bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PARABROCHYMENA LARIVIÈRE (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE): SYSTEMATICS, NATURAL HISTORY, CHOROLOGICAL AFFINITIES, AND EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS, WITH A BIOGEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF PARABROCHYMENA AND BROCHYMENA AMYOT AND AUDINET-SERVILLE
Authors: Larivière Marie-Claude 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe genus Parabrochymena Larivière is reviewed. Parahrochymna inbio and P. ruckesi are newly described. Parabrochymena barberi dituta (Ruckes) is given specific rank. Two synonymies are established: Brochymena aculeata Distant = P. haedula (Stål), Brochymena cuspidata Distant = P. haedula (Stål). A lectotype is designated for P. haedula (Stål). Species groups are characterized, and a key to all taxa is presented for the first time. As appropriate, for each species of Parabrochymena, the following are provided: citation of original description, synonymies, type material, description, geographical distribution, taxonomic comments, natural history, and illustrations of important structural characters. Choroiogical affinities are presented and systematic relationships are hypothesized. A biogeographic analysis of Parabrochymena and Brochymena Amyot and Audinet-Serville is also presented.
A NEW SPECIES OF UROLEUCON (HOM. APHIDIDAE) ON ANDRYALA SPP.: A MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS
Authors: Tizado E.J. , Nafría J.M. Nieto 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA study of different biometrie data of populations of Uroleucon (U.) picridis (F., 1775) sensu lato using canonical discriminant analysis resulted in the separation of two morphological groups. Exchange of host plants allowed us to conclude that the two groups correspond to two different species: Uroleucon (U.) picridis and Uroleucon (U.) mierae sp.nov. This latter species was described and a key to the identification of both species was given.
CRICKETS (GRYLLOPTERA: GRYLLOIDEA) IN DOMINICAN AMBER
Authors: Vickery Vernon R. , Poinar George O. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTwenty-eight pieces of amber from the Dominican Republic were studied. These pieces, 22–40 million years old, contain 29 cricket specimens as inclusions. Six new species in the Trigonidiidae: Trigonidiinae are described, one in the extant genus Anaxipha (A. dominica) and in three related new genera: Proanaxipha (P. latoca and P. bicolorata), Abanaxipha (A. longispina and A. incongrua), and Grossoxipha (G. yaque). One specimen is described in the Mogoplistidae: Mogoplistinae in the extant genus Ornebius (O. ambericus). The presence of these specimens in amber proves that utilization of the boreal habitat is of long standing. Disparity in the size of the hind legs of one specimen indicates that crickets may once have had the ability to regenerate lost limbs.
INUNDATIVE RELEASE OF TRICHOGRAMMA BRASSICAE BEZDENKO (HYMENOPTERA: TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE) FOR CONTROL OF EUROPEAN CORN BORER IN SWEET CORN
Authors: Yu Dicky S. , Byers J. Robert 
Published: November 2009

AbstractInundative release of Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko for control of European corn borer was tested in experimental plots in 1991 and 1992 in southern Alberta, Canada, to determine its effectiveness as a potential method of control in sweet corn. The tests were conducted in 1-ha plots, in three different fields of irrigated sweet corn each year, at a release level of about 196 000 wasps per ha. The reduction in European corn borer damage in the release plots ranged from 85 to 87% in 1991 and from 45 to 95% in 1992. The reduction in damage was not significantly different in fields with 25 and 49 release points. General area degree-day accumulation for postdiapause development was not adequate to determine the timing of release for individual fields because European corn borer phenology varied among fields. Total moth catch in pheromone traps, however, was directly related to the number of plants damaged by European corn borer, and releases near the time of peak trap catch produced the greatest reduction in damage.
SEARCHING BEHAVIOUR OF ADULT FEMALE COCCINELLIDAE (COLEOPTERA) ON STEM AND LEAF MODELS
Authors: Frazer B.D. , McGregor R.R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBehaviour of locally occurring adult females of seven species of coccinellids was assessed on wooden dowel and paper models that mimicked branching patterns and arrangements of leaf attachments to stems. Ambient temperature and hunger of the beetles were controlled. The movements up or down the main branch of the branch models when contacted from a side branch, duration of searching, and method of leaving leaf models were recorded for 20 beetles of each species.Each species responded to the seven models with different frequencies of behaviours that reflected species-specific modifications of the taxes that lead coccinellids to the tops and terminal parts of plants. Some beetles consistently modified the pattern of responses on die models that was displayed by die species as a whole. The individual modifications could be selected for. The differences in frequencies of behaviours were judged to be sufficient to result in differences in the efficiency with which plants with different architectures were searched.
EVIDENCE FOR A SEX PHEROMONE IN THE APPLE BROWN BUG, ATRACTOTOMUS MALI (MEYER) (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE)
Authors: Smith Robert F. , Gaul Sonia O. , Borden John H. , Pierce Harold D. 
Published: November 2009

The apple brown bug, Atractotomus mali (Meyer), is an economic pest of apple in the Annapolis Valley of Nova Scotia (Rogers 1990). Feeding on developing fruit of sensitive apple varieties induces persistent corky scar tissue that reduces the quality of affected fruit. Forty-five percent of Annapolis Valley apple orchards monitored in 1992 required chemical insecticide applications to control the pest complex of A. mali and the mullein bug, Campylomma verbasci (Meyer) (Craig 1992).Female-produced sex pheromones occur in several mirid species, including the mullein bug (Smith et al. 1991) and Lygocoris communis (Knight) (Boivin and Stewart 1982). The sex pheromone of C. verbasci has been identified as a 16: 1 blend of butyl butyrate and crotyl butyrate (Smith et al. 1991). Our objective was to determine if a sex pheromone occurs in A. mali.
HISTORICAL CHANGES IN INSECT COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AS INDICATED BY HEXAPODS OF UPPER CRETACEOUS ALBERTA (GRASSY LAKE) AMBER
Authors: Pike Edward M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSpecies richness and relative abundance of arthropod taxa from an Upper Cretaceous (Campanian: 75 Mya) amber deposit in Alberta are described. About 130 hexapod species have been recognized to date from this deposit, making it the most diverse Cretaceous insect assemblage so far known. Taxa present, in order of abundance, are Hemiptera (66 specimens per kg), Diptera (28), Acari (21), Hymenoptera (13), Aranaea (12), Psocoptera (4), Coleoptera (2), Blattodea (1), Thysanoptera (1), and Trichoptera (0.6). Representatives of Lepidoptera, Collembola, Dermaptera, Mantodea, Phasmatodea, and Ephemeropteraare are also present. In the total of 65 identified families, 15 are extinct. Only one of about 77 genera identified in this deposit is extant. All recognized species are extinct. In comparison, virtually all families reported from Baltic and Dominican Republic ambers are extant, as are the majority of the genera. Morphology and feeding structures are well within the variation seen in modern insects. It is hypothesized that the taxonomic structure of modern insect communities was well established before the end of the Cretaceous and that the structure and interrelationships of insect guilds were also very similar to those of today.
THE NEARCTIC SPECIES OF HOLOTELEIA KIEFFER (HYMENOPTERA: SCELIONIDAE)
Authors: Masner Lubomir 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe Nearctic species of the genus Holoteleia are revised. Two named species are redescribed and five new species are described: H. armigera from Florida; H. coriacea, H. laticeps, and H. polita from eastern Canada and the United States; and H. elegans, widespread east of the Rocky Mountains. A diagnosis of Holoteleia and a key to the Nearctic species are given. Potential impact of environmental degradation on the frequency of Holoteleia species in North America is discussed.
BIOGEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS OF MONTANE MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN CARABIDAE (COLEOPTERA)
Authors: Liebherr James K. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCarabid taxa inhabiting the montane forests of México and Central America are analyzed using cladistic biogeographic methods. Taxa exhibiting the Nearctic, Meso-American Montane, and Paleo-American distributional patterns are included in the analysis. Widespread taxa are assumed to indicate that the areas of endemism they inhabit are closely related, and the general pattern of area relationships is determined using parsimony analysis. Of the nine areas of endemism recognized in the analysis, the Sierra Madre Oriental is considered the most distinct. The northern Sierra Madre Occidental, Arizona Mountains, and Sonoran Desert comprise one monophyletic set of areas, as do the more southerly areas of the Sierra Transvolcanica, Sierra Madre del Sur, Chiapan–Guatemalan highlands, and Talamancan Cordillera. The southern Sierra Madre Occidental area of endemism is equivocally related to both areas to the north and areas to the south. Biogeographic information derived from widespread species is as congruent with the general area cladogram as information derived from groups with precinctive species, indicating that the same biogeographic barriers often limit distributions of both widespread species and more inclusive clades comprising precinctive species. Taxa exhibiting the Meso-American Montane Pattern are more congruent with the general area cladogram than those representing the Nearctic Pattern, even though they exhibit less fidelity to highland habitats.
SAMPLING CARABID ASSEMBLAGES WITH PITFALL TRAPS: THE MADNESS AND THE METHOD
Authors: Spence John R. , Niemelä Jari K. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe describe a litter-washing technique for collecting quantitative samples of ground-beetles (Carabidae), and compare the results with those from liner extraction by Tullgren funnels and pitfall (rapping. We also compare performance of four types of pitfall traps across five habitats. Carabid species composition from litter washing and funnel extraction was similar but washing revealed higher densities. Large-bodied species predominated in pitfall samples and small-bodied species predominated in litter samples. Uncovered, round pitfall traps yielded generally higher catches than rectangular or covered, round traps but the pattern was not consistent over all species or the five habitats. Ecological studies of carabid populations and assemblages using pitfall traps may be improved if they are both designed and interpreted in light of the biology of the group and with regard to the deficiencies of pitfall trapping as discussed here and elsewhere.
WORD CLONES, OR BALL WORDS, IN ENGLISH USAGE
Authors: Leech Robin 
Published: November 2009

Except for emphasis (as in “. . .very, very good”), it is usual in languages that every following word in a sentence is different. The preceding sentence, this sentence, and the following sentence, are examples of this.Chinese has double, triple, and quadruple juxtaposed characters, most often for emphasis, but also for changing the meanings (G.-C. Lo, T. Mah, J. Yu, pers. comm.; Fig. la, b, c, and d). The Czech, Slovak, and German languages (M. Pospisil, pers. comm.), and the Ukrainian language each have at least one pair of juxtaposed identical words (see below).
ASSOCIATION OF PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI FOR THE SCOTS PINE (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.) WITH THE EUROPEAN PINE WEEVIL HYLOBIUS ABIETIS (L.) (COL. CURCULIONIDAE)
Authors: Lévieux J. , Piou D. , Cassier P. , André M. , Guillaumin D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn 1989 and 1990, the contamination rate of the European pine weevil Hylobius abietis (L.) by several pathogenic fungi for the Scots pine was measured [Leptographium procerum (Kendrick) Wingf. — 45% of the specimens; Pachnodium canum (Upadh. and Kendr.) — 14%; or Ophiostoma piliferum (Fries) H. and P. Syd — 3% (Piou 1993)]. To understand the processes of transportation, a detailed study was conducted by scanning electron microscopy. Several types of spores vectored are found mainly in the thoracic cuticular rounded wells located near the sensorial setae. These wells are connected with an epidermal glandular apparatus whose ultrastructural description is given. We question the origin and composition of these secretions which are believed to protect the spores and contribute to the infection process.
VARIATION IN FEMALE SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE SIZE AND LIPID CONTENT IN RELATION TO FUNGAL ASSOCIATES
Authors: Coppedge Bryan R. , Stephen Frederick M. , Felton Gary W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFemale southern pine beetles, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, may propagate two species of symbiotic fungi in a prothoracic mycangium. Females can carry either Ceratocystiopsis ranaculosus Bridges and Perry or an unnamed basidiomycete or both; some carry no fungi. Thus, females can be categorized into one of four groups based on mycangial content. We examined size and lipid content of emerging brood adult females based on these mycangial fungal classes. Female beetles carrying the basidiomycete, either alone or in combination with C. ranaculosus, were larger, heavier, and contained more lipid than did females carrying only C. ranaculosus. Size and lipid content also varied by season, as did the number of females carrying different fungal combinations. Regression analysis showed that variation in the occurrence of the basidiomycete was significantly related to variation in averages of beetle size and lipid content measurements.
EFFECT OF SPRAY DROPLET SIZE AND DENSITY ON EFFICACY OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS BERLINER AGAINST THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Payne Nicholas J. , van Frankenhuyzen Kees 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBecause microbial insecticides based on Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki cause temporary cessation of larval feeding at sublethal doses, we hypothesized that the delivery of a given dose in a single droplet is more efficacious than delivery of the same dose in multiple smaller droplets. We tested this hypothesis by exposing larvae of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), to an LD50 of a commercial product (Dipel 8L) in combinations of droplet sizes and densities that are commonly observed on coniferous foliage after aerial application. A nominal dose of 5.2 International Units (IU) was presented to fifth-instar larvae on one, two, or four balsam fir, Abies balsamea L., needles in the form of one, two, or four droplets with diameters of 84, 66, or 52 μm, respectively. The combinations of droplet size and density were chosen to represent an increasing degree of dose dispersion. Overall mortality after a 24-h exposure was significantly reduced with increasing dose dispersion from an average of 66% when the dose was presented in one 84-μm droplet on one needle to 40% when presented in multiple droplets on several needles. Increased dose dispersion reduced the proportion of larvae that were able to ingest the full dose, presumably because of feeding inhibition caused by ingestion of sublethal droplets. In addition, mortality of fully dosed larvae declined significantly with increasing dispersion, implying a reduction in the effectiveness of the ingested dose. When compared with operational spray deposits, our results suggest that efficacy of spruce budworm sprays may be improved by increasing the proportion of needles receiving a lethal spray deposit by increasing product potency and possibly the active ingredient application rate.
FORAGING DYNAMICS OF PEPONAPIS PRUINOSA (HYMENOPTERA: ANTHOPHORIDAE) ON PUMPKIN (CUCURBITA PEPO) IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO
Authors: Willis D. Susan , Kevan Peter G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA large population of Peponapis pruinosa, a solitary, oligolectic, ground-nesting bee and important pollinator of cucurbits in the United States and Mexico, was studied foraging on pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) at a site in Cambridge, Ontario, from 23 July to 30 August 1990. We measured the diurnal and seasonal foraging trends for P. pruinosa and compared our findings with those for P. pruinosa elsewhere. The females are active on flowers in the mornings from dawn on. The males are active later in the mornings and spend afternoons and nights in closed flowers. The seasonal emergence of the bees closely parallels that of the plants’ anthesis. Diurnal activity is related to the availability of pollen resources on the flowers of C. pepo. Almost all pollen is removed from the synandria within 2 h of the start of foraging by female bees. Ambient temperature threshold for foraging by both sexes is about 10 °C.
EFFECTS OF ADULT NUTRITION ON LONGEVITY, FECUNDITY, AND OFFSPRING SEX RATIO OF TRICHOGRAMMA MINUTUM RILEY (HYMENOPTERA: TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE)
Authors: Leatemia J.A. , Laing J.E. , Corrigan J.E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe role of adult nutrition in longevity, progeny production, and offspring sex ratio of Trichogramma minutum Riley was examined. On average, honey-fed females lived 26.4 days and produced 260 offspring; unfed females lived 3.5 days and produced 80 offspring. Feeding on fructose or sucrose also significantly increased longevity and fecundity over unfed females (fructose, 23 days and 230 offspring; sucrose, 21 days and 230 offspring) but to a lesser degree than feeding on pure honey. Females fed yeast suspension or water had no significant increases in longevity or fecundity compared to unfed females. Offspring sex ratios of long-lived females were male-biased (50–62% males), those of short-lived females were female-biased (74–82% females). Lifetime reproduction of honey-fed females was highest at 20–25 °C and relative humidities of 20–80%, but short-term offspring production (during the first 2 days after emergence) was highest at 30 °C and 60–80% RH. Females that had access to honey for only a 24-h period did not increase their offspring production over the first 4 days of their lives when compared to unfed females. The potential benefits of feeding adult T. minutum for mass-rearing and field release are discussed.
SYNCHRONY BETWEEN POPULATIONS OF THE TARNISHED PLANT BUG, LYGUS LINEOLARIS (PALISOT DE BEAUVOIS) (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE), AND ITS EGG PARASITOIDS IN SOUTHWESTERN QUEBEC
Authors: Al-Ghamdi Khalid M. , Stewart Robin K. , Boivin Guy 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe seasonal occurrence of four species of egg parasitoids of the tarnished plant bug (Lygus lineolaris) was determined in three different habitais: fields of mixed weeds. alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). and crown vetch (Coronilla varia L.) in southwestern Quebec in 1991 and 1992. Parasitoids studied were the mymarids Anaphes iole Girault, Polynema pratensiphagum (Walley), and Erythmelus miridiphagus Dozier and a scelionid, Telenomus sp. Adult populations of these parasitoids showed three or four population peaks in all habitats throughout the season. Adult parasitoid activity started during the first egg-laying period of L. lineolaris at a temperature accumulation of 73 degree-days (DD). The overwintering period began in mid-October at 1277 and 1058 DD for 1991 and 1992, respectively. All the parasitoids had a strong synchrony with L. lineolaris populations; specifically, marked peaks in the adult population of all species were in synchrony with the egg-laying periods of L. lineolaris.
BIONOMICS OF STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL ADULTS, OTIORHYNCHUS OVATUS (L.)(COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE), ON YOUNG ORNAMENTAL CONIFER TREES IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO
Authors: Brandt J.P. , Smith S.M. , Hubbes M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractField and laboratory studies were undertaken in southern Ontario to gain bionomical information on the adult strawberry root weevil (Otiorhynchus ovatus), a pest of ornamental conifer trees in nurseries. Emergence of overwintering adults began on 3 June 1991 and lasted 56 days, with 50% emerging within 18 days. Adults dispersed less than 5 m in 48 days from a single release point. About 50% of females were fecund. The laboratory temperatures at which adults were reared (15, 20, and 25°C) had no significant effect on fecundity (62.3 eggs per female) but influenced longevity; adults at 15°C lived longer than at 20 or 25°C. The mean preovipositional and ovipositional periods were 31.5 and 49.0 days, respectively. Less than 1% of adult weevils released in the field survived the winter; overwintering adults lived 10 months. Egg eclosion occurred 16 days after oviposition with 78% of the eggs viable. The significance of these biological observations in the development of management strategies for this pest is discussed.
A COMPARISON OF EPIGAEIC COLEOPTERA ASSEMBLAGES IN ORGANIC, CONVENTIONAL, AND ABANDONED ORCHARDS IN NOVA SCOTIA, CANADA
Authors: Pearsall Isobel A. , Walde Sandra J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe beetle fauna of conventional, organic, and abandoned apple orchards was monitored in the Annapolis Valley, Nova Scotia, between May and September 1991. Treatment in the three types of orchards differed with respect to weed control, disease control, fertilization, and general care. The most commonly captured beetles in all three types of orchards were carabids, in particular,Carabus nemoralisMüller,Carabus granulatusLinné,Harpalus rufipes(DeGeer), andPterostichus coracinus(Newman). In general, abundance of predaceous beetles was highest in the conventional orchards and lowest in the abandoned orchards. Generic composition of predaceous beetles was similar among orchards, although the abandoned orchards were characterized by high proportions of the larger carabids,C.nemoralisandC.granulatus, whereas the organic and conventional orchards were dominated by the smaller carabids,H.rufipesandP.coracinus. Although there were no significant differences among orchard type in the total abundance of non-predaceous beetles, the abandoned orchards displayed the greatest diversity of non-predaceous beetles, with the lowest diversity found in the organic orchards.
LE SOUS-GENREDERCYLUS(LICINODERCYLUS) KUNTZEN, 1912: POSITION SYSTÉMATIQUE, RÉVISION DES ESPÈCES ET DESCRIPTION DE LA LARVE (CARABIDAE, DERCYLINI)
Authors: Moret Pierre , Bousquet Yves 
Published: November 2009

RésuméUne nouvelle définition des sous-genres deDercylusCastelnau, 1832, est proposée, et leur synonymie est clarifiée. Quatre sous-genres sont retenus :Dercyluss.str.,Eurydercylus, subgen.nov. (espèce-type :Dercylus tenebricosusLa Ferté-Sénectère, 1851),AsporinaCastelnau, 1835, etLicinodercylusKuntzen, 1912.DercylodesChaudoir, 1883, etPterodercylusKuntzen, 1912, sont considérés comme des synonymes deDercyluss.str. Le nomLicinodercylusKuntzen, 1912, remplacePhysomerusChaudoir, 1883, homonyme plus récent de trois autres noms de genre. Les 14 espèces aujourd’hui connues du sous-genreLicinodercylusfont ensuite l’objet d’une révision systématique. Onze d’entre elles sont des espèces nouvelles :Dercylus(Licinodercylus)franiaiMoret,D.onoreiMoret,D.orbiculatusMoret,D.praepilatusMoret,D.screatorMoret,D.davidsoniMoret,D.graniferMoret,D.nodosusMoret,D.gaujoniMoret,D.gibberMoret etD.mathaniMoret. La larve deDercylus(Licinodercylus)orbiculatussp.nov. est décrite, et les affinités phylogénétiques des Dercylini sont discutées. On présente enfin les informations disponibles concernant l’écologie et la répartition biogéographique desLicinodercylusde l’Ecuador, et des hypothèses sont proposées sur les modalités de leur spéciation.