bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining tree height samples produced by airborne laser scanning and stand management records to estimate plot volume inEucalyptusplantations
Authors: Vauhkonen Jari , MehtÄtalo Lauri , Packalén Petteri 
Published: August 2011

Regular stand structure and availability of precise silvicultural management data produce a special situation regarding remote sensing based assessments of plantation forests. This study tested the use of stand management records to improve single-tree detection in a Eucalyptus plantation. Combined airborne laser scanning (ALS) and planting distance data were used to detect trees and extract their heights. The extracted heights were used as an input for volume estimation using both existing plot-level functions and new tree-level models. The accuracies were evaluated in a test data set of 191 field reference plots in which the diameters of the Eucalyptus urograndis (E. grandis (Hill) Maiden × E. urophylla S.T. Blake) trees varied from 6 to 41 cm and tree heights varied from 12 to 41 m. The constructed mixed-effects model that predicted stem volume from tree height resulted in a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 68 dm3(15%) in a cross validation of the modeling data. The tree detection produced estimates of stem number with low bias (i.e., average difference between measured and estimated) and an RMSE of 6% of the mean, whereas plot-level mean and dominant heights were estimated with RMSEs of 1.5 m (5%) and 2 m (6%), respectively, using ALS data alone. The difference of about 60 cm observed between the ALS-based and field-measured dominant height was most likely caused by the penetration of the laser pulses through the canopy. A system of plot-level models that employed a small sample of calibration field data gave RMSEs of 1 m (3%) and 2.2 m2/ha (9%) for site index and basal area, respectively. The plot volume was estimated with an RMSE of 44 m3/ha (12%) at best. A similar residual variation was observed in the volume estimates of an area-based method applied to the same data set. The combined results suggest the feasibility of the proposed methodology in a plantation inventory using ALS data with a density of only 1.5 pulses/m2.
A NEW DUALITY APPROACH TO ELASTICITY
Authors: CIARLET PHILIPPE G. , GEYMONAT GIUSEPPE , KRASUCKI FRANÇOISE 
Published: August 2011

The displacement-traction problem of three-dimensional linearized elasticity can be posed as three different minimization problems, depending on whether the displacement vector field, or the stress tensor field, or the strain tensor field, is the unknown. The objective of this paper is to put these three different formulations of the same problem in a new perspective, by means of Legendre–Fenchel duality theory. More specifically, we show that both the displacement and strain formulations can be viewed as Legendre–Fenchel dual problems to the stress formulation. We also show that each corresponding Lagrangian has a saddle-point, thus fully justifying this new duality approach to elasticity.
Evidence of a Role for Antizyme and Antizyme Inhibitor as Regulators of Human Cancer
Authors: Olsen Rachelle R. , Zetter Bruce R. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAntizyme and its endogenous antizyme inhibitor have recently emerged as prominent regulators of cell growth, transformation, centrosome duplication, and tumorigenesis. Antizyme was originally isolated as a negative modulator of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), an essential component of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway. Antizyme binds ODC and facilitates proteasomal ODC degradation. Antizyme also facilitates degradation of a set of cell cycle regulatory proteins, including cyclin D1, Smad1, and Aurora A kinase, as well as Mps1, a protein that regulates centrosome duplication. Antizyme has been reported to function as a tumor suppressor and to negatively regulate tumor cell proliferation and transformation. Antizyme inhibitor binds to antizyme and suppresses its known functions, leading to increased polyamine synthesis, increased cell proliferation, and increased transformation and tumorigenesis. Gene array studies show antizyme inhibitor to be amplified in cancers of the ovary, breast, and prostate. In this review, we summarize the current literature on the role of antizyme and antizyme inhibitor in cancer, discuss how the ratio of antizyme to antizyme inhibitor can influence tumor growth, and suggest strategies to target this axis for tumor prevention and treatment. Mol Cancer Res; 9(10); 1285–93. ©2011 AACR.
The Use of a High-Resolution Standardized Precipitation Index for Drought Monitoring and Assessment
Authors: McRoberts D. Brent , Nielsen-Gammon John W. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA high-resolution drought-monitoring tool was developed to assess drought on multiple time scales using the standardized precipitation index (SPI). Daily precipitation data at 4-km resolution are obtained from the Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service multisensor precipitation estimates (MPE) and are aggregated on several time scales. Daily station precipitation data available from the Cooperative Observer Program (COOP) provide the historical context for the MPE precipitation data. Pearson type-III distribution parameters were interpolated to the 4-km grid on the basis of a regional frequency analysis of the COOP stations and L-moment ratios of the precipitation data. The resulting high-resolution SPI data can be used as guidance for the U.S. Drought Monitor at the subcounty scale in areas where local precipitation is the primary driver of drought. The temporal flexibility and spatial resolution of the drought-monitoring tool are used to illustrate the onset, intensity, and termination of the 2008–09 Texas drought, and the tool is shown to provide better county- and subcounty-scale information than do gauge-based products.
Differences between More Divergent and More Rotational Types of Convectively Coupled Equatorial Waves. Part II: Composite Analysis based on Space–Time Filtering
Authors: Yasunaga Kazuaki , Mapes Brian 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
This paper describes an analysis of multiyear satellite datasets to characterize the modulations of convective versus stratiform rain, rain system size, and column water vapor by convectively coupled equatorial waves. Composites are built around space–time filtered equatorial-belt data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B42 rainfall product, while TRMM Precipitation Radar (PR) and passive microwave data are the composited variables. The results are consistent with the more reanalysis-dependent findings in Part I, indicating that higher-frequency (or more divergent) waves, such as Kelvin and inertia–gravity families, modulate mesoscale convective systems and stratiform rain relatively more, whereas slower (or more rotational) types such as Rossby, mixed Rossby–gravity, and tropical depression (TD) or “easterly” waves primarily modulate convective rain and smaller-sized precipitation systems.
Column water vapor composites indicate that the more rotational wave types modulate the moisture field more pronouncedly than do the divergent waves, leading the authors to speculate that the slow/rotational versus fast/wavelike distinction in precipitation characteristics may correspond to the different balances of two main convective coupling mechanisms: moisture control of cumulus cells versus convective inhibition control (via low-level density waves) of mesoscale convective systems.
The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is unique in that it exhibits prominent modulation of both stratiform precipitation (like the fast divergent waves) and small-sized precipitation features, convective rainfall, and moisture (like the other low-frequency, rotational waves). A composite of other waves’ amplitudes as a function of MJO amplitude and phase shows that divergent waves are more active in the developing phase and rotational waves are more active in the decaying rather than developing phase of the MJO.
Estimating the Orientation and Spacing of Midlatitude Linear Convective Boundary Layer Features: Cloud Streets
Authors: Melfi S. H. , Palm Stephen P. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Linear features in a clear convective boundary layer (CBL) over the North Atlantic Ocean were studied during a weak cold air outbreak using a down-looking airborne lidar. Sequential lidar profiles were placed together and color coded to provide images of aerosol and molecular scattering from below the aircraft to the ocean surface, over a 36-km segment of a flight track approximately 150 km off the coast of southern Virginia. The aircraft flew on a path approximately perpendicular to the expected orientation of cloud streets if they had formed. The lidar image clearly shows randomly sized convective cells in the CBL, grouping under the crests of a gravity wave in the stable troposphere. It is suggested that the wave develops as energetic convective cells in the CBL penetrate into the stable layer aloft and act as obstructions to the relative flow. An analytic study, published in 1965, demonstrates that vertical disturbances on the top of the CBL adjust to be in resonance with a horizontal gravity wave in the free troposphere. The results of the study along with an interpretation of the lidar images have led to the development of a simple conceptual model that is used to estimate the spacing and orientation of long linear convective features in the midlatitude CBL. In addition, the conceptual model can explain the change in cloud street patterns with increasing fetch, seen in satellite images. Comparisons with observations from this study and five other midlatitude field programs show good agreement. A suggestion for future research is presented.
The Independent Variable Interpolation Technique for Nonuniformly Sampled Shallow-Angle Lidar Data
Authors: Belmont M. R. , Ashwin P. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Shallow-angle lidar offers an attractive approach to acquiring spatial profiles of sea waves, which are of value in both oceanographic research and practical engineering applications, such as in the control of wave energy capture devices and for a variety of vessel operations. However, the wave elevation values produced by shallow-angle lidar are inevitably nonuniformly distributed in space and, given that most processing algorithms require uniformly sampled data, an equivalent set of uniformly distributed data must be derived from the lidar measurements. A new class of algorithm is introduced to achieve this goal and applied to experimental shallow-angle lidar data. Compared to traditional methods the new approach has advantages in terms of both computational cost and the degree of nonuniformity that can be accommodated.
Police perceptions of their encounters with individuals experiencing mental illness: A Victorian survey
Authors: Godfredson Joel W , Thomas Stuart DM , Ogloff James RP , Luebbers Stefan 
Published: August 2011

Objectives: Police have long played a central role in the management of people experiencing mental illness. This study explored: (1) the frequency of contact between the police and people experiencing mental illness; (2) the way in which police officers’ knowledge and the sources of information used relates to various dispositions; (3) the signs, symptoms and behaviours that police officers consider are associated with mental illness; and (4) the challenges police face in this respect when performing their duties. Method: A survey was completed by 3,534 police officers in Victoria, Australia. Canonical correlations were used to explore the ‘approach styles’ of police when responding to people with a mental illness. Thematic analyses, based on grounded theory, were utilized to examine and code open-ended responses. Results/conclusions: Police reported that a considerable amount of their time each week was spent dealing with people they believed to be mentally ill. These encounters were reportedly associated with considerable practical difficulties for police, both in terms of knowing how to deal with people experiencing mental illness and how to best find appropriate supports for them. The most common results of their encounters were instigating a mental health apprehension, followed by arrest, but decision-making was influenced by the differential weight police placed on different sources of information received at the scene. Recommendations for police training, while based on practical wisdom, need to be multi-modal and should engage mental health experts in design and delivery.
A disability prevention programme for community-dwelling frail older persons
Authors: Daniels Ramon , van Rossum Erik , Metzelthin Silke , Sipers Walther , Habets Herbert , Hobma Sjoerd , van den Heuvel Wim , de Witte Luc 
Published: August 2011

This series of articles for rehabilitation in practice aims to cover a knowledge element of the rehabilitation medicine curriculum. Nevertheless they are intended to be of interest to a multidisciplinary audience. The competency addressed in this article is ‘The trainee consistent demonstrates a knowledge of how evidence based methods and strategies can be incorporated in an integral and multidisciplinary programme for community-dwelling frail elderly.’ Abstract Objective: To describe and justify a primary care interdisciplinary programme for community-dwelling frail older people aimed to prevent disability. Background: Disability is a negative outcome of frailty among older persons. Policy reports and research studies emphasize the need for programmes to reduce disability progression. Between 2008 and 2010 we developed such a programme. Development: Following the Intervention Mapping protocol, a research team and a multidisciplinary professional developed the programme. Literature reviews and an expert meeting led to identification of basic elements, theory-based methods and practical tools. The programme: The general practitioner and the practice nurse comprise the core team that can be extended by other professionals such as occupational and physical therapist. The programme includes six steps: (1) screening, (2) assessment, (3) analysis and preliminary action plan, (4) agreement on an action plan, (5) execution of the action plan (toolbox parts) and (6) evaluation and follow-up. The main features are: identifying risks for developing disability and targeting risk factors using professional standards and the 5A Behavioural Change Model to support self management, and identifying problems in performing activities and enhancing meaningful activities based on the Model of Human Occupation. Screening, individual assessment, tailor-made and client-centred care, self-management support, case management and interdisciplinary cooperation are important principles in delivering the programme. Discussion: The disability-prevention programme seems promising for addressing the needs of frail older people for independent living and for targeting risk factors. Its feasibility and effects are currently being tested in a randomized controlled trial.
Pelvic floor muscle exercises utilizing trunk stabilization for treating postpartum urinary incontinence: randomized controlled pilot trial of supervised versus unsupervised training
Authors: Kim Eun-Young , Kim Suhn-Yeop , Oh Duck-Won 
Published: August 2011

Objective: To investigate the effect of supervised and unsupervised pelvic floor muscle exercises utilizing trunk stabilization for treating postpartum urinary incontinence and to compare the outcomes. Design: Randomized, single-blind controlled study. Setting: Outpatient rehabilitation hospital. Subjects: Eighteen subjects with postpartum urinary incontinence. Interventions: Subjects were randomized to either a supervised training group with verbal instruction from a physiotherapist, or an unsupervised training group after undergoing a supervised demonstration session. Main measures: Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptom questionnaire (urinary symptoms and quality of life) and vaginal function test (maximal vaginal squeeze pressure and holding time) using a perineometer. Results: The change values for urinary symptoms (−27.22 ± 6.20 versus −18.22 ± 5.49), quality of life (−5.33 ± 2.96 versus −1.78 ± 3.93), total score (−32.56 ± 8.17 versus −20.00 ± 6.67), maximal vaginal squeeze pressure (18.96 ± 9.08 versus 2.67 ± 3.64 mmHg), and holding time (11.32 ± 3.17 versus 5.72 ± 2.29 seconds) were more improved in the supervised group than in the unsupervised group ( P < 0.05). In the supervised group, significant differences were found for all variables between pre- and post-test values ( P < 0.01), whereas the unsupervised group showed significant differences for urinary symptom score, total score and holding time between the pre- and post-test results ( P < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings suggest that exercising the pelvic floor muscles by utilizing trunk stabilization under physiotherapist supervision may be beneficial for the management of postpartum urinary incontinence.
Natural history of transient myeloproliferative disorder clinically diagnosed in Down syndrome neonates: a report from the Children's Oncology Group Study A2971
Authors: Gamis Alan S. , Alonzo Todd A. , Gerbing Robert B. , Hilden Joanne M. , Sorrell April D. , Sharma Mukta , Loew Thomas W. , Arceci Robert J. , Barnard Dorothy , Doyle John , Massey Gita , Perentesis John , Ravindranath Yaddanapudi , Taub Jeffrey , Smith Franklin O. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractTransient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD), restricted to newborns with trisomy 21, is a megakaryocytic leukemia that although lethal in some is distinguished by its spontaneous resolution. Later development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) occurs in some. Prospective enrollment (n = 135) elucidated the natural history in Down syndrome (DS) patients diagnosed with TMD via the use of uniform monitoring and intervention guidelines. Prevalent at diagnosis were leukocytosis, peripheral blast exceeding marrow blast percentage, and hepatomegaly. Among those with life-threatening symptoms, most (n = 29/38; 76%) received intervention therapy until symptoms abated and then were monitored similarly. Organomegaly with cardiopulmonary compromise most frequently led to intervention (43%). Death occurred in 21% but only 10% were attributable to TMD (intervention vs observation patients: 13/14 vs 1/15 because of TMD). Among those solely observed, peripheral blasts and all other TMD symptoms cleared at a median of 36 and 49 days from diagnosis, respectively. On the basis of the diagnostic clinical findings of hepatomegaly with or without life-threatening symptoms, 3 groups were identified with differing survival: low risk with neither finding (38%), intermediate risk with hepatomegaly alone (40%), and high risk with both (21%; overall survival: 92% ± 8%, 77% ± 12%, and 51% ± 19%, respectively; P ≤ .001). Among all, AML subsequently occurred in 16% at a median of 441 days (range, 118-1085 days). The trial is registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00003593.
A blood flow–dependent klf2a-NO signaling cascade is required for stabilization of hematopoietic stem cell programming in zebrafish embryos
Authors: Wang Lu , Zhang Panpan , Wei Yonglong , Gao Ya , Patient Roger , Liu Feng 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Blood flow has long been thought to be important for vessel development and function, but its role in HSC development is not yet fully understood. Here, we take advantage of zebrafish embryos with circulation defects that retain relatively normal early development to illustrate the combinatorial roles of genetic and hemodynamic forces in HSC development. We show that blood flow is not required for initiation of HSC gene expression, but instead is indispensable for its maintenance. Knockdown of klf2a mimics the silent heart (sih/tnnt2a) phenotype while overexpression of klf2a in tnnt2a morphant embryos can rescue HSC defects, suggesting that klf2a is a downstream mediator of blood flow. Furthermore, the expression of NO synthase (nos) was reduced in klf2a knockdown embryos, and ChIP analysis showed that endogenous Klf2a is bound to the promoters of nos genes in vivo, indicating direct gene regulation. Finally, administration of the NO agonist S-nitroso N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) can restore HSC development in tnnt2a and klf2a morphants, suggesting that NO signaling is downstream of Klf2a which is induced by hemodynamic forces. Taken together, we have demonstrated that blood flow is essential for HSC development and is mediated by a klf2a-NO signaling cascade in zebrafish.
Bortezomib plus dexamethasone versus reduced-dose bortezomib, thalidomide plus dexamethasone as induction treatment before autologous stem cell transplantation in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: Moreau Philippe , Avet-Loiseau Herve , Facon Thierry , Attal Michel , Tiab Mourad , Hulin Cyrille , Doyen Chantal , Garderet Laurent , Randriamalala Edouard , Araujo Carla , Lepeu Gérard , Marit Gerald , Caillot Denis , Escoffre Martine , Lioure Bruno , Benboubker Lotfi , Pégourié Brigitte , Kolb Brigitte , Stoppa Anne Marie , Fuzibet Jean-Gabriel , Decaux Olivier , Dib Mamoun , Berthou Christian , Chaleteix Carine , Sebban Catherine , Traullé Catherine , Fontan Jean , Wetterwald Marc , Lenain Pascal , Mathiot Claire , Harousseau Jean-Luc 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe Intergroupe Francophone du Myelome conducted a randomized trial to compare bortezomib-dexamethasone (VD) as induction before high-dose therapy (HDT) and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) to a combination consisting of reduced doses of bortezomib and thalidomide plus dexamethasone (vtD) in patients with multiple myeloma. Overall, a total of 199 patients were centrally randomly assigned to receive VD or vtD. After 4 cycles, the complete response (CR) rate was the same in both groups (13% in the vtD arm, 12% in the VD arm, P = .74). However, the CR plus very good partial response (VGPR) rate was significantly higher in the vtD arm (49% vs 36%, P = .05). After ASCT, the CR plus VGPR rate was significantly higher in the vtD arm (74% vs 58%, P = .02). The reduced doses of bortezomib and thalidomide translated into a reduced incidence of peripheral neuropathy (PN): grade ≥ 2 PN were reported in 34% in the VD arm versus 14% in the vtD arm (P = .001). vtD, including reduced doses of bortezomib and thalidomide, yields higher VGPR rates compared with VD and can be considered a new effective triplet combination before HDT/ASCT. This study was registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00910897 and EudraCT as #2007-005204-40.