bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adipokines and metabolic syndrome risk factors in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Roca‐Rodríguez M. Mar , López‐Tinoco Cristina , Fernández‐Deudero Álvaro , Murri Mora , García‐Palacios María Victoria , García‐Valero M. Amor , Tinahones‐Madueño Francisco J. , Aguilar‐Diosdado Manuel 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been recognized as a significant risk factor for metabolic syndrome and CVD. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationships between levels of cytokines, components of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk markers in women with previous gestational diabetes.MethodsWomen (n = 41) with gestational diabetes background (cases) and 21 healthy women (controls) in the postpartum period were enrolled. Demographic and clinical data, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and uric acid and adipokine levels (TNF‐α, IL‐6, leptin and adiponectin) were compared and their relationships analysed. Metabolic syndrome prevalence was calculated by WHO and NCEP‐ATPIII definitions.ResultsThere were significant differences between cases and controls: body mass index (kg/m2) 27.4 ± 5.6 vs 23.9 ± 3.6 (p = 0.013), waist circumference (cm) 85.2 ± 12.9 vs 77.5 ± 9.0 (p = 0.017), metabolic syndrome (WHO definition) 14.6% vs 0% (p = 0.012), metabolic syndrome (NCEP‐ATPIII definition) 22% vs 0% (p = 0.002), low HDL 36.6% vs 9.5% (p = 0.024), fasting glucose (mmol/L) 5.4 ± 0.6 vs 4.9 ± 0.2 (p < 0.001), glucose 120′ oral glucose tolerance test (mmol/L) 5.8 ± 1.7vs 4.7 ± 0.8 (p = 0.007), fasting insulin (μU/mL) 13.4 ± 8.1 vs 8.4 ± 4.3 (p = 0.004), HOMA index 3.3 ± 2.3 vs 1.8 ± 1.0 (p = 0.002), HbA1c (%) 5.4 ± 0.2 vs 5.2 ± 0.2 (p = 0.021), uric acid (mg/dL) 4.1 ± 1 vs 3.5 ± 0.6 (p = 0.009), leptin (ng/mL) 32 025.5 ± 19 917.3 vs 20 258.9 ± 16 359.9 (p = 0.023), respectively.ConclusionsWomen with previous gestational diabetes have central adiposity, atherogenic lipid profile, carbohydrate intolerance and adverse adipokine profile, all of which are risk factors for the future development of metabolic disease and CVD. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neurogenesis and progenitor cells in the adult human brain: A comparison between hippocampal and subventricular progenitor proliferation
Authors: Curtis Maurice A. , Low Victoria F. , Faull Richard L.M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractFor more than a decade, we have known that the human brain harbors progenitor cells capable of becoming mature neurons in the adult human brain. Since the original landmark article by Eriksson etal. in1998 (Nat Med 4:1313‐1317), there have been many studies investigating the effect that depression, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's disease have on the germinal zones in the adult human brain. Of particular interest is the demonstration that there are far fewer progenitor cells in the hippocampal subgranular zone (SGZ) compared with the subventricular zone (SVZ) in the human brain. Furthermore, the quantity of progenitor cell proliferation in human neurodegenerative diseases differs from that of animal models of neurodegenerative diseases; there is minimal progenitor proliferation in the SGZ and extensive proliferation in the SVZ in the human. In this review, we will present the data from a range of human and rodent studies from which we can compare the amount of proliferation of cells in the SVZ and SGZ in different neurodegenerative diseases. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 72: 990–1005, 2012
Generation of Nkx2.2:lacZ mice using recombination‐mediated cassette exchange technology
Authors: Arnes Luis , Leclerc Kevin , Friel Jessica M. , Hipkens Susan B. , Magnuson Mark A. , Sussel Lori 
Published: April 2012

AbstractNkx2.2 encodes a homeodomain transcription factor required for the correct specification and/or differentiation of cells in the pancreas, intestine, and central nervous system (CNS). To follow the fate of cells deleted for Nkx2.2 within these tissues, we generated Nkx2.2:lacZ knockin mice using a recombination‐mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) approach. Expression analysis of lacZ and/or β‐galactosidase in Nkx2.2lacZ/+ heterozygote embryos and adults demonstrates that lacZ faithfully recapitulates endogenous Nkx2.2 expression. Furthermore, the Nkx2.2lacZ/lacZ homozygous embryos display phenotypes indistinguishable from the previously characterized Nkx2.2−/− strain. LacZ expression analyses in the Nkx2.2lacZ/lacZ homozygous embryos indicate that Nkx2.2‐expressing progenitor cells within the pancreas are generated in their normal numbers and are not mislocalized within the pancreatic ductal epithelium or developing islets. In the CNS of Nkx2.2lacZ/lacZ embryos, LacZ‐expressing cells within the ventral P3 progenitor domain display different migration properties depending on the developmental stage and their respective differentiation potential. genesis 50:612–624, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Shifts in morphology and diet of non‐native sticklebacks introduced into Japanese crater lakes
Authors: Adachi Tatsuya , Ishikawa Asano , Mori Seiichi , Makino Wataru , Kume Manabu , Kawata Masakado , Kitano Jun 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAn increasing number of exotic animals are causing ecological problems. Therefore, for better ecosystem management, it is important to understand how exotic species colonize and adapt to novel environments. The threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) can be a good vertebrate model system to explore the ecological and genetic mechanisms of adaptation not only in natural populations, but also in non‐native populations. Although morphological changes have been documented in several introduced populations of stickleback, little is known about the dietary changes during colonization into novel environments. Here, we investigated the morphological and dietary changes of exotic threespine stickleback populations introduced into three Japanese crater lakes (Lake Towada, Lake Kussharo, and Lake Shikotsu). Sticklebacks were introduced into the crater lakes likely along with salmonids transplanted for aquaculture. The stickleback population in Lake Kussharo had multiple mitochondrial haplotypes and had larger phenotypic variances than other crater lake stickleback populations that had only one mitochondrial haplotype. Compilation of historical data on the morphology and stomach contents of the Lake Towada stickleback population showed that substantial shifts in body size and stomach contents occurred after colonization. Some of these changes may be related to an outbreak of theSchistocephalusparasite. These results suggest that sticklebacks can change their morphology and trophic ecology when they colonize novel environments. Therefore, extreme care should be taken when salmonids are transported between watersheds for aquaculture and that long‐term monitoring of exotic species is essential for ecosystem management. In addition, further genetic studies on phenotypic changes in crater lake sticklebacks would help elucidate the genetic mechanisms underlying the adaptation of exotic fishes to novel environments.
A Three‐phase Model of the Social Emotional Functioning in Eating Disorders
Authors: Treasure Janet , Corfield Freya , Cardi Valentina 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundProblems with social emotional functioning are an important part of eating disorder psychopathology.AimThis study aimed to propose a model of social emotional functioning before and during the illness and to explain the consequences for those involved.MethodWe propose a three‐phase model of social and emotional processes as both causal and maintaining factors in anorexia nervosa. The predictions from this model are examined, and we consider the relevance for treatment.ResultsThe evidence base for the theoretical model is presented: Phase 1 describes causal predispositions and environments, Phase 2 notes the way in which the symptoms themselves impact on brain function and social cognition and Phase 3 explains the reactions of close others.ConclusionsA three‐phase model including interpersonal and socio‐emotional elements can be used to shape and plan treatment interventions. Understanding causal chains and consequences can give a rationale for change and frame therapeutic interventions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Application of 210Pbex inventories to measure net hillslope erosion at burned sites
Authors: Perreault Lauren M. , Yager Elowyn M. , Aalto Rolf 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTFallout radionuclides, including lead‐210 excess (210Pbex), have been broadly and successfully used to quantify net hillslope sediment transport in agricultural, pastoral and forested landscapes but have only recently been applied in burned terrain. Quantifying post‐fire erosion is important because fires can amplify hillslope erosion, impacting terrestrial and aquatic habitat and water quality. However, we lack a basic understanding of the fate of 210Pbex in fires. To address this knowledge gap, we collected over 400 soil samples from unburned, moderately and severely burned forested sites in central Idaho. We measured soil 210Pbex content at stable reference and eroding sites and in mineral and organic soil components. At all sites, organic matter had the highest concentration of 210Pbex, representing 30% to 73% of the total activity. At the severely and moderately burned sites, 210Pbex reference inventories were lower by 58% and 41%, with about 40% less organic mass, relative to the unburned site. These results indicate that most 210Pbex in our semi‐arid, forested sites was bound to organic matter, and that a substantial portion of this lead was lost due to forest fires. These losses likely occurred through volatilization and wind transport of smoke and ash. In the moderately burned site, 210Pbex losses were more spatially variable, potentially due to spatially uneven fire intensity and effects. Despite equal percent losses of 210Pbex, lower inventories at the burned sites produced lower calculated net erosion rates relative to the unburned site. Thus, given methodological uncertainties, 210Pbex losses due to fire, and the subsequent sensitivity of calculated net erosion rates to these lower 210Pbex inventories, we suggest this method should not be used in burned terrain to calculate absolute net erosion and deposition rates. However, within a given burned site, 210Pbex inventories still provide useful information describing relative soil losses and storage across the landscape. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Splitting rivers at their seams: bifurcations and avulsion
Authors: Kleinhans Maarten G. , Ferguson Robert I. , Lane Stuart N. , Hardy Richard J. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTRiver bifurcations are critical but poorly understood elements of many geomorphological systems. They are integral elements of alluvial fans, braided rivers, fluvial lowland plains, and deltas and control the partitioning of water and sediment through these systems. Bifurcations are commonly unstable but their lifespan varies greatly. In braided rivers bars and channels migrate, split and merge at annual or shorter timescales, thereby creating and abandoning bifurcations. This behaviour has been studied mainly by geomorphologists and fluid dynamicists. Bifurcations also exist during avulsion, the process of a river changing course on a floodplain or in a delta, which may take 102–103 years and has been studied mainly by sedimentologists. This review synthesizes our current understanding of bifurcations and brings together insights from different research communities and different environmental settings. We consider the causes and initiation of bifurcations and avulsion, the physical mechanisms controlling bifurcation and avulsion evolution, mathematical and numerical modelling of these processes, and the possibility of stable bifurcations. We end the review with some open questions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plasma neopterin level as a marker of peripheral immune activation in amnestic mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Parker Daniel C. , Mielke Michelle M. , Yu Qilu , Rosenberg Paul B. , Jain Alka , Lyketsos Constantine G. , Fedarko Neal S. , Oh Esther S. 
Published: April 2012

ObjectiveAlterations of the immune system play important roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The primary purpose of this study was to compare the plasma levels of neopterin, a marker of cellular immune activity, in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), early (mild to moderate) AD, and cognitively normal controls. In addition, the correlation of plasma neopterin with interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) was also examined.MethodsPlasma samples from patients with mild‐to‐moderate AD (N = 34), aMCI (N = 27), and cognitively normal controls (N = 30) were obtained from the Johns Hopkins Alzheimer's Disease Research Center. Plasma neopterin, IFN‐γ, and IL‐6 levels were measured using commercially available ELISAs. Multiple linear regression was performed to study differences in the baseline neopterin levels between normal, aMCI, and AD patients. Pearson correlation coefficients were estimated for neopterin and IFN‐γ and IL‐6 levels. All analyses were conducted using SAS (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC) and GraphPad Prism version 5.00 for Window (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA).ResultsAD subjects had significantly higher neopterin values compared with aMCI (β = 0.202, p = 0.004) and normal (β = 0.263, p = 0.0004) subjects. There was no statistically significant difference between normal and aMCI subjects. Significant associations between neopterin and IFN‐γ (r = 0.41, p < 0.0001) and IL‐6 (r = 0.35, p = 0.0006) levels were found.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that peripheral immune response may be stronger in later stages of AD pathophysiology, when dementia has developed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxidative metal‐free cross‐coupling of secondary phosphine chalcogenides and benzenediols: Synthesis of phosphinochalcogenoic O‐diesters
Authors: Gusarova Nina K. , Volkov Pavel A. , Ivanova Nina I. , Larina Ludmila I. , Trofimov Boris A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBenzenediols react with 2 equiv of secondary phosphine chalcogenides in the CCl4–Et3N system under mild conditions (50–52°C, 1.5–13 h) to give phosphinochalcogenoic O‐diesters in 62–91% isolated yields. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 23:322–328, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.21020
Oncologic outcome in surgical management of jugular paraganglioma and factors influencing outcomes
Authors: Lope Ahmad Raja Ahmad R. , Sivalingam Shailendra , Konishi Masaya , De Donato Giuseppe , Sanna Mario 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to identify the factors that may influence the management outcome in patients with jugular paragangliomas.MethodsThe surgical records of 121 cases of jugular paraganglioma (Fisch classifications C and D) were reviewed.ResultsThe average follow‐up was 88 months. Intracranial extension (ICE; Fisch classification De and Di) constitutes 55.4% of the cases. Two cases had a malignant jugular paraganglioma. Complete tumor resection was achieved in 81.8% of the cases, and there was evidence of recurrence in 4.0% from this group. Surgical tumor control was achieved in 96% of cases. Perioperative complications consisted mainly of cerebrospinal fluid leakage in 1.6% of the cases. The lower cranial nerve (CN) was preserved in 63% of the patients mainly in the cases without ICE.ConclusionThe infratemporal fossa approach type A allows for complete tumor resection with low perioperative morbidity and recurrence rates. The significant influential factors were the severity of ICE and internal carotid artery involvement. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
The “Purification” for Multiagent Textile Production Manufacturing and Management System and Its Optimization Design
Authors: Shao Jingfeng , Liu Sheng , Wang Jinfu , Li Yonggang , Liu Haiping 
Published: April 2012

AbstractTo solve the backward status of the textile enterprise, which included the inefficiency of management work, the complexity of business process, and the isolation of business data, first, through using multiagent technology, a production manufacturing and management system structure model based on multiagents was proposed, the rationality of the model was introduced, and the existed production planning was optimized. Then, a flexible collaboration management platform was formed, which was for production manufacturing and management. Meanwhile, the correlation degree among production data was analyzed, and the influencing factors affecting the accuracy of production data was introduced via brittleness theory and fuzz C means clustering algorithm (FCM). Third, a coupling relationship model for analyzing influencing factor, and a dynamic quality performance model based on brittleness theory was designed, respectively. As proved in practice, the multiagent system has strengthened the interactivity of both the user and the system, met the requirements of production manufacturing and management, ensured the correctness of business data, achieved the heterogeneous integration of production data, and promoted the information development of the textile industry. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Model uncertainty in economic impacts of climate change: Bernoulli versus Lotka Volterra dynamics
Authors: Cooke Roger M 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The dynamic economic behavior in most integrated assessment models linking economic growth to climate change involves a differential equation solved by Jacob Bernoulli in 1695. Using the dynamic integrated climate economy (DICE) model and freezing exogenous variables at initial values, this dynamic is shown to produce implausible projections on a 60-year time frame. If world capital started at US$1, after 60 years the world economy would be indistinguishable from one starting with 10 times the current capitalization. Such behavior points to uncertainty at the level of the fundamental dynamics, and suggests that discussions of discounting, utility, damage functions, and ethics should be conducted within a more general modeling vocabulary. Lotka Volterra dynamics is proposed as an alternative with greater prime facie plausibility. With near universality, economists assume that economic growth will go on forever. Lotka Volterra dynamics alert us to the possibility of collapse. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2013; 9: 2–6. © 2012 SETAC
Pattern and Density of Vascularization in Mammalian Testes, Ovaries, and Ovotestes
Authors: LUPIÁÑEZ DARÍO G. , REAL FRANCISCA M. , DADHICH RAJESH K. , CARMONA FRANCISCO D. , BURGOS MIGUEL , BARRIONUEVO FRANCISCO J. , JIMÉNEZ RAFAEL 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTAccording to the classical paradigm, the vasculature of the embryonic testis is more dense and complex than that of the ovary, but recent studies based on whole‐mount detection of Caveolin‐1 (CAV1) as an endothelial cell marker, have suggested that the level of ovarian vascularization is higher than previously assumed. However, this new hypothesis has been neither tested using alternative methodology nor investigated in other mammalian species. In this paper, we have studied the vascularization process in the gonads of males and females of two mammalian species, the mouse (Mus musculus) and the Iberian mole (Talpa occidentalis). Our results show that the pattern of testis vascularization is very well conserved among mammals, including both pre‐ and postnatal stages of development and, at least in the mole, it is conserved irrespectively of whether the testicular tissue is XY or XX. We have shown that CAV1 is present not only in endothelial cells but also in prefollicular oocytes and in an ovarian population of somatic cortical cells. These data clearly establish that: (1) according to the classical hypothesis, the degree of vascularization of the developing ovary is lower than that of the testis, (2) ovarian vascularization is also evolutionarily conserved as it occurs similarly both in moles and in mice, and (3) that the degree of vascular development of the mammalian ovary is age‐dependent increasing significatively at puberty. The expression of CAV1 in the ovary of most animal taxa, from nematodes to mammals, strongly suggests a role for this gene in the female meiosis. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 318:170–181, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expression Patterns of runx2, sparc, and bgp During Scale Regeneration in the Goldfish Carassius auratus
Authors: IIMURA KURIN , TOHSE HIDEKAZU , URA KAZUHIRO , TAKAGI YASUAKI 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTTeleost fish scale is a dermal skeleton equipped with a strong regenerative ability. Owing to this regenerative ability, teleost fish scale can be used as a model for the regeneration of the dermal skeleton. However, there is insufficient fundamental knowledge of the regeneration, and this limits the usage of fish scale. In this study, as a first step toward understanding the molecular mechanism of the cellular differentiation during scale regeneration, we cloned the cDNAs for osteoblast‐related proteins (Runx2, Sparc, and Bgp) in goldfish, and analyzed their expressions during scale regeneration. The expression profiles of these genes during scale regeneration were similar to those during mammalian osteoblastic differentiation. Specifically, runx2 expression was increased at the earliest time point, followed by sparc expression and then bgp expression. In the earlier stages, these genes were expressed in cells that formed cellular condensations and the flat cells surrounding them in the scale pocket. As the regeneration proceeded, the expressions became restricted to the episquamal, hyposquamal, and marginal scleroblasts and the cells around the marginal area of the regenerating scale. These results strongly suggest that (1) the differentiation mechanism of scleroblasts is similar to that of mammalian osteoblasts and odontoblasts, (2) scleroblast differentiation occurs around the cellular condensations at the early regeneration stage and is restricted to the marginal area of the scale at the later stage, and (3) the differentiation mechanisms are similar between the episquamal scleroblasts that produce the external layer and the hyposquamal scleroblasts that produce the basal plate. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 318:190–198, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Small Number of Genes Underlie Male Pigmentation Traits in Lake Malawi Cichlid Fishes
Authors: O'QUIN CLAIRE T. , DRILEA ALEXI C. , ROBERTS READE B. , KOCHER THOMAS D. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTPigmentation patterns are one of the most recognizable forms of phenotypic diversity and an important component of organismal fitness. While much progress has been made in understanding the genes controlling pigmentation in model systems, many questions remain about the genetic basis of pigment traits observed in nature. Lake Malawi cichlid fishes are known for their diversity of male pigmentation patterns, which have been shaped by sexual selection. To begin the process of identifying the genes underlying this diversity, we quantified the number of pigment cells on the body and fins of two species of the genus Metriaclima and their hybrids. We then used the Castle–Wright equation to estimate that differences in individual pigmentation traits between these species are controlled by one to four genes each. Different pigmentation traits are highly correlated in the F2, suggesting shared developmental pathways and genetic pleiotropy. Melanophore and xanthophore traits fall on opposite ends of the first principal component axis of the F2 phenotypes, suggesting a tradeoff during the development of these two pigment cell types. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 318:199–208, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.