bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The establishment and value of peer group clinical supervision: A qualitative study of stakeholders' perspectives
Authors: Doody Owen , O'Donnell Claire , Murphy Louise , Turner James , Markey Kathleen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimsExplore perspectives of steering group members and external clinical supervision facilitators of developing and establishing peer group clinical supervision.BackgroundThe climate of healthcare is complex which can lead to staff burnout and challenges to practice. Clinical supervision is suggested as an approach to managing and leadership of such complexities.DesignQualitative descriptive.MethodsFocus group interviews with 19 members of the peer group clinical supervision steering groups and individual interviews with five external clinical supervision facilitators from the Western region of Ireland were conducted. Data analysis followed Elo and Kyngäs' content analysis method, involving preparation, organising and reporting, to extract meaning and identify patterns from the qualitative data collected.ResultsDeveloping peer group clinical supervision practice requires, clarity of purpose and function that address the pros and cons of clinical supervision. Organisational leadership is required to support and release staff for peer group clinical supervision and peer group clinical supervisors need to be credible and have a level of expertise in practice. When prepared and supported, the aspects of confidence, leadership, personal development and resilience develop.ConclusionPeer group clinical supervisors need training and ongoing continual professional development for their role, scope of practice and responsibilities. Sustainability rests on staff awareness and familiarity with the purpose and format of peer group clinical supervision and the regularity of sessions.Implications for the profession and/or patient carePeer group clinical supervision is a means of supporting improvement of patient care delivery while in parallel supporting personal and professional development of staff, building resilience in the workplace.ImpactThis study explored the implementation of peer group clinical supervision for staff across nursing and midwifery disciplines. It found that implementing peer group clinical supervision had a positive impact on staff well‐being and morality and on patient care delivery. These findings influence healthcare service providers in implementing peer group clinical supervision in a sustainable way enabling nurses to continue working in complex healthcare environments delivering safe person‐centred care.Reporting methodThe qualitative reporting guidelines Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) were followed.Patient or public contributionPatient/public involvement was addressed in this study by staff, managers, planners, directors, leaders and educationalists being involved at all stages of the study (concept, design, analysis and reporting).
Pluralism and Monotheism: On Apophatic Intolerance
Authors: Haw Christopher A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper explores the dangerous yet liberative potentials of so‐called monotheistic intolerance, arguing for its importance in pluralistic politics. Drawing upon the work of political theorist Chantal Mouffe, I examine conventional political notions of inclusivity and show how the metaphysics of “the One True God” has political analogs not merely in despotic, exclusive absolutism but in agonistic pluralism. The metaphysical correlate of pluralism, I argue, is not merely in polytheism but in “apophatic intolerance”—the refusal to lay claim upon the Absolute, the denial of its representation—a subtle mechanics at the heart of monotheism. And yet, ambivalently coinciding with this emancipatory intolerance is a violence‐laden “Mosaic distinction” between true and false religion. The political theology of Egyptologist Jan Assmann helps us interpret such volatile but crucial intolerance for our own democratic and pluralistic context.
Short‐Term Morbidity and Mortality after Distal Femur Open Reduction Internal Fixation in the Geriatric Population
Authors: Vargas Jasmin , Plantz Mark A. , Gerlach Erik B. , Compton Tyler , Dooley Jennings , Welsh Clayton , Butler Bennet 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveDistal femur fractures remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality for elderly patients. There is a lack of large population studies investigating short‐term outcomes after distal femur c in elderly patients. The purpose of this study is to assess the incidence of and risk factors for various short‐term outcomes after distal femur open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) in the geriatric population.MethodsThe American College of Surgeons’ National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database was used to identify all primary distal femur ORIF cases in patients 60+ years old between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2020 using Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes 27511, 27513, and 27514. Demographic, medical, and surgical variables were extracted for all patients. Propensity score matching was used to match cases in the two age groups based on various demographic and medical comorbidity variables. Several 30‐day outcome measures were compared between the 60–79‐year‐old and 80+‐year‐old groups both before and after matching. Subsequent multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for 30‐day outcome measures in the matched cohort.ResultsA total of 2913 patients were included in the final cohort: 1711 patients in the 60–79‐year‐old group and 1202 patients in the 80+‐year‐old group. Most patients were female (n = 2385; 81.9%). Prior to matching, the older group had a higher incidence of 30‐day mortality (1.9% vs. 6.2%), readmission (3.7% vs. 9.7%, p = 0.024), and non‐home discharge (74.3% vs. 89.5%, p < 0.001). Additionally, the older group had a higher rate of blood loss requiring transfusion (30.9% vs. 42.3%, p < 0.001) and medical complications (10.4% vs. 16.4%, p < 0.001), including myocardial infarction (0.7% vs. 2.7%, p < 0.001), pneumonia (2.7% vs. 4.6%, p = 0.008), and urinary tract infection (4.1% vs. 6.1%, p = 0.0188). After matching, the older group consistently had a higher incidence of mortality, non‐home‐discharge, blood loss requiring transfusion, and myocardial infarction. Various independent risk factors were identified for 30‐day morbidity and mortality, including American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, body mass index (BMI) status, operative duration, and certain medical comorbidities.ConclusionGeriatric patients undergoing distal femur ORIF are at significant risk for 30‐day morbidity and mortality. After matching, octogenarians and older patients specifically are at increased risk for mortality, non‐home discharge, and surgical complications compared to patients aged 60–79 years old. Multiple factors, such as BMI status, ASA classification, operative time, and certain medical comorbidities, are independently associated with poor 30‐day outcomes.
Parent's perception of respiratory syncytial virus and subsequent wheezing burden: A multi‐country cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Custovic Adnan , Mestre‐Ferrandiz Jorge , Kragten‐Tabatabaie Leyla , Laurent Julie , Sellem Laury , Koslap‐Petraco Mary , Cadeddu Chiara 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the leading cause of hospitalization in infants. RSV bronchiolitis is associated with an increased risk of subsequent wheezing. We aimed to document the parents' perception of the link between RSV infection and subsequent wheezing, wheezing‐related healthcare and family resources use, and its impact on family daily life.MethodsThis cross‐sectional online survey enrolled 1200 parents with at least one child ≤6y living in the United States, United Kingdom, Spain, and Italy. Children diagnosed with RSV bronchiolitis before age of 2 years were included in the RSV group, and those never diagnosed with RSV bronchiolitis in the Reference group.ResultsThe odds of wheezing were 4.5‐fold (95%CI 3.5–5.9) higher in the RSV than in the Reference group. The odds increased to 7.7‐fold (95%CI 5.4–11.1) among children who were hospitalized, and 9‐fold (95%CI 5.1–16.6) among those admitted to pediatric intensive care with RSV bronchiolitis. Similar trends were observed across all countries. In total, 57% of parents reported their child's wheezing to have moderate to severe impact on their emotional well‐being, and 53% on their daily life activities and/or social life. 64% of parents reported moderate–severe impact of wheezing on child's quality of sleep and 49% and 46% reported a moderate–severe impact on their children's emotional well‐being and physical activities.ConclusionsThis survey suggests an association between RSV infection and subsequent wheezing in children across different countries. Wheezing, especially in association with RSV infection, was associated with increased healthcare utilization and costs, and significantly impacted parents' and children daily life.
Chloroplast envelope K+/H+ antiporters are involved in cytosol pH regulation
Authors: Rodríguez‐Rosales María Pilar , Rubio Lourdes , Pedersen Jesper Torbol , Aranda‐Sicilia María Nieves , Fernández José Antonio , Venema Kees 
Published: June 2024

AbstractVariations in light intensity induce cytosol pH changes in photosynthetic tissues, providing a possible signal to adjust a variety of biochemical, physiological and developmental processes to the energy status of the cells. It was shown that these pH changes are partially due to the transport of protons in or out of the thylakoid lumen. However, the ion transporters in the chloroplast that transmit these pH changes to the cytosol are not known. KEA1 and KEA2 are K+/H+ antiporters in the chloroplast inner envelope that adjust stromal pH in light‐to‐dark transitions. We previously determined that stromal pH is higher in kea1kea2 mutant cells. In this study, we now show that KEA1 and KEA2 are required to attenuate cytosol pH variations upon sudden light intensity changes in leaf mesophyll cells, showing they are important components of the light‐modulated pH signalling module. The kea1kea2 mutant mesophyll cells also have a considerably less negative membrane potential. Membrane potential is dependent on the activity of the plasma membrane proton ATPase and is regulated by secondary ion transporters, mainly potassium channels in the plasma membrane. We did not find significant differences in the activity of the plasma membrane proton pump but found a strongly increased membrane permeability to protons, especially potassium, of the double mutant plasma membranes. Our results indicate that chloroplast envelope K+/H+ antiporters not only affect chloroplast pH but also have a strong impact on cellular ion homeostasis and energization of the plasma membrane.
Increasing access to LARC removal in pediatrics to support adolescent reproductive justice in the United States
Authors: Hartheimer Joline S. , Allison Bianca A. , Perry Martha F. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn the United States (U.S.), adolescents and young adults are increasingly using contraception, including long‐acting reversible contraception (LARC) [e.g., subdermal implants (e.g., Nexplanon®) and intrauterine devices (IUDs)]; however, access to LARC device removal may be difficult for adolescents and young adults. Reproductive justice is the right to bodily autonomy, have children, not have children, and safely parent the children we have.MethodsIn this commentary, we discuss that while the specialties of family medicine and obstetrics and gynecology have incorporated the principles of reproductive justice into their contraceptive care, further work is needed to ingrain this philosophy into pediatrics training. Since LARC devices are historically only removable by health care providers, pediatricians may act as gatekeepers to removing LARC, obstructing the reproductive justice of adolescents and young adults.ResultsWe describe that adolescents and young adults in the U.S. face unique barriers to LARC removal including limited access to the health care system, potential breaches in confidentiality, and provider bias. These barriers may lead adolescents and young adults to remove their own LARC device when experiencing unwanted side effects or desiring pregnancy. While IUD self‐removal is a safe and accessible option, safety and efficacy data on subdermal implant self‐removal is currently limited.ConclusionIn order to promote reproductive justice in adolescents and young adults, we recommend that (1) pediatricians should address potential barriers to LARC removal prior to insertion, (2) pediatricians must offer unbiased LARC removal, (3) pediatricians who place LARC must be knowledgeable about complicated LARC removal, and (4) pediatricians should discuss LARC self‐removal options with adolescents and young adults.
Linguacultural variations in the domain of FOOD
Authors: Alhasnawi Sami 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAs the domain of food is an area wherein the role of the conceptual system as a locus of contact is inevitable, it is argued here for the need for empirical study on the divergent and convergent food and language practices and how they may implicitly or explicitly reflect the sociocultural conceptualizations of the environment in which such linguacultural variations exist. To this end, this article intends to report and reflect on the qualitative textual analysis of selected technologically mediated menus in Iraq. As public culturally written texts that are replete with intersemiotic (or heterolingual) features, menus in this context overall come to implicitly index social groups’ relatively shared cultural cognition as related to the formation processes of their identities and transcultural spaces. This, in turn, textualizes the construction of a transnational discourse to resist any politicized and territorialized spaces of hegemony with respect to nation, language, culture, race and ethnicity in context.
Prevalence and Characteristics of Dental Fluorosis in a Group of Brazilian Children
Authors: Madalena Isabela Ribeiro , De Oliveira Daniela Silva Barroso , Barbosa Mariane Carolina Faria , De Lima Daniela Coelho , Torres Carolina Paes , Neves Nahara Gentil , Lopes Célia Maria Condeixa de França , Brancher João Armando , Lepri César Penazzo , Küchler Erika Calvano , Baratto-Filho Flares , Soares Andrea Ribeiro Lips 
Published: June 2024

Background: Dental fluorosis (DF) is characterized by hypomineralization of tooth enamel caused by ingestion of excessive fluoride during enamel formation. DF phenotype presents different severities, ranging from very mild to severe phenotypes according to the enamel alteration. This dental development alteration is a common disorder worldwide. It is important to understand the prevalence in certain populations as a preventive strategy for the child's aesthetic, functional and psychological impairment. Purpose: to evaluate a prevalence and characteristics of DF in a group of children from Brazil. Methods: Three hundred and fifty-three children, aged 8-11 years, were clinically evaluated according to the DF phenotype. Only erupted permanent teeth were assessed. Results: DF prevalence was 7.6 %. Boys showed a higher prevalence of DF than girls. Very mild DF phenotypes were more common than more severe phenotypes of DF. Conclusion: the prevalence of DF in this Brazilian population of children was low.
Relación entre la posición del cóndilo mandibular y el patrón de desgaste dental en personas con diagnóstico clínico de bruxismo del sueño
Authors: Casalins Rolong Ivonne , Barrera Chaparro Judith Patricia , Bonilla Karen Julieth , Hernández Vargas Sofía 
Published: June 2024

Antecedentes: El bruxismo del sueño (BS) es una actividad oromandibular con rechinamiento y apretamiento dental y una actividad muscular masticatoria. Genera disfunción temporomandibular (DTM), desgaste y movilidad dental, así como otros hallazgos clínicos. Es importante analizar la oclusión y la ATM para determinar cómo se afecta por la carga biomecánica generada por el bruxismo. Objetivo: Establecer la relación entre la posición condilar de la articulación temporomandibular (ATM) utilizando tomografías computarizadas de haz cónico (TCHC) con los patrones de desgaste dental determinados con el BruxChecker®, en sujetos con diagnóstico clínico de BS. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, en 45 pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de bruxismo del sueño, según los criterios de diagnóstico del bruxismo de la AASM (American Academy of Sleep Medicine), con edad promedio de 34,9 ± 8,6. Se analizaron las TCHC, midiendo los espacios de la ATM en el plano sagital: anterior, superior y posterior (SA,SS,SP) y en el plano coronal: lateral, superior y medial (CL,CS,CM). Se clasificó el patrón de desgaste dental con el BruxChecker® dividiendo los sujetos en: Grupo 1, patrón canino (PC) con 19 sujetos y Grupo 2, patrón molar (PM) con 26 sujetos. Resultados: No se observaron diferencias significativas entre las medidas de los espacios articulares de cada grupo ni en la comparación entre los patrones PC vs PM. La posición sagital del cóndilo posterior/anterior (P/A) fue posterior y la coronal medial/lateral (M/L) fue medial para los dos grupos, al evaluar las ratios. Se encontró diferencia significativa (P<0,00) en los patrones PC y PM del lado derecho, al estimar la diferencia entre promedios de espacios medial y lateral. Conclusiones: La posición del cóndilo se encontró posterior y medial en la fosa articular, en los patrones PC derecho y PM izquierdo. Se evidenció una posición condilar lateral derecha significativa, en los patrones PC y PM. Estos hallazgos indican una posición condilar alterada en los sujetos con bruxismo, que se puede asociar con un desplazamiento del cóndilo dentro de la fosa articular, generada posiblemente por los movimientos excéntricos mandibulares constantes durante la actividad de bruxismo.
Simultaneous Audio Recording and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Temporomandibular Joint
Authors: Nudell Yoav , Gomez Juliana , Vaynblat Elizabeth F. , Hagiwara Mari , Glickman Robert S. 
Published: June 2024

Background: Temporomandibular joint disorder is a complex disease requiring multimodal treatment and often a delayed diagnosis. Purpose: The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of simultaneously recording joint sounds while obtaining 3-tesla cine-magnetic resonance imaging (3T cine-MRI) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). A secondary objective pertains to optimization of a dynamic TMJ imaging protocol to maximize image quality and speed while maintaining synchronicity. Methods: Investigators enrolled four subjects (August 2018 to August 2019) eliciting audible joint sounds during continuous open-close jaw movements during clinical evaluation at the New York University College of Dentistry. A contact fiber-optic microphone (OptiRhythm 4130, Optoacoustics, Yehuda Israel) was utilized to record joint sounds elicited with functional movements during MR dynamic imaging at NYU Langone Health and all data was recorded appropriately. Results: Results of this feasibility study demonstrate the successful integration of audio and 3-Tesla MR imaging for the TMJ in all subjects. This protocol was shown to be well-tolerated by the subjects. A precise correlation of the movement of TMJ structures within cine-MRI images and with audible observations was achieved and assessed by an experienced oral and maxillofacial surgeon and an experienced radiologist. Conclusion: This protocol for simultaneous audio/cine-MRI is a viable tool for studying TMJ health and disease. In future studies, we anticipate this protocol will ultimately refine our understanding of TMJ sounds and their relation to anatomy, physiology, and pathology. In addition, we hope to establish a diagnostic aid to guide surgical and non-surgical decision-making more precisely.
Caspase-8 activity mediates TNFα production and restricts
Coxiella burnetii
replication during murine macrophage infection
Authors: Osbron Chelsea A. , Lawson Crystal , Hanna Nolan , Koehler Heather S. , Goodman Alan G. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Coxiella burnetii
is an obligate intracellular bacteria that causes the global zoonotic disease Q Fever. Treatment options for chronic infection are limited, and the development of novel therapeutic strategies requires a greater understanding of how
C. burnetii
interacts with immune signaling. Cell death responses are known to be manipulated by
C. burnetii
, but the role of caspase-8, a central regulator of multiple cell death pathways, has not been investigated. In this research, we studied bacterial manipulation of caspase-8 signaling and the significance of caspase-8 to
C. burnetii
infection, examining bacterial replication, cell death induction, and cytokine signaling. We measured caspase, RIPK, and MLKL activation in
C. burnetii
-infected tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)/cycloheximide-treated THP-1 macrophage-like cells and TNFα/ZVAD-treated L929 cells to assess apoptosis and necroptosis signaling. Additionally, we measured
C. burnetii
replication, cell death, and TNFα induction over 12 days in RIPK1-kinase-dead, RIPK3-kinase-dead, or RIPK3-kinase-dead-caspase-8
−/−
bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) to understand the significance of caspase-8 and RIPK1/3 during infection. We found that caspase-8 is inhibited by
C. burnetii
, coinciding with inhibition of apoptosis and increased susceptibility to necroptosis. Furthermore,
C. burnetii
replication was increased in BMDMs lacking caspase-8, but not in those lacking RIPK1/3 kinase activity, corresponding with decreased TNFα production and reduced cell death. As TNFα is associated with the control of
C. burnetii
, this lack of a TNFα response may allow for the unchecked bacterial growth we saw in caspase-8
−/−
BMDMs. This research identifies and explores caspase-8 as a key regulator of
C. burnetii
infection, opening novel therapeutic doors.
Continuous
in vitro
propagation of
Babesia microti
Authors: Fuller Lee 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

The currently accepted initiation of Babesia infection describes a sporozoite stage infused into the host, along with other saliva components, by the tick vector. This sporozoite can enter and initiate erythrocyte infection directly. In the particular case of
Babesia microti
, however, that sporozoite loses the ability to further propagate
in vitro
once deprived of its natural host. True
B. sensu stricto
do not require the host collaboration described in this study. Hence it has become a current topic of research involving
B. microti
(
B. sensu lato
), a rather unique species that requires host collaboration to maintain an erythrocyte propagation cycle. The main attachment protein is synthesized by this parasite in excess and exported to the host from the erythrocyte infrastructure to immunize the host at all stages of infection. The synthesis of host immune IgM antibody is necessary for the propagation of
B. microti
, being central to entry into uninfected host erythrocytes. Sequential use of the host immune system then involves complement factor C3b to complete the three-part assembly necessary to initiate the rhoptry sequence for invasion of uninfected erythrocytes and further propagation. These several components must be furnished within the
in vitro
culture medium and the sequence of these reactions is discussed. The corollary view of the parasite survival versus the host immune defenses is also discussed as it involves the same host factors promoting continuing parasite growth. This is the first description of continuous
in vitro
propagation of
B. microti
.