bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Don Dixon: a scholar of marketing and gentleman of the first order
Authors: Wilkinson Ian 
Published: January 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review and synthesise some of the main contributions of Donald F. Dixon to marketing theory and the history of marketing thought.Design/methodology/approachPersonal experience, as well as a review of the major papers and the book Dixon co‐authored are used to highlight the development of his thought and contributions.FindingsDixon championed a broad hierarchical systems approach to understanding marketing and was able to identify the origins of concepts and ideas in history in a way that showed his depth of scholarship, the deep intellectual history of marketing thought and the misrepresenting of earlier theories that are present in some modern writings.Originality/valueDixon's contributions are of major importance but not well known in marketing. It brings together some of his major contributions and indicates their value.
Do China's agricultural policies matter for world commodity markets?
Authors: Hansen Jim , Tuan Francis , Somwaru Agapi 
Published: January 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to quantify the implications of China's recently adopted agricultural policies on domestic and international commodity markets.Design/methodology/approachA systematic, quantitative analysis is applied to address whether China's recent trade and production policies distort China's domestic and international commodity markets. The paper provides a clear picture of how trade‐restricting policies affect markets using a 42‐country partial equilibrium global dynamic agricultural simulation model.FindingsThe paper shows that recent agricultural policy reforms increase China's production slightly, causing imports to decrease while exports decline because of input subsidies, export taxes and the reduction of export value added tax rebates. Domestic prices to consumers decrease in real terms. The effects on world markets are small as the set of policies adopted partially offset each other in the international arena.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper indicates that the adoption of the policy reforms lower price levels domestically and benefit lower income urban and rural households, whose diets are largely based on rice and wheat as staple foods. Future model enhancements should include measures of producer and consumer welfare in order to capture the total impacts of policies and policy changes in China.Originality/valueThe paper quantifies the potential implications of the recent agricultural policy reforms in China. This contributes to the investigation of the effects of these policies implemented by the Chinese Government to achieve the country's policy objectives. Owing to the dynamics of China's policy implementation an in‐depth analysis sheds light and contributes to capturing the impacts of policy reforms on the domestic and international markets.
The influence of agricultural policies on agriculture structure adjustment in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Tsai‐Yu 
Published: January 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to focus on labor movement in the agricultural sector of Taiwan to clarify the relationship between agricultural policy and the agricultural adjustment problem by estimating the labor movement function.Design/methodology/approachThe relationship between agricultural policy and the adjustment process of agricultural labor in Taiwan was analyzed by modeling labor movement between the agricultural sector and other sectors. Through empirical analysis of labor migration function, it is clear that the following policy factors, affect the incentive for labor migration, and obstruct off‐farm labor migration: the price support policy; the incomplete farmland conversion regulations, which increase farmers' farmland possession motive; and government agricultural expenditure, which includes direct transfers to the agricultural sector.FindingsThe study confirms that after the late 1980s the factors that obstruct agricultural adjustment much more than the price support policy are the incomplete farmland conversion regulations and increasing government agricultural payments, from the result of the simulation with the influence of the policy eliminated.Research limitations/implicationsThe implication of this paper is that even though Taiwan has been participating in World Trade Organization from 2002 and consented to cut the tariff on agricultural products and reduce agriculture support policies not linked to production, a delay in labor adjustment between the agricultural sector and other sectors may not necessarily be eliminated if there are other policy factors that affect the incentive for off‐farm migration by farmers.Originality/valueMany studies use the labor migration function for empirical analysis, but most of them estimated the function by a simple single regression which shows that the labor movement from the agricultural sector to the other sectors increases as a result of an expanding wage gap. However, off‐farm labor movement reduces the wage gap between sectors adversely. Therefore, a reverse causal relation exists between labor movement and the wage gap between sectors. The endogeneity problem was considered as analyzing the measurement of the labor migration function.
Bargaining between firms and environmental protection bureaus
Authors: Miao Ruiqing 
Published: January 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the factors that affect China's water pollution in the prospective of environmental enforcement using a bargaining approach.Design/methodology/approachA bargaining model that determines the level of discharge standard and over‐discharge fee is constructed. Comparative static analysis is conducted.FindingsComparative static analysis shows that enlarging the economic incentive of firm managers can aggravate water pollution. Moreover, increasing firm managers' bargaining power or reserve utility has the same negative effect. On the other hand, however, restricting the financial supports for environmental protection bureaus or increasing firm manager's fixed income can alleviate the water pollution.Originality/valueThis is the first research that applies bargaining approach to studying the determination of over‐discharge fees and the standard of discharge level.
Risk relevance of fair value income measures under IAS 39 and IAS 40
Authors: Al‐Yaseen Bashar S. , Aldeen Al‐Khadash Husam 
Published: January 2011

PurposeThis paper seeks to examine the risk relevance of fair value income measures under IAS 39 and IAS 40.Design/methodology/approachThe study sample comprises Jordanian insurance companies. Data were collected from two main sources: Jordanian insurance companies' annual reports, and the official website of the Amman Stock Exchange. The study begins by investigating the volatility of four income measures, calculated by including and excluding holding gains or losses of financial instruments and property investments. Then it examines the association between its four income volatility measures and one stock market‐based risk factor, in order to provide evidence on the risk‐related information content of each income volatility measure.FindingsIncome based on fair values reflects income volatility more than historical cost‐based income. It is also found that income is (not) more volatile with the recognition of unrealized fair value gains/losses on financial instruments (investment property). Results of assessing the relative explanatory power of income volatility measures suggest that not all fair value income volatility measures can be a good proxy of the total risk. On the contrary, none of our income volatility measures provides significant incremental risk‐relevant information for total risk.Originality/valueMost prior studies have focused on the value relevance of fair value accounting in Western developed countries, and mainly in the banking sector. This study makes a significant contribution to existing knowledge via exploring the applications of fair value accounting by insurance companies and investigating the implications of mark‐to‐market on risk, instead of share price, in an emerging country – Jordan. The findings of this study are useful to researchers and capital‐market participants interested in explaining accounting and market risk measures.
A pharmacokinetic and safety study of single dose intravenous combretastatin A4 phosphate in Chinese patients with refractory solid tumours
Authors: He Xuexin , Li Su , Huang He , Li Zhiming , Chen Likun , Ye Sheng , Huang Jiajia , Zhan Jing , Lin Tongyu 
Published: January 2011

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • Three pharmacokinetic and safety studies for combretastatin A4 phosphate (CA4P), the first vascular disrupting agent, have been conducted in Western countries.• The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was approximately 60–68 mg m−2.• CA4P‐related grade 3 or 4 adverse events were tumour pain, dyspnoea, hypoxia and syncope in patients who received doses ≥50 mg m−2. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS • This is the first pharmacokinetic and safety study conducted in East Asian patients.• There appeared to be a trend that Chinese patients metabolized CA4 more rapidly and had greater neurotoxicity than patients in Western countries.• We observed favourable clinical responses in patients with refractory nasopharyngeal carcinoma.• CA4P‐induced acute renal failure was seen in one dehydrated Chinese patient.AIMS This trial was conducted to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of combretastatin A4 phosphate (CA4P) given intravenously as a single dose to Chinese patients with refractory solid tumours.METHODS Twenty‐five patients were treated with single doses of CA4P according to a dose escalation scheme: 5, 10, 20, 33, 50, 65 and 85 mg m−2 infused intravenously over 30 min.RESULTS CA4P was generally well tolerated at ≤65 mg m−2. Transient, moderate increases in the heart rate‐corrected QT interval occurred at all doses. CA4P produced a transient dose‐dependent increase in neural and gastrointestinal toxicities. Acute renal failure occurred in one dehydrated patient who had also taken paracetamol. There were seven episodes of dose‐limiting toxicity at doses ≥65 mg m−2, including two episodes of reversible ataxia at 85 mg m−2. For CA4P, at 50 mg m−2, mean (SD) peak plasma concentration (Cmax) was 0.99 (0.33) µm, area under the curve from time zero to time of last quantifiable concentration (AUC(0,t)) was 1.42 (0.30) µm h and terminal elimination half‐life (t1/2) was 1.81 (0.61) h. At 65 mg m−2, Cmax was 1.73 (0.62) µm, AUC(0,t) was 3.19 (1.47) µm h and t1/2 was 1.90 (0.61) h. One patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma had an obvious clinical response with central necrosis in the metastatic lung mass.CONCLUSION Doses ≤65 mg m−2 given as 30 min infusions define the maximum tolerated dose in East Asian patients, and doses in the range of 50–65 mg m−2 have been selected for further studies.
Efficacy of several digital radiographic imaging systems for laboratory determination of endodontic file length
Authors: Oliveira M. L. , Ambrosano G. M. B. , Almeida S. M. , Haiter‐Neto F. , Tosoni G. M. 
Published: January 2011

Oliveira ML, Ambrosano GMB, Almeida SM, Haiter‐Neto F, Tosoni GM. Efficacy of several digital radiographic imaging systems for laboratory determination of endodontic file length. International Endodontic Journal, 44, 469–473, 2011.AbstractAim  To compare the efficacy of different digital radiographic imaging systems for determining the length of endodontic files.Methodology  K‐type endodontic files were introduced into the canals of 40 extracted human permanent single‐rooted teeth and fixed in place at random lengths. The teeth were radiographed using Digora Optime®, CygnusRay MPS® and CDR Wireless® digital imaging systems. Six observers measured every file length in all the images and repeated this procedure in 50% of the image samples, and assigned a score to the level of difficulty found. Analysis of variance for differences between digital systems and Tukey’s test were performed. The level of intraobserver agreement was measured by intraclass correlation. The assigned scores were evaluated by Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn’s tests.Results  The CDR Wireless values did not differ significantly from the actual lengths and the CygnusRay MPS values. The Digora Optime system was significantly different from the others and overestimated the values (P ≤ 0.05). The Digora Optime was significantly easier to use for taking measurements and the CygnusRay MPS the most difficult (P ≤ 0.05). All digital radiographic imaging systems showed excellent agreement with the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient >0.95.Conclusions  The three digital radiographic imaging systems were precise. The CDR Wireless system was significantly more accurate in determining endodontic file lengths, and similarly to Digora Optime, was considered the least difficult to use when assessing endodontic file lengths.
Cost‐effectiveness of strategies to establish a European bison metapopulation in the Carpathians
Authors: Kuemmerle Tobias , Perzanowski Kajetan , Akçakaya H. Resit , Beaudry Frederic , Van Deelen Timothy R. , Parnikoza Ivan , Khoyetskyy Pavlo , Waller Donald M. , Radeloff Volker C. 
Published: January 2011

Summary 1. Where populations are confined to fragmented, human‐dominated landscapes, preventing declines and extirpations will often rely on metapopulation management. Spatially‐explicit population viability analyses provide tools to evaluate how well the local management efforts can be combined to conserve metapopulations across large areas. Yet, metapopulation models have rarely been combined with tools to assess the cost‐effectiveness of different conservation strategies. 2. European bison Bison bonasus only occur in small, fragmented populations, making their long‐term survival dependent on establishing a metapopulation across eastern Europe. We parameterized a European bison metapopulation model based on time‐series of bison demography and a habitat suitability map to assess the viability of bison populations in the Carpathians and the relative cost‐effectiveness of (i) reintroductions, (ii) wildlife overpasses and (iii) anti‐poaching measures in establishing a viable bison metapopulation. 3. Our results suggest that the Carpathians could support a viable metapopulation of European bison provided that active efforts are taken to safeguard bison and connect isolated herds. With such steps, our model forecasts that bison numbers could increase substantially over the next 100 years as local populations increase and bison recolonize parts of the Carpathians. 4. Reintroductions appear to be the most cost‐effective approach for establishing a viable bison metapopulation among our scenarios, especially when coupled with wildlife overpasses to improve connectivity among herds. The most promising region for a bison metapopulation in the Carpathians was south‐eastern Poland, Ukraine and northern Romania. We identified several candidate regions for reintroductions and wildlife overpasses, especially in the border region of Romania and Ukraine. Site‐specific assessments of both habitat suitability, and the costs and benefits of a large bison population, should target those regions. 5. Synthesis and applications. Our results highlight how careful conservation planning can identify solutions to preserve large mammals in human‐dominated landscapes. Choosing the most effective option from a range of management strategies is a central challenge for wildlife managers. We have shown that incorporating cost‐effectiveness analyses into metapopulation models can elucidate the relative value (gain per unit cost) of different conservation management options, allowing decision makers to choose cost‐effective options to preserve large mammals. Our model projections also provide hope for establishing a viable free‐ranging European bison population in the Carpathians, one of the last relatively wild areas in Europe.
Discriminating microsatellites from Macrophomina phaseolina and their potential association to biological functions
Authors: Arias R. S. , Ray J. D. , Mengistu A. , Scheffler B. E. 
Published: January 2011

One hundred and eighty‐two microsatellites or simple‐sequence‐repeat (SSR) markers for Macrophomina phaseolina were developed. These were tested on 24 isolates of M. phaseolina obtained from seven plant species, and the genetic variation of isolates was studied in relation to potential biological processes that could be affected in this fungus. A total of 120 SSR markers were polymorphic, amplifying >90% of the 24 isolates tested. Thirty percent of the markers showed multiple alleles on individual samples. A large number of markers showed unique alleles in isolates collected from pumpkin and snap bean. DNA sequences corresponding to 43 markers had significant hits on blastx and/or blast2go, and the polymorphism of 36 of those markers showed specific allele patterns for one or more plant host origin of the isolates. Additional tests on growth rate and copper resistance of the isolates identified markers that could be related to those traits. In addition, 27 markers were monomorphic and amplified all 24 isolates. Whereas polymorphic markers can be used for population genetics studies of M. phaseolina, the group of 27 monomorphic markers could help in the fast identification of this species in clinical specimens. The SSR markers developed here will enrich the limited molecular marker resource in M. phaseolina and could be used as the basis for more in‐depth studies of the host‐pathogen interactions of M. phaseolina.
Colletotrichum acutatum interactions with unripe and ripe strawberry fruits and differential responses at histological and transcriptional levels
Authors: Guidarelli M. , Carbone F. , Mourgues F. , Perrotta G. , Rosati C. , Bertolini P. , Baraldi E. 
Published: January 2011

Microscopic investigations were conducted into the interaction of Colletotrichum acutatum on white and red strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) fruit surfaces. The results showed that, whilst the early interaction events were similar in both white and red fruits, after 24 h fungal colonization dramatically varied: in white fruits C. acutatum became quiescent as melanized appressoria, but on red fruits it displayed subcuticular necrotrophic invasion. A microarray analysis of white and red strawberries after 24 h of interaction with C. acutatum was performed, in order to reveal differences in gene expression possibly related to the different susceptibility of unripe and ripe fruits. Epi/catechin‐related genes and fatty acid metabolism genes, involved in the production of quiescence‐related molecules such as flavan‐3‐ols, proanthocyanidins and antifungal dienes, were found to be regulated during strawberry ripening, supporting a role for these molecules as preformed defence mechanisms. Besides several genes commonly regulated upon pathogen interaction, different genes were specifically transcribed only in white or red challenged fruits; a number of these, such as those coding for lectin and polyphenol oxidase, possibly account for specific pathogen‐induced responses. The putative biological role of these genes in the different susceptibility of fruits to C. acutatum is discussed.
High allergen‐specific serum immunoglobulin E levels in nonatopic West Highland white terriers
Authors: Roque Joana B. , O’Leary Caroline A. , Kyaw‐Tanner Myat , Latter Melanie , Mason Kenneth , Shipstone Michael , Vogelnest Linda , Duffy David 
Published: January 2011

AbstractHuman and canine atopic dermatitis (AD) share an association with IgE specific to environmental allergens, but few studies have evaluated serum allergen‐specific IgE in nonatopic dogs. This study compared serum allergen‐specific IgE levels in 30 atopic and 18 nonatopic West Highland white terriers. Atopic dermatitis was confirmed using standard criteria. Nonatopic dogs were over 5 years of age and had no clinical signs or history of AD. Serum allergen‐specific IgE levels were measured with Allercept®IgE ELISAs using a 48‐allergen Australian panel. Positive reactions were defined as ≥150 ELISA absorbance units. Intradermal tests were performed in 16 atopic dogs, either at the time of or at various times prior to serum collection. In atopic dogs, the most common positive ELISA and intradermal test results were toDermatophagoides farinae(11 of 30 dogs), but there were no statistically significant correlations between results from the two methods for any allergen. In nonatopic dogs, multiple high‐positive ELISA reactions were reported to 45 of 48 allergens, most commonlyD. farinaeandTyrophagus putrescentiae (17 of 18 dogs each). Positive ELISA results in nonatopic dogs were statistically significantly higher than those in atopic dogs for 44 of 48 allergens, including two allergens (D. farinaeandDermatophagoides pteronyssinus) commonly regarded as significant in canine AD. In conclusion, positive allergen‐specific IgE ELISAs were not specific for canine AD, and high allergen‐specific IgE levels were seen in nonatopic dogs. The clinical significance of this and whether it characterizes a protective phenotype is unclear.
Analytische und tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen zur Bewertung des Proteins von Körnermais nach unterschiedlicher Trocknung1
Authors: Huss W. , Deubelius Inge , Mühlbauer W. , Dessouky A. 
Published: January 2011

ZusammenfassungFür Qualitätsänderungen des Maisproteins während der Trocknung sind nicht die Temperatur der Trocknungsluft, sondern der zeitliche Verlauf von Korntemperatur und Feuchtigkeitsgehalt der Körner maßgebend. Es wurden Trocknungsversuche an einem Labortrockner durchgeführt, der es gestattet, Luft‐ und Korntemperatur während des Versuchs zu messen.Die Ergebnisse bilden in Verbindung mit analytischen und tierexperimentellen Parametern der Proteinqualität die Voraussetzungen für eine mathematische Formulierung des Zusammenhangs zwischen thermischer Behandlung und Veränderungen der Proteinqualität, wie sie zur rechnerischen Optimierung des Trocknungsprozesses dienen kann (vgl. 4. Mitt.).Die Trocknungsversuche erfolgten mit Maiskörnern der Sorte Inrakorn und Limac aus 4 verschiedenen Erntejahren. Sie wurden in unterschiedlichem Reifestadium mit Feuchtigkeitsgehalten zwischen 32 und 46% geerntet. Trotz variierender Proteingehalte (9,3–12,0% i.TS) bestanden keine nennenswerten Unterschiede im Aminosäurenmuster, insbesondere ergaben sich keine signifikanten Differenzen in den Lysingehalten (3,0–3,1 g/ 16 g N). Beim Protein des Erntegutes wurden in N‐Bilanzversuchen mit wachsenden Ratten Wahre Verdaulichkeit (89–92%), Biologische Wertigkeit (53–59%) und Netto‐Protein‐Verwertung (49–54%) ermittelt.
Wachstum, Futterverwertung und Proteingehalt einzelner Organe bei unterschiedlicher Zink‐ und Nickelversorgung
Authors: Mathur A. K. , Reichlmayr‐Lais A. M. , Kirchgessner M. 
Published: January 2011

ZusammenfassungIn einem zweifaktoriellen Versuch mit variierender Zink‐ und Nickelversorgung wurden an Ratten über einen weiten Versorgungsbereich der beiden Elemente Wirkungen von Interaktionen zwischen Nickel und Zink auf Wachstum, Futteraufnahme, Futterverwertung sowie Proteinkonzentration in Serum, Leber und Pankreas untersucht. Mit Ausnahme der Futterverwertung wirkten sich Interaktionen zwischen Zink und Nickel auf alle Parameter aus, wenn bestimmte Relationen dieser Elemente zueinander verändert waren. Vor allem anhand des Wachstums konnte gezeigt werden, daß weder höhere Ni‐Zulagen Zn‐Mangel, noch höhere Zn‐Zulagen Ni‐Toxicität mildern konnten.