bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency department involvement in the diagnosis of cancer among older adults: a SEER-Medicare study
Authors: Thompson Caroline A , Sheridan Paige , Metwally Eman , Peacock Hinton Sharon , Mullins Megan A , Dillon Ellis C , Thompson Matthew , Pettit Nicholas , Kurian Allison W , Pruitt Sandi L , Lyratzopoulos Georgios 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Internationally, 20% to 50% of cancer is diagnosed through emergency presentation, which is associated with lower survival, poor patient experience, and socioeconomic disparities, but population-based evidence about emergency diagnosis in the United States is limited. We estimated emergency department (ED) involvement in the diagnosis of cancer in a nationally representative population of older US adults, and its association with sociodemographic, clinical, and tumor characteristics.

Methods
We analyzed Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program–Medicare data for Medicare beneficiaries (≥66 years old) with a diagnosis of female breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancers (2008-2017), defining their earliest cancer-related claim as their index date, and patients who visited the ED 0 to 30 days before their index date to have “ED involvement” in their diagnosis, with stratification as 0 to 7 or 8 to 30 days. We estimated covariate-adjusted associations of patient age, sex, race and ethnicity, marital status, comorbidity score, tumor stage, year of diagnosis, rurality, and census-tract poverty with ED involvement using modified Poisson regression.

Results
Among 614 748 patients, 23% had ED involvement, with 18% visiting the ED in the 0 to 7 days before their index date. This rate varied greatly by tumor site, with breast cancer at 8%, colorectal cancer at 39%, lung cancer at 40%, and prostate cancer at 7%. In adjusted models, older age, female sex, non-Hispanic Black and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander race, being unmarried, recent year of diagnosis, later-stage disease, comorbidities, and poverty were associated with ED involvement.

Conclusions
The ED may be involved in the initial identification of cancer for 1 in 5 patients. Earlier, system-level identification of cancer in non-ED settings should be prioritized, especially among underserved populations.
Non-chronic kidney disease-induced calciphylaxis: a rare case report
Authors: Giese Drake , Ernste Katherine , Jnaneswaran Geethu , Elkhedr Ali 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Calciphylaxis is a disorder causing ischemic skin necrosis, typically associated with end-stage renal disease or those receiving dialysis. Occurrence is rare in those without end-stage renal disease, and treatment options are limited. This case report describes a patient with calciphylaxis without end-stage renal disease or history of dialysis. Treatment with sodium thiosulfate, a first line option, had to be stopped due to metabolic derangements, limiting the healing process. Diagnosis and treatment of this rare disorder are important to prevent further complications that may result.
The psychiatrisation of international law in James Lorimer’s The Institutes
Authors: Bagulaya José Duke 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Using the categories of normal and abnormal, James Lorimer’s The Institutes of the Law of Nations subjectivised the native as the abnormal in international relations, denying recognition of their independent communities and providing justification for their perpetual subjugation. This article deploys Foucault’s critique of psychiatry to contextualise the unexplored intersections of Lorimer’s ‘science’ of international law and positivist psychiatry in the 19th century. It rereads Lorimer’s work as a psychiatrisation of international law, thus throwing light on the category of the abnormal and its persistence in international legal discourse.
Links between optical and X-ray light in Cygnus X-2
Authors: Igl Alexander B , Hynes R I , O’Brien K S , Robinson E L , Britt C T 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
We observed the low-mass X-ray binary Cyg X-2 for a total of 18 nights over two observing runs in July and September of 2006, using the Otto Struve Telescope at McDonald Observatory and the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer. Using discrete cross-correlations, we found peaks occurring at near-zero lags in the flaring branch of the colour–colour diagram, which could signify reprocessing, in addition to an anticorrelation within the normal branch. When comparing optical flux to the system’s placement on the Z track, two distinct behaviours were seen: (1) a state with no correlation, and (2) a multivalued (horizontal and normal branches)/correlated (flaring branch) state. The correlation was the result of direct steps and more gradual falls to and from the flaring branch, respectively. Finally, we modelled timed spectra with 64 s bins with an extended accretion disc corona model. We found that correlations occurred between the optical and the various fitted parameters, particularly the blackbody normalization (and blackbody radius by extension) in higher intensity regions. Despite this, the Z track location was found to be a far better predictor of physical parameters than the optical flux, with clean correlations seen in every branch of the Z track. Where optical correlations are found, the location on the Z track was a better predictor of optical flux than any individual physical parameter.
Constraining the LVK AGN channel with black hole spins
Authors: McKernan B , Ford K E S 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Merging black holes (BHs) are expected to produce remnants with large dimensionless spin parameters (aspin ∼ 0.7). However, gravitational wave (GW) observations with LIGO–Virgo–Kagra (LVK) suggest that merging BHs are consistent with modestly positive but not high spin (aspin ∼ 0.2), causing tension with models suggesting that high-mass mergers are produced by hierarchical merger channels. Some BHs also show evidence for strong in-plane spin components. Here, we point out that spin-down of BHs due to eccentric prograde post-merger orbits within the gas of an active galactic nucleus (AGN) disc can yield BHs with masses in the upper mass gap, but only modestly positive aspin, and thus observations of BHs with low spin do not rule out hierarchical models. We also point out that the fraction of binary black hole (BBH) mergers with significant in-plane spin components is a strong test of interactions between disc BBHs and nuclear spheroid orbiters. Spin magnitude and spin tilt constraints from LVK observations of BBHs are an excellent test of dynamics of BHs in AGN discs, disc properties, and the nuclear clusters interacting with AGNs.
The Association Between Overall, Healthy, and Unhealthy Plant-Based Diet Index and Risk of Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies
Authors: Nikparast Ali , Mirzaei Parmis , Tadayoni Zeinab S , Asghari Golaleh 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Context
The global incidence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased substantially in recent years. Among the established, modifiable lifestyle factors associated with favorable prediabetes and T2DM risk, healthy dietary patterns have attracted considerable attention.

Objective
The association between adherence to plant-based dietary pattern indices (PDIs), including the overall PDI (O-PDI), healthy PDI (H-PDI), and unhealthy PDI (U-PDI), and the risk of prediabetes and T2DM was investigated in this study.

Data Sources
A literature search was conducted of the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Sciences databases from their inception to February 2024. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using random effects models and dose–response analyses. The Cochran Q test and the I2 statistic were used to evaluate heterogeneity between studies.

Data Extraction
A total of 16 publications, with data on a total of 721 012 participants, were identified for the meta-analysis.

Data Analysis
According to a pooled analysis, compared with the lowest category of O-PDI and H-PDI adherence, the highest category was associated with a 14% and 19% reduction in T2DM risk, respectively, for O-PDI (effect size [ES] = 0.86; 95%CI, 0.82-0.90; I2 = 57.7) and H-PDI (ES = 0.81; 95%CI, 0.75-0.88; I2 = 82.6). Greater adherence to U-PDI was significantly associated with an 10% increase in the risk of T2DM (ES = 1.10; 95%CI, 1.04-1.16). Consistent associations were found within the predetermined subgroups. As well, there was a nonlinear inverse association between O-PDI, H-PDI, and T2DM risk. No significant association was found between adherence to O-PDI (ES = 0.87; 95%CI, 0.75-1.01; I2 = 68%), H-PDI (ES = 0.99; 95%CI, 0.87-1.13; I2 = 0.0%), and U-PDI (ES = 1.09; 95%CI, 0.94-1.21; I2 = 22.9%) and risk of prediabetes.

Conclusion
These findings underscore the importance of dietary selections within the framework of a plant-based dietary pattern, particularly when incorporating healthful, plant-based foods, which may have potential benefits in reducing the T2DM risk.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023459851.
Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Preeclampsia: A Scoping Review
Authors: Zhao Heather J , Chen Yingan , Liu Tiange , McArthur Kristen , Mueller Noel T 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-associated hypertension disorder with high morbidity and mortality. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)—molecules produced by gut microbes—have been associated with hypertension, yet their relation to PE remains uncertain.

Objectives
The aim was to review existing human studies that examined associations of the major SCFAs (acetate, propionate, butyrate) in pregnancy with PE development.

Methods
Two reviewers independently searched online databases (EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) in January 2024 using the following terms: “short-chain fatty acids,” “acetic acid,” “butyric acid,” “propionic acid,” and “preeclampsia.” The final set of included studies had to report associations of SCFAs with PE, be peer-reviewed, be written in English, and be conducted in humans.

Results
The abstracts of 907 studies were screened; 43 underwent full-text screening and 11 (1318 total participants, 352 with PE) were included in the final review. All studies used a case-control design. SCFAs were measured in a range of biospecimens (eg, serum, plasma, feces, placentas, and amniotic fluid) that were collected at distinct time points in pregnancy. All 7 studies that investigated butyrate found that it was lower in PE cases than in controls, with 6 of these showing statistical significance (P &lt; .05). Five studies showed that acetate was significantly lower in individuals with PE compared with healthy individuals, while 1 study found that acetate was significantly higher in PE cases. One study reported significantly higher propionate among PE cases vs controls, while 2 studies reported significantly lower propionate levels in PE cases. The nuance in results for acetate and propionate may owe to reasons such as differences in distributions of population characteristics associated with SCFA level and PE or type of PE (early vs late).

Conclusion
Current epidemiologic evidence, which derives only from case-control studies, suggests that SCFAs, particularly butyrate (protective), in pregnancy are related to the development of PE. Large-cohort studies are warranted to investigate the temporality and potential causality of these associations.
Tailoring Interventions for Control of Endemic Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis
Authors: Schechner Vered , Cohen Adi , Carmeli Yehuda 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
We examined temporal trends in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) infections in a hospital with hyperendemic CRAB and assessed the efficacy of varied infection control strategies in different ward types.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed all CRAB clinical samples from 2006 to 2019 and categorized infections as hospital-onset (HO) or community-onset. We used interrupted time series analysis to assess the impact of interventions on the incidence of all HO-CRAB infections and bloodstream infections (BSIs) at the hospital and ward group levels.

Results
Over 14 years, 4009 CRAB infections were identified (89.7% HO), with 813 CRAB BSI (93.2% HO). The incidence per 100 000 patient-days of CRAB infections peaked in 2008 at 79.1, and that of CRAB BSI peaked in 2010 at 16.2. These rates decreased by two-thirds by 2019. In the general intensive care unit (ICU), hand hygiene and environmental cleaning interventions were followed by a significant reduction in the level of HO-CRAB infections, with an additional decrease in the slope after the introduction of active surveillance and 2% chlorhexidine bathing. In the surgical ICU and surgical department, a reduction in slope or level of CRAB infection was observed after moving ventilated patients to single rooms. In medical wards, a multimodal intervention was followed by a reduction in the slope of HO-CRAB infections and BSIs. In wards where CRAB infections were uncommon, the incidence of HO-CRAB infections decreased throughout the study period.

Conclusions
Ward-specific variables determine the success of interventions in reducing CRAB infections; therefore, interventions should be tailored to each setting.
Delta-5 elongase knockout reduces docosahexaenoic acid and lipid synthesis and increases heat sensitivity in a diatom
Authors: Zhu Junkai , Li Shuangqing , Chen Weizhong , Xu Xinde , Wang Xiaoping , Wang Xinwei , Han Jichang , Jouhet Juliette , Amato Alberto , Maréchal Eric , Hu Hanhua , Allen Andrew E , Gong Yangmin , Jiang Haibo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Recent global marine lipidomic analysis reveals a strong relationship between ocean temperature and phytoplanktonic abundance of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are essential for human nutrition and primarily sourced from phytoplankton in marine food webs. In phytoplanktonic organisms, EPA may play a major role in regulating the phase transition temperature of membranes, while the function of DHA remains unexplored. In the oleaginous diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, DHA is distributed mainly on extraplastidial phospholipids, which is very different from the EPA enriched in thylakoid lipids. Here, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9–mediated knockout of delta-5 elongase (ptELO5a), which encodes a delta-5 elongase (ELO5) catalyzing the elongation of EPA to synthesize DHA, led to a substantial interruption of DHA synthesis in P. tricornutum. The ptELO5a mutants showed some alterations in transcriptome and glycerolipidomes, including membrane lipids and triacylglycerols under normal temperature (22 °C), and were more sensitive to elevated temperature (28 °C) than wild type. We conclude that PtELO5a-mediated synthesis of small amounts of DHA has indispensable functions in regulating membrane lipids, indirectly contributing to storage lipid accumulation, and maintaining thermomorphogenesis in P. tricornutum. This study also highlights the significance of DHA synthesis and lipid composition for environmental adaptation of P. tricornutum.
A potential association between COVID-19 vaccination and development of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Roh Jee Hoon , Jung Inha , Suh Yunsun , Kim Min-Ho 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
The challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic extend to concerns about vaccine side effects, particularly potential links to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Aim
This study investigates the association between COVID-19 vaccination and the onset of AD and its prodromal state, mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Design
A nationwide, retrospective cohort study leveraging data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service was conducted.

Methods
The study, conducted in Seoul, South Korea, analyzed data from a random 50% sample of city residents aged 65 and above, totaling 558 017 individuals. Participants were divided into vaccinated and unvaccinated groups, with vaccinations including mRNA and cDNA vaccines. The study focused on AD and MCI incidences post-vaccination, identified via ICD-10 codes, using multivariable logistic and Cox regression analyses. Patients with vascular dementia or Parkinson’s disease served as controls.

Results
Findings showed an increased incidence of MCI and AD in vaccinated individuals, particularly those receiving mRNA vaccines, within three months post-vaccination. The mRNA vaccine group exhibited a significantly higher incidence of AD (odds ratio [OR]: 1.225; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.025–1.464; P = 0.026) and MCI (OR: 2.377; CI: 1.845–3.064; P &lt; 0.001) compared to the unvaccinated group. No significant relationship was found with vascular dementia or Parkinson’s disease.

Conclusions
Preliminary evidence suggests a potential link between COVID-19 vaccination, particularly mRNA vaccines, and increased incidences of AD and MCI. This warrants the need for further research to elucidate the relationship between vaccine-induced immune responses and neurodegenerative processes, advocating for continuous monitoring and investigation into the vaccines' long-term neurological impacts.
No experience necessary: the peer effects of intended entrepreneurs
Authors: Hacamo Isaac , Kleiner Kristoph 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Under a randomized setting, this article finds workers with entrepreneurial ambitions—intended entrepreneurs—are (1) far more common than workers with past entrepreneurial experience and (2) increase the rate of entrepreneurship among their peers. Peer effects are persistent, stronger for tighter networks, and extend to the decision to join a startup. As intended peers explain half of the variation in entrepreneurship rates in our sample, our results demonstrate that intended entrepreneurs, even those that never personally start a firm, represent a vital component of the entrepreneurial ecosystem.
Addressing the unspoken: sexual dysfunction in men with systemic lupus erythematosus, a call to action for rheumatologists
Authors: Carrillo Abril , Marengo-Rodríguez Daniela , Ibarra-Velasco-Siles Monserrat , Chávez-Barajas María José , Barrera-Vargas Ana , Pérez-García Luis Fernando , Merayo-Chalico Javier 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Sexual dysfunction (SD) is highly prevalent and multifactorial; nevertheless, recent research has shed light on a notable phenomenon: male patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) exhibit an elevated prevalence of sexual function disorders compared with the general population. Despite this recognition, the precise nature and extent of this association remain incompletely understood.

Objectives
This comprehensive review aims to clarify the link by providing an overview of the fundamental components of normal male sexual function, delving into the pathogenesis of male SD and exploring the primary factors predisposing male SLE patients to SD. Additionally, the review offers insights into potential screening, diagnostic, and treatment strategies based on the current body of literature.

Methods
A meticulous search of relevant literature was conducted using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases.

Results
Studies exploring the correlation between SLE and SD in both genders have revealed a nearly 2-fold increased risk of SD among individuals with SLE compared with healthy counterparts. Moreover, these studies suggest that male SLE patients may have a higher susceptibility to SD, with reported prevalence ranging from 12% to 68%, compared with 0% to 22% in healthy individuals. Male patients with SLE are influenced by a spectrum of pathological factors, including pharmacological, psychological, and disease-related determinants, which, through their intricate interplay, elevate the likelihood of developing SD.

Conclusion
Healthcare professionals must remain vigilant in understanding the intricacies of human sexuality and its dysfunction, particularly in males with SLE. The objective is to establish effective and potentially standardized methods for promptly diagnosing and optimally managing SD, recognizing its significant impact on the quality of life for males living with SLE. The pivotal role of rheumatologists in initiating discussions about sexual health, diagnosing SD, investigating causes, and implementing tailored strategies is underscored as crucial in addressing this multifaceted issue.
Jasmonic acid and heat stress induce high volatile organic compound emissions in Picea abies from needles, but not from roots
Authors: Meischner Mirjam , Dumberger Stefanie , Daber Lars Erik , Haberstroh Simon , Kreuzwieser Jürgen , Schnitzler Jörg-Peter , Werner Christiane 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Plants emit diverse volatile organic compounds from their leaves and roots for protection against biotic and abiotic stress. An important signaling cascade activated by aboveground herbivory is the jasmonic acid pathway that stimulates the production of volatile organic compounds. So far it remains unclear if the activation of this pathway also leads to enhanced volatile organic compound emissions from conifer roots, and how the interplay of above- and below-ground defenses in plants are affected by multiple stressors. Therefore, we simultaneously analyzed needle and root volatile organic compound emissions of Picea abies saplings, as well as CO2 and H2O fluxes in response to aboveground jasmonic acid treatment, heat stress and their interaction in a controlled climate chamber experiment. Continuous online volatile organic compound measurements by proton-transfer time-of-flight mass-spectrometry showed an inverse pattern of total needle and root volatile organic compound emissions, when plants were treated with jasmonic acid and heat. While needle sesquiterpene emissions increased ninefold 1 day after jasmonic acid application, total root volatile organic compound emissions decreased. This was mainly due to reduced emissions of acetone and monoterpenes by roots. In response to aboveground jasmonic acid treatment, root total carbon emitted as volatile organic compounds decreased from 31% to only 4%. While volatile organic compound emissions aboveground increased, net CO2 assimilation strongly declined due to jasmonic acid treatment, resulting in net respiration during the day. Interestingly, root respiration was not affected by aboveground jasmonic acid application. Under heat the effect of jasmonic acid on volatile organic compound emissions of needles and roots was less pronounced. The buffering effect of heat on volatile organic compound emissions following jasmonic acid treatment points towards an impaired defense reaction of the plants under multiple stress. Our results indicate efficient resource allocation within the plant to protect threatened tissues by a rather local volatile organic compound release. Roots may only be affected indirectly by reduced belowground carbon allocation, but are not involved directly in the jasmonic acid-induced stress response.