bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health‐related quality of life in hospital inpatients with pressure ulceration: Assessment using generic health‐related quality of life measures
Authors: Essex Holly N. , Clark Michael , Sims Joyce , Warriner Ann , Cullum Nicky 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to determine the impact of pressure ulceration on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and to undertake a pilot study for a future larger study. The study comprised two parts. First, data from a large UK prospective cohort study were analyzed and the HRQoL of 218 people with pressure ulcers was compared with that of 2,289 people without ulcers using the Short Form‐36 (SF‐36) questionnaire. After adjusting for age, sex, and comorbidities, patients with pressure ulceration had significantly lower scores for both the physical (coefficient=−3.12,p<0.001) and mental (coefficient=−1.50,p=0.04) component summary scores of the SF‐36. Second, a small pilot study was conducted to explore use of other tools. HRQoL was assessed in six patients with and 16 patients without pressure ulcers using the SF‐36, the EQ‐5D and a pain visual analog scale. SF‐36 scores indicated that patients with pressure ulcers had significantly poorer physical functioning (d=22.3,p=0.001), role limitations due to physical problems (d=12.9,p=0.02), and vitality (d=20.6,p=0.04) than those without. EQ‐5D scores were also poorer for patients with pressure ulceration, for both the visual analog scale (d=19.2,p=0.02) and the index (d=0.29,p=0.08). Patients with pressure ulceration had more perceived pain than those without; however, this difference was of borderline significance (d=−23.9,p=0.06). Pressure ulceration therefore has an impact on HRQoL that is measurable and persists after adjusting for potential confounding.
The Aachen Miniaturized Heart‐Lung Machine—First Results in a Small Animal Model
Authors: Schnoering Heike , Arens Jutta , Sachweh Joerg S. , Veerman Melanie , Tolba Rene , Schmitz‐Rode Thomas , Steinseifer Ulrich , Vazquez‐Jimenez Jaime F. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractCongenital heart surgery most often incorporates extracorporeal circulation. Due to foreign surface contact and the administration of foreign blood in many children, inflammatory response and hemolysis are important matters of debate. This is particularly an issue in premature and low birth‐weight newborns. Taking these considerations into account, the Aachen miniaturized heart‐lung machine (MiniHLM) with a total static priming volume of 102 mL (including tubing) was developed and tested in a small animal model. Fourteen female Chinchilla Bastard rabbits were operated on using two different kinds of circuits. In eight animals, a conventional HLM with Dideco Kids oxygenator and Stöckert roller pump (Sorin group, Milan, Italy) was used, and the Aachen MiniHLM was employed in six animals. Outcome parameters were hemolysis and blood gas analysis including lactate. The rabbits were anesthetized, and a standard median sternotomy was performed. The ascending aorta and the right atrium were cannulated. After initiating cardiopulmonary bypass, the aorta was cross‐clamped, and cardiac arrest was induced by blood cardioplegia. Blood samples for hemolysis and blood gas analysis were drawn before, during, and after cardiopulmonary bypass. After 1 h aortic clamp time, all animals were weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass. Blood gas analysis revealed adequate oxygenation and perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass, irrespective of the employed perfusion system. The use of the Aachen MiniHLM resulted in a statistically significant reduced decrease in fibrinogen during cardiopulmonary bypass. A trend revealing a reduced increase in free hemoglobin during bypass in the MiniHLM group could also be observed. This newly developed Aachen MiniHLM with low priming volume, reduced hemolysis, and excellent gas transfer (O2 and CO2) may reduce circuit‐induced complications during heart surgery in neonates.
Managing change
Authors: Norris Jane Marshall , Dikeman Jennifer , Greene Deborah , Hathaway Elaine 
Published: October 2009

BACKGROUND: In the 1980s, the Administrative Section Coordinating Committee (ASCC) published a series of administrative manuals to assist the American Association of Blood Banks (AABB) membership in developing processes for administrative activities conducted in a hospital or blood center. These manuals covered topics such as finance, inventory, information systems, and other areas that provide the infrastructure to support operations. In 2004, the ASCC adopted a plan to create a new set of documents addressing the AABB Quality System Essentials (QSEs) from an administrative viewpoint.In the past 30 years, blood banking has made significant strides in donor and patient safety with the addition of tests for infectious diseases, increased regulations, and the introduction of new technologies, as well as a focus on quality. The demands of managing and documenting all of these important advances and the frequency with which these changes have occurred have challenged our industry.STUDY DESIGN: While many articles and books are available for managing change in general, this article applies several aspects of the QSEs as a practical foundation for managing change in donor centers, hospital blood banks, and transfusion services.CONCLUSION: Utilizing this systematic guide to manage change can not only facilitate the change process but help to guard against unforeseen consequences.
Serially heterotransplanted human prostate tumours as an experimental model
Authors: Lopez‐Barcons Lluis‐A. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract

Introduction
Serially heterotransplanted human tumours in immunosuppressed mice: similarity to the tumour of origin
Conclusions

Preclinical research on prostate cancer (PC) therapies uses several models to represent the human disease accurately. A common model uses patient prostate tumour biopsies to develop a cell line by serially passaging and subsequent implantation, in immunodeficient mice. An alternative model is direct implantation of patient prostate tumour biopsies into immunodeficient mice, followed by serial passage in vivo. The purpose of this review is to compile data from the more than 30 years of human PC serial heterotransplantation research. Serially heterotransplanted tumours are characterized by evaluating the histopathology of the resulting heterotransplants, including cellular differentiation, karyotype, marker expression, hormone sensitivity, cellular proliferation, metastatic potential and stromal and vascular components. These data are compared with the initial patient tumour specimen and, depending on available information, the patient’s clinical outcome was compared with the heterotransplanted tumour. The heterotansplant model is a more accurate preclinical model than older generation serially passaged or genetic models to investigate current and newly developed androgen‐deprivation agents, antitumour compounds, anti‐angiogenic drugs and positron emission tomography radiotracers, as well as new therapeutic regimens for the treatment of PC.
Potent skin sensitizers in oxidative hair dye products on the Swedish market
Authors: Yazar Kerem , Boman Anders , Lidén Carola 
Published: October 2009

Background: In recent years, the alarming increase in contact allergy to hair dyes has drawn much attention. It has been shown that many of the currently allowed hair dye substances are potent skin sensitizers.Objectives: To study the prevalence of hair dye substances, categorized as potent skin sensitizer, in oxidative hair dye products on the Swedish market.Materials and Methods: Ingredient labels of 122 oxidative hair dye products from 20 brands were examined. All ingredients were recorded, and the prevalence of hair dye substances categorized as potent skin sensitizers was assessed.Results: According to ingredient labelling, 120 out of 122 examined oxidative hair dye products contained hair dye substances categorized as potent skin sensitizers. More than 80% of the products contained at least four such substances; 37 hair dye substances categorized as potent skin sensitizers were identified, and 10 of these were more prevalent than p‐phenylenediamine.Conclusions: Hair dye substances categorized as potent skin sensitizers are very common in oxidative hair dye products. A substantial number of potent skin sensitizers are more frequently used than p‐phenylenediamine, while only a few are commercially available as patch test substances.
Morgellons in dermatology
Authors: Harth Wolfgang , Hermes Barbara , Freudenmann Roland W. 
Published: October 2009

SummaryDelusional parasitosis (DP) is the most frequent delusional disorder in dermatology. In DP there is a fixed belief of a usually skin‐related invasion or infestation by a number of alleged infectious species (usually parasites and bacteria), whose identity has varied over the decades. Since 2002 worldwide an increasing number of patients have complained of unverifiable fibers and filaments in or on the skin, associated with numerous nonspecific complaints (arthralgias, altered cognitive function and extreme fatigue). This entity has been named “Morgellons disease” by the patients themselves, although medical evidence for its existence is lacking. As an example, we discuss a 55‐year‐old woman who complained of Morgellons disease and was treated as if she had DP. Currently the delusional assumption of infestation with Morgellons should be considered as a new type of DP with some kind of inanimate material. We therefore recommend in case of DP including Morgellons the use of the broader term “delusional infestation”.
Allergy prevention
Authors: Muche‐Borowski Cathleen , Kopp Matthias , Reese Imke , Sitter Helmut , Werfel Thomas , Schäfer Torsten 
Published: October 2009

SummaryThe further increase of allergies in industrialized countries demands evidence‐based measures of primary prevention. The recommendations as published in the guideline of 2004 were updated and consented on the basis of a systematic literature search. Evidence from the period February 2003–May 2008 was searched in the electronic databases Cochrane and MEDLINE as well as in reference lists of recent reviews and by contacting experts. The retrieved citations were screened for relevance first by title and abstract and in a second step as full paper. Levels of evidence were assigned to each included study and the methodological quality of the studies was assessed as high or low. Finally the revised recommendations were formally consented (nominal group process) by representatives of relevant societies and organizations including a self‐help group.Of originally 4556 hits, 217 studies (4 Cochrane Reviews, 14 meta‐analyses, 19 randomized controlled trials, 135 cohort and 45 case‐control studies) were included and critically appraised. Grossly unchanged remained the recommendations on avoiding environmental tobacco smoke, breast‐feeding over 4 months (alternatively hypoallergenic formulas for children at risk), avoiding a mold‐promoting indoor climate, vaccination according to current recommendations, and avoidance of furry pets (especially cats) in children at risk. The recommendation on reducing the house dust mite allergen exposure as a measure of primary prevention was omitted and the impact of a delayed introduction of supplementary food was reduced. New recommendations were adopted concerning fish consumption (during pregnancy / breast‐feeding and as supplementary food in the first year), avoidance of overweight, and reducing the exposure to indoor and outdoor air pollutants.The revision of this guideline on a profound evidence basis led to (1) a confirmation of existing recommendations, (2) substantial revisions, and (3) new recommendations. Thereby it is possible to give evidence‐based and up‐to‐date recommendations on primary prevention of allergies.
Sudden infant death syndrome during low incidence in Sweden 1997–2005
Authors: Möllborg P , Alm B 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackground:  Following the change from prone to supine in preferred sleeping position, the incidence of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) in Sweden fell from 1.1 per 1000 live births in 1992 to 0.41 in 1995. After a further small decline, we have been experiencing a plateau at around 0.25 since 2000.Aim:  To identify the changes that have occurred in the epidemiology of SIDS since the end of the Nordic Epidemiological SIDS Study in 1995.Methods:  Data from the Medical Birth Register of Sweden, covering the years 1995–2005, were used. Sleeping position is not included in the register.Results:  The incidence of SIDS has remained low in Sweden. Independent risk factors were smoking during early pregnancy, parents not living together, low maternal age, high parity and short gestational age. The odds ratio for smoking has continued to increase and the median age of death has continued to decrease since the previous study. We found no signs of seasonality in the current material.Conclusions:  Age at death continued to decrease. The high incidence during weekends persisted. Seasonality was not significant. There was no evidence of a changing effect from risk factors in the studied period.
The preterm piglet – a model in the study of oesophageal development in preterm neonates
Authors: Rasch S , Sangild PT , Gregersen H , Schmidt M , Omari T , Lau C 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAim:  Preterm infants have difficulty in attaining independent oral feeding. This can ensue from inadequate sucking, swallowing and/or respiration. In impeding bolus transport, immature oesophageal motility may also be a cause. As studies on the development of oesophageal motility are invasive in preterm infants, the preterm piglet was investigated as a potential research model.Methods:  Oesophageal motility (EM) of term (n = 6) and preterm (n = 15) piglets were monitored by manometry for 10 min immediately following bottle feeding on days 1–2 and 3–4 of life.Results:  Piglets’ oral feeding performance and EM were similar to those of their human counterparts. Term piglets readily completed their feeding, whereas their preterm counterparts did not. They also presented with greater peristaltic activity and propagating velocity. Peristaltic activity remained unchanged over time in preterm piglets, but an increase in synchronous and decrease in incomplete motor activity were noted. Preterm piglets that developed symptoms analogous to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) demonstrated uncharacteristic oesophageal activity.Conclusion:  Immature EM may cause oral feeding difficulties. NEC‐like symptoms may adversely affect EM. The piglet is a valid research model for studying human infant oral feeding and oesophageal development.
Neurocognitive and Personality Factors in Homo- and Heterosexual Pedophiles and Controls
Authors: Kruger Tillmann H.C. , Schiffer Boris 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Several neuropsychological studies have suggested an association between pedophilia, neurocognitive disturbances, and specific personality profiles. However, inconsistencies in the findings have not been explained sufficiently, because many studies did not control for possible confounding factors, such as age, education level, or gender orientation.

Aim
Therefore, the present investigation examined neurocognitive performance and personality profiles in pedophiles in dependence of sexual gender preferences and sexual deviance, as well as with regard to age and education level.

Main Outcome Measures
Scores on the different neurocognitive tests, personality questionnaires, and Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV (SCID) interviews.

Methods
An extensive neurocognitive test battery (including a reduced version of the German Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, the Wisconsin card-sorting test, d2 Attention-Deficit Test, and the Corsi block-tapping test) as well as two personality questionnaires (Minnessota Multiphasic Personality Inventory [MMPI-2] and the Multiphasic Sex Inventory [MSI]) were used to examine a consecutive sample of 20 psychiatrically assessed (SCID I and II) pedophile inpatients (nine exclusively attracted to females and 11 to males) from two high security forensic hospitals and 28 healthy controls (14 heterosexual, 14 homosexual).

Results
Compared with controls, pedophiles showed neurocognitive impairments and personality specifics in the majority of tests and questionnaires, such as reduced values on the intelligence scale and weaker performances in information processing, together with high scores for psychopathy and paranoia, and signs of sexual obsessiveness and sexual dysfunction. In contrast to previous reports, some of these alterations were at least partly explained by factors other than pedophilia, such as education level or age.

Conclusion
These alterations may be seen to be in line with the hypothesis of a perturbation of neurodevelopment in early life. These results enhance our knowledge about pedophilia-associated impairment in neurocognitive functioning and personality structure insofar as they allow a more detailed description of, and insight into, modulatory factors.
Are Sexual Problems More Common in Men who have had a Vasectomy? A Population-Based Study of Australian Men
Authors: Smith Anthony , Lyons Anthony , Ferris Jason , Richters Juliet , Pitts Marian , Shelley Julia 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
It is not known whether sexual problems are currently more prevalent among men who have had a vasectomy compared with those who have not had a vasectomy.

Aim
To investigate whether vasectomized men are more likely to report experiencing a range of sexual problems than nonvasectomized men and to assess their overall sexual and relationship satisfaction.

Methods
A population-based survey of 3,390 Australian men’s sexual experiences was conducted using computer-assisted telephone interviewing.

Main Outcome Measures
Proportions of vasectomized and nonvasectomized men who: (i) reported a sexual problem for at least 1 month during the last 12 months; and (ii) rated their sexual and relationship satisfaction as either extremely satisfying or not extremely satisfying.

Results
Vasectomy was reported by 25.1% of men, almost 70% of whom were aged 40–59 years. Vasectomized men were more likely to be married, live in regional areas, and speak English at home. Having a vasectomy was not associated with any specific sexual problem, such as lacking interest in sex or taking too long to reach orgasm. Vasectomized men (10.8%) were slightly more likely than nonvasectomized men (8.2%) to report problems maintaining an erection, but this difference disappeared when age and other socio-demographic variations were taken into account. Although vasectomized men (33.7%) were just as likely as nonvasectomized men (33.0%) to be extremely satisfied sexually, they were significantly more likely to be extremely satisfied with their relationship overall (48.3% vs. 42.9%).

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that sexual problems are no more prevalent among vasectomized men than they are among nonvasectomized men.
EFFECTS OF WHEAT STARCH EDIBLE FILMS ON RANCIDITY AND MOISTURE UPTAKE OF PISTACHIO KERNELS AS A NEW PACKAGE
Authors: JAVANMARD MAJID , AHANGARI ROZHIN , TAVAKOLIPOUR HAMID 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT Wheat starch‐based films were formulated by dispersing 4 g starch in distilled water, and plasticized with Gly and PEG in different levels (Gly = 2 and 3 mL/100 mL and PEG = 0.0, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 mL/100 mL). The emulsion films were evaluated for mechanical properties, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR). Pistachio kernels packed in wheat starch‐based films, as well as unpacked ones, were placed in the experimental apparatus. Unpacked pistachio kernels were maintained as controls. Peroxide value (PV) and moisture uptake of control (unpacked) and packed pistachio kernels were evaluated for 56 days during storage in ambient temperature (25C). Increasing Gly content of films led to slight increase in Elongation (EL). Increasing the PEG ratio further resulted in an increase in EL for all films. No significant difference in WVTR was observed between films made from mixtures of various proportions of Gly with increasing PEG (addition) at all levels of plasticizer. Maximum moisture uptake was found (6.83 ± 0.08%) in unpacked (control) pistachio kernels, but packaging pistachios in wheat starch films led to minimize moisture uptake. Wheat starch bags reduced the rate of oxidation in pistachio kernels. Incorporation of Gly and PEG in wheat starch films had no significant effect on the PV of packed pistachios. These results suggest that wheat starch‐based films are a viable alternative packaging process for pistachio kernels and improvement of shelf life. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe main advantages of using edible films are extending food shelf life, improving food quality, preventing lipid oxidation in nuts and reducing synthetic packaging materials. There has been a renewed interest in edible and biodegradable films application in food packaging. These films have the potential to replace conventional packaging in some applications. Edible films and coatings derived from polysaccharides have been under intense investigation in recent years.
EFFECTIVE CLARIFICATION OF POMEGRANATE JUICE USING LACCASE TREATMENT OPTIMIZED BY RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY FOLLOWED BY ULTRAFILTRATION
Authors: NEIFAR MOHAMED , ELLOUZE‐GHORBEL RAOUDHA , KAMOUN AMEL , BAKLOUTI SEMIA , MOKNI ABIR , JAOUANI ATEF , ELLOUZE‐CHAABOUNI SEMIA 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT Phenolic compounds of pomegranate juice, which are responsible for haze formation and browning during storage, could be selectively removed by combined enzyme‐ultrafiltration process. The pomegranate juice was treated with Fomes fomentarius laccase at various enzyme concentrations (0.5–5 U/mL), temperatures (20–50C) and times (30–300 min). The effect of these enzymatic treatments on total phenol content and clarity of the juice were evaluated using a central composite design. The optimum treatment conditions were: enzyme concentration 5 U/mL; time 300 min; and temperature 20C. Their application led to a 40% reduction of total phenols but induced a threefold decrease of the juice clarity. This drawback was overcome by ultrafiltration of the laccase‐treated juice. The pomegranate juice obtained was clear, stable and characterized by total phenolics = 864 mg/L, clarity (A650 nm × 1,000) = 86 and color (A420 nm × 1,000) = 236 versus 1,681, 127 and 382, respectively, for untreated juice.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe tendency for hazes to develop in pomegranate juices during storage is a persistent problem in the fruit juice industry. In this work, laccase treatment optimized by response surface methodology followed by ultrafiltration was used to clarify the pomegranate juice. The application of the optimum enzymatic treatment conditions (enzyme concentration 5 U/mL; time 300 min; and temperature 20C) followed by ultrafiltration (cutoff value 15 KDa) decreases the total phenolics of about 50% and the antioxidant capacity of about 20% and, increases the clarity of about 30% versus untreated juice.