bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Betriebserfahrungen mit thermoaktiven Bauteilsystemen
Authors: Kalz Doreen , Pfafferott Jens , Koenigsdorff Roland 
Published: April 2012

AbstractGebäude, die mit thermoaktiven Bauteilsystemen (TABS) in Verbindung mit der Nutzung von Umweltenergie gekühlt und ggf. beheizt werden, haben sich in den letzten Jahren etabliert. Viele erfolgreiche und gut funktionierende Beispiele belegen, dass mit diesen Systemen ein hohes Maß an thermischer Behaglichkeit in Verbindung mit einer hohen Energieeffizienz bei Nutzung von erneuerbarer Umweltenergie (v. a. oberflächennaher Geothermie) erreicht werden kann. Jedoch zeigen die Betriebserfahrungen und die systematische wissenschaftliche Auswertung einer ganzen Reihe von Projekten, dass es in Planung, Ausführung und Betrieb noch Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten in Richtung einer besseren Ausschöpfung des Effizienzpotentials gibt. Im Folgenden werden Praxiserfahrungen und Betriebsauswertungen einer Reihe von Nichtwohngebäuden mit thermoaktiven Bauteilsystemen hinsichtlich des ther‐ mischen Raumkomforts und der Energieeffizienz vorgestellt und Erfolgsfaktoren sowie Anforderungen an die Systeme aufgezeigt.Operating experience with Thermo‐Active Building Systems (TABS). Buildings that are cooled and, if applicable, heated by thermo‐active building systems (TABS) in combination with environmental energy have been established in the market during the last years. Many successful and efficient examples prove, that these systems can achieve a good thermal room comfort with a high energy efficiency of the plant system using environmental energy (mainly surface‐near geothermal energy). However, operating experience and a systematic evaluation of several building projects demonstrate that there is potential improvement in the design, implementation, and operation of TABS systems. The article presents operating experience and a detailed evaluation of the operation performance of several non‐residential buildings with thermo‐active building systems with respect to thermal comfort and energy efficiency.
Determination of the anti‐viral drug Ribavirin in dosage forms via micelle‐enhanced spectrofluorimetric method
Authors: Alarfaj Nawal A. , El‐Tohamy Maha F. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTA simple and sensitive spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the determination of Ribavirin in pharmaceutical formulations. The proposed method was based on the fluorescence spectral behaviour of Ribavirin in a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micellar system. In an aqueous acetate buffer solution of pH 4.0, the fluorescence intensity of Ribavirin was significantly enhanced by about 217% in the presence of SDS. Fluorescence intensity was measured at 396 nm after excitation at 270 nm for Ribavirin. The fluorescence‐concentration plot was rectilinear over the range of 0.01‐3.0 µg/mL for Ribavirin with a lower detection limit of 5.02 x 10‐3 µg/mL. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of the drug in its commercial capsules. Results were in good agreement with those obtained with the official method. The application of the proposed method was extended to stability studies of Ribavirin after exposure to different forced degradation conditions such as acidic, alkaline, photo and oxidative conditions according to ICH guidelines. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid on-site evaluation of axillary fine-needle aspiration cytology in breast cancer
Authors: O'Leary D P , O'Brien O , Relihan N , McCarthy J , Ryan M , Barry J , Kelly L M , Redmond H P 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Background
Axillary ultrasonography (AUS) and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) can establish axillary lymph node status before surgery, although this technique is hampered by poor adequacy rates. To achieve consistently high rates of FNAC adequacy, rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) of FNAC samples was introduced.

Methods
This single-centre, retrospective observational study of patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer undergoing preoperative AUS and FNAC between February 2008 and November 2010 examined the effect of the introduction of ROSE.

Results
A total of 381 patients were included. AUS revealed 152 axillae with suspicious radiological features. FNAC was positive for malignant cells in 75 (49·3 per cent) of 152 samples. Sentinel lymph node mapping was avoided in 75 patients, representing 19·7 per cent of the entire study population. Adequacy rates increased from 78 per cent to 96 per cent following the introduction of ROSE (P = 0·001). The overall sensitivity and specificity of AUS and FNAC was 80·6 and 100 per cent respectively. A lymph node diameter equal to or larger than 10 mm and extranodal extension were significantly associated with positive FNAC (P &lt; 0·001 and P = 0·012 respectively). Maximum lymph node diameter of at least 10 mm was an independent predictor of positive FNAC (odds ratio 11·2, 95 per cent confidence interval 3·32 to 37·76; P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
AUS with FNAC provided accurate preoperative staging of the axilla for metastatic breast disease and avoided unnecessary sentinel lymph node mapping. The introduction of ROSE ensured the efficiency of AUS and FNAC.
Safety and efficacy of everolimus‐eluting stents versus paclitaxel‐eluting stents in a diabetic population
Authors: Laynez Ana , Sardi Gabriel , Hauville Camille , Barbash Israel M. , Pakala Rajbabu , Torguson Rebecca , Xue Zhenyi , Satler Lowell F. , Pichard Augusto D. , Waksman Ron 
Published: April 2012

ObjectivesThis study aimed to analyze the use of everolimus‐eluting stents (EES) and paclitaxel‐eluting stents (PES) in an unrestricted diabetic population and to compare the performance of these two drug‐eluting stents.BackgroundEES have demonstrated superiority in efficacy when compared to PES in a general population. However, it is controversial whether this superiority holds true in a diabetic population.MethodsFrom March 2004 to May 2010, 968 patients with consecutive diabetes who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention and implantation of an EES (n = 388) or PES (n = 580) at our institution. In‐hospital, 1‐month, 6‐month, and 1‐year clinical outcomes were analyzed and compared. Correlates of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were identified.ResultsBaseline clinical characteristics were similar between stent types except for more family history of coronary artery disease in the PES group and more insulin‐dependent diabetes and unstable angina at initial diagnosis in the EES group. The PES group had higher number of lesions treated, longer stents used, and a higher proportion of intravascular ultrasound and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor use. The EES group had more type C and distal lesions. There was higher target lesion revascularization (TLR)‐MACE in the PES group (3.3% vs. 1.0%, P = 0.03) as well as a higher rate of stent thrombosis (ST) (8 patients vs. 0 in the EES group, P = 0.03). ST continued to be higher in the PES group at 6 and 12 months and mortality was higher at 12 months in the PES group (9.4% vs. 5.2%, P = 0.02). After adjustment, no significant differences were found between stent types on Cox regression analysis for hazard ratios at 1‐year follow‐up of TLR‐MACE.ConclusionsIn a diabetic population undergoing PCI, the use of an EES compared to PES was associated with lower rates of stent thrombosis; but after adjustment the composite TLR‐MACE at 1 year was similar between both stents. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis, Structure, Spectroscopic, and Electrochemical Properties of Highly Fluorescent Phosphorus(V)–meso‐Triarylcorroles
Authors: Ghosh Avijit , Ravikanth Mangalampalli 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe synthesis, spectroscopic, and electrochemical properties of seven new PV–meso‐triarylcorroles (1–7) are reported. Compounds 1–7 were prepared by heating the corresponding free‐base corroles with POCl3 at reflux in pyridine. Hexacoordinate PV complexes of meso‐triarylcorroles were isolated that contained two axial hydroxy groups, unlike the PV complex of 8,12‐diethyl‐2,3,7,13,17,18‐hexamethylcorrole, which was pentacoordinate, or the PV complex of meso‐tetraphenylporphyrin, which was hexacoordinate with two axial chloro groups. 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy in CDCl3 indicated that the hexacoordinated PV–meso‐triarylcorroles were prone to axial‐ligand dissociation to form pentacoordinated PV–meso‐triarylcorroles. However, in the presence of strongly coordinating solvents, such as CH3OH, THF, and DMSO, the PV–meso‐triarylcorroles preferred to exist in a hexacoordinated geometry in which the corresponding solvent molecules acted as axial ligands. X‐ray diffraction of two complexes confirmed the hexacoordination environment for PV–meso‐triarylcorroles. Their absorption spectra in two coordinating solvents revealed that PV–meso‐triarylcorroles showed a strong band at about 600 nm together with other bands, in contrast to PV–porphyrins, which showed weak bands in the visible region. These compounds were easier to oxidize and more difficult to reduce compared to PV–porphyrins. These compounds were brightly fluorescent, unlike the weakly fluorescent PV–porphyrins, and the quantum yields for selected PV–corroles were as high as AlIII and GaIII corroles, which are the best known fluorescent compounds among oligopyrrolic macrocycles.
Convergent Synthesis of Near‐Infrared Absorbing, “Push–Pull”, Bisthiophene‐Substituted, Zinc(II) Phthalocyanines and their Application in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Ince Mine , Cardinali François , Yum Jun‐Ho , Martínez‐Díaz M. Victoria , Nazeeruddin Mohammad K. , Grätzel Michael , Torres Tomás 
Published: April 2012

AbstractZinc(II) phthalocyanine dyes that contain triarylamine‐terminated bisthiophene and hexylbisthiophene groups have been synthesized by a convergent approach by using carboxytriiodo–ZnPc as a precursor. Further transformation of the iodo groups by a Pd‐catalyzed reaction allowed easy preparation of further extended π‐conjugated carboxy–ZnPcs. These dyes have been used as sensitizers in dye‐sensitized solar cells, which exhibit a panchromatic response and moderate overall efficiencies.
Energy Estimates and Cavity Interaction for a Critical‐Exponent Cavitation Model
Authors: Henao Duvan , Serfaty Sylvia 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe consider the minimization of$\int_{\Omega _\varepsilon } {|D{\bf u}|^p } d{\bf x}$in a perforated domain$\Omega _\varepsilon : = \Omega \backslash \cup _{i = 1}^M B_\varepsilon ({\bf a}_i )$of$\font\open=msbm10 at 10pt\def\R{\hbox{\open R}}\R^n$among maps$\font\open=msbm10 at 10pt\def\R{\hbox{\open R}}{\bf u} \in W^{1,p} (\Omega _\varepsilon ,\R^n )$that are incompressible (det$D{\bf u} \equiv 1$) and invertible, and satisfy a Dirichlet boundary conditionu=gon ∂Ω. If the volume enclosed byg(∂Ω) is greater than |Ω|, any such deformationuis forced to map the small holesBε(ai) onto macroscopically visible cavities (which do not disappear as ε → 0). We restrict our attention to the critical exponentp=n, where the energy required for cavitation is of the order of$\sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^M {v_i |\log \varepsilon |}$and the model is suited, therefore, for an asymptotic analysis (v1,…,vMdenote the volumes of the cavities). In the spirit of the analysis of vortices in Ginzburg‐Landau theory, we obtain estimates for the “renormalized” energyshowing its dependence on the size and the shape of the cavities, on the initial distance between the cavitation pointsa1,…,aM, and on the distance from these points to the outer boundary ∂Ω. Based on those estimates we conclude, for the case of two cavities, that either the cavities prefer to be spherical in shape and well separated, or to be very close to each other and appear as a single equivalent round cavity. This is in agreement with existing numerical simulations and is reminiscent of the interaction between cavities in the mechanism of ductile fracture by void growth and coalescence. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A microinjection protocol for the generation of transgenic killifish (Species: Nothobranchius furzeri)
Authors: Hartmann Nils , Englert Christoph 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground: A challenge in age research is the absence of short‐lived vertebrate model organisms. The turquoise killifish Nothobranchius furzeri has an exceptionally short lifespan of 4–10 months depending on the strain. Thus, it possesses the shortest known maximum lifespan of a vertebrate species that can be bred in captivity. Results: Here we show the successful introduction of DNA and RNA molecules into the one‐cell embryo of N. furzeri. For this purpose, we adapted existing microinjection protocols to inject through the remarkably thick and robust chorion of N. furzeri's eggs. The injected DNA transgene was integrated into the genome and transmitted to subsequent generations as indicated by the expression of the fluorophore enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). Furthermore, we could confirm a special phase during embryonic development in which embryogenesis occurs within a re‐aggregated mass of previously dispersed cells as it has been described for other related cyprinodont fish species. Conclusions: The transgenesis protocol described here provides a basis for a variety of genetic manipulations including overexpression of genes and determining their effects on lifespan and longevity. The feasibility to perform transgenesis is an important step to establish N. furzeri as a new model in age research. Developmental Dynamics 241:1133–1141, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Generation of a conditional allele for the mouse endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene
Authors: Jiang Rosie , Wang Suwan , Takahashi Keiko , Fujita Hiroki , Fruci Christopher R. , Breyer Matthew D. , Harris Raymond C. , Takahashi Takamune 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMice with endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) deletions have defined the crucial role of eNOS in vascular development, homeostasis, and pathology. However, cell specific eNOS function has not been determined, although an important role of eNOS has been suggested in multiple cell types. Here, we have generated a floxed eNOS allele in which exons 9–12, encoding the sites essential to eNOS activity, are flanked with loxP sites. Mice homozygous for the floxed allele showed normal eNOS protein levels and no overt phenotype. Conversely, homozygous mice with Cre‐deleted alleles displayed truncated eNOS protein, lack of vascular NO production, and exhibited similar phenotype to eNOS knockout mice, including hypertension, low heart rate, and focal renal scarring. These findings demonstrate that the floxed allele is normal and it can be converted to a non‐functional eNOS allele through Cre recombination. This mouse will allow time‐ and cell‐specific eNOS deletion. genesis 50:685–692, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Techno‐economics for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol by indirect gasification and mixed alcohol synthesis
Authors: Dutta Abhijit , Talmadge Michael , Hensley Jesse , Worley Matt , Dudgeon Doug , Barton David , Groenendijk Peter , Ferrari Daniela , Stears Brien , Searcy Erin , Wright Christopher , Hess J. Richard 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis techno‐economic study investigates the production of ethanol and a higher alcohols coproduct by conversion of lignocelluosic biomass to syngas via indirect gasification followed by gas‐to‐liquids synthesis over a precommercial heterogeneous catalyst. The design specifies a processing capacity of 2,205 dry U.S. tons (2,000 dry metric tonnes) of woody biomass per day and incorporates 2012 research targets from NREL and other sources for technologies that will facilitate the future commercial production of cost‐competitive ethanol. Major processes include indirect steam gasification, syngas cleanup, and catalytic synthesis of mixed alcohols, and ancillary processes include feed handling and drying, alcohol separation, steam and power generation, cooling water, and other operations support utilities. The design and analysis is based on research at NREL, other national laboratories, and The Dow Chemical Company, and it incorporates commercial technologies, process modeling using Aspen Plus software, equipment cost estimation, and discounted cash flow analysis. The design considers the economics of ethanol production assuming successful achievement of internal research targets and nth‐plant costs and financing. The design yields 83.8 gallons of ethanol and 10.1 gallons of higher‐molecular‐weight alcohols per U.S. ton of biomass feedstock. A rigorous sensitivity analysis captures uncertainties in costs and plant performance. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2012
Game‐Based Simulation for Cross‐Cultural Decision Making Training
Authors: Madni Azad M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIncreasing globalization has had a major impact on manufacturing and service industries as well as on coalition operations conducted by the military. What is common to both the commercial and military sectors is the recent surge in interest in cross‐cultural decision making (CCDM) training. Existing CCDM training approaches tend to employ either some form of multi‐agent simulation or some variant of classical game theory. Despite their manifest benefits, these approaches have specific limitations that need to be overcome to create an effective cross‐cultural training system. Multi‐agent simulations typically lack theoretical underpinnings while classical game theory‐based approaches take a limited view of strategic decision making. Specifically, by adopting a Western view of rationality, game‐theoretic approaches fail to accommodate considerations such as fairness, altruism and reciprocity. Empirical research in strategic economic games has shown that humans respond to more than merely monetary incentives. In particular, research has shown that cultural norms play a central role in human decision making behavior, especially in non‐Western cultures. This paper presents an innovative approach to game‐based simulation that combines findings from behavioral game theory with classical game theory and multi‐agent simulation to exploit the strengths of each approach while making learning enjoyable, memorable, and fun. An illustrative game‐based simulation for CCDM training is also presented. The simulation framework is equally applicable to teaching other soft skills as well as skills that are too hazardous or too expensive to teach in the realworld through live exercises. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of Celebrity Endorsements on Consumer Purchase Intentions: Advertising Effect and Advertising Appeal as Mediators
Authors: Wang Jau‐Shyong , Cheng Yen‐Fen , Chu Yi‐Ling 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAdvertising has become the most efficient way for companies to transmit product information to consumers. Words and images are often used to display the product and thus attract the attention of consumers. Of all types of endorsement, celebrity endorsement is the marketing method most frequently used by entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs use celebrity endorsement to increase consumer purchasing motivation. Not only can celebrity endorsements attract consumers to purchase products, but the appeal of statements by celebrities can also affect consumer product image. Different appeal methods result in different advertising effects. This study used the case of advertising spokespersons for cell phones with general consumers as subjects. A total of 202 valid samples obtained through the questionnaire survey and used partial least squares regression analysis. The results showed that celebrity endorsements, advertising appeal, and advertising effect significantly and positively affect consumer purchase intentions. Moreover, advertising appeal and advertising effect exert a partial mediating effect on the relationship between celebrity endorsement and purchase intention. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hippocampal polyamine levels and transglutaminase activity are paralleling spatial memory retrieval in the C57BL/6J mouse
Authors: Tiboldi Akos , Lentini Alessandro , Provenzano Bruno , Tabolacci Claudio , Höger Harald , Beninati Simone , Lubec Gert 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAlthough a potential role for polyamines and transglutaminases (TGs) in memory mechanisms have been proposed, hippocampal spermine (SPM) and spermidine (SPD) levels as well as transamidating activity of TG in spatial memory have not been addressed yet. It was therefore the aim of the study to assess hippocampal polyamines and TG activity at the probe trial in a spatial memory paradigm. C57BL/6J mice (20 animals per group) were used for the experiments and divided into a trained and a yoked (untrained) group. The Morris water maze (MWM) was selected as the memory test, animals were sacrificed within 5 min following the probe trial and hippocampi were taken for biochemical analysis. SPD and SPM levels were assessed by an analytical procedure according to Gismondi et al. Transamidating activity of TG was determined following the method described by Chung and Folk using [14C] methylamine as substrate. γ‐(Glutamyl)‐polyamine levels were evaluated by ion exchange chromatography according to Folk et al. Animals learned the task in the MWM as latencies and pathlengths were significantly reduced. At the probe trial mice showed significantly higher preference for the target quadrant. Free SPD and SPM levels were manifold decreased in the trained as compared to the yoked group. Transamidating activity of TG was fourfold increased in trained as compared to yoked controls. γ‐(Glutamyl)‐SPD was comparable while γ‐(glutamyl)‐SPM was significantly higher in the trained group. The findings show a potential role for polyamines, their derivative γ‐(glutamyl)‐SPM and transamidating activity of TG at memory retrieval or formation. Results from this study are extending and knowledge on polyamines and report for the first time involvement of γ‐(glutamyl)‐SPM and transamidating activity of TG that may form the basis for future neurochemical and pharmacological studies and indeed, modulation of polyamine and TG activity has been already proposed as a tentative therapeutical concept. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Solvent Extraction of Ag(I) and Cu(II) with New Macrocyclic Schiff Bases
Authors: Kedy Souad , Kandil Farouk , Almhna Nadeem 
Published: April 2012

AbstractTwo new macrocyclic Schiff bases (II) and (III) containing nitrogen ‐ oxygen donor atoms were synthesized by reaction between diethylene triamine or 2,2′‐(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) and the intermediate compound: 1,4‐bis(6‐methoxy‐2‐formylphenyl)‐1,4‐dioxabutane (I). Identification of these macrocyclic Schiff bases: 1,12, 15,18, 29,32 ‐ hexaaza ‐ [3,4;8,9;20,21;26,27‐tetra‐(6′‐methoxyphenyl)]‐5,8,22,25‐tetraoxa cyclo tetratriacosine‐1,11,18,28‐tetraene. (II) 1,12,21,32‐tetraaza‐[3,4;9,10;23,24;29, 30‐tetra‐(6′‐methoxyphenyl)]‐5,8,15,18,25,28,35,38‐octaoxa cyclo ‐ tetracontane‐1,11,21,31‐tetraene. (III) were determined by elemental analysis (LC‐MS), (IR) and (1H and 13C‐NMR) spectroscopy. The liquid‐liquid extraction of metal picrates such as Ag+ and Cu2+ from aqueous phase to organic phase was carried out using these ligands. The effect of chloroform and dichloromethane as organic solvents over the metal picrate extractions were investigated at 25 ± 0.1 °C by using atomic absorption spectrometer.
Induced Decompositions of Graphs
Authors: Bondy J. Adrian , Szwarcfiter Jayme L. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe consider those graphs G that admit decompositions into copies of a fixed graph F, each copy being an induced subgraph of G. We are interested in finding the extremal graphs with this property, that is, those graphs G on n vertices with the maximum possible number of edges. We discuss the cases where F is a complete equipartite graph, a cycle, a star, or a graph on at most four vertices.