bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Prospective Analysis of Elevated Fasting Glucose Levels and Cognitive Function in Older People
Authors: Euser Sjoerd M. , Sattar Naveed , Witteman Jacqueline C.M. , Bollen Eduard L.E.M. , Sijbrands Eric J.G. , Hofman Albert , Perry Ivan J. , Breteler Monique M.B. , Westendorp Rudi G.J. ,   for PROSPER and the Rotterdam Study
Published: April 2010

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the relationship between fasting glucose levels, insulin resistance, and cognitive impairment in old age. Diabetes is associated with cognitive impairment in older people. However, the link between elevated fasting glucose levels and insulin resistance in nondiabetic individuals, and the risk of cognitive impairment is unclear.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We analyzed data from, in total, 8,447 participants in two independent prospective studies: the PROspective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk (PROSPER), 5,019 participants, aged 69–84 years, and the Rotterdam Study, 3,428 participants, aged 61–97 years. Fasting glucose levels were assessed at baseline in both studies; fasting insulin levels were assessed in the Rotterdam Study only. Cognitive function was assessed in both studies at baseline and during follow-up.

RESULTS
Subjects with diabetes had impaired cognitive function at baseline. In contrast, in people without a history of diabetes, there was no clear association between baseline fasting glucose levels and executive function and memory, nor was there a consistent relationship between elevated baseline fasting glucose levels and the rate of cognitive decline in either cohort. Insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment index) was also unrelated to cognitive function and decline.

CONCLUSIONS
Elevated fasting glucose levels and insulin resistance are not associated with worse cognitive function in older people without a history of diabetes. These data suggest either that there is a threshold for effects of dysglycemia on cognitive function or that factors other than hyperglycemia contribute to cognitive impairment in individuals with frank diabetes.
Educational Institution's Image: A Case Study
Authors: Marič Miha , Pavlin Jasmina , Ferjan Marko 
Published: April 2010

Educational Institution's Image: A Case Study
This article presents our findings about the factors influencing educational institution's image. Based on the literature review we composed a web questionnaire which was send to all current students at University of Maribor's Faculty of Organizational Studies. Based on our research results we found out that eight factors influence educational institution's image which have various amounts of influence on the educational institutions image. The factor with the most influence is the quality of professors and of their lectures and the second most important factor is the learning content. These two factors come before all of the others in the matter of influencing the educational institutions image. Our basic recommendation is to build on these factors starting with the most important ones first.
Long-term Digital Preservation in E-government — a Case of Slovenia
Authors: Dečman Mitja 
Published: April 2010

Long-term Digital Preservation in E-government — a Case of Slovenia
The use of information and communication technology and its widespread presence cause a vast amount of data to be created in the public and private sectors every day. The widespread presence of e-government sites, services and communication in the developed world add even more data. This digital data does not only represent the accountability and reliability of the processes, steps and decisions taken by organisations, but also a source of information for future generations. This paper discusses the issue of long-term digital preservation with a special focus on long-term digital preservation in public administration. It analyses problematic issues, current development trends in this area, and principles and solutions that can be found around the world. The paper focuses on Slovenia as one of the EU countries that has most effectively developed its e-government during the last decade. It analyses the situation in Slovenia through legal, organisational and other changes that have appeared over the last few years, and considers this as a model for possible long-term digital preservation. To describe the situation for digital preservation in Slovenian public administration, the results of empirical research made in 2007 are used. The paper uses theoretical background from the field of digital preservation and empirical results to show the important link between e-business, e-government, e-governance and digital preservation. It demonstrates that since Slovenian public administration has strictly specified business processes, the task of implementing digital preservation is much easier. The same concepts can be transferred to the private sector in Slovenia or anywhere else in the world.
Effect of cytisine on some brain and hepatic biochemical parameters in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Simeonova Rumyana , Vitcheva Vessela , Mitcheva Mitka 
Published: April 2010

Effect of cytisine on some brain and hepatic biochemical parameters in spontaneously hypertensive ratsTobacco smoking is a risk factor for variety of cardio-vascular diseases, such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke and many others. It is of great importance for hypertensive patients to stop smoking. One of the medicines widely used for smoking cessation in Bulgaria is the original Bulgarian product Tabex®, which is developed on the basis of natural plant alkaloid cytisine. The aim of the following study was to ivestigate the effects of cytisine on some brain and hepatic biochemical parameters in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), an widely used rodent model for human essential hypertension, and to compare the obtained results with their age-matched normotensive controls Wistar Kyoto (WKY). Multiple cytisine administration did not affect the activity of ethylmorphine-N-demethylase (EMND) and anylinehydroxylase (AH), as well as the quantity of cytochrome P 450, nor in WKY neither in SHR In the liver cytisine increased the MDA quantity both in SHR and in WKY, by 25% (p<0.05) and by 29% (p<0.05) respectively, while the GSH level was not significantly changed by the compound in both strains. In contrast, on the brain level, cytisine administration to SHR caused more prominent toxicity, resulted in GSH depletion and increased MDA quantity, while in WKY strain did not exert any toxicity. Cytisine did not significantly affect ALAT and ASAT activity in both strains. In conclusion, the results of our study suggest higher brain toxicity of cytisine in spontaneously hypertensive rats, that might be due to their pathophysiological characteristics.
Passing-as-if
Authors: Roshanravan Shireen M. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Ethnic Studies and Asian American feminist scholars have investigated how the model-minority racial discourse functions to prevent cross-racial coalition and to cast doubt on Asian American women in their claims to Women of Color political identity. However, none of these analyses provides an account of how, for some Asian American women, the model-minority racial project has so significantly impacted their subjects formation that the transition to Women of Color politics becomes a desired yet delicate and anxiety-producing task. In this paper, I introduce the concept “passing-as-if” to elucidate the historical, ontological, and epistemological processes at play when those non-white women without collectively revalorized racial identities turn to identify politically as Women of Color. I define passing-as-if as the assumption of racial identities reviled by the mainstream yet collectively revalorized through historical processes of community-based struggle. In a horizontal move toward resistant sociality, I argue that passing-as-if functions as a maneuver for political company by those who are racialized as non-white yet who do not belong to groups that have collectively resisted racial oppression in the United States. Contextualizing the logics of passing-as-if within colonial and racial histories of middleman subject-formation, I focus on how this dynamic poses danger for Women of Color coalitions when it manifests—however unwittingly—in one's efforts to forge cross-racial and cross-cultural feminist solidarity.
“Hello, War Brides”
Authors: Yoshimizu Ayaka 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This article examines “Hello, War Brides,” a series of short, auto/biographical essays authored by two Japanese war brides from the state of Washington. I view this text as a product of collaborative “memory work.” Based on a textual analysis of its narratives and form, I argue that this work represents individual war brides' memories as counter-memories that provide a new understanding of the experiences of Japanese war brides. Such an understanding could be thought of as an alternative to the monolithic and stigmatized images of Japanese war brides, imposed primarily by the Japanese mainstream media against which these women have struggled for decades. The production of the text also worked to reconstruct and renew the women's own memories in a positive light and to create a new form of community of remembrance. This essay aims to shed light on both the literary and the social significance of “Hello, War Brides” as a way to re-evaluate the Japanese war brides' transnational movement that has taken place in the years after its publication.
“Why Must All Girls Want to be Flag Women?”
Authors: Pinto Samantha 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
“Why must all girls want to be flag women?” laments one critic regarding what he sees as the infiltration of “Carnival” culture into the performative desires of Indo-Trinidadian women. The intersections of soca, a form of music derived from the traditional Carnival genre of calypso, and chutney soca, as an Indo-Trinidadian-identified form with roots in traditional South Asian music as well as Carnival cultures, is a particular arena of visibility—and controversy—for critically including Indo-Trinidadian “flag” women in a feminist framework. In this essay, I read these Carnival-related performances in relationship to the colonial and national histories of the circulation of Indian and black women's bodies in Trinidad and Tobago, asking what is at stake in these occupations of genre, form, and performative presence in the latest global scenes of late capitalism (where image and sound, as cultural productions, are always in circulation beyond the scope of the nation, and their own “original” referents).
Revisiting Blu's Hanging
Authors: Wu Cynthia 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
My essay addresses non-normative genders and sexualities in Lois-Ann Yamanaka's Blu's Hanging, a controversial novel set in Hawai'i that—although commercially successful and critically acclaimed—has spurred protests over its racist portrayals of Filipino masculinity. I show how East Asian ethnic/class privilege alternately embraces heteronormativity and mounts challenges to it at key points in the narrative. I argue that the novel falls short of a queer critique because it is not by refusing heteronormative kinship structures but by replicating them that the non-normatively gendered characters find solace and exercise their agency. By extension, I claim that it is the very ethnic and class privilege of these East Asian queer subjects that provides them with the means of mitigating their sexual difference.
“Too high a price”
Authors: Labbé Jessica 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
“‘Too high a price’: The ‘Terrible Honesty’ of Black Women's Work in Quicksand” assumes a New Historical lens to understand the novel through its historical context and, inversely, to reveal a new knowledge of history and culture through Larsen's writing. The author argues that Nella Larsen and her novel Quicksand are emblematic of Ann Douglass's vision of the intricately fused Harlem Renaissance/white modernist literary movement of the 1920s as expressed in her 1995 study, Terrible Honesty: Mongrel Manhattan in the 1920s. As a result, Larsen's liminal novel, her own identity, and even her heroine function as excellent examples of academe's increasingly complex contemporary interpretations of black and white literary production in the modernist American moment. The episodic adventures of Quicksand's heroine, Helga Crane, reveal the problematic interplay of desire and agency; of wanting, but being unable to carry out the necessary functions to achieve one's desired goals. This challenge, along with the implied recognition of inevitable homelessness, the marked impossibility of coexisting individual and communal identities, and the unfeasibility of sustaining desire point to Larsen's interface with the core concerns of the modernist literary project as well as the New Negro Movement. Moreover, Larsen's representation of the work roles available to black women reflects the tangible effects of the period's radical social changes while it illuminates the ways in which labor paradoxically allows and prevents the (often contradictory) actions necessary to bring one's desires to fruition. More specifically, Douglass's framework of the modernist's “terrible honesty” worldview operates as a useful lens with which to deconstruct the purpose and significance of Helga's labor roles, as depicted by Larsen. As such, each labor role—and its social context—allows Larsen to critique different elements of racist and sexist societies throughout the United States and Europe. This aspect of the article's analysis is enriched by an exploration of Larsen's participation in the construction of New Negro womanhood and the black flâneuse. The article concludes by employing the lens of “terrible honesty” to facilitate a reading of Helga Crane as Larsen's symbolic vision of the ill-fated Jazz Age literary moment.
Varietal Resistance in Peanut to Aflatoxin Production1
Authors: Mehan V. K. , McDonald D. , Ramakrishna N. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Rehydrated, mature, undamaged seed of 502 peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes were scarified, inoculated with an aflatoxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus Link, and tested for aflatoxin B1 production after incubation at 25 C for 10 days. All genotypes supported production of aflatoxin B1 but significant genotypic differences in levels of aflatoxin B1 production were found. Genotypes U 4–7–5 and VRR 245 supported the lowest levels of aflatoxin B1 (&lt; 10 μg/g seed), whereas the commonly grown Indian cultivar TMV 2 supported production of aflatoxin B1 at levels of over 150 μg/g seed. Eight genotypes with low, moderate or high capacity to support aflatoxin B1 production were further tested using seed from one rainy season crop, and two irrigated postrainy season crops. Genotypic differences in levels of aflatoxin B1 production were consistent over seasons. Production levels were slightly lower in seed from the rainy season crop than in seed from the two postrainy season crops.
Combining Ability and Heritability of Resistance to Early and Late Leafspot of Peanut1
Authors: Anderson W. F. , Wynne J. C. , Green C. C. , Beute M. K. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Four parental lines with resistance to early leafspot caused by Cercospora arachidicola Hori and four parental lines with resistance to late leafspot caused by Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & Curt.) Deighton and the F1 hybrid progeny from crosses between the two groups of parents were evaluated for resistance to both leafspot diseases in the greenhouse using a detached leaf technique. The subsequent F2 plants of all crosses were evaluated in the field for resistance to early leafspot in order to estimate combining ability effects for components of partial resistance and to identify parents useful in developing lines resistant to both diseases. General combining ability, attributed largely to additive genetic variance, accounted for the largest portion of the variability among the F1 and F2 generations for most parameters of resistance to both early and late leafspots. Reciprocal effects and heterosis toward the susceptible parents were also significant for parameters of resistance to the two pathogens. GP-NC 343 and FESR 5-P2-B1 were the best parents for incorporating genes for resistance to both early and late leafspots. Progenies of NC 17090 had a high level of resistance to late leafspot in detached leaf tests and progeny of PI 350680 had reduced defoliation from early leafspot in the field. Broad-sense heritabilities ranged from 0.2 to 0.4 for parameters of resistance to early leafspot estimated from the pooled variances of F2 plants of all crosses planted in the field. Parameters of resistance evaluated in the greenhouse for F1 hybrids were compared to parameters evaluated in the field for the F2 population by rank correlation of entry means. Latent period and sporulation of the fungus on detached leaves of F1 generation plants correlated (r = −0.46 and 0.54, respectively) with defoliation of F2 plants in the field.
Textural Quality of Peanut Butter as Influenced by Peanut Seed and Oil Contents1
Authors: Ahmed E. M. , Ali Theresa 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Oil content, peanut seed content and the interaction of both factors significantly influenced the textural quality of peanut butter. Spreadability as measured by sensory methodology as well as instrumental measures indicated better quality as percent oil increased from 40 to 50% and peanut seed content increased from 90 to 95%. The higher peanut seed content had a significant improvement on the spreadability of the butter containing 40% oil with no influence for the 50% oil sample. The reverse was true for all adhesiveness measurements. Jamaican peanut butter exhibited textural qualities similar to the butter containing 40% oil.
Effects of Genotype and Date of Harvest on Infection of Peanut Seed by Aspergillus flavus and Subsequent Contamination with Aflatoxin1
Authors: Mehan V. K. , McDonald D. , Ramakrishna N. , Williams J. H. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Several peanut genotypes reported as resistant, susceptible or highly susceptible to in vitro colonization of rehydrated, mature, stored, undamaged seed by Aspergillus flavus (IVSCAF) were tested for natural seed infection by A. flavus and other fungi in two or more replicated field trials at ICRISAT Center, Patancheru, India, in 1979–1984. Undamaged pods were sampled before maturity, at optimum maturity (normal harvest) and when over - mature (late harvest) and seed examined for infection by A. flavus and other fungi. In the 1983 and 1984 rainy and 1983/84 postrainy seasons, only four genotypes (one resistant and three susceptible) were tested, and seed were also tested for aflatoxin content. In all seasons the genotypes reported as IVSCAF - resistant had significantly lower levels of seed infection with A. flavus and other fungi than did genotypes reported as IVSCAF - susceptible. Cenotypic differences in levels of seed infection by A. flavus were consistent over seasons. The resistant cultivar J11 had a significantly lower aflatoxin content than the other three IVSCAF - susceptible genotypes tested in the 1983–1984 seasons. Drought stress in the 1984 season apparently increased susceptibility to seed infection by A. flavus and other fungi, and to aflatoxin contamination, in all cultivars. Seed infection by A. flavus and other fungi, and aflatoxin contamination increased with increasing maturity of pods, indicating the importance of lifting the peanut crop at optimum maturity.
Distribution and Diurnal Variation of Nonstructural Carbohydrate in Peanut Grown Under Unshaded and Shaded Conditions1
Authors: Farnham M. W. , Gross H. D. , Cappy J. J. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Diurnal variation in carbohydrate content of plant parts has been recognized for many years. Such variation in the peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) plant has received little attention. In order to better understand the dynamics of carbohydrate accumulation and utilization in peanut, a greenhouse study was undertaken to examine the effects of shading on diurnal patterns of carbohydrate distribution in this crop. The cultivar, NC 4, was grown under unaltered greenhouse conditions (control) or under shade cloth (37% of photosynthetic photon flux of control). Plants were harvested 40 and 64 days after planting, at beginning bloom and full-pod. At each harvest date plants were sampled every three hours during a 24-h cycle. The concentrations of reducing and nonreducing sugars and starch were analyzed in leaf, stem, and root plus nodule tissues for all samples. Control plants accumulated about twice the dry matter, nodule mass, and fixed N2 as shaded. The carbohydrate concentration was greater in tissues of controls than in those of shaded plants. Growth stage affected both carbohydrate concentration in tissues and the diurnal variation within tissues. All plants harvested at the bloom stage showed significant but individual diurnal effects on concentrations of reducing and nonreducing sugars and starch in leaves, and significant and comparable patterns of nonreducing sugars and starch in roots. Plants harvested at the pod stage exhibited few significant diurnal effects; there was substantial plant-to-plant variability at this stage. Results from this study emphasize the importance of considering the time of day and developmental stage when analyzing nonstructural carbohydrates in peanut tissues.
Field Screening of Reciprocal Chico x Florigiant Peanut Populations for Resistance to Leafspot in Virginia1
Authors: Coffelt T. A. , Porter D. M. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Early and late leafspot of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), caused by Cercospora arachidicola Hon and Cercosporidium personation (Berk. & Curt.) Deighton, respectively, are disease problems of major significance throughout the world. Leafspot control strategies using fungicides can result in a 10% increase in production costs. Field screening tests were conducted in 1980 and 1981 to identify breeding lines with resistance to leafspot Nine genotypes from a cross between Chico x Florigiant and the reciprocal cross were compared with Florigiant for relative susceptibility to the leafspot fungi. Variation in leafspot resistance, especially to C. arachidicola, was found in the peanut germplasm tested. High yielding genotypes with greater resistance to leafspot than Florigiant were identified. Differences in leafspot susceptiblity from reciprocal cross populations indicate that a cytoplasmic factor and additive genetic effects may control leafspot resistance.
Effect of Ethrel Seed Treatment on Growth, Yield, and Grade of Two Virginia-Type Peanut Cultivars1
Authors: Coffelt T. A. , Howell R. K. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Two virginia-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars, NC 6 and NC 7, were observed to germinate slowly under field conditions. Three seed treatments (1%, 5%, and 10%) of ethrel, cis-N-((1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethyl)thio)4-cyclo-hexene-1,2-dicarboximide, were prepared with a recommended seed treatment (45% Difolitan and 25% PCNB) and dusted on the seed. The experimental design was a 2 (cultivars) × 4 (3 ethrel treatments and an untreated check) factorial in a randomized complete block with four replications. The experiment was conducted for 2 years (1980 & 1981) at two locations (Suffolk, VA, and Beltsville, MD). Factors studied were: Stand counts (10 and 14 days after planting), plant dry weight (18 and 42 days after planting), pod yield, grams/100 seed, and percentages of meat, total sound mature kernels, extra large kernels, and fancy pods. No significant differences were found among ethrel treatments for any factor, except stand counts. Plots planted with ethrel-treated seed had significantly higher stand counts at 10 and 14 days than plots not planted with ethrel-treated seed. Significant differences occurred between locations for all factors, and between years for all factors, except stand counts at 14 days and grams/100 seed. Significant differences occurred between cultivars for all factors, except plant dry weight at 18 days, pod yield, and percentage of fancy pods. These results indicate that, while stands may be improved with ethrel-treated seed, no significant effects on yield or grade factors were found.