bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Near distance vision with aspherical intraocular lenses in a model eye
Authors: LANGENBUCHER A , JANUNTS E , GILLNER M , EPPIG T 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To determine the image performance of aberration free (AF) and aberration correcting (AC) aspherical IOLs for objects located at near distance in a model eye.Methods For our simulation we considered 2 AF IOLs (1: Bausch&Lomb SOFPORT, 2: Dr. Schmidt MC6125 AS), 2 AC IOLs 3: Alcon Z9000, 4: Zeiss Invent ZO) and for reference a spherical IOL (5: Dr. Schmidt MC5812). All lenses (nominal refractive power: 22 D) were optimized for objects at far distance at a pupil of 3.0mm and all simulations were done for a pupil of 4.5mm. Image performance was assessed with Strehl ratio and geometrical RMS spot size using optical design software OSLO. The object vergence was increased from 0D:0.5D:3.5D to simulate the capabilities for near distance vision. The Liou Brennan (LBME) and the Gullstrand (GME) model eye were used for simulation.Results With the LBME for far distant objects the Strehl ratio/RMS spot size was 0.1768/0.0157, 0.2613/0.0131, 0.8978/0.0008, 0.3577/0.0066 and 0.0159/0.0261 for lenses 1 to 5, respectively. For near distant objects (vergence 3D) it was 0.0018/0.0730, 0.0011/0.0579, 0.0004/0.0855, 0.0007/0.0801 and 0.0029/0.0669. With the GME for far distant objects (vergence 0D) the Strehl ratio/RMS spot size was 0.1698/0.0159, 0.2442/0.0134, 0.8651/0.0008, 0.3257/0.0069 and 0.0117/0.0246 for lenses 1 to 5, respectively. For near distant objects (vergence 3D) it was 0.0018/0.0718, 0.0013/0.0747, 0.0003/0.0861, 0.0007/0.0789 and 0.0066/0.0656.Conclusion As both AC IOLs show the best imaging performance mostly for the LBME as well as the GME for far distance objects, the performance is strongly degraded for near distant objects and even worse than the respective values for AF and spherical IOLs both, for the LBME as well as the GME.
Simulation platform for evaluation of geometrical and positional changes of lenses during accommodation
Authors: GILLNER M , EPPIG T , ZORIC K , BRÜNNER H , LANGENBUCHER A 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To build‐up an optomechanical eye model to reproduce physiological accommodation as a test environment for assessment of accommodative intraocular lenses (AIOL).Methods Freshly enucleated porcine eyes were cleaned and glued into an expansion unit at ciliary body level. The cornea was removed using a trephine. After extraction of the crystalline lens with circular capsulorhexis an AIOL was implanted into the capsular bag. Finally, the posterior part of the globe was cut off and a vitrectomy was performed. The expansion unit with the dissected eye was placed in a temperature stabilized cuvette with BSS (35°C) simulating physiological conditions. The ciliary body is expanded to stretch or relax the zonula fibers effectuating pseudophakic accommodation. For a dynamic measurement of accommodation we used: 1) A Shack‐Hartmann‐Sensor for measuring optical performance. 2) An optical coherence tomograph (OCT) to measure the shape and relative lens position during accommodation.Results The setup allows measurement of curvature, relative lens position, optical power and image quality of the IOL for different states of accommodation. Due to optical constraints, simultaneous measurement of 1) and 2) was not possible. Therefore, the cuvette was shifted between both beam paths for each measurement. Within the measurement area (5.5 x 5.5 x 1.6 mm in air) the OCT resolution is limited to 12 µm.Conclusion The presented setup was considered to analyze the behavior of AIOL during accommodation in terms of change in curvature, position and optical performance. After experimental evaluation of the setup we will standardize and automate the measurement procedure, with the goal of a new AIOL design.
Benign concentric annular macular dystrophy. Diagnosis in a pediatric case
Authors: DE LA MATA G , FERNANDEZ‐PEREZ S , SATUE M , HERRERO LATORRE R , RUIZ O 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose We report a case of a benign concentric annular macular dystrophy diagnosed in childhood during a routine examination. We describe all the ophtlamologic features, complementary tests and the differential diagnosis.Methods A 5 year old female patient who went to her first ophthalmological examination; her visual acuity (VA) was normal, but we found in the funduiscopy of her right eye an image of annular pigment epithelial atrophy in the macula zone with mottled pigment in the lesion. We appreciated in the left eye funduscopy a less marked alteration of the macular pigment epithelium.Results The electrophysiological parameters were completely normal, appreciating a bilateral foveal atrophy in the macular optical coherence tomography. We didn’t perform perimetry and fluorescein angiography due to early age of the patient. The patient had no relevant family history. This suggests the diagnosis of benign concentric annular macular dystrophy.Conclusion This is a pattern dystrophy described by Deutman in 1974, with few cases in the literature so far. Inheritance is autosomal dominant and characterized by an hypopigmented ring with respected foveal center. Usually diagnosed in adulthood and initially has a respected VA, so it is important to make a differential diagnosis with other entities to submit a bull's‐eye maculopathy, as malarial retinopathy, cone dystrophy and Stargardt disease. May evolve toward greater loss of VA and electroretinogram abnormalities, it is therefore necessary routine checks in these patients.
Electrophysiologic findings in Greek patients with Stargardt disease
Authors: ANASTASAKIS A , PLAINIS S , KAMAKARI S , TSIKA C , DOUKA C , TSILIMBARIS MK 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To characterize the clinical and electroretinographic features of Greek patients with Stargardt disease exhibiting mutations in the ABCA4 gene.Methods We retrospectively reviewed the charts of the patients with the clinical diagnosis of Stargardt disease seen at the department of ophthalmology of the University Hospital of Crete. The diagnosis of Stargardt disease was established based on clinical examination (fundoscopic evidence of retinal flecks) and genetic testing. Parameters evaluated included BCVA, age of onset, findings from fundus photographs, but also findings from the ISCEV standard full field ERG.Results Twelve patients were included in our study. Median age was 29 years (range: 11‐59)and BCVA ranged from 2.0 τ[omicron] 0.2 logMAR. Fundoscopic findings included mild, mottled hypopigmentary changes in one patient, a bull’s‐eye‐appearing macular lesion in four patients and an atrophic macular lesion in seven patients. Of the 12 patients , four patients showed normal scotopic and photopic retinal responses while, eight patients showed abnormal photopic and scotopic function.Conclusion This is the first report of the electrophysiologic findings of Greek patients with Stargardt disease. Our cohort exhibited a wide range of Electrophysiologic abnormalities. These results provides useful baseline data for the longitudinal monitoring of disease progression.
Relationship between optical coherence tomography and visual evoked potentials in patients with parasellar tumors without chiasmal compression
Authors: WASIK M , PILECKI W 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the relationship between retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and visual evoked potentials (VEP) in patients with parasellar tumors without chiasmal compression on MRI examination.Methods 32 eyes of 16 patients suffering from tumor of sella turcica without any chiasmal compression were included to the study and compared to 59 eyes of 30 healthy patients. Exclusion criteria were any other ophthalmic or general condition that can affect both VEP and OCT measurements. All patients underwent MRI of the head to confirm the diagnosis, retinal nerve fiber thickness measurements with OCT and visual evoked potentials.Results VEP of patients with parasellar tumors without any chiasmal compression showed no P100 latency prolongation (OD=101,9 ± 6,3ms, OS= 101,2 ± 6,3 ms) in comparison to control group (102,1 ± 4,5ms and 102,5 ± 4,2ms). There was noticed a reduced P100 amplitude in examined patients (OD=10,9 ± 4,8µV, OS=11,6 ± 5,6µV) comparing to healthy subjects (12,3±6,5 µV and 12,1±6,3 µV respectively), however it was not statistically significant (p=0,5 and p=0,8 respectively). Average RNFL thickness in our patients was lower (OD=102,2±8,9µm, OS=101,8 ± 11,5µm) than in control group (104,7 ± 10µm and 104,5 ± 15µm respectively), but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0,8 and p=0,95 respectively).Conclusion In patients with parasellar tumors without any chiasmal compression both visual evoked potentials and RNFL thickness measurements in OCT showed no significant differences in comparison to healthy subjects.
Anti‐VEGF for the treatment of CNV secondary to angiod streaks
Authors: ROUVAS A 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose The purpose of this report is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factors (anti‐VEGF) in eyes with macular choroidal neovascularization ( CNV) secondary to angioid streaks.Methods From the present evidence in the literature it may be concluded that anti‐VEGF therapy with ranibizumab or bevacizumab, based on the strategy to 'according to need' , is beneficial for the treatment of CNV secondary to angioid streaks.Results Visual acuity can be maintained or even improved over a prolonged period of time, even with a low number of injections, at high rates ranging from 85.7 to 100% , especially in the early stages of the disease. Later when more widespread atrophic changes of pigment epithelium have occurred ,especially if they related the foveola, the visual prognosis was not favorable. Although at present there are not definite proofs with safety problems of anti‐VEGF agents in the treatment of CNV secondary to angioid streaks, patients need to be aware of the off‐label nature of the treatment with anti‐VEGF..Conclusion Overall, based on the evidence available, intravitreal treatment with anti‐VEGF seems to be the best choice at present to treat patients with CNV secondary to angioid streaks .
Degeneration of retinal nerve fiber layer in patients with multiple sclerosis. Prospective study with three years follow‐up
Authors: HERRERO LATORRE R , GARCIA MARTIN E , SATUE M , SANCHO MORO E , FERNANDEZ TIRADO J 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To quantify changes over three years in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and to evaluate if treatments are a protector factor of CFNR degeneration.Methods One hundred and eighty‐eight eyes of 94 MS patients were followed‐up during 3 years. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmic examination that included assessment of visual acuity (Snellen chart), colour vision (Ishihara pseudoisochromatic plates), visual field examination, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and visual evoked potentials (VEP). All patients were re‐evaluated in a period of 12, 24 and 36 months in order to quantify the changes in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL).Results Changes were obtained in the RNFL thickness with a 36‐month follow‐up. There were significant decreases (P<0,05 , t test) in the mean, superior, inferior , nasal and temporal RNFL thickness and macular volume provided by OCT, and in P100 latency of VEP. The greater differences were obtained in the superior and inferior RNFL thickness. Differences were not found between treatments, but untreated patients showed higher degeneration during follow‐up in the mean and superior RNFL thickness (p= 0,045 y p=0,024 respectively).Conclusion Progressive axonal loss can be detected in the optic nerve of MS patients. The analysis of RNFL in OCT can be useful to evaluate MS progression and efficacy of treatments in reduction of axonal degeneration.
The discordance between objective signs and giant papillae improvement in patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) participating in a randomized, controlled, clinical trial
Authors: AMRANE M , BREMOND‐GIGNAC D , LEONARDI A , ISMAIL D , BUGGAGE R , DENIAUD M , BAUDOUIN C 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Resolution of papillae is a desirable objective in the management of tarsal VKC. The effect of Vekacia®, an unpreserved cyclosporine cationic emulsion, was evaluated in children with active VKC presenting with giant papillae and keratitis at enrollment.Methods 118 VKC patients were randomized to Vekacia® 0.05%, 0.1%, or vehicle QID. The primary criterion was subjective symptom improvement. Objective signs (giant papillae, conjunctival hyperemia, discharge, chemosis, limbal infiltrates and corneal epithelial disease) were assessed as secondary endpoint.Results At Day 28, patient subjective symptoms improved in all groups without statistically significant difference between groups. Among the objective signs, except for papillae, clinically significant improvements were observed: absence of the sign ranged from 20.5% to 72% in both active groups and from 16.7% to 41.2% for vehicle group, depending of the sign. For papillae, only 4 patients experienced total clearing (2.8%, 2.6% and 6.6% in vehicle, 0.05% and 0.1% CsA groups respectively). Clinically and statistically significant differences in keratitis (CFS mean change) over vehicle were observed at Day 28 in Vekacia® treated patients (0.05%, p=0.003; 0.1% p=0.014).Conclusion Corneal involvement in VKC is a sight‐threatening complication. Improvement in keratitis, a key element in the management of the active VKC was not associated with complete resolution of the papillae. Therefore, among the signs of the disease, papillae appear to be the least helpful sign to follow VKC improvement.
Commercial interest
Novel therapeutic strategies for the induction of tolerance in cornea transplantation
Authors: RITTER T , TREACY M , WILK M , MORCOS M , O'FLYNN L , RYAN A , NOSOV M 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose With more than 60,000 procedures per year, the cornea is the most commonly transplanted solid tissue. However, immunologic rejection is still the leading cause of corneal allograft failure, especially in high‐risk recipients with a history of previous graft rejection, inflammation or neovascularization. Therefore, novel treatment protocols are desirable.Methods The genetic engineering of tissues prior to transplantation is an attractive approach to protect the graft from allogeneic rejection. Here the role of lentivirus mediated overexpression of Programmed Death‐Ligand 1 (PD‐L1) to prevent corneal graft rejection will be discussed. Moreover the injection of regulatory cell populations to modulate immune‐mediated rejection will be discussed in this presentation.Results Overexpression of PD‐L1 in ex‐vivo cultured corneas prior to transplantation significantly prevents corneal allograft rejection by modulating both innate and adaptive intragraft allo‐immune responses. Moreover, injection of regulatory cells is able to prolong corneal allograft survival.Conclusion Local overexpression of immunomodulatory molecules is a promising approach to prevent corneal graft rejection. In addition treatment of transplanted animals with regulatory cells also modulates graft rejection. These novel therapies may have the potential to be further developed towards a clinical application. [Supported by Science Foundation of Ireland (SFI 07/IN.1/B925). TR is supported by a Travel Grant from Millennium Research Funds, National University of Ireland, Galway]
Graft survival and cytokine production profile after limbal transplantation in the experimental mouse model
Authors: LENCOVA A , FILIPEC M , HOLAN V 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the immune response in the experimental model of orthotopic limbal allo‐ and xenotransplantation in the mouse.Methods Allogeneic (C57BL/6 to BALB/c mouse), xenogeneic (Lewis rat to BALB/c mouse) and syngeneic (BALB/c to BALB/c mouse) limbal transplantations were performed. The rejection of limbal graft was scored according to the corneal opacity. The expression of IL‐2, IFN‐gamma, IL‐4, IL‐10 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were detected by Real‐time PCR in the graft. The donor cell survival was determined by Real‐time PCR after transplantation. The recipients were treated with systemic monoclonal antibodies (mAb) anti‐CD4 and anti‐CD8 and with saline in the control group.Results The allografts were rejected in 9.0 ± 1.8 days and xenografts in 6.5 ± 1.1 days after transplantation, syngeneic limbal grafts survived permanently. Distinct pattern of Th1 and Th2 cytokine production and intragraft expression of the iNOS gene were detected during rejection. Limbal grafts were promptly rejected by Th1 (allogeneic group) or by Th2 (xenogeneic group) type of immune response involving CD4+ cells and iNOS expression. The mean survival time of allogeneic and xenogeneic grafts was prolonged by systemic treatment of mAb anti‐CD4. Treatment with mAb anti‐CD8 did not extend the graft survival.Conclusion The experimental model of limbal transplantation is useful for testing various immunosuppressive approaches to treat rejection after transplantation. The anti‐CD4 mAb treatment presents promising immunosuppressive treatment after limbal transplantation.
What are the implications of the Straylight domain for the clinician
Authors: VAN DEN BERG TJTP 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Straylight is an important source of patient complaints. They can be voiced like halos, glare, hazy vision and blinding at night. With visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and slit lamp examination little may be found. Yet increased large angle light scattering in the eye media not detected by common tests, may degrade the image projected on the retina, thus decreasing the quality of vision. Aging changes to the crystalline lens and cataract are the most common causes of increased straylight, but many corneal conditions including laser treatment have been reported to increase straylight as well.Methods In order to evaluate the importance of straylight for clinical decision making, the quantity in which straylight is expressed must attain a meaningful value. Straylight is expressed logarithmically, as the logarithm of the straylight parameter s, which directly relates straylight to the (outer skirt) of the functional point‐spread‐function: s = θ^2 PSF. It was found earlier that expressed this way, the straylight value has functionally about equal importance as logMAR. The functional value of straylight was further corroborated by Aspinal et al., finding that straylight was the better predictor of clinical decisions on cataract surgery, as compared to visual acuity.Results Implications for the clinician include a shift in targeting of patient care. On the basis of straylight elevation treatment can be offered in cases where visual acuity is good. In the case of optical malfunction of the eye, as simple model for functional severity of the condition, the linear average of visual acuity in logMAR and straylight in log(s) is proposed. Data from population study on >5000 eyes show significant retargeting of cataract surgery.Conclusion Straylight retargets patient care.
Commercial interest
Strabismus and amblyopia in Iranian schoolchildren
Authors: OSTADIMOGHADDAM H , HERAVIAN J , YEKTA AA , AZIMI A , KHABAZKHOOB M , MOHAMMADIAN M 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To determine the prevalence of amblyopia and strabismus among the population of school children mashahd, IranMethods In a cross‐sectional study with cluster sampling, 2510 school children were selected from schools of district one in Mashhad. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were recorded for each participant. Amblyopia was distinguished as a reduction of BCVA to 20/30 or less in one eye or 2‐line interocular optotype acuity differences in the absence of pathological causes.Results Of the 2510 selected population, 2150 school children participated (response rate of 85.6%). The prevalence of amblyopia was 1.9% (95% CI: 0.94 ‐ 2.90); 2.1% (95% CI: 0.10 ‐ 3.16) in girls and 1.7% (95% CI: 0.30 ‐ 3.12) in boys (P=0.620). Among myopic, hyperopic and astigmatic students, 3.7%, 27.8% and 6.5% had amblyopia respectively (p<0.001). the causes of amblyopia were 65.9%, 24.4% and 9.8% anisometropia, strabismus and Isoametropic respectively. The prevalence of strabismus was 3.1% (95% CI, 1.3% to 4.3%); 4.2% (95% CI, 3.05 to 5.7%) in girls, and 2.0% (1.3% to 2.9%) in boys(P=0.0011). Strabismus was significantly more prevalent among hyperopic students compared to myopic ones.Conclusion Results of the present study indicate that, the prevalence rate of amblyopia was in the mid range and the prevalence of strabismus was relatively high. Since refractive errors, especially hyperopia, are responsible for some cases of strabismus, a timely diagnosis and treatment can prevent a high percentage of cases with amblyopia and strabismus in children.
Entropion as a complication of the frontalis muscle flap direct advancement
Authors: SATUE M , GARCIA‐MARTIN E , HERRERO LATORRE R , EGEA MC , FUENTES JL , FERNANDEZ FJ 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose The use of the frontalis muscle in a direct attachment is an alternative to the traditional techniques of frontalis muscle flap advancement. This new variant, which is considered the most physiological, shows better functional results, but it may associate entropion as adverse effect.Methods Through a unique incision on the eyelid crease or making another incision on the superciliar area, a flap of frontalis muscle is created and attached to the tarsal plate with a non‐resorbable suture. It is important to attach the flap to the upper third of the tarsal plate for a correct elevation of the eyelid. A lower union otherwise could create long term complications principally residuary progressive entropion, which until now was only seen after traditional techniques of aponeurosis reinsertion of elevator muscle. We present two case reports showing severe ptosis after frontalis muscle flap direct suspension in which a medium third of the tarsal plate union was performed.Results Both patients showed progressive entropion which needed correction through surgery.Conclusion To prevent entropion in the frontalis muscle flap direct advancement, the muscle flap should be attached to the upper third of the tarsal plate, which allows physiological distribution of the tractional force in spite of maintaining the vertical vector, preventing the eyelid margin inversion.