bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Rural Development: A Cross‐Country Comparison using Microeconomic Data
Authors: Winters Paul , Essam Timothy , Zezza Alberto , Davis Benjamin , Carletto Calogero 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis article proposes a general pattern of rural development in which increases in per capita income are associated with a decline in the importance of agricultural production and a rise in the importance of non‐agricultural income sources. Following the approach to examining Engel’s Law, we use data from 15 developing countries and a merged dataset to test whether such a pattern emerges. The analysis shows a strong, positive relationship between per capita income and the share of income earned from rural non‐agricultural wage employment and a negative relationship between per capita income and agricultural production.
Effects of Solar UV‐B Radiation on Embryonic Development in Hyla cadaverina, Hyla regilla, and Taricha torosa
Authors: Anzalone Christopher R. , Kats Lee B. , Gordon Malcolm S. 
Published: August 2010

Exposure to solar ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) radiation leads to increased embryonic mortality in some amphibians. It has been hypothesized that sensitivity to UV‐B may contribute to the population declines of some species. To better understand the effects of ambient UV‐B on embryo development and survival, embryos from three lower latitude (34°N), lower altitude (290 m) amphibian species were studied at natural breeding sites in the Santa Monica Mountains near Los Angeles, California. We compared embryonic development and hatching success in Hyla regilla, Hyla cadaverina, and Taricha torosa embryos exposed to ambient solar UV‐B radiation with those shielded from solar UV‐B. A large percentage of H. regilla embryos survived when exposed to and protected from UV‐B. Neither hatching success nor rates of development were affected by solar UV‐B. Conversely, H. cadaverina and T. torosa embryos displayed high rates of embryonic mortality when exposed to solar UV‐B. Elimination of solar UV‐B significantly increased hatching success in both of these species, but had no effect on rates of embryonic development. These data suggest that under natural conditions, solar UV‐B radiation influences embryo survival in both Hyla cadaverina and Taricha torosa. Additional studies are required to determine whether susceptibility to UV‐B affects these species at the population level.Efecto de la Radiación Solar UV‐B en el Desarrollo Embrionario en Hyla cadaverina, Hyla regilla y Taricha torosaLa exposición a radiación solar ultravioleta‐B (UV‐B) resulta en el incremento de la mortalidad embrionaria en algunos anfibios. Existe la hipótesis de que la sensibilidad a UV‐B puede contribuir a la declinación poblacional de algunas especies. Para entender los efectos de UV‐B ambiental sobre el desarrollo y sobrevivencia embrionario estudiamos, en sitios reproductivos naturales cerca de Los Angeles California, embriones de especies de anfibios de baja latitud (34°N) y baja altitud. Comparamos el desarrollo embrionario y éxito de eclosión en embriones de Hyla cadaverina, Hyla regilla y Taricha torosa expuestos a radiación UV‐B ambiente con los de embriones protegidos de la radiación. Un alto porcentaje de embriones de H. regilla sobrevivió cuando expuestos a y protegidos de la radiación. La radiación UV‐B no afectó al éxito de eclosión ni a las tasas de desarrollo. Por el contrario, embriones de H. cadaverina y T. torosa presentaron altas tasas de mortalidad embrionaria cuando expuestos a la radiación UV‐B. La eliminación de UV‐B incrementó el éxito de eclosión significativamente en ambas especies, pero no tuvo efecto sobre las tasas de desarrollo embrionario. Estos datos sugieren que, en condiciones naturales, la radiación UV‐B influye sobre la sobrevivencia de Hyla cadaverina y Taricha torosa. Se requieren estudios adicionales para determinar si la susceptibilidad a UV‐B afecta a estas especies a nivel poblacional.
The Relationship between Popularity and Body Size in Zoo Animals
Authors: Ward Paul I. , Mosberger Nicole , Kistler Claudia , Fischer Oliver 
Published: August 2010

Larger animals are more expensive to maintain in zoos than are smaller animals, and they breed at slower rates. Consequently, zoos could potentially contribute more to conservation efforts by concentrating on smaller‐bodied species, but they could lose patronage if the zoo’s public prefers to see larger species. Therefore, we examined the relationship between the popularity of zoo exhibits and the body sizes of the animals displayed. We measured popularity as the proportion of people passing an exhibit who looked at it for more than 10 seconds and compared popularity to the body size of the animals in the exhibit. We found that exhibits of larger animals were preferred by both adults and children. Children also showed a significant preference for larger groups of mammals. Although larger animals are more expensive to maintain, as estimated from adoption costs, a cost‐adjusted measure of popularity still yielded the conclusion that larger animals are more popular, especially with children. It thus may be premature to recommend that zoos concentrate on breeding smaller species to increase their potential contribution to conservation efforts because this would probably result in their exhibits being less popular.Relación entre la Popularidad y el Tamaño Corporal en Animales de ZoológicoEn los zoológicos, los animales grandes son más caros de mantener que los animales pequeños, además de que su tasa reproductiva es más baja. En consecuencia, los zoológicos contribuyen potencialmente más a los esfuerzos de conservación al concentrar esfuerzos en especies de cuerpos pequeños; sin embargo, los zoológicos podrían perder clientela si el público prefiere ver especies de cuerpo grande. Examinamos la relación entre la popularidad de las exhibiciones de zoológicos y el tamaño corporal de las especies exhibidas. Medimos la popularidad como la proporción de gente pasando por una exhibición y que la observó por más de 10 segundos y comparamos la popularidad con el tamaño del cuerpo de los animales exhibidos. Encontramos que las exhibiciones de animales grandes son preferidas tanto por adultos como por niños. Los niños mostraron además una preferencia significativa por los grupos de mamíferos grandes. Aunque los animales grandes son más caros de mantener en base a estimaciones de costo de adopción, una medida de ajuste en el costo en base a la popularidad mostró la conclusión de que los animales más grandes seguirían siendo más populares, especialmente entre los niños. Es aún prematuro recomendar que los zoológicos se concentren en la reproducción de especies pequeñas para incrementar su potencial contribución a los esfuerzos de conservación, puesto que esto podría resultar en una pérdida en la popularidad de sus exhibiciones.
Migraine Prophylaxis: Prognostic Significance of Clinical Factors
Authors: Sacquegna T. , Baldrati A. , D'Alessandro R. , Carolis P. De , Cortelli P. , Santucci M. , Lugaresi E. 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISWe conducted a study of migraine patients under prophylactic therapy to analyse the prognostic significance of some clinical parameters at initial examination. Cases with a duration of illness under 10 years, males and greatest frequency of attacks were correlated with a better outcome.Age at onset and family history of headache had no prognostic value.
Migraine Is Not a Platelet Disorder
Authors: Steiner T.J. , Joseph Rajiv , Rose F. Clifford 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISThe platelet theory of migraine causation predicts that drugs inhibiting platelet activation will be effective in migraine prevention, but the literature indicates that this is only partly the case. Conversely, therapy achieving clinical benefit should be associated with reduced platelet activity. To test this concept, the β‐adrenergic blockers propranolol (non‐selective), metoprolol (β1‐selective) and Li‐32468 (β2‐selective) were used in migraine therapy with assessments of platelet aggregation and release, plasma thromboxane A2 (measured as thromboxane B2) and clinical response.Between propranolol and Li‐32468, there was lack of correlation of clinical with platelet effects. Propranolol and metoprolol, whose established efficacy in migraine prophylaxis was reflected here, actually had opposite effects on platelet activity, which was increased with the former and inhibited by the latter. Yet both drugs gave elevated thromboxane B2 levels.In view of this complete dissociation between drug effects on platelets of migraineurs and symptoms of migraine, the platelet theory of migraine causation is untenable.
Non Drug Treatment for Migraine Headache With Associated Raynaud's Disease
Authors: Giacovazzo M. , Romiti A. , Martelletti P. , Gallo M.F. , Romiti E. luvara , Megale G. 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISPatients presenting migraine headache associated with Raynaud's disease have been successfully treated in our clinic by using peripheral skin temperature biofeedback (BFB). The diagnosis of primary headache was established in all patients many years before Raynaud's disease appeared.We selected 15 females for this study. Subjects were taken off all medication and patients' motivation for feedback therapy was ascertained. The time sequence of the peripheral skin temperature BFB sessions was the same as the one commonly followed at the Biofeedback Unit of the University of Rome Headache Service, i.e., two sessions per week in the first month of training, one session per week in the second, and subsequently one session every two weeks for four months, The use of a Headache Rating Scale for clinically evaluating BFB treatment for the relief of migraine attacks produced objective and comparable data suitable for statistical analyses, just as did the results of cold pressor tests studied before and after BFB training for evaluating the Raynaud's disease improvement.
Effect of Withdrawal of Misused Medication on Sleep Disturbances in Migraine Sufferers With Chronic Daily Headache
Authors: Hering‐Hanit Rachel , Yavetz A. , Dagan Y. 
Published: August 2010

Objectives.—To evaluate the sleep pattern of migraineurs with chronic daily headache and to determine whether and to what degree it is improved by withdrawal of medication, and to reconfirm relief of headache by withdrawal of medications in migraineurs with chronic daily headache due to medication misuse.Background.—Misuse of ergotamine and analgesics by migraineurs is one of the causes of chronic daily headache. The latter is alleviated or abolished in these patients by abrupt withdrawal of the misused medication. In common with patients with chronic daily headache, migraineurs frequently complain of insomnia, usually verifiable by polysomnography.Methods.—Twenty‐six women with migraine, aged 18 to 49 years, with chronic daily headache due to medication misuse, voluntarily discontinued ergotamine and analgesics, and were followed at monthly intervals for 3 months. In 25 subjects, polysomnography was performed before withdrawal of medication and 3 months after withdrawal. All subjects filled out a standard sleep questionnaire on those two occasions and a daily self‐assessment questionnaire focused on headaches.Results.—After 3 months, a significant decrease in mean headache frequency (P<.001) and intensity (P<.001) was demonstrated. Polysomnography performed 3 months after medication withdrawal showed significant improvement in total sleep time (P<.05), sleep efficiency (P<.05), and number of arousals (P<.001). The score of the sleep questionnaire was also significantly improved (P<.01).Conclusions.—In migraineurs with chronic daily headache due to medication misuse, withdrawal of the misused medications alleviates the associated sleep disturbance along with diminution in frequency and intensity of chronic daily headache.
Chronic Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Migraine: A Case‐Control Study
Authors: Pinessi Lorenzo , Savi Lidia , Pellicano Rinaldo , Rainero Innocenzo , Valfrè Walter , Gentile Salvatore , Cossotto Donatella , Rizzetto Mario , Ponzetto Antonio 
Published: August 2010

Objective.—To determine whether chronic Helicobacter pylori infection is a risk factor for migraine.Background.—Preliminary studies have shown a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with primary headaches.Methods.—One hundred three consecutive patients with migraine were enrolled in the study and compared with a group of 103 matched controls. Helicobacter pylori infection was diagnosed by means of both 13C‐urea breath test and serology.Results.—Of patients with migraine, 30.1% were positive for Helicobacter pylori, compared with 31.1% of controls (P = NS). The odds ratio for migraine associated with chronic Helicobacter pylori infection was 0.96 (95% confidence interval, 0.51 to 1.80). Demographic, clinical, and psychological characteristics of Helicobacter pylori‐positive migraineurs were compared with those of migrainous patients without infection. Helicobacter pylori‐positive patients had a significantly (P<.05) lower incidence of food sensitivity than Helicobacter pylori‐negative patients. No significant difference was found in any other feature examined.Conclusions.—Our study suggests that chronic Helicobacter pylori infection is not more frequent in patients with migraine than in controls and that infection does not modify clinical features of the disease.
Traumatic Stressors and Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Headache Patients
Authors: De Leeuw Reny , Schmidt John E. , Carlson Charles R. 
Published: August 2010

Objective.—The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of significant traumatic stressors and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a headache population.Background.—Several recent publications have emphasized the relationship between life stressors and/or daily hassles and recurrent headaches. However, little is known about the prevalence and impact of major traumatic stressors in patients with recurrent headaches.Methods.—Eighty patients with either migraine or tension‐type headache completed a PTSD checklist. Data were compared with those from patients with chronic masticatory muscle pain of similar intensity and duration.Results.—Almost 64% of the headache patients reported one or more major traumatic stressors. This percentage was not significantly different from that of the comparison group, and fell within the broad range reported for exposure to traumatic stressors in epidemiologic studies with nonpatient populations. One out of 6 patients in the total headache sample, and 1 out of 4 of those reporting a traumatic stressor, reported symptoms suggestive of current PTSD. The prevalence of current PTSD‐like symptomatology reported by the headache patients was comparable to that of the comparison group of the present study, but higher than that reported for the general population in the available literature printed in English. Traumatic stressors most often reported were not related to direct physical trauma, but rather associated with loss or serious illness of a loved one.Conclusion.—Exposure to traumatic events in patients with a primary diagnosis of recurrent headaches is similar to that reported for chronic masticatory muscle pain patients or nonpatient populations. However, symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of current PTSD appear to be more frequent in patients with recurrent headaches than reported in the scientific literature printed in English for nonpatient populations. Screening for PTSD symptomatology is recommended as part of the routine clinical evaluation of headache.
Treatment of Headaches in the ED With Lower Cervical Intramuscular Bupivacaine Injections: A 1‐Year Retrospective Review of 417 Patients
Authors: Mellick Larry B. , McIlrath S. Timothy , Mellick Gary A. 
Published: August 2010

Objective.—The primary objective of this retrospective chart review is to describe 1 year's experience of an academic emergency department (ED) in treating a wide spectrum of headache classifications with intramuscular injections of 0.5% bupivacaine bilateral to the spinous process of the lower cervical vertebrae.Background.—Headache is a common reason that patients present to an ED. While there are a number of effective therapeutic interventions available for the management of headache pain, there clearly remains a need for other treatment options. The intramuscular injection of 1.5 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine bilateral to the sixth or seventh cervical vertebrae has been used to treat headache pain in our facility since July 2002. The clinical setting for the study was an academic ED with an annual volume of over 75,000 patients.Methods.—We performed a retrospective review of over 2805 ED patients with the discharge diagnosis of headache and over 771 patients who were coded as having had an anesthetic injection between June 30, 2003 and July 1, 2004. All adult patients who had undergone paraspinous intramuscular injection with bupivacaine for the treatment of their headache were gleaned from these 2 larger databases and were included in this retrospective chart review. A systematic review of the medical records was accomplished for these patients.Results.—Lower cervical paraspinous intramuscular injections with bupivacaine were performed in 417 patients. Complete headache relief occurred in 271 (65.1%) and partial headache relief in 85 patients (20.4%). No significant relief was reported in 57 patients (13.7%) and headache worsening was described in 4 patients (1%). Overall a therapeutic response was reported in 356 of 417 patients (85.4%). Headache relief was typically rapid with many patients reporting complete headache relief in 5 to 10 minutes. Associated signs and symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, photophobia, phonophobia, and allodynia were also commonly relieved.Conclusion.—Our observations suggest that the intramuscular injection of small amounts of 0.5% bupivacaine bilateral to the sixth or seventh cervical spinous process appears to be an effective therapeutic intervention for the treatment of headache pain in the outpatient setting.
Acute and Interictal Allodynia in Patients With Different Headache Forms: An Italian Pilot Study
Authors: Lovati Carlo , D'Amico Domenico , Bertora Pierluigi , Rosa Silvia , Suardelli Massimo , Mailland Enrico , Mariani Claudio , Bussone Genaro 
Published: August 2010

Objective.— To investigate allodynia in patients with different primary headaches.Background.— Many migraineurs have allodynia during headache attacks; some may have allodynia outside attacks; allodynia may also be associated with other primary headaches.Methods.— A total of 260 consecutive primary headache patients presenting for the first time at a headache center, and 23 nonheadache controls answered written questions (subsequently repeated verbally) to determine the presence of acute and interictal allodynia.Results.— We divided the patients into: episodic migraine (N = 177), subdivided into only migraine without aura (N = 114) and those sometimes or always reporting migraine with aura (N = 63); episodic tension‐type headache (N = 28); chronic headaches (headache ≥15 days/month, N = 52), including chronic migraine, chronic tension‐type headache, and medication‐overuse headache; and other headache forms (N = 3). Acute allodynia was present in 132 (50.7%), significantly more often in patients sometimes or always suffering migraine with aura, and those with chronic headache forms, compared to patients with migraine without aura and episodic tension‐type headache. Interictal allodynia was present in 63 (24.2%) patients, with significantly higher frequency in those having migraine with aura attacks than controls and common migraine patients.Conclusions.— Allodynia is not specific to migraine but is frequent in all headache patients: acute allodynia was reported in half those interviewed and in over a third of patients in each headache category; interictal allodynia was reported by nearly 25%.
Ropinirole, a Non‐Ergoline Dopamine Agonist
Authors: Jost Wolfgang H. , Angersbach Dieter 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTDopamine agonists have become indispensable in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. In every‐day practice, however, the decision to select the best compound for an individual patient is rendered difficult because of the large number of substances available on the market. This review article provides a closer look at the experimental and clinical studies with ropinirole published so far.Ropinirole is a non‐ergoline dopamine agonist which has been proven to be effective in both, monotherapy and combination therapy of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. In addition to ameliorating bradykinesia, rigor, and tremor, ropinirole facilitates the daily life and improves depressive moods of patients with Parkinson's disease. The long‐term complications of levodopa are avoided, and problems commonly associated with levodopa treatment are reduced. Ropinirole appears to have a neuroprotective effect. In addition to Parkinson's disease, ropinirole has also been used successfully in the treatment of restless legs syndrome.
Blood group genotyping by high‐throughput DNA analysis applied to 356 reagent red blood cell samples
Authors: Kappler‐Gratias Sandrine , Peyrard Thierry , Beolet Marylise , Amiranoff Denise , Menanteau Cécile , Dubeaux Isabelle , Rouger Philippe , Cartron Jean‐Pierre , Pennec Pierre‐Yves Le , Pham Bach‐Nga 
Published: August 2010

BACKGROUND: DNA analysis for the prediction of blood group antigen expression has broad implications in transfusion medicine. It may be of particular interest especially to detect variants, when antigen expression is weak or altered. The use of high‐throughput DNA analysis has never been applied to donors whose red blood cells (RBCs) are selected for reagent RBCs. The aim of this study was to analyze the concordance between the serologic phenotype and that predicted from DNA analysis in panel donors, to determine the benefit of the use of DNA analysis in reagent RBC selection strategy.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The “Panel National de Référence du Centre National de Référence sur les Groupes Sanguins” is a reference reagent mainly used for antibody identification. DNA genotyping of 356 panel donors was performed with BeadChips (human erythrocyte antigen v1.2 BeadChips, BioArray Solutions). The comparison between serologic phenotype and that predicted from DNA analysis held on 8876 paired results obtained from 10 blood group systems and 25 antigens.RESULTS: A 99.95% concordance was observed. Discrepancies in four cases (RH, KEL, LU, and DO systems) were analyzed. Genotyping precisions on the Duffy system were of particular interest. No new rare blood group was observed.CONCLUSION: Systematic DNA analysis of panel donors should unquestionably change the management of reagent RBC selection. The notion of “antigens in double dose” should evolve regarding data obtained from DNA analysis, allowing an improved quality of reagent RBCs for antibody screening and identification.
Explaining Free Trade: Mexico, 1985–1988
Authors: Cronin Patrick 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis study examines Mexico's unilateral trade liberalization experience from 1985 to 1988. It traces the origins of policy change to officials in the Central Bank, who took advantage of periodic economic crises to pursue their agenda. Opposing them were bureaucrats tied to an industrial sector that also objected to substantial trade liberalization. Mexico's institutional structures influenced the balance of bargaining power as reform supporters and opponents bitterly fought to define the scope, depth, and timing of the implementation process. Successful implementation led to the emergence of business interests in favor of free trade—interests that would provide crucial backing for the North American Free Trade Agreement.