bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chlorhexidine Gluconate Reduces Transmission of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusUSA300 among Marine Recruits
Authors: Whitman Timothy J. , Schlett Carey D. , Grandits Greg A. , Millar Eugene V. , Mende Katrin , Hospenthal Duane R. , Murray Patrick R. , Tribble David R. 
Published: July 2012

Background.Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) pulsed-field type (PFT) USA300 causes skin and soft tissue infections in military recruits and invasive disease in hospitals. Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) is used to reduce MRSA colonization and infection. The impact of CHG on the molecular epidemiology of MRSA is not known.Objective.To evaluate the impact of 2% CHG—impregnated cloths on the molecular epidemiology of MRSA colonization.Design.Cluster-randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.Setting.Marine Officer Candidate School, Quantico, Virginia, in 2007.Participants.Military recruits.Intervention.Thrice-weekly application of CHG-impregnated or control (Comfort Bath; Sage) cloths over the entire body.Measurements.Baseline and serial (every 2 weeks) nasal and/or axillary swab samples were assessed for MRSA colonization. Molecular analysis was performed with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.Results.During training, 77 subjects (4.9%) acquired MRSA, 26 (3.3%) in the CHG group and 51 (6.5%) in the control group (P= .004). When analyzed for PFT, 24 subjects (3.1%) in the control group but only 6 subjects (0.8%) in the CHG group (P= .001) had USA300. Of the 167 colonizing isolates recovered from 77 subjects, 99 were recovered from the control group, including USA300 (40.4%), USA800 (38.4%), USA1000 (12.1%), and USA100 (6.1%), and 68 were recovered from the CHG group, including USA800 (51.5%), USA100 (23.5%), and USA300 (13.2%).Conclusions.CHG decreased the transmission of MRSA—more specifically, USA300—among military recruits. In addition, USA300 and USA800 outcompeted other MRSA PFTs at incident colonization. Future studies should evaluate the broad-based use of CHG to decrease transmission of USA300 in hospital settings.
The Mayo Prosthetic Joint Infection Risk Score: Implication for Surgical Site Infection Reporting and Risk Stratification
Authors: Berbari Elie F. , Osmon Douglas R. , Lahr Brian , Eckel-Passow Jeanette E. , Tsaras Geoffrey , Hanssen Arlen D. , Mabry Tad , Steckelberg James , Thompson Rodney 
Published: July 2012

Objective.The goal of this study was to develop a prognostic scoring system for the development of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) that could risk-stratify patients undergoing total hip (THA) or total knee (TKA) arthroplasties.Design.Previously reported case-control study.Setting.Tertiary referral care setting from 2001 through 2006.Methods.A derivation data set of 339 cases and 339 controls was used to develop 2 scores. A baseline score and a 1-month-postsurgery risk score were computed as a function of the relative contributions of risk factors for each model. Points were assigned for the presence of each factor and then summed to get a subject's risk score.Results.The following risk factors were detected from multivariable modeling and incorporated into the baseline Mayo PJI risk score: body mass index, prior other operation on the index joint, prior arthroplasty, immunosuppression, ASA score, and procedure duration (c index, 0.722). The 1-month-postsurgery risk score contained the same variables in addition to postoperative wound drainage (cindex, 0.716).Conclusion.The baseline score might help with risk stratification in relation to public reporting and reimbursement as well as targeted prevention strategies in patients undergoing THA or TKA. The application of the 1-month-postsurgery PJI risk score to patients undergoing THA or TKA might benefit those undergoing workup for PJI.
Recent Exposure to Antimicrobials and Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae: The Role of Antimicrobial Stewardship
Authors: Marchaim Dror , Chopra Teena , Bhargava Ashish , Bogan Christopher , Dhar Sorabh , Hayakawa Kayoko , Pogue Jason M. , Bheemreddy Suchitha , Blunden Christopher , Shango Maryann , Swan Jessie , Lephart Paul R. , Perez Federico , Bonomo Robert A. , Kaye Keith S. 
Published: July 2012

Background.Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are rapidly emerging worldwide. Control group selection is critically important when analyzing predictors of antimicrobial resistance. Focusing on modifiable risk factors can optimize prevention and resource expenditures. To identify specific predictors of CRE, patients with CRE were compared with 3 control groups: (1) patients with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae, (2) patients with non-ESBL-containing Enterobacteriaceae, and (3) uninfected controls.Design.Matched multivariable analyses.Patients and Setting.Patients possessing CRE that were isolated at Detroit Medical Center from September 1, 2008, to August 31, 2009.Methods.Patients were matched (1:1 ratio) to the 3 sets of controls. Matching parameters included (1) bacteria type, (2) hospital/ facility, (3) unit/clinic, (4) calendar year, and (5) time at risk (ie, from admission to culture). Matched multivariable analyses were conducted between uninfected controls and patients with CRE, ESBL, and non-ESBL Enterobacteriaceae. Models were also designed comparing patients with CRE to patients with ESBL, patients with non-ESBL Enterobacteriaceae, and all 3 non-CRE groups combined.Results.Ninety-one unique patients with CRE were identified, and 6 matched models were constructed. Recent (less than 3 months) exposure to antibiotics was the only parameter that was consistently associated with CRE, regardless of the group to which CRE was compared, and was not independently associated with isolation of ESBL or non-ESBL Enterobacteriaceae.Conclusions.Exposure to antibiotics within 3 months was an independent predictor that characterized patients with CRE isolation. As a result, antimicrobial stewardship efforts need to become a major focus of preventive Interventions. Regulatory focus regarding appropriate antimicrobial use might decrease the detrimental effects of antibiotic misuse and spread of CRE.
First Report of Potato Stem Canker Caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG-5 in China
Authors: Yang Y. , Wu X. 
Published: July 2012

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is grown worldwide as a major food crop. Potato stem canker is an important disease mainly caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG-3 (4). In 2011, samples of potato stem canker were collected from 26 sites in Heilongjiang Province, northeast China. Stem fragments taken from the margins of the healthy and diseased tissues were surface disinfected with 0.5% NaOCl for 2 min, rinsed with sterile water, then placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 25°C in the dark. Twenty-two fungal isolates taken from single hyphal tips were identified as R. solani based on morphological traits. Colonies were light brown with abundant growth of mycelia and produced brown, irregular sclerotia after 20 days on PDA. Mycelium was branched at right angles with a septum near the branch and a slight constriction at the branch base. Hyphal cells were determined to be multinucleate (five to 13 nuclei per cell) when stained with 4′-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Anastomosis groups were determined by pairing with reference strains (kindly provided by N. Kondo, Hokkaido University, Japan) (1), and six out of 22 isolates anastomosed with R. solani AG-5. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was amplified from genomic DNA of the AG-5 isolates with primers ITS1 and ITS4. The ITS sequences (GenBank Accession Nos. JQ946291 to JQ946296) were 99% identical to R. solani isolate AG-5 ND1 (GenBank Accession No. HQ629863). Therefore, based on molecular characteristics and the anastomosis assay, these six isolates were confirmed to be R. solani AG-5. To determine the pathogenicity of R. solani AG-5 isolates, potato seed tubers (cv. Favorita) with 3- to 5-mm sprouts were inoculated with wheat seeds (sterilized by autoclaving twice at 121°C for 1 h with a 24-h interval) colonized with each isolate (2). Wheat seeds were placed 10 mm above the uppermost sprout tip (one seed per sprout). Plants were incubated in glasshouse conditions maintained at 25 to 27°C. After 3 weeks, all inoculated plants showed symptoms of potato stem canker disease, whereas control plants inoculated with sterilized wheat seeds remained healthy. R. solani AG-5 was consistently reisolated from symptomatic stems, and the identity was confirmed by morphological and molecular characteristics as previously described, fulfilling Koch's postulates. Potato stem canker caused by R. solani AG-5 was previously detected in Australia, South Africa, Finland, and Japan (3). However, to our knowledge, this is the first report of R. solani AG-5 on potato in China. Besides previously reported AGs 1, 3, and 4 implicated in Rhizoctonia disease in China, AG 5 should also be taken into account when designing programs for disease management in potato. References: (1) W. C. Kronland and M. E. Stanghellini. Phytopathology 78:820, 1988. (2) M. J. Lehtonen et al. Plant Pathol. 57:141, 2008. (3) M. J. Lehtonen et al. J. Agric. Food Sci. 18:223, 2009. (4) L. Tsror. J. Phytopathol. 158:649, 2010.
An update on DNA barcoding: low species coverage and numerous unidentified sequences
Authors: Kwong Shiyang , Srivathsan Amrita , Meier Rudolf 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDNA barcoding was proposed in 2003, the Consortium for the Barcode of Life was established in 2004, and the movement has since attracted more than $80 million funding. Here we investigate how many species of multicellular animals have been barcoded. We compare the numbers in a public database (GenBank as of January 2012) with those in the Barcode of Life Database (BOLD) and find that GenBank contains COI (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1) sequences for ca. 60 000 species while BOLD reports barcodes for ca. 150 000 species. The discrepancy is likely due to a large amount of unpublished data in BOLD. Overall, the species coverage remains sparse, growth rates are low, and the barcode accumulation curve for Metazoa is linear with only 4788 species having been added in 2011. In addition, the vast majority of species in the public database (73%) were barcoded by projects that are unlikely to be related to the DNA barcoding movement. Particularly surprising was the large number of DNA barcodes in GenBank that were not identified to species (Jan 2012: 74%), with insect barcodes often being identified only to order. Of these several hundred thousand have since been suppressed by NCBI because they did not satisfy the iBOL/GenBank early release agreement. Species coverage is considerably better for target taxa of DNA barcoding campaigns (e.g. birds, fishes, Lepidoptera), although it also falls short of published campaign targets.© The Willi Hennig Society 2012
Immunohistochemical analysis‐based proteomic subclassification of newly diagnosed glioblastomas
Authors: Motomura Kazuya , Natsume Atsushi , Watanabe Reiko , Ito Ichiro , Kato Yukinari , Momota Hiroyuki , Nishikawa Ryo , Mishima Kazuhiko , Nakasu Yoko , Abe Tatsuya , Namba Hiroki , Nakazato Yoichi , Tashiro Hiroshi , Takeuchi Ichiro , Mori Tsutomu , Wakabayashi Toshihiko 
Published: July 2012

Recent gene expression and copy number profilings of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network suggest the existence of distinct subtypes of this tumor. However, these approaches might not be easily applicable in routine clinical practice. In the current study, we aimed to establish a proteomics‐based subclassification of GBM by integrating their genomic and epigenomic profiles. We subclassified 79 newly diagnosed GBM based on expression patterns determined by comprehensive immunohistochemical observation in combination with their DNA copy number and DNA methylation patterns. The clinical relevance of our classification was independently validated in TCGA datasets. Consensus clustering identified the four distinct GBM subtypes: Oligodendrocyte Precursor (OPC) type, Differentiated Oligodendrocyte (DOC) type, Astrocytic Mesenchymal (AsMes) type and Mixed type. The OPC type was characterized by highly positive scores of Olig2, PDGFRA, p16, p53 and synaptophysin. In contrast, the AsMes type was strongly associated with strong expressions of nestin, CD44 and podoplanin, with a high glial fibrillary acidic protein score. The median overall survival of OPC‐type patients was significantly longer than that of the AsMes‐type patients (19.9 vs 12.8 months). This finding was in agreement with the Oncomine analysis of TCGA datasets, which revealed that PDGFRA and Olig2 were favorable prognostic factors and podoplanin and CD44 were associated with a poor clinical outcome. This is the first study to establish a subclassification of GBM on the basis of immunohistochemical analysis. Our study will shed light on personalized therapies that might be feasible in daily neuropathological practice. (Cancer Sci, doi: 10.1111/j.1349‐7006.2012.02377.x, 2012)
Inferring denudation variations from the sediment record; an example of the last glacial cycle record of the Golo Basin and watershed, East Corsica, western Mediterranean sea
Authors: Calvès G. , Toucanne S. , Jouet G. , Charrier S. , Thereau E. , Etoubleau J. , Marsset T. , Droz L. , Bez M. , Abreu V. , Jorry S. , Mulder T. , Lericolais G. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractGeophysical data and sampling of the Golo Basin (East Corsica margin) provide the opportunity to study mass balance in a single drainage system over the last 130 kyr, by comparing deposited sediments in the sink and the maximum eroded volume in the source using total denudation proxies. Evaluation of the solid sediments deposited offshore and careful integration of uncertainties from the age model and physical properties allow us to constrain three periods of sedimentation during the last climatic cycle. The peak of sedimentation initiated during Marine Isotopic Stage (MIS) 3 (ca. 45 ka) and lasted until late in MIS 2 (ca. 18 ka). This correlates with Mediterranean Sea palaeoclimatic records and the glaciation in high altitude Corsica. The yield of solid sediment into the Golo Basin drops in the observed present day Mediterranean basins (gauging stations), whereas the palaeo‐denudation estimate derived from the sediments over the last glacial period is one to ten times higher than that predicted using cosmogenic or thermochronometer estimates of exhumation. The catchment‐wide denudation rate calculated from deposited solid sediment ranges from 47 to 219 mm kyr−1, which is higher than the estimate from palaeosurface ablation in the proximal part of the source (9–140 mm kyr−1) and lower than the distal, narrow, incised channel of the Golo River (160–475 mm kyr−1). This mismatch raises questions about the investigation of denudation at millennial‐time scale (kyr) and at higher integrating times (Myr) as a reliable tool for determining the effect of climate change on mountain building and on sedimentary basin models.
Online learning applied to a course on rational therapeutics: an international comparison between final year students of two medical schools
Authors: Likic Robert , White Casey , Cinti Sandro , Purkiss Joel , Fantone Joseph , Chapman Chris , Bielen Luka , Francetic Igor , Engleberg Cary 
Published: July 2012

IntroductionPoor prescribing is probably the most common cause of preventable medication errors and many of these events involve junior doctors. In 2009, an electronic problem‐based therapeutics course developed at the University of Michigan Medical School (UMMS) was translated and adapted for use at the University of Zagreb Medical School (UZMS).MethodsAfter students from both schools took the course in 2010, we compared their responses with an online questionnaire addressing the course quality and its effectiveness.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences in the overall average grades awarded for the course (UZMS 4.11 ± 0.86 vs. UMMS 3.96 ± 0.93; 95% CI mean difference (MD) – 0.36, 0.07; P = 0.175) with both student groups expressing high satisfaction rates with its quality, accessibility and overall design. UZMS students reported spending less time working through the course than their American colleagues (2.14 ± 1.01 vs. 2.89 ± 1.02 on a five point Likert scale; 95% CI MD 0.51, 0.99; P < 0.05). Furthermore, Croatian students indicated greater difficulty with course materials (3.54 ± 0.59 vs. 3.25 ± 0.59; 95% CI MD – 0.42, – 0.15; P < 0,05) and weekly multiple choice questions (3.83 ± 0.62 vs. 3.4 ± 0.61; 95% CI MD – 0.58, – 0.29; P < 0,05) compared with the UMMS students.ConclusionIt is possible to adapt and translate successfully whole online teaching resources and implement them internationally in different countries and health care systems, achieving similar, high student satisfaction rates while decreasing administrative and cost burdens. Web based learning may have great potential to offer a cost effective and safe environment in which prescribing skills can be improved.
Spectrophotometric analysis of coronal discolouration induced by grey and white MTA
Authors: Ioannidis K. , Mistakidis I. , Beltes P. , Karagiannis V. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAimTo evaluate the specific alterations in tooth colour with white and grey MTA when used to fill pulp chambers.MethodologyForty‐five fully developed, intact, mandibular third molars were sectioned 1 mm below their cemento‐enamel junction (CEJ). Their pulp chambers were chemo‐mechanically debrided, and the specimens were randomly assigned into three groups: Group 1–white MTA (Angelus™), Group 2–grey MTA (Angelus™) and Group 3–negative control (unfilled). During the experimental period, specimens were immersed in vials containing distilled water up to the CEJ (37±1 °C). Spectral reflectance lines were recorded by utilizing a UV–vis spectrophotometer equipped with an integration sphere in the visual spectrum, at baseline, 1 week and 1, 2 and 3 months after placement of the materials. Data were transformed into values of the CIE
L*a*b* colour system, and the corresponding ΔΕ values were calculated. The results were analysed using two‐way mixed anova models, whilst pairwise comparisons were conducted with Bonferroni's method at P < 0.05 level of significance.ResultsBoth types of MTA induced significant decreases in L*, a* and b* values. The colour change was greater with grey MTA. Grey MTA led to clinically perceptible crown discolouration after 1 month, whilst the total colour change caused by white MTA exceeded the perceptible threshold for the human eye after 3 months.ConclusionsThe application of both grey and white MTA formulations induced a decrease in lightness and reduction in redness and yellowness in teeth. The present findings suggest that application of grey MTA in the aesthetic zone should be avoided, whilst white MTA should be used with caution when filling pulp chambers with the materials.
Misperception among rural diabetic residents: a cross‐sectional descriptive study
Authors: Huang Tzu‐Ting , Guo Su‐Er , Chang Chia‐Hao , Huang Jui‐Chu , Lin Ming‐Shyan , Lee Chia‐Mou , Chen Mei‐Yen 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the self‐perception of diabetes control associated with physical indicators and with practicing exercise and a healthy diet, among rural residents.BackgroundIt remains unclear whether a subject's self‐perception of diabetes control increases its deleterious effects.DesignCross‐sectional, correlational.MethodsWe recruited 715 participants from 18 primary healthcare centres in the rural regions of Chiayi County, Taiwan. Data were collected between 1 January 2009–30 June 2010. Logistic regression was conducted to identify the determinant factors associated with perceptions of diabetes control.ResultsA high percentage of participants overestimated their fasting blood glucose and HbA1C status. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, and waist circumference exceeded the medical standard in the ‘feel good’ group, and many did not adopt a healthy diet and undertake physical activity. The final logistic regression model demonstrated that residents with diabetes who exercised frequently had normal fasting glucose, and normal HbA1C tended to perceive ‘feel good’ control.ConclusionMisperception and unawareness of diabetes control were prevalent among rural residents. Addressing misperceptions among rural residents with diabetes and increasing their knowledge of professional advice could be important steps in improving diabetes control in an elder population.
Systematic reviews showed insufficient evidence for clinical practice in 2004: what about in 2011? The next appeal for the evidence‐based medicine age
Authors: Villas Boas Paulo José Fortes , Spagnuolo Regina Stella , Kamegasawa Amélia , Braz Leandro Gobbo , Polachini do Valle Adriana , Jorge Eliane Chaves , Yoo Hugo Hyung Bok , Cataneo Antônio José Maria , Corrêa Ione , Fukushima Fernanda Bono , do Nascimento Paulo , Módolo Norma Sueli Pinheiro , Teixeira Marise Silva , de Oliveira Vidal Edison Iglesias , Daher Solange Ramires , El Dib Regina 
Published: July 2012

AbstractRationale and aimThe aims of the Cochrane systematic reviews are to make readily available and up‐to‐date information for clinical practice, offering consistent evidence and straightforward recommendations. In 2004, we evaluated the conclusions from Cochrane systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials in terms of their recommendations for clinical practice and found that 47.83% of them had insufficient evidence for use in clinical practice. We proposed to reanalyze the reviews to evaluate whether this percentage had significantly decreased.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of systematic reviews published in the Cochrane Library (Issue 7, 2011) was conducted. We randomly selected reviews across all 52 Cochrane Collaborative Review Groups.ResultsWe analyzed 1128 completed systematic reviews. Of these, 45.30% concluded that the interventions studied were likely to be beneficial, of which only 2.04% recommended no further research. In total, 45.04% of the reviews reported that the evidence did not support either benefit or harm, of which 0.8% did not recommend further studies and 44.24% recommended additional studies; the latter has decreased from our previous study with a difference of 3.59%.ConclusionOnly a small number of the Cochrane collaboration's systematic reviews support clinical interventions with no need for additional research. A larger number of high‐quality randomized clinical trials are necessary to change the ‘insufficient evidence’ scenario for clinical practice illustrated by the Cochrane database. It is recommended that we should produce higher‐quality primary studies in active collaboration and consultation with global scholars and societies so that this can represent a major component of methodological advance in this context.