bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Occurrence of Methyl Compounds in Galenicals
Authors: Brookes H E , Johnson H K 
Published: April 2011

Summary
The presence of methyl alcohol in galenicals in more than traces is recorded and previous observations confirmed. The source of the methyl alcohol in senega preparations has been closely investigated. The method of the British Pharmacopæia for alcohol content has been shown to be the main contributory cause of the production of methyl alcohol by acid hydrolysis of the senega extractives. In these and other galenicals some preformed methyl alcohol is present. We wish to express our thanks to Mr. D. A. Hughes for his co-operation in the preparation of samples for examination, and to the Directors of Boots Pure Drug Co., Ltd., for permission to publish this work.
Para- Aminosalicylic Acid–Part III
Authors: Drain D J , Goodacre C L , Seymour D E 
Published: April 2011

Summary
A series of tri-substituted aromatic compounds have been synthesised and their in vitro activities against the tubercle bacillus determined. The results of the study indicate no apparent relationship between structure and activity. The thiosemicarbazone of p-aminosalicylaldehyde has been synthesised and its activity compared with the thiosemicarbazones of p-acetylaminobenzaldehyde and p-methoxybenzaldehyde.
British Pharmaceutical Conference Blackpool, 1949
Authors: Toal J S , Phillips J I 
Published: April 2011

Summary
A method has been described for the determination of the α-isomer of glycerophosphoric acid. The preparation and properties of pure crystalline α- and β-sodium glycerophosphate have been described. The isolation of “an impurity,” occurring from a side reaction in the primary combination and which seems to approximate to a diester, is reported. Two types of α-calcium glycerophosphate have been prepared: a dihydrate which is unstable in water and a monohydrate which is stable. The properties of the two hydrates of the calcium salt have been investigated and differences in their physical behaviour are reported. The preparation and properties of β-calcium glycerophosphate have been described. Commercial samples of calcium glycerophosphate have been examined and their departure from official standards noted. Suggestions for the official monographs have been made. Special thanks from the authors are due to Dr. D. E. Palin, of Imperial Chemical Industries, Limited, Research Department, Widnes, for his interest in the crystal structure and for discussion of the X-ray diffraction data which he supplied. We also wish to acknowledge the enthusiastic help of our technician, Mr. W. Rone, whose work made much of this paper possible, and we thank the Directors of Evans Medical Supplies, Limited, for permission to publish our work.
The Chemistry of Anti-Pernicious Anaemia Factors
Authors: Beaven G R , Holiday E R , Johnson E A , Ellis B , Mamalis P , Petrow V , Sturgeon B 
Published: April 2011

Summary and Conclusions
Evidence is presented for the presence of three chemically related substances, components α, β, and γ, in acid hydrolysates of vitamin B12. Spectroscopic examination of these components has led to their classification as benziminazole derivatives. Spectroscopic comparison with 22 methylated benziminazoles synthesised to serve as model compounds, has resulted in the identification of components α and β as 1:5:6-trisubstituted benziminazoles, and of component γ as a 5:6-disubstituted benziminazole. Preliminary paper chromatographic studies point to the identity of component γ with 5:6-dimethylbenziminazole; from which it is concluded that components α and β are both 1-substituted 5:6-dimethyl-benziminazoles. Spectroscopic and chemical evidence leads to the conclusion that only one 5:6-dimethylbenziminazole residue is released from vitamin B12 on acid hydrolysis and that the benziminazole nucleus exists preformed in the vitamin. It is, therefore, concluded that components α, β, and γ represent successive stages of degradation of a common precursor. The bearing of these results on the biogenesis and structure of vitamin B12 is briefly discussed. It is a pleasure to acknowledge the encouragement of the Directors of The British Drug Houses, Ltd., in this work. Footnote. While preparing this paper for publication we became aware at the meeting of the First International Congress of Biochemistry held at Cambridge in August, 1949, of the findings of Dr. K. Folkers and his colleagues, and at the same session we announced the conclusions we had reached in the work now reported (Holiday and Petrow, J. Pharm. Pharmacol, 1949, 1, 734).
A Linear Optical Density Potentiometer for Use in Photoelectric Spectrophotometry
Authors: Morton C 
Published: April 2011

Summary
A description is given of a linear optical density potentiometer, interchangeable with the logarithmic density potentiometer incorporated in the Unicam SP500 and Beckman DU photoelectric spectrophotometers. The potentiometer covers the density range 0·0 to 2·0; each of the approximately equal subdivisions of the scale throughout this range represents a density increment of 0·001. The arrangement of the controls is such that, on the completion of the measurement, the density of the solution under investigation is indicated by the appearance of a horizontal row of figures, visible through an aperture in the panel.
The Estimation of Para-Aminosalicylic Acid
Authors: Rao G Kameswara , Natarajan R , Rao K R K , Tayal J N 
Published: April 2011

Summary
A comparative study of the existing methods of estimation of p-aminosalicylic acid and its compounds has been made and some of their defects pointed out. A method based on both decarboxylation and diazotisation is proposed and its advantages over the existing methods pointed out by a comparative study.
Piperazine Adipate: A New Anthelmintic Agent: Part II. Toxicological and Pharmacological Studies
Authors: Cross B G , David A , Vallance D K 
Published: April 2011

Summary
An investigation on animals of the toxicological and pharmacological properties of piperazine adipate, a new anthelmintic agent, is reported. It is comparatively non-toxic orally, the LD50 of mice and rats being 11·4 and 7·9 g./kg. respectively. It has a spasmogenic action on isolated intestinal muscle and intestinal muscle in situ when large doses are given. Cardiac, circulatory and respiratory effects were slight, the rapid intravenous injection of large amounts being required to produce a response. 5 It has been safely administered over a prolonged period to rats and rabbits.
Chronic Toxicity Studies on Food Colours
Authors: Allmark M G , Mannell W A , Grice H C 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
New Coccine and Nigrosine, at levels of 0·03, 0·3 and 3·0 per cent in the diet, had no effect on mortality in male or female rats. In groups receiving Malachite Green at levels of 0·3 and 3·0 per cent in the diet there was 100 per cent mortality within the first week of the experiment. Female rats receiving Malachite Green at 0·03 per cent or Nigrosine at 3·0 per cent in the diet showed a significant decrease in growth rate. For the group on Malachite Green this was accompanied by a decrease in food consumption. In both male and female rats receiving Nigrosine at 3·0 per cent in the diet, there was an increase in the organ-body weight ratio for liver and kidneys. Histopathological changes attributed to the toxic effects of the colours were noted in kidneys and testes.
The Application of Infra-Red Spectrophotometry to the Examination of Essential Oils
Authors: Cross A H J , Gunn A H , Stevens S G E 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Lavender oils in capillary films, in the range 5000 cm.−1 to 650 cm.−1 show peaks at 1310, 1220, 1085 and 855 cm.−1 of diagnostic value for cineole. A quantitative method based on the cineole peak at 1085 cm.−1 in carbon disulphide solution, and using an “Absorbancy Difference” method provides a truer assessment of the cineole content of lavender oils than do the methods currently described. The o-cresol method is inapplicable to oils containing cineole in the presence of esters, and alcohols. The cineole contents of English and spike lavender oils are lower than the published figures based on the formation of complexes. The official, French, English and spike lavender oils might be classified in the pharmacopoeias by their cineole content.
The Preparation and Progestational Activity of Some Alkylated Ethisterones
Authors: David A , Hartley F , Millson D R , Petrow V 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The preparation and progestational activity of some 6-alkyl, 21-alkyl and 6:21-dialkyl derivatives of ethisterone are described. 6α:21-Dimethylethisterone (XIV), the most potent compound of the series, given by mouth proved to have approximately twelve times the activity of ethisterone in the Clauberg test.
The Use of Oxidised Cellulose for the Determination of Strychnine in Pharmaceutical Preparations
Authors: Elvidge D A , Proctor K A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
With oxidised cellulose as a carboxylic cation exchange medium strychnine can be separated from extraneous interfering materials in a pure form for spectrophotometric assay. When brucine is also present a 2-point spectrophotometric procedure is adopted. Results compare well with chemical assays with a coefficient of variation of about 1 per cent. The oxidation procedure used in the official assay of nux vomica completely destroys brucine with no loss of strychnine.
THE DETERMINATION AND EXCRETION OF POLYHYDROXY (CATECHOLIC) PHENOLIC ACIDS IN URINE
Authors: Tompsett S L 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The Mitchell reaction (ferrous sulphate) has been applied to the determination of catecholic phenolic acids and pyrogallol in urine. A technique has been described for the determination of pyrogallol in the presence of catecholic phenolic acids. The separation of catecholic phenolic acids by paper chromatography has been examined. A study has been made of the excretion of these substances in urine.
THE PERSISTENT ANTAGONISTIC ACTION OF N-ALLYL-1-(P-CYCLOHEXYLOXYPHENYL)ETHYLAMINE TO ANALGESIC AGENTS
Authors: McCoubrey A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
N-Allyl-l-(p-cyclohexyloxyphenyl)ethylamine, given one to two days beforehand, reduced the amount of 1-(p-cyclohexyloxyphenyl)ethy-lamine entering the adrenal glands of rats after an intraperitoneal dose by about 5μg./g. without affecting non-specific accumulation. The effect was not observed with a closely similar, but analgesically inactive amine. The cerebral cortex acquired increased ability to accumulate the amine but heart remained unaffected. The reduced ability of the adrenal to accumulate the amine was restored at the same time that the analgesic antagonistic activity of the allylamine had begun to wane.
THE DETERMINATION OF BETA-SUBSTITUTED GLUTARIMIDES IN BLOOD: TIME-CONCENTRATION CURVES AFTER INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION OF TWO BARBITURATE ANTAGONISTS
Authors: Anderson K W 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A simple and rapid spectrophotometric procedure has been developed which is capable of estimating 2 mg. per cent of β-substituted glutarimides in blood with an accuracy of 90 per cent. Within 10 minutes of intravenous administration in guinea pigs 90 per cent of two barbiturate antagonists, β-methyl-β-ethyl glutarimide and β-spirocyclo-pentane glutarimide were removed from blood. Some discussion follows on whether the compounds were rapidly metabolised in blood or distributed evenly throughout the body tissues. The phase of rapid removal is followed by a period of moderately slow removal, apparently due to excretion.
A CRITERION FOR OXYTOCIC ACTIVITY: Studies with Tochergamine
Authors: Garrett W J , Embrey M P 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
NN-Diethyl-N'-(2-tetralyl)-glycinamide, a substance of high oxytocic activity in the isolated uterus preparation, has been tested on the intact human puerperal uterus and been found to be without demonstrable activity, in doses of 1–20 mg. parentally. The absolute necessity for testing oxytocic activity by an objective method on the intact human uterus is stressed.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON SOME PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF DIGITOXIN, ACETYLDIGITOXIN AND GITALIN (AMORPHOUS) IN CATS
Authors: Lu F C , Lavallee A , Allmark M G , Hossain M A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The lethal doses of digitoxin, acetyldigitoxin and gitalin were determined in cats. Electrocardiograms were recorded intermittently during the course of the repeated injections of these glycosides. Their relative lethal activities in cats were found to be similar to the reported relative therapeutic activities in man. Gitalin was found to be significantly more liable to cause cardiac arrhythmias than the other two glycosides.
THE DETECTION OF YELLOW PHOSPHORUS AND PHOSPHIDES IN BIOLOGICAL MATERIAL
Authors: Curry A S , Rutter E R , Chin-Hua Lim 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The micro test to detect poisoning by yellow phosphorus or zinc phosphide has been modified and improved so that increased specificity is obtained. This is achieved by paper electrophoresis. Chlorine is used in the place of solid calcium hypochlorite to oxidise silver phosphide to silver phosphate.
SOME IN VITRO INHIBITORS OF CARBONIC ANHYDRASE
Authors: Beasley Y M , Overell B G , Petrow V , Stephenson O 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Work on sulphonamides as in vitro inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase has been extended by the preparation and assay of novel types. Although diphenylsulphonamides, p-alkoxycarbonylbenzene sulphonamides and 5-alkoxycarbonylamino-1:3:4-thiadiazole-2-sulphon-amides showed noteworthy activity in vitro, only the thiadiazole derivatives possessed diuretic activity in the rat.
THE IN VITRO EVALUATION OF A SODIUM POLY-HYDROXYALUMINIUM MONOCARBONATE HEXITOL COMPLEX AS A GASTRIC ANTACID
Authors: Gwilt J R , Livingstone J L , Robertson A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Techniques for assessing antacid activity are discussed. The commonly used antacids have been evaluated using two complementary in vitro techniques and appraised using as criteria the properties considered to describe the ideal antacid. In confirmation with previous workers most of the substances tested were shown not to meet the optimum requirements. In particular the results confirmed the loss of activity of aluminium hydroxide gel preparations on drying and their variation in neutralising capacity. A new substance, a sodium polyhydroxy-aluminium monocarbonate hexitol complex, which is a white tasteless odourless powder, compared favourably with the best of the established preparations tested—a liquid aluminium hydroxide gel and was the only solid meeting the suggested criteria.
Science Papers and Discussions: The Basis for "Sufficient of a Suitable Bacteriostatic" in Injections
Authors: Sykes G 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
In the light of the relative lethal and inhibitory properties of several known bacteriostats, including those recommended in the B.P., along with some observations on their partitioning ratios between rubber and water, the requirements for “sufficient of a suitable bacteriostatic” are discussed, and various criteria are suggested. Attention is drawn particularly to the narrowness of the margin between effective lethal concentration and minimum inhibitory concentration of many bacteriostats and to the consequent need to prevent their loss by absorption into rubber, or through any other cause. Activity against mould spores as well as against resistant vegetative bacteria is also desirable.
The Precision of Some Procedures in Pharmaceutical Analysis
Authors: Rogers A R 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Estimates have been made of the variance associated with the calibration of a number of 10- and 20-ml. pipettes and 50-ml. burettes of Grade B quality, and of the variance associated with their use by a class of students. Comparison with the variance of the results of students performing simple titrations with this apparatus indicates that the chief components of the latter variance have been identified.
The Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Pharmaceutical Preparations Using 4-Aminohenazone
Authors: Johnson C A , Savidge R A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The determination of phenols based upon coupling with 4-aminophenazone in the presence of an alkaline oxidising agent has been examined. The importance of pH has been studied and a suitable buffering agent has been recommended. The reactivity of many phenols of pharmaceutical interest has been investigated and the application of the method to a number of pharmaceutical preparations is described.
A Comparative Study of the Hydrolytic and Non-Hydrolytic Methods for The Assay of Solanaceous Drugs
Authors: Drey R E A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The results given by the hydrolytic and non-hydrolytic methods of determining the total alkaloidal content are in good agreement for belladonna, hyoscyamus and stramonium; the agreement is fair for Duboisia leichhardtii and Datura sanguinea, whilst for Duboisia myoporoides the non-hydrolytic method gives high values. An improved paper chromatographic system for the separation of the principal tropane alkaloids has been developed; the system was used to determine the individual alkaloidal content of the respective drugs and to provide the appropriate factor for converting titre to percentage of total alkaloid.
A Light-Scattering Study of Lysolecithin Sols
Authors: Robinson N , Saunders L 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Sols of four samples of lysolecithin have been studied by means of a light-scattering apparatus. The results of a large number of measurements have been analysed statistically. They indicate that the mean molecular weight of the micelles in the sols is 92,400, the experimental error in this estimate being 7 per cent.
The Size Analysis of Phenothiazine
Authors: Thornton M J 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Results are given for the analysis of particle size distribution of a sample of finely ground phenothiazine by four different methods. Each method is reproducible and is in use for the size analysis of phenothiazine in different laboratories, but the results differ considerably. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed briefly, and a means of comparing the results with those obtained by surface area measurements is shown.
Further Studies on Some Esters of 4-Aminosalicyclic Acid
Authors: Drain D J , Lazare R , Poulter G A , Tattersall K , Urbanska Alicja 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A series of alkyl and aryl esters of 4-aminosalicyclic acid (PAS) has been examined for protective effect in mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, and the PAS blood levels after oral administration to mice, rats and rabbits studied. On the basis of these results, p-tolyl-4-aminosalicylate (p-tolyl PAS) was selected for further examination and has been shown to be of low toxicity in experimental animals and to produce moderately high and sustained PAS blood levels in man.
The Assay of Anti-Haemophilic Globulin
Authors: Savage R Maxwell 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The Biggs, Eveling and Richards assay of anti-haemophilic globulin is examined and some modifications discussed. The statistical design and analysis is offered in a simple form suitable for routine application. The relationships of some defects in the assay to the property of the phospholipid are discussed. It is shown that the method is satisfactory if certain precautions are taken, and if the interpretation is carried out objectively by mathematical methods. Serious errors can arise from neglect of these precautions. Modified assays are described, one of which could probably be used in cases of serious difficulty with reagents. The other apparently depended on the properties of a particular batch of prothrombin. The method was abandoned and is reported here because it is the only modification that gave promise of being more accurate than the original. It is emphasised that the assay is based on hypotheses that have been satisfactorily verified, but that are well recognised to be incomplete. The course of the reaction is by no means clear, and it is unlikely that the assay can accurately be used to compare materials widely dissimilar in qualitative properties.
The Antagonism of The Antibacterial Action of Mercury Compounds
Authors: Cook A M , Steel K J 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The antibacterial activity of cysteine, glutathione, thioglycollate, dimercaprol and horse serum to E. coli I has been studied. Incorporation of these materials into solid media has little adverse effect upon the number of cells multiplying on it, but in the diluents used for preparing dilutions for counting the effect is more marked. Dimercaprol produces the largest reduction in the number of cells subsequently multiplying. Dimercaprol and thioglycollate are believed to exert their effect by retarding the metabolic processes. Concentrations of the materials suitable for quantitative work involving viable counts have been determined.
Physico-Chemical Studies of Aspirin with Glycine
Authors: Rapson H D C , Singleton D O , Stuart A C E , Taylor Mary P 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The relative solubility and rate of dissolution of aspirin in water and glycine solution have been measured. A technique involving a mathematical examination of the front profile of chromatograms has been used to study the extent of the adsorption of glycine from aqueous solution on aspirin. Aspirin is more soluble and more rapidly dissolved in glycine solution than water, and glycine is found to adsorb, in significant amounts, on aspirin crystals. The findings are discussed in an attempt to explain, in physico-chemical terms, differences in taste and adhesion to the oral mucosa that are discernible when aspirin tablets compounded with or without glycine are savoured. Attention is drawn to certain aspects of the results which have a bearing on the transport of aspirin.
Phytochemical Changes Initiated by Insects
Authors: Challen Stephen B 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The occurrence of leaf galls and the relation between the host plant and the causative insect are discussed. The leaves, galls, and leaves freed from galls of Salix fragilis have been examined by one-way and two-way paper chromatography and a separation of the major constituents achieved on powdered cellulose columns. The galls and leaves freed from galls were compared by band chromatography and the results suggest that one phytochemical change initiated by the sawfly is an accumulation of catechins, leucoanthocyanins and a ninhydrin positive substance.
The Preparation and Evaluation of Some Phenolic Ethers as Antifungal Agents
Authors: Coates L V , Drain D J , And F June Macrae , Tattersall K 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A series of phenolic ethers, derivatives of hydroxybenzoic acids, benzaldehydes and acylophenones have been prepared and tested in vitro for antifungal action. The highest activity was found in those compounds having an amyloxy group ortho to a carbonyl radical. Data are presented on the in vivo antifungal activity and toxicity of 2-n-amyloxybenzamide and 2-n-amyloxyacetophenone.
Determination of Barbituric Acid Derivatives as Mercury Complexes
Authors: Björling C O , Berggren A , Willman-Johnson B 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Barbituric acid derivatives give precipitates with mercuric ions, which are soluble in certain organic solvents, for example, chloroform, and can be extracted. By the addition of dithizone to the extract the mercury can be determined and hence the equivalent amount of the barbiturate. As little as 0.1 μg./ml. in the final solution can be determined. Interferences seem to be few.
Antagonism Between Alkylated and Norcompounds of the Morphine Group Injected Intracisternally into Mice
Authors: Horlington M , Lockett Mary F 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The analgesia which resulted from the intracisternal injection of mixtures of morphine and normorphine in mice developed more slowly than, and finally equalled but did not exceed that of the more active component of the mixture. Pethidine and morphine antagonised normorphine similarly. However, the analgesia which followed the intracisternal injection of mixtures of pethidine and norpethidine developed as rapidly but was less intense than that due to either single component of the mixtures.