bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study on Optimization of SiO2 Nanoparticles Modification and Flowing Property
Authors: Zhang Dong , Ye Yuze , Zhou Runnan , Wei Jianguang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTNanoparticles have received much attention as potential agents to enhance oil recovery (EOR) in low‐permeability reservoirs recently. Compared to water or polymer solutions, they exhibit small sizes and superior rheology, which is important for low porosity and permeability petroleum rocks with nanopores. While the use of nanofluids as injection fluids for enhanced oil recovery has been explored in past studies, application conditions of hydrophobic nanoparticles have not been explored to date. In this study, different hydrophobic functional groups were used to graft on the surface of SiO2 nanoparticles for wettability alteration applications. The synthesized nanoparticles were identified and optimized using contact angle measurement and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). At last, core flowing experiments combined with NMR tests were conducted to study the fluid flow properties of low porosity and permeability reservoirs. Based on the results obtained in this study, the nanoparticles modified by KH570 have the best hydrophobic effect, the optimal reaction conditions including pH = 6, reaction temperature of 84°C, and modifier dosage of 25%. The proportion of 30% between nanoparticles and pores has been recommended as the ideal condition for use in improving flow capacity in low‐permeability reservoirs. Our findings offer fresh insights into the fundamental investigations on the implications of nanofluid injection for enhanced oil recovery at a microscale scale.
Neutrophil‐to‐Lymphocyte Ratio as a Predictor for PD‐L1 Inhibitor Treatment in Recurrent or Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Gao Kun , Wei Zhigong , Liu Zheran , Pei Yiyan , Li Huilin , Song Ge , Xiang Jin , Ge Junyou , Qing Yan , Wei Youneng , Ai Ping , Chen Ye , Peng Xingchen 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundNeutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) can be treated as a simple indicator of patients' immune status by representing the state of the systemic inflammatory response. Immunotherapy now is the accepted second‐line treatment for recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (R/M NPC). However, the significance of NLR in patients with R/M NPC undergoing treatment with PD‐L1 (programmed cell death‐ligand 1) inhibitors is still uncertain.MethodsWe analyzed the relationship between baseline NLR with 153 patients' efficacy and survival from a multicenter, prospective, Phase 2 study. We employed restricted cubic spline plots to get the nonlinear relationship between NLR and progression‐free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS). We identified the ideal cut‐off value through the analysis of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve). We used Logistic regression, Cox regression, Log‐rank test, and Kaplan–Meier method to analyze the association between NLR and patients' disease control rate (DCR) and PFS or OS.ResultsThe ideal threshold value for NLR was 2.826. NLR was identified as a significant independent predictor of DCR (OR = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.05–0.48, p = 0.001), indicating that a higher NLR is associated with worse DCR. NLR (AUC = 0.634) showed superior predictive capability for DCR in comparison to lymphocytes (AUC = 0.602) and neutrophils (AUC = 0.593). High NLR values were risk factors both for poor PFS (HR = 2.53, 95% CI = 1.58–4.06, p < 0.001) and OS (HR = 3.89, 95% CI = 2.09–7.24, p < 0.001).ConclusionElevated NLR is strongly associated with lower response to treatment and reduced survival rates in patients with R/M NPC being treated with PD‐L1 inhibitors. Patients with high NLR values have poor efficacy and survival.
Biosurfactant Enhanced Saturated Pool Boiling Heat Transfer Over Plain Copper Surface and Prediction Through Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Sahu Pragati P. , Jha Prashant K. , Swain Abhilas , Sarangi Radha K. , Kar Satya P. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the impact of coco glucoside, a bio‐surfactant, on heat transfer during pool boiling experiments with acetone, methanol, and ethanol using a smooth copper surface. Solutions containing coco glucoside were tested at concentrations of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mL per 100 mL of fluid (500, 1000, and 1500 ppm). The research focused on heat transfer coefficients (HTC), bubble formation, and surface temperatures to assess how coco glucoside influences heat transfer efficiency. The results are presented in terms of wall superheat and boiling HTC with respect to heat flux and concentration of coco‐glucoside. The results indicate that coco glucoside enhances heat transfer efficiency in acetone and methanol when used at concentrations up to 1000 ppm. Specifically, the maximum HTC observed at the 1 mL concentration of surfactant was 12,121 W/m²K for acetone and 8185 W/m²K for methanol, representing improvements of 11% and 26%, respectively, compared to pure liquids. These improvements are attributed to lower surface tension and enhanced bubble nucleation. However, at a concentration of 1500 ppm, a decrease in HTC was noted, likely due to micelle formation. In contrast, ethanol exhibited a continuous increase in HTC with rising coco glucoside concentration, achieving a 35% improvement at 1500 ppm. Additionally, the study explored predicting HTC using machine learning algorithms. K‐nearest neighbors (KNNs) and random forest models were evaluated. KNN achieved an R² of 0.9895 and a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 7.495% for acetone, while random forest (RF) showed an R² of 0.9785 and a MAPE of 12.01% for ethanol. These findings demonstrate the potential of coco glucoside in improving heat transfer and the effectiveness of machine learning in optimizing thermal management processes.
Inkjet‐printed reconfigurable and recyclable memristors on paper
Authors: Chen Jinrui , Xiao Mingfei , Chen Zesheng , Khan Sibghah , Ghosh Saptarsi , Macadam Nasiruddin , Chen Zhuo , Zhou Binghan , Yun Guolin , Wilk Kasia , Psaltakis Georgios , Tian Feng , Fairclough Simon , Xu Yang , Oliver Rachel , Hasan Tawfique 
Published: February 2025

AbstractReconfigurable memristors featuring neural and synaptic functions hold great potential for neuromorphic circuits by simplifying system architecture, cutting power consumption, and boosting computational efficiency. Building upon these attributes, their additive manufacturing on sustainable substrates further offers unique advantages for future electronics, including low environmental impact. Here, exploiting the structure–property relationship of inkjet‐printed MoS2 nanoflake‐based resistive layer, we present paper‐based reconfigurable memristors. We demonstrate a sustainable process covering material exfoliation, device fabrication, and device recycling. With >90% yield from a 16 × 65 device array, our memristors demonstrate robust resistive switching, with >105 ON–OFF ratio and <0.5 V operation in non‐volatile state. Through modulation of compliance current, the devices transition into a volatile state, with only 50 pW switching power consumption. These performances rival state‐of‐the‐art metal oxide‐based counterparts. We show device recyclability and stable, reconfigurable operation following disassembly, material collection and re‐fabrication. We further demonstrate synaptic plasticity and neuronal leaky integrate‐and‐fire functionality, with disposable applications in smart packaging and simulated medical image diagnostics. Our work shows a sustainable pathway toward printable, reconfigurable neuromorphic devices, with minimal environmental footprints.image
Phosphorus budgets of intensively managed row crops at a long‐term agroecosystem research site in the upper US Midwest
Authors: Hussain Mir Zaman , Hamilton Stephen K. , Basso Bruno , Robertson G. Philip 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPhosphorus (P) budgets for cropping systems provide insights for keeping soil P at optimal levels for crops while avoiding excess inputs. We quantified 12 years of P inputs (fertilizer and atmospheric deposition) and outputs (harvest and leaching losses) for replicated maize (Zea mays L.)—soybean (Glycine max L.)—wheat (Triticum aestivum) crop rotations under conventional, no‐till, reduced input, and biologically based (organic without compost or manure) management systems at the Kellogg Biological Station LTAR site in southwest Michigan. Conventional, no‐till, and reduced input systems were fertilized between 13 and 50 kg P ha−1 depending on year. Soil test phosphorus (STP) was measured at 0‐ to 25‐cm depth every autumn. Leached P was measured as dissolved P in the soil solution sampled beneath the rooting depth and combined with modeled percolation. Fertilization and harvest were the predominant P fluxes in the fertilized systems, whereas only harvest dominated P flux in the unfertilized organic system. Leaching losses were minor terms in the budgets, but leachate concentrations were nevertheless close to the range of concern for downstream eutrophication. Over the 12‐year study period, the organic system exhibited a negative P balance (−82.0 kg P ha−1), coinciding with suboptimal STP levels, suggesting a need for P supplementation. In contrast, the fertilized systems showed positive P balances (mean: 70.1 kg P ha−1) with STP levels well above agronomic optima. Results underscore the importance of tailored P management strategies to sustain crop productivity while mitigating environmental impacts.
Assignment of Thermogravimetric Mass Losses to Soil Organic Matter, Its Fractions Hot Water–Extractable and Microbial Biomass Carbon, and Organic Matter–Stabilizing Soil Mineral Properties
Authors: Ortner Malte , Seidel Michael , Diehl Dörte , Vohland Michael , Thiele‐Bruhn Sören 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe stability of soil organic matter (SOM) can be characterized by thermal analysis. Methods to determine the thermal stability of SOM have recently been increasingly applied in soil analysis. Most studies focus on organic carbon (OC), whereas its subfractions, for example, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) or hot water–extractable carbon (HWEC), representing fast‐reacting pools, have been less investigated.AimA set of 100 soil samples was analyzed for thermal mass losses and their relation to SOM and soil mineral phase properties.MethodThe temperature‐dependent mass losses were determined by thermogravimetric analysis. For this purpose, soils differing in terms of parent material, soil texture, and land use were characterized and analyzed.ResultsTemperature ranges of mass losses and corresponding fractions of different thermal stability (thermolabile and thermostable) were defined. SOM‐related parameters were highly correlated with mass losses of the thermolabile fractions. Mass losses of thermostable matter were significantly correlated with soil mineral phase parameters. The soil thermostability index (STSI) was calculated as the ratio of thermolabile and thermostable mass proportions, represented by the mass losses of selected temperature intervals. Regressions of STSI with ratios of mineral phase parameters to OC (e.g., clay/OC), representing the saturation degree of the mineral phase with OC, HWEC, or MBC, yielded strong relationships.ConclusionThe saturation of the mineral phase with OC determines the thermal stability of OC. Overall, relevant factors for OC thermal stability were identified. OC and HWEC were significantly correlated with thermal stability and mineral phase saturation. For MBC, no such relationship was found, indicating that its stability is driven by other factors.
Reliability of Physician Estimation of Pelvic Free Fluid Volume on the Pediatric Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma
Authors: Shaahinfar Ashkon , Wiebelhaus Jennifer Rosin , Addo Newton , Cohen Ronald A. , Karakas‐Rothey Pinar , Kornblith Aaron E. 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesTo evaluate the reliability of physician gestalt estimation of pelvic free fluid volume on pediatric Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST). To determine a reliable cut‐off volume and characteristics associated with small pelvic free fluid.MethodsOur study assessed the ability of 2 ultrasound‐trained pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) physicians and 2 pediatric radiologists to characterize pelvic free fluid in a retrospective convenience sample of archived FAST from a Level 1 pediatric trauma center, April 2018–June 2020. Inter‐ and intra‐rater reliability were measured to determine the most reliable volume cut‐off. Chi‐squared and Fisher's exact tests determined characteristics associated with physiologic fluid and fluid volume.ResultsEighty‐one (10.2%) of 797 FAST had pelvic fluid and met inclusion criteria. Volume estimates using none/trace/small versus moderate/large classifications were moderately reliable by the PEM physicians (κ = 0.65 [95% CI, 0.63–0.66]; raw agreement = 92%) and radiologists (κ = 0.48 [95% CI, 0.47–0.49]; raw agreement = 91%). This volume cut‐off demonstrated higher reliability for both groups and greater agreement for PEM physicians than none/trace versus small/moderate/large. Girls (P = .005), isoechoic (P = .045), and location posterior to bladder (P < .001) were associated with physiologic fluid and hyperechoic (P = .019) with non‐physiologic fluid. Hyperechoic (P < .001), anterior (P < .001), lateral (P = .04), or “other” location (P < .001) relative to the bladder were associated with moderate/large volume.ConclusionsUltrasound‐trained PEM physicians and pediatric radiologists can reliably use gestalt estimation to distinguish moderate or large fluid from smaller pelvic fluid volumes on pediatric FAST.
Breast Reconstruction With Low‐Design Bilateral Conjoined Superficial Inferior Epigastric Artery Flap due to Abdominal Mercedes‐Benz Incision Scar: A Case Report
Authors: Takeishi Hakuba , Miyamoto Shimpei , Kurita Daichi , Tanabe Masahiko , Okazaki Mutsumi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBreast reconstruction using an abdominal flap in patients with scarring on the upper abdomen is challenging. We present herein a new approach to two‐stage breast reconstruction using a low‐design bilateral conjoined superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA) flap in a 48‐year‐old woman with breast cancer and a Mercedes‐Benz abdominal scar. The 30 × 8 cm2 abdominal flap was designed more inferior than the conventional deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap, excluding the umbilicus and widening the width between the transverse scar of the Mercedes‐Benz incision and the cephalad incision line of the flap. This modification preserved the paraumbilical DIEPs within the upper abdominal skin of the donor site while the abdominal flap was harvested with the bilateral superficial inferior epigastric arteries as the main vascular pedicles. The left and right vascular pedicles were then anastomosed to the proximal and distal ends of the internal mammary vessels, respectively. The flap survived completely after surgery and the donor site healed without any major complications. 6 months after surgery, the reconstructed breast was slightly smaller than its counterpart, although it maintained good shape. The low‐flap design in this case contributed to the prevention of donor‐site complications, and the use of a bilateral conjoined SIEA flap allowed for the transfer of the entire abdominal pannus without compromising the strength of the abdominal wall. The case reported herein shows that this technique can be a viable reconstructive option for patients with a history of scarring on the upper abdomen.
A KAM Theorem for a Class of Reversible Systems With a Large Perturbation
Authors: Chen Lu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn the present paper, for a class of reversible systems with a large nonautonomous perturbation, we prove that there is an invariant torus for almost all given Diophantine frequency vectors. As for application, we also prove that the solution of some finite dimensional reversible systems is bounded for almost all initial data.
Atomic Column Generation for Consensus Between Algorithms: Application to Path Computation
Authors: Martin Sebastien , Bauguion Pierre , Magnouche Youcef , Leguay Jérémie 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn real‐life applications, most optimization problems are variants of well‐known combinatorial optimization problems, including additional constraints to fit with a particular use case. Usually, efficient algorithms to handle a restricted subset of these additional constraints already exist or can be easily derived, but combining them together is difficult. The goal of our paper is to provide a framework that allows merging several so‐called atomic algorithms to solve an optimization problem, including all associated additional constraints together. The core proposal, referred to as Atomic Column Generation (ACG) and derived from Dantzig–Wolfe decomposition, allows converging to an optimal global solution with any kind of atomic algorithms. We show that this decomposition improves the continuous relaxation and describe the associated Branch‐and‐Price algorithm. We consider a specific use case in telecommunication networks where several Path Computation Elements (PCE) are combined as atomic algorithms to route traffic. We demonstrate the efficiency of ACG on the resource‐constrained shortest path problem associated with each PCE and show that it remains competitive with benchmark algorithms.
Are Cities in Advanced Countries Saturated in Population Size?
Authors: Mitra Arup , Tripathi Sabyasachi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAlthough the focus on urbanization has shifted to developing countries, developed countries still face several challenges. In this regard, the present study proposes to investigate the capacity of cities in developed countries in terms of population size and reflects on the interaction between the city's core and hinterland areas. In addition, the impact of cities on employment, gross domestic product, and productivity, as well as the short‐ and long‐term relationship between them, are examined. We estimate Gini coefficients and apply panel stochastic frontier and panel cointegration approaches using data from 688 cities in 39 advanced countries to test our hypothesis. The estimated results show that the number of million‐plus cities growing in developed nations varies widely, and a city's hinterland and core vary in terms of population concentrations. The population in the core and hinterland areas have achieved saturation point. Therefore, the benefits of agglomeration economies have disappeared from these cities. It thus concurs with the S‐shaped urbanization curve. The population concentration in the hinterland region is negatively impacted by territorial fragmentation and mean population exposure to particulate matter of 2.5 air pollution. There is a need to improve the density and management of environmental degradation through higher investment in making cities more productive and sustainable.
Bayesian Modeling of Repairable Systems With Imperfect Coverage and Delayed Detection Dynamics
Authors: Kumar Amit , Shekhar Chandra 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn this research article, we thoroughly examine the dynamics of a repairable system, emphasizing a two‐unit configuration through a Bayesian perspective. The study integrates diverse prior distributions to model the uncertainty of unknown parameters, incorporating the coverage factor as a probabilistic measure of successful recovery from operational unit failures. The temporal characteristics of unit failure and repair are modeled using exponential distributions, ensuring analytical tractability and robustness. The repair process is bifurcated into two distinct phases: fault detection and location, followed by actual repair, with each phase governed by exponential distributions. Additionally, recovery and reboot times for failed units are also characterized by exponential distributions to maintain consistency in the probabilistic model. To address parameter uncertainty, we adopt a Bayesian methodology, enabling a comprehensive evaluation of system performance metrics. Monte Carlo simulations are employed to derive posterior distributions for critical parameters, including the mean time to system failure and steady‐state availability, offering deeper insights into the system's reliability profile. To validate the efficacy of the proposed methodology, extensive numerical experiments are conducted, providing a robust confirmation of the analytical models and computational techniques.
Coupling of X‐AES Transitions and XPS Photopeaks to Assess the Oxide Formation of Ga and in CuIn0.7Ga0.3Se2 Material During Air Aging
Authors: Gagliardi Anna , Fairley Neal , Rebai Amelle , Etcheberry Arnaud , Naghavi Negar , Guillemoles Jean‐François , Bouttemy Muriel , Béchu Solène 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe solar absorber Cu (In0.7Ga0.3)Se2 (CIGS) undergoes a process of evolution upon exposure to the atmosphere, resulting in the growth of oxide phases. This phenomenon can potentially affect the interfacial properties of CIGS, which in consequence may impact the efficiency of the solar cell. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is an appropriate method to analyze the degradation of CIGS upon air aging. However, many photopeaks and Auger lines of the constitutive elements are distributed along the energy scale, and the exact determination of the degradation within the CIGS absorber requires specific care to select peaks to consider to ensure that information arise from similar escape depths. In this study, we propose to investigate the kinetics of degradation of Ga and In at similar depths probed by coupling not only photopeaks but also X‐Auger electron spectroscopy (X‐AES) transitions in the absence of photopeaks in the same energy range. If photopeaks modeling is well established for In and Ga, a decomposition procedure of the X‐AES transitions must be developed. Both linear and nonlinear least square fitting were used and compared, starting to model CIGS, In2O3, and Ga2O3 references to deploy it after on Auger transitions measured on aged samples. Thanks to the determination of the degradation ratios (oxide phase over CIGS phase) at 3, 7, and 9 nm depth, we show that both In and Ga exhibit similar kinetic of oxide formation, which proceeds gradually by O penetration through the subsurface of the material, this penetration being more and more attenuated deeper.
Falling Asleep on the Job: The Efficacy of a Short App‐Based Mindfulness Intervention to Improve Sleep Quality and Quantity Within the Workforce
Authors: Daniel Carole , Leyrat Clémence , Gentina Elodie , Mesmer‐Magnus Jessica , Guidice Rebecca , Bailly Sebastien 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTQuality sleep is among the most important determinants of psychological and physical well‐being. Insufficient sleep quality and quantity directly affect individuals; in turn, they indirectly affect the productivity, viability and safety of workplaces. Sleep issues also represent a global health concern for people and workplaces around the world. In addition to pharmaceutical aids, effective and accessible interventions need to address the underlying problems, as might be achieved by behavioural therapies or structured, cognitive interventions like mindfulness‐based programs. The time intensity and relatively high costs of such tactics has limited their widespread adoption though. With a sample of 606 full‐time working adults, the current study tests the potential effectiveness of a short, inexpensive, app‐based, self‐help mindfulness meditation programme for promoting sleep quality and quantity. Using a longitudinal randomised experimental design, the authors compared the utility of a 10‐day mindfulness programme with a passive control group, as well as with an active control group that engaged in 10 days of mind‐wandering exercises. Sleep benefits emerged immediately after the 10‐day intervention but seemingly wore off about three months later. Acknowledging the interactions between sleep, depression and anxiety, we also measured the two latter variables. We also find that the intervention was effective on depression, but not on anxiety. These insights offer implications for both research and practice.