bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What contributes to fluent L2 speech? Examining cognitive and utterance fluency link with underlying L2 collocational processing speed and accuracy
Authors: Takizawa Kotaro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSecond language (L2) fluency research has suggested that a range of linguistic knowledge and processing speed serve as cognitive fluency (CF) underlying L2 utterance fluency (UF). Building on prior CF-UF link studies, this study explored L2 collocational processing speed and accuracy as underlying CF measures. This study also explored the phrasal frequency effect on the relationship between collocational processing speed and UF to test whether the processing speed of higher-frequency collocations is more strongly related to UF. A total of 108 Japanese university students completed a phrasal acceptability judgment task with adjective–noun collocations pooled from the Academic Collocation List. Speech was elicited in an argumentative speech task, and UF measures were computed based on speed, breakdown, and repair fluency. The results revealed that the collocational processing speed was weakly tied to articulation rate and mid-clause and end-clause silent pause ratio (rho= |.271–.322|), while the collocational processing accuracy was weakly to moderately tied to most UF measures except filled pause ratio (rho= |.281–.368|). The collocation frequency moderated the relationship between the processing speed and UF, suggesting that high-frequency collocations served as a proxy for automaticity in speech production. Implications for CF-UF link research are discussed.
No place to hide: The public attribution of responsibility for policy failures of international organisations
Authors: Zangl Bernhard , Heinkelmann-Wild Tim , Glovania Juliane , Klein-Bölting Louisa 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Who is held responsible when international organisations (IOs) fall short of public expectations? Scholarship on IO blame avoidance assumes that member states can hide behind IOs. As clarity of responsibility is assumed to be lacking in IOs, public responsibility attributions (PRA) will usually target the IO rather than individual member states. We argue, by contrast, that even in complex IOs such as the European Union (EU), clarity of responsibility is not always lacking. Therefore, whether the IO in general or individual member states become the main target of public blame attributions depends on the type of IO policy failure. In cases of failures to act and failures to comply, the responsibility of individual member states is comparatively easy to identify, and they thus become the main blame target. Only in cases of failures to perform clarity of responsibility is lacking, and the IO will become the main target of public blame attributions. To assess the plausibility of this‘failure hypothesis’, we study public blame attributions in two cases of EU foreign policy failures and two cases of EU environmental policy failures.
Deliberative process of health technology reassessment by health technology assessment agency in Korea
Authors: Shin Sangjin , Kim Yunjung , Choi Jieun , Park Jung Yul 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In 2019, the National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency (NECA) in Korea established a health technology reassessment (HTR) system to manage the life cycle of health technologies and develop operational measures promoting the efficient use of healthcare resources. The purpose of this study is to introduce the detailed implementation process and practical functional methods of the HTR implemented by NECA.
The HTR is a structured multidisciplinary method for analyzing health technologies currently used in the healthcare system based on the latest information on parameters, such as clinical safety, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of optimizing the use of healthcare resources as well as social and ethical issues. All decision-making stages of the HTR are carefully reviewed and transparently managed. The HTR committee makes significant decisions, and the subcommittee decides the details related to the assessment process.
Since the pilot began in 2018, 262 cases have been reassessed, of which, 126 cases (48.1 percent) were health services not covered by the National Health Insurance (NHI). Over the past 5 years, approximately 130 recommendations for the in-use technologies were determined by the HTR committee. In the near future, it will be necessary to officially develop and establish a Korean HTR system and a legal foundation to optimize the NHI system.
Witnesses for the State: Children and the Making of Modern Evidence Law
Authors: Savarese Laura 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article identifies an overlooked legacy of the child protection movement in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century U.S.: transformations in evidence law and procedure that undermined common-law restrictions on children's testimony. Scholarship on the nineteenth-century modernization of evidence law argues that the rise of cross-examination allowed for the demise of common-law witness disqualification rules. The erosion of restrictions on children's testimony, however, requires an alternative or additional explanation, because cross-examination did not allay fears about children's reliability. The driving force for changes in the law governing child witnesses, I argue, was the slate of nineteenth-century child protection laws whose enforcement typically required children's testimony. The case study of Progressive-Era New York, presented here, reveals how evidence law and procedure adapted to substantive law's demand for children's evidence: reformers legislated an exception to the common-law oath requirement in children's cases, pushed trial courts to modernize their approach to examining child witnesses’ competency, and expanded the state's power to detain children as material witnesses. Those reforms fostered the ends of law enforcement, but did not resolve enduring debates about the reliability risks of children's testimony and the costs of testifying for children's wellbeing.
High all-cause mortality and increasing proportion of older adults with tuberculosis in Texas, 2008–2020
Authors: Medrano Belinda A. , Lee Miryoung , Gemeinhardt Gretchen , Yamba Lana , Restrepo Blanca I. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) elimination efforts must consider the global growth of the ageing population. Here we used TB surveillance data from Texas, United States (2008–2020; total n = 10656) to identify unique characteristics and outcomes in older adults (OA, ≥65 years) with PTB, compared to young adults (YA, 18–39 years) or middle-aged adults (40–64 years). We found that the proportion of OA with PTB increased from 15% in 2008 to 24% in 2020 (trend p < 0.05). Diabetes was highly prevalent in OA (32%) but not associated with adverse outcomes. Death was 13-fold higher in OA compared to YA and was 7% at the time of diagnosis which suggests diagnostic delays. However, once TB was suspected, we found no differences in culture, smear, or nucleic acid detection of mycobacteria (although less lung cavitations) in OA. During treatment, OA had less drug-resistant TB, few adverse reactions and adhered with TB treatment. We recommend training healthcare workers to ‘think TB’ in OA, for prompt treatment initiation to diminish deaths. Furthermore, OA should be added as a priority group to the latent TB treatment guidelines by the World Health Organization, to prevent TB disease in this highly vulnerable group.
How To Get About
Authors: Sosa David 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe ‘Only connect!’ that serves as epigraph to Forster's Howards End tolerates a variety of interpretations; but the very idea of a connection, or a relating of one thing with another, is conceptually deep. One form of connection is when something is about a thing, representing or symbolizing that thing. When we think of someone, or discuss something, we connect to them, or to it.In his Philosophical Investigations, Wittgenstein asks, ‘What makes my image of him into an image of him? […] Isn't my question like this: “What makes this sentence a sentence that has to do with him?”’ Wittgenstein thus notes the ramifications of his question: what makes her name hers? In virtue of what is this thought about them a thought about them? The issue he highlights has been with us since Plato's Cratylus and its history is unified by a presupposition: whatever makes it that (i) a bit of language (like a name or a sentence or any linguistic symbol) is about something is, fundamentally, also what makes it that (ii) a thought (or idea or image) is about a thing. The story of aboutness will be uniform, simplex, or so the presupposition has it.But the history of the issue has been one of failure: we still don't adequately understand the nature of representation. I will propose and develop a perspective that rejects the presupposition and explains the failure: there is more than one way for a thing to be about something. Representation comes, ultimately, in varieties.
A New Look at the Classical Chinese Dào of the Relation between Word and World
Authors: Hansen Chad 
Published: May 2024

AbstractI argue that the absence of some of the ‘greatest hits’ of Western philosophy in Classical China can be explained by a Wittgensteinian take on the role of language in philosophy. One is the ‘Idea Theory’ of meaning which anchors Western Mind-Body dualism. Its attraction is removed when the writing reminds us that a picture does not by itself ‘give life to’ our language even while it plays a role of cross-linguistic communication. Another is the centrality of a law-command theory of normativity which combines with mind-body dualism to give a natural push toward monotheistic supernaturalism. Western attempts to make the ‘God’ impulse logical (e.g., the Ontological Argument) fail because of differences in Chinese syntax. The upshot is we need not deny Chinese thinkers the status of philosophers for their failure to share our philosophical presuppositions and resultant agenda.
Politics, Words, and Concepts: On the Impossibility and Undesirability of ‘Amelioration’
Authors: Antony Louise 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRecently, several philosophers have argued that there is a political necessity to alter certain important concepts, such as WOMAN, in order to give us better tools to understand and change oppressive conditions. I argue that conceptual change of this sort is impossible. But I also argue that it is politically unnecessary – we can effect progressive change using the same old concepts we've always had.
DivFolio: a Shiny application for portfolio divestment in green finance wealth management
Authors: Marupanthorn Pasin , Peters Gareth W. , Ofosu-Hene Eric D. , Nikitopoulos Christina S. , Richards Kylie-Anne 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces DivFolio, a multiperiod portfolio selection and analytic software application that incorporates automated and user-determined divestment practices accommodating Environmental Social Governance (ESG) and portfolio carbon footprint considerations. This freely available portfolio analytics software tool is written in R with a GUI interface developed as an R Shiny application for ease of user experience. Users can utilize this software to dynamically assess the performance of asset selections from global equity, exchange-traded funds, exchange-traded notes, and depositary receipts markets over multiple time periods. This assessment is based on the impact of ESG investment and fossil-fuel divestment practices on portfolio behavior in terms of risk, return, stability, diversification, and climate mitigation credentials of associated investment decisions. We highlight two applications of DivFolio. The first revolves around using sector scanning to divest from a specialized portfolio featuring constituents of the FTSE 100. The second, rooted in actuarial considerations, focuses on divestment strategies informed by environmental risk assessments for mixed pension portfolios in the US and UK.
Geomagnetic Field Intensity During the First Millennium BCE From Royal Judean Storage Jars: Constraining the Duration of the Levantine Iron Age Anomaly
Authors: Hassul E. , Shaar R. , Vaknin Y. , Agnon A. , Gallet Y. , Leibner U. , Sabar R. , Freud L. , Sandhaus D. , Lipschits O. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe rich and extensively studied archaeological record of the Near East provides an opportunity to develop a comprehensive archaeomagnetic dataset for exploring the behavior of the geomagnetic field with high precision. The Levantine archaeomagnetic curve (LAC) project is an ongoing effort to develop a continuous high‐resolution geomagnetic intensity curve for the Levant and Mesopotamia. The first version of the LAC covered the period between 3000 and 550 BCE. Here, we report archaeointensity data from 169 samples compiled into 32 groups dating between the 7th and the 1st centuries BCE aiming at extending the LAC up to the end of the first millennium BCE. Twenty‐two groups are assembled from storage jar handles bearing different types of royal seal impressions, which were used in Judah as part of a taxation administrative system. These groups are combined with 10 other groups of pottery assemblages, three of which are from Hellenistic destruction layers dated using radiocarbon and coins. The new curve shows that the Levantine Iron Age Anomaly (LIAA) spanned 550 years (1100 ‐ 550 BCE) and that the rate of decline during the last spike around 600 BCE could have reached ∼0.6 μT/year. During the 6th century, the virtual axial dipole moment (VADM) dropped from 160 ZAm2 to 125 ZAm2 after which field intensity only slightly increased to 135 ZAm2, until another considerable decline to ∼90 ZAm2 during the 3rd to the 1st centuries BCE. We highlight the archaeomagnetic implication of the new curve in inferring the relative chronological relationship between different stamp types.
Whistler‐Mode Wave Generation During Interplanetary Shock Events in the Earth's Lunar Plasma Environment
Authors: Prasad Abhinav , Li Wen , Ma Qianli , Shen Xiao‐Chen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhistler‐mode waves are commonly observed within the lunar environment, while their variations during Interplanetary (IP) shocks are not fully understood yet. In this paper, we analyze two IP shock events observed by Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence and Electrodynamics of the Moons Interaction with the Sun (ARTEMIS) satellites while the Moon was exposed to the solar wind. In the first event, ARTEMIS detected whistler‐mode wave intensification, accompanied by sharply increased hot electron flux and anisotropy across the shock ramp. The potential reflection or backscattering of electrons by the lunar crustal magnetic field is found to be favorable for whistler‐mode wave intensification. In the second event, a magnetic field line rotation around the shock region was observed and correlated with whistler‐mode wave intensification. The wave growth rates calculated using linear theory agree well with the observed wave spectra. Our study highlights the significance of magnetic field variations and anisotropic hot electron distributions in generating whistler‐mode waves in the lunar plasma environment following IP shock arrivals.
A cell-free nutrient-supplemented perfusate allows four-day ex vivo metabolic preservation of human kidneys
Authors: de Haan Marlon J. A. , Jacobs Marleen E. , Witjas Franca M. R. , de Graaf Annemarie M. A. , Sánchez-López Elena , Kostidis Sarantos , Giera Martin , Calderon Novoa Francisco , Chu Tunpang , Selzner Markus , Maanaoui Mehdi , de Vries Dorottya K. , Kers Jesper , Alwayn Ian P. J. , van Kooten Cees , Heijs Bram , Wang Gangqi , Engelse Marten A. , Rabelink Ton J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe growing disparity between the demand for transplants and the available donor supply, coupled with an aging donor population and increasing prevalence of chronic diseases, highlights the urgent need for the development of platforms enabling reconditioning, repair, and regeneration of deceased donor organs. This necessitates the ability to preserve metabolically active kidneys ex vivo for days. However, current kidney normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) approaches allow metabolic preservation only for hours. Here we show that human kidneys discarded for transplantation can be preserved in a metabolically active state up to 4 days when perfused with a cell-free perfusate supplemented with TCA cycle intermediates at subnormothermia (25 °C). Using spatially resolved isotope tracing we demonstrate preserved metabolic fluxes in the kidney microenvironment up to Day 4 of perfusion. Beyond Day 4, significant changes were observed in renal cell populations through spatial lipidomics, and increases in injury markers such as LDH, NGAL and oxidized lipids. Finally, we demonstrate that perfused kidneys maintain functional parameters up to Day 4. Collectively, these findings provide evidence that this approach enables metabolic and functional preservation of human kidneys over multiple days, establishing a solid foundation for future clinical investigations.
Dynamic microvilli sculpt bristles at nanometric scale
Authors: Ikeda Kyojiro N. , Belevich Ilya , Zelaya-Lainez Luis , Orel Lukas , Füssl Josef , Gumulec Jaromír , Hellmich Christian , Jokitalo Eija , Raible Florian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOrganisms generate shapes across size scales. Whereas patterning and morphogenesis of macroscopic tissues has been extensively studied, the principles underlying the formation of micrometric and submicrometric structures remain largely enigmatic. Individual cells of polychaete annelids, so-called chaetoblasts, are associated with the generation of chitinous bristles of highly stereotypic geometry. Here we show that bristle formation requires a chitin-producing enzyme specifically expressed in the chaetoblasts. Chaetoblasts exhibit dynamic cell surfaces with stereotypical patterns of actin-rich microvilli. These microvilli can be matched with internal and external structures of bristles reconstructed from serial block-face electron micrographs. Individual chitin teeth are deposited by microvilli in an extension-disassembly cycle resembling a biological 3D printer. Consistently, pharmacological interference with actin dynamics leads to defects in tooth formation. Our study reveals that both material and shape of bristles are encoded by the same cell, and that microvilli play a role in micro- to submicrometric sculpting of biomaterials.
LoCoHD: a metric for comparing local environments of proteins
Authors: Fazekas Zsolt , K. Menyhárd Dóra , Perczel András 
Published: May 2024

AbstractProtein folds and the local environments they create can be compared using a variety of differently designed measures, such as the root mean squared deviation, the global distance test, the template modeling score or the local distance difference test. Although these measures have proven to be useful for a variety of tasks, each fails to fully incorporate the valuable chemical information inherent to atoms and residues, and considers these only partially and indirectly. Here, we develop the highly flexible local composition Hellinger distance (LoCoHD) metric, which is based on the chemical composition of local residue environments. Using LoCoHD, we analyze the chemical heterogeneity of amino acid environments and identify valines having the most conserved-, and arginines having the most variable chemical environments. We use LoCoHD to investigate structural ensembles, to evaluate critical assessment of structure prediction (CASP) competitors, to compare the results with the local distance difference test (lDDT) scoring system, and to evaluate a molecular dynamics simulation. We show that LoCoHD measurements provide unique information about protein structures that is distinct from, for example, those derived using the alignment-based RMSD metric, or the similarly distance matrix-based but alignment-free lDDT metric.
The basal forebrain to lateral habenula circuitry mediates social behavioral maladaptation
Authors: Wang Jun , Yang Qian , Liu Xue , Li Jie , Wen Ya-Lan , Hu Yuzheng , Xu Tian-Le , Duan Shumin , Xu Han 
Published: May 2024

AbstractElucidating the neural basis of fear allows for more effective treatments for maladaptive fear often observed in psychiatric disorders. Although the basal forebrain (BF) has an essential role in fear learning, its function in fear expression and the underlying neuronal and circuit substrates are much less understood. Here we report that BF glutamatergic neurons are robustly activated by social stimulus following social fear conditioning in male mice. And cell-type-specific inhibition of those excitatory neurons largely reduces social fear expression. At the circuit level, BF glutamatergic neurons make functional contacts with the lateral habenula (LHb) neurons and these connections are potentiated in conditioned mice. Moreover, optogenetic inhibition of BF-LHb glutamatergic pathway significantly reduces social fear responses. These data unravel an important function of the BF in fear expression via its glutamatergic projection onto the LHb, and suggest that selective targeting BF-LHb excitatory circuitry could alleviate maladaptive fear in relevant disorders.
Plasma electron acceleration driven by a long-wave-infrared laser
Authors: Zgadzaj R. , Welch J. , Cao Y. , Amorim L. D. , Cheng A. , Gaikwad A. , Iapozzutto P. , Kumar P. , Litvinenko V. N. , Petrushina I. , Samulyak R. , Vafaei-Najafabadi N. , Joshi C. , Zhang C. , Babzien M. , Fedurin M. , Kupfer R. , Kusche K. , Palmer M. A. , Pogorelsky I. V. , Polyanskiy M. N. , Swinson C. , Downer M. C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLaser-driven plasma accelerators provide tabletop sources of relativistic electron bunches and femtosecond x-ray pulses, but usually require petawatt-class solid-state-laser pulses of wavelength λL ~ 1 μm. Longer-λL lasers can potentially accelerate higher-quality bunches, since they require less power to drive larger wakes in less dense plasma. Here, we report on a self-injecting plasma accelerator driven by a long-wave-infrared laser: a chirped-pulse-amplified CO2 laser (λL ≈ 10 μm). Through optical scattering experiments, we observed wakes that 4-ps CO2 pulses with <  1/2 terawatt (TW) peak power drove in hydrogen plasma of electron density down to 4 × 1017 cm−3 (1/100 atmospheric density) via a self-modulation (SM) instability. Shorter, more powerful CO2 pulses drove wakes in plasma down to 3 × 1016 cm−3 that captured and accelerated plasma electrons to relativistic energy. Collimated quasi-monoenergetic features in the electron output marked the onset of a transition from SM to bubble-regime acceleration, portending future higher-quality accelerators driven by yet shorter, more powerful pulses.
Deep mutational scanning reveals a correlation between degradation and toxicity of thousands of aspartoacylase variants
Authors: Grønbæk-Thygesen Martin , Voutsinos Vasileios , Johansson Kristoffer E. , Schulze Thea K. , Cagiada Matteo , Pedersen Line , Clausen Lene , Nariya Snehal , Powell Rachel L. , Stein Amelie , Fowler Douglas M. , Lindorff-Larsen Kresten , Hartmann-Petersen Rasmus 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUnstable proteins are prone to form non-native interactions with other proteins and thereby may become toxic. To mitigate this, destabilized proteins are targeted by the protein quality control network. Here we present systematic studies of the cytosolic aspartoacylase, ASPA, where variants are linked to Canavan disease, a lethal neurological disorder. We determine the abundance of 6152 of the 6260 ( ~ 98%) possible single amino acid substitutions and nonsense ASPA variants in human cells. Most low abundance variants are degraded through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and become toxic upon prolonged expression. The data correlates with predicted changes in thermodynamic stability, evolutionary conservation, and separate disease-linked variants from benign variants. Mapping of degradation signals (degrons) shows that these are often buried and the C-terminal region functions as a degron. The data can be used to interpret Canavan disease variants and provide insight into the relationship between protein stability, degradation and cell fitness.