bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Umwickeln mit Butylkautschukbändern – ein innovativer Korrosionsschutz für vollverschlossene Brückenseile
Authors: Saul Reiner , Nützel Oswald 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDie Oberfläche von neuen vollverschlossenen Brückenseilen und von Seilen im Bestand ist nach dem Regelwerk des BMVBW durch eine ca. 400 μm dicke Beschichtung gegen Korrosion zu schützen. Für die Vorbereitung der Seiloberfläche und die Applikation der Beschichtung im Streichverfahren müssen die Seile auf ganzer Länge mit Gerüsten oder Arbeitswagen zugänglich gemacht werden, was bei bestehenden Brücken zu erheblichen Verkehrsproblemen führen kann.Die Anforderungen an die Vorbehandlung der Seiloberfläche können erheblich reduziert werden, wenn die Seile mit den vom Korrosionsschutz von Rohrleitungen her bekannten Butylkautschukbändern umwickelt werden. Diese Bänder können mit selbstfahrenden Wickelrobotern aufgebracht werden, womit die Verkehrsbeeinträchtigungen auf ein Minimum reduziert werden.Es werden generelle Überlegungen zu diesem innovativen und kostengünstigen Korrosionsschutzsystem vorgestellt und über seine erfolgreiche Anwendung bei der Geh‐ und Radwegbrücke über den Rhein Kehl‐Straßburg und bei der Köhlbrandbrücke in Hamburg berichtet.Wrapping with butylcaoutchouc tapes – an innovative corrosion protection for locked coil ropes of bridges. According to the codes of the German Ministry of Traffic, the surface of new locked coil ropes of bridges – and of existing ropes – has to be protected against corrosion by an about 400 μm thick layer of paint. For the preparation of the rope surface and for the application of the paint layers with a brush, access has to be granted over the entire length of the ropes by fixed or movable scaffoldings. In existing bridges, this may lead to considerable traffic jams.The requirements for the pretreatment of rope surface may be considerably reduced, if the ropes are wrapped with tapes of butylcaoutchouc which are well‐known from the corrosion protection of pipelines. These tapes can be applied by automotive wrapping robots, so that the impact on the traffic may be reduced to a minimum.General considerations on this innovative and economic corrosion protection are presented, and its successful application for the pedestrian and bicycle bridge across the Rhine Kehl‐Straßbourg and the road bridge across the Köhlbrand in Hamburg is described.
Der Neubau des Emil‐Schumacher‐Museums in Hagen
Authors: Sobek Werner , Hinz Holger 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIm Jahre 1999 beschloss die Stadt Hagen, dem Künstler Emil Schumacher – einem Sohn der Stadt – ein eigenes Museum zu bauen. Hierzu wurde ein internationaler Wettbewerb ausgeschrieben, aus dem das Architekturbüro Lindemann Architekten aus Mannheim im Jahre 2000 als Sieger hervorging. Der Entwurf der Architekten sah eine Glashülle mit maximaler Transparenz vor, die den eigentlichen Museumskörper umschloss. Um den Entwurfsgedanken optimal umzusetzen, kam eine von Werner Sobek entwickelte Seilfassade mit ausschließlich vertikal gespannten Seilen zur Ausführung (Bild 1). Nach einer längeren Projektpause konnte das Museum schließlich im August 2009 eingeweiht werden.The new building of the Emil‐Schumacher‐Museum in Hagen, Germany. In 1999 the City of Hagen decided to build a museum for the painter Emil Schumacher, a son of the city. Lindemann Architects from Mannheim/Germany won the international competition announced on that occasion. The design of the architects envisaged a glass skin offering a maximum of transparency that was to envelop the museum building proper. In order to realise this design, Werner Sobek developed a cablestayed façade with vertical cables only (figure 1). After a prolonged project pause the museum could finally be inaugurated in August 2009.
Fassade der Sparkasse Heinsberg – eine Freiformfläche mit Seilen und punktgehaltenen Gläsern
Authors: Tückmantel Peter 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDie Realisation von komplexen Geometrien ist eine in der zeitgenössischen Architektur häufig anzutreffende Bauaufgabe. Dieser Aufsatz erläutert eine bisher kaum angewandte Technik, das Erstellen von doppelt‐gekrümmten Flächen mittels eines Seiltragwerkes.Free‐form cables façades with pointfixed insulating glass unites. In modern architecture the realisation of complex geometrie is one of the most interesting fields. This paper describes an up to now not often used new technique, the construction of double curved envelopes by using a cable‐net structure.
Bewertung der Sicherheitsanforderungen von Temperatureinwirkungen auf Brücken
Authors: Mangerig Ingbert , Lichte Ulf , Beucher Stefan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDer Aufsatz beschäftigt sich mit Grundlagenuntersuchungen zur Festlegung eines Teilsicherheitsbeiwerts für Temperatureinwirkungen auf Brücken. Zur zuverlässigen Ableitung der angestrebten Aussagen wurde über numerische Langzeitsimulationen die erforderliche Datenbasis geschaffen. Den Berechnungen lagen typische Brückenquerschnitte in Stahl‐, Verbund‐ und Betonbauweise zugrunde. Zur Darstellung repräsentativer Wetterszenarien standen kontinuierliche Wetterdaten eines Zeitraums von drei Jahren zur Verfügung. Die abzuleitenden Grenzwerte wurden unter der Vorgabe einer mittleren Wiederkehrperiode von 50 Jahren über Extremwertbetrachtungen bestimmt. Durch Vergleiche mit den im DIN‐Fachbericht 101 angegebenen charakteristischen Werten der Temperatureinwirkungen können analog zur bestehenden Praxis die zu erwartenden Extremwerte in das semiprobabilistische Sicherheitskonzept integriert werden. Mit dieser Vorgehensweise konnte der Zielvorgabe, das bewährte Konzept der Berechnung von Temperatureinwirkungen unverändert zu belassen und die Streubreiten mit einem Sicherheitsabstand zu berücksichtigen, entsprochen werden.Validation of the safety coefficients for thermal load on bridges. This paper covers basic analysis for the determination of partial safety coefficients for thermal loads on bridges. Long‐term numerical simulations were performed to achieve an appropriate database for reliable predictions. The calculations were based on typical bridge cross‐sections in steel, composite and concrete constructions and representative weather scenarios. The weather data was provided for a continuous period of three years. The obtained limit values were determined on the basis of a fifty years recurrence by the use of limit value analysis. Considering the characteristic values of DIN‐Fachbericht 101 for thermal load the estimated limit values were integrated analog to practical use into the semi‐probabilistic safety concept. Therefore it was possible to keep the well established concept of calculating the thermal load unchanged, while the scatter range was covered by a safety margin.
Eisenbahnbrücken in Stahlverbundbauweise
Authors: Schmitt Victor , Seidl Günter 
Published: March 2010

AbstractEisenbahnbrücken in Verbundbaubauweise spielen eine sehr unterschiedliche Rolle in den einzelnen Ländern Europas, und die Wirtschaftlichkeit ihres Lebenszyklus' wird jeweils ganz verschieden bewertet. Auch in der konstruktiven Durchbildung der Brücken zeigen sich neue Ansätze. Anhand von Verbundbauwerken, die in Frankreich und in Deutschland in der letzten Zeit gebaut wurden, werden die wichtigsten Einsatzgebiete beschrieben und die Unterschiede in der Konstruktion deutlich.Railway bridges using steel‐concrete composite structures. Railway bridges using steel‐concrete composite cross‐sections play a different role in the countries of Europe. The assessment of the economic efficiency during a life cycle differs considerably. The design of composite bridges reveals innovative approaches. By means of composite construction which is in use in France and in Germany in recent times, the range of application is figured out and the differences in construction become visible.
Forschungsschwerpunkte im Fachverband Konstruktiver Glasbau
Authors: Klimke Herbert , Wellershoff Frank 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDer Fachverband Konstruktiver Glasbau, kurz FKG, setzt sich zusammen aus Produktions‐ und Veredlungsbetrieben, Ingenieurbüros und Forschungsstellen die den technischen Fragestellungen des Glasbaus gemeinsam auf den Grund gehen möchten. Die übergeordneten Zielsetzungen des FKG sind:– Grundlagenforschung, auf deren Basis mehrere Mitgliedsfirmen ihre Produkte eigenständig weiterentwickeln können, als Beispiele seien hier die qualitätssichernden Maßnahmen bei der Herstellung von thermisch teilvorgespannten Gläsern genannt– Bemessungs‐ und Nachweismethoden erarbeiten und in neue Normen umsetzen, als Beispiel sei hier die Verbundwirkung von Verbundglas unter Wind‐ oder Schneelasten genanntUm die Kosten dieser anwendungsorientierten Forschung möglichst gerecht zu verteilen, können die Mitglieder ihren Mitgliedsbeitrag durch die Mitarbeit in einzelnen Arbeitsgruppen reduzieren. Hierdurch wird ein hohes Maß an Umsetzbarkeit der Ergebnisse sichergestellt. In diesem Beitrag wird der Stand der Arbeiten des FKG in aktuellen Forschungsschwerpunkten des konstruktiven Glasbaus zusammengefasst.Research priorities of the German Federation for Structural Glass in Building. The German Federation for Structural Glass in Building (Fachverband Konstruktiver Glasbau, FKG) is a joint venture of companies, which produce or refine glass, of engineering offices and research institutes. The common idea of this group is to increase the knowledge for structural glass in the fields of production, engineering and application. The main goals of the federation are:– Basic research which enables numerous companies in the federation to further develop their products, e.g. the quality requirements for the production of heat strengthened glass– Development of design methods and implementation into national codes, e.g. the design of point supported glass or the shear interaction in laminated glass under wind‐ or snow loadsTo split the costs for this market driven research as fair as possible, those companies that actively participate in the working groups can reduce their membership fee. This motivates the companies to participate and guaranties that the research results are useful for daily practice. This paper summarises the state of work in the federation FKG.
Flexural ductility and deformability of concrete beams incorporating high‐performance materials
Authors: Ho J. C. M. , Lam J. Y. K. , Kwan A. K. H. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractHigh‐performance materials, such as high‐strength concrete (HSC) and high‐strength steel (HSS), are often adopted in tall buildings to reduce member size and save space. The use of HSC and/or HSS can significantly increase the flexural strength of concrete members but may also adversely affect the flexural ductility and deformability. Herein, the pros and cons of using HSC and HSS in concrete beams are investigated in terms of the limits of flexural strength, ductility and deformability that can be simultaneously achieved using nonlinear moment‐curvature analysis with stress‐path dependence of the reinforcement taken into account. The results reveal that the use of HSC or both HSC and HSS in concrete beams can at the same strength increase the ductility and deformability, or increase the strength without depleting the ductility and deformability. However, the use of HSS has no such benefit, albeit it can reduce the steel area required. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rehabilitation of a high‐rise coupled shear wall system in a 56‐storey residential reinforced concrete building (Tehran Tower), based on nonlinear dynamic time‐history analyses
Authors: Esmaili Omid , Epackachi Siamak , Mirghaderi Rasoul , Behbahani Ali Asghar Taheri , Vahdani Shahram 
Published: March 2010

SUMMARYTehran Tower is a 56‐storey reinforced concrete tall building consisting of three wings with identical plan dimensions each approximately 48 m by 22 m. The three wings are at 120° from each other and have no expansions/seismic joints. This paper contains the consideration of the rehabilitation of the Tehran Tower based on the findings of an exhaustive investigation of the nonlinear performance evaluation efforts. It has tried to show the procedure followed, methodologies utilized and the results obtained for life‐safety (LS) and collapse‐prevention (CP) evaluations of the building. Moreover, the weak zones of the structure due to analysis results are introduced and appropriate retrofit technique for satisfaction related to LS and CP criteria is presented. In this project, to improve the local behaviour of coupling panels that are regularly located in spine walls, and definitely have been recognized as the most vulnerable structural elements, making use of steel plates that are connected to concrete members by chemical anchors has been used as the best rehabilitation method for this case. Therefore, in the final section, the professional practical method utilized to perform the aforementioned project is explained. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of creep and shrinkage effects in composite tall buildings
Authors: Chowdhary Peeyush , Sharma Ravi K. 
Published: March 2010

SUMMARYIn a composite tall building, adjacent vertical members undergo differential time‐dependent deformations due to creep and shrinkage. Highly elaborate, complex and requiring large computational effort procedure, utilizing stress transfer method, age‐adjusted effective modulus method (AEMM) is available to evaluate creep and shrinkage effects in a composite building.Recently, a simple procedure and requiring lesser computational effort, utilizing AEMM has been presented for concrete and composite buildings. Studies comparing deflections and axial forces in reinforced concrete frames with those obtained from the procedure available in literature (using stress transfer method, RCM) have been reported.In this paper, suitability of the above procedures for evaluation of creep and shrinkage effects in composite buildings has been demonstrated. Studies are reported for typical creep shrinkage parameters. It is shown that the error to determine axial forces from AP(AEMM) is small for composite frame–shear wall systems with very low beam stiffness (Ib = Ic/100). Use of CP(AEMM) is warranted for the frame–shear wall systems even with low beam stiffness (Ib = Ic/20). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simpson's paradox
Authors: Alin Aylin 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSimpson's paradox occurs when an observed association between two variables is reversed after considering the third variable. Having two different conclusions makes this phenomenon paradoxical. In this article, it will be shown that the source of this paradox is the interactions between the third variable and any of the other two variables. There will also be a section about which association should be trusted. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:Statistical Models > Classification Models
B‐splines
Authors: Gillies Duncan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractB‐splines are a family of smooth curves that can be constructed to interpolate or approximate a set of control points. They are used extensively for curve and surface design in engineering and media applications. Their popularity comes from the fact that they offer a simple and intuitive means of adjusting the shape of a curve or surface interactively. Any point on a B‐spline curve or surface is defined as a local blend of the control points. The most widely used blending functions are cubic. Higher order blending makes the surface smoother and consequently less detailled. The normal formulation of the B‐spline blend is in a parametric space where the control points are equally distributed. Non uniform splines use an irregular distribution of the control points to create special effects, such as discontinuities in the curve or surface. Rational splines provide a further means of user interaction by weighting each point such that the curve is pulled more strongly towards the higher weights. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Density Estimation
Multicollinearity
Authors: Alin Aylin 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMulticollinearity refers to the linear relation among two or more variables. It is a data problem which may cause serious difficulty with the reliability of the estimates of the model parameters. In this article, multicollinearity among the explanatory variables in the multiple linear regression model is considered. Its effects on the linear regression model and some multicollinearity diagnostics for this model are presented. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Statistical Models > Linear Models
Statistical Models > Multivariate Models
Fixation of Metallo Nitrile Ylides and Metallo Nitrile Imines as Ligands in Transition Metal Complexes [1]
Authors: Völkl Alfons , Achatz Dagobert , Schoder Friedrich , Zinner Gerhard , Stolzenberg Heribert , Beck Wolfgang , Fehlhammer Wolf Peter 
Published: March 2010

Abstract1,3‐Dipoles of the type metallo nitrile ylide and metallo nitrile imine were prepared by mono‐α‐deprotonation of CH‐acidic {[W(CO)5CHCH2PPh3]PF6, M(CO)5CNCH2CO2R (M = Cr, W; R = Me, Et), [Pt(Cl)(CNCH2CO2Et)(PPh3)2]BF4} and NH‐acidic isocyanide complexes (Cr(CO)5CNNH2) and were stabilized by coordination to a second transition metal complex fragment {Cr(CO)5, [M(CO)5]+ (M = Mn, Re), [FeCp(CO)2]+, [Pt(Cl)(PR3)2]+ (R = Et, Ph)}. All dinuclear products 1–7, 10, and 11 are neutral species except [(Ph3P)2(Cl)Pt{μ2‐CNCH(CO2Et)}Pt(Cl)(PPh3)2]BF4 (8). Complex (OC)5W{μ2‐CNCH(CO2Et)}Pt(Cl)(PEt3)2 (5b) was characterized by X‐ray diffraction. Twofold deprotonation/platination to give (OC)5Cr{μ3‐CNC(Ph)}[Pt(Cl)(PPh3)2]2 (9) was achieved in the case of Cr(CO)5CNCH2Ph.
Do pollen diets vary among adjacent bumble bee colonies?
Authors: Munidasa Dulee Tamirei , Toquenaga Yukihiko 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCentral‐place foragers, such as bumble bees, are often constrained by their location when collecting resources to provide their young. We compared the resource use (pollen diets) among seven feral colonies of Bombus ardens located in an area of 2.5 × 2.5 km2. Because this area was likely to be within their maximum foraging distance, most floral resources could have been accessible to all colonies alike. Similarities in pollen diets among these colonies may suggest that the surrounding resources determine resources use, while deviations from this could reveal other factors that affect resources use among colonies. We examined if colonies showed similarities in pollen diets and if colonies do differ in pollen diets, we investigated whether factors, such as establishment year, colony size, and location, affected the colony pollen diets. We found that while the choices of floral resources were similar, the proportional use of the floral resources were significantly different, suggesting that the surrounding resources do not solely determine resource use among colonies. Further analyses showed that the dissimilarity of pollen diets between two colonies increased as spatial distance decreased, as the temporal distances increased, and as the difference in colony size increased. We found that other than differences in annual variances of resources distribution, colony size was the prominent factor that affected the resource use of our seven colonies. We propose that colony‐size‐dependent work‐force differences and other unidentified colony‐size‐related factors could have significant effects on floral use among colonies overlapping spatially and temporally.
The exploratory analysis of autocorrelation in animal‐movement studies
Authors: Dray Stéphane , Royer‐Carenzi Manuela , Calenge Clément 
Published: March 2010

AbstractStudies of animal movements have been popularized for many large and shy species by the increasing use of radio telemetry methods (VHF and GPS technologies). Data are collected with high sampling frequency, and consist of successive observations of the position of an individual animal. The statistical analysis of such data poses several problems due to the lack of independence of successive observations. However, the statistical description of the temporal autocorrelation between successive steps is rarely performed by ecologists studying the patterns of animals movements. The aim of this paper is to warn ecologists against the consequences of failing to consider this aspect. We discuss the various issues related to analyzing autocorrelated data, and show how the exploratory analysis of autocorrelation can both reveal important biological insights and help to improve the accuracy of movement models. We suggest some tools that can be used to measure, test, and adjust for temporal autocorrelation. A short ecological illustration is presented.
Dietary starch source influences in growing goats: the intestinal losses of endogenous nitrogen and amino acids
Authors: Zhou Chuanshe , Tan Zhiliang , Pan Yafei , Liu Shimin , Tang Shaoxun , Sun Zhihong , Han Xuefeng , Wang Min 
Published: March 2010

Four goats (20 (SD2·5) kg) fitted with ruminal, duodenal and ileal cannulae were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to estimate the effects of a dietary starch source on the duodenal and ileal flows of endogenous N (EN) and endogenous amino acids (EAA) in growing goats. Goats were fed total mixed rations containing four starch sources (mainly from maize (MR), wheat (WR), paddy (PR) and sorghum (SR) treatments). There were no significant (P>0·05) effects of the dietary starch source on the intestinal flows of EN and EAA. The duodenal flows of EN were 2·40, 2·39, 2·18 and 1·56 g/d for the MR, WR, PR and SR treatments, respectively, as determined by the difference method, and the duodenal flows of EAA were 10·76, 11·29, 10·95 and 10·96 g/d by estimation with the amino acid profile method. The flows of EN and EAA at the ileum were 1·17, 1·12, 1·01, 0·70 and 4·87, 4·95, 4·94, 4·99 g/d, respectively, as estimated by the water-soluble method. The average intestinal reabsorption of EN and EAA was 57·5 %, and the endogenous Leu by the MR treatment was significantly (P < 0·05) lower than that of the other three treatments. The present results indicate that losses of endogenous protein in the intestine were not affected by the dietary starch source.
Body mass index and the risk of infections in institutionalised geriatric patients
Authors: Dorner Thomas E. , Schwarz Franz , Kranz Alexander , Freidl Wolfgang , Rieder Anita , Gisinger Christoph 
Published: March 2010

The objective was to examine the effect of BMI on the incidence of various infectious diseases in institutionalised, geriatric subjects. In a retrospective cohort study we analysed medical records of 619 patients aged 75 years and older (mean age 87·6 (sd 6·4) years) who were treated in a geriatric hospital in Vienna, Austria. The total incidence rate of infection in this population was 0·80 per person-year. The most frequent infections were urinary tract infections (0·30 per person-year), followed by infections of the lower respiratory tract (0·19 per person-year), diarrhoea (0·12 per person-year) and other infections (0·20 per person-year). Incidence risk ratios were obtained by a multiplicative Poisson regression model. There was a J-shaped curve in the incidence of infections recorded by BMI with a nadir at 27–28 kg/m2. Compared with the reference group with a BMI of 24–27·9 kg/m2, subjects with a lower BMI had a higher incidence rate of infections. The incidence risk ratios, adjusted for sex, age and chronic diseases, were 1·62 (95 % CI 1·21, 2·17) for those with a BMI of < 20 kg/m2 and 1·84 (95 % CI 1·40, 2·42) for those with a BMI of 20–23·9 kg/m2. However, also patients with a BMI of 28 kg/m2 and above had a higher incidence rate of infections, with an incidence risk ratio of 1·54 (95 % CI 1·07, 2·22). These results show that both underweight and obesity are associated with a higher risk of infections in institutionalised geriatric patients.