bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using ergonomic digital human modeling in evaluation of workplace design and prevention of work‐related musculoskeletal disorders aboard small fishing vessels
Authors: Álvarez‐Casado Enrique , Zhang Bing , Sandoval Sonia Tello , Pedro Mondelo 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis article seeks to present methods for preventing work‐related musculoskeletal disorders of Spanish fishermen and for redesigning the workplace aboard small fishing vessels. To achieve its objective, the research project was designed in four steps. First, the equipment and procedures for catching, handling, and storing fish were studied. Second, the work postures of all the fishermen were simulated and assessed by using an ergonomic digital human modeling system (ManneQuin Pro). Third, the work environment design aboard vessels was modified on the basis of acceptable simulated work postures to prevent repetitive movements, awkward working postures, and lower back biomechanical stresses. In the fourth step, ergonomic design parameters were provided to vessel designers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Examining protective factors and risk factors in urban and rural head start Preschoolers
Authors: Bender Stacy L. , Fedor Megan C. , Carlson John S. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis study examined a comprehensive screening model within children attending Head Start programs from urban (n =232) and rural (n= 231) communities. The Devereux Early Childhood Assessment (DECA; LeBuffe & Naglieri,1999) was used to measure social‐emotional protective factors (i.e., Total Protective Factors [TPF]) and risk factors (i.e., Behavior Concerns [BC]) within children that resided in two different community settings. Children from low‐income rural programs received higher scores on a subscale measuring children's relationship to adults (i.e., Attachment subscale). Additionally, children from low‐income urban programs received higher scores on children's ability to self‐regulate (i.e., Self‐Control subscale). Significant differences between children from rural and urban settings were not found on the primary scales (BC or TPF) of the DECA. Statistically significant gender differences by community‐type were not found. Findings contribute to the literature by illustrating that community characteristics might influence the development of different social‐emotional behaviors in preschool children. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The mediating influence of organizational characteristics in the relationship between organizational type and relational power: an extension of psychological empowerment research
Authors: Wilke Lindsay A. , Speer Paul W. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractProcesses of psychological empowerment for members of community‐based organizations may be strongly influenced by organizational factors. Using survey data from a random sample of urban residents (n = 974), the present study examines how individual perceptions of empowering features of organizations (group‐based belief system, role opportunity, leadership, and social support) and sense of community relate to participants' psychological empowerment. Relational power, a hypothesized component of interactional empowerment, is examined as the dependent variable. Structural equation modeling highlights a mediating relationship in the development of an understanding of relational power. The study extends prior research on the predictors of psychological empowerment and discusses the relationship between the development of individual member and organizational empowerment. By determining specific features of organizations that are associated with member empowerment, community psychology may be able to better aid organizations in building capacity to enact transformational community change. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Substituent effects in the ring‐chain tautomerism of 4‐alkyl‐2‐aryl substituted oxazolidines and tetrahydro‐1,3‐oxazines
Authors: Juhász Márta , Lázár László , Fülöp Ferenc 
Published: October 2011

Abstractmagnified imageThe condensation products of 2‐aminoethanol or 3‐aminopropanol (bearing an alkyl substituent on the carbon adjacent to the nitrogen) with substituted benzaldehydes proved to exist in CDCl3 at 300 K as threecomponent tautomeric mixtures of the diastereomeric five‐ or six‐membered 1,3‐O,N‐heterocyclic ring forms and the corresponding imines. For each equilibrium, the electronic effects of the 2‐aryl substituents were characterized by the Hammett equation. The steric effects of the alkyl groups could be described by Hansch‐type equations for the equilibria involving oxazolidine ring forms. While the alkyl substituents did not cause any significant effect on the ring cis‐chain and the ring trans‐chain equilibria for tetrahydro‐1,3‐oxazines, increasing bulk of the 4‐alkyl group increased the stability of the cyclic tautomers for the analogous oxazolidines.
Free‐breathing imaging of the heart using 2D cine‐GRICS (generalized reconstruction by inversion of coupled systems) with assessment of ventricular volumes and function
Authors: Vuissoz Pierre‐André , Odille Freddy , Fernandez Brice , Lohezic Maelene , Benhadid Adnane , Mandry Damien , Felblinger Jacques 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPurpose:To assess cardiac function by means of a novel free‐breathing cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) strategy.Materials and Methods:A stack of ungated 2D steady‐state free precession (SSFP) slices was acquired during free breathing and reconstructed as cardiac cine imaging based on the generalized reconstruction by inversion of coupled systems (GRICS). A motion‐compensated sliding window approach allows reconstructing cine movies with most motion artifacts cancelled. The proposed reconstruction uses prior knowledge from respiratory belts and electrocardiogram recordings and features a piecewise linear model that relates the electrocardiogram signal to cardiac displacements. The free‐breathing protocol was validated in six subjects against a standard breath‐held protocol.Results:Image sharpness, as assessed by the image gradient entropy, was comparable to that of breath‐held images and significantly better than in uncorrected images. Volumetric parameters of cardiac function in the left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) were similar, including end‐systolic volumes, end‐diastolic volumes and mass, stroke volumes, and ejection fractions (with differences of 3% ± 2.4 in the LV and 2.9% ± 4.4 in the RV). The duration of the free‐breathing protocol was nearly the same as the breath‐held protocol.Conclusion:Free‐breathing cine‐GRICS enables accurate assessment of volumetric parameters of cardiac function with efficient correction of motion. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;340‐351. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comprehensive brain analysis with automated high‐resolution magnetization transfer measurements
Authors: Wu Ying , Du Hongyan , Storey Pippa , Glielmi Christopher , Malone Fiona , Sidharthan Shawn , Ragin Ann , Tofts Paul S. , Edelman Robert R. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPurpose:To enhance the reliability and spatial resolution of magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) measurements for interrogation of subcortical brain regions with an automated volume of interest (VOI) approach.Materials and Methods:A 3D magnetization transfer (MT) sequence was acquired using a scan‐rescan imaging protocol in nine healthy volunteers. VOI definition masks for the MTR measurements were generated using FreeSurfer and compared to a manual region of interest (ROI) approach. (The longitudinal stability of MTR was monitored using agar gel phantom over a 5‐month period.) Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), coefficients of variation (CVs), and instrumental standard deviation (ISD) were determined.Results:CVs ranged from 1.29%–2.64% (automated) vs. 1.30%–3.40% (manual). ISDs ranged from 0.62–1.10 pu (automated) vs. 0.68–1.67 pu (manual). The SD of the running difference was 1.70% for the phantom scans. The Bland–Altman method indicated interchangeability of the automated VOI and manual ROI measurements.Conclusion:The automated VOI approach for MTR measurement yielded higher ICCs, lower CVs, and lower ISDs compared to the manual method, supporting the utility of this strategy. These results demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining reliable MTR measurements in hippocampus and other critical subcortical regions. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;309‐317. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pseudo‐random arterial modulation (PRAM): A novel arterial spin labeling approach to measure flow and blood transit times
Authors: Taei‐Tehrani Mohammad‐Reza , Van Osch Matthias J.P. , Brown Truman R. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPurpose:To investigate blood flow and transit time measurement, using the pseudo‐random arterial modulation (PRAM).Materials and Methods:PRAM is based on a pseudo‐random sequence of inversions and noninversions of the arterial blood at a labeling plane inferior to the imaging plane. To accomplish this, a pseudo‐continuous tagging is used to create inversion or noninversion prepulses before a gradient echo sequence and tested on phantoms and human volunteers.Results:We have shown here that the PRAM technique can measure the velocity profile and the transit time accurately and efficiently both in a phantom and in vivo in a human brain.Conclusion:PRAM does not require separate control and label acquisition as is common in arterial spin labeling (ASL) but rather measures the distribution of transit times to a voxel within one integrated scan. The PRAM method is a model‐free approach in measuring transit time distributions, and therefore ultimately should provide more accurate perfusion measurements. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:223‐228. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The combined use of two RapidRhino packs instead of anteroposterior packing for the control of severe epistaxis
Authors: Kousoulis Panagiotis , Hajiioannou Jiannis , Konstandinidis Georgios 
Published: October 2011

AbstractEpistaxis is a common ear, nose, and throat emergency, and severe cases are traditionally controlled by the placement of anteroposterior nasal packing. In this article, a way of controlling severe epistaxis with the combination of two RapidRhino packs is described. Although not always successful, it is a technique that in the majority of patients can control severe bleeding faster, easier, with decreased pain, and increased patient comfort, compared to the traditional anteroposterior nasal packing.
Einfluss von Losbrechkräften auf das dynamische Verhalten von O‐Ring‐Dichtungen
Authors: Nepp Ringo , Kröger Matthias 
Published: October 2011

AbstractUnterschiede zwischen Haft‐ und Gleitreibkräften führen zu dynamischen Anregungen. Insbesondere Losbrechkräfte von Dichtungen in Stoßdämpfern, Kupplungen, Lenk‐ und Bremssystemen verursachen Probleme wie Schwingungen und Geräusche. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Modellierung, Simulation und experimentelle Untersuchung der Systemdynamik mit einem Schwerpunkt auf der Kontaktbeschreibung. Dabei spielt die Abhängigkeit der Losbrechkräfte von der Haftzeit, der Geschwindigkeit und der Beschleunigung eine besondere Rolle. Diese Abhängigkeiten werden durch einen neuen Dichtungsprüfstand untersucht, der besonders darauf ausgelegt ist, schnelle Geschwindigkeitsänderungen durch eine hohe Beschleunigung zu realisieren. (© 2010 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Interfacial model for crash resistant adhesives of ductile‐modified epoxy resins
Authors: Matzenmiller A. , Burbulla F. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDebonding in adhesive joints is modelled and analyzed with the concept of interfacial mechanics. Material equations are presented for the inelastic behaviour of ductile‐modified epoxy resins. A two surface function for the onset of yielding is advantageously expressed in terms of the stress vector on the interface. The theory may be extended to material softening due to damage and to rate dependency. This simple constitutive model is not stable in the sense of Drucker's postulate. Therefore, the non‐associated flow rule is modified with a quadratic stress‐dependent plastic potential. The material parameters are identified by means of the finite‐element simulation of the experimental setup for a bluntly glued double steel tube sample. The numerical performance of this modified model is tested at an adhesively bonded joint in the form of a T‐intersection. (© 2010 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Steady state fluorescence to study nanocomposites based on silica nanoparticles and thermoplastic polymer matrices
Authors: Barroso I. , González‐Benito J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSteady state fluorescence was used to study the interfaces of composites formed by silica nanoparticles and three polymers: poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA), polystyrene (PS), and low density polyethylene (LDPE). The fluorescent response from the pyrene‐1‐sulfonamide (PSA) was used to study changes appearing in its immediate surroundings. Molecular dynamics of the polymers was studied monitoring the fluorescent response from the PSA as a function of temperature. When the fluorophore was dispersed within the polymers, information from their bulk was obtained while, attaching the fluorophore to the surface of the silica nanoparticles, information from the interface was collected. In the case of the amorphous polymer matrices (PMMA and PS), the presence of silica nanoparticles exerts a small constrain effect by reducing the chain mobility. In the case of the semicrystalline thermoplastic polymer (LDPE) when nanoparticles are not present, only one clear relaxation assigned to the typical diffusion‐like motion of chain segments in the crystallites has been observed. However, when nanoparticles are within the polymer, three relaxations are clearly observed: one in the interlamellar amorphous phase and two due to diffusion‐like motion of chain segments in the crystallites under or without the influence of the nanoparticles, respectively. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effects of glucose‐lowering drugs on body weight in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Haslam David , Sinclair Alan , Krentz Andrew 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe risk of developing type 2 diabetes is greatly increased in patients who are overweight, and weight gain is an unwanted adverse effect of the older glucose‐lowering drugs. The authors examine the beneficial effects on bodyweight associated with the use of newer agents in type 2 diabetes. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Interface Ltd
Laser‐induced damage and destruction of HiPCO nanotubes in different gas environments
Authors: Mases Mattias , Noël Maxime , Dossot Manuel , McRae Edward , Soldatov Alexander V. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe have studied the thermal and chemical stability of HiPCO‐produced single‐walled carbon nanotube bundles to high laser power in air and argon. The samples were exposed to 110 kW/cm2 during 8 h with a 1.96 eV laser and the temperature was monitored via downshift of G+‐Raman peak. The structural changes in the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) caused by laser heating were monitored by recording their Raman spectra at ambient T (reference conditions) to ensure unaltered resonance conditions. The initial temperature was estimated to be 550 °C and 870 °C in air and argon, respectively. The Raman signal intensity from the CNTs radial breathing mode (RBM) increased rapidly at the beginning of the laser heating both under air and argon due to desorption of impurities for all but the smallest diameter CNTs. The temperature dropped by 30% under argon and 60% under air due to destruction of the absorbers – CNTs in resonance with incident radiation. The final RBM spectra exhibited intensity loss only for the smallest diameter CNTs in argon atmosphere and for all but the largest diameter CNTs in air. Our results demonstrate the importance of (i) impurity desorption from exterior and interior of CNTs; (ii) different temperature thresholds for the CNT destruction due to oxidation and overheating; (iii) the role of photon absorbers on the thermal stability of the sample. The small diameter CNTs are more easily destroyed than large diameter ones. The metallic nanotubes also tend to have lower thermal stability.
Large‐area fabrication of equidistant free‐standing Si crystals on nanoimprinted glass
Authors: Sontheimer Tobias , Rudigier‐Voigt Eveline , Bockmeyer Matthias , Klimm Carola , Schubert‐Bischoff Peter , Becker Christiane , Rech Bernd 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBy combining nanoimprint lithography with the emerging high‐rate deposition technique electron‐beam evaporation of amorphous Si, we developed a low‐cost fabrication process for the design of periodic arrays of Si crystals on large areas of 50 cm2 in a solid phase crystallization and subsequent selective etch process. The method allows for precise control over the feature size of the crystals. The promising absorption properties of the features and the versatility and simplicity of the preparation process inspire the development of three‐dimensional solar cell architectures and tailored large‐area photonic crystals.magnified imageCross‐sectional SEM image of periodic arrays of Si crystals on nanoimprinted glass(© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A knowledge cards classification method with conversion loss correction for incomplete translation dictionary
Authors: Cai Li , Wang Zuoqi , Akiyoshi Masanori , Komoda Norihisa 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis paper discusses a classification method on knowledge cards including Japanese and Chinese description in offshore software development company. On the basis of the existing classification system of Japanese questionnaire cards for market analysis, our proposed method extends its architecture with two parameters in addition to a terminology dictionary for translating Chinese words to Japanese ones as to Chinese knowledge cards. These two parameters are intended to compensate conversion error when using incomplete Chinese–Japanese translation dictionary. Two experimental results show that our method achieved better classification than that of hand‐translated Japanese cards of Chinese cards. We also discuss the causes of wrong classification. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A simple soft linear detection for coded multi‐input multi‐output systems
Authors: Kim Youngmin , Shang Pingping , Kim Sooyoung , Choi Kwonhue 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTWe propose a very simple and efficient soft linear multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) detection scheme. The detection process is divided into two separate problems. The proposed scheme first detects MIMO symbols using conventional linear detection methods and produces soft bit information using a simple soft demapping method. Next, we refine the soft information by accounting for uneven post‐detection noise variance across MIMO layers. From the simulation result investigated in this paper, we first emphasize that powerful channel coding may suppress the differences of diversity gains among various MIMO detection schemes. This implies that the channel decoding operation may not be transparent to performance gain that resulted from MIMO detection process. The proposed scheme concentrates on accurate estimation of soft post‐MIMO detected information in a very simple manner, rather than concentrating on a complex MIMO detection scheme prior to decoding process. In combination with turbo codes, the proposed scheme produces comparable performance to maximum likelihood detection, even with the simplest scheme such as zero forcing detection, with drastically reduced complexity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thyroid Incidentaloma Detected by Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography: Practical Management Algorithm
Authors: Nilsson Inga‐Lena , Arnberg Fabian , Zedenius Jan , Sundin Anders 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundOur aim was to design a practical algorithm for management of an increasing number of incidental findings of thyroid lesions identified by 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography (FDG‐PET/CT).MethodsThe reports of 3641 patients examined by FDG‐PET/CT for evaluation of nonthyroid cancer were reviewed. The anatomic locations and standardized uptake values (SUV) of any focally increased thyroid FDG uptake were reanalyzed and related to surrounding normal thyroid (TSUVmax/thySUVmean ratio) and liver (TSUVmax/liverSUVmean).ResultsFocal FDG uptakes in the thyroid were reported in 37 cases (1%; 26 women). Neoplastic thyroid lesions were diagnosed in 16 patients: papillary thyroid cancer in 9, follicular neoplasia in 5, and metastatic lesions (lung cancer and squamous cell carcinoma) in 2. Benign lesions were diagnosed in 11 patients. Ten patients with malignancy elsewhere did not undergo thyroid examination. In all, 11 patients underwent thyroid surgery (8 with papillary cancer, 3 with follicular adenoma); the median tumor size was 12 mm (8–40 mm). The TSUVmax/thySUVmean ratio was higher for the malignant lesions [median 5.53 (2.75–30.81) vs. 3.70 (1.82–31.70); P < 0.05], albeit with a considerable overlap between individual patients. The TSUVmax and TSUVmax/liverSUVmean did not differ between groups. The TSUVmax/thySUVmean and / thySUVmean ratios correlated with the tumor size (r = 0.64 and r = 0.66; P < 0.05).ConclusionsAn incidental finding of focal uptake of FDG in the thyroid is associated with a significant risk of thyroid cancer. If the patient would benefit from thyroidectomy if a malignancy were identified, further diagnostic workup with ultrasonography‐guided fine‐needle aspiration and cytology is recommended.
Severe Hepatic Trauma: Nonoperative Management, Definitive Repair, or Damage Control Surgery?
Authors: Leppäniemi Ari K. , Mentula Panu J. , Streng Mari H. , Koivikko Mika P. , Handolin Lauri E. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundManagement of severe liver injuries has evolved to include the options for nonoperative management and damage control surgery. The present study analyzes the criteria for choosing between nonoperative management and early surgery, and definitive repair versus damage control strategy during early surgery.MethodsIn a retrospective analysis of 144 patients with severe (AAST grade III–V) liver injuries (94% blunt trauma), early laparotomy was performed in 50 patients. Initial management was nonoperative in 94 blunt trauma patients with 8 failures. Uni‐ and multivariate analyses were used to calculate predictor odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsFactors associated with early laparotomy in blunt trauma included shock on admission, associated grade IV–V splenic injury, grade IV–V head injury, and grade V liver injury. Only shock was an independent predictor (OR, 26.1; 95% CI, 8.9–77.1; P < 0.001). The presence of a grade IV–V splenic injury predicted damage control strategy (OR infinite; P = 0.021). Failed nonoperative management was associated with grade IV–V splenic injury (OR, 14.00; 95% CI, 1.67–117.55), and shock (OR, 6.82; 95% CI, 1.49–31.29). The hospital mortality rate was 15%; 8 of 21 deaths were liver‐related. Shock (OR, 9.3; 95% CI, 2.4–35.8; P = 0.001) and severe head injury (OR, 9.25; 95% CI, 3.0–28.9; P = 0.000) were independent predictors for mortality.ConclusionsIn patients with severe liver injury, associated severe splenic injury favors early laparotomy and damage control strategy. Patients who arrive in shock or have an associated severe splenic injury should not be managed nonoperatively. In addition to severe head injury, uncontrollable bleeding from the liver injury is still a major cause of early death.