bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison between GOES-12 Overshooting-Top Detections, WSR-88D Radar Reflectivity, and Severe Storm Reports
Authors: Dworak Richard , Bedka Kristopher , Brunner Jason , Feltz Wayne 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Studies have found that convective storms with overshooting-top (OT) signatures in weather satellite imagery are often associated with hazardous weather, such as heavy rainfall, tornadoes, damaging winds, and large hail. An objective satellite-based OT detection product has been developed using 11-μm infrared window (IRW) channel brightness temperatures (BTs) for the upcoming R series of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-R) Advanced Baseline Imager. In this study, this method is applied to GOES-12 IRW data and the OT detections are compared with radar data, severe storm reports, and severe weather warnings over the eastern United States. The goals of this study are to 1) improve forecaster understanding of satellite OT signatures relative to commonly available radar products, 2) assess OT detection product accuracy, and 3) evaluate the utility of an OT detection product for diagnosing hazardous convective storms. The coevolution of radar-derived products and satellite OT signatures indicates that an OT often corresponds with the highest radar echo top and reflectivity maximum aloft. Validation of OT detections relative to composite reflectivity indicates an algorithm false-alarm ratio of 16%, with OTs within the coldest IRW BT range (&lt;200 K) being the most accurate. A significant IRW BT minimum typically present with an OT is more often associated with heavy precipitation than a region with a spatially uniform BT. Severe weather was often associated with OT detections during the warm season (April–September) and over the southern United States. The severe weather to OT relationship increased by 15% when GOES operated in rapid-scan mode, showing the importance of high temporal resolution for observing and detecting rapidly evolving cloud-top features. Comparison of the earliest OT detection associated with a severe weather report showed that 75% of the cases occur before severe weather and that 42% of collocated severe weather reports had either an OT detected before a severe weather warning or no warning issued at all. The relationships between satellite OT signatures, severe weather, and heavy rainfall shown in this paper suggest that 1) when an OT is detected, the particular storm is likely producing heavy rainfall and/or possibly severe weather; 2) an objective OT detection product can be used to increase situational awareness and forecaster confidence that a given storm is severe; and 3) this product may be particularly useful in regions with insufficient radar coverage.
Tailoring a future overheating risk tool for existing building design practice in domestic and non-domestic sectors
Authors: Gul M , Jenkins DP , Patidar S , Banfill PFG , Menzies G , Gibson G 
Published: January 2012

The Low Carbon Futures Project, as part of the Adaptation and Resilience to Climate Change (ARCC) programme, has developed an overheating tool, based on probabilistic UK Climate Projections (UKCP09), to provide design advice for building adaptations in future. For dwellings this tool, initiated by a single simulation, relies on just hourly climate information to predict the internal temperature profile and for a non-domestic building, it includes internal activity profiles to account for lighting, equipment, metabolic gains and air change. To produce a tailored design tool, a qualitative investigation has been carried out to understand current building practices. This investigation shows that the two sectors take a significantly different approach to design, where dynamic building simulation is rare for domestic developments. The diversity of the non-domestic building stock poses different challenges and requires more detail to perform any overheating analysis, with dynamic building simulation playing a key role. The suitability of this tool, and the need to balance complexity and detail with usability and applicability, will be explored for the two sectors, with an approach for implementing this in the future proposed. Practical application: This paper compares current overheating analyses, as reported through correspondence with practitioners, with a suggested approach for a more detailed future overheating assessment using the latest climate projections. The required steps to bridge the gap between current and possible future design methods are explored for both the domestic and non-domestic sectors, with a prototype tool proposed that has been formulated with the aid of industry feedback. The described project is therefore able to translate complex building and climate science into an approach that is potentially useful for building practitioners.
The Effects of Functional Polymorphisms in the TGFβ1 Gene on Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Susceptibility
Authors: Hu Sunhong , Zhou Guojin , Zhang Lei , Jiang Huifen , Xiao Mang 
Published: January 2012

ObjectiveTransforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) promotes tumor growth and metastasis in the later stage of cancer development. In this study, we explored whether TGFβ1 polymorphisms were associated with increased risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in a Chinese population.DesignCase‐control study.SettingHospitals of the Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery.Subjects and MethodsTwo single nucleotide polymorphisms of TGFβ1 gene promoter ‐509C/T (rs1800469) and 869T/C (Leu 10 Pro, rs1800470) at exon 1 were analyzed in 522 NPC patients and 712 age‐ and sex‐matched controls in a Chinese population, using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) analysis. Functional relevance of the polymorphism was determined by biochemical assays.ResultsThe ‐509T allele carriers were associated with a significantly reduced risk of NPC as compared with the noncarriers (odds ratio [OR], 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53‐0.89 and OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.31‐0.67, respectively). Moreover, ‐509C‐containing TGFβ1 promoter drove an ~1.7‐fold increase in reporter expression, compared with the ‐509T‐containing counterpart in both CNE‐1 and CNE‐2 cell lines. The TGFβ1 ‐509 CC genotype carriers had a higher TGFβ1 mRNA level than the TGFβ1 ‐509TT genotype carriers did (P <. 01). However, no significant association was observed between the 869T/C polymorphism and risk of NPC.ConclusionThese findings indicate that the ‐509C/T polymorphism in TGFβ1 may play a vital role in mediating individual susceptibility to NPC.
Individual working lives through the lens of the capability approach: evaluation of policies and items for debate
Authors: Abbatecola Emanuela , Lefresne Florence , Verd Joan Miquel , Vero Josiane 
Published: January 2012

The aim of this concluding article is to bring together the ideas and arguments of the articles that make up this issue so as to present some conclusions and recommendations. The article emphasizes important lessons from this special issue, underlining how Europe has lost its way over recent years by imposing the market as the primary mechanism for social and economic organization. It presents some recommendations and priorities for future debates on the employment and social policy agenda. L’objectif de cet article de conclusion est de rassembler les idées et les arguments des articles qui constituent ce numéro spécial et de présenter ainsi quelques conclusions et recommandations. L’article met en lumière les leçons importantes que l’on peut tirer de ce numéro spécial, en soulignant comment l’Europe a fait fausse route au cours des dernières années en imposant le marché comme mécanisme essentiel d’organisation sociale et économique. Il présente également certaines pistes d’action et priorités pour des débats à venir sur l’agenda de l’emploi et de la politique sociale. Dieser abschließende Beitrag fasst die Ideen und Argumente der vorhergehenden Artikel zusammen und präsentiert einige Schlussfolgerungen und Empfehlungen. Der Beitrag unterstreicht wichtige Befunde dieser Themenausgabe und betont, dass Europa in den vergangenen Jahren vom richtigen Weg abgekommen ist, indem es den Markt als grundlegenden Mechanismus für die Sozial-und Wirtschaftsordnung durchgesetzt hat. Er unterbreitet ebenfalls Empfehlungen und Schwerpunkte für künftige Debatten im Bereich Beschäftigung und Sozialpolitik.
Flexible employment, poverty and the household
Authors: Lehweß-Litzmann René 
Published: January 2012

This article analyses the coincidence of employment flexibility and poverty, using micro data from the European Union Survey on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC). It is shown that – contrary to the ideal of flexicurity – workers with no employment flexibility in their trajectories are still privileged in all of the countries examined. The household and the state are discussed as important conversion factors (circumstances which influence how individuals can use their resources) and stress is laid on the analytical and political need to consider them in the present context. The household and the state co-determine the individual’s capability to offer flexible work on the market, i.e. the chance to deviate from standard employment without exposing oneself to a high risk of poverty. Cet article analyse la concomitance entre la flexibilité de l’emploi et la pauvreté en utilisant des micro-données tirées des statistiques de l’Union européenne sur les revenus et les conditions de vie (EU-SILC). Il apparaît que – contrairement à l’idéal de flexicurité – les travailleurs qui n’ont pas subi de flexibilité de l’emploi durant leur parcours professionnel restent des travailleurs privilégiés dans tous les pays étudiés. Les ménages et l’Etat sont considérés comme d’importants facteurs de conversion (c’est-à-dire des circonstances qui influencent la manière dont les gens peuvent utiliser leurs ressources) et l’accent est mis sur le besoin analytique et politique de les considérer dans leur contexte actuel. Les ménages et l’Etat codéterminent la capacité d’offrir un travail flexible sur le marché, c’est-à-dire la possibilité de s’écarter d’un emploi standard sans s’exposer à un risque élevé de pauvreté. In diesem Artikel wird auf der Datengrundlage der Statistik der Europäischen Union über Einkommen und Lebensbedingungen (EU-SILC) das gemeinsame Auftreten von Erwerbsflexibilität und Armut untersucht. Es wird gezeigt, dass nicht flexibel Beschäftigte – entgegen dem Flexicurity-Ideal – immer noch privilegiert sind, und zwar in allen untersuchten Ländern. Der Haushalt und der Staat werden als wichtige Umwandlungsfaktoren (Umstände, die beeinflussen, wie Individuen ihre Ressourcen nutzen können) diskutiert und es wird die analytische und politische Notwendigkeit betont, sie in dem vorliegenden Zusammenhang zu berücksichtigen. Haushalt und Staat bedingen die Verwirklichungschance, flexible Arbeit auf dem Markt anzubieten, d.h. die Möglichkeit, von Standarderwerbstätigkeit abzuweichen, ohne sich einem hohen Armutsrisiko auszusetzen.
BAZF, a novel component of cullin3-based E3 ligase complex, mediates VEGFR and Notch cross-signaling in angiogenesis
Authors: Ohnuki Hidetaka , Inoue Hirofumi , Takemori Nobuaki , Nakayama Hironao , Sakaue Tomohisa , Fukuda Shinji , Miwa Daisuke , Nishiwaki Eiji , Hatano Masahiko , Tokuhisa Takeshi , Endo Yaeta , Nose Masato , Higashiyama Shigeki 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Angiogenic homeostasis is maintained by a balance between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Notch signaling in endothelial cells (ECs). We screened for molecules that might mediate the coupling of VEGF signal transduction with down-regulation of Notch signaling, and identified B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma6-associated zinc finger protein (BAZF). BAZF was induced by VEGF-A in ECs to bind to the Notch signaling factor C-promoter binding factor 1 (CBF1), and to promote the degradation of CBF1 through polyubiquitination in a CBF1-cullin3 (CUL3) E3 ligase complex. BAZF disruption in vivo decreased endothelial tip cell number and filopodia protrusion, and markedly abrogated vascular plexus formation in the mouse retina, overlapping the retinal phenotype seen in response to Notch activation. Further, impaired angiogenesis and capillary remodeling were observed in skin-wounded BAZF−/− mice. We therefore propose that BAZF supports angiogenic sprouting via BAZF-CUL3-based polyubiquitination-dependent degradation of CBF1 to down-regulate Notch signaling.
Membrane-bound human SCF/KL promotes in vivo human hematopoietic engraftment and myeloid differentiation
Authors: Takagi Shinsuke , Saito Yoriko , Hijikata Atsushi , Tanaka Satoshi , Watanabe Takashi , Hasegawa Takanori , Mochizuki Shinobu , Kunisawa Jun , Kiyono Hiroshi , Koseki Haruhiko , Ohara Osamu , Saito Takashi , Taniguchi Shuichi , Shultz Leonard D. , Ishikawa Fumihiko 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn recent years, advances in the humanized mouse system have led to significantly increased levels of human hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) engraftment. The remaining limitations in human HSC engraftment and function include lymphoid-skewed differentiation and inefficient myeloid development in the recipients. Limited human HSC function may partially be attributed to the inability of the host mouse microenvironment to provide sufficient support to human hematopoiesis. To address this problem, we created membrane-bound human stem cell factor (SCF)/KIT ligand (KL)–expressing NOD/SCID/IL2rgKO (hSCF Tg NSG) mice. hSCF Tg NSG recipients of human HSCs showed higher levels of both human CD45+ cell engraftment and human CD45+CD33+ myeloid development compared with NSG recipients. Expression of hSCF/hKL accelerated the differentiation of the human granulocyte lineage cells in the recipient bone marrow. Human mast cells were identified in bone marrow, spleen, and gastrointestinal tissues of the hSCF Tg NSG recipients. This novel in vivo humanized mouse model demonstrates the essential role of membrane-bound hSCF in human myeloid development. Moreover, the hSCF Tg NSG humanized recipients may facilitate investigation of in vivo differentiation, migration, function, and pathology of human mast cells.
Mature erythrocyte membrane homeostasis is compromised by loss of the GATA1-FOG1 interaction
Authors: Hasegawa Atsushi , Shimizu Ritsuko , Mohandas Narla , Yamamoto Masayuki 
Published: January 2012

AbstractGATA1 plays essential roles in erythroid gene expression. The N-terminal finger of GATA1 (GATA1-Nf) is important for association with FOG1. Substitution mutations in GATA1-Nf, such as GATA1V205M that diminish the GATA1-FOG1 association, have been identified in human thrombocytopenia and anemia cases. A mouse model of human thrombocytopenia has been established using a transgenic complementation rescue approach; GATA1-deficient mice were successfully rescued from embryonic lethality by excess expression of GATA1V205G, but rescued adult mice suffered from severe thrombocytopenia. In this study, we examined GATA1-deficient mice rescued with GATA1V205G at a comparable level to endogenous GATA1. Mice rescued with this level of GATA1V205G rarely survive to adulthood. Rescued newborns suffered from severe anemia and jaundice accompanied with anisocytosis and spherocytosis. Expression of Slc4a1, Spna1, and Aqp1 genes (encoding the membrane proteins band-3, α-spectrin, and aquaporin-1, respectively) were strikingly diminished, whereas expression of other canonical GATA1-target genes, such as Alas2, were little affected. Lack of these membrane proteins provoked perturbation of membrane skeleton. Importantly, the red cells exhibited increased reactive oxygen species accumulation. These results thus demonstrate that the loss of the GATA1-FOG1 interaction causes a unique combination of membrane protein deficiency and disturbs the function of GATA1 in maintaining erythroid homeostasis.
Factors associated with mental disorders in long-settled war refugees: refugees from the former Yugoslavia in Germany, Italy and the UK
Authors: Bogic Marija , Ajdukovic Dean , Bremner Stephen , Franciskovic Tanja , Galeazzi Gian Maria , Kucukalic Abdulah , Lecic-Tosevski Dusica , Morina Nexhmedin , Popovski Mihajlo , Schützwohl Matthias , Wang Duolao , Priebe Stefan 
Published: January 2012

BackgroundPrevalence rates of mental disorders are frequently increased in long-settled war refugees. However, substantial variation in prevalence rates across studies and countries remain unexplained.AimsTo test whether the same sociodemographic characteristics, war experiences and post-migration stressors are associated with mental disorders in similar refugee groups resettled in different countries.MethodMental disorders were assessed in war-affected refugees from the former Yugoslavia in Germany, Italy and the UK. Sociodemographic, war-related and post-migration characteristics were tested for their association with different disorders.ResultsA total of 854 war refugees were assessed (≥255 per country). Prevalence rates of mental disorders varied substantially across countries. A lower level of education, more traumatic experiences during and after the war, more migration-related stress, a temporary residence permit and not feeling accepted were independently associated with higher rates of mood and anxiety disorders. Mood disorders were also associated with older age, female gender and being unemployed, and anxiety disorders with the absence of combat experience. Higher rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were associated with older age, a lower level of education, more traumatic experiences during and after the war, absence of combat experience, more migration-related stress, and a temporary residence permit. Only younger age, male gender and not living with a partner were associated with substance use disorders. The associations did not differ significantly across the countries. War-related factors explained more variance in rates of PTSD, and post-migration factors in the rates of mood, anxiety and substance use disorder.ConclusionsSociodemographic characteristics, war experiences and post-migration stressors are independently associated with mental disorders in long-settled war refugees. The risk factors vary for different disorders, but are consistent across host countries for the same disorders.
Now IT's Personal: Offshoring and the Shifting Skill Composition of the U.S. Information Technology Workforce
Authors: Tambe Prasanna , Hitt Lorin M. 
Published: January 2012

We combine new information technology (IT) offshoring and IT workforce microdata to investigate how the use of IT offshore captive centers is affecting the skill composition of the U.S. onshore IT workforce. The analysis is based on the theory that occupations involving tasks that are “tradable,” such as tasks that require little personal communication or hands-on interaction with U.S.-based objects, are vulnerable to being moved offshore. Consistent with this theory, we find that firms that have offshore IT captive centers have 8% less of their onshore IT workforce involved in tradable occupations; those without offshore captive centers have increased the proportion of onshore employment in these same occupations by 3%. In addition, we find that hourly IT workers (e.g., IT contractors) are disproportionately employed in tradable jobs, and their onshore employment is 2%–3% lower in firms with offshore captive centers. These findings persist after considering different measures of employment composition, including controls for human capital, firm performance, domestic outsourcing, and whether firms choose to build or buy software. Instrumental variables and corroborating regressions suggest that our estimates are conservative—the magnitude of the effect generally rises after accounting for reverse causality and measurement error. This paper was accepted by by Chris Forman, guest department editor.
Reconceptualizing Stars: Scientist Helpfulness and Peer Performance
Authors: Oettl Alexander 
Published: January 2012

It is surprising that the prevailing performance taxonomy for scientists (star versus nonstar) focuses only on individual output and ignores social behavior, because innovation is often characterized as a communal process. To develop a deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which scientists influence the productivity of others, I expand the traditional taxonomy of scientists that focuses solely on productivity and add a second, social dimension: helpfulness to others. Using a combination of academic paper publications and citations to capture scientist productivity and the receipt of academic paper acknowledgments to measure helpfulness, I examine the change in publishing output of the coauthors of 149 scientists that die. Coauthors of highly helpful scientists that die experience a decrease in output quality but not output quantity. Meanwhile, the deaths of high productivity scientists that are not highly helpful do not influence their coauthors' output. In addition, scientists who are helpful with conceptual feedback (critique and advice) have a larger impact on the performance of their coauthors than scientists who provide help with material access, scientific tools, or technical work. Within the context of evaluating scientific productivity, it may be time to update our conceptualization of a “star.” This paper was accepted by Lee Fleming, entrepreneurship and innovation.
Does Open‐air Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds near a Plastic Recycling Factory Cause Health Effects?
Authors: Yorifuji Takashi , Noguchi Miyuki , Tsuda Toshihide , Suzuki Etsuji , Takao Soshi , Kashima Saori , Yanagisawa Yukio 
Published: January 2012

Does Open‐air Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds near a Plastic Recycling Factory Cause Health Effects?: Takashi YORIFUJI, et al. Department of Human Ecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science—ObjectivesAfter a plastic reprocessing factory began to operate in August 2004, the residents around the factory in Neyagawa, Osaka, Japan, began to complain of symptoms. Therefore, we conducted an exposure assessment and a population‐based epidemiological study in 2006.MethodsTo assess exposure, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and total VOCs were measured at two locations in the vicinity of the factory. In the population‐based study, a total of 3,950 residents were targeted. A self‐administered questionnaire was used to collect information about subjects' mucocutaneous or respiratory symptoms. Using logistic regression models, we compared the prevalence of symptoms in July 2006 by employing the farthest area from the factory as a reference, and prevalence odds ratios (PORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated.ResultsThe concentration of total VOCs was higher in the vicinity of the factory. The prevalence of mucocutaneous and respiratory symptoms was the highest among the residents in the closest area to the factory. Some symptoms were significantly increased among the residents within 500 m of the factory compared with residents of an area 2800 m from the factory: e.g., sore throat (POR=3.2, 95% CI: 1.3–8.0), eye itch (POR=3.0, 95% CI: 1.5–6.0), eye discharge (POR=6.0, 95% CI: 2.3–15.9), eczema (POR=3.0, 95% CI: 1.1–7.9) and sputum (POR=2.4, 95% CI: 1.1–5.1).ConclusionsDespite of the limitations of this study, these results imply a possible association of open‐air VOCs with mucocutaneous and respiratory symptoms. Because this kind of plasticre cycling factory only recently came into operation, more attention should be paid to the operation of plastic recycling factories in the environment.