bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brief communication: Testing the usefulness of the basilar suture as a means to determine age in great ape skeletons
Authors: Poe Demelza J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA fused/closed basilar suture is usually treated as an indication of old age in great apes. A sample, drawn from a variety of sources, of known‐aged captive great ape skeletons was analyzed to test the usefulness of using the basilar suture to categorize adult skeletons as either “adult” or “old adult”. The state of closure of the basilar suture was examined in 30 chimpanzees, 19 gorillas, and 15 orangutans, all of known age. The results show that the basilar suture demonstrates a high level of uniformity in rate of closure and is closed at an early age in virtually all known‐aged individuals. Thus, an old adult category most likely includes individuals who are, in fact, relatively young. This indicates that using the basilar suture as a means to classify individual skeletons as adult or old adult is very imprecise. The homogenous nature of basilar suture closure appears to prevent meaningful application of suture status for categorizing adult ape skeletons by age groups. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Doubly special relativity in de Sitter spacetime
Authors: Mignemi S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe discuss the generalization of Doubly Special Relativity to a curved de Sitter background. The model has three fundamental observer‐independent scales, the velocity of light c, the de Sitter radius α, and the Planck energy κ, and can be realized through a nonlinear action of the de Sitter group on a noncommutative position space. We consider different choices of coordinates on the de Sitter hyperboloid that, although equivalent, may be more suitable for treating different problems. Also the momentum space can be described as a hyperboloid embedded in a five‐dimensional space, but in this case different choices of coordinates lead to inequivalent models. We investigate the kinematics and the Hamiltonian dynamics of some specific models and describe some of their phenomenological consequences. Finally, we show that it is possible to construct a model exhibiting a duality for the interchange of positions and momenta together with the interchange of α and κ.
Highly Efficient and Directional Homo‐ and Heterodimeric Energy Transfer Materials Based on Fluorescently Derivatized α,γ‐Cyclic Octapeptides
Authors: Brea Roberto J. , Pérez‐Alvite María Jesús , Panciera Michele , Mosquera Manuel , Castedo Luis , Granja Juan R. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCyclic octapeptides composed of α‐amino acids alternated with cis‐3‐aminocycloalkanecarboxylic acids, self‐assemble as drumlike dimers through β‐sheet‐like, backbone‐to‐backbone hydrogen bonding. Heterodimerization appears to be significantly more favored than homodimerization, and this represents a novel approach for the design and fabrication of highly stable heterodimeric assemblies. A multicomponent equilibrium network based on fluorescently derivatized self‐assembling α,γ‐cyclic octapeptides has been successfully used to form light‐harvesting/light‐converting ensembles with a distinctive organization of donor and acceptor units able to act as efficient artificial photosystems.
A colorectal perspective on voluntary submission of outcome data to clinical registries
Authors: Almoudaris A M , Burns E M , Bottle A , Aylin P , Darzi A , Faiz O 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Background
The aim of the study was to identify outcome differences amongst patients undergoing resection of colorectal cancer at English National Health Service trusts using Hospital Episode Statistics (HES). A comparison was undertaken of trusts that submitted and those that did not submit, or submitted only poorly, voluntarily to a colorectal clinical registry, the National Bowel Cancer Audit Programme (NBOCAP).

Methods
The NBOCAP data set was used to classify trusts according to submitter status. HES data were used for outcome analysis. Data for major resections of colorectal cancer performed between 1 August 2007 and 31 July 2008 were obtained from HES. Trusts not submitting data to NBOCAP and those submitting less than 10 per cent of their total workload were termed ‘non-submitters’. HES data for 30-day mortality, length of stay and readmission rates were compared according to submitter and non-submitter status in multifactorial analyses.

Results
A total of 17 722 patients were identified from HES for inclusion. Unadjusted 30-day in-hospital mortality rates were higher in non-submitting than in submitting trusts (5·2 versus 4·0 per cent; P = 0·005). Submitter status was independently associated with reduced 30-day mortality (odds ratio 0·76, 95 per cent confidence interval 0·61 to 0·96; P = 0·021) in regression analysis.

Conclusion
A higher postoperative mortality rate following resection of colorectal cancer was found in trusts that do not voluntarily report data to NBOCAP. Implications regarding the voluntary nature of submission to such registries should be reviewed if they are to be used for outcome benchmarking.
Amyloid Assemblies: Protein Legos at a Crossroads in Bottom‐Up Synthetic Biology
Authors: Giraldo Rafael 
Published: October 2010

AbstractOne of the major objectives that bottom‐up synthetic biology shares with chemical biology is to engineer extant biological molecules to implement novel functionalities in living systems. Proteins, due to their astonishing structural and functional versatility and to their central roles in the biology of cells, should be cornerstones of synthetic biology. In particular, protein amyloid cross‐β assemblies constitute one of the most stable, conceptually simple and universal macromolecular architectures ever found in Nature and thus have enormous potential to be explored. This article focuses on the concepts behind the use of the amyloid cross‐β‐structural framework as a synthetic biology part, underlining recent basic findings and ideas. The pros and the cons associated with the polymorphism and the cellular toxicity of protein amyloids are also discussed, keeping in mind the possible suitability of these protein assemblies for scaffolding novel orthogonal macromolecular devices in vivo.
Interaction of CO Dehydrogenase with the Cytoplasmic Membrane Monitored by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy
Authors: Spreitler Florian , Brock Christian , Pelzmann Astrid , Meyer Ortwin , Köhler Jürgen 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe have investigated the interaction of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH), an enzyme that catalyses the oxidation of CO in the aerobic eubacterium Oligotropha carboxidovorans, with the cytoplasmic membrane by using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). Our results reveal that in vitro this interaction of CODH is specific for cytoplasmic membranes from CO‐grown bacteria.
An Atomic‐Scale View of Palladium Alloys and their Ability to Dissociate Molecular Hydrogen
Authors: Baber Ashleigh E. , Tierney Heather L. , Lawton Timothy J. , Sykes E. Charles H. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPalladium and its alloys play a central role in a wide variety of industrially important applications such as hydrogen reactions, separations, storage devices, and fuel‐cell components. Alloy compositions are complex and often heterogeneous at the atomic‐scale and the exact mechanisms by which many of these processes operate have yet to be discovered. Herein, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has been used to investigate the atomic‐scale structure of Pd–Au and Pd–Cu bimetallics created by depositing Pd on both Au(111) and Cu(111) single crystals at a variety of surface temperatures. We demonstrated that individual, isolated Pd atoms in an inert Cu matrix are active for the dissociation of hydrogen and subsequent spillover onto Cu sites. Our results indicated that H spillover was facile on Pd–Cu at 420 K but that no H was found under the same H2 flux on a Pd–Au sample with identical atomic composition and geometry. In the case of Au, significant H uptake was only observed when larger ensembles of Pd were present in the form of nanoparticles. We report experimental evidence for hydrogen’s ability to reverse the tendency of Pd to segregate into the Au surface at catalytically relevant temperatures and our STM images reveal a novel H‐induced striped structure in which Pd atoms aggregated on top of the surface in regularly spaced rows. These results demonstrate the powerful influence an inert substrate has on the catalytic activity of Pd atoms supported in or on its surface and reveal how the atomic‐scale geometry of Pd–Au alloys is greatly affected by the presence of hydrogen.
Zn(II) Ion Biosorption onto Surface of Eucalyptus Leaf Biomass: Isotherm, Kinetic, and Mechanistic Modeling
Authors: Mishra Vishal , Balomajumder Chandrajit , Agarwal Vijay Kumar 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBioremediation of Zn(II) by biosorption across aqueous phase on to surface of eucalyptus leaf powder has been investigated in present research work. The adsorptive potential of eucalyptus leaf powder was evaluated as function of pH, temperature, contact time, agitation rate and particle size. Maximum metal ion uptake and percentage removal capacity of eucalyptus leaf powder were 23.5 mg g−1 and 94%, respectively, at optimized pH 5, 20 ± 1°C, contact time 6 h, particle size 0.5 mm and agitation rate 200 rpm. The biomass surface analysis revealed the fact that the biomass surface was heterogeneous and porous in nature. The functional groups like amine, amide, carboxyl, hydroxyl, and methyl groups, significantly important for metal ion binding were present on biomass surface in tremendous amount. Additionally, the Fourier transformation IR spectrum analysis of acid and base activated eucalyptus leaf biomass ruled out all the possibilities of the presence of surface functional groups mentioned above. The reaction rate was studied by applying two rate limiting models pseudo first and pseudo second order. Pseudo second order model was found to be more suitable (R2 = 0.998) in comparison to pseudo first order (R2 = 0.724). Adsorption equilibrium of batch stirred reaction data fitting shows the dominance of Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.99) against Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.887) model with equipartitional involvement of both film and intra particle diffusion as rate limiting steps at differential status of contact time.
Separation of Vanillin and Syringaldehyde from Oxygen Delignification Spent Liquor by Macroporous Resin Adsorption
Authors: Wang Zhaojiang , Chen Kefu , Li Jun , Wang Qianqian , Guo Jie 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis paper reports on an approach for separating vanillin and syringaldehyde (VSA) from oxygen delignification spent liquor using non‐polar macroporous resin. The effects of temperature and pH on the adsorption isotherms were studied. The adsorption capacity and adsorption equilibrium constant were obtained using the Langmuir adsorption model at pH<4.5, where the ionization of the VSA to ionic forms was negligible. The standard enthalpy change was calculated using the van't Hoff equation and clearly showed that the adsorption is an exothermic process. The effect of pH on the adsorption isotherm is well‐described by a modified Langmuir model and shows that the adsorption equilibrium constant decreases significantly with the increasing pH. The VSA adsorbed on macroporous resin was eluted by ethyl ether. The separated VSA contained 37.51% vanillin, 31.88% syringaldehyde. The recoveries of VSA were 96.2 and 94.7%, respectively.
Characterization of C‐Alkyl Amidines as Bioavailable Covalent Reversible Inhibitors of Human DDAH‐1
Authors: Lluis Matthew , Wang Yun , Monzingo Arthur F. , Fast Walter , Robertus Jon D. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractC‐Alkyl amidine analogues of asymmetric Nω,Nω‐dimethyl‐L‐arginine are dual‐targeted inhibitors of both human DDAH‐1 and nitric oxide (NO) synthase, and provide a promising scaffold for the development of therapeutics to control NO overproduction in a variety of pathologies including septic shock and some cancers. Using a two‐part click‐chemistry‐mediated activity probe, a homologated series of C‐alkyl amidines were ranked for their ability to inhibit DDAH‐1 within cultured HEK 293T cells. N5‐(1‐Iminopentyl)‐L‐ornithine was determined to be the most potent compound in vitro (Kd=7 μM) as well as in cultured cells, and the binding conformation and covalent reversible mode of inhibition was investigated by comparison of interactions made with DDAH‐1 and a catalytically inactive C274S variant, as gauged by X‐ray crystallography and isothermal titration calorimetry. By interrupting the ability of the inhibitor to form a covalent bond, the contribution of this interaction could be estimated. These results suggest that further stabilization of the covalent adduct is a promising strategy for lead optimization in the design of effective reagents to block NO synthesis.
HO2 Formation from the Photoexcitation of Benzene/O2 Mixtures at 248 nm: An Energy Dependence Study
Authors: Jain Chaithanya , Parker Alexander E. , Schoemaecker Coralie , Fittschen Christa 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe energy dependence of HO2 radical formation from the irradiation of benzene (C6H6) in the presence of oxygen (O2) at 248 nm is studied. We investigate the origin of the HO2 radicals, that is, whether they originate from the reaction of O2 with products obtained by one‐ or two‐photon excitation of C6H6. The concentration–time profiles of HO2 radicals are monitored by continuous‐wave cavity ring‐down spectroscopy (cw‐CRDS) coupled to a laser photolysis reactor. HO2 radicals are detected in the first vibrational overtone of the OH stretch at 6638.20 cm−1, using a distributed feedback (DFB) diode laser. Two well‐distinguished HO2 radical‐formation phases are observed: a fast initial formation of HO2 radicals followed by a slower secondary formation. While the concentration of the initially formed HO2 species increases linearly with the excitation energy, the concentration of the secondary slow HO2 radicals appears to vary in accordance with a two‐photon process.
Self‐Assembly of a Low‐Symmetry Monodendron Containing Two Asymmetrically Linked Molecular Wedges
Authors: Lejnieks Jānis , Zhu Xiaomin , Wang Jingbo , Mourran Ahmed , Keul Helmut , Möller Martin , Anokhin Denis V. , Ivanov Dimitri A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHerein, we describe the synthesis of a low‐symmetry monodendron, 3,4‐bis(dodecyloxy)‐5‐[3,4,5‐tris(dodecyloxy)benzyloxy]benzoic acid, following a simple route which starts from gallic acid ethyl ester and does not require any protecting groups. The self‐assembled structures formed by the compound in 3D and 2D were investigated by synchrotron X‐ray scattering and scanning force microscopy (SFM). In 3D, the compound forms a stable crystalline phase with an orthorhombic lattice in which the alkyl chains connected to different benzene rings form crystalline and amorphous domains. Upon cooling from the isotropic melt the compound exhibits a monotropic smectic mesophase. In 100‐nm‐thick films on a neutral substrate the structure loses its biaxiality, adopting a hexagonal columnar structure with the columns oriented parallel to the substrate. By contrast, in ultrathin films on graphite the SFM likely reveals two crystal orientations, which can develop due to the epitaxial adsorption on the substrate of the alkyl chains pertinent to different benzene rings.
Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis
Authors: Colman Robert W. , Budzynski Andrei Z. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Congenital Deficiencies in Initiation of Blood CoagulationFactorXIIPlasma PrekallikreinPlasma KininogensInteraction of Contact‐System ProteinsFactorXIFactorIXFactorVIIIRelationship of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Blood CoagulationFactor XFactorVIIThromboplastinRegulation of Prothrombin ActivationProthrombinFactor VCoagulant Phospholipid SurfacesCalcium IonsThrombin FormationThrombin SpecificityRegulation of Thrombin ActivityHeparin and AntithrombinIIIInteraction of Thrombin With FibrinNonmammalian Inhibitors of ThrombinThrombinlike Enzymes in Snake VenomsElectron Microscopy of FibrinogenFibrinogen StructureModel of Fibrinogen MoleculeConversion of Fibrinogen to Fibrin ClotPolymerization SitesCross‐Linking of FibrinInteraction of Fibrinogen with Plasma ProteinsInteraction of Fibrinogen with CellsDegradation by Proteases other than PlasminDegradation of Fibrinogen and Fibrin by PlasminRole of Fibrin in Clot Formation and LysisPlasminogen and PlasminPlasminogen ActivatorsInhibitors of Plasminogen and PlasminPhysiological Fibrinolysis
Enhanced Ionic Conductivity in Planar Sodium‐β”‐Alumina Electrolyte for Electrochemical Energy Storage Applications
Authors: La Rosa Daniela , Monforte Giuseppe , D'Urso Claudia , Baglio Vincenzo , Antonucci Vincenzo , Aricò Antonino S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSolid Na‐β”‐Al2O3 electrolyte is prepared by a simple chemical route involving a pseudo‐boehmite precursor and thermal treatment. Boehmite powder is used for manufacturing the planar electrolyte with appropriate bulk density after firing at 1500 °C. The structure, morphology, and surface properties of precursor powders and sintered electrolytes are investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). As shown by XRD and TEM analyses, nanometer‐sized particles are obtained for the boehmite precursor and a pure crystallographic phase is achieved for the sintered electrolyte. SEM analysis of the cross‐section indicates good sintering characteristics. XPS shows a higher Na/Al atomic ratio on the surface for the planar electrolyte compared to a commercial tubular electrolyte (0.57 vs. 0.46). Energy‐dispersive X‐ray microanalysis (EDX) shows an Na/Al ratio in the bulk of 0.16, similar in the two samples. The ionic conductivity of the planar electrolyte is larger than that measured on a commercial tube of sodium‐β”‐alumina in a wide temperature range. At 350 °C, conductivity values of 0.5 S cm−1 and 0.26 S cm−1 are obtained for the planar electrolyte and the commercial tube, respectively. AC‐impedance spectra show smaller grain boundary effects in the planar electrolyte than in the tubular electrolyte. These favorable properties may increase the perspectives for applying planar Na‐β”‐Al2O3 electrolytes in high‐temperature batteries.
Coexistent non‐Hodgkins lymphoma and ductal carcinoma breast: Diagnosis on fine needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Siddiqui Farhan Asif , Maheshwari Veena , Alam Kiran , Jain Anshu 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSynchronous occurrance of multiple neoplastic processes is not very common, and the relationship between breast cancer with lymphoproliferative diseases is unusual as well. Furthermore, breast involvement by non‐Hodgkins lymphoma is a rare event and primary breast non‐Hodgkins lymphoma is even rarer. The authors take this opportunity to report a case of primary B‐cell non‐Hodgkins lymphoma breast occurring in association with invasive ductal carcinoma in a 47‐year‐old female for its rare synchronous association. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Confiscated black market products and nutritional supplements with non‐approved ingredients analyzed in the cologne doping control laboratory 2009
Authors: Kohler Maxie , Thomas Andreas , Geyer Hans , Petrou Michael , Schänzer Wilhelm , Thevis Mario 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDoping control laboratories are frequently confronted with new substances that may be misused by athletes. Besides new pharmaceuticals, where method development for their detection is dependant on the availability of the substance and corresponding administration studies, some professional and amateur athletes are using illicit ‘black market’ products, which either differ from known pharmaceuticals but cause similar effects or still are undergoing clinical trials and are therefore rarely available to doping control laboratories. In the Cologne Doping Control Laboratory, different confiscated products and legally obtained nutritional supplements were analyzed in 2009, and various findings were reported including GH‐labelled injection vials without any pharmacologically active content; combinations of products indicating the attempt to mask growth hormone abuse; unpurified long‐R3‐IGF‐1; nutritional supplements containing the growth hormone releasing peptide‐2 (GHRP‐2); and ampoules containing the selective androgen receptor modulator Andarine (S‐4). This review provides an overview on the substances that were analyzed in 2009. Ingredients relevant for doping control were identified by means of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry methods. The awareness of new products on the black market and in nutritional supplements is of utmost importance for laboratories to develop detection methods accordingly and screen for new substances as early as possible. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional interaction between Foxd3 and Pax3 in cardiac neural crest development
Authors: Nelms Brian L. , Pfaltzgraff Elise R. , Labosky Patricia A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe transcription factors Foxd3 and Pax3 are important early regulators of neural crest (NC) progenitor cell properties. Homozygous mutations of Pax3 or a homozygous NC‐specific deletion of Foxd3 cause marked defects in most NC derivatives, but neither loss of both Foxd3 alleles nor loss of one Pax3 allele alone greatly affects overall development of cardiac NC derivatives. In contrast, compound mutant embryos homozygous for a NC‐specific Foxd3 mutation and heterozygous for Pax3 have fully penetrant persistent truncus arteriosus, severe thymus hypoplasia, and midgestation lethality. Foxd3; Pax3 compound mutant embryos have increased cell death in the neural folds and a drastic early reduction of NC cells, with an almost complete absence of NC caudal to the first pharyngeal arch. The genetic interaction between these genes implicates gene dosage‐sensitive roles for Foxd3 and Pax3 in cardiac NC progenitors. Foxd3 and Pax3 act together to affect survival and maintenance of cardiac NC progenitors, and loss of these progenitors catastrophically affects key aspects of later cardiovascular development. genesis, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An examination of eating patterns in community women with bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder
Authors: Masheb Robin M. , Grilo Carlos M. , White Marney A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjective:To better understand the eating patterns of persons with eating disorders.Method:This study investigated typical eating behavior (meal frequency and snacking) and atypical eating behavior among 311 community women with on‐line questionnaires. Participants were classified with bulimia nervosa (BN;n=39), binge eating disorder (BED;n= 69), or controls (CON;n= 203).Results:In terms of typical eating behaviors, the BN group ate significantly fewer meals, particularly lunches, than the other two groups. Atypical eating, such as nibbling, eating double meals and nocturnal eating, was significantly more common in the eating disorder groups. More frequent breakfast consumption was associated with lower BMI in the BED and CON groups, and more frequent meal consumption was associated with less binge eating in the BED group only.Discussion:Our study revealed differences in typical and atypical eating patterns, and associations with weight and eating disorder behaviors among eating disorder and control groups. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010