bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biohydrogen production from glucose, molasses and cheese whey by suspended and attached cells of four hyperthermophilic Thermotoga strains
Authors: Cappelletti Martina , Bucchi Giacomo , De Sousa Mendes Jocelia , Alberini Andrea , Fedi Stefano , Bertin Lorenzo , Frascari Dario 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Bio‐hydrogen production from organic residues is an attractive process that combines energy generation with waste treatment. This work describes hydrogen production from molasses and cheese whey by biofilm and suspended‐cells of four hyperthermophilic Thermotoga spp. For the best performing strain, a preliminary process optimization was performed.RESULTS: In experiments with glucose‐fed T. neapolitana, HEPES was the best‐performing buffer, whereas the highest H2 rate was obtained with the biofilm support exposing the highest specific surface. All the Thermotoga strains tested (T. neapolitana, T. maritima, T. naphtophila, T. petrophila) were able to produce H2 from glucose, molasses and cheese whey under both suspended‐ and attached‐cell conditions. T. neapolitana was the best H2 producer with all three substrates. The best H2 production rate was higher on molasses (1.7 mmolH2 L$_{\rm {medium}}^{-1}$ h−1) than on cheese whey (0.94 mmolH2 L$_{\rm {medium}}^{-1}$ h−1), whereas the highest H2/substrate yields were similar for the two substrates (2.95 molH2 mol$_{\rm {monosaccharide consumed}}^{-1}$ on molasses and 2.50 molH2 mol$_{\rm {monosaccharide consumed}}^{-1}$ on cheese whey). With both wastes, the progressive growth medium simplification allowed a drastic reduction of medium cost, without significant losses of process performance.CONCLUSION: Both molasses and cheese whey are suitable substrates for H2 production by suspended‐ and attached‐cells of Thermotoga species. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Climatology and recent increase of westerly winds over the Amundsen Sea derived from six reanalyses
Authors: Bracegirdle Thomas J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe observed acceleration of glaciers from West Antarctica into the Amundsen Sea is estimated to be contributing 6% to current sea‐level rise with the estimated potential to add 0.24 m to global sea level. Stronger westerly winds over the Amundsen Sea can increase the flow of relatively warm ocean water to the base of ice shelves that flow from glaciers into the Amundsen Sea. Thinning of the glaciers caused by this warming is a potentially important factor in driving the observed acceleration of glaciers. However, the climatology of winds in the region has not been extensively studied due to a lack of in situ observational long‐term records. Here six different reanalysis datasets are assessed (CFSR, ERA‐40, ERA‐Interim, JRA‐25, MERRA and NNR1) to determine a best estimate of variability and change since 1979 when the widespread monitoring of the atmosphere from satellites was introduced. A comparison with independent mean sea‐level pressure data from ice drifting buoys shows that ERA‐Interim is clearly the most accurate at capturing the details of individual weather systems over the neighbouring Bellingshausen Sea, implying that it is also accurate over the Amundsen Sea. In terms of climatological means, the five recently‐produced (after ∼2000) reanalysis datasets show only small differences. Decadal variations of westerly winds congruent with the observed increases in the southern annular mode (SAM) index are a consistent feature across the reanalysis datasets. In particular, the strong seasonal dependence of observed trends in the SAM (i.e. significant positive trends in the summer and autumn in recent decades) is also seen in the strength of westerly winds over the Amundsen Sea. In terms of year‐to‐year variability, the annual mean westerly winds over the Amundsen Sea were found to be significantly correlated with the SAM in summer (r = 0.35; p≤0.05) and El Nino‐Southern Oscillation in spring (September to November) (r = 0.41; p≤0.05). Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Local and intralesional therapy of in‐transit melanoma metastases
Authors: Testori Alessandro , Faries Mark B. , Thompson John F. , Pennacchioli E. , Deroose Jan P. , van Geel Albertus N. , Verhoef Cornelis , Verrecchia Francesco , Soteldo Javier 
Published: March 2012

AbstractRegional relapse of melanoma may occur as satellite or in‐transit metastases proximal to the primary tumor in the direction of the lymph flow. The management of in‐transit metastases is challenging because the efficacy of treatment is largely dictated by the biological behavior of the patient's melanoma. This review examines local treatment modalities. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 104:391–396. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DEGRADATION OF SPRINGS IN THE ARAVA VALLEY: ANTHROPOGENIC AND CLIMATIC FACTORS
Authors: Bruins H. J. , Sherzer Z. , Ginat H. , Batarseh S. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTGroundwater pumping in the hyper‐arid Arava Valley began in 1936 for industrial use, south of the Dead Sea, and since 1949 for domestic and agricultural use with the establishment of Eilat. Pumping gradually increased with the founding of 19 rural villages throughout the Arava Valley. Groundwater levels dropped as a result, and springs in the Arava Valley began to deteriorate. Their status had not been studied for decades, and we conducted comprehensive fieldwork of virtually all the known springs on the Israeli side of the Arava Valley, 31 springs, within the period 2008–2010. Our objectives were (i) to determine the current condition of each spring, (ii) to study spring deterioration through time in relation to historical data and (iii) to evaluate anthropogenic and climatic factors through time. Our results reveal that only 13 springs discharged water on the landscape surface and 18 springs were found dry. Detailed evaluations and time‐series analyses are presented for the springs: 'Ein Tamar, 'Ein Mashak, 'Ein Evrona and 'Ein Netafim, selected on the basis of geodiversity. Climatic trends in the region were studied using the novel P/PET aridity index (P = annual precipitation, PET = annual potential evapotranspiration). We calculated yearly P/PET values since 1970 for five meteorological stations in Israel and six stations in Jordan. All stations, without exception, show a negative downward trend toward increasing aridity, often with significant p values (below 0·10). The change to a drier climate in the region should be considered as an important factor regarding sustainable groundwater management in the Arava Valley. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Passivation techniques for InAs/GaSb strained layer superlattice detectors
Authors: Plis Elena A. , Kutty Maya Narayanan , Krishna Sanjay 
Published: March 2012

AbstractInAs/(In,Ga)Sb Strained Layer Superlattices (SLSs) have made significant progress since they were first proposed as an infrared (IR) sensing material more than three decades ago. The basic material properties of SLS provide a prospective benefit in the realization of IR imagers with suppressed interband tunneling and Auger recombination processes, as well as high quantum efficiency and responsivity. With scaling of single pixel dimensions, the performance of focal plane arrays is strongly dependent on surface effects due to the large pixels’ surface/volume ratio. This article discusses the cause of surface leakage currents and various approaches of their reduction including dielectric passivation, passivation with organic materials (polyimide or various photoresists), passivation by overgrowth of wider bandgap material, and chalcogenide passivation. Performance of SLS detectors passivated by different techniques and operating in various regions of infrared spectrum has been compared.
Characterisation of the steel concrete interface submitted to chloride‐induced‐corrosion
Authors: L'Hostis V. , Amblard E. , Guillot W. , Paris C. , Bellot‐Gurlet L. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis paper deals with the characterisation by means of electrochemical, gravimetric and analytical methods of chloride‐induced‐corrosion behaviour of steel coupons embedded in chloride‐containing‐cement pastes. Corrosion rates were estimated from electrochemical measurements as well as gravimetric ones. They vary from 2.6 to 5.7 µm/year for 5 and 10 g/L chloride‐containing‐cement pastes. Analytical characterisations (including optical and electronical microscopy and Raman micro‐spectroscopy) showed that corrosion patterns are not depending on the chloride content of the cement paste (5 and 10 g/L chloride in the interstitial solution). A localised corrosion pattern composed of pits growing inside the metallic substratum, a corrosion products layer (CPL) and a transformed medium (TM) was pointed out. CPL can be divided into two sub‐layers (CPL1 and CPL2), characterised by the presence or absence of calcium coming from the cement matrix.
11.81 mW 3.1–10.6 GHz ultra‐wideband low‐noise amplifier with 2.87 ± 0.19 dB noise figure and 12.52 ± 0.81 dB gain using 0.18 μm CMOS technology
Authors: Wu Chia‐Hsing , Lin Yo‐Sheng , Wang Chien‐Chin 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA 3.1–10.6 GHz ultra‐wideband low‐noise amplifier (UWB LNA) with excellent phase linearity property (group‐delay variation is only ±15.79 ps across the whole band) using standard 0.18 μm CMOS technology is reported.Both high and flat power gain (S21) and low and flat noise figure (NF) frequency responses are achieved by tuning the pole frequencies and pole quality factors of the second‐order gain and NF frequency responses to approximate the maximally flat condition simultaneously. The LNA dissipates 11.81 mW power and achieves input return loss (S11) smaller than −10.25 dB, high and flat S21 of 12.52 ± 0.81 dB, and low and flat NF of 2.87 ± 0.19 dB over the 3.1–10.6 GHz band. To the author's knowledge, this is one of the lowest NFs ever reported for a 3.1–10.6 GHz CMOS UWB LNA. The measured 1‐dB compression point and input third‐order intermodulation point are −16 and −6.2 dBm, respectively, at 6 GHz. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1445–1450, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26813
Signal filtering technique to remove Doppler clutter caused by wind turbines
Authors: Naqvi Aale , Ling Hao 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe construct a physics‐based basis to model the radar backscattering from a wind turbine. This basis is used in conjunction with the matching pursuit algorithm to iteratively remove the Doppler clutter due to wind turbines. The algorithm is tested using radar return generated using the high‐frequency electromagnetic simulation code Ahilo. It is shown that the presence of multiple turbines overwhelms the return from a weak moving target. However, the target is revealed once the filtering algorithm is applied. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1455–1460, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26819
Triple‐feed circularly polarized triangular slot antenna using metamaterial transmission lines
Authors: Chung Kwok L. , Wong Chi‐Ho , Cheung Pak‐Laam , Chan Ka‐Ho 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis article presents a metamaterial transmission‐line‐based triple‐feed network, which is meant for wideband circularly polarized antennas. The feed network itself is capable of an octave bandwidth, from 1.6 to 3.2 GHz, for an amplitude error of ±0.5 dB and phase error of ±10°. Prototype of a triangular slot antenna was implemented to validate the proposed triple‐feed network. The measurement results show that the entire antenna has an impedance bandwidth (standing‐wave‐ratio ≤ 2) of 73.4%, whereas the 3‐dB axial‐ratio bandwidth is obtained at 27%. Bidirectional beam patterns with opposed polarization senses have been observed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1419–1423, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26821
Two‐level preconditioning technique based on sparse recursive Cholesky factorization for fast monostatic RCS computation
Authors: Zhang Ke‐Di , Xu Jin‐Ping , Wang Wen‐Bo 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAn efficient two‐level preconditioning technique based on sparse recursive Cholesky factorization (SRCF) is proposed to solve linear equations in monostatic radar cross section computation.The SRCF preconditioner is used as the first level preconditioning, and a spectral preconditioner, constructed from the eigenvectors of the SRCF preconditioned system, is adopted as the second level preconditioning. The resultant linear systems are solved by restarted generalized minimal residual method. Multilevel fast multipole algorithm is implemented to accelerate computation and reduce memory requirement. Numerical results demonstrate the proposed method is efficient in reducing the number of matrix‐vector product, and speed‐up factors of 4.26 and 5.89 are observed for electromagnetic scattering by a perfect electric conductor almond and a civil aircraft model, respectively. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1483–1488, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26823
Dual‐band bandpass filter with controllable bandwidth and good selectivity by using stub‐loaded resonators
Authors: Wu Xiao‐Hu , Chu Qing‐Xin , Chen Fu‐Chang 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA microstrip dual‐band bandpass filter (BPF) with controllable bandwidth and good selectivity is proposed.The two bands are realized by using stub‐loaded resonators, that is, open‐stub loaded resonator (OSLR) and short‐stub loaded resonator (SSLR). The first band is realized by the combination of the even‐mode of SSLR and the odd‐mode of OSLR, while the second band is realized by the combination of the odd‐mode of SSLR and the even‐mode of OSLR, thus, the coupling of each band could be controlled by independently adjusting the mode frequencies of resonators, and transmission zeros are introduced due to the multipath effect beside each passband. A 2.4/3.5 GHz dual‐band filter with good selectivity and good stopband performance is designed and fabricated. The measured results agree well with the simulated predictions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1525–1528, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26830
Low‐power 24 GHz CMOS receiver front‐end using isolation enhancement technique for automatic radar systems
Authors: Chen Yong‐Chin , Hsuan Wang Chiu , Lin Yo‐Sheng 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis article describes a monolithic receiver front‐end comprising a low‐noise amplifier, a dual‐gate mixer, and an intermediate‐frequency (IF) amplifier implemented in a standard 0.18 μm CMOS technology. Over the frequency band of interest, flat and high conversion‐gain (CG) and flat and low noise‐figure (NF) are achieved simultaneously by adopting slightly under‐damped Q‐factors for the second‐order CG and NF frequency responses. To suppress the high‐frequency noise and to enhance the RF–IF and LO–IF isolation, RC low‐pass filters (i.e., IF filters) are added at output of the dual‐gate mixer and the cascode IF amplifier. The receiver front‐end dissipates 16.4 mW and exhibits an NF of 6.86 dB and a CG of 22.26 dB at 24 GHz. In addition, excellent isolation is also achieved. The measured LO–IF, RF–IF, and LO–RF isolation is −31.31, −49.36, and −58.93 dB, respectively, at 24 GHz. The chip area is only 1.21 × 0.7 mm2, that is, 0.847 mm2, excluding the test pads. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1471–1476, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26835
Evidence‐based guideline: Neuromuscular ultrasound for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Cartwright Michael S. , Hobson‐Webb Lisa D. , Boon Andrea J. , Alter Katharine E. , Hunt Christopher H. , Flores Victor H. , Werner Robert A. , Shook Steven J. , Thomas T. Darrell , Primack Scott J. , Walker Francis O. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to develop an evidence‐based guideline for the use of neuromuscular ultrasound in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Methods: Two questions were asked: (1) What is the accuracy of median nerve cross‐sectional area enlargement as measured with ultrasound for the diagnosis of CTS? (2) What added value, if any, does neuromuscular ultrasound provide over electrodiagnostic studies alone for the diagnosis of CTS? A systematic review was performed, and studies were classified according to American Academy of Neurology criteria for rating articles of diagnostic accuracy (question 1) and for screening articles (question 2). Results: Neuromuscular ultrasound measurement of median nerve cross‐sectional area at the wrist is accurate and may be offered as a diagnostic test for CTS (Level A). Neuromuscular ultrasound probably adds value to electrodiagnostic studies when diagnosing CTS and should be considered in screening for structural abnormalities at the wrist in those with CTS (Level B). Muscle Nerve 46: 287–293, 2012
Epidemiology of rhabdoid tumors of early childhood
Authors: Heck Julia E. , Lombardi Christina A. , Cockburn Myles , Meyers Travis J. , Wilhelm Michelle , Ritz Beate 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundRhabdoid tumors are a rare and aggressive cancer subtype which is usually diagnosed in early childhood. Little is known about their etiology. The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiology of rhabdoid tumors and examine their relation to perinatal characteristics.MethodsWe identified 44 atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT) of the central nervous system (CNS) and 61 rhabdoid sarcomas (renal and extra‐renal non‐CNS tumors) from California Cancer Registry records of diagnoses 1988–2007 among children <6 years of age. We randomly selected 208,178 controls from California birthrolls. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine associations between rhabdoid tumors and perinatal characteristics.ResultsAfter adjustment for demographic characteristics, low birthweight (<2,500 g) strongly increased risk for developing both rhabdoid sarcomas (OR = 2.43, 95% CI 1.09, 5.41) and AT/RT (OR = 2.99, 95% CI 1.31, 6.84). Both preterm delivery (<37 weeks gestation, OR = 2.63, 95% CI 1.34, 5.17) and late term delivery (>42 weeks, OR = 3.66, 95% CI 1.54, 8.71) also increased risk of rhabdoid sarcomas. Rhabdoid sarcoma cases (OR = 3.08, 95% CI 1.11, 8.55) and AT/RT cases (OR = 3.16, 95% CI 1.23, 8.13) also were more likely to be multiple births.ConclusionThe excess of twin pregnancies may suggest an association with infertility treatments. This is the first population‐based epidemiologic study to examine these rare tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 77–81. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prospectively examining physical activity in young adult survivors of childhood cancer and healthy controls
Authors: Hocking Matthew C. , Schwartz Lisa A. , Hobbie Wendy L. , DeRosa Branlyn Werba , Ittenbach Richard F. , Mao Jun J. , Ginsberg Jill P. , Kazak Anne E. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundThis study compares young adult survivors of childhood cancer (YASCC) and young adults without a history of serious illness/injury on physical activity levels and examines psychological predictors of physical activity in survivors over a 2‐month period.ProcedureYASCC participants (n = 117) and healthy controls (n = 148), ages 18–30, recruited during cancer survivorship clinic or primary care clinics completed self‐report measures of physical activity, health problems, psychological distress, and health beliefs (Health Perceptions, Satisfaction with Healthcare, Cognitive Competence, and Autonomy). Survivorship providers completed ratings of health problems and treatment intensity for survivors.ResultsSurvivors had significantly lower levels of physical activity than controls. Family income, survivor‐reported health problems and less positive health beliefs were associated with lower rates of physical activity. Provider‐reported survivor health problems and ratings of cancer treatment intensity were not related to survivor physical activity. Less positive survivor beliefs about their cognitive competence predicted survivor physical activity 2 months later after accounting for other pertinent demographic, medical and psychological variables.ConclusionsYASCC were significantly less active than healthy controls. YASCC with more self‐identified health problems and negative beliefs about their cognitive competence were less physically active. Beliefs about their health and cognitive competencies may be viable areas for assessment and intervention in order to promote increased engagement in physical activity. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:309–315. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electrical properties and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of multiwalled carbon nanotubes‐reinforced EMA nanocomposites
Authors: Basuli Utpal , Chattopadhyay Santanu , Nah Changwoon , Chaki Tapan Kumar 
Published: March 2012

AbstractElectrical and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) properties of the ethylene methyl acrylate (EMA)/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) nanocomposites have been studied. High resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) was used to validate the MWNTs dispersion state and network connections of its microstructure. The electrical resistance of the nanocomposites decreases significantly with MWNTs content. DC resistivity and AC conductivity measurement on the nanocomposite samples showed that the insulator to conductor transition took place within 10 wt% MWNTs concentration. It has been found that as MWNT concentration increased network connections improved. The EMI SE of the nanocomposites has also been investigated. The highest SE (∼20 dB) of these nanocomposites is realistic for an industrial application. EMA/MWNT nanocomposites provide sufficient intrinsic EMI shielding capability which may be hopeful for electrical and electronic applications. The morphology correlates well with the electrical and electromagnetic behavior of these nanocomposites. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
The distribution and morphological evolution of dispersed phase in laminating‐multiplying elements during extrusion
Authors: Shen Jiabin , Li Jiang , Guo Shaoyun 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThree kinds of polymeric blends: nylon 6/isotactic polypropylene, talc/ethylene 1‐octene copolymer, and carbon black (CB)/propylene–ethylene copolymer are prepared by applying an assembly of laminating‐multiplying elements (LMEs) connecting with an extruder. The morphological observations illustrate that those LMEs may not only provide biaxial stretching force on the melt, leading to the orientation of dispersed phase, but also make the distribution of those particles become more even. The tensile, barrier, or electrical properties are also investigated, respectively, and demonstrate the development of morphologies in LMEs. Results suggest that the laminating‐multiplying extrusion system is a useful tool to obtain polymeric composites with specific morphologies and distribution. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers