bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategy for high‐fidelity multiplex DNA copy number assay system using capillary electrophoresis devices
Authors: Shin Seung‐Hun , Shin Gi Won , Yim Seon‐Hee , Jung Seung‐Hyun , Jung Gyoo Yeol , Chung Yeun‐Jun 
Published: June 2011

AbstractStructural variation of human genome such as duplications and deletions, collectively termed copy number variation (CNV), is one of the major genetic variations. Reliable and efficient measurement of CNV will be essential to develop diagnostic tools for CNV‐related diseases. We established a strategy based on multiplex PCR and capillary electrophoresis (CE) for reliable CNV assay. Multiplex‐PCR was performed using five primer sets for target loci and a diploid control (DC). We designed primers satisfying three conditions: different size of each PCR product for CE separation, unified annealing temperature for multiplex PCR, and suitability for quantitative PCR (qPCR). We defined the accurate PCR cycles for quantification of copy numbers at which the amplifications for all targets were supposed to be exponential, named maximum doubling cycle. CE was carried out with PCR product and the ratio of the peak areas (target/diploid control) was calculated. Our multiplex PCR‐CE analysis reliably determined copy numbers of X chromosome with variable copies ranging from 1 to 5 and showed higher reliability than qPCR (correlation coefficient 0.996 versus 0.898). When measuring the six randomly selected autosomal CNV targets using our multiplex PCR‐CE, the results agreed with those from qPCR. In addition, our strategy was validated for the broad application to commonly used CE devices. Taken together, this assay will be useful for accurate analysis of multiple disease‐associated CNVs in a clinical setting.
Protocol for high‐resolution electrophoresis separation of myosin heavy chain isoforms in bovine skeletal muscle
Authors: Picard Brigitte , Barboiron Christiane , Chadeyron David , Jurie Catherine 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn this short communication we describe a specific protocol for SDS‐PAGE separation of adult bovine myosin heavy‐chain (MyHC) isoforms. The conditions defined in this protocol allow a good separation with a good reproducibility of the four MyHC isoforms (MyHC I, IIa, IIx, IIb) identified in adult skeletal muscle of this species. This procedure uses mini‐gel electrophoresis system and does not involve preparation of gradient separating gels. In addition, this protocol can also be applied to the electrophoretic separation of ovine and camel MyHC isoforms.
A common right fronto‐parietal network for numerosity and duration processing: An fMRI study
Authors: Dormal Valérie , Dormal Giulia , Joassin Frédéric , Pesenti Mauro 
Published: June 2011

AbstractNumerosity and duration processing have been modeled by a functional mechanism taking the form of an accumulator working under two different operative modes. Separate investigations of their cerebral substrates have revealed partly similar patterns of activation, mainly in parietal and frontal areas. However, the precise cerebral implementation of the accumulator model within these areas has not yet been directly assessed. In this study, we asked participants to categorize the numerosity of flashed dot sequences or the duration of single dot displays, and we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the common neural correlates of these processes. The results reveal a large right‐lateralized fronto‐parietal network, including the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and areas in the precentral, middle and superior frontal gyri, which is activated by both numerosity and duration processing. Complementary psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analyses show a functional connectivity between the right IPS and the frontal areas in both tasks, whereas the right IPS was functionally connected to the left IPS and the right precentral area in the numerosity categorization task only. We propose that the right IPS underlies a common magnitude processing system for both numerosity and duration, possibly corresponding to the encoding and accumulation stages of the accumulator model, whereas the frontal areas are involved in subsequent working‐memory storage and decision‐making processes. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oncologic outcomes in advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas treated with different modalities in a single institution: A retrospective analysis of 65 cases
Authors: Bussu Francesco , Miccichè Francesco , Rigante Mario , Dinapoli Nicola , Parrilla Claudio , Bonomo Pierluigi , Cadoni Gabriella , Mantini Giovanna , Galli Jacopo , Rufini Vittoria , Almadori Giovanni , Valentini Vincenzo , Paludetti Gaetano 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackgroundTreatment for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has been predominantly surgical for decades, but in the last 20 years nonsurgical modalities (radiotherapy), with the aim of organ preservation, also became predominant among advanced stages. Retrospectively evaluating our series of stage III and stage IV laryngeal SCCs, we compared the 2 main therapeutic modalities.MethodsMedical records of 65 consecutive patients with advanced laryngeal SCC, from November 2005 to January 2009, were reviewed.ResultsAmong irradiated patients 2‐year organ preservation was 86% for cT2, 43% for cT3, and 17% for cT4a (p = .037, Wilcoxon test). With respect to survival, the only significant differences between surgery and radiotherapy were detected among cT4a SCCs (p = .03, Wilcoxon test), in favor of surgery.ConclusionsThe present results confirm the surgical recommendation for cT4a laryngeal SCCs. On the other hand, for T < 4, our results confirm that radiochemotherapy warrants a survival similar to that of total laryngectomy, thus allowing us to preserve the larynx in a relevant number of cases. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Oxytocin stimulates adult neurogenesis even under conditions of stress and elevated glucocorticoids
Authors: Leuner Benedetta , Caponiti Julia M. , Gould Elizabeth 
Published: June 2011

AbstractOxytocin has been linked to social behavior, including social recognition, pair bonding and parenting, but its potential role in promoting neuronal growth has not been investigated. We show here that oxytocin, but not vasopressin, stimulates both cell proliferation and adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus of rats. Oxytocin is also capable of stimulating adult neurogenesis in rats subjected to glucocorticoid administration or cold water swim stress. These findings suggest that oxytocin stimulates neuronal growth and may protect against the suppressive effects of stress hormones on hippocampal plasticity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Aminopropyltriethoxysilane‐silica hybrid monolithic capillary microextraction combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the determination of trace elements in biological samples
Authors: Zhang Lin , Chen Beibei , Peng Hanyong , He Man , Hu Bin 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA simple and sensitive method based on aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)‐silica hybrid monolithic capillary microextraction (CME) combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) was developed for the determination of trace elements in biological samples. Under the optimized conditions, the adsorption capacities of APTES‐silica hybrid monolithic capillary were 42.5, 55, 57.5, 82.5, 52.5, and 40 μg/m for Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II), respectively. The LODs were in the range of 1.2 (Cd)–14 (Pb) ng/L with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of <5.1% (c=1 μg/L, n=7). The reproducibility of APTES‐silica hybrid monolithic preparation ranged from 1.6 to 5.6% in one batch, and from 2.3 to 6.2% in batch‐to‐batch, respectively. To validate the developed method, two certified reference materials of NIES No. 10‐b rice flour and GBW 07601 (GSH‐1) human hair were analyzed and the determined values were in good agreement with the certified values. The proposed method has also been applied for the analysis of human hair and urine samples with the recoveries for the spiked samples in the range of 89–106%.
Improved preparation of chiral stationary phases via immobilization of polysaccharide derivative‐based selectors using diisocyanates
Authors: Tang Shouwan , Liu Guihua , Li Xiaofang , Jin Zhaolei , Wang Fang , Pan Fuyou , Okamoto Yoshio 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe classical method for the preparation of immobilized polysaccharide‐based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) with a diisocyanate was improved. Cellulose or amylose was directly coated onto 3‐aminopropyl silica gel after it was dissolved in a mixture of N,N‐dimethylacetamide, LiCl, and pyridine, then immobilized onto silica gel with a diisocyanate, and finally allowed to react with an excess of corresponding isocyanate. Four polysaccharide derivatives, 3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate and 3,5‐dichlorophenylcarbamate of cellulose, and 3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate and 5‐chloro‐2‐methylphenylcarbamate of amylose, were immobilized onto silica gel utilizing this method. Compared with the classical diisocyanate method, the improved procedure avoided the derivatization and regeneration of 6‐hydroxyl groups of cellulose and amylose, and thus showed an advantage for simple and economical preparation. The relationships among the amount of diisocyanate used, immobilization efficiency, and enantioseparation on the cellulose‐based CSPs were investigated. Also, the solvent durability of the obtained CSPs was examined with eluents containing chloroform or THF. By utilizing these eluents, the chiral recognition abilities of the obtained CSPs for some of the tested racemates were improved.
A Challenge for Peptide Coarse Graining: Transferability of Fragment‐Based Models
Authors: Engin Ozge , Villa Alessandra , Peter Christine , Sayar Mehmet 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPeptides are highly promising building blocks for design and development of novel materials with potential application areas ranging from drug design to biotechnology. The necessity to understand the structural and thermodynamic properties of these complex materials has led to a dramatic increase in the development of computational techniques geared specifically towards peptide‐based systems. Both all‐atom (AA) and coarse‐grained (CG) simulations of such materials have become extremely important, where the latter is an indispensable tool for reaching the time and length scales relevant to the experiments. Here, we review different approaches and discuss the challenges in the development of CG models for peptides. In particular, we concentrate on the transferability of fragment‐based CG models. We analyze the transferability of a solvent‐free CG model developed to model hydrophobic phenylalanine dipeptides (FF) in water. Here, we employ the same CG strategy—with non‐bonded potentials based on peptide fragments—to two other hydrophobic dipeptides, valine–phenylalanine (VF) and isoleucine–phenylalanine (IF). In line with the previously developed model, the dipeptides are described by seven beads and the potentials developed for FF (bonded and non‐bonded) are directly applied to describe the phenylalanine and backbone atoms, while new potentials are developed to account for the valine and isoleucine sidechains. By comparing AA and CG intra and intermolecular samplings, we show the ability of the CG model to reproduce the conformational behavior and thermodynamic association properties of the corresponding atomistic systems. magnified image
Stereotactic techniques and perioperative management of DBS in dystonia
Authors: Starr Philip A. , Bejjani Paul , Lozano Andres M. , Metman Leo Verhagen , Hariz and Marwan I. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis article reviews the available literature related to the surgical technique for implantation of deep brain stimulation (DBS) hardware for the treatment of dystonia. Topics covered include stereotactic targeting, selection of specific hardware components, site of placement of the cable connectors and pulse generators, and postoperative documentation of electrode location. Techniques in stereotactic neurosurgery are rapidly evolving, and there is no Class I evidence to unequivocally validate any specific technique described. Nevertheless, the guidelines provided may assist surgical teams in tailoring a rational approach to DBS implantation in dystonia. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Intraoperative neurophysiology in DBS for dystonia
Authors: Vitek Jerry L. , DeLong Mahlon R. , Starr Philip A. , Hariz Marwan I. , Metman Leo Verhagen 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS) of the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi) has been demonstrated to be an effective therapy for the treatment of primary dystonia as well as tardive dystonia. Results for other forms of secondary dystonia have been less consistent. Although a number of target sites have been explored for the treatment of dystonia, most notably the motor thalamus, the target of choice remains the sensorimotor portion of the GPi. Although the optimal site within the GPi has not been determined, most centers agree that the optimal site involves the posteroventral lateral “sensorimotor” portion of the GPi. Microelectrode recording (MER) can be used to identify boundaries of the GPi and nearby white matter tracts, including the corticospinal tract and optic tract, and the sensorimotor GPi. However, whether or not the use of MER leads to improved outcomes compared with procedures performed without MER has not been determined. Currently, there is no evidence to support or refute the hypothesis that mapping structures with MER provides better short‐ or long‐term outcomes. Centers using MER do not report a preference of one system over another, but there have not been any studies to compare the relative benefits or risks of using more than 1 electrode simultaneously. Comparison studies of different target structures and targeting techniques in dystonia have not been performed. Additional research, which includes comparative studies, is needed to advance our understanding and optimization of DBS targets, techniques, and approaches along with their relative benefits and risks in dystonia. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Study of etching‐induced damage in GaN by hard X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Narita Tetsuo , Kikuta Daigo , Takahashi Naoko , Kataoka Keita , Kimoto Yasuji , Uesugi Tsutomu , Kachi Tetsu , Sugimoto Masahiro 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe carried out nondestructive measurements of the depth profile of etching‐induced damage in p‐type gallium nitride (p‐GaN), in particular surface band bending, using Hard X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (HAX‐PES). HAX‐PES at different take‐off angles of photoelectrons made it clear that etching by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) introduced donor‐like states in a surface layer of GaN. We were able to quantitatively analyze band bending and charge distribution in an etched p‐GaN. The analysis results indicated the existence of deep donors with a concentration of 1–2 × 1020 cm−3 in a surface layer whose thickness increased with increasing a bias power of ICP.
Effects of Pb(Mn,Nb)O3 doping on the properties of PZT‐based films deposited on silicon substrates
Authors: Zhang Tao , Zhang Shu‐yi , Wasa Kiyotaka , Zhang Hui , Chen Zhao‐jiang , Shui Xiu‐ji , Yang Yue‐tao 
Published: June 2011

AbstractTernary perovskite compound films of Pb(Mn,Nb)O3‐PbZrO3‐PbTiO3 (PMnN/PZ/PT) with different doping ratios of PMnN into PZT(52/48) matrix are deposited on SrRuO3 buffered Si substrates by a radio frequency magnetron sputtering system. It is found that the crystal structures, orientations, lattice constants of the ternary compound films are strongly dependent on the doping ratios of PMnN as the doping ratios are changed from 6 to 30%. These sputtered films showed polycrystal structures with mixed crystal orientations of (001)/(100), (101), (111) perovskite phases. As the doping ratio of the PMnN is in the range of (5–20)%PMnN‐(95–80)%PZT, the doping greatly improves the ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity. The highest values of the effective transversal piezoelective coefficient, e31,f  = −16.94 C/m2, for the thin films is obtained at the doping ratio of 20%PMnN, which is much larger than that of the similar PZT‐based materials and benefit to make piezoelectric devices.
Magnetoelectric effect in bi‐layered ferromagnetic structure
Authors: Gareeva Zukhra , Doroshenko Rurik 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMagnetoelectric effect and the properties of electric polarization appearing in a vicinity of magnetic inhomogeneity in bi‐layered ferromagnetic film have been theoretically considered. It has been shown that a variety of electric polarization transformations is possible under the action of applied magnetic field.The magnetization processes and the behaviour of polarization appear to be dependent on the relation between layers parameters. Two situations of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interlayer coupling have been considered and analysed. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Crystallization and physical properties of alkali phosphomolybdate glasses containing niobium oxide
Authors: Valente M. A. , Bih L. , Bih H. , Graça M. P. F. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractGlasses with transition metal ions have interest because of their potential use in electrochemical, electronic and electro‐optical devices. Molybdenum oxide is not a glass‐forming, but it is able to enter the glass structure in the form of MoO4 tetrahedral or MoO6 octahedral with some glass‐forming, like P2O5. The binary MoO3–P2O5 glasses were stable over a wide range of compositions. The ternary glass P2O5–MoO3–Li2O presents high potentiality as fast ion‐conductors. Ferroelectric crystalline particles (LiNbO3) can be obtained by heat‐treatments of the glass P2O5‐Li2O‐Nb2O5. The heat‐treatment does not promote glass‐ceramics with a single crystalline phase. The quaternary system P2O5‐MoO3‐Nb2O5‐X2O, (X=Li, Na), prepared by melt quenching, allowed the control of the crystalline phases obtained by heat‐treatments. In this work, the transparent as‐prepared glasses were heat‐treated at 550 ºC and 650 ºC for 4 hours. The structure of the samples was analyzed by differential thermal analyses (DTA), X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The change of the MoO3/P2O5 ratio is the main chemical parameter that governs the nucleation and growth of different crystallites. The decrease of this ratio induces the formation of non‐linear optical NbOPO4 crystallites in the glass. The increase of the ratio leads to the formation of other phases, such as LiPO3 (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High‐power GaN‐HEMT with low current collapse for millimeter‐wave amplifier
Authors: Makiyama Kozo , Ohki Toshihiro , Okamoto Naoya , Kanamura Masahito , Masuda Satoshi , Nakasha Yasuhiro , Joshin Kazukiyo , Imanishi Kenji , Hara Naoki , Ozaki Shiro , Nakamura Norikazu , Kikkawa Toshihide 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThere are high expectations for GaN high electron mobility transistors (GaN‐HEMT) to serve as a key device in the production of a high power and high efficiency millimeter‐wave amplifier. Until now, an extremely low three‐terminal pinched‐off‐current of less than 10‐6 A/mm was achieved by applying band engineering. It improved the on‐state breakdown voltage to 50 V and the off‐state breakdown voltage to over 100 V (Makiyama et al., Phys. Status Solidi C 6(S2), S1012 (2009) [1]). However, the output power of a GaN‐HEMT decreases due to current collapse. In particular, the influence of current collapse increases in a GaN‐HEMT with a short gate‐length. In this work, technology was developed to reduce this amount of current collapse. By utilizing thin silicon nitride passivation film that contained many Si‐H bonds, the current collapse was remarkably improved. A 3‐stage common source amplifier MMIC was fabricated that used the current collapse reducing technology. The Pin vs. Pout characteristics were measured at the W‐band. Excellent power characteristics, such as Pout of 1.3 W at 75 GHz at 35 V operation, and a frequency bandwidth of 13 GHz were demonstrated. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Performance improvement of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors with atomic layer deposition (ALD) of SiO2 and HfAlO dielectrics
Authors: Kirkpatrick Casey , Lee Bongmook , Yang Xiangyu , Misra Veena 
Published: June 2011

AbstractGaN metal oxide semiconductor heterojunction field effect transistors have been fabricated with SiO2 and HfAlO gate dielectrics deposited via atomic layer deposition. These transistors have threshold voltages more positive than ‐4 V and exhibit 3 orders of magnitude lower gate leakage than Schottky gated heterojunction field effect transistors (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth of semipolar {10$ \bar 1 $1} GaN from c ‐plane‐like sapphire sidewall of patterned n ‐plane sapphire substrate
Authors: Takami Masaki , Kurisu Akihiro , Abe Yuki , Okada Narihito , Tadatomo Kazuyuki 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe direct growth of semipolar {10$ \bar 1 $1} GaN via metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy has been demonstrated using a patterned n ‐plane sapphire substrate with a c ‐plane‐like sidewall and terrace covered with a SiO2 mask. From X‐ray diffraction analysis, it was clear that a uniformly oriented {10$ \bar 1 $1} GaN layer was obtained. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy measurements showed a flat surface morphology. The root‐mean‐square value of the {10$ \bar 1 $1} GaN layer is 0.7 nm over a 5 × 5 μm2 area. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A wavelength engineered emitter incorporating CdSe‐based colloidal quantum dots into nanoporous InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well matrix
Authors: Dang Cuong , Zhang Yu , Han Jung , Nurmikko Arto , Breen Craig , Steckel Jonathan S. , Coe‐Sullivan Seth 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe have created a nanocomposite material which integrates a nitride semiconductor backbone with colloidal II‐VI nanocrystals. An electronically viable scaffold of nanoporous InGaN/GaN heterostructures was first made by electrochemical etching. High efficiency luminescent, colloidal CdSe‐based quantum dots were then embedded within the nanoporous nitride host. The transfer of the QDs from their native solution environment to the nanoporous host preserves their key light emitting features of photostability and narrow spectral linewidths. The size tunability of QDs allows engineering emission wavelength and creating a multicolor luminescent emitter with aim towards solid state lighting applications. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photocurrent spectroscopy on GaInN/GaN multiple quantum well solar cell structures
Authors: Zhao Liang , Hou Wenting , Li Yufeng , Detchprohm Theeradetch , Wetzel Christian 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe demonstrate photocurrent (PC) spectroscopy of GaInN/GaN multiple quantum well structures with electroluminescence peak wavelengths near 550 nm. Two classes of closely related samples were grown by metal‐organic vapor phase epitaxy on c ‐plane (0001) sapphire substrate. Although nominally identical, one set appears optically transparent while the other appears black to the eye. The PC spectrum of the black sample shows a strong enhancement of absorption at wavelengths longer than 450 nm. In UV microscopy clusters of dark areas are found in the black sample. Such findings are commonly ascribed to areas of Indium phase segregation but require further study. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)