bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
β-Catenin Signaling Increases in Proliferating NG2+ Progenitors and Astrocytes during Post-Traumatic Gliogenesis in the Adult Brain
Authors: White Bryan D. , Nathe Ryan J. , Maris Don O. , Nguyen Nghi K. , Goodson Jamie M. , Moon Randall T. , Horner Philip J. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling can influence the proliferation and differentiation of progenitor populations in the hippocampus and subventricular zone, known germinal centers in the adult mouse brain. It is not known whether β-catenin signaling occurs in quiescent glial progenitors in cortex or spinal cord, nor is it known whether β-catenin is involved in the activation of glial progenitor populations after injury. Using a β-catenin reporter mouse (BATGAL mouse), we show that β-catenin signaling occurs in NG2 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan+ (NG2) progenitors in the cortex, in subcallosal zone (SCZ) progenitors, and in subependymal cells surrounding the central canal. Interestingly, cells with β-catenin signaling increased in the cortex and SCZ following traumatic brain injury (TBI) but did not following spinal cord injury. Initially after TBI, β-catenin signaling was predominantly increased in a subset of NG2+ progenitors in the cortex. One week following injury, the majority of β-catenin signaling appeared in reactive astrocytes but not oligodendrocytes. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) paradigms and Ki-67 staining showed that the increase in β-catenin signaling occurred in newly born cells and was sustained after cell division. Dividing cells with β-catenin signaling were initially NG2+; however, by four days after a single injection of BrdU, they were predominantly astrocytes. Infusing animals with the mitotic inhibitor cytosine arabinoside prevented the increase of β-catenin signaling in the cortex, confirming that the majority of β-catenin signaling after TBI occurs in newly born cells. These data argue for manipulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway after TBI as a way to modify post-traumatic gliogenesis.
Identification of a novel “almost neutral” μ‐opioid receptor antagonist in CHO cells expressing the cloned human μ‐opioid receptor
Authors: Sally Elliott J. , Xu Heng , Dersch Christina M. , Hsin Ling‐Wei , Chang Li‐Te , Prisinzano Thomas E. , Simpson Denise S. , Giuvelis Denise , Rice Kenner C. , Jacobson Arthur E. , Cheng Kejun , Bilsky Edward J. , Rothman Richard B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe basal (constitutive) activity of G protein‐coupled receptors allows for the measurement of inverse agonist activity. Some competitive antagonists turn into inverse agonists under conditions where receptors are constitutively active. In contrast, neutral antagonists have no inverse agonist activity, and they block both agonist and inverse agonist activity. The μ‐opioid receptor (MOR) demonstrates detectable constitutive activity only after a state of dependence is produced by chronic treatment with a MOR agonist. We therefore sought to identify novel MOR inverse agonists and novel neutral MOR antagonists in both untreated and agonist‐treated MOR cells. CHO cells expressing the cloned human mu receptor (hMOR‐CHO cells) were incubated for 20 h with medium (control) or 10 μM (2S,4aR,6aR,7R,9S,10aS,10bR)‐9‐(benzoyloxy)‐2‐(3‐furanyl)dodecahydro‐6a,10b‐dimethyl‐4,10‐dioxo‐2H‐naphtho‐[2,1‐c]pyran‐7‐carboxylic acid methyl ester (herkinorin, HERK). HERK treatment generates a high degree of basal signaling and enhances the ability to detect inverse agonists. [35S]‐GTP‐γ‐S assays were conducted using established methods. We screened 21 MOR “antagonists” using membranes prepared from HERK‐treated hMOR‐CHO cells. All antagonists, including CTAP and 6β‐naltrexol, were inverse agonists. However, LTC‐274 ((−)‐3‐cyclopropylmethyl‐2,3,4,4α,5,6,7,7α‐octahydro‐1H‐benzofuro[3,2‐e]isoquinolin‐9‐ol)) showed the lowest efficacy as an inverse agonist, and, at concentrations less than 5 nM, had minimal effects on basal [35S]‐GTP‐γ‐S binding. Other efforts in this study identified KC‐2‐009 ((+)‐3‐((1R,5S)‐2‐((Z)‐3‐phenylallyl)‐2‐azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan‐5‐yl)phenol hydrochloride) as an inverse agonist at untreated MOR cells. In HERK‐treated cells, KC‐2‐009 had the highest efficacy as an inverse agonist. In summary, we identified a novel and selective MOR inverse agonist (KC‐2‐009) and a novel MOR antagonist (LTC‐274) that shows the least inverse agonist activity among 21 MOR antagonists. LTC‐274 is a promising lead compound for developing a true MOR neutral antagonist. Synapse 64:280–288, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
GABAA receptors mediate the attenuating effects of a 5‐HT3 receptor antagonist on methamphetamine‐induced behavioral sensitization in mice
Authors: Yoo Ji‐Hoon , Lee Ha‐Kyung , Kim Hyoung‐Chun , Lee Seok‐Yong , Jang Choon‐Gon 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe previously showed that 5‐HT3 receptors are involved in the development and expression of methamphetamine (MAP)‐induced locomotor sensitization in mice. Here, we examined whether the dopaminergic or the GABAergic systems areinvolved in the attenuating effects of the 5‐HT3 receptor antagonist MDL72222 on MAP‐induced locomotor sensitization. Quantitative autoradiography of D1 ([3H]SCH23390), D2 ([3H]raclopride) receptor, and GABAA receptor benzodiazepine ([3H]flunitrazepam) binding was carried out in the brains of mice treated with chronic MAP and pretreatment with MDL72222. No significant differences were found in D1 and D2 binding between the two groups, suggesting that the attenuating effects of MDL72222 on MAP‐induced locomotor sensitization is not medicated by D1 and D2 receptors. Postsynaptic dopamine (DA) receptor supersensitivity was measured by challenge with apomorphine, a dopamine D1 and D2 receptor agonist, after repeated MAP treatment or pretreatment with MDL72222 before MAP. Apomorphine induced an enhanced locomotor activity in both chronic MAP‐treated mice and mice pretreated with MDL 72222, with no significant differences between the two groups. The binding of [3H]flunitrazepam was significantly decreased in the motor and cingulate cortex, caudate putamen, and nucleus accumbens of mice in the repeated MAP treatment group compared with the control group, and this effect was reversed by pretreatment with MDL72222. This suggested that GABAA benzodiazepine binding sites are involved in the attenuating effects of a 5‐HT3 receptor antagonist on MAP‐induced locomotor sensitization. Synapse 64:274–279, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neonatal quinpirole treatment enhances locomotor activation and dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens core in response to amphetamine treatment in adulthood
Authors: Cope Zackary A. , Huggins Kimberly N. , Sheppard A. Brianna , Noel Daniel M. , Roane David S. , Brown Russell W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNeonatal quinpirole treatment to rats produces long‐term increases in D2receptor sensitivity that persists throughout the animal's lifetime, a phenomenon referred to as D2priming. Male and female Sprague‐dawley rats were administered quinpirole (1 mg kg−1) or saline from postnatal days (P)1–11. At P60, all animals were given an injection of quinpirole (100 μg kg−1), and results showed that rats neonatally treated with quinpirole demonstrated enhanced yawning in response to quinprole, verifying D2receptor priming because yawning is a D2receptor mediated event. Beginning 1–3 days later, locomotor sensitization was tested through administration ofd‐amphetamine (1 mg kg−1) or saline every other day over 14 days, and horizontal activity and turning behavior were analyzed. Findings indicated that D2‐priming enhanced horizontal activity in response to amphetamine in females compared to males at Days 1 and 4 of locomotor sensitization testing, and D2‐priming enhanced turning in response to amphetamine. Seven to ten days after sensitization was complete, microdialysis of the NAcc core was performed using a cumulative dosing regimen of amphetamine (0.1–3.0 mg kg−1). D2‐primed rats administered amphetamine demonstrated a 500% increase in accumbal DA overflow compared to control rats administered amphetamine. Additionally, amphetamine produced a significant increase in NE overflow compared to controls, but this was unaffected by D2priming. These results indicate that D2receptor priming as is produced by neonatal quinpirole treatment robustly enhances behavioral activation and accumbal DA overflow in response to amphetamine, which may underlie increases in psychostimulant use and abuse within the psychotic population where increased D2receptor sensitivity is a hallmark. Synapse 64:289–300, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endogenous competition against binding of [18F]DMFP and [18F]fallypride to dopamine D2/3 receptors in brain of living mouse
Authors: Rominger Axel , Wagner Erika , Mille Erik , Böning Guido , Esmaeilzadeh Mouna , Wängler Björn , Gildehaus Franz‐Josef , Nowak Sebastian , Bruche Ariane , Tatsch Klaus , Bartenstein Peter , Cumming Paul 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAim. Molecular imaging studies with benzamide radioligands can reveal competition from endogenous binding at D2/3‐receptors in living brain. However, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) methods suffer from limited spatial resolution, and [11C]‐labeled ligands are only available at positron emission tomography (PET) research sites with cyclotron‐radiochemistry facilities, whereas [18F] can be transported, due to its longer physical half‐life. Therefore, we endeavored to characterize the vulnerabilities of the benzamide antagonist [18F]desmethoxyfallypride (DMFP) and its high‐affinity congener [18F]fallypride (FP) to competition from endogenous dopamine in living mouse brain. Methods. Groups of awake mice were pretreated with saline, amphetamine (10 mg/kg), or reserpine (5 mg/kg), followed by i.v. tracer injections. Mice were killed at 2.5–90 min (DMFP) or 2.5–180 min (FP) circulation times. Brains were dissected and regional radioactivity concentration measured by gamma counting. Other groups of mice were anesthetized for dynamic microPET recordings with DMFP or FP. Binding potentials (BPND) were calculated using cerebellum as reference region. Results. With 90‐min circulation, DMFP BPND in striatum was 2.4 by dissection and 2.2 by microPET, which showed a 62% decrease in response to amphetamine‐evoked dopamine release and a 33% increase after reserpine‐evoked dopamine depletion. With 120‐min circulation, FP BPND in striatum was 24.1 by dissection and 9.2 by microPET, which showed a 31% decrease in the amphetamine group, but no effect of reserpine. Dissection showed similar sensitivities for FP binding, but only a 29% amphetamine‐evoked reduction for DMFP. Conclusions. Relative to gold standard ex vivo results, microPET estimates of DMFP BPND were unbiased, whereas FP BPND in striatum was substantially underestimated. Both tracers proved suitable for revealing pharmacologically evoked changes in competition at D2/3‐receptors in striatum of living mice. Synapse 64:313–322, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional mapping of gustatory neurons in the insular cortex revealed by pERK‐immunohistochemistry and in vivo optical imaging
Authors: Kobayashi Masayuki , Fujita Satoshi , Takei Hiroki , Song Liqui , Chen Shaoyun , Suzuki Ikuko , Yoshida Atsushi , Iwata Koichi , Koshikawa Noriaki 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNeural plasticity in the gustatory area of the insular cortex (IC) plays a critical role in detecting novel taste and taste memory formation, which require extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1‐2 (ERK1‐2) phosphorylation. However, the distribution patterns of phosphorylated ERK1‐2 (pERK) responses to gustatory stimulation remain unknown. This study examined distribution patterns of gustatory stimulation‐driven pERK expression in the IC of anesthetized and alert rats. In both pentobarbital‐anesthetized and alert rats, gustatory stimulation (10% sucrose) induced pERK‐like immunoreactivity in pyramidal cells of all IC subdivisions: agranular (AI), dysgranular (DI), and granular IC (GI). Alert naïve rats exhibited ∼10‐fold larger number of pERK‐like immunopositive (pERK‐LI) cells than anesthetized naïve rats in response to sucrose application. Most pERK‐LI cells were located in layers II/III but not deeper layers and almost no parvalbumin/somatostatin‐immunopositive cells expressed pERK. In the AI, rostral regions exhibited more pERK‐LI cells than caudal regions, whereas most pERK‐LI cells existed in the DI/GI around the intersection of the rhinal fissure and middle cerebral artery (MCA), where in vivo optical imaging revealed activation during sucrose application in addition to the ventral primary and secondary somatosensory cortices. Gustatory experience affected the number of pERK‐LI cells in the IC: sucrose stimulation induced more pERK‐LI cells in the DI/GI of alert naïve rats than sucrose‐exposed rats, which had received sucrose solution for 1 week. These results suggest that pyramidal cells in the upper layers of the gustatory region are highly susceptible to ERK1‐2 phosphorylation by gustatory stimulation, which may induce neuroplastic changes in the IC. Synapse 64:323–334, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Total ganglioside ablation at mouse motor nerve terminals alters neurotransmitter release level
Authors: Zitman Femke M.P. , Todorov Boyan , Furukawa Keiko , Furukawa Koichi , Willison Hugh J. , Plomp Jaap J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNeuronal membrane gangliosides, forming a large family of sialylated glycosphingolipids, have been hypothesized to play important roles in synaptic transmission. We studied the ex vivo electrophysiological function of neuromuscular junctions of GM2/GD2‐synthase*GD3‐synthase compound null‐mutant mice after acute removal of GM3, the only remaining ganglioside in this mouse, by in vitro treatment with neuraminidase. We found 16% enhancement of the acetylcholine release per nerve impulse at low‐rate (0.3 Hz) nerve stimulation. Conversely, the treatment reduced the acetylcholine release evoked by high‐rate (40 Hz) nerve stimulation. Also, 25 ms paired‐pulse facilitation of endplate potentials was reduced by the neuraminidase‐treatment. These effects may indicate a modest modulatory influence of the negative electrical charges carried by the sialic acid molecules of gangliosides on the function of presynaptic Cav2.1 channels, affecting the magnitude and kinetics of the Ca2+ influx that induces neurotransmitter release from the motor nerve terminal. Our results show that gangliosides are to some extent involved in neurotransmission at the neuromuscular junction, but that their presence is not an absolute requirement in this process. Synapse 64:335–338, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spirituality then and now: Our journey through higher education as women of faith
Authors: Allison Audrey M. Wilson , Broadus Patreece R. Boone 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis chapter reflects on the shared journey of two African American women pursuing Ph.D.s, with a spiritual commitment to walk by faith. Afrocentric philosophy, communicative practices, and spiritually grounded pedagogical approaches to teaching and learning are examined in their transition from graduate students to university professors.
Elektronen–Spin–Resonanz – Eine Methode zur Bewertung der Radikalaktivität auf photokatalytischen Implantatoberflächen
Authors: Haupt M. , Peetsch A. , Oehr C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn einem von der Landesstiftung Baden–Württemberg geförderten Projekt im Forschungsprogramm “Biomaterialien/Biokompatibilität” wird u. a. der Einsatz der Elektronen–Spin–Resonanz (ESR) zum Nachweis von photokatalytisch erzeugten Radikalen untersucht. Die Licht–induzierte Radikalgenerierung eines Photokatalysators kann in–situ unter UV–A–Bestrahlung im ESR–Spektrometer verfolgt werden. Radikale werden dabei anhand von ihren quantenmechanischen Spin durch Absorptionsmessungen quantitativ in einem Magnetfeld nachgewiesen. Im Rahmen des Projektes werden photokatalytische TiO2–Beschichtungen der Anatas–Kristallmodifikation auf Implantaten für ihre Eignung als antimikrobielle Oberflächenbeschichtungen untersucht. Die erzeugten Radikale können Oberflächenkontaminationen zersetzen.Um ein tieferes Verständnis der Radikalgenerierung zur Erzeugung der antimikrobiellen Wirkung zu erhalten, ist es von Interesse, Radikalspezies und Radikalmengen zu bestimmen. Beides kann mit der ESR auf photokatalytischen TiO2–Oberflächen, abhängig von der Bestrahlungsdosis, untersucht werden.Im folgenden Artikel wird gezeigt, dass die ESR dazu beitragen kann, die Wirksamkeit der photokatalytischen Schichten zu belegen. Zeitaufgelöste Kontaktwinkelmessungen und Elektronenspektroskopie zur chemischen Analyse (ESCA) ergänzen die ESR–Resultate. Ebenso führen die Ergebnisse zu einem erweiterten Verständnis der photokatalytischen Generierung von Radikalen auf Anatas–TiO2–Oberflächen.
Nanotechnology in Styria: NANONET‐Styria
Authors: Riester Markus , Wiedenhofer Helmut , Rudorfer Andreas 
Published: December 2009

Nanotechnologie in der Steiermark: Das NANONET‐StyriaDas Land Steiermark hat bereits sehr früh die Nanowissenschaften und Nanotechnologie als auszubauendes Stärkefeld des Standortes erkannt und in Abstimmung mit dem Bund 2001 das Forschungsnetzwerk NANONET‐Styria gegründet.Die enge Zusammenarbeit zwischen Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft und Öffentlicher Hand garantiert seither eine nachhaltige Verankerung des Themenbereichs in der Region und trägt entscheidend zur Standortsicherung bei. NANONET‐Styria versteht sich als Kooperations‐ und Kommunikationsplattform der Steiermark, die sich zum Ziel gesetzt hat, die Kompetenzen und Konzepte der Nanowissenschaften und Nanotechnologien weiter zu entwickeln und vor allem Projekte zu realisieren. Mit dem Standort Steiermark im Zentrum der Aktivitäten werden aber auch über die regionalen und nationalen Grenzen hinweg strategische Kontakte gepflogen und aufgebaut.
Optisch dünne Schichten mit kontrollierten Eigenschaften durch plasmaunterstütztes Magnetronsputtern
Authors: Werner Oliver , Neumann Frank , Neubert Thomas , Vergöhl Michael 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde ein neuer reaktiver Magnetron Sputterprozess untersucht, bei welchem der beschichtende Sputterprozess durch eine zusätzliche Plasmaquelle unterstützt wird. Die verwendete Plasmaquelle zeichnet sich durch eine hohe Ionenstromdichte bei moderater Ionenenergie aus.Zu Beginn der Arbeiten wurden umfangreiche Untersuchungen zur möglichen Wechselwirkung von Magnetron und Plasmaquelle im Beschichtungsprozess durchgeführt. Dazu gehört auch die Bestimmung von Plasmakenngrößen am Ort des Substrates.Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass durch die gewählte Anordnung eine stabile, kontrollierbare Prozessführung gewährleistet ist.Anschließend wurden mit dieser neuentwickelten Quellenanordnung bei reaktiver Prozessführung oxidische Materialien wie Zirkon (ZrO2) und Titandioxid (TiO2) abgeschieden und untersucht. Es wird gezeigt, dass sich durch eine präzise Prozessführung mit Einstellung des Ion‐Teilchen‐Verhältnisses verschiedene optische und morphologische Schichteigenschaften gezielt beeinflussen lassen.
Leistungsfähige Dünnschicht‐Beschichtung für die Photovoltaik
Authors: Paul Dietmar 
Published: December 2009

High‐performance thin‐film coating for photovoltaic applicationsThe thin‐film photovoltaics market is large and is expected to grow continuously. Due to its huge potential regarding cost reduction and cell efficiency improvement, sputter‐etched ZnO:Al‐based TCO can make a sustainable contribution to achieve grid parity.One of the most promising approaches here is the large scale volume manufacturing of sputter‐etched TCO glass for thin film silicon solar cells.VON ARDENNE's leading process knowhow, applied to the highly productive and reliable PIA|nova coating system, allows for cost effective production and flexible adaptation of customer specific TCO requirements.
Heart Failure Guidelines and Implications for Surgically Treating Heart Failure
Authors: Pierce Janet D. , Dalton Kathleen , Duke Katherine , Spaniol Joseph R. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTIn 2005, the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association released updated guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic heart failure in the adult, yielding new insights into the progression and treatment of this disease. Perioperative nurses need a working knowledge of these guidelines to provide optimal care when patients require surgical interventions for heart failure. This article provides an overview of the pathophysiology, classifications, and treatments for heart failure. AORN J 90 (December 2009) 874–888. © AORN, Inc, 2009.
Personal Finance: There Are No Shortcuts to Financial Security
Authors: Yarkony Kathryn 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTPerioperative nurses have skills that lend themselves to sound financial decision‐making, and during these difficult economic times, it is important to know how to secure earnings for the future.Key strategies include saving for retirement, consulting a financial advisor, investing in reliable vehicles, holding investments until the market stabilizes, and controlling credit card debt.Nurses can use the nursing process of assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation to help them make sound financial decisions. AORN J 90 (December 2009) 845–850. © AORN, Inc, 2009.
Reducing Scalpel Injuries in the Operating Room
Authors: Vose Joshua G. , McAdara‐Berkowitz Jeanne 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTScalpel injuries can expose surgeons, nurses, and other OR personnel to bloodborne pathogens. Direct and indirect costs of managing exposure include time spent reporting, treating, and following up on the injuries; salaries and benefits for injured staff members; laboratory testing of exposure sources and exposed personnel; and postexposure prophylaxis.Standard precautions, training and awareness for those at risk, the use of neutral passing zones, and safety‐engineered devices have helped decrease the incidence of injury for specific categories of sharps. One new safety device is a hand piece that uses electrosurgical plasma induced with pulsed radio‐frequency energy to cut tissue. AORN J 90 (December 2009) 867–872. © AORN, Inc, 2009.
Results of the 2009 AORN Salary Survey
Authors: Bacon Donald 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTAORN conducted its seventh annual compensation survey for perioperative nurses in August of 2009.A multiple regression model was used to examine how a variety of variables including job title, education level, certification, experience, and geographic region affect nursing compensation. Comparisons between the 2009 data and previous years' data are presented.The effects of other forms of compensation, such as on‐call compensation, overtime, bonuses, and shift differentials on average base compensation rates also are examined.Additional analyses explore the effect of the current economic downturn on the perioperative work environment. AORN J 90 (December 2009) 829–844. © AORN, Inc, 2009.
The Enigma of the H1N1 Flu: Are You Ready?
Authors: Ball Kay 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTThis flu season, health care providers must be prepared to treat patients who have the seasonal flu and also those who have contracted a novel strain of the H1N1 influenza virus. Although H1N1 flu is sometimes incorrectly called “swine flu,” the virus is transmitted from person to person; it cannot be contracted from pigs or from eating pork products.Symptoms of the H1N1 flu include fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, body aches, lethargy, and fatigue, which usually appear in rapid succession. People at high risk include children, pregnant women, and those with certain medical conditions. The most common cause of death from the virus is respiratory failure, but other causes of mortality include sepsis, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalance. The first line of defense against H1N1 flu is vaccination. Treatment includes use of antiemetics, antipyretics, and respiratory support. AORN J 90 (December 2009) 852–862. © AORN, Inc, 2009.