bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quasi Two-Dimensional Analysis of Flow Through a Centrifugal Pump
Impeller
Authors: Kumar T. C. Mohana , Rao Y. V. N. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
A quasi two-dimensional method of singularities is developed for the analysis of flow through a centrifugal pump impeller of varying width. The theory is applied to a double suction centrifugal pump impeller and the results are compared with those obtained by existing two-dimensional and empirical methods. The suggested analysis gives satisfactory results at regimes close to the best efficiency point.
Derivation of Turbulent Transport Coefficients From Turbulent
Parameters in Isotropic Turbulence
Authors: Abdel-Gayed Ramzy G. , Bradley Derek 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
A survey of experimental work on mass, momentum, and energy transport at the axis of pipes relates the ratio of turbulent diffusivity to kinematic viscosity, ε/ν, to the flow Reynolds number. A single relationship is applicable for all three transport processes. Measurements of turbulent parameters also are surveyed and related to the flow Reynolds number. From a combination of the two sets of results a correlation is obtained between ε/ν and the turbulent Reynolds number, Rl, which is possibly of general validity for isotropic turbulence. The results are based upon transport transverse to the flow (“y” direction) and yield εy/ν = 11 Rly0.65 for Rly &gt; 100.
Lift on a Rotating Porous Cylinder
Authors: So Ronald M. C. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Two-dimensional flow past a rotating circular cylinder with uniform suction at the surface is considered. The method of solution follows closely that used by Glauert [1] and the problem is solved for the case in which there is no viscous flow separation from the cylinder surface. Expressions in terms of the ratio of the cylinder peripheral velocity and a suction parameter are obtained for the lift and torque. The results show that uniform suction has a limited effect on the lift; however, the torque increases with suction. Possible application of these results to wind power generation is briefly discussed.
A Study of Lubricated Direct-Extrusion Process of High-Strength and
High-Melting-Point Materials, With Isothermal Surface of Die and
Container
Authors: Hsu Y. C. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Numerical solutions for an isothermal case are presented for the direct extrusion process of a cylindrical body with viscous plastohydrodynamic lubrication at high operating temperature and pressure. The extrusion pressure at die predicted by the present theory, and measured correspondingly by experiment are seen to agree well. As such, this agreement supports the validity of the assumptions in the present theory. For this typical experimental case, the additional data, which are not measured by experiment, are calculated by the present theory. Furthermore, a more fundamental understanding is provided for design data with regard to the interaction of the physical parameters such as extrusion ram speed, percent reduction in area, half of the included die angle, preheat billet temperature, exit pressure of lubricant film, lubricant properties, and extruded materials. These design data are offered in a form whereby they may be applied broadly to a variety of practical direct extrusion processes.
Helical-Grooved Journal Bearing Operated in Turbulent
Regime
Authors: Chow C. Y. , Vohr J. H. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
An analysis for helical bearings operated in turbulent regime, with negligible inertia in an incompressible fluid film, was performed [10, 11]. The analysis is based on the linearised lubrication theory developed by Ng and Pan [4]. The outlines for this analysis and, in particular, the bearing performance data for various helical groovings are given in this paper. The data presented include the bearing performance at the steady state, the stiffness and damping coefficients, and the critical mass of journal in both laminar and turbulent regimes. To facilitate designs, these data are computed for optimal geometries of helical grooved bearings to provide maximum radial stiffness at various Reynolds numbers. In addition, the effect of external pressurized supply of lubricant are shown in the performance curves.
Stereotyping of medical disability claimants' communication behaviour by physicians: towards more focused education for social insurance physicians
Authors: van Rijssen HJ , Schellart AJM , Berkhof M , Anema JR , van der Beek AJ 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background
Physicians who hold medical disability assessment interviews (social insurance physicians) are probably influenced by stereotypes of claimants, especially because they have limited time available and they have to make complicated decisions. Because little is known about the influences of stereotyping on assessment interviews, the objectives of this paper were to qualitatively investigate: (1) the content of stereotypes used to classify claimants with regard to the way in which they communicate; (2) the origins of such stereotypes; (3) the advantages and disadvantages of stereotyping in assessment interviews; and (4) how social insurance physicians minimise the undesirable influences of negative stereotyping.

Methods
Data were collected during three focus group meetings with social insurance physicians who hold medical disability assessment interviews with sick-listed employees (i.e. claimants). The participants also completed a questionnaire about demographic characteristics. The data were qualitatively analysed in Atlas.ti in four steps, according to the grounded theory and the principle of constant comparison.

Results
A total of 22 social insurance physicians participated. Based on their responses, a claimant's communication was classified with regard to the degree of respect and acceptance in the physician-claimant relationship, and the degree of dominance. Most of the social insurance physicians reported that they classify claimants in general groups, and use these classifications to adapt their own communication behaviour. Moreover, the social insurance physicians revealed that their stereotypes originate from information in the claimants' files and first impressions. The main advantages of stereotyping were that this provides a framework for the assessment interview, it can save time, and it is interesting to check whether the stereotype is correct. Disadvantages of stereotyping were that the stereotypes often prove incorrect, they do not give the complete picture, and the claimant's behaviour changes constantly. Social insurance physicians try to minimise the undesirable influences of stereotypes by being aware of counter transference, making formal assessments, staying neutral to the best of their ability, and being compassionate.

Conclusions
We concluded that social insurance physicians adapt their communication style to the degree of respect and dominance of claimants in the physician-claimant relationship, but they try to minimise the undesirable influences of stereotypes in assessment interviews. It is recommended that this issue should be addressed in communication skills training.
When Missions Became Development: Ironies of ‘ngoization’ in Mainstream Canadian Churches in the 1960s
Authors: Brouwer Ruth Compton 
Published: November 2010

Abstract: Focusing mainly on the United Church of Canada, this article highlights changes in organization, discourse, and practice that were part of a missions-to-development trajectory in the mainstream churches during the 1960s and ironies arising from that shift. The article shows that, despite these churches' increasingly non-evangelistic approach to missions in this tumultuous decade and their desire to escape the taint of colonialism, globally minded young Canadians were not won over. Instead of choosing a missionary vocation, many became volunteers with Canadian University Service Overseas (cuso), a secular development organization founded in 1961. Meanwhile, as the United Church and other mainstream churches took on development and solidarity work in the Global South as their new ‘mission,’ they lost the support of conservative Christians, who continued to hold a more traditional understanding of the missionary task. Although the overseas outreach of the mainline churches survived the challenges of the 1960s, it was in a greatly changed and attenuated form. In practice, the everyday concerns of these faith-based ngos often had little to distinguish them from the concerns of their young, secular counterparts.
Approximate calculation of conversion with kinetic normalization for finite reaction rates in wall‐coated microchannels
Authors: Lopes J. P. , Rodrigues Alírio E. , Cardoso Silvana S.S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe consider the problem of mass transfer in a channel with wall reaction and present approximate results to describe the conversion profile. We report analytical solutions in both Graetz's and Lévêque's regime in cases where only (semi)numerical studies have been presented before. In particular, for first‐order kinetics under conditions of a fully developed concentration profile, an approximate procedure for conversion calculation is proposed for finite reaction rates. When the profile is developing, asymptotic limits are used to formulate accurate approximations in intermediate parametric ranges. Moreover, the effect of finite reaction rates in the corrections due to curvature or velocity profile nonlinearities are reported. Finally, we extend the previous results to an mth order “power‐law” wall reaction, so that kinetic normalization is achieved in suitable limits. These results are of relevance for the modeling and simulation of processes involving catalytic monoliths or microreactors. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Fine needle aspiration cytology of solid neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast: A case report
Authors: Kawanishi Namiki , Norimatsu Yoshiaki , Funakoshi Mahito , Kamei Toshiaki , Sonobe Hiroshi , Kawano Ryo , Kobayashi Tadao K. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe report a case of neuroendcrine (NE) carcinoma in the right breast of a 67‐year‐old female, ultrasonography revealed a lesion composed of irregular hypoechoic masses and mammography showed asymmetric breast tissue. Histopathologic examination of the surgical sample showed a solid to nested proliferation of plasmacytoid cells that showed immunocytochemical positivity for chromogranin A, synaptophysin, CD56, and estrogen receptor. Our case was diagnosed as solid NE carcinoma. Though the findings of fine needle aspiration cytology reflected the histological features, we were not able to cytopathologic grounds only to predict the NE nature of this tumor. We performed immunocytochemistry using Chromogranin A, Synaptophysin, and CD56 on our cytologic smear retrospectively with positive results for all of the markers. When the cytopathologic examination of a given breast neoplasm is suggestive of NE differentiation, immunocytochemical staining for NE markers is generally useful for a correct preoperative diagnosis. An acurate preoperative diagnosis of NE carcinoma on FNAC can be achieved based on its distinctive cytomorphologic and immunocytochemical features. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intraoperative squash cytology of central nervous system lesions: A single center study of 326 cases
Authors: Jaiswal Sushila , Vij Mukul , Jaiswal Awadhesh Kumar , Behari Sanjay 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCytology has been shown to be of great value in intraoperative consultations of central nervous system (CNS) pathology. Intraoperative smear cytology provides a rapid and reliable intraoperative diagnosis and guidance to the neurosurgeon during surgical resection and lesion targeting. It also helps the surgeon to monitor and modify the approach at surgery.The current study was undertaken to assess the accuracy and utility of intraoperative consultations for cytomorphological diagnosis by smear technique and correlate with histopathological diagnosis.A retrospective study of 326 cases of CNS intraoperative consultations was performed. Smears were prepared from the biopsy samples sent in isotonic saline for immediate processing and stained by the Haematoxylin and Eosin method. The cytomorphological features were noted and correlated with final histopathological diagnosis.Concordance between the intraoperative diagnosis and the final diagnosis was seen in 83.7% of cases. We demonstrated >95% accuracy for glioblastomas and >89% accuracy for mennigiomas and schwannomas. A reduction of diagnostic accuracy was seen in oligodendrogliomas (60%) and anaplastic oligodendrogliomas (57.2%).Smear technique is a fairly accurate, relatively safe, rapid, simple, easily reproducible, and cost effective tool to diagnose brain tumors. Smear cytology is of great value in intraoperative consultation of CNS pathology. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular comparison of GLT1+ and ALDH1L1+ astrocytes in vivo in astroglial reporter mice
Authors: Yang Yongjie , Vidensky Svetlana , Jin Lin , Jie Chunfa , Lorenzini Ileana , Frankl Miriam , Rothstein Jeffrey D. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAstrocyte heterogeneity remains largely unknown in the CNS due to lack of specific astroglial markers. In this study, molecular identity of in vivo astrocytes was characterized in BAC ALDH1L1 and BAC GLT1 eGFP promoter reporter transgenic mice. ALDH1L1 promoter is selectively activated in adult cortical and spinal cord astrocytes, indicated by the overlap of eGFP expression with ALDH1L1 and GFAP, but not with NeuN, APC, Olig2, IbaI, PDGFRα immunoreactivity in BAC ALDH1L1 eGFP reporter mice. Interestingly, ALDH1L1 expression levels (protein, mRNA, and promoter activity) in spinal cord were selectively decreased during postnatal maturation. In contrast, its expression was up‐regulated in reactive astrocytes in both acute neural injury and chronic neurodegenerative (G93A mutant SOD1) conditions, similar to GFAP, but opposite of GLT1. ALDH1L1+ and GLT1+ cells isolated through fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) from BAC ALDH1L1 and BAC GLT1 eGFP mice share a highly similar gene expression profile, suggesting ALDH1L1 and GLT1 are co‐expressed in the same population of astrocytes. This observation was further supported by overlap of the eGFP driven by the ALDH1L1 genomic promoter and the tdTomato driven by a 8.3kb EAAT2 promoter fragment in astrocytes of BAC ALDH1L1 eGFP X EAAT2‐tdTomato mice. These studies support ALDH1L1 as a general CNS astroglial marker and investigated astrocyte heterogeneity in the CNS by comparing the molecular identity of the ALDH1L1+ and GLT1+ astrocytes from astroglial reporter mice. These astroglial reporter mice provide useful in vivo tools for the molecular analysis of astrocytes in physiological and pathological conditions. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three‐dimensional modeling method for heat exchange of rotary air preheater in coal‐fired power plant
Authors: Liang Hai‐wen , Xu Zhi‐gao 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA numerical modeling method based on a 3‐D heat transfer model and duct models for a dual‐sectional rotary air preheater have been developed in this paper. Owing to different boundary conditions for the heat transfer model obtained by modeling and calculation of the ducts, this method is capable of calculating the 3‐D metal and fluid temperature fields at different radial locations in the rotary air preheater along the rotor height as well as the rotating period, and furthermore, it can calculate temperature and flow field inside the flow passage as well. A case study with a dual‐sectional rotary air preheater of a typical 300 MWe unit used as the research object is presented in this paper. The calculation results accord well with those obtained by verified numerical methods in published literature. The difference between the calculated and the measured outlet fluid temperature of the rotary air preheater is smaller than 3 °C. The numerical modeling method presented in this paper is proved to have high precision and is beneficial for the secure and economic operation of a rotary air preheater as well as the whole unit. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20325
Current treatment paradigms in the management of lymphatic malformations
Authors: Renton John P. , Smith Richard J. H. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractLymphatic malformations (LMs) are benign abnormalities of the lymphatic system that can be significantly infiltrative and intimately involve critical structures of the head and neck, making their management difficult. Historically, LMs have been managed by surgical excision, but this treatment approach results in significant morbidity and a high recurrence rate secondary to subtotal resection. As an alternative to surgery a variety of drugs have been used as intralesional sclerosants and immunotherapeutics. These agents offer improved outcomes with lower morbidity as compared to surgery when targeted to macrocystic LMs. However intralesional therapy is not effective in the treatment of microcystic LMs. The development of treatments that are effective for all types of LMs will require further understanding of lymphangiogenesis and the pathogenesis of LMs. Laryngoscope, 2011
CATHEDRALS, LAUDIANISM, AND THE BRITISH CHURCHES
Authors: ATHERTON IAN 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTRecent research has argued that English cathedrals, particularly but not exclusively Westminster Abbey, formed a ‘liturgical fifth column’ in the church and were the Trojan horse by which Laudianism – the ceremonial, clericalist, anti-Calvinist policies associated with Charles I and William Laud in the 1620s and 1630s – was introduced into the English church. This article re-examines links between cathedrals and Laudianism, not just in England, but also in the associated Protestant state churches of Charles's other realms: Ireland and Scotland. Laudian divines emphasized cathedrals as liturgical showcases, ‘mother churches’ which their ‘daughters’, the parish churches, should follow in the policy of the ‘beauty of holiness’, particularly the placing, railing of, and reverence to the Laudian altar. However, cathedrals are shown to be more diverse than historians have generally allowed, and Laudian policies are shown to have been grafted on to cathedrals, rather than emerging from them. Caroline cathedrals were more the victims of Laudianism than its midwives.
Partition Narratives: Displaced trauma and culpability among British civil servants in 1940s Punjab
Authors: COOMBS CATHERINE 
Published: November 2010

AbstractGrassroots accounts of the tragic events of partition are increasingly in the spotlight in studies of the transfer of power. This paper approaches the local perspective through the memories of British civil servants during their last few months in Punjab, assessing what these reflections suggest about the mentality of the departing ruling elite. The similarities between these recorded experiences suggest a process of coming to terms with grief and guilt for what they had witnessed through the creation of a narrative of transition from total power to total loss; a simplified imagery of a fully operational and peaceful pre-1947 Punjab descending with shocking suddenness into the violence of partition. This process of shaping memories not only offers an insight into the British civil servant's need for self-affirmation and a reaffirming of their sense of personal as well as professional value, but also has a broader importance in understanding the mentality of a group of people at the heart of pre-partition Punjab, who were instrumental in defining the emerging independent nation.
dmGWAS: dense module searching for genome-wide association studies in protein–protein interaction networks
Authors: Jia Peilin , Zheng Siyuan , Long Jirong , Zheng Wei , Zhao Zhongming 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Motivation: An important question that has emerged from the recent success of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) is how to detect genetic signals beyond single markers/genes in order to explore their combined effects on mediating complex diseases and traits. Integrative testing of GWAS association data with that from prior-knowledge databases and proteome studies has recently gained attention. These methodologies may hold promise for comprehensively examining the interactions between genes underlying the pathogenesis of complex diseases.
Methods: Here, we present a dense module searching (DMS) method to identify candidate subnetworks or genes for complex diseases by integrating the association signal from GWAS datasets into the human protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. The DMS method extensively searches for subnetworks enriched with low P-value genes in GWAS datasets. Compared with pathway-based approaches, this method introduces flexibility in defining a gene set and can effectively utilize local PPI information.
Results: We implemented the DMS method in an R package, which can also evaluate and graphically represent the results. We demonstrated DMS in two GWAS datasets for complex diseases, i.e. breast cancer and pancreatic cancer. For each disease, the DMS method successfully identified a set of significant modules and candidate genes, including some well-studied genes not detected in the single-marker analysis of GWA studies. Functional enrichment analysis and comparison with previously published methods showed that the genes we identified by DMS have higher association signal.
Availability: dmGWAS package and documents are available at http://bioinfo.mc.vanderbilt.edu/dmGWAS.html.
Contact: zhongming.zhao@vanderbilt.edu
Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Classical reflux symptoms, hiatus hernia and overweight independently predict pharyngeal acid exposure in patients with suspected reflux laryngitis
Authors: Lien H. C. , Wang C. C. , Hsu J. Y. , Sung F. C. , Cheng K. F. , Liang W. M. , Kuo H. W. , Lin P. H. , Chang C. S. 
Published: November 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 33: 89–98SummaryBackground  Gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has been associated with reflux laryngitis.Aims  To investigate the risk factors and the predictors of pharyngeal acid reflux (PAR) in Taiwanese patients with suspected reflux laryngitis.Methods  With referral from ENT physicians, 104 patients with symptoms and signs suggestive of reflux laryngitis completed a validated symptom questionnaire, an upper endoscopy exam and ambulatory 24‐h pH tests with three sensors located at the hypopharynx, proximal and distal oesophagus. Patients with one or more episodes of PAR were considered abnormal.Results  Pharyngeal acid reflux was identified in 17% (18/104) of patients. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, PAR was independently associated with classical reflux symptoms [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.5, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0–12.8], hiatus hernia (aOR = 6.7, 95% CI: 1.5–30.2) and overweight (aOR = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.0–11.0). In predicting PAR, classical reflux symptoms had a sensitivity of 78% and hiatus hernia had a specificity of 95%. With all three factors, the positive predictive value for PAR was 80%. Classical reflux symptoms included heartburn, chest pain, dyspepsia and acid regurgitation.Conclusions  Classical reflux symptoms, hiatus hernia and overweight are independent risk factors that may predict pharyngeal acid reflux in patients with suspected reflux laryngitis.