bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La politique scientifique dans l’Empire ottoman
Authors: Nicolaïdis Efthymios 
Published: August 2011

Dès qu’il conquit Constantinople en 1453, Mehmed le Conquérant appela des savants byzantins pour étudier la géographie, science qui sert à faire la guerre, et mena une politique d’éducation scientifique à l’image de la tradition arabe. Mais, très vite, l’Empire ottoman abandonna toute politique d’éducation scientifique et en même temps toute politique de développement des sciences. Le dernier vestige d’une telle velléité fut la fondation de l’Observatoire d’Istanbul à la fin du xvie siècle, suivie de sa destruction totale. Les sciences furent désormais délaissées au millet chrétien de l’Empire, c’est-à-dire les communautés chrétiennes orthodoxes placées sous la responsabilité du patriarche de Constantinople. Contrairement à l’Europe chrétienne, l’Empire ottoman ne fondera pas d’université ni d’Académie des sciences. Cette absence de politique envers les sciences, considérée par certains historiens comme une politique négative, fera sentir ses effets lors du développement scientifique et technologique de l’Europe au début du xviiie siècle. L’Empire ottoman, se voyant dépassé, appelle des experts occidentaux à la fin du xviiie siècle pour au moins fonder des écoles militaires. L’effort de modernisation entrepris au xixe siècle avec la politique des Tanzimat inaugure timidement une politique scientifique cohérente. La première université ottomane fut fondée à la fin du xixe siècle, mais entre-temps une politique de bourses se mit en place pour envoyer des sujets ottomans faire des études scientifiques à l’étranger. Cet effort fut cependant trop tardif pour faire face au démantèlement de l’Empire, facilité par son retard scientifique et technologique.
Exploring the evidence of scientific and artistic patronage of Polish King Jan III Sobieski (1674-1696): A focus on the library in Wilanów Palace
Authors: Gołąbek Marta 
Published: August 2011

The library one can still see at Wilanów Palace (former Villa Nova), a suburban villa of the Polish valiant King, Jan III Sobieski (1674-1696), no longer holds any book nor any print, as they were dispersed among the king’s inheritors, gathered in their various and distant estates, and then regretfully lost.What extants today from the Library is a stucco and painting decoration dating back to the 1680s, comprising two grand tondos and smaller medallions with effigies of Eruditorum et Sapientum. The two main images represent allegorical figures of Theology and Philosophy creating a perfect balanced expression of two fundamental disciplines of human thought. They patronize smaller medallions which are composed as double portraits — a representative of science and arts from modern times is always assisted by his antique or pagan predecessor, Fidias and Michelangelo, Ptolomeus and Copernicus, Archimedes and Galileus, etc.The ideological programme of this decoration still raises questions and encourages our research. Was it just a means of cataloguing books and a regular realization according to well-known iconography fit for libraries? Was it also a certain ideological and propaganda statement of the monarch who was regarded during his reign as one of the erudite kings? How does it relate to the general significance of Wilanów that was adorned on the façade according to Sobieski’s will with an inscription stating: Quod Vetus Urbs Colluit Nunc Nova Villa Tenet? My paper will point out relations between those elements which were a well-known set of motifs to adorn such interiors and those who appeared here due to the site specific of the place; Wilanów, a new antique villa for a King who was Primus Inter Pares, a voted sovereign for the Commonwealth of Two Nations, the nation that regarded its origins in the classical antiquity of Sarmatians. His reign, although dominated by Bellona’s actions, never ignored those which were dominated by Apollo and Muses. For the King himself supported (intellectually and financially) Jan Hevelius (astronomer), Adam Kochański (mathematician and physician) and Philippe Avril (French Jesuit missionary, geographer and explorer of far East) and in 1684 became a member and protector of the Accademia degli Argonauti founded in Venice in 1684. A perfect combination of bold and accurate attitude for the new science that spread across Europe found its pre-academic center in the court of Jan III Sobieski, on the Eastern boundaries of the Latin world. Its symptomatic and peculiar evidence remains the Library of Wilanów Palace.
Conclusions du colloque « La cour et les sciences : naissance des politiques scientifiques dans les cours européennes aux xviie et xviiie siècles »
Authors: Blay Michel 
Published: August 2011

Le colloque « La cour et les sciences : naissance des politiques scientifiques dans les cours européennes aux xviie et xviiie siècles » a occupé trois jours, trois jours de travail assidu au cours desquels ont été présentées près d’une vingtaine de communications prolongées par de multiples questions et discussions. Je n’ajouterai donc pas une communication aux communications. Cependant, en dépit de la diversité et de la richesse des questions traitées, je tenterai de montrer, tout en faisant le point, qu’il est indispensable de poursuivre la réflexion, de l’étendre et de l’approfondir. En un mot, il me semble que certaines questions ont été posées et bien posées, mais qu’il importe maintenant, alors que la politique scientifique joue dans nos sociétés un rôle central, de s’engager avec détermination dans un travail réflexif et de synthèse, travail pouvant contribuer à l’élaboration d’un discours prospectif. Comment mener une politique scientifique ?
Densities of Short Uniform Random Walks
Authors: Borwein Jonathan M. , Straub Armin , Wan James , Zudilin Wadim , Zagier Don 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe study the densities of uniform random walks in the plane. A special focus is on the case of short walks with three or four steps and, less completely, those with five steps. As one of the main results, we obtain a hypergeometric representation of the density for four steps, which complements the classical elliptic representation in the case of three steps. It appears unrealistic to expect similar results for more than five steps. New results are also presented concerning the moments of uniform random walks and, in particular, their derivatives. Relations with Mahler measures are discussed.
Opportunities to Increase the Effectiveness of EHR-Based Diabetes Clinical Decision Support
Authors: O‘Connor P. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThere are many opportunities to improve diabetes care through more effective use of EHR-based CDS. The report of Kantor et al. [16] is encouraging because it demonstrates sustained efforts by leading health care organizations to implement diabetes-related EHR-based CDS. However, lack of sophisticated treatment-specific CDS and lack of prioritized recommendations are a cause for concern. Even more disturbing is the substantive heterogeneity in content of diabetes CDS recommendations now in the field. Some of CDS recommendations described by Kantor et al. [16] are clearly not evidence-based and could increase costs while not improving clinical benefits. The timely identification of these problems is an awkward but necessary first step towards improvement. The health care organizations that are pioneers in the field should be congratulated and encouraged to continue their collaborative efforts to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of EHR-based CDS. Attending to the modest proposals put forward here and by others may help translate the massive investments that we have made in EHR technology into clinical benefits for our patients.
Patient-Reported Outcomes in Phase 3 Clinical Trials for Blood Cancers: A Systematic Review
Authors: Patel Kishan , Ivanov Alexandra , Jocelyn Tajmah , Hantel Andrew , Garcia Jacqueline S. , Abel Gregory A. 
Published: June 2024

ImportancePublished research suggests that patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are neither commonly collected nor reported in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) for solid tumors. Little is known about these practices in RCTs for hematological malignant neoplasms.ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence of PROs as prespecified end points in RCTs of hematological malignant neoplasms, and to assess reporting of PROs in associated trial publications.Evidence ReviewAll issues of 8 journals known for publishing high-impact RCTs (NEJM, Lancet, Lancet Hematology, Lancet Oncology, Journal of Clinical Oncology, Blood, JAMA, and JAMA Oncology) between January 1, 2018, and December 13, 2022, were searched for primary publications of therapeutic phase 3 trials for adults with hematological malignant neoplasms. Studies that evaluated pretransplant conditioning regimens, graft-vs-host disease treatment, or radiotherapy as experimental treatment were excluded. Data regarding trial characteristics and PROs were extracted from manuscripts and trial protocols. Univariable analyses assessed associations between trial characteristics and PRO collection or reporting.FindingsNinety RCTs were eligible for analysis. PROs were an end point in 66 (73%) trials: in 1 trial (1%) as a primary end point, in 50 (56%) as a secondary end point, and in 15 (17%) as an exploratory end point. PRO data were reported in 26 of 66 primary publications (39%): outcomes were unchanged in 18 and improved in 8, with none reporting worse PROs with experimental treatment. Trials sponsored by for-profit entities were more likely to include PROs as an end point (49 of 55 [89%] vs 17 of 35 [49%]; P &amp;lt; .001) but were not significantly more likely to report PRO data (20 of 49 [41%] vs 6 of 17 [35%]; P = .69). Compared with trials involving lymphoma (18 of 29 [62%]) or leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome (18 of 28 [64%]), those involving plasma cell disorders or multiple myeloma (27 of 30 [90%]) or myeloproliferative neoplasms (3 of 3 [100%]) were more likely to include PROs as an end point (P = .03). Similarly, compared with trials involving lymphoma (3 of 18 [17%]) or leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome (5 of 18 [28%]), those involving plasma cell disorders or multiple myeloma (16 of 27 [59%]) or myeloproliferative neoplasms (2 of 3 [67%]) were more likely to report PROs in the primary publication (P = .01).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this systematic review, almost 3 of every 4 therapeutic RCTs for blood cancers collected PRO data; however, only 1 RCT included PROs as a primary end point. Moreover, most did not report resulting PRO data in the primary publication and when reported, PROs were either better or unchanged, raising concern for publication bias. This analysis suggests a critical gap in dissemination of data on the lived experiences of patients enrolled in RCTs for hematological malignant neoplasms.
Incorporating Medicare Advantage Admissions Into the CMS Hospital-Wide Readmission Measure
Authors: Kyanko Kelly , Sahay Kashika M. , Wang Yongfei , Li Shu-Xia , Schreiber Michelle , Hager Melissa , Myers Raquel , Johnson Wanda , Zhang Jing , Krumholz Harlan , Suter Lisa G. , Triche Elizabeth W. 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceMedicare Advantage (MA) enrollment is rapidly expanding, yet Centers for Medicare &amp;amp; Medicaid Services (CMS) claims-based hospital outcome measures, including readmission rates, have historically included only fee-for-service (FFS) beneficiaries.ObjectiveTo assess the outcomes of incorporating MA data into the CMS claims-based FFS Hospital-Wide All-Cause Unplanned Readmission (HWR) measure.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study assessed differences in 30-day unadjusted readmission rates and demographic and risk adjustment variables for MA vs FFS admissions. Inpatient FFS and MA administrative claims data were extracted from the Integrated Data Repository for all admissions for Medicare beneficiaries from July 1, 2018, to June 30, 2019. Measure reliability and risk-standardized readmission rates were calculated for the FFS and MA cohort vs the FFS-only cohort, overall and within specialty subgroups (cardiorespiratory, cardiovascular, medicine, surgery, neurology), then changes in hospital performance quintiles were assessed after adding MA admissions.Main Outcome and MeasureRisk-standardized readmission rates.ResultsThe cohort included 11 029 470 admissions (4 077 633 [37.0%] MA; 6 044 060 [54.8%] female; mean [SD] age, 77.7 [8.2] years). Unadjusted readmission rates were slightly higher for MA vs FFS admissions (15.7% vs 15.4%), yet comorbidities were generally lower among MA beneficiaries. Test-retest reliability for the FFS and MA cohort was higher than for the FFS-only cohort (0.78 vs 0.73) and signal-to-noise reliability increased in each specialty subgroup. Mean hospital risk-standardized readmission rates were similar for the FFS and MA cohort and FFS-only cohorts (15.5% vs 15.3%); this trend was consistent across the 5 specialty subgroups. After adding MA admissions to the FFS-only HWR measure, 1489 hospitals (33.1%) had their performance quintile ranking changed. As their proportion of MA admissions increased, more hospitals experienced a change in their performance quintile ranking (147 hospitals [16.3%] in the lowest quintile of percentage MA admissions; 408 [45.3%] in the highest). The combined cohort added 63 hospitals eligible for public reporting and more than 4 million admissions to the measure.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, adding MA admissions to the HWR measure was associated with improved measure reliability and precision and enabled the inclusion of more hospitals and beneficiaries. After MA admissions were included, 1 in 3 hospitals had their performance quintile changed, with the greatest shifts among hospitals with a high percentage of MA admissions.
Detection, reconstruction and mitigation of deception attacks in nonlinear cyber‐physical systems
Authors: Shahriari‐kahkeshi Maryam , Alem Sayed Amirhosein , Shi Peng 
Published: June 2024

SummaryThis paper proposes a new detection, reconstruction and mitigation scheme for nonlinear cyber‐physical systems experiencing deception attacks in controller‐actuator channel. For early detection of attacks, an anomaly detection unit based on the diagnostic observer is designed. After residual generation and evaluation, attack is detected. Upon attack detection, an adaptive fuzzy wavelet network (FWN) as an online nonlinear estimator is activated to reconstruct the detected malicious attack. Then, attack mitigation mechanism based on the command filtered backstepping approach and reconstructed attack is activated to mitigate the adverse effect of the detected attack. Stability analysis of the suggested strategy is presented and simulation results are provided to show the effectiveness of the suggested scheme.
Rapid and Scar Free Wound Repair by Using a Biologically Flexible and Conductive Dressing Under Electrical Stimulation
Authors: Yang Shuo‐Bing , Yuan Zheng‐Dong , Wang Tong‐Tong , Huang Jing , Wang Wei , Li Ting , Wang Yang , Dong Wei‐Fu , Yuan Feng‐Lai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAbnormal healing following skin injury, such as slow healing and scar formation, can significantly affect an individual's life. Complex treatment methods and cumbersome instruments have reduced the efficacy of treating such diseases. In this study, a novel biocompatible liquid metal (LM) composite wound dressing (LGPU) is designed by synthesizing polyurea polyurethane (PU) and blending it with LM modified with glutathione (GSH), a bioactive three‐peptide compound. The effects of external electrical stimulation (ES) on wound‐induced hair follicle neogenesis are explored. The dressings exhibited a few important properties, including conductivity, high stretchability, recyclability, and, most importantly, excellent self‐healing capacity, owing to the liquid nature of the LM fillers and the highly dynamic characteristics of hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, the combination therapy with LGPU and ES promoted fibroblast migration and accelerated wound healing. The wounds treated with the combination therapy fully healed in nine days, while the wounds in the blank group are still in a scabbing state. Remarkably, this treatment method can activate the regeneration and healthy growth of hair follicles at the site of injury, which is beneficial for reducing wound scarring. Collectively, this innovative therapy provides a facile strategy to accelerate skin wound healing and achieve scar‐free repair.
Regulating the Crystallization of FAPbI3‐Based Perovskite with a Furan Substituted Ethylammonium Additive for Achieving Highly Efficient Solar Cells
Authors: Zhao Chenxu , Zhang Qi , Lyu Yongao , Liu Jing , Shen Fan , Liu Huijing , Kong Hao , Han Huifang , Krishna Anurag , Xu Jia , Zhang Hong , Yao Jianxi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEfficient manipulation of crystallization and control over defects are crucial for optimizing the performance and durability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this study, a novel organic multifunctional additive, 2‐(furan‐3‐yl)ethanamine hydrochloride (FFEACl), is introduced which plays a pivotal role in regulating the crystallization process of FAPbI3. Incorporating FFEACl into the perovskite precursor solution effectively suppresses the formation of undesirable non‐perovskite phase impurities while promoting the oriented crystallization of the α‐phase FAPbI3. Moreover, the addition of FFEACl leads to a more uniform surface potential and reduced defect density in the resulting FAPbI3 film. Consequently, the top‐performing PSC exhibits an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.41%, along with enhanced operational stability. Notably, the fabricated PSCs maintain over 80% of their initial PCE even after 1000 h of continuous operation under one‐sun illumination. The findings present a facile and effective strategy for fabricating perovskite photovoltaic devices with exceptional performance and long‐term reliability.
Highly Planar Oligomeric Acceptor Enables Efficiency over 18% with Synergistically Enhanced VOC and Light Absorption
Authors: Shen Xiangyu , Lai Xue , Lai Hanjian , Wang YunPeng , Li Heng , Ou Meihong , He Feng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe highly planar molecular structure is conducive to electron delocalization, thus facilitating efficient charge transport. A new thiophene terminal‐linked dimerized small‐molecular acceptor (DSMA), DTY‐2Cl, is synthesized, which achieves high planarity with a bithiophene linkage. The results of theoretical calculation and single crystal analysis of regional configuration demonstrate that the twisting angle between the bithiophene binding unit of DTY‐2Cl is almost zero. Devices based on DTY‐2Cl:D18 show an outstanding photoelectric performance with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.06% and excellent device stability. It is worth noting that DTY‐2Cl exhibits a redshifted absorption of up to 840 nm, which is rare among DSMAs, and DTY‐2Cl‐based devices obtain a VOC of 0.913 V, thus achieving a win‐win situation of redshifted absorption and high VOC. These results indicate that using bithiophene instead of biphenyl to optimize the planarity of oligomer acceptors is an effective strategy and provide a new idea for the improvement of subsequent materials.
Alternative Metallic Fillers for the Preparation of Conductive Nanoinks for Sustainable Electronics
Authors: Corrales‐Pérez Belén , Díaz‐Ufano Carlos , Salvador María , Santana‐Otero Antonio , Veintemillas‐Verdaguer Sabino , Beni Valerio , Morales María del Puerto 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe development of electronics with net zero carbon emissions through more efficient and environmentally friendly materials and processes is still a challenge. Here, alternative chemical synthesis routes of metal conductive nanoparticles, based on biodegradable materials are explored, such as nickel, iron–nickel alloy and iron nanoparticles, to be used, in the long term, as fillers in inks for inject printing. Thus, Ni and FeNi metal nanoparticles of 25–12 nm, forming aggregates of 614–574 nm, respectively, are synthesized in water in the presence of a polyol and a reducing agent and under microwave heating that enables a more uniform and fast heating. Iron nanoparticles of 120 ± 40 nm are synthesized in polyol that limits the aggregation and the oxidation degree. Commercial metal nanoparticles of iron and nickel, are coated with ethylene glycol and used for comparison. The conductivity of nanoparticles when pressed into pellets remains similar for both commercial and synthesized samples. However, when deposited on a strip line and heated, synthesized Ni, FeNi, and Fe nanoparticles show significant conductivity and interesting magnetic properties. It is demonstrated that the nanosize facilitates sintering at reduced temperatures and the capping agents prevent oxidation, resulting in promising conductive fillers for printed electronic applications.
Charge Accumulation Effect Enabled by a Bioinspired Self‐lubricating Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Both High Average Power Density and Long Durability
Authors: Chen Ai , Zeng Qixuan , Tan Liming , Wang Tingyu , Xu Fan , Wang Jian , Tao Xingming , Yang Yuchen , Wang Xue 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecently through the synergetic utilization of triboelectrification, electrostatic induction, and electrostatic discharge, a novel dual‐functional triboelectric nanogenerator (DF‐TENG) has been developed, which can not only generate a motion‐responsible alternating current/ direct current output but also provide a higher performance compared to traditional TENGs. However, further improvements in performance and lifespan are crucial and remain challenging for the future large‐scale application of this new‐type TENG. Herein, a novel bioinspired self‐lubricating prototype is presented (BS‐TENG), which employs a porous polyurethane (PU) matrix impregnated with a low‐viscosity dielectric lubricant. In response to external mechanical stimuli, the BS‐TENG can “secrete” pre‐stored lubricant to partially fill micro‐gaps between tribo‐layers, thus forming self‐lubrication. This self‐lubricating mechanism not only elevates the electrostatic discharge threshold between tribo‐layers to maximize charge accumulation, thereby facilitating efficient energy release through electrostatic discharge for enhanced power output, but also significantly reduces material abrasion and realizes superior output durability. Benefiting from this effect, the BS‐TENG delivers an average power density of up to 4.6 W m−2, with extraordinary stability to retain 99% of its initial output even after over 60 000 cycles. This work provides a straightforward and effective strategy for realizing high‐performance and long‐stability TENGs, paving the way for their practical applications.