bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Major Problems in Clinical Psychological Science and How to Address them. Introducing a Multimodal Dynamical Network Approach
Authors: Westhoff Marlon , Berg Max , Reif Andreas , Rief Winfried , Hofmann Stefan G. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Despite impressive dissemination programs of best-practice therapies, clinical psychology faces obstacles in developing more efficacious treatments for mental disorders. In contrast to other medical disciplines, psychotherapy has made only slow progress in improving treatment outcomes. Improvements in the classification of mental disorders could enhance the tailoring of treatments to improve effectiveness. We introduce a multimodal dynamical network approach, to address some of the challenges faced by clinical research. These challenges include the absence of a comprehensive meta-theory, comorbidity, substantial diagnostic heterogeneity, violations of ergodicity assumptions, and a limited understanding of causal processes.

Methods
Through the application of multimodal dynamical network analysis, we describe how to advance clinical research by addressing central problems in the field. By utilizing dynamic network analysis techniques (e.g., Group Iterative Multiple Model Estimation, multivariate Granger causality), multimodal measurements (i.e., psychological, psychopathological, and neurobiological data), intensive longitudinal data collection (e.g., Ecological Momentary Assessment), and causal inference methods (e.g., GIMME), our approach could improve the comprehension and treatment of mental disorders. Under the umbrella of the systems approach and utilizing e.g., graph theory and control theory, we aim to integrate data from longitudinal, multimodal measurements.

Results
The multimodal dynamical network approach enables a comprehensive understanding of mental disorders as dynamic networks of interconnected symptoms. It dismantles artificial diagnostic boundaries, facilitating a transdiagnostic view of psychopathology. The integration of longitudinal data and causal inference techniques enhances our ability to identify influential nodes, prioritize interventions, and predict the impact of therapeutic strategies.

Conclusion
The proposed approach could improve psychological treatment by providing individualized models of psychopathology and by suggesting individual treatment angles.
Numerical simulations of shallow-water sloshing coupled to horizontal vessel motion in the presence of a time-dependent porous baffle
Authors: Turner M. R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractShallow-water fluid sloshing in the Lagrangian Particle Path formulation, with the addition of an energy-extracting porous baffle, is simulated numerically using a symplectic numerical scheme which captures, in an essential way, the energy exchange. The fluid motion in a rectangular vessel is dynamically coupled to a surface-piercing porous baffle. The fluid transmission through the baffle is characterized by a nonlinear Darcy–Forchheimer model equation. The numerical scheme is symplectic, based on the implicit-midpoint rule, and thus is strategically designed to maintain the energy partition between the fluid and vessel throughout numerous time steps. Our results demonstrate the non-conservative nature of the system, with the porous baffle effectively dissipating energy from the overall system. Furthermore, we present findings that demonstrate the role of time-periodic variations in baffle porosity on energy dissipation. By manipulating the frequency and magnitude of this time-dependent variability, it is established that a greater amount of energy can be extracted from the system compared with the optimal fixed porosity baffle. These results shed new light on potential strategies for enhancing energy dissipation in such configurations.
Buckling phenomenon of vertical beam/column of variable density carrying a top mass
Authors: Turkyilmazoglu Mustafa 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on modeling ideal nonuniform standing beams and towers supporting a constant top mass. We also analyze their dynamical stability, as determining the design parameters influencing their shape and stability holds significant value for structural engineering. Initially, we employ a statical mechanics approach to balance the mechanical and gravitational forces. By solving an initial-value problem, we derive the cross-sectional areas of the columns. Our findings reveal that these areas, rather than the shapes, are the primary contributors to the engineering performance of the columns. Additionally, the top mass acts as a multiplying factor for the cross-sectional areas, and the density distribution along the column determines whether the top should be heavier or lighter. Furthermore, we demonstrate that exponential, parabolic, or linear cross-sections with significantly wider base profiles are crucial for accommodating heavier top loads. Moving on to the dynamical analysis, we consider two ideal tower configurations: FC and SC. Numerical and analytical results reveal that higher modes exhibit shorter amplitudes. FC modes necessitate higher design parameters to resist buckling phenomena, whereas SC modes show lower resistance to vibrational deflections. In terms of stability, a heavier top mass enhances the vertical beam’s stability, while towers with parabolic bases are more susceptible to instabilities.
Projectively induced Kähler cones over regular Sasakian manifolds
Authors: Marini Stefano , Tardini Nicoletta , Zedda Michela 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMotivated by a conjecture in Loi et al. (Math Zeit 290:599–613, 2018) we prove that the Kähler cone over a regular complete Sasakian manifold is Ricci-flat and projectively induced if and only if it is flat. We also obtain that, up to $$\mathcal D_a$$

D
a

—homothetic transformations, Kähler cones over homogeneous compact Sasakian manifolds are projectively induced. As main tool we provide a relation between the Kähler potentials of the transverse Kähler metric and of the cone metric.
Zonular fibre Insertion-to-Limbus Distance (ZLD): normative data to assess lens position and diagnose ectopia lentis
Authors: Rohrberg Max , Lussac Vanessa , Salchow Daniel J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Subluxation of the crystalline lens (Ectopia Lentis, EL) can lead to significant visual impairment and serves as a diagnostic criterion for genetic disorders such as the Marfan syndrome. There is no established criterion to diagnose and quantify EL. We prospectively investigated the distance between the zonular fibre insertion and the limbus (ZLD) in healthy subjects as a parameter to assess the position of the lens, quantify EL and provide normative data.

Methods
This prospective, observational, cross-sectional study includes one-hundred-fifty eyes of 150 healthy participants (mean age 28 years, range 4–68). Pupils were dilated with tropicamide 0.5% and phenylephrine 2.5% eyedrops. ZLD was measured in mydriasis at the slit lamp as the distance between the most central visible insertions of the zonular fibres on the lens surface and the corneoscleral limbus. Vertical pupil diameter (PD) and refractive error were recorded. If zonular fibre insertions were not visible, the distance between limbus and the pupillary margin was recorded as ZLD.

Results
145 right and 5 left eyes were examined. 93% of study subjects were Caucasian, 7% were Asian. In eyes with visible zonular fibre insertions (n = 76 eyes), ZLD was 1.30 ± 0.28 mm (mean ± SD, range 0.7–2.1) and PD was 8.79 ± 0.57 mm (7.5–9.8). In the remaining 74 eyes, ZLD was 1.38 ± 0.28 mm (0.7–2.1), and PD was 8.13 ± 0.58 mm (6.7–9.4). For all eyes, ZLD was 1.34 ± 0.29 mm (0.7–2.1), and PD was 8.47 ± 0.66 mm (6.7–9.8). Refractive error and sex did not significantly affect ZLD. Smaller PD and older age were associated with larger ZLD (P < 0.001 and P = 0.036, respectively).

Conclusion
Average ZLD was 1.34 mm in eyes of healthy subjects. Older age correlated with larger ZLD. These normative data will aid in diagnosing and quantifying EL.
Evaluation of anterior segment parameters between pregnancy trimesters and postpartum with pentacam scheimflug ımaging: a prospective study
Authors: Erkan Pota Çisil , Çetinkaya Yaprak Aslı 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the effect of pregnancy on the anterior chamber, corneal parameter, and intraocular pressure measurements; and compare the results between trimesters, postpartum and non-pregnant healthy age-matched women.

Methods
This prospective study included 41 pregnant women and 53 non-pregnant women. Four measurements were taken from the pregnant women, in each trimester and postpartum third month, and once from the control group. Of the individuals included in the study, anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), K1 (flat keratometry), K2 (steep keratometry), Kmean (mean value of K1 and K2), anterior chamber angle (ACA), central corneal thickness (CCT), thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), astigmatism value (AST), corneal volume (CV), biometry, axial length (AL), spherical equivalent (SFEQ), intraocular lens power (ILP), VA (visual acuity) datas were recorded.

Results
We observed a statistically significant decrease in K2, CCT, ACD, AL and CV in the postpartum period (p = 0.025, p < 0.001, p = 0.029, p = 0.005, p = 0.004 respectively) and a statistically significant increase in ACV, CCT, and TCT as the gestational week progressed in the pregnant group (p = 0.007, p < 0.001, p = 0.025, respectively). A statistically significant decrease in IOP towards to the third trimester, and an increase in the postpartum period was observed (p < 0.001). We did not observe statistically significant changes in K1, Kmean, AST, ACA, VA, ILP, and SFEQ values.

Conclusion
It is important to investigate the physiological changes that may occur during pregnancy, distinguish them from pathological changes, and avoid unnecessary treatment. We consider that it’s also important to guide the timing of anterior segment surgeries such as cataract and refractive surgery and to prescribe glasses/contact lenses.
Modelling forest fire dynamics using conditional variational autoencoders
Authors: Ribeiro Tiago Filipe Rodrigues , Silva Fernando José Mateus da , Costa Rogério Luís de Carvalho 
Published: June 2024

AbstractForest fires have far-reaching consequences, threatening human life, economic stability, and the environment. Understanding the dynamics of forest fires is crucial, especially in high-incidence regions. In this work, we apply deep networks to simulate the spatiotemporal progression of the area burnt in a forest fire. We tackle the region interpolation problem challenge by using a Conditional Variational Autoencoder (CVAE) model and generate in-between representations on the evolution of the burnt area. We also apply a CVAE model to forecast the progression of fire propagation, estimating the burnt area at distinct horizons and propagation stages. We evaluate our approach against other established techniques using real-world data. The results demonstrate that our method is competitive in geometric similarity metrics and exhibits superior temporal consistency for in-between representation generation. In the context of burnt area forecasting, our approach achieves scores of 90% for similarity and 99% for temporal consistency. These findings suggest that CVAE models may be a viable alternative for modeling the spatiotemporal evolution of 2D moving regions of forest fire evolution.
Modelling and comparing the use of IVF and ICSI in Australia
Authors: Mazi Maria , James Georgina , Temple-Smith Peter , Mol Ben W. J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study estimates the need of IVF/ICSI in Australia as compared to its actual uptake.

Methods
We created a model estimating for the annual demand for IVF/ICSI in a hypothetical infertile population, using demographic data from medical literature and Australian government databases. For each category of infertility (tubal, severe male, endometriosis, anovulation and unexplained), our estimated need for IVF/ICSI was compared to the actual IVF/ICSI uptake (ANZARD 2019). The model consisted of three categories depending on couples’ cause of infertility, i.e. couples with absolute indications for IVF/ICSI (couples with severe male factor infertility and tubal obstruction); couples with anovulatory infertility (couples with ovulation disorders) and couples with ovulatory infertility (couples suffering from unexplained infertility and endometriosis). The model was applied to each of these categories to determine the number of couples that would require IVF/ICSI treatment after failing to conceive naturally or after following alternative treatment plans. The main outcomes of this study were the estimate of IVF/ICSI cycles and the difference between the estimate and the reported number of IVF/ICSI cycles (2019 ANZARD report).

Results
We estimated that approximately 35,300 couples required IVF/ICSI treatment in Australia in 2019, while in 2019 according to ANZARD, 46,000 couples underwent IVF/ICSI. A higher uptake of IVF/ICSI cycles than expected was specifically reported in couples with unexplained infertility, ovulation disorders and endometriosis, while for tubal and severe male infertility uptake seemed adequate.

Conclusion
In Australia, there seems to be overservicing of IVF/ICSI, specifically for unexplained, ovulatory and endometriosis-related infertility.
Minute ventilation sensor–driven rate response as a part of cardiac resynchronization therapy optimization in older patients
Authors: Karvonen Jarkko , Lehto Sanni , Lenz Corinna , Beaudoint Caroline , Oyeniran Sola , Kayser Torsten , Vikman Saila , Pakarinen Sami 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Chronotropic incompetence (CI) is common among elderly cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemaker (CRT-P) patients on optimal medical therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of optimized rate-adaptive pacing utilizing the minute ventilation (MV) sensor on exercise tolerance.

Methods
In a prospective, multicenter study, older patients (median age 76 years) with a guideline-based indication for CRT were evaluated following CRT-P implantation. If there was no documented CI, requiring clinically rate-responsive pacing, the device was programmed DDD at pre-discharge. At 1 month, a 6-min walk test (6MWT) was conducted. If the maximum heart rate was < 100 bpm or < 80% of the age-predicted maximum, the response was considered CI. Patients with CI were programmed with DDDR. At 3 months post-implant, the 6MWT was repeated in the correct respective programming mode. In addition, heart rate score (HRSc, defined as the percentage of all sensed and paced atrial events in the single tallest 10 bpm histogram bin) was assessed at 1 and 3 months.

Results
CI was identified in 46/61 (75%) of patients without prior indication at enrollment. MV sensor–based DDDR mode increased heart rate in CI patients similarly to non-CI patients with intrinsically driven heart rates during 6MWT. Walking distance increased substantially with DDDR (349 ± 132 m vs. 376 ± 128 m at 1 and 3 months, respectively, p < 0.05). Furthermore, DDDR reduced HRSc by 14% (absolute reduction, p < 0.001) in those with more severe CI, i.e., HRSc ≥ 70%.

Conclusion
Exercise tolerance in older CRT-P patients can be further improved by the utilization of an MV sensor.

Graphical Abstract
The study of the dependence of dielectric properties, electric modulus, and ac conductivity on the frequency and voltage in the Au/(CdTe:PVA)/n-Si (MPS) structures
Authors: Güçlü Ç. Ş. , Altındal Ş. , Ulusoy M. , Tezcan A. Eroğlu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe dielectric properties, electric modulus, loss tangent (tanδ), and ac conductivity of the fabricated Au/(CdTe:PVA)/n-Si (MPS) structures were investigated in wide-range frequency. By using the capacitance/conductance–voltage–frequency (C/G-V-f) measurements, the real/imaginary components of complex dielectric constant (εʹ, εʺ)/electrical modulus ($$M{\prime}$$

M
′

, $$M{\prime}{\prime}$$

M
′
′

), loss tangent (tanδ), and σac were calculated in wide-range frequency (2 kHz–0.7 MHZ) and voltage (± 2.5 V), and all results show that these parameters are a strong function of voltage and frequency. The observed decreases of εʹ and εʺ with increasing frequency were attributed to the existence of Nss, interlayer, and dipole polarizations. The value of εʹ was calculated as 128.38 (at 2 kHz and 2.5 V), which is quite higher than the maximum value of traditional SiO2. ln(σac)–ln(f) plot for 0.7 V shows three linear parts, indicating three different conduction mechanisms at low, intermediate, and high frequencies. These results show that the fabricated MPS structures can be successfully used instead of traditional metal–insulator–semiconductor as ultra-capacitors, which can use more electronic charges or energy.
Purpose in Life and Associated Cognitive and Affective Mechanisms
Authors: Fang Louis , Allan Alfred , Dickson Joanne M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurpose in life is a well-established contributor to positive well-being. However, for a more comprehensive understanding of purpose in life, further exploration is needed about the processes implicated in purpose from a cognitive and affective perspective. This scoping review aims to identify the cognitive and/or affective mechanisms (CAMs) correlating with purpose in life and to examine these relationships based on relevant existing literature. Using search terms related to CAMs and purpose in life, we conducted a comprehensive search across five databases (Web of Science, Medline, Pubmed, Scopus, and psycinfo) to identify those examining the relationship between these constructs. Ninety-nine manuscripts were selected for inclusion. Within these studies, 33 CAMs showed predominantly positive and significant associations with purpose in life. Our findings highlighted the cams empirically and theoretically implicated in purpose development, maintenance, and its association to positive wellbeing. We identified several gaps in current research including issues related to suboptimal measurement of purpose in life, and a lack of longitudinal and intervention studies. Overall, this study represents a foundational step in advancing an understanding CAMs implicated in purpose in life. This scoping review usefully informs the development and validation of future purpose in life measures, and the design of interventions aimed at enhancing purpose in life and wellbeing.
Rat Models of Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Nicotra Raquel , Lutz Catrin , Messal Hendrik A. , Jonkers Jos 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of breast cancer among women worldwide, accounting for 70–80% of all invasive cases. Patients with HR+ BC are commonly treated with endocrine therapy, but intrinsic or acquired resistance is a frequent problem, making HR+ BC a focal point of intense research. Despite this, the malignancy still lacks adequate in vitro and in vivo models for the study of its initiation and progression as well as response and resistance to endocrine therapy. No mouse models that fully mimic the human disease are available, however rat mammary tumor models pose a promising alternative to overcome this limitation. Compared to mice, rats are more similar to humans in terms of mammary gland architecture, ductal origin of neoplastic lesions and hormone dependency status. Moreover, rats can develop spontaneous or induced mammary tumors that resemble human HR+ BC. To date, six different types of rat models of HR+ BC have been established. These include the spontaneous, carcinogen-induced, transplantation, hormone-induced, radiation-induced and genetically engineered rat mammary tumor models. Each model has distinct advantages, disadvantages and utility for studying HR+ BC. This review provides a comprehensive overview of all published models to date.
Stabilizing Discontinuous Galerkin Methods Using Dafermos’ Entropy Rate Criterion: II—Systems of Conservation Laws and Entropy Inequality Predictors
Authors: Klein Simon-Christian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA novel approach for the stabilization of the Discontinuous Galerkin method based on the Dafermos entropy rate crition is presented. First, estimates for the maximal possible entropy dissipation rate of a weak solution are derived. Second, families of conservative Hilbert–Schmidt operators are identified to dissipate entropy. Steering these operators using the bounds on the entropy dissipation results in high-order accurate shock-capturing DG schemes for the one-dimensional Euler equations, satisfying the entropy rate criterion and an entropy inequality. Other testcases include the one-dimensional Buckley–Leverett equation.
A Paradox of School Social Organization: Positive School Climate, Friendship Network Density, and Adolescent Violence
Authors: Pinchak Nicolo P. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSchools are often encouraged to foster a positive climate to reduce adolescent violence, but evidence on the effectiveness of this approach varies significantly. This study investigates the roots of this variation by testing alternative hypotheses about how positive school-level climate and school-level student friendship network density interact to shape adolescent violence perpetration. Research on informal social control and network closure suggests that the violence-reducing association of positive school climate will be enhanced among schools where students are more densely tied through their friendships. Research on youth conflict and subversion of control suggests the opposite. These hypotheses are tested with data from Waves I-II of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 11,771; 49% Female; Age mean = 15.04, SD = 1.60). Consistent with the conflict/subversion hypothesis, analyses indicate that the inverse association between positive school climate and adolescent violence is only evident among schools with a very low density of friendship ties. Strikingly, however, there is evidence that a more positive school climate is associated with increases in violence among youth attending schools with a high density of friendship ties. These findings suggest that efforts to reduce violence by fostering cohesion among youth in their schools and other social contexts can be undermined by youth network processes.
Human Autonomy at Risk? An Analysis of the Challenges from AI
Authors: Prunkl Carina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAutonomy is a core value that is deeply entrenched in the moral, legal, and political practices of many societies. The development and deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) have raised new questions about AI’s impacts on human autonomy. However, systematic assessments of these impacts are still rare and often held on a case-by-case basis. In this article, I provide a conceptual framework that both ties together seemingly disjoint issues about human autonomy, as well as highlights differences between them. In the first part, I distinguish between distinct concerns that are currently addressed under the umbrella term ‘human autonomy’. In particular, I show how differentiating between autonomy-as-authenticity and autonomy-as-agency helps us to pinpoint separate challenges from AI deployment. Some of these challenges are already well-known (e.g. online manipulation or limitation of freedom), whereas others have received much less attention (e.g. adaptive preference formation). In the second part, I address the different roles AI systems can assume in the context of autonomy. In particular, I differentiate between AI systems taking on agential roles and AI systems being used as tools. I conclude that while there is no ‘silver bullet’ to address concerns about human autonomy, considering its various dimensions can help us to systematically address the associated risks.