bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disengagement coping as a mediator between trauma‐related guilt and PTSD severity
Authors: Held Philip , Owens Gina P. , Schumm Jeremiah A. , Chard Kathleen M. , Hansel Joseph E. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis study examined disengagement coping as a partial mediator between trauma‐related guilt and severity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a sample of veterans (N = 175) entering residential PTSD treatment with either PTSD or subthreshold PTSD. Disengagement coping partially mediated the relationship between guilt and self‐reported PTSD severity (b = .07; 95% CI = [−.003, .13]; p = .06), but did not mediate the relationship when PTSD severity was based on clinicians' ratings. These findings bolster Street, Gibson, and Holohan's (2005) contention that higher guilt‐related cognitions are related to increases in the use of disengagement coping strategies, which can interfere with PTSD recovery. The findings support the importance of PTSD treatments that target reductions in guilt‐related cognitions and disengagement coping strategies.
Conformational Properties and Energetic Analysis of Aliskiren in Solution and Receptor Site
Authors: Politi Aggeliki , Leonis Georgios , Tzoupis Haralambos , Ntountaniotis Dimitrios , Papadopoulos Manthos G. , Grdadolnik Simona Golic , Mavromoustakos Thomas 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAliskiren is the first orally active, direct renin inhibitor to be approved for the treatment of hypertension. Its structure elucidation and conformational analysis were explored using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, as well as random search and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. For the first time, MD calculations have also been performed for aliskiren at the receptor site, in order to reveal its molecular basis of action. It is suggested that aliskiren binds in an extended conformation and is involved in several stabilizing hydrogen bonding interactions with binding cavity (Asp32/255, Gly34) and other binding‐cavity (Arg74, Ser76, Tyr14) residues. Of paramount importance is the finding of a loop consisting of residues around Ser76 that determines the entrapping of aliskiren into the active site of renin. The details of this mechanism will be the subject of a subsequent study. Additionally molecular mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann surface area (MM–PBSA) free energy calculations for the aliskiren‐renin complex provided insight into the binding mode of aliskiren by identifying van der Waals and nonpolar contribution to solvation as the main components of favorable binding interactions.
T‐one insensitive steady state imaging: A framework for purely T2‐weighted TrueFISP
Authors: Schmitt Peter , Jakob Peter M. , Kotas Markus , Flentje Michael , Haase Axel , Griswold Mark A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA new conceptual framework called T‐one insensitive steady state imaging is proposed for fast generation of MR images with pure T2 contrast. This is accomplished by imaging between nonequally spaced inversion pulses, with the magnetization vector alternatively residing in states parallel and antiparallel to B0 for durations TPi and TAi, respectively. With TPi and TAi adequately chosen, identical signal time evolution can be obtained for different T1 values, i.e., T1 contrast can efficiently be removed from resultant images. As a specific realization of this principle, T‐one insensitive steady state imaging sequences are presented which use True free induction steady precession readout blocks between the inversion pulses. While the conventional True free induction steady precession signal time course would be determined by both T2 and T1, a pure T2 dependence is realized with successfully suppressed influence of longitudinal relaxation, and images with essentially T2 contrast alone are obtained. Analytical expressions are provided for the description of the ideal signal behavior, which help in creating pathways for sequence parameter optimization. The performance of the technique is analyzed with Bloch equation simulations. In vivo results obtained in healthy volunteers and brain tumor patients are presented. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
SAR‐reduced spin‐echo‐based Bloch–Siegert B1+ mapping: BS‐SE‐BURST
Authors: Basse‐Lüsebrink Thomas Christian , Kampf Thomas , Fischer André , Sturm Volker Jörg Friedrich , Neumann Daniel , Köstler Herbert , Hahn Dietbert , Stoll Guido , Jakob Peter Michael 
Published: December 2011

AbstractFast and accurate B1+ mapping is possible using phase‐based Bloch–Siegert (BS) methods. Importantly, the off‐resonant pulses needed for BS B1+ mapping methods can easily be implemented in multiple MR sequences. BS‐based B1+ mapping has thus been introduced for gradient echo (BS‐FLASH), spin‐echo (BS‐SE), and Carr, Purcell, Meiboom, Gill (CPMG)‐based multi‐SE and turbo‐SE sequences. When using SE and multi‐SE/turbo‐SE‐based BS sequences, however, the high intrinsic specific absorption rates must be considered in clinical situations. This study introduces a fast BS B1+ mapping method based on a SE‐BURST sequence (BS‐SE‐BURST). With SE‐BURST sequences, multiple low‐magnitude excitation pulses are applied prior to the refocusing pulse. Thus, multiple and different phase‐encoded echoes can be acquired per excitation cycle. Compared with a SE sequence, this excitation strategy results in a similar signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) per unit time but with reduced specific absorption rate. The proposed BS‐SE‐BURST sequence was implemented on a conventional 3 T whole body MRI scanner and applied successfully. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polymerized ionic liquids with guanidinium cations as host for gel polymer electrolytes in lithium metal batteries
Authors: Li Mingtao , Yang Li , Fang Shaohua , Dong Siming , Hirano Shin‐ichi , Tachibana Kazuhiro 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPolymerized ionic liquids (PILs) having guanidinium cations with different counter‐anions, such as PF6− and N(CF3SO2)2− (TFSI−), were synthesized by copolymerization of a guanidinium ionic liquid monomer with methyl acrylate followed by an anion exchange reaction. Furthermore, incorporating a guanidinium ionic liquid, LiTFSI salt and nano‐size SiO2, a quaternary gel polymer electrolyte based on one of the PILs as the polymer host was prepared. The quaternary gel polymer electrolyte was chemically stable even at a higher temperature of 80 °C in contact with the lithium anode. In particular, the electrolyte exhibited high lithium ion conductivity, wide electrochemical stability window and good lithium stripping/plating performance. Li/LiFePO4 batteries with the quaternary gel polymer electrolyte at 80 °C had capacities of 140 and 130 mA h g−1 respectively at 0.1 and 0.2 C current rates. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Catalyst‐free growth of InN nanorods by metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Kim Min Hwa , Moon Dae Young , Park Jinsub , Nanishi Yasushi , Yi Gyu‐Chul , Yoon Euijoon 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe demonstrated the growth of catalyst‐free InN nanostructures including nanorods on (0001) Al2O3 substrates using metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition. As the growth time increased, growth rate along c‐direction increased superlinearly with decreasing c‐plane area fractions and increasing side wall areas. It was also found that desorption from the sidewalls of InN nanostructures during the InN nanorods formation was one of essential key parameters of the growth mechanism. We propose a growth model to explain the InN nanostructure evolution by considering the side wall desorption and re‐deposition of indium at top c‐plane surfaces.
Connexin 43 Reverses Malignant Phenotypes of Glioma Stem Cells by Modulating E-Cadherin
Authors: Yu Shi-Cang , Xiao Hua-Liang , Jiang Xue-Feng , Wang Qing-Liang , Li Yan , Yang Xiao-Jun , Ping Yi-Fang , Duan Jiang Jie , Jiang Jian-Yong , Ye Xian-Zong , Xu Sen-Lin , Xin Yang-Hong , Yao Xiao-Hong , Chen Jian-Hong , Chu Wei-Hua , Sun Wei , Wang Bing , Wang Ji Ming , Zhang Xia , Bian Xiu-Wu 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Malfunctioned gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) has been thought associated with malignant transformation of normal cells. However, the role of GJIC-related proteins such as connexins in sustaining the malignant behavior of cancer stem cells remains unclear. In this study, we obtained tumorspheres formed by glioma stem cells (GSCs) and adherent GSCs and then examined their GJIC. All GSCs showed reduced GJIC, and differentiated glioma cells had more gap junction-like structures than GSCs. GSCs expressed very low level of connexins, Cx43 in particular, which are key components of gap junction. We observed hypermethylation in the promoter of gap junction protein α1, which encodes Cx43 in GSCs. Reconstitution of Cx43 in GSCs inhibited their capacity of self-renewal, invasiveness, and tumorigenicity via influencing E-cadherin and its coding protein, which leads to changes in the expression of Wnt/β-catenin targeting genes. Our results suggest that GSCs require the low expression of Cx43 for maintaining their malignant phenotype, and upregulation of Cx43 might be a potential strategy for treatment of malignant glioma.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Glycosylation defects underlying fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: a novel pathogenetic model
Authors: Binkhorst M. , Wortmann S. B. , Funke S. , Kozicz T. , Wevers R. A. , Morava E. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractFetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is an umbrella term used to describe the craniofacial dysmorphic features, malformations, and disturbances in growth, neurodevelopment and behavior occurring in individuals prenatally exposed to alcohol. Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) represents the severe end of this spectrum. Many pathophysiological mechanisms have hitherto been proposed to account for the disrupted growth and morphogenesis seen in FAS. These include impaired cholesterol‐modification of the Sonic hedgehog morphogen, retinoic acid deficiency, lipoperoxidative damage due to alcohol‐induced reactive oxygen species combined with reduced antioxidant defences, and malfunctioning cell adhesion molecules. In this report, we propose a completely novel concept regarding the pathogenesis of FAS. Based on our observation that transferrin isoelectric focusing (TIEF) – the most widely used screening tool for congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) – was transiently abnormal in a newborn with FAS and a confirmed maternal history of gestational alcohol abuse, we came to believe that FAS exemplifies a congenital disorder of glycosylation secondary to alcohol‐inflicted disruption of (N‐linked) protein glycosylation. Various pieces of evidence were found in the literature to substantiate this hypothesis. This observation implies, among others, that one might need to consider the possibility of maternal alcohol consumption in newborns with transient glycosylation abnormalities. We also present an integrated pathophysiological model of FAS, which incorporates all existing theories mentioned above as well as our novel concept. This model highlights the pivotal role of disrupted isoprenoid metabolism in the origination of FAS.
Analysis and Formation of trans Fatty Acids in Corn Oil During the Heating Process
Authors: Yang Meiyan , Yang Ying , Nie Shaoping , Xie Mingyong , Chen Feng 
Published: December 2011

AbstractFormation and composition of trans fatty acids (TFA) in corn oil during the frying process at different temperatures was investigated using an improved analytical gas chromatography (GC) method. At temperatures above 180 °C and heating times over 2 h there was a significantly increased TFA content, which increased further at higher temperatures. The amounts of trans C18:1 and trans C18:2 increased from 0.64 and 9.0 to 7.86 and 65.48 mg/g after heating at 260 °C for 12 h, while the total amount of TFA increased from 9.64 to 73.34 mg/g. However, the contents of linoleic acid and α‐linolenic acid under the same conditions reduced from 460.3 and 7.4 to 209.8 and 1.8 mg/g, respectively. These results show that heating can significantly induce cis to trans isomerization of unsaturated triglycerides, particularly at high temperatures.
The role of insulin resistance in the development of muscle wasting during cancer cachexia
Authors: Honors Mary A. , Kinzig Kimberly P. 
Published: December 2011

BackgroundCancer cachexia is a complex syndrome associated with multiple metabolic abnormalities. Insulin resistance is present in many cancer patients and may be one mechanism through which muscle wasting occurs.Methods and resultsThe present review examines evidence in support of a role for insulin resistance in the development of muscle wasting during cancer cachexia and identifies areas for future research. Patients suffering from cancer cachexia tend to exhibit insulin resistance and improvements in insulin resistance have the potential to improve cachexia symptoms. In addition, evidence suggests that insulin resistance may occur prior to the onset of cachexia symptoms.ConclusionsFurther investigation of the role of insulin resistance in cancer cachexia is needed. The use of translational research in this area is strongly encouraged, and has important implications for clinical research and the treatment and prevention of cancer cachexia.
Risk factors for cocaine-induced psychosis in cocaine-dependent patients
Authors: Roncero C. , Daigre C. , Gonzalvo B. , Valero S. , Castells X. , Grau-López L. , Eiroa-Orosa F.J. , Casas M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCocaine consumption can induce transient psychotic symptoms, expressed as paranoia or hallucinations. Cocaine induced psychosis (CIP) is common but not developed in all cases. This is the first European study on the relationship between CIP, consumption pattern variables and personality disorders. We evaluated 173 cocaine-dependent patients over 18 years; mostly males, whose average age was 33.6 years (SD = 7.8). Patients attending an outpatient addictions department were enrolled in the study and subsequently systematically evaluated using SCID I and SCID II interviews for comorbid disorders, a clinical interview for psychotic symptoms and EuropASI for severity of addiction. A high proportion of cocaine dependent patients reported psychotic symptoms under the influence of cocaine (53.8%), the most frequently reported being paranoid beliefs and suspiciousness (43.9%). A logistic regression analysis was performed, finding that a model consisting of amount of cocaine consumption, presence of an antisocial personality disorder and cannabis dependence history had 66.2% sensitivity 75.8% specificity predicting the presence of CIP. In our conclusions, we discuss the relevance of evaluating CIP in all cocaine dependent-patients, and particularly in those fulfilling the clinical profile derived from our results. These findings could be useful for a clinical approach to the risks of psychotic states in cocaine-dependent patients.
Bilateral simultaneous facial palsy following scrub typhus meningitis: A case report and literature review
Authors: Lin Wei‐Ru , Chen Tun‐Chieh , Lin Chun‐Yu , Lu Po‐Liang , Chen Yen‐Hsu 
Published: December 2011

AbstractScrub typhus is widely distributed across the Asia‐Pacific region, Taiwan included. The clinical manifestations and complications of scrub typhus vary and the illness ranges in severity from mild to fatal. The etiology of facial nerve palsy varies and infectious agents have been associated with this condition.Rickettsiaespecies have, however, rarely been reported as the causative agents. We report the case of a 49‐year‐old man who had fever, malaise, headache, oligouria and tea‐colored urine. Bilateral pneumonitis, acute renal failure, acalculous cholecystitis and aseptic meningitis were diagnosed after a series of examinations. The patient recovered after doxycycline treatment but he developed bilateral facial palsy during the convalescent phase, which improved after the administration of a steroid. The diagnosis of infection withOrientia tsutsugamushiwas confirmed by the Taiwan Center of Disease Control and the tests forLeptospira,Rickettsia typhiandCoxiella burnetiiwere all negative. This case indicates that scrub typhus needs to be included in the differential diagnoses of cases of bilateral and simultaneous facial nerve palsy, particularly in areas where the disease is endemic.
Binary collisions of drops of immiscible liquids
Authors: Roisman Ilia V. , Planchette Carole , Lorenceau Elise , Brenn Günter 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis experimental and theoretical study is devoted to the investigation of head-on collisions of two drops of immiscible liquids. In the experiments, pairs of drops are made to collide at well-defined kinetic and geometric conditions. The sizes and relative velocity of the colliding drops close to the point of impact are measured by means of image processing. The deformed states after the impact, their evolution with time, and their stability are studied by visualization. The theory considers the dynamics of the rim formed at the edge of a radially spreading lamella due to capillary forces at the free surfaces of the lamella and at the liquid/liquid interface. The equations of the rim formation and motion are obtained from the volume, mass and momentum balance equations which account for the inertial, viscous and capillary effects. The theory predicts the evolution of the main geometrical parameters of the liquid mass formed by the drop collision: thickness of the lamella, diameter, and size of the rim cross-section. The theoretical predictions agree well with the experimental data, although no adjustable parameters are used in the model.
A contact model for normal immersed collisions between a particle and a wall
Authors: Li Xiaobai , Hunt Melany L. , Colonius Tim 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe incompressible Navier–Stokes equations are solved numerically to predict the coupled motion of a falling particle and the surrounding fluid as the particle impacts and rebounds from a planar wall. The method is validated by comparing the numerical simulations of a settling sphere with experimental measurements of the sphere trajectory and the accompanying flow field. The normal collision process is then studied for a range of impact Stokes numbers. A contact model of the liquid–solid interaction and elastic effect is developed that incorporates the elasticity of the solids to permit the rebound trajectory to be simulated accurately. The contact model is applied when the particle is sufficiently close to the wall that it becomes difficult to resolve the thin lubrication layer. The model is calibrated with new measurements of the particle trajectories and reproduces the observed coefficient of restitution over a range of impact Stokes numbers from 1 to 1000.
Inefficient Labor or Inefficient Capital? Corporate Diversification and Productivity around the World
Authors: Mitton Todd 
Published: December 2011

AbstractI study the relation between corporate diversification and labor productivity in a sample of over 500,000 firms from 46 countries. Across the entire sample, greater diversification is associated with significantly lower labor productivity. The negative relation between diversification and labor productivity is not stronger in countries with more burdensome employment regulation, but it is significantly stronger in countries with better financial development. In addition, the negative relation is stronger in industries with high capital/labor ratios. Overall, the results suggest that the lower productivity in diversified firms is due more to the misallocation of capital than to the inefficient use of labor.
Floods and money: funding drainage and flood control in coastal Flanders from the thirteenth to the sixteenth centuries
Authors: SOENS TIM 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTFrom the High Middle Ages on, the coastal wetlands of the North Sea area have been intensively reclaimed and settled. In order to enable intensive agricultural production in these areas, a complex drainage and flood control system was gradually installed, one that demanded a permanent investment of huge amounts of capital and labour. As the maintenance of the water control system was vital for the coastal agro-system, the long-term evolution of investments is an important, yet rarely used, indicator of the economic, social and environmental fortunes of the coastlands. Based on new and very early serial data on water control funding in late medieval Flanders, this article argues that long-term fluctuations in the funding of drainage and flood control were first and foremost related to structural changes within the coastal economy, where an overall decline of investment levels ran parallel to the fourteenth-century crisis of the peasant smallholding economy in this region. Exogenous pressures on the other hand, such as storm surges, only provoked a short-term disruption of investments.
Molecular phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis of Japanese encephalitis virus in China
Authors: CHEN S. P. 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYWe elucidated the molecular epidemiology and evolution of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) strains isolated from 1949 to 2009 in China in this study. Three genotypes (I, III, V) were confirmed to be co-circulating in China in both high- and low-prevalence areas. Genotype III consisted of two clades (mainland clade and Taiwan clade). Compared to the mainland clade, genotype I and the Taiwan clade were newly introduced and evolved more rapidly. We also demonstrated that JEV strains in China, especially those in the mainland clade, were not only under purifying selection, but also probably under positive selection (aa 227 and 408 in the envelope protein).
Effect of repeated deforestation on vegetation dynamics for phosphorus‐limited tropical forests
Authors: Runyan Christiane W. , D'Odorico Paolo , Lawrence Deborah 
Published: December 2011

For some predominately phosphorus (P)‐limited ecosystems, vegetation can be sustained under steady state conditions by atmospheric P inputs. The structure of the canopy influences deposition via the ability of the canopy to trap airborne P. This dependence suggests that a positive feedback may exist, which would have important impacts on the process of forest regeneration. One source of disturbance in the tropics is shifting cultivation. Over multiple cycles, studies have shown that shifting cultivation can lead to a large net loss of soil P, with a concomitant decline in forest biomass. In this study a model was developed to assess how shifting cultivation affects vegetation and phosphorus dynamics. This model is applied as a case study to a dry tropical forest system in the Southern Yucatan that is primarily P limited and has experienced shifting cultivation over several decades. Results show that following the second cycle, recovery would only be achieved after 100 years or longer in comparison to ∼30 years after one cycle. Examining the stable states of the system suggests that two stable states exist and that state changes as brought about by repeated disturbance can cause a shift to the other “low vegetation” stable state. Thus, for predominately P‐limited ecosystems undergoing repeated disturbance, the depletion of soil P can significantly affect the long‐term ability of the forest vegetation to recover. Results from this study have widespread implications, as 400 million ha of forest are affected by shifting cultivation.