bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TGFβ regulation of membrane mucin Muc4 via proteosome degradation
Authors: Lomako Wieslawa M. , Lomako Joseph , Soto Pedro , Carraway Coralie A. Carothers , Carraway Kermit L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMuc4 is a heterodimeric membrane mucin implicated in epithelial differentiation and tumor progression. It is expressed from a single gene as a 300 kDa precursor protein which is cleaved in the endoplasmic reticulum to its two subunits. Our previous work has shown that Muc4 is regulated by TGFβ, which represses the precursor cleavage. Working with Muc4‐transfected A375 tumor cells, we now show that Muc4 undergoes proteosomal degradation. Proteosome inhibitors prolong the life of the precursor, shunt the Muc4 into cytoplasmic aggresomes, increase the level of Muc4 associated with the endoplasmic reticulum chaperones calnexin and calreticulin and increase the levels of ubiquitinated Muc4. Most importantly, proteosome inhibitors repress the TGFβ inhibition of Muc4 expression. These results suggest a model in which TGFβ inhibits precursor cleavage, shunting the precursor into the proteosomal degradation pathway. Thus, the cells have evolved a mechanism to use the quality control pathway for glycoproteins to control the quantity of the protein produced. J. Cell. Biochem. 107: 797–802, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Disability and posttraumatic stress disorder in disaster relief workers responding to september 11, 2001 World Trade Center Disaster
Authors: Evans Susan , Patt Ivy , Giosan Cezar , Spielman Lisa , Difede JoAnn 
Published: April 2009

AbstractEmpirical evidence suggests that social and occupational disability plays a significant role in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The purpose of this study was to assess the role of social/occupational disability and to identify predictors of the development of PTSD in a group of disaster relief workers (DRWs) who had been deployed to the World Trade Center (WTC) following September 11, 2001. Eight hundred forty‐two utility workers completed a battery of comprehensive tests measuring PTSD and social occupational functioning. Results indicated a significant association between PTSD symptoms and impaired social/occupational functioning. Symptomatic workers were also more likely to have a history of trauma, panic disorder, and depression. Those with a history of trauma, depression, generalized anxiety disorder or panic reported significantly more disability than those without a psychiatric history. Careful screening of PTSD and social/occupational functioning in DRWs following a disaster is warranted so that early treatment can be undertaken to prevent a chronic and disabling course. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 65: 1–11, 2009.
Intrusions related to obsessive‐compulsive disorder: a question of content or context?
Authors: Julien Dominic , O'Connor Kieron P. , Aardema Frederick 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe aim of the current study was to investigate whether intrusions of individuals with obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) and nonclinical individuals differed in content and in context of occurrence. The results suggest that although the intrusions of OCD and nonclinical individuals are similar in content, they differ in their context of occurrence. Chi square analyses revealed that the intrusions of nonclinical participants were more likely to be directly linked than indirectly linked to observations in the here and now, whereas the intrusions of participants with OCD were more prone to be indirectly linked than directly linked to triggers in the environment at the time they occurred. The implications of the results for cognitive models of OCD are discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 65: 1–14, 2009.
A comparison of Latino and Anglo socially desirable responding
Authors: Hopwood Christopher J. , Flato Claudia G. , Ambwani Suman , Garland Beth H. , Morey Leslie C. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPrevious research suggests that Latinos tend to score higher than Anglos on psychometric indicators of socially desirable responding. The purpose of the current study was to test several methodological and cultural explanations for these group differences. Hypothesized explanations included varying levels of problems in living, measurement bias, differential structure of socially desirable responding measures, reliabilities of response style indicators, or cultural factors. Results supported previous findings that self‐identified Latino (N=143) respondents score significantly higher than Anglos (N=93) on some socially desirable responding indicators. Groups did not differ in levels of psychopathology and socially desirable responding indicators demonstrated structural similarity, equivalent relations to external criteria, and equivalent reliabilities across groups. Thus, data suggest normative differences between these groups in social presentation that should be considered in culturally sensitive clinical practice. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 65:1–12, 2009.
3‐hydroxy 3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase increase is essential for rat muscle differentiation
Authors: Martini Chiara , Trapani Laura , Narciso Laura , Marino Maria , Trentalance Anna , Pallottini Valentina 
Published: April 2009

Abstract3‐Hydroxy 3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG‐CoAR) is the key and rate‐limiting enzyme of cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. Although HMG‐CoAR activity has already been related to the differentiation of some cellular lines there are no studies that analyze the role of HMG‐CoAR, and the pathway it is involved with in a fully characterized muscle differentiation model. Thus, the aim of this work is to evaluate such role and delineate the pathway involved in foetal rat myoblasts (L6) induced to differentiate by insulin—a standard and feasible model of the myogenic process. The results obtained by biochemical and morphological approaches demonstrate that (i) HMG‐CoAR increase is crucial for differentiation induction, (ii) p21waf, whose increase is a necessary requisite for differentiation to occur, rises downstream HMG‐CoAR activation, (iii) the main role of p38/MAPK as key regulator also for HMG‐CoAR. Pathologies characterized by muscle degeneration might benefit from therapeutic programmes committed to muscle function restoration, such as modulation and planning myoblast differentiation. Thus, the important role of HMG‐CoAR in muscular differentiation providing new molecular basis for the control of muscle development can help in the design of therapeutic treatment for diseases characterized by the weakening of muscular fibers and aging‐related disorders (sarcopenia). J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 524–530, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk Stratification tools for Transient Ischemic Attack: Which patients require hospital admission?
Authors: Cumbler Ethan , Glasheen Jeffrey J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractStroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) arise from identical etiologies and many fatal or disabling strokes are preceded by a TIA. Ten percent of patients presenting with a TIA will suffer a stroke within 3 months with half occurring in the first 48 hours. Still, many patients with a TIA do not receive timely evaluation or therapy. Hospitalization offers the opportunity for rapid evaluation and secondary prevention, reduced time to thrombolysis for early second strokes, and can be cost effective for high risk patients. Stratification tools are now available which allow individualized assessment of risk for early second strokes based on patient characteristics on presentation. The use of scoring systems such as the ABCD2 score to predict risk of stroke after TIA are useful in making an evidence‐based judgment regarding need for hospitalization. High‐risk patients have an 8.1% risk for stroke in the 48 hours after a TIA and warrant hospital admission. Intermediate‐risk patients have a 4.1% risk of early second stroke and may be considered for admission, observation, or expedited clinic evaluation. Low‐risk patients have a 2‐day stroke risk of only 1% and are likely appropriate for prompt outpatient evaluation. TIA is a medical emergency, similar to unstable angina, and high risk patients should receive treatment and prevention measures instituted with comparable urgency. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:247–251. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Natural history of late discharges from a general medical ward
Authors: Chen Lena M. , Freitag Michael H. , Franco Manuel , Sullivan Christopher D. , Dickson Conan , Brancati Frederick L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Slow hospital discharges reduce efficiency and compromise care for patients awaiting a bed. Although efficient discharge is a widely held goal, the natural history of the discharge process has not been well studied.OBJECTIVE:To describe the discharge process and identify factors associated with longer and later discharges.DESIGN:Prospective cohort study.SETTING:A general medicine ward without house‐staff coverage, in a tertiary care hospital (The Johns Hopkins Hospital) in Baltimore, Maryland, from January 1, 2005 to April 30, 2005.PATIENTS:Two hundred and nine consecutively discharged adult inpatients.MEASUREMENTS:Discharge time (primary outcome) and discharge duration (secondary outcome).RESULTS:Median discharge time was 3:09 PM (25th% to 75th%: 1:08 to 5:00 PM). In adjusted analysis, discharge time was associated with ambulance used on discharge (1.5 hours), prescriptions filled prior to discharge (1.4 hours), subspecialty consult prior to discharge (1.2 hours), and procedure prior to discharge (1.1 hours). Median duration of the discharge process was 7 hours 34 minutes (25th% to 75th%: 4.0 to 22.0 hours). Discharge duration was associated with discharge to a location other than home (28.9 hours), and with need for consultation (14.8 hours) or a procedure (13.4 hours) prior to discharge (all P values <0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Discharge time and duration have wide variability. Longer and later discharges were associated with procedures and consults. Successful efforts to decrease time of discharge will require broad institutional effort to improve delivery of interdepartmental services. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:226–233. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Reduction of 30‐day postdischarge hospital readmission or emergency department (ED) visit rates in high‐risk elderly medical patients through delivery of a targeted care bundle
Authors: Koehler Bruce E. , Richter Kathleen M. , Youngblood Liz , Cohen Brian A. , Prengler Irving D. , Cheng Dunlei , Masica Andrew L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractRATIONALE:Care coordination has shown inconsistent results as a mechanism to reduce hospital readmission and postdischarge emergency department (ED) visit rates.OBJECTIVE:To assess the impact of a supplemental care bundle targeting high‐risk elderly inpatients implemented by hospital‐based staff compared to usual care on a composite outcome of hospital readmission and/or ED visitation at 30 and 60 days following discharge.PATIENTS/METHODS:Randomized controlled pilot study in 41 medical inpatients predisposed to unplanned readmission or postdischarge ED visitation, conducted at Baylor University Medical Center. The intervention group care bundle consisted of medication counseling/reconciliation by a clinical pharmacist (CP), condition specific education/enhanced discharge planning by a care coordinator (CC), and phone follow‐up.RESULTS:Groups had similar baseline characteristics. Intervention group readmission/ED visit rates were reduced at 30 days compared to the control group (10.0% versus 38.1%, P = 0.04), but not at 60 days (30.0% versus 42.9%, P = 0.52). For those patients who had a readmission/postdischarge ED visit, the time interval to this event was longer in the intervention group compared to usual care (36.2 versus 15.7 days, P = 0.05). Study power was insufficient to reliably compare the effects of the intervention on lengths of index hospital stay between groups.CONCLUSIONS:A targeted care bundle delivered to high‐risk elderly inpatients decreased unplanned acute health care utilization up to 30 days following discharge. Dissipation of this effect by 60 days postdischarge defines reasonable expectations for analogous hospital‐based educational interventions. Further research is needed regarding the impacts of similar care bundles in larger populations across a variety of inpatient settings. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:211–218. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Home alone: Assessing mobility independence before discharge
Authors: Manning Dennis M. , Keller A. Scott , Frank Debra L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractHospitalists are often confronted with discharge planning responsibility and decisions for elderly patients who live alone. The absence of an in‐home helper (spouse, partner, or care‐giver) reduces the margin of safety and resilience to any new debility. Research has documented that during hospital stays elderly patients tend to become deconditioned, even if there is no new specific neurologic or motor deficit. In the patient whose pre‐hospital mobility independence is not robust, and perhaps marginally compensated, inpatient stays for any diagnosis may result in critical decrements in mobility independence. The present study is an effort to design a bedside tool for the hospitalist by which to discern, or screen, for such debility. The tool is a hierarchical performance test we named I‐MOVE (Independent Mobility Validation Examination). It is a quick series of bedside mobility requests to demonstrate capability of fundamental movements critical to independent living. We describe manner in which I‐MOVE can be performed. Moreover, we describe the face validity and the high interrater reliability (> 0.90 intra‐class correlation coefficient) of two RNs who independently administered and scored I‐MOVE for 41 patients on a General Medical Care Unit. Although not yet studied in correlation with outcomes, nor with validated mobility assessment tools, we believe I‐MOVE can serve as a useful extension of the nurse's assessment, or the Hospitalist's physical examination. Discerning the continued capability of mobility independence is a desirable, on‐going insight for discharge planning of the elderly patient who resides alone. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:252–254. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Discrepancy between admission and discharge diagnoses as a predictor of hospital length of stay
Authors: Johnson Tricia , McNutt Robert , Odwazny Richard , Patel Deval , Baker Seth 
Published: April 2009

AbstractCONTEXT:The addition of clinical data or present on admission (POA) codes to administrative databases improves the accuracy of predicting clinical outcomes, such as inpatient mortality. Other POA information may also explain variation in hospital outcomes, such as length of stay (LOS), but this potential has not been previously explored.OBJECTIVES:To assess whether a discrepancy between the diagnosis coded at the time of admission and the diagnoses coded at discharge independently explains variation in LOS for general internal medicine patients.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS:A retrospective data review of patients age 18 years and older admitted to general internal medicine units at a large, urban academic medical center between July 2005 and June 2006. A generalized linear regression model was constructed to adjust for patient factors known to be associated with LOS.OUTCOME MEASURE:Average LOS among patients with a discrepancy between the admitting and discharge diagnosis codes versus those patients without a discrepancy.MAIN RESULTS:The average LOS for patients without a discrepancy between the admitting and discharge diagnosis codes, adjusted for comorbid conditions, was 3.4 days compared to 4.2 days with a discrepancy (0.76‐day increase; P < 0.01).CONCLUSIONS:Diagnosis discrepancy is associated with longer LOS. Diagnosis discrepancy on admission may be a marker of diagnosis uncertainty or poor patient assessment/documentation. Further research is needed to understand the underlying reasons for this discrepancy and its association with LOS, and, potentially, clinical outcomes. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:234–239. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Peripheral moving‐table contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE‐MRA) using a prototype 18‐channel peripheral vascular coil and scanning parameters optimized to the patient's individual hemodynamics
Authors: Potthast Silke , Wilson Gregory J. , Wang Maisie S. , Maki Jeffrey H. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPurposeTo demonstrate that with a priori determination of individual patient hemodynamics, peripheral contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (pCE‐MRA) can be customized to maximize signal‐to noise ratio (SNR) and avoid venous enhancement.Materials and MethodsUsing a 1.5T MRI scanner and prototype 18‐channel peripheral vascular (PV) coil designed for highly accelerated parallel imaging, geometry (g)‐factor maps were determined. SNR‐maximized protocols considering the two‐dimensional sensitivity encoding (2D SENSE) factor, TE, TR, bandwidth (BW), and flip angle (FA) were precalculated and stored. For each exam, a small aortic timing bolus was performed, followed by dynamic three‐dimensional (3D)‐MRA of the calf. Using this information, the aorta to pedal artery and calf arteriovenous transit times were measured. This enabled estimation of the maximum upper and middle station acquisition duration to allow lower station acquisition to begin prior to venous arrival. The appropriately succinct SNR‐optimized protocol for each station was selected and moving‐table pCE‐MRA was performed using thigh venous compression and high‐relaxivity contrast material.ResultsThe protocol was successfully applied in 15 patients and all imaging demonstrated good SNR without diagnosis‐hindering venous enhancement.ConclusionBy knowing each patient's venous enhancement kinetics, scan parameters can be optimized to utilize maximum possible acquisition time. Some time is added for the timing scans, but in return time‐resolved calf CE‐MRA, maximized SNR, and decreased risk of venous enhancement are gained. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:1106–1115. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
3D diffusion tensor MRI with isotropic resolution using a steady‐state radial acquisition
Authors: Jung Youngkyoo , Samsonov Alexey A. , Block Walter F. , Lazar Mariana , Lu Aiming , Liu Jing , Alexander Andrew L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPurposeTo obtain diffusion tensor images (DTI) over a large image volume rapidly with 3D isotropic spatial resolution, minimal spatial distortions, and reduced motion artifacts, a diffusion‐weighted steady‐state 3D projection (SS 3DPR) pulse sequence was developed.Materials and MethodsA diffusion gradient was inserted in a SS 3DPR pulse sequence. The acquisition was synchronized to the cardiac cycle, linear phase errors were corrected along the readout direction, and each projection was weighted by measures of consistency with other data. A new iterative parallel imaging reconstruction method was also implemented for removing off‐resonance and undersampling artifacts simultaneously.ResultsThe contrast and appearance of both the fractional anisotropy and eigenvector color maps were substantially improved after all correction techniques were applied. True 3D DTI datasets were obtained in vivo over the whole brain (240 mm field of view in all directions) with 1.87 mm isotropic spatial resolution, six diffusion encoding directions in under 19 minutes.ConclusionA true 3D DTI pulse sequence with high isotropic spatial resolution was developed for whole brain imaging in under 20 minutes. To minimize the effects of brain motion, a cardiac synchronized, multiecho, DW‐SSFP pulse sequence was implemented. Motion artifacts were further reduced by a combination of linear phase correction, corrupt projection detection and rejection, sampling density reweighting, and parallel imaging reconstruction. The combination of these methods greatly improved the quality of 3D DTI in the brain. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:1175–1184. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of vascular remodeling under antiangiogenic therapy using DCE‐MRI and vessel size imaging
Authors: Zwick Stefan , Strecker Ralph , Kiselev Valerji , Gall Peter , Huppert Jochen , Palmowski Moritz , Lederle Wiltrud , Woenne Eva C. , Hengerer Arne , Taupitz Matthias , Semmler Wolfhard , Kiessling Fabian 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPurposeTo assess vascular remodeling in tumors during two different antiangiogenic therapies with dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) and vessel size imaging and to evaluate the vessel size index (VSI) as a novel biomarker of therapy response.Materials and MethodsIn two independent experiments, nude mice bearing human skin squamous cell carcinoma xenografts were treated with a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor (bevacizumab) or a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (SU11248). Changes in tumor vascularity were assessed by DCE‐MRI and vessel size imaging. DCE‐MRI data were analyzed applying a two‐compartment model (Brix), calculating the parameters Amplitude and kep.ResultsFor both experiments Amplitude decreased significantly in treated tumors while kep did not change significantly. VSI showed controversial results. VSI was significantly increased in SU11248‐treated A431 tumors, whereas no changes were found in bevacizumab‐treated HaCaT‐ras‐A‐5RT3 tumors. Immunohistology confirmed these results and suggest differences in the maturation of tumor vascularization as a possible explanation.ConclusionDCE‐MRI and vessel size imaging provide reliable and supplementing biomarkers of antiangiogenic therapy response. The results of both methods are in excellent agreement with histology. Nevertheless, our results also indicate that vascular remodeling is complex and that a uniform response cannot be expected for different tumors and therapies. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:1125–1133. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A fast, effective filtering method for improving clinical pulsed arterial spin labeling MRI
Authors: Tan Huan , Maldjian Joseph A. , Pollock Jeffrey M. , Burdette Jonathan H. , Yang Lucie Y. , Deibler Andrew R. , Kraft Robert A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effectiveness of a fully automated postprocessing filter algorithm in pulsed arterial spin labeling (PASL) MRI perfusion images in a large clinical population.Materials and MethodsA mean and standard deviation‐based filter was implemented to remove outliers in the set of perfusion‐weighted images (control – label) before being averaged and scaled to quantitative cerebral blood flow (CBF) maps. Filtered and unfiltered CBF maps from 200 randomly selected clinical cases were assessed by four blinded raters to evaluate the effectiveness of the filter.ResultsThe filter salvaged many studies deemed uninterpretable as a result of motion artifacts, transient gradient, and/or radiofrequency instabilities, and unexpected disruption of data acquisition by the technologist to communicate with the patient. The filtered CBF maps contained significantly (P < 0.05) fewer artifacts and were more interpretable than unfiltered CBF maps as determined by one‐tail paired t‐test.ConclusionVariations in MR perfusion signal related to patient motion, system instability, or disruption of the steady state can introduce artifacts in the CBF maps that can be significantly reduced by postprocessing filtering. Diagnostic quality of the clinical perfusion images can be improved by performing selective averaging without a significant loss in perfusion signal‐to‐noise ratio. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:1134–1139. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.