bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discrimination between Prey Types: An Innate Component of the Predatory Behaviour of Araneid Spiders
Authors: Robinson Michael H. , Robinson Barbara 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA study was conducted to determine whether the ability of araneid spiders to discriminate (in their attack behaviour) between lepidopteran and non‐lepidopteran prey was innate or learned. Female spiders of two species (Argiope argentata and Argiope aemula) were raised, in captivity, from egg to adult on a diet of dead Drosophilid flies. When presented with grasshoppers and moths as prey, for the first time, as adults, the laboratory raised spiders discriminated between the two types of prey with an accuracy similar to that of experienced wild‐caught adults.ZusammenfassungFrühere Untersuchungen beuteerfahrener adulter ♀♀ zweier Spinnenarten (Argiope argentata, A. aemula) zeigen, daß sie Schmetterlinge anders über‐wältigen als eine Vielzahl anderer Insekten, zwischen beiden Beutetypen also unterscheiden. Die Spinnen greifen Schmetterlinge mit Biß—Einspinnen an, andere Insekten, darunter Heuschrecken und Grillen, durch Einspinnen—Biß.Um herauszufinden, welche Rolle Beuteerfahrung bei dieser Unterscheidung spielt, wurden Spinnen vom Ei bis zum Erwachsenenzustand ohne Erfahrung mit Schmetterlingen oder lebender Beute aufgezogen. Dergestalt unerfahrene Spinnen erhielten Nachtschmetterlinge und Heuschrecken, sowohl lebende wie tote, zum erstenmal als Erwachsene.Sie unterschieden zwischen beiden Beutetypen unabhängig davon, ob sie lebten oder nicht. Wir folgern daraus, daß die Unterscheidung angeboren ist. Die Spinnen unterschieden lebende Schmetterlinge von Heuschrecken genauer als tote. Diese Seite des Fangverhaltens wird erörtert.
Recognition of Territorial Boundaries by Olfactory Cues in Mice (Mus musculus L.)
Authors: Harrington Jonathan E. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractEffects of varying olfactory cues on the behavior of domestic male mice (Mus musculus) towards territorial boundaries were studied. Territories were established by three pairs of ♂♂ in a 154 times 86 times 10 cm Plexiglas pen with a moveable floor. After establishment of territories, the floor was shifted 19 cm a total of 21 times on different days. After 13 of these shifts the floor was subsequently covered with perforated sheet metal. In all 8 of the uncovered shifts, and in 8 of the 13 covered shifts, the mice behaved as though the boundary was moved in the predicted direction and distance. The results indicate that mice can use olfactory cues to recognize territorial boundaries.ZusammenfassungVersuche in einem Käfig mit beweglichem Boden zeigten, daß die Lage der Reviergrenze zwischen zwei Hausmaus‐♂♂ durch Änderung der Geruchs‐ marken am Boden verändert werden kann. Die übrige Situation blieb konstant. Die Geruchsmarken, welche die Grenzen anzeigen, stammen höchstwahrscheinlich aus dem Urin der ♂♂.
Evolutive Neuerungen in der Balz von Haustaubenrassen (Columba livia var. domestica) als Ergebnis menschlicher Zuchtwahl
Authors: Nicolai Jüurgen 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn the course of their evolution domestic animals were selected by man not only for physical characteristics and physiological properties, but also for certain behaviour patterns. This permits us to trace the development of new behaviours during historically documented time. In three pigeon breeds — Swing Pouter, Birmingham Roller, Rhine Ringbeater — the development and evolution of breed‐specific flight manoevers with courtship function under the influence of human selection was examined, and their course reconstructed. Behaviour patterns which in wild animals would have been eliminated through natural selection were able to develop under human protection and selection.
Le comportement reproducteur de Sminthurus viridis (L.) (Collembola, Symphypleona)
Authors: Betsch‐pinot Marie‐christine 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDifferent phases of the reproductive behaviour of Sminthurus viridis are analysed. Stalked spermatophores are deposited by the ♂, but the sperm is transmitted during a primitive courtship.Oviposition consists of characteristic sequences, present in all species which deposit coated eggs. Here, however, the shortness of the sequences results from the eggs being laid in batches and from the frequently dry conditions in the natural biotope of this species.The anatomy of the genital organs of ♂♂ and ♀♀ is described, with a particular study of the genital plate of the ♂ by SEM.
Behavioral Field Study of the Hawaiian Rockskipper, Istiblennius zebra (Teleostei, Blenniidae)
Authors: Phillips R. R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper is an ethogram, describing the basic behavioral repertoire of the Hawaiian rockskipper, Istiblennius zebra. I observed members of a natural population inhabiting a series of interconnecting supratidal pools on the east coast of Oahu. Many rockskippers were individually tagged. They were watched from blinds through binoculars over an 11‐month period. Artificial nesting shelters were placed in the pools to enhance the study of shelter‐related behavioral patterns. Several relatively unique behavioral patterns that were performed by this tidepool inhabitant are described in this paper.ZusammenfassungDer Blenniide Istiblennius zebra aus Hawaii ist ein Bodenfisch, der in Ebbetümpeln lebt. Einige erwachsene ♂ ♂ verteidigen Reviere um Höhlen, die als Bruthöhlen dienen.Es wird soziales und nichtsoziales Verhalten innerhalb und außerhalb der Höhlen beschrieben.Die Tiere schwimmen mit den Wellen oder springen von Tümpel zu Tümpel. Abends findet man sie manchmal außerhalb des Wassers auf spritz‐wassernassen Steinen.Revierverteidigung sieht man nur von ♂ ♂. Zum Fressen schaben sie mit dem Maul in ihrem Revier den Bewuchs von den Steinen. ♂♂ und Junge fressen ebenso, werden aber aus Revieren oft verjagt. Der Konkurrenzdruck der ♂ ♂ scheint nicht sehr hoch; ein leeres Revier bleibt oft ziemlich lange unbesetzt. Im Kampf sieht man mit steigender Intensität gemeinsames Fressen, Flossenspreizen in T‐Stellung, Schleifenschwimmen in der Horizontalen, Schwanzschläge und Rammstöße.Balzende ♂ ♂ machen senkrechte Sprünge wie viele werbende Pomacentriden‐♂ ♂. Gelaicht wird in der Höhle. Das ♂ verteidigt das Gelege und befächelt es.
Experimental Studies of Primate Vocalization: Specializations for Long‐distance Propagation
Authors: Waser Peter M. , Waser Mary S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAcoustic features of tropical forests which may influence the form of primate vocalizations were investigated experimentally. Background noise levels and the source sound levels of primate vocalizations were measured in the Kibale Forest, Uganda. Attenuation of primate calls and pure tones was measured by broadcasting and rerecording these signals through the forest. Transmission of four primate species' calls were investigated; among the variables manipulated were functional class of vocalization (particularly long‐distance vs. intragroup), height of broadcast, and time of broadcast.ZusammenfassungBei vier Arten waldbewohnender Primaten wurden spezielle Laute gefunden, deren Aufbau und Zeitverlauf eine größere Reichweite schafft als bei den Lauten, die der Verständigung innerhalb der Gruppe dienen. In alien Fällen wurden akustische Muster gefunden, die die Dämpfung vermindern. Die Lautintensität weicht nicht immer von der normaler Laute ab. Sie ist jedoch bei Fernrufen konstanter, deren Dämpfungsgrade weniger schwanken als bei Rufen innerhalb der Gruppe. Reichweiteversuche mit reinen Tönen lassen schließen, daß die spektrale Energieverteilung als Hauptursache für die verminderte Dämpfung in Frage kommt. Temporäre Mittelfrequenz‐„Fenster” und zuverlässig gute Übertragung niedriger Frequenzen waren charakteristisch für die Baumkronen‐Zone. Die Übertragung von Fernrufen wird ferner beeinflußt von ihrem Zeitmuster und besonders von ihrem Auftreten zu Tageszeiten mit wenig Störgeräuschen und geringer Dämpfung. Insbesondere scheint die Temperatur während der frühen Morgenstunden zu minimaler Dämpfung zu führen; in dieser Zeit treten die Fernrufe der Primaten charakteristischerweise besonders häufig auf.
Prägungsbedingte Bindung von Küstenseeschwalbenküken (Sterna paradisaea Pont.) an die Eltern und ihre Fähigkeit, sie an der Stimme zu erkennen1
Authors: Karin  , Busse Klaus 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTo know how, to what extent and at what age tern chicks become attached to and able to recognize their parents, a natural population of arctic terns was observed under normal and under partially altered conditions of neighbouring territories. Chicks proved to be unprintable en more than one parental pair both simultaneously and successively. Treadmill experiments between territories revealed that chicks normally recognize their parents' voice from the second day of life on.DanksagungAn dieser Stelle sei gedankt: Für wertvolle Anregungen Herrn Prof. Dr. Dierk Franck (Zool. Inst. Hamburg) Herrn Dr. Driedrich Goethe (Inst. f. Vogelforschung Wilhelmshaven), Herrn Hans Rittinghaus (ebenda), dem Vorstand des Vereins Jpordsand c/o Herrn Dr. Joachim Münazing für die Ermöglichung der Arbneiten auf Norderoog, Herrn Peter Meesenburg und Frau für wertvolle Ideen und Unterstützung bnei der Freilandarbeit; Herrn Prof. Dr. Eberhard Curio (Ruhr‐Universität Bochum), für die kritische Durchsicht des Mamuskripts.ZusammenfassungDas Verhalten der Küken der Küstenseeschwalben (Sterna paradisaea) wird in den ersten Lebenstagen immer spezifischer auf die eigenen Eltern ausgerichtet. Die durch Prägung erworbene Erkennungsfähigkeit ist hauptsächlich den Küken eigen. Sie lernen ihre Eltern an der Stimme von Fremden zu unterscheiden und bevorzugen sie selektiv vom 2. Lebenstag an. Die hier gezeigte Prägung hat allerdings nicht eine derart starre und zeitlich begrenzte Form, wie es für diese Erscheinung sonst typisch ist; vielmehr ist sie durch zusätzliche Erfahrung auch noch nachträglich veränderbar.ResumenLigamiento de los polluelos del charrán ártico (Sterna paradisaea) hacia sus padres y habilidad de reconocerlos por la vozEl comportamiento de polluelos del charrán ártico (Sterna paradisaea) en los primeros dias de vida comienza a ser dirigido más y más especificamente hacia los propios padres. La habilidad de reconocerlos, que es adquirida por experiencia temprana, recide fundamentalmente en los polluelos, los que aprenden a diferenciar la voz de sus padres de los demás mostrando preferencia por ésta a partir del segundo dia de vida. Sin embargo la especificidad adquirida no es tan indeleble como en la generalidad de los casos de “imprinting”, pudiendo ser alterada por experiencia adicional.
Courtship Behaviour inDrosophila: Sexual Isolation or Sexual Selection?
Authors: von Schilcher Florian , Dow Maurice 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe theory of sexual selection and isolation lays heavy emphasis on the role of the ♀ — defined as the sex with the higher parental investment — in these activities. The male investment is, however, not negligible and we hypothesize that, under certain, well defined conditions, sexual isolation will be a function of male behaviour, whereas sexual selection will always mainly be a female prerogative.We present behavioural data from observations of intra‐ and interspecific single pair matings of 5 sibling species of theDrosophila melanogastergroup —D. melanogaster, D. simulans, D. mauritiana, D. teissieri, D. yakuba.The results are consistent with our hypothesis. ♂ ♂ are primarily responsible for sexual isolation, whereas ♀♀ dominate sexual selection.ZusammenfassungIntraspezifische Paarungen werden in derDrosophila melanogaster‐Artengruppe, wenn überhaupt, meist von den ♀♀ abgebrochen. In interspezifischen Paarungskombinationen zwischen ♂ ♂ vonD. melanogasterundD. simulansund ♀♀ dieser beiden Arten undD. erecta, D. mauritiana, D. teissieriundD. yakubasind die ♂ ♂ häufiger für den Abbruch der ersten Werbephase verantwortlich. Wir folgern hieraus, daß die ♀♀ die sexuelle Selektion und die ♂ ♂ die sexuelle Isolation bestimmen.Dieses Resultat ist in Übereinstimmung mit einer Hypothese, welche besagt, daß ursprüanglich, bei der sich ergebenden Sympatrie zweier angehender Arten dasjenige Geschlecht die aktivere Rolle bei der reproduktiven Isolation spielen wird, welches ein hoheres „elterliches Investment” macht. Nach einer gewissen Zeit jedoch wird diese Rolle von dem anderen Geschlecht übernommen, falls dieses das Paarungsspiel einleitet, indem es sich dem Geschlechtspartner nähert.
Agonistic Behaviour of the Coconut Crab, Birgus latro (L.)1
Authors: Helfman Gene S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe coconut crab is a large, nocturnal, terrestrial hermit crab. Visual behavioural displays associated with agonistic encounters around food at night were studied in the field at Enewetak, Marshall Islands. The importance of size differences as a determinant of the outcome of interactions is demonstrated. The agonistic displays of the coconut crab are similar to those of other hermit crabs; differences can be related to modifications for terrestrial and nocturnal existence.ZusammenfassungDer Palmendieb (Birgus latro) ist ein großer, nächtlich aktiver, landlebender Einsiedlerkrebs. Im Freiland (Enewetak, Marshall Inseln) wurden die mit Streitereien um Futter einhergehenden Verhaltenssignale untersucht. Es gibt weniger, aber keine anderen Gesten als bei den bisher untersuchten Einsiedler‐krebsen. Im Unterschied zu diesen ist aber der Palmendieb einzelgängerisch. Große Individuen dominieren über kleine, die ihnen ausweichen. Durch agonistisches Verhalten entsteht ein Individualabstand von etwa 1 m.Birgus benutzt nur in der Jugend Schneckengehäuse als Körperschutz. Die geringere Zahl von optischen Signalen und eine Vergrößerung der Bewegungsamplitude bei den übriggebliebenen könnte mit dem Hausverlust und der nächtlichen Lebensweise zusammenhängen.
Social Organization and Mating Success in Local Song Populations of Village Indigobirds, Vidua chalybeata
Authors: Payne Robert B. , Payne Karen 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBehavioral interactions among color‐marked individual Vidua chalybeata that shared common song dialects were observed for 5 years in two populations at Lochinvar National Park, Zambia. Social interactions involved ♂♂ visiting and competing for mating sites and ♀♀ visiting ♂♂ in an apparent sampling of potential copulating partners. Differences in mating success among the polygynous ♂♂ were compared with male behavior and territory resources, and criteria were developed to test the importance of intrasexual male competition and female mate choice in explaining the mating system of the populations. Song behavior best explained differences in mating success of ♂♂ with lesser effects of neighboring ♂♂ and the defensible resources around the call‐sites. The social organization of song populations resembles that of a dispersed lek with ♀♀ visiting many ♂♂ but mating with few ♂♂. We discuss the observations on indigobirds in relation to behavioral selection, sexual selection, and mating systems. Mating systems of certain populations and species are compared using statistics of individual mating success.
Ontogenie und Funktion der Rangordnung innerhalb einer Geschwisterschar von Graugänsen (Anser anser L.)
Authors: Kalas Sybille 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBetween the siblings of a family of greylag geese (Anser anser L.) a rank order is established by fighting during the first days after hatching, and also by other, more complex interactions. The position of each goose in the rank order can be defined by three groups of behaviour patterns (aggressive behaviour, “greetings”, escape responses). A clear‐cut ranking relation between two individuals is a prerequisite for their close cohesion. The survival function of rank order lies in diminishing the intensity and frequency of agonistic interactions, in diminishing social stress situations and in guaranteeing the close family cohesion.
Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Bedeutung der Rachenzeichnung junger Zebrafinken
Authors: Immelmann Klaus , Piltz Achim , Sossinka Roland 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWild‐coloured Zebra Finch nestlings with fully developed mouth markings were compared with white mutants, which lack the markings, with respect to the ability of these markings to release the feeding response of both wild‐coloured and white parents. In more than 80 nestlings, the wild‐coloured ones proved to have a higher survival rate, to grow faster, to be given more food, and to have priority to the first feedings in the day. Within the colour groups greater relative age was as advantageous as mouth markings were between groups.
Spatial Variation in Behavior in Relation to Territoriality in Dwarf Cichlids Apistogramma ramirezi
Authors: Black Charles H. , Wiley R. Haven 
Published: August 2010

AbstractActivity fields and isolation fields are measured for four territorial dwarf cichlids Apistogramma ramirezi and related to spatial variation in frequencies of agonistic encounters. Trespassers evidently avoid the immediate presence of a resident but not locations of previous encounters with residents.
Development of Face Aversion by the Jewel Fish (Hemichromis bimaculatus, Gill 1862)
Authors: Coss Richard G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractJewel fish possess an innate cognitive mechanism which recognizes the two facing eyes of other fish. This mechanism functions adaptively in both a social and antipredator context, estimating the risks associated with other facing fish. Appearing about the time fry begin to school, this mechanism triggers a discriminative flight response to approaching models with two schematic facing eyes. Fry also tend to avoid the region in front of the parents from which they can see their two facing eyes.In a social context, juveniles and adults appear to be intimidated by facing adversaries as demonstrated by their energy expenditure during attacks and readiness to attack, respectively. These findings are discussed in relation to developmental plasticity of the innate cognitive mechanism and concomitant changes in risk assessment.
Foraging Behaviour of the Brown Hyaena (Hyaena brunnea Thunberg, 1820) in the Southern Kalahari
Authors: Mills M. G. L. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObservations on six free ranging adult brown hyaenas (Hyaena brunnea) fitted with radio collars and beta lights were supplemented by observations on three untagged large cubs and by tracking spoor. Brown hyaenas are predominantly nocturnal and cover large distances alone each night searching for vertebrate remains and other food. Carrion is mainly located by olfactory sense, although auditory cues are also used. Excess food is often stored for short periods. Wild fruits and birds' eggs are eaten and hunting behaviour is directed towards small vertebrates and insects. Some adaptations of the brown hyaena to its environment are discussed.
Etude du répertoire vocal du Gibbon a favoris blancs (Hylobates concolor leucogenys): Analyse structurale des vocalisations
Authors: Deputte Bertrand , Goustard Michel 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe basic vocal repertoire of the Crested Gibbon (Hylobates concolor leucogenys) can be defined from qualitative and quantitative analysis of the vocalizations. From sonagraphic analysis of calls of 9 juveniles, one adult ♂, one sub‐adult ♂ and one sub‐adult ♀ arranged in three semi‐free living groups, one can describe six vocal types on a morphological basis. The sound repertoire of juveniles is composed of graded signals which seem to become more discrete and fewer as the individual matures. These features are compared with other Cercopithecides and Pongides on the basis of eco‐ethological and ontogenetic implications.
Dwarf Mongoose Helpers at the Den1
Authors: Rood J. P. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis field study investigated helper behaviour in the care of the young in a small social carnivore, the dwarf mongoose (Helogale parvula). The frequency with which individually marked mongooses, living in six packs, guarded young at the den (babysitting) and brought food to the young was recorded in all‐day and morning watches. The principal helpers were the subordinate adult ♀♀ and the yearlings. In a pack of known kinship relationships, an immigrant ♀ did more babysitting than any of the other pack members, all of whom were related to the young. Possible advantages of the aid‐giving behaviour to the helpers are discussed.
The Mating Behavior of Teleogryllus commodus (Walker) and its Central and Peripheral Control4
Authors: Loher Werner , Rence Bradford 
Published: August 2010

AbstractCentral nervous action determines the cyclic sequence of mating behavior in the Teleogryllus commodus ♂ and the patterns can appear predictably without external stimulation. However, the copulatory act triggers the onset of the cycle and peripheral factors, such as the presence of a ♀, may modify performance and duration of some of the patterns. The highly flexible capability of the central nervous system is thereby acknowledged.
The Multifunctional Role of the Mandibular Gland Secretion of an Australian Desert Ant, Calomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)4
Authors: Brough Elaine J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe of a desert species of Calomyrmex possess large mandibular glands which contain a brightly coloured secretion.This study investigates the role of the gland as part of the alarm/defence system of the species. The alarm promoting properties of the secretion are demonstrated. The defensive role of the secretion is studied from three aspects; the possible toxicity towards other insects; the repellent and/or repugnant properties towards another ant species; the responses of insectivorous vertebrates to Calomyrmex and to other food items, some of which are treated by application of the secretion prior to presentation. The significance of the colour of the secretion is also discussed.
Relationship between Song Repertoire and Age in the Canary, Serinus canarius
Authors: Nottebohm Fernando , Nottebohm Marta E. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe recorded the song of six male canaries during their first and second year of life to see if we could detect systematic age‐related changes. Soundspectrographic analysis revealed that many syllables from the previous year were omitted and many new ones were added. There was a significant increase in syllable repertoire during the second year. The proportion of single‐element syllables increased between year 1 and year 2. These results indicate that neural pathways responsible for song learning in canaries remain plastic in adulthood. We suggest that the larger song repertoires of older ♂♂ confer a reproductive advantage by acting as a more potent stimulus on ♀♀.