bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The genetics of speciation: genes of small effect underlie sexual isolation in the Hawaiian cricket Laupala
Authors: ELLISON C. K. , WILEY C. , SHAW K. L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSexual behaviours often evolve rapidly and are critical for sexual isolation. We suggest that coordinated sexual signals and preferences generate stabilizing selection, favouring the accumulation of many small‐effect mutations in sexual communication traits. Rapid radiation of a sexual behaviour used in signalling, song pulse rate, has been observed in the Hawaiian cricket genus Laupala. Using marker‐assisted introgression, we isolated five known quantitative trait loci (QTL) influencing species‐level differences in pulse rate from one species, L. paranigra, into a closely related species, L. kohalensis. All five QTL were found to have a significant effect on song and appear to be largely additive in backcross introgression lines. Furthermore, all effect sizes were small in magnitude. Our data provide support for the hypothesis that stabilizing selection on sexual signals in Laupala creates genetic conditions favourable to incremental divergence during speciation, through the evolution of alleles of minor rather than major phenotypic effects.
Identification of wild apple germplasm (Malus spp.) accessions with resistance to the postharvest decay pathogens Penicillium expansum and Colletotrichum acutatum
Authors: Jurick Wayne M. , Janisiewicz Wojciech J. , Saftner Robert A. , Vico Ivana , Gaskins Verneta L. , Park Eunhee , Forsline Philip L. , Fazio Gennaro , Conway William S. 
Published: March 2011

With 3 figures and 4 tables Abstract Penicillium expansum and Colletotrichum acutatum cause blue mould and bitter rot of apples during storage which results in significant economic losses. Resistance to these pathogens in commercial apple cultivars has not been documented in the literature. An apple germplasm collection, from the centre of origin in Kazakhstan, is maintained in Geneva, New York. This collection represents a more diverse apple gene pool than commercial cultivars and was evaluated for resistance to the pathogens that cause blue mould and bitter rot. Resistance reactions were skewed towards susceptibility for both fungi and comprised the majority of accessions examined. However, resistance to P. expansum was confirmed in select accessions over multiple years. Maturation patterns and quality indices for soluble solids and acidity, which may also affect susceptibility, were highly variable and represent the genetic diversity of the germplasm collection. Resistance in four accessions to C. acutatum and two accessions resistant to both P. expansum and C. acutatum are reported here for the first time. Data from this study will serve as a foundation for conventional apple breeding programmes and molecular genetics investigations to provide resistance against blue mould and bitter rot in commercial apple varieties.
Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability in the Pregnant Mare and its Foetus
Authors: Nagel C , Aurich J , Aurich C 
Published: March 2011

ContentsAbortion and preterm birth of foals are major reasons for reproductive losses in the horse. Risk pregnancies require close supervision so that adequate treatment can be initiated in time. The aim of this study was to determine normal values in heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) of the pregnant mare compared to her foetus and to detect physiological changes during ongoing gestation. In mares, the RR interval decreased from 1480 ± 29 ms on day 270 of pregnancy to 1190 ± 58 ms on day 330 of pregnancy (p < 0.05). In contrast, foetal RR interval increased during the same time period from 611 ± 23 ms on day 270 of gestation to 756 ± 25 ms on day 330 of gestation (p < 0.05). Concomitantly, maternal HR increased and foetal HR decreased. No further changes in RR interval occurred during the last 10 days before foaling, neither in the mare nor the foetus. In the last hours preceding parturition, maternal RR interval was lower than at all times earlier in pregnancy (average of 1037 ± 13 ms) but did not change during this time. Maternal HRV did not change during gestation. Marked changes in HRV occurred only during the last minutes of foaling. Then, all HRV variables increased significantly (standard deviation of beat‐to‐beat interval: p = 0.01, root mean square of successive beat‐to‐beat differences: p < 0.01). The cardiovascular system of pregnant mares adapted to the demands of ongoing pregnancy with an increase in HR. We have no evidence that in healthy mares, pregnancy is a major stressor.
Keskidee Aroha: Translation on the Colonial Stage
Authors: SHILLIAM ROBBIE 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn 1979 a Black theatre group from London toured the north island of Aotearoa New Zealand, visiting community centres and marae (traditional Māori meeting places).1 The troupe was named after a small Guyanese bird renowned for its resilience – the Keskidee – and consisted of Black British, African‐Caribbean, African‐American and African performers including a group of Rasta musicians, the Ras Messengers. The New Zealand organizers of the tour called their collective Keskidee Aroha, aroha being the Māori word for compassion and empathy. This article explores the colonial stage upon which Keskidee played and assesses the type of inter‐cultural translations that are prompted when (post‐)colonized subjects speak to each‐other rather than address the colonizer.
Small Towns in Turkey: Footnotes in Somebody Else's History
Authors: ZEYBEK SEZAI OZAN 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis article follows the trajectories by which modernity and development in Turkey have been constituted as an antagonism between villages and cities. Both inspired, albeit in opposing ways, modernising/ developmental ideals, and constituted the true locus of nationalist discourses. Meanwhile, small towns with shrinking populations, low‐level capital accumulation and limited jobs have been left invisible. They have been depicted as irrelevant places of the same essence, which had nothing to add to the story. As such, the article is an analysis of how the Republican history is constructed as a narrative of an antagonism between the West and the East, backwardness and progress, modern and non‐modern. What follows is an exploration of how provincial places and people, which are lumped together on either side of these binaries, are left out, silenced or marginalized.
P2X4 receptors interact with both P2X2 and P2X7 receptors in the form of homotrimers
Authors: Antonio LS , Stewart AP , Xu XJ , Varanda WA , Murrell‐Lagnado RD , Edwardson JM 
Published: March 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The P2X receptor family consists of seven subunit types – P2X1–P2X7. All but P2X6 are able to assemble as homotrimers. In addition, various subunit permutations have been reported to form heterotrimers. Evidence for heterotrimer formation includes co‐localization, co‐immunoprecipitation and the generation of receptors with novel functional properties; however, direct structural evidence for heteromer formation, such as chemical cross‐linking and single‐molecule imaging, is available in only a few cases. Here we examined the nature of the interaction between two pairs of subunits – P2X2 and P2X4, and P2X4 and P2X7.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used several experimental approaches, including in situ proximity ligation, co‐immunoprecipitation, co‐isolation on affinity beads, chemical cross‐linking and atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging.KEY RESULTS Both pairs of subunits co‐localize upon co‐transfection, interact intimately within cells, and can be co‐immunoprecipitated and co‐isolated from cell extracts. Despite this, chemical cross‐linking failed to show evidence for heteromer formation. AFM imaging of isolated receptors showed that all three subunits had the propensity to form receptor dimers. This self‐association is likely to account for the observed close interaction between the subunit pairs, in the absence of true heteromer formation.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We conclude that both pairs of receptors interact in the form of distinct homomers. We urge caution in the interpretation of biochemical evidence indicating heteromer formation in other cases.
Plasma and Tissue Levels of Neuropeptide Y in Experimental Septic Shock: Relation to Hemodynamics, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Hemofiltration
Authors: Kuncová Jitka , Sýkora Roman , Chvojka Jiří , Švíglerová Jitka , Štengl Milan , Kroužecký Aleš , Nalos Lukáš , Matějovič Martin 
Published: March 2011

AbstractNeuropeptide Y (NPY), a potent vasoconstrictor released from the sympathetic nerves, has been suggested to counterbalance sepsis‐induced vasodilation. Thus, the changes in plasma and tissue NPY concentrations in relation to hemodynamic variables and inflammatory markers in a porcine model of moderate septic shock were investigated. Susceptibility of NPY to be removed by continuous hemofiltration in two settings has been also studied. Thirty‐four domestic pigs were divided into five groups: (i) control group; (ii) control group with conventional hemofiltration; (iii) septic group; (iv) septic group with conventional hemofiltration; and (v) septic group with high‐volume hemofiltration. Sepsis induced by fecal peritonitis continued for 22 h. Hemofiltration was applied for the last 10 h. Hemodynamic and inflammatory parameters (heart rate, mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐6, and NPY) were measured before and at 12 and 22 h of peritonitis. NPY tissue levels were determined in the left ventricle and mesenteric and coronary arteries. Sepsis induced long‐lasting increases in the systemic NPY levels without affecting its tissue concentrations. Continuous hemofiltration at any dose did not reduce sepsis‐induced elevations in NPY plasma concentrations, nor did it affect the peptide tissue levels. The increases in NPY systemic levels were significantly correlated with changes in the systemic vascular resistance. The results support the hypothesis of NPY implication in the regulation of the vascular resistance under septic conditions and indicate that NPY clearance rate during hemofiltration does not exceed the capacity of perivascular nerves to release it.
Labeling of Primary Human Hepatocytes With Micron‐Sized Iron Oxide Particles in Suspension Culture Suitable for Large‐Scale Preparation
Authors: Kammer Nora N. , Billecke Nils , Morgul Mehmet H. , Adonopoulou Michaela K. , Mogl Martina , Huang Mao D. , Florek Stefan , Schmitt Katharina R.L. , Raschzok Nathanael , Sauer Igor M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractLabeling of hepatocytes with micron‐sized iron oxide particles (MPIOs) enables cell detection using clinical magnetic resonance equipment. For clinical applications, large numbers of cells must be labeled in a simple and rapid manner and have to be applied in suspension. However, all existing protocols are based on adhesion culture labeling with subsequent resuspension, only suitable for small experimental settings. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of preparing MPIO‐labeled primary human hepatocytes in a temporary suspension culture. Human hepatocytes were isolated from 16 donors and labeled with MPIOs in suspension, using the Rotary Cell Culture System. Particle incorporation was investigated by light and electron microscopy. Cells were compared with adhesion culture‐labeled and subsequently enzymatically resuspended cells. During a period of 5 days, hepatocyte‐specific parameters of cell damage (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase) and metabolic activity (urea and albumin) were analyzed (n = 7). Suspension cultures showed a higher outcome in cell recovery compared with the conventional labeling method. When incubated with 180 particles/viable cell for 4 h, the mean particle uptake was 28.8 particles/cell at a labeling efficiency of 95.1%. Labeling in suspension had no adverse effects on cell integrity or metabolic activity. We conclude that labeling of human hepatocytes in suspension is feasible and simple and may serve future large‐scale processing of cells.
Effect of applied muscle tension on cerebral oxygenation in female blood donors
Authors: Kowalsky Jennifer M. , France Janis L. , Wissel Mary Ellen , France Christopher R. 
Published: March 2011

BACKGROUND: Applied muscle tension (AMT), which involves rhythmic tensing of the muscles of the core and lower extremities, has been associated with attenuation of presyncopal reactions among whole blood donors. This study was designed to examine whether the salutary effects of AMT may be mediated by increases in cerebral oxygenation during blood donation.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Seventy‐two female blood donors were recruited at mobile blood drives in the American Red Cross Blood Services–Central Ohio Region. Participants were randomly assigned to engage in either AMT or repeated gentle foot flexions (i.e., distraction control) during whole blood donation. Cerebral oxygenation was monitored throughout the donation using near infrared spectroscopy.RESULTS: Participants who engaged in AMT were shown to have attenuated decreases in cerebral oxygenation across the three intervals of the blood draw relative to the distraction manipulation (F(1,70) = 8.144, p = 0.006). Whereas cerebral oxygenation decreased 1.42% (SD, 2.09%) for those in the distraction‐control group, oxygenation levels increased 0.13% (SD, 2.56%) in the AMT group.CONCLUSION: AMT is associated with an attenuated decrease in cerebral oxygenation compared to a distraction‐control group. Further studies are necessary to establish if the salutary effect of AMT during blood donation may be in part due to an increase in oxygen available to the brain.
Cross‐Cultural Similarities and Differences in Person‐Body Reasoning: Experimental Evidence From the United Kingdom and Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Cohen Emma , Burdett Emily , Knight Nicola , Barrett Justin 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe report the results of a cross‐cultural investigation of person‐body reasoning in the United Kingdom and northern Brazilian Amazon (Marajó Island). The study provides evidence that directly bears upon divergent theoretical claims in cognitive psychology and anthropology, respectively, on the cognitive origins and cross‐cultural incidence of mind‐body dualism. In a novel reasoning task, we found that participants across the two sample populations parsed a wide range of capacities similarly in terms of the capacities’ perceived anchoring to bodily function. Patterns of reasoning concerning the respective roles of physical and biological properties in sustaining various capacities did vary between sample populations, however. Further, the data challenge prior ad‐hoc categorizations in the empirical literature on the developmental origins of and cognitive constraints on psycho‐physical reasoning (e.g., in afterlife concepts). We suggest cross‐culturally validated categories of “Body Dependent” and “Body Independent” items for future developmental and cross‐cultural research in this emerging area.
Lateral bone augmentation with newly developed β‐tricalcium phosphate block: an experimental study in the rabbit mandible
Authors: Ono Daisuke , Jimbo Ryo , Kawachi Giichiro , Ioku Koji , Ikeda Tohru , Sawase Takashi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the biological effects of newly developed β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) to improve lateral bone augmentation.Material and methods: Test samples (rod‐shaped [RS]‐blocks) were prepared through hydrothermal processing α‐TCPs. As controls, commercially available β‐TCPs (C‐blocks; Osferion) were used. The blocks were placed onto the rabbit mandibles (n=5/group, mean: 4 kg). Samples were retrieved after 6, 12 and 24 weeks. Thereafter, the sections were evaluated for histological and histomorphometric analyses. The parameters set were: BV/TV (%): [(area of newly formed bone; area‐NFB)/(whole measured area; WA)] × 100, BV+Imp.V/TV (%): [(area‐NFB+area of remaining β‐TCP block)/WA] × 100, N.Oc/I.Pm: (osteoclast number)/(entire β‐TCP block perimeter; 100 mm).Results: BV/TV of the C‐blocks (10.71±3.39%) was significantly higher than the RS‐blocks (3.5±3.52%, P<0.05) at 6 weeks. At 24 weeks, the RS‐blocks (23.66±2.7%) showed significantly higher values than the C‐blocks (13.23±2.65%, P<0.001). The BV+Imp.V/TV of the RS‐blocks was significantly higher than that of the C‐block group (29.61±5.84% and 19.13±3.14%), maintaining high values between 6 and 24 weeks (44.16±5.19% and 50.88±4%, P<0.001). The N.Oc/I.Pm values were significantly greater in the RS‐block group than in the C‐block group throughout the observation period (P<0.05).Conclusions: The newly developed β‐TCP blocks presented subsequent replacement by newly formed bone, in conjunction with maintaining the external morphology.To cite this article: Ono D, Jimbo R, Kawachi G, Ioku K, Ikeda T, Sawase T. Lateral bone augmentation with newly developed β‐tricalcium phosphate block: an experimental study in the rabbit mandible. Clin. Oral Impl. Resxx, 2011; 000–000.
The use of human hypertrophic chondrocytes‐derived extracellular matrix for the treatment of critical‐size calvarial defects
Authors: Donos Nikolaos , Graziani Filippo , Mardas Nikos , Kostopoulos Lambros 
Published: March 2011

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of immortalized hypertrophic chondrocytes extracellular matrix (HCM) with or without the use of guided bone regeneration (GBR) on the healing of critical‐size calvarial defects.Material and methods: In 42 rats, 5 mm critical‐size calvarial defects were surgically created. The animals were randomly allocated to six groups of seven rats each: Group A1: one defect was left untreated (control), while the contralateral defect was covered by a double non‐resorbable membrane (GBR). Group B1: one defect was filled with calcium phosphate cement (CP), while the contralateral defect was treated with GBR and CP. Group C1: one defect was filled with a mixture of CP and HCM, while the contralateral defect was treated with GBR and CP+HCM. The healing period for all three groups was 30 days. The remaining three groups were treated in a similar manner but the healing period was 60 days. Five animals from each group were evaluated by maceration and two animals were analysed histologically.Results: At 30 days, all the control‐treated defects did not present complete closure. When GBR was applied alone or combined with CP, 3/5 and 5/5 defects, respectively, presented complete closure. At 60 days, one defect from the control group presented complete closure. All the defects treated with GBR alone presented complete closure, whereas the combined use of GBR with CP or CP+HCM resulted in 4/5 and 3/5 defects with complete closure, respectively. The only treatment modality that did not present any specimen with defect closure at both 30 and 60 days was the combination of CP+HCM. The histological analysis indicated that when GBR was not used alone, the healing consisted of an amorphous acellular structure and loose granulation tissue, which, even though clinically resembled hard tissue, did not demonstrate the histological characteristics of bone.Conclusion: The predictability of bone formation in critical‐size defects depends mainly on the presence or absence of barrier membranes. The combined use of GBR with calcium phosphate alone or in combination with immortalized human HCM did not enhance the potential for osseous healing provided by the GBR procedure.To cite this article:
Donos N, Graziani F, Mardas N, Kostopoulos L. The use of human hypertrophic chondrocytes‐derived extracellular matrix for the treatment of critical‐size calvarial defects. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. xx, 2011; 000–000. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2010.02120.x
Early and immediate loading of titanium implants with fluoride‐modified surfaces: results of 5‐year prospective study
Authors: Mertens Christian , Steveling Helmut G. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjective: Multiple experimental and animal studies have shown that topographic, mechanical and chemical properties of implant surfaces lead to in vivo responses such as increased bone formation, increased bone anchorage and reduced healing time. A fluoride modification of the titanium implant surface also seems to positively influence bone anchorage as compared with unmodified titanium implants. Using implant survival and marginal bone loss as primary outcome parameters, the purpose of the present prospective study was to investigate whether a fluoride modification of the titanium implant surface has positive clinical effects.Materials and methods: The 17 patients included in this study received 49 Astra Tech OsseoSpeed™ implants for various indications in the maxilla and mandible. Implants were either loaded immediately or after a mean healing period of 9.56 weeks. Fifteen patients were followed up clinically including radiographic examination for 5 years. Forty‐two implants were assessed for implant survival, marginal bone loss, surgical and/or prosthetic complications, presence or absence of plaque, signs of inflammation and size of the papilla.Results: Of the original 17 patients, 15 patients were available for the full 60‐month follow‐up. One early implant failure occurred, leading to an implant survival rate of 97%. Radiographic analyses demonstrated stable bone conditions with a mean marginal bone loss of 0.1 mm (SD 0.4 mm, min −0.7 mm, max 1.7 mm) after 5 years of function. Immediately loaded implants did not show a different mean marginal bone loss as compared with implants that were not loaded immediately. Repeated soft‐tissue examinations revealed healthy conditions in terms of 6.1% plaque and 4.2% of the implants with signs of inflammation at the 5‐year control.Discussion: Implants used in this study had high survival and success rates after 5 years. Marginal bone was well maintained, irrespective of the loading regime.To cite this article:
Mertens C, Steveling HG. Early and immediate loading of titanium implants with fluoride‐modified surfaces: results of 5‐year prospective study. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. xx, 2011; 000–000.
Genetics/epigenetics of oral premalignancy: current status and future research*
Authors: Lingen MW , Pinto A , Mendes RA , Franchini R , Czerninski R , Tilakaratne WM , Partridge M , Peterson DE , Woo S‐B 
Published: March 2011

Oral Diseases (2011) 17 (Suppl. 1), 7–22Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral and oropharyngeal region is the sixth most common malignancy in the world today. Despite numerous advances in treatment, long‐term survival from this disease remains poor. Early detection can decrease both morbidity and mortality associated with this neoplasm. However, screening for potentially malignant disease is typically confounded by difficulty in discriminating between reactive/inflammatory lesions vs those lesions that are premalignant in nature. Furthermore, the histologic diagnosis of dysplasia can be subjective and is thus prone to a considerable range of interpretation. Similarly, no definitive, validated criteria exist for predicting which dysplastic lesions are most likely to progress to cancer over time. Given this state of science, the presence of dysplasia can only be used to indicate that an oral lesion may have an increased risk of malignant transformation. Molecular biomarkers capable of identifying the subset of lesions likely to progress to cancer are required to eliminate this clinical diagnostic dilemma. The purpose of this review is to assess the current state of knowledge regarding genetic/epigenetic alterations observed in oral mucosal premalignancy. In addition, recommendations for future research studies directed at defining the predictive capacity of specific biomarkers in this modeling are presented.