bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cellular damage in vitro
Authors: Drechsel J. , Freudenberg R. , Runge R. , Wunderlich G. , Kotzerke J. , Wendisch M. 
Published: July 2009

Summary
Aim: The cellular damage of ionising radiation depends on dose, physical radiation quality (e. g. LET) and intracellular radionuclide uptake. The influence of two beta emitters (188Re and 131I) on the thyroid cell line PC Cl3 was studied. Furthermore, we analysed the effect of intracellular accumulation. Methods: The thyroid cell line PC Cl3 was irradiated with 188Re-perrhenate or 131I-sodium iodide in presence or absence of perchlorate. The initial DNA-damage was measured in the comet assay as olive tail moment (OTM). The colony forming assay detects the clonogenic cell survival as surviving fraction. Additional the intracellular radionuclide uptake was quantified. Results: Dose response curves were established for irradiation with 188Re-perrhenate or 131I-iodine under various extra- and intracellular activity distribution conditions. In the presence of perchlorate DNA-damage and clonogenic cell survival for both radionuclides were comparable. In the absence of perchlorat radionuclide uptake of 1.39% (131I) and 4.14% (188Re) were measured causing twofold higher radiotoxicity. Although 131I uptake was lower than 188Re uptake the OTM values were higher und surviving fractions were lower. Conclusions: 131I, compared to 188Re, has lower mean beta energy and a higher LET, and therefore, it induced a higher DNA-damage even at lower intracellular uptake. An additional explanation for the higher radiotoxicity of 131I could be the higher dose exposition caused by crossfire through neighborhood cells.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Agonist Down-Regulates IL-17 Expression in a Murine Model of Allergic Airway Inflammation
Authors: Park Seoung Ju , Lee Kyung Sun , Kim So Ri , Min Kyung Hoon , Choe Yeong Hun , Moon Hee , Chae Han Jung , Yoo Wan Hee , Lee Yong Chul 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) plays a critical role in the control of airway inflammation. Recently, IL-17 has been found to be implicated in many immune and inflammatory responses, including airway inflammation. However, no data are available concerning the effect of PPARγ on IL-17 production in airway inflammatory diseases. In this study, we used a mouse model of asthma to evaluate the effect of two PPARγ agonists, rosiglitazone or pioglitazone, on IL-17 expression in allergic airway disease. After OVA inhalation, mice developed the typical pathophysiological features of asthma, and the expression of IL-17 protein and mRNA in the lungs was increased. Administration of rosiglitazone or pioglitazone reduced the pathophysiological features of asthma and decreased the increased IL-17 protein and mRNA expression after OVA inhalation. In addition, the attenuating effect of PPARγ agonist on allergic airway inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness is abrogated by coadministration of rIL-17. This study also showed that the inhibition of IL-17 activity with anti-IL-17 Ab remarkably reduced the increased numbers of inflammatory cells of the airways, airway hyperresponsiveness, and the increased levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and OVA-specific IgE in serum. In addition, we found that administration of rosiglitazone or pioglitazone decreased the increased NF-κB activity and that a NF-κB inhibitor, BAY 11-7085, substantially reduced the increased IL-17 protein levels in the lung tissues after OVA inhalation. These findings suggest that the therapeutic effect of PPARγ in asthma is partly mediated by regulation of IL-17 expression via NF-κB pathway.
Nutritional status, body composition, and intestinal parasitism among the Mbyá‐Guaraní communities of Misiones, Argentina
Authors: Zonta M.L. , Oyhenart E.E. , Navone G.T. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIndigenous communities in Argentina represent socially and economically neglected populations. They are living in extreme poverty and environmental degradation conditions. New information about health status and socio‐environmental features is urgently needed to be applied in future sanitary policies. Present study describes the nutritional status, body composition, and intestinal parasitism among Mbyá‐Guaraní children from three communities in the Misiones Province. Anthropometric parameters were analized for 178 individuals (aged 1–14). Data were transformed to z‐scores using NHANES I and II. Stunting showed the greatest prevalence (44.9%). Children were found to have low arm circumference and low arm muscle area, although with tricipital skinfold value near to the reference. They also tend to have shorter than normal lower limbs. Fecal samples and anal brushes (for Enterobius vermicularis) were collected in 45 children (aged 1–13). Ritchie's sedimentation and Willis' flotation techniques were used to determine parasitoses. Ninety five percent of children were infected with at least one species and 81.4% were polyparasitized. The higher prevalences corresponded to Blastocystis hominis, hookworms (Ancylostoma duodenale/Necator americanus), and Entamoeba coli. Associations occurred between hookworms with B. hominis/E. coli and B. hominis with nonpathogenic amoebas. Thirty nine percent of the children with stunting presented B. hominis, Strongyloides, and hookworms. Our results indicate that this indigenous population is subjected to extreme poverty conditions and is one of the most marginalized in this country. Severe growth stunting and parasitic infection are still quite common among Mbyá children affecting about half of them along with significant changes in body composition and proportions. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Behavioral phenotype in the 9q subtelomeric deletion syndrome: A report about two adult patients
Authors: Verhoeven Willem M.A. , Kleefstra Tjitske , Egger Jos I.M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe 9q Subtelomeric Deletion Syndrome (9qSTDS) is clinically characterized by mental retardation, childhood hypotonia, and facial dysmorphisms. Haploinsufficiency of the EHMT1 gene has been demonstrated to be responsible for its core phenotype. In a significant number of patients behavioral abnormalities like aggression, impulsivity, and chaotic behaviors are present as well as epileptic phenomena. Reports about the developmental, behavioral, and neuropsychiatric aspects of 9qSTDS are scarce and mostly limited to young patients only. In this report, the behavioral and neuropsychiatric characteristics of one male and one female middle‐aged patient are described in whom the genetic diagnosis, interstitial and telomeric 9q deletion, respectively, was established recently. In both patients a remarkable sleep disturbance, characterized by frequent awakenings and daytime sleepiness, was present as well as a prominent apathy syndrome. The observed motor signs such as rigid flexure of the arms and finger stereotypies persisted over a period of many years and could therefore not be viewed as symptoms of catatonia. It is concluded that the proposed behavioral phenotype of 9qSTDS comprises at least an erratic sleep pattern and an enduring severe apathy. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extrastriatal dopaminergic dysfunction in tourette syndrome
Authors: Steeves Thomas D. L. , Ko Ji Hyun , Kideckel David M. , Rusjan Pablo , Houle Sylvain , Sandor Paul , Lang Anthony E. , Strafella Antonio P. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectiveTourette syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder presenting with tics and a constellation of nonmotor symptoms that includes attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, and impulse control disorders. Accumulated evidence from pharmacological trials and postmortem analyses suggests that abnormalities of dopaminergic neurotransmission play a key role in the pathogenesis of TS. A substantial body of evidence has also accrued to implicate regions outside the striatum in the generation of tics.MethodsWe initiated an [11C]FLB 457 positron emission tomography study in conjunction with an amphetamine challenge to evaluate extrastriatal dopamine (DA) D2/D3 receptor binding and DA release in a group of treatment‐naive, adult TS patients compared with a group of age‐ and sex‐matched controls.ResultsAt baseline, TS patients showed decreased [11C]FLB 457 binding potentials bilaterally in cortical and subcortical regions outside the striatum, including the cingulate gyrus, middle and superior temporal gyrus, occipital cortex, insula, and thalamus. Amphetamine challenge induced DA release in both control and TS subjects bilaterally in many cortical regions; however, in TS patients, regions of increased DA release were significantly more widespread and extended more anteriorly to involve anterior cingulate and medial frontal gyri. Conversely, and in contrast to healthy controls, no significant DA release was noted in the thalami of TS patients.InterpretationThese abnormalities of dopaminergic function localize to brain regions previously implicated in TS and suggest a mechanism for the hyperexcitability of thalamocortical circuits that has been documented in the disorder. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:170–181
Motor imagery after stroke: Relating outcome to motor network connectivity
Authors: Sharma Nikhil , Baron Jean‐Claude , Rowe James B. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectiveNeuroplasticity is essential for recovery after stroke and is the target for new stroke therapies. During recovery from subcortical motor stroke, brain activations associated with movement may appear normal despite residual functional impairment. This raises an important question: how far does recovery of motor performance depend on the processes that precede movement execution involving the premotor and prefrontal cortex, rather than recovery of the corticospinal system alone?MethodsWe examined stroke patients with functional magnetic resonance imaging while they either imagined or executed a finger‐thumb opposition sequence. In addition to classical analyses of regional activations, we studied neuroplasticity in terms of differential network connectivity using structural equation modeling. The study included 8 right‐handed patients who had suffered a left‐hemisphere subcortical ischemic stroke with paresis, and 13 age‐matched healthy controls.ResultsWith good functional recovery, the regional activations had returned to normal in patients. However, connectivity within the extended motor network remained abnormal. These abnormalities were seen predominantly during motor imagery and correlated with motor performance.InterpretationOur results indicate that neuroplasticity can manifest itself as differences in connectivity among cortical areas remote from the infarct, rather than in the degree of regional activation. Connection strengths between nodes of the cortical motor network correlate with motor outcome. The altered organization of connectivity of the prefrontal areas may reflect the role of the prefrontal cortex in higher order planning of movement. Our results are relevant to the assessment and understanding of emerging physical and neurophysiological therapies for stroke rehabilitation. Ann Neurol 2009;66:604–616
Involuntary interpretation of social cues is compromised in autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Jellema Tjeerd , Lorteije Jeannette , van Rijn Sophie , van t' Wout Mascha , de Haan Edward , van Engeland Herman , Kemner Chantal 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA new social distance judgment task was used to measure quantitatively the extent to which social cues are immediately and involuntary interpreted by typically developing (TD) individuals and by individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The task thus tapped into the ability to involuntary “pick up” the meaning of social cues. The cues tested were social attention and implied biological motion. Task performance of the ASD and TD groups was similarly affected by a perceptual low‐level illusion induced by physical characteristics of the stimuli. In contrast, a high‐level illusion induced by the implications of the social cues affected only the TD individuals; the ASD individuals remained unaffected (causing them to perform superior to TD controls). The results indicate that despite intact perceptual processing, the immediate involuntary interpretation of social cues can be compromised. We propose that this type of social cue understanding is a distinct process that should be differentiated from reflective social cue understanding and is specifically compromised in ASD. We discuss evidence for an underpinning neural substrate.
Designing sampling plans to capture rare objects
Authors: Zhang Hongmei 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis article focuses on two‐phase sampling designs for a population with unknown number of rare objects. The first phase is used to estimate the number of rare or potentially rare objects in a population, and the second phase to design sampling plans to capture a certain number or a certain proportion of such type of objects. A hypergeometric‐binomial model is applied to infer the number of rare or potentially rare objects and Monte Carlo simulation based approaches are developed to calculate needed sample sizes. Simulations and real data applications are discussed. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 37: 417–434; 2009 © 2009 Statistical Society of Canada
Accelerated treatment using intensity‐modulated radiation therapy plus concurrent capecitabine for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: McIntosh Alyson , Hagspiel Klaus D. , Al‐Osaimi Abdullah M. , Northup Patrick , Caldwell Stephen , Berg Carl , Angle J. Fritz , Argo Curtis , Weiss Geoffrey , Rich Tyvin A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have limited treatment options. In this study, the authors investigated the feasibility, toxicity, and efficacy associated with intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and concurrent, chronomodulated capecitabine in the treatment of unresectable HCC.METHODS:Twenty patients underwent treatment planning for HCC confined to the liver with helical tomotherapy‐based IMRT. Fifty‐five percent of patients had Child‐Pugh Class A disease, and 45% of patients had Class B disease. Ninety‐five percent of patients were prescribed 50 gray (Gy) of radiotherapy to the planning target volume delivered in 20 fractions with concurrent, chronomodulated capecitabine. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization preceded radiotherapy in 11 patients, and 9 patients received IMRT alone because of portal vein thrombosis, esophageal varices, or tumor size.RESULTS:The mean greatest tumor dimension was 9 cm (range, 1.3‐17.4 cm), the mean dose to normal liver was 22.6 Gy (range, 10‐29.2 Gy), and the average volume of liver that received >30 Gy (V30) was 27.2% (range, 12%‐43%). Eighteen patients (90%) completed the prescribed treatment of 50 Gy. There was no increase from baseline in acute or late toxicity greater than 2 grades. Partial response or disease stability was achieved at 3 months to 6 months after treatment in 15 of 16 patients (94%). The median survival (±standard deviation) for patients who had Child‐Pugh Class A and B disease was 22.5 ± 5.1 months and 8 ± 3.3 months, respectively.CONCLUSIONS:In this initial experience with accelerated IMRT plus capecitabine for patients who had large HCC lesions, the results demonstrated acceptable toxicity with promising local control. The relatively low acute and late toxicity observed with this program suggested that dose intensification can be incorporated into the treatment regimen if needed. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
A comparison of outcomes from treating hepatocellular carcinoma by hepatic artery embolization in patients younger or older than 70 years
Authors: Thornton Raymond H. , Covey Anne , Petre Elena N. , Riedel Elyn R. , Maluccio Mary A. , Sofocleous Constantinos T. , Brody Lynn A. , Getrajdman George I. , D'Angelica Michael , Fong Yuman , Brown Karen T. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to compare the morbidity, mortality, and survival of patients aged <70 years and aged ≥70 years who underwent hepatic arterial embolization (HAE) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).METHODS:Between 1997 and 2007, 386 patients underwent HAE for HCC at a single center. Two hundred patients were aged <70 years (153 men; median age, 60 years), and 186 patients were aged ≥70 years (128 men; median age, 75 years). Patients underwent a total 965 embolization procedures (median, 2 procedures per patient). Patient demographics, morbidity, mortality, length of hospital stay, and survival were analyzed. Complications were categorized using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 3.0 guidelines. Survival was calculated by using the Kaplan‐Meier method.RESULTS:There were no significant differences between younger and older groups in the incidence of infectious, hepatobiliary, renal, vascular, or miscellaneous complications (P ≥ .05); complication severity (P = .82); procedural mortality (P = .63); length of hospitalization (P = .55); intensive care unit admission (P = .64); or overall survival (P = .30). There were more cardiopulmonary complications in the older group (P = .04), but the association of age and likelihood of a cardiopulmonary complication lost significance after adjusting for the presence of more cardiovascular comorbidities in the older group (P = .08).CONCLUSIONS:Survival and mortality outcomes of HAE for the treatment of HCC were similar whether patients were aged <70 years or ≥70 years. Although patients aged ≥70 years with cardiovascular comorbidities more often had a cardiopulmonary complication, other morbidity measures, including complication severity, need for intensive care unit admission, and length of hospitalization, were similar between groups. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Eating disorders: A basic emotion perspective
Authors: Fox John R. E. , Froom Kate 
Published: July 2009

AbstractRecent research and theory have started to highlight how eating disorder symptoms are often used to regulate painful emotions. However, there has not been one study that has looked at the contributory effect of all the basic emotions onto disordered eating patterns. This study was designed to address this gap within the literature with a detailed examination of the five basic emotions (anger, sadness, disgust, fear and happiness) in relation to disordered eating patterns. This study used the Basic Emotions Scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale to explore levels of emotions within 53 female participants with disordered eating patterns who were recruited from the B‐EAT research database. The results showed strong correlations between disordered eating and the four negative emotions, but only anger and sadness were left as significant contributors to disordered eating within the regression analysis. These findings were discussed in relation to the literature, with particular reference being made to the new Schematic Propositional Analogical Associative Representation System for Eating Disorders (SPAARS‐ED) model. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message:

Anger and disgust appear to be pivotal emotions in eating disorders.
Eating disorders and multi‐level models of emotion: An integrated model
Authors: Fox John R. E. , Power Michael J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between emotions, depression and eating disorders. Initially, a review is undertaken of the current state of the research and clinical literature with regard to emotional factors in eating disorders. This literature is then integrated within a version of the multi‐level model of emotion proposed by Power and Dalgleish. The aim of this paper is to incorporate a basic emotions, multi‐modal perspective into developing a new emotions‐based model that offers a theoretical understanding of psychological mechanisms in eating disorders. Within the new Schematic Propositional Analogical Associative Representation System model applied to eating disorders, it is argued that the emotions of anger and disgust are of importance in eating disorders and that the eating disorder itself operates as an inhibitor of emotions within the self. It is hoped that the development of a multi‐levelled model of eating disorders will allow for the construction of number of specific testable hypotheses that are relevant to future research into the psychological treatment and understanding of eating disorders. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message:

The central importance of emotions in eating disorders, and these emotions can operate over a number of cognitive levels of processing.
Shame, pride and eating disorders
Authors: Goss Kenneth , Allan Steven 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper explores shame and shame‐based responses in eating disorders. Research linking shame with eating disorders and the possible role of shame and pride in the onset and maintenance of eating disorders is reviewed. The experience of shame is likely to be complex, dynamic and variable. However, the key to identifying shame is often via the various coping strategies adopted, which in turn may form part of a maintenance cycle for eating disorder beliefs and behaviours. An outline model of shame and pride cycles in the main‐tenance of eating disorders is presented with clinical implications. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message:Shame and pride need to be addressed in the assessment and treatment of eating disorders.
A qualitative exploration of the perception of emotions in anorexia nervosa: A basic emotion and developmental perspective
Authors: Fox John R. E. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDifficulties in emotional processing have long been regarded as a core difficulty within anorexia nervosa. Recent research and theory have started to highlight how eating disorder symptoms are often used to regulate painful emotions. However, there has been a lack of theoretical sophistication in how emotions have been considered within the eating disorders. This study was designed to use qualitative methodologies to address these inadequacies and provide a richer, more thorough account of emotions within anorexia nervosa. It used a grounded theory methodology to gather and analyse interview data from 11 participants who had a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa, being seen at a regional eating disorder service (both inpatient and day patient). The results highlighted two main overarching themes regarding the perception and management of emotions within anorexia nervosa: (1) development of poor meta‐emotional skills; and (2) perception and management of emotion in anorexia nervosa. These two categories comprised of a significant number of components from the qualitative analysis, including difficulties with anger, meta‐emotional skills and poverty of emotional environments while growing up. Once the data had been collected and analysed, links were made between the findings of this research and the current literature base. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message:

Practitoners needs to consider the importance of poor meta‐emotional skills within anorexia nervosa. These meta skills appears to be more complicated than the simplistic notion of alexithymia.

The routes to these difficulties in emotion appear to be drawn from a complicated developmental picture.

The role of anger needs to be considered more fully in the psychotherapeutic work with people with anorexia nervosa. This study's findings suggest that increasing levels of anger may play a role in increased eating disorder symptomatology, especially vomitting.