bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness and safety of azvudine in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Amani Bahman , Amani Behnam 
Published: June 2024

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of azvudine in treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2).

Methods
A search was carried out in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, medRxiv, and Google Scholar until October 20, 2023. The Cochrane risk of bias tools were used to assess the quality of included studies. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software was used to analyze data.

Results
Twenty-one studies including 10,011 patients were examined. The meta-analysis results showed that azvudine and standard of care/placebo (SOC/PBO) were significantly different concerning mortality rate (risk ratio [RR] = 0.48, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40 to 0.57) and negative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conversion time (standard mean difference = - 0.75, 95% CI: -1.29 to—0.21). However, the two groups did not show significant differences concerning hospital stay, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and need for mechanical ventilation (P > 0.05). On the other hand, azvudine and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir were significantly different in mortality rate (RR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.58 to 0.92), ICU admission (RR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.21 to 0.78), and need for mechanical ventilation (RR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.51 to 0.89), but the two treatments were not significantly different in negative PCR conversion time, and hospital stay (P > 0.05). The incidence of adverse events between groups was not significant (P > 0.05). The certainty of evidence was rated as low or moderate.

Conclusions
The antiviral effectiveness of azvudine against SARS-COV-2 is questionable with regard to the certainty of evidence. Further research should be conducted to establish the effectiveness and safety of azvudine in COVID-19.
Alzheimer’s disease increases the risk of erectile dysfunction independent of cardiovascular diseases: A mendelian randomization study
Authors: Liao Kaisen , Lou Qiang 
Published: June 2024

Background
Previous research has underscored the correlation between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and erectile dysfunction (ED). However, due to inherent limitations of observational studies, the causative relationship remains inconclusive.

Methods
Utilizing publicly available data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics, this study probed the potential causal association between AD and ED using univariate Mendelian randomization (MR). Further, the multivariable MR assessed the confounding effects of six cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The primary approach employed was inverse variance weighted (IVW), supplemented by three additional methods. A series of sensitivity analyses were conducted to ensure the robustness of the results.

Results
In the forward MR analysis, the IVW method revealed causal evidence of genetically predicted AD being a risk factor for ED (OR = 1.077, 95% CI 1.007∼1.152, P = 0.031). Reverse analysis did not demonstrate any causal evidence linking ED to AD (OR = 1.018, 95% CI 0.974∼1.063, P = 0.430). Multivariable MR analysis showed that after adjusting for coronary heart disease (OR = 1.082, 95% CI 0.009∼1.160, P = 0.027), myocardial infarction (OR = 1.085, 95% CI 1.012∼1.163, P = 0.022), atrial fibrillation (OR = 1.076, 95% CI 1.002∼1.154, P = 0.043), heart failure (OR = 1.103, 95% CI 1.024∼1.188, P = 0.010), ischemic stroke (OR = 1.079, 95% CI 1.009∼1.154, P = 0.027), hypertension (OR = 1.092, 95% CI 1.011∼1.180, P = 0.025), and all models (OR = 1.115, 95% CI 1.024∼1.214, P = 0.012), the causal association between AD and ED persisted. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the absence of pleiotropy, heterogeneity, and outliers, validating the robustness of our results (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
This MR study consistently evidences a causal effect of genetically predicted AD on the risk of ED, independent of certain CVDs, yet offers no evidence for a reverse effect from ED.
Prevalence of ineffective breastfeeding techniques and its associated factors among breastfeeding mothers in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yilak Gizachew , Tilahun Befikad Derese , Abate Biruk Beletew , Zemariam Alemu Birara , Lake Eyob Shitie , Ayele Mulat , Belay Alemayehu Sayih 
Published: June 2024

Background
Poor attachment, suckling, and positioning contribute to ineffective breastfeeding techniques. Poor weight gain, stunting, and decreased immunity are caused by insufficient breast milk intake owing to ineffective breastfeeding techniques. Numerous primary studies conducted in Ethiopia have revealed negative effects of ineffective breastfeeding techniques. However, inconsistencies have been observed among these studies, and no review has been conducted to report the amalgamated magnitude and associated factors. Therefore, this review aimed to estimate the national prevalence and factors associated with ineffective breastfeeding techniques in Ethiopia.

Methods
Using PRISMA standards, we systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed articles from PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of ineffective breastfeeding techniques. Q and I2 tests were used to assess heterogeneity across studies. To evaluate the national prevalence and effect size of the linked covariates, a weighted inverse variance random-effects model was used. Subgroup analysis was performed based on the region, sample size, and year of publication. Funnel plots and Egger’s regression tests were used to examine publication bias. A sensitivity analysis was also performed to determine the impact of the studies.

Results
The analysis included a total of eleven studies with 4,470 participants used in the analysis. The pooled prevalence of ineffective breastfeeding techniques in Ethiopia was 53.13% (45.49, 60.78) no formal education (AOR = 3.42; 95% CI:1.67–5.18; I2 = 72.2%; P = 0.0132), primipara (AOR = 2.72;95% CI:1.81–3.64; I2 = 46.7%; P = 0.131), postnatal care (PNC) (AOR = 1.84; 95% CI:1.35–2.32; I2 = 0%; P = 0.53), breastfeeding counseling (AOR = 1.93; 95% CI:1.23–2.63; I2 = 0%;P = 0.35), home delivery and having breast problem (AOR = 3.11; 95% CI:1.09–5.16; I2 = 0%;P = 0.877) and (AOR = 2.22; 95% CI:1.28–3.16; I2 = 0%;P = 0.80) respectively were significantly associated with ineffective breastfeeding techniques.

Conclusion
The prevalence of ineffective breastfeeding techniques in Ethiopia remains high. Policymakers and program officials should focus on empowering women, increasing institutional delivery, and providing counseling on breastfeeding throughout the maternal continuum of care. These measures will improve breastfeeding techniques and lead to better health of both infants and women.
Non-invasive brain stimulation as treatment for motor impairment in people with Parkinson’s disease: Protocol for an umbrella review
Authors: Harris Dale M. , O’Bryan Steven J. , Latella Christopher 
Published: June 2024

Background
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that predominantly affects movement and currently has no cure. Alongside medication, non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) may be used as an adjunct therapy to attenuate the motor symptoms experienced by people with PD. However, there is considerable heterogeneity in the evidence exploring the effects of NIBS for improving aspects of physical function in people with PD. Therefore, this protocol paper will outline the objectives, structure and procedure of a proposed umbrella review which will comprehensively summarise and map the current body evidence on the effectiveness of NIBS for improving physical function in people with PD.

Methods and analysis
This study will adhere to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) reviewer’s manual and the PRISMA guidelines for conducting an umbrella review. The protocol is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022380544). The population, intervention, comparison, and outcomes (PICO) method will be used to guide the search strategies and inclusion/exclusion criteria. Systematic reviews, with or without meta-analyses, based on quantitative or mixed-methods studies, will be searched for, and then critically evaluated by two authors using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR2) tool. If the data allows, we will run a random effects pooled meta-analysis using standardized mean differences (SMDs), with heterogeneity and publication bias reported using the I2 statistic. We will determine the level of evidence using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations) tool. Overlap in studies across reviews will be assessed using citation matrices and corrected covered areas (CCAs). Lastly, visual bubble plots will display the effects and strength of evidence from each review.

Discussion
This umbrella review will be the first to examine the collective evidence on the effectiveness of NIBS in improving physical outcomes for individuals with PD. It aims to provide an overall understanding of the relationship between NIBS and motor function changes, discuss underlying physiological mechanisms, and identify future therapeutic strategies.

Trial registration
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022380544.
Empirical analysis of spatial heterogeneity in the development of China’s National Fitness Plan
Authors: Hu Yuanbo 
Published: June 2024

Purpose
The National Fitness Plan (NFP) is a vital initiative aimed at realizing Healthy China 2030. This study assessed spatial heterogeneity in the NFP development and the socioeconomic factors contributing to this inequality.

Methods
Data from 31 administrative regions in 2021 were analyzed using four NFP development metrics. Spatial autocorrelation was evaluated using global Moran’s I, followed by global and local regression models for non-random spatial patterns.

Results
National physical fitness exhibited significant clustering (z = 5.403), notably a high-high cluster in East China. The global regression model identified three socioeconomic factors in the geographically weighted regression model: per capita disposable income and the number of public buses positively affected national physical fitness, while general public budget expenditure had a negative impact.

Conclusions
Persistent unequal NFP development is projected due to income disparities in economically backward regions. To promote the NFP effectively, a cost-efficient strategy includes creating 15-minute fitness circles, especially by establishing public sports facilities in Western China communities. These findings inform policy priorities for advancing the NFP towards Healthy China 2030.
10 ans d'arrêts sur images, une pédagogie en mouvement
Authors: Houdé Joëlle , Manaresi Pietro 
Published: June 2024

Résumé. En 2013, la pédagogie du dessin à main levée dans la faculté LOCI s’enrichissait d’un nouvel exercice sur le site de Bruxelles : Arrêts sur images. Dans cet exercice, à partir de l’observation de la narration complexe et aboutie d’un film, l’étudiant·e développe une lecture personnelle et sensible de l’architecture à différentes échelles (le détail, le bâtiment, le paysage). Illustré par une sélection de travaux d´étudiant·es, l’article présente l’état des lieux d’un processus pédagogique entamé il y a dix ans et toujours en mouvement.
Abstract. In 2013, the LOCI faculty added a new freehand drawing exercise in its Brussels campus: Arrêts sur images. Through this exercise, by observing the complex and accomplished narrative of a movie, the student produces a personal and sensitive drawing of architecture at different scales (the detail, the building, the landscape). Illustrated by a selection of students' work, the article takes a snapshot of a teaching process that began ten years ago but is still in the making.
Ecopoetic Noticing: The Intermedial Semiotic Entanglements of Fungi and Lichen
Authors: Azcárate Asunción López-Varela 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This article employs Peircean semiotics to delve into the nuanced realm of “noticing” more-than-human forms of communication. It posits a fundamental challenge to the anthropocentric perspective, asserting that life itself constitutes a distinct form of agency and that voices extend beyond the human domain. Peircean semiotics disrupts the traditional superiority of human cognition and language, emphasizing the continual interplay of diverse signs rooted in various material modalities. Amidst the intricate fabric of more-than-human interactions, the article examines the roles of noise and sound within natural environments. In its exploration, the article turns its focus to the dynamic interplay of very simple organisms, like fungi and lichen, using them as exemplars to enrich comprehension of symbiosis and interconnectedness within communication systems spanning the entire spectrum of living organisms. By accentuating the significance of “noticing” within ecopoetics, the article underscores the latent communicative potential inherent in all life forms, beckoning for a heightened awareness of the voices that echo across the vast tapestry of existence.
Regenerative rehabilitation: a novel multidisciplinary field to maximize patient outcomes
Authors: Deng Chunchu , Aldali Fatima , Luo Hongmei , Chen Hong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Regenerative rehabilitation is a novel and rapidly developing multidisciplinary field that converges regenerative medicine and rehabilitation science, aiming to maximize the functions of disabled patients and their independence. While regenerative medicine provides state-of-the-art technologies that shed light on difficult-to-treated diseases, regenerative rehabilitation offers rehabilitation interventions to improve the positive effects of regenerative medicine. However, regenerative scientists and rehabilitation professionals focus on their aspects without enough exposure to advances in each other’s field. This disconnect has impeded the development of this field. Therefore, this review first introduces cutting-edge technologies such as stem cell technology, tissue engineering, biomaterial science, gene editing, and computer sciences that promote the progress pace of regenerative medicine, followed by a summary of preclinical studies and examples of clinical investigations that integrate rehabilitative methodologies into regenerative medicine. Then, challenges in this field are discussed, and possible solutions are provided for future directions. We aim to provide a platform for regenerative and rehabilitative professionals and clinicians in other areas to better understand the progress of regenerative rehabilitation, thus contributing to the clinical translation and management of innovative and reliable therapies.
Vineyard age-specific cohorts display similar climate x esca relationships but suggest hidden drivers in younger vineyards
Authors: Dewasme Coralie , Azevedo Wander , Gambetta Gregory 
Published: June 2024

Esca is a grapevine disease with a unique visual impact. Plants exhibit leaf necrosis with a tiger-striped pattern, sometimes dramatically apoplectic. Together with the variability in leaf symptom expression from one season to the next, esca is conspicuously visible to vine growers, amplifying their perception of its propagation. A global increase in esca incidence has been observed in the first 10–15 years of this century, making esca one of the major causes of vine mortality and vineyard decline. Research has improved the understanding of this complex disease with symptoms caused by a combination of distinct pathogens in association or succession, as well as by structural and physiological changes. The multifactorial complexity of esca has made understanding the disease challenging. Among the factors environment plays a critical role. Climate change could be contributing to the observed growth in esca incidence, and if true, could continue to exacerbate the disease in the future. This study builds upon an extensive surveying effort carried out by annually monitoring ~57,000 vines across 12 estates in the Bordeaux region for 9 years. We integrated this extensive regional esca incidence database with localised daily weather data to quantify the impact of climatic and pedoclimatic factors on esca incidence. The study confirmed that factors previously explored such as the amount of precipitation early in the season and temperature dynamics later in the season have a clear relationship to disease incidence, but also highlights an important change in disease behaviour in plots planted in the last 10–15 years. Isolating the effect of age of the plots uncovered disease patterns that suggest hidden drivers unrelated to climate which could possibly include changes in propagated vines and/or management techniques.
40 Tahun Reformasi Administrasi, Institusi Perpajakan Belum Berhasil Meningkatkan Tax Ratio
Authors: Bayari Bayari , Isra Saldi , Warman Kurnia , Irianto Edi Slamet 
Published: June 2024

<p class="Abstract-Ina-Text">Indonesia merupakan sebuah <em>welfare state, </em>tercermin dari sila kelima Pancasila, “Keadilan sosial bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia” dan Alinea keempat Pembukan Konstitusi, “memajukan kesejahteraan umum” yang berkeadilan sosial bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia, beserta berbagai pasal dalam Batang Tubuhnya. Untuk mewujudkan visi negara kesejahteraan diperlukan pemerintahan. Penyelenggaraan pemerintahan dan pembangunan memerlukan biaya yang tertuang dalam APBN. Biaya dikumpulkan dari sumber penerimaan negara yang aman, berkelanjutan, dan murah, yakni dari sektor perpajakan. Faktanya, penerimaan dari sektor perpajakan masih kecil dibandingkan potensinya karena masih tingginya<em> tax gap</em> atau rendahnya <em>tax ratio. </em>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari penyebab tingginya<em> tax gap </em>atau rendahnya<em> tax ratio </em>dengan metode penelitian normatif yuridis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa akar masalah rendahnya penerimaan perpajakan adalah masih belum optimalnya efektivitas dan efisiensi kinerja institusi perpajakan walaupun telah 40 tahun (1983-2023) dilakukan reformasi administrasi perpajakan. Buktinya berupa fakta masih rendahnya tingkat kepatuhan sukarela Wajib Pajak dalam memenuhi kewajiban konstitusional untuk membayar perpajakan sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 23A Konstitusi. Rendahnya penerimaan perpajakan dibandingkan dengan kebutuhan APBN mengakibatkan terjadinya defisit anggaran yang berlangsung secara terus-menerus. Defisit anggaran ditutupi dengan pembiayaan berupa utang, baik utang dalam negeri maupu luar negeri. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah diperlukan langkah fundamental (radikal) untuk meningkatkan efektivitas dan efisiensi kinerja DJP dan DJBC berupa peningkatan kapasitas kelembagaan dengan membentuk Badan Penerimaan Perpajakan Negara (BPPN) yang merupakan badan hukum tunggal hasil penggabungan DJP dan DJBC, berstatus hukum setingkat kementerian, dan bertanggung jawab langsung kepada Presiden.</p>
Hybrid FNN-DNN Approach for Early Detection of Cardiac Arrhythmia: A Novel Framework for Enhanced Diagnosis
Authors: Rabia Islam  , Aurangzaib  , Muhammad Kamran Abid  , Yasir Aziz  , Ahmed Naeem  , Naeem Aslam  
Published: June 2024

This work introduces a relatively new hybrid approach to detect arrhythmias noninvasively at the early stages by combining Feedforward Neural Networks (FNN) with Deep Neural Networks (DNN). It is oriented towards the critical area of detecting minute anomalies in the heart rhythm impetuses which are essential to enable prompt management and better results. The foreseen framework tries to solve the gaps in the existing diagnostic methods by using deep learning techniques especially in understanding sequential patterns in medical information. Detection at a speed and on a proper level is a lifesaving key because cardiac arrhythmias can cause serious problems like the stroke and the heart failure. We should make sure that there are more sensitive techniques (other than the traditional ECGs) as the conventional methods (such as ECGs) suffer from some restrictions which may be subjective and also can achieve low accuracy. The distinct attributes of subtle pattern uncovering and making the easy yet precise diagnoses of the Hybrid FNN-DNN model places it a SMART choice for the future. The results demonstrate the need to detect heart rhythm disorders in the early stage as they can have a great influence in terms of patient health and the health sector spending on serious arrhythmia consequences like heart failure or stroke. The effectiveness of the hybrid model in separation between persons with heart disease and the rest is measured by a composite assessment that employs many measures e.g., accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score and AUC-ROC curve analysis. The empirical result highlights that the hybrid model has achieved the same accuracy as both FNN model with 84.8% and DNN model which are 84.8% as well. Another point that the article alludes to is that in the medical environment, deep learning models should be interpretable and provide the therapeutic information needed. Therefore, in order to recognize that the created model coincides with clinical practices and strives to improve patients' care, collaborative efforts with domain experts are carried out. However, the hybrid FNN-DNN strategy is just the beginning for the developing cardiovascular management and treatment field as it provides a good path to progressing with getting better detection and early diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmias. It is necessary to carry out more research and proof-of-concept validation of the proposed tool for a wider population.
Alcohol Advertising Exposure and Drinking Habits Among Chinese Adolescents in 2021: A National Survey
Authors: Ji Ning , Xu Qingqing , Zeng Xinying , Casswell Sally , Bai Yamin , Liu Shiwei 
Published: June 2024

Objectives. To assess the exposure of Chinese adolescents to proalcohol advertising and explore its association with alcohol consumption. Methods. A nationally and regionally representative school-based survey was conducted in mainland China in 2021 among students in grades 7 through 12, aged 13 to 18 years. We assessed adolescent exposure to proalcohol advertising and its association with alcohol consumption. Results. A total of 57 336 students participated in the survey, and the exposure percentage of proalcohol advertising was 66.8%, with no difference between boys and girls or between urban and rural areas. The top 3 exposure channels were television (51.8%), the Internet (43.6%), and outdoor billboards (42.0%). The exposure was higher among students who had consumed alcohol in the past 30 days (80.1% vs 65.1%; adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.29) and in the past 12 months (77.3% vs 61.7%; AOR = 1.30). However, no significant correlation was observed between advertising exposure and drunkenness. Conclusions. Approximately two thirds of Chinese adolescents have been exposed to proalcohol advertising in the past 30 days, with television, the Internet, and outdoor billboards being the most prevalent channels. Exposure to proalcohol advertising exhibits a positive correlation with drinking. ( Am J Public Health. 2024;114(8):814–823. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307680 )