bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualitative and Multimethod Research: Organizations, Publication, and Reflections on Integration
Authors: Collier David , Elman Colin 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article describes the rapid development of institutions for the study of qualitative methods in the past decade. It first begins by presenting an overview of the approach to methodology that underpins the idea of qualitative and multimethod work. It then discusses these new organizations, in particular the Organized Section on Qualitative and Multi-Method Research of the American Political Science Association, and the annual Institute for Qualitative and Multi-Method Research. It outlines the patterns of publication, and a conclusion considers briefly the merits of an integrative, versus a separate tracks, approach to coordinating alternative methodologies. The formation of the organizations linked with qualitative/multimethod work reflected the need for methodologists with convergent skills and objectives to have a meaningful forum for dialogue.
Culture and Decision Making
Authors: Rojot Jacques 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article argues that the primary effects of cultures in decision making take the form of limitations on decision makers' rationality. Simon pointed out that decision making reflects the limitations of human brains. Subsequently, scholars have written many words about the psychological limitations on rationality. However, rationality also confronts cultural limitations that both augment and dominate the psychological ones. The article begins by summarizing some of the writing about national, occupational, and organizational cultures. It then considers the implications of these writings for organizational decision making.
Strategy Workshops and “Away Days” as Ritual
Authors: Bourque Nicole , Johnson Gerry 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Management researchers have made few attempts to study strategy events and to build explanations from theories. In particular, the management literature has failed to explain why the social dynamics, the often intense emotional experiences of participants, and the intended strategies formed at these events are not always realized after the event. This article uses the ritual theory, developed by anthropologists, in order to shed light on these processes. In particular, this entails a focus on theories of rites of passage and of ritualization. This article describes a “typical” strategy event and discusses the similarities between this event and a rite of passage. Then, it uses ritual theory to analyze this case study and explain the phenomena that arise during and following the event. Finally, it suggests areas of future research and offers some advice for managers and facilitators of such events.
Types and Positions
Authors: Kanter Rosabeth Moss , Khurana Rakesh 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article aims to make a case for using Georg Simmel's ideas to illuminate features of organizational life that connect individuals, groups, organizations, and society. It first summarizes three related aspects of Simmel's approach to social action that are relevant to organizational research: his method of using ‘pure types’ for describing social roles; positions for locating social actors in relation to each other; and structure for describing recurring social relationships. It then examines Simmel's applications of these ideas to social groupings of increasing complexity beginning with simple social interactions consisting of a monad, dyad, and triad; pyramidal hierarchies of dominant and subordinate relations; and finally, overlapping and interacting affiliations. The article continually draws parallels between Simmel's conceptual ideas and how they relate to critical topics in organizational behavior and to the larger social context. The article concludes by suggesting that Simmel may be even more relevant to a post-industrial age than he was to the machine age in which bureaucracy dominated, which might account for his relative neglect in the past and possible re-emergence today.
Mary Parker Follett and Pragmatist Organization
Authors: Ansell Chris 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAlthough Mary Parker Follett's reputation rises and falls with academic and management fashion, she has established a fairly secure place in the pantheon of organization studies. As many have noted, her contributions are sometimes difficult to classify because of her strong interdisciplinarity. Her writings range across political science, democratic theory, management, public administration, conflict resolution, social psychology, and organization theory, and she can be fairly claimed by all these fields. Her work is often seen as having a prescient or ‘prophetic’ quality, in that she anticipated developments in many of these fields that came to prominence much later. The revival of interest in her work has often coincided with the attempt by these emerging fields to establish their intellectual pedigrees. This article argues that what remains powerful and exemplary about Follett's work is her attempt to provide, and work through, the implications of a basic philosophical perspective for the social sciences.
Death and the Afterlife
Authors: Pippin Tina 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
In English literature and theology, the varieties of fictions about the End follow certain patterns and scattered genealogies, yet the connections to political and social realities of the times are always worthy of connection and comment. Death lyrics in poetic or prose form have a long history. These lyrics were popular in the Middle Ages in England, especially in the fifteenth century. Everyone will eventually die, and death treats all social classes equally. Literature responds, in poetry, sermons, novels and plays, to humour death. All these writers mentioned in this article faced these limitations of understanding death and the afterlife. These writers wrote in the context of plague; of their own and others' sickness; of existential dilemmas, sudden death, or funerals. They spoke out of despair, joy, memory, politics, and hope. In the face of death they dreamed of afterlives and saw visions of their own world transformed.
Salvation—Personal and Political
Authors: Newlands George 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
A great deal of human striving may be understood as a search for salvation, intellectual, physical, and emotional. This search generates stories, which are recorded in texts both sacred and secular. Religion, as part of human striving, searches for salvation through transcendence, and through the consequences for human life of divine action. This article focuses on Christian input into narratives of salvation, which is worked out in personal struggle, but also, as the tradition has shown, in community. It is this community element that is a recurring emancipatory theme. This may bring out the ecclesial dimensions of the Christian salvation theme: word and sacrament, participation and eucharist, worship and discipleship. Here too there are communities of damnation, where an irrational and wasteful dynamic tears communities apart, dragging individuals helplessly to destruction. The salvation theme is one of essential hope, but not an easy or unreflected hope.
Institutional Obstacles to Entrepreneurship
Authors: Fogel Kathy , Hawk Ashton , Morck Randall , Yeung Bernard 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article focuses on institutional obstacles to entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurs carry out a highly complicated composite act. They need intelligence to collect and digest information about business opportunities. They need foresight about the possibilities new technologies and other developments create. They need judgement and leadership skills to found a company and guide its growth. They need communication skills to enthuse financiers to back their vision. The number of active entrepreneurs therefore depends on how many individuals possess these skills. But skills are not endowments. Individuals decide to develop those skills that advance their well being and to forgo developing those that do not. The prospects of a career as an entrepreneur depend on the economic environment, which can be facilitative or detrimental. A multitude of factors determine this environment: rules and regulations, the quality of government, the availability of education, and the ambient culture.
Migration of Entrepreneurs
Authors: Godley Andrew 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn the classical and neoclassical economists' development of the theory of entrepreneurship, little role was allocated to one of the more obvious empirical observations of entrepreneurial behaviour: entrepreneurs have always been highly mobile individuals. This omission may of course have been because the focus of so much attention among nineteenth-century economists was on the dramatic events then unfolding in the industrializing regions of Britain and the United States, before then spreading further afield. This article reviews the literature on immigrant entrepreneurship, focusing especially on recently published investigations of historic cases, before making some theoretical observations and suggesting areas for further research.
The Development of HRM in Historical and International Perspective
Authors: Kaufman Bruce E. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
The human resource function in the business enterprise has its origins in the rise of modern industry in the late nineteenth century. This article provides a survey of its historical development both as a functional area of management practice and as an area of research and teaching in universities. Although, for reasons to be described, the bulk of attention is on the United States, The article endeavors to put the subject in an international context. Also provided is an account of the field's progress, shortcomings, and controversies.
HRM Systems and the Problem of Internal Fit
Authors: Kepes Sven , Delery John E. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPrevious reviews of the fit perspectives in SHRM have had a pessimistic tone and concluded that there was little evidence of the assumption that ‘fit’ leads to organizational success, although most reviews did not specifically focus on internal fit. This article aims to revisit the theoretical foundation of internal fit and provide a review of the literature addressing this issue. Specifically, it sets out to explore the theory and research behind the internal fit perspective in an attempt to summarize and advance our knowledge behind HRM systems and internal fit. In doing so, it addresses the theory behind ‘fit’, the interplay between external and internal fit, issues of the level of abstraction (e.g. focus on HRM philosophies, policies, or practices in measuring HRM systems), different types of internal fit, problems stemming from levels of analysis issues, and the empirical evidence, before summarizing and concluding.
HRM and Knowledge Workers
Authors: Swart Juani 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article develops a definition of the knowledge worker and discusses the characteristics of knowledge workers and their work. It then shifts to the organizational level and takes a closer look at the characteristics of knowledge-based organizations and the management of knowledge work. Several managerial and theoretical challenges arise when we combine individual and organizational knowledge perspectives. Each of these challenges, together with relevant knowledge-focused HR practices, is discussed and presented in a table, which serves as a summary to the article. The final section looks toward the future and explores possible avenues for research, theory-building, and HRM policy and practice development.
HRM and Business Performance
Authors: Purcell John , Kinnie Nicholas 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
The search for causal links between strategic HRM and business performance has dominated both academic and practitioner debate for over two decades. This article poses fundamental questions such as what is meant by performance, how an HR system is to be configured, how the causal chain between HR practices and performance outcomes is to be modeled, and what this means for research in the area. Most importantly, it challenges what we mean by human resource management. Recent research is reviewed to argue that culture, leadership, line manager behaviour, and operational management all need to fall within this area of interest. Before getting into the substance of these points, the article says something about the type of problems that have bedeviled research in the area.
Family-Friendly, Equal-Opportunity, and High-Involvement Management in Britain
Authors: Wood Stephen , de Menezes Lilian M. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Family-friendly, equal-opportunity, and high-involvement initiatives have increasingly been at the forefront of discussions of human resource management since the 1990s. They are widely viewed by academics and policy makers as critical ways of simultaneously improving the well-being of workers and the efficiency of organizations. Moreover, they are often presented as related practices. This article first discusses how they are perceived to be related and the research thus far on their links to organizational performance. It then reports a study designed to test these associations.
Social Legitimacy of the HRM Profession: A US Perspective
Authors: Kochan Thomas A. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article argues that HR professionals need to treat business strategy as an endogenous variable, be more externally focused and skilled at building networks and productive alliances with other groups and institutions, become more analytical and able to document the benefits associated with effective HR policies and practices to firms and employees, and be skilled at managing in an increasingly transparent society and information savvy workforce. The changing gender composition of the HR profession may affect its success in making these changes and meeting these challenges. Ironically, however, significant change in the status and legitimacy of the HR profession may require a rebalancing of power in employment relations.
Introduction
Authors: Dryzek John S. , Honig Bonnie , Phillips Anne 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This introductory article explains the theme of this book, which is about political theory. It evaluates the impact of literature that proved especially influential in framing debate through the last decades of the twentieth century and opening years of the twenty-first and examines the historical work on political thought. It describes the combination of concerns that runs through the work of John Rawls, Ronald Dworkin, and the liberal egalitarian tradition and identifies areas of debate that have proved particularly fruitful over the last thirty years. It analyses political theory from a global perspective and discusses body politic.
Power After Foucault
Authors: Brown Wendy 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article examines changes in the conception of political power after Michel Foucault. It suggests that while Foucault has politicized certain practices and knowledge fields that were previously insulated from inquiry into the interests shaping them, such politicization need not be conflated with political life tout court. It argues that Foucault's formulations of power, and especially of government and governmentality, have made this distinction extremely difficult. However, rather than giving up the distinction on the one hand, or rejecting Foucault's problematization of it on the other, political theory after Foucault is faced with the task of delineating it anew.
Multiculturalism and Post‐colonial Theory
Authors: Gilroy Paul 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article looks at the relation between post-colonial theory and multiculturalism. It explains that post-colonial theory is built upon debates over the legitimacy of colonial power that stretch through the morality of European expansion and the consequent ethical and political problems associated with colonial administration. Multiculturalism, like post-colonialism, is often seen as a coded way of speaking about race and about the dangerous processes through which race becomes a matter of culture. Some of the most important and influential strains of political commentary on multiculturalism have arisen from negotiation with indigenous populations in various national states. Those debates have been focused on problems of recognition, reparation, and sovereignty.
New Technologies, Justice, and the Body
Authors: Fabre Cécile 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article examines the impact of medical technologies on the concept of justice and the human body. Traditionally, theories of justice require individuals to transfer material resources to other individuals who are needier or worse off. But three technologies, organ transplantation, genetic engineering, and artificial wombs, have changed our obligations to one another. It appears that justice now requires us to subject our body to sometimes invasive procedures should others need our bodily resources, particular genes, or nutrients which we no longer want to provide through our body itself.
The Public and its Policies
Authors: Goodin Robert , Rein Martin , Moran Michael 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article examines a story of the limits of high ambition in policy studies and policy making. It looks at the way those limits have been appreciated and how more modest ambitions have been made. The article also examines the difficulties of modest learning and reveals some of the most basic truths: policy and policy making is mostly a matter of persuasion and policy is not only about arguing, but also about bargaining. Networked governance, choices under constraint, and democratic politics are some of the other topics covered in this article.
Policy Analysis as Puzzle Solving
Authors: Winship Christopher 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article attempts to describe another form of rationality that complements standard instrumental rationality. The article proposes an approach to policy analysis that would help in dealing with multiple and conflicting ends. It presents an analysis of the phenomena of puzzle solving, instead of developing an elaborate theory. The main focus of this analysis is the example of an individual or a group attempting to solve a jigsaw puzzle. An analysis of the specifics of putting together a jigsaw puzzle may help in understanding the problems that are involved in the form of policy analysis.
Agenda Setting
Authors: Majone Giandomenico 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article discusses agenda setting, and is organized into four main sections. The first section looks at the possibility that some individual or institution may hold exclusive power over the agenda. This is a possibility that is usually overlooked by analysts situated outside the rational choice framework. The second section puts emphasis on the links between the study of agenda setting and democratic theory. This is followed by a discussion of another issue that is not sufficiently researched by students of agenda setting, namely: the selection of priorities within the decision agenda. The last section in the article highlights the growing impact of international factors on the formation of national agendas.
Learning in Public Policy
Authors: Freeman Richard 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article discusses learning in public policy and aims to take stock of the different ways of thinking about learning in public policy. It examines the literature on convergence and diffusion between countries, which is important for distinguishing learning from other processes of development. The next topic discussed is Heclo's landmark study of political learning, which is described as ‘collective puzzling’. A third and different literature about learning as part of the ordinary business or practice of policy making is introduced. The article concludes with some reflections about the role of comparison in the process of learning across space and time.
The Tools of Government in the Information Age
Authors: Hood Christopher 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article studies the various tools of government in the Information Age. It identifies the three conventional approaches of the tools of government analysis: conceiving instruments as institutions, focusing on the politics of instrument selection, and cataloguing the tool kit in a more generic way than on the politics of instrument choice. It enumerates the three sets of issues related to the application of conventional analysis to Information-Age tools of government. Finally, the article tries to determine whether the Information Age has radically transformational or dynamic conservatism effects on the way government operates.
Historical Institutionalism
Authors: Sanders Elizabeth 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article studies the context where a new attention to institutional analysis emerged in the social sciences during the 1970s. It also examines the distinctions between historical institutionalism and its closest competitors — rational choice and quantitative cross-sectional analysis — as well as the search for agents of institutional maintenance and change. The last section of the article contains comments on the aspects of institutional development that have received too little attention.
The Reach of Political Economy
Authors: Weingast Barry R. , Wittman Donald A. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This introductory article discusses a set of issues and approaches that have provided interesting results, and are most likely to prompt a number of researches in the next few years. It first looks at the research conducted on endogenous institutions, before focusing on legislative institutions. It looks at the revelation and aggregation of information, where the discussion is focused on the voters, particularly the voters who are uninformed in one way or another. One section covers the evolutionary models of human and political behaviour. The final section of the article discusses and considers the spread of political economy into new areas of research.
Legislatures and Parliaments in Comparative Context
Authors: Laver Michael 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article discusses legislatures and parliaments in a comparative context. The first section begins with a study of parliamentary politics. It then moves on to legislative politics in the separation-of-powers regimes. The final portion of the article revisits this distinction in the context of the different types of empirical technique that can be used to measure policy positions of elected politicians.
Youthful experts? A critical appraisal of children's emerging internet literacy
Authors: Livingstone Sonia 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
The growing importance of the Internet in today's lives raises many questions for social scientists, policy makers, and the public regarding the implications for work, education, community, politics, family life, and social relationships. Yet the research literature provides only moderate evidence that the Internet is bringing about any great changes; rather, the emerging picture stresses the (unequal) social conditions that influence how we fit the Internet into our lives. The contrast between the above quotations illustrates, the gap between the hopes held out for the Internet and the realities of people's experiences. As research, especially in industrialized countries, begins to shift its focus from questions of access and diffusion to questions about the nature and quality of Internet use, attention is being directed towards the skills and competence that ‘using’ the Internet implies.