bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One‐pot synthesis of homogeneous CdSexS1−x alloyed quantum dots with tunable composition in a green N‐oleoylmorpholine solvent
Authors: Wang Binbin , Jiang Yang , Liu Chao , Lan Xinzheng , Liu Xinmei , Wang Wenjun , Duan Hongyan , Zhang Yugang , Li Shanying , Zhang Zhongping 
Published: December 2011

AbstractComposition‐tunable ternary CdSexS1−x quantum dots (shortened form, CdSeS QDs) with different emission colors were prepared via a non‐injection, one‐pot approach in a green N‐oleoylmorpholine solvent for the first time, with air‐stable compounds cadmium oxide (CdO), selenium (Se) powder, and sulfur (S) powder as Cd, Se, and S sources, respectively. The synthesis of ternary alloyed CdSeS QDs with homogeneous composition were performed by mixing cadmium oleate solution obtained from the reaction between CdO and oleic acid, and the premixed solution containing Se and S in N‐oleoylmorpholine solvent. The resulting CdSexS1−x QDs were characterized through UV–visible absorption spectrophotometer and fluorescence spectrophotometer, and they exhibited well‐resolved absorption feature and dominant band‐edge emission with a moderate size distribution (the full width at half maximum (FWHM) was 30–50 nm). The maximum photoluminescent (PL) quantum yield (QY) was as high as 60%. The high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images and powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns suggested that the as‐prepared ternary QDs possessed high crystalline and a cubic zinc‐blende structure. In addition, the results indicated that the similar reactivity between S/N‐oleoylmorpholine and Se/N‐oleoylmorpholine is responsible for the homogeneous structure of the as‐obtained CdSeS alloyed QDs. magnified image
The as‐prepared CdSexS1−x QDs exhibit sharp emission features and various colors.
Adenoviral load diagnostics by quantitative polymerase chain reaction: techniques and application
Authors: Ganzenmueller Tina , Heim Albert 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYHuman adenoviruses (HAdV) can cause fatal complications such as disseminated disease especially in a post‐transplant setting. With conventional methods, disseminated HAdV disease could only be diagnosed with delay. Quantification of the HAdV load by real‐time PCR in peripheral blood promised to solve this diagnostic dilemma. Here we review the development, applications and significance of quantitative HAdV PCR.The high genetic divergence of the 56 HAdV types was a major obstacle for developing a quantitative HAdV PCR covering all types. Several protocols focused either on a few, probably predominating types or tried to detect all known HAdV types by using a bundle of assays or a few multiplexed PCRs. Alternatively, generic quantitative real‐time HAdV PCR protocols using primer and probe consensus sequences have been designed, providing considerable reduction of costs and hands‐on time.Application of HAdV load testing by several studies on stem cell transplant (SCT) recipients indicated that rapidly increasing HAdV blood loads as well as high HAdV DNAemia (e.g. >104 copies/ml) are predictive for disseminated HAdV disease although a universal threshold value has not yet been established. HAdV load testing has been implemented for systematic screening of SCT patients permitting early diagnosis, pre‐emptive treatment initiation and monitoring of antiviral therapy. However, further investigations are required to validate proposed virus load thresholds.Moreover, other applications of quantitative HAdV PCR, such as the diagnosis of localized HAdV disease, the analysis of environmental samples and monitoring of gene therapy with adenoviral vectors will be addressed in this review. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reducing acid in dilute acid pretreatment and the impact on enzymatic saccharification
Authors: Chen Ye , Stevens Mark A , Zhu Yongming , Holmes Jason , Moxley Geoffrey , Xu Hui 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDilute acid pretreatment is a leading pretreatment technology for biomass to ethanol conversion due to the comparatively low chemical cost and effective hemicellulose solubilization. The conventional dilute acid pretreatment processes use relatively large quantities of sulfuric acid and require alkali for pH adjustment afterwards. Significant amounts of sulfate salts are generated as by-products, which have to be properly treated before disposal. Wastewater treatment is an expensive, yet indispensable part of commercial level biomass-to-ethanol plants. Therefore, reducing acid use to the lowest level possible would be of great interest to the emerging biomass-to-ethanol industry. In this study, a dilute acid pretreatment process was developed for the pretreatment of corn stover. The pretreatment was conducted at lower acid levels than the conventional process reported in the literature while using longer residence times. The study indicates that a 50% reduction in acid consumption can be achieved without compromising pretreatment efficiency when the pretreatment time was extended from 1–5 min to 15–20 min. To avoid undesirable sugar degradation and inhibitor generation, temperatures should be controlled below 170°C. When the sulfuric acid-to-lignocellulosic biomass ratio was kept at 0.025 g acid/g dry biomass, a cellulose-to-glucose conversion of 72.7% can be achieved at an enzyme loading of 0.016 g/g corn stover. It was also found that acid loading based on total solids (g acid/g dry biomass) governs the pretreatment efficiency rather than the acid concentration (g acid/g pretreatment liquid). While the acid loading on lignocellulosic biomass may be achieved through various combinations of solids loading and acid concentration in the pretreatment step, this work shows that it is unlikely to reduce acid use without undermining pretreatment efficiency simply by increasing the solid content in pretreatment reactors, therefore acid loading on biomass is indicated to be the key factor in effective dilute acid pretreatment.
Long‐term outcome and intervention of urea cycle disorders in Japan
Authors: Kido Jun , Nakamura Kimitoshi , Mitsubuchi Hiroshi , Ohura Toshihiro , Takayanagi Masaki , Matsuo Masafumi , Yoshino Makoto , Shigematsu Yosuke , Yorifuji Tohru , Kasahara Mureo , Horikawa Reiko , Endo Fumio 
Published: December 2011

AbstractUrea cycle disorders (UCDs) are one of the most frequently inherited metabolic diseases in Japan, with an estimated prevalence of 1 per 50,000 live births. Here, we investigated the clinical manifestations, treatment, and prognosis of 177 patients with UCDs who were evaluated and treated from January 1999 to March 2009. These included 77 cases of neonatal‐onset UCDs and 91 cases of late‐onset UCDs. The most common UCD was ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD), which accounted for 116 out of 177 patients. This result is similar to a previous study performed between 1978 and 1995 in Japan: OTCD accounted for about two‐thirds of the total number of UCD cases. We studied the relationship between prognosis and the peak blood ammonia level at the onset in 151 UCD patients. Compared with a previous survey conducted in Japan, we found that a greater number of patients survived without any mental retardation despite their peak blood ammonia levels being greater than 360 μmol/l. The 5‐year survival rate of patients with OTCD improved to 86% for those with the neonatal‐onset type and to 92% for those with the late‐onset type. We hypothesize that the increased survival rate is due to early diagnosis and better treatments that are now available in Japan. It is very important to diagnose and treat UCDs, especially OTCD, when the blood ammonia levels in patients are low. The outcome in patients with low blood ammonia levels was better than that in patients with high blood ammonia levels.
Women's decision making regarding choice of second trimester termination method for pregnancy complications
Authors: Kerns Jennifer , Vanjani Rachna , Freedman Lori , Meckstroth Karen , Drey Eleanor A. , Steinauer Jody 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo describe how women terminating a pregnancy for fetal or maternal complications decide between surgical (dilation and evacuation [D&E]) and medical abortion.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted among women who underwent D&E or medical abortion before 24 weeks of gestation for fetal anomalies or pregnancy complications at an academic medical center where both methods are offered. Women were interviewed by phone 1 week after the procedure about their counseling experiences and reasons for choosing a particular method. Data were analyzed by 3 researchers using a grounded theory approach, and interviews were stopped upon thematic saturation.ResultsOf the 21 women, 13 (62%) chose D&E and 8 (38%) chose medical abortion. Key themes that emerged from the interviews were valuing the ability to choose the method, and the importance of religious beliefs, abortion attitudes, and emotional coping style. Women's preferences for a method were largely based on their individual emotional coping styles.ConclusionDecisions to undergo D&E or medical abortion are highly personal and could affect how women recover after ending a desired pregnancy. Women should be offered counseling about and access to both methods. Understanding these decision processes may help when counseling women faced with these diagnoses and decisions.
Nonlinear landslide tsunami run-up
Authors: Özeren M. Sinan , Postacioglu Nazmi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractInhomogeneous nonlinear shallow-water equations are studied using the Carrier–Greenspan approach and the resulting equations are solved analytically. The Carrier–Greenspan transformations are commonly used hodograph transformations that transform the nonlinear shallow-water equations into a set of linear equations in which partial derivatives with respect to two auxiliary variables appear. Yet, when the resulting initial-value problem is treated analytically through the use of Green’s functions, the partial derivatives of the Green’s functions have non-integrable singularities. This has forced researchers to numerically differentiate the convolutions of the Green’s functions. In this work we remedy this problem by differentiating the initial condition rather than the Green’s function itself; we also perform a change of variables that renders the entire problem more easily treatable. This particular Green’s function approach is especially useful to treat sources that are extended in time; we therefore apply it to model the run-down and run-up of the tsunami waves triggered by submarine landslides. Another advantage of the method presented is that the parametrization of the landslide using sources is done within the integral algorithm that is used for the rest of the problem instead of treating the landslide-generated wave as a separate incident wave. The method proves to be more accurate than the techniques based on Bessel function expansions if the sources are very localized.
Assessment of predictive ability of Epworth scoring in screening of patients with sleep apnoea
Authors: Sil A , Barr G 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMethod:Numerous studies have considered the benefits, and the disadvantages, of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Following an extensive literature review, we found that the evidence was inconclusive as regards the diagnostic efficacy of Epworth scoring for obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. We undertook a retrospective study of 343 patients who underwent a sleep assessment over a 10-year period at the Monklands Hospital.Analysis and results:A total of 238 patients did not have sleep apnoea whereas 105 patients did. The mean Epworth score in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome was 10.94 (95 per cent confidence interval 9.46–11.42), and in the non-apnoeic group it was 7.73 (95 per cent confidence interval 7.04–8.41). Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess the predictive ability of Epworth scoring. The scores only explained 7–10 per cent of the variation in the probability of occurrence of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. The odds ratio for Epworth scoring was 1.118, and only 69 per cent of cases were correctly classified by the Scale.Conclusions:The literature review suggested that the Epworth Sleepiness Scale is associated with a low effect size and/or low predictive value when correlated or regressed on the Apnoea–Hypopnoea Index or Respiratory Disturbance Index, thus limiting its value as a screening test. Our study concluded that the Epworth Scale is only marginally useful in predicting the occurrence of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. We believe that every patient with a direct or witnessed history of sleep apnoea with obstructive symptoms have some form of sleep assessment.
An unusual otoscopic finding associated with a type II first branchial cleft anomaly
Authors: Ebelhar A J , Potts K 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjective:We report an interesting case involving a child with a branchial cleft anomaly with two fistulous tracts, one of which was associated with an unusual otoscopic finding.Case report:A seven-year-old girl presented with an apparent type II first branchial cleft cyst after an acute infection. Parotidectomy and excision of the tract were performed, with subsequent development of pre-auricular swelling three months later. Further surgery was performed to remove a second duplication anomaly of the external auditory canal. Otomicroscopy showed a fibrous band arising from the wall of the canal and attached to the tympanic membrane at the umbo.Conclusion:Otoscopic findings on physical examination can be important diagnostic clues in the early recognition of branchial cleft anomalies. The classification system proposed by Work may fail to describe some branchial cleft lesions.
Incremental benefits and cost of coordinated anxiety learning and management for anxiety treatment in primary care
Authors: Joesch J. M. , Sherbourne C. D. , Sullivan G. , Stein M. B. , Craske M. G. , Roy-Byrne P. 
Published: December 2011

BackgroundImproving the quality of mental health care requires integrating successful research interventions into ‘real-world’ practice settings. Coordinated Anxiety Learning and Management (CALM) is a treatment-delivery model for anxiety disorders encountered in primary care. CALM offers cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), medication, or both; non-expert care managers assisting primary care clinicians with adherence promotion and medication optimization; computer-assisted CBT delivery; and outcome monitoring. This study describes incremental benefits, costs and net benefits of CALM versus usual care (UC).MethodThe CALM randomized, controlled effectiveness trial was conducted in 17 primary care clinics in four US cities from 2006 to 2009. Of 1062 eligible patients, 1004 English- or Spanish-speaking patients aged 18–75 years with panic disorder (PD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social anxiety disorder (SAD) and/or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with or without major depression were randomized. Anxiety-free days (AFDs), quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and expenditures for out-patient visits, emergency room (ER) visits, in-patient stays and psychiatric medications were estimated based on blinded telephone assessments at baseline, 6, 12 and 18 months.ResultsOver 18 months, CALM participants, on average, experienced 57.1 more AFDs [95% confidence interval (CI) 31–83] and $245 additional medical expenses (95% CI $–733 to $1223). The mean incremental net benefit (INB) of CALM versus UC was positive when an AFD was valued ⩾$4. For QALYs based on the Short-Form Health Survey-12 (SF-12) and the EuroQol EQ-5D, the mean INB was positive at ⩾$5000.ConclusionsCompared with UC, CALM provides significant benefits with modest increases in health-care expenditures.
Decontextualized language production in two languages: An investigation of children's word definition skills in Korean and English
Authors: KANG JENNIFER YUSUN 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to identify factors that contribute to bilingual children's decontextualized language production and investigate how schooling experience and bilingualism affect the development of this skill. The word definition skills of seventy Korean–English bilingual children whose first language was Korean, yet who had been schooled in English, were analyzed. The findings indicate that contrary to the results from previous studies, the participants' decontextualized language production was much better in their home language than in their school language, when considering both the formal linguistic structure and the communicative adequacy of their word definitions. In addition, limited cross-language transfer across tasks was present and cross-language contribution was observed only in the children's ability to achieve communicative adequacy, but not in their ability to construct conventional definition syntax. The results are discussed in terms of the linguistic and typological distance between the two languages and the potential effects of language-learning contexts.
Narratives at work: what can stories of older athletesdo?
Authors: PHOENIX CASSANDRA , GRIFFIN MERIDITH 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTPrevious research has shown that young adults tend to identify and reinforce negative stereotypes of growing older. They can express both fear and trepidation regarding the bodily changes that occur with advancing age. With this in mind, in this paper we draw upon Frank's (2010) theoretical framework of socio-narratology to examine the work that stories cando. We take as a working example the impact that stories of ageing told by masters athletes might have upon young adults, and specifically their perceptions of (self-)ageing. Three focus groups were carried out with the young adults to examine their perceptions of (self-)ageing prior to and following their viewing of a digital story portraying images and narratives of mature, natural (‘drug-free’) bodybuilders. Our analysis pointed to a number specific capacities that stories of masters athletes might have, namely the potential to re-open young adults sense of narrative foreclosure, the stretching and expanding of existing imagined storylines, and increasing the availability of narrative options. We propose that understanding what stories can do, what they can do best, and the narrative environments that help and hinder this process is essential if our programmes and policies are to produce the results that are wanted.
Investigation of optical limiting characteristic based on the combination of stimulated Brillouin scattering and metal-phthalocyanine complex
Authors: Geng X.Z. , Hasi W.L.J. , Jin C.Y. , Lin D.Y. , He W.M. , Fan R.Q. , Lu Z.W. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this paper, a scheme of compound optical limiting based on nonlinear material dissolved into Brillouin medium is proposed. Both nonlinear material and Brillouin medium used as the solvent play roles of optical limiting, so the proposed optical limiting scheme presents a lower output clamp value and flatter output energy compared with the single stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). Compound optical limiting of F16PCCu/acetone is prepared and output energy characteristic based on it is studied in this paper. Both the theoretical and experimental results indicate that the output clamp value and output energy based on the compound method is lower and flatter than that based on single SBS optical limiting. Some properties of the compound optical limiting, such as limiting energy range, limiting waveband, response speed, limiting threshold and damage threshold, also are analyzed and discussed in the later part of this paper.
Screening for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in community-recruited injection drug users: are throat swabs necessary?
Authors: LLOYD-SMITH E. , HULL M. W. , HAWKINS D. , CHAMPAGNE S. , KERR T. , ROMNEY M. G. 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYWe examined and described colonization of MRSA in the anterior nares and throat from 184 community-recruited injection drug users. Thirty-seven (20%) were positive for MRSA: most (34, 92%) were carriers in the nares; while only three (8%) were carriers detected by throat swabs alone. The majority (29, 78%) of MRSA isolates were PVL positive.
What is a ventricle?
Authors: Anderson Robert H. , Mohun Timothy J. , Moorman Antoon F. M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractOn the basis of both developmental and morphological evidence, we would suggest that a ventricle is best defined as any chamber within the ventricular mass possessing an apical trabecular component. Such ventricles can be of right or left morphology, and always coexist. The ventricles are normally formed when possessing all three of the inlet, apical trabecular, and outlet components, but incomplete when lacking one or both of the inlet and outlet components. Ventricles that are incomplete because of lack of the inlet component are always hypoplastic, with incomplete right ventricles being positioned antero-superiorly within the ventricular mass, and incomplete left ventricles located postero-inferiorly. Patients having such incomplete ventricles because of the lack of the inlet component have functionally univentricular hearts, although the functionally univentricular arrangement can also be produced in the setting of normally constituted but hypertrophied ventricles. Full analysis of ventricular morphology, therefore, requires attention not only to component make-up, but also size.
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome and other left heart disease: evolution of understanding from population-based analysis to molecular biology and back again – a brief overview
Authors: Brenner Joel I. , Kuehl Karen 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCongenital cardiac disease is the most common birth defect, occurring in approximately 1 in 1000 live births. Congenital cardiac defects have associations, whether with gender, race, or specific chromosomal abnormalities, potentially allowing grouping of defects to be studied in an effort to develop an understanding of aetiological factors. The Baltimore-Washington Infant Study provides full ascertainment of a population of infants with congenital cardiac disease born in a defined geographic region. The fundamental hypotheses generated at the inception of the Baltimore-Washington Infant Study included the central idea that the outcome of birth, including the development of congenital cardiac malformations, was influenced by environmental factors and their route of introduction into a genetically susceptible host. Evidence exists that supports the concept that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of diseases of the left heart.
Echocardiography of hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Authors: Nguyen Thieu , Miller Michelle , Gonzalez Javier , Nardell Katherine , Galas James , John John B. , Timofeev Stan , Lambou Rich , Douglas Kathryn , Marx Gerald 
Published: December 2011

AbstractEchocardiography is critical in the assessment of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Fundamental techniques and standardised approaches are useful when evaluating patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome prenatally, after birth, and before the Norwood operation (Stage 1); after the Norwood operation, before and after the superior cavopulmonary anastomosis (Stage 2); before and after the Fontan operation (Stage 3); and for chronic surveillance after the Fontan operation. From foetal assessment to ongoing surveillance after the Fontan procedure, echocardiography remains the primary technique for cardiac monitoring in this growing population of children and adults.
The hybrid approach – current knowns and unknowns: the perspective of cardiology
Authors: Ringewald Jeremy M. , Stapleton Gary , Suh Elsa J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe hybrid approach to the treatment of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome most commonly includes transcatheter placement of a stent in the arterial duct and surgical placement of bands on the branch pulmonary arteries via median sternotomy. This manuscript will review the concept of hybrid palliation and discuss topics related to several time intervals: peri-procedural, post-procedural, interstage, and comprehensive stage 2.