bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gleason score concordance on biopsy‐confirmed prostate cancer: is pathological re‐evaluation necessary prior to radical prostatectomy?
Authors: Truesdale Matthew D. , Cheetham Philippa J. , Turk Andrew T. , Sartori Samantha , Hruby Gregory W. , Dinneen Eion P. , Benson Mitchell C. , Badani Ketan K. 
Published: September 2010

Study Type – Diagnosis (case series)Level of Evidence 4 What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Following the updated Gleason grading system in 2005 by the International Society of Urological Pathologists (ISUP), studies demonstrated improved prediction of biochemical (PSA) progression‐free outcome by needle core biopsy specimens. To our knowledge, no studies have investigated the impact of the modified grading system on inter‐laboratory agreement of biopsy Gleason score (bGS) and the effect of re‐evaluation on accuracy in predicting the true underlying histopathology. We report that when biopsy re‐evaluation resulted in a change in bGS, there was a marked improvement in the prediction of underlying pathology as determined by prostatectomy Gleason score suggesting that when outside referral of bGS results in an equivocal clinical decision, biopsy re‐evaluation can provide clarity on the true underlying tumour architecture.OBJECTIVES• Gleason sum from prostate biopsy (bGS) is an important tool in classifying severity of disease, ultimately influencing clinical management.• Commonly, pathology specimens are re‐evaluated internally prior to surgery.• We evaluate agreement of bGS with prostatectomy Gleason sum (pGS) and the impact of re‐grading on prediction of true underlying tumor architecture.MATERIALS AND METHODS• Retrospective analysis of men who underwent robotic‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) by two surgeons from 2005–2009. Initial transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) biopsy demonstrated carcinoma at an outside lab. Specimens were re‐evaluated by our GU pathologists prior to surgery. Biopsy data were correlated with pGS.• Kappa (κ) statistics for agreement and linear regression analyses were used for categorical variables. Coefficient of concordance was used for continuous variables.RESULTS• 100 patients had 331 positive biopsies. Agreement (κ) for bGS between outside labs and our pathologists was 0.55 (p < 0.001).• Internal read was twice as likely to upgrade vs. downgrade outside bGS (23% vs. 11%).• When re‐evaluation resulted in a change in bGS, agreement with pGS was κ= 0.29, vs. κ=−0.04 for agreement of initial (outside) bGS with pGS.• When no change was made to bGS, agreement with pGS was κ= 0.40 (p < 0.001).CONCLUSION• Good reproducibility seen between outside labs and our institution on bGS. Internal pathology re‐reads correlated better with pGS than original community bGS. When re‐reads result in a change in bGS, there is a marked improvement in prediction of underlying tumor architecture confirming the value of re‐evaluating all external biopsies prior to definitive surgery.
Microstructure and cytocompatibility of collagen matrices for urological tissue engineering
Authors: Montzka Katrin , Läufer Tanja , Becker Christoph , Grosse Joachim , Heidenreich Axel 
Published: September 2010

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? The gold standard in the reconstruction of the defect urinary system is still the transplantation of autologous gastrointestinal segments although numerous different types of biomaterials (natural/synthetic) have been investigated as possible replacements. However, the ideal biomaterial is still not identified.In this study, we were able to identify the engineered collagen‐based OptiMaix® scaffolds as promising biomaterials for the reconstruction of the urinary tract.OBJECTIVES

To analyse the in vitro cytocompatibility of several engineered collagen‐based biomaterials for tissue engineering of the urinary tract.
Tissue‐engineered implants for the reconstruction of the urinary tract are of major interest for urological researchers as well as clinicians. Although several materials have been investigated, the ideal replacement has still to be identified.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Several collagen matrices were tested.
Electron microscopy was used to visualize the microstructure of the tested matrices.
Examination of cell attachment and growth of primary porcine urothelial and smooth muscle cells were performed and cell phenotypes were analysed using immunohistochemical stains.
Urea permeability was investigated using Ussing chamber experiments.

RESULTS

The best cytocompatibility for both urinary tract‐specific cell types was obtained with OptiMaix® (Matricel GmbH, Herzogenrath, Germany) materials.
Cell‐specific phenotypes were maintained during culture as shown by immunohistochemical staining.
Furthermore, simultaneous cultivation of both cell types for 7 and 14 days significantly reduced urea permeability.

CONCLUSION

These results show the potential of OptiMaix materials in tissue engineering approaches of urinary tract tissues.
Increased maternal Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA‐IR) associated with older age at diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes in offspring
Authors: Leech N. J. , O’Sullivan J. , Avery P. , Howey C. , Burling K. , Iyer S. , Pascoe L. , Walker M. , Cheetham T. 
Published: September 2010

Diabet. Med. 27, 1450–1453 (2010)AbstractAims  Obesity and insulin resistance have been linked to rising incidence and earlier onset of Type 1 diabetes. Inherited differences in insulin action might also influence the evolution of Type 1 diabetes. Our aim was to determine whether parental BMI and insulin resistance influences age of onset of Type 1 diabetes in their offspring.Methods  BMI standard deviation score and age at diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes was examined in 227 children, and in 206 of these was compared with local matched control subjects. Non‐diabetic parents of a subgroup of 80 children with Type 1 diabetes were recruited. Parental BMI was compared with local adult control subjects. The relationship between parental BMI, waist–hip ratio, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), leptin and adiponectin levels and age at diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes in offspring was examined.Results  We found no relationship between age at diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes in children and BMI  standard deviation score (P = 0.5). Children with Type 1 diabetes and their parents were heavier than matched control subjects (mean BMI standard deviation score ± sd in children = 0.66 ± 1.06 vs. 0.32 ± 1.16 in control subjects, P = 0.002; mean parental BMI ± sd 27.7 ± 0.4 vs. 25.5 ± 0.4 kg/m2 in control subjects; P < 0.0001). Maternal HOMA‐IR accounted for 20% of variation in age at diagnosis (P < 0.001) with increasing maternal insulin resistance associated with later age at diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes.Conclusions  Children with Type 1 diabetes and their parents have an increased BMI at diagnosis. Maternal insulin resistance is associated with later onset of Type 1 diabetes in children.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and risk of malignancy: is there a strategy to identify a subphenotype of patients with increased susceptibility to endogenous and exogenous hyperinsulinism?
Authors: Müssig K. , Staiger H. , Kantartzis K. , Fritsche A. , Kanz L. , Häring H.‐U. 
Published: September 2010

Diabet. Med. 28, 276–286 (2011)AbstractAims  To give an overview on the relationship between diabetes mellitus and increased cancer risk.Methods  We identified studies evaluating the association between diabetes mellitus, its treatment with insulin and insulin analogues and malignancies, paying special attention to studies on in vitro and in vivo effects of the long‐acting analogue insulin glargine.Results  Even although the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the relationship between elevated cancer risk and Type 2 diabetes mellitus are not completely understood, hyperinsulinaemia in the presence of insulin resistance appears to be a key factor. Because of the mitogenic actions of insulin at high concentrations, hyperinsulinaemia may favour tumorigenesis. In line with this, an insulin‐based therapy is associated with an increased cancer risk, whereas an insulin‐sensitizing treatment results in a cancer risk reduction. Furthermore, alterations of the insulin receptor profile on tumour cells may contribute to an enhanced susceptibility towards insulin. Studies on the analogue insulin glargine have been controversial. In vitro data pointed to an elevated mitogenicity of insulin glargine, whereas in vivo data did not confirm cancerogenous effects. Moreover, recently published clinical studies on the association of insulin glargine (Lantus®) and cancer suggest that treatment with insulin glargine is not associated with increased cancer risk.Conclusions  The relationship between elevated cancer risk and Type 2 diabetes mellitus has been shown by numerous epidemiological studies, with endogenous and exogenous hyperinsulinaemia in the presence of insulin resistance as potential underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Recent clinical studies do not support an increased cancer risk in patients treated with insulin glargine.
Stepping through treatment: Reflections on an adaptive treatment strategy among methamphetamine users with depression
Authors: KAY‐LAMBKIN FRANCES J. , BAKER AMANDA L. , MCKETIN REBECCA , LEE NICOLE 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. Stepped‐care has been recommended in the alcohol and other drug field and adopted in a number of service settings, but few research projects have examined this approach. This article aims to describe a pilot trial of stepped‐care methods in the treatment of methamphetamine use and depression comorbidity. Design and Methods. An adaptive treatment strategy was developed based on recommendations for stepped‐care among methamphetamine users, and incorporating cognitive behaviour therapy/motivational intervention for methamphetamine use and depression. The adaptive treatment strategy was compared with a fixed treatment, comprising an extended integrated cognitive behaviour therapy/motivational intervention treatment. Eighteen participants across two study sites were involved in the trial, and were current users of methamphetamines (at least once weekly) exhibiting at least moderate symptoms of depression (score of 17 or greater on the Beck Depression Inventory II). Results. Treatment delivered via the adaptive treatment (stepped‐care) model was associated with improvement in depression and methamphetamine use, however, was not associated with more efficient delivery of psychological treatment to this population relative to the comparison treatment. Discussion and Conclusions. This pilot trial attests to the potential for adaptive treatment strategies to increase the evidence base for stepped‐care approaches within the alcohol and other drug field. However, in order for stepped‐care treatment in this trial to be delivered efficiently, specific training in the delivery and philosophy of the model is required.[Kay‐Lambkin FJ, Baker AL, McKetin R, Lee N. Stepping through treatment: Reflections on an adaptive treatment strategy among methamphetamine users with depression. Drug Alcohol Rev 2010;29;475–482]
Some new directions for research on psychological interventions for comorbid anxiety and substance use disorders
Authors: BAILLIE ANDREW J. , STAPINSKI LEXINE , CROME ERICA , MORLEY KIRSTEN , SANNIBALE CLAUDIA , HABER PAUL , TEESSON MAREE 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Issues. Comorbidity between anxiety and substance use disorders is common, yet it is poorly understood and poorly treated. Approach. Narrative literature review. PsycINFO and Medline databases were searched for clinical trials of anxiety and substance use disorders using clinical queries for 2005–2009. Key Findings. There are few well‐conducted treatment outcome trials for comorbid anxiety and substance use disorders. Some recent (2005–2009) outcome literature has focused on specific mechanisms (anxiety sensitivity and tension reduction alcohol expectancies) that may underlie comorbidity between anxiety and substance use disorders and may lead to more targeted intervention. Implications and Conclusion: The research base for understanding and treating comorbid anxiety and substance use disorders needs to be broadened. In particular research is needed with a focus on: (i) specifying particular comorbid relationships between anxiety and substance use disorders; (ii) the mechanisms that may underlie and maintain those relationships; and (iii) well‐conducted evaluations of treatments that target those mechanisms.[Baillie AJ, Stapinski L, Crome E, Morley K, Sannibale C, Haber P, Teesson M. Some new directions for research on psychological interventions for comorbid anxiety and substance use disorders. Drug Alcohol Rev 2010;29;518–524]
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for the treatment of co‐occurring depression and substance use: Current evidence and directions for future research
Authors: HIDES LEANNE , SAMET SHARON , LUBMAN DAN I. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Issues and Approach. The high rates of co‐occurring depression and substance use, and the negative impact of this on illness course and outcomes have been well established. Despite this, few clinical trials have examined the efficacy of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT). This paper systematically reviews these clinical trials, with an aim of providing recommendations for how future research can develop a more robust evidence base for the treatment of these common comorbidities. Leading electronic databases, including PubMed (ISI) and PsychINFO (CSA), were searched for peer‐reviewed journal articles using CBT for the treatment of co‐occurring depression and substance use. Of the 55 articles identified, 12 met inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Key Findings. There is only a limited evidence for the effectiveness of CBT either alone or in combination with antidepressant medication for the treatment of co‐occurring depression and substance use. While there is support for the efficacy of CBT over no treatment control conditions, there is little evidence that CBT is more efficacious than other psychotherapies. There is, however, consistent evidence of improvements in both depression and substance use outcomes, regardless of the type of treatment provided and there is growing evidence that that the effects of CBT are durable and increase over time during follow up. Conclusions. Rather than declaring the ‘dodo bird verdict’ that CBT and all other psychotherapies are equally efficacious, it would be more beneficial to develop more potent forms of CBT by identifying variables that mediate treatment outcomes.[Hides L, Samet S, Lubman DI. Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for the treatment of co‐occurring depression and substance use: Current evidence and directions for future research. Drug Alcohol Rev 2010;29;508–517]
The influence of personality traits on nurses' job satisfaction in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Y.H. , Li H.‐H. , Wu C.M. , Wang P.C. 
Published: September 2010

CHANG Y.H., LI H.‐H., WU C.M. & WANG P.C. (2010) The influence of personality traits on nurses' job satisfaction in Taiwan. International Nursing ReviewAim:  The purpose of this study was to empirically investigate a set of personality traits based on core self‐evaluations in relation to job satisfaction among nurses in Taiwan, and to identity important personality characteristics in contributing to nurses' satisfactory attitudes towards work.Method:  A cross‐sectional survey research was conducted with self‐reported questionnaires. The participants were 314 nurses (89% response rate) in two regional hospitals in Taiwan. Among them, 99% were female (n = 311), 54.5% (n = 171) ranging between 21 and 30 years old, 37.9% (n = 119) ranging between 31 and 40 years old, 44.6% (n = 140) are registered nurse, 29.3% (n = 92) are licensed vocational nurse and 52.9% were married (n = 166). In addition, ethical research requirements for conducting research on human subjects were fulfilled for all of the participants in the study.Analysis:  Data were analysed using SPSS version 14.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). A number of data analysis procedures were conducted including descriptive statistics, Pearson product‐moment correlation and multiple regression analysis. The selection of the predictor variables was performed with the level of significance P < 0.05 and the adjusted explained variance was used to examine statistical explanatory power.Results:  Personality traits of optimism, self‐esteem, proactive personality, self‐efficacy and negative affectivity significantly contributed to job satisfaction.Conclusions:  The findings of this study confirmed the importance of taking personality variables into consideration during the process of evaluating job satisfaction. Job satisfaction should not only be related to extrinsic factors but also associated with individual differences of dispositional tendency. Nurses with positive evaluation and expectation towards self and others tend to report higher job satisfaction. The results of this study are consistent with previous studies. The implications for nursing managements are discussed.
Empathy: the effects of undergraduate nursing education in Turkey
Authors: Ozcan C.T. , Oflaz F. , Sutcu Cicek H. 
Published: September 2010

OZCAN C.T., OFLAZ F. & SUTCU CICEK H. (2010) Empathy: the effects of undergraduate nursing education in Turkey. International Nursing ReviewAim:  To evaluate the empathic skills and the empathetic tendency of nursing students throughout their years of undergraduate education.Background:  Empathy is a major component of the relationships between patients and nurses, and is an observable and teachable skill that nurses are claimed to possess.Methods:  A cross‐sectional study was designed to determine the differences in the empathic skills and tendency of nursing students in the successive years of undergraduate nursing education. A longitudinal study was also designed to evaluate the changes between the beginning and the end of the nursing education in the same group. All the registered students were asked to participate in the study. The total population was 466 nursing students of whom 438 participated (94%) in the cross‐sectional study and 81 in the longitudinal study. The Empathic Communication Skills Scale (ECSS) and the Empathic Tendency Scale (ETS) were used to collect data.Findings:  An increase in the ECSS and a decrease in the ETS were observed in both the cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies. Comparing the years, fourth‐year students have higher empathic skills level, whereas newly registered students have a higher empathic tendency score (P < 0.05).Conclusions:  The findings have shown that empathic skills developed during undergraduate nursing education. However, empathetic tendency has shown a decline during these educational years. The decrease in empathetic tendency during undergraduate education should be taken into account, and educators and researchers should consider possible reasons for this outcome. Further research is indicated.
Evidence on the role of accounting conservatism in monitoring managers’ investment decisions
Authors: Ahmed Anwer S. , Duellman Scott 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWatts (2003), among others, argues that conservatism helps in corporate governance by mitigating agency problems associated with managers’ investment decisions. We hypothesize that if conservatism reduces managers’ex ante incentives to take on negative net present value projects and improves the ex post monitoring of investments, firms with more conservative accounting ought to have higher future profitability and lower likelihood (and magnitude) of future special items charges. Consistent with this expectation, we find that firms with more conservative accounting have (i) higher future cash flows and gross margins and (ii) lower likelihood and magnitude of special items charges than firms with less conservative accounting.
SURVIVAL AND GROWTH IN RETAIL AND SERVICE INDUSTRIES: EVIDENCE FROM FRANCHISED CHAINS*
Authors: KOSOVÁ RENÁTA , LAFONTAINE FRANCINE 
Published: September 2010

AbstractUsing data on franchised chains, which are the type of single‐product entities emphasized in industry dynamics models, we show that age and size affect growth and survival even after controlling for chain characteristics and unobserved chain‐specific efficiency. This implies that age and size affect firm growth and survival for reasons other than those emphasized in learning‐type models. We also find that several chain characteristics affect growth and survival directly, and thus controlling for firm characteristics is important. Finally, we find that chain size increases rather than decreases exit among young chains, and chains converge in size over time.
Estimating Research Performance by Using Research Grant Award Gradings
Authors: Goldstein Harvey 
Published: September 2010

SummaryIn the UK and elsewhere, there has been considerable debate about the use of quantitative indicators, known as ‘metrics’, to judge research performance of individual academics and university departments. We carry out an analysis of the grades that are awarded to research grant applications to explore the extent to which such information can be used for this purpose. Our results suggest that the usefulness of these data is limited and also that similar important limitations are associated with other metrics such as those based on journal paper citation indices.
Fast Stable Restricted Maximum Likelihood and Marginal Likelihood Estimation of Semiparametric Generalized Linear Models
Authors: Wood Simon N. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryRecent work by Reiss and Ogden provides a theoretical basis for sometimes preferring restricted maximum likelihood (REML) to generalized cross-validation (GCV) for smoothing parameter selection in semiparametric regression. However, existing REML or marginal likelihood (ML) based methods for semiparametric generalized linear models (GLMs) use iterative REML or ML estimation of the smoothing parameters of working linear approximations to the GLM. Such indirect schemes need not converge and fail to do so in a non-negligible proportion of practical analyses. By contrast, very reliable prediction error criteria smoothing parameter selection methods are available, based on direct optimization of GCV, or related criteria, for the GLM itself. Since such methods directly optimize properly defined functions of the smoothing parameters, they have much more reliable convergence properties. The paper develops the first such method for REML or ML estimation of smoothing parameters. A Laplace approximation is used to obtain an approximate REML or ML for any GLM, which is suitable for efficient direct optimization. This REML or ML criterion requires that Newton–Raphson iteration, rather than Fisher scoring, be used for GLM fitting, and a computationally stable approach to this is proposed. The REML or ML criterion itself is optimized by a Newton method, with the derivatives required obtained by a mixture of implicit differentiation and direct methods. The method will cope with numerical rank deficiency in the fitted model and in fact provides a slight improvement in numerical robustness on the earlier method of Wood for prediction error criteria based smoothness selection. Simulation results suggest that the new REML and ML methods offer some improvement in mean-square error performance relative to GCV or Akaike’s information criterion in most cases, without the small number of severe undersmoothing failures to which Akaike’s information criterion and GCV are prone. This is achieved at the same computational cost as GCV or Akaike’s information criterion. The new approach also eliminates the convergence failures of previous REML- or ML-based approaches for penalized GLMs and usually has lower computational cost than these alternatives. Example applications are presented in adaptive smoothing, scalar on function regression and generalized additive model selection.