bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pseudocapacitive Properties of Nano‐structured Anhydrous Ruthenium Oxide Thin Film Prepared by Electrostatic Spray Deposition and Electrochemical Lithiation/Delithiation
Authors: Park S.‐H. , Kim J.‐Y. , Kim K.‐B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNano‐structured anhydrous ruthenium oxide (RuO2) thin films were prepared using an electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) technique followed by electrochemical lithiation and delithiation. During the electrochemical lithiation process, RuO2 decomposed to nano‐structured metallic ruthenium Ru with the concomitant formation of Li2O. Nano‐structured RuO2 was formed upon subsequent electrochemical extraction of Li from the Ru/Li2O nanocomposite. Electrochemical lithiation/deliathiation at different charge/discharge rates (C‐rate) was used to control the nano‐structure of the anhydrous RuO2. Electrochemical lithiation/delithiation of the RuO2 thin film electrode at different C‐rates was closely related to the specific capacitance and high rate capability of the nano‐structured anhydrous RuO2 thin film. Nano‐structured RuO2 thin films prepared by electrochemical lithiation and delithiation at 2C rate showed the highest specific capacitance of 653 F g–1 at 20 mV s–1, which is more than two times higher than the specific capacitance of 269 F g–1 for the as‐prepared RuO2. In addition, it showed 14% loss in specific capacitance from 653 F g–1 at 20 mV s–1 to 559 F g–1 at 200 mV s–1, indicating significant improvement in the high rate capability compared to the 26% loss of specific capacitance of the as‐prepared RuO2 electrode from 269 F g–1 at 20 mV s–1 to 198 F g–1 at 200 mV s–1 for the same change in scan rate.
Performance comparison of ZnO photocatalyst in various reactor systems
Authors: Akyol Abdurrahman , Bayramoglu Mahmut 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Owing to difficulties in catalyst recovery from slurries the deposition of a catalyst on suitable supports has been investigated extensively in recent years. The support material and the method of coating influence the activity. Photocatalytic decolorization of methyl orange (MO) and Rem Red F3B (RRF3B) was conducted in various reactor systems including a slurry reactor, ZnO thin film coated tube reactor and fixed bed reactor filled with ZnO coated ceramic or glass supports of various geometries.RESULTS:ZnO coating was carried out by the ammonium zincate deposition method. ZnO thin films were quite stable in acidic and basic media and resistant to photocorrosion. Various methods including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) were applied for the physical characterization of thin films. The XRD patterns of ZnO thin film exhibit a wurtzite (zincite) crystal structure. SEM analysis revealed the granular morphology of ZnO film with a particle size of 300–400 nm.CONCLUSION:Photocatalytic activities were determined kinetically by calculating first‐order rate constants, which were also related to process variables by regression analysis. From the viewpoint of decolorization efficiency, the coated tube reactor (6 mm i.d.) showed the highest activity, which was equal to that of a powder catalyst loading of 300 mg dm−3 for MO and of 200 mg dm−3 for RRF3B. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and characterization of some pyrazole derivatives of 1,5‐diphenyl‐1H‐pyrazole‐3,4‐dicarboxylic acid
Authors: Kasımoğulları Rahmi , Seçkin Arslan B. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
magnified image Compound of 4‐(ethoxycarbonyl)‐1,5‐diphenyl‐1H‐pyrazole‐3‐carboxylic acid 2 was obtained from the reaction of ethyl 4,5‐dioxo‐2‐phenyl‐4,5‐dihydrofuran‐3‐carboxylate and 1‐benzylidene‐2‐phenylhydrazine. A number of substitute pyrazole dicarboxylic acid derivatives (4, 5a, 5b, 5c, 6, 7, 8, 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d, 9e, 9f, 9g, 9h, 9i, 9j, 9k, 9l, 9m, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14) were synthesized from 1,5‐diphenyl‐1H‐pyrazole‐3,4‐dicarboxylic acid 3 which was prepared from basic hydrolysis of 2. Structures of synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Mass, FTIR, and elemental analysis. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Bone marrow mononuclear cells protect neurons and modulate microglia in cell culture models of ischemic stroke
Authors: Sharma Sushil , Yang Bing , Strong Roger , Xi XiaoPei , Brenneman Miranda , Grotta James C. , Aronowski Jaroslaw , Savitz Sean I. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAlthough several studies have provided evidence for the therapeutic potential of bone marrow‐derived mononuclear cells (MNCs) in animal models of stroke, the mechanisms underlying their benefits remain largely unknown. We have determined the neuroprotective potential of MNCs in primary neuronal cultures exposed to various injuries in vitro. Cortical neurons in culture were exposed to oxygen‐glucose deprivation, hypoxia, or hydrogen peroxide, and cell death was assayed by MTT, caspase‐3 activation or TUNEL labelling at 24 hrs. Cultures were randomized to cotreatment with MNC‐derived supernatants or media before injury exposure. In separate experiments, macrophage or microglial cultures were exposed to lipopolypolysacharide (LPS) in the presence and absence of MNC‐derived supernatants. Neuronal cultures were then exposed to conditioned media derived from activated macrophages or microglia. Cytokines from the supernantants of MNC cultures exposed to normoxia or hypoxia were also estimated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). MNC‐derived supernatants attenuated neuronal death induced by OGD, hypoxia, hydrogen peroxide, and conditioned macrophage/microglial media and contain a number of trophic factors, including interleukin‐10, insulin‐like growth factor‐1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and stromal cell‐derived factor‐1. MNCs provide broad neuroprotection against a variety of injuries relevant to stroke. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mitigation of alkaline stress by arbuscular mycorrhiza in zucchini plants grown under mineral and organic fertilization
Authors: Cardarelli Mariateresa , Rouphael Youssef , Rea Elvira , Colla Giuseppe 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA greenhouse experiment was carried out during the spring–summer 2009 to test the hypotheses that: (1) arbuscular‐mycorrhizal (AM) inoculation with a biofertilizer containing Glomus intraradices gives an advantage to overcome alkalinity problems, (2) mineral fertilization is more detrimental to AM development than organic fertilization on an equivalent nutrient basis. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and non‐AM of zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) plants were grown in sand culture with two pH levels in the nutrient solution (6.0 or 8.1) and two fertilization regimes (organic or mineral). The high‐pH nutrient solution had the same basic composition as the low‐pH solution, plus an additional 10 mM NaHCO3 and 0.5 g L–1 CaCO3. Increasing the concentration of NaHCO3 from 0 to 10 mM in the nutrient solution significantly decreased yield, plant growth, SPAD index, net assimilation of CO2 (ACO2), N, P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentration in leaf tissue. The +AM plants under alkaline conditions had higher total, marketable yield and total biomass compared to –AM plants. The higher yield and biomass production in +AM plants seems to be related to the capacity of maintaining higher SPAD index, net ACO2, and to a better nutritional status (high P, K, Fe, Mn, and Zn and low Na accumulation) in response to bicarbonate stress with respect to –AM plants. The percentage root colonization was significantly higher in organic‐fertilized (35.7%) than in mineral‐fertilized plants (11.7%). Even though the AM root colonization was higher in organic‐fertilized plants, the highest yield and biomass production were observed in mineral‐fertilized plants due to the better nutritional status (higher N, P, Ca, and Mg), higher leaf area, SPAD index, and ACO2.
Raman spectroscopic study of the uranyl titanate mineral brannerite (U,Ca,Y,Ce)2(Ti,Fe)2O6:effect of metamictisation
Authors: Frost Ray L. , Reddy B. Jagannadha 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRaman spectra of the uranyl titanate mineral brannerite were analysed and related to the mineral structure. A comparison is made with the Raman spectra of uranyl oxyhydroxide hydrates. The observed bands are attributed to the TiO and (UO2)2+ stretching and bending vibrations, UOH bending vibrations, as well as H2O and (OH)− stretching, bending and libration modes. UO bond lengths in uranyls and OH···O bond lengths were calculated from the wavenumbers assigned to the stretching vibrations. Raman bands of brannerite are in harmony with those of the uranyl oxyhydroxides. The mineral brannerite is metamict, as is evidenced by the intensity of the UO stretching and bending modes being of lower intensity than expected and with bands that are significantly broader. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of monoacylglycerols on the oxidative stability of olive oil
Authors: Gomes Tommaso , Caponio Francesco , Bruno Giuseppina , Summo Carmine , Paradiso Vito Michele 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: The study of pro‐ and anti‐oxidant compounds is important for their influence on the shelf‐life and nutritional value of food. The aim of this research was to evaluate the activity of monoacylglycerols (MAG), obtained by partial saponification of a purified olive oil, added in increasing amounts to the same oil and submitted to the Rancimat test and oven test at 60 °C. Besides routine analyses, high‐performance size exclusion chromatography analysis of polar compounds was performed.RESULTS: The addition of MAG led in all cases to a significant slowdown of the oxidative processes. These trends were more evident as the oxidation went on. The purified oil added with 30 g kg−1 of MAG after 9 days of oven test at 60 °C presented a level of oxidative degradation significantly lower than the control after only 4 days.CONCLUSION: The data showed a marked antioxidant effect of MAG in purified olive oil, contrary to what has been observed by other authors, who noticed either a pro‐oxidant or a non‐antioxidant activity of these compounds in soybean oil. A different behaviour of MAG during oxidation could depend on the different fatty acid composition of the oil matter they are added to. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of selected lactic acid bacteria on the characteristics of amaranth sourdough
Authors: Jekle Mario , Houben Andreas , Mitzscherling Martin , Becker Thomas 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: As the processing of amaranth in baked goods is challenging, the use of sourdough fermentation is a promising possibility to exploit the advantages of this raw material. In this study the fermentation properties of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paralimentarius and Lactobacillus helveticus in amaranth‐based sourdough were examined in order to validate them as starter cultures. pH, total titratable acidity (TTA) and lactic/acetic acid ratio of the sourdough and sensory properties of the resulting wheat bread were evaluated using fermentation temperatures of 30 and 35 °C.RESULTS: While fermentation pH, TTA and lactic acid concentration showed small variations with the use of L. plantarum and L. paralimentarius, L. helveticus reached the most intensive acidification after initial adaptation to the substrate. Acetic acid production was independent of lactic acid metabolism. Furthermore, the lactic/acetic acid ratio exceeded recommendation by 10–35 times (fermentation quotient 25–82). Sensory evaluation showed no significant differences between the two fermentation temperatures but differences among the three micro‐organisms.CONCLUSION: The results provide relevant information on the fermentation properties required of a customised starter for amaranth flour. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Phenolic and carotenoid profiles of papaya fruit (Carica papaya L.) and their contents under low temperature storage
Authors: Rivera‐Pastrana Dulce M , Yahia Elhadi M , González‐Aguilar Gustavo A 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Tropical fruits are rich in phenolic and carotenoid compounds, and these are associated with cultivar, pre‐ and postharvest handling factors. The aim of this work was to identify major phenolics and carotenoids in ‘Maradol’ papaya fruit and to investigate their response to storage temperature.RESULTS: Ferulic acid, caffeic acid and rutin were identified in ‘Maradol’ papaya fruit exocarp as the most abundant phenolic compounds, and lycopene, β‐cryptoxanthin and β‐carotene were identified in mesocarp as the major carotenoids. Ranges of contents of ferulic acid (1.33–1.62 g kg−1 dry weight), caffeic acid (0.46–0.68 g kg−1 dw) and rutin (0.10–0.16 g kg−1 dw) were found in papaya fruit, which tend to decrease during ripening at 25 °C. Lycopene (0.0015 to 0.012 g kg−1 fresh weight) and β‐cryptoxanthin (0.0031 to 0.0080 g kg−1 fw) were found in fruits stored at 25 °C, which tend to increase during ripening. No significant differences in β‐carotene or rutin contents were observed in relation to storage temperature.CONCLUSION: Phenolics and carotenoids of ‘Maradol’ papaya were influenced by postharvest storage temperature with exception of β‐carotene and rutin. Ripe papaya stored at 25 °C had more carotenoids than those stored at 1 °C. Low (chilling) temperature (1 °C) negatively affected the content of major carotenoids, except β‐carotene, but preserved or increased ferulic and caffeic acids levels, as compared to high (safe) temperature (25 °C). Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Morbidity results from the NSABP B‐32 trial comparing sentinel lymph node dissection versus axillary dissection
Authors: Ashikaga Takamaru , Krag David N. , Land Stephanie R. , Julian Thomas B. , Anderson Stewart J. , Brown Ann M. , Skelly Joan M. , Harlow Seth P. , Weaver Donald L. , Mamounas Eleftherios P. , Costantino Joseph P. , Wolmark Norman 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThree year post‐surgical morbidity levels were compared between patients with negative sentinel lymph node dissection alone (SLND) and those with negative sentinel node dissection and negative axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in the NSABP B‐32 trial.MethodsA total of 1,975 ALND and 2,008 SLND node negative breast cancer patients had shoulder range of motion and arm volumes assessed along with self reports of arm tingling and numbness. Relative shoulder abduction deficits and relative arm volume differences between ipsilateral and contralateral arms were calculated.ResultsShoulder abduction deficits ≥10% peaked at 1 week for the ALND (75%) and SLND (41%) groups. Arm volume differences ≥10% at 36 months were evident for the ALND (14%) and SLND (8%) groups. Numbness and tingling peaked at 6 months for the ALND (49%, 23%) and SLND (15%, 10%) groups. Logistic regression correlates of residual morbidity included treatment group, age, handedness, tumor size, systemic chemotherapy, and radiation to the axilla.ConclusionsAlthough residual morbidity for both treatment groups was evident, the results of the NSABP B‐32 study indicate the superiority of the SLND compared to the ALND treatment approach relative to post‐surgical morbidity outcomes over a 3‐year follow‐up period. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:111–118. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Outcome in adult patients with head and neck sarcomas—a 10‐year analysis
Authors: Mücke Thomas , Mitchell David A. , Tannapfel Andrea , Hölzle Frank , Kesting Marco R. , Wolff Klaus‐Dietrich , Kolk Andreas , Kanatas Anastasios 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveSarcomas of the head and neck in adults are malignant tumors with many histological subtypes and sites of origin. The purpose of this study was to analyze the outcome of adult patients suffering from head and neck sarcomas and to identify any clinical and histological predictors of outcome.Materials and MethodsThe medical records of 74 patients treated during 1999–2008 were reviewed. All patients suffered from primary head and neck sarcomas.ResultsThe mean survival of patients was 44.49 ± 32.25 months. The 2‐ and 5‐year overall survival rates were 83.78% and 60.81%. The nodal status (P = 0.032), tumor size (P < 0.0001), tumor location (P = 0.03), histological type (P = 0.002), the involvement of bone (P = 0.032), and age (P < 0.0001) were significant parameters influencing survival.ConclusionThis study demonstrated a better than expected crude overall survival and a higher rate of recovery of involved regional lymph nodes with evidence of poorer outcome when cervical metastases are evident. It is suggested that this may reflect the impact of specialist head and neck surgical techniques (applicable to all head and neck malignancy) as well as the recognized need for specialization in pathology and nonsurgical oncology in the care of these patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:170–174. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nature of torture, PTSD, and somatic symptoms among political ex‐prisoners
Authors: Punamäki Raija‐Leena , Qouta Samir R. , Sarraj Eyad El 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe authors examined how different types of torture methods are associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and somatic symptoms among political ex‐prisoners. Participants were 275 Palestinian men who reported their experiences in detention and imprisonment, PTSD (the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire), and somatic symptoms. A principal component analysis revealed physical torture, psychological torture, sensory discomfort and deprivation, and beatings as dimensions of exposure to torture. Both physical and psychological torture methods were associated with increased PTSD symptoms, especially when combined. Psychological torture was also associated with increased somatic symptoms. The results are discussed in relation to their contribution to the current debate on the nature and definition of torture.
Design of Artificial Selenoenzymes Based on Macromolecular Scaffolds
Authors: Huang Xin , Yin Yanzhen , Liu Junqiu 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase has received increased attention as one of the antioxidative enzymes exerting important biological roles in living bodies. Over the past decades, much effort has been invested to mimic its catalytic behavior for understanding enzymatic catalytic mechanisms and also for developing potential medicines. A great number of artificial GPxs, ranging from small molecular compounds to macromolecular ones, have been designed and prepared by combining the concept of recognition and catalysis using chemical, biological and supramolecular strategies. In this article, we specify the development of artificial GPxs based on macromolecules as scaffolds, and discuss the power of reduced models in studying the bio‐catalytic nature of selenoenzymes.magnified image
The anti‐Specker property, positivity, and total boundedness
Authors: Bridges Douglas , Diener Hannes 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWorking within Bishop‐style constructive mathematics, we examine some of the consequences of the anti‐Specker property, known to be equivalent to a version of Brouwer's fan theorem. The work is a contribution to constructive reverse mathematics (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On some peculiar aspects of the constructive theory of point‐free spaces
Authors: Curi Giovanni 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper presents several independence results concerning the topos‐valid and the intuitionistic (generalised) predicative theory of locales. In particular, certain consequences of the consistency of a general form of Troelstra's uniformity principle with constructive set theory and type theory are examined (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the Importance of Morphology Control in Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: van Bavel Svetlana , Veenstra Sjoerd , Loos Joachim 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNanostructured polymer‐based solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a promising low‐cost alternative to conventional inorganic photovoltaic devices and are now a subject of intensive research both in academia and industry. For PSCs to become practical efficient devices, several issues should still be addressed, including further understanding of their operation and stability, which in turn are largely determined by the morphological organisation in the photoactive layer. The latter is typically a few hundred nanometres thick film and is a blend composed of two materials: the bulk heterojunction consisting of the electron donor and the electron acceptor. The main requirements for the morphology of efficient photoactive layers are nanoscale phase segregation for a high donor/acceptor interface area and hence efficient exciton dissociation, short and continuous percolation pathways of both components leading through the layer thickness to the corresponding electrodes for efficient charge transport and collection, and high crystallinity of both donor and acceptor materials for high charge mobility. In this paper, we review recent progress of our understanding on how the efficiency of a bulk heterojunction PSC largely depends on the local nanoscale volume organisation of the photoactive layer.magnified image
Freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: The impact of dual‐tasking and turning
Authors: Spildooren Joke , Vercruysse Sarah , Desloovere Kaat , Vandenberghe Wim , Kerckhofs Eric , Nieuwboer Alice 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground: Turning is the most important trigger for freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson's disease (PD), and dual‐tasking has been suggested to influence FOG as well. Objective: To understand the effects of dual tasking and turning on FOG. Methods: 14 Freezers and 14 non‐freezers matched for disease severity and 14 age‐matched controls were asked to turn 180° and 360° with and without a cognitive dual‐task during the off‐period of the medication cycle. Total number of steps, duration, cadence, freezing‐frequency, and secondary‐task performance were measured. Results: Seven freezers froze during the protocol. Freezing occurred in 37.5% of trials during 180° turning compared to 0% during straight‐line walking (X2 = 10.44, p < 0.01). The occurrence of FOG increased during 360° when also a dual‐task was added (X2 = 4.23, p = 0.04). Freezers took significantly more steps and were slower than controls in all conditions. The presence of a dual‐task increased these differences. Cadence increased significantly for freezers during 360° and 180° compared to straight‐line walking. In contrast, cadence was decreased during turning in controls and non‐freezers. During straight‐line walking, only freezers made errors in the secondary task. Controls increased their error‐rate during 180° turning, whereas freezers deteriorated their secondary task performance during 360°. Conclusions: 360° turning in combination with a dual‐task is the most important trigger for freezing. During turning, non‐freezers and controls decreased their cadence whereas freezers increased it, which may be related to FOG. Freezers adopted a posture second strategy in contrast to non‐freezers when confronted with a dual task. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
An ultra‐wide stopband microstrip bandpass filter
Authors: Zheng Guangming , Lin Weigan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article develops a novel microstrip bandpass filter with ultra‐wide stopband.With the assistance of open stubs and interdigital capacitors, a very wide stopband with a sufficient rejection level can be achieved easily. Detailed design and synthesis procedures are provided. Moreover, the electromagnetic simulator ansoft designer v3 is used, and the prototype of the bandpass filter is fabricated and measured. Good agreement between measured and theoretically predicted results demonstrates feasibility of the proposed filter. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2218–2221, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25426