bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carotenoid Composition and Vitamin A Value in Ají (Capsicum baccatum L.) and Rocoto (C. pubescens R. & P.), 2 Pepper Species from the Andean Region
Authors: Rodríguez‐Burruezo Adrián , González‐Mas Maria del Carmen , Nuez Fernando 
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  The carotenoid patterns of fully ripe fruits from 12 Bolivian accessions of the Andean peppers Capsicum baccatum (ají) and C. pubescens (rocoto) were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)‐photodiode array detector (PDA)‐mass spectrometry (MS). We include 2 California Wonder cultivars as C. annuum controls. A total of 16 carotenoids were identified and differences among species were mostly found at the quantitative level. Among red‐fruited genotypes, capsanthin was the main carotenoid in the 3 species (25% to 50% contribution to carotenoid fraction), although ajíes contained the lowest contribution of this carotenoid. In addition, the contribution of capsanthin 5,6‐epoxide to total carotenoids in this species was high (11% to 27%) in comparison to rocotos and red C. annuum. Antheraxanthin and violaxanthin were, in general, the next most relevant carotenoids in the red Andean peppers (6.1% to 10.6%). Violaxanthin was the major carotenoid in yellow‐/orange‐fruited genotypes of the 3 species (37% to 68% total carotenoids), although yellow rocotos were characterized by lower levels (<45%). Cis‐violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, and lutein were the next most relevant carotenoids in the yellow/orange Andean peppers (5% to 14%). As a whole, rocotos showed the highest contributions of provitamin A carotenoids to the carotenoid fraction. In terms of nutritional contribution, both ajíes and rocotos provide a remarkable provitamin A activity, with several accessions showing a content in retinol equivalents higher than California Wonder controls. Furthermore, levels of lutein in yellow/orange ajíes and rocotos were clearly higher than California Wonder pepper (≥1000 μg·100/g). Finally, the Andean peppers, particularly red ajíes, can be also considered as a noticeable source of capsanthin, the most powerful antioxidant compound among pepper carotenoids.Practical Application:  Capsicum peppers are known for their content in carotenoids, although there is no information about 2 species with Andean origin: ajíes and rocotos. Due to their relevance for the Andean cuisine and increasing importance in ethnic restaurants in Europe, we studied their carotenoid pattern and vitamin A contribution.
A Matter of Trust: From Social Preferences to the Strategic Adherence to Social Norms
Authors: Krueger Joachim I. , Massey Adam L. , DiDonato Theresa E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn a mathematical analysis of the trust game, we show that utility‐maximizing trustees should establish equal payoffs or return nothing depending on the strength of their social preferences (benevolence and inequality aversion). Trustors may invest any amount depending on their social preferences and their expectations regarding the trustees’ preferences. For both types of player, empirical distributions of transfers are rather flat, however, and players’ morality, but not their rationality, is judged in proportion to the money transferred. This pattern of findings suggests that people are primarily motivated by self‐interest, and that they adhere to relevant social norms inasmuch as they can enhance their self‐image or reputation as a moral person.
Why Negotiators Should Reveal Their Deadlines: Disclosing Weaknesses Can Make You Stronger
Authors: Gino Francesca , Moore Don A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractConventional wisdom holds that negotiators who are under time pressure should avoid revealing their final deadlines to the other side, especially if they are in a weak position. The present study questions this conventional wisdom. The experiment manipulates time pressure on the negotiators, knowledge of that time pressure, and each side’s power at the bargaining table. Power is manipulated by varying the quality of each side’s alternatives to negotiated agreement (BATNAs). Results show that negotiators benefited from revealing their final deadlines, regardless of the strength of their BATNAs. The discussion explores why this simple lesson is counterintuitive and why negotiators mistakenly believe they ought to keep their deadlines secret.
Electronic Tuning of Ruthenium Complexes by 8‐Quinolate Ligands
Authors: Bryan Sears R. , Joyce Lauren E. , Turro Claudia 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA series of Ru(II) complexes were synthesized with the deprotonated forms of the ligands 8‐hydroxyquinoline (quo−) and 5‐NO2‐8‐hydroxyquinoline (5‐NO2‐quo−) as analogs to the prototypical complex [Ru(bpy)3]2+ (bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine). Electrochemistry, spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations were utilized to investigate the electronic tuning of the occupied t2g‐type orbitals of the metal center with variation in the ligation sphere. The maximum of the lowest energy absorption of complexes containing one, two and three 8‐quinolate ligands progressively redshifts from 452 nm in [Ru(bpy)3]2+ to 510 nm in [Ru(bpy)2(quo)]+, 515 nm in [Ru(bpy)(quo)2] and 540 nm in [Ru(quo)3]− in water. This bathochromic shift results from the increase in energy of the occupied t2g‐type orbital across the series afforded by coordination of each subsequent quo− ligand to the Ru(II) center. Time‐dependent density functional theory calculations along with electrochemical analysis reveals that the lowest energy transition has contributions in the highest occupied molecular orbital from both the quo− ligand and the metal, such that the lowest energy transition is not from an orbital that is purely metal‐centered in character as in [Ru(bpy)3]2+.
Peculiar Properties of Photoinduced Hydroxylaminolysis in Different Bacteriorhodopsin‐based Media Using O‐Substituted Hydroxylamines
Authors: Dyukova Tatyana V. , Druzhko Anna B. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe process of photoinduced hydroxylaminolysis has been re‐examined in different bacteriorhodopsin (BR)‐based media using O‐substituted hydroxylamines, in particular, O‐(4‐nitrobenzyl) hydroxylamine hydrochloride (NBHA), O‐(2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorobenzyl) hydroxylamine hydrochloride (FBHA) and O‐(t‐butyl) hydroxylamine hydrochloride (BHA). Both wild type (WT) and D96N BR‐based gelatine films and gels were studied. The expected increase in the bleaching rate of BR in gelatin films by using O‐substituted hydroxylamines in place of HA was not achieved. On the other hand, it was shown that in gels HA derivatives NBHA and FBHA (as against HA itself) do provide about three‐ to four‐fold higher bleaching rate. By contrast to that in films, D96N BR in gels demonstrates more effective bleaching as compared to WT BR. The plausible interpretation for the results is discussed in frames of reduced mobilities of large‐sized molecules of O‐substituted hydroxylamines in dehydrated media. FBHA‐ or NBHA‐modified gels possess higher photosensitivity both with D96N and WT BR (as compared with that for HA‐modified gels) and offer a potentiality for application as an irreversible‐recording medium. As anticipated, it is specifically D96N BR gel modified with FBHA that may present a promising medium suitable for write‐once recording thus extending the range of recording materials in the optical processing field.
Proteomic Identification of Cathepsin B and Nucleophosmin as Novel UVA‐Targets in Human Skin Fibroblasts
Authors: Lamore Sarah D. , Qiao Shuxi , Horn David , Wondrak Georg T. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSolar UVA exposure plays a causative role in skin photoaging and photocarcinogenesis. Here, we describe the proteomic identification of novel UVA‐targets in human dermal fibroblasts following a two‐dimensional‐difference‐gel‐electrophoresis (2D‐DIGE) approach. Fibroblasts were exposed to noncytotoxic doses of UVA or left untreated, and total protein extracts underwent CyDye‐labeling followed by 2D‐DIGE/mass‐spectrometric identification of differentially expressed proteins, confirmed independently by immunodetection. The protein displaying the most pronounced UVA‐induced upregulation was identified as the nucleolar protein nucleophosmin. The protein undergoing the most pronounced UVA‐induced downregulation was identified as cathepsin B, a lysosomal cysteine‐protease displaying loss of enzymatic activity and altered maturation after cellular UVA exposure. Extensive lysosomal accumulation of lipofuscin‐like autofluorescence and osmiophilic material occurred in UVA‐exposed fibroblasts as detected by confocal fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Array analysis indicated UVA‐induced upregulation of oxidative stress response gene expression, and UVA‐induced loss of cathepsin B enzymatic activity in fibroblasts was suppressed by antioxidant intervention. Pharmacological cathepsin B inhibition using CA074Me mimicked UVA‐induced accumulation of lysosomal autofluorescence and deficient cathepsin B maturation. Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that cathepsin B is a crucial target of UVA‐induced photo‐oxidative stress causatively involved in dermal photodamage through the impairment of lysosomal removal of lipofuscin.
Duodenal ulcers dominate acute upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding in childhood: A 10‐year experience from Hong Kong
Authors: HOUBEN Christoph Heinrich , CHIU Philip Wai Yan , LAU James Yun Wong , LEE Kim Hung , NG Enders Kwok Wai , TAM Yuk Him , YEUNG Chung Kwong 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVE:  Systematic reports on acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in children/adolescents are scanty. The aim of this study is to analyze its presentation, pathology and outcome in Hong Kong.METHODS:  A retrospective review of the hospital database for admissions up to the age of 18 years with signs of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding between 1 June 1996 and 31 May 2006.RESULTS:  During the 10‐year period 76 patients (55 boys) were admitted with signs of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The median age was 13.5 (range 0.25–18) years. Melena and hematemesis were by far the most frequent presentations. Medication was implicated in 16 cases (21%) as the possible cause for the bleeding. Endoscopic findings were a duodenal ulcer in 57 (75%) patients (50 boys) and a gastric ulcer in eight (10.5%). Helicobacter pylori infection was identified in 42 (55%) patients, of which 38 were found in duodenal ulcer patients. Eleven patients (14.5%) had interventions to achieve hemostasis: six epinephrine spray only, three thermal probe and two vessel ligation.After a median follow‐up time of 3.5 years six patients had a recurrent duodenal ulcer. Three patients died of unrelated illnesses.CONCLUSION:  Acute upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding in children and adolescents in Hong Kong is dominated by a duodenal ulcer in 75% of the patients. Acute bleeding is more frequent in boys (boy to girl ratio 2.6:1). Medication is a predisposing factor in 20% of the bleedings. Six patients (8%) have recurrent duodenal ulcers.
Role of bile reflux and Helicobacter pylori infection on inflammation of gastric remnant after distal gastrectomy
Authors: LI Xiao Bo , LU Hong , CHEN Hui Min , CHEN Xiao Yu , GE Zhi Zheng 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVE:  The influence of the main pathogenic factors on remnant gastritis is still to be evaluated. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of bile reflux and Helicobacter pylori infection on endoscopic inflammation and histological changes of gastric remnant after distal gastrectomy.METHODS:  A total of 281 patients with a more than 1‐year history of distal gastrectomy were retrospectively involved after excluding those with tumors and ulcers on endoscopy. The severity of endoscopic remnant gastritis and bile reflux were recorded during the endoscopy. The histological changes including chronic inflammation, activity, atrophy, intestinal metaplasia and H. pylori were evaluated independently.RESULTS:  An endoscopic inflammation of remnant gastric mucosae was found in 81.1% (228/281) of the patients. The prevalence of H. pylori infection and bile reflux in patients with endoscopic remnant gastritis was more common than in those without gastritis (21.5%vs 0%, 88.6%vs 24.5%, P < 0.0001). The score of histological chronic inflammation was significantly higher in patients with bile reflux than in those without obvious bile reflux (1.65 vs 1.45, P = 0.02). Chronic inflammation (1.82 vs 1.57), activity (0.78 vs 0.34), atrophy (0.67 vs 0.41) and intestinal metaplasia (0.67 vs 0.27) in H. pylori‐positive patients were all significantly more severe than in H. pylori‐negative patients.CONCLUSION:  Bile reflux and H. pylori infection exacerbates the severity of endoscopic remnant gastritis and chronic histological inflammation.
Clinicopathological study of lymph‐node metastasis in 1389 patients with early gastric cancer: Assessment of indications for endoscopic resection
Authors: HARUTA Hidenori , HOSOYA Yoshinori , SAKUMA Kazuya , SHIBUSAWA Hiroyuki , SATOH Kiichi , YAMAMOTO Hironori , TANAKA Akira , NIKI Toshiro , SUGANO Kentaro , YASUDA Yoshikazu 
Published: September 2010

BACKGROUND:  The endoscopic resection of early gastric cancers (EGC) is a standard technique in Japan and is increasingly used throughout the world. Further experience in the treatment of EGC and a clearer delineation of the factors related to lymph‐node metastasis would permit a more accurate assessment of endoscopic resection.METHODS:  The study group comprised 1389 patients with EGC who underwent gastrectomy with lymph‐node dissection. We evaluated the relations of lymph‐node metastasis to clinicopathological factors.RESULTS:  Of the 718 patients with intramucosal carcinomas, 14 (1.9%) had lymph‐node metastasis. All cases of lymph‐node metastasis were associated with ulceration. No lymph‐node metastasis was found in patients with intramucosal carcinomas without ulceration, irrespective of tumor size and histological type. Lymph‐node metastasis was present in 14 (4.7%) of the 296 patients who had cancer with a submucosal invasion depth of less than 500 μm (sm1). Significantly increased rates of lymph‐node metastasis were associated with undifferentiated types, ulcerated lesions and lymphatic invasion. No lymph‐node metastasis was found in patients with differentiated sm1 carcinomas 30 mm or less in diameter without ulceration. Lymph‐node metastasis occurred in 29% of the patients who had cancer with a submucosal invasion depth of 500 μm or more (sm2).CONCLUSION:  This large series of patients with EGC provides further evidence supporting the expansion of indications for endoscopic treatment, as well as warns against potential risks.
The oral health of older people: general dental practitioners' beliefs and treatment experience
Authors: Antoun Joseph S. , Adsett Luke A. , Goldsmith Samuel M. , Thomson W. Murray 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to examine New Zealand general dentists' beliefs about older people's oral health and to identify the important barriers that prevent dentists from treating institutionalized older adults. A postal survey was distributed nationwide to a representative sample of 700 dentists (response rate 64.5%).Dentists' beliefs were mostly consistent with current epidemiological knowledge, although most (81.5%) mistakenly believed that the root surface caries increment was greater than that for coronal caries. One in four had visited a long‐term care (LTC) facility during the previous 2 years. Over threequarters cited the inconvenience of leaving their practices as a barrier, and the lack of a financial incentive was cited by almost half. The results suggested that the areas most in need of attention were the LTC staff's oral health knowledge and attitudes, as well as government policies.Although dentists' beliefs, practices, and attitudes occasion some optimism, the increase in the dentate older population means that policymakers will need to examine efficient, dentist‐acceptable ways of delivering care. The profession will need to develop and sustain an appropriate workforce.
A review of malocclusion among individuals with mental and physical disabilities
Authors: Winter Katherine , Baccaglini Lorena , Tomar Scott 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTOral health disparities between individuals with disabilities and the general population are widely reported in the literature, and malocclusion is no exception. As the number of people living with disabilities grows, so does the need to explore their oral health status. This review examines the reported prevalence of malocclusion in individuals with Down syndrome (DS), cerebral palsy (CP), cleft disorders, mental disabilities, and physical disabilities from 1976 to 2004. Malocclusion was assessed according to Angle's classifications, the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI), and selected occlusion characteristics. The prevalence of malocclusion was higher in individuals with disabilities than in controls without disabilities. Malocclusion was more frequent when the handicap was mental rather than physical in origin. Class II and Class III malocclusions were common in individuals with CP and DS, respectively. Crowding, anterior diastema, and > 1/2 cusp antero‐posterior molar relations were frequent among people with disabilities. Findings varied according to disability, but were attributed to musculoskeletal abnormalities, altered cranial‐base relationships, premature tooth eruption, corrective surgery, and lip incompetence. Only a deep bite was more frequent in controls compared to the individuals with disabilities.
Tooth surface protection for individuals who are mentally disabled
Authors: Yeganegi Khodayar S. , Tandon Shobha 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTFor individuals with mental disabilities, oral hygiene care is often neglected, especially in the posterior teeth. One hundred children and young adults, aged 7 to 25 years, who had mental disabilities were chosen to participate in this study. Fuji VII glass ionomer cement (GIC) was applied to the cervical third of posterior teeth using a split‐mouth design. The plaque accumulation on test and control side teeth were compared on follow‐up examinations and the retention of the GIC was evaluated on each surface. Plaque scores increased over time in both the test and the control sides, although the scores were significantly less on the test side when compared to the control side. The GIC was best retained on the maxillary buccal surface, and least on the mandibular lingual surfaces. The overall retention of the GIC was not adequate as a preventive measure.
Oral hygiene status in relation to sociodemographic factors of children and adults who are hearing impaired, attending a special school
Authors: Kumar Santhosh , Dagli Rushabh Jayesh , Mathur Anmol , Jain Manish , Duraiswamy Prabu , Kulkarni Suhas 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThis study examined the oral hygiene levels and periodontal status in a group of children and adults with hearing impairment attending a special school in Udaipur, India. Oral hygiene status was assessed by the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI‐S) of Greene and Vermillion and periodontal status by the Community Periodontal Index. An analysis using a bivariate analysis revealed that all the oral hygiene variables varied significantly with age, economic status, and education of the parents. A multiple regression analysis showed that the education of the mother was the single best predictor for oral hygiene status and explained 92% of the variance. These findings show that children with hearing impairment have poor oral hygiene and high levels of periodontal disease. This may be due to a lack of communication; hence, appropriate oral health education should be tailored to the needs of these students with the support of their teachers and their parents.
Lighting a path to pigmentation: mechanisms of MITF induction by UV
Authors: Liu Jue J. , Fisher David E. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryWhile sunlight is important for life, ultraviolet radiation (UVR) can have harmful and mutagenic effects. This duality is particularly relevant to human skin, in which UVR both participates in evolutionarily important photochemical reactions yet may act as a potential carcinogen. UVR can upregulate production of melanin, the “tanning response” that serves a photoprotective function. This genetic program is centrally tuned by the transcription factor MITF, a master regulator of melanogenesis and melanocyte function. In this review, we discuss the myriad consequences of UV exposure for skin homeostasis, highlighting the diverse pathways activated by this ultraviolet radiation.
Two Coronary “Orphan” Diseases in Search of Clinical Consideration: Coronary Syndromes X and Y
Authors: Gori Tommaso , Fineschi Massimo 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYWe set out to describe the clinical characteristics of patients presenting with acute or stable coronary syndromes and no stenosis in epicardial coronaries. Although the existence of patients who experience typical angina and who have intact epicardial coronaries is well accepted, the pathophysiology of cardiac ischemia in this setting remains poorly understood. In typical coronary syndrome X, it is believed that at least two components play a role: the first is the incapacity of coronary resistance vessels to adapt to situations of increased blood demand, resulting in demand ischemia; the second is an inappropriate transduction or generation or pain stimuli within the central nervous system. These two mechanisms concur to determine episodes of precordial pain and electrocardiogram (ECG) evidence of ischemia during exercise. In contrast, the coronary slow‐flow phenomenon, or syndrome Y, is an angiographic finding that is characterized by delayed progression of the contrast medium during coronary angiography. Although the mechanism of this phenomenon remains largely unknown, it has been proposed that it might depend on the presence of inappropriately high resting coronary resistances, causing reduced blood flow and therefore low‐flow ischemia and unstable angina. Importantly, the prognosis of many of the patients presenting with coronary slow‐flow does not appear to be favorable, with recurrence of acute coronary syndromes and life‐threatening arrhythmias. In the present article, we revise the current evidence regarding these two phenomena, and propose that syndrome Y should be considered a separate clinical entity.