bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complications of Vascular Access Device Terminal Tip Placement: A Case Study and Review of Subsequent Legal Action
Authors: Moureau Nancy L. , Zonderman Ann 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
A patient experienced complications following insertion and use of 2 similar vascular access devices with tip termination apparently in the subclavian veins. The thrombotic complications that developed were identified and reported in the first incident (a) as an occluded catheter, and then (b) as bleeding complications with delayed reporting for 8 days with the second catheter. The result was symptomatic deep vein thrombosis, thoracic outlet syndrome, and permanent nerve damage in both right and left extremities used for the venous catheter. The patient brought charges of malpractice against the hospital, the home care company, one nurse, and the manufacturer, alleging permanent nerve damage, venous occlusion, and chronic pain syndromes associated with both upper extremities. During the subsequent trial, evidence of permanent loss of function to the patient's left arm and chronic pain to both arms was presented through documentation of loss of fitness and inability to perform actions necessary to his chosen career as a pilot. The pain and loss of function were directly related to terminal tip placement of the catheter and care provided in conjunction with the venous catheter. The jury trial awarded the patient a final judgment of $7.15 million, with the hospital 55% liable and 45% liability among the other defendants. The jury also added some hospital physicians to the liability of the treatment and resulting patient harm. Nurses caring for patients have a duty to assess and evaluate the patient for complications on an ongoing basis, administer the prescribed therapy, and consistently provide communication with the primary physician specific to the assessment findings. A specialized nurse or certified intravenous nurse (CRNI) is held to a higher level of knowledge, understanding, and function. In this case, a CRNI was providing care for the patient both through hospital and outpatient home care services. Medical professionals and hospitals can reduce the likelihood of liability related to adverse events with venous catheters by acquisition of current education on the devices they insert and maintain; by updating and adhering to policies and procedures based on Standards of Practice and manufacturer instructions for use; by thorough documentation of care; and by conscientious reporting of patient clinical signs and symptoms. The goal of achieving safe patient care with vascular access devices is only possible through consistent education processes with all associated clinical staff.
Catheter-Related Infections in a Canadian Home Total Parenteral Nutrition Program: A Prospective Study Using U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Criteria
Authors: Saqui Olivia , Raman Maitreyi , Chang Albert , Allard Johane P. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
The most frequent home parenteral nutrition complication is central venous catheter infection. The authors sought to determine the rate and types of bloodstream infections in a Canadian home parenteral nutrition program. Methods: Bloodstream infection was diagnosed if all following criteria were present: (1) one or more positive blood cultures were found, (2) antimicrobial therapy or catheter was removed, and (3) there were no other infections. Results: Between April 1, 1996, and April 30, 1997, 43 patients from the Home Parenteral Nutrition Program at Toronto General Hospital participated in a multicenter study in which a total of 355 patients receiving home infusion therapy for various reasons were enrolled. From these 43 patients, there were 37 infections in 19 home parenteral nutrition patients. The infection rate was 2.3 per 1000 catheter days. The common infecting organism was coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. Conclusion: In this prospective study involving patients receiving home parenteral nutrition, although the information is 10 years old, the infection rate of 2.3 per 1000 catheter days is lower than most recent studies involving patients receiving total parenteral nutrition in the hospital or at home with a similar common infecting organism of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus.
Intermittent Intravenous Administration Sets: Survey of Current Practices
Authors: Hadaway Lynn 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
The practice of using intravenous (IV) administration sets for intermittent infusion is subject to much controversy and there is no scientific data to validate the practice. To get an idea of this practice, an online survey was sent to approximately 4000 nurses, with 361 responding. The results highlight the vast differences in practice between the clinical settings of the available studies and how these sets are currently used. Although no recommendations for practice can be drawn from these data, they emphasize the urgent need for research on the use of intermittent administration sets and their contribution to the incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infection.
Nursing Beyond the “Process”: Collegiality and Consultation Improves Outcomes by Protecting the Tissue Integrity of PICC Insertion Sites
Authors: Dawson Robert B. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
On a daily basis vascular access nurses are presented with complex patient care issues involving intravenous therapy. The nursing process as an instrument to organize nursing care is valuable; however, is it enough to positively affect patient outcomes? Nursing beyond the fundamental process requires the intent to advocate and protect the patient from unnecessary risk or harm. A patient with impaired tissue integrity from epidermolysis bullosa required a nurse specialist whose practice included advocacy, collegiality and consultation in order to protect a PICC insertion site and prevent complications. The intervention included the use of a soft silicone contact layer (Mepitel®) and a transparent semi-permeable membrane dressing (Tegaderm®). A new clinical process was born from the collaboration of two nursing professionals and it positively impacted patient outcomes. This is a professional approach to nursing care that is under utilized.
Potential Value of Vitamin E in Cancer Patients with Venous Access Devices
Authors: Chernecky Cynthia , Macklin Denise , Nugent Katherine , Waller Jennifer 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Background: Vitamin E has antiplatelet, fibrinolytic and endotoxin properties that may help avoid the problems of occlusion or inability to withdraw blood from port VADs.
Purpose: Disseminate information about the non-traditional therapeutic use of vitamin E associated with care of Venous Access Devices (VAD) in patients with cancer.
Methodology: In-person focus groups. Sample of 22 cancer patients who had port Venous Access Devices (VAD).
Findings: Fourteen percent (N = 3) of patients felt that taking vitamin E, 400 -800 IU per day orally, in capsule form, avoided the problems of occlusion or inability to withdraw blood from their current VAD.
Practice Implications: The effects of vitamin E on occlusion and inability to withdraw blood in caring for patients who have port VADs, requires further investigation.
Colored scalar in a chromomagnetic field
Authors: Turkoz Shemsettin , Mamedov Shahin , Ciftci Abbas 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
The motion of colored scalar particles in a constant color magnetic field is considered. The Klein-Gordon equation is solved in this background and the energy spectrum is quantized by boundary conditions. The unitary transformation diagonalizing this equation and the states with definite energy are found.
Double passage of electromagnetic waves through magnetized plasma: approximation of independent normal waves
Authors: Kravtsov Yury , Bieg Bohdan 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Polarization properties of electromagnetic waves, double-passed through magnetized plasma, are studied. Analyses are performed in the case of non-interacting normal modes, propagating in homogeneous and weakly inhomogeneous plasmas, and for three kinds of reflectors: metallic plane, 2D corner retro-reflector (2D-CR), and cubic corner retro-reflector (CCR). It is shown that an electromagnetic wave, reflected from a metallic plane and from a CCR, contains only “velocity-preserving” channels, whose phases are doubled in comparison with those of a single-passage propagation. At the same time, an electromagnetic wave reflected from a 2D-CR is shown to contain both “velocity-preserving” and “velocity-converting” channels, the latter converting the fast wave into the slow one and vice-versa. One characteristic feature of “velocity-converting” channels is that they reproduce the initial polarization state near the source, which might be of practical interest for plasma interferometry. In the case of circularly polarized modes, “velocity-preserving” channels completely disappear, and only “velocity-converting” channels are to be found.
The intrabody targeting of hTERT attenuates the immortality of cancer cells
Authors: Zhu Xiangying , Yang Nan , Cai Jianguo , Yang Guimei , Liang Shenghua , Ren Daming 
Published: September 2009

AbstracthTERT (human telomerase reverse transcriptase) plays a key role in the process of cell immortalization. Overexpression of hTERT has been implicated in 85% of malignant tumors and offers a specific target for cancer therapy. In this paper, we describe an effective approach using a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) intrabody derived from monoclonal hybridoma directed against hTERT to attenuate the immortalization of human uterine cervix and hepatoma cells. The scFv we constructed had a high affinity to hTERT, and specifically neutralized over 70% of telomere synthesis activity, thereby inhibiting the viability and proliferation of the cancer cells. Our results indicate that this anti-hTERT intrabody is a promising tool to target hTERT and intervene in the immortalization process of cancer cells.
An inventory of active subglacial lakes in Antarctica detected by ICESat (2003–2008)
Authors: Smith Benjamin E. , Fricker Helen A. , Joughin Ian R. , Tulaczyk Slawek 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThrough the detection of surface deformation in response to water movement, recent satellite studies have demonstrated the existence of subglacial lakes in Antarctica that fill and drain on timescales of months to years. These studies, however, were confined to specific regions of the ice sheet. Here we present the first comprehensive study of these ‘active’ lakes for the Antarctic ice sheet north of 86° S, based on 4.5 years (2003–08) of NASA’s Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) laser altimeter data. Our analysis has detected 124 lakes that were active during this period, and we estimate volume changes for each lake. The ICESat-detected lakes are prevalent in coastal Antarctica, and are present under most of the largest ice-stream catchments. Lakes sometimes appear to transfer water from one to another, but also often exchange water with distributed sources undetectable by ICESat, suggesting that the lakes may provide water to or withdraw water from the hydrologic systems that lubricate glacier flow. Thus, these reservoirs may contribute pulses of water to produce rapid temporal changes in glacier speeds, but also may withdraw water at other times to slow flow.
Spatially integrated geodetic glacier mass balance and its uncertainty based on geostatistical analysis: application to the western Svartisen ice cap, Norway
Authors: Rolstad C. , Haug T. , Denby B. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractEstimates of glacier mass balance using geodetic methods can differ significantly from estimates using direct glaciological field-based measurements. To determine if such differences are real or methodological, there is a need to improve uncertainty estimates in both methods. In this paper, we focus on the uncertainty of geodetic methods and describe a geostatistical technique that takes into account the spatial correlation of the elevation differences when calculating spatially averaged elevation changes. We apply this method to the western Svartisen ice cap, Norway, using elevation differences from the surrounding bedrock derived from stereophotogrammetry. We show that the uncertainty is not only dependent on the standard error of the individual elevation differences but is also dependent on the size of the averaging area and the scale of the spatial correlation. To assess if the geostatistical analysis made over bedrock is applicable to glacier surfaces, we use concurrent photogrammetrical and laser scanning data from bedrock and a range of glacier surfaces to evaluate the dependency of the geostatistical analysis on the surface type. The estimated geodetic mass balance, and its uncertainty, is −2.6 ± 0.9 m w.e. for the period 1968–85, and −2.0 ± 2.2 m w.e. for 1985–2002.
A new index of glacier area change: a tool for glacier monitoring
Authors: Dyurgerov Mark , Meier Mark F. , Bahr David B. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractSince the mid-19th century, most glaciers have been losing area and volume. This loss of area has not been homogeneous in time and space, and direct observations are sparse, making regional and global estimates of glacier change difficult. This paper focuses on developing a single index for monitoring glacier change, one that would be particularly useful for remote-sensing applications. We combine the results of direct glacier mass-balance observations B, total glacier area S and accumulation area Sc derived from maps or remotely sensed images. Using the accumulation–area ratio (AAR = Sc/S), we note the differences between observed AAR, time-averaged 〈AAR〉 and the equilibrium state AAR0, as determined by its value at B = 0 from a regression of B(AAR). We suggest that αd = (〈AAR〉 – AAR0)/AAR0 quantifies the difference between the currently observed state of glaciers and their equilibrium state and measures the delay in the dynamic response of S relative to the climatic response of Sc. Using all available observations for the period 1961–2004, αd ≈ −65% for tropical glaciers, which implies their rapid shrinkage as S continues to decrease and ‘catch up’ with Sc. During the same period, mid-latitude and polar glaciers show less negative values of αd. Of 86 glaciers from all latitudes and regions, only 11 show positive αd at any time between 1961 and 2004. Averaged over 1961–2004, αd is −15.1 ± 2.2%, and 〈B〉 is −360 ± 42 mm a−1 w.e. Values for AAR0 range between about 40% and 80%, but the bulk of the equilibrium values are between 50% and 60%. The average AAR0 is 57.9 ± 0.9% and has remained stable over time (the equilibrium AAR has not changed with climate). Overall, the observed negative αd suggests a committed retreat of glaciers and their continuing contribution to sea level even if global temperature is held constant.
Biochemistry Department, University of Oxford
Authors: Watson Howard 
Published: September 2009

AbstractHoward Watson describes how Hawkins\Brown's new Biochemistry Department for the University of Oxford represents an innovative new model for scientific research institutes. Spatially, its interior not only positively embraces and encourages social interaction and the fertilisation of ideas, but also brings art, architecture and science together under a single roof. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computational Building Performance Modelling and Ecodesign
Authors: Lam Khee Poh , Yeang Ken 
Published: September 2009

AbstractKhee Poh Lam and Ken Yeang call for architects to play a more proactive role in building performance modelling. They look at how this is all made possible with the emergence of accessible, cost‐effective web‐based systems for practices and the way that this can further be enhanced by integrated performance‐based design approaches. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Carbamoyl Azides Directly from Primary Alcohols and Oxidation of Secondary Alcohols to Ketones Using Iodobenzene Dichloride in Combination with Sodium Azide
Authors: Li Xiao‐Qiang , Wang Wei‐Kun , Zhang Chi 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAn effective synthesis of carbamoyl azides directly from primary alcohols using iodobenzene dichloride in combination with sodium azide has been developed. Moreover, the same regent combination was also efficient for the oxidation of secondary alcohols to the corresponding ketones.
Poly(2‐oxazoline)s: A Polymer Class with Numerous Potential Applications
Authors: Hoogenboom Richard 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe living cationic ring‐opening polymerization of 2‐oxazolines has been studied in great detail since its discovery in 1966. The versatility of this living polymerization method allows copolymerization of a variety of 2‐oxazoline monomers to give a range of tunable polymer properties that enable, for example, hydrophilic, hydrophobic, fluorophilic, as well as hard and soft materials to be obtained. However, this class of polymers was almost forgotten in the 1980s and 1990s because of their long reaction times and limited application possibilities. In the new millennium, a revival of poly(2‐oxazoline)s has arisen because of their potential use as biomaterials and thermoresponsive materials, as well as the easy access to defined amphiphilic structures for (hierarchical) self‐assembly. Recent developments that illustrate the potential of poly(2‐oxazoline)s are discussed in this Review. In addition, the promising combination of poly(2‐oxazoline)s and click chemistry is illustrated.
Fluorescence spectroscopy of H‐ras transfected murine fibroblasts: A comparison with Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Mark Shlomo , Salman Ahmad , Grossman Nili , Gopas Jacob , Sahu Ranjit Kumar , Mordechai Shaul 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAutofluorescence properties of tissues have been widely used to diagnose various types of malignancies. In this study, we measured the autofluorescence properties of H‐ras transfected murine fibroblasts and the counterpart control cells. The pair of cells is genetically identical except for the transfected H‐ras gene. We applied Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the relative contributions of Rayleigh and Mie scattering effects towards fluorescence in an in vitro model system of normal and H‐ras transfected fibroblasts. The experimental results showed that fluorescence emission intensity was higher for normal cells than the malignant counterpart cells by about 30%. In normal cells, linearity in emission intensity was observed for cell densities of up to 1.0 × 106 cells/ml whereas for transformed cells it was up to 1.4 × 106 cells/ml. Nuclear volume changes give good account for the differences in the intrinsic fluorescence between normal and malignant cells. The Monte Carlo (MC) code, newly developed for this study, explains both predominant experimental features: the large fluorescence intensity differences between the transfected and the corresponding control cells as well as the phenomena of the red shift in the excitation spectra as a function of cell density. The contribution of Rayleigh scattering was found to be predominant compared to Mie scattering. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 93: 132–140, 2010.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
An unbiased sensitivity analysis reveals important parameters controlling periodicity of circadian clock
Authors: Xie Zhi , Kulasiri Don , Samarasinghe Sandhya , Qian Jiang 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTo assess the importance of model parameters in kinetic models, sensitivity analysis is generally employed to provide key measures. However, it is quite often that no information is available for a significant number of parameters in biochemical models. Therefore, the results of sensitivity analysis that heavily rely on the accuracy of parameters are largely ambiguous. In this study, we propose a computational approach to determine the relative importance of parameters controlling the performance of the circadian clock inDrosophila. While previous attempts to sensitivity analysis largely depend on the knowledge of model parameters which are generally unknown, our study depicts a consistent picture of sensitivity assessment for a large number of parameters, even when the values of these parameters are not available in vivo. The resulting parametric sensitivity analysis suggests that PER/TIM negative loop is critical to maintain the stable periodicity of the circadian clock, which is consistent to the previously experimental and computational findings. Furthermore, our analysis generates a rich hypothesis of important parameters in the circadian clock that can be further tested experimentally. This approach can also be extended to assess the sensitivity of parameters in any biochemical system where a large number of parameters have unknown values. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010; 105: 250–259. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Treatment of simulated arsenic contaminated groundwater using GAC‐Cu in batch reactor: Optimization of process parameters
Authors: Mondal P. , Mohanty B. , Majumder C. B. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article deals with the experimental investigation related to the removal of arsenic from a simulated contaminated groundwater by the adsorption onto Cu2+ impregnated granular activated carbon (GAC‐Cu) in presence of impurities like Fe and Mn. The effects of adsorbent concentration, pH, and temperature on the percentage removal of total arsenic (As(T)), As(III), and As(V) have been discussed. Under the experimental conditions, the optimum adsorbent concentration for GAC‐Cu has been found to be 6 g/L with an agitation time of 24 h, which reduces the As(T) concentration from 188 to 8.5 µg/L. Maximum removal of As(V) and As(III) has been observed in the pH range of 7–9 and 9–11, respectively. Removal of all the above said arsenic species decreases slightly with increase in temperature. Presence of Fe and Mn increases the adsorption of arsenic species. Under the experimental conditions, at 30°C, maximum % removals of As(T), As(III), As(V), Fe, and Mn are found to be 95.5%, 93%, 98%, 100%, and 40%, respectively. It has also been observed that maximum regeneration (∼94%) of spent GAC‐Cu is exhibited by a 5NH2SO4 solution.
Epsilon‐stable quasi‐static brittle fracture evolution
Authors: Larsen Christopher J. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe introduce a new definition of stability, ε‐stability, that implies local minimality and is robust enough for passing from discrete‐time to continuous‐time quasi‐static evolutions, even with very irregular energies. We use this to give the first existence result for quasi‐static crack evolutions that both predicts crack paths and produces states that are local minimizers at every time, but not necessarily global minimizers. The key ingredient in our model is the physically reasonable property, absent in global minimization models, that whenever there is a jump in time from one state to another, there must be a continuous path from the earlier state to the later along which the energy is almost decreasing. It follows that these evolutions are much closer to satisfying Griffith's criterion for crack growth than are solutions based on global minimization, and initiation is more physical than in global minimization models. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.