bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth after ventricular septal defect repair: does defect size matter? A 10‐year experience
Authors: Manso PH , Carmona F , Jácomo ADN , Bettiol H , Barbieri MA , Carlotti APCP 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAim:  To evaluate whether the ventricular septal defect (VSD) size, along with the degree of preoperative growth impairment and age at repair, may influence postoperative growth, and if VSD size can be useful to identify children at risk for preoperative failure to thrive.Methods:  Sixty‐eight children submitted to VSD repair in a Brazilian tertiary‐care institution were evaluated. Weight and height measurements were converted to Z‐scores. Ventricular septal defect size was normalized by dividing it by the aortic root diameter (VSD/Ao ratio).Results:  Twenty‐six patients (38%) had significantly low weight‐for‐height, 10 patients (15%) had significantly low height‐for‐age and 13 patients (19%) had both conditions at repair. Catch‐up growth occurred in 82% of patients for weight‐for‐age, in 75% of patients for height‐for‐age and in 89% of patients for weight‐for‐height. Weight‐for‐height Z‐scores at surgery were significantly lower in patients who underwent repair before 9 months of age. The VSD/Ao ratio did not associate with any other data. On multivariate analysis, weight‐for‐age Z‐scores and age at surgery were independent predictors of long‐term weight and height respectively.Conclusion:  The VSD/Ao ratio was not a good predictor of preoperative failure to thrive. Most patients had preoperative growth impairment and presented catch‐up growth after repair. Preoperative growth status and age at surgery influenced long‐term growth.
Development of MRI T2 hyperintensities and cognitive functioning in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Feldmann Reinhold , Schuierer Gerhard , Wessel Astrid , Neveling Nina , Weglage Josef 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground:  In patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), cognitive deficits are frequent manifestations. They are associated with focal areas of high signal intensity (T2H) on T2‐weighted MRI of the brain. Changes in T2H may affect cognitive development. Our study was to analyse the relations between the long‐term development of T2H development and the cognitive abilities in patients with NF1.Method:  In a controlled prospective study, we investigated 67 patients with NF1 for their IQ with the patients having T2H (MRI) examination. Assessments and MRI were repeated at a 3‐ year follow‐up.Results:  Patients without T2H performed at the average IQ level. Patients with stable T2H performed below average level but within normal limits of IQ. Patients with T2H that decreased over study period performed well below normal limits at first examination but within limits at follow‐up. Stable T2H were found primarily in the cerebellum and the capsula interna. T2H that decreased were found primarily in the thalamus and the basal ganglia.Conclusions:  T2H in the cerebellum and the capsula interna are more permanent but exert a minor left shift in IQ. T2H in the thalamus or the basal ganglia are related to severely reduced performance. Decreasing they give way for performance improvement. There may be a different pathology in T2H related to the intracranial regions the T2H affect in patients with NF1.
Reasons for reading: why literature matters
Authors: Cliff Hodges Gabrielle 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRecent research in England suggests that opportunities for children's and young people's reading for pleasure may have been curtailed as a result of other curriculum imperatives. Under pressure to raise standards, there has been a strong emphasis on meeting objectives and managing the curriculum, but reasons for reading in the first place appear to have been neglected. In particular, little explicit attention has been paid, either in research or policy documentation, to why literature still has a clear role to play in English education. Taking as its starting point a selection of surveys and policy documents before moving to consider views from theorists, writers and young readers, this article seeks to stimulate debate about why reading literature still matters.
The effect of Baroque music on behavioural disturbances in patients with dementia
Authors: Nair Balakrishnan (Kichu) , Heim Christian , Krishnan Chitra , D'Este Catherine , Marley John , Attia John 
Published: July 2010

Aim:  To study the effect of Baroque music in people with dementia.Methods:  Patients in a multicultural dementia‐specific aged care facility were subjected to Baroque music in a cross‐over study.Results:  There were significantly more behavioural disturbances during the weeks when Baroque music was played compared to control periods (0.2 more episodes per week, P= 0.01), and more episodes in the afternoon shift compared to evening shift (1 more episode per week, P= 0.001).Conclusion:  These results confirm that music can influence behaviour but is contrary to previous results.
Cas utilizes Nck2 to activate Cdc42 and regulate cell polarization during cell migration in response to wound healing
Authors: Funasaka Kohei , Ito Satoko , Hasegawa Hitoki , Goldberg Gary S. , Hirooka Yoshiki , Goto Hidemi , Hamaguchi Michinari , Senga Takeshi 
Published: July 2010

Integrin‐mediated activation of Cdc42 is essential for cell polarization, whereas the integrin adaptor protein Cas is required for cell migration during wound healing. After phosphorylation on tyrosine residues, Cas recruits the adaptor proteins Crk and Nck to execute integrin‐mediated signals. However, the mechanisms leading to Cdc42 activation and its relationship with Cas, Crk and Nck have not been elucidated clearly. In the present study, we demonstrate that Cas utilizes Nck2 to activate Cdc42 and induce cell polarization in response to wounding. By contrast, Cas recruits CrkII to activate Rac1 and promote the extension of cell protrusions needed for cell motility. These results indicate that Cas utilizes Nck2 and CrkII in a coordinated set of distinct pathways leading to cell migration.Structured digital abstract
MINT‐7909509: Cas (uniprotkb:Q61140) and Nck2 (uniprotkb:Q8BQ28) colocalize (MI:0403) by fluorescence microscopy (MI:0416)
Evolutionary ecology of mycorrhizal functional diversity in agricultural systems
Authors: Verbruggen Erik , Toby Kiers E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe root systems of most agronomic crops are colonized by diverse assemblages of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), varying in the functional benefits (e.g. nutrient transfer, pathogen protection, water uptake) provided to hosts. Little is known about the evolutionary processes that shape the composition of these fungal assemblages, nor is it known whether more diverse assemblages are beneficial to crop productivity. In this review we aim to identify the evolutionary selection pressures that shape AMF diversity in agricultural systems and explore whether promotion of AMF diversity can convincingly be linked to increases in agricultural productivity and/or sustainability. We then ask whether farmers can (and should) actively modify evolutionary selection pressures to increase AMF functioning. We focus on three agriculturally imposed selection regimes: tillage, fertilization, and continuous monoculture. We find that the uniform nature of these practices strongly selects for dominance of few AMF species. These species exhibit predictable, generally non‐beneficial traits, namely heavy investment in reproduction at the expense of nutrient scavenging and transfer processes that are beneficial for hosts. A number of focus‐points are given based on empirical and theoretical evidence that could be utilized to slow down negative selection pressures on AMF functioning, therein increasing crop benefit.
A pyrosequencing assay for the rapid discrimination of mitochondrial lineages in the Salmo trutta species complex
Authors: KELLER I. , TAVERNA A. , SEEHAUSEN O. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe European trout (Salmo trutta species complex) is genetically very diverse consisting of five distinct mitochondrial lineages that probably originated in the Pleistocene. Here, we describe a novel pyrosequencing protocol to generate two short sequence reads from the mitochondrial control region, which allow the unambiguous identification of all five lineages. The approach was found to be easily transferable between laboratories and should be a valuable tool for the assessment of genetic diversity in trout. Pyrosequencing‐based assays for molecular species identification are expected to be generally useful whenever multiple positions in a short DNA sequence need to be assessed.
WARRANTY POLICY IMPACT ON NET REVENUES DUE TO OPTIONAL PURCHASES
Authors: GAVISH BEZALEL , SOBOL MARION 
Published: July 2010

A stochastic model is developed which can be used to set warranty periods so that a small percentage of items sold in a store are returned for rebates, repairs or replacements. If return to the store provides benefits to the retailer such as purchase of upgrades, ability to sell additional related goods or to sell snacks and other unrelated merchandise, while the customer is waiting, then profits may be maximized by setting warranty periods so that a larger percentage of the population will revisit the store. Results for products with initially high failure rates (TV sets, complex electronic components and cellular phones) versus products with gradually increasing failure rates (tires, batteries) are compared using simulations. Initially high rates of failure in conjunction with revenues from additional purchases that are greater than zero and initial losses that are low may be more lucrative than revenues from gradually increasing wear out replacements. Minimal levels of additional purchases, initial loss in value and rate reduction per number of periods can be established based on realistic simulation data in order for retailers and manufacturers to facilitate profit maximization using warranty policy.
Existence Theorems for Generalized Distance on Complete Metric Spaces
Authors: Ume JeongSheok 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe first introduce the new concept of a distance called "Equation missing"-distance, which generalizes "Equation missing"-distance, Tataru's distance, and "Equation missing"-distance. Then we prove a new minimization theorem and a new fixed point theorem by using a "Equation missing"-distance on a complete metric space. Our results extend and unify many known results due to Caristi, Ćirić, Ekeland, Kada-Suzuki-Takahashi, Kannan, Ume, and others.
Seasonal Flow Reversals of Intermediate Waters in the Canary Current System East of the Canary Islands
Authors: Machín Francisco , Pelegrí Josep L. , Fraile-Nuez E. , Vélez-Belchí P. , López-Laatzen F. , Hernández-Guerra A. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Two 9-yr current-meter and salinity records, together with climatological data, reveal marked seasonal variability of the intermediate flow at a key location in the Canary Basin. The region is characterized by a summer (July–September) and early fall (October) northward progression of Antarctic Intermediate Water followed by a fall (November–December) intense flow reversal of Mediterranean Water. A Sverdrup-type model confirms that these movements are associated with stretching or shrinking of the intermediate water strata.
Semiempirical Dissipation Source Functions for Ocean Waves. Part I: Definition, Calibration, and Validation
Authors: Ardhuin Fabrice , Rogers Erick , Babanin Alexander V. , Filipot Jean-François , Magne Rudy , Roland Aaron , van der Westhuysen Andre , Queffeulou Pierre , Lefevre Jean-Michel , Aouf Lotfi , Collard Fabrice 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
New parameterizations for the spectral dissipation of wind-generated waves are proposed. The rates of dissipation have no predetermined spectral shapes and are functions of the wave spectrum and wind speed and direction, in a way consistent with observations of wave breaking and swell dissipation properties. Namely, the swell dissipation is nonlinear and proportional to the swell steepness, and dissipation due to wave breaking is nonzero only when a nondimensional spectrum exceeds the threshold at which waves are observed to start breaking. An additional source of short-wave dissipation is introduced to represent the dissipation of short waves due to longer breaking waves. A reduction of the wind-wave generation of short waves is meant to account for the momentum flux absorbed by longer waves. These parameterizations are combined and calibrated with the discrete interaction approximation for the nonlinear interactions. Parameters are adjusted to reproduce observed shapes of directional wave spectra, and the variability of spectral moments with wind speed and wave height. The wave energy balance is verified in a wide range of conditions and scales, from the global ocean to coastal settings. Wave height, peak and mean periods, and spectral data are validated using in situ and remote sensing data. Some systematic defects are still present, but, overall, the parameterizations probably yield the most accurate estimates of wave parameters to date. Perspectives for further improvement are also given.
Modification of conservative treatment of heterotopic cervical pregnancy by Foley catheter balloon fixation with cerclage sutures at the level of the external cervical os: a case report
Authors: Hafner Tomislav , Ivkosic Ivana Erceg , Serman Alan , Bauman Renato , Ujevic Boris , Vujisic Sanja , Hafner Daria , Miskovic Berivoj 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Introduction
Conservative treatment of a heterotopic cervical pregnancy was performed with a modification of the fixation of a Foley catheter at the level of the external cervical os, followed by the ligature of the descending cervical branches of the uterine arteries and systemic methotrexate application.

Case presentation
A 34-year-old Caucasian woman was diagnosed with double gestation after 6 weeks of in vitro fertilization treatment. A gynecological examination and color Doppler ultrasound scan revealed intra-uterine and cervical gestational sacs both containing live fetuses. A Foley catheter balloon was inserted into the cervical canal, inflated and fixed by a cerclage suture at the level of the external cervical os, followed by ligation of the descending cervical branches of the uterine arteries. Systemic methotrexate was applied. Three days after removal of the Foley catheter, an evacuation of the intra-uterine gestational sac was performed. Hemorrhage from the implantation site was controlled immediately and a pregnancy termination was successfully performed. The procedure was uneventful and our patient was discharged with a preserved uterus.

Conclusions
Conservative treatment of cervical pregnancy using a Foley catheter balloon is more efficacious if the Foley catheter balloon is attached in the correct position with a cerclage suture at the level of the external os, followed by ligation of the descending cervical branches of the uterine arteries, thereby exerting maximal pressure on the bleeding vessels.
Highly Active Cs2O/Ru/Pr6O11 as a Catalyst for Ammonia Decomposition
Authors: Nagaoka Katsutoshi , Honda Kyoko , Ibuki Megumi , Sato Katsutoshi , Takita Yusaku 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The use of a new catalyst, namely, Cs2O/5 wt % Ru/Pr6O11 (mole ratio of Cs to Ru: 1), in which Ru is supported on strong basic Pr6O11 and the strong basic promoter Cs2O is added, resulted in almost complete NH3 consumption at 673 K and an NH3 conversion of 14% even at temperatures as low as 523 K.
Hormone replacement therapy and breast disease
Authors: Marsden Jo 
Published: July 2010

Key content

It is the addition of a progestogen that confers the increased risk of breast cancer diagnosis associated with HRT.
Risk may be reduced by the use of combined regimens containing progesterone‐derived progestogen or dydrogesterone.
The levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system may be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer diagnosis.
HRT may reduce the sensitivity and specificity of mammography but there is no direct clinical evidence that this reduces the small mortality benefit derived from the NHS Breast Screening Programme.
Although breast cancer diagnosis may be increased with HRT, there is no robust evidence for an adverse effect on breast cancer survival.

Learning objectives

To understand the limitations of existing evidence.
To acknowledge that uncertainty remains.

Ethical issues

Is it ethical to publicise risk factor data in terms of risk ratios and percentage changes?
In the case of an uncertain intervention such as HRT for symptom alleviation, how can risk be balanced against benefit among women at high risk of breast cancer or breast cancer recurrence?

Please cite this article as: Marsden J. Hormone replacement therapy and breast disease. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2010;12:155–163.
Diagnosis and management of tuberculosis in pregnancy
Authors: Mahendru Amita , Gajjar Ketan , Eddy John 
Published: July 2010

Key content

The UK has one of the highest incidence rates of tuberculosis (TB) in Western Europe.
Tuberculosis in pregnancy appears to be limited exclusively to ethnic minority women.
Timely investigation and diagnosis of TB are essential to initiate treatment and prevent maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.
Diagnosis is difficult as symptoms can mimic physiological changes of pregnancy.

Learning objectives

To understand the various presentations and identify those at risk of infection or of developing the disease in pregnancy.
To learn about various anti‐TB treatment regimens and their adverse effects.
To understand the issues of infection control and the multidisciplinary approach to care.

Ethical issues

Do newborn infants need to be separated from their mother if the mother has TB?
Can breastfeeding still be recommended if the mother is being treated for TB?

Please cite this article as: Mahendru A, Gajjar K, Eddy J. Diagnosis and management of tuberculosis in pregnancy. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2010;12:163–171.
Management of breast cancer during pregnancy
Authors: Padmagirison Radhika , Gajjar Ketan , Spencer Chris 
Published: July 2010

Key content

Delays in childbearing trends are likely to lead to an increase in breast cancer cases diagnosed during pregnancy.
Presentation is usually late because early diagnosis is more difficult.
Surgery is safe throughout pregnancy, whilst radiotherapy and chemotherapy should be administered after completion of the first trimester.
Breast cancer in pregnancy does not carry any significant obstetrical or perinatal risks.
Termination of pregnancy does not affect maternal prognosis.

Learning objectives

To understand the role of diagnostic and staging procedures.
To understand the various treatment modalities available.
To understand the obstetric management and timing of delivery.
To highlight the importance of the multidisciplinary team.

Ethical issues

At what gestation could termination of pregnancy be warranted?
When should women embark on a further pregnancy after breast cancer treatment?

Please cite this article as: Padmagirison R, Gajjar K, Spencer C. Management of breast cancer during pregnancy. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2010;12:186–192.
StratOG.net: the RCOG's online learning resource to support curriculum delivery and postgraduate training
Authors: Saunders Helen , Hundal Kulvir , Mires Gary J 
Published: July 2010

Key content

StratOG.net is a self‐directed and reflective e‐learning programme.
The content mirrors the RCOG's core curriculum.
StratOG.net is designed to meet the learning requirements and to enhance the learning experience of trainees preparing for the RCOG membership examination.
In a satisfaction survey, 98% of respondents considered that StratOG.net had helped them in their learning.
Future developments include a trainers' resource area.

Learning objectives

To understand how StratOG.net can help learners to prepare for the RCOG Membership examination.
To learn about the past and future development of StratOG.net.

Ethical issues

When developing an e‐learning programme, how do you balance the technological constraints and the educational requirements?
Can an e‐learning programme meet all the learning needs of a trainee, or should it always be used as part of a blended learning package?
Public Policy and Market Competition: How the Master Settlement Agreement Changed the Cigarette Industry
Authors: Ciliberto Federico , Kuminoff Nicolai V 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
This paper investigates the large and unexpected increase in cigarette prices that followed the 1997 Master Settlement Agreement (MSA). We integrate key features of rational addiction theory into a discrete-choice model of the demand for a differentiated product. We find that following the MSA firms set prices on a more elastic region of their demand curves. Using these estimates, we predict prices that would be charged under a variety of industry structures and pricing rules. Under the assumptions of firms perfect foresight and constant marginal costs, we fail to reject the hypothesis that firms collude on a dynamic pricing strategy.
The Economics of Female Genital Cutting
Authors: Chesnokova Tatyana , Vaithianathan Rhema 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The practice of female genital cutting (FGC) has a long history in Africa and it is thought that over 130 million females alive today have undergone the practice. In this paper, we model FGC as a pre-marital investment. We show how the rat-race nature of the marriage market may result in inefficiently high equilibrium levels of FGC. We argue that in this case, regulation results in a (potential) Pareto improvement and that even weak regulation can be effective in eradicating FGC.
Liberalization of abortion and reduction of abortion related morbidity and mortality in Nigeria
Authors: OKONTA PATRICK I. , EBEIGBE PETER N. , SUNDAY‐ADEOYE ILEOGBEN 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis study aimed at determining the knowledge and perception of physicians in Nigeria on abortion related deaths, and also to find out if they will support the liberalization of abortion as a means of reducing deaths from unsafe abortion. Physicians' willingness to offer abortion services was also explored. A self‐administered questionnaire was distributed to a convenience sample of physicians in Delta state of Nigeria. Physicians were equally divided on whether legal liberalization of abortion would significantly reduce maternal mortality in Nigeria. Only 13.4% of the doctors were willing to offer abortion services if legally liberalized. The majority of the doctors considered promoting abstinence from pre‐marital sex and contraceptive use as best effective strategies for reducing abortion‐related deaths. However, liberalization of abortion law in Nigeria was not considered a very effective strategy.
Risk of impaired glucose tolerance in normal weight hirsute women during four years observation
Authors: ANDRIES MAGDALENE , GLINTBORG DORTE , ANDERSEN MARIANNE 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHirsutism is a common disorder affecting 5–20% of women in reproductive age. Only limited follow‐up data exist regarding the prognosis for glucose tolerance and metabolic risk factors in hirsutism. Sixty‐nine Caucasian hirsute women underwent a clinical examination and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) during 1997–2002 (baseline) and during 2003–2004 (re‐evaluation). The observation period was (median; range) 4 (2–7) years. During re‐evaluation, body mass index (BMI) was 24.9 (22.4–29.0) kg/m2 and total Ferriman‐Gallwey score was 10 (7–15) (median; 25–75% quartile). The women had unchanged BMI compared to baseline but increased fasting and 2 hour glucose levels. Impaired OGTT outcome during follow‐up was seen in 14/66 (21.2%) women, 5/66 (7.6%) developed diabetes. Women who took oral contraceptives had a significantly decreased area under the curve (AUC) for insulin during follow‐up, whereas AUC glucose levels increased. The present data supported a high risk of diabetes in only moderately overweight hirsute women.