bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Something Sensational … The Sexual Diary as a Tool for Mapping Detailed Sexual Behaviour
Authors: Coxon Tony 
Published: August 2011

Reliable information about the detail and context of sexual behaviour is crucial for describing high-risk behaviours for the transmission of Aids/HIV, and for estimating parameters of epidemiological models. It is possible to adapt the method of systematic diary-keeping to this end and develop a tool which is also close to the subject's conceptions of the ‘chunks’ of sexual behaviour. The structure of reports of sexual behaviour is viewed as akin to linguistic structure, with a basic unit of the sexual act built into a ‘session’. Such structure leads naturally to a coding system which allows natural language accounts to be represented symbolically, and parsed and analysed formally. The coded version is easily learnt and used, and is incomprehensible to outsiders. Examples are given of its use to collect systematic data on homosexual and bisexual behaviour.
WHEN DOES FALSEHOOD PRECLUDE KNOWLEDGE?
Authors: FEIT NEIL , CULLISON ANDREW 
Published: August 2011

AbstractFalsehood can preclude knowledge in many ways. A false proposition cannot be known. A false ground can prevent knowledge of a truth, or so we argue, but not every false ground deprives its subject of knowledge. A falsehood that is not a ground for belief can also prevent knowledge of a truth. This paper provides a systematic account of just when falsehood precludes knowledge, and hence when it does not. We present the paper as an approach to the Gettier problem and arrive at a relatively simple theory with virtues linked to several issues at the heart of contemporary epistemology.
PERSPECTIVE‐NEUTRAL INTRINSIC VALUE
Authors: KLOCKSIEM JUSTIN 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIs it possible to do a good thing, or to make the world a better place? Some argue that it is not possible, because perspective‐neutral value does not exist. Some argue that ‘good’ does not play the right grammatical role; or that all good things are good ‘in a way’; or that goodness is inherently perspective‐dependent. I argue that the logical and semantic properties of ‘good’ are what we should expect of an evaluative predicate; that the many ways of being good don't threaten the thesis that some ways are perspective‐independent; and that there are clear examples of perspective‐independent goodness.
THE CONCEPT OF ENTITLEMENT AND ITS EPISTEMIC RELEVANCE
Authors: VAHID HAMID 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCrispin Wright has recently suggested that, in addition to the notion of justification, we also possess a non‐evidential notion of warrant, ‘entitlement’, that can play an important role in responding to various skeptical questions. My concern here is with the question of whether entitlement constitutes an epistemic kind of warrant. I claim Wright's argument for this thesis at most shows that entitlement has a pragmatic character. Having identified the sources of the troubles of this argument in its underlying assumptions, I examine and criticize a number of attempts that have sought to substantiate those assumptions. I offer some suggestions as to how one can improve on Wright's account and make some general observations about the prospects of showing that entitlement is an epistemic type of warrant.
DISENABLING LEVY'S FRANKFURT‐STYLE ENABLING CASES
Authors: HAJI ISHTIYAQUE , MCKENNA MICHAEL 
Published: August 2011

AbstractRecently, Neil Levy has proposed that an agent can acquire freedom‐relevant agential abilities by virtue of the conditions in which she finds herself, and in this way, can be thought of as partially constituted by those conditions. This can be so even if the agent is completely ignorant of the relevant environmental conditions, and even if these conditions play no causal role in what the agent does. Drawing upon these resources, Levy argues that Frankfurt‐style examples are not cogent. In this paper, we explain why his argument fails.
Patients’ experiences in hospital following a liver transplantation
Authors: Nåden Dagfinn , Bjørk Ida Torunn 
Published: August 2011

Scand J Caring Sci; 2012; 26; 169–177Patients’ experiences in hospital following a liver transplantationResearch is scarce regarding patients’ experiences, feelings and thoughts the first 4 weeks after liver transplantation. Most research involving patients with a liver transplant are conducted several months, or even years, after the transplantation. The aim of this study is to present results from research interviews that took place post‐transplant while patients still were in hospital. The design is explorative and hermeneutic. Fifteen patients were interviewed 3–5 weeks after transplantation. The results are presented in the following themes: (i) general contentment with the hospital stay, (ii) physical discomfort, (iii) dreams, nightmares and hallucinations, (iv) Comedowns experienced during rejection of the transplant and (v) Other psychological/mental reactions. A major result from our study is patients’ own descriptions of comedowns experienced during rejection of the transplant, and the seemingly little consolation and support the patients received. Another major result is patients’ own descriptions of dreams, nightmares and hallucinations, which are not fully described from the patients’ own perspective while still in hospital.
Intravenous Administration of Magnesium and Potassium Solution Lowers Energy Levels and Increases Success Rates Electrically Cardioverting Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: SULTAN ARIAN , STEVEN DANIEL , ROSTOCK THOMAS , HOFFMANN BORIS , MÜLLERLEILE KAI , SERVATIUS HELGE , DREWITZ IMKE , LÜKER JAKOB , MEYER PHILIP , SALUKHE TUSHAR , WILLEMS STEPHAN 
Published: August 2011

Intravenous Electrolytes Increase Success Rate of Cardioversion.Background:External biphasic electrical cardioversion (CV) is a standard treatment option for patients suffering from acute symptoms of atrial fibrillation (AF). Nevertheless, CV is not always successful, and thus strategies to increase the success rate are desirable.Objective:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of intravenously administered K/Mg solution on the biphasic CV energy threshold and success rate to restore sinus rhythm (SR) in patients with AF.Methods:The study consisted of 170 patients with persistent AF. The patients were randomly assigned to undergo biphasic CV either with (n = 84) or without (n = 86) pretreatment with K/Mg solution. An energy step‐up protocol of 75, 100, and 150 W (J) was used.Results:Biphasic CV of AF was effective in 81 (96.4%) patients in the pretreatment and 74 (86.0%) patients in the control group (P = 0.005). The effective energy level required to achieve SR was significantly lower in the pretreated group (140.8 ± 26.9 J vs 182.5 ± 52.2 J, P = 0.02). No K/Mg‐solution‐associated side effects such as hypotension or bradycardia were observed.Conclusion:Administration of K/Mg solution positively influences the success rate of CV in patients with persistent AF. Furthermore, significantly less energy is required to successfully restore SR and therefore K/Mg pretreatment may facilitate SR restoration in patients undergoing CV for AF.(J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 23, pp. 54‐59, January 2012)
A novel rapid oral bacteria detection apparatus for effective oral care to prevent pneumonia
Authors: Kikutani Takeshi , Tamura Fumiyo , Takahashi Yukihiro , Konishi Kiyoshi , Hamada Ryo 
Published: August 2011

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00517.xA novel rapid oral bacteria detection apparatus for effective oral care to prevent pneumoniaObjective:  To clarify the oral environment, we evaluated the usefulness and clinical applicability of a new apparatus developed for the simple and rapid quantification of oral bacteria.Background:  Professional oral health care can reduce the number of oral bacteria and days of fever and inhibit the development of pneumonia. A novel detection apparatus was developed by applying the dielectrophoretic impedance measurement method.Methods:  First, to determine the accuracy of this apparatus, employing standard samples of Escherichia coli. Next, to evaluate the oral environment, samples were taken from the tongue in elderly (mean age: 86.6 years) in nursing home.Results:  In the first study, a good correlation was observed between the two methods (R = 0.999). In the second study, there were significant correlations between measurement values obtained using this apparatus and those obtained by the culture method (R = 0.852), as well as those obtained by the FM method (R = 0.885).Conclusion:  Our data showed that this rapid oral bacterial detection apparatus is effective in evaluating the oral hygiene to prevent pneumonia in the elderly.
Design, Synthesis, Biological Activities, and 3D‐QSAR of New N,N′‐Diacylhydrazines Containing 2‐(2,4‐dichlorophenoxy)propane Moiety
Authors: Liu Xing‐Hai , Pan Li , Ma Yi , Weng Jian‐Quan , Tan Cheng‐Xia , Li Yong‐Hong , Shi Yan‐Xia , Li Bao‐Ju , Li Zheng‐Ming , Zhang Yong‐Gang 
Published: August 2011

A series of new N,N′‐diacylhydrazine derivatives were synthesized efficiently under microwave irradiation. Their structures were characterized by 1H NMR, MS, and elemental analysis. Various biological activities of these compounds were tested. Most of them exhibited higher herbicidal activities against dicotyledonous weeds than monocotyledonous weeds. In addition, favorable in vivo fungicidal activities were also found of these compounds against Cladosporium cucumerinum, Corynespora cassiicola, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum(Lib.)de Bary, Erysiphe cichoracearum, and Colletotrichum orbiculare (Berk aLMont) Arx. All compounds displayed excellent plant growth regulatory activities: 100% inhibition was achieved against the radicle growth of cucumber. To further investigate the structure–activity relationship, comparative molecular field analysis was performed on the basis of herbicidal activity data, resulting in a statistically reliable model with good predictive power (r2 = 0.913, q2 = 0.556). Based on the calculation, five additional novel compounds were designed and synthesized. Satisfyingly, compound 4u displayed excellent herbicidal activity (94.7%) at 1500 g/ha, although it is less active than 2,4‐D. Meanwhile, this compound also exhibited good fungicidal activity against C. orbiculare (Berk aLMont) Arx (82.16%).
Otitis media‐interna and secondary meningitis associated withCorynebacterium pseudotuberculosisinfection in a horse
Authors: Rand C. L. , Hall T. L. , Aleman M. , Spier S. J. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryA one‐year‐old Thoroughbred colt was evaluated because of facial nerve paralysis, ataxia and fever. Neurological evaluation found the colt to be obtunded andgrade 3/5ataxic in all 4 limbs. Right‐sided facial nerve paralysis was present and a large, deep corneal ulcer noted in the right eye. Signs of vestibular disease were also present, including circling towards the right and horizontal nystagmus. A complete blood count showed mild leucocytosis, neutrophilia and hyperfibrinogenaemia. A computed tomography (CT) examination of the skull was performed under general anaesthesia and a diagnosis of right sided otitis media‐interna was made. Culture of fluid taken from the middle ear and cerebrospinal fluid collected from the atlanto‐occipital site yielded pure growth ofCorynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Initial therapy consisted of antimicrobial treatment with cefotaxime and anti‐inflammatory treatment with flunixin meglumine. Six days after initiating treatment, the colt developedClostridium difficileassociated colitis. The colitis resolved with supportive care and the colt was discharged from the hospital receiving chloramphenicol. Eight months later, the colt continued to be mildly ataxic (grade 1/5), with a slight head tilt and facial nerve paralysis. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of otitis media‐interna due toC. pseudotuberculosisin the horse.
SECOND ORDER FACTORS AND THE ORGANIZATION OF COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS
Authors: Bernyer G. 
Published: August 2011

The object of the following inquiry is to compare the results obtained by factorizing the same set of data according to (i) Thurstone's method of “oblique simple structure” and (ii) Burt's method of “overlapping” and “subdivided” group factors. For this purpose the correlations between Thurstone's oblique factors were made the basis of an analysis into what he has called “second order factors” and a simple working procedure was devised which enables the investigator to transform the oblique factors into a factor pattern including both general and group factors.Two batteries of tests, differing slightly in their composition, have been applied to two different groups. With both sets of data much the same factors were ultimately obtained with both procedures; and the factor pattern was fully consistent with Burt's theory of a “hierarchical classification” leading to “subdivided group factors”. Thus the results obtained by Thurstone's procedure, when carried to its logical completion, so far from being incompatible with Burt's theory of a hierarchical classification by subdivided factors, tends to confirm it.
Foundations of factor analysis: Some practical implications
Authors: Bartholomew D. J. 
Published: August 2011

The paper discusses some practical implications of a new approach to factor analysis expounded in Bartholomew (1984). The problem with which it deals may be posed in the following way. Given p variables measured on n individuals, to find one or more functions of these variables which, in some sense, effectively summarize what is common to the larger set. It was shown in the earlier paper that, under fairly general conditions, such a summarization can efficiently be achieved by linear functions of the manifest variables. Here, the consequences of this result are explored in relation to such matters as rotation of axes, factor scores, non‐linear and hierarchical factor analysis.The conclusion reached is that while almost all of the existing numerical methods relating to the estimation of factor models remain relevant, the presentation and interpretation of the results is substantially modified. In particular, the focus is shifted from unobservable factors to observable functions of the data and the distinction between orthogonal and oblique rotations has no significance.
Analysis of variance versus randomization tests—a comparison
Authors: Bradbury Ian 
Published: August 2011

Following the discussion by Still & White (1981), an investigation of the properties of approximate randomization tests used in place of analysis of variance is presented.Errors in Still & White have been corrected and explanations are offered for some of the consequent discoveries. As a result of this, more reserved conclusions about the power of the approximate randomization test relative to the usual F test are made.
Statistical modelling of one‐mode and two‐mode networks: Simultaneous analysis of graphs and bipartite graphs
Authors: Wasserman Stanley , Iacobucci Dawn 
Published: August 2011

A bipartite graph, in which the nodes (or actors in a social network) are partitioned into two sets, can be studied using recent statistical models for dyadic interactions. These models, which are loglinear for the probabilities of dyadic choices or interactions, allow not only arcs or relationships to exist between the sets but also within the sets. Thus, the methods described here are applicable not only to bipartite graphs, consisting of arcs existing between nodes in different sets, but also to directed graphs that are defined within the two sets of nodes. Data on both types of graphs can be analysed simultaneously.A bipartite graph has an adjacency matrix (or sociomatrix) with two ‘modes’. The set of nodes in the row mode differs from the set of nodes in the column mode. For example, in marketing, one could study the dyadic relations in a ‘buyers‐by‐sellers’ network. Generally, the relations observed in a one‐mode network, which has a square sociomatrix (row mode = column mode) are bidirectional—the actors indexing the columns may also ‘relate to’ the actors indexing the rows. The relations observed in a two‐mode network are generally unidirectional—the row actors relate to or choose the column actors, but the column actors do not relate to the row actors. Referring to our example, a buyer might pay a seller for some item, but a seller would not pay a buyer.Statistical models for the separate analysis of these one‐mode and two‐mode matrices are extended in this paper to the simultaneous analysis of both types of networks. A superordinate one‐mode sociomatrix is created in which the rows and columns consist of all actors (that is, all buyers and sellers). This larger matrix contains both the one‐mode matrices and the two‐mode matrices. Multivariate analysis of unidirectional and bidirectional relations in social networks and complex directed graphs becomes possible with this simultaneous consideration of both types of matrices.
Comparison of a New Multiplex Binding Assay versus the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Measurement of Serotype-Specific Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharide IgG
Authors: Goldblatt David , Ashton Lindsey , Zhang Yuhua , Antonello Joseph , Marchese Rocio D. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTThe measurement of serotype-specific anti-capsular polysaccharide antibodies remains the mainstay of pneumococcal (Pn) vaccine evaluation. New methods that allow the simultaneous measurement of antibodies to several antigens in small volumes of serum, and that agree well with existing techniques, are urgently required to support the increasing number of concomitant vaccines delivered in the infant immunization schedules and the use of extended-valency Pn vaccines. We therefore compared a relatively new multiplexed platform for measuring anti-Pn antibodies with the existing WHO consensus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A panel of 50 pediatric samples (34 collected after receipt of a heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine [PCV7] and 16 without PCV7) was analyzed across two different laboratories using a new multiplex electrochemiluminescence (ECL)-based detection assay developed for the quantitation of IgG serotype-specific antipneumococcal antibodies, and the results were compared to those obtained using the WHO consensus ELISA. For the seven serotypes measured, there was good agreement between the techniques and laboratories. The most notable difference was found between the ECL assay and the ELISA: concentrations tended to be higher in the ECL assay. For serotypes 6B, 9V, 18C, and 23F, the average increases in concentration ranged from 48 to 102%. However, the agreement rates on the proportions of samples with concentrations surrounding 0.35 μg/ml were >82% for all serotypes tested. Agreement between the two laboratories running the ECL assay was generally good: agreement on proportions of samples with concentrations surrounding 0.35 μg/ml was in excess of 92%, and agreement on average antibody concentrations was within 31%. We conclude that the Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) platform provides a promising new technique for the simultaneous measurement of antipneumococcal antibodies.
Evaluation of Six Commercial Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests for Detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Other Neisseria Species
Authors: Tabrizi Sepehr N. , Unemo Magnus , Limnios Athena E. , Hogan Tiffany R. , Hjelmevoll Stig-Ove , Garland Susanne M. , Tapsall John 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACT

Molecular detection of
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
in extragenital samples may result in false-positive results due to cross-reaction with commensal
Neisseria
species or
Neisseria meningitidis
. This study examined 450 characterized clinical culture isolates, comprising 216
N. gonorrhoeae
isolates and 234 isolates of nongonococcal
Neisseria
species (
n
= 218) and 16 isolates of other closely related bacteria, with six commercial nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs). The six NAATs tested were Gen-Probe APTIMA COMBO 2 and APTIMA GC, Roche COBAS Amplicor CT/NG and COBAS 4800 CT/NG tests, BD ProbeTec GC Qx amplified DNA assay, and Abbott RealTime CT/NG test. All assays except COBAS Amplicor CT/NG test where four (1.9%) isolates were not detected showed a positive result with all
N. gonorrhoeae
isolates (
n
= 216). Among the 234 nongonococcal isolates examined, initial results from all assays displayed some false-positive results due to cross-reactions. Specifically, the COBAS Amplicor and ProbeTec tests showed the highest number of false-positive results, detecting 33 (14.1%) and 26 (11%) nongonococcal
Neisseria
isolates, respectively. On the first testing, APTIMA COMBO 2, APTIMA GC, Abbott RealTime, and Roche COBAS 4800 showed lower level of cross-reactions with five (2.1%), four (1.7%), two (1%), and two (1%) of the isolates showing low-level positivity, respectively. Upon retesting of these nine nongonococcal isolates using freshly cultured colonies, none were positive by the APTIMA COMBO 2, Abbott RealTime, or COBAS 4800 test. In conclusion, the COBAS Amplicor and ProbeTec tests displayed high number of false-positive results, while the remaining NAATs showed only sporadic low-level false-positive results. Supplementary testing for confirmation of
N. gonorrhoeae
NAATs remains recommended with all samples tested, in particular those from extragenital sites.
Situs inversus totalis and secondary biliary cirrhosis: a case report
Authors: Sökmen Hacı Mehmet , Özdil Kamil , Çalhan Turan , Şahin Abdurrahman , Şenateş Ebubekir , Kahraman Resul , Niğdelioğlu Adil , Zemheri Ebru 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Situs inversus totalis is is a congenital anomaly associated with various visceral abnormalities, but there is no data about the relationship between secondary biliary cirrhosis and that condition. We here present a case of a 58 year-old female with situs inversus totalis who was admitted to our clinic with extrahepatic cholestasis. After excluding all potential causes of biliary cirrhosis, secondary biliary cirrhosis was diagnosed based on the patient's history, imaging techniques, clinical and laboratory findings, besides histolopathological findings. After treatment with tauroursodeoxycholic acid, all biochemical parameters, including total/direct bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and gama glutamyl transferase, returned to normal ranges at the second month of the treatment. We think that this is the first case in literature that may indicate the development of secondary biliary cirrhosis in a patient with situs inversus totalis. In conclusion, situs inversus should be considered as a rare cause of biliary cirrhosis in patients with situs inversus totalis which is presented with extrahepatic cholestasis.
Update on External Beam Radiation Therapy in Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Brierley James D. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractSurgery is the mainstay of treatment for thyroid cancer. The role for external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) as an adjuvant to surgery or as the primary therapy is established in anaplastic thyroid cancer but is controversial in differentiated thyroid cancer and uncertain in medullary thyroid cancer. This update reviews the recent reported success of combining EBRT with taxanes in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Also discussed are the recent reports from large single institutions that support the recommendations of the American and British Thyroid Associations on the use of EBRT in high-risk differentiated thyroid cancer. Further evidence on the role of EBRT in MTC is discussed. The important advances in the delivery of EBRT using intensity-modulated radiation and image-guided radiation that result in more accurate and potentially more effective radiation therapy with less toxicity are also discussed.