bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Mechanisms of Yuanhu Zhitong Oral Liquid for Primary Dysmenorrhea through Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Zhang Cheng-Rui , Zhang Dai-Yan , Gao Jin , Cao Zhi-Ming , Hu Yuan-Jia 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a prevalent gynecological disorder. Yuanhu Zhitong oral liquid (YHZT) presents a promising alternative treatment for PD. However, the mechanisms underlying its efficacy remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the potential targets and mechanisms of action of YHZT in treating PD using network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations.

Methods:
Potential compounds from YHZT were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and the Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Database (TCMID). The relevant targets of these compounds were identified using the similarity ensemble approach (SEA) and the Swiss Target Prediction database. PD-related targets were retrieved from the Genecards, DrugBank, and Disgenet databases. ClusterProfiler was utilized for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. The compound-target-pathway (CTP) network was constructed to facilitate the identification of key compounds, core targets, and signaling pathways. Finally, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were performed to evaluate the interactions between the targets and compounds.

Results:
A total of 153 putative compounds and 129 targets of YHZT were identified. Network topology analysis revealed eight core targets and six key compounds. The effects of YHZT were mediated by genes associated with hormone and steroid metabolism, as well as pathways involved in steroid hormone biosynthesis and cytochrome P450 enzymes. Docking results showed free-binding energies ranging from -6.06 to -10.85 kcal/mol, indicating strong binding affinity between the compounds and targets. Molecular dynamics simulation results further confirmed the stability of these interactions.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates that YHZT treats PD by suppressing inflammatory reactions and modulating hormone and cytochrome P450 concentrations. Key compounds such as ferulic acid, (R)-canadine, (S)-canadine, canadine, and asristolone are implicated in this process. These findings offer insights into the mechanisms underlying the action of YHZT and provide a foundation for further research in this area.
A Differential Analysis of Preferred Feminine Facial Contours for Transfeminine Individuals
Authors: Doan Leandra L. , Ives Graham C. , Cordero Justin J. , Lee James C. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Facial feminization surgeries are important gender-affirming procedures for transfeminine individuals. The literature provides guidance on classically feminine facial features but the aesthetic preferences of transgender patients have not been studied. This study aimed to define the preferred feminine facial proportions of transfeminine patients and compare them to a mixed population of US adults.

Methods:
An online survey was designed consisting of virtually modified images with progressive degrees of change in 6 facial features: forehead, nasal dorsum, chin projection, nasolabial angle, mandibular angle, and chin height. It was administered to transfeminine patients in a large-scale health system as well as the general population using an online market research instrument. Respondents ranked each image on a 7-point Likert scale from “very unattractive” to “very attractive” for a feminine face.

Results:
Both groups agreed that a moderately convex forehead without supraorbital ridge prominence, slightly sloped nasal dorsum, ∼105-degree nasolabial angle, and decreased chin height were considered most attractive. In addition, very concave nasal slope and ∼110-degree nasolabial angle were rated significantly higher by transfeminine respondents compared with controls. The most classically masculine versions of each feature were considered significantly more unattractive by transfeminine patients when compared with controls.

Conclusion:
Transfeminine individuals share significant preferences in feminine facial features with control respondents. However, transfeminine patients were more averse to traditionally masculine features on a feminine face and more accepting of the most traditionally feminine versions of nasal contours. Understanding these differences can facilitate surgical planning between surgeons and patients and potentially improve patient satisfaction.
Quality of Life in Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Versus Conventional Open Thyroidectomy: Interim Results From Randomized Trial
Authors: Kataria Kamal , Aggarwal Vaibhav , Dhar Anita , Ranjan Piyush , Rathore Yashwant , Khadgawat Rajesh , Kumar Rakesh , Chirom Amit , Agarwal Shipra , Huzaifa Muhammed 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
We determined whether endoscopic thyroidectomy (ET) is associated with better health-related quality of life (QoL) compared with open thyroidectomy.

Methods:
We randomly assigned 28 patients aged older than 18 years, Bethesda IV or less on cytology and gland volume of <40 mL to undergo hemithyroidectomy through either open or endoscopic (axillo-breast approach/bilateral axillo-breast approach) technique. The primary outcome was QoL scores on the Short Form-36 and Thyroid-Specific Questionnaire at 2, 6, and 12 weeks postsurgery. Secondary outcomes were postoperative complications, hospital stay, and pain scores.

Results:
The generic QoL scores based on Short Form-36 were statistically nonsignificant between the two groups. QoL scores based on Thyroid-Specific Questionnaire were statistically significant (P < 0.05) favoring open thyroidectomy in the following domains: (1) numbness at 2, 6, and 12 weeks (P = 0.04, 0.004, and 0.005, respectively), (2) shoulder impairment at 2 weeks (P = 0.017), and (3) favoring ET in cosmesis at 6 and 12 weeks (P = 0.037 and 0.02, respectively). ET has longer operative time (104.6 ± 25.4 vs 123 ± 8.9 min; P = 0.03), longer hospital stays (2.8 ± 0.4 vs 2.4 ± 0.5; P = 0.056) and higher pain scores at 2 and 6 weeks (P = 0.007 and 0.012, respectively) but decreased intraoperative bleeding (33.5 ± 6.4 vs 29.1 ± 3.7 mL; P = 0.037).

Conclusion:
ET has higher cosmetic satisfaction, increased numbness, and shoulder movement impairment during short-term postsurgery follow-up. Both techniques are similar in impacting general physical, mental, and social health-related QoL. (Clinical Trials Registry of India, Reg. No. CTRI/2020/07/026374).
Efficacy of Pancreatic Dissection With a Triple-row Stapler in Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Izumi Hideki , Yoshii Hisamichi , Fujino Rika , Takeo Shigeya , Nomura Eiji , Mukai Masaya , Makuuchi Hiroyasu 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Postoperative pancreatic fistulas (POPFs) occur after 20% to 30% of laparoscopic distal pancreatectomies. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy using triple-row staplers in preventing POPFs.

Methods:
Between April 2016 and May 2023, 59 patients underwent complete laparoscopic distal pancreatectomies. There were more females (n=34, 57.6%) than males (n=25, 42.4%). The median age of the patients was 68.9 years. The patients were divided into slow-compression (n=19) and no-compression (n=40) groups and examined for pancreatic leakage. Both groups were examined with respect to age, sex, body mass index (BMI), pancreatic thickness at the pancreatic dissection site, pancreatic texture, diagnosis, operative time, blood loss, presence of POPF, date of drain removal, and length of hospital stay. In addition, risk factors for POPF were examined in a multivariate analysis.

Results:
Grade B POPFs were found in 9 patients (15.3%). Using univariate analysis, the operative time, blood loss, postoperative pancreatic fluid leakage, day of drain removal, and hospital stay were shorter in the no-compression group than in the slow-compression group. Using multivariate analysis, the absence of POPFs was significantly more frequent in the no-compression group (odds ratio, 5.69; 95% CI, 1.241-26.109; P=0.025). The no-compression pancreatic dissection method was a simple method for reducing POPF incidence.

Conclusions:
The method of quickly dissecting the pancreas without compression yielded better results than the method of slowly dissecting the pancreas with slow compression. This quick dissection without compression was a simple and safe method that minimized postoperative pancreatic fluid leakage, shortened the operative time and length of hospital stay, and reduced medical costs. Therefore, this method might be a clinically successful option.
Putting the ready in readiness: A post hoc analysis of surgeon performance during a military mass casualty situation in Afghanistan
Authors: Andreatta Pamela B. , Bowyer Mark W. , Renninger Christopher H. , Graybill John Christopher , Gurney Jennifer M. , Elster Eric A. 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
All military surgeons must maintain trauma capabilities for expeditionary care contexts, yet most are not trauma specialists. Maintaining clinical readiness for trauma and mass casualty care is a significant challenge for military and civilian surgeons. We examined the effect of a prescribed clinical readiness program for expeditionary trauma care on the surgical performance of 12 surgeons during a 60-patient mass-casualty situation (MASCAL).

METHODS
The sample included orthopedic (four) and general surgeons (eight) who cared for MASCAL victims at Hamad Karzai International Airport, Kabul, Afghanistan, on August 26, 2021. One orthopedic and two general surgeons had prior deployment experience. The prescribed program included three primary measures of clinical readiness: 1, expeditionary knowledge (examination score); 2, procedural skills competencies (performance assessment score); and 3, clinical activity (operative practice profile metric). Data were attained from program records for each surgeon in the sample. Each of the 60 patient cases was reviewed and rated (performance score) by the Joint Trauma System's Performance Improvement Branch, a military-wide performance improvement organization. All scores were normalized to facilitate direct comparisons using effect size calculations between each predeployment measure and MASCAL surgical care.

RESULTS
Predeployment knowledge and clinical activity measures met program benchmarks. Baseline predeployment procedural skills competency scores did not meet program benchmarks; however, those gaps were closed through retraining, ensuring all surgeons met or exceeded the program benchmarks predeployment. There were very large effect sizes (Cohen's d) between all program measures and surgical care score, confirming the relationship between the program measures and MASCAL trauma care provided by the 12 surgeons.

CONCLUSION
The prescribed program measures ensured that all surgeons achieved predeployment performance benchmarks and provided high-quality trauma care to our nation's service members.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level IV.
The effectiveness of Evodia rutaecarpa hot compress on the recovery of gastrointestinal function after laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer: A propensity score-matched retrospective cohort study
Authors: Huang MiaoXin , Li JunMiao , Huang Wei , Zhou YuLin , Cai Lei , Liu Ming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the use of hot compresses with the herbal medicine Evodia rutaecarpa (ER) as a complementary and alternative therapy to promote recovery of postoperative gastrointestinal function is gradually increasing in clinical practice, there is still a lack of relevant empirical studies. Particularly, the role of ER hot compress therapy on gastrointestinal recovery post-laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer has not been well investigated. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and applicability of ER hot compress therapy for the recovery of postoperative gastrointestinal function.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study. Patients were divided into two cohorts, the ER group and the non-ER group. Propensity score matching(PSM) was introduced to limit confounding, and independent samples t-tests, non-parametric tests, or Chi-squared tests were used to compare these two cohorts.ResultsA total of 454 patients were included, with 267 (59%) receiving ER hot compress therapy and 187 (41%) not. Following 1:1 PSM, 320 patients were analyzed (160 in each group). Compared to the ER group, patients in the non-ER group had shorter times to return to a semi-liquid diet (p=0.035) and hospital stay (p=0.001), as well as lower hospital costs (p<0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed no statistically significant differences in the length of hospital stay, hospital costs, postoperative time to return to full-liquid diet, or time to return to semi-liquid diet among stage I and II tumor patients, though means and standard deviations were generally lower in the ER group. Complication incidence showed no significant difference between the two cohorts before and after PSM.ConclusionsThe use of ER hot packs after laparoscopic surgery in patients with colorectal cancer has a non-significant effect on the recovery of the gastrointestinal function and, given the results of the study, it is likely that patients with early-stage tumors may benefit more. Therefore, healthcare providers need to consider the individualisation, practicality, and economics of treatment options.
Super Enhancer-driven LncRNA UNC5B-AS1 Inhibits Inflammatory Phenotypic Transition in Smooth Muscle Cells via Lactylation Modification
Authors: Zhu Xiangrui , Pang Xiangming , Wang Xiaoying , Guan Xiaoyu , Wang Zhaosi , Zhang Lixin , Zheng Xiaodong , Li Fei , Mei Jian , Ou Langlin , Liu Yuxiang , Meng Zitong , Chen Yingli , Ma Cui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe phenotypic transition of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is a central pathological alteration in pulmonary artery remodeling that contributes to pulmonary hypertension (PH). The specific role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), especially super enhancer (SE)-driven lncRNAs, in the phenotypic transformation of PASMCs induced by hypoxia remains unclear. The objective of this study is to determine the mechanistic role of the super enhancer-driven LncRNA UNC5B-AS1 in phenotypic transformation of PASMCs and hypoxia-induced vascular remodeling.MethodsThe lncRNA UNC5B-AS1 regulated by super-enhancers was identified in hypoxic human PASMCs through RNA sequencing and H3K27ac ChIP sequencing. Overexpression of lncRNA UNC5B-AS1 in human PASMCs was performed to elucidate its role in the pathogenesis of PH. A conserved functional fragment of lncRNA UNC5B-AS1 was used for the treatment of mouse PH.ResultsIn PASMCs, we have identified a SE-driven lncRNA called UNC5B-AS1 that regulates phenotype transition. It is transcriptionally activated by the transcription factor FOXP3. We demonstrate that UNC5B-AS1, as a molecular scaffold in mitochondria, stabilizes the interaction between LRPPRC, which is rich in leucine, and oxidative respiratory chain complex IV. This complex regulates the lactylation modification level of upstream promoter regions of inflammatory genes IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α by influencing the glycolytic pathway in PASMCs under hypoxic conditions, ultimately affecting the inflammatory phenotype transition of PASMCs.ConclusionsOur findings identify the SE-driven lncRNA UNC5B-AS1 as a novel regulatory factor in hypoxia-induced phenotypic switch of PASMCs, and suggest that overexpression of UNC5B-AS1 may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for PH.HighlightsThe long non-coding RNA UNC5B-AS1, regulated by super-enhancers (SE), is downregulated in hypoxic PASMCs, and regulates PASMC phenotype transition through glycolysis.The super-enhancer region of lncRNA UNC5B-AS1 recruits the transcription factor FOXP3 to its promoter region, forming a chromatin loop to regulate its expression.The lncRNA UNC5B-AS1 acts as a molecular scaffold stabilizing the interaction between LRPPRC and mitochondrial complex IV.The lactate generated by glycolysis activation induces lactylation modification of histones at the IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α promoters, leading to the inflammatory phenotype transition of PASMCs.Overexpression of lncRNA UNC5B-AS1 conserved fragment reversed SuHx-induced PH in mice.
Impact of tRNA-induced proline-to-serine mistranslation on the transcriptome ofDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Isaacson Joshua R. , Berg Matthew D. , Yeung William , Villén Judit , Brandl Christopher J. , Moehring Amanda J. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTMistranslation is the misincorporation of an amino acid into a polypeptide. Mistranslation has diverse effects on multicellular eukaryotes and is implicated in several human diseases. InDrosophila melanogaster, a serine transfer RNA (tRNA) that misincorporates serine at proline codons (P→S) affects male and female flies differently. The mechanisms behind this discrepancy are currently unknown. Here, we compare the transcriptional response of male and female flies to P→S mistranslation to identify genes and cellular processes that underlie sex-specific differences. Both males and females downregulate genes associated with various metabolic processes in response to P→S mistranslation. Males downregulate genes associated with extracellular matrix organization and response to negative stimuli such as wounding, whereas females downregulate aerobic respiration and ATP synthesis genes. Both sexes upregulate genes associated with gametogenesis, but females also upregulate cell cycle and DNA repair genes. These observed differences in the transcriptional response of male and female flies to P→S mistranslation have important implications for the sex-specific impact of mistranslation on disease and tRNA therapeutics.ARTICLE SUMMARYProline-to-serine mistranslation affects male and female flies differently, but the mechanisms underlying this discrepancy are unknown. We present a transcriptomic analysis of male and female flies showing that mistranslation disrupts metabolic pathways and gametogenesis in both sexes, whereas processes such as DNA repair and cell cycle regulation are affected only in one sex. This is the first analysis that characterizes sex-specific effects of mistranslation and provides intriguing avenues for future research to understand how mistranslation affects males and females.
Species richness patterns in Fijian bees are explained by constraints in physiological traits
Authors: da Silva Carmen R.B. , Dorey James B. , Matthews Cale S. , Parslow Ben , Tuiwawa Marika , Beaman Julian E. , Congedi Nicholas C. , Barker Sarah J. , Hughes Paris M. , Blumson Rosheen T.E. , Stevens Mark I. , Schwarz Michael P. , Gloag Rosalyn , Kellermann Vanessa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDetermining the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms that underpin patterns of species richness across elevational gradients is a key question in evolutionary ecology, and can help to understand species extinction risk under changing climates. In the tropical montane islands of Fiji, there are 28 species of endemic bee in the subgenusLasioglossum(Homalictus), where species richness increases with elevation despite decreasing land surface (habitat) areas. We used a combination of spatially explicit phylogenetic diversity analyses and phylogenetic trait analyses to examine the factors shaping species distributions in these bees. We found that species at higher elevations had lower heat tolerance and desiccation resistance than those at lower elevations, consistent with these traits constraining species’ elevational ranges. We also found high species phylogenetic diversity within mountains, and high phylogenetic signal in species’ heat tolerance and minimum elevational ranges, consistent with these traits being evolutionarily conserved among mountain-top taxa following vicariant (allopatric) speciation. We found no evidence to suggest that interspecific competition is shaping species elevational ranges. In all, our findings indicate that phylogenetic conservatism in physiological traits related to climatic niche, such as heat tolerance, can explain why species richness is highest at mountain tops in this system, with species having tracked their climatic niches over time towards ever higher (cooler and wetter) elevations. Because high elevations in this archipelago are extremely limited (∼2.3% of total land area), only miniscule elevational ‘islands in the sky’ remain into which this diverse, but climate-restricted fauna, can retreat as climates warm.
TMEM165 replenishes lysosomal Ca2+stores, protects cells against Ca2+overload, and mediates Ca2+-induced lysosomal H+leakage
Authors: Chen Ran , Liu Bin , Jaślan Dawid , Kucej Lucija , Kudrina Veronika , Warnke Belinda , Klingl Yvonne , Petrauskas Arnas , Maeda Kenji , Grimm Christian , Jäättelä Marja 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe proper function of lysosomes depends on their ability to store and release calcium. While several lysosomal calcium release channels have been described, how mammalian lysosomes replenish their calcium stores has not been determined. Using genetic depletion and overexpression techniques combined with electrophysiology and visualization of subcellular ion concentrations and their fluxes across the lysosomal membrane, we show here that TMEM165 imports calcium to the lysosomal lumen and mediates calcium-induced lysosomal proton leakage. Accordingly, TMEM165 accelerates the recovery of cells from cytosolic calcium overload thereby enhancing cell survival while causing a significant acidification of the perilysosomal area and the entire cytosol. These data indicate that in addition to its essential role in the glycosylation in the Golgi, a small but significant fraction of TMEM165 localizes on the lysosomal limiting membrane, where it protects cells against cytosolic calcium overload, preserves lysosomal function by refilling lysosomal calcium stores and regulates perilysosomal and lysosomal pH.
Modelling resource-driven movements of livestock herds to predict the impact of climate change on network dynamics
Authors: Sulaimon Tijani A. , Ekwem Divine , Finch Douglas , Palmer Paul I. , Cleaveland Sarah , Enright Jessica , Johnson Paul C. D. , Kao Rowland 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn East Africa, climate change is likely to profoundly impact livestock management and the potential spread of infectious diseases. Here, we developed a network model to describe livestock movements to grazing and watering sites, fitted it to data from the Serengeti district of Tanzania, and used it to explore how projected changes in resource availability due to climate change could impact future network structures and therefore infectious disease risks, using 2050 and 2080 as exemplar scenarios. Our modelled networks show increased connections between villages in grazing and watering networks, with connectivity increasing further in the future in correspondence with changes in vegetation and water availability. Our analyses show that targeted interventions to efficiently control regional disease spread may become more difficult, as village connectivity increases and disease vulnerability becomes more evenly distributed. This analysis also provides proof of principle for a novel approach applicable to agropastoral settings across many developing countries, where livestock trade plays a crucial role in maintaining local livelihoods but also in spreading disease.