bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy and correlates of visual and verbal instruments assessing maternal perceptions of children's weight status: the Healthy Growth Study
Authors: Moschonis George , Iatridi Vasiliki , Mavrogianni Christina , Siatitsa Paraskevi-Eirini , Kyriakou Aikaterini E , Dede Vasiliki , Skouli Georgia , Sakellaropoulou Afroditi , Manios Yannis 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the accuracy of maternal ability to classify their children's weight status correctly using a verbal and a visual classification instrument and to detect significant correlates of maternal misperceptions.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingPrimary schools in four counties from north, west, central and south Greece.SubjectsA representative sample of 1858 primary-school children aged 9–13 years was examined. Two different instruments to assess maternal perceptions of their children's weight status, i.e. a verbal and a visual one, were used.ResultsVerbal and visual maternal underestimation rates of children's weight status were 15·0 % and 41·3 %, respectively. The frequency of underestimation was much higher among overweight and obese children for both instruments. The highest underestimation rates of 87·9 % and 82·1 % in overweight and obese boys, respectively, were obtained with the visual instrument. Multiple logistic regression modelling revealed that the likelihood of both verbal and visual maternal underestimation of their children's weight status was significantly higher for overweight mothers and for those with a lower educational level. Furthermore, children's male gender and a nanny or someone other than the mother as the child's primary caregiver were found to increase the odds of visual and verbal maternal underestimation of children's weight status, respectively.ConclusionsThe present study showed that the verbal instrument used to assess maternal perceptions of their children's weight status was more accurate compared with the visual one. However, both instruments showed that a considerable number of overweight and obese boys had their weight status underestimated by their mothers. Educating mothers to classify their children's weight status correctly might be a key factor for the implementation of successful childhood obesity prevention initiatives.
The dilemma of healthy eating and environmental sustainability: the case of fish
Authors: Clonan Angie , Holdsworth Michelle , Swift Judy A , Leibovici Didier , Wilson Paul 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveDespite widespread concern over exploitation of the European Union's fish stocks, dietary guidelines in the UK continue to recommend two portions of fish per week. The present study sought to investigate whether health and/or sustainability are motivating factors when purchasing and consuming fish and whether there are sociodemographic trends.DesignA structured, self-completion postal questionnaire exploring consumers’ attitudes towards purchasing fish, their dietary intake, stated purchasing behaviour and sociodemographic information.SettingNottinghamshire, UK.SubjectsAdults from 842 households randomly selected from the electoral register.ResultsOver half of the participants (57·0 %) were aware of the health benefits of fish consumption and reported health as a primary motivator for purchasing fish; however, only 26·8 % actively sought to purchase fish from a sustainable source (e.g. Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) certified fish). Only 30·6 % of participants met current dietary recommendations for fish intake. Older respondents (>60 years of age) were more likely to report purchasing fish for health reasons and to buy MSC fish. Participants were significantly less likely to report MSC purchases if they agreed with the statement ‘I am confused about which type of fish I should be eating to protect fish stocks’ (P< 0·001).ConclusionsThe number of consumers purchasing fish for health reasons was more than those seeking sustainably sourced fish; yet, they still failed to meet the recommended intake set by the Food Standards Agency. Dietary advice to the public to increase consumption of fish conflicts with the prevailing pressure on fish stocks. Clear advice should be communicated enabling consumers to meet nutritional needs while protecting fish stocks.
Soliton spheres
Authors: Bohle Christoph , Peters G. Paul 
Published: May 2011

Soliton spheres are immersed 2–spheres in the conformal 4–sphereS4=HP1S^4=\mathbb {HP}^1that allow rational, conformal parametrizationsf:CP1→HP1f\colon \mathbb {CP}^1\rightarrow \mathbb {HP}^1obtained via twistor projection and dualization from rational curves inCP2n+1\mathbb {CP}^{2n+1}. Soliton spheres can be characterized as the case of equality in the quaternionic Plücker estimate. A special class of soliton spheres introduced by Taimanov are immersions into R3\mathbb {R}^3with rotationally symmetric Weierstrass potentials that are related to solitons of the mKdV–equation via the ZS–AKNS linear problem. We show that Willmore spheres and Bryant spheres with smooth ends are further examples of soliton spheres. The possible values of the Willmore energy for soliton spheres in the 3–sphere are proven to beW=4πdW=4\pi dwithd∈N∖{0,2,3,5,7}d\in \mathbb {N}\backslash \{0,2,3,5,7\}. The same quantization was previously known individually for each of the three special classes of soliton spheres mentioned above.
Phosphate Utilization Efficiency Correlates with Expression of Low-Affinity Phosphate Transporters and Noncoding RNA, IPS1, in Barley
Authors: Huang Chun Y. , Shirley Neil , Genc Yusuf , Shi Bujun , Langridge Peter 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Genetic variation in phosphorus (P) efficiency exists among wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes, but the underlying mechanisms for the variation remain elusive. High- and low-affinity phosphate (Pi) PHT1 transporters play an indispensable role in P acquisition and remobilization. However, little is known about genetic variation in PHT1 gene expression and association with P acquisition efficiency (PAE) and P utilization efficiency (PUE). Here, we present quantitative analyses of transcript levels of high- and low-affinity PHT1 Pi transporters in four barley genotypes differing in PAE. The results showed that there was no clear pattern in the expression of four paralogs of the high-affinity Pi transporter HvPHT1;1 among the four barley genotypes, but the expression of a low-affinity Pi transporter, HvPHT1;6, and its close homolog HvHPT1;3 was correlated with the genotypes differing in PUE. Interestingly, the expression of HvPHT1;6 and HvPHT1;3 was correlated with the expression of HvIPS1 (for P starvation inducible; noncoding RNA) but not with HvIPS2, suggesting that HvIPS1 plays a distinct role in the regulation of the low-affinity Pi transporters. In addition, high PUE was found to be associated with high root-shoot ratios in low-P conditions, indicating that high carbohydrate partitioning into roots occurs simultaneously with high PUE. However, high PUE accompanying high carbon partitioning into roots could result in low PAE. Therefore, the optimization of PUE through the modification of low-affinity Pi transporter expression may assist further improvement of PAE for low-input agriculture systems.
Identification of an ARGONAUTE for Antiviral RNA Silencing in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Scholthof Herman B. , Alvarado Veria Y. , Vega-Arreguin Julio C. , Ciomperlik Jessica , Odokonyero Denis , Brosseau Chantal , Jaubert Marianne , Zamora Alejandro , Moffett Peter 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
ARGONAUTE proteins (AGOs) are known to be key components of the RNA silencing mechanism in eukaryotes that, among other functions, serves to protect against viral invaders. Higher plants encode at least 10 individual AGOs yet the role played by many in RNA silencing-related antiviral defense is largely unknown, except for reports that AGO1, AGO2, and AGO7 play an antiviral role in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In the plant virus model host Nicotiana benthamiana, Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) P19 suppressor mutants are very susceptible to RNA silencing. Here, we report that a N. benthamiana AGO (NbAGO) with similarity to Arabidopsis AGO2, is involved in antiviral defense against TBSV. The activity of this NbAGO2 is shown to be directly associated with anti-TBSV RNA silencing, while its inactivation does not influence silencing of transiently expressed transgenes. Thus, the role of NbAGO2 might be primarily for antiviral defense.
Steroid 21‐hydroxylase gene mutational spectrum in 454 Argentinean patients: genotype–phenotype correlation in a large cohort of patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Marino Roxana , Ramirez Pablo , Galeano Jesica , Perez Garrido Natalia , Rocco Carlos , Ciaccio Marta , Warman Diana M. , Guercio Gabriela , Chaler Eduardo , Maceiras Mercedes , Bergadá Ignacio , Gryngarten Mirta , Balbi Viviana , Pardes Esther , Rivarola Marco A. , Belgorosky Alicia 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjective  To report genotype–phenotype correlation in a large cohort of patients.Context  Study of the CYP21A2 gene in 866 unrelated chromosomes of 21‐hydroxylase deficiency in Argentinean patients with classic and nonclassic (NC) forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).Methods  Eleven most common mutations were analysed by allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) or southern blot analysis. Gene sequencing was performed when no mutation was detected in one allele or the genotype–phenotype correlation was lacking.Results  The 11‐most‐common‐mutation screening allowed for the detection of 88·1% of affected alleles (80·3% in the NC and 95·2% in the classic forms). p.V281L, IVS2‐13A/C>G (In2) and gene deletions and large gene conversions were the most prevalent mutations. In2 (35·2%) in salt wasting (SW), p.I172N (37·3%) in simple virilizing and p.V281L (54·1%) in NC CAH were the most prevalent mutations within the clinical forms. In 7/15 p.P30L mutation alleles, a chimeric CYP21A1P/CYP21A2 gene [PromCYP21A1P; p.P30L] was detected, while 6/15 represented a single‐nucleotide substitution, and in 2/15 linkage with mutations, p.[P30L; V281L] and [p.P30L; IVS2‐13A/C > G; p.Q318X] was found. In two SW patients, a novel nonsense mutation, p.Q41X, was observed. In three p.V281L mutation patients, the phenotype was more severe than predicted by genotype. Sequence analysis revealed an intronic alteration in the allele carrying the p.V281L mutation [IVS2 + 5G > A; p.V281L]. An aberrant splicing in this p.V281L mutated allele explains the clinical phenotype.Conclusions  A high percentage of CYP21A2 affected alleles is detected by the 11‐mutation screening study. Genotype–phenotype correlation was high, but when the phenotype is more severe than predicted by genotype, presence of two alterations in one allele should be ruled out.
Plasma and pulmonary disposition of ceftiofur and its metabolites after intramuscular administration of ceftiofur crystalline free acid in weanling foals
Authors: CREDILLE B. C. , GIGUÈRE S. , BERGHAUS L. J. , BURTON A. J. , STURGILL T. L. , GROVER G. S. , DONECKER J. M. , BROWN S. A. 
Published: May 2011

Credille, B. C., Giguère, S., Berghaus, L. J., Burton, A. J., Sturgill, T. L., Grover, G. S., Donecker, J. M., Brown, S. A. Plasma and pulmonary disposition of ceftiofur and its metabolites after intramuscular administration of ceftiofur crystalline free acid in weanling foals.J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 35, 259–264.The objectives of this study were to determine the plasma and pulmonary disposition of ceftiofur crystalline free acid (CCFA) in weanling foals and to compare the plasma pharmacokinetic profile of weanling foals to that of adult horses. A single dose of CCFA was administered intramuscularly to six weanling foals and six adult horses at a dose of 6.6 mg/kg of body weight. Concentrations of desfuroylceftiofur acetamide (DCA) were determined in the plasma of all animals, and in pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells of foals. After intramuscular (IM) administration to foals, median time to maximum plasma and PELF concentrations was 24 h (12–48 h). Mean (±SD) peak DCA concentration in plasma (1.44 ± 0.46 μg/mL) was significantly higher than that in PELF (0.46 ± 0.03 μg/mL) and BAL cells (0.024 ± 0.011 μg/mL). Time above the therapeutic target of 0.2 μg/mL was significantly longer in plasma (185 ± 20 h) than in PELF (107 ± 31 h). The concentration of DCA in BAL cells did not reach the therapeutic level. Adult horses had significantly lower peak plasma concentrations and area under the curve compared to foals. Based on the results of this study, CCFA administered IM at 6.6 mg/kg in weanling foals provided plasma and PELF concentrations above the therapeutic target of 0.2 μg/mL for at least 4 days and would be expected to be an effective treatment for pneumonia caused byStreptococcus equisubsp.zooepidemicusat doses similar to the adult label.
Bacterial chemotaxis towards aromatic hydrocarbons in Pseudomonas
Authors: Lacal Jesús , Muñoz‐Martínez Francisco , Reyes‐Darías José‐Antonio , Duque Estrella , Matilla Miguel , Segura Ana , Calvo José‐J. Ortega , Jímenez‐Sánchez Celía , Krell Tino , Ramos Juan L. 
Published: May 2011

SummaryBacterial chemotaxis is an adaptive behaviour, which requires sophisticated information‐processing capabilities that cause motile bacteria to either move towards or flee from chemicals. Pseudomonas putida DOT‐T1E exhibits the capability to move towards different aromatic hydrocarbons present at a wide range of concentrations. The chemotactic response is mediated by the McpT chemoreceptor encoded by the pGRT1 megaplasmid. Two alleles of mcpT are borne on this plasmid and inactivation of either one led to loss of this chemotactic phenotype. Cloning of mcpT into a plasmid complemented not only the mcpT mutants but also its transfer to other Pseudomonas conferred chemotactic response to high concentrations of toluene and other chemicals. Therefore, the phenomenon of chemotaxis towards toxic compounds at high concentrations is gene‐dose dependent. In vitro experiments show that McpT is methylated by CheR and McpT net methylation was diminished in the presence of hydrocarbons, what influences chemotactic movement towards these chemicals.
School competence and emotional/behavioral problems among Norwegian school children as rated by teachers on the Teacher Report Form
Authors: LARSSON BO , DRUGLI MAY BRITT 
Published: May 2011

Larsson, B. (2011). School competence and emotional/behavioral problems among Norwegian school children as rated by teachers on the Teacher Report Form. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 52, 553–559.Of 1,409 eligible children aged 6–13 years in grades 1 to 7 who were randomly selected from a national sample of Norwegian schools, 858 participated in the present study (60.9%). The sample was stratified by school centrality, region and size of grade cohort. The teachers assessed their children’s academic performance, adaptive school functioning, and levels of emotional/behavioral problems using the 2001 version of the Teacher Report Form (TRF). Only one child was randomly selected from each grade cohort. Girls had significantly higher scores than boys in the Working Hard, Appropriate Behavior, Learning, and Total Adaptive Functioning domains. For girls, only the Working Hard domain was of medium effect size. While boys had significantly higher scores than girls on Attention, Thought Problems, Rule‐Breaking, Aggression, Externalizing Problems and Total problems, only Attention Problems showed a medium effect size. Significant sex by age interaction effects were also found for Rule‐Breaking, Externalizing, Internalizing, Anxious‐Depressed and Total Problems. In all these comparisons, 10–13‐year‐old boys had significantly higher scores than 6–9‐year olds, while girls had similar problem levels across age groups. Our mean Total Problems score (17.2) was lower than the grand mean (21.6) reported in a multi‐country comparison but higher than in another Norwegian large‐scale survey. Overall, our findings indicate that teachers in Scandinavia report, just as do parents, relatively low levels of emotional/behavioral problems among school‐aged children.
The effect of a corticosteroid cream and a barrier‐strengthening moisturizer in hand eczema. A double‐blind, randomized, prospective, parallel group clinical trial
Authors: Lodén M. , Wirén K. , Smerud K.T. , Meland N. , Hønnås H. , Mørk G. , Lützow‐Holm C. , Funk J. , Meding B. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackground  Hand eczema is a common and persistent disease with a relapsing course. Clinical data suggest that once daily treatment with corticosteroids is just as effective as twice daily treatment.Objectives  The aim of this study was to compare once and twice daily applications of a strong corticosteroid cream in addition to maintenance therapy with a moisturizer in patients with a recent relapse of hand eczema.Methods  The study was a parallel, double‐blind, randomized, clinical trial on 44 patients. Twice daily application of a strong corticosteroid cream (betamethasone valerate 0.1%) was compared with once daily application, where a urea‐containing moisturizer was substituted for the corticosteroid cream in the morning. The investigator scored the presence of eczema and the patients judged the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), which measures how much the patient’s skin problem has affected his/her life over the past week. The patients also judged the severity of their eczema daily on a visual analogue scale.Results  Both groups improved in terms of eczema and DLQI. However, the clinical scoring demonstrated that once daily application of corticosteroid was superior to twice daily application in diminishing eczema, especially in the group of patients with lower eczema scores at inclusion.Conclusions  Twice daily use of corticosteroids was not superior to once daily use in treating eczema. On the contrary, the clinical assessment showed a larger benefit from once daily treatment compared with twice daily, especially in the group of patients with a moderate eczema at inclusion.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Culture Filtrate Protein 10-Specific Effector/Memory CD4+and CD8+T Cells in Tubercular Pleural Fluid, with Biased Usage of T Cell Receptor Vβ Chains
Authors: Qiao Dan , Li Li , Guo Jian , Lao Suihua , Zhang Xianlan , Zhang Jianping , Wu Changyou 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTT cell-mediated immunity is critical for the control ofMycobacterium tuberculosisinfection. Identifying the precise immune mechanisms that lead to control of initialM. tuberculosisinfection and preventing reactivation of latent infection are crucial for combating tuberculosis. However, a detailed understanding of the role of T cells in the immune response to infection has been hindered. In addition, there are few flow cytometry studies characterizing the Vβ repertoires of T cell receptors (TCRs) at local sites ofM. tuberculosisinfection in adult tuberculosis. In this study, we used culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP-10) fromM. tuberculosisto characterize T cells at local sites of infection. We simultaneously analyzed the correlation of the production of cytokines with TCR Vβ repertoires in CFP-10-specific CD4+and CD8+T cell subsets. For the first time, we demonstrate that CFP-10-specific CD4+or CD8+T cells from tubercular pleural fluid can produce high levels of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and upregulate the expression of CD107a/b on the cell surface. The CFP-10-specific cells were effector/memory cells with a CD45RO+CD62L−CCR7−CD27−expression profile. In addition, we found CFP-10-specific CD4+and CD8+T cells in tubercular pleural fluid, with biased usage of TCR Vβ9, Vβ12, or Vβ7.2. Our findings of CFP-10-specific CD4+and CD8+T cells in tubercular pleural fluid are critical for understanding the mechanisms of the local cellular immune response and developing more effective therapeutic interventions in cases ofM. tuberculosisinfection.
Intranuclear inclusions in epithelial cells of benign proliferative breast lesions
Authors: Harada Oi , Hoe Rebecca , Lin Jieyan , Thike Aye Aye , Jara-Lazaro Ana Richelia , Petersson Fredrik , Tan Puay Hoon 
Published: May 2011

AimTo document and clarify the nature of intranuclear inclusions of luminal epithelium in benign proliferative breast lesions.Methods and resultsFive benign breast lesions were selected which showed intranuclear inclusions within epithelial cells on light microscopy. Following confirmation of their luminal epithelial (non-myoepithelial) localisation by immunohistochemistry, ultrastructural examination was performed with the following observations: (1) presence of deep nuclear indentations occasionally verging on nuclear inclusions; (2) inclusions with features of helioid bodies; and (3) a morphological spectrum of helioid bodies and their focal coexistence.ConclusionIntranuclear inclusions of breast epithelium are likely of cytoplasmic origin. Helioid bodies may be formed by a stepwise process, the nature of which needs further study.
Clinical anatomy and 3D virtual reconstruction of the lumbar plexus with respect to lumbar surgery
Authors: Lu Sheng , Chang Shan , Zhang Yuan-zhi , Ding Zi-hai , Xu Xin Ming , Xu Yong-qing 
Published: May 2011

Abstract

Background
Exposure of the anterior or lateral lumbar via the retroperitoneal approach easily causes injuries to the lumbar plexus. Lumbar plexus injuries which occur during anterior or transpsoas lumbar spine exposure and placement of instruments have been reported. This study aims is to provide more anatomical data and surgical landmarks in operations concerning the lumbar plexus in order to prevent lumbar plexus injuries and to increase the possibility of safety in anterior approach lumbar surgery.

Methods
To study the applied anatomy related to the lumbar plexus of fifteen formaldehyde-preserved cadavers, Five sets of Virtual Human (VH) data set were prepared and used in the study. Three-dimensional (3D) computerized reconstructions of the lumbar plexus and their adjacent structures were conducted from the VH female data set.

Results
The order of lumbar nerves is regular. From the anterior view, lumbar plexus nerves are arranged from medial at L5 to lateral at L2. From the lateral view, lumbar nerves are arranged from ventral at L2 to dorsal at L5. The angle of each nerve root exiting outward to the corresponding intervertebral foramen increases from L1 to L5. The lumbar plexus nerves are observed to be in close contact with transverse processes (TP). All parts of the lumbar plexus were located by sectional anatomy in the dorsal third of the psoas muscle. Thus, access to the psoas major muscle at the ventral 2/3 region can safely prevent nerve injuries. 3D reconstruction of the lumbar plexus based on VCH data can clearly show the relationships between the lumbar plexus and the blood vessels, vertebral body, kidney, and psoas muscle.

Conclusion
The psoas muscle can be considered as a surgical landmark since incision at the ventral 2/3 of the region can prevent lumbar plexus injuries for procedures requiring exposure of the lateral anterior of the lumbar. The transverse process can be considered as a landmark and reference in surgical operations by its relative position to the lumbar plexus. 3D reconstructions of the lumbar plexus based on VCH data provide a virtual morphological basis for anterior lumbar surgery.