bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Refuge for the Homeless’: Not at Home in Romanticism and Comparative Literature
Authors: McGrath Brian 
Published: July 2010

Abstract“‘Refuge for the Homeless’: Not at Home in Romanticism and Comparative Literature” explores the romantic legacy of Comparative Literature. Like many romantic texts, the discipline of Comparative Literature invites and catalogs doubts about its self‐definition and so stages the temporal relationship between act and interpretation. In particular, I focus on William Wordsworth’s “Resolution and Independence” and link questions Wordsworth raises about what it means to feel at home to what Theodore Adorno identifies as part of morality today: not feeling too much at home at home. I connect Comparative Literature’s struggle with its own self‐definition to a romantic project that investigates the draw but also the threat of vagrancy and refuge, home and its negation.
Direct integration of cell‐free‐synthesized connexin‐43 into liposomes and hemichannel formation
Authors: Moritani Yuki , Nomura Shin‐ichiro M. , Morita Ikuo , Akiyoshi Kazunari 
Published: July 2010

Proteoliposomes were directly prepared by synthesizing membrane proteins with the use of minimal protein synthesis factors isolated from Escherichia coli (the PURE system) in the presence of liposomes. Connexin‐43 (Cx43), which is a water‐insoluble integral membrane protein that forms a hexameric complex in membranes, was cotranslationally integrated with an essentially uniform orientation in liposomes. The addition of liposomes following protein expression (post‐translational presence of liposomes) did not lead to the integration of Cx43 into the liposome membranes. The amount of integrated Cx43 increased as the liposome concentration increased. The presence of liposomes did not influence the total amount of synthesized Cx43. The Cx43 integrated into the liposome membranes formed open membrane pores. These results indicate that the liposomes act in a chaperone‐like manner by preventing Cx43 from aggregating in solution, because of integration into the bilayer, and also by functionalization of the integrated Cx43 in the membrane. This is the first report that cell‐free‐synthesized water‐insoluble membrane protein is directly integrated with a uniform orientation as a functional oligomer into liposome membranes. This simple proteoliposome preparation procedure should be a valuable approach for structural and functional studies of membrane proteins.Structured digital abstract
MINT‐7900670: Cx‐43 (uniprotkb:P08050) and Cx‐43 (uniprotkb:P08050) bind (MI:0407) by cross‐linking study (MI:0030)
Decision‐making process of patients with gynecological cancer regarding their cancer treatment choices using the analytic hierarchy process
Authors: KITAMURA Yuko 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAim:  In order to support patients' decision‐making regarding cancer treatments, it is important to clarify which criteria that cancer patients use to set priorities in their treatment choices. Using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), a mathematical decision‐making method, this article investigates the criteria and the priorities of patients with gynecological cancer.Methods:  In the AHP, multiple and hierarchical criteria in the decision‐making process were organized by a repeated pairwise judgment of the participants so as to serialize the alternatives along with the rational order of the priorities. For the alternatives “to receive treatment” and “to not receive treatment,” the following five criteria were set: “anxiety about relapse and metastasis”, “distress about side‐effects”, “advice of family”, “advice of medical staff”, and “economic burden”. The participants determined a pairwise priority scale, as well as a priority scale between the alternatives for every criterion. The logical consistency of their answers was checked by a consistency index (CI). The participants were 31 patients with ovarian or endometrial cancer who were being followed up after undergoing surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy.Results:  Of the participants who answered the questionnaire, 17 satisfied the logical consistency. Of the five criteria for the treatment choices, “anxiety about relapse and metastasis” and “advice of medical staff” were found to be the important factors for treatment choice; however, the weight attached to the priority criteria differed much among the patients.Conclusion:  The AHP made it possible to support patients' decision‐making in order to clarify their priority criteria and to quantitatively present their decision‐making process.
Nominalizations: A Probe into the Architecture of Grammar Part I: The Nominalization Puzzle
Authors: Alexiadou Artemis 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNominalizations have remained in the center of linguistic discussion at least since 1960, and one might be correct in stating that they are still much of a puzzle. In this paper, I offer a partial historical overview of the literature on nominalizations, beginning with a discussion of Chomsky’s Remarks on nominalization, surveying the lexicon vs. syntax debate that characterized the research in this area during the 80s and 90s, and concluding with the presentation of some work that focuses on event structure and aspectual properties of nominalizations.
De/Re‐Centring Work and Class?: A Review and Critique of Labour Geography
Authors: Rutherford Tod 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this paper I examine how labour geographer’s research on the work‐place, the wage relation and class have evolved and assess their implications for the sub‐discipline. Since the early 1990s post‐structural and post‐structurally informed Marxist approaches have both challenged classical Marxism and added new insights. In particular, the former have de‐centred the formal work‐place as a site of value production, exploitation and class and emphasized the critical role of intersectionality of class with other identities such as gender and race. Paralleling and informing this shift has been a significant restructuring of capitalism as formerly stable employment is disrupted via (often global) outsourcing, downsizing and the blurring of enterprises and organizations. Thus post‐structural perspectives have developed important insights into the active agency and the differentiated nature of labour, the work‐place and class. Yet despite some congruence between post‐structural and Marxist approaches I argue that there remain important empirical and theoretical concerning the work‐place, the wage‐ relation and class. I conclude that while post‐structural approaches are correct in arguing that the formal work‐place and wage relation are not the exclusive sites of work, surplus production or class identity, over‐emphasize the decline of the formal work‐place and the wage relation’s role in collectivity and class identity more traditional Marxian concerning this relationship remain powerfully relevant to both labour geography and progressive politics.
Social Sustainability and the City
Authors: Davidson Mark 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOver the past 25 years, sustainability has become a key consideration for city governments. However, many sustainability initiatives have remained dogged by the concept’s nebulous character. The development of the triple‐bottom‐line conceptualization of sustainability – environment, economy, society – has been seen as potentially offering a solution to this problem. This paper reviews recent engagements in academic and policy debates with the least examined of the triple‐bottom‐line:social sustainability. It begins by asking if a concern for the social sustainability of cities is anything new. This leads into a review of the ways in which the concept of social sustainability has been developed in the urban literature. Here, varying relations to environmental debates are identified and the intersections between sustainability and contemporary policy thinking flagged. A cursory review of current engagements with social sustainability by city governments, something mostly confined to the Anglo context, flags how issues of definition and application distinguish those approaches developed. In conclusion, the question of whether engagements with social sustainability conform to critiques about the post‐political nature of sustainability is considered.
The Effects of Weather and Climate on the Seasonality of Influenza: What We Know and What We Need to Know
Authors: Fuhrmann Christopher 
Published: July 2010

AbstractInfluenza is one of the most deadly of all airborne and upper‐respiratory infections. On average, 22,000 deaths and over 3 million hospitalizations in USA are attributed to influenza each year. The distinct seasonality of influenza suggests a climate connection, but the wide range of methodologies used to explore this connection makes it difficult to elucidate a definitive relationship. Much of what is known about the effects of weather and climate on the seasonality of influenza stems from research conducted by members of the public health and medical communities, with few contributions from other physical and social science fields. Most of these studies are either based on experiments conducted under controlled laboratory conditions or on the broad‐scale patterns of morbidity and mortality and their relationship to large‐scale climate signals. What remains largely unknown is the suitability of these results for the development of early warning systems and for determining the dynamics of viral transmission on multiple space and time scales.
The Ontario Securities Commission on Accounting and Auditing from the 1960s to 2008–Part 2: The First Four Chief Accountants, 1986–1996*
Authors: ZEFF STEPHEN A. , RADCLIFFE VAUGHAN S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article, Part 2 of a historical review and analysis of the Ontario Securities Commission (OSC), describes the role played by the first four Chief Accountants in the regulation of accounting and auditing from 1986 to 1996. Part 1 dealt with the period from the 1960s to 1985. Part 3 will treat the role played by the fifth Chief Accountant, from 1996 to 2008. As the principal Canadian stock exchange in recent times has been the Toronto Stock Exchange, the OSC has been the most important securities market regulator in Canada. Prior to this article, the academic and professional accounting literature has been largely barren on the OSC’s evolving role on accounting and auditing issues.
Large intestinal mast cell count and proteinase expression is associated with larval burden in cyathostomin‐infected horses
Authors: PICKLES K. J. , MAIR J. A. , LOPEZ‐VILLALOBOS N. , SHAW D. J. , SCOTT I. , POMROY W. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryReasons for performing study: Cyathostomins are the principal pathogenic nematode of equidae worldwide. In other species mast cell (MC) proteinases, in particular chymases, appear to have protective roles. Knowledge of the equine intestinal immune response to cyathostomins is limited.Objective: To investigate MC numbers and proteinase expression in equine cyathostomin‐infected large intestine.Hypothesis: MC populations in the large intestine are positively associated with cyathostomin burden and predominantly express chymase.Methods: The caecal cyathostomin burden of naturally infected horses (n = 25) was determined by luminal counts and pepsin digest (mural count). MC were identified and enumerated in caecal tissue using toluidine blue (TB). Immunofluorescent labelling with polyclonal rabbit antibodies was used to demonstrate expression of equine tryptase and the chymase equine mast cell proteinase‐1 (eqMCP‐1) in Carnoy's fixed caecal sections.Results: Significant positive linear relationships were found between TB‐stained mucosal and submucosal MC counts and total cyathostomin burden (P<0.001, r2>36%), and both luminal (P<0.010, r2>25%) and mural (P<0.001, r2>36%) larval counts. Similar relationships were found with mucosal and submucosal chymase and tryptase‐labelled MC counts (total: P<0.004, r2>29%; luminal: P<0.004, r2>30%; and mural: P<0.030, r2>19%). With all three MC labels, mean MC counts were higher in the submucosa compared to the mucosa (P<0.001). All caecal MC appeared to express chymase, with a small number of MC expressing both tryptase and chymase.Conclusions and potential relevance: Large intestinal MC counts are significantly associated with cyathostomin burden, with a predominance of chymase‐positive MC. The burden is significantly associated with expression of MC proteinases, supporting their likely involvement in the intestinal immune response to cyathostomin infection. Further work to investigate the kinetics of proteinase expression, the possibility of differential proteinase expression and the role of these MC proteinases is warranted.
Discrepancies between research advertisements and disclosure of study locations in trial registrations for USA-sponsored research in Russia
Authors: Patrone D 
Published: July 2010

Background and AimThe full disclosure of all locations at which research is conducted is an important requirement of clinical trial registration. Yet, little is known about how well researchers and sponsors disclose this information in their registrations. The aim of this study is to examine the adequacy of study location disclosure onhttp://ClinicalTrials.gov/for recent USA-sponsored research in the Russian Federation.Methods and ResultsInformation from advertisements for clinical research participation opportunities in Russia was compared with that in the corresponding trial registration inhttp://ClinicalTrials.gov/. Of 218 USA-sponsored trials advertised to Russian patients and physicians, nearly one-third did not disclose Russia as a study location in the registration. Longer trials were more likely to specify Russia as a study location.ConclusionThis study found that recent USA-sponsored clinical trials advertised to patients and physicians in the Russian Federation often do not specify Russia as a study location in their registrations onhttp://ClinicalTrials.gov/. The failure to fully disclose the locations at which research takes place undermines patients' ability to access information about potentially beneficial research opportunities, limits access to information, which may be important for identifying or avoiding ethically questionable practices, and may frustrate the ability to interpret the results of research.
Acceptable risks and burdens for children in research without direct benefit: a systematic analysis of the decisions made by the Dutch Central Committee
Authors: Westra Anna E , Sukhai Rám N , Wit Jan M , de Beaufort Inez D , Cohen Adam F 
Published: July 2010

ObjectivesTo evaluate whether the requirement of “minimal risk and burden” for paediatric research without direct benefit to the subjects compromises the ability to obtain data necessary for improving paediatric care. To provide evidence-based reflections on the EU recommendation that allows for a higher level of risk.Design and settingSystematic analysis of the approval/rejection decisions made by the Dutch Central Committee on Research involving Human Subjects (CCMO).Review methodsThe analysis included 165 proposals for paediatric research without direct benefit that were reviewed by the CCMO between January, 2000, and July, 2007. A separate, in-depth analysis of all drug studies included 18 early phase drug studies and nine other drug studies without direct benefit.Results11 out of 165 studies were definitively rejected because the CCMO did not regard the risk and/or burden to be minimal. In three of these 11 cases (including two early phase drug studies) the requirement of minimal risk and burden was cited as the only reason for rejection. Four other early phase drug studies also involved risks and/or burdens that were not regarded to be minimal but were nevertheless approved.ConclusionsThe requirement of minimal risk and burden, aiming to protect research subjects, occasionally leads to rejection of protocols. Early phase drug studies relatively often do not comply with the requirement. Committees may find ways to approve important studies that formally should be rejected, but that is not a desirable solution. The regulatory framework should be revised to make such occasional exceptions to the requirement legitimate and transparent.
The Introduction to the Jurisprudence of Holland and the Doctrine of the Free Seas
Authors:   Zwalve
Published: July 2010

AbstractIt is sometimes taken for granted that Grotius included a short restatement of his doctrine of the free sea in his famous Introduction to the Jurisprudence of Holland (Inl. 2.1.16-17). This impression is incorrect, since Grotius merely restates a dictum of the Roman lawyer Marcianus (D. 1.8.2) and, in doing so, only deals with the condition of the sea according to private law. In Mare liberum, however, he employs Marcian's idea of the sea as a res communis in a different fashion. This article is concentrating on the use of arguments taken from private law in a debate on issues of public law in the light of the exceptions to Marcian's doctrine as formulated by medieval lawyers, which have culminated in the doctrine that states can indeed exercise authority over the sea. It is contended that Grotius had to argue along the same line by using arguments from private law in order to effectively refute that doctrine.
From Mare Liberum to the Global Commons: Building on the Grotian Heritage
Authors: Prislan Vid , Schrijver Nico 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article addresses the heritage of Grotius's concept of common goods (res communes) as developed in his seminal work Mare liberum. This contribution identifies the basic tenets of Grotius's thinking on the nature of common property and identifies the relevance of these ideas for the present day management of global commons, i.e., the areas and natural resources beyond the limits of national jurisdiction. Successively, the article examines the regimes for: the deep seabed, the high seas, and marine mammals; outer space, particularly the moon; the two polar regions; and the atmosphere, in particular the ozone layer and the climate system. The article demonstrates how some of the original tenets of Grotius's concept of res communis – in particular the idea of inexhaustibility – can no longer be upheld and how the freedom of access to the global commons has become increasingly qualified and supplemented, if not replaced by a new law of international co-operation aimed at conservation and sustainable use of natural wealth and resources beyond the limits of national jurisdiction. The global commons function as laboratories for the testing of new principles of international law and new forms of international co-operation, which can be said to clearly build upon the Grotian heritage.
Performance measurement and the search for best practices
Authors: de Vries Michiel S. 
Published: July 2010

Current performance measurement methods are a-contextual and unable to measure the effectiveness of policies. They usually result in rankings that measure the extent of the policy problem, but they fail to reveal anything substantive about the quality of policies, and they are equally unhelpful in the search for best practices. The goal of this article is to further develop and validate a mixed method of performance measurement — a combination of statistical analysis, residue analysis and case study approach — which considers the policy context, relates the outcomes to the policies, and provides guidance in the systematic search for best practices. In this article, this approach will be tested against one of the problems mentioned in the Millennium Development Goals, e.g. literacy rates.Points for practitionersMany practitioners struggle with the question how to determine whether their performance is above or below expectations. Classic performance measures can give a distorted view on this question. Using the method introduced in this article might give a better picture of the robustness and effectiveness of performance than the traditional performance measures. It adapts to the adversity of the context and circumstances in which policies come about.
Cerebrospinal fluid markers of idiopathic intracranial hypertension: Is the renin-angiotensinogen system involved?
Authors: Brettschneider Johannes , Hartmann Nele , Lehmensiek Vera , Mogel Helga , Ludolph Albert C , Tumani Hayrettin 
Published: July 2010

Background: The causes underlying idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) are poorly understood. Methods: To identify disease-related biomarkers that could offer a new insight into IIH pathology, we analyzed the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 18 patients with IIH and 18 controls using two-dimensional fluorescence differential in-gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE). Results: We found six proteins that were upregulated in IIH (sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein, immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1 [IGHA1], alpha-1-antitrypsin [SERPINA1], serotransferrin, haptoglobin) and four proteins that were downregulated (hemopexin, angiotensinogen, vitamin-D-binding protein, transthyretin). The validity of our approach was confirmed for one candidate protein (angiotensinogen). To account for a dependency from blood-CSF barrier function, the ratio of angiotensinogen and albumin CSF-to-serum quotients (Qang/Qalb) was determined, which confirmed the downregulation of angiotensinogen in IIH ( p = .04). Conclusion: Previous studies showed the intrinsic renin-angiotensin system (RAS) to regulate choroid plexus blood flow and CSF production. Altered levels of angiotensinogen could indicate an imbalance of the RAS in IIH that may provide new targets for therapeutic intervention.
Quality control of phenotypic forms data in the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium
Authors: Perdue Letitia H , Albret Lotte , Aldrich Alan , Loth Amanda , Sides Elizabeth G , Dove Angela , Wägner Ana M , Waterman Rebecca , Pierce June J , Akolkar Beena , Steffes Michael W , Hilner Joan E ,   T1DGC
Published: July 2010

Background When collecting phenotypic data in clinics across the globe, the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium (T1DGC) used several techniques that ensured consistency, completeness, and accuracy of the data. Purpose The aim of this article is to describe the procedures used for collection, entry, processing, and management of the phenotypic data in this international study. Methods The T1DGC ensured the collection of high quality data using the following procedures throughout the entire study period. The T1DGC used centralized and localized training, required a pilot study, certified all data entry personnel, created standardized data collection forms, reviewed a sample of form sets quarterly throughout the duration of the study, and used a data entry system that provided immediate feedback to those entering the data. Results Due to the intensive procedures in developing the forms, the study was able to uphold consistency among all clinics and minimal changes were required after implementation of the forms. The train-the-trainer model was efficient and only a small number of clinics had to repeat a pilot study. The study was able to maintain a low percentage of missing data (<0.001%) and low duplicate data entry error rate (0.10%). Conclusions It is critical to provide immediate follow-up in order to reinforce training and ensure the quality of the data collected and entered. Clinical Trials 2010; 7: S46—S55. http://ctj.sagepub.com