bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KEPRIBADIAN TOKOH UTAMA DALAM CERPEN MALAM-MALAM PUTIH KARYA FYODOR MIKHAILOVICH DOSTOYEVSKY: TINJAUAN PSIKOLOGI SASTRA
Authors: Mulyanto Heru 
Published: April 2024

<p><span class="s11">Karakter para tokoh dalam cerpen memungkinkan menjadi penyebab timbulnya konflik. Penelitian ini untuk </span><span class="s11">mendeskripsikan kepribadian</span><span class="s11"> tokoh utama pada cerpen </span><em><span class="s15">Malam-Malam Putih</span></em><span class="s11"> karya Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kondisi psikis dan kepribadian “aku” berdasarkan teori Carl G. Jung dan tipe kepribadian tokoh "aku" berdasarkan teori Hippocrates. Penelitian ini merupakan studi psikologi sastra dengan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Yang menjadi sumber data adalah kutipan-kutipan dialog antartokoh dari </span><span class="s11">cerpen</span><span class="s11"> </span><span class="s15"><em>Malam-Malam Putih</em> </span><span class="s11">karya Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode simak dan metode catat. Pembahasan berfokus pada kondisi psikologis tokoh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa utama cerita pendek </span><span class="s15">Malam-Malam </span><span class="s15">Putih</span><span class="s11"> </span><span class="s11">memiliki</span><span class="s11"> karakter introvert dan sedang mengalami depresi menurut teori Jung. Adapun menurut teori hippocrates, narator tanpa nama berkepribadian plegmatis</span></p>
An Effective Program to Reduce Malpractice Claims and Payments in a Large Orthopaedic Practice
Authors: Doub Thomas W. , Hickson Gerald B. , Casey Virginia F. , McHugh Damian F. , Nonken Peter , Catron Thomas F. , Domenico Henry J. , Pichert James W. , Cooper William O. 
Published: April 2024

Background:
High reliability in health care requires a balance between intentionally designed systems and individual professional accountability. One element of accountability includes a process for addressing clinicians whose practices are associated with a disproportionate share of patient complaints. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the Patient Advocacy Reporting System (PARS), a tiered intervention model to reduce patient complaints about clinicians.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving a southeastern U.S. orthopaedic group practice. The study assessed the implementation of the PARS program and subsequent malpractice claims from 2004 to 2020.

Results:
The implementation of PARS was associated with an 83% reduction in malpractice claims cost per high-risk clinician after intervention (p = 0.05; Wilcoxon rank sum test). The overall practice group experienced an 87% reduction in mean annual claims cost per clinician (p = 0.007; segmented regression). The successful adoption required essential elements such as PARS champions, peer messengers, an Office of Patient Affairs, and a clear statement of practice values and professionalism expectations at the time of onboarding.

Conclusions:
The PARS program was successfully adopted within a surgical specialty group as a part of ongoing risk prevention and management efforts. The period following PARS was associated with a retrospectively measured reduction in malpractice claim costs. The PARS program can be effectively implemented in a large, single-specialty orthopaedic practice setting and, although not necessarily causal, was, in our case, associated with a period of reduced malpractice claim costs.

Clinical Relevance:
We have learned in previous research that there are clear links between professionalism and patient outcomes (e.g., surgical complications), but agree that the focus here on medical malpractice is not directly clinical.
Peroneal Nerve Decompression in Patients with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses
Authors: Huser Aaron J. , Nugraha Hans K. , Hariharan Arun R. , Ziegler Sarah E. , Feldman David S. 
Published: April 2024

Background:
To our knowledge, there have been no studies examining peroneal nerve decompression and proximal fibular osteochondroma excision exclusively in patients with multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the indications, complications, and recurrence associated with nerve decompression and proximal fibular osteochondroma excision in patients with MHE.

Methods:
The records on patients with MHE undergoing peroneal nerve decompression from 2009 to 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Indications, clinical status, surgical technique, recurrence, and complications were recorded and were analyzed using the Fisher exact test, logistic regression, and the Kaplan-Meier method.

Results:
There were 126 limbs identified in patients with MHE who underwent peroneal nerve decompression. The most common indications were pain over the proximal fibula, tibialis anterior and/or extensor hallucis longus weakness, and dysesthesias and/or neuropathic pain. Seven cases experienced postoperative foot drop as a complication of the decompression and osteochondroma excision. Logistic regression found significant relationships between complications and excision of anterior osteochondromas (odds ratio [OR], 5.21; p = 0.0062), proximal fibular excision (OR, 14.73; p = 0.0051), and previous decompression (OR, 5.77; p = 0.0124). The recurrence rate was 13.8%, and all recurrences occurred in patients who were skeletally immature at the index procedure. The probability of skeletally immature patients not experiencing recurrence was 88% at 3 years postoperatively and 73% at 6 years postoperatively.

Conclusions:
Indications for peroneal nerve decompression included neurologic symptoms and pain. The odds of a complication increased with excision of anterior osteochondromas and previous decompression. Recurrence of symptoms following decompression and osteochondroma excision was found exclusively in skeletally immature patients.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Effects of starting one lung ventilation and applying individualized PEEP right after patients are placed in lateral decubitus position on intraoperative oxygenation for patients undergoing thoracoscopic pulmonary lobectomy: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Qing-Yuan , Zhou Yang , Wang Mengrui , Jiao Youyou 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: For patients receiving one lung ventilation in thoracic surgery, numerous studies have proved the superiority of lung protective ventilation of low tidal volume combined with recruitment maneuvers (RM) and individualized PEEP. However, RM may lead to overinflation which aggravates lung injury and intrapulmonary shunt. In most previous studies, RM or PEEP was not applied until atelectasis has already formed. Because atelectasis usually does not develop the moment patients are turned into lateral decubitus position, we hypothesize that applying sufficient PEEP without RM immediately after patients are turned into that position is as effective to prevent atelectasis and thus improve oxygenation as applying PEEP with RM.
Methods: A total of 84 patients scheduled for elective pulmonary lobe resection necessitating one lung ventilation will be recruited and randomized to the study group and the control group. For patients in the study group , one lung ventilation will be initiated right after the position of double lumen tube in lateral decubitus position is adjusted, and then individualized PEEP titration is applied. For patients in the control group, one lung ventilation will not be initiated until pleura is opened; and after the initiation, RM will be performed followed by individualized PEEP titration. The primary endpoint will be oxygenation index. Secondary endpoints will include intrapulmonary shunt, respiratory mechanics, PPCs, and hemodynamic indicators.
Discussion: Numerous previous studies compared the effects of individualized PEEP applied alone with that applied in combination with RM on oxygenation index, PPCs, intrapulmonary shunt and respiratory mechanics after atelectasis was formed in patients receiving one lung ventilation during thoracoscopic surgery. In this study, we will apply individualized PEEP before the formation of atelectasis while not performing RM in patients allocated to the study group, and then we’re going to observe its effects on the aspects mentioned above. The results of this trial will provide a ventilation strategy that not only improves intraoperative oxygenation but also avoids the detrimental effects of RM for patients receiving one lung ventilation.
Trial registration: www.Chictr.org.cn ChiCTR2400080682. Registered on February 5, 2024.
Biometric analysis of the cranial features of common vole s
Authors: Baláž Ivan , Csákiová Žofia , Tulis Filip 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Although cranial bones reliably identify the features of mammals, these traits can be affected by sex, population size and seasonality. This paper biometrically analyses the cranial features of the common vole. The research sample consisted of adult (n = 134), subadult (n = 57), of western Slovakia. Overall, software based on the highlighted marks measured 29 cranial features. Significant sexual dimorphism was observed for three features in adult subjects (“WMTRR”, “AMdm” and “AMd”) and four features in subadults (“LOSD”, “WMTRR”, “LoM” and “ALLM”). Results showed a significant positive relationship between body weight and cranial size in 24 of the 29 features. They also suggested a weak but significant positive effect of cranium size on common vole abundance (Chitty effect) likewise in 24 of the 29 features. In several cases, this effect influenced also the abundance and age of the individuals.
Assessment of Poly (diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) and Lime for Surface Water Treatment (Pond, River, and Canal water): Seasonal Variations and Correlation Analyses
Authors: Jabin Shagufta , Kapoor J. K. , Chadha Anupama , Gupta Anjali , Jadoun Sapana 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

This study investigates the basic characteristics of various surface water sources, including pond water, river water, and canal water, across four distinct seasons. The research endeavours to assess the impact of a cationic polyelectrolyte, specifically poly diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (PDADMAC), utilized as a coagulation aid in conjunction with lime for water treatment purposes. Employing a conventional jar test apparatus, turbidity removal from diverse water samples is examined. Furthermore, the samples undergo characterization utilizing X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques. The study also conducts correlation analyses on various parameters such as electrical conductivity (EC), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity of raw water, polyelectrolyte dosage, and percentage of turbidity removal across different water sources. Utilizing the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software, these analyses aim to establish robust relationships among initial turbidity, temperature, percentage of turbidity removal, dosage of coagulant aid, electrical conductivity, and total dissolved solids (TDS) in pond water, river water, and canal water. By elucidating these correlations, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of the effectiveness of PDADMAC and lime in water treatment processes across diverse environmental conditions. This research not only enhances our comprehension of surface water treatment methodologies but also provides valuable insights for optimizing water treatment strategies to address the challenges posed by varying water sources and seasonal fluctuations.
Ultrafast Optical Modulation by Virtual Interband Transitions.
Authors: Narimanov Evgenii 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

A new frontier in optics research has been opened by the recent developments in non-perturbative optical modulation in both time and space that creates temporal boundaries generating ``time-reflection'' and ``time-refraction'' of light in the medium. The resulting formation of a Photonic Time Crystal within the modulated
optical material leads to a broad range new phenomena with a potential for practical applications, from non-resonant light amplification and tunable lasing, to the new regime of quantum light-matter interactions. However, the creation of the temporal boundary for light relies on optical modulation of the refractive index that is both strong and fast even on the time scale of a single optical cycle. Both of these two problems are extremely challenging even when addressed independently, leading to fundamentally conflicting requirements for all existing methods of optical modulation. However, as we show in the present work, an alternative approach based on virtual interband transition excitation, solves this seemingly insurmountable problem. Being fundamentally dissipation-free, optical modulation by virtual excitation does not face the problem of heat accumulation and dissipation in the material, while the inherently transient nature of the excited virtual population that modifies the material response only on the time scale of a single optical cycle, ensures that the resulting change in the refractive index is inherently ultrafast. Here we develop the theoretical description of the proposed modulation approach, and demonstrate that it can be readily implemented using already existing optical materials and technology.
Incorporating Hydraulic Gradient and Pumping Rate into GALDIT Framework for Salinity Hazard Assessment in Coastal Aquifers: A Case Study of Urmia Plain, Iran
Authors: Fakhri Mirsajsd , Moghaddam Asghar Asghari , Nadiri Ata Allah , Barzegar Rahim , Cloutier Vincent 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The critical role of groundwater in meeting diverse needs, including drinking, industrial and agricultural, highlights the urgency of effective resource management. Excessive groundwater extraction, especially in coastal regions including Urmia Plain in NW Iran, disrupts the equilibrium between freshwater and saline boundaries within aquifers. Influential parameters governing seawater intrusion – groundwater occurrence (G), aquifer hydraulic conductivity (A), the height of groundwater level above the mean sea level (L), distance from the shore (D), impact of the existing status of seawater intrusion (I), and thickness of the saturated aquifer (T) – merge to shape the GALDIT vulnerability index for coastal aquifers. This study enriches the GALDIT framework by incorporating two additional hydrogeological variables: hydraulic gradient (i) and pumping rate (P). This expansion produces seven distinct vulnerability maps (GALDIT, GAiDIT, GAiDIT-P, GALDIT-i, GALDIT-iP, GALDIT-P, GAPDIT). In the Urmia Plain, the traditional GALDIT index reveals vulnerability values ranging from 2 to 8.1, categorized into six classes from negligible to very high vulnerability. However, the modified indices, GAiDIT and GAiDIT-P, yield a three-class categorization, ranging from low to high vulnerability. The introduction of the 'i' and 'P' parameters in GALDIT-i and GALDIT-iP enhances the precision of vulnerability mapping, altering class distribution and intensifying vulnerability ratings. The eastern, central, and coastal areas of the Urmia Plain demonstrate high to very high vulnerability levels, in contrast to the lower vulnerability observed in the western regions. Both the GALDIT-P (r = 0.82) and GALDIT-iP (r = 0.81) indices show strong correlations with chloride concentration, thereby improving mapping accuracy over the traditional GALDIT index (r = 0.72). A sensitivity analysis highlights the critical influence of the 'i' parameter, suggesting its weighting should be revised. Parameter recalibration serves to amplify the significance of 'G', 'L', 'D', and 'i' parameters, while diminishing others. The integration of multiple hydrogeological variables considerably enhances the precision of groundwater vulnerability assessments.
Origin and implications of He-depleted Afar mantle plume
Authors: Balci Ugur , Stuart Finlay , Barrat Jean-Alix , Grima Antoniette , Zwan Froukje van der 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Mantle plumes originate in the deep Earth and where they reach the surface tend to produce abnormally hot basaltic lavas. Plume-derived lavas are characterised by enrichments in primordial volatiles that are best tracked by the isotopic composition of the noble gases He, Ne and Xe. In the prevailing paradigm the deep mantle is significantly less degassed thus plume-derived lavas should have higher concentration of primordial He compared to lavas from the more vigorously convecting shallow mantle. Demonstrating this has proved challenging and has led to alternative explanations that question the established Earth model. Here, we show that the 3He/4He ratio of submarine basaltic glasses from the Red Sea and Gulf of Tadjoura displays a coherent relationship with diagnostic trace element ratios and distance from the Afar plume axis. Contrary to the prevailing model the data require that the upwelling Afar mantle plume has 4-10 times less He than the nearby upper mantle despite maintaining high 3He/4He. This contradiction can be resolved in the Afar plume is itself a mix of He-rich, high-3He/4He deep mantle with He-depleted, low-3He/4He oceanic crust that has been subducted in the last 80 Myr. This model places strong constraints on the origin of the slab in the Afar mantle and where it is incorporated into the upwelling mantle. Further, it implies that He-depleted domains may be common in the upper mantle, it may explain why plume-derived lavas have lower He concentrations than mid-ocean ridge basalts and suggests that upwelling plumes with moderately high 3He/4He are unlikely to contain a geochemical signature of the deep mantle.
Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Dust Concentration Based on Satellite in Mining Area
Authors: dong xukai , Liu zhigao , Zhang Erhui 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

In order to study the spatial and temporal migration characteristics of dust diffusion and the impact of mining dust on urban environment in Pingshuo mining area, the distribution law of PM2.5 and PM10 concentration in Pingshuo mining area was analyzed by satellite remote sensing monitoring technology. The results show that the correlation coefficients between the monthly average concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 in Shuozhou City obtained by satellite inversion and the monitoring data of national control stations are 0.88 and 0.63, respectively, indicating a high reliability of satellite inversion data. The spatial distribution of dust concentration in Pingshuo mining area shows a low level in summer and autumn, and a high level in winter and spring, with significant dust accumulation phenomenon in winter. The air quality situation in Pingshuo mining area is best from June to September, with an increase in particle concentration in April and May, obvious pollution phenomena in January and March, and poor air quality conditions. The correlation analysis of dust concentration between urban areas and mining areas reveals a significant spatial discontinuity at the boundary between urban areas and mining areas, showing lower levels at the boundary while higher levels are observed within both urban areas as well as mining areas. This indicates that the mining area is not fundamentally responsible for the increase in dust concentration in urban areas, as changes in dust concentration within the mining area have no significant impact on urban areas.
Does Haldane’s rule speciation within mimetic Poison frogs?
Authors: LORIOUX-CHEVALIER Ugo , CHOUTEAU Mathieu , ROLAND Alexandre-Benoit 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

To explain how populations with distinct warning signals coexist in close parapatry, we experimentally assessed intrinsic mechanisms acting as reproductive barriers within three Ranitomeya poison-frog species. For all species, assortative mating did not occur, nor did a survival disadvantage for inter-population hybrids. However, in Ranitomeya fantastica, these hybrids of the male sex are sterile, an outcome predicted by Haldane’s rule. Our results suggest a possible XY sex determinism in R. fantastica, and show that this process is associated with an extraordinary diversity, leading to speciation.
Establishment of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Cortical Neurosphere Model to Study Pathomechanisms and Drug Sensitivity in Kleefstra Syndrome
Authors: Balogh Andrea , Bódi-Jakus Mária , Karl Vivien Réka , Bellák Tamás , Széky Balázs , Lamberto Federica , Novak David , Fehér Anita , Zana Melinda , Dinnyés András 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

In the present study, we aimed to establish and characterize a mature cortical spheroid model system for Kleefstra syndrome (KS) using patient-derived iPSC. We identified key differences in the growth behavior of KS spheroids determined by reduced proliferation marked by low Ki67 and high CDKN1A expression. Conversely, in the spheroid-based neurite outgrowth assay KS outperformed the control neurite outgrowth due to higher BDNF expression. KS spheroids were highly enriched in VGLUT1/2-expressing glutamatergic and ChAT-expressing cholinergic neurons, while TH-positive dopaminergic neurons were significantly underrepresented. Furthermore, high NMDAR1 expression was detected in the KS spheroid as well, similarly to other patients-derived neuronal cultures, denoting high NMDAR1 expression as a general, KS-specific marker. Control and KS neuronal progenitors and neurospheres were exposed to different toxicants (paraquat, rotenone, bardoxolone, and doxorubicin), and dose-response curves were assessed after acute exposure. Differentiation stage and compound-specific differences were detected with KS neurospheres being the most sensitive to paraquat. Altogether this study describes a robust 3D model system expressing the disease-specific markers and recapitulating the characteristic pathophysiological traits. This platform is suitable for testing developing brain-adverse environmental effects interactions, drug development, and screening towards individual therapeutic strategies.
The long-term efficacy of eltrombopag in children with immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Yang Li , Sang Bao-Hua , Yang Chun-Hui , Xiao Zu-Gang , Fang Chun-Lian , Lv Yu , Li Na , Yang Qing , Chai Shu-Min , Tian Xin , Zhang Xian-Wen , Huang Ti-Long 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is the most common autoimmune disorder characterized by decreased platelet counts and impaired platelet production. Eltrombopag has been demonstrated to be safe and effective for children with ITP. It is reported eltrombopag can achieve a sustained response off treatment. However, data on its overall efficacy and safety profile are scarce in children. This study aimed to investigate the long-term efficacy of eltrombopag in children with ITP. Treatment overall response (OR), complete response (CR), response (R), durable response (DR), no response (NR), treatment free remission (TFR), and relapse rate, were assessed in 103 children with ITP during eltrombopag therapy. The OR rate, CR rate, R rate, DR rate, NR rate, TFR, and relapse rate were 67.0%, 55.3%, 11.7%, 56.3%, 33.0%, 60%, 36.2%, respectively. Importantly, we discovered that newly diagnosed ITP patients showed a higher DR rate, TFR rate and lower relapse rate compared to persistent and chronic ITP patients. Furthermore, the CR rate, DR rate, and TFR rate of 5 patients under six months were 100%. None of them suffered relapse. The most common adverse event (AEs) was hepatotoxicity (7.77%). Our study highlighted the critical role of eltrombopag as the second-line treatment in children with ITP who were intolerant to first-line therapy.