bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simple and relatively painless technique for hysterosalpingography, using a thin catheter and closing the cervix with the vaginal speculum: a pilot study
Authors: Mansour Ragaa , Nada Adel , El-Khayat Waleed , Abdel-Hak Ahmed , Inany Hisham 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT

Objective
To evaluate the use of a thin catheter for hysterosalpingography (HSG) for reducing the pain experienced during the procedure.

Methods
Infertile women undergoing tubal patency tests were randomised into two groups. In the study group (n=66) a thin catheter originally designed for intrauterine insemination was used to inject the dye. Leakage of the dye was prevented using a vaginal speculum to press on the portiovaginalis of the cervix. The control group (n=23) underwent HSG using the standard metal cannula. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the level of pain immediately after the procedure. The main outcome measures were the level of pain experienced by the patient during the procedure and the efficacy of the new technique.

Results
The mean (±SD) VAS was 11.2±3.1 in the study group and 54.7±10.1 in the metal cannula group (p&lt;0.0001). During the dye injection, the VAS was 10.3±5.2 in the study group compared to 64.1±17.3 in the metal cannula group (p&lt;0.0001). The new technique was successful in filling the uterine cavity with the dye and studying the fallopian tubes.

Conclusions
Using a thin catheter for HSG and pressing on the cervix with the vaginal speculum to prevent leakage of the dye is a successful method to study the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes, and it significantly reduces the pain as compared to a metal cannula.
Ice-marginal and periglacial processes and sediments: an introduction
Authors: Martini I. Peter , French Hugh M. , Alberti Augusto Pérez 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The volume focuses on the analysis of glacial clastic sedimentary deposits, both ancient and recent. The papers range from reviews of glacial systems and cold-climate weathering products and processes to conceptual and field studies of specific ice-marginal and cold-climate sediments. Papers are included that deal with tidewater glaciers, mountain settings on Earth, permafrost areas on both Earth and Mars and detailed regional analyses of cold-climate sediments of Late Pleistocene and Holocene age. The identification of sedimentary facies allows an accurate reconstruction of many of the developmental processes that are involved in ice-marginal and periglacial environments. Lithostratigraphic characteristics of clastic deposits also constitute circumstantial evidence for the previous existence of ancient, and certainly pre-Quaternary, cold-climate systems. This is demonstrated by a study on putative Palaeozoic glacial deposits in Saudi Arabia.
Gullies, polygons and mantles in Martian permafrost environments: cold desert landforms and sedimentary processes during recent Martian geological history
Authors: Levy J. S. , Head J. W. , Marchant D. R. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
A range of cold desert landforms are found on the Martian surface that have been interpreted to indicate prevailing frozen and hyper-arid conditions for at least the past several million years. These cold desert conditions are punctuated by brief periods of localized surficial liquid water flow. Sediment transport pathways operate under these conditions of extreme cold and aridity and the processes involved generate permafrost landforms that are recognizable from spacecraft at local, regional and global scales. Thermal-contraction-crack polygons are associated with hemisphere-spanning mantle units that contain excess ice in the immediate subsurface. Sublimation is the dominant phase transition rather than melting under present Martian conditions. Evidence is presented for melting of near-surface snow, frost and/or ground ice in protected gully alcove microclimates during the most recent several million years.
Stratified slope deposits: periglacial and other processes involved
Authors: Van Steijn H. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract

Stratified slope deposits occur on or at the base of slopes within a wide range of hilly or mountainous environments. Gelifraction, a lack of vegetation, and snowmelt-derived slopewash are thought to be important factors in their development. The relatively fine-grained
grèzes litées
found at many sites within the French Charente region are the prototype of this kind of deposit. The original, strictly limited and genetically intended definition has been enlarged by mainly non-French authors causing considerable confusion.

Other assemblages of cold-climate slope deposits are more heterogeneous, sometimes less clearly stratified, and show much larger variation in grain sizes and sedimentary structures than
grèzes litées
. The most important of these are stone-banked solifluction (sheets or lobes), rock fall, (dry) grain flow, frost-coated clast flow, debris flow, snow avalanching and, to a lesser degree, rain-generated overland flow and (niveo-) aeolian activity. Many of these processes are azonal and occur under a wide range of environmental conditions. A periglacial context may nevertheless influence process activity in these cases, for instance with regard to their magnitude and/or frequency.
Cold-climate slope deposits and landscape modifications of the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain, Eastern USA
Authors: Newell W. L. , Dejong B. D. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The effects of Pleistocene cold-climate geomorphology are distributed across the weathered and eroded Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain uplands from the Wisconsinan terminal moraine south to Tidewater Virginia. Cold-climate deposits and landscape modifications are superimposed on antecedent landscapes of old, weathered Neogene upland gravels and Pleistocene marine terraces that had been built during warm periods and sea-level highstands. In New Jersey, sequences of surficial deposits define a long history of repeating climate change events. To the south across the Delmarva Peninsula and southern Maryland, most antecedent topography has been obscured by Late Pleistocene surficial deposits. These are spatially variable and are collectively described as a cold-climate alloformation. The cold-climate alloformation includes time-transgressive details of climate deterioration from at least marine isotope stage (MIS) 4 through the end of MIS 2. Some deposits and landforms within the alloformation may be as young as the Younger Dryas. Southwards along the trend of the Potomac River, these deposits and their climatic affinities become diffused. In Virginia, a continuum of erosion and surficial deposits appears to be the product of ‘normal’ temperate, climate-forced processes. The cold-climate alloformation and more temperate deposits in Virginia are being partly covered by Holocene alluvium and bay mud.
Fingerprints of Quaternary glaciations on Svalbard
Authors: Ingólfsson Ó. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Marine and terrestrial archives can be used to reconstruct the development of glacially influenced depositional environments on Svalbard in time and space during the late Cenozoic. The marine archives document sedimentary environments, deposits and landforms associated with the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) when Svalbard and the Barents Sea were covered by continental-scale marine-based ice sheet, the last deglaciation and the work of tidewater glaciers in interglacial setting as today. The terrestrial archives record large-scale Quaternary glacial sculpturing and repeated build-up and decay of the Svalbard–Barents Sea ice sheet. The fingerprinting of Quaternary glaciations on Svalbard reflects the transition from a full-glacial mode, with very extensive coverage by the Svalbard–Barents Sea ice sheet and subsequent deglaciation, to an interglacial mode with valley, cirque and tidewater glaciers as active agents of erosion and deposition. Conceptual models for Svalbard glacial environments are useful for understanding developments of glacial landforms and sediments in formerly glaciated areas. Svalbard glacial environments, past and present, may serve as analogues for interpreting geological records of marine-terminating and marine-based ice sheets in the past.
The kinematics of ancient tidewater ice margins: criteria for recognition from grounding-line moraines
Authors: Lønne Ida , Nemec W. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Modern studies indicate that the kinematic behaviour of tidewater glaciers is a crucial part of ice-sheet dynamics. A similar relationship may be expected for ancient ice sheets, but can the kinematics of ancient tidewater ice margins be recognized? The paper addresses this methodological issue by pointing to the high-resolution stratigraphic record of marine moraines, thus far little explored. On the basis of a series of case studies, a range of field criteria are proposed for the recognition of short-term grounding-line movement and possible oscillations in moraine outcrop sections. The method combines allostratigraphic mapping and architectural facies analysis of the moraine sedimentary units formed during glacier advance, subaqueous stillstand and eventual subaerial stillstand, with recognition of the successive ice-contact surfaces. The stacking architecture of the sedimentary units and their ice-contact bounding surfaces reveal the time–distance trajectory of the grounding-line positions. It is also possible to recognize changes in the mode and rate of subglacial sediment delivery, as well as fluctuations in the ice flux and meltwater discharge. This methodology invites detailed studies of marine moraines. Systematic case studies on a regional scale may provide new information on the behaviour of tidewater ice margins and lead to unprecedented insights into the dynamics of ancient ice sheets.
The formation of Alpine lateral moraines inferred from sedimentology and radar reflection patterns: a case study from Gornergletscher, Switzerland
Authors: Lukas S. , Sass O. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract

Studies on the formation of alpine lateral moraines are rare; consequently, their internal structure and their modes of formation are relatively poorly understood. We present here sedimentological and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data from a lateral moraine complex where an exposure allows radar facies to be compared to the field evidence. The moraine, which is slightly asymmetric with a slightly steeper distal slope, consists of alternating clast- and matrix-supported stratified diamicts and intercalated sorted sediment units which are all subparallel to the moraine surface. They are interpreted as subaerial debris flows and fluvial sediments, respectively. The GPR, using frequencies of 50, 100 and 200 MHz, allows tracing of very similar subparallel reflectors to
c.
10 m into the subsurface. These are interpreted to represent the diamict units while the thickness of the sorted sediment units is below GPR resolution. Our data suggests that a two or three frequency approach supplemented by common-midpoint (CMP) measurements works well in glaciated high-mountain environments. Based on our sedimentological and GPR data we develop a conceptual framework for the formation of successive lateral moraines which involves ice-contact fan sedimentation, followed by collapse and incremental reworking of the proximal side during glacier retreat.
Palaeozoic glacial depositional environments of SW Saudi Arabia: process and product
Authors: Keller Martin , Hinderer Matthias , Al-Ajmi Hussain , Rausch Randolf 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Saudi Arabia is one of the few places in Gondwana where deposits of two Palaeozoic glaciations are well preserved. They were formed under similar conditions in a tectonically stable shelf setting. We studied the sedimentary facies and architectural geometries of Upper Ordovician and Permo-Carboniferous glaciogenic deposits in the Wajid Sandstone and developed a genetic model for both units. Common features and of both glacial episodes are (a) incision of glacial (tunnel?) valleys, (b) subsequent valley fill by proglacial deposits in front of an oscillating, polythermal ice shield; (c) intra-formational erosional events through repeated ice advance, (d) widespread and large-scale soft deformation due to glacial surge during deglaciation, and (e) marine transgression most probably due to eustatic sea-level rise following deglaciation. The general patterns and observations fit well with recently published observations on Upper Ordovician deposits in northern Africa, pointing to closely coupled glaciological processes of the North African–Arabian ice shield. Although the same general patterns apply for the Permo-Carboniferous glaciation, sedimentary styles and petrographical properties differ, probably due to a more heterogeneous ice-flow pattern controlled by a more pronounced topography after the Hercynian tectonic event.
Frozen sediments and previously-frozen sediments
Authors: French H. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Frozen surficial sediments that are otherwise unconsolidated contain structures and characteristics that are different from those of the same sediments when in an unfrozen state. These differences are usually related to either the nature of the ice contained within the frozen sediment or to weathering processes and chemical precipitates that are associated with freezing and thawing. This paper summarizes (a) the manner in which ground freezes when a landscape experiences the onset of cold-climate conditions and (b) what happens when newly transported sediments freeze following deposition in that environment. In the absence of obvious morphological evidence, the recognition of previously-frozen sediments is problematic. Less well-understood evidence includes secondary precipitates, neoformed clay minerals, seasonal frost cracks and fragipans.
Erythropoietin Induces Lymph Node Lymphangiogenesis and Lymph Node Tumor Metastasis
Authors: Lee Ae Sin , Kim Duk Hoon , Lee Jung Eun , Jung Yu Jin , Kang Kyung Pyo , Lee Sik , Park Sung Kwang , Kwak Jae Yong , Lee Sang Yong , Lim Suk Tae , Sung Mi Jung , Yoon Suk Ran , Kim Won 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Cancer therapy often produces anemia, which is treated with erthropoietin (EPO) to stimulate erythrocyte production. However, concerns have recently arisen that EPO treatment may promote later tumor metastasis and mortality. The mechanisms underlying such effects are unknown, but it is clear that EPO has pleiotropic effects in cell types other than hematopoietic cells. In this study, we investigated how EPO affects lymphangiogenesis and lymph node tumor metastasis in mouse models of breast cancer and melanoma. In these models, EPO increased lymph node lymphangiogenesis and lymph node tumor metastasis in a manner associated with increased migration, capillary-like tube formation, and dose- and time-dependent proliferation of human lymphatic endothelial cells. EPO increased sprouting of these cells in a thoracic duct lymphatic ring assay. These effects were abrogated by cotreatment with specific inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase or mitogen-activated protein kinase, under conditions in which EPO increased Akt and extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation. Intraperitoneal administration of EPO stimulated peritoneal lymphangiogenesis, and systemic treatment of EPO increased infiltration of CD11b+ macrophages in tumor-draining lymph nodes. Finally, EPO increased VEGF-C expression in lymph node–derived CD11b+ macrophages as well as in bone marrow–derived macrophages in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Our results establish that EPO exerts a powerful lymphangiogenic function and can drive both lymph node lymphangiogenesis and nodal metastasis in tumor-bearing animals. Cancer Res; 71(13); 4506–17. ©2011 AACR.
Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of the Target Efficacy of SB939, an Oral HDAC Inhibitor with Selectivity for Tumor Tissue
Authors: Novotny-Diermayr Veronica , Sausgruber Nina , Loh Yung Kiang , Pasha Mohammed Khalid , Jayaraman Ramesh , Hentze Hannes , Yong Wei-Peng , Goh Boon-Cher , Toh Han-Chong , Ethirajulu Kantharaj , Zhu Joy , Wood Jeanette Marjorie 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
SB939 is an oral histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor currently in phase II clinical trials potently inhibiting class I, II, and IV HDACs with favorable pharmacokinetic properties, resulting in tumor tissue accumulation. To show target efficacy, a Western blot assay measuring histone H3 acetylation (acH3) relative to a loading control was developed, validated on cancer cell lines, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and in animal tumor models. Exposure of cells to 60 nmol/L (22 ng/mL) SB939 for 24 hours was sufficient to detect an acH3 signal in 25 μg of protein lysate. AcH3 levels of liver, spleen, PBMCs, bone marrow and tumor were measured in BALB/c mice, HCT-116 xenografted BALB/c nude mice, or in SCID mice orthotopically engrafted with AML (HL-60) after oral treatment with SB939. AcH3 could only be detected after treatment. In all tissues, the highest signal detected was at the 3-hour time point on day 1. On day 15, the signal decreased in normal tissues but increased in cancerous tissues and became detectable in the bone marrow of leukemic mice. In all tissues, acH3 correlated with SB939 dose levels (r2 = 0.76–0.94). When applied to PBMCs from 30 patients with advanced solid malignancies in a phase I clinical trial, a dose-dependent (10–80 mg) increase in relative acH3 was observed 3-hour postdose on day 1, correlating with Cmax and AUC of SB939 concentrations in plasma (r = 0.97, P = 0.014). Our data show that the favorable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of SB939 are translated from preclinical models to patients. Mol Cancer Ther; 10(7); 1207–17. ©2011 AACR.
Impact of Polymer Formulations on Neointimal Proliferation After Zotarolimus-Eluting Stent With Different Polymers
Authors: Waseda Katsuhisa , Ako Junya , Yamasaki Masao , Koizumi Tomomi , Sakurai Ryota , Hongo Yoichiro , Koo Bon-Kwon , Ormiston John , Worthley Stephen G. , Whitbourn Robert J. , Walters Darren L. , Meredith Ian T. , Fitzgerald Peter J. , Honda Yasuhiro 
Published: May 2011

Background—
Polymer formulation may affect the efficacy of drug-eluting stents. Resolute, Endeavor, and ZoMaxx are zotarolimus-eluting stents with different stent platforms and different polymer coatings and have been tested in clinical trials. The aim of this analysis was to compare the efficacy of zotarolimus-eluting stents with different polymers.

Methods and Results—

Data were obtained from the first-in man trial or first randomized trials of each stent, The Clinical RESpOnse EvaLUation of the MedTronic Endeavor CR ABT-578 Eluting Coronary Stent System in De Novo Native Coronary Artery Lesions (RESOLUTE), Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of the Medtronic AVE ABT-578 Eluting Driver Coronary Stent in De Novo Native Coronary Artery Lesions (ENDEAVOR II), and ZoMaxx I trials. Follow-up intravascular ultrasound analyses (8 to 9 months of follow-up) were possible in 353 patients (Resolute: 88, Endeavor: 98, ZoMaxx: 82, Driver: 85). Volume index (volume/stent length) was obtained for vessel, stent, lumen, peristent plaque, and neointima. Cross-sectional narrowing was defined as neointimal area divided by stent area (%). Neointima-free frame ratio was calculated as the number of frames without intravascular ultrasound–detectable neointima divided by the total number of frames within the stent. At baseline, vessel, lumen, and peristent plaque volume index were not significantly different among the 4 stent groups. At follow-up, percent neointimal obstruction was significantly lower in Resolute compared with Endeavor, ZoMaxx, and Driver (Resolute: 3.7±4.0, Endeavor: 17.5±10.1, ZoMaxx: 14.6±8.1, Driver: 29.4±17.2%;
P
<0.001). Greater maximum cross-sectional narrowing and higher neointima-free frame ratio, suggesting less neointimal coverage, were observed in Resolute compared with other stent groups. Multiple regression analysis confirmed that the biodurable polymer used in Resolute independently correlated with neointimal suppression among 3 zotarolimus-eluting stents.

Conclusions—
The different polymer formulations significantly affect the relative amount of neointima for zotarolimus-eluting stents.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00248079.
Intravascular Ultrasound Findings of Early Stent Thrombosis After Primary Percutaneous Intervention in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Choi So-Yeon , Witzenbichler Bernhard , Maehara Akiko , Lansky Alexandra J. , Guagliumi Giulio , Brodie Bruce , Kellett Mirle A. , Dressler Ovidiu , Parise Helen , Mehran Roxana , Dangas George D. , Mintz Gary S. , Stone Gregg W. 
Published: May 2011

Background—
Small stent area and residual inflow/outflow disease have been reported as the strongest intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) predictors of early stent thrombosis (ST) in patients with stable angina. IVUS predictors of early ST in patients with acute myocardial infarction have not been studied.

Methods and Results—

In the Harmonizing Outcomes with Revascularization and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction (HORIZONS-AMI) study, a formal substudy included poststent and 13-month follow-up IVUS at 36 centers. Twelve patients with baseline IVUS who had definite/probable early ST ≤30 days after enrollment were compared with 389 patients without early ST. Significant residual stenosis was a lumen area <4.0 mm
2
with ≥70% plaque burden ≤10 mm from each stent edge. Significant edge dissection was more than medial dissection with lumen area <4 mm
2
or dissection angle ≥60°. Randomization to bivalirudin (
P
=0.29) or paclitaxel-eluting stent (
P
=0.74) was not related to early ST. Minimum lumen area was smaller in patients with versus without early ST (4.4 mm
2
[3.6, 6.9] versus 6.7 mm
2
[5.3, 8.0], respectively,
P
=0.014). Minimum lumen area <5 mm
2
, significant residual stenosis, significant stent edge dissection, and significant tissue (plaque/thrombus) protrusion (more than the median that narrowed the lumen to <4 mm
2
) were more prevalent in patients with early ST, but significant acute malapposition (more than the median) was not. Overall, 100% of patients with early ST had at least 1 of these significant features: minimum lumen area <5 mm
2
, edge dissection, residual stenosis, or tissue protrusion versus 23% in patients without early ST (
P
<0.01).

Conclusions—
Smaller final lumen area and inflow/outflow disease (residual stenosis or dissection) but not acute malapposition were related to early ST after acute myocardial infarction intervention.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00433966.
The Influence of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation on the Troposphere in Winter in a Hierarchy of Models. Part II: Perpetual Winter WACCM Runs
Authors: Garfinkel Chaim I. , Hartmann Dennis L. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Experiments with the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) are used to understand the influence of the stratospheric tropical quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in the troposphere. The zonally symmetric circulation in thermal wind balance with the QBO affects high-frequency eddies throughout the extratropical troposphere. The influence of the QBO is strongest and most robust in the North Pacific near the jet exit region, in agreement with observations. Variability of the stratospheric polar vortex does not appear to explain the effect of the QBO in the troposphere in the model, although it does contribute to the response in the North Atlantic. Anomalies in tropical deep convection associated with the QBO appear to damp, rather than drive, the effect of the QBO in the extratropical troposphere. Rather, the crucial mechanism whereby the QBO modulates the extratropical troposphere appears to be the interaction of tropospheric transient waves with the axisymmetric circulation in thermal wind balance with the QBO. The response to QBO winds of realistic amplitude is stronger for perpetual February radiative conditions and sea surface temperatures than perpetual January conditions, consistent with the observed response in reanalysis data, in a coupled seasonal WACCM integration, and in dry model experiments described in Part I.