bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Air‐Stable Organic Semiconductors for p‐Channel Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Takimiya Kazuo 
Published: April 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Straightforward Preparation of Aminoglycoside–Dinucleotide and –diPNA Conjugates via Click Ligation Assisted by Microwaves
Authors: Alguacil Javier , Defaus Sira , Claudio Ana , Trapote Alejandro , Masides Marta , Robles Jordi 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAn alternative and straightforward method to prepare aminoglycoside–dinucleotide and –diPNA conjugates is reported, which is based on copper‐catalyzed Huisgen azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (“click chemistry” ligation) assisted by microwave irradiation. This method permitted conjugations to be performed in aqueous solution, in very short times and with readily prepared precursors.
Comparative Study of HRP, a Peroxidase‐Mimicking DNAzyme, and ALP as Enzyme Labels in Developing Electrochemical Genosensors for Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Miranda‐Castro Rebeca , Lobo‐Castañón María Jesús , Miranda‐Ordieres Arturo J. , Tuñón‐Blanco Paulino 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA comparative evaluation of an electrochemical sandwich genoassay for pathogenic bacteria based on immobilized hairpin DNA probes and three different enzyme labels (horseradish peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase and a biomimetic peroxidase‐like DNAzyme) is reported. The natural enzymes were used as streptavidin conjugates, coupled to the surface duplex by using a biotin‐labeled signaling probe, whereas the DNAzyme was directly incorporated to the sequence of the signaling probe. HRP provides enhanced sensitivity although the choice of a catalytic reporter DNA sequence could simplify the assay.
Modelling and evaluation of microgrids reliability and operational performance and its impact on service quality
Authors: Dialynas E. N. , Daoutis L. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMicrogrids consist of a set of distributed generation (DG) facilities that operate for providing a reliable, cheap, efficient, and environmentally friendly supply to power customers. Additionally, their operation constitutes a significant feature in the framework of the competitive electric energy market being applied in many countries worldwide. This paper presents an efficient computational methodology that can be used for quantifying the reliability and operational performance of low voltage (LV) distribution systems with DG facilities that operate as microgrids. Special attention has been given to the simulation of the failures on the components of the microgrid feeders and the operation of normally open switches (NOS) that can be used for reducing their impact by connecting adjoining feeders. The developed methodology is based on the Monte‐Carlo sequential simulation approach that steps through time chronologically, by recognising that the status of a system component is not independent of its status in adjacent hours. The paper also includes the analysis being conducted for a typical LV distribution network that operates in a typical microgrid configuration with multiple feeders supplying different categories of customers (industrial, commercial, and residential) assuming alternative system planning schemes. These schemes include the operation of NOS through loop power flow controllers in order to provide the respective microgrid consumers with continuous and reliable supply when power outages occur, as well as the various technical and operational features of a large variety of microgrid DG facilities. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HMGA2 and the p19Arf‐TP53‐CDKN1A axis: A delicate balance in the growth of uterine leiomyomas
Authors: Markowski Dominique Nadine , von Ahsen Inga , Nezhad Maliheh Hashemi , Wosniok Werner , Helmke Burkhard Maria , Bullerdiek Jörn 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPathogenetically, uterine leiomyomas (ULs) can be interpreted as the result of a monoclonal abnormal proliferation of myometrial cells. Oncogene‐induced senescence (OIS) is a frequent phenomenon in premalignant lesions that leads to a growth arrest mainly by the activation of two potent growth‐inhibitory pathways as represented by p16Ink4a and p19Arf. The relevance of OIS for the development of UL has not been addressed, but HMGA2, encoded by a major target gene of recurrent chromosomal abnormalities in UL, has been implicated in the repression of the Ink4a/Arf (CDKN2A) locus. This prompted us to examine if HMGA2 contributes to the growth of leiomyomas by repressing this locus. Contrary to the expectations, we were able to show that generally ULs express significantly higher levels of p19Arf mRNA than myometrium and that UL with 12q14∼15 rearrangements showed higher expression levels than UL with other cytogenetic aberrations. Furthermore, the finding of a significant correlation between the expressions of p19Arf and CDKN1A shows that p19Arf triggers senescence rather than apoptosis in UL. Furthermore, the expression levels of HMGA2, p19Arf, and CDKN1A were found to be correlated with the size of the tumors, indicating that an enhanced growth potential is counterbalanced by the p19Arf pathway. Mechanistically, the UL may thus execute a program already present in their cell of origin, where it is activated to protect the genome, for example, in the case of enhanced proliferation. In summary, the results identify the p19Arf‐TP53‐CDKN1A pathway as a major player in the growth control and genomic stability of uterine fibroids. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessing the impact of rehabilitation and irrigation management transfer in minor irrigation projects in Orissa, India: A case study
Authors: Mishra A. , Ghosh S. , Nanda P. , Kumar A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a case study on the impact of rehabilitation and irrigation management transfer (IMT) on irrigation, agriculture and functioning of a water user association (WUA) from farmers' perspectives. The study was carried out in three selected minor irrigation projects (MIPs) in Orissa, India, which were rehabilitated by the state government obtaining financial assistance from European Commission during 1995–2005. A total number of 207 farmers were selected as respondents for this study following the probability proportionate random sampling method. The impact on irrigation was assessed with a set of 11 indicators on a 5‐point continuum scale and it is revealed that the overall irrigation impact value lies between 3 and 4. A paradigm shift in water delivery from supply driven to demand driven was observed. Impact on agriculture is reflected through an increase in cultivated area by 9.6–22%, cropping intensity by 10–26%, irrigated area by 18–107%, irrigation intensity by 15–57% and a diversified cropping pattern with higher productivity. Functioning of the WUA was studied with a group dynamic effectiveness index (GDEI) having 10 parameters. GDEI value ranged from 6.28 to 6.82 on a scale of 0 to 10. The lessons learnt from the study and measures for further improvement in the system's performance are presented. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Commissioning of abandoned drainage water reuse systems in Egypt: A case study of upgrading the Umoum project, Nile Delta
Authors: El Gammal Hussein A. A. , Ali Hatem M. M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn the 1980s, the reuse of agricultural drainage water became a policy in Egyptian water resources management practice. Since 1992, 7 of the 23 main reuse mixing stations have been entirely or periodically closed. In the western Nile Delta, the Umoum is a mega‐project for water reuse, which has been constructed but has not started operation. In order to upgrade and operate efficiently the drainage reuse system of the Umoum project, developing promising water management alternatives are investigated by applying flow‐water quality model prediction. As a valuable research tool, the DUFLOW model was applied incorporating sufficient work on the technical details of the channels in the study area.Covering the drainage water salinity and relevant water quality parameters, DUFLOW was used to compare the results of the model‐based alternatives with both the analysed situation and the environmental standards. The simulations showed that the most suitable scenario is the alternative based on reducing the anticipated amount of 1 BCM yr−1 drainage water for reuse by 20%. By developing a mixing ratio of 5:1, the mixed irrigation water in the Nubaria canal complies with local standards and can be abstracted for irrigation and drinking water intake. Finally, this study has successfully identified the problematic location and brought a significant outcome for commissioning the abandoned drainage reuse system of the Umoum project. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of aluminum phthalocyanine nanoparticles for fluorescent diagnostics in dentistry and skin autotransplantology
Authors: Vasilchenko Sergey Yu. , Volkova Anna I. , Ryabova Anastasiya V. , Loschenov Victor B. , Konov Vitaly I. , Mamedov Adil A. , Kuzmin Sergey G. , Lukyanets Evgeniy A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis paper deals with the possibility of application of aluminum phthalocyanine (AlPc) nanoparticles in clinical practice. AlPc fluoresces in the molecular form but in the form of nanoparticles it does not. Separation of molecules from an AlPc nanoparticle and therefore the appearance of fluorescence occurs under the effect of a number of biochemo‐physical factors. Owing to this feature the application of AlPc nanoparticles followed by the measurement of fluorescence spectra is proposed as a diagnostics method. It was shown that after AlPc nanoparticle application on a tooth surface the fluorescence intensity in the enamel microdamage area is 2–3 times higher than that in the normal enamel area. The appearance of fluorescence after application of AlPc nanoparticles on skin autografts testifies to the presence of inflammation. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Bladder tissue engineering: Tissue regeneration and neovascularization of HA‐VEGF‐incorporated bladder acellular constructs in mouse and porcine animal models
Authors: Loai Yasir , Yeger Herman , Coz Cyrielle , Antoon Roula , Islam Syed S. , Moore Katherine , Farhat Walid A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSuccessful tissue engineering requires appropriate recellularization and vascularization. Herein, we assessed the regenerative and angiogenic effects of porcine bladder acellular matrix (ACM) incorporated with hyaluronic acid (HA) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in mouse and porcine models. Prepared HA‐ACMs were rehydrated in different concentrations of VEGF (1, 2, 3, 10, and 50 ng/g ACM). Grafts were implanted in mice peritoneum in situ for 1 week. Angiogenesis was quantified with CD31 and Factor VIII immunostaining using Simple PCI. Selected optimal VEGF concentration that induced maximum vascularization was then used in porcine bladder augmentation model. Implants were left in for 4 and 10 weeks. Three groups of six pigs each were implanted with ACM alone, HA‐ACM, and HA‐VEGF‐ACM. Histological, immunohistochemical (Uroplakin III, α‐SMA, Factor VIII), and immunofluorescence (CD31) analysis were performed to assess graft regenerative capacity and angiogenesis. In mouse model, statistically significant increase in microvascular density was demonstrated in the 2 ng/g ACM group. When this concentration was used in porcine model, recellularization increased significantly from weeks 4 to 10 in HA‐VEGF‐ACM, with progressive decrease in fibrosis. Significantly increased vascularization, coupled with increased urothelium and smooth muscle cell (SMC) regeneration, was observed in HA‐VEGF grafts at week 10 in the center and periphery, compared with week 4. HA‐VEGF grafts displayed highest in vivo epithelialization, neovascularization, and SMCs regeneration. A total of 2 ng/g tissue VEGF when incorporated with HA proved effective in stimulating robust graft recellularization and vascularization, coordinated with increased urothelial bladder development and SMC augmentation into bundles by week 10. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010
Evaluation of proximal femoral geometry using digital photographs
Authors: Unnanuntana Aasis , Toogood Paul , Hart Daniel , Cooperman Daniel , Grant Richard E. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe morphologic features of the proximal femur are used in preoperative planning prior to total hip arthroplasty. Recent literature evaluating the anatomy of the proximal femur, as it relates to total hip arthroplasty, has relied heavily on radiographs or computed tomography. We used digital photographs to compare 200 cadaveric femora in individuals who died prior to 40 years of age: 25 African‐American males, 25 African‐American females, 25 Caucasian males, 25 Caucasian females. With our technique and definition, the actual angles and dimensions of the proximal femur that we normally rely on during total hip arthroplasty were measured. There were small, but statistically significant differences, between males and females in neck‐shaft angle, neck inclination, and absolute horizontal and vertical offset. Females tended to have a lower neck‐shaft angle and more neck inclination. When standardizing the offset distances with femoral head diameter, the horizontal offset ratio was higher in female specimens. There was no correlation between horizontal and vertical offset. Improved knowledge of the morphology of the proximal femora will assist the surgeon in restoring the geometry of the proximal femur during total hip arthroplasty. This information also supports the concept of modularity of the femoral neck in order to independently adjust neck‐shaft angle, neck inclination, and horizontal offset. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:1399–1404, 2010
Effect of cell number on mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in a canine disc degeneration model
Authors: Serigano Kenji , Sakai Daisuke , Hiyama Akihiko , Tamura Futoshi , Tanaka Masahiro , Mochida Joji 
Published: April 2010

AbstractTransplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) inhibits the progression of disc degeneration in animal models. We know of no study to determine the optimal number of cells to transplant into the degenerated intervertebral disc (IVD). To determine the optimal donor cell number for maximum benefit, we conducted an in vivo study using a canine disc degeneration model. Autologous MSCs were transplanted into degenerative discs at 105, 106, or 107 cells per disc. The MSC‐transplanted discs were evaluated for 12 weeks using plain radiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and gross and microscopic evaluation. Preservation of the disc height, annular structure was seen in MSC‐transplantation groups compared to the operated control group with no MSC transplantation. Result of the number of remaining transplanted MSCs, the survival rate of NP cells, and apoptosis of NP cells in transplanted discs showed both structural microenvironment and abundant extracellular matrix maintained in 106 MSCs transplanted disc, while less viable cells were detected in 105 MSCs transplanted and more apoptotic cells in 107 MSCs transplanted discs. The results of this study demonstrate that the number of cells transplanted affects the regenerative capability of MSC transplants in experimentally induced degenerating canine discs. It is suggested that maintenance of extracellular matrix by its production from transplanted cells and/or resident cells is important for checking the progression of structural disruption that leads to disc degeneration. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:1267–1275, 2010
Periprosthetic osteolysis: Characterizing the innate immune response to titanium wear‐particles
Authors: St. Pierre Christine A. , Chan Melvin , Iwakura Yoichiro , Ayers David C. , Kurt‐Jones Evelyn A. , Finberg Robert W. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractOsteolysis of bone following total hip replacement is a major clinical problem. Examination of the areas surrounding failed implants has indicated an increase in the bone‐resorption‐inducing cytokine, interleukin 1β (IL‐1β). NALP3, a NOD‐like receptor protein located in the cytosol of macrophages, signals the cleavage of pro‐IL‐1β into its mature, secreted form, IL‐1β. Here we showed that titanium particles stimulate the NALP3 inflammasome. We demonstrated that titanium induces IL‐1β secretion from macrophages. This response depended on the expression of components of the NALP3 inflammasome, including NALP3, ASC, and Caspase‐1. We also showed that titanium particles trigger the recruitment of neutrophils and that this acute inflammatory response depends on the expression of the IL‐1 receptor and IL‐1α/β. Moreover, administration of the IL‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1Ra) diminished neutrophil recruitment in response to titanium particles. Together, these results suggest that titanium particle‐induced acute inflammation is due to activation of the NALP3 inflammasome, which leads to increased IL‐1β secretion and IL‐1‐associated signaling, including neutrophil recruitment. Efficacy of IL‐1Ra treatment introduces the potential for antagonist‐based therapies for implant osteolysis. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:1418–1424, 2010
Early Holocene climate change and human occupation along the semiarid coast of north‐central Chile
Authors: Maldonado Antonio , Méndez Cesar , Ugalde Paula , Jackson Donald , Seguel Roxana , Latorre Claudio 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe brief, terminal Pleistocene archaeological site at Santa Julia (SJ, 31° 50′ S; 71° 45′ W) is the only one with fluted projectile preforms and megafauna consumption known from the Chilean semiarid coastline. Here, we present the climatic history at SJ during the early Holocene reconstructed from pollen and charcoal analyses spanning 13.2–8.6 ka (=103 calibrated 14C yr BP). Elevated charcoal concentrations confirm human activity by 13.2 ka. Human occupation decreased in intensity and charcoal practically disappears from the record after 10.6 ka, followed by wetland expansion at SJ between 10.5 and 9.5 ka. Local dominance of coastal shrubland reveals that dry phases occurred between >11.2–10.5 and 9.5–9.0 ka. Overall, these findings imply that by modulating available resources at both local and landscape levels climate change may have played an important role in explaining the peopling of semiarid coastal Chile. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman excitation of (+)‐(R)‐methyloxirane and its origin of optical activity via bond polarizabilities
Authors: Wang Peijie , Fang Yan , Wu Guozhen 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe studied the bond polarizabilities of chiral (+)‐(R)‐methyloxirane from its Raman intensities. The bond polarizabilities provide much information concerning the electronic structure of its nonresonant Raman‐excited virtual state. At the initial moment of Raman excitation by the 514.5 nm laser, the tendency of the excited charges (mapped out by the bond polarizabilities) is to spread to the methine bond near the stereogenic center and its triangular oxirane skeleton. Thereby, the coupling of the electric dipole induced by the excited charges in the methine bond and the magnetic moment vibrationally induced by the electric current in the triangular oxirane skeleton as the molecule vibrates is shown to be the key factor leading to its significant Raman chirality. When the final stage of Raman relaxation is approached, the relative magnitudes of the bond polarizabilities are congruent to the bond electronic densities of the ground state, which are otherwise by the theoretical quantities via the quantum chemical calculation. During Raman relaxation, we found that the polarizabilities of the peripheral CH bonds relax faster than the rest, as indicated by their relaxation characteristic times. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Communicating forecast uncertainty: public perception of weather forecast uncertainty
Authors: Joslyn Susan , Savelli Sonia 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe general public understands that there is uncertainty inherent in deterministic forecasts as well as understanding some of the factors that increase uncertainty. This was determined in an online survey of 1340 residents of Washington and Oregon, USA. Understanding was probed using questions that asked participants what they expected to observe when given a deterministic forecast with a specified lead time, for a particular weather parameter, during a particular time of year. It was also probed by asking participants to estimate the number of observations, out of 100, that they expected to fall within specified ranges around the deterministic forecast. Almost all respondents (99.99%) anticipated some uncertainty in the deterministic forecast. Furthermore, their answers suggested that they expected greater uncertainty for longer lead times when the forecasted value deviated from climatic norms. Perhaps most noteworthy was that they expected specific forecast biases (e.g. over‐forecasting of extremes), most of which were not borne out by an analysis of local National Weather Service verification data. In summary, users had well‐formed uncertainty expectations suggesting that they are prepared to understand explicit uncertainty forecasts for a wide range of parameters. Indeed, explicit uncertainty estimates may be necessary to overcome some of the anticipated forecast biases that may be affecting the usefulness of existing weather forecasts. Despite the fact that these bias expectations are largely unjustified, they could lead to adjustment of forecasts that could in turn have serious negative consequences for users, especially with respect to extreme weather warnings. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Oxidationsverfahren in der Wasseraufbereitung
Authors: Frimmel Fritz H. , Zwiener Christian , Kleiser Georg 
Published: April 2010

AbstractOxidationsverfahren sind wesentlicher Bestandteil sowohl der Trinkwasser‐ als auch der Abwassertechnik. Die Ziele, die damit verfolgt werden, reichen von der Zerstörung unliebsamer Wasserinhaltsstoffe bis zur Verringerung der Zahl pathogener Mikroorganismen. Änderungen der gesetzlichen Rahmenbedingungen und die Entwicklung neuer Oxidationsverfahren schaffen Handlungsbedarf für die Wasserchemie.
SFC, CE und CEC: Die neue Flüssigchromatographie?
Authors: Engelhardt Heinz 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDie HPLC ist die am häufigsten verwendete chromatographische Analysenmethode nicht nur, weil die Anzahl der polaren und schwer flüchtigen Verbindungen die der Analyten übersteigt, die der Gaschromatographie zugänglich sind, sondern weil neue Impulse aus der HPLC in die Bioanalytik gelangten. Und das, obwohl die Biochemiker anfänglich gegen stationäre Phasen auf Kieselgelbasis, die Metallapparatur etc. Bedenken hatten.
Internationale Chemie‐Olympiade: Nachwuchsförderung, die Spaß macht
Authors: Sobott Frank 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAus ihrer eigenen positiven Erfahrung heraus haben ehemalige Teilnehmer der internationalen Chemie‐Olympiade 1992 einen Förderverein gegründet Bei der Realisierung seiner Projekte arbeitet der Verein mit der GDCh, dem Fonds der Chemischen Industrie, den Landesverbänden des VCI sowie Unternehmen und Instituten zusammen.