bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Early Water Breakthrough and Effectiveness of Water Shut off Treatments in Layered and Heterogeneous Reservoirs
Authors: Ghedan Shawket , Boloushi Younes , Khan Karim , Saleh Moutaz 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Progressive percentage of total fluid produced in the oil industry is formation brine. Ever, increasing water cut will reduce oil recovery, diminish wells' productivity and increase cost of eventual artificial lift and produced water handling. This paper investigated the problem of early water development in layered and heterogeneous reservoirs and determined the effect of different reservoir parameters on the development of water front movement in the presence of what is considered as a thief zone. A water injection in a line-staggered pattern was simulated to analyze the effect of various reservoir parameters on the water breakthrough time, WBTT, and the evolution of water front in the thief zone as well as other reservoir layers.
Sensitivity analysis was conducted to investigate and determine the effect of most reservoir parameters that would cause and aggravate irregular advancement of injected water resulting in early water breakthrough and high water cut wells. These reservoir parameters included layers' horizontal permeability, Kv/Kh ratio, and thickness of high permeability layers. Threshold of these parameters beyond which its effect would be constant was determined to help operators to predict the possibility of early water breakthrough through thief zones for better waterflood performance and hence better decision making process.
From the first part of the study, a range of extreme cases was then selected to test the effectiveness of the currently available water shut off, WSO, methods of Cement squeeze, polymer-gel, as well as mechanical isolation. This paper simulated these WSO treatments to investigate its effectiveness in delaying the water breakthrough time, reducing high water cuts, and reducing the water handling problem. The paper summarizes the applicability of these WSO treatment methods and the condition under which they are effective and when they are not so.
Novel In-Situ Combustion Technique Using a Semi-Permeable Igniter Assembly
Authors: Limkar Parikshit S. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
In-Situ combustion process is one of the most suitable methods, which are being applied to heavy oil reservoir. It has out-performed in many respects, as compared to other recovery methods such as, polymer flooding, surfactant flooding and ASP flooding, etc. However there are certain issues that have been posing hindrance to the efficient sweeping of the reservoir in a secondary and tertiary application of this recovery method such as, high air requirement in order to burn all the deposited coke, high residual saturation in the swept/burned zone and long initial period to initiate sponteneous ignition in the reservoir. This paper proposes the novel technique in order to perform conventional wet in-situ combustion operation in a maximum efficient way, which overcomes the issues discussed above.
Permeability Updating of the Simulation Model Using 4D Seismic Data
Authors: Villegas R. , MacBeth C. , Paydayesh M. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
In this paper we present a practical methodology for updating the reservoir simulation model by incorporating permeability derived directly from time-lapse seismic data. The proposed method builds new permeability distributions by integrating the prior 3D simulation model with 2D permeability maps from the time-lapse seismic results. Application of this approach to a West of the Shetland Isles turbidite field under waterflood shows that the misfit to the water cut data can be improved. The updates using this procedure appear to provide a good alternative to those obtained using a conventional gradient based history matching tool on its own. The main advantage of our methodology is the ease of implementation but also that the largely uncertain petroelastic model can be avoided when history matching to the time-lapse seismic data.
A New Enriched Finite Element Method to Simulate Hydrocarbon Reservoirs Containing Subsurface Features
Authors: Huang Hao , Wan Jing , Dale Bruce , Brown William , Long Ted 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
In this paper, we present a new computational framework to simulate reservoirs containing complicated geological and engineering features (for example, faults, induced or natural fractures, and perforations). Unlike traditional computational methods, the new approach does not require the mesh to honor the geometrical shapes of subsurface features. The effects of these features on the solution are captured by enriching the finite element approximation based on the Partition of Unity theory.
This new simulation capability eliminates the laborious meshing work traditionally required for modeling complicated subsurface features without compromising solution accuracy. It is especially useful in the detailed analysis of near-well physics where subsurface features at this scale need to be modeled both accurately and efficiently. In cases where the subsurface features are evolving, the computational mesh does not have to know a priori the shape of the evolving subsurface features. This method is particularly useful in the study of curvature changes of hydraulic fractures due to evolving stress fields away from the well.
A number of examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The examples are grouped into three broader application areas: (1) well performance analysis of fractured completions, (2) deformation characteristics of reservoirs containing fracture networks, and (3) simulation of fracture interference and re-orientation.
Ready for Gas Injection: Asphaltene Risk Evaluation by Mathematical Modeling of Asphaltene Precipitation Envelope (APE) With Integration of all Laboratory Deliverables
Authors: Yonebayashi Hideharu , Masuzawa Tsutomu , Dabbouk Chawki , Urasaki Daisuke 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
An offshore carbonate oil field in the Arabian Gulf is exhibiting asphaltene deposition problem mainly inside tubing of production wells completed in one of two main producible limestone reservoirs. This problem significantly reduces well profitability due to production loss and frequent asphaltene removal job (solvent soaking). Furthermore, future full-field EOR development, namely gas injection, is now planned and might have a risk to enhance the asphaltene problem. Therefore, comprehensive study has been carried out not only to establish less frequent and more effective remedy than the current action but also to evaluate a future risk of gas injection.
The study was initiated with careful review of the fundamental measurements, collected during the 20 years production history, of asphaltene properties, i.e. SARA (saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes) analysis, asphaltene contents, AOP (asphaltene onset pressure) measurement, etc. Subsequently, the mathematical modeling analysis using those properties was incorporated into the study in order to develop APE (asphaltene precipitation envelope) for better understanding/predicting of asphaltene precipitation behavior. Therefore, this paper describes the integration/optimization of the APE modeling based on all available laboratory data, and consequently suggests representative APE. The APE model validity was evaluated by comparison with actual observation data in the problematic reservoir.
Based on the mathematical models once established, several sensitivities, namely mixing with injection gas and blending oils produced from two main producible reservoirs, were investigated in order to assess impacts of the future EOR on asphaltene risk from sub-surface and surface point of views. Several types of injection gas were examined, and their risks were compared and identified. Consequently, the surface facility design was adequately modified and optimized in order to minimize asphaltene risk assisted by gas injection.
Tunisian Sidi El Kilani Oil Field Modeling
Authors: Al Ajeel Mohamed , Aladwani Faisal 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
For more than 30 years of exploration in Tunisia, the Upper Cretaceous Campanian - Maastrichtien Abiod formation carbonates were not considered as a potential reservoir. This view was held in spite of the numerous hydrocarbon shows observed in several wells. With the discovery of oil in Maamoura followed by Sidi El Kilani (SLK) and Zinnia, the Abiod formation carbonates have become the focus of further exploration interest in northern and central Tunisia.
The attraction of this play is enhanced by the presence of fractures and an excellent overlaying seal provided by the formation shales. The Tunisian Sidi El Kilani Field was discovered by Kuwait Foreign Petroleum Exploration Company (KUFPEC) in 1989 with the successful drilling and completion of SLK-1 well, which tested 3,360 bopd from fractured limestones of the Campanian-Mastrichtian Abiod formation. Production commenced from several SLK wells in 1993 and cumulative production had passed 45 mmbo by the end of January 2005.
3D seismic survey along with several boreholes studies were conducted to better understand and characterize the fractured reservoir behavior within the hydrocarbon system. In late 2004 KUFPEC decided to run 3D visualization reservoir modeling for understanding the geological, geophysical and petrophysical data that is available to estimate the remaining reserves.
The main result gained from this study is indicated by the new reserve calculation and adding 2 million barrel of oil as a new recoverable attic reserve from SLK field to KUFPEC reserves.
Answers to Some Questions About the Coupling Between Fluid Flow and Rock Deformation in Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Inoue Nelson , da Fontoura Sergio A. B. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
In recent years operators have shown great interest in the coupling between the multiphase fluid flow and the rock deformation in oil reservoirs and surrounding rocks. Frequently, the geomechanical effects are approximated in a conventional reservoir simulation through only the rock compressibility. This means that the stresses in the reservoir and surrounding rocks may not be in equilibrium with the pore pressure, since the geomechanical behavior is not considered. The ideal solution for this coupled problem is to introduce the geomechanical effects through the stress analysis solution and to implement a scheme that assures that the governing laws of the flow simulation and stress analysis are obeyed simultaneously in each time step. It was developed one methodology to couple a conventional reservoir simulator (ECLIPSE) and a stress analysis program (Abaqus/CAE) that employs the pseudo-compressibility and the porosity as coupling parameters. It was implemented a C++ source code that manages all the work flow of the partial coupling in a fully automated manner. Two schemes of partial coupling were implemented: a) an iteratively two way coupled scheme and b) a one way coupled scheme. In this paper, it was examined the hydromechanical interaction results of these coupling schemes evaluating a problem of the soft reservoir and its surrounding stiff rock that was presented in others works. The results of average pore pressure in the reservoir, pore pressure field, subsidence and compaction were calculated. The results of the simulations using pseudo-compressibility as a coupling parameter in an iteratively two way coupled scheme are showed and compared with a fully coupled scheme.
Optimization of 3-D Gas Permeability Measurement: Utilization of Field Data
Authors: Belhaj Hadi , Mtawaa Bechir , Haroun Mohammed , Lay Terry 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Gas permeability measurement is introduced to replace liquid permeability that has been associated with several complications and thus poses serious concerns. The resultant permeability value is an average property of the whole sample based on Darcy's approach. The Automated Probe Gas Permeameter (APGP) is gaining greater acceptance in lab and field applications for its simplicity and flexibility in measuring permeability at any petite spot on a sample surface and the ability to take measurements from irregular-shaped/different-sized samples at relatively short time intervals as compared to conventional techniques. The main concerns regarding the minimum sample size that can sustain permeability measurement, the question of how far the permeameter probe should be placed away from the boundary of the sample and the optimum size of the probe raise many doubts about the fate of this technology.
The lab program utilized five standard Berea sandstone samples, three carbonate samples retrieved from currently producing oil reservoirs and one outcrop limestone sample. Obtained data have been analyzed using a designated regression package of modeling variograms. An analysis of bivariate modeling has been used to relate measured permeability to petrophysical properties of samples; mainly porosity, bulk permeability, pore throat quality/distribution and fracture parameters, if any.
Existed concerns about the use of the Automated Probe Gas Permeameter have been investigated. Results show a strong relation between sample size, lateral/axial radius of investigation, and measured permeability. Other petrophysical properties show interesting, but moderate relationships. Fractured and vugy samples should be treated very carefully in terms of deciding probe position and data interpretation.
Employment of set criterion may dramatically increase the implementation of the Automated Probe Gas Permeameter and improve confidence in resulting data. Field utilization of the equipment enhances efficiency in decision making right on the spot.
Simulation of CO2 Storage in Saline Aquifers
Authors: Nghiem Long , Shrivastava Vijay , Tran David , Kohse Bruce , Hassam Mohamed , Yang Chaodong 
Published: October 2009

Summary
This paper describes the essential features for the simulation of CO2 storage in saline aquifers. Important physical processes that occur during CO2 storage are addressed: solubility trapping, residual gas trapping, mineral trapping and caprock integrity. The paper shows how these modeling techniques can be used to design a CO2 storage process in saline aquifers.
The following results are obtained: Solubility trapping and residual gas trapping are competing mechanisms. Residual gas trapping is important in low-permeability aquifers and water injection can be used to accelerate and enhance residual gas trapping. Mineral trapping is a very slow process and depends on the mineralogy of the aquifers. Geomechanics calculations coupled with the flow simulation can be used to predict potential failure of the caprock and subsequent leakage of CO2 to upper formations.
Effect of Growth Regulators on Peanut “Florman Inta” Regeneration
Authors: Faustinelli P. C. , Racca R. W. , Collino D. J. , de L. Avila A. , Ozias-Akins P. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Tissue culture is a necessary tool in the genetic modification of peanut for the improvement of its agronomic and nutritional attributes. Since genotype can affect tissue culture responses, the main objective of this research was to determine the optimum concentration of auxins and cytokinins in the basal media needed for organogenesis from Arachis hypogaea L. cv. Florman INTA. The first two leaves (2–5 mm in length) were dissected from aseptically germinated seeds and cultivated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 16 combinations of α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (0.01 and 1 mg/l) and benzyladenine (BAP) or kinetin (KIN) (1 to 10 mg/l) during the initiation stage. Bud regeneration occurred in all growth regulator combinations, but the maximum number of buds per explant (1.2) was regenerated at 1 mg/l NAA with 3 mg/l BAP. Development of buds into shoots was readily achieved by transferring regenerated buds onto fresh medium containing 0.01 mg/l NAA (without BAP). Roots were induced to grow when shoots were transferred to medium containing 3 mg/l of NAA. The vigorous root system allowed for a high survival rate of the plantlets after transplanting. The overall efficiency of the system was 15%. Plants transplanted into soil were completely normal and capable of producing seeds.
Factors Influencing Response of Virginia Market Type Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) to Paraquat under Weed-Free Conditions
Authors: Carley Danésha S. , Jordan David L. , Brandenburg Rick L. , Dharmasri L. Cecil 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Experiments were conducted during 2003 and 2004 to determine if peanut yield and market grade characteristics differed when paraquat was applied 24 to 28 days after emergence to peanut seeded in early, mid-, and late May and early June. Peanut pod yield and percentages of extra large kernels, total sound mature kernels, and farmer stock fancy pods were affected by planting date and paraquat independently. Paraquat did not affect yield compared with non-treated peanut regardless of planting date. In other experiments from 2003–2005, peanut was planted with or without aldicarb in the seed furrow and followed either paraquat applied 24 to 28 days after emergence or 2,4-DB applied in mid-August during 2003 and 2004. In 2005, experiments included a no-paraquat control rather than 2,4-DB. Pod yield was reduced at 3 of 9 sites due to damage from tobacco thrips, Franklinella fusca Hinds, feeding when aldicarb was not applied. Paraquat reduced yield in 4 experiments during 2005 but not in 5 experiments during 2003–2004. Aldicarb and paraquat affected peanut independently. Experiments were also conducted during 2005 and 2006 to compare interactions of paraquat formulations alone or with co-applied herbicides. Paraquat formulation (Gramoxone INTEON versus Gramoxone MAX or Firestorm) did not affect peanut response to paraquat, and interactions of paraquat formulation (Gramoxone MAX or Gramoxone INTEON) with bentazon, bentazon plus diclosulam, bentazon plus dimethenamid, bentazon plus imazethapyr, and bentazon plus S-metolachlor was similar to paraquat alone. Peanut injury and pod yield was the same when paraquat (Gramoxone INTEON) was applied alone or with carfentrazone and was similar to carfentrazone alone.
Comparison of Virginia-Type Peanut Cultivars and Interspecific Hybrid Derived Breeding Lines for Leaf Spot Resistance, Yield, and Grade
Authors: Tallury S. P. , Isleib T. G. , Stalker H. T. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDisease resistant cultivars with good quality are needed by U.S. peanut growers to lower production costs. In the Virginia-Carolina (V-C) production area, use of resistant cultivars to reduce leaf spots would be a cost-effective and environmentally safe alternative to chemical applications. Twenty-six interspecific hybrid derived breeding lines with 5 Arachis species in their pedigrees, six resistant A. hypogaea checks and 11 susceptible cultivars were evaluated for leaf spot resistance in field tests at the Peanut Belt Research Station in Lewiston, NC from 2004 to 2006 without leaf spot fungicides. Defoliation was rated on a 1–9 proportional scale with 1  =  no defoliation (resistant) and a 9  =  complete defoliation (susceptible). The mean defoliation score of the cultivars was 6.8±0.1 (range  =  6.4 to 7.4), compared to 5.3±0.1 (range  =  4.4 to 6.3) for the interspecific hybrid derived breeding lines. Some of the interspecific hybrid derived breeding lines showed levels of leaf spot resistance similar to the resistant A. hypogaea checks (mean  =  4.3±0.2), suggesting that these breeding lines contain genes conditioning resistance to the leaf spots. The combined mean yield of the cultivars was 2709±103 kg/ha (range  =  2296 kg/ha to 3070 kg/ha), whereas that of the interspecific hybrid derived breeding lines was 3169±119 kg/ha (range  =  2467 kg/ha to 3767 kg/ha). Evaluation of selected grade characteristics showed that several interspecific hybrid derived breeding lines have grade similar to those of the commercial cultivars. Sixteen of the 26 interspecific hybrid derived breeding lines with five different diploid species in their pedigrees and NC 7, the commercial flavor standard for the V-C area, were also evaluated for sensory quality. No significant variation among test entries was found for the roasted peanut, sweet, or bitter sensory attributes. This suggests that high levels of leaf spot resistance can be combined with superior yield, grade and other quality factors and that some of these lines may become useful for commercial production in the V-C area.
Peanut Yield and Grade Responses to Timing of Bahiagrass Termination and Tillage in a Sod-based Crop Rotation
Authors: Zhao Duli , Wright David L. , Marois James J. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Rotation of row crops with perennial grasses has been shown to improve soil quality characteristics, decrease pest incidence, and increase crop yield. Experiments were conducted in Florida during 2006 and 2007 at Marianna and Quincy to determine effects of termination date and subsequent tillage of established bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum L.) on peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) yield and market grade characteristics when rotating from bahiagrass to a row crop. Treatments included two bahiagrass termination dates (fall vs. spring) and six tillage methods [strip-till (in-row subsoiling), disk plus moldboard plow, disk plus chisel, disk plus paratill plus strip-till, disk, and strip-till with 45 kg N/ha]. Bahiagrass termination timing did not affect soil mechanical resistance, peanut yield or market grade characteristics, including percentages of sound mature kernels, split kernels, other kernels, and hulls. Although significant differences in soil mechanical resistance were detected among tillage treatments, peanut yield did not differ among the tillage methods except for the disk alone in 2007 at Quincy. Strip-till peanut yield did not respond to N application. When pooled over termination timing, peanut yields in strip-till, disk plus moldboard plow, disk plus chisel, disk plus paratill plus strip-till, disk, and strip-till plus 45 N were 4830, 5000, 4810, 4810, 4770, and 4620 kg/ha, respectively. These results indicate that when using perennial grasses in sod-based rotations, farmers have a wide window from fall to spring to terminate bahiagrass for optimum peanut production regardless of tillage system.
Antifungal Activity in Transgenic Peanut (Arachis hypogaeaL.) Conferred by a Nonheme Chloroperoxidase Gene
Authors: Niu C. , Akasaka-Kennedy Y. , Faustinelli P. , Joshi M. , Rajasekaran K. , Yang H. , Chu Y. , Cary J. , Ozias-Akins P. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA nonheme chloroperoxidase gene (cpo-p) from Pseudomonas pyrrocinia, a growth inhibitor of mycotoxin-producing fungi, was introduced into peanut via particle bombardment. The expression of the cpo-p gene is predicted to increase pathogen defense in peanut. Embryogenic peanut tissues were bombarded with gold particles coated with plasmid pRT66 carrying the cpo-p and hygromycin phosphotransferase (hph) genes, under the control of a double CaMV 35S and a single CaMV 35S promoter, respectively. Selection for hygromycin-resistant somatic embryos was performed on a liquid medium containing 10–20 mg/L hygromycin 3–4 days after bombardment. The integration and expression of the cpo-p gene was confirmed by Southern, Northern and Western blot analyses. In vitro bioassay using crude protein extracts from transgenic T0, T1, and T4 plants showed inhibition of Aspergillus flavus hyphal growth, which could translate to a reduction in aflatoxin contamination of peanut seed.