bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A brief review of the methodology and cryoprotectants in selected fish and mammalian species
Authors: Aramli Mohammad Sadegh , Sarvi Moghanlou Kourosh , Pourahad Anzabi Mojtaba 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCryopreservation is a valuable technique used to assist in the genetic improvement of cultured stocks and provide a continuous supply of good‐quality semen for artificial insemination. Conserving semen by cryopreservation serves several purposes (e.g. artificial reproductive technologies and species conservation) and is also used in the clinical treatment of human infertility. However, the lifespan of cryopreserved semen is influenced by a range of factors, including storage temperature, cooling rate, chemical composition of the extender, the concentration of cryoprotectant, reactive oxygen species, seminal plasma composition and hygienic control. The choice of cryoprotectant is a vital factor underlying the success of animal semen cryopreservation. In this regard, extensive research has been carried out on various cryoprotectants, such as egg yolk, dimethyl sulfoxide, methanol, ethylene glycol and dimethylacetamide. Recent studies have also described the use of a range of new cryoprotectants for cryopreservation, including compounds of plant origin (soy), amino acids, antifreeze proteins, carbohydrates and cyclodextrins. Moreover, semen cryopreservation and storage require the use of liquid nitrogen or ultralow refrigeration methods for both long‐ and short‐term storage. This review summarizes the general methods used for freezing semen and discusses the use of traditional and newly emerging cryoprotectants (permeable and non‐permeable) for the cryopreservation of semen in selected fish and mammalian species.
Long‐term straw mulching alleviates microbial nutrient limitations and increases carbon‐use efficiency within aggregates
Authors: Li Yan , Zhang Xuechen , Li Meng , Liu Jiaxin , Zhang Kuandi , Li Ziyan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLong‐term straw mulching was known to change soil nutrient content, aggregate distribution and extracellular enzyme activities. However, the impact of long‐term straw mulching on microbial nutrient limitations and carbon‐use efficiency (CUEst) within aggregates remains unclear. To fill the gap, we conducted a 10‐year field experiment in a semi‐arid region and used an ecoenzymatic stoichiometry model to quantify microbial resource limitations in soil aggregates under long‐term mulching. We studied the effects of two mulching measures (plastic film mulching [FM] and straw mulching [SM], with no mulching as the control [CK]) on the nutrient content and limitations within aggregates. The results show that compared with FM, SM increased the proportion of aggregates to larger >2 mm and decreased the proportion of aggregates in the 2–0.25 mm classes. Additionally, FM resulted in carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) limitations in the soil, particularly in the >2 mm class, while SM alleviated these constraints. This effect was primarily attributed to the increase in soil organic carbon (SOC) and microbial biomass carbon content (Cm), especially the enhanced carbon content associated with larger aggregates (>2 mm) and the increased activities of carbon–nitrogen (C–N)‐acquiring enzymes. SM also resulted in high CUEst by influencing microbial P limitation. Random forest analysis indicates that soil abiotic factors, particularly SOC and total nitrogen (TN), were the main drivers of microbial resource limitations within the aggregates. These findings suggest that the mulching material determines the development of soil aggregates and resource allocation within these aggregates. Thus, the study provides valuable insights for formulating effective carbon management strategies in semi‐arid regions.
A further update on mortality and morbidity in patients with very low hemoglobin levels who decline blood transfusion
Authors: Seeber Petra , Trentino Kevin M. , Murray Kevin , Lucas Matthias 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn the past two decades, researchers have published mortality and morbidity rates in patients with very low hemoglobin levels declining blood transfusion. The clinical knowledge and tools available for the management of patients who decline transfusions have grown since these publications. The aim of our study was to provide a further update on outcomes associated with severe anemia in these patients.Study Design and MethodsA retrospective observational study of patients declining allogeneic blood transfusions with nadir hemoglobin levels ≤8 g/dL treated at The Institute for Blood Management, HELIOS Klinikum Gotha, Germany. Outcomes were in‐hospital mortality within 30 days and composite morbidity or mortality, with morbidity events defined as acute myocardial infarction, cardiac failure, wound infection, arrhythmia, and pneumonia.ResultsBetween June 2008 and June 2021, The Institute for Blood Management treated 2841 admissions of which 159 (5.6%) recorded nadir hemoglobin levels ≤8 g/dL. Of these, five (3.1%) patients died in hospital within 30 days, including four (4.8%) patients admitted for surgical procedures and one (1.4%) medical admission. There was a significant increase in the unadjusted proportion of composite morbidity or mortality events with severity of nadir hemoglobin, with each gram decrease in hemoglobin associated with a 1.48 (95% confidence interval = 1.05–2.09; p = .025) times increase.ConclusionOur comparatively lower proportion of patients reaching hemoglobin levels ≤8 g/dL and lower mortality rates suggest outcomes in patients with severe anemia is modifiable with the application of current patient blood management and bloodless medicine and surgery strategies.
Cultural conceptualisations in Nigerian Pidgin English proverbs
Authors: Callies Marcus 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article explores Nigerian Pidgin English proverbs as a source of cultural conceptualisations that reflect traditional wisdom as well as the modern urban setting of West Africa. A total of 173 proverbs sourced from the BBC News Pidgin's Instagram service were analysed for recurrent lexical keywords and themes (e.g. those relating to food, eating and drinking, and animals) that can be interpreted as source domain lexical material that points to the knowledge of nature, common animals, objects and social situations. The findings suggest that Nigerian Pidgin English proverbs contain a rich inventory of variety‐ and culture‐specific lexis that encodes cultural knowledge and practice, for example knowledge of the local flora and fauna, food items, but also objects of material culture such as clothing, as well as references to social culture.
Linguistic variation, Philippine English and mental health issues
Authors: Cruz Priscilla Angela T. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article is a study of how Filipinos talk about their depression and recovery in Philippine English, as compared to how users from other Englishes talk about their experiences with the same illness. As such, this is an attempt at examining what contextual factors give rise to variations in Englishes. World Englishes research has posited that different geographical and cultural contexts engender ‘new’ Englishes; hence, different Englishes are named via country or culture and are considered to be distinct from each other. This article is concerned with the issue of how contexts of use, such as depression, can lead to systemic changes in the English that different individuals use. This study extends research on how particular discursive features may characterize one variety of English as compared to another by examing how ideational and interpersonal meanings relate to construe a ‘world’ of depression in Philippine English and Inner Circle Englishes.
A characterisation of Lie algebras using ideals and subalgebras
Authors: Dotsenko Vladimir , García‐Martínez Xabier 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe prove that if, for a non‐trivial variety of non‐associative algebras, every subalgebra of every free algebra is free and is an ideal whenever is an ideal, then this variety coincides with the variety of all Lie algebras.
Prognostics and Health Management of Unmanned Surface Vessels: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Hazra Indranil , Weiner Matthew J. , Yang Ruochen , Chatterjee Arko , Southgate Joseph , Groth Katrina M. , Azarm Shapour 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
With the increasing popularity and deployment of unmanned surface vessels (USVs) all over the world, prognostics and health management (PHM) has become an indispensable tool for health monitoring, fault diagnosis, health prognosis, and maintenance of marine equipment on USVs. USVs are designed to undertake critical and extended missions, often in extreme conditions, without human intervention. This makes the USVs susceptible to equipment malfunction, which increases the probability of system failure during mission execution. In fact, in the absence of any crew onboard, system failure during a mission can create a great inconvenience for the concerned stakeholders, which compels them to design highly reliable USVs that must have integrated intelligent PHM systems onboard. To improve mission reliability and health management of USVs, researchers have been investigating and proposing PHM-based tools or frameworks that are claimed to operate in real time. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the existing literature on recent developments in PHM-related studies in the context of USVs. It covers a broad perspective of PHM on USVs, including system simulation, sensor data, data assimilation, data fusion, advancements in diagnosis and prognosis studies, and health management. After reviewing the literature, this study summarizes the lessons learned, identifies current gaps, and proposes a new system-level framework for developing a hybrid (offline–online) optimization-based PHM system for USVs in order to overcome some of the existing challenges.
Numerical Investigation on Energetic, Combustion, and Emissions Parameters of a Diesel Engine Fueled With Diesel/Butanol and Diesel/Pentanol
Authors: Sinha Indranil , Datta Ambarish , Mandal Bijan Kumar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this article, the effect of butanol/diesel and pentanol/diesel blended fuel with different proportions on the energetic, combustion, and emissions parameters of a diesel engine was studied. First, an engine model was established using Diesel-RK software. The modeled engine was a direct injection diesel engine having a fixed compression ratio, injection timing, and speed of 17.5:1, 23 degbTDC, and 1500 rpm, respectively. After that, a set of experiments was conducted using a 5% pentanol and 95% diesel by volume fuel blend maintaining the same operating conditions as the simulation, and the results of the experiment were compared with the numerical result using the same blend. The simulated results were found to be in respectable agreement with experimental findings. The analysis of the simulated results shows that at 100% load using 15% butanol and 85% diesel by volume and 15% pentanol and 85% diesel by volume brake thermal efficiency was increased by 0.96% and 0.8%, respectively. The emission of NOx was reduced by 24.4% and 10.75% on average using butanol and pentanol blends, respectively. The instantaneous heat release rate and ignition delay increase with the higher alcohol–diesel blends, whereas the peak pressure rise and combustion temperature decrease. Smoke emissions were reduced by 3.31–8.75%, and specific particulate matter emissions decreased by 20.9% and 15.07%, respectively, on average with the addition of butanol/pentanol in neat diesel.
An In Situ Exploration of Practicing Rugby Coaches’ Cognitions, Higher Psychological Functions, and Actions Using Think Aloud Protocol
Authors: Quick Simon , Lyle John 
Published: May 2024

Psychology-based research has been a characteristic of empirical inquiry in sport coaching for over 50 years, and cognitive function is widely accepted as a fundamental component of sport coaching expertise. Within the academic literature, much empirical research on coaches’ cognitions has tended to adopt retrospective approaches, such as postsession interviews or stimulated recall, thus capturing participant recall after the incident, training session, or competition. Methods such as these that rely on participants’ retrospective recall are prone to memory decay, reordering of accounts, and confirmation bias. The aim of this research was to collect a different type of data to what is generated with retrospective approaches and, rather, capture coaching cognitions in situ using think aloud protocol. The data captured were broken down into meaning units and analyzed using a reflexive thematic analysis. Situated in the practice of six experienced rugby coaches, findings revealed that think aloud protocol generated rich data. However, engaging think aloud protocol was problematic as the site of inquiry was confounded by multiple social interactions and required coaches to provide frequent instruction and feedback. The interaction between cognition and action is conceptualized by the tentative offering of a conceptual model that includes cognitive triggers and thresholds. The implications of these findings can help academics and coach developers to understand the complexity of capturing coaches’ in situ thinking within dynamic social environments.
Fecal microbiota transplantation: current challenges and future landscapes
Authors: Yadegar Abbas , Bar-Yoseph Haggai , Monaghan Tanya Marie , Pakpour Sepideh , Severino Andrea , Kuijper Ed J. , Smits Wiep Klaas , Terveer Elisabeth M. , Neupane Sukanya , Nabavi-Rad Ali , Sadeghi Javad , Cammarota Giovanni , Ianiro Gianluca , Nap-Hill Estello , Leung Dickson , Wong Karen , Kao Dina 
Published: May 2024

SUMMARY

Given the importance of gut microbial homeostasis in maintaining health, there has been considerable interest in developing innovative therapeutic strategies for restoring gut microbiota. One such approach, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), is the main “whole gut microbiome replacement” strategy and has been integrated into clinical practice guidelines for treating recurrent
Clostridioides difficile
infection (rCDI). Furthermore, the potential application of FMT in other indications such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), metabolic syndrome, and solid tumor malignancies is an area of intense interest and active research. However, the complex and variable nature of FMT makes it challenging to address its precise functionality and to assess clinical efficacy and safety in different disease contexts. In this review, we outline clinical applications, efficacy, durability, and safety of FMT and provide a comprehensive assessment of its procedural and administration aspects. The clinical applications of FMT in children and cancer immunotherapy are also described. We focus on data from human studies in IBD in contrast with rCDI to delineate the putative mechanisms of this treatment in IBD as a model, including colonization resistance and functional restoration through bacterial engraftment, modulating effects of virome/phageome, gut metabolome and host interactions, and immunoregulatory actions of FMT. Furthermore, we comprehensively review omics technologies, metagenomic approaches, and bioinformatics pipelines to characterize complex microbial communities and discuss their limitations. FMT regulatory challenges, ethical considerations, and pharmacomicrobiomics are also highlighted to shed light on future development of tailored microbiome-based therapeutics.
Differential alteration in
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
subsp.
plantarum
quorum-sensing systems and reduced
Candida albicans
yeast survival and virulence gene expression in dual-species interaction
Authors: Xu Zhenbo , Li Yaqin , Xu Aijuan , Xue Liang , Soteyome Thanapop , Yuan Lei , Ma Qin , Seneviratne Gamini , Hong Wei , Mao Yuzhu , Kjellerup Birthe V. , Liu Junyan 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Candida albicans
(
C. albicans
) and
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
subsp.
plantarum
(
L. plantarum
) are frequently identified in various niches, but their dual-species interaction, especially with
C. albicans
in yeast form, remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the dual-species interaction of
L. plantarum
and
C. albicans
, including proliferation, morphology, and transcriptomes examined by selective agar plate counting, microscopy, and polymicrobial RNA-seq, respectively. Maintaining a stable and unchanged growth rate,
L. plantarum
inhibited
C. albicans
yeast cell proliferation but not hyphal growth. Combining optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy, cell-to-cell direct contact and co-aggregation with
L. plantarum
cells surrounding
C. albicans
yeast cells were observed during dual-species interaction. Reduced
C. albicans
yeast cell proliferation in mixed culture was partially due to
L. plantarum
cell-free culture supernatant but not the acidic environment. Upon polymicrobial transcriptomics analysis, interesting changes were identified in both
L. plantarum
and
C. albicans
gene expression. First, two
L. plantarum
quorum-sensing systems showed contrary changes, with the activation of
lamBDCA
and repression of
luxS
. Second, the upregulation of stress response-related genes and downregulation of cell cycle, cell survival, and cell integrity-related pathways were identified in
C. albicans
, possibly connected to the stress posed by
L. plantarum
and the reduced yeast cell proliferation. Third, a large scale of pathogenesis and virulence factors were downregulated in
C. albicans
, indicating the potential interruption of pathogenic activities by
L. plantarum
. Fourth, partial metabolism and transport pathways were changed in
L. plantarum
and
C. albicans
. The information in this study might aid in understanding the behavior of
L. plantarum
and
C. albicans
in dual-species interaction.

IMPORTANCE

The anti-
Candida albicans
activity of
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
has been explored in the past decades. However, the importance of
C. albicans
yeast form and the effect of
C. albicans
on
L. plantarum
had also been omitted. In this study, the dual-species interaction of
L. plantarum
and
C. albicans
was investigated with a focus on the transcriptomes. Cell-to-cell direct contact and co-aggregation with
L. plantarum
cells surrounding
C. albicans
yeast cells were observed. Upon polymicrobial transcriptomics analysis, interesting changes were identified, including contrary changes in two
L. plantarum
quorum-sensing systems and reduced cell survival-related pathways and pathogenesis determinants in
C. albicans
.
Lipid phase separation impairs membrane thickness sensing by the
Bacillus subtilis
sensor kinase DesK
Authors: Sidarta Margareth , Lorente Martín Ana I. , Monsalve Anuntxi , Marinho Righetto Gabriela , Schäfer Ann-Britt , Wenzel Michaela 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Membrane fluidity and thickness have emerged as crucial factors for the activity of and resistance to several antimicrobials. However, the lack of tools to study membrane fluidity and, in particular, thickness in living bacteria limits our understanding of this interplay. The
Bacillus subtilis
histidine kinase/phosphatase DesK is a molecular sensor that directly detects membrane thickness. It controls activity of DesR, which regulates expression of the lipid desaturase Des, known for its role in cold adaptation and daptomycin susceptibility. We hypothesized that this property could be exploited to develop biosensors and reporters for antibiotic-induced changes in membrane fluidity and thickness. To test this, we designed three assays based on the
des
system: activation of the
Pdes
promoter as reporter for membrane thickening, localization of DesK-GFP(green-fluorescent protein) as proxy for rigidified membrane domains, and antibiotic sensitivity of
des
,
desK
, and
desR
deletion mutants as readout for the importance of membrane rigidification/thickening under the tested condition. While we could not confirm the suitability of the
des
system as reporter for antibiotic-induced changes in membrane thickness, we did observe that
des
expression is only activated by mild temperature shocks, likely due to partitioning of the sensor DesK into fluid membrane domains upon phase separation, precluding effective thickness sensing under harsh cold shock and antibiotic stress conditions. Similarly, we did not observe any sensitivity of the deletion mutants to either temperature or antibiotic stress, raising the question to what extent the
des
system contributes to fluidity adaptation under these conditions.

IMPORTANCE

The
B. subtilis
des system is a prime model for direct molecular membrane thickness sensor and, as such, has been well studied
in vitro
. Our study shows that our understanding of its function
in vivo
and its importance under temperature and antibiotic stress is still very limited. Specifically, our results suggest that (i) the
des
system senses very subtle membrane fluidity changes that escape detection by established fluidity reporters like laurdan; (ii) membrane thickness sensing by DesK is impaired by phase separation due to partitioning of the protein into the fluid phase; and (iii) fluidity adaptations by Des are too subtle to elicit growth defects under rigidifying conditions, raising the question of how much the
des
system contributes to adaptation of overall membrane fluidity.
Numerical Simulation of the Interaction between Weak Shock Waves and Supersonic Boundary Layer on a Flat Plate with the Blunt Leading Edge
Authors: Egorov I. V. , Nguen N. K. , Chuvakhov P. V. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The interaction of weak shock waves in form of an N-wave with the supersonic laminar boundary layer on a flat plate with blunt leading edge at the free-stream Mach number M = 2.5 is numerically studied. The numerical results are compared with known experimental data. The combined influence of the N-wave and the leading edge bluntness on the laminar-turbulent transition process is discussed.
Effects of metformin, saxagliptin and repaglinide on gut microbiota in high-fat diet/streptozocin-induced type 2 diabetic mice
Authors: Tang Yangchen , Yan Mengli , Fang Zemin , Jin Song , Xu Tingjuan 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionThere has been increasing evidence that the gut microbiota is closely related to type 2 diabetes (T2D). Metformin (Met) is often used in combination with saxagliptin (Sax) and repaglinide (Rep) for the treatment of T2D. However, little is known about the effects of these combination agents on gut microbiota in T2D.Research design and methodsA T2D mouse model induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) was employed. The T2D mice were randomly divided into six groups, including sham, Met, Sax, Rep, Met+Sax and Met+Rep, for 4 weeks. Fasting blood glucose level, serum biochemical index, H&E staining of liver, Oil red O staining of liver and microbiota analysis by 16s sequencing were used to access the microbiota in the fecal samples.ResultsThese antidiabetics effectively prevented the development of HFD/STZ-induced high blood glucose, and the combination treatment had a better effect in inhibiting lipid accumulation. All these dosing regimens restored the decreasing ratio of the phylum Bacteroidetes: Firmicutes, and increasing abundance of phylum Desulfobacterota, expect for Met. At the genus level, the antidiabetics restored the decreasing abundance of Muribaculaceae in T2D mice, but when Met was combined with Rep or Sax, the abundance of Muribaculaceae was decreased. The combined treatment could restore the reduced abundance of Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, while Met monotherapy had no such effect. In addition, the reduced Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group was well restored in the combination treatment groups, and the effect was much greater than that in the corresponding monotherapy group. Therefore, these dosing regimens exerted different effects on the composition of gut microbiota, which might be associated with the effect on T2D.ConclusionsSupplementation with specific probiotics may further improve the hypoglycemic effects of antidiabetics and be helpful for the development of new therapeutic drugs for T2D.