bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of integrated sedimentological and geophysical methods in drumlin research – a case study of Pigeon Point, Clew Bay, Northwest Ireland
Authors: Hiemstra John F. , Kulessa Bernd , King Edward C. , Ntarlagiannis Dimitris 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTDespite significant advances over the past decades, our understanding of drumlin formation and associated ice‐bed processes is still incomplete. In this paper, we present the integrated use of geomorphological, sedimentological and geophysical techniques as a powerful means to force a breakthrough towards solving the drumlin enigma.We report on investigations of the anatomy of the Pigeon Point drumlin, Clew Bay, Ireland. We found that the bulk of the landform, which displays a classical drumlin shape, consists of silty‐clayey diamicton showing evidence of deformation, hydrofracturing and comminution. The unit is interpreted as a sub‐glacial traction till/comminution till. The thin unit overlying this basal till consists of silty‐sandy diamicton, and is interpreted as a para‐glacially modified melt‐out till. The partly cemented third unit consists of stratified, massive to graded sands and gravels. Its contact with the sub‐glacial traction till consists of a series of concave shapes, which suggests that it was deposited in meltwater channels that flowed in sub‐glacial cavities and that cut laterally into the drumlin.We propose that highs in the undulating rockhead relief, as shown in the seismic profile, have provided nuclei which initiated drumlin formation. This idea is supported by the observation of local detached bedrock slabs that grade upwards into a comminution till. In the long profile, very high normalized induced polarization (IP) values form a wedge‐shape, which is interpreted as a set of conjugate thrusts, or a ‘pop‐up’ structure. The structure is positioned directly above one of the undulations in the bedrock, suggesting a direct relationship. The high values are thought to reflect the presence of pre‐existing clays, which were sheared into the till, thus forming linings in the thrust features. It is concluded that glacitectonic processes, notably differential bedrock weathering and thrusting, have played a key role in the formation of this drumlin. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computer simulation of third‐order nonlinear singular problems arising in draining and coating flows
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Singh Neelima 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, the nonlinear third‐order singular ordinary differential equations that arise in draining and coating flows are studied and computationally solved by employing the modified Adomian decomposition method, and the series solutions of the governing nonlinear problems are developed. Because of singularity, it is not possible to move a contact line over a no‐slip surface, so we cannot find the solution of such problems. To overcome this difficulty, we modify boundary condition to apply the modified Adomian decomposition method with Padé approximants. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Twisting the Dollar? On the Consistency of Short‐Run and Long‐Run Exchange Rate Expectations
Authors: Frenkel Michael , Rülke Jan‐Christoph , Stadtmann Georg 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTWe examine consistency properties of the exchange rate expectation formation process of short‐run and long‐run forecasts in the dollar/euro and yen/dollar market. Applying nonlinear consistency restrictions we show that in a simple expectation formation structure short‐run forecasts are indeed inconsistent with long‐run predictions. Moreover, we establish a ‘twist’ in the dollar/euro expectation formation process, i.e. market participants expect bandwagon effects in the short run, while they have stabilizing expectations in their long‐run forecasts. Applying a panel probit analysis we find that this twisting behavior is more likely to occur in periods of excess exchange rate volatility. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The clinical impact and molecular biology of del(17p) in multiple myeloma treated with conventional or thalidomide‐based therapy
Authors: Boyd Kevin D. , Ross Fiona M. , Tapper William J. , Chiecchio Laura , Dagrada GianPaolo , Konn Zoe J. , Gonzalez David , Walker Brian A. , Hockley Sarah L. , Wardell Christopher P. , Gregory Walter M. , Anthony Child J. , Jackson Graham H. , Davies Faith E. , Morgan Gareth J. ,   on behalf of the NCRI Haematology Oncology Studies Group
Published: July 2011

AbstractHemizygous deletion of 17p (del(17p)) has been identified as a variable associated with poor prognosis in myeloma, although its impact in the context of thalidomide therapy is not well described. The clinical outcome of 85 myeloma patients with del(17p) treated in a clinical trial incorporating both conventional and thalidomide‐based induction therapies was examined. The clinical impact of deletion, low expression, and mutation of TP53 was also determined. Patients with del(17p) did not have inferior response rates compared to patients without del(17p), but, despite this, del(17p) was associated with impaired overall survival (OS) (median OS 26.6 vs. 48.5 months, P < 0.001). Within the del(17p) group, thalidomide induction therapy was associated with improved response rates compared to conventional therapy, but there was no impact on OS. Thalidomide maintenance was associated with impaired OS, although our analysis suggests that this effect may have been due to confounding variables. A minimally deleted region on 17p13.1 involving 17 genes was identified, of which only TP53 and SAT2 were underexpressed. TP53 was mutated in <1% in patients without del(17p) and in 27% of patients with del(17p). The higher TP53 mutation rate in samples with del(17p) suggests a role for TP53 in these clinical outcomes. In conclusion, del(17p) defined a patient group associated with short survival in myeloma, and although thalidomide induction therapy was associated with improved response rates, it did not impact OS, suggesting that alternative therapeutic strategies are required for this group. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Somatic mutations of the mitochondrial genome in human breast cancers
Authors: Tseng Ling‐Ming , Yin Pen‐Hui , Yang Chu‐Wen , Tsai Yi‐Fang , Hsu Chih‐Yi , Chi Chin‐Wen , Lee Hsin‐Chen 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSomatic mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been identified in various tumors, including breast cancer. However, their clinicopathological impact on breast cancer still remains unclear. In this study, we re‐sequenced the entire mtDNA from breast cancer samples together with paired non‐tumorous breast tissues from 58 Taiwanese patients. We identified 19 somatic mutations in the mtDNA coding region of 16 breast cancers. Out of these mutations, 12 of the 19 mutations (63%) are missense or frame‐shift mutations that have the potential to cause mitochondrial dysfunction. In combination with our previously study on the D‐loop region of mtDNA, we found that 47% (27/58) of the breast cancers harbored somatic mtDNA mutations. Among a total of 40 somatic mutations, 53% (21/40) were located in the D‐loop region of the mtDNA, 5% (2/40) were in the ribosomal RNA genes, 5% (2/40) were in the tRNA genes, and 38% (15/40) occurred in mRNA genes. The occurrence of these somatic mtDNA mutations is associated with an older onset age (≥50‐year old, P = 0.039), a higher TNM stage (P = 0.027), and a higher histological grade (P = 0.012). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that an older onset age (P = 0.029) and a higher histological grade (P = 0.006) are significantly correlated with patients having somatic mutations in the mtDNA in their breast cancer sample. In conclusion, our results suggest that somatic mtDNA mutations may play a critical role in the progression of breast cancer. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tissue transglutaminase activity is involved in the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells into myelin‐forming oligodendrocytes during CNS remyelination
Authors: Van Strien Miriam E. , Baron Wia , Bakker Erik N.T.P. , Bauer Jan , Bol John G.J.M. , Brevé John J.P. , Binnekade Rob , Van Der Laarse Willem J. , Drukarch Benjamin , Van Dam Anne‐Marie 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDuring normal brain development, axons are myelinated by mature oligodendrocytes (OLGs). Under pathological, demyelinating conditions within the central nervous system (CNS), axonal remyelination is only partially successful because oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) largely remain in an undifferentiated state resulting in a failure to generate myelinating OLGs. Tissue Transglutaminase (TG2) is a multifunctional enzyme, which amongst other functions, is involved in cell differentiation. Therefore, we hypothesized that TG2 contributes to differentiation of OPCs into OLGs and thereby stimulates remyelination. In vivo studies, using the cuprizone model for de‐ and remyelination in TG2−/− and wild‐type mice, showed that during remyelination expression of proteolipid protein mRNA, as a marker for remyelination, in the corpus callosum lags behind in TG2−/− mice resulting in less myelin formation and, moreover, impaired recovery of motor behavior. Subsequent in vitro studies showed that rat OPCs express TG2 protein and activity which reduces when the cells have matured into OLGs. Furthermore, when TG2 activity is pharmacologically inhibited, the differentiation of OPCs into myelin‐forming OLGs is dramatically reduced. We conclude that TG2 plays a prominent role in remyelination of the CNS, probably through stimulating OPC differentiation into myelin‐forming OLGs. Therefore, manipulating TG2 activity may represent an interesting new target for remyelination in demyelinating diseases. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of bulbar and mucosal olfactory ensheathing cells using FACS and simultaneous antigenic bivariate cell cycle analysis
Authors: Kueh Jacqueline Li‐Ling , Raisman Geoffrey , Li Ying , Stevens Robert , Li Daqing 
Published: July 2011

AbstractTransplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) is a promising route for CNS repair. There have, however, been major discrepancies between the results from different groups. Part of this can be attributed to variations in cell sources and culture protocols. Accurate estimation of the proportions of OECs and their associated fibroblasts (ONFs) and their evolution with time in culture is an essential baseline for establishing the reparative properties of transplants. In this study, we compare the evolution of cultures from the superficial layers of the olfactory bulb with tissue from the olfactory mucosa, both whole and split into lamina propria and epithelial layer. We used FACS based on p75 and Thy1 to provide a robust and objective numerical estimate of the numbers of OECs and ONFs, respectively in the cultures. A novel four color simultaneous antigenic bivariate cell cycle analysis shows that proliferation of OECs is time‐limited, and is unable to prevent an overall loss of OECs with time. Overall, the numbers of OECs in the cultures were inversely correlated with the deposition of fibronectin (FN). Further, culture of the cells purified by flow cytometry shows that, whereas the Thy1 population is terminally differentiated, the p75 population from the mucosal samples generates subpopulations with different antigenic phenotypes, including the reappearance of a subpopulation of p75 cells expressing FN. Culturing epithelial samples at high density reveals an unexpected transient stem cell‐like population of rapidly proliferating p75 positive cells. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The ribotoxin deoxynivalenol affects the viability and functions of glial cells
Authors: Razafimanjato Helisoa , Benzaria Amal , Taïeb Nadira , Guo Xiao‐Jun , Vidal Nicolas , Di Scala Coralie , Varini Karine , Maresca Marc 
Published: July 2011

AbstractGlial cells are responsible for maintaining brain homeostasis. Modification of the viability and functions of glial cells, including astrocytes and microglia, are associated with neuronal death and neurological diseases. Many toxins (heavy metals, pesticides, bacterial or viral toxins) are known to impact on brain cell viability and functions. Although recent publications suggest a potential link between environmental exposure of humans to mycotoxins and neurological diseases, data regarding the effects of fungal toxins on brain cells are scarce. In the present study, we looked at the impact of deoxynivalenol (DON), a fungal ribotoxin, on glial cells from animal and human origin. We found that DON decreased the viability of glial cells with a higher toxicity against microglial cells compared with astrocytes. In addition to cellular toxicity, DON affected key functions of glial cells. Thus, DON caused a biphasic effect on the neuroinflammatory response of microglia to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), while sublethal doses of DON increased the LPS‐induced secretion of TNF‐α and nitric oxide, toxic doses inhibited it. In addition to affecting microglial functions, sublethal doses of DON also suppressed the uptake of L‐glutamate by astrocytes. This inhibition was associated with a modification of the expression of the glutamate transporters at the plasma membrane. Our results suggest that environmental ribotoxins such as DON could, at low doses, cause modifications of brain homeostasis and possibly participate in the etiology of neurological diseases in which alterations of the glia are involved. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Salivary protein and solCD44 levels as a potential screening tool for early detection of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Franzmann Elizabeth J. , Reategui Erika P. , Pereira Lutecia H. Mateus , Pedroso Felipe , Joseph Debbie , Allen Glenn O. , Hamilton Kara , Reis Isildinha , Duncan Robert , Goodwin W. Jarrard , Hu Jennifer J. , Lokeshwar Vinata B. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackgroundHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a devastating disease usually diagnosed at a late stage when cure rates are 40%. We examined a simple and inexpensive molecular tool that may aid HNSCC detection.MethodsBuilding on prior findings that total protein levels are elevated in 102 HNSCC cases versus 84 control subjects, we further analyzed these levels with respect to important risk and demographic variables and compared the results to soluble CD44 (solCD44). Using multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARSs)‐logit modeling and logistic regression, we determined whether total protein, solCD44, or the combination best identifies HNSCC.ResultsCombined higher levels of solCD44 and protein were significantly associated with HNSCC (odds ratio [OR] = 24.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.04–68.57; area under the curve [AUC] = 0.786). A model including protein plus solCD44 resulted in a better area (AUC 0.796) than either marker alone.ConclusionOral rinse levels of solCD44 and protein seem to hold promise for detection of HNSCC. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Ultrasonographic surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: A randomized trial comparing 3- and 6-month periodicities
Authors: Trinchet Jean-Claude , Chaffaut Cendrine , Bourcier Valérie , Degos Françoise , Henrion Jean , Fontaine Hélène , Roulot Dominique , Mallat Ariane , Hillaire Sophie , Cales Paul , Ollivier Isabelle , Vinel Jean-Pierre , Mathurin Philippe , Bronowicki Jean-Pierre , Vilgrain Valérie , N'Kontchou Gisèle , Beaugrand Michel , Chevret Sylvie 
Published: July 2011

Abstract

Detection of small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) eligible for curative treatment is increased by surveillance, but its optimal periodicity is still debated. Thus, this randomized trial compared two ultrasonographic (US) periodicities: 3 months versus 6 months. A multicenter randomized trial was conducted in France and Belgium (43 sites). Patients with histologically proven compensated cirrhosis were randomized into two groups: US every 6 months (Gr6M) or 3 months (Gr3M). For each focal lesion detected, diagnostic procedures were performed according to European Association for the Study of the Liver guidelines. Cumulative incidence of events was estimated, then compared using Gray's test. The prevalence of HCC ≤30 mm in diameter was the main endpoint. A sample size of 1,200 patients was required. A total of 1,278 patients were randomized (Gr3M, n = 640; Gr6M, n = 638; alcohol 39.2%, hepatitis C virus 44.1%, hepatitis B virus 12.5%). At least one focal lesion was detected in 358 patients (28%) but HCC was confirmed in only 123 (9.6%) (uninodular 58.5%, ≤30 mm in diameter 74%). Focal-lesion incidence was not different between Gr3M and Gr6M groups (2-year estimates, 20.4% versus 13.2%,

P

= 0.067) but incidence of lesions ≤10 mm was increased (41% in Gr3M versus 28% in Gr6M,

P

= 0.002). No difference in either HCC incidence (

P

= 0.13) or in prevalence of tumors ≤30 mm in diameter (79% versus 70%,

P

= 0.30) was observed between the randomized groups.

Conclusion:

US surveillance, performed every 3 months, detects more small focal lesions than US every 6 months, but does not improve detection of small HCC, probably because of limitations in recall procedures. (Hepatology 2011;)
Septal elicitation of hippocampal theta rhythm did not repair cognitive and emotional deficits resulting from vestibular lesions
Authors: Neo Phoebe , Carter Donna , Zheng Yiwen , Smith Paul , Darlington Cynthia , McNaughton Neil 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBilateral vestibular lesions cause atrophy of the hippocampus in humans and subsequent deficits in spatial memory and the processing of emotional stimuli in both rats and humans. Vestibular lesions also impair hippocampal theta rhythm in rats. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether restoring theta rhythm to the hippocampus of a rat, via stimulation of the medial septum, would repair the deficits caused by vestibular lesions. It was hypothesized that the restoration of theta would repair the deficits and the vestibular rats would exhibit behavior and EEG similar to that of the sham rats. Rats were given either sham surgery or bilateral vestibular deafferentation (BVD) followed in a later operation by electrode implants. Half of the lesioned rats received stimulation. Subjects were tested in open field, elevated T‐maze and spatial nonmatching to sample tests. BVD caused a deficit in hippocampal theta rhythm. Stimulation restored theta power at a higher frequency in the vestibular‐lesioned rats, however, the stimulation did not repair the cognitive and emotional deficits caused by the lesions. It was concluded that stimulation, at least in the form used here, would not be a viable treatment option for vestibular damaged humans. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dorsal hippocampal lesions boost performance in the rat sequential reaction time task
Authors: Eckart M.T. , Huelse‐Matia M.C. , Schwarting R.K.W. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIt is commonly accepted that the hippocampus plays a major role in declarative memory across species and that it is of particular relevance for spatial memory in rodents. However, the interplay between hippocampal function and nondeclarative memory systems, such as procedural stimulus‐response (S‐R) or sequential learning, is less clear: depending on task requirements, an interaction, dissociation or interference between hippocampal function and other memory systems may occur.This study was conducted to investigate the influence of dorsal ibotenic hippocampal lesions on learning and performance of sequential behavior in a rat version of the serial reaction time task (SRTT). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analyses of the lesions revealed a bilateral volume reduction of ∼ 46% (histological analyses: ∼59%) of the total hippocampus. They were largely confined to its dorsal part and led to an expected spatial memory deficits in an object place recognition test as compared to healthy controls, even though sham lesions had the same effect. Our earlier studies on sequential learning had revealed substantial impairments in case of dorsal striatal dopaminergic lesions. In the present study, however, hippocampal lesioned animals unexpectedly showed superior performance throughout SRTT testing and training as compared to controls, which resulted in a higher degree of subsequent automated sequential behavior. Thus, our data reveal the infrequent case where hippocampal lesions lead to long‐term improvements in test performance of a type of rather complex procedural behavior. One possible explanation for this effect is that hippocampal activity in rodents can interfere with other memory systems during the acquisition of procedural tasks with very low spatial requirements, as used here. Alternative explanations for the observed superior SRTT performance in lesioned animals, such as hyperactivity or increased exploratory drive are also topic of the discussion. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Therapeutic factors secreted by mesenchymal stromal cells and tissue repair
Authors: Lee Ryang Hwa , Oh Joo Youn , Choi Hosoon , Bazhanov Nikolay 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSystemic administration of MSCs resulted in remarkable functional improvements in injured tissues without either long‐term engraftment or differentiation in many clinical and experimental situations. Emerging evidence suggest that most of the beneficial effects of MSCs could be explained by secretion of soluble factors that have multiple effects including modulation of inflammatory and immune reactions, protection from cell death, and stimulation of endogenous progenitor cells. In this review, we focus on the therapeutic factors that account for the beneficial effects of MSCs in animal models of human diseases. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 3073–3078, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Contra‐regulation of calcium‐ and integrin‐binding protein 1‐induced cell migration on fibronectin by PAK1 and MAP kinase signaling
Authors: Naik Meghna U. , Naik Ulhas P. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractCalcium‐ and integrin‐binding protein 1 (CIB1) has been shown to be involved in cell spreading and migration. The signaling events regulated by CIB1 during cell migration are poorly understood. Here we found that accumulation of CIB1 at the tip of the filopodia requires an intact cytoskeleton. Depletion of CIB1 using shRNA affects formation of FAK‐ and phosphotyrosine‐rich focal adhesions without affecting stress fiber formation. Overexpression of CIB1 results in cell migration on fibronectin and Erk1/2 MAP kinase activation. CIB1‐induced cell migration is dependent upon Erk1/2 activation, since it is inhibited by the MEK‐specific inhibitor PD98059. Furthermore, CIB1‐induced cell migration, as well as Erk1/2 activation, is dependent on PKC, Src family kinases as well as PI‐3 kinase as it is inhibited by bisindolylmaleimide 1, PP2, and wortmannin, respectively, in a dose‐dependent manner. Co‐expression of dominant‐negative Cdc42 completely abolished CIB1‐induced cell migration. Additionally, co‐expression of constitutively active, but not dominant negative PAK1, a CIB1 binding protein, inhibited CIB1‐induced cell migration. These results suggest that CIB1 positively regulates cell migration and is necessary for the recruitment of FAK to the focal adhesions. Furthermore, CIB1‐induced cell migration is dependent on MAP kinase signaling and its function is attenuated by PAK1. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 3289–3299, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.