bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drag reduction in wave‐swept macroalgae: Alternative strategies and new predictions
Authors: Martone Patrick T. , Kost Laurie , Boller Michael 
Published: April 2012

• Premise of the study: Intertidal macroalgae must resist extreme hydrodynamic forces imposed by crashing waves. How does frond flexibility mitigate drag, and how does flexibility affect predictions of drag and dislodgement in the field?• Methods: We characterized flexible reconfiguration of six seaweed species in a recirculating water flume, documenting both shape change and area reduction as fronds reorient. We then used a high‐speed gravity‐accelerated water flume to test our ability to predict drag under waves based on extrapolations of drag recorded at slower speeds. We compared dislodgement forces to drag forces predicted from slow‐ and high‐speed data to generate new predictions of survivorship and maximum sustainable frond size along wave‐swept shores.• Key results: Bladed algae were generally “shape changers”, limiting drag by reducing drag coefficients, whereas the branched alga Calliarthron was an “area reducer”, limiting drag by reducing projected area in flow. Drag predictions often underestimated actual drag measurements at high speeds, suggesting that slow‐speed data may not reflect the performance of flexible seaweeds under breaking waves. Several seaweeds were predicted to dislodge at similar combinations of velocity and frond size, suggesting common scaling factors of dislodgement strength and drag.• Conclusions: Changing shape and reducing projected area in flow are two distinct strategies employed by flexible seaweeds to resist drag. Flexible reconfiguration contributes to the uncertainty of drag extrapolation, and researchers should use caution when predicting drag and dislodgement of seaweeds in the field.
Alternative Splicing Controlled by Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein L Regulates Development, Proliferation, and Migration of Thymic Pre-T Cells
Authors: Gaudreau Marie-Claude , Heyd Florian , Bastien Rachel , Wilhelm Brian , Möröy Tarik 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The regulation of posttranscriptional modifications of pre-mRNA by alternative splicing is important for cellular function, development, and immunity. The receptor tyrosine phosphatase CD45, which is expressed on all hematopoietic cells, is known for its role in the development and activation of T cells. CD45 is known to be alternatively spliced, a process that is partially regulated by heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) L. To investigate the role of hnRNP L further, we have generated conditional hnRNP L knockout mice and found that LckCre-mediated deletion of hnRNP L results in a decreased thymic cellularity caused by a partial block at the transition stage between double-negative 4 and double-positive cells. In addition, hnRNP L−/− thymocytes express aberrant levels of the CD45RA splice isoforms and show high levels of phosphorylated Lck at the activator tyrosine Y394, but lack phosphorylation of the inhibitory tyrosine Y505. This indicated an increased basal Lck activity and correlated with higher proliferation rates of double-negative 4 cells in hnRNP L−/− mice. Deletion of hnRNP L also blocked the migration and egress of single-positive thymocytes to peripheral lymphoid organs in response to sphingosine-1-phosphate and the chemokines CCL21 and CXCL12 very likely as a result of aberrant splicing of genes encoding GTPase regulators and proteins affecting cytoskeletal organization. Our results indicate that hnRNP L regulates T cell differentiation and migration by regulating pre-TCR and chemokine receptor signaling.
Asian American Adolescents' Willingness to Donate Organs and Engage in Family Discussion about Organ Donation and Transplantation
Authors: Trompeta Joyce A. , Cooper Bruce A. , Ascher Nancy L. , Kools Susan M. , Kennedy Christine M. , Chen Jyu-Lin 
Published: April 2012

Context— Despite the growing need for organ donation among Asian Americans, studies suggest that they are reluctant to donate. Objective— To examine the association of attitudes and knowledge about organ donation and transplantation with willingness to donate and willingness to engage in family discussion about organ donation among Asian American adolescents. Design— A cross-sectional study. Setting— The Big Island of Hawaii. Participants— Self-identified Asian American adolescents (Japanese, Chinese, Filipino, Korean), ages 16 to 17 years old, and each adolescent's parent or guardian. Main Outcome Measures— Asian American adolescents provided demographic information and completed the Modified Organ Donation Attitude Survey, the Organ Donation and Transplantation Knowledge Survey, and the Suinn-Lew Asian Self-Identity Acculturation Scale. A parent or guardian also provided demographic information. Linear regression analyses were used to examine the associations with willingness to donate and to engage in family discussion about organ discussion. Results— Willingness to donate was associated with positive knowledge related to general aspects about organ donation and cultural limitations in receiving an organ transplant, a high level of acculturation, and a low level of negative attitudes ( R2 = 0.402, F = 18.86, P = .005). Asian American adolescents with approving or positive attitudes were likely to engage in family discussion about organ donation ( R2 = 0.195, F =27.93, P = .005). To reinforce and maintain high levels of knowledge and positive attitudes, organ donation education is most likely needed in high schools.
A Department of Motor Vehicles Intervention Yields Moderate Increases in Donor Designation Rates
Authors: Rodrigue James R. , Krouse Jennifer , Carroll Christopher , Giery Kathleen M. , Fraga Yilian , Edwards Elizabeth 
Published: April 2012

Context— Nearly all persons (37% of public) who have a joined an organ donor registry in the United States have done so through their Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) office, which is an underused venue for organ donation campaigns. Objective— To evaluate the effectiveness of a statewide DMV-based intervention to increase donor designation rates. Design and Setting— Thirty DMV offices in Florida were randomly assigned to receive usual care (n= 15) or an organ donation intervention (n= 15). Measurement and Primary Outcome— Donor designation rates were assessed at baseline (before the intervention), during the intervention, and at follow-up. Results— When baseline donor designation rate and region were controlled for, the intervention group showed a significantly higher aggregate monthly donor designation rate than the usual care group during the intervention phase of the study ( P = .02). Donor designation rates did not differ significantly ( P = .13) during the follow-up phase. Lower donor designations rates were significantly associated with DMV service regions with more minorities, less education, and lower income. Conclusion— We conclude that a comprehensive DMV-based intervention focused on staff education and direct interactions with the public could yield modest increases in donor designation rates.
Effect of a Study Map Intended to Support Informed Consent in Transplant Research
Authors: Foradori Megan A. , Nolan Marie T. 
Published: April 2012

Context— Research participants' informed consent is integral to the protection of human subjects; studies exploring the enhancement of standard informed consent processes have had mixed success in increasing patients' understanding of complex research protocols. Objective— To determine the effect of a “study map,” a flow diagram of a research protocol, on research participants' understanding of research purpose and procedures. Design— This study was an experimental posttest-only design using 30 research participants enrolling in a study of decision making and recovery among living kidney donors. Participants were randomly assigned to the standard care group (verbal description with consent documents) or the experimental group (standard of care plus study map). An instrument measured perceived and objective understanding, and the differences between groups were determined by an independent t test. Discussion— The high level of comprehension in the control group made detecting improvements in understanding difficult. Objective knowledge and perceived understanding were positively related, suggesting the importance of periodically confirming comprehension with research participants during the informed consent process. Future research should examine the effect of study maps in patients with lower educational levels. Results— Knowledge levels were high in all participants (mean objective =3.7 on a 5-point scale, SD= 1.02; mean subjective =9.3 on a 10-point scale, SD= 1.29). There was a significant relationship between objective knowledge and perceived understanding ( r = 0.56, P = .001); however, the study map itself had no significant effect on objective or perceived understanding.
Lessons Learned: Experiences of Gaining Weight by Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Stanfill Ansley , Bloodworth Robin , Cashion Ann 
Published: April 2012

Context— Weight gain after kidney transplantation is a widespread phenomenon, but the question of effective strategies to intervene in patterns that lead to weight gain has not been well studied. Objective— To obtain (1) insight into recipients' perceptions of weight gain and (2) information on intervention strategies that recipients think could prevent weight gain. Design— Qualitative focus groups and a 13-question, multiple-choice survey were used. Setting— A regional mid-South transplant center. Participants— Seven kidney transplant recipients (86% African American, 57% female, mean age 55.0 years) who had gained at least 12% of their total body weight during a 12-month larger observational study. Main Outcome Measures— Content from the focus group sessions was analyzed for major and minor themes. The survey results were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results— Identified themes included barriers to healthy eating caused by medications and removal of dietary restrictions. Barriers to physical activity included fear of injuring the new organ and health problems both related and unrelated to transplant. Perceived effects of weight gain included hypertension, diabetes, and embarrassment and concern at the rapid weight gain. Recipients would like an early start to implementation of lifestyle changes. Useful ideas included written materials regarding appropriate physical activities and dietary information, healthy cooking classes, and support groups.
Modelling the Neolithic Transition in the Near East and Europe
Authors: Fort Joaquim , Pujol Toni , Linden Marc Vander 
Published: April 2012

AbstractFor the Neolithic transition in the Near East and Europe, this paper compares the isochrones predicted by computational models to those obtained by interpolating the archaeological data. This comparison reveals that there is a major inconsistency between the predictions of the models and the archaeological data: according to the models, the Neolithic front would have arrived to Greece in less than half the time interval implied by the data. Our main new results are as follows, (a) This inconsistency can be solved by including only Pre Pottery Neolithic B/C (PPNB/C) sites in the Near East; (b) the model that yields the lowest mean error per site in the arrival time of the Neolithic across the Near East and Europe is obtained by allowing for sea travels up to distances of 150 km; and (c) Mountain barriers have a negligible effect on the spread rate of the Neolithic front at the continental scale.
Size and Shape Variation in Late Holocene Projectile Points of Southern Patagonia: A Geometric Morphometric Study
Authors: Charlin Judith , González-José Rolando 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSince the beginning of systematic archaeological studies in southern Patagonia (Argentina and Chile), projectile points have played an important role as cultural markers. A sequence of projectile point types was established according to their changes in size and shape. These stone tools, along with others cultural evidences, served to differentiate a series of “culturai periods” which were, for decades, the frame of reference to understand the cultural evolution in southernmost Patagonia. Although later researches have questioned several of these assumptions, the classical typology of projectile points continued in use until the present day. The goal of this work is to evaluate size and shape variation in two late Holocene projectile point types, known as Fell, Bird, or Magallanes IV and V points or Patagónicas and Ona points, respectively. These two types are compared using geometric morphometries and multivariate statistical analyses. The reliability in the discrimination between types is tested at the light of reduction. The analyses have shown a major incidence of reduction on shape rather than on size, and on blade rather than on stem. However, in average, types IV and V can be distinguished in terms of size, and stem shape despite reduction. Thus, even though successive cycles of use, damage and resharpening have a great influence over size and shape of projectile points, resharpening techniques are specific enough to maintain the differences of size and shape between types, a pattern that is probably related with functional requirements.
Tracing Social Interaction: Perspectives on Archaic Copper Exchange from the Upper Great Lakes
Authors: Hill Mark A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractCompositional analysis of copper is used to explore interaction between the Late Archaic occupants of the Northern Lakes region and their contemporaries in eastern and east-central Wisconsin. Copper artifacts from Burnt Rollways phase sites in northern Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula are compared with the Middle Archaic Reigh and Late Archaic Riverside sites. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis of copper demonstrates differential acquisition of resources between Burnt Rollways and their contemporaries and suggests barriers to social interaction between the Northern Lakes and societies in the Lake Winnebago and western Lake Michigan regions.
Association between single‐nucleotide polymorphisms on chromosome 1p22 and 20q12 and nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate: New data in Han Chinese and meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang Enmin , Cheng Hongqiu , Xu Mingyan , Shu Shenyou , Tang Shijie 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDNonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is a common congenital malformation associated with genetic and environmental risk factors. A recent genome‐wide association study identified two novel susceptibility loci on chromosomes 1p22 and 20q12; however, conflicting results, especially for 1p22, have been reported in Han Chinese population. The aims of this study were to replicate this association with risk of NSCL/P in the southern Han Chinese population and to discern the effect of these loci by a meta‐analysis.METHODSTo this end, 305 patients with NSCL/P, 356 phenotypically normal controls, and an additional 176 case‐parent trios were recruited. Four of the previously associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Furthermore, two published datasets were combined with the present results to determine the precise roles of the loci.RESULTSSNPs (rs6072081, rs13041247, and rs6102085) on 20q12 were found to be strongly associated with NSCL/P (Bonferroni‐corrected and χ2 test; p values < 0.05). Subsequent analysis of the case‐parent trio provided similar results. However, neither the association study nor the trio analysis supported a causative role for SNP rs560426 on 1p22 in NSCL/P susceptibility. Stratified meta‐ analysis combining Chinese samples supported our findings.CONCLUSIONSThis cross‐validation study confirmed the previous findings that SNPs in 20q12 are associated with NSCL/P in Han Chinese population. We further conclude that rs560426 on 1p22 might not have a major influence on susceptibility to NSCL/P in southern Han Chinese, but future studies with other Han Chinese populations are needed. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Did tillage erosion play a role in millennial scale landscape development?
Authors: Baartman Jantiene E.M. , Temme Arnaud J.A.M. , Schoorl Jeroen M. , Braakhekke Michiel H.A. , Veldkamp Tom (A.) 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTLandscape evolution models (LEMs) quantitatively simulate processes of sedimentation and erosion on millennial timescales. An important aspect of human impact on erosion is sediment redistribution due to agriculture, referred to herein as tillage erosion. In this study we aim to analyse the potential contribution of tillage erosion to landscape development using LEM LAPSUS. The model is calibrated separately for a water erosion process (i) without tillage and (ii) with tillage. The model is applied to the ~250 km2 Torrealvilla case study catchment, SE Spain. We were able to simulate alternating sequences of incision and aggradation, that are important on longer (millennial) timescales. Generally, model results show that tillage erosion adds to deposition in the lower floodplain area, but neither water erosion alone nor water with tillage erosion together could exactly reproduce the observed amounts of erosion and sedimentation for the case study area. In addition, scale effects are apparent. On hillslopes, tillage may contribute importantly to erosion and may fill local depressions. If assessed on the catchment scale, sediments from tillage erosion eventually reach the lower floodplain area where they contribute to deposition. However, water erosion was observed in the model simulations to be the most important process on the catchment scale. This is the first time that tillage erosion has been explicitly included in a landscape evolution model at a millennial timescale and large catchment scale. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanistic insight into initiation and chain transfer reaction of CO2/cyclohexene oxide copolymerization catalyzed by zinccobalt double metal cyanide complex catalysts
Authors: Sun Xue‐Ke , Zhang Xing‐Hong , Wei Ren‐Jian , Du Bin‐Yang , Wang Qi , Fan Zhi‐Qiang , Qi Guo‐Rong 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAlthough zinccobalt (III) double metal cyanide complex (ZnCo (III) DMCC) catalyst is a highly active and selective catalyst for carbon dioxide (CO2)/cyclohexene oxide (CHO) copolymerization, the structure of the resultant copolymer is poorly understood and the catalytic mechanism is still unclear. Combining the results of kinetic study and electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) spectra for CO2/CHO copolymerization catalyzed by ZnCo (III) DMCC catalyst, we disclosed that (1) the short ether units were mainly generated at the early stage of the copolymerization, and were hence in the “head” of the copolymer and (2) all resultant PCHCs presented two end hydroxyl (OH) groups. One end OH group came from the initiation of zinchydroxide (ZnOH) bond and the other end OH group was produced by the chain transfer reaction of propagating chain to H2O (or free copolymer). Adding t‐BuOH (CHO: t‐BuOH = 2:1, v/v) to the reaction system led to the production of fully alternating PCHCs and new active site of ZnOt‐Bu, which was proved by the observation of PCHCs with one end Ot‐Bu (and OCOOt‐Bu) group from ESI‐MS and 13C NMR spectra. Moreover, Zn−OH bond in ZnCo (III) DMCC catalyst was also characterized by the combined results from FT‐IR, TGA and elemental analysis. This work provided new evidences that CO2/CHO copolymerization was initiated by metalOH bond. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Effect of reaction conditions on film morphology of polyaniline composite membranes for gas separation
Authors: Blinova Natalia V. , Stejskal Jaroslav , Fréchet Jean M. J. , Svec Frantisek 
Published: April 2012

AbstractComposite membranes combining polyaniline as an active layer with a polypropylene support have been prepared using an in situ deposition technique. The protonated polyaniline layer with a thickness in the range of 90–200 nm was prepared using precipitation, dispersion, or emulsion polymerization of aniline with simultaneous deposition on top of the porous polypropylene support, which was immersed in the reaction mixture. Variables such as temperature, concentration of reagents, presence of steric stabilizers, surfactants, and heteropolyacid were found to control both the formation and the quality of the polyaniline layers. Both morphology and thickness of the layers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. Selective separation of carbon dioxide from its mixture with methane is used to illustrate potential application of these composite membranes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Inter‐specific association and habitat use in a farmland passerine assemblage
Authors: Morales Manuel B. , Guerrero Irene , Oñate Juan J. , Meléndez Leandro 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe studied the pattern of inter‐specific association of breeding territories in a passerine assemblage of dry cereal farmland in central Spain and evaluated the role of the presence of heterospecifics in the habitat use patterns exhibited by different species. Bird territories showed a non‐random inter‐specific spatial aggregation pattern. We studied territory abundance variation in the three more abundant species: the corn bunting, the crested lark, and the fan‐tailed warbler. Crested lark and fan‐tailed warbler territories were more abundant in plots where corn bunting territories were present and vice versa, while their respective abundances did not vary with the breeding presence of the other species. We used landscape and agricultural management variables to analyze the relationships between habitat and each species’ breeding territories by means of classification trees. While the corn bunting showed a marked pattern of nesting habitat use, the crested lark and the fan‐tailed warbler exhibited a much more generalist one. Corn Bunting presence was affected negatively by intensification‐related variables, such as field size and percent cover of cereal crops. Similarly, the presence of crested larks was negatively related to high yielding areas. However, when the presence of hetero‐specific territories was considered, the presence of corn bunting territories was the most important variable explaining the occurrence of breeding fan‐tailed warblers, and the second most important in the case of the crested lark. These results suggest that inter‐specific attraction could play a role in the formation of farmland bird assemblages, while adding further evidence for the detrimental effect of agricultural intensification at the community level.
Soziales Kapital und Gesundheit im städtischen Raum
Authors: Dragano Nico 
Published: April 2012

EinleitungDas Zusammenleben in Städten schafft eigene soziale Realitäten. Daraus kann sich soziales Kapital bilden, das je nach Ausprägung die Gesundheit günstig oder ungünstig beeinflussen kann. Soziales Kapital äußert sich etwa in Vertrauen und sozialem Rückhalt, beides psychische Ressourcen mit gesundheitsförderlicher Wirkung. Ebenfalls nachgewiesen sind Effekte die durch kollektives Verhalten, die Akzeptanz von gesundheitsbezogenen Normen oder durch praktische Formen der Nachbarschaftshilfe entstehen.
The efficacy of dental therapy for an adult case of Henoch–Schönlein purpura
Authors: Abe Masanobu , Mori Yoshiyuki , Saijo Hideto , Hoshi Kazuto , Ohkubo Kazumi , Ono Takehito , Takato Tsuyoshi 
Published: April 2012

AbstractHenoch–Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a disease that involves palpable purpura on the skin, joint pain, and gastrointestinal problems. An acute bacterial infection is one of the causes of HSP. Odontogenic infectious diseases have also been implicated in causing HSP. However, there are only a few reports describing the correlation between HSP and odontogenic infectious diseases. The present study describes a case in which a patient was cured of HSP following dental treatment.