bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Goal engagement and goal attainment in adolescents with and without visual impairment
Authors: Pfeiffer Jens P. , Pinquart Martin 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTThe present longitudinal study analyzed the effects of domain‐specific goal engagement on the attainment of four developmental goals in 133 adolescents with visual impairment and in 449 sighted peers. Goal engagement predicted stronger progress in goal attainment with regard to getting access to a peer group, career choice and development of romantic relationships at the 1‐year‐follow‐up. However, goal engagement at T1 did not predict progress in the achievement of autonomy from ones’ parents. Furthermore, we found an interaction effect between vision status and goal engagement on progress in career choice. Higher initial levels of goal engagement predicted stronger progress in goal attainment of sighted adolescents. No such effect was found in adolescents with visual impairment. It is concluded that effects of goal engagement vary by goal contents and contexts.
Prostate Cancer Incidence in Patients on 5α-Reductase Inhibitors for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: A 14-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Ahmad I. , Small D.R. , Krishna N.S. , Akhtar M.N. , Leung H.Y. 
Published: January 2012

There is still much debate regarding the long-term effect of 5α-reductase inhibitors (5-ARI) on the development of prostate cancer (PC). We tested the incidence of prostate cancer and the tumour Gleason grading in a non-screened population who were prescribed 5-ARIs for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Data from a prostatic biopsy database were analysed in a retrospective study, and included a period of 14 years (01/01/1997 to 01/01/2011). Those patients who were on 5-ARIs with either finasteride or dutasteride for less than 1 year were excluded. Patients who presented with LUTS and underwent diagnostic prostatic biopsies were included in this study. This patient cohort was further categorised according to their history of 5-ARIs medication. The incidence of PC in the 5-ARI treated group was 15.4% ( n = 22/143), comparable to that of the untreated group (16.7%, n = 332/1990) ( p = 0.7318). Mean Gleason sum score and respective grade was the same (7 = 3 + 4) (median sum score 7 (range 6–10)). Average age at the time of PC diagnosis was similar regardless of 5-ARIs treatment: 72 (range 50–84) and 73 (45–84) years for treated and untreated groups, respectively. In this retrospective study, patients treated with 5-ARIs for LUTS had similar risk in developing PC when compared to those who did not receive 5-ARIs. The Gleason sum scores for the cancers were similar in the two groups.
The importance of measuring macroprolactin in the differential diagnosis of hyperprolactinemic patients
Authors: Lu Chih‐Chin , Hsieh Ching‐Jung 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis study investigated the differences in clinical and laboratory features as well as treatment response in 70 outpatients with macroprolactinemia and monomeric hyperprolactinemia treated with dopamine agonists. After precipitation of the patients' serum samples with poly‐ethylene‐glycol (PEG), serum prolactin (PRL) levels were measured. We also measured serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol for women and testosterone for men. Clinical symptoms and signs were recorded. All patients received brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). After excluding patients with macroadenoma, 66 patients were treated with the dopamine agonist cabergoline. After 1 year, the clinical responses to cabergoline were recorded and PRL levels measured. Of the initial 70 patients with hyperprolactinemia, 15 patients (21.4%) were found to have macroprolactinemia, while the rest had monomeric hyperprolactinemia. The two groups did not differ with regard to galactorrhea, menstrual disturbances or impotence. There were no significant group differences in serum LH, FSH, estradiol or testosterone levels. Patients with macroprolactinemia, however, had a significantly lower infertility rate than those with true hyperprolactinemia (6.7% vs. 32.7%,p= 0.005). A greater percentage of macroprolactinemic patients had normal MRI pituitary images than those with hyperprolactinemia (73.3% vs. 34.5%,p= 0.029). Compared to those with true hyperprolactinemia, patients with macroprolactinemia were found to have no significant changes in clinical features and PRL levels after 1 year of cabergoline therapy (after PEG precipitation, pre‐ and post‐PRL levels: 59.3 ± 100.2 to 13.8 ± 9.5 ng/mL vs. 6.1 ± 5.3 to 5.1 ± 4.3 ng/mL,p= 0.002). In conclusion, while macroprolactinemia is a common cause of hyperprolactinemia, many clinical and laboratory features cannot be used reliably to differentiate macroprolactinemia from true hyperprolactinemia. Routine screening for all hyperprolactinemic sera with PEG might prevent the unnecessary use of image studies and medical treatments for people with hyperprolactinemia.
Ältere Menschen im Blickpunkt des BMBF Förderschwerpunkts Präventionsforschung
Authors: Plaumann Martina , Linden Susanne , Nöcker Guido , Pawils Silke , Walter Ulla 
Published: January 2012

Einleitung
Die Relevanz von Prävention zur Förderung der Arbeitsfähigkeit älterer Arbeitnehmer sowie zum Erhalt der Selbstständigkeit und Teilhabe im Alter ist erkannt. Die Erforschung wirksamer Interventionen steht in Deutschland bislang jedoch noch am Anfang. Dabei liegen die Ziele der Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung im Alter in der Vermeidung von Erkrankungen und Funktionseinbußen, Erhaltung der Unabhängigkeit und Selbstständigkeit, Erhaltung der aktiven Lebensgestaltung, Vermeidung von psychischen Erkrankungen aufgrund von Überforderung und Aufrechterhaltung eines angemessenen Systems der Unterstützung. Maßnahmen zur Erreichung dieser Ziele werden u.a. von Projekten im Förderschwerpunkt Präventionsforschung des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) durchgeführt und evaluiert.
Key section of the Preobrazhenka productive horizon in the Vendian–Lower Cambrian carbonate complex (Lena–Tunguska petroliferous province)
Authors: Shemin G.G. , Chernova L.S. , Potlova M.M. , Vashchenko V.A. , Doroginitskaya L.M. , Larichev A.I. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
We present results of lithofacies, reservoir, geochemical, well logging, and petrophysical studies of the key section of the Vendian–Lower Cambrian Preobrazhenka productive horizon in the Lena–Tunguska province. We have considered the composition, structure, and formation conditions of the deposits as well as the intensity of postsedimentation processes and the rock geochemistry, petrophysics, and reservoir properties.
Magnetoacoustic emission of magnetites
Authors: Ivanchenko V.S. , Glukhikh I.I. , Strokina L.G. , Kheinson A.P. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
We consider the parameters of magnetoacoustic emission (MAE) in magnetites from the ores of the Urals and West Siberia. It has been shown that the differences in signals are related to various types of the domain structures of samples, whose fixity is determined by the formation conditions of magnetite and the effect of superimposed physicochemical processes. On the basis of field parameters, the magnetites have been divided into three types depending on the area of magnetic fields with MAE. These parameters can serve as the typomorphic features of magnetites of different genesis.
Do subthreshold psychotic experiences predict clinical outcomes in unselected non-help-seeking population-based samples? A systematic review and meta-analysis, enriched with new results
Authors: Kaymaz N. , Drukker M. , Lieb R. , Wittchen H.-U. , Werbeloff N. , Weiser M. , Lataster T. , van Os J. 
Published: January 2012

BackgroundThe base rate of transition from subthreshold psychotic experiences (the exposure) to clinical psychotic disorder (the outcome) in unselected, representative and non-help-seeking population-based samples is unknown.MethodA systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted of representative, longitudinal population-based cohorts with baseline assessment of subthreshold psychotic experiences and follow-up assessment of psychotic and non-psychotic clinical outcomes.ResultsSix cohorts were identified with a 3–24-year follow-up of baseline subthreshold self-reported psychotic experiences. The yearly risk of conversion to a clinical psychotic outcome in exposed individuals (0.56%) was 3.5 times higher than for individuals without psychotic experiences (0.16%) and there was meta-analytic evidence of dose–response with severity/persistence of psychotic experiences. Individual studies also suggest a role for motivational impairment and social dysfunction. The evidence for conversion to non-psychotic outcome was weaker, although findings were similar in direction.ConclusionsSubthreshold self-reported psychotic experiences in epidemiological non-help-seeking samples index psychometric risk for psychotic disorder, with strong modifier effects of severity/persistence. These data can serve as the population reference for selected and variable samples of help-seeking individuals at ultra-high risk, for whom much higher transition rates have been indicated.
A cue-based approach to the acquisition of grammatical gender in Russian
Authors: RODINA YULIA , WESTERGAARD MARIT 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTThis article discusses the acquisition of gender in Russian, focusing on some exceptional subclasses of nouns that display a mismatch between semantics and morphology. Experimental results from twenty-five Russian-speaking monolinguals (age 2 ; 6–4 ; 0) are presented and, within a cue-based approach to language acquisition, we argue that children rely on certain morphosyntactic micro-cues in the course of acquisition of semantic agreement. A discrepancy is observed in the acquisition of semantic agreement across the different noun classes, and this suggests that children are highly sensitive to fine distinctions in syntax and morphology and use detailed input information to make specific inferences concerning the gender of different noun classes. Furthermore, we argue that acquisition data may provide a more accurate account of how gender assignment proceeds in the mind of a speaker than has been traditionally assumed by gender assignment theories.
Functional reorganization in the developing lexicon: separable and changing influences of lexical and phonological variables on children's fast-mapping
Authors: MCKEAN CRISTINA , LETTS CAROLYN , HOWARD DAVID 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTNeighbourhood Density (ND) and Phonotactic Probability (PP) influence word learning in children. This influence appears to change over development but the separate developmental trajectories of influence of PP and ND on word learning have not previously been mapped. This study examined the cross-sectional developmental trajectories of influence of PP and ND on fast-mapping in thirty-eight English-speaking children aged 3 ; 01–5 ; 02, in a task varying PP and ND orthogonally. PP and ND exerted separable influences on fast-mapping. Overall, low ND supported better fast-mapping. The influence of PP changed across the developmental trajectory, ‘switching’ from a high to a low PP advantage. A potential explanation for this ‘switch’ is advanced, suggesting that it represents functional reorganization in the developing lexicon, which emerges from changes in the developing lexicon, as phonological knowledge is abstracted from lexical knowledge, over development.
Multistate outbreak ofSalmonellaserotype Typhimurium infections associated with consumption of restaurant tomatoes, USA, 2006: hypothesis generation through case exposures in multiple restaurant clusters
Authors: BEHRAVESH C. BARTON , BLANEY D. , MEDUS C. , BIDOL S. A. , PHAN Q. , SOLIVA S. , DALY E. R. , SMITH K. , MILLER B. , TAYLOR T. , NGUYEN T. , PERRY C. , HILL T. A. , FOGG N. , KLEIZA A. , MOORHEAD D. , AL-KHALDI S. , BRADEN C. , LYNCH M. F. 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYMultiple salmonellosis outbreaks have been linked to contaminated tomatoes. We investigated a multistate outbreak ofSalmonellaTyphimurium infections among 190 cases. For hypothesis generation, review of patients' food histories from four restaurant-associated clusters in four states revealed that large tomatoes were the only common food consumed by patients. Two case-control studies were conducted to identify food exposures associated with infections. In a study conducted in nine states illness was significantly associated with eating raw, large, round tomatoes in a restaurant [matched odds ratio (mOR) 3·1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·3–7·3]. In a Minnesota study, illness was associated with tomatoes eaten at a restaurant (OR 6·3, mid-P95% CI 1·05–50·4,P=0·046). State, local and federal regulatory officials traced the source of tomatoes to Ohio tomato fields, a growing area not previously identified in past tomato-associated outbreaks. Because tomatoes are commonly eaten raw, prevention of tomato contamination should include interventions on the farm, during packing, and at restaurants.
Growth Performance and Tissue Fatty Acid Composition of Largemouth Bass Fed Diets Containing Fish Oil or Blends of Fish Oil and Soy-Derived Lipids
Authors: Laporte Jérôme , Trushenski Jesse 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Dietary fatty acid (FA) composition influences the composition of fish tissues to a greater or lesser extent depending on the proportion of saturated FAs (SFAs) and medium-chain (MC) polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) that the feed contains. Our purpose was to evaluate the growth performance and tissue composition of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides that were fed diets containing soy-derived lipids modified to contain more SFAs and less MC-PUFAs. Triplicate tanks of largemouth bass (∼1.6 g) were fed diets containing fish oil (FO diet) or 50:50 blends of fish oil and low-18:3(n-3) soybean oil, hydrogenated soybean oil (HYD-SBO diet), or SFA-enriched soybean oil (SFA-SBO diet). After 10 weeks, production performance was unaffected by diet, and weight gain (mean ± SE = 518 ± 19%), feed conversion ratio (1.29 ± 0.03), specific growth rate (2.59 ± 0.04% of body weight/d), and feed intake (1.42 ± 0.03% of body weight/d) indicated that all diets were accepted and well utilized. Carcass FA composition changed to reflect the diet, but composition of largemouth bass that were fed the HYD-SBO and SFA-SBO feeds was not markedly different from that of fish given the FO feed. Fish oil can be spared without affecting production performance of juvenile largemouth bass; however, to minimize changes to tissue FA profile, soy lipids containing more SFAs and less MC-PUFAs may be most appropriate.
Genetic Variation Analysis in Wild and Cultured Subpopulations of Small Abalone Haliotis diversicolor Estimated by Microsatellite Markers
Authors: You Weiwei , Zhan Xin , Wang Dexiang , Li Weidong , Luo Xuan , Ke Caihuan 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
The small abalone Haliotis diversicolor is an economically important shellfish species in southern China. Wild (Japanese, Guangdong, and Hainan) and cultured (Taiwanese and Vietnamese) subpopulations of small abalone were examined using seven microsatellite loci to assess the levels of genetic diversity and the degree of genetic differentiation among them. These seven microsatellite markers showed a high level of polymorphism. A total of 209 alleles were detected, with an average of 29.86 alleles per locus among the five subpopulations. The average observed heterozygosities per locus ranged from 0.733 in the Japanese subpopulation to 0.804 in the Hainan subpopulation, while the average expected heterozygosities per locus ranged from 0.909 in the Vietnamese subpopulation to 0.940 in the Guangdong subpopulation. Values for the differentiation index D est varied from 0.1071 to 0.4020 among different subpopulations. The values for genetic distance (D A) ranged from 0.244 to 0.409, with an average of 0.294. Both D est and D A showed that the largest distance was between the Japanese and Vietnamese subpopulations. Principal coordinate analysis was performed for all subpopulations and loci using genetic distance to summarize genetic relationships. The analysis indicated a grouping of the three wild subpopulations (Japanese, Guangdong, and Hainan). The Vietnamese subpopulation was plotted separately from others. The information on the genetic variation and differentiation in the wild and cultured subpopulations obtained in this study is useful for the development of guidelines for genetic breeding programs for small abalone.
Enhancement of photomultiplier sensitivity with anti-reflective layers
Authors: Harmer Stuart William , Townsend Peter David , Bowring Nicholas John 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Photomultipliers are fast, sensitive and low noise light detectors which operate across the ultraviolet–optical–near infra red region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Sensitivity is determined by the composition of the photocathode layer in which incident photons excite photoelectrons and the thickness of this layer. Incident light is partially reflected from and partially transmitted through the photocathode layer, which is typically ∼20 nm thick, and this energy is unavailable for photoelectron excitation, limiting sensitivity. Typical reflectance and transmittance values at 500 nm are 21% and 33%, respectively, for KCsSb; 27% and 24% for RbCsSb and 36% and 35% for Na2SbK : Cs. These substantial losses can be reduced by the addition of one or more transparent impedance matching layers between the photomultiplier tube (PMT) window and the photocathode, resulting in enhanced sensitivity without effecting the PMT geometry, photocathode deposition process or altering the acceptance angle of the photomultiplier. The impedance matching serves to reduce reflectance losses, increasing cathode absorptance. By using published measurements of the dispersive properties of bialkali and trialkali (S20) photocathode compositions, accurate modelling of the electromagnetic field distribution within the photocathode layer is possible. This model facilitates the prediction of the enhancement of sensitivity obtainable with an anti-reflective layer of zirconium dioxide (zirconia). The authors present the enhancement factors possible with standard bialkali and trialkali photocathode compositions using the material zirconia for impedance matching. Enhancement factors up to 27% and 38% are predicted for KCsSb and RbCsSb photocathodes, respectively, while an enhancement factor of up to 44% is predicted for the S20 photocathode.
Structural, morphological and piezoresponse studies of Pr and Sc co-substituted BiFeO3 ceramics
Authors: Coondoo Indrani , Panwar Neeraj , Bdikin I , Puli V S , Katiyar R S , Kholkin A L 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Pristine (BiFeO3), Pr and Sc co-substituted Bi0.9Pr0.1Fe1−x
Sc
x
O3 (0.01 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.07) ceramics have been investigated for their structural (including x-ray diffraction and Raman), morphological and piezoresponse behaviour. Secondary phases observed in pristine BiFeO3 (BFO) ceramic were significantly suppressed in the co-substituted samples. Grain size decreased in the co-substituted samples. Raman study revealed ten active phonon modes which remained almost invariant with co-substitution. Out-of-plane piezoresponse (OPP-PFM) exhibited negative self-polarization effect in the virgin state (without any poling) which has been explained in terms of built-in electric field. The self-polarization effect is largest in 3% Sc co-substituted sample. Poling with ±30 V dc voltage demonstrated both positive and negative domains. Maximum difference in the peak values (from histograms) of such opposite domains was observed in the Bi0.9Pr0.1Fe0.99Sc0.01O3 sample. Information from local measurements (such as PFM) should be useful in deciding such multiferroic materials for device application.
4 Brewing Nation: War, Taxes, and the Growth of the British Beer Industry in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
Authors: Nye John V. C. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAs a result of war with France, British tariffs were raised to protect domestic beverage production. This helped promote the beer industry during the infancy of industrial brewing in the 18th century. But protection also led to monopoly controls in order to promote easier taxation and greater regulatory oversight. This chapter shows that this severely distorted the consumption of alcohol and the production of domestic substitutes like beer in Britain, but that it also enabled the state to grow by providing it with a mechanism for dramatically raising taxes to fund the century's many wars. Reversing protection in the 19th century was complicated and fraught with interference from domestic lobbies that hampered the British move to free trade.
Influenza and Community-acquired Pneumonia Interactions: The Impact of Order and Time of Infection on Population Patterns
Authors: Davis Brian M. , Aiello Allison E. , Dawid Suzanne , Rohani Pejman , Shrestha Sourya , Foxman Betsy 
Published: January 2012

AbstractDiscoveries made during the 1918 influenza A pandemic and reports of severe disease associated with coinfection during the 2009 hemagglutinin type 1 and neuraminidase type 1 (commonly known as H1N1 or swine flu) pandemic have renewed interest in the role of coinfection in disease pathogenesis. The authors assessed how various timings of coinfection with influenza virus and pneumonia-causing bacteria could affect the severity of illness at multiple levels of interaction, including the biologic and population levels. Animal studies most strongly support a single pathway of coinfection with influenza inoculation occurring approximately 7 days before inoculation with Streptococcus pneumoniae, but less-examined pathways of infection also may be important for human disease. The authors discussed the implications of each pathway for disease prevention and what they would expect to see at the population level if there were sufficient data available. Lastly, the authors identified crucial gaps in the study of timing of coinfection and proposed related research questions.
Construction and completion of flux balance models from pathway databases
Authors: Latendresse Mario , Krummenacker Markus , Trupp Miles , Karp Peter D. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Motivation: Flux balance analysis (FBA) is a well-known technique for genome-scale modeling of metabolic flux. Typically, an FBA formulation requires the accurate specification of four sets: biochemical reactions, biomass metabolites, nutrients and secreted metabolites. The development of FBA models can be time consuming and tedious because of the difficulty in assembling completely accurate descriptions of these sets, and in identifying errors in the composition of these sets. For example, the presence of a single non-producible metabolite in the biomass will make the entire model infeasible. Other difficulties in FBA modeling are that model distributions, and predicted fluxes, can be cryptic and difficult to understand.
Results: We present a multiple gap-filling method to accelerate the development of FBA models using a new tool, called MetaFlux, based on mixed integer linear programming (MILP). The method suggests corrections to the sets of reactions, biomass metabolites, nutrients and secretions. The method generates FBA models directly from Pathway/Genome Databases. Thus, FBA models developed in this framework are easily queried and visualized using the Pathway Tools software. Predicted fluxes are more easily comprehended by visualizing them on diagrams of individual metabolic pathways or of metabolic maps. MetaFlux can also remove redundant high-flux loops, solve FBA models once they are generated and model the effects of gene knockouts. MetaFlux has been validated through construction of FBA models for Escherichia coli and Homo sapiens.
Availability: Pathway Tools with MetaFlux is freely available to academic users, and for a fee to commercial users. Download from: biocyc.org/download.shtml.
Contact: mario.latendresse@sri.com
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.