bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dismantling the myth of “all foods fit” in eating disorder treatment
Authors: Brewerton Timothy D. , Dennis Kim , Wiss David A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe call for a reevaluation of the long-standing dogmatic nutritional principle that “all foods fit” for all cases of eating disorders (EDs) and its corollary, “there are no bad foods” (for anyone ever) during ED treatment. Based on accumulated scientific research, we challenge these ideologies as outdated, confusing, and potentially harmful to many patients. We review the evidence that indicates the folly of these assumptions and show there are a variety of exceptions to these rules, including (1) food allergies, sensitivities, and intolerances, (2) religious and spiritual preferences or doctrines, and (3) the ubiquitous emergence and widespread availability of ultra-processed foods leading to the potential development of addiction-like eating and a higher prevalence of various medical and psychiatric comorbidities, as well as higher mortality. This evidence supports a nutritional psychiatry approach that should be integrated into (rather than dissociated from) ED treatment research and practice.
Rapid detection of virulence-related genes by multiplex PCR in five pathogenic bacteria of mulberry bacterial wilt
Authors: Yuan Ting , Qazi Izhar Hyder , Huang Xinpeng , Liu Jiping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMulberry bacterial wilt is a devastating disease that is difficult to control and causes serious economic losses to the sericulture industry. This disease is mostly caused by a diverse group of pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria including,Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum,Pantoea ananatis,Enterobacter cloacaecomplex (ECC),Klebsiella pneumoniaespecies complex (KpSC), andK. oxytocacomplex (KoC). Due to the lack of a rapid and reliable test to simultaneously detect these complex pathogens of mulberry wilt, we developed a multiplex PCR (mPCR) assay to detect five virulence-related genes carried by the pathogenic bacteria of mulberry bacterial wilt disease. The primers were designed for the virulence-related genes:pleD(GGDF structural domain-containing protein),yjfP(esterase),pelY(peripheral pectate lyase),ampD(N-acetyl-anhydromuranmyl-L-alanine amidase), andripW(type III effector). Overall, the developed mPCR assay showed highly specific, sensitive and reproducible detection of target pathogens. Briefly, the results showed that the mPCR was highly specific in individual reactions, and the lowest detection concentration of the five pathogenic bacteria was 1.87 × 103 CFU/mL (DNA = 2.45 pg/μL). From 46 natural mulberry wilt samples, the mPCR detection rates ofP. ananatis,ECC,KpSC,KoCandR. pseudosolanacearumwere 8.69, 91.3, 34.7, 23.9 and 65.21%, respectively. The traditional culture media isolation methods showed comparable results. The pathogenicity test of 84 suspected pathogenic bacteria revealed that the morbidity (average morbidity level) caused by the pathogenic bacteria detected by mPCR was ≥ 65.5%, while the morbidity of the undetected pathogenic bacteria was ≤ 35.5%. Based on these results, we believe that the mPCR developed in the present study will be useful in rapid, reproducible, and sensitive detection of the pathogenic bacteria causing mulberry bacterial wilt including,R. pseudosolanacearum,P. ananatis,ECC,KpSC, andKoC.Graphical abstract
Therapeutic potential of oleic acid supplementation in myotonic dystrophy muscle cell models
Authors: Moreno Nerea , Sabater-Arcis Maria , Sevilla Teresa , Alonso Manuel Perez , Ohana Jessica , Bargiela Ariadna , Artero Ruben 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
We recently reported that upregulation of Musashi 2 (MSI2) protein in the rare neuromuscular disease myotonic dystrophy type 1 contributes to the hyperactivation of the muscle catabolic processes autophagy and UPS through a reduction in miR-7 levels. Because oleic acid (OA) is a known allosteric regulator of MSI2 activity in the biogenesis of miR-7, here we sought to evaluate endogenous levels of this fatty acid and its therapeutic potential in rescuing cell differentiation phenotypes in vitro. In this work, four muscle cell lines derived from DM1 patients were treated with OA for 24 h, and autophagy and muscle differentiation parameters were analyzed.

Results
We demonstrate a reduction of OA levels in different cell models of the disease. OA supplementation rescued disease-related phenotypes such as fusion index, myotube diameter, and repressed autophagy. This involved inhibiting MSI2 regulation of direct molecular target miR-7 since OA isoschizomer, elaidic acid (EA) could not cause the same rescues. Reduction of OA levels seems to stem from impaired biogenesis since levels of the enzyme stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), responsible for converting stearic acid to oleic acid, are decreased in DM1 and correlate with OA amounts.

Conclusions
For the first time in DM1, we describe a fatty acid metabolism impairment that originated, at least in part, from a decrease in SCD1. Because OA allosterically inhibits MSI2 binding to molecular targets, reduced OA levels synergize with the overexpression of MSI2 and contribute to the MSI2 > miR-7 > autophagy axis that we proposed to explain the muscle atrophy phenotype.
Effects of Metreleptin in Patients With Generalized Lipodystrophy Before vs After the Onset of Severe Metabolic Disease
Authors: Brush Maiah , Auh Sungyoung , Cochran Elaine , Tuska Rebecca , Koh Christopher , Kleiner David E , Lightbourne Marissa , Brown Rebecca J 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Context
Leptin replacement therapy with metreleptin improves metabolic abnormalities in patients with generalized lipodystrophy (GLD).

Objective
Determine how timing of metreleptin initiation in the clinical course of GLD affects long-term metabolic health.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of patients ≥6 months old with congenital (n = 47) or acquired (n = 16) GLD treated with metreleptin at the National Institutes of Health since 2001. Least squares means for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin area under the curve from oral glucose tolerance tests, triglycerides, urine protein excretion, platelets, transaminases, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to Platelet Ratio Index for early and late treatment groups, defined by baseline metabolic health, were analyzed during median 72 (24-108) months’ follow-up.

Results
Compared to late groups, early groups based on metabolic status had higher mean ± SEM insulin area under the curve (20 831 ± 1 vs 11 948 ± 1), lower HbA1c (5.3 ± 0.3 vs 6.8 ± 0.3%), triglycerides (101 ± 1 vs 193 ± 1 mg/dL), urine protein excretion (85 ± 1.5 vs 404 ± 1.4 mg/24 h), alanine aminotransferase (30 ± 1 vs 53 ± 1 U/L), AST (23 ± 1 vs 40 ± 1 U/L), and AST to Platelet Ratio Index (0.22 ± 1.3 vs 0.78 ± 1.3), and higher platelets (257 ± 24 vs 152 ± 28 K/µL) during follow-up (P &lt; .05). Compared to patients ≥6 years old at baseline, patients &lt;6 years had lower HbA1c (4.5 ± 0.5 vs 6.4 ± 0.2%) and higher AST (40 ± 1vs 23 ± 1 U/L) during follow (P &lt; .05).

Conclusion
Patients with GLD who initiated metreleptin before the onset of severe metabolic complications had better long-term control of diabetes, proteinuria, and hypertriglyceridemia. Early treatment may also result is less severe progression of liver fibrosis, but further histological studies are needed to determine the effects of metreleptin therapy on liver disease.
Royal Authority, Ritual, and the Bureaucratic Career of the Descendants of Li Rusong and Rumei in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Chosŏn
Authors: Han Seunghyun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This essay examines Chosŏn monarchs’ patronage of the Nongsŏ Yi clan, a representative Ming descent group in Chosŏn, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The clan claimed its descent from Li Rusong and Rumei, the commanders of the Ming expeditionary forces during the Imjin War. This essay investigates the bureaucratic advancement of Li Rusong and Rumei's descendants, closely analyzing the monarchs’ roles in making the clan a military yangban family and the obstacles that constrained such royal endeavors. It will also illuminate the close relationship between the intensification of Ming loyalism and the surging bureaucratic fortunes of the Nongsŏ Yi clan, placing special emphasis on how the rulers made use of Ming loyalist rituals to nurture the careers of the Nongsŏ Yi. This study also examines the bureaucratic vicissitudes of the Nongsŏ Yi during the nineteenth century, when the rulers exhibited a diminished interest in boosting Ming loyalism. This essay will also shed light on the status of Ming loyalism and the changing nature of rulership in nineteenth-century Chosŏn.
The Drosophila Nesprin-1 homolog MSP300 is required for muscle autophagy and proteostasis
Authors: van der Graaf Kevin , Srivastav Saurabh , Nishad Rajkishor , Stern Michael , McNew James A. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Nesprin proteins, which are components of the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, are located within the nuclear envelope and play prominent roles in nuclear architecture. For example, LINC complex proteins interact with both chromatin and the cytoskeleton. Here, we report that the Drosophila Nesprin MSP300 has an additional function in autophagy within larval body wall muscles. RNAi-mediated MSP300 knockdown in larval body wall muscles resulted in defects in the contractile apparatus, muscle degeneration and defective autophagy. In particular, MSP300 knockdown caused accumulation of cytoplasmic aggregates that contained poly-ubiquitylated cargo, as well as the autophagy receptor ref(2)P (the fly homolog of p62 or SQSTM) and Atg8a. Furthermore, MSP300 knockdown larvae expressing an mCherry–GFP-tagged Atg8a transgene exhibited aberrant persistence of the GFP signal within these aggregates, indicating failure of autophagosome maturation. These autophagy deficits were similar to those exhibited by loss of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) fusion protein Atlastin (Atl), raising the possibility that Atl and MSP300 might function in the same pathway. In support of this possibility, we found that a GFP-tagged MSP300 protein trap exhibited extensive localization to the ER. Alteration of ER-directed MSP300 might abrogate important cytoskeletal contacts necessary for autophagosome completion.
Biphasic burrowing in Atlantic hagfish (Myxine limosa)
Authors: Fudge Douglas S. , Lee Joshua , Guillen Kennedy , Donatelli Cassandra M. , Lowe Andrew , Arnold Luke , Kahale-Lua Keolani , Quinteros Christian , Ly Peter , Atkins Larissa , Bressman Noah , McCord Charlene L. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Myxine limosa is a burrowing species of hagfish that occurs in the western North Atlantic in areas with muddy substrate and at depths generally greater than 100 meters. Burrowing of M. limosa has been observed from submersibles, but little is known about the behavior of these animals within the substrate or the biomechanical mechanisms involved. Here, we investigated burrowing in M. limosa by observing individuals as they burrowed through transparent gelatin. A photoelastic setup using crossed polarizers allowed us to visualize stress development in the gelatin as the hagfish moved through it. We found that M. limosa created U-shaped burrows in gelatin using a stereotyped, two-phase burrowing behavior. In the first (‘thrash’) phase, hagfish drove their head and their anterior body into the substrate using vigorous sinusoidal swimming movements, with their head moving side-to-side. In the second (‘wriggle’) phase, swimming movements ceased, with propulsion coming exclusively from the anterior, submerged portion of body. The wriggle phase involved side-to-side head movements and movements of the submerged part of the body that resembled the internal concertina strategy used by caecilians and uropeltid snakes. The entire burrowing process took on average 7.6 min to complete and ended with the hagfish's head protruding from the substrate and the rest of its body generally concealed. Understanding the burrowing activities of hagfishes could lead to improved understanding of sediment turnover in marine benthic habitats, new insights into the reproductive behavior of hagfishes, or even inspiration for the design of burrowing robots.
Advantages of oral collagen supplementation. Review of the literature
Authors: Kotowicz Zuzanna , Pich-Czekierda Aleksandra , Proszowska Patrycja , Orzeł Adrianna , Sieniawska Daria , Madoń Magda , Sieniawska Julia 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionCollagen is a protein that has found widespread use both as an ingredient in cosmetics applied externally and as an oral supplement. This substance is obtained from a number of animal sources, including bovine tissues, as well as marine fish. The characteristic properties of collagen peptides, such as scientifically proven anti-inflammatory effects, activation of fibroblast skin cells, stimulation of synovial cells to produce hyaluronic acid, and much more make this type of supplement promising in improving the body's general condition and in alleviating the symptoms of many ailments. Numerous scientific studies have shown that supplementation with hydrolyzed collagen has a beneficial effect on both the overall condition of the skin by improving its elasticity, hydration level, and positive action on its protective barrier and on the musculoskeletal system, where, when combined with appropriately selected physical activity, it can help to reduce pain associated with conditions such as osteoarthritis and even increase the range of movement in the joints. Easy availability, user-friendly forms of administration, such as powders or ready-to-drink liquid formulations, and a low incidence of side effects make this supplementation highly beneficial for users. Aim of the studyThis study aims to discuss the known processes and review the evidence supporting the beneficial effects of hydrolyzed collagen supplementation on the human skin and musculoskeletal system.Material and methodThis article presents the current state of knowledge about the benefits of oral collagen peptide supplementation in various scientific articles. Publications describing the mechanisms of action and the effects of collagen supplementation on skin conditions and the musculoskeletal system, including recent reports in this field, were reviewed using the PubMed platform. The search included the keywords ‘collagen’, ‘collagen supplementation’, ‘nutritional supplement’, ‘recovery’
The Gatekeeper Effect: The Implications of Pre-Screening, Self-Selection, and Bias for Hiring Processes
Authors: Koren Moran 
Published: May 2024

We study the problem of screening in decision-making processes under uncertainty, while focusing on the impact of adding an additional screening stage, commonly known as a “gatekeeper.” Although our main analysis is rooted in the context of job market hiring, the principles and findings are broadly applicable to areas such as educational admissions, patient healthcare selection, and financial loan approvals. The gatekeeper’s role is to assess applicant suitability before significant costs are incurred. Our study reveals that although gatekeepers are designed to streamline selection processes by filtering out the candidates who are less likely to be selected, sometimes they inadvertently affect the candidate’s own decision-making process. We explore the conditions under which the introduction of a gatekeeper can enhance or impede the efficiency of these processes. Additionally, we consider how gatekeeping strategies can be adapted to influence the accuracy of selection decisions. Our research also extends to scenarios in which gatekeeping is influenced by historical biases, particularly in competitive settings like hiring. We discover that candidates confronted with a statistically biased gatekeeping process are more likely to withdraw from the job application process, thereby perpetuating the previously mentioned historical biases. The study suggests that measures such as affirmative action can effectively address these biases. Although centered on hiring, the insights and methodologies from our study have significant implications for a wide range of fields to which screening and gatekeeping are integral. This paper has been This paper was accepted by Nicolas Stier-Moses for the Special Issue on the Human-Algorithm Connection. Funding: Financial support from the Center of Mathematical Sciences and Applications (CMSA) at Harvard University and the Ministry of Science and Technology of Israel (Yitzhak Shamir Fellowship) is gratefully acknowledged.
Factors associated with differential seropositivity to Leptospira interrogans and Leptospira kirschneri in a high transmission urban setting for leptospirosis in Brazil
Authors: de Oliveira Daiana , Khalil Hussein , Almerinda G. Palma Fabiana , Santana Roberta , Nery Nivison , C. Quintero-Vélez Juan , Zeppelini Caio Graco , Almeida do Sacramento Gielson , Cruz Jaqueline S. , Lustosa Ricardo , Santana Ferreira Igor , Carvalho-Pereira Ticiana , Diggle Peter J. , Wunder Elsio A. , I. Ko Albert , Alzate Lopez Yeimi , Begon Mike , G. Reis Mitermayer , Costa Federico 
Published: May 2024

Background
Leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by pathogenic species of bacteria belonging to the genus Leptospira. Most studies infer the epidemiological patterns of a single serogroup or aggregate all serogroups to estimate overall seropositivity, thus not exploring the risks of exposure to distinct serogroups. The present study aims to delineate the demographic, socioeconomic and environmental factors associated with seropositivity of Leptospira serogroup Icterohaemorraghiae and serogroup Cynopteri in an urban high transmission setting for leptospirosis in Brazil.

Methods/Principal findings
We performed a cross-sectional serological study in five informal urban communities in the city of Salvador, Brazil. During the years 2018, 2020 2021, we recruited 2.808 residents and collected blood samples for serological analysis using microagglutination assays. We used a fixed-effect multinomial logistic regression model to identify risk factors associated with seropositivity for each serogroup. Seropositivity to Cynopteri increased with each year of age (OR 1.03; 95% CI 1.01–1.06) and was higher in those living in houses with unplastered walls (exposed brick) (OR 1.68; 95% CI 1.09–2.59) and where cats were present near the household (OR 2.00; 95% CI 1.03–3.88). Seropositivity to Icterohaemorrhagiae also increased with each year of age (OR 1.02; 95% CI 1.01–1.03) and was higher in males (OR 1.51; 95% CI 1.09–2.10), in those with work-related exposures (OR 1.71; 95% CI 1.10–2.66) or who had contact with sewage (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.00–2.03). Spatial analysis showed differences in distribution of seropositivity to serogroups Icterohaemorrhagiae and Cynopteri within the five districts where study communities were situated.

Conclusions/Significance
Our data suggest distinct epidemiological patterns associated with the Icterohaemorrhagiae and Cynopteri serogroups in the urban environment at high risk for leptospirosis and with differences in spatial niches. We emphasize the need for studies that accurately identify the different pathogenic serogroups that circulate and infect residents of low-income areas.
Female genital mutilation and safer sex negotiation among women in sexual unions in sub-Saharan Africa: Analysis of demographic and health survey data
Authors: Aboagye Richard Gyan , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Frimpong James Boadu , Adu Collins , Hagan John Elvis , Ahmed Salma A. E. , Yaya Sanni 
Published: May 2024

Background
The practice of female genital mutilation is associated with harmful social norms promoting violence against girls and women. Various studies have been conducted to examine the prevalence of female genital mutilation and its associated factors. However, there has been limited studies conducted to assess the association between female genital mutilation and markers of women’s autonomy, such as their ability to negotiate for safer sex. In this study, we examined the association between female genital mutilation and women’s ability to negotiate for safer sex in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

Methods
We pooled data from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted from 2010 to 2020. Data from a sample of 50,337 currently married and cohabiting women from eleven sub-Saharan African countries were included in the study. A multilevel binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between female genital mutilation and women’s ability to refuse sex and ask their partners to use condom. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to present the findings of the logistic regression analysis. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.

Results
Female genital mutilation was performed on 56.1% of women included in our study. The highest and lowest prevalence of female genital mutilation were found among women from Guinea (96.3%) and Togo (6.9%), respectively. We found that women who had undergone female genital mutilation were less likely to refuse sex from their partners (aOR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.86, 0.96) and ask their partners to use condoms (aOR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.78, 0.86) compared to those who had not undergone female genital mutilation.

Conclusion
Female genital mutilation hinders women’s ability to negotiate for safer sex. It is necessary to implement health education and promotion interventions (e.g., decision making skills) that assist women who have experienced female genital mutilation to negotiate for safer sex. These interventions are crucial to enhance sexual health outcomes for these women. Further, strict enforcement of policies and laws aimed at eradicating the practice of female genital mutilation are encouraged to help contribute to the improvement of women’s reproductive health.
Artificial intelligence augmented home sleep apnea testing device study (AISAP study)
Authors: Sharma Sunil , Olgers Kassandra , Knollinger Scott , Somisetty Saivenkat , Seol Calvin , Yanamala Naveena 
Published: May 2024

Study objective
This study aimed to prospectively validate the performance of an artificially augmented home sleep apnea testing device (WVU-device) and its patented technology.

Methodology
The WVU-device, utilizing patent pending (US 20210001122A) technology and an algorithm derived from cardio-pulmonary physiological parameters, comorbidities, and anthropological information was prospectively compared with a commercially available and Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) approved home sleep apnea testing (HSAT) device. The WVU-device and the HSAT device were applied on separate hands of the patient during a single night study. The oxygen desaturation index (ODI) obtained from the WVU-device was compared to the respiratory event index (REI) derived from the HSAT device.

Results
A total of 78 consecutive patients were included in the prospective study. Of the 78 patients, 38 (48%) were women and 9 (12%) had a Fitzpatrick score of 3 or higher. The ODI obtained from the WVU-device corelated well with the HSAT device, and no significant bias was observed in the Bland-Altman curve. The accuracy for ODI > = 5 and REI > = 5 was 87%, for ODI> = 15 and REI > = 15 was 89% and for ODI> = 30 and REI of > = 30 was 95%. The sensitivity and specificity for these ODI /REI cut-offs were 0.92 and 0.78, 0.91 and 0.86, and 0.94 and 0.95, respectively.

Conclusion
The WVU-device demonstrated good accuracy in predicting REI when compared to an approved HSAT device, even in patients with darker skin tones.