bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No effect of osteopathic treatment on trunk morphology and spine flexibility in young women with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Hasler Carol , Schmid Caius , Enggist Andreas , Neuhaus Conny , Erb Thomas 
Published: April 2010

Introduction Brace treatment is the gold standard for patients with mild adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (Cobb angle 20°–40°). However, negative psychosocial impacts, physical constraints and incompliance cause many patients and parents to seek for so-called holistic and apparently less harmful approaches within the field of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Osteopathy—manual interventions on the viscera and locomotor system—is widely used for scoliosis. There is, however, a complete lack of evidence regarding its efficacy. We, therefore, tested the hypothesis that osteopathy alters trunk morphology, a prerequisite to unload the concave side of the scoliosis, and that it halts curve progression. Methods This was a prospective, controlled trial of 20 post-pubertal young women (20°–40° idiopathic scoliosis) randomly allocated to an observation (group 0) or osteopathic treatment (group 1). The latter comprised three sessions (5 weeks). Trunk morphology (clinical examination, video rasterstereography) and spine flexibility (MediMouse®) were assessed at a pre- and post-intervention with a 3-month interval (blinded examiner). We chose scoliometer measurement (rib hump, lumbar prominence) as the main outcome parameter. Results Two patients in the treatment group refused further treatment and the final examination, as they felt no benefit after two osteopathic treatments. Regression analysis for repeat measurements (independent statistician) revealed no therapeutic effect on rib hump, lumbar prominence, plumb line, sagittal profile and global spinal flexibility. Conclusions We found no evidence to support osteopathy in the treatment of mild adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Therefore, we caution against abandoning the conventional standard of care for mild idiopathic scoliosis. As for other CAM therapies, the use of osteopathy as a treatment option for scoliosis still needs to be clearly defined.
The adolescent, the therapist and the family: The management of external resistances to psychoanalytic therapy of adolescents
Authors: Shapiro Roger L. 
Published: April 2010

Freud stated that external resistances to analysis, the patient's family relationships, frequently interfered with therapy more than the patient's own internal resistances. This is a central problem in the treatment of adolescents.The developments of structural theory and ego psychology included concepts and methods of defense analysis for the management of internal resistances. The external resistances may also be conceptualized from the structural and adaptive points of view. This then requires the development of methods of conjoint family interviewing for the management of external resistances to the treatment of adolescents. Such interviews should be part of the initial assessment of the disturbed adolescent. They establish a working alliance not only with the adolescent but with his family.For neurotic adolescents conjoint family interviews should be resumed when the external resistances become a serious interference with treatment.For borderline adolescents, where serious disturbances over separation‐individuation are found in both adolescents and parents and profoundly interfere with adolescent development, concurrent psychoanalytic psychotherapy for the adolescent and analytic, group interpretive family treatment is indicated.Conceptualization and methods of family interviewing and family treatment concurrent with individual psychotherapy are discussed.
Legal and social implications of adolescent sexual behavior
Authors: Hoffman Adele D. 
Published: April 2010

Chastity requirements among adolescents are primarily limited to females and derive more from cultural determiners than biological harm. Historical and anthropological literature suggests that this demand is patriarchally derived, based both on primitive magical fears over hymenal and menstrual bleeding and economic interests in virgin brides and the paternity of potential inheritors.The contemporary rise in adolescent coital rates reflect a shift away from this cultural past toward a greater sexual egalitarianism as a component of expanding womens' rights. Adolescent males have always enjoyed a high coital rate; change has selectively occurred among girls.Significant change in parent‐offspring relationships is also evident in a move away from an arbitrary age of majority to a recognition of developmental maturity and the capacity of selected minors to function as adults. The expanding body of minors‐consent‐to‐health‐care law is supportive of this thesis and contributes to the concept of minor's rights and the mature minor doctrine.
West Indian adolescents: an anthropological perspective
Authors: Kitzinger Sheila 
Published: April 2010

Adolescents from West Indian backgrounds in the United Kingdom face special problems because they are marginal, not only to adult society, but also to the “host” culture. Caribbean parents tend to have expectations for their children which do not correspond with those of the young people themselves.The boy may respond by selecting an image of masculinity based on a politico‐religious protest cult which seeks a return to African roots.The peasant family support system is poorly adapted to an urban industrial culture. It fails when the adolescent girl becomes pregnant.Many difficulties faced by a proportion of West Indian adolescents can be related to twice occurring loss of mother, in babyhood and againinlater childhood, resulting in a long drawn out and often unresolved mourning.
Group work with adolescents
Authors: Bruce Terry 
Published: April 2010

In this paper I have suggested that there are three sources of difficulty (social, cognitive and emotional) for leaders of pyschotherapy groups with adolescents.By a social difficulty I mean the tendency of adolescent psychotherapy groups to develop a gang culture which excludes the psychotherapist.The emotional difficulty is the unconcious need that adolescents have, to replace parents and those standing in for them. This can result in an adolescent group setting out to undermine the psychotherapist's authority. At the same time, however, the adolescents have a need for the psychotherapist to withstand such an attack. If he does not, the adolescents will be unable to use their aggressiveness in the service of healthy personality development but will turn their aggression inwards (causing distortion of personality development) or will turn it outwards in antisocial behaviour.In the latter half of the paper there is discussion of techniques for working with the social, cognitive and emotional difficulties presented by adolescents in groups.
The walk‐in clinic
Authors: Nichtern Sol 
Published: April 2010

The walk‐in clinic is offered as a system of care for the treatment of adolescents because of their need for quickly available, short term, responsive services. The nature of adolescence introduces a temporal sense of urgency while their preoccupation with their physical and mental state determines their need for particular kinds of services. Additional factors are the social attitudes of society towards adolescence and the delicate equilibrium between adolescents and their families and the various institutions of the community.Four distinct experiences are described. These include a walk‐in adolescent clinic in a general hospital; an emergency admitting service of a psychiatric hospital; a store front clinic; and an emergency shelter for adolescents. Some of the special problems of each of these distinctly different services are discussed.
Political Theory Today: Results of a National Survey
Authors: Moore Matthew J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis article reports the results of a 2008 national survey of political theorists. The results, based on 1,086 responses from professors at accredited, four-year colleges and universities in the United States, provide information about the demographic characteristics of political theorists, opinion data on the place of political theory within political science, the proportion of political theorists in political science departments, teaching loads, expectations for tenure, the experience of political theorists on the academic job market, and, finally, rankings of theorists, journals, publishers, professional organizations, and Ph.D. programs.
HIV classification using the coalescent theory
Authors: Bulla Ingo , Schultz Anne-Kathrin , Schreiber Fabian , Zhang Ming , Leitner Thomas , Korber Bette , Morgenstern Burkhard , Stanke Mario 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Motivation: Existing coalescent models and phylogenetic tools based on them are not designed for studying the genealogy of sequences like those of HIV, since in HIV recombinants with multiple cross-over points between the parental strains frequently arise. Hence, ambiguous cases in the classification of HIV sequences into subtypes and circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) have been treated with ad hoc methods in lack of tools based on a comprehensive coalescent model accounting for complex recombination patterns.
Results: We developed the program ARGUS that scores classifications of sequences into subtypes and recombinant forms. It reconstructs ancestral recombination graphs (ARGs) that reflect the genealogy of the input sequences given a classification hypothesis. An ARG with maximal probability is approximated using a Markov chain Monte Carlo approach. ARGUS was able to distinguish the correct classification with a low error rate from plausible alternative classifications in simulation studies with realistic parameters. We applied our algorithm to decide between two recently debated alternatives in the classification of CRF02 of HIV-1 and find that CRF02 is indeed a recombinant of Subtypes A and G.
Availability: ARGUS is implemented in C++ and the source code is available at http://gobics.de/software
Contact: ibulla@uni-goettingen.de
Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
ParaSAM: a parallelized version of the significance analysis of microarrays algorithm
Authors: Sharma Ashok , Zhao Jieping , Podolsky Robert , McIndoe Richard A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMotivation: Significance analysis of microarrays (SAM) is a widely used permutation-based approach to identifying differentially expressed genes in microarray datasets. While SAM is freely available as an Excel plug-in and as an R-package, analyses are often limited for large datasets due to very high memory requirements.Summary: We have developed a parallelized version of the SAM algorithm called ParaSAM to overcome the memory limitations. This high performance multithreaded application provides the scientific community with an easy and manageable client-server Windows application with graphical user interface and does not require programming experience to run. The parallel nature of the application comes from the use of web services to perform the permutations. Our results indicate that ParaSAM is not only faster than the serial version, but also can analyze extremely large datasets that cannot be performed using existing implementations.Availability:A web version open to the public is available at http://bioanalysis.genomics.mcg.edu/parasam. For local installations, both the windows and web implementations of ParaSAM are available for free at http://www.amdcc.org/bioinformatics/software/parasam.aspxContact: rmcindoe@mail.mcg.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary Data is available at Bioinformatics online.
Percutaneous implantation of the left ventricular partitioning device for chronic heart failure: a pilot study with 1‐year follow‐up
Authors: Sagic Dragan , Otasevic Petar , Sievert Horst , Elsasser Albrecht , Mitrovic Veselin , Gradinac Sinisa 
Published: April 2010

AimsTo assess short‐term safety defined as the successful delivery and deployment of the ventricular partitioning device (VPD) implant, as well as 12‐month functional, clinical, and haemodynamic effectiveness.Methods and resultsVentricular partitioning device implantation was successful in 15/18 (83%) patients with anteroapical regional wall motion abnormalities following myocardial infarction. In one patient, the VPD was removed 3 days post implantation and the patient subsequently died due to extra‐cardiac sepsis. When compared with baseline, there was significant improvement at 6 and 12 months following VPD implantation in NYHA class (2.21 ± 0.57 vs. 1.28 ± 0.46 vs. 1.23 ± 0.4.3, respectively, P < 0.001 for both), left ventricular (LV) end‐systolic volume (189 ± 45 vs. 142 ± 29 vs. 151 ± 48 mL/m2, respectively, P < 0.001 for both), and LV end‐diastolic volume (260 ± 47 vs. 208 ± 33 vs. 222 ± 58 mL/m2, respectively, P < 0.001 for both). After 12 months, an improvement in LV ejection fraction was noted (28 ± 7 vs. 32 ± 7 vs. 33 ± 9%, respectively, P = 0.02) as well as improvement in 6 min walk distance (382 ± 123 vs. 409 ± 7 vs. 425 ± 140 m) when compared with pre‐procedural values.ConclusionOur data indicate that VPD implantation is safe and feasible, and that VPD implantation improves LV haemodynamics and functional capacity in the 12 months following the procedure.
RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase 1 from Nicotiana tabacum Suppresses RNA Silencing and Enhances Viral Infection in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Ying Xiao-Bao , Dong Li , Zhu Hui , Duan Cheng-Guo , Du Quan-Sheng , Lv Dian-Qiu , Fang Yuan-Yuan , Garcia Juan Antonio , Fang Rong-Xiang , Guo Hui-Shan 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Endogenous eukaryotic RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RDRs) produce double-stranded RNA intermediates in diverse processes of small RNA synthesis in RNA silencing pathways. RDR6 is required in plants for posttranscriptional gene silencing induced by sense transgenes (S-PTGS) and has an important role in amplification of antiviral silencing. Whereas RDR1 is also involved in antiviral defense in plants, this does not necessarily proceed through triggering silencing. In this study, we show that Nicotiana benthamiana transformed with RDR1 from Nicotiana tabacum (Nt-RDR1 plants) exhibits hypersusceptibility to Plum pox potyvirus and other viruses, resembling RDR6-silenced (RDR6i) N. benthamiana. Analysis of transient induction of RNA silencing in N. benthamiana Nt-RDR1 and RDR6i plants revealed that Nt-RDR1 possesses silencing suppression activity. We found that Nt-RDR1 does not interfere with RDR6-dependent siRNA accumulation but turns out to suppress RDR6-dependent S-PTGS. Our results, together with previously published data, suggest that RDR1 might have a dual role, contributing, on one hand, to salicylic acid–mediated antiviral defense, and suppressing, on the other hand, the RDR6-mediated antiviral RNA silencing. We propose a scenario in which the natural loss-of-function variant of RDR1 in N. benthamiana may be the outcome of selective pressure to maintain a high RDR6-dependent antiviral defense, which would be required to face the hypersensitivity of this plant to a large number of viruses.
Cell Number Regulator1Affects Plant and Organ Size in Maize: Implications for Crop Yield Enhancement and Heterosis
Authors: Guo Mei , Rupe Mary A. , Dieter Jo Ann , Zou Jijun , Spielbauer Daniel , Duncan Keith E. , Howard Richard J. , Hou Zhenglin , Simmons Carl R. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractGenes involved in cell number regulation may affect plant growth and organ size and, ultimately, crop yield. The tomato (genus Solanum) fruit weight gene fw2.2, for instance, governs a quantitative trait locus that accounts for 30% of fruit size variation, with increased fruit size chiefly due to increased carpel ovary cell number. To expand investigation of how related genes may impact other crop plant or organ sizes, we identified the maize (Zea mays) gene family of putative fw2.2 orthologs, naming them Cell Number Regulator (CNR) genes. This family represents an ancient eukaryotic family of Cys-rich proteins containing the PLAC8 or DUF614 conserved motif. We focused on native expression and transgene analysis of the two maize members closest to Le-fw2.2, namely, CNR1 and CNR2. We show that CNR1 reduced overall plant size when ectopically overexpressed and that plant and organ size increased when its expression was cosuppressed or silenced. Leaf epidermal cell counts showed that the increased or decreased transgenic plant and organ size was due to changes in cell number, not cell size. CNR2 expression was found to be negatively correlated with tissue growth activity and hybrid seedling vigor. The effects of CNR1 on plant size and cell number are reminiscent of heterosis, which also increases plant size primarily through increased cell number. Regardless of whether CNRs and other cell number–influencing genes directly contribute to, or merely mimic, heterosis, they may aid generation of more vigorous and productive crop plants.
Approaches for enhancing the viability of probiotics: a review
Authors: Sarkar S. 
Published: April 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to attempt to highlight various approaches for enhancing the viability of probiotics, with special emphasis on micro‐encapsulation.Design/methodology/approachVarious techniques, such as selection of acid and bile resistant strains, use of oxygen impermeable packaging materials, two‐step fermentation, stress adaptation, inclusion of micro‐nutrient, sonication of bacteria and micro‐encapsulation, which could be employed for maintaining or enhancing probiotic viability are discussed, with special emphasis on micro‐encapsulation.FindingsProbiotics lose their viability during gastro‐intestinal transit due to unfavorable intestinal environment. Amongst diverse techniques micro‐encapsulation could confer protection to the probiotics both in the product as well as in the gastro‐intestinal environment.Originality/valueThe paper shows that micro‐encapsulation of probiotics renders them stable both in the product as well as in the intestinal environment and application of encapsulated probiotics would result in a product with greater prophylactic activities.
Potential cross‐contamination of the ready‐to‐eat dried meat product, biltong
Authors: Naidoo Keshia , Lindsay Denise 
Published: April 2010

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to evaluate the hygiene of surfaces that come into direct contact with the ready to eat dried meat product, biltong, at point‐of‐sale in three different retailers in Johannesburg, South Africa, by investigating the presence of indicator organisms.Design/methodology/approachSamples were collected and plated in duplicate for aerobic plate, total Enterobacteriaceae, coliforms and Escherichia coli counts using standard methods. Typical E. coli colonies on Rapid E. coli 2 Agar™ were selected and further identified using 16S rDNA molecular sequencing methods.FindingsBacterial counts associated with biltong product ranged between 6–7 Log CFU/g, while counts on cutting utensils ranged between 5–6 Log CFU/cm2. Overall, the lowest counts were associated with display cabinets (2–6 Log CFU/cm2). Predominant populations were often similar between biltong product and various surface samples, indicating potential cross‐contamination. Results from 16S rDNA sequence analysis showed that E. coli strains isolated from biltong product and correspondingly from cutting utensils, were 100 per cent genetically similar. Strains of potential pathogens belonging to the Shigella dysenteriae group (99 per cent) were also identified.Originality/valueThis paper highlights that surfaces in direct contact with biltong, an increasingly popular dried meat commodity worldwide, may act as potential sources for cross‐contamination of product with potential food‐borne pathogens, which may hold foodborne illness implications.
Assessing new product development success factors in the Thai food industry
Authors: Suwannaporn Prisana , Speece Mark W. 
Published: April 2010

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to measure new product development (NPD) success factors in the Thai food industry.Design/methodology/approachThe quantitative research was designed based upon previous qualitative analysis by Suwannaporn and Speece. A total of 114 questionnaires sent to medium and large food companies were returned (17.5 percent of companies).FindingsManagers' perceptions of the important success factors differ by job function, so that data about what is important cannot distinguish higher vs lower success rates. Manager perceptions of what factors are important do not match actual practice very closely, but they do report what is actually done in the NPD process consistently. Reported practices can distinguish success rates. Discriminant analysis shows that the use of marketing research is most critical in this industry. Internal communication in the NPD process and supplier linkages are also predictors of success rate, and strategy and planning plays a weak role.Practical implicationsNPD is context‐specific. The food industry is strongly market‐driven, so rapid adaptation to customers is critical. Strategy and planning is less important than an ability to remain flexible and move quickly in response changing consumer tastes. Most local companies have strong business secrecy, which is likely to inhibit collaborative research and development (R&D). However, supplier linkages do contribute in distinguishing companies with higher vs lower success rates.Originality/valueThis paper demonstrates that what managers involved in the NPD process believe to be the important success factors cannot always predict NP success rates.
Involvement, competencies, gender and food health information seeking
Authors: Hansen Torben , Boye Heidi , Uth Thomsen Thyra 
Published: April 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the role of gender, food health involvement, and food health information competency in predicting consumer food health information seeking.Design/methodology/approachA conceptual model for predicting consumer food health information seeking is proposed. The predicting constructs are general food health involvement, general food health competency, product‐specific health involvement, and product‐specific food health competency. The relationships between construct are estimated using structural equation modelling. Data were collected in a nationally representative consumer‐panel among 504 Danish consumers using a questionnaire.FindingsThe results suggest that improving consumers' general food health involvement may only lead to increased product‐specific health information seeking if consumers at the same time are involved in the specific product category. The results also revealed that women are generally more food health involved than men but did not support previous research suggesting that women also are more knowledgeable about healthy food and that they more often seek product‐specific food health‐related information.Research limitations/implicationsThis research concentrated on analysing one food product, salad dressing. A large cross‐section of products ought to be studied to improve the generalizability of the obtained result and thus future research may wish to incorporate a wider range of food products.Practical implicationsThe results suggest that food authorities and/or food marketers seeking to promote a healthy life‐style should consider providing examples of healthy product categories (food authorities) and/or particular products (food marketers) along with their general health information.Originality/valueThis paper empirically investigates gender along with a number of mental constructs for the purpose of understanding consumers' food health information seeking. Also, the paper explores age and educational level as possible moderating variables of the consumer food health information seeking process.