bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Workplace stressors, coping, demographics and job satisfaction in Chinese intensive care nurses
Authors: Li Jie , Lambert Vickie Ann 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground:  Prior research has suggested that certain workplace stressors, coping strategies and demographic characteristics are related to job satisfaction in nurses. Most of the research in this area has been conducted within western culture countries, with little research being carried out in Asian culture countries, especially China. It remains unclear if the findings of the research conducted in western culture countries are applicable to Chinese nurses, especially intensive care nurses.Aims and objectives:  Therefore, the aims of this study were to examine, in Chinese intensive care nurses, the most often occurring workplace stressor; the most frequently used coping strategy; and the relationships among workplace stressors, coping strategies, demographic characteristics and job satisfaction.Design:  The study design was a survey using four self‐report questionnaires.Methods:  One hundred and two intensive care nurses, from four hospitals located in two major cities in central China, were administered four self‐report questionnaires.Results:  Findings suggested that the most frequently cited workplace stressor was workload, while the most commonly used coping strategy was planning. Two hundred and twelve significant positive and negative correlations were found among the various workplace stressors, coping strategies, demographic characteristics and the different factors comprising job satisfaction.Conclusions:  These findings identify factors that need to be considered when addressing workplace stress, coping strategies and demographic characteristics as they relate to job satisfaction in Chinese intensive care nurses.Relevance to clinical practice:  It is important for both hospital and nursing administrators to address factors contributing to job satisfaction, so that retention of qualified ICU nurses, within the workforce, will be facilitated.
Perception of night‐time sleep by surgical patients in an intensive care unit
Authors: Nicolás Ana , Aizpitarte Eva , Iruarrizaga Angélica , Vázquez Mónica , Margall Angeles , Asiain Carmen 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground:  The night‐time sleep of patients hospitalized in intensive care is a very important feature within the health or disease process, as it has a direct repercussion on their adequate recovery.Aims and objectives:  (1) To describe how surgical patients perceive their sleep in the intensive care unit; (2) to compare the subjective perception of patients with the nursing records and analyse these for the degree of agreement.Design:  Descriptive research.Methods:  One hundred and four surgical patients were recruited to the study. Patients completed the Richards‐Campbell Sleep Questionnaire, a five‐item visual analogue scale, to subjectively measure their perceived level of sleep (range 0–100 mm). The observation of patient sleep by nurses, demographic data, nursing care during the night and use of specific pharmacological treatments were also collected from the nursing records.Results:  The total mean score of sleep on the first post‐operative night was 51·42 mm, 28% of patients had a good sleep, 46% a regular sleep and 26% a bad sleep. The sleep profile of these patients has been characterized by the patients having a light sleep, with frequent awakening and generally little difficulty to go back to sleep after the awakenings. The agreement between the nurses’ perceptions of patients’ sleep and the patients’ perception of their sleep was tested by means of one‐factor analysis of variance (p < 0·05) with a variation coefficient of 36·88%, which indicates that relative agreement was obtained. From analysing every nurse‐patient perception, we obtained 44% of total agreement and 56% of disagreement. When discrepancy was found, the nurse generally overestimated the patients’ perception.Conclusions:  Surgical patients’ perceptions of their sleep in the ICU suggest that this is inadequate. Nurses’ perceptions of patients’ sleep partially coincides with the latter’s perception, but we have also found that the former frequently overestimate patients’ sleep.
Critical care nurses’ workload estimates for managing patients during induced hypothermia
Authors: Olson DaiWai M , Kelly Amy P , Washam Nicole C , Thoyre Suzanne M 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIntroduction:  The purpose of this study was to provide an initial foundation for exploring how induced hypothermia impacts nursing workload in an intensive care unit setting.Methods:  This descriptive study used a questionnaire to obtain input from critical care nurses.Results:  The results represent 107 returned surveys from 120 surveys distributed to seven different critical care units. Nurses estimate a mean time of 9·27 min (95% CI = 5·63–12·92 min) per shift for each intervention. Nurses indicate that they typically consider employing over 10 interventions to reduce temperature or induce hypothermia (95% CI = 9·67–10·81).Conclusions:  Nurses are open to using a variety of different interventions to manage temperature in critically ill patients. The time required to complete any one intervention varies significantly, but the combination of interventions most certainly has a significant impact on the workload for bedside nurses.
Using a high‐flow respiratory system (Vapotherm®) within a high dependency setting
Authors: Price Ann M , Plowright Catherine , Makowski Arystarch , Misztal Beata 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground:  Vapotherm 2000i® is a non‐invasive high‐flow respiratory support system used mainly in the treatment of type 1 respiratory failure. It uses a mixture of oxygen and air to deliver a set concentration via nasal cannula (or tracheostomy mask). The advantage of this system is the high humidity achieved using the integral heated water system. The system has been used in neonatal practice as a replacement for conventional continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) but there is little published research within the adult setting about its use.Aim:  This study discusses the indications for the use of this non‐invasive high‐flow respiratory support system, the system set up, the benefits and complications of the system.Audit design:  An audit of 72 patients was undertaken within the Surgical High Dependency Unit that collected data on the types of patient receiving the therapy, its effectiveness and patient experience.Audit findings:  The audit demonstrated reduced respiratory rate and improvement in oxygenation for treated patients.Conclusion:  A non‐invasive high‐flow respiratory support system can be effective at improving oxygenation in hypoxic patients. Patients were generally satisfied with the system and the system seems suitable for use in an adult surgical high dependency setting.
Self‐extubation risk assessment tool: predictive validity in a real‐life setting
Authors: Moons Philip , Boriau Marion , Ferdinande Patrick 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAim:  To evaluate the predictive validity of the self‐extubation risk assessment tool (SERAT) in intensive care patients.Background:  Unplanned extubation is an important complication in intensive care units (ICUs). Physicians and nurses working in the ICU would benefit by having access to a tool that could reliably identify patients at risk for unplanned extubation. The SERAT is a risk stratification scheme developed to identify patients at risk for deliberate self‐extubation.Design:  A prospective, diagnostic study.Methods:  Over a 3‐month period, 256 patients who were admitted in one of five ICUs in four hospitals in Flanders (Belgium) were studied. The Glasgow Coma Scale and the Bloomsbury Sedation Score were completed by nurses at the start of each shift, i.e. three times per day. Independent nurse researchers collected data on planned or unplanned extubation and placed the data in the SERAT classification scheme.Results:  Five self‐extubations and three accidental extubations occurred during the 3‐month study period, yielding an incidence of 4·47% that corresponded to 0·56 unplanned extubations per 100 ventilation days. Using the highest accuracy model, we determined that the SERAT had a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 90%, negative predictive value of 100%, positive predictive value of 1·2% and accuracy of 90%.Conclusions:  Although the SERAT can correctly identify patients at risk for deliberate self‐extubation, its use also produces a high number of false‐positive identifications. Further research is necessary to evaluate how the false‐positive rate can be reduced, and subsequently, the predictive validity of the SERAT can be improved.Relevance to clinical practice:  Because of the high number of false positives, the use of the SERAT in clinical practice to date is not advocated. The positive predictive value has to be improved to avoid the implementation of intensive interventions in patients who are not at risk.
Commentary: Bouza C et al. (2007). Unplanned extubation in orally intubated medical patients in the ICU: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Egerod Ingrid 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground:  Unplanned endotracheal extubation (UE) is recognized as the most common airway adverse event in the intensive care unit (ICU).Objectives:  We examined the incidence, circumstances, and outcome of UE in orally intubated medical patients in the ICU.Methods:  We performed a 12‐month prospective cohort study in a tertiary‐care medical ICU.Results:  A total of 344 consecutive adults who were orally intubated and mechanically ventilated for 3710 days were included. The overall incidence density of UE was 0·92 of 100 days of ventilation. Eight episodes (24%) occurred in patients receiving mechanical ventilation (MV) and not in the weaning process versus 26 episodes (76%) in patients scheduled for weaning. UE was reported as intentional in 71% of cases and as accidental in 29% of cases. In 59% of UE cases, patients were without caregivers at the bedside when the episode took place, and 46% of cases occurred during the night shift. Reintubation was required in 41% of patients and was strongly associated with the accidental nature of the episode [odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 4.3 (1.9–9.6)]. Compared with patients without UE, patients with UE had a lower mortality rate [odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 0·21 (0·6–0·8)] but longer days on MV (11.5 versus 5, P _ 0·09) and ICU stay (13.5 versus 6, P _ 0·08).Conclusions:  This study does not confirm the highest rates of UE previously reported in orally intubated medical patients in the ICU or the association with mortality in this scenario. However, UE increased the need for MV and ICU care. We found a moderate to high prevalence of potentially modifiable risk factors for UE, suggesting unsatisfactory ICU practices. Abstract reprinted from Heart & Lung, volume 36, Bouza C et al., ‘Unplanned extubation in orally intubated medical patients in the ICU: a prospective cohort study.’, pages 270–276. ©2007, reproduced with permission from Elsevier Limited.
Nucleation and growth of myrmekite during ductile shear deformation in metagranites
Authors: MENEGON L. , PENNACCHIONI G. , STÜNITZ H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMyrmekite is extensively developed along strain gradients of continuous, lower amphibolite facies shear zones in metagranites of the Gran Paradiso unit (Western Alps). To evaluate the role of stress, strain energy and fluid phase in the formation of myrmekite, we studied a sample suite consisting of weakly deformed porphyric granites (WDGs), foliated granites (FGs) representative of intermediate strains, and mylonitic granites (MGs). In the protolith, most K‐feldspar is microcline with different sets of perthite lamellae and fractures. In the WDGs, abundant quartz‐oligoclase myrmekite developed inside K‐feldspar only along preexisting perthite lamellae and fractures oriented at a high angle to the incremental shortening direction. In the WDGs, stress played a direct role in the nucleation of myrmekites along interfaces already characterized by high stored elastic strain because of lattice mismatch between K‐feldspar and albite. In the FGs and MGs, K‐feldspar was progressively dismembered along the growing network of microshear zones exploiting the fine‐grained recrystallized myrmekite and perthite aggregates. This was accompanied by a more pervasive fluid influx into the reaction surfaces, and myrmekite occurs more or less pervasively along all the differently oriented internal perthites and fractures independently of the kinematic framework of the shear zone. In the MGs, myrmekite forms complete rims along the outer boundary of the small K‐feldspar porphyroclasts, which are almost completely free of internal reaction interfaces. Therefore, we infer that the role of fluid in the nucleation of myrmekite became increasingly important as deformation progressed and outweighed that of stress. Mass balance calculations indicate that, in Al–Si‐conservative conditions, myrmekite growth was associated with a volume loss of 8.5%. This resulted in microporosity within myrmekite that enhanced the diffusion of chemical components to the reaction sites and hence the further development of myrmekite.
SHRIMP U‐Pb zircon dating from Sulu‐Dabie dolomitic marble, eastern China: constraints on prograde, ultrahigh‐pressure and retrograde metamorphic ages
Authors: LIU F. L. , GERDES A. , LIOU J.G. , XUE H. M. , LIANG F. H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLaser Raman spectroscopy and cathodoluminescence (CL) images show that zircon from Sulu‐Dabie dolomitic marbles is characterized by distinctive domains of inherited (detrital), prograde, ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) and retrograde metamorphic growths. The inherited zircon domains are dark‐luminescent in CL images and contain mineral inclusions of Qtz + Cal + Ap. The prograde metamorphic domains are white‐luminescent in CL images and preserve a quartz eclogite facies assemblage of Qtz + Dol + Grt + Omp + Phe + Ap, formed at 542–693 °C and 1.8–2.1 GPa. In contrast, the UHP metamorphic domains are grey‐luminescent in CL images, retain the UHP assemblage of Coe + Grt + Omp + Arg + Mgs + Ap, and record UHP conditions of 739–866 °C and >5.5 GPa. The outermost retrograde rims have dark‐luminescent CL images, and contain low‐Pminerals such as calcite, related to the regional amphibolite facies retrogression. Laser ablation ICP‐MS trace‐element data show striking difference between the inherited cores of mostly magmatic origin and zircon domains grown in response to prograde, UHP and retrograde metamorphism. SHRIMP U‐Pb dating on these zoned zircon identified four discrete206Pb/238U age groups: 1823–503 Ma is recorded in the inherited (detrital) zircon derived from various Proterozoic protoliths, the prograde domains record the quartz eclogite facies metamorphism at 254–239 Ma, the UHP growth domains occurred at 238–230 Ma, and the late amphibolite facies retrogressive overprint in the outermost rims was restricted to 218–206 Ma. Thus, Proterozoic continental materials of the Yangtze craton were subducted to 55–60 km depth during the Early Triassic and recrystallized at quartz eclogite facies conditions. Then these metamorphic rocks were further subducted to depths of 165–175 km in the Middle Triassic and experienced UHP metamorphism, and finally these UHP metamorphic rocks were exhumed to mid‐crustal levels (about 30 km) in the Late Triassic and overprinted by regional amphibolite facies metamorphism. The subduction and exhumation rates deduced from the SHRIMP data and metamorphicP–Tconditions are 9–10 km Myr−1and 6.4 km Myr−1, respectively, and these rapid subduction–exhumation rates may explain the obtainedP–T–tpath. Such a fast exhumation suggests that Sulu‐Dabie UHP rocks that returned towards crustal depths were driven by buoyant forces, caused as a consequence of slab breakoff at mantle depth.
Mineral isograds and metamorphic zones of the Anglesey blueschist belt, UK: implications for the metamorphic development of a Neoproterozoic subduction–accretion complex
Authors: KAWAI T. , WINDLEY B. F. , TERABAYASHI M. , YAMAMOTO H. , MARUYAMA S. , ISOZAKI Y. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe 560–550 Ma blueschists and associated rocks in Anglesey, UK were derived from a subduction–accretion complex. The blueschist unit is divided into three mineral zones by two newly mapped metamorphic isograds; zone I sub‐greenschist facies, (crossite isograd), zone II blueschist facies, (barroisite isograd), zone III epidote‐amphibolite facies. The zones and isograds dip gently to the east, and decrease in metamorphic grade from the central high‐pressure zone III to lower grade zones II and I to the west and east. The P–T conditions estimated from zoned amphibole indicate an anticlockwise P–T path following adjustment to a cold geotherm. This path is well preserved in the compositional zoning of Na–Ca amphibole that have a core of barroisite surrounded by a rim of crossite, although this is only locally developed. The sense of subduction was to the east and exhumation to the west, as indicated by the metamorphic isograds. The symmetrical arrangement of the metamorphic zones with the deepest high‐pressure rocks in the middle suggests an isoclinal antiformal structure that formed by wedge extrusion during exhumation in the subduction zone.
Partial high‐pressure aragonitization of micritic limestones in an accretionary complex, Tavşanlı Zone, NW Turkey
Authors: TOPUZ G. , OKAY A. I. , ALTHERR R. , MEYER H.‐P. , NASDALA L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPelagic micritic limestones within an upper Cretaceous accretionary complex in the Tavşanlı Zone, NW Turkey, preserve textures indicating incomplete prograde transformation of micritic calcite to aragonite, representing the only known example of this type. Aragonitization starts at the central parts of the micritic limestone beds and advances towards the lower and upper parts of the layers at the expense of micrite. Micrite is very fine grained (<0.003 mm) and contains radiolaria, foraminifera and thin shell fragments. Aragonite forms large crystals, up to 3 cm across, with straight grain boundaries and c‐axis mostly subparallel to the carbonate beds. Relict micritic portions are devoid of any aragonite grain. Stylolites characterized by the accumulation of clay minerals, Fe‐Mn‐hydroxides and quartz are concentrated in the upper and lower parts of the beds. Stylolite formation precedes aragonitization. Conditions of aragonitization are estimated as 200 ± 50 °C and 0.45–0.65 GPa, based on metamorphic mineral assemblages observed in associated basalts. Several features such as (i) constant composition of micritic calcite (98–99 mol.% CaCO3) throughout individual beds, (ii) enormous grain size difference between micritic calcite and aragonite (up to 1200 times), and (iii) absence of any aragonite grains within the relict micritic portions suggest that kinetic rather than thermodynamic factors controlled selective aragonite formation in the central portions of carbonate layers.
Ionprobe U‐Pb zircon ages from the high‐pressure/low‐temperature mélange of Syros, Greece: age diversity and the importance of pre‐Eocene subduction
Authors: BRÖCKER M. , KEASLING A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe Cycladic blueschist belt in the central Aegean Sea has experienced high‐pressure (HP) metamorphism during collisional processes between the Apulian microplate and Eurasia. The general geological and tectonometamorphic framework is well documented, but one aspect which is yet not sufficiently explored is the importance of HP mélanges which occur within volcano‐sedimentary successions. Unresolved issues concern the range in magmatic and metamorphic ages recorded by mélange blocks and the significance of eventual pre‐Eocene HP metamorphism. These aspects are here addressed in a U‐Pb zircon study focusing on the block–matrix association exposed on the island of Syros. Two gneisses from a tectonic slab of this mélange, consisting of an interlayered felsic gneiss‐glaucophanite sequence, yielded zircon 206Pb/238U ages of 240.1 ± 4.1 and 245.3 ± 4.9 Ma, respectively, similar to Triassic ages determined on zircon in meta‐volcanic rocks from structurally coherent sequences elsewhere in the Cyclades. This strongly suggests that parts of these successions have been incorporated in the mélanges and provides the first geochronological evidence that the provenance of mélange blocks/slabs is neither restricted to a single source nor confined to fragments of oceanic lithosphere. Zircon from a jadeitite and associated alteration zones (omphacitite, glaucophanite and chlorite‐actinolite rock) all yielded identical 206Pb/238U ages of c. 80 Ma. Similar Cretaceous U‐Pb zircon ages previously reported for mélange blocks have been interpreted by different authors to reflect magmatic or metamorphic ages. The present study adds a further argument in favour of the view that zircon formed newly in some rock types at c. 80 Ma, due to hydrothermal or metasomatic processes in a subduction zone environment, and supports the interpretation that the Cycladic blueschist belt records both Cretaceous and Eocene HP episodes and not only a single Tertiary HP event.
Quantification of electron microprobe compositional maps of rock thin sections: an optimized method and examples
Authors: DE ANDRADE V. , VIDAL O. , LEWIN E. , O'BRIEN P. , AGARD P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractQuantification of discrete pressure–temperature domains in deformed chlorite + white mica‐bearing metapelites was undertaken on mineral compositions derived by two‐dimensional microprobe compositional mapping of selected areas of rock thin sections. In order to achieve compositional information at sufficient analytical precision, spatial resolution and sample coverage within a typical analysis time of 1 day, an optimization of measurement methods was necessary. The method presented here allows collection of raw counts for eight different element concentrations at an analytical precision of ∼1–2 wt%. X‐ray intensity multiplane maps (one map per measured chemical element) are translated into concentration multiplane maps, utilizing selected conventionally measured spot analyses combined with the Castaing approximation for each mineral. As this step requires identification of the different minerals present in the mapped area, a statistical clustering technique to identify different groups of composition was developed, guided by simple petrographic inspection of the thin section, to delineate the important minerals in the mapped area. Finally, the compositions of each pixel are translated into a mineral structural formula thus yielding a new kind of image with a high content of petrological information. The reliability of the mineral composition images was emphasized by carrying out precision tests on the analytical data. The possible use of chemical maps to infer the P–T–deformation history of metamorphic rocks is illustrated with two samples from the Spitzbergen and the Sambagawa blueschist facies belts. In both samples, a strong correlation between structures and chemistry is observed. Qualitative estimates of P–T conditions from the Si‐content of mica and chlorite are in good agreement with their location in microstructures that formed at different times. Therefore, the combination of chemical maps with microstructural observations is a very powerful approach to understand both the evolution of complex metamorphic rocks and the control by deformation of mineral reactivity.