bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rates of Nitrate Uptake with Sudangrass and Microbial Reduction in a Field
Authors: Ardakani M. S. , Flühler H. , McLaren A. D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRemoval of nitrate from a field soil by sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense) and by conversion by microorganisms are accounted for with the aid of a convective dispersion equation with a sink term. Rates of nitrate disappearance from the soil showed sharp increases associated with irrigation or rainfall and seemed to decrease exponentially with soil moisture potential. Leaching displayed similar increases which subsided three to four days after irrigation. Plant uptake accounted for about 50% of added nitrate, organic matter and residual nitrate for about 34%, leaching for another 4%, and the balance was unaccounted for. While a nitrate balance showed a percentage distribution of nitrate in a soil‐plant system, rate measurement revealed a time‐dependent function for the plant uptake of nitrate in the system which is essential for stochastic or mechanistic model studies.
Use of the Nitrate Soil Test to Predict Sweet Corn Response to Nitrogen Fertilization
Authors: Roberts S. , Weaver W. H. , Phelps J. P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA precise procedure for routinely interpreting soil test NO3 as a fertilizer guide should help achieve more efficient use of N on crops with a high N requirement. The present study was designed to calibrate soil test NO3 for predicting relative (percent of maximum) yield and the N‐requirement index (NRI) of sweet corn (Zea mays L.) using Mitscherlich‐type functions. The total N fertilizer requirement for the crop was equated to the potential yield increase multiplied by the NRI.The NRI was calculated from N rate studies as the amount of N required per unit increase in sweet corn yield. ‘Stylepak’ sweet corn was grown 2 years in a row at a Warden silt loam (Xerollic Camborthids) site with rates of NH4NO3 the first year to give 84, 168, 252, 336, and 504 kg N/ha and a carry‐over of from 10 to 70 ppm N the second year. Functions showed a range from 10 to 40 ppm soil NO3‐N was correlated with relative yields ranging from 62 to 98% of maximum and the NRI's range from 26 kg N/ton of yield increase up to 98 kg N/ton. It was concluded that with as low as 10 ppm NO3‐N, the potential yield increase multiplied by the NRI equated to a requirement of 251 kg N/ha. A soil test of 40–50 ppm NO3‐N correlated with 98–99% of maximum yield and indicated little or no fertilizer was needed. The NRI soil testing approach has definite advantages because it eliminates the controversial practice of calculating a fertilizer equivalent from soil NO3 and fertilizer requirements can be calculated to fit different yield potentials of localized soil and cropping conditions.
Adsorption of Radiostrontium by Soil Treated with Alkali Metal Hydroxides
Authors: Spalding Brian P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTwelve soils from areas used for the disposal of low‐level radioactive solid waste at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory were examined for their ability to adsorb trace levels of Sr. Radiostrontium adsorption, in the presence of normal soil Ca levels, was determined following the addition of LiOH, NaOH, KOH, NaCl, and Na‐polyacrylate. With soils from C horizons, the average thermodynamic equilibrium constant for the Na‐Ca(Sr) exchange reaction decreased from 0.063 to 0.00041 after treatment with 0.4 meq/g of NaOH, indicating a large increase in the selectivity for Ca(Sr) adsorption. With samples from A or B horizons, this effect was not observed due to the dissolution of soil organic matter; Na‐polyacrylate interfered with the adsorption of Ca(Sr) in the same manner as the NaOH‐solubilized soil organic matter. Selectivity differences between trace levels of Sr and the macroamounts of soil Ca were quite small (< 5%) in both the treated and untreated soils. A multiple regression analysis indicated that three soil properties (percent organic matter, exchangeable Ca + Mg, and exchangeable acidity) explained 77% of the variation in Sr adsorption by alkali‐treated soils. In untreated soils, the exchangeable Ca + Mg and exchangeable acidity explained 70% of the variation in the adsorption of Sr. The response of the soils to alkali treatment generally followed the lyotropic series: Li> Na > K.
Oligomerization of Syringic Acid, a Lignin Derivative, by a Phenoloxidase
Authors: Liu Shu‐Yen , Minard Robert D. , Bollag Jean‐Marc 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSyringic acid, a phenolic derivative from lignin, could be polymerized by a iaccase from the fungus Rhizoctonia praticola, and various oligomers ranging from dimers to hexamers were determined. Seven different dimers could be established by mass‐spectrometric analysis, and each dimer yielded oligomers with corresponding molecular characteristics. The molecular structure of two dimers and one trimer, as well as their methylated or reductively acetylated derivatives, were identified by high‐resolution mass and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Syringic acid was also converted to 2,6‐dimethoxybenzoquinone, and this monomer could not be further oxidized by the fungal enzyme.
Use of a Technical Soil Classification System in Evaluation of Corn and Soybean Response to Deep Tillage
Authors: Denton H. P. , Naderman G. C. , Buol S. W. , Nelson L. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCrop response to soil management practices is determined in part by soil properties. Soil classification systems provide a readily available measure of soil properties. If information about crop response to soil management practices can be transferred between locations based on soil classification information, this will aid in the adoption of optimum management practices. As a test of the usefulness of soil classification information in transfer of response information, a technical soil classification system was used to evaluate corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) response to deep tillage across a range of soil, climate, and management conditions. Three deep tillage systems—subsoiling under the row, subsoiling under the row plus bedding, and chisel plowing—were compared with a shallow tillage system, disking only, in 16 experiments with corn and 13 with soybeans on North Carolina farms. Soils in the fields were classified according to a technical soil classification system adapted from the Fertility Capability Classification (FCC) system. Response to deep tillage varied significantly among soil groups in the technical classification system. Yield increases due to deep tillage varied by soil group from 36 to 3% with corn, and from 25 to −2% with soybeans. A general recommendation based on results across all soils would have led to nonoptimum choices of tillage practices on half of the soil groups. Response was related to texture and thickness of Ap and E horizons, and texture of Bt horizons. The largest yield increases occurred on soils with sandy Ap and E horizons over loamy Bt horizons. No significant yield responses occurred on soils with loamy Ap horizons overlying clayey Bt horizons. The technical soil classification system was found to have considerable potential as a basis for transfer of tillage response information.
Manganese Availability and Uptake by Rice in Acid Sulfate Soils
Authors: Moore P. A. , Patrick W. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAlthough Al and Fe toxicities have been reported to be major constraints to rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth on acid sulfate soils, it is unclear as to whether or not Mn reaches toxic proportions in these soils. The objectives of this study were: (i) to measure the solubility of Mn in flooded acid sulfate soils cropped to rice, (ii) to determine what controls Mn solubility in these soils, and (iii) to determine the relationships between soil parameters and Mn uptake by rice. Manganese availability and uptake by rice were evaluated in 134 flooded acid sulfate soils in the Central Plains region of Thailand and in a growth chamber experiment utilizing 50 of the same soils. Soil and plant metal analyses were conducted at the panicle differentiation stage of growth in both studies and in the soil prior to transplanting in the growth chamber experiment. Metal activities in soil solutions were determined using GEOCHEM. The results of this study showed that Mn solid phases such as oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, phosphates, or silicates were probably not controlling Mn solubility in these soils. Plots of E'‐Mn (the ratio of Mn2+ to the sum of the divalent cations in soil solution) vs. E‐Mn (the ratio of exchangeable Mn to the sum of the exchangeable divalent cations) indicated that the divalent charge fraction attributable to Mn2+ in soil solution was highly correlated to that on the cation exchange capacity. It was hypothesized that cation exchange was the dominant mechanism governing Mn2+ activities in these soils. Although Mn uptake was found to be correlated to Mn2+ activity and E'‐Mn, it was more closely correlated to p(Mn+/Fe2+), indicating that an Fe/Mn interaction may be occurring. Leaf metal analyses also indicated that Mn toxicity probably did not occur.
Automated Regulating and Recording System for Cylinder Infiltrometers
Authors: Matula S. , Dirksen C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper describes a new system that regulates water applications to ring infiltrometers within ± 1 mL. Water application is triggered when free water on the soil surface reaches a preset lowest level, with a sensitivity of about 0.1 mm. By recording the times of the water application events, either automatically or manually, the maximum infiltration rate as function of time can be determined with high accuracy and minimum effort.
Identification of latent phase factors associated with active labor duration in low‐risk nulliparous women with spontaneous contractions
Authors: DENCKER ANNA , BERG MARIE , BERGQVIST LISELOTTE , LILJA HÅKAN 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjective. The aim of this prospective study was to identify latent phase predictors of active labor duration. Design. Prospective clinical study. Setting. Two delivery units in Sweden. Sample. Healthy nulliparous women with a normal pregnancy, spontaneous onset of active labor at term, and a cervical dilatation of 4 cm or more on admission to the delivery ward (n = 2,072). Methods. The women were asked to answer questions concerning their food and fluid intake, amount of rest and sleep during the preceding 24 hours and to assess their labor pain, sense of security and expectations of the childbirth on a visual analog scale (VAS). Duration and intervals of contractions, cervical dilatation, and position of the fetal head were noted by the midwife. A multiple regression analysis was performed with active labor duration as the outcome variable. Main outcome measure. Predictive factors of active labor duration. Results. Normal food intake during the preceding 24 hours was associated with short labor duration. A long latent phase, low levels of assessed labor pain and few hours of rest and sleep during the preceding 24 hours were significant independent predictors of extended active labor duration, when high birth weight, long contraction intervals, slight cervical dilatation, intact membranes within 2 hours of admission, high maternal age and malposition of the fetal head were controlled for. Conclusion. New findings are that latent phase duration as well as food intake and the amount of rest and sleep during the preceding 24 hours are independent predictors of labor duration.
A randomized controlled trial comparing vaginal misoprostol versus Foley catheter plus oxytocin for labor induction
Authors: FILHO OLIMPIO B. MORAES , ALBUQUERQUE RIVALDO M. , CECATTI JOSÉ G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjective. To compare effectiveness and safety of 25 μg vaginal misoprostol versus Foley catheter and oxytocin for cervical ripening and labor induction in pregnant women with unripe cervices. Design. Randomized controlled trial. Setting. A public maternity in Recife, Brazil. Sample. A total of 240 pregnant women. Methods. Women with a term or post‐term, live, singleton fetus in cephalic presentation, intact membranes, Bishop score <6, not in labor, medically indicated for labor induction. They were randomly divided in Group 1, where 119 women received 25 μg of intravaginal misoprostol every 6 hours for a maximum of four doses; and Group 2, where 121 women had a 14‐F Foley catheter inserted into their cervical canal. Once past the internal os, the balloon was inflated. Intravenous oxytocin was initiated after the balloon was spontaneously extruded from the cervix or after 24 hours. Results. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding baseline characteristics. Misoprostol was more effective in inducing labor than Foley catheter and oxytocin. Mean induction‐to‐vaginal delivery time with misoprostol was shorter (17.3 vs. 20.2 hours, p = 0.016). There were more vaginal deliveries in the misoprostol group at 12 (p < 0.001) and 18 (p = 0.007) hours, but the difference was no longer statistically significant at 24 and 48 hours. There were no significant differences in uterine contraction abnormalities, puerperal infection or neonatal outcomes. Conclusions. Vaginal misoprostol is more effective than and as safe as Foley catheter and oxytocin for induction of labor in term and post‐term pregnancy.
Maternal risk factors for postterm pregnancy and cesarean delivery following labor induction
Authors: ROOS NATHALIE , SAHLIN LENA , EKMAN‐ORDEBERG GUNVOR , KIELER HELLE , STEPHANSSON OLOF 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjective. To investigate risk factors associated with postterm pregnancy and cesarean delivery following labor induction. Design. Population‐based cohort study. Setting. Sweden. Population. From the Swedish Medical Birth Register, a total of 1,176,131 singletons births from gestational week 37 and onwards, between 1992 and 2006. Methods. Unconditional logistic regression analysis. Main outcome measures. Risk of postterm pregnancy (delivery at ≥42 weeks) and cesarean delivery following labor induction. Results. Among 1,176,131 births, 8.94% were delivered postterm. Compared to normal weight women, the risk of postterm pregnancy in obese women was almost doubled (adjusted OR: 1.63, 95% CI 1.59–1.67). The risk of postterm pregnancy increased with increasing maternal age and was higher among primiparous women. The risk of cesarean section (CS) following labor induction postterm, increased with maternal age and BMI, and was more than doubled among women 35 years and older (adjusted OR 2.28, 95% CI 2.04–2.56). A fivefold risk of CS was seen among nulliparous women (adjusted OR 5.05, 95% CI 4.71–5.42). Parous women with a previous CS undergoing labor induction had a sevenfold increased risk of CS postterm (adjusted OR 7.19, 95% CI 5.93–8.71). Conclusions. Nulliparity, advanced maternal age and obesity were the strongest risk factors for postterm pregnancy and CS following labor induction in postterm pregnancy. Including maternal risk factors to the cervical assessment may improve prediction of vaginal delivery following labor induction in postterm pregnancy.
Health and hygienic conditions of ewe's milk processing from the aspect of food safety
Authors: Dudriková Eva , Poľaková Lucia , Pukáčová Jana 
Published: July 2010

Totally, 47 strains of S. aureus and 578 coagulase negative staphylococci were detected in samples from raw ewe milk. The 35 out 47 isolates of S. aureus from ewe milk were positive for the presence of staphylococcal enterotoxin genes: sea(4 %), sec (48 %) a sed (48 %). Staphylococcus epidermis (33.04%), Staphylococcus caprae (21.28%) were more prevalent. Staphylococcus chromogenes (7.44 %), Staphylococcus hominis (7.09%), Staphylococcus xylosus (6,92 %), a Staphylococcus warneri (6.40 %) were isolated also in ewes milk. Staphylococcus haemolyticus (3.11 %), Staphylococcus capitis (2.94 %), Staphylococcus simulans (2.08 %) and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (1.73 %) were isolated very rarely from the taken individual milk ewe samples. Sporadically, only in few cases, the others coagulase negative staphylococci were isolated (< 1 %): Staphylococcus cohnii cohnii, Staphylococcus sciuri, Staphylococcus closii, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Staphylococcus auricularis and Staphylococcus equorum.
Oxidative stability of chilled chicken meat after feeding of selected plants
Authors: Marcinčák Slavomí­r , Popelka Peter , Šimková Jana , Marcinčáková Dana , Martonová Mária 
Published: July 2010

The effect of feeding of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis, L) and combination of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L) and hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L) on oxidative stability and sensory properties of produced poultry meat was investigated. Sixty one-day-old commercial broiler chicks (ROSS 308) were used in our experiment, divided into 3 groups, and fed 41 days, as follows: control (K) was fed with standard diet without supplementation of plants; second group (M) was fed with standard diet supplemented with grounded lemon balm in concentration 2 % per 1 kg; and third group was fed with standard diet supplemented with grounded yarrow (2 %) and hawthorn (1 %). Results showed that supplementation with lemon balm, and mainly combination of yarrow and hawthorn in the diet significantly caused reduction of lipid oxidation processes in thigh meat during chilling storage of samples. In addition, supplementation of plants in the diet had positive effect on sensory quality of meat of broiler chickens.
Highly Efficient Route to Functionalized Tetrahydrocarbazoles Using a Tandem Cross‐Metathesis/Intramolecular‐Hydroarylation Sequence
Authors: An Xiao‐Lei , Chen Jia‐Rong , Li Chang‐Feng , Zhang Fu‐Gen , Zou You‐Quan , Guo Ying‐Cen , Xiao Wen‐Jing 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe scope of the novel ruthenium‐catalyzed tandem cross‐metathesis/intramolecular‐hydroarylation sequence is described. This methodology offers a practical and efficient synthesis of structurally diverse and complex tetrahydrocarbazoles in good to excellent yields (up to 98 %). Moreover, preliminary efforts towards the development of an enantioselective version of the current process by sequential catalysis with ruthenium complex and chiral amine are presented, with high yields and enantioselectivities (up to 88 % yield and 91 % ee).
Pyrroloquinoline quinone‐dependent carbohydrate dehydrogenase: Activity enhancement and the role of artificial electron acceptors
Authors: Kulys Juozas , Tetianec Lidija , Bratkovskaja Irina 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)‐dependent glucose dehydrogenase (PQQ‐GDH) offers a variety of opportunities for applications, e.g. in highly sensitive biosensors and electrosynthetic reactions. Here we report on the acceleration (up to 4.9 x 104‐fold) of enzymatic ferricyanide reduction by artificial redox mediators (enhancers). The reaction mechanism includes reduction of the PQQ‐GDH by glucose followed by oxidation of the reduced PQQ cofactor with either ferricyanide or a redox mediator. A synergistic effect occurs through the oxidation of a reduced mediator by ferricyanide. Using kinetic description of the coupled reaction, the second order rate constant for the reaction of an oxidized mediator with the reduced enzyme cofactor (kox) can be calculated. For different mediators this value is 2.2 x 106–1.6 x 108 M‐1s‐1 at pH 7.2 and 25°C. However, no correlation of the rate constant with the midpoint redox potential of the mediator could be established. For low‐potential mediators the synergistic effect is proportional to the ratio of kox(med)/kox(ferricyanide), whereas for the high‐potential mediators the effect depends on both this ratio and the concentration of the oxidized mediator, which can be calculated from the Nernst equation. The described effect can be applied in various ways, e.g. for substrate reactivity determination, electrosynthetic PQQ cofactor regeneration or building of new highly sensitive biosensors.
Risk factors for portal venous thrombosis after splenectomy in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension (Br J Surg 2010; 97: 910–916)
Authors: Senzolo M , Rodriguez K , Nadal E , Burra P 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses should be sent electronically via the BJS website (www.bjs.co.uk). All letters will be reviewed and, if approved, appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and published in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length.
The subdural space of the spine: A lymphatic sink? Myodil's last message
Authors: Hugh Alan E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFollowing the radiological study of a large number of myelograms, starting over 50 years ago when the only clinical contrast medium available to show the contents of the spinal canal was an iodized oil, the author has collected a number of examples where the oil was inadvertently injected into the subdural area, rather than the intended subarachnoid space. By taking follow‐up films at various intervals following the inadvertent injection, it has been possible to study the extent to which the subdural space could become visualized from a lumbar injection, the contrast medium sometimes passing to the top of the cervical region and the lower part of the sacrum. Also, the contrast passed outward along the peri‐neural lymphatic sheaths or spaces of the issuing spinal nerves, where it might remain for months, and under the influence of gravity it could extend for a considerable way. It also passed into abdominal and thoracic lymph vessels and nodes. Considering the morphology, predictability, and ease with which the demonstrated subdural space fills, the author concludes that the subdural region is a true and functionally significant “space,” and an important conduit or functional part of the body's lymphatic system. He also considers that it has implications for the spread or dissemination of various organisms, substances or pathological conditions, as well as being part of the normal conduit for reabsorption of CSF with implications for hydrocephalus, and with potential for misplacement of spinal anaesthetic agents. Clin. Anat. 23:829–839, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.