bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body size, adult BMI gain and endometrial cancer risk: the multiethnic cohort
Authors: Park Sungshim Lani , Goodman Marc T. , Zhang Zuo‐Feng , Kolonel Laurence N. , Henderson Brian E. , Setiawan Veronica Wendy 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe effect of body size and change in BMI on endometrial cancer risk across different racial/ethnic groups has not been studied. We examined the association between body size and endometrial cancer risk and potential effect modification of other risk factors among 50,376 women in the Multiethnic Cohort Study. During 10.3 years of follow‐up, 463 endometrial cancer cases were identified. Epidemiologic data were collected from the baseline questionnaire. “BMI change” was defined as the percentage of body mass index change from age 21 to the time of recruitment. Women who were heavier at age 21 or at baseline (weight ≥ 53.5 kg or ≥ 63.9 kg, respectively) had an increased endometrial cancer risk compared to the lowest quartile of weight during the respective periods. BMI gain ≥ 35% had a RR of 4.12 (95% CI: 2.69, 6.30) compared to the reference group (−5% ≤ BMI change <+5%). Women who averaged an annual BMI gain ≥ 1% had a >3.21‐fold (95% CI: 2.37, 4.33) increased risk compared to women who maintained a stable adult BMI (−0.25 to <+0.25%). The highest risk associated with BMI gain was observed among nulliparous women and postmenopausal women who never used hormone therapy. Although African Americans and Whites showed an increase in risk after ≥35% BMI gain, Japanese Americans showed an increase in risk with much smaller gain (≥5%). In conclusion, adult obesity and increase in adiposity are risk factors for endometrial cancer; and the risk associated with these factors may vary across racial/ethnic groups.
α‐Smooth muscle actin‐expressing cells and lubricin in periprosthetic tissue
Authors: Funakoshi Tadanao , Martin Scott D. , Wolf Bryce T. , Schmid Thomas M. , Thornhill Thomas S. , Spector Myron 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe objective of the study was to evaluate the distributions of (1) cells expressing the contractile actin isoform, α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) and (2) a lubricating and antiadhesion glycoprotein, lubricin, in the tissue around loose joint replacement prostheses in human subjects. Periprostehtic tissue resected at revision arthroplasty of noncemented glenoid components of total shoulder arthroplasties was obtained from 10 patients. Samples of periprosthetic tissue were stained with monoclonal antibodies to α‐SMA and lubricin. α‐SMA was found in cells, principally of fibroblast morphology, in many of the fields of view (FOVs) in samples from all patients. Moderate correlations were observed between the percentage of FOVs containing α‐SMA‐expressing cells and the percentages of FOVs containing polyethylene (R2 = 0.79) and metallic (R2 = 0.75) particles. Lubricin was identified (1) as a discrete layer on the surface, (2) within the extracellular matrix, and (3) intracellularly. These lubricin‐positive features were found in samples from all patients. Strong correlations were noted between the percentages of FOVs with matrix and intracellular lubricin staining (R2 = 0.97) and between the percentages of FOVs with surface and matrix staining for lubricin (R2 = 0.96). Having established the presence of α‐SMA and lubricin in periprosthetic tissue, hypotheses regarding their role in the development and persistence of periprosthetic tissue can be synthesized for future study: for example, α‐SMA‐enabled contracture of the fibrous periprosthetic tissue results in its densification, and lubricin‐coated surfaces interfere with integrative repair processes necessary for resorption and remodeling. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Poly(methacrylic acid‐co‐methyl methacrylate) beads promote vascularization and wound repair in diabetic mice
Authors: Martin Daniel C. , Semple John L. , Sefton Michael V. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTopical application of beads made from poly(methacrylic acid‐co‐methyl methacrylate) (45 mol % methacrylic acid, MAA) increased the number of blood vessels and improved 1.5 × 1.5 cm full thickness wound closure in a diabetic mouse (db/db) model. Three groups were compared: MAA beads, control poly(methyl methacrylate) beads (PMMA), and no bead blanks. MAA bead treatment significantly increased percent wound closure at all timepoints (7, 14, and 21 days) with MAA bead‐treated wounds almost closed at day 21 (91 ± 5.4% MAA vs. 79 ± 3.2% PMMA or 76 ± 4.8% no beads; p < 0.05). This was consistent with the expected significant increase in vascularity in the MAA group at days 7 and 14. For example at day 14, MAA bead‐treated wounds had a vascular density of 22.7 ± 2.6 vessels/hpf compared with 17.0 ± 2.0 vessels/hpf in the PMMA bead group (p < 0.05). Epithelial gap and migration measurements suggested that the increased vascularity leads to enhanced epithelial cell migration as a principal means of wound closure. Although studies are underway to elucidate the mechanism of this angiogenic response, the results presented here support the notion that such materials, perhaps in other forms, may be useful in wound care or in other situations where vascularity is to be enhanced without the use of exogenous growth factors. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Surface‐induced cell signaling events control actin rearrangements and motility
Authors: Miller Ian S. , Lynch Iseult , Dowling Denis , Dawson Kenneth A. , Gallagher William M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractUnderstanding the interrelationship between material surface properties and the biological response to such materials remains a fundamental scientific challenge, as well as being of considerable practical importance in medicine. Through the use of a homologous series of copolymers of increasing hydrophobicity, we aimed to illuminate the interplay between material surface hydrophobicity and signalling events within cells in contact with this model system. Extending previous work, we hereby unravel key pathways controlling cell motility and the formation of a stellate phenotype, following interaction with polymer‐coated surfaces. We reveal a comparative increase in cellular motility with increasing surface hydrophilicity, conjoint with an arrest in cell cycle progression. We also show an anomalous turnover of actin within the cell as a function of changing surface hydrophobicity. Finally, we show that cyclic adenosine monophosphate may be an effector of the cellular phenotype, as its production is increased in response to changes in the surface properties. These results highlight important signaling events which control actin rearrangements and the subsequent motility and its effectors. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
W7FW14F apomyoglobin amyloid aggregates‐mediated apoptosis is due to oxidative stress and AKT inactivation caused by Ras and Rac
Authors: Sirangelo Ivana , Iannuzzi Clara , Vilasi Silvia , Irace Gaetano , Giuberti Gaia , Misso Gabriella , D'Alessandro Annamaria , Abbruzzese Alberto , Caraglia Michele 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe have previously reported that addition of prefibrillar aggregates (PFAs) derived from W7FW14F apomyoglobin mutant to NIH‐3T3 cells affects their viability. In this article, we have found that cytotoxicity induced by PFAs in NIH 3T3 and SH‐SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells was due to early activation of apoptotic cell death dependent from a caspase‐3‐ and ‐9‐mediated mitochondrial pathway. A time‐dependent increase of intracellular ROS and an about twofold decrease of mitochondrial localization of scavenger protein MnSOD was found. The use of the anti‐oxidant agent N‐acetyl‐cysteine (NAC) antagonized both the increase of intracellular ROS and apoptosis induced by PFAs. PFAs caused an about 60% increase of the activity of both Ras and Erk‐1/2 at 30 and 45 min while they were restored to basal levels at later time points. This effect was paralleled by a time‐dependent decrease of the activity of the survival enzyme Akt. Effects similar to those on Ras activity were also recorded on the activity of the stress involved small GTP binding protein Rac that was about 75% increased after 30 min but resumed to basal levels at later time points. This effect was paralleled by a time‐dependent activation of p38 kinase activity and HSP‐70 expression. The use of both the ras farnesyltransferase inhibitor tipifarnib and the Rac geranyl‐geranyltransferase GGTI‐298, but not of the MEK‐1 inhibitor U0126 partially antagonized the effects of PFAs on apoptosis occurrence. On the other hand, the PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY 294002 potentiated apoptosis induced by PFAs. Our results indicate a role for Ras and Rac in the induction of both intracellular ROS increased levels and apoptosis mediated by PFAs and disclose a new scenario of intervention in neurodegenerative diseases. J. Cell. Physiol. 221: 412–423, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ring transformation of spirocyclopropanepyrazoles into pyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazoles
Authors: Maruoka Hiroshi , Masumoto Eiichi , Eishima Takafumi , Okabe Fumi , Nishida Sho , Yoshimura Yuki , Fujioka Toshihiro , Yamagata Kenji 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
magnified imageAn approach to pyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazoles starting from spirocyclopropanepyrazoles via a ring‐opening/cyanomethylation and intramolecular cyclization is described. Reactions of spirocyclopropanepyrazoles 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d with chloroacetonitrile in the presence of sodium hydride gave the corresponding cyanomethoxypyrazoles 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d. Treatment of 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d with sodium hydride at room temperature caused intramolecular Michael addition reaction to afford the corresponding pyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazoles 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
One‐pot synthesis of quinazoline‐2,4(1H,3H)‐diones and 2‐thioxoquinazolinones with the aid of low‐valent titanium reagent
Authors: Dou Guo‐Lan , Wang Man‐Man , Huang Zhi‐Bin , Shi Da‐Qing 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
magnified imageAn efficient, convenient, one‐pot synthesis of 2,4(1H,3H)‐quinazolinediones and 2‐thioxoquinazolinones was accomplished in good yields via the novel reductive cyclization of ethyl 2‐nitrobenzoates with isocyanates or isothiocyanates mediated by TiCl4/Zn system. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
Kinetic strategies of patients with shoulder impingement syndrome
Authors: Doiron Yan , Delacroix Sébastien , Denninger Marc , Simoneau Martin 
Published: July 2009

AbstractOur aim was to determine whether subjects with shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS) have abnormal multijoint torque patterns compared to healthy subjects during normalized isometric force along specific directions. Subjects had to generate an isometric force corresponding to 40% of the maximal pain‐free force. Eight targets were displayed on a monitor (0, 45, 90, 135, 180, 225, 270, and 315°). We calculated shoulder and elbow torques (kinetic strategies) using a biomechanical model. Regardless of the target location, the SIS group succeeded in reaching the target; however, when compared to the healthy subjects, they needed more time to do so, suggesting that SIS may slow down the execution of the kinetic strategies. Moreover, the SIS group produced lower shoulder external/internal torque to reach the targets located at 0° and 225°, and they generated greater abduction/adduction torque for targets located at 0, 135, and 180°. In addition, they had lower elbow extension/flexion torque for the target located at 315°. The investigation of atypical kinetic strategies is essential to provide an understanding of the pathomechanics of the SIS and to develop more effective treatment strategies. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:6–11, 2010
Amorphous Carbazole‐based (Co)polymers for OFET Application
Authors: Souharce Benjamin , Kudla Christof J. , Forster Michael , Steiger Jürgen , Anselmann Ralf , Thiem Heiko , Scherf Ullrich 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this contribution, we present the synthesis and characterization of poly[9‐(4‐alkylphenyl)carbazole‐3,6‐diyl] and poly[1,3‐bis(3′‐alkylcarbazole‐9′‐yl)‐5‐alkylphenylene‐6′,6″‐diyl]. The amorphous solid state structure, reasonably good field effect mobility and on/off ratios of these novel carbazole‐based polymers make them promising candidates as hole conducting materials for printed organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs).magnified image
Non‐contrast‐enhanced perfusion and ventilation assessment of the human lung by means of fourier decomposition in proton MRI
Authors: Bauman Grzegorz , Puderbach Michael , Deimling Michael , Jellus Vladimir , Chefd'hotel Christophe , Dinkel Julien , Hintze Christian , Kauczor Hans‐Ulrich , Schad Lothar R. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAssessment of regional lung perfusion and ventilation has significant clinical value for the diagnosis and follow‐up of pulmonary diseases. In this work a new method of non‐contrast‐enhanced functional lung MRI (not dependent on intravenous or inhalative contrast agents) is proposed. A two‐dimensional (2D) true fast imaging with steady precession (TrueFISP) pulse sequence (TR/TE = 1.9 ms/0.8 ms, acquisition time [TA] = 112 ms/image) was implemented on a 1.5T whole‐body MR scanner. The imaging protocol comprised sets of 198 lung images acquired with an imaging rate of 3.33 images/s in coronal and sagittal view. No electrocardiogram (ECG) or respiratory triggering was used. A nonrigid image registration algorithm was applied to compensate for respiratory motion. Rapid data acquisition allowed observing intensity changes in corresponding lung areas with respect to the cardiac and respiratory frequencies. After a Fourier analysis along the time domain, two spectral lines corresponding to both frequencies were used to calculate the perfusion‐ and ventilation‐weighted images. The described method was applied in preliminary studies on volunteers and patients showing clinical relevance to obtain non‐contrast‐enhanced perfusion and ventilation data. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application of subsecond spiral chemical shift imaging to real‐time multislice metabolic imaging of the rat in vivo after injection of hyperpolarized 13C1‐pyruvate
Authors: Mayer Dirk , Yen Yi‐Fen , Tropp James , Pfefferbaum Adolf , Hurd Ralph E. , Spielman Daniel M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDynamic nuclear polarization can create hyperpolarized compounds with MR signal‐to‐noise ratio enhancements on the order of 10,000‐fold. Both exogenous and normally occurring endogenous compounds can be polarized, and their initial concentration and downstream metabolic products can be assessed using MR spectroscopy. Given the transient nature of the hyperpolarized signal enhancement, fast imaging techniques are a critical requirement for real‐time metabolic imaging. We report on the development of an ultrafast, multislice, spiral chemical shift imaging sequence, with subsecond acquisition time, achieved on a clinical MR scanner. The technique was used for dynamic metabolic imaging in rats, with measurement of time‐resolved spatial distributions of hyperpolarized 13C1‐pyruvate and metabolic products 13C1‐lactate and 13C1‐alanine, with a temporal resolution of as fast as 1 s. Metabolic imaging revealed different signal time courses in liver from kidney. These results demonstrate the feasibility of real‐time, hyperpolarized metabolic imaging and highlight its potential in assessing organ‐specific kinetic parameters. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bolus‐tracking MRI with a simultaneous T1‐ and T‐measurement
Authors: Sourbron S. , Heilmann M. , Biffar A. , Walczak C. , Vautier J. , Volk A. , Peller M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to propose and evaluate a methodology to analyze simultaneously acquired T‐weighted dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI and T1‐weighted dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI data. Two generalized models of T‐relaxation are proposed to account for tracer leakage, and a two‐compartment exchange model is used to separate tracer in intra‐ and extravascular spaces. The methods are evaluated using data extracted from ROIs in three mice with subcutaneously implanted human colorectal tumors. Comparing plasma flow values obtained from DCE‐MRI and DSC‐MRI data defines a practical experimental paradigm to measure T‐relaxivities, and reveals a factor of 15 between values in tissue and blood. Comparing mean transit time values obtained from DCE‐MRI and DSC‐MRI without leakage correction, indicates a significant reduction of susceptibility weighting in DSC‐MRI during tracer leakage. A one‐parameter gradient correction model provides a good approximation for this susceptibility loss, but redundancy of the parameter limits the practical potential of this model for DSC‐MRI. Susceptibility loss is modeled more accurately with a variable T‐relaxivity, which allows to extract new parameters that cannot be derived from DSC‐MRI or DCE‐MRI alone. They reflect the cellular and vessel geometry, and thus may lead to a more complete characterization of tissue structure. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reduction of B1 sensitivity in selective single‐slab 3d turbo spin echo imaging with very long echo trains
Authors: Park Jaeseok , Mugler John P. , Hughes Timothy 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSingle‐slab 3D turbo/fast spin echo (SE) imaging with very long echo trains was recently introduced with slab selection using a highly selective excitation pulse and short, nonselective refocusing pulses with variable flip angles for high imaging efficiency. This technique, however, is vulnerable to image degradation in the presence of spatially varying B1 amplitudes. In this work we develop a B1 inhomogeneity‐reduced version of single‐slab 3D turbo/fast SE imaging based on the hypothesis that it is critical to achieve spatially uniform excitation. Slab selection was performed using composite adiabatic selective excitation wherein magnetization is tipped into the transverse plane by a nonselective adiabatic‐half‐passage pulse and then slab is selected by a pair of selective adiabatic‐full‐passage pulses. Simulations and experiments were performed to evaluate the proposed technique and demonstrated that this approach is a simple and efficient way to reduce B1 sensitivity in single‐slab 3D turbo/fast SE imaging with very long echo trains. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of a positron emission tomography (PET)‐compatible field‐cycled MRI (FCMRI) scanner
Authors: Gilbert Kyle M. , Scholl Timothy J. , Handler William B. , Alford Jamu K. , Chronik Blaine A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractField‐cycled MRI (FCMRI) uses two independent, actively controlled resistive magnets to polarize a sample and to provide the magnetic field environment during data acquisition. This separation of tasks allows for novel forms of contrast, reduction of susceptibility artifacts, and a versatility in design that facilitates the integration of a second imaging modality. A 0.3T/4‐MHz FCMRI scanner was constructed with a 9‐cm‐wide opening through the side for the inclusion of a photomultiplier‐tube–based positron emission tomography (PET) system. The performance of the FCMRI scanner was evaluated prior to integrating PET detectors. Quantitative measurements of the system's signal, phase, and temperature were recorded. The polarizing and readout magnets could be operated continuously at 100 A without risk of damage to the system. Transient instabilities in the readout magnet, caused by the pulsing of the polarizing magnet, dissipated in 50 ms; this resulted in a steady‐state homogeneity of 32 Hz over a 7‐cm‐diameter volume. The short‐ and long‐term phase behaviors of the readout field were sufficiently stable to prevent visible readout or phase‐encode artifacts during imaging. Preliminary MR images demonstrated the potential of the FCMRI scanner and the efficacy of integrating a PET system. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Time‐resolved three‐dimensional (3D) phase‐contrast (PC) balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP)
Authors: Santini Francesco , Wetzel Stephan G. , Bock Jelena , Markl Michael , Scheffler Klaus 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this study the feasibility of a time‐resolved, three‐dimensional (3D), three‐directional flow‐sensitive balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) sequence is demonstrated. Due to its high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) this type of sequence is particularly effective for acquisition of blood and CSF flow velocities. Flow sensitivity was achieved with the phase‐contrast (PC) technique, implementing a custom algorithm for calculation of optimal gradient parameters. Techniques to avoid the most important sources of bSSFP‐related artifacts (including distortion due to eddy currents and signal voids due to flow‐related steady‐state disruption) are also presented. The technique was validated by means of a custom flow phantom, and in vivo experiments on blood and CSF were performed to demonstrate the suitability of this sequence for human studies. Accurate depiction of blood flow in the cerebral veins and of CSF flow in the cervical portion of the neck was obtained. Possible applications of this technique might include the study of CSF flow patterns, direct in vivo study of pathologies such as hydrocephalus and Chiari malformation, and validation for the existing CSF circulation model. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Peer victimization and pediatric obesity: A review of the literature
Authors: Gray Wendy N. , Kahhan Nicole A. , Janicke David M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractChildhood obesity is associated with a variety of medical and psychosocial consequences. Children who are obese are at an increased risk of being victims of weight‐based stigmatization by their peers. Negative views toward obese individuals may be expressed through children's friendship selections and expressed levels of overt (e.g., pushing, hitting) and relational (e.g., spreading rumors, weight‐based teasing) forms of aggression. This report provides a review of the existing research on peer victimization and its impact on children's psychological, social, and behavioral functioning. Interventions for weight‐based stigmatization and victimization are reviewed, and recommendations to improve the effectiveness of such interventions are provided. Future directions for the research literature are suggested to address limitations in the extant literature and highlight potential areas of inquiry that can provide information for the development of effective interventions for the victimization of obese youth. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.