bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Note on the Leaf Miner Lithocolletis malimalifoliella Braun (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) as an Apple Pest in Quebec
Authors: LeRoux E. J. , Parent B. 
Published: January 2010

In 1953, 1954, and 1955 a species of leaf miner heavily infested leaves of apple trees in an orchard at Farnham, Que., causing severe damage to the crop. The pest was present on all apple varieties but was particularly abundant on Cortland. This infestation is apparently the first known to cause serious injury in Quebec.Specimens were determined by Dr. T. N. Freeman, Entomology Division, Ottawa, as of Lithocolletis malimalifoliella Braun. This pest has not been previously reported from the Province of Quebec. It has been reported as a persistent and sometimes serious pest of apple in the Annapolis Valley, N.S. (Cameron and Patterson, 1941; Patterson and Neary, 1943), but does not appear to have been reported elsewhere in Canada. Under Quebec conditions L. malimalifoliella has two complete generations and a partial third per year and overwinters in the pupal stage. A survey revealed the pest to be present in all major apple-growing areas of the province.
Annotated List of Spiders (Araneae) from Apple Trees in Nova Scotia
Authors: Dondale C. D. 
Published: January 2010

Orchard spiders are important because of their predatory activities and their frequent abundance. They were recngnizcd as a group needing study at the time Pickett et al. (1946) began their long-term investigation of orchard fauna. The identities of the species involved, and their influence on populations of orchard pests, are the main factors to be considered.This paper presents a list of the species collected in the Annapolis Valley of Nova Scotia to date, together with brief comments of a general nature. Spiders have been collected in about 40 orchards since 1954. These orchards were subjected to a variety of cultural and pest control methods by the owners, but most were in sod cultivation, and under modified spray programs as described by Pickett and Patterson (1953). Collecting was done mainly by capping lower branches of trees over an inverted, open umbrella, hut specimens were also taken individually from crevices along tree trunks, and from trays under fumigated trees.
Two New Species of the Genus Cinara Curtis (Homoptera: Aphididae) from Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.
Authors: Bradley G. A. 
Published: January 2010

Apterous viviparous femaleGeneral colour of body brown. In cleared specimens, the following parts are dark brown: head; thorax; cornicles; muscle attachment plates; spiracles; terminal segments of rostrum, including the distal portion of segment II; coxae; femora, except short areas near the bases; short distal portions, and short, indistinct areas at the bases of the tibiae; tarsi; antennal segments I and VI, and the distal half of IV and V. The remaining parts of the body and appendages are light yellowish-brown. The setae are long and numerous, giving the cleared specimens a conspicuously hairy appearance.
The GenusOrenaiain North America, with the Description of a New Species (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Munroe E. G. 
Published: January 2010

The most recent list of the North American species ofOrenaiawas given by McDunnough (1939: 14), who referred two species to the genus. In the present paper two nominal species are transferred fromTitaniotoOrenaia, one as a synonym, and a new species ofOrenaiais described.TitanioandOrenaiaagree in the reduced eyes, stout build, hairy vestiture, and noctuid-like facies. However, as was first shown by Müller-Rutz (1929), the genitalia ofOrenaiaare indistinguishable from those ofEvergestis, whereas those ofTitanioare of a very different type. The similarity in habitus of the two genera is undoubtedly the result of convergence.
Some Micro-organisms Associated with the Weevils Sitophilus granarius (L.) and Sitophilus oryza (L.), (Coleoptera): II. Population differences of mycetomal micro-organisms in different strains of S. granarius
Authors: Musgrave A. J. , Miller J. J. 
Published: January 2010

Certain kinds of micro-organisms occurring in close internal association with insects, and often harboured in apparently specialized organs, are, at least in some species, of benefit to the insects in supplying them with needed dietary constituents, e.g., vitamins of the B complex (3).During the past twenty years conflicting statements have been made about the presence of mycetomal micro-organisms in Sitophilus granarius (6, 11). Recently some general clarification has been achieved (9). It seems that while this species commonly harbours such micro-organisms, there exists an Egyptian strain apparently free of them. Furthermore, a variety africana, distinguishable by its smaller size and lighter colour, has been described from the Nile Valley (1, 5).
The Bark Beetle Complex Associated with Lodgepole Pine Slash in Alberta: Part III—Notes on the Biologies of Several Predators with Special Reference to Enoclerus sphegeus Fab. (Coleoptera: Cleridae) and Two Species of Mites
Authors: Reid R. W. 
Published: January 2010

The most important predators found with broods of Ips pini (Say) and Ips perroti Sw. belong to the orders Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, and Acarina.Among the Coleoptera, Enoclerus sphegeus Fab. was the most aggressive and responsible for the greatest predation. The small clerid, Thanasimus undulatus Say, was present in the area but rarely encountered. Dipterous predators included Loachea corticis Taylor, Oscinella sp. nr. magnipalpus Beck. and Medeterus modestus Van Duzee. A hemipterous egg predator, Anthocoris musculus Fall. was found occasionally within the main Ips galleries.
Some New Genera and Species of North American Cerambycidae (Coleoptera)
Authors: Linsley E. Gorton 
Published: January 2010

Hypermallus Casey (not Lacordaire), 1912, Mem. Coleopt. vol. 3, p. 292.Form elongate, slender to moderately robust, subcylindrical to moderately depressed. Head narrowly channeled between antennal bases; maxillary and labial palpi short, not very unequal, last segment slightly expanded; antennae moderately heavy, outer segments more or less flattened, often convex or carinate, third segment armed at inner apex with a moderate spine, those of following segments, if present, becoming successively shorter, outer angle of segments mute or armed with a small spine. Pronotum subcylindrical or rounded at the sides, usually with dorsal tubercles or calluses; prosternum with intercosal process arcuately declivous behind; episternum of metathorax narrow, nearly paralle-sided. Elytra with apices usually emarginate, usually bispinose. Legs slender; femora without apical spines.
Effects of Moisture during Starvation of Larvae of the Pale Western Cutworm, Agrotis orthogonia Morr. (Lepidoptera: Phalaenidae)
Authors: Jacobson L. A. , Blakeley P. E. 
Published: January 2010

Larvae of the pale western cutworm, Agrotis orthogonia Morr., feed almost entirely below ground, attacking their food plants just below the soil surface. Larval movement and feeding usually occur at the interface between dry and moist soil. They can absorb moisture from the soil and also from the plants on which they are feeding.In a previous investigation, Jacobson (1952) found that mortality from starvation varied directly with temperature and inversely with the size of larvae when the relative humidity was kept near 100 per cent. This paper is a report on the role of moisture during starvation.
Studies on Nervous System Anatomy of the Douglas Fir Beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopk. (Scolytidae)
Authors: Atkins M. D. , Chapman J. A. 
Published: January 2010

This paper describes the main anatomical features of the adult nervous system of the Douglas fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopk. The study on which it is based was carried out to provide a background for further work on the nervous system and as part of a program of investigation of the physiology and behaviour of scolytid beetles.Extensive comparative studies of coleopterous nervous system were made long ago by Blanchard (1846) and Brand (1879). Their descriptions of scolytid material are sketchy and brief, however, and because we can find no other treatment of the nervous system in the Scolytidae we are presenting this brief report on our work.
Development of Four Species of Aphids (Homoptera) on Potato
Authors: MacGillivray M. E. , Anderson G. B. 
Published: January 2010

In Eastern Canada four species of aphids, Macrosiphum solanifolii (Ashm.), Myzus persicae (Sulz.), Aulacorthum solani (Kltb.), and Aphis abbreviata Patch infest potatoes. Since 1953 it has been possible to rear the four species in the greenhouse throughout the year (MacGillivray, 1955).The life-histories of these species have been discussed by Patch (1925). The asexual phase of M. persicae has been studied by Horsfall (1924), Weed (1927), Bonnemaison (1951), and Sylvester (1954), and that of M. solanifolii by Smith (1919).
A Sequential Sampling Technique for Surveys of the Larch Sawfly
Authors: Ives W. G. H. , Prentice R. M. 
Published: January 2010

Sequential sampling methods have been developed for population surveys of a number of forest insects (4, 6, 7, 9). These methods permit rapid classification of populations into broad infestation classes with predetermined accuracy and a minimum of sampling, and are useful for mapping and recording widespread infestations.The method of assessing egg populations of the larch sawfly,Pristiphora erichsonii(Htg.), developed by Ives (3) for intensive population studies, was not suitable for surveys because of the large sample size required. A sequential plan for the larch sawfly using hypothetical infestation classes was briefly reviewed by Ives (2). This plan is modified in the present paper in accordance with new data that have accumulated from observations on plots in the Whiteshell Forest Reserve and other stands in Manitoba and Saskatchewan.
Laboratory Rearing of the Seed-corn Maggot, Hylemya cilicrura (Rond.) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)
Authors: McClanahan R. J. , Miller L. A. 
Published: January 2010

The seed-corn maggot, Hylemya cilicrura (Rond.), is a cosmopolitan pest and feeds on a wide range of hosts. The maggots cause extensive damage to seeds and seedlings of beans, soybeans, peas, corn, and cucurbits. Hitherto laboratory investigations have been hampered because the maggot has been very difficult to rear continuously.Biological studies have indicated that such diverse diets as soybeans (Harukawa et al., 1934), cottonseed meal and fish meal (Reid, 1940), and potato (Leach, 1926) serve to rear the maggot to the adult stage. However, it has been difficult to maintain an adult colony for the time required for mating and oviposition. Reid (1940) used field-collected flies as a source of eggs in his experiments, but failed to get a second generation. Successive generations were reared by Ristich (1950), who provided a high protein diet for adults held in glass cages; in attempts to follow this method at Chatham, only one complete generation could be reared. A more satisfactory method of rearing the species continuously is described in this paper.
Common Names of Insects
Authors: Eidt D. C. 
Published: January 2010

“And out of the ground the Lord God formed every beast of the field, and every fowl of the air: and brought them unto Adam to see what he would call them: and whatsoever Adam called every living creature, that was the name thereof.” – Genesis 2:19.There is such a great number of species of insects that Adam's task, at least in this great class of “beasts” is by no means finished. There are names of insects in every language of the world. There are also “scientific” Latin names governed by an agreed set of rules and are therefore the most accurate. They are truly international, but have meaning only for the entomologist and a few others. For this reason, the so-called “common” names, are used by the public, who are free to coin new ones whenever they like.
Note on Two Forms of Hypolithus bicolor Esch. (Coleoptera: Elateridae)
Authors: Zacharuk Russell Y. 
Published: January 2010

Collection and rearing records for 1951 to 1954 indicate that a parthenogenetic and a bisexual form of Hypolithus bicolor Esch. occur in Saskatchewan.Near White Fox, in the northeastern area of the Mixedwood Section, approximately 2,000 beetles were collected from their hibernation cells in the soil and from the soil surface, in fields of native sod, summer-fallow, and crop, at various times during the frost-free periods. All the beetles were female. Sixty beetles reared from larvae collected in this area were also females. Similarly, there were no males in a collection of approximately 300 beetles from near Meadow Lake, in the northwestern area of the Mixedwood Section, and in numerous smaller collections made in other parts of this section. Eleven beetles, all females, were reared from eggs laid by beetles of this parthenogenetic form collected near White Fox during the last week in May, 1952. After a storage period of four months at 38°F., seven of these first generation beetles laid viable eggs without mating. No attempt was made to rear the second generation larvae to the beetle stage.
A New Nearctic Species of Symballophthalmus Becker (Diptera: Empididae)
Authors: Chillcott J. G. 
Published: January 2010

The genus Symballophthalmus Becker, 1889 (= Marcroptera Becker, 1889, preocc.), was erected for Tachydromia dissimilis Fallén (= M. pictipes Becker). This species, known from central and northern Europe, has been the only one definitely referred to the genus.In 1954 and 1955, two male and two female specimens referable to this genus were collected in the vicinity of a spruce bog near Ottawa, Ontario, and five females were collected in Michigan during several years. These agree very well with the description of the type species except in the bristling of the front legs of the male and in details of the hypopygium.
A New Delphinium-Infesting Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Richards W. R. 
Published: January 2010

Apterous Viviparous FemaleHolotype.–Dorsum of head with six blunt or slightly clavate setae. Frontal tubercles well developed, smooth, diverging, each with one long, (blunt seta on dorsal surface and one or two on ventral surface. Antenna about as long as body, third segment expanded just distad of base to almost twice its basal diameter; 56 small, tubercle-like, secondary sensoria scattered along whole length of one third segment, 60 on other; one fourth segment with four secondary sensoria, the other with five; a single, large, primary sensorium near apex of each fifth segment, and one large one and five or six adjacent smaller ones near apices of basal portion of sixth segment; each small primary sensorium on sixth segment with a central papilla; all primary sensoria lacking marginal, cilia-like fimbriations. Antennal setae distinctly capitate and about equal in length to basal diameter of third segment. Lengths of antenna1 segments as follows: III, 0.85 mm.; IV, 0.4 mm.; V, 0.3 mm.; VI, 0.15-0.85 mm. Rostrum reaching slightly beyond middle coxae; apical segment 0.13 mm. long, with 17 slender pointed setae in addition to usual apical ones.
Description and Life History of a New Species of Cinara (Homoptera: Aphididae) from Pinus banksiana Lamb.
Authors: Bradley G. A. , Wighton D. C. 
Published: January 2010

Aphids of the species herein described as new can be readily distinguished from all other species in the genus Cinara by the unusual length of the unguis. The feeding site is also characteristic; this is the only species in the genus known to feed on the roots of Pinus banksiana.The species was first collected in 1956 at Lac La Ronge, Saskatchewan, by B. B. McLeod, of the Winnipeg Laboratory. In 1957 it was found by the authors at Cedar Lake, thirty miles north of Vermilion Bay, Ontario, where observations on the life history of the species were carried out.
A Revision of the Genus Ephemerella (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae): I. The Subgenus Timpanaga
Authors: Allen Richard K. , Edmunds George F. 
Published: January 2010

1927–Needham – Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 20: 108.1935–Traver – Biol. Mayflies, 565 (hecuba group).1954–Edmunds and Traver – Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 56: 238.1954– Demoulin – Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., 90: 324.The subgenus Timpanoga of the genus Ephemerella contains but a singIe species,Ephmerella hecuba Eaton. Needham (1927) derived the name for this subgenus from Mt. Timpanogos in north central Utah, after collecting specimens of Ephemerella hecuba in the nearby Provo River. He based the subgenus on the nymph which shows remarkable morphological distinction with its broad entire frontal shelf and its extremely flattened body.
New Oriental Trogini (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
Authors: Heinrich Gerd H. 
Published: January 2010

Type.-Neofacydes sinensis n.sp.Flagellum.—Female flagellum moderately long, lanceolate, widened beyond the middle and strongly attenuated at the apex; basal segments of the male flagellum cylindric, at the apes however obliquely cut and overlapping, becoming gradually more distinct nodose bevond the seventh segment.Head.—Occiput hardly emarginate, sloping down steeply behind the ocelli and eyes; cheek profile strongly narrowed with straight outline; median field of the face well defined; clypeus normal with straight apical border; frons concave; mandibles normal with small teeth.Thorax.—Mesoscutum moderately convex, a little longer than wide; scutellum pyramidal; propodeum as in Trogus Panzer, the area posteromedia wide, parallel-sided, the upper border arched; areae posteroexternae with strong lateral carinae.Legs.—Relatively long and slender.Abdomen.—Female abdomen oxypygous, similar in appearance to a Coelichneumon abdomen; surface of tergites 1-5 strongly aciculated, tergites 1-5 strongly separated, sometimes with sharp lateral edges, but not bulging laterally; postpetiolus with aciculate median field; gastrocoeli deep, transverse.
Immature Stages, Life Histories, and Behaviour of Two Hymenopterous Parasites of the European Pine Shoot Moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae)
Authors: Juillet J. A. 
Published: January 2010

Orgilus obscurator (Nees) (Braconidae) and Temelucha interruptor (Grav.) (Ichneumonidae), parasites of the European pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.), were imported from Europe and released in Waterloo County Reforestation Area, near Elmira, Ontario, from 1955 to 1959.O. obscurator is the only braconid of known economic importance as a parasite of the shoot moth in Europe (Thorpe, 1930). Recent importations showed that it is also the most abundant parasite of this host throughout Europe. The species was first imported from England in 1928, but was present in Canada earlier (Watson and Arthur, 1959) which suggests an earlier accidental introduction with the host. A total of 8,878 adults were released in Ontario in 1928 to 1949 (Coppel and Arthur, 1954) and 7,912 in 1955 to 1959.
Relationship between Grasshopper Abundance and Weather Conditions in Saskatchewan, 1930-1958
Authors: Edwards Roy L. 
Published: January 2010

The statement of Criddle (1917) that grasshopper outbreaks are associated with periods of dry weather has been repeated by many authors, but a close relationship has never been demonstrated.Parker (1933) showed that at six localities in the United States grasshopper outbreaks during the period 1915-1933 had been preceded by periods of two to four years when either rainfall had been below normal during May-June or temperature had been above normal during July-September. Similarly Smith (1954) concluded that between 1910 and 1953 outbreaks in Kansas had been preceded by two years of sub-normal rainfall. Parker's charts show that grasshopper outbreaks generally followed periods of hot weather, but the charts of both authors show that only about half the time did outbreaks follow periods of dry weather – a situation that could be largely due to chance.MacCarthy (1956) calculated the correlation coefficients between weather factors and populations of M. bilituratus (Walker) in five large areas of Saskatchewan during the period 1943-1952. His tables show generally insignificant correlation with total precipitation and only with mean minimum monthlv temperature in June of the previous year was there significant correlation in all five areas.The present investigation was undertaken in an attempt to determine whether a sufficiently close relationship between grasshopper populations and climate could be found for use in predicting grasshopper outbreaks.
Resistance to Low Temperatures of the Overwintering Stages of Two Introduced Parasites of the European Pine Shoot Moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae)
Authors: Juillet J. A. 
Published: January 2010

Two introduced hymenopterous parasites of the European pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.), are established and widely distributed in southern Ontario: the braconid Orgilus obscurator (Nees) and the ichneumonid Temelucha interruptor (Grav.). Though these two species are economically important in the control of the shoot moth in Europe, they have never become efficient in Canada. A possible cause of their lack of efficiency may be their susceptibility to low temperatures.This paper is a report on an investigation of the ability of these parasites to withstand low winter temperatures. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the resistance of the overwintering larval stages of the parasites to low temperatures. Field observations on the mortality of host and parasites were made at the Waterloo County Reforestation Area, Elmira, near Guelph, Ontario, during the winter of 1958–1959.
Life History of the Pine Tip Moth, Rhyacionia adana Heinrich, in Ontario (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae)
Authors: Martin J. Lynton 
Published: January 2010

Infestations of Rhyacionia adana Heinrich have almost certainly been common in young pine plantations throughout southern Ontario for a number of years, but, because resultant tree damage has been confused with that of the European pine shoot moth, R. buoliana (Schiff.), the species itself has been overlooked.Although R. adana was described in 1923 (Heinrich, 1923), the seasonal history has never been worked out, and even the host plants were not recorded until 1959 (Martin, 1959). In 1957, a study program was begun to learn the life history and habits of the species in Ontario, the results of which are presented here.
On the Life History of the Douglas-fir Cone Moth, Barbara colfaxiana (Kft.) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae), and one of its Parasites, Glypta evetriae Cush. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
Authors: Hedlin A. F. 
Published: January 2010

The Douglas-fir cone moth has been reported causing damage to cones and seeds of Douglas fir for a number of years; reports of seed loss range from light to almost 100 per cent. The insect occurs throughout the range of the host in British Columbia, the Pacific Coast States, and the Rocky Mountains.Observations recorded here were made during 1957 and 1958 in the Cowichan Lake area of Vancouver Island, and 1959 in the interior of British Columbia.
A Sampling Cage for Aquatic Insects
Authors: James H. G. , Nicholls C. F. 
Published: January 2010

Near Belleville, Ontario, it was necessary to take quantitative samples of predators in shallow pools in field studies of the natural control of mosquitoes. To expedite this work a light-weight sampling cage was constructed. Its description follows.The cage (Fig. 1, top) consists of an enclosure (A) and two sorting trays (B and C). The enclosure, covering one-half square metre, is of four screened frames, each 12 inches high. Each frame is of aluminum extrusions (Higgins-Homeshield Limited, Toronto, Ontario) of the types shown in details F and G. The extended flange on extrusion G, used at the right-hand side of each frame, provides a means of overlapping and fastening at the comers of the enclosure. After the frames are fastened together to form a square, pointed angle-aluminum legs (D) 16 inches long are fastened to each inside corner. Small braces are alio fastened across each corner to hold the enclosure in shape.