bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of electron‐beam treatment of TiO2/Ti on properties of deposited Pt films
Authors: Kim Kwang‐Dae , Tai Wei Sheng , Kim Young Dok , Lee Byung Cheol , Yang Ki Ho , Park Ji Hyun 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSynchrotron‐radiation‐based photoemission spectroscopy was used to examine the changes in the TiO2surface structures as a result of high‐energy e‐beam exposure (under atmospheric pressure). The influence of the e‐beam pre‐treatment on the surface structure of post‐deposited Pt on TiO2and the CO oxidation activity of the Pt films were also investigated. Different types of defect sites (oxygen vacancies, OH‐groups) on TiO2created under different e‐beam exposure conditions are suggested to either enhance or reduce the metal–support interface reaction, which influences structure and the catalytic activity of post‐deposited Pt films. High‐energy e‐beam under atmospheric pressure can be used for the modification of metal–support interactions, which can improve activity of a catalyst. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing risk prediction models in case–control studies using semiparametric and nonparametric methods
Authors: Huang Ying , Pepe Margaret Sullivan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe predictiveness curve is a graphical tool that characterizes the population distribution of Risk(Y)=P(D=1|Y), where D denotes a binary outcome such as occurrence of an event within a specified time period and Y denotes predictors. A wider distribution of Risk(Y) indicates better performance of a risk model in the sense that making treatment recommendations is easier for more subjects. Decisions are more straightforward when a subject's risk is deemed to be high or low. Methods have been developed to estimate predictiveness curves from cohort studies. However, early phase studies to evaluate novel risk prediction markers typically employ case–control designs. Here, we present semiparametric and nonparametric methods for evaluating a continuous risk prediction marker that accommodates case–control data. Small sample properties are investigated through simulation studies. The semiparametric methods are substantially more efficient than their nonparametric counterparts under a correctly specified model. We generalize them to settings where multiple prediction markers are involved. Applications to prostate cancer risk prediction markers illustrate methods for comparing the risk prediction capacities of markers and for evaluating the increment in performance gained by adding a marker to a baseline risk model. We propose a modified Hosmer–Lemeshow test for case–control study data to assess calibration of the risk model that is a natural complement to this graphical tool. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cannabinoid effects on CB1 receptor density in the adolescent brain: An autoradiographic study using the synthetic cannabinoid HU210
Authors: Dalton Victoria S. , Zavitsanou Katerina 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe short‐ and long‐term behavioral effects of cannabinoids differ in adolescent and adult rodents. Few studies though have examined the underlying neurochemical changes that occur in the brain following adolescent cannabinoid exposure. In this study, we examined the effect of treatment with the synthetic cannabinoid, HU210, on CB1 receptor density in the brain and on body weight in adolescent male rats. Rats were treated daily with 25, 50, or 100 μg/kg HU210 for 4 or 14 days, or received a single dose of 100 μg/kg HU210 and sacrificed 24 h later. Receptor density was investigated using in vitro autoradiography with the CB1 receptor ligand [3H] CP55,940. In contrast to adult animals treated under the same paradigm in a previous study, adolescents continued on average, to gain weight over the course of the study. Weight gain was slowest in the 100 μg/kg group and improved dose dependently with controls gaining the most weight. Following the acute dose of HU210, a trend for a reduction in [3H] CP55,940 binding and a significant effect of treatment was observed. Statistically significant, dose‐dependent, region‐specific decreases in binding were observed in all brain regions examined following 4 and 14 days treatment. The pattern of CB1 receptor downregulation was similar to that observed in adults treated with cannabinoids in previous studies; however, its magnitude was smaller in adolescents. This reduced compensatory response may contribute to some acute behavioral effects, the pharmacological cross‐tolerance and the long‐lasting, adverse psychological consequences of cannabinoid exposure during adolescence. Synapse 64:845–854, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel methods of treating early prostate cancer: cryotherapy and high‐intensity focused ultrasound
Authors: Moore Caroline M. , Ahmed Hashim U. , Emberton Mark 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe authors discuss cryotherapy, high‐intensity focused ultrasound and focal therapy – new techniques that aim to maximise the effect of cancer treatment while avoiding the side‐effects of urinary and sexual dysfunction. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Interface Ltd
Output power dispatch control for a wind farm in a small power system
Authors: Uehara Akie , Senjyu Tomonobu , Kaneko Toshiaki , Yona Atsushi , Muhando Endusa Billy , Urasaki Naomitsu , Kim Chul‐Hwan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractNowadays, a wind turbine generator (WTG) is required to provide control capabilities as the output power of WTG fluctuates. Under this scenario, this paper proposes an output power control method of a wind farm (WF) connected to a small power system using pitch angle control. In this control approach, the WF output power control is achieved by two control levels: central and local. In the central control, the WF output power command is determined by considering the frequency deviations and wind speeds using a fuzzy function. Then, the local output power commands for each of the WTGs are based on the proposed dispatch control. In the proposed dispatch control, the output commands of each WTG are determined by considering wind conditions for each of the WTGs. The simulation results by using an actual detailed model for the wind power system show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Active current control in wind power plants during grid faults
Authors: Martínez Jorge , Kjær Philip C. , Rodriguez Pedro , Teodorescu Remus 
Published: March 2010

AbstractModern wind power plants are required and designed to ride through faults in electrical networks, subject to fault clearing. Wind turbine fault current contribution is required from most countries with a high amount of wind power penetration. In order to comply with such grid code requirements, wind turbines usually have solutions that enable the turbines to control the generation of reactive power during faults. This paper addresses the importance of using an optimal injection of active current during faults in order to fulfil these grid codes. This is of relevant importance for severe faults, causing low voltages at the point of common coupling. As a consequence, a new wind turbine current controller for operation during faults is proposed. It is shown that to achieve the maximum transfer of reactive current at the point of common coupling, a strategy for optimal setting of the active current is needed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A versatile Monte Carlo package for computation of efficiencies of Si(Li), SDD and Ge detectors
Authors: Taylor S. M. , Andrushenko S. M. , O'Meara J. M. , Campbell J. L. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCurrently, most detector efficiency calculations for X‐ray detectors assume that the source is a point source on the axis of symmetry of the detector, but this is not always accurate. We have devised a Monte Carlo program to simulate photon transport in Si(Li), SDD and planar Ge detectors that natively handles finite, tilted and off‐axis sources. Although electron transport is not handled at this stage, photon transport is completely handled, including absorption from filters and multiple scattering in the detector crystal. The K escape peak is handled for both silicon and germanium detectors, and the L escape peak is also handled for germanium detectors. Our efficiency results compare very well with previous work when idealized systems are simulated, and the effect of a non‐idealized system is presented. Escape peak intensity ratios are given for both silicon detectors (K peak only) and germanium detectors (K and L peaks), and the results for the K escape peaks agree well with previous work. Results are presented for a recent annular detector system, which is a good example of systems that are poorly handled under previous efficiency calculations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heavy metal analysis around Iskenderun Bay in Turkey
Authors: Cevik U. , Koz B. , Makarovska Y. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe heavy metal analysis around Iskenderun Bay in Turkey was carried out using mosses, soils, mussels, and sediments. This region is one of the most industrial areas of Turkey, including iron–steel plants, beverage, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) plants, and oil transfer docks. Energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry (Epsilon 5, PANalytical, Almelo, The Netherlands) was used to analyze all samples. V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Pb elements were observed in all samples studied. Although Ce was detected in some mosses and soils, Sn was detected only in some moss samples. Pb concentrations in the moss samples are higher than the soil, the mussel, and the sediment samples. This can be attributed to the mosses that absorb heavy metals such as Pb easily from the air. As the aim of this study was to analyze heavy metals, the evaluation of these elements with their potential hazards for ecology and humans is briefly discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adrenal Injury Following Blunt Abdominal Trauma
Authors: Lee Yong Sang , Jeong Jong Ju , Nam Kee‐Hyun , Chung Woong Youn , Chang Hang‐Seok , Park Cheong Soo 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackgroundAdrenal injury secondary to abdominal trauma is quite rare because the adrenal gland is located deep in the retroperitoneum and is well cushioned by surrounding soft tissues. This report presents our experiences of managing patients with adrenal injury following abdominal blunt trauma.MethodsThe medical records of 11 patients who had been treated for adrenal gland injury between January 1998 and June 2009 were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsOf the 11 patients, nine were male and two were female and the mean age was 31.5 years. The causes of trauma were motor vehicle accident (8 cases) and fall (3 cases). The majority of injuries occurred on the right side (8 cases), two were on the left side, and one patient had bilateral injury. Three cases presented as isolated adrenal gland injuries, and eight were combined with other internal organ injuries. The most common coinjured organ was the liver, followed by the kidney. The most useful diagnostic modality was computed tomography (CT). Ten cases were treated successfully using conservative management, while one required a left partial adrenalectomy and splenectomy due to active bleeding.ConclusionsAdrenal injury due to blunt abdominal trauma is extremely rare. The majority of cases can be diagnosed using CT. Most cases involve the right side and can be treated successfully using conservative management. Surgery is required only in cases of active bleeding.
Selenium-enriched milk proteins and selenium yeast affect selenoprotein activity and expression differently in mouse colon
Authors: Hu Ying , McIntosh Graeme H. , Le Leu Richard K. , Young Graeme P. 
Published: March 2010

Certain forms of dietary Se may have an advantage in improving Se status and reducing cancer risk. The present study compared the effects of an Se-enriched milk protein product (dairy-Se) with an Se yeast (yeast-Se) on selenoprotein activity and expression in the mouse colon. Mice were fed four diets for 4 weeks: a control milk protein diet (Se at 0·068 parts per million (ppm)), dairy-Se diets with Se at 0·5 and 1 ppm, and a yeast-Se diet with Se at 1 ppm. Cytosolic glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) activity, mRNA of selenoprotein P (SeP),GPx-1, gastrointestinal glutathione peroxidase-2 (GPx-2) and thioredoxin reductase-1 (TrxR-1) were examined in the mouse colon. Dairy-Se diets did not significantly affectGPx-1mRNA and GPx-1 activity but produced a dose-dependent increase inSePandGPx-2mRNA, with a significantly higher level achieved at 1 ppm Se (P < 0·05). Yeast-Se at 1 ppm significantly increasedGPx-1mRNA and GPx-1 activity (P < 0·01) but notGPx-2mRNA. Neither Se supplement had any effect onTrxR-1. The present study indicates that selenoprotein levels in the mouse colon are regulated differently depending on the Se supplement. As we have previously shown that dairy-Se at 1 ppm was protective against colorectal cancer (CRC) in an azoxymethane-induced CRC mouse model, this up-regulation of colonicGPx-2andSePwith Se supplementation may be crucial to its chemopreventive action.
ESTIMATION OF SOME EXPONENTIAL SUM BY MEANS OF q-DEGREE
Authors: GILLOT VALÉRIE , LANGEVIN PHILIPPE 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we improve results of Gillot, Kumar and Moreno to estimate some exponential sums by means of q-degrees. The method consists in applying suitable elementary transformations to see an exponential sum over a finite field as an exponential sum over a product of subfields in order to apply Deligne bound. In particular, we obtain new results on the spectral amplitude of some monomials.
ON BADLY APPROXIMABLE COMPLEX NUMBERS
Authors: ESDAHL-SCHOU R. , KRISTENSEN S. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe show that the set of complex numbers which are badly approximable by ratios of elements of the ring of integers in $\(\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-D})\)$, where D ∈ {1, 2, 3, 7, 11, 19, 43, 67, 163} has maximal Hausdorff dimension. In addition, the intersection of these sets is shown to have maximal dimension. The results remain true when the sets in question are intersected with a suitably regular fractal set.
A Mighty Power against the Cost of Living: Canadian Housewives Organize in the 1930s
Authors: Guard Julie 
Published: March 2010

AbstractConsumer activists organizing in the 1930s against rising milk prices demonstrated the power of a strong grassroots movement to enlarge prevailing understandings of the political and to wring responses from an unwilling state. Their maternalism, combined with milk's emotional, social, and political meanings, attracted broad popular support and deflected criticism from the dairy industry, hostile public officials, and anticommunists. Their campaign for affordable milk became a synecdoche for broader demands that the state restrain business in the interests of consumers and protect ordinary people from the harsh injustices of the Depression. After winning immediate concessions, the Toronto Housewives Association failed to achieve their long-term goals, but their impact was nonetheless significant. Their campaign fueled and informed public debates about the political economy of food and government's responsibilities to protect citizens, pushing socialist policies onto the political agenda under the cover of maternalism. Participation in Housewives' campaigns transformed powerless victims into effective political actors. Housewife-activists challenged prevailing notions of normative feminine behavior, creating social space for ordinary women acting within their domestic roles to engage in direct political action.
The Politics of the Small Purse: The Mobilization of Housewives in Interwar Australia
Authors: Smart Judith 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe Housewives' Associations were the largest women's organizations in Australia during the interwar years and were the first consumer-watch agencies. This article examines the gendered economic identity they cultivated in successfully mobilizing women under the banner of free-market economics against the protectionism of the mainstream political parties and the labor movement. In challenging the dominant economic discourse, they asserted the claims of consumption to the same status and recognition in the functioning of the economic system as the overwhelmingly masculine forces of capital and labor. In the process, they also threw into question the relevance of class as a basis for women's political activism.
Women as Paid Organizers and Propagandists for the British Labour Party Between the Wars
Authors: Hannam June 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis article contributes to recent debates about the complicated ways in which women involved in the interwar British Labour Party negotiated their political identities through an examination of the activities and aims of a neglected group, the paid women organizers. It suggests that although they accepted the importance of women's work within the home, the organizers did not see women's lives as confined by domesticity. Instead, they argued that women in the home had the potential for collective political action. The article looks at the campaign for pit head baths to highlight the attempt by the organizers to develop a politics around issues such as dirt that concerned women in their daily lives. It was difficult to persuade the Labour Party to take these questions seriously, and the organizers experienced constraints as well as opportunities that came from their paid role, but it is argued here that they did carve a career that was woman-focused and sought to give women in the home a voice.
From Slaves to Citizens? Tannenbaum and the Debates on Slavery, Emancipation, and Race Relations in Latin America
Authors: de la Fuente Alejandro 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWhy isSlave and Citizen, Frank Tannenbaum's influential comparative book on slavery and race relations, still referenced by modern scholars? How is it that a book that is frequently described as flawed continues to inform contemporary scholarship on race and slavery? This article seeks to answer these questions by reconstructing some of the scholarly debates sparked bySlave and Citizen. Specifically, the article discusses how some of the central premises of Tannenbaum's approach continue to inform the work of current scholars. Three of these premises are discussed in some detail: first, that “Anglo” and “Latin” America constituted two separate entities; second, that race relations in each area were fundamentally different; and third, that differences in modern race relations could only be explained by their divergent “slave systems.”
Is Hurricane Activity in One Basin Tied to Another?
Authors: Wang Chunzai , Lee Sang‐Ki 
Published: March 2010

Each year, tropical cyclones and hurricanes leave millions homeless worldwide and account for, on average, over $100 billion of damage in the United States alone [Schmidt et al., 2009]. In 2005, a record‐ breaking 15 hurricanes formed in the North Atlantic, four of which reached category 5 strength. Over the course of that season, more than 3000 hurricane‐related deaths occurred and fiscal damage reached $157 billion.Because a better understanding of when and where tropical cyclones and hurricanes will form and strike will help societies better prepare for adverse effects, improving the understanding of these storms is very important. In the Western Hemisphere, tropical cyclones can form and develop in both the tropical North Atlantic and eastern North Pacific oceans, which are separated by the landmass of Central America. From the point of view of large‐scale atmospheric circulation and its influence on tropical cyclones [e.g.,Bell and Chelliah, 2006], it is not surprising that tropical cyclone variabilities in these two basins are related, because of their geographic proximity. But several questions remain: How they are related? What physical mechanisms drive this relation?
Kenneth C. Spengler (1915–2010)
Authors: Bierly Eugene 
Published: March 2010

Kenneth C. Spengler, executive director emeritus of the American Meteorological Society (AMS), died 28 January at the age of 94. He was a retired life member of AGU who joined in 1946.Ken was born in Harrisburg, Pa., and attended Dickinson College, where he majored in mathematics and physics. In 1940 he was sent to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology as a second lieutenant in the U.S. Army Reserves for a 1‐year graduate course in meteorology. The University of Nevada granted Ken an honorary doctorate in 1966. During World War II, Ken was stationed at the Army Air Corps Weather Research Center at Bolling Airfield in Washington, D.C. The research center was later moved to Weather Bureau headquarters in Washington and eventually to the Pentagon, where Ken made contact with many well‐known meteorologists.
Binding Pattern Determination Of Class of Antifungal Drugs
Authors: Tandon Arpit , Naqvi A , Chitranshi Nitin , Sinha Siddharth 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCrystal Structure of cytochrome p450 2B4 has 476 amino acids, through docking approach we have attempted to explain the specificity of CYP2B4, total 28 imidazole drug were used for the studies as antifungal drugs in which bound bifonazole (reference) shows the binding energy of -8.67 kcal/mol .Compound Miconazole shows the minimum binding energy of -10.45 kcal/mol. The 2B4-bifonazole structure identified 10 residues (ALA 298, GLY 299, GLU 301, THR 302, ILE 363, VAL 292) within 6.5 Å of the active site of bifonazole. GLU 301, THR 302 are also located in 6.5 Å of the bound ligand in 2B4 structure. Due to the presence of the multiple binding substrates in cytochrome p450, it acts as the major target of many drugs in xenobiotic metabolism.