bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gas patterns on plain abdominal radiographs: a pictorial review
Authors: Musson Rachel E , Bickle Ian , Vijay Ram K P 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACT
Abdominal radiographs are one of the most commonly performed radiological examinations and have an established role in the assessment of the acute abdomen. The main indication is for suspected bowel obstruction and in conjunction with an erect chest x-ray for suspected visceral perforation. Often, the pattern of gas points to a particular pathology, and accurate interpretation is important for prompt diagnosis. The diagnosis in most cases will be confirmed by further imaging studies such as ultrasound, contrast studies or, most commonly in contemporary practice, CT. This pictorial review summarises the various types of intraluminal and extraluminal gas patterns, illustrates some of the common clinical diagnoses made from plain films, describes some commonly encountered clinical problems with radiographs, and discusses the role of advanced imaging techniques.
Sterilisation of hybrid Galapagos tortoises (Geochelone nigra) for island restoration. Part 2: phallectomy of males under intrathecal anaesthesia with lidocaine
Authors: Rivera S. , Divers S. J. , Knafo S. E. , Martinez P. , Cayot L. J. , Tapia‐Aguilera W. , Flanagan J. 
Published: January 2011

Lidocaine intrathecal anaesthesia was used to perform phallectomies in 15 hybrid Galapagos tortoises (Geochelone nigra) in a field setting as part of a conservation and ecosystem restoration project in the Galapagos Islands. The intrathecal injection was performed in the dorsal intercoccygeal region of the tail. Once the tail and hindlimbs were relaxed and the phallus was easily exteriorised, phallectomy was performed in a routine manner. All the animals recovered well from the procedure and were walking 30 to 60 minutes after surgery. No adverse effects were noted as a result of lidocaine intrathecal anaesthesia. One of the larger animals had evidence of haemorrhage from the surgical site 48 hours postoperatively. All tortoises continued to make full recoveries and were released on to the island of Pinta in May 2010.
Randomized Trial of Targeted Performance Feedback to Facilitate Quality Improvement in Acute Myocardial Infarction Care
Authors: Alexander Karen P. , Wang Tracy Y. , Li Shuang , Lytle Barbara L. , Slattery Lara E. , Calhoun Sarah , Poteat Jennifer , Roe Matthew T. , Rumsfeld John S. , Cannon Christopher P. , Peterson Eric D. 
Published: January 2011

Background—
Efforts to improve quality of care for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are a national priority. To date, there have been few studies that have prospectively evaluated hospital quality improvement (QI) interventions.

Methods and Results—
Using hospitals in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry (NCDR) ACTION Registry–GWTG, a cluster randomized trial of the effectiveness of targeted performance feedback to facilitate process improvement for AMI care will be conducted. ACTION Registry–GWTG hospitals with a minimum of 50 AMI patients per 2 quarters are eligible for randomization. The control arm receives standard performance feedback reports, and the intervention arm receives standard performance feedback reports in addition to a supplemental report on the “top 3” centrally identified, hospital-specific performance gaps. The primary outcome will be improvement in a composite of all metrics, and the secondary outcome will be improvement in the targeted metrics. At study inception in January 2009, 149 sites were randomized: 76 to the intervention arm, and 73 to the control arm. Intervention and control sites were well balanced in terms of baseline performance, center characteristics, and AMI volume (≈70 patients per quarter). The intervention phase will continue for 5 feedback cycles, each containing 2 quarters of data feedback over 18 months. A final trial outcome report will follow.

Conclusions—
This randomized trial will evaluate a novel hospital-level QI intervention of targeted performance feedback for AMI, thereby demonstrating the effective use of national registries for QI and furthering our understanding of effective QI methods.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00952250.
Distinct Effects of Leukocyte and Cardiac Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase γ Activity in Pressure Overload–Induced Cardiac Failure
Authors: Damilano Federico , Franco Irene , Perrino Cinzia , Schaefer Katrin , Azzolino Ornella , Carnevale Daniela , Cifelli Giuseppe , Carullo Pierluigi , Ragona Riccardo , Ghigo Alessandra , Perino Alessia , Lembo Giuseppe , Hirsch Emilio 
Published: January 2011

Background—
Signaling from phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ) is crucial for leukocyte recruitment and inflammation but also contributes to cardiac maladaptive remodeling. To better understand the translational potential of these findings, this study investigates the role of PI3Kγ activity in pressure overload–induced heart failure, addressing the distinct contributions of bone marrow–derived and cardiac cells.

Methods and Results—
After transverse aortic constriction, mice knock-in for a catalytically inactive PI3Kγ (PI3Kγ KD) showed reduced fibrosis and normalized cardiac function up to 16 weeks. Accordingly, treatment with a selective PI3Kγ inhibitor prevented transverse aortic constriction–induced fibrosis. To define the cell types involved in this protection, bone marrow chimeras, lacking kinase activity in the immune system or the heart, were studied after transverse aortic constriction. Bone marrow–derived cells from PI3Kγ KD mice were not recruited to wild-type hearts, thus preventing fibrosis and preserving diastolic function. After prolonged pressure overload, chimeras with PI3Kγ KD bone marrow–derived cells showed slower development of left ventricular dilation and higher fractional shortening than controls. Conversely, in the presence of a wild-type immune system, KD hearts displayed bone marrow–derived cell infiltration and fibrosis at early stages but reduced left ventricular dilation and preserved contractile function at later time points.

Conclusions—
Together, these data demonstrate that, in response to transverse aortic constriction, PI3Kγ contributes to maladaptive remodeling at multiple levels by modulating both cardiac and immune cell functions.
Maternal Methadone Dose, Placental Methadone Concentrations, and Neonatal Outcomes
Authors: de Castro Ana , Jones Hendreé E , Johnson Rolley E , Gray Teresa R , Shakleya Diaa M , Huestis Marilyn A 
Published: January 2011

BACKGROUND
Few investigations have used placenta as an alternative matrix to detect in utero drug exposure, despite its availability at the time of birth and the large amount of sample. Methadone-maintained opioid-dependent pregnant women provide a unique opportunity to examine the placental disposition of methadone and metabolite [2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP)], to explore their correlations with maternal methadone dose and neonatal outcomes, and to test the ability to detect in utero exposure to illicit drugs.

METHODS
We calculated the correlations of placental methadone and EDDP concentrations and their correlations with maternal methadone doses and neonatal outcomes. Cocaine- and opiate-positive placenta results were compared with the results for meconium samples and for urine samples collected throughout gestation.

RESULTS
Positive correlations were found between placental methadone and EDDP concentrations (r = 0.685), and between methadone concentration and methadone dose at delivery (r = 0.542), mean daily dose (r = 0.554), mean third-trimester dose (r = 0.591), and cumulative daily dose (r = 0.639). The EDDP/methadone concentration ratio was negatively correlated with cumulative daily dose (r = −0.541) and positively correlated with peak neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) score (r = 0.513). Placental EDDP concentration was negatively correlated with newborn head circumference (r = −0.579). Cocaine and opiate use was detected in far fewer placenta samples than in thrice-weekly urine and meconium samples, a result suggesting a short detection window for placenta.

CONCLUSIONS
Quantitative methadone and EDDP measurement may predict NAS severity. The placenta reflects in utero drug exposure for a shorter time than meconium but may be useful when meconium is unavailable or if documentation of recent exposure is needed.
Some topics related to universality of L-functions with an Euler product
Authors: Nakamura Takashi 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
In this paper, we show the joint universality of the set of the Steuding class L-functions {L(s+i
δ

l

τ)}
l=1

m
for almost all (δ
1,…,δ

m
)∈R
m
. From this property, we obtain the result that {L(s+i
δ

l

τ)}
l=j,k
, where δ

j
and δ

k
are two of the above, has a kind of generalized strong recurrence. Roughly speaking, this means that L(s+i
δ

j

τ) can be uniformly approximated by L(s+i
δ

k

τ) in the sense of universality. Moreover, we consider the relation between the generalized strong recurrence and zeros of the Selberg and Steuding class L-functions L(s). Finally, we obtain the upper bound for the density of universality for the Steuding class L-functions.
Andreas Pfitzmann 1958—2010
Authors: Federrath Hannes , Hansen Marit , Waidner Michael 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
On September 23rd 2010, Prof. Dr. Andreas Pfitzmann died at the age 52 after a short but serious illness. The focus of his reasoning had been the individual and with him the society, in which he lives. During his life as a researcher Andreas Pfitzmann contributed decisively and groundbreakingly to the technical implementation of the constitutional right to informational self-determination.
From “VZ 1983” to the 2011 Census
Authors: Brunnstein Klaus 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Dealing with the case of German census law 1983, the German Federal Constitutional Court derived the constitutional right of each German citizen for “informational self-determination”. The Census 2011, applicable in all countries of the European Union, must comply with this right. The German census law 2011 requires the collection of more data about each citizen than the previous census in 1983. Moreover, recent developments such as the unique tax number, given for any German citizen, and the new digital identity card would permit easier re-identification than before.
Privacy 3.0 := Data Minimization + User Control + Contextual Integrity
Authors: Borcea-Pfitzmann Katrin , Pfitzmann Andreas , Berg Manuela 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Over the last two decades, privacy has been fading away. Some people have even stated: You have zero privacy — get over it! As privacy researchers, we are not willing to accept this statement. Therefore, we analyze the causes for this fading away of privacy, and develop a set of approaches to preserve or even regain privacy. We argue that Privacy 3.0 should be a combination of (1) Data minimization, (2) User control of personal information disclosure, and (3) Contextual integrity. Data minimization is one of the main motivations for the development of privacy-enhancing technologies, which aim to limit collection and processing of personal data by data controllers. User control of personal information disclosure supports users in deciding which personal information is released to whom and in which situation. Contextual integrity provides a new quality of privacy by making the original context in which particular personal data have been generated easily accessible to all entities that are aware of that particular personal data.
New Features in Electroless Deposition of Ternary Coatings on the Base of Ni-P and Co-P
Authors: Armyanov Stephan Atanassov , Valova Eugenia , Georgieva Jenia 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The new features in the electroless (autocatalytic) deposition, structure and properties of Ni-Cu-P, Ni-Sn-P, Ni-Zn-P, Ni-W-P, Co-W-P, and Co-Re-P as well as the quaternary coatings Ni-Sn-Cu-P, Ni-W-Re-P, and Co-Re-Ni-P established in the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (IPC BAS) are reviewed. The role of disproportionation reactions of Cu(I), Sn(II) and Re(VI) during electroless deposition of Ni-Cu-P, Ni-Sn-P and Co-Re-P is considered. The data about the localization and chemical state of Zn, W and Re are presented. The influence of Cu and Sn added to high P (> 10 wt. %) Ni-P coatings on the thermal stability of their amorphous state is illustrated. A comparison of the corrosion resistance of Ni-Cu-P and Ni-Sn-P with that of Ni-P with the same quantity of phosphorus is given. The application of Ni-Cu-P in a hybrid multilayer with TiN is demonstrated.
Electrochemical Growth of Eosin Y/Manganese Doped ZnO as Hybrid Films and Nanowires
Authors: Sima Mariana , Visan Teodor , Matei Elena , Ungureanu Florica , Enculescu Ionut , Sima Marian 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The electrodeposition process of Eosin Y/ZnO: Mn as films and nanowires performed using a solution containing zinc and manganese nitrates + lactic acid mixture was studied by linear voltammetry. The films and wires grown by polarization at −1.1 V/SCE electrode potential were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Additionally, the Eosin Y presence was evidenced by optical measurements as absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The manganese content in films depends on the nature of support electrode used. On the other hand, the presence of Eosin Y species in the deposition bath increased significantly the manganese concentration in the ZnO: Mn nanowires electrodeposited at −1.1 V/SCE.
Nonurgent Emergency-Department Care: Analysis of Parent and Primary Physician Perspectives
Authors: Brousseau David C. , Nimmer Mark R. , Yunk Nichole L. , Nattinger Ann B. , Greer Ann 
Published: January 2011

OBJECTIVE:
To better understand parental decisions to seek care for their children and physician perceptions of parents' decisions to seek nonurgent emergency-department care.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
In-depth interviews of 26 parents of children and 20 primary care physicians of the same children presenting for nonurgent care at a children's hospital emergency department were completed. Parent accounts of events that preceded the emergency-department visit were coded and qualitatively analyzed for themes. Physician evaluations of the accounts of events and parental decisions were ascertained through interviews with primary care physicians, who also described their practice characteristics. The parent/physician analyses allowed for an investigation of all aspects of the child's care and were designed to reveal differences between parent and physician beliefs.

RESULTS:
Parents believed that they acted appropriately, and physicians approved of parents' decisions. Four main themes emerged: (1) immediate reassurance that their children are safe from harm is critical to parents' decisions; (2) primary care offices lack specific tests and treatments that parents and physicians believe may be necessary, regardless of whether they are actually needed; (3) discrepancies exist between physician and parent perceptions of adequate communication and access; and (4) nonurgent emergency-department visits are not perceived as a significant enough breach in continuity of care by physicians and parents to warrant any concern.

CONCLUSIONS:
When individual interviews were evaluated, neither parents nor primary care physicians saw nonurgent emergency-department visits as a significant enough problem to warrant any change in physician care practices or parent care-seeking behavior.
Improving Care for Children With Sickle Cell Disease/Acute Chest Syndrome
Authors: Crabtree Elizabeth A. , Mariscalco M. Michele , Hesselgrave Joy , Iniguez Suzanne F. , Hilliard Tanya J. , Katkin Julie P. , McCarthy Kathy , Velasquez Mireya Paulina , Airewele Gladstone , Hockenberry Marilyn J. 
Published: January 2011

BACKGROUND:
Acute chest syndrome (ACS) is a leading cause of hospitalization and death of children with sickle cell disease (SCD). An evidence-based ACS/SCD guideline was established to standardize care throughout the institution in February 2008. However, by the summer of 2009 use of the guideline was inconsistent, and did not seem to have an impact on length of stay. As a result, an implementation program was developed.

OBJECTIVE:
This quality-improvement project evaluated the influence of the development and implementation of a clinical practice guideline for children with SCD with ACS or at risk for ACS on clinical outcomes.

METHODS:
Clinical outcomes of 139 patients with SCD were evaluated before and after the development of the implementation program. Outcomes included average length of stay, number of exchange transfusions, average cost per SCD admission, and documentation of the clinical respiratory score and pulmonary interventions.

RESULTS:
Average length of stay decreased from 5.8 days before implementation of the guideline to 4.1 days after implementation (P = .033). No patients required an exchange transfusion. Average cost per SCD admission decreased from $30 359 before guideline implementation to $22 368. Documentation of the clinical respiratory score increased from 31.0% before implementation to 75.5%, which is an improvement of 44.5% (P &lt; .001). Documentation of incentive spirometry and positive expiratory pressure increased from 23.3% before implementation to 50.4%, which is an improvement of 27.1% (P &lt; .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Implementation of a guideline for children with SCD with ACS or at risk for ACS improved outcomes for patients with SCD.
Polarisation dependent Raman study of single-crystal nickel oxide
Authors: Mironova-Ulmane Nina , Kuzmin Alexei , Sildos Ilmo , Pärs Martti 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The magnetic domain structure and Raman scattering have been studied in NiO single-crystals with three different (100), (110) and (111) orientations. Twin-domain structure was observed in NiO(100) and NiO(110) single-crystals using cross-polarized optical microscopy. We found that the ratio of the two-magnon (at 1500 cm−1) to the two-phonon (2LO, at 1100 cm−1) Raman bands intensity is sensitive in a particular way to the type of the twin-domain pattern.
Seeing through the lizard’s trick: do avian predators avoid autotomous tails?
Authors: Vervust Bart , Loy Hans , Damme Raoul 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Counter-adaptations of predators towards their prey are a far less investigated phenomenon in predator-prey interactions. Caudal autotomy is generally considered an effective last-resort mechanism for evading predators. However, in victim-exploiter relationships, the efficacy of a strategy will obviously depend on the antagonist’s ability to counter it. In the logic of the predator-prey arms race, one would expect predators to develop attack strategies that minimize the chance of autotomy of the prey and damage on the predator. We tested whether avian predators preferred grasping lizards by their head. We constructed plasticine models of the Italian wall lizard (Podarcis sicula) and placed them in natural habitat of the species. Judging from counts of beak marks on the models, birds preferentially attack the head and might also avoid the tail and limb regions. While a preference for the head might not necessarily demonstrate tail and limb avoidance, this topic needs further exploration because it suggests that even unspecialised avian predators may see through the lizard’s trick-of-the-tail. This result may have implications for our understanding of the evolution of this peculiar defensive system and the loss or decreased tendency to shed the tail on island systems with the absence of terrestrial predators.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF CROTON BONPLANDIANUM BAILL. TO AIR POLLUTION
Authors: Saquib M. , Ahmad A. , Ansari K. 
Published: January 2011

The air pollution stress around the thermal power plant lead to the significant reduction in size and biomass of root and shoot, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, photosynthetic pigments and photosynthetic area of Croton bonplandianum. The resulting stresses of air pollution and reduced foliage further affected the over all morphology and physiology of the plant. Root biomass and chlorophyll a showed maximum reduction than any other selected parameters studied in the stressed area. Chlorophyll a was found to be four and half times more sensitive to air pollutants than carotenoids. Key words: Air pollution; Thermal power plant; Morphology and physiology; C. bonplandianumDOI: 10.3126/eco.v17i0.4103Ecoprint An International Journal of Ecology Vol. 17, 2010 Page: 35-41 Uploaded date: 29 December, 2010
ESTIMATING BACTERIAL POPULATION ON THE PHYLLOSPHERE BY SERIAL DILUTION PLATING AND LEAF IMPRINT METHODS
Authors: Yadav Ram Kailash P. , Kakamanoli Katerina , Vokou Despoina 
Published: January 2011

The plant phyllosphere constitute a habitat for variety of microorganisms; bacteria are the most common ones. In this study, we assessed the ability of serial dilution plating and leaf imprint methods to elucidate population abundance on the phyllosphere of eight plant species co-occurring in the same area in mediterranean ecosystem (northern Greece). The serial dilution plating method outweighed the leaf imprint method in determining the total epiphytic bacterial population and the estimates were significantly higher. However, the ability to detect presence of bacterial colony on leaf surface is higher for the leaf imprints, suggesting specific use of this method for practical purposes. Key words: Phyllosphere; Bacterial population; Serial dilution plating; Leaf imprintDOI: 10.3126/eco.v17i0.4105Ecoprint An International Journal of Ecology Vol. 17, 2010 Page: 47-52 Uploaded date: 29 December, 2010
Synoptic Byzantine chronologies of the Councils
Authors: Munitiz Joseph 
Published: January 2011

REB 36 1978 France p. 193-218
J. Munitiz, Synoptic Byzantine chronologies of the Councils. — The author examines the information to be found in the text or margins of many synoptic accounts of the first seven Councils concerning the intervals between these events. One system (n° 5) is particularly common, but there are signs of an earlier system and of other attempts to fix the time span between the Councils. Despite palaeographic errors, regular patterns can be recognized, e.g. the change from the use of the Alexandrine to the Byzantine era, and the uncertainties concerning the dates of the Councils of Ephesus and Constantinople II. The Dossier at the end lists the manuscripts giving the different computations.
A Manuscript of the Despote Andronicus Ducas
Authors: Anderson Jeffrey C. 
Published: January 2011

REB 37 1979 France p. 229-238
J. C. Anderson, A Manuscript of the Despote Andronicus Ducas. — Owing to the presence of a set of gilt monograms, the author is able to identify the portraits on fol. 14 of Milan, Bibl. Ambros., cod. B. 80. sup. as those of Constantius, Michael VII and Andronicus Ducas. The work is dated to the period 1068-1078 and brief remarks are made on the painting style of the manuscript.