bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Summary of ‘Nebulized hypertonic saline solution for acute bronchiolitis in infants’
Authors: Office Evidence‐Based Child Health Editorial 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis is a summary of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Zhang L, Mendoza‐Sassi RA, Wainwright C, Klassen TP. Nebulized hypertonic saline solution for acute bronchiolitis in infants. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD006458. DOI: 10.1002/14 651 858.CD006458.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Commentary. Copyright © 2010 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentary on ‘Regular treatment with formoterol and inhaled steroids for chronic persistent asthma: serious adverse events’
Authors: Elkout Hajer , Helms Peter J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Cates CJ, Lasserson TJ, Jaeschke R. Regular treatment with formoterol and inhaled steroids for chronic asthma: serious adverse events.Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews2009, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD006924. DOI: 10.1002/14 651 858.CD006924.pub2.Further information for thisCochrane reviewis available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanyingSummaryarticle. Copyright © 2010 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Anxiety above the clouds
Authors: Moja Lorenzo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe first in this series of Dr Cochrane clinical vignettes is based upon an overview of Cochrane Reviews that was published in the previous issue of Evidence‐Based Child Health: Manassis K, Russell K, Newton AS: The Cochrane Library and the treatment on childhood and adolescent anxiety disorders: an overview of reviews. Evid‐Based Child Health 2010, 5: 541–554.Dr Cochrane is a unique self‐learning experience—the integration of Cochrane evidence with a quirky fictional story and multiple‐choice questions provides readers with the opportunity to explore and understand the applicability of a Cochrane Review or Overview in a new way.In this series of fictional clinical vignettes, Dr Cochrane travels across time from the past century to the present day, to solve clinical problems using evidence from Cochrane Reviews. Read the associated article and/or listen to the Evidence‐Based Child Health podcast available online at www.cochrane.org/podcasts/ and then test your knowledge with six multiple choice questions. You can find the answers to the questions on page 1547.In the next issue of Evidence‐based Child Health, Dr Cochrane explores the evidence for chronic cough, based upon the Cochrane Overview available in this issue (Russell K, Chang AB, Foisy M, Thomson D, Williams K: The Cochrane Library and the Treatment of Chronic Cough in Children: An Overview of Reviews. Evid‐Based Child Health 2010, 5: 1196–1205). Copyright © 2010 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Synthesis and Reactivity of Iridacycles Containing the TpMe2Ir Moiety
Authors: Paneque Margarita , Poveda Manuel L. , Rendón Nuria 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe TpMe2Ir moiety has proven to easily promote the formal oxidative addition reactions of unsaturated molecules, with or without concomitant formation of carbon–carbon bonds, to form metallacyclic species. The ring sizes may range between having 5‐ and 7 members, and these metallacycles exhibit a rich reactivity. Some of these metallacycles represent stable models of intermediates proposed in catalytic processes such as alkyne cyclotrimerization or olefin/alkyne coupling. The stability of these TpMe2IrIII species allows the mechanistic investigation of the reactions observed, by way of the isolation and/or trapping of intermediates.
Oxidation of Sulfides with a Silica‐Supported Peracid in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide under Flow Conditions: Tuning Chemoselectivity with Pressure
Authors: Mello Rossella , Olmos Andrea , Alcalde‐Aragonés Ana , Díaz‐Rodríguez Alba , González Núñez María Elena , Asensio Gregorio 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSupercritical carbon dioxide is a convenient medium for performing the selective oxidation of sulfides 1 to either sulfoxides 2 or sulfones 3 with [2‐percarboxyethyl]‐functionalized silica (4) under flow conditions. The chemoselectivity of the reaction, which results from the different diffusion rates of sulfide and sulfoxide over the reagent bed, can be controlled by adjusting the pressure and the hydration of the silica surface as both the solvating power of the mobile phase and the surface activity of the stationary phase determine the migration rates of sulfide 1 and sulfoxide 2 over the supported peroxide. The results elucidate the impact of surface phenomena on the course of chemical reactions carried out under flow conditions.
New method for prefractionation of plasma for proteomic analysis
Authors: Fitzgerald Anna , Walsh Bradley J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe depth of proteome analysis is severely limited in complex samples with a wide dynamic range of protein abundance such as plasma. Removal of high‐abundance proteins should reveal the signal of lower abundance plasma proteins. However, smaller proteins may be part of larger protein complexes and hence the removal of proteins involved in complexes with high‐abundance proteins such as albumin may inhibit the search for disease biomarkers. Prefractionation of a sample divides it into fractions of reduced complexity, allowing improved detection of lower abundance proteins. Using a prefractionation device, which employs Gradiflow™ technology, we were able to separate small volume plasma samples into multiple fractions based on the molecular weight and/or charge. The resulting samples of reduced complexity were directly compatible with 2‐DE. The use of this prefractionation machine may therefore be useful in the hunt for disease biomarkers.
Capillary electrophoresis for analysis of microheterogeneous glutelin subunits in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Katsube‐Tanaka Tomoyuki , Iida Shuichi , Yamaguchi Takeshi , Nakano Junichi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractGlutelin, the major storage protein of rice seed, consists of microheterogenous subunits and partially exists in a macromolecular form that is polymerized by intersubunit disulfide bonds. In order to analyze the glutelin subunits using high‐throughput CE, we first identified a sample preparation procedure suitable for CE. The polymerized glutelin treated with a reductant could not dissociate into its constituent monomer subunits when it was dissolved in an acidic solution. However, the glutelin dissociated into its subunits and component α and β polypeptides when it was denatured and reduced by an appropriate amount of urea and 2‐mercaptoethanol at a specific incubation time and temperature. The molecular species of the completely dissociated α and β polypeptides were identified and quantitatively analyzed by CE using glutelin mutants. The CE analysis also demonstrated that the actual subunit variation in terms of the charge and/or size of the β polypeptides is much smaller than predicted when compared with that of α polypeptides, even under denaturing and reducing condition. Thus, the combined analytical system described here will be useful for basic and applied research, such as the kinetic characterization of higher‐order structure and the quantitative evaluation of glutelin in a large number of diverse rice varieties.
Production of an extracellular lipase from Candida lipolytica and parameter significance analysis by Plackett‐Burman design
Authors: Ali Sikander , Rafi Hameedullah , Ikram‐ul‐Haq  
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe enzyme lipase (triacylglycerol hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.3) hydrolyses triacylglycerols to fatty acids, mono‐ and di‐acylglycerols along with a glycerol moiety and are important biocatalysts in industrial applications. In this study, the production of a novel extracellular lipase by Candida lipolytica NRRL‐Y‐1095 using shaking culture was performed. Different chemically enriched fermentation media were evaluated for enzyme activity and one was found to be optimal. Temperature (30°C), initial pH (6) and rate of incubation (48 h) were found complimentary for better enzyme secretion from the yeast cells. The size of inoculum (4 mL, 16 h old) was also optimized. Urea and olive oil at a level of 2 and 1.5 (% w/v) were found to be the best sole nitrogen and carbon sources, respectively. Over 50‐fold enhancement in lipase production (4.01 U) was achieved by the culture when the process parameters including incubation period, sucrose level, initial pH, inoculum size and addition of urea were further identified using the 2‐factorial Plackett–Burman experimental design and response surface methodology. In particular, the addition of 5 g/L sugar under the optimized conditions depicted that the results were highly significant (p≤0.05). Further studies will aim at scale‐up studies in a rotary or drum bioreactor as a pre‐requisite for the commercial exploitation of the batch process.
Systems biotechnology – Rational whole‐cell biocatalyst and bioprocess design
Authors: Kuhn Daniel , Blank Lars M. , Schmid Andreas , Bühler Bruno 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMicrobial biocatalysis has emerged to a standard technology in the food, feed, pharmaceutical, and fine chemical industries. Since microorganisms are optimized by nature to maximize survival and typically not for the high‐level accumulation of any sort of product, effective engineering strategies are required to satisfy the growing demand of new, economically competitive, and environmentally friendly products and processes. Random mutagenesis and subsequent selection used to be successful strateges, despite the fact that genetic changes were often not clear and include potentially unwanted detrimental alterations. The recent advances in systems biology research allow a genome‐scale characterization of the complex composition and function of cells. We consider it important to recognize that the comprehensive understanding of a bioprocess is not restricted to the quantitative description of cellular functions but, in addition, includes analyses and evaluations on the reaction and process level. Using today's unprecedented toolbox, new whole‐cell catalyst design targets can be systematically identified and the properties of microbial hosts can be specifically fine‐tuned according to the requirements of a given bioprocess. This review proposes an integrated strategy as a holistic knowledge‐driven approach for systems biotechnology and summarizes recent advances on the basis of selected examples.
Reactive power planning with voltage stability enhancement using covariance matrix adapted evolution strategy
Authors: Jeyadevi S. , Baskar S. , Iruthayarajan M. Willjuice 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis paper presents the application of Covariance matrix adapted evolution strategy (CMAES) to reactive power planning (RPP) problem by minimizing the combined total cost of energy loss and the allocation cost of additional reactive power sources. Voltage stability index (L‐index) is considered as an additional constraint in order to include the system stability into account. To improve the search efficiency of CMAES, penalty parameter‐less scheme is employed for constraint handling. To determine the performance of the CMAES method on reactive power planning problem, IEEE‐30 bus test system and Tamil Nadu Electricity Board (TNEB)‐69 bus system (a practical system in India) are taken. For comparison purposes, the results of real‐coded GA (RGA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), sequential quadratic programming (SQP), and Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS) methods are considered. The simulation results reveal that the CMAES algorithm performs better in terms of energy cost, investment cost, and consistency in getting optimal solution. Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) conditions are also applied on the best solution obtained using CMAES algorithm to substantiate a claim on optimality. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A runs test‐based method for discrimination between internal faults and inrush currents in power transformers
Authors: Fani Bahador , Golshan M. E. H. , Abyaneh H. A. , Saghaian‐nejad M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA new method based on runs test is proposed to distinguish the inrush currents from the internal faults in power transformers, which is derived from the inherent differences between these waveforms. First, two statistical hypotheses that represent these differences are defined. Then by testing these hypotheses using runs test and by comparing the outputs of the hypotheses, a criterion to identify the internal fault is obtained. A total of 200 experimental cases are used to test the performance of the technique. In all of the tests, the proposed method accurately distinguished between fault and inrush currents without any errors. Also the suitable performance of the method is demonstrated by simulation of different faults and switching conditions on a power transformer. For this purpose, a small part of Iran power system involving a power transformer and the transmission lines on both sides of the transformer has been considered. To include effective factors on differential current components, the elements of this power system have been precisely modeled in PSCAD/EMTDC. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New eudesmane‐type sesquiterpenoids and other volatile constituents from the roots of Gynura bicolor DC.
Authors: Shimizu Yasuhiro , Imayoshi Yuriko , Kato Mika , Maeda Kazuhiro , Iwabuchi Hisakatsu , Shimomura Koichiro 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDiethyl ether extracts from fresh, field‐grown plant roots and the thin roots of the cultured plantlet were analysed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), and their constituents were compared. Of the components identified, major components of the field‐grown plant roots were revealed to be sesquiterpene hydrocarbons such as (E)‐caryophyllene, α‐humulene, and germacrenes A, B, and C. (E)‐β‐Farnesene and germacrene C were predominant in the roots of the cultured plantlet. Three new sesquiterpenoids, gynuradienol (1), hydroperoxy‐gynuradiene (2), and gynurenol (3) were isolated from the field‐grown plant roots and their chemical structures were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra together with five known sesquiterpenoids, eudesm‐11‐en‐4α‐ol (4), intermedeol (5), alismol (6), alismoxide (7), (2E,6E)‐3‐isopropyl‐6‐methyl‐10‐oxoundeca‐2,6‐dienal (8), and a polyacetylenic compound, 1‐tridecene‐3,5,7,9,11‐pentayne (9). Furthermore, characteristic green, moldy, and earthy aromas of the field‐grown plant roots, which were remarkably different from those of the thin roots of the cultured plantlet, were revealed to be contributed by four methoxypyrazines, 2‐methoxy‐3‐isopropylpyrazine (10), 2‐methoxy‐3‐sec‐butylpyrazine (11), 2‐methoxy‐3‐isopropyl‐5‐methylpyrazine (12), and 2‐methoxy‐3‐sec‐butyl‐5‐ methoxypyrazine (14) using a combination of GC‐MS and GC‐olfactometry (GC‐O). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flow past a square cylinder at low Reynolds numbers
Authors: Sen Subhankar , Mittal Sanjay , Biswas Gautam 
Published: October 2010

AbstractResults are presented for the flow past a stationary square cylinder at zero incidence for Reynolds number, Re ⩽ 150. A stabilized finite‐element formulation is employed to discretize the equations of incompressible fluid flow in two‐dimensions. For the first time, values of the laminar separation Reynolds number, Res, and separation angle, θs, at Res are predicted. Also, the variation of θs with Re is presented. It is found that the steady separation initiates at Re = 1.15. Contrary to the popular belief that separation originates at the rear sharp corners, it is found to originate from the base point, i.e. θs=180∘ at Re = Res. For Re > 5, θs approaches the limit of 135 ∘. The length of the separation bubble increases approximately linearly with increasing Re. The drag coefficient varies as Re−0.66. Flow characteristics at Re ⩽ 40 are also presented for elliptical cylinders of aspect ratios 0.2, 0.5, 0.8 and 1 (circle) having the same characteristic dimension as the square and major axis oriented normal to the free‐stream. Compared with a circular cylinder, the flow separates at a much lower Re from a square cylinder leading to the formation of a bigger wake (larger bubble length and width). Consequently, at a given Re, the drag on a square cylinder is more than the drag of a circular cylinder. This suggests that a cylinder with square section is more bluff than the one with circular section. Among all the cylinder shapes studied, the square cylinder with sharp corners generates the largest amount of drag. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A direct reinitialization approach of level‐set/splitting finite element method for simulating incompressible two‐phase flows
Authors: Cho Myung H. , Choi Hyoung G. , Yoo Jung Y. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractComputation of a moving interface by the level‐set (LS) method typically requires reinitialization of LS function. An inaccurate execution of reinitialization results in incorrect free surface capturing and thus errors such as mass gain/loss so that an accurate and robust reinitialization process in the LS method is essential for the simulation of free surface flows. In the present study, we pursue further development of the reinitialization process, which directly corrects the LS function after advection is carried out by using the normal vector to the interface instead of solving the reinitialization equation of hyperbolic type. The Taylor–Galerkin method is adopted to discretize the advection equation of the LS function and the P1P1 splitting finite element method is applied to solve the Navier–Stokes equation. The proposed algorithm is validated with the well‐known benchmark problems, i.e. stretching of a circular fluid element, time‐reversed single‐vortex, solitary wave propagation, broken dam flow and filling of a container. The simulation results of these flows are in good agreement with previously existing experimental and numerical results. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Cartesian grid method for two‐phase gel dynamics on an irregular domain
Authors: Du Jian , Fogelson Aaron L. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe develop a numerical method for simulating models of two‐phase gel dynamics in an irregular domain using a regular Cartesian grid. The models consist of transport equations for the volume fractions of the two phases, polymer network and solvent; coupled momentum equations for the two phases; and a volume‐averaged incompressibility constraint. Multigrid with Vanka‐type box relaxation scheme is used as a preconditioner for the Krylov subspace solver (GMRES) to solve the momentum and incompressibility equations. Ghost points are used to enforce no‐slip boundary conditions for the velocity field of each phase, and no‐flux boundary conditions for the volume fractions. The behavior of the new method, including its rate of convergence, is explored through numerical experiments for a problem in which strong phase separation develops from an initially (almost) homogeneous phase distribution. We also use the method to explore situations, motivated by biology, which show that imposed boundary velocities can cause substantial redistribution of network and solvent. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C12orf48, termed PARP‐1 binding protein, enhances poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 (PARP‐1) activity and protects pancreatic cancer cells from DNA damage
Authors: Piao Lianhua , Nakagawa Hidewaki , Ueda Koji , Chung Suyoun , Kashiwaya Kotoe , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Ohigashi Hiroaki , Ishikawa Osamu , Daigo Yataro , Matsuda Koichi , Nakamura Yusuke 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTo identify novel therapeutic targets for aggressive and therapy‐resistant pancreatic cancer, we had previously performed expression profile analysis of pancreatic cancers using microarrays and found dozens of genes trans‐activated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. Among them, this study focused on the characterization of a novel gene C12orf48 whose overexpression in PDAC cells was validated by Northern blot and immunohistochemical analysis. Its overexpression was observed in other aggressive and therapy‐resistant malignancies as well. Knockdown of C12orf48 by siRNA in PDAC cells significantly suppressed their growth. Importantly, we demonstrated that C12orf48 protein could directly interact with Poly(ADP‐ribose) Polymerase‐1 (PARP‐1), one of the essential proteins in the repair of DNA damage, and positively regulate the poly(ADP‐ribosyl)ation activity of PARP‐1. Depletion of C12orf48 sensitized PDAC cells to agents causing DNA damage and also enhanced DNA damage‐induced G2/M arrest through reduction of PARP‐1 enzymatic activities. Hence, our findings implicate C12orf48, termed PARP‐1 binding protein (PARPBP), or its interaction with PARP‐1 to be a potential molecular target for development of selective therapy for pancreatic cancer. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Amino acid starvation sensitizes cancer cells to proteasome inhibition
Authors: Mizrachy‐Schwartz Sarit , Cohen Noam , Klein Shoshana , Kravchenko‐Balasha Nataly , Levitzki Alexander 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe explored the crosstalk between protein degradation and synthesis in cancer cells. The tumorigenic cell line, MCF7, showed enhanced proteasome activity compared to the nontumorigenic line, MCF10A. Although there was no difference in the sensitivity of MCF7 and MCF10A cells to proteasome inhibition in complete growth medium, combining proteasome inhibition with amino acid deprivation led to reduced protein synthesis and survival of MCF7 cells, with a lesser effect on MCF10A cells. Additional cancer cell lines (including CAG and A431) could be strongly sensitized to proteasome inhibition by concomitant amino acid deprivation, whereas others were completely resistant to proteasome inhibition. We hypothesize that protein catabolism contributes to the pool of free amino acids available for protein synthesis, leading to a crucial role of the proteasome in cell survival during amino acid depletion, in some tumor cell lines. © 2010 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 62(10): 757–763, 2010
Seawater spray injury to Quercus acutissima leaves: Crystal deposition, stomatal clogging, and chloroplast degeneration
Authors: Kim Ki Woo , Koo Kyosang , Kim Pan‐Gi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractEffects of seawater spray on leaf structure were investigated in Quercus acutissima by electron microscopy and X‐ray microanalysis. Two‐year‐old seedlings of Q. acutissima were sprayed with seawater and kept in a greenhouse maintained at 25°C. The most recognizable symptoms of seawater‐sprayed seedlings included leaf necrosis, crystal deposition, stomatal clogging, and chloroplast degeneration. Field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed that the leaf surface was covered with additional layers of remnants of seawater spray. Composed of sodium and chloride, cube‐shaped crystals (halite) were prevalently found on trichomes and epidermis, and formed aggregates. Meanwhile, wedge‐shaped crystals were deposited on epidermis and consisted of calcium and sulfur. As a result of stomatal clogging by crystal deposition on the abaxial surface, it was conceivable that plant respiration became severely hampered. Transmission electron microscopy showed degenerated cytoplasm of seawater‐sprayed leaves. It was common to observe severe plasmolysis and disrupted chloroplasts with a reduced number of thylakoids in grana. These results indicate that foliar applications of seawater were sufficient to induce necrosis of Q. acutissima seedlings as an abiotic disturbance factor. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.