bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ABERRANT AUTUMNAL MIGRATION OF THE EASTERN POPULATION OF THE MONARCH BUTTERFLY,DANAUS P.PLEXIPPUS(LEPIDOPTERA: DANAIDAE) AS IT RELATES TO THE OCCURRENCE OF STRONG WESTERLY WINDS
Authors: Urquhart F. A. , Urquhart N. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractStrong westerly winds occurring during autumnal migration of the eastern population of the monarch butterfly in North America, affect those butterflies migrating from areas east of long. 90°. The following aberrant migratory routes are presented: (1) Migrants moving down the Atlantic coast pass through the Florida peninsula to western Cuba thence to the overwintering site in Guatemala and Honduras; (2) migrants forced over the Atlantic ocean eventually reach the Bahama islands and thence to Yucatan, or Honduras via Jamaica and other islands of the Caribbean Sea, to the overwintering site in Guatemala and Honduras; (3) migrants arriving in the eastern islands of the Greater Antilles may eventually arrive in the Cordilleran mountains of Columbia and northwestern Venezuela; (4) migrants from the Lesser Antilles may return, along with members of a first generation, in the spring without establishing an overwintering site—the fate of these few occasional spring migrants is unknown.
MONITORING TRACE ELEMENTS IN DIETS AND LIFE STAGES OF THE ONION MAGGOT, HYLEMYA ANTIQUA (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE), WITH X-RAY ENERGY SPECTROMETRY
Authors: McLean J. A. , Stump I. G. , D’Auria J. M. , Holman J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractElemental profiles of onion maggots reared on a dried carrot based medium were monitored by X-ray energy spectrometry. Adult insects had higher levels of S, Fe, Cu, and Zn and lower levels of Cl, K, Br, and Sr than were apparently present in the medium. Addition of Rb to the larval diet resulted in a higher than normal concentration of Rb in the newly-emerged adults. This concentration of Rb decreased to ambient levels after 10 days. When Y was added to the rearing medium, it was not incorporated into the adult flies. Pupae from the Ga-supplemented diet failed to mature. The elemental profiles of male and female adults from the Rb- and Y-rearings differed significantly from the control rearings and each other. X-ray energy spectrometry shows much promise in helping define and monitor mineral requirements in insects.
POSTMATING AGE ESTIMATES FOR FEMALE EUROPEAN CORN BORER MOTHS, OSTRINIA NUBILALIS (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE), USING TIME-RELATED CHANGES IN SPERMATOPHORES
Authors: Elliott W. M. , Dirks V. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe spermatophores in mated female European corn borers, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), were shown to lose volume (depletion), change colour, and retract their spiral stalks over a period of about 7 days in such a way that postmating age could be estimated from their appearance. Colour changes and stalk retraction occurred more slowly in females that laid fertile eggs than in those that did not, but depletion occurred at the same rate. The average postmating age was estimated as 5.2, 6.3, 3.9, and 2.6 days for small light trap catches of first generation females in 1974, 1975, 1976, and 1977 and 4.4, 3.9, and 3.2 days for larger catches of second generation females in 1974, 1975, and 1977. Catches did not show decreasing numbers in successive age groups but tended to show modal values at < 1 day and at 4–6 days with only 1% living > 7 days. Redistribution of the moths from the date of capture back to the date of mating tended to give a unimodal curve of numbers on time in the 1975 second generation but not in 1974 or 1977. The unimodal curve of redistributed moths in 1975 was significantly different from a normal distribution. The redistribution showed that 58% of the moths mated within the heat unit interval when the second generation was expected to emerge, whereas only 38% of the actual catches occurred in this interval. Redistribution also showed that mating probably occurred even on cold nights when few moths were trapped, and conversely that on some warm nights with large catches most of the moths had mated on earlier nights.
THE REARING AND BIOLOGY OF GLISCHROCHILUS QUADRISIGNATUS (COLEOPTERA: NITIDULIDAE) IN THE LABORATORY
Authors: Foott W. H. , Timmins P. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA study on techniques for rearing Glischrochilus quadrisignatus (Say) in the laboratory showed that provision of adequate moisture and control of fungal diseases were essential. Most field-collected adult females oviposited regardless of when the collections were made, but there were large variations in the preoviposition periods. Hibernating beetles collected in the spring had a much shorter preoviposition period than beetles collected in the autumn and early winter. The high viability of eggs laid by overwintering females kept separate from males indicated that the beetles mated in the fall. Three consecutive generations occurred when beetles were reared in crocks supplied with corn and tomatoes in a greenhouse. At 21°C, the incubation period for eggs averaged 4.1 days, the larval period 21–22 days, and the pupation period 11.8 days. Newly developed adults remained in the soil for an average of 11.2 days before emerging.
A MONITORING PROGRAM FOR THE COMMON JUNE BEETLE, PHYLLOPHAGA ANXIA (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE), IN SOUTHERN QUEBEC
Authors: Lim K. P. , Toohey K. M. , Yule W. N. , Stewart R. K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBlacklight traps were used for monitoring flight activity of Phyllophaga anxia (LeConte) in southern Quebec. Adults began flying during the last 3 weeks of May and flight terminated about the end of June, depending on the season and the locality. The adults required approximately 176 degree-days accumulated above a base of 5 °C for flying to commence. Peak flight occurred late in May or in early June. Both sexes were attracted to blacklight traps.
A MODIFIED LADELL APPARATUS FOR THE EXTRACTION OF WETLAND MACROINVERTEBRATES
Authors: Lawson Daniel L. , Merritt Richard W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA modified Ladell apparatus is described which offers a low cost and efficient method of wetland macroinvertebrate extraction. Soil and leaf litter samples, immersed in Mg2SO4 solution, are subjected to agitation and bubbling to promote the extraction of macroinvertebrates. A further modification provides salt solution recycling. Fourteen floodplain taxa were recovered with extraction efficiencies ranging from 80 to 100% at a cost of 15–20 cents (U.S.) per sample.
REDESCRIPTION OF THE HOLOTYPES OF SOME NEOTROPICAL SARCOPHAGIDAE (DIPTERA) DESCRIBED BY C. H. T. TOWNSEND
Authors: Lopes H. de Souza 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTwelve holotypes of Neotropical Sarcophagidae described by C. H. T. Townsend are redescribed. Discomyiophora aurata Townsend and Sisasarcophaga metallica Townsend are transferred to the genus Notochaeta. Notochaeta aldrichi Lopes is a new junior synonym of aurata Tnsd. Chlorosarcophaga cochliomyia Townsend is a new senior synonym of Robineauella calliphorina Enderlein.
REDESCRIPTIONS OF SOME TYPES OF NEOTROPICAL SARCOPHAGIDAE (DIPTERA) DESCRIBED BY COQUILLETT, TOWNSEND, AND DODGE
Authors: Lopes H. de Souza 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTypes of nine species of Sarcophagidae are redescribed, two species belonging to the tribe Microcerellini, six to Johnsoniini, and seven to Sarcophagini;Harpagopyga rufipesDodge is transferred toNotochaeta. In addition to the female holotype, the male ofHarpagopyga diversipes(Coquillett) is also described.
OCCURRENCE OF A TWO GENERATION STRAIN OF THE EUROPEAN CORN BORER, OSTRINIA NUBILALIS (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE), IN QUEBEC
Authors: McLeod D. G. R. , Ritchot C. , Nagai T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThere are now two strains of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), in Quebec. The strain normally found produces one generation while the more recently introduced strain produces two generations per year. Both strains have been characterized and compared with corn borer strains from Ontario and New York State. The two attributes of the recently introduced strain that promote the development of a second generation are (1) early emergence in the spring with less intense diapause and (2) a lower critical photoperiod for diapause induction. The latter characteristic allows pupation of first generation larvae. Field and laboratory tests on the pheromone response of adult male moths demonstrated that the origin of this recent introduction was New York State.
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF EMERGENCE FOR WITHIN-TREE POPULATIONS OF DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Coulson Robert N. , Fargo W. Scott , Pulley Paul E. , Pope Don N. , Foltz John L. , Bunting Audrey M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSpatial and temporal patterns of Dendroctonus frontalis emerging from loblolly pine, Pinus taeda, were studied. Daily emergence was measured at 1.5-m intervals along the infested bole on nine trees Emerging beetles from three of the trees were collected and their sex identified. Topological estimates of daily emergence on all trees were computed and the spatial and temporal patterns of emergence were described using three and five parameter models. Emergence followed the same general pattern at each of the 1.5-m sampling intervals. Peak density of emergence occurred at ca. 0.25 of the process time span (day 7) and declined thereafter. Emergence density was highest at the 3.5-m interval and tapered gradually towards the top of the tree and abruptly towards the bottom. The process took ca. 28 days for completion. Emergence partitioned by sex followed the same general pattern as observed for the combined sexes. The cumulative sex ratio of emerging beetles was essentially 1:1 at each height interval.Since the curves at the various height intervals were similar, emergence was described as an average process for the entire tree. The essential features of the process were retained in the average analysis. A probability distribution function defined for emergence permits calculation of the distribution of beetles from host trees provided the cumulative density is known. A frequency histogram illustrating the range in observed emergence density over a three year period was also included.Adult populations of D. frontalis available for colonization were interpreted as a single process “allocation.” The allocation process was defined by two components, re-emergence and emergence, and had the following characteristics: (1) it is continous for each tree in the infestation, (2) it is distinct for each tree, (3) it is bimodal in intensity, and (4) the components may operate together or independently. The allocation concept was used to interpret the manner in which D. frontalis infestations have been observed to develop.
FURTHER STUDIES ON THE BIOLOGY OFPYRRHARCTIA(ISIA)ISABELLA(LEPIDOPTERA: ARCTIIDAE): III. THE RELATION BETWEEN HEAD CAPSULE WIDTH AND NUMBER OF INSTARS
Authors: Goettel Mark S. , Philogène Bernard J. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractHead capsule widths of laboratory-reared and mature field-collected larvae ofP.isabellawere measured. The number of larval instars varied from 7 to 10, yet in all larvae studied, average size and increment in the successive instars were the same for instars 1 to 3. In the latter instars, there was an inverse relationship between size of increment and prospective number of instars. Insects which completed 10 instars were only a little larger than those maturing after only 7 instars. These data fail to support Dyar’s rule.
THE INTERACTION OF COTTON AND BOLL WEEVIL (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) — A STUDY OF CO-ADAPTATION
Authors: Gutierrez A. P. , Wang Y. , Daxl R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe growth parameters for cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) were examined via optimization studies to determine if the observed values were optimal for the season lengths and weather patterns found in California and Nicaragua. The parameters observed for Nicaraguan cotton were further examined to determine if predation by boll weevil (Anthonomus grandisBoh.) of small cotton fruit (squares) could explain the observed discrepancies. All of the observed growth parameters except the fruit bud production rate for the Acala SJ II variety of cotton which is grown in California appeared to be reasonably optimal for California condition (i.e. boll weevil does not occur in California). By contrast, the parameters for the Nicaraguan variety were sub-optimal if boll weevil was excluded from the analysis, but near optimal if the population dynamics of pest were included.
A PROCESS MODEL FOR EASTERN BLACKHEADED BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: McNamee Peter J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA theory for the population behavior of the eastern blackheaded budworm is presented. The qualitative properties and key processes of the system are identified and a description of the theory as a simulation model is given. Two domains of stability exist for the insect; one is caused by bird predation, the second by the effects of food limitation. The model predicts that the budworm’s cyclical population fluctuations are produced by the disappearance and reappearance of these stable domains and consequent movement of densities to new levels. Parasitism is identified as the principal mechanism causing this behavior. A qualitative comparison of model behavior with historical behavior is made and a critical field experiment to test the validity of the theory is proposed. Finally it is suggested that the population behavior of many forest defoliators may be explained using this theory.
GENETICS OF GLOSSINA MORSITANS MORSITANS (DIPTERA: GLOSSINIDAE): III. SALMON, A SEX-LINKED, MATERNALLY INFLUENCED, SEMI-LETHAL EYE COLOR MUTANT
Authors: Gooding R. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA visible mutation with salmon-colored eyes was found in our colony of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood. The trait, designated salmon (sal), is a recessive controlled by an X-chromosome locus which is at least 36 map units from ocra. Adults emerged from less than 20% of the puparia obtained by mating females homozygous for salmon with the hemizygous salmon males; these flies have very pale eyes and die at an early age. The mutant is genetically rescuable since females homozygous for salmon mated with wild-type males produced the normal number of phenotypically wild-type female offspring and about 32% of the expected number of male offspring; the males have very pale eyes.
A GALL MIDGE, ENDAPHIS SP. (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE), AS A GREGARIOUS APHID PARASITE
Authors: Mackauer M. , Foottit R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe cecidomyiid Endaphis sp. is a locally common endoparasite of the aphid Euceraphis gillettei on alder in coastal British Columbia. The midge represents the first known protelean parasite of aphids that may develop gregariously inside the host. Field and laboratory observations are presented on the parasite’s life history and host instar preference. Mechanisms enabling the partitioning of the available “host space” between Endaphis sp. and the aphidiid parasite Praon sp. are discussed.
THE LARVAL INSTARS OF APHIDIUS SMITHI (HYMENOPTERA: APHIDIIDAE)
Authors: Chorney R. J. , Mackauer M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe pea aphid parasite Aphidius smithi Sharma & Subba Rao has four larval instars. The first and the fourth instars are mandibulate. The second instar possesses oral lobes but not mandibles. A bilobed feeding structure on the ventral side of the head of the third instar could function as a pharyngeal pump. The chief diagnostic features of each instar are illustrated with scanning electron micrographs. Variability in the number of larval instars among species of Aphidiidae is discussed.
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF WAX DISTRIBUTION ON THE BALSAM WOOLLY APHID, ADELGES PICEAE (HOMOPTERA: ADELGIDAE)
Authors: Retnakaran Arthur , Ennis Terry , Jobin Luc , Granett Jeffrey 
Published: December 2009

AbstractScanning electron micrographs of balsam wooly aphid, Adelges piceae Ratz., show ribbon-like wax secretion in the dorso-median, marginal, and inter-tergal regions. Longitudinal grooves in the ribbons indicate that secretions from a row of cells fuse together to form bands of wax. Most of the ribbons appear as extensions of the tergal sclerites. Post-notal plates are conspicuous in the dormant first instar, and in the adults characteristic wax plates with crater-like pits are evident. The chemistry of wax in related species and a rationale for control using juvenile hormone analogs are discussed.
THE LARVAL INSTARS OF THE BLACK FLIES STEGOPTERNA MUTATA AND SIMULIUM VITTATUM (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE)
Authors: Ross Douglas H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe six larval instars of Stegopterna mutata (Malloch) and seven larval instars of Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt can be definitively separated by differences in postgenal length, body length, and number of primary cephalic fan rays. Counts of the number of rows of hooks and hooks/row in the anal circlet were inconclusive in separating all instars of either species.
OBSERVATIONS ON BIOLOGY AND NATURAL CONTROL OF THE ORANGEHUMPED MAPLEWORM, SYMMERISTA LEUCITYS (LEPIDOPTERA: NOTODONTIDAE), IN NEW YORK
Authors: Allen Douglas C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe life stages, feeding habits, and some aspects of natural control of Symmerista leucitys Franclemont, a univoltine defoliator of sugar maple, are described.
THREE NEW SPECIES OF FLEAS FROM CANADA (SIPHONAPTERA)
Authors: Holland G.P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThree new species of fleas are described, two of the family HYSTRICHOPSYLLIDAE Tiraboschi 1904 (Nearctopsylla grahami n. sp. and Rhadinopsylla (Micropsylla) rauschi n. sp.) and one of the family CERATOPHYLLIDAE Dampf 1908 (Ceratophyllus calderwoodi n. sp,). N. grahami is known only from western Ontario where it has been collected from marten, Martes a. americana. R. (M.) rauschi was collected from deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus osgoodi, in southwestern Saskatchewan. C. calderwoodi was collected from a nest of cliff swallow, Petrochelidon pyrrhonota, in eastern New Brunswick.
EFFECT OF MALE-DEPRIVATION ON FEMALE PHONOTAXIS IN FIELD CRICKETS (ORTHOPTERA: GRYLLIDAE; GRYLLUS)
Authors: Cade William H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe effect of depriving female field crickets of conspecific male contact upon the frequency of phonotaxic response to conspecific mating song was tested in Gryllus integer Scudder and G. veletis Alexander and Bigelow (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). In both species, positive phonotaxis was 5 to 9 times more frequent in male-deprived females than in females kept with males. Increased phonotaxis in the former group was apparent with 3 days separation. Addition of G. veletis males to the female-only culture greatly reduced subsequent phonotaxis. As female field crickets sometimes occur in male-free areas in the field, such increased phonotaxis may well be of adaptive importance.
MELEOMA SCHWARZI: AN ADDITION TO THE CANADIAN FAUNA (NEUROPTEROIDA PLANIPENNIA: CHRYSOPIDAE)
Authors: Garland J.A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe green lacewing, Meleoma schwarzi (Banks), is reported from the southern interior of British Columbia. Characters are provided which distinguish this species from other Canadian chrysopids, in particular Chrysopa gravida Banks.
DISTRIBUTION AND DENSITY OF CARABID BEETLES (COLEOPTERA) IN A PEST MANAGEMENT APPLE ORCHARD
Authors: Holliday N. J. , Hagley E.A.C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTwo soil sampling techniques were used over a 2 year period to examine the distribution of carabid beetles in a pest management apple orchard in southern Ontario. Soil coring was the most suitable technique for investigating temporal and vertical distribution patterns. Horizontal distribution of individual carabid species was best examined by sampling the rhizosphere of the cover crop only. Comparison of the soil sampling results with those obtained from pitfall traps showed that in late summer carabid larvae are subterranean in habit, as are adults of Bradycellus rupestris Say and Amara spp. Carabid density was highest (289.1 m−2) in late summer and fall, and lowest in late winter. In most samples carabid density was greatest in the rhizosphere of the cover crop and decreased rapidly with increasing depth: few beetles were found at depths greater than 30 cm. In August, densities of the commonest adult carabids were greatest close to trees in the orchard and decreased with increasing distance from trees. The distribution of carabid larvae was not related to distance from the tree, but densities of larvae were higher to the south of trees, and lower to the north.
ELECTROANTENNOGRAMS FROM SPRUCE BUDWORM MOTHS (CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) OF DIFFERENT AGES AND FOR VARIOUS PHEROMONE CONCENTRATIONS
Authors: Ross R.J. , Palaniswamy P. , Seabrook W.D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAn electroantennogram (EAG) technique, which indicates electrochemical activity in a whole antenna, was used to study sex pheromone reception in spruce budworm moth antennae. For both males and females the EAG exhibited a phasic depolarization, reaching maximum near the end of a puff stimulation, followed immediately by repolarization which was prolonged by increasing amounts as the source concentration of the pheromone was increased. The dose–response curves for both sexes were sigmoid in shape, but they indicated that female antennae have a higher threshold and a lower peak response than that of males. Antennal response changed with age, being a regular increase and decrease for females and irregular for males.
ABDOMINAL MUSCULATURE IN RELATION TO SEX PHEROMONE GLAND EVERSION IN FEMALES OF THREE SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTERA
Authors: Percy Jean , George John A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe posterior apophyses in terminal abdominal segments of female moths form part of the sex pheromone gland in each of three species examined (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Tortricidae), Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) (Noctuidae), Orgyia leucosligma (J.E. Smith) (Lymantriidae)). Four groups of paired dorsolateral muscles are attached to the anterior or posterior apophysis and the integument. An additional group is attached to the anterior and posterior apophyses. The probable relationship of these muscles to the eversion, or protrusion, and inversion of sex pheromone glands is discussed.
SEX PHEROMONE TRAPS IN POPULATION MONITORING OF ADULTS OF THE BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Steck Warren , Underhill E. W. , Chisholm M. D. , Peters C. C. , Philip H. G. , Arthur A. P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTraps baited with the sex pheromone of the bertha army worm moth, Mamestra configurata (Walker), were operated at 36 sites across the prairie provinces in 1976 and 1977. They captured ca. 15 times as many bertha moths as did light traps and were considered to constitute a useful method for detection of adults of this species.
THE BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE). AN ESTIMATE OF LIGHT AND PHEROMONE TRAP EFFICIENCY BASED ON CAPTURES OF NEWLY EMERGED MOTHS
Authors: Bucher G.E. , Bracken G.K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEfficiencies of light and pheromone traps were estimated from captures of moths emerging from pupae in the center of circular arrays of traps up to 200 m in radius. Light traps captured 1 insect for every 3.6 that passed through a linear meter at the trap, an efficiency factor of 0.28. This factor was constant for different insect densities. The pheromone traps were 3.5 times as efficient as light traps based on the captures of males only. The low efficiencies imply that the traps have a small zone of influence and several may be needed in a limited area to produce catches within reasonable confidence limits when populations are sparse and detection of increasing numbers has the greatest value.