bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using a Knowledge Translation Lens to Develop International Collaborations to Improve the Health of Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Ouellette‐Kuntz Hélène , Brown Hilary K. , Baur Louise , Davis Robert , Emerson Eric , Kerr Mike , Meijer Marijke , O'Hara David , Proulx Renée , Perry Jonathan , Small Jacqueline , Van Schrojenstein Lantman‐de Valk Henny 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis report describes the process used at the International Association for the Scientific Study of Intellectual Disabilities Health Issues Special Interest Research Group's 2009 Roundtable to increase awareness of the importance of, and opportunities for, knowledge translation to improve the health of individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) through international collaboration. The “knowledge‐to‐action cycle” (i.e., knowledge translation) formed the basis for the roundtable discussions. The thematic areas discussed included identification and reduction of disability in adults who also have epilepsy, obesity in children and adults, adapting health promotion materials and approaches, and policy and practice healthcare management—all related to individuals with ID. The topics were explored, extant information presented, and agreements reached for further work and collaborations in each of the topic areas. It was noted that the roundtable's use of the knowledge‐to‐action framework helped the participants focus on bringing together existing knowledge in ways that can meaningfully influence policy and practice. A pre‐workshop web‐based forum allowed participants to share information and recognize the need for synthesis and tool development. Multidisciplinary working groups that are international in scope can be useful in continuing to work toward increasing awareness of the knowledge‐to‐action cycle and promoting collaborative health research in the area of health and ID.
Models of Disability, Quality of Life, and Individualized Supports: Implications for Professional Practice in Intellectual Disability
Authors: Buntinx Wil H. E. , Schalock Robert L. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn the past decade, new models have emerged with respect to the constructs of (intellectual) disability, quality of life, and supports. These models have implications both for understanding the underlying phenomena as for validating professional practices. The authors describe the context and key components of models of human functioning (American Association on Intellectual and Development Disabilities; International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health), supports, and quality of life, and demonstrate how these are related by synthesizing their similarities and differences. From this they discuss the implications for professional clinical and service good practice. It is argued that these models offer relevant frames of reference for guiding and integrating activities of medical, behavioral, and social disciplines in the field of intellectual disability services. It is also argued that knowledge of these models and their relationships facilitates communication among professionals and between professionals and policy makers.
Activity, Aging, and Retirement: The Views of a Group of Scottish People With Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Judge Joe , Walley Robert , Anderson Bethany , Young Ruth 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe structuring of daytime activities for older people with intellectual disabilities (ID) is often at odds with the views or needs of the people involved with these activities. The aim of this study was to understand the perceptions of people with ID with respect to retirement—that is, the mandatory transition from attending day centers in two Scottish localities. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 16 older adults and the resultant transcripts subjected to interpretive phenomenological analysis. Five themes emerged from the analysis: the importance of activity, the day center as a social hub, confusion concerning retirement, desire for continuity, and the value of independence. The older adults placed great value on participation in daytime activity and on attendance at local authority‐run day centers. They wished to remain active well into old age and wished to contribute to their local communities. Disconcertingly, the participants highlighted the difficulties with their understanding of “retirement” and those who demonstrated a level of understanding felt that they had a disconnected role in the process. The study revealed some important implications for service provision and development. The authors suggest that the provision of daytime activity for older people with ID should be scrutinized closely with respect to what people do as retirees and how they prepare for a change in lifestyle.
Translating Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Prevention Evidence into Practice: A Multidisciplinary Evidence Implementation Project
Authors: Duff Jed , Walker Kim , Omari Abdullah 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is an important patient safety issue resulting in significant mortality, morbidity, and health care resource expenditure. Despite the widespread availability of best practice guidelines on VTE prevention, we found that only 49% of our patients were receiving appropriate prophylaxis. Aim: To improve health care professionals’ compliance with evidence‐based guidelines for VTE prevention in hospitalised patients. Design: A practice improvement methodology was employed to identify, diagnosis, and overcome practice problems. Pre‐ and post‐intervention audits were used to evaluate performance measures. Setting: The study was conducted from September 2008 until August 2009 and took place in a 250‐bed acute‐care private hospital in metropolitan Sydney, Australia. Intervention: A change plan was developed that attempted to match organisational barriers to VTE guideline uptake with evidence‐based implementation strategies. The strategies used included audit and feedback, documentation aids, staff education initiatives, collaboratively developed hospital VTE prevention policy, alert stickers, and other reminders. Results: The proportion of patients receiving appropriate VTE prophylaxis increased by 19% from 49% to 68% (p= 0.02). Surgical patient prophylaxis increased by 21% from 61% to 82% (p= 0.02) while medical patient prophylaxis increased by 26% from 19% to 45% (p= 0.05). The proportion of patients with a documented VTE risk assessment increased from 0% to 35% (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The intervention resulted in a 19% overall improvement in prophylaxis rates, which is a significant achievement for any behavioural change intervention. There is, however, still a significant discrepancy between surgical and medical patient prophylaxis rates, which clearly warrants further attention.
Using a Pedagogical Approach to Integrate Evidence‐Based Teaching in an Undergraduate Women's Health Course
Authors: Dawley Katy , Bloch Joan Rosen , Suplee Patricia Dunphy , McKeever Amy , Scherzer Gerri 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT Background: Evidence‐based practice (EBP) is promoted as a foundation for nursing practice. However, the 2005 U.S. survey of nurses revealed that they do not have requisite skills for EBP. Purpose and Goals: To evaluate a pedagogical approach aimed at (1) fostering undergraduate nursing students EBP competencies, and (2) identifying gaps in the literature to direct future women's health research. Methods: A secondary analysis of data abstracted from required EBP clinical journals for an undergraduate women's health course in which students (n = 198) were asked to find evidence to answer their clinical questions. Content analysis was used to identify main themes of the topics of inquiry. Results: Students identified 1,808 clinical questions and 30.3% (n = 547) of these could not be answered or supported by evidence in the literature. Conclusions: This assignment was an important teaching and assessment tool for EBP. Questions reflected critical thinking and quest for in‐depth knowledge to support nursing practice. Some students lacked skills in searching databases and a significant number of knowledge gaps were identified that can direct women's health research.
Anal fistula plug in the treatment of anal fistula: Local experience in Chinese patients
Authors: Cheung Hester Y.S. , Wong James C.H. , Chung Chi‐Chiu , Ng Dennis C.K. , Ng Lawrence W.C. , Li Michael K.W. 
Published: December 2010

Background:  Anal fistula plug was recently introduced as an alternative treatment for anal fistula. However, there is, so far, no published data on the use of the anal fistula plug both locally and in the Chinese population.Methods:  From January 2007 to July 2008, consecutive Chinese patients with transphincteric or suprasphincteric anal fistula scheduled for elective surgery were enrolled. Anal fistula plug was used if examination under anaesthesia reviewed an internal opening. Baseline manometry pressure study was carried out for patients with recurrent fistulae. The operative technique was standardized. Measured outcomes included healing and recurrence rates, operating time, length of stay, and time for patients to return to work or normal activity.Results:  Eleven patients underwent anal fistula plug placement, with a median follow up of 19 months. Five had completely healed fistulae, including three patients with recurrent fistulae. The success rate was 45 per cent. In the three patients with recurrent fistulae, no significant difference was demonstrated in the resting pressure between preoperative and postoperative values. There is an observable trend that proportionally more recurrent fistulae were healed by anal fistulae plug placement when compared to primary fistulae (100% vs 25%); the difference, however, did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.06, Fisher's exact test). At the conclusion of this study, no recurrence was noted in the five patients with confirmed healing.Conclusions:  Our preliminary experience indicates anal fistula plug placement is safe and non‐invasive. However, the efficacy appears lower than initially reported. Based on our data the routine use of an anal fistula plug cannot be recommended. In our opinion, anal fistula plug placement can be considered in patients with more complex, high fistulae and in those who have recurrent fistulae despite previous surgery. It provides a non‐invasive alternative in these patients, in whom postoperative incontinence is a real concern.
A Prospective Study of Clopidogrel Therapy in Dogs with Primary Immune‐Mediated Hemolytic Anemia
Authors: Mellett A.M. , Nakamura R.K. , Bianco D. 
Published: December 2010

Background: A major cause of death in dogs with primary immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia (pIMHA) is thrombotic disease. Ultralow‐dose aspirin (ULDA) is commonly used to prevent thrombosis in dogs with pIMHA; however, the efficacy of antiplatelet agents in dogs with pIMHA is unknown.Hypothesis: The use of clopidogrel (CL), alone or in combination with ULDA, would improve survival to discharge and at 90 days without important adverse effects compared with ULDA alone in dogs with pIMHA treated with standard immunosuppressive therapy.Animals: Twenty‐four client‐owned dogs with pIMHA.Methods: Prospective, positive‐controlled, unmasked clinical trial with dogs randomized in 3 treatment groups to receive PO ULDA or CL or both.Results: There was no identifiable adverse reaction, evidence of hemorrhage, or increase in transfusion requirements associated with CL therapy, either alone or combined with ULDA, compared with ULDA alone. There was no significant difference between treatment groups with respect to survival to discharge and at 90 days.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: This study suggests that CL therapy, alone or in combination with ULDA, was safe and had similar short‐term survival compared with ULDA alone in a small group of dogs with pIMHA able to tolerate oral medications and treated with standard immunosuppressive treatment.
The mid‐infrared transmission spectra of multiple stones from the Almahata Sitta meteorite
Authors: SANDFORD Scott A. , MILAM Stefanie N. , NUEVO Michel , JENNISKENS Peter , SHADDAD Muawia H. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract– On October 7, 2008, the asteroid 2008 TC3 entered Earth’s atmosphere, exploded at 37 km altitude, and created a strewn field of stones, the Almahata Sitta meteorite, in Sudan. A preliminary analysis of one of these stones (#7) showed it to be a unique polymict ureilite (Jenniskens et al. 2009). Here we report 39 mid‐infrared (mid‐IR) (4000–450 cm−1; 2.5–22.2 μm) transmission spectra taken from 26 different stones collected from the strewn field. The ureilite spectra show a number of absorption bands including a complex feature centered near 1000 cm−1 (10 μm) due to Si‐O stretching vibrations. The profiles of the silicate features fall along a mixing line with endmembers represented by Mg‐rich olivines and pyroxenes, and no evidence is seen for the presence of phyllosilicates. The relative abundances of olivine and pyroxene show substantial variation from sample to sample and sometimes differ between multiple samples taken from the same stone. Analysis of a mass normalized coaddition of all our ureilite spectra yields an olivine‐to‐pyroxene ratio of 74:26, a value that falls in the middle of the range inferred from the infrared spectra of other ureilites. Both the predominance of olivine and the variable olivine‐to‐pyroxene ratio are consistent with the known composition and heterogeneity of other ureilites. Variations in the colors of the samples and the intensities of the silicate feature relative to the mass of the samples indicate a significant contribution from additional materials having no strong absorption bands, most likely graphitized carbon, diamonds, and/or metals.
Extensions of rank one (φ,Γ)-modules and crystalline representations
Authors: Chang Seunghwan , Diamond Fred 
Published: December 2010

AbstractLetKbe a finite unramified extension ofQp. We parametrize the (φ,Γ)-modules corresponding to reducible two-dimensional$\overline {\F }_p$-representations ofGKand characterize those which have reducible crystalline lifts with certain Hodge–Tate weights.
Computable bounds for Rasmussen’s concordance invariant
Authors: Lobb Andrew 
Published: December 2010

AbstractGiven a diagram D of a knot K, we give easily computable bounds for Rasmussen’s concordance invariant s(K). The bounds are not independent of the diagram D chosen, but we show that for diagrams satisfying a given condition the bounds are tight. As a corollary we improve on previously known Bennequin-type bounds on the slice genus.
Study of Interfacial Friction Force for Bubble Flows in a 2×1 Rod Channel Simplifying BWR
Authors: Kawahara Akimaro , Sadatomi Michio , Nakamoto Yutaro , Masuda Takatoshi 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMost of the recent subchannel analysis codes are based on a multifluid model, and an accurate evaluation of the constitutive equations in the model is essential. In order to get an accurate interfacial friction force in two-phase bubble flows, experimental data on drag coefficient and interfacial area concentration have been obtained for air-water flows in a 2×1 rod channel simplifying a boiling water nuclear reactor fuel rod bundle. In order to know the effects of liquid properties on the data, the temperature of the test water was changed from 18°C to 50°C. The data are compared with the existing correlations reported in literatures. As a result, the semitheoretical correlation of Hibiki and Ishii (2001, “Interfacial Area Concentration in Steady Fully-Developed Bubbly Flow,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 44, pp. 3443–3461) was found to give the best prediction against the present interfacial area concentration data. The correlation of Delhaye and Bricard (1994, “Interfacial Area in Bubbly Flow: Experimental Data and Correlations,” Nucl. Eng. Des., 151, pp. 65–77) also gave a reasonably good prediction if their correlation was modified by incorporating liquid property effects. As for the drag coefficient, no correlation exists, which can predict the present data well. Therefore, we developed a new correlation, including three dimensionless numbers, i.e., bubble capillary number, Morton number, and Eötvös number. The correlation predicted the data of Liu et al. (2008, “Drag Coefficient in One-Dimensional Two-Group Two-Fluid Model,” Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow, 29, pp. 1402–1410) as well as the present data well.
Photographic Study on Two-Phase Flow Patterns of Water in a Single-Side Heated Narrow Rectangular Channel
Authors: Wang Junfeng , Huang Yanping , Wang Yanlin 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Visualized experimental observation on flow patterns during flow boiling of water under single-side heated and fluid-inlet subcooled conditions in a vertical narrow rectangular channel with the cross section of 40×3 mm2 have been carried out. Four discernible flow patterns, which names dispersed bubbly, coalesced bubbly, churn flow, and annular flow are observed. Flow visualization in two dimensions of two-phase flow patterns for narrow rectangular channel, which provided clearer evidence to distinguish flow patterns, have been performed. Based on the experimental results, a flow pattern map for single-side heated narrow rectangular channel has been developed and then compared with the exiting maps and flow transition criteria.
High Temperature Aging and Corrosion Study on Alloy 617 and Alloy 230
Authors: Mo Kun , Lovicu Gianfranco , Tung Hsiao-Ming , Chen Xiang , Stubbins James F. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The very high temperature gas-cooled reactor (VHTR), with dual capacities of highly efficient electricity generation and thermochemical production of hydrogen, is considered as one of the most promising Gen-IV nuclear systems. The primary candidate materials for construction of the intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) for the VHTR are alloy 617 and alloy 230. To have a better understanding of the degradation process during high temperature long-term service and to provide practical data for the engineering design of the IHX, aging experiments were performed on alloy 617 and alloy 230 at 900°C and 1000°C. Mechanical properties (hardness and tensile strength) and microstructure were analyzed on post-aging samples after different aging periods (up to 3000 h). Both alloys attained increased hardness during the early stages of aging and dramatically soften after extended aging times. Microstructural analysis including transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and electron backscatter diffraction was carried out to investigate the microstructure evolution during aging. A carbide particle precipitation, growth, and maturing process was observed for both alloys, which corresponds to the changes of the materials’ mechanical properties. Few changes in grain boundary character distribution and grain size distribution were observed after aging. In addition, high temperature corrosion studies were performed at 900°C and 1000°C for both alloys. Alloy 230 exhibits much better corrosion resistance at elevated temperature compared with alloy 617.
Experimental Comparisons of 3D Reconstructed Pin-Power Distributions in Full-Scale BWR Fuel Assemblies
Authors: Giust Flavio D. , Grimm Peter , Chawla Rakesh 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
In this paper, reconstructed local fission rates obtained with the two-group nodal diffusion program PRESTO-2, used at the Leibstadt Nuclear Power Plant (KKL) in Switzerland, are compared with experimental results and MCNPX calculations. The experimental facility consists of a test zone, where the measurements are made, surrounded by a buffer zone and two driver zones that render the system critical and also contain the control rods. The test zone consists of a tank that contains a 3×3 array of BWR fuel assemblies of type SVEA-96+. Four cases are considered, all corresponding to a 1.23 m high active zone moderated with light water at room temperature: (1) axially uniform enrichment and gadolinium content, (2) like case 1 but with an L-shaped control blade completely inserted, (3) enrichment and gadolinium content change at the core midplane, and (4) like case 2 but with the control blade partially inserted. The comparisons give insight into the accuracy of the pin-power reconstruction methodology. The axially uniform case without control blade shows a good radial agreement and a well predicted axial curvature of the flux. On the other hand, systematic deviations are observed in the radial direction for the controlled cases, with the axial heterogeneities causing deviations around the discontinuity and also in the axial curvature of the flux.
Distribution of Fusidic Acid Resistance Determinants in Methicillin-Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: McLaws F. B. , Larsen A. R. , Skov R. L. , Chopra I. , O'Neill A. J. 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT

The prevalence of resistance to fusidic acid in clinical isolates of
Staphylococcus aureus
, including methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
(MRSA), has increased in the past 2 decades. However, there are limited data regarding the relative importance in this process of the different staphylococcal determinants that mediate resistance to fusidic acid. Furthermore, the roles played by clonal dissemination of fusidic acid-resistant strains versus horizontal transmission of fusidic acid resistance determinants have not been investigated in detail. To gain insight into both issues, we examined fusidic acid resistance in 1,639 MRSA isolates collected in Denmark between 2003 and 2005. Resistance to fusidic acid (MIC, >1 μg/ml) was exhibited by 291 (17.6%) isolates. For the majority of these isolates (∼87%), resistance was attributed to carriage of
fusB
or
fusC
, while the remainder harbored mutations in the gene (
fusA
) encoding the drug target (EF-G). The CC80-MRSA-IV clone carrying
fusB
accounted for ∼61% of the resistant isolates in this collection, while a single CC5 clone harboring
fusC
represented ∼12% of the resistant strains. These findings emphasize the importance of clonal dissemination of fusidic acid resistance within European MRSA strains. Nonetheless, the distribution of
fusB
and
fusC
across several genetic lineages, and their presence on multiple genetic elements, indicates that horizontal transmission of fusidic acid resistance genes has also played an important role in the increasing prevalence of fusidic acid resistance in MRSA.