bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Interaction of the Triple Combination of Amphotericin B, Ciprofloxacin, and Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils against Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Stergiopoulou Theodouli , Meletiadis Joseph , Sein Tin , Papaioannidou Paraskevi , Walsh Thomas J. , Roilides Emmanuel 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

Aspergillus
is damaged by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) by means of nonoxidative and oxidative mechanisms, which may be affected by antifungal and antibacterial agents that patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis often receive. The pharmacodynamic interactions among deoxycholate amphotericin B (AMB), ciprofloxacin (CIP), and human PMNs against
Aspergillus fumigatus
growth are unknown. We therefore studied the interactions between 0.032 to 2.0 μg/ml of AMB, 0.1 to 50 μg/ml of CIP at a fixed AMB/CIP ratio of 1:3.125, and PMNs from six donors at an effector-to-target (E:T) ratio of 400:1 against a clinical
A. fumigatus
isolate using an XTT metabolic assay and the Bliss independence pharmacodynamic-interaction model. CIP exhibited no antifungal activity alone or in combination with PMNs. Synergy was found between AMB and PMNs, with interaction indices (II) of 0.06 to 0.21; the highest interaction of 21% ± 3.6% was observed at 0.22 ± 0.09 μg/ml of AMB. The AMB and CIP (AMB+CIP) combination was synergistic (II = 0.39) at low AMB concentrations and antagonistic (II = 1.39) at high AMB concentrations, with a maximal synergistic interaction of 16% ± 3.7% observed at 0.16 ± 0.08 μg/ml of AMB. The triple combination AMB+CIP+PMNs was synergistic, with interaction indices of 0.05 to 0.20, and a maximal synergistic interaction of 24% ± 4% was observed at 0.20 ± 0.07 μg/ml of AMB. The increased percentage of Bliss synergy of the triple combination AMB+CIP+PMNs (24% ± 4%) was the product of those of the constituent double combinations AMB+PMNs (21% ± 3.6%) and AMB+CIP (16% ± 3.7%). Thus, the antifungal activity of AMB, at clinically relevant concentrations, was enhanced in combination with PMNs and CIP against
A. fumigatus
growth in a concentration-dependent manner.
Genome Sequence of Pasteurella multocida subsp. gallicida Anand1_poultry
Authors: Ahir V. B. , Roy A. , Jhala M. K. , Bhanderi B. B. , Mathakiya R. A. , Bhatt V. D. , Padiya K. B. , Jakhesara S. J. , Koringa P. G. , Joshi C. G. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

We report the finished and annotated genome sequence of
Pasteurella multocida gallicida
strain Anand1_poultry, which was isolated from the liver of a diseased adult female chicken. The strain causes a disease called “fowl cholera,” which is a contagious disease in birds. We compared it with the published genome sequence of
Pasteurella multocida
Pm70.
Sensitivity, Structure, and Dynamics of Singular Vectors Associated with Hurricane Helene (2006)
Authors: Lang Simon T. K. , Jones Sarah C. , Leutbecher Martin , Peng Melinda S. , Reynolds Carolyn A. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The sensitivity of singular vectors (SVs) associated with Hurricane Helene (2006) to resolution and diabatic processes is investigated. Furthermore, the dynamics of their growth are analyzed. The SVs are calculated using the tangent linear and adjoint model of the integrated forecasting system (IFS) of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts with a spatial resolution up to TL255 (~80 km) and 48-h optimization time. The TL255 moist (diabatic) SVs possess a three-dimensional spiral structure with significant horizontal and vertical upshear tilt within the tropical cyclone (TC). Also, their amplitude is larger than that of dry and lower-resolution SVs closer to the center of Helene. Both higher resolution and diabatic processes result in stronger growth being associated with the TC compared to other flow features. The growth of the SVs in the vicinity of Helene is associated with baroclinic and barotropic mechanisms. The combined effect of higher resolution and diabatic processes leads to significant differences of the SV structure and growth dynamics within the core and in the vicinity of the TC. If used to initialize ensemble forecasts with the IFS, the higher-resolution moist SVs cause larger spread of the wind speed, track, and intensity of Helene than their lower-resolution or dry counterparts. They affect the outflow of the TC more strongly, resulting in a larger downstream impact during recurvature. Increasing the resolution or including diabatic effects degrades the linearity of the SVs. While the impact of diabatic effects on the linearity is small at low resolution, it becomes large at high resolution.
Additional Use of Glycated Hemoglobin for Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes in People Undergoing Coronary Angiography Reveals a Subgroup at Increased Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Silbernagel Guenther , Kleber Marcus E. , Grammer Tanja B. , Winkelmann Bernhard R. , Boehm Bernhard O. , März Winfried 
Published: September 2011

OBJECTIVE
To study the prognosis of people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes as per the American Diabetes Association (ADA) 2010 definition but without diabetes as per the ADA 2009 definition.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 2,002 participants of the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) study without a history of diabetes were studied.

RESULTS
During the follow-up of a mean duration ± SD of 7.7 ± 2.0 years, 346 people died (202 cardiovascular deaths). Subjects with type 2 diabetes as per the ADA 2009 definition (n = 468) had significantly increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality compared with people without diabetes as per the ADA 2010 definition (both P ≤ 0.003). Subjects with type 2 diabetes as per the ADA 2010 definition but without diabetes as per the ADA 2009 definition (n = 150) were at significantly increased risk to die of cardiovascular diseases (P = 0.029).

CONCLUSIONS
Use of the ADA 2010 diabetes definition may be instrumental in improving cardiovascular risk stratification in people undergoing coronary angiography.
Beyond the Flatline
Authors: Jacob Sam 
Published: September 2011

AbstractHigh Post‐Modernism with its understanding of the significance of the image anticipated the flattening of culture, first in advertising and the printed media, and more recently online. Sam Jacob of FAT speculates on architecture's relationship with the Internet, ‘a flatland of undifferentiated information’, and how Radical Post‐Modernism might be best placed to resist the ubiquity of global culture while reanimating the social and cultural agenda of Modernism and Post‐Modernism. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Too Good to Be True: The Survival of English Everyday PoMo
Authors: Rattenbury Kester 
Published: September 2011

Abstract‘Intelligent, eclectic, witty, profoundly humanistic, and keen to debunk an inflexible, elitist and dangerously authoritarian Modernism’: Kester Rattenbury evokes the spirit of early British Post‐Modernism. She reminds us of how in the early 1980s it spearheaded a spirited community architecture that played a strategic role in protest against wholesale, motorway‐led redevelopments and the survival of Convent Garden. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organic Photorefractive Materials and Applications
Authors: Köber Sebastian , Salvador Michael , Meerholz Klaus 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis review describes recent advances and applications in the field of organic photorefractive materials, an interesting area in the field of organic electronics and promising candidate for various aspects of photonic applications. We describe the current state of knowledge about the processes involved in the formation of photorefractive gratings in organic materials and focus on the chemical and photo‐physical aspects of the material structures employed in low glass‐transition temperature amorphous composites and organic photorefractive glasses. State‐of‐the art materials are highlighted and recent demonstrations of photonic applications relying on the reversible holographic nature of the photorefractive materials are discussed.
Reduced insular γ‐aminobutyric acid in fibromyalgia
Authors: Foerster Bradley R. , Petrou Myria , Edden Richard A. E. , Sundgren Pia C. , Schmidt‐Wilcke Tobias , Lowe Suzan E. , Harte Steven E. , Clauw Daniel J. , Harris Richard E. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectiveRecent scientific findings have reinvigorated interest in examining the role of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory central nervous system neurotransmitter, in chronic pain conditions. Decreased inhibitory neurotransmission is a proposed mechanism in the pathophysiology of chronic pain syndromes such as fibromyalgia (FM). The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that decreased levels of insular and anterior cingulate GABA would be present in FM patients, and that the concentration of this neurotransmitter would be correlated with pressure–pain thresholds.MethodsSixteen FM patients and 17 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls underwent pressure–pain testing and a 3T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy session in which the right anterior insula, right posterior insula, anterior cingulate, and occipital cortex were examined in subjects at rest.ResultsGABA levels in the right anterior insula were significantly lower in FM patients compared with healthy controls (mean ± SD 1.17 ± 0.24 arbitrary institutional units versus 1.42 ± 0.32 arbitrary institutional units; P = 0.016). There was a trend toward increased GABA levels in the anterior cingulate of FM patients compared with healthy controls (P = 0.06). No significant differences between groups were detected in the posterior insula or occipital cortex (P > 0.05 for all comparisons). Within the right posterior insula, higher levels of GABA were positively correlated with pressure–pain thresholds in the FM patients (Spearman's rho = 0.63; P = 0.02).ConclusionDiminished inhibitory neurotransmission resulting from lower concentrations of GABA within the right anterior insula may play a role in the pathophysiology of FM and other central pain syndromes.
Modeling of activated sludge transient behavior induced by regulation of carbon and nitrogen metabolism
Authors: Lavallée B. , Lessard P. , Vanrolleghem P. A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAn experimental protocol to evaluate the structured biomass model proposed by Lavallée (Lavallée, Lessard, and Vanrolleghem, J Environ Eng Sci 2005;4:517–532) is presented. The protocol was devised to induce transient behavior and characterize the evolution of several internal biomass components. The proposed model is based on biochemical principles, and was fitted to the collected data. In these experiments, it was observed that filling the storage capacity of cells leads to special transient behavior, including a temporarily reduced metabolic activity. The model‐based interpretation of the results showed that the observed transient behavior can be explained by cross‐regulation of carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Hence, according to an extensive literature review, the cross‐regulation of carbon and nitrogen can be used to model some observed transient behaviors and regulation of the storage process in activated sludge. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011
Clinical evaluation of the signal‐to‐cutoff ratios of hepatitis C virus antibody screening tests used in China
Authors: Wu Shiji , Liu Yanling , Cheng Liming , Yin Botao , Peng Jing , Sun Ziyong 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe clinical diagnosis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is important to direct an accurate course of therapy. Previous studies have reported a correlation between the signal‐to‐cutoff (S/CO) ratios of the anti‐HCV screening test and confirm HCV infections for American anti‐HCV screening kits as well as for those in China. It is currently unknown whether clinical laboratories use the same threshold S/CO ratios under routine conditions and if these values are acceptable for the analysis of Chinese samples. A total of 336 anti‐HCV screening‐test‐positive serum samples were tested in duplicate using different lots of three most commonly used enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kits available in China. Samples were also tested using the Architect Anti‐HCV chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) kit and measured for HCV RNA. Recombinant immunoblot assays (RIBA) were additionally performed on samples with HCV RNA‐negative results with RIBA HCV 3.0. The relationship between S/CO ratios and confirmed HCV infection rates were analyzed. The threshold S/CO ratio for each screening kit correlated with the ≥95% positive predictive value was InTec 12.0, KHB 4.0, Wantai 5.0, and Abbott Architect 5.0. Therefore, the same threshold S/CO ratios for manufactured domestically EIA kits was difficult to attain. A multi‐center study with a large sample size is required to identify a uniform threshold S/CO ratio for use in different diagnostic laboratories. Alternatively, individual laboratories may be required to establish threshold S/CO ratios in their own laboratories to obtain consistent diagnostic results. J. Med. Virol. 83:1930–1937, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Possible association of lower rate of postherpetic neuralgia in patients on anti‐tumor necrosis factor‐α
Authors: Javed Saba , Kamili Qurat‐Ul‐Ain , Mendoza Natalia , Tyring Stephen K. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractRecently, a study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis who developed herpes zoster while taking a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α inhibitor reported a decreased incidence of postherpetic neuralgia. The objective of this study was to investigate whether patients on TNF‐α inhibitors who developed herpes zoster have a lower incidence of subsequent development of postherpetic neuralgia. A retrospective review of herpes zoster patients on TNF‐α inhibitors (infliximab, etanercept, or adalimumab) was conducted in 12 dermatology clinics. Medical records of such patients were reviewed thoroughly to confirm herpes zoster and TNF‐α inhibitors and any subsequent development of postherpetic neuralgia (pain score ≥3 out of 10 after 90 days of shingles onset) was noted. A total of 206 cases were reviewed, of which only 2 cases (<1%) developed postherpetic neuralgia, a considerably lower incidence rate than noted in the literature. Increasing age is a known risk factor in the development of postherpetic neuralgia. However, of the 58 (28.1%) cases ≥70 years of age, only 1 patient (1.7%) developed neuralgia compared to approximately 50% of patients who develop postherpetic neuralgia in this age group as reported in the literature. Treatment with TNF‐α inhibitors may be associated with a lower incidence of postherpetic neuralgia but further prospective large‐scale studies are needed to confirm this data. J. Med. Virol. 83:2051–2055, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Behavior of sandwich beams with functionally graded rubber core in three point bending
Authors: Doddamani M.R. , Kulkarni S.M. , Kishore  
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe three‐point bending behavior of sandwich beams made up of jute epoxy skins and piecewise linear functionally graded (FG) rubber core reinforced with fly ash filler is investigated. This work studies the influence of the parameters such as weight fraction of fly ash, core to thickness ratio, and orientation of jute on specific bending modulus and strength. The load displacement response of the sandwich is traced to evaluate the specific modulus and strength. FG core samples are prepared by using conventional casting technique and sandwich by hand layup. Presence of gradation is quantified experimentally. Results of bending test indicate that specific modulus and strength are primarily governed by filler content and core to sandwich thickness ratio. FG sandwiches with different gradation configurations (uniform, linear, and piecewise linear) are modeled using finite element analysis (ANSYS 5.4) to evaluate specific strength which is subsequently compared with the experimental results and the best gradation configuration is presented. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Use of pancreatic duct stents after pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Schulick Richard D. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAfter pancreaticoduodenectomy, the pancreatic anastomosis carries the highest risk of leak and cause of morbidity and mortality. In this review article, three randomized controlled clinical trials and a fourth prospective trial focused on pancreaticoduodenectomy that contribute to level‐one evidence are examined. The Johns Hopkins group demonstrated that internal pancreatic duct stenting did not decrease the frequency or severity of postoperative pancreatic fistulas. The Queen Mary Hospital group demonstrated that external drainage of the pancreatic duct with a stent reduced the leakage rate of pancreaticojejunostomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy. The University of Athens group demonstrated that internal stenting of the pancreaticojejunostomy anastomosis did not reduce the incidence of pancreatic fistula and related complications. Finally, the French Surgery Research Group demonstrated that the use of an external stent through the pancreatic anastomosis reduced the pancreatic fistula rate. In summary, two studies do not demonstrate an advantage to the use of internal pancreatic duct stents and two studies demonstrate a possible advantage to the use of external pancreatic duct stents, especially in highest risk patients with soft glands and small pancreatic ducts.
Shear instability in a stratified fluid when shear and stratification are not aligned
Authors: Candelier Julien , Le Dizès Stéphane , Millet Christophe 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe effect of an inclination angle of the shear with respect to the stratification on the linear properties of the shear instability is examined in the work. For this purpose, we consider a two-dimensional plane Bickley jet of width$L$and maximum velocity${U}_{0} $in a stably stratified fluid of constant Brunt–Väisälä frequency$N$in an inviscid and Boussinesq framework. The plane of the jet is assumed to be inclined with an angle$\theta $with respect to the vertical direction of stratification. The stability analysis is performed using both numerical and theoretical methods for all the values of$\theta $and Froude number$F= {U}_{0} / (LN)$. We first obtain that the most unstable mode is always a two-dimensional Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) sinuous mode. The condition of stability based on the Richardson number$Ri\gt 1/ 4$, which reads here$F\lt 3 \sqrt{3} / 2$, is recovered for$\theta = 0$. But when$\theta \not = 0$, that is, when the directions of shear and stratification are not perfectly aligned, the Bickley jet is found to be unstable for all Froude numbers. We show that two modes are involved in the stability properties. We demonstrate that when$F$is decreased below$3 \sqrt{3} / 2$, there is a ‘jump’ from one two-dimensional sinuous mode to another. For small Froude numbers, we show that the shear instability of the inclined jet is similar to that of a horizontal jet but with a ‘horizontal’ length scale${L}_{h} = L/ \sin \theta $. In this regime, the characteristics (oscillation frequency, growth rate, wavenumber) of the most unstable mode are found to be proportional to$\sin \theta $. For large Froude numbers, the shear instability of the inclined jet is similar to that of a vertical jet with the same scales but with a different Froude number,${F}_{v} = F/ \hspace *{-.1pc}\cos \theta $. It is argued that these results could be valid for any type of shear flow.
Mini-Nutritional Assessment predicts functional decline of elderly Taiwanese: result of a population-representative sample
Authors: Lee Li-Chin , Tsai Alan C. 
Published: September 2011

Nutrition is a key element in geriatric health and is important for functional ability. The present study examined the functional status-predictive ability of the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA). We analysed the dataset of the ‘Survey of Health and Living Status of the Elderly in Taiwan’, a population-based study conducted by the Bureau of Health Promotion of Taiwan. Study subjects ( ≥ 65 years old) who completed both the 1999 and 2003 surveys were rated with the long form and short form of the MNA at baseline and with the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and the Instrument Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scales 4 years later (end-point). The ability of the MNA to predict ADL or IADL dependency was evaluated with logistic regression models. The results showed that the elderly who were rated malnourished or at risk of malnutrition at baseline generally had significantly higher ADL or IADL scores 4 years later. Lower baseline MNA scores also predicted a greater risk of ADL or IADL dependency. These associations exist even among the elderly who were free of ADL or IADL dependency at baseline. The results clearly indicate that the MNA is able to predict ADL and IADL dependency (in addition to rating current nutritional status) of the elderly. The MNA, especially the short form, should be a valuable tool for identifying elderly at risk of functional decline and/or malnutrition in clinical practice or community programmes.
Detrital zircon populations in quartzites of the Krkonoše–Jizera Massif: implications for pre-collisional history of the Saxothuringian Domain in the Bohemian Massif
Authors: ŽÁČKOVÁ ELIŠKA , KONOPÁSEK JIŘÍ , KOŠLER JAN , JEŘÁBEK PETR 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAge spectra of detrital zircons from metamorphosed quartzites of the Krkonoše–Jizera Massif in the northeastern part of the Saxothuringian Domain were obtained by U–Pb laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry dating. The zircon ages cluster in the intervals of 450–530 Ma and 550–670 Ma, and show individual data between 1.6 and 3.1 Ga. Zircons in the analysed samples are predominantly of Cambrian–Ordovician and Neoproterozoic age, and the marked peak atc. 525–500 Ma suggests a late Cambrian maximum age for the sedimentary protolith. Detritus of the quartzites probably originated from the erosion of Cambrian–Ordovician granitoids and their Neoproterozoic (meta)sedimentary or magmatic country rocks. The lack of Neoproterozoic (meta)sedimentary rocks in the central and eastern part of the Krkonoše–Jizera Massif suggests that the country rocks to voluminous Cambrian–Ordovician magmatic bodies were largely eroded during the formation of early Palaeozoic rift basins along the southeast passive margin of the Saxothuringian Domain. The detrital zircon age spectra confirm the previous interpretation that the exposed basement, dominated by Neoproterozoic to Cambrian–Ordovician granitoids, was overthrust during Devonian–Carboniferous subduction–collision processes by nappes composed of metamorphosed equivalents of the uppermost Cambrian–Devonian passive margin sedimentary formations. Only a negligible number of Mesoproterozoic ages, typically from the Grenvillian event, supports the interpretation that the Saxothuringian Neoproterozoic basement has an affinity to the West African Craton of the northwestern margin of Gondwana.