bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corticosteroid injections for the treatment of osteoarthritis present a wide spectrum of effects ranging from detrimental to disease‐modifying: A systematic review of preclinical evidence by the ESSKA Orthobiologic Initiative
Authors: Bensa Alessandro , Salerno Manuela , Boffa Angelo , de Girolamo Laura , Laver Lior , Magalon Jérémy , Sánchez Mikel , Tischer Thomas , Filardo Giuseppe 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeAim of this systematic review of preclinical evidence was to determine the effects of intra‐articular corticosteroid (CS) injections in joints affected by osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsA systematic review was performed on animal studies evaluating intra‐articular CS injections for OA joints. The search was performed on PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases. A synthesis of the results was performed investigating CS effects by evaluating studies comparing CS with control groups. Morphological, histological, immunohistochemistry evaluations, clinical outcomes, biomarkers and imaging results were evaluated. The risk of bias was assessed according to the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation's tool.ResultsThirty‐two articles analysing CS effects in OA animal models were included (1079 joints), 18 studies on small and 14 on large animals. CS injections showed overall positive effects in at least one of the outcomes in 68% of the studies, while 16% reported a deleterious effect. CS improved cartilage and synovial outcomes in 68% and 60% of the studies, but detrimental effects were documented in 11% and 20% of the studies, respectively. Clinical parameters evaluated in terms of pain, lameness or joint swelling improved in 63% of the studies but deteriorated in 13%. Evidence is limited on imaging and biomarkers results, as well as on the best CS type, dose, formulation and injection protocol. The risk of bias assessment revealed a 28% low and an 18% high risk of bias.ConclusionIntra‐articular CS injections induced a wide range of results on OA joints in experimental animal models, from disease‐modifying and positive effects on pain and joint function at short‐term evaluation to the lack of benefit or even negative effects. This underlines the need to identify more specific indications and treatment modalities to avoid possible detrimental effects while maximising the anti‐inflammatory properties and the benefits of intra‐articular CS in OA joints.Level of EvidenceLevel II.
The pie‐crusting release of the medial collateral ligament in arthroscopic partial meniscectomy is associated with improved clinical outcomes without altering radiological measurements
Authors: Ercan Niyazi , Arıcan Gökhun , Karaçoban Alp , Alemdaroğlu Kadir Bahadır , İltar Serkan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate how the pie‐crusting technique affects clinical and radiological outcomes in patients undergoing arthroscopic partial meniscectomy.MethodsA total of 68 patients with Kellgren–Lawrence (K‐L) grade 2 who underwent arthroscopic partial meniscectomy between 2015 and 2021 were evaluated and divided into two groups as arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (36 patients) and arthroscopic partial meniscectomy with pie‐crusting (32 patients) according to whether the pie‐crusting technique was applied or not. All patients were evaluated at a minimum 2‐year follow‐up in terms of Lysholm score, Tegner activity score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score. To assess the impact of the pie‐crusting technique, radiological measurements were conducted using radiographs taken before and after pie‐crusting, as well as postoperative radiographs.ResultsLysholm, Tegner, IKDC and VAS scores exhibited statistically significant differences after surgery compared to preoperative evaluations in both groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, these scores were significantly superior in the arthroscopic partial meniscectomy with pie‐crusting group compared to the arthroscopic partial meniscectomy group at 24 months postoperatively (p < 0.05). While the radiological measurements in the arthroscopic partial meniscectomy with pie‐crusting group showed statistically significant differences before and after pie‐crusting (p < 0.05), no significant difference was observed between before pie‐crusting and 12 and 24 months postoperatively (n.s.).ConclusionThe current study is the first to demonstrate the true effectiveness of the pie‐crusting technique. The application of the pie‐crusting technique when necessary results in a statistically significant improvement in clinical scores without affecting radiological measurements for patients undergoing arthroscopic partial meniscectomy compared to not utilising it.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Investigating the Effect of Rheological Parameter Ratios on the Mixing Properties of TPU Blends
Authors: Zheng Yiwen , Wang Jiankang , Wang Chenyang , Li Zhijun , Yang Zuliang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn order to investigate the effect of rheological parameter of blends on mixing performance of dynamic mixers, the flow of virtual material (VM)/thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) with high and low viscosities in it are simulated. The effect of rheological parameter ratios, including zero shear viscosity ratio (η0VM/η0TPU), relaxation time ratio (λVM/λTPU) and non‐Newtonian index ratio (NVM/NTPU) on pressure drop (Δp), segregation scale (S), and power consumption (P) are analyzed using Taguchi Orthogonal Method, and the effects of rotation speed (n) of the rotor and flow rate ratio (QVM/QTPU) are studied using single factor method. The results indicate η0VM/η0TPU is the most significant factor affecting Δp, S, and P. When η0VM/η0TPU = 1, λVM/λTPU = 1, NVM/NTPU = 1, S of blends reach the minimum value. With n increasing, the influences of QVM/QTPU and viscosity of TPU on S are reduced.
Potentially functional genetic variants in interferon regulatory factor family genes are associated with colorectal cancer survival
Authors: Tong Xiaoxia , Li Chenghui , Ma Li , Wu Di , Liu Yonglei , Zhao Liqin , Wang Mengyun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInterferon regulatory factor (IRF) family genes play a critical role in colorectal cancer (CRC) development and impact patient survival. This study evaluated the influence of functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IRF genes on CRC survival, including functional predictions and experimental validations. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified three linked SNPs as significant survival predictors, with the rs141112353 T/T genotype in the 3′UTR region of IRF6 significantly associated with decreased survival (HR = 1.60, P = 6E–04). Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis indicated that the rs141112353 TA > T alteration reduced IRF6 expression. Dual luciferase assays showed lower activity for the T allele in the presence of hsa‐miR‐548ap‐3p. Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and other databases confirmed lower IRF6 levels in CRC tissues, correlating with worse survival and inversely with M2 macrophage infiltration. In vitro, IRF6 overexpression inhibited CRC cell proliferation and M2 macrophage polarization by downregulating MIF expression. These findings suggest that the IRF6 rs141112353 TA > T variant significantly affects CRC survival, potentially by enhancing miR‐548‐ap‐3p binding affinity.
Temporal changes in lengths of Dolphinfish revealed by sampling at sportfishing tournaments in the southeastern United States
Authors: Rudershausen P. J. , Buckel J. A. , Gregory R. , Stilson G. R. , Dukes A. W. , Gooding E. L. , Runde B. J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
Our objective was to use sportfishing tournament data to determine whether sizes of Dolphinfish Coryphaena hippurus have been changing in the western North Atlantic (WNA) over recent decades.

Methods
We sampled North Carolina, South Carolina, and Florida marine sportfishing tournament landings for Dolphinfish lengths. Linear models were separately fitted to length data for males and females by regressing length against year. A subset of these models (analysis of covariance) considered tournament as a factor.

Result
An analysis of covariance model with a separate regression slope for each tournament provided the best fit to the data for male and female Dolphinfish. Meaningful temporal declines in the length of males and females were found for four of the five tournaments (no changes in length were observed for the fifth tournament). Median total length declines of 168, 105, 103, and 426 mm were predicted for males, and declines of 354, 133, 131, and 246 mm were predicted for females. Declines in the largest observed sizes of Dolphinfish (97.5% confidence limit) were found for most tournament- and sex-specific combinations of data and could suggest excess fishing mortality on the population.

Conclusion
Declines in Dolphinfish size in the WNA region could have ramifications for conservation of the population given that these size changes translate into reduced individual fecundity of female Dolphinfish. Causes of the size decline could be fishing effects, environmental effects, or a combination of these. Reductions in individual size may be occurring simultaneously with declines in abundance identified in other recent research using fishery-dependent data collected in the WNA.
The importance of understanding the multiple dimensions of power in stakeholder participation for effective biodiversity conservation
Authors: Lécuyer L. , Balian E. , Butler J. R. A. , Barnaud C. , Calla S. , Locatelli B. , Newig J. , Pettit J. , Pound D. , Quétier F. , Salvatori V. , Von Korff Y. , Young J. C. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Biodiversity conservation are increasingly focused on involving stakeholder engagement, making power a key concept in understanding its success and failure. Power is often conceptualized as unidimensional and coercive, but a multidimensional view better reflects structural power, as well as its productive and enabling potential.

This paper investigates how different dimensions of power in participatory processes affect biodiversity conservation objectives. Six case studies from Europe and Asia‐Pacific were analysed using an adapted framework that explores the interlinkages between ‘power over’ and ‘transformative power’, looking at the scale and space in which power occurs, and analysing in which arenas of power and under which form of expression it appears. The framework distinguishes between the different ways to exert influence (‘power to’, ‘power with’, ‘power within’, ‘power for’), as well as the dynamics of domination and resistance observed in decision‐making (visible power), hidden biases and exclusionary experiences (hidden power), and actions that either reinforce or resist social norms and beliefs (invisible and systematic power).

Focusing on biodiversity, the different arenas of power allow us to go deeper than the surface issues and conflicting interests of diverse participants, regarding for example wildlife, to question underlying power dynamics. Different expressions of power, more specifically the ‘power for’ dimension, allow an understanding of how participants integrate nature and biodiversity in their aspirations. The different levels of power also highlight the need to focus not only on the local level but to analyse how participatory processes are embedded in national, or even international governance in a globalized world. Finally, they shed light on two challenges in participatory processes regarding biodiversity: the representation of non‐human interests (designated here as ‘beyond‐human’ voices), and the integration of multiple forms of knowledge systems.

Synthesis and applications: Integrating power into biodiversity issues involves deconstructing normalized discourses that focus solely on certain more powerful human agents, their interests and scientific knowledge, and creating new narratives, knowledge and embodied practice of learning and action to encompass a wider diversity of voices and views.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Further exploration of cardiac channelopathy and cardiomyopathy genes in stillbirth
Authors: Merc Maja Dolanc , Kotnik Urška , Peterlin Borut , Lovrecic Luca 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo explore genetic variation including whole genome copy number variation and sequence analysis of 98 genes associated with pediatric or adult cardiomyopathies, cardiac channelopathies, and sudden death in an unexplained intrauterine fetal death cohort.MethodsThe study population included 55 stillbirth cases that remained unexplained after thorough postmortem examination, excluding maternal, fetal, and placental causes of stillbirth. Molecular karyotyping was performed in 55 cases and the trio exome sequencing approach was applied in 19 cases.ResultsThe analysis revealed six rare variants with predicted effects on protein function in six genes (CASQ2, DSC2, KCNE1, LDB3, MYH6, and SCN5A) previously reported in cases of stillbirth or severe early onset pediatric cardiac related phenotypes. When applying strict American College of Genetics and Genomics classification guidelines, these are still variants of uncertain significance.ConclusionsSeveral potentially stillbirth‐related genetic variants were detected in our cohort, adding to the growing literature on cardiac phenotype gene variation in stillbirth. However, the mechanisms of action, gene‐gene interaction, and contribution of the uterine environment are still to be deciphered. In order to advance our knowledge of the genetics of unexplained fetal death, there is an evident need for international collaboration and field standardization.
Activation and reaction mechanism of nano‐aluminized explosives under shock wave
Authors: Wang Zhandong , Xiao Chuan , Chen Fang , Wang Shuang , Zhang Liangliang , Chu Qingzhao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo investigate the effect of aluminum (Al) nanoparticles on the energy release mechanism of high explosives, a comprehensive analysis was conducted on the mechanical response and chemical reaction mechanism of pure 1,3,5‐Trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazinane (RDX) and nano‐aluminized RDX across varying particle velocities using molecular dynamics simulation. The simulation results show that the velocity of the shock wave which is formed in the explosive increases as the velocity of the particle increases. Notably, detonation was absent when the particle velocity was below 3 km/s, but prominently observed beyond this threshold, accompanied by a diminishing delay in reaction time for aluminum particles as particle velocity increased. After detonation, a localized pressure reduction behind aluminum particles was observed, elucidating the diminished detonation efficacy of aluminized explosives. Furthermore, the introduction of aluminum particles led to a deceleration in the RDX reaction rate, with the emergence of aluminum atomic clusters highlighting previously overlooked gas‐phase reactions that necessitate inclusion in detonation modeling for aluminized explosives.
Mechanism of hot‐spot formation of emulsion explosives sensitized by hydrogen‐storage glass microballoons
Authors: Wang Yixin , Ma Honghao , Shen Zhaowu , Chen Jiping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn order to investigate the primary factors influencing hot‐spot formation in emulsion explosives sensitized by hydrogen‐storage glass microballoons (GMBs), we conducted impact calculations on hydrogen‐storage GMBs. The calculations focused on tracking two main mechanisms: the brittle collapse of GMBs and the adiabatic compression of internal gas. Various parameters were considered, including loading pressures, initial porosities, gas types, and initial gas pressures. Our findings indicate that the contribution of brittle collapse to hot‐spot formation is negligible, while adiabatic compression emerges as the predominant intrinsic mechanism for hot‐spot ignition in GMB‐sensitized emulsion explosives. Moreover, we observed that the ignition time remains similar for low‐pressure nitrogen and high‐pressure hydrogen. The addition of hydrogen does not result in an increased number of hot‐spots; however, it elevates the energy of each individual hot‐spot, thereby enhancing power delivery. Optimal selection of GMB size is crucial for hot‐spot formation and hydrogen storage. GMBs that are excessively large are prone to shell breakage, while overly small GMBs have limited hydrogen storage capacity. GMBs within the size range of 20 μm to 100 μm are deemed more suitable for emulsion explosives.
Structural insights into the role of deleterious mutations at the dimeric interface of Toll‐like receptor interferon‐β related adaptor protein
Authors: Verma Shailya , Menon Revathy , Sowdhamini Ramanathan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractToll‐like receptors (TLRs) are major players in the innate immune system—recognizing pathogens and differentiating self/non‐self components of immunity. These proteins are present either on the plasma membrane or endosome and recognize pathogens at their extracellular domains. They are characterized by a single transmembrane helix and an intracellular toll‐interleukin‐1 receptor (TIR) domain. Few TIRs directly invoke downstream signaling, while others require other TIR domains of adaptors like TIR domain‐containing adaptor‐inducing interferon‐β (TRIF) and TRIF‐related adaptor molecule (TRAM). On recognizing pathogenic lipopolysaccharides, TLR4 dimerises and interacts with the intracellular TRAM dimer through the TIR domain to recruit a downstream signaling adaptor (TRIF). We have performed an in‐depth study of the structural effect of two mutations (P116H and C117H) at the dimeric interface of the adaptor TRAM, which are known to abrogate downstream signaling. We modeled the structure and performed molecular dynamics studies in order to decipher the structural basis of this effect. We observed that these mutations led to an increased radius of gyration of the complex and resulted in several changes to the interaction energy values when compared against the wild type (WT) and positive control mutants. We identified highly interacting residues as hubs in the WT dimer, and a few such hubs that were lost in the mutant dimers. Changes in the protein residue path, hampering the information flow between the crucial A86/E87/D88/D89 and T155/S156 sites, were observed for the mutants. Overall, we show that such residue changes can have subtle but long‐distance effects, impacting the signaling path allosterically.
Beliefs, Behaviours, and Attitudes Towards Tanning and Melanoma in the Irish Population
Authors: Gallagher Catriona , O’Connor Cathal , Gilhooley Eimear , Bourke John , Murphy Michelle 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
The incidence of melanoma continues to rise in Ireland. Skin cancer prevention campaigns rely on promoting knowledge to improve sun-related behaviour.

Objectives
To explore beliefs, behaviours, and attitudes towards tanning, and confidence in identifying signs of melanoma in the Irish population.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was performed via an online questionnaire, with questions related to tanning, sun exposure, and skin cancer behaviours. Respondents were recruited according to gender, age and geographic region.

Results
The questionnaire was completed by 1043 respondents (response rate 85%). Mean age was 41 years (range 20–72 years). Participants had mixed awareness of risk reduction strategies for melanoma but had high perceived concerns about developing melanoma. However, 48.9% regularly sunbathed when sunny in Ireland and 41.5% had used tanning beds. The most common reason for not photoprotecting while sunbathing was because it prevented tanning. Nearly half (45.9%) of those who sunbathed agreed that it was worth getting sunburned to get a tan, and 69.4% reported feeling and looking better with a tan. Less than half (42.4%) felt confident about what to look for when checking their skin for melanoma.

Conclusions
This study underscores the importance of addressing the cultural and aesthetic aspects of sun-tanning behaviour in skin cancer prevention efforts, as well as increasing awareness of skin cancer signs and self-examination. Further research into the potential addictive nature of UV-seeking behaviour may offer new avenues for intervention and support for individuals who are addicted to tanning.
Understanding and Treating Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Insights into the Role of Cutaneous Microbiota and Innovative Therapies
Authors: Norton Paul , Trus Pavlos , Wang Fengyi , Thornton M. Julie , Chang Chien-Yi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Notoriously known as the silent pandemic, chronic, non-healing diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), pose a significant rate of incidence for amputation and are a major cause of morbidity. Alarmingly, the treatment and management strategies of chronic wounds represent a significant economic and health burden as well as a momentous drain on resources with billions per annum being spent in the US and UK alone. Defective wound healing is a major pathophysiological condition which propagates an acute wound to a chronic wound, further propelled by underlying conditions such as diabetes and vascular complications which are more prevalent amongst the elderly. Chronic wounds are prone to infection, which can exacerbate the condition, occasionally resulting in amputation for the patient, despite the intervention of modern therapies. However, amputation can only yield a 5-year survival rate for 50% of patients, highlighting the need for new treatments for chronic wounds.

Findings
The dynamic cutaneous microbiota is comprised of diverse microorganisms that often aid wound healing. Conversely, the chronic wound microbiome consists of a combination of common skin commensals such as Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, as well as the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These bacteria have been identified as the most prevalent bacterial pathogens isolated from chronic wounds and contribute to prolific biofilm formation decreasing the efficiency of antimicrobials and further perpetuating a hyper-inflammatory state.

Discussion and Conclusion
Here, we review recent advances and provide a new perspective on alternative treatments including phage and microbiome transplant therapies and how the definitive role of the cutaneous microbiota impacts the aetiology of DFUs.
I Single‐Atom Doped P‐Rich CoPn Nanocluster@CoP with Enhanced HER
Authors: Wang Haipeng , Zhang Chao , Zhang Delu , Jiang Lulu , Gao Yongsheng , Zhuang Tao , Lv Zhiguo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractConstructing I single‐atom (ISA) doped CoP electrocatalyst for HER is extremely challenging and has not been reported to date. Herein, an ISA doping‐phosphatization strategy is proposed to prepare a novel I single‐atom doped P‐rich CoPn nanocluster@CoP electrocatalyst (ISA‐CoPn/CoP) with enhanced HER performance first. ISA‐CoPn/CoP shows a low overpotential of only 44 and 81 mV in 0.5 m H2SO4 solution, to drive a current density of 10 and 100 mA cm−2. ISA and P‐rich CoPn nanocluster show unique synergies, which can optimize the H adsorption energy and accelerate the kinetics of HER in the CoP system. The intermediate I─H bond vibration peak is directly observed through in situ Raman testing, demonstrating that ISA doping helps accelerate the HER process. Additionally, the ΔGH of ISA‐CoPn/CoP is only 0.05 eV by density functional theory (DFT) calculation, which is conducive to H2 evolution.