bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small chloroplast-targeted DnaJ proteins are involved in optimization of photosynthetic reactions in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Chen Kun-Ming , Holmström Maija , Raksajit Wuttinun , Suorsa Marjaana , Piippo Mirva , Aro Eva-Mari 
Published: March 2010

Abstract

Background
DnaJ proteins participate in many metabolic pathways through dynamic interactions with various components of these processes. The role of three small chloroplast-targeted DnaJ proteins, AtJ8 (At1 g80920), AtJ11 (At4 g36040) and AtJ20 (At4 g13830), was investigated here using knock-out mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana. Photochemical efficiency, capacity of CO2 assimilation, stabilization of Photosystem (PS) II dimers and supercomplexes under high light illumination, energy distribution between PSI and PSII and phosphorylation of PSII-LHCII proteins, global gene expression profiles and oxidative stress responses of these DnaJ mutants were analyzed.

Results
Knockout of one of these proteins caused a series of events including a decrease in photosynthetic efficiency, destabilization of PSII complexes and loss of control for balancing the redox reactions in chloroplasts. Data obtained with DNA microarray analysis demonstrated that the lack of one of these DnaJ proteins triggers a global stress response and therefore confers the plants greater tolerance to oxidative stress induced by high light or methyl viologen treatments. Expression of a set of genes encoding enzymes that detoxify reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as a number of stress-related transcription factors behaved in the mutants at growth light similarly to that when wild-type (WT) plants were transferred to high light. Also a set of genes related to redox regulation were upregulated in the mutants. On the other hand, although the three DnaJ proteins reside in chloroplasts, the expression of most genes encoding thylakoid membrane proteins was not changed in the mutants.

Conclusion
It is proposed that the tolerance of the DnaJ protein knockout plants to oxidative stress occurs at the expense of the flexibility of photosynthetic reactions. Despite the fact that the effects of the individual protein knockout on the response of plants to high light treatment are quite similar, it is conceivable that both specific- and cross-talk functions exist between the three small chloroplast-targeted DnaJ proteins, AtJ8, AtJ11 and AtJ20.
Small intestinal mucosa expression of putative chaperone fls485
Authors: Reinartz Andrea , Ehling Josef , Franz Susanne , Simon Verena , Bravo Ignacio G , Tessmer Claudia , Zentgraf Hanswalter , Lyer Stefan , Schneider Ursula , Köster Jan , Raupach Kerstin , Kämmerer Elke , Klaus Christina , Tischendorf Jens JW , Kopitz Jürgen , Alonso Angel , Gassler Nikolaus 
Published: March 2010

Abstract

Background
Maturation of enterocytes along the small intestinal crypt-villus axis is associated with significant changes in gene expression profiles. fls485 coding a putative chaperone protein has been recently suggested as a gene involved in this process. The aim of the present study was to analyze fls485 expression in human small intestinal mucosa.

Methods

fls485 expression in purified normal or intestinal mucosa affected with celiac disease was investigated with a molecular approach including qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and expression strategies. Molecular data were corroborated with several in situ techniques and usage of newly synthesized mouse monoclonal antibodies.

Results
fls485 mRNA expression was preferentially found in enterocytes and chromaffine cells of human intestinal mucosa as well as in several cell lines including Rko, Lovo, and CaCo2 cells. Western blot analysis with our new anti-fls485 antibodies revealed at least two fls485 proteins. In a functional CaCo2 model, an increase in fls485 expression was paralleled by cellular maturation stage. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated fls485 as a cytosolic protein with a slightly increasing expression gradient along the crypt-villus axis which was impaired in celiac disease Marsh IIIa-c.

Conclusions
Expression and synthesis of fls485 are found in surface lining epithelia of normal human intestinal mucosa and deriving epithelial cell lines. An interdependence of enterocyte differentiation along the crypt-villus axis and fls485 chaperone activity might be possible.
Enhanced antiproliferative and apoptotic response to combined treatment of γ-tocotrienol with erlotinib or gefitinib in mammary tumor cells
Authors: Bachawal Sunitha V , Wali Vikram B , Sylvester Paul W 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackgroundAberrant ErbB receptor signaling is associated with various types of malignancies. γ-Tocotrienol is a member of the vitamin E family of compounds that displays potent anticancer activity that is associated with suppression in ErbB receptor phosphorylation and mitogenic signaling. Erlotinib and gefitinib are tyrosine kinase inhibitors that block ErbB1 receptor activation, whereas trastuzumab is a monoclonal antibody that has been designed to specifically inhibit ErbB2 receptor activation. However, the clinical effectiveness of these agents have been disappointing because of cooperation between different ErbB family members that can rescue cancer cells from agents directed against a single ErbB receptor subtype. It was hypothesized that targeting multiple ErbB receptor subtypes with combined treatment of γ-tocotrienol and ErbB receptor inhibitors would provide greater anticancer effects than monotherapy targeting only a single ErbB receptor subtype.MethodsHighly malignant mouse +SA mammary epithelial cells were maintained in culture on serum-free defined media containing 10 ng/ml EGF as a mitogen. Cell viability wase determined by MTT assay, whereas Western blot and immunofluorescent staining was used to determine treatment effects on ErbB receptor subtype level and activation. Treatment-induced apoptosis was determined using annexin V staining and Western blot analysis of cleaved caspase-3 and PARP levels.ResultsTreatment with 3.5 μM γ-tocotrienol, 0.5 μM erlotinib or 1.0 μM gefitinib alone, significantly inhibited +SA tumor cell growth. Combined treatment with subeffective doses of erlotinib (0.25 μM) or gefitinib (0.5 μM) with subeffective doses of γ-tocotrienol (0.5-3.0 μM) significantly inhibited the growth and induced apoptosis in a dose-responsive manner. Trastuzumab treatment alone or in combination had no effect on +SA cell growth and viability. Combined treatment of γ-tocotrienol with erlotinib or gefitinib also cause a large decrease in ErbB3, ErbB4, and to a lesser extent ErbB2 receptor levels, and EGF-dependent ErbB2-4 tyrosine phosphorylation (activation), but had no effect on ErbB1 receptor levels or activation.ConclusionCombination treatment of γ-tocotrienol with specific ErbB receptor inhibitors is more effective in reducing mammary tumor cell growth and viability than high dose monotherapy, suggesting that targeting multiple ErbB receptors with combination therapy may significantly improve the therapeutic response in breast cancer patients.
CD40 ligand induced cytotoxicity in carcinoma cells is enhanced by inhibition of metalloproteinase cleavage and delivery via a conditionally-replicating adenovirus
Authors: Elmetwali Taha , Searle Peter F , McNeish Iain , Young Lawrence S , Palmer Daniel H 
Published: March 2010

Abstract

Background
CD40 and its ligand (CD40L) play a critical role in co-ordinating immune responses. CD40 is also expressed in lymphoid malignancies and a number of carcinomas. In carcinoma cells the physiological outcome of CD40 ligation depends on the level of receptor engagement with low levels promoting cell survival and high levels inducing cell death. The most profound induction of cell death in carcinoma cells is induced by membrane-bound rather than recombinant soluble CD40L, but like other TNF family ligands, it is cleaved from the membrane by matrix metalloproteinases.

Results
We have generated a replication-deficient adenovirus expressing a mutant CD40L that is resistant to metalloproteinase cleavage such that ligand expression is retained at the cell membrane. Here we show that the mutated, cleavage-resistant form of CD40L is a more potent inducer of apoptosis than wild-type ligand in CD40-positive carcinoma cell lines. Since transgene expression via replication-deficient adenovirus vectors in vivo is low, we have also engineered a conditionally replicating E1A-CR2 deleted adenovirus to express mutant CD40L, resulting in significant amplification of ligand expression and consequent enhancement of its therapeutic effect.

Conclusions
Combined with numerous studies demonstrating its immunotherapeutic potential, these data provide a strong rationale for the exploitation of the CD40-CD40L pathway for the treatment of solid tumours.
A Square-planar Ni(II) Complex with an Asymmetric N2S2 Donor Set as a Model for the Active Site of Nickel-containing SOD: Structural Conversion Driven by Addition of a Strong Donor Ligand in the High Oxidation State
Authors: Nakane Daisuke , Funahashi Yasuhiro , Ozawa Tomohiro , Masuda Hideki 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
A novel Ni(II) complex with an asymmetric monoamino–monoamidato–dithioether square-planar coordination (1) was prepared as a model compound of the active center of NiSOD and characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical methods. EPR data indicate that the structure of complex 1 in the high oxidation state can be significantly altered upon binding of imidazole, a stronger donor ligand than the original supporting ligand.
Determination of Easy Magnetization Axis of Mordenite Zeolite
Authors: Matsunaga Chika , Uchikoshi Tetsuo , Suzuki Tohru S , Sakka Yoshio , Matsuda Motohide 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The easy-magnetization axis of mordenite zeolite was determined using commercially available mordenite powder. The well-dispersed suspension of the powder was consolidated by slip casting in a 12-T static magnetic field. The thick bulk deposit was cut into a dice in order to investigate the XRD patterns from the mutually orthogonal surfaces of the consolidated mordenite compacts, the normal lines of which surfaces were parallel and perpendicular to the applied magnetic field. The easy-magnetization axis of mordenite was determined to be the b axis based on the XRD measurements.
Photocatalytic Homogeneous Oxidation of Organic Compounds in Aqueous Solutions Containing Iron(III) Ion: A Very Simple Method for Mineralization of Organic Pollutants in Water
Authors: Imanishi Masachiyo , Hashimoto Keiji , Kominami Hiroshi 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Irradiation of UV light to aqueous solutions of various organic compounds (acetic acid, alcohols, ketones, phenol, and benzenesulfonic acid) containing a small amount of metal ions was examined under an aerated condition at room temperature. These organic compounds were quantitatively decomposed to carbon dioxide in the presence of iron(III) ion, indicating that hydrated iron(III) complex acted as an efficient homogeneous photocatalyst.
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production from Water Using Heterogeneous Two-dimensional Rhodium Coordination Polymer [Rh2(p-BDC)2]n
Authors: Kataoka Yusuke , Sato Konomi , Miyazaki Yuhei , Suzuki Yuto , Tanaka Hiroshi , Kitagawa Yasutaka , Kawakami Takashi , Okumura Mitsutaka , Mori Wasuke 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Heterogeneous dinuclear rhodium(II) coordination polymer, [Rh2(p-BDC)2]n (p-BDC = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate), which formed self-assembly infinite two-dimentional slit sheets structure was performed as hydrogen production catalyst for photochemical reduction of water under visible light irradiation in the presence of a multicomponent system containing Ru(bpy)32+, MV2+, and EDTA–2Na.
CAN/I2-catalyzed Chemoselective Synthesis of Thiosulfonates by Oxidation of Disulfides or Thiols
Authors: Cai Ming-Tiao , Lv Guang-Shu , Chen Jiu-Xi , Gao Wen-Xia , Ding Jin-Chang , Wu Hua-Yue 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
CAN/I2 promoted synthesis of thiosulfonates by oxidation of disulfides and thiols with high chemoselectivity and excellent yields in wet poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-400). The overall process is simple, practical, and it provides convenient access to thiosulfonates.
Why Paul Celan Took Alarm
Authors: Bonnefoy Yves , Felstiner John 
Published: March 2010

Paul Celan Breaks Into “Tears, His Body Shaken by Sobbing, the Whole Affair Again Present, Accusings, Denouncings, as Stunned and distressed as on day 1.” It's June 1966 in Paris, and he has gone with Yves Bonnefoy to visit a “most generous, most welcoming” friend who has “deep instincts for a poet's quality and for how infamous these attacks on Celan were.” But “[t]hat trustful welcome had only deepened the open wound.”Nothing in the life of Paul Celan (1920-70), short of his parents' murder in the Holocaust, racked him more than the vicious, specious plagiarism charges a German French writer, Claire Goll, launched against him on behalf of her deceased husband. As Bonnefoy saw all too well, Celan never recovered from them.
Novel Ultrasonic Device to Measure the Distance From the Bottom of the Osteotome to Various Anatomic Landmarks
Authors: Machtei Eli E. , Zigdon Hadar , Levin Liran , Peled Micha 
Published: March 2010

Background: The aim of the present study is to intraoperatively measure the distance from the bottom of the osteotome to the inferior alveolar canal (IAC) and maxillary sinus floor using a novel ultrasonic device and to compare the measurements to those using conventional radiographs.Methods: Patients scheduled for dental implant placement in the posterior regions were recruited for this pilot study. Mucoperiosteal flaps were elevated, and a recipient site was initiated using a standardized 2‐mm‐diameter pilot drill. The distance from the bottom of the osteotome to the IAC and maxillary sinus floor was assessed using a newly developed ultrasonic device and compared to a standard panoramic radiograph that was used to measure the same residual distance from the bottom of the drill.Results: Fourteen consecutive patients (21 implants) were enrolled. Eleven implants were placed in posterior mandibles, and 10 implants were placed in posterior maxillae. The mean ± SE radiographic distance from the apex of the pilot drill to the nearest cortical bone was 5.64 ± 0.51 mm, which was very similar to the distance measured by the ultrasonic device (5.22 ± 0.37 mm; P = 0.341). In posterior mandibles (n = 11), the distances were 5.18 ±0.61 mm (radiographic) and 5.26 ± 0.61 mm (ultrasonic), which were not statistically significant (P = 0.593). A very strong positive correlation was observed between the two measurements in mandibles (r = 0.967; P = 0.0001).Conclusion: The results of this in vivo study support the value of this ultrasonic system in measuring the residual osseous depth from the bottom of the osteotome to the roof of the IAC.
North Sea Dominos: The Economic Dependencies of Infrastructure Assets and Their User-fields
Authors: Willigers B.J.A. , Prendergast K. , Muslumov Z. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The future profitability and the ultimate hydrocarbon recovery of North Sea fields are largely dictated by the management of the infrastructure used to process and transport hydrocarbons. Optimization of this infrastructure is therefore an important strategic objective for most North Sea players.
In the North Sea, a common offshore infrastructure design consists of a regional hub that collects hydrocarbons from the fields located in the catchment area. This collective production is exported by a pipeline leaving the hub. Hubs, pipelines and oil-and-gas receiving terminals are typically paid a tariff for their services. Once tariff receipts become insufficient to cover the costs of those services, many commercial agreements default to cost-sharing arrangements, where the operating costs of the facility are distributed over its user-fields1. This cost sharing generally translates into higher operating costs for these fields and may cause certain user-fields to become uneconomical. As one user-field ceases production, the infrastructure facility’s operating costs are distributed over fewer fields. This may translate into a "domino-effect" scenario, in which more and more fields become uneconomical, thereby cutting short the economic life of the infrastructure facility.
In this paper, the economic interdependencies between a hub and its user-fields are illustrated first by a generic example, then by an analysis of the Bruce hub and its user-fields in the UK North Sea. The results highlight that accurate modeling of hub and user-fields interactions can increase understanding and mitigate the risks of potential "domino-effects", in which the economics of transportation and processing facilities may deteriorate rapidly and turn large segments of the North Sea uneconomical.
A New Approach to Uncertainty Quantification for Decision Making
Authors: Bratvold R.B. , Begg S.H. , Rasheva Svitlana 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Sound decision making requires the elicitation and quantification of key uncertainties. Probabilities are, in general, subjective and most petro-technical experts find assessing them challenging. Furthermore, much evidence shows that, although they may not be aware of it, assessors find it difficult to make unbiased assessments.
We show how the maximum entropy principle, an idea from information theory, can be used to overcome the challenge of uncertainty assessment in oil & gas decision-making situations. It has found great popularity in natural language processing, space communication, biomedical engineering, and many other fields but has received limited attention in oil & gas. After describing how the technique can be adapted to information typical of oil and gas, we illustrate its application to a field development decision.
We conclude that the maximum entropy approach can incorporate many types of partial information. The examples and applications in this paper illustrate the relevance and power of the approach for quantifying probabilities in the context of oil E&P decision making. It is shown that arbitrarily "interpolating" between assessed probabilities, or ignoring dependencies, can lead to biased probability distribution, which in turn may lead to sub-optimal decisions.
Quantifying the Uncertainty in Estimates of World Conventional Oil Resources
Authors: Tien Chih-Ming , McVay Duane A. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Since Hubbert proposed the "peak oil" concept to forecast ultimate recovery of crude oil for the US and the world, there have been countless debates over the timing of peak world conventional oil production rate and ultimate recovery. Forecasts presented in the literature can be grouped into those that are like Hubbert’s, with an imminent peak, and those that do not predict an imminent peak. Although both groups have bases for their positions, viewpoints from the two groups are polarized and the debate is often heated. A big reason for the large divide between the two groups is the failure of both to acknowledge the significant uncertainty in their estimates. Although some authors attempt to quantify uncertainty, most use deterministic methods and present single values, with no ranges.
Our objective is to quantify the uncertainty in estimates of ultimate world conventional oil production and time to peak rate. We use two different methodologies. First, we employ a mathematical modeling technique based on regression of historical production data using Hubbert’s logistic model and a normal distribution model. However, we conduct the analyses probabilistically, considering errors in both the data and the model, which results in likelihood probability distributions for world conventional oil production and time to peak rate. Second, we use a multiple-experts analysis to combine estimates from the multitude of papers presented in the literature, yielding an overall distribution of estimated world conventional oil production.
Both the mathematical modeling and the multiple-experts analysis indicate that there is considerable uncertainty in estimates of world recoverable conventional oil resources. Our best estimate is a P10-P90 range of 1.8-4.4 trillion bbl with a mean of 2.9 trillion bbl. Due to some conservative assumptions in our analysis, we believe the uncertainty is actually greater than indicated above, and the additional uncertainty is in the upside, resulting in a larger mean value. In short, we do not have enough information at this time to say with reliability what the ultimate world conventional oil production will be. It could peak soon, somewhere in the distant future, or somewhere in between. It would be wise to consider all of these possible outcomes in planning and making decisions regarding capital investment and formulation of energy policy.
Unconventional Gas Uncertainty – The Implications on Portfolio Management and Development Practices
Authors: Wilczynski Herve , Ashraf Muqsit 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Unconventional plays are at the center of the renewed interest in natural gas. A majority of forecasts agree that gas consumption will increase over the next several decades and the experience in North America has shown that technically challenging reserves can be economically accessed. The industry is focusing on leveraging what has made this transformation possible in North America: technology. However, equally important are portfolio management and development practices that have defined who the market leaders are in terms of financial performance. The inherent subsurface uncertainty that characterizes unconventional plays throughout their lifecycle makes investment decisions around land acquisition, infrastructure development, and drilling programs challenging. This uncertainty comes on top of the other variability faced by conventional operations. The gradual investment profile of unconventional gas offers operators the opportunity to mitigate their risks and implement required course corrections in land strategy, well design and drilling sequence. Operators can use the real options approach to maintain the flexibility needed in making portfolio decisions and utilize a flexible operating model for the development phase to drive efficiencies as well as proactively address possible shifts in the reservoir configuration or the economic environment. These "non-technical" lessons learned are particularly relevant today as the industry continues its investment in North America (Marcellus) and takes significant interest in overseas assets (Europe and Asia). These plays, while potentially attractive, hold a fair amount of uncertainty which technology alone will not be able to address- business practices will have a central role to play in managing these risks.
Diversification in the Financial Services Industry: The Effect of the Financial Modernization Act
Authors: Neale Faith R. , Drake Pamela Peterson , Clark Steven P. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The intent of the Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999 (FSM) was to strengthen the overall financial services sector by allowing financial firms to diversify across industries within the financial sector. Similar to other studies of the reaction to this Act, we observe that investors consider the FSM to be good news. More interestingly, we also observe that systematic risk increased for some types of firms, but decreased for others as barriers were lowered. This finding is consistent with the idea that the reduction of regulation may increase systematic risk, but that the effects of deregulation on risk may be mitigated by anticipated effects of diversification. Specifically, bank holding companies that chose to diversify into other financial industries experienced increases in systematic risk while those that did not diversify realized decreases in systematic risk. Overall, we find that the systematic risk of financial firms converged and increased in the past few years as firms expanded into non-traditional businesses. In addition, we find that the Act reduced systematic risk for some firms, specifically those that diversified their product lines with insurance products.