bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface Interaction of Lecithin and Lysolecithin
Authors: Robinson N 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The lowering of the surface tension of water by lysolecithin in the presence of a small constant amount of lecithin has been investigated to examine the changes in the boundary tension during the formation of a primary phosphatide membrane. In the higher concentration range of lysolecithin (above 0.05 per cent w/v corresponding to a weight fraction of 0.4) the surface activity was not affected by the presence of lecithin. Below 0.05 per cent w/v lysolecithin the surface activity was reduced but in the very dilute region of the critical micelle concentration it was restored.
The presence of calcium chloride reduced the surface activity to a greater extent above the critical micelle concentration region of lysolecithin than below. The effects of potassium chloride differed from calcium chloride for different regions of the lysolecithin concentration range. Ageing effects due to the salts affected the surface acitivity, probably by reason of the removal of lecithin from the interface. The results were complex and only a qualitative interpretation of the behaviour was attempted. The surface tension: concentration relation for aqueous lecithin sols at four different temperatures, a precursor to the main work, showed a lowering of the surface tension of water to less than 41 dyne/cm. by 0.5 per cent w/v lecithin at 25°; reducing the concentration to 0.05 per cent w/v the surface activity of lecithin steadily diminished to zero.
Further Studies on the Biosynthesis of 5-Hydroxytryptamine
Authors: Price Shirley A P , West G B 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The factors affecting the 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase activity of the brain of animals have been studied. By altering the conditions of incubation and the amounts of the constituents of the incubation mixture, the activity as determined by the amount of 5-hydroxytryptamine formed has been increased about 10-fold. Intramuscular injections of cortisone and prednisolone did not reduce the enzyme activity although such treatment lowers the 5-hydroxytryptamine content of several tissues.
Studies in the Field of Diuretics
Authors: Jackman G B , Petrow V , Stephenson O , Wild A M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The condensation of some halogeno-2,4-disulphamylbenzenes with basic reagents has been examined. Some of the resulting products have been converted into 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide derivatives. By using 2-aminopyridine in the reaction the novel azaphenthiazines (VII) were obtained.
The Effect of Pyrogen from E. Coli on the Activity of Succinic Acid Dehydrogenase in Liver Mitochondria
Authors: Venulet Jan , Desperak-Naciazek Anna 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
To investigate more accurately the effect of pyrogen from E. coli on liver metabolism, its influence on mitochondrial fractions and on the activity of succinic acid dehydrogenase in this fraction has been studied. It appears that the pyrogen acts by directly activating the enzyme system chosen. Antagonism by malonate confirms the enzymatic and specific character of the phenomenon. No effect of pyrogen was found on the activity of lactic acid dehydrogenase. The results further the conception of a peripheral action of pyrogen.
The Absorption and Elimination of Metabisulphite and Thiosulphate by Rats
Authors: Bhaghat B , Lockett Mary F 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Rats eliminated 55 per cent of the sulphur of metabisulphite and 23 per cent of that of thiosulphate into the urine in the 4 hours after the oral administration of these compounds. This sulphur was excreted almost entirely as inorganic sulphate.
Assay of Digitalis
Authors: Bhatt J G , MacDonald A D 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The uses of the outer walls of the right ventricles of guinea pigs and of auricles of rabbits for the assay of digitalis have been reinvestigated. The results obtained are compared with those obtained by slow intravenous infusion in guinea pigs (B.P. 1958) and the pigeon method (U.S.P. XV). The results obtained by the use of isolated auricles indicate that this method is reasonably accurate, cheap and less time-consuming than other methods and has the further advantage that the test sample is compared with the standard on the same tissue.
The Stability of Solutions of the International Pyrogen Reference Preparation
Authors: Palmer C H R , Whittet T D 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The stability of dilute solutions of the International Pyrogen Reference Preparation has been studied. When the response is plotted against log dose a straight line is obtained. Steaming for 30 min. causes a loss of at least 52 per cent of activity and autoclaving at 115° for 30 min. practically complete destruction. Storage in a refrigerator (approximately 4°) for 16 weeks caused a loss of activity. The pyrogen is removed from solution by a strongly basic anion exchange resin and is unaffected by a strongly acidic cation exchange resin.
The Removal of Air During Autoclave Sterilisation of Fabrics Using Low Pressure Steam
Authors: Wilkinson G R , Peacock F G 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A modified sterilising cycle has been evolved after studying the temperature distribution and effects of moisture in fabrics in the pre-sterilisation phase. A vacuum of 20 mm. Hg abs. followed by the introduction of steam to raise the pressure to about 200 mm. abs. and then re-applying a vacuum of 20 mm. Hg abs. was found to produce the required conditions to give even heating throughout the materials.
The Spectrophotometric Determination of Thalidomide in Body Fluids
Authors: Green J N , Benson B C 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
An ultra-violet spectrophotometric method is described for the determination of thalidomide in blood, plasma or urine. Thalidomide is extracted from the sample with chloroform, and the drop in extinction measured when solutions are treated with alkali. The method has been used to determine the amount of drug present in animal and human blood.
The Effect of a Sulphated Polysaccharide upon the Diffusion of Pepsin through Mucin
Authors: Anderson W 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Degraded carrageenan, a sulphated polysaccharide, is shown to hinder the diffusion of pepsin through mucin in vitro when it is mixed with the mucin before the application of the pepsin solution. It is suggested that this property is part of the mechanism by which degraded carrageenan protects experimental animals from histamine ulceration.
Ion-Exchange Chromatography on Alginic Acid of Certain B-Group Vitamins
Authors: Foster J S , Murfin J W 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Quantitative separation of mixtures of organic bases into their components has been achieved by ion-exchange chromatography on alginic acid. This simplifies the routine control of nicotinamide and aneurine and pyridoxine hydrochlorides, when these are present in certain pharmaceutical preparations.
Comparison of Biological and Chemical Assay of Thyroid
Authors: Webb F W 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The biological and chemical examination of thyroid samples has demonstrated the inadequacy of the B.P. assay, which is based upon the determination of so-called “thyroxine iodine”. It is suggested that, in the absence of specific methods for determining thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine in thyroid, the chemical assay should be replaced by a biological assay.
The mouse anoxia method is shown to be suitable for this purpose. The potencies of samples assayed thus over the past 3 years, together with chemical data and clinical comments are presented. The relative activities of the thyroid constituents 3,5,3′,5′-tetra-iodo-L-thyronine (L-thyroxine), 3,5,3′-tri-iodo-L-thyronine, 3,5-di-iodo-L-tyrosine, 3-mono-iodo-L-tyrosine, as determined by the mouse anoxia method, are in good agreement with their reported clinical effectiveness.
The Synthesis of Acetylcholine by Acetone Dried Powders from the Brains of Normal Rats and of Thiamine-Deficient Rats
Authors: Bhagat B , Lockett Mary F 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The rate of synthesis of acetylcholine by rat brains was reduced by thiamine deficiency. There was a reduction in available coenzyme A but not in choline acetylase activity.
A Spectrophotometric Method for the Estimation of Phenindione
Authors: Bose B C , Vijayvargiya R 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A spectrophotometric method for the estimation of phenindione in pharmaceutical preparations and body fluids and tissues is described. It has a greater sensitivity than the existing British Pharmacopoeia method. Advantage has been taken of the solubility of the drug in toluene and the sensitivity of measurement has been found to be enhanced by the addition of alcoholic potassium hydroxide solution. This method accurately estimates 1–2 mg. of the substance as opposed to the 300 mg. required for the B.P. method. Further, as little as 2.5 μg./ml. of the substance can be detected in biological fluids after eliminating interfering substances.
The Fungistatic Activity of Methyl and Propyl Hydroxybenzoates and A Mixture of These Against Penicillium Spinulosum
Authors: Gerrard H N , Parker M S , Bullock K 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The fungistatic activity of the methyl and propyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and of a mixture of these esters has been investigated. A mucilaginous substance is formed by fungal spores in contact with low concentrations of hydroxybenzoates in liquid medium. A difficulty in reading fungistatic end points from this cause was resolved by using a microscope.
The Local Anaesthetic Properties of Esters of N-Substituted α-Aminophenylacetic Acids
Authors: Shapero M , Edwards K B 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The local anaesthetic properties of a series of esters of N-substituted α-aminophenylacetic acids are described. Compounds with an ethyl ester group showed little activity, but replacing this group by an isopentyl group produced local anaesthetic action. The cyclohexyl and 3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl esters induced a prolonged surface and infiltration anaesthesia; this was more pronounced in those compounds in which the central amino-group was tertiary. The relationship between structure and activity is discussed.
The Effects of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on Some Aspects of Intermediary Metabolism
Authors: Bryant C , Smith M J H 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The effects of salicylate, 2,4-dinitrophenol, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, phenylbutazone and chloroquine diphosphate on the incorporation of radioactivity from [14C]glucose and [1,4–14C]succinate into the soluble intermediates of rat liver preparations have been studied. It is concluded that the increased incorporation of radiocarbon into oligosaccharides, phosphates and malic and fumaric acids bears no relation to anti-inflammatory activity in the salicylate group of drugs.
A Note on the Peroxide Value of Lanolin
Authors: Anderson C A , Wood G F 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The peroxide value of lanolin is reduced to a low figure by heating at 100° for short periods. This effect is sufficient to explain the low peroxide value of wool wax extracted from wool scour liquors, and may be utilised to prepare low-peroxide lanolin for special purposes, such as the manufacture of penicillin ointment.
Some Factors Influencing the Absorption of Griseofulvin from the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Duncan W A M , MacDonald G , Thornton M J 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Some surface-active agents enhance the absorption of griseofulvin from suspensions administered to rats and man. The method of incorporating the agent into the suspension is important. No similar effect is observed with tablets of griseofulvin in man. The effect of particle size on the absorption of griseofulvin when administered as a suspension and as tablets has been studied in a statistically designed experiment in man. The results show that doses of 0.5 g. griseofulvin of surface area 0.35 m.2/g. or 0.25 g. of material with a surface area of 1.5 m.2/g. give similar concentrations of griseofulvin in the blood.
Hydrolytic Destruction of Thiamine, Especially in the Presence of Cyanocobalamin
Authors: Heathcote Jennifer , Wills B A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The hydrolytic destruction of thiamine hydrochloride in various buffer solutions at pH 4.5 at 100° has been investigated. The rate of hydrolysis approximated to that of a first order reaction, the salts of weak organic acids acting as catalysts so that buffer salts could not retard the decomposition. It was confirmed that the hydrolytic products of thiamine affect the stability of cyanocobalamin, and that low concentrations of ferric ions can protect cyanocobalamin against the effects of thiamine breakdown products, but this occurs without appreciably affecting the stability of thiamine itself.
Enzyme Inhibiting Action of Tetrahydroaminoacridine and its Structural Fragments
Authors: Kaul P N 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Tetrahydro-5-aminoacridine and four compounds representing its structural fragments have been compared as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and of monoamine oxidase. The entire structure of tetrahydro-5-aminoacridine appears to be essential for optimal inhibition of the esterase, less than 10−6 m concentration showing a 50 per cent inhibition of the enzyme, with the inhibition constant Ki as 1 × 10−4. For optimum inhibition of monoamine oxidase, the 4-aminoquinoline part of the acridine molecule appears to be a structural requirement. 4-Arninoquinoline shows a stronger monoamine oxidase inhibition than any known therapeutically used inhibitor. It gives a 50 per cent inhibition of the oxidase in 10−6 m concentration, with ki as 1.1 × 10−5.
Spectrophotofluorometric Determination of Emetine in Animal Tissues
Authors: Davis B , Dodds M G , Tomich E G 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A simple rapid spectrophotofluorometric method for assaying emetine in animal tissues is described. Tissue emetine concentrations have been determined in rats at intervals up to 14 days after single doses of emetine hydrochloride or emetine bismuth iodide: the hydrochloride was administered orally or subcutaneously and the bismuth iodide complex orally. Subcutaneously administered emetine hydrochloride produced the highest concentrations. Given orally, emetine hydrochloride produced higher tissue levels than did emetine bismuth iodide.
The Effects in Rabbits of Thyroidectomy and Treatment with Triiodothyronine on the Sensitivity to Noradrenaline and the Content of Noradrenaline in Aorta and Spleen
Authors: MacMillan W H , Rand M J 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The sensitivity of spiral strips of aorta and strips of isolated spleen to sympathomimetic amines and nicotine has been studied in the thyroidectomised rabbit and in rabbits treated with triiodothyronine. Aortic strips from hyperthyroid rabbits were less sensitive to noradrenaline and less able to contract than those from normal rabbits; they also usually failed to respond initially to nicotine or tyramine although the nicotine response could be restored by exposure of the tissues to noradrenaline. Strips from hypothyroid rabbits were slightly less sensitive to low doses of noradrenaline than the normal although their maximal responses to high doses was greater. The dose-response curves for noradrenaline of spleen capsules from hyperthyroid and hypothryoid rabbits were more shallow than the normal. While spleen capsules from both experimental groups responded to nicotine with tachyphylaxis, they failed to respond to tyramine. Exposure of the capsules to noradrenaline temporarily restored the nicotine response. The noradrenaline content of aorta and spleen from hyperthyroid and hypothyroid rabbits was determined and in each case was found to be reduced to about 50 per cent of normal. These observations indicate that not all sympathetically innervated tissues of the hyperthyroid rabbit develop an increased sensitivity to sympathomimetic amines. Changes in tissue noradrenaline levels during periods of altered thyroid activity do not explain the altered sensitivity of the aorta and spleen to noradrenaline.
The Urinary Excretion of Trittated Butylated Hydroxyanisole and Butylated Hydroxytoluene in the Rat
Authors: Golder W S , Ryan A J , Wright S E 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The total radioactivity of rat urine after the administration of tritiated butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene has been measured. The results indicate that approximately 90 per cent of the dose of bha is excreted within four days. With bht, the total radioactivity excreted in the same period is equivalent to only 35 per cent of the dose, but some of the radioactivity of the labelled molecule is lost during metabolism and only an approximate estimation of the total urinary excretion is possible.
The Effect of Adrenergic Blocking Agents and of Chlorpromazine on Blood Pressure Increase by Vasopressin and Angiotensin
Authors: Supek Z , Uroić B , Gjuriš V , Marijan N 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The influence of the adrenergic blocking agents hydergine, dibenamine and tolazoline and of chlorpromazine on the mean arterial pressure response to vasopressin, angiotensin and barium chloride in anaesthetised dogs was investigated. Adrenergic blocking agents potentiate significantly the pressure response to vasopressin while leaving the responses to angiotensin and barium chloride unaltered. Chloropromazine potentiates the responses to both vasopressin and angiotensin. This potentiation is not due to blood pressure lowering produced by adrenergic blockade or by chlorpromazine.
Alkanolamides Sterically Related to Ergometrine
Authors: Chilton J , Stenlake J B 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The ethanolamides of 3-dimethylaminopropionic acid, 1-methyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydronicotinic acid (arecaidine) and 1-methylhexahydronicotinic acid, and propanolamides of 3-dimethylaminopropionic acid and arecaidine have been synthesised. None of these compounds had demonstrable oxytocic activity on the isolated oestrous rat uterus in concentrations up to 1 mg./ml. Arecaidine propanolamide inhibited acetylcholine-induced contractions in concentrations of 0.075 to 0.3 mg./ml. The 2-styryl derivatives of 3-dimethylaminopropionic and 4-dimethylaminobutyric acids were found to be unstable.
Flocculation and Conductivity of Phosphatide Sols
Authors: Thomas I L 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Results obtained in flocculation and conductivity studies with sols of lecithin and lysolecithin and solutions of calcium and potassium chlorides are reported. Calcium chloride interacts with lecithin, the extent of interaction depending upon the method of preparation of the lecithin sol. Potassium chloride does not interact with lecithin. These results may explain why potassium ions can be transported across a cell membrane whilst calcium ions cannot.
The Antiveratrinic Action of Some Local Anaesthetics
Authors: Sharma V N , Arora R B 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The activity of fifteen local anaesthetics against the “veratrine response” induced in the frog's sartorius muscle by 0.1 μg./ml. of veratridine was investigated. The suppression of potassium efflux by these agents, and the role played by this ion in the action of veratridine has also been examined.
Pharmacological Screening of Some West Indian Medicinal Plants
Authors: Feng P C , Haynes L J , Magnus K E , Plimmer J R , Sherratt H S A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A systematic pharmacological examination has been made of 55 Jamaican plants, most of which have a local reputation as medicinals. A number of interesting, but no outstanding, activities were observed. The results are tabulated.
Simple Hypotensive and Hypertensive Principles from Some West Indian Medicinal Plants
Authors: Durand E , Ellington E V , Feng P C , Haynes L J , Magnus K E , Philip N 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Examination of those plant extracts which were previously found (Feng and others, 1962) to have transient depressor activity has led to the isolation of γ-aminobutyric acid, from the leaves of Artocarpus incisa L. and of Piper amalago L. and to the demonstration by paper chromatography of its presence in several extracts. Extracts showing pressor activity were also examined and tyramine has been isolated from Phoradendron wattii Kr. and Urb. and dopamine has been shown by paper chromatography to be present in Piper amalago L. and Stachytarpheta jamaicensis Vahl.
The Synthesis of Ortho-Substituted 2-Diethylaminoethyl Benzoates as Potential Local Anaesthetics
Authors: Thomas J , Canty J 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A series of mono-ortho- and di-ortho- substituted benzoic esters of 2-diethylaminoethanol has been synthesised. Improved methods for the preparation of 2,6-difluorobenzoic acid and 2,6-dimethylbenzoic acid are reported. The preparation of esters of di-ortho- substituted benzoic acids is discussed and an efficient method of esterification of these acids is described.
The Chemical Determination of Liothyronine and Thyroxine in Enzymic Hydrolysates of Pork Thyroid
Authors: Devlin W F , Stephenson N R 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Maximum amounts of liothyronine and thyroxine were released from pork thyroid by the proteolytic action of erepsin and trypsin after incubation for 96 hr. at 39°. The iodinated thyronines were extracted from the hydrolysate with butanol, separated chromatographically, eluted from the paper and measured quantitatively by a chemical method in which the reduction of ceric ion by arsenious acid is catalysed by the iodine containing compounds. The iodine found in liothyronine and thyroxine accounted for 18 to 25 per cent of the total organic iodine in pork thyroid. It is postulated that pork thyroglobulin contains approximately 1 molar residue of liothyronine and 2 molar residues of thyroxine.
The Phosphorylation of Anti-Adrenergic Quaternary Ammonium Salts Related to Choline
Authors: Copp F C , Jones T S G , McCoubrey A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Quaternary ammonium salts related to choline with anti-adrenergic properties have been phosphorylated. The resulting betaines were used to investigate a possible means for improving the oral absorption of quaternary ammonium salts. One of these was converted to the α-glycerophosphate for similar study.
Comparative Study of the Calciphylactic Challenging Potency of Various Iron Compounds
Authors: Strebel Ralph , Vašků Jaromir , Selye Hans 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Systematic experiments in rats sensitised for calciphylaxis by pre-treatment with dihydrotachysterol were made using fourteen different iron compounds as challengers. It was noted that the selective localisation of soft-tissue calcinosis in various organs depends largely upon the carrier to which the iron atom is attached; hence, under otherwise identical conditions, essentially distinct calciphylactic syndromes can be produced in rats given the same amounts of iron attached to different carriers.