authors: Madron M. S. , Caston S. S. , Tracey A. K. , Kersh K. D. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryThe case reported here describes the retrieval of the end of a pair of laparoscopic forceps that became separated from the instrument shaft during a laparoscopic ovariectomy. This case details the procedures used to locate and remove the foreign body from the abdominal cavity. No complications associated with the intra‐abdominal foreign body occurred and the mare was discharged the following day.
Low‐field standing magnetic resonance imaging findings of the metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal joint of racing Thoroughbreds with lameness localised to the region: A retrospective study of 131 horses
Authors: POWELL S. E. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryReasons for performing study:The metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal (MCP/MTP) joint is a common site of lameness in the Thoroughbred racehorse. Radiographs may fail to show pathology consistent with the degree of lameness. With a high incidence of stress fractures occurring in the distal third metacarpal/metatarsal (MC3/MT3) condyles and proximal phalanx, a definitive diagnosis as to the nature of the pathology is essential.Objective:To describe the low‐field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in Thoroughbred racehorses with MCP/MTP joint pain scanned under standing sedation.Methods:The MR images and clinical records of all Thoroughbred racehorses undergoing MRI of the MCP/MTP joint between October 2006 and August 2010 were reviewed. A total of 168 joints from 131 horses were selected for inclusion. The MRI finding considered most significant in the lame (or lamest) limb was noted.Results:Diagnostic quality images were obtainable in 97.8% of horses. The most common finding was palmar/plantar osteochondral disease in MC3/MT3 (54.9% of horses). Incomplete condylar fracture was diagnosed in 19.8% of horses, with the lateral condyle predominating. An incomplete sagittal fracure of P1 was diagnosed in 14.5% of horses and 11.4% were diagnosed with ‘dorsal joint disease’. Other findings included transverse MC3 stress fractures (1.5%), soft tissue injuries (12.2%) and proximal phalangeal ‘contusions’ (3.8%). No significant bone/soft tissue injury was detected in 5.4% of cases.Conclusions:Standing MRI can detect a spectrum of disease within the MCP/MTP joints of racehorses. The procedure is well tolerated and may lead to a definitive diagnosis where radiographic imaging is inconclusive.Potential relevance:A total of 35.8% of cases had MRI findings consistent with fracture pathology, which could not be confirmed radiographically at the time of the MRI examination. This has important therapeutic and prognostic implications and may help to prevent catastrophic injury.
Phacoemulsification and implantation of foldable +14 diopter intraocular lenses in five mature horses
Authors: TOWNSEND W. M. , JACOBI S. , BARTOE J. T. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryPresently, intraocular lenses (IOLs) are not routinely implanted after equine cataract surgery. Subsequently, horses are visual but markedly farsighted (hyperopic). This report describes the surgical results and visual status after phacoemulsification and implantation of IOLs in mature horses with spontaneous cataracts. Six eyes of 5 mature horses underwent phacoemulsification and implantation of a +14 diopter (D) foldable IOL. Recheck ocular examinations were performed at 1, 4 and 24 weeks post operatively. Refractive error was recorded at 4 weeks post operatively. Visual status, refractive error and anterior chamber depth were recorded 24 weeks post operatively: 5 of 6 operated eyes remained visual and the average refractive error was +0.4 ± 1.1D. There was a significant difference between the 24 week post operative refractive error and the population mean of +10D (P<0.0001) for aphakic horses. The average post operative anterior chamber depth was 7.89 ± 1.55 mm. One globe was enucleated 2 months post operatively. Phacoemulsification with IOL implantation resulted in a significant reduction in post operative refractive error and restored vision to within 0.4D of emmetropia in 5 of 6 operated eyes. Implantation of a +14D IOL ameliorated the hyperopia documented in aphakic horses and improved the post operative visual acuity.
Comparison of owner‐reported health problems with veterinary assessment of geriatric horses in the United Kingdom
Authors: IRELAND J. L. , CLEGG P. D. , McGOWAN C. M. , McKANE S. A. , CHANDLER K. J. , PINCHBECK G. L. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryReasons for performing study: Previous studies suggest that owners underestimate or incorrectly recognise or report health problems in geriatric horses. However, few studies have directly compared owner‐reported and veterinary assessed disease.Objectives: To compare the findings of veterinary clinical examination of geriatric horses with owner‐reported clinical signs and disease.Methods: A total of 200 horses aged ≥15 years were randomly selected to receive a veterinary examination, from responses to a cross‐sectional postal questionnaire survey. Veterinary examinations were performed within 2 months of questionnaire return, and agreement between owner‐reported data and veterinary clinical findings was assessed.Results: Owners under‐reported many clinical signs and disease conditions detected on veterinary clinical examination. For example, dental abnormalities (detected in 95.4% of horses, reported by 24.5% of owners); cardiac murmurs (detected in 20% of horses, reported by 0.5% of owners); lameness (present in 50% of horses, reported by 23% of owners) and hoof abnormalities (detected in 80% of horses, reported by 27% of owners). Agreement between owner‐reported and veterinary assessed respiratory disease (Kappa 0.02–0.2), body condition score (Kappa 0.24) and coat abnormalities (Kappa 0.42) was poor, fair and moderate, respectively. Range of motion (ROM) of the tarsal and metacarpophalangeal joints was lower in horses with owner‐reported osteoarthritis (P = 0.005 and <0.001, respectively).Conclusions and potential relevance: The low prevalence and relatively poor agreement of owner‐reported disease compared to that detected on veterinary examination suggests inaccurate or under‐recognition, or inaccurate reporting of health problems by owners of geriatric horses, which could lead to a delay in presentation for veterinary treatment. Increased veterinary involvement and improved owner education in the care of geriatric horses should facilitate earlier identification of disease, particularly that which is not readily detectable by owners, and aid management of health and welfare problems.