bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Processing and Evaluation of Bio-Based Paramylon Ester/Poly(butylene succinate) Blends for Industrial Applications
Authors: Ilangovan Manikandan , Kabe Taizo , Iwata Tadahisa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPoly(butylene succinate) (PBS) was melt-blended with paramylon based mixed ester, paramylon propionate hexanoate (PaPrHe) and characterized for its morphology, thermal and mechanical properties. The PBS/PaPrHe blends were found to be immiscible throughout the loading range of PaPrHe (10–90 wt%), with individual glass transition peaks. Due to the immiscibility, there was phase separation observed in the bulk, evident by sea-island morphology. However, further observation of the micro-structure revealed that, in low PaPrHe loading (10–30 wt%), there was a micron to sub-micron order distribution of PBS particles and partially miscible PBS/PaPrHe phase. On increasing the PaPrHe to 50 wt% and beyond, the sub-micron scale domains fused to form a co-continuous morphology. As a result, the impact strength of PBS increased from 6.6 to 16.4 kJ/m2 in the 50/50 blend. Under tensile loading, the strength at break and elongation decreased after the introduction of less-flexible PaPrHe particles in the blend. This could be countered by uniaxially stretching the blended films with 10–30 wt% PaPrHe, after which the tensile strength increased by up to 380% (from 33–52 MPa to 165–200 MPa) compared to the unstretched films, attributable to the increased degree of orientation of the molecular chains. In terms of thermal processability, all the blend ratios had high thermal degradation temperature (>350 °C), higher than the melt-flow temperature (124–133 °C) providing a wide processing window. Overall, PBS/PaPrHe blend is a novel bio-based blend with properties suitable for packaging, mulching, and related applications.
A family of process-based models to simulate landscape use by multiple taxa
Authors: Gardner Emma , Robinson Robert A. , Julian Angela , Boughey Katherine , Langham Steve , Tse-Leon Jenny , Petrovskii Sergei , Baker David J. , Bellamy Chloe , Buxton Andrew , Franks Samantha , Monk Chris , Morris Nicola , Park Kirsty J. , Petrovan Silviu , Pitt Katie , Taylor Rachel , Turner Rebecca K. , Allain Steven J. R. , Bradley Val , Broughton Richard K. , Cartwright Mandy , Clarke Kevin , Cranfield Jon , Fuentes-Montemayor Elisa , Gandola Robert , Gent Tony , Hinsley Shelley A. , Madsen Thomas , Reading Chris , Redhead John W. , Reveley Sonia , Wilkinson John , Williams Carol , Woodward Ian , Baker John , Briggs Philip , Dyason Sheila , Langton Steve , Mawby Ashlea , Pywell Richard F. , Bullock James M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Context
Land-use change is a key driver of biodiversity loss. Models that accurately predict how biodiversity might be affected by land-use changes are urgently needed, to help avoid further negative impacts and inform landscape-scale restoration projects. To be effective, such models must balance model realism with computational tractability and must represent the different habitat and connectivity requirements of multiple species.

Objectives
We explored the extent to which process-based modelling might fulfil this role, examining feasibility for different taxa and potential for informing real-world decision-making.

Methods
We developed a family of process-based models (*4pop) that simulate landscape use by birds, bats, reptiles and amphibians, derived from the well-established poll4pop model (designed to simulate bee populations). Given landcover data, the models predict spatially-explicit relative abundance by simulating optimal home-range foraging, reproduction, dispersal of offspring and mortality. The models were co-developed by researchers, conservation NGOs and volunteer surveyors, parameterised using literature data and expert opinion, and validated against observational datasets collected across Great Britain.

Results
The models were able to simulate habitat specialists, generalists, and species requiring access to multiple habitats for different types of resources (e.g. breeding vs foraging). We identified model refinements required for some taxa and considerations for modelling further species/groups.

Conclusions
We suggest process-based models that integrate multiple forms of knowledge can assist biodiversity-inclusive decision-making by predicting habitat use throughout the year, expanding the range of species that can be modelled, and enabling decision-makers to better account for landscape context and habitat configuration effects on population persistence.
Hybrid origami-linkage vaulted deployable structures: parametric development and form-finding
Authors: Vlachaki Evangelia , Liapi Katherine A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe demand for adaptable structures is steadily increasing in contemporary architectural practice. Deployable structures, characterized by their flexibility and versatility, offer innovative solutions across demanding engineering and architectural contexts. Among the various types of deployable structures, two main categories emerge: lattice deployable structures and continuous surface deployable structures. This paper explores the creation of hybrid deployable vaulted structures by incorporating kinetic elements from both deployable structure categories. A combination of rigid thick origami surfaces and retractable structural frames composed of four-bar and scissor-hinged linkages is examined, while both direct and inverse design methodologies are explored. To facilitate the parameterization and kinematic study of the proposed structures, an algorithm is developed within the Rhino Grasshopper visual programming environment, which is then utilized for form-finding and design optimization of the generated deployable vaults. The present study aims to contribute to the evolution of lightweight, kinetic elements for versatile architectural applications. The proposed hybrid deployable structures are designed to adjust to evolving spatial and functional requirements while maintaining structural integrity.
Signaling cues and focused prompts for professional vision support: The interplay of instructional design and situational interest in preservice teachers’ video analysis
Authors: Farrell Meg , Martin Monika , Böheim Ricardo , Renkl Alexander , Rieß Werner , Könings Karen D. , van Merriënboer Jeroen J. G. , Seidel Tina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn teacher education, video representations of practice offer a motivating means for applying conceptual teaching knowledge toward real-world settings. With video analysis, preservice teachers can begin cultivating professional vision skills through noticing and reasoning about presented core teaching practices. However, with novices’ limited prior knowledge and experience, processing transient information from video can be challenging. Multimedia learning research suggests instructional design techniques for support, such as signaling keyword cues during video viewing, or presenting focused self-explanation prompts which target theoretical knowledge application during video analysis. This study investigates the professional vision skills of noticing and reasoning (operationalized as descriptions and interpretations of relevant noticed events) from 130 preservice teachers participating in a video-analysis training on the core practice of small-group instruction. By means of experimental comparisons, we examine the effects of signaling cues and focused self-explanation prompts on professional vision performance. Further, we explore the impact of these techniques, considering preservice teachers’ situational interest. Overall, results demonstrated that preservice teachers’ professional vision skills improved from pretest to posttest, but the instructional design techniques did not generally offer additional support. However, moderation analysis indicated that training with cues fostered professional vision skills for preservice teachers with low situational interest. This suggests that for uninterested novices, signaling cues may compensate for the generative processing boost typically associated with situational interest. Research and practice implications involve the consideration of situational interest as a powerful component of instructional design, and that keyword cueing can offer an alternative when interest is difficult to elicit.
Effect of gamma irradiation on the nutritional composition, phenolic compounds and fatty acids profiles in raw cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) beans
Authors: Apaydın Demet 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe γ-irradiation effects on nutritional composition, phenolic compounds and fatty acids profile of cocoa beans were investigated. Raw cocoa bean samples were irradiated using 60Co source at doses of 1.0, 3.0, 5.0, and 7.0 kGy. The examined nutrient contents were moisture, protein, ash and fat contents. A total of 10 phenolic compounds from the screening of 32 standards were identified and quantified by LC-MS/MS, with theobromine (2418.52–3506.95 µg/g) and epicatechin (444.24–1090.98 µg/g) being the most abundant. Overall, the irradiation treatment did not significantly influence the protein and moisture content of cocoa beans. On the other hand, 3 kGy irradiation dose led to a significant decrease in fat content of cocoa bean samples. Furthermore, fatty acid composition changed with increasing the irradiation dose. Gamma irradiation caused a significant increase in saturated fatty acids/unsaturated fatty acids ratio. On the whole, the analysis of phenolic compounds of cocoa beans showed that irradiation influence the phenolic compounds significantly, with a few exceptions. The quantities of epicatechin and luteolin 7 glucoside were higher in raw cocoa beans than in irradiated cocoa beans.
The Compounding Effect: How Co-Offending Exacerbates the Harm Caused by Violent Offenders
Authors: Piper Emily , Ariel Barak , Harinam Vincent , Bland Matthew 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo what extent do violent offenders cause harm to victims when they act independently versus when they collaborate with others? Currently, it remains unclear whether co-offending exacerbates the degree of violence, partly due to measurement considerations, i.e. how to account for varying degrees of crime severity. Using police records from Dorset, UK, we compare violent crimes committed by lone individuals to those committed by co-offending networks using a crime harm index. While lone offenders commit the majority of violent acts, those with multiple connections to other violent offenders yielded higher average and total harm scores. Moreover, the severity of offences is proportional to the scale of the criminal network, with larger violent networks linked to higher crime harm scores. Finally, the propensity for recidivism is greater among co-offender groups compared to lone offenders. The implications of the compounding effect of co-offending on violence are discussed.
A detailed review of the spinal accessory nerve and its anatomical variations with cadaveric illustration
Authors: Roberts Siôn Owain , Cardozo Arun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe spinal accessory nerve, considered part of the eleventh cranial nerve, provides motor innervation to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius. A comprehensive literature review and two cadaveric dissections were undertaken. The spinal accessory nerve originates from the spinal accessory nucleus. Its rootlets unite and ascend between the denticulate ligament and dorsal spinal rootlets. Thereafter, it can anastomose with spinal roots, such as the McKenzie branch, and/or cranial roots. The spinal accessory nerve courses intracranially via foramen magnum and exits via jugular foramen, within which it usually lies anteriorly. Extracranially, it usually crosses anterior to the internal jugular vein and lies lateral to internal jugular vein deep to posterior belly of digastric. The spinal accessory nerve innervates sternocleidomastoid, receives numerous contributions in the posterior triangle and terminates within trapezius. Its posterior triangle course approximates a perpendicular bisection of the mastoid-mandibular angle line. The spinal accessory nerve contains sensory nociceptive fibres. Its cranial nerve classification is debated due to occasional non-fusion with the cranial root. Surgeons should familiarize themselves with the variable course of the spinal accessory nerve to minimize risk of injury. Patients with spinal accessory nerve injuries might require specialist pain management.
Validation of a simplified small-scale DNA extraction protocol from wine by quantitative real-time PCR
Authors: Scali Monica , Spinsanti Giacomo , Vignani Rita 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the present study, we compared a simplified small-scale purification protocol to obtain DNA admixtures out of wine, with our large-scale published method. The extraction methods must provide DNA free of PCR inhibitors, that can interfere with DNA amplification. To evaluate the efficiency of grapevine’s nuclear DNA extraction from wine, the new protocol was also compared in terms of purity and yield to the DNA obtained out of grapevine’s (Vitis vinifera) leaf tissue, using a commercial kit. Two single-copy nuclear genes, nine-cis-epoxy carotenoid dioxygenase 2 (NCED2), and prefoldin subunit 5-like (PS5) were amplified in DNA extracted from wine and grapevine by real-time TaqMan PCR to determine the presence of inhibitors in relation to the diversity of starting biological matrix. This study showed that the small-scale, simpler method for extracting DNA from wine produced effective results in terms of inhibitor presence and purity. Furthermore, even though the initial biological matrix was more complicated, the grapevine nuclear DNA that was removed from wine was qualitatively equivalent to the DNA that was isolated from the leaves.
A very-low-calorie ketogenic diet normalises obesity-related enhanced levels of erythropoietin compared with a low-calorie diet or bariatric surgery
Authors: Fernandez-Pombo A. , Lorenzo P. M. , Carreira M. C. , Gomez-Arbelaez D. , Castro A. I. , Primo D. , Rodriguez J. , Sajoux I. , Baltar J. , de Luis D. , Bellido D. , Crujeiras A. B. , Casanueva F. F. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Nutritional ketosis synergistically with body-weight loss induced by a very-low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) has proven to be effective in improving obesity-related pathophysiology. Recently, growing attention has been focused on the relation between erythropoietin (EPO) and obesity. Thus, this study aims to investigate whether nutritional ketosis and weight loss induced by a VLCKD modify the circulating levels of EPO in patients with obesity in comparison with the effect of low-calorie diet (LCD) or bariatric surgery (BS).

Methods
EPO levels, iron status and body composition parameters were evaluated in 72 patients with overweight or obesity and 27 normal-weight subjects at baseline and after the three different weight-reduction therapies (VLCKD, LCD and BS) in 69 patients with excess body weight. β-hydroxybutyrate levels were also measured in the VLCKD group. The follow-up was established at 2–3 months and 4–6 months.

Results
It was found that EPO levels were higher in morbid obesity and correlated with higher basal weight, fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) in the overall sample. High baseline EPO levels were also correlated with higher impact on the course of weight loss and changes in FM and FFM induced by the three weight-loss interventions. Furthermore, the VLCKD induced a decrease in EPO levels coinciding with maximum ketosis, which was maintained over time, while statistically significant changes were not observed after LCD and BS.

Conclusion
The obesity-related increased EPO levels are restored after VLCKD intervention at the time of maximum ketosis, suggesting a potential role of the nutritional ketosis induced by the VLCKD. Baseline EPO levels could be a biomarker of response to a weight-loss therapy.

Graphical abstract
Innovation in Healthcare Education: Using “Shark Tank” Approaches to Educate Teams of Interprofessional Students in Health Equity
Authors: Adepoju Omolola E. , Tipton Mary E. , Gilbert Lauren R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInspired by the television show Shark Tank, we developed a summer research program that brought together students from the Colleges of Medicine, Pharmacy, Business, and Communications, to collaborate, find creative solutions, and spark innovations in population health. Under the guidance of faculty, student teams conducted literature reviews and data-thon exercises to examine trends to identify health equity gaps. Students then worked collaboratively to develop and pitch innovative solutions in front of a panel of expert “sharks” for feedback and to gain financial support to advance their ideas.
Additive Manufacturing of Sensors: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Hossain Md Jarir , Tabatabaei Bahareh Tavousi , Kiki Mazen , Choi Jae-Won 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe development and manufacturing of sensors are of great importance to modern engineering, as sensors are essential for detecting environmental changes and for the monitoring of various systems. While conventional manufacturing is the most common method for fabricating sensors, additive manufacturing (commonly known as 3D printing) has gained popularity as an efficient alternative. Although additively manufactured sensors are applicable in many engineering fields, building an entire sensor (including the housing structure and sensing components) by additive manufacturing remains challenging. This work presents a comprehensive analysis of the additive manufacturing processes, materials, and applications for sensors that are either fully or partially produced by additive manufacturing. Key issues in material development and processes that limit the development of fully 3D-printed sensors are highlighted. Additionally, the role of additively manufactured sensors plays in green technology has been explored. This review is expected to provide the researchers with a comprehensive understanding of the processes and materials used to produce sensors for various applications.
Textured Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells Achieving Over 30% Efficiency Promoted by 4-Fluorobenzylamine Hydroiodide
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Shi Biao , Xu Qiaojing , Li Yucheng , Li Yuxiang , Liu Pengfei , SunLi Zetong , Wang Xuejiao , Sun Cong , Han Wei , Li Diannan , Wang Sanlong , Zhang Dekun , Li Guangwu , Du Xiaona , Zhao Ying , Zhang Xiaodan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMonolithic textured perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells (TSCs) are expected to achieve maximum light capture at the lowest cost, potentially exhibiting the best power conversion efficiency. However, it is challenging to fabricate high-quality perovskite films and preferred crystal orientation on commercially textured silicon substrates with micrometer-size pyramids. Here, we introduced a bulky organic molecule (4-fluorobenzylamine hydroiodide (F-PMAI)) as a perovskite additive. It is found that F-PMAI can retard the crystallization process of perovskite film through hydrogen bond interaction between F− and FA+ and reduce (111) facet surface energy due to enhanced adsorption energy of F-PMAI on the (111) facet. Besides, the bulky molecular is extruded to the bottom and top of perovskite film after crystal growth, which can passivate interface defects through strong interaction between F-PMA+ and undercoordinated Pb2+/I−. As a result, the additive facilitates the formation of large perovskite grains and (111) preferred orientation with a reduced trap-state density, thereby promoting charge carrier transportation, and enhancing device performance and stability. The perovskite/silicon TSCs achieved a champion efficiency of 30.05% based on a silicon thin film tunneling junction. In addition, the devices exhibit excellent long-term thermal and light stability without encapsulation. This work provides an effective strategy for achieving efficient and stable TSCs.
Rheological properties of high-performance SCC using recycled marble powder
Authors: Shawki Maha Ahmed , Elnemr Amr , Koenke Carsten , Thomas Carlos 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDue to the impacts of cement manufacturing and depletion of the natural aggregates for concrete production, recycling of construction and demolition waste materials has become an alternative replacement to natural materials that lower their consumption and satisfy the environment. One of these alternatives is replacing cement with recycled materials from marble, ceramic, granite, and concrete wastes or even replacing the coarse aggregate with crushed marble and other stone wastes. Marble, granite, and natural stone wastes rapidly increase each year due to unmanaged waste disposal processes and the incremental increase in construction potential. Marble slurry, which comes from washing and cleaning marble surfaces, shows a filler effect by giving the concrete a denser and homogenous structure. This study evaluates the marble filler effects on the rheology in the fresh state of self-compacting concrete (SCC) through four SCC mixes by incorporating 10% marble powder (MP) and 33% fly ash (FA) as a partial ordinary Portland cement (OPC) replacement. Tests on paste and mortar were conducted to assess the suitability of the marble dosage on the water content and the superplasticizer amount. Spread flow and V-funnel tests were assessed. The results showed that mixes with MP required additional mixing water to ensure the same workability. Regardless of the high viscosity and air content, the overall developed marble SCC mixes reduced the cement quantity by up to 11% and provided excellent rheological properties like that of the reference mix. Besides the economic benefits, this transformation of waste to valuable materials involves environmental advantages and sustainability promotion.
Utilization of steel slag as partial replacement for coarse aggregate in concrete
Authors: Mitwally Mohamed Elwi , Elnemr Amr , Shash Ahmed , Babiker Ahmed 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe utilization of steel slag for industrial and construction purposes has gained significant attention in recent years due to its abundant availability and potential environmental benefits. This study explores the feasibility of utilizing steel slag as a coarse aggregate in concrete, aiming to determine the optimal replacement percentages for desired mechanical and structural properties. Experimental investigations were conducted, substituting steel slag for conventional coarse aggregate in varying proportions. The concrete mixtures were tested for compressive strength, flexural strength, workability, and other parameters. The results demonstrate the promising potential of incorporating steel slag as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate. The mixture with 30% steel slag replacement exhibited favorable strength properties and workability. Both compressive and flexural strengths showed significant improvement, highlighting the viability of steel slag as an alternative to conventional coarse aggregate. The findings provide valuable guidance for engineers, researchers, and decision-makers in the construction industry regarding the practical benefits and considerations of using steel slag in concrete mixtures. This utilization promotes resource efficiency, reduces environmental impact, and maintains or enhances the mechanical and workability properties of concrete.