bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Medial Dorsal Cutaneous, Dorsal Sural, and Medial Plantar Nerves in Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Diabetic Patients With Normal Sural and Superficial Peroneal Nerve Responses
Authors: Im Sun , Kim Sung-Rae , Park Joo Hyun , Kim Yang Soo , Park Geun-Young 
Published: November 2011

OBJECTIVE
This study evaluated the nerve conduction study (NCS) parameters of the most distal sensory nerves of the lower extremities—namely, the medial dorsal cutaneous (MDC), dorsal sural (DS), and medial plantar (MP) nerves—in diabetic (DM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) patients who displayed normal findings on their routine NCSs.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Standard NCSs were performed on healthy control (HC), DM, and IGT groups (N = 147). The bilateral NCS parameters of the MDC, DS, and MP nerves were investigated. The Toronto Clinical Scoring System (TCSS) was assessed for the DM and IGT groups.

RESULTS
The mean TCSS scores of the IGT and DM groups were 2.5 ± 2.3 and 2.8 ± 2.2, respectively. No significant differences between the two groups were observed. After adjustment of age and BMI, the DM group showed significant NCS differences in DS and MDC nerves compared with the HC group (P &lt; 0.05). These differences were also exhibited in the left DS of the IGT group (P = 0.0003). More advanced NCS findings were observed in the DM group. Bilateral abnormal NCS responses in these distal sensory nerves were found in 40 and 16% of DM and IGT patients, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
These results showed that the simultaneous assessment of the most distal sensory nerves allowed the detection of early NCS changes in the IGT and DM groups, even when the routine NCS showed normal findings.
Short- and Long-Term Effects of Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Vigersky Robert A. , Fonda Stephanie J. , Chellappa Mary , Walker M. Susan , Ehrhardt Nicole M. 
Published: November 2011

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether short-time, real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) has long-term salutary glycemic effects in patients with type 2 diabetes who are not on prandial insulin.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a randomized controlled trial of 100 adults with type 2 diabetes who were not on prandial insulin. This study compared the effects of 12 weeks of intermittent RT-CGM with self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) on glycemic control over a 40-week follow-up period. Subjects received diabetes care from their regular provider without therapeutic intervention from the study team.

RESULTS
There was a significant difference in A1C at the end of the 3-month active intervention that was sustained during the follow-up period. The mean, unadjusted A1C decreased by 1.0, 1.2, 0.8, and 0.8% in the RT-CGM group vs. 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, and 0.2% in the SMBG group at 12, 24, 38, and 52 weeks, respectively (P = 0.04). There was a significantly greater decline in A1C over the course of the study for the RT-CGM group than for the SMBG group, after adjusting for covariates (P &lt; 0.0001). The subjects who used RT-CGM per protocol (≥48 days) improved the most (P &lt; 0.0001). The improvement in the RT-CGM group occurred without a greater intensification of medication compared with those in the SMBG group.

CONCLUSIONS
Subjects with type 2 diabetes not on prandial insulin who used RT-CGM intermittently for 12 weeks significantly improved glycemic control at 12 weeks and sustained the improvement without RT-CGM during the 40-week follow-up period, compared with those who used only SMBG.
Urinary F2-Isoprostanes as a Biomarker of Reduced Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Il'yasova Dora , Spasojevic Ivan , Base Karel , Zhang Haoyue , Wang Frances , Young Sarah P. , Millington David S. , D’Agostino Ralph B. , Wagenknecht Lynne E. 
Published: November 2011

OBJECTIVE
We have previously reported evidence of an inverse association between a urinary F2-isoprostane and type 2 diabetes risk in a pilot case-control study nested within the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS). Here, we report the results from the study extended to the entire IRAS cohort.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This prospective study included 138 incident type 2 diabetes case and 714 noncase subjects. Four F2-isoprostanes (iPF2α-III; 2,3-dinor-iPF2α-III; iPF2α-VI; and 8,12-iso-iPF2α-VI) were assayed in baseline urine samples using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.

RESULTS
Three F2-isoprostanes showed significant inverse associations with type 2 diabetes risk: the adjusted odds ratios were 0.52 (95% CI 0.39–0.67), 0.56 (0.42–0.73), 0.62 (0.48–0.79), and 0.91 (0.72–1.12) for iPF2α-III; 2,3-dinor-iPF2α-III; iPF2α-VI; and 8,12-iso-iPF2α-VI, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicate that urinary F2-isoprostanes are inversely associated with type 2 diabetes risk beyond the traditional risk factors and may be useful in identifying high-risk populations.
High Plasma 5-Hydroxyindole-3-Acetic Acid Concentrations in Subjects With Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Fukui Michiaki , Tanaka Muhei , Toda Hitoshi , Asano Mai , Yamazaki Masahiro , Hasegawa Goji , Imai Saeko , Nakamura Naoto 
Published: November 2011

OBJECTIVE
Serotonin mediates vasoconstriction and induces the activation of platelets, which may promote atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether plasma 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA; a derivative end product of serotonin) concentrations are high in subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to investigate the relationship between plasma 5-HIAA concentrations and clinical and biochemical metabolic parameters.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Plasma 5-HIAA concentrations were measured in 311 subjects (152 men and 159 women) recruited from the Oike Clinic, which provides regular health check-ups for employees. We evaluated the relationship between plasma 5-HIAA concentrations and clinical and biochemical metabolic parameters, including waist circumference, serum lipid concentrations, fasting plasma glucose, or blood pressure.

RESULTS
Plasma 5-HIAA concentrations were higher in subjects with MetS than in those without, in both men (6.5 ± 4.4 vs. 4.9 ± 1.3 ng/mL, P &lt; 0.005) and women (7.9 ± 6.5 vs. 5.2 ± 1.6 ng/mL, P &lt; 0.005). In men, fasting plasma glucose (r = 0.197, P = 0.0146) was positively correlated, whereas HDL cholesterol (r = −0.217, P = 0.0071) was negatively correlated, with logarithmic (log) (plasma 5-HIAA concentrations). In women, triglycerides (r = 0.252, P = 0.0013) and fasting plasma glucose (r = 0.344, P &lt; 0.0001) were positively correlated, whereas HDL cholesterol (r = −0.328, P &lt; 0.0001) was negatively correlated, with log (5-HIAA concentrations). Furthermore, log (plasma 5-HIAA concentrations) were higher in subjects with more components of MetS.

CONCLUSIONS
Plasma 5-HIAA concentrations are high in subjects with MetS, suggesting the potential importance of serotonin in the development of cardiovascular disease in MetS.
Nutrition Screening for Seniors in Health Care Facilities: A Survey of Health Professionals
Authors: Villalon Lita , Laporte Manon , Carrier Natalie 
Published: November 2011

Purpose: Several studies show that malnutrition is prevalent in health care facilities, especially among elderly patients and nursing home residents. Although validated screening tools exist, little evidence exists on the feasibility of implementing nutrition screening in health care facilities. We examined New Brunswick health care professionals’ perceptions of and practices involving nutrition screening in elderly clients, as well as barriers to screening.Methods: A survey was conducted with questionnaires intended for physicians, nurses, and dietitians.Results: Participants were 457 health care professionals (physicians, 34.6%; nurses, 50.3%; dietitians, 15.1%). Perceptions of nutrition screening varied. For example, most nurses (94.7%) and dietitians (98.5%) indicated that screening was important/ very important, while only 63.5% of physicians indicated this. Screening methods also differed among professionals and few used a screening tool. Several barriers to implementing nutrition screening were reported, such as lack of time, lack of professional resources, and clients’ short stays.Conclusions: These findings will help professionals address the feasibility of implementing standardized screening tools in health care facilities. A more consistent and systematic approach for detecting populations at high nutritional risk may result.
n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Increase: Thermic Effect of Food in Men with Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Matheson Kelly M. , Cutting Jennifer E. , Mazurak Vera C. , Robinson Lindsay E. , Buchholz Andrea C. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose: Effects on energy metabolism of a test meal and a two-week dietary intervention were observed in men with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Both the meal and the intervention included foods containing fish-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fats (PUFA).Methods: Six men with MetS (46.7 ± 12.1 years, 37.2 ± 5.6 kg/m2, mean ± standard deviation) completed two test days, separated by a 14-day dietary intervention during which they consumed at least 2.0 g per day of n-3 PUFA from supplied foods. Pre- and post-intervention measurements included body composition, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and the thermic effect of food (TEF) measured for six hours after ingestion of a test meal consisting of 1.43 g of fish-derived n-3 PUFA.Results: Intakes of n-3 PUFA increased over the 14-day intervention, from 0.43 g per day ± 0.48 to 2.92 g per day ± 1.97 (p=0.013), while no changes were observed in total energy intakes, weight, body composition, or RMR (all p>0.05). The TEF increased by 51.3% (p=0.036), and the non-protein respiratory quotient decreased by 36.0% (p=0.700).Conclusions: Subjects increased their intake of fish-derived n-3 PUFA in an isocaloric manner while maintaining body weight and composition, and increased the TEF. More studies with larger sample sizes and longer intervention periods are required to confirm the use of fish-derived n-3 PUFA as a therapeutic dietary strategy for people with MetS.
Implementing Elementary School Nutrition Policy: Principals’ Perspectives
Authors: Taylor Jennifer P. , MacLellan Debbie , Caiger Jane Mary , Hernandez Kimberley , McKenna Mary , Gray Bob , Veugelers Paul 
Published: November 2011

Purpose: We assessed principals’ perceptions about the level of school nutrition policy (SNP) implementation in Prince Edward Island elementary schools, objectively evaluated how closely elementary schools are following SNP regulations for types and frequency of foods offered at school, and explored principals’ beliefs about the key enablers and barriers to SNP implementation. Methods: Phase I involved a cross-sectional survey of principals’ assessment of perceived and actual adherence to SNP components. Phase II included in-depth interviews to explore principals’ perceptions about factors influencing policy adherence. Descriptive statistics were generated. Thematic content analysis was used to identify themes. Results: Forty-one (93%) principals participated in Phase I, and nine of these participated in Phase II. The level of implementation of SNP components varied. Seventy-four percent of all foods sold were categorized as allowed by the SNP; 68% of schools sold at least one “not allowed” food. Key barriers included lost revenue, a higher cost of healthy foods, and limited availability of policy-allowed foods. Enablers were a high level of community support, ready access to food suppliers, and active parent volunteers. Conclusions: While schools are making progress in implementing the SNP, challenges remain. Identifying and communicating strategies for healthy fundraising activities and finding ways to involve parents in SNP implementation are recommended.
Offre de formation dans le second cycle court et décentralisation
Authors: Agulhon Catherine 
Published: November 2011

Professional training in colleges and decentralization.

Since 1984, we have been assisting in a rapid evolution of professional training in colleges. This tendency, of a great importance in the basic industrial specialities, is under pressure from economic sector.
The two determining factors are :
- the regional effect, amplified by decentralization and the influence by the weight of history ;
- the educational establishment effect. Its importance is essential in the evolution of professional training. The author studies the application of the institutional directives at different scales : region, training basin, establishment.
Explaining Geographical Disparities in Educational Achievement: A case Study of East London
Authors: Curtis Sarah , Pindar Sorrel C. 
Published: November 2011

Les quartiers est de Londres : contribution à l'étude des disparités géographiques dans les performances éducatives.

Ce papier présente un résumé des études qui ont mis en exergue des différences régionales de scolarité en Grande-Bretagne.
On observe des écarts importants entre les élèves des zones rurales ou péri-urbaines et ceux qui habitent le centre des grandes villes. Ces écarts sont liés aux caractéristiques socio-économiques de ces populations, notamment à la classe socio-professionnelle et à l'ethnicité.
Ces derniers facteurs sont aussi liés aux inégalités de conditions de vie et aux caractéristiques culturelles.
On peut prendre comme exemple la population des Bengalis qui habitent l'arrondissement de Tower Hamlets à Londres. C'est une des populations les plus démunies de Grande-Bretagne, ce qui est cause de difficultés pour les responsables locaux de l'éducation.
En dépit de leur situation très défavorisée, les élèves bengalis réussissent mieux à l'école que prévu.
Néanmoins, leur formation n'est guère optimale. Le principe d'égalité nécessite un système local d'éducation qui soit mieux adapté aux besoins spécifiques des écoliers bengalis dans ce quartier.
Approches historiques de la mortalité européenne
Authors: Comiti Vincent-Pierre 
Published: November 2011

An Historical Review of European Mortality.
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This paper describes the méthodologie progress of mortality studies since the XVIIth century. Mortality has been first studied according to social and economic patterns and to caracteristics of people . From the second part of the XlXth century, research on the spatial and social variations of mortality, the most famous of which were those of J. Bertillon, became gradually eclipsed by research on medical causes of diseases. It is only in last XXth century that the first preoccupation has been again taken into consideration.
Quand les variations géographiques de la surmortalité masculine contredisent son évolution dans le temps
Authors: Vallin Jacques 
Published: November 2011

Geographical Variations of Male Overmortality are Inconsistent with its Evolution in Process of Time.

The higher life expectancy at birth is, the smaller the gap between males and females is, but the more life expectancy increases, the more the gap increases! History is inconsistent . with geography. Yet this strange paradox is not entirely unex- plainable.
Indeed, on one hand, the geographical variations of male overmortality are mainly connected with some factors particularly harmful to males and the life expectancy gap between sexes is wide where male life expectancy is less high. But on the other hand, a male overmortality getting worse in the process of time depends more on a group of factors particularly favourable to females and the gap between sexes is getting deeper as female life expectancy is getting higher.
Urban/Rural Disparities in Male Surmortality in Hungary
Authors: Daróczi Etelka 
Published: November 2011

Based on data of life expectancy at birth in Hungary, the paper analyses the spatial stability of higher male surmortality in villages than in towns or in Budapest. (In 1987, Hungarian men lived 9,909 years less than women in villages, 7,55 years less in towns or 7,06 years less in Budapest). The paper examines :
1 . To what extent can high male mortality alone "explain" male surmortality in urban and in rural areas (or: does the geographical pattern of male mortality differ from that of male surmortality?);
2. How is male surmortality in large cities affected by their regional location?
3. Is there an "optimal" settlement size group considering male and female mortality both individually and jointly?
Géographie de la mortalité liée à l'alcoolisme : évolution 1962-1982
Authors: Meslé France 
Published: November 2011

Evolution of Mortality due to Alcoholism: Evolution between 1962 and 1982.

In France, at the national level, a lower alcohol consumption, effective since the end of the 50s, has been followed by a lower mortality due to medical causes directly bound to alcohol. At the local level, an almost general decrease in mortality between 1962 and 1982 can be found too.
But, the mortality geography bound to alcohol without being totally changed is reshaped. A North lune with a high mortality opposed to a low mortality is always to be found, whereas Normandy and Alsace don't belong anymore to the under priviliged regions, the comparative situation of the North of France and the Central Massif was getting worse. Mortality due to oesophagus cancer has not yet really begun to decrease. Its geogra- phical distribution very different from the outlines of the other causes bound to alcohol in 1962 has become very similar to those in 1982.
Évolution des inégalités géographiques de la mortalité en France depuis 1911
Authors: Tonnellier François 
Published: November 2011

Les inégalités géographiques s'inscrivent dans une histoire.
Des évolutions du taux de mortalité comparative, calculé selon la même méthodologie que celle utilisée aujourd'hui ont été trouvées pour 1911, 1921, 1936, 1946, 1953, 1962, 1968, 1982. Ces inégalités ont continué leur progression sans relâche et la carte de France a pris progressivement la forme qui nous est familière aujourd'hui. On pourrait éventuellement expliquer ce phénomène en signalant l'importance de l'industrie dans le Nord, le développement de la médecine dans le Sud ainsi que dans la région parisienne, un effort inégal en matière d'hygiène entre les régions (approvisionnement en eau), les différences régionales de modes de vie.
Regional disparities in mortality : the case of North Rhine- Westphalia and Rhineland-Palatinate
Authors: Heins Frank 
Published: November 2011

Disparités régionales de la mortalité : le cas de la Rhénanie-Nord-Westphalie et de la Rhénanie-Palatinat.

Cet article examine les disparités interrégionales de la mortalité en 1979-1981 en Rhénanie du Nord-Westphalie et en Rhénanie-Palatinat, deux Etats de la République Fédérale Allemande.
Il a pour objectif la présentation et l'analyse des répartitions régionales de la mortalité par sexe, âge et cause de décès. On a examiné la migration interrégionale en tant que biais pour l'étude des différentiels régionaux de la mortalité. Les relations statistiques entre la densité de population, considérée comme un indicateur socio- économique général, et différents taux de mortalité spécifiques selon le sexe et l'âge ont été étudiées.
On a constaté qu'elles varient considérablement selon les causes de décès, ici accidents de la route et cancer du poumon.
Morbidité-mortalité en Espagne
Authors: Faus-Pujol Maria-Carmen 
Published: November 2011

La mortalité se manifeste comme un facteur démographique négatif et impossible à éliminer. Malgré cela, l'allongement de la vie est une des caractéristiques démographiques des pays développés, comme c'est le cas de l'Espagne.
Le taux actuel de la mortalité en Espagne est l'un des plus bas d'Europe ; néanmoins, il faut remarquer des différences notables d'une province à l'autre, et pas seulement de la mortalité mais aussi de la morbidité. Les maladies ayant le plus d'incidence sur la mortalité globale de la population espagnole sont celles de l'appareil circulatoire, les maladies tumorales et respiratoires. Cependant on peut entrevoir certaines caractéristiques de différenciation des niveaux de la morbidité dans le pays et leurs effets sur la mortalité.
Niveaux et causes de mortalité dans les provinces espagnoles
Authors: Blanco Maria Augustina , Farre Mireia 
Published: November 2011

Mortality Levels and Causes in the Spanish Provinces.

The paper draws mortality per age and per cause evolution in Spain since 1960 and gives an account of the changes in mortality levels and profiles. It analyses the effect of the different causes of death on mortality's overall evolution which, on the whole, matches the mortality in the other European countries.
It establishes different regional groups with low or poor but strongly marked mortalities.
Les franges périurbaines en Belgique, quelques éléments de recherche concernant leur délimitation, leur population et leurs caractéristiques sociales
Authors: Van der Haegen Herman 
Published: November 2011

Periurban areas are becoming more and more important in Belgium. The fringe of large and medium-sized cities includes at least 40 % of the Belgian territory and one third of the kingdom population lives there.
As a result of life cycle-related migratory movements and better family housing, the age structure of the fringe is characterised by a high number of families with children. Periurban areas are also part of a strong social gradient.
The wave pattern observed here is similar to the demographic one but there is a significant time lag between the demographic and the social waves.
Population change in the suburbanized areas of the Federal Republic of Germany with special reference to Hamburg (1970-1987)
Authors: Gans Paul 
Published: November 2011

The population development at the county level between 1970 and 1987 demonstrates convincingly the influence of suburbanization on spatial population shifts. The central cities in the metropolitan areas had the greatest population losses, whereas the counties in their environs registered gains of almost 50 % in some cases. These population changes originating in intraregional migration lose their dynamism in the 1980s, particularly in metropolitan areas with unfavorable economic structures.
This paper shows at the county level for the Federal republic of Germany as a whole and especially for the example of the metropolitan area of Hamburg that the suburbanization process continued to spread and thus affected communes lying farther from the central cities and that it caused progressive spatial segregation within the agglomerations according to demographic and social characteristics.
Changements socio-démographiques dans la frange périurbaine de Madrid.
Authors: Garcia Ballesteros Aurora , Del Pozo Rivera E. 
Published: November 2011

Socio-demographic shifts inside Madrid peri-urban fringe.

In this century, Madrid city has seen a tremendous development, especially from 1940 to 1975. This development has provoked the forming of an internal peri- urban fringe, where nearly all the land is urbanised, more towards the periphery, an area of non-rural residences and daily commuting and still further on a fringe of secondary residences. Nearly all the territory of the Madrid Community is today enclosed inside the peri-urban area, by one or another right, while in 1975 some parts of this Community were still faced with a depopulation caused by a rural exodus.
The population growth of the peri-urban fringe is more and more mainly due to the sole deconcentration of Madrid. The active population of the Community has moved towards the tertiary sector during the last decade, including in the traditionally industrial peri-urban municipalities.
La Réunion se rapproche de la France
Authors: Colliez Jean-Paul 
Published: November 2011

Le nouveau statut a fortement contribué à la transformation de la société réunionnaise et à son enrichissement, expliquant en grande partie l'évolution de sa démographie. La convergence avec l'ensemble national est observée à partir de trois indicateurs :
- la mortalité,
- la fécondité et ses incertitudes,
- le rapport à l'emploi des Réunionnais et surtout des Réunionnaises, particulièrement significatif de l'avancée vers une société plus occidentalisée.