bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel anti‐idiotype antibody therapy for lipooligosaccharide‐induced experimental autoimmune neuritis: Use relevant to Guillain‐Barré syndrome
Authors: Usuki S. , Taguchi K. , Thompson S.A. , Chapman P.B. , Yu R.K. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractCampylobacteriosis is a frequent antecedent event in Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS), inducing high‐titer serum antibodies for ganglioside antigens in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Molecular mimicry between the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) component of Campylobacter jejuni and human peripheral nerve gangliosides is believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of GBS. Conventional treatment strategies for patients with GBS include plasmapheresis, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and immunosuppression, which are invasive or relatively ineffective. In this study, we used our animal model of GBS, in which Lewis rats were immunized with GD3‐like LOS isolated from C.jejuni. The animals developed anti‐GD3 ganglioside antibodies and manifested neuromuscular dysfunction. To develop novel therapeutic strategies, we treated the animals by intraperitoneal administration of an anti‐GD3 antiidiotype monoclonal antibody (BEC2) that specifically interacts with the pathogenic antibody. The treated animals had a remarkable reduction of anti‐GD3 antibody titers and improvement of motor nerve functions. The results suggest that ganglioside mimics, such as antiidiotype antibodies, may be powerful reagents for therapeutic intervention in GBS by neutralizing specific pathogenic antiganglioside antibodies. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Therapeutic potential of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by Fasudil, a Rho kinase inhibitor
Authors: Yu Jie‐Zhong , Ding Jing , Ma Cun‐Gen , Sun Chang‐Hai , Sun Yi‐Fu , Lu Chuan‐Zhen , Xiao Bao‐Guo 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe migration of aberrant inflammatory cells into the central nervous system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of demyelinating diseases potentially through the Rho/Rho‐kinase (Rock) pathway, but direct evidence from human and animal models remains inadequate. Here we further confirm that Fasudil, a selective Rock inhibitor, has therapeutic potential in a mouse model of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)‐induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The results show that Fasudil decreased the development of EAE in C57BL/6 mice. Immunohistochemistry disclosed that expression of Rock‐II in the perivascular spaces and vascular endothelial cells of spleens, spinal cords, and brains was elevated in EAE and was inhibited in the Fasudil‐treated group. T‐cell proliferation specific to MOG35–55 was markedly reduced, together with a significant down‐regulation of interleukin (IL)‐17, IL‐6, and MCP‐1. In contrast, secretion of IL‐4 was increased, and IL‐10 was slightly elevated. There were no differences in the percentages of CD4+CD25+, CD8+CD28−, and CD8+CD122+ in mononuclear cells. Histological staining disclosed a marked decrease of inflammatory cells in spinal cord and brain of Fasudil‐treated mice. These results, together with previous studies showing the inhibitory effect of Fasudil on T‐cell migration, might expand its clinical application as a new therapy for multiple sclerosis by decreasing cell migration and regulating immune balance. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Raman spectra of mirabilite, Na2SO4·10H2O and the rediscovered metastable heptahydrate, Na2SO4·7H2O
Authors: Hamilton Andrea , Menzies Robert I. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSalt crystallisation in pores is known to cause serious damage to masonry. Sodium sulphate, often regarded as one of the most damaging salts, has a rich hydrate chemistry including one rediscovered metastable hydrate and a new high pressure octahydrate plus five known polymorphs of the anhydrous phase. The difficulty in working with these hydrates lies in their strong tendency to dehydrate or to convert to the stable phase, in the case of the heptahydrate. We present Raman spectra and a table of peak wavenumbers for randomly oriented crystals of mirabilite and the metastable heptahydrate, sufficient to distinguish between these phases that have SO4ν1 values of 989.3 and 987.6 cm−1, respectively. Mirabilite has a Raman spectrum very similar to the free sulphate anion in solution, which is probably due to the mobility of oxygen atoms within the sulphate tetrahedron. The oxygen atoms in the heptahydrate sulphate groups have no partial occupancy, and predicted peak splitting is observed in the region 400–1200 cm−1. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular structure, spectroscopic (FTIR, FTIR gas phase, FT‐Raman) first‐order hyperpolarizability and HOMO–LUMO analysis of 4‐methoxy‐2‐methyl benzoic acid
Authors: Meganathan C. , Sebastian S. , Kurt M. , Lee Keun Woo , Sundaraganesan N. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractVibrational spectral analysis was carried out for 4‐methoxy‐2‐methyl benzoic acid (4M2MBA) by using Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) (solid, gas phase) and FT‐Raman spectroscopy in the range of 400–4000 and 10–3500 cm−1 respectively. The effects of molecular association through OH···O hydrogen bonding have been described by the single dimer structure. The theoretical computational density functional theory (DFT) and Hatree‐Fock (HF) method were performed at 6–311++G(d,p) levels to derive the equilibrium geometry, vibrational wavenumbers, infrared intensities and Raman scattering activities. The scaled theoretical wavenumbers were also shown to be in good agreement with experimental data. The first‐order hyperpolarizability (β0) of this novel molecular system and related properties (β, α0 and Δα) of 4M2MBA are calculated using the B3LYP/cc‐pvdz basis set, based on the finite‐field approach. A detailed interpretation of the infrared and Raman spectra of 4M2MBA is reported. The theoretical spectrograms for FT‐IR and FT‐Raman spectra of the title molecule were also constructed and compared with the experimental one. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automated analysis of lesion depth and integrated reflectivity in PS‐OCT scans of tooth demineralization
Authors: Le Michael H. , Darling Cynthia L. , Fried Daniel 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSeveral studies have demonstrated that polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS‐OCT) can be used to nondestructively measure the severity of subsurface demineralization in enamel and dentin, track lesion progression over time and measure remineralization. The purpose of this study was to develop methods for the automated assessment of the depth and severity of demineralization in PS‐OCT scans.Materials and MethodsSubsurface caries‐like lesions of increasing depth and severity were produced in adjoining windows on 10 bovine enamel samples via exposure to demineralization for periods of 1–4 days. PS‐OCT scans were acquired for each sample and analyzed using various methods to calculate the lesion depth and severity. Edge detection algorithms were most successful for measurement of the lesion depth for improved assessment of lesion severity.ResultsEdge‐finding algorithms were able to detect significant differences (P<0.05) in the lesion depth and severity between each of the periods of demineralization and sound enamel. The lesion depth and mineral loss were also measured with polarized light microscopy and transverse microradiography after sectioning the teeth for comparison.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that the depth and severity of early lesions can be calculated automatically for rapid analysis of PS‐OCT images. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:62–68, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Autofluorescence and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and spectral imaging for breast surgical margin analysis
Authors: Keller Matthew D. , Majumder Shovan K. , Kelley Mark C. , Meszoely Ingrid M. , Boulos Fouad I. , Olivares Graciela M. , Mahadevan‐Jansen Anita 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveMost women with early stage breast cancer have the option of breast conserving therapy, which involves a partial mastectomy for removal of the primary tumor, usually followed by radiotherapy. The presence of tumor at or near the margin is strongly correlated with the risk of local tumor recurrence, so there is a need for a non‐invasive, real‐time tool to evaluate margin status. This study examined the use of autofluorescence and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and spectral imaging to evaluate margin status intraoperatively.Materials and MethodsSpectral measurements were taken from the surface of the tissue mass immediately following removal during partial mastectomies and/or from tissues immediately after sectioning by surgical pathology. A total of 145 normal spectra were obtained from 28 patients, and 34 tumor spectra were obtained from 12 patients.ResultsAfter correlation with histopathology, a multivariate statistical algorithm classified the spectra as normal (negative margins) or tumor (positive margins) with 85% sensitivity and 96% specificity. A separate algorithm achieved 100% classification between neo‐adjuvant chemotherapy‐treated tissues and non‐treated tissues. Fluorescence and reflectance‐based spectral images were able to demarcate a calcified lesion on the surface of a resected specimen as well.ConclusionFluorescence and reflectance spectroscopy could be a valuable tool for examining the superficial margin status of excised breast tumor specimens, particularly in the form of spectral imaging to examine entire margins in a single acquisition. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:15–23, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo characterization of human pigmented lesions by degree of linear polarization image maps using incident linearly polarized light
Authors: Kim Jihoon , John Raheel , Wu Paul J. , Martini Mary C. , Walsh Joseph T. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveMelanoma is the most serious form of skin cancer and often appears as an evolving multicolored skin growth. It is well documented that pre‐existing atypical or dysplastic nevi can evolve into a melanoma. The development of an in vivo imaging system to characterize benign and malignant nevi has been emphasized to aid in early detection of melanoma. The goal of this study is to utilize a novel Stokes polarimetry imaging (SPI) system for the characterization of pigmented lesions, and to evaluate the SPI system in comparison to dermoscopy and histology images.Study Design/Materials and MethodsLinearly polarized light with varying incident polarization angles (IPA) illuminated various types of pigmented lesions. The melanocytic nesting patterns of pigmented lesions were characterized by constructing the degree‐of‐linear‐polarization (DOLP) image map with comparison to dermoscopy and histology. The incident polarized light was filtered by visible filters for spectral imaging and incident deeply penetrating red light was used to correlate the SPI image with histopathological examination.ResultsThe DOLP images with varying IPA at different visible wavelengths were used to characterize various kinds of pigmented lesions by showing subsurface melanocytic nesting distribution as well as morphological information with better resolution and contrast. In correlation with dermoscopy and histology, various defining features such as compound, junctional, lentiginous, reticular, globular patterns of melanocytic nests were identified.ConclusionWhen imaging pigmented melanocytic lesions, the SPI system with varying IPA at the red light wavelength can better define the melanocytic nesting patterns in both the dermal epidermal junction and the dermis. The SPI system has the potential to be an effective in vivo method of detecting pre‐malignant nevi and melanoma. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:76–85, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigation into the optimum beam shape and fluence for selective ablation of dental calculus at λ = 400 nm
Authors: Schoenly Joshua E. , Seka Wolf , Rechmann Peter 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesA frequency‐doubled Ti:sapphire laser is shown to selectively ablate dental calculus. The optimal transverse shape of the laser beam, including its variability under water‐cooling, is determined for selective ablation of dental calculus.Study Design/Materials and MethodsIntensity profiles under various water‐cooling conditions were optically observed. The 400‐nm laser was coupled into a multimode optical fiber using an f = 2.5‐cm lens and light‐shaping diffuser. Water‐cooling was supplied coaxially around the fiber. Five human tooth samples (four with calculus and one pristine) were irradiated perpendicular to the tooth surface while the tooth was moved back and forth at 0.3 mm/second, varying between 20 and 180 iterations. The teeth were imaged before and after irradiation using light microscopy with a flashing blue light‐emitting diode (LED). An environmental scanning electron microscope imaged each tooth after irradiation.ResultsHigh‐order super‐Gaussian intensity profiles are observed at the output of a fiber coiled around a 4‐in. diameter drum. Super‐Gaussian beams have a more‐homogenous fluence distribution than Gaussian beams and have a higher energy efficiency for selective ablation. Coaxial water‐cooling does not noticeably distort the intensity distribution within 1 mm from the optical fiber. In contrast, lasers focused to a Gaussian cross section (≤50‐µm diameter) without fiber propagation and cooled by a water spray are heavily distorted and may lead to variable ablation. Calculus is preferentially ablated at high fluences (≥2 J/cm2); below this fluence, stalling occurs because of photo‐bleaching of the calculus. Healthy dental hard tissue is not removed at fluences ≤3 J/cm2.ConclusionSupplying laser light to a tooth using an optical fiber with coaxial water‐cooling is determined to be the most appropriate method when selectively removing calculus with a frequency‐doubled Ti:sapphire laser. Fluences over 2 J/cm2 are required to remove calculus efficiently since photo‐bleaching stalls calculus removal below that value. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:51–61, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photodynamic therapy for methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in a mouse skin abrasion model
Authors: Dai Tianhong , Tegos George P. , Zhiyentayev Timur , Mylonakis Eleftherios , Hamblin Michael R. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveMethicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) skin infections are now known to be a common and important problem in the Unites States. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of MRSA infection in skin abrasion wounds using a mouse model.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA mouse model of skin abrasion wound infected with MRSA was developed. Bioluminescent strain of MRSA, a derivative of ATCC 33591, was used to allow the real‐time monitoring of the extent of infection in mouse wounds. PDT was performed with the combination of a polyethylenimine (PEI)–ce6 photosensitizer (PS) and non‐coherent red light. In vivo fluorescence imaging was carried out to evaluate the effect of photobleaching of PS during PDT.ResultsIn vivo fluorescence imaging of conjugate PEI–ce6 applied in mice indicated the photobleaching effect of the PS during PDT. PDT induced on average 2.7 log10 of inactivation of MRSA as judged by loss of bioluminescence in mouse skin abrasion wounds and accelerated the wound healing on average by 8.6 days in comparison to the untreated infected wounds. Photobleaching of PS in the wound was overcome by adding the PS solution in aliquots.ConclusionPDT may represent an alternative approach for the treatment of MRSA skin infections. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:38–44, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polyaspartic acid as a green corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel
Authors: Cui R. , Gu N. , Li C. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe inhibitor effect of the environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor polyaspartic acid (PASP) on the corrosion of carbon steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 was investigated by weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Polarization curve results clearly reveal the fact that PASP is a good anode‐type inhibitor. EIS results confirm its corrosion inhibition ability. The inhibition efficiency increases with increasing PASP concentration, and the maximum inhibition efficiency was 80.33% at 10 °C. SEM reveals that a protective film forms on the surface of the inhibited sample. The adsorption of this inhibitor is found to follow the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. A mechanism is proposed to explain the inhibitory action of the corrosion inhibitor.
Glycoprotein analysis using protein microarrays and mass spectrometry
Authors: Patwa Tasneem , Li Chen , Simeone Diane M. , Lubman David M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractProtein glycosylation plays an important role in a multitude of biological processes such as cell–cell recognition, growth, differentiation, and cell death. It has been shown that specific glycosylation changes are key in disease progression and can have diagnostic value for a variety of disease types such as cancer and inflammation. The complexity of carbohydrate structures and their derivatives makes their study a real challenge. Improving the isolation, separation, and characterization of carbohydrates and their glycoproteins is a subject of increasing scientific interest. With the development of new stationary phases and molecules that have affinity properties for glycoproteins, the isolation and separation of these compounds have advanced significantly. In addition to detection with mass spectrometry, the microarray platform has become an essential tool to characterize glycan structure and to study glycosylation‐related biological interactions, by using probes as a means to interrogate the spotted or captured glycosylated molecules on the arrays. Furthermore, the high‐throughput and reproducible nature of microarray platforms have been highlighted by its extensive applications in the field of biomarker validation, where a large number of samples must be analyzed multiple times. This review covers a brief survey of the other experimental methodologies that are currently being developed and used to study glycosylation and emphasizes methodologies that involve the use of microarray platforms. This review describes recent advances in several options of microarray platforms used in glycoprotein analysis, including glycoprotein arrays, glycan arrays, lectin arrays, and antibody/lectin arrays. The translational use of these arrays in applications related to characterization of cells and biomarker discovery is also included. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 29:830–844, 2010
Genitourinary dysfunction in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Sakakibara Ryuji , Uchiyama Tomoyuki , Yamanishi Tomonori , Kishi Masahiko 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBladder dysfunction (urinary urgency/frequency) and sexual dysfunction (erectile dysfunction) are common nonmotor disorders in Parkinson's disease (PD). In contrast to motor disorders, genitourinary autonomic dysfunctions are often nonresponsive to levodopa treatment. The brain pathology causing the bladder dysfunction (appearance of overactivity) involves an altered dopamine‐basal ganglia circuit, which normally suppresses the micturition reflex. By contrast, hypothalamic dysfunction is mostly responsible for the sexual dysfunction (decrease in libido and erection) in PD, via altered dopamine‐oxytocin pathways, which normally promote libido and erection. The pathophysiology of the genitourinary dysfunction in PD differs from that in multiple system atrophy; therefore, it might aid in differential diagnosis. Anticholinergic agents are used to treat bladder dysfunction in PD, although these drugs should be used with caution particularly in elderly patients who have cognitive decline. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors are used to treat sexual dysfunction in PD. These treatments might be beneficial in maximizing the patients' quality of life. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
The effect of peripheral enzyme inhibitors on levodopa concentrations in blood and CSF
Authors: Nord Maria , Zsigmond Peter , Kullman Anita , Årstrand Kerstin , Dizdar Nil 
Published: January 2010

AbstractLevodopa combined with a dopa‐decarboxylase inhibitor, such as carbidopa, shifts the metabolism to the COMT pathway. Adding the peripheral acting COMT inhibitor entacapone provides improvement for patients with PD suffering from motor fluctuations. We studied the effects of the enzyme inhibitors entacapone and carbidopa on the levodopa concentrations in CSF and in blood. Five PD patients with wearing‐off underwent lumbar drainage and intravenous microdialysis. Samples were taken 12 h daily for 3 days. Day 1; intravenous levodopa was given, day 2; additional oral entacapone 200 mg tid, day 3; additional oral entacapone 200 mg tid and carbidopa 25 mg bid. Levodopa in CSF and in dialysates was analysed. The AUC for levodopa increased both in blood and CSF when additional entacapone was given alone and in combination with carbidopa. The Cmax of levodopa in both CSF and blood increased significantly. Additional entacapone to levodopa therapy gives an increase of Cmax in CSF and in blood. The increase is more evident when entacapone is combined with carbidopa. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Rhythmic pupillary oscillation in Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease associated with the Glu/Lys mutation of prion protein codon 200
Authors: Nagasaka Kaori , Ohta Emiko , Nagasaka Takamura , Togashi Shinji , Miwa Michiaki , Nakamura Yuki , Shindo Kazumasa , Shiozawa Zenji 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe report two Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (CJD) patients with rhythmic pupillary and palpebral oscillation who had a mutation of prion protein codon 200 that resulted in the substitution of lysine for glutamate (Glu/Lys). Alternating dilation and constriction of the pupils combined with elevation and descent of the eyelids occurred in correspondence with periodic sharp wave complexes (PSWCs) on the electroencephalogram and with myoclonus of the head, face, and extremities. The onset of pupillary dilation and palpebral elevation coincided with the PSWCs. Initiation of these rhythmic pupillary and palpebral movements may depend on sympathetic activity, but the site of the generator is unclear. Such rhythmic pupillary and palpebral oscillation may be a feature of rapidly progressive CJD with predominant right hemispheric involvement. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society