bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theory of mind and neurocognitive functioning in patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Wolf Frederike , Brüne Martin , Assion Hans‐Jörg 
Published: September 2010

Wolf F, Brüne M, Assion H‐J. Theory of mind and neurocognitive functioning in patients with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 657–666. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  Studies into social cognition in psychiatric disorders have recently been expanded to address the question of whether or not theory of mind (ToM), i.e., the ability to represent one’s own and others’ mental states, is impaired in bipolar affective disorder (BPD). Results have been mixed so far, mainly due to possible confounding effects of neurocognition, as well as clinical factors such as acuity and current mood. Here, we explored ToM and its associations with neurocognitive functioning in BPD.Methods:  A total of 33 patients with bipolar I disorder (of whom 12 were currently depressed, 10 manic, and 11 remitted) and 29 healthy controls were assessed using a test battery that was identical to the one that was used in previous studies in schizophrenia, comprising diverse neurocognitive tasks, including measures of intelligence, executive functioning, and ToM tasks.Results:  The bipolar disorder patient group as a whole and all three clinical subgroups were impaired on all measures of ToM relative to controls, but did not differ from each other in most ToM scores. Patients’ poorer performance on executive tasks did not fully explain ToM differences between patients and controls, suggesting a partially selective ToM deficit in BPD.Conclusions:  Patients with BPD are impaired in ToM, partially independent of other cognitive dysfunctions and current mood.
The association of weight gain with mood symptoms and functional outcomes following a first manic episode: prospective 12‐month data from the Systematic Treatment Optimization Program for Early Mania (STOP‐EM)
Authors: Bond David J , Kunz Mauricio , Torres Ivan J , Lam Raymond W , Yatham Lakshmi N 
Published: September 2010

Bond DJ, Kunz M, Torres IJ, Lam RW, Yatham LN. The association of weight gain with mood symptoms and functional outcomes following a first manic episode: prospective 12‐month data from the Systematic Treatment Optimization Program for Early Mania (STOP‐EM). Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 616–626. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  Up to 75% of patients with bipolar I disorder (BD‐I) are overweight or obese. Obesity is associated with an increased liability for mood episodes in patients with established BD‐I, but data from early in the illness are lacking. Obesity in the general population is also consistently associated with functional impairment, but the relationship between weight gain and functional outcomes in BD‐I has received little attention.Methods:  We measured rates of clinically significant weight gain (CSWG), defined as gaining ≥ 7% of baseline weight, over 12 months in 46 patients with BD‐I who recently recovered from their first manic episode. We compared patients with and without CSWG for (i) the amount of time spent with mood symptoms, assessed using standard clinical rating scales and National Institute of Mental Health Life Charts, and (ii) functioning at 12 months, measured using the Multidimensional Scale of Independent Functioning (MSIF).Results:  A total of 41% of patients (n = 19) experienced CSWG by 12 months. We did not detect an association between CSWG and the number of days with mood symptoms. Patients with CSWG had significantly poorer 12‐month global functioning than those without CSWG [MSIF score = 2.26 (SD = 1.24) versus 1.74 (0.98); p = 0.011]. Functional impairment was independent of recent or current mood symptoms, which were entered as covariates in our analyses.Conclusions:  Weight gain may be an overlooked, but potentially modifiable, cause of functional impairment in BD‐I. Clinicians should consider the possibility of weight gain when making the earliest treatment decisions in BD‐I.
Self‐esteem in remitted bipolar disorder patients: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Nilsson Kristine Kahr , Jørgensen Carsten René , Craig Tom K J , Straarup Krista Nielsen , Licht Rasmus W 
Published: September 2010

Nilsson KK, Jørgensen CR, Craig TKJ, Straarup KN, Licht RW. Self‐esteem in remitted bipolar disorder patients: a meta‐analysis.  Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 585–592. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  Low self‐esteem has been found to be a risk factor for depression in major depressive disorder (MDD). In contrast, the role of self‐esteem in bipolar disorder (BD) is still uncertain. In order to examine the characteristics of self‐esteem in BD, we synthesized studies comparing self‐esteem in BD patients with self‐esteem in MDD patients and in normal controls.Methods:  Database searches and identification of studies were conducted by two of the authors independently. Remission of BD and MDD was a major selection criterion. The results were generated through meta‐analyses.Results:  Random‐effects models of 19 between‐group comparisons (N = 1,838) suggested that the self‐esteem of remitted BD patients was significantly lower than that of normal controls (Cohen’s d = −0.83), while significantly higher than that of remitted MDD patients (Cohen’s d = 0.54). Fail‐safe numbers and tests for funnel plot asymmetry indicated that the results were robust and unlikely to reflect publication biases. Additional studies indicated that self‐esteem may take a fluctuating course during remission of BD.Conclusions:  By revealing that BD patients do experience low self‐esteem, the findings implicate a need for further understanding the causes and therapeutic impact of such abnormality in BD.
Impairment of verbal learning and memory and executive function in unaffected siblings of probands with bipolar disorder
Authors: Kulkarni Sandip , Jain Sanjeev , Janardhan Reddy YC , Kumar Keshav J , Kandavel Thennarasu 
Published: September 2010

Kulkarni S, Jain S, Janardhan Reddy YC, Kumar KJ, Kandavel T. Impairment of verbal learning and memory and executive function in unaffected siblings of probands with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 647–656. © 2010 The Authors.  Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  Impairments in executive function and memory have been reported in relatives of patients with bipolar disorder, suggesting that they could be potential endophenotypes for genetic studies, but the findings are inconsistent. In this study, neuropsychological performance in unaffected siblings of probands with family loading for bipolar disorder is compared to that of individually matched healthy controls. We hypothesized that performance on tests of executive functions and memory would be impaired in unaffected siblings of probands with bipolar disorder compared to matched healthy controls.Methods:  We evaluated 30 unaffected siblings of probands with bipolar I disorder and 30 individually matched healthy controls using tests of attention, executive function, and memory. Unaffected siblings and healthy control subjects did not differ with respect to gender, age, and years of education.Results:  Unaffected siblings performed poorly on the Tower of London test (TOL), the Rey’s auditory verbal learning test (RAVLT), and the Rey’s complex figure test. In the multivariate analysis, significance was noted for the TOL, total number of moves (p = 0.007) and the RAVLT total learning score (p = 0.001).Conclusions:  Our study suggests that the deficits in verbal learning and memory and executive functions (planning) could be potential endophenotypes in bipolar disorder. These deficits are consistent with the proposed neurobiological model of bipolar disorder involving the frontotemporal and subcortical circuits. Future studies could couple cognitive and imaging strategies and genomics to identify neurocognitive endophenotypes in bipolar disorder.
The common adolescent bipolar phenotype shows positive biases in emotional processing
Authors: Rock Philippa L , Goodwin Guy M , Harmer Catherine J 
Published: September 2010

Rock PL, Goodwin GM, Harmer CJ. The common adolescent bipolar phenotype shows positive biases in emotional processing. Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 606–615. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  Bipolar disorder is associated with abnormalities in emotional processing that persist into periods of remission. However, studies of euthymic bipolar disorder patients may be confounded by the experience of mood episodes and medication. We therefore assessed an adolescent group for vulnerability markers associated with the bipolar phenotype.Methods:  The Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) is a screening tool for bipolar disorder that targets mood‐elevation symptoms. We selected 32 high‐scoring students (≥ 7 symptoms) with the adolescent bipolar phenotype and 30 low‐scoring controls (≤ 3 symptoms) and screened them with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview–Plus for bipolar disorder and other psychiatric disorders. We investigated emotional processing by assessing facial expression recognition, emotional memory, emotion‐potentiated startle, and a dot‐probe task.Results:  Of the high‐MDQ participants, 12 were in remission from bipolar disorder defined by DSM‐IV‐TR and interview (bipolar II disorder/bipolar disorder not otherwise specified) and 3 from major depressive disorder. High‐MDQ participants had higher levels of neuroticism, low mood, and lifetime anxiety comorbidity and alcohol dependence compared with low‐MDQ participants. The high‐MDQ group showed facilitated recognition of surprised and neutral facial expressions and enhanced processing of positive versus negative information in emotional recognition memory and emotion‐potentiated startle. There were no effects on emotional categorisation/recall memory or attentional bias in the dot‐probe task.Conclusions:  These results suggest that students with the common adolescent bipolar phenotype show positive emotional processing biases despite increased levels of neuroticism, low mood, and anxiety. Such effects may represent a psychological vulnerability marker associated with the bipolar phenotype.
Cleavage and gastrulation in the Kuruma shrimp Penaeus (Marsupenaeus) japonicus (Bate): A revised cell lineage and identification of a presumptive germ cell marker
Authors: Pawlak John B. , Sellars Melony J. , Wood Andrew , Hertzler Philip L. 
Published: September 2010

A previous study suggested that mesendoderm (ME) cell arrest occurred at the 64‐cell stage and a ring of eight presumptive naupliar mesoderm cells or crown cells surrounded the blastopore in the Kuruma shrimp Penaeus (Marsupenaeus) japonicus. Since this varied from the pattern observed in other penaeoidean shrimp, cleavage and gastrulation was re‐examined in P. japonicus using the nucleic acid stain Sytox Green and confocal microscopy. In contrast to the earlier study, cleavage and gastrulation followed the pattern observed in other penaeoidean shrimp. The ME cells arrested at the 32‐cell stage, ingressed into the blastocoel, and resumed division after a three cell cycle delay. Nine naupliar mesoderm or crown cells surrounded the blastopore and their descendants invaginated during gastrulation. An intracellular body (ICB) was detected by Sytox Green and SYTO RNASelect staining to be segregated to one ME cell in P. japonicus, as described previously in Penaeus monodon. Staining of the ICB was eliminated by pre‐treatment with RNase but not DNase. The ICB was also found in two other penaeoidean shrimp, Penaeus vannamei (Family Penaeidae) and Sicyonia ingentis (Family Sicyoniidae). The results support the hypothesis that the ICB is a germ granule found in the Dendrobranchiata.
Steps towards a centralized nervous system in basal bilaterians: Insights from neurogenesis of the acoelSymsagittifera roscoffensis
Authors: Semmler Henrike , Chiodin Marta , Bailly Xavier , Martinez Pedro , Wanninger Andreas 
Published: September 2010

Due to its proposed basal position in the bilaterian Tree of Life, Acoela may hold the key to our understanding of the evolution of a number of bodyplan features including the central nervous system. In order to contribute novel data to this discussion we investigated the distribution of α‐tubulin and the neurotransmitters serotonin and RFamide in juveniles and adults of the sagittiferidSymsagittifera roscoffensis. In addition, we present the expression pattern of the neuropatterning geneSoxB1. Adults and juveniles exhibit six serotonergic longitudinal neurite bundles and an anterior concentration of serotonergic sensory cells. While juveniles show an “orthogon‐like” arrangement of longitudinal neurite bundles along the anterior‐posterior axis, it appears more diffuse in the posterior region of adults. Commissures between the six neurite bundles are present only in the anterior body region of adults, while irregularly distributed individual neurites, often interconnected by serotonergic nerve cells, are found in the posterior region. Anti‐RFamide staining shows numerous individual neurites around the statocyst. The orthogon‐like nervous system ofS. roscoffensisis confirmed by α‐tubulin immunoreactivity. In the region of highest neurotransmitter density (i.e., anterior), the HMG‐box geneSrSoxB1, a transcription factor known to be involved in neurogenesis in other bilaterians, is expressed in juvenile specimens. Accordingly,SoxB1expression inS. roscoffensisfollows the typical pattern of higher bilaterians that have a brain. Thus, our data support the notion that Urbilateria already had the genetic toolkit required to form brain‐like neural structures, but that its morphological degree of neural concentration was still low.
An alternative 1‐day smear microscopy protocol for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: RAWAT Jagdish , BISWAS Debasis , SINDHWANI Girish , MASIH Victor 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  This study was undertaken to assess the feasibility of diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) by collecting two sputum samples on a single day (1‐day protocol), and to compare this protocol with the national policy of collecting two samples on consecutive days (2‐day protocol).Methods:  A total of 513 individuals with cough that had persisted for more than 2 weeks were screened for PTB by collection of three sputum samples: a spot sample on the first day, a sample collected 1 h after the first sample and a sample collected the following morning. For the 2‐day protocol, the diagnostic performance of the first and third samples was considered, while the 1‐day protocol was evaluated using the two samples collected on the first day. Staining and microscopy were performed in a blinded manner by two different technicians.Results:  Of the 513 patients, 40 defaulted on the second day. Of the total number of patients recruited, 124 (24.2%) were smear‐positive. Using the 2‐day protocol, 121 patients (97.6%) were identified as smear‐positive, whereas with the 1‐day protocol 118 patients (95.2%) were identified as smear‐positive (P = 0.3). Of the patients who defaulted, seven (17.5%) were smear‐positive. Comparison of the variation in results indicated that collection of a morning sample on the second day provided no significant benefit over collection of a second spot sample on the first day.Conclusions:  As the 2‐day protocol did not show a statistically significant difference in diagnostic performance compared with the 1‐day protocol, the latter may be adopted as an alternative protocol, particularly for patients who are more likely to default.
High MW hyaluronan inhibits smoke inhalation‐induced lung injury and improves survival
Authors: HUANG Pei‐ming , SYRKINA Olga , YU Lunyin , DEDAJ Rejmon , ZHAO Hang , SHIEDLIN Aviva , LIU Yung‐yang , GARG Hari , QUINN Deborah A. , HALES Charles A. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  High MW hyaluronan (HMW HA) as opposed to low MW hyaluronan (LMW HA) has been shown to have anti‐inflammatory and anti‐apoptotic effects. We hypothesized that treatment with HMW HA would block smoke inhalation lung injury by inhibiting smoke‐induced lung inflammation and airway epithelial cell apoptosis.Methods:  Anesthetized, intubated male rats were randomly allocated to either control or smoke inhalation injury groups. Rats were treated with 3‐mL subcutaneous normal saline solution (sham) or LMW HA (35 kDa) or HMW HA (1600 kDa) 18 h before exposure to 15 min of cotton smoke (n = 5 each). Rats were also treated post smoke inhalation with 1600 kDa HA by intra‐peritoneal injection (3 mL) or intra‐tracheal nebulization (200 µL). Lung neutrophil infiltration, airway apoptosis, airway mucous plugging and lung injury were assessed 4 h after smoke inhalation injury.Results:  Rats pretreated with 1600 kDa HA had significantly less smoke‐induced neutrophil infiltration, lung oedema, airway apoptosis and mucous plugging. Pretreatment with 35 kDa HA, in contrast, increased smoke‐induced neutrophil infiltration and lung injury score. Intra‐tracheal administration of a single dose 1600 kDa HA, but not intra‐peritoneal injection, significantly improved survival post smoke inhalation.Conclusions:  High MW hyaluronan (1600 kDa) may prove to be a beneficial therapy for smoke inhalation through inhibition of smoke‐induced inflammation, lung oedema, airway epithelial cell apoptosis and airway mucous plugging.
Setting up a specialist pleural disease service
Authors: HOOPER Clare E. , LEE Y.C. Gary , MASKELL Nick A. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe past decade has seen a dramatic rise in clinical and research interests in pleural disease in parallel with rising incidences of pleural cancers and infection worldwide. Development of specialist pleural services can streamline patient diagnosis and therapy, reduce health‐care resource consumption, improve procedural training and safety and facilitate clinical research. Pleural ultrasound, pleuroscopy, indwelling pleural catheter services and pleural procedural education programmes for junior staff are important elements of most specialist pleural units. An integrated service including radiology, pathology, oncology and thoracic surgery input is pivotal to success. Establishing funding support and referral sources are the common initial hurdles. This article provides an overview of the need for specialist pleural disease units, the essential elements required and the likely challenges encountered in setting a service up.
Upfront transection and subsequent ligation of the dorsal vein complex during laparoscopic radical prostatectomy
Authors: Sasaki Hiroshi , Miki Jun , Kimura Takahiro , Yamamoto Yoshinori , Koike Yusuke , Miki Kenta , Egawa Shin 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLaparoscopic radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer offers several advantages, including creation of a pneumoperitoneum that results in less blood loss than is seen with the corresponding open procedure. Transection of the deep dorsal vein complex remains among the most challenging aspects, however. Safe and secure completion of this procedure is important to minimize blood loss and maximize the chance of cure. Liberal use of coagulation for hemostasis at the dorsal vein complex (DVC) risks thermal damage to the sphincteric muscle. DVC ligation before transection, though commonly performed, can cause loss of some sphincteric fibers and potentially result in delayed recovery of urinary continence. Furthermore, ligation may at times prove difficult, especially in obese patients with a short and broad DVC, a large prostate gland, and a narrow pelvis. The presence of prominent pubic tubercles may further increase the difficulty. We have found that bleeding from the DVC is easily controlled without suture ligation through a combination of a modest pneumoperitoneum with pinpoint coagulation of one or two small arteries that are consistently found in the superficial layer of the complex. Precise, even‐level transection is possible under direct vision with no more than modest blood loss. A stitch in a Z‐shaped fashion is then applied to the entire transected stump of the DVC. This procedure is simple and easily performed, even by those with limited experience. Here we provide an overview of our current technique.
Cervical cancer screening in north east Thailand using the visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) test and its relationship to high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV) status
Authors: Ekalaksananan Tipaya , Pientong Chamsai , Thinkhamrop Jedsada , Kongyingyoes Bunkerd , Evans Mark F. , Chaiwongkot Arkom 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAim:  This study investigated the utility of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) as a method for cervical cancer screening in Thailand and examined the relationship of VIA to high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV) status.Methods:  Cervical cells were collected from 160 patients receiving a Pap smear. VIA was performed on the cervix of the patients by application of 5% acetic acid. HPV screening of DNA extracted from cytology samples was performed by PCR using the GP5+/6+ primer system followed by reverse line blot hybridization genotyping.Results:  The majority (96.9%) of the patients were diagnosed with normal or inflammatory cytologic changes. 32.8% of normal cytology and 42.0% of inflammation cases showed positive acetowhite staining. 3.1%, 38.1% and 42.5% of subjects were positive for an abnormal Pap test, VIA test, and HPV DNA, respectively. VIA demonstrated 50% sensitivity and 66.7% specificity for abnormal histology with PPV and NPV values of 50% and 66.7%, respectively, whereas HPV DNA test showed 100% sensitivity. HPV16 was the most common (54.4%) and HR‐HPV was detected in 36.3% of all cases. 48.5% of HR‐HPV positive and 36.8% of HR‐HPV negative cervices stained with acetowhite following the VIA test.Conclusion:  The VIA test is a simple method for cervical cancer screening; however, a significant proportion of patients with normal or inflammatory cytology were positive by this test. Further, HR‐HPV in women without acetowhite staining was demonstrated. Therefore, some form of HR‐HPV detection test may be required for combination with cervical cell screening even in low‐resource nations.
The systematics of Zoochlorella revisited employing an integrative approach
Authors: Pröschold Thomas , Darienko Tatyana , Silva Paul C. , Reisser Werner , Krienitz Lothar 
Published: September 2010

SummarySymbiosis of green algae with protozoa and invertebrates has been studied for more than 100 years. Endosymbiotic green algae are widely distributed in ciliates (e.g. Paramecium, Stentor, Climacostomum, Coleps, Euplotes), heliozoa (e.g. Acanthocystis) and invertebrates (e.g. Hydra, Spongilla), and have traditionally been identified as named or unnamed species of Chlorella Beij. or Zoochlorella K. Brandt or referred to as Chlorella‐like algae or zoochlorellae. We studied 17 strains of endosymbionts isolated from various hosts and geographical localities using an integrative approach (nuclear encoded small subunit and internal transcribed spacer regions of rRNA gene sequences including their secondary structures, morphology, physiology and virus sensitivity). Phylogenetic analyses have revealed them to be polyphyletic. The strains examined belong to five independent clades within the Trebouxiophyceae (Choricystis‐, Elliptochloris‐, Auxenochlorella‐ and Chlorella‐clades) and Chlorophyceae (Scenedesmus‐clade). The most studied host organism, Paramecium bursaria, harbours endosymbionts representing at least five different species. On the basis of our results, we propose a taxonomic revision of endosymbiotic ‘Chlorella’‐like green algae. Zoochlorella conductrix K. Brandt is transferred to Micractinium Fresen. and Zoochlorella parasitica K. Brandt to Choricystis (Skuja) Fott. It was shown that Choricystis minor (Skuja) Fott, the generitype, is a later heterotypic synonym of Choricystis parasitica (K. Brandt) comb. nov. A new species, Chlorella heliozoae, is proposed to accommodate the endosymbiont of Acanthocystis turfacea.