bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Roughness Characterization Methods for Data-Driven Predictions
Authors: Yang Jiasheng , Stroh Alexander , Lee Sangseung , Bagheri Shervin , Frohnapfel Bettina , Forooghi Pourya 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA comparative analysis is undertaken to explore the impact of various roughness characterization methods as input variables on the performance of data-driven predictive models for estimating the roughness equivalent sand-grain size $$k_s$$

k
s

. The first type of model, denoted as $$\text {ENN}_\text {PS}$$

ENN
PS

, incorporates the roughness height probability density function (p.d.f.) and power spectrum (PS), while the second type of model, $$\text {ENN}_\text {PA}$$

ENN
PA

, utilizes a finite set of 17 roughness statistical parameters as input variables. Furthermore, a simplified parameter-based model, denoted as $$\text {ENN}_\text {PAM}$$

ENN
PAM

, is considered, which features only 6 input roughness parameters. The models are trained based on identical databases and evaluated using roughness samples similar to the training databases as well as an external testing database based on literature. While the predictions based on p.d.f. and PS achieves a stable error level of around 10% among all considered testing samples, a notable deterioration in performance is observed for the parameter-based models for the external testing database, indicating a lower extrapolating capability to diverse roughness types. Finally, the sensitivity analysis on different types of roughness confirms an effective identification of distinct roughness effects by $$\text {ENN}_\text {PAM}$$

ENN
PAM

, which is not observed for $$\text {ENN}_\text {PA}$$

ENN
PA

. We hypothesize that the successful training of $$\text {ENN}_\text {PAM}$$

ENN
PAM

is attributed to the enhanced training efficiency linked to the lower input dimensionality.
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes as a predictor of axillary and primary tumor pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chin Kian , Landén Amalia H. , Kovács Anikó , Wärnberg Fredrik , Ekholm Maria , Karlsson Per , Olofsson Bagge Roger 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can predict complete pathological response (pCR) of tumor in the breast but not so well-defined in the axilla after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Since axillary surgery is being increasingly de-escalated after NACT, we aimed to investigate the relationship between TILs and pCR in the axilla and breast, as well as survival amongst NACT patients.

Methods
Clinicopathological data on patients who underwent NACT between 2013 and 2020 were retrospectively examined. Specifically, pre-TILs (before NACT), post-TILs (after NACT) and ΔTIL (changes in TILs) were assessed. Primary endpoint was pCR and secondary endpoints were breast cancer-free interval (BCFI) and overall survival (OS).

Results
Two hundred and twenty patients with nodal metastases were included. Overall axillary and breast pCR rates were 42.7% (94/220) and 39.1% (86/220), respectively, whereas the combined pCR rate was 32.7% (72/220). High pre-TILs (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.02–4.05; p = 0.04) predicted axillary pCR whereas, high post-TILs (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.14–0.76; p = 0.009) and increased ΔTILs (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.08–0.79; p = 0.02) predicted non-axillary pCR. TILs were not a significant predictor for BCFI and OS.

Conclusions
This study supports the potential use of pre-TILs to select initially node-positive patients for axillary surgical de-escalation after NACT.
The Efficacy of Different Material Scaffold-Guided Cell Transplantation in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury in Rats: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Zhihua , Li Jun , Xu Tianqi , Guo Boyu , Xie Zhiping , Li Meihua 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Cell transplantation is a promising treatment option for spinal cord injury (SCI). However, there is no consensus on the choice of carrier scaffolds to host the cells. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of different material scaffold-mediated cell transplantation in treating SCI in rats. According to PRISMA’s principle, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were searched, and relevant literature was referenced. Only original research on cell transplantation plus natural or synthetic scaffolds in SCI rats was included. Direct and indirect evidence for improving hind limb motor function was pooled through meta-analysis. A subgroup analysis of some factors that may affect the therapeutic effect was conducted to understand the results fully. In total, 25 studies met the inclusion criteria, in which 293 rats received sham surgery, 78 rats received synthetic material scaffolds, and 219 rats received natural materials scaffolds. The network meta-analysis demonstrated that although synthetic scaffolds were slightly inferior to natural scaffolds in terms of restoring motor function in cell transplantation of SCI rats, no statistical differences were observed between the two (MD: −0.35; 95% CI −2.6 to 1.9). Moreover, the subgroup analysis revealed that the type and number of cells may be important factors in therapeutic efficacy (P < 0.01). Natural scaffolds and synthetic scaffolds are equally effective in cell transplantation of SCI rats without significant differences. In the future, the findings need to be validated in multicenter, large-scale, randomized controlled trials in clinical practice.
Trial registration: Registration ID CRD42024459674 (PROSPERO).

Graphical Abstract
Meiotic drive against chromosome fusions in butterfly hybrids
Authors: Boman Jesper , Wiklund Christer , Vila Roger , Backström Niclas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSpecies frequently differ in the number and structure of chromosomes they harbor, but individuals that are heterozygous for chromosomal rearrangements may suffer from reduced fitness. Chromosomal rearrangements like fissions and fusions can hence serve as a mechanism for speciation between incipient lineages, but their evolution poses a paradox. How can rearrangements get fixed between populations if heterozygotes have reduced fitness? One solution is that this process predominantly occurs in small and isolated populations, where genetic drift can override natural selection. However, fixation is also more likely if a novel rearrangement is favored by a transmission bias, such as meiotic drive. Here, we investigate chromosomal transmission distortion in hybrids between two wood white (Leptidea sinapis) butterfly populations with extensive karyotype differences. Using data from two different crossing experiments, we uncover that there is a transmission bias favoring the ancestral chromosomal state for derived fusions, a result that shows that chromosome fusions actually can fix in populations despite being counteracted by meiotic drive. This means that meiotic drive not only can promote runaway chromosome number evolution and speciation, but also that it can be a conservative force acting against karyotypic change and the evolution of reproductive isolation. Based on our results, we suggest a mechanistic model for why chromosome fusion mutations may be opposed by meiotic drive and discuss factors contributing to karyotype evolution in Lepidoptera.
A new binary chaos-based metaheuristic algorithm for software defect prediction
Authors: Arasteh Bahman , Arasteh Keyvan , Ghaffari Ali , Ghanbarzadeh Reza 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSoftware defect prediction is a critical challenge within software engineering aimed at enhancing software quality by proactively identifying potential defects. This approach involves selecting defect-prone modules ahead of the testing phase, thereby reducing testing time and costs. Machine learning methods provide developers with valuable models for categorising faulty software modules. However, the challenge arises from the numerous elements present in the training dataset, which frequently reduce the accuracy and precision of classification. Addressing this, selecting effective features for classification from the dataset becomes an NP-hard problem, often tackled using metaheuristic algorithms. This study introduces a novel approach, the Binary Chaos-based Olympiad Optimisation Algorithm, specifically designed to select the most impactful features from the training dataset. By selecting these influential features for classification, the precision and accuracy of software module classifiers can be notably improved. The study's primary contributions involve devising a binary variant of the chaos-based Olympiad optimisation algorithm to meticulously select effective features and construct an efficient classification model for identifying faulty software modules. Five real-world and standard datasets were utilised across both the training and testing phases of the classifier to evaluate the proposed method's effectiveness. The findings highlight that among the 21 features within the training datasets, specific metrics such as basic complexity, the sum of operators and operands, lines of code, quantity of lines containing code and comments, and the sum of operands have the most significant influence on software defect prediction. This research underscores the combined effectiveness of the proposed method and machine learning algorithms, significantly boosting accuracy (91.13%), precision (92.74%), recall (97.61%), and F1 score (94.26%) in software defect prediction.
“People are Way too Obsessed with Rank”: Trust System in Social Virtual Reality
Authors: Chen Qijia , Cai Jie , Jacucci Giulio 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Social Virtual Reality (VR) is growing in popularity and has drawn the attention of HCI academics. Social VR experiences harassment just like other online environments. The Trust System (TS) in VRChat, one of the most prominent social VR platforms, is designed to measure and indicate users’ trustworthiness in order to reduce toxicity in the platform. In this research, we analyzed data from “r/VRChat,” to understand how users perceive the system. We found that users interpret the system differently. Problems in its implementation cause distrust. The trust ranks, while intended to promote positive interactions, can actually lead to stereotyping and discourage communication between users of different ranks. The hierarchical structure within the ranks exacerbates discrimination and conflicts, particularly against the low-ranked users. We further discuss that trust ranks present challenges to newcomers and contribute to a competitive atmosphere that hinders the formation of less toxic norms. Finally, we provide implications for the future design of similar systems.
Hunting bugs: Towards an automated approach to identifying which change caused a bug through regression testing
Authors: Maes-Bermejo Michel , Serebrenik Alexander , Gallego Micael , Gortázar Francisco , Robles Gregorio , González Barahona Jesús María 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Context
Finding code changes that introduced bugs is important both for practitioners and researchers, but doing it precisely is a manual, effort-intensive process. The perfect test method is a theoretical construct aimed at detecting Bug-Introducing Changes (BIC) through a theoretical perfect test. This perfect test always fails if the bug is present, and passes otherwise.

Objective
To explore a possible automatic operationalization of the perfect test method.

Method
To use regression tests as substitutes for the perfect test. For this, we transplant the regression tests to past snapshots of the code, and use them to identify the BIC, on a well-known collection of bugs from the Defects4J dataset.

Results
From 809 bugs in the dataset, when running our operationalization of the perfect test method, for 95 of them the BIC was identified precisely and in the remaining 4 cases, a list of candidates including the BIC was provided.

Conclusions
We demonstrate that the operationalization of the perfect test method through regression tests is feasible and can be completely automated in practice when tests can be transplanted and run in past snapshots of the code. Given that implementing regression tests when a bug is fixed is considered a good practice, when developers follow it, they can detect effortlessly bug-introducing changes by using our operationalization of the perfect test method.
Minkowski Space from Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Szabados László B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPenrose’s Spin Geometry Theorem is extended further, from SU(2) and E(3) (Euclidean) to E(1, 3) (Poincaré) invariant elementary quantum mechanical systems. The Lorentzian spatial distance between any two non-parallel timelike straight lines of Minkowski space, considered to be the centre-of-mass world lines of E(1, 3)-invariant elementary classical mechanical systems with positive rest mass, is expressed in terms of E(1, 3)-invariant basic observables, viz. the 4-momentum and the angular momentum of the systems. An analogous expression for E(1, 3)-invariant elementary quantum mechanical systems in terms of the basic quantum observables in an abstract, algebraic formulation of quantum mechanics is given, and it is shown that, in the classical limit, it reproduces the Lorentzian spatial distance between the timelike straight lines of Minkowski space with asymptotically vanishing uncertainty. Thus, the metric structure of Minkowski space can be recovered from quantum mechanics in the classical limit using only the observables of abstract quantum mechanical systems.
Breakage Indices for Constitutive Models to Track the Evolution of Particle Crushing Under Continuous Shearing
Authors: Irani Nazanin , Tafili Merita , Prada-Sarmiento Luis Felipe , Wichtmann Torsten 
Published: May 2024

AbstractResearchers have developed numerous breakage indices, predominantly relying on comparisons between pre- and post-test Grain Size Distribution (GSD) curves determined through conventional sieve analysis. Although these indices enable a precise estimation of particle breakage extent, a significant limitation arises when attempting to integrate them into constitutive models, especially when those models cannot consider GSD as an input. This paper addresses the need for tailored breakage indices designed to suit the specific requirements of different families of constitutive models. The new indices have been developed based on stress and strain tensor invariants or combinations thereof, ensuring the future ease of implementation into various constitutive models. The proposed equations have been validated using five different sets of experiments performed on rockfill material, calcareous, and quartz sands. The comparison between the available experimental data and the estimated degree of particle breakage using the suggested indices demonstrates their adequate performance. The novel indices can be integrated into different constitutive models, including hypoplastic, elastoplastic, and thermodynamically consistent approaches, as well as tested for their practical applicability for boundary value problems.
Ground Tire Rubber as a Sustainable Additive: Transforming Desert Sand Behavior
Authors: Ismael Nabil , Ismael Dalya , Al-Ahmad Asmaa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractManaging waste tires presents a significant challenge globally, particularly in regions experiencing high temperatures and shortage of landfill sites. This issue is affecting countries like Kuwait, where the abundance of waste tires is a major source of environmental and safety risks, particularly during the intensely hot summer months. This extreme heat has sparked numerous fires, leading to substantial air pollution due to thick black smoke. Given the limited disposal options, recycling waste tires and finding practical applications for ground tire rubber (GTR) is essential. To address the challenge, a comprehensive laboratory testing program was conducted, using locally produced rubber aggregates as an additive to Kuwait's local surface sands. Two new variables were examined namely the size and gradation of the GTR, and the density of the compacted mixes. For this purpose, two different sizes of rubber aggregates, fine and coarse produced locally, were utilized, and the impact of relative compaction on the strength and compressibility of the mixtures was investigated by testing samples compacted to the maximum density and to 95% of the maximum density. The results suggest that combining local surface sands with rubber tire additives results in a lighter, more permeable, and compressible material, contributing significantly to sustainable waste management. With 20% rubber additive the maximum dry density decreased by nearly 20%, and the permeability increased by 1.74–3.11 times and the compression index increased by 6.15 and 3.8 times with fine and coarse rubber respectively. The angle of friction remained unchanged at 36° with the addition of coarse rubber and decreased by 3°–4° with fine rubber. The change in behavior although not an increase in the strength and stiffness, offers a range of suitable practical applications in civil engineering and environmental management, including use as a drainage layer, embankment construction on soft ground, earth fill around retaining walls, an additive in asphalt mixes, and in manufacturing compressible tiles for sports facilities.
Characterization of olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars; colour properties, biochemical contents, antioxidant activity and nutrient contents
Authors: Tunç Yazgan , Yaman Mehmet , Keçe Yusuf Murat , Yilmaz Kadir Uğurtan , Yildiz Ercan , Güneş Adem 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The olive tree, scientifically known as Olea europaea L., is an evergreen xerophytic tree that defines the natural flora, historical background, and cultural essence of the Mediterranean Basin. This study aimed to establish relationships using multivariate analysis methods between the nutrient content of soil conditions in which olive cultivars grown in Türkiye are cultivated and the nutrient element content, phytochemical contents, antioxidant activity, total chlorophyll amount, and leaf colors of these cultivars. All data sets used in the study were analyzed in 2022 and 2023, and average values were used in the research. According to Tukey's comparison result, it was determined that the soil structure of the garden was homogeneous in terms of nutrients it contained. In nutrient analysis conducted on leaves, in the ‘Çelebi’ cultivar, Al (59.25 mg kg−1), B (6.53 mg kg−1), Cu (48.36 mg kg−1), Fe (69.34 mg kg−1), K (1438.11 mg kg−1), Na (197.12 mg kg−1) nutrients are the highest; in the ‘Gemlik-21’ cultivar, Ca (5485.03 mg kg−1) nutrient is the highest; in the ‘Sarı Haşebi’ cultivar, Mg (928.11 mg kg−1), Mn (19.71 mg kg−1), S (632.77 mg kg−1) nutrients are the highest; and in the ‘Tavşan Yüreği’ cultivar, Ni (1.71 mg kg−1), Zn (9.76 mg kg−1) nutrients are the highest. The L* (49.19), b* (29.43) color values are highest in the ‘Sarı Yaprak’ cultivar, while the a* (28.84) value is highest in the ‘Girit Zeytini’ cultivar. The highest leaf chlorophyll content was determined in the ‘Girit Zeytini’ cultivar (95.57). Total phenolics, total flavonoids, antioxidant capacity were determined to be highest in the ‘Manzanilla’ (151.49 mg GAE/100 g), ‘Edincik Su’ (39.01 mg QE/100 g), ‘Nizip Yağlık’ (91.18%) cultivars, respectively. According to the principal component analysis, the first three principal components accounted for 82% of the total variation. The correlation matrix analysis revealed that high levels of certain minerals in the soil led to an increase in the leaves, resulting in positive correlation, while the opposite was true for negative correlation. According to heat map analysis, mineral elements in the leaf were in the same group, while other data sets were in different groups. The data obtained will shed light on future research on similar topics.
You just have to take a big leap! Authentic teaching and learning in the technology program at an upper secondary school
Authors: Engström Susanne , Lennholm Helena 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In literature, teaching for an authentic learning experience is seen as rewarding and interesting, promoting better understanding of for example sustainable development and fostering students’ independence. Some upper secondary schools emphasise authentic teaching and learning on their websites, showcasing how students engage in authentic tasks. We are interested in examining how authentic teaching is implemented in practice and what enables it. Therefore, we investigate a specific practice where authentic teaching occurs, and we follow students and teachers. We want to understand what may be required to implement authentic teaching. The research questions were: What characterises authentic teaching and learning when students on the technology program work on their design projects and individual pieces of work? How is authentic teaching and learning facilitated? Students in Year 3 of the technology program engaged in a project where they studied residential apartments’ resource use and climate impact using sensors. They visited the energy research team, learned about the technology and data collection, and completed own upper secondary school projects related to sensor technology, programming, and data analysis. These were meant to be characterised by authenticity according to the school’s procedures. Data was collected through interviews, observations, and analysis of video material, sound recordings, and field notes. The analysis revealed that the teaching exhibited characteristics of authentic learning, facilitated by early exposure, teacher empowerment, and strong support from management and resources. The results thus show both the characteristics of how the teaching is organized and how teachers handle students’ learning, as well as the organizational factors at the specific school that enable it.
Associations between Social Experiences and Psychological Health for Autistic Youth with Low IQ
Authors: Taylor Julie Lounds , Sullivan Virginia , Bishop Somer L. , Zheng Shuting , Adams Ryan E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Social experiences are consistently associated with psychological health among autistic individuals. However, most extant studies on this topic exclude individuals with autism who have lower IQ or are otherwise unable to self-report. The current study addresses this gap by examining associations of negative peer experiences and social participation with psychological health among autistic youth with low IQ.

Methods
An online survey was collected from 268 parents of autistic adolescents and adults ages 15–25. Negative peer experiences included measures of peer victimization and being ignored. Social participation was assessed by the amount of participation and parents’ perceptions of whether their youth felt the amount of participation was meeting their needs. Psychological health was assessed by parents’ report of their youth’s psychological quality of life, as well as whether they felt their son/daughter was currently depressed.

Results
Results suggested low rates of social participation in this sample, with relatively high rates of being ignored. Regression analysis found that lower rates of peer victimization and more activities in which parents perceived that the amount of time was meeting their youth’s needs was associated with higher psychological quality of life and lower likelihood that parents felt their son/daughter was depressed.

Conclusion
Though youth with autism and low IQ are often excluded from interventions aimed at improving social experiences, these findings suggest that promoting positive social experiences and ameliorating negative ones might be an avenue to improving psychological health in this group.