bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orientation of the Azobenzene Spacer of Carboxylic Methyl Ester Gemini Surfactants in Langmuir Monolayer
Authors: Song Binglei , Zhao Jianxi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe Langmuir monolayer of carboxylic methyl ester Gemini surfactants with the azobenzene spacer, referred to as MCm(azo)MCm, was prepared and the π‐A isotherms were measured. The result revealed an orientational picture of the azobenzene spacer at the air/water interface. Before irradiation, the planar trans‐azobenzene group adopted an approximate configuration parallel to the interface and lay on the air/water interface. After UV‐light irradiation, the spacer became the twisted cis‐one. Because of the location of the polar headgroups at the air/water interface, the two phenyl rings were also forced to take a near‐parallel orientation with the interface to reduce the free energy. As a result, the spacer thin‐layer was "thickened", which caused an elevation in collapse pressure.
Ultrasound‐enhanced Green Synthesis of 5,5‐Diphenylhydantoin Derivatives Using Symmetrical or Unsymmetrical Benzils
Authors: Safari Javad , Moshtael Arani Naimeh , Ramezan Isfahani Anousheh 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA rapid, highly efficient and mild green synthesis of 5,5‐diphenylhydantoin derivatives was achieved from the reaction of symmetrical or unsymmetrical benzil derivatives with urea in the presence of ethanolic KOH under ultrasound irradiation. This simple method affords 5,5‐diphenylhydantoin derivatives at room temperature in short reaction time with high yield and purity. This study aimed to overcome the limitations and drawbacks of the reported methods such as tedious work‐up, low yield and long reaction time.
Fast and Eco‐friendly Synthesis of Dipyrromethanes by H2SO4·SiO2 Catalysis under Solvent‐free Conditions
Authors: Zhang Yan , Liang Jun , Shang Zhicai 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFor the first time, sillica‐supported sulfuric acid has been used as a heterogeneous, reusable and efficient catalyst at room temperature to give the corresponding dipyrromethanes in a very short reaction time. The new reaction procedure is simple and solvent is not required.
Synthesis, Structure and in vitro Antitumor Activity of a Multinuclear Diorganotin(IV) Complex [(n‐Bu)4Sn2{2,5‐F2C6H3C(O)NHO}2{2,5‐F2C6H3C(NO)O}]2
Authors: Shang Xianmei , Meng Xianggao , Li Qingshan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA new multinuclear dibutyltin(IV) complex [(n‐Bu)4Sn2{2,5‐F2C6H3C(O)NHO}2{2,5‐F2C6H3C(NO)O}]2 1, was synthesized and structurally characterized by melting point measurement, elemental analysis, FT‐IR, 1H, 13C, 119Sn NMR spectroscopies, and X‐ray diffraction analysis. The complex exhibited in vitro antitumor activity against a murine sarcoma carcinoma cell line (S‐180), which was higher than that of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐Fu), currently used clinically as an antitumor agent.
One‐pot Synthesis of 3‐Aminoimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines Catalyzed by Heteropolyacids
Authors: Oskooie Hossein A. , Amini Maryam , Heravi Majid M. , Bamoharram Fatemeh F. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCondensation of aldehydes, isonitriles and 2‐aminopyridines in the presence of H3PMo12O40 affords different derivatives of 3‐aminoimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine in good to excellent yields.
Simultaneous Determination of Phenolic Additives in Cosmetics by Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection
Authors: Wang Jinyan , Zhang Dongli , Chu Qingcui , Ye Jiannong 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography method with electrochemical detection (MECC‐ED) has been developed for the simultaneous determination of eight phenolic additives, including propyl gallate (PG), tert‐butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), methylparaben (MP), ethylparaben (EP), propylparaben (PP) and butylparaben (BP) in cosmetic products. Method development involved optimization of the working electrode, the pH value of running buffer, the concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), the separation voltage, and the sample injection time. Under the optimum conditions, all analytes can be well separated within 26 min at the separation voltage of 18 kV in a 9 mmol·L−1 sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) −60 mmol·L−1 borate running buffer (pH 8.0). A 300 μm diameter carbon disk electrode generated good response at +0.90 V (vs. SCE) for all analytes. Linearity of the present method was over three orders of magnitude of analyte concentration with detection limits (S/N=3) ranging from 1.1×10−7 to 1.2×10−6 g·mL−1 for all analytes. This proposed method has been successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of the above additives in commercial cosmetics, and the assay results were satisfactory.
Prognostic factors for survival in metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Bukowski Ronald M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA variety of prognostic factor models to predict survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma have been developed. Diverse populations of patients with variable treatments have been used for these analyses. A variety of clinical, pathologic, and molecular factors have been studied, but current models use predominantly easily obtained clinical factors. These approaches are reviewed, and current approaches to further refine and develop these techniques are reviewed. Cancer 2009;115(10 suppl):2273‐81. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Treatment of kidney cancer
Authors: Kaelin William G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractGermline inactivation of theVHLtumor suppressor gene is associated with an increased risk of clear cell carcinoma of the kidney in the context of von Hippel‐Lindau (VHL) disease. SomaticVHLmutations are also common in nonhereditary (sporadic) clear cell carcinomas. The VHL protein (pVHL) has multiple functions that might be linked to tumor suppression, including targeting the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) transcription factor for polyubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation. HIF, especially HIF2α, appears to play a causal role in clear cell renal carcinogenesis based on genotype‐phenotype correlations in VHL disease, laboratory experiments with humanVHL−/− renal carcinoma cell lines, and genetically engineered mouse models. Deregulation of HIF almost certainly accounts for the high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) observed in kidney cancer and relates to their sensitivity to VEGF inhibitors. In addition, the beneficial effects of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors are likely due to, at least partly, their ability to down‐regulate HIF. pVHL, in a HIF‐independent manner, also regulates a specialized structure called the primary cilium and regulates apoptosis via factors such as NFκB. Loss of the primary cilium probably facilitates the development of preneoplastic renal cysts, whereas increased NFκB might contribute to the resistance of kidney cancers to conventional cytotoxic agents. Cancer 2009;115(10 suppl):2262‐72. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Magnetic resonance imaging as a biomarker in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Pedrosa Ivan , Alsop David C. , Rofsky Neil M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe ability to noninvasively discriminate the most common types of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) based on their magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearances or their magnetic resonance phenotypes is achievable. Intracellular lipids, a histologic characteristic of the clear cell RCC, can be identified on chemical shift MRI. Intratumoral hemosiderin deposition, as observed histologically with papillary RCC, correlates to the low signal intensity on T2‐weighted images. In addition to morphologic imaging features, the different subtypes of RCC have distinct patterns of enhancement on dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI. Clear cell tumors demonstrate much greater enhancement than papillary and chromophobe RCCs during the corticomedullary and nephrographic phases. The MRI technique arterial spin labeling (ASL) uses magnetic fields to label the water protons in arterial blood and measures blood flow into tissue; quantitative images of blood flow can be generated without exogenous contrast media. Multiple measurements of tumor perfusion may be repeated before and after a physiologic or drug challenge (ie, antiangiogenic therapy). In RCC xenografts and in patients with metastatic RCC, ASL MRI assessments can be used to monitor blood flow changes in response to antiangiogenic therapies. High blood flow on ASL MRI in RCC xenografts correlates with viable tumor at histopathologic analysis, whereas zones of absent or diminished signal correspond to necrosis. ASL MRI has the potential to serve as a biomarker for patients with metastatic RCC by offering a noninvasive measure of tumor blood flow changes accompanying antiangiogenic therapy. Cancer 2009;115(10 suppl):2334‐45. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Complexity of tumor vasculature in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Qian Chao‐Nan , Huang Dan , Wondergem Bill , Teh Bin Tean 
Published: March 2010

AbstractClear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) is a highly vascularized cancer resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Antiangiogenic therapy has achieved some effectiveness against this unique malignancy. The complexity of the tumor vasculature in CCRCC has led to differences in correlating tumor microvessel density with patient prognosis. The authors' recent findings demonstrated that there were at least 2 major categories of tumor vessels in CCRCC—namely, undifferentiated and differentiated—correlating with patient prognosis in contrasting ways, with higher undifferentiated vessel density indicating poorer prognosis, and higher differentiated vessel density correlating with better prognosis. Furthermore, the presence of pericytes supporting the differentiated vessels varied in CCRCC. The distributions of pericyte coverage and differentiated vessels in CCRCC were uneven. The tumor margin had a higher pericyte coverage rate for differentiated vessels than did the inner tumor area. The uneven distributions of pericyte coverage and differentiated vessels in CCRCC prompted the authors to revisit the mechanism of tumor central necrosis, which was also known to be a prognostic indicator for CCRCC. The discrepancy of prognostic correlation between protein and messenger RNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in CCRCC was discussed. The complexity of the tumor vasculature in CCRCC also led the authors to begin to re‒evaluate the therapeutic effects of antiangiogenic agents for each type of tumor vessel, which will in turn significantly broaden understanding of tumor angiogenesis and improve therapeutic effect. Cancer 2009;115(10 suppl):2282‐9. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Neoadjuvant (presurgical) therapy for renal cell carcinoma: A new treatment paradigm for locally advanced and metastatic disease
Authors: Wood Christopher G. , Margulis Vitaly 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Although upfront cytoreductive nephrectomy followed by systemic therapy remains the standard of care for metastatic renal cell carcinoma, the addition of novel targeted therapy has prompted a reevaluation of this treatment paradigm. The authors reviewed their experience with neoadjuvant systemic therapy administered before cytoreductive surgery for metastatic, locally recurrent, or regionally advanced renal cell carcinoma.METHODS:The authors compared patients treated with presurgical targeted therapy (with sunitinib, sorafenib, or bevacizumab) with a contemporary group that underwent up‐front cytoreductive surgery.RESULTS:The authors found no difference in any perioperative surgical parameters indicative of morbidity or mortality between the 2 groups. Laboratory models of renal cell carcinoma treated with systemic targeted therapy demonstrate specific protein expression profiles that correlate with response to therapy and the development of therapy resistance.CONCLUSIONS:Neoadjuvant (presurgical) targeted therapy before cytoreductive surgery appears safe in the setting of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. It identifies patients who respond to systemic therapy before surgery, thus avoiding highly morbid surgery in patients destined for a poor outcome. Further studies are needed to identify the molecular endpoints associated with treatment response and the development of the resistant phenotype, which will in turn identify novel transduction pathways worthy of therapeutic development. Cancer 2009;115(10 suppl):2355‐60. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Sequential therapy in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Escudier Bernard , Goupil Marine Gross , Massard Christophe , Fizazi Karim 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBecause of the recent approval of several drugs for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (including sorafenib, sunitinib, temsirolimus, and, in Europe, bevacizumab plus interferon), the use of sequential therapy has become routine practice. There is now evidence that administering these targeted agents sequentially provides clinical benefit by inducing tumor shrinkage and prolonged progression‐free survival (PFS) in a large number of patients. However, data regarding overall survival (OS) are still pending. By adding these drugs in an adequate order, one can expect an increase in overall PFS of up to 27 months and a subsequent improvement in the OS of patients with renal cell carcinoma. It has been recently reported that the OS of patients treated with sunitinib in the first‐line setting was 26 months. Expecting a survival of 40 months does appear possible based on currently available data, although this assumption will have to be proven in the future. Cancer 2009;115(10 suppl):2321‐6. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Conclusions and reflections
Authors: Denis Louis J. , Gospodarowicz Mary K. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractValidated prognostic factors are an integral part of any cancer diagnosis. The available proliferation of new markers and randomized clinical trial results leads to a complex decision making looking for optimal treatment and outcome results. Advanced mathematic models have been developed to weigh each specific prognostic factor into a single outcome number in nomograms modeled for specific predictive accuracy in key phases of the treated history of the disease. Despite this progress, it is important to realize that the results are an outcome stratification for groups rather than for the individual patient. It is clear that in the tumor prognosis, host and environmental factors need to be evaluated before any clinical decision is made. Cancer 2009;115(13 suppl):3160–2. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Nomograms for staging, prognosis, and predicting treatment outcomes
Authors: Touijer Karim , Scardino Peter T. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractProstate cancer is a heterogeneous disease with a wide prognostic spectrum and a variety of treatment options. Such a complex clinical scenario has led to uncertainty in risk assessment and prediction of outcome. Nomograms have served as scientific formulas designed to maximize the predictive accuracy. The use of nomograms in prostate cancer has been applied to many clinical states and outcomes and has provided the most accurate predictions. Cancer 2009;115(13 suppl):3107–11. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Systems pathology
Authors: Donovan Michael J. , Costa Jose , Cordon‐Cardo Carlos 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDiagnostic tumor pathology in the context of personalized medicine has progressed from an interpretive, subjective science to a more objective, evidence‐based practice. This has resulted in the development of several tissue‐based, molecular‐driven tests that provide information regarding prognosis and response to therapy. The challenge, however, for both the pathologist and the treating physician is how best to effectively integrate this data into a comprehensive treatment plan that includes a patient‐specific risk assessment. To address this need, the authors developed a systems pathology approach to the practice of clinical molecular medicine through technical advances in object‐oriented image analysis, and phenotyping at the microanatomical level using deparaffinized tissue section and quantitative biomarker multiplexing. With support vector regression for censored data, they have been able to integrate complex information and provide a patient‐specific risk profile based on the clinical endpoint under investigation. Cancer 2009;115(13 suppl):3078–84. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Predictive models of toxicity in external radiotherapy
Authors: Fiorino Claudio , Rancati Tiziana , Valdagni Riccardo 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDose‐volume modeling of late and acute toxicity in radiotherapy for prostate cancer is a rapidly evolving field of investigation. The availability of individual, 3‐dimensional dose distribution and dose‐volume histograms (DVHs) permits the quantitative assessment of dose‐volume relations for specific endpoints by investigating the correlation between individual dose‐volume data and clinical outcomes. These studies often entail a huge effort in collecting data from large populations that have been followed properly for long time. The rectum is the most investigated organ, especially concerning late bleeding, and a good consensus regarding serial‐like behavior for this endpoint comes from various investigations. Concerning the bladder, the existence of a clear dose effect when the organ is wholly or partially irradiated is well known. Concerning erectile dysfunctions, the wide use of hormone therapy and drugs against impotence suggests that large, prospectively scored populations will be necessary to definitively assess dose‐volume relations. Bowel irradiation during prostate cancer radiotherapy occurs during pelvic lymph node irradiation, and severe acute toxicity has yet to be modeled clearly. Evidence of a correlation between the DVH of the intestinal cavity and bowel toxicity recently was reported, providing important information about optimal dose‐volume constraints to be used during whole‐pelvis irradiation with intensity‐modulated radiotherapy. Cancer 2009;115(13 suppl):3135–40. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Predictive models of toxicity with external radiotherapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Valdagni Riccardo , Rancati Tiziana , Fiorino Claudio 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe objective of the current study was to analyze the state of the art and present limitations of available predictive clinical models (when available) estimating the risk of genitourinary tract and small bowel complications, erectile dysfunction, and acute and late symptoms of the rectal syndrome caused by prostate cancer external irradiation. An analysis of the literature indicated that very limited attention has been devoted to the development of “integrated,” patient‐tailored, user‐friendly, and clinically usable tools for the prediction of external beam radiotoxicity. In this article, the authors reported on the multivariate correlation between late genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicities and clinical/dosimetric risk factors, as well as on the first set of nomograms developed to predict acute and late rectal side effects. At the present state of knowledge, the use of nomograms as predictive instruments of radiotoxicity appears to be particularly attractive for several main reasons. They are “user friendly” and easily developed using the results of multivariate analyses, as they weigh the combined effects of multiple independent factors found to be correlated with the selected clinical endpoint. The integrated evaluation of clinical and dosimetric parameters in the single patient can help to provide a tailored probability of the specific outcome considered. Predicting a high probability of toxicity could avoid unnecessary daily costs for the individual patient in terms of quality of life modification during and after treatment, helping patients in the decision‐making process of choosing the best individual, quality of life–related treatment, and clinicians in better tailoring the treatment to patient's characteristics. Cancer 2009;115(13 suppl):3141–9. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Techniques and predictive models to improve prostate cancer detection
Authors: Herman Michael P. , Dorsey Philip , John Majnu , Patel Nishant , Leung Robert , Tewari Ashutosh 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe use of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) as a screening test remains controversial. There have been several attempts to refine PSA measurements to improve its predictive value. These modifications, including PSA density, PSA kinetics, and the measurement of PSA isoforms, have met with limited success. Therefore, complex statistical and computational models have been created to assess an individual's risk of prostate cancer more accurately. In this review, the authors examined the methods used to modify PSA as well as various predictive models used in prostate cancer detection. They described the mathematical underpinnings of these techniques along with their intrinsic strengths and weaknesses, and they assessed the accuracy of these methods, which have been shown to be better than physicians' judgment at predicting a man's risk of cancer. Without understanding the design and limitations of these methods, they can be applied inappropriately, leading to incorrect conclusions. These models are important components in counseling patients on their risk of prostate cancer and also help in the design of clinical trials by stratifying patients into different risk categories. Thus, it is incumbent on both clinicians and researchers to become familiar with these tools. Cancer 2009;115(13 suppl):3085–99. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Mucosal melanoma of the nose and paranasal sinuses, a contemporary experience from the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
Authors: Moreno Mauricio A. , Roberts Dianna B. , Kupferman Michael E. , DeMonte Franco , El‐Naggar Adel K. , Williams Michelle , Rosenthal David S. , Hanna Ehab Y. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Sinonasal mucosal melanoma is a rare disease associated with a very poor prognosis. Because most of the series extend retrospectively several decades, we sought to determine prognostic factors and outcomes with recent treatment modalities.METHODS:A retrospective chart review of 58 patients treated for sinonasal melanoma at a tertiary cancer center between 1993 and 2004. The patients were retrospectively staged according to the sinonasal American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system. Demographic, clinical and pathological parameters were identified and correlated with outcomes.RESULTS:There were 35 males and 23 females with a median age of 63 years; 56 patients were treated surgically and 33 received radiation therapy. According to Ballantyne's clinical staging system, 88% of the patients presented with stage I (local) disease. Classification by the AJCC staging classified yielded 27% of the patients with T1, 33% with T2, 21% with T3, and 19% with T4. T‐stage and the degree of tumor pigmentation were associated with a worse survival (P = .0096 and P = .018, respectively), while pseudopapillary architecture was associated with a higher locoregional failure (P = .0144). Postoperative radiation therapy improved locoregional control when a total dose greater than 54 Gy was used (P = .0215), but did not affect overall survival.CONCLUSIONS:Tumor stage according to sinonasal AJCC staging system is an effective outcome predictor and should be the staging system of choice. Postoperative radiation therapy improves locoregional control when a higher dose and standard fractionations are used. Histological features such as pigmentation and pseudopapillary architecture are associated with worse outcome. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.