bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current strategies in the diagnosis of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma of the central nervous system
Authors: Baraniskin Alexander , Deckert Martina , Schulte‐Altedorneburg Gernot , Schlegel Uwe , Schroers Roland 
Published: November 2011

SummaryLymphomas can arise within the central nervous system (CNS) as primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) typically involving the brain and less often the leptomeninges, eyes, and spinal cord. In contrast to PCNSL, secondary CNS lymphoma (SCNSL) is considered to originate as quasi metastasis from systemic lymphoma spreading to the CNS. Both types of CNS lymphomas are predominantly tumours of the diffuse large B‐cell type and represent aggressive diseases necessitating a rapid diagnosis. Following neuroimaging based on magnetic resonance imaging, stereotaxy and histopathological diagnosis of CNS lymphoma currently remain obligatory to plan treatment. However, progress in cytopathological, immunophenotypic, and molecular genetic analyses of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been achieved recently and potentially will facilitate lymphoma diagnosis in the future. This review describes the diagnostic procedures in patients with suspected CNS lymphomas, primarily PCNSL. In addition to a summary of the standard diagnostic work‐up, an overview and discussion of current data on different techniques for evaluation of the CSF in CNS lymphoma are given.
Temperature and precipitation controls over leaf‐ and ecosystem‐level CO2 flux along a woody plant encroachment gradient
Authors: Barron‐Gafford Greg A. , Scott Russell L. , Jenerette G. Darrel , Hamerlynck Erik P. , Huxman Travis E. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractConversion of grasslands to woodlands may alter the sensitivity of CO2 exchange of individual plants and entire ecosystems to air temperature and precipitation. We combined leaf‐level gas exchange and ecosystem‐level eddy covariance measurements to quantify the effects of plant temperature sensitivity and ecosystem temperature responses within a grassland and mesquite woodland across seasonal precipitation periods. In so doing, we were able to estimate the role of moisture availability on ecosystem temperature sensitivity under large‐scale vegetative shifts. Optimum temperatures (Topt) for net photosynthetic assimilation (A) and net ecosystem productivity (NEP) were estimated from a function fitted to A and NEP plotted against air temperature. The convexities of these temperature responses were quantified by the range of temperatures over which a leaf or an ecosystem assimilated 50% of maximum NEP (Ω50). Under dry pre‐ and postmonsoon conditions, leaf‐level Ω50 in C3 shrubs were two‐to‐three times that of C4 grasses, but under moist monsoon conditions, leaf‐level Ω50 was similar between growth forms. At the ecosystems‐scale, grassland NEP was more sensitive to precipitation, as evidenced by a 104% increase in maximum NEP at monsoon onset, compared to a 57% increase in the woodland. Also, woodland NEP was greater across all temperatures experienced by both ecosystems in all seasons. By maintaining physiological function across a wider temperature range during water‐limited periods, woody plants assimilated larger amounts of carbon. This higher carbon‐assimilation capacity may have significant implications for ecosystem responses to projected climate change scenarios of higher temperatures and more variable precipitation, particularly as semiarid regions experience conversions from C4 grasses to C3 shrubs. As regional carbon models, CLM 4.0, are now able to incorporate functional type and photosynthetic pathway differences, this work highlights the need for a better integration of the interactive effects of growth form/functional type and photosynthetic pathway on water resource acquisition and temperature sensitivity.
A genome‐wide phylogenetic reconstruction of family 1 UDP‐glycosyltransferases revealed the expansion of the family during the adaptation of plants to life on land
Authors: Caputi Lorenzo , Malnoy Mickael , Goremykin Vadim , Nikiforova Svetlana , Martens Stefan 
Published: November 2011

SummaryFor almost a decade, our knowledge on the organisation of the family 1 UDP‐glycosyltransferases (UGTs) has been limited to the model plant A. thaliana. The availability of other plant genomes represents an opportunity to obtain a broader view of the family in terms of evolution and organisation. Family 1 UGTs are known to glycosylate several classes of plant secondary metabolites. A phylogeny reconstruction study was performed to get an insight into the evolution of this multigene family during the adaptation of plants to life on land. The organisation of the UGTs in the different organisms was also investigated. More than 1500 putative UGTs were identified in 12 fully sequenced and assembled plant genomes based on the highly conserved PSPG motif. Analyses by maximum likelihood (ML) method were performed to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships existing between the sequences. The results of this study clearly show that the UGT family expanded during the transition from algae to vascular plants and that in higher plants the clustering of UGTs into phylogenetic groups appears to be conserved, although gene loss and gene gain events seem to have occurred in certain lineages. Interestingly, two new phylogenetic groups, named O and P, that are not present in A. thaliana were discovered.
An assessment of transgenomics as a tool for identifying genes involved in the evolutionary differentiation of closely related plant species
Authors: Correa Raul , Stanga John , Larget Bret , Roznowski Aaron , Shu Guoping , Dilkes Brian , Baum David A. 
Published: November 2011

Summary
Transgenomics is the process of introducing genomic clones from a donor species into a recipient species and then screening the resultant transgenic lines for phenotypes of interest. This method might allow us to find genes involved in the evolution of phenotypic differences between species as well as genes that have the potential to contribute to reproductive isolation: potential speciation genes.
More than 1100 20‐kbp genomic clones from Leavenworthia alabamica were moved into Arabidopsis thaliana by transformation. After screening a single primary transformant for each line, clones associated with mutant phenotypes were tested for repeatability and co‐segregation.
We found 84 clones with possible phenotypic effects, of which eight were repeatedly associated with the same phenotype. One clone, 11_11B, co‐segregated with a short fruit phenotype. Further study showed that 11_11B affects seed development, with as much as one‐third of the seeds aborted in some fruit.
Transgenomics is a viable strategy for discovering genes of evolutionary interest. We identify methods to reduce false positives and false negatives in the future. 11_11B can be viewed as a potential speciation gene, illustrating the value of transgenomics for studying the molecular basis of reproductive isolation.
Rizatriptan for Treatment of Acute Migraine in Patients Taking Topiramate for Migraine Prophylaxis
Authors: Seeburger Jeffrey L. , Cady Roger K. , Winner Paul , MacGregor Anne , Valade Dominique , Ge Yang , Zhang Ying , Hustad Carolyn M. , Strickler Nancy , Schaefer Eleanor , Connor Kathryn M. , Ho Tony W. 
Published: November 2011

Objective.— To assess efficacy and tolerability of rizatriptan orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) for treatment of acute migraine in patients using topiramate for migraine prophylaxis.Background.— There are limited data from prospective controlled trials demonstrating the benefit of triptans in patients who experience migraine attacks while taking prophylactic medication.Methods.— This was a worldwide, randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, multiple‐attack study in adults with a >1‐year history of migraine taking a stable dose of topiramate for migraine prophylaxis and experiencing ≥2 moderate/severe attacks per month. Participants treated 3 moderate/severe attacks in crossover fashion (2 with rizatriptan 10‐mg ODT, 1 with placebo) following random assignment to 1 of 3 treatment sequences. The primary end point was 2‐hour pain relief.Results.— Two‐hour pain relief was significantly greater with rizatriptan compared with placebo (55.0% vs 17.4%, P < .001). Response rates also favored rizatriptan for sustained pain relief from 2‐24 hours (32.6% vs 11.1%, P < .001), 2‐hour pain freedom (36.0% vs 6.5%, P < .001), normal functional ability at 2 hours (42.2% vs 12.7%, P < .001), and overall treatment satisfaction at 24 hours (60.8% vs 33.6%, P < .001). Few participants reported adverse experiences (16 [15.8%] with rizatriptan, 3 [3.2%] with placebo); none were serious.Conclusion.— Rizatriptan 10‐mg ODT was superior to placebo at all pain end points for treatment of acute migraine in patients using topiramate for migraine prophylaxis. Rizatriptan was generally well tolerated in this population. These results are comparable with those from clinical trials in patients not using prophylaxis, suggesting that the use of topiramate does not affect the efficacy or tolerability of rizatriptan for acute migraine treatment.
A randomised controlled trial of the efficacy of supported employment
Authors: Hoffmann H. , Jäckel D. , Glauser S. , Kupper Z. 
Published: November 2011

Hoffmann H, Jäckel D, Glauser S, Kupper Z. A randomised controlled trial of the efficacy of supported employment.Objective:  Although numerous randomised controlled trials indicated the superiority of supported employment (SE), we still have too little evidence that SE is more effective than traditional vocational rehabilitation programmes (TVR) in Western European countries with highly developed social security and welfare systems, sophisticated rehabilitation programmes and high thresholds to the open labour market. The aim of this study is to prove the efficacy of SE in Switzerland.Method:  Following a 2‐week intake assessment, 100 unemployed persons with stabilised severe mental illness (SMI) were randomly assigned to either the SE programme (n = 46) or to the most viable locally available TVR (n = 54). Follow‐up lasted 24 months.Results:  After the first year, the rate of competitive employment reached a mean level of 48.2% in the SE group and of 18.5% in the TVR group. 58.7% of the SE group were ever competitively employed as opposed to 25.9% of the TVR group. In the second year, SE group participants were competitively employed for 24.5 weeks as compared with 10.2 in the TVR group. The groups showed no significant differences in the non‐vocational outcome criteria.Conclusion:  The SE programme in Switzerland also proved more effective than TVR and seems to be applicable to the socio‐economic context of Western European countries.
Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry identification of Archaea: towards the universal identification of living organisms
Authors: DRIDI BÉDIS , RAOULT DIDIER , DRANCOURT MICHEL 
Published: November 2011

Dridi B, Raoult D, Drancourt M. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry identification of Archaea: towards the universal identification of living organisms. APMIS 2012; 120: 85–91.Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS) identification of Archaea has been limited to some environmental extremophiles belonging to distant taxa. We developed a specific protocol for MALDI‐TOF‐MS identification of Archaea and applied it to seven environmental human‐associated Methanobrevibacter smithii, Methanobrevibacter oralis, Methanosphaera stadtmanae, and the recently described Methanomassiliicoccus luminyensi Archaea. After mechanical lyse, we observed a unique protein profile for each organisms comprising 7–24 peaks ranging from 3 015 to 10 632 Da with a high quality score of 7.38 ± 1.26. Profiles were reproducible over successive experiments performed at 1, 2, and 3‐week growth durations and unambiguously distinguished the Archaea from all of the 3 995 bacterial spectra in the Brüker database. After the incorporation of the determined profiles into a local database, archaeal isolates were blindly identified within 10 min with an identification score of 1.9–2.3. The MALDI‐TOF‐MS‐based clustering of these archaeal organisms was consistent with their 16S rDNA sequence‐based phylogeny. These data prove that MALDI‐TOF‐MS profiling could be used as a first‐line technique for the identification of human Archaea. In complement to previous reports for animal cells, Bacteria and giant viruses, MALDI‐TOF‐MS therefore appears as a universal method for the identification of living unicellular and multicellular organisms.
Hybrid schwannoma/perineurioma: a report of two cases including a possible radiation‐induced case
Authors: Ohata Chika , Imai Naho , Hinogami Haruna , Akamatsu Kana , Sumimura Yukiko 
Published: November 2011

Hybrid schwannoma/perineurioma represents a recently characterized dermal or subdermal tumor showing schwannian cytomorphology and a perineurioma‐like architecture composed of an admixture of both cell types. We report two additional cases of hybrid schwannoma/ perineurioma, one of which occurred after irradiation. Patient 1 was that of a 33‐year‐old man presented with a 2.8‐cm dermal tumor on his left lower leg. Patient 2 was that of an 89‐year‐old woman with a history of uterine carcinoma treated by surgery and radiation therapy at the age of 35. She presented with a 1.2 × 1.0 cm dermal tumor on her left mons pubis with multiple coincidental basal‐cell carcinomas around it. Both tumors were microscopically well circumscribed but unencapsulated and situated in the dermis and adipose tissue and showed a vague storiform and lamellar pattern. Cytologically, both tumors contained two‐cell populations, i.e. spindled cells with plump nuclei, which were positive for S‐100 protein and negative for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), claudin‐1 and CD34, as well as cells with very slender nuclei and elongated cytoplasmic processes, which were negative for S‐100 protein yet expressed EMA, claudin‐1 and CD34. Claudin‐1 was a better marker to highlight cells with very slender nuclei than EMA. Both tumors lacked expression of neurofilament.Ohata C, Imai N, Hinogami H, Akamatsu K and Sumimura Y. Hybrid schwannoma/perineurioma: a report of two cases including a possible radiation‐induced case.
Spiradenocarcinoma with low‐grade basal cell adenocarcinoma pattern: report of a case with varied morphology and wild type TP53
Authors: Petersson Fredrik , Nga Min En 
Published: November 2011

We present a patient with a 2‐cm spiradenocarcinoma of the left arm resembling low‐grade salivary gland basal cell adenocarcinoma. In addition to showing attributes of conventional spiradenoma, the benign component showed prominent areas of cystic change with focal apocrine differentiation, glands with and without mucinous differentiation, clear cell change and focal adenoid cystic carcinoma‐like areas. The malignant component was composed of nodules of basaloid cells arranged in sheets with variable tendency to luminal differentiation. The nuclear atypia was low‐grade, and the mitotic index was high in the malignant component (to 8/10 high power fields). Immunohistochemically, there was diffuse but variable positivity for cytokeratin 7 in both the benign and malignant components. Epithelial membrane antigen was focally positive, highlighting cells with ductal (luminal) differentiation. Expression of p63 was observed in 50 and 80% of the cells in the benign and malignant components, respectively. Calponin was negative. The proliferative index (MIB‐1/Ki‐67) was <3% in the benign component and up to 10% in the malignant component. Although the malignant component displayed patchy areas with nuclear p53 immunoreactivity with variable intensity, no mutation in the TP53 gene was identified.Petersson F, Nga ME. Spiradenocarcinoma with low‐grade basal cell adenocarcinoma pattern: report of a case with varied morphology and wild type TP53.
Barotrauma‐associated posterior tension pneumomediastinum, a rare cause of cardiac tamponade in a ventilated neonate: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Kyle Anna , Veldtman Gruschen , Stanton Michael , Weeden David , Baral Vijay 
Published: November 2011

AbstractVentilation‐associated neonatal barotrauma comprises a spectrum of conditions including pneumothorax, pulmonary interstitial emphysema, pneumopericardium and pneumomediastinum. Whilst pneumothorax is common, mediastinal and particularly posterior mediastinal air collections are rare. We report the case of a neonate, presenting with life threatening pericardial tamponade secondary to posterior tension pneumomediastinum. The infant was successfully resuscitated with an emergency left lateral thoracotomy and chest drain insertion. We believe this to be the first such case reported in the literature. We discuss aspects of pathophysiology, diagnosis and management relating to posterior pneumomediastinum.Conclusion:  Posterior pneumomediastinum is rare, but can potentially cause fatal tamponade. Such cases must be managed in a tertiary centre where cardiology and surgical expertize are available.
The Role of Cholesterol in UV Light B‐induced Apoptosis†
Authors: George Kimberly S. , Elyassaki Walid , Wu Qiong , Wu Shiyong 
Published: November 2011

AbstractModification of major lipid raft components, such as cholesterol and ceramide, plays a role in regulation of programmed cell death under various stimuli. However, the relationship between cholesterol level modification and the activation of apoptotic signaling cascades upon UVB light has not been established. In this report, we demonstrate that upon UVB irradiation cholesterol levels in membrane rafts of skin cells increase, which leads to Fas‐receptor (Fas) aggregation in the rafts. Utilizing a continuous velocity floatation technique, we show that Fas accumulated in the lipid rafts of human melanoma M624 cells after UVB irradiation. The subsequent events of death‐inducing signaling complex formation were also detected in the lipid raft fractions. Depletion of cholesterol by methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin reduces Fas aggregation, while overloading increases. Disruption of lipid rafts also prevents Fas death domain‐associated protein (Daxx) from dissociating from Fas in the lipid rafts, which is accompanied with a reduced apoptotic, but increased nonapoptotic death of UVB‐irradiated human keratinocytes, HaCaT cells. Results indicate that cholesterol located in the plasma membrane of skin cells is required for lipid raft domain formation and activation of UVB‐induced apoptosis.
Miconazole Induces Fungistasis and Increases Killing of Candida albicans Subjected to Photodynamic Therapy†
Authors: Snell Sara B. , Foster Thomas H. , Haidaris Constantine G. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTCutaneous and mucocutaneous Candida infections are considered to be important targets for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT). Clinical application of antimicrobial PDT will require strategies that enhance microbial killing while minimizing damage to host tissue. Increasing the sensitivity of infectious agents to PDT will help achieve this goal. Our previous studies demonstrated that raising the level of oxidative stress in Candida by interfering with fungal respiration increased the efficiency of PDT. Therefore, we sought to identify compounds in clinical use that would augment the oxidative stress caused by PDT by contributing to reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation themselves. Based on the ability of the antifungal miconazole to induce ROS in Candida, we tested several azole antifungals for their ability to augment PDT in vitro. Although miconazole and ketoconazole both stimulated ROS production in Candida albicans, only miconazole enhanced the killing of C. albicans and induced prolonged fungistasis in organisms that survived PDT using the porphyrin TMP‐1363 and the phenothiazine methylene blue as photosensitizers. The data suggest that miconazole could be used to increase the efficacy of PDT against C. albicans, and its mechanism of action is likely to be multifactorial.
Multiple forms of DNA Damage Caused by UVA Photoactivation of DNA 6‐Thioguanine
Authors: Brem Reto , Karran Peter 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThiopurines are prescribed frequently as medication for cancer and for inflammatory disorders. One of them, azathioprine, has been the immunosuppressant of choice for organ transplant recipients for many years. Thiopurine use is associated with elevated sun sensitivity and skin cancer risk. Skin sensitization is selective for UVA. 6‐TG integrates into DNA and unlike the canonical DNA bases, it is a strong UVA chromophore with an absorbance maximum at 342 nm. DNA 6‐TG is a photosensitizer and a source of reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen that is generated from the photochemical activation of DNA 6‐TG causes extensive damage to DNA and proteins. This damage is mutagenic and extremely toxic to cultured human cells. Here we describe some of the lesions that are known to be generated from UVA irradiation of DNA 6‐TG. We discuss how this photochemical damage might contribute to the toxic effect of thiopurine/UVA treatment on cultured cells and to the high risk of skin cancer in thiopurine‐treated patients.
Acinetobacter Insertion Sequence IS
Aba11
Belongs to a Novel Family That Encodes Transposases with a Signature HHEK Motif
Authors: Rieck Barbara , Tourigny David S. , Crosatti Marialuisa , Schmid Ralf , Kochar Mandira , Harrison Ewan M. , Ou Hong-Yu , Turton Jane F. , Rajakumar Kumar 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Experimental and
in silico
PCR analysis targeting IS
Aba11
and Tn
AbaR
islands in 196 epidemiologically unrelated
Acinetobacter
strains representative of ≥19 species were performed. The first two
Acinetobacter baumannii
IS
Aba11
elements identified had been found to map to the same site on Tn
AbaR
transposons. However, no further evidence of physical linkage between the two elements was demonstrated. Indeed, examination of 25 definite or putative insertion sites suggested limited sequence specificity. Importantly, an
aacC1
-tagged version of IS
Aba11
was shown to actively transpose in
A. baumannii
. Similarity searches identified nine iso-IS
Aba11
elements in
Acinetobacter
and one in
Enhydrobacter
and single representatives of four distant homologs in bacteria belonging to the phyla “
Cyanobacteria
” and
Proteobacteria
. Phylogenetic, sequence, and structural analyses of IS
Aba11
and/or its associated transposase (Tnp

IS
Aba11

) suggested that these elements be assigned to a new family. All five homologs encode transposases with a shared extended signature comprising 16 invariant residues within the N2, N3, and C1 regions, four of which constituted the cardinal IS
Aba11
family HHEK motif that is substituted for the YREK DNA binding motif conserved in the IS
4
family. Additionally, IS
Aba11
family members were associated with either no flanking direct repeat (DR) or an IS
Aba11
-typical 5-bp DR and possessed variable-length terminal inverted repeats that exhibited extensive intrafamily sequence identity. Given the limited pairwise identity among Tnp

IS
Aba11

homologs and the observed restricted distribution of IS
Aba11
, we propose that substantial gaps persist in the evolutionary record of IS
Aba11
and that this element represents a recent though potentially highly significant entrant into the
A. baumannii
gene pool.