bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transgressing Boundaries: Gender, Race, Religion, and “Françaises Musulmanes” during the Algerian War of Independence
Authors: Vince Natalya 
Published: September 2010

Taking the example of women active in the Algerian National Liberation Front during the War of Independence, this article examines how different typologies of “the Muslim woman” were challenged, subverted, and reconfigured between 1954 and 1962. The article looks at how women who did not conform to colonial gendered ethnoreligious stereotypes came to threaten the continuing existence of French Algeria both on the ground and on the international stage. It then turns to consider the sexual abuse and rape that women often experienced when captured by the French army. Finally, the article examines the relationship between women, Islamic principles, and the independence movement. Based on extensive interviews with female participants in the war, the article focuses throughout on women's appropriation and subversion of assigned roles and assumptions. A central concern is to compare the analytic categories of “gender” and “race” with the frames of reference these women use to articulate their own lives.
Prenant pour cas d'étude l'exemple de femmes algériennes actives dans le Front de libération nationale pendant la guerre d'indépendance algérienne, cet article analyse comment les différentes typologies de « la femme musulmane » ont été remises en question, subverties et reconfigurées entre 1954 et 1962. L'article examine comment les femmes qui ne correspondaient pas aux stéréotypes genrés et ethno-religieux du système colonial sont devenues une menace pour le maintien de l'Algérie française. Ensuite, il considère les cas d'abus sexuel et de viol subis par les femmes capturées par l'armée française. Enfin, cet article examine les liens entre les femmes, les principes musulmans et le mouvement d'indépendance. Basé sur des entretiens réalisés avec des femmes ayant participé à la guerre, l'accent est mis sur les réponses de ces femmes aux rôles que l'on leur a assignés et comment elles se sont appropriés ces rôles et les ont subvertis. On compare également les catégories d'analyse « genre » et « race » avec les cadres de référence que ces femmes emploient pour articuler leur vie.
2-[3-(2-Aminoethylsulfanyl)propylsulfanyl]ethanamine Bearing Dansyl Subunits: An Efficient, Simple, and Rapid Fluorometric Sensor for the Detection of Mercury(II) Ions
Authors: Wanichacheva Nantanit , Kamkaew Anyanee , Watpathomsub Supranee , Lee Vannajan Sanghiran , Grudpan Kate 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
A novel fluorometric sensor possessing two dansyl moieties based on 2-[3-(2-aminoethylsulfanyl)propylsulfanyl]ethanamine 1 was prepared by a ready synthetic approach using a conventional two-step synthesis. 1 exhibits highly sensitive and selective on–off Hg2+ fluorescence quenching behavior in aqueous acetonitrile solutions and is shown to discriminate various competing metal ions such as Cu2+, Ag+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Ba2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Na+, and K+ exhibiting a detection limit of 7 nM or 1.4 ppb with a working range of 1.8–15 ppb.
Increased integrity of circulating cell-free DNA in plasma of patients with acute leukemia
Authors: Gao Yu-Jie , He Yu-Juan , Yang Zai-Lin , Shao Hui-Yuan , Zuo Yan , Bai Yao , Chen Hui , Chen Xian-Chun , Qin Feng-Xian , Tan Shi , Wang Jian , Wang Li , Zhang Ling 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background: Increased cell-free DNA (cf-DNA) and the integrity of cf-DNA in plasma of patients with cancer has been described. We investigated the clinical utility of cf-DNA in the detection and monitoring of progression of leukemia.

Methods: Plasma samples from 60 patients with acute leukemia were analyzed in comparison to plasma from 30 healthy controls. Plasma DNA was determined by quantitative PCR (qPCR) by amplifying the β-actin gene (ACTB). The DNA integrity index was calculated as the ratio of qPCR results (ACTB384/106). Paired diagnostic/complete remission (CR)/relapse samples from eight of 60 patients were analyzed, and the minimum residual disease (MRD) situations were monitored.

Results: DNA concentrations (median: 8.80 ng/mL, p=0.004) and DNA integrity (median: 0.51, p<0.001) in cancer patients were significantly higher. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve of DNA and DNA integrity were 0.79 and 0.88, respectively. DNA integrity at CR had a distinct reduction and then an increase at relapse. DNA integrity in CR cases was higher than that observed in healthy controls.

Conclusions: Our preliminary data suggest that plasma DNA integrity is increased in acute leukemia and may be a potential biomarker for monitoring MRD. However, more work is needed.
Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:1651–6.
Reaction Forces and Moments in Carved Turns
Authors: Filippi Oberegger Ulrich , Kaps Peter , Kerber Walter , Mössner Martin , Schindelwig Kurt , Nachbauer Werner 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe computed reaction forces and moments acting on a skier during a carved turn. We performed an inverse and a forward dynamic analysis. For a run of an elite skier, marker positions on skier and skis were obtained as functions of time from a video analysis and smoothed by splines. Linear velocities and accelerations were computed by differentiating the splines, angular velocities, and accelerations via rotation matrices. The forces acting at the right ski were measured with two Kistler force plates. For the inverse dynamics, we used an adapted Hanavan model for a skier consisting of upper body, left and right thighs, shanks, and skis. Applied forces considered were weight and ski-snow friction. Drag was neglected. By prescribing a lateral weight distribution from the outer to the inner ski during the turn, reaction forces and moments at the left and right ankle, knee and hip joints were computed from the Newton–Euler equations of motion for constrained rigid multibody systems. The forward dynamics was performed with a three-segment model of a mono-skier consisting of trunk, thigh, and shank. Rotational joints were assumed in knee and hip. The track and the joint angles were prescribed. The inward lean angle was determined by a balance condition that led to nonholonomic constraints. After formulating the equations of motion in descriptor form, the resulting differential-algebraic system was solved with the numerical code RADAU5. Computed and measured reaction forces and moments agreed well within the accuracy of the measurements. The calculated joint loads are consistent with results from the literature. The forward dynamics model can be used to simulate consecutive ski turns. With parameter studies, the effects of slope, tracks, segment properties, ski-snow friction, and velocity of the skier on joint loads and performance of a run can be investigated. Further, injury mechanisms can be analyzed.
Electrophysiological Modeling for Cardiology: Methods and Potential Applications
Authors: Seemann Gunnar , Keller David U. J. , Krüger Martin W. , Weber Frank M. , Wilhelms Mathias , Dössel Olaf 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Simulations of the electrophysiological behavior of the heart improve the comprehension of the mechanisms of the cardiovascular system. Furthermore, the mathematical modeling will support diagnosis and therapy of patients suffering from heart diseases. In this paper, the chain of modeling of the electrical function in the heart is described. The components are explained briefly, namely modeling of cardiac geometry, reconstructing the cardiac electrophysiology and excitation propagation. Additionally, the mathematical methods allowing to implement and solve these models are outlined. The three recently more investigated cases atrial fibrillation, ischemia and long-QT syndrome are described and show how cardiac modeling can support cardiologists in answering their open questions.
Craniofacial Surgery Planning Based on Virtual Patient Models
Authors: Weiser Martin , Zachow Stefan , Deuflhard Peter 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
In craniofacial surgery physicians are often faced with the reconstruction of massively destroyed or radically resected tissue structures caused by trauma or tumors. Also corrections of dislocated bone fragments up to the complete modeling of facial regions in cases of complex congenital malformations are common tasks of plastic and reconstructive surgeons. Such procedures have to be planned and executed thoroughly in order to achieve the best functional as well as an optimal aesthetic rehabilitation. On this account a computer assisted modeling, planning and simulation approach allows for preoperative assessment of different therapeutic strategies on basis of individual, three-dimensional patient models. Bone structures can be mobilized and relocated under consideration of anatomical and functional constraints. The resulting facial appearance can be simulated via finite-element methods on basis of a biomechanical tissue model, and visualized using high quality rendering techniques. Such an approach is not only important for preoperative mental preparation, but also for vivid patient information, documentation, quality assurance as well as for surgical education and training.
Sampling for Environmental Flow Assessments
Authors: Williams John G. 
Published: September 2010

Environmental flow studies normally involve sampling. Except for hydrologically based methods, the studies usually are conducted only on part of the reach of stream to which the study results will be applied. This assumes that the study sites, or the samples, are representative of the stream as a whole. There is no way to be sure of this without studying the whole stream, but it is possible to estimate how close the study results and the “true” results are likely to be, if the study uses a probability (random) sampling design that allows for estimating confidence intervals. Sampling designs that allow for interval estimates of statistics are normal in science, but, strangely, not in environmental flow studies. Here, I describe and discuss some appropriate sampling designs and related considerations in the context of environmental flow studies. I then describe and critique the sampling in some recent studies using the Physical Habitat Simulation System (PHABSIM), the method most commonly used in the United States, which I describe briefly for readers not familiar with it. Finally, I explain why deliberate selection of samples gives biased results, and describe the experience that persuaded statisticians of this fact early in the twentieth century.
la evaluación de caudales ambientales comúnmente implica actividades de muestreo. Con excepción de los métodos hidrológicos, los estudios normalmente se realizan sólo en una parte de la extensión total de un río, sobre la cual los resultados serán aplicables. Esto supone que los sitios de estudio, o las muestras obtenidas, son representativas del cauce entero. No hay forma de tener seguridad acerca de la veracidad de esta práctica más que estudiando un río en su totalidad, pero es posible estimar la certidumbre de dichos resultados si el estudio se basa en un diseño de muestreo (aleatorio) probabilístico que permita estimar intervalos de confianza. Los diseños de muestreo que permiten estimar la confiabilidad estadística son comunes en la ciencia, pero curiosamente no lo son en estudios de caudales ambientales. En la presente contribución se describen y discuten algunos diseños de muestreo de este tipo, y consideraciones relacionadas, en el contexto de estudios de causales ambientales. Después se describe y critica el muestreo realizado en estudios recientes que utilizan el sistema de simulación de Hábitat Físico (PHABSIM), considerado como el método más comúnmente utilizado en los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica, el cual se explica brevemente para los lectores no familiarizados. Finalmente se menciona por qué la selección deliberada de muestras produce sesgo en los resultados y se comenta la experiencia que persuadió de este hecho a los estadísticos a principios del siglo veintiuno.
Needs and Proficiencies of Fisheries Hires by State Agencies
Authors: Gabelhouse Donald William 
Published: September 2010

The Fisheries Administration Section of the American Fisheries Society surveyed state inland fisheries administrators to assess the current and future importance of 54 competencies (college courses) for entry-level fisheries biologists and to determine how proficient recent hires have been at applying knowledge of these competencies. Thirty-five responses were received, with competency importance levels differing greatly for management/research biologists compared to hatchery biologists. Many of those competencies considered not very important for entry-level hires may eventually be very important to employees who advance up the administrative ladder.
la Sección de Administración de Pesquerías de la Sociedad Americana de Pesquerías realizó un sondeo dirigido a los administradores de pesquerías de aguas continentales con el fin de evaluar la importancia actual y futura de 54 competencias (cursos de nivel superior) para biólogos pesqueros recién egresados y para determinar cuan competentes han sido las últimas contrataciones en cuanto a la aplicación del conocimiento adquirido en dichos cursos. Se recibieron 35 respuestas, en las cuales los niveles de importancia acerca del grado de competencia difirieron significativamente entre los biólogos enfocados a manejo e investigación y los biólogos dedicados al cultivo. En muchas de estas competencias, consideradas de poca importancia para las contrataciones de recién egresados, pueden eventualmente resultar muy importantes para los empleados que aspirar a ascender en la escalera administrativa.
Assemblage Structure in Shoal and Flat-Bottom Habitats on the Inner Continental Shelf of the Middle Atlantic Bight, USA
Authors: Slacum H. Ward , Burton William H. , Methratta Elizabeth T. , Weber Edward D. , Llansó Roberto J. , Dew-Baxter Jodi 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Sand shoals provide both a potentially unique habitat resource for marine organisms and a source of sand for the replenishment of eroded beaches. Sand removal may negatively influence marine communities, so understanding how marine fauna utilize habitats at and around shoals would provide much-needed guidance in selecting sites for sand harvest. A 2-year study was conducted on the inner continental shelf of the Middle Atlantic Bight, U.S.A., to compare finfish and invertebrate assemblages at sand shoal and nearby flat-bottom habitats. Multiple sampling modalities were used to sample organisms across a range of sizes, living habits, and life history stages. There was a trend toward greater abundance, species richness, and species diversity in flat-bottom habitats than in shoal habitats, and all of these community measures were generally lower during winter than in spring, summer, or fall. Moreover, species groups, including pelagic finfish, pelagic invertebrates, benthic finfish, and benthic invertebrates, were all more abundant in the flat-bottom habitats. Particular species characterized each type of habitat and these associations varied with season. Sampling with a large commercial trawl indicated that shoal finfish assemblages were characterized by striped bass Morone saxatilis and little skate Leucoraja erinacea in the fall, by scup Stenostomus chrysops in the spring, and by American sand lance Ammodytes americanus, scup, and clearnose skate Raja eglanteria in the summer. Experimental trawl sampling, which targeted primarily smaller organisms, found that communities on shoals were characterized by gastropods in the winter, squid (class Cephalopoda), and right-handed hermit crabs (family Paguridae) in the spring, and right-handed hermit crabs and scup in the summer. Winter was the period of lowest finfish and invertebrate use of shoal habitat and thus would be the best time of year for dredging sand to minimize acute impacts.
Development of a Multipurpose Telemetry and Habitat Survey Instrument Platform for Small Boats
Authors: Griffith David W. , Peery Christopher A. , Daigle William R. , Keefer Matthew L. , Wright Nancy 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
We developed a telemetry and remote-sensing instrument platform for a small vessel (6.1-m inboard jetboat) to collect fish telemetry and environmental data in real time as well as to collect data during habitat surveys in the Columbia River estuary. The instrumentation consisted of two acoustic telemetry hydrophones, an acoustic telemetry receiver, a conductivity—temperature—depth probe, an acoustic Doppler current profiler, a differential Global Positioning System, and a side-scan sonar integrated with an onboard portable computer. The system can be used on other vessels, has the flexibility to adapt to a range of telemetry and small oceanographic instrument systems, and allows for deployment and data collection from all instruments simultaneously.
Corrosion Assessment of Aging Drinking Water Pipes by Impact Elastic-Wave Method
Authors: Kobayashi Yasuo , Takahashi Yusuke , Kamada Toshiro , Koizumi Akira , Fujiwara Masahiro 
Published: September 2010

The majority of the water distribution pipes which take the greater part of Japanese drinking water utilities' assets are made of iron such as gray/ductile cast iron or steel. It will be necessary to replace most of these pipes due to corrosion in the near future. In general, pipeline assessment which is done before replacement is carried out through digging to take visual observation; however, digging costs and environmental burden due to digging will become a problem.
This study therefore undertakes a research into methods of pipeline assessment which reduce the digging necessity. In the study of the Impact Elastic-Wave Method, elastic-waves were applied to cast iron pipes whose external surfaces were in various states of corrosion (pitting, partial, uniform, etc.); the frequency component of the received waves showed that there was a tendency for the frequency component of the waves for corroded iron pipes to be distributed in a lower range than sound pipes. In addition, it also showed that it is possible to discriminate the thickness reduction of approximately one mm. These results demonstrate the possibility of applying this method to pipeline assessment without or with minimum digging.
Evaluation of Multiple Benefits of Artificial Streams Augmented with Recycled Water Using Conjoint Analysis
Authors: Yamagata H. , Yamanaka D. , Ogoshi M. , Minamiyama M. 
Published: September 2010

This study aims at evaluating multiple environmental and educational benefits of artificial streams augmented with recycled water using conjoint analysis. The survey was carried out at Tadotsu Town in Japan where recycled water is used for augmenting artificial streams to restore habitats for firefly regarded as a symbol of “clean water” and to provide opportunity for environmental education such as firefly-watching.
Marginal willingness-to-pay for the artificial streams for preserving habitats for firefly, securing hygienic safety to allow body contact, enhancing landscape and providing opportunity for environmental education were estimated at 4,419 Japanese yen (JPY) (US$44), 1,375 JPY (US$14), 4,094 JPY (US$41) and 918 JPY (US$9) per household per year. Those who knew or visited the streams had higher marginal willingness-to-pay for preserving aquatic habitats. And those who attended firefly-watching had high marginal willingness-to-pay for both of preserving aquatic habitats and securing hygienic safety. The results indicated the importance of education at the streams such as firefly-watching for public understanding in habitat preservation and hygienic safety of recycled water.
La survie de l'école primaire congolaise (RDC) : héritage colonial, hybridité et résilience
Authors: Poncelet Marc , André Géraldine , de Herdt Tom 
Published: September 2010

Ce texte tente de comprendre la pérennité de l’école primaire congolaise en dépit de la crise qui a marqué le pays pendant plus de 35 ans et en l’absence presque totale d’investissement public depuis les années 1980. Au-delà d’une lecture qui voit dans la résilience du champ scolaire congolais les effets de sa privatisation, ce texte analyse plutôt les arrangements contemporains du système scolaire à la lumière de son héritage. La survie du champ scolaire congolais repose sur une continuité d’arrangements qui sont en dernière instance fondés sur le modèle de l’État concessionnaire de la période coloniale.
Autonomie indienne et éducation au Chiapas
Authors: Baronnet Bruno 
Published: September 2010

À la suite des offensives militaires de février 1995, la rébellion des paysans mayas au Chiapas (Mexique) a provoqué de nouvelles initiatives en matière d’éducation pour les Indiens. Les impacts de ces initiatives sont perceptibles au niveau régional, notamment au cœur des ex haciendas des vallées de la Forêt Lacandone, où les villages indiens zapatistes développent leurs propres systèmes éducatifs sans permettre que l’État ne puisse intervenir. À partir de l’analyse des politiques et des demandes ethniques, ainsi que des stratégies sociales des acteurs, il est possible d’identifier des logiques de participation individuelle et collective à la construction et la légitimation de réseaux municipaux autonomes d’écoles. Suite à la réoccupation paysanne des anciens latifundios, les pratiques éducatives des Indiens tseltales dans la région des terres récupérées se rapprochent du type de gestion administrative et pédagogique des écoles bilingues.
Les réfugiés au cœur d'une offre éducative multiple
Authors: Baujard Julie 
Published: September 2010

Cet article détaille la pluralité du système éducatif destiné aux populations réfugiées dans la capitale indienne, Delhi. Il expose le rôle des différents acteurs qui interviennent dans le champ de l’éducation : les organisations de tutelle des réfugiés mais également, comblant une part du vide laissé par ces institutions, des fondations politiques et des Églises qui participent à l’établissement d’un dispositif pluriel et hybride, au cœur duquel les réfugiés évoluent. Cette étude permet de montrer l’articulation existant entre les différents acteurs qui interviennent auprès des réfugiés mais aussi la part de ces derniers dans la définition des cadres éducatifs.
Investigation of poly(vinyl chloride)/polystyrene mixture miscibility: Comparison of viscometry criteria with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and refractive index measurements
Authors: Aquino Kátia Aparecida da S. , da Silva Flávio Ferreira , Araújo Elmo S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe refractive index (RI) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)/polystyrene (PS) mixture were measured. The variation of RI with the mixture composition was found to be nonlinear, which indicated the immiscibility of the PVC/PS mixture. This result agrees with results obtained by the FTIR technique, which indicated negligible intermolecular interactions between the PVC/PS components, and the miscibility of the polymer mixture was limited for the compositions studied. The results obtained by RI and FTIR were compared with the results obtained by the viscosity method with criteria based on interaction parameters proposed by Krigbaum and Wall, Chee, Zhu, and Garcia et al. and the thermodynamic parameter proposed by Jiang and Han. A criterion based on a simple cluster theory proposed by Pan et al. was also applied to the PVC/PS mixture solutions to study the polymer–polymer interactions. The conclusions about PVC/PS immiscibility made by Pan et al. and Jiang and Han agreed with our conclusions obtained by FTIR and RI measurements. On the other hand, the results obtained by Chee, Zhu, and Krigbaum and Wall showed partial miscibility of the PVC/PS mixture, whereas the polymer mixture was miscible according to the Garcia et al. criterion. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010