bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DECHO—a framework for the digital exploration of cultural heritage objects
Authors: Aliaga Daniel G. , Bertino Elisa , Valtolina Stefano 
Published: March 2011

We present a framework for the digital exploration of cultural heritage objects. Today computing and information technology is pervasive and ubiquitous and has boosted at unprecedented levels, information diffusion and productivity. Such technology is today a ripe context for succinctly gathering knowledge by combining in innovative ways powerful visualization tactics, rapid access to a significant amount of relevant information, domain-specific knowledge, and rich and pervasive tools to sort, group, and slice the information and knowledge in different ways. To this end, we present a complete framework that is easy to use, does not require expensive custom equipment, and has been designed for helping archaeology researchers and educators reconstruct and analyze the historical context of cultural heritage objects. Our main inspiration is that archaeology today would benefit significantly from having spur-of-the-moment access to information from a variety of heterogeneous data sources and being able to have multiple participants visually observe factual and visual data in an intuitive and natural setting. While we present a framework geared towards archaeology, in the long term we envision reusing it in a variety of fields.
Our framework includes data acquisition, data management, and data visualization components. The data acquisition component enables the fast, easy, and accurate addition of 3D object models and factual data, including narrations. The data management component includes a novel semantic database system that provides an intuitive view of the available contents in terms of an ontology, supports the addition of narrations, integrates data stored by other databases, and supports object retrieval, browsing, and knowledge navigation. The data visualization component provides visual feedback, which is a crucial part of an exploratory endeavor. It provides the ability to alter the appearance of archaeological objects, complete fragments of 3D object models, and several compelling forms of digital inspection and information visualization. All algorithms exploit knowledge from the database and from the obtained 3D models. Visuals can be applied on top of the physical object or on a 3D model shown in a traditional display, controllable via a Web page interface.
Evaluation of work product defects during corrective & enhancive software evolution
Authors: Hale David P. , Hale Joanne E. , Smith Randy K. 
Published: March 2011

Information systems portfolio management assumes that software will evolve to maintain alignment with operational needs, a goal that must be met through effective ongoing maintenance. Thus, a primary goal of software maintainers is to ensure that production code is updated without the introduction of defects. However, there is a dearth of research that examines the work product defects that occur as these applications evolve.
The goal of this study is to characterize software evolution lifecycle work product defects and factors that may increase or reduce their occurrence. The study takes place within a global consulting organization conducting ongoing software maintenance for a Fortune 100 telecommunications firm by a project team assessed at Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) Level 3. This study reports on 991 work product reviews conducted across the evolution activities of the ISO/IEC 12207 Software Development Life Cycle Processes.
After controlling for team and expertise differences, the study's major finding is that corrective evolution projects inject a greater number of work product defects than enhancive evolution projects. This result does not arise from the schedule compression often associated with corrective evolution. Rather, it is concluded that the increase in work product defects is associated with the increased complexity of analysis-stage problem diagnosis found in corrective evolution projects. The analysis is augmented by additional covariates including the number of work product reviewers, preparation time of reviewers, and size of the project.
Applications of graph algorithms in GIS
Authors: Vanhove Stéphanie , Fack Veerle 
Published: March 2011

This paper describes ongoing PhD research on applications of graph algorithms in Geographical Information Systems. Many GIS problems can be translated into a graph problem, especially in the domain of routing in road networks. Our research aims to evaluate and develop efficient methods for different variants of the routing problem.
Standard existing shortest path algorithms are not always suited for use in road networks, e.g. in a realistic situation forbidden turns and turn penalties need to be taken into account. An experimental evaluation of different methods for this purpose is presented.

Another interesting problem is the generation of alternative routes. This can be modelled as a
k
shortest paths problem, where a ranking of
k
paths is desired rather than only the shortest path itself. A new heuristic approach for generating alternative routes is presented and evaluated.
Use of the Predictive Sugars Biomarker to Evaluate Self-Reported Total Sugars Intake in the Observing Protein and Energy Nutrition (OPEN) Study
Authors: Tasevska Nataša , Midthune Douglas , Potischman Nancy , Subar Amy F. , Cross Amanda J. , Bingham Sheila A. , Schatzkin Arthur , Kipnis Victor 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Background: A predictive biomarker for intake of total sugars was recently developed under controlled conditions. We used this biomarker to assess measurement error (ME) structure in self-reported intake of total sugars in free-living individuals.
Methods: The Observing Protein and Energy Nutrition (OPEN) study involved 484 participants aged 40 to 69 years. Diet was assessed using two administrations of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and two nonconsecutive 24-hour dietary recalls (24HDR). Two 24-hour urine samples checked for completeness were analyzed on sucrose and fructose. We applied the biomarker calibrated in a feeding study to OPEN data to assess the ME structure and the attenuation factors (AF) for intakes of absolute total sugars and sugars density for the FFQ and 24HDR.
Results: The AFs for absolute sugars were similar for a single FFQ and 24HDR, but attenuation decreased with repeated 24HDRs. For sugars density, the AFs for FFQ (men: 0.39; women: 0.33) were greater than for single 24HDR (men: 0.30; women: 0.24), and similar to two 24HDRs (men: 0.41; women: 0.35). The attenuation associated with both instruments was greater in women than in men.
Conclusions: Both the FFQ and 24HDR were found to be biased; hence, incorporation of the sugars biomarker in calibration studies within the cohorts may be necessary to more reliably estimate associations of sugars and disease.
Impact: In this article, we propose a new dietary reference instrument based on the recently defined class of predictive biomarkers. Using sugars biomarker, we quantify ME in the FFQ- and 24HDR-reported absolute total sugars and total sugars density. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(3); 490–500. ©2011 AACR.
Protein Microarray Analysis of Mammary Epithelial Cells from Obese and Nonobese Women at High Risk for Breast Cancer: Feasibility Data
Authors: Pilie Patrick G. , Ibarra-Drendall Catherine , Troch Michelle M. , Broadwater Gloria , Barry William T. , Petricoin Emanuel F. , Wulfkuhle Julia D. , Liotta Lance A. , Lem Siya , Baker Joseph C. , Stouder April , Ford Anne C. , Wilke Lee G. , Zalles Carola M. , Mehta Priya , Williams Jamila , Shivraj Melanie , Su Zuowei , Geradts Joseph , Yu Dihua , Seewaldt Victoria L. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Background: Obesity is a well-established risk factor for cancer, accounting for up to 20% of cancer deaths in women. Studies of women with breast cancer have shown obesity to be associated with an increased risk of dying from breast cancer and increased risk of developing distant metastasis. While previous studies have focused on differences in circulating hormone levels as a cause for increased breast cancer incidence in postmenopausal women, few studies have focused on potential differences in the protein expression patterns of mammary epithelial cells obtained from obese versus nonobese women.
Methods: Protein expression was assessed by reverse-phase protein microarray in mammary epithelial cells from 31 random periareolar fine needle aspirations performed on 26 high-risk women.
Results: In this pilot and exploratory study, vimentin (unadjusted P = 0.028) expression was significantly different between obese and nonobese women.
Conclusions: Vimentin is integral both to adipocyte structure and function and to the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition needed for cancer cell metastasis. Further research is needed to confirm this finding and determine the possible effects of the adipocyte microenvironment on the initiation and progression of breast cancer in high-risk women.
Impact: Differential protein expression patterns obtained from a future expanded study may serve to elaborate the underlying pathology of breast cancer initiation and progression in obese women and identify potential biomarkers of response to preventative interventions such as dietary changes and exercise. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(3); 476–82. ©2011 AACR.
Red Meat, Dietary Nitrosamines, and Heme Iron and Risk of Bladder Cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
Authors: Jakszyn Paula , González Carlos A. , Luján-Barroso Leila , Ros Martine M. , Bueno-de-Mesquita H. Bas , Roswall Nina , Tjønneland Anne M. , Büchner Frederike L. , Egevad Lars , Overvad Kim , Raaschou-Nielsen Ole , Clavel-Chapelon Françoise , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine , Touillaud Marina S. , Chang-Claude Jenny , Allen Naomi E. , Kiemeney Lambertus A. , Key Timothy J. , Kaaks Rudolf , Boeing Heiner , Weikert Steffen , Trichopoulou Antonia , Oikonomou Eleni , Zylis Dimosthenis , Palli Domenico , Berrino Franco , Vineis Paolo , Tumino Rosario , Mattiello Amalia , Peeters Petra H.M. , Parr Christine L. , Gram Inger T. , Skeie Guri , Sánchez Maria-Jose , Larrañaga Nerea , Ardanaz Eva , Navarro Carmen , Rodríguez Laudina , Ulmert David , Ehrnström Roy , Hallmans Göran , Ljungberg Borje , Roddam Andrew Wilfred , Bingham Sheila A. , Khaw Kay-Tee , Slimani Nadia , Boffetta Paolo A. , Jenab Mazda , Mouw Traci , Michaud Dominique S. , Riboli Elio 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Background: Previous epidemiologic studies found inconsistent results for the association between red meat intake, nitrosamines [NDMA: N-nitrosodimethylamine, and ENOC (endogenous nitroso compounds)], and the risk of bladder cancer. We investigated the association between red meat consumption, dietary nitrosamines, and heme iron and the risk of bladder cancer among participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).
Methods: Data on food consumption and complete follow-up for cancer occurrence were available for a total of 481,419 participants, recruited in 10 European countries. Estimates of HRs were obtained by proportional hazard models, stratified by age at recruitment, gender, and study center and adjusted for total energy intake, smoking status, lifetime intensity of smoking, duration of smoking, educational level, and BMI.
Results: After a mean follow-up of 8.7 years, 1,001 participants were diagnosed with bladder cancer. We found no overall association between intake of red meat (log2 HR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.99–1.13), nitrosamines (log2 HR: 1.09; 95% CI: 0.92–1.30 and HR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.92–1.05 for ENOC and NDMA, respectively) or heme iron
(log2 HR: 1.05; 95 CI: 0.99–1.12) and bladder cancer risk. The associations did not vary by sex, high- versus low-risk bladder cancers, smoking status, or occupation (high vs. low risk).
Conclusions: Our findings do not support an effect of red meat intake, nitrosamines (endogenous or exogenous), or heme iron intake on bladder cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(3); 555–9. ©2011 AACR.
Expression of the vitamin K-dependent proteins GAS6 and protein S and the TAM receptor tyrosine kinases in human atherosclerotic carotid plaques
Authors: Hurtado Begoña , Muñoz Xavier , Recarte-Pelz Pedro , Garcia Nadia , Luque Anna , Krupinski Jerzy , Sala Núria , Frutos Pablo García de 
Published: March 2011

SummaryThe GAS6/ProS-TAM system is composed of two vitamin K-dependent ligands (GAS6 and protein S) and their three protein tyrosine kinase receptors TYRO3, AXL and MERTK, known as the TAM receptors. The system plays a prominent role in conditions of injury, inflammation and repair. In murine models of atherosclerotic plaque formation, mutations in its components affect atherosclerosis severity. Here we used Taqman low-density arrays and immunoblotting to study mRNA and protein expression of GAS6, ProS and the TAM receptors in human carotid arteries with different degrees of atherosclerosis. The results show a clear down-regulation of the expression of AXL in atheroma plaques with respect to normal carotids that is matched by decreased abundance of AXL in protein extracts detected by immunoblotting. A similar decrease was observed in PROS1 mRNA expression in atherosclerotic carotids compared to the normal ones, but in this case protein S (ProS) was clearly increased in protein extracts of carotid arteries with increasing grade of atherosclerosis, suggesting that ProS is carried into the plaque. MERTK was also increased in atherosclerotic carotid arteries with respect to the normal ones, suggesting that the ProS-MERTK axis is functional in advanced human atherosclerotic plaques. MERTK was expressed in macrophages, frequently in association with ProS, while ProS was abundant also in the necrotic core. Our data suggest that the ProS-MERTK ligand-receptor pair was active in advanced stages of atherosclerosis, while AXL signalling is probably down-regulated.
Even If It's Not True It's True: Using Unreliable Hadīths in Sunni Islam
Authors: Brown Jonathan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSunni Islam is at heart a cult of authenticity, with the science of Hadīth criticism functioning as a centerpiece designed to distinguish authentic attributions to the Prophet from forgeries. It is thus surprising that even after Hadīth scholars had sifted sound Hadīths from weak, mainstream Sunni Islam allowed the use of unreliable Hadīths as evidence in subjects considered outside of the core areas of law. This majority stance, however, did not displace minority schools of thought that saw the use of unreliable Hadīths as both a danger to social morality and contrary to the stated values of Islamic thought. This more stringent position has burgeoned in the early modern and modern periods, when eliminating the use of weak Hadīths has become a common call of both Salafi revivalists and Islamic modernists. This article explores and traces the history of the various Sunni schools of thought on the use of weak and forged Hadīths from the third/ninth century to the present day.
The Group Identity of the Human Beneficiaries in the Sabbatical Year (Lev 25:6).
Authors: Kim Sun-Jong 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAccording to the sabbatical year law in Leviticus, the land of Israel must lie fallow during one year after six years of cultivation (Lev 25:2-5). During this sabbatical year, people may eat without cultivating the land (Lev 25:6). When we consider the human beneficiaries of this law, it is noted that not only the Israelites but also non-Israelites are included. In this respect an important question arises: do the beneficiaries constitute a particular social institution, or are they social categories chosen ad hoc by the author? In this contribution, we will make a proposal as to the group identity of the human beneficiaries in the sabbatical year law in Lev 25:6.
Reading Psalm 117 against an Exilic Context
Authors: Snyman Fanie 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPsalm 117 is a well-known and at the same time an unknown psalm. It is a well-known psalm because it is known as the shortest psalm in the Psalter. Psalm 117 is also an unknown psalm. There is little reflection on this mini-psalm. This contribution offers an exegesis of Psalm 117 paying attention to the extent, text critical matters, structural features, literary genre, setting in life and tradition material referred to. The article argues for an exilic reading of the psalm over and above the usual post-exilic dating of the psalm.
Security, Knowledge and Well-being
Authors: John Stephen 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis paper investigates whether being “physically insecure” (being at risk of not continuing to meet one's physical needs in the future) should be thought of as a constituent of current wellbeing. In §1, it is argued that we cannot understand the value of security in terms of “freedom from fear”. In §2, it is argued that the reliablist approach to epistemology can help us to construct an account of why physical security is valuable, by relating security to the conditions of agency for practically and epistemically limited animals. In §3, this argument is compared with other attempts to understand the value of physical security. In §4, the relationship between security and threats of rights violation is clarified. In §5, the epistemic analogy of §2 is used to suggest a difference between the concepts of “security” and “capability”.
Free Trade, Poverty, and Inequality
Authors: Hassoun Nicole 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAnyone familiar with The Economist knows the mantra: Free trade will ameliorate poverty by increasing growth and reducing inequality. This paper suggests that problems underlying measurement of poverty, inequality, and free trade provide reason to worry about this argument. Furthermore, the paper suggests that better evidence is necessary to establish that free trade is causing inequality and poverty to fall. Experimental studies usually provide the best evidence of causation. So, the paper concludes with a call for further research into the prospects for ethically acceptable experimental testing of free trade's impact on poverty and inequality. Although the paper is unabashedly methodological, its conclusions bear on many ethical debates. Ethicists sometimes argue, for instance, that there is reason to encourage free trade because they believe free trade is decreasing poverty and inequality. Clarifying the empirical facts may not settle ethical debates but it may inform them.
Pauropodidae (Myriapoda, Pauropoda) from the Canary Islands
Authors: Scheller Ulf 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe first two collections of Pauropoda from the Canary Islands have been examined. Locality and habitat records are given for 176 specimens representing 4 genera and 14 species, all from the family Pauropodidae. Most species are widely distributed and common to Europe and North Africa. No endemic species has been discovered. A lectotype has been designated for Allopauropus (Decapauropus) rhopalophorus Remy and the division of Stylopauropus pedunculatus (Lubbock) into subspecies is discussed.
New and little-known Indian Asilidae (Diptera) IV Key to Indian Heligmoneura Bigot with descriptions of ten new species
Authors: Joseph  , Parui  
Published: March 2011

AbstractHeligmoneura ricardoi n.sp., H. cheriani n.sp., H. kumaunensis n.sp., H. dravidica n.sp., H. frommeri n.sp., H. anamalaiensis n.sp., H. shimogensis n.sp., H. andamanensis n.sp., H. lavignei n.sp., and H. poonmudiensis n.sp. are described in this paper. A key to the Indian species of Heligmoneura Bigot is also given.
The Monsoon Rainband over China and Relationships with the Eurasian Circulation
Authors: Samel Arthur N. , Wang Wei-Chyung , Liang Xin-Zhong 
Published: March 2011

AbstractYearly variations in the observed initial and final dates of heavy, persistent monsoon rainband precipitation across China are quantified. The development of a semiobjective analysis that identifies these values also makes it possible to calculate annual rainband duration and total rainfall. Relationships between total rainband precipitation and the Eurasian circulation are then determined. This research is designed such that observed rainband characteristics can be used in future investigations to evaluate GCM simulations.Normalized daily precipitation time series are analyzed between 1951 and 1990 for 85 observation stations to develop criteria that describe general rainband characteristics throughout China. Rainfall is defined to be “heavy” if the daily value at a given location is greater than 1.5% of the annual mean total. Heavy precipitation is then shown to be “persistent” and is thus identified with the rainband when the 1.5% threshold is exceeded at least 6 times in a 25-day period. Finally, rainband initial (final) dates are defined to immediately follow (precede) a minimum period of 5 consecutive days with no measurable precipitation. A semiobjective analysis based on the above definitions and rainband climatology is then applied to the time series to determine annual initial and final dates.Analysis application produces results that closely correspond to the systematic pattern observed across China, where the rainband arrives in the south during May, advances to the Yangtze River valley in June, and then to the north in July. Rainband duration (i.e., final − initial + 1) is approximately 30–40 days while total rainfall decreases from south to north. A significant positive correlation is found between total rainfall and duration interannual variability, where increased rainband precipitation corresponds to initial (final) dates that are anomalously early (late). No clear trends are identified except over north China, where both duration and total rainfall decrease substantially after 1967.The Eurasian sea level pressure and 500-hPa height fields are then correlated with total rainfall over south China, the Yangtze River valley, and north China to identify statistically significant relationships. Results indicate that precipitation amount is influenced by the interaction of several circulation features. Total rainfall increases over south China when the surface Siberian high ridges to the south and is overrun by warm moist air aloft. Yangtze River valley precipitation intensifies when westward expansion of the subtropical high along with strengthening of the Siberian high and monsoon low cause moisture advection, upward motion, and the thermal gradient along the Mei-Yu front to increase. North China total rainfall increases in response to intense heating over the landmass, westward ridging of the subtropical high, and greater moisture transport over the region.