bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality-of-Life Impact of Primary Treatments for Localized Prostate Cancer in Patients Without Hormonal Treatment
Authors: Pardo Yolanda , Guedea Ferran , Aguiló Ferrán , Fernández Pablo , Macías Víctor , Mariño Alfonso , Hervás Asunción , Herruzo Ismael , Ortiz María José , Ponce de León Javier , Craven-Bratle Jordi , Suárez José Francisco , Boladeras Ana , Pont Àngels , Ayala Adriana , Sancho Gemma , Martínez Evelyn , Alonso Jordi , Ferrer Montserrat 
Published: October 2010

Purpose Earlier studies evaluating the effect on quality of life (QoL) of localized prostate cancer interventions included patients receiving adjuvant hormone therapy, which could have affected their outcomes. Our objective was to compare the QoL impact of the three most common primary treatments on patients who were not receiving adjuvant hormonal treatment. Patients and Methods This was a prospective study of 435 patients treated with radical prostatectomy, external-beam radiotherapy, or brachytherapy. QoL was assessed before and after treatment with the Short Form-36 and the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite. Differences between groups were tested by analysis of variance. Distribution of outcome at 3 years was examined by stratifying according to baseline status. Generalized estimating equation models were constructed to assess the effect of treatment over time. Results Compared with the brachytherapy group, the prostatectomy group showed greater deterioration on urinary incontinence and sexual scores but better urinary irritative-obstructive results (−18.22, −13.19, and +6.38, respectively, at 3 years; P < .001). In patients with urinary irritative-obstructive symptoms at baseline, improvement was observed in 64% of those treated with nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy. Higher bowel worsening (−2.87, P = .04) was observed in the external radiotherapy group, with 20% of patients reporting bowel symptoms. Conclusion Radical prostatectomy caused urinary incontinence and sexual dysfunction but improved pre-existing urinary irritative-obstructive symptoms. External radiotherapy and brachytherapy caused urinary irritative-obstructive adverse effects and some sexual dysfunction. External radiotherapy also caused bowel adverse effects. Relevant differences between treatment groups persisted for up to 3 years of follow-up, although the difference in sexual adverse effects between brachytherapy and prostatectomy tended to decline over long-term follow-up. These results provide valuable information for clinical decision making.
First-Order Wetting Transition and Line Tension of Hexadecane Lens at Air/Water Interface Assisted by Surfactant Adsorption
Authors: Matsubara Hiroki , Ikebe Yosuke , Ushijima Yasutaka , Takata Youichi , Takiue Takanori , Aratono Makoto 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
A first-order transition from partial wetting to pseudo-partial wetting of hexadecane droplets on aqueous solutions of surfactant, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, has been investigated by using interfacial tensiometry and ellipsometry. A regular solution model was applied to calculate the surface free energy of the wetting film as a function of thickness and then the connection between calculated surface free energy profiles and line tension measured at the wetting transition was discussed based on the interface displacement model. The reversal of the sign of the line tension associated with the wetting transition was confirmed from both the experiment and the interface displacement model.
A Novel and Green Method for the Synthesis of Ionic Liquids Using the Corresponding Acidic Ionic Liquid Precursors and Dialkyl Carbonate
Authors: Xiao Wenjun , Wang Xiaoxing , Chen Qin , Wu Tinghua , Wu Ying , Dai Lizong , Song Chunshan 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
A novel and green method for the synthesis of dialkylimidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) has been developed. It was through a one-step alkylation of dialkyl carbonate with the corresponding acidic ionic liquid precursors (AILPs) prepared from the neutralization of imidazole derivatives with acids.
Electrochemical Investigation of Dynamic Solution Structures of Bicontinuous Microemulsion at Solid Interfaces
Authors: Makita Yuichi , Uemura Shinobu , Miyanari Nagayoshi , Kotegawa Takaaki , Kawano Shintaro , Nishimi Taisei , Tominaga Masato , Nishiyama Katsuhiko , Kunitake Masashi 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Dynamic solution structure of a three-phase interface (oil/water/solid) of a bicontinuous microemulsion (BME) was evaluated electrochemically with apparent diffusion coefficients (Dapp’s) from cyclic voltammograms. With hydrophilic (ITO) and lipophilic (pyrolytic graphite) electrodes, Dapp’s were much smaller than with an amphiphilic (Au) electrode. The Dapp ratios of ITO:PG-b in the BME were larger than those in a homogeneous aqueous solution. These results indicate that BME solution structures around hydrophilic and lipophilic electrodes adopt alternately layered structures but not simple sloped structures.
A pilot study of the early implementation of the Mental Capacity Act 2005 in England and Wales: the experience of consultants in old age psychiatry
Authors: Shah Ajit , Banner Natalie , Heginbotham Chris , Fulford Bill 
Published: October 2010

Background The Mental Capacity Act 2005 (MCA) was fully implemented in October 2007 in England and Wales. Methods A pilot qualitative study using thematic analysis examined the experience of consultants in old age psychiatry in the early implementation of the MCA using a questionnaire designed to ascertain the experienced difficulties and the positive experiences of implementing the MCA, and its impact on their workload and associated changes in staffing levels. Results Fifty-two (27%) of the 196 consultants in old age psychiatry returned usable questionnaires. Eleven categories of difficulties and nine categories of positive experiences in the implementation of the MCA were reported. Two-thirds of respondents reported an increase in their workload, but over 90% reported no associated changes in staffing levels. Conclusions The factors contributing to the experienced difficulties and positive experiences in the implementation of the MCA require careful identification because strategies to lessen the difficulties and to maintain positive experiences need to be developed. The definitions of restraint and deprivation of liberty used in clinical practice and the overlap between these definitions requires careful study. The workload of clinicians in the context of implementing the MCA requires ongoing monitoring.
Side Effects of Minocycline Treatment in Patients With Fragile X Syndrome and Exploration of Outcome Measures
Authors: Utari Agustini , Chonchaiya Weerasak , Rivera Susan M. , Schneider Andrea , Hagerman Randi J. , Faradz Sultana M. H. , Ethell Iryna M. , Nguyen Danh V. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Minocycline can rescue the dendritic spine and synaptic structural abnormalities in the fragile X knock-out mouse. This is a review and preliminary survey to document side effects and potential outcome measures for minocycline use in the treatment of individuals with fragile X syndrome. We surveyed 50 patients with fragile X syndrome who received minocycline for at least 2 weeks and found that the most common reported side effect is gastrointestinal difficulty, including loss of appetite. The families reported an improvement in language and behavioral areas. Outcome measures in the design of future randomized clinical trials should include both behavioral and language measures. As with any other treatments, we emphasize that randomized clinical trials are needed to determine the efficacy of minocycline in fragile X syndrome.
Das akakianische Schisma: Liberatus, Breviarium 15-18
Authors: Brennecke Hanns Christof 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT
The analysis of Breviarium 15-18 shows the pro-chalcedonian, Western position of Liberatus. He stresses the impact of the bishop of Rome: Orthodoxy seems to mean obedience towards Rome. Liberatus expects an active role of the emperors in theological or ecclesiastical debates, so this cannot be regarded as a typically Eastern position. He reduces the theology of the debate to a couple of sentences and the Henotikon. The exact meaning of the Henotikon that is offered in a Latin version remains, however, unclear. Liberatus uses own sources that differ considerably from Ps.Zacharias Rhetor.
Liberatus' Polemik gegen die Verurteilung der drei Kapitel und seine alexandrinische Quelle. Einige Beobachtungen zu Breviarium 19-24
Authors: Gleede Benjamin 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT
The analysis of Breviarium 19-24 shows that Liberatus inserts additional informations in the material stemming from the Alexandrina source he uses. Thus he offers an excursus about John II of Rome in chapter 19 and another excursus about the Roman bishops Agapet, Silverius and Vigilius in chapters 21f. For the excursus in chapter 19 the theopaschite sentences condemned by John II of Rome seem to contain real traces of the controversy between Severus and Makedonios (pace Schwartz). The excursus in chapters 21f. is clearly dominated by a North-African, polemical point of view. This becomes clear by various comparisons with the Liber Pontificalis, Facundus or Victor of Tunnuna. Especially the influence of Theodora seems to be exaggerated by Liberatus. The final chapters 23f. can be compared especially with Procopius. Liberatus pursues his critical perspective against the bishops of Rome and he leads the controversy about Paul of Tabennisi back to Theodoros Askidas (so Justinian seems to be not responsible for this).
Africa zwischen Vandalen, Mauren und Byzantinern (533-548 n.Chr.)
Authors: Vössing Konrad 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT
The history of the Byzantine conquest of North-Africa reveals that the image of this conquest as liberation of the old Roman structures from the Vandalians was illusory. The new Byzantine administration tried to pursue this strategy, but regularly failed if it was not able to integrate the structures of the Vandalian time. Thus the restoration of the old, ante-Vandalian structures was nearly not possible. This seems to be even the case in ecclesiastical affairs, where the Byzantines tried to establish a new, prochalcedonian leadership.
Spurensuche: Beobachtungen zur Rezeption des Liberatus in der Karolingerzeit und im Hochmittelalter
Authors: Patzold Steffen 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT
The manuscript tradition of the Breviarium must be rewritten, especially because of its dependence of the transmission of Ps.Isidore. Pace Schwartz even the pieces that follow the Breviarium in the collectio Sangermanensis belong to the collection before the 9th century. The question whether the author of the collection modified not only the Codex encyclius, but even the Breviarium, cannot be solved. In the 9th century Hinkmar of Reims used a manuscript of the Breviarium that contained Prospers Liber contra collatorem, too. In the 11th century Bernold of Konstanz used the Breviarium just for showing his extraordinary erudition. Perhaps he used manuscript W, stemming from the Reichenau.
Moisture Response of Sheathing Board in Conventional and Rain-Screen Wall Systems with Shiplap Cladding
Authors: Tariku F. , Ge H. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Building enclosures are subjected to a random climatic loading on the exterior surface and a relatively stable indoor condition on the interior. These loadings result in a transport of heat, air, and moisture across the building enclosure. In this paper, the drying and wetting of sheathing board in two exterior walls, more specifically 2×6 in.2 wood-frame conventional (no strapping between sheathing membrane and cladding) and a rain-screen wall system (with vertical strapping), are investigated through an experimental field study. The experiment is carried out at British Columbia Institute of Technology field exposure test facility, where the test walls are exposed to the coastal climate (Vancouver weather) on the exterior and controlled indoor temperature and relative humidity conditions in the interior. The field experimental results indicate significant moisture accumulation on the exterior sheathing boards (plywood) during the Winter period. During the 9-month monitoring period from March 13 to Dec. 6, 2009, the plywood underwent a process of drying and wetting. In both the conventional and rain-screen wall systems, the plywood dried to a comparable moisture level during the Summer before the wetting process started. For the wall systems considered in this study, the plywood in the rain-screen wall has a tendency of faster drying and wetting in the Spring and Fall seasons, respectively, in comparison to the plywood in the conventional wall, which is attributed to the presence of an air gap in the rain-screen wall between the sheathing membrane and the cladding. A similar trend is observed during the monitoring period from December 7 to June 15, 2010.
Relative Truth Definability of Axiomatic Truth Theories
Authors: Fujimoto Kentaro 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe present paper suggests relative truth definability as a tool for comparing conceptual aspects of axiomatic theories of truth and gives an overviewof recent developments of axiomatic theories of truth in the light of it. We also show several new proof-theoretic results via relative truth definability including a complete answer to the conjecture raised by Feferman in [13].
Do Physical Activity and Aerobic Fitness Moderate the Association Between Birth Weight and Metabolic Risk in Youth?
Authors: Ridgway Charlotte L. , Brage Soren , Anderssen Sigmund A. , Sardinha Luis B. , Andersen Lars Bo , Ekelund Ulf 
Published: October 2010

OBJECTIVE
Lower birth weight has been associated with a greater risk of metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was examine whether physical activity and aerobic fitness may modify associations between birth weigh and metabolic risk.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The European Youth Heart Study is a population-based study of 9 and 15 year olds (n = 1,254). Birth weight was maternally reported. Skin fold measures were used to calculate body fat and fat mass index (FMI = fat mass [kilograms]/height2). Insulin was measured using fasting blood samples. Physical activity was measured using a hip-worn accelerometer (MTI Actigraph) for &gt;600 min/day for ≥3 days and is expressed as “average activity” (counts per minute) and time spent in above moderate intensity activity (&gt;2000 cpm). Aerobic fitness was assessed using a maximal cycle ergometry test (watts per kilogram fat-free mass).

RESULTS
Higher birth weight was associated with higher FMI (β = 0.49 [95% CI 0.21–0.80]; P = 0.001) and greater waist circumference (0.90 [0.32–1.47]; P &lt; 0.001), adjusted for sex, age-group, sexual maturity, height, and socioeconomic status. Lower birth weight was associated with higher fasting insulin only after further adjustment for adolescent waist circumference and height (−0.059 [−0.107 to −0.011]; P = 0.016). There was no evidence for any modification of the associations after adjustment for physical activity or aerobic fitness.

CONCLUSIONS
The present study did not find any evidence that physical activity or aerobic fitness can moderate the associations among higher birth weight and increased fat mass and greater waist circumference or between lower birth weight and insulin resistance in healthy children and adolescents.
Habitatbäume im Wirtschaftswald: ökologisches Potenzial und finanzielle Folgen für den Betrieb
Authors: Niedermann-Meier Sarah , Mordini Manuela , Bütler Rita , Rotach Peter 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Habitat trees are important elements to maintain forest biodiversity. An effective way to provide habitats for species depending on old growth structures may be the conservation of a certain number of habitat trees integrated in managed forests. It has been suggested to maintain at least five such habitat trees per hectare for this purpose. In order to evaluate the number of existing potential trees as well as the financial consequences for the forest owner, we sampled all trees greater than 40 centimetres at breast height on sample plots of the forest inventory in the forest of Baden, Switzerland. Based on a catalogue of important traits of old trees which are important for the survival of five groups of organisms (insects, birds, bats, lichen, fungi), we assessed the ecological value of all trees. We also estimated their economic value in terms of net wood value for each tree. Results show that the conservation of five currently existing habitat trees per hectare would cause significant financial losses for the owner, amounting to 850 Swiss francs per hectare or 170 francs per tree in our example. Moreover, ecological values of many of these trees would be rather low because there are not enough suitable trees to select from. Ecologically valuable trees most likely were removed during tending of stands. Instead of general demands like for example five trees per hectare it seems more effective to concentrate on the currently existing ecologically valuable trees only. Financial losses may need to be covered by public funding in cases where they are high. Moreover, management of habitat trees needs to be planned on a long-term basis. Conservation and promotion of a certain number of habitat trees need to be integrated in tending concepts from early developmental stages.
Facile Fabrication of Two‐Dimensionally Ordered Macroporous Silver Thin Films and Their Application in Molecular Sensing
Authors: Hong Guosong , Li Cheng , Limin Qi  
Published: October 2010

AbstractLarge‐area, freestanding, two‐dimensionally ordered macroporous (2DOM) Ag thin films with adjustable periodic spacings and good mechanical robustness were fabricated via nanosphere lithography at the solution surface (NSLSS) combined with interfacial reactions. The obtained 2DOM Ag thin films exhibited typical properties of plasmonic crystals with well‐resolved reflectivity dips and vivid colors. The facile NSLSS method enabled the 2DOM Ag thin films to be readily transferred to arbitrary substrates to realize application as thin film sensors. Their application as both a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor and a surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor in the detection of both small molecules and biological macromolecules were explored. As SERS substrates for the detection of 4‐aminothiophenol (4‐ATP) molecules, the 2DOM Ag thin films showed enhancement factors as high as the 107 order, which made them a promising sensor for the detection of trace amount of analyte adsorbed on the surface. As SPR sensors, the 2DOM Ag thin films modified with a self‐assembled monolayer of recognizing molecules as binding sites showed remarkable shift in the reflectivity dips responsive to the chemical environments. When used for the specific detection of avidin molecules, the 2DOM Ag thin film biosensors exhibited excellent performance with low detection limit (≈100 pM) and broad working range (100 pM–200 nM), indicating that they may be a promising candidate for high‐performance biosensors.
Chemical synthesis, characterization, and properties of conducting copolymers of imidazole and carbazole
Authors: Raj V. , Madheswari D. , Mubarak Ali M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractConducting copolymers of imidazole and carbazole were chemically synthesized in various molar ratios of the imidazole and carbazole by chemical oxidative polymerization in acetonitrile medium using ammonium persulphate as oxidant. The selection and composition of solvent, concentration of the monomer, polymerization time, and temperature were optimized to obtain better quality and yield of the copolymers. The synthesized conducting copolymers were characterized by various techniques such as UV–visible, Fourier transform infrared, 1H‐NMR, and X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy. The solubility of the copolymers was tested in various solvents. Their conductivity was tested at various temperatures. The thermodynamic stability of the copolymers was examined by differential scanning colorimetric and thermogravimetric analysis. The copolymers show comparatively higher conductivity, better solubility, and higher thermal stability than the homopolymer poly(carbazole) and lower than that of poly(imidazole). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Compression‐molded biocomposite boards from red and white wine grape pomaces
Authors: Jiang Yan , Simonsen John , Zhao Yanyun 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBiocomposite boards from red wine grape pomace (WGP; Pinot Noir) or white WGP (Morio Muscat) were investigated on the basis of crosslinking and thermal compression mechanisms. We used an orthogonal experimental design to optimize the formulations by examining the effects of binder type, pomace‐to‐binder (P/B) ratio, and hydrophobic and crosslinking agents on the mechanical properties, water sensitivity, and biodegradability of the board. The optimized formulations were as follows: (1) for red WGP boards, soy flour (SF) or soy protein isolate (SPI) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA; 1 : 1) as binders at a P/B ratio of 19 : 1 with 1% stearic acid (SA) and 1% epichlorohydrin and (2) for white WGP boards, SF or SPI–PVA (1 : 1) as binders, with a P/B ratio of 4 : 1, and 1% SA. The red WGP boards showed a high break strength and modulus of elasticity with a moderate percentage strain value, whereas the white WGP boards had a high flexibility and biodegradability. After burial in soil for 30 days, the red and white WGP boards degraded by about 50 and 80%, respectively. Microstructure studies indicated that the use of binders and other functional agents resulted in a compact fracture surface of the WGP biocomposite boards. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Effect of different types of filler and filler loadings on the properties of carboxylated acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber latex films
Authors: Ain Z. N. , Azura A. R. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe effects of different types of fillers and filler loadings on the properties of carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR) latex were identified. Silica, mica, carbon black (CB; N330), and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) were used as fillers with filler loadings of 10, 15, and 20 parts per hundred rubber. Furnace ashing and Fourier transform infrared analysis proved that interaction existed between the fillers and XNBR latex films. The morphology of the filled XNBR films was significantly different for different types of fillers. Mica and CaCO3 fillers showed uneven distribution within the XNBR film, whereas other fillers, such as silica and CB, showed homogeneous distribution within the films. In the observation, silica and mica fillers also illustrated some degree of agglomeration. The mechanical properties (e.g., tensile and tear strengths) showed different trends with different types of fillers used. For silica and mica fillers, the mechanical properties increased with filler loadings up to a certain loading, and decreased with higher filler loadings. For CB filler, the mechanical properties increased gradually with increasing filler loadings. CaCO3 fillers did not increase the mechanical properties. The crosslinking density of the XNBR films increased when they were incorporated with fillers because of the presence of elastomer–filler and filler–filler interactions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010