bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the important characteristics of neighbourhoods to facilitate ageing in place and longevity
Authors: Taylor Danielle , Tucker Graeme , Wilson David , Inacio Maria , Visvanathan Renuka 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study investigates which local area characteristics, included in the Healthy Ageing/Vulnerable ENvironment (HAVEN) Index, are the strongest factors predicting transition into permanent residential aged care (PRAC) and mortality, and the geographic distribution of these factors.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of older individuals living in the community in Adelaide who received their first eligibility assessment for age care services between 2013 and 2015 (n = 16,939) was conducted. The study cohort, from the Registry of Senior Australians (ROSA), was linked by postcode to HAVEN Index items, selected following item response theory (IRT) analysis to determine the strongest local area factors associated with PRAC and mortality. Geospatial mapping of the factors determined the geographic distribution of these significant factors.ResultsFourteen HAVEN Index items were associated with entry into PRAC and mortality. Three area‐level items, lower educational attainment, financial housing stress and low levels of volunteering by older people, were risk factors for entry into PRAC and mortality while the remainder of the items identified were different for each outcome. The mapped local area risk factors for each outcome highlighted similar geographical areas of vulnerability.ConclusionsLocal area characteristics are associated with entering PRAC and mortality. Our findings can inform area‐level responses to make neighbourhoods more age‐friendly, potentially allowing more people to age longer in place. Similar analyses, conducted for other areas, could provide evidence to support the widespread development of age‐friendly neighbourhoods reducing area‐level inequalities in ageing.
Stroke outcomes following durable left ventricular assist device implant in patients bridged with micro‐axial flow pump: Insights from a large registry
Authors: Gallone Guglielmo , Lewin Daniel , Rojas Hernandez Sebastian , Bernhardt Alexander , Billion Michael , Meyer Anna , Netuka Ivan , Kooij J‐J , Pieri Marina , Szymanski Mariusz K. , Moeller Christian H. , Akhyari Payam , Jawad Khalil , Krasivskyi Ihor , Schmack Bastian , Färber Gloria , Medina Marta , Haneya Assad , Zimpfer Daniel , Nersesian Gaik , Lanmueller Pia , Spitaleri Antonio , Oezkur Mehmet , Djordjevic Ilija , Saeed Diyar , Boffini Massimo , Stein Julia , Gustafsson F. , Scandroglio Anna Mara , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria , Meyns Bart , Hofmann Steffen , Belohlavek Jan , Gummert Jan , Rinaldi Mauro , Potapov Evgenij V. , Loforte Antonio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundStroke after durable left ventricular assist device (d‐LVAD) implantation portends high mortality. The incidence of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and the impact on stroke outcomes of temporary mechanical circulatory support (tMCS) management among patients requiring bridge to d‐LVAD with micro‐axial flow‐pump (mAFP, Abiomed) is unsettled.MethodsConsecutive patients, who underwent d‐LVAD implantation after being bridged with mAFP at 19 institutions, were retrospectively included. The incidence of early ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke after d‐LVAD implantation (<60 days) and association of pre‐d‐LVAD characteristics and peri‐procedural management with a specific focus on tMCS strategies were studied.ResultsAmong 341 patients, who underwent d‐LVAD implantation after mAFP implantation (male gender 83.6%, age 58 [48–65] years, mAFP 5.0/5.5 72.4%), the early ischemic stroke incidence was 10.8% and early hemorrhagic stroke 2.9%. The tMCS characteristics (type of mAFP device and access, support duration, upgrade from intra‐aortic balloon pump, ECMELLA, ECMELLA at d‐LVAD implantation, hemolysis, and bleeding) were not associated with ischemic stroke after d‐LVAD implant. Conversely, the device model (mAFP 2.5/CP vs. mAFP 5.0/5.5: HR 5.6, 95%CI 1.4–22.7, p = 0.015), hemolysis on mAFP support (HR 10.5, 95% CI 1.3–85.3, p = 0.028) and ECMELLA at d‐LVAD implantation (HR 5.0, 95% CI 1.4–18.7, p = 0.016) were associated with increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke after d‐LVAD implantation. Both early ischemic (HR 2.7, 95% CI 1.9–4.5, p < 0.001) and hemorrhagic (HR 3.43, 95% CI 1.49–7.88, p = 0.004) stroke were associated with increased 1‐year mortality.ConclusionsAmong patients undergoing d‐LVAD implantation following mAFP support, tMCS characteristics do not impact ischemic stroke occurrence, while several factors are associated with hemorrhagic stroke suggesting a proactive treatment target to reduce this complication.
In vitro effect of hyoscine‐N‐butyl bromide and diclofenac sodium in human tuba uterina
Authors: Sengul Mustafa , Karadas Baris , Acar‐Sahan Selin , Ozturk Ozan , Yılmaz Huseyin , Simsek Fatma , Kaya‐Temiz Tijen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionTo investigate the in vitro effect of diclofenac on tubal smooth muscle as an alternative to hyoscine‐N‐butyl bromide, which is used for premedication before hysterosalpingography (HSG).Material and MethodsFallopian tubes were retrieved from seven healthy women after bilateral tubal ligation and in vitro contractility and histological studies were conducted using tissue bath and immunohistochemistry.ResultsDiclofenac sodium and hyoscine‐N‐butyl bromide did not significantly change the basal mean tension; however, they decreased the contractions induced by potassium chloride (KCl). The relaxant effect of diclofenac sodium and hyoscine‐N‐butyl bromide was not statistically significantly different. The presence of cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 enzyme in the fallopian tube was demonstrated by immunohistochemical studies.ConclusionsThe in vitro relaxant effect of diclofenac sodium on the fallopian tube is similar to hyoscine‐N‐butyl bromide. Diclofenac may have the potential to be used as an alternative to hyoscine‐N‐butyl bromide in premedication in HSG.
An exploratory review on the empirical evaluation of the quality of reporting and analyzing labor duration
Authors: Celetta Emilienne , Spineli Loukia M. , Avignon Valérie , Gehling Hanna , Gross Mechthild M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionThis exploratory review aimed to provide empirical evidence on the definitions of labor, the statistical approaches and measures reported in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies measuring the duration of labor.MethodsA systematic electronic literature search was conducted using different databases. An extraction form was designed and used to extract relevant data. English, French, and German studies published between 1999 and 2019 have been included. Only RCTs and observational studies analyzing labor duration (or a phase of labor duration) as a primary outcome have been included.ResultsNinety‐two RCTs and 126 observational studies were eligible. No definition of the onset of labor was provided in 21.7% (n = 20) of the RCTs and 23.8% (n = 30) of the observational studies. Mean was the most frequently applied measure of labor duration in the RCTs (89.1%, n = 82), and median in the observational studies (54.8%, n = 69). Most RCTs (83%, n = 76) and observational studies (70.6%, n = 89) analyzed labor duration using a bivariate method, with the t‐test being the most frequently applied (45.7% and 27%, respectively). Only 10.8% (n = 10) of the RCTs and 52.4% (n = 66) of the observational studies conducted a multivariable regression: 3 (30%; out of 10) RCTs and 37 (56%; out of 66) observational studies used a time‐to‐event adapted model.ConclusionThis survey reports a lack of agreement with respect to how the onset of labor and phases of labor duration are presented. Concerning the statistical approaches, few studies used survival analysis, which is the appropriate statistical framework to analyze time‐to‐event data.
Non‐coding RNAs and their potential exploitation in cancer therapy‐related cardiotoxicity
Authors: Bernasconi Riccardo , Kuster Gabriela M. 
Published: May 2024

Life expectancy in cancer patients has been extended in recent years, thanks to major breakthroughs in therapeutic developments. However, this also unmasked an increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases in cancer survivors, which is in part attributable to cancer therapy‐related cardiovascular toxicity. Non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have received much appreciation due to their impact on gene expression. NcRNAs, which include microRNAs, long ncRNAs and circular RNAs, are non‐protein‐coding transcripts that are involved in the regulation of various biological processes, hence shaping cell identity and behaviour. They have also been implicated in disease development, including cardiovascular diseases, cancer and, more recently, cancer therapy‐associated cardiotoxicity. This review outlines key features of cancer therapy‐associated cardiotoxicity, what is known about the roles of ncRNAs in these processes and how ncRNAs could be exploited as therapeutic targets for cardioprotection.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue Non‐coding RNA Therapeutics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v182.2/issuetoc
Role of LRP5/6/GSK‐3β/β‐catenin in the differences in exenatide‐ and insulin‐promoted T2D osteogenesis and osteomodulation
Authors: Chen Zijun , Wang Yuxi , Zhang Guanhua , Zheng Jian , Tian Lei , Song Yingliang , Liu Xiangdong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeInsulin and exenatide are two hypoglycaemic agents that exhibit different osteogenic effects. This study compared the differences between exenatide and insulin in osseointegration in a rat model of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and explored the mechanisms promoting osteogenesis in this model of T2D.Experimental ApproachIn vivo, micro‐CT was used to detect differences in the peri‐implant bone microstructure in vivo. Histology, dual‐fluorescent labelling, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to detect differences in tissue, cell and protein expression around the implants. In vitro, RT‐PCR and western blotting were used to measure the expression of osteogenesis‐ and Wnt signalling‐related genes and proteins in bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) from rats with T2D (TBMSCs) after PBS, insulin and exenatide treatment. RT‐PCR was used to detect the expression of Wnt bypass cascade reactions under Wnt inactivation.Key ResultsMicro‐CT and section staining showed exenatide extensively promoted peri‐implant osseointegration. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments showed exenatide substantially increased the expression of osteogenesis‐related and activated the LRP5/6/GSK‐3β/β‐catenin‐related Wnt pathway. Furthermore, exenatide suppressed expression of Bmpr1a to inhibit lipogenesis and promoted expression of Btrc to suppress inflammation.Conclusion and ImplicationsCompared to insulin, exenatide significantly improved osteogenesis in T2D rats and TBMSCs. In addition to its dependence on LRP5/6/GSK‐3β/β‐catenin signalling for osteogenic differentiation, exenatide‐mediated osteomodulation also involves inhibition of inflammation and adipogenesis by BMPR1A and β‐TrCP, respectively.
Comparison of intraocular pressure and anterior segment parameters in subjects with asymmetrical primary angle closure disease
Authors: Tan Shayne S. , Tun Tin A. , Aung Tin , Nongpiur Monisha E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo compare intraocular pressure (IOP) and anterior segment parameters between eyes with unilateral primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) and their fellow eyes with primary angle closure (PAC) or primary angle closure suspect (PACS).MethodsSubjects underwent anterior segment imaging using 360‐degree swept‐source optical coherence tomography (SS‐OCT, CASIA Tomey, Nagoya, Japan) and ocular investigations including gonioscopy and IOP measurement. Each SS‐OCT scan (divided into 8 frames, 22.5 degrees apart) was analysed and an average was obtained for the following anterior segment parameters: iridotrabecular contact (ITC), angle opening distance (AOD750), iris thickness and curvature, anterior chamber width, depth and area (ACW, ACD and ACA) and lens vault (LV).ResultsAmong 132 unilateral PACG subjects (mean age: 62.91 ± 7.2 years; 59.1% male), eyes with PACG had significantly higher presenting IOP (24.81 ± 0.94 vs. 18.43 ± 0.57 mmHg, p < 0.001), smaller gonioscopic Shaffer grade (2.07 ± 0.07 vs. 2.31 ± 0.07, p < 0.001) and a greater extent of peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS, 1.21 ± 0.21 vs. 0.54 ± 0.16 clock hours, p = 0.001). PACG eyes also exhibited increased ITC, ITC area, greater LV and smaller AOD750, ACD and ACA (all p < 0.05). Using the forward stepwise regression model, an increase in 1 mmHg in presenting IOP before laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) increases the odds of having PACG by 9% (95% confidence interval 5%–14%).ConclusionsPACG eyes have higher presenting IOP, smaller anterior segment parameters, greater extent of PAS, and larger LV compared to their fellow eyes with angle closure. Narrower anterior chamber dimensions and higher presenting IOP before LPI may increase risk of chronic elevated IOP and glaucomatous optic neuropathy after LPI.
Better Prevention Than Cure: Cybersecurity Risk and Clawback Provision
Authors: Hoang Huy Viet 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTResearch Question/IssueThe escalation of online transactions recently has driven the digitalization trend, which features both emerging opportunities and associated risks, across businesses. This study examines the impact of cybersecurity risk on the adoption of clawback policies among US listed firms during the 2008–2018 period.Research Findings/InsightUsing fixed‐effect estimators, I reveal that clawback adoptions are more likely when cybersecurity risk is on the rise. This effect is transmitted via three channels of multiple business objectives, manager's quiet life, and corporate culture. Furthermore, this effect is diminished among firms with a greater proportion of nonindependent co‐opted directors on board.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsAlthough clawback policies are often linked to corporate misreporting, this study broadens the conventional research direction by addressing the decision‐making of clawback policy adoption from the data security perspective. The finding of this study implies an extension of clawback endorsement beyond the corporate reporting purpose in the digitalized era.Practical/Policy ImplicationsThis study's findings suggest that firms value the preventive property of clawback policies on corporate misconduct and that firms factor cybersecurity risk into clawback adoption decision‐making. Given that clawback policies extensively tie CEOs' wealth with corporate integrity, early adoptions of this recoupment scheme can be essential to resolving the contemporary cybersecurity problems of the adopted firms.
The Syvn1 inhibits neuronal cell ferroptosis by activating Stat3/Gpx4 axis in rat with spinal cord injury
Authors: Xiao Shining , Zhang Yu , Wang Shijiang , Liu Jiaming , Dan Fan , Yang Feng , Hong Shue , Liu Ning , Zeng Yujia , Huang Ke , Xie Xinsheng , Zhong Yanxin , Liu Zhili 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) leads to secondary neuronal death, which severely impedes recovery of motor function. Therefore, prevention of neuronal cell death after SCI is an important strategy. Ferroptosis, a new form of cell death discovered in recent years, has been shown to be involved in the regulation of SCI. However, the role and potential mechanisms of ferroptosis in secondary SCI are not fully understood. In this study, we report that the E3 ubiquitin ligase Syvn1 suppresses ferroptosis and promotes functional recovery from SCI in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, screened with bioinformatics, immunoprecipitation, and mass spectrometry, we identified Stat3, a transcription factor that induces the expression of the ferroptosis inhibitor Gpx4, as a substrate of Syvn1. Furthermore, we identified neurons as the primary cellular source of Syvn1 signalling. Moreover, we determined the binding domains of Syvn1 and Stat3 in HEK 293 T cells using full‐length proteins and a series of truncated Flag‐tagged and Myc‐tagged fragments. Furthermore, we created the cell and animal models with silencing or overexpression of Syvn1 and Stat3 and found that Syvn1 inhibits neuronal ferroptosis by stabilizing Stat3, which subsequently activates the ferroptosis regulator Gpx4 in SCI. In summary, the Syvn1‐mediated Stat3/Gpx4 signalling axis attenuates neuronal ferroptosis, reduces neuronal death, and promotes SCI repair. Therefore, our findings provide potential new targets and intervention strategies for the treatment of SCI.
The effect of fine particle peening on aviation gear performance, part II: Rolling contact fatigue
Authors: Zhang Boyu , Liu Huaiju , He Yongyong , Guagliano Mario 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFine particle peening (FPP) technology offers an effective method to achieve outstanding surface integrity and fatigue performance in aviation gears. However, the lack of sufficient research on the correlation between process parameters, surface integrity parameters, and fatigue life undermines the full potential of FPP in strengthening aviation gears. Therefore, we have developed an elastic–plastic contact fatigue life model to predict the fatigue life of AISI 9310 gear steel after different strengthening processes. This model can consider surface integrity parameters such as surface micro‐topography, residual stress gradient, and hardness gradient. To validate the model, we conducted rolling contact fatigue tests and compared the results with the predictions from our model. The influence of process parameters on the rolling contact fatigue of AISI 9310 gear steel was further investigated. A process window for FPP was established, and an optimization method was proposed in order to provide guidance for selecting process parameters for FPP on high‐performance aviation gears.
Information‐seeking behaviour of primary care clinicians in Singapore at the point‐of‐care: A qualitative study
Authors: Lee Mauricette Moling , Tang Wern Ee , Smith Helen Elizabeth , Tudor Car Lorainne 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundClinicians' information‐seeking behaviours impact patient care quality. Earlier studies indicated that barriers to accessing information deter clinicians from seeking answers to clinical questions.ObjectivesTo explore primary care clinicians' information‐seeking behaviour at point‐of‐care, focusing on when and how they seek answers to clinical questions.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 45 clinicians after clinical sessions to investigate their information‐seeking habits. Follow‐up interviews were conducted after a week for those intending to address unanswered queries.ResultsTwo thirds of clinicians encountered questions during care, with nearly three quarters resolving them during the session. Colleagues, guidelines and online platforms were common information sources, with smartphones being used to access Google, WhatsApp or UpToDate®. Facilitators included reliable sources and the drive to confirm knowledge, while barriers included ineffective search methods and high workload. Despite challenges, most clinicians expressed satisfaction with their information‐seeking process.DiscussionThe findings underscore the increasing use of smartphones for accessing clinical information among Singaporean primary care clinicians and suggest the need for tailored training programmes and guidelines to optimise information‐seeking practices.ConclusionInsights from this study can inform the development of training programmes and guidelines aimed at improving information‐seeking practices among primary care clinicians, potentially enhancing patient care quality.
Optical evaluation of internal damage to human hair based on second near‐infrared window polarization microscopy
Authors: Watanabe Tomonobu M. , Ueda Seiko , Ishida Saki , Shioi Go , Kaneshiro Junichi , Magari Michi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveHair beauty treatments glorify human life. As a side effect, there is a risk of deteriorating the health of the hair. Optically polarized microscopy has been used for many decades to evaluate hair conditions owing to its ease of use and low operating costs. However, the low biopermeability of light hinders the observation of detailed structures inside hair. The aim of this study is to establish an evaluation technique of internal damages in a hair by utilizing a near‐infrared (NIR) light with a wavelength of 1000–1600 nm, called “second NIR window”.MethodsWe built a laser scanning transmission microscope system with an indium gallium arsenide detector, a 1064 nm laser source, and optical circular polarization to visualize the anisotropy characterization of keratin fibres in hair. Samples of Asian black hair before and after bleaching, after permanent‐waving, after lithium bromide (LiBr) treatment, and after heating was observed. Some parameters reflecting intra‐hair damage were quantitatively compared with the parameters in digitally recorded images with analytical developments.ResultsThe light transmittance of black hair was dramatically improved by utilizing the second NIR window. Numerical analysis of circular polarization in hair quantified the internal damage in chemically or thermally treated hair and found two different types of damage. The present method enabled quantitative evaluation of the condition changes in the cortex; for example, a decrease in circular polarizability by LiBr treatment and restoration by replacing the LiBr solution with water. In addition, black speckles were observed after the heat treatment. Longer heating and wetting times increased the appearance probability and size of the speckles. According to quantitative analyses, the emergence of black spots was independent of polarizability changes, indicating that they were not pores.ConclusionCircular polarization microscopy based on near‐infrared optics in the second NIR window provides an effective evaluation method for quantifying intra‐hair damage caused by cosmetic treatments. The present method provides noninvasive, easy, and inexpensive hair evaluation and has potential as a gold standard in hair care research/medical fields.