bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RABV induces biphasic actin cytoskeletal rearrangement through Rac1 activity modulation
Authors: Liu Xiaomin , Xu Jing , Zhang Maolin , Wang Hualei , Guo Xin , Zhao Mingxin , Duan Ming , Guan Zhenhong , Guo Yidi 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Rabies virus (RABV) is highly lethal and triggers severe neurological symptoms. The neuropathogenic mechanism remains poorly understood. Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) is a Rho-GTPase that is involved in actin remodeling and has been reported to be closely associated with neuronal dysfunction. In this study, by means of a combination of pharmacological inhibitors, small interfering RNA, and specific dominant-negatives, we characterize the crucial roles of dynamic actin and the regulatory function of Rac1 in RABV infection, dominantly in the viral entry phase. The data show that the RABV phosphoprotein interacts with Rac1. RABV phosphoprotein suppress Rac1 activity and impedes downstream Pak1-Limk1-Cofilin1 signaling, leading to the disruption of F-actin-based structure formation. In early viral infection, the EGFR-Rac1-signaling pathway undergoes a biphasic change, which is first upregulated and subsequently downregulated, corresponding to the RABV entry-induced remodeling pattern of F-actin. Taken together, our findings demonstrate for the first time the role played by the Rac1 signaling pathway in RABV infection and may provide a clue for an explanation for the etiology of rabies neurological pathogenesis.

IMPORTANCE
Though neuronal dysfunction is predominant in fatal rabies, the detailed mechanism by which rabies virus (RABV) infection causes neurological symptoms remains in question. The actin cytoskeleton is involved in numerous viruses infection and plays a crucial role in maintaining neurological function. The cytoskeletal disruption is closely associated with abnormal nervous symptoms and induces neurogenic diseases. In this study, we show that RABV infection led to the rearrangement of the cytoskeleton as well as the biphasic kinetics of the Rac1 signal transduction. These results help elucidate the mechanism that causes the aberrant neuronal processes by RABV infection and may shed light on therapeutic development aimed at ameliorating neurological disorders.
CRISPRi functional genomics in bacteria and its application to medical and industrial research
Authors: Enright Amy L. , Heelan William J. , Ward Ryan D. , Peters Jason M. 
Published: May 2024

SUMMARY
Functional genomics is the use of systematic gene perturbation approaches to determine the contributions of genes under conditions of interest. Although functional genomic strategies have been used in bacteria for decades, recent studies have taken advantage of CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) technologies, such as CRISPRi (CRISPR interference), that are capable of precisely modulating expression of all genes in the genome. Here, we discuss and review the use of CRISPRi and related technologies for bacterial functional genomics. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of CRISPRi as well as design considerations for CRISPRi genetic screens. We also review examples of how CRISPRi screens have defined relevant genetic targets for medical and industrial applications. Finally, we outline a few of the many possible directions that could be pursued using CRISPR-based functional genomics in bacteria. Our view is that the most exciting screens and discoveries are yet to come.
Factors associated with road traffic injury in a high-risk zone of Bangladesh: a mixed-method study
Authors: Rozars Md Faisal Kabir , Ahmed Nawshin , Sultana Naima , Ishtiak A S M , Alam Md. Tohidul , Hossan Md. Elias , Nahar Nazmun , Zaman Shahriar , Naher Hurun , Khan Md Abdullah Saeed , Hawlader Mohmmad Delwer Hossain 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionRoad traffic injuries are a significant public health issue in low-income and middle-income countries. This study was designed to explore the pattern and factors associated with road traffic injury in a high-risk zone of Bangladesh.MethodThis mixed-method study included a total of 363 road traffic injury victims for the quantitative component, and 10 traffic-related officials and 10 drivers for the qualitative element. Data were collected using a pretested questionnaire, key informant interviews and a focus group discussion using a focus group discussion guide. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were done using Stata V.17 and NVivo V.12, respectively.ResultsMost participants were male, illiterate and young (<30 years) with age averaging 31.50±9.16 years. Of all road traffic injury victims, most had mild (45.18%) injuries, and the least had severe (5.79%) injuries, with head being the most common site (34.44%). The highest proportion of injuries were sustained by motor vehicle drivers (57.58%), followed by cyclists/rickshaw pullers (22.59%) and passengers (19.83%). Most vehicles were new (75.21%), and the rest were old (24.79%). Nearly one-third of the participants did not know about driving rules. The presence of knowledge was associated with less severe injury (p=0.031) compared with the absence of knowledge. The qualitative component of the study identified several factors related to road traffic injury, including driver factors (lack of sleep, bad driving habits and lack of helmets), driving activity factors (ignoring rules, overtaking, crossing speed limits and using bright headlights), road-related factors (broken roads, unplanned curves and angles, the need for spacious streets and the lack of appraisal of previous crash records) and traffic control factors (stringent traffic rules, effective implementation and training on using speed guns).ConclusionThe factors related to road traffic injury identified in this study could be used to plan targeted interventions for road safety improvement.
Occupational particle exposure and chronic kidney disease: a cohort study in Swedish construction workers
Authors: Kilbo Edlund Karl , Andersson Eva M , Andersson Martin , Barregard Lars , Christensson Anders , Johannesson Sandra , Harari Florencia , Murgia Nicola , Torén Kjell , Stockfelt Leo 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesIncreasing epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests that particle exposure is an environmental risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, only a few case–control studies have investigated this association in an occupational setting. Hence, our objective was to investigate associations between particle exposure and CKD in a large cohort of Swedish construction workers.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study in the Swedish Construction Workers’ Cohort, recruited 1971–1993 (n=286 089). A job-exposure matrix was used to identify workers exposed to nine different particulate exposures, which were combined into three main categories (inorganic dust and fumes, wood dust and fibres). Incident CKD and start of renal replacement therapy (RRT) were obtained from validated national registries until 2021 and analysed using adjusted Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsExposure to inorganic dust and fumes was associated with an increased risk of CKD and RRT during working age (adjusted HR for CKD at age <65 years 1.15, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.26). The elevated risk did not persist after retirement age. Exposure to cement dust, concrete dust and diesel exhaust was associated with CKD. Elevated HRs were also found for quartz dust and welding fumes.ConclusionsWorkers exposed to inorganic particles seem to be at elevated risk of CKD and RRT. Our results are in line with previous evidence of renal effects of ambient air pollution and warrant further efforts to reduce occupational and ambient particle exposure.
Intervenções críticas na/da escrita de Moreno. Caderno de bitácora
Authors: Gárate Miriam V. 
Published: May 2024

O artigo busca examinar alguns procedimentos relacionados a práticas de descoleção cultural e usos do arquivo nos textos de María Moreno, em especial, em dois deles, mais recentes, nos quais a “imaginação íntima” (Link) e a intervenção crítica se revezam e interagem: Black out, de 2016 e Oración. Carta a Vicki y otras elegías políticas, de 2018. Inicialmente apresentam-se alguns traços recorrentes da escrita de Moreno: o “cartonerismo epistemológico”, a bricolagem de textos e teorias, a heterogeneidade de registros discursivos, a ênfase na voz e na escuta, a fragmentariedade, o autoplagio. Em um segundo momento, ensaia-se a leitura de algumas passagens que inscrevem novos/outros sentidos nos arquivos manipulados nos dois textos.
Permissible Boycotting, Liability, and Intention
Authors: Betz Adam 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Philosophers have begun exploring justifications, such as liability and lesser-evil justifications, for consumer boycotting that are rooted in just war theory. The libertarian challenge holds that even morally objectionable consumer boycotts are nonetheless morally permissible in the sense that doing their constituent acts violates no rights or duties: consumer choice, information sharing, and advocacy are already permissible actions; boycotters do not acquire any special permissions that they did not already possess. I argue that even if consumers’ activities are generally permissible, they can become impermissible when done with certain intentions. Liability-based accounts of permissible boycotting should accept the view that intention is relevant to permissibility. Accepting this view marks a discontinuity between mere consumer choice and boycotting, and a discontinuity between permissible and impermissible boycotting, strengthening the argument that liability-based and lesser evil principles may sometimes be necessary for the permissibility of some consumer boycotts.
Painting a (Watercolour) Picture of Flinders Petrie’s Fieldwork at Meidum
Authors: Hinson Benjamin 
Published: May 2024

This short communication is a discussion of a series of watercolours of Flinders Petrie’s excavations at Meidum made by Henry Eliot Howard, a visitor to the site in 1891. These watercolours add a new visual record to the archive of nineteenth century excavations, in particular showcasing how Petrie lived and worked whilst on site. [Formula: see text]
Evaluation of Effectiveness and Safety of Firstline Drugs Used in the Treatment of Peripheral Neuropathy Among Elderly Population—A Randomised, Open-label, Active Comparator Study
Authors: Balasundaram Mahesh Kumar , Kannauje Pankaj Kumar , Dhaneria Suryaprakash , Singh Alok 
Published: May 2024

Background Peripheral neuropathy is four times more common in geriatric age group patients compared to younger ones. Most of the trials have targeted adult population, and there is scarcity of data in the geriatric age group. Purpose A real-world study was planned on geriatric patients suffering from peripheral neuropathy to analyse the effectiveness and safety of first-line drugs used in the management of peripheral neuropathy. Methods It was a randomised, open-label, active comparator clinical trial in which first-line drugs for peripheral neuropathy were compared [amitriptyline (10 mg), duloxetine (30 mg), gabapentin (300 mg), pregabalin (75 mg)] for their effectiveness and safety. The trial duration was eight weeks. The modified Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Score (mTCNS), Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) were used for effectiveness. Safety was assessed by monitoring adverse events. Multiple groups were compared with Kruskal–Wallis test, and post hoc analysis was performed with Dunn’s test. A p value <.05 was considered significant. Results A total of 80 patients were recruited (20 patients in each arm) with a mean age of 65.4 years, and 56.3% were male. Pregabalin was superior to amitriptyline ( p = .04) and duloxetine ( p = .02) in reducing mTCNS. Similarly, pregabalin was superior to amitriptyline ( p = .041 and duloxetine ( p = .009) in reducing GDS score. All drugs were comparable in reducing VRS ( p = .17). A total of 14 adverse events were observed, out of which constipation, sedation and dizziness were common. Maximum adverse events were observed in the duloxetine arm (6/14). Conclusion Pregabalin was superior to amitriptyline and duloxetine, whereas it was comparable to gabapentin in effectiveness. Constipation was the most common adverse event, but the central nervous system was the most involved in adverse events.
Mind-Body Intervention for Diabetic Neuropathy: A Pilot Study on Yoga’s Effects on Muscle Strength, Proprioception, Fear of Falling, Pain, and Quality of Life
Authors: Faridi Dastjerdi Mohammad Ali , Ghasemi Gholamali , Esmaeili Hamed , Ghasemi Kahrizsangi Negin 
Published: May 2024

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an 8-week yoga intervention on muscle strength, proprioception, pain, concerns about falling, and quality of life in individuals diagnosed with diabetic neuropathy. Methods A quasi-experimental design incorporating a pretest-posttest methodology and a control group was implemented in the present study. A total of 30 patients who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and neuropathy were recruited and randomly assigned to intervention ( n = 15) or non-exercise control ( n = 15). Yoga sessions were conducted for a duration of 60 min on three occasions per week, with participants requested to practice at home on other days. Results The results showed significant main effects of time on the muscle strength (both flexor and extensor muscles, p < .001, ηp2 = 0.652 and p < .001, ηp2 = 0.539, respectively), proprioception error ( p < .001, ηp2 = 0.807), pain intensity ( p < .001, ηp2 = 0.538), concerns about falling ( p < .001, ηp2 = 0.700), and overall score of quality of life ( p < .001, ηp2 = 0.475). Moreover, there were significant group-by-time interactions for all variables ( p < .001 for all). Conclusion The study reveals that yoga intervention can be an effective alternative therapeutic approach to medication for individuals with diabetic neuropathy. Yet, future studies are needed on a larger sample size to strengthen the present understanding of the advantageous impact of yoga intervention in this population.
Prognostic factors for surgical treatment of radiation-induced scleral necrosis after brachytherapy for uveal melanoma
Authors: Jabbarli Leyla , Biewald Eva , Guberina Maja , Rating Philipp , Fiorentzis Miltiadis , Flühs Dirk , Le Guin Claudia H. D. , Sokolenko Ekaterina , Sauerwein Wolfgang , Bornfeld Norbert , Stuschke Martin , Bechrakis Nikolaos E. 
Published: May 2024

Purpose Radiation-induced scleral necrosis (RISN) is a less frequent complication of brachytherapy for uveal melanoma, and may require surgical treatment in selected cases. We aimed to identify the prognostic factors for RISN treatment. Methods All patients with brachytherapy for uveal melanoma treated at our institution between 01/1999 and 12/2016 who developed RISN were followed until 02/2021. Various parameters were evaluated through univariable and multivariable Cox regression analysis. The surgical intervention due to RISN was the principal outcome event of this study. Results Of 115 patients in the final cohort, 51 individuals (44%) underwent RISN treatment (conjunctival revision [n = 2], patching [n = 46] or enucleation [n = 3]) at median 1.80 months after RISN occurrence. Significant RISN characteristics were summarized into a novel RISN severity scale – Grade I: largest diameter ≤ 5 mm and no progression; Grade II: largest diameter > 5 mm or any progression during the follow-up; Grade III: presence of uveal prolapse; and Grade IV: leakage through open eyewall perforation. In the multivariable analysis, the RISN severity scale (aHR = 2.37 per grade increase, p = 0.01) and the time between brachytherapy and RISN occurrence (<15 months, aHR = 6.33, p < 0.0001) were independently associated with the study endpoint. The RISN severity scale showed high diagnostic accuracy for prediction of RISN treatment (AUC = 0.869). Conclusions In our series, about the half of RISN cases underwent surgical treatment. The presented novel severity scale for RISN might become a helpful tool for clinical management of individuals with RISN. We recommend external validation of the diagnostic accuracy of the presented scale.
The role of lateral rectus muscle resection for severe esotropia after medial rectus muscle myectomy in Graves’ ophthalmopathy
Authors: Chiu Tzu-Yu , Cheng Ming-Chieh , Wei Yi-Hsuan , Liao Shu-Lang 
Published: May 2024

Purpose Persistent diplopia after rectus muscle myectomy is not uncommon but challenging in patients with Graves’ ophthalmopathy. We investigated the role of lateral rectus muscle resection for patients after medial rectus muscle myectomy in Graves’ ophthalmopathy. Methods We retrospectively reviewed and collected data from patients with persistent diplopia after medial rectus muscle myectomy for Graves’ ophthalmopathy who underwent unilateral or bilateral lateral rectus muscle resection. The eyeball deviations in the primary and reading positions before and after the operation were measured. A successful surgical outcome was defined as having less than five prism diopters (PD) in the primary gaze and functional binocular vision in the central 30° field postoperatively Results A total of fifteen patients were included (mean post-myectomy deviation: 35.9 PD, range: 14 to −75 PD). The lateral rectus muscle resection after medial rectus muscle myectomy achieved an 80.0% success rate, with one patient over-corrected and two patients under-corrected. Conclusions The lateral rectus muscle resection is an effective and predictable procedure for managing residual esotropia in Graves’ ophthalmopathy patients who have previously undergone medial rectus muscle myectomy.
Ocular manifestations and outcomes of OPMD- a report from the national IsrOPMD registry
Authors: Mekiten Ori , Zvulunov Alex , Ben Simon Guy , Charas Hagit , Ben-David Merav , Shelly Shahar , Greenbaum Lior , Dori Amir , Benyamini Limor , Zur Dinah , Levi Niv , Landau Prat Daphna , Zloto Ofira 
Published: May 2024

Purpose This study aims to describe the ocular manifestations, treatment, and prognosis of OPMD patients registered in the national Israel OPMD(IsrOPMD) registry. Methods Data was prospectively collected from patients referred to the IsrOPMD registry from January 2022 to March 2023. This included patient demographics, medical and ocular history, eye exams, eyelid evaluations, visual field exams, and orthoptic evaluations. Results 30 patients (15 males, mean age 53 years) were treated in the ocular OPMD clinic, predominantly of Bukhari descent (86.6%). The mean visual acuity was 0.06 logMAR. Twenty-one patients (70%) had eye movement problem, mostly in horizontal gaze. 6(20%) patients’ complaint about diplopia. Ptosis surgery was performed in 21(70%) patients, with 17(56.7%) patients underwent frontalis sling surgery and 4(13.3%) patients undergoing levator advancement. The mean Margin reflex distance (MRD1) improved post-surgery (2.28 mm vs. 1.58 mm), but 11(36.6%) patients required more than one ptosis surgery. Conclusions The study contributes valuable insights into the ocular aspects of OPMD. It reveals that OPMD patients often experience a range of ocular symptoms, such as ptosis, abnormalities in eye movements, strabismus, and potentially diplopia, which can significantly impact their quality of life. The findings underscore the importance of regular ophthalmological follow-up for these patients to address these symptoms effectively. The study is significant in contributing to the limited but growing knowledge about the ocular manifestations of OPMD and the management of these symptoms to improve the quality of life for patients suffering from this condition.
Blade retrofit design to reduce the noise of an axial flow fan by mitigating the tip leakage vortex
Authors: Xiao Youhong , Yang Guanghui , Lu Huabing , Yuan Ye 
Published: May 2024

In the context of controlling axial fan aerodynamic noise, one effective approach involves the redesign of the blade. In the present study, a novel blade design was formulated for a specific model of axial flow fan, targeting the mitigation of the tip leakage vortex (TLV) and subsequent reduction of noise levels. The assessed noise-reduction blades have perforations drilled from the leading edge (LE) to the pressure surface (PS) of the blades. By impeding the tip leakage flow (TLF), these perforations effectively weaken the TLV. The three-dimensional non-constant flow field within the channel is computed employing the shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model. The aerodynamic noise prediction, which is based on the Lighthill’s acoustic analogy theory, shows that the designed blades can effectively reduce the aerodynamic noise of the axial fan. Specifically, enhancing the ratio of inlet area to outlet area of the ventilation holes leads to an improved noise reduction effect. Notably, for ratios of 0.44 and 1.06, the designed blades exhibit noise reductions of up to 3.3 dB(A) and 3.9 dB(A), respectively. Meanwhile, the static efficiency of these two fans is reduced by 0.50% and 0.26%, respectively. The study thus provides good theoretical support for the design of axial flow fans in the context of noise reduction.
ICP: A midwifery perspective
Authors: Briley Annette , Cooper Megan 
Published: May 2024

Background ICP is a liver condition specific to pregnancy affecting 0.5–0.6% of pregnancies in Australia. Aims to review the SOMANZ guidelines and extrapolate information relevant to midwives proving care for women with ICP. Findings Multidisciplinary input is essential in caring for women with ICP and their families. Non-fasting TSBA samples ≥19 µmol/L are diagnostic in the presence of pruritus. Peak TSBA denotes the severity of the disease. Increased risk of stillbirth is small when peak TSBA ≥100 µmol/L. Conclusion Midwives play an essential role in supporting women with ICP helping them navigate complex appointments and manage the pruritus and concomitant issues.
A Systematic Review of Research Gaps in the Built Environment of Inpatient Healthcare Settings
Authors: Elf Marie , Lipson-Smith Ruby , Kylén Maya , Saa Juan Pablo , Sturge Jodi , Miedema Elke , Nordin Susanna , Bernhardt Julie , Anåker Anna 
Published: May 2024

Objective: This study utilized the evidence-gap map method and critically examined the scope, methodologies, and focus of the studies that investigated the influence of the built environment on inpatient healthcare settings over a decade (2010–2021). Methods: We conducted a systematic review per the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines and surveyed 406 articles, primarily from North America and Europe. Results: Our findings revealed a dominant focus on architectural features (73%), such as room design and ward layout. Comparatively, there was less emphasis on interior-, ambient-, social-, and nature-related features. Most previous studies explored multiple environmental features, which indicated the intricacy of this field. Research outcomes were diverse, with person-centered care (PCC) being the most frequently investigated, followed by safe care, emotional well-being, activity, and behavior. Furthermore, research methods varied considerably based on the study’s outcomes and features. Clinical outcomes and safe care favored quantitative methods, activity and behavior favored mixed methods, and PCC favored qualitative research. Conclusion: This review provides an in-depth overview of the existing studies on healthcare design research and sheds light on the current trends and methodological choices. The insights garnered can guide future research, policy-making, and the development of healthcare facilities.