bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Additional Support for Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities and Challenging Behaviors in Regions of Northwest Europe
Authors: Lunenborg Carolien B. , Nakken H. , van der Meulen B. F. , Ruijssenaars A. J. J. M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractOne in 10 individuals with intellectual disability (ID) exhibits behaviors that represent a significant challenge to the people who support them. Parents and staff (such as direct support professionals) often are challenged in trying to find a solution to overcome or reduce these behaviors. A form of additional professional support (i.e., external consultative services) can be helpful in managing such challenging behaviors. Yet, there is little knowledge about the use of such “additional support.” As part of a broader study in the Netherlands into the nature of additional support for individuals with ID who manifest challenging behaviors, a study was undertaken to determine if additional professional support in other regions of northwestern Europe occurs and, if so, how was it organized. The authors found a diversity of approaches addressing additional support services. In most regions, there is no general formal policy on providing such support for individuals with ID, their parents, or care staff. Instead, either a range of local initiatives were developed (operating under various names) or there were no initiatives. In these instances, persons with ID or their carers had to rely on regular support services to address their mental health needs. The authors suggest that organizing additional support as part of a formal services will increase the likelihood that, when regular support has failed, individuals with ID or their carers will be able to obtain supports to find solutions for reducing problematic challenging behaviors.
The IASSID Academy on Education, Teaching and Research and the Links With Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries: An International Partnership
Authors: Hassiotis Angela , Brown Ivan , Brown Roy I. , Favila Gare , McConkey Roy , Jokinen Nancy , Lucchino Ronald 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe Academy, an arm of the International Association for the Scientific Study of Intellectual Disabilities, was formed in 2006 in order to promote clinical and academic skills in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LAMICs) and to carry out educational activities within international events. This article describes the global context of knowledge dissemination and examples of workshops and courses led by Academy members. Discussed are reflections on the important lessons learnt from the Academy experiences to date and recommendations on better coordinating and delivering Academy‐sponsored trainings and consultations in LAMICs.
Female Sexual Dysfunction in Iranian Postmenopausal Women: Prevalence and Correlation with Hormonal Profile
Authors: Moghassemi Sedigheh , Ziaei Saeideh , Haidari Zainab 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Female sexual dysfunction is a current and multifactorial status that greatly affects quality of life. Menopause, aging, and probably hormonal instability are some of these drastic factors.

Aim
Determine the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in Iranian postmenopausal women and the relationship to serum status of sex hormones and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG).

Methods
A total of 149 healthy postmenopausal women aged 43–64, nonhormone therapy user, with intact uterus and ovaries, enrolled in the cross-sectional study.

Main Outcome Measures
Female sexual function was evaluated by utilizing the Female Sexual Function Index. Hormonal serum concentration was measured by enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Also, free testosterone and free estradiol indexes were calculated. The analysis was performed by using SPSS 16.

Results
Mean age of sample was 52.19 ± 3.76 with 47.48 ± 36.5 month amenorrhea. In the study, 69.8% of women showed sexual dysfunction in Desire and 61.7% in Arousal, these two being the most affected domains. Lubrication (49.7%), Pain Domain (45.0%), Orgasm (40.3%), and Satisfaction (36.9%) were in later degree among six assessed domains. There was no difference between the two groups—with and without dysfunction—in hormone level and SHBG.

Conclusion
In Iranian postmenopausal women, Desire and Arousal are the most prevalent menopausal sexual dysfunctions, and Female Sexual Dysfunction is much more than just a hormonal problem.
Unique Infective Complication After Routine Vasectomy: A Case Report
Authors: Ramaswamy Krishna , Kaminetsky Jed 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
We present a case of a 51-year-old gentleman who, after undergoing routine vasectomy, presented with an infected wound 7 days after the procedure—one day after receiving oral sex from his wife.

Aim
We hope to present a unique case of an infected wound after oral sex. Group A Streptococcus (GAS) was cultured from the patient's wound and the asymptomatic wife's pharyngeal mucosa.

Main Outcome Measures
To educate and expose a rare but potentially devastating postvasectomy complication that, without prompt and aggressive treatment, can lead to significant morbidity.

Methods
The patient was promptly treated and after hydration, broad spectrum antibiotics, and supportive care, patient showed excellent recovery. The wife was also treated with oral antibiotics.

Results
Infective complicated are relatively uncommon after routine vasectomy. When present, the vast majority of the infections are treated with a simple course of oral antibiotics. There is strong evidence that establishes oral contact as a vector for transmission of virulent pathogens. Some have linked orogenital transmission of GAS since the 1970s.

Conclusion
To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of oropharyngeal transmission of GAS that led to rapidly progressive infection of the scrotum following vasectomy. Care should be taken to minimize exposure during postoperative healing.
Regional Trade Agreements and Foreign Direct Investment
Authors: DAVIS G. DOUG 
Published: June 2011

Regional trade institutions increase the local market size and attract higher foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows. The new economic geography provides the theoretical model for evaluating the spatial distribution of foreign capital within a multistate market. In this article, a fixed‐effects cross‐sectional time series regression examines 109 states from 1980‐2005. The study's findings are that multilateral regional trade institutions are more likely to attract FDI inflows, and the gains in FDI inflows are highest in states with the strongest regional economy.Las instituciones de comercio regional incrementan el tamaño del mercado local y atraen una cantidad mayor de inversión extranjera directa (IED). La nueva geografía económica provee un modelo teorético para evaluar la distribución física de capital extranjero dentro de un Mercado multinacional. Una regresión de serie temporal examina ciento nueve estados de 1980 a 2005. Instituciones de comercio regional multilaterales tienen más probabilidades de atraer flujos de IED y los estados con una economía regional más fuerte tienen los mayores beneficios por el flujo de IED.
Representing the Faithful in Legal Advocacy? Evaluating the Congruence in Baptist Church‐State Advocacy
Authors: LEWIS ANDREW R. 
Published: June 2011

Religious denominational advocacy groups present opportunities for grassroots representation, but it is necessary to understand the relationship between members' preferences and the advocacy decisions made by the organization. Previous research suggests that organizational characteristics and internal and external contexts may affect congruence, but this has not been thoroughly analyzed for denominational groups. I perform a comparative case study of two related denominational groups—the Southern Baptist Convention's Ethics and Religious Liberty Commission (ERLC) and the Baptist Joint Committee for Religious Liberty (BJC)—that are active participants in church‐state advocacy but take divergent Establishment Clause views. I use survey data to compare the members' preferences with the group's position statements and amicus brief filings, finding that neither of the organizations mirror its members, though the ERLC is more congruent than the BJC. I argue that internal politics, external context, group structure, and membership characteristics impact the congruence between grassroots members and advocacy decisions.Los grupos religiosos mediáticos presentan una oportunidad para la representación comunitaria, pero es necesario entender la relación entre las preferencias de sus miembros y las decisiones tomadas por su organización. Investigaciones previas sugieren que las características organizacionales, así como el contexto interno y externo puede afectar la congruencia, pero esto no ha sido meticulosamente analizado en los grupos mediáticos. Yo realizo un análisis de caso comparativo de dos grupos mediáticos relacionados—la Comisión de Ética y Libertad Religiosa de la Convención Bautista del Sur (CERL) y el Comité Conjunto Bautista para la Libertad Religiosa (CCB)—que son participantes activos en la defensa de la iglesia‐estado pero que sostienen opiniones divergentes acerca de la Primera Enmienda a la Constitución de los Estados Unidos. Para este estudio utilizo datos de encuestas para comparar las preferencias de los miembros con la posición oficial de sus grupos y de una perspectiva imparcial, mostrando que ninguna de las organizaciones concuerda con sus miembros, aunque el CERL es más congruente que el CCB. Yo argumento que las políticas internas, el contexto exterior, la estructura grupal, y las características de afiliación tienen un impacto en la congruencia entre miembros comunitarios y las decisiones de apoyo.
New Fossil Xyelidae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) from the Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning, China
Authors: GAO Taiping , ZHAO Yunyun , REN Dong 
Published: June 2011

Abstract:In this paper one new genus and two new species, Brachyoxyela brevinodia sp. nov. and Brachyoxyela gracilenta sp. nov., in the subfamily Macroxyelinae of the family Xyelidae, are described and illustrated. The specimens were collected from the Yixian Formation, the Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous, of Beipiao City, Liaoning Province, northeastern China. The new genus is established based on the characters that vein Sc meets R only beyond origin of Rs, third antennal segment is almost equal in length to the rest flagellomeres combined, terminal flagellomeres increasingly shortened toward apex, and vein 2r‐rs inclined toward the apex of wing.
Evolution of the Ediacaran Doushantuoian Meta‐Paleo‐Community in Northeast Guizhou, South China
Authors: WANG Yue , CHEN Hongde , WANG Xunlian , HUANG Yuming 
Published: June 2011

Abstract:Macroscopic organisms lived in the Yangtze Sea of South China during the Late Doushantuo period of the Ediacaran. The results of the specimen collections and statistics within each meter show that the macroscopic biota from the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation in northeast Guizhou, South China, can be subdivided into Globusphyton, Cucullus, Sectoralga–Longifuniculum, Beltanelliformis, and Baculiphyca–Gesinella paleo‐communities. The paleo‐community evolution indicates the relationship not only between biota and environment, but also between metaphytes and metazoans. From the Globusphyton paleo‐community, through to the Sectoralga–Longifuniculum paleo‐community, to the Cucullus paleo‐community, the increase in the abundance and diversity of metaphytes (especially the branching macroalgae) and metazoans implies that the oxygen content in the seawater increased gradually. Both the Beltanelliformis and Baculiphyca–Gesinella paleo‐communities could be related to a deteriorated environment and fragile ecosystem. The emergence, abundance, and diversity of macroscopic metaphytes, which were closely connected with the environmental microchanges, accelerated the process, improving the environment and increasing oxygen, and established an important platform for the development of macroscopic metazoans.
Ontogeny of the Traumatocrinus hsui
Authors: WANG Chuanshang , CHEN Xiaohong , WANG Xiaofeng , CHENG Long 
Published: June 2011

Abstact:It is suggested that the characters of Traumatocrinus hsui Mu infants change remarkably in different ages; however, the characters of adult individuals are comparatively stable. The present study examined specimens of infant and adult individuals of T. hsui. Based on these observations, the authors divided the ontogeny of T. hsui into four infant stages (infant stage I‐IV) and one adult stage. In addition, the characters of the anal pyramid are supplemented and the infrabasal plates of T. hsui are confirmed in the present paper for the first time.
Sulfur Isotopes of Framboidal Pyrite in the Permian‐Triassic Boundary Clay at Meishan Section
Authors: ZHANG Jun , LIANG Handong , HE Xiaoqing , YANG Ye , CHEN Baohua 
Published: June 2011

Abstract:Pyrite framboids were found in the Permian‐Triassic boundary at Meishan Section, while their sulfur isotopes were determined. The majority of framboids is less than 5 μm in diameter, with some large‐sized framboids. Also, euhedral gypsums were observed in the boundary clay. The authors suppose that most of the pyrite framboids formed just below the redox boundary and stopped growing after entering the lower water column. The result indicates that it was probably lower dysoxia condition in the temporal ocean. Moreover, the authors also presume that some pyrite was oxidated to sulfates accompanying the fluctuation of redox condition, which would probably be the origin of the negative sulfur isotopes of gypsum and CAS reported before. In addition, sulfur isotope of framboidal pyrite suggests that sulfur is originated from bacterial sulfate reduction in anoxic condition. Therefore, this study confirms that the ocean was widely anoxic during the Permian‐Triassic transitional period. However, the redox condition in temporal ocean was probably not stable, with short‐term fluctuations.
Plasma endotoxin concentrations in experimental and clinical equine subjects
Authors: FESSLER J. F. , BOTTOMS G. D. , COPPOC G. L. , GIMARC SUSAN , LATSHAW H. S. , NOBLE J. K. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryEndotoxin (LPS) was quantitated in experimental subjects and in horses with naturally occurring gastrointestinal strangulation obstruction and/or septicaemic diseases to establish the fate of LPS and the clinical usefulness of the Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assay. The assay was validated for sensitivity (10 pg/ml), recovery (90 to 106 per cent), intra‐assay precision (CV = 5.5 per cent) inter‐assay precision (CV = 11 per cent), and stability of diluted, heat treated, frozen samples (at least 90 days). Plasma concentrations of LPS after sublethal (3 μg/kg) jugular or portal vein bolus injections of LPS rose to 4000 pg/ml and 1500 pg/ml respectively followed by a rapid phase of clearance. Peak plasma concentrations of LPS, associated with slow portal infusion, were lower than peak values associated with bolus injections, remained elevated during the infusion (2 h), but rapidly decreased after infusion was stopped. Thirty seven horses with 38 episodes of naturally occurring gastrointestinal or septicaemic disease were assayed for LPS. Eight episodes involving gastrointestinal disease and eight involving septicaemic disease were positive for LPS. It is concluded that the LAL assay is sensitive and reliable for detecting LPS in equine plasma and it may have clinical value for establishing the severity of endotoxaemia or for distinguishing between septic and non‐septic conditions. Problems of rapid clearance of LPS from plasma, low concentrations, the possibility of sample contamination, and the time and method of sample procurement remain to be addressed.
Antibody titres to core lipopolysaccharides in horses with gastrointestinal disorders which cause colic
Authors: MORRIS DEBRA DEEM , MOORE J. N. 
Published: June 2011

SummarySerum immunoglobulin (Ig) titres to core lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were determined in 102 horses admitted to a university referral hospital during a 12‐month period for evaluation of colic. Serum samples were collected again 10–14 days later from 84 of the horses. Titres to core LPS were quantitated by an indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), utilising the J‐5 mutant of Escherichia coli 0111:B4 as the solid‐phase antigen. All horses had natural antibodies to core LPS at the time of admission and the titre was not affected significantly by age, sex or type of gastrointestinal disorder. The geometric mean titres to core LPS increased significantly within 14 days of admission in those horses with large colon displacement (25), ileal impaction (13), small intestinal strangulating obstruction (11) and small colon obstruction (4). Twenty four (28.6 per cent) of the horses had at least a 4‐fold rise in titre (seroconversion) to core LPS within 14 days of admission. The incidence of seroconversion to core LPS was significantly greater (P<0.05) in horses with disorders requiring surgical intervention (35.8 per cent) than in those with disorders (proximal enteritis, colitis, large colon impaction and unknown) which only required medical treatment (16.1 per cent). Seroconversion rate was not statistically different between groups of horses with diseases of the small intestine which required surgical or medical treatments. The results of this study indicate that gastrointestinal disorders that cause colic in horses result in IgG production to core LPS, and the latter is more prevalent in disorders requiring surgery.
The in vivo biodynamic properties of the intact equine linea alba
Authors: KIRKER‐HEAD C. A. , KERWIN P. J. , STECKEL R. R. , RUBIN C. T. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryLiquid metal strain gauges (LMSG) were implanted surgically at three locations on the intact linea alba (LA) in eight horses. LA strain, strain rate, change in strain and stress were recorded during general anaesthesia, recovery from anaesthesia, standing, vocalisation, rectal palpation and at the walk, trot and canter. LA stress was quantitated using an in vitro tensiometric technique. Stress‐strain responses differed significantly (P<0.05) with location, but each described a characteristic relationship for viscoelastic tissues. Maximum peak stress, peak strain and change in strain occurred during anaesthetic recovery. Maximum strain rate occurred at the canter. An abdominal bandage provided no consistent change in strain magnitude. The caudal LA experienced greater stress and strain than the cranial LA. LA strain varied cyclically with cadence. It was concluded that: LMSGs provide a suitable technique for recording LA biodynamics; the dynamic properties of the LA are not homogenous throughout its length; the LA is suited to accommodate the rapid acceleration/deceleration forces associated with strenuous activity which might otherwise cause injury to abdominal viscera; and LA resultant strain alters significantly with phase of stride. It was implied that the likelihood of incisional dehiscence is reduced by minimising exercise and rectal palpation post operatively. The data will permit a more accurate representation of physiological conditions for future laboratory studies.
BiP and Multiple DNAJ Molecular Chaperones in the Endoplasmic Reticulum Are Required for Efficient Simian Virus 40 Infection
Authors: Goodwin Edward C. , Lipovsky Alex , Inoue Takamasa , Magaldi Thomas G. , Edwards Anne P. B. , Van Goor Kristin E. Y. , Paton Adrienne W. , Paton James C. , Atwood Walter J. , Tsai Billy , DiMaio Daniel 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT
Simian virus 40 (SV40) is a nonenveloped DNA virus that traffics through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) en route to the nucleus, but the mechanisms of capsid disassembly and ER exit are poorly understood. We conducted an unbiased RNA interference screen to identify cellular genes required for SV40 infection. SV40 infection was specifically inhibited by up to 50-fold by knockdown of four different DNAJ molecular cochaperones or by inhibition of BiP, the Hsp70 partner of DNAJB11. These proteins were not required for the initiation of capsid disassembly, but knockdown markedly inhibited SV40 exit from the ER. In addition, BiP formed a complex with SV40 capsids in the ER in a DNAJB11-dependent fashion. These experiments identify five new cellular proteins required for SV40 infection and suggest that the binding of BiP to the capsid is required for ER exit. Further studies of these proteins will provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of polyomavirus infection and ER function.

IMPORTANCE
The polyomaviruses, including simian virus 40 (SV40), are important human pathogens and model systems for exploring the general features of virus replication and cell biology. We used a genetic system to interrogate the role of cellular genes in SV40 infection. Based on the results of this unbiased genetic screen and analysis of proteins related to the strongest hit from the screen, we identified five new cellular proteins required for the entry of SV40 into cells. These proteins physically associate with SV40 in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) during virus entry and are required for exit of the partially disassembled virus from this organelle. These results demonstrate that the polyomaviruses have coopted an ER-localized protein quality control process to initiate disassembly and transit through the cell on their way to the nuclear site of virus replication.