bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of context in relation to policy transfer: a case study of environmental water allocation in Australia
Authors: Swainson Rebecca , de Loe Rob C. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractLearning from the experiences of other jurisdictions has become a common strategy in the face of increasing severe environmental problems around the world. This phenomenon is very common in the water field, where surveys of institutions in other jurisdictions are widely used by practitioners to identify models that can be adopted. A precondition for success in policy transfer is careful consideration of the context within which institutions were developed. This paper explores the importance of context using the example of institutions for environmental water allocation (EWA) in the Murrumbidgee Catchment, in NSW, Australia. The case of EWA in the Murrumbidgee Catchment clearly demonstrates that, in the context of water policies, biophysical considerations must be considered alongside political, social, economic and cultural considerations when evaluating the extent to which water policies designed for one setting can be adopted elsewhere. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
P‐Stereogenic Pinene‐Derived Phosphoramidites and Their Use in Copper‐Catalyzed Conjugate Additions
Authors: Hobuß Dennis , Baro Angelika , Axenov Kirill V. , Laschat Sabine , Frey Wolfgang 
Published: December 2010

AbstractNew P‐stereogenic phosphoramidites based on a (–)‐pinane framework were synthesized and investigated by NMR spectroscopic methods and single‐crystal X‐ray structural analysis. The reaction between cis‐pinandiol 2 and N,N‐dialkylphosphoramidous dichlorides, followed by protection with theBH3·THF adduct, afforded diastereomeric mixtures of PS and PR BH3–phosphoramidite complexes. After separation by column chromatography, these stereoisomers were obtained in a pure form. The BH3 group was further cleaved by treatment with Et2NH at elevated temperature and the obtained free phosphoramidite ligands were used for catalytic enantioselective conjugate addition reactions. As substrates, a series of cyclic and acyclic enones was employed and addition was carried out with Et2Zn in the presence of catalytic amounts of CuI thiophenecarboxylate (CuTC) and a phosphoramidite ligand. The results revealed that the configuration of the phosphorus center controls the configuration of the newly formed stereogenic center of the β‐alkylated ketones.
System peaks in capillary zone electrophoresis of anions with negative voltage polarity and counter‐electroosmotic flow
Authors: Sursyakova Viktoriya V. , Kalyakin Sergey N. , Burmakina Galina V. , Rubaylo Anatoliy I. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe system peaks that often appear on electropherograms in anion separation by CE with indirect spectrophotometric detection, negative voltage polarity and cathodic EOF are studied. The system peaks are shown to correspond to the zones with the changed concentration of the BGE constituents; they appear while the zone of each analyte anion passes through the outlet end of the capillary and are transported to the detector by EOF. An equation is suggested for predicting migration times of the system peaks with an error of 1%. The ratios of the system peak area to the analyte peak area are found to amount to 20%. It is shown that it is possible to avoid overlapping of the system peaks and analyte peaks by controlling the EOF velocity owing to hydrodynamic pressure. Using the mathematical simulation of CE shows that the system peaks and baseline shift can result from changing the transference numbers of the BGE ions and analyte ions at the capillary edge. The cases when the system peak may be incorrectly identified as the peak of analyte ion are considered. In order to avoid such errors, some practical recommendations are given.
Design of separation length and electric field strength for high‐speed DNA electrophoresis
Authors: Ni Yi , Dou Xiaoming , Cheng Shuyi , Zhu Yiming 
Published: December 2010

AbstractGel‐based DNA separation on microchip will play an important role in future genomic analysis due to its potential for high‐efficiency and high‐speed. Optimal design of microchip and separation condition is essential to take full advantage of high‐speed separation on microchip. Separation length L and electric field strength E, which are crucial for design of microchip system, are focused on in this paper. Simultaneous optimization of L and E was carried out to achieve the most rapid separation. It was shown that the condition of L and E and the shortest separation time is closely related to the shape of resolution Rs surface in a three‐dimensional space with axes E, L, and Rs. This surface was investigated, taking sample injection, detector, diffusion, and Joule heating into account. Thermal gradient broadening due to Joule heating helps to produce camber or ridge shape of Rs surface, which is essential for the shortest separation length and separation time. Sample plug length and detection volume should be more carefully controlled in microchip. The property of diffusion coefficient was shown to play a key role in determining Rs surface.
Weight changes during inpatient refeeding of underweight eating disorder patients
Authors: Hart Susan , Abraham Suzanne , Franklin Richard , Russell Janice 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAimTo describe patterns of weight change in patients admitted to a specialised eating disorder program with established protocols for inpatient refeeding.MethodsWeight records between January 2000 and December 2006 were categorised using Body Mass Index (BMI) at first admission (BMI ranges < 14.0, 14.1–17.49, 17.5–18.9 kg/m2). Total weight gained, number of days of inpatient treatment and rate of weekly weight gain were examined.ResultsIn total there were 247 patients representing 414 admissions. The rate of weight gain was 0.77, 0.63 and 0.53 kg/week, respectively, for each BMI group. Twenty patients (8.1%) in the refeeding program did not gain weight.ConclusionWeight gain in underweight patients is highly variable. A greater understanding of the processes that contribute to weight gain, and establishment of best practice in achieving weight gain in patients needs to be determined. This data provide detailed information about expectations for refeeding without artificial feeding. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Why are we waiting? The relationship between low admission weight and end of treatment weight outcomes
Authors: Sly Richard , Bamford Bryony 
Published: December 2010

AbstractInpatient eating disorder units are increasingly being asked to admit patients at lower BMI's, often delaying hospital treatment until medically unavoidable. This paper aims to explore the impact of this trend on treatment outcome. Eighty‐two adults with anorexia nervosa admitted to a national inpatient eating disorder ward were assessed for BMI at admission, length of hospitalisation, discharge BMI and re‐admission within 1‐year post‐treatment. In the current study, admission BMI was unrelated to amount of weight gain during treatment or to length of hospital stay. As such patients admitted at lower BMI's had significantly lower BMI's on discharge from treatment. Low admission BMI's were related to significantly higher likelihoods of re‐admission within 1 year. This study provides strong evidence for the benefit of early treatment episodes and with more successful treatment outcomes being related to higher weights at start of treatment. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Role of media and peers on body change strategies among adult men: Is body size important?
Authors: McCabe Marita P , McGreevy Shauna J 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThere has been limited previous research that has examined the role of sociocultural influences on body change strategies among adult men. The current study investigated the role of specific types of messages (encouragement, teasing and modelling) from peers and the media on the strategies to change weight among adult men. Differences were evaluated between 526 men aged from 18 to 60 years from three groups (normal weight, overweight and obese) on body image, body change strategies and messages about their body received from peers and the media. Men were primarily drawn from United States, Australia and Europe. Results showed that messages received by men regarding losing weight or increasing muscle size differed according to weight. Body image and media messages were the strongest predictors of losing weight, whereas body image importance and messages from peers were the strongest predictors of increasing muscles. These findings highlight the importance of sociocultural influences on body change strategies among adult males. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Emotion and eating in binge eating disorder and obesity
Authors: Zeeck Almut , Stelzer Nicola , Linster Hans Wolfgang , Joos Andreas , Hartmann Armin 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis study compares 20 binge eaters (BED), 23 obese patients (OB) and 20 normal weight controls (CO) with regard to everyday emotions and the relationship between emotions, the desire to eat and binge eating. Modified versions of the Differential Affect Scale and Emotional Eating Scale were used and the TAS‐20 and Symptom‐Check‐List‐27 administered to assess overall psychopathology and alexithymia. BED‐subjects show a more negative pattern of everyday emotions, higher alexithymia scores and the strongest desire to eat, especially if emotions are linked to interpersonal aspects. The emotion most often reported preceding a binge was anger. Feelings of loneliness, disgust, exhaustion or shame lead to binge eating behaviour with the highest probability. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
A Control‐oriented Dynamic Model Adapted to Variant Steam‐to‐carbon Ratios for an SOFC with Exhaust Fuel Recirculation
Authors: Zhang X. , Wu Y.‐M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe steam‐to‐carbon ratio (S/C) is a typical disturbance parameter in the operation of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) power generation system. A planar SOFC with a pre‐reformer and exhaust fuel recirculation system is investigated in this work. A lumped, nonlinear dynamic model is developed for the SOFC with consideration both of the spatial effect and the variant S/Cs. The dynamic model is deduced based on a fitting function so‐called Exponential Association Function, which is employed to describe the spatial distribution of state variables in SOFC. Three parameters of the fitting function are identified to integrate the spatial effect and S/C effect in the model. The parameters of Exponential Association Function are determined by function fitting on three‐dimensional numerical data at the sample operation points. Carbon formation activity is analysed using the simulation results and thermodynamic data. Dynamic simulation is implemented with the help of software MATLAB/SIMULINK. The results show that the developed model has good performance in predicting the responses of the state variables and catching the changes of S/C.
Inheritances, health and death
Authors: Kim Beomsoo , Ruhm Christopher J. 
Published: December 2010

SUMMARYWe examine how wealth shocks, in the form of inheritances, affect the mortality rates, health status and health behaviors of older adults, using data from eight waves of the Health and Retirement Survey. Our main finding is that bequests do not have substantial effects on health, although improvements in quality‐of‐life are possible. This absence occurs despite increases in out‐of‐pocket spending on healthcare and in the utilization of medical services, especially discretionary and non‐lifesaving types such as dental care. Nor can we find a convincing indication of changes in lifestyles that offset the benefits of increased medical care. Inheritances are associated with higher alcohol consumption, but with no change in smoking or exercise and a possible decrease in obesity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discrete choice experiments in health economics: a review of the literature
Authors: de Bekker‐Grob Esther W. , Ryan Mandy , Gerard Karen 
Published: December 2010

SUMMARYDiscrete choice experiments (DCEs) have become a commonly used instrument in health economics. This paper updates a review of published papers between 1990 and 2000 for the years 2001–2008. Based on this previous review, and a number of other key review papers, focus is given to three issues: experimental design; estimation procedures; and validity of responses. Consideration is also given to how DCEs are applied and reported. We identified 114 DCEs, covering a wide range of policy questions. Applications took place in a broader range of health‐care systems, and there has been a move to incorporating fewer attributes, more choices and interview‐based surveys. There has also been a shift towards statistically more efficient designs and flexible econometric models. The reporting of monetary values continues to be popular, the use of utility scores has not gained popularity, and there has been an increasing use of odds ratios and probabilities. The latter are likely to be useful at the policy level to investigate take‐up and acceptability of new interventions. Incorporation of interactions terms in the design and analysis of DCEs, explanations of risk, tests of external validity and incorporation of DCE results into a decision‐making framework remain important areas for future research. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and application of high‐performance liquid chromatography for the study of ampelopsin pharmacokinetics in rat plasma using cloud‐point extraction
Authors: Zhou Jun , Zeng Ping , Tu Hong Hai , Wang Feng Qiao 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA simple, rapid and specific method based on cloud‐point extraction (CPE) was developed to determine ampelopsin in rat plasma after oral administration by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. The non‐ionic surfactant Genapol X‐080 was chosen as the extract solvent. Some important parameters affecting the CPE efficiency, such as the nature and concentration of surfactant, extraction temperature and time, centrifuge time and salt effect, were investigated and optimized. Separation was accomplished using a C18 column by gradient elution with a acetonitrile–phosphate buffer solution as the mobile phase. The detection wavelength was set at 290 nm. Under optimum conditions, the linear range of ampelopsin in rat plasma was 20–2000 ng/mL (r2=0.9996). The limit of detection was 6 ng/mL (S/N=3) with the limit of quantification being 20 ng/mL (S/N=10). The proposed method has been successfully applied for pharmacokinetic studies of ampelopsin from rat plasma after oral administration.
Dynamic three‐phase hollow fiber microextraction based on two immiscible organic solvents with automated movement of the acceptor phase
Authors: Esrafili Ali , Yamini Yadollah , Ghambarian Mahnaz , Moradi Morteza 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDynamic three‐phase hollow fiber liquid–liquid–liquid microextraction (HF‐LLLME) based on two immiscible organic solvents, with automated movement of organic acceptor phase to facilitate mass transfer was introduced for the first time. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were used as model compounds and extracted from water and soil samples. The extraction involved filling an 8 cm length of hollow fiber with 25 μL of organic acceptor solvent using a microsyringe, followed by impregnation of the pores in the fiber wall with n‐dodecane. The fiber was then immersed in 20 mL of aqueous sample solution. During extraction, the organic acceptor phase was repeatedly moved in the lumen of the hollow fiber by movement of the syringe plunger controlled by programmable syringe pump. Following this microextraction, 2 μL of organic acceptor phase was injected into gas chromatography‐flame ionization detector. This new technique provided up to 554‐fold preconcentration of the analytes under the optimized conditions. Good repeatabilities (with RSDs ≤8.4%) were obtained. Detection limits were in the range of 0.2–0.5 μg/L. The utilization of the proposed method for extraction of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from different real samples (such as water and soil samples) also gave good precision and recovery.
Preparation and characterization of magnetic chitosan microsphere sorbent for separation and determination of environmental estrogens through SPE coupled with HPLC
Authors: Xu Zhixiang , Zhang Jing , Cong Li , Meng Ling , Song Jiaming , Zhou Jie , Qiao Xuguang 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this paper, a new separation sorbent of magnetic chitosan microsphere was prepared by means of suspension process using magnetic‐Fe3O4 nanoparticles as magnetic material and glutaraldehyde as the cross‐linker. The morphology and properties of magnetic chitosan microspheres were characterized by FT‐IR, SEM and adsorption test, and the results showed that they had good recognition, high selective ability and fast adsorption–desorption dynamics for estriol (E3), 17β‐estradiol (E2) and diethylstilbestrol (DES). Applying this material as SPE sorbent, a method for separation, enrichment and analysis of estrogens in samples coupled with HPLC was developed. Under the optimized condition, the detection limit (S/N=3) for three estrogens was 3.2–20.1 ng/L, and the RSD for five replicate extractions of 50 μg/L E3, E2 and DES was 4.6–8.3%. The blank river water spiked with E3, E2 and DES at 0.05 and 0.2 mg/L levels were extracted and determined by the developed method with good recoveries ranging from 85.5 to 103.7%.
Separation of γ‐linolenic and other polyunsaturated fatty acids from Boraginaceae via supercritical CO2
Authors: Ghoreishi S. M. , Mardani E. , Ghaziaskar H. S. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractEssential fatty acids were extracted from Echium amoenum (Boraginaceae) seed oil via supercritical carbon dioxide and the results were compared with conventional Soxhlet method as the base case of 100% recovery. The response surface methodology was used to optimize the effective extraction parameters. The chemical composition of recovered oil was analyzed by polar and non‐polar gas chromatograph‐flame ionization detector columns. The experimental results indicated that echium seed contained 25 wt% oil and the maximum extraction oil recovery of 92% was obtained via supercritical CO2 at optimal operating conditions (43°C, 280 bar, 1.5 mL/min, 25 min static time and 130 min dynamic time). At similar operating conditions, applying 2.5 and 5 mol% ethanol as a modifier enhanced the recovery to 96 and 112%, respectively. The results showed that supercritical fluid extraction is a viable technique for separation of constituents such as γ‐linolenic acid (7–8%), palmitic acid (6–7%), stearic acid (3–4%), oleic acid (12–13%), linoleic acid (19–20%), α‐linolenic acid (40–41%) and stearidonic acid (8–9%) from Boraginaceae.
Arithmetical identities and zeta‐functions
Authors: Kanemitsu Shigeru , Ma Jing , Tanigawa Yoshio 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this paper we establish a class of arithmetical Fourier series as a manifestation of the intermediate modular relation, which is equivalent to the functional equation of the relevant zeta‐functions. One of the examples is the one given by Riemann as an example of a continuous non‐differentiable function. The novel interest lies in the relationship between important arithmetical functions and the associated Fourier series. E.g., the saw‐tooth Fourier series is equivalent to the corresponding arithmetical Fourier series with the Möbius function. Further, if we squeeze out the modular relation, we are led to an interesting relation between the singular value of the discontinuous integral and the modification summand of the first periodic Bernoulli polynomial. © 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Endomorphisms of hypersurfaces of Fano manifolds of Picard number 1
Authors: Choe Insong 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIt is conjectured that a Fano manifold X of Picard number 1 which is not a projective space admits no endomorphisms of degree bigger than 1. Beauville confirmed this for hypersurfaces of projective space. We study this problem when X is given by a hypersurface of an arbitrary Fano manifold of Picard number 1. © 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Growth inhibitory efficacy of lycopene and β‐carotene against androgen‐independent prostate tumor cells xenografted in nude mice
Authors: Yang Chih‐Min , Yen Yeu‐Torng , Huang Chin‐Shiu , Hu Miao‐Lin 
Published: December 2010

AbstractScope: In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of lycopene against the growth of prostate cancer in vivo.Methods and results: Athymic nude mice were implanted subcutaneously with human androgen‐independent prostate carcinoma PC‐3 cells. They were supplemented with a low or a high dose of lycopene (4 and 16 mg/kg) and a single dose of β‐carotene (16 mg/kg) twice a week for 7 wk. At the end of the experiment, both lycopene and β‐carotene strongly inhibited the tumor growth, as evidenced by the decrease in tumor volume and tumor weight. High‐dosage lycopene and β‐carotene significantly decreased the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in tumor tissues and increased the levels of insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein‐3 in plasma. In addition, high‐dosage lycopene supplementation significantly decreased the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in plasma. In contrast, β‐carotene supplementation significantly increased the VEGF levels, as compared with tumor control group.Conclusion: Lycopene and β‐carotene supplementation suppressed the growth of prostate tumor cells, and the effects are likely associated with reduction of proliferation (attenuation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression) and with interference of the insulin‐like growth factor 1 signaling (increased plasma insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein‐3 levels). Furthermore, the inhibition of VEGF by lycopene suggests that the antitumor mechanisms of lycopene also involve anti‐angiogenesis.
Absorption and metabolism of the mycotoxin zearalenone and the growth promotor zeranol in Caco‐2 cells in vitro
Authors: Pfeiffer Erika , Kommer Anne , Dempe Julia S. , Hildebrand Andreas A. , Metzler Manfred 
Published: December 2010

AbstractScope: Zearalenone (ZEN) and α‐zearalanol (α‐ZAL, zeranol) were studied in differentiated Caco‐2 cells and in the Caco‐2 Millicell® system in vitro to simulate their in vivo intestinal absorption and metabolism in humans.Methods and results: In addition to metabolic reduction/oxidation, extensive conjugation with glucuronic acid and sulfate of the parent compounds and their phase I metabolites was observed. The positional isomers of the glucuronides and sulfates were unambiguously identified: Sulfonation occurred specifically at the 14‐hydroxyl group, whereas glucuronidation was less specific and, in addition to the preferred 14‐hydroxyl group, involved the 16‐ and 7‐hydroxyl groups. Using the Caco‐2 Millicell® system, an efficient transfer of the glucuronides and sulfates of ZEN and α‐ZAL and their phase I metabolites into both the basolateral and the apical compartment was observed after apical administration. The apparent permeability coefficients (Papp values) of ZEN, α‐ZAL and the ZEN metabolite α‐zearalenol were determined, using an initial apical concentration of 20 μM and a permeation time of 1 h.Conclusion: According to the Papp values, the three compounds are expected to be extensively and rapidly absorbed from the intestinal lumen in vivo and reach the portal blood both as aglycones and as glucuronide and sulfate conjugates in humans.