bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Magnetic Field Direction on γ‐fiber Texture Evolution in Cold‐rolled Interstitial‐free Steel Sheet during Annealing
Authors: Wu Y. , He C.S. , Zhao X. , Zuo L. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe effects of magnetic field direction on γ‐fiber texture evolution in as‐annealed interstitial‐free (IF) steel sheet were investigated by means of X‐ray diffraction ODF analysis. Specimens cut from cold‐rolled IF steel sheets were placed at the center of a 12‐T magnetic field, tilted by different angles to the magnetic field direction respectively, and annealed at 750 °C for 30 min. The results show that altering the specimen orientation to the magnetic field direction during annealing does not change the final annealing textures. The average intensity of the γ‐fiber texture of specimens annealed under the magnetic field is higher compared to conventionally annealed specimens. The intensity of the main γ‐fiber texture components presents a similar periodic variation with respect to the specimen orientation to the magnetic field, i.e., it is weakened as the tilt angle increases from 0°, and subsequently strengthened to a maximum value at 45°, and then weakened again as the tilt angle continues to increase. When the magnetic field is applied in the direction perpendicular to the specimen's rolling plane, the intensity of the main γ‐fiber texture components of specimens annealed in the magnetic field is close to that of the specimen annealed without field. This phenomenon might be attributed to the demagnetic effect.
Globular Structure of M2 High Speed Steel by Thermomechanical Treatment in the Semisolid State
Authors: Amin‐Ahmadi B. , Aashuri H. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe globular structure of M2 high speed steel in the rolled ‐ annealed and as cast conditions was investigated in the semisolid state. Metallographic observations resulted in globular austenite particles that were surrounded by a liquid phase. Dissolution of various carbides in the austenite phase at semisolid temperatures led to grain boundary liquation and formation of near‐spherical solid grains in a liquid matrix. Therefore, at the semisolid state, the solid particles were free from carbides. MC‐ type and M6C‐ type eutectic carbides re‐ precipitated at the grain boundaries during cooling of the samples from the semisolid temperature. The variation of shape factor versus holding time and holding temperature was examined. A transition value for shape factor changes in high speed steels was achieved. The growth rate constants of the Ostwald ripening and the coalescence mechanisms were calculated by using the experimentally determined rate constant. It was observed that less liquid droplets were enclosed inside the solid particles compared with non‐ferrous alloys. Besides, it has been shown that at high solid fraction, the Ostwald ripening mechanism plays a prominent role in the coarsening phenomenon in comparison with the coalescence mechanism. Grains can rotate and arrange low misorientation with each other at high liquid contents, therefore low energetic grain boundaries form between these grains. These grain boundaries play an important role in the coalescence mechanism.
Integration of Blood Outgrowth Endothelial Cells in Dermal Fibroblast Sheets Promotes Full Thickness Wound Healing
Authors: Hendrickx Benoit , Verdonck Kristoff , Van den Berge Stefaan , Dickens Stijn , Eriksson Elof , Vranckx Jan Jeroen , Luttun Aernout 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Vascularization is the cornerstone of wound healing. We introduced human blood outgrowth endothelial cells (hBOEC) in a self-assembled human dermal fibroblast sheet (hDFS), intended as a tissue-engineered dermal substitute with inherent vascular potential. hBOEC were functionally and molecularly different from early endothelial progenitor cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). hBOEC alone, unlike HUVEC, efficiently revascularized and re-oxygenated the wound bed, both by active incorporation into new vessels and by trophic stimulation of host angiogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, hBOEC alone, but not HUVEC, accelerated epithelial coverage and matrix organization of the wound bed. In addition, integration of hBOEC in hDFS not only further improved vascularization, epithelial coverage and matrix organization but also prevented excessive wound contraction. In vitro analyses with hBOEC, fibroblasts and keratinocytes revealed that these effects were both due to growth factor crosstalk and to short cutting hypoxia. Among multiple growth factors secreted by hBOEC, placental growth factor mediated at least in part the beneficial effects on keratinocyte migration and proliferation. Overall, this combined tissue engineering approach paves the way for clinical development of a fully autologous vascularized dermal substitute for patients with large skin defects that do not heal properly.
Induction of micronuclei on Greek hairdressers occupationally exposed to chemical mixtures
Authors: Vlastos Dimitris , Ntinopoulos Alexandros 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSince the early 20th century, hairdressers (HD) have been exposed to a wide range of harmful chemical products. To determine the possible genetic damage to HD, as a result of their occupational exposure to combinations of different chemical factors, we applied the micronucleus assay on their peripheral blood lymphocytes cultures. The micronucleus assay was performed on blood samples from 20 Greek female HD and 20 control women, having no connection with the occupation, from the same area. In the results analysis, parameters included were age, smoking habits, and duration of occupational exposure. The results of our study showed a significant increase in HD micronuclei (MN) frequency, compared to the controls (13.4 ± 1.00 vs. 8.05 ± 0.65). The frequency of large‐size MN was significantly higher in the HD and presented potential correlation with the phenomenon of aneuploidy. A statistically significant difference in the frequency of MN between HD and controls who smoked was observed, while this was not the case with the non smoker groups. However, multiple regression analysis showed no significant correlation between smoking habits and MN frequency. The observed increase of the frequency of MN in HD is attributed to the long‐term occupational exposure of HD in combination with different chemical factors. Since in the literature there are very few similar studies, further combined studies are suggested on a larger number of HD from different countries, combining biological and molecular techniques, as well as chemical analytical methods of determining and tracing the chemical factors in both the occupational environment and their organisms. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2010.
The application of entropy for detecting behavioral responses in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) exposed to different toxicants
Authors: Fukuda Shinji , Kang Ik Joon , Moroishi Junya , Nakamura Ayumi 
Published: May 2010

AbstractGrowing concern over environmental pollution by chemicals that may directly or indirectly impact human and ecosystem health make it increasingly necessary to establish a biological early warning system to minimize these impacts. To achieve this, simple and reliable approaches and criteria for environmental risk assessment must be developed. We propose a new approach for detecting behavioral responses to toxicants in flowing water. We conducted a series of tests to determine toxic responses of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) to lethal concentrations of potassium cyanide (KCN; 10 mg L−1) and phenol (25 mg L−1). Fish movements were tracked by three‐dimensional (3D) biomonitoring under flow‐through conditions. The 3D data were used to evaluate behavioral responses in terms of swimming speed, vertical position in the water, and entropies of these parameters. Fish exposed to KCN surfaced more frequently than unexposed fish, whereas fish exposed to phenol stayed near the bottom. Maximum swimming speed significantly increased after exposure to both test chemicals, whereas median swimming speed significantly decreased after exposure. Despite large variations in swimming behavior between individual fish, toxic behavioral responses could be identified by the significant decrease in the entropy of vertical position after 10–30 min of exposure to the test chemicals. We conclude that the use of entropy can contribute to the development of a biological early warning system for detecting toxicants at early stages of pollution. To use the present approach to detect lower concentrations of toxicants, further studies should be conducted using long‐term monitoring of fish exposed to sublethal concentrations. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2010.
A probability perspective
Authors: Hehner Eric C. R. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
This paper draws together four perspectives that contribute to a new understanding of probability and solving problems involving probability. The first is the Subjective Bayesian perspective that probability is affected by one’s knowledge, and that it is updated as one’s knowledge changes. The main criticism of the Bayesian perspective is the problem of assigning prior probabilities; this problem disappears with our Information Theory perspective, in which we take the bold new step of equating probability with information. The main point of the paper is that the formal perspective (formalize, calculate, unformalize) is beneficial to solving probability problems. And finally, the programmer’s perspective provides us with a suitable formalism. To illustrate the benefits of these perspectives, we completely solve the hitherto open problem of the two envelopes.
Pre‐counseling Education for Low Literacy Women at Risk of Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC): Patient Experiences Using the Cancer Risk Education Intervention Tool (CREdIT)
Authors: Joseph Galen , Beattie Mary S. , Lee Robin , Braithwaite Dejana , Wilcox Carolina , Metrikin Maya , Lamvik Kate , Luce Judith 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe Cancer Risk Education Intervention Tool (CREdIT) is a computer‐based (non‐interactive) slide presentation designed to educate low‐literacy, and ethnically and racially diverse public hospital patients at risk of Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC) about genetics. To qualitatively evaluate participants’ experience with and perceptions of a genetic education program as an adjunct to genetic counseling, we conducted direct observations of the intervention, semi‐structured in person interviews with 11 women who viewed CREdIT, and post‐counseling questionnaires with the two participating genetic counselors. Five themes emerged from the analysis of interviews: (1) genetic counseling and testing for breast/ovarian cancer was a new concept; (2) CREdIT's story format was particularly appealing; (3) changes in participants’ perceived risk for breast cancer varied; (4) some misunderstandings about individual risk and heredity persisted after CREdIT and counseling; (5) the context for viewing CREdIT shaped responses to the presentation. Observations demonstrated ways to make the information provided in CREdIT and by genetic counselors more consistent. In a post‐session counselor questionnaire, counselors’ rating of the patient's preparedness before the session was significantly higher for patients who viewed CREdIT prior to their appointments than for other patients. This novel educational tool fills a gap in HBOC education by tailoring information to women of lower literacy and diverse ethnic/racial backgrounds. The tool was well received by interview participants and counselors alike. Further study is needed to examine the varied effects of CREdIT on risk perception. In addition, the implementation of CREdIT in diverse clinical settings and the cultural adaptation of CREdIT to specific populations reflect important areas for future work.
Complete Annular and Partial Oblique Pulley Release for Pediatric Locked Trigger Thumb
Authors: Kuo Meiying , Rayan Ghazi M. 
Published: May 2010

Purpose To report the surgical treatment outcome of pediatric locked trigger thumb by sequential release of the annular pulley and partial release of the oblique pulley. Materials and Methods A retrospective review was undertaken on 28 operative thumbs in 24 patients with an average follow-up of 79 months. Intraoperative observations focused on the pathology of the pulley system. Surgical technique involved complete release of the annular pulley, which alone was insufficient in relieving the deformity, along with release of the proximal 50% of the oblique pulley in all patients. Postoperative parameters of bowstringing, resolution of Notta's node, thumb interphalangeal motion, and patient/parent satisfaction were assessed. Results The oblique pulley appeared stenotic, whereas the annular pulley was observed to be membranous and nearly indistinguishable from the tendon sheath. No patients had recurrence of thumb locking or triggering. No bowstringing was detected, and Notta's node resolved fully in 19 of 20 thumbs. Five thumbs had an average of 12° less active IP joint motion without flexion contracture (i.e., less flexion). All patients or families expressed overall satisfaction with the procedure. Conclusion The annular pulley was attenuated in the majority of cases and the proximal half of the oblique pulley was stenotic in all patients. Releasing 50% of the oblique pulley after complete annular pulley release was necessary in all thumbs to achieve full FPL excursion. Mistaking the constricted proximal oblique pulley for an annular pulley may encourage releasing the entire oblique pulley, leading to an adverse result. Satisfactory outcome was achieved after surgical treatment of pediatric locked trigger thumbs. Type of Study/Level of Evidence Therapeutic IV.
Personalisierte Medizin durch individuelle Genome
Authors: Krawitz P. 
Published: May 2010

Zusammenfassung
Die dynamische Entwicklung in der Sequenziertechnologie hat die technischen Kosten sowie die Zeit, die benötigt wird, ein individuelles Genom zu entschlüsseln, so dramatisch reduziert, dass die komplette Sequenzierung persönlicher Genome für Privatpersonen und Gesundheitssysteme finanzierbar wird. Die breite Verfügbarkeit individueller Genome wird die Medizin weiter in Richtung einer informationsbasierten Wissenschaft treiben und die Bedeutung der informationswissenschaftlichen Techniken erhöhen.
Social and Spatial Influence of Customers on Other Customers in the Social-Servicescape
Authors: Tombs Alastair G. , McColl-Kennedy Janet R. 
Published: May 2010

Drawing on Social Facilitation theory and Affiliative Conflict theory, this three study paper investigates the social and spatial influence customers have on other customers present in a social servicescape–cafes. Unobtrusive, naturalistic observation is used to identify, categorise and evaluate the behaviour of customers on other customers across two empirical studies. In total 242 episodes were observed and analysed from 40 separate observation sessions, ranging from 60 to 150 min across three settings. A third study, comprised of four focus groups explores the why of the observed behaviours of Studies 1 and 2, and supports their key findings. Our findings show not only that the presence of customers influences the duration of the stay (social influence) of other customers, but also that customers influence other customers spatially (spatial influence). Specifically, individual customers and couples chose to be spatially close to other customers present for non-business meetings. Conversely, for business meetings customers tend to choose to be spatially apart from other customers. Managers and service personnel need to understand that customers influence other customers present even when there is no direct contact. First, service providers should recognise the occasion (business/social) and nature of the party (single/couples/group). Second, customers like to be spatially near other customers when they are on their own or as a couple and when they are there for a social, rather than business, occasion. Third, the duration of stay can be influenced either positively or negatively by other customers.
Three-Year Outcomes of a Visible Haematuria Clinic—No Initial Role for Urine Cytology?
Authors: Munro Nicholas. P. , Stower Michael J. , Urwin Graeme H. , Chan Koon. H. , Wilson J. Russell 
Published: May 2010

Objective: To review patients presenting in a specialist macroscopic (visible) haematuria clinic during 2005, incorporating 3 years of follow-up, and to assess the role of urine cytology. Patients and methods: All patients attending the 2005 macroscopic haematuria clinic were identified. All subsequent admissions, pathology and imaging for each patient were captured from the hospital IT system during 3 years of follow-up and reviewed retrospectively. Results: Five hundred and three patients were assessed. No significant abnormalities were diagnosed in 52%, benign disease in 27% and malignant disease in 21% (including 14% urothelial cancer, 3% renal cancer and 4% prostate cancer). All bladder tumours were diagnosed with flexible cystoscopy and the 3 upper-tract urothelial tumours by ultrasound. Overall, cytology had a sensitivity of 66% and specificity 90% but did not diagnose tumours that were not identified with other investigations. Patients with abnormal cytology without apparent cause underwent various investigations including IVU, cystoscopy and biopsy and no tumours were identified. After 3 years no occult diseases became apparent. Conclusions: Half of all those attending with visible haematuria had significant urological diagnoses (21% urological cancer). Urine cytology did not appear to add significant information in the initial assessment of visible haematuria.
Perinatal risk for common mental disorders and suicidal ideation among women in Paraguay
Authors: Ishida Kanako , Stupp Paul , Serbanescu Florina , Tullo Edgar 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between mental health problems among pregnant women and those in the postpartum period using a nationally representative sample of 6538 women aged 15–49 years from the National Survey of Demography and Sexual and Reproductive Health in Paraguay.MethodsThe predicted probabilities (PP) of common mental disorders (CMD) and suicidal ideation were assessed using the Self‐Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ‐20) and logistic regression models.ResultsNo evidence was found of an increased risk for mental health problems associated with being pregnant or in the postpartum period alone. The risk for CMD during pregnancy and the postpartum period and for suicidal ideation during pregnancy was significantly greater when the pregnancy was unintended. In addition, unintentionally pregnant women who had neither been in a union nor had a child were at a significantly higher risk for CMD and suicidal ideation compared with non‐pregnant and non‐postpartum women (PP: 0.54 versus 0.21 for CMD risk and 0.15 versus 0.02 for suicidal ideation). However, there were no significant differences by marital status among postpartum women.ConclusionThe significant effects of pregnancy intention and marital status highlight the importance of psychosocial, rather than physiological, contexts in which women experience pregnancy and childbirth.
Peasants in Revolt — Egypt 1919
Authors: Goldberg Ellis 
Published: May 2010

From March until late April 1919 Egypt suffered one of the great peasant revolts of her history and of the 20th century.1Contemporaries viewed it as having international importance because it was the result of thirty years of European domination, and its resolution would be likely to affect all Western colonial empires.2For us, it marks the emergence of Egyptian liberalism and the construction of the modern state.3.The insurrection began when four leaders of the Egyptian national movement were arrested on 9 March 1919. They were then exiled to Malta for insisting that the Egyptian delegation (wafd) to the Versailles Conference be recognized, so that it could demand that Egypt be accepted as an independent national state.
DNA curvature and flexibilityin vitroandin vivo
Authors: Peters Justin P. , Maher L. James 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIt has been more than 50 years since the elucidation of the structure of double-helical DNA. Despite active research and progress in DNA biology and biochemistry, much remains to be learned in the field of DNA biophysics. Predicting the sequence-dependent curvature and flexibility of DNA is difficult. Applicability of the conventional worm-like chain polymer model of DNA has been challenged. The fundamental forces responsible for the remarkable resistance of DNA to bending and twisting remain controversial. The apparent ‘softening’ of DNA measuredin vivoin the presence of kinking proteins and superhelical strain is incompletely understood. New methods and insights are being applied to these problems. This review places current work on DNA biophysics in historical context and illustrates the ongoing interplay between theory and experiment in this exciting field.
Marginal Competence, Risk Assessment, and Care Decisions: A Comparison of Values of Health Care Professionals and Older Adults
Authors: MacCourt Penny , Tuokko Holly 
Published: May 2010

RÉSUMÉPar l’utilisation d’un scénario impliquant une femme âgée vivant seule compétent marginalement à risque, nous avons évalué les decisions liées aux soins réalisés par les adultes plus âgés (n = 82) et les professionnels de la santé (professionnels de la santé, n = 87), et les différences identifiées dans les valeurs qui sous-tendent les décisions relatives aux soins. Dans l’ensemble, les participants n’ont pas placé une grande valeur à l’independance quand on a évalué les risques pour le client comme plus élevé et la sécurité comme aussi bas. Dans ces conditions, les répondants âgés tendaient à être plus paternaliste dans leurs décisions concernant les soins, tandis que les professionnels de la sante ont tendance à être plus salutaire. Si les valeurs des professionnels de la santé diffèrent de ceux des personnes âgées, quelle est la probabilité que les soins dispensés aux personnes âgées peu compétentes seront conformes à leurs désirs? Les soins donnés par les professionnels de la santé pourrait être ameliorés en y incorporant la connaissance des valeurs et des perspectives des autres adultes âgés.