bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards formally specifying and verifying transactional memory
Authors: Doherty Simon , Groves Lindsay , Luchangco Victor , Moir Mark 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Over the last decade, great progress has been made in developing practical transactional memory (TM) implementations, but relatively little attention has been paid to precisely specifying what it means for them to be correct, or formally proving that they are. In this paper, we present TMS1 (Transactional Memory Specification 1), a precise specification of correct behaviour of a TM runtime library. TMS1 targets TM runtimes used to implement transactional features in an unmanaged programming language such as C or C++. In such contexts, even transactions that ultimately abort must observe consistent states of memory; otherwise, unrecoverable errors such as divide-by-zero may occur before a transaction aborts, even in a correct program in which the error would not be possible if transactions were executed atomically. We specify TMS1 precisely using an I/O automaton (IOA). This approach enables us to also model TM implementations using IOAs and to construct fully formal and machine-checked correctness proofs for them using well established proof techniques and tools. We outline key requirements for a TM system. To avoid precluding any implementation that satisfies these requirements, we specify TMS1 to be as general as we can, consistent with these requirements. The cost of such generality is that the condition does not map closely to intuition about common TM implementation techniques, and thus it is difficult to prove that such implementations satisfy the condition. To address this concern, we present TMS2, a more restrictive condition that more closely reflects intuition about common TM implementation techniques. We present a simulation proof that TMS2 implements TMS1, thus showing that to prove that an implementation satisfies TMS1, it suffices to prove that it satisfies TMS2. We have formalised and verified this proof using the PVS specification and verification system.
Quantitative Analysis of Lard in Cosmetic Lotion Formulation Using FTIR Spectroscopy and Partial Least Square Calibration
Authors: Lukitaningsih Endang , Sa’adah Miftahus , Purwanto  , Rohman Abdul 
Published: March 2012

AbstractFourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics of partial least squares (PLS) has been optimized for rapid determination of lard in a binary mixture with palm oil in a cosmetic lotion formulation. Lard, palm oil, and a binary mixture were extracted from matrix samples using liquid–liquid extraction, evaporated with a vacuum rotary evaporator, and the fat/oil yielded was further subjected to FTIR spectrometric measurement using attenuated total reflectance (ATR) as a sampling handling technique. The level of lard in the mixture with palm oil in the lotion formulation was quantified at frequency region of 1,200–1,000 cm−1. The PLS calibration model reveals good correlation between the actual value of lard (x‐axis) and the FTIR predicted value (y‐axis) with a coefficient of determination (R2) of >0.99. Furthermore, the classification between lotions with and without lard in their formulation was performed using principal component analysis using the same frequency region used for quantification. The developed method was subsequently used for analysis of cosmetic lotions commercially available in the market. All samples analyzed did not contain lard in their formulations.
The challenge to bring personalized cancer medicine from clinical trials into routine clinical practice: The case of the Institut Gustave Roussy
Authors: Arnedos Monica , André Fabrice , Farace Françoise , Lacroix Ludovic , Besse Benjamin , Robert Caroline , Soria Jean Charles , Eggermont Alexander M.M. 
Published: March 2012

Research with high throughput technologies has propitiated the segmentation of different types of tumors into very small subgroups characterized by the presence of very rare molecular alterations.The identification of these subgroups and the apparition of new agents targeting these infrequent alterations are already affecting the way in which clinical trials are being conducted with an increased need to identify those patients harboring specific molecular alterations.In this review we describe some of the currently ongoing and future studies at the Institut Gustave Roussy that aim for the identification of potential therapeutic targets for cancer patients with the incorporation of high throughput technologies into daily practice including aCGH, next generation sequencing and the creation of a software that allows for target identification specific for each tumor. The initial intention is to enrich clinical trials with cancer patients carrying certain molecular alterations in order to increase the possibility of demonstrating benefit from a targeted agent. Mid and long term aims are to facilitate and speed up the process of drug development as well as to implement the concept of personalized medicine.
BioQ: tracing experimental origins in public genomic databases using a novel data provenance model
Authors: Saccone Scott F. , Quan Jiaxi , Jones Peter L. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Motivation: Public genomic databases, which are often used to guide genetic studies of human disease, are now being applied to genomic medicine through in silico integrative genomics. These databases, however, often lack tools for systematically determining the experimental origins of the data.
Results: We introduce a new data provenance model that we have implemented in a public web application, BioQ, for assessing the reliability of the data by systematically tracing its experimental origins to the original subjects and biologics. BioQ allows investigators to both visualize data provenance as well as explore individual elements of experimental process flow using precise tools for detailed data exploration and documentation. It includes a number of human genetic variation databases such as the HapMap and 1000 Genomes projects.
Availability and implementation: BioQ is freely available to the public at http://bioq.saclab.net
Contact: ssaccone@wustl.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
GRiP: a computational tool to simulate transcription factor binding in prokaryotes
Authors: Zabet Nicolae Radu , Adryan Boris 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Motivation: Transcription factors (TFs) are proteins that regulate gene activity by binding to specific sites on the DNA. Understanding the way these molecules locate their target site is of great importance in understanding gene regulation. We developed a comprehensive computational model of this process and estimated the model parameters in (N.R.Zabet and B.Adryan, submitted for publication).
Results: GRiP (gene regulation in prokaryotes) is a highly versatile implementation of this model and simulates the search process in a computationally efficient way. This program aims to provide researchers in the field with a flexible and highly customizable simulation framework. Its features include representation of DNA sequence, TFs and the interaction between TFs and the DNA (facilitated diffusion mechanism), or between various TFs (cooperative behaviour). The software will record both information on the dynamics associated with the search process (locations of molecules) and also steady-state results (affinity landscape, occupancy-bias and collision hotspots).
Availability: http://logic.sysbiol.cam.ac.uk/grip, program and source code
Contact: n.r.zabet@gen.cam.ac.uk
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The use of classification and regression trees to predict the likelihood of seasonal influenza
Authors: Afonso Anna M , Ebell Mark H , Gonzales Ralph , Stein John , Genton Blaise , Senn Nicolas 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
Individual signs and symptoms are of limited value for the diagnosis of influenza.

Objective
To develop a decision tree for the diagnosis of influenza based on a classification and regression tree (CART) analysis.

Methods
Data from two previous similar cohort studies were assembled into a single dataset. The data were randomly divided into a development set (70%) and a validation set (30%). We used CART analysis to develop three models that maximize the number of patients who do not require diagnostic testing prior to treatment decisions. The validation set was used to evaluate overfitting of the model to the training set.

Results
Model 1 has seven terminal nodes based on temperature, the onset of symptoms and the presence of chills, cough and myalgia. Model 2 was a simpler tree with only two splits based on temperature and the presence of chills. Model 3 was developed with temperature as a dichotomous variable (≥38°C) and had only two splits based on the presence of fever and myalgia. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCC) for the development and validation sets, respectively, were 0.82 and 0.80 for Model 1, 0.75 and 0.76 for Model 2 and 0.76 and 0.77 for Model 3. Model 2 classified 67% of patients in the validation group into a high- or low-risk group compared with only 38% for Model 1 and 54% for Model 3.

Conclusions
A simple decision tree (Model 2) classified two-thirds of patients as low or high risk and had an AUROCC of 0.76. After further validation in an independent population, this CART model could support clinical decision making regarding influenza, with low-risk patients requiring no further evaluation for influenza and high-risk patients being candidates for empiric symptomatic or drug therapy.
Dynamics of vibration isolation system obeying fractional differentiation
Authors: Li Song , Fang Bo , Yang Tianzhi , Zhang Yewei , Tan Lijun , Huang Wenhu 
Published: March 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze a new, whole‐spacecraft isolator and its performance of vibration isolation, which has been designed to ensure spacecraft safety at the launching stage.Design/methodology/approachThe design is based on the analysis of fractional derivative stress‐strain constitutive relationship of viscoelastic materials. First, the authors study the constitutive relationships for viscoelastic solid of the damping materials, then the authors introduce the results obtained to the equations of motion for the damped isolator.FindingsBy performing a series of transformation, the authors obtain the analytical solution of the equations. It is shown that the results compare favourably to the numerical simulations and experiments. In addition, a saturation phenomenon for the first order damping ratio is also discussed.Practical implicationsIt is found that the constitutive relationships written in terms of the fractional calculus can be applied in the system function of the whole‐spacecraft vibration isolator. Such relationships, developed previously from a model analysis base, have been shown to be useful tools for engineering analyses.Originality/valueSome suggestions are given to improve the design of viscoelastic whole‐spacecraft isolators. The establishment of a theoretical basis for the new fractional differential dynamical system enhances their value, as they may now be used with increased reliability of satellite.
The classification of acoustic emission signals of 304 stainless steel during stress corrosion process based on K‐means clustering
Authors: Li Jian , Du Gang , Jiang Chen , Jin Shijiu 
Published: March 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to classify and identify the acoustic emission (AE) signals of 304 stainless steel during stress corrosion process.Design/methodology/approachThe corrosion behavior of a specimen during slow strain rate testing (SSRT) in acidic NaCl solution was studied. The AE signals during the corrosion process were classified based on K‐means cluster algorithms; meanwhile, the characteristics of different AE sources were analyzed.FindingsThe results indicated that the AE characteristics of different AE sources, such as pitting, cracking, and bubble break‐up, differ significantly. The 304 stainless steel was prone to the occurrence of stress corrosion cracking under the SSRT condition in acidic NaCl solution.Originality/valueThe characteristics of different AE sources during corrosion process were gained for the first time, which could be of much help in analyzing and judging the corrosion situation.
Research into the characteristics of furnace tube oxide film in CPT, CT, AVT(R) and AVT(O) water chemistry conditions
Authors: Zhu Zhiping , Zhang Hui , Jing Linlin , Xiong Shuhua , Tan Zhenghui 
Published: March 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to research the morphologies of the oxide films formed on the internal surfaces of water wall tubes in a 600 MW furnace at 300° while using CPT, CT, AVT(R) and AVT(O) water chemistry. In these water chemistry conditions, a layer of oxide film spontaneously forms in the furnace wall which could prevent corrosions in boiler water directly contact with the inner tube and reduce the probability of tube perforation.Design/methodology/approachThe different morphologies, specific functions and distribution in the oxide film were identified by electrochemical workstation, XRD, SEM and EDAX.FindingsIt is concluded that metal surface was rugged and had deep corrosion in CPT. Ions penetrated into the oxides of large particles with gaps and intergranular corrosion occurred in CT conditions. In AVT(R), the oxide film uniformly covered on the metal surface played a protective role, but could be easily washed away by solution. The oxide film formed in AVT(O) was similar to AVT(R), but the difference is that large solid particles of Fe2O3 cover the outermost oxide film, which prevents the oxide film from being taken away by the flowing solution. In consequence, the degree of corrosion sustained by the tube walls is lowest in the case of AVT(O).Originality/valueThe results can provide reference for reducing the high temperature corrosion of metal in the actual operation.
Food for thought: “four Ss with one F”
Authors: Rehber Erkan 
Published: March 2012

PurposeThis review aims to reexamine the main issues of the food problem under a new concept coined as “Four Ss with one F”. It aims to provide a stimulus for thinking food problems through a simple formula “Four Ss with one F” for getting the “full” story at a glance.Design/methodology/approachThis descriptive paper is based on an extensive literature review as well as personal observations gained from previous studies.FindingsThe three Ss, security or insecurity, safety, and sovereignty have been major topics in the public agenda for a long time as food‐related problems. When the basic idea “food for all” is considered, these are not inclusive enough. The fourth concept can be described as shareability. These concepts are not competitive but complementary, even overlapping to some extent. Food sovereignty and shareability can be considered opposing concepts to the available free‐market based approaches in the efforts to bring all people food security and food safety. This revision evidenced that despite the many efforts in this field for several decades, present free market oriented approaches have not led to solutions to the problem of food security and providing safe food to all people, i.e. “food for all”. Hunger does not result from a shortage in the food supply as generally argued. The food problem is related to poverty and the inability to purchase food. It is not possible to solve hunger and nutrition problems and maintain a permanent social peace without equality and justice in income distribution throughout the world in such a way that poor people have enough income to access vital basic food needs.Originality/valueThis paper introduces a new concept in food science as shareability along with considering previous concepts of food, security, safety and sovereignty, all together.
A review of Chinese food safety strategies implemented after several food safety incidents involving export of Chinese aquatic products
Authors: Liu Huanan , Kerr William A. , Hobbs Jill E. 
Published: March 2012

PurposeThe rapid transition from a command to market‐based economy in China has required the development of a food safety system for aquatic products where one did not previously exist. The pace of change has meant that food safety systems have struggled to keep up. In 2007 food safety incidents damaged the reputation of aquatic products in export markets. The Chinese Government has moved quickly to strengthen the safety regime for aquatic products. The purpose of this paper is to assess these initiatives in the context of their potential to regain international acceptance of Chinese aquatic products.Design/methodology/approachA regulatory assessment approach is used.FindingsThe findings are that increased government oversight alone is not likely to lead to a fully effective food safety system for aquatic products. The development of private sector‐based incentives to encourage investment in food safety is an essential co‐requisite to increased government oversight if China's access to international markets is to be assured.Originality/valueThe value of this study lies in the light it sheds on the efforts of a major player in the international market for aquatic products to improve the efficacy of its food safety system. China's regulatory regimes are often opaque, limiting the ability of those wishing to assess the advisability of importing food products from China.
Tea, coffee and associated lifestyle factors
Authors: Hewlett Paul , Wadsworth Emma 
Published: March 2012

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to determine lifestyle factors associated with different drink choices as past research has suggested some differences.Design/methodology/approachCaffeinated tea and coffee consuming habits in a South Wales sample were investigated by postal questionnaire. Multiple regression was used to determine odds ratios for demographic, health and lifestyle factors associated with drink patterns. There were 7,979 questionnaire respondents, 58 per cent of whom were female. Their mean age was 45.61 years (SD =18.00, range =16‐97).FindingsCaffeinated tea/coffee consumption was associated with both alcohol and smoking behaviours. The results also suggested that non‐consumers of caffeinated tea or coffee were not a homogeneous group, as different demographic and lifestyle profiles were identified for: those that did not drink tea or coffee at all; and those that drank only decaffeinated tea or coffee.Research limitations/implicationsFuture caffeine research may need to consider whether a broad distinction based on caffeine consumption or non‐consumption alone is always appropriate.Originality/valueThe findings suggest some differences within the caffeinated drink consuming population, including demographic profiles relating to whether consumers drank tea or coffee. They add to the data already available in comparing not only caffeine versus no caffeine, but also characteristics associated with different caffeinated drinks.
An appropriate change strategy for lean success
Authors: Bhasin Sanjay 
Published: March 2012

PurposeBritish empirical research suggests culture and change have contributed to every lean failure. While prevailing research implies that successful lean implementations lead to a profitable organisation it focuses on the low numbers of successful lean conversions. This paper aims to explore the importance of a suitable change strategy resulting in the likelihood of a triumphant lean implementation.Design/methodology/approachPredominantly results from 68 survey questionnaires and seven case studies consisting of both questionnaires and interview schedules were utilised. Subsequently extensive lean audits were carried out in 20 companies as a comprehensive validating exercise.FindingsThe significance of change was evident; a high correlation was found within the audits with successful organizations suggesting that a triumphant implementation requires a systematic and controlled change strategy.Research limitations/implicationsWhile lean failures are attributable to different causes, the fundamental issues of corporate culture and change are evident. Every company needs to find its own way to implement lean and it should be viewed as a never‐ending journey.Practical implicationsThe implementation of lean cannot be taken nonchalantly owing to the investment in terms of time and money. Consequently, if an organization pursues the change strategy suggested the probability of success implementation is improved.Originality/valueThis research undertaken in British manufacturing organisations focused on a bespoke change strategy for lean as there exists a plethora of research focusing on the generic change process.
Behind knowledge transfer
Authors: Trong Tuan Luu 
Published: March 2012

PurposeThrough an empirical inquiry into manufacturing joint ventures companies in Vietnam setting, this paper aims to examine the relationships among knowledge sharing and its antecedents such as organisational culture, ethics, and human resources localization.Design/methodology/approachAn analysis of data returned from a questionnaire survey among middle level managers in these manufacturing joint ventures companies was conducted via analysis of variance and structural equation modelling.FindingsThe study findings display the correspondence between control culture and ethics of justice. Flexibility culture, on the other hand, tends to nurture ethics of care, which in turn positively impact localization of intellectual capital. The influence of intellectual capital localization on knowledge sharing is also discerned.Originality/valueThe study offers insight into the linkage pattern of knowledge sharing and its antecedents, organisational culture, ethics, and human resources localization, in manufacturing joint venture companies in a Vietnam business context.
The context of entrepreneurship education in Ethiopian universities
Authors: Tessema Gerba Dugassa 
Published: March 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore and evaluate entrepreneurship education in public universities in Ethiopia.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on the data obtained from 16 public universities in the country. The undergraduate curriculum of each university was examined to understand the departments in which entrepreneurship course(s) is/are offered. The syllabus for entrepreneurship course was examined to understand the focus areas and objectives of the entrepreneurship education. A questionnaire based on the literature was used to gather information about the background of entrepreneurship instructors, the teaching and evaluation methods employed in entrepreneurship courses.FindingsThe results show that entrepreneurship education is in its early phase of development in Ethiopian public universities. Entrepreneurship education was mainly offered in business schools and agricultural colleges, though recently it started to be included in the curricula of other schools too, mainly technology institutes/colleges. Traditional teaching and evaluation methods are dominant in teaching and assessing entrepreneurship courses in Ethiopian universities. Ethiopian public universities are also characterized by a dearth of entrepreneurship promotion centers.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is based on the analysis of curricula and course syllabi and the evaluation of academic staff involved in teaching of entrepreneurship. The study would have been more complete had it included the perception of students.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest the need for incorporating entrepreneurship education in all disciplines and the need to further improve the teaching and evaluation methods utilized in the courses. The findings also suggest the need to enhance the capacity of academic staff involved in teaching entrepreneurship.Originality/valueThe paper is the first to examine the state of entrepreneurship education in Ethiopian public universities in a detailed way.