bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying behavioral links to neural dynamics of multifiber photometry recordings in a mouse social behavior network
Authors: Chen Yibo , Chien Jonathan , Dai Bing , Lin Dayu , Chen Zhe Sage 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective. Distributed hypothalamic-midbrain neural circuits help orchestrate complex behavioral responses during social interactions. Given rapid advances in optical imaging, it is a fundamental question how population-averaged neural activity measured by multi-fiber photometry (MFP) for calcium fluorescence signals correlates with social behaviors is a fundamental question. This paper aims to investigate the correspondence between MFP data and social behaviors. Approach: We propose a state-space analysis framework to characterize mouse MFP data based on dynamic latent variable models, which include a continuous-state linear dynamical system and a discrete-state hidden semi-Markov model. We validate these models on extensive MFP recordings during aggressive and mating behaviors in male-male and male-female interactions, respectively. Main results: Our results show that these models are capable of capturing both temporal behavioral structure and associated neural states, and produce interpretable latent states. Our approach is also validated in computer simulations in the presence of known ground truth. Significance: Overall, these analysis approaches provide a state-space framework to examine neural dynamics underlying social behaviors and reveals mechanistic insights into the relevant networks.
A boundary element method of bidomain modeling for predicting cellular responses to electromagnetic fields
Authors: Czerwonky David M , Aberra Aman S , Gomez Luis J 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective. Commonly used cable equation approaches for simulating the effects of electromagnetic fields on excitable cells make several simplifying assumptions that could limit their predictive power. Bidomain or ‘whole’ finite element methods have been developed to fully couple cells and electric fields for more realistic neuron modeling. Here, we introduce a novel bidomain integral equation designed for determining the full electromagnetic coupling between stimulation devices and the intracellular, membrane, and extracellular regions of neurons. Approach. Our proposed boundary element formulation offers a solution to an integral equation that connects the device, tissue inhomogeneity, and cell membrane-induced E-fields. We solve this integral equation using first-order nodal elements and an unconditionally stable Crank–Nicholson time-stepping scheme. To validate and demonstrate our approach, we simulated cylindrical Hodgkin–Huxley axons and spherical cells in multiple brain stimulation scenarios. Main Results. Comparison studies show that a boundary element approach produces accurate results for both electric and magnetic stimulation. Unlike bidomain finite element methods, the bidomain boundary element method does not require volume meshes containing features at multiple scales. As a result, modeling cells, or tightly packed populations of cells, with microscale features embedded in a macroscale head model, is simplified, and the relative placement of devices and cells can be varied without the need to generate a new mesh. Significance. Device-induced electromagnetic fields are commonly used to modulate brain activity for research and therapeutic applications. Bidomain solvers allow for the full incorporation of realistic cell geometries, device E-fields, and neuron populations. Thus, multi-cell studies of advanced neuronal mechanisms would greatly benefit from the development of fast-bidomain solvers to ensure scalability and the practical execution of neural network simulations with realistic neuron morphologies.
Nonlinear MHD modeling of soft β limits in W7-AS
Authors: Ramasamy R. , Aleynikova K. , Nikulsin N. , Hindenlang F. , Holod I. , Strumberger E. , Hoelzl M. ,   the JOREK team
Published: June 2024

Abstract
An important question for the outlook of stellarator reactors is their robustness against pressure driven modes, and the underlying mechanism behind experimentally observed soft β limits. Towards building a robust answer to these questions, simulation studies are presented using a recently derived reduced nonlinear MHD model. First, the initial model implementation is extended to capture fluid compression by including the influence of parallel flows. Linear benchmarks of a (2, 1) tearing mode in W7-AS geometry, and interchange modes in a finite β, net-zero current carrying stellarator with low magnetic shear are then used to demonstrate the modeling capabilities. Finally, a validation study is conducted on experimental reconstructions of finite β W7-AS discharges. In agreement with past experimental analysis, it is shown that (i) the MHD activity is resistive, (ii) a soft β limit is observed, when the plasma resistivity approaches the estimated experimental value, and (iii) low n MHD activity is observed at intermediate β values, particularly a nonlinearly dominant (2, 1) mode. The MHD activity is mild, explaining the soft β limit, because the plasma volume remains separated into distinct sub-volumes in which field lines are ergodically confined. For the assumed transport parameters, the enhanced perpendicular transport along stochastic magnetic field lines can be overcome with the experimental heating power. The limitations in the current modeling are described, alongside an outlook for characterizing the quasi-steady state operational limit in W7-AS and other devices in more detail in future work.
Study on the influence of gap dependent error on the cryogenic permanent magnet undulator performance
Authors: Sun Shuchen , Guo Qing , Li Xiaoyu , Lu Huihua , Li Yuhui , Sun Yajun , Zhao Shutao , Zhang Lei , Li Zhiqiang , Chen Wan , Zhang Xiangzhen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The mass production of the first stage of HEPS (High Energy
Photon Source) is approaching its final stage. 6 CPMUs (cryogenic
permanent magnet undulators) have been manufactured, with four
successfully finalizing the tuning of the magnetic field. To ensure
radiation performance, HEPS's CPMUs enforce stringent phase error
protocols. Moreover, the contraction properties at cryogenic
temperature lead to a decrease in phase error after cooling. In the
process of CPMU commissioning, a technique for forecasting the
change of magnetic errors from room to cryogenic temperature was
discovered and studied, as will be demonstrated in this paper.
On the BEM solution of convection–diffusion type equations involving variable convective coefficients
Authors: Fendoğlu Hande , Bozkaya Canan , Tezer-Sezgin Munevver 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this study, numerical solutions of the unsteady convection–diffusion type equations of variable convective coefficients are investigated by two effective techniques alternative to direct boundary element method (BEM). That is, the domain boundary element and the dual reciprocity BEMs with the fundamental solution of convection–diffusion equation are used in space to transform the governing differential equations into equivalent integral equations while a backward finite difference scheme is utilized in time discretization. The fruitfulness of these combined techniques are shown by the implementation of the techniques for some widely investigated fluid dynamics problems. In fact, the lid-driven cavity flow is solved, and precise results are attained as benchmarks for assessing the accuracy of the aforementioned methods. Further, the application of the methods is extended for the natural convection flow which is governed mainly by the convection–diffusion type equations accompanied by the velocity components as variable convective coefficients. The obtained numerical results reveal that the domain BEM which uses the fundamental solution of convection–diffusion equation captures the characteristics and physical advancement of the fluid flow quite well at various combined values of the problem physical parameters.
Observation and analysis of positive leader re-illumination in a 10 m ultra-high voltage transmission line gap under switching impulse voltages
Authors: HUANG 黄 Biao 标 , ZHOU 周 Xuan 旋 , WANG 王 She 涉 , ZHUANG 庄 Chijie 池杰 , ZENG 曾 Rong 嵘 , DENG 邓 Le 乐 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The leader propagation is one of the most important stages in long air gap discharge. The mechanism behind leader re-illumination remains unclear. In high humidity conditions (20.0–30.1 g/m³), we have conducted experiments of long sparks in a 10 m ultra-high voltage (UHV) transmission line gap under switching impulse voltages. The positive leaders predominantly propagate discontinuously, with almost no significantly continuous propagation occurring. The leader channels are intensely luminous and each elongation segment is straight, with streamers resembling the “branch type” which differs from the “diffuse type” streamers at the front of continuous propagation leaders. The distribution of the propagation velocities is highly random (3.7–18.4 cm/μs), and the average velocity (9.2 cm/μs) significantly exceeds that of continuous propagation (1.5–2.0 cm/μs). Analysis suggests that the current-velocity models suitable for continuous leader propagation do not align well with the experimental data in re-illumination mode. Based on the discharge current waveforms and optical images, it is speculated that the newly elongated leader in re-illumination mode does not evolve gradually from the stem (about 1 cm) but rather evolves overall from a thermal channel much longer than stem.
An Incongruous Pair
Authors: Ward Matthew 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Romantic writers and critics alike have long professed theories of a certain kind of privileged imagination that is tied to the sympathetic capacity of poets—one that has the power to see into all of life’s infinite variety and to yoke together apparently irreconcilable phenomena. In this chapter, we discover that such ideas, which have come to define a certain form of Romanticism, overlap with theories of the laughable professed at the time. Explanations for laughter and the creative faculties might seem an incongruous pair, but they have a lot in common in the Romantic period. To talk, as many did, of the sort of sympathy that ‘unites the most opposite extremes’, and works through ‘the remoteness of … combinations’, just as naturally implies an instinct for the comic as it does a sublime or visionary genius. Indeed, as we will see, in some cases the comical predates it.
Diagnostic accuracy of upper tract urothelial carcinoma using biopsy, urinary cytology, and nephroureterectomy specimens: A tertiary cancer center experience
Authors: Zhao Jianping , Shen Yuan , Guo Ming , Matin Surena F , Hansel Donna E , Guo Charles C 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives
We studied the diagnostic accuracy and discordance of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) by comparing biopsy and urinary cytology with matched nephroureterectomy specimens.

Methods
Sixty-nine patients with UTUC without neoadjuvant treatment were retrospectively identified who had matched biopsy and nephroureterectomy specimens. Twenty patients had concurrent upper tract cytology. H&E and cytology slides were re-reviewed. Statistical analysis was performed.

Results
Patients included 48 men and 21 women with a mean age of 69 years. A concordant grade between biopsy and surgical specimen was present in 49 (71%) patients. The mean size of biopsy specimens in the discordant group was significantly smaller than that in the concordant group. Invasion was evaluated in 48 biopsy cases that had adequate subepithelial tissue, and 33 of them were diagnosed with concordant invasion status. Mean tumor size in both tumor grade and invasion discordant groups was significantly larger than that in the concordant group. High-grade urothelial carcinoma was detected in 84% of cases using urinary cytology.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates the diagnostic challenges of UTUC on small biopsy specimens. Biopsy specimen size and tumor size are significantly associated with the diagnostic discordance. Upper tract cytology showed high diagnostic accuracy and should be complementary to the biopsy.
Multi-omic analysis tools for microbial metabolites prediction
Authors: Wu Shengbo , Zhou Haonan , Chen Danlei , Lu Yutong , Li Yanni , Qiao Jianjun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
How to resolve the metabolic dark matter of microorganisms has long been a challenging problem in discovering active molecules. Diverse omics tools have been developed to guide the discovery and characterization of various microbial metabolites, which make it gradually possible to predict the overall metabolites for individual strains. The combinations of multi-omic analysis tools effectively compensates for the shortcomings of current studies that focus only on single omics or a broad class of metabolites. In this review, we systematically update, categorize and sort out different analysis tools for microbial metabolites prediction in the last five years to appeal for the multi-omic combination on the understanding of the metabolic nature of microbes. First, we provide the general survey on different updated prediction databases, webservers, or software that based on genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, respectively. Then, we discuss the essentiality on the integration of multi-omics data to predict metabolites of different microbial strains and communities, as well as stressing the combination of other techniques, such as systems biology methods and data-driven algorithms. Finally, we identify key challenges and trends in developing multi-omic analysis tools for more comprehensive prediction on diverse microbial metabolites that contribute to human health and disease treatment.
Efficient testing of the biomarker positive and negative subgroups in a biomarker-stratified trial
Authors: Li Lang , Ivanova Anastasia 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
In many randomized placebo-controlled trials with a biomarker defined subgroup, it is believed that this subgroup has the same or higher treatment effect compared with its complement. These subgroups are often referred to as the biomarker positive and negative subgroups. Most biomarker-stratified pivotal trials are aimed at demonstrating a significant treatment effect either in the biomarker positive subgroup or in the overall population. A major shortcoming of this approach is that the treatment can be declared effective in the overall population even though it has no effect in the biomarker negative subgroup. We use the isotonic assumption about the treatment effects in the two subgroups to construct an efficient way to test for a treatment effect in both the biomarker positive and negative subgroups. A substantial reduction in the required sample size for such a trial compared with existing methods makes evaluating the treatment effect in both the biomarker positive and negative subgroups feasible in pivotal trials especially when the prevalence of the biomarker positive subgroup is less than 0.5.
The Complex Role of Child Protection Officers in Arab Society in Israel: Focus on Power, State Connections and Absence of Indigenous Knowledge
Authors: Allassad Alhuzail Nuzha , Jedwab Merav 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Arab population in Israel is an ethnic, national, Indigenous minority experiencing discrimination and inequality, especially in education, health and welfare. This population’s constant societal change is coupled with social problems such as violence, crime, unemployment and poverty. These characteristics pose many challenges to social workers, particularly those empowered by the Youth Law (Care and Supervision), 1960, known as child protection officers (CPOs). Besides the usual challenges CPOs face, additional challenges stem from the Arab population’s being a traditional, collective society with a mistaken view of the CPO’s role and also from the state’s discriminatory policy. This exploratory qualitative study, using semi-structured interviews, of thirty Arab CPOs in Israel revealed challenges related to the role and to CPOs’ representation in the Arab population, namely, as having power backed by the law and being closely linked to the national establishment and institutions. Additional challenges include the lack of community-based treatment facilities, the absence of Indigenous knowledge in training and treatment and the lack of a mechanism to protect Arab CPOs from burnout and dropout. The findings are relevant to societies with minority populations.
Polymerase Chain Reaction on Respiratory Tract Specimens of Immunocompromised Patients to Diagnose Pneumocystis Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Brown Lottie , Rautemaa-Richardson Riina , Mengoli Carlo , Alanio Alexandre , Barnes Rosemary A , Bretagne Stéphane , Chen Sharon C A , Cordonnier Catherine , Donnelly J Peter , Heinz Werner J , Jones Brian , Klingspor Lena , Loeffler Juergen , Rogers Thomas R , Rowbotham Eleanor , White P Lewis , Cruciani Mario 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
This meta-analysis examines the comparative diagnostic performance of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) on different respiratory tract samples, in both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and non-HIV populations.

Methods
A total of 55 articles met inclusion criteria, including 11 434 PCR assays on respiratory specimens from 7835 patients at risk of PCP. QUADAS-2 tool indicated low risk of bias across all studies. Using a bivariate and random-effects meta-regression analysis, the diagnostic performance of PCR against the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer–Mycoses Study Group definition of proven PCP was examined.

Results
Quantitative PCR (qPCR) on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid provided the highest pooled sensitivity of 98.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 96.8%–99.5%), adequate specificity of 89.3% (95% CI, 84.4%–92.7%), negative likelihood ratio (LR−) of 0.014, and positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of 9.19. qPCR on induced sputum provided similarly high sensitivity of 99.0% (95% CI, 94.4%–99.3%) but a reduced specificity of 81.5% (95% CI, 72.1%–88.3%), LR− of 0.024, and LR+ of 5.30. qPCR on upper respiratory tract samples provided lower sensitivity of 89.2% (95% CI, 71.0%–96.5%), high specificity of 90.5% (95% CI, 80.9%–95.5%), LR− of 0.120, and LR+ of 9.34. There was no significant difference in sensitivity and specificity of PCR according to HIV status of patients.

Conclusions
On deeper respiratory tract specimens, PCR negativity can be used to confidently exclude PCP, but PCR positivity will likely require clinical interpretation to distinguish between colonization and active infection, partially dependent on the strength of the PCR signal (indicative of fungal burden), the specimen type, and patient population tested.
Loss of Cavin-2 destabilizes phosphatase and tensin homologue and enhances Akt signalling pathway in cardiomyocytes
Authors: Maruyama Naoki , Ogata Takehiro , Kasahara Takeru , Hamaoka Tetsuro , Higuchi Yusuke , Tsuji Yumika , Tomita Shinya , Sakamoto Akira , Nakanishi Naohiko , Matoba Satoaki 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aims
Specific cavins and caveolins, known as caveola-related proteins, have been implicated in cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial injury. Cavin-2 forms complexes with other caveola-related proteins, but the role of Cavin-2 in cardiomyocytes (CMs) is poorly understood. Here, we investigated an unknown function of Cavin-2 in CMs.

Methods and results
Under cardiac stress-free conditions, systemic Cavin-2 knockout (KO) induced mild and significant CM hypertrophy. Cavin-2 KO suppressed phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) associated with Akt signalling, whereas there was no difference in Akt activity between the hearts of the wild-type and the Cavin-2 KO mice under cardiac stress-free conditions. However, after swim training, CM hypertrophy was more facilitated with enhanced phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt activity in the hearts of Cavin-2 KO mice. Cavin-2 knockdown neonatal rat CMs (NRCMs) using adenovirus expressing Cavin-2 short hairpin RNA were hypertrophied and resistant to hypoxia and H2O2-induced apoptosis. Cavin-2 knockdown increased Akt phosphorylation in NRCMs, and an Akt inhibitor inhibited Cavin-2 knockdown-induced anti-apoptotic responses in a dose-dependent manner. Cavin-2 knockdown increased phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate production and attenuated PTEN at the membrane fraction of NRCMs. Immunostaining and immunoprecipitation showed that Cavin-2 was associated with PTEN at the plasma membrane of NRCMs. A protein stability assay showed that Cavin-2 knockdown promoted PTEN destabilization in NRCMs. In an Angiotensin II (2-week continuous infusion)-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy model, CM hypertrophy and CM apoptosis were suppressed in CM-specific Cavin-2 conditional KO (Cavin-2 cKO) mice. Because Cavin-2 cKO mouse hearts showed increased Akt activity but not decreased extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity, suppression of pathological hypertrophy by Cavin-2 loss may be due to increased survival of healthy CMs.

Conclusion
Cavin-2 plays a negative regulator in the PI3K-Akt signalling in CMs through interaction with PTEN. Loss of Cavin-2 enhances Akt activity by promoting PTEN destabilization, which promotes physiological CM hypertrophy and may enhance Akt-mediated cardioprotective effects against pathological CM hypertrophy.
The Secret Intelligence Service, Passport Control and Jewish Refugees from the Third Reich, 1938–1939
Authors: Baxter Christopher 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The role of members of the British Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) in helping Jewish refugees flee Nazi persecution in the 1930s has garnered wide interest. It has been claimed that SIS officers, in their cover role as Passport Control Officers (PCOs), helped ‘save’ thousands of Jews from the Third Reich by issuing immigration visas. The focus, however, has been on individual SIS officers, rather than the collective effort of the many passport control staff involved in issuing visas. There has also been a tendency to devolve the matter into a process of producing crude balance sheets of numbers of Jews ‘saved’. This article seeks to understand how SIS came to exploit passport control work as cover for its activities and to assess the impact of the refugee crisis on SIS operations. It also aims to make sense of some of the statistics regarding visas issued by individuals such as Captain Frank Foley and Captain Thomas Kendrick, identifying some wild over-estimates. The article suggests that the humanitarian work carried out by SIS/PCO personnel should not be rendered as a competition as to who ‘saved’ the most refugees. It is important to research the subject forensically without a partisan attitude towards the personalities involved in order to uncover the truth and understand what happened.