bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of two dimensional flow past multi element airfoils for general transport aircraft
Authors: Singh Manish , Dhanalakshmi Kumar , Mathur Jaideep 
Published: November 2011

PurposeAir connectivity network is an important part of the overall connectivity network of any country. This becomes even more crucial for the interior regions, which have no access to sea routes and have inadequate road and rail connectivity. In India there is uniform distribution of airports throughout the country but only a few of them are currently used because of poor infrastructure availability at these airports. Any aircraft operating from these airports, having minimal infrastructure, need to have efficient high‐lift systems for short takeoff and landing ability as one of the key requirements. The purpose of this paper is look at the performance of a new high‐lift airfoil configuration for application to a general transport aircraft.Design/methodology/approachThe present study deals with two‐dimensional analyses of a high‐lift system for general transport aircraft. The JUMBO2D, a multi‐block structured viscous code has been used to make preliminary analysis of the proposed high‐lift system. The configuration consists of three elements, namely, the main airfoil with nose droop, a vane and a flap.FindingsIn the present work the code has been revalidated by computing for NLF (1) 0416 airfoil (clean) and NACA 1410 airfoil with double‐slotted flap. The computed results compare very well with the experimental data. The proposed high‐lift configuration of general transport aircraft has then been analyzed in detail for both takeoff and landing conditions with and without nose droop. The effect of gap between main element and vane on the aerodynamic performance has also been investigated.Originality/valueThis computational study looks at the performance of a new high‐lift airfoil configuration for application to a general transport aircraft.
Forensics of digital librarianship
Authors: Fox Robert 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThis paper seeks to examine important issues relating to digital preservation with a focus on file integrity and digital forensics.Design/methodology/approachThis is a viewpoint paper.FindingsThis paper highlights important issues relating to digital preservation and offers suggestions on comprehensive approaches to achieving a high level of integrity with library digital repositories.Practical implicationsLibraries have always had as a part of their core mission the preservation of information and cultural heritage. The seriousness with which the challenges associated with digital preservation are met will determine the reputation of libraries as continuing to be a reliable preserver of cultural heritage and research data.Social implicationsLibraries play an important role in cultural heritage and preservation of research data. This role is manifested both generally and specifically within the academic context. It is important that libraries stay at the forefront of developing reliable means for digital preservation.Originality/valueSeveral means of achieving a high degree of reliability in the area of digital preservation are suggested. If these and similar ideas suggested from others in the field are followed, it will assist libraries in maintaining a reputation as reliable preservers of cultural heritage and as important players in twenty‐first century research endeavors.
MXMLiszt: a preliminary MusicXML digital library platform built on available open‐source technologies
Authors: Arora Nitin 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe aim of this article is to describe the genesis and structural components for an open‐source MusicXML digital library platform.Design/methodology/approachAfter briefly discussing music information retrieval within the context of emerging approaches to digital music notation formats, specifically MusicXML, the article discusses how the author's graduate school project evolved into a search and delivery platform for MusicXML files and their manifestations, with particular emphasis on the platform's underlying software structure. A discussion of the platform's end user interface and administrative scripts provides further explanation regarding how the system functions.FindingsAlthough work remains to be done, digital libraries are poised to use MusicXML and its supporting software for the advancement of music‐related services offered to patrons.Originality/valueThe paper discusses a proof‐of‐concept, open‐source MusicXML digital library platform that may be of interest to librarians with and without musical and/or programming backgrounds.
Seven basic strategic missteps and how to avoid them
Authors: Mezger Simon , Violani Maurice 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to warn managers of the common missteps that can trip up strategy making and suggest how such pitfalls can be avoided.Design/methodology/approachBased on their experience and research, the authors identify seven key mistakes and describe the best practices that companies can follow.FindingsThe article offers a sophisticated how‐to process managers can use to seek a basis for advantage, say “no” to trying to do everything, focus on long‐term‐value creation, factor in competitor reactions, balance ambitious bets with caution, understand the organization's capabilities, and link vision to execution.Practical implicationsBy avoiding these seven basic missteps managers can stay on the path to strategic success.Originality/valueThe authors highlight the best practices for making more effective strategic choices in an easy‐to‐remember and easy‐to‐teach format.
2011 Conversational Marketing Summit in New York
Authors: Grossberg Kenneth Alan 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe author listened to many major corporate players discuss the brave new world of brand conversations and content engagement at the 2011 CM (“Conversational Marketing”) Summit in New York. This paper aims to reveal his conclusion is that we have a lot of new lessons to learn about social media.Design/methodology/approachThe author reports on eight conference presentations by leading marketers from Facebook, Twitter, PepsiCo, Sony, VISA and others.FindingsThe theme of scalable real time analysis of metrics and messages, and strategic implementation of user‐friendly and effective communication based on that endless river of data, ran through most of the comments made at the conference.Practical implicationsThe social network business proposition can be driven by either of two approaches, hi‐tech artificial intelligence or the personal‐folksy local experience, each enriching the communication between marketer and consumer. Identify the conversation customers want to have and to support their interests so that companies can create an ad that is, more or less, a “content experience.”Originality/valueThe paper explains how, as companies race to keep pace with the meteoric rise of social networking as a central matrix for human communications, they are learning to master this new commercial universe.
Transportation Security SensorNet: a service‐oriented architecture for cargo monitoring
Authors: Kuehnhausen Martin , Frost Victor S. 
Published: November 2011

PurposeSecurity and accountability within the transportation industry are vital because cargo theft could amount to as much as $60 billion per year. Since goods are often handled by many different parties, it must be possible to tightly monitor the location of cargo and handovers. Tracking trade is difficult to manage in different formats and legacy applications Web services and open standards overcome these problems with uniform interfaces and common data formats. This allows consistent reporting, monitoring and analysis at each step. The purpose of this paper is to examine Transportation Security SensorNet (TSSN), the goal being to promote the use of open standards and specifications in combination with web services to provide cargo monitoring capabilities.Design/methodology/approachThis paper describes a system architecture for the TSSN targeted for cargo monitoring. The paper discusses cargo security and reviews related literature and approaches. The paper then describes the proposed solution of developing a service‐oriented architecture (SOA) for cargo monitoring and its individual components.FindingsWeb services in a mobile sensor network environment have been seen as slow and producing significant overhead. The authors demonstrate that with proper architecture and design the performance requirements of the targeted scenario can be satisfied with web services; the TSSN then allows sensor networks to be utilized in a standardized and open way through web services.Originality/valueThe integration of SOA, open geospatial consortium (OGC) specifications and sensor networks is complex and difficult. As described in related works, most systems and research focus either on the combination of SOA and OGC specifications or on OGC standards and sensor networks. The TSSN shows that all three can be combined and that this combination provides cargo security and monitoring capabilities to the transportation and other industries that have not existed before.
Earnings management and the stock market response to the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act based on a measure of competitive strategy
Authors: Hunsader Kenneth J. , Pennywell Gwendolyn 
Published: November 2011

PurposeConventional wisdom implies that firms manage earnings to maximize the wealth of the manager, the value of the firm and/or the amount of information in the market. The purpose of this paper is to offer an additional explanation.Design/methodology/approachUsing companies from the Standard & Poor's 500 index and an annual report disclosure ranking, the authors employ a standard t‐test of means across groups to check for differences in disclosure based on a competitive strategy measure (CSM). The CSM classifies industry rivals into strategic complements or substitutes. The authors also test for differences in earnings management using discretionary accruals and using event study methodology examine how stock returns respond to the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act.FindingsThe authors show that earnings management is a tool used by firms based on the level of competitive strategy within the industry. It was found that firms competing as strategic substitutes are more likely to actively engage in earnings management through discretionary accruals when the informational environment permits. It was also found that substitute firms suffer greater negative wealth effects than complement firms in response to the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act.Originality/valueThis is one of the first empirical articles to examine how competitive strategy affects earnings management and the stock market response to the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act of 2002.
Leadership in tough times
Authors: Tarplett Paul 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to offer insights into the nature of the challenges leaders across local government face, the skills and personal qualities they need in the present environment and how to develop them. Local authorities, in common with other parts of the public sector, are facing drastic reductions in funding, rising demand for services and government expectations that individuals and communities will do more for themselves. This degree of change is unprecedented and it is helpful to understand more fully the emotional, intellectual and practical challenges that it poses. This paper arose out of work with leaders across local government.Design/methodology/approachSenior managers were helped to explore what sort of leadership they would need to give, in this context, in order to best serve service users, local citizens and communities. They could see the importance of innovation and collaboration but also recognised that cost pressures could easily create conflict and drive people back into their silos. Working with groups of managers, it was felt that they faced the connected challenges of managing themselves, leading and managing others in their organisation and the wider system.FindingsThe author found that to be effective, individual leaders needed cognitive and emotional skills and sensitivity, particularly: self‐awareness and understanding of others; the ability to manage interpersonal relationships; and complexity and systems thinking. At the organisational or partnership level, leaders needed a shared understanding of the challenges they face, a shared language for describing them and some shared tools and approaches for tackling them. This was best developed through joint endeavour.Originality/valueLanguage matters, it influences how we think and we can use it to build collective leadership or allow it to fracture our organisations and wider public sector systems. The more we need to work outside of our own professional groups, each of which has its own language, the more important it becomes to recognise this and to actively seek to create something that is shared.
Consumer profiles in reality vs fantasy‐based virtual worlds: implications for brand entry
Authors: Phillips Melancon Joanna 
Published: November 2011

PurposeVirtual environments (VEs) are computer‐based, three‐dimensional virtual worlds where users create avatars and interact socially and competitively within the environment. Users spend millions of dollars every year consuming items for their avatars. Marketers have begun offering branded items in these communities with mixed results. The purpose of this paper is to examine motivational, usage, and demographic differences in VEs across two popular VE types: reality and fantasy‐based platforms.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 106 users of reality and fantasy based VEs was collected using an online survey methodology.FindingsResults indicate that both reality and fantasy worlds are outlets for escapism and immersion. Reality VE users are more motivated to seek social relationships with other users and are more highly involved in the VE than fantasy users. Fantasy‐users are motivated by achievement and manipulation of others and are slightly more likely to be male, younger, and engage in the VE with members of their household.Practical implicationsStudies suggest that message congruency with the gaming context leads to better attitudes toward advertising in online games. This study suggests that tailoring communications for differences due to VE type may produce more favorable outcomes for marketers. Implications for product and branding strategy are suggested.Originality/valueLittle empirical work addresses successful marketing strategy in VEs, although hundreds of brands have entered these worlds. This research is the first to consider VE type and user motivation, usage, and demographics in the framing of marketing messages.
Women managers' career progression: an Asia Pacific perspective
Authors: Jogulu Uma , Wood Glenice 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe increase in general managerial roles held by women has failed to translate into senior management positions in many countries. The paper aims to focus on the experiences of two groups of female and male managers in two diverse countries and how these groups of employees view career advancement and how this perspective may relate to the lack of women in senior managerial roles.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts deductive reasoning to understand social practice as a means by which and how senior management identities are perceived and whether these roles are attainable. A survey was administered to female and male managers in Malaysia and in Australia.FindingsThe findings indicate that women in two countries studied still have significant responsibilities for performing family duties, and bringing up children. In particular, the Malaysian respondents viewed family and personal responsibilities as their greatest impediment to attaining senior management positions. Hence, they are unable to contemplate both careers and families, a view strongly supported by the Australian women as well.Originality/valueSocietal expectations on women in certain cultures are still strongly entrenched because they believe that they are required to comply with the social roles by prioritising marital obligations over any desire for senior management careers.
Faith in one city: exploring religion, spirituality and mental wellbeing in urban UK
Authors: Gilbert Peter , Parkes Madeleine 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThere are intense current debates about the place of belief systems in a secular society, and also whether the mechanistic approach to mental health care is sufficient for human beings. This paper aims to describe the Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health Foundation NHS Trust (BSMHFT) spirituality and mental health research programme within that context.Design/methodology/approachThe research studies are placed within a discourse of current debates, but also within the specific context of the city of Birmingham. Birmingham is England's second city to London, and is an increasingly multi‐ethnic and multi‐cultural environment.FindingsThose who use mental health services increasingly state that they wish to have the spiritual dimension of their lives attended to by professionals. The BSMHFT project reinforces this message and demonstrates the merits of close working with faith communities and engaging with staff in their understanding of spirituality.Originality/valueThe research by Professor Koenig et al. in the USA has demonstrated the physical and mental health benefits of belonging to a supportive faith community. The BSMHFT project is a rare UK example of research in this area and comes at a time of intense debate in England over the nature of society.
Sudden stops and currency crises
Authors: Efremidze Levan , Schreyer Samuel M. , Sula Ozan 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine empirical characteristics of two commonly mentioned expressions of international financial crisis, “sudden stops” and currency crises.Design/methodology/approachSudden stop and currency crisis events are identified and empirical regularities among them are analyzed based on the annual data of 25 emerging market countries from 1990 to 2003.FindingsPuzzlingly, these two seemingly close expressions of crises overlap less than 50 percent of the time and sudden stops more frequently precede than follow currency crises. Also the two different sudden stop measures are not strongly correlated with each other.Research limitations/implicationsThis shows that it can make a great deal of difference what measure is used and suggests that studies in this area should be sure to check the robustness of their results to different measures.Practical implicationsThe authors think that the proper analysis should focus on how to use these different measures to understand the nature of the crises. Thus, sudden stop and currency crisis measures should be used as complements, rather than substitutes.Social implicationsThe alarming frequency of the emerging market crises during the last three decades has motivated a large volume of theoretical and empirical literature on the subject. The paper's results advance understanding of these events.Originality/valueA large body of studies on currency crises coexists with a growing literature on sudden stops yet a majority of the studies that investigate either one of these phenomena do not mention the other. The paper adds value by investigating empirical relationships between them.
A modified unbiased GM(1,1) model
Authors: Ji Peirong , Zhang Jian , Zou Hongbo , Zheng Wenchen 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a new grey system model used for prediction.Design/methodology/approachIt had been proven that the GM(1,1) model is a biased exponential model, the model is fit for non‐negative raw data, which accord with or basically accord with the exponential form and do not have a quick growth rate. Based on the results, an unbiased GM(1,1) model was proposed. With the method of transforming every datum of raw data sequence into its 2‐th root, a new data sequence from the raw data sequence can be produced. The new data sequence is used to establish an unbiased GM(1,1) model and statistical experiments and a practical example in load forecasting are given in the paper.FindingsThe results of statistical experiments and a practical example in load forecasting show the proposed method is effective in increasing the accuracy of the model.Practical implicationsThe model exposed in the paper can be used for constructing models of prediction in many fields such as agriculture, electric power, IT, transportation, economics, management, etc.Originality/valueThe paper succeeds in proposing a modified unbiased GM(1,1) model that has high accuracy. The model is applied to the field of load forecasting and the results show the model is better than the unbiased GM(1,1) model. The model proposed has great theoretical and practical value.
Enterocytes: active cells in tolerance to food and microbial antigens in the gut
Authors: Miron N , Cristea V 
Published: November 2011

SummaryEnterocytes used to be studied particularly in terms of digestion protagonists. However, as the immune functions of the intestinal tract were better understood, it became clear that enterocytes are not mere bystanders concerning the induction of immune tolerance to dietary peptides and gut microbiota. In fact, enterocytes are involved actively in shaping the intestinal immune environment, designed for maintaining a non-belligerent state. This tolerant milieu of the gut immune system is achieved by keeping a balance between suppression and stimulation of the inflammatory responses. Our review presents the current state of knowledge concerning the relationship between enterocytes and immune cells (dendritic cells, lymphocytes), with emphasis on the enterocytes' impact on the mechanisms leading to the induction of oral tolerance.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with increased GHBP and reduced GH/IGF‐I levels
Authors: Fusco Alessandra , Miele Luca , D’Uonnolo Annalisa , Forgione Alessandra , Riccardi Laura , Cefalo Consuelo , Barini Angela , Bianchi Antonio , Giampietro Antonella , Cimino Vincenzo , Landolfi Raffaele , Grieco Antonio , De Marinis Laura 
Published: November 2011

SummaryIntroduction  Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been described in adult GH deficiency syndrome. Furthermore, chronic liver disease can be associated with significant changes in levels of IGF‐I, GH‐binding protein (GHBP), IGF‐binding proteins (IGFBPs) and acid‐labile subunit (ALS). However, the effect of liver steatosis on the GHBP production has not been investigated yet.Aim of the study  To explore whether GH secretion and/or levels of IGF‐I, IGFBP‐3, ALS and GHBP could be altered in obese patients in relation to the presence of liver steatosis.Materials and methods  A total of 115 obese patients (BMI > 30) were enrolled in the protocol (65 patients with liver steatosis and 50 age‐ and BMI‐matched controls). In all patients, the following parameters were studied: serum levels of glucose, insulin, the HOMA index, IGF‐I, GHBP, IGFBP‐3, ALS and GH after GHRH and arginine stimulation test.Results  As expected, patients with NAFLD had blood glucose, insulin, HOMA‐R significantly higher than controls, indicating a more severe insulin‐resistance state in NAFLD. Furthermore, patients with NAFLD had higher levels of GHBP and IGFBP‐3 and lower GH peak and IGF‐I levels as compared to controls. No difference was found in ALS levels between the groups. In a multivariate analysis, GHBP was positively associated with hepatic steatosis while IGF‐1 was negatively associated with hepatic steatosis.Conclusions  This study demonstrates that in patients with NAFLD, the GHBP levels are increased, and that the GH/IGF‐I axis is significantly altered probably leading to reduced IGF‐I bioavailability at tissue level.