bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benefits and Adverse Events in Younger Versus Older Patients Receiving Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Colon Cancer: Findings From the Adjuvant Colon Cancer Endpoints Data Set
Authors: Hubbard Joleen , Thomas David M. , Yothers Greg , Green Erin , Blanke Charles , O'Connell Michael J. , Labianca Roberto , Shi Qian , Bleyer Archie , de Gramont Aimery , Sargent Daniel 
Published: May 2012

Purpose Limited data exist regarding the outcomes of adjuvant therapy in younger patients with stage II and III colon cancer. We examined disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), recurrence-free interval (RFI), and grade 3+ adverse events (AEs) in younger patients in the 33,574 patient Adjuvant Colon Cancer Endpoints Group data set. Patients and Methods Individual patient data from 24 randomized phase III clinical trials were obtained for survival outcomes, which included 10 clinical trials for AE outcomes. Two age-based cutoff points were used to define younger patients: age younger than 40 years and younger than 50 years. Adjuvant therapy benefit analyses were limited to the nine clinical trials in which the investigational chemotherapeutic arm demonstrated benefit. Results One thousand seven hundred fifty-eight patients (5.2%) were younger than 40 years, 5,817 patients (17.3%) were younger than 50 years, and only 299 patients (0.9%) were younger than 30 years. No meaningful differences in sex or stage were noted in younger versus older patients. Younger and older patients did not differ in RFI (age, < 40 years: hazard ratio [HR], 1.0; P = .62 and age < 50 years: HR, 1.02; P = .35). Younger patients (both cutoff points), had longer OS and DFS than older patients. In trials demonstrating adjuvant therapy benefit, similar DFS benefit was observed by age. Younger patients experienced less leukopenia and stomatitis, but more frequent nausea/vomiting. Conclusion Among patients on clinical trials, younger and older patients with stage II and III colon cancer had similar RFI and adjuvant therapy benefit. Younger patients have longer OS and DFS, which is likely primarily because of fewer competing causes of death. Adjuvant therapy is beneficial for colon cancer in patients younger than 50 years who meet typical clinical trial eligibility criteria.
Molecular Understanding of the Adhesive Force between a Metal Oxide Surface and an Epoxy Resin: Effects of Surface Water
Authors: Semoto Takayuki , Tsuji Yuta , Yoshizawa Kazunari 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
A mechanism of the adhesion interaction between an aluminum oxide surface and an epoxy resin is investigated by using density-functional-theory (DFT) calculations. To understand effects of adsorbed water molecules on the adhesion interaction, hydroxylated aluminum oxide surfaces with adsorbed water molecules are prepared. Geometry optimization is performed for a model of adhesive–adherend complex, which is comprised of a fragment of epoxy resin and a water-adsorbed aluminum oxide surface. DFT calculations demonstrate that hydroxy groups and ether groups of epoxy resin can interact with the adherend surface via a hydrogen-bond network of adsorbed water molecules, which leads to a critical factor in the adhesion interaction. Plots of energy versus vertical distance of the resin from the surface are nicely approximated by the Morse potential. The force required for detachment of the resin from the surface can be estimated from the maximum value of the force–distance curve, which is obtained from the derivative of the potential energy curve. Obtained results demonstrate that the hydrogen-bond network via adsorbed water molecules significantly affects the adhesion mechanism. The adsorbed water molecules provide a long-distance adhesion interaction but exert little influence over the maximum value of the adhesion force.
Noise Attenuation of Earplugs as Measured by hREAT and F‐MIRE Methods in a Japanese Metal Manufacturing Plant
Authors: Kabe Isamu , Kochi Takeshi , Tsuruoka Hiroko , Tonegawa Toyoko , Denda Ikuo , Nonogi Mari , Tsuiki Hirokazu , Mizoue Tetsuya , Tanaka Shigeru 
Published: May 2012

Noise Attenuation of Earplugs as Measured by hREAT and F‐MIRE Methods in a Japanese Metal Manufacturing Plant: Isamu KABE, et al. Furukawa Electric Corporation—ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the noise attenuation (NA) properties of earplugs by using the headphone‐based real‐ear‐attenuation‐at‐threshold (hREAT) and field microphone‐in‐real‐ear (F‐MIRE) techniques.MethodsThe subjects were 89 male workers (mean age: 44.8 ± 12.1 yr) exposed to noise above 85 dBA (mean noise exposure period: 14.3 ± 11.3 yr) in a Japanese nonferrous metal manufacturing plant. They were confirmed to have pure‐tone air‐conduction hearing threshold levels (HTLs). The hREAT and F‐MIRE NA values were measured by a Rion AG‐20A and a 3M E‐A‐Rfit, respectively.ResultsThe NA values could not be measured by hREAT for four workers (hREAT– group). The mean NA of the earplugs for subjects for whom hREAT measurements were possible (hREAT+ group) was 26.0 ± 10.0 dB. The NA of the earplugs could be measured for all subjects using F‐MIRE, and the NAs of the hREAT– and hREAT+ groups were 9.5 ± 8.7 and 21.0 ± 7.3 dB. The mean HTL value at 500 Hz to 2 kHz was 45.8 ± 3.1 dB for the hREAT– group, which was significantly lower than the value for the hREAT+ group, 18.0 ± 8.6 dB.ConclusionBecause there is a difference between the NA values obtained by hREAT and F‐MIRE, it may be necessary to compensate for this difference. In addition, workers with hearing loss and the length of the measurement time need to be taken into consideration. Finally, the F‐MIRE method may be useful for educating workers about using earplugs in noisy workplaces.
Occupational Exposure to Manganese‐containing Welding Fumes and Pulmonary Function Indices among Natural Gas Transmission Pipeline Welders
Authors: Hassani Hamid , Golbabaei Farideh , Ghahri Asghar , Hosseini Mostafa , Shirkhanloo Hamid , Dinari Behnam , Eskandari Davood , Fallahi Majid 
Published: May 2012

Occupational Exposure to Manganese‐containing Welding Fumes and Pulmonary Function Indices among Natural Gas Transmission Pipeline Welders: Hamid HASSANI, et al. Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran—ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to evaluate manganese (Mn)‐containing welding fumes' exposure, assess urinary Mn as a biomarker for Mn exposure and investigate the correlation of Mn in air, total fumes and urinary Mn with pulmonary function indices in 118 welders and 37 unexposed controls from two regions in Iran, Assaluyeh and Borujen.MethodsAir samples were collected on mixed cellulose ester membrane filters in personal air samplers and then analyzed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP‐AES) (NIOSH Method 7300). For all participants, urine samples were collected during the entire work shift, and Mn in urine was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy according to NIOSH Method 8310. Spirometric measurements were also done for participants.ResultsThe maximum exposures to airborne Mn and total fumes were 0.304 ± 0.256 mg/m3and 21.52 ± 9.40 mg/m3, respectively. The urine Mn levels in the various groups ranged between 0.77 to 7.58 µg/l. The correlation between airborne Mn and urinary Mn was significant for total whole participants. Some values of spirometric indices were statistically lower in welders rather than controls.ConclusionsOur results indicate that many welders have been exposed to higher concentrations of Mn‐containing welding fumes. Urinary Mn can be used as a biomarker for Mn exposure. There were weak inverse correlations between Mn‐containing welding fumes and pulmonary function indices, and the inverse correlation between urinary Mn with forced vital capacities (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) was significant.
Effect of Reduced Illumination on Insomnia in Office Workers
Authors: Kozaki Tomoaki , Miura Nobuhiko , Takahashi Masaya , Yasukouchi Akira 
Published: May 2012

Effect of Reduced Illumination on Insomnia in Office Workers: Tomoaki KOZAKI, et al. Faculty of Design, Kyushu University—ObjectiveWe evaluated the possible effects of reduced illumination in the workplace on insomnia among office workers.MethodsSeventy‐two office workers answered the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) in July 2009 (under ordinary illumination, OI conditions) and July 2010 (under reduced illumination, RI conditions). The workers were divided into three groups, indoor workers (IWs), semioutdoor workers (SWs) and outdoor workers (OWs), according to the frequency of working outside of the office because a worker with a high frequency of working outside of the office might rarely be exposed to the lighting condition within an office. The first five items of the AIS (AIS‐5) were used to assess sleep difficulties, and the last three items (AIS‐3) assessed next‐day consequences of sleep or daytime symptoms, which often result from insomnia and/or sleep disorders.ResultsIlluminance levels at a height of 1,100 mm from the floor under the RI conditions (550–490 lux) were significantly lower than under the OI conditions (750–700 lux). The AIS‐5 score of the IWs was significantly increased under the RI conditions compared with the OI conditions. There was no difference in AIS‐3 scores between conditions for any group.ConclusionIndoor workers hardly went outside of the office and were exposed only to office light during the daytime. Thus, the underexposure to light could have had an impact on insomnia in those individuals. A novel lighting environment is required to optimize work‐related levels of light exposure.
Risky Music-Listening Behaviors and Associated Health-Risk Behaviors
Authors: Vogel Ineke , van de Looij-Jansen Petra M. , Mieloo Cathelijne L. , Burdorf Alex , de Waart Frouwkje 
Published: May 2012

OBJECTIVE:
To examine, among adolescents and emerging adults attending inner-city lower education, associations between risky music-listening behaviors (from MP3 players and in discotheques and at pop concerts) and more traditional health-risk behaviors: substance use (cigarettes, alcohol, cannabis, and hard drugs) and unsafe sexual intercourse.

METHODS:
A total of 944 students in Dutch inner-city senior-secondary vocational schools completed questionnaires about their music-listening and traditional health-risk behaviors. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations between music-listening and traditional health-risk behaviors.

RESULTS:
Risky MP3-player listeners used cannabis more often during the past 4 weeks. Students exposed to risky sound levels during discotheque and pop concert attendance used cannabis less often during the past 4 weeks, were more often binge drinkers, and reported inconsistent condom use during sexual intercourse.

CONCLUSIONS:
The coexistence of risky music-listening behaviors with other health-risk behaviors provides evidence in support of the integration of risky music-listening behaviors within research on and programs aimed at reducing more traditional health-risk behaviors, such as substance abuse and unsafe sexual intercourse.
Transient Neonatal Hypocalcemia: Presentation and Outcomes
Authors: Thomas Teena C. , Smith Joshua M. , White Perrin C. , Adhikari Soumya 
Published: May 2012

OBJECTIVE:To determine the incidence of moderate-to-severe transient neonatal hypocalcemia in term neonates and to describe the characteristics of affected infants and the outcomes of their management.METHODS:We reviewed medical records of all term infants &lt;31 days of age who presented to Children’s Medical Center Dallas from 2001 to 2009 with hypocalcemia (ionized calcium &lt;1.00 mmol/L [4.00 mg/dL]).RESULTS:Seventy-eight infants met criteria. Median (interquartile range) age at admission was 8.0 (7.0–10.0) days, and median duration of admission was 3.0 (2.0–4.0) days. Most infants were male (71.8%) and Hispanic (62.8%). Neonates were generally severely hypocalcemic and hyperphosphatemic. Seventy-five of 78 were hypomagnesemic, and the majority had low or inappropriately normal parathyroid hormone responses. Levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were ≤62.4 nmol/L (25 ng/mL) in all 42 infants in whom they were determined. All infants responded to therapy of limited duration with 1 or more of the following: calcium supplements, calcitriol, low phosphorus formula, and magnesium supplementation. Neuroimaging did not affect management decisions in any neonate.CONCLUSIONS:Moderate-to-severe late-onset neonatal hypocalcemia is more common in Hispanic and male infants, is often a sign of coexistent vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency and hypomagnesemia, and is readily managed with therapy of limited duration. Neonates presenting with seizures who are found to be hypocalcemic are unlikely to benefit from neuroimaging evaluations.
Missed Opportunities in the Referral of High-Risk Infants to Early Intervention
Authors: Tang Brian G. , Feldman Heidi M. , Huffman Lynne C. , Kagawa Kimie J. , Gould Jeffrey B. 
Published: May 2012

OBJECTIVE:
Using a statewide population-based data source, we describe current neonatal follow-up referral practices for high-risk infants with developmental delays throughout California.

METHODS:
From a cohort analysis of quality improvement data from 66 neonatal follow-up programs in the California Children’s Services and California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative High-Risk Infant Follow-Up Quality of Care Initiative, 5129 high-risk infants were evaluated at the first visit between 4 and 8 months of age in neonatal follow-up. A total of 1737 high-risk infants were evaluated at the second visit between 12 and 16 months of age. We calculated referral rates in relation to developmental status (high versus low concern) based on standardized developmental testing or screening.

RESULTS:
Among infants with low concerns (standard score &gt;70 or passed screen) at the first visit, 6% were referred to early intervention; among infants with high concerns, 28% of infants were referred to early intervention. Even after including referrals to other (private) therapies, 34% infants with high concerns did not receive any referrals. These rates were similar for the second visit.

CONCLUSIONS:
In spite of the specialization of neonatal follow-up programs to identify high-risk infants with developmental delays, a large proportion of potentially eligible infants were not referred to early intervention.
Hypertonic Saline and Acute Wheezing in Preschool Children
Authors: Ater Dorit , Shai Hanita , Bar Bat-El , Fireman Nir , Tasher Diana , Dalal Ilan , Ballin Ami , Mandelberg Avigdor 
Published: May 2012

BACKGROUND:
Most acute wheezing episodes in preschool children are associated with rhinovirus. Rhinovirus decreases extracellular adenosine triphosphate levels, leading to airway surface liquid dehydration. This, along with submucosal edema, mucus plaques, and inflammation, causes failure of mucus clearance. These preschool children do not respond well to available treatments, even oral steroids. This calls for pro–mucus clearance and prohydration treatments such as hypertonic saline in wheezing preschool children.

METHODS:
Randomized, controlled, double-blind study. Forty-one children (mean age 31.9 ± 17.4 months, range 1–6 years) presented with wheezing to the emergency department were randomized after 1 albuterol inhalation to receive either 4 mL of hypertonic saline 5% (HS) (n = 16) or 4 mL of normal saline (NS) (n = 25), both with 0.5 mL albuterol, twice every 20 minutes in the emergency department and 4 times a day thereafter if hospitalized. The primary outcome measured was length of stay (LOS) and the secondary outcomes were admission rate (AR) and clinical severity score.

RESULTS:
The LOS was significantly shorter in the HS than in the NS group: median 2 days (range 0–6) versus 3 days (range 0–5) days (P = .027). The AR was significantly lower in the HS than the NS group: 62.2% versus 92%. Clinical severity score improved significantly in both groups but did not reach significance between them.

CONCLUSIONS:
Using HS inhalations significantly shortens LOS and lowers AR in preschool children presenting with an acute wheezing episode to the emergency department.
Brief Motivational Interviewing Intervention for Peer Violence and Alcohol Use in Teens: One-Year Follow-up
Authors: Cunningham Rebecca M. , Chermack Stephen T. , Zimmerman Marc A. , Shope Jean T. , Bingham C. Raymond , Blow Frederic C. , Walton Maureen A. 
Published: May 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Emergency department (ED) visits present an opportunity to deliver brief interventions (BIs) to reduce violence and alcohol misuse among urban adolescents at risk for future injury. Previous analyses demonstrated that a BI resulted in reductions in violence and alcohol consequences up to 6 months. This article describes findings examining the efficacy of BIs on peer violence and alcohol misuse at 12 months.

METHODS:
Patients (14–18 years of age) at an ED reporting past year alcohol use and aggression were enrolled in the randomized control trial, which included computerized assessment, random assignment to control group or BI delivered by a computer or therapist assisted by a computer. The main outcome measures (at baseline and 12 months) included violence (peer aggression, peer victimization, violence-related consequences) and alcohol (alcohol misuse, binge drinking, alcohol-related consequences).

RESULTS:
A total of 3338 adolescents were screened (88% participation). Of those, 726 screened positive for violence and alcohol use and were randomly selected; 84% completed 12-month follow-up. In comparison with the control group, the therapist assisted by a computer group showed significant reductions in peer aggression (P &lt; .01) and peer victimization (P &lt; .05) at 12 months. BI and control groups did not differ on alcohol-related variables at 12 months.

CONCLUSIONS:
Evaluation of the SafERteens intervention 1 year after an ED visit provides support for the efficacy of computer-assisted therapist brief intervention for reducing peer violence.
Effects of PLGA Nano Patterns on the Responses of Healthy Osteoblasts
Authors: Wang Yongchen , Zhang Lijuan , Sun Linlin , Webster Thomas J. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTPoly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) films with flat surfaces and with 27nm, 190nm, 300nm, 400nm, and 520nm surface features were synthesized using a template method with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) molds. The nano patterns were transferred from the self-assembled polystyrene beads to the PLGA films through PDMS molds. After synthesis, the nano patterns were confirmed by AFM height scans. In order to investigate the influence of the materials on bone cells, healthy human osteoblasts were cultured on the PLGA films. The 27nm PLGA surface showed the maximum osteoblast adhesion density and a significant increase compared with the other surface features. For these reasons, and since previous studies have highlighted that similar nanometer surface features on PLGA decreased functions of other cancer cells, this study suggests that PLGA with 27nm surface features should be further studied for bone cancer applications where healthy bone cell functions need to be promoted and cancerous bone cell functions inhibited.
In Vitro Marginal Fit of Three All-Ceramic Crown Systems Before and After Cementation
Authors: Borges GA , Faria JS , Agarwal P , Spohr AM , Correr-Sobrinho L , Miranzi BAS 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARY

Statement of the Problem
Full-coverage all-ceramic restorations are widely used. The impact of various classifications of luting agent on marginal discrepancies is not well understood.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cervical fit of all ceramic crowns (IPS e.maxPress, Cergogold, and In Ceram) on bovine teeth with two luting agents before and after cementation.

Materials and Methods
Ninety bovine incisors were embedded in resin. The coronal portions of the teeth were prepared to receive full-coverage crowns. Thirty crowns of 7.0 ± 0.5 mm height, 8.0 mm cervical diameter, and 4.2 mm incisal diameter were fabricated for each ceramic system. The crowns were seated on the teeth, and the marginal discrepancy was measured using a measuring microscope. Then, 15 crowns of each ceramic system were luted on the teeth with resin cement (Variolink II) or resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Rely X luting), and the marginal discrepancy was measured. The results were submitted to analysis of variance, t test and Tukey's test (p&lt;0.05).

Results
The three ceramic systems showed cervical fits after cementation statistically inferior to cervical fits before cementation for the two cements. The IPS e.maxPress showed values for cervical fit statistically superior to Cergogold before cementation. No statistically significant difference was found between IPS e.maxPress and In Ceram and In Ceram and Cergogold. After cementation, no statistically significant difference was found for the three ceramics systems when luted with resin or resin-modified glass ionomer luting agents.

Conclusions
Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that both cements studied increase the marginal discrepancy between the crown and the preparation for the three ceramic systems evaluated.
Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage of Silorane-based Composite and Nanohybrid Composite With or Without Polyethylene Fiber Inserts in Class II Restorations: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Agrawal VS , Parekh VV , Shah NC 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARY

Aim
To evaluate microleakage between nanocomposite and silorane composite in class II restorations with or without a polyethylene fiber insert.

Methodology
Standardized class II cavities were prepared on extracted molars and randomly divided into 4 groups (n=20 each): group 1, Ceram X mono; group 2, Ceram X mono + Ribbond; group 3, Filtek P90; and Group 4, Filtek P90 + Ribbond. All specimens were subjected to a thermocycling regime, immersed in 2% methylene blue dye for 24 hours, sectioned longitudinally, and examined under a stereomicroscope to assess dye penetration on a six-point scale. The score data were subjected to statistical analysis whereby Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance was used for multiple group comparisons and the Mann-Whitney test for groupwise comparisons at a significance level of p≤0.05.

Results
A statistically significant decrease in microleakage was found when Ribbond fiber was used with nanoceramic and silorane composite. A highly significant decrease in microleakage scores was found in silorane composite when compared to nanoceramic composite.

Conclusion
Use of polyethylene fiber and silorane composite reduces microleakage in class II composite restorations with gingival margins below the cemento-enamel junction.