bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operations Research Applications in Truckload Freight Transportation Networks
Authors: Gifford Ted L. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
This article describes a set of decision support systems based on operations research (OR) methodologies that arise in the planning, management, and operations of a large truckload transportation company. These tools support policy development activities and business processes that range across the time horizon from longer term planning cycles to real‐time driver dispatching and load management decisions. This discussion will highlight problems and solution models that appear to be either unique to truckload freight transportation or of particular interest in this area.
Operations Research Society of
C
hina*Part of the historical review of ORSC is from an article by Xiang‐Sun Zhang and Kan Cheng, “China: Ancient Country Makes OR History,” OR/MS Today, October 1998.
Authors: Yuan Ya‐Xiang , Zhang Xiang‐Sun , Liu Degang 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
This article gives a glimpse of OR in China, from the early years of OR in the ancient country upto the latest achievement in research and applications in various OR fields. Today an important discipline, OR education, research, and applications are developed fast since the founding of ORSC. The Chinese OR community is becoming ever more active in terms of teaching, academic research, industrial projects, and international exchanges. OR/MS‐related applications in decision support are becoming increasingly visible in China.
Instead of a comprehensive description, we aim to provide a portrait of OR history in China and the current OR Society of China: an active, growing, open, and collaborative community in the IFORS family.
Optimal Replacement and Inspection Policies
Authors: Kallen Maarten‐Jan 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis article covers the selection of policies for the timing of inspections or replacements, which are optimal according to some predefined criterion. The primary application of such policies is in problems of maintenance optimization. The article provides an overview of some typical model assumptions and cost‐based criteria for policy evaluation. One such assumption is that repairs are equivalent to replacements in that they bring an item back to an as‐good‐as‐new condition. The mathematics of the inspection and replacement policies are therefore based on the results of renewal theory. Two common maintenance policies, namely age‐based and condition‐based replacements, are discussed in greater detail. Special attention is given to how the model parameters, which include the costs of inspections and preventive or corrective repairs, determine the optimal inspection or replacement interval.
Optimal Risk Mitigation and Risk‐Taking
Authors: Chapman Chris , Harwood Ian 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Optimal risk mitigation and risk‐taking requires optimal framing and working assumptions using an overall optimality concept. Working assumptions should be specific to the context addressed, but framing assumptions and basic tools should be common for all application areas. The role of all three should be keeping any formal analysis as simple as possible, but introducing complexity which pays whenever it pays. This article uses case study examples to illustrate key issues.
Psychology of Risk Perception
Authors: Kortenkamp Katherine V. , Moore Colleen F. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Risk perceptions refer to subjective judgments of risk and are often found to deviate from numerical risk estimates. Although the probability and severity of risks do influence risk perceptions, risk perceptions are also influenced by many psychological factors. According to the psychometric model of risk, risk perceptions are characterized by two main dimensions: the degree to which a risk is dreaded and unknown. Dread risks are uncontrollable, catastrophic, involuntary, inequitable, fatal, new, global, and not easily reduced. Unknown risks are not understood by science, unobservable, new, and delayed in their effects. The psychometric model provides a framework for thinking about individual differences in risk perceptions, such as differences by gender, race, and level of expertise. Differences in risk perception can also be influenced by the degree to which people trust various sources of risk information, including the government, industry, and scientists. Finally, factors like uncertainty, fairness of risk distribution in society, and emotional reactions to risks also contribute to risk perceptions. Many of the psychological factors that influence risk perceptions cannot be easily quantified in numerical risk assessments; therefore, risk perceptions can be regarded as providing information that supplements numerical risk assessments in policy decisions.
R&DRisk Management
Authors: Felli James C. , Andersen John S. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractRisk is a major concern in functional R&D organizations, and can arise from any number of sources from simple misunderstandings to natural disasters. Yet despite its importance and prevalence, risk is typically loosely described and poorly characterized. What exactly do we mean by the word “risk”? What distinguishes big risks from small ones? In this work, we discuss the notion and the depiction of risk from the perspective of an R&D organization. We first focus on the two fundamental determinants of risk: uncertainty and unwantedness. We provide a means for decomposing risk into context‐relevant categories to improve understanding and communication among R&D stakeholders. We then offer a graphical approach to visualize project risk over time before closing with a general discussion of portfolio level risk.
Revenue Management in the Travel Industry
Authors: Lieberman Warren 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDuring the past half‐century, and especially during the past 30 years, the science of price optimization has advanced considerably. Beginning with the airlines, expanding to other segments of the travel industry and then beyond, many firms that invested in improving their pricing capabilities have reaped extraordinarily large rewards. This article provides a historical overview of why and how this transformation occurred within the travel industry.Often misunderstood, this science known initially as yield management and then as revenue management has transformed the ways in which products are sold as well as how prices are set. Focusing initially on how many products to sell, given a set of prices that could be offered, the discipline now also includes finding the profit‐maximizing price levels.From a relatively obscure business practice 50 years ago, yield (or revenue) management has emerged as one of the most significant technologies to transform the profitability of travel companies. And had it not been for dramatic changes in the way airlines competed for business, it might never have happened. Here is that story.
Tour Scheduling and Rostering
Authors: Robbins Tom 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this article, we examine the problem of scheduling a service operation; that is, defining the set of shifts for workers that best meets the demand profile, and of assigning individual workers to those shifts. Tour scheduling identifies the number of agents assigned to specific start and end times over the course of the planning period. Rostering is the process of assigning individual agents to specific shift schedules. In this article, we develop a basic example based on a call center application. We discuss how the problem can be formulated and solved as an integer program. We then discuss how the problem can grow unwieldy as staffing flexibility increases and discuss approaches for dealing with that problem. Finally, we identify issues that arise in other, noncall center applications.
S
lovenian Society Informatika (
SSI
)–Section for Operations Research (
SOR
)
Authors: Stirn Lidija Zadnik 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The article presents general information on the Slovenian Society INFORMATIKA (SSI)—Section for Operations Research (SOR). Some facts about the constitution of SOR in 1992 are explained and the leading persons of the SOR Constitution Committee are introduced. The mission of SOR, the number of members, and the structure of SOR are presented. The main activities of SOR, especially those at international level, are described. Further, the most important and internationally recognized publications of SOR are listed, among all proceedings and monographs. In continuation, SSI, under whose umbrella SOR is taking an active role, is portrayed. The activities of SSI as well as its publications are explained.
Stochastic Modeling and Optimization in Baseball
Authors: Null Brad 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis article reviews operations research techniques that can be and are used to address common decision making problems in baseball, focusing on those geared toward improving a team's probability of winning games and championships. We organize these problems into three groups: (i) on‐field decisions–determining what a batter, pitcher, runner, or fielder will do at any point in the game; (ii) player usage decisions–determining which players to use at which points in the game; and (iii) personnel decisions–determining who should be on the team and how much they are worth. We also outline several stochastic modeling approaches to assess the underlying elements of uncertainty with respect to these problems.
The Graph Model For Conflict Resolution
Authors: Hipel Keith W. , Kilgour D. Marc , Fang Liping 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The Graph Model for Conflict Resolution is a flexible methodology for realistically and conveniently studying actual social disputes. An international controversy over the sharing of water in the Aral Sea Basin of Central Asia is employed to illustrate how a conflict can be formally modeled and analyzed using a decision support system that implements the Graph Model methodology as a flexible computerized system in order to obtain strategic insights for enhancing the decision making process. Recent developments that are described for expanding the Graph Model methodology include techniques for handling uncertain preferences and psychological factors such as attitudes, emotions, and misunderstandings.
Value Functions Incorporating Disappointment and Regret
Authors: Moretti Laura , Cristofori Irene , Sirigu Angela 
Published: January 2011

AbstractHow humans make decisions is attracting more and more interest of neuroscientists. The understanding of neural mechanisms underlying the way people choose, attach value to things, set preferences, enjoy reward, or fear punishement is now possible using an array of methods. Game theory, a highly influential view in economics, can predict choices made in various situations involving strategic thinking or competitive interactions among individuals. Its assumption is that under most circumstances people will act as rational decision makers. Recent neuroscientific findings, however, have shown that emotions such as regret, interact with utility‐maximization in ways that challenge the theory. Interestingly, the intensity of regret has been found to be a better predictor of subsequent choices than expected utility alone. Specific brain regions such as the orbitofrontal cortex and the amygdala seem crucial for experiencing the complex emotion of regret.
Resource Modeling Association
Authors: McKelvey Steven 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The Resource Modeling Association (RMA) is an international, interdisciplinary scholarly organization dedicated to the design, promulgation, and use of mathematical models for the study and management of natural resources. Founded in the early 1980s, the association's aims are supported by the quarterly publication of a peer‐reviewed academic journal, Natural Resources Modeling, and the sponsorship of an annual scholarly meeting, the World Conference on Natural Resource Modeling, held at locations throughout the world.
The Nascent Industry of Electric Vehicles
Authors: Klabjan Diego , Sweda Timothy 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
An electric vehicle (EV) is a vehicle that operates solely using electricity and can plug into the power grid to recharge. This connectivity with the grid poses a unique set of challenges, as the new EV charging infrastructure must be compatible with the existing power infrastructure and the grid must be able to support the growing fleet of EVs. Of particular interest to operations researchers are an assortment of pricing and planning problems, many of which are still ill‐defined due to the youth of today's EV industry and the uncertainties that accompany it. In this article, the needs of the growing EV industry are addressed, and some of the key issues that will be faced over the next several years are identified.
Operations Research for Freight Train Routing and Scheduling
Authors: Harrod Steven , Gorman Michael F. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

This article describes the service design activities that plan and implement the rail freight operating plan. Elements of strategic service design include the setting of train frequency, the routing of cars among trains, and the consolidation of cars, called
blocking
. At the operational level, trains are dispatched either according to train paths configured in advance, called
timetables
, or according to priority rules. We describe the North American and European practice along with selected modeling and problem solving methodologies appropriate for each of the operating conditions described.
Rule Developing Experimentation in Consumer‐Driven Package Design
Authors: Gofman Alex 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe article describes an approach to consumer‐driven optimization of package design, particularly based on conjoint analysis. It allows for dynamic creation and testing of a large number of conceptual design prototypes with consumers and finding optimal solutions on an aggregated, segmented (pattern‐based latent mind‐set segmentation), and individual basis. The approach extends the consumer insights‐driven process, Rule Developing Experimentation (RDE), developed under the guidance of the Wharton School of Business (University of Pennsylvania), to graphical concepts.The empirical study findings suggests that marketers should be more specific with the fat content shown on the package. The yogurt package message with numerical value of the fat content (“50% less fat”) consistently is more efficient in driving purchase intent than its verbal equivalent (“half the fat”) or a more abstract “light with less fat” across all the subgroups.The approach could help marketers efficiently create better packages that consumers like, and facilitate differentiation of their products from the competition. The article demonstrates that consumer research could and should be a central part not only at the final stages of the package design but at the initial stage as well. The steps of fitting the research into the package design process that include consumers in the early stages of package design are shown.
Decision Analysis and Counterterrorism
Authors: Lloyd Jamie D. , Merrick Jason R. W. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Significant research has been performed on counterterrorism decisions in recent years. As with all applications involving significant potential risks and large investments, the efficacy of decision analysis has been tested and new ways of performing analyses found. In this article, we discuss several important studies and the approaches researchers have used to prescribe appropriate alternatives for counterterrorism.
Public Health, Emergency Response, and Medical PreparednessII: Medical Countermeasures Dispensing and Large‐Scale Disaster Relief Efforts
Authors: Lee Eva K. , Pietz Ferdinand , Benecke Bernard 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA catastrophic health event, such as a terrorist attack with a biological agent, a naturally occurring pandemic, or a calamitous meteorological or geological event, could cause tens or hundreds of thousands of casualties, weaken the economy, damage public morale and confidence, create panic and civil unrest, and threaten national security. It is therefore critical to establish a strategic vision that will enable a level of public health and medical preparedness sufficient to address a range of possible disasters. Planning for a catastrophe involving a disease outbreak or mass casualties is an ongoing challenge for first responders and emergency managers. They must make critical decisions on treatment distribution points, staffing levels, impacted populations, and potential impact in a compressed window of time when seconds could mean life or death. Some of the key areas of public health and medical preparedness include medical surge, population protection, communication infrastructure, and emergency evacuation. This article highlights our own experience on projects with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and various public health jurisdictions in emergency response and medical preparedness for mass dispensing for disease prevention and treatment, and large‐scale disaster relief efforts.
Public Health, Emergency Response, and Medical PreparednessIV: Emergency Evacuation
Authors: Lee Eva K. , Yang Anna Yang , Pietz Ferdinand , Benecke Bernard 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn the aftermath of the September 11 terrorist attacks and the dissemination of anthrax in 2001, the ability of the US health‐care system to provide an effective and coordinated response and evacuation capability to mitigate mass casualty or complex incidents came under intense scrutiny. More recently, the devastation caused by Hurricane Katrina and the mass disruption of public health and medical services along the Gulf Coast spotlighted the need for cohesive strategies that focus on mounting effective evacuation and response for catastrophic events. Determining the most effective evacuation plan for a large public facility requires in‐depth analysis of multiple interdependent and competing factors. Determining the best routes, foreseeing potential problems, addressing the chaos/panic factor, and orchestrating the evacuation are all critical aspects that should be evaluated in a well‐developed disaster management plan. The success of the evacuation of 80,000 in the stadium Santiago Bernabeu in Madrid, Spain within 7 min sheds some light on the potential to save many lives through careful planning and proper evacuation responses. Emergency responders and coordinators must be equipped with such knowledge so as to protect the regional population during critical incidents. In this article, we seek to understand the elements that influence evacuation planning, issues faced by decision makers, as well as methodologies from the field of operations research that are leading to more effective planning and execution.
5‐Carboxymethyl‐2‐(4‐methylthiophenyl)‐1,3,2‐dioxaborolan‐4‐one: synthesis, characterization and application in enantioselective reduction of ketones
Authors: Górska Agnieszka , Hajmowicz Halina , Kliś Tomasz , Serwatowski Janusz , Synoradzki Ludwik 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe reaction of arylboronic acids with L‐O‐benzoyl‐tartaric acid and D,L‐malic acid has been studied. The obtained (acyloxy)boranes are moderately stable in solution and decompose to give boroxines. 5‐Carboxymethyl‐2‐(4‐methylthiophenyl)‐1,3,2‐dioxaborolan‐4‐one was obtained in the reaction of 4‐methylthiophenylboronic acid with D,L‐malic acid and characterized by X‐ray structural analysis. The use of L‐(−)‐malic acid afforded the optically pure product which can be used as the powerful chiral reagent in the enantioselective reduction of ketones. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Testing a depth‐based Habitat Classification System against reef fish assemblage patterns in a subtropical marine park
Authors: Malcolm Hamish A. , Jordan Alan , Smith Stephen D. A. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The Solitary Islands Marine Park (SIMP) in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, has strong cross‐shelf patterns of reef fish assemblages on shallow reefs (<25 m). While the SIMP also contains reef at depths of up to 75 m, marine communities below 25 m are poorly described. The Habitat Classification System (HCS) used for planning the arrangement of zones in this marine park included three depth categories for reef: shallow (<25 m); intermediate (25–60 m); and deep (>60 m). However, these had not been tested to determine if they adequately reflect biotic patterns.
Using baited remote underwater video (BRUV), fish assemblages were surveyed at 56 sites spread across shallow, intermediate, and deep reefs within the SIMP to examine spatial variation between depth categories. Relationships between assemblage patterns, depth, and four additional factors considered likely to affect assemblage patterns (distance from shore, reef type, dominant benthos, and latitude), were subsequently explored using multivariate statistical methods.
Reef fish assemblages differed significantly among the depth categories. Assemblage patterns for fish were strongly correlated with depth and moderately correlated with the dominant benthic assemblage. Correlations with the other factors were generally weak. Three distinct assemblages occurred on reefs <25 m, 25–50 m and >50 m. Shallow (<25 m) reefs also displayed strong cross‐shelf patterns, supporting the results from other studies. Weaker cross‐shelf patterns were evident at intermediate depths (25–50 m).
Depth‐based and cross‐shelf categories are clearly fundamental components for a HCS that will adequately represent reef fish assemblages for conservation planning in the SIMP. Further refining the depth criteria for the intermediate/deep boundary (to 50 m) improves this representation. Further research is required to determine the wider application of the refined HCS to other marine parks in NSW and to determine how well it represents other components of biodiversity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1α,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on intestinal transporter function: studies with the rat everted intestinal sac
Authors: Maeng Han‐Joo , Durk Matthew R. , Chow Edwin C. Y. , Ghoneim Ragia , Pang K. Sandy 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) treatment (2.56 nmol/kg i.p. daily×4) increased PepT1, Mrp2, Mrp4, Asbt, but not Mdr1/P‐gp in the rat small intestine. In this study, the intestinal everted sac technique, together with various select probes: mannitol (paracellular transport), glycylsarcosine (PepT1), 5(and 6)‐carboxy‐2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescein (CDF) diacetate (precursor of CDF for Mrp2), adefovir dipivoxil (precursor of adefovir for Mrp4) and digoxin (P‐gp) was used to examine the functional changes of these transporters. After establishing identical permeabilities (Papp) of mannitol for the apical‐to‐basolateral (A‐to‐B) and basolateral‐to‐apical (B‐to‐A) directions at 20 min in 1,25(OH)2D3‐treated vs. vehicle‐treated duodenal, jejunal and ileal everted sacs, a significant enhancement of net A‐to‐B transport of glycylsarcosine in the duodenum, increased B‐to‐A transport of CDF and A‐to‐B and B‐to‐A transport of adefovir in the jejunum were observed with 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment. However, the A‐to‐B and B‐to‐A transport of digoxin in the ileum was unchanged. These changes in transporter function in the rat intestinal everted sac corresponded well to changes in proteins that were observed previously. This study confirms that the rat intestinal PepT1, Mrp2 and Mrp4, but not P‐gp are functionally induced by 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment via the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.