bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal‐Transport Studies on Two‐Dimensional Quantum Spin Liquids
Authors: Yamashita Minoru , Shibauchi Takasada , Matsuda Yuji 
Published: October 2011

AbstractQuantum spin liquids (QSLs) are fluidlike states of quantum spins in which the long‐range ordered state is destroyed by quantum fluctuations. The ground state of QSLs and their exotic phenomena, which have been extensively discussed for decades, have yet to be identified. We employ thermal‐transport measurements on newly discovered QSL candidates κ‐(BEDT‐TTF)2Cu2(CN)3 and EtMe3Sb[Pd(dmit)2]2, and report that the two organic insulators have different QSLs characterized by different elementary excitations. In κ‐(BEDT‐TTF)2Cu2(CN)3, heat transport is thermally activated at low temperatures, and this suggests the presence of a spin gap in this QSL. In stark contrast, in EtMe3Sb[Pd(dmit)2]2, a sizable linear temperature dependence of thermal conductivity is clearly resolved in the zero‐temperature limit, and shows gapless excitation with a long mean free path (ca. 1000 lattice distances). Such a long mean free path demonstrates a novel feature of QSL as a quantum‐condensed state with long‐distance coherence.
The complexification of engineering
Authors: Maldonado Carlos E. , Gómez Cruz Nelson A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis paper deals with the arrow of complexification of engineering. We claim that the complexification of engineering consists in (a) that shift throughout which engineering becomes a science; thus it ceases to be a (mere) praxis or profession; (b) becoming a science, engineering can be considered as one of the sciences of complexity. In reality, the complexification of engineering is the process by which engineering can be studied, achieved, and understood in terms of knowledge, and not of goods and services any longer. Complex engineered systems and bio‐inspired engineering are so far the two expressions of a complex engineering. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2012
Slow stretching that mimics embryonic growth rate stimulates structural and mechanical development of tendon‐like tissue in vitro
Authors: Kalson Nicholas S. , Holmes David F. , Herchenhan Andreas , Lu Yinhui , Starborg Toby , Kadler Karl E. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA distinctive feature of embryonic tendon development is the steady increase in collagen fibril diameter and associated improvement of tissue mechanical properties. A potential mechanical stimulus for these changes is slow stretching of the tendon during limb growth. Testing this hypothesis in vivo is complicated by the presence of other developmental processes including muscle development and innervation. Here we used a cell culture tendon‐like construct to determine if slow stretch can explain the increases in fibril diameter and mechanical properties that are observed in vivo. Non‐stretched constructs had an ultrastructural appearance and mechanical properties similar to those of early embryonic tendon. However, slowly stretching during 4 days in culture increased collagen fibril diameter, fibril packing volume, and mechanical stiffness, and thereby mimicked embryonic development. 3D EM showed cells with improved longitudinal alignment and elongated nuclei, which raises the hypothesis that nuclear deformation could be a novel mechanism during tendon development. Developmental Dynamics 240:2520–2528, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expression of Id2 in the second heart field and cardiac defects in Id2 knock‐out mice
Authors: Jongbloed M.R.M. , Vicente‐Steijn R. , Douglas Y.L. , Wisse L.J. , Mori K. , Yokota Y. , Bartelings M.M. , Schalij M.J. , Mahtab E.A. , Poelmann R.E. , Gittenberger‐De Groot A.C. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe inhibitor of differentiation Id2 is expressed in mesoderm of the second heart field, which contributes myocardial and mesenchymal cells to the primary heart tube. The role of Id2 in cardiac development is insufficiently known. Heart development was studied in sequential developmental stages in Id2 wildtype and knockout mouse embryos. Expression patterns of Id2, MLC‐2a, Nkx2.5, HCN4, and WT‐1 were analyzed. Id2 is expressed in myocardial progenitor cells at the inflow and outflow tract, in the endocardial and epicardial lineage, and in neural crest cells. Id2 knockout embryos show severe cardiac defects including abnormal orientation of systemic and pulmonary drainage, abnormal myocardialization of systemic and pulmonary veins, hypoplasia of the sinoatrial node, large interatrial communications, ventricular septal defects, double outlet right ventricle, and myocardial hypoplasia. Our results indicate a role for Id2 in the second heart field contribution at both the arterial and the venous poles of the heart. Developmental Dynamics 240:2561–2577, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Delirium and refeeding syndrome in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Norris Mark L , Pinhas Leora , Nadeau Pierre‐Olivier , Katzman Debra K 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjective:To review the literature on delirium and refeeding syndrome in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and present case examples in an attempt to identify common clinical features and response to therapy.Method:A comprehensive literature review was completed. In addition to the cases identified in the literature, we present two additional cases of our own.Results:We identified a total of 10 cases (all female; mean age 19 years old, range 12–29 years); 2/3 of the cases had similar clinical features predating the delirium and during refeeding.Discussion:Delirium, albeit rare, can be associated with the refeeding syndrome in low weight patients with AN. During the initial refeeding phase, close monitoring of medical, metabolic, and psychological parameters are important in establishing factors that may elevate risk. Early detection and treatment of delirium using nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic means are also important to help minimize the effects of this potentially deadly condition. © 2011 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2012)
Synthesis, Isolation and Structural Characterisation of Alkoxytitanium Triflate Complexes
Authors: Davidson Matthew G. , Johnson Andrew L. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTreatment of [Ti(OiPr)4] with trimethylsilyl triflate results in the formation of [Ti(OiPr)3(OTf)] (2) in high yield. Subsequent treatment of the triflate derivative 2 with a series of facially coordinating N3‐donor ligands results in the production of a series of charge‐separated metal alkoxide salts of the general formula [{L}Ti(OiPr)3][OTf] {L = tris(pyrazolyl)methane (3a), 1,3,5‐triethyl‐1,3,5‐triazacyclohexane (3b), 1,3,5‐tribenzyl‐1,3,5‐triazacyclohexane (3c), 1,3,5‐tris(p‐fluorobenzyl)‐1,3,5‐triazacyclohexane (3d), and 1,3,5‐tris[(1S)‐1‐phenylethyl]‐1,3,5‐triazacyclohexane (3e)}. The products were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and in the case of 3a–c by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Reaction of 2 with 1,3,5‐triphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazacyclohexane results in the formation of complex 4 [{L′}2Ti(OiPr)2(OTf)2], which contains two 3,4‐dihydroquinazoline ligands (L′), a result of catalytic activation of the triazacyclohexane ligands by [Ti(OiPr)3(OTf)] towards electrophilic aromatic substitution.
Synthesis of Fluorinated and Non‐Fluorinated Bicyclic Amidines through Ring‐Closing Metathesis
Authors: Cuñat Ana C. , Flores Sonia , Oliver Judit , Fustero Santos 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAn efficient method for the synthesis of fluorinated and non‐fluorinated imidazoazepines by a ring‐closing metathesis reaction as the key step is described. The influence of the fluorine atoms on the preparation of these bicyclic systems is also studied.
Lewis Base Assisted Brønsted Base Catalysis: Direct Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Indenes
Authors: Cui Hai‐Lei , Sun Xun‐Hao , Jiang Lin , Dong Lin , Chen Ying‐Chun 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA direct, asymmetric allylic alkylation of indenes withMorita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) carbonates has been developed based on a Lewis base assisted Brønsted base catalysis strategy. This process is promoted by a modified cinchona alkaloid hydroquinidine (anthraquinone‐1,4‐diyl) diether [(DHQD)2AQN] and gives rise to multifunctional chiral indene derivatives with moderate to excellent enantioselectivities (53–95 % ee), albeit in low to modest yields (27–71 %).
Reactivity Control in the Addition of N,N′‐Dialkylated 1,n‐Diamines to Activated Skipped Diynes: Synthesis of Fused Bicyclic 1,4‐Diazepanes and 1,5‐Diazocanes
Authors: López‐Tosco Sara , Tejedor David , González‐Platas Javier , García‐Tellado Fernando 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA metal‐free domino reaction for the synthesis of a new family of fused bicyclic 1,4‐diazepanes and 1,5‐diazocanes has been developed. The reaction involves the use of N,N′‐dialkylated 1,n‐diamines as the nitrogen source, through‐space orbital interactions between the two nitrogen atoms as the reactivity director element, and an activated skipped diyne as the reactive platform. A key Morita–Baylis–Hillman‐like reaction allows the formation of 1,4‐diazepanes and 1,5‐diazocanes (medium‐sized diazoheterocycles). These structures incorporate a 1,n‐diazocycle fused to a γ‐butenolide ring and different functionalities to be used as convenient handles for further complexity generation. The good efficiency of this reaction and its simple experimental protocol make this process an excellent candidate for the fast construction of structure‐focused libraries based on this fused bicyclic motif.
Baseline Correction in Standard Addition Voltammetry by Discrete Wavelet Transform and Splines
Authors: Górski Łukasz , Ciepiela Filip , Jakubowska Małgorzata , Kubiak Władysław W. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA new algorithm for background correction in voltammetry based on Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) conjugated with spline functions is presented. This procedure simplifies selection of the peak position and optimization of the approximation procedure parameters by lowing the resolution of the signal in the process of the wavelet decomposition. Background approximation by splines and its subtraction is performed in the wavelet domain. Likewise the elimination of high frequency components in signals is conducted simultaneously. The reliability of the results obtained in the standard addition method was tested on simulated curves with real background and Pb(II) signals registered in CRM.
A Comparative Study of Cadmium Ion‐Selective Electrodes with Solid and Liquid Inner Contact
Authors: Wardak Cecylia 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA comparative study was performed between three types of cadmium ion selective electrodes: solid contact electrode containing membrane doped with ionic liquid: 1‐alkyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride, solid contact electrode containing membrane doped with traditional lipophilic additive potassium tetrakis (p‐chlorophenyl) borate (KTpClB) and the classical cadmium‐ion selective electrode with internal filling solution. The basic analytical parameters of the studied electrodes, such as the slope characteristic, the detection limit, response time, lifetime, selectivity coefficients against lead, nickel, cobalt, zinc, magnesium, strontium, calcium, potassium and sodium ions as well as the dependence of the electrode potential on pH were determined. The best results were obtained for an electrode with solid contact based on ionic liquid 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride.
Comparison of quantitative performance of three fluorescence labels in CE/LIF analysis of aspartate and glutamate in brain microdialysate
Authors: Wagner Zsolt , Tábi Tamás , Zachar Gergely , Csillag András , Szökő Éva 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThree different fluorescent tags have been compared for the quantitative analysis of aspartate and glutamate in brain microdialysate samples. Separation conditions have been optimized to achieve short analysis time using reversed polarity separation in coated capillary. Method validation has revealed similar quantification limit of 0.1 μM of analytes using either of the labels, although LOD values were different: 7.8–9.8 nM for 4‐fluoro‐7‐nitro‐2,1,3‐benzoxadiazole, 3.5 nM for fluorescein‐5‐isothiocyanate and 1.3–1.5 nM for carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester derivatives. The almost two orders of magnitude difference between LOD and LOQ values is likely due to the unreliable derivatization reaction at low sample concentration. Based on the superior stability, FITC derivatization was used for the analysis of biological samples. The applicability of the method has been demonstrated by analyzing basal and potassium evoked amino acid concentrations in individual brain microdialysate samples.
VGLUT1 is localized in astrocytic processes in several brain regions
Authors: Ormel Lasse , Stensrud Mats Julius , Bergersen Linda Hildegard , Gundersen Vidar 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDuring the last years, the concept of gliotransmission has been established. Glutamate has been shown to be released from astrocytes by different mechanisms, e.g., in an exocytotic manner. The authors have previously shown that astrocytes in the dentate‐molecular layers express vesicular glutamate transporters on synaptic‐like microvesicles (SLMVs). By confocal microscopy, the authors, in this study, show that vesicles by a family of glutamate transporters 1 (VGLUT1) labeling was clearly present within astrocytic processes (diameter > 1 μm) in several brain regions; the dentate‐molecular layers, the stratum radiatum of CA1 hippocampus, the frontal cortex, and the striatum. At the electron microscopic level, immunogold cytochemistry showed the presence of VGLUT1 gold particles over SLMVs in delicate astrocytic processes (cross‐sectional diameter < 500 nm) in all the above‐mentioned brain regions. When measuring the distance from the membrane of SLMVs in astrocytes to the closest VGLUT1 gold particle, it turned out that most gold particles (above 95 %) were located within 25 nm from the membrane, strongly suggesting that VGLUT1 is present in SLMVs in the astrocytes. Finally, electron microscopic immunocytochemistry shows that VGLUT1 labeling was concentrated in astrocytic processes from wild type, and not in VGLUT1 knock out hippocampus. The authors have concluded that astrocytes not only in the dentate‐molecular layers but also in stratum radiatum of CA1 hippocampus, frontal cortex, and the striatum possess SLMVs carrying VGLUT1, suggesting that astrocytes in all these brain regions are capable of vesicular release of glutamate. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and photoluminescent properties of new ceramidine derivatives
Authors: Park Byung Sun , Lee Sang Woo , Kim In Tae , Tae Jin Sung , Lee So Ha 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA series of new ceramidine derivatives 8a–f has been synthesized in 4–5 steps involving a Wittig reaction of ceramidonine with various triphenylphosphonium bromides. Their UV and photoluminescence (PL) properties are reported. The compounds showed medium to strong PL between 502 and 522 nm at a concentration of 1 × 10−5 M CH2Cl2. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 23:66–73, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20753
Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of new 1‐{[4‐(4‐Halogenophenyl)‐4H‐1,2,4‐ triazol‐3‐yl]sulfanyl}acetyl‐4‐substituted thiosemicarbazides and products of their cyclization
Authors: Trotsko Nazar , Król Jakub , Siwek Agata , Wujec Monika , Kosikowska Urszula , Malm Anna 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBy the reaction of hydrazides of 4‐(4‐halogenophenyl)‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐yl‐sulfanyl acetic acid with isothiocyanate, 1‐acyl‐4‐substituted thiosemicarbazide derivatives (7–19) were obtained. The cyclization of compounds (7–19) in the presence of 2% NaOH led to the formation of compounds (20–26) containing two 1,2,4‐triazole rings connected by a methylenesulfanyl group. The new compounds were tested for their in vitro antimicrobial activity. Some of the tested compounds (9, 12, 18, 21, 22) showed activity against the reference strains of Gram‐positive bacteria with the MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) = 125 to >1000 μg/mL. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 23:117–121, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20758
Synthesis of new dibenzo[c.e][1,2]oxaphosphorine 2‐oxide containing diols based on diethanolamine
Authors: Bykov Yana , Wagner Sebastian , Walter Olaf , Döring Manfred , Fischer Oliver , Pospiech Doris , Köppl Thomas , Altstädt Volker 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDifferent approaches were applied to obtain new diol compounds based on dibenzo[c.e][1,2]oxaphosphorine 2‐oxide (DOPO, 1) and diethanolamine (DEolA). Of four processes investigated, a four‐step synthesis of 1 containing propionic acid amide of DEolA proved to be the most efficient one. In addition, the intramolecular amine salt of the DOPO derivative with a ring‐opened structure was obtained by reinvestigation of the reaction of DOPO with DEolA and paraformaldehyde. The Atherton–Todd reaction of 1 and DEolA was investigated as well. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 23:146–153, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20763
Tongue cancers during pregnancy: Case reports and review of literature
Authors: Mhallem Gziri Mina , Han Sileny N. , Van Calsteren Kristel , Heyns Liesbeth , Delaere Pierre , Nuyts Sandra , Van den Heuvel Frank , Cheron Anne–Céline , Fossion Eric , Van den Weyngaert Danielle , Lok Christianne , Amant Frédéric 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundDue to its rarity, there is no standard treatment for tongue cancers that concur with pregnancy. Treatment depends on the stage of cancer, gestational age of the pregnancy, and the wish of the mother to maintain the pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to review the literature and to report 5 new cases.MethodsTwelve cases of tongue cancer during pregnancy were already reported between 1987 and 2009. We report 5 new cases and first administration of concomitant radiochemotherapy for tongue cancer.ResultsMedian age of the patients was 29 years, 65% of diagnoses were made after the first trimester of pregnancy. Different treatment modalities are used to treat tongue cancer during pregnancy.ConclusionWe hypothesize that tongue cancer treatment adhering to standard protocols provides the best guarantee to cure the mother. Based on a growing experience and insight taking fetal safety into consideration, the available data suggest that standard treatment is a realistic option. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Distributed hydrological model transferability across basins with different hydro‐climatic characteristics
Authors: Hunukumbura P.B. , Tachikawa Yasuto , Shiiba Michiharu 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we investigated the transferability of a distributed hydrological model to better realize flood predictions at ungauged basins with different hydro‐climatic characteristics. First, the transferability of a distributed hydrological model's parameters calibrated at the basin outlet in order to make consistent predictions at ungauged internal sub‐basins for a range of floods with different initial conditions is investigated. It is found that the transferred model parameters can be used to make reasonable predictions at ungauged internal sub‐basins for flood events with wet initial conditions. In contrast, the prediction accuracy at internal sub‐basins is found to be low for floods that have initially dry conditions. By incorporating the spatial heterogeneity of the parameters, depending on the topography, we are better able to predict floods with initially dry conditions.Secondly, to investigate the transferability of a distributed hydrological model for basins with different characteristics, the model is applied to three basins: the Illinois basin in the US, the Mae Chaem basin in Thailand and the Upper Kotmale basin in Sri Lanka. After analyzing the accuracy of event‐based flood predictions, we found that the present model gives comparatively accurate predictions at the wet and moderate slope Upper Kotmale basin. However, the prediction accuracy at the dry and moderate slope Mae Chaem basin and at the dry and mild slope Illinois basin is low. It was concluded that the present model structure, which gives reasonable predictions for wet and steep slope basins, can be transferred to wet and moderate slope basins. Adopting a different model structure is necessary to obtain the transferability for dry and mild slope or dry and moderate slope basins. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship between observation intervals and errors in radar rainfall estimation over the Indochina Peninsula
Authors: Yokoi Satoru , Nakayama Yu , Agata Yasushi , Satomura Takehiko , Kuraji Koichiro , Matsumoto Jun 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAlthough several meteorological radars are operated routinely in Southeast Asian countries, their observation frequencies are sometimes only one or two times per hour. To examine the usability of such poorly sampled observation data, this study investigated the relationship between the observation interval and the estimation error of radar rainfall intensity. The data sets analysed were the radar reflectivity data obtained from the Om Koi S‐band radar located in northern Thailand, which operates at approximately 5‐min intervals, and the surface rainfall data of rain gauges installed in the Mae Chaem Watershed, which has a catchment area of 3853 km2. Through the calibration of parameters in a relationship equation between the rainfall intensity and the reflectivity, hourly rainfall intensities were estimated successfully with high accuracy. The reflectivity data with a poor temporal resolution were constructed by resampling the original 5‐min‐interval data. The comparison of hourly rainfall intensities estimated from the resampled data with those from the original data reveals that the root mean square error can be expressed as a function of the observation interval and grid size of the radar rainfall intensity product. We conclude that even 30‐min intervals of reflectivity data are useful for estimating the average hourly rainfall intensity over the Mae Chaem Watershed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.