bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empirical calibration method for the thermal simulation of Cu47Ti34Zr11Ni8 single tracks in laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Bruckhaus Lars , Wegner Jan , Schnell Norman , Schönrath Hanna , Barreto Erika Soares , Frey Maximilian , Ellendt Nils , Busch Ralf , Kleszczynski Stefan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are materials that, due to their amorphous microstructure, offer a unique combination of high strength, hardness, and elasticity, making them attractive for various applications. Using laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) enables overcoming the current limitations of BMGs in size and shape imposed by traditional manufacturing methods such as casting. Despite its potential, challenges such as porosity, (nano-) crystallization, and impurities affect the mechanical performance of additively manufactured BMGs. This study focuses on the Cu–Ti-based alloy Vit101, known for its higher strength and improved cost-effectiveness compared to Zr-based BMGs. In-situ high-speed pyrometry and thermal simulations of single tracks are employed to enhance the understanding of processing and controlling the thermal cycling of Vit101. The proposed experimental calibration is performed through an off-axis integration of the pyrometer, allowing for in-situ temperature measurements. The acquired data show sufficient congruence with the simulated cooling profiles. Minimal cooling rates in the range of 104 K/s were measured and simulated above the glass transition temperature, indicating a large leeway for further development of glass-forming alloys. Scan track widths are evaluated for validation, resulting in minor deviations between 0.47% and 3.17%. However, challenges emerge at high scanning speeds, leading to higher deviations attributed to balling phenomena, which are not considered in the numerical model.
Zr-based bulk metallic glasses in PBF-LB/M: near-polished surface quality in the as-built state
Authors: Wegner Jan , Bruckhaus Lars , Schroer Martin A. , Rayer Moritz , Schoenrath Hanna , Kleszczynski Stefan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between varying contour scanning parameters and their impact on both surface characteristics and mechanical performance of the glass-forming Zr59.3Cu28.8Al10.4Nb1.5 produced via PBF-LB/M. Near-polished surface states with Ra values below 1 µm were achieved. The study identifies increased laser power as a key factor in reducing the surface roughness, while repetitive scanning exhibits only marginal improvements in surface quality. Partial crystallization on the surface of the amorphous samples is found on the as-built surfaces. However, it appears to be confined to depths below 50 µm. Impressively, the material showcases large mechanical strength in the as-built condition, evidenced by a high flexural strength of 2.2 GPa combined with approximately 1% plastic deformation. These findings offer initial insights into optimizing additive manufacturing processes for BMGs, guiding the enhancement of both surface quality and mechanical robustness in Zr-based metallic glass fabricated via PBF-LB/M techniques.
Bridge Damage Detection with Support Vector Machine in Accelerometer-Based Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Kustiana Willy Aulia Akbar , Trilaksono Bambang Riyanto , Riyansyah Muhammad , Putra Seno Adi , Caesarendra Wahyu , Królczyk Grzegorz , Sulowicz Maciej 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This paper proposes an in-network vibration data processing using Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) leveraging Machine Learning (ML) for damage detection and localization. The study also presents the ML algorithms comparison that is suitable to be deployed in WSN and implemented the proposed cluster-based WSN topology on the bridge simulation test.

Methods
The bridge vibration data was acquired using accelerometer-based wireless sensor nodes. The data collected are transformed using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to obtain fundamental frequencies and their corresponding amplitudes. The machine learning method i.e., Support Vector Machine (SVM) with linear and Radial Basis Function (RBF) kernel was used to analyze the vibration data collected from the WSN. In-network data processing and cluster-based WSN topology is implemented and the programmable wireless sensor nodes is utilized in this study.

Results
The experiments were conducted using real programmable wireless sensor nodes and developed our test bed bridge which makes this work different from the previous studies. The classification and predicting results shows 97%, 96%, 97%, and 96% for accuracy, precision, recall rate, and f1-score, respectively.

Conclusion
Machine learning methods can potentially be combined with the vibration WSN for bridge damage detection and localization.
A Reference Process for Assessing the Reliability of Predictive Analytics Results
Authors: Staudinger Simon , Schuetz Christoph G. , Schrefl Michael 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOrganizations employ data mining to discover patterns in historic data in order to learn predictive models. Depending on the predictive model the predictions may be more or less accurate, raising the question about the reliability of individual predictions. This paper proposes a reference process aligned with the CRISP-DM to enable the assessment of reliability of individual predictions obtained from a predictive model. The reference process describes activities along the different stages of the development process required to establish a reliability assessment approach for a predictive model. The paper then presents in more detail two specific approaches for reliability assessment: perturbation of input cases and local quality measures. Furthermore, this paper describes elements of a knowledge graph to capture important metadata about the development process and training data. The knowledge graph serves to properly configure and employ the reliability assessment approaches.
Delineation of aquifer storage potential in response to regional groundwater development
Authors: Alao Joseph Omeiza , Lawal Hammed A. , Abdulsalami Momohjimoh , Abubakar Fahad , Abduwahab Obanero O. , Mary Ekwu Tongha , Yusuf Mumeen Adebayo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDeveloping aquifers as part of sustainability efforts toward groundwater development is a tactical approach to meeting water demand and management objectives. Delineation of aquifer storage potential (ASP) and longitudinal conductance ($${S}_{L}$$

S
L

) is a good approach to protect and manage groundwater resources. A Schlumberger configuration was applied to delineate fifteen (15) vertical electrical sounding (VES) stations alongside a 2D electrical resistivity imagery (ERI) profile and regional borehole data to characterize the regional ASP. The results of the study show that the layer resistivity and thickness values of the regional aquifer unit range from 39.9–105 Ωm and 15–44 m, respectively, while the overburden thickness overlays the regional aquifer unit varied between 5–10 m corresponding to the regional borehole data. The weathered/fractured basemen, which constitute the regional aquifer unit were delineated, which consists of shallow, moderate, and deep aquifer zones. The deep aquifer zones fall within the depth of 30–44 m and are considered suitable for groundwater prospective. The weathered layer with appreciably low resistivity values with thick aquifer regolith has also been identified as most suitable for borehole siting. The weathered/fractured encountered within thick aquifer regolith were mapped as the region with a high ASP for groundwater development. In addition, the values of longitudinal conductance, $${S}_{L}$$

S
L

and transverse resistance, $${R}_{T}$$

R
T

estimated from aquifer parameters vary between $$0.21-0.85 \,{\Omega }^{-1}$$

0.21
-
0.85

Ω

-
1

and $$1695-3124\, {\Omega m}^{2}$$

1695
-
3124

Ω
m

2

, respectively. The $${S}_{L}$$

S
L

values show that the study area falls within moderate ($$0.20-0.69 \,{\Omega }^{-1}$$

0.20
-
0.69

Ω

-
1

) and good ($$0.7-4.9 \,{\Omega }^{-1}$$

0.7
-
4.9

Ω

-
1

), which invariably determined the regional aquifer protective capacity. Thus, the DC geoelectrical approach has been successfully employed in a lateritic-based environment to delineate aquifer-promising zones for regional groundwater development.
Hydrogen production by 3D-printed electrodes
Authors: Pereira Mateus Veras , Neumsteir Naile Vacilotto , Bonacin Juliano Alves 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe increasing demand for energy, depletion of traditional energy sources, and environmental concerns have generated an energy crisis in recent years. To address this challenge, innovative and low-cost solutions have been sought, such as the use of 3D printing for decentralized hydrogen production. In this paper, we present the production of conductive filaments prepared from polylactic acid (PLA) and Carbon Black (CB), which were used for the 3D printing of electrodes. The produced materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis, and electrochemical techniques. The 3D-printed electrodes were used as substrates for CoPi electrodeposition to evaluate their performance in hydrogen production. The 3D-printed electrodes, made from filaments prepared in the laboratory, demonstrated superior electrochemical performance and hydrogen production compared to electrodes printed compared with commercial filament. The PLA@CB72R and CoPi#PLA@CB72R electrodes showed better hydrogen production performance, 10.08 and 10.20 μmol min−1, respectively. This study provides a perspective for the manufacture of filaments and 3D-printed electrodes for energy conversion applications, such as hydrogen production.
An assessment of barriers and facilitators of near-peer coaching on surgical clerkships: a mixed-methods study from resident’s perspective
Authors: Ackah Ruth L. , Kenawy Dahlia M. , Vaidya Prashansha S. , Shalash Bayan J. , Haywood Kylie T. , Henry Rebecca C. , Cunningham Lisa A. , Harzman Alan E. , Traugott Amber L. , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
We implemented a near-peer (resident–student) coaching intervention in 2021–2022 to improve clerkship students’ health system science (HSS) learning and application. This study thus sought to identify implementation barriers and potential facilitators of an effective HSS near-peer coaching program for clerkship students from the resident coach’s perspective at a single tertiary-care institution.

Methods
A mixed-methods study design was employed. Thirty surgical residents volunteered to serve as HSS coaches for rotating third-year medical students during the 2021–2022 academic year. Coaches were asked to complete an exit survey, and a subset was purposefully sampled to complete semi-structured interviews. Transcripts were coded and analyzed with a framework method to identify emergent themes indicative of the barriers and facilitators of effective implementation of this near-peer HSS coaching program.

Results
A total of 20/30 (67%) resident coaches completed the survey and 50% of these residents (n = 10/20) completed an interview. Coaches facilitated multiple meetings (ranging from 1 to more than 5 times) with their assigned students over the course of the 3-month surgical rotations. Most coaches who deemed themselves successful in coaching reported early prioritization of setting individualized clerkship goals. Rapport building and strong communication were also important factors identified in facilitating effective near-peer cognitive coaching relationships.

Conclusions
Our study suggests that, from residents’ perspective, effective near-peer coaching by residents on surgical clerkships requires special emphasis on early goal setting, as well as training and development of coaches in skills, such as feedback delivery, and rapport building to encourage strong resident–student coaching relationships that cater to the individualized needs of the learner.
Just How River‐Like Are Atmospheric Rivers?
Authors: LeGrande A. N. , Booth J. F. , Naud C. M. , Ordaz C. , Crespo J. A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAtmospheric Rivers (ARs) are synoptic‐scale conduits for poleward transport of heat and water, often associated with extreme rainfall. Using NASA surface heat flux observations and climate model simulations, we assess whether ARs are “rivers”, transporting heat and moisture over longer distances, or mostly local convergence. The observations indicate that ARs reduce extratropical surface energy fluxes, even during early development. This damping of surface fluxes during ARs is also simulated in the Goddard Institute for Space Studies ModelE, 2.1 (GISS‐E2.1) nudged to (MERRA2) reanalysis winds. Furthermore, water provenance tracers in GISS‐E2.1 identify the moisture source for ∼7,500 ARs globally during 2018–2022 as farther upstream and equatorward compared to climatology. These results quantitatively show that ARs source relatively less moisture from the surface beneath them and more from a greater distance than during non‐AR times.
Rapid Restratification Processes Control Mixed Layer Turbulence and Phytoplankton Growth in a Deep Convection Region
Authors: Miracca‐Lage Mariana , Becherer Johannes , Merckelbach Lucas , Bosse Anthony , Testor Pierre , Carpenter Jeffrey R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Gulf of Lion, Northwestern Mediterranean Sea, is one of few oceanic regions where deep convection occurs. We investigate the restratification following a convection event using measurements from an ocean glider equipped with turbulence microstructure sensors. This unique combination of instruments provides a high‐resolution description of the mixed layer with regard to turbulence, stratification and chlorophyll. We observe a rapid restratification process that proceeds over a timescale of days to one week. We find that restratification exerts a leading order control on surface mixed layer turbulence variability, as abrupt changes in turbulence dissipation rates are associated with the formation of near‐surface stratification. The near‐surface formation of stratification occurs through both the diurnal variability in surface buoyancy fluxes and through lateral advective processes. We conclude that daily near‐surface processes that influence stratification control mixed layer turbulence levels, and thus the phytoplankton response in the critical transition period to spring bloom.
On the Self‐Quenching of Relativistic Runaway Electron Avalanches Producing Terrestrial Gamma Ray Flashes
Authors: Gourbin P. , Celestin S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTerrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) are short bursts of gamma rays occurring during thunderstorms. They are believed to be produced by relativistic runaway electron avalanches (RREAs). It is usually admitted that the number of high‐energy electrons produced in the brightest TGFs remains mostly confined within a range from 1017 to 1019. To understand the constraints in the development of RREAs, we perform self‐consistent simulations using a newly developed model with a finite acceleration region and various injection rates. We find that RREAs should naturally self‐quench for a fixed total number of runaway electrons, and hence a fixed number of bremsstrahlung photons. From the idea that TGF sources quench themselves, we derive a simple equation controlling the total number of runaway electrons. In this framework, the existence of a saturation in the electron density discovered in a previous work places a lower limit on TGF durations.
Additive Water Uptake of the Mixtures of Urban Atmospheric HULIS and Ammonium Sulfate
Authors: Zhou Ruichen , Afsana Sonia , Wei Chenran , Mochida Michihiro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe hygroscopicity of atmospheric aerosols affect the global climate and human health. However, the hygroscopic behavior of mixtures of inorganic salts and organics in atmospheric aerosols have not been well characterized for ambient complex organic mixtures. Here, the hygroscopic growth of humic‐like substances (HULIS), which represent the complexity of organic aerosol compounds, from urban aerosols and their mixtures with ammonium sulfate were investigated with measurements from a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer and model analyses. The Zdanovskii–Stokes–Robinson (ZSR) relationship, which assumes that the water uptake of each component is additive, was examined for the mixtures. The dependence of the hygroscopicity parameters (κ) of the mixtures on the volume fraction of HULIS is generally represented by the ZSR relationship with the deviations of κ on average of 16% (4%–27% in different mixing ratios), and 0.03 (0.02–0.04) on absolute basis. An assumption of asphericity for the dry particles reduced the deviations (14%). Approximations for the surface tension depression by surfactants and surface‐bulk partitioning were predicted to account for the deviations to a small extent. Furthermore, a thermodynamic model for simplified compound systems showed that the non‐ideality of the solutions potentially explained the deviations from the ZSR relationship. The results of this study support the use of the ZSR relationship for organic‒inorganic mixtures as a practical approximation in atmospheric models, provide a guide for the uncertainty associated with this approximation, and suggest directions for future studies.
Temporal Variability of Equatorial Ionization Anomaly Crest Locations Extracted From Global Ionospheric Maps
Authors: Dunn Corina , Meng Xing , Verkhoglyadova Olga P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) crest location is known to vary over a variety of temporal scales. For the first time we perform a statistical survey of the temporal variation of the EIA crest location viewed globally and spanning 20 years. We extract the crest location for double‐peaked EIAs from a data set of total electron content intensifications identified on global ionospheric maps from 2003 to 2022. We show that the dominant temporal variations of the crest latitude are annual and semi‐diurnal for the northern crest, and annual and diurnal for the southern crest. For the annual variation, we find that both crests move poleward in local summer and equatorward in local winter, which is more pronounced for the southern crest than the northern crest, and more pronounced at solar minimum than solar maximum. For the diurnal and semi‐diurnal variations in universal time, both crests dip southward around 15UT and the northern crest additionally dips southward around 2.5UT. We consider apparent universal time dependence to be a proxy for the longitudinal distribution of the crest geomagnetic latitude, which exhibits the known wave‐number‐four longitudinal structure of EIA crests. In local time, the EIA crests form earlier than 10LT and move poleward to their maximum distance at 14LT, and remain at constant latitude until 18LT. Solar cycle modulation on the diurnal/semi‐diurnal variations and the local time evolution of the crest latitude is minimal.
Relative Seismic Velocity Variations at Axial Seamount Observed With Ambient Seismic Noise Capture Transition Point in Volcanic Inflation
Authors: Lee Michelle K. , Tan Yen Joe , Russell Joshua B. , Tolstoy Maya , Waldhauser Felix 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTemporal changes in seismic velocity estimated from ambient seismic noise can be utilized to infer subsurface properties at volcanic systems. In this study, we process 7 years of continuous seismic noise at Axial Seamount and use cross‐correlation functions to calculate the relative seismic velocity changes (dv/v) beneath the caldera. We find a long‐term trend of decreasing velocity during rapid inflation, followed by slight increase in velocities as background seismicity increases and inflation rate decreases. Furthermore, we observe small short‐term increases in dv/v which coincide with short‐term deflation events. Our observations of changes in dv/v and their correlation with other geophysical data provide insights into how the top ∼1 km of the crust at Axial Seamount changes in response to subsurface magma movement and capture the transition from a period of rapid reinflation to a period where the caldera wall faults become critically stressed and must rupture to accommodate further inflation.
The Adiabatic 1D Kinetic Equilibrium of the Electron Diffusion Region During Anti‐Parallel Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Egedal Jan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAn earlier model of the electron distribution function accounts for the pressure anisotropy that develops in the inflow regions during anti‐parallel magnetic reconnection. However, the model is not applicable to the electron diffusion region (EDR), where the electron magnetic moments break as an adiabatic invariant. The earlier model is here generalized through the use of the current‐sheet adiabatic invariant of a 1D current layer, to become applicable also to the EDR. The new generalized model reproduces the main features of the EDR and its vicinity observed in a fully kinetic simulation, formally proving the 1D equilibrium relationship between the upstream electron pressure anisotropy and the EDR electron jets.
Amygdala volumes and associations with socio-emotional competencies in preterm youth: cross-sectional and longitudinal data
Authors: Pereira Camejo Maricé , Escobar Saade Luciana , Liverani Maria Chiara , Fischi-Gomez Elda , Gui Laura , Borradori Tolsa Cristina , Ha-Vinh Leuchter Russia , Hüppi Petra Susan , Siffredi Vanessa 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Socio-emotional difficulties often result from very preterm (VPT) birth. The amygdala’s developmental trajectory, including its nuclei, has been recognized as a significant factor in observed difficulties. This study aims to assess the relationship between amygdala volume and socio-emotional competencies in VPT children and adolescents.

Methods
Socio-emotional competencies were assessed, and amygdala volumes, including subnuclei, were extracted automatically from structural scans in a cross-sectional cohort of VPT (n = 75) and full-term (FT, n = 41) aged 6–14 years. Group differences in amygdala volumes were assessed using ANCOVA, and associations with socio-emotional competencies were studied using partial least squares correlation (PLSC). In a VPT subgroup, additional longitudinal data with amygdala volumes at term-equivalent age (TEA) were manually extracted, growth rates calculated, and associations with school-age socio-emotional competencies investigated using PLSC.

Results
Using cross-sectional data at school-age, amygdala volumes displayed comparable developmental patterns between the VPT and the FT groups. Greater volumes were associated with more emotional regulation difficulties in VPT and lower affect recognition competencies in FT. In the longitudinal VPT subgroup, no significant associations were found between amygdala volume trajectory and socio-emotional competencies.

Conclusion
Although our findings suggest typical amygdala development after VPT birth, further research is necessary to elucidate the developmental trajectory of amygdala and the role of resilience factors.

Impact

In our cohort, amygdala volumes, including subnuclei, displayed comparable developmental trajectories between the very preterm and the full-term groups.

Higher amygdala volumes at school-age were associated with higher emotional regulation difficulties in the very-preterm born group, and with lower affect recognition abilities in full-term born children and adolescents.

In a subgroup of very-preterm children and adolescents followed from birth to school-age, no significant associations were found between amygdala volumes at term-equivalent age and socio-emotional competencies at school-age.