bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implicit mechanistic role of the collagen, smooth muscle, and elastic tissue components in strengthening the air and blood capillaries of the avian lung
Authors: Maina John N. , Jimoh Sikiru A. , Hosie Margo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTo identify the forces that may exist in the parabronchus of the avian lung and that which may explain the reported strengths of the terminal respiratory units, the air capillaries and the blood capillaries, the arrangement of the parabronchial collagen fibers (CF) of the lung of the domestic fowl, Gallus gallus variant domesticus was investigated by discriminatory staining, selective alkali digestion, and vascular casting followed by alkali digestion. On the luminal circumference, the atrial and the infundibular CF are directly connected to the smooth muscle fibers and the elastic tissue fibers. The CF in this part of the parabronchus form the internal column (the axial scaffold), whereas the CF in the interparabronchial septa and those associated with the walls of the interparabronchial blood vessels form the external, i.e. the peripheral, parabronchial CF scaffold. Thin CF penetrate the exchange tissue directly from the interparabronchial septa and indirectly by accompanying the intraparabronchial blood vessels. Forming a dense network that supports the air and blood capillaries, the CF weave through the exchange tissue. The exchange tissue, specifically the air and blood capillaries, is effectively suspended between CF pillars by an intricate system of thin CF, elastic and smooth muscle fibers. The CF course through the basement membranes of the walls of the blood and air capillaries. Based on the architecture of the smooth muscle fibers, the CF, the elastic muscle fibers, and structures like the interparabronchial septa and their associated blood vessels, it is envisaged that dynamic tensional, resistive, and compressive forces exist in the parabronchus, forming a tensegrity (tension integrity) system that gives the lung rigidity while strengthening the air and blood capillaries.
Subjective Theories about (Self‐)Treatment with Ayahuasca
Authors: SCHMID JANINE TATJANA , JUNGABERLE HENRIK , VERRES ROLF 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTAyahuasca is a psychoactive beverage that is mostly used in ritualized settings (Santo Daime rituals, neo‐shamanic rituals, and even do‐it‐yourself‐rituals). It is a common practice in the investigated socio‐cultural field to call these settings “healing rituals.” For this study, 15 people who underwent ayahuasca (self‐)therapy for a particular disease like chronic pain, cancer, asthma, depression, alcohol abuse, or Hepatitis C were interviewed twice about their subjective concepts and beliefs on ayahuasca and healing. Qualitative data analysis revealed a variety of motivational patterns, subjective effects, and user types. Most participants were convinced that ayahuasca had influenced their illness positively or improved their coping with their illness. More importantly, it had enhanced their well being in general. As a result, we concluded that the effects of ayahuasca should not be reduced to a pharmacological model. The substance should be conceptualized as a psychological catalyst that unfolds within different fields of sociocultural ideas.
The NADH‐ubiquinone oxidoreductase 1 alpha subcomplex 5 (NDUFA5) gene variants are associated with autism
Authors: Marui T. , Funatogawa I. , Koishi S. , Yamamoto K. , Matsumoto H. , Hashimoto O. , Jinde S. , Nishida H. , Sugiyama T. , Kasai K. , Watanabe K. , Kano Y. , Kato N. 
Published: September 2010

Marui T, Funatogawa I, Koishi S, Yamamoto K, Matsumoto H, Hashimoto O, Jinde S, Nishida H, Sugiyama T, Kasai K, Watanabe K, Kano Y, Kato N. The NADH‐ubiquinone oxidoreductase 1 alpha subcomplex 5 (NDUFA5) gene variants are associated with autism.Objective:  Autism appears to have a strong genetic component. The product of the NADH‐ubiquinone oxidoreductase 1 alpha subcomplex 5 (NDUFA5) gene is included in the mitochondrial electron transport chain.Method:  We performed a case–control study of 235 patients with autism and 214 controls and examined three single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within this gene in a Japanese population. We then conducted a transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) analysis in 148 autistic trios.Results:  In the case–control study, two SNPs (rs12666974 and rs3779262) showed a significant association with autism (P = 0.00064 and 0.00046 respectively). Furthermore, a haplotype containing these two SNPs showed a significant association (P‐global = 0.0013, individual haplotype A‐A: P = 0.010). In TDT analysis, the global and A‐A haplotype P‐values also indicated significant associations. Minor allele and genotype frequencies were decreased in the autistic subjects.Conclusion:  We found significant association between the NDFA5 gene and autism.
Effect of atorvastatin on chronic periodontitis: a randomized pilot study
Authors: Fajardo Martha Eugenia , Rocha Miriam Lucía , Sánchez‐Marin Francisco Javier , Espinosa‐Chávez Emanuel Jaime 
Published: September 2010

Fajardo ME, Rocha ML, Sánchez‐Marin FJ, Espinosa‐Chávez EJ. Effect of atorvastatin on chronic periodontitis: a randomized pilot study. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 1016–1022. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2010.01619.x.AbstractAim: We studied the effect of atorvastatin (ATV) treatment on bone loss prevention in subjects with chronic periodontitis.Material and Methods: In this controlled double‐blind study, 38 subjects with chronic periodontitis were randomized into two groups, paired by age to receive ATV (20 mg) or placebo daily for 3 months. Periodontal mechanical treatment was carried out in both groups at baseline. Clinical and radiographic parameters and bone turnover markers were assessed at baseline and at 3 months.Results: Periodontal disease conditions improved in both groups. After comparing the figures of change, significant improvements were observed in cholesterol levels (Δ=−58.5 ± 37.6 versusΔ=5.4 ± 41.2 mg/dl, p<0.0002), low‐density lipoprotein levels (Δ=−48.1 ± 31.7 versusΔ=1.9 ± 42.8 mg/dl, p<0.002), dental mobility (Δ=−0.17 ± 0.11 versusΔ=−0.06 ± 0.11%, p<0.04), and the distance from the crestal alveolar bone to the cemento‐enamel junction (Δ=−0.75 ± 0.7 versusΔ=0.09 ± 0.4 mm, p<0.0006) in the ATV group.Conclusions: The results suggest that ATV might have beneficial effects on bone alveolar loss and tooth mobility in subjects with periodontal disease.
Experiences of relocation in dementia care from the perspective of six care workers
Authors: Horttana Britt Marie , Fahlström Gunilla , Ahlström Gerd 
Published: September 2010

horttana b.m., fahlström g. & ahlström g. (2010) Experiences of relocation in dementia care from the perspective of six care workers. International Journal of Older People Nursing6, 93–101 doi: 10.1111/j.1748‐3743.2010.00246.xBackground.  Relocation of persons with dementia might be considered when quality of care cannot be sustained due to increasing needs. Relocation has been studied from the aspects of mortality and morbidity.Aim.  To explore the thoughts and experiences of care workers when relocating a person with dementia within municipal sheltered housing.Method.  This qualitative study was conducted in Sweden and based on interviews with six care workers involved in the relocation of two persons with dementia. Latent content analysis was applied.Results.  The findings of one narrative are summarised in the theme ‘Walking the tightrope: trying to balance conflicting needs’. In the other narrative the theme ‘Balancing closeness and distance’ emerged. Eight sub‐themes were identified illustrating the relocation time‐line.Conclusion.  Relocation from the care workers’ perspective is a complex process with conflicting values and practical issues that hinder the provision of good care and security.Implications for practice.  Supporting next of kin in the relocation decision‐making process presupposes time for reflection in dialogue with staff. The risk of moral distress should be observed and support for care workers could be provided in the form of supervision, ethical consultations and local guidelines.
European FDI for Emerging Market: The German Firm Strategy in Russia
Authors: Panibratov Andrei Yu. 
Published: September 2010

This case focuses on the challenge of the Knauf Group strategy development for the Russian market. Knauf's active investment policy led to the growth of its brand recognition in the construction materials market and allowed for the creation of a strong premium brand. As a result, the company acquired a highly competitive position in the Russian market. Management had plans to increase investment in Russia, especially in the North-West region of the Russian Federation. However, in the year 2005 the company got rid of one of its most successful businesses, the Pobeda Knauf Masonry Mill in Kolpino just outside of St. Petersburg. The decision to focus on the production of gypsum products and related materials was made. Up to the moment of the sale of the Masonry Mill to a major Russian construction company LSR, the management of the factory had been conducted according to the same principles as were in force in Knauf's other businesses. The management focused on a strategy of quality, active marketing and improvement of the enterprise's organizational structure. After twelve years of success in the Russian construction materials market, Knauf sold its successfullyfunctioning manufacturing facility to its direct competitor, the Lenstroyrekonstruktsiya Group. This might either be evidence of the fact that Knauf is aspiring to more narrowly define its core competency via staying away from non-core activities, or perhaps, is an indication of the loss of its control over its affiliates and the decrease of its competitive positions in the North-West market of the Russian Federation.
A Convenient Approach to the Synthesis of Different Types of Schiff’s Bases and Their Metal Complexes
Authors: Pradhan Kiran , Selvaraj Kaliaperumal , Nanda Ashis K 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Various metal complexes derived from different Schiff bases are conveniently prepared using solvent-free condensation reactions in one-pot synthesis, resulting in significantly enhanced yields. Initial calorimetric studies, and/or TGA of reaction mixtures, led to better optimization of reaction conditions. The ligands like imines, hydrazones, semicarbazones, and nitrones are also synthesized by this method; thus this process is general and expedient.
Novel meta-Selective Friedel–Crafts Acylation of Phenylsilsesquioxane
Authors: Kawakami Yoshiteru , Kabe Yoshio 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The Friedel–Crafts acylation of octaphenylsilsesquioxane (T8Ph8) (1) with Cl2CHOCH3 or CH3COCl at low temperature followed by subsequent hydrolysis provided the octakis(m-acylphenyl)octasilsesquioxanes (T8(C6H4R-m)8); R = CHO (2a) and R = COCH3 (2b) in high yields. The remarkable meta-selectivity of 2a and 2b in more than 99:1 and 93:7 meta/para ratios was confirmed by 1H NMR and X-ray analyses, and further elucidated via theoretical calculations.
An Efficient Copper-mediated 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Pyrazolidinone-based Dipoles to Terminal Alkynes to Produce N,N-Bicyclic Pyrazolidinone Derivatives
Authors: Oishi Takamichi , Yoshimura Kazuaki , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Mizuno Noritaka 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
A simple dinuclear copper complex [Cu(μ-OH)(tmen)]2Cl2 (tmen = N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine) could act as an effective precatalyst for the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of pyrazolidinone-based dipoles to terminal alkynes to produce the corresponding N,N-bicyclic pyrazolidinone derivatives.
Patient-Specific Unicompartmental Knee Resurfacing Arthroplasty: Use of a Novel Interference Lock to Reduce Tibial Insert Micromotion and Backside Wear
Authors: Steklov Nick , Chao Nam , Srivastav Sudesh 
Published: September 2010

Micromotion has long been associated with wear of polyethylene tibial inserts, potentially causing failure of unicompartmental knee replacement systems. One cause of micromotion is the locking mechanism between the undersurface of the polyethylene and the tibial tray. The objective of this study was to investigate the use of new novel lock designs for reducing the micromotion associated with a patient specific tibial implant. Micromotion occurring between the tibial insert and tibial tray was measured using the DVRT method for two new lock designs and compared to the micromotion measured for the prior generation lock design. In total, 18 samples were tested, six in each of the three designs: prior generation CLEARANCE lock design, new LINE-TO-LINE design, new INTERFERENCE design.
At the lowest loading of 100N, the motion index of the new interference lock design (4.9 ±2.6 microns) was less than the motion index of both the new line-to-line lock design (11.9±4.5 microns) and the prior generation clearance lock design (154.9±84.4 microns). Likewise, at the higher loading of 400N, the motion index of the new interference lock design (58.7 ±7.2 microns) was again less than the motion index of the two alternative lock designs (new line-to-line: 135.5±57.6 microns; prior generation clearance: 371.8±151.4 microns). When compared to previously published micromotion data for TKR systems, the results demonstrate that a novel interference design locking mechanism as part of a patient-specific unicompartmental knee arthroplasty system can significantly reduce micromotion that is believed to be one of the causes of osteolysis.
Bacterial contamination of stethoscopes used by health workers: public health implications
Authors: Uneke Chigozie Jesse , Ogbonna Annayo , Oyibo Patrick G , Onu Christian M 
Published: September 2010

Background: This study was designed to assess both the potential for bacterial transmission by stethoscopes used by health-care workers in Nigeria and the implications for patient safety and control of hospital-acquired infections. Methodology: A structured questionnaire was administered to health workers and the surface of the diaphragm of their stethoscopes swabbed for bacteriological analysis using standard techniques. Results and Conclusions: Of the 107 stethoscopes surveyed, 84 (79%) were contaminated with bacteria; 59 (81%) of the contaminated stethoscopes belonged to physicians and 25 (74%) were from other health workers. Isolates included Staphylococcus aureus (54%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19%), Enterococcus faecalis (14%), and Escherichia coli (13%). All stethoscopes that had never been cleaned were contaminated while lower levels of contamination were found on those cleaned one week or less before the survey (χ2 = 22.4, P < .05). Contamination was significantly higher on stethoscopes cleaned with only water (100%) compared to those cleaned with alcohol (49%) (χ2 = 30.17, P < .05). Significantly fewer (9%) stethoscopes from health workers who washed their hands after seeing each patient were contaminated when compared with the instruments (86%) of those who did not practice hand washing (χ2 = 23.79, P < .05). E. coli showed the highest antibiotic resistance, while S. aureus showed the highest antibiotic susceptibility. Strict adherence to stethoscope disinfection practices by health workers can minimize cross-contamination and ensure improved patient safety in hospital environments.
Detection of Aspergillus species in bone marrow transplant patients
Authors: Badiee Parisa , Alborzi Abdolvahab 
Published: September 2010

Introduction: Invasive aspergillosis is a severe complication of cytotoxic chemotherapies and bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The aim of this study was to assess the utility of a real-time PCR assay for the early diagnosis of Aspergillus species in blood samples from BMT patients. Methodology: Blood specimens (n = 993) from patients (n = 82) scheduled for BMT were collected prior to transplant and for 100 days post transplantation. The specimens were later tested using an Aspergillus-specific real-time PCR assay. Cultures of clinical samples, along with sonography and computerized tomographic scans, were performed as standard of care. Results: Aspergillus DNA was positive in 94 sequential blood samples from 13 patients with clinical and radiological signs of infection. Samples from three of these patients were PCR-positive for Aspergillus in the first week of admission, prior to transplantation. Four patients with aspergillosis were cured with antifungal agents and nine died. An additional 12 patients without clinical signs of infection were PCR-positive on one occasion each, while two patients with clinical signs of infection were PCR-negative. Compared to routine methods of aspergillosis diagnosis, the respective sensitivity, specificity, negative, and positive predictive values of the PCR method by patient were 86.6%, 82%, 96.5% and 52%. Conclusions: The results show that Aspergillus infections in the blood of bone marrow transplant patients can be dectected by PCR methods. Early detection of Aspergillus infections by PCR has the potential to positively impact patient mortality rate and provide cost savings to hospitals.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Novel 4″‐O‐Carbamoyl Erythromycin‐A Derivatives
Authors: Qi Yunkun , Jiao Bo , Ma Xiaodong , Cui Wenping , Ma Shutao 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNovel 4″‐O‐carbamoyl erythromycin‐A derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their in‐vitro antibacterial activities. All of the 4″‐O‐carbamoyl derivatives showed excellent activity against erythromycin‐susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC49619. Most of the 4″‐O‐arylalkylcarbamoyl derivatives displayed potent activity against erythromycin‐resistant S. pneumoniae encoded by the mef gene and greatly improved activity against erythromycin‐resistant S. pneumoniae encoded by the erm gene or the erm and mef genes. In particular, the 4″‐O‐arylalkyl derivatives 4c–4e and 4g were found to possess the most potent activity against all the tested erythromycin‐susceptible strains, which were comparable to those of erythromycin, clarithromycin, or azithromycin. 4″‐O‐Arylalkyl derivatives 4e and 4g were the most effective against erythromycin‐resistant S. pneumoniae encoded by the mef gene (0.25 and 0.25 µg/mL). 4″‐O‐Arylalkyl derivatives 4a and 4b exhibited significantly improved activity against erythromycin‐resistant S. pneumoniae encoded by the erm gene. In contrast, the 4″‐O‐alkylcarbamoyl derivatives hardly showed improved activity against all the tested erythromycin‐resistant strains.
Antioxidant activity of fluoxetine: Studies in mice melanoma model
Authors: Kirkova Margarita , Tzvetanova Elina , Vircheva Stefani , Zamfirova Rositsa , Grygier Beata , Kubera Marta 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn vivo effects of the antidepressant fluoxetine on spleen antioxidant status of C57BL/6 mice were studied using a melanoma experimental model. After a 14‐day treatment with fluoxetine (10 mg kg−1 day−1, i.p.), the endogenous antioxidant non‐enzyme (glutathione) and enzyme (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) defense systems in spleen of healthy animals were not changed; the lipid peroxidation (LP) was also unchanged. When B16F10 melanoma cells were introduced in C57BL/6 mice 2 h before fluoxetine treatment, a drug‐protective effect against the melanoma‐induced oxidative changes (increased LP and decreased total glutathione (GSH)‐level, as well as antioxidant enzyme activities) in spleen was observed. Fluoxetine dose‐dependently reduced the amounts of free oxygen radicals (hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals), generated in chemical systems. Taken together, the present results suggest that fluoxetine, acting as antioxidant, prevents from melanoma‐induced oxidative changes in mice spleen. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concurrently using rosiglitazone prevents glucosamine‐induced islet β‐Cell apoptosis and dysfunction
Authors: Zhang Xinxia , Tong Nanwei , Li Yao 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDiabetes has merged as a significant health problem. This study aims to examine the effect of concurrently using rosiglitazone (RSG) on inhibiting glucosamine (GlcN)‐induced islet beta cell apoptosis and dysfunction. Using an islet beta cell line, HIT‐T15 cells, as a study platform, the inhibitory effect of RSG on GlcN‐induced pathophysiological changes in islet beta cells was examined. The results showed that treatment with GlcN induced HIT‐T15 cell death via apoptotic pathway, inhibited the expression of Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xL, enhanced the expression of Bax, Bid and caspase‐3, reduced the production of ATP and decreased in insulin secretion. The changes were in a GlcN dose‐dependent manner. Concurrently using RSG with GlcN, the induced pathogenic changes in HIT‐T15 cells were abrogated. We conclude that concurrently using RSG can be useful in reducing the GlcN‐induced side effects on islet beta cells that has potential to prevent the complications caused by GlcN in the treatment of diabetes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dehydroepiandrosterone ameliorates hepatocellular damage in obstructive jaundice
Authors: Gümüş Metehan , Çelebi Fehmi , Böyük Abdullah , Gürsan Nesrin , Akçay Fatih 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the ameliorating effect of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on the potential hepatocellular damage in experimental obstructive jaundice. Twenty‐four male rabbits in the study were randomly allocated into three groups. In the sham group, the choledochal canal was identified and explored. In the obstructive jaundice and treatment groups, the choledochal canal was ligated. Placebo and DHEA were administered to the obstructive jaundice and treatment groups, respectively. Blood samples were obtained at baseline, and both blood samples and liver tissue samples were obtained by re‐laparotomy performed on day 8. Biochemical parameters were measured in blood samples, and liver samples were histopathologically evaluated. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin levels were lower in the treatment group than in obstructive jaundice. Mononuclear inflammation in the portal region and hepatocyte degeneration were milder in the treatment group compared to obstructive jaundice group. Fibrosis and necrosis were also recovered by the DHEA treatment.In conclusion, these findings suggested that DHEA may reduce the obstructive jaundice‐induced hepatocellular damage. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.