bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a design feature database to support design for additive manufacturing
Authors: Bin Maidin Shajahan , Campbell Ian , Pei Eujin 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a method to aid design practitioners and students towards the design of additive manufactured products or parts produced using laser sintering (LS).Design/methodology/approachA design feature taxonomy was first developed as a guide for the development of a computer‐based design support tool. It comprised four taxons based on the reasons for utilising additive manufacturing (AM). These were user fit requirement, improved product functionality, parts consolidation and improvement of aesthetics or form. Each of the requirements was further expanded into 13 sub‐categories that contained examples of various design features that was then represented in the form of an MS Access database.FindingsResults from user trials of the database provide evidence to show the potential of the database, as it enables users to easily visualise and gather information about AM design features.Originality/valueThe paper describes a database, the aim of which is to serve as a collective source of information for design features produced by AM and as a method to aid the conceptual design process of AM parts or products.
A comparison of humor styles in US and Mexican television commercials
Authors: Cruthirds Kevin W. , Wang Valerie L. , Wang Yong J. , Wei Jie 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to conduct a content analysis of humor styles used in US and Mexican television advertising.Design/methodology/approachA total of 97 television commercials broadcasted by major US and Mexican national television networks were classified under the four humor styles described by Martin et al.FindingsHumor styles used in television advertising significantly differ between the two countries. US commercials use more affiliative, aggressive, and self‐defeating humor than do Mexican advertisements, while self‐enhancing humor is the predominant humor style of Mexican commercials and is used more frequently in Mexico when compared to the USA.Practical implicationsThe findings reveal the frequency and types of humorous television commercials used in the USA and Mexico.Originality/valueThe study suggests that cultural differences should be taken into consideration when humorous advertising is used across borders.
How understanding workforce data can invigorate your organization
Authors: by Gareth Bell Interview 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide an interview with Tim Ringo.Design/methodology/approachThe paper interviews Tim Ringo, co‐author of Calculating Success: How the New Workplace Analytics will Revitalize your Organization.FindingsThe paper tells how Ringo came to co‐author the book, outlines the four key questions companies must ask themselves in order to be successful, and discusses future trends.Originality/valueThe paper discusses the six‐step framework that will allow for a meaningful evaluation and application of workforce data.
Technological discontinuities, outsiders and social capital: a case study from Formula 1
Authors: Smith David J. 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how and why outsiders, rather than incumbents, are able to take advantage of technological discontinuities.Design/methodology/approachThe paper employs a case study of a single innovation that transformed the technology of Formula 1 motor racing.FindingsThe findings show how social capital made up of “weak ties” in the form of informal personal networks, enabled an outsider to successfully make the leap to a new technological regime.Practical implicationsThe findings show that where new product development involves a shift to new technologies, social capital can have an important part to play.Originality/valueIt is widely accepted that radical innovations are often competence destroying, making it difficult for incumbents to make the transition to a new technology. The paper's findings show how the social capital of outsiders can place them at a particular advantage in utilizing new technologies.
Reflections from a Black female in the promotion and tenure process
Authors: Cox Edmondson Vickie 
Published: July 2012

PurposeNavigating the tenure and promotion process can be a daunting task for faculty members regardless of race or gender at institutions of higher learning. The purpose of this paper is to reflect the experiences of a Black female as she navigates the tenure and promotion process at a predominantly White institution (PWI), most of which have an organizational culture dominated by males.Design/methodology/approachThe author describes the process that many faculty members undertake, identifies three levels of peer involvement, and discusses some of the issues that she faced during her efforts to advance from Assistant Professor to Associate Professor to Full Professor and the lessons learnt along the way.FindingsThe goal is to illuminate: the impact of personality and communication style on career advancement for Black women in academe, the feelings of apprehension that some Black female faculty at PWIs have regarding the impact of speaking candidly about their experiences and about diversity issues impacting the work environment, and the need for peer coaching to gain tenure and promotion.Practical implicationsThere are no guarantees that peer involvement will make the process less daunting or improve the chances of success for Black female faculty members at PWIs. However, this reflexive account provides insights into the process that can be useful to other Black females at PWIs, as well as, the faculty who mentor them and the administrators who seek to retain them.Originality/valueSix tips for Black females who are going through the promotion and tenure process are set forth. Additionally, a model is proposed that describes peer involvement in faculty development.
Motherhood and its impact on career progression
Authors: McIntosh Bryan , McQuaid Ronald , Munro Anne , Dabir‐Alai Parviz 
Published: July 2012

PurposeAfter many years of equal opportunities legislation, motherhood still limits womens' career progress even in a feminized occupation such as nursing. While the effect of motherhood, working hours, career breaks and school aged children upon career progression has been discussed widely, its actual scale and magnitude has received less research attention. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of these factors individually and cumulatively.Design/methodology/approachThis paper considers the impact of the above through a longitudinal analysis of a demographically unique national database, comprising the 46,565 registered nursing workforces in NHS Scotland from 2000‐2008. The variables examined include gender, employment grades, number and length of career breaks, lengths of service, age, working patterns, the number and age of dependent children.FindingsThe results indicate: motherhood has a regressively detrimental effect on women's career progression. However, this is a simplistic term which covers a more complex process related to the age of dependent children, working hours and career breaks. The degree of women's restricted career progression is directly related to the school age of the dependent children: the younger the child the greater the detrimental impact. Women who take a career break of greater than two years see their careers depressed and restricted. The results confirm that whilst gender has a relatively positive effect on male career progression; a women's career progression is reduced incrementally as she has more children, and part‐time workers have reduced career progression regardless of maternal or paternal circumstances.Originality/valueThis paper is the only example internationally, of a national workforce being examined on this scale and therefore its findings are significant. For the first time the impact of motherhood upon a women's career progression and the related factors – dependent children, career breaks and part‐time working are quantified. These findings are relevant across many areas of employment and they are significant in relation to broadening the debate around equal opportunities for women.
Impacts of a social support intervention for Somali and Sudanese refugees in Canada
Authors: Stewart Miriam , Simich Laura , Beiser Morton , Makumbe Knox , Makwarimba Edward , Shizha Edward 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to design and pilot test a culturally tailored intervention that meets the support needs and preferences of two refugee groups.Design/methodology/approachThe study employed a multi‐method participatory research design and was conducted in two urban centres in western and central Canada. Support was delivered to Sudanese and Somali refugees (n=58), by trained peer and professional helpers, in face‐to‐face groups matched by gender and ethnicity and in telephone dyads. Participants completed three quantitative measures before (pre‐test) and following (post‐test) the intervention. Group interviews with refugee participants and individual interviews with peer and professional helpers conducted at post‐test, elicited qualitative data on perceived impacts and factors influencing impacts of the intervention. Service providers and policy influencers (n=22) were interviewed in groups about the implications of this intervention study for services, programs and policies.FindingsThere were significant increases in perceived support and social integration and significant decreases in loneliness following the intervention. Participants reported that they learned how to seek services and supports and how to cope with challenges faced by refugees. Service providers and policy influencers were impressed by the success of the intervention.Originality/valueNo peer support intervention studies focused on the unique support needs of African refugees have been reported. This pilot intervention study demonstrates the supportive power of like‐ethnic peers and could guide subsequent community‐based intervention trials and the design of culturally appropriate health‐related programs.
The effect of SFAS No. 123(R) on executive incentive pay
Authors: Mohan Nancy , Fall Ainina M. 
Published: July 2012

PurposeUntil 2005, corporations could choose whether to expense incentive options or to disclose the value in the financial footnotes. During 2004, however, the Financial Accounting Standards Board adopted the revised Statement No. 123, which requires public corporations to measure the cost of stock options on grant‐date and expense that cost over the vesting period of the grant. This study investigates the impact of SFAS 123(R) on the type of executive incentive pay‐option versus restricted stock.Design/methodology/approachComprehensive compensation data was collected from Standard & Poors ExecuComp data base for the period 2002‐2006 for two industries identified by SIC codes 73 (business services) and 35 (electronics). The study tracks the percentage of pay in the form of incentive stock options or restrictive stock grants before and after SFAS No. 123(R) was adopted in 2004. A series of multivariate regression models test whether the restricted stock percentage of total compensation can be partially explained by the adoption of SFAS 123(R).FindingsThe results show that the average fair value of stock awards is higher and the average fair value of option awards is lower after 2004. In addition, after 2004, stock compensation as a percentage of total pay is positively related to stock price volatility. The data also suggest that those companies substituting restricted stock for options actually increase total incentive pay.Social implicationsThe study's findings may suggest that those companies substituting restricted stock for options increase total executive pay. This would be a side effect from the adoption of SFAS 123(R), in that most companies use the Black‐Scholes model to value executive options. Given the long life of these options and the high volatility in certain industries the option value is quite high. Therefore, the amount of substituted restricted stock is also inflated.Originality/valueThe adoption of SFAS 123(R) was highly contested by executives in industries with high stock price volatility. The authors document that, in the case of two industries, executive incentive pay structure was affected.
Risk factors associated with a decrease ≥2 g/dL in haemoglobin and/or ≥10% haematocrit in osteoarthritis patients taking celecoxib or a nonselective NSAID plus a PPI in a large randomised controlled trial (CONDOR)
Authors: Lanas A. , Goldstein J. L. , Chan F. K. L. , Wilcox C. M. , Peura D. A. , Li C. , Sands G. H. , Scheiman J. M. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryBackgroundNonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs are associated with gastrointestinal (GI) damage. The Celecoxib vs. Omeprazole and Diclofenac for At‐Risk Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients (CONDOR) trial showed that a haemoglobin drop ≥2 g/dL adjudicated as either of defined or presumed GI origin was the most frequent component/event for the composite GI primary end point. This adverse event is potentially clinically relevant in long‐term NSAID treatment.AimTo define potential risk factors associated with a decrease in haemoglobin/haematocrit.Methods
Post hoc analysis of the CONDOR trial was conducted in the intention‐to‐treat population. Clinically significant blood loss was defined as: (i) a haemoglobin drop ≥2 g/dL and/or a haematocrit drop ≥10%; and (ii) blood loss adjudicated as either of defined or presumed GI origin. Fifteen risk factors were evaluated by stepwise logistic regression. Each factor had to be significant at <0.20 α to be included in the model.ResultsA total of 64/3774 (1.7%) osteoarthritis (OA) patients had decreased haemoglobin/haematocrit and were adjudicated to the GI endpoint. Significant risk factors, at the 0.20 α level found to be associated with clinically significant blood loss in OA patients included [odds ratio (80% CI)] baseline C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels [2.27 (1.46–3.53)], history of gastritis and history of GI intolerance [1.55 (1.06–2.28)], positive Helicobacter pylori at screening [1.54 (1.07–2.22)], increasing age [1.17 (1.04–1.32)] and body mass index [BMI; 1.03 (1.00–1.06)].ConclusionsMonitoring for decreases in haemoglobin should be considered for all OA patients and especially those with an increased age, BMI, history of gastritis and GI intolerance, CRP levels >1 mg/dL and/or positive
H. pylori status, as this may affect their clinical management.
The effect of the European Working Time Directive on anaesthetic working patterns and training
Authors: Paul R. G. , Bunker N. , Fauvel N.J. , Cox M. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryThere is concern that the European Working Time Directive 2009 has led to reduced time available for training, and this study examined if this has been the case. For two identical six‐month periods in 1999 (pre‐Directive) and 2009 (post‐Directive), weekly data were collected on the total number of sessions attended by trainees, the number of supervised sessions and the leave days taken. A total of 5925 theatre sessions were analysed (2353 in 1999 and 3572 in 2009). For ST1‐2 trainees, there was a 37% increase in theatre sessions attended (p = 0.02), with a 77% increase in the number of these sessions supervised by a consultant (p = 0.02). For ST3‐7 trainees, there was a reduction in the number of theatre sessions attended of 27% (p = 0.03), but this was not accompanied by a significant increase in the number of consultant‐supervised sessions (11% increase; p = 0.18). The aggregate median increase in weekly consultant‐supervised theatre sessions per trainee increased for ST1‐2 trainees (70% increase; p = 0.0016) but not for ST3‐7 trainees (11% increase; p = 0.31). For neither trainee group did training time decline. Our data contradict the hypothesis that the European Working Time Directive has reduced access to training, or suggest that if it has, other factors (such as improved trainee rostering) have overridden its effect.
A national service evaluation of the impact of alcohol on admissions to Scottish intensive care units*
Authors: Geary T. , O’Brien P. , Ramsay S. , Cook B. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryAlcohol‐related disease adversely affects the outcome of critically ill patients. The burden of this in Scotland is higher than elsewhere in the United Kingdom. In a prospective observational study of all patients admitted to the 24 intensive care units in Scotland we assessed the proportion of admissions in which alcohol‐related disease was implicated. Of 771 admissions, 642 (83.3%) were unplanned and 196 (25.4%) were related to alcohol. There was a significantly higher proportion of men in the alcohol‐related admissions group (140 (71.4%) vs 291 (50.6%), p = 0.009). This group was also significantly younger with median (IQR [range]) ages of 51 (38–63 [16–89]) vs 63 (48–73 [16–92]) years (p < 0.001). The alcohol‐related group had a significantly longer period of ventilation with a median (IQR [range]) of 2 (1–6 [0–176]) vs 1 (0–4 [0–136]) days (p < 0.005). Admissions from an area of deprivation were more likely to be related to alcohol. Alcohol‐related admissions have a significant impact on Scottish intensive care services, with an extrapolated cost of £8.9 million per year.
Epidural catheter connectors: a laboratory‐based comparison of the Portex Tuohy‐Borst and EpiFuse™ designs*
Authors: Richardson P. B. , Turner M. W. , Wilkes A. R. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryDisconnection of an epidural catheter from its connector may result in patient harm and commonly requires resiting of the epidural. Clamp‐connector designs such as the novel Portex EpiFuse™ potentially offer an improved safety profile over screw‐cap designs such as the Tuohy‐Borst, but comparative studies are limited. We therefore compared the tensile strength of EpiFuse and Tuohy‐Borst connectors in a laboratory setting. We further sought to establish whether operator modification of the EpiFuse increased its vulnerability to disconnection. The median (IQR [range]) force to induce disconnection was 8.0 (4.1–12.8 [0.0–22.6]) N for Tuohy‐Borst connectors and 16.4 (15.2–17.7 [5.7–18.9]) and 15.9 (15.0–16.9 [5.8–18.1]) N for standard and modified EpiFuse connectors, respectively (p < 0.0001). The Tuohy‐Borst was also less likely to meet British Standard requirements (13/20 sets vs 19/20 and 20/20, p = 0.002). Modification of the EpiFuse did not affect lumen patency or connection strength. We conclude that under controlled conditions, EpiFuse connectors are superior to Tuohy‐Borst connectors.
Pharmacokinetics of eribulin mesylate in patients with solid tumours receiving repeated oral rifampicin
Authors: Devriese Lot A. , Witteveen Petronella (Els) O. , Wanders Jantien , Law Kenneth , Edwards Geoff , Reyderman Larisa , Copalu William , Peng Fuping , Marchetti Serena , Beijnen Jos H. , Huitema Alwin D. R. , Voest Emile E. , Schellens Jan H. M. 
Published: July 2012

AimEribulin mesylate is a non‐taxane microtubule dynamics inhibitor that was recently approved for treatment of metastatic breast cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of rifampicin, a CYP3A4 inducer, on the plasma pharmacokinetics of eribulin in patients with solid tumours.MethodsAn open‐label, non‐randomized phase I study was carried out. Patients received intravenous 1.4 mg m−2 eribulin mesylate on days 1 and 15 and oral rifampicin 600 mg on days 9 to 20 of a 28 day cycle. Pharmacokinetic sampling for determination of eribulin plasma concentrations was performed up to 144 h following administration. AUC(0,∞) and Cmax for eribulin exposure without or with co‐administration of rifampicin were subjected to an analysis of variance (anova) and corresponding 90% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Subsequently, patients were allowed to continue eribulin mesylate treatment with 1.4 mg m−2 eribulin mesylate on days 1 and 8 of a 21 day cycle. Also the adverse event profile and anti‐tumour activity were assessed.ResultsFourteen patients were included and 11 patients were evaluable for pharmacokinetic analysis. Co‐administration of rifampicin had no effect on single dose exposure to eribulin (geometric least square means ratio: AUC(0,∞) = 1.10, 90% CI 0.91, 1.34 and Cmax = 0.97, 90% 0.81, 1.17). The most common treatment‐related grade ≥3 adverse events were grade 3 neutropenia (4/14, 29%), leucopenia and fatigue (both 3/14, 21%).ConclusionsThese results indicate that eribulin mesylate may be safely co‐administered with compounds that are CYP3A4 inducers.
Effects of atomoxetine on the QT interval in healthy CYP2D6 poor metabolizers
Authors: Loghin Corina , Haber Harry , Beasley Charles M. , Kothare Prajakti A. , Kauffman Lynnette , April John , Jin Ling , Allen Albert J. , Mitchell Malcolm I. 
Published: July 2012

AimThe effects of atomoxetine (20 and 60 mg twice daily), 400 mg moxifloxacin and placebo on QTc in 131 healthy CYP2D6 poor metabolizer males were compared.MethodsAtomoxetine doses were selected to result in plasma concentrations that approximated expected plasma concentrations at both the maximum recommended dose and at a supratherapeutic dose in CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers. Ten second electrocardiograms were obtained for time‐matched baseline on days −2 and −1, three time points after dosing on day 1 for moxifloxacin and five time points on day 7 for atomoxetine and placebo. Maximum mean placebo‐subtracted change from baseline model‐corrected QT (QTcM) on day 7 was the primary endpoint.ResultsQTcM differences for atomoxetine 20 and 60 mg twice daily were 0.5 ms (upper bound of the one‐sided 95% confidence interval 2.2 ms) and 4.2 ms (upper bound of the one‐sided 95% confidence interval 6.0 ms), respectively. As plasma concentration of atomoxetine increased, a statistically significant increase in QTc was observed. The moxifloxacin difference from placebo met the a priori definition of non‐inferiority. Maximum mean placebo‐subtracted change from baseline QTcM for moxifloxacin was 4.8 ms and this difference was statistically significant. Moxifloxacin plasma concentrations were below the concentrations expected from the literature. However, the slope of the plasma concentration−QTc change observed was consistent with the literature.ConclusionAtomoxetine was not associated with a clinically significant change in QTc. However, a statistically significant increase in QTc was associated with increasing plasma concentrations.