bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active Mercury(II) Ion Removal: Stoichiometrically Controlled Thiol-Functionalized Mesoporous Silica by a Mass Production Spray Dry System
Authors: Yamauchi Yusuke , Suzuki Norihiro , Sato Keisuke , Fukata Naoki , Murakami Miwa , Shimizu Tadashi 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Stoichiometrically controlled thiol-functionalized mesoporous silica particles are synthesized by a spray dry technique in one step. The EDS (energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer) mapping shows that thiol groups are well dispersed throughout the particles without phase separation at micrometer scale. From TEM (transmission electron microscope) observation, SAXS (small-angle X-ray scattering) measurements, and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, it is proven that the thiol groups can be successfully embedded in the frameworks up to 30% without any collapse of ordered mesoporous structures. The amount of the embedded thiol groups in the final products can be stoichiometrically controlled by changing the compositions of the initial precursor solutions, as is confirmed by 29Si NMR measurements. The total adsorption capacity of mercury(II) ions was increased in proportion to the amount of the thiol groups embedded in the frameworks.
Metal–Organic Framework (MOF) as a Precursor for Synthesis of Platinum Supporting Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Bo , Han Song , Tanaka Koji , Shioyama Hiroshi , Xu Qiang 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Nanocrystalline ZnO-supported platinum nanoparticles were synthesized by introducing inorganic platinum salt into the pores of MOF-5 ([Zn4O(bdc)]3; bdc = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) followed by heating in air at 600 °C. The Pt particle sizes can be controlled by adjusting Pt precursor concentration. The resultant Pt/ZnO samples displayed higher catalytic activity for CO oxidation than conventional Pt/ZnO catalyst.
Briaexcavatins V–Z, Discovery of New Briaranes from a Cultured Octocoral Briareum excavatum
Authors: Sung Ping-Jyun , Lin Mei-Ru , Chiang Michael Y , Hwang Tsong-Long 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Five new briarane derivatives, briaexcavatins V–Z (1–5), have been isolated from a cultured octocoral Briareum excavatum. The structures of compounds 1–5 were established by spectroscopic methods. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data for 2 confirmed the structure. Briarane 4 possesses an unprecedented 8,9-epoxy moiety. The relationships between 13C NMR chemical shifts and the conformations of briaranes possessing an 11,12-epoxy group are described. Briaranes 1, 3, and 4 have displayed weak inhibitory effects on superoxide anion generation by human neutrophils. Briarane 1 was found to show mild inhibitory effects on human neutrophil elastase release and 5 exhibited mild activity to enhance human neutrophil elastase release.
Development of an Immunoassay for the Quantification of Soluble LR11, a Circulating Marker of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Matsuo Masanao , Ebinuma Hiroyuki , Fukamachi Isamu , Jiang Meizi , Bujo Hideaki , Saito Yasushi 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackground: Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) migrate from the arterial media to the intima in the progression of atherosclerosis, and dysfunction of SMCs leads to enhanced atherogenesis. A soluble form of the LDL receptor relative with 11 ligand-binding repeats (sLR11) is produced by the intimal SMCs, and the circulating concentrations of sLR11 likely reflect the pathophysiological condition of intimal SMCs. Furthermore, polymorphism of the LR11 gene has been found to be related to the onset of Alzheimer disease. This study describes the development of a sandwich immunoassay for quantifying sLR11 in human serum and cerebrospinal fluid.Methods: We used synthetic peptides or DNA immunization to produce monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) A2-2–3, M3, and R14 against different epitopes of LR11.Results: sLR11 was immunologically identified as a 250-kDa protein in human serum and cerebrospinal fluid by SDS-PAGE separation, and was purified from serum by use of a receptor-associated protein and MAb M3. An immunoassay for quantification of sLR11 with a working range of 0.25–4.0 μg/L was developed using the combination of MAbs M3 and R14. Treatment of serum with 5.25% n-nonanoyl-N-methyl-d-glucamine reduced the matrix effects of serum on the absorbance detection in the ELISA system. The linear dynamic range of the ELISA spanned the variation of circulating sLR11 concentrations in individuals with atherosclerosis.Conclusions: A sandwich ELISA was established for quantifying sLR11 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. This technique provides a novel means for assessing the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, and possibly neurodegenerative diseases.
Lower serum testosterone is independently associated with insulin resistance in non-diabetic older men: the Health In Men Study
Authors: Yeap Bu B , Chubb S A Paul , Hyde Zoë , Jamrozik Konrad , Hankey Graeme J , Flicker Leon , Norman Paul E 
Published: August 2009

ObjectiveInsulin resistance is associated with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, representing a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This relationship may be modulated to some extent by age-related changes in sex hormone status. We examined whether lower testosterone or sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels in older men are associated with insulin resistance independently of measures of central obesity.DesignCross-sectional analysis of 2470 community-dwelling non-diabetic men aged ≥70 years.MethodsAge, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were measured. Early morning sera were assayed for total testosterone, SHBG, LH and insulin levels. Free testosterone was calculated using mass action equations, and insulin resistance was assessed using a homeostatic model (HOMA2-IR).ResultsTotal testosterone, free testosterone and SHBG declined progressively across increasing quintiles of HOMA2-IR (all P<0.001) and correlated inversely with log HOMA2-IR (r=−0.27, −0.14 and −0.24 respectively, all P<0.001). After adjusting for age, BMI, waist circumference, high-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels, total testosterone was independently associated with log HOMA2-IR (β=0.05, P<0.001), while SHBG was not. Serum total testosterone <8 nmol/l was associated with HOMA2-IR in the highest quintile (odds ratio (OR) 1.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–2.73) as was total testosterone ≥8 and <15 nmol/l (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.03–1.63).ConclusionsIn older men, lower total testosterone is associated with insulin resistance independently of measures of central obesity. This association is seen with testosterone levels in the low to normal range. Further studies are needed to evaluate interventions that raise testosterone levels in men with reduced insulin sensitivity.
Familial risks for hospitalized Graves' disease and goiter
Authors: Hemminki Kari , Shu Xiaochen , Li Xinjun , Ji Jianguang , Sundquist Kristina , Sundquist Jan 
Published: August 2009

ObjectivesFamilial clustering of a disease is an indicator of a possible heritable cause, provided that environmental sharing can be excluded. Thus, data on familial risks are important for genetic studies and for clinical genetic counseling.DesignWe carried out a nationwide family study on nontoxic and toxic nodular goiters, and Graves' disease in order to search for familial clustering of these diseases at the population level.MethodsThe Swedish Multigeneration Register on 0–75 year old subjects was linked to the Hospital Discharge Register from years 1987 to 2007. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated for offspring of affected parents and for siblings by comparing to those whose relatives had no hospitalization for thyroid disease.ResultsThe number of hospitalized patients in the offspring generations was 11 659 for nontoxic goiter, 9514 for Graves' disease, and 1728 for toxic nodular goiter. Familial cases accounted for 8.2, 5.2, and 2.1% of all patients respectively. The highest familial risk for offspring of affected parents was noted for Graves' disease (SIR 3.87), followed by toxic nodular goiter (3.37) and nontoxic goiter (3.15). Familial risks were higher for affected siblings: toxic nodular goiter (11.66), Graves' disease (5.51), and nontoxic goiter (5.40). Weaker familial associations were observed between the three diseases.ConclusionsTo our knowledge this is a first population-based family study on these thyroid diseases. The observed high familial aggregation for defined thyroid diseases cannot be explained by the known genetic basis, calling for further studies into genetic and environmental etiology of thyroid diseases.
Long term effect of external pituitary irradiation on IGF1 levels in patients with acromegaly free of adjunctive treatment
Authors: Mullan K , Sanabria C , Abram W P , McConnell E M , Courtney H C , Hunter S J , McCance D R , Leslie H , Sheridan B , Atkinson A B 
Published: August 2009

ObjectiveIt is established that external pituitary irradiation (EPI) effectively reduces serum GH levels in acromegaly. However, its effect in normalising serum IGF1 has been disputed. We looked at the number of our patients who achieved persistently normal IGF1 levels whilst free of adjunctive treatment for at least 1 year after EPI.Patients and designWe identified 63 acromegalic patients between 1964 and 2004 who received EPI. Six were excluded: three had surgery after EPI, two had no medical records available, and one had a pituitary Yttrium implant.MeasurementsPatients received 4500–5000 cGy in fractionated doses. IGF1 levels were correlated with their respective age-related reference ranges.ResultsAfter EPI, the number of patients with normal IGF1 and free of adjunctive medical treatment for at least 1 year were four patients by 3 years, nine patients by 5 years and seventeen by 10 years, with the current number of 25/57 (44%). Concordance between IGF1 levels and random GH dropped from 90% at the time of EPI to 65% at 3 years, 66% at 5 years and 71% at 10 years.ConclusionsWe have demonstrated that, with time, EPI achieves a normal IGF1 in significant numbers of patients with acromegaly, thus obviating the need for life-long expensive medical therapy. For each patient this benefit has to be weighed against the possibility of new hypopituitarism as a result of the treatment. Any decision to use EPI is easier in the context of pre-existent hypopituitarism.
High performance polymer/BaTiO3 nanocomposites based on surface-modified metal oxide nanoparticles using functional phosphonic acids for electronic applications
Authors: Kim Philseok , Doss Natalie M. , Tillotson John P. , Zhang Xiao-Hong , Jones Simon C. , Hotchkiss Peter J. , Li Jiangyu , Calame Jeffrey P. , Domercq Benoit , Kippelen Bernard , Marder Seth R. , Perry Joseph W. 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTPolymer/ceramic nanocomposites provide a means of combining the high permittivities (εr) of metal oxide nanoparticles with the solution-processability and high dielectric strength of polymeric hosts. Simple mixing of nanoparticles and polymers generally results in poor quality nanocomposites due to the agglomeration of nanoparticles and poor miscibility of nanoparticles with host materials. We have shown that surface modification of metal oxide nanoparticles with phosphonic acid-based ligands affords robust surface modification and improves the processiblity and the quality of the resulting nanocomposites. We report on the use of phosphonic-acid modified barium titanate (BaTiO3, BT) nanoparticles in dielectric nanocomposites and their applications to high-energy-density capacitors and solution-processable high permittivity gate insulators in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Surface modification of BT nanoparticles enabled the formation of high quality nanocomposite thin films with ferroelectric polymer hosts such as poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene), P(VDF-HFP), with large volume fractions (up to 50 vol. %), which are potentially useful materials for electrical energy storage. Similarly, the use of phosphonic acid-modified BT nanoparticles in cross-linked poly(4-vinylphenol) (PVP) allowed to form gate insulators for OFETs. High quality nanocomposite thin films at high nanoparticle volume fractions (up to 37 vol. %) with a large capacitance density (∼50 nF/cm2) and a low leakage current (10−8 A/cm2) were obtained. Pentacene-based p-type OFETs using these nanocomposites showed a large on/off current ratio (Ion/off 104 ∼ 106). We will also present the results from a recent experimental and theoretical study where the BT nanoparticle volume fraction was systematically varied in P(VDF-HFP) host, εr = 11, to find the optimum permittivity and dielectric strength, which provided a guideline for the optimization of the volume fraction for achieving maximum energy density.
Rapid Electrical Sintering of Nanoparticle Stuctures
Authors: Alastalo Ari T. , Mattila Tomi , Allen Mark L. , Aronniemi Mikko J. , Leppäniemi Jaakko H. , Ojanperä Kimmo A. , Suhonen Mika P. , Seppä Heikki 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTA method for rapid electrical sintering (RES) of nanoparticle structures on temperature-sensitive substrates is presented. For an inkjetted silver nanoparticle conductor, a conductance increase of five orders of magnitude is demonstrated to occur in a timescale that typically varies between a few and one hundred milliseconds depending on process parameters. Furthermore, most of the conductance change takes only a few microseconds. The achievable final conductivities are within a factor of two from the bulk silver conductivity, as calculated using the external geometric dimensions of the structure ignoring porosity. The method is also applicable to other inorganic conductors such as indium-tin-oxide (ITO). More generally, the method offers a versatile tool in nanotechnology for electrical functionalization of nanoparticle structures. The method is also potentially suited for mass production.
Binding Characteristics of Surface Ligands on PbSe QDs and Impact on Electrical Conductivity
Authors: Kim Won Jin , Kim Sung Jin , Seo Jangwon , Sahoo Y. , Cartwright A. N. , Lee Kwang-Sup , Prasad Paras N. 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTWe report the binding and conductivity characteristics of PbSe nanocrystal quantum dots which have different ligands on the surface. The PbSe nanocrystal quantum dots were surface functionalized using chemical treatment. The results of post-treatment analysis show that the PbSe surface can be successfully functionalized with various ligands based on thiol- and amine-molecules (e.g., oleic acid, dodecanethiol and butylamine). Conductivity measurements performed using a metal-semiconductor-metal structure indicate that there is an increase of conductivity as the length of the ligand connecting the quantum dots is reduced.
Preparation of Smooth Zinc Oxide Thin Film via Liquid Phase Reaction with Cation Additives
Authors: Saito Takeyasu , Hirata Yoshihisa , Okamoto Naoki , Kondo Kazuo 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTZnO thin films were deposited in a solution with Zn(NO3)2 and DMAB from 60 to 80°C. The effects of cation additives such as Mg, Ga and Al in a aqueous solution were investigated on surface morphology, crystallographic structure and growth rate. By adding 1E−4 mol/l of Ga or Al, the growth rate was enhanced from 0.13 m/h to 0.35-0.38 m/h. In addition, the surface morphology became flat in the case of Al addition.
Nanostructured Metal Oxide and Composite Electrodes for Use in Ultracapacitors
Authors: Brumbach Michael T. , Alam Todd M. , Kotula Paul G. , McKenzie Bonnie B. , Bunker Bruce C. 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTMaximizing power and energy densities of ultracapacitors requires configuring redox-active materials in specific architectures that: 1) maximize electrolyte-electrode contact area, 2) minimize transport distances for both electrons and charge compensating species, and 3) minimize transport barriers. We have developed a simple solution-based method, using an organic template, that enables us to introduce hierarchical porosity in ruthenium oxide down to the nano-scale by controlling the oxidative crystal growth of RuO2. The high capacitances of the resulting nanostructured electrodes were found to be comparable to hydrous ruthenium oxide formed under dramatically different conditions. Materials characterization reveals that the organic template directs structure formation and promotes hydroxyl retention.
Ultrasonic spray assisted Mist-CVD method for high-quality crystalline and amorphous oxide semiconductors growth
Authors: Nishinaka Hiroyuki , Kamada Yudai , Kiba Keiji , Kameyama Naoki , Fujita Shizuo 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTThe growth of high-quality crystalline ZnO thin films on ZnO bulk substrates and of amorphous In-Ga-O and Ga-Al-O thin films has been demonstrated by using the solution-based cost-effective and environmental friendly ultrasonic spray assisted mist-CVD method. The homoepitaxial ZnO thin films with atomically flat surfaces were successfully grown on Zn-polar ZnO substrates via a step-flow growth mode, in spite of different miscut angles of the substrate, at the furnace temperature of 1000°C. The compositions and optical absorption edges of the amorphous In-Ga-O and Ga-Al-O thin films were controlled by means of the concentration ratios of [In]/([In]+[Ga]) and [Al]/([Al]+[Ga]) in the starting solutions.
Preparation and Characterization of Tin-doped Indium (ITO) Film by Photo Reaction of Nano-Particle (PRNP) Using Excimer Laser
Authors: Tsuchiya T. , Yamaguchi F. , Morimoto I. , Nakajima T. , Kumagai T. 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTAn ITO film on an SiO2 substrate was prepared from spin-coated nano-particles using a simple thermal process and photo irradiation process. The effects of the excimer lamp and excimer laser on the resistivity of the film were investigated. When the film is 40 nm thick, the combined two-step irradiation by an excimer lamp and laser in N2 is effective for the preparation of the ITO film with a lower resistivity. Using the two-step irradiation and one-step KrF irradiation in N2 at room temperature, the resistivity of the ITO film was 5.94×10−4Ωcm. On the other hand, when using the thermal process, the resistivity of the film sintered at 500 °C in N2 was 4.10×10−3Ωcm. The differences in resistivity are discussed on the basis of the microstructure using SEM, XRD and Hall measurements.
Low-Temperature Processing of Sol-Gel Derived Metal Oxide Thin Films using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Fluid
Authors: Uchida Hiroshi , Fujioka Kaori , Koda Seiichiro 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTWe demonstrate a novel technique using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) fluid for lowering processing temperature of sol-gel-derived metal oxide thin films. The film processing was performed in a hot-wall closed vessel filled with scCO2 fluid. The effects of fluid temperature and additives on the sol-gel synthesis reaction under scCO2 fluid were also investigated. Precursor films of titanium dioxide (TiO2) prepared on silicon wafer and silica glass by sol-gel coating using Ti-alkoxide were converted to crystalline TiO2 (anatase) films successfully by treatment in scCO2 without additive agent at a fluid pressure of 15 MPa and at a substrate temperature of above 250°C, which is significantly lower than the processing temperature of conventional sol-gel deposition. Furthermore, additive agents such as water (H2O) and nitrogen-oxygen mixture (N2-O2) promoted the decomposition and crystallization of precursor films in scCO2 fluid to form the crystalline TiO2 (anatase) films at a substrate temperature at as low as 200°C although it also produced surface absorbates consisted of hydroxides on the film surface. The experimental results suggested that the hydrolysis and polymerization reactions of Ti-alkoxide in the precursor films were proceeded by the scCO2 processing to form titanium-oxygen (Ti-O) networks and that byproducts such as alcohols were removed from the resulting films.
Electrochemical Co-deposition of In-Se and Ga-Se Thin Films for Preparation of CIGS Solar Cells
Authors: Aksu Serdar , Wang Jiaxiong , Basol Bulent M. 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTElectrochemical co-depositions of indium (In) with selenium (Se) and gallium (Ga) with selenium were carried out to obtain high-quality In-Se and Ga-Se films. The approach utilized full potential of complexation for the first time by using aqueous electroplating solutions containing complexing agents at alkaline regime. Complexing agents were employed to solubilize In and Ga ions at high pH and to bring their reduction potentials down, closer to that of Se. Since no appreciable complexation occurred between Se and the complexing agents, Se reduction potential could be independently controlled by the amount of dissolved Se. Tartrate and citrate were determined to be suitable complexing agents for In and Ga. By optimizing the concentrations of the metal salts, the complexing agents, the selenium source, pH and the electrodeposition current density, it was possible to obtain adherent and smooth In-Se and Ga-Se films with high repeatability and controllable In/Se and Ga/Se molar ratios.
Synthesis of InGaZnO4 Colloids and Its Application in a TFT Device
Authors: Kao Chen-Yu , Chou Kan-Sen , Yang Y.H. , Yang S.S. 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTThe deposition of amorphous InGaZnO4 (a-IGZO) semiconductor film, via a sputtering process, has been demonstrated in the literature. In this paper, we present a solution method as an alternative to obtain this semiconducting film. The dispersible IGZO colloids is formed first by co-precipitation of precursors, followed by hydrothermal treatment at 200°C for 1 hour and using CMC as the dispersion agent. The crystalline colloid would become amorphous when it was heated at above 250°C. The TFT structure was made by growing a dielectric silica layer using the CVD method, a metal layer using the sputtering method, and an active IGZO layer using the solution method. This device exhibits low operating voltage, the mobility is about 2cm2V−1s−1 and the Ion/Ioff ratio is 104. Further improvement in processing is needed.
Field Induced Crystal Nucleation in Chalcogenide Phase Change Memory
Authors: Nardone Marco , Karpov Victor G. , Mitra Mukut , Karpov Ilya V. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA summary is presented of our theoretical and experimental work over more than two years related to switching in chalcogenide glass phase change memory. As a significant addition to the well known experiments, we have studied switching under considerably lower voltages and elevated temperatures, as well as the statistics of switching events and relaxation oscillations. Our analytical theory, based on field induced crystal nucleation, predicts all of our observed features and their dependencies on material parameters.