bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel IL-10–Independent Regulatory Role for B Cells in Suppressing Autoimmunity by Maintenance of Regulatory T Cells via GITR Ligand
Authors: Ray Avijit , Basu Sreemanti , Williams Calvin B. , Salzman Nita H. , Dittel Bonnie N. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
B cells are important for the regulation of autoimmune responses. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), B cells are required for spontaneous recovery in acute models. Production of IL-10 by regulatory B cells has been shown to modulate the severity EAE and other autoimmune diseases. Previously, we suggested that B cells regulated the number of CD4+Foxp3+ T regulatory cells (Treg) in the CNS during EAE. Because Treg suppress autoimmune responses, we asked whether B cells control autoimmunity by maintenance of Treg numbers. B cell deficiency achieved either genetically (μMT) or by depletion with anti-CD20 resulted in a significant reduction in the number of peripheral but not thymic Treg. Adoptive transfer of WT B cells into μMT mice restored both Treg numbers and recovery from EAE. When we investigated the mechanism whereby B cells induce the proliferation of Treg and EAE recovery, we found that glucocorticoid-induced TNF ligand, but not IL-10, expression by B cells was required. Of clinical significance is the finding that anti-CD20 depletion of B cells accelerated spontaneous EAE and colitis. Our results demonstrate that B cells play a major role in immune tolerance required for the prevention of autoimmunity by maintenance of Treg via their expression of glucocorticoid-induced TNFR ligand.
An epidemic outbreak of Vibrio Cholerae El Tor 01 serotype ogawa biotype in a Lalpur town, Jamnagar, India
Authors: Shah HD , Shah VP , Desai AN 
Published: February 2012

Background:
On December 19, 2010, 57 cases of gastroenteritis were reported in the community health center of Lalpur town. A rapid response team was sent to investigate the outbreak on December 21, 2010.

Aim:
To identify the source, to institute control and prevention measures.

Materials and Methods:
The outbreak was confirmed using the previous Integrated Integrated Disease Surveillance Project (IDSP) data. Detailed history was taken, line listing of patients and house-to-house investigations were done. Environmental investigation and laboratory investigation of stool samples were also done. As the study was conducted during emergency response to the outbreak and was designed to provide information to orient the public health response, ethical approval was not required. Remedial measures were implemented.

Results:
Three hundred and thirty cases were reported during December 19, 2010 to January 2, 2011 in Lalpur town of Jamnagar district. Nineteen patients were found to be positive for Vibrio Cholerae 01 serotype ogawa biotype out of 117 stool samples. The mean age of patients was 24.23 19.01 years. The outbreak had 1.88% attack rate with no mortality and 59.1% cases had to be admitted. Investigations revealed that the epidemic was waterborne. Ten leakages were found in the pipelines of the affected areas of Lalpur town near two riverbanks.

Conclusion:
Among identified gaps, delays in the initiation of the investigation of the epidemic and repairing of leakages were most important. In India, waterborne epidemics are usual occurrences during the year. In this scenario, the village health and sanitation committee and water board should follow guidelines, and monitoring of water sources, proper sewage disposal and sanitation measures should be undertaken.
Prophylactic use of gabapentin for prevention of succinylcholine-induced fasciculation and myalgia
Authors: Pandey CK , Tripathi M , Joshi G , Karna ST , Singh N , Singh PK 
Published: February 2012

Background:
Succinylcholine is used for rapid-sequence induction of anesthesia. Fasciculations and myalgia are adverse effects. The pretreatment modalities prevent or minimize its adverse effects.

Aims:
The present study is designed to evaluate the efficacy of gabapentin on the incidence of fasciculation and succinylcholine-induced myalgia.

Settings and Design:
The study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled manner.

Materials and Methods:
Patients of both genders undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly assigned to two groups. Patients in Group I (Gabapentin group) received 600 mg of gabapentin orally 2 h prior to surgery and patients in Group II (placebo group) received matching placebo. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 3 μg/kg, thiopentone 3-5 mg/kg and succinylcholine 1.5 mg/kg. All patients were observed and graded for fasciculations by a blinded observer and patients were intubated. Anesthesia was maintained with oxygen in air, sevoflurane and intermittent vecuronium bromide. After completion of surgery, neuromuscular blockade was reversed. A blinded observer recorded myalgia grade at 24 h. Patients were provided patient-controlled analgesia with fentanyl for postoperative pain relief.

Statistical analysis:
Demographic data, fasciculation grade, fentanyl consumption, and myalgia grade were compared using student t test and test of proportions.

Results:
The study included 76 American Society of Anesthesiologists' Grade I or II patients of either gender undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. But only 70 patients completed the study. Results demonstrated that the prophylactic use of gabapentin significantly decreases the incidence and the severity of myalgia (20/35 vs. 11/35) (P<0.05) and decreases fentanyl consumption significantly in the study group (620+164 μg vs. 989+238 μg) (P<0.05) without any effects on the incidence and severity of fasciculations.

Conclusions:
Prophylactic use of gabapentin 600 mg in laparoscopic cholecystectomy decreases the incidence and severity of myalgia and fentanyl consumption.
Adapted Group‐Based Dialectical Behaviour Therapy for Binge Eating in a Practicing Clinic: Clinical Outcomes and Attrition
Authors: Klein Angela S. , Skinner Jeremy B. , Hawley Kristin M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractResearch evidence has been accumulating for the efficacy of dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) for binge eating. However, support for its effectiveness and transportability beyond efficacy trials is lacking. The current study evaluated the feasibility of group‐based DBT for binge eating within the context of an operating community clinic. Women ages 24–49 (M = 39.60, SD = 9.53) with either subthreshold and full‐threshold binge eating disorder or bulimia nervosa formed the group and comprised the sample (n = 5 treatment completers). Positive outcomes included significant improvement in both binge eating and secondary outcomes with the Eating Disorder Inventory subscales of Bulimia, Ineffectiveness, Perfectionism and Interpersonal Distrust. Attrition was elevated compared with previous efficacy trials, suggesting the need for increased attention to how to improve retention within routine practice settings. Given our limited sample size, these findings are viewed as promising but preliminary. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Characterization of cerium oxide nanoparticles—Part 2: Nonsize measurements
Authors: Baalousha Mohammed , Ju-Nam Yon , Cole Paula A. , Hriljac Joseph A. , Jones Ian P. , Tyler Charles R. , Stone Vicki , Fernandes Teresa F. , Jepson Mark A. , Lead Jamie R. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Part 1 (see companion paper) of the present study discussed the application of a multimethod approach in characterizing the size of cerium oxide nanoparticles (NPs). However, other properties less routinely investigated, such as shape and morphology, structure, chemical composition, and surface properties, are likely to play an important role in determining the behavior, reactivity, and potential toxicity of these NPs. The present study describes the measurement of the aforementioned physicochemical properties of NPs (applied also to nanomaterials [NMs]) compared with micrometer particles (MPs). The authors use a wide range of techniques, including high resolution-transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrophoresis, and compare these techniques, their advantages, and their limitations, along with recommendations about how best to approach NM characterization, using an application to commercial cerium oxide NPs and MPs. Results show that both cerium oxide NPs and MPs are formed of single polyhedron or truncated polyhedron crystals. Cerium oxide NPs contain a mixture of Ce3+ and Ce4+ cations, whereas the MPs contain mainly Ce4+, which is potentially important in understanding the toxicity of cerium oxide NPs. The isoelectric point of cerium oxide NPs was approximately pH 8, which explains their propensity to aggregate in aqueous media (see companion paper). Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 994–1003. © 2012 SETAC
Iberian ham typification by direct infusion electrospray and photospray ionization mass spectrometry fingerprinting
Authors: González‐Dominguez R. , García‐Barrera T. , Gómez‐Ariza J.‐L. 
Published: February 2012

RATIONALEIberian ham is a product of high commercial value whose quality mainly depends on breeding and feeding of pigs in an authorized way. Simple, fast, simple, reliable and high‐throughput analytical methods are necessary to assure the quality of ham and for fraud prevention. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is proposed as an advantageous alternative over other analytical techniques commonly used in this industry for product authentication.METHODSThe analytical approach is based on direct infusion electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI(+)‐MS) of dichloromethane/methanol (60:40) extracts of ham intramuscular fat. Similarly, atmospheric pressure photoionization ionization mass spectrometry (APPI(+)‐MS) was used with a flow injection analysis system for sample introduction with methanol/water (50%) as the mobile phase and toluene as the dopant. All experiments were performed on an API QSTAR® XL Hybrid system using both ESI and APPI sources.RESULTSThe ESI(+)‐MS mass spectra present several clusters of peaks attributed to ammonium adducts [M + NH4+] of lipid compounds (mono‐, di‐ and triacylglycerols – MGs, DGs, TGs, and free fatty acids – FFAs), that can be identified by MS/MS spectra. On the other hand, the APPI(+)‐MS spectra present [M + H+] ions and reflect a higher fragmentation of the sample. Five different types of Iberian ham samples were successfully classified using partial least‐squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) of data from these samples.CONCLUSIONSThe application of direct infusion tandem mass spectrometry to dichloromethane/methanol extracts from intramuscular fat ham allows the simple, fast and reliable fingerprinting typification of different Iberian ham samples from pigs with different diets. With the proposed method, sample handling is minimal and chromatographic separation is not necessary, which represents an evident advantage over other analytical procedures usually used for this purpose. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systematic Review of Interventions for Post‐traumatic Headache
Authors: Watanabe Thomas K. , Bell Kathleen R. , Walker William C. , Schomer Katherine 
Published: February 2012

ObjectiveHeadache is one of the most common physical symptoms after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The specific goals of this review include (1) determination of effective interventions for post‐traumatic headache (PTHA), (2) development of treatment recommendations, (3) identification of gaps in the current medical literature regarding PTHA treatment, and (4) suggestions for future directions in research to improve outcome for persons with PTHA.Data SourcesPeer‐reviewed studies in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ProQuest, Web of Science, and Google Scholar: (1) including adult and child samples with mild, moderate, or severe TBI, whiplash, and postconcussion syndrome; (2) with clearly described interventions; (3) with headache treatment as a primary or secondary outcome; (4) published since 1985; and (5) written in English.Study SelectionAbstracts from 812 articles from the above searches were reviewed. All research types that studied the treatment of headache after TBI were included, and 64 of the 812 articles appeared to meet the inclusion criteria.Data ExtractionThe 64 articles were reviewed in full and data were extracted; 36 met all criteria for inclusion. The final 36 articles were rated according to the American Academy of Neurology criteria for classifying therapeutic studies.Data SynthesisNo class I studies and only one class II study for the management of PTHA were identified. One class I and one class II study for whiplash‐associated disorder with headache as an outcome were identified. Twelve studies met criteria for class III.ConclusionsNo strong evidence from clinical trials is available to direct the treatment of PTHA. Some guidelines are offered for PTHA management based on primary headache categories and treatments. It is essential that well‐designed clinical studies be conducted to inform clinicians on the management and prevention of PTHA chronicity.
Increased numbers but functional defects of CD56+CD3+ cells in lung cancer
Authors: Al Omar Suliman Y. , Marshall Ernie , Middleton Derek , Christmas Stephen E. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
CD56+ T cells were studied in samples of peripheral blood from small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients compared with healthy controls. Relative numbers of CD56+CD3+ cells were increased in NSCLC (P = 0.001) and SCLC (P = 0.002) compared with normal subjects but their ability to respond to activation by up-regulating CD25 or producing IFN-γ were both significantly impaired. Expression of the killer-immunoglobulin-like receptor CD158a was significantly lower on CD56+CD3+ cells in SCLC than controls and also in early stage compared with late stage NSCLC patients. Mean levels of CD158e were higher in NSCLC patients than controls. CD158e levels on CD56+CD3+ cells were increased in the presence of its ligand HLA-Bw4 compared with controls. Although the precise role of CD56+CD3+ cells is not clear, they appear to be functionally impaired in lung cancer, which may have implications for a reduction of direct or indirect anti-tumour responses.
Regulatory T cells form stable and long-lasting cell cluster with myeloid dendritic cells (DC)
Authors: Herman Sonja , Krenbek Dagmar , Klimas Michael , Bonelli Michael , Steiner Carl W. , Pietschmann Peter , Smolen Josef S. , Scheinecker Clemens 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) with the capacity to suppress T-cell proliferation exert various effects on T cell function. In addition, Treg have been shown to modulate the phenotype and function of antigen-presenting cells (APC) including dendritic cells (DC), B cells and monocytes/macrophages. However, the specific mechanism(s) of how Treg affect APC have not been entirely identified so far. In this study, we analyzed the interaction of human Treg and effector T cells (Teff) with peripheral blood myeloid and monocyte-derived dendritic cells in vitro. A strong tendency for cell cluster formation between Treg and DC was observed, which was dependent on the adhesion molecules ICAM-1, LFA-3 and ICAM-3. In addition, Treg were found to express higher levels of LFA-1, LFA-2, LFA-3 and ICAM-3 both before and after activation with anti-CD3 antibodies. Using in vitro live cell imaging, we were further able to show that Treg–DC cell clusters, in contrast to Teff–DC clusters, were stable and long lasting. Co-cultures of DC with Treg diminished the up-regulation of activation induced costimulatory molecule expression on DC, and further reduced the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha and stimulated the production of IL-4. In summary, our data indicate that Treg–DC cluster formation might enable Treg to modulate phenotypic and functional characteristics of DC and help to constrain Teff activation.
Developing employee expertise through structured on‐the‐job training (S‐OJT): an introduction to this training approach and the KNPC experience
Authors: Jacobs Ronald L. , Jaseem Bu‐Rahmah Mohammad 
Published: February 2012

PurposeThis paper aims to describe how structured on‐the‐job training (S‐OJT) was implemented to develop new‐hire engineers at the Kuwait National Petroleum Company.Design/methodology/approachThe paper describes a case study on the development, implementation, and evaluation results of an extensive case study in an organization.FindingsThe results show a reduction in development time and increased confidence in the skills of the new‐hire engineers, among other outcomes reported.Practical implicationsThe case study can assist other advanced training and human resource development practitioners to develop high‐skilled technical employees who may require different approaches to ensure a depth of conceptual and job‐related information.Originality/valueThe intent of the case study is to assist other advanced training and human resource development practitioners in developing high‐skilled technical employees. Such employees require different approaches to ensure a depth of conceptual and job‐related information. The case study shows how one organization addressed this issue.
Understanding and managing workplace bullying
Authors: Khan Anas , Khan Riad 
Published: February 2012

PurposeThis paper aims to outline the nature of workplace bullying and its implications for employees and the organization, and strategies to handle such unwanted behavior.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on work carried out by the authors over the past two years, plus the HR literature.FindingsThe paper argues that if workplace bullying is not managed well, then it will have serious negative implications on workers and the overall performance of the organization, thus a happy, healthy and engaged workforce will not be achievable. Strategies relating to education and training, leadership, sound processes and overall support for victims are ways in which undesirable acts in the organization could be managed.Practical implicationsThe paper draws attention to the important issue of workplace bullying and its effects on workers and the organization, and mentions the significance of managing it.Social implicationsThe paper explains how the management of any organization can be improved to generate a better working environment.Originality/valueThe paper presents the arguments in a condensed and easy‐to‐digest format.
Helping managers stimulate employee voluntary, helpful behavior
Authors: Bandura Randall P. , Lyons Paul R. 
Published: February 2012

PurposeThis paper aims to present: the concept of voluntary, helpful organizational behavior (V‐HOB); research results regarding how one subset of future business employees, accounting students, may be predisposed to such behavior; and practical training and development approaches aimed at establishing a work environment supportive of V‐HOB.Design/methodology/approachThis exploratory research involves surveying accounting majors to capture perceptions of predisposition toward V‐HOB. Survey results measure elements of V‐HOB and several task performances. The authors synthesize relevant research, providing pragmatic suggestions for management training and development.FindingsData analysis was inconclusive regarding individuals' predisposition toward V‐HOB. This exploratory research suggests that academic success may not indicate V‐HOB predisposition. Training and development may be more effective than attempting to recruit individuals predisposed toward V‐HOB.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations to this exploratory research include a small sample size of a homogeneous group, as to major, class size, university attendance. Future research could focus on V‐HOB predisposition by gender, academic discipline, and country/culture. Broader aspects of task performance including participation and absenteeism could be studied. While more research is needed, these preliminary results may indicate that predisposition toward V‐HOB can be difficult to identify.Practical implicationsThe authors provide managerial guidance regarding investment of effort into recruiting candidates having a predisposition toward V‐HOB, and for training toward nurturing an environment in which V‐HOB is more likely to thrive.Originality/valueThis paper defines and describes behaviors which support V‐HOB. A gap is bridged between academic study of such behaviors and pragmatic techniques for development of managers.
Embedding management knowledge: repertoires and reservoirs
Authors: Hordern Jim 
Published: February 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to illustrate through a case study how Bernstein's discussion of horizontal discourse can be used to inform processes of management development and organizational learning in multi‐functional organizations.Design/methodology/approachThe approach taken is to reflect on a particular case of management development in which the author was instrumentally involved, using Bernstein's concepts of “repertoire”, “reservoir”, and the “circulation” and “exchange” of knowledge and strategies to further the understanding of the nature of learning and development interventions that aim to recognise, refine and disseminate tacit managerial knowledge.FindingsThe article discusses the background to internal management development interventions of this type, and briefly evaluates the outcomes of the case study against original objectives. Although much progress was made with an initial group of participants, in terms of realising and sharing tacit managerial knowledge and strategies, the organization did not take the second phase of the intervention forward.Practical implicationsThe case study develops a conceptually informed approach to internal learning and development interventions that can inform future initiatives.Originality/valueThe discussion of this case is valuable in that it illustrates how concepts from the sociology of knowledge can be used to provide new insights into internal learning and development interventions that seek to make better use of the knowledge and practice of individual employees.
Using classification to convict the Khmer Rouge
Authors: Caswell Michelle 
Published: February 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the importance of classification structures to efforts at holding perpetrators of human rights abuses accountable using one archival repository in Cambodia as a case study.Design/methodology/approachThe primary methodology of this paper is a textual analysis of the Documentation Center of Cambodia's classification scheme, as well as a conceptual analysis using the theoretical framework originally posited by Bowker and Star and further developed by Harris and Duff. These analyses were supplemented by interviews with key participants.FindingsThe Documentation Center of Cambodia's classification of Khmer Rouge records by ethnic identity has had a major impact on charging former officials of the regime with genocide in the ongoing human rights tribunal.Social implicationsAs this exploration of the DC‐Cam database shows, archival description can be used as a tool to promote accountability in societies coming to terms with difficult histories.Originality/valueThis paper expands and revises Harris and Duff's definition of liberatory description to include Spivak's concept of strategic essentialism, arguing that archivists’ classification choices have important ethical and legal consequences.