bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
General Theory of Constructing Potential with Bound States in the Continuum
Authors: Kurino Mao , Takayanagi Kazuo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We present a general theory of potentials that support bound states at positive energies (bound states in the continuum). On the theoretical side, we prove that, for systems described by nonlocal potentials of the form $V(r,r^{\prime })$, bound states at positive energies are as common as those at negative energies. At the same time, we show that a local potential of the form $V(r)$ rarely supports a positive-energy bound state. On the practical side, we show how to construct a (naturally nonlocal) potential that supports an arbitrary normalizable state at an arbitrary positive energy. We demonstrate our theory with numerical examples both in momentum and coordinate spaces with emphasis on the important role played by nonlocal potentials. Finally, we discuss how to observe bound states at positive energies, and where to search for nonlocal potentials that may support them.
The Afterlives of Mental Hygiene: Psychiatrizing Society in Socialist Yugoslavia
Authors: Savelli Mat 
Published: June 2024

Summary
This article explores the ‘afterlives’ of the mental hygiene movement in Yugoslavia, by considering two periods of time (the immediate post-WWII period and the early 1960s onwards). Despite the favourable ideological conditions, during which authorities sought to refashion healthcare in the direction of social prophylaxis in order to build socialism, practitioners in the immediate post-war era did not embrace socially focussed psychiatry, instead retreating to focus on the clinic and the brain. From the early 1960s, however, many Yugoslav clinicians embraced the social psychiatry movement. In their work, they articulated the notion that improving the mental health of individuals could benefit society, and that refashioning society could equally prevent mental illness. This ‘second afterlife’ of mental hygiene thus proved much more successful than the first. Yet rather than seeing their discipline as a tool to support the state and its aims, social psychiatrists critiqued the conditions of life within socialist Yugoslavia.
Device-measured weekend catch-up sleep, mortality, and cardiovascular disease incidence in adults
Authors: Chaput Jean-Philippe , Biswas Raaj Kishore , Ahmadi Matthew , Cistulli Peter A , Rajaratnam Shantha M W , Hamer Mark , Stamatakis Emmanuel 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Study Objective
Attempting to recover a sleep debt by extending sleep over the weekend is a common compensatory behavior in the population and is recommended by sleep-focused organizations. However, the purported benefits of catch-up sleep are based on a limited number of cross-sectional studies that relied on self-reported sleep. The objective of this study was to examine the association between accelerometer-derived weekend catch-up sleep and mortality and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults.

Methods
A prospective cohort study of UK adults who wore wrist-attached accelerometers was conducted. Weekend catch-up sleep was defined as a longer average sleep duration on weekends compared to weekdays. Participants were categorized into four groups: no weekend catch-up sleep (reference); &gt; 0 to &lt; 1 hour; ≥ 1 to &lt; 2 hours; and ≥ 2 hours difference. Associations between weekend catch-up sleep and mortality and incident CVD were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusted for potential confounders.

Results
A total of 73 513 participants (sample for mortality) and 70 518 participants (sample for CVD incidence) were included, with an average (SD) follow-up period of 8.0 (0.9) years. In multivariable-adjusted models, weekend catch-up sleep was not associated with mortality (≥ 2 hours group: hazard ratio [HR], 1.17 [95% CI: 0.97 to 1.41]) or incident CVD (HR, 1.05 [95% CI, 0.94 to 1.18]). Dose–response analyses treating catch-up sleep as a continuous measure or analyses restricted to adults sleeping less than 6 hours on weekdays at baseline were in agreement with these findings.

Conclusions
Weekend catch-up sleep was not associated with mortality or CVD incidence. These findings do not align with previous evidence and recommendations by sleep authorities suggesting that extending sleep over the weekend may offer protective health benefits.
Reducing Stimulant Prescribing Error: A Quality Improvement Initiative in Pediatric Outpatient Setting
Authors: Watthanathiraphapwong Natthaphon , Traipidok Pathrada , Charleowsak Pattra , Tassanakijpanich Nattaporn , Thongseiratch Therdpong 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
To evaluate the impact of the Songklanagarind ADHD Multidisciplinary Assessment and Care Team for Quality Improvement (SAMATI) initiative on reducing stimulant prescribing errors in a pediatric outpatient setting.

Methods:
A retrospective study examined attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) registry data from January 2017 to June 2023 to assess the impact of the SAMATI initiative, implemented in early 2020. This initiative, integrating multiple components such as audit and feedback, clinical pharmacist involvement, and Electronic Medical Record utilization, aimed to enhance ADHD medication management. Using interrupted time series and control chart analyses, the study evaluated the initiative's effect on reducing stimulant prescribing errors. Additionally, parental satisfaction was measured to gauge the initiative's overall success.

Results:
Out of 282 patients enrolled, 267 were included in the final analysis after exclusions. Post-intervention analysis showed significant reductions in various prescribing errors per thousand prescriptions: prescribing without concern drug-condition interaction (443 to 145, p < 0.001), prescribing without adequate monitoring (115 to 14, p < 0.001), lack of regular office visits (98 to 21, p = 0.007), and inappropriate dosage (66 to 14, p = 0.05). Medication errors severity classification also showed significant changes, with notable decreases in classes C and D errors. Parental satisfaction improved from 84% to 95%.

Conclusion:
The SAMATI initiative significantly reduced stimulant prescribing errors and enhanced parental satisfaction in ADHD care management. This study demonstrates the potential of comprehensive quality improvement strategies in improving medication management in pediatric healthcare. Further research in diverse settings is warranted to confirm these findings.
Impact of an AI-based laparoscopic cholecystectomy coaching program on the surgical performance: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wu Shangdi , Tang Ming , Liu Jie , Qin Dian , Wang Yuxian , Zhai Siwei , Bi Enxu , Li Yichuan , Wang Chunrong , Xiong Yong , Li Guangkuo , Gao Fengwei , Cai Yunqiang , Gao Pan , Wu Zhong , Cai He , Liu Jian , Chen Yonghua , Fang Chihua , Yao Li , Jiang Jingwen , Peng Bing , Wu Hong , Li Ang , Wang Xin 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the gold standard for treating symptomatic gallstones but carries inherent risks like bile duct injury. While the critical view of safety (CVS) is advocated to mitigate bile duct injury, its real-world adoption is limited. Additionally, significant variations in surgeon performance impede procedural standardization, highlighting the need for a feasible, innovative, and effective training approach. The aim of this study is to develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted coaching program for LC to enhance surgical education and improve surgeon’s performance.

Materials and methods:
The authors conducted a multicenter, randomized controlled trial from May 2022 to August 2023 to assess the impact of an AI-based coaching program, surgical coaching program, on novice performing LC. Surgeons and patients meeting specific inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to either a coaching group with AI-enhanced feedback or a self-learning group. The primary outcome was assessed using the Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Rating Form, with secondary outcomes including surgical safety, efficiency, and adverse events. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS, with significance set at a P-value less than 0.05.

Results:
Between May 2022 and August 2023, 22 surgeons were initially enrolled from 10 hospitals, with 18 completing the study. No demographic differences were noted between coaching and self-learning groups. In terms of surgical performance (Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Rating Form scores), the coaching group showed significant improvement over time (31 to 40, P=0.008), outperforming the self-learning group by study end (40 vs 38, P=0.032). Significant improvements in CVS achievement were also noted in the coaching group (11% to 78%, P=0.021). Overall, the coaching program was well-received, outpacing traditional educational methods in both understanding and execution of CVS and participants in the intervention group expressed strong satisfaction with the program.

Conclusions:
The AI-assisted surgical coaching program effectively improved surgical performance and safety for novice surgeons in LC procedures. The model holds significant promise for advancing surgical education.
Robotic assisted common bile duct exploration for management of complex gallstone disease
Authors: Latif Javed , Mountjoy Poppy , Lewis Harrison , Bhatti Imran , Awan Altaf 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Minimally invasive cholecystectomy and common bile duct exploration offers single-stage management for complex gallstone disease (cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis). The Robotic platform presents benefits in improving operative precision, which has not been extensively evaluated in the acute setting of managing complex gallstone disease, as well as in performing transcholedochal or postcholecystectomy common bile duct exploration. The authors report an early series of emergent and expedited robotic-assisted cholecystectomy with common bile duct exploration (RC-CBDE) or robotic common bile duct exploration (R-CBDE) alone.

Material and Methods:
A retrospective analysis from a specialist unit in the United Kingdom was undertaken from April 2022 to September 2023, inclusive. All patients who underwent RC-CBDE or R-CBDE were included. Data was collated on patient demographics, perioperative investigations, intraoperative approach, and postoperative outcomes.

Results:
Twenty-three consecutive patients were identified. The median (IQR) age was 51 (33–66) years. Median (IQR) Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was 1 (0–4). Five patients underwent operative intervention as an emergency and 18 on an expedited basis. Two patients underwent postcholecystectomy R-CBDE. Fourteen (61%) were transcholedochal and nine were transcystic (39%) CBDE. Median (IQR) bilirubin was 51 (34–253). Median (IQR) operative time was 176 (124–222) minutes. Median (IQR) postoperative length of stay was 2 (0–4) days. There were no bile leaks requiring intervention. The clearance rate of CBDS was 100%. No patients developed postoperative pancreatitis. One patient required intervention for port site hernia following RC-CBDE. One patient developed subhepatic collection postoperatively and required laparoscopic washout and placement of drains. No patients had retained stones after a 3-month follow-up.

Conclusion:
Early experience confirms that RC-CBDE and R-CBDE in feasible, safe, and effective treatment for complex gallstone disease. Integrated adjuncts (intraoperative robotic ultrasound – IORUS and Firefly – fluorescence guided surgery – FGS) and superior ergonomics of the robotic platform may assist in reducing the learning curve and increase wider uptake of this complex procedure.
The mediating effect of blood biomarkers in the associations between inflammatory bowel disease and incident psychiatric disorders: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Feng Jing , Wu Yanjun , Meng Meijun , Zeng Ruijie , Ma Yuying , Luo Dongling , Zhang Lijun , Zhang Yajie , Li Yang , Huang Wentao , Leung Felix W. , Duan Chongyang , Sha Weihong , Chen Hao 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Despite the growing evidence of an association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and psychiatric disorders, there has been limited research exploring the underlying mediating role of blood biomarkers on the gut-brain axis. This study aimed to examine the association between IBD and the risk of incident psychiatric disorders and investigate whether and how blood biomarkers mediate this association.

Methods:
This prospective cohort study using data from the UK Biobank included participants without psychiatric diagnoses at baseline. The case-cohort consisted of participants with a hospital-based diagnosis of IBD at baseline. The primary outcome was all psychiatric disorders. Secondary outcomes included 11 major psychiatric disorders. Cox regression models estimated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for psychiatric outcomes. Causal mediation models investigated the potential mediation effects of blood biomarkers.

Results:
Among 491 131 participants, patients with IBD exhibited higher risks of overall psychiatric disorders (HR 1.23 [95% CI: 1.13–1.33]), substance misuse (1.23 [1.09–1.38]), depression (1.36 [1.22–1.52]), anxiety (1.15 [1.01–1.30]) and post-traumatic stress disorder (1.87 [1.00–3.51]) compared with non-IBD participants. The association with incident substance misuse was only among patients with Crohn’s disease (CD, 1.47 [1.23–1.76]), but not ulcerative colitis (UC, 1.01 [0.84–1.21]). Mediation analysis revealed 16, 14, 15, and 6 biomarkers partially mediated the associations for all psychiatric disorders, substance misuse, depression, and anxiety, respectively. Six blood markers showed the strongest mediating effects: neutrophil count (proportion mediated: 12.04%), C-reactive protein (10.29%), systemic immune-inflammatory index (8.94%), erythrocyte distribution width (16.51%), erythrocyte count (9.76%), and albumin (9.15%). Moreover, several blood mediators of CD identified in association with incident substance misuse may explain the risk discrepancy between IBD subtypes.

Conclusion:
The blood biomarkers of inflammation, blood oxygen-carrying capacity, and metabolism mediate the effect of IBD on the risk of psychiatric outcomes and could be considered as a therapeutic target.
Efficacy and safety of ketamine wound infiltration for postoperative pain management: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Abate Semagn M. , Mergia Getachew , Basu Bivash , Gezahegn Mussie , Ayinie Animut 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Postoperative pain has a huge impact on the patients, families, healthcare practitioners, and healthcare delivery. Pain management with opioid-based analgesics and blind techniques have certain limitations, and ultrasound-based regional analgesia necessitates resources and experience, but ketamine wound infiltration is innovative with few side effects. However, its effectiveness is still uncertain.

Methods:
A thorough search was carried out across various databases including PubMed/Medline, Cochrane, ScienceDirect, CINAHL, and LILACS, with no limitations on date or language. Only randomized trials comparing the effectiveness of ketamine wound infiltration for managing postoperative pain were considered for inclusion. Two authors independently conducted data extraction, and the quality of evidence was assessed using GRADEpro software. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was utilized to ascertain the conclusiveness of the findings.

Results:
The review showed that the first analgesic request was higher in the control group as compared to ketamine standard mean difference (SMD)=1.68 (95% CI: 0.95–2.41). The TSA revealed that the cumulative Z-curve crosses both alpha-spending boundaries and reaches the required information size threshold, revealing strong power for current evidence. However, the quality of evidence was moderate.

Conclusion:
Despite available evidence, the provision of a firm conclusion is less optimal with current evidence as the included studies were unpowered with low to very low quality of evidence.
Vendor-Specific Correction Software for Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Bias Due to Gradient Nonlinearity in Breast Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Using Ice-Water Phantom
Authors: Yoshida Tsukasa , Urikura Atsushi , Endo Masahiro 
Published: June 2024

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate a vendor-specific correction software for apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) bias due to gradient nonlinearity in breast diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging using an ice-water phantom.

Methods
The phantom consists of 5 plastic tubes with a length of 100 mm and a diameter of 15 mm, filled with distilled water and immersed in an ice-water bath. Diffusion-weighted images were acquired by echo-planar imaging sequence on a 3.0-T scanner. ADC maps with and without correction were calculated using 4 b-values (0, 100, 600, and 800 s/mm2). The mean ADCs were measured using a rectangular profile with 5 × 40 pixels in the anterior-posterior (AP) and a square region of interest with 5 × 5 pixels in the right-left (RL) and superior-inferior (SI) directions on the ADC map. ADC was compared with and without correction using a paired t test. Additionally, ADC of the ice-water phantom was measured at the magnet isocenter.

Results
ADC increased in the AP and RL directions and decreased in the SI direction with increasing distance from the isocenter before correction. After the correction, ADC at the off-center positions in the AP, RL, and SI directions was reduced to within 5% of the expected value. There were significant differences in the ADC at the off-center positions without and with correction (P < 0.001); however, ADC at the magnet isocenter did not vary after correction (1.08 ± 0.02 × 10−3 mm2/s).

Conclusions
The vendor-specific software corrected the ADC bias due to gradient nonlinearity at the off-center positions in the AP, RL, and SI directions. Therefore, the software will contribute to the accurate ADC assessment in breast DWI.
Lowering Platelet Threshold to 20,000/μL for Fluoroscopy-Guided Lumbar Puncture Does Not Result in Observed Clinical Adverse Outcomes
Authors: Habib Ukasha , Buch Karen , Mehan William A. 
Published: June 2024

Purpose
Fluoroscopic-guided lumbar puncture (FG-LP) is a common neuroradiologic procedure. Traditionally, a minimum platelet count (MPC) of 50,000/μL for this procedure has been required; however, we recently adopted a lower MPC threshold of 20,000/μL. The purpose of this study was to compare adverse events in patients undergoing FG-LP with MPCs above to those below the conventional 50,000/μL threshold.

Materials
This was an institutional review board–approved, retrospective study on adult patients with hematologic malignancy undergoing FG-LP in the neuroradiology division between May 2021 and December 2022, after lowering the minimal required MPC to 20,000/μL. Recorded data included indication for FG-LP, preprocedure and postprocedure MPC, need for and number of platelet transfusions within 24 hours of FG-LP, presence of traumatic tap, FG-LP-related complications, and any platelet transfusion–related adverse event. Patients were classified into 2 groups based on MPC: (1) those above 50,000/μL and (2) those below 50,000/μL. Descriptive statistics were used comparing these 2 groups.

Results
One hundred twenty-eight patients underwent FG-LP, with 46 having an MPC between 20,000 and 50,000/μL and 82 having an MPC above 50,000/μL. No postprocedural complications were encountered in either group. Traumatic taps occurred in 10/46 (22%)​ with MPC below 50,000/μL versus 10/82 (12%)​ in those with MPC above 50,000/μL. Forty of 46 patients (87%) were transfused with platelets within 24 hours prior to FG-LP. One patient developed a transfusion-related reaction.

Conclusion
Lowering the MPC threshold from 50,000/μL to 20,000/μL for FG-LP did not result in a higher incidence of spinal hematoma.
Protective Effects of Authenticity Against Depression, Suicide, and Burnout among Surgeons
Authors: Ockerman Kyle M , Mardourian Markos , Han Sabrina H , Sorice-Virk Sarah , Ching Jessica 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND:
Physician burnout and poor mental health are highly prevalent issues within the surgical community. Authenticity, defined as the degree to which individuals align their actions with their true selves, has been identified as a potential factor facilitating positive mental health. This study explores the impact of authenticity on burnout, depression, and suicide among surgeons.

STUDY DESIGN:
Members of the department of surgery at a large academic medical center were sent an anonymous survey between April and May 2023. The survey evaluated authenticity using Authenticity Scale, depression using Patient Health Questionnaire, burnout using Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, and suicidality using Ask-Suicide Screening Questions (ASQ) tool.

RESULTS:
Of the 170 surgeons, 94 (55.3%) completed the survey. Higher Authentic Living Scores correlated with reduced burnout (r = −0.21, p = 0.047) and depression (r = −0.37, p = 0.0002). Conversely, higher Accepting External Influence (AEI) scores were associated with increased depression (r = 0.23, p = 0.023), and higher Authenticity Self-Alienation (ASA) scores were associated with increased burnout (r = 0.43, p < 0.0001) and depression (r = 0.48, p < 0.0001). Although authenticity domain scores were not significantly associated with ASQ, specific AEI and ASA questions indicated an elevated odds ratio (p = 0.029 and p = 0.010, respectively) of a positive ASQ. Authentic Living Score increased with advancement in professional rank (p = 0.007), whereas AEI (p = 0.0001), ASA (p = 0.003), depression (p = 0.014), and ASQ (p = 0.02) decreased.

CONCLUSIONS:
In this study, higher authenticity was associated with a lower likelihood of burnout and depression among surgeons. This study contributes valuable insights into the development of targeted intervention and support mechanisms aimed at promoting authenticity and mental health within the surgical profession.