bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do video reviews of therapy sessions help people with mild intellectual disabilities describe their perceptions of cognitive behaviour therapy?
Authors: Burford B. , Jahoda A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackground  This study examined the potential of a retrospective video reviewing process [Burford Reviewing Process (BRP)] for enabling people with intellectual disabilities to describe their experiences of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT). It is the first time that the BRP, described in this paper, has been used with people with intellectual disabilities and the aim was to assess the feasibility of the procedure and gain a picture of the information it might yield.Methods  Using the BRP, 12 clients reviewed tapes of their fourth and ninth CBT sessions and six reviewed the fourth session only. All reviews were audio recorded for later verbatim transcriptions of clients' comments. Reviews and transcriptions were conducted by non‐clinical researchers. Thematic analysis was applied to the transcripts by a researcher who was not CBT‐trained.Results  All clients were able to follow the instructions for the BRP. Three broadly based themes encapsulated their responses – how they felt about themselves, how they felt the therapist was helping and how CBT was helping. A fourth theme referred to comments on issues that were currently troubling clients, which were prompted by watching the video but did not refer to actual events on screen.Conclusions  The BRP seems a feasible approach with this client group and gave insights into their feelings and opinions on CBT. Clinical implications of the results and the potential for further developments are discussed.
‘Too withdrawn’ or ‘too friendly’: considering social vulnerability in two neuro‐developmental disorders
Authors: Jawaid A. , Riby D. M. , Owens J. , White S. W. , Tarar T. , Schulz P. E. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn some neuro‐developmental disorders, the combined effect of intellectual disability and atypicalities of social cognition may put individuals at increased vulnerability in their social environment. The neuro‐developmental disorders Williams syndrome, characterised by ‘hypersociability’, and autism spectrum disorders, characterised by ‘social withdrawal’, are at two extremes of atypical social functioning in humans. In this article, we use Williams syndrome and autism spectrum disorders as exemplars to demonstrate how atypicalities of social cognition may contribute to social vulnerability in these populations. The lives of individuals with both these disorders are marred by an increased risk of social isolation, bullying, unsteady relationships, employment difficulties and abuse. While different behavioural interventions have been tried to improve social functioning in these populations, there has been great variability in their success. Finally, we discuss different issues regarding social independence of these individuals; including employment, safety and decision making.
Regulation of chaperone/effector complex synthesis in a bacterial type III secretion system
Authors: Button Julie E. , Galán Jorge E. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryType III protein secretion systems (T3SSs), which have evolved to deliver bacterial proteins into nucleated cells, are found in many species of Gram‐negative bacteria that live in close association with eukaryotic hosts. Proteins destined to travel this secretion pathway are targeted to the secretion machine by customized chaperones, with which they form highly structured complexes. Here, we have identified a mechanism that co‐ordinates the expression of the Salmonella Typhimurium T3SS chaperone SicP and its cognate effector SptP. Translation of the effector is coupled to that of its chaperone, and in the absence of translational coupling, an inhibitory RNA structure prevents translation of sptP. The data presented here show how the genomic organization of functionally related proteins can have a significant impact on the co‐ordination of their expression.
HtrA is a major virulence determinant of Bacillus anthracis
Authors: Chitlaru Theodor , Zaide Galia , Ehrlich Sharon , Inbar Itzhak , Cohen Ofer , Shafferman Avigdor 
Published: August 2011

SummaryWe demonstrate that disruption of the htrA (high temperature requirement A) gene in either the virulent Bacillus anthracis Vollum (pXO1+, pXO2+), or in the ΔVollum (pXO1‐, pXO2‐, nontoxinogenic and noncapsular) strains, affect significantly the ability of the resulting mutants to withstand heat, oxidative, ethanol and osmotic stress. The ΔhtrA mutants manifest altered secretion of several proteins, as well as complete silencing of the abundant extracellular starvation‐associated neutral protease A (NprA). VollumΔhtrA bacteria exhibit delayed proliferation in a macrophage infection assay, and despite their ability to synthesize the major B. anthracis toxins LT (lethal toxin) and ET (oedema toxin) as well as the capsule, show a decrease of over six orders of magnitude in virulence (lethal dose 50% = 3 × 108 spores, in the guinea pig model of anthrax), as compared with the parental wild‐type strain. This unprecedented extent of loss of virulence in B. anthracis, as a consequence of deletion of a single gene, as well as all other phenotypic defects associated with htrA mutation, are restored in their corresponding trans‐complemented strains. It is suggested that the loss of virulence is due to increased susceptibility of the ΔhtrA bacteria to stress insults encountered in the host. On a practical note, it is demonstrated that the attenuated Vollum ΔhtrA is highly efficacious in protecting guinea pigs against a lethal anthrax challenge.
A simple approximate expression for finite life fatigue behaviour in the presence of ‘crack‐like’ or ‘blunt’ notches
Authors: CIAVARELLA M. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTIn this note, we explore the possibility of simple extensions of the heuristic El Haddad formula for finite life, as an approximate expression valid for crack‐like notches, and of the ‘Lukáš and Klesnil’ equation for blunt notches. The key starting point is to assume, in analogy to the Basquin power‐law SN curve for the fatigue life of the uncracked (plain) specimen, a power law for the ‘finite life’intrinsic El Haddad crack size. The approach has similarities with what recently proposed by Susmel and Taylor as a Critical Distance Method for Medium‐Cycle Fatigue regime. Reasonable agreement is found with the fatigue data of Susmel and Taylor for notches, and in particular the error seems smaller in finite life than for infinite life, where these equations are already used. In these respects, the present proposal can be considered as a simple empirical unified approach for rapid assessment of the notch effect under finite life.
Efficacy of management algorithm for reducing need for sphincterotomy in chronic anal fissures
Authors: Sinha R. , Kaiser A. M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackground  Lateral internal sphincterotomy is the most effective treatment for chronic anal fissure (CAF), but carries a risk of faecal incontinence. We aimed to analyse efficacy and acceptance of a treatment algorithm in reducing the rate of necessary sphincterotomies.Method  Patients with CAF seen from 2001 to 2010 were retrospectively analysed. All patients were offered all steps of the algorithm nitroglycerine (NTG) → Botox (BTX) → surgery, unless symptoms or patient preference demanded a more aggressive treatment. Patients were followed up in clinic, and treatment was advanced if a step either failed or caused intolerable side effects.Results  Two hundred and nine patients were included in the analysis. Mean duration of symptoms was 25.6 months and mean follow up 16 months. One hundred and 41 patients started on NTG, 36 on BTX, and 31 went straight to surgery. One patient opted for no treatment. Symptoms persisted in 58 (41.1%) of 141 NTG patients. Forty‐five (31.9% of NTG subset) were advanced to BTX and 13 (9.2% of subset) to surgery. Of the 81 (36 primary + 45 secondary) BTX patients (38.8% of the total), only 11 (13.6% of subset) required surgery. A total of 55 (31 primary + 24 secondary; 26.3%) patients needed surgery: two (3.6%) fissures did not heal, one patient developed an abscess, 14 (25.5%) had prolonged wound healing and two (3.6%) developed a recurrent fissure after the sphincterotomy had healed.Conclusion  Our algorithm is effective in CAF and the majority of patients respond to conservative management. Only 26.3% of all patients require surgery, which is effective but also carries some temporary morbidity.
SZPILRAJN, ARROW AND SUZUMURA: CONCISE PROOFS OF EXTENSION THEOREMS AND AN EXTENSION
Authors: Cato Susumu 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper extends the classical extension theorem established by Edward Szpilrajn (Fundamenta Mathematicae, 16, pp. 386–389, 1930). Szpilrajn's theorem states that every quasi‐ordering has an ordering extension. Because of its usefulness in various themes of economics, it has been applied by many researchers. Important generalizations have been presented by two authors, Kenneth Arrow and Kotaro Suzumura, among others. First, we provide concise proofs of four extension theorems by Szpilrajn, Arrow and Suzumura. We then show an extension of their extension theorems.
The effect of major depression on postexercise cardiovascular recovery
Authors: Gordon Jennifer L. , Ditto Blaine , Lavoie Kim L. , Pelletier Roxanne , Campbell Tavis S. , Arsenault André , Bacon Simon L. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) mortality. Dysfunctional autonomic control of the CV system may represent a mechanism explaining this relationship. Poor CV recovery after exercise, indicative of dysfunctional autonomic control of the CV system, predicts CV events and death. This is the first study to examine the association between MDD and postexercise CV recovery. Some 886 patients underwent exercise stress tests. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were measured at rest, peak exercise, 1 min, and 5 min after exercise. Patients with MDD had slower HR recovery (p=.026) 1 min after exercise than non‐MDD patients. No other effects of MDD were found. MDD is accompanied by a dysregulation in autonomic control of exercise‐related CV recovery, suggesting that depressed individuals have a slow parasympathetic recovery from exercise.
Effects of repetition priming on electrophysiological and behavioral indices of conflict adaptation and cognitive control
Authors: Clayson Peter E. , Larson Michael J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe investigated the effects of repetition priming on indices of conflict adaptation. Event‐related potentials (ERPs) were obtained while 210 healthy individuals (111 female, 99 male) completed an Eriksen flanker task. Error rates, response times (RTs), and N2 and P3 amplitudes showed significant conflict adaptation (i.e., previous‐trial congruencies influenced current‐trial measures). After omitting trials with stimulus‐response repetitions, RTs did not index conflict adaptation, but did show switching effects; error rates and N2 and P3 amplitudes remained sensitive to conflict adaptation. P3 amplitudes positively correlated with RTs. N2 amplitudes correlated with RTs only on incongruent trials following congruent trials after excluding repetitions. Results indicate that neural indices of conflict monitoring remain reliably associated with conflict adaptation effects in the absence of RT adjustments upon omission of repetition priming effects.
Geographic range determinants of two commercially important marine molluscs
Authors: Mellin Camille , Russell Bayden D. , Connell Sean D. , Brook Barry W. , Fordham Damien A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAim  We modelled the spatial abundance patterns of two abalone species (Haliotis rubra Donovan 1808 and H. laevigata Leach 1814) inhabiting inshore rocky reefs to better understand the importance of current sea surface temperature (SST) (among other predictors) and, ultimately, the effect of future climate change, on marine molluscs.Location  Southern Australia.Methods  We used an ensemble species distribution modelling approach that combined likelihood‐based generalized linear models and boosted regression trees. For each modelling technique, a two‐step procedure was used to predict: (1) the current probability of presence, followed by (2) current abundance conditional on presence. The resulting models were validated using an independent, spatially explicit dataset of abalone abundance patterns in Victoria.Results  For both species, the presence of reef was the main driver of abalone occurrence, while SST was the main driver of spatial abundance patterns. Predictive maps at c. 1‐km resolution showed maximal abundance on shallow coastal reefs characterized by mild winter SSTs for both species.Main conclusions  Sea surface temperature was a major driver of abundance patterns for both abalone species, and the resulting ensemble models were used to build fine‐resolution predictive range maps (c. 1 km) that incorporate measures of habitat suitability and quality in support of resource management. By integrating this output with structured spatial population models, a more robust understanding of the potential impacts of threatening human processes such as climate change can be established.
Angiotensin‐(1‐7) inhibits epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation via a Mas receptor‐dependent pathway
Authors: Akhtar Saghir , Yousif Mariam HM , Dhaunsi Gursev S , Chandrasekhar Bindu , Al‐Farsi Omama , Benter Ibrahim F 
Published: August 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The transactivation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor appears to be an important central transduction mechanism in mediating diabetes‐induced vascular dysfunction. Angiotensin‐(1‐7) [Ang‐(1‐7)] via its Mas receptor can prevent the development of hyperglycaemia‐induced cardiovascular complications. Here, we investigated whether Ang‐(1‐7) can inhibit hyperglycaemia‐induced EGF receptor transactivation and its classical signalling via ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK in vivo and in vitro.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats were chronically treated with Ang‐(1‐7) or AG1478, a selective EGF receptor inhibitor, for 4 weeks and mechanistic studies performed in the isolated mesenteric vasculature bed as well as in primary cultures of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).KEY RESULTS Diabetes significantly enhanced phosphorylation of EGF receptor at tyrosine residues Y992, Y1068, Y1086, Y1148, as well as ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK in the mesenteric vasculature bed whereas these changes were significantly attenuated upon Ang‐(1–7) or AG1478 treatment. In VSMCs grown in conditions of high glucose (25 mM), an Src‐dependent elevation in EGF receptor phosphorylation was observed. Ang‐(1‐7) inhibited both Ang II‐ and glucose‐induced transactivation of EGF receptor. The inhibition of high glucose‐mediated Src‐dependant transactivation of EGF receptor by Ang‐(1‐7) could be prevented by a selective Mas receptor antagonist, D‐Pro7‐Ang‐(1‐7).CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results show for the first time that Ang‐(1‐7) inhibits EGF receptor transactivation via a Mas receptor/Src‐dependent pathway and might represent a novel general mechanism by which Ang‐(1‐7) exerts its beneficial effects in many disease states including diabetes‐induced vascular dysfunction.
Flavan‐3‐ol esters: new agents for exploring modulatory sites on GABAA receptors
Authors: Fernandez Sebastian P , Karim Nasiara , Mewett Kenneth N , Chebib Mary , Johnston Graham AR , Hanrahan Jane R 
Published: August 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Enhancement of GABAergic function is the primary mechanism of important therapeutic agents such as benzodiazepines, barbiturates, neurosteroids, general anaesthetics and some anticonvulsants. Despite their chemical diversity, many studies have postulated that these agents may bind at a common or overlapping binding site, or share an activation domain. Similarly, we found that flavan‐3‐ol esters act as positive modulators of GABAA receptors, and noted that this action resembled the in vitro profile of general anaesthetics. In this study we further investigated the interactions between these agents.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Using two‐electrode voltage clamp electrophysiological recordings on receptors of known subunit composition expressed in Xenopus oocytes, we evaluated positive modulation by etomidate, loreclezole, diazepam, thiopentone, 5α‐pregnan‐3α‐ol‐20‐one (THP) and the flavan‐3‐ol ester 2S,3R‐trans 3‐acetoxy‐4′‐methoxyflavan (Fa131) on wild‐type and mutated GABAA receptors.KEY RESULTS The newly identified flavan, 2S,3S‐cis 3‐acetoxy‐3′,4′‐dimethoxyflavan (Fa173), antagonized the potentiating actions of Fa131, etomidate and loreclezole at α1β2 and α1β2γ2L GABAA receptors. Furthermore, Fa173 blocked the potentiation of GABA responses by high, but not low, concentrations of diazepam, but did not block the potentiation induced by propofol, the neurosteroid THP or the barbiturate thiopental. Mutational studies on ‘anaesthetic‐influencing’ residues showed that, compared with wild‐type GABAA receptors, α1M236Wβ2γ2L and α1β2N265Sγ2L receptors are resistant to potentiation by etomidate, loreclezole and Fa131.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Fa173 is a selective antagonist that can be used for allosteric modulation of GABAA receptors. Flavan‐3‐ol derivatives are potential ligands for etomidate/loreclezole‐related binding sites at GABAA receptors and the low‐affinity effects of diazepam are mediated via the same site.
Subglacial bed deformation and dynamics of the Apriķi glacial tongue, W Latvia
Authors: SAKS TOMAS , KALVANS ANDIS , ZELČS VITĀLIJS 
Published: August 2011

Saks, T., Kalvans, A. & Zelčs, V. 2012 (January): Subglacial bed deformation and dynamics of the Apriķi glacial tongue, W Latvia. Boreas, Vol. 41, pp. 124–140. 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2011.00222.x. ISSN 0300‐9483.We evaluate the glacial dynamics and subglacial processes of the Apriķi glacial tongue in western Latvia during the Northern Lithuanian (Linkuva) oscillation of the last Scandinavian glaciation. The spatial arrangement of glacial bedforms and deformation structures are used to reconstruct the ice dynamics in the study area. The relationship between geological structures at the glacier bed and the spatial distribution of drumlins and glacigenic diapirs, on the one hand, and the permeability of sediment and bedrock, on the other, is ascertained. Drumlins are found in the upper part of the Apriķi glacial tongue area and are composed of soft deformable sediments overlying highly permeable Devonian dolomite. The soft deformable clayey silty bed with low hydraulic conductivity is conducive to the development of diapirs. The occurrence of diapirs and drumlins is controlled by the fluctuation of pore‐water pressure at the glacier bed and is considered to be an indicator of fast ice flow of the Apriķi glacial tongue during its reactivation at the end of the Oldest Dryas (18–15 ka BP).
Extreme cold winter events in southern China during AD 1650–2000
Authors: ZHENG JINGYUN , DING LINGLING , HAO ZHIXIN , GE QUANSHENG 
Published: August 2011

Zheng, J., Ding, L., Hao, Z. & Ge, Q. 2012 (January): Extreme cold winter events in southern China during AD 1650–2000. Boreas, Vol. 41, pp. 1–12. 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2011.00225.x. ISSN 0300‐9483.We defined extreme cold winter events as those with occurrence probabilities lower than the 10th percentile of the probability density function, based on observed winter temperatures in southern China since 1951. Subsequently, we constructed impact severity levels using documentary evidence for those events during 1951–2000, considering three indexes for the freezing of rivers/lakes, widespread snow/ice storms, and cold damage to subtropical/tropical crops. Using these criteria we identified 50 extreme cold winters for the period AD 1650–1949 based on ∼4000 pieces of comparable information extracted from local gazettes in southern China, after verification using data from three weather stations with long records. It was found that the frequencies of the extreme cold winter events since 1650 varied over time. The most frequent occurrences were found during AD 1650–1699 and in the first and second halves of the 19th century, with frequencies twice as high as in the second half of the 20th century. In contrast, the frequencies of extreme winters during the 18th century were close to that in the second half of the 20th century. High frequencies of extreme cold winters in AD 1650–1720 and AD 1795–1835 occurred during the sunspot Maunder and Dalton Minima. The intensities of some historical cold events, such as those during 1653–1654, 1670, 1690, 1861, 1892 and 1929, exceeded those of the coldest winter events since 1951.
Designing a Health Behavior Change Program for Dissemination to Underserved Pregnant Women
Authors: Prochaska Janice M. , Mauriello Leanne , Dyment Sharon , Gökbayrak Simay 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACT Objectives: The paper describes the formative research conducted toward developing a health behavior change program for underserved pregnant women. It is provided as an example to guide researchers, academics, and practitioners on how to incorporate dissemination in all aspects of project planning and implementation.Design and Sample: A series of formative research was conducted, including an advisory council, expert interviews, 6 focus groups and 5 usability interviews with the target population (n=53), key informant interviews, expert reviews of the pilot program, and a pilot test (n=87). A total of 140 underserved pregnant women were recruited from Community Health Center Inc. in Connecticut.Results: The extensive formative research served to lay the foundation for the development of a healthy pregnancy behavior change program. The pilot test exemplified the feasibility and acceptability of the program.Conclusion: Successful adoption of interventions depends upon strong formative research, participatory research methods, interdisciplinary collaboration, and a commitment to dissemination from project inception. The development of the intervention discussed serves as a useful and practical example for others working in health care and behavioral medicine to improve the overall health and well‐being of the underserved.
Does Similarity in Educational Level Between Health Promotion Volunteers and Local Residents Affect Activity Involvement of the Volunteers?
Authors: Murayama Hiroshi , Taguchi Atsuko , Murashima Sachiyo 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACT Objectives: This study examined whether similarity in educational level, as a socioeconomic background factor, between health promotion volunteers (HPVs) and residents in the district where HPVs work encourages the volunteers' involvement in providing activities.
Design and Sample: Cross‐sectional questionnaire survey. A total of 512 HPVs in a Japanese city with 5 districts.
Measures: We focused on the number of activities related to working as an HPV as an aspect of involvement in the HPV role. HPV individual educational level was collected from a questionnaire. District educational level was obtained from the Japanese census database.
Results: Of 512 questionnaires, 363 were returned and used for the analysis. Multiple regression analysis stratified by district educational level indicated that a higher educational level in HPVs was significantly associated with a greater number of self‐motivated activities in the districts with a higher educational level, although the association between a lower HPV educational level and more activity involvement was not found in districts with a lower educational level.
Conclusions: It is important to consider similarity in educational level, as a socioeconomic status factor, between HPVs and the districts in which they will work when recruiting new members and when allocating HPVs to work areas.