bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of open‐close and related rotamers methods to evaluate the intramolecular hydrogen bond energies in 3‐imino‐propen‐1‐ol and its derivatives
Authors: Hajiabadi H. , Nowroozi A. , Hasani M. , Mohammadzadeh Jahani P. , Raissi H. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractMP2 study of OH…N intramolecular hydrogen bond (IMHB) in 3‐imino‐propen‐1‐ol and its derivatives were performed and their IMHB energies were obtained using the related rotamers and open‐close methods. Also the topological properties of electron density distribution and charge transfer energy associated with IMHB were gained by quantum theory of atoms in molecules and natural bond orbital theory, respectively. The computational results reveal that the related rotamers method energies are well correlates with geometrical parameters, topological parameters at hydrogen bond and ring critical points, integrated properties, proton transfer barrier and charge transfer energy of OH…N unit. Surprisingly, it was found that the open‐close hydrogen bond energies cannot represent good linear correlations with these parameters. Consequently, we extrapolate a number of equations that can be used in estimation of OH…N IMHB energy in complex biological systems. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012
Epistemological beliefs of third‐grade students in an investigation‐rich classroom
Authors: Kittleson Julie M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAs part of becoming scientifically literate, students should come to appreciate epistemic aspects of science. Little research has been conducted on elementary students' epistemological beliefs specific to science education. This study offers insights into third‐grade students' epistemological beliefs while paying attention to the intersection of epistemological beliefs with instructional context. To document epistemological beliefs, students were interviewed three times during the 5‐month‐long study. To document instructional context, class sessions associated with two science units (16 class sessions for each unit) were video/audio‐taped. Students described investigation or testing as being central to science. Although they recognized investigation as a way to get information students tended not to distinguish the tests they did from ones they envisioned scientists doing. Furthermore, students suggested that particular tests are appropriate for particular purposes, a point that was reinforced by their own investigations. These findings suggest that it is important to consider what the activities in which students are engaged in the classroom communicate about the nature of scientific knowledge. To support epistemic understandings, researchers should consider how instructional contexts capitalize on elementary students' understandings of science and push them to develop increasingly sophisticated epistemological beliefs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 95:1026–1048, 2011
Surface characteristics of Ti‐10Ta‐10Nb alloy modified by hydrogen peroxide treatment for dental implants
Authors: Cho Suck‐Kyu , Park Il‐Song , Lee Sook‐Jeong , Kim Kyoung‐A , Park Ju‐Mi , Ahn Seung‐Geun , Song Kwang‐Yeob , Yoon Dong‐Joo , Lee Min‐Ho 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe use of titanium‐based alloys as biomaterials is becoming more common because they have a reduced elastic modulus, superior biocompatibility, specific strength, good corrosion resistance, superior strain control, and fatigue resistance compared to conventional stainless steel and CoCr alloys. However, when implanted into the human body these metals are problematic because they do not directly bond with living bone. Surface treatments play an important role in nucleating calcium phosphate deposition on a surgical titanium alloy implant. The purpose of this study is to examine whether the precipitation of apatite on Ti10Ta10Nb alloy is affected by surface modification in H2O2 solution. Specimens were chemically treated with a solution containing 30 wt% H2O2 at 80 °C for 1 h, and subsequently heat treated at 400 °C for 1 h. All specimens were immersed in SBF (Simulated Body Fluid) with a pH of 7.4 at 36.5 °C for seven days, and the surfaces were examined with XRD, SEM, EDX and in vitro testing. The microstructure analysis of the Ti10Ta10Nb alloy after etching with Keller's etchant showed a Widmanstatten pattern. The micro‐Vickers hardness number was 236.44 ± 4.99, and surface roughness was increased by the surface treatment. The wettability after surface treatment was better than on the nontreated surface. Resistance to cytotoxicity was decreased by the chemical surface treatment (P < 0.05). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shareholders and stakeholders: How do directors decide?
Authors: Adams Renée B. , Licht Amir N. , Sagiv Lilach 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis study examines how directors make decisions that involve shareholders and other stakeholders. Using vignettes derived from seminal court cases, we construct an index of directors' shareholderism as a general orientation on this issue. In a survey of the entire population of directors and CEOs in public corporations in one country, we find that directors' personal values and roles play an important part in their decisions. Directors and CEOs are more pro‐shareholder the more they endorse entrepreneurial values—specifically, higher achievement, power, and self‐direction values and lower universalism values. While employee representative directors exhibit a lower baseline level of shareholder orientation, they nonetheless often side with shareholders. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Involvement of NMDA receptors in ryanodine receptor expression in dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area of mice with intermittent methamphetamine treatment
Authors: Kurokawa Kazuhiro , Shibasaki Masahiro , Kiyokage Emi , Mizuno Koji , Toida Kazunori , Ohkuma Seitaro 
Published: May 2011

AbstractExcitatory synapses on dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) represent an important role in psychostimulant‐induced rewarding effect. This study investigated the regulation of ryanodine receptor (RyR) and N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor expression in mice under intermittent methamphetamine (METH) treatment using a place preference procedure. RyR‐1 and ‐2 significantly increased in the VTA of mice with METH‐induced place preference, whereas RyR‐3 showed no changes. In addition, the levels of NR1, NR2A, and NR2B subunits were increased in the VTA. The METH‐induced place preference was inhibited by intracerebroventricular pretreatment with MK‐801, a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, and ifenprodil, a selective NR2B subunit‐containing NMDA receptor antagonist, in a dose‐dependent manner. Under these conditions, the increase of RyR‐1 and ‐2 in the VTA was significantly blocked by ifenprodil. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed the colocalization of RyR‐1 and ‐2 with NR2B subunits in dopaminergic neurons in the mouse VTA. These findings suggest that RyRs could be involved in the development of METH‐induced place preference and that NR2B subunit‐containing NMDA receptors in mice showing METH‐induced place preference play an important role in expression of RyRs. Synapse, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prenasal thickness‐to‐nasal bone length ratio: a strong and simple second‐ and third‐trimester marker for trisomy 21
Authors: De Jong‐Pleij E. A. P. , Vos F. I. , Ribbert L. S. M. , Pistorius L. R. , Tromp E. , Bilardo C. M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo study the ratio of prenasal thickness (PT) to nasal bone length (NBL) in normal and trisomy‐21 fetuses in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.MethodsThe PT and NBL were measured retrospectively in 106 normal fetuses (in three‐dimensional (3D) volumes) and in 30 fetuses with trisomy 21 (10 on two‐dimensional (2D) images and 20 in 3D volumes).ResultsIn normal fetuses the mean PT and NBL increased between 15 and 33 weeks' gestation from 2.3 to 6.1 mm (r = 0.85, P < 0.001) and from 3.3 to 9.6 mm (r = 0.87, P < 0.001), respectively. The PT : NBL ratio was stable throughout gestation, with a mean of 0.61 (95% CI, 0.59–0.63; r = − 0.04, P = 0.7). The 5th and 95th percentiles were 0.48 and 0.80, respectively. In trisomy‐21 fetuses the mean PT and NBL increased between 14 and 34 weeks from 3.0 to 9.2 mm (r = 0.86, P < 0.001) and from 1.9 to 7.8 mm (r = 0.85, P < 0.001), respectively. The PT : NBL ratio was significantly higher than in normal fetuses (P < 0.001) but also stable throughout gestation, with a mean of 1.50 (95% CI, 1.20–1.80; r = − 0.35, P = 0.07). Twenty‐three (77%) of the 30 fetuses with trisomy 21 had a PT above the 95th percentile and 20 (67%) had an NBL below the 5th percentile. All the trisomy‐21 fetuses had a PT : NBL ratio above the 95th percentile. When the 95th percentile of the PT : NBL ratio was used as a cut‐off value the detection and false positive rates for trisomy 21 were 100 (95% CI, 89–100)% and 5 (95% CI, 2–11)%, respectively. The positive likelihood ratio was 21.2.ConclusionsThe PT : NBL ratio is stable in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy in both normal and trisomy‐21 fetuses, but all trisomy‐21 fetuses in this series had a PT : NBL ratio above the 95th percentile. The ratio is therefore a strong marker for trisomy 21. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Male Gender is a Risk Factor for Recurrent Appendicitis Following Nonoperative Treatment
Authors: Lien Wan‐Ching , Lee Wen‐Chung , Wang Hsiu‐Po , Chen Yi‐Chu , Liu Kao‐Lang , Chen Chien‐Jen 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackgroundThis prospective study investigates recurrence rates and identifies predictive factors for recurrence following successful nonoperative treatment in adult patients with acute appendicitis.MethodsBetween January 2003 and December 2009, adult patients with acute appendicitis who received successful nonoperative management were enrolled. Cumulative recurrence rates were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Recurrence‐free curves were compared using with the log‐rank test. Cox regression models were employed to identify parameters that significantly and independently predict recurrence.ResultsDuring the study period, 128 patients were enrolled. The median follow‐up period was 12 months (range = 1‐90 months). Twenty (16%) patients developed recurrent appendicitis during follow‐up. Twenty‐one (16%) patients underwent interval appendectomy (IA). There was no significant difference between nonperforated (NPA) and perforated appendicitis (PA) groups with respect to recurrence rates (16% at the 9th month). Moreover, male gender was significantly associated with recurrence (HR 3.45; 95% CI, 1.15‐10.39). Analytical results remained significant after excluding IA patients.ConclusionsSince the recurrence rate is similar between NPA and PA, nonoperative treatment can be used for PA patients. Roughly 20% of the adult patients selected for nonoperative treatment experienced recurrence. Males were more susceptible than females to recurrent appendicitis.
Tri‐iodothyronine enhances liver regeneration after living donor liver transplantation in rats
Authors: Taki‐Eldin Ahmed , Zhou Lin , Xie Hai‐Yang , Chen Kang‐jie , Zhou Wu‐hua , Zhang Wu , Xing Chun‐Yang , Yang Zhe , Zhang Kai , Zheng Shu‐Sen 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackgroundTri‐iodothyronine (T3) has been shown to be a hepatic mitogen. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of T3 on liver regeneration after 50% partial liver transplantation (pLT) in rats.MethodsImmediately after pLT, a single dose of T3 (4 mg/kg body weight) was administered. Liver/body weight ratio (LBWR), hepatocyte proliferation (Ki‐67), biochemical parameters, and changes in cell cycle related proteins were evaluated.ResultsT3 promoted liver regeneration as shown by an increased liver/body weight ratio and Ki‐67 proliferation index after pLT. On the transcriptional level, T3‐treated rats had an increased expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin A as demonstrated by real time RT‐PCR and Western blot.ConclusionsExogenous administration of T3 significantly improved liver regeneration after pLT, and therefore it may represent a promising strategy to improve the clinical outcome after living donor liver transplantation in the future.
Spatial and temporal density dependence regulates the condition of central Baltic Sea clupeids: compelling evidence using an extensive international acoustic survey
Authors: Casini Michele , Kornilovs Georgs , Cardinale Massimiliano , Möllmann Christian , Grygiel Wlodzimierz , Jonsson Patrik , Raid Tiit , Flinkman Juha , Feldman Valeriy 
Published: May 2011

AbstractFor the first time an international acoustic survey dataset covering three decades was used to investigate the factors shaping the spatial and temporal patterns in the condition of sprat and herring in the Baltic Proper. Generalized additive models showed that the spatial and temporal fluctuations in sprat density have been the main drivers of the spatio‐temporal changes of both sprat and herring condition, evidencing intra‐ and inter‐specific density dependence mediated by the size and distribution of the sprat population. Salinity was also an important predictor of herring condition, whereas temperature explained only a minor part of sprat model deviance. Herring density was an additional albeit weak significant predictor for herring condition, evidencing also intra‐specific density dependence within the herring population. For both species, condition was high and similar in all areas of the Baltic Proper until the early 1990s, coincident with low sprat densities. Afterwards, a drop in condition occurred and a clear south–north pattern emerged. The drop in condition after the early 1990s was stronger in the northern areas, where sprat population increased the most. We suggest that the increase in sprat density in the northern areas, and the consequent spatial differentiation in clupeid condition, have been triggered by the almost total disappearance of the predator cod from the northern Baltic Proper. This study provides a step forward in understanding clupeid condition in the Baltic Sea, presenting evidence that density‐dependent mechanisms also operate at the spatial scale within stock units. This stresses the importance of spatio‐temporal considerations in the management of exploited fish.
Fast and Minimally Invasive Determination of the Unsaturation Index of White Fat Depots by Micro‐Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Giarola M. , Rossi B. , Mosconi E. , Fontanella M. , Marzola P. , Scambi I. , Sbarbati A. , Mariotto G. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn the last 20 years increasing interest has been devoted to the investigation of white adipose tissue (WAT) because hypo‐ or hyperfunction of WAT is involved in the pathogenesis of obesity and other pathologies. The investigation and discrimination of different characteristics in adipose tissues by means of spectroscopic techniques appears as a topic of current interest, also in view of possible medical–technological applications. The aim of this work was to establish micro‐Raman spectroscopy as a tool for the characterization of mammals fat tissue. After preliminary tests aimed at defining a suitable sample preparation protocol, Raman spectra of WAT specimens excised from mice of different ages were recorded in the energy range 750–3,350 cm−1. Quantitative values of the unsaturation index were obtained through the calibration with HR‐NMR spectra of lipid extracts. Raman spectroscopy detected a sharp increase in the unsaturation index between 22 and 30 days of age in close correspondence with the weaning of mice (21 days). The present results show that Raman spectroscopy is an inexpensive, fast and robust technique to analyze the unsaturation index of mammals fat tissues that could be routinely used in bioptic samples.
Investigation of γ‐Linolenic Acid and Stearidonic Acid Biosynthesis During a Life Cycle of Borago officinalis L.
Authors: Stähler Kathrin , Quek Siew‐Young , Miller Matthew R. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis study investigated the levels of γ‐linolenic (GLA, 18:3n‐6) and stearidonic acid (SDA, 18:4n‐3) in various parts of the borage plant (Borago officinalis L.) to elucidate Δ6‐desaturase activity. Lipid class and fatty acid (FA) composition during germination of the seeds and FA composition of various borage parts were determined as well as FA compositions of neutral lipids (NL), polar lipids (PL), glycolipids (GL) and monogalactosyl diacylglycerols (MGDG) of borage leaves. When seeds were germinated for 12 days in the dark then exposed to light for 8 h, an overall decrease in oil content was seen with a significant increase in PL from 0.2 to 39.1%. An increase in SDA (from 0.2 to 0.6 g/100 g oil) indicated minor FA synthesis during germination and therefore, Δ6‐desaturase activity with the most marked increase after light exposure. The FA compositions of developing and mature seeds were similar, suggesting oil/FA synthesis takes place at the initial stage of seed development. Among all the borage parts, the leaves had the highest amounts of α‐linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n‐3) (36.2%), indicating Δ15‐desaturase activity, and SDA (25.2%), indicating Δ6‐desaturase activity. In leaves, the GL and especially, MGDG fractions had the highest amounts of SDA (31.8 and 39.8%, respectively), indicating that Δ6‐desaturase is most active in chloroplasts. Leaves and developing seeds appear to be the major sources of Δ6‐desaturase in borage, associated with different organelles in the different tissues.
Heterogeneous Catalytic Esterification of ω‐Sulfhydryl Fatty Acids: Avoidance of Thioethers, Thioesters, and Disulfides
Authors: Compton David L. , Jackson Michael A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTwo mesoporous silicas functionalized with propylsulfonic (SBA‐15‐PSA) and arenesulfonic (SBA‐15‐ASA) acid groups, and a highly acidic, functionalized styrene divinylbenzene copolymer ion exchange resin (Amberlyst‐15) were examined for their ability to catalyze the ethanolic esterification of the ω‐sulfhydryl fatty acid, 11‐mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA), without catalyzing unwanted side reactions at the sulfhydryl group. All three solid acid catalysts catalyzed the MUA esterification in excess ethanol. The activation energy for the catalytic esterifications were determined from 50 to 75 °C, resulting in apparent Ea of 54, 71, and 59 kJ/mol for SBA‐15‐PSA, SBA‐15‐ASA, and Amberlyst‐15, respectively. GC–MS analysis determined that all three catalysts produced near quantitative conversion of MUA to its ethyl ester with very little reactivity towards the sulfhydryl group. This was a marked improvement over the esterifications catalyzed by sulfuric and p‐toluenesulfonic acids which produced thioethers and disulfide side products. The MUA ethyl ester synthesis was demonstrated on a gram scale at 70 °C catalyzed by Amberlyst‐15, and the desired product was isolated in 80% yield at >95% purity with a minimum of purification.
Cryopreservation of female germ cells and ovarian tissues for fertility preservation
Authors: Hashimoto Shu , Suzuki Nao , Ishizuka Bunpei , Morimoto Yoshiharu 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTo preserve the fertility of patients who undergo chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, procedures for cryopreservation of female germ cells have been investigated. Cyropreservation methods differ according to follicle stage because the mammalian ovary contains a large number of oocytes at different growth stages. Follicles at very early stages, for example the primordial and primary stages, are usually cryopreserved within ovarian cortical tissue because they need surrounding somatic cells for subsequent development. In contrast, fully‐grown oocytes in Graafian follicles are cryopreserved without any other cells at the metaphase II stage. Recently, ultra‐rapid cooling was incorporated into cryopreservation procedures for human ovaries. In this review, we describe oocyte freezing, the development of ultra‐rapid cooling systems for ovarian tissues, freezing of human ovaries, and ovarian transplantation.
Selachian Fishes from Bhuban Formation, Surma Group, Aizawl, Mizoram
Authors: Ralte Victor Zochhuana , Tiwari R. P. , Lalchawimawii  , Malsawma J. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract:
An interesting selachian fish assemblage having stratigraphic and palaeoecological significance is being described from the two intraformational calcareous conglomeratic horizons within the Upper Bhuban unit of Bhuban Formation, Surma Group (Lower to Middle Miocene). The assemblage consists of eighteen species of selachian fishes including two new ones (Carcharhinus bhubanicus and Hemipristis unidenticulata) belonging to thirteen genera and another thirteen forms have been identified up to generic level. It is dominated by the families Carcharhinidae and Lamnidae, and is one of the most diversified Miocene assemblages from the Indian subcontinent. The fish fauna and the associated mega-invertebrates suggest Lower Miocene (Aquitanian – Burdigalian) age for the Upper Bhuban unit of Bhuban Formation. These further suggest that the fish yielding horizons were deposited under a warm shallow marine set-up near to the shoreline in a high-energy environment.
Petrology of the Mafic Sill of Narshingpur-Lakhnadon Section, Eastern Deccan Volcanic Province
Authors: Sengupta Piyali , Ray Jyotisankar 
Published: May 2011

Abstract:
Deccan volcanism with a tremendous burst of volcanic activity marks a unique episode in Indian geological history and covers nearly two third of Peninsular India. Occurrences of mafic sill in the continental basalts are rather rare throughout the flood basalt provinces and only few sporadic reports have been described from different Continental Flood Basalts of the world. In the present article, petrology of mafic sill from the Narshingpur-Lakhnadon section of Eastern Deccan province of India has been presented. The mafic sill in the field is found to occur in a relatively deep valley amidst Gondwana rocks, which occur as the basement of the extrusion. The sill is spatially associated with three initial flows viz. flow I, II and III of adjacent Narshingpur-Harrai-Amarwara section. The sill in its central part is a medium grained rock and petrographically corresponds to dolerite containing augite, plagioclase and rare olivine grains; the chilled facies of the sill is characterized by phenocrysts of olivine, plagioclase and augite that are set in groundmass consisting predominantly of plagioclase, olivine and glass. Mineral chemistry indicates that olivine phenocrystal phase is magnesian (Fo61). Plagioclase phenocrystal composition ranges from An51 to An71 whereas the same variation of the groundmass plagioclase composition corresponds to An31 to An62 The overlap in the compositions for groundmass and phenocrystal plagioclase may be explained due to fluctuating PH2O condition. The pyroxene compositions (both groundmass and phenocryst) in majority of the cases are clubbed well within the augite field, however, in a few cases, groundmass compositions are found to fall in the sub-calcic augite and pigeonite field. Some zoned pyroxene phenocrysts, characteristically display different types of zoning patterns. Opaque minerals in the mafic sill are found to be magnetite and ilmenite and this coexisting iron-oxide composition helps to constrain the prevalent fO2 condition in the parent magma. The geochemistry of the mafic sill and associated basaltic lava flows indicates close genetic link amongst them. Critical consideration of trace elements indicates a distinct enriched mantle source (EM-I/EM-II/HIMU) for the parental magma. Trace element modeling indicates that equilibrium batch- melting of plume source followed by fractionation of olivine, clinopyroxene and plagioclase and subsequent heterogeneous mixing of melt and settled crystals can very well explain the genesis of the mafic sill and the associated basaltic flows.