bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of “a disintegrin and metalloproteinase-33” (ADAM-33) protein in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Topal O , Erinanc H , Ozer C , Canpolat E T , Celik S B , Erbek S S 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjective:A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain containing protein 33 (also known as ADAM-33) is a member of a matrix metalloproteinase family which mediates extracellular matrix remodelling and changes in cellular adhesion. This study aimed to evaluate expression of this protein in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and to determine its correlation with patients' clinicopathological characteristics.Subjects and methods:Forty paraffin blocks of laryngeal carcinoma underwent immunohistochemical staining to detect “a disintegrin and metalloproteinase-33” expression. Case records were reviewed to determine patient characteristics.Results:All epithelial, vascular and stromal staining scores were significantly increased in tumour tissue compared with controls (p < 0.001). However, patients' clinical characteristics at the time of diagnosis, and their disease extent, did not correlate significantly with the immunohistochemical staining scores.Conclusion:This study suggests that increased expression of “a disintegrin and metalloproteinase-33” may play a role in the pathogenesis of laryngeal carcinoma.
Perioral gustatory sweating: case report
Authors: Käyser S C , Ingels K J A O , van den Hoogen F J A 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjective:Presentation of a case of perioral Frey syndrome.Design:Case report.Subject:A 72-year-old woman with hyperhidrosis around the mouth and chin.Results:This patient suffered from bilateral perioral gustatory sweating following a mandibular osteotomy; such a case has not previously been described. Possible pathophysiological hypotheses are discussed in relation to the anatomy and innervation of the salivary glands.Conclusion:Perioral gustatory sweating is a rare complication of osteotomy.
Living in the Material World: Cosmopolitanism and trade in early twentieth century Ladakh
Authors: FEWKES JACQUELINE H. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe historical trading communities of early twentieth century Ladakh, in northern India, interacted with multiple cultures through both travel and the flow of trade goods. Using a neo-pragmatic philosophical framework, I will argue that this community—largely rural and commonly thought of as isolated—was, in fact, cosmopolitan. The traders' interactions with specific commodities prompted them to traverse cultural boundaries and engage with new ideas. This view of cosmopolitanism suggests that, while particular economic, political or social contexts may be part of the settings in which both individuals and communities are engaged in cosmopolitan processes, contexts do not define the cosmopolitan.
An increase in depressive symptoms after myocardial infarction predicts new cardiac events irrespective of depressive symptoms before myocardial infarction
Authors: Zuidersma M. , Ormel J. , Conradi H. J. , de Jonge P. 
Published: March 2012

BackgroundDepression after myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with poor cardiovascular prognosis. There is some evidence that specifically depressive episodes that develop after the acute event are associated with poor cardiovascular prognosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether an increase in the number of depressive symptoms after MI is associated with new cardiac events.MethodIn 442 depressed and 325 non-depressed MI patients the Composite International Diagnostic Interview interview to assess post-MI depression was extended to evaluate the presence of the ICD-10 depressive symptoms just before and after the MI. The effect of an increase in number of depressive symptoms during the year following MI on new cardiac events up to 2.5 years post-MI was assessed with Cox regression analyses.ResultsEach additional increase of one symptom was significantly associated with a 15% increased risk of new cardiac events, and this was stronger for non-depressed than for depressed patients. This association was independent of baseline cardiac disease severity. There was no interaction with the number of depressive symptoms pre-MI.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that an increase in depressive symptoms after MI irrespective of the state of depression pre-MI explains why post-MI depression is associated with poor cardiovascular prognosis. Also increases in depressive symptoms after MI resulting in subthreshold depression should be evaluated as a prognostic marker. Whether potential mechanisms such as cardiac disease severity or inflammation underlie the association remains to be clarified.
Locke's Biblical Critique
Authors: Corbett Ross J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe essay clarifies the relationship between Locke's political and his religious thought. To the extent that Locke's political thought is an outgrowth of a particular strand of Christianity, its claims to universality would be significantly diminished. Several plausible interpretations of his political thought rely on his religiosity. Others maintain that this religiosity was a façade. Close attention to Locke's analysis of the Hebrew text of Gen. 1:28 unambiguously points to a critique of the Bible on semantic grounds. Locke subtly argues that the wording of the Bible makes the interpretation of scripture by scripture alone impossible. The fact that Locke goes out of his way to critique the Bible refutes interpretations of Locke's thought that rely on his religiosity and reestablishes the universalist claims of his political thought.
War and Foreign Affairs in Machiavelli'sFlorentine Histories
Authors: Lynch Christopher 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis article argues that issues of war and foreign affairs predominate in Machiavelli'sFlorentine Histories, a work generally taken to be devoted to the internal politics of Florence. The well-known narrative of the rise and fall of Medici rule is in fact driven by a counternarrative of the rise of mercenaries such as Francesco Sforza to the point of becoming the true arbiters of Italian affairs. TheFlorentine Historieslays out the progressive disarming of Italian powers, details the rise of a corrupt system of foreign affairs dominated by mercenary arms and their attendant papal meddling, and urgently counsels statesmen to arm their cities with arms of their own. Seeking to reframe interpretive approaches in this manner, the article sheds new light on Machiavelli's teaching on the desirability of well-managed domestic discords as they relate to military preparedness.
The Anti-New Deal Progressive: Roscoe Pound's Alternative Administrative State
Authors: Postell Joseph 
Published: March 2012

AbstractRecent scholarship has linked the rise of the Progressive movement in America to the creation of an “administrative state”—a form of government where legislative, executive, and judicial powers are delegated into the hands of administrative agencies which compose a “headless fourth branch of government.” This form of government was largely constructed during the New Deal period. The influential legal theorist Roscoe Pound provides the paradoxical example of a Progressive who balked at the New Deal. While many commentators have concluded that Pound's opposition to the New Deal was based on a departure from his earlier Progressive thought, his opposition was in fact based on a consistent Progressive philosophy. Pound therefore provided a vision of an alternative administrative state, which would achieve the ends of the Progressive vision but without the means of the administrative state.
How do policy ideas spread among international administrations? Policy entrepreneurs and bureaucratic influence in the UN response to AIDS
Authors: Nay Olivier 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis paper focuses on the circulation of policy ideas within international administrations. Based upon a study of UNAIDS, the Joint UN Programme on HIV/AIDS, it shows how bureaucracies can capitalise on policy-oriented information and knowledge to strengthen their influence within their own environment. Using a policy transfer approach as its analytical framework, the paper draws particular attention to the UNAIDS Secretariat, considered as a “transfer entrepreneur”. It argues that, in the 2000s, the Secretariat has demonstrated a capacity to collect, develop and disseminate policy ideas and, consequently, has gradually participated in UN policy development on AIDS. It thus suggests that the Secretariat has extended its authority within the UN system despite limited resources. In conclusion, the paper points out the need to examine policy transfer among international administrations through actors, interests and strategies, as a complement to holistic approaches.1
Spatially explicit mortality of California spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus) across a marine reserve network
Authors: KAY MATTHEW C. , WILSON JONO R. 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYStudies of marine reserves typically focus upon differences in the size and abundance of target organisms inside versus outside reserve borders, but they seldom provide spatially explicit measurements of how reserves influence mortality rates. This study investigated mortality rates for female California spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus) at multiple sites inside and outside of three marine reserves at the Santa Barbara Channel Islands, California, USA. Mean total mortality (Z) of female lobsters was lower at sites inside reserves (Z= 0.22 [± 0.05 SE]) than at sites outside reserves (Z= 0.59 [± 0.02 SE]). Mean mortality at all sites inside reserves, and among sites near reserve centres (whereZ= 0.17 [± 0.05 SE]), was similar to estimates of natural mortality for other temperate spiny lobster species. Among sites inside reserves, there was a positive relationship between mortality and proximity to reserve borders, but this relationship was absent among sites outside reserves. Mortality estimates were much more variable among sites inside reserves than at sites in fished areas. This variation is probably due to differential emigration rates from the three reserves, as well as site-specific ecological factors that influence population structure, demonstrating the importance of spatially explicit reserve sampling and understanding how ecological heterogeneity influences fisheries models.
Foraging black-browed albatrosses target waters overlaying moraine banks - a consequence of upward benthic-pelagic coupling?
Authors: Wakefield Ewan D. , Phillips Richard A. , Belchier Mark 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWide-ranging, surface-feeding pelagic seabirds are the most numerous functional group of birds in the Southern Ocean. The mesoscale habitat use of these birds is increasingly being quantified by relating their movements to remotely sensed, near surface properties of the ocean. However, prey availability at the sea surface may also be determined by habitat characteristics not measurable from space. For instance, benthic-pelagic coupling, which occurs when seabed processes affect productivity in the epipelagic zone, can link benthic habitat type to availability of surface prey. We combined acoustically derived maps of the substrate of the South Georgia shelf with GPS tracking to quantify the sub-mesoscale habitat use of breeding black-browed albatrosses. We show that albatrosses preferentially used waters overlaying glacial moraine banks near the shelf edge and that this was unrelated to the presence of trawlers targeting mackerel icefish, which are also associated with these features. Stomach temperature profiles suggest that albatrosses primarily caught krill and fish over the banks. We hypothesize that black-browed albatrosses target waters overlaying moraine banks due to upward benthic-pelagic coupling, mediated by an increase in abundance of zooplankton such as Antarctic krill. Our findings suggest that the potential effects of such processes on pelagic seabird distribution warrant wider investigation.
A Typology of Travellers: Migration, Justice, and Vagrancy in Warwickshire, 1670–1730
Authors: HITCHCOCK DAVID 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis paper examines the relief of travellers in Warwickshire, England. By using an unusually rich set of Constables’ Accounts for the parish of Grandborough, it interrogates the relationship between charity, local justice, and both official and popular perceptions of migration. It argues that the large number of migrants who passed through rural parishes were categorised by the local constable according to cultural and discretionary criteria. This ‘typology’ of travellers determined the nature and extent of the relief they might receive and the actions that might be taken against them. Socially threatening migrants, such as poor pregnant women, the sick, and vagrants, also found themselves affected by this same ‘proscriptive calculation’, often to their detriment.
‘Choice’: what we mean by it, and what that means for preventing childhood obesity
Authors: Porter Christine M 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjective(i) To map how US adults value ‘choice’ in the context of obesity policy and (ii) to discuss implications for obesity prevention in children.DesignSemi-structured interviews (n105) were conducted between 2006 and 2009 about causes of and solutions to childhood obesity. Quotes captured in field notes from community meetings (n6) on childhood obesity prevention were also analysed. Each use of the word ‘choice’ and its variants was identified in these texts. Content and discourse were analysed to identify the implied values and meaning in each use.SettingNorth-eastern USA.SubjectsOne hundred and five adults, some involved in childhood obesity prevention initiatives.ResultsThree distinct frames of ‘choice’ emerged: (i) having choices (choice as freedom), (ii) making choices (choice as responsibility) and (iii) influencing choices (contextual constraints and impacts on choice). Many speakers used more than one frame over the course of an interview. Most people using the third frame seemed to share the values behind the first two frames, but focused on conditions required to enable people to be accountable for their choices and to make truly free choices. A small subset thought outside the frame of individual choice, valuing, as one person put it, a ‘social contract’.ConclusionsPublic debate in the USA about responsibility for and solutions to rising obesity rates often hinges on notions of ‘choice’. These frames, and the values underlying them, are not mutually exclusive. Respecting the values behind each ‘choice’ frame when crafting obesity prevention policy and employing all three in public communications about such policy may facilitate greater consensus on prevention measures.
Microstructural Evaluation of Boron Free and Boron Containing Heat-Treated Ti-35Nb-7.2Zr-5.7Ta Alloy
Authors: Majumdar Pallab 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe microstructure of Ti-35Nb-7.2Zr-5.7Ta (TNZT) and Ti-35Nb-7.2Zr-5.7Ta-0.5B (TNZTB) alloys under different heat treatment conditions has been analyzed. The solution-treated and water-quenched TNZT sample consists mainly of β phase with a very small amount of fine athermal ω precipitate. Precipitation of α can be observed when solution-treated samples are directly aged at 580°C for 8 h. The microstructure of the samples subjected to single-stage aging at 300°C or 400°C consists of ω precipitates in equiaxed β grains. Second stage aging at 580°C for 8 h after first stage of aging at 300°C or 400°C results in the replacement of ω precipitates by secondary α. In all of these samples, the amount of ω or α phase was very small, and therefore they could not be detected by X-ray diffraction studies. However, analysis of selected area diffraction patterns obtained from transmission electron microscopy studies confirms their presence. The addition of boron leads to the formation of dispersed precipitates of TiB in the β matrix of the TNZT alloy and also refines the β grains in the microstructure. However, other microstructural features of the TNZTB alloy are similar to those of the TNZT alloy.
Neonatal (+)-methamphetamine exposure in rats alters adult locomotor responses to dopamine D1 and D2 agonists and to a glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist, but not to serotonin agonists
Authors: Graham Devon L. , Amos-Kroohs Robyn M. , Braun Amanda A. , Grace Curtis E. , Schaefer Tori L. , Skelton Matthew R. , Williams Michael T. , Vorhees Charles V. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractNeonatal exposure to (+)-methamphetamine (Meth) results in long-term behavioural abnormalities but its developmental mechanisms are unknown. In a series of experiments, rats were treated from post-natal days (PD) 11–20 (stage that approximates human development from the second to third trimester) with Meth or saline and assessed using locomotor activity as the readout following pharmacological challenge doses with dopamine, serotonin and glutamate agonists or antagonists during adulthood. Exposure to Meth early in life resulted in an exaggerated adult locomotor hyperactivity response to the dopamine D1 agonist SKF-82958 at multiple doses, a high dose only under-response activating effect of the D2 agonist quinpirole, and an exaggerated under-response to the activating effect of the N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist, MK-801. No change in locomotor response was seen following challenge with the 5-HT releaser p-chloroamphetamine or the 5-HT2/3 receptor agonist, quipazine. These are the first data to show that PD 11-20 Meth exposure induces long-lasting alterations to dopamine D1, D2 and glutamate NMDA receptor function and may suggest how developmental Meth exposure leads to many of its long-term adverse effects.
Religion and American Public Life
Authors: Elshtain Jean Bethke 
Published: March 2012

In his 2000 best seller Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Civic Community, Robert Putnam analyzed the links between social capital and civic engagement. Lamenting the decline of “civic America,” he called for a Tocquevillean renewal of voluntary association in the United States. In American Grace, Putnam and coauthor David Campbell—who also helped with the preparation of Bowling Alone—return to the analysis of American civil society, focusing their attention on America's changing religious landscape and its implications for democracy. Their basic argument is that while the United States is religiously diverse and pluralistic to a profound degree, and while in recent years it has witnessed growing religious polarization, it has also succeeded in muting religious tensions and hostilities. As they conclude: “How has America solved the puzzle of religious pluralism—the coexistence of religious diversity and devotion? And how has it done so in the wake of growing religious polarization? By creating a web of interlocking personal relationships among people of many different faiths. This is America's grace” (p. 550).Given the importance of religion in American life and the influence of Putnam's broad agenda on much current social science research on social capital and civic engagement, we have decided to organize a symposium around the book, centered on three questions: 1) How is American Grace related to Putnam's earlier work, particularly Bowling Alone, and what are the implications of the continuities and/or discontinuities between these works? 2) What kind of a work of political science is American Grace, and how does it compare to other important recent work dealing with religion and politics in the United States? 3) What are the strengths and weaknesses of Putnam and Campbell's account of “how religion divides and unites us,” and what is the best way of thinking about the contemporary significance of religion and politics in the United States and about the ways that the religious landscape challenges U.S. politics and U.S. political science?
Atypical nighttime spread‐F structure observed near the southern crest of the ionospheric equatorial ionization anomaly
Authors: Fagundes P. R. , Bittencourt J. A. , de Abreu A. J. , Moor L. P. , Muella M. T. A. H. , Sahai Y. , Abalde J. R. , Pezzopane M. , Sobral J. H. A. , Abdu M. A. , Pimenta A. A. , Amorim D. C. M. 
Published: March 2012

An atypical nighttime spread‐F structure is observed on ionograms at or above the F2 trace, near the crest of the ionospheric equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) region. This ionospheric atypical spread‐F phenomenon was observed using two closed spaced (∼115 km) ionospheric soundings stations located in Sao Jose dos Campos (23.21°S, 45.97°W) and Cachoeira Paulista (22.70°S, 45.01°W), Brazil, in a low‐latitude station (near the southern crest of the EIA region), during nighttime, low solar activity, and quiet geomagnetic conditions. This structure, in the initial phase, appears in the ionogram as a faint spread‐F trace above or at the F2‐layer peak height. After a few minutes, it develops into a strong spread‐F trace, and afterwards, it moves to altitudes below the F2‐layer peak heights. Finally, the atypical nighttime F‐layer trace structure may remain for a while between the F‐layer bottom side and peak height or can move to an altitude above the F‐layer peak height, and then it disappears. In order to have a comprehensive view of the ionospheric environment characterizing the phenomenon under study, complementary data from six GPS station were used to investigate the ionosphere environment conditions, during both events. The six GPS stations used in this study are distributed from near the equatorial region to low latitudes and provide evidence that the atypical nighttime spread‐F structures are not related with large scale equatorial irregularities (plasma bubbles).
Thin current sheets in the presence of a guiding magnetic field in Earth's magnetosphere
Authors: Malova H. V. , Popov V. Y. , Mingalev O. V. , Mingalev I. V. , Mel'nik M. N. , Artemyev A. V. , Petrukovich A. A. , Delcourt D. C. , Shen C. , Zelenyi L. M. 
Published: March 2012

A self‐consistent theory of relatively thin anisotropic current sheets (TCS) in collisionless plasma is developed, taking into account the presence of a guiding field By (all notations are used in the GSM coordinate system). TCS configurations with a finite value of guiding field By are often observed in Earth's magnetotail and are typical for Earth's magnetopause. A characteristic signature of such configurations is the existence of a magnetic field component along the direction of TCS current. A general case is considered in this paper with global sheared magnetic field By = const. Analytical and numerical (particle‐in‐cell) models for such plasma equilibria are analyzed and compared with each other as well as with Cluster observations. It is shown that, in contrast to the case with By = 0, the character of “particle‐current sheet” interaction is drastically changed in the case of a global magnetic shear. Specifically, serpentine‐like parts of ion trajectories in the neutral plane become more tortuous, leading to a thicker current sheet. The reflection coefficient of particles coming from northern and southern sources also becomes asymmetric and depends upon the value of the By component. As a result, the degree of asymmetry of magnetic field, plasma, and current density profiles appears characteristic of current sheets with a constant By. In addition, in the presence of nonzero guiding field, the curvature current of electrons in the center of the current sheet decreases, yielding an effective thickening of the sheet. Implications of these results for current sheets in Earth's magnetosphere are discussed.