bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional quality of palm fat substituted chicken nuggets
Authors: Alina A.R. , Babji A.S. , Affandi S. 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to improve the nutritional value of chicken nuggets by partial substitution of animal fat with palm stearin. Three nugget formulations with the fat level of 10.3 per cent palm fats consisted of blends from Olein: Stearin at ratios of 30:70, 50:50, 70:30 were used to replace chicken skin (control). Palm fat treatments resulted in a significant decrease of cholesterol content.Design/methodology/approachFour nugget formulations with the fat level of 10.3 per cent palm fats consisting of blends from Olein: Stearin at ratio of 30:70, 50:50, 70:30 and a commercial shortening, Socfat 36 are studied. The same formulation using chicken skin as a control and a commercial brand of nugget is used as a comparison. Proximate analysis of raw and cooked palm fat nuggets showed a decrease in the protein content and an increase of the fat content. The cholesterol content were reduced up to 45.9 per cent through the addition of palm fat, when compared against the control treatment. Fatty acid composition of palm fats in the palm substituted formulations increased the level of C16:0 and decreased C16:1, C18:1, C18:2, compared with fat from chicken skin.FindingsThe cholesterol content was reduced by 45.9 per cent when chicken skin and fat were substituted with palm fats. The texture of chicken nugget increased when added with palm fats. Palmitic acid (C16:0) content increased while palmitoleic acid (C16:1), oleic (C18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2) decreased in palm fat treated nuggets.Originality/valueThe paper is of value in showing how palm stearin and olein usage in chicken nuggets helps reduce the product's cholesterol content.
Design of neural model for analysing journal bearings considering effects of transverse and longitudinal profile
Authors: Sinanoğlu Cem 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the effects of shaft surface profiles on the load carriage capacity of journal bearings using an experimental and neural network approach. The paper aims to inspect the performance characteristics of journal bearing systems; the presence of transverse and longitudinal roughness on journal‐shaft surfaces is studied using the proposed neural network.Design/methodology/approachThe collected experimental data such as pressure variations are employed as training and testing data for an artificial neural network (ANN). Quick propagation algorithm is used to update the weight of the network during the training.FindingsAs a result, a shaft with a transverse profile displays a favorable performance as far as load carriage capacity is concerned. Moreover, the proposed neural network structure outperforms the available experimental model in predicting the pressure as well as the load carriage capacity.Originality/valueThe paper discusses a new modelling scheme known as ANN. A neural network predictor has been employed to analyze the effects of shaft surface profiles in the hydrodynamic lubrication of journal bearings.
The effect of boronizing and boro‐chromizing on tribological performance of AISI 52100 bearing steels
Authors: Sen Saduman , Sen Ugur 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the tribological behavior of hardened, boronized and boro‐chromized AISI 52100 steel balls against boro‐chromized AISI 1040 steel disk under 2, 5 and 10 N loads at 0.1 and 0.3 m/s sliding speeds.Design/methodology/approachBoronizing treatment was realized at 1,000°C for 2 h in a slurry salt bath consisting of borax, boric acid and ferro‐silicon. Some of the boronized steels were chromized at 1,000°C for 2 h by pack method in the powder mixture consisting of ferro‐chromium, ammonium chloride and alumina. Similarly, AISI 1040 steel disk was boronized at 900°C for 4 h in the same bath and then chromized by pack method. Friction and wear tests were carried out using a ball‐on‐disk machine.FindingsThe results showed that the specific wear rate of hardened and boronized AISI 52100 steel balls decreased with increasing load and decreasing sliding speed. Untreated AISI 52100 steel balls showed much greater specific wear rate than the boronized and boro‐chromized AISI 52100 steel balls. Boronized steel balls exhibited the highest wear resistance. The specific wear rates of hardened, boronized and borochromized steel balls were between 9.6422 × 10−5 and 1.6714 × 10−4, 4.4079 × 10−6 and 3.2829 × 10−5, and 1.0135 × 10−5 and 3.0559 × 10−5 mm3 N−1 m−1, respectively. The lowest coefficient of friction was recorded on a boro‐chromized steel disk, tested against boronized steel ball at 0.3 m/s sliding speed and under low‐load value.Research limitations/implicationsTests have been made on the basis of atmospheric conditions. The study can be detailed using some lubricants on the wear test.Practical implicationsThe research has shown that boronizing and boro‐chromizing treatments realized on steels have a good wear resistance in the open atmosphere. Boronizing treatment has been used for tribological applications for a long time. Boro‐chromizing treatment can be applied on steels, successfully.Originality/valueTribological properties of boro‐chromized steels are explained in the present study for the first time.
The frictional behavior of materials under vertical vibration
Authors: Asaduzzaman Chowdhury Mohammad , Helali Maksud 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate experimentally the effect of external vertical vibration on the friction property of mild steel, glass fiber‐reinforced plastic and cloth‐reinforced ebonite.Design/methodology/approachA pin‐on‐disc apparatus having the facility of vibrating the test samples in a vertical direction was designed and fabricated. The experimental setup has the facility to vary the amplitudes and frequencies of vibration, while the velocity of vibration is kept constant. During the experiment, the frequency and amplitude of vibration were varied from 0 to 500 Hz and 0 to 200 μm, respectively. Studies have shown that the friction coefficient decreases with the increase of amplitude and frequency of vertical vibration for the above‐said materials. The rate of decrease of friction coefficient is different for different materials. The results of these materials are analyzed by dimensional analysis to correlate the friction coefficient with sliding velocity, frequency and amplitude of vibration. The experimental results are also compared with those available in the literature and simple physical explanations are provided.FindingsIt was found that reducing the friction coefficient of different materials was achieved by way of reducing the friction force by applying known frequency and vibration and correlating the friction coefficient with frequency, amplitude and sliding velocity.Practical implicationsThe paper presents a way of reducing friction force by applying known frequency and vibration so that the mechanical process can be considerably improved (by considering the appropriate design of vibration).Originality/valueThe paper's originality lies in demonstrating the correlation among friction coefficient, amplitude, frequency and sliding velocity for different types of materials.
Materials screening of matching pairs in a water hydraulic piston pump
Authors: Yinshui Liu , Wu Defa , He Xiaofeng , Zhuangyun Li 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present some design guidelines for the selection of the materials of the main frictional pairs in a water hydraulic piston pump.Design/methodology/approachIn the research, a specified test bench that can simulate the typical frictional pairs in a water hydraulic piston pump was built. The friction and wear behaviors of the three pairs in the pump with different materials combinations were tested on the test bench. The tested materials included metal, engineering ceramics and plastics. Some surface engineering technologies including plasma surface spray, laser clad and heat treatment were applied and tested. The matching schemes included hard‐to‐hard (such as ceramics‐to‐ceramics) and hard‐to‐soft (such as metal‐to‐plastics, ceramics‐to‐plastics).FindingsSome principles for the materials selection in a water hydraulic piston pump were obtained. According to the test results, the combination schemes for the main frictional pairs in a water hydraulic piston pump were proposed.Originality/valueA test apparatus that could simulate the movement of main frictional pairs in a water hydraulic piston pump more really than the other general materials machines was developed. Some materials including metal, engineering ceramics and plastics and some engineering technologies were tested. The research described here is an important foundation for the development of a water hydraulic piston pump.
Developing tomorrow's engineers: a case study in instrument engineering
Authors: McDonnell Liam , O'Neill Donal 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this case study is to outline the challenges facing industry and educational institutions in educating and training instrument engineers against a backdrop of declining interest by secondary school students in mathematics and physics. This case study cites the experience and strategies of the Kentz Group and Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland in developing tomorrow's engineers, with particular reference to instrument engineers.Design/methodology/approachThe approach adopted is that of a case study which describes activities and processes within industrial and academic settings and the rationale behind them.FindingsThe paper finds that educators, accrediting bodies and companies must work in alignment to continue to develop talented instrument engineers. It proposes a campaign to promote mathematics and physics in schools, and determines that companies must work carefully to support young instrument engineers entering the workplace.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper reflects experiences in case study form of one academic institution and one company, drawing on established principles. Propositions put forward will need testing and in other contexts.Originality/valueInstrument engineers are one of the key factors in enabling the growth of mature and emerging economies, yet their development rarely receives attention in scholarly journals focusing on learning and development. The paper reflects best practice in Ireland with broader lessons for engineering and construction businesses.
From apprentice to construction manager and beyond: developing a talent pipeline
Authors: McGettingan Eamonn , O'Neill Donal 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to outline the approach taken within Kentz Engineers and Constructors to develop electrical technicians and other apprentices on an international basis.Design/methodology/approachThe approach adopted is that of a case study which describes activities and processes within the college and the rationale behind them supported by appropriate material.FindingsAn integrated approach is needed to developing qualified tradespeople as junior supervisors involving work rotation, mentoring, learning and development workshops and peer support. Corporate will, together with systems and infrastructure, is needed to be successful organization‐wide.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper is a case study that focuses on reflections from practice. Lessons learned and proposed will need to be tested in other organizations.Originality/valueThe paper provides original, tested solutions to problems that face the majority of organizations in the global construction industry and which will be familiar to all who manage the transition of apprentices into supervisory positions.
Setting sail in a new direction
Authors: Baruch Yehuda , Campbell Quick James 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss why organizations who are looking for top executives, should enlist former military officers and senior enlisted leaders, who make excellent candidates.Design/methodology/approachQuestionnaires with both closed‐ and open‐ended questions generate responses from more than 300 former Navy admirals. This paper reports the qualitative findings emerging from the open‐ended questions.FindingsThe authors identify the perspectives that enable a smooth transition from the structured military to a civilian career. Embracing the new environment proves essential, while clinging to the past has detrimental outcomes.Research limitations/implicationsIt is yet to be determined whether former military leaders represent the wider population of executives at traditional organizations moving to a business environment.Practical implicationsThe admirals' career shift should shed light on broader questions of transition into a business environment, as well as the specific element of embarking on a second career at a late age and the impact of organizational support mechanisms.Originality/valueCareers in industry since the last quarter of the twentieth century have become boundaryless, turbulent, even chaotic. Many people have to change their approach to careers, yet few studies examine mass transition from traditional systems to a second career in business. This paper should assist HR theorists and practitioners who deal with such career transition.
Leadership, performance evaluations, and all the usual suspects
Authors: Stark Ernie , Poppler Paul 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to extend investigation of differences in job performance related ratings across racial and ethnic groupings by comparing predictions derived from the theories of similarity‐attraction and social categorization with predictions derived from leader‐member exchange theory.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data are secured from 91 matched pairs (managerial level subordinates and immediate supervisor) secured in a field study of 17 employers of choice in the geographical area served by a metropolitan university in the USA. A moderated hierarchical regression is performed to test the two original hypotheses, and a chi‐square analysis tests a third hypothesis evolving from the data.FindingsExamination of data reveals that supervisor and subordinate racial demographics are weak predictors of measures of subordinate performance. Measures of leader‐member exchange make any contributions attributed to racial demographics insignificant.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is subject to all the concerns associated with field studies and quasi‐experiments.Practical implicationsSince high quality exchange between supervisor and subordinate is a track inward to the central core of the management system and upward mobility, this study points to the value of providing all managers and all subordinates exposure to and instruction in how to initiate and maintain a high quality social exchanges across racial and ethnic groupings.Originality/valueWhile null results such as reported in this study are not typically found in the literature, they should spark additional theory development especially when the research methods used are robust.
Exploratory case studies on manufacturing agility in the furniture industry
Authors: Azouzi Riadh , Beauregard Robert , D’Amours Sophie 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the agility of advanced manufacturing technologies (AMTs) in furniture enterprises, and explores the appropriateness of a typology framework that correlates the technology infrastructure of the enterprise with its manufacturing strategy.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses a clear and rigorous case study design and protocol. Empirical data are collected using structured surveys of two strategically selected furniture enterprises. The collected data are used to analyze the fit between the technology infrastructure of the enterprise and its strategic goals, and how this fit correlates with the theoretical categories stated by the typology.FindingsThe case studies suggest that enterprise performance could be maximized if the competitive priorities and the customization strategy put in practice are in conformity with the available technology.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of the case studies corroborate the all inclusive hypothesis suggested by the typology. The lack of triangulation of multiple data sources for more confidence about the results or the typology framework itself remains a limitation in this study. The two cases were representative to a certain extent of two out of the three theoretical ideal types stated by the typology.Practical implicationsThe explored typology can serve as a supporting tool for managers when making strategic investment decisions in their pursuit of a mass customization strategy within a specific market.Originality/valueThe originality comes from the way the properties that should be displayed by the technologies used in furniture manufacturing enterprises to develop agility are drawn together.
Online purchase determinants
Authors: Broekhuizen Thijs , Huizingh Eelko K.R.E. 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the moderating influence of direct online shopping experience in an e‐commerce context.Design/methodology/approachThe conceptual framework links attitudinal constructs such as price attractiveness, merchandise quality, service quality, time/effort costs, risk and enjoyment to future online purchase intentions. Purchasers and inquirers of a car insurance comparison website were approached by personalized email to participate in an online questionnaire. Multi‐group structural equation analysis was used to test for group differences in the structural weights.FindingsCompared to the purchasers, the inquirers were more concerned with the perceived enjoyment, risk and price attractiveness offered by the website, while caring less about time/effort savings. Inquirers were negatively influenced by the price attractiveness of their chosen insurance, which indicates that they were less likely to use the website for future transactions if they were satisfied with their current price.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research could extend the current research by investigating other potential moderators, such as socio‐demographics and psychographic variables.Practical implicationsGuidelines for managers of websites for financial services about how to convert inquirers into buyers and improve the loyalty of online buyers.Originality/valueDraws upon insights from marketing, e‐commerce and information systems to provide substantial support for the hypotheses regarding the moderating influence of direct online shopping experience.
Can the US stock market be Shanghaied?
Authors: Huang Yi‐Jer , Bacon Frank W. 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between the US and China stock markets between 2000 and 2007. This study attempts to categorize the event on February 27, 2007, i.e. 9 per cent plunge in Shanghai stock market followed by the $1.5 trillion global market shake out, as irrational, i.e. herd mentality.Design/methodology/approachTo test for this relationship, the Morgan Stanley Capital International daily price index data was collected from April 15, 2002 to April 12, 2007. Daily Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), Nikkei 225 (Nikkei), Hang Seng Index, and the Shanghai Stock Exchange Composite Index (SSECI) were collected from finance.yahoo.com from January 1, 2000 until April 3, 2007. The running beta and correlation coefficients, defined as the cumulative coefficients, are used to determine the co‐movement of the SSECI and DJIA.FindingsThe strength of the relationship between the US and China stock markets has significantly increased since 2005, maybe attributed to China's policy change in 2005 to move toward a more free market economy. Because of the unique characteristics of China's stock market, it is hard to conclude that the $1.5 trillion global market shake out was ignited by the 9 per cent plunge in the Shanghai stock market on February 27, 2007.Research limitations/implicationsChina's economic reform is unique since the country followed no blue print for the economic institutions to model after and policies were adopted through experimentation. Fueled by its fast growing economy (10.4 per cent in 2005 and 10.7 per cent in 2006), using past patterns or trends to predict the future of China's financial market requires further research as its stock market emerges. Research in this area requires more observations as China's stock market grows and becomes more transparent.Practical implicationsResults here suggest that the strength of the relationship between the US and China stock markets has significantly increased since 2005 and that China's 2005 policy moves toward a more free market economy are most likely responsible.Originality/valueA better understanding of the influence of China's emerging stock market on the global stock market offers significant value to portfolio managers worldwide.
Developing an integrated model of TQM and HRM on KM activities
Authors: Ooi Keng‐Boon , Teh Pei‐Lee , Yee‐Loong Chong Alain 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop an integrated model of total quality management (TQM) and human resource management (HRM) to elucidate the influence of TQM and HRM practices on knowledge management (KM) activities.Design/methodology/approachThe theory of KM serves as a starting‐point to develop the integrated conceptual model linking TQM and HRM aspects. Based on an extensive review of the current literature, three practices of TQM and three practices of HRM are integrated in an organized manner to examine the influence of TQM and HRM practices on KM activities.FindingsThese findings provide a basis for developing a model to advance the HRM, TQM and KM research literature.Practical implicationsThe practical implication of this study could be useful for business managers, who want to enhance organizational KM activities through implementing HRM and TQM practices that support their organization's KM efforts.Originality/valueThis paper makes a significant contribution by developing an integrated HRM and TQM model as a methodological example which can be useful for tracking the degree of HRM and TQM effects on KM activities. Organizations could use this framework to do a pre‐test baseline measurement, and then periodically re‐assess the effects of any HRM and TQM change.
Trust in leadership is vital for employee performance
Authors: Sharkie Robert 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThis paper aims to contribute to the debate on employee performance by discussing the importance of trust in encouraging performance.Design/methodology/approachBased on a literature review of discretionary contributions to the organization and employee trust in their leaders.FindingsThere is strong evidence that the vulnerability of employees in the employment relationship has increased the importance of trust in encouraging employee extra‐role behaviour outside their legal and contractual obligation.Research limitations/implicationsThe importance of trust for employee behaviour has been well documented but the fragility of the psychological contract shows that discretionary extra‐role behaviour will be context specific.Practical implicationsOrganizations need employees to perform beyond expectations and this paper shows the importance of trust in encouraging this performance.Originality/valueThis paper is important for managers and academics because of the imperative of being able to access and then use the knowledge and skills of employees.