bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF PHENYTOIN ON IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONCENTRATIONS IN NASAL SECRETIONS
Authors: GILHUS NILS ERIK , AARLI JOHAN A. 
Published: August 2010

Nasal washings from patients receiving phenytoin and from healthy controls were investigated. The concentrations of immunoglobulins and albumin were determined by single radial immunodiffusion. Epileptic patients treated with phenytoin had a higher IgA concentration in nasal washings than controls, 174 × 10−3 g/1 versus 114 × 10−3 g/1. The IgG concentration was also significantly higher in the phenytoin‐treated patients compared to the controls. IgM was detected in nasal washings from 41% of phenytoin‐treated patients and from only 11% of the controls.To exclude the effect of exudation of plasma proteins caused by inflammation, the ratio IgA to albumin was calculated and the median of this ratio estimated both for patients and controls. For patients taking phenytoin as their only drug, the median was 1.89 versus 1.23 in the controls.There was no relation between the serum concentration of IgA and the ratio between IgA and albumin concentrations in nasal secretions. However, patients with serum IgA deficiency had low concentrations of IgA in the nasal secretion and a reduced IgA to albumin ratio.
SPECIFICITY OF LYMPHOCYTE STIMULATION IN VITRO BY MICROBIAL PREPARATIONS: IMPORTANCE OF ANTIGEN CONCENTRATION
Authors: MOGENSEN H. H. , ANDERSEN V. 
Published: August 2010

Blood mononuclear cells were stimulated in vitro by 7 different microbial preparations, and thymidine incorporation was investigated in 7 groups of persons sensitized to the microorganisms and in 7 groups of controls. The sensitized persons were: 18 BCG‐vacinated, 13 with previous Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, 22 who had serum antibodies to Herpes simplex virus, 14 with previous typhoid fever, 13 with previous acute pyelonephritis caused by Eschrerichia coli, 6 with previous Haemophilus influenzae meningitis, and 15 tetanus‐vaccinated persons. Employing microbial preparations corresponding to the type of sensitization, higher responses were obtained with PPD, Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Herpes simplex virus, Salmonella typhi and tetanus toxoid in sensitized than in controls, but the responses to E. coli and H. influenzae were similar.In each experiment a dose titration of the microbial preparation was carried out. The best separation between sensitized and non‐sensitized persons was obtained at low concentrations, giving submaximal stimulation. It is concluded that lymphocyte responses to many microbial preparations are combined of antigen‐specific components and of responses to cross‐reacting or polyclonally activating moieties, and that the antigen‐specific response is best investigated at low concentrations of these preparations.
GENETIC TRANSFORMATION IN STREPTOCOCCUS SANGUIS Simultaneous Variation of Surface‐Spreading, Competence, Hemagglutination and Polar Fimbriation in Selected Strains
Authors: GAUSTAD P. , FRØHOLM L. O. 
Published: August 2010

Strains of Streptococcus sanguis expressing spreading zones around the colonies and competence in genetic transformation, were subcultivated in the laboratory, and in three strains a variation to non‐spreading colony morphology on human blood agar plates was observed. These variants were isolated and compared with the original strains by genetic transformation, hemagglutination and electron microscopy.In genetic transformation with streptomycin resistance as genetic marker, the non‐spreading variants showed a decrease to 1/50 or less of the transformation frequencies compared to the wild types. Hemagglutination of guinea‐pig erythrocytes is a common characteristic of S.sanguis strains, but the non‐spreading variants did not hemagglutinate. In electron microscopy studies the wild‐type strains of S.sanguis, but not the non‐spreading variants, presented long, polar fimbriae. One of the non‐spreading variants had short, peritrichous fimbriae. The co‐variation in surface‐spreading, competence in genetic transformation, hemagglutination and polar fimbriation is discussed.
Localisation of the Penicillinase Gene in Naturally Occurring Staphylococcus Aureus Strains
Authors: Rosdahl Vibeke Thamdrup 
Published: August 2010

Localisation of the penicillinase gene was studied in a total of 104 inducible Staphylococcus aureus strains selected from 10,229 bacteraemia strains isolated in the years 1957–1981. The strains represented all possible combinations of the most common patterns of phage type and susceptibility to heavy metals (cadmium, arsenate and mercury) and antibiotics. The material was further supplemented with epidemically occurring strains. Localisation of the penicillinase gene was established by isolation of penicillinasenegative variants and analysis of DNA‐bands on CsCl gradients and gel‐electrophoresis.Fifty‐five strains contained a penicillinase plasmid; 49 had a chromosomal location. The genetic location was mainly connected with phage types. All strains belonging to the 83A complex and the majority of the strains of the 52, 52A, 80, 81 complex and of phage type 95 contained a penicillinase plasmid, whereas chromosomal location was found in all strains of group II and of the 94,96 complex. In all strains but three (group III) the resistances to heavy metals were located on the penicillinase plasmid. Association between the penicillinase plasmid and genes coding for resistance to other antibiotics was found in one tetracycline resistant strain only.Three micro‐constitutive strains had chromosomally located penicillinase gene, whereas one macroconstitutive strain contained a penicillinase plasmid.
Interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma of the tonsil
Authors: KIM Sun Young , KANG Jin‐Hyoung , CHUN Sang Hoon , CHANG Myung Hee , KIM Yeon‐Sil , LEE Sang Nam , KIM Min‐Sik , KANG Chang‐Suk 
Published: August 2010

AbstractInterdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma (IDCS) is an extremely rare malignancy derived from antigen‐presenting cells, with 55 cases reported thus far. A standard treatment modality is still being debated. This report describes a 56‐year‐old female who presented with right tonsillar enlargement and right submandibular swelling for 6 months. Treatment with empiric antibiotics did not result in improvement of her symptoms. Fine needle aspiration of the tonsil revealed no malignant cells. Tonsillectomy was eventually performed due to persistent symptoms. Based on microscopic findings, immunohistochemical stains, and review of the literature, the present case was finally diagnosed as IDCS of the tonsil with cervical lymph node involvement. The patient received four cycles of CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone) chemotherapy, and a clinically complete response was achieved followed by adjuvant radiation.
Esophageal involvement by extranodal natural killer T cell lymphoma, nasal type, mimicking Ebstein Barr viral esophagitis in a tonsillar lymphoma patient undergoing chemoradiation therapy
Authors: LEE Se Ryeon , PARK Eun Kyung , WON Nam Hee , KIM Byung Soo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractEsophageal involvement by extranodal natural killer (NK)/T cell lymphoma, nasal type, is rare. As a result, esophageal symptoms in these patients might at first be thought to originate from a benign condition, such as viral esophagitis. It is important to note, however, that benign conditions may mask esophageal involvement by lymphoma. Until now, there has been no report documenting esophageal involvement by lymphoma mimicking viral esophagitis in an extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma patient undergoing active treatment. Here, we report a case of esophageal involvement by extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type, initially misdiagnosed as Ebstein Barr virus esophagitis. Lymphoma invasion of the esophagus should be considered if esophageal symptoms do not respond to usual medical esophagitis therapy in an extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type, patient undergoing chemoradiation
Detection of molecular gas in a distant submillimetre galaxy at z = 4.76 with Australia Telescope Compact Array
Authors: Coppin K. E. K. , Chapman S. C. , Smail Ian , Swinbank A. M. , Walter F. , Wardlow J. L. , Weiss A. , Alexander D. M. , Brandt W. N. , Dannerbauer H. , De Breuck C. , Dickinson M. , Dunlop J. S. , Edge A. C. , Emonts B. H. C. , Greve T. R. , Huynh M. , Ivison R. J. , Knudsen K. K. , Menten K. M. , Schinnerer E. , van der Werf P. P. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
We have detected the CO(2–1) transition from the submillimetre galaxy (SMG) LESS J033229.4−275619 at z = 4.755 using the new Compact Array Broadband Backend system on the Australian Telescope Compact Array. These data have identified a massive gas reservoir available for star formation for the first time in an SMG at z ∼ 5. We use the luminosity and velocity width (full width at half-maximum, FWHM, of ≃160 km s−1) of the CO(2–1) line emission to constrain the gas and dynamical mass of Mgas ≃ 1.6 × 1010 M⊙ and Mdyn(&lt;2 kpc) ≃ 5 × 1010 (0.25/sin2i) M⊙, respectively, similar to that observed for SMGs at lower redshifts of z ∼ 2–4, although we note that our observed CO FWHM is a factor of ∼3 narrower than typically seen in SMGs. Together with the stellar mass we estimate a total baryonic mass of Mbary ≃ 1 × 1011 M⊙, consistent with the dynamical mass for this young galaxy within the uncertainties. Dynamical and baryonic mass limits of high-redshift galaxies are useful tests of galaxy formation models: using the known z ∼ 4–5 SMGs as examples of massive baryonic systems, we find that their space density is consistent with that predicted by current galaxy formation models. In addition, these observations have helped to confirm that z∼ 4–5 SMGs possess the baryonic masses and gas consumption time-scales necessary to be the progenitors of the luminous old red galaxies seen at z ∼ 3. Our results provide a preview of the science that ALMA will enable on the formation and evolution of the earliest massive galaxies in the Universe.
Efflux Pump Inhibitor Potentiates Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation of Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm
Authors: Kishen Anil , Upadya Megha , Tegos George P. , Hamblin Michael R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMicrobial biofilm architecture contains numerous protective features, including extracellular polymeric material that render biofilms impermeable to conventional antimicrobial agents. This study evaluated the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) of Enterococcus faecalis biofilms. The ability of a cationic, phenothiazinium photosensitizer, methylene blue (MB) and an anionic, xanthene photosensitizer, rose bengal (RB) to inactivate biofilms of E. faecalis (OG1RF and FA 2‐2) and disrupt the biofilm structure was evaluated. Bacterial cells were tested as planktonic suspensions, intact biofilms and biofilm‐derived suspensions obtained by the mechanical disruption of biofilms. The role of a specific microbial efflux pump inhibitor (EPI), verapamil hydrochloride in the MB‐mediated aPDI of E. faecalis biofilms was also investigated. The results showed that E. faecalis biofilms exhibited significantly higher resistance to aPDI when compared with E. faecalis in suspension (P < 0.001). aPDI with cationic MB produced superior inactivation of E. faecalis strains in a biofilm along with significant destruction of biofilm structure when compared with anionic RB (P < 0.05). The ability to inactivate biofilm bacteria was further enhanced when the EPI was used with MB (P < 0.001). These experiments demonstrated the advantage of a cationic phenothiazinium photosensitizer combined with an EPI to inactivate biofilm bacteria and disrupt biofilm structure.
Harnessing Women's Work: Restructuring Agricultural and Industrial Labor Forces in the Dominican Republic*
Authors: Raynolds Laura T. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract: The recent period of crisis and adjustment in Latin America and the Caribbean is fueling a fundamentally gendered process of labor force restructuring in both agriculture and industry. An analysis of ongoing changes in the Dominican Republic finds that one of the most striking shifts in the labor market landscape involves women's increasing incorporation into nontraditional agriculture and export manufacturing. The Dominican state and corporations collaborate in devaluing and harnessing women's labor in these sectors, enhancing private profits and the success of exportled development strategies.This study deepens our understanding of gendered labor force restructuring by analyzing the rarely noted, but substantial, incorporation of women in new agro‐enterprises and by comparing the ways in which a female labor force has been actively constructed in nontraditional agriculture with more familiar patterns in export manufacturing. Firms in both sectors rely on women to fulfill labor‐intensive and exacting tasks, juggling traditional gender ideologies to encourage the employment of mothers while maintaining the gender subordination that cheapens women's labor. In export processing, the concentration of firms in free trade zones stimulates the creation of a distinct new labor force. The dispersed nature of new agro‐enterprises encourages the reliance on a broader pool of less‐privileged workers and leads to a more generalized challenge to existing gender roles. In both agriculture and industry this process proves highly contradictory for women workers, for firms, and ultimately for state sponsors.
Evolution in Economic Geography: Institutions, Political Economy, and Adaptation
Authors: MacKinnon Danny , Cumbers Andrew , Pike Andy , Birch Kean , McMaster Robert 
Published: August 2010

abstractEconomic geography has, over the past decade or so, drawn upon ideas from evolutionary economics in trying to understand processes of regional growth and change. Recently, some researchers have sought to delimit and develop an “evolutionary economic geography” (EEG), aiming to create a more systematic theoretical framework for research. This article provides a sympathetic critique and elaboration of this emergent EEG but takes issue with some aspects of its characterization in recent programmatic statements. While acknowledging that EEG is an evolving and pluralist project, we are concerned that the reliance on certain theoretical frameworks that are imported from evolutionary economics and complexity science threatens to isolate it from other approaches in economic geography, limiting the opportunities for cross‐fertilization. In response, the article seeks to develop a social and pluralist conception of institutions and social agency in EEG, drawing upon the writings of leading institutional economists, and to link evolutionary concepts to political economy approaches, arguing that the evolution of the economic landscape must be related to processes of capital accumulation and uneven development. As such, we favor the use of evolutionary and institutional concepts within a geographical political economy approach, rather than the construction of some kind of theoretically separate EEG—evolution in economic geography, not an evolutionary economic geography.
Some Notes on Institutions in Evolutionary Economic Geography
Authors: Boschma Ron , Frenken Koen 
Published: August 2010

abstractWithin the evolutionary economic geography framework, the role of institutions deserves more explicit attention. We argue that territorial institutions are to be viewed as orthogonal to organizational routines since each territory is characterized by a variety of routines and a single firm can apply its routines in different territorial contexts. It is therefore meaningful to distinguish between institutional economic geography and evolutionary economic geography as theirexplanansis different. Yet the two approaches can be combined in a dynamic framework in which institutions coevolve with organizational routines, particularly in emerging industries. Furthermore, integrating the evolutionary and institutional approach allows one to analyze the spatial diffusion of organizational routines that mediate conflicts among social groups, in particular, those between employers and employees. An evolutionary economic geography advocates an empirical research program, both qualitative and quantitative, that can address the relative importance of organizational routines and territorial institutions for regional development.
The Impact of Regional Age Structure on Entrepreneurship
Authors: Bönte Werner , Falck Oliver , Heblich Stephan 
Published: August 2010

abstractEmpirical studies based on individual data have found an inverse U‐shaped relationship between age and the decision to start a business. Other studies have shown that becoming an entrepreneur is a regional event, with potential entrepreneurs benefiting from their local networks. This article links both strands of literature by introducing age‐specific peer effects. Using changes in the age distribution of the population of western German regions over time, we found—in accordance with microlevel analyses—an inverse U‐shaped relationship between the regional age structure and start‐up activity in a region. Moreover, our findings suggest that the age‐specific likelihood of becoming an entrepreneur changes with the size of the age cohort, pointing to the existence of age‐specific peer effects.
Centrality and Creativity: Does Richard Florida's Creative Class Offer New Insights into Urban Hierarchy?
Authors: Lorenzen Mark , Andersen Kristina Vaarst 
Published: August 2010

abstractTo provide new insights into urban hierarchy, this article brings together one of economic geography's oldest and most well‐established notions with one of its newest and most disputed notions: Christäller's centrality and Florida's creative class. Using a novel original database, the article compares the distribution of the general population and the creative class across 444 city regions in 8 European countries. It finds that the two groups are both distributed according to the rank‐size rule, but exhibit different distinct phases with different slopes. The article argues that the two distributions are different because market thresholds for creative services and jobs are lower than thresholds for less specialized services and jobs. The article hence concludes that centrality exerts a strong influence upon urban hierarchies of creativity and that the study of creative urban city hierarchies yields new insights into the problem of centrality.
Metabolic syndrome associated with habitual indulgence and dietary behavior in middle‐aged health‐care professionals
Authors: Wan Chu‐Jen , Lin Li‐Yun , Yu Tung‐Hsi , Sheu Wayne H‐H 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAims/Introduction:  Few studies, especially in Asia, have examined the relevance between metabolic syndrome (MetS), habitual indulgence and dietary behaviors in health‐care professionals. The present study evaluates metabolic syndrome rate and its association with habitual indulgence (coffee, tea, alcohol and cigarette smoking) and diet behavior in health‐care professionals.Materials and Methods:  Information was collected from 514 health‐care professionals (147 men, 367 women) who underwent routine physical examinations at a medical center in central Taiwan.Results:  Mean age was 48 ± 5 years for men and 45 ± 4 years for women. Mean body mass index was 25.2 ± 4.0 kg/m2 for men and 22.5 ± 3.4 kg/m2 for women. The age‐adjusted MetS rate among subjects was 24.8–11.7% in men and 7.8–5.4% in women, using two different definitions, respectively. The MetS rate among those who occasionally or frequently consumed tea was higher than among those who never consumed tea (P < 0.05). Although the proportion of subjects who had MetS differed among those with differing alcohol drinking habits (never, quit and current; P < 0.05), a posteriori comparisons showed no significant differences between the two groups. Compared with those who had never smoked, the rate was higher in former smokers and current smokers (P < 0.001). No significant association with coffee consumption was found. People with MetS often consumed sweetened beverages (P < 0.05), rarely read nutrition labels and seldom consumed dairy products.Conclusions:  Health‐care professionals who regularly consume tea, smoke, frequently have sweetened drinks, rarely read nutrition labels or rarely consume dairy products are at higher risk of suffering from MetS. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040‐1124.2010.00055.x, 2010)
Plasma Concentration of Malaria Parasite-Derived Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor in Uncomplicated Malaria Patients Correlates with Parasitemia and Disease Severity
Authors: Han Cong , Lin Yahui , Shan Guangliang , Zhang Zaixing , Sun Xiaodong , Wang Zhensheng , Wei Chunyan , Deng Yan , Zhang Lianhui , Bu Lingyi , Shao Dingding , Wang Heng 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

Host macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of malaria infections. Several
Plasmodium
parasite-derived MIFs were identified to have the potential to regulate host immune response. However, the role of
Plasmodium
MIFs in the immunopathogenesis of malaria infection and the relationships between these mediators and inflammatory cytokines remained unclear. In this study, we have investigated two
Plasmodium
MIFs in peripheral blood of uncomplicated malaria patients and analyzed their correlations with several major factors during malaria infection. We found that both
Plasmodium falciparum
MIF (PfMIF) and
Plasmodium vivax
MIF (PvMIF) levels in patients were positively correlated with parasitemia, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-10 (IL-10), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 but were not correlated with transforming growth factor β1 and IL-12. Of interest was that the PvMIF level was positively correlated with host body temperature and human MIF (HuMIF) concentrations. Moreover, multiple stepwise regression analysis also showed that parasitemia, IL-10, and HuMIF expression were significant predictors of
Plasmodium
MIF production. In addition, during antimalarial drug treatment, the decreasing of
Plasmodium
MIF concentrations was followed by parasitemia in most patients. Our results suggested that the
Plasmodium
MIF circulating level reflects the level of parasitemia and thus was closely correlated with disease severity in uncomplicated malaria. Therefore, this factor has the potential to be a promising disease predictor and is applicable in clinical diagnosis.
Erythema Nodosum and Bilateral Breast Abscesses Due to
Salmonella enterica
Serotype Poona
Authors: Al Benwan Khalifa , Al Mulla Ahmed , Izumiya Hidemasa , Albert M. John 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

A woman presented with erythema nodosum followed by bilateral breast abscesses without a gastrointestinal manifestation, due to a rare serotype of
Salmonella
, namely,
Salmonella enterica
serotype Poona. This is the first reported case of erythema nodosum presumably associated with
Salmonella
infection without a gastrointestinal manifestation.
Complex Febrile Seizures Followed by Complete Recovery in an Infant with High-Titer 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection
Authors: O'Leary Mandy F. , Chappell James D. , Stratton Charles W. , Cronin Robert M. , Taylor Mary B. , Tang Yi-Wei 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT
We describe a 2009 H1N1 virus infection with a high viral load in a previously healthy infant who presented with complex febrile seizures and improved on oseltamivir without neurologic sequelae. Febrile seizures may be a complication in young children experiencing infection with high viral loads of 2009 H1N1 influenza virus.