bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyrolysis properties and kinetic model of an asphalt binder containing a flame retardant
Authors: Xu Tao , Huang Xiaoming 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this study, thermogravimetry (TG) experiments were employed to study the influence of magnesium hydroxide (MH) on the pyrolysis characteristics of an asphalt binder. Pyrolysis models of the asphalt binder were developed to reveal the flame‐retarding mechanism of MH. The TG experimental results showed that the pyrolysis process of the asphalt binder in N2 was a one‐stage reaction. The asphalt binder containing MH had a higher residue yield ratio at a high temperature, and TG and differential TG curves showed a dramatic shift toward higher temperatures with an increase in the MH concentration; this indicated that MH inhibited the thermal decomposition of the asphalt binder. By optimal identification of the pyrolysis mechanism function, the pyrolysis reaction of the asphalt binder was found to follow the model of one‐dimensional diffusion (parabolic law), whereas that of the flame‐retarding asphalt binder followed the model of three‐dimensional diffusion (the Ginstling–Brounshtein equation). On the basis of the models, the calculation results for the pseudo activation energy indicated that the thermal stability of the asphalt binder in the pyrolysis process was obviously improved by the addition of MH. We conclude that the flame retardancy of asphalt binders can be enhanced by the use of MH, and MH may be a potential flame retardant for asphalt binders used in tunnel asphalt pavement. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Effect of vegetable‐based polyols in unimodal glass‐transition polyurethane slabstock viscoelastic foams and some guidance for the control of their structure–property behavior. I
Authors: Vaughan Benjamin R. , Wilkes Garth L. , Dounis Dimitrios V. , McLaughlin Cam 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe investigated the synthesis and structure–property behaviors of two types of vegetable‐oil polyols (soy oil and castor oil) and their use in viscoelastic (VE) polyurethane foams (PUFs). This article is the first in a two‐part series. In this initial part, we principally address the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) behavior of these foams in conjunction with information on the cellular morphology, sol fraction, and rise and reaction temperature profile behavior (the latter two parameters were determined during the foaming process). Particular emphasis is placed on the DMA damping characteristics, which represent one of the most critical parameters in the application of VE PUFs. It is also shown that the damping characteristics could be modified in such foams by the variation of the isocyanate/hydroxyl (×100) index, the addition of plasticizer, and in the case of soy polyols, the soy content. The frequency dependence of the VE PUFs is also briefly addressed. In the second article in this series, which directly follows this article, we further address the details of other relevant physical properties of these same foams in view of their applied nature. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Crystallization, morphology, and electrical properties of bio‐based poly(trimethylene terephthalate)/poly(ether esteramide)/ionomer blends
Authors: Kobayashi Toshikazu , Wood Barbara A. , Takemura Akio 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBio‐based poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) and poly(ether esteramide) (PEEA) blends were prepared by melt processing with varying weight ratios (0–20 wt %) of ionomers such as lithium‐neutralized poly(ethylene‐co‐methacrylic acid) copolymer (EMAA‐Li) and sodium‐neutralized poly(ethylene‐co‐methacrylic acid) copolymer (EMAA‐Na). The blends were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), polarized light microscopy (PLM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). DSC and PLM results showed that EMAA‐Na increased the crystallization rate for PTT significantly, whereas EMAA‐Li did not enhance the crystallization rate at all. Specific interactions between PEEA and ionomers were confirmed by DSC and TEM. Electrostatic performance was also investigated for those PTT blends because PEEA is known as an ion‐conductive polymer. Here, we confirmed that both sodium and lithium ionomers work as a synergist to enhance the static decay performance of PTT/PEEA blends. Morphological study of these ternary blends systems was conducted by TEM. Dispersed ionomer domains were encapsulated by PEEA, which increases the interfacial surface area between PEEA and the PTT matrix. This encapsulation effect explains the unexpected synergy for the static dissipation performance on addition of ionomers to PTT/PEEA blends. This core–shell morphology can be predicted by calculating spreading coefficient for the ternary blends. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Coating of cotton yarn with poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone) crosslinked via ultraviolet radiation
Authors: Immich Ana Paula Serafini , de Araújo Pedro Henrique Hermes , Catalani Luiz Henrique , de Souza Selene M. A. Guelli Ulson , de Souza Antônio Augusto Ulson 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe coating of cotton fiber is used in the textile industry to increase the mechanical resistance of the yarn and their resistance to vibration, friction, impact, and elongation, which are some of the forces to which the yarn is subjected during the weaving process. The main objective of this study was to investigate the use of synthetic hydrophilic polymers, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and poly(N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone) (PVP) to coat 100% cotton textile fiber, with the aim of giving the fiber temporary mechanical resistance. For the fixation of the polymer on the fiber, UV‐C radiation was used as the crosslinking process. The influence of the crosslinking process was determined through tensile testing of the coated fibers. The results indicated that UV‐C radiation increased the mechanical resistance of the yarn coated with PVP by up to 44% and the yarn coated with PVA by up to 67% compared with the pure cotton yarn, that is, without polymeric coating and crosslinking. This study is of great relevance, and it is important to consider that UV‐C radiation dispenses with the use of chemical substances and prevents the generation of toxic waste at the end of the process. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Serrated Flippers and Directional Asymmetry in the Appendicular Skeleton of the Commerson's Dolphin (Cephalorhynchus commersonii)
Authors: Gómez‐Campos Encarna , Aguilar Alex , Goodall R. Natalie P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPresence of saw‐toothed structures (serrations) on the leading edge of the flippers in the Commerson's dolphin and their relation with directional asymmetry in the appendicular skeleton were investigated in individuals from the Tierra del Fuego population, Argentina. Serrations were more frequent in the left flipper than in the right (P < 0.001) and in males than in females (P < 0.001). Serration length was significantly longer in the left flipper than in the right (P = 0.023), in males than in females (P = 0.004), and in older individuals than young (P < 0.001). The length of the radius (P = 0.028) and the length (P = 0.004), width (P < 0.001) and weight (P = 0.006) of the scapula showed significant directional asymmetry favoring the right side, whereas the length (P < 0.001) and width (P < 0.001) of the second digit favored the left side. The asymmetry appears to be innate in the species but is likely to be enhanced by differential mechanical stress between flippers as a result of lateralized behavior. We propose that the left flipper would be more flexible and preferably used in sensory or tactile activities that involve the serrations, whereas the right flipper would be more responsible for actions requiring a larger muscular exercise, possibly related to the maintenance of stability during swimming. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aspirin alters methotrexate disposition in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Stewart Clinton F. , Fleming Ronald A. , Germain Bernard F. , Seleznick Mitchel J. , Evans William E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIntravenous methotrexate (MTX) (10 mg), either alone or with oral aspirin (ASA) (3,900 mg/day), was administered to 15 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Systemic and renal clearance of MTX were lower, and the unbound fraction of MTX was higher when patients were also receiving ASA than when taking MTX alone. No acute hematologic, renal, or hepatic toxicity was observed with either treatment. The findings of this study therefore indicate that concomitant aspirin therapy acutely alters the clearance of low‐dose MTX in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Absorbed dose profiles for radionuclides of frequent use in radiation synovectomy
Authors: Scott L. Johnson , Yanch Jacquelyn C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAbsorbed dose profiles are presented for radionuclides of frequent or potential use in radiation synovectomy, an intraarticular technique aimed at treating rheumatoid arthritis through direct and highly selective irradiation of inflamed synovium. The radionuclides investigated were 198Au, 165Dy, 32P, 186Re, 90Y, and 166Ho. These profiles reveal the absorbed dose imparted per unit activity of injected radionuclide (Gy/mCi) as a function of penetration distance (mm) to major components of the arthritic synovial joint. Their usefulness is twofold: they can be employed to select the radionuclide best suited to achieving the proper depth of penetration in tissue (approximating the thickness of the inflamed synovium) and to determine, a priori, the necessary dose of radioactivity (delivering an absorbed dose sufficient to effectively treat all the diseased tissue). The extent of radiation of other synovial joint components, such as bone and articular cartilage, and how the advancing rheumatoid arthritis can be expected to alter the extent and pattern of absorbed dose penetration in the joint are also discussed.
Immunoglobulin heavy chain constant‐region gene polymorphism in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Martinez‐Tarquino C. , Maria‐Forte A. , Kumar Priti , Alarcon‐Segovia D. , Granados J. , Pandey J. P. , Buxbaum J. , Schur Peter H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with immunoglobulin allotypes in several ethnic groups. In this study, we investigated the association of a Bst EII immunoglobulin heavy chain constant‐region gene restriction fragment length polymorphism with SLE in patients from the US and Mexico. A 3‐kb restriction fragment was observed with significantly decreased frequency in randomly selected Mexican SLE patients and in Mexican SLE patients in multiplex families. However, no such association was observed in SLE patients from the US. Thus, the absence of a 3.0‐kb Bst EII restriction fragment from immunoglobulin heavy chain constant‐region genes provides a marker for SLE in Mexican individuals.
Temporal arteritis with low erythrocyte sedimentation rate: A review of five cases
Authors: Wise Christopher M. , Agudelo Carlos A. , Chmelewski Walter L. , Mcknight Kevin M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe compared 5 patients who had biopsy‐proven temporal arteritis and erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESR) <50 mm/hour with 25 patients who had temporal arteritis and high ESR and with 10 patients who had negative temporal artery biopsy results and low ESR. Patients with low‐ESR temporal arteritis were similar to the other groups, except that they had a higher mean hemoglobin level than the high‐ESR group and a significant increase in the percentage of patients (4 of 5) who had a previous diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica or had received steroid therapy compared with either of the other groups. The latter finding suggests that even low‐dose steroid therapy can lower the ESR in patients with temporal arteritis. We conclude that the ESR is low in only a small percentage of patients with temporal arteritis, and that most of these patients have a history of polymyalgia rheumatica or steroid therapy.
Primary pulmonary hypertension in a patient with systemic‐onset juvenile arthritis
Authors: Padeh Shai , Laxer Ronald M. , Silver Meredith M. , Silverman Earl D. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe describe a 16‐year‐old girl with systemic‐onset juvenile arthritis who presented with pulmonary hypertension, without evidence of pleural or parenchymal involvement of the lung, pulmonary vasculitis, or immune deposition in the pulmonary vasculature. Pleuropulmonary involvement occurs occasionally in juvenile arthritis, but primary pulmonary hypertension has not, to our knowledge, been previously reported. Histocompatibility typing showed positivity for HLA‐DR3 and DRw52, both of which are associated with idiopathic pulmonary hypertension in children, and with pulmonary hypertension among patients with systemic sclerosis. Treatment with cyclosporine and corticosteroids resulted in a marked improvement in the clinical findings and pulmonary function in our patient.
Induction of arthritis in rats by soluble peptidoglycan‐polysaccharide complexes produced by human intestinal flora
Authors: Kool Jeanette , Ruseler‐Van Embden Johanneke G. H. , Van Lieshout Leo M. C. , De Visser Hendrik , Gerrits‐Boeye Marjolein Y. , Van Den Berg Wim B. , Hazenberg Maarten P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPeptidoglycan‐polysaccharide complexes were isolated from feces of a healthy subject and from ileostomy fluid from 5 patients. Peptidoglycan‐polysaccharide complexes were tested for arthritogenicity in a rat model, by subcutaneous injection in Freund's incomplete adjuvant. Complexes from the healthy subject did not induce arthritis, but those from ileostomy fluid of 1 of the patients induced severe, chronic joint inflammation. We concluded that peptidoglycan‐polysaccharide complexes from intestinal flora are potentially arthritogenic in rats. This arthritogenicity may be influenced by the content of muramic acid and rhamnose in these complexes.
Acyl glucuronides: the good, the bad and the ugly
Authors: Regan Sophie L. , Maggs James L. , Hammond Thomas G. , Lambert Craig , Williams Dominic P. , Park B. Kevin 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAcyl glucuronidation is the major metabolic conjugation reaction of most carboxylic acid drugs in mammals. The physiological consequences of this biotransformation have been investigated incompletely but include effects on drug metabolism, protein binding, distribution and clearance that impact upon pharmacological and toxicological outcomes. In marked contrast, the exceptional but widely disparate chemical reactivity of acyl glucuronides has attracted far greater attention. Specifically, the complex transacylation and glycation reactions with proteins have provoked much inconclusive debate over the safety of drugs metabolised to acyl glucuronides. It has been hypothesised that these covalent modifications could initiate idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions. However, despite a large body ofin vitrodata on the reactions of acyl glucuronides with protein, evidence for adduct formation from acyl glucuronidesin vivois limited and potentially ambiguous. The causal connection of protein adduction to adverse drug reactions remains uncertain. This review has assessed the intrinsic reactivity, metabolic stability and pharmacokinetic properties of acyl glucuronides in the context of physiological, pharmacological and toxicological perspectives. Although numerous experiments have characterised the reactions of acyl glucuronides with proteins, these might be attenuated substantiallyin vivoby rapid clearance of the conjugates. Consequently, to delineate a relationship between acyl glucuronide formation and toxicological phenomena, detailed pharmacokinetic analysis of systemic exposure to the acyl glucuronide should be undertaken adjacent to determining protein adduct concentrationsin vivo. Further investigation is required to ascertain whether acyl glucuronide clearance is sufficient to prevent covalent modification of endogenous proteins and consequentially a potential immunological response. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduction of the earth's magnetic field inhibits growth rates of model cancer cell lines
Authors: Martino Carlos F. , Portelli Lucas , McCabe Kevin , Hernandez Mark , Barnes Frank 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSmall alterations in static magnetic fields have been shown to affect certain chemical reaction rates ex vivo. In this manuscript, we present data demonstrating that similar small changes in static magnetic fields between individual cell culture incubators results in significantly altered cell cycle rates for multiple cancer‐derived cell lines. This change as assessed by cell number is not a result of apoptosis, necrosis, or cell cycle alterations. While the underlying mechanism is unclear, the implications for all cell culture experiments are clear; static magnetic field conditions within incubators must be considered and/or controlled just as one does for temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration. Bioelectromagnetics 31:649–655, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cybernetic models based on lumped elementary modes accurately predict strain‐specific metabolic function
Authors: Song Hyun‐Seob , Ramkrishna Doraiswami 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn a recent article, Song and Ramkrishna (Song and Ramkrishna [2010]. Biotechnol Bioeng 106(2):271–284) proposed a lumped hybrid cybernetic model (L‐HCM) towards extracting maximum information about metabolic function from a minimum of data. This approach views the total uptake flux as distributed among lumped elementary modes (L‐EMs) so as to maximize a prescribed metabolic objective such as growth or uptake rate. L‐EM is computed as a weighted average of EMs where the weights are related to the yields of vital products (i.e., biomass and ATP). In this article, we further enhance the predictive power of L‐HCMs through modifications in lumping weights with additional parameters that can be tuned with data viewed to be critical. The resulting model is able to make predictions of diverse metabolic behaviors varying greatly with strain types as evidenced from case studies of anaerobic growth of various Escherichia coli strains. Incorporation of the new lumping formula into L‐HCM remarkably improves model predictions with a few critical data, thus presenting L‐HCM as a dynamic tool as being not only qualitatively correct but also quantitatively accurate. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:127–140. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reaction engineering analysis of hydrogenotrophic production of acetic acid by Acetobacterium woodii
Authors: Demler Martin , Weuster‐Botz Dirk 
Published: September 2010

AbstractGreat interest has emerged in biological CO2‐fixing processes in the context of current climate change discussions. One example for such a process is the hydrogenotrophic production of acetic acid by anaerobic microorganisms. Acetogenic microorganisms make use of carbon dioxide in the presence of hydrogen to produce acetic acid and biomass. In order to establish a process for the hydrogenotrophic production of acetic acid, the formation of acetate by Acetobacterium woodii was studied in a batch‐operated stirred‐tank bioreactor at different hydrogen partial pressures (pH2) in the gas phase. The volumetric productivity of the batch processes increased with increasing hydrogen partial pressure. A maximum of the volumetric productivity of 7.4 gacetate L−1 day−1 was measured at a pH2 of 1,700 mbar. At this pH2 a final acetate concentration of 44 g L−1 was measured after a process time of 11 days, if the pH was controlled at pH 7.0 (average cell density of 1.1 g L−1 cell dry weight). The maximum cell specific actetate productivity was 6.9 gacetate g day−1 under hydrogenotrophic conditions. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108: 470–474. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Plasmid DNA fermentation strain and process‐specific effects on vector yield, quality, and transgene expression
Authors: Carnes Aaron E. , Luke Jeremy M. , Vincent Justin M. , Schukar Angela , Anderson Sheryl , Hodgson Clague P. , Williams James A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIndustrial plasmid DNA manufacturing processes are needed to meet the quality, economy, and scale requirements projected for future commercial products. We report development of a modified plasmid fermentation copy number induction profile that increases gene vaccination/therapy vector yields up to 2,600 mg/L. We determined that, in contrast to recombinant protein production, secretion of the metabolic byproduct acetate into the media had only a minor negative effect on plasmid replication. We also investigated the impact of differences in epigenetic dcm methylase‐directed cytosine methylation on plasmid production, transgene expression, and immunogenicity. While Escherichia coli plasmid production yield and quality are unaffected, dcm− versions of CMV and CMV‐HTLV‐I R promoter plasmids had increased transgene expression in human cells. Surprisingly, despite improved expression, dcm− plasmid is less immunogenic. Our results demonstrate that it is critical to lock the plasmid methylation pattern (i.e., production strain) early in product development and that dcm− strains may be superior for gene therapy applications wherein reduced immunogenicity is desirable and for in vitro transient transfection applications such as AAV production where improved expression is beneficial. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108: 354–363. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enzymatic synthesis of L‐lactic acid from carbon dioxide and ethanol with an inherent cofactor regeneration cycle
Authors: Tong Xiaodong , El‐Zahab Bilal , Zhao Xueyan , Liu Youyan , Wang Ping 
Published: September 2010

AbstractEfficient conversion of carbon dioxide is of great interests to today's endeavors in controlling greenhouse gas emission. A multienzyme catalytic system that uses carbon dioxide and ethanol to produce L‐lactate was demonstrated in this work, thereby providing a novel reaction route to convert bio‐based ethanol to an important building block for synthesis biodegradable polymers. The synthetic route has a unique internal cofactor regeneration cycle, eliminating the need of additional chemical or energy for cofactor regeneration. Lactate was successfully synthesized with 41% of ethanol converted in a batch reaction, while a turnover number of 2.2 day−1 was reached for cofactor regeneration in a reaction with continuous feeding of ethanol. A kinetic model developed based on reaction kinetic parameters determined separately for each reaction step predicted well the reaction rates and yields of the multienzyme reaction system. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108: 465–469. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.