bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organization of straw‐to‐energy systems in Ukraine and Scandinavia
Authors: Voytenko Yuliya , Peck Philip 
Published: June 2011

AbstractUkraine (UA) faces broad needs for energy security enhancement, energy diversification, revitalization of agriculture, and improvements in the state of the environment. UA has large biomass‐for‐bioenergy potential, which can be leveraged to contribute to local/regional energy self‐sufficiency, rural development and diversification, and environmental improvement via fossil fuel substitution with local and more sustainable biofuels. However, the manner in which biomass energy utilization is emerging is poorly documented and its organizational basis is not well understood. This work focuses on bioenergy from agricultural waste as an early emergent area. It applies cross‐case analysis to nine straw‐fired installations in UA. Analysis yields three straw‐based frameworks for organization and action, including small‐scale local heat production, small‐scale local straw production for municipal fuel provision, and medium‐scale straw combustion for district heating (DH). The UA context is then compared to more advanced agro‐bioenergy sectors in Sweden (SE) and Denmark (DK) to delineate crucial factors for the growth of UA's embryonic sector. The study finds that evolution of individual business entrepreneurship qualities and knowledge dissemination are key parameters to move the sector forward at small to medium scale, while stable and targeted incentive based systems, national government support, and collective bioenergy stakeholder action are required for advance to medium and large scales. Barriers to the expansion of bioenergy in UA include low access to technology and funding, and a lack of knowledge on bioenergy funding schemes, and bioenergy in general.The outcomes of the paper are principally transferable to other transition economies (EiTs). © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Proteolytic processing of the p75 neurotrophin receptor: A prerequisite for signalling?
Authors: Skeldal Sune , Matusica Dusan , Nykjaer Anders , Coulson Elizabeth J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe common neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) regulates various functions in the developing and adult nervous system. Cell survival, cell death, axonal and growth cone retraction, and regulation of the cell cycle can be regulated by p75NTR‐mediated signals following activation by either mature or pro‐neurotrophins and in combination with various co‐receptors, including Trk receptors and sortilin. Here, we review the known functions of p75NTR by cell type, receptor‐ligand combination, and whether regulated intra‐membrane proteolysis of p75NTR is required for signalling. We highlight that the generation of the intracellular domain fragment of p75NTR is associated with many of the receptor functions, regardless of its ligand and co‐receptor interactions.
Growth and accumulation dynamics of poly(3‐hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) in Pseudomonas putida GPo1 cultivated in continuous culture under transient feed conditions
Authors: Zinn Manfred , Durner Roland , Zinn Hanspeter , Ren Qun , Egli Thomas , Witholt Bernard 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIt has been shown that Pseudomonas putida GPo1 is able to grow in continuous culture simultaneously limited by ammonium (N source) and octanoate (C source), and concomitantly accumulate poly([R]‐3‐hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA). Under such growth conditions the material properties of PHA can be fine‐tuned if a second PHA precursor substrate is supplied. To determine the range of dual carbon and nitrogen (C, N)‐limited growth conditions, tedious chemostat experiments need to be carried out for each carbon source separately. To determine the growth regime, the C/N ratio of the feed (f) to a chemostat was changed in a stepwise manner at a constant dilution rate of 0.3/h. Dual‐(C, N)‐limited growth was observed between Cf/Nf ≤ 6.4 g/g and Cf/Nf >9.5 g/g. In the following, we analyzed alternative approaches, using continuous medium gradients at the same dilution rate, that do not require time consuming establishments of steady states. Different dynamic approaches were selected in which the Cf/Nf ratio was changed continuously through a convex increase of Cf, a convex increase of Nf, or a linear decrease of Cf (gradients 1, 2, and 3, respectively). In these experiments, the dual‐(C, N)‐limited growth regime was between 7.2 and 11.0 g/g · for gradient 1, 4.3 and 6.9 g/g for gradient 2, and 5.1 and 8.9 g/g for gradient 3. A mathematical equation was developed that compensated a time delay of the gradient that was caused by the wash‐in/wash‐out effects of the medium feed.
Two-stage hepatectomy for multiple bilobar colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Narita M , Oussoultzoglou E , Jaeck D , Fuchschuber P , Rosso E , Pessaux P , Marzano E , Bachellier P 
Published: June 2011

Abstract

Background
As surgical resection of colorectal liver metastases (CLM) remains the only treatment for cure, efforts to extend the surgical indications to include patients with multiple bilobar CLM have been made. This study evaluated the long-term outcome, safety and efficacy of two-stage hepatectomy (TSH) for CLM in a large cohort of patients.

Methods
Patients undergoing surgery between December 1996 and December 2009 were reviewed. The early postoperative and long-term outcomes as well as the patterns of failure to complete TSH and its clinical implications were analysed.

Results
Eighty patients were scheduled to undergo TSH. Sixty-one patients had completion of TSH combined with (58 patients), or without (3) portal vein embolization/ligation (PVE/PVL). Five patients were excluded after first-stage hepatectomy and 14 after PVE/PVL. The 5-year overall survival rate and median survival in patients who completed TSH were 32 per cent and 39·6 months respectively, and corresponding recurrence-free values were 11 per cent and 9·4 months respectively. Six patients were alive beyond 5 years after TSH. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that failure to complete TSH was driven by two independent prognostic scenarios: three or more CLM in the future remnant liver (FRL) combined with age over 70 years predicted tumour progression after first-stage hepatectomy, and three or more CLM in the FRL combined with carcinomatosis at the time of first-stage hepatectomy predicted the development of additional FRL metastases after PVE/PVL.

Conclusion
A therapeutic strategy using TSH provided acceptable long-term survival with no postoperative mortality. Further efforts are needed to increase the number of patients who undergo TSH successfully.
Determination of cyantraniliprole and its major metabolite residues in vegetable and soil using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Dong Fengshou , Liu Xingang , Xu Jun , Li Jing , Li Yuanbo , Shan Weili , Song Wencheng , Zheng Yongquan 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTA rapid, highly sensitive and selective method was developed for the determination of the cyantraniliprole and its major metabolite J9Z38 in cucumber, tomato and soil by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS). Target compounds were extracted with acetonitrile and an aliquot cleaned with primary and secondary amine. Two pairs of precursor product ion transitions for cyantraniliprole and J9Z38 were measured and evaluated. Average recoveries for cucumber, tomato and soil at three levels (10, 50 and 100 µg/kg) ranged from 74.7 to 96.2% with intra‐day relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.6–15.1% and inter‐day RSD of 3.4–13.3%. The limit of quantitation for cyantraniliprole and J9Z38 were determined to be 5 and 10 µg/kg in samples (cucumber, tomato and soil), respectively. This method was used to determine the cyantraniliprole and J9Z38 residues in real cucumber, tomato and soil samples for studies on their dissipation. The trial results showed that the half‐lives of cyantraniliprole obtained after treatments were 2.2, 2.8 and 9.5 days in cucumber, tomato and soil in Zhejiang, respectively, and that the average levels of cyantraniliprole and J9Z38 residues in cucumber and tomato were all <0.01 mg/kg with the interval of 10 days after treatment. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Concept of Leakage in Threat Assessment
Authors: Meloy J. Reid , O'Toole Mary Ellen 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTLeakage in the context of threat assessment is the communication to a third party of an intent to do harm to a target. Third parties are usually other people, but the means of communication vary, and include letters, diaries, journals, blogs, videos on the internet, emails, voice mails, and other social media forms of transmission. Leakage is a type of warning behavior that typically infers a preoccupation with the target, and may signal the research, planning, and implementation of an attack. Nomothetic data suggest that leakage occurs in a majority of cases of attacks on and assassinations of public figures, adult mass murders, adolescent mass murders, and school or campus shootings: very low‐frequency, but catastrophic acts of intended and targeted violence. Idiographic or case data illustrate the various permutations of leakage. We discuss the operational importance of the concept, place it in the context of other warning behaviors, emphasize the need for further research, and outline risk management strategies for the mitigation of such acts of violence in both law enforcement and clinical mental health settings. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Failure analysis of engineering structures in undergraduate courses using optimization
Authors: Sivaselvan M. V. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTIn the design process for engineering structures, it is often of interest to determine the largest magnitude of a given form of load that can be applied on a structure before causing failure. This gives the factor of safety against failure. Determining the factor of safety entails analysis of a structure on the verge of failure, and is known as limit analysis. It is well known that limit analysis can be formulated as a constrained optimization problem. With robust computational tools for optimization having become readily available, it is possible to introduce the optimization‐based approach to limit analysis at various stages in the undergraduate civil engineering curriculum. In this article, we present three instances of limit analysis using an optimization‐based approach from (i) a sophomore level Statics course, (ii) a junior level Structural Analysis course, and (iii) a senior level Advanced Solid Mechanics course. These are based on materials presented by the author in undergraduate mechanics courses at the University of Colorado at Boulder. In each case, we develop a mathematical formulation and implement the computations in MATLAB. We use two optimization tools, one from the MATLAB Optimization Toolbox and the other called SeDuMi. Classroom experience has shown that the optimization‐based approach helps students recognize the underlying thread in seemingly disparate limit analysis problems. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 22:297–308, 2014; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.20555
Transmission pricing software for power engineering education
Authors: Tziasiou Georgia T. , Orfanos George A. , Georgilakis Pavlos S. , Hatziargyriou Nikos D. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis article presents a computer program that is used in a power system economics course in order to clarify the differences and the impact of eight transmission pricing and three tracing methodologies on transmission cost allocation. The software can graphically represent the allocation of transmission cost to network users. Thanks to its graphical user interface, the software is very friendly for the students. Moreover, this article presents an educational example that helps students understand all the calculations that are involved in transmission pricing. The software and the example‐driven presentation have been proven very efficient in the education of students at the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Greece. In conclusion, the work presented in this article advances the use of computer application in the education of transmission pricing. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 22:410–428, 2014; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.10.1002/cae.20565
Contagion in the Representational Field of Water Recycling: Informing New Environment Practice Through Social Representation Theory
Authors: Callaghan Peta , Moloney Gail , Blair Duncan 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTWater shortages in Australia have highlighted an urgent need for alternative water sources, and technologically, water recycling is argued to offer the most cost‐effective, environmentally sustainable solution to these shortages. Yet public support for its implementation is low even in the drought‐stricken areas of Australia. Drawing from the theory of social representations, this study addressed community perceptions of water recycling. Three interrelated methodologies were employed in a self‐report questionnaire. Individual difference scaling/multidimensional scaling analyses of three word association tasks revealed that the emergent social representation of water recycling was contradictory in affect. Normative responses indicated an awareness of the need to use recycled water whereas the functional responses were associated with a fear of contamination. An analysis of differential use scales further revealed that the perception of contagion was specific to when recycled water had contact with the body. The discursive analysis of respondents' comments expanded on both these findings. The study identified the themata of purity/impurity as underpinning the social understanding of water recycling. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Turnover Numbers and Soluble Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Umpierre Alexandre P. , de Jesús Ernesto , Dupont Jairton 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe catalytic activity expressed by turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF) in different fields of catalysis (enzymatic, homogeneous (single‐site), heterogeneous (multi‐site), and nanocatalysis (oligo‐site)) are usually estimated in slightly different ways and with slightly different, yet important meanings. For soluble metal nanoparticles, the ideal is to determine the TON by using the titrated number of active catalytic sites before the catalyst is inactivated. However, in the absence of reliable titration methods it is suggested that TON figures should always be reported as the number of moles of reactants consumed per mol of soluble metal catalyst, and that they should also be corrected by the number of exposed surface atoms by using the metal atom’s magic number approach. Moreover, it is strongly recommended that the TOF should be determined from the slope of plots of turnover numbers versus time, because in various cases the size and shape of the soluble nanoparticles might change dramatically during the reaction. As in organometallic catalysis, in the absence of TON vs. time data, the TOF should be estimated for low substrate conversions.
Elucidation of Lignin Structure by Quantitative 2D NMR
Authors: Sette Marco , Wechselberger Rainer , Crestini Claudia 
Published: June 2011

AbstractQuick quantitative HSQC (QQ‐HSQC) was applied to quantitative evaluation of different inter‐unit linkages in an array of milled softwood and hardwood and technical lignins by using the guaiacyl C2 and syringyl C2–C6 signals as internal standards. The results were found to be highly reproducible and comparable with earlier literature reports. The advantage of QQ‐HSQC NMR analysis of lignin is contemporary detection and quantification of lignin inter‐unit linkages with a direct, non‐destructive method requiring short acquisition times.
The Dilemma of CrIIINiII Exchange Interactions: Ferromagnetism versus Antiferromagnetism
Authors: Aravena Daniel , Ruiz Eliseo 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe sign of the exchange interaction in dinuclear CrIIINiII complexes was analyzed using theoretical methods based on density functional theory. This approach allowed us to reproduce the experimental J values correctly. In addition, the Kahn–Briat model, which uses the square of the sum of the overlaps between the magnetic orbitals to correlate with the exchange coupling constant, provided a reasonable correlation between the different types of CrIIINiII complexes when using biorthogonalized orbitals. We also examined the exchange interactions in two polynuclear CrIIINiII complexes: a Cr7Ni ring and an S‐shaped Cr12Ni3 complex. We concluded that both systems exhibit antiferromagentic interactions, and that the CrIII⋅⋅⋅NiII interactions are similar in value to the CrIII⋅⋅⋅CrIII exchange couplings.
Hybrid Gold‐Nanoparticle‐Cored Conjugated Thiophene Dendrimers: Synthesis, Characterization, and Energy‐Transfer Studies
Authors: Deng Suxiang , Fulghum Timothy M. , Krueger Greg , Patton Derek , Park Jin‐Young , Advincula Rigoberto C. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA series of hybrid Au‐nanoparticle‐dendrimer materials: nanoparticle‐cored thiophene dendrimers (NCTDs) were synthesized, characterized, and investigated for their energy‐transfer properties. These hybrid nanoparticles were obtained by the simultaneous and in situ reduction of gold(III) chloride and self‐assembly of the thiol‐containing thiophene dendritic ligands. The dendron ligands were radially attached to the gold nanoparticles and were analyzed by TEM, UV/Vis, 1H NMR, and FTIR spectroscopies. The solution fluorescence of the attached thiophene dendrons are quenched progressively. Both alkyl‐chain length and dendron size have significant influence on the energy‐transfer efficiency, as well as on core sizes and size distribution of the Au nanoparticles. In spite of the phenomenon’s dependence on nanoparticle size, the energy transfer generally follows the 1/d2 distance dependence. Single NCTD nanoparticles were also adsorbed on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and uniform aggregates were observed on mica flat substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Revised Ionic Radii of Lanthanoid(III) Ions in Aqueous Solution.
Authors: D'Angelo Paola , Zitolo Andrea , Migliorati Valentina , Chillemi Giovanni , Duvail Magali , Vitorge Pierre , Abadie Sacha , Spezia Riccardo 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe combination of EXAFS spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations leads to the proposal of a new improved set of ionic radii for lanthanoid(III) cations in aqueous solution.
ChemInform Abstract: Phase Range and Physical Properties of the Thallium Tin Tellurides Tl10‐xSnxTe6 (x ≤ 2.2).
Authors: Kuropatwa Bryan A. , Assoud Abdeljalil , Kleinke Holger 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe title compounds are characterized by XRD, thermoelectric measurements, and TB‐LMTO calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Clathrate‐I Phase Ba8‐xSi46 via Redox Reactions.
Authors: Liang Ying , Boehme Bodo , Reibold Marianne , Schnelle Walter , Schwarz Ulrich , Baitinger Michael , Lichte Hannes , Grin Yuri 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMicrocrystalline powders of the title clathrate phase (1.3 < x < 1.9, space group Pm$\bar 3$n) are synthesized within a few minutes by oxidation of Ba4Li2Si6 with gaseous HCl obtained from NH4Cl (two‐zone furnace: 210 and 400 °C, 6.67 mbar HCl, single‐zone furnace: 500 °C, 15 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Regioselective Control of 1,2‐Addition of Organolithiums to α,β‐Unsaturated Compounds Promoted by Lithium Bromide in 2‐Methyltetrahydrofuran: A Facile and Eco‐Friendly Access to Allylic Alcohols and Amines.
Authors: Pace Vittorio , Castoldi Laura , Hoyos Pilar , Sinisterra Jose Vicente , Pregnolato Massimo , Sanchez‐Montero Jose Ma. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractLithium bromide‐mediated addition of organolithium reagents towards α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes and ketones proceeds with excellent 1,2‐chemoselectivity to give the corresponding allylic alcohols (III) and (V) in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Functionalized MCM‐41 as an Efficient Catalyst for Chemical Fixation of Carbon Dioxide.
Authors: Zhou Hui , Wang Yi‐Ming , Zhang Wen‐Zhen , Qu Jing‐Ping , Lu Xiao‐Bing 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe title catalyst shows temperature dependent and reversible binding of carbon dioxide.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Oxidation of Benzylic and Allylic Alcohols Using Mn(OAc)3/Catalytic 2,3‐Dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone.
Authors: Cosner Casey C. , Cabrera Pablo J. , Byrd Katherine M. , Thomas Asia M. Adams , Helquist Paul 
Published: June 2011

AbstractVarious substrates can be successfully transformed to the corresponding aldehydes or ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Reducing the Cost, Smell, and Toxicity of the Barton Reductive Decarboxylation: Chloroform as the Hydrogen Atom Source.
Authors: Ko Eun Jung , Savage G. Paul , Williams Craig M. , Tsanaktsidis John 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe use of chloroform as a solvent is crucial as it serves also as a hydrogen source.
ChemInform Abstract: Vicinal C‐Functionalization of Alkenes. Pd/Light‐Induced Multicomponent Coupling Reactions Leading to Functionalized Esters and Lactones.
Authors: Fusano Akira , Sumino Shuhei , Fukuyama Takahide , Ryu Ilhyong 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe four‐component reaction of alkenes, iodoalkanes, carbon monoxide and alcohols is induced by Xe light and leads to functionalized esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Alcohol Oxidation on Nanoporous VSB‐5 Nickel Phosphate Catalyst Functionalized by NaOH Treatment.
Authors: Li Chunlin , Kawada Hirofumi , Sun Xiaoyu , Xu Hengyong , Yoneyama Yoshiharu , Tsubaki Noritatsu 
Published: June 2011

AbstractTreatment of VBS‐5 with aq.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Hydroxylation of α‐Alkoxycarbonyl Amides with a Pr(OiPr)3/Amide‐Based Ligand Catalyst.
Authors: Takechi Sho , Kumagai Naoya , Shibasaki Masakatsu 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe optimized process can be efficiently applied to substrates bearing an aryl moiety.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst‐Free Conjugate Addition of Thioacids to Activated Olefins Accelerated in Water.
Authors: Marjani Katayoun , Khalesi Maryam , Ashouri Akram , Jalali Aazam , Ziyaei‐Halimehjani Azim 
Published: June 2011

AbstractOptimum reaction conditions are examined for the Michael addition of thioacetic acid and thiobenzoic acid to activated olefins.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Double C—Cl Bond Activation in CH2Cl2 by Iron(III) Salts with Grignard Reagents.
Authors: Qian Xin , Kozak Christopher M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA dinuclear amine‐bis(phenolate) iron complex (I) or FeCl3 are used in the cross‐coupling of Grignard reagents with dichloromethane to give diarylmethanes and diarylethanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Chelation‐Mediated Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Domino Heck—Mizoroki/Suzuki—Miyaura Reactions Using Arylboronic Acids: Increasing Scope and Mechanistic Understanding.
Authors: Yahiaoui Samir , Fardost Ashkan , Trejos Alejandro , Larhed Mats 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe treatment of vinyl ethers (I) and (IV) with various arylboronic acids and vinylboronic acid (IIj) in the presence of benzoquinone allows formation of a number of 1,2‐difunctionalized ethers.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,4‐Diarylsubstituted 1,3‐Diynes from the Sequential Coupling Reactions of Aryl Iodides and Propiolic Acid.
Authors: Kim Yong , Park Ahbyeol , Park Kyungho , Lee Sunwoo 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of the highly important diyne building blocks is achieved via Sonogashira coupling followed by decarboxylative homocoupling of the intermediate aryl‐substituted propiolic acids.