bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrasted Effects of Prolonged Root Hypoxia on Tomato Root and Fruit (Solanum lycopersicum) Metabolism
Authors: Horchani F. , Khayati H. , Raymond P. , Brouquisse R. , Aschi‐Smiti S. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe decrease in growth rate of the root system, or the complete cessation of its growth, in fruiting tomato plants is a known phenomena. It has been suggested that a limited supply of carbohydrates to this organ, because of its relative weakness in competition with the developing fruitlets is the main cause for these disorders. This hypothesis was tested in this study with tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum cv Micro‐Tom) submitted to gradual root hypoxia (1–2 % oxygen) at first flower anthesis and with limited fruit number (six fruits per plant). To this end, a range of physiological and biochemical parameters was evaluated. Our results showed that under oxygen deficiency, root growth was severely affected. In contrast to fruits, root protein and carbohydrate contents decreased significantly, concomitantly with a significant decrease in photosynthesis. Together the present data revealed that, at the fruiting stage, the effect of flooding on root growth and metabolism is probably controlled by the relative sink strength of the fruit.
Nature of Resistance to Methyl Benzimidazole Carbamate Fungicides in Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lilii and F. oxysporum f.sp. gladioli in Taiwan
Authors: Chung Wen Hsin , Chung Wen Chuan , Ting Pen Fen , Ru Chang Chien , Huang Hung Chang , Huang Jenn Wen 
Published: April 2009

Abstract Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. gladioli and F. oxysporum f.sp. lilii cause corm rot and yellowing of gladiolus and lilies respectively. Resistance among isolates of these two pathogens to two benzimidazole (methyl benzimidazole carbamate: MBC) fungicides, benomyl and thiabendazole, has been identified. However, sensitivity to other benzimidazole fungicides among isolates of F. oxysporum f.sp. gladioli and F. oxysporum f.sp. lilii remains unclear. Sensitivity among isolates of these two pathogens to benomyl, thiophanate‐methyl, carbendazim and thiabendazole were evaluated in this study. Results showed that among six F. oxysporum f.sp. gladioli isolates, one was highly resistant, four were moderately resistant and one was highly sensitive to benomyl, five were highly resistant to thiophanate‐methyl, four were sensitive and one was highly sensitive to carbendazim and all six isolates were sensitive to thiabendazole. Among the 13 F. oxysporum f.sp. lilii isolates tested, three were moderately resistant and 10 were highly sensitive to benomyl, and five were highly resistant, three were moderately resistant and five were sensitive to thiophanate‐methyl. While all isolates were highly sensitive or sensitive to carbendazim and thiabendazole. These results strongly suggest that the mode of fungicide resistance in these two pathogens varies among members of the benzimidazole fungicide group and that cross resistance does not always occur. Sequence analysis of the partially amplified β‐tubulin gene indicated that mutation in codons 198 and 200 had not occurred in the benzimidazole resistant isolates. It was concluded that resistance found in Taiwan isolates of F. oxysporum f.sp. gladioli and F. oxysporum f.sp. lilii to these fungicides may be due to some other mechanism.
Molecular Characterization of Sclerospora graminicola, the Incitant of Pearl Millet Downy Mildew Using ISSR Markers
Authors: Sudisha Jogaiah , Kumar Soshee Ananda , Thakur Ram Padartha , Rao Veeranki Panduranga , Shetty Hunthrike Shekar 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe DNA polymorphism among 22 isolates of Sclerospora graminicola, the causal agent of downy mildew disease of pearl millet was assessed using 20 inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) primers. The objective of the study was to examine the effectiveness of using ISSR markers for unravelling the extent and pattern of genetic diversity in 22 S. graminicola isolates collected from different host cultivars in different states of India. The 19 functional ISSR primers generated 410 polymorphic bands and revealed 89% polymorphism and were able to distinguish all the 22 isolates. Polymorphic bands used to construct an unweighted pair group method of averages (UPGMA) dendrogram based on Jaccard’s co‐efficient of similarity and principal coordinate analysis resulted in the formation of four major clusters of 22 isolates. The standardized Nei genetic distance among the 22 isolates ranged from 0.0050 to 0.0206. The UPGMA clustering using the standardized genetic distance matrix resulted in the identification of four clusters of the 22 isolates with bootstrap values ranging from 15 to 100. The 3D‐scale data supported the UPGMA results, which resulted into four clusters amounting to 70% variation among each other. However, comparing the two methods show that sub clustering by dendrogram and multi dimensional scaling plot is slightly different. All the S. graminicola isolates had distinct ISSR genotypes and cluster analysis origin. The results of ISSR fingerprints revealed significant level of genetic diversity among the isolates and that ISSR markers could be a powerful tool for fingerprinting and diversity analysis in fungal pathogens.
Detection and Characterization of Chickpea Chlorotic Stunt Virus in Syria
Authors: Asaad Nader Y. , Kumari Safaa G. , Haj‐Kassem Amin A. , Shalaby Abdel‐Baset A. , Al‐Shaabi Salah , Malhotra Rajendra S. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractField surveys were conducted in Syria during the 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 growing seasons to identify viruses which affect cool‐season food legumes, volunteer crops, and weeds with yellowing, reddening and/or stunting symptoms. Serological tests (tissue blot immunoassay) showed that Faba bean necrotic yellows virus and luteoviruses including, Beet western yellows virus, Bean leafroll virus and Soybean dwarf virus were the main viruses identified. In addition, a large number of samples reacted positively with the broad spectrum legume luteovirus (5G4) monoclonal antibody but not with any other specific luteovirus monoclonal antibodies suggesting the occurrence of new luteovirus species/strains. RT‐PCR assay of 27 of such samples revealed the presence of Chickpea chlorotic stunt virus (CpCSV; genus Polerovirus, family: Luteoviridae). The coat protein nucleotide sequence analysis of the Syrian CpCSV isolate from chickpea showed a high homology (98%) to that of the Ethiopian CpCSV isolate. However, there were some differences in host range and aphid transmission characteristics between the Syrian and Ethiopian isolates. This is the first report of CpCSV naturally affecting eight legume species (Cicer arietinum L., Lens culinaris Medik., Pisum sativum L., Vicia faba L., Vicia sativa L., Vicia ervilia L. Willd., Vicia narbonensis L. and Medicago sp.) and four wild non‐legume plant species [Apium sp. (Apiaceae), Euphorbia sp. (Euphorbiaceae), Physalis longifolia Nutt. (Solanaceae) and Sinapis arvensis L. (Brassicaceae)] in Syria.
Developing culturally sensitive interventions for Vietnamese health issues: An action research approach
Authors: Gaudine Alice , Gien Lan , Thuan Tran T. , Dung Do V. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis article describes an action research approach to community development in Vietnam. An advisory committee worked with the researchers and identified the stigma of HIV/AIDS as a health issue of importance to it. The advisory committee consisted of representatives from the community. The selected issue was then explored in greater depth by individually interviewing infected persons, their family members, community members, and leaders. At the same time, focus groups were conducted for additional members of each of the above three cohorts. Through open‐ended questions, the participants described the impacts of the stigma on their life, the possible causes of the stigma, and the relevant strategies to reduce these causes. Based on the findings, the advisory committee suggested interventions to reduce the stigma. This project demonstrated an effective way in which nurses can work with communities to help them to identify local solutions to their identified health issues.
Temporal endosonographic evaluation of anal sphincter integrity after primary repair for obstetric ruptures: a case for specific training of obstetricians
Authors: Pronk P. , Van Leeuwen E. , Albicher C. , Dermout S. M. , Doornbos J. P. R. , Engel A. F. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjective  To evaluate primary repaired obstetric lesions of the anal sphincter complex on anal endo‐ultrasound within a few days and 8 weeks after primary repair and to investigate in this way the influence of suboptimal woundhealing on the final anatomical result. Furthermore to investigate the relation between faecal incontinence and sphincter defects.Design  A prospective cohort study.Setting  The obstetric clinic and coloproctology outpatient clinic of the Zaans Medical Centre in Zaandam, the Netherlands.Subjects  A cohort of 32 consecutive women with primary surgically repaired 3B, 3C or 4th degree anal sphincter defect after vaginal delivery.Main outcome measures  Appearance of the anal sphincter complex on anal endo‐ultrasound within a few days week and 8 weeks after primary surgical repair, i.e. first and second ultrasound, respectively. Evaluation of anal continence, using the Vaizey incontinence score, at second ultrasound.Results  No major wound breakdown was seen and four women had superficial, skin related wound problems. Twenty‐eight women (87.5%) had a repaired external anal sphincter on the first and the second ultrasound. Of four external anal sphincter defects on first ultrasound one defect was not present on second ultrasound. The internal sphincter showed a defect on first ultrasound in 11 women and this was still present in 10 on second ultrasound. A total of 11 women had a persisting anal sphincter defect (external, internal or in combination). Mean Vaizey scores were significantly higher in women with a persisting sphincter defect (EAS, IAS or in combination) than in women with no sphincter defects, 2.3 and 0.4 respectively (95% CI 0.1–3.6, P = 0.04).Conclusion  Anal endo‐ultrasound may be used for early evaluation of surgical repair of anal sphincter lesions after vaginal delivery. Persisting defects in the anal sphincters, in this series not because of major wound breakdown, can be explained by inadequate surgical repair.
Technical description and outcomes of a continuous anastomosis in open radical prostatectomy
Authors: Forster James A. , Palit Victor , Myatt Andrew , Hadi Saifullah , Bryan Nicolas P. 
Published: April 2009

OBJECTIVETo describe the surgical technique, objective and subjective medium‐term outcomes of a novel continuous vesico‐urethral anastomotic suture in open radical prostatectomy (ORP).PATIENTS AND METHODSA continuous anastomosis comprising separate anterior and posterior monofilament 3–0 polydioxanone sutures, with the bladder neck ‘parachuted’ down on to the urethral stump, was used in 39 consecutive patients. A cystogram was taken after ORP in the first 23 patients. The catheter was removed as soon as patients were fully mobile. A validated postal questionnaire to determine continence and its effect on quality of life was sent to all patients ≥3 months after ORP.RESULTSThe mean follow‐up was 18 months; there were no major complications. There was an insignificant or no leak in 91% of the patients who had a cystogram. Before discharge, 33 patients reported that they were continent, whilst five required a pad(s) for stress incontinence, and one was discharged with a catheter after failing the first catheter removal. Of the 95% who completed the questionnaire, 95% either did not leak urine, or only leaked a small amount; 84% of patients reported that leaking had a minimal effect on everyday life. No patients developed symptomatic urethral or bladder neck stricture/contracture.CONCLUSIONSOur technique of continuous anastomotic suturing for ORP is safe, reliable and well tolerated. Further randomized studies are warranted to compare the outcome with the standard interrupted vesico‐urethral anastomosis.
Bladder neck contracture after radical retropubic prostatectomy using an intussuscepted vesico‐urethral anastomosis: incidence with long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Garg Tullika , See William A. 
Published: April 2009

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the incidence of bladder neck contracture (BNC), a known complication of radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP), after a 9‐year experience by one surgeon using a novel approach to lower urinary tract reconstruction, the intussuscepted vesico‐urethral anastomosis (IVUA).PATIENTS AND METHODSAfter institutional review board approval, the charts of 406 patients who had RRP for clinically localized prostate cancer from March 1998 to July 2007 were reviewed retrospectively. All patients had lower urinary tract reconstruction using the IVUA technique, which involves a looped urethral suture using six double‐armed sutures that are drawn ‘inside‐to‐out’ from staggered points on the urethral stump through the bladder neck opening. When the sutures are tied down, the urethra is intussuscepted into the bladder neck opening.RESULTSAt a median follow‐up of 48 months, three patients developed BNC: one was at increased risk secondary to a previous TURP; one had his catheter removed on the second day after RRP in the presence of a suprapubic tube and developed a BNC at his ‘dry’ anastomosis; and one with no risk factors developed a BNC. Balloon dilatation, laser incision and self obturation were successful in stabilizing the strictures while preserving continence. Overall, the incidence of BNC in this series was three of 406 (0.74%).CONCLUSIONSIVUA gives a lower incidence of BNC over a long‐term follow‐up than rates cited in previous reports. IVUA is a valuable technique for lower urinary tract reconstruction in patients undergoing RRP.
Learning from Second Life
Authors: Bell David 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThere is currently widespread interest in exploring the opportunities to develop learning that can be delivered in three‐dimensional multiuser virtual environments (3‐D MUVEs). In this paper, I argue for the need to conduct research into the emerging cultures of use in 3‐D MUVEs, focussing on the example of Second Life. Drawing on social and cultural studies of 3‐D MUVEs, the paper briefly explores four issues in Second Life which have profound implications for the transplanting of learning: (1) the emerging ‘virtual vernacular’ of Second Life builds, (2) the development of a capitalist economy within and beyond Second Life, (3) the phenomenon of ‘griefing’, and (4) the need to take account of the everydayness of Second Life. Only by attending to the cultures of use in 3‐D MUVEs—learning from Second Life—can we begin to contemplate the potential for learning in Second Life.
Second Life in higher education: Assessing the potential for and the barriers to deploying virtual worlds in learning and teaching
Authors: Warburton Steven 
Published: April 2009

Abstract Second Life (SL) is currently the most mature and popular multi‐user virtual world platform being used in education. Through an in‐depth examination of SL, this article explores its potential and the barriers that multi‐user virtual environments present to educators wanting to use immersive 3‐D spaces in their teaching. The context is set by tracing the history of virtual worlds back to early multi‐user online computer gaming environments and describing the current trends in the development of 3‐D immersive spaces. A typology for virtual worlds is developed and the key features that have made unstructured 3‐D spaces so attractive to educators are described. The popularity in use of SL is examined through three critical components of the virtual environment experience: technical, immersive and social. From here, the paper discusses the affordances that SL offers for educational activities and the types of teaching approaches that are being explored by institutions. The work concludes with a critical analysis of the barriers to successful implementation of SL as an educational tool and maps a number of developments that are underway to address these issues across virtual worlds more broadly.
The future for (second) life and learning
Authors: Salmon Gilly 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis paper highlights the potential of three‐dimensional multi‐user environments such as Second Life (SL) from the perspective of future developments in the service of learning. It notes trends within the SL innovation to date, including the provision of realistic settings, the exploitation of pleasant simulated environments for groups and the links with other learning technologies. It also considers the creativity sparked by SL's potential to offer the illusion of 3‐D ‘spaces’ and buildings, and points to infinite imaginative educational possibilities. It explores aspects of the construction of virtual representations of learners and teachers as avatars, and reveals a wide range of intriguing issues yet to be researched.
Understanding the social patterning of smoking practices: a dynamic typology
Authors: Narcisse Marie‐Rachelle , Dedobbeleer Nicole , Contandriopoulos Andre‐Pierre , Ciampi Antonio 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn many countries, cigarette consumption has been on a declining trend for over 20 years. However, different patterns of smoking practices have emerged. Our goal is to explore how the patterning of smoking practices occurs and persists over time, and to investigate the factors that could help interpret these patterns. Data were derived from the National Population Health Surveys and comprise a large representative sample of the population. Dynamic Typology methods reveal two main classes of typology: monothetic groups with stable patterns of behaviour over time (never‐smokers, chronically addicted smokers, long‐term ex‐smokers); and polythetic groups with substantial behavioural variations. Moreover, socioeconomic inequalities are found among all groups, and gender‐specific clusters of behaviour become apparent, with specific risk groups, such as the group of young women aged 20–24 at risk of becoming highly addicted. Our results also show that the effects of socioeconomic position on smoking practices are not significantly mediated by psychosocial variables such as self‐esteem and personal control in both females and males. However, these variables still exert independent and differential effects on smoking practices in both genders. Our findings indicate that analysis of temporal patterns of smoking is crucial for tailoring type and timing of health‐promoting interventions.
Re‐engaging the Intersections of Media, Politics and Cities — Introduction to a Debate
Authors: RODGERS SCOTT , BARNETT CLIVE , COCHRANE ALLAN 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWithin contemporary social theory and social science, urban and media studies are seen as zones of speciality, with distinctive theoretical traditions and substantive concerns. This introduction situates the four short essays making up this Debates and Developments section in relation to a recent interdisciplinary workshop held in June 2008 at The Open University in Milton Keynes, UK, where participants were encouraged to experiment with and rework the longstanding conceptual differences and disciplinary policing that so often sets apart media and urban studies. The essays showcased here focus on the theoretical approaches urban scholars might bring to bear on studies of how cities and media come together around matters of politics.Résumé Dans le cadre de la théorie sociale contemporaine et des sciences sociales, les études urbaines et relatives aux médias sont considérées comme des domaines de spécialité assortis de traditions théoriques et de préoccupations majeures distinctes. Cette introduction situe les quatre courtes contributions aux ‘Débats et développements’ par rapport à un récent séminaire interdisciplinaire qui s'est tenu en juin 2008 à l'Open University de Milton Keynes, en Angleterre. Les participants y étaient invités àéprouver et remanier les divergences conceptuelles persistantes et l'ordre disciplinaire qui, si souvent, séparent études urbaines et études sur les médias. Les textes présentés ici portent principalement sur les approches théoriques que la recherche urbaine pourrait mettre en oeuvre pour étudier comment villes et médias se rejoignent autour de sujets de politique.
Extended phenotypes as signals
Authors: Schaedelin Franziska C. , Taborsky Michael 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTAnimal signals may result from construction behaviour and can provide receivers with essential information in various contexts. Here we explore the potential benefits of extended phenotypes with a signalling function as compared to bodily ornaments and behavioural displays. Their independence of the body, their physical persistence and the morphological and cognitive conditions required for their construction allow unique communication possibilities. We classify various levels of information transfer by extended phenotype signals and explore the differences between secreted signals and signals resulting from collection and construction, which usually involve higher behavioural complexity. We examine evolutionary pathways of extended phenotypes with a signalling function with help of a comparative evaluation and conclude that often constructions first provide a direct fitness benefit, with a signalling function becoming more and more prominent during evolutionary progression. The abundance and variability of extended phenotypes as signals is impressive and provides unique possibilities for animal communication research.
Insights into torpor and behavioural thermoregulation of the endangered Juliana's golden mole
Authors: Jackson C. R. , Setsaas T. H. , Robertson M. P. , Scantlebury M. , Bennett N. C. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe cryptic, subterranean ways of golden moles (Chrysochloridae) hamper studies of their biology in the field. Ten species appear on the IUCN red list, but the dearth of information available for most inhibits effective conservation planning. New techniques are consequently required to further our understanding and facilitate informed conservation management decisions. We studied the endangered Juliana's golden moleNeamblysomus julianaeand aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using implantable temperature sensing transmitters to remotely acquire physiological and behavioural data. We also aimed to assess potential body temperature (Tb) fluctuations in relation to ambient soil temperature (Ta) in order to assess the potential use of torpor. Hourly observations revealed thatTbwas remarkably changeable, ranging from 27 to 33 °C. In several instancesTbdeclined during periods of lowTa. Such ‘shallow torpor’ may result in a daily energy saving ofc. 20%. Behavioural thermoregulation was used during periods of highTaby selecting cooler microclimates, while passive heating was used to raiseTbearly morning whenTawas increasing. In contrast to anecdotal reports of nocturnal patterns of activity, our results suggest that activity is flexible, being primarily dependent onTa. These results exemplify how behavioural patterns and microclimatic conditions can be examined in this and other subterranean mammal species, the results of which can be used in the urgently required conservation planning of endangered Chrysochlorid species.