bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on the development of a mating disruption system to control the tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta Povolny (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
Authors: Vacas Sandra , Alfaro Cristina , Primo Jaime , Navarro‐Llopis Vicente 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The tomato leafminer (Tuta absoluta Povolny) has rapidly colonised the whole Mediterranean and South‐Atlantic coasts of Spain, and it has become a key problem in both outdoor and greenhouse crops. New control methods compatible with biological control are required, and mating disruption appears to be a perfect method in current agriculture, as it is an environmentally friendly and residue‐free technique. IPM packages tested have included the use of pheromones to detect populations, but there has not been much previous research on mating disruption of T. absoluta. In this work, pheromone doses varying from 10 to 40 g ha−1, emitted at a constant rate over 4 months, were tested in greenhouses with different levels of containment in order to evaluate the efficacy of mating disruption on T. absoluta.RESULTS: Trials on containment level revealed that the flight of T. absoluta was satisfactorily disrupted with an initial pheromone dose of 30 g ha−1, and levels of damage did not significantly differ from those in reference plots with insecticide treatments. Later efficacy trials confirmed previous experiences, and release studies showed that control of damage and flight disruption were taking place when releasing at least 85 mg pheromone per ha per day.CONCLUSION: Effective control using pheromone application against T. absoluta can be achieved, in greenhouses with high containment levels, for 4 months, with initial doses of 30 g ha−1. Further research must be conducted in order to evaluate the prospect of outdoor application of mating disruption systems. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Roflumilast (Daxas): a novel approach to treating COPD
Authors: Small Iain 
Published: May 2011

AbstractRoflumilast (Daxas) is the first in a new class of treatment for COPD that targets the underlying inflammation. In our New products review, Dr Iain Small presents the clinical trial evidence for its efficacy and side‐effects and discusses its place in COPD management. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Interface Ltd
Oral contraception: the pros and cons of COCs and POPs
Authors: MacGregor Anne 
Published: May 2011

AbstractOral contraceptives are effective, reversible, independent of intercourse and for the majority of users safe with added health benefits. Our Drug review considers the properties and efficacy of both combined and progestogen‐only pills, followed by sources of further information and an analysis of the prescription data. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Interface Ltd
Lamotrigine to prevent depressive episodes in bipolar disorder
Authors: Saunders Kate , Goodwin Guy 
Published: May 2011

AbstractLamotrigine is now indicated for the prevention of depression in bipolar disorder. Here, Dr Kate Saunders and Professor Guy Goodwin describe its efficacy, side‐effects and drug interactions in a condition where antidepressants have limited use. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Interface Ltd
Cleaning and growth morphology of GaN and InGaN surfaces
Authors: Falta J. , Schmidt Th. , Gangopadhyay S. , Schulz Chr. , Kuhr S. , Berner N. , Flege J. I. , Pretorius A. , Rosenauer A. , Sebald K. , Lohmeyer H. , Gutowski J. , Figge S. , Yamaguchi T. , Hommel D. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe structure and chemistry of clean GaN surfaces and InGaN thin films and nanostructures grown by metal organic vapour pressure epitaxy (MOVPE) has been studied by means of X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy, low‐energy electron diffraction as well as scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and transmission electron microscopy. Thermal annealing strongly improves the cleanliness of samples after dry nitrogen transfer and related exposure to residual oxygen. Nitrogen plasma assisted cleaning is shown to successfully further remove carbon contaminations, while Ga deposition with subsequent desorption to is shown to be superior for an enhanced reduction of surface oxygen. Using STM, the surface morphology has been studied in dependence on major growth parameters at various stages of InGaN MOVPE growth. The formation of nano‐islands is reported for different growth conditions. By means of micro‐photoluminescence measurements, we find samples to show strong photoluminescence from quantum‐dot‐like structures, however, the corresponding growth front is found to be rather flat throughout InGaN deposition. This leads to the conclusion that the formation of quantum dots does not proceed in a Stranski–Krastanov‐like fashion but most likely during overgrowth.magnified image
Scanning tunneling micrograph and height profile of 3.9 nm InGaN grown by MOVPE at 700 °C, after growth interruption and 1 min post‐growth annealing at the growth temperature. The surface exhibits a two‐dimensional islands morphology.
The vortex lattice in type‐II superconductors: Ideal or distorted, in bulk and films
Authors: Brandt Ernst Helmut 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAbrikosov's solution of the linearized Ginzburg–Landau theory describes a periodic lattice of vortex lines in type‐II superconductors at large inductions. This solution is generalized to non‐periodic vortex arrangements, e.g., to lattices with a vacancy surrounded by relaxing vortex lattice and to periodically distorted lattices that appear in the nonlocal theory of elasticity of the vortex lattice. Generalizations to lower magnetic inductions and to three‐dimensional arrangements of curved vortex lines are also given. It is shown how the periodic vortex lattice can be computed for bulk superconductors as well as for thick and thin films in a perpendicular field for all Ginzburg–Landau parameters κ and all inductions ${\bar {B}}$.
Thermoelectric materials – Compromising between high efficiency and materials abundance
Authors: Homm G. , Klar P. J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn the context of CO2 neutral and regenerative energy production, the field of thermoelectrics has shifted more and more into the focus of scientific research in the last few years. Particularly a lot of research projects were started in the field of energy autarkic sensor technology and the so called energy harvesting, i.e. the recycling of otherwise lost energy. A potentially huge industrial branch for thermoelectric applications is the automotive industry with a main emphasis on generating electricity out of the waste heat of combustion engines with the help of thermoelectric generators or using Peltier cooling to replace conventional air conditioning in the passenger compartment. In addition, many niche applications are possible, e.g. as sensors for measuring the air pressure of tires etc. The applications of thermoelectric devices are very versatile. We analyse the potential of the state‐of‐the‐art thermoelectric materials SiGe, PbTe, Bi2Te3, FeSi2 and potentially ZnO with respect to employment in four types of applications, classified by mobile vs stationary and specialized vs. mass application. The selection criteria comprise efficiency, materials availability, costs, environmental friendliness and toxicity. Based on these criteria, a decision matrix for choosing the appropriate material system for a specific application is defined. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spectroscopic constants and molecular properties of A3Σu+, B3Πg, W3Δu, and B′3Σu− electronic states of the N2 molecule
Authors: Shi De‐Heng , Xing Wei , Sun Jin‐Feng , Zhu Zun‐Lue , Liu Yu‐Fang 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe potential energy curves (PECs) of A3Σ, B3Πg, W3Δu, and B′3Σ electronic states of the N2 molecule have been studied for internuclear separations from 0.05 to 2.0 nm using the full valence complete active space self‐consistent‐field method followed by the highly accurate valence internally contracted multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) approach in conjunction with the correlation‐consistent basis sets. Effects on the PECs by the core–valence correlation and relativistic corrections are taken into account. The way to consider the relativistic correction is to use the second‐order Douglas‐Kroll Hamiltonian approximation. The core–valence correlation correction is made with the cc‐pCV5Z basis set. And the relativistic correction is performed at the level of cc‐pV5Z basis set. To obtain more reliable results, the PECs determined by the MRCI calculations are also corrected for size‐extensivity errors by the Davidson modification (MRCI+Q). These PECs are extrapolated to the complete basis set limit. The spectroscopic parameters of 14N2, 14N15N, and 15N2 isotopologs have been evaluated and compared with those reported in the literature. Excellent agreement has been found between the present results and the Rydberg‐Klein‐Rees (RKR) data. With the PECs obtained by the MRCI+Q/CV+DK+56 calculations, the first 30 vibrational states for three species are computed for each electronic state. And for each electronic state of each species, the vibrational level G(ν), inertial rotation constant Bν, and centrifugal distortion constant Dν have been determined, which agree well with the RKR data. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012
REMOVAL OF WEIRS AND THE INFLUENCE ON PHYSICAL HABITAT FOR SALMONIDS IN A NORWEGIAN RIVER
Authors: Fjeldstad H.‐P. , Barlaup B. T. , Stickler M. , Gabrielsen S.‐E. , Alfredsen K. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTIn the late 1970s, the construction of weirs in Norwegian regulated river systems for aesthetic reasons was common. However, today, the focus of river restoration has shifted towards improving biological functionality and biodiversity. In the present study, two weirs, originally built to create a stable water level, were removed on a residual flow reach in a Norwegian regulated river as a measure to restore river connectivity and to re‐establish the local population of Atlantic salmon. The removal design was based on hydraulic modelling, and biological monitoring was implemented before and after the weir removal to evaluate the biological response to weir removal. The results demonstrated that salmon spawning sites were recreated in the old bed substratum and were occupied immediately the first season after weir removal, when water velocities increased to more suitable levels for spawning. Accordingly, mortality of Atlantic salmon eggs was reduced and the densities of juveniles showed a marked increase after weir removal. Conversely, pike and cyprinids in the reach were found in the samples before weir removal but not after removal, indicating that the desired shift in fish community in response to habitat alteration was obtained. Furthermore, enumeration of migrating adult salmon at a fishway upstream of the study reach showed that the migration peak, on average, was 1 month earlier in the 3 years after removal as compared with the 5 years before removal. Finally, the use of hydraulic modelling represented a useful method for designing physical habitat adjustments and assessing their influence on fish biology. The model results also supported a rapid process in planning and execution of construction works. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Earth systems science: An analytic framework
Authors: Finley Fred N. , Nam Younkeyong , Oughton John 
Published: May 2011

AbstractEarth Systems Science (ESS) is emerging rapidly as a discipline and is being used to replace the older earth science education that has been taught as unrelated disciplines—geology, meteorology, astronomy, and oceanography. ESS is complex and is based on the idea that the earth can be understood as a set of interacting natural and social systems. An analytic, metalevel framework is needed to understand the complexity. The framework specifies a set of metalevel essential ideas and analytic concepts that can be applied to understand the substantive structures of ESS—the essential ideas describe the general nature of earth systems, and the analytic concepts describe types of discipline‐specific concepts such as the materials, processes, and variables of earth systems. An analysis for the phenomenon of carbon cycling is provided as an example. The framework allows one to determine whether what is to be taught is complete and coherent and can be used to conduct research and evaluations of curriculum, teachers' knowledge, and students' knowledge in a systematic manner. Sets of studies completed using the ESS analytic framework will allow comparability across subjects that is currently lacking. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 95:1066–1085, 2011
Privacy‐preserving frequent itemsets mining via secure collaborative framework
Authors: Wong Kok Seng , Kim Myung Ho 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTKnowledge‐discovering or pattern‐discovering process, such as data mining, is an important technique to discover hidden but useful information from a large volume of data. Under distributed environment, data mining task has become a challenging task due to data protection and privacy concerns. The secure multi‐party computation (SMC) approach has been widely used to solve privacy‐preserving data mining problems. However, generic SMC solutions are not practical from an efficiency point of view, especially when the number of parties and the size of the data are large. In view of these problems, we utilize a secure collaborative framework to facilitate the computation protocol for SMC. In this paper, we particularly consider the problem of privacy‐preserving frequent itemsets mining under distributed environment. Our solution reduces the risk for central data mining and improves the efficiency of the current generic SMC solutions. Furthermore, our solution is more reliable and flexible regardless of the number of parties involved. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fitting dynamic models with forcing functions: Application to continuous glucose monitoring in insulin therapy
Authors: Lunn, D. J. , Wei C. , Hovorka R. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe artificial pancreas is an emerging technology to treat type 1 diabetes (T1D). It has the potential to revolutionize diabetes care and improve quality of life. The system requires extensive testing, however, to ensure that it is both effective and safe. Clinical studies are resource demanding and so a principle aim is to develop an in silico population of subjects with T1D on which to conduct pre‐clinical testing. This paper aims to reliably characterize the relationship between blood glucose and glucose measured by subcutaneous sensor as a major step towards this goal. Blood‐and sensor‐glucose are related through a dynamic model, specified in terms of differential equations. Such models can present special challenges for statistical inference, however. In this paper we make use of the BUGS software, which can accommodate a limited class of dynamic models, and it is in this context that we discuss such challenges. For example, we show how dynamic models involving forcing functions can be accommodated. To account for fluctuations away from the dynamic model that are apparent in the observed data, we assume an autoregressive structure for the residual error model. This leads to some identifiability issues but gives very good predictions of virtual data. Our approach is pragmatic and we propose a method to mitigate the consequences of such identifiability issues. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Marginal regression models with time‐varying coefficients for recurrent event data
Authors: Sun Liuquan , Zhou Xian , Guo Shaojun 
Published: May 2011

AbstractRecurrent event data arise frequently from medical research. Examples include repeated infections, recurrence of tumors, relapse of leukemia, repeated hospitalizations, recurrence of symptoms of a disease, and so on. In the analysis of recurrent event data, the proportional rates model assumes that the regression coefficients are time invariant. In reality, however, these parameters may vary over time, and the temporal covariate effects on the event process are of great interest. In this article, we formulate a class of semiparametric marginal rates models, which incorporate a mixture of time‐varying and time‐independent parameters, to analyze recurrent event data. For statistical inference on model parameters, an estimation procedure is developed and asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators are established. In addition, we develop tests for investigating whether or not covariate effects vary with time. The finite‐sample behaviors of the proposed methods are examined in simulation studies. An example of application of the proposed methodology is illustrated on a set of data from a clinic study on chronic granulomatous disease. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bayesian procedures for phase I/II clinical trials investigating the safety and efficacy of drug combinations
Authors: Whitehead John , Thygesen Helene , Whitehead Anne 
Published: May 2011

AbstractMany formal statistical procedures for phase I dose‐finding studies have been proposed. Most concern a single novel agent available at a number of doses and administered to subjects participating in a single treatment period and returning a single binary indicator of toxicity. Such a structure is common when evaluating cytotoxic drugs for cancer. This paper concerns studies of combinations of two agents, both available at several doses. Subjects participate in one treatment period and provide two binary responses: one an indicator of benefit and the other of harm. The word ‘benefit’ is used loosely here: the response might be an early indicator of physiological change which, if induced in patients, is of potential therapeutic value. The context need not be oncology, but might be any study intended to meet both the phase I aim of establishing which doses are safe and the phase II goal of exploring potential therapeutic activity. A Bayesian approach is used based on an assumption of monotonicity in the relationship between the strength of the dose‐combination and the distribution of the bivariate outcome. Special cases are described, and the procedure is evaluated using simulation. The parameters that define the model have immediate and simple interpretation. Graphical representations of the posterior opinions about model parameters are shown, and these can be used to inform the discussions of the trial safety committee. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vital significance of addition of “shape similarity” between solutes to shape complementarity for more precise molecular recognition in aqueous binary solvents
Authors: Endo Tadashi 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPrecise and specific molecular recognition is vital to living systems. Discrimination has mainly been studied by using particular host molecules (e.g., crown ethers, cyclodextrin and urea derivatives). Several studies in various fields have pointed out that the famous “lock‐and‐key theory” (the concept of shape complementarity) is, at present, insufficient for understanding precise discrimination. This seems to come from the fact that various types of intermolecular interactions are decisive in such discrimination. This Review intends to describe the novel concept that “shape similarity” between interacting solutes should be added to “shape complementarity” for more precise discrimination to be achieved. Further, the role of shape similarity between solvent and solute molecules is also described. In relation to precise molecular recognition, weak interactions, which depend on the three‐dimensional shape of substituents (shape‐specific weak interactions), are described. Possibility of alterations in solvent structures is discussed in aqueous binary solvents. DOI 10.1002/tcr.201100001
Binocular rivalry: competition and inhibition in visual perception
Authors: Alais David 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWhen the brain is presented with ambiguous visual stimuli supporting two interpretations, perception becomes bistable and alternates over time between one interpretation and the other. This process contains elements of competition (between the rivaling percepts) as well as inhibition, as the percepts are mutually exclusive so that one is always suppressed. This review covers the most widely studied form of bistable perception—binocular rivalry. Suppression in rivalry is covered in detail, including discussion of its general and specific components, its local nature and spatial organization, techniques for quantifying it, and the role of global feedback. The competitive dynamics of rivalry are discussed within the context of the classical ‘adapting reciprocal inhibition’ model of rivalry and recent evidence supporting this model is discussed. This model is contrasted with alternative models based on late competition and with hybrid models. Finally, the role of attention in rivalry is examined and commonalities with other forms of bistable perception are noted. WIREs Cogn Sci 2012, 3:87–103. doi: 10.1002/wcs.151This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Attention
Barrett’s Esophagus After Resection of the Gastroesophageal Junction: Effects of Concomitant Fundoplication
Authors: Tsiouris Athanasios , Hammoud Zane , Velanovich Vic 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackgroundBarrett’s metaplasia has been known to occur after esophagectomy or gastrectomy in which the gastroesophageal junction with its associated lower esophageal sphincter has been resected. It is thought to be secondary to the refluxogenic nature of the operation. The present study was based on the hypothesis that patients who undergo a fundoplication with the resection would have a lower incidence of the development of postoperative Barrett’s metaplasia.MethodsAll patients who underwent any type of esophagectomy or proximal gastrectomy in which the gastroesophageal junction was resected and an esophagogastrostomy performed were eligible for the study. Data gathered included age, gender, preoperative diagnosis, operation, postoperative pathology, occurrence and timing of postoperative upper endoscopy, and presence of Barrett’s metaplasia on postoperative endoscopy. Statistical analysis was done with Fisher’s exact test.ResultsOf the 179 patients who underwent resection, 151 had follow‐up endoscopy documenting the presence or absence of Barrett’s esophagus. Follow‐up ranged from 6 months to 10 years. Of the 53 patients without fundoplications, 8 (18%) had Barrett’s esophagus on follow‐up upper endoscopy. Of the 98 patients with fundoplications, 5 (6%) had Barrett’s esophagus (P = 0.04).ConclusionsThe present study suggests that concomitant fundoplication with resection of the gastroesophageal junction may have some protective effect against the development of Barrett’s esophagus. A randomized trial will be required to prove this assertion. Also, it is still unclear as to the consequences of the development of post‐resection Barrett’s esophagus.