bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yielding and fruit quality of Lithuanian sweet cherry cultivars grown under the climatic and soil conditions of Warmia
Authors: Bieniek Anna , Kawecki Zdzisław , Kopytowski Jan , Zielenkiewicz Jerzy 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
In 2006-2008, yielding was determined and biometric measurement as well as chemical analysis was carried out for five Lithuanian sweet cherry cultivars, ‘Agila’, ‘Seda’, ‘Vasare’, ‘Ventenue’, and ‘Jurgita’, and two cultivars commonly grown in Poland, ‘Ulster’ and ‘Burlat’. Trees grafted on Mazzard seedlings were planted in 2002 in the orchard of the Pozorty Experimental and Production Institute in the village of Łęgajny near Olsztyn. The highest mean yield for the tested cultivars was obtained in 2008, while the lowest was in 2007, when the highest ground frosts were recorded during the cherry blossoming period. During the three years of research, the highest mean yield for the Lithuanian sweet cherry cultivars was established for the ‘Vasare’ cultivar, which together with the ‘Burlat’ cultivar made a homogenous group of the highest values. The mean fruit weight of the Lithuanian cultivars was lower than in the case of ‘Burlat’ and ‘Ulster’, while the largest fruit amongst the Lithuanian cultivars were recorded for ‘Jurgita’ and ‘Agila’. The chemical composition analysis of fruit revealed significant differences both between the cultivars and the years of the research. The fruits of the studied cultivars accumulated the lowest amounts of total saccharides and vitamin C in the coolest year under analysis, 2007. The highest mean of total saccharide content was recorded for fruit of the ‘Vasare’ and ‘Seda’ cultivars. Fruit of the ‘Agila’ cultivar accumulated the highest amounts of organic acids and vitamin C.
The effect of foliar application of urea, Mo and BA on nitrate metabolism in lettuce leaves in the spring and summer-autumn seasons
Authors: Wojciechowska Renata , Kowalska Iwona 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
‘Melodion’ butter lettuce was grown on rockwool slabs in a film tunnel in the spring and summer-autumn seasons. The following experimental factors were investigated: foliar application with a solution of urea (1%), Mo (1 mg dm-3) and benzyladenine (5 mg BA dm-3) and light conditions in the film tunnel (films covering two parts of the tunnel differed in light permeability for PAR radiation). The nitrate metabolism was studied before application, three days after treatment and on the harvest day (seven days after application). Higher light intensity stimulated nitrate reductase activity, ammonium ions and soluble sugars, while fewer nitrates were observed in lettuce leaves. In the spring season, the least nitrate ions occurred as a consequence of urea + Mo nutrition, and when BA was added in the summer-autumn. Moreover, a positive effect on soluble sugar content was also observed when BA was used. In the spring, BA stimulated nitrate and nitrite reductase activities in the leaves of lettuce that had received less light.
The effect of BA and GA3 on the shoot multiplication of in vitro cultures of Polish wild roses
Authors: Pawłowska Bożena 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The experiment was conducted using five species of roses naturally occurring in Poland: Rosa agrestis (fieldbriar rose), R. canina (dog rose), R. dumalis (glaucous dog rose), R. rubiginosa (sweetbriar rose), and R. tomentosa (whitewooly rose), from the in vitro collection of the Department of Ornamental Plants of the University of Agriculture in Kraków. We examined the effect of cytokinin BA (1-10 μM) added to an MS medium (Murashige and Skoog 1962) on auxiliary shoot multiplication. The second group of test media contained BA (1-5 μM) and gibberellin GA3 (0.3-1.5 μM). The cultures were maintained at a phytotron temperature of 23/25°C (night/day), 80% relative humidity, with a 16-hour photoperiod and PPFD of 30 μmol m-2 s-1, and cultured in five-week cycles. The highest multiplication rate was obtained for R. canina and R. rubiginosa (4.1 shoots per one explant) and R. dumalis (2.9 shoots per one explant), when shoots were multiplied on an MS medium supplemented with 1 μM BA and 1.5 μM GA3. Multiplication was the weakest in Rosa tomentosa independent of the medium used.
Effect of umbel position on dill (Anethum graveolens L.) plants growing in field stands on selected seed stalk features
Authors: Hołubowicz Roman , Morozowska Maria 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Research was carried out on the effect of the umbel position on the ‘Amat’ dill (Anethum graveolens L.) plant on selected features of the seed stalk in the years 2002-2004. Commercial seeds of the species were sown on a small production field and grown for the purpose of producing seeds. Out of the field plant stands, three hundred plants were randomly selected. The following morphological features were then measured in respect to the seed stalk architecture in these plants: the length of the seed stalk, number of branches with primary, secondary and tertiary umbels, length of branches with primary umbels, as well as the main and primary umbel diameters. In addition, seed yield per plant, the weight of 1000 seeds, germination capacity, seed length and width, seed embryo and endosperm lengths for seeds from the main and primary umbels were also calculated and measured. Additionally, the main and primary umbels were divided into three parts: external, middle and internal, and seeds from each were examined separately. The position of the umbel on the seed stalk did not affect the number of branches with primary, secondary, and tertiary umbels on the dill plant and had no effect on its seed stalk architecture. There was no significant difference within the position of the main and primary umbels on the seed stalk grown in field stands. The diameter of the main umbel was the same as the primary one. The lower its position on the seed stalk, the lower the seed yield and germination capacity. The best seeds, in terms of their 1000 seed weight, came from the external part of the main umbel. The different localisation of seeds within the three designated parts of the main umbel had no effect on seed length or width or on their endosperm and embryo lengths. The recorded seed embryo length from the internal part of the primary umbel was smaller than its values from the two other parts of that umbel.
An enthalpy formulation for glaciers and ice sheets
Authors: Aschwanden Andy , Bueler Ed , Khroulev Constantine , Blatter Heinz 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPolythermal conditions are ubiquitous among glaciers, from small valley glaciers to ice sheets. Conventional temperature-based ‘cold-ice’ models of such ice masses cannot account for that portion of the internal energy which is latent heat of liquid water within temperate ice, so such schemes are not energy-conserving when temperate ice is present. Temperature and liquid water fraction are, however, functions of a single enthalpy variable: a small enthalpy change in cold ice is a change in temperature, while a small enthalpy change in temperate ice is a change in liquid water fraction. The unified enthalpy formulation described here models the mass and energy balance for the threedimensional ice fluid, for the surface runoff layer and for the subglacial hydrology layer, together in a single energy-conserving theoretical framework. It is implemented in the Parallel Ice Sheet Model. Results for the Greenland ice sheet are compared with those from a cold-ice scheme. This paper is intended to be an accessible foundation for enthalpy formulations in glaciology.
Review of New WorldSericomyia(Diptera: Syrphidae), including description of a new species
Authors: Skevington Jeffrey H. , Thompson F. Christian 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe 19 New World species ofSericomyiaMeigen are reviewed, including one species new to North America (Sericomyia jakutica(Stackelberg)) and one previously undescribed species (Sericomyia vockerothiSkevingtonsp. nov.from Alberta, Minnesota, Northwest Territories, Quebec, and Yukon Territory).Mallota powelliNayar and Cole is recognized as a junior synonym ofSericomyia flagrans(Osten Sacken). A description and illustrations ofS. vockerothiand an illustrated key to New WorldSericomyiaare presented. DNA barcode data are presented for 14 New World species and a cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene tree is presented and discussed. Genetic evidence supports the contention that the subgenera ofSericomyiaare not monophyletic.ArctophilaSchiner andConosyprhusFrey are thus proposed as junior synonyms ofSericomyia.
Combination Therapy with Focal Laser Photocoagulation and Intravitreal Ranibizumab for Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy: a Case Series
Authors: Mitry Danny , Patra Sudeshna 
Published: March 2012

Purpose. The study aim is to describe the clinical outcomes of patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) treated with focal argon laser photocoagulation and ranibizumab combination therapy. Methods. This study is a retrospective case series of 6 patients (6 eyes) diagnosed with PCV who received combination therapy with argon laser photocoagulation and ranibizumab and have at least 12 months follow-up. Argon laser photocoagulation was applied directly to the polypoidal lesions as identified on indocyanine green angiography and followed by a course of intravitreal ranibizumab injections. The primary outcome measures were the mean change in logMAR visual acuity and the mean change in central macular thickness (CMT) at final follow-up. Results. The mean (SD) duration of follow-up was 1.09 (0.22) years. At the final follow-up the difference (95% confidence interval [CI]) in logMAR acuity was 0.48 (0.10-0.74) (p=0.01) and the difference (95% CI) in CMT was 207 μm (35-490) (p=0.02) on optical coherence tomography. The mean (SD) number of ranibizumab injections per eye was 4.83 (3.6). The mean (SD) number of laser treatments per eye was 1.16 (0.4). Conclusions. In this study, combination therapy with focal argon laser photocoagulation and intravitreal ranibizumab resulted in improved visual acuity and clinical outcomes for patients with PCV for up to 1 year.
Treatment of multilevel macular hemorrhage secondary to retinal arterial macroaneurysm with submacular tissue plasminogen activator
Authors: Sonmez Kenan , Ozturk Faruk , Ozcan Pehmen Y. 
Published: March 2012

Purpose. To evaluate the efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) followed by internal limiting membrane (ILM) removal and injection of subretinal recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA)–assisted pneumatic displacement in eyes with massive multilevel macular hemorrhage caused by ruptured retinal arterial macroaneurysm (RAMA). Methods. Four eyes of 4 patients treated with PPV for recent (≤7 days) macular hemorrhage at both beneath the ILM and subretinal space involving the center of the fovea caused by RAMA were included in the study. In each case, following PPV, ILM removal, subretinal injection of rtPA (12.5 µg/0.1 mL), and fluid-air exchange with postoperative prone positioning was performed. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination was performed at the initial and the follow-up visits. Results. Duration of symptoms ranged from 3 to 7 days (average, 4.5±1.9 days). Preoperative visual acuity ranged from hand motions to 20/800. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 18 months (average, 13±5.2 months). The postoperative visual acuity improved in all eyes and ranged from 20/100 to 20/30 (mean, 20/50). At the final visit, OCT examination revealed well-preserved foveal structure in all eyes. Mild nuclear sclerosis developed in one eye. Conclusions. Pars plana vitrectomy followed by ILM removal and injection of subretinal rtPA-assisted pneumatic displacement appears to be effective in both improving visual acuity and preserving the foveal structure in eyes with recent massive multilevel macular hemorrhage secondary to RAMA.
Selectivity, Kinetics, and Efficiency of Reversible Anion Exchange with TcO4− in a Supertetrahedral Cationic Framework
Authors: Wang Shuao , Yu Ping , Purse Bryant A. , Orta Matthew J. , Diwu Juan , Casey William H. , Phillips Brian L. , Alekseev Evgeny V. , Depmeier Wulf , Hobbs David T. , Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas E. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract[ThB5O6(OH)6][BO(OH)2]·2.5H2O (Notre Dame Thorium Borate‐1, NDTB‐1) is an inorganic supertetrahedral cationic framework material that is derived from boric acid flux reactions. NDTB‐1 exhibits facile single crystal to single crystal anion exchange with a variety of common anions such as Cl−, Br−, NO3−, IO3−, ClO4−, MnO4−, and CrO42−. More importantly, NDTB‐1 is selective for the removal of TcO4− from nuclear waste streams even though there are large excesses of competing anions such as Cl−, NO3−, and NO2−. Competing anion exchange experiments and magic‐angle spinning (MAS)‐NMR spectroscopy of anion‐exchanged NDTB‐1 demonstrate that this unprecedented selectivity originates from the ability of NDTB‐1 to trap TcO4− within cavities, whereas others remain mobile within channels in the material. The exchange kinetics of TcO4− in NDTB‐1 are second‐order with the rate constant k2 of 0.059 s−1 M−1. The anion exchange capacity of NDTB‐1 for TcO4− is 162.2 mg g−1 (0.5421 mol mol−1) with a maximum distribution coefficient Kd of 1.0534 × 104 mL g−1. Finally, it is demonstrated that the exchange for TcO4− in NDTB‐1 is reversible. TcO4− trapped in NDTB‐1 can be exchanged out using higher‐charged anions with a similar size such as PO43− and SeO42−, and therefore the material can be easily recycled and reused.
Wearing Comfort of temperature‐adaptable textiles by dual‐phase coatings between phase‐change materials and silicon carbide particles
Authors: Park Youngmi , Kim Eunae 
Published: March 2012

AbstractTwo different thermally enhancing coating materials, namely, phase‐change materials (PCMs) and silicon carbide (SiC), which are both capable of managing heat storage, were coated directly onto breathable waterproof nylon, either alone or together. The comfort properties of 20 wt % PCM‐coated fabric (20PCM) and 20 wt % PCM/SiC dual‐coated fabric (SC–20PCM) were compared with those of a control in a human clothing environment (HCE) system and a wear trial test. The changes in the heat and moisture transfer were examined by measurement of the microclimate temperature (Tmi) and microclimate relative humidity (RHmi) of the coated fabrics with an HCE system. In addition, Tmi, RHmi, and subjective sensations in the wear trials were evaluated. With dry heat transfer in the HCE, the thermal insulation decreased in following order: SC–20PCM > 20PCM > Control. However, SiC could not function in the presence of simulated perspiration. The moisture‐buffering capacity in the outermost layer decreased when the fabrics were coated with 20PCM and SC–20PCM. In the wear trials, the subjects were unable to distinguish any difference in the thermal comfort between the garments, even though the Tmi of the SC–20PCM garments was 2.5°C higher than that of the control garments. Moreover, they did not report any significant differences in the humidity or comfort sensations between the test garments. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
The effects of passive and active learning on student preference and performance in an undergraduate basic science course
Authors: Minhas Paras Singh , Ghosh Arundhati , Swanzy Leah 
Published: March 2012

AbstractActive learning is based on self‐directed and autonomous teaching methods, whereas passive learning is grounded in instructor taught lectures. An animal physiology course was studied over a two‐year period (Year 1, n = 42 students; Year 2, n = 30 students) to determine the effects of student‐led seminar (andragogical) and lecture (pedagogical) teaching methods on students' retention of information and performance. For each year of the study, the course was divided into two time periods. The first half was dedicated to instructor‐led lectures, followed by a control survey in which the students rated the efficiency of pedagogical learning on a five‐point Likert scale from one (strongly disagree) to five (strongly agree). During the second period, students engaged in andragogical learning via peer‐led seminars. An experimental survey was then administered to students using the same scale as above to determine students' preferred teaching method. Raw examination scores and survey results from both halves of the course were statistically analyzed by ANOVA with Newman‐Keuls multiple comparison test. By the end of the study, student preference for peer‐led seminars increased [mean ± SD: (2.47 ± 0.94)/(4.03 ± 1.36), P < 0.04], and examination scores significantly increased [mean ± SD: (73.91% ± 13.18)/(85.77 ± 5.22), P < 0.001]. A majority of students (68.8%) preferred a method that contained peer‐led seminars and instructor‐led lectures. These results may indicate that integration of active and passive learning into undergraduate courses may have greater benefit in terms of student preference and performance than either method alone. Anat Sci Educ. © 2012 American Association of Anatomists.
Experimental evidence for improved neuroimaging interpretation using three‐dimensional graphic models
Authors: Ruisoto Pablo , Juanes Juan Antonio , Contador Israel , Mayoral Paula , Prats‐Galino Alberto 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) or volumetric visualization is a useful resource for learning about the anatomy of the human brain. However, the effectiveness of 3D spatial visualization has not yet been assessed systematically. This report analyzes whether 3D volumetric visualization helps learners to identify and locate subcortical structures more precisely than classical cross‐sectional images based on a two dimensional (2D) approach. Eighty participants were assigned to each experimental condition: 2D cross‐sectional visualization vs. 3D volumetric visualization. Both groups were matched for age, gender, visual‐spatial ability, and previous knowledge of neuroanatomy. Accuracy in identifying brain structures, execution time, and level of confidence in the response were taken as outcome measures. Moreover, interactive effects between the experimental conditions (2D vs. 3D) and factors such as level of competence (novice vs. expert), image modality (morphological and functional), and difficulty of the structures were analyzed. The percentage of correct answers (hit rate) and level of confidence in responses were significantly higher in the 3D visualization condition than in the 2D. In addition, the response time was significantly lower for the 3D visualization condition in comparison with the 2D. The interaction between the experimental condition (2D vs. 3D) and difficulty was significant, and the 3D condition facilitated the location of difficult images more than the 2D condition. 3D volumetric visualization helps to identify brain structures such as the hippocampus and amygdala, more accurately and rapidly than conventional 2D visualization. This paper discusses the implications of these results with regards to the learning process involved in neuroimaging interpretation. Anat Sci Educ. © 2012 American Association of Anatomists.
Gold Catalysis: One‐Pot Alkylideneoxazoline Synthesis/Alder‐Ene Reaction
Authors: Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Littmann Anna 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBased on the gold‐catalyzed synthesis of methyleneoxazolines, a one‐pot combination with an Alder‐ene reaction was developed. For azodicarboxylates, good to very good yields (51–99 %) of the oxazolemethylhydrazinedicarboxylates were achieved with 3 mol % of the Gagosz catalyst, [Ph3PAuNTf3]. In a less‐selective reaction, 4‐phenyl‐3H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3,5(4 H)‐dione gave lower yields (41–49 %) of the corresponding oxazolemethylphenyltriazolidinediones. Overall, five new bonds were formed. Tetracyanoethylene afforded a cyclobutane derivative through a [2+2] cycloaddition reaction at −40 °C, but only 45 % of the spiro compound was obtained. The less‐readily available KITPHOS ligands on gold gave even higher yields at lower catalyst loadings (2 mol %), but longer reaction times were required.
Chondrogenic phenotype of different cells encapsulated in κ‐carrageenan hydrogels for cartilage regeneration strategies
Authors: Popa Elena , Reis Rui , Gomes Manuela 
Published: March 2012

AbstractEngineering articular cartilage substitutes using hydrogels with encapsulated cells is an approach that has received increasing attention in recent years. Hydrogels based on κ‐carrageenan (κC), a thermoreversible natural‐origin polymer, have been recently proposed as new cell/growth factor delivery vehicles for regenerative medicine. In this work, we report the potential of such hydrogels encapsulating either human‐adipose‐derived stem cells (hASCs), human nasal chondrocytes (hNCs), or a chondrocytic cell line (ATDC5) for cartilage regeneration strategies. The in vitro cellular behavior of the encapsulated cells within κC hydrogel was analyzed after different culturing periods using biochemical assays and histological and real‐time reverse‐transcription PCR analysis. The three types of cells encapsulated in κC hydrogels showed good cellular viability and proliferation up to 21 days of culture, and the cell‐laden hydrogels were positive for specific cartilage markers. In summary, the results demonstrate that hASCs embedded in κC hydrogels proliferate faster and exhibit higher expression levels of typical cartilage markers as compared with hNCs or ATDC5 cells. Based on these data, it is possible to conclude that κC hydrogel provides a good support for culture and differentiation of encapsulated cells and that hASCs may provide an advantageous alternative to primary chondrocytes, currently used in clinical treatments of cartilage defects/diseases.
Effects of embryonic hypoxia on lip formation
Authors: Nagaoka Ryosuke , Okuhara Shigeru , Sato Yutaka , Amagasa Teruo , Iseki Sachiko 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe upper lip is formed by the fusion of facial processes, a process in which many genetic and environmental factors are involved. Embryonic hypoxia is induced by uterine anemia and the administration of vasoconstrictors during pregnancy. To define the relationship between hypoxia and upper lip formation, hypoxic conditions were created in a whole embryo culture system. Hypoxic embryos showed a high frequency of impaired fusion, reflecting failure in the growth of the lateral nasal process (LNP). In hypoxic embryos, cell proliferation activity in the LNP mesenchyme was decreased following downregulation of genes that are involved in lip formation. We also observed upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression along with the induction of apoptosis in the LNP. These results suggest that embryonic hypoxia during lip formation induces apoptosis in physiologically hypoxic regions, hypoxia‐induced gene expression and downregulation of the genes involved in maxillofacial morphogenesis as immediate responses, followed by reduction of mesenchymal cell proliferation activity, resulting in insufficient growth of the facial processes. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.