bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixed convection characteristics in a long horizontal lid‐driven channel with periodically distributed local flow modulators
Authors: Nahin Mohtasim Saib , Qaum Md Sameem Ul , Chowdhury Asif Shorforaj , Siam Tasnimul Islam , Mahmood Fahim Tanfeez , Hasan Mohammad Nasim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study explores the effectiveness of periodically placed rotating blades in enhancing heat transfer in a channel. The channel consists of a cold top plate moving at a constant speed and a fixed hot plate at the bottom. Thin rotating blades are placed periodically along the channel's centerline, with the spacing between their axes equal to the channel's height. This paper analyzes a transient, two‐dimensional, laminar flow problem using energy, momentum, and continuity equations. To address the challenges posed by moving blades, the Galerkin finite element method is implemented within an arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian framework, employing a triangular mesh discretization scheme. This study comprehensively explores thermal and hydrodynamic characteristics, including overall heat transfer, thermal frequency, and power consumption of the rotating blade for heat transfer in mixed convection scenarios with Richardson numbers (Ri) ranging from 0.1 to 10 at varying rotational frequency of the blade. Outcomes demonstrate that the inclusion of a rotating blade increases heat transfer up to 50% at lower Ri, after which the impact of the rotating blade diminishes and heat transfer reduces up to 20% at higher Ri. In addition, heat transfer enhances with increasing blade frequency up to Ri = 6.5, beyond which the effect of the frequency overturns. Examining thermal and hydrodynamic characteristics reveals that the blade achieves optimal performance when operating at f = 1 and Ri = 3. The study's insights into mixed convection heat transfer offer versatile applications, benefiting industries and equipment such as electronic cooling, chemical reactors, food processing, material fabrication, solar collectors, and nuclear reactor systems. Moreover, the findings are instrumental in the thermal ventilation of buildings and the development of micro‐electromechanical systems.
Improving evapotranspiration estimation models through quantitative watershed parameter analysis and remote sensing applications
Authors: Xue Meimei , Pan Yixuan , Zhang Yundi , Wu Jianping , Yan Wenting , Liu Xiaodong , Chen Yuchan , Zhou Guoyi , Chen Xiuzhi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNumerous models had been developed to predict the annual evapotranspiration (ET) in vegetated lands across various spatial scales. Fu's (Scientia Atmospherica Sinica, 5, 23–31) and Zhang's (Water Resources Research, 37, 701–708) ET simulation models have emerged as highly effective and have been widely used. However, both formulas have the non‐quantitative parameters (m in Fu's model and w in Zhang's model). Based on the collected 1789 samples from global long‐term hydrological studies, this study discovered significant relations between m (or w) and vegetation coverage or greenness in collected catchments. Then, we used these relations to qualify the parameters in both Zhang's and Fu's models. Results show that the ET estimation accuracies of Fu's (or Zhang's) model are significantly improved by about 13.49 mm (or 6.74 mm) for grassland and cropland, 38.52 mm (or 29.84 mm) for forest and shrub land (coverage<40%), 19.74 mm (or 16.17 mm) for mixed land (coverage<40%), respectively. However, Zhang's model shows higher errors compared with Fu's model, especially in regions with high m (or w) values, such as those with dense vegetations or P/E0 (annual precipitation to annual potential ET) smaller than 1.0. Additionally, this study also reveals that for regions with vegetation cover less than 40%, the annual ET is not only determined by vegetation types, but also relates to the sizes of vegetation‐covered areas. Conversely, for regions with vegetation cover more than 40%, the annual ET is mainly determined by the vegetation density rather than vegetation types or vegetation coverage. Thus, linking m (or w) parameters with vegetation greenness allows leveraging remote sensing for forest management in data‐scarce areas, safeguarding regional water resources. This study pioneers integrating vegetation‐related indices with basin parameters, advocating for their crucial role in more effective hydrological modelling.
Performance evaluation of a new Kalman filter based peer‐to‐peer tracking scheme for indoor environment
Authors: Chattaraj Suvendu , Chakraborty Amartya , Das Biplab 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPeer‐to‐peer tracking through smartphone sensor data is in demand due to its usefulness in location‐based services. A person carrying a smartphone device could be tracked by another smartphone through real time signal processing. Due to the distortion of GPS signals in indoor environment, Kalman filter based data fusion techniques are popularly applied to integrate various sensor data. Such an approach suffers failure in the absence of external aiding and thus entails peer tracking only through the smartphone's navigation sensor data. In this context, accurate estimation of heading error between the leaders and followers' trajectory is very much crucial. The present work demonstrates one novel Kalman filter‐based measurement matching approach for accurate estimation of the aforesaid heading error. Less than 1 meter of accuracy in the final position estimation has been achieved through this method which is comparable with other state of the art techniques as reported in literatures. Moreover, the system does not depend on any external aiding which makes it adaptable to any unknown indoor location.
“Gender is like an ocean”: Exploring the intersections of queer literacy research and teaching through filmmaking
Authors: Simon Rob , Baer Pamela , Walkland Ty 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this article, we revisit the co‐creation of a 45‐min film, Gender is Like an Ocean, produced with middle school students in response to Kirstin Cronn‐Mills's young adult novel Beautiful Music for Ugly Children. The making of this film brought together collaborative inquiry and arts creation. Drawing on the work of critical literacy educators as well as scholars in queer and trans studies, we trace students' participation in the process of co‐creating this film through three critical moments, which map their inquiries into gender identity and representation and our own attempts to learn alongside them.
Range‐separated density functional theory using multiresolution analysis and quantum computing
Authors: Poirier Nicolas , Kottmann Jakob S. , Aspuru‐Guzik Alán , Mongeau Luc , Najafi‐Yazdi Alireza 
Published: May 2024

AbstractQuantum computers are expected to outperform classical computers for specific problems in quantum chemistry. Such calculations remain expensive, but costs can be lowered through the partition of the molecular system. In the present study, partition was achieved with range‐separated density functional theory (RS‐DFT). The use of RS‐DFT reduces both the basis set size and the active space size dependence of the ground state energy in comparison with the use of wave function theory (WFT) alone. The utilization of pair natural orbitals (PNOs) in place of canonical molecular orbitals (MOs) results in more compact qubit Hamiltonians. To test this strategy, a basis‐set independent framework, known as multiresolution analysis (MRA), was employed to generate PNOs. Tests were conducted with the variational quantum eigensolver for a number of molecules. The results show that the proposed approach reduces the number of qubits needed to reach a target energy accuracy.
A Simulation‐Based Assessment of Levetiracetam Concentrations Following Fixed and Weight‐Based Loading Doses: A Meta‐Regression and Pharmacokinetic Modeling Analysis
Authors: Lau Anthony , Haag Hans , Maharaj Anil 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCurrent recommendations for refractory status epilepticus (SE) unresponsive to benzodiazepines suggest a loading dose of levetiracetam (LEV) of 60 mg/kg to a maximum of 4500 mg. LEV therapeutic drug monitoring can help guide therapy and is garnering increasing attention. The objective of this study is to simulate the probability of target attainment (PTA) of fixed dose and weight‐based loading doses of LEV with respect to established therapeutic target concentrations. Meta‐regression of the current literature was performed to evaluate the relationship between intravenous LEV loading dose and seizure cessation in refractory SE patients. A previously published pharmacokinetic model was used to simulate the PTA capacity of competing single intravenous dosing schemes (fixed vs weight‐based dosing) to achieve maximum (Cpeak) and 12‐h (C12h) plasma concentrations that exceed 12 mg/L. The meta‐regression indicated that dosage was not a statistically significant modulator of seizure control at dosages between 20 and 60 mg/kg. Stochastic simulations showed all dosing schemes achieved plasma Cpeak >12 mg/L, but C12h levels were <12 mg/L in subjects over 60 kg with a fixed dose ≤2000 mg or in subjects <60 kg with a weight‐based dose <30 mg/kg. Dosages of 40 and 60 mg/kg provided ≥90% PTAs across all weights. Using a weight‐based loading dose of 40 mg/kg, up to a suggested maximum of 4500 mg, improves the likelihood of achieving a sustained therapeutic drug concentration after the initial LEV dose, whereas fixed <3000 mg may not achieve the desired concentration before maintenance dosing.
In‐Depth Analysis of the Selection of PBPK Modeling Tools: Bibliometric and Social Network Analysis of the Open Systems Pharmacology Community
Authors: Dallmann André , Teutonico Donato , Schaller Stephan , Burghaus Rolf , Frechen Sebastian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSince the Open Source Initiative laid the foundation for the open source software environment in 1998, the popularity of free and open source software has been steadily increasing. Model‐informed drug discovery and development (MID3), a key component of pharmaceutical research and development, heavily makes use of computational models which can be developed using various software including the Open Systems Pharmacology (OSP) software (PK‐Sim/MoBi), a free and open source software tool for physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact, application areas, and reach of the OSP software as well as the relationships and collaboration patterns between organizations having published OSP‐related articles between 2017 and 2023. Therefore, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of OSP‐related publications and a social network analysis of the organizations with which authors of OSP‐related publications were affiliated. On several levels, we found evidence for a significant growth in the size of the OSP community as well as its visibility in the MID3 community since OSP's establishment in 2017. Specifically, the annual publication rate of PubMed‐indexed PBPK‐related articles using the OSP software outpaced that of PBPK‐related articles using any software. Our bibliometric analysis and network analysis demonstrated that the expansion of the OSP community was predominantly driven by new authors and organizations without prior connections to the community involving the generation of research clusters de novo and an overall diversification of the network. These findings suggest an ongoing evolution of the OSP community toward a more segmented, diverse, and inclusive network.
Histochemical and ultrastructural localization of triterpene saponins in Medicago truncatula
Authors: Zannino Lorena , Carelli Maria , Milanesi Gloria , Croce Anna Cleta , Biggiogera Marco , Confalonieri Massimo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the Medicago genus, saponins are complex mixtures of triterpene pentacyclic glycosides extensively studied for their different and economically relevant biological and pharmaceutical properties. This research is aimed at determining for the first time the tissue and cellular localization of triterpene saponins in vegetative organs of Medicago truncatula, a model plant species for legumes, by histochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that saponins are present mainly in the palisade mesophyll layer of leaves, whereas in stems they are mostly located in the primary phloem and the subepidermal cells of cortical parenchyma. In root tissue, saponins occur in the secondary phloem region. Transmission electron microscopy revealed prominent saponin accumulation within the leaf and stem chloroplasts, while in the roots the saponins are found in the vesicular structures. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using histochemistry and transmission electron microscopy to localize M. truncatula saponins at tissue and cellular levels and provide important information for further studies on biosynthesis and regulation of valuable bioactive saponins on agronomic relevant Medicago spp., such as alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.).Research Highlights
The Medicago genus represents a valuable rich source of saponins, one of the most interesting groups of secondary plant metabolites, which possess relevant biological and pharmacological properties.
Plant tissue and cellular localization of saponins is of great importance to better understand their biological functions, biosynthetic pathway, and regulatory mechanisms.
We elucidate the localization of saponins in Medicago truncatula with histochemical and transmission electron microscopy studies.
Impact of earthworms on antibiotic resistance genes removal in ampicillin‐contaminated soil through bacterial community alteration
Authors: Gao Xuan , Zhang Hong , Xu Longhui , Wang Lida , Li Xiqing , Jiang Yongbin , Yu Hongmei , Zhu Guoping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe emergence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) as contaminants in soil poses a significant threat to public health. Earthworms (Eisenia foetida), which are common inhabitants of soil, have been extensively studied for their influence on ARGs. However, the specific impact of earthworms on penicillin‐related ARGs remains unclear. In this study, we investigate the role of earthworms in mitigating ARGs, specifically penicillin‐related ARGs, in ampicillin‐contaminated soil. Utilizing high‐throughput quantitative PCR (HT‐qPCR), we quantified a significant reduction in the relative abundance of penicillin‐related ARGs in soil treated with earthworms, showing a decrease with a p‐value of <0.01. Furthermore, high‐throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that earthworm intervention markedly alters the microbial community structure, notably enhancing the prevalence of specific bacterial phyla such as Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, and Tenericutes. Our findings not only demonstrate the effectiveness of earthworms in reducing the environmental load of penicillin‐related ARGs but also provide insight into the alteration of microbial communities as a potential mechanism. This research contributes to our understanding of the role of earthworms in mitigating the spread of antibiotic resistance and provides valuable insights for the development of strategies to combat this global health issue.
Elevated ammonia cues hatching in red‐eyed treefrogs: A mechanism for escape from drying eggs
Authors: Lisondro‐Arosemena Astrid K. , Salazar‐Nicholls María José , Warkentin Karen M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEgg dehydration can kill terrestrial frog embryos, and this threat is increasing with climate change and deforestation. In several lineages that independently evolved terrestrial eggs, and retained aquatic tadpoles, embryos accelerate hatching to escape from drying eggs, entering the water earlier and less developed. However, the cues that stimulate drying‐induced early hatching are unknown. Ammonia is a toxic, water‐soluble metabolic waste that accumulates within eggs as embryos develop and concentrates as eggs dehydrate. Thus, increasing ammonia concentration may be a direct threat to embryos in drying eggs. We hypothesized that it could serve as a cue, stimulating embryos to hatch and escape. The embryos of red‐eyed treefrogs, Agalychnis callidryas, hatch early to escape from many threats, including dehydration, and are known to use mechanosensory, hypoxia, and light cues. To test if they also use high ammonia as a cue to hatch, we exposed stage‐matched pairs of hatching‐competent, well‐hydrated sibling embryos to ammonia and control solutions in shallow water baths and recorded their behavior. Control embryos remained unhatched while ammonia‐exposed embryos showed a rapid, strong hatching response; 95% hatched, on average in under 15 min. This demonstrates that elevated ammonia can serve as a hatching cue for A. callidryas embryos. This finding is a key step in understanding the mechanisms that enable terrestrial frog embryos to escape from egg drying, opening new possibilities for integrative and comparative studies on this growing threat.
Performance and Perception of Creativity and Academic Achievement in Elementary School Students: A Normal Mixture Modeling Study
Authors: Scherbakova Alisa , Dumas Denis , Acar Selcuk , Berthiaume Kelly , Organisciak Peter 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTCreativity can be assessed using various methods, including divergent thinking performance, self‐ratings, and teacher ratings. However, these measures may not always align, as they may not consistently identify creative potential in the same manner. The present study aimed to identify latent subgroups of students based on their observed originality, creative self‐efficacy, teacher‐rated originality, academic achievement in reading and mathematics, and demographic background characteristics. Data were collected from 243 elementary school students. We applied the normal mixture technique to classify participants into latent subgroups. Five latent subgroups of students were identified: Overconfident Low Performers, Creative High Achievers, Under‐Confident Below‐Average Achievers, Mathematically Oriented Students, and Calibrated Above‐Average Achievers. Female students tended to fall disproportionately into the subgroup of Creative High Achievers. Students receiving free/reduced lunch had a lower probability of being Creative High Achievers. Special education students had a higher probability of falling into the subgroup Overconfident Low Performers. Teacher ratings of students' originality were more in line with student academic performance rather than with their performance‐based originality scores. Students' self‐ratings of creativity bifurcated across subgroups, with Creative High Achievers and Overconfident Low Performers reporting the highest self‐ratings of originality, despite displaying very different levels of performance on the divergent thinking assessment.
New aspects on the determination of soil‐specific respiration quotients of arable soils for the application in the barometric process separation technique
Authors: Munz Hannah , Ingwersen Joachim , Ju Xiaotang , Streck Thilo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe respiratory quotient, that is, the CO2–O2‐exchange ratio during aerobic heterotrophic soil respiration, (RQAHR) is one of the key variables of the barometric process separation (BaPS) technique. For reliable application, the BaPS method requires the adjustment of RQAHR to soil‐specific substrate conditions.AimThe objective of the present study was to determine RQAHR in five arable soils varying between pH 4 and 8 and carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios between 8.4 and 11.9 using the BaPS–15N method. Further, we aimed to elucidate whether RQAHR can be estimated from basic soil properties.ResultsDetermined RQAHRs were soil specific and ranged between 0.74 and 1.53. RQAHR particularly affected the calculation of gross nitrification rates but not soil respiration rates. Based on a multiple linear regression analysis, soil pH and the C/N ratio of the soil organic matter pool were identified to explain well (R2 = 0.984) the measured RQAHRs. Applying the thus derived RQMLR to the calculation procedure led to good agreement between gross nitrification rates derived by the 15N pool dilution technique.ConclusionsFuture studies are needed to test whether this empirical relationship between RQAHR, pH, and C/N ratio is generalizable. If this would be the case, the BaPS method could be applied without the use of a stable isotope and thus, being less resource demanding than the 15N pool dilution technique.
Revisiting the Implications of a Wide or Narrow Fetal Cavum Septi Pellucidi
Authors: Sichitiu Joanna , Ghannad‐Zadeh Kimia , Van Mieghem Tim , Toi Ants , Greenfeld Elena , Chitayat David , Shinar Shiri 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesTo investigate short‐term neonatal developmental outcomes in fetuses with an isolated wide or narrow cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) using new reference ranges.MethodsA cross‐sectional study on fetuses at 16 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks of gestation between December 2020 and January 2022. CSP width reference ranges were constructed from low‐risk pregnancies. Wide and narrow CSPs were defined as measurements above the 95th percentile and below the 5th percentile, respectively. For the primary outcome fetuses with normal neurosonograms were included. Neonatal developmental outcomes were assessed using the Survey of Well‐being of Young Children (SWYC).ResultsA total of 352 fetuses were included in this study, of whom 138 were healthy and had uncomplicated neonatal outcomes. These fetuses constituted the control group and were used to construct the CSP width reference ranges. Of 185 fetuses in the neurosonography group, 9.7% had wide and 7.6% had narrow CSPs, of whom 33.3% and 22.2%, respectively, scored below the SWYC threshold for expected developmental milestones, a rate similar to that reported in the general population.ConclusionsThe presence of a prenatally isolated wide or narrow CSP does not appear to increase the risk of neonatal neurodevelopmental delay.
High‐Resolution Ultrasound of Odontogenic Cutaneous Sinus Tract
Authors: Corvino Antonio , Catalano Orlando , Wortsman Ximena , Roldán Fernando Alfageme , Cavallieri Fernanda , Gonzalez Claudia , Tafuri Domenico , Corvino Fabio , Cocco Giulio , Caruso Martina 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesTo investigate the role of high‐resolution ultrasound (HR‐US) in the initial and differential diagnosis of the Odontogenic Cutaneous Sinus Tract (OCST) in a multicentric setting.MethodsSkin HR‐US examinations of OCSTs performed between January 2019 and June 2023 at different Institutions were retrospectively reviewed. Epidemiological and clinical data (age, gender, location of the skin lesion, causative tooth, and the clinical suspicion) as well as HR‐US imaging findings (morphology and length of the sinus tract, Doppler signal, and cortical bone interruption of maxilla or mandible) were collected. US examinations were performed by expert radiologists using a high‐performance US scanner, employing a high‐frequency linear probe (15 MHz or higher frequencies). In only one patient the HR‐US exam was integrated with strain elastography (SE).ResultsSixteen patients were enrolled with a median age of 37.6 years (range 16–70 years). The most frequent clinical suspicion was epidermal cyst, while OCST was suspected in only two cases. In all cases, HR‐US depicted the sinus tract as a nodular, triangular or “champignon‐shaped” lesion in the subcutaneous layer, which continued with a slightly tortuous band structure, up to the focally interrupted cortical bone plate. Furthermore, color Doppler evaluation showed color signals around and/or within the lesion, expression of inflammation. On SE, the sinus tract showed a hard pattern, due to fibrous and granulomatous tissue.ConclusionsHR‐US, thanks to its high spatial resolution, allows the evaluation of OCST, and play a crucial diagnostic role, mainly when the clinical suspicious is different.