bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
End‐on‐Stickstoffinsertion einer Diazoverbindung in eine GeII‐H‐Bindung und eine vergleichbare Reaktion mit Azodicarbonsäurediethylester
Authors: Jana Anukul , Sen Sakya S. , Roesky Herbert W. , Schulzke Carola , Dutta Sudipta , Pati Swapan K. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractEnd‐on gebundenes Stickstoffatom: Das Germanium(II)‐hydrid [LGeH] mit L=[HC{(CMe)(2,6‐iPr2C6H3N)}2] reagiert mit einem Diazoalkan zum Hydrazonderivat (siehe Molekülstruktur). Die Reaktion resultiert aus einer zuvor unbekannten End‐on‐Insertion der Diazoverbindung.magnified image
Nomenklatur der Rotaxane und Pseudorotaxane
Authors: Schomburg Ida 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWo genau sich welche Ringe auf der/den Achsenkomponenten eines Rotaxans befinden, kann mit der hier vorgestellten Nomenklatur eindeutig angegeben werden. Der generische Name von Rotaxanen wie den hier gezeigten (E=Endgruppe) lautet (Präfix)‐[v]{[w][Name(n) der Achsenkomponente(n)]‐rotaxa‐[x][Name(n) der makrocyclischen Komponente(n)]}.magnified imageDieser Text bietet ausführliche Definitionen von Rotaxanen, Pseudorotaxanen, ihren Komponenten und anderen sie betreffenden Begriffen. Einheitliche Prinzipien zur Klassifizierung und Benennung der Rotaxan‐ und Pseudorotaxantypen werden beschrieben und mit Beispielen illustriert. Des Weiteren werden Empfehlungen für eine eindeutige Benennung von Rotaxanisomeren mit speziellen Deskriptoren gegeben, die Informationen zu den Positionen der Rotaxankomponenten enthalten.
Titelbild: Photoprogrammable Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes (Angew. Chem. 22/2009)
Authors: Zacharias Philipp , Gather Malte C. , Köhnen Anne , Rehmann Nina , Meerholz Klaus 
Published: May 2009

AbstractProgrammierbare organische Leuchtdioden: Ein Oxetan‐funktionalisiertes Dithienylethen wird durch UV‐Bestrahlung von der farblosen offenen Form in eine dunkelblaue geschlossene Form umgewandelt, während sichtbares Licht die Reaktion wieder umkehrt. Basierend auf diesem Prinzip entwickelten K. Meerholz et al. eine reversibel schaltbare organische Leuchtdiode, die in der Zuschrift auf S. 4098 ff. vorgestellt wird.magnified image
Inside Cover: Switching the Chirality of Single Adsorbate Complexes (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 22/2009)
Authors: Parschau Manfred , Passerone Daniele , Rieder Karl‐Heinz , Hug Hans J. , Ernst Karl‐Heinz 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWrong handedness? No problem! K.‐H. Ernst et al. describe in their Communication on page 4065 ff. how the chirality of single adsorbates can be switched into the opposite enantiomeric state. By using inelastically tunneling electrons from the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope in an ultra‐high vacuum, certain molecular vibrations are excited that, in turn, cause different actions such as hopping, rotation, and chirality conversion at the surface.magnified image
Pervaporation membranes from natural rubber latex grafted with poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (NR‐g‐PHEMA) for the separation of water–acetone mixtures
Authors: Amnuaypanich Sittipong , Ratpolsan Pikul 
Published: May 2009

AbstractNR‐graft‐PHEMA latexes were synthesized by the use of graft emulsion polymerization. By increasing the HEMA monomer concentration, we found that the grafting percentage (GP) also increased. In addition, GP increased significantly at low initiator concentrations before it leveled off at moderate concentrations, and a slight decrease was observed at high initiator concentrations. NR‐g‐PHEMA latexes were prepared as pervaporation membranes for the separation of water–acetone mixtures. From the equilibrium swelling, the nonideal behavior of membrane swelling in water–acetone mixtures was found such that there appeared the maximum swelling degree at a certain concentration of liquid mixtures. Moreover, the water concentration at maximum swelling shifted to high water concentration with increasing amount of graft‐PHEMA. The sorption study suggested the preferential sorption of water on the membranes. Also, the sorption isotherms implied that there was a coupling between water and acetone molecules. Pervaporation separation of water–acetone mixtures was studied with NR‐g‐PHEMA membranes. As the feed water concentration increased, the partial water fluxes increased in contrast to the partial fluxes of acetone. From the permeation ratio, θw, the strong coupling of acetone on the water transport was observed, particularly for the membrane with high graft‐PHEMA under acetone‐rich conditions. As the feed temperature increased, the total permeation across the membranes was enhanced. The partial fluxes of water and acetone as a function of temperature followed the Arrhenius relationship by which the activation energies for permeation were estimated as 3.53 kJ/mol for water and 21.95 kJ/mol for acetone. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
A Lorentz model for weak magnetic field bioeffects: Part II—Secondary transduction mechanisms and measures of reactivity
Authors: Muehsam David J. , Pilla Arthur A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn Part I it was shown that the thermal component of the motion of a charged particle in an oscillator potential, that is, within a molecular binding site, rotates at the Larmor frequency in an applied magnetic field. It was also shown that the Larmor angular frequency is independent of the thermal noise strength and thus offers a mechanism for the biological detection of weak (µT‐range) magnetic fields. Part II addresses the question of how the Larmor trajectory could affect biological reactivity. The projection of the motion onto a Cartesian axis measures the nonuniformity of the Larmor trajectory in AC and combined AC/DC magnetic fields, suggesting a means of assessing resonances. A physically meaningful measure of reactivity based upon the classical oscillator trajectory is suggested, and the problem of initial conditions is addressed through averaging over AC phases. AC resonance frequencies occur at the Larmor frequency and at other frequencies, and are dependent upon the ratio of AC/DC amplitudes and target kinetics via binding lifetime. The model is compared with experimental data reported for a test of the ion parametric resonance (IPR) model on data from Ca2+ flux in membrane vesicles, neurite outgrowth from PC‐12 cells and a cell‐free calmodulin‐dependent myosin phosphorylation system, and suggests Mg2+ is the target for these systems. The results do not require multiple‐ion targets, selection of isotopes, or additional curve fitting. The sole fitting parameter is the binding lifetime of the target system and the results shown are consistent with the literature on binding kinetics. Bioelectromagnetics 30:476–488, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photoluminescence properties of a novel phosphor CaB2O4:Eu3+ under NUV excitation
Authors: Huang Junli , Zhou Liya , Pang Qi , Gong Fuzhong , Sun Jianhua , Wang Wei 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe new borate phosphor CaB2O4:Eu3+ was synthesized by solid‐state method and their photoluminescence properties were investigated. The results show that the pure phase of CaB2O4 could be available at 900°C, CaB2O4:Eu3+ phosphor could be effectively excited by the near ultraviolet light (NUV) (392 nm), and the luminescent intensity of CaB2O4:Eu3+ phosphor reached to the highest when the doped‐Eu3+ content was 4 mol%. The emission spectra of CaB2O4:Eu3+ phosphor could exhibit red emission at 612 nm and orange emission at 588 nm, which are ascribed to the 5D0–7F2 and 5D0–7F1 transitions of Eu3+ ions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A New Approach for Reversible RNA Photocrosslinking Reaction: Application to Sequence‐Specific RNA Selection
Authors: Yoshimura Yoshinaga , Ohtake Tomoko , Okada Hajime , Fujimoto Kenzo 
Published: May 2009

AbstractOn and off in a flash: We describe a novel, ultrafast, reversible, interstrand RNA photocrosslinking reaction via 3‐cyanovinylcarbazole nucleoside. The interstrand RNA‐photocrosslinking reaction showed a high degree of sequence specificity and can be used in the selection of a target RNA sequence.magnified image
Electronic Structure and Bonding in Neutral and Dianionic Boradiphospholes: R′BC2P2R2 (R=H, tBu, R′=H, Ph)
Authors: Usharani Dandamudi , Poduska Anne , Nixon John F. , Jemmis Eluvathingal D. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractClassical and non‐classical isomers of both neutral and dianionic BC2P2H3 species, which are isolobal to Cp+ and Cp−, are studied at both B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) and G3B3 levels of theory. The global minimum structure given by B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) for BC2P2H3 is based on a vinylcyclopropenyl‐type structure, whereas BC2P2H32− has a planar aromatic cyclopentadienyl‐ion‐like structure. However, at the G3B3 level, there are three low‐energy isomers for BC2P2H3: 1) tricyclopentane, 2) nido and 3) vinylcyclopropenyl‐type structures, all within 1.7 kcal mol−1 of each other. On the contrary, for the dianionic species the cyclic planar structure is still the minimum. In comparison to the isolobal Cp+ and HnCnP5−n+ isomers, BC2P2H3 shows a competition between π‐delocalised vinylcyclopropenyl‐ and cluster‐type structures (nido and tricyclopentane). Substitution of H on C by tBu, and H on B by Ph, in BC2P2H3 increases the energy difference between the low‐lying isomers, giving the lowest energy structure as a tricyclopentane type. Similar substitution in BC2P2H32− merely favours different positional isomers of the cyclic planar geometry, as observed in 1) isoelectronic neutral heterodiphospholes EtBu2C2P2 (E=S, Se, Te), 2) monoanionic heterophospholyl rings EtBu2C2P2 (E=P−, As−, Sb−) and 3) polyphospholyl rings anions tBu5−nCnP5−n (n=0–5). The principal factors that affect the stability of three‐, four‐, and five‐membered ring and acyclic geometrical and positional isomers of neutral and dianionic BC2P2H3 isomers appear to be: 1) relative bond strengths, 2) availability of electrons for the empty 2p boron orbital and 3) steric effects of the tBu groups in the HBC2P2tBu2 systems.
Intermediate filaments in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Carberry Katrin , Wiesenfahrt Tobias , Windoffer Reinhard , Bossinger Olaf , Leube Rudolf E. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIntermediate filaments (IFs) make up one of the three major fibrous cytoskeletal systems in metazoans. Numerous IF polypeptides are synthesized in cell type‐specific combinations suggesting specialized functions. The review concentrates on IFs in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans which carries great promise to elucidate the still unresolved mechanisms of IF assembly into complex networks and to determine IF function in a living organism. In contrast to Drosophila melanogaster, which lacks cytoplasmic IFs altogether, the nematode genome contains 11 genes coding for cytoplasmic IFs and only a single gene for a nuclear lamin. Its cytoplasmic IFs are expressed in developmentally and spatially defined patterns. As an example we present the case of the intestinal IFs which are abundant in the mechanically resilient endotube, a prominent feature of the C. elegans intestinal terminal web region. This IF‐rich structure brings together all three cytoskeletal filaments that are integrated into a coherent entity by the C. elegans apical junction (CeAJ) thereby completely surrounding and stabilizing the intestinal lumen with its characteristic brush border. Concepts on the developmental establishment of the endotube in relation to polarization and its function for maintenance of epithelial integrity are discussed. Furthermore, possible connections of the cytoplasmic cytoskeleton to the nuclear lamin IFs and the importance of these links for nuclear positioning are summarized. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Helicobacter pylori activates protein kinase C delta to control Raf in MAP kinase signalling: Role in AGS epithelial cell scattering and elongation
Authors: Brandt Sabine , Wessler Silja , Hartig Roland , Backert Steffen 
Published: May 2009

AbstractHelicobacter pylori is a major etiological agent in the development of chronic gastritis, duodenal ulcer and gastric carcinoma in humans. Virulent H. pylori strains harbor a type IV secretion system (T4SS) encoded by the cag pathogenicity island. This T4SS injects the CagA protein into gastric epithelial cells leading to actin‐cytoskeletal rearrangements followed by cell elongation and scattering. Here we report that PMA (4β‐phorbol‐12‐myristate‐13‐acetate), a well‐known cell‐permeable activator of protein kinase C (PKC), induces a remarkably similar cellular phenotype as compared to infection with H. pylori. PKCs comprise a large family of serine/threonine kinases which are important for multiple physiological processes of host cells. We therefore investigated the role of individual PKC members and the signalling pathways involved in phenotypical outcome. Using isoform‐specific silencing RNAs and pharmacological inhibitors we found that two isoforms, PKC‐α and PKC‐δ, were essential for both PMA‐ and H. pylori‐induced elongation phenotype. Furthermore, we provide evidence that PKC‐δ activity is profoundly stimulated during the course of infection using activation‐specific antibodies against PKC phosphorylated at threonine residue 505 or serine residue 660. Infection with H. pylori wild‐type and mutants showed that at least two bacterial factors activate PKC‐δ in a time‐dependent manner, one of which is CagA. Immunofluorescence microscopy studies further demonstrated that phosphorylated PKC‐δ is accumulated and recruited to dynamic actin‐structures at the cell membrane. Finally, we show that PKC‐δ specifically targets Raf kinase to stimulate the Erk1/2 kinase pathway, which is also crucial for phenotypical outcome. Thus, PKC‐δ is another important mediator of H. pylori‐induced pathogenesis. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sustainable Chemical Manufacturing: A Matter of Resources, Wastes, Hazards, and Costs.
Authors: Lange Jean‐Paul 
Published: May 2009

AbstractChemical processes can be made more sustainable by minimizing their consumption of natural resources, the impact of wastes, their hazards, and their costs. These four basic dimensions are discussed and applied to three chemical processes that Shell applies commercially and has improved over several decades.magnified imageSustainable development is gaining importance in the chemical industry. It encompasses social, environmental, and economical aspects. Herein, sustainable development is translated into four basic dimensions, called “sustainability stresses”: resources, wastes, hazards, and costs. These sustainability stresses are discussed in some detail and their usefulness is illustrated by applying them to three manufacturing processes applied commercially by Shell, namely Shell’s OMEGA, SMPO, and “low monol” technologies for producing ethene diol, styrene/propene oxide, and polyether polyols, respectively. These examples show that large reductions in sustainable stresses have been achieved in a few decades. They also show that the economical, environmental, and social issues are not in conflict when tackled at their roots: they can be all addressed simultaneously.
Flow cytometric analysis of reticulocyte maturation after erythropoietin administration in rats
Authors: Wiczling Pawel , Ait‐Oudhia Sihem , Krzyzanski Wojciech 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe have proposed a technique for transforming reticulocyte (RET) flow cytometry count into the age distribution allowing for a quantitative characterization of RETs dynamics. This technique was evaluated in homeostatic and erythropoietically stimulated rats. We administered a single intravenous dose (4,050 IU/kg) of recombinant human erythropoietin to Wistar rats, then stained their RETs with thiazole orange, and measured the distribution of the fluorescent signal using flow cytometry. The RET age distribution was determined assuming an exponential decline of RET RNA. The RET distribution over time was characterized by median age, production rate of mature red blood cell in the blood, bone marrow and blood maturation times, and RET loss from the blood. Erythropoietin was found to cause complex changes not only in RET count but also in age distribution. Generally, an increase in RET count was accompanied by the presence of young RETs and a decrease with the presence of old RETs. The rate at which RETs were removed from the blood was affected considerably by erythropoietin administration, and their death was attributed to it. Flow cytometric analysis of RET age distribution expands our understanding of erythropoiesis and augments the information we can obtain from RET measurements. © 2009 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Bayesian methods in cost–effectiveness studies: objectivity, computation and other relevant aspects
Authors: Armero C. , García‐Donato G. , López‐Quílez A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn a probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) of a cost–effectiveness (CE) study, the unknown parameters are considered as random variables. A crucial question is what probabilistic distribution is suitable for synthesizing the available information (mainly data from clinical trials) about these parameters. In this context, the important role of Bayesian methodology has been recognized, where the parameters are of a random nature. We explore, in the context of CE analyses, how formal objective Bayesian methods can be implemented. We fully illustrate the methodology using two CE problems that frequently appear in the CE literature. The results are compared with those obtained with other popular approaches to PSA. We find that the discrepancies can be quite marked, specially when the number of patients enrolled in the simulated cohort under study is large. Finally, we describe in detail the numerical methods that need to be used to obtain the results. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatially localized hippocampal shape analysis in late‐life cognitive decline
Authors: Xie Jing , Alcantara Dan , Amenta Nina , Fletcher Evan , Martinez Oliver , Persianinova Maria , DeCarli Charles , Carmichael Owen 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe present a method for generating data‐driven, concise, and spatially localized parameterizations of hippocampal (HP) shape, and use the method to analyze HP atrophy in late‐life cognitive decline. The method optimizes a set of shape basis vectors (shape components) that strike a balance between spatial locality and compact representation of population shape characteristics. The method can be used for exploratory analysis of localized shape deformations in any population of HP on which point‐to‐point correspondence mappings have been established via anatomical landmarking or high‐dimensional warping. Experiments combine the method with an automated HP to HP mapping method to analyze tracings of 101 elderly subjects with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) from an AD Center population. Results suggest that shape components corresponding to atrophy to the CA1 and subiculum HP fields—where early AD pathology is located—correlate strongly with robust measures of the cognitive dysfunction that is typical of early AD. Furthermore, the energy function minimized by the shape component optimization technique is shown to be smooth with few local minima, suggesting that the method may be relatively easy to apply in practice. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of exercise training on hippocampus concentrations of insulin and IGF‐1 in diabetic rats
Authors: Gomes Ricardo José , de Oliveira Camila Aparecida Machado , Ribeiro Carla , Mota Clécia Soares de Alencar , Moura Leandro Pereira , Tognoli Lilian Mari Marcondes Cesar , Leme José Alexandre Curiacos de Almeida , Luciano Eliete , de Mello Maria Alice Rostom 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe present study investigated the role of swimming training on cerebral metabolism and hippocampus concentrations of insulin and IGF‐1 in diabetic rats. Wistar rats were divided in sedentary control (SC), trained control (TC), sedentary diabetic (SD), and trained diabetic (TD). Diabetes was induced by Alloxan (35 mg kg−1b.w.). Training program consisted in swimming 5 days/week, 1 h/day, 8 weeks, supporting a load corresponding to 90% of maximal lactate steady state (MLSS). For MLSS determination, rats were submitted to three sessions of 25‐min supporting loads of 4, 5, or 6% of body wt, with intervals of 1 week. Blood samples were collected every 5 min for lactate determination. An acute exercise test (25 min to 90% of MLSS) was done in 7th week to confirm the efficacy of training. All dependent variables were analyzed by one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a significance level ofP< 0.05 was used for all comparisons. The Bonferroni test was used for post hoc comparisons. At the end of the training period, rats were sacrificed and sample blood was collected for determinations of serum glucose, insulin, GH, and IGF‐1. Samples of gastrocnemius muscle and liver were removed to evaluate glycogen content. Hippocampus was extracted to determinate glycogen, insulin, and IGF‐1 contents. Diabetes decreased serum GH, IGF‐1, and liver glycogen stores in SD. Diabetes also increased hippocampus glycogen and reduced hippocampus IGF‐1 content. Physical training recovered liver and hippocampus glycogen stores and promoted increases in serum IGF‐1 in TD group. Physical training restored hippocampus IGF‐1 content in diabetic group. It was concluded that in diabetic rats, physical training induces important metabolic and hormonal alterations that areassociated with an improvement in glucose homeostasis and with an increased activity in the systemic and hippocampus IGF‐1 peptide. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes in Nearshore Zooplankton Associated with Species Invasions and Potential Effects on Larval Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis)
Authors: Fernandez Randolph J. , Rennie Michael D. , Sprules W. Gary 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe examined changes in the nearshore zooplankton community of South Bay, Lake Huron before (1982) and after (2002–2005) the invasions of dreissenid mussels and Bythotrephes longimanus and found substantial changes including lower cladoceran abundance, particularly Bosminidae, and higher copepod abundance after invasion. We also estimated changes in the energy content of zooplankton potentially available to larval lake whitefish before and after invasion using published values of energy content per unit mass. There were no differences in available zooplankton energy in May, the period when larvae feed inshore based on thermal preferences and surface temperature data. We conclude that changes in nearshore zooplankton communities following these species invasions probably do not affect larval lake whitefish. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Degradable metallic biomaterials: Design and development of Fe–Mn alloys for stents
Authors: Hermawan Hendra , Dubé Dominique , Mantovani Diego 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDesigning materials having suitable mechanical properties and targeted degradation behavior is the key for the development of biodegradable materials for medical applications, including stents. A series of Fe–Mn alloys was developed with the objective to obtain mechanical properties similar to those of stainless steel 316L and degradation behavior more suited than pure iron. Four alloys with Mn content ranging between 20 and 35 wt % were compared in this study. Their microstructure, mechanical properties, magnetic properties as well as degradation behavior were carefully investigated. Results show that their microstructure is mainly composed of γ phase with the appearance of ϵ phase in alloys having a lower Mn content. The yield strength and elongation of alloys was comprised between 234 MPa and 32% for Fe‐35%Mn alloy to 421 MPa and 7.5% for the Fe‐20%Mn alloy. All alloys show similar magnetic susceptibility (∼1.8 × 10−7 m3/kg) in the quenched condition. This magnetic susceptibility remains constant after plastic deformation for all the tested alloys except for the Fe‐20%Mn alloy. The corrosion rate was higher than pure iron. Among the alloys studied in this work, the Fe‐35%Mn alloy shows mechanical properties and degradation behavior closely approaching those required for biodegradable stents application. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2010