bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transparent conductive oxide‐less three‐dimensional cylindrical dye‐sensitized solar cell fabricated with flexible metal mesh electrode
Authors: Usagawa Jun , Pandey Shyam S. , Ogomi Yuhei , Noguchi Sho , Yamaguchi Yoshihiro , Hayase Shuzi 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTA cylindrical transparent conductive oxide‐less dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC) consisting of glass tube/stainless steel mesh–TiO2–dye/gel electrolytes/Pt‐Ti rod having capability of self‐light trapping is reported. Replacing the glass tube with heat‐shrinkable tube to reduce electrolyte gap and optical loss due to light transmission and reflection led to the enhancement in the power conversion efficiency from 2.61% to 3.91%. Profiling of the current distribution measured by laser beam‐induced current exhibited nearly the same current in the axial and radial directions, suggesting that light reflection on a cylindrical DSSC does not affect the efficiency seriously. Optimized best DSSC in this novel device architecture gave a short‐circuit current density of 11.94 mA/cm2, an open‐circuit voltage of 0.71 V and a fill factor of 0.66 leading to the power conversion efficiency of 5.58% at AM 1.5 under simulated solar irradiation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quadratic corrections to three‐point functions
Authors: Arnaudov D. , Rashkov R.C. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractFollowing the recent progress on the calculation of three‐point correlators with two “heavy” (with large quantum numbers) and one “light” states at strong coupling, we compute the logarithmic divergent terms of leading bosonic quantum corrections to correlation functions with “heavy” operators corresponding to simple string solutions in AdS5 × S5. The “light” operator is chosen to be the dilaton. An important relation connecting the corrections to both the dimensions of “heavy” states, and the structure constants is recovered.
Low power microwave‐assisted enzymatic esterification of starch
Authors: Lukasiewicz Marcin , Kowalski Stanislaw 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA series of starch esters was obtained using microwave‐assisted enzymatic transformation of starch. For the reaction hog pancreas lipase was used as a biocatalyst as well as followed acyl donors: acetic, lauric, and stearic acid. DMF and DMSO were applied as a reaction media. Experiments focused on low level microwave irradiation were compared with conventional heating of the reaction mixture. The structure of obtained starch esters was investigated by means of FTIR, analysis of substitution degree, changes in molecular parameters (MWs and MWs distributions), and microscopic studies (SEM). The spectroscopic analysis confirmed the ester bond formation. The microwave‐assisted reaction in DMF and lauric acid as an acyl donor, gave the highest degree of substitution (0.513) what followed the lowest polysaccharide degradation and maintaining the granular structure of starch. According to all the results the significant shortening in the reaction time (about 2.5 times) for microwave‐assisted reactions were observed. The influence of microwaves on esterification of starch was discussed focusing on reaction media and acyl donor type. The investigated reaction systems were demonstrated as new protocols for obtaining starch ester with higher efficiency in comparison to those known as conventional. Replacement of sophisticated derivatives including vinyl esters or acyl chlorides by simple acyl donors were shown as an additional benefit of proposed starch esterification method.
Computational toxicology: a tool for all industries
Authors: Marchant Carol A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractStatistical, expert system, and machine learning methods among others have been used to developin silicotools for the prediction of toxicological hazard from chemical structure. The models are being applied to the mammalian and environmental toxicological assessment of chemicals across a range of industries including cosmetics, foods, industrial chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. Their use within a regulatory environment has also been encouraged by recent legislation. Generally, the models address the potential toxicity of low to medium molecular weight organic chemicals but models for other chemical types such as proteins and nanoparticles have also received some attention. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:Computer and Information Science > Chemoinformatics
Carry-over effect of host nutritional quality on performance of spruce budworm progeny
Authors: Fuentealba A. , Bauce É. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe effect of host nutritional quality on spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana(Clemens)) parental and offspring performance was studied using field and laboratory rearing experiments, and foliar chemical analyses. Foliage of balsam fir (Abies balsamea(L.) Mill.), white spruce (Picea glauca(Moench) Voss) and black spruce (P. mariana(Mill.) BSP) was used to rear the parental generation in the field, whereas an artificial diet was used to rear the progeny under laboratory conditions. Important differences in the food quality were provided by the three hosts. Black spruce foliage had higher concentrations of certain monoterpene deterrents and total phenolics, together with stronger seasonal declines in nutrients such as N, P and Mg, compared with the other hosts. We hypothesise that this trend may be related to poor performance and survival of the progeny. Laboratory rearing showed that progeny of parents that fed on black spruce exhibited longer developmental times and greater mortality, and had lower pupal mass than progeny of parents fed on the other hosts. Further, artificial food-fed progeny of insects reared on black spruce reached sixth-instar later, with lower mass, and exhibited higher relative growth rate (RGR) than progeny of parents fed on the other hosts. These results suggest nutritionally-based parental effects. These results also confirmed that the quality of food consumed by the parents can influence the fitness of the next generation.
Perturbational analysis of dual trigonometric series associated with boundary conditions of first and third kind
Authors: Kelman Robert B. 
Published: November 2011

SynopsisExistence and uniqueness theorems are established for dual trigonometric equations having right-hand sides that are given functions of bounded variation. The first equation in each pair has coefficients, say {Jn(n + h)} or (jn(n + h – ½)}, and the second equation coefficients {jn)}, where h is a nonnegative constant. A potential problem involving mixed boundary conditions of first and third kind is associated with each dual series. The potential problem is analysed using a stepwise perturbation procedure involving solutions in powers of h. The analysis demonstrates that the present dual series problem can be resolved if the dual series problem associated with the case h = 0 is solvable, the latter being a result obtained earlier.
The asymptotic behaviour of semigroups of nonlinear contractions having large sets of fixed points
Authors: Pazy A. 
Published: November 2011

SynopsisThe asymptotic behaviour of semigroups of nonlinear contractions which have a set of fixed points containing a ball of finite codimension is studied. It is shown that the ω-limit sets of such semigroups are finite dimensional tori, and that an analogue of the classical Kronecker-Weil theorem holds for such semigroups.
A boundary-value problem for an ordinary differential equation whose coefficients are in a B*-algebra
Authors: Moodie James 
Published: November 2011

SynopsisWe give some results on a boundary-value problem for an ordinary differential equation whose coefficients are in the B*-algebra C(K), where K is a compact metric space. We deduce the existence of a countable number of eigenvalues and corresponding eigenfunctions, the latter being complete in a certain sense. There follows an expansion result and some remarks on a self-adjoint realisation of the associated differential operator.
Non-linear Sturm-Liouville problems with no secondary bifurcation
Authors: McLeod J. B. , Stuart C. A. 
Published: November 2011

SynopsisThe paper is concerned with giving sufficient conditions that in the non-linear boundary-value problemthere should be no secondary bifurcation, i.e. that, given a branch of solutions (u, λ) bifurcating from the trivial solution, there should be no further bifurcation on that branch. Sufficient conditions on G are given which include, for example, Kolodner's problem of the motion of a heavy rotating string.
The interlacing of eigenvalues for periodic multi-parameter problems
Authors: Browne Patrick J. 
Published: November 2011

SynopsisThis paper studies a linked system of second order ordinary differential equationswhere xx ∈ [ar, br] and the coefficients qrars are continuous, real valued and periodic of period (br − ar), 1 ≤ r,s ≤ k. We assume the definiteness condition det{ars(xr)} > 0 and 2k possible multiparameter eigenvalue problems are then formulated according as periodic or semi-periodic boundary conditions are imposed on each of the equations of (*). The main result describes the interlacing of the 2k possible sets of eigentuples thus extending to the multiparameter case the well known theorem concerning 1-parameter periodic equation.
Periodic solutions of special differential equations: an example in non-linear functional analysis
Authors: Nussbaum Roger D. 
Published: November 2011

SynopsisWe consider differential-delay equations which can be written in the formThe functions fi and gk are all assumed odd. The equationis a special case of such equations with q = N + 1 (assuming f is an odd function). We obtain an essentially best possible theorem which ensures the existence of a non-constant periodic solution x(t) with the properties (1) x(t)≧0 for 0≦t≦q, (2) x(–t) = –x(t) for all t and (3) x(t + q) = –x(t) for all t. We also derive uniqueness and constructibility results for such special periodic solutions. Our theorems answer a conjecture raised in [8].
Generic bifurcation and symmetry with an application to the Von Kármán equations
Authors: Vanderbauwhede André L. 
Published: November 2011

SynopsisA generic bifurcation theory is developed which is somewhat different from the approach in [4]. We put special emphasis on equations satisfying additional symmetry properties and on the non-generic bifurcation sets arising in this context. We apply our results on the von Kármán equations for the buckling of a rectangular plate under a compressive thrust and a normal load.
Fundamental solutions for the anisotropic neutron transport equation
Authors: Conlon Joseph G. 
Published: November 2011

SynopsisWe construct a fundamental solution for the n dimensional time independent anisotropic neutron transport equation. This is an operator valued distribution G(x) with a singularity at the origin. By estimating G(x) we are able to construct smooth solutions to the transport equation. We are also able to derive in a straightforward fashion results of Birkhoff and Abu-Shumays on the existence of harmonic solutions to the isotropic transport equation. When n = 1, G(x) is a function which is continuous except at x = 0. We show that the classical formula for the jump of G(x) at the origin is equivalent to the completeness of Case's full range eigenfunction expansion.
Norm inequalities involving derivatives
Authors: Evans W. D. , Zettl A. 
Published: November 2011

SynopisisA new method for studying inequalities of the type ‖y(r)‖2<ε‖Sk−ry(k)‖2 + K(ε)‖S−ry‖2 and ‖y′‖2≦ Kp(S)‖Sy″‖ ‖S−1y‖ is presented here. With this new approach we obtain new and far reaching extensions of previously known inequalities of this sort as well as simpler proofs of the known cases. In addition we obtain an inequality of type ‖Sy′‖<ε‖(Sy′)′‖ + K(ε)‖y‖ for a general class of functions S. Also we give an elementary operator-theoretic proof of Everitt's characterization of the best constant as well as all cases of equality for
Oscillation theorems for semilinear elliptic differential operators
Authors: Naito Manabu , Yoshida Norio 
Published: November 2011

SynopsisThe semilinear elliptic differential operator L[u] = Δu + c(x, u) is studied and sufficient conditions are derived for all solutions of uL[u] ≦ 0 with suitable boundary conditions to be oscillatory in unbounded domains of Rn. Here, unbounded domains to be considered are cones, strips and cylinders in Rn. The results are based on the conditions for the non-existence of positive solutions of ordinary differential inequalities.
Semigroups of translations associated with functional and functional differential equations
Authors: Dyson Janet , Villella-Bressan Rosanna 
Published: November 2011

Functional and functional differential equations in a Banach space X are related to systems of operators A(t) in C = C(−r, 0; X), given byConditions are sought on F such that A(t) generates an evolution system U(t, s)φThis system gives the segments of solution for φ in a certain domain which is determined.
Jacobi fields and geodesic spheres
Authors: Vanhecke L. , Willmore T. J. 
Published: November 2011

SynopsisThis is a contribution to the general problem of determining the extent to which the geometry of a riemannian manifold is determined by properties of its geodesic spheres. In particular we show that total umbilicity of geodesic spheres determines riemannian manifolds of constant sectional curvature; quasi-umbilicity of geodesic spheres determines Kähler and nearly-Kähler manifolds of constant holomorphic sectional curvature; and the condition that geodesic spheres have only two different principal curvatures, one having multiplicity 3, determines manifolds locally isometric to the quaternionic projective spaces. The use of Jacobi vector fields leads to a unified treatment of these different cases.
Strongly irregular boundary value problems
Authors: Schultze Bernd 
Published: November 2011

SynopsisA new class of irregular boundary value problems—non-regular in the sense of Birkhoff—is studied. This class of strongly irregular problems includes the class of boundary value problems with irregular decomposing boundary conditions. For each strongly irregular problem we can find a problem with irregular decomposing boundary conditions so that we have equiconvergence with respect to Riesz typical means of the eigenfunction expansions arising from these two problems of an arbitrary summable function.
On regularized distance and related functions
Authors: Fraenkel L. E. 
Published: November 2011

SynopsisLetFbe any closed subset of ℝN. Stein's regularized distance is a smooth (C∞) function, defined on the complementcF, that approximates the distance fromFof any pointx ∈cFin the manner shown by the inequalities (*) in the Introduction below. In this paper we use a method different from Stein's to construct a one-parameter family of smooth approximations to any positive Lipschitz continuous function, with the effect that the constants in (*) can be made arbitrarily close to 1. It is shown that partial derivatives of order two or more, while necessarily unbounded, are best possible in order of magnitude.
Positive solutions of a non-linear eigenvalue problem with discontinuous non-linearity
Authors: Nistri Paolo 
Published: November 2011

SynopsisWe seek non-trivial solutions (u,λ)∈C1([0,1])×[0,∞ with u(x)≧0 for all x ∈[0,1], of the nonlinear eigenvalue problem –u″(x)=λf(u(x)) for x ∈ (0,1) and u(0)=u(1)=0,where f:[0,∞)→[0,∞) is such that f(p) = 0, for p ∈ [0,1), and f(p) = K(p), for p ∈ (1,∞), and K: [1, ∞)→(0, ∞) is assumed to be twice continuously differentiable. (The value ƒ(1) is only required to be positive.)Existence and multiplicity theorems are given in the cases where ƒ is asymptotically sub-linear and ƒ is asymptotically super-linear. Moreover if strengthened assumptions are made on the growth of the non-linear term ƒ we obtain the precise number of non-trivial solutions for given values of λ ∈ [0, ∞).
On certain fourth-order integral inequalities
Authors: Russell A. 
Published: November 2011

SynopsisThe integral inequalities with which this paper is concerned areandwhereK(μ) andK1(μ) are positive numbers which depend on μ.It is shown that each of these inequalities is valid only when μ = 0. Results relating to the corresponding inequalities on the extended interval (−∞, ∞) are also given.
A representation theorem for a complete Boolean algebra of projections
Authors: Dowson H. R. , Gillespie T. A. 
Published: November 2011

SynopsisLet B be a complete Boolean algebra of projections on a complex Banach space X and let (B) denote the closed algebra of operators generated by B in the norm topology. It is shown that there is a complex Hilbert space H, a complete Boolean algebra B0 of self-adjoint projections on H, and an algebraic isomorphism of B onto B. This isomorphism is bicontinuous when B and B are endowed with the norm topologies, the weak operator topologies or the ultraweak operator topologies. It is also bicontinuous on bounded sets with respect to the strong operator topologies on B and B. As an application, it is shown that the weak and ultraweak operator topologies in fact coincide on B.
Oscillation criteria for second order hyperbolic initial value problems
Authors: Pagan Gordon , Stocks David 
Published: November 2011

SynopsisIt is established that under certain restrictions the solution u of the equation uxy − gu = 0 satisfying u(x, 0) = p(x) and u(0,y) = q(y) in ([0, = ∞) × [0, ∞), changes sign in where (X, Y) is any point in the relevant region.
Higher order Wirtinger inequalities
Authors: Kreith Kurt , Swanson Charles A. 
Published: November 2011

SynopsisWirtinger-type inequalities of order n are inequalities between quadratic forms involving derivatives of order k ≦ n of admissible functions in an interval (a, b). Several methods for establishing these inequalities are investigated, leading to improvements of classical results as well as systematic generation of new ones. A Wirtinger inequality for Hamiltonian systems is obtained in which standard regularity hypotheses are weakened and singular intervals are permitted, and this is employed to generalize standard inequalities for linear differential operators of even order. In particular second order inequalities of Beesack's type are developed, in which the admissible functions satisfy only the null boundary conditions at the endpoints of [a, b] and b does not exceed the first systems conjugate point (a) of a. Another approach is presented involving the standard minimization theory of quadratic forms and the theory of “natural boundary conditions”. Finally, inequalities of order n + k are described in terms of (n, n)-disconjugacy of associated 2nth order differential operators.
An extension of the method of the hypercircle to linear operator problems with unilateral constraints
Authors: Collins W. D. 
Published: November 2011

SynopsisBy using a Hilbert space decomposition theorem for two polar cones it is shown that the method of the hypercircle can be extended to determine solutions to best approximation problems involving unilateral constraints. The method is applied to abstract boundary value problems for linear operators involving such constraints.
On the local stability of wave fronts defined by eikonal equations
Authors: Rand David 
Published: November 2011

SYNOPSISAssociated with a Cauchy problem for an eikonal equation is a structure of caustics and wave fronts. The geometrical properties of these structures are of considerable interest and one would like to classify them. The first step in such a programme is to identify those solutions whose structures have certain (structural) stability properties or robustness. These are structures which survive small perturbations of the initial conditions. (It turns out that they also survive small perturbations of the equation.) This problem for caustics has been tackled with considerable success by a number of authors, in particular by Arnold. Here we develop the analogous, but different, theory for wave fronts and give an algebraic characterization of those local solutions of eikonal equations which have stable wave front structures. From this result it is easy to deduce the qualitative form of those stable wave front structures which occur when the propagation occurs in a space of dimension not greater than five. They correspond to Thorn's elementary catastrophes, as demonstrated by Zakalyukin.
Limit-point criteria for systems of differential equations
Authors: Frentzen Hilbert 
Published: November 2011

SYNOPSISFor a certain class of first order systems of differential equations several theorems are derived which give sufficient conditions for an appropriate sesquilinear form to be identically zero on suitable spaces of solutions of the system. As a consequence for second order systems limit-point criteria are obtained which include rather general criteria in the case of second order equations. The method used involves sequences of auxiliary functions and is most expedient for the proof of interval limit-point criteria. The theory is also applicable to second order equations with complex coefficients yielding sufficient conditions for the existence of solutions which are not of integrable square.
Finite direct products of finite cyclic semigroups and their characterization
Authors: Trueman D. C. 
Published: November 2011

SynopsisWe prove that a finite semigroup which is decomposable into a direct product of cyclic semigroups which are not groups is uniquely so decomposable, and show how the non-group cyclic direct factors of a finite semigroup, if they exist, can be found.
The direct and inverse scattering problems for an arbitrary cylinder: Dirichlet boundary conditions
Authors: Colton David , Kleinman Ralph 
Published: November 2011

SynopsisThe exterior Dirichlet problem for the Helmholtz equation in two dimensions is reduced to a boundary integral equation which is soluble by iteration. A standard application of Green's theorem leads to boundary integral equations which are not uniquely soluble because the operator has an eigenvalue. The present approach modifies the operator in such a way that the former eigenvalue is in the resolvent spectrum for low frequencies. The results are applied to the inverse scattering problem wherein the far field is known for a limited frequency range and one seeks the curve on which a plane wave is incident and a Dirichlet boundary condition is assumed. The first iterate in the solution of the boundary integral equation is used to obtain a sequence of moment problems relating the Fourier coefficients of the far field to the coefficients of the Laurent expansion of the conformai transformation which maps the exterior of a circle onto the exterior of the unknown curve. These moment problems are soluble in terms of the mapping radius which in turn may be determined from scattered far field data for an incident plane wave from a second direction.
A comparison theorem for the first nodal line of the solutions of quasilinear hyperbolic equations with non-increasing initial values
Authors: Hsiang Wu-Teh , Kwong Man Kam 
Published: November 2011

SynopsisThe oscillatory behaviour of quasilinear hyperbolic equations of the formis studied using a Sturmian-type comparison theorem. We assume that for some function ψ′(x)≦0 and ψ′(x≦0.) The existence of the first nodal line of u is then inferred from the existence of that of the solution ν ofwith .Some results of Pagan are improved using this approach and a problem posed by him is also studied.
On Jenkins-Strebel differentials for open Riemann surfaces
Authors: Gardiner Frederick P. 
Published: November 2011

SynopsisDual extremum problems associated with an infinite family of admissible loops on a Riemann surface are shown to be solvable by Jenkins-Strebel differentials. Then the inequalities associated with these problems are used to calculate the first derivatives of extremal length functionals on Teichmüller space and to estimate the difference quotients for the second derivatives of these functions.