bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paper 5: The Development of Centrifugal Gas Compressors for Process Plant Duty
Authors: Ibbott H. F. 
Published: June 2010

This paper describes the various types of centrifugal compressor used in process plants, and continues to discuss the more important components of these compressors and particular design features which are required to overcome some difficult operational problems. Items of particular interest include a discussion on the latest form of compressor rotor construction, the techniques required for balancing a rotor at full speed, and a detailed analysis of shaft gas seals and problems that can arise with gas seals under certain operating conditions. The paper also describes such special subjects related to process plant compressors as compressor selection and design by utilization of computers, methods of reducing time to produce compressor orders by discrete stockholdings; types of driver and shaft couplings used for these machines, and test facilities employed for centrifugal compressors which can be utilized to reduce commissioning periods at site.
Paper 4: Future Developments in Personal Transit
Authors: Ross H. R. 
Published: June 2010

Personal rapid transit systems are now under development in the U.S.A. that promise to revolutionize public transport. These systems, comprising small capsules to transport family-sized groups of passengers, would operate on special guideways under full automatic control. Although it is foreseen that the initial installations of these types of systems in the next three to five years will be small in scale, typically a few miles of guideway, the potential exists for area-wide urban systems that will gradually take over many of the transport functions of the automobile and conventional urban transport. In this paper the existing forms of land transport are reviewed to provide perspective for a discussion of advanced forms. The opportunities for advanced systems are seen in applications where existing modes are particularly deficient; for example, in high-density activity centres. It is shown that improvements in urban transport may be made by using more advanced technologies, or by a fundamental revision in the system concept, or both. The personal rapid transit concept is seen as a basic system innovation that offers a major departure from the mass transit concepts of the past. It is shown that it can be implemented either with conventional technology or may use advanced technology to reduce costs and improve performance. Three representative types of systems are described to illustrate hardware approaches by different industrial groups. The discussion emphasizes the possibilities of advanced technologies, an approach that appears to provide a better implementation of these systems and extend their potential. Possible long-range future developments in this new mode of land transport are reviewed.
Living Radical Polymerizations in Supercritical CO2-Swollen Fluorinated Polymer Substrates
Authors: Arita Toshihiko , Yoshimura Tomoka , Adschiri Tadafumi 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Living radical polymerizations (LRPs) in supercritical CO2-swollen polymer substrates were investigated. Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in supercritical CO2-swollen polymer substrates produced interpenetration of PMMA chains in the mother polymer substrates. In addition, nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP) of styrene in supercritical CO2-swollen polymer substrates resulted in interpenetration of polystyrene (PS) chains in the mother polymer substrates. The chain extensions of the penetrated PMMA chains by ATRPs of methacrylates were also performed. Chain extension ATRPs were carried out by immersing PMMA penetrated polymer substrate in a methanol solution for ATRP of another methacrylate. The chain extension was also successful. This is important for the development of the science and technology of polymer blends produced via living radical polymerizations.
Fingerprint-Detection of Sugar-Binding Proteins Generated by Labeled Structured Glycopeptides Arrays
Authors: Kawasaki Takayasu , Ohyama Takafumi , Hirata Akiyoshi , Nokihara Kiyoshi 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Based on a novel biochip-concept involving labeled structured peptides and the “protein-fingerprint” method, the construction of O-glycopeptide-array on a novel chip material and their use for biodetection are described.
Reliability of the Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA) for Children and Youth With Acquired Brain Injury
Authors: Davis Elizabeth , Galvin Jane , Soo Cheryl 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIntroduction:The ability to use both hands to interact with objects is required in daily activities and is therefore important to measure in clinical practice. The Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA) is unique in evaluating the function of a child or youth's assisting hand, through observing the spontaneous manipulation of objects during bimanual activity. The AHA was developed for children with unilateral motor impairment, and shows strong psychometric properties when used with children who have cerebral palsy (CP) or obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP). The AHA is currently used in clinical practice with children who have an acquired brain injury (ABI), however there is limited research on the measurement properties of its use with this population.Objectives:The study aimed to determine the interrater and intrarater reliability of the AHA for children and youth with unilateral motor impairment following ABI. Methods: For interrater reliability, two occupational therapists (OT1 and OT2) independently rated the same 26 children and youth. For intrarater reliability, OT2 conducted a second assessment on the 26 participants 1 week later. Association between item scores on the AHA were analysed using weighted kappa (Kw), while intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used for domain and total scores.Results:The AHA items demonstrated good to excellent intrarater reliability (Kw= 0.67–1.00). Interrater reliability was good to excellent (Kw=0.60–0.84) for 20 of the 22 items of the AHA. Interrater and intrarater reliability coefficients for all domain and total scores were in the excellent range (ICC = 0.85–0.99).Conclusion:The current study indicates that the AHA shows good interrater and intrarater reliability when used with the paediatric ABI population. Findings provide preliminary support for the continued use of the AHA for children and youth with acquired hemiplegia.
Development and Evaluation of an Ecological Task to Assess Executive Functioning Post Childhood TBI: The Children's Cooking Task
Authors: Chevignard Mathilde P. , Catroppa Cathy , Galvin Jane , Anderson Vicki 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPurpose:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often leads to executive functions deficits, which may be responsible for severe and longstanding disabilities in everyday activities. Sensitivity and ecological validity of neuropsychological tests of executive functions have been questioned. The aims of this study were to pilot an ecological open-ended assessment of executive functions in children, the ‘Children's Cooking Task’ (CCT), specifically to report its reliability, discriminant validity and concurrent validity.Methods:Twenty-five children with mild (n= 10) or moderate-to-severe TBI (n= 15), and 21 matched controls (aged 8 to 20 years) participated in the study. An open-ended cooking task was designed to test multi-tasking abilities. It required the preparation of two simple recipes using specific instructions. Outcome measures included the number of errors and an overall qualitative analysis of the task. Validating measures of executive functions included the Delis Kaplan Executive Function System, the Six-Part Test and two questionnaires completed by the child's primary care-giver: the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function and the Dysexecutive Questionnaire for Children.Results:Internal consistency of the Children's Cooking Task was high (Cronbach's alpha = .86), as was test–retest reliability (ICC = .89). Children with moderate-to-severe TBI, as well as children with mild TBI made significantly more errors in the Children's Cooking Task in comparison to controls (p< .001). The CCT was correlated with several tests and one questionnaire of executive functioning (Trails, verbal fluency, sorting, 20 questions, Dysexecutive Questionnaire).Discussion and Conclusion:The Children's Cooking Task has good interrater and test–retest reliability, as well as good discriminant and concurrent validity.
Using the La Trobe Communication Questionnaire to Measure Perceived Social Communication Ability in Adolescents With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Douglas Jacinta M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIntroduction:The La Trobe Communication Questionnaire (LCQ) was developed to measure perceived social communication ability from various sources including the self-perceptions of individuals as well as those of others with whom they converse regularly (e.g., family members, friends and clinicians). It has been psychometrically evaluated with healthy young adults and adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and found to have acceptable reliability and validity. The present study was conducted to gauge the ability of the LCQ to distinguish between a group of adolescents who had sustained TBI and a control group of neurologically normal adolescents matched on the variables of socio-economic status (SES), age, gender and level of education completed.Method:Participants were 19 TBI dyads (TBI adolescents and close relatives) and 19 control dyads. All TBI adolescents had sustained severe injury (mean posttraumatic amnesia duration 33.76 days,SD18.13) due to moving vehicle-related trauma. Mean age at the time of injury was 16.33 years (SD 1.67) and at the time of assessment 17.11years (SD1.90). The LCQ was administered to all participants at home.Results:Perceptions of TBI adolescents and their relatives were significantly different from those of control dyads and consistent with a higher frequency of social communication difficulties in the TBI group. Difficulties reflected reduced conversational fluency and problems with managing the multiple demands of social discourse.Conclusions:The LCQ is a clinical tool that has sound potential to contribute to the multifaceted assessment of social communication in adolescents with TBI.
Cooperative Research Program Goals in New England: Perceptions of Active Commercial Fishermen
Authors: Hartley Troy W. , Robertson Robert A. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Cooperative fisheries research will continue to expand throughout the United States with the 2007 reauthorization of the Magnuson-Stevens Act, which called for the development of regionally-based cooperative research programs nationwide. We report on a survey of individuals actively engaged in commercial fishing in New England (N = 295) that asked how important and achievable cooperative research programmatic goals are and why. One goal, “the promotion of partnerships between fishermen and scientists,” was particularly important to fishermen because partnerships are believed to be in everyone's interests, enhance the quality of the science, lead to better management decisions, improve the professional relationships between fishermen and scientists, and speak to a fishermen's sense of professional duty. However, fewer respondents considered the partnership goal achievable because of a wide range of obstacles. Based upon the findings and published studies on the perceptions of scientists and mangers, we discuss recommendations for cooperative research managers.
Vertical Zoning in Marine Protected Areas: Ecological Considerations for Balancing Pelagic Fishing with Conservation of Benthic Communities
Authors: Grober-Dunsmore Rikki , Wooninck Lisa , Field John , Ainsworth Cameron , Beets Jim , Berkeley Steve , Bohnsack Jim , Boulon Rafe , Brodeur Richard , Brodziak John , Crowder Larry , Gleason Danny , Hixon Mark , Kaufman Les , Lindberg Bill , Miller Marc , Morgan Lance , Wahle Charles 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Marine protected areas (MPAs), ideally, manage human uses that threaten ecosystems, or components of ecosystems. During several recent MPA designation processes, concerns have arisen over the scientific justification for no-take MPAs, particularly those that restrict recreational fishing for pelagic species. An important question is: under what conditions might recreational pelagic fishing be compatible with the conservation goals of an MPA that is primarily focused on benthic communities? In 2005, an expert workshop of fisheries biologists, marine ecologists, MPA managers, and recreational fishermen was convened by NOAA's National MPA Center to evaluate the limited empirical data on benthic-pelagic coupling and to help provide practical advice on this topic. The participants (i) proposed a preliminary conceptual framework for addressing vertical zoning, (ii) developed preliminary guidelines to consider when evaluating whether to allow or restrict pelagic fishing in an MPA, and (iii) identified future research priorities for understanding benthic-pelagic coupling. A suite of ecological conditions where recreational pelagic fishing may not be compatible with benthic conservation were identified: (1) high relief habitats, (2) depths shallower than 50–100 m (depending upon the specific location), (3) major topographic and oceanographic features, and (4) spawning areas. Similarly, pelagic fishing is not likely to affect benthic communities adversely in many circumstances. Until further scientific study can shed more light on the issue of how benthic-pelagic linkages affect specific conservation targets, the proposed framework in this manuscript provides practical, easily-applied guidance for using vertical zoning to manage fishing in multiple use MPAs that focus on benthic conservation.
The 1962 Rotenone Treatment of the Green River, Wyoming and Utah, Revisited: Lessons Learned
Authors: Wiley Robert W. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The 1962 rotenone treatment of the Green River in southwestern Wyoming and northeastern Utah was planned to depress populations of undesirable fish species, primarily common carp (Cyprinus carpio), before closure of Flaming Gorge Dam (1962), and upstream Fontenelle Dam (1964). Pre-treatment surveys catalogued fish and aquatic insect communities, distributions of native and introduced fishes, and aquatic habitat. Near-term, post-treatment evaluations documented the effects of rotenone treatment on the aquatic fauna. Long-term, post-treatment assessments gauged development of sport fisheries for introduced rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and followed the status of native fishes and aquatic insect fauna. Fisheries biologists planned the project because the two dams would alter the river system to the disadvantage of native, big-river fish such as razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) and Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheiius lucius). Further, nuisance species, such as common carp introduced in the Green River system in the late nineteenth century, would benefit from the new lentic habitats. After-project work showed that rotenone treatment depressed nuisance nonnative fishes and that none of the native big-river fish populations were eliminated. Post-treatment studies showed that native fish populations were far more impacted by impoundment than by the rotenone treatment. Careful pre-treatment planning and well-handled application of rotenone accomplished project objectives without eliminating native fishes.
Autocidal Technology for the Control of Invasive Fish
Authors: Thresher Ronald E. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Recombinant genetic technology offers considerable potential for the safe, cost-effective control of invasive fish. This article reviews the range of genetic approaches suggested for controlling invasive species, and considers their practicality, likely efficacy, and the risks they entail. Implementation of any genetic method to control invasive fish will be heavily influenced by an as yet unknown level of public acceptability and a regulatory and policy framework for managing environmental applications of genetic technology that is confused at almost all jurisdictional levels.
Obesity Prevention and Diabetes Screening at Local Health Departments
Authors: Zhang Xinzhi , Luo Huabin , Gregg Edward W. , Mukhtar Qaiser , Rivera Mark , Barker Lawrence , Albright Ann 
Published: June 2010

Objectives. We assessed whether local health departments (LHDs) were conducting obesity prevention programs and diabetes screening programs, and we examined associations between LHD characteristics and whether they conducted these programs. Methods. We used the 2005 National Profile of Local Health Departments to conduct a cross-sectional analysis of 2300 LHDs nationwide. We used multivariate logistic regressions to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results. Approximately 56% of LHDs had obesity prevention programs, 51% had diabetes screening programs, and 34% had both. After controlling for other factors, we found that employing health educators was significantly associated with LHDs conducting obesity prevention programs (OR = 2.08; 95% CI = 1.54, 2.81) and diabetes screening programs (OR = 1.63; 95% CI = 1.23, 2.17). We also found that conducting chronic disease surveillance was significantly associated with LHDs conducting obesity prevention programs (OR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.26, 2.20) and diabetes screening programs (OR = 2.44; 95% CI = 1.90, 3.15). LHDs with a higher burden of diabetes prevalence were more likely to conduct diabetes screening programs (OR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.11, 1.31) but not obesity prevention programs. Conclusions. The presence of obesity prevention and diabetes screening programs was significantly associated with LHD structural capacity and general performance. However, the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of both types of programs remain unknown.
The Impact of Quitting Smoking on Weight Among Women Prisoners Participating in a Smoking Cessation Intervention
Authors: Cropsey Karen L. , McClure Leslie A. , Jackson Dorothy O. , Villalobos Gabrielle C. , Weaver Michael F. , Stitzer Maxine L. 
Published: June 2010

Objectives. We examined the impact of smoking cessation on weight change in a population of women prisoners. Methods. Women prisoners (n = 360) enrolled in a smoking cessation intervention; 250 received a 10-week group intervention plus transdermal nicotine replacement. Results. Women who quit smoking had significant weight gain at 3- and 6-month follow-ups, with a net difference of 10 pounds between smokers and abstainers at 6 months. By the 12-month follow-up, weight gain decreased among abstainers. Conclusions. We are the first, to our knowledge, to demonstrate weight gain associated with smoking cessation among women prisoners. Smoking cessation interventions that address postcessation weight gain as a preventative measure may be beneficial in improving health and reducing the high prevalence of smoking in prisoner populations.
Diagnosis Blog: Checking Up on Health Blogs in the Blogosphere
Authors: Miller Edward Alan , Pole Antoinette 
Published: June 2010

Objectives. We analyzed the content and characteristics of influential health blogs and bloggers to provide a more thorough understanding of the health blogosphere than was previously available. Methods. We identified, through a purposive–snowball approach, 951 health blogs in 2007 and 2008. All blogs were US focused and updated regularly. We described their features, topics, perspectives, and blogger demographics. Results. Approximately half of the bloggers in our sample were employed in the health field. A majority were female, aged in their 30s, and highly educated. Two thirds posted at least weekly; one quarter accepted advertisements. Most blogs were established after 2004. They typically focused on bloggers' experiences with 1 disease or condition or on the personal experiences of health professionals. Half were written from a professional perspective, one third from a patient–consumer perspective, and a few from the perspective of an unpaid caregiver. Conclusions. Data collected from health blogs could be aggregated for large-scale empirical investigations. Future research should assess the quality of the information posted and identify what blog features and elements best reflect adherence to prevailing norms of conduct.
Point-of-Purchase Price and Education Intervention to Reduce Consumption of Sugary Soft Drinks
Authors: Block Jason P. , Chandra Amitabh , McManus Katherine D. , Willett Walter C. 
Published: June 2010

Objectives. We investigated whether a price increase on regular (sugary) soft drinks and an educational intervention would reduce their sales. Methods. We implemented a 5-phase intervention at the Brigham and Women's Hospital cafeteria in Boston, Massachusetts. After posting existing prices of regular and diet soft drinks and water during baseline, we imposed several interventions in series: a price increase of 35% on regular soft drinks, a reversion to baseline prices (washout), an educational campaign, and a combination price and educational period. We collected data from a comparison site, Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, also in Boston, for the final 3 phases. Results. Sales of regular soft drinks declined by 26% during the price increase phase. This reduction in sales persisted throughout the study period, with an additional decline of 18% during the combination phase compared with the washout period. Education had no independent effect on sales. Analysis of the comparison site showed no change in regular soft drink sales during the study period. Conclusions. A price increase may be an effective policy mechanism to decrease sales of regular soda. Further multisite studies in varied populations are warranted to confirm these results.
Changes in Emergency Department Access Between 2001 and 2005 Among General and Vulnerable Populations
Authors: Shen Yu-Chu , Hsia Renee Y. 
Published: June 2010

Objectives. We analyzed how ease of geographic access to emergency departments (EDs), defined as driving time to the closest ED, changed between 2001 and 2005, and whether access deterioration was more likely to occur in vulnerable communities. Methods. We classified communities on the basis of American Hospital Association and Census data into 3 categories according to driving time to the nearest ED: no increase, less than a 10-minute increase, and a 10-minute or more increase. We estimated a multinomial logit model to examine the relative risk ratio (RRR) of various community characteristics. Results. More than 95% of communities experienced no ED access deterioration. However, 11.4 million people experienced increased driving time to their nearest ED. Low-income communities had a higher risk of facing deteriorating access compared with high-income communities (urban: RRR = 3.67; P < .01; rural: RRR = 1.75; P < .10), and communities with higher shares of Hispanics also had higher risks of facing declines (urban: RRR = 3.41; P < .10; rural: RRR = 2.67; P < .01). Conclusions. Deteriorating access to EDs is more likely to occur in communities with economic hardship and high shares of Hispanic populations. The uneven access to critical services warrants increased attention from policymaking bodies.