bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accurately identifying the defects of bubbles and foreign objects under the protective films of electric vehicle batteries by using 3D point clouds
Authors: Wu Bingjie , Bai Yi , Lv Kun , Zhang Geyou , Liu Kai 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
For the defects of bubbles and foreign objects under the protective film of electric vehicle batteries, it is difficult to accurately identify them over traditional 2D optical images. In this paper, we first propose a supervoxel-based region growing algorithm for pre-segmentation of point clouds. Secondly, we utilize radial basis function interpolation and threshold segmentation methods to accurately segment defect point clouds from the entire point cloud. Finally, we develop a feature descriptor and combine it with support vector machine to classify bubbles and foreign objects under the film. This paper achieves the identification of bubbles and foreign objects under the film through two steps: point cloud segmentation and point cloud classification. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed point cloud segmentation method exhibits high robustness to noise and the intrinsic curvature of the workpiece. Additionally, in the classification scenario presented in this paper, the proposed feature descriptor outperforms classical feature descriptors. Compared to image-based deep learning methods, the defect recognition algorithm proposed in this paper has clear principles and superior performance, with precision and recall of 95.63% and 96.95%, and an intersection over union metric of 0.926.
Size-dependent mechanical analysis of porous functionally graded piezoelectric micro/nanoscale structures: a literature review
Authors: Zheng Shijie , Zhang Nan , Zhao Xie , Chen Dejin , Wang Hongtao 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Recent advancements in fabrication techniques, such as the development of powder metallurgy, have made it possible to tailor the mechanical properties of functionally gradient piezoelectric (FGP) micro/nanostructures. This class of structures can be used to improve the performance of many micro/nanoelectromechanical systems because of their spatially varying mechanical and electrical properties. The importance of FGP micro/nanoscale structures has been demonstrated by the growing number of published works on their size-dependent mechanical characteristics, including their static bending, buckling, vibration, energy harvesters and wave propagation using scale-dependent continuum-based models. Reviewing recent developments in the field of non-classical continuum mechanics, this paper examines the size-dependent mechanical analysis of porous FGP micro/ nanostructures. Five sophisticated theories of piezoelectricity—modified couple stress, strain gradient, surface effect, as well as nonlocal and nonlocal strain gradient theory, for example—are given special consideration in light of their potential to forecast unusual mechanical performance and wave characteristics in porous FGP micro/nanostructures and devices. In the future, porous FGP micro/nanostructures with multi-field couplings may be studied or designed, and this article may be a helpful resource.
Flux pinning dynamics in optimally proton irradiated REBCO coated conductors
Authors: A Soman Arya , Wimbush Stuart C , Long Nicholas J , Rupich Martin W , Leveneur Jerome , Kennedy John , Strickland Nicholas M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Particle irradiation offers a route to incorporating additional flux pinning centres in high-temperature superconducting wires with minimal disruption to the pre-existing defect landscape, thereby further enhancing the critical current in a controllable fashion. This work is a comprehensive study of the fluence-dependence of proton irradiation using protons of two energies, 2.5 and 1.2 MeV, in enhancing the critical current performance in commercially available (Y,Dy)Ba2Cu3O7−δ coated conductors. A sequence of fluences covering the range from 1 × 1015 to 5 × 1016 protons cm−2 was used in the irradiation process to study the flux pinning in this material. The resulting samples were characterized using field angle-dependent transport critical current measurements over a range of temperatures from 20 K to 77.5 K and magnetic fields up to 8 T, thus covering the wide range of operating conditions. Optimisation of fluence for highest performance at each energy resulted in a similar level of isotropic critical current enhancement, a factor 2.6 improvement at 20 K and 8 T, but with a significant difference in the optimised fluence in each case. The lower energy 1.2 MeV protons produce this enhancement at a three-fold lower fluence compared to 2.5 MeV protons, a result of their higher electronic energy loss. The different samples are analysed within the framework of the maximum entropy model, helping to understand the vortex dynamics before and after irradiation.
Non-iterative 3D computer-generated hologram based on single full-support optimized random phase and phase compensation
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Han Peng , Shi Jisen , Zhou Hao , Zhang Quanbing , Cheng Hong , Shen Chuan , Zhang Fen , Han Chao , Wei Sui 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The main problem faced by traditional three-dimensional (3D) holographic displays is the time-consuming and poor flexibility of the hologram generation process. To address this issue, this paper proposes a non-iterative 3D computer-generated hologram (SFS-ORAP-PC-3D) method based on single full-support optimized random phase and phase compensation. Combining the full-support optimized random phase (FS-ORAP) method and the 3D layer-based idea to efficiently and non-iteratively generate the phase-only hologram of a 3D object with arbitrary positions and sizes using single FS-ORAP, thus overcoming the limitations of the original ORAP method in target position and size. Meanwhile, using a Fresnel lens for phase compensation allows for free selection of reconstruction planes. Numerical and optical experiments validate the feasibility of our proposed method.
Chivalry Without Women
Authors: Thal Sarah 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
An American world history text—read, interpreted, and used in entirely unintended contexts—shaped what we now see as a quintessentially Japanese concept: the way of the samurai (bushidō). William Swinton’s 1874 textbook, Outlines of the World’s History, was widely read in Japan both in the original and in translation. Proponents of the new and evolving idea of bushidō in the 1890s found Swinton’s chapter on European chivalry particularly useful, adopting his logic to assert the existence of a way of the samurai, akin to European chivalry, as the basis of Japan’s civilized national character, while defining that way as fundamentally opposed to the immoral “woman worship” of the West. In sum, Swinton’s textbook fueled a backlash in 1890s Japan that would give rise to a conception of chivalry without women: a purportedly native way of the samurai, inherently male supremacist, thought to constitute Japan’s national spirit, with a mission to civilize Japan and, for some proponents, the world.
Lower Eyelid Position Changes Following Müller’s Muscle-Conjunctival Resection Blepharoptosis Surgery
Authors: Ghahvehchian Hossein , Rafizadeh Seyed Mohsen , Aghajani Amirhossein , Karami Khamaan Hosna , Zare Hosseinabadi Vahid , Rajabi Mohammad Taher 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Asymmetry of the lower eyelids and a lower position of the lower eyelid on the ptotic side are common issues in patients with upper lid ptosis. Understanding the relationship between upper lid ptosis correction and lower eyelid position will facilitate better treatment strategies for ptosis.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess the lower eyelid position before and after Müller’s muscle-conjunctival resection (MMCR) in unilateral myogenic ptosis (MP) and aponeurotic ptosis (AP).

Methods
This prospective interventional before-and-after study included adults with blepharoptosis. Measurements were taken before and 6 months after the surgery.

Results
A total of 47 patients were included, with 29 having MP and 18 having AP. The mean [standard deviation] ages were 31.55 [5.30] years and 50.11 [6.45] years, respectively. In the MP group, there was a significant association between baseline margin reflex distance 2 (MRD2) and the severity of ptosis (MRD1) (β = −0.739, P = .004, multivariate regression analysis). After MMCR, significant decreases were observed in MRD2 for both the MP (−0.38 [0.48] mm, P &lt; .001) and AP (−0.39 [0.47] mm, P = .003) groups. The symmetry of MRD2 remained stable at 41.4% in the MP group, while it decreased from 44.4% to 16.7% in the AP group. The baseline MRD2 was the only factor associated with postoperative MRD2 in the MP group.

Conclusions
Patients with MP and AP often exhibit a lower position of the lower eyelid, which typically elevates after posterior upper lid ptosis surgery. In myogenic cases, the severity of preoperative lower eyelid position correlates with the severity of upper lid ptosis and predicts postoperative elevation of the lower lid.

Level of Evidence: 3
The microgeo: an R package rapidly displays the biogeography of soil microbial community traits on maps
Authors: Li Chaonan , Liu Chi , Li Hankang , Liao Haijun , Xu Lin , Yao Minjie , Li Xiangzhen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Many R packages provide statistical approaches for elucidating the diversity of soil microbes, yet they still struggle to visualize microbial traits on a geographical map. This creates challenges in interpreting microbial biogeography on a regional scale, especially when the spatial scale is large or the distribution of sampling sites is uneven. Here, we developed a lightweight, flexible, and user-friendly R package called microgeo. This package integrates many functions involved in reading, manipulating, and visualizing geographical boundary data; downloading spatial datasets; and calculating microbial traits and rendering them onto a geographical map using grid-based visualization, spatial interpolation, or machine learning. Using this R package, users can visualize any trait calculated by microgeo or other tools on a map and can analyze microbiome data in conjunction with metadata derived from a geographical map. In contrast to other R packages that statistically analyze microbiome data, microgeo provides more-intuitive approaches in illustrating the biogeography of soil microbes on a large geographical scale, serving as an important supplement to statistically driven comparisons and facilitating the biogeographic analysis of publicly accessible microbiome data at a large spatial scale in a more convenient and efficient manner. The microgeo R package can be installed from the Gitee (https://gitee.com/bioape/microgeo) and GitHub (https://github.com/ChaonanLi/microgeo) repositories. Detailed tutorials for the microgeo R package are available at https://chaonanli.github.io/microgeo.
Effects of sample storage temperature and duration on the detection of foliar endophytes of tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.) in summer and winter
Authors: Win Phyu Mar , Matsushita Norihisa , Fukuda Kenji 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Seasonal changes in the diversity of tea plant endophytic fungi and the effects of sample storage conditions on detection were analyzed. Tea leaves were collected from the Saitama Tea Research Institute in Japan during winter (January 2020) and summer (August 2020). The effects of storage temperature (5, 10, 20, 25, and 30°C) and durations (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days) on endophytic fungal diversity and community structure were investigated. In summer, storage period and temperature did not affect the fungal colonization rate, frequency, and composition. In winter, storage temperature and period significantly affected the endophytic community structure. Fungal diversity was higher in winter than in summer. Positive relationships between diversity index and storage temperature and period were observed in winter, whereas the opposite trend was observed in summer. Our findings provide insight into the ecology of foliar endophytes of tea plants and the importance of proper sample collection and storage for microbiome studies.
Impacts of sample handling and storage conditions on archiving physiologically active soil microbial communities
Authors: Brock Marcus T , Morrison Hilary G , Maignien Loïs , Weinig Cynthia 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Soil microbial communities are fundamental to ecosystem processes and plant growth, yet community composition is seasonally and successionally dynamic, which interferes with long-term iterative experimentation of plant–microbe interactions. We explore how soil sample handling (e.g. filtering) and sample storage conditions impact the ability to revive the original, physiologically active, soil microbial community. We obtained soil from agricultural fields in Montana and Oklahoma, USA and samples were sieved to 2 mm or filtered to 45 µm. Sieved and filtered soil samples were archived at −20°C or −80°C for 50 days and revived for 2 or 7 days. We extracted DNA and the more transient RNA pools from control and treatment samples and characterized microbial communities using 16S amplicon sequencing. Filtration and storage treatments significantly altered soil microbial communities, impacting both species richness and community composition. Storing sieved soil at −20°C did not alter species richness and resulted in the least disruption to the microbial community composition in comparison to nonarchived controls as characterized by RNA pools from soils of both sites. Filtration significantly altered composition but not species richness. Archiving sieved soil at −20°C could allow for long-term and repeated experimentation on preserved physiologically active microbial communities.
LRTK: a platform agnostic toolkit for linked-read analysis of both human genome and metagenome
Authors: Yang Chao , Zhang Zhenmiao , Huang Yufen , Xie Xuefeng , Liao Herui , Xiao Jin , Veldsman Werner Pieter , Yin Kejing , Fang Xiaodong , Zhang Lu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Linked-read sequencing technologies generate high-base quality short reads that contain extrapolative information on long-range DNA connectedness. These advantages of linked-read technologies are well known and have been demonstrated in many human genomic and metagenomic studies. However, existing linked-read analysis pipelines (e.g., Long Ranger) were primarily developed to process sequencing data from the human genome and are not suited for analyzing metagenomic sequencing data. Moreover, linked-read analysis pipelines are typically limited to 1 specific sequencing platform.

Findings
To address these limitations, we present the Linked-Read ToolKit (LRTK), a unified and versatile toolkit for platform agnostic processing of linked-read sequencing data from both human genome and metagenome. LRTK provides functions to perform linked-read simulation, barcode sequencing error correction, barcode-aware read alignment and metagenome assembly, reconstruction of long DNA fragments, taxonomic classification and quantification, and barcode-assisted genomic variant calling and phasing. LRTK has the ability to process multiple samples automatically and provides users with the option to generate reproducible reports during processing of raw sequencing data and at multiple checkpoints throughout downstream analysis. We applied LRTK on linked reads from simulation, mock community, and real datasets for both human genome and metagenome. We showcased LRTK’s ability to generate comparative performance results from preceding benchmark studies and to report these results in publication-ready HTML document plots.

Conclusions
LRTK provides comprehensive and flexible modules along with an easy-to-use Python-based workflow for processing linked-read sequencing datasets, thereby filling the current gap in the field caused by platform-centric genome-specific linked-read data analysis tools.
Exploring the role of polymorphic interspecies structural variants in reproductive isolation and adaptive divergence in Eucalyptus
Authors: Ferguson Scott , Jones Ashley , Murray Kevin , Andrew Rose L , Schwessinger Benjamin , Bothwell Helen , Borevitz Justin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Structural variations (SVs) play a significant role in speciation and adaptation in many species, yet few studies have explored the prevalence and impact of different categories of SVs. We conducted a comparative analysis of long-read assembled reference genomes of closely related Eucalyptus species to identify candidate SVs potentially influencing speciation and adaptation. Interspecies SVs can be either fixed differences or polymorphic in one or both species. To describe SV patterns, we employed short-read whole-genome sequencing on over 600 individuals of Eucalyptus melliodora and Eucalyptus sideroxylon, along with recent high-quality genome assemblies. We aligned reads and genotyped interspecies SVs predicted between species reference genomes. Our results revealed that 49,756 of 58,025 and 39,536 of 47,064 interspecies SVs could be typed with short reads in E. melliodora and E. sideroxylon, respectively. Focusing on inversions and translocations, symmetric SVs that are readily genotyped within both populations, 24 were found to be structural divergences, 2,623 structural polymorphisms, and 928 shared structural polymorphisms. We assessed the functional significance of fixed interspecies SVs by examining differences in estimated recombination rates and genetic differentiation between species, revealing a complex history of natural selection. Shared structural polymorphisms displayed enrichment of potentially adaptive genes. Understanding how different classes of genetic mutations contribute to genetic diversity and reproductive barriers is essential for understanding how organisms enhance fitness, adapt to changing environments, and diversify. Our findings reveal the prevalence of interspecies SVs and elucidate their role in genetic differentiation, adaptive evolution, and species divergence within and between populations.
Computation and analysis of surface wave dispersion and attenuation in layered viscoelastic-vertical transversely isotropic media by the generalized R/T coefficient method
Authors: Yuan Shichuan , Pan Lei , Shi Caiwang , Song Xianhai , Chen Xiaofei 
Published: June 2024

SUMMARY
In this study, we propose a systematic and effective method, that is, an extended version of the generalized reflection/transmission (R/T) coefficient method, for computing the phase-velocity (${c}_r$) dispersion curves, attenuation coefficient ($\alpha $) curves, and eigenfunctions of both Rayleigh and Love waves as well as the ellipticity of Rayleigh waves in layered viscoelastic-vertical transversely isotropic (VTI) media. The numerical scheme of combining the root-searching method with the local optimization method is designed for determining the complex-valued modal solutions (i.e. complex wavenumber $k = {\omega {/ {\vphantom {\omega {{c}_r - i\alpha }}}} {{c}_r - i\alpha }}$) of surface waves. The near-surface sedimentary geological environment is taken as the model example because it is typical viscoelastic-VTI media. Besides the anisotropic-viscoelastic (AV) media, our algorithm can also compute surface waves in isotropic-elastic (IE), isotropic-viscoelastic (IV) and anisotropic-elastic (AE) media by resetting the corresponding parameters. Using the six-layer half-space models and in these four media, we verify the correctness of our algorithm by benchmarking the modal solutions against those from other methods. In the four-layer half-space model, by comparing the results of IE, IV, AE and AV media, we analyse the effects of velocity anisotropy, viscoelasticity and attenuation anisotropy on the dispersion and attenuation characteristics of both Rayleigh and Love waves in detail. Our study can provide a theoretical basis and useful tool for surface wave imaging considering the anisotropy and/or viscoelasticity of the medium, which has the potential to better investigate the solid Earth's internal structure.
Morphisms of Character Varieties
Authors: Cotner Sean 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Let $k$ be a field, let $H \subset G$ be (possibly disconnected) reductive groups over $k$, and let $\Gamma $ be a finitely generated group. Vinberg and Martin have shown that the induced morphism $\underline{\operatorname{Hom}}_{k\textrm{-gp}}(\Gamma , H)//H \to \underline{\operatorname{Hom}}_{k\textrm{-gp}}(\Gamma , G)//G$ is finite. In this note, we generalize this result (with a significantly different proof) by replacing $k$ with an arbitrary locally Noetherian scheme, answering a question of Dat. Along the way, we use Bruhat–Tits theory to establish a few apparently new results about integral models of reductive groups over discrete valuation rings.
Modelling suggests Wolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility in oak gall wasps with cyclical parthenogenesis
Authors: Taprogge Melanie , Grath Sonja 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Oak gall wasps typically exhibit a life cycle with one sexual and one asexual generation each year. These wasps can carry various endosymbionts, one of which is the maternally inherited bacterium Wolbachia that can induce several reproductive manipulations on its host. Cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) has been described as the most prominent of these manipulations. CI leads to embryonic mortality in the hosts’ offspring when infected males mate with either uninfected females or with females that harbour different Wolbachia strains. It has been hypothesized that Wolbachia can induce CI in oak gall wasps. To address this hypothesis, we derived a mathematical model to investigate the spread of a bacterial infection in naive populations and to determine the plausibility of CI occurrence. To validate our model, we used published data from Wolbachia-infected Belonocnema kinseyi populations in two approaches. Our first approach uses measurements of infection frequencies and maternal transmission in the sexual generation. For the second approach, we extended the model to compare predictions to estimates of mtDNA-haplotypes, which, like Wolbachia, are maternally inherited, and can therefore be associated with the infection. Both approaches indicate that CI is present in these populations. Our model can be generalized to investigate the occurrence of CI not only for oak gall wasps but also for other species.