bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defects in mouse nephrogenesis induced by selective and non‐selective cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitors
Authors: Olliges Anke , Wimmer Stefanie , Nüsing Rolf M 
Published: March 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Deletion of the cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) gene causes impairment of kidney development, but the effect of selective inhibitors of COX‐2 (coxibs) or the non‐selective inhibitors of COX (the classical non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs; NSAIDs) on kidney development was less well described.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We assessed the effects of equipotent analgesic doses of celecoxib, rofecoxib, valdecoxib, etoricoxib and lumiracoxib and of the NSAIDs, diclofenac and naproxen, on postpartum kidney development in mice, from postnatal day 1 (P1) to P21.KEY RESULTS All the COX inhibitors, at the doses used, blocked COX‐2 activity by more than 80% as assayed by PGE2 synthesis in lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated mouse blood samples. Rofecoxib, etoricoxib and lumiracoxib exerted the most marked impairment of postpartum kidney development, demonstrated by attenuation of kidney growth, reduction in size of glomeruli, increase in immature superficial glomeruli, thinning of subcapsular cortical mass and reduction in size of juxtamedullary glomeruli. These defects were less severe than those in kidneys from COX‐2−/− mice. Administration of diclofenac and naproxen revealed renal defects similar to those after coxib treatment, but both NSAIDs induced greater arrest of immature superficial glomeruli in the outer cortex and increased the number of undifferentiated proliferating cell nuclear antigen‐positive cells. Treatment with celecoxib or valdecoxib caused only minimal changes in renal morphology.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Classical NSAIDs cause similar or even stronger nephrodysgenesis than the coxibs. Also, the ranking of coxibs regarding adverse effects on renal development, using equi‐analgesic doses, is rofecoxib = etoricoxib = lumiracoxib > valdecoxib > celecoxib.
Liposome‐encapsulated dexamethasone attenuates ventilator‐induced lung inflammation
Authors: Hegeman MA , Cobelens PM , Kamps JAAM , Hennus MP , Jansen NJG , Schultz MJ , van Vught AJ , Molema G , Heijnen CJ 
Published: March 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Systemic glucocorticoid therapy may effectively attenuate lung inflammation but also induce severe side‐effects. Delivery of glucocorticoids by liposomes could therefore be beneficial. We investigated if liposome‐encapsulated dexamethasone inhibited ventilator‐induced lung inflammation. Furthermore, we evaluated whether targeting of cellular Fcγ‐receptors (FcγRs) by conjugating immunoglobulin G (IgG) to liposomes, would improve the efficacy of dexamethasone‐liposomes in attenuating granulocyte infiltration, one of the hallmarks of lung inflammation.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mice were anaesthetized, tracheotomized and mechanically ventilated for 5 h with either ‘low’ tidal volumes ∼7.5 mL·kg−1 (LVT) or ‘high’ tidal volumes ∼15 mL·kg−1 (HVT). At initiation of ventilation, we intravenously administered dexamethasone encapsulated in liposomes (Dex‐liposomes), dexamethasone encapsulated in IgG‐modified liposomes (IgG‐Dex‐liposomes) or free dexamethasone. Non‐ventilated mice served as controls.KEY RESULTS Dex‐liposomes attenuated granulocyte infiltration and IL‐6 mRNA expression after LVT‐ventilation, but not after HVT‐ventilation. Dex‐liposomes also down‐regulated mRNA expression of IL‐1β and KC, but not of CCL2 (MCP‐1) in lungs of LVT and HVT‐ventilated mice. Importantly, IgG‐Dex‐liposomes inhibited granulocyte influx caused by either LVT or HVT‐ventilation. IgG‐Dex‐liposomes diminished IL‐1β and KC mRNA expression in both ventilation groups, and IL‐6 and CCL2 mRNA expression in the LVT‐ventilated group. Free dexamethasone prevented granulocyte influx and inflammatory mediator expression induced by LVT or HVT‐ventilation.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FcγR‐targeted IgG‐Dex‐liposomes are pharmacologically more effective than Dex‐liposomes particularly in inhibiting pulmonary granulocyte infiltration. IgG‐Dex‐liposomes inhibited most parameters of ventilator‐induced lung inflammation as effectively as free dexamethasone, with the advantage that liposome‐encapsulated dexamethasone will be released locally in the lung thereby preventing systemic side‐effects.
Mass‐scale high‐throughput multiplex polymerase chain reaction for human platelet antigen single‐nucleotide polymorphisms screening of apheresis platelet donors
Authors: Shehata Nadine , Denomme Gregory A. , Hannach Barbara , Banning Nancy , Freedman John 
Published: March 2011

BACKGROUND:Treatment with human platelet antigen (HPA)‐matched platelets (PLTs) is the optimal therapy for bleeding secondary to neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Recent advances in high‐throughput DNA‐based blood group and PLT antigen genotyping have made it possible to screen plateletpheresis donors for potential HPA‐matched PLT transfusion.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:This prospective study evaluated genomic DNA from plateletpheresis donors for single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with HPA‐1, ‐2, ‐3, ‐4, ‐5, and ‐15 to determine whether high‐throughput multiplex genomic DNA PCR and oligonucleotide extension technology can be used for mass‐scale PLT antigen genotyping. Genotyping using SNP technology was confirmed using sequence‐specific polymerase chain reaction (SSP‐PCR).RESULTS:Of the 748 donors screened, 277 were found to be negative for antigens implicated in alloimmune thrombocytopenia. In addition, two donors were homozygous for HPA‐1b/b and ‐2b/b, six donors for HPA‐1b/b and ‐3b/b, one for HPA‐2b/b and ‐3b/b, one for HPA‐1b/b and ‐5b/b, 10 for HPA‐1b/b and ‐15 b/b, four for HPA‐5b/b and ‐15b/b, and one for HPA‐2b/b and ‐15b/b. Retesting using SSP‐PCR was conducted for 60 donors. Discrepant results occurred between SNP and SSP‐PCR in less than 20% of samples for HPA‐1b/1b/HPA‐3b/3b, HPA‐5b/5b, and HPA‐15b/b.DISCUSSION:High‐throughput multiplex PCR SNP and confirmatory molecular genotyping are useful for mass‐scale screening of apheresis PLT donors to provide antigen‐negative genotypes. Refinements to mass‐scale multiplex analysis technology would reduce further the confirmatory testing needed.
Isolation of Streptococcus bovis from apheresis platelets of asymptomatic donor warranted colonoscopy investigation: case report and literature review
Authors: Lin Chun‐Yu , Tseng Shih‐Bin , Lu Po‐Liang , Chen Tun‐Chieh , Lin Wei‐Ru , Chen Yen‐Hsu , Lin Kuo‐Sin 
Published: March 2011

BACKGROUND: Bacterial contamination of platelet (PLT) products is one of the most serious complications of transfusion. Culturing PLT components may detect the presence of bacteria, thus reducing the risk of a septic result after transfusion. Streptococcus bovis has previously been reported as a contaminating microorganism in PLT products. Here we report an asymptomatic donor diagnosed with occult colon malignancy after positive isolation of S. bovis from his apheresis PLTs (APs). We also review previous cases.CASE REPORT: The PLT donor was a 50‐year‐old man with more than 150 prior plateletpheresis or whole blood donations. Bacterial culture of his AP components yielded two positive results: group D Streptococcus was isolated in July 2008 and S. bovis was reported in April 2010. The donor received further testing, and colonofibroscopic examination revealed colonic neoplasm. Pathologic examination of the biopsied tissue led to a diagnosis of invasive adenocarcinoma. He underwent a left hemicolectomy in July 2010. Examination of the resection specimen confirmed adenocarcinoma, Stage III with regional lymph node metastatic adenocarcinoma.CONCLUSION: Donated AP products positive for S. bovis should not be presumed to be due to contamination during collection. This bacteremia originating from donor factors needs to be carefully evaluated. Colonofibroscopic examination is recommended for these donors to detect colonic malignancy as early as possible.
A mild acute hemolytic transfusion reaction in a patient with alloanti‐Ge3: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Baughn Mariah R. , Whitacre Patricia , Lo Grace S. , Pandey Suchitra , Lane Thomas A. 
Published: March 2011

BACKGROUND: The clinical significance of the Gerbich antibodies has been described as variable and there are no well‐documented reports of hemolytic transfusion reactions (HTRs).CASE REPORT: We present the case of a woman with a long history of documented anti‐Ge3 alloantibody who received multiple units of Ge+ red blood cells (RBCs) uneventfully. During the first admission to our hospital she was transfused 8 units of Ge+ RBCs and had a negative monocyte monolayer assay (MMA) before receiving the units. Within 2 weeks of the transfusions, the anti‐Ge3 became significantly stronger by indirect antiglobulin test, and the MMA increased from 2.2 to 79.5% reactivity. She returned 4.5 years later with an emergent need for blood and was transfused with 2 units of Ge+ RBCs after premedication with steroids and intravenous immunoglobulin.RESULTS: The first unit was transfused without incident; however, she developed clinical and laboratory signs consistent with an acute HTR with the second unit.CONCLUSION: After a comprehensive review of the literature, we believe this to be the first well‐documented case of acute HTR due to anti‐Gerbich alloantibodies.
Quality‐of‐life in wasp venom allergy – validation of the German version of the “Vespid Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire” (VQLQ‐d)
Authors: Fischer Jörg , Feidt Alexandra , Giel Katrin Elisabeth , Martens Ute , Zipfel Stephan , Biedermann Tilo , Teufel Martin 
Published: March 2011

Summary Background: Little is known about the quality of life of patients who are allergic to insect venom. This fact is due to the lack of specific instruments assessing the interaction of type 1 allergy and its psychological burden. Patients and methods: The only established questionnaire on health‐related quality‐of‐life in patients with wasp venom allergies is the “Vespid Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire” (VQLQ). This questionnaire was translated from Dutch into German and validated with 79 patients with wasp venom allergy, including the use of the well‐established general quality‐of‐life questionnaire WHOQOL‐BREF. Results: In the German version VQLQ‐d we could reproduce the validity and reliability of the original Dutch version. Cronbach's alpha of the VQLQ‐d was α= 0.95. The results of the VQLQ‐d corresponded to the total score of the WHOQOL‐BREF. Conclusion: The VQLQ‐d enables measurement of quality‐of‐life in patients with wasp venom allergy in the German‐speaking population. This economic tool makes it possible to better describe and treat affected patients. Furthermore, it can be used to advance research in this field.
The impact of oral vitamin A derivatives on lipid metabolism – What recommendations can be derived for dealing with this issue in the daily dermatological practice?
Authors: Klör Hans‐Ulrich , Weizel Achim , Augustin Matthias , Diepgen Thomas L. , Elsner Peter , Homey Bernhard , Kapp Alexander , Ruzicka Thomas , Luger Thomas 
Published: March 2011

SummaryRetinoids and vitamin A derivatives have been widely used topically and systemically in the treatment of hyper‐ and parakeratotic skin diseases, genodermatoses, severe acne, autoimmune diseases (i. e. lupus erythematosus) or cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma for more than 30 years. In addition to the desired proliferation‐inhibiting, differentiation‐inducing and antiinflammatory or sebo‐suppressive effects, vitamin A derivatives also affect lipid metabolism. This is shown primarily by an increase of transaminases, triglycerides or cholesterol levels which vary in intensity from patient to patient. The degree of impact on the different parameters of lipid metabolism depends on the nature of the vitamin A derivative on the one hand due to different receptor specific binding interactions (RAR/RXR), while on the other hand posttranslational processes also play a major role.This review paper gives a brief, concise overview of the vitamin A derivatives and possible effects on lipid metabolism that can be expected. Additionally it contains a recommendation for secure handling of abnormal laboratory values before, during and after oral therapy with vitamin A derivatives. The aim of this article is to provide practical help and confidence in dealing with vitamin A derivatives in daily clinical practice. The publication was created in cooperation with the Deutsche Dermatologische Gesellschaft (DDG) and Deutsche Gesellschaft zur Bekämpfung von Fettstoffwechselstörungen und ihren Folgeerkrankungen (DGFF [Lipid‐Liga] e. V.).
Response to atomoxetine in boys with high‐functioning autism spectrum disorders and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Zeiner Pål , Gjevik Elen , Weidle Bernhard 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAim:  To study the efficacy and tolerability of atomoxetine in high‐functioning boys with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and comorbid attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD).Methods:  Fourteen boys (age 7–17) participated in a 10‐week open‐label study. Atomoxetine doses were 0.5 mg/kg/day in week 1 and 1.2–1.4 mg/kg/day in weeks 2–10. Changes in AD/HD symptoms were measured by the AD/HD Rating Scale, and global improvements by the Clinical Global Improvement Scale. Both measures were used to assess drug response. Assessments were done at baseline and at weeks 2, 4, 6 and 10. Teacher ratings were done at baseline and 10 weeks.Results:  There were significant reductions in AD/HD symptoms rated by parents (p < 0.005) and by teachers (p < 0.05). One participant was rated as ‘Much improved’, five as ‘Moderately improved’, seven as ‘Minimally improved’, and one as ‘Unchanged or worse’. Seven subjects were classified as clinical responders. The most common adverse events were nausea and headache. Two participants discontinued treatment.Conclusion:  Seven out of 14 boys with high‐functioning ASD and comorbid AD/HD showed significant reductions in AD/HD symptoms and were classified as responders to atomoxetine. Most children tolerated the drug well.
CONSUMER HEDONIC EVALUATION OF EIGHT FRESH SPECIALTY LEAFY GREENS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO INSTRUMENTAL QUALITY ATTRIBUTES AND INDICATORS OF SECONDARY METABOLITES
Authors: FOULADKHAH ALIYAR , BUNNING MARISA , STONE MARTHA , STUSHNOFF CECIL , STONAKER FRANK , KENDALL PATRICIA 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTSensory properties, quality attributes (color, texture, total soluble solids, dry weight) and indicators of secondary metabolites (total phenolic compounds, radical scavenging capacity) of eight specialty leafy greens were evaluated in this study. Because of its commercial availability and consumer familiarity, red iceberg lettuce was chosen as the control for comparison with amaranth, huauzontle, pac choi, tai sai, arugula, mizuna and komatsuna. For a majority of the greens, more than 50% of panelists reported appearance, texture and overall acceptability of the samples as highly acceptable or acceptable. Flavor, however, had lower values. There were no significant differences in overall acceptability among five taxa (amaranth, pac choi, tai sai, mizuna and komatsuna) compared with red iceberg lettuce; however, the mean appearance values of five greens (komatsuna, mizuna, arugula, tai sai and pac choi) were higher than red iceberg (P < 0.05). Panelists' flavor perceptions were strongly correlated with overall acceptability of the greens.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis study demonstrated that selected specialty leafy greens (amaranth, huauzontle, pac choi, tai sai, arugula, mizuna, komatsuna and red iceberg lettuce) have desirable sensory attributes that are comparable with traditional greens available in the market. This suggests potential for commercial production and marketing of the selected specialty leafy greens.
Do wind and brass players snore less? A cross‐sectional study of snoring and daytime fatigue in professional orchestral musicians
Authors: Wardrop P.J.C. , Ravichandran S. , Hair M. , Robertson S.M. , Sword D. 
Published: March 2011

Clin. Otolaryngol. 2011, 36, 134–138Objectives:  To determine whether playing a wind or brass musical instrument is associated with reduced snoring or daytime fatigue.Design:  Cross‐sectional, controlled, anonymous, questionnaire‐based observational study.Setting:  Rehearsal and performance halls.Participants:  Three hundred and forty musicians from Scotland’s five professional orchestras.Main outcome measures:  Snore Outcomes Survey questionnaire and the Epworth Sleepiness Score.Statistical method:  Hierarchical linear regression analysis.Results:  No significant difference was found between the snoring severity (Snore Outcomes Survey score) or daytime sleepiness (Epworth score) of wind/brass and other professional musicians. A regression model with snoring severity (Snore Outcomes Survey score) as the dependent variable and the three covariates of gender, age and body mass index as independent variables was significant [F(3, 206) = 28.77, P < 0.01, adjusted r2 = 0.285]. Increasing age, body mass index and male gender were all significantly associated with lower Snore Outcomes Survey scores (i.e. worse snoring).The addition of instrument type did not significantly increase the fit of the model, and the regression coefficient for instrument type was not significant. There were similar results when the Epworth Sleepiness Score was used as the dependent variable.Conclusions:  This study demonstrated no significant difference between the snoring severity or daytime sleepiness of brass/wind players and other professional orchestral musicians. This result may have been attributed to comparatively low levels of snoring/daytime sleepiness in the population studied. The findings contrast with previous studies examining the effects of singing and didgeridoo playing but concur with a recent similar study of orchestral musicians. A prospective interventional study would be required to determine whether playing a wind or brass instrument improves these variables in patients complaining of disruptive snoring.
Sociology and Human Rights in the Post‐Development Era
Authors: Frezzo Mark 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis article explores the dilemmas of the sociology of human rights – a growing field of academic research. Sociologists are increasingly conceptualizing poverty, global economic inequality, and social inequalities of race, class, gender, and sexual orientation not as social problems, but rather as human rights abuses. The shift of emphasis from the social problems perspective to the human rights perspective demands a different set of remedies from IGOs, national governments, and local authorities. Whereas in the past sociologists tended either to recommend modifications to social policies or to propose large‐scale social transformation, they now find themselves advocating the implementation of human rights on the global, national, and local levels. This has brought sociologists into the area of global governance. The process of delineating an explicitly sociological perspective on human rights is impeded by two overlapping dilemmas: (1) the tension between an approach that emphasizes the analysis of ‘rights effects’ on the global, national, and local levels and an approach that stresses the advocacy of rights as a palliative for social inequalities; and (2) the tension between an interdisciplinary vision, in which sociology would join other disciplines in illuminating human rights and a unidisciplinary vision, in which sociologists and their allies would push for a unified social science founded on human rights.
Antibody Responses to a Spore Carbohydrate Antigen as a Marker of Nonfatal Inhalation Anthrax in Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Saile Elke , Boons Geert-Jan , Buskas Therese , Carlson Russell W. , Kannenberg Elmar L. , Barr John R. , Boyer Anne E. , Gallegos-Candela Maribel , Quinn Conrad P. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTTheBacillus anthracisexosporium protein BclA contains an O-linked antigenic tetrasaccharide whose terminal sugar is known as anthrose (J. M. Daubenspeck et al., J. Biol. Chem. 279:30945–30953, 2004). We hypothesized that serologic responses to anthrose may have diagnostic value in confirming exposure to aerosolizedB. anthracis. We evaluated the serologic responses to a synthetic anthrose-containing trisaccharide (ATS) in a group of five rhesus macaques that survived inhalation anthrax following exposure toB. anthracisAmes spores. Two of five animals (RM2 and RM3) were treated with ciprofloxacin starting at 48 hours postexposure and two (RM4 and RM5) at 72 h postexposure; one animal (RM1) was untreated. Infection was confirmed by blood culture and detection of anthrax toxin lethal factor (LF) in plasma. Anti-ATS IgG responses were determined at 14, 21, 28, and 35 days postexposure, with preexposure serum as a control. All animals, irrespective of ciprofloxacin treatment, mounted a specific, measurable anti-ATS IgG response. The earliest detectable responses were on days 14 (RM1, RM2, and RM5), 21 (RM4), and 28 (RM3). Specificity of the anti-ATS responses was demonstrated by competitive-inhibition enzyme immunoassay (CIEIA), in which a 2-fold (wt/wt) excess of carbohydrate in a bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate of the oligosaccharide (ATS-BSA) effected >94% inhibition, whereas a structural analog lacking the 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-butyryl moiety at the C-4" of the anthrosyl residue had no inhibition activity. These data suggest that anti-ATS antibody responses may be used to identify aerosol exposure toB. anthracisspores. The anti-ATS antibody responses were detectable during administration of ciprofloxacin.
Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis Is a Suitable Tool for Differentiation of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Strains without Cultivation
Authors: Vranckx K. , Maes D. , Calus D. , Villarreal I. , Pasmans F. , Haesebrouck F. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACT

An assay based on multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis allowed differentiating and studying diversity and persistence of
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
strains in pig herds without prior cultivation. The test had a discriminatory index of >0.99 and was applied reliably to porcine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and tracheal swabs.
Identification and Genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in China
Authors: Zhang Xu , Wang Zhaoxia , Su Yan , Liang Xiaoying , Sun Xiaojing , Peng Shuai , Lu Huijun , Jiang Ning , Yin Jigang , Xiang Mei , Chen Qijun 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACT

In this study, the prevalence of
Enterocytozoon bieneusi
in China was investigated. Twelve genotypes of
E. bieneusi
were identified, of which 10 were novel genotypes. Further, 41.6% of the genotypes were found in both humans and animals. This is the first report of
E. bieneusi
in China.