bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stable Expression and Functional Characterization of the Cloned Rat μ‐opioid Receptor in Human Epidermoid Carcinoma (A431) Cells*
Authors: Ammer H. , Schulz R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryRegulation of intracellular cAMP levels serves as a cellular model for chronic drug action. Since the adenylate cyclase effector system is under dual control of both stimulatory as well as inhibitory receptor systems, a permanent cell line was created in order to allow evaluation of acute and chronic opioid effects on stimulatory receptor function. For this purpose, the cloned rat μ‐opioid receptor was stably expressed in human epidermoid carcinoma (A431) cells, which carries high levels of endogenous β2‐adrenoceptors. Four out of 16 cell clones were found to express considerable amounts of [3H]diprenorphine binding sites and were further characterized. Scatchard analysis of saturation binding data revealed maximal binding capacities (Bmax) between 242.2 ± 11 and 1,271.8 ± 221 fmol/mg of membrane protein, whereas drug affinity was found similar among all cell clones tested (Kd= 1.4 ± 0.2 nM). The expressed μ‐receptors also mediated agonist inhibition of adenylate cyclase, indicating that these receptors are functionally coupled to intracellular signalling pathways. Long‐term exposure of the cells to morphine (10 μM; 2 days) produced cellular correlates of chronic opioid action as displayed by both a decrease in the maximal degree of adenylate cyclase inhibition (tolerance) as well as an increase in overall effector activity (dependence). Thus, based on these parameters, μ‐opioid receptor expressing A431 cells provide a promising tool to investigate cellular mechanisms of chronic drug action.
Prophylaktische Wirkung von spezifischen Dotterantikörpern beiEscherichia coliK88 (F4)‐bedingten Durchfallerkrankungen von Absatzferkeln*
Authors: Erhard M. H. , Bergmann J. , Renner M. , Hofmann A. , Heinritzi K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryProphylactic effect of specific egg yolk antibodies in diarrhea of weaned piglets caused by Escherichia coli K88 (F4)In this study, the protective effect of specific egg yolk antibodies on diarrhea caused byEscherichia coliK88 (F4) was investigated with 179 weaning piglets in a double‐blind field trial. The piglets were divided into three groups. The antibody group received egg powder with specific antibodies toE. coliK88, K99, 987P, and rotavirus, while one control group was fed with egg powder without specific antibodies and a second control group received no egg powder at all. The piglets were fedad libitum.The egg powder was offered in a 5% feed ration. Compared with the control groups, the piglets of the antibody group showed significant differences (P < 0.05,X2‐test) in the parameters rate of diarrhea (17.2%) (antibody group) to 60.7% (control egg group) or 56.7% (control group without egg powder), severity of symptoms (5.2–39.3% or 26.7%) and frequency of additional treatments (8.6–55.7% or 51.7%). Because of the additional treatments, no difference could be found in body‐weight gain. In control groups, three piglets died, while no pigs died in the antibody group.ZusammenfassungIn der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde bei 179 Absatzferkeln die prophylaktische Wirkung von spezifischen Dotterantikörpern aufEscherichia coliK88‐bedingte Durchfallerkrankungen in einem Doppelblindversuch überprüft. Die Absatzferkel wurden in drei Gruppen eingeteilt. Die Ak‐Pulver‐Gruppe erhielt Volleipulver mit spezifischen Antikörpern gegenE. coliK88, K99 und 987P sowie Rotaviren, während eine Kontrollgruppe Volleipulver ohne spezifische Antikörper (Ko‐Pulver‐Gruppe) und eine weitere Kontrollgruppe (Kontroll‐Gruppe) kein Eipulver bekam. Die Eipulver wurden jeweils in einer 5%igen Zumischung den Ferkelnad libitumangeboten. Im Vergleich zu den Kontrollgruppen zeigten die Ferkel der Ak‐Pulver‐Gruppe signifikante Unterschiede (P < 0,05,X2‐Test) bei den Parametern Durchfallinzidenz (17,2% (Ak‐Pulver‐Gruppe) zu 60,7% (Ko‐Pulver‐Gruppe) bzw. 56,7% (Kontroll‐Gruppe), Auftreten von Störungen des Allgemeinbefindens (5,2–39,3% bzw. 26,7%) und Anzahl der zusätzlich notwendigen Therapiemaßnahmen (8,6–55,7% bzw. 51,7%). Aufgrund der zusätzlichen Behandlungen war die Körpergewichtsentwicklung unbeeinflußt. In den Kontrollgruppen starben drei Ferkel, während in der Antikörper‐Gruppe keine Verluste zu verzeichnen waren.
Freundsches komplettes Adjuvans beim Huhn: effiziente Immunstimulation bei gravierender lokaler inflammatorischer Reaktion*
Authors: Wanke R. , Schmidt P. , Erhard M. H. , Messing A. Sprick‐Sanjose , Stangassinger M. , Schmahl M. , Hermanns W. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryFreund's Complete Adjuvant in the Chicken: Efficient Immunostimulation but Severe Local InflammationTo quantify the enhancing activity of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), the humoral immune response of hens to the antigen human serum albumin (HSA) injected intramuscularly combined with FCA was measured. Local tissue reaction was examined on macroscopic and microscopic level. Other hens were injected with HSA in physiological sodium‐chloride solution and served as controls. The immunization of hens without using FCA resulted in a short‐term rise in immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titres, while the hens injected with HSA and FCA developed a long‐term response (plateau‐form of antibody titres). Local tissue reaction after injection of HSA in sodium‐chloride solution was a mild and transient form of interstitial myositis. The immunization with HSA combined with FCA regularly resulted in a persisting granulomatous myositis. It is therefore a matter of animal protection to demand restricted use of FCA and to promote adjuvants of comparable efficiency, but better tolerance.ZusammenfassungIn der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die humorale Immunantwort von Hühnern gegenüber dem intramuskulär in Kombination mit Freundschem komplettem Adjuvans (FCA) verabreichten Antigen humanes Serumalbumin (HSA) quantifiziert und lokale Gewebereaktionen auf makroskopischer und lichtmikroskopischer Ebene untersucht. Zum Vergleich wurde HSA in physiologischer Kochsalzlösung appliziert. Die Immunisierung von Hühnern ohne FCA führte zu zeitlich sehr begrenzten IgG‐Antikörpertitern. Die Verwendung von FCA bei der Immunisierung mit HSA resultierte in der Ausbildung eines langanhaltenden, hohen Antikörpertiter‐Plateaus. Die lokale Gewebereaktion nach Immunisierung mit HSA in physiologischer Kochsalzlösung war durch eine vorübergehende geringgradige interstitielle Myositis gekennzeichnet. Die Immunisierung unter Verwendung von FCA hatte regelmäßig die Entwicklung einer persistierenden granulomatösen Myositis zur Folge. Uinter dem Aspekt des Tierschutzes ist deshalb zu fordern, auf die Verwendung von FCA soweit als möglich zu verzichten und stattdessen besser verträgliche aber vergleichbar effiziente Adjuvantien zu entwickeln und einzusetzen.
Antinuclear Antibodies in Dogs with Leishmaniasis
Authors: Lucena R. , Ginel P. J. , Lopez R. , Novales M. , Martin E. , Molleda J. M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAn indirect immunofluorescence method using rat liver as material was developed to determine the incidence of antinuclear antibodies in serum from 44 adult dogs naturally infected with leishmaniasis and, for comparative purposes, in a control group of 30 healthy dogs. Animals in both groups were of different breeds with a similar age distribution. Antinuclear antibodies were not detected in the healthy dogs and only 15.9% of the diseased dogs, 12.0% males and 21.1% females, were positive. The results indicate that in contrast to previously reported figures, the incidence of antinuclear antibodies is low in canine leishmaniasis at least when diagnosis is first made.In order to investigate whether antinuclear antibodies may play a role in the development of the renal damage observed in canine leishmaniasis, the concentrations of serum creatinine were related to the presence of antinuclear antibodies. Only 28.5% of the antinuclear antibodies positive infected dogs showed hypercreatininemia as did 32.4% of the antinuclear antibodies negative infected dogs. Thus, antinuclear antibodies are not significantly cause‐effect related to the development of the renal lesions seen in canine leishmaniasis.
Evaluation of Bulk Milk Analyses of Acetone, Urea, and the Fat‐Lactose‐Quotient as Diagnostic Aids in Preventive Veterinary Medicine
Authors: Steen A. , østerås O. , Grønstøl H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of additional acetone and urea analyses to the established milk quality system (protein, fat, lactose, and somatic cell count) in bulk milk samples twice a month. Samples were obtained from 44/93 herds in a lowland/highland area. When ranging herds with most acetone values over 0.24 mmol/1 (90th percentile), only two out of 10 herds would be on a corresponding list when ranged for highest ketosis treatment incidence. Most high acetone values occur after periods with concentrated calvings, but also in periods without calvings, presumably because of feeding with inferior silage high in butyric acid.Milk fat concentration, milk lactose concentration and the interaction term between these, the fat‐lactose‐quotient, show the largest absolute values in all three models with ketosis treatment incidence, milk protein concentration, and milk yield as dependent variables in general linear analyses on standardized variables. Acetone and urea concentrations in bulk milk show only small absolute values or are omitted from the models.The practical conclusion from these analyses on bulk milk samples to be used by advisory personnel is small, but it seems that high bulk milk fat concentrations and low lactose concentrations are unfavourable when it comes to ketosis treatment incidence, but favourable when it comes to milk protein concentration. Bulk milk acetone concentrations as a measure of the energy supply in herds must only be interpreted after calving intensity and silage quality are assessed.
Prevalence of Antibodies to Lipid A in Danish Cattle
Authors: Andersen P. H. , Houe H. , Fomsgaard A. , Høier R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA cross‐sectional study was performed on the occurrence of IgG antibodies to lipid A of the Gram‐negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) on serum of 2272 cattle distributed on 19 Danish dairy herds. The relationship between the concentration of antibodies to lipid A (ALI) and age, herd, pregnancy rate and occurrence of mastitis, bovine virus diarrhoea (BVD), reproductive and digestive disorders, diarrhoea, pneumonia, foot disorders, various infections and traumatic udder lesions was investigated. ALI generally was low in calves and increased during their first 1.5 years of life to a steady state, which could be altered by the occurrence of disease. There were significant differences in the mean ALI among the herds (P < 0.001). High ALI was associated with a low herd pregnancy rate, to preceding occurrence of mastitis (P < 0.048), BVD (P < 0.010), reproduction diseases (P < 0.041) and digestion disorders (P < 0.064) in animals older than 2 years. The calf mortality rate was not associated to ALI and there was no correlation between the ALI in calves and their dams. The occurrence of high ALI levels on a herd basis may be an indication of increased challenge or enhanced immunological defense to Gram‐negative bacteria or endotoxin.
M‐mode Echocardiographic Diagnosis of Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Giant Breed Dogs
Authors: Koch J. , Pedersen H. D. , Jensen A. L. , Flagstad A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryM‐mode echocardiograms were recorded from 62 giant breed dogs without historical, clinical, electrocardiographic and roentgenologic signs of heart disease, from six dogs with asymptomatic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM, NYHA class I), and 13 dogs with symptomatic DCM (NYHA class III‐IV). There was a general trend that several echocardiographic parameters were significantly different in control Great Danes as compared to Newfoundlands and Irish Wolfhounds. There were substantial differences in left ventricular size both in systole and diastole and in systolic indices of the left ventricle between the control group, the asymptomatic dogs and symptomatic dogs with DCM (P = 0.0001).There was also a significant decrease in the interventricular septum thickness (P = 0.0001) and left ventricular free wall thickness in systole (P = 0.002) and diastole (P = 0.005) between the three groups. Furthermore, the left atrial/aortic ratio was significantly different between the three groups (P = 0.0001).It was concluded that this study established echocardiographic reference values in giant breed dogs which may be useful in the study of heart diseases in giant breed dogs.
Occurrence and Topographical Mapping of GastricHelicobacter‐like Organisms and Their Association with Histological Changes in Apparently Healthy Dogs and Cats
Authors: Happonen I. , Saari S. , Castren L. , Tyni O. , Hänninen M.‐L. , Westermarck E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe occurrence and topographical mapping of the gastricHelicobacter‐like organisms (GHLOs) and their association with histological changes were studied in apparently healthy dogs and cats. Multiple samples were collected for histological examination from the fundus, corpus and antrum of the stomach of 10 dogs and 10 cats. Fundus and corpus were also sampled for transmission electron microscopy (three dogs, six cats), and for culture (eight dogs, six cats). In all dogs, GHLOs were detected in the fundus and corpus, and in the antrum of nine dogs, and significantly more often in the fundus and corpus (in all sample sites examined) than the antrum (P < 0.01). In cats, GHLOs were demonstrated in 6/10 individuals, and in all regions and sample sites. In dogs GHLOs were detected in all sample sites of the fundus and corpus. Lymphocytes, plasma cells and lymphocyte aggregates were found in all dogs in all regions; there were significantly more plasma cells in the antrum than in the corpus (P < 0.05). Neutrophils were found in six dogs, and eosinophils in seven dogs. In cats, lymphocyte aggregates were found only in GHLO‐positive cats, which also had more lymphocytes in the fundus and corpus than GHLO‐negative ones (P < 0.05). In dogs, no statistically significant association was found between the number of GHLOs and inflammatory parameters. Four dogs showed histological changes comparable to mild chronic gastritis and another six dogs to mild active chronic gastritis. Mild chronic gastritis was found in the antrum of all cats, and it occurred significantly more often in the antrum than in other regions (P < 0.01). In cats, there was a statistically significant association between GHLOs and chronic gastritis in the fundus and corpus (P < 0.05). GHLOs resembling human ‘Helicobacter heilmannii’ were identified in all the dogs and cats studied by electron microscopy, andHelicobacter felisin one dog in addition. Culture was successful in three dogs and one cat; ‘H. heilmannii’ was identified in two of the dogs, andH. felisin the third dog and the cat. GHLOs were found to be common in apparently healthy dogs and cats. Based on the results of this study, one sample from the fundus and corpus is enough to demonstrate GHLOs. In cats, GHLOs may cause histological changes comparable to chronic gastritis, but in dogs this association remained unclear. It is also questionable if the histological criteria for human gastritis, used in the present study, are suitable for dogs and cats.
A Dicephalic Goat With Other Defects
Authors: Ramadan R. O. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA case of dicephalus was reported in a black‐coat female goat kid which survived for 18 h. The head was joined at the level with the axis. The trunk was single and the kid stood on four legs. The goat had duplication of the oesophagus, the heart, the lungs, the spleen and the liver. The associated defects were in the form of polycystic kidneys, unilateral atlanto‐occipital fusion and pervious urachus.
Stimulation of Food Intake by Xylazine in Sheep
Authors: Mohammad F. K. , Wahed R. A. , Al‐Dabbagh B. K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe effect of xylazine (0.05 and 0.15 mg/kg, intramuscularly) on food (concentrate) intake was examined in ewes. Xylazine at 0.15 mg/kg significantly increased the 2 and 24 h food intake in comparison with control values. Xylazine treatments significantly and dose‐dependently decreased the heart rate, respiratory rate and ruminal motility, and increased the rectal temperature when compared with pretreatment values. The changes in the physiological variables and the slight tranquilizing effect of xylazine apparently did not interfere with the food intake. The data suggest that xylazine increases food intake in freely feeding sheep.
Outbreak of Dermatophilosis in a Horse Herd in Israel
Authors: Yeruham I. , Elad D. , Egozi O. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA retrospective study of an outbreak of dermatophilosis in a herd of 18 adult horses and 13 foals, in Israel, is presented. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time such an outbreak has been reported from a country in the Mediterranean climatic zone.This outbreak might be associated with exposure of the horses to water and humidity as a result of excessive rainfall in November 1994, as well as intensive washing of the horses and a long period spent by the animals in a marshy manege.
Inhibition of PAF‐induced Platelet Aggregation by WEB 2086 ‘in‐vitro’, an Antagonist to the Receptor for Platelet‐Activating Factor, in Bovine
Authors: Silva M. Bastos da , Herion F. , Raskinet R. , David J.‐L. , Gustin P. , Dessy C. , Lekeux P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe sensitivity of bovine platelet aggregation in response to PAF stimulation and the ability of WEB 2086 (a thieno‐triazolodiazepine) to inhibit response to PAF‐induced platelet aggregation were investigated in the blood from five healthy male Belgian Blue calves. The recorded response to PAF showed a plateau which was dependent on the PAF concentration. Platelet aggregation induced by PAF consists of two mechanisms: reversible and irreversible aggregations which are accompanied by the release of platelet granule contents. Reversible aggregation occurred above (2 .10−9mol/l) PAF, and irreversible aggregation occurred above (2 .10−7mol/l) PAF. Addition of WEB 2086 to bovine plateletsin vitroinduced a rightward shift in the dose‐response curve to PAF. WEB 2086 inhibited PAF‐induced aggregation in a competitive reversible manner (pA2= 7.61). The results of our study show that PAF induces platelet aggregation in platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) and that addition of WEB 2086 to bovine plateletsin vitroinhibits PAF‐induced Platelet Aggregation.
Oximetry for Amniotic Fluid Embolism Detection in Mini‐pigs: Tail or Snout?
Authors: Petroianu G. A. , Maleck W. , Bergler W. F. , Altmannsberger S. H. G. , Rüfer R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe continuous, non‐invasive real‐time monitoring of arterial oxygenation (pulse oximetry) has become a standard of care in both human and veterinary medicine. It allows reliable, simple and inexpensive assessment of the arterial oxygenation status. In pigs, commonly used sites for oximetry‐probe placement are the ear, snout or tongue, while more recently the ‘pig‐tail oximetry’ has been suggested. In a study regarding the coagulation system during amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) in mini‐pigs, we compared tail and snout for oximetry‐probe placement and compared them with the ‘gold standard’: blood‐gas analysis (BGA). In both the AFE group and the control group, the tail measurements were slightly lower and the snout measurements were slighly higher than the BGA results. In the experimental model used, both tail and snout measurements were able to detect a temporary desaturation immediately after amniotic fluid embolism (AFE). Blood‐gas analysis (BGA) performed on blood drawn from a large artery missed the event. Clinically, there is no significant difference between snout and tail as oximetry‐probe placement sites: both are reliable oximetry sites in mini‐pigs.
Duodeno‐Abomasal Reflux in Cows with Abomasal Displacement
Authors: Geishauser T. , Seeh C. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate abomaso‐duodenal digesta transport during abomasal displacement and after surgical correction of the abomasum, using intra‐abomasal bile acid concentration. In healthy cows, bile acids were found in the abomasum, indicative of duodeno‐abomasal reflux being a physiological event. In cows with left abomasal displacement (LDA), right abomasal displacement (RDA) and abomasal volvolus (AV), abomasal bile acid concentration was significantly higher than in healthy control cows. This was found to be true during surgery, on the first day as well as on the third day after surgery. Abomasal bile acid concentration was significantly different between LDA, RDA and AV, with LDA, RDA and AV showing lowest, intermediate and highest values respectively. In those with LDA and RDA, abomasal bile acid concentration significantly increased from surgery to first day after surgery, and decreased from first to third day after surgery. In AV cows, however, bile acid concentration declined constantly from surgery to third day after surgery. These findings indicate pathological duodeno‐abomasal reflux during abomasal displacement and after surgical correction of the abomasum. Reflux seems to differ between forms of displacement (LDA < RDA < AV) and during recovery. Pathological duodeno‐abomasal reflux is discussed as a consequence of functional and/or mechanical impediments on abomaso‐duodenal digesta transport during abomasal displacement and after surgical correction of the abomasum.
Total and Differential Cell Count by Direct Microscopic Method on Ewe Milk
Authors: Morgante M. , Ranucci S. , Pauselli M. , Beghelli D. , Mencaroni G. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryOn 700 milk samples from single half udders of Comisana ewes, somatic cell count (SCC) and differential cell count (DCC) were determined, using a Fossomatic 90 cell counter (Foss Electric, Denmark) (SCCF) and milk smears stained with May Grünwald‐Giemsa (DCCS). SCC and DCC were also determined with modified KOVA® SYSTEM (Hicor Biomedical Inc. Irvine, CA, USA) (SCCK and DCCK, respectively). Out of 665 milk samples from half udders without clinical signs of mastitis, 640 (Class I) were sterile, while 25 (Class II) were bacteriologically positive. Out of 35 milk samples (Class III) from half udders with clinical signs of mastitis, 25 were bacteriologically positive. Mean results (after logarithmic transformation of cells/ml/103) of SCCF and SCCK for all the 700 milk samples were 1.89 ± 0.58 and 1.86 ± 0.60 with linear correlation coefficient (r) of 0.960, while least squares means for Class I, II and III were 1.78, 2.23 and 3.73 respectively and 1.75, 2.19 and 3.74 with r of 0.894, 0.979 and 0.987. Mean results of DCCS and DCCK were 38.1 ± 23.3, 34.9, 52.1, and 82.2 PMNL% and 41.8 ± 21.7, 38.6, 60.2, and 87.3 PMNL% with r of 0.855, 0.812, 0.697 and 0.805. The results showed high correlation coefficients and a good reliability between SCCK and SCCF and high correlation coefficients for DCC methods. In conclusion, it could be suggested that the possibility of routine use of the KOVArSYSTEM method is particularly useful in detecting if an abnormal SCC is due to a polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes increase.