bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic extraperitoneal para‐aortic lymphadenectomy in locally advanced cervical cancer1
Authors: Ramirez Pedro T. , Jhingran Anuja , Macapinlac Homer A. , Euscher Elizabeth D. , Munsell Mark F. , Coleman Robert L. , Soliman Pamela T. , Schmeler Kathleen M. , Frumovitz Michael , Ramondetta Lois M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Failure to detect metastasis to para‐aortic nodes in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer leads to suboptimal treatment. No previous studies have prospectively compared positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) with laparoscopic extraperitoneal staging in the evaluation of para‐aortic lymph nodes.METHODS:Sixty‐five patients were enrolled; 60 were available for analysis. Patients with stage IB2‐IVA cervical cancer without evidence of para‐aortic lymphadenopathy on preoperative CT or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were prospectively enrolled. All patients underwent preoperative PET/CT. Laparoscopic extraperitoneal lymphadenectomy was performed from the common iliac vessels to the left renal vein.RESULTS:The median age at diagnosis was 48 years (range, 23‐84). The median operative time was 140 minutes (range, 89‐252). The median blood loss was 22.5 mL (range, 5‐150). The median length of hospital stay was 1 day (range, 0‐4). The median number of lymph nodes retrieved was 11 (range, 1‐39). Fourteen (23%) patients had histopathologically positive para‐aortic nodes. Of the 26 patients with negative pelvic and para‐aortic nodes on PET/CT, 3 (12%) had histopathologically positive para‐aortic nodes. Of the 27 patients with positive pelvic but negative para‐aortic nodes on PET/CT, 6 (22%) had histopathologically positive para‐aortic nodes. The sensitivity and specificity of PET/CT in detecting positive para‐aortic nodes when nodes were negative on CT or MRI were 36% and 96%, respectively. Eleven (18.3%) patients had a treatment modification based on surgical findings.CONCLUSIONS:Laparoscopic extraperitoneal para‐aortic lymphadenectomy is safe and feasible. Surgical staging of patients with locally advanced cervical cancer should be considered before planned radiation and chemotherapy. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Local control, survival, and late toxicities of locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated by simultaneous modulated accelerated radiotherapy combined with cisplatin concurrent chemotherapy
Authors: Xiao Wei‐Wei , Huang Shao‐Min , Han Fei , Wu Shao‐Xiong , Lu Li‐Xia , Lin Cheng‐Guang , Deng Xiao‐Wu , Lu Tai‐Xiang , Cui Nian‐Ji , Zhao Chong 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The aim of this phase 2 study was to determine the long‐term local control, survival, and late toxicities among patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with the simultaneous modulated accelerated radiation therapy (SMART) boost technique and concurrent chemotherapy.METHODS:Eighty‐one patients with pathologically diagnosed locally advanced NPC were enrolled in this study. IMRT was delivered with the SMART boost technique at prescribed doses of 68 grays (Gy)/30 fraction to the nasopharynx gross target volume. Concurrent cisplatin chemotherapy (80 mg/m2/d on Days 1 and 22) was administered.RESULTS:The mean actual physical dose delivered to the nasopharynx gross target volume was 73.8 Gy, and the mean biologically effective dose (BED) for the nasopharynx gross target volume was 84.8 Gy. With a median follow‐up of 54 months, 4 (4.9%) patients experienced local recurrence. The 5‐year local control rate was 94.9%. Eighteen patients died. Among them, 66.7% died of distant metastasis. The 5‐year disease‐free and overall survivals were 76.7% and 74.5%, respectively. The most common late toxicities among 68 patients with ≥4 years follow‐up were grade 1‐2 xerostomia, hearing loss, skin dystrophy, and subcutaneous fibrosis. No grade 4 late toxicities were noted.CONCLUSIONS:IMRT with SMART to enhance BED and concurrent chemotherapy is feasible in patients with locally advanced NPC. Long‐term results showed excellent local control with fewer late toxicities, although no further improvement was noted in overall survival, and the major cause of death was distant metastasis. Exploration of more effective combined chemoradiation strategies is warranted. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Expression of glutamate and inhibitory amino acid vesicular transporters in the rodent auditory brainstem
Authors: Ito Tetsufumi , Bishop Deborah C. , Oliver Douglas L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractGlutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the auditory system, but associations between glutamatergic neuronal populations and the distribution of their synaptic terminations have been difficult. Different subsets of glutamatergic terminals employ one of three vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUT) to load synaptic vesicles. Recently, VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 terminals were found to have different patterns of organization in the inferior colliculus, suggesting that there are different types of glutamatergic neurons in the brainstem auditory system with projections to the colliculus. To positively identify VGLUT‐expressing neurons as well as inhibitory neurons in the auditory brainstem, we used in situ hybridization to identify the mRNA for VGLUT1, VGLUT2, and VIAAT (the vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter used by GABAergic and glycinergic terminals). Similar expression patterns were found in subsets of glutamatergic and inhibitory neurons in the auditory brainstem and thalamus of adult rats and mice. Four patterns of gene expression were seen in individual neurons. 1) VGLUT2 expressed alone was the prevalent pattern. 2) VGLUT1 coexpressed with VGLUT2 was seen in scattered neurons in most nuclei but was common in the medial geniculate body and ventral cochlear nucleus. 3) VGLUT1 expressed alone was found only in granule cells. 4) VIAAT expression was common in most nuclei but dominated in some. These data show that the expression of the VGLUT1/2 and VIAAT genes can identify different subsets of auditory neurons. This may facilitate the identification of different components in auditory circuits. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:316‐340, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
2D Measurement of Edge Plasma Dynamics by Using High‐Speed Camera Based on HeI Line Intensity Ratio Method
Authors: Ohno N. , Miyamoto K. , Kodama K. , Kajita S. , Kitagawa K. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn order to investigate dynamic plasma behaviors in scrape‐off layer (SOL) regions, such as ELMs and plasma blobs, we have developed a 4‐channel high‐speed camera equipped with four interference filters to obtain 2D successive images of spectral intensity of He I emission lines at 667.8 nm, 706.5 nm and 728.1 nm in addition to HeII at 656.0 nm. By using calculated results based on a Collisional Radiative (CR) model for He, the intensity ratios of the He I lines (728.1/706.5 and 667.8/706.5), provides 2D distributions of the electron temperature and density. The 2D profiles of electron density and temperature reconstructed from 2D images of He I emission lines taken in a small tokamak, HYBTOK‐II were compared with those measured with the triple probe in order to evaluate the accuracy of this diagnostics. Electron density and temperature measured with the 4‐channel high‐speed camera are in good agreement with those obtained with the triple probe (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Excitation Mechanisms and Sheath Dynamics in Capacitively Coupled Radio‐Frequency Oxygen Plasmas
Authors: Dittmann K. , Matyash K. , Nemschokmichal S. , Meichsner J. , Schneider R. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPhase resolved optical emission spectroscopy (PROES) was used to determine the spatio‐temporal behavior of excitation rates in rf sheaths of capacitively coupled plasmas at 13.56 MHz. The plasmas were ignited in pure oxygen at pressures from 20 to 100 Pa and rf powers from 10 to 100 W. The spatial and phase resolved excitation rates have shown four characteristic patterns, which differing in their spatial and temporal position.PIC‐MCC simulations of the oxygen capacitively coupled radio‐frequency discharge were used to get a detailed microscopic description of the dynamic processes in rf plasmas. The PIC‐MCC simulations reproduced the excitation patterns observed in experiment quite well and allowed to identify the underlying physics.Three excitation patterns appearing in front of the powered electrode were found tobe due to electron impact dissociative excitation of molecular Oxygen, whereas the fourth pattern very close to the powered electrode is attributed to collisions of the positive ions with the background gas (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Progress in the Theory of Dense Strongly Coupled Plasmas
Authors: Redmer R. , Röpke G. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe report the great progress in the physics of dense strongly coupled plasmas that has been achieved over the past decade. Driven by ambitious inertial confinement fusion programs worldwide, matter at unprecedented high energy densities is generated and studied at various research facilities. Furthermore, progress in computational capacity has allowed to apply ab initio methods to strongly coupled systems so that a better understanding of the complex interplay between quantum and correlation effects is possible. However, despite this great progress many problems in the theory of dense strongly coupled plasmas have not been solved yet and new challenges in the theoretical treatment of many‐particle systems have appeared. We discuss these problems and possible approaches. Since progress in analytical methods can still be accomplished, and computational methods allow to evaluate basic expressions for a broad parameter domain, a combination of both methods gives presently an optimal approach to thermodynamic and transport properties of dense strongly coupled plasmas. This will have a strong impact on technical applications such as the diagnostics of inertial confinement fusion plasmas via Thomson scattering and other spectroscopic methods, but is also of paramount importance in astrophysics when modeling the interior of solar and extrasolar giant planets as well as other compact objects (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hydrocarbon Collision Cross Sections for Magnetic Fusion: The Methane, Ethane and Propane Families
Authors: Reiter D. , Janev R. K. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractKinetic analysis of the behaviour of hydrocarbons in fusion plasmas requires knowledge of cross sections for their most relevant collision processes. Upgrades and extensions of the commonly used HYDKIN (HYDride KINetics) online cross section database (based on compilations in 2002) and its data analysis toolbox for collisions of hydrocarbons with electrons and protons in relevant fusion plasma conditions are presented. Newly identified channels for dissociative recombination provide strongly reduced D/XB ratios for Gerd‐Band spectroscopy at low temperatures compared to earlier results, in accordance with experimental findings (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Proteomic identification and comparative analysis of asymmetrically arginine‐methylated proteins in immortalized, young and senescent cells
Authors: Lim Yongchul , Hong Eunyoung , Kwon Daeho , Lee Eunil 
Published: November 2010

AbstractProtein‐arginine methylation is one of the modifications that yields mono and dimethyl (asymmetric or symmetric) arginine residues in proteins. Previously, we found that asymmetric arginine methylation is decreased proportionately with a decrease of cell proliferation potential of cells, and such arginine methylation is greatest in immortalized cells, followed by normal young cells, and lowest in replicatively senescent cells. Using an asymmetric dimethyl‐arginine‐specific antibody, we identified arginine‐methylated proteins in these cell types by immunoprecipitation and 2‐D immunoblotting followed by MS. As a result, arginine methylation of chaperone molecules and RNA‐binding proteins was differentially regulated between immortalized or young cells and senescent cells. Immortalized cells had significantly higher levels of methyl‐accepting proteins, such as cleavage stimulation factor 2 (CstF2) and heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) R, than young cells. However, senescent cells contained hypomethylaed CstF2, hnRNP K, and chaperone containing TCP1 subunit 7, as well as decreased hnRNP R level. Further, significant reduction of arginine modification in CstF2 and chaperone containing TCP1 subunit 7 was observed in prematurely senescent fibroblasts, induced by treatment with adenosine dialdehyde, a transmethylation inhibitor, or subcytotoxic concentration of H2O2. These results suggest that asymmetric modification of RNA‐binding proteins and molecular chaperones plays an essential role in maintaining cell proliferation capability.
Mapping spatial aggregation from counts data: a penalized likelihood approach
Authors: Grevstad Nels 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA model for counts data on a spatial domain is presented. The counts are assumed to follow the negative binomial distribution, with both the mean and dispersion parameter allowed to vary spatially. The ratio of the mean to the dispersion parameter is estimated via non‐parametric penalized likelihood regression, and is equivalent to David and Moore's ecological index of aggregation. The dispersion parameter is assumed to follow a parametric model whose parameters are estimated via minimization of a variant of the well‐known generalized approximate cross‐validation (GACV) score, which is simultaneously used to estimate the smoothing parameter associated with estimation of the mean to dispersion parameter ratio. The increased flexibility of the model permitted by allowing the dispersion parameter to vary spatially is illustrated through spatial maps of David and Moore's and other indices of aggregation, such as Lloyd's indices of crowding and patchiness, using real and simulated data. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The spatial variation of weathering and soil depth across a Triassic sandstone outcrop
Authors: Tye A. M. , Lawley R. L. , Ellis M. A. , Rawlins B. G. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this study, we used an archive of borehole logs from the British Geological Survey to collect information on the spatial structure of weathering that extends from the surface to competent bedrock across the Triassic Sherwood Sandstone Group outcrop (750 km2), in the East Midlands, UK. The borehole logs were used to estimate the thickness of the soil (n = 280) and soil and saprolite (S&S) to competent rock (n = 500). The weathering profile of the sandstone consisted of soil (median thickness ∼ 1·5 m) overlying a transition zone of compacted and weakly cemented weathered sandstone saprolite over bedrock. Topographic analysis using a NEXTMAP 5 m × 5 m digital elevation model (DEM) revealed no significant relationships between slope properties (relief, flow length, flow accumulation or slope angle) and soil or S&S thickness. A weak, but statistically significant correlation was found between the thickness of the soil and S&S (rs = 0·25, p < 0·001, n = 192). The variation in soil thickness may be related to changes in current and historic and land‐use, variation in sandstone properties and the influence of glacial/peri‐glacial processes. The thickness of the saprolite was more variable towards the southern part of the study area, where it increased to a maximum 40 m. We hypothesize and provide evidence that the greater weathering thickness is related to the occurrence of increased faulting in this part of the study region, allowing increased access to meteoric waters. A possible source of increased water supply is meltwater from Quaternary ice sheets; the overburden of ice may have increased sub‐glacial pore water pressure, with the fractures and faults acting as a drainage system for the removal of dissolved weathering products. British Geological Survey © NERC 2010
Regulatory consideration of bioavailability for metals: Simplification of input parameters for the chronic copper biotic ligand model
Authors: Peters Adam , Merrington Graham , de Schamphelaere Karel , Delbeke Katrien 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The chronic Cu biotic ligand model (CuBLM) provides a means by which the bioavailability of Cu can be taken into account in assessing the potential chronic risks posed by Cu at specific freshwater locations. One of the barriers to the widespread regulatory application of the CuBLM is the perceived complexity of the approach when compared to the current systems that are in place in many regulatory organizations. The CuBLM requires 10 measured input parameters, although some of these have a relatively limited influence on the predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) for Cu. Simplification of the input requirements of the CuBLM is proposed by estimating the concentrations of the major ions Mg2+, Na+, K+, , Cl−, and alkalinity from Ca concentrations. A series of relationships between log10 (Ca, mg l−1) and log10 (major ion, mg l−1) was established from surface water monitoring data for Europe, and applied in the prediction of Cu PNEC values for some UK freshwater monitoring data. The use of default values for major ion concentrations was also considered, and both approaches were compared to the use of measured major ion concentrations. Both the use of fixed default major ion concentrations, and major ion concentrations estimated from Ca concentrations, provided Cu PNEC predictions which were in good agreement with the results of calculations using measured data. There is a slight loss of accuracy when using estimates of major ion concentrations compared to using measured concentration data, although to a lesser extent than when fixed default values are applied. The simplifications proposed provide a practical evidence-based methodology to facilitate the regulatory implementation of the CuBLM. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2011;7:437–444. © 2011 SETAC
Alcohol consumption and risk of glioblastoma; evidence from the Melbourne collaborative cohort study
Authors: Baglietto Laura , Giles Graham G. , English Dallas R. , Karahalios Amalia , Hopper John L. , Severi Gianluca 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDespite the brain being highly susceptible to the action of alcohol and, therefore, potentially susceptible to its carcinogenic effects, it is not clear whether alcohol consumption is associated with risk of glioblastoma. We analyzed data from 39,766 participants of the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study recruited in 1990–1994 and followed to the end of 2008 for an average of 15 years. Incidence of glioblastoma of the brain was ascertained via linkage to the Victorian and other State cancer registries in Australia. During a structured face‐to‐face interview at baseline we elicited each participant's history of alcoholic beverage consumption during the current decade at baseline. We used Cox regression models with age as the time metric, adjusted for country of birth, sex, total energy intake, educational attainment and coffee consumption to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). A total of 67 glioblastomas was diagnosed in the cohort during follow‐up. The HRs associated with each additional 10 grams per day of alcohol intake was 1.16 (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.29; p for linear trend = 0.007). Compared to lifetime abstainer, the HR for glioblastoma associated with alcohol consumption were 1.07 (0.55 to 2.10) for 1 to 19 g/day, 1.79 (0.81 to 3.95) for 20 to 39 g/day, 3.07 (1.26 to 7.47) for 40 to 59 g/day and 2.54 (0.92 to 7.00) for 60 or more g/day. Alcohol consumption at baseline was associated with the risk of glioblastoma in a dose‐response relationship.
Autophagy‐mediated chemosensitization by cysteamine in cancer cells
Authors: Wan Xiao‐Mei , Zheng Fang , Zhang Li , Miao Yan‐Yan , Man Na , Wen Long‐Ping 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCysteamine (CS) has many biomedical and clinical applications because of its excellent water solubility, low cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility. A previous study by Brawer et al. reported the occurrence of many Gomori inclusion bodies in CS‐treated astrocytes, which would suggest the induction of autophagy. Here we provided a comprehensive line of evidence demonstrating that CS caused autophagosome accumulation in cancer cells. CS exerted a biphasic effect on the autophagy process, increasing the formation of autophagosomes in the early phase and blocking the autophagic degradation in a later phase. Furthermore, we showed that CS sensitized doxorubicin‐elicited chemotherapeutic killing in HeLa, B16 melanoma and doxorubicin‐resistant MCF‐7 cells and also enhanced chemotherapeutic efficacy of doxorubicin in a mouse melanoma model. Finally, we demonstrated that the chemosensitizing effect of CS was at least partly dependent on its ability to modulate autophagy. Our results revealed a novel biological function for CS in enhancing the chemotherapeutic effect of doxorubicin through autophagy modulation and pointed to the potential use of CS in adjunct cancer chemotherapy.
UV irradiation of immunized mice induces type 1 regulatory T cells that suppress tumor antigen specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses
Authors: Toda Masaaki , Wang Linan , Ogura Suguru , Torii Mie , Kurachi Makoto , Kakimi Kazuhiro , Nishikawa Hiroyoshi , Matsushima Kouji , Shiku Hiroshi , Kuribayashi Kagemasa , Kato Takuma 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe previously showed that exposure to UV radiation after immunization suppresses Th1 and Th2 immune responses, leading to impaired Ab and allo‐immune responses, but the impact of UV radiation after immunization on anti‐tumor immune responses mediated by tumor‐specific CD8+ T cell responses remains less clear. Furthermore, the exact phenotypic and functional characteristics of regulatory T cell population responsible for the UV‐induced immunosuppression still remain elusive. Using the MBL‐2 lymphoma cell line engineered to express OVA as a surrogate tumor Ag, here we demonstrate that UV irradiation after tumor Ag‐immunization suppresses the anti‐tumor immune response in a manner dependent on the immunizing Ag. This suppression was mediated by interleukin (IL)‐10 released from CD4+CD25+ T cells, by which impaired the induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) able to kill Ag‐expressing tumor cells. In addition, we generated a panel of T cell clones from UV‐irradiated and non‐irradiated mice, and all of the clones derived from UV‐irradiated mice had a Tr1‐type regulatory T cell phenotype with expression of IL‐10 and c‐Maf, but not Foxp3. These Tr1‐type regulatory T cell clones suppressed tumor rejection in vivo as well as Th cell activation in vitro in an IL‐10 dependent manner. Given that suppression of Ag‐specific CTL responses can be induced in Ag‐sensitized mice by UV irradiation, our results may imply that exposure to UV radiation during premalignant stage induces tumor‐Ag specific Tr1 cells that mediate tumor‐Ag specific immune suppression resulting in the promotion of tumor progression.