bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anwendung eines hochfrequenten Hämmerverfahrens zur Optimierung von geschweißten Motorbauteilen bei MAN Diesel SE
Authors: Kern Annekathrin , Pinkernell Dietmar 
Published: September 2009

AbstractDas hochfrequente Hämmerverfahren HiFIT (high frequency impact treatment) zur Lebensdauerverlängerung bestehender und neuer Stahlschweißkonstruktionen konnte bei MAN Diesel SE erfolgreich eingeführt werden. Ein wesentlicher Arbeitsschritt war dabei die Entwicklung eines neuartigen Bemessungskonzeptes auf Basis bruchmechanischer Methoden. Zum einen wurde das Nachbehandlungsverfahren in der Neukonstruktion einer Ölwanne eingesetzt, um die nötigen Sicherheitsfaktoren gegen Dauerbruch darstellen zu können. Zum anderen wurde es nachträglich eingeführt, nachdem durch Spannungsmessungen an einem Fundamentrahmen die Notwendigkeit einer Verbesserung deutlich wurde. Die Anwendungsbeispiele werden im folgenden Beitrag vorgestellt. In beiden Fällen wurde durch das hochfrequente Hämmerverfahren die Dauerfestigkeit erreicht und durch Betriebserfahrung bestätigt. Damit konnte ein weiterer Schritt in Richtung eines betriebssicheren Leichtbaus von Schweißkonstruktionen erfolgreich gegangen werden.Implementation of high‐frequent hammer‐peening as an optimisation step for welded engine components at MAN Diesel SE.The high‐frequent hammer‐peening called HiFIT (high frequency impact treatment) was introduced successfully at MAN Diesel SE. As an essential step, a new fatigue assessment procedure based on fracture mechanics was developed. On one hand, the after‐treatment procedure was used in the design phase of an oil pan to achieve sufficient safety factors against fatigue fracture. On the other hand, it was adopted in an existing design of a foundation frame because in‐situ measurements have revealed the need for improvement. This paper represents the both examples of application. In both cases, the fatigue requirements have been fulfilled with the high‐frequent hammer‐peening and are approved by field‐experience. Thus, another step towards a reliable light‐weight‐design of welded components could be taken
Versuche und Anwendung hochfrequenter Hämmerverfahren als Schweißnahtnachbehandlung
Authors: Smida Michael , Senk Burkhard , Strähuber Vitus 
Published: September 2009

AbstractDie Lebensdauer von dynamisch belasteten Bauteilen aus Stahl stellt ein entscheidendes Qualitätsmerkmal von Produkten der Stahlbau Firmen dar.Der Einsatz höherfrequenter Hämmerverfahren, im Besonderen des UIT oder HiFIT‐Verfahrens, als lebensdauerverlängernde Maßnahme von ermüdungsbeanspruchten Schweißverbindungen wurde im Rahmen des REFRESH‐Forschungsprojekts erstmals wissenschaftlich untersucht.Einsatz und Wirksamkeit der Verfahren wurde von den am Projekt beteiligten Firmen an ausgeführten Bauteilen untersucht. Die Erkenntnisse aus Versuchen und praktischer Anwendung der Firmen Schachtbau Nordhausen und Maurer Söhne werden im folgenden Artikel geschildert.Tests and application of high frequency peening as a post weld treatment method.The fatigue life of dynamic loaded steel construction elements is an influential quality characteristic for products of steel fabricators.The application of high frequency peening, especially the UIT (ultrasonic impact treatment) or the HiFIT (high frequency impact treatment) as a method to extend the fatigue life of welded connections, has been investigated in course of the research project called REFRESH for the first time.The practical application and the effectiveness of high frequency peening at finished building components have been examined by building companies which are concerned to the research project. The present paper describes the tests and the practical application of the companies Schachtbau Nordhausen and Maurer Söhne.
A novel zebrafish mutant with wavy‐notochord: An effective biological index for monitoring the copper pollution of water from natural resources
Authors: Chen Yau‐Hung , Lin Ji‐Sheng 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe identified a novel zebrafish mutant that has wavy‐notochord phenotypes, such as severely twisted notochord and posterior malformations, but has normal melanocytes. Histological evidences showed that proliferating vacuolar cells extended their growth to the muscle region, and consequently caused the wavy‐notochord phenotypes. Interestingly, those malformations can be greatly reversed by exposure with copper, suggesting that copper plays an important role on wavy‐notochord phenotypes. In addition, after long‐term copper exposure, the surviving larvae derived from wavy‐notochord mutants displayed bone malformations, such as twisted axial skeleton and osteophyte. These phenotypic changes and molecular evidences of wavy‐notochord mutants are highly similar to those embryos whose lysyl oxidases activities have been inactivated. Taken together, we propose that (i) the putative mutated genes of this wavy‐notochord mutant might be highly associated with the lysyl oxidase genes in zebrafish; and (ii) this fish model is an effective tool for monitoring copper pollution of water from natural resources. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 26: 103–109, 2011.
Use of ultrasound pattern recognition by expert operators to identify borderline ovarian tumors: a study of diagnostic performance and interobserver agreement
Authors: Yazbek J. , Ameye L. , Timmerman D. , Testa A. C. , Valentin L. , Holland T. K. , Van Holsbeke C. , Jurkovic D. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the accuracy and reproducibility of ultrasound ‘pattern recognition’ for the diagnosis of borderline ovarian tumors by asking experienced ultrasound operators to evaluate representative images of different types of adnexal tumor.MethodsDigitally stored static two‐dimensional B‐mode images of representative cases of benign, borderline and invasive malignant ovarian tumors were independently assessed by three expert sonologists who had not performed the original real‐time ultrasound examination. The outcome measures included diagnostic accuracy and interobserver agreement in the diagnosis of benign, borderline or invasive malignant ovarian tumors.ResultsOne hundred and sixty‐six cases were included in the final data analysis. A correct classification was made by all three experts in 83% of the primary invasive cancers, 76% of the benign masses and in 44% of the borderline malignant tumors (P < 0.01). The experts showed a tendency to misclassify borderline tumors as benign rather than primary invasive (ratio of 8 : 1 for Expert A, 4 : 1 for B and 6 : 1 for C). The interobserver agreement between any two experts was very good when they were tested for their ability to discriminate between invasive and non‐invasive (benign and borderline) ovarian tumors (Cohen's kappa 0.85–0.88), but poorer for the discrimination between malignant (invasive and borderline) and benign tumors (kappa 0.70–0.78).ConclusionsThe accuracy of ultrasound diagnosis of borderline tumors is lower in comparison with benign and invasive malignant lesions. The diagnostic performance and interobserver agreement are better when the outcomes are dichotomized into non‐invasive and invasive malignant lesions, as opposed to the traditional diagnosis of benign and malignant tumors. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regulation of HMGCoA Reductase Activity by Policosanol and Octacosadienol, a New Synthetic Analogue of Octacosanol
Authors: Oliaro‐Bosso Simonetta , Calcio Gaudino Emanuela , Mantegna Stefano , Giraudo Enrico , Meda Claudia , Viola Franca , Cravotto Giancarlo 
Published: September 2009

AbstractOctacosa‐10,19‐dien‐1‐ol is a newly synthesized long‐chain alcohol, an unsaturated analogue of 1‐octacosanol, the major component of policosanol, the purified natural mixture of different higher aliphatic alcohols obtained from sugarcane wax. Our efficient synthetic protocol (five steps with 50% overall yield) is well suited for gram scale preparations and a rapid generation of analogues with different degrees of unsaturation. Beneficial effects of policosanol in the prevention of atherosclerosis and thromboembolic disorders have been reported and related to the inhibition of sterol biosynthesis possibly by the regulation of the activity of HMGCoA reductase mediated by AMP‐dependent kinase AMPK. We have compared the effect of octacosadienol and policosanol on the regulation of HMGCoA reductase in HUVEC and HepG2 human hepatoma cells. Octacosadienol was as effective as policosanol in inhibiting the upregulation of HMGCoA reductase, in inducing the phosphorylation of AMPK and in downregulating the HMGCoA reductase mRNA.
Temporal lobe functional activity and connectivity in young adult APOE ɛ4 carriers
Authors: Dennis Nancy A. , Browndyke Jeffrey N. , Stokes Jared , Need Anna , Burke James R. , Welsh‐Bohmer Kathleen A. , Cabeza Roberto 
Published: September 2009

BackgroundWe sought to determine if the APOE ε4 allele influences both the functional activation and connectivity of the medial temporal lobes (MTLs) during successful memory encoding in young adults.MethodsTwenty‐four healthy young adults, i.e., 12 carriers and 12 noncarriers of the APOE ε4 allele, were scanned in a subsequent‐memory paradigm, using event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging. The neuroanatomic correlates of successful encoding were measured as greater neural activity for subsequently remembered versus forgotten task items, or in short, encoding success activity (ESA). Group differences in ESA within the MTLs, as well as whole‐brain functional connectivity with the MTLs, were assessed.ResultsIn the absence of demographic or performance differences, APOE ε4 allele carriers exhibited greater bilateral MTL activity relative to noncarriers while accomplishing the same encoding task. Moreover, whereas ε4 carriers demonstrated a greater functional connectivity of ESA‐related MTL activity with the posterior cingulate and other peri‐limbic regions, reductions in overall connectivity were found across the anterior and posterior cortices.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the APOE ɛ4 allele may influence not only functional activations within the MTL, but functional connectivity of the MTLs to other regions implicated in memory encoding. Enhanced functional connectivity of the MTLs with the posterior cingulate in young adult ε4 carriers suggests that APOE may be expressed early in brain regions known to be involved in Alzheimer's disease, long before late‐onset dementia is a practical risk or consideration. These functional connectivity differences may also reflect pleiotropic effects of APOE during early development.
Challenging subtle forms of power in deliberation: A case-study on the future of Hansen's disease colonies in Brazil
Authors: Mendonça Ricardo Fabrino 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis paper analyses a micro-deliberative process in order to discuss how subtle forms of power pervade discussions and are challenged in them. The study of the First National Seminar of Former Hansen's Disease Colonies, held in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) in 2004, shows how the power to set the agenda and the power to claim credibility to one's utterances from sources other than reason may generate inequalities among participants. The analysis also reveals these forms of power are often challenged throughout communicative exchanges. Sometimes a clash of different forms of power may help in overcoming asymmetries. Based on these findings, it is suggested micro-deliberative arenas should be as heterogeneous as possible and connected to other deliberative arenas.
Management Quality, Financial and Investment Policies, and Asymmetric Information
Authors: Chemmanur Thomas J. , Paeglis Imants , Simonyan Karen 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe develop measures of the management quality of firms and make use of a unique sample of hand-collected data to examine the relationship between the reputation and quality of a firm’s management and its financial and investment policies, a relationship that has so far received little attention in the literature. We hypothesize that better and more reputable managers are able to convey the intrinsic value of their firm more credibly to outsiders, thus reducing the information asymmetry facing their firm in the equity market. Given this, firms with better and more reputable managers will have more access to the equity market, so that we expect lower leverage ratios for these firms. In addition, they will have less need to signal using dividends, so that they will have lower dividend payout ratios. Further, since better managers are likely to select better projects (having a larger net present value (NPV) for any given scale) and to implement them more ably, higher management quality will also be associated with higher levels of investment. We present evidence consistent with the above hypotheses. Our direct tests of the relationship between management quality and asymmetric information also indicate that higher management quality leads to a reduction in the extent of information asymmetry facing a firm in the equity market.
Suppression of runaway electrons during electron cyclotron resonance heating on HL-2A tokamak
Authors: YANG JIN-WEI , ZHANG YI-PO , LI XU , SONG XIAN-YING , YUAN GUO-LIANG , LIAO MIN , HU LI-QUN , LIN SHI-YAO , YANG QING-WEI 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe statistical analysis of heating effect and the cross-correlation analysis of both electron temperature and loop voltage have been done during electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH). The behavior of runaway electrons in the flat-top phase during ECRH are analyzed using experimental data. It is shown that the runaway population is indeed suppressed or even quenched when the toroidal electric field ET is reduced below the threshold electric field Eth by high-power and long-duration ECRH. The physical mechanism of runaway suppression is explored by the resonant interaction between the electron cyclotron waves and the energetic runaway electrons.
Fuelling the Dragon: China's Rise and Its Energy and Resources Extraction in Africa
Authors: Jiang Wenran 
Published: September 2009

AbstractChina's rapidly expanding role in Africa as an energy and resource extractor reveals much of the dynamics and complexities of its growing ties with the continent. Rather than studying the subject in the framework of bilateral interactions, as most existing literature does, this article explores the impact of China's domestic development process on the behaviour of Chinese foreign policy and business operations in Africa. Based on the author's extensive field research in Africa and China, the article argues that much of what the Chinese government, Chinese companies and individual entrepreneurs are doing today in Africa is an externalization of China's own modernization experiences in the past three decades. China's interactions with African countries are reflective of its own development contradictions, and major patterns of Chinese behavour in Africa can be attributed to complex motivations and objectives of the actors involved.
In It for the Long Term? Governance and Learning among Chinese Investors in Zambia's Copper Sector
Authors: Haglund Dan 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe literature on Chinese economic engagement with Africa reflects widely-held views that Chinese investment is strategic, politically motivated and therefore more stable and long-term than “Western” foreign capital. In contrast this article argues that various factors underpinning the governance of Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in fact serve to promote short-term strategies. It contributes to the literature by empirically exploring this proposition through a case study of a Chinese SOE operating in Zambia's mining sector, and by examining two sets of corporate governance characteristics of Chinese SOEs: investors' relationships with the Chinese state, and firm-level strategy, structure and norms. The article finds that these governance characteristics lead to short-term strategies, including excessive cost-cutting and segregated management practices. These short-term strategies reduce the incentives as well as ability of investors to address local environmental and social concerns, thus questioning the contribution of Chinese investment to Africa's long-term development.
Raw Encounters: Chinese Managers, African Workers and the Politics of Casualization in Africa's Chinese Enclaves
Authors: Lee Ching Kwan 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article examines one of the pre-eminent logics of global capital flow – the pursuit of flexible labour regimes – as a window to explore the interaction between Chinese investments and African communities. It analyses the respective “politics of casualization” in the Chambishi mine on the Zambian Copperbelt and the Tanzania–China Friendship Mill in the port city of Dar es Salaam. Both Zambian and Tanzanian workers have witnessed and resisted precipitous “informalization” of employment since the Chinese assumed full or majority ownership in the late 1990s. Wildcat strikes were staged by workers in both cases. Nevertheless, Zambian copper miners, but not Tanzanian textile workers, seem to have successfully halted this tendency of casualization. After several years of struggle, in 2007 they signed new collective agreements with the Chinese management, who agreed gradually to convert all casual and contract jobs into “permanent” pensionable ones. By explaining the divergent outcomes of these two cases of labour resistance, I hope to identify the major factors shaping the encounter between Chinese managers and African workers.
China's Engagement in African Agriculture: “Down to the Countryside”
Authors: Bräutigam Deborah A. , Xiaoyang Tang 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAgriculture is a rapidly growing arena for China's economic engagement in Africa. Drawing on new field research in East and West Africa, and in Beijing and Baoding, China, as well as earlier archival research, this article investigates the dimensions of China's agricultural engagement, placing it in historical perspective. It traces the changes and continuities in China's policies in rural Africa since the 1960s, as Chinese policies moved from fraternal socialism to amicable capitalism. Beginning in the 1980s, the emphasis on aid as mutual benefit began to blur the lines between aid, south–south co-operation and investment. Today, Beijing has established at least 14 new agro-technical demonstration stations using an unusual public–private model that policy makers hope will assist sustainability. At the same time, a stirring of interest among land-scarce Chinese farmers and investors in developing farms in sub-Saharan Africa evokes a mix of anticipation and unease.
“Only united can we escape certain ruin”: Rural Protest at the Close of the Weimar Republic
Authors: OTTO-MORRIS ALEX 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe level of rural unrest in the late Weimar Republic was much higher than has previously been assumed and did not simply decline after peaking in 1928. The agricultural crisis and Great Depression triggered a second wave of protest in the northern German countryside that continued from the autumn of 1931 until early 1933. Banding together, farmers established organisations to prevent compulsory tax and debt collection, and thwarted bailiffs and bidders at confiscations and compulsory auctions of farms and farm property with demonstrations, boycott measures and violence. The article focuses on these developments in Germany's northernmost province, Schleswig-Holstein, but also presents evidence revealing that the level of rural unrest has almost certainly been underestimated in other regions as well. The rural protest of this period was particularly significant for the involvement of parties of both political extremes which sought to win farmers' approval. Ultimately it was the Nazi Party that successfully exploited the second wave of rural unrest to promote its dynamic and activist profile and secure support in the countryside.
The Commercialisation of British Turkey Production
Authors: MARTIN JOHN 
Published: September 2009

AbstractSince the 1930s turkey production in the United Kingdom has been transformed from a small scale, seasonal activity catering exclusively for the Christmas market, to an intensive mass production sector dominated by all year round producers, of which Bernard Matthews is the best known. This revolution in production methods reflects improved methods of disease control, enhanced nutritional understanding, and the development of more productive strains of turkeys with better conformation. These supply side changes have been accompanied by a succession of very successful marketing campaigns to persuade consumers of the merits of eating turkey throughout the year. This article investigates the reasons for the commercialisation of the turkey industry since the 1930s.
Different cognitive profiles between mild cognitive impairment due to cerebral small vessel disease and mild cognitive impairment of Alzheimer’s disease origin
Authors: ZHOU AIHONG , JIA JIANPING 
Published: September 2009

AbstractControversy surrounds the differences of the cognitive profile between mild cognitive impairment resulting from cerebral small vessel disease (MCI-SVD) and mild cognitive impairment associated with prodromal Alzheimer’s disease (MCI-AD). The aim of this study was to explore and compare the cognitive features of MCI-SVD and MCI-AD. MCI-SVD patients (n = 56), MCI-AD patients (n = 30), and normal control subjects (n = 80) were comprehensively evaluated with neuropsychological tests covering five cognitive domains. The performance was compared between groups. Tests that discriminated between MCI-SVD and MCI-AD were identified. Multiple cognitive domains were impaired in MCI-SVD group, while memory and executive function were mainly impaired in MCI-AD group. Compared with MCI-SVD, MCI-AD patients performed relatively worse on memory tasks, but better on processing speed measures. The AVLT Long Delay Free Recall, Digit Symbol Test, and Stroop Test Part A (performance time) in combination categorized 91.1% of MCI-SVD patients and 86.7% of MCI-AD patients correctly. Current study suggested a nonspecific neuropsychological profile for MCI-SVD and a more specific cognitive pattern in MCI-AD. MCI-AD patients demonstrated greater memory impairment with relatively preserved mental processing speed compared with MCI-SVD patients. Tests tapping these two domains might be potentially useful for differentiating MCI-SVD and MCI-AD patients. (JINS, 2009, 15, 898–905.)
Beyond Lambeth 2008 and ACC14: Tuning a Polity of Persuasion to the Twenty-first Century
Authors: Driver Jeffrey 
Published: September 2009

AbstractRecent tensions within Anglicanism have brought about an intense re-visiting of some of the debates that surrounded its emergence as a worldwide Communion in the nineteenth century. Then, as now, there were a number of suggestions for stronger structures at the centre. With Lambeth 2008 and the recent ACC 14 (Anglican Consultative Council 14), the Anglican Communion has effectively reaffirmed its commitment to a voluntarist, relational way of being together; dealing with differences through mutual self-limiting rather than by central control. Beyond specific proposals, such as that for an Anglican Covenant, this continued commitment to a ‘polity of persuasion’ will require time and patience as well as a quality of ongoing engagement to succeed. What is at stake is more than Anglican unity. It is the capacity for Anglicanism to witness with integrity to the world about living under God in community, sharing power, and co-existing interdependently on a tiny and increasingly conflicted planet.