bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Use and Barriers to STI Point-of-care Tests for Military Obstetrician Gynecologists
Authors: Brown Jill E , Hudson Kayla M , Rompalo Anne M , Gaydos Charlotte A 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are commonly reported in military populations. Point-of-care tests (POCTs) are commercially available, but their use is variable in the civilian sector. Their use among military providers has not been evaluated. We sought to identify the pattern of use and barriers to using STI POCTs for military obstetrician/gynecologists (OBGYNs).

Materials and Methods
We adapted a survey of civilian OBGYNs on patterns of use and barriers to STI POCTs for military OBGYNs. We sent an online questionnaire to 479 military OBGYNs via Army, Air Force, and Navy specialty leaders in May 2023. The questionnaire included 14 demographic questions and up to 52 questions regarding availability, use, and barriers to STI POCTs. The USU Institutional Review Board deemed the study exempt from Institutional Review Board review.

Results
Of the 479 solicited, 117 participated in the survey (24.4%). Of respondents, 64.1% were women and 79.5% non-Hispanic white. Sexually transmitted infections were detected once to twice weekly by 13.0% of respondents and once or twice monthly by 52.8%. The most available STI-related POCTs were wet mount prep (68.7%), rapid HIV (43.3%), and urine dipstick (38.6%). Gram stain was available for 30.3%, the Affirm VPIII (Becton, Dickinson and Company, Franklin Lakes, NJ) for 24.5%, and stat RPR for 16.3%. Economic barriers to using POCTs included cost of the test from manufacturer/distributor (57.9%) and military funding/stocking decisions (10.3%). The greatest barriers to use were the purchasing of an instrument (60.8%) and the interruption to workflow in clinic (57.8%).

Conclusions
Military OBGYNs rely on several STI-related POCTs. Economic factors and interruption to workflow were cited as the most significant barriers to using POCTs for military OBGYNs. Test cost and impact on workflow should be considered in future development and procurement of POCTs for the Military Health System.
Three-dimensional GRMHD simulations of rapidly rotating stellar core collapse
Authors: Shibagaki Shota , Kuroda Takami , Kotake Kei , Takiwaki Tomoya , Fischer Tobias 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
We present results from fully general relativistic (GR), three-dimensional (3D), neutrino-radiation magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of stellar core collapse of a 20 M⊙ star with spectral neutrino transport. Our focus is to study the gravitational-wave (GW) signatures from the magnetorotationally (MR)-driven models. By parametrically changing the initial angular velocity and the strength of the magnetic fields in the core, we compute four models. Among our models, only those with cores having an initial magnetic field strength of 1012 G and rotation rates of 1 or 2 rad s−1 produce MHD jets. Seen from the direction perpendicular to the rotational axis, a characteristic waveform is obtained exhibiting a monotonic time increase in the wave amplitude. As previously identified, this stems from the propagating MHD outflows along the axis. We show that the GW amplitude from anisotropic neutrino emission becomes more than one order-of-magnitude bigger than that from the matter contribution, whereas seen from the rotational axis, both of the two components are in the same order-of-magnitudes. Due to the memory effect, the frequency of the neutrino GW from our full-fledged 3D-MHD models is in the range less than ∼10 Hz. Toward the future GW detection for a Galactic core-collapse supernova, if driven by the MR mechanism, the planned next-generation detector as DECIGO is urgently needed to catch the low-frequency signals.
A pan-TE map highlights transposable elements underlying domestication and agronomic traits in Asian rice
Authors: Li Xiaoxia , Dai Xiaofan , He Huiying , Lv Yang , Yang Longbo , He Wenchuang , Liu Congcong , Wei Hua , Liu Xiangpei , Yuan Qiaoling , Wang Xianmeng , Wang Tianyi , Zhang Bintao , Zhang Hong , Chen Wu , Leng Yue , Yu Xiaoman , Qian Hongge , Zhang Bin , Guo Mingliang , Zhang Zhipeng , Shi Chuanlin , Zhang Qianqian , Cui Yan , Xu Qiang , Cao Xinglan , Chen Dandan , Zhou Yongfeng , Qian Qian , Shang Lianguang 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Transposable elements (TEs) are ubiquitous genomic components and hard to study due to being highly repetitive. Here we assembled 232 chromosome-level genomes based on long-read sequencing data. Coupling the 232 genomes with 15 existing assemblies, we developed a pan-TE map comprising both cultivated and wild Asian rice. We detected 177 084 high-quality TE variations and inferred their derived state using outgroups. We found TEs were one source of phenotypic variation during rice domestication and differentiation. We identified 1246 genes whose expression variation was associated with TEs but not single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), such as OsRbohB, and validated OsRbohB’s relative expression activity using a dual-Luciferase (LUC) reporter assays system. Our pan-TE map allowed us to detect multiple novel loci associated with agronomic traits. Collectively, our findings highlight the contributions of TEs to domestication, differentiation and agronomic traits in rice, and there is massive potential for gene cloning and molecular breeding by the high-quality Asian pan-TE map we generated.
Dolutegravir Resistance in African Programmatic Settings Among Patients With Failure of Dolutegravir-based ART
Authors: Murphy Richard A , Bedesi Pradeep H , Perumal Nirmala , Gosnell Bernadett I , Hatlen Timothy J , Brijkumar Jaysingh 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Dolutegravir resistance is emerging in routine clinical contexts in southern Africa, primarily in patients with prior treatment experience failing dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy (ART). This potential issue was raised by The Nucleosides and Darunavir/Dolutegravir in Africa trial that compared dolutegravir and boosted protease inhibitor–based therapy as second-line ART, in which new dolutegravir resistance was observed at failure. However, recent data suggest that also at risk are patients who were transitioned to dolutegravir from non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor–based ART while viremic. Identifying patients experiencing failure of dolutegravir with resistance will be difficult given current gaps in viral load monitoring and limited capacity for genotypic resistance testing. As a result, in the short term, most patients affected will go unrecognized, with particularly important implications for patients affected who have advanced HIV or who are pregnant/breastfeeding. Prospective research is needed to understand the scope of the problem, identify additional risk factors, and determine best management. In the short term, for most patients with dolutegravir resistance and prior non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor exposure, the best option will be a timely switch to a regimen anchored by a boosted protease inhibitor, with a high genetic barrier to resistance.
Metastatic extraneural glioblastoma diagnosed with molecular testing
Authors: Majd Nazanin K , Vo Henry Hiep , Moran Cesar A , Weathers Shiao-Pei , Song I-Wen , Williford Garret L , Rodon Jordi , Fu Siqing , Tsimberidou Apostolia-Maria 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Glioblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor in adults, is associated with a median overall survival duration of less than 2 years. Extraneural metastases occur in less than 1% of all patients with glioblastoma. The mechanism of extraneural metastasis is unclear. We present a case of extensive extraneural, extraosseous, epidural, and soft-tissue metastasis of glioblastoma. The diagnosis of metastatic glioblastoma was made only after next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the metastatic paraspinal lesions was completed. The CDK4, pTERT, PTEN, and TP53 molecular alterations seen in the initial intracranial glioblastoma were found in the paraspinal tumor, along with the addition of MYC, which is implicated in angiogenesis and epidermal-to-mesenchymal transition. Immunohistochemical stains showed that neoplastic cells were negative for GFAP. In conclusion, this case raises awareness about the role of NGS in the diagnosis of extraneural glioblastoma. This diagnosis was not possible with histology alone and only became evident after molecular profiling of the metastatic lesions and its comparison to the original tumor.
Development of a rapamycin-inducible protein-knockdown system in the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae
Authors: Fujiwara Takayuki , Hirooka Shunsuke , Yamashita Shota , Yagisawa Fumi , Miyagishima Shin-ya 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
An inducible protein-knockdown system is highly effective for investigating the functions of proteins and mechanisms essential for the survival and growth of organisms. However, this technique is not available in photosynthetic eukaryotes. The unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae possesses a very simple cellular and genomic architecture and is genetically tractable but lacks RNA interference machinery. In this study, we developed a protein-knockdown system in this alga. The constitutive system utilizes the destabilizing activity of the FK506-binding protein 12 (FKBP12)-rapamycin-binding (FRB) domain of human target of rapamycin kinase or its derivatives to knock down target proteins. In the inducible system, rapamycin treatment induces the heterodimerization of the human FRB domain fused to the target proteins with the human FKBP fused to S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 or Cullin 1, subunits of the SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase. This results in the rapid degradation of the target proteins through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. With this system, we successfully degraded endogenous essential proteins such as the chloroplast division protein dynamin-related protein 5B and E2 transcription factor, a regulator of the G1/S transition, within 2 to 3 h after rapamycin administration, enabling the assessment of resulting phenotypes. This rapamycin-inducible protein-knockdown system contributes to the functional analysis of genes whose disruption leads to lethality.
TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 regulates high-intensity blue light-induced phototropism by reducing CRYPTOCHROME1 levels
Authors: Wang Yu-xi , Zhao Qing-ping , Zhu Jin-dong , Chu Fang-yuan , Fu Xiang-lin , Li Xing-kun , Ding Mei-chen , Liu Yan-fei , Wu Qi-qi , Xue Lin-lin , Xin Guang-yuan , Zhao Xiang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The asymmetrical distribution of auxin supports high intensity blue light (HBL)-mediated phototropism. Flavonoids, secondary metabolites induced by blue light and TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1), alter auxin transport. However, the role of TTG1 in HBL-induced phototropism in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) remains unclear. We found that TTG1 regulates HBL-mediated phototropism. HBL-induced degradation of CRYPTOCHROME 1 (CRY1) was repressed in ttg1-1, and depletion of CRY1 rescued the phototropic defects of the ttg1-1 mutant. Moreover, overexpression of CRY1 in a cry1 mutant background led to phototropic defects in response to HBL. These results indicated that CRY1 is involved in the regulation of TTG1-mediated phototropism in response to HBL. Further investigation showed that TTG1 physically interacts with CRY1 via its N-terminus and that the added TTG1 promotes the dimerization of CRY1. The interaction between TTG1 and CRY1 may promote HBL-mediated degradation of CRY1. TTG1 also physically interacted with blue light inhibitor of cryptochrome 1 (BIC1) and Light-Response Bric-a-Brack/Tramtrack/Broad 2 (LRB2), and these interactions either inhibited or promoted their interaction with CRY1. Exogenous gibberellins (GA) and auxins, two key plant hormones that crosstalk with CRY1, may confer the recovery of phototropic defects in the ttg1-1 mutant and CRY1-overexpressing plants. Our results revealed that TTG1 participates in the regulation of HBL-induced phototropism by modulating CRY1 levels, which are coordinated with GA or IAA signaling.
Anti-FHL1 autoantibodies in adult patients with myositis: a longitudinal follow-up analysis
Authors: Galindo-Feria Angeles S , Lodin Karin , Horuluoglu Begum , Sarrafzadeh-Zargar Sepehr , Wigren Edvard , Gräslund Susanne , Danielsson Olof , Wahren-Herlenius Marie , Dastmalchi Maryam , Lundberg Ingrid E ,   SweMyoNet Consortium, Mohammad Aladdin J , Leonard Dag , Sjöwall Christopher , Husmark Thomas , Ask Malin , Puksic Silva , Lappas Theodoros , Hanna Balsam 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To determine prevalence and clinical associations of anti-Four-and-a-half-LIM-domain 1 (FHL1) autoantibodies in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) and to evaluate autoantibody levels over time.

Methods
Sera at the time of diagnosis from patients with IIM (n = 449), autoimmune disease controls (DC, n = 130), neuromuscular diseases (NMDs, n = 16) and healthy controls (HC, n = 100) were analysed for anti-FHL1 autoantibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Patients with IIM FHL1+ and FHL1− were included in a longitudinal analysis. Serum levels were correlated to disease activity.

Results
Autoantibodies to FHL1 were more frequent in patients with IIM (122/449, 27%) compared with DC (autoimmune DC and NMD, 13/146, 9%, P &lt; 0.001) and HC (3/100.3%, P &lt; 0.001). Anti-FHL1 levels were higher in IIM [median (IQR)=0.62 (0.15–1.04)] in comparison with DC [0.22 (0.08–0.58)], HC [0.35 (0.23–0.47)] and NMD [0.48 (0.36–0.80)] P &lt; 0.001. Anti-FHL1+ patients with IIM were younger at the time of diagnosis compared with the anti-FHL1− group (P = 0.05) and were seronegative for other autoantibodies in 25%.
In the first follow-up, anti-FHL1+ sample 20/33 (60%) positive at baseline had turned negative for anti-FHL1 autoantibodies. Anti-FHL1 autoantibodies rarely appeared after initiating treatment. Anti-FHL1 autoantibody levels correlated with CK (r = 0.62, P= 0.01), disease activity measured using the Myositis Disease Activity Assessment Tool (MYOACT) (n = 14, P = 0.004) and inversely with Manual Muscle Test-8 (r = −0.59, P = 0.02) at baseline.

Conclusion
Anti-FHL1 autoantibodies were present in 27% of patients with IIM; of these, 25% were negative for other autoantibodies. Other autoimmune diseases had lower frequencies and levels. Anti-FHL1 levels often decreased with immunosuppressive treatment, correlated with disease activity measures at diagnosis and rarely appeared after start of treatment.
First- and Second-Generation Women’s Economic Assimilation: An Analysis of Longitudinal Earnings Records
Authors: Villarreal Andrés , Tamborini Christopher R 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Research on the economic assimilation of immigrants and their descendants has disproportionately focused on men. In this study, we examine the life-course employment and earnings trajectories of first- and second-generation women using a restricted-use dataset linking individual respondents of the Current Population Survey (CPS) to their tax earnings records. We compare the age-specific probability of employment and annual earnings of women of each immigrant generation by race and ethnicity from early to middle adulthood covering a span of 20 years. We consider alternative explanations for observed disparities including differences in the level of education and the timing and response to childbearing. Our analyses reveal distinct patterns across immigrant generations and ethnoracial groups. We find that first- and second-generation women are assimilating economically at a fast pace although significant ethnoracial differences remain. First-generation Hispanic women in particular experience low employment and earnings growth. Second-generation women have higher employment rates than later-generation Whites and avoid the dip in employment trajectories in early and middle adulthood experienced by the latter group. The higher employment rates of second-generation women cannot be fully explained by differences in educational attainment or the presence of young children.
Disruption of central and peripheral circadian clocks and circadian controlled estrogen receptor rhythms in night shift nurses in working environments
Authors: Yang Zhenning , Black Kathleen , Ohman‐Strickland Pamela , Graber Judith M. , Kipen Howard M. , Fang Mingzhu , Zarbl Helmut 
Published: June 2024

AbstractChronic disruption of circadian rhythms by night shift work is associated with an increased breast cancer risk. However, little is known about the impact of night shift on peripheral circadian genes (CGs) and circadian‐controlled genes (CCGs) associated with breast cancer. Hence, we assessed central clock markers (melatonin and cortisol) in plasma, and peripheral CGs (PER1, PER2, PER3, and BMAL1) and CCGs (ESR1 and ESR2) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In day shift nurses (n = 12), 24‐h rhythms of cortisol and melatonin were aligned with day shift‐oriented light/dark schedules. The mRNA expression of PER2, PER3, BMAL1, and ESR2 showed 24‐h rhythms with peak values in the morning. In contrast, night shift nurses (n = 10) lost 24‐h rhythmicity of cortisol with a suppressed morning surge but retained normal rhythmic patterns of melatonin, leading to misalignment between cortisol and melatonin. Moreover, night shift nurses showed disruption of rhythmic expressions of PER2, PER3, BMAL1, and ESR2 genes, resulting in an impaired inverse correlation between PER2 and BMAL1 compared to day shift nurses. The observed trends of disrupted circadian markers were recapitulated in additional day (n = 20) and night (n = 19) shift nurses by measurement at early night and midnight time points. Taken together, this study demonstrated the misalignment of cortisol and melatonin, associated disruption of PER2 and ESR2 circadian expressions, and internal misalignment in peripheral circadian network in night shift nurses. Morning plasma cortisol and PER2, BMAL1, and ESR2 expressions in PBMCs may therefore be useful biomarkers of circadian disruption in shift workers.
Reducing Lung Injury from Blind Insertion of Small-Bore Feeding Tubes
Authors: Jahn Teresa , Overgaard Jenelle , Mondloch Mallory , Plante Elizabeth , Burris Jennifer , Suresh Mithun , Berndt Jodi 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Using a blind insertion technique to insert small-bore feeding tubes can result in inadvertent placement in the lungs, leading to lung perforation and even mortality. In a Magnet-designated, 500-bed, level 2 trauma center, two serious patient safety events occurred in a four-week period due to nurses blindly inserting a small-bore feeding tube. A patient safety event review team convened and conducted an assessment of reported small-bore feeding tube insertion events that occurred between March 2019 and July 2021. The review revealed six lung perforations over this two-year period. These events prompted the creation of a multidisciplinary team to evaluate alternative small-bore feeding tube insertion practices. The team reviewed the literature and evaluated several evidence-based small-bore feeding tube placement methods, including placement with fluoroscopy, a two-step X-ray, electromagnetic visualization, and capnography. After the evaluation, capnography was selected as the most effective method to mitigate the complications of blind insertion. In this article, the authors describe a quality improvement project involving the implementation of capnography-guided small-bore feeding tube placement to reduce complications and the incidence of lung perforation. Since the completion of the project, which took place from December 13, 2021, through April 18, 2022, no lung injuries or perforations have been reported. Capnography is a relatively simple, noninvasive, and cost-effective technology that provides nurses with a means to safely and effectively insert small-bore feeding tubes, decrease the incidence of adverse events, and improve patient care.
Parent-patient Discrepancies in the Quality of Life Assessment of Early-onset Scoliosis: A Comparison Between 2 Questionnaires Completed on 2 Different Time Points – A Preliminary Report
Authors: Goker Barlas , Beydemir Ataberk , Kinikli Gizem Irem , Yavuz Yasemin , Ramazanov Rafik , Demirkiran Halil Gokhan , Yazici Muharrem 
Published: June 2024

Background:
EOSQ-24 is a parent proxy questionnaire designed to assess the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of early-onset scoliosis (EOS) patients during their childhood years. EOSQ-SELF, a novel self-reported questionnaire, assesses HRQoL in older children (>8 y) and adolescents. So far, the same group of EOS patients has not been evaluated with both EOSQ-24 and EOSQ-SELF. The aim of this study was to evaluate how the same pathology was reflected in the parent and patient at different time points by comparing the answers to the common questions between EOSQ-24 and EOSQ-SELF.

Methods:
A group of otherwise healthy EOS patients whose parents filled out EOSQ-24 at the early phase of growth-friendly treatment was re-tested by the EOSQ-SELF questionnaire at the end of treatment. Both EOSQ-24 and EOSQ-SELF are validated in Turkish. Inclusion criteria were patients with EOS, independent ambulation, age of 8 years or older at EOSQ-SELF enrollment, literacy in Turkish, no apparent intellectual impairment, and a minimum of 24 months after graduation. The common questions between the 2 surveys with nearly identical phrasings were extracted. Common items from the 2 tests were compared with a Wilcoxon signed rank test.

Results:
Twenty-one patients (15 females, 6 males) who previously filled out EOSQ-24 met the inclusion criteria. The mean age of the group was 10 (5 to 16) years at EOSQ-24 participation and 18 (13 to 24) at the final analysis. Fourteen questions were found common in 10 domains. The scores were significantly different in 5 questions of 4 domains. EOSQ-SELF had significantly less favorable scores in the pain/discomfort, pulmonary function, and fatigue/energy level domains. Scores in the parental burden/relationships domain were significantly higher (P<0.05).

Conclusions:
The self-reported group had a general trend of worse results. Parents and caregivers may not accurately perceive the problems of EOS patients. Our findings indicate a disconnect between caregivers and the patients, as both parties underreported the other side in some domains. These findings suggest the challenges faced by EOS patients are not adequately reflected on proxy questionnaires that assess the HRQoL of children.

Level of Evidence:
Diagnostic Level I
Rambam Hospital Protocol for Treatment of Early Stages of Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease
Authors: Eidelman Mark , Keshet Doron , Abu-Dalu Khaled , Rinott Nadav , Kotlarsky Pavel 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
The treatment of Leg-Calve-Perthes Disease (LCPD) is an orthopedic enigma without consensus in the literature. Despite all efforts, coxa breva with overgrowth of the greater trochanter (GT) is commonly present in many patients. In 2013, we introduced a protocol that included transepiphyseal drilling of the femoral head, closure of the GT, adductor tenotomy, and 4 months of non–weight-bearing on the affected leg. The purpose of this study was to evaluate midterm results in patients treated by our protocol.

Methods:
Over 11 years, we treated 31 patients with LCPD. Average age was 7.1 (range 5 to 10) years. We divided all patients into 2 groups: group A included 18 patients in early fragmentation stage, group B contained 12 patients in late fragmentation and one in reossification stage. All patients underwent the same treatment protocol as described.

Results:
Mean follow-up was 52 months. All patients had a limp before surgery. At the latest follow-up, 22 had no limp, and 23 had substantial improvement in hip range of motion. In group A, 12 patients had Stulberg type 1, 5 Stulberg 2, and 1 Stulberg type 3. In group B, 1 patient had Stulberg type 2, 9 patients had Stulberg type 4, and 3 patients had Stulberg type 5.

Conclusions:
On the basis of our experience, the proposed protocol can be effective in the treatment of the early fragmentation stage of LCPD.