bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Connecting process models to response times through Bayesian hierarchical regression analysis
Authors: Behrens Thea , Kühn Adrian , Jäkel Frank 
Published: May 2024

AbstractProcess models specify a series of mental operations necessary to complete a task. We demonstrate how to use process models to analyze response-time data and obtain parameter estimates that have a clear psychological interpretation. A prerequisite for our analysis is a process model that generates a count of elementary information processing steps (EIP steps) for each trial of an experiment. We can estimate the duration of an EIP step by assuming that every EIP step is of random duration, modeled as draws from a gamma distribution. A natural effect of summing several random EIP steps is that the expected spread of the overall response time increases with a higher EIP step count. With modern probabilistic programming tools, it becomes relatively easy to fit Bayesian hierarchical models to data and thus estimate the duration of a step for each individual participant. We present two examples in this paper: The first example is children’s performance on simple addition tasks, where the response time is often well predicted by the smaller of the two addends. The second example is response times in a Sudoku task. Here, the process model contains some random decisions and the EIP step count thus becomes latent. We show how our EIP regression model can be extended to such a case. We believe this approach can be used to bridge the gap between classical cognitive modeling and statistical inference and will be easily applicable to many use cases.
Parallax Effect in Microlensing Events Due to Free-floating Planets
Authors: Sangtarash Parisa , Sajadian Sedighe 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
One of the most important applications of microlensing observations is the detection of free-floating planets (FFPs). The timescale of microlensing due to FFPs (t
E) is short (a few days). Discerning the annual parallax effect in observations of these short-duration events due to FFPs by one observer is barely possible, though their parallax amplitude is larger than that in common events. In microlensing events due to FFPs, the lens–source relative trajectory alters because of the observer’s motion by
δ

u
. This deviation is a straight line as long as t
E ≪ P
⊕, and its size is δ
u ∝ π
rel (P
⊕ is the observer’s orbital period). So, most observed microlensing events due to close FFPs have simple Paczyńsky light curves with indiscernible but important parallax. To evaluate the destructive effects of invisible parallax in such events, we simulate ∼9650 microlensing events due to FFPs with t
E < 10 days that are observed only by the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (Roman). We conclude that in half of these microlensing events the missing parallax alters the real light curves, changing their shape and derived properties (by Δχ
2 ≳ 100). By fitting Paczyński light curves to these affected events we evaluate the relative and dimensionless deviations in the lensing parameters from their real values (δ
t
E, δ
ρ
⋆, ...). We conclude that around 46 FFPs that are discovered by Roman have light curves highly affected by invisible parallax with δ
t
E > 0.1 and δ
ρ
⋆ > 0.1. Our study reveals the importance of simultaneous and dense observations of the same microlensing events viewed by Roman by other observers circling the Sun in different orbits.
Probing the Circumgalactic Medium with Fast Radio Bursts: Insights from CAMELS
Authors: Medlock Isabel , Nagai Daisuke , Singh Priyanka , Oppenheimer Benjamin , Anglés-Alcázar Daniel , Villaescusa-Navarro Francisco 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Most diffuse baryons, including the circumgalactic medium (CGM) surrounding galaxies and the intergalactic medium (IGM) in the cosmic web, remain unmeasured and unconstrained. Fast radio bursts (FRBs) offer an unparalleled method to measure the electron dispersion measures (DMs) of ionized baryons. Their distribution can resolve the missing baryon problem and constrain the history of feedback theorized to impart significant energy to the CGM and IGM. We analyze the Cosmology and Astrophysics with Machine Learning Simulations using three suites, IllustrisTNG, SIMBA, and Astrid, each varying six parameters (two cosmological and four astrophysical feedback), for a total of 183 distinct simulation models. We find significantly different predictions between the fiducial models of the suites owing to their different implementations of feedback. SIMBA exhibits the strongest feedback, leading to the smoothest distribution of baryons and reducing the sight-line-to-sight-line variance in DMs between z = 0 and 1. Astrid has the weakest feedback and the largest variance. We calculate FRB CGM measurements as a function of galaxy impact parameter, with SIMBA showing the weakest DMs due to aggressive active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback and Astrid the strongest. Within each suite, the largest differences are due to varying AGN feedback. IllustrisTNG shows the most sensitivity to supernova feedback, but this is due to the change in the AGN feedback strengths, demonstrating that black holes, not stars, are most capable of redistributing baryons in the IGM and CGM. We compare our statistics directly to recent observations, paving the way for the use of FRBs to constrain the physics of galaxy formation and evolution.
Bayesian Synthesis of Astrometric Wobble and Total Light Curves in Close Binary Supermassive Black Holes
Authors: Kovačević Andjelka B. , Songsheng Yu-Yang , Wang Jian-Min , Popović Luka Č. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We test the potential of Bayesian synthesis of upcoming multi-instrument data to extract orbital parameters and individual light curves of close binary supermassive black holes (CB-SMBH) with subparsec separations. Next-generation interferometers, will make possible the observation of astrometric wobbles in CB-SMBH. Combining them with periodic variable time-domain data from surveys like the Vera C. Rubin Legacy Survey of Space and Time, allows for more information on CB-SMBH candidates compared to standalone observational methods. Our method reliably determines binary parameters and component fluxes from binary total flux across long-term, intermediate, and short-term binary dynamics and observational configurations, assuming 10 annual observations, even in short period “q-accrete” objects. Expected CB-SMBH astrometric wobbles constructed from binary dynamical parameters might serve in refining observational strategies for CB-SMBH. Combination of inferred mass ratio, light curves of binary components, and observed photocenter wobbles can be a proxy for the activity states of CB-SMBH components.
Deep Synoptic Array Science: First FRB and Host Galaxy Catalog
Authors: Law Casey J. , Sharma Kritti , Ravi Vikram , Chen Ge , Catha Morgan , Connor Liam , Faber Jakob T. , Hallinan Gregg , Harnach Charlie , Hellbourg Greg , Hobbs Rick , Hodge David , Hodges Mark , Lamb James W. , Rasmussen Paul , Sherman Myles B. , Shi Jun , Simard Dana , Squillace Reynier , Weinreb Sander , Woody David P. , Yurk Nitika Yadlapalli 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are a powerful and mysterious new class of transients that are luminous enough to be detected at cosmological distances. By associating FRBs to host galaxies, we can measure intrinsic and environmental properties that test FRB origin models, in addition to using them as precise probes of distant cosmic gas. The Deep Synoptic Array (DSA-110) is a radio interferometer built to maximize the rate at which it can simultaneously detect and localize FRBs. Here, we present the first sample of FRBs and host galaxies discovered by the DSA-110. This sample of 11 FRBs is the largest, most uniform sample of localized FRBs to date, as it is selected based on association with host galaxies identified in optical imaging by Pan-STARRS1. These FRBs have not been observed to repeat, and their radio properties (dispersion, temporal scattering, energy) are similar to that of the known nonrepeating FRB population. Most host galaxies have ongoing star formation, as has been identified before for FRB hosts. Two hosts of the new sample are massive, quiescent galaxies. The distribution of star formation history across this host-galaxy sample shows that the delay time distribution is wide, with a power-law model that spans from ∼100 Myr to ≳2 Gyr. This requires the existence of one or more progenitor formation channels associated with old stellar populations, such as the binary evolution of compact objects.
Study of the Observation Sensitivity of Gamma-Ray Bursts for the HADAR Project
Authors: Zhang Zi-Hao , Chen Tian-Lu , Feng You-Liang , Guo Yi-Qing , Yao Yu-Hua , Liu Cheng , Ren Yang-Zhao , Liu Heng-Jiao , Hu Hong-Bo , Chen Qi-Ling , Xin Guang-Guang , Zhang Yi , Yuan Qiang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The High Altitude Detection of Astronomical Radiation (HADAR) is a novel wide-field Cherenkov Telescope. It is designed for gamma-ray astronomy in the energy range of 10 GeV to 100 TeV, with gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) being one of its primary research focuses. To assess its complementary capabilities, this study first presents the Crab sensitivity of HADAR. Then, to compare the sensitivity of GRBs, the observation time for all experiments is standardized to 100 s. To clearly demonstrate HADAR’s advantages, we estimate its observational results with a 221009A-like GRB. The study found that HADAR is capable of more comprehensively recording the bending and absorption of self-Compton radiation, which is expected to fill observational gaps in space- and ground-based experiments. We anticipate that this facility will ensure a large statistical GRB sample and advance our understanding of GRBs.
Hidden Companions to Intermediate-mass Stars. XIX. Spin–Orbit Misalignment and a 0.26M
⊙, 1.8 au Companion in the Astrometric Binary Gamma Trianguli Australis*
Authors: Waisberg Idel , Klein Ygal , Katz Boaz 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Gamma Trianguli Australis is a nearby A-type star that was reported to be a 488 days astrometric binary in Gaia DR3. Here we report on a VLTI/GRAVITY observation of γ TrA in which we did not detect the companion down to a K band flux ratio of 0.5%. From the isochrone mass M

A
= 3.04M
⊙ of the subgiant primary, this implies a semimajor axis a
orb = 1.8 au and that the companion is a M

B
= 0.26M
⊙ M dwarf. The primary disk is partially resolved with an angular diameter θ
1 ≈ 1 mas ↔ 13.0R
⊙. The differential visibility phases across the Brγ absorption line allowed us to measure the longitude of the ascending node of the primary’s rotational plane Ωrot = 212° ± 3°. This implies a spin–orbit misalignment of at least 27° ± 3° based on the Gaia astrometric solution.
How Reliable are Rotation Period Determinations from TESS Data?
Authors: Lares-Martiz Mariel , Buzasi Derek , Oswalt Terry , Confeiteiro Krystian , Gee Ahnika , Guida Luca , Reynolds Ryan , Walls Melinda 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Gyrochronology is the empirical relation between rotation and age. NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), Kepler, and K2 missions have observed thousands of wide main sequence binaries. Since components of a binary are coeval, their rotation periods should be consistent with gyrochronology models. However, the usefulness of gyrochronology depends upon reliable rotation periods. We explore the reliability of rotation period determinations for a sample of wide binary components from the TESS cycle 3. Wide binaries with the most reliable rotation period determinations provide a strong basis for testing whether the gyrochronology empirical relation derived from open clusters is also valid for field stars.
Dry Downhill Particle Motion on Mars
Authors: Bila Tetyana , Wurm Gerhard , Stuers Kai , Joeris Kolja , Teiser Jens 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We recently flew a new setup on parabolic flights for the first time to study particle motion on Martian slopes under Martian gravity. Here, we describe the initial experiments. We used dust/sand beds at varying ambient pressure of a few hundred pascals. The inclination of the particle bed was varied from 0° to 45° and parts of the surface were illuminated under varying conditions. We could observe downhill motion of material related to the insolation at the lowest light flux used of 591 ± 11 W m−2 for JSC Martian simulant. Motion occurred at significantly lower inclinations under illumination than without illumination, i.e., down to about 10° compared to about 20°–30°, respectively. We attribute this reduction in slope to thermal creep gas flow in the subsoil. This induces a Knudsen compressor, which supports grains against gravity and leads to smaller angles of repose. This is applicable to recurring slope lineae and slopes on Mars in general.
Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Association With Immune Activation
Authors: Ormseth Michelle J. , Oeser Annette M. , Chung Cecilia P. , Stein C. Michael 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveThe prevalence of hypertension, a major cardiovascular risk factor, is increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and may be driven by immune activation. The purpose of this study was to determine if ambulatory 24-hour blood pressure (BP) is elevated in RA vs control participants and whether it is associated with immune activation.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of 46 patients with RA and 23 control participants. Participants wore an ambulatory BP monitor that obtained diurnal BP every 15-30 minutes and nocturnal BP every 30 minutes. Inflammatory mediators in plasma were measured using an inflammation proteomics panel. Differences in BP measurements were assessed by Mann-WhitneyUtest, and association with inflammatory mediators was assessed by Spearman correlation.ResultsPatients with RA and control participants had similar office BP, but median ambulatory systolic BP (SBP) measurements (24-hour [RA 121 mmHg vs control 116 mmHg;P= 0.01], diurnal [RA 128 mmHg vs control 120 mmHg;P= 0.003], and nocturnal [RA 112 mmHg vs control 103 mmHg;P= 0.002]) were higher in patients with RA. Patients with RA also had higher nocturnal diastolic BP (DBP; RA 63 mmHg vs control 57 mmHg;P= 0.02), but other DBP measurements were similar. Nocturnal BP dipping was less in patients with RA (12%) compared to control participants (16%;P= 0.02). In patients with RA, higher 24-hour and nocturnal SBPs and less nocturnal dipping were strongly correlated with a wide range of inflammatory mediators.ConclusionDespite similar office measurements, 24-hour and nocturnal SBP measurements were higher in patients with RA than in control participants and were strongly associated with inflammation.
IMPACT OF SHADING DEVICES ON COOLING LOAD IN EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS
Authors: Rahmouni Sofiane , Mohammed Antar Si 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
This paper examines the influence of shading devices in non-residential buildings on enhancing cooling loads, mitigating environmental impact, and reducing energy consumption in semi-arid climates. The focus is on educational buildings as part of Algeria's national strategy to enhance sustainability and decrease energy usage. To achieve this, a comparative analysis was conducted, encompassing both numerical and experimental assessments of the effects of four indoor shading techniques and three outdoor shading techniques. Subsequently, the impact of the optimal shading combination on four main orientations was evaluated using dynamic building simulation software.
The outcomes demonstrate that the optimal combination of shading devices substantially affects cooling loads, leading to noteworthy energy savings and a reduction in CO2 emissions. Notably, these savings can reach up to 7% in cooling load reduction and up to 32% in energy and CO2 emission reductions. Furthermore, the study concludes that distinct design considerations should be tailored to climate attributes and building orientations to achieve maximal cooling load reductions.
This research enriches the existing knowledge concerning the optimization of shading devices for educational buildings with a focus on cooling load reduction. The findings emphasize the necessity for architects, builders, and proprietors to incorporate passive design alternatives that align optimally with energy efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and overall building sustainability.
COMMUNICATION SKILLS AND REPORT WRITING FOR BUILDING SCIENTISTS
Authors: Russell Katie C. , Jeter Sheldon , MacDougall Colin 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Communication Skills and Report Writing for Building Scientists addresses the primary questions of inexperienced technical writers: “How should my report be written?” and “How do I present my work in style, format, data presentation and illustration program?” An undergraduate research report is given as an example of good report writing and key elements of the report are highlighted for student learning. This concise handbook also covers writing to land a job or applying to graduate school, and a step-by-step guide is provided on how to successfully navigate the job search or graduate school application process. Several sample resumes are provided as well as effective means to communicate with prospective employers or graduate programs of interest. The last section of this guide covers writing on the job and speaks to the kinds of tasks students face when they make the transition from classroom reporting to workplace communication, where problems are often open-ended and audiences cannot be assumed to be building science professionals. Instruction is also given to students on how to use the library as a research tool and how to master various virtual communication platforms: Zoom, Microsoft Teams and LinkedIn.
Plateformisation de la mobilité et territorialisation des plateformes : le cas du free-floating en Île-de-France
Authors: Mangeart Timothée 
Published: May 2024

Portée par des plateformes financées par des fonds de capital-risque, la micromobilité partagée a connu un rapide développement à travers le monde dans la deuxième moitié des années 2010 sous la forme de services de véhicules en free-floating. Lorsqu’elles se déploient dans l’espace de la rue, quelles transformations les plateformes de free-floating entraînent-t-elles ? A partir du cas de l’Île-de-France et de l’analyse de 35 entretiens semi-directifs réalisés auprès d’acteurs du secteur, l’étude de cas met en évidence un double mouvement : une plateformisation de la mobilité d’une part, et une territorialisation des plateformes d’autre part. En effet, pour fonctionner, les plateformes de free-floating capitalisent sur la présence continue de leurs véhicules dans l’espace de la rue, associée à l’affichage des informations relatives à leurs véhicules dans les applications numériques dédiées. La présence des véhicules dans l’espace de la rue a entraîné une régulation progressive des plateformes de free-floating par les collectivités locales. En réponse, les plateformes de free-floating ont adapté leurs technologies de contrôle à distance et automatisé des véhicules pour mettre en œuvre une stratégie de gestion de l’espace : le géogardiennage. In fine, la régulation par les collectivités locales a renforcé la capacité des plateformes de free-floating à maîtriser l’occupation de l’espace de la rue.
Expression of BerEP4 and CD10 IHC Markers in Basal Cell Carcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adnexal Tumours of Follicular Differentiation
Authors: Shabeer Nimi , Nair Nandakumar Gopinathan , Vijayaraghavan Lilarani 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common cutaneous malignancy. In most cases, BCC can be diagnosed by its characteristic histopathological features. The differential diagnosis includes basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) and adnexal tumours of follicular differentiation. Cluster of differentiation 10 (CD10) and name of an immunostain (BerEP4) are reported to be useful in differentiating between them.

Objectives:
The primary objective was to compare the expression of BerEP4 and CD10 in BCC with that of SqCC and adnexal tumours of follicular differentiation, and the secondary objective was to evaluate the proportion of different histological subtypes of BCC.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty-eight cases of BCCs, 34 cases of SqCCs and 16 adnexal tumours of follicular differentiation received in the institution during the study period January 2017 to June 2018 were included in this descriptive study. Immunostaining with CD10 and BerEP4 was performed, and the staining pattern was studied in all 78 cases. A detailed histopathological evaluation including subtyping was carried out for BCC cases.

Results:
All BCCs showed positivity with CD10 and BerEP4, but the intensity and pattern varied. Squamous cell carcinomas were completely negative for BerEP4 and CD10 in tumour cells, and 25 of 34 cases showed stromal CD10 positivity. Among adnexal tumours of follicular differentiation, proliferating trichilemmal tumour was completely negative for both markers; other adnexal tumours (n = 11/16) showed peritumoral stromal accentuation for CD10, and nine of 11 cases showed BerEP4 tumour cell positivity (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
BerEP4 can reliably detect BCCs of all types and distinguish between BCC and SqCC, but it is unable to do so for adnexal tumours such as trichoepithelioma, trichilemmoma and trichoblastoma. CD10 is a useful adjunct marker in distinguishing both trichoepithelioma (TE) and SqCC from BCC. CD10-positive tumour cells favour a diagnosis of BCC and peritumoral stromal accentuation for trichoblastoma (TB) and trichilemmoma (TL). Tumour cells in SqCC are almost always negative for CD10. A combined immunohistochemistry (IHC) panel of CD10 and BerEP4 can serve as a very reliable adjunctive in the diagnosis of BCC.
A Study on Etiology, Risk Factors, and Clinical Profile of Spontaneous Pneumothorax: A Single-Center Experience from South India
Authors: Gopichand N. , Oruganti Sindhuja , Kasina Praveen , Sathvika M. V. , Suvvari Tarun Kumar , Sree P. Charulata , Jadhav Mamtha 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) commonly presents as continuous, sharp, unilateral chest pain exacerbated by deep inspiration and change of posture. The present study has been undertaken to study the clinical profile of SP among in-patients of a tertiary care hospital in South India.

Methodology:
A prospective hospital-based study of 100 consecutive cases diagnosed with SP from January 2019 to September 2020. Every patient underwent comprehensive history taking, in-depth clinical examination, and investigations. Data were entered into Excel spreadsheets in 2019. Data were presented using frequency and percentage and descriptive statistics were used.

Results:
SP was more common in males, Smoking can be considered a significant risk factor for SP, as 54% of all cases had a history of smoking. Dyspnea, accompanied by unilateral chest pain is the most common SP symptom. Tuberculosis is the most common etiological component of SP. Eighty-five percent of cases were successfully treated by tube thoracostomy.

Conclusion:
SP was more common in males and during the third and fifth decades of life. Secondary SP was more common than primary SP. Smoking history is an important risk factor for SP. Evaluating the clinical profile helps in assessing the etiology of SP. Early screening for risk factors and detection of comorbidities helps in the prevention of SP.