bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D Sonar Measurements in Wakes of Ships of Opportunity
Authors: Soloviev Alexander , Maingot Christopher , Agor Mike , Nash Lou , Dixon Keith 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The aim of this work is to test the potential capabilities of 3D sonar technology for studying small-scale processes in the near-surface layer of the ocean, using the centerline wake of ships of opportunity as the object of study. The first tests conducted in Tampa Bay, Florida, with the 3D sonar have demonstrated the ability of this technology to observe the shape of the centerline wake in great detail starting from centimeter scale, using air bubbles as a proxy. An advantage of the 3D sonar technology is that it allows quantitative estimates of the ship wake geometry, which presents new opportunities for validation of hydrodynamic models of the ship wake. Three-dimensional sonar is also a potentially useful tool for studies of air-bubble dynamics and turbulence in breaking surface waves.
The Impact of Signal Processing on the Range-Weighting Function for Weather Radars
Authors: Torres Sebastián M. , Curtis Christopher D. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The range-weighting function (RWF) determines how individual scatterer contributions are weighted as a function of range to produce the meteorological data associated with a single resolution volume. The RWF is commonly defined in terms of the transmitter pulse envelope and the receiver filter impulse response, and it determines the radar range resolution. However, the effective RWF also depends on the range-time processing involved in producing estimates of meteorological variables. This is a third contributor to the RWF that has become more significant in recent years as advanced range-time processing techniques have become feasible for real-time implementation on modern radar systems. In this work, a new formulation of the RWF for weather radars that incorporates the impact of signal processing is proposed. Following the derivation based on a general signal processing model, typical scenarios are used to illustrate the variety of RWFs that can result from different range-time signal processing techniques. Finally, the RWF is used to measure range resolution and the range correlation of meteorological data.
Systematic Review of Complications of Tonsillotomy versus Tonsillectomy
Authors: Acevedo Jason L. , Shah Rahul K. , Brietzke Scott E. 
Published: March 2012

ObjectiveIntracapsular tonsillotomy continues to gain acceptance as an alternative to traditional tonsillectomy. Despite large clinical studies, there is a lack of consensus as to which technique offers lower complication rates. This study seeks to analyze the available data and surmise the complication rates of partial tonsillectomy as compared with traditional tonsillectomy.Data SourcesMEDLINE was searched using multiple search terms.Review MethodsAfter the MEDLINE search, the following inclusion criteria were applied: English language, human subjects, and related to partial tonsillectomy. Multiple tonsillotomy techniques were included. The results of these studies were summated and the results analyzed. Subgroup analysis was then performed.ResultsThirty‐three studies met inclusion criteria. Tonsillotomy had a lower postoperative bleeding rate, lower postoperative dehydration rate requiring medical care, reduced days of analgesic use, and reduced days to return to normal diet compared with tonsillectomy. When separated into higher versus lower quality studies, the differences in bleeding and dehydration were negligible, while differences in return to diet and days of analgesic use persisted. Mean intraoperative blood loss was similar for both techniques. Insufficient data were available to assess tonsil regrowth rates.ConclusionsTonsillotomy appears to be a safe technique that may offer some advantages over tonsillectomy in terms of postoperative morbidity, but differences in hemorrhage and dehydration were not evident in high‐quality studies. Data regarding tonsil regrowth rates and efficacy in treating sleep‐disordered breathing are not yet sufficient for formal analysis, which may preclude widespread acceptance of this technique.
The prevalence of primary headache disorders in Russia: A countrywide survey
Authors: Ayzenberg I , Katsarava Z , Sborowski A , Chernysh M , Osipova V , Tabeeva G , Yakhno N , Steiner TJ ,   On behalf of Lifting the Burden
Published: March 2012

Objective: To estimate the 1-year prevalences of primary headache disorders and identify their principal risk factors in the general population of Russia. Methods: A countrywide population-based random sample of 2725 biologically unrelated adults in 35 cities and nine rural areas were interviewed in a door-to-door survey using a previously validated diagnostic questionnaire. Results: Of the 2725 eligible adults contacted, 2025 (74.3%) responded (females 52.6%, mean age 39.5 ± 13.4 years). Of these, 1273 (62.9%) reported headache ‘not related to flu, hangover, cold, head injury’ occurring at least once in the previous year. The gender- and age-standardized 1-year prevalence of migraine was 20.8%. Female gender (odds ratio (OR) = 3.8; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.8–5.1) and obesity (OR = 1.5; 1.1–2.1) were positively associated with this type of headache. The gender- and age-standardized 1-year prevalence of tension-type headache (TTH) was 30.8%. TTH was more prevalent in urban than in rural areas (OR = 1.6; 1.3–2.0). Headache on ≥15 days/month was reported by 213 (10.5%) respondents (gender- and age-standardized prevalence 10.4%), and associated with low socioeconomic status (OR = 3.4; 2.4–4.9), obesity (OR = 3.0; 2.1–4.3), female gender (OR = 2.9; 2.1–4.1) and age over 40 years (OR = 2.6; 1.9–3.6). The majority of these respondents (68.1%) overused acute headache medications. Conclusion: The study demonstrated a high prevalence of migraine and a very high prevalence of headache on  ≥15 days/month, and revealed unmet health-care needs of people with headache in Russia.
Migraine and restless legs syndrome in women
Authors: Schürks Markus , Winter Anke C , Berger Klaus , Buring Julie E , Kurth Tobias 
Published: March 2012

Background: Few clinic-based studies report an association between migraine and restless legs syndrome (RLS); however, population-based data are unavailable. Methods: Cohort study among 31,370 women participating in the Women’s Health Study. We had detailed self-reported information on migraine, including aura status, and RLS. RLS was ascertained at the 9-year follow-up. We calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between migraine and RLS. We investigated any indication of migraine until RLS ascertainment as well as migraine with and without aura at baseline, prior migraine before baseline, and new reports of migraine during follow-up. Results: At baseline or during follow-up 6857 (21.9%) women reported any migraine. These women had an increased risk for RLS (multivariable-adjusted OR = 1.22; 95%CI 1.13–1.32). Further analyses indicated a similar association for migraine with aura (multivariable-adjusted OR = 1.27; 95%CI 1.10–1.48) and migraine without aura (multivariable-adjusted OR = 1.24; 95%CI 1.09–1.40) as well as for new reports of migraine during follow-up (multivariable-adjusted OR = 1.30; 95%CI 1.10–1.54). Prior migraine did not appear to be associated with RLS. Conclusions: Our data suggest an association between migraine and RLS at the population level. The association is similar for migraine with and without aura and for new reports of migraine during follow-up.
Feasibility of Using Thrombin Generation Assay (TGA) for Monitoring Bypassing Agent Therapy in Patients With Hemophilia Having Inhibitors
Authors: Ay Yilmaz , Balkan Can , Karapinar Deniz Yilmaz , Akin Mehmet , Bilenoğlu Basri , Kavakli Kaan 
Published: March 2012

Background: Monitoring bypassing agent therapy and observing concordance with clinical hemostasis is crucial in vital hemorrhages and major surgeries in patients with hemophilia having inhibitor. Objective: We aimed to investigate the value of the thrombin generation assay (TGA) and thromboelastography (TEG) for monitoring hemostasis in patients with hemophilia having inhibitor, during supplementation therapy with bypassing agents. Patients and Methods: The study group consisted of 7 patients with hemophilia having factor VIII inhibitor. All patients were male. The median age of the participants was 10 years. Age range was 6 to 32 years. The median inhibitor level was 10 Bethesda units (BU), with a range of 5 to 32 BU. A total of 17 bleeding episodes were evaluated. Both TEG and TGA tests were assessed in addition to clinical responses. Assessments were made prior to bypass agent therapy such as recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) or activated prothrombin complex concentrate (aPCC) for bleeding episodes, during the first hour and 24 hours after either intervention in patients. Results: No relation between clinical response and TGA or TEG parameters was found in patients. There was no difference between clinical responses after rFVIIa and aPCC treatments. However, after aPCC treatment, endogenous thrombin potential and peak thrombin levels and also TEG R, K, and alpha angle degrees were significantly higher. Conclusions: In conclusion, we found that the clinical effectiveness of bypass therapy in hemophilia cannot be assessed by TGA and TEG.
ALK+ALCLs induce cutaneous, HMGB-1–dependent IL-8/CXCL8 production by keratinocytes through NF-κB activation
Authors: Dejean Emilie , Foisseau Marianne , Lagarrigue Fréderic , Lamant Laurence , Prade Naïs , Marfak Abdelghafour , Delsol Georges , Giuriato Sylvie , Gaits-Iacovoni Fréderique , Meggetto Fabienne 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Anaplastic large-cell lymphomas (ALCLs) bearing the t(2;5) translocation (ALK+ALCLs) are frequently characterized by skin colonization and associated with a poor prognosis. Using conditional transgenic models of anaplastic lymphoma kinase–positive (ALK+) lymphomas and human ALK+ALCL cell lines, in the present study, we show that high-mobility-group box-1 (HMGB-1), a proinflammatory cytokine, is released by ALK+ cells, and demonstrate extracellular HMGB-1–stimulated secretion of the IL-8 chemokine by HaCaT keratinocytes through the involvement of MMP-9, PAR-2, and the NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, we demonstrate that, in vitro, IL-8 is able to induce the invasiveness of ALK+ cells, which express the IL-8 receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2. In vitro and in vivo, HMGB-1 inhibition achieved by glycyrrhizin treatment led to a drastic reduction in ALK+ cell invasiveness. The pathophysiological relevance of our observations was confirmed by demonstrating that the HMGB-1 and IL-8 receptors are expressed in ALK+ALCL biopsies. We have also shown that IL-8 secretion is correlated with leukemic dissemination of ALK+ cells in a significant number of patients. The results of the present study demonstrate for the first time a relationship among the pro-inflammatory mediators HMGB-1, MMP-9, PAR-2, and IL-8. We propose that these mediators create a premetastatic niche within the skin, thereby participating in ALK+ lymphoma epidermotropism.
Risk categories and refractory CLL in the era of chemoimmunotherapy
Authors: Zenz Thorsten , Gribben John G. , Hallek Michael , Döhner Hartmut , Keating Michael J. , Stilgenbauer Stephan 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Standardized criteria for diagnosis and response evaluation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are essential to achieve comparability of results and improvement of clinical care. With the increasing range of therapeutic options, the treatment context is important when defining refractory CLL. Refractory CLL has been defined as no response or response lasting ≤ 6 months from last therapy. This subgroup has a very poor outcome, and many trials use this group as an entry point for early drug development. With the intensification of first-line regimens, the proportion of patients with refractory CLL using these criteria decreases. This has immediate consequences for recruitment of patients into trials as well as salvage strategies. Conversely, patients who are not refractory according to the traditional definition but who have suboptimal or short response to intense therapy also have a very poor outcome. In this Perspective, we discuss recent results that may lead to a reassessment of risk categories in CLL focusing on fit patients who are eligible for all treatment options. We cover aspects of the history and biologic basis for refractory CLL and will focus on how emerging data on treatment failure from large trials using chemoimmunotherapy may help to define risk groups in CLL.
Identification of an active, well-tolerated dose of pralatrexate in patients with relapsed or refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Horwitz Steven M. , Kim Youn H. , Foss Francine , Zain Jasmine M. , Myskowski Patricia L. , Lechowicz Mary Jo , Fisher David C. , Shustov Andrei R. , Bartlett Nancy L. , Delioukina Maria L. , Koutsoukos Tony , Saunders Michael E. , O'Connor Owen A. , Duvic Madeleine 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Systemic treatment for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) involves the use of less aggressive, well-tolerated therapies. Pralatrexate is a novel antifolate with high affinity for reduced folate carrier-1. A dose de-escalation strategy identified recommended pralatrexate dosing for patients with CTCL that demonstrated high activity, good rates of disease control, and an acceptable toxicity profile for continuous long-term dosing. Eligibility included mycosis fungoides, Sézary syndrome, or primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma, with disease progression after ≥ 1 prior systemic therapy. The starting dose and schedule was 30 mg/m2/wk intravenously for 3 of 4 (3/4) weeks. Subsequent starting doses were 20, 15, and 10 mg/m2/wk for 3/4 or 2 of 3 (2/3) weeks. Response was evaluated by the modified severity-weighted adjustment tool. Fifty-four patients were treated. The recommended regimen was identified as 15 mg/m2/wk for 3/4 weeks and was explored in the expansion cohort. In 29 patients treated overall with the recommended dosing regimen, the median number of prior systemic therapies was 4. Pralatrexate was administered for a median of 4 cycles; response rate was 45%. The most common grade 3 adverse event (AE) was mucositis (17%); the only grade 4 AE was leukopenia (3%). Pralatrexate 15 mg/m2/wk for 3/4 weeks shows high activity with acceptable toxicity in patients with relapsed/refractory CTCL.
Stability analysis for parametric generalized vector quasi-variational-like inequality problems
Authors: Agarwal Ravi P , Chen Jia-wei , Je Cho Yeol , Wan Zhongping 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
In this article, we consider a class of parametric generalized vector quasi-variational-like inequality problem (for short, (PGVQVLIP)) in Hausdorff topological vector spaces, where the constraint set K and a set-valued mapping T are perturbed by different parameters, and establish the nonemptiness and upper semicontinuity of the solution mapping S for (PGVQVLIP) under some suitable conditions. By virtue of the gap function, sufficient conditions for the H-continuity and B-continuity of the solution mapping S of (PGVQVLIP) are also derived. Moreover, examples are provided for illustrating the presented results.

2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 49J40; 90C33.
An evaluation of oligonucleotide-based therapeutic strategies for polyQ diseases
Authors: Fiszer Agnieszka , Olejniczak Marta , Switonski Pawel M , Wroblewska Joanna P , Wisniewska-Kruk Joanna , Mykowska Agnieszka , Krzyzosiak Wlodzimierz J 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
RNA interference (RNAi) and antisense strategies provide experimental therapeutic agents for numerous diseases, including polyglutamine (polyQ) disorders caused by CAG repeat expansion. We compared the potential of different oligonucleotide-based strategies for silencing the genes responsible for several polyQ diseases, including Huntington's disease and two spinocerebellar ataxias, type 1 and type 3. The strategies included nonallele-selective gene silencing, gene replacement, allele-selective SNP targeting and CAG repeat targeting.

Results
Using the patient-derived cell culture models of polyQ diseases, we tested various siRNAs, and antisense reagents and assessed their silencing efficiency and allele selectivity. We showed considerable allele discrimination by several SNP targeting siRNAs based on a weak G-G or G-U pairing with normal allele and strong G-C pairing with mutant allele at the site of RISC-induced cleavage. Among the CAG repeat targeting reagents the strongest allele discrimination is achieved by miRNA-like functioning reagents that bind to their targets and inhibit their translation without substantial target cleavage. Also, morpholino analog performs well in mutant and normal allele discrimination but its efficient delivery to cells at low effective concentration still remains a challenge.

Conclusions
Using three cellular models of polyQ diseases and the same experimental setup we directly compared the performance of different oligonucleotide-based treatment strategies that are currently under development. Based on the results obtained by us and others we discussed the advantages and drawbacks of these strategies considering them from several different perspectives. The strategy aimed at nonallele-selective inhibiting of causative gene expression by targeting specific sequence of the implicated gene is the easiest to implement but relevant benefits are still uncertain. The gene replacement strategy that combines the nonallele-selective gene silencing with the expression of the exogenous normal allele is a logical extension of the former and it deserves to be explored further. Both allele-selective RNAi approaches challenge cellular RNA interference machinery to show its ability to discriminate between similar sequences differing in either single base substitutions or repeated sequence length. Although both approaches perform well in allele discrimination most of our efforts are focused on repeat targeting due to its potentially higher universality.
Quantitative changes in intracellular calcium and extracellular-regulated kinase activation measured in parallel in CHO cells stably expressing serotonin (5-HT) 5-HT2A or 5-HT2Creceptors
Authors: Seitz Patricia K , Bremer Nicole M , McGinnis Andrew G , Cunningham Kathryn A , Watson Cheryl S 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe serotonin (5-HT) 2A and 2C receptors (5-HT2AR and 5-HT2CR) are involved in a wide range of physiological and behavioral processes in the mammalian central and peripheral nervous systems. These receptors share a high degree of homology, have overlapping pharmacological profiles, and utilize many of the same and richly diverse second messenger signaling systems. We have developed quantitative assays for cells stably expressing these two receptors involving minimal cell sample manipulations that dramatically improve parallel assessments of two signaling responses: intracellular calcium (Cai++) changes and activation (phosphorylation) of downstream kinases. Such profiles are needed to begin to understand the simultaneous contributions from the multiplicity of signaling cascades likely to be initiated by serotonergic ligands.ResultsWe optimized theCai++assay for stable cell lines expressing either 5-HT2AR or 5-HT2CR (including dye use and measurement parameters; cell density and serum requirements). We adapted a quantitative 96-well plate immunoassay for pERK in the same cell lines. Similar cell density optima and time courses were observed for 5-HT2AR- and 5-HT2CR-expressing cells in generating both types of signaling. Both cell lines also require serum-free preincubation for maximal agonist responses in the pERK assay. However, 5-HT2AR-expressing cells showed significant release ofCai++in response to 5-HT stimulation even when preincubated in serum-replete medium, while the response was completely eliminated by serum in 5-HT2CR-expressing cells. Response to another serotonergic ligand (DOI) was eliminated by serum-replete preincubation in both cells lines.ConclusionsThese data expand our knowledge of differences in ligand-stimulated signaling cascades between 5-HT2AR and 5-HT2CR. Our parallel assays can be applied to other cell and receptor systems for monitoring and dissecting concurrent signaling responses.
The mGluR5 antagonist AFQ056 does not affect methylation and transcription of the mutant FMR1 gene in vitro
Authors: Tabolacci Elisabetta , Pirozzi Filomena , Gomez-Mancilla Baltazar , Gasparini Fabrizio , Neri Giovanni 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the leading cause of inherited mental retardation, is due to expansion and methylation of a CGG sequence in the FMR1 gene, which result in its silencing and consequent absence of FMRP protein. This absence causes loss of repression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5)-mediated pathways resulting in the behavioral and cognitive impairments associated with FXS. In a randomized, double-blind trial it was recently demonstrated a beneficial effect of AFQ056, a selective inhibitor of metabotrobic glutamate receptor type 5 (mGluR5), on fully methylated FXS patients respect to partially methylated FXS ones.

Methods
To determine whether AFQ056 may have secondary effects on the methylation and transcription of FMR1, here we treated three FXS lymphoblastoid cell lines and one normal control male line. A quantitative RT-PCR was performed to assess transcriptional reactivation of the FMR1 gene. To assess the methylation status of the FMR1 gene promoter it was carried out a bisulphite sequencing analysis.

Results
Both FMR1-mRNA levels and DNA methylation were unmodified with respect to untreated controls.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate that the AFQ056 effect on fully methylated FXS patients is not due to a secondary effect on DNA methylation and consequent transcriptional activation of FMR1.
Bronchodilatory effect of inhaled budesonide/formoterol and budesonide/salbutamol in acute asthma: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Arun Jenish J , Lodha Rakesh , Kabra Sushil K 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
There are no published studies that have compared bronchodilatory effect of inhaled budesonide/formoterol combination with budesonide/salbutamol delivered by metered dose inhaler with a spacer in acute exacerbation of asthma in children. We, therefore, compared the bronchodilatory effects of inhaled budesonide/formoterol (dose: 200 μg and 12 μg respectively) combination with budesonide (200 μg)/salbutamol (200 μg) administered by metered dose inhaler and spacer in children of 5-15 years with mild acute exacerbation of asthma [Modified Pulmonary Index Score (MPIS) between 6-8] in this double-blind, randomized controlled trial. The primary outcome was FEV1 (% predicted) in the two groups at 1, 5, 15, 30, 60 min after administration of the study drug.

Results
We did not observe any significant differences in the % predicted FEV1 and MPIS between formoterol and salbutamol at various time points from 1 min to 60 min post drug administration. There was significant improvement in FEV1 (% predicted) from baseline in both the groups as early as 1 min after drug administration.

Conclusions
Salbutamol or formoterol delivered along with inhaled corticosteroid by metered dose inhaler with spacer in children between 5-15 years of age with mild acute exacerbation of asthma had similar bronchodilatory effects.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00900874