bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonculprit Plaques in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes Have More Vulnerable Features Compared With Those With Non–Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Kato Koji , Yonetsu Taishi , Kim Soo-Joong , Xing Lei , Lee Hang , McNulty Iris , Yeh Robert W. , Sakhuja Rahul , Zhang Shaosong , Uemura Shiro , Yu Bo , Mizuno Kyoichi , Jang Ik-Kyung 
Published: June 2012

Background—
Patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have a higher incidence of recurrent ischemic events. The aim of this study was to compare the plaque characteristics of nonculprit lesions between ACS and non-ACS patients using optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging.

Methods and Results—

Patients who had 3-vessel OCT imaging were selected from the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) OCT Registry. MGH registry is a multicenter registry of patients undergoing OCT. The prevalence and characteristics of nonculprit plaques were compared between ACS and non-ACS patients. A total of 248 nonculprit plaques were found in 104 patients: 45 plaques in 17 ACS patients and 203 plaques in 87 non-ACS patients. Compared with plaques of non-ACS patients, plaques of ACS patients had a wider lipid arc (147.3 ± 29.5° versus 116.2 ± 33.7°,
P
<0.001), a longer lipid length (10.7 ± 5.9 mm versus 7.0 ± 3.7 mm,
P
=0.002), a larger lipid volume index [averaged lipid arc×lipid length] (1605.5 ± 1013.1 versus 853.4 ± 570.8,
P
<0.001), and a thinner fibrous cap (70.2 ± 20.2 µm versus 103.3 ± 46.8 µm,
P
<0.001). Moreover, thin-cap fibroatheroma (64.7% versus 14.9%,
P
<0.001), macrophage (82.4% versus 37.9%,
P
=0.001), and thrombus (29.4% versus 1.1%,
P
<0.001) were more frequent in ACS patients. Although the prevalence of microchannel did not differ between the groups, the closest distance from the lumen to microchannel was shorter in ACS subjects than in non-ACS (104.6 ± 67.0 µm versus 198.3 ± 133.0 µm,
P
=0.027).

Conclusions—
Nonculprit lesions in patients with ACS have more vulnerable plaque characteristics compared with those with non-ACS. Neovascularization was more frequently located close to the lumen in patients with ACS.
Earlier Blood Pressure-Lowering and Greater Attenuation of Hematoma Growth in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Arima Hisatomi , Huang Yining , Wang Ji Guang , Heeley Emma , Delcourt Candice , Parsons Mark , Li Qiang , Neal Bruce , Chalmers John , Anderson Craig ,   for the INTERACT1 Investigators
Published: June 2012

Background and Purpose—
The INTEnsive blood pressure Reduction in Acute Cerebral hemorrhage Trial (INTERACT) pilot study showed that early intensive blood pressure-lowering can attenuate hematoma growth in acute intracerebral hemorrhage. The present analysis aimed to determine the treatment effects on hematoma growth by time from intracerebral hemorrhage onset to randomization.

Methods—
Patients (N=404) with acute intracerebral hemorrhage and elevated systolic blood pressure were randomly assigned to intensive or guideline-based blood pressure management. Baseline and repeat CT (24 and 72 hours) were performed and changes in hematoma volume were assessed using generalized estimating equations.

Results—

Among 296 patients with all 3 CT scans available for analysis, reductions in proportional hematoma growth produced by randomized intensive blood pressure-lowering treatment over 72 hours decreased progressively with delays in initiation of study treatment: 22%, 17%, 9%, and 3% for quartile groups defined by time from onset to randomization of <2.9, 2.9 to 3.6, 3.7 to 4.8, and ≥4.9 hours, respectively (
P
trend=0.001). There were also smaller absolute reductions in hematoma growth with delays in initiation of study treatment (6.5 mL, 3.3 mL, 0.9 mL, and 0.6 mL), although the trend did not reach statistical significance (
P
trend=0.12).

Conclusions—
Earlier initiation of intensive blood pressure-lowering treatment is likely to provide greater protection against hematoma growth in acute intracerebral hemorrhage.

Clinical Trial Registration Information—

http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
, NCT002226096.
Posterior Versus Anterior Circulation Infarction
Authors: Tao Wen-Dan , Liu Ming , Fisher Marc , Wang De-Ren , Li Jie , Furie Karen L , Hao Zi-Long , Lin Sen , Zhang Can-Fei , Zeng Quan-Tao , Wu Bo 
Published: June 2012

Background and Purpose—
Distinguishing between symptoms of posterior circulation infarction (PCI) and anterior circulation infarction (ACI) can be challenging. This study evaluated the frequency of symptoms/signs in the 2 vascular territories to determine the diagnostic value of particular symptoms/signs for PCI.

Methods—
Neurological deficits were reviewed and compared from 1174 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of PCI or ACI confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging in the Chengdu Stroke Registry. The diagnostic value of specific symptoms/signs for PCI was determined by measuring their sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and the OR.

Results—

Homolateral hemiplegia (PCI, 53.6% versus ACI, 74.9%;
P
<0.001), central facial/lingual palsy (PCI, 40.7% versus ACI, 62.2%;
P
<0.001), and hemisensory deficits (PCI, 36.4% versus ACI, 34.2%;
P
=0.479) were the 3 most common symptoms/signs in PCI and ACI. The signs with the highest predictive values favoring a diagnosis of PCI were Horner's syndrome (4.0% versus 0%;
P
<0.001; PPV=100.0%; OR=4.00), crossed sensory deficits (3.0% versus 0%;
P
<0.001; PPV=100.0%; OR=3.98), quadrantanopia (1.3% versus 0%;
P
<0.001; PPV=100.0%; OR=3.93), oculomotor nerve palsy (4.0% versus 0%;
P
<0.001; PPV=100.0%; OR=4.00), and crossed motor deficits (4.0% versus 0.1%;
P
<0.001; PPV=92.3%; OR=36.04); however, all had a very low sensitivity, ranging from 1.3% to 4.0%.

Conclusions—
This study indicates that the symptoms/signs considered typical of PCI occur far less often than was expected. Inaccurate localization would occur commonly if clinicians relied on the clinical neurological deficits alone to differentiate PCI from ACI. Neuroimaging is vital to ensure accurate localization of cerebral infarction.
Distinctive Effects of T Cell Subsets in Neuronal Injury Induced by Cocultured Splenocytes In Vitro and by In Vivo Stroke in Mice
Authors: Gu Lijuan , Xiong Xiaoxing , Zhang Hongfei , Xu Baohui , Steinberg Gary K. , Zhao Heng 
Published: June 2012

Background and Purpose—
T cells and their subsets modulate ischemic brain injury. We studied the effects of the absence of T cell subsets on brain infarction after in vivo stroke and then used an in vitro coculture system of splenocytes and neurons to further identify the roles of T cell subsets in neuronal death.

Methods—
Stroke was induced by middle cerebral artery suture occlusion in mice and infarct sizes were measured 2 days poststroke. Splenocytes were cocultured with neurons, and neuronal survival was measured 3 days later.

Results—
A deficiency of both T and B cells (severe combined immunodeficiency) and the paucity of CD4 or CD8 T cells equally resulted in smaller infarct sizes as measured 2 days poststroke. Although a functional deficiency of regulatory T cells had no effect, impaired Th1 immunity reduced infarction and impaired Th2 immunity aggravated brain injury, which may be due to an inhibited and enhanced inflammatory response in mice deficient in Th1 and Th2 immunity, respectively. In the in vitro coculture system, wild-type splenocytes resulted in dose-dependent neuronal death. The neurotoxicity of splenocytes from these immunodeficient mice was consistent with their effects on stroke in vivo, except for the mice with the paucity of CD4 or CD8 T cells, which did not alter the ratio of neuronal death.

Conclusion—
T cell subsets play critical roles in brain injury induced by stroke. The detrimental versus beneficial effects of Th1 cells and Th2 cells both in vivo and in vitro reveal differential therapeutic target strategies for stroke treatment.
Electrocardiographic Changes Predict Angiographic Vasospasm After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Ibrahim George M. , Macdonald R. Loch 
Published: June 2012

Background and Purpose—
Early identification of patients at risk of angiographic vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) may mitigate its sequelae. One mechanism that may contribute to angiographic vasospasm is increased central sympathetic activity, which is also thought to cause electrocardiographic (ECG) changes after SAH. Here, we perform the first study to determine the association between ECG changes and angiographic vasospasm after SAH.

Methods—
Exploratory analysis was performed on 413 patients from CONSCIOUS-1, a prospective randomized trial of clazosentan for the prevention of angiographic vasospasm. ECGs were obtained within 24 hours of aneurysm rupture and during the vasospasm risk period. Angiographic vasospasm was assessed using catheter angiography at baseline and 7 to 11 days after SAH. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify significant associations.

Results—
The most prevalent finding on ECG both immediately following SAH and during the vasospasm risk period was QT prolongation (42% and 25%, respectively). A prolonged QT interval and tachycardia on the baseline ECG were associated with angiographic vasospasm (OR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.00–3.45; and OR, 10.83; 95% CI, 1.17–100.50, respectively). QT prolongation on ECG during the vasospasm risk period was also associated with angiographic vasospasm (OR, 3.53; 95% CI, 1.67–7.39). No ECG findings were associated with delayed ischemic neurological deficit, but tachycardia and ST changes were associated with worse clinical outcome.

Conclusions—
QT prolongation and tachycardia on ECG were independently associated with angiographic vasospasm after aneurysmal SAH on multivariate analysis.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique Identifier: NCT00111085.
Using Cognitive Task Analysis to Identify Critical Decisions in the Laparoscopic Environment
Authors: Craig Curtis , Klein Martina I. , Griswold John , Gaitonde Krishnanath , McGill Thomas , Halldorsson Ari 
Published: June 2012

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the critical decisions surgeons need to make regarding laparoscopic surgery, the information these decisions are based on, the strategies employed by surgeons to reach their objectives, and the difficulties experienced by novices. Background: Laparoscopic training focuses on the development of technical skills. However, successful surgical outcomes are also dependent on appropriate decisions made during surgery, which are influenced by critical cues and the use of appropriate strategies. Novices might not be as adept at cue detection and strategy use. Method: Participants were eight attending surgeons. The authors employed task-analytic techniques to identify critical decisions inherent in laparoscopy and the cues, strategies, and novice traps associated with these decisions. Results: The authors used decision requirements tables to organize the data into the key decisions made during the preoperative, operative, and postoperative phases as well as the cues, strategies, and novice traps associated with these decisions. Key decisions identified for the preoperative phase included but were not limited to the decision of performing a laparoscopic versus open surgery, necessity to review the literature, practicing the procedure, and trocar placement. Some key decisions identified for the operative phase included converting to open surgery, performing angiograms, cutting tissue or organs, and reevaluation of the approach. Only one key decision was identified for the postoperative phrase: whether the surgeon’s technique needs to be evaluated and revised. Conclusion: The laparoscopic environment requires complex decision making, and novices are prone to errors in their decisions. Application: The information elicited in this study is applicable to laparoscopic training.
Biomechanical Comparison of 3 Methods to Repair Pectoralis Major Ruptures
Authors: Rabuck Stephen J. , Lynch Jamie L. , Guo Xin , Zhang Li-Qun , Edwards Sara L. , Nuber Gordon W. , Saltzman Matthew D. 
Published: June 2012

Background: Pectoralis major ruptures are closely associated with weight lifting and participation in sports. The anatomy of the pectoralis major tendon is unique with an elongated thin footprint requiring multiple points of fixation to restore the native anatomy. Multiple options exist for tendon repairs, but the strongest construct has yet to be identified. Purpose: The intent of this study was to compare the load to failure of bone trough, cortical button, and suture anchor repairs of the pectoralis major tendon in the extended and abducted position. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Thirty fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders were divided equally into 3 groups based on the repair technique to be performed. Bone mineral density of the surgical neck of the proximal humerus was assessed before each repair. Bone trough, suture anchor, and cortical button repairs were performed as dictated by computerized randomization. Each specimen was loaded to failure and mode of failure was noted. Results: The majority of failures occurred through the suture used for tendon repair. One specimen in the bone trough group failed via fracture of the proximal humerus. The suture anchor group failed at the implant in 5 of 9 specimens and through the suture in 4 of 9 specimens. Load to failure was greatest in bone trough repairs at 596 N, followed by cortical button at 494 N, and finally suture anchor repairs with 383 N. Load to failure was significantly greater in the bone trough group when compared with suture anchor repairs ( P = .007). No correlation was found between bone mineral density and load to failure. Conclusion: Bone trough repair of the pectoralis major tendon was stronger than suture anchor repair. Clinical Relevance: Identification of the strongest repair may help guide surgical repair.
Stamping the message: psychiatric themes in philately
Authors: Rodrigo Asiri , Majoor Jennifer 
Published: June 2012

Objective: The objective of this article is to examine the representation of psychiatric themes within medical philately (stamps) over a recent seven-year period. Method: Examination of all stamps issued from 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2009 worldwide took place using the World Association for the Development of Philately Numbering System (WNS) on the Universal Postal Union website. Results: During the study period, 596 stamps with medical themes were issued around the world. Common psychiatric themes included: psychoactive substance use, recreational drug messages, ‘anti-tobacco’ and human emotions. Notable people, the World Psychiatry Congress and intellectual disability also featured prominently. Conclusions: Philately may have a role in anti-stigma campaigns within psychiatry. The highest number of medical stamps have psychiatric themes, yet this potential resource may not be currently utilised to maximal benefit. Philately is being adapted to the electronic age of communication.
Gender difference in QT interval in patients with primary aldosteronism
Authors: Kurisu Satoshi , Kato Yasuko , Mitsuba Naoya , Ishibashi Ken , Dohi Yoshihiro , Nishioka Kenji , Kihara Yasuki 
Published: June 2012

Introduction: We assessed whether QT interval was still different between male and female patients with primary aldosteronism. We also assessed the gender difference in the relation between serum potassium level and QT interval. Materials and methods: The study population consisted of 80 patients with newly diagnosed primary aldosteronism. There were 39 male and 41 female patients. Results: There were no significant (ns) differences in serum potassium (3.6±0.7 mEq/l vs 3.8±0.5mEq/l, p=ns) and QTc interval (423±26 msec vs 427±23 msec, p=ns) between male and female patients. In overall patients, serum potassium level was inversely associated with QTc interval significantly ( r=−0.36, p<0.01). In male patients, there was still a significant inverse correlation ( r=−0.42, p<0.01). However, this correlation was lost in female patients ( r=−0.30, p=ns). Conclusions: Our data suggested that QTc interval was inversely associated with serum potassium level in male patients, but was not in female patients with primary aldosteronism.
HIV-1 infection of human macrophages directly induces viperin which inhibits viral production
Authors: Nasr Najla , Maddocks Susan , Turville Stuart G. , Harman Andrew N. , Woolger Natalie , Helbig Karla J. , Wilkinson John , Bye Chris R. , Wright Thomas K. , Rambukwelle Dharshini , Donaghy Heather , Beard Michael R. , Cunningham Anthony L. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMacrophages are key target cells for HIV-1. HIV-1BaL induced a subset of interferon-stimulated genes in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), which differed from that in monocyte-derived dendritic cells and CD4 T cells, without inducing any interferons. Inhibition of type I interferon induction was mediated by HIV-1 inhibition of interferon-regulated factor (IRF3) nuclear translocation. In MDMs, viperin was the most up-regulated interferon-stimulated genes, and it significantly inhibited HIV-1 production. HIV-1 infection disrupted lipid rafts via viperin induction and redistributed viperin to CD81 compartments, the site of HIV-1 egress by budding in MDMs. Exogenous farnesol, which enhances membrane protein prenylation, reversed viperin-mediated inhibition of HIV-1 production. Mutagenesis analysis in transfected cell lines showed that the internal S-adenosyl methionine domains of viperin were essential for its antiviral activity. Thus viperin may contribute to persistent noncytopathic HIV-1 infection of macrophages and possibly to biologic differences with HIV-1–infected T cells.
Delayed modifications in plant-water relations in the coastal marsh halophyte Spartina patens following sudden increases in soil salinity
Authors: Salpeter Kara E. , Millemann Daniel R. , Caputo Michael F. , White Brittany L. , Touchette Brant W. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Little is known about how upper marsh plants (growing in freshwater) will respond physiologically to sudden increases in salinity. In this study, we used experimental microcosms to evaluate changes in plant-water relations in the halophyte Spartina patens following increases in soil salinity (salinity levels: 15, 30, and 45). There was a delay (by 3–5 weeks) in the lowering of leaf water potential (ψleaf), stomatal conductance (g), and tissue water content (θ) in plants subjected to salinities of 30–45. These physiological delays in plant-water adjustments following sudden increases in salinity may be an adaptation of S. patens that allows it to effectively exploit higher habitat elevations that receive intermittent seawater inundations without promoting costly physiological modifications.
Culture medium optimization and lipid profiling of Cylindrotheca, a lipid- and polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich pennate diatom and potential source of eicosapentaenoic acid
Authors: Suman Keerthi , Kiran Thomas , Devi Uma Koduru , Sarma Nittala S. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Cylindrotheca, an epipelic benthic pennate diatom, holds promise as a nutraceutical source and may be useful for aquaculture. Experiments were done on two Cylindrotheca species, Cylindrotheca fusiformis (UTEX 2084) and C. closterium, which was isolated from seawater collected offshore from Visakhapatnam, India. C. closteriumwas identified through microscopy and rDNA typing. Type and concentration of nutrient components in the culture medium that promoted best growth and highest lipid accumulation were identified. Lipid content was gravimetrically estimated. For relative comparison of the effects of different culture media on lipid content, we made estimations through rapid in situ screening method using Nile red staining and spectrofluori\xadmetry. The fatty acid profile of lipid was obtained through gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Nualgi, a commercially available micronutrient ready-mix with elements adsorbed as nanoparticles on a modified silica sol, was found to significantly boost growth in both Cylindrotheca species when used in lieu of a conventional micronutrient mix prepared from eight compounds. Among the three nitrogen sources tested – sodium nitrate (NaNO3), urea, and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) – best growth of C. fusiformis occurred on nitrate and urea, while NH4Cl was best for C. closterium. Lipid productivity was much higher in cultures supplied with NH4Cl for both Cylindrotheca species and compensated for lower biomass in C. fusiformis. Mixotrophy with glycerol or sodium acetate resulted in no significant increase in growth over photoautotrophy. Both Cylindrotheca species were lipid rich; lipid constituted 18–27% of dry biomass in the medium with NaNO3. Among total fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids constituted <40%, eicosapentaenoic acid 25%, and arachidonic acid ∼8% and ∼4% in C. fusiformis and C. closterium, respectively. NH4Cl, phosphate, and Nualgi micronutrient ready-mix in concentrations optimal for each strain contribute to a good culture medium for Cylindrotheca.
Fucoid assemblages on the north coast of Spain: past and present (1977–2007)
Authors: Lamela-Silvarrey Cristina , Fernández Consolación , Anadón Ricardo , Arrontes Julio 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Fucoid assemblages dominated by Pelvetia canaliculata, Fucus spiralis, F. vesiculosus, and Ascophyllum nodosum located at two sites on the central coast of Asturias (northern Spain) were sampled monthly in 1977. Repeating the same sampling methodology, a resurvey was done in 2007 to detect changes in the abundances of the species using the previous data as a baseline. Annual net primary production was lower for all the species in 2007, and there were differences in the timing of maximum biomass for P. canaliculata and F. vesiculosus, as well as a shortening of the growth period in 2007. Associated fauna also differed between dates. Higher abundances of Gibbula spp. occurred in 2007, whereas littorinid species densities in the upper intertidal were reduced in that year. As a result, the fucoid-grazers balance changed, with P. canaliculata and particularly F. vesiculosus, being the assemblages most sensitive to change. Observed modifications were not merely fluctuations in the biomass patterns of these species, but also responses to increases in air temperature and sea surface temperature and to a shift in the frequency and seasonality of upwelling episodes. Other long-term abiotic fluctuations not directly related to global warming should also be considered as possible drivers for these changes.
Seasonal periodicity and reproduction of brown algae (Phaeophyceae) at Puerto Deseado (Patagonia)
Authors: Asensi Aldo O. , Küpper Frithjof C. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Puerto Deseado is a locality on the Atlantic coast of Patagonia (47°45′ S, 65°54′ W) with a ria (fjord-like estuary) several kilometres long that follows the course of Rio Deseado. From 1969 to 1972, we followed the development of 50 species of mostly intertidal brown macroalgae at five sites, one outside the ria and four within. Collections and observations were made at least once monthly to determine species identities, vegetative and reproductive states of the thalli, and variations between the different sites. Several environmental factors were used to describe the sites, including seawater temperature, season, and hydrodynamics. In summer, there were more species, coincident with the highest proportion of plurilocular sporangia. In contrast, unilocular sporangia appeared mostly in autumn. The difference between the five sites was well defined: nine species from the outermost site did not occur inside the ria, and only 13 species were found at all five sites. The number of species gradually declined towards the interior of the ria. The aim of this study was to document brown algal vegetation at the beginning of the 1970s to provide a baseline dataset before the start up of large-scale port activity.