bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Baseline characteristics and hospital mortality in the Acute Heart Failure Database (AHEAD) Main registry
Authors: Spinar Jindrich , Parenica Jiri , Vitovec Jiri , Widimsky Petr , Linhart Ales , Fedorco Marian , Malek Filip , Cihalik Cestmír , Spinarová Lenka , Miklik Roman , Felsoci Marian , Bambuch Miroslav , Dusek Ladislav , Jarkovsky Jiri 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Introduction
The prognosis of patients hospitalized with acute heart failure (AHF) is poor and risk stratification may help clinicians guide care. The objectives of the Acute Heart Failure Database (AHEAD) registry are to assess patient characteristics, etiology, treatment and outcome of AHF.

Methods
The AHEAD main registry includes patients hospitalized for AHF in seven centers with a Catheterization Laboratory Service in the Czech Republic. The data were collected from September 2006 to October 2009. The inclusion criteria for the database adhere to the European guidelines for AHF (2005) and patients were systematically classified according to the basic syndromes, type and etiology of AHF.

Results
Of 4,153 patients, 12.7% died during hospitalization. The median length of hospitalization was 7.1 days. Mean age of patients was 71.5 ± 12.4 years; men were younger (68.6 ± 12.4 years) compared to women (75.5 ± 11.5 years) (P < 0.001). De-novo heart failure was seen in 58.3% of the patients. According to the classification of heart failure syndromes, acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) was reported in 55.3%, hypertensive AHF in 4.4%, pulmonary edema in 18.4%, cardiogenic shock in 14.7%, high output failure in 3.3%, and right heart failure in 3.8%. The mortality of cardiogenic shock was 62.7%, of right AHF 16.7%, of pulmonary edema 7.1%, of high output HF 6.1%, whereas the mortality of hypertensive AHF or ADHF was < 2.5%. According to multivariate analyses, low systolic blood pressure, low cholesterol level, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, the use of inotropic agents and norepinephrine were predictive parameters for in-hospital mortality in patients without cardiogenic shock. Severe left ventricular dysfunction and renal insufficiency were predictive parameters for mortality in patients with cardiogenic shock. Invasive ventilation and age over 70 years were the most important predictive factors for mortality in both genders with or without cardiogenic shock.

Conclusions
The AHEAD Main registry provides up-to-date information on the etiology, treatment and hospital outcomes of patients hospitalized with AHF. The results highlight the highest risk patients.
An analysis of the rebound of the body in backward human running
Authors: Cavagna G. A. , Legramandi M. A. , La Torre A. 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARY
Step frequency and energy expenditure are greater in backward running than in forward running. The differences in the motion of the centre of mass of the body associated with these findings are not known. These differences were measured here on nine trained subjects during backward and forward running steps on a force platform at 3–17 km h–1. In contrast to previous reports, we found that the maximal upward acceleration of the centre of mass and the aerial phase, averaged over the whole speed range, are greater in backward running than in forward running (15.7 versus 13.2 m s–2, P=1.9×10–6 and 0.098 versus 0.072 s, P=2.4×10–5, respectively). Opposite to forward running, the impulse on the ground is directed more vertically during the push at the end of stance than during the brake at the beginning of stance. The higher step frequency in backward running is explained by a greater mass-specific vertical stiffness of the bouncing system (499 versus 352 s–2, P=2.3×10–11) resulting in a shorter duration of the lower part of the vertical oscillation of the centre of mass when the force is greater than body weight, with a similar duration of the upper part when the force is lower than body weight. As in a catapult, muscle–tendon units are stretched more slowly during the brake at the beginning of stance and shorten more rapidly during the push at the end of stance. We suggest that the catapult-like mechanism of backward running, although requiring greater energy expenditure and not providing a smoother ride, may allow a safer stretch–shorten cycle of muscle–tendon units.
An integrative modeling approach to elucidate suction-feeding performance
Authors: Holzman Roi , Collar David C. , Mehta Rita S. , Wainwright Peter C. 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYResearch on suction-feeding performance has mostly focused on measuring individual underlying components such as suction pressure, flow velocity, ram or the effects of suction-induced forces on prey movement during feeding. Although this body of work has advanced our understanding of aquatic feeding, no consensus has yet emerged on how to combine all of these variables to predict prey-capture performance. Here, we treated the aquatic predator–prey encounter as a hydrodynamic interaction between a solid particle (representing the prey) and the unsteady suction flows around it, to integrate the effects of morphology, physiology, skull kinematics, ram and fluid mechanics on suction-feeding performance. We developed the suction-induced force-field (SIFF) model to study suction-feeding performance in 18 species of centrarchid fishes, and asked what morphological and functional traits underlie the evolution of feeding performance on three types of prey. Performance gradients obtained using SIFF revealed that different trait combinations contribute to the ability to feed on attached, evasive and (strain-sensitive) zooplanktonic prey because these prey types impose different challenges on the predator. The low overlap in the importance of different traits in determining performance also indicated that the evolution of suction-feeding ability along different ecological axes is largely unconstrained. SIFF also yielded estimates of feeding ability that performed better than kinematic traits in explaining natural patterns of prey use. When compared with principal components describing variation in the kinematics of suction-feeding events, SIFF output explained significantly more variation in centrarchid diets, suggesting that the inclusion of more mechanistic hydrodynamic models holds promise for gaining insight into the evolution of aquatic feeding performance.
The occurrence of two types of fast skeletal myosin heavy chains from abdominal muscle of kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus and their different tissue distribution
Authors: Koyama Hiroki , Akolkar Dadasaheb B. , Shiokai Takafumi , Nakaya Misako , Piyapattanakorn Sanit , Watabe Shugo 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARY
Shrimps belong to the class Crustacea, which forms a large, diverse group in the invertebrates. However, the physiology and biochemistry of their skeletal muscles have been poorly understood compared with those from vertebrates including mammals and fish. The present study focused on myosin, the major protein in skeletal muscle, from adult specimens of kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus. Two types of the gene encoding myosin heavy chain (MHC), a large subunit of the myosin molecule, were cloned from abdominal fast skeletal muscle and defined as MHCa and MHCb. Protein analysis revealed that the MHCa isoform was expressed at a higher level than the MHCb isoform. The full-length cDNA clones of MHCa and MHCb consisted of 5929 bp and 5955 bp, respectively, which encoded 1912 and 1910 amino acids, respectively. Both were classified into fast muscle type by comparison with the partially deduced amino acid sequences of fast-type and slow-type (S1, slow twitch) MHCs reported previously for the American lobster Homarus americanus. The amino acid identities between MHCa and MHCb of kuruma shrimp were 78%, 60% and 72% in the regions of subfragment-1, subfragment-2 and light meromyosin, respectively, and 71% in total. In situ hybridisation using anti-sense RNA-specific probes, along with northern blot analysis using different tissues from abdominal muscle, revealed the different localisation of MHCa and MHCb transcripts in abdominal fast skeletal muscle, suggesting their distinct physiological functions.
Incidence, Predictive Factors, and Prognosis of Chondrosarcoma in Patients with Ollier Disease and Maffucci Syndrome: An International Multicenter Study of 161 Patients
Authors: Verdegaal Suzan H.M. , Bovée Judith V.M.G. , Pansuriya Twinkal C. , Grimer Robert J. , Ozger Harzem , Jutte Paul C. , San Julian Mikel , Biau David J. , Geest Ingrid C.M. , Leithner Andreas , Streitbürger Arne , Klenke Frank M. , Gouin Francois G. , Campanacci Domenico A. , Marec-Berard Perrine , Hogendoorn Pancras C.W. , Brand Ronald , Taminiau Antonie H.M. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe major enchondroma distribution patterns that were identified in this study.Identify variables that are predictive for the secondary transformation of enchondroma over the lifetime of individuals with Ollier disease or Maffucci syndrome.
CME This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com

Background.
Enchondromatosis is characterized by the presence of multiple benign cartilage lesions in bone. While Ollier disease is typified by multiple enchondromas, in Maffucci syndrome these are associated with hemangiomas. Studies evaluating the predictive value of clinical symptoms for development of secondary chondrosarcoma and prognosis are lacking. This multi-institute study evaluates the clinical characteristics of patients, to get better insight on behavior and prognosis of these diseases.

Method.
A retrospective study was conducted using clinical data of 144 Ollier and 17 Maffucci patients from 13 European centers and one national databank supplied by members of the European Musculoskeletal Oncology Society.

Results.
Patients had multiple enchondromas in the hands and feet only (group I, 18%), in long bones including scapula and pelvis only (group II, 39%), and in both small and long/flat bones (group III, 43%), respectively. The overall incidence of chondrosarcoma thus far is 40%. In group I, only 4 patients (15%) developed chondrosarcoma, in contrast to 27 patients (43%) in group II and 26 patients (46%) in group III, respectively. The risk of developing chondrosarcoma is increased when enchondromas are located in the pelvis (odds ratio, 3.8; p = 0.00l).

Conclusions.
Overall incidence of development of chondrosarcoma is 40%, but may, due to age-dependency, increase when considered as a lifelong risk. Patients with enchondromas located in long bones or axial skeleton, especially the pelvis, have a seriously increased risk of developing chondrosarcoma, and are identified as the population that needs regular screening on early detection of malignant transformation.
A Descriptive Study of Institutional Characteristics of the Introductory Accounting Course
Authors: Duchac Jonathan E. , Amoruso Anthony J. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT
Introductory accounting has historically been a foundational course in most undergraduate business curriculums. In many cases, the course serves as a prerequisite for all upper-level business and accounting courses. However, no current public data exist on the structure and characteristics of introductory accounting across a large sample of institutions. This study begins to fill this void by providing descriptive data on institutional characteristics of the introductory accounting course. Data are collected on seven different dimensions of the course suggested by the recommendations of the Accounting Education Change Commission (AECC) and recent trends in higher education: course size and staffing, pedagogical orientation/teaching approach, standardization of course elements across instructors, the textbook selection process, use of technology-based course management tools, off-site course delivery, and transfer credit acceptance. In some cases, the current data can be compared to previous research that examined similar characteristics. The resulting data can provide instructors, administrators, and researchers with a useful benchmark for developing teaching plans, curriculum, and future academic research.
Using a Social Enterprise Service-Learning Strategy in an Introductory Management Accounting Course
Authors: Zamora Valentina L. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT
The accounting profession has long called for learning strategies that actively develop students' critical analysis and problem-solving skills in unstructured settings (Accounting Education Change Commission [AECC] 1990), and where learning outcomes map into American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) (2000) core competencies. This paper proposes the use of a service-learning strategy in the introductory management accounting course. This learning strategy reflects the Institute of Management Accountants' (IMA) new definition of management accounting as a strategic imperative (IMA 2008), and responds to Rama's (1998) monograph revealing limited examples of service-learning in management accounting. In addition, this paper proposes that faculty work with real social enterprises that sell goods and services for profit and in support of a broader social mission. I argue that relative to working on nonprofit/government cases, working in the social enterprise setting may offer students a more tractable transition from the for-profit examples in many textbooks. I also argue that relative to working on for-profit cases, working in the social enterprise setting may provide students access to proprietary data used internally for managerial decision-making. The pedagogy of service-learning in the accounting curriculum and its relevance to that proposed in this paper is discussed. Generalized service-learning planning documents, examples, adaptations of case study questions, and a responsibility checklist are provided. Implementation guidelines that address key stakeholder barriers to success (Kenworthy-U'Ren 2008) are discussed, and examples of social enterprise service-learning implementations are presented. Post-implementation survey responses from students suggest that the social enterprise service-learning experience positively affected their learning of specific management accounting concepts, issues faced by mission-driven organizations, and how they can uniquely contribute by applying what they learn.
Integrated Accounting Principles: A Best Practices Course for Introductory Accounting
Authors: Warren D. Lee , Young Marilyn N. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT
For many years, the accounting profession has encouraged accounting educators to rethink the introductory accounting principles courses. In response, accounting educators have developed strategies for enhancing the first courses, including: a new sequence for the course topics, active learning pedagogies, an emphasis on critical thinking, use of simulations, use of articles from the business press, and a reduced emphasis on debits and credits. Individually, each of these innovations moves us closer to the ideal course envisioned by the leaders in the profession, but what if all of these innovations were combined into the learning goals of a single principles course? The purpose of this paper is to describe a best practices course entitled “Integrated Accounting Principles” (IAP). This course focuses on accounting knowledge and skills development in the learning goals, and is taught with an active learning pedagogy in a six-hour format. This course draws on many innovative learning strategies from the accounting and education literature, as well as a few new and adapted tactics. In addition, the course is aligned with the goals outlined by the accounting profession and encourages a high level of student engagement.
High-Dose Aspirin Is Required to Influence Plasma Fibrin Network Structure in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Tehrani Sara , Antovic Aleksandra , Mobarrez Fariborz , Mageed Koteiba , Lins Per-Eric , Adamson Ulf , Wallén Håkan N. , Jörneskog Gun 
Published: December 2011

OBJECTIVE
Patients with type 1 diabetes form a less permeable fibrin network, which could contribute to their increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Low-dose aspirin treatment is the standard in the management of CVD; however, the effect seems reduced in patients with diabetes. We investigated the effects of low- and high-dose aspirin treatment on fibrin network formation in patients with type 1 diabetes (primary aim) and the possible interaction between the treatment effects of aspirin on fibrin network permeability and glycemic control in these patients (secondary aim).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Forty-eight patients (24 subjects with good [HbA1c &lt;7.4%] and 24 subjects with poor [HbA1c &gt;8.4%] glycemic control) were randomly assigned to treatment with 75 or 320 mg/day aspirin during 4 weeks in a crossover fashion. A 4-week washout period separated the treatment periods. The plasma fibrin network was assessed by determination of the permeability coefficient (Ks).

RESULTS
Treatment with 75 mg aspirin did not influence fibrin network permeability (Ks). However, Ks increased significantly during treatment with 320 mg aspirin (P = 0.004), and a significant treatment effect was seen compared with treatment with 75 mg aspirin (P = 0.009). The increase in Ks during high-dose aspirin treatment was significant in patients with poor glycemic control (P = 0.02), whereas Ks only tended to increase in patients with good glycemic control (P = 0.06).

CONCLUSIONS
A high dose of aspirin is required to influence fibrin network permeability in patients with type 1 diabetes. The observed lack of effect with low-dose aspirin may contribute to aspirin treatment failure in diabetes.
Total and High-Molecular-Weight Adiponectin and Risk of Incident Diabetes in Older People
Authors: Kizer Jorge R. , Arnold Alice M. , Benkeser David , Ix Joachim H. , Djousse Luc , Zieman Susan J. , Barzilay Joshua I. , Tracy Russell P. , Mantzoros Christos S. , Siscovick David S. , Mukamal Kenneth J. 
Published: December 2011

OBJECTIVE
To delineate the associations of total adiponectin, high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin, and the HMW-to-total adiponectin ratio with diabetes in older adults.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Total and HMW adiponectin were measured in a population-based study of older adults. The relations of total adiponectin, HMW adiponectin, and their ratio with incident diabetes (n = 309) were assessed in 3,802 individuals.

RESULTS
Total and HMW adiponectin were highly correlated (r = 0.94). Analysis using cubic splines revealed that the associations between total and HMW adiponectin and new-onset diabetes were not linear. Specifically, after adjustment for confounders, there were similar inverse relationships for total (hazard ratio per SD 0.49 [95% CI 0.39–0.63]) and HMW adiponectin (0.42 [0.32–0.56]) with diabetes up to values of 20 and 10 mg/L, respectively, above which the associations plateaued. These associations persisted after adjustment for potential mediators (blood pressure, lipids, C-reactive protein, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]). There was, however, evidence of interaction by HOMA-IR in the lower range of adiponectin, with stronger inverse associations among insulin-sensitive than insulin-resistant participants. HMW-to-total adiponectin ratio showed a linear adjusted association with outcome, but this was abolished by inclusion of mediating variables.

CONCLUSIONS
In this older cohort, increasing concentrations of total and HMW adiponectin were associated with comparably lower risks of diabetes, but these associations leveled off with further increases above concentrations of 20 and 10 mg/L, respectively. The more pronounced risk decreases at the lower range among participants without insulin resistance support a role for adiponectin that is independent of baseline hyperinsulinemia, but this will require further investigation.
Non-Calcified Coronary Plaque Volume Inversely Related to Cd4+ T-Cell Count in HIV Infection
Authors: Duarte Horacio , Matta Jatin R , Muldoon Nancy , Masur Henry , Hadigan Colleen , Gharib Ahmed M 
Published: December 2011

Background Non-calcified coronary artery plaque (NCAP) might be an important predictor of cardiovascular events; however, few studies have directly measured NCAP in HIV-infected individuals. Methods We completed a prospective cross-sectional evaluation of NCAP and coronary calcium scores using computed tomography angiography in HIV-infected patients ( n=26) without known coronary artery disease (CAD), but who had one or more CAD risk factor(s), and compared them with controls matched on age, race, sex, body mass index and Framingham Risk Score ( n=26). Results There was no difference in coronary calcium scores (114 ±218 versus 124 ±298; P=0.89) or NCAP volume (65 ±86 mm3 versus 63 ±82 mm3; P=0.38) between HIV-infected patients and controls, respectively. Among HIV-infected patients, lower CD4+ T-cell count was associated with increased NCAP volume ( r=-0.52, P=0.006). The CD4+ T-cell count remained a significant predictor of NCAP in a multivariate analysis that adjusted for age and duration of antiretroviral therapy. Conclusions Plaque burden is similar between HIV-infected and uninfected individuals when matched on traditional CAD risk factors; however, immune function might mediate the development of atherosclerosis in HIV infection.
Stages of Change, Decisional Balance, and Self-Efficacy across Four Health Behaviors in a Worksite Environment
Authors: Herrick Andrew B. , Stone William J. , Mettler Miles M. 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. This study examined differences in decisional balance and self-efficacy scores across the five stages of change and across four health behaviors (exercise, protection from sun exposure, smoking, and dietary fat consumption), and explored the relationship between the frequency of subjects at each stage across four health behaviors. Design. Data for this study were collected as part of a health behavior survey of employees. Setting. The study was conducted in a municipal government worksite in Arizona. Subjects. A total of 393 employees completed the survey. The sample was predominantly white (84.9%) and male (64.4%), with an average age of 42.2 years and a median annual household income of between $40,000 and $59,999. Measures. Previously validated questions to measure stages of change, decisional balance, and self-efficacy were administered, along with questions about demographic variables. Results. Significant differences were found for decisional balance and self-efficacy scores across the five stages of change, but they were not significantly different between the four health behaviors. A minority of subjects (18.6%) were in the same stage of change for all four health behaviors. Conclusions. This study provides preliminary evidence that there is considerable stage specificity across multiple health behaviors. Because employees at each stage of change possess differences in terms of their pros, cons, and self-efficacy, wellness programs need to focus on stage-specific interventions.