bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Running Shoes on Lower Extremity Joint Torques
Authors: Kerrigan D. Casey , Franz Jason R. , Keenan Geoffrey S. , Dicharry Jay , Della Croce Ugo , Wilder Robert P. 
Published: December 2009

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of modern‐day running shoes on lower extremity joint torques during running.DesignTwo‐condition experimental comparison.SettingA 3‐dimensional motion analysis laboratory.ParticipantsA total of 68 healthy young adult runners (37 women) who typically run in running shoes.MethodsAll subjects ran barefoot and in the same type of stability running footwear at a controlled running speed. Three‐dimensional motion capture data were collected in synchrony with ground reaction force data from an instrumented treadmill for each of the 2 conditions.Main Outcome MeasurementsPeak 3‐dimensional external joint torques at the hip, knee, and ankle as calculated through a full inverse dynamic model.ResultsIncreased joint torques at the hip, knee, and ankle were observed with running shoes compared with running barefoot. Disproportionately large increases were observed in the hip internal rotation torque and in the knee flexion and knee varus torques. An average 54% increase in the hip internal rotation torque, a 36% increase in knee flexion torque, and a 38% increase in knee varus torque were measured when running in running shoes compared with barefoot.ConclusionsThe findings at the knee suggest relatively greater pressures at anatomical sites that are typically more prone to knee osteoarthritis, the medial and patellofemoral compartments. It is important to note the limitations of these findings and of current 3‐dimensional gait analysis in general, that only resultant joint torques were assessed. It is unknown to what extent actual joint contact forces could be affected by compliance that a shoe might provide, a potentially valuable design characteristic that may offset the observed increases in joint torques.
Adhesive Capsulitis: A New Management Protocol to Improve Passive Range of Motion
Authors: Mitra Raj , Harris Alex , Umphrey Chainey , Smuck Matthew , Fredericson Michael 
Published: December 2009

ObjectiveTo examine the short‐term efficacy of a nonoperative shoulder protocol for the treatment of adhesive capsulitis.DesignA retrospective chart review was used to collect data for a 3‐year period.SettingAcademic tertiary medical center.Patients28 consecutive patients diagnosed as having adhesive capsulitis were identified and managed with a new protocol.MethodsThe protocol consisted of the administration of a suprascapular nerve block, the subsequent injection of an intra‐articular steroid, and then the injection of an anesthetic agent with brisement normal saline volume dilation. The final step was manipulation of the shoulder.ResultsA paired t test was used to examine the difference in the preprocedure and postprocedure passive range of motion (flexion and abduction). The average shoulder abduction before the procedure was 89.5°; this improved by an average of 51.7° (P < .0001). The average shoulder flexion improved from 117.3° by an average of 37.7° (P < .0001). There was no significant difference in either abduction or flexion based on age, gender, or chronicity of symptoms. White patients experienced significantly more improvement in abduction than did nonwhite patients.ConclusionsThis study suggests that this adhesive capsulitis management protocol is effective and produces a significant improvement in the passive range of motion immediately after the procedure.
La gouvernance territoriale au Québec entre régionalisation et participation des peuples autochtones
Authors: Grammond Sébastien 
Published: December 2009

Résumé.Les théories de la gouvernance à paliers multiples ont tendance à minimiser le rôle du droit dans la structuration des systèmes de gouvernance. Or, la juxtaposition de deux évolutions récentes en matière de gouvernance territoriale au Québec, la gouvernance partagée avec les Autochtones et le projet de régionalisation du gouvernement du Québec, remet ce postulat en question. En effet, la protection constitutionnelle dont bénéficient les clauses de gestion territoriale de traités comme la Convention de la Baie James et du Nord québécois et, plus récemment, l'obligation de consulter découlant de l'arrêtNation haïda, assurent aux Autochtones un pouvoir plus important que celui qui est offert aux acteurs régionaux par le gouvernement du Québec.Abstract.Multi-level governance theories have a tendency to minimize the role of law in shaping governance systems. The study of two instances of territorial governance in Quebec, shared governance with the aboriginal peoples and the Quebec government's regionalization initiative, puts this premise in question. The constitutional protection afforded to the land management provisions of the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement and, more recently, to the duty to consult flowing from theHaida Nationcase give the aboriginal peoples more power than that recognized to regional actors under the Quebec government's initiative.
Freedom and Perfection: German Debates on the State in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Moggach Douglas 
Published: December 2009

Abstract.This paper explores eighteenth-century German debates on the relation of freedom and perfection in the course of which Kant works out his juridical theory. It contrasts the perfectionist ideas of political activity in Christian Wolff and Karl von Dalberg (a historically important but neglected figure), with Fichte's program inThe Closed Commercial State(1800), distinguishing logics of political intervention. Examining insufficiently recognized aspects of the intellectual context for Kant's distinction between happiness, right and virtue, the paper demonstrates Fichte's (problematic) application of Kantian ideas of freedom to political economy and contests current interpretations of the politically disengaged character or attenuated modernism of German political philosophy in the Enlightenment.Résumé.Ce texte étudie le rapport entre liberté et perfection dans la pensée allemande du dix-huitième siècle. C'est dans le contexte de ces débats que Kant élabore sa propre théorie juridique. En examinant les fondements théoriques de l'intervention politique, le texte fait une distinction entre le perfectionnisme éthique de Christian Wolff et de Karl von Dalberg (personnage historiquement important mais peu étudié), et le programme d'inspiration kantienne proposé par Fichte dans sonÉtat commercial fermé(1800).L'objectif du texte est de reconstruire le contexte intellectuel de la distinction kantienne entre bonheur, droit et vertu, et de démontrer l'usage problématique qu'en fait Fichte dans le domaine de l'économie politique. Le texte remet en question des interprétations récentes qui dévalorisent l'engagement politique et le modernisme des Lumières allemandes.
Willingness to live in eldercare institutions among older adults in urban and rural China: a nationwide study
Authors: CHOU RITA JING-ANN 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTRecent economic development and socio-cultural changes have made it increasingly difficult for Chinese families to provide eldercare. Consequently, institutional care has been strongly promoted to meet older adults' long-term care needs. Although it has been estimated that China needs more beds to meet such needs, unfilled beds have been reported nationwide. One reason for the low occupancy may be a lack of willingness among older adults to live in long-term care institutions. Based on a national survey of 20,255 older adults, this study examined the extent of willingness among older Chinese to live in eldercare institutions, and it was found that in urban and rural areas, only 20 and 17 per cent of older adults, respectively, were willing to do so. Using an integrated theoretical model and logistic regression analyses, this study shows that gender, perceived family harmony, perceived filial piety, socio-cultural beliefs and practices about raising children and eldercare, knowledge and opinion about eldercare institutions, and self-assessed economic status were associated with willingness to live in eldercare institutions for both urban and rural older adults, while other predictors of willingness had different effects. The paper concludes with a discussion of the substantive, theoretical and policy implications for long-term care in China.
History in the National Curriculum: a lesson in curriculum devolution
Authors: Jones Gareth Elwyn 
Published: December 2009

This article will focus on an event in the educational history of Wales in the 1980s which still impacts both on school practice and on thinking about concepts of Welsh identity. That event was the creation of the History Committee for Wales which was charged with devising a history curriculum for Welsh schools in the wake of the 1988 Education Act. The story will be told largely by using evidence gleaned in elite interviews with the ministers, senior inspectors and civil servants most closely associated with the decision to support or accept the creation of this committee. The significance of the decision will be assessed by charting the progress of curriculum devolution in Wales from the beginnings of state education and the implications of this for ideas of Welshness. This background will be briefly sketched, as will the background to the 1988 Education Act on a wider canvas. General reaction to that act in the Welsh Office will be discussed before the detailed implications for the subject of history will be explored in detail. It will then be argued that wider discussions as to how schools should approach and reflect the history and culture of nations not only shed important light on devolutionary processes which were gathering pace at the time but also reflect the nature of Welshness as perceived by senior figures in the world of education policy‐making.
Hydrophobin Fusions for High-Level Transient Protein Expression and Purification inNicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Joensuu Jussi J. , Conley Andrew J. , Lienemann Michael , Brandle Jim E. , Linder Markus B. , Menassa Rima 
Published: December 2009

AbstractInsufficient accumulation levels of recombinant proteins in plants and the lack of efficient purification methods for recovering these valuable proteins have hindered the development of plant biotechnology applications. Hydrophobins are small and surface-active proteins derived from filamentous fungi that can be easily purified by a surfactant-based aqueous two-phase system. In this study, the hydrophobin HFBI sequence from Trichoderma reesei was fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) and transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana plants by Agrobacterium tumefaciens infiltration. The HFBI fusion significantly enhanced the accumulation of GFP, with the concentration of the fusion protein reaching 51% of total soluble protein, while also delaying necrosis of the infiltrated leaves. Furthermore, the endoplasmic reticulum-targeted GFP-HFBI fusion induced the formation of large novel protein bodies. A simple and scalable surfactant-based aqueous two-phase system was optimized to recover the HFBI fusion proteins from leaf extracts. The single-step phase separation was able to selectively recover up to 91% of the GFP-HFBI up to concentrations of 10 mg mL™1. HFBI fusions increased the expression levels of plant-made recombinant proteins while also providing a simple means for their subsequent purification. This hydrophobin fusion technology, when combined with the speed and posttranslational modification capabilities of plants, enhances the value of transient plant-based expression systems.
Aneuploidy Causes Tissue-Specific Qualitative Changes in Global Gene Expression Patterns in Maize
Authors: Makarevitch Irina , Harris Carolyn 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Segmental aneuploidy refers to the relative excess or deficiency of specific chromosome regions. This condition results in gene dosage imbalance and often causes severe phenotypic alterations in plants and animals. The mechanisms by which gene dosage imbalance affects gene expression and phenotype are not completely clear. The effects of aneuploidy on the transcriptome may depend on the types of cells analyzed and on the developmental stage. We performed global gene expression profiling to determine the effects of segmental aneuploidy on gene expression levels in two different maize (Zea mays) tissues and a detailed analysis of expression of 30 genes affected by aneuploidy in multiple maize tissues. Different maize tissues varied in the frequency at which genes located outside of the aneuploid regions are positively or negatively regulated as well as in the degree of gene dosage compensation. Multiple genes demonstrated qualitative changes in gene expression due to aneuploidy, when the gene became ectopically expressed or completely silenced in aneuploids relative to wild-type plants. Our data strongly suggested that quantitative changes in gene expression at developmental transition points caused by variation in gene copy number progressed through tissue development and resulted in stable qualitative changes in gene expression patterns. Thus, aneuploidy in maize results in alterations of gene expression patterns that differ between tissues and developmental stages of maize seedlings.
Effectiveness of a smoking cessation intervention in Dutch pharmacies and general practices
Authors: Hoving Ciska , Mudde Aart N. , Dijk Froukje , de Vries Hein 
Published: December 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to test the effectiveness of a computer‐tailored smoking cessation intervention, distributed through 75 Dutch general practices (GP) and 65 pharmacies (PH) in a randomised control trial.Design/methodology/approachRespondents receive a tailored letter or a thank you letter (control condition). Main outcome measures are a quit attempt, seven‐day abstinence and continued abstinence at follow‐up (PH: three and 12 months, GP: six months). Effect of use and appreciation of the tailored letter are also tested.FindingsIn total, 1,019 smokers are recruited (545 in PH study, 474 in GP study). At 12‐month follow‐up (PH), respondents receiving the tailored letter report quit attempts significantly more often. No main effects are found in the GP sample. However, reading the tailored letter more than once (GP) and talking with others about the tailored letter (PH) are borderline significant predictors of quitting and point prevalence abstinence.Research limitations/implicationsPositive effects of the intervention in a previous efficacy study are not repeated. The possible influence of power, social desirability and testing effect, extraneous events, the availability of the intervention outside the study and data entry issues are presented.Practical implicationsPossible explanations for the results found in the study and improvements of the intervention are discussed. This can guide researchers in future smoking cessation intervention development and testing.Originality/valueThe paper aims to replicate findings from a previously conducted efficacy study under real‐life circumstances.
Environmentally responsive supply chains
Authors: Chandra Shukla Apratul , Deshmukh S.G. , Kanda Arun 
Published: December 2009

PurposeThe arrival of global manufacturers has brought about new challenges such as environmental concerns and sustainability of supply chains. The purpose of this paper is to identify implementation level, major drivers, various practices and performance of environmentally and socially‐conscious supply chain management (SCM) in the context of the automobile industry in India.Design/methodology/approachThe literature is reviewed to understand various challenges/barriers to the adoption of green supply chain management (GSCM) practices; statistical analysis of various drivers, practices and performance of environmentally and socially conscious supply chain is carried out in the case of an automobile cluster in central India. Personal interviews are conducted and a structured questionnaire is used for data collection from 30 organizations including original equipment manufacturers, first‐ and second‐tier suppliers.FindingsEnvironmentally and socially responsive supply chains are in the early adoption stages in India. Companies studied in the auto cluster are not adequately addressing these measures in supply chain design and operations; though awareness and inclination to adopt has been on the rise – actual implementation lacks a holistic approach.Originality/valueInvestigation of GSCM along with social concerns is rarely done in the Indian context. This paper will offer valuable insights for managers in understanding the consequences of non‐compliance, especially with the Indian automobile industry recently becoming global.
Line‐haul optimization of OFLT Inc.
Authors: Ozcam Adivar Burcu , Yurt Oznur 
Published: December 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe a case study which can be used as a teaching exercise. This study aims to support students' and/or practitioners' knowledge on line‐haul optimization techniques and their ability to analyze and solve problems on transportation management.Design/methodology/approachThis paper focuses on transportation management processes of a leading company in the sector, Ohio Freight Lines Transportation Inc., and a consultancy firm, A.C. Consultancy Service Inc. Although it is a real case, the name of the company has been omitted due to confidentiality reasons. However, this should not affect the key messages and learning points.FindingsAt the end of the case text, ten questions and their potential answers are also provided as a teaching note.Originality/valueThe case study is based on the idea that a firm's efficiency and profitability levels depend on its operational efficiencies.
Recession: a shot in the arm for HR
Authors: Griffin Ed , Smith Grahame 
Published: December 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to provide a practical view of the developing role of HR, particularly given recessionary conditions. It aims to identify the ways in which HR teams can combine serving the short‐term needs of the organization with making a deeper longer‐term contribution.Design/methodology/approachThis article is based upon the authors' experience of working with HR teams in both the private and public sectors in the UK and Northern Europe. In parallel with this, they have worked with many line management teams across sectors and heard both their complaints and praise for HR. The article also draws upon recent research in HR Business Partnering led by one of the authors.FindingsIt was found that those HR teams that sustain a balanced contribution to organizational success seem to have a number of key components: operational effectiveness in delivering core HR services, flexible HR strategy, commercial focus and highly credible individuals.Originality/valueThe article highlights the importance of HR teams balancing their operational effectiveness with longer‐term strategic impact, and professional expertise with personal credibility and presence. The attraction of being involved in large‐scale organizational change may mean that HR provides the operational support for change but loses its greater influence. In developing HR professionals it will continue to be important to get the right mix of personal skills and technical expertise.
Improving competence and compliance through self‐service and e‐learning development
Authors: Mundey Matt 
Published: December 2009

PurposeHealthcare organizations in the UK face a particular combination of challenges in managing learning and development (L&D) activity and have traditionally lagged behind corporates in adopting relevant technologies. However, a wave of initiatives from the UK government's Department of Health has underlined its support for greater use of technology and greater deployment of e‐learning to improve knowledge and competence throughout National Health Service (NHS) organizations. These organizations also have to meet a variety of mandatory and statutory reporting requirements and in effect suffer financial penalties if they fail to meet set targets. The purpose of this case study is to review how one newly‐merged Primary Care Trust (PCT) – a body that manages local delivery of primary healthcare – progressed from having a new L&D team with no common systems, to successfully rolling out self‐service learning and e‐learning to end users.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses the experience of the PCTs covering the Hertfordshire area as a case study.FindingsThe trust has found that the right strategy and technologies deliver greater transparency to the L&D process, raising the profile of L&D in the organization, creating better understanding and appreciation of the benefits of L&D and generating better training attendances and positive feedback.Originality/valueThe Hertfordshire PCTs form one of the most proactive and innovative healthcare organizations in the UK, in terms of the rollout of self‐service learning and the way it integrates the NHS web‐based knowledge and skills framework – called the e‐KSF – with its learning management system. This potentially offers valuable insights to other healthcare organizations.
Building for the future with virtual learning
Authors: Aitken Rachel 
Published: December 2009

PurposeThe economic downturn has forced many HR and training managers to find more cost effective ways of providing training to employees. This article aims to examine some of these methods, in particular virtual learning via conferencing.Design/methodology/approachThe article examines different types of virtual learning methods and looks in depth at how training via conferencing has benefited two educational organizations, City & Guilds and Cambridge Regional College.FindingsThe article shows how virtual learning can provide organizations with cost‐effective training programs.Originality/valueThe methods used in this article offer practical training solutions to HR/training professionals in any organization.
Introduction of weather‐derivative concepts: perspectives for Portugal
Authors: Ghiulnara Alieva , Viegas Cristina 
Published: December 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present an overview of weather derivatives markets and to highlight the importance of the contributing factors for weather risk management such as weather sensitivity, weather forecast, and economic growth. In this paper, the prospective of using weather derivatives in Portugal and why Portugal should use such instruments as well as the potential of Portugal's enterprises are presented.Design/methodology/approachThis paper attempts to distinguish the reasons for the appearance of a weather derivatives market and the growth potential of the European weather market.FindingsSuccessful development of a Portuguese weather derivatives market will require three things. For the successful development of weather derivatives market, a legal and economic framework is needed, as well as the development of new weather products, training of qualified specialists for working with these instruments and attracting companies interested in hedging their profits. A combination of these factors will help growth and will accelerate the development of a weather derivatives market in Portugal.Originality/valueThe paper identifies some conditions that could allow the progress of the weather derivatives market in Portugal.