bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of education and safety equipment on burn and scald prevention practices and on childhood thermal injuries: update of a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wynn P , Ilyas N , Kendrick D , Sutton A , Coupland C , Mulvaney C , Watson M 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveChildhood burns and scalds are a significant public health problem. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates whether home safety education and the provision of safety equipment increases burn and scald prevention practices and reduces thermal injuries.MethodA range of bibliographic databases were searched until April 2009. Search methods also included other electronic sources; hand searching of conference abstracts, IPJ and reference lists. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCTs, and controlled before and after studies (CBA), involving children and young people aged 0–19 years, and their families.ResultsPreliminary results indicate that 49 studies met the inclusion criteria (29 RCTs, 6 non-RCTs, 13 CBAs and 1 CBA or non RCT). 27 studies were included in at least one meta-analysis. Families receiving home safety education +/– safety equipment were significantly more likely to have a functional smoke alarm (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.73) and to have safe hot-tap water temperatures (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.07). There was some evidence that interventions increased the prevalence of fireguards (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.94). The prevalence of fire extinguishers was increased only by interventions providing these (OR 4.67, 95% CI 1.78 to 12.25).ConclusionsHome safety education and the provision of safety equipment are effective in improving the prevalence of functioning smoke alarms and safe hot tap water temperatures. They may be effective in increasing the prevalence of fireguards and fire extinguishers. Further work is required to explore the effect of improving safety practices on thermal injury occurrence.
The UK burden of injuries study (UKBOI)
Authors: Lyons R A , Kendrick D , Towner E L , Christie N , Phillips C J , Coupland C , Hayes M , Macey S , Brophy S , Carter B , Groom L , Mulvaney C , Sleney J , Smith S , Stewart J , Evans P A , Pallister I , Coffey F 
Published: March 2011

ObjectivesThe UKBOI study was designed to quantify important components of the population burden of injury in the UK.MethodsA mixed methods study incorporating a multi-centred prospective cohort of injured individuals; extrapolation of patient reported outcomes to population metrics using routine data from emergency departments (ED), hospital discharge registers and mortality data; calculation of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) using Global Burden of Diseases methodology and estimated indirect costs; and the calculation of direct medical costs.ResultsThe study recruited 1517 injured individuals. Estimated numbers (and rates per 100 000) for UK population extrapolations were 750 999 (1240) for hospital admissions, 7 982 947 (13 339) for emergency department attendances, and 22 185 (36.8) for injury related deaths, in the financial year 2005/6. An estimated 1 574 000 DALYs were lost from injuries occurring in that year, with 80% due to Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) and 20% from Years of Life Lost (YLLs). Some 10% of DALYs lost were due to YLDs occurring within 12 months post injury and 70% due to lifelong injuries. Direct medical costs were estimated at 482 million for ED visits and 2.15 billion for inpatient stays, with indirect costs of up to 31.5 billion. The qualitative study with 90 participants revealed many additional negative consequences for individuals, family and society.ImplicationsThe high population burden and costs associated with injuries in the UK demonstrates the need for sustained policies and interventions in support of prevention.
What puts women at risk for partner violence? Factors associated with violence by a current partner in a nationally representative sample of German women
Authors: Stoeckl H , Heise L , Watts C 
Published: March 2011

ObjectivePartner violence has been established as an important human rights violation and public health issue. Although its pervasiveness is well documented, more research is needed on risk and protective factors in order to inform interventions.MethodsThis study is based on secondary analysis of the first national survey on violence against women in Germany. Women who reported violence by their current partner were compared to women who never reported partner violence, using crude and adjusted odds ratios and logistic regression analysis. Violence was measured using the revised Conflict Tactics Scale.ResultsThe prevalence of physical and/or sexual violence by current partners was 17%. Women who experienced violence during childhood, including physical punishment, child sexual abuse or witnessing marital violence had higher odds of experiencing partner violence. Partner violence was associated with women's drug use within the last 5 years, physical disability or debilitating chronic illness, having more than three children, experiencing violence by a non-partner, and being isolated and feeling socially excluded. The odds of violence also increased if both partners were unemployed or lacked vocational training or if the woman but not her partner, had vocational skills. Relationships shorter than 5 years or where the man alone or both partners drank heavily were likewise associated with higher likelihood of violence.ConclusionPartner violence interventions should holistically address these factors by integrating primary interventions that reduce childhood risk factors and secondary interventions that tackle social isolation, employment, vocational skills and alcohol and drug use.
Exposure to terror attacks continues to effect community resilience after more than 5 years
Authors: Attinson M , Eyal E , Hornik-Lurie T , Ahronson-Daniel L 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundTwo terror attacks in Turkey, affected the local Jewish community. This paper attempts to deal with the resilience of the Istanbul Community in the face of terror, by way of two indicators which have been characterised as avoidance behaviour and public fear reflected in the responses to a questionnaire and analysed against the circles of vulnerability.Methods74 questions centering on exposure to the two terror events defined the circle of vulnerability”, in 210 members of the Jewish Community in Istanbul. Optimism, present fear and anxiety, relationship to the community, sense of security, religiosity and current behavioural patterns associated with the every day patterns of life in the community and its surroundings were recorded.ResultsPeople in the inner circle in the circles of vulnerability, have retained the affects of those attacks and are reflected in behavioural choices. The findings show that 1986's events still affect resilience, and given that the entire community was exposed to the events of 2003, hint that a previous event does not inoculate the individual or a community to deal with additional trauma in the future.. Profession increased the amount of avoidance behaviour in addition to the influence of the circle of vulnerability.ConclusionThe influence of terror does not dissipate over time and thus the necessity exists to create awareness in communities of the issue of resilience, and to prepare appropriately action and responses to the issues of resilience of a community as a whole and the individuals who are a part of that community.
Keeping children safe at home: qualitative study of children's centre managers and staff
Authors: Stewart J , Deave T , Goodenough T , Towner E , Kendrick D , Pitchforth E , Sealey P 
Published: March 2011

AimTo explore the views of professionals working in Children's Centres on the barriers and facilitators to implementing health promotion and injury prevention interventions.BackgroundIn the UK, unintentional injury is an important cause of death in 1–4 year olds. The burden of injury is highest for children who live in poverty. Co-ordinated services, and information and support, are provided by teams of professionals in Children's Centres for the families of these children. This includes injury prevention.Methods32 semistructured interviews will be conducted with managers and staff from Children's Centres in four centres: Bristol, Nottingham, Norwich and Newcastle. Purposive sampling will be used. Interviews will ask about health education and safety promotion programmes: capacity development within Centres and ways of engaging families. Interviews will be audio-recorded and transcribed. Data will be analysed using the NVivo software package.ResultsIssues on barriers and facilitators and implications for practice will be documented. It will also allow us to identify how we can best support Children's Centre staff to implement evidence based injury prevention programmes.ConclusionsThe Keeping Children Safe at Home programme aims to develop a better understanding of how to prevent unintentional injuries in pre-school children. It will apply this knowledge, working with Children's Centre staff, to implement effective approaches with families served by the Centres. The findings from this qualitative study will inform the development of succinct, easy-to-read, evidence-based guidance which will be implemented and evaluated in Children's Centres.
Making the economic case for injury prevention and safety promotion: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: McDaid D , Park A 
Published: March 2011

ObjectivesA systematic review was undertaken to map what is already known about the cost effectiveness of strategies to promote safety and prevent injuries, both intentional and unintentional.MethodsA range of databases were searched, complemented by examination of grey literature, academic and government websites and a hand search of key journals. Papers were independently reviewed and cross-checked by the authors; relevant studies were coded for findings and assessed using a economic evaluation checklist.ResultsMore than 5000 papers were examined with more than 1100 meeting our initial inclusion criteria. The most common areas for economic analysis related to fall prevention (25%), transport safety (22%) and workplace injury prevention (21%).ConclusionsAcross many areas of injury prevention, actions could be identified that were not only cost effective but often cost saving because of future costs avoided. Less is known on the economic case for complex interventions which require behavioural change to be effective. The majority of work has been undertaken in the US; a high degree of caution needs to be exercised in transferring these interventions to other contexts. There is however much scope to retrospectively adapt and add economic analysis to existing effectiveness studies of actions to prevent injuries and promote safety.
Gunshots; another cause of injuries on our roads
Authors: Inyang U C , Solagberu B A , Ofoegbu C 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveRecent armed conflicts in West Africa and increasing ethno-religious crisis in Nigeria have made gunshot injuries the second leading cause of trauma deaths in the sub-region. This study was done to determine the predisposing factors, types of guns used and circumstances surrounding injuries sustained.Material and MethodsProspective study over 3-years of gunshot-injured patients seen at the emergency unit of a university hospital in Nigeria was done. Age, gender, occupation, circumstances of gunshot, place of injury, type of gun used and outcome (dead or alive) were studied.ResultsThere were 100 patients; 88 males, 12 females. Age range was 1–68 years. Patients in 3rd and 4th decades of life accounted for 69%. Twenty three percent were students, 21% civil servants, 13% each were traders and drivers and 7% were policemen/force men. Ninety one percent had intentional gunshots; out of which 66% were due to armed robbery attack, 9% from law enforcement agents, 6% from communal clash and 5% from cultists. Armed robbers shot 48% of patients on the roads, 13% at home and 3% at their shops. Law enforcement agents intentionally shot 5% of patients on the roads. Dane gun was used on 73% of patients and rifle on 22%. Four percents died; 2 from sepsis and 1 from haemorrhage.ConclusionGunshot injuries are suffered mainly by males in the 21–40 years age group who are family bread winners. Most of the injuries were sustained while commuting on the roads from shots fired by armed robbers. There is need for improved security and civil protection on our roads. Reducing unemployment will reduce armed robbery attack.
Observation of motorcycle helmet usage in three Sri Lankan cities; paediatric helmet recommendations needed
Authors: Hilmi L , Kottegoda E V , Jasinghe A , Perera D , Wax R 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionIn many developing countries, multiple riders are present on motorcycles; with varying degrees of helmet legislation compliance. Sri Lankan injury surveillance records determined 44.8% of the road injuries involved motorcycles. In collaboration with the Ministry of Health, an observational study of three cities was conducted to assess patterns of helmet usage among adults/children. Mandatory motorcycle helmet legislation for adults is present in Sri Lanka; no formal paediatric legislation exists.MethodsInjury data was analysed for types/causes related to motorcycles. A three-city observational study was conducted, during peak travel times. Riders were categorised for age, gender, helmet usage/type.Results2194 motorcycles with 3309 riders were observed. Most riders were adults (86.97%) with 12.87% children. Adult helmet use was 97%, while child usage was 31%. 92% of women wore helmets compared to 97% of men. The capital Colombo and Kurnegala had higher usage with 92% and 88%; Puttalam 70%. 81% wore open face helmets. Results were shared with the Trauma Secretariat for advocacy and public health policy.ConclusionsDespite high helmet usage by adults, the majority of children are not wearing motorcycle helmets, increasing the risk of severe injury. In Asia, families often travel on motorcycles with infants, children and other family members, yet no formal WHO recommendations have been issued regarding paediatric motorcycle helmet usage. More research is needed to assess why helmets are not being used on children, availability and standards of helmets. Data must be used for advocacy, legislation and education.
Household cleaning product-related injuries treated in US emergency departments, 1990–2006
Authors: McKenzie L B , Ahir N , Stolz U , Nelson N 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveThe goal was to examine patterns and trends of household cleaning product-related injuries in children aged ≤5 years treated in US emergency departments between 1990 and 2006.MethodsThrough use of the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database, cases of unintentional, non-fatal household cleaning product-related injuries were selected using household cleaning product codes. Household cleaning products were categorised according to major toxic ingredients, mode of action and by type of product exposure. Sample weights were used to calculate national estimates. US Census Bureau data were used to calculate injury rates per 10 000 children aged ≤5 years. Computation of odds ratios and 95% CI was performed. Trend analyses of the rates over time were conducted using linear regression.ResultsAn estimated 267 269 children aged ≤5 years were treated in US emergency departments for household cleaning product-related injuries. Injuries decreased 46.0% from 22 141 in 1990 to 11 964 in 2006. The product most commonly associated with injury was bleach (37.1%). Children aged 1–3 years accounted for 72.0% of cases. The primary mechanism of injury was ingestion (62.7%). The most common source or container was spray-bottles (40.1%).ConclusionsWhile rates of household cleaning product-related injuries in children aged ≤5 years have decreased significantly over time, the number of injuries remains high. Research is needed to develop effective prevention strategies to further reduce household cleaning product-related injuries, including improved child safety measures for household cleaning product containers.
What do parents believe about children's developmental milestones and the preventability of injuries?
Authors: Gielen A , McDonald E , Shields W , McKenzie L 
Published: March 2011

PurposeFor young children, developmental capabilities influence their injury risk, often because their motor skills are more advanced than their ability to recognise and respond to hazards. This study explores the extent to which parents are knowledgeable about developmental milestones and whether this knowledge is related to their injury prevention beliefs.MethodsParents with children (<5years) were recruited in an inner city paediatric emergency department (N=453). Ten items from the Revised Denver Prescreening Development Questionnaire were used to ask parents at what age they thought the average child could accomplish milestones (eg, roll over, reach for items). Three items assessed parent's beliefs about preventing children's injuries (eg, the best way to prevent injuries is to teach your child to mind you).ResultsAmong this sample of predominantly African American, low income families, a majority thought children would be older than the standardised norm when they could reach for items (72%) and feed themselves (67%). Two thirds thought children could walk up steps without help earlier than the norm. One third of parents thought that children would be older when they can pull themselves up to stand. One third thought children could follow instructions earlier than the norm. Bivariate and multi-variate analyses to adjust for child age and mothers education will examine the relationship between knowledge of developmental milestones and preventability beliefs.ConclusionsBecause young children depend on their parents to protect them from hazards, their inaccurate knowledge of children's developmental capabilities can unnecessarily put children at increased injury risk.
Assumption of responsibility of the cases of traumatisms in urgency at the medical centre with surgical antenna of Ziniar
Authors: Wangraoua M 
Published: March 2011

AimsTo establish the epidemiology of the traumatic case received with the sorting of the department of surgery of the medical centre with surgical antenna of Ziniar, and to bring back the method of their assumption of responsibility.Patients and MethodsIt was about a retrospective study relating to the year 2009. Were included all the patients received in urgency for traumatism and recorded in the register of consultation. The studied parameters were the age, the sex, the profession, the cause of the traumatism, the diagnosis, therapeutic control.ResultsThe traumatisms accounted for 69.75% of the cases received with sorting (that is to say 692 cases out of 992) and occur among relatively young patients with 32 years Middle Age. The sex ratio was of 2.6 in favour of the male sex. The main victims were the workers of the informal sector, the employees of the public and private professional sector, the pupils and students, the tradesmen. The traffic accidents, the brawls and the falls prevailed. The lesions of the soft parts and the lesions of the bones and the articulations in particular the fractures of the members and the cranial traumatisms were most frequent. All the cases of traumatisms osteoarticulaires were evacuated on the Yalgado Ouedraogo University Teaching Hospital or the Charles De Gaule Paediatric University Teaching Hospital for lack of service of radiology and reanimation.ConclusionThe efficient assumption of responsibility of the majority of the traumatisms Ziniar remains related to the infrastructure problem.
Association of mandatory seat belt use legislations intervention by traffic police with changes in road traffic injuries in Iran
Authors: Movahedi M , Soori H , Nasermoadeli A , Ainy E , Mehmandar M R , Nejhad M R Masoodei , Abady H R Hatam , Azari M Rezazadeh , Mahfozphoor S , Vafaee R 
Published: March 2011

Background and ObjectiveThis study investigated the efficacy of mandatory seat belt use legislation on reducing traffic injuries and the intensity of road traffic injuries (RTIs).Materials and MethodsData on RTIs from 1 year before till 2 years after the implementation of mandatory seat belt use legislation were obtained from the police department. After data cleaning and stratification RTIs and moralities from 1 year before till 2 year after the implementation of mandatory seat belt use legislations was compared with those in year prior to the intervention.ResultsAfter the implementation of the mandatory seat belt use, traffic mortalities consisted of 13.3% of all RTIs in the year prior to the implementation, while this proportion decreased to 9.9% and 11.5% in the first and second years after the implementation, respectively. The trend of mortality reduction was not consistent for seat belt use, as we observed a slight increase in the proportion of moralities in the second year after the implementation of mandatory seat belt use, though they did not reach the levels for before implementation of those laws.ConclusionOur findings suggested that the mandatory of seat belt use was efficient in reduction of intensity of RTIs and it was also efficient in reducing the crude number of RTIs. However, in the second year after the implantation the efficiency of this intervention reduced.
Exploring how fathers access child safety information
Authors: Olsen L , Brussoni M , Kruse S 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionInjury is the leading cause of death for children over the age of one. Prevention methods such as providing parents with information on injury risks and prevention strategies can be an effective way to help change risk behaviour and decrease the chance of an injury event.PurposeTo gain an understanding on father's behaviours in regard to accessing information on childhood safety.MethodInterviews for this qualitative study were carried out with fathers of children aged 2 to 7 years in British Columbia, Canada. Interview questions explored whether fathers were likely to access information on child safety issues; what type of information they were likely to search for; what types of resources they used or would like to use.ResultsIn total, 32 fathers were interviewed. Of the fathers that did look for information on child safety, most reported accessing the Internet as a main resource for child safety. Many fathers reported issues around trusting sources and accessing quality information over the Internet. Other common sources of safety information fathers reported using included pamphlets, as well as information obtained through community resources, media and dialogue with other people.ConclusionFathers use specific portals to access information on child safety. To ensure that parents are suitably informed on prevention strategies, health professionals need to consider fathers perspectives in the development of dissemination strategies and design of materials. The findings show that specific attention should be focused on Internet-based strategies and the ways that fathers use this resource.