bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening for an oil‐removing microorganism and oil removal from waste silk by pure culture fermentation
Authors: Yang Xuexia , Cao Zhangjun , Lao Jihong , Deng Yunxia , Chen Hui 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe presence of oil is the major limitation to the regeneration of spun silk from waste silk. A pure culture fermentation process was developed to remove oil from waste silk. Fourteen strains were isolated from natural fermentation liquor of waste silk. The strain D3 showed highest lipase activity and oil‐removing ability. This strain was identified as Rhodococcus sp. on the basis of morphological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The strain D3 was used to remove oil from waste silk by pure culture fermentation. The effects of various parameters on oil removal were investigated. A pH of 7.0, a temperature of 35–40°C, an incubation time of three days and an inoculum of 10% were optimum conditions for removing oil from waste silk by stain D3. This study shows that pure culture fermentation is a promising process to improve the oil removal of waste silk.
Online optical detection of food contaminants in microdroplets
Authors: Schemberg Jörg , Grodrian Andreas , Römer Robert , Gastrock Gunter , Lemke Karen 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTo accommodate the considerable increase of disease based on microbial food contaminants in the last decade, a modulated, fast optical fluorescence detection combined with microdevices is created. This method, which consists of five different steps, first selects contaminants, mainly bacteria, in the food matrix. This process is based on a biomagnetic separation technique developed by our collaborators at the Technical University of Dresden. By the steps of binding antibody functionalized magnetic beads and fluorescent capsules on the target cell, a magnetic bead‐target cell‐microcapsule complex (MTM) is generated. The well‐established pipe‐based bioreactors (pbb) platform enables the generation of droplets with a volume between 60 and 160 nL and the detection of the target cell with an integrated microscopic and spectroscopic detection system. The module used for generating droplets is based on the segmented flow principle and is chip‐ or probe‐based. In this context, the successful use of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a cost‐effective alternative to the well‐established glass‐chips is introduced. To quantify the detection based on a yes‐ or no‐decision, the most important step is to separate one MTM‐complex per droplet. This equalized the quantity of the fluorescent signals with the quantity of the contaminants in the cell sample. The feasibility of microscopic and spectroscopic detection with only one fluorescent capsule per droplet is shown. Also the first results of a special prototyping optical detection set‐up that is already in an advanced stage of development, will be presented. This easy‐to‐use device implemented a software‐controlled, automatic documentation for every fluorescent signal of a droplet to guarantee the quality control. Here are the advantages of an integration of microdevices in a rapid detection of food pathogens presented. Obviously, the modular set‐up of this detection platform enables a wide range of high‐throughput applications.
Contributions to the pollen morphology of Tribe Cardueae (Cichorioideae‐Compositae)
Authors: Osman A. K. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPollen morphology of fifty nine species representing seventeen genera of tribe Cardueae (Cichorioideae‐Compositae) was investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy. Generally the investigated pollen grains are 3‐zonocolporate to 3‐zonocolpororate rarely 4‐zonocolpororate while there are shapes commonly oblate‐spheroidal to suboblate, with some prolate‐spheroidal to subprolate pollen. Four pollen types were recognized: Onopordum pollen type, Notobasis pollen type, Carthamus pollen type and Carlina pollen type. Descriptions, a key, plus LM and SEM are given. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Scanning electron microscope characters and their systematic significance within Medicago L. sect. Dendrotelis (Fabaceae: Trifolieae)
Authors: Juan A. , Crespo M. B. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA morphological study of Medicago sect. Dendrotelis was undertaken by using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Upper and lower surface of leaves, stomata, surface of wings, exine and number of apertures of pollen and seed testa, show remarkable characters for distinguishing among taxa. The western Mediterranean endemism M. citrina is characterized by unique features related to pollen (4‐zonocolporate), surface of the upper basal and lower distal parts wing, and testa seed (reticules quite apparent). With regard to M. strasseri, the morphology of leaf cells, upper and lower distal part of wings and seed testa were useful for characterization. On the contrary, M. arborea shared most of characters with M. citrina (e.g. surface of leaves) or M. strasseri (e.g. pollen apertures), excepting the micromorphology of certain part of wings. Among all the studied characters, the surface of wings was found noticeable to characterize each taxa of Medicago sect. Dendrotelis. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Beiträge zur Pilzflora von Mecklenburg‐Vorpommern und Nordbrandenburg (Deutschland) 7. Folge
Authors: Kreisel H. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractContributions to the Fungus Flora of Mecklenburg‐Vorpommern and northern Brandenburg (Germany), part 7From the regions Mecklenburg‐Vorpommern and northern Brandenburg (northeastern Germany) new records of 112 species of macromycetes and phytoparasitic fungi are communicated. Several taxa are first recorded for this area. The distribution of 12 of the mentioned species is shown on grid maps. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Taxonomic status of Gymnadenia orchidis Lindl. var. pantlingii Renz (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Maity D. , Pradhan N. , Mukherjee S. Kr. , Maiti G. G. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractGymnadenia orchidis Lindl. var. pantlingii Renz is treated as synonym under the typical one. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Allium oreotadzhikorum and Allium vallivanchense, two new species of Allium subg. Polyprason (Alliaceae) from the Central Asian republic Tajikistan
Authors: Fritsch R. M. , Friesen N. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTwo new Allium species were collected in the Vanch and Darvaz mountain ranges of western Pamir area. Despite inflorescence and flowers of A. vallivanchense R.M.Fritsch & N.Friesen sp. nova are similar to A. hymenorrhizum, the new species shows a widely extended (not clustered) growth form, fiber‐like decomposing to reticulate (not strip‐like) bulb tunics, shorter and finally somewhat pending (not strictly upright) leaf blades, relatively shorter leaf sheathes, narrow (inner ones bidentate) filaments, and narrower and mucronate (not obtuse) tepals. The flower characters agree well to other taxa of sect. Falcatifolia, but the leaf and bulb characters disagree. Preliminary molecular investigations using ITS as well as rbc L‐atp B sequences pointed to a position as sister group of sect. Campanulata. The latter section owns dissimilar characters of inflorescences and flowers. Therefore affiliation of A. vallivanchense to sect. Falcatifolia seems the better solution currently.Allium oreotadzhikorum R.M.Fritsch sp. nova belongs to the taxonomically unclear alliance of A. talassicum sensu Vved. (sect. Oreiprason) and is characterized by violet (not whitish) filaments, and cylindrical (not semi‐cylindrical), coarse leaves becoming tubular only when withering. The taxonomically probably incorrect application of the name A. talassicum Regel by Vvedensky is discussed. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Selective populations of hippocampal interneurons express ErbB4 and their number and distribution is altered in ErbB4 knockout mice
Authors: Neddens Jörg , Buonanno Andrés 
Published: August 2009

AbstractNeuregulins (NRGs) are ligands of ErbB receptor tyrosine kinases. The NRG1‐ErbB4 pathway has been shown to modulate hippocampal synaptic plasticity and network oscillations in the adult rodent brain. To identify cells that mediate these effects, here we determine the expression pattern of ErbB4 in four functionally distinct classes of interneurons that represent the majority of all inhibitory neurons in the adult hippocampus. On the basis of data from nine mice and 25,000 cells, we show that ErbB4 is expressed in cells that are positive for cholecystokinin (CCK, 54%), parvalbumin (PV, 42%), or neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS, 39%) in a layer‐specific and region‐specific manner, whereas cells expressing somatostatin (SOM) are rarely immunoreactive for ErbB4 (1%). We next compared the numerical density (cells/mm3) and the distribution of interneurons between ErbB4−/− mice and wildtype controls. Based on data from 25 mice and 56,000 cells, we detected reductions of PV‐positive and nNOS‐positive cells in knockouts (−24% and −27%, respectively) but only a minor reduction of CCK‐positive cells; no changes in SOM‐positive cells were observed. The overall reduction of interneurons was verified by quantification of GAD67‐immunoreactive cells (−24% in ErbB4−/− mice). The reduction of interneurons along the dorsoventral axis was more severe in intermediate and ventral portions than in the dorsal hippocampus, and regional reductions occurred in the CA1–3 regions and subiculum, whereas we found no significant changes in the dentate gyrus (DG). The expression by different populations of interneurons suggests that ErbB4 can modulate several microcircuits within the hippocampus and mediate the previously reported effects of NRG1 on network oscillations and synaptic plasticity. The selective reduction of GABAergic cells in ErbB4−/− mice is consistent with the role of NRG‐ErbB4 signaling in the generation and migration of interneurons during development, and with neuronal and behavioral functional deficits in adult ErbB4 knockouts. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stereological estimation of numerical densities of glutamatergic principal neurons in the mouse hippocampus
Authors: Jinno Shozo , Kosaka Toshio 
Published: August 2009

AbstractRecent studies have emphasized functional dissociations between dorsal and ventral hippocampus in learning, emotion, and affect. A rigorous quantitative analysis concerning lamellar cytoarchitecture would be important for promoting further research on the regional differentiation of the hippocampus. Here, we stereologically estimated the numerical densities (NDs) of glutamatergic principal neurons in the mouse hippocampus and encountered the significant differences along the dorsoventral axis. In the CA1 region, the NDs of CA1 pyramidal neurons were almost three times higher at the dorsal level (447.5 × 103/mm3) than at the ventral level (180.5 × 103/mm3); meanwhile, along the transverse axis, the NDs were significantly higher in the proximal portion than in the distal portion both at the dorsal and ventral levels. An EF‐hand calcium‐binding protein, calbindin D28K, was expressed in ∼45% of CA1 pyramidal neurons both at the dorsal and ventral level. In the CA3 region, there were no significant differences in the NDs along the dorsoventral and transverse axes (dorsal, 165.2 × 103/mm3; ventral, 172.4 × 103/mm3). In the dentate gyrus (DG), the NDs of granule cells were significantly higher at the dorsal level (916.7 × 103/mm3) than at the ventral level (788.9 × 103/mm3). The significant differences were observed only in the suprapyramidal blade, but not in the infrapyramidal blade. Then, we calculated the total neuron numbers contained in a 300‐μm‐thick hypothetical transverse slice of the hippocampus and found that the ratios of GABAergic to glutamatergic neuron numbers were two to three times higher in the ventral slice than in the dorsal slice. The ratios of numbers of eight GABAergic neuron subtypes to principal cells indicate structural dissociations in the neural network between dorsal and ventral slices. These findings provide an essential quantitative basis for elucidating mechanisms of distinct neural circuits underlying various hippocampal functions. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A review of the suspended sediment budget at the confluence of the Paraná and Paraguay Rivers
Authors: Amsler Mario L. , Drago Edmundo C. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this paper, the sediment budget at the confluence of the Paraná–Paraguay Rivers is updated on the basis of new suspended sediment concentration data, obtained during the 1990s at carefully located cross‐sections, after the construction of several large reservoirs. With these data, it was possible to estimate that the suspended sediment load transported by the Upper Paraná River had decreased by 60% due to the influence of the dams. This decrease occurred in spite of the influence of climate change across the Upper Paraná and Paraguay basin, which increased the precipitation and surface runoff. As a consequence of these anthropogenic and natural processes, the Bermejo River (the main source of wash load to the system) accounts for an increasing proportion of the sediment transport along the middle and lower reaches of the Paraná River. The Paraná River currently transports about 120 × 106 t year−1 of wash load, with nearly 90% of this being supplied by the Bermejo. The contribution from the Bermejo is now about 35% larger than its contribution during the 1970s, when it accounted for approximately 60% of the sediment load of the Paraná River. These changes that have occurred over the last 30 years have enhanced the natural asymmetrical distribution of solid and water discharges in the Paraná River basin. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
River flow modelling in two large river basins with non‐stationary behaviour: the Paraná and the Niger
Authors: Conway Declan , Mahé Gil 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA conceptual water balance model is applied in a distributed structure to model monthly river flow in tributaries of two very large river systems which exhibit non‐stationary behaviour, the Paraná in South America and the Niger in West Africa. The approach utilises global data sets of rainfall and potential evaporation (PE) time series and soil available water capacity at 0·5 degree latitude and longitude resolution. River flow data for tributaries ranging in size from 631 to 71 510 km2 for the period 1931–1990 (Paraná) and 1950–1989 (Niger) are used to calibrate and validate the model. The results show varying degrees of model performance during both the calibration and validation procedure. The analysis highlights some interesting issues pertaining to the development and application of water balance models such as sensitivity of model performance and parameter values to input data sets, particularly the method chosen to estimate PE. The paper ends with an analysis of prolonged fluctuation in flow characteristics exhibited by both rivers after the early 1970s, associated with fluctuation in rainfall regime and possibly change in land use or land cover. Between 1931–1971 and 1972–1990 Paraná river flows increased by ∼28% (rainfall increase ∼5%) and between 1950–1969 and 1970–1989 Niger river flows decreased by ∼34% (rainfall decrease ∼14%). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sonographic features of acute colonic diverticulitis
Authors: Valentino Massimo , Serra Carla , Ansaloni Luca , Mantovani Giuseppe , Pavlica Pietro , Barozzi Libero 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAcute colonic diverticulitis is a common cause of acute abdominal symptoms, especially in elderly patients. Sonography is frequently used as the initial imaging modality because of its ready availability. This pictorial essay aims to provide an overview of the sonographic features of acute colonic diverticulitis and of the more common differential diagnosis. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 2009
Ileocolocolic intussusception secondary to a submucosal lipoma: An unusual cause of intermittent abdominal pain in a 62‐year‐old woman
Authors: Kuzmich Siarhei , Connelly James P. , Howlett David C. , Kuzmich Tatsiana , Basit Rizwan , Doctor Cyrus 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe present a case of subacute nonobstructing ileocolocolic intussusception secondary to a submucosal lipoma and a mobile cecum diagnosed sonographically in a 62‐year‐old woman. The patient was seen following a 2‐month history of nonspecific intermittent pain in the right and middle abdomen and weight loss. Sonography revealed ongoing intussusception involving distal ascending and transverse colon. Analysis of the distal intussusception end demonstrated a 3.0 × 2.5 cm echogenic polypoid lesion consistent with a lipoma serving as a lead point. The sonographic diagnosis was confirmed at surgery. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2010.
Effect of loading on the organization of the collagen fibril network in juvenile equine articular cartilage
Authors: Brama Pieter A.J. , Holopainen Jaakko , van Weeren P. René , Firth Elwyn C. , Helminen Heikki J. , Hyttinen Mika M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe investigated the effects of exercise‐induced loading on the collagen network of equine articular cartilage. Collagen fibril architecture at a site (1) subjected to intermittent high‐intensity loading was compared with that of an adjacent site (2) sustaining continuous low‐level load. From horses exposed to forced exercise (CONDEX group) or not (PASTEX group), the spatial parallelism of fibrils and the orientation angle between fibrils and the surface at depths 9 µm apart through cartilage from surface to tidemark were determined using polarized light microscopy, and expressed as parallelism index (PI) and orientation index (OI). PI was significantly higher in site 2 than 1 in CONDEX and PASTEX groups. PI was significantly higher in forced exercised horses at site 2 but not site 1. OI was significantly greater (more perpendicular to the surface) in the superficial and deep cartilage of site 2 than 1 in both CONDEX and PASTEX groups. Superficial zone OI was higher in exercised horses at site 1 but not at site 2. Exercise increased collagen parallelism and affected orientation. The site differences in OI indicate that Benninghoff's classic predominantly perpendicular arcades appear not to be a consistent architectural feature, but adapt to local forces sustained. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Meniscus structure in human, sheep, and rabbit for animal models of meniscus repair
Authors: Chevrier Anik , Nelea Monica , Hurtig Mark B. , Hoemann Caroline D. , Buschmann Michael D. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMeniscus injury is a frequently encountered clinical orthopedic issue and is epidemiologically correlated to osteoarthritis. The development of new treatments for meniscus injury is intimately related to the appropriateness of animal models for their investigation. The purpose of this study was to structurally compare human menisci to sheep and rabbit menisci to generate pertinent animal models for meniscus repair. Menisci were analyzed histologically, immunohistochemically, and by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). In all species, collagen I appeared throughout most menisci, but was absent from the inner portion of the tip in some samples. Collagen II was present throughout the inner main meniscal body, while collagen VI was found in pericellular and perivascular regions. The glycosaminoglycan‐rich inner portion of menisci was greater in area for rabbit and sheep compared to human. Cells were rounded in central regions and more fusiform at the surface, with rabbit being more cellular than sheep and human. Vascular penetration in rabbit was confined to the very outermost region (1% of meniscus length), while vessels penetrated deeper into sheep and human menisci (11–15%). ESEM revealed a lamellar collagenous structure at the articulating surfaces of sheep and human menisci that was absent in rabbit. Taken together, these data suggest that the main structural features that will influence meniscus repair—cellularity, vascularity, collagen structure—are similar in sheep and human but significantly different in rabbit, motivating the development of ovine meniscus repair models. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Preparative separation of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin from Capsicum frutescens by high‐speed counter‐current chromatography
Authors: Peng Aihua , Ye Haoyu , Li Xia , Chen Lijuan 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCapsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin are two main bioactive components of Capsicum frutescens and are widely used as food additives and drugs in China and India. Due to their similarity in structures, isolation of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin with traditional methods such as silica gel column chromatography, normal‐phase thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) becomes difficult. This study involves separating capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin with sufficient purity and recovery using high‐speed counter‐current chromatography (HSCCC) with a solvent system composed of n‐hexane–ethyl acetate–methanol–water–acetic acid (20:20:20:20:2, v/v/v/v/v). Separation parameters such as sample volume, and sample concentration were first optimized on analytical HSCCC, and then scaled up to preparative HSCCC. 0.65 g capsaicin and 0.28 g dihydrocapsaicin were obtained from 1.2 g crude extract and their purities were 98.5 and 97.8%, respectively. The recoveries of the two compounds were 86.3 and 85.4%, respectively. The purity of the isolated compounds was analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and their structures were identified by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and 13C NMR analysis.
Extraction, separation, and fluorometric analysis of selected environmental contaminants
Authors: Walworth Matthew J. , Connatser R. Maggie , Sepaniak Michael J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTeratogenic, carcinogenic, and pervasive endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in suspect water systems present an immediate threat to both the environment and potable water supplies. The US Environmental Protection Agency mandated research regarding suspect EDCs, personal care products, and pesticide pollution requires the use of suitable methods of analysis that can perform extraordinarily well in the field and show low “cost to benefit” ratios. Such methods must increasingly address the need for enhanced sensitivity and selectivity in interrogating complex mixtures. Here, several device and method optimization strategies, specific for these classes of compounds, are discussed and include, among others, the preconcentration of field samples utilizing high performance extraction disk cartridges. Matrix interferences and undetectable concentration levels are eliminated by the way of an RP extraction technique that is vital to obtaining detectable concentrations of target analytes in the ppb range. Established capillary EKC methods are modified and implemented on a short capillary for low nanoliter discrete injections, efficient separations, and detection with LIF of analyte mixtures. Efficient separations were achieved with plate counts ranging from 103 to 104. Analytes spiked into real sample matrices at ppb levels were easily separated and detected via LIF using a He/Cd laser operating at 325 nm. The presented techniques are valuable in determining both the presence and concentration of suspect contaminates in different water systems. The methods presented here could easily be extended to microfluidic platforms with little to no optimization for on‐site testing.