bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery for acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Nussbaum Eric S. , Janjua Tariq M. , Defillo Archie , Lowary Jody L. , Nussbaum Leslie A. 
Published: June 2009

Object
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of urgent extracranial-intracranial (ECIC) bypass in the management of intracranial cerebrovascular disease and acute cerebral ischemic injury in carefully selected patients.

Methods
The authors reviewed the medical records and neuroimaging studies in 13 consecutive patients who underwent urgent surgical cerebral revascularization to treat acute cerebral ischemia. None were thought to be appropriate candidates for endovascular therapy. The patients' ages ranged from 21 to 65 years (mean 41.2 years). The mean follow-up review was 3.5 years, and no patient was lost to follow-up.

Results
Preoperative angiographic evaluation identified critical narrowing of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA) in 8 patients, the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in 3, and the cervical/petrous ICA in 2. All patients had progressive, refractory symptoms associated with enlarging areas of infarction on diffusion weighted MR imaging, despite maximal medical therapy, which included anticoagulation and antiplatelet agents, blood pressure elevation, and fluid resuscitation. All patients underwent superficial temporal artery–MCA anastomosis on an urgent basis. In every case, the bypass prevented further stroke progression. In 2 cases, revascularization was followed by rapid, dramatic improvement of preoperative neurological deficits.

Conclusions
In the authors' experience, emergency EC-IC bypass in patients with acute ischemic injury was both safe and effective. This population was characterized by relatively young patients with severely limited collateral circulation. In this series of 13 carefully selected patients, bypass was successful in arresting progression of stroke, and in some cases resulted in rapid neurological improvement.
Multinodular/plexiform (multifascicular) schwannomas of major peripheral nerves: an underrecognized part of the spectrum of schwannomas
Authors: Hébert-Blouin Marie-Noëlle , Amrami Kimberly K. , Scheithauer Bernd W. , Spinner Robert J. 
Published: June 2009

Object
In clinical practice, schwannomas are among the most common types of nerve sheath tumors. Their clinical presentation, imaging characteristics, and operative features are well known. Over the past 20 years, clinical outcomes have improved due to resection of these tumors at a fascicular level. Despite these advances, a subgroup of patients with schwannomas is associated with a disappointing neurological outcome following resection. The purpose of this study was to correlate the imaging and histological features in this group of patients with more anatomically complex forms of schwannomas.

Methods
In a retrospective review performed at their institution over a 10-year period, the authors found a subgroup of patients with complex multinodular/plexiform schwannomas affecting major peripheral nerves. Eleven patients were identified, and the clinical, imaging, and pathological features of their disease were reviewed.

Results
The clinical presentation of multinodular/plexiform schwannomas of major peripheral nerves may be similar to that of conventional schwannomas, but their imaging features, operative appearance, and outcomes differ.

Conclusions
Preoperatively and intraoperatively, the distinguishing features of multinodular/plexiform schwannomas of major peripheral nerves may be subtle and can easily go unrecognized, thus explaining the often suboptimal surgical results. Familiarity with the imaging and operative features of multinodular/plexiform schwannomas will no doubt alter treatment approaches and improve neurological function in this subgroup of patients.
Bifunctional Guanidine via an Amino Amide Skeleton for Asymmetric Michael Reactions of β‐Ketoesters with Nitroolefins: A Concise Synthesis of Bicyclic β‐Amino Acids
Authors: Yu Zhipeng , Liu Xiaohua , Zhou Lin , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTwo activations are better than one: The chiral bifunctional guanidine 1, which features an amino amide backbone, catalyzes the asymmetric Michael addition of a range of substrates and gives products with excellent stereoselectivities. The method also allows the efficient synthesis of optically pure β‐amino acid esters. Both the guanidine group and the NH proton of the amide were important for the dual activation.magnified image
The Assembly of Macrocyclic Bis‐ and Tetra‐β‐lactams with Embedded Platinum or Palladium Square‐Planar Centers
Authors: Pellico Daniel , Gómez‐Gallego Mar , Ramírez‐López Pedro , Mancheño María José , Sierra Miguel A. , Torres M. Rosario 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe synthesis, isolation, and full characterization of different types of stable, metal‐assembled macrocyclic β‐lactams are reported. By using adequately functionalized bis‐β‐lactams with defined stereochemistry as building blocks, a series of mono‐ and bimetallic Pd and Pt macrocycles has been prepared in good to quantitative yields. These novel structures combine the β‐lactam moiety with transition‐metal fragments with cis‐square‐planar geometry and constitute a new class of metal‐assembled cavities involving molecules with biological relevance as building blocks. By combining the adequate ligands, metallic fragments, and tuning the reaction conditions, different mono‐ and bimetallic macrocyclic β‐lactam cavities can be selectively obtained. Macrocycles with Pt–ethynyl groups are suitable to form host–silver triflate guest complexes in a tweezer fashion.
Dynamic Molecular Tweezers Composed of Dibenzocyclooctatetraene Units: Synthesis, Properties, and Thermochromism in Host–Guest Complexes
Authors: Nishiuchi Tomohiko , Kuwatani Yoshiyuki , Nishinaga Tohru , Iyoda Masahiko 
Published: June 2009

AbstractNovel dynamic molecular tweezers (DMTs) 3 a, 3 b, 4 a, 4 b, and 5 b, composed of two tub‐shaped dibenzocyclooctatetraene (DBCOT) units, were designed and synthesized. The cyclooctatetraene (COT) rings of these DMTs readily invert in solution, and the molecular structure shows rigid syn and anti forms in an equilibrium mixture in solution. The syn and anti conformers can be observed by NMR. The isomerization barriers of 3 a, 3 b, 4 a, 4 b, and 5 b are in the range of 16.5–21.3 kcal mol−1, depending on steric repulsion between substituents of the COT rings and protons of the central benzene ring. These DMTs form complexes with 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone (DDQ) and 1,2,4,5‐tetracyano‐benzene (TCNB) in solution and in the solid state. The binding abilities of these DMTs increase with electron‐donating substituents on COT, which increase the electron densities of the cavity of the syn form, as supported by theoretical calculations. In addition, elongation of the terminal alkoxy chains of the DMTs was found to cause the enhancement of van der Waals contact with guest molecules. Therefore, 5 b, which has CH2OMe groups on the COT rings and longer ethoxy groups on the terminal benzene rings, showed the highest electron density of the cavity and hence the highest binding ability with the electron‐deficient guest molecules. Interestingly, solutions of 3 b, 4 b, and 5 b show thermochromism in the presence of DDQ. A solution of 3 b or 4 b with DDQ in CHCl3 is green due to charge‐transfer interaction at room temperature and the color changes from green to yellow upon heating to 60 °C and from green to blue upon cooling to −40 °C, whereas the high complexation ability of 5 b with DDQ only shows a change in the shade of blue.
Chemiebücher des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts. Für Frauen
Authors: Boeck Gisela 
Published: June 2009

AbstractDie “Frauenchemiebücher” sind faktisch so alt wie die nicht geschlechtsspezifischen populären Chemiebücher. An der Wende des 18. zum 19. Jahrhundert unterscheiden sie sich weder im Inhalt noch in der literarischen oder der didaktischen Gestaltung signifikant von anderen zeitgenössischen populärwissenschaftlichen Schriften auf dem Gebiet der Chemie. Warum lassen Vorworte und Titel trotzdem auf eine “angebliche” Ausrichtung auf Frauen schließen? Die Autoren wussten, dass die Zeit der Frau eine Grundbildung zugestand. So sollten die Bücher einen Weg zu einer angemessenen Bildung eröffnen, aber primär mit dem Ziel, dem Ehemann Gesprächspartnerin sein und an der Erziehung der Kinder maßgeblich teilhaben zu können.
Ist der Kompass der Vögel eine chemische Reaktion?
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: June 2009

AbstractVor mehr als 40 Jahren entdeckte Wolfgang Wiltschko den Einfluss statischer Magnetfelder auf die Orientierung von Zugvögeln, doch Ort und Art des Vogelkompasses sind noch immer ungeklärt. Die aussichtsreichste Hypothese: Eine chemische Reaktion mit Radikalen fungiert als Sensor für Magnetfelder.
Dynamic cell shapes and contacts in the developing Drosophila retina are regulated by the Ig cell adhesion protein hibris
Authors: Grillo‐Hill Bree K. , Wolff Tanya 
Published: June 2009

AbstractCell shapes and contacts are dynamically regulated during organogenesis to enable contacts with relevant neighboring cells at appropriate times. During Drosophila larval eye development, an apical contact is established between one pair of non‐neuronal cones cells, precluding contact between the opposing pair. Concurrent with changes in cell shape, these contacts reverse in early pupal life. The reversal in cone cell contacts occurs in a posterior to anterior gradient across the eye, following the developmental gradient established in the larval eye imaginal disc. Hibris (Hbs), an Immunoglobulin cell adhesion molecule homologous to vertebrate Nephrin, is required for cone cell morphogenesis. In hbs null mutants, a majority of cone cells fail to both establish wild‐type contacts and achieve mature cone cell shapes. hbs acts cell autonomously in the cone cells to drive these changes. The work presented here indicates hbs contributes to the remodeling of cell contacts and cell shapes throughout development. Developmental Dynamics 238:2223–2334, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New Chiral Lewis Bases Derived from L‐Pipecolinic Acid Showing Stereocontrol Highly Dependent on the Catalyst Design in the Hydrosilylation of N‐Phenyl Ketimines
Authors: Collados Juan F. , Quiroga‐Feijóo María L. , Alvarez‐Ibarra Carlos 
Published: June 2009

AbstractChiral L‐pipecolinic acid based catalysts, the N‐functionalized pipecolinamides 4a–h and 5a–e, have been obtained in a straightforward two‐step synthesis starting from Boc‐L‐pipecolinic acid. The catalysts form a complex with trichlorosilane, which proved to be effective for the enantioselective addition to the standard N‐phenylimine substrate 6. We have tested the enantioselectivity of the ligands to establish the influence of N‐ and O‐functionalization on the chiral α‐amino acid. Whereas the N‐formylpipecolinamides give rise to R‐configured amines, the opposite result was obtained by using the urea‐pipecolinamide 5c, which proved to be an efficient activator of trichlorosilane. The observed reactivities and stereoselectivities have been rationalized not only on the basis of the conformational dependence of the ligands, but also by noncovalent interactions, which has allowed the structures of the transition states to be deduced. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Sodium Tetraalkoxyborates: Intermediates for the Quantitative Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones to Alcohols through Ball Milling with NaBH4
Authors: Naimi‐Jamal M. Reza , Mokhtari Javad , Dekamin Mohammad G. , Kaupp Gerd 
Published: June 2009

AbstractStoichiometric molecular solid‐state vibrational ball milling, solvent‐free kneading ball milling, and mechanochemical ball milling of varied aldehydes and ketones with unmodified sodium borohydride under temperature control uses all hydrogen atoms of the reducing agent in fast reactions. It provides quantitative yields of thermally stable sodium tetraalkoxyborates. The easily isolated solids are extremely sensitive towards hydrolysis, leading to quantitative yields of the corresponding alcohols. The rapid syntheses are regiospecific and stereoselective. Varied substituents are not attacked, including the bromine of α‐bromo ketones. Conjugated aldehydes and ketones provide quantitative yields of the allylic alcohols free of contamination by saturated alcohols that would occur by reaction in solution. Depending on the stoichiometric ratio, benzil is quantitatively reduced to benzoin (4:1 ratio) or dihydrobenzoin (2:1 ratio). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry in high‐throughput detection, quantification and confirmation of anabolic steroids in equine plasma
Authors: You Youwen , Uboh Cornelius E. , Soma Lawrence R. , Guan Fuyu , Li Xiaoqing , Rudy Jeffrey A. , Liu Ying , Chen Jinwen 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAn ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS) method for fast‐throughput analysis of eight anabolic and androgenic steroids (AAS) in equine plasma is reported. Analytes were recovered by liquid‐liquid extraction using methyl tert‐butyl ether, separated on a 1.9 µm C18 reversed‐phase column, and analyzed in positive electrospray ionization mode on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with selected reaction monitoring (SRM) and full product ion scans. Two SRM ion transitions were monitored for each AAS during screening to obtain highly selective screening results. Full product ion spectra of excellent quality for AAS, at 100 pg/0.5 mL in plasma, devoid of interfering spectra from impurities in plasma, were obtained. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the acquisition of full product ion spectra at such a low analyte concentration and plasma volume using a triple quadrupole instrument. In addition to product ion intensity ratios obtained from three SRM scans for identifying AAS in equine plasma, full product ion spectra were used as supporting evidence for confirmation. For quantification, deuterium‐labeled testosterone and stanozolol were used as internal standards (ISs). The limits of detection, quantification and confirmation were 6.25–12.5 pg/0.5 mL, 25 pg/0.5 mL and 50–100 pg/0.5 mL, respectively. There was no significant matrix effect on the analysis of all eight AAS. Intra‐day precision and accuracy were 2–15% and 91–107%, respectively. Inter‐day precision and accuracy were 1–21% and 94–110%, respectively. Total analysis time was 5 min. To date, the method has been successfully used in the analysis of >12 000 samples for AAS in plasma samples from racehorses competing in the State of Pennsylvania. The method is fast, selective, reproducible, and reliable. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fragmentation behavior of metal‐coded affinity tag (MeCAT)‐labeled peptides
Authors: Pieper Stefan , Beck Sebastian , Ahrends Robert , Scheler Christian , Linscheid Michael W. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractQuantitative proteomics has become an important method in modern life sciences. Besides protein identification, the aspect of quantification is of rapidly increasing relevance. MeCAT (metal‐coded affinity tagging) is able to provide a tool that enables relative as well as absolute quantification. For structural elucidation, knowledge on the fragmentation behavior of MeCAT‐modified peptides is highly beneficial. Therefore, the fragmentation behavior of MeCAT‐labeled peptides under collision induced dissociation (CID), electron capture dissociation (ECD) and infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) conditions was studied. Application of CID and ECD allowed a straight‐forward sequence elucidation of MeCAT‐labeled peptides. During IRMPD all MeCAT‐labeled peptides form characteristic fragments resulting from the fragmentational cleavage of the tagging group, thus, providing a screening method for the identification of labeled compounds. Furthermore, occurring side reactions during the labeling process were investigated. By‐products were structurally characterized and reaction conditions were optimized in order to prevent the formation of these. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid determination of oxidized methionine residues in recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry with in‐source collision‐induced dissociation
Authors: Ohkubo Tsutomu , Inagaki Shinsuke , Min Jun Zhe , Kamiya Daiki , Toyo'oka Toshimasa 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe primary structure of the deteriorated recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (rhbFGF) was determined by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI‐QTOF‐MS) with in‐source collision‐induced dissociation (CID). The rhbFGFs before and after treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were separated using an ACQUITY UPLC BEH300 C18 column (1.7 µm, 150 mm × 2.1 mm i.d.) with a gradient elution of a mixture of water/acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid. The separated proteins were then detected by a SYNAPT™ High Definition Mass Spectrometry™ system (SYNAPT‐MS). Two methionine (Met) residues in the rhbFGF structure were oxidized to Met‐sulfoxide (Met‐O) in 0.03% H2O2 at pH 2.0. As the result, three peaks, except for the peak of rhbFGF, appeared on the chromatogram. The three proteins corresponding to each peak were estimated as the denatured rhbFGFs including the Met‐O residue(s) with TOF‐MS. Furthermore, the position of the Met‐O residue(s) was efficiently identified by UPLC/ESI‐QTOF‐MS using the in‐source CID technique. The proposed method seems to be very useful for the structural elucidation of proteins, because the oxidized Met residues in rhbFGF were easily and rapidly identified. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors Associated with Local Recurrence After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation with Total Mesorectal Excision for Rectal Cancer
Authors: Kim Nam‐Kyu , Kim Young‐Wan , Min Byung‐Soh , Lee Kang‐Young , Sohn Seung‐Kook , Cho Chang‐Hwan 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of the present study was to investigate risk factors associated with local recurrence in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who received preoperative chemoradiotherapy in combination with total mesorectal excision (TME).MethodsRectal cancer patients who were treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation with TME were studied. We compared 26 patients who developed local recurrence with 119 recurrence‐free patients during the follow‐up period.ResultsThe median follow‐up period was 52 months (range: 14–131 months). Based on the use of univariate and multivariate analyses, circumferential margin involvement (p = 0.02), the presence of lymphovascular or perineural invasion (p = 0.02), and positive nodal disease (p = 0.03) were contributing factors for local recurrence. The local recurrence rate was different between ypN(+) patients and ypN(–) patients with more than 12 nodes retrieved (p = 0.01). There was no difference in local recurrence rates between ypN(+) patients and ypN(–) patients with <12 nodes (p = 0.35) or between ypN(–) patients with <12 nodes or ≥12 nodes (p = 0.18).ConclusionsPatients with circumferential margin involvement, the presence of lymphovascular or perineural invasion, and positive nodal disease should be regarded as a high‐risk group. We also determined that lymph node retrieval (<12 nodes) in patients with node‐negative disease was a risk factor for local recurrence.
An Artificial Intelligence Approach for Modeling and Prediction of Water Diffusion Inside a Carbon Nanotube
Authors: Ahadian Samad , Kawazoe Yoshiyuki 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Modeling of water flow in carbon nanotubes is still a challenge for the classic models of fluid dynamics. In this investigation, an adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is presented to solve this problem. The proposed ANFIS approach can construct an input–output mapping based on both human knowledge in the form of fuzzy if-then rules and stipulated input–output data pairs. Good performance of the designed ANFIS ensures its capability as a promising tool for modeling and prediction of fluid flow at nanoscale where the continuum models of fluid dynamics tend to break down.
Humanism and Empire: Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini, Cicero and the imperial ideal
Authors: Nederman Cary J. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe paper argues that theDe ortu et auctoritate imperii Romaniof Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini (1446) has been unjustifiably ignored by historians ofquattrocentohumanist political thought simply because of its adherence to the ideal of universal imperial government. At present, whenDe ortuis addressed at all, it is considered merely as an anachronistic product of a ‘medieval’ mentality. It is shown, however, that Aeneas, by working within a demonstrably Ciceronian framework, actually articulates a philosophically coherent defence of a single universal empire by exploiting a conceptual ambiguity in Cicero's own presentation of the foundations of social and political association. Aeneas suggests that Cicero's account of the communal nature of human beings, so far from sanctioning republican civic institutions, actually justifies the imposition of universal empire. A study of Piccolomini's political thought thus points to a greater diversity within the political viewpoints associated with humanism than current scholarship on the subject acknowledges. Moreover, it reveals the level of philosophical sophistication to which renaissance defences of empire could aspire.
Black mischief: crime, protest and resistance in colonial Kenya
Authors: Anderson David M. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThis article examines the history of African resistance to colonial rule among the Nandi and Kipsigis peoples of Kenya's Western Highlands. Anti-colonial protest centred on the activities of a group of ritual leaders, the orkoiik of the Talai clan, who were believed to possess supernatural powers of prophecy and divination. Between the late 1890s and 1905, the orkoiyot Koitalel had come to prominence as a leader of resistance to conquest. After his defeat the British briefly attempted to harness his Talai clansmen to the system of colonial government, promoting them as chiefs. This move was based upon a misunderstanding of the status of the orkoiik, whose powers often stood in direct conflict with the authorityof the elders and who were greatly feared by many Nandi and Kipsigis. By the igsos the orkoiik were deeply implicated in much criminal activity, especially the theft of livestock from European settler farmers. On three occasions orkoiik attempted to organize armed risings.The article concludes with a discussion of the place of the orkoiik in the historiography of Kenya. Although Koitalel and Barserion are commonly presented as heroes of a glorious resistance to colonialism, it is suggested that this interpretation fails to reflect the deep ambiguity of the status of the orkoiik, and the complexity of the struggles that took placewithin African societies under colonial rule.