bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sulfur speciation in well‐aerated and wetland soils in a forested catchment assessed by sulfur K‐edge X‐ray absorption near‐edge spectroscopy (XANES)
Authors: Prietzel Jörg , Thieme Jürgen , Tyufekchieva Nora , Paterson David , McNulty Ian , Kögel‐Knabner Ingrid 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn forested catchments, retention and remobilization of S in soils and wetlands regulate soil and water acidification. The prediction of long‐term S budgets of forest ecosystems under changing environmental conditions requires a precise quantification of all relevant soil S pools, comprising S species with different remobilization potential. In this study, the S speciation in topsoil horizons of a soil toposequence with different groundwater influence and oxygen availability was assessed by synchrotron‐based X‐ray absorption near‐edge spectroscopy (XANES). Our investigation was conducted on organic (O, H) and mineral topsoil (A, AE) horizons of a Cambisol–Stagnosol–Histosol catena. We studied the influence of topography (i.e., degree of groundwater influence) and oxygen availability on the S speciation. Soil sampling and pretreatment were conducted under anoxic conditions. With increasing groundwater influence and decreasing oxygen availability in the sequence Cambisol–Stagnosol–Histosol, the C : S ratio in the humic topsoil decreased, indicating an enrichment of soil organic matter in S. Moreover, the contribution of reduced S species (inorganic and organic sulfides, thiols) increased systematically at the expense of intermediate S species (sulfoxide, sulfite, sulfone, sulfonate) and oxidized S species (ester sulfate, SO$ _4^{2-} $). These results support the concept of different S‐retention processes for soils with different oxygen availability. Sulfur contents and speciation in two water‐logged Histosols subject to permanently anoxic and temporarily oxic conditions, respectively, were very different. In the anoxic Histosol, reduced S accounted for 57% to 67% of total S; in the temporarily oxic Histosol, reduced S was only 43% to 54% of total S. Again, the extent of S accumulation and the contribution of reduced S forms to total S closely reflected the degree of O2 availability. Our study shows that XANES is a powerful tool to elucidate key patterns of the biogeochemical S cycling in oxic and anoxic soil environments. In contrast to traditional wet‐chemical methods, it particularly allows to distinguish organic S compounds in much more detail. It can be used to elucidate microbial S‐metabolism pathways in soils with different oxygen availability by combining soil inventories and repeated analyses of a sample in different stages of field or laboratory incubation experiments under controlled boundary conditions and also to study (sub)microspatial patterns of S speciation in aggregated soils.
Effect of compaction on pore functions of soils in a Saalean moraine landscape in North Germany
Authors: Gebhardt Stephan , Fleige Heiner , Horn Rainer 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSoil compaction and related changes of soil physical parameters are of growing importance in agricultural production. Different stresses (70, 230, 500, and 1000 kPa) were applied to undisturbed soil core samples of eight typical soils of a Saalean moraine landscape in N Germany by means of a confined compression device to determine the effect on (1) total porosity/pore‐size distribution, (2) saturated hydraulic conductivity, and (3) air conductivity to assess the susceptibility towards compaction. Different deformation behaviors after exceeding the mechanical strength particularly resulted from a combination of soil characteristics like texture and initial bulk density. The saturated hydraulic conductivity, as an indicator for pore continuity, was largely affected by the volume of coarse pores (r² = 0.82), whereas there was no relationship between bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity. Since coarsely textured soils primarily possess a higher coarse‐pore fraction compared to more finely textured soils, which remains at a high level even after compaction, only minor decreases of saturated hydraulic conductivity were evident. The declines in air conductivity exceeded those in hydraulic conductivity, as gas exchange in soils is, besides the connectivity of coarse pores, a function of water content, which increases after loading in dependence of susceptibility to compaction. A soil‐protection strategy should be focused on more finely textured soils, as stresses of 70 kPa may already lead to a harmful compaction regarding critical values of pore functions such as saturated hydraulic conductivity or air capacity.
Effects of phosphate‐solubilizing microorganisms on strawberry yield and nutrient concentrations
Authors: Güneş Adem , Ataoğlu Nizamettin , Turan Metin , Eşitken Ahmet , Ketterings Quirine M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPhosphorus (P)‐solubilizing bacteria and fungi can increase soil‐P availability, potentially enhancing crop yield when P is limiting. We studied the effectiveness of Bacillus FS‐3 and Aspergillus FS9 in enhancing strawberry (Fragaria × ananasa cv. Fern) yield and mineral content of leaves and fruits on a P‐deficient calcareous Aridisol in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. The 120 d pot experiment was conducted in three replicates with three treatments (Bacillus FS‐3, Aspergillus FS9, control) and five increasing rates of P addition (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg P ha–1). Fruit yield and nutrient content of fruits and leaves and soil P pools were determined at the end of the experiment. Phosphorus‐fertilizer addition increased all soil P fractions. Strawberry yield increased with P addition (quadratic function) reaching a maximum of 94 g pot–1 at 200 kg P ha–1 in the absence of P‐solubilizing microorganisms. At this yield level, Bacillus FS‐3 and Aspergillus FS9 inoculation resulted in P‐fertilizer savings of 149 kg P ha–1 and 102 kg P ha–1, respectively. Both microorganisms increased yields beyond the maximum achievable yield with sole P‐fertilizer addition. Microorganism inoculation increased fruit and leaf nutrient concentrations (N, P, K, Ca, and Fe) with the largest increases upon addition of Bacillus FS‐3. We conclude that Bacillus FS‐3 and Aspergillus FS9 show great promise as yield‐enhancing soil amendments in P‐deficient calcareous soils of Turkey. However, moderate additions of P fertilizer (50–100 kg ha–1) are required for highest yield.
The intensity of the 1602 cm−1 band in human cells is related to mitochondrial activity
Authors: Pully Vishnu Vardhan , Otto Cees 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe report a Raman band at 1602 cm−1 in the spectra of human cells, which previously had only been observed in mitochondria of yeast cells. This band, which has not yet been assigned to a particular molecular species, was found to occur in HeLa cells, peripheral blood lymphocytes, human mesenchymal stem cells and bovine chondrocytes. The band is proposed as an indicator of the activity of mitochondria in cells. Cells were cultured with and without serum or temporarily deprived of serum. The band can be observed for all these variations in cell culture methodology. The band intensity decreases under the influence of an increase of the calcium ion concentration in the surrounding medium. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deep‐UV tip‐enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Taguchi Atsushi , Hayazawa Norihiko , Furusawa Kentaro , Ishitobi Hidekazu , Kawata Satoshi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe report for the first time the tip‐enhancement of resonance Raman scattering using deep ultraviolet (DUV) excitation wavelength. The tip‐enhancement was successfully demonstrated with an aluminum‐coated silicon tip that acts as a plasmonic material in DUV wavelengths. Both the crystal violet and adenine molecules, which were used as test samples, show electronic resonance at the 266‐nm excitation used in the experiments. With results demonstrated here, molecular analysis and imaging with nanoscale spatial resolution in DUV resonance Raman spectroscopy can be realized using the tip‐enhancement effect. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman spectroscopic study of the arsenite mineral vajdakite [(Mo6+O2)2(H2O)2As3+2O5]·H2O
Authors: Čejka Jiří , Bahfenne Silmarilly , Frost Ray L. , Sejkora Jiří 
Published: April 2009

AbstractRaman spectra of vajdakite, [(Mo6+O2)2(H2O)2As$_{2}^{3+}$O5]·H2O, were studied and interpreted in terms of the structure of the mineral. The Raman spectra were compared with the published infrared spectrum of vajdakite. The presence of dimolybdenyl and diarsenite units and of hydrogen bonded water molecules was inferred from the Raman spectra which supported the known and published crystal structure of vajdakite. MoO and OH···O bond lengths were calculated from the Raman spectra. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Promoter hypermethylation of tumor‐related genes in peritoneal lavage and the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Kamiyama Hidenori , Noda Hiroshi , Takata Osamu , Suzuki Koichi , Kawamura Yutaka , Konishi Fumio 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe predictive value of free cancer cells in the peritoneal fluid of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) remain to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic relevance of the methylation of tumor‐related genes detected in the peritoneal lavage fluid (PLF) of patients undergoing a resection for CRC.MethodsThe promoter methylation pattern of four target genes, CDH1, CDKN2A (p16), MGMT, and APC, was examined in 51 primary CRC and corresponding matched PLF DNA. The relative methylation levels of these genes in primary CRC tissue and paired PLF were assessed by quantitative methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction (QMSP).ResultsAn aberrant methylation of at least one gene was found in 45 of 51 (88%) primary tumors. In matched PLF specimens, the frequencies of aberrant promoter methylation detected for each marker were 16% for CDH1, 2% for p16, 4% for MGMT and 24% for APC. Patients with PLF demonstrating the methylation of more than one of these four target genes demonstrated significantly shorter relapse‐free survival.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that disseminated tumor cells in PLF detected by QMSP may correlate with the postoperative clinical course of patients undergoing curative surgery for CRC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:69–74. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of surgery in breast cancer patients with isolated bone metastases at the time of diagnosis
Authors: Turanli Sevim 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundSurgery for the primary tumor in breast cancer patients with synchronous isolated bone metastasis is applied for palliation. The aim was to determine whether surgical removal of the primary tumor provides a better survival and disease progression.MethodsForty‐four patients were diagnosed between the dates June 2004 and January 2007 and these patients are classified according to the removal of the primary tumor or not. Patients and tumor characteristics, removal of the primary tumor, and response to systemic therapy are examined as the factors that were affecting overall survival and time to progression of the disease.ResultsThe median follow‐up time was 37.5 months. Mean time to progression and overall survival was longer for the patients who received surgery than the patients who did not (20.4 vs. 18.4 months and 57.6 vs. 44.5 months, respectively), but these were not significant (P = 0.58, P = 0.39). In multivariate analysis, response to systemic treatment [(P = 0.03), hazard ratio = 0.44, 95% confidence interval = 0.20–0.93] was independent factor associated with overall survival.ConclusionThe response to systemic therapy is the major factor on survival in the breast cancer patients with isolated bone metastasis. Excision of the primary tumor has no effect on time to progression and overall survival. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:95–99. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Studies on the oxygen atom transfer reactions of peroxomonosulfate: Oxidation of lactic acid
Authors: Andal P. , Murugavelu M. , Shailaja S. , Ramachandran M. S. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractKinetics of oxidation of lactic acid by peroxomonosulfate (PMS) catalyzed by Ni(II) ions has been studied in aqueous buffered (sodium acetate‐acetic acid) medium. The reaction follows first order in [PMS] and [Ni(II)] and inverse first order in [H+]. The effect of pH on the rate suggests that both HSO and SO are the active forms of the oxidant. The intermolecular reaction between HSO and nickel lactate results in hydroperoxide intermediate in the rate‐limiting step. The deprotonated form of PMS, SO, gives a lactate‐nickel‐peroxomonosulfate intermediate, which then undergoes intramolecular oxidation–reduction reaction. The thermodynamic parameters also support the kinetic scheme. Comparison with (nickel) glycolate shows that the electron‐donating methyl group in lactic acid enhances the nucleophilic interaction of the α‐hydroxyl group. A suitable mechanistic scheme is also proposed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 41: 449–454, 2009
Application of 1‐Allyl‐3‐(1‐butyl)imidazolium Chloride in the Synthesis of Cellulose Esters: Properties of the Ionic Liquid, and Comparison with Other Solvents
Authors: Fidale Ludmila C. , Possidonio Shirley , El Seoud Omar A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe ionic liquid (IL), 1‐allyl‐3‐(1‐butyl)imidazolium chloride (AlBuImCl), has been synthesized and its properties determined. Increase in the temperature increased its conductivity and decreased its density, polarity, and viscosity. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), dissolves in this IL by heating at 80 °C; this did not affect its degree of polymerization, decreased its index of crystallinity (Ic), and changed in morphology after regeneration. Convenient acylation of MCC was achieved by using 50% excess anhydride at 80 °C, for 24 or 48 h for acetic and butyric anhydride, respectively. The composition of the mixed esters depended on the initial ratio of the anhydrides, and their order of addition.magnified image
Novel High‐Strength Thermoplastic Starch Reinforced by in situ Poly(lactic acid) Fibrillation
Authors: Jiang Long , Liu Bo , Zhang Jinwen 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn recent years TPS has attracted more and more research interest as a promising replacement for commodity polymers in some applications. In this paper, a novel manufacturing technology to produce PLA fiber reinforced biodegradable TPS composite, and the microstructure and tensile properties of the composite, were first reported. PLA micro/sub‐micro fibers were generated in situ by elongational flow during die extrusion and subsequent hot stretching. The addition of 10% PLA significantly increased the drawability of TPS. Compared to direct extrusion, hot stretching tripled the tensile strength of the composite to 34 MPa. Extensive PLA fibrillation was evident in the composite. The generated PLA fibers measured ca. 400 nm in diameter with a large L/D ratio.magnified image
Cinematic success criteria and their predictors: The art and business of the film industry
Authors: Simonton Dean Keith 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe author reviewed the empirical research on the factors underlying the success of feature‐length narrative films. After specifying some methodological caveats, the review examined the three main criteria by which a film's success can be evaluated: critical evaluations (both early and post‐theatrical run), financial performance (including first weekend and gross), and movie awards (including dramatic, visual, technical, and music categories). To what extent do these criteria represent distinct aesthetic and economic assessments? The review then turned to the various predictors of these success criteria. How is success connected with the film's production and distribution characteristics? To what extent do the predictors converge and diverge across alternative criteria? The article then closes with a discussion of some psychological issues raised by the reviewed findings. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Creativity and integrity: Marketing the “in development” screenplay
Authors: Ferguson Brooks 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis study's purpose was to explore the relationship between creativity and integrity in the ideation phase of feature filmmaking. Integrity refers to one's self‐defined ability to maintain authenticity and moral autonomy while preserving one's sense of membership and loyalty to the team or organization. When team members choose elements for the screenplay's story that they feel will attract the ideal audience, the dynamic tension between creativity and integrity is most apparent. The forces at play during this phase of work yielded the research question: In what ways and to what degree do screenwriters and'or studio executives feel their personal integrity is in alignment with the creative process of feature film development? Several concepts from the literature formed the design around which 23 active screenwriters and studio executives employed by the seven major and two of the minor U.S. motion picture studios were interviewed. The researcher's Creative Integrity Alignment Model yielded the hypothesis that the more aligned participants' individual integrity is with the creative process of feature film development, the more innovative they can be. From this hypothesis, anecdotal evidence was gathered from contributors to one of this year's most successful films to discover the potential relationship between integrity alignment and a film's performance in the marketplace. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Values of protagonists in best pictures and blockbusters: Implications for marketing
Authors: Beckwith Douglas Charles 
Published: April 2009

AbstractUnderstanding the personal values of protagonists in films can provide a foundation upon which to build film marketing campaigns. The research discussed below focused on the personal values of protagonists in 93 films comprising three samples released in the United States between 1996 and 2005 noteworthy for their eminent creativity and/or high profitability. The method used was content analysis with coding based on the adaptations of the Rokeach value descriptors. The most important personal values related to goals were determined to be family security, self‐respect, a sense of accomplishment, and true friendship (in all three samples); mature love and wisdom (in two samples); and inner harmony and national security (in one sample each). The most important personal values related to desirable behaviors were being ambitious, capable, courageous, helpful, loving, and responsible (in all three samples); and being honest (in one sample). Longitudinal analyses of the value hierarchies that changed in significance from beginning to end of the films indicated a shift from selfconcern and materialism to societal concerns and altruism. The content analysis methodology used in this study has implications for marketing professionals in that it reveals means of analyzing popular films as source material to garner insights into the personal values of the consumers who attend the films. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Do experts and novices evaluate movies the same way?
Authors: Plucker Jonathan A. , Kaufman James C. , Temple Jason S. , Qian Meihua 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDo experts and novices evaluate creativity the same way? This question is particularly relevant to the study of critical and public response to movies. How do public opinions differ from movie critic opinions? This study assessed college student (i.e., novice) ratings on movies released from 2001 to 2005 and compared them to expert opinions and those of self‐declared novices on major movie rating Web sites. Results suggest that the student ratings overlapped considerably—but not overwhelmingly—with the self‐described novices, student ratings correlated at a lower magnitude with critic ratings, and the ratings of students who saw the most movies correlated more highly with both critics and self‐described novices than those of students who saw the least movies. The results suggest a continuum of creative evaluation in which the distinctions between categories such as “novice,” “amateur,” and “expert” are blurry and often overlap—yet the categories of expertise are not without importance. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kinetics of Core‐Shell Nanoparticle Formation by Two‐Dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Authors: de Luzuriaga Alaitz Ruiz , Pomposo José A. , Grande Hans , Etxeberria Agustin 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe have studied the kinetics of polymeric nanoparticle formation for poly(styrene‐block‐4‐vinylpyridine) [P(S‐b‐4‐VPy)], chains in a non‐selective solvent using 1,4‐dibromobutane (DBB) as a cross‐linker by means of different nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy techniques. The kinetic process was followed using 1H, 13C, and 2‐D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR experiments. The kinetic data obtained from 2‐D HSQC and 1H NMR experiments were in good agreement between them, proving the reliability of the 2‐D HSQC NMR technique for the in situ study of the kinetics of core‐shell nanoparticle formation. A value of 1.5 × 10−5 s−1 was determined for the apparent kinetic constant of the P(S‐b‐4‐VPy)‐DBB core‐shell nanoparticle formation process.magnified image
Synthesis and Self‐Assembly of pH‐Responsive Amphiphilic Poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)‐block‐Poly(pentafluorostyrene) Block Copolymer in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Tan Beng H. , Gudipati Chakravarthy S. , Hussain Hazrat , He Chaobin , Liu Ye , Davis Thomas P. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe report the synthesis of a novel pH‐responsive amphiphilic block copolymer poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)‐block‐poly(pentafluorostyrene) (PDMAEMA‐b‐PPFS) using RAFT‐mediated living radical polymerization. Copolymer micelle formation, in aqueous solution, was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy, static and dynamic light scattering (SLS and DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). DLS and SLS measurements revealed that the diblock copolymers form spherical micelles with large aggregation numbers,Nagg ≈ 30 where the dense PPFS core is surrounded by dangling PDMAEMA chains as the micelle corona. The hydrodynamic radii,Rhof these micelles is large, at pH 2–5 as the protonated PDMAEMA segments swell the micelle corona. Above pH 5, the PDMAEMA segments are gradually deprotonated, resulting in a lower osmotic pressure and enhanced hydrophobicity within the micelle, thus decreasing theRh. However, the radius of gyration,Rgremains independent of pH as the dense PPFS cores predominate.magnified image
Some Issues Related to Polyaniline Micro‐/Nanostructures
Authors: Wan Meixiang 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis feature article reviews the authors' work combined with highlighted specific aspects of polyaniline (PANI) macro/nanostructures, focusing on such issues as the following. 1) The new development of a hard‐template method. 2) Evaluation of a template‐free method in universality, controllability, and simplicity as well as the self‐assembly mechanism. 3) Multi‐functionality based on a template‐free method associated with other approaches. 4) Cooperation effect of a micelle soft‐template and molecular interactions as a new tool to complex 3D microstructures assembled from 2D or 1D nanostructures. 5) Electrical and transport properties of a single PANI nanotube, as measured by a four‐probe method. 6) Sensors guided by reversible switching wettability through a doping/de‐doping process. An outlook is also briefly given.magnified image