bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood derived stem cells: An ameliorative therapy in veterinary ophthalmology
Authors: Marfe Gabriella , Massaro‐Giordano Mina , Ranalli Marco , Cozzoli Eliana , Di Stefano Carla , Malafoglia Valentina , Polettini Marco , Gambacurta Alessandra 
Published: July 2011

AbstractStem cell technology has evoked considerable excitement among people interested in the welfare of animals, as it has suggested the potential availability of new tools for several pathologies, including eye disease, which in many cases is considered incurable. One such example is ulcerative keratitis, which is very frequent in horses. Because some of these corneal ulcers can be very severe, progress rapidly and, therefore, can be a possible cause of vision loss, it is important to diagnose them at an early stage and administer an appropriate treatment, which can be medical, surgical, or a combination of both. The therapeutic strategy should eradicate the infection in order to reduce or stop destruction of the cornea. In addition, it should support the corneal structures and control the uveal reaction, and the pain associated with it, in order to minimize scarring. In this study, we address how stem cells derived from peripheral blood can be used also in ophthalmological pathologies. Our results demonstrate that this treatment protocol improved eye disease in four horse cases, including corneal ulcers and one case of retinal detachment. In all cases, we detected a decrease in the intense inflammatory reaction as well as the restoration of the epithelial surface of the central cornea. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 1250–1256, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Galectin‐3 is a new MerTK‐specific eat‐me signal
Authors: Caberoy Nora B. , Alvarado Gabriela , Bigcas Jo‐Lawrence , Li Wei 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPhagocytosis of apoptotic cells and cellular debris is a critical process of maintaining tissue and immune homeostasis. Defects in the phagocytosis process cause autoimmunity and degenerative diseases. Phagocytosis ligands or “eat‐me” signals control the initiation of the process by linking apoptotic cells to receptors on phagocyte surface and triggering signaling cascades for cargo engulfment. Eat‐me signals are traditionally identified on a case‐by‐case basis with challenges, and the identification of their cognate receptors is equally daunting. Here, we identified galectin‐3 (Gal‐3) as a new MerTK ligand by an advanced dual functional cloning strategy, in which phagocytosis‐based functional cloning is combined with receptor‐based affinity cloning to directly identify receptor‐specific eat‐me signal. Gal‐3 interaction with MerTK was independently verified by co‐immunoprecipitation. Functional analyses showed that Gal‐3 stimulated the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and cellular debris by macrophages and retinal pigment epithelial cells with MerTK activation and autophosphorylation. The Gal‐3‐mediated phagocytosis was blocked by excessive soluble MerTK extracellular domain and lactose. These results suggest that Gal‐3 is a legitimate MerTK‐specific eat‐me signal. The strategy of dual functional cloning with applicability to other phagocytic receptors will facilitate unbiased identification of their unknown ligands and improve our capacity for therapeutic modulation of phagocytic activity and innate immune response. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 401–407, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The challenge of change
Authors: Kicklighter Leilani , Miller Vivian B. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis article provides the Risk Manager with a framework for dealing with today's challenging times and how much uncertainty an organization is willing to accept. The frame work is ERM: Enterprise Risk Management. An argument is made that by applying an established ERM decision‐making framework, Risk Managers can integrate governance, risk management, compliance, quality performance, and technology which allows organizations to explore, evaluate, predict, mitigate, and even prevent adverse events from occurring in the first place.
Maximising Opportunities to Detect Verbal Deception: Training Police Officers to Interview Tactically
Authors: Dando Coral J. , Bull Ray 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this research was to investigate the efficacy of a novel information gathering technique for detecting truthful and deceptive verbal accounts in interview settings. Five police officers were trained to use each of the three interview techniques, namely tactical, strategic and early. Post‐training, each interviewed 30 mock suspects (five truth tellers and five liars in each interview condition) who had taken part in an immersive interactive computer game, competing as either a terrorist (deceiver) or a builder (truth tellers). Post‐interview, officers completed a questionnaire designed to collect veracity judgments, confidence levels and the type of interviewee behaviour that had influenced their veracity decision. Results revealed a significant advantage for detecting both deceivers and truth tellers using our new tactical procedure (67% and 74% accuracy, respectively) versus the strategic (54% and 42%) and early (53% and 47%) interviews. Additionally, when interviewing tactically, not only were interviewers more confident in their judgments but they also reported using verbal behaviour more to inform their judgments. We introduce the new tactical approach to interviewing and discuss our findings, suggesting why tactical interviewing is effective for detecting verbal deception. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chrono‐stratigraphy of the Upper Pleistocene and Holocene archaeological sequence in Cova Gran (south‐eastern Pre‐Pyrenees, Iberian Peninsula)
Authors: Mora R. , Benito‐Calvo A. , Martínez‐Moreno J. , Marcen P. González , De La Torre I. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe Cova Gran de Santa Linya (Lleida, Spain) is a recently discovered site, with a broad chrono‐cultural sequence that contains archaeological levels dating to the Middle Palaeolithic, Early Upper Palaeolithic, Late Upper Palaeolithic, Neolithic and Early Bronze Age. We present the chronometric and stratigraphic context of these occupations, which were dated using 14C accelerator mass spectrometry and thermoluminescence. The sequence provides important indicators that aid in the reconstruction of the history of human occupation on the southern slopes of the Spanish Pyrenees over the past 50,000 years. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐synchronous deposition of North Atlantic Ash Zone II in Greenland ice cores, and North Atlantic and Norwegian Sea sediments: an example of complex glacial‐stage tephra transport
Authors: Brendryen Jo , Haflidason Haflidi , Sejrup Hans Petter 
Published: July 2011

AbstractTephra provides regional chronostratigraphical marker horizons that can link different climate archives with highly needed accuracy and precision. The results presented in this work exemplify, however, that the intermittent storage of tephra in ice sheets and during its subsequent iceberg transport, especially during glacial stages, constitutes a potential source of serious error for the application of tephrochronology to Nordic Seas and North Atlantic sediment archives. The peak shard concentration of the rhyolitic component of the North Atlantic Ash Zone II (NAAZ‐II) tephra complex, often used to correlate marine and ice core records in Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3, is shown to lag the eruption event by ca. 100–400 years in some North Atlantic and Norwegian Sea cores. While still allowing for a correlation of archives on millennial timescales, this time delay in deposition is a major obstacle when addressing the lead–lag relationship on short timescales (years to centuries). A precise and accurate determination of lead–lag relationships between archives recording different parts of the climate system is crucial in order to test hypotheses about the processes leading to abrupt climate change and to evaluate results from climate models. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Speleothem‐derived Asian summer monsoon variations in Central China, 54–46 ka
Authors: Zhou Houyun , Zhao Jianxin , Qing Wang , Feng Yuexing , Tang Jing 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe oxygen isotope signature (δ18O) of stalagmite SI3 collected from Shizi Cave in north‐east Sichuan Province provides an Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) record in Central China for the period 54–46 ka. The SI3 δ18O record clearly shows a negative δ18O excursion centred around 49.4 ka, which was reported in Hulu Cave in East China but not identified in the speleothem records from South‐west China. As a whole, this record displays a higher coherence with the two Hulu records from East China than with the speleothem δ18O records from South‐west China, suggesting that at 54–46 ka, Central China was influenced more by the East Asian Summer Monsoon than by the Indian Summer Monsoon. It also displays a significant negative δ18O excursion at 47.5–46.6 ka, which is not clearly documented in two other speleothem δ18O records previously reported from South‐west China. This suggests that details of the Greenland interstadial 12 warrant further investigations in future in monsoonal China. The SI3 δ18O record displays more significant centennial‐scale variations than the other four speleothem δ18O records from East and South‐west China, which may be due to the fact that the study site is closer to the north‐west boundary of the ASM and more sensitive to variations of the ASM than East and South‐west China. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variation in life history and demography of the American black bear
Authors: Beston Julie A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractVariation in life history and demography across a species' range informs researchers about regional adaptations and affects whether managers can borrow information from other populations in decision‐making. The American black bear (Ursus americanus) is a long‐lived game species whose continued persistence depends on management of harvest and removal of habituated bears that come into conflict with humans. Understanding the demography of black bears guides efforts at management and conservation, yet detailed knowledge of many populations is typically lacking. I performed a hierarchical Bayesian meta‐analysis of black bear demographic studies across the geographic range of the species to explore how vital rates vary across the range, what information they give us about population growth, and whether managers can justify borrowing information from other studies to inform management decisions. Cub, yearling, and adult survival and fecundity varied between eastern and western North America, whereas subadult survival did not show geographic structuring. Adult survival and fecundity appeared to trade off, with higher survival in the western portions of bears' range and higher fecundity in the east. Although adult survival had the highest elasticity, differences in reproduction drove differences in population growth rate. Mean population growth rate was higher in the east (0.99; 95% credible interval [CrI]: 0.96, 1.03) than the west (0.97; 95%CrI: 0.93, 1.01). Despite declining trends in the west, 34% of the distribution of population growth rate was >1, compared to 55% in the east. Further work needs to be done to address the cause of the apparent trade‐off between adult survival and fecundity and explore how the estimated growth rates are likely to affect population status of black bears. Because population growth rates are close to 1 and small deviations could impact whether a population is considered increasing or decreasing, managers need to employ caution in borrowing vital rates from other populations. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
The laryngeal mask airway and otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery
Authors: Jefferson Niall , Riffat Faruque , McGuinness John , Johnstone Charlotte 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To review the use of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in otorhinolaryngology, as well as the advantages and disadvantages across the range of procedures typically performed.Study Design:Contemporary review.Methods:Published articles identified through PubMed, Medline, and conference proceedings were reviewed.Results:With only minimal stimulation of the oropharyngeal airway at the time of insertion and removal, the LMA provides safe, hands‐free airway maintenance and is ideally suited to many of the procedures performed in otorhinolaryngology.Conclusions:The relationship between surgeon and anesthetist is particularly strong in otorhinolaryngology. The impact of airway management on the surgical field and perioperative conditions requires the surgeon to be aware of contemporary tools and techniques available. The LMA has been shown to be safe and efficacious by both the literature and clinical practice. Its use in selected patients should be encouraged.
Tracheocele—a case report
Authors: Nerurkar Nupur , Patil Prakash , Tampi Shyamsunder , Yadav Karan , Jain Shraddha 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA tracheocele is a rarely encountered entity that may be congenital or acquired. This tracheal lesion is characterized by the presence of a single cystic pouch filled with air or a mixture of liquid and air. We recently managed a case of a large voluminous acquired tracheocele originating from the right posterolateral tracheal wall. A 39‐year‐old male patient presented with chronic cough and breathy voice. Rigid laryngoscopy revealed a right immobile vocal fold. Computed tomography scan revealed a tracheocele that was excised externally with recurrent laryngeal nerve preservation.
Association of common variants, not rare mutations, in IRF6 With nonsyndromic clefts in a honduran population
Authors: Larrabee Yuna C. , Birkeland Andrew C. , Kent David T. , Flores Carlos , Su Gloria H. , Lee Joseph H. , Haddad Joseph 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) is a common birth defect throughout the world. Linkage studies have shown interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) to be associated with CL/P in multiple populations, including one in Honduras. It is unknown, however, whether rare sporadic mutations or common variants are the cause of this association, and reports exist supporting both hypotheses. Thus, it is important to determine the cause for this association in a Honduran population.Study Design:Case‐control and family‐based association studies.Methods:Families with two or more members affected by CL/P were identified. We collected DNA from affected and unaffected family members (608 total), and from 100 gender‐matched controls from Honduras. We sequenced the exons of IRF6 for mutations in probands and controls. All patients were genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs642961 and rs2235371, which are proposed to have potential biological significance to IRF6 expression and function.Results:We found no mutations in IRF6 in our CL/P probands. We found a risk association with the G allele of rs2235371 in both case‐control (P = .01) and family‐based association (P = .01) studies. We found no association with either allele of rs642961.Conclusions:This study suggests that common variants, rather than rare mutations, are the cause for association between IRF6 and nonsyndromic CL/P. rs2235371, but not rs642961, shows association with CL/P, suggesting a functional role for this polymorphism in our Honduran population. rs642961 has been previously reported to have an effect in other populations, suggesting that different populations may be affected by different polymorphisms.
A new method of nasal dermoplasty (MW grafting method) in patients with large septal perforation
Authors: Ichimura Keiichi , Kikuchi Hisashi , Imayoshi Shoichiro 
Published: July 2011

AbstractNasal dermoplasty is effective in controlling epistaxis in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). Skin graft take failure occurs mostly in cases of large septal perforation. The MW method was developed as a modification of nasal dermoplasty designed for patients with HHT having a large septal perforation. It seems to be a safe and effective approach and should be tried for recurrent bleeders with septal perforation.
The mitochondrial A3243G mutation involves the peripheral vestibule as well as the cochlea
Authors: Iwasaki Shinichi , Egami Naoya , Fujimoto Chisato , Chihara Yasuhiro , Ushio Munetaka , Kashio Akinori , Yamasoba Tatsuya 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To evaluate vestibular function in patients with the mitochondrial A3243G mutation.Study Design:Data from patients with the A3243G mutation attending an academic tertiary referral center were prospectively recorded.Methods:The clinical histories of 13 unrelated patients with the mitochondrial A3243G mutation (six mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke‐like episodes; and seven maternally inherited diabetes and deafness) were recorded, in particular their history of vestibular symptoms. Vestibular examinations including caloric testing and vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in response to air‐conducted sound (ACS‐VEMPs) were performed. In seven patients who showed abnormal ACS‐VEMP, VEMP in response to galvanic stimuli (galvanic‐VEMP) were also recorded.Results:Eleven of the 13 patients had vestibular symptoms. The age of onset of vestibular symptoms was significantly later than the ages of onset of hearing loss and diabetes mellitus (P < .05). Ten of the 13 patients showed abnormal caloric responses, whereas 12 patients showed abnormal ACS‐VEMPs on one or both sides. All of the seven patients who underwent galvanic‐VEMP testing showed normal responses.Conclusions:The A3243G mutation is associated with vestibular dysfunction involving both the superior and inferior vestibular nerve systems. Furthermore, our results from galvanic‐VEMP testing suggests that a labyrinthine lesion is primarily responsible for the symptoms of vestibular dysfunction.
How to Integrate Biological Motors towards Bio‐Actuators Fueled by ATP
Authors: Kabir Arif Md. Rashedul , Kakugo Akira , Gong Jian Ping , Osada Yoshihito 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBiological motors, driven by the conversion of chemical energy into mechanical energy, are much more efficient than man‐made machines. The development of such efficient biomimetic motor systems in vitro is currently a vital need. However, great difficulty lies in how to integrate the sophisticated functions of the constituent components to obtain a performance as in the case of natural living systems. Based on ‘active’ and ‘passive’ self‐organization principles, it has been demonstrated that the functions of motor protein systems can be integrated to obtain complex hierarchical structures that can work as actuators. Most of the works discussed here concern two‐dimensional behavior, and recent works aim to explore the three‐dimensional features of such artificial bio‐mechanical systems.magnified image
Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Physical Hydrogels: New Vista on a Long Serving Biomaterial
Authors: Alves Marie‐Helene , Jensen Bettina E. B. , Smith Anton A. A. , Zelikin Alexander N. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPoly(vinyl alcohol), PVA, and physical hydrogels derived thereof have an excellent safety profile and a successful history of biomedical applications. However, these materials are hardly in the focus of biomedical research, largely due to poor opportunities in nano‐ and micro‐scale design associated with PVA hydrogels in their current form. In this review we aim to demonstrate that with PVA, a (sub)molecular control over polymer chemistry translates into fine‐tuned supramolecular association of chains and this, in turn, defines macroscopic properties of the material. This nano‐ to micro‐ to macro‐ translation of control is unique for PVA and can now be accomplished using modern tools of macromolecular design. We believe that this strategy affords functionalized PVA physical hydrogels which meet the demands of modern nanobiotechnology and have a potential to become an indispensable tool in the design of biomaterials.magnified image
Non‐oxidative Thermal Degradation of Poly(glycidol), Poly(glycidol)‐g‐L‐lactide, and Poly(glycidol)‐g‐glycolide
Authors: Atkinson Jeffrey L. , Vyazovkin Sergey 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThree polymers of pharmaceutical/medical relevance are synthesized: poly(glycidol) (PG), poly(glycidol)‐g‐L‐lactide (PG‐g‐La), and poly(glycidol)‐g‐glycolide (PG‐g‐Gly). Because the thermal stability of these polymers is an essential factor of their processing and practical application, the study focuses on kinetic and mechanistic aspects of non‐oxidative thermal degradation. The study is conducted by combining thermogravimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and isoconversional kinetic analysis. It is found that PG degrades in a single mass loss step, whereas, PG‐g‐La and PG‐g‐Gly in two. It is demonstrated that the first step in degradation of PG‐g‐La and PG‐g‐Gly is associated with decomposition of the pendant groups and the second is due to degradation of the PG backbone.magnified image
Photodynamic therapy based on 5‐aminolevulinic acid and its use as an antimicrobial Agent
Authors: Harris Frederick , Pierpoint Lynne 
Published: July 2011

AbstractExogenous 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is taken up directly by bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and some parasites, which then induces the accumulation of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX). Subsequent light irradiation of PPIX leads to the inactivation of these organisms via photodamage to their cellular structures. ALA uptake and light irradiation of PPIX produced by host cells leads to the inactivation of other parasites, along with some viruses, via the induction of an immune response. ALA‐mediated PPIX production by host cells and light irradiation result in the inactivation of other viruses via either the induction of a host cell response or direct photodynamic attack on viral particles. This ALA‐mediated production of light‐activated PPIX has been extensively used as a form of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and has shown varying levels of efficacy in treating conditions that are associated with microbial infection, ranging from acne and verrucae to leishmaniasis and onychomycosis. However, for the treatment of some of these conditions by ALA‐based PDT, the role of an antimicrobial effect has been disputed and in general, the mechanisms by which the technique inactivates microbes are not well understood. In this study, we review current understanding of the antimicrobial mechanisms used by ALA‐based PDT and its role in the treatment of microbial infections along with its potential medical and nonmedical applications.
Relating discrete element method parameters to rock properties using classical and micropolar elasticity theories
Authors: Alassi Haitham Tayseer , Holt Rune 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYMicro–macro relations for discrete element method (DEM) media are derived using both classical and micropolar elasticity theories. The DEM media are classified into two main categories: dense packing, and loose packing. For both categories, relations for Young modulus (E), Poisson's ratio (ν) to represent static behaviors, and wave velocities (P‐wave and S‐wave) to represent dynamic behaviors are derived using the internal DEM parameters (kn, ks) and compared with values obtained from static and dynamic numerical tests. Whereas the dynamic behaviors for the two categories and the static behaviors for the dense packing match the analytical relations, the static behavior for the loose packing does not. Micropolar elasticity theory is also used to study the behaviors of the DEM media, where it is shown that if element rotation is included, DEM media behave according to linear elasticity theory. However, if element rotation is constrained, asymmetrical stresses arise in the DEM media, and a new expression is derived for the S‐wave, which allows it, under certain conditions, to travel faster than the P‐wave. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.