bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing Group‐Deliberative Virtues
Authors: AIKIN SCOTT F. , CLANTON J. CALEB 
Published: June 2010

abstractIn this paper, the authors argue for two main claims: first, that the epistemic results of group deliberation can be superior to those of individual inquiry; and, second, that successful deliberative groups depend on individuals exhibiting deliberative virtues. The development of these group‐deliberative virtues, the authors argue, is important not only for epistemic purposes but political purposes, as democracies require the virtuous deliberation of their citizens. Deliberative virtues contribute to the deliberative synergy of the group, not only in terms of improving the quality of the group's present decisions, but also improving the background conditions for continued group deliberation. The authors sketch a preliminary schedule of these group‐deliberative virtues modelled on Aristotle's conception of virtue as the mean between two extreme vices. The virtues discussed in this article include deliberative wit, friendliness, empathy, charity, temperance, courage, sincerity, and humility.
Cerebral palsy and assisted reproductive technologies: a case–control study
Authors: REID SUSAN M , JAQUES ALICE M , SUSANTO CYNTHIA , BREHENY SUSAN , REDDIHOUGH DINAH S , HALLIDAY JANE 
Published: June 2010

Aim  To determine whether assisted reproductive technologies (ART) were more likely to be the method of conception in singletons with cerebral palsy (CP) than in those without CP.Method  Singletons with CP born between 1991 and 2004 were selected from the Victorian Cerebral Palsy Register and matched for birth year to two singletons randomly selected from the Victorian Perinatal Data Collection Unit. Data from both sources were linked to records from three ART centres. Conditional logistic regression was used to assess the association between CP and aspects of conception using ART. Multivariate models were adjusted for parity, previous miscarriages, sex, gestational age, birthweight, and weight for gestational age.Results  We identified 1241 singletons with CP (males n=721 [58%], females n=420 [42/100]; motor type: spastic [87%; unilateral 37%; bilateral 63%], ataxic n=60 [5/100], dyskinetic n=46 [4/100], hypotonic n=29 [2/100], unknown n=25 [2/100]. Gross Motor Function Classification System levels were I n=363 [29/100], II n=297 [24/100], III n=137 [11/100], IV n=160 [13/100], V n=192 [15/100], and unknown n=92 [7/100]). Sixteen (1.3/100) of the children with CP and 25 (1.0/100) of 2482 children without CP were conceived using ART. There was no significant increase in the odds of children with CP being conceived using ART (adjusted odds ratio 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63, 2.24) nor in the odds of them being conceived by a subfertile couple without ART (adjusted odds ratio 2.7, 95% CI 0.87, 8.36).Interpretation  Singleton conception using ART is not strongly associated with an increased risk of CP.
Epicureanism and the poetics of consumption
Authors: Wood Dawn 
Published: June 2010

AbstractConsumption, ‘to use up, to destroy’, is a dirty word. It conjures piles of rubbish; it suggests an extravagant attitude. We, each one of us hoping to be a unique, careful individual, can feel offended at being referred to as ‘the consumer’. Yet, ‘to consume’ is not only a human activity, it is one of the fundamental processes of nature, a natural aspect of the creative process. In this paper, I will emphasize connections between the creative research process, poetics and consumerism. I suggest that research can be envisioned as a cycle of consumption and renewal. Our tools in such a natural philosophy are the contemplation of natural events, and the insights that a poetic understanding of language can give us. To this end, I draw on the ancient Epicurean philosophy, as demonstrated in De rerum natura, written by the Roman poet, Lucretius, in the first century BCE. Lucretius gave a scientific explanation of the universe, in poetry, to demonstrate that natural laws can be derived by reason, contemplation and by the use of the senses. Further, Lucretius' use of language, as a creative medium, modelled the actions of the universe. This insight provides a link between poetry, science and research, one which is still relevant to twenty‐first‐century scientific research generally. In this paper, I will suggest that it is also specifically relevant to the design and practice of consumer research.For instance, both research and creativity are aspects of that urge to move beyond subjectivity, towards knowledge that is whole and shared. In Epicureanism, subjective engagement provides access to that which is universal. We can conceive of consumerism, and of consumer research, in the same terms, as a striving for completion, and as a poetic, natural and reciprocal act, involving the transformation of the consumer, and that which is consumed.
Netnographic inquiry and new translocal sites of the social
Authors: Rokka Joonas 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAs consumers' lives are increasingly gliding into online worlds and global information networks, researchers face a range of important methodological questions particular to the digital times. In prior research, online ethnographic methods or netnography has been suggested to address some of these challenges, especially when new forms of post‐modern and sub‐cultural consumer collectives and cultures have been the focus. Extending this work further, the article investigates the transnational nature of online cultural phenomena, and suggests a theoretical–methodological approach as a netnographic variant well suited for accessing its logics. In doing so, the article argues that a better understanding of the new ‘translocal sites’, such as transnational online communities and consumer networks, can open up new avenues for research on the ever globalizing and tribalizing consumer culture.
Quest for the eco‐apparel market: a study of mothers' willingness to purchase organic cotton clothing for their children
Authors: Gam Hae Jin , Cao Huantian , Farr Cheryl , Kang Mihyun 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine what consumer characteristics are related to willingness to purchase and selection of children's organic cotton clothing (OCC). A survey was conducted on mothers of pre‐schoolers to collect data on mothers' environmental characteristics, involvement with OCC and children's clothing, children's clothing purchasing behaviour and willingness to purchase OCC. A buying scenario experiment was used to examine whether price and other product characteristics influenced the participants' selection of OCC. It was found that a mother's environmental concerns, environmental purchasing behaviour and recycling behaviour significantly affected their involvement in OCC, which further significantly determined mother's willingness to purchase OCC. However, mothers were not willing to pay a premium for purchasing children's OCC. A majority (59.5%) of the mothers who selected OCC in the buying scenario indicated fabric softness was the main reason for their selection. Preparing environmental education materials for consumers and producing OCC with high quality and good performance would help improve the acceptance of OCC in the market.
F 15845, a new blocker of the persistent sodium current prevents consequences of hypoxia in rat femoral artery
Authors: Bocquet A , Sablayrolles S , Vacher B , Le Grand B 
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The persistent sodium current is involved in myocardial ischaemia and is selectively inhibited by the newly described 3‐(R)‐[3‐(2‐methoxyphenylthio‐2‐(S)‐methylpropyl]amino‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐1,5‐benzoxathiepine bromhydrate (F 15845). Here, we describe the pharmacological profile of F 15845 against the effects of hypoxia in femoral arteries in vitro.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Isometric tension measurement of rat isolated femoral arteries was used to characterize the protective effect of F 15845 against contraction of the vessels induced by veratrine (100 µg·mL−1) or hypoxia.KEY RESULTS Rat femoral artery expressed the Nav1.5 channel isoform. When exposed to veratrine (100 µg·mL−1), vessels developed a rapid and strong contraction that was abolished by both absence of sodium and blockade of the Na+/Ca++ exchanger by KB‐R7943 (10 and 32 µmol·L−1) or treatment with F 15845. When used before veratrine exposure, the potency of F 15845 depended on the extracellular K+ concentration (IC50= 11 and 0.77 µmol·L−1 for 5 and 20 mmol·L−1 KCl, respectively), whereas its potency was unaffected by extracellular K+ concentration when given after veratrine. F 15845 did not affect either KCl (80 mmol·L−1) or phenylephrine‐induced femoral artery contraction. Moreover, endothelium disruption did not affect the protective effect of F 15845 against veratrine‐induced femoral artery contraction, suggesting a mechanism of action dependent on smooth muscle cells. Finally, F 15845 prevented in a concentration‐dependent manner rat femoral artery contraction induced by hypoxia.CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS F 15845, a selective blocker of the persistent sodium current prevented vascular contraction induced by hypoxic conditions.
5‐Lipoxygenase inhibitors induce potent anti‐proliferative and cytotoxic effects in human tumour cells independently of suppression of 5‐lipoxygenase activity
Authors: Fischer AS , Metzner J , Steinbrink SD , Ulrich S , Angioni C , Geisslinger G , Steinhilber D , Maier TJ 
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Certain 5‐lipoxygenase (5‐LO) inhibitors exhibit anti‐carcinogenic activities against 5‐LO overexpressing tumour types and cultured tumour cells. It has been proposed therefore that 5‐LO products significantly contribute to tumour cell proliferation. To date, the relationship between the inhibitory mechanisms of 5‐LO inhibitors, which vary widely, and tumour cell viability has not been evaluated. This study addresses the anti‐proliferative and cytotoxic potency of a number of 5‐LO inhibitors with different inhibitory mechanisms in 5‐LO‐positive and 5‐LO‐negative tumour cells.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Cell viability was measured by the WST‐1 assay; cell proliferation was assessed using the bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay. Cell death was analysed by annexin V staining, Western blot analysis of PARP (poly ADP‐ribose polymerase) cleavage and a cytotoxicity assay. 5‐LO product formation was quantified by a 5‐LO activity assay.KEY RESULTS The common 5‐LO inhibitors AA‐861, Rev‐5901 and MK‐886 induced cytotoxic and anti‐proliferative effects in 5‐LO‐positive Capan‐2 pancreatic cancer cells; BWA4C and CJ‐13,610 only caused anti‐proliferative effects, while zileuton failed to impair cell viability. Moreover, the concentrations of the 5‐LO inhibitors required to induce anti‐proliferation and cytotoxicity highly exceeded those for suppression of 5‐LO. Supplementation with mitogenic 5‐LO products failed to protect Capan‐2 cells from the effects of 5‐LO inhibitors. Finally, the cytotoxic and anti‐proliferative 5‐LO inhibitors also potently reduced the viability of 5‐LO‐deficient tumour cell lines (HeLa, Panc‐1 and U937).CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Certain 5‐LO inhibitors cause cytotoxic and anti‐proliferative effects independently of suppression of 5‐LO activity. Thus, the role of 5‐LO overexpression in tumour cell viability remains unclear and requires further elucidation.
Climatic influence on peatland formation and lateral expansion in sub‐arctic Fennoscandia
Authors: WECKSTRÖM JAN , SEPPÄ HEIKKI , KORHOLA ATTE 
Published: June 2010

Weckström, J., Seppä, H. & Korhola, A. 2010: Climatic influence on peatland formation and lateral expansion in sub‐arctic Fennoscandia. Boreas, Vol. 39, pp. 761–769. 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2010.00168.x. ISSN 0300‐9843.The initiation and lateral expansion patterns of five small sub‐arctic peatlands in the Fennoscandian tree‐line region were studied by 21 accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C‐dated basal‐peat samples representing three to six dates per site. The radiocarbon dates were converted to calendar years and are based on the median probability. When combined with earlier basal‐peat dates from the region, four distinctive periods can be observed in the cumulative record of the dates. The early Holocene, from c. 10 000 to 8000 cal. yr BP, was characterized by the fast initiation and rapid expansion of peatlands, whereas at 8000–4000 cal. yr BP lateral expansion was modest. The most intensive period of peatland expansion occurred at the beginning of the late Holocene at c. 4000 to 3000 cal. yr BP, after which it slowed down towards the present. All these periods are in rough agreement with the main Holocene climatic periods in the area, namely the relatively warm and moist early Holocene, the warm and dry Holocene thermal maximum (HTM) at 8000–4000 cal. yr BP, and the start of the cooler and moister trend (neoglacial cooling) from c. 4000 cal. yr BP to the present, indicating a broad‐scale climatic control on the lateral growth of sub‐arctic peatlands in Fennoscandia. In order to study the lateral expansion of peatlands and to evaluate their Holocene succession patterns, more studies based on multiple dates from the same peatland are needed.
Vascular Cryografts Offer Better Biomechanical Properties in Chronically Hemodialyzed Patients: Role of Cryograft Type, Arterial Pathway, and Diabetic Nephropathy as Matching Determinants
Authors: Zócalo Yanina , Bia Daniel , Armentano Ricardo L. , Galli Cintia , Pérez Héctor , Saldías María , Álvarez Inés , Valtuille Rodolfo , Cabrera‐Fischer Edmundo 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis study aimed to characterize the following: (i) in chronically hemodialyzed subjects (CHDSs), with and without diabetic nephropathy (DN), and in healthy subjects (non‐CHDSs) different arterial pathways stiffness to determine potential pathology‐dependent, etiology‐ and/or pathway‐dependent differences; and (ii) the biomechanical mismatch (BM) between arteries from non‐CHDSs or CHDSs (with and without DN) and arterial cryografts, venous cryografts, and synthetic prosthesis to determine arterial pathway, pathology, and/or etiology‐related differences in the substitute of election in terms of BM. Carotid–femoral and carotid–brachial pulse wave velocity (PWV) were measured in 30 non‐CHDSs and 71 CHDSs (11 with DN). In addition, PWV was measured in arterial (elastic and muscular) and venous cryografts and in expanded polytetrafluorethylene prosthesis. The arterial pathways regional differences and the subjects' arterial pathways‐substitutes BM were calculated. Arterial stiffness levels and regional differences were higher in CHDS than in non‐CHDS. Among CHDS, those with DN showed higher stiffness in the aorto–femoral pathway and larger regional differences. Cryografts showed always the least BM. Non‐CHDS and CHDS differed in the cryograft of election. In CHDS, the BM was related with the cryograft type, arterial pathway, and renal disease etiology. The BM could be minimized, selecting the most adequate cryograft type, taking into account the recipient specific characteristic (i.e., arterial pathway and renal disease etiology).
Prevalence of adverse food reactions in 130 dogs in Italy with dermatological signs: a retrospective study
Authors: Proverbio D. , Perego R. , Spada E. , Ferro E. 
Published: June 2010

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of adverse food reactions (AFRs) in dogs with dermatological signs presented to the referral dermatological clinic of the University of Milan.Methods: The medical records of dogs with dermatological signs were reviewed. Prevalence of AFRs was calculated. Owner and clinician pruritus scores were compared. Breed, sex and age predisposition were statistically tested, as was the association between AFR and selected clinical features.Results: The prevalence of AFRs in dogs with dermatological signs was 12% (16 of 130). AFR was diagnosed in 26% of dogs with allergic disease and 48% of those subjected to a dietary trial. There was a significant association between AFRs and early onset of clinical signs (<1 year) (OR=3·8; P=0·0221, 95% CI=1·27 to 11·16). There was a significant association between AFRs and both otitis externa (OR=5·9; P=0·0015, 95% CI=2 to 17·9) and perianal fistula (OR=26·1; P=0·0058, 95% CI=2·52 to 269·4), although all dogs with perianal fistulas were German shepherd dogs.ClinicalSignificance: The prevalence of AFRs in the study population was higher than most reported values. Further studies are warranted to investigate the true prevalence of AFR and its possible association with perianal fistula and other potential markers.
HPV16 E2 Is an Immediate Early Marker of Viral Infection, Preceding E7 Expression in Precursor Structures of Cervical Carcinoma
Authors: Xue Yuezhen , Bellanger Sophie , Zhang Wenying , Lim Diana , Low Jeffrey , Lunny Declan , Thierry Françoise 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The viral E2 gene product plays a crucial role in the human papillomavirus (HPV) vegetative cycle by regulating both transcription and replication of the viral genome. E2 is a transcriptional repressor of the E6 and E7 viral oncogenes for HPV types 16 and 18, which are involved in cervical cancers. Using new polyclonal antibodies against the HPV16 E2 protein, we showed that E2 is expressed at various precursor stages of cervical carcinoma by immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded clinical samples. E2 was found to be highly expressed in the nuclei and cytoplasm of cells forming the intermediate and upper layers of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). We could show that the expressions of E2 and p16INK4a (surrogate marker for oncogenic E7 expression) were exclusive in most of the cases, thus implying that E2 is not expressed together with high levels of E7. Moreover, we found that E2 is expressed in a subset of columnar cells adjacent to the CIN. We could show that expression of E2 is topologically distinct from the proliferation markers p63 and Ki67, whereas it coincides with the expression of cytokeratin K13, a marker of squamous cell differentiation. Expression of E2 also topologically coincides with episomal amplification of viral genomes in the upper layers of CIN1. These in vivo data thus validate previous assumptions of the crucial role of E2 in the early steps of HPV infection and of its negative link with expression of the viral E6 and E7 oncogenes. Cancer Res; 70(13); 5316–25. ©2010 AACR.
Low Molecular Weight Cyclin E Overexpression Shortens Mitosis, Leading to Chromosome Missegregation and Centrosome Amplification
Authors: Bagheri-Yarmand Rozita , Biernacka Anna , Hunt Kelly K. , Keyomarsi Khandan 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Overexpression of the low molecular weight isoforms (LMW-E) of cyclin E induces chromosome instability; however, the degree to which these tumor-specific forms cause genomic instability differs from that of full-length cyclin E (EL), and the underlying mechanism(s) has yet to be elucidated. Here, we show that EL and LMW-E overexpression impairs the G2-M transition differently and leads to different degrees of chromosome instability in a breast cancer model system. First, the most significant difference is that EL overexpression prolongs cell cycle arrest in prometaphase, whereas LMW-E overexpression reduces the length of mitosis and accelerates mitotic exit. Second, LMW-E–overexpressing cells are binucleated or multinucleated with amplified centrosomes, whereas EL-overexpressing cells have the normal complement of centrosomes. Third, LMW-E overexpression causes mitotic defects, chromosome missegregation during metaphase, and anaphase bridges during anaphase, most of which are not detected on EL induction. LMW-E induces additional mitotic defects in cooperation with p53 loss in both normal and tumor cells. Fourth, LMW-E–overexpressing cells fail to arrest in the presence of nocodazole. Collectively, the mitotic defects mediated by LMW-E induction led to failed cytokinesis and polyploidy, suggesting that LMW-E expression primes cells to accrue chromosomal instability by shortening the length of mitosis. Lastly, LMW-E expression in human breast cancer tissues correlates with centrosome amplification and higher nuclear grade. These results suggest that LMW-E overexpression leads to higher centrosome numbers in breast cancer, which is a prerequisite for genomic instability. Cancer Res; 70(12); 5074–84. ©2010 AACR.
Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Self-Renewal and Pluripotency of Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Wilson Kitchener D. , Sun Ning , Huang Mei , Zhang Wendy Y. , Lee Andrew S. , Li Zongjin , Wang Shan X. , Wu Joseph C. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) present a novel platform for in vitro investigation of the early embryonic cellular response to ionizing radiation. Thus far, no study has analyzed the genome-wide transcriptional response to ionizing radiation in hESCs, nor has any study assessed their ability to form teratomas, the definitive test of pluripotency. In this study, we use microarrays to analyze the global gene expression changes in hESCs after low-dose (0.4 Gy), medium-dose (2 Gy), and high-dose (4 Gy) irradiation. We identify genes and pathways at each radiation dose that are involved in cell death, p53 signaling, cell cycling, cancer, embryonic and organ development, and others. Using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, we also show that the expression of a comprehensive set of core embryonic transcription factors is not altered by radiation at any dose. Transplantation of irradiated hESCs to immune-deficient mice results in teratoma formation from hESCs irradiated at all doses, definitive proof of pluripotency. Further, using a bioluminescence imaging technique, we have found that irradiation causes hESCs to initially die after transplantation, but the surviving cells quickly recover by 2 weeks to levels similar to control. To conclude, we show that similar to somatic cells, irradiated hESCs suffer significant death and apoptosis after irradiation. However, they continue to remain pluripotent and are able to form all three embryonic germ layers. Studies such as this will help define the limits for radiation exposure for pregnant women and also radiotracer reporter probes for tracking cellular regenerative therapies. Cancer Res; 70(13); 5539–48. ©2010 AACR.
Gene Expression: Protein Interaction Systems Network Modeling Identifies Transformation-Associated Molecules and Pathways in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Bapat Sharmila A. , Krishnan Anagha , Ghanate Avinash D. , Kusumbe Anjali P. , Kalra Rajkumar S. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Multiple, dissimilar genetic defects in cancers of the same origin contribute to heterogeneity in tumor phenotypes and therapeutic responses of patients, yet the associated molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we show at the systems level that serous ovarian carcinoma is marked by the activation of interconnected modules associated with a specific gene set that was derived from three independent tumor-specific gene expression data sets. Network prediction algorithms combined with preestablished protein interaction networks and known functionalities affirmed the importance of genes associated with ovarian cancer as predictive biomarkers, besides “discovering” novel ones purely on the basis of interconnectivity, whose precise involvement remains to be investigated. Copy number alterations and aberrant epigenetic regulation were identified and validated as significant influences on gene expression. More importantly, three functional modules centering on c-Myc activation, altered retinoblastoma signaling, and p53/cell cycle/DNA damage repair pathways have been identified for their involvement in transformation-associated events. Further studies will assign significance to and aid the design of a panel of specific markers predictive of individual- and tumor-specific pathways. In the parlance of this emerging field, such networks of gene-hub interactions may define personalized therapeutic decisions. Cancer Res; 70(12); 4809–19. ©2010 AACR.