bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parasitic behavior and developmental morphology of Mesocomys trabalae (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), a promising parasitoid of the Japanese giant silkworm Caligula japonica (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)
Authors: Wang Run-Zhi , Chen Xu , Zhou Hang , Tariq Haneef , Zang Lian-Sheng , Chen Yong-Ming 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The egg parasitoid Mesocomys trabalae Yao, Yang, and Zhao is used as a biocontrol agent against the emerging defoliator pest Caligula japonica Moore in East Asia. It has been proven that the eggs of Antheraea pernyi Guérin-Méneville can be used as a factitious host for the mass production of M. trabalae. We examined the parasitic behavior and morphological characteristics of the developmental stages of M. trabalae reared on A. pernyi eggs. The parasitic behavior of M. trabalae encompasses 10 steps, involving searching, antennation, locating the oviposition site, drilling, probing, detecting, oviposition, host feeding, grooming, and resting, with the oviposition step further divided into 3 stages. We determined that the parasitoid released an egg during the second stage of the oviposition step, while her body remained in a relatively static state. Among all the steps in parasitic behavior, probing occupied the longest time, accounting for 26.33% of the entire parasitism process. It was followed by oviposition (15.88%), drilling (15.10%), antennation (13.09%), detecting (10.79%), host feeding (10.02%), and the remaining steps, each occupying less than 5.00% of the total time in steps. The pre-emergence of adult M. trabalae comprised of 4 stages: egg (0–1 day), larva (2–6 days), prepupa (7–11 days), pupa (12–20 days), followed by the development into an adult, and it usually took 20–22 days to develop from an egg into an adult at 25°C. This study advances our understanding of the biology of Mesocomys parasitoids and their mass-rearing for use in augmentation programs.
Risk perception in long-term evacuees of Futaba town, Fukushima: a cross-sectional study reveals greater concerns outside the prefecture, 12 years after the accident
Authors: Xiao Xu , Orita Makiko , Kashiwazaki Yuya , Matsunaga Hitomi , Win Thu Zar , Lochard Jacques , Takamura Noboru 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
For over 12 years since the 2011 East Japan Earthquake, the decontamination of radioactive materials is still incomplete. Although evacuation orders had been lifted in ~15% of Futaba town, the site of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, by August 2022, anxiety regarding the effects of nuclear radiation persists among evacuees, and their intention to return (ITR) remains low. As of August 2023, only 90 residents lived there. As the only town with government functions relocated outside Fukushima Prefecture, Futaba has more residents who evacuated outside the prefecture. Although numerous factors affect risk perception and ITR to the place of previous residence, the impact of evacuation destination on risk perception remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of evacuation destination on radiation risk perception. In 2022, a survey was conducted on 404 evacuees aged &gt;18 years. The responses were compared between groups outside and inside Fukushima using the chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Significant relationships were found between the evacuation destination and risk perception of genetic effects in the next generation (odds ratio [OR] = 1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15–3.20) and of the health effects of radiation (OR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.10–2.84), which were both higher in those who had evacuated outside Fukushima. These findings stress the importance of evacuation destination choice and information access for evacuees’ risk perception. Enhanced education and support efforts are necessary to help evacuees not only in Fukushima but also throughout Japan.
The transcription factor OsSPL9 endows rice with copper deficiency resilience
Authors: Wang Wujian , Luo Le , Shi Huichao , Song Yuxinrui , Wang Junjie , Chen Chen , Shen Zhenguo , Rouached Hatem , Zheng Luqing 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a crucial micronutrient essential for the growth and development of plants. Rice exhibits remarkable resistance to Cu deficiency, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we reveal that the plant’s ability to withstand Cu deficiency is orchestrated by a transcription factor known as OsSPL9. We have demonstrated that OsSPL9 functions as a central regulator of Cu homeostasis. Disrupting OsSPL9 through knockout significantly reduced the plant’s tolerance to Cu deficiency. As a result, the spl9 mutants exhibited reduced Cu accumulation in their shoots when compared with wild-type plants. This reduction was linked to a disruption in the transport of Cu from older leaves to younger ones. Furthermore, we show that OsSPL9 directly bound to GTAC motifs in the promoters of key genes involved in Cu uptake and transport, as well as Cu-miRNAs, and enhanced their transcription under Cu-deficient conditions. Overall, our findings shed light on the molecular basis of rice resilience to Cu deficiency stress and place the transcription factor OsSPL9 as a master regulator of this response.
The International Law Commission’s Draft Conclusions
Authors: Tladi Dire 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter serves to introduce the book by, first, describing the importance of the subject-matter of the book, peremptory norms of general international law (jus cogens), and describing the role of the Commission in clarifying its contours. In this context, the chapter describes the main contestation surrounding jus cogens and how this contestation manifests in different aspects of jus cogens, i.e. identification and legal consequences. It then describes the Commission’s central role in the mainstreaming of jus cogens, tracing this role from the Commission’s work on the law of treaties, when jus cogens had little pedigree in practice and judicial decisions, to its more recent work, such as the Commission’s work on State Responsibility. With respect to the ILC work on the adoption of the Draft Conclusions, the chapter describes the process leading to the inclusion of the topic on the agenda, paying particular attention to the objections raised against the inclusion. It also describes the particular methodology that the Commission decided to employ in studying the topic. An overview of the Draft Conclusions is also provided. Finally, the chapter provides the basic structure of the book.
The Scope of the Draft Conclusions
Authors: Tladi Dire 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter is concerned with Draft Conclusion 1 of the Draft Conclusions which covers the scope. The scope provision describes the two aspects that are the subject of the Draft Conclusions, namely, the identification and legal consequences of jus cogens. In describing what is covered in the Draft Conclusions, the chapter also describes what is not covered. In particular, it explains that the approach adopted by the Commission is a methodological approach which did not seek to address the content of jus cogens. There are several consequences of this methodological approach and these are described in the chapter. Also excluded from the Draft Conclusions is regional jus cogens and the chapter explains and provides the context for this exclusion. Finally, the chapter describes the approach of the Commission to actors covered, i.e. the extent to which the Draft Conclusion applies to actors other than States.
The Second CriterionAcceptance and Recognition by the International Community as a Norm from which no Derogation is Permitted
Authors: Tladi Dire 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Chapter 6 addresses the second criterion, which is described as a composite criterion because it contains several elements. Because these elements are addressed in different Draft Conclusions, Chapter 6 itself covers two Draft Conclusions, namely Draft Conclusion 6, on acceptance and recognition and Draft Conclusion 7, on the international community of States as a whole. With respect to Draft Conclusion 6, the chapter describes and assesses the nature of the criterion and what separates it from acceptance in the form of opinio juris and recognition for the purposes of general principles of law. The focus of the discussion on Draft Conclusion 7 is on the threshold, both qualitative and quantitative, for acceptance and recognition.
The Second Criterion
Authors: Tladi Dire 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Chapter 7 addresses the evidence necessary to demonstrate acceptance and recognition. These are considered in two Draft Conclusions, namely Draft Conclusions 8 and 9. Draft Conclusion 8 concerns the form of evidence for acceptance and recognition, while Draft Conclusion 9 concerns subsidiary means for the determination of jus cogens. The Draft Conclusions identify two types of evidence, the primary forms of evidence and subsidiary means. This chapter will address them both. Some of the issues analysed in the chapter include the role played by courts and various expert bodies, on which reliance is often placed, in the determination of the jus cogens status of a norm. The role of scholarly writings is similarly assessed.
Particular Consequences of Jus Cogens Norms
Authors: Tladi Dire 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Chapter 11 addresses particular consequences of jus cogens. There are two types of ‘particular’ consequences addressed in this chapter. These are particular consequences of serious breaches of jus cogens, addressed in Draft Conclusion 19, and particular consequences of specific norms of jus cogens, which are the subject of a without prejudice clause in Draft Conclusion 22. Draft Conclusion 19, which is based on the Articles of State Responsibility, raised two main interrelated questions, which were the subject of contention. The first of these is whether the consequences addressed therein apply only to serious breaches as determined by the Commission in 2001, or whether they can now be said to apply to all breaches. The second is whether these consequences can be said to reflect customary international law. Both of these questions are analysed and evaluated in this chapter. Draft Conclusion 22 seems like a rather innocuous provision, yet it has a tumultuous history and the basic text was intended to address rather complex issues concerning jus cogens. The chapter goes behind the text and Commentary to describe the choice of Commission to address these important questions through a without prejudice clause.
Jus Cogens and Interpretation of International Law
Authors: Tladi Dire 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Chapter 12 concerns jus cogens and interpretation, which is the subject of Draft Conclusion 20. The chapter describes the purpose underlying the rule contained in the Draft Conclusion. It also describes its basis in international law. Based on the principle of systemic integration the rule in Draft Conclusion 20 is also sourced from case law. The chapter places the rule in the context of the consequences of invalidity (Chapters 8 and 9), seeing the rule as one designed to avoid the far-reaching consequences of invalidity. In so doing the chapter assesses the possible tension between the objective of coherence and the fear of modification by interpretation.
Recommended Dispute Settlement Procedure
Authors: Tladi Dire 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Chapter 13 addresses a procedure for resolving disputes which is provided for in Draft Conclusion 21. Draft Conclusion 21 provides a recommended procedure for addressing disputes relating to the invalidation of a rule of international law on account of conflict with jus cogens. Draft Conclusion 21 is, thus, an essential part of the set of Draft Conclusions and is intended to prevent, or more accurately, reduce the potential of auto-interpretation inherent in the system of international law. The chapter assesses and evaluates the arguments made from different quarters against the recommended procedure. Given the nature of the provision, as one that is a creation of the International Law Commission, the chapter describes its content, while at the same time pointing out ambiguities in the text.
Theorizing Affect in Mahler
Authors: Li Edwin K. C 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
This article examines ways of theorizing affect in Mahler’s music, focusing on reading Adorno’s material theory of form as an affective theory of form, and shedding light on the potential critiques that this reading may face, and, more broadly, the ramifications it holds for Mahler studies and affect studies. It begins with an exploration of the dialectical nature of Adorno’s material theory of form, then posits that one’s affective experience of the categories laid out in the theory can be theorized by what Adorno calls the ‘shudder’ in the form of an ungraspable petrification. After discussing two other theoretical angles in literature on Mahler through which my reading of Adorno’s Formenlehre can be evaluated, the article throws into relief how Adorno’s affective theory of form may contribute to affect studies in simultaneously subjecting affect and music to critique.
Crystal structure of a tetrameric RNA G-quadruplex formed by hexanucleotide repeat expansions of C9orf72 in ALS/FTD
Authors: Geng Yanyan , Liu Changdong , Xu Naining , Suen Monica Ching , Miao Haitao , Xie Yuanyuan , Zhang Bingchang , Chen Xueqin , Song Yuanjian , Wang Zhanxiang , Cai Qixu , Zhu Guang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The abnormal GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat expansions (HREs) in C9orf72 cause the fatal neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. The transcribed RNA HREs, short for r(G4C2)n, can form toxic RNA foci which sequestrate RNA binding proteins and impair RNA processing, ultimately leading to neurodegeneration. Here, we determined the crystal structure of r(G4C2)2, which folds into a parallel tetrameric G-quadruplex composed of two four-layer dimeric G-quadruplex via 5′-to-5′ stacking in coordination with a K+ ion. Notably, the two C bases locate at 3′- end stack on the outer G-tetrad with the assistance of two additional K+ ions. The high-resolution structure reported here lays a foundation in understanding the mechanism of neurological toxicity of RNA HREs. Furthermore, the atomic details provide a structural basis for the development of potential therapeutic agents against the fatal neurodegenerative diseases ALS/FTD.
Loops are geometric catalysts for DNA integration
Authors: Battaglia Cleis , Michieletto Davide 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The insertion of DNA elements within genomes underpins both genetic diversity and disease when unregulated. Most of DNA insertions are not random and the physical mechanisms underlying the integration site selection are poorly understood. Here, we perform Molecular Dynamics simulations to study the insertion of DNA elements, such as viral DNA or transposons, into naked DNA or chromatin substrates. More specifically, we explore the role of loops within the polymeric substrate and discover that they act as ‘geometric catalysts’ for DNA integration by reducing the energy barrier for substrate deformation. Additionally, we discover that the 1D pattern and 3D conformation of loops have a marked effect on the distribution of integration sites. Finally, we show that loops may compete with nucleosomes to attract DNA integrations. These results may be tested in vitro and they may help to understand patterns of DNA insertions with implications in genome evolution and engineering.
Super-enhancer-driven IRF2BP2 enhances ALK activity and promotes neuroblastoma cell proliferation
Authors: Chen Yanling , Zhuo Ran , Sun Lichao , Tao Yanfang , Li Gen , Zhu Frank , Xu Yunyun , Wang Jianwei , Li Zhiheng , Yu Juanjuan , Yin Hongli , Wu Di , Li Xiaolu , Fang Fang , Xie Yi , Hu Yizhou , Wang Hairong , Yang Chun , Shi Lei , Wang Xiaodong , Zhang Zimu , Pan Jian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Super-enhancers (SEs) typically govern the expression of critical oncogenes and play a fundamental role in the initiation and progression of cancer. Focusing on genes that are abnormally regulated by SE in cancer may be a new strategy for understanding pathogenesis. In the context of this investigation, we have identified a previously unreported SE-driven gene IRF2BP2 in neuroblastoma (NB).

Methods
The expression and prognostic value of IRF2BP2 were detected in public databases and clinical samples. The effect of IRF2BP2 on NB cell growth and apoptosis was evaluated through in vivo and in vitro functional loss experiments. The molecular mechanism of IRF2BP2 was investigated by the study of chromatin regulatory regions and transcriptome sequencing.

Results
The sustained high expression of IRF2BP2 results from the activation of a novel SE established by NB master transcription factors MYCN, MEIS2, and HAND2, and they form a new complex that regulates the gene network associated with the proliferation of NB cell populations. We also observed a significant enrichment of the AP-1 family at the binding sites of IRF2BP2. Remarkably, within NB cells, AP-1 plays a pivotal role in shaping the chromatin accessibility landscape, thereby exposing the binding site for IRF2BP2. This orchestrated action enables AP-1 and IRF2BP2 to collaboratively stimulate the expression of the NB susceptibility gene ALK, thereby upholding the highly proliferative phenotype characteristic of NB.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that SE-driven IRF2BP2 can bind to AP-1 to maintain the survival of tumor cells via regulating chromatin accessibility of the NB susceptibility gene ALK.
Serological Responses to Streptococcus pyogenes Vaccine Candidate Antigens Suggests That Streptococcus dysgalactiae Is the Predominant Cause of Lower Limb Cellulitis
Authors: Taggart Michael , Langworthy Kristyn , Hui Siong , Boyder Conchita , Fulurija Alma , Morici Michael , Raby Edward , Manning Laurens 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
A future Streptococcus pyogenes (Strep A) vaccine will ideally prevent a significant burden of lower limb cellulitis; however, natural immune responses to proposed vaccine antigens following an episode of cellulitis remain uncharacterized.

Methods
We enrolled 63 patients with cellulitis and 26 with invasive beta hemolytic streptococci infection, using a multiplexed assay to measure immunoglobulin G against Strep A vaccine candidate antigens, including: streptolysin O (SLO), deoxyribonuclease B (DNB), group A carbohydrate (GAC), C5a peptidase (ScpA), cell envelope proteinase (SpyCEP), and adhesion and division protein (SpyAD). Responses in the invasive cohort were used to predict the infecting etiology in the cellulitis cohort.

Results
Of 41 patients with cellulitis and paired serological samples, 68.3% had evidence of beta hemolytic streptococci infection by conventional anti-SLO and/or anti-DNB criteria. A positive serological response to at least 1 of the tested antigens was seen in 78.0% of the cellulitis cohort. Individually, anti-SLO (58.5%), anti-SpyAD (46.3%), and anti-ScpA (39.0%) were the most common. Based on principal component analysis, increases in these 3 antibodies, without responses to DNB, GAC, and SpyCEP characterized Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis (SDSE) infection.

Conclusions
SDSE appears to be the predominant cause of lower limb cellulitis. Effective Strep A vaccines incorporating antigens that provide additional cross protection against SDSE may prevent a significant burden of lower limb cellulitis.
Retained radial artery catheter fragment
Authors: Smith Alan I 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
It is estimated that 8 million arterial lines are placed in the United States yearly, with a low incidence of complications reported as less than 1% Gardner RM. (Direct arterial pressure monitoring. Curr Anaesth Crit Care 1990;1:239–46.), Scheer B, Perel A, Pfeiffer UJ. (Clinical review: complications and risk factors of peripheral arterial catheters used for haemodynamic monitoring in anaesthesia and intensive care medicine. Crit Care 2002;6:199–204.) Fracture of a radial arterial catheter is a very rare complication of radial arterial line placement or removal, with surgical removal of a retained catheter fragment being reported infrequently in the literature. We report the first occurrence of this complication at our institution, with proximal migration of the retained catheter fragment, requiring surgical removal. This case serves to reinforce the care and attention to detail required in the placement, securing of and removal of radial arterial lines.
A clinical case of insulin autoimmune syndrome with monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance; complexity in management
Authors: Clifford Liam , Joseph Flavian , Joshi Tripti 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) is a rare cause of spontaneous hypoglycaemia. We discuss a 91-year-old Caucasian lady who presented with syncope and episodic adrenergic and neuroglycopenic symptoms. Despite significantly elevated insulin, C-peptide, and proinsulin levels with the presence of anti-insulin antibodies, a pancreatic mass was not identified. Serum immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Treatment involved high-dose steroids, diazoxide, corn starch and acarbose, however the patient passed away four months later due to worsening co-morbidities. The management of IAS in the setting of MGUS is challenging.
Aseptic pyomyositis in rheumatoid arthritis treated with corticosteroid and DMARDs
Authors: Karmacharya Sudhir , Shrestha Adheep Arun , Nakarmi Shweta , Bhochhibhoya Manisha , Vaidya Binit 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Pyomyositis is a purulent infection of skeletal muscle that is mostly observed in tropical countries. Aseptic pyomyositis is a rare, potentially life-threatening disorder characterized by the formation of sterile pus in muscle. We present a case of 53-years old female, diagnosed case of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, presented with pain and swelling of the right calf muscle for 2 weeks. There was no history of fever, cough, skin erythema, no history of prolonged standing or immobility, or fetal loss. The diagnosis was made as rheumatoid arthritis with autoimmune pyomyositis, and the patient was treated with oral prednisolone 1mg/kg body weight in tapering dose, cs DMARDS, (methotrexate 25 mg once a week, and leflunomide 20mg daily hydroxychloroquine 200 mg daily orally) and another supportive treatment along with surgical drainage of pus was done. There was complete resolution of the initial lesion and remission of the primary disease in 3 months.
Two challenging cases of anti-MDA-5 dermatomyositis with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease
Authors: Biddle Kathryn , Agaoglu Elif , Brent Geoffrey , Adam John , Nockels Rachel , Loveridge Adam , Bazari Farid , Natkunarajah Janakan , Al-Shakarchi Israa 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Anti-MDA-5 dermatomyositis (DM) is a subtype of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, commonly presenting as clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis. It is associated with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease and a poor prognosis. Here, we present two cases of anti-MDA-5 DM and discuss the challenges associated with timely diagnosis, and the importance of early and aggressive treatment.