bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Online self-assessment tool in Biochemistry – A medical student's perception during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Jagadeesan Anusha Raja , Neelakanta Rajeev Roy 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Online self-assessment tools have become an important asset among current teaching, learning, and assessment methods, especially among medical students. Developments in information technology and recent changes in methods of undergraduate learning, especially with the current COVID-19 pandemic situation, will provide an impetus among students to uptake this assessment tool. The study is aimed at bringing out the perception of medical students in using an online self-assessment tool in Biochemistry on the topics “Liver Function Tests” and “Renal Function Tests.”

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This study was an observational study conducted among 150 1st - year medical students employing an online self-assessment tool in Biochemistry, and the perception response toward the questionnaire was graded.

RESULTS:
The participation was 100%, with the perception questionnaire having a good internal validity (α = 0.847). The students' response was maximum for questions 9 and 10, which favored for provision of instantaneous feedback and application of the same tool for other topics. A positive correlation was observed between questionnaires for perceived learning and perceived engagement using the online self-assessment tool (r ± 0.554, P = 0.001).

CONCLUSION:
Self-assessment tools have an impact on the learning of students only when provided in a suitable environment such as immediate feedback and nonranking mechanisms.
Comparing the effectiveness of motivational interviewing and self-development education on type II diabetes mellitus patients’ lifestyle
Authors: Kazemi Javad , Rahmati Fatemeh 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Lifestyle can play an important role in controlling type II diabetes (T2D), and a high-risk lifestyle can exacerbate its effects. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of motivational interviewing with self-development education on T2D patients’ lifestyle.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This was a quasi-experimental study in 2017–2018. The design was pretest–posttest with an active comparison group. The population of this study was T2D patients of Firouzgar and Imam Reza Hospitals in Tehran. Using targeted sampling, 80 patients were selected and randomly assigned into experimental and comparison groups. The instrument was a tool for assessing lifestyle determinants in T2D patients (determinants of lifestyle behavior questionnaire) based on the theory of planned behavior. Intervention program was initially performed, and motivational interviewing was conducted on Firouzgar Hospital's patients for 10 sessions while self-development education was conducted on Imam Reza Hospital's patients for 10 sessions (active comparison group). To analyze the data, independent t-test and Chi-square test were used.

RESULTS:
The results showed that the patients who received motivational interviewing had significant improvement in their lifestyles with a 95% confidence level at P = 0.042, compared to the patients who had been trained with self-development education.

CONCLUSION:
Motivational interviewing improves the lifestyle of T2D patients compared to self-development education. It is recommended that motivational interviewing be used to help the rehabilitation of these patients. This method helps patients control their blood sugar while improving their lifestyle.
Exploring the components of student support system in blended learning for Iranian Universities of Medical Sciences
Authors: Mohammadimehr Mojgan , Mirmoghtadaie Zohrehsadat 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Support services are a very important element for all educational institutions. The aims of this study were to explore the components of the student support system in blended learning for universities of medical sciences in Iran.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The present study was performed qualitative with exploratory approach. The tool used to collect data was a semi-structured interview, after conducting interviews with 17 e-learning experts and specialists of universities of medical sciences, we reached information saturation. The study was conducted at Aja University of Medical Sciences in Tehran in 2020. Data analysis was performed as Thematic Content Analysis by Attride-Stirling method.

RESULTS:
From the content analysis of the interviews, 6 main themes and 19 sub-themes were obtained. Main themes included “Scientific- cognitive Support”, “Systematic Support”, “Human Resource Support”, “Emotional Support”, “Technical Support” and “Financial- economic Support”.

CONCLUSION:
Based on the results of this study, 6 basic components and its subcomponents of the student support system were obtained. It is suggested that the educational officials of medical universities with blended learning use the results of this study in setting up their student support system for academic success in e-learning and medical students.
The effect of theory - Based educational intervention on consumption of smokeless tobacco products by merchants’ guilds
Authors: Jadgal Mohammad Saeed , Alizadeh Somayeh , Alizadeh -Siuki Hadi , Sadeghi Saeedeh , Salehian Tahmineh , Zareipour Moradali 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Smokeless tobacco (SLT) products are highly addictive and contain at least 28 carcinogenic chemicals. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of theory-based on the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change on consumption of SLT products by Merchants’ Guilds in 2018.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The present quasi-experimental research was conducted over one intervention group. The research population consisted of all consumers of the SLT products among the merchants’ guilds in Chabahar City, Iran in 2018. Data were gathered from 320 individuals by simple random sampling using a valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire. The intervention program was designed based on the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change cognitive processes and lasted 6 months. After the intervention, the same questionnaires were administered among the participants. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 20 using the descriptive and analytical tests.

RESULTS:
In the preintervention phase, the participants’ mean scores of the cognitive processes at the precontemplation, contemplation, and preparation stages were 29.16 ± 4.63, 25.07 ± 3.84, and 12.12 ± 1.63, respectively. At the postintervention phase, mean scores of the precontemplation, contemplation, and preparation stages reached to 40.5 ± 5.96, 38.8 ± 5.03, and 35.5 ± 4.23, respectively. Furthermore, the participants’ mean sores at the action and maintenance stages were 36.4 ± 4.57 and 43.3 ± 3.29, respectively. According to the ANOVA, a significant relationship was found between cognitive processes at the preintervention phase and stages of change (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Individuals can improve from the precontemplation, contemplation, and preparation phases to the action and maintenance stages by attending based on Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change educational interventions. It is suggested that the structure of this model be used to reduce high-risk behaviors in other occupations.
Assessment of cognitive and psychomotor domains regarding biomedical waste management and hand hygiene among various categories of health-care professionals at a tertiary care center in Northern India
Authors: Rohilla Ranjana , Gupta Puneet Kumar , Narula Himanshu , Sharma Ashok Kumar , Mehta Vibha , Rao Shalinee , Gupta Jyoti , Gupta Pratima 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Health care-associated infections (HAIs) are associated with high morbidity, mortality, and costs in the health-care sector. Large proportions of HAIs are preventable by following infection prevention activities such as hand hygiene (HH) and biomedical waste management (BMWM).

AIM:
The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured teaching session on the cognitive and psychomotor domains of BMWM and HH practices in a tertiary health-care institute.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Every participant was evaluated for pretest knowledge assessment using a prestructured format along with skill demonstration. The training included interactive sessions, open discussion, and demonstration of various skills with the active participation of various participants by trained faculty and infection control nursing officers. On completion, every participant underwent posttest evaluation.

RESULTS:
During 11-month study period, 450 health-care professionals (HCPs) participated in the training program. Cognitive domain score increased from 16.3 ± 2.4 to 21.3 ± 2.0 from pre- to post-test, respectively. In psychomotor domain, pre- and post-test scores for HH were 8.3 ± 3.5 and 14.3 ± 1.4, for BMWM, the corresponding values were 8.6 ± 2.1 and 9.8 ± 0.7, respectively. Overall change in the mean (± standard deviation) score between pre- and post-test for various domains of assessment was 5.0 (±2.7), 6.0 (±3.5), 1.1 (±1.8), and 12.2 (±5.3) for knowledge, HH skill demonstration, BMW segregation skill, and cumulative assessment, respectively.

CONCLUSION:
The initiation of a structured training program can result in a significant increase in participants’ cognitive and psychomotor domains of learning, which may have an indirect impact on the prevention of HAIs.
Exploring the challenges of educational accreditation of teaching hospitals and providing the solutions
Authors: Bigdeli Shoaleh , Arabshahi Seyed Kamran Soltani , Sohrabi Zohreh , Zazoly Atefeh Zabihi 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
In the recent years, the accreditation of educational institutions and hospitals has attracted a lot of attention in different countries to ensure the quality of medical education. In this regard, examining the experiences of different countries will help to improve the world and local standards. This study was an attempt to explore the lived experiences of senior managers about the educational accreditation challenges and appropriate strategies to overcome these challenges.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The authors used a phenomenological approach to explore the lived experiences of the senior managers about educational accreditation of teaching hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to reach data saturation. For this purpose, three semi-structured face-to-face interviews and six electronic interviews were conducted. Data were analyzed using the Colaizzi method.

RESULTS:
Data analysis showed that the most important challenges of educational accreditation of teaching hospitals were related to standards and criteria, executive policies of accreditation, and educational, attitudinal, and financial infrastructures. The strategies expressed by the participants were categorized into four themes including reviewing and revising standards and criteria, planning for education, providing human and financial resources, and modifying the executive structure of accreditation.

CONCLUSIONS:
In order to improve the quality of educational accreditation programs, it is necessary to identify and find a solution for the existing challenges by experiential support of the senior managers of teaching hospitals and the other stakeholders (e.g., faculty members and students). It also provides an opportunity for educational policy-makers to improve the hospital's educational accreditation program.
The effect of educational intervention based on theory of planned behavior and self-regulatory strategies on the social vitality of women employee
Authors: Bahlgerdi Maryam , Miri Mohammadreza , Sharifzadeh Gholamreza , Norozi Ensiyeh , Hosseini Tayebeh 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Social vitality is one of the most important social indicators to develop a sense of public satisfaction. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on theory of planned behavior (TPB) and self-regulatory strategies on the social vitality of women employee.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
In this randomized controlled field trial study, 66 women employees of Birjand University of Medical Sciences (Iran) were selected including intervention (n = 31) and control (n = 35). Data were collected by standard Oxford Happiness Questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire based on TPB which its the validity and reliability were confirmed. The educational intervention consisted of 5 sessions based on the constructs of the TPB and self-regulatory strategies which were to the interventional group. Data analysis was performed using the Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test, repeated measures ANOVA, and Bonferroni post hoc test at a significance level of <0.05.

RESULTS:
The mean age of women in the intervention and control group was 37.1 ± 9.3 and 36.2 ± 7.6 years (P = 0.67). Model constructs and happiness scores were homogeneous (P > 0.05) before the intervention, in two group of study, but after attitude (P = 0.016), subjective norm (P = 0.029), perceived behavior control (P = 0.01), intention (P = 0.006), and happiness score (P < 0.001) had a significant increase in the intervention group. In the control group, only a significant difference occurred over time in the happiness rate (P = 0.031).

CONCLUSIONS:
The results of the present study showed the effectiveness of educational intervention on the social vitality of women employees. Therefore, TPB is recommended to use in interventions to promote social vitality.
The effect of face-to-face and telephone counseling on the desire for adoption in infertile couples
Authors: Rezamahaleh Fateme Ahmadi , Khadivzadeh Talat , Asgharinekah Seyed Mohsen , Esmaeili Habibollah 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Fertility is always one of the most important functions of the family. Having a child equals growing up and entering the adult world. Adoption is one of the methods that can be considered to treat infertility. One of the duties of health professionals, especially midwives, is to advise and educate infertile people, which helps them in a way beyond medical treatment. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of face-to-face and telephone counseling on the desire for adoption in infertile couples.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The present study was a two-group counseling intervention study that was performed on 34 infertile couples referred to Mashhad Infertility Center. Infertile couples were randomly assigned to face-to-face and telephone counseling groups. All participants completed the Adoption Adoption Questionnaire at the beginning and end of the study. Data were analyzed by spss16 software.

RESULTS:
The mean score of propensity to adopt in the face-to-face counseling group 2 weeks after the intervention was significantly higher than before the intervention. Furthermore, the mean score of desire for adoption in the telephone counseling group increased significantly 2 weeks after the intervention compared to before (P < 0.001). Adoption scores varied in the face-to-face counseling group at 3.15 and in the telephone counseling group at 3.23. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.885). The most common reason for not wanting to adopt was hope for self-treatment and having children (70.6% women and 67.6% men). The most common reason for accepting an adopted child was the strong need to have a child (23.5% in women and 23.5% in men).

CONCLUSION:
According to the results of this study, counseling can increase people's awareness of the conditions of adoption and thus increase the desire of people to accept the adopted child. For this reason, considering adoption counseling sessions for infertile couples who have been receiving infertility treatment for a long time but have not become pregnant can help the couple decide.
Enhancing bone tissue engineering using iron nanoparticles and magnetic fields: A focus on cytomechanics and angiogenesis in the chicken egg chorioallantoic membrane model
Authors: Nelogi Santosh Yamanappa , Patil Anand Kumar , Chowdhary Ramesh 
Published: April 2024

Aim:
To evaluate the potential of iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) in conjunction with magnetic fields (MFs) to enhance osteoblast cytomechanics, promote cell homing, bone development activity, and antibacterial capabilities, and to assess their in vivo angiogenic viability using the chicken egg chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model.

Settings and Design:
Experimental study conducted in a laboratory setting to investigate the effects of FeNPs and MFs on osteoblast cells and angiogenesis using a custom titanium (Ti) substrate coated with FeNPs.

Materials and Methods:
A custom titanium (Ti) was coated with FeNPs. Evaluations were conducted to analyze the antibacterial properties, cell adhesion, durability, physical characteristics, and nanoparticle absorption associated with FeNPs. Cell physical characteristics were assessed using protein markers, and microscopy, CAM model, was used to quantify blood vessel formation and morphology to assess the FeNP-coated Ti’s angiogenic potential. This in vivo study provided critical insights into tissue response and regenerative properties for biomedical applications.

Statistical Analysis:
Statistical analysis was performed using appropriate tests to compare experimental groups and controls. Significance was determined at P < 0.05.

Results:
FeNPs and MFs notably improved osteoblast cell mechanical properties facilitated the growth and formation of new blood vessels and bone tissue and promoted cell migration to targeted sites. In the group treated with FeNPs and exposed to MFs, there was a significant increase in vessel percentage area (76.03%) compared to control groups (58.11%), along with enhanced mineralization and robust antibacterial effects (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The study highlights the promising potential of FeNPs in fostering the growth of new blood vessels, promoting the formation of bone tissue, and facilitating targeted cell migration. These findings underscore the importance of further investigating the mechanical traits of FeNPs, as they could significantly advance the development of effective bone tissue engineering techniques, ultimately enhancing clinical outcomes in the field.
Comparative evaluation on wear resistance of metal sleeve, sleeve-free resin, and reinforced sleeve-free resin implant guide: An in vitro study
Authors: Shruthi D , Saravanan M. , Reddy Vishal , Balasubramanium Muthukumar 
Published: April 2024

Background:
In-office three-dimensional (3D) printers and metal sleeveless surgical guides are becoming a major trend recently. However, metal sleeve-free designs are reported to be more prone to distortion which might lead to variation in the inner diameter of the drill hole and cause deviation and inaccuracy in the placement of the implant. Carbon fiber nanoparticles are reported to improve the properties of 3D printing resin material in industrial application.

Aim:
The purpose of the study is to evaluate and compare the wear resistance of 3D-printed implant guides with metal sleeve, sleeve-free, and reinforced sleeve-free resin to the guide drill.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 66 samples with 22 samples in each group. Three groups including 3D-printed surgical guide with metal sleeve (Group A), without metal sleeve (Group B), an carbon fiber reinforced without metal sleeve (Group C) were included in the study. All samples were evaluated before sequential drilling and after sequential drilling using Vision Measuring Machine. The data were tabulated and statistically evaluated.

Results:
The data obtained were statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance and post
hoc test. The data obtained for wear observed in the samples showed that the wear was highest in Group B with a mean of 0.5036 ± 0.1118 and the least was observed in Group A with a mean of 0.0228 ± 0.0154 and Group C was almost similar to Group A with mean of 0.0710 ± 0.0381. The results showed there was a significant difference between Group B with Group A and C, respectively (P < 0.05). The results showed that there was no significant difference regarding the wear observed between Groups A and C (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
The wear observed in the guide with a metal sleeve and carbon fiber reinforced without a metal sleeve was almost similar. The carbon fiber-reinforced guide showed better tolerance to guide drill equivalent to metal sleeve. Thus, carbon fiber nanoparticles reinforced in 3D printing resin have shown improved strength and can be used as a good replacement for a metal sleeve for an accurate placement of the implant.
Climate change and its impact on infectious diseases in Asia
Authors: Zain Amanda , Sadarangani Sapna P , Shek Lynette Pei-Chi , Vasoo Shawn 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Climate change, particularly increasing temperature, changes in rainfall, extreme weather events and changes in vector ecology, impacts the transmission of many climate-sensitive infectious diseases. Asia is the world’s most populous, rapidly evolving and diverse continent, and it is already experiencing the effects of climate change. Climate change intersects with population, sociodemographic and geographical factors, amplifying the public health impact of infectious diseases and potentially widening existing disparities. In this narrative review, we outline the evidence of the impact of climate change on infectious diseases of importance in Asia, including vector-borne diseases, food- and water-borne diseases, antimicrobial resistance and other infectious diseases. We also highlight the imperative need for strategic intersectoral collaboration at the national and global levels and for the health sector to implement adaptation and mitigation measures, including responsibility for its own greenhouse gas emissions.
Healthcare in the era of climate change and the need for environmental sustainability
Authors: Tee Nicholas Chin Hock , Yeo Jo-Anne , Choolani Mahesh , Poh Kian Keong , Ang Tiing Leong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Climate change is an existential threat to humanity. While the healthcare sector must manage the health-related consequences of climate change, it is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, responsible for up to 4.6% of global emission, aggravating global warming. Within the hospital environment, the three largest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions are the operating theatre, intensive care unit and gastrointestinal endoscopy. Knowledge of the health-related burden of climate change and the potential transformative health benefits of climate action is important to all health professionals, as they play crucial roles in effecting change. This article summarises the available literature on the impact of healthcare on climate change and efforts in mitigation, focusing on the intrinsic differences and similarities across the operating theatre complex, intensive care unit and gastrointestinal endoscopy unit. It also discusses strategies to reduce carbon footprint.