bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling and Predicting the Deformed Geometry of Thick-Walled Pipes Subjected to Induction Bending
Authors: Collie G J , Higgins R J , Black I 
Published: September 2010

Induction bending offers a rapid, cost-effective method of producing complex convoluted pipework. The resultant bends, however, typically show unwanted geometric deformations which include wall thinning at the extrados, wall thickening at the intrados, awkward transitions on going from tangent to bend, and wrinkling at the intrados surface. All forms of geometric deformation are worse depending on the tightness of the bend and the thickness of the original pipe. Predicting the final geometry of the bend is a non-trivial problem. This article first considers the use of simple analytical models to predict the final deformed geometry of induction bends in thick-walled pipe. It then goes on to compare the predicted geometry obtained from those analytical models with the outputs from empirically derived charts and computational models. The article concludes that empirically derived charts do not offer accurate predictions of wall thinning, are not currently available for intrados wall thickening, and cannot, with confidence, be extrapolated to produce accurate results for very tight bends. Numerical models are developed which predict wall thickening and thinning for any combination of outside diameter/wall thickness/bend radius combination; however, it is concluded that their limited accuracy makes their use questionable. Elastic—plastic FEA is developed which is shown to provide the most consistently accurate means of predicting both wall thickening and wall thinning, and, while not providing a comprehensive prediction of the post-bend geometry did, nevertheless, to go some way towards predicting the overall deformed geometry including transition ramps and intrados surface wrinkling.
Changes in the Incidence of Lower Extremity Amputations in Individuals With and Without Diabetes in England Between 2004 and 2008
Authors: Vamos Eszter P. , Bottle Alex , Edmonds Michael E. , Valabhji Jonathan , Majeed Azeem , Millett Christopher 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVE
To describe recent trends in the incidence of nontraumatic amputations among individuals with and without diabetes and estimate the relative risk of amputations among individuals with diabetes in England.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We identified all patients aged &gt;16 years who underwent any nontraumatic amputation in England between 2004 and 2008 using national hospital activity data from all National Health Service hospitals. Age- and sex-specific incidence rates were calculated using the total diabetes population in England every year. To test for time trend, we fitted Poisson regression models.

RESULTS
The absolute number of diabetes-related amputations increased by 14.7%, and the incidence decreased by 9.1%, from 27.5 to 25.0 per 10,000 people with diabetes, during the study period (P &gt; 0.2 for both). The incidence of minor and major amputations did not significantly change (15.7–14.9 and 11.8–10.2 per 10,000 people with diabetes; P = 0.66 and P = 0.29, respectively). Poisson regression analysis showed no statistically significant change in diabetes-related amputation incidence over time (0.98 decrease per year [95% CI 0.93–1.02]; P = 0.12). Nondiabetes-related amputation incidence decreased from 13.6 to 11.9 per 100,000 people without diabetes (0.97 decrease by year [0.93–1.00]; P = 0.059). The relative risk of an individual with diabetes undergoing a lower extremity amputation was 20.3 in 2004 and 21.2 in 2008, compared with that of individuals without diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS
This national study suggests that the overall population burden of amputations increased in people with diabetes at a time when the number and incidence of amputations decreased in the aging nondiabetic population.
The Market Demand for University Press Books
Authors: Greco Albert N. , Wharton Robert M. 
Published: September 2010

This article analyzes important US university press net publishers' revenue and net publishers' unit datasets and e-book revenues for 2008–9. Data for net publishers' revenues, net publishers' units, and digital e-book revenues for higher education textbooks, professional and scholarly books, and consumer e-books were also evaluated covering the years 2008–9. Drawing on important economic data projections and the publicly available competitive print and digital strategies crafted by competitors in the consumer, higher education, and professional and scholarly sectors, the authors develop net publishers' revenue and unit projections for all of these book categories for 2010–15. The university press data sets reveal unsettling declines in revenues and units for 2008–2015. Addressing these declines, the authors conclude with a brief series of recommendations, including the rapid adoption of a digital ‘e-book’ business model in order to reposition the presses in what is becoming a digital book marketplace.
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in Camellia nitidissima Chi (Theaceae)
Authors: Wei Ji‐Qing , Chen Zong‐You , Wang Zheng‐Feng , Tang Hui , Jiang Yun‐Sheng , Wei Xiao , Li Xiao‐Yi , Qi Xiao‐Xue 
Published: September 2010

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were developed in Camellia nitidissima for further population genetic studies.• Methods and Results: Eight microsatellite markers were newly developed from C. nitidissima and 7 were transferred from other Camellia species. Two to 13 alleles per locus were identified for these microsatellites. Observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.040 to 0.909, and 0.184 to 0.916, respectively. Four loci showed a significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and five locus pairs displayed linkage disequilibrium.• Conclusions: These microsatellite markers will be useful to assess the genetic variation and genetic structure of C. nitidissima.
Characterization and multiplexing of EST‐SSR primers in Cynodon (Poaceae) species1
Authors: Jewell Margaret C. , Frere Celine H. , Prentis Peter J. , Lambrides Christopher J. , Godwin Ian D. 
Published: September 2010

• Premise of the study: Cynodon species are multiple‐use grasses that display varying levels of adaptation to biotic and abiotic stress. Previously identified EST‐SSR primers were characterized and multiplexed to assess the level of genetic diversity present within a collection of almost 1200 Cynodon accessions from across Australia.• Methods and Results: Two multiplex reactions were developed comprising a total of 16 EST‐SSR markers. All SSR markers amplified across different Cynodon species and different levels of ploidy. The number of alleles ranged from one to eight per locus and the total number of alleles for the germplasm collection was 79.• Conclusions: The 16 markers show sufficient variation for the characterization of Cynodon core collections and analysis of population genetic diversity in Cynodon grasses.
IL-1RL2 and Its Ligands Contribute to the Cytokine Network in Psoriasis
Authors: Blumberg Hal , Dinh Huyen , Dean Charles , Trueblood Esther S. , Bailey Keith , Shows Donna , Bhagavathula Narasimharao , Aslam Muhammad Nadeem , Varani James , Towne Jennifer E. , Sims John E. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Psoriasis is a common immune-mediated disease in European populations; it is characterized by inflammation and altered epidermal differentiation leading to redness and scaling. T cells are thought to be the main driver, but there is also evidence for an epidermal contribution. In this article, we show that treatment of mouse skin overexpressing the IL-1 family member, IL-1F6, with phorbol ester leads to an inflammatory condition with macroscopic and histological similarities to human psoriasis. Inflammatory cytokines thought to be important in psoriasis, such as TNF-α, IL-17A, and IL-23, are upregulated in the mouse skin. These cytokines are induced by and can induce IL-1F6 and related IL-1 family cytokines. Inhibition of TNF or IL-23 inhibits the increased epidermal thickness, inflammation, and cytokine production. Blockade of IL-1F6 receptor also resolves the inflammatory changes in human psoriatic lesional skin transplanted onto immunodeficient mice. These data suggest a role for IL-1F family members in psoriasis.
Lytic Granule Polarization, Rather than Degranulation, Is the Preferred Target of Inhibitory Receptors in NK Cells
Authors: Das Asmita , Long Eric O. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Natural cytotoxicity is achieved by polarized release of perforin and granzymes at the NK cell–target cell immunological synapse. Signals for granule polarization and degranulation can be uncoupled in NK cells, which raises the question of their respective sensitivity to inhibitory receptors. Expression of either HLA-C or HLA-E on the human cell line 721.221 blocked granule polarization, degranulation, and CD16-dependent MIP-1α secretion by NK cell clones that expressed inhibitory receptors of matching HLA specificity. To test inhibition of signals for polarization and degranulation separately, Drosophila S2 cells expressing ICAM-1 with either HLA-C or HLA-E were used. CD16-dependent degranulation and MIP-1α secretion were not fully inhibited, suggesting that other receptor–ligand interactions, which occur with 721.221 cells, contribute to inhibition. In contrast, HLA-C or HLA-E on S2 cells coexpressing ICAM-1 or ULBP1 were sufficient to block granule polarization induced by either LFA-1 or NKG2D, even during concomitant CD16-dependent degranulation. Similarly, expression of a ligand for NKR-P1A on S2 cells inhibited granule polarization but not CD16-induced degranulation. Therefore, granule polarization, rather than degranulation, is the preferred target of inhibitory receptors in NK cells.
GATA2 and Sp1 Positively Regulate the c-kit Promoter in Mast Cells
Authors: Maeda Keiko , Nishiyama Chiharu , Ogawa Hideoki , Okumura Ko 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The c-kit gene is expressed in hematopoietic stem cells and lineage progenitor cells but is downregulated during cell development in most lineages, except for mast cells. In mast cells, high expression of c-kit is maintained during development, and c-Kit signaling is essential for mast cell development. To analyze the mechanisms by which c-kit gene expression are regulated in mast cells, we examined mast cell type-specific regulation of the c-kit promoter region. We observed that a GC-box in the c-kit promoter was critical for transcriptional activity and was bound to the transcription factor Sp1 as assessed using reporter assay and electrophoretic mobility assay. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and coexpression analyses showed that the transcription factor GATA2, which was recruited to the c-kit promoter in a mast cell-specific manner, in addition to Sp1, transactivated the c-kit promoter via the GC-box. Electrophoretic mobility assay and rechromatin immunoprecipitation assay indicated that GATA2 binds to the GC-box by forming a complex with Sp1. Introduction of Sp1 small interfering RNA significantly reduced the amount not only of Sp1 but also of GATA2 binding to the c-kit promoter in mast cells, resulting in suppression of c-kit transcription. Knockdown of GATA2 suppressed the recruitment of GATA2 toward the c-kit promoter, subsequently suppressing cell surface expression of c-Kit. These findings indicate that GATA2 and Sp1 play crucial roles in expression of the c-kit gene in mast cells.
Innate Immune Proteins C1q and Mannan-Binding Lectin Enhance Clearance of Atherogenic Lipoproteins by Human Monocytes and Macrophages
Authors: Fraser Deborah A. , Tenner Andrea J. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that is characterized by the accumulation of modified lipoproteins in the arterial intima. C1q and mannan-binding lectin (MBL) are not only recognition components involved in activation of inflammation via the complement cascade, but they are also able to directly modulate phagocyte activation. Studies in C1q−/− and MBL−/− mice suggest that these molecules play a protective role in the early atherosclerotic lesion in the absence of, or prior to, expression of other complement components. However, in later stages, complement activation becomes an inappropriate inflammatory response, contributing to disease pathology. Therefore, to investigate possible molecular interactions of C1q and MBL in atherosclerotic lesions, we examined the influence of C1q and MBL in the clearance of native and modified lipoproteins by human monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. Both C1q and MBL are shown to bind and enhance the monocyte/monocyte-derived macrophage clearance of modified forms of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), including oxidized LDL and acetylated LDL, but not native LDL. Modified forms of LDL activate the classical complement pathway, but no lectin pathway activation was detected. Interestingly, monocytes that ingested modified LDL in the presence of C1q or MBL upregulated surface CD80 and CD31, as well as CCL2 chemokine gene expression. However, C1q and MBL also significantly reduced levels of free cholesterol accumulation in monocytes and human monocyte-derived macrophages that ingested oxidized LDL, while enhancing high-density lipoprotein–specific cholesterol efflux from these cells. These results suggest a novel pathway in which C1q and MBL influence removal and metabolism of atherogenic forms of LDL in the early stages of atherosclerosis.
The Effect of Melt Treatment on Glass Forming Ability and Thermal Stability of Al‐Based Amorphous Alloy
Authors: Mu Juan , Fu Huameng , Zhu Zhengwang , Wang Aimin , Li Hong , Hu Zhuangqi , Zhang Haifeng 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMelt treatment is widely used to mediate the structure of materials. Recently, it is evidenced to be a new way to improve the glass forming ability (GFA) and thermal stability of the amorphous alloys. Bulk metallic glass was obtained through this process in the Al–Ni–La alloy system. In this work, the mechanism of melt treatment on the GFA and thermal stability of the Al–Ni–La alloy was studied. A Ni‐rich metastable high‐melting‐temperature‐phase is found to occur to this alloy system. The elimination of the Ni‐rich phase through the melt treatment is attributed to stabilize the thermal stability of the melt and, accordingly, enhances the GFA and thermal stability of the amorphous alloy.
Summary of “proposed national strategies for the prevention of leading work‐related diseases and injuries, Part 1”
Authors: Millar J. Donald 
Published: September 2010

AbstractStrategies for the prevention of leading occupational health problems have been proposed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). NIOSH prepared these strategies following publication in 1983 of its suggested list of ten leading work‐related diseases and injuries. At a national symposium in 1985, occupational health experts from academia, organized labor, management, professional associations, and voluntary organizations conducted an in‐depth evaluation of the prevention strategies for the first five conditions on the list: occupational lung diseases, musculoskeletal injuries, occupational cancers, severe occupational traumatic injuries, and occupational cardiovascular diseases. The strategies were then revised to incorporate improvements suggested at the symposium and were published in booklet form. A summary of the revised strategies is provided.
Effects of informing workers of their health risks from exposure to toxic materials
Authors: Houts Peter S. , Mcdougall Vernon 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis study compared the mental health, attitudes, and smoking behaviors of 133 workers who had been informed of health risks from exposure to toxic materials on the job with 137 workers who worked in similar conditions but who had not been told that their health was at risk because of exposure to toxic materials. The informed workers reported more health problems than controls, but there were no significant differences between the informed and uninformed groups in mental health, attitudes toward health hazards in or outside of the workplace, or in smoking rates. Ninety percent of all respondents felt that exposed workers definitely should be told of their health risks. These findings indicate little psychological risk from informing workers about their risks because of exposure to toxic substances and a strong desire on the part of workers to be informed.
Central facial palsy revisited: A clinical‐radiological study
Authors: Cattaneo Luigi , Saccani Elena , De Giampaulis Piero , Crisi Girolamo , Pavesi Giovanni 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe investigated the pattern of volitional facial motor deficits in acute stroke patients. We assessed the strength of single facial movements and correlated it to the site of infarct classified on computed tomography scans. Exclusion criteria were previous stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, and subcortical stroke. Results showed that weakness in eyelid closure was associated with anterior cerebral artery (ACA) stroke. Weakness in lip opening was associated with middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke. We suggest that sparing of upper facial movements in MCA stroke is due to the presence of an upper face motor representation in both the MCA and ACA territories. ANN NEUROL 2010;68:404–408
General axial shapes of sodium clusters
Authors: Frauendorf S. , Pashkevich V. V. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe shell correction method is applied to calculate the shapes and binding energies of Na clusters. The axial equilibrium shapes are calculated by minimizing five deformation parameters simultaneously. Strong deviations from spheroidal shapes including reflection asymmetric ones are found. The influence of cluster deformation on the separation energies and ionization potentials and on the splitting of the photo ‐ resonance are compared with the available experimental data. The N‐dependence of the cluster shape and its relation to the N‐ and Z‐dependences of the nuclear shape is discussed.
Thermodynamic properties of CeCu6‐xAux: Fermi‐liquid vs. non‐Fermi‐liquid behaviour
Authors: Finsterbusch D. , Willig H. , Wolf B. , Bruls G. , Lüthi B. , Waffenschmidt M. , Stockert O. , Schröder A. , Löhneysen H. V. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe report on a detailed comparison of the thermodynamic properties of the heavy‐fermion system CeCu6 which can be described as a Fermi liquid at low temperatures T < 0.1 K, and CeCu5.9Au0.1 where strong deviations from the Fermi‐liquid behaviour were found previously in the T dependence of the specific heat C, magnetization M and electrical resistivity p. The specific heat, magnetization and elastic constants are investigated in a large range of magnetic fields, corroborating the idea that the non‐Fermi‐liquid behaviour arises from low‐lying spin excitations. For the elastic constants, a striking linear T dependence is found for CeCu5.9Au0.1 in contrast to the T2 Fermi‐liquid behaviour of CeCu6.
Structure and dynamics at the Pt(100)‐surface
Authors: Wachter A. , Bohnen K. P. , Ho K. M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractUsing first‐principles total‐energy calculations the lattice relaxation, surface energy, work function and surface phonons have been determined for the Pt(100)‐surface. Calculation of forces allows for a very efficient determination of equilibrium geometries and interplanar force constants. Results will be presented and compared with available experimental information.
Electronic excitations in NiO
Authors: Takahashi Manabu , Igarashi Jun‐Ichi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA many‐body theory for a multi‐orbital tight‐binding model is developed by taking account of local three‐body correlations. The theory is applied to the antiferromagnetic NiO. The multiple structures of three‐particle states are fully taken into account. It is shown that the self‐energy correction leads to the correct value of the band gap, the orbital character of the valence band top which is consistent with the charge‐transfer insulator, and the presence of the satellite intensities. The quasiparticle band is obtained in good agreement with the angular‐resolved photoemission data of NiO.
Mixed spin‐ and spin‐ Ising models with random nearest‐neighbour interactions
Authors: Benayad N. , Dakhama A. , Klümper A. , Zittartz J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractUsing the effective field theory with correlations, we study mixed spin−3/2 and spin−1/2 Ising models with random bonds and crystal‐field interactions on the honeycomb lattice. The nearest‐neighbour couplings Jij are taken as random variables with distribution P(Jij) = pδ(Jij − J)+(1 − p)δ(Jij − αJ), where J > 0 and |α| ≤ 1. In a certain range of negative values of α, the phase diagrams exhibit re‐entrant behaviour. In detail, we investigate separately two kinds of disorder: Bond dilution (α = 0) and random ±J interactions (α = −1). In both cases, the influence of the an‐isotropy on the phase diagrams shows some new outstanding features.
Low energy properties of identical and strongly correlated particles
Authors: Häusler W. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractInteresting qualitative consequences can arise from the quantum mechanical identity among strongly correlated particles that carry spin. This is demonstrated for properties connected with the low energy excitations in molecular and electronic systems. Spatial permutations among the identical particles are used as the key features.The particular behaviour of rotational tunneling molecules or molecular parts under the influence of dissipation are discussed together with the consequences arising for conversion transitions. The relationship between the thermal shifting of the tunneling line and the conversion rate at low and at elevated temperatures is explicated. The valuable information, that can be extracted from the conversion behaviour after isotopical substitution, is explained in detail. At low temperatures qualitative changes are predicted for the conversion rate by deuteration. Weakly hindered rotors show, also experimentally, drastic isotopic effects.The second part is devoted to finite systems of strongly interacting electrons that appear in semi‐conductor nano‐structures. The lowest excitation energies are strongly influenced by the interaction. They can be understood and determined starting from the limit of crystallized electrons by introducing localized many particle ‘pocket states’. The energy levels show multiplet structure, in agreement with numerical results. The total electron spin, associated with the low energy excitations, is crucially important for the nonlinear transport properties through quantum dots. It allows for instance to explain the appearance of negative differential conductances.
Eigenmodes of a compressible liquid drop
Authors: Wehner J. , Krappe H. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe eigenmodes of a non‐viscous, compressible liquid drop are investigated. The spectrum is shown to be derivable from two Hermitian eigenvalue problems which are weakly coupled by a non‐Hermitian operator. It is shown that both eigenvalue problems admit an asymptotic, lepto‐dermous expansion. Their contribution to the entropy of the droplet therefore also allows for such an expansion.
Brillouin‐Wigner and Feenberg perturbation methods in many‐body theory
Authors: Keiter H. , Kilić S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBrillouin‐Wigner (BW) perturbation formulae can be rearranged into a form first proposed by Feenberg. Feenberg's perturbation formulae also follow from a variational principle. They are successfully tested at two typical problems, for which ordinary perturbation techniques completely fail. The first is to find conditions for the bosonization of the Tomonaga model perturbatively. The second is to clarify whether non‐Fermi liquid behavior of the momentum distribution function of the Luttinger model can be achieved perturbatively.