bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imitation and the Incentive to Contribute Early in a Sequential Public Good Game
Authors: CARTWRIGHT EDWARD , PATEL AMRISH 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWhether motivated by reciprocity or conformity, imitation is common in public good contexts. We consider the incentive for an agent to contribute to a public good if he expects imitation from others. Using a sequential public good game with exogenous ordering, we show that agents early enough in the sequence who believe imitation to be sufficiently likely would want to contribute. By contributing, they expect total contributions to increase significantly. We also show that preferences determine how early an agent need be, that the observed share of imitators in experiments is sufficiently high to warrant contribution and that an increase in group size reduces the incentive to contribute.
Trafficking and Contract Migrant Workers in the Middle East
Authors: Jureidini Ray 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe paper addresses a number of issues regarding the extent to which trafficking may be applied to migrant domestic workers who enter under the kafala system of sponsorship in the Middle East. Migrant domestic workers are the most numerous of those mentioned in reports on trafficking for labour exploitation in the region. The discussion seeks to determine whether “trafficking” can be ex post facto, rather than ex ante? In other words, can the label of trafficking be attributed only after the worker has arrived in the receiving country and is victimized according to the principles of trafficking protocols? In addition, must there be a proven intent to traffic by agents, or can employers who harm and/or exploit them be considered as traffickers alone? Should the harm done to workers on arrival at their place of work be classified (and assisted) as victims of trafficking, or as exploited workers?
Biopolitical Management, Economic Calculation and “Trafficked Women”
Authors: Berman Jacqueline 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNarratives surrounding human trafficking, especially trafficking in women for sex work, employ gendered and racialized tropes that have among their effects, a shrouding of women’s economic decision‐making and state collusion in benefiting from their labour. This paper explores the operation of these narratives in order to understand the ways in which they mask the economics of trafficking by sensationalizing the sexual and criminal aspects of it, which in turn allows the state to pursue political projects under the guise of a benevolent concern for trafficked women and/or protection of its own citizens. This paper will explore one national example: Article 18 of Italian Law 40 (1998). I argue that its passage has led to an increase in cooperation with criminal prosecution of traffickers largely because it approaches trafficked women as capable of making decisions about how and what they themselves want to do. This paper will also consider a more global approach to trafficking embedded in the concept of “migration management”, an International Organization for Migration (IOM) framework that is now shaping EU, US and other national immigration laws and policies that impact trafficking. It will also examine the inherent limitations of both the national and global approach as an occasion to unpack how Article 18 and Migration Management function as forms of biopolitical management that participate in the production of “trafficking victims” into a massified population to be managed, rather than engender a more engaged discussion of what constitutes trafficking and how to redress it.
Characterization of hyaluronan and TSG‐6 in skin scarring: differential distribution in keloid scars, normal scars and unscarred skin
Authors: Tan KT , McGrouther DA , Day AJ , Milner CM , Bayat A 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground  Hyaluronan (HA) is a major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) with increased synthesis during tissue repair. Tumour necrosis factor‐stimulated gene‐6 (TSG‐6) is known to catalyze the covalent transfer of heavy chains (HC1 and HC2) from inter‐α‐inhibitor (IαI) onto HA, and resultant HC•HA complexes have been implicated in physiological and pathological processes related to remodelling and inflammation.Objective  The aims of this study were to determine the expression of HA, TSG‐6 and the IαI polypeptides in unscarred skin, normal scars and keloid scars.Methods  Formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded sections of unscarred skin, normal scars and keloid scars were prepared from patient samples collected during scar revision surgery. Haematoxylin and eosin, as well as immunofluorescent staining for HA, TSG‐6 and the three polypeptide chains of IαI (i.e. HC1, HC2 and bikunin) were performed.Results  All skin types stained positive for TSG‐6, HC1, HC2 and bikunin, associated with keratinocytes, fibroblasts and skin appendages all in close proximity to HA. Keloid lesions showed altered HA organization patterns compared with unscarred skin and normal scars. TSG‐6 staining was significantly more intense in the epidermis compared with the dermis of all sample types. There was a significant reduction in TSG‐6 levels within keloid lesions compared with the dermis of unscarred skin (P = 0.017).Conclusion  TSG‐6 is expressed in unscarred skin, where its close association with HA and IαI could give rise to TSG‐6‐mediated HC•HA formation within this tissue. A reduction in the beneficial effects of TSG‐6, caused by diminished protein levels in keloid lesions, could contribute to this abnormal scarring process.
Rapid astrocyte and microglial activation following pilocarpine‐induced seizures in rats
Authors: Shapiro Lee A. , Wang Lulu , Ribak Charles E. 
Published: July 2010

Summary Astrocyte and microglial activation occurs following seizures and plays a role in epileptogenesis. However, the precise temporal and spatial response to seizures has not been fully examined. The pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy was selected to examine glial changes following seizures because morphological changes in the hippocampus closely mimic the human condition. Astrocytic and microglial changes in the hippocampus were examined during the first 5 days after pilocarpine‐induced seizures in rats by analyzing GFAP, Iba1 and S100B‐immunolabeling in CA1, CA3, and the hilus. Also, 3‐dimensional reconstructions of microglial cells from the hilus and granule cell layer were analyzed. Lastly, astrocyte hypertrophy was examined in the hilus using electron microscopy. At 1 day after seizures and continuing throughout the 5 days examined, hypertrophied Iba1‐labeled microglial cells and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)‐labeled astrocytes were observed. At 1 and 2 days after seizures, significantly greater Iba1 immunolabeling was observed in CA1, CA3, and the hilus. In addition, both the area of Iba1 labeled processes and the number of their endings were increased in the hilus beginning at 1 day after seizures. S100B‐immunolabeling was significantly elevated in CA3 at 1 day, in CA3 and CA1 at 2 days, and in all three hippocampal regions at 3 days after seizures. Electron microscopy confirmed astrocytic hypertrophy and demonstrated astrocytic cell bodies in the location where glial endfeet normally appear on capillaries. The differential response patterns of astrocytes and microglial cells following pilocarpine‐induced seizures may signify their detrimental role in neuroinflammation after seizures.
Pulsed Radiofrequency Under Ultrasound Guidance for Persistent Stump‐Neuroma Pain
Authors: Restrepo‐Garces Carlos E. , Marinov Anton , McHardy Paul , Faclier Gil , Avila Arsenio 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLimb amputation is a leading cause of pain and disability. Limb amputation can be associated with a myriad of symptoms, including phantom limb sensation, phantom limb pain, and stump pain. Treatment of phantom limb pain and stump pain, remains difficult, therefore optimal management must include a multidisciplinary approach. This case report describes the use of ultrasound for diagnosis and successful management, of persistent stump‐neuroma pain, using pulsed radiofrequency ablation.
The Acute Changes of Fractional Flow Reserve in DK (Double Kissing), Crush, and 1‐Stent Technique for True Bifurcation Lesions
Authors: YE FEI , ZHANG JUN‐JIE , TIAN NAI‐LIANG , LIN SONG , LIU ZHI‐ZHONG , KAN JING , XU HAI‐MEI , ZHU ZHONGSHENG , CHEN SHAO‐LIANG 
Published: July 2010

Background: While many studies confirmed the importance of fractional flow reserve (FFR) in guiding complex percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), data regarding the significance of FFR for bifurcation lesions are still lacking.
Methods: Between October 2008 and October 2009, 51 patients with true bifurcation lesions were consecutively enrolled and randomized into double kissing (DK) crush (n = 25), and provisional 1‐stent (n = 26) groups. FFR measurements at baseline and hyperemia were measured at pre‐PCI, post‐PCI, and at 8‐month follow‐up.
Results: Clinical follow‐ups were available in 100% of patients while only 33% of patients underwent angiographic follow‐up. Baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics were matched between the 2 groups. Pre‐PCI FFR of the main branch (MB) in the DK group was 0.76 ± 0.15, which was significantly lower than in the provisional 1‐stent group (0.83 ± 0.10, P = 0.029). This difference disappeared after the PCI procedure (0.92 ± 0.04 vs. 0.92 ± 0.05, P = 0.58). There were no significant differences in terms of baseline, angiographic, procedural indexes, and FFR of side branch (SB) between the 2 treatment arms. However, immediately after PCI, the patient with DK crush had higher FFR in the SB as compared to the provisional 1‐stent group (0.94 ± 0.03 vs. 0.90 ± 0.08, P = 0.028, respectively) and also they had lower diameter stenosis (8.59 ± 6.41% vs. 15.62 ± 11.69%, P = 0.015, respectively).
Conclusion: In the acute phase, immediately after PCI for bifurcation lesion, DK crush stenting was associated with higher FFR and lower residual diameter stenosis in the SB, as compared with the provisional 1‐stent group. (J Interven Cardiol 2010;23:341–345)
Stent Implantation of the Arterial Duct in Newborns with a Truly Duct‐Dependent Pulmonary Circulation: A Single‐Center Experience with Emphasis on Aspects of the Interventional Technique
Authors: SCHRANZ DIETMAR , MICHEL‐BEHNKE INA , HEYER RAJKA , VOGEL MELANIE , BAUER JÜRGEN , VALESKE KLAUS , AKINTÜRK HAKAN , JUX CHRISTIAN 
Published: July 2010

Introduction:
Ductal stenting for pulmonary blood supply in newborns with cyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD) might be a low risk and safe alternative to the surgical aorto‐to‐pulmonary artery (AP) shunt in dual‐source lung perfusion. Ductal stenting in truly duct‐dependent pulmonary circulation has not been evaluated.
Methods:
Prospective interventional and clinical follow‐up trial. Ductal stenting based on variable access sites, a 2‐wire technique when crossing a tortuous ductus, and use of premounted coronary stents. Primary outcome measures were procedural success and complication rates presented as early and mid‐term results.
Results:
From 2003–2009, 58 duct‐dependent newborns underwent ductal stenting; 27 of them were truly duct dependent, 20 had pulmonary atresia (PA)/ventricular septum defect or complex CHD, 4 had PA/intact ventricular septum, 2 had PA with Ebstein anomaly, and 1 had PA with tricuspid atresia. Ductal stenting was performed without procedure‐related mortality; 3 of 27 required an acute surgical AP‐shunt (stent migration in 1, acute duct obstruction in 2). During mid‐term follow‐up, 4 of 24 needed an AP‐shunt and two others stent redilation. Three patients died prior to follow‐up surgery (1 unexpectedly at home and 2 due to syndromatic disease). Fifteen patients received staged univentricular palliation, 8 had a biventricular repair, and 1 is awaiting follow‐up operation.
Conclusion:
Ductal stenting is a feasible, safe, and effective palliation in newborns with truly duct‐dependent pulmonary circulation irrespective of duct morphology. Vasucular access from various locations is important for technical success rate. Ductal stenting is a minimally invasive procedure to achieve adequate pulmonary artery growth for subsequent palliative or corrective surgery. (J Interven Cardiol 2010;23:581–588)
Neutrophil and monocyte activation in chronic kidney disease patients under hemodialysis and its relationship with resistance to recombinant human erythropoietin and to the hemodialysis procedure
Authors: PEREIRA Rui , COSTA Elísio , GONÇALVES Marta , MIRANDA Vasco , SAMEIRO FARIA Maria do , QUINTANILHA Alexandre , BELO Luís , LIMA Margarida , SANTOS‐SILVA Alice 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe aim of the present work was to further clarify leukocyte activation due to hemodialysis (HD) procedures and to investigate its relationship with recombinant human erythropoietin resistance. Therefore, we studied the expression of CXCR1 and CD11b on neutrophils, as well as the monocyte expression of CD11b, HLA‐DR, and CD14. We studied 34 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients under HD and recombinant human erythropoietin treatment (26 responders and 8 nonresponders to recombinant human erythropoietin therapy). All CKD patients' blood samples were collected before and immediately after the HD procedure. Eighteen healthy individuals (blood donors) were also studied as a control group. Hematological data, neutrophil (CD11b and CXCR1), and monocyte (CD11b, HLA‐DR, and CD14) cell surface markers were measured in all patients (before and after the HD procedure) and controls. When compared with the controls, CKD patients presented a significant decrease in CXCR1 neutrophil expression, and in CD14 monocyte expression, accompanied by a significant increase in HLA‐DR monocyte expression. When comparing the 2 groups of patients, we found that nonresponders showed an additional decrease in CXCR1 neutrophil expression. After the HD procedure, a statistically significant increase in CD14 and CD11b monocyte surface markers and a decrease in CXCR1 neutrophil expression and in HLA‐DR monocyte expression was found. These data further strengthen our previous studies, showing that neutrophils and monocytes are activated in CKD patients, particularly in nonresponder patients. Moreover, this activation is due, at least in part, to the HD procedure, although we should not exclude that it can also be due to the enhanced inflammatory process observed in nonresponder patients.
Expression of ezrin, Bcl‐2, and Ki‐67 in chondrosarcomas
Authors: SÖDERSTRÖM MIRVA , PALOKANGAS TUIRE , VAHLBERG TERO , BÖHLING TOM , ARO HANNU , CARPEN OLLI 
Published: July 2010

Söderström M, Palokangas T, Vahlberg T, Böhling T, Aro H, Carpen O. Expression of ezrin, Bcl‐2, and Ki‐67 in chondrosarcomas. APMIS 2010; 118: 769–76.The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the expression of ezrin, a membrane‐cytoskeleton linker and regulator of cellular signaling, is associated with clinical features of chondrosarcoma. For this purpose, we studied the expression of ezrin in 54 chondrosarcomas by immunohistochemistry and correlated the expression with other tumor characteristics, markers of proliferation, apoptosis and with clinical parameters. The intensity of ezrin staining increased with the histologic grade, and a significant positive association existed between the tumor grade and ezrin expression (p = 0.0475). In addition, there was a positive correlation between the expression of ezrin and Bcl‐2, an anti‐apoptotic protein (r = 0.83, p < 0.0001), as well as between ezrin expression and increased proliferation as measured by Ki‐67 index (r = 0.70, p < 0.0001). The positive correlation of ezrin expression with Bcl‐2 and Ki‐67 as well as with tumor grade suggests that an aggressive behavior of chondrosarcoma may be related to activation of ezrin and that ezrin inhibitors could provide a much needed adjuvant therapy in chondrosarcomas. In conclusion, our results indicate that high ezrin expression correlates with aggressive features of chondrosarcomas. Further analyses on the pathways downstream of ezrin are warranted.
Glycogen synthase kinase‐3β does not correlate with the expression and activity of β‐catenin in gastric cancer
Authors: CHO YU‐JIN , YOON JIYEON , KO YOUNG‐SAN , KIM SUE‐YOUN , CHO SUNG‐JIN , KIM WOO‐HO , PARK JONG‐WAN , YOUN HONG‐DUK , KIM JI‐HUN , LEE BYUNG‐LAN 
Published: July 2010

Cho Y‐J, Yoon J, Ko Y‐S, Kim S‐Y, Cho S‐J, Kim W‐H, Park J‐W, Youn H‐D, Kim J‐H, Lee B‐L. Glycogen synthase kinase‐3β does not correlate with the expression and activity of β‐catenin in gastric cancer. APMIS 2010; 118: 782–90.The regulation of β‐catenin activation by glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β) in cancer has been shown to be cell type‐specific. This study was performed to investigate the relationship between activated GSK‐3β (phosphorylated at Tyr216) and β‐catenin in gastric cancer. Immunohistochemical tissue array analysis of 278 human gastric carcinoma specimens showed positive immunoreactivity for activated GSK‐3β in 44% of the samples, whereas membranous β‐catenin and nuclear β‐catenin were observed in 19% and 20% of the samples, respectively. However, GSK‐3β activation was not correlated with the expression of either membranous β‐catenin or nuclear β‐catenin. Moreover, SNU gastric cancer cell lines over‐expressing kinase dead GSK‐3β and the same cells treated with a GSK‐3β inhibitor showed that GSK‐3β inhibition did not alter either the protein expression or transcriptional activity of β‐catenin. In addition, GSK‐3β activation was positively correlated with the expressions of anti‐adenomatous polyposis coli (p = 0.002), p16 (p < 0.001), p21 (p < 0.001), p27 (p = 0.001), and p53 (p = 0.013). On the other hand, the nuclear expression of β‐catenin was positively correlated with those of Bcl‐2 (p = 0.025) and cyclin D1 (p = 0.043), but these expressions were not correlated with GSK‐3β activation. Thus, the GSK‐3β pathway seems to function in gastric cancer cells without involving the β‐catenin pathway.
Dental students’ part‐time jobs in dental practices in the Netherlands
Authors: Poorterman J. H. G. , Dikkes B. T. , Brand H. S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjective:  In the Netherlands, the Individual Health Care Professions Act (IHCP Act) allows dental students, amongst other non‐qualified individuals, to work under certain conditions in a dental practice. The aim of the study was to determine how many dental students have part‐time employment in dental practice and which professional tasks they carry out. We also asked the dental students their opinion about the IHCP Act.Material and methods:  All the enrolled dental students at the Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) in the Netherlands received a questionnaire by e‐mail. Within 1 month, two reminders were sent.Results:  The response was 44% (427 students). Of the responding students, 71% had paid employment in addition to their study. Twenty‐five per cent of all students worked in a dental practice, usually 8 h a week. Study year and age were positively related to working part‐time in dental practice. Activities frequently performed were providing chair side assistance, giving oral hygiene instruction, fluoride applications, scaling and root planning. The self‐reported knowledge about the IHCP Act was positively related to study year and working in a dental practice. Hardly any information about the requirements of the IHCP Act with regard to delegation of tasks was provided by the employer.Conclusion:  Many Dutch dental students work in a dental practice, taking over a variety of tasks. Although the self‐reported knowledge about the IHCP Act was relatively high, many dental students expressed the need for more detailed information about the legal aspects of their tasks.
Fetal and maternal factors associated with infant mortality in vervet monkeys
Authors: Kavanagh K. , Dozier B.L. , Chavanne T.J. , Fairbanks L.A. , Jorgensen M.J. , Kaplan J.R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground  Causes of infant death remain unknown in significant proportions of human and non‐human primate pregnancies.Methods  A closed breeding colony with high rates of infant mortality had pregnancies assessed (n = 153) by fetal measurements and maternal characteristics. Infant outcome was classified as neonatal death (stillborn or died <48 hours from birth), postnatal death (died 2–30 days) or surviving (alive after 30 days).Results  Fetal size did not predict outcome. Poor maternal glycemic control and low social ranking increased odds for adverse outcome (OR = 3.72, P = 0.01 and 2.27, P = 0.04, respectively). Male sex was over‐represented in stillbirths (P = 0.04), and many were macrosomic, but size did not associate with maternal glycemic control measured as glycated hemoglobin A1c. Postnatally dead infants were smaller (P < 0.01), which associated with behavioral factors and glycemic control.Conclusions  Fetal growth estimates predicted gestational age but not fetal outcome. Maternal social status and metabolic health, particularly glycemic control, increased risks of adverse pregnancy outcome.
Neonatal liver failure and haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis caused by a new perforin mutation
Authors: Danhaive O , Caniglia M , Devito R , Piersigilli F , Corchia C , Auriti C 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAcute liver failure is a rare heterogeneous syndrome in neonates. We report of a newborn with haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis presenting as acute liver failure. Pancytopenia and multi‐organ failure occurred later in the course. He carried two mutations of the perforin gene (PRF‐1), one of which not previously described, causing a complete loss of perforin expression and natural killer cell function.Conclusion:  Perforin expression and function should be promptly assessed in neonatal/infantile acute liver failure, as haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis requires specific treatment and represents a contra‐indication to liver transplant.
Awareness of glucose‐6 phosphate‐dehydrogenase deficiency in celiac disease
Authors: Hosnut FO , Canan O , Özcay F , Özbek N 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIndividuals with celiac disease (CD) are predisposed to a number of haematological abnormalities including anaemia secondary to malabsorption of iron, vitamin B12 or folate; anaemia of chronic disease and coagulopathy secondary to vitamin K deficiency. Correction of coagulopathy with vitamin K is necessary before endoscopic biopsy in patients with suspected CD. However, vitamin K causes haemolysis in glucose‐6 phosphate‐dehydrogenase deficiency.Conclusion:  When vitamin K administration becomes necessary for correction of coagulopathy in patients with CD; glucose‐6 phosphate‐dehydrogenase deficiency should be considered.
Communicating oesophageal duplication cyst with heterotopic pancreatic tissue – an unusual cause of recurrent pneumonia in an infant
Authors: Uppal Preena , Kaur Jasmeet , Agarwala Sandeep , Gupta AK , Safaya R. , Kabra SK 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCommunicating oesophageal duplication cyst with heterotopic pancreatic tissue is rare congenital anomaly and unusual cause of recurrent pneumonia in children. We report a 10‐month‐old boy who presented with history, examination and investigations suggestive of aspiration pneumonia since birth. The imaging studies revealed a thin walled cavity communicating with the oesophageal lumen that was excised by surgery. Histopathology showed squamous epithelial lining of cyst with heterotopic pancreatic tissue.Conclusion:  Communicating oesophageal cyst causing persistent signs and symptoms can be an unusual cause of recurrent pneumonia in an infant that can be diagnosed by further imaging studies.