bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trabeculectomy with OloGen versus trabeculectomy for the treatment of glaucoma: a pilot study
Authors: Papaconstantinou Dimitris , Georgalas Ilias , Karmiris Efthimios , Diagourtas Andreas , Koutsandrea Chrysanthi , Ladas Ioannis , Apostolopoulos Michalis , Georgopoulos Gerasimos 
Published: November 2009

Abstract.Purpose:  To present the preliminary results of our study comparing the outcomes of trabeculectomy with or without OloGen implant in patients requiring glaucoma surgery for uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP).Methods:  Forty eyes of 40 patients were assigned randomly to undergo trabeculectomy either with OloGen implant (study group) or without implant (control group). Preoperative data included age, gender, type of glaucoma, IOP and number of preoperative glaucoma medications. Postoperative IOP, number of postoperative glaucoma medications and postoperative complications were recorded. Each patient was followed up for at least 6 months.Results:  There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of age, gender, type of glaucoma, preoperative IOP and number of antiglaucoma medications. Mean IOPs for both groups were significantly lower than preoperative levels at all intervals (P < 0.05) The number of glaucoma medications used dropped from a preoperative mean of 3.5 ± 0.7 to a 6‐month postoperative mean of 0.3 ± 0.7 (P < 0.001) in the study group and from 3.7 ± 0.4 to 0.5 ± 1.1 (P < 0.001) in the control group. No statistically significant differences between the two groups were observed in terms of postoperative complications.Conclusion:  In this pilot study it appears that trabeculectomy with OloGen does not seem to offer any significant advantages compared with trabeculectomy alone. Additionally, even though there were no statistical differences between the two groups as far as complications were concerned, one eye from the study group developed endophthalmitis 10 days after surgery and two eyes presented with positive Seidel test and flat anterior chamber and required additional suturing. Studies with larger numbers of patients and longer follow‐ups are required to confirm these findings and to examine the safety and long‐term outcomes of trabeculectomy with OloGen.
Visual improvement in central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) following intravitreal injections of bevacizumab (Avastin®)
Authors: Algvere Peep V. , Von Wendt Gunvor , Gudmundsson Johann , Seregard Stefan , Kvanta Anders 
Published: November 2009

Acta Ophthalmol. 2010: 88: 836–841Abstract.Purpose:  To perform a prospective study on central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) to evaluate whether visual acuity can be improved and macular oedema reduced in response to intravitreal injections of bevacizumab.Methods:  The case material comprised 13 patients (aged 34–79 years), duration of CRVO was 2 weeks to 6 months, baseline ETDRS visual acuity 0.06–0.4 (mean Snellen 0.13, derived from logMAR value) and intraocular pressure (IOP) 12–20 (mean 15.2) mmHg. Clinical examination, including optical coherence tomography (OCT), was carried out at baseline and every 6 weeks, digital fluorescein angiography at baseline, at 3 months and 6 months. Intravitreal injections of bevacizumab (1.25 mg) were given under microscopic control at baseline and every 6 weeks during the 6‐month follow‐up.Results:  Following one intravitreal injection of bevacizumab, average visual acuity improved by 13 ETDRS letters at 1 month (p < 0.05) and in response to 4 injections by 24 letters (logMAR 0.48) at 6 months (p < 0.05). Foveal thickness as measured by OCT decreased from 596 μm at baseline to 288 μm at 6 months (p < 0.05) concomitant with resorption of intra‐ and subretinal fluid. IOP ranged from 10 to 24 (17.3) mmHg at 6‐month follow‐up. No adverse events occurred.Conclusions:  In response to four intravitreal injections of bevacizumab during 6 months, a substantial improvement in visual acuity and reduction in central retinal thickness were achieved. A randomized clinical trial is warranted to further evaluate the efficacy and safety of this treatment modality.
Plunging Wave Forces on Surface-Piercing Structures
Authors: Chan E.-S. , Melville W. K. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
An experimental study of deepwater plunging wave loads on vertical walls and cylinders is reported. Simultaneous measurements of the forces and pressures are obtained. The characteristics of the impact loads are presented and the scaling of pressures from model results to prototype scales is discussed. Overall, the characteristics of forces and pressures vary systematically with the structure’s location relative to the wave-breaking location. Impacts on cylinders are similar to those on a flat plate; however, the presence of the wall has a larger influence on the dynamics of impact compared to that of the cylinder.
Random Extreme Wave Analysis of Deepwater Structures
Authors: Chen C. Y. , Armbrust S. , Llorente C. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
This paper reviews various wave analysis procedures for designing deepwater structures under an extreme seastate. The random wave analysis procedures suitable for fixed stiff platforms and compliant towers are discussed. The random wave analysis procedures are then applied to a 1350-ft water depth fixed platform. The reduction in design force levels due to random waves is indicated by comparing with the conventional regular wave analysis approach. The second harmonic effects due to waves can be easily identified through the dynamic response spectrum which has two peaks occurring at the peak frequency of the input wave spectrum and the natural frequency of the structure. The study also shows that the expected extreme value estimated based on the upcrossing approach agrees well with the snapshot peak response derived from a wave record containing an extreme wave height.
The Effect of Sub-Surface Irregularities on the Strength of
Multi-Year Ice
Authors: Hallam S. D. , Jones N. , Howard M. W. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Presented in this paper is a simple two-dimensional model to examine the effects of sub-surface irregularities on the strength of multi-year ice. The irregularities cause bending moments which can lead to surface tensile stresses. When these tensile stresses are sufficiently high for crack nucleation to occur, a very brittle fracture of the entire ice sheet will ensue. The fracture is brittle because, for the large grain sizes in the natural ice cover, the stress required for crack nucleation is greater than that necessary to propagate a crack. The theory has been examined with experimental laboratory tests on columnar ice. The importance and significance of the results are that old thick multi-year ice in winter conditions may be substantially weaker than expected, and thus it is the limited strength of the multi-year ice that may dominate design ice forces on arctic structures rather than a limited driving force.
Dynamic Characteristics of Heat Exchanger Tubes Vibrating in a Tube
Support Plate Inactive Mode
Authors: Jendrzejczyk J. A. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Tubes in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, including nuclear plant steam generators, derive their support from longitudinally positioned tube support plates (TSPs). Typically, there is a clearance between the tube and TSP hole. Depending on design and fabrication tolerances, the tube may or may not contact all of the TSPs. Non-contact results in an inactive TSP which can lead to detrimental flow-induced tube vibrations under certain conditions dependent on the resulting tube-TSP interaction dynamics and the fluid excitation forces. The purpose of this study is to investigate the tube-TSP interaction dynamics. Results of an experimental study of damping and natural frequency as functions of tube-TSP diametral clearance and TSP thickness are reported. Calculated values of damping ratio and frequency of a tube vibrating within an inactive TSP are also presented together with a comparison of calculated and experimental quantities.
Simplified, Detailed, and Isochronous Analysis and Test Results for
the In-Plane Elastic-Plastic and Creep Behavior of an Elbow
Authors: Sobel L. H. , Newman S. Z. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Predictions obtained from simplified and detailed MARC analyses are compared with experimental results for the elastic-plastic and creep behavior of a 16-in-dia 304 stainless steel piping structure subjected to an in-plane closing bending moment. The piping structure is composed of a 90-deg elbow and two straight tangent pipes. The simplified analysis is found to considerably overestimate the measured results, especially for the case of creep behavior. The correlation of detailed analysis predictions with measured results is satisfactory for the elastic-plastic behavior of the structure, and inconclusive for the creep behavior, since the creep predictions are based on a commonly used creep law rather than on the actual (but unmeasured) creep properties. The paper also shows that predictions of creep deformation obtained from the relatively inexpensive time-independent isochronous method of analysis agree well with results given by a “complete” and more costly time-dependent creep analysis.
Analysis of J-Integral and Crack Growth for Surface
Cracks by Line Spring Method
Authors: Miyoshi T. , Shiratori M. , Yoshida Y. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
This paper describes the analysis of J-integral and crack growth for the surface cracks in work-hardening bodies. First, the complementary energy method has been formulated, which evaluates the stiffness and J-integral of the single-edge-cracked plate under combined tension and bending. Next, the complementary energy method has been combined with the thick shell line spring method in order to analyze the J-integral and crack growth for the surface cracks. It has been shown that the J-integral and crack growth for the surface cracks in work-hardening plates and shells can be analyzed by this method in short computing time and with good accuracy.
Evaluation of the J-Integral of a Crack in a
Pressure Vessel Under Thermal Transient Loadings
Authors: Kikuchi M. , Miyamoto H. , Sugawara S. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
To assure the safe design of reactor vessels, the parameters of the fracture mechanics are evaluated for an assumed crack subjected to internal pressure and thermal loading. Several kinds of cracks are assumed to exist in the pressure vessel and two and three-dimensional finite element analyses are carried out. As the parameters of fracture, the J-integral and extended ones for a thermal field and a multi-phase material are used. The effect of the cladding on the J values is evaluated and discussed. It is shown that the contraction of the vessel wall, due to the decrease of the temperature at the inner surface, strongly affects the J value. Though three-dimensional analyses, the shape of the growing surface crack is estimated from the distribution of the J values along the crack front.
Analytical Simulation of Dynamically Equivalent
Components
Authors: Ibrahim Z. N. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
The inertia concept of modal mass was developed to provide a consistent methodology for establishing an analytically equivalent dynamic model of any discrete section within a complex piping network. The multidegree of freedom system is reduced to several multiple excitation single degree of freedom (SDOF) systems representing its modal masses and modal stiffnesses. The multiple excitation residual mass and residual stiffness matrices were also formulated. The combination of modal mass-modal stiffness SDOF systems and residual mass-residual stiffness matrices can simulate the complete dynamic characteristic of any desired portion of the piping network. This technique was extended to cover substructuring applications, and was proved mathematically to be equivalent to the conventional modal synthesis formulation.
Hydrodynamic Pressures on Tanks by Momentum Balance
Authors: Haroun M. A. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
The application of the momentum balance method for the evaluation of the hydrodynamic pressures in a seismically excited rectangular tank is examined. The method was originally reported by Von Karman and has been recently rationalized by Housner. It uses two apparent masses derived according to the momentum balance in both the vertical and the horizontal directions. The application of the method in a seismic analysis of tanks has clarified a misinterpretation originally associated with the method. Both rigid and flexible tanks are treated, and the resulting hydrodynamic pressure distributions are compared with available solutions.
Refined Theory for Bending and Torsion of Perforated
Plates
Authors: Meijers P. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
An asymptotic solution is given for the effective elastic constants and the stresses in a perforated plate which is loaded in bending and torsion. In this solution terms 0(h/R)2 are neglected with respect to unity; h being the plate thickness and R the hole radius. In addition to the doubly periodic solution of the classical plate problem another bi-potential problem and two auxiliary problems, viz., a plane strain and a torsion problem for a half-infinite strip, have to be solved. The asymptotic solution together with an approximate solution for an infinitely thick plate permits us often to construct a solution which covers the entire range of h/R; viz., 0≤h/R&lt;∞. In a number of cases accurate interpolation requires additional finite-element calculations. The numerical data presented here apply to a square or an equilateral triangular hole pattern.
Fillet Welds Under Bending and Shear
Authors: Fessler H. , Pappalettere C. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
A 12-mm-thick plate representing a vessel wall and two others representing attachments on the “inside” and “outside” (forming a symmetrical cross) are jointed by 12-mm, full penetration fillet welds. The attachment plates are in shear and bending; the vessel wall is in tension. Full-size, frozen-stress, photoelastic models of a real weld and four simplified shapes have been made, tested and analyzed to determine surface stresses and their directions in the attachment plate and in the fillet welds. Two-dimensional SCFs for the (horizontal) cross section in tension give safe overestimates of measured peak bending stresses. The directions of the fillet stresses are generally within 20 deg of expected values.
3-D Elastic Analysis of a Circular Nozzle Corner
Crack
Authors: Wilkening W. W. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
A 3-D linear elastic analysis has been performed for a circular crack located in the nozzle corner region of a nuclear pressure vessel. The stress intensity factor, K, was found to be virtually constant along the crack front for this particular nozzle corner flaw, which extends one quarter of the distance through the nozzle corner diagonal. The magnitude of K is discussed in relation to the stress intensity factor for the ASME Maximum Postulated Flaw, and is compared to the results of a number of other analyses reported in the literature.
Ductile Fracture Micromechanisms in A508 CL3 Structural
Steel
Authors: Barnby J. T. , Creswell S. L. , Nadkarni A. S. , Spencer B. S. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Studies of the critical void volumes ahead of cracks at the initiation of fracture at 100° C in the ductile regime show that the void volume has a maximum at a distance of about one to two crack tip opening displacements ahead of the original crack tip. The critical void volume maximum is approximately the same for prefatigue cracked notched bend bars and cusp-shaped cracks (formed by spark machining) at initiation in A508 CL3 steel. The maximum in void volume tends to have a lower value and to be closer to the crack tip for lower values of constraint stresses (that is for lower triaxiality).
Extensions of the Failure Assessment Diagram Approach Semi-Elliptical
Flaw in Pressurized Cylinders—Part II
Authors: Bloom J. M. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Approximate closed-form J-integral expressions based on the estimation scheme for use in the Deformation Plasticity Failure Assessment Diagram (DPFAD) approach are presented for an axially oriented semi-elliptical flaw in a pressurized cylinder for crack depth to wall thickness ratios, a/t, from 1/4 to 3/4 and aspect ratios, a/l, from 0 to 1/2. The DPFAD approach was used to derive closed-form J-integral expressions from limited elastic-plastic finite element solutions. Results are also presented in terms of the DPFAD curves as functions of a/t and a/l for the strain-hardening exponent of n = 8.6. Curves are given for the calibration constant h1 as a function of a/t and a/l for ease of interpolation. Lastly, discussion is provided as to the applicability of the solutions and a possible interpolation scheme for obtaining h1 values for n other than 8.6.
Increased Allowable Stresses for Earthquake and Wind Loads in Section
VIII, Division 1
Authors: Selz A. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
There has been a need for some time to provide rules for allowable stresses for short-time and infrequent loading such as earthquake and wind loads in Section VIII, Division 1 of the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. Such rules exist in Section VIII, Division 2, in Section III, and in many other Codes. Division 1 has been silent on the subject. This has caused some manufacturers to make their own rules, and some to overdesign their hardware. Neither situation is without problems. Therefore, in 1979 the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee undertook to develop rules for Section VIII, Division 1. This work resulted in the addition of paragraph UG-23(d) to the Code, in the Summer, 1983 Addenda. The paragraph permits an increase in general primary membrane stress of 20 percent for earthquake and wind loads for temperatures below the creep regime.
Analysis of Half-Pipe Heating Channels on Pressure Vessel
Shells
Authors: Blach A. E. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Half-pipe heating channels are used on the outside of pressure vessels such as agitators, mixers, reactors, etc., to avoid the high external pressure associated with heating jackets. No applicable method of analysis is contained in the ASME Code and proof tests are normally required for registration with governing authorities. An analytical method is presented which permits the evaluation of stresses in shell and half pipe; numerical examples are included.
Fracture of Circumferentially Cracked Pipes
Authors: Zahoor A. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Closed-form expressions are derived for linear elastic axial displacement and bending deflection of circumferentially cracked pipe under combined tension and bending. Formulas are then presented for the applied tearing modulus for: 1) load control and 2) displacement-controlled loading. These formulas are very useful for predicting crack initiation and instability under small-scale yielding conditions.
The Alexandroff-Urysohn Square and the Fixed Point Property
Authors: Foregger T. H. , Hagopian C. L. , Marsh M. M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractEvery continuous function of the Alexandroff-Urysohn Square into itself has a fixed point. This follows from G. S. Young's general theorem (1946) that establishes the fixed-point property for every arcwise connected Hausdorff space in which each monotone increasing sequence of arcs is contained in an arc. Here we give a short proof based on the structure of the Alexandroff-Urysohn Square.
Prediagnostic Total and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Risk of Cancer
Authors: Ahn Jiyoung , Lim Unhee , Weinstein Stephanie J. , Schatzkin Arthur , Hayes Richard B. , Virtamo Jarmo , Albanes Demetrius 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Background: Circulating total cholesterol has been inversely associated with cancer risk; however, the role of reverse causation and the associations for high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol have not been fully characterized. We examined the relationship between serum total and HDL cholesterol and risk of overall and site-specific cancers among 29,093 men in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study cohort.
Methods: Fasting serum total and HDL cholesterol were assayed at baseline, and 7,545 incident cancers were identified during up to 18 years of follow-up. Multivariable proportional hazards models were conducted to estimate relative risks (RR).
Results: Higher serum total cholesterol concentration was associated with decreased risk of cancer overall (RR for comparing high versus low quintile, 0.85; 95% confidence interval, 0.79-0.91; P trend &lt;0.001; &gt;276.7 versus &lt;203.9 mg/dL), and the inverse association was particularly evident for cancers of the lung and liver. These associations were no longer significant, however, when cases diagnosed during the first 9 years of follow-up were excluded. Greater HDL cholesterol was also associated with decreased risk of cancer (RR for high versus low quintile, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.83-0.97; P trend = 0.01; &gt;55.3 versus &lt;36.2 mg/dL). The inverse association of HDL cholesterol was evident for cancers of lung, prostate, liver, and the hematopoietic system, and the associations of HDL cholesterol with liver and lung cancers remained after excluding cases diagnosed within 12 years of study entry.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that prior observations regarding serum total cholesterol and cancer are largely explained by reverse causation. Although chance and reverse causation may explain some of the inverse HDL associations, we cannot rule out some etiologic role for this lipid fraction. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(11):2814–21)
Effects of Vitamin D and Calcium on Proliferation and Differentiation In Normal Colon Mucosa: a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Fedirko Veronika , Bostick Roberd M. , Flanders W. Dana , Long Qi , Sidelnikov Eduard , Shaukat Aasma , Daniel Carrie R. , Rutherford Robin E. , Woodard Jill Joelle 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
To investigate the potential efficacy of calcium and vitamin D in reducing risk for colorectal neoplasms and to develop “treatable” phenotypic biomarkers of risk for colorectal neoplasms, we conducted a pilot, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2 × 2 factorial clinical trial to test the effects of these agents on cell cycle markers in the normal colorectal mucosa. Ninety-two men and women with at least one pathology-confirmed colorectal adenoma were treated with 2 g/day calcium and/or 800 IU/day vitamin D3 versus placebo over 6 months. Overall expression and distributions of p21waf1/cip1 (marker of differentiation), MIB-1 (marker of short-term proliferation), and hTERT (marker of long-term proliferation) in colorectal crypts in the normal-appearing rectal mucosa were detected by automated immunohistochemistry and quantified by image analysis. In the calcium, vitamin D, and calcium plus vitamin D groups relative to the placebo, p21 expression increased by 201% (P = 0.03), 242% (P = 0.005), and 25% (P = 0.47), respectively, along the full lengths of colorectal crypts after 6 months of treatment. There were no statistically significant changes in the expression of either MIB-1 or hTERT in the crypts overall; however, the proportion of hTERT, but not MIB-1, expression that extended into the upper 40% of the crypts was reduced by 15% (P = 0.02) in the vitamin D plus calcium group relative to the placebo. These results indicate that calcium and vitamin D promote colorectal epithelial cell differentiation and may “normalize” the colorectal crypt proliferative zone in sporadic adenoma patients, and support further investigation of calcium and vitamin D as chemopreventive agents against colorectal neoplasms. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(11):2933–41)