bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amino acid changes in P3, and not the overlapping pipo‐encoded protein, determine virulence of Soybean mosaic virus on functionally immune Rsv1‐genotype soybean
Authors: WEN R‐H. , MAROOF M. A. SAGHAI , HAJIMORAD M. R. 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYA small open reading frame, termed ‘pipo’, is embedded in the P3 cistron of potyviruses. Currently, knowledge on pipo and its role(s) in the life cycle of potyviruses is limited. The P3 and helper‐component proteinase (HC‐Pro) cistrons of Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) harbour determinants affecting virulence on functionally immune Rsv1‐genotype soybeans. Interestingly, a key virulence determinant of SMV on Rsv1‐genotype soybeans (i.e. soybeans containing the Rsv1 resistance gene) that resides at polyprotein codon 947 overlaps both P3 and a pipo‐encoded codon. This raises the question of whether PIPO or P3 is the virulence factor. To answer this question, the corresponding pipo of an avirulent and two virulent strains of SMV were studied by comparative genomics, followed by syntheses and analyses of site‐directed mutants. Our data demonstrate that the virulence of SMV on Rsv1‐genotype soybeans is affected by P3 and not the overlapping pipo‐encoded protein.
New perspectives in stem cell research: beyond embryonic stem cells
Authors: Leeb C. , Jurga M. , McGuckin C. , Forraz N. , Thallinger C. , Moriggl R. , Kenner L. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAlthough stem cell research is a rather new field in modern medicine, media soon popularized it. The reason for this hype lies in the potential of stem cells to drastically increase quality of life through repairing aging and diseased organs. Nevertheless, the essence of stem cell research is to understand how tissues are maintained during adult life. In this article, we summarize the various types of stem cells and their differentiation potential in vivo and in vitro. We review current clinical applications of stem cells and highlight problems encountered when going from animal studies to clinical practice. Furthermore, we describe the current state of induced pluripotent stem cell technology and applications for disease modelling and cell replacement therapy.
Insights into the biology of cord blood stem/progenitor cells
Authors: Broxmeyer H. E. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectives:  To review information on cord blood banking and transplantation with respect to the author’s studies, and in context of this field of investigation.Results:  Cord blood transplantation has been successfully used to treat a number of malignant and non‐malignant disorders. However, this technique is still associated with limited numbers of cells for transplantation, and with delayed engraftment of neutrophils and platelets. The field of cord blood transplantation will benefit from enhanced and mechanistically based information on haematopoietic stem cell function and potential means to enhance its effectiveness are reviewed. This includes notions concerning possibility of retrieving more cells from the placenta and cord blood, to expand haematopoietic stem cells ex vivo and to increase efficiency of homing and engraftment of these cells. Also discussed are cryopreservation and long‐term storage of cord blood haematopoietic and progenitor cells, and new laboratory findings and animal studies for non‐haematopoietic uses of cord blood.
Social work practitioners' experience of the clinical utility of the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) Inventory
Authors: Glad Johan , Jergeby Ulla , Gustafsson Carina , Sonnander Karin 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTClinical utility of an assessment instrument can provide important information about the potential value of that instrument when used in practice. The aim of this study was to describe social work practitioners' experiences of the clinical utility of a Swedish version of the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) Inventory. Because knowledge of clinical utility in this area is scarce, a qualitative method based on semi‐structured interviews was used to gain a deeper understanding of the phenomenon. Data were collected through 16 interviews and then analysed by qualitative manifest content analysis. The analysis yielded five categories: improves quality of child protection investigations, supports practitioners, HOME has drawbacks and difficulties, certain issues are important for future applications and basic conditions are crucial. The findings supported the clinical utility of the HOME Inventory though some critical issues have to be addressed, especially concerning the category basic conditions are crucial. A thorough education, the possibility to practice activities related to the administration of the method and support from management were found to be essential. Replication and further studies are needed in the Swedish context to confirm the applicability of the HOME Inventory.
Umbilical cord plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentration and immune function at birth: the Urban Environment and Childhood Asthma study
Authors: Chi A. , Wildfire J. , McLoughlin R. , Wood R. A. , Bloomberg G. R. , Kattan M. , Gergen P. , Gold D. R. , Witter F. , Chen T. , Holick M. , Visness C. , Gern J. , O'Connor G. T. 
Published: April 2011

Cite this as: A. Chi, J. Wildfire, R. McLoughlin, R. A. Wood, G. R. Bloomberg, M. Kattan, P. Gergen, D. R. Gold, F. Witter, T. Chen, M. Holick, C. Visness, J. Gern and G. T. O'Connor, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2011 (41) 842–850.SummaryBackground
Recent studies have reported conflicting data on the association between maternal intake of vitamin D during pregnancy and asthma.Objective
To assess the influence of prenatal vitamin D status on immune function at birth.Methods
In an inner‐city birth cohort of 568 newborns, 520 of whom had at least one atopic parent, we measured the umbilical cord (UC) plasma concentration of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and the cytokine responses of UC blood mononuclear cells (UCMCs) to stimuli including phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and peptidoglycan. In a subset, the UCMC expression of regulatory T cell markers and the suppressive activity of CD4+CD25+UCMCs were measured.Results
The 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles of UC plasma 25(OH)D level were 15.0, 20.2, and 25.6 ng/mL, respectively. Most cytokine responses of UCMC were not correlated with UC 25(OH)D concentration; however, IFN‐γ release after LPS stimulation was weakly positively correlated with UC 25(OH)D concentration (r=0.11, P=0.01). PHA responses were not significantly correlated with 25(OH)D concentration. The UC plasma 25(OH)D concentration was inversely related to the number of CD25+ (r=−0.20, P=0.06), CD25Bright (r=−0.21, P=0.05), and CD25+FoxP3 (r=−0.29, P=0.06) cells as a proportion of CD4+ T cells in UC blood (r=−0.26, P=0.04) but not to the suppressive activity of CD4+CD25+cells (r=0.17, P=0.22).Conclusion and Clinical Relevance
UC 25(OH)D concentration was not correlated with most UCMC cytokine responses to multiple stimuli. There was a suggestion of a weakly positive correlation with IFN‐γ release after LPS stimulation. The proportions of CD25+, CD25Bright, and CD25+FoxP3 cells to total CD4+ T cells were inversely correlated with UC 25(OH)D concentration. Our findings suggest that higher vitamin D levels at birth may be associated with a lower number of T‐regulatory cells. Vitamin D status in utero may influence immune regulation in early life.
Non‐melanocytic mimics of melanocytic neoplasms
Authors: Bhawan Jag 
Published: April 2011

Bhawan J  (2012) Histopathology 60, 715–730 Non‐melanocytic mimics of melanocytic neoplasmsOn histopathologic examination, many non‐neoplastic conditions mimic benign or malignant neoplasms. Alternatively, some benign and malignant neoplasms can also mimic non‐neoplastic lesions. This is true of all organ systemsskin is no exception. Examples of these mimickers can be found in skin lesions of almost all tissue types, including those that are melanocytic, lymphoid, epithelial, neural, vascular, neuroendocrine, and fibrohistiocytic. Melanocytic neoplasms are particularly important as it’s challenging to differentiate them as being benign or malignant, and it’s difficult to tell them apart from non‐melanocytic neoplasms. This review illustrates examples of non‐melanocytic lesions that disguise themselves as melanocytic.
Expression hierarchy in the Yersinia type III secretion system established through YopD recognition of RNA
Authors: Chen Yuqing , Anderson Deborah M. 
Published: April 2011

SummaryThe Yersinia type III secretion system (T3SS) is environmentally responsive to enable its rapid induction upon contact with host cells and is necessary for Yersiniae to establish a replicative niche and cause disease. YopD, a translocator protein, represses the expression of T3SS genes until signalled by environmental cues, a mechanism known as the low calcium response. In this work, we investigated recognition of target genes by Yersinia pestis YopD. Expression of all genes of the T3SS was induced in a yopD mutant, though not to the same degree, with effector Yops most affected. Two, short AU‐rich sequence elements up‐ and downstream of start codons of target genes were necessary but not sufficient for YopD mediated repression. Purified YopD–LcrH bound specifically to target RNAs in vitro with different relative affinities, with effector Yops having greater affinity. Together, the data suggest YopD binds to T3SS transcripts where it may prevent ribosome binding causing accelerated mRNA degradation. This regulatory mechanism may ensure an expression hierarchy during the low calcium response as low affinity YopD targets such as chaperones would be translated prior to high affinity targets such as effector Yops allowing the bacteria another layer of control over Yop translocation during infection.
The distribution of E‐cadherin expression in listeric rhombencephalitis of ruminants indicates its involvement inListeria monocytogenesneuroinvasion
Authors: Madarame H. , Seuberlich T. , Abril C. , Zurbriggen A. , Vandevelde M. , Oevermann A. 
Published: April 2011

H. Madarame, T. Seuberlich, C. Abril, A. Zurbriggen, M. Vandevelde and A. Oevermann (2011)Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology37,753–767The distribution of E‐cadherin expression in listeric rhombencephalitis of ruminants indicates its involvement inListeria monocytogenesneuroinvasionAim:To investigate the expression of E‐cadherin, a major host cell receptor forListeria monocytogenes(LM) internalin A, in the ruminant nervous system and its putative role in brainstem invasion and intracerebral spread of LM in the natural disease.Methods:Immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence was performed on brains, cranial nerves and ganglia of ruminants with and without natural LM rhombencephalitis using antibodies against E‐cadherin, protein gene product 9.5, myelin‐associated glycoprotein and LM.Results:In the ruminant brain, E‐cadherin is expressed in choroid plexus epithelium, meningothelium and restricted neuropil areas of the medulla, but not in the endothelium. In cranial nerves and ganglia, E‐cadherin is expressed in satellite cells and myelinating Schwann cells. Expression does not differ between ruminants with or without listeriosis and does not overlap with the presence of microabscesses in the medulla. LM is observed in phagocytes, axons, Schwann cells, satellite cells and ganglionic neurones.Conclusion:Our results support the view that the specific ligand–receptor interaction between LM and host E‐cadherin is involved in the neuropathogenesis of ruminant listeriosis. They suggest that oral epithelium and Schwann cells expressing E‐cadherin provide a port of entry for free bacteria offering a site of primary intracellular replication, from where the bacterium may invade the axonal compartment by cell‐to‐cell spread. As E‐cadherin expression in the ruminant central nervous system is weak, only very locally restricted and not related to the presence of microabscesses, it is likely that further intracerebral spread is independent of E‐cadherin and relies primarily on axonal spread.
Clustered lot quality assurance sampling: a pragmatic tool for timely assessment of vaccination coverage
Authors: Greenland K. , Rondy M. , Chevez A. , Sadozai N. , Gasasira A. , Abanida E. A. , Pate M. A. , Ronveaux O. , Okayasu H. , Pedalino B. , Pezzoli L. 
Published: April 2011

SummaryObjectives  To evaluate oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) coverage of the November 2009 round in five Northern Nigeria states with ongoing wild poliovirus transmission using clustered lot quality assurance sampling (CLQAS).Methods  We selected four local government areas in each pre‐selected state and sampled six clusters of 10 children in each Local Government Area, defined as the lot area. We used three decision thresholds to classify OPV coverage: 75–90%, 55–70% and 35–50%. A full lot was completed, but we also assessed in retrospect the potential time‐saving benefits of stopping sampling when a lot had been classified.Results  We accepted two local government areas (LGAs) with vaccination coverage above 75%. Of the remaining 18 rejected LGAs, 11 also failed to reach 70% coverage, of which four also failed to reach 50%. The average time taken to complete a lot was 10 h. By stopping sampling when a decision was reached, we could have classified lots in 5.3, 7.7 and 7.3 h on average at the 90%, 70% and 50% coverage targets, respectively.Conclusions  Clustered lot quality assurance sampling was feasible and useful to estimate OPV coverage in Northern Nigeria. The multi‐threshold approach provided useful information on the variation of IPD vaccination coverage. CLQAS is a very timely tool, allowing corrective actions to be directly taken in insufficiently covered areas.
Spatial and temporal clusters of Barmah Forest virus disease in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Naish S. , Hu W. , Mengersen K. , Tong S. 
Published: April 2011

SummaryObjective  To identify the spatial and temporal clusters of Barmah Forest virus (BFV) disease in Queensland in Australia, using geographical information systems and spatial scan statistic (SaTScan).Methods  We obtained BFV disease cases, population and statistical local areas (SLAs) boundary data from Queensland Health and Australian Bureau of Statistics, respectively, during 1992–2008 for Queensland. A retrospective Poisson‐based analysis using SaTScan software and method was conducted to identify both purely spatial and space‐time BFV disease high‐rate clusters. A spatial cluster size of a proportion of the population and a 200 km radius and varying time windows from 1 to 12 months were chosen (for the space‐time analysis).Results  The spatial scan statistic detected a most likely significant purely spatial cluster (including 23 SLAs) and a most likely significant space‐time cluster (including 24 SLAs) in approximately the same location. Significant secondary clusters were also identified from both the analyses in several locations.Conclusions  This study provides evidence of the existence of statistically significant BFV disease clusters in Queensland, Australia. The study also demonstrated the relevance and applicability of SaTScan in analysing ongoing surveillance data to identify clusters to facilitate the development of effective BFV disease prevention and control strategies in Queensland, Australia.
Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for caladiums (Caladium Vent.)
Authors: Gong LI , Deng Zhanao 
Published: April 2011

With 1 tableAbstractMicrosatellite markers are needed for distinguishing cultivars and mapping disease and pest resistance genes in caladiums, one of the most important ornamental aroids. Through sequencing of a GA‐enriched partial genomic library, 173 unique sequences suitable for designing simple sequence repeat primers were identified. A majority of the sequences (82.7%) contained perfect repeats of GA/TC motif, and 86.8% of the primers amplified discrete PCR products of expected sizes, resulting in development of the first 99 microsatellite markers in caladiums. These markers detected differences at 41.8% and 68.8% of the amplified alleles between two pairs of caladium cultivars that are most difficult to distinguish morphologically. The markers revealed high percentages (70.0% to 78.2%) of polymorphic alleles among three parents of segregating populations to be used for mapping genes for resistance to three major diseases/pests. High rates of transferability (51.7–100%) were observed across seven Caladium species. The availability of these highly polymorphic, robust markers will provide a powerful tool for differentiating cultivars, anchoring genetic maps and understanding the genetic relationships in caladiums.
Impact of grandmultiparity on obstetric outcome in low resource setting
Authors: Agrawal Smriti , Agarwal Anjoo , Das Vinita 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAim:  This study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of grandmultiparity on obstetric outcome in a low resource setting.Material & Methods:  Two hundred and eighty‐two antenatal grandmultiparous women (parity ≥ 4) were compared with consecutive 564 antenatal women with parity 1–3.Results:  There were 13 403 deliveries over the study period from Jan 2006–December 2008 at CSMMU, Lucknow. The prevalence of grandmultipara was 2.3%. Grandmultipara were older (P < 0.001) and more commonly from rural areas (P < 0.001) as compared to the control group. The percentage of Muslims among grandmultipara (23.8%) was higher than among controls (16.5%), P < 0.01. Grandmultipara had significantly higher prevalence of anemia (P < 0.001), malpresentation (P = 0.01) and rupture uterus (P < 0.001). Abruptio placenta, placenta previa and obstructed labor were seen more often in grandmultipara, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01 in each group). There was no difference in terms of mode of delivery, sex of newborn or the prevalence of low birthweight (<2.5 kg) babies. Stillbirths were more common in grandmultiparas (P < 0.001). There was one maternal death in the study group.Conclusion:  Grandmultiparity continues to be of grave concern with an adverse impact on obstetric and perinatal outcome.
A case report of fatal tumor lysis syndrome after chemotherapy in a pregnant patient with Burkitt's lymphoma
Authors: Serikawa Takehiro , Abe Takashi , Minamikawa Takahiro , Itsukaichi Mina , Yamada Kyoko , Saito Tomoko , Kaneko Takayuki , Wada Masaki , Takakuwa Koichi , Tanaka Kenichi 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA 35‐year‐old Japanese woman in the 24th week of gestation with bilateral breast enlargement was referred to hospital. She was diagnosed with Burkitt's lymphoma and admitted for detailed evaluation and treatment. Early delivery and subsequent chemotherapy was chosen after considering the gestational week, her general condition and the wishes of the patient and her husband. She gave birth to a male infant by cesarean section in the 25th week of gestation. It had been planned to begin high‐dose chemotherapy, such as CODOX‐M/IVAC, on day 7 of the puerperium; however, her general condition worsened and chemotherapy was therefore begun on day 2 after the birth. Eight hours after chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, vincristine and doxorubicin), she developed cardiac arrest due to tumor lysis syndrome. Despite medical treatment, her bleeding tendency did not improve and she died of respiratory failure with alveolar bleeding five days after chemotherapy.
International Outsourcing and the Sector Bias: New Empirical Evidence
Authors: Horgos Daniel 
Published: April 2011

AbstractConsidering labor market effects of international outsourcing on more disaggregated industry levels, a sector bias appears showing that low skilled labor receives a wage premium when international outsourcing takes place in low skill‐intensive industries. However, there is no empirical evidence supporting this pattern. Applying a panel data analysis for Germany, this paper provides new empirical evidence for the existence of the sector bias of international outsourcing: significant results confirm the decreasing wage gap if international outsourcing takes place in low skill‐intensive industries. If international outsourcing takes place in high skill‐intensive industries, the wage gap increases.
Bilateral Trade Agreements and the Feasibility of Multilateral Free Trade
Authors: Saggi Kamal , Yildiz Halis Murat 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe studied how the pursuit of bilateral free‐trade agreements (FTAs) affects the likelihood of achieving multilateral free trade. We derive and compare the stable Nash equilibria of two games of trade liberalization: in the FTA game, each country can either form an FTA with one of its trading partners or both of them or none of them, whereas in the (restricted) No FTA game, purely bilateral FTAs are not permitted. The major result is that there exist circumstances under which the freedom to pursue (discriminatory) bilateral FTAs is necessary for achieving multilateral free trade.
Affective modulation of the LPP and α‐ERD during picture viewing
Authors: De Cesarei Andrea , Codispoti Maurizio 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBrain responses to engaging stimuli may be reflected both in event‐related potentials (ERPs) and in electroencephalogram (EEG) oscillations. Previous studies investigating the effects of top‐down factors on stimulus encoding revealed similar modulation of late ERPs and alpha‐band desynchronization (α‐ERD) by relevant target stimuli. Focusing on the bottom‐up effects of emotional content and picture size, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship of the late positive potential (LPP) and α‐ERD during the viewing of emotional pictures. Results showed similar affective modulation by picture arousal of the LPP and α‐ERD. Moreover, picture size reduction diminished overall magnitude of both responses, but did not dampen affective modulation of either response. These results suggest that, during affective picture viewing, these two brain responses similarly reflect the engagement of motivational systems in order to facilitate perception.
Protective effects of lycorine against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in Swiss albino mice
Authors: Ilavenil S. , Kaleeswaran B. , Ravikumar S. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCarbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a well‐known model for inducing chemical hepatic injury in Swiss albino mice. The present study was designed to examine the ability of lycorine a natural alkaloid compound to prevent CCl4‐induced hepatotoxicity in the Swiss albino mice. After the experimental period of 8 weeks, CCl4 significantly increased the generation of lipid peroxidation products, it reflected by high levels of malondialdehyde, hepatic marker enzymes like aspartate transaminase, Alanine transaminase, Lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and lipids profiles. These increases were accompanied by significant decreases of glutathione (GSH); vitamin C content and significant reduction in activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione‐S‐transferase and GSH reductase were observed in the mice liver, which were normalized by the lycorine treatment as compared with CCl4‐induced group of mice. Moreover, the histological and ultrastructural observations evidenced that lycorine effectively rescues the hepatocyte from CCl4‐induced oxidative damage without disturbing its cellular metabolic function and structural integrity. Therefore, lycorine may be considered a potent antioxidant against free radical‐related diseases.