bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcome in pediatric glial and embryonal brain tumors correlates with in vitro multi‐passageable neurosphere formation
Authors: Panosyan Eduard H. , Laks Dan R. , Masterman‐Smith Michael , Mottahedeh Jack , Yong William H. , Cloughesy Timothy F. , Lazareff Jorge A. , Mischel Paul S. , Moore Theodore B. , Kornblum Harley I. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundCultured brain tumors can form neurospheres harboring tumorigenic cells with self renewal and differentiation capacities. Renewable neurosphere formation has clinical predictive value in adult malignant gliomas, yet its prognostic role for pediatric brain tumors is unknown.MethodsEstablished neurosphere conditions were used for culturing samples from glial, embryonal and mixed glioneuronal tumors from 56 pediatric patients. Potential associations between neurosphere formation and clinical outcome were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsThirty‐seven percent of all samples formed renewable neurospheres. Analysis of available clinical outcome data from 51 patients demonstrated significantly increased hazard ratios (HR) for both disease progression (HR = 9.9, P < 0.001) and death (HR = 16.6, P < 0.01) in the neurosphere forming group. Furthermore, neurosphere formation correlated with adverse progression free survival (PFS) in glial and embryonal tumors, but not in mixed glioneuronal tumors. Overall survival (OS) was significantly worse for neurosphere‐forming patients with embryonal tumors, as a group and amongst the subgroup with medulloblastoma, but not in the glial group. Multivariate analysis showed that neurosphere formation was associated with diminished PFS and OS independent of age, gender, or treatment. Neurosphere formation was an independent predictor of diminished PFS of glial tumors after adjusting for grade. Multivariate analysis, adjusting for both Ki67 staining and neurosphere formation, demonstrated that neurosphere formation remained predictive of progression whereas Ki67 did not.ConclusionsNeurosphere formation is more predictive of pediatric brain tumor progression than semi‐quantitative Ki67 staining. Pediatric brain tumor derived neurospheres may provide a predictive model for preclinical explorations. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:644–651. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Juvenile xanthogranuloma with hematological dysfunction treated with 2CDA‐AraC
Authors: Blouin Pascale , Yvert Marion , Arbion Flavie , Pagnier Anne , Emile Jean François , Eitenschenck Laurence , Machet Marie‐Christine , Plantaz Dominique , Colombat Philippe , Alla Corinne Armari , Donadieu Jean 
Published: June 2010

AbstractJuvenile xanthogranuloma was diagnosed in two infants aged 8 and 2 months with skin lesions, hepatosplenomegaly, and pancytopenia. Disease control was not achieved with first‐line vinblastine–steroid–VP16 combination therapy. Two courses of 2‐chlorodeoxyadenosine (2CDA) (0.3 mg/kg) and cytosine arabinoside (AraC) (1 g/m2) were then administered for 5 days and were followed, after hematological recovery, by maintenance therapy. Both patients had normal complete blood cell counts and no signs of JXG, respectively, 31 and 24 months after diagnosis. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:757–760. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Psychosocial functioning and career decision‐making in Israeli adolescent and young adult cancer survivors
Authors: Stern Marilyn , Krivoy Elena , Foster Rebecca H. , Bitsko Matthew , Toren Amos , Ben‐Arush Myriam 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectivesThis study examined how dispositional optimism, health vulnerability, and time perspective were related to adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors' career decision‐making (CDM) and quality of life (QOL). Secondarily, how cultural factors relate to CDM and QOL among Israeli‐Jewish and Israeli‐Arab cancer survivors was explored.MethodsFifty‐one cancer survivors (68.6% females, 80.4% Israeli‐Jewish, 19.6% Israeli‐Arab, Mage = 21.45 years), at least 6 months post‐active treatment (Mtime = 5.75 years) completed self‐report questionnaires.ResultsMultiple regression analyses indicated that optimism, vulnerability, and past negative, present fatalistic, and future time perspective were significantly associated with QOL (F(6, 47) = 6.80, P < 0.001) and CDM (F(6, 47) = 2.46, P < 0.04). Perceived vulnerability explained the main portion of QOL variance with greater vulnerability associated with lowered QOL (β = 0.33, P < 0.001). Optimism was positively associated with QOL (β = 0.55, P < 0.02). Greater present fatalistic time perspective was associated with greater CDM difficulties (β = 0.32, P < 0.05). Multivariate analyses indicated greater past negative time perceptions (F(1, 46) = 8.92, P < 0.005) and fatalism about the future (F(1, 46) = 5.90, P < 0.02) among Israeli‐Arabs as compared to Israeli‐Jewish survivors. Israeli‐Jewish survivors were more optimistic than Israeli‐Arab survivors (F(1, 46) = 3.48, P < 0.065).ConclusionsVulnerability, optimism, and time perspective were significantly associated with QOL and CDM among Israeli AYA cancer survivors. Israeli‐Arabs viewed their pasts and futures more negatively and reported lower optimism than Israeli‐Jews. Implications for future research and interventions were considered. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:708–713. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute megakaryocytic leukemia (AMKL,FAB;M7) with Beckwith–wiedemann syndrome
Authors: Yamamoto Shohei , Toyama Daisuke , Yatsuki Hitomi , Higashimoto Ken , Soejima Hidenobu , Isoyama Keiichi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBeckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is characterized by an accumulation of multiple congenital anomalies. Although patients with BWS are known to have a higher incidence of embryonal tumors, there has been no reports associated with acute leukemia. This report describes the case of a patient with BWS who developed Acute Megakaryocytic Leukemia (AMKL,FAB;M7). Because most patients with BWS present gigantism, the therapy‐related toxicity of chemotherapy can be a very serious problem. This patient exhibited no therapy‐related toxicity after chemotherapy, suggesting that acute leukemia with BWS may not require a reduction in dosage. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:733–735. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thermal, rheological, mechanical, and dyeing property studies of poly(ethylene‐co‐trimethylene terephthalate) copolymer filaments
Authors: Zou Hantao , Wang Luoxin , Yi Changhai , Liu Hongtao , Xu Weilin 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe thermal and rheological properties of poly(ethylene‐co‐trimethylene terephthalate) (PETT) copolymer are investigated. The thermal behavior of PETT copolymers is dependent on the composition. The PETT‐15 and PETT‐85 copolymers can crystallize, whereas the PETT‐30 copolymer cannot crystallize at 5°C/min cooling rate. The copolymers have a good thermal stability, even though the addition of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) chain causes a disadvantage to the thermal stability of the copolymers. Moreover, the PETT copolymers are a typical pseudoplastic fluid exhibiting shear thinning. With increasing the shear rate or the content of PTT units, the flow activation energy decreases and the sensitivity of the shear viscosity to the melt temperature declines. The PETT copolymer filaments have intermediate elastic recovery and dyeability between poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and PTT filaments. With increasing the PTT content, the elastic recovery and dyeability of PETT copolymer filaments increase. That is to say, introducing PTT units as a minor component into the macromolecular chains is an available means to improve the properties of PET filament. The obtained PETT copolymer filaments blend the advantage of the mechanical property of PET and the elastic and dyeability of PTT filament together into one polymer and possess a softer feeling and a higher extension. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 50:1689–1695, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of poly(lactic acid) formulations comprising talc with poly(ethylene glycol)
Authors: Li Ming , Hu Defu , Wang Yaming , Shen Changyu 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe nonisothermal crystallization behavior of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) in the presence of talc with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was performed by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized optical microscopy. It was evidenced that talc together with PEG had a synergistic effect on enhancing the crystallization rate of PLA, despite the fact that the two additives had an opposite effect on the size and density of the spherulites. The nonisothermal crystallization data were analyzed by using three different kinetics models, namely, the Avrami, Ozawa, and Mo models. It was found that the Avrami method and the Mo model could describe the experimental data of the nonisothermal crystallization fairly well for all the specimens, whereas the Ozawa analysis failed to provide an adequate description of the nonisothermal crystallization of the PLA formulations comprising talc with PEG. The difference in the values of the Avrami exponent between neat PLA and its mixtures with talc and PEG suggested that the nonisothermal crystallization of the mixtures corresponds to a three‐dimensional growth with heterogeneous nucleation. The activation energy for nonisothermal crystallization of PLA formulations was evaluated based on the differential isoconversional method of Friedman. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Photovoltaics literature survey (No. 79)
Authors: Shrestha Santosh 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn order to help keep readers up‐to‐date in the field each issue ofProgress in Photovoltaicswill contain a list of recently published journal articles most relevant to its aims and scope. This list is drawn from an extremely wide range of journals, includingIEEE Transactions on Electron Devices,Journal of Applied Physics,Applied Physics Letters, Progress in Photovoltaics, andSolar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. To assist the reader, the list is separated into broad categories, but please note that these classifications are by no means strict. Also note that inclusion in the list is not an endorsement of a paper's quality.magnified image
Maßgeschneiderter optischer Raum. Transformationsoptik
Authors: Halimeh Jad C. , Ergin Tolga , Stenger Nicolas , Wegener Martin 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDie Transformationsoptik erlaubt Verformungen des optischen Raums, die denen der Raumzeit in der Allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie bei Anwesenheit von Materie ähneln. Von Fata Morganas ist der Effekt kontinuierlich veränderlicher Brechzahlprofile vertraut. Doch erst die Theorie der Transformationsoptik erlaubt die systematische Entwicklung völlig neuer optischer Funktionen. Computersimulationen des Karlsruhe Institute of Technology zeigen, wie eine Tarnkappe und eine kugelförmige Strahlumlenkung funktionieren könnten – zwei Beispiele für die ungeahnten prinzipiellen Möglichkeiten der Transformationsoptik. Die experimentelle Umsetzung im optischen Spektralbereich stellt allerdings noch eine große Herausforderung dar.
The mechanisms of hydrolysis of N‐alkyl O‐arylthioncarbamate esters
Authors: Humeres Eduardo , de Souza Eduardo P. , Debacher Nito A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe hydrolysis of N‐ethyl O‐p‐methoxyphenylthioncarbamate (EMeOT) at 50 °C was studied in the range of $H_o^X $ −3.6 to H− 13.7. The pH‐rate profile showed that the hydrolysis occurred through specific acid catalysis at pH <2, spontaneous hydrolysis at pH 2–3, and specific basic catalysis at pH >3. The excess acidity plot against X was linear with slope 0.93, and the Bunnett–Olsen coefficient was 0.07. The acid hydrolysis occurred by an A1 mechanism. The basic hydrolysis of EMeOT can be explained if the mechanism is E1cb. At pH >3 the rate constants increased, reaching a constant value indicating that the expulsion of the aryloxy is not concerted. The neutral species hydrolyzed with general base catalysis with Brønsted β = 0.63 ± 0.07. Water acted as a general base catalyst with (pseudo‐) first‐order rate constant kN = (2.6 ± 0.2) × 10−8 s−1, and inverse kinetic solvent isotope effect of $k_o^D /k_o^H = 2.76$ consistent with a transfer of the proton at a late transition state, as also supported by the highly negative entropy of activation (−31 cal K−1 mol−1). The polynomial expression of the proton inventory curve presented a minimum of the standard deviations that favors the assumption that there are three active protons. The N to O proton transfer to the water molecule forms an incipient hydron. The fractionation factor of the TS of the protons indicated that the hydron is ca. 68% developed at the transition state. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and structural characterization of dendritic‐linear PMA‐APM‐r‐PS copolymers for a self‐assembled microporous matrix
Authors: Hsieh Shang‐Ju , Wang Cheng‐Chien , Chen Chuh‐Yung 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA set of dendritic‐linear copolymers, poly(maleic anhydride‐grafted‐3,3′‐dimethyl‐(4‐aminophenylazanediyl)bis(2‐methylpropanoate))‐random‐polystyrene (PMA‐APM‐r‐PS), was successfully prepared by copolymerization of the novel dendritic macromonomer, 4‐(4‐(bis(3‐(4‐(bis(3‐methoxy‐2‐methyl‐3‐oxopropyl)amino)phenylamino)‐2‐methyl‐3‐oxopropyl)amino)phenylamino)‐4‐oxobut‐2‐enoic acid (MA‐APM), with styrene monomer. The dendritic MA‐APM macromonomer dendron 3,3′‐dimethyl‐(4‐aminophenylazanediyl)bis(2‐methylpropanoate) (APM) was then grafted by using the divergent growth method. FTIR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectra were used to identify the structures of the dendron, the dendritic macromonomer, and the dendritic‐linear PMA‐APM‐r‐PS copolymer. Furthermore, microporous dendritic‐linear PMA‐APM‐r‐PS copolymer films were prepared by using solvent‐induced phase separation at room temperature. We investigated the phase separation behavior and morphological structures of the dendritic‐linear copolymer film as functions of dendritic GMA‐HPAM segments in the content using SEM. Self‐assembly of the dendritic‐linear PMA‐APM‐r‐PS copolymer in the MG2‐X system, which represented the second generation dendron containing X wt % of the dendritic MA‐APM segment, resulted in submicron phase segregation. Interestingly, the submicron phase segregation morphology of the MG2–43 sample presented a uniform size distribution of ordered‐array structures. The results of this study demonstrate that controlling the appropriate macromonomer content via the grafting of a three‐dimensional structure results in a self‐assembly process that is capable of providing an ordered‐array microporous morphology in a polymer film. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 3290–3301, 2010
Well‐defined pH‐sensitive block glycopolymers via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer radical polymerization: Synthesis, characterization, and recognition with lectin
Authors: Liu Li , Zhang Jiechun , Lv Wenhui , Luo Yan , Wang Xiaojuan 
Published: June 2010

AbstractpH‐Sensitive block glycopolymers of poly(2‐(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDEAEMA) and poly(3‐O‐methacryloy‐α,β‐D‐glucopyranose) (PMAGlc) were synthesized via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) radical polymerization based on protected glycomonomer 3‐O‐methacryloyl‐1,2:5,6‐di‐O‐isopropylidene‐D‐glucofuranose (MAIpGlc). It was found that RAFT homopolymerization of MAIpGlc proceeded in a controlled fashion with 4‐cyanopentanoic acid dithiobenzoate as chain transfer agent. Using the dithioester‐capped PDEAEMA as macro‐RAFT agent, block copolymerization of MAIpGlc was in good control as indicated by the linear pseudo first‐order kinetic plot, the linear increment of number‐average molecular weights as well as narrow and symmetrical gel permeation chromatography peaks, and low polydispersities. Well‐defined diblock copolymers of DEAEMA and MAIpGlc were prepared successfully through the chain extension of PDEAEMA. The deprotection of MAIpGlc units in trifluoroacetic acid/H2O solution afforded PDEAEMA‐b‐PMAGlc block glycopolymer. The self‐assembly behavior of PDEAEMA‐b‐PMAGlc in aqueous solution was investigated by using 1H NMR, UV‐vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. The results demonstrated that spherical micelles with PDEAEMA as the hydrophobic cores and PMAGlc as the hydrophilic shells were formed in alkaline aqueous solution. These glucose‐installed micelles had specific recognition with Concanavalin A. The combination of pH‐sensitivity of PDEAEMA and biomolecular recognition of PMAGlc in one micellar system may create a multifunctional platform for targeted delivery, biomimetics, and biodection. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 3350–3361, 2010
Statistical potentials for fold assessment
Authors: Melo Francisco , Sánchez Roberto , Sali Andrej 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA protein structure model generally needs to be evaluated to assess whether or not it has the correct fold. To improve fold assessment, four types of a residue‐level statistical potential were optimized, including distance‐dependent, contact, ϕ/Ψ dihedral angle, and accessible surface statistical potentials. Approximately 10,000 test models with the correct and incorrect folds were built by automated comparative modeling of protein sequences of known structure. The criterion used to discriminate between the correct and incorrect models was the Z‐score of the model energy. The performance of a Z‐score was determined as a function of many variables in the derivation and use of the corresponding statistical potential. The performance was measured by the fractions of the correctly and incorrectly assessed test models. The most discriminating combination of any one of the four tested potentials is the sum of the normalized distance‐dependent and accessible surface potentials. The distance‐dependent potential that is optimal for assessing models of all sizes uses both Cα and Cβ atoms as interaction centers, distinguishes between all 20 standard residue types, has the distance range of 30 Å, and is derived and used by taking into account the sequence separation of the interacting atom pairs. The terms for the sequentially local interactions are significantly less informative than those for the sequentially nonlocal interactions. The accessible surface potential that is optimal for assessing models of all sizes uses Cβ atoms as interaction centers and distinguishes between all 20 standard residue types. The performance of the tested statistical potentials is not likely to improve significantly with an increase in the number of known protein structures used in their derivation. The parameters of fold assessment whose optimal values vary significantly with model size include the size of the known protein structures used to derive the potential and the distance range of the accessible surface potential. Fold assessment by statistical potentials is most difficult for the very small models. This difficulty presents a challenge to fold assessment in large‐scale comparative modeling, which produces many small and incomplete models. The results described in this study provide a basis for an optimal use of statistical potentials in fold assessment.
Ecotin: Lessons on survival in a protease‐filled world
Authors: Mcgrath Mary E. , Gillmor Sarah A. , Fletterick Robert J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractEcotin, an Escherichia coli periplasmic protein of 142 amino acids, has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of a group of homologous serine proteases with widely differing substrate recognition. It is highly effective against a number of enzymes, including both pancreatic and neutrophil‐derived elastases, chymotrypsin, trypsin, factor Xa, and kallikrein. Recent structural and functional studies on ecotin and its interactions with different serine proteases have clarified these initial observations and revealed the remarkable features of this protein in inhibiting a strikingly large subset of the chymotrypsin family of serine proteases. The structures of the ecotin:serine protease complexes provide the first examples of protein‐protein recognition where the concept of specificity of interactions needs to be reexamined. The binding sites show a fluidity of protein contacts derived from ecotin's innate flexibility in fitting itself to proteases while strongly interfering with their function.
NMR structure determination of tick anticoagulant peptide (TAP)
Authors: Lim‐Wilby Marguerita S.L. , Vlasuk George P. , Brunck Terence K. , Hallenga Klaas , Maeyer Marc De , Lasters Ignace 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTick anticoagulant peptide (TAP) is a potent and selective 60‐amino acid inhibitor of the serine protease Factor Xa (fXa), the penultimate enzyme in the blood coagulation cascade. The structural features of TAP responsible for its remarkable specificity for fXa are unknown, but the binding to its target appears to be unique. The elucidation of the TAP structure may facilitate our understanding of this new mode of serine protease inhibition and could provide a basis for the design of novel fXa inhibitors. Analyses of homo‐ and heteronuclear two‐dimensional NMR spectra (total correlation spectroscopy, nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy [NOESY], constant time heteronuclear single quantum correlation spectroscopy [CT‐HSQC], and HSQC‐NOESY; 600 MHz; 1.5 mM TAP; pH 2.5) of unlabeled, 13C‐labeled, and 15N‐labeled TAP provided nearly complete 1H sequence‐specific resonance assignments. Secondary structural elements were identified by characteristic NOE patterns and D2O amide proton‐exchange experiments. A three‐dimensional structure of TAP was generated from 412 NOESY‐derived distance and 47 dihedral angle constraints. The structural elements of TAP are similar in some respects to those of the Kunitz serine protease inhibitor family, with which TAP shares weak sequence homology. This structure, coupled with previous kinetic and biochemical information, confirms previous suggestions that TAP has a unique mode of binding to fXa.
Mechanical deformation enhances catalytic activity of crystalline carboxypeptidase A
Authors: Zenchenko Tatyana A. , Morozov Victor N. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA new approach for investigating mechano‐chemical interactions in enzymes is described. The catalytic activity of crystalline crosslinked enzymes subjected to uniaxial deformation has been measured. Extension of monoclinic P21 crystals of carboxypeptidase A along the [010] direction leads to a many‐fold increase in catalytic esterase activity with no changes in the effective Michaelis constant. This increase is interpreted as due to liberation of conformational mobility associated with catalytic activity of the enzyme in the deformed crystal.
Profiles for the analysis of immunoglobulin sequences: Comparison of V gene subgroups
Authors: Harris Linda , Bajorath Jürgen 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA format for the structure‐oriented analysis of immunoglobulin (Ig) variable region sequences is presented and applied to generate sequence profiles for comparison of heavy‐ and light‐chain subgroups. The profile allows simultaneous evaluation of sequences and structural information and can be used for a number of different applications.