bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic repair of primary perineal hernias: the approach of choice in the 21st century
Authors: Sorelli P. G. , Clark S. K. , Jenkins J. T. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPerineal hernias are rare and result from the herniation of a viscus through the pelvic floor. Symptomatic perineal hernias are repaired surgically, historically via an open perineal, abdominal or abdominoperineal approach. We describe laparoscopic repair of a primary perineal hernia with mesh using the transabdominal approach. We believe that for uncomplicated primary perineal hernias laparoscopic repair is technically feasible, and associated with rapid recovery and minimal complications.
Biological implants in sphincter augmentation offer a good short‐term outcome after a sphincter repair
Authors: Zutshi M. , Ferreira P. , Hull T. , Gurland B. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAim  Long‐term results of the overlapping sphincter repair (OSR) have been disappointing, attributed to poor tissue quality that deteriorates with time. Biological grafts enforce tissues. The aim was to compare functional outcome and quality of life at 1 year with and without Permacol® reinforcement to evaluate short‐term benefit.Method  From November 2007 to November 2008, women undergoing OSR using Permacol (group 1, n = 10) under institutional review board approval (safety trial) were age matched with patients from an institutional review board approved database (group 2, n = 10) who underwent the traditional OSR. Permacol mesh was placed under the two overlapped muscles. Group 2 underwent traditional repair. Preoperative and postoperative management of the groups was similar. The Fecal Incontinence Severity Index (FISI), the Cleveland Clinic Incontinence Score (CCFIS) and the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life (FIQL) scale were used preoperatively and 1 year post‐surgery.Results  No significant differences in demographics, symptom duration, number of vaginal deliveries, comorbidities and symptom severity were noted. Group 2 underwent concomitant procedures. Group 1 reported no complications. Group 2 reported urinary retention and dehiscence. A significant difference was found in preoperative and postoperative FIQL subscales of coping/behaviour between groups. However, comparing the pre and post scores, significant improvements on FISI (P = 0.02), the CCFIS (P = 0.005) and two subscales of FIQL (coping/behaviour, P = 0.02, and embarrassment, P = 0.01) were found in group 1. Patient satisfaction was higher in group 1.Conclusion  Biologic tissue enhancers (Permacol) do not add morbidity. Sphincter augmentation results in significant improvement in continence and quality of life scores compared with the preoperative scores in the short term over traditional repair. Long‐term studies are needed to determine if this effect is sustained.
Geometric morphometrics of carapace ofMacrobrachium australe(Crustacea: Palaemonidae) from Reunion Island
Authors: Zimmermann Gabrielle , Bosc Pierre , Valade Pierre , Cornette Raphaël , Améziane Nadia , Debat Vincent 
Published: September 2011

AbstractZimmermann, G., Bosc, P., Valade, P., Cornette, R., Améziane, N. and Debat, V. 2011. Geometric morphometrics of carapace ofMacrobrachium australe(Crustacea: Palaemonidae) from Reunion Island. —Acta Zoologica(Stockholm)93: 492–500.We investigated the structure of carapace shape variation in six populations ofMacrobrachium australeGuérin‐Méneville 1838(Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae) from Reunion Island (Indian Ocean) freshwaters. The morphometric analysis revealed the occurrence of two morphotypes corresponding to two different types of habitats. Individuals living in lotic habitats present a thick carapace armed with a short, robust and straight rostrum, while individuals from lentic habitats have a slender carapace armed with a thin long rostrum orientated upward. This difference suggests an adaptation to lotic disturbances and is tentatively interpreted as adaptive phenotypic plasticity. In such amphidromous organisms regressing to freshwaters after a marine larval phase, selection for physiological and developmental flexibility might facilitate further adaptation and allows the colonisation of a wide panel of environmentally different and sometimes geographically distant insular streams.
Alcohol outlet density and harm: Comparing the impacts on violence and chronic harms
Authors: LIVINGSTON MICHAEL 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. A number of studies have previously identified relationships between the density of alcohol outlets and rates of violence, with different types of outlets related to violence in different locations. The previous work in Australia has been limited to studies based on police data, which are subject to numerous biases. This study extends the previous work by utilising hospital admissions as a less biased outcome measure, incorporating a 14 year longitudinal design and by developing comparative models for violence and rates of alcohol use disorders.Design and Methods. The study examines trends in postcode‐level hospital admission data for assault and for alcohol use disorders over a 14 year period (n = 186) and their relationship with the density of three kinds of alcohol outlets. Fixed‐effects models are developed to control for the differences between postcodes and for the overall trends in outlet density and morbidity rates.Results. The results of this study suggest that the density of alcohol outlets where the main activity is alcohol consumption (i.e. pubs) is positively related to rates of assault‐related hospital admissions, while the density of off‐premise alcohol outlets is related to the rate of alcohol use disorders.Discussion and Conclusions. These findings have significant implications for alcohol policies in Victoria, in particular pointing to the significant contribution of packaged alcohol outlets to both acute and chronic alcohol‐related harm.[Livingston M. Alcohol outlet density and harm: Comparing the impacts on violence and chronic harms. Drug Alcohol Rev 2011;30:515–523]
Behavioural indicators of motives for barroom aggression: Implications for preventing bar violence
Authors: GRAHAM KATHRYN , BERNARDS SHARON , WELLS SAMANTHA , OSGOOD D. WAYNE , ABBEY ANTONIA , FELSON RICHARD B. , SALTZ ROBERT F. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. To develop new strategies for preventing violence in high‐risk licensed premises, we identify behavioural indicators of apparent motives for aggression in these settings and outline the implications of different motivations for prevention.Design and Methods. The four types of motives for aggressive or coercive acts defined by the theory of coercive actions framed the research: gaining compliance, expressing grievances/restoring justice, attaining a favourable social identity and pursuing fun/excitement. Incidents of aggression from the Safer Bars evaluation research were analysed to identify behavioural indicators of each motivation.Results. Compliance‐motivated aggression typically takes the form of unwanted social overtures, third party intervention to stop conflicts or staff rule enforcement. Prevention strategies include keeping the aggressor's focus on compliance to avoid provoking grievance and identity motives that are likely to escalate aggression. Grievance motives are typically elicited by perceived wrongdoing and therefore prevention should focus on eliminating sources of grievances and adopting policies/practices to resolve grievances peacefully. Social identity motives are endemic to many drinking establishments especially among male patrons and staff. Prevention involves reducing identity cues in the environment, hiring staff who do not have identity concerns, and training staff to avoid provoking identity concerns. Aggression motivated by fun/excitement often involves low‐level aggression where escalation can be prevented by avoiding grievances and attacks on identity.Discussion and Conclusions. Knowledge of behavioural indicators of motives can be used to enhance staff hiring and training practices, reduce environmental triggers for aggression, and develop policies to reduce motivation for aggression.[Graham K, Bernards S, Wells S, Osgood DW, Abbey A, Felson RB, Saltz RF. Behavioural indicators of motives for barroom aggression: Implications for preventing bar violence. Drug Alcohol Rev 2011;30:554–563]
Revealing the link between licensed outlets and violence: Counting venues versus measuring alcohol availability
Authors: LIANG WENBIN , CHIKRITZHS TANYA 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIntroduction and Aims.Associations between alcohol‐related harms and numbers of outlets at the neighbourhood level have been demonstrated; however, the degree to which alcohol consumption or sales plays a part in levels of violence is not clear. This has contributed to uncertainty regarding the actual mechanisms by which outlet density may influence levels of violence. This ecological cross‐sectional study investigated the effect of outlet numbers and alcohol sales on the risk of assault in Western Australia.Design and Methods.For 2000/2001, information on type, number and wholesale alcohol purchases of all licensed outlets in operation, police‐reported assault offences, socioeconomic/demographic data were obtained from official sources. Multivariate negative binomial regression was applied to at local government area level in order to assess associations between outlet density, alcohol sales and violence occurring in both licensed and domestic settings.Results.Average alcohol sales volume per off‐site outlet was significantly associated with all measures of assault. Numbers of on‐site outlets significantly predicted violence with the exception of assaults occurring at residential premises. Alcohol sales from off‐site outlets predicted violence occurring at on‐site outlets.Discussion and Conclusions.The link between on‐site outlets and violence may be primarily underpinned by negative amenity effects while off‐site outlet effects occur via increased availability. Alcohol sales volumes from off‐site outlets influence levels of violence, which occur at both licensed and residential settings. The substantial and wide‐ranging effects of liquor stores on alcohol‐related harms may have been underestimated in the literature and by policy makers.[Liang W, Chikritzhs T. Revealing the link between licensed outlets and violence: Counting venues versus measuring alcohol availability.Drug Alcohol Rev2011;30:524–535]
Alcohol and homicide in the United States: Is the link dependent on wetness?
Authors: NORSTRÖM THOR 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. Several aggregate‐level studies have suggested that the relationship between alcohol and homicide is stronger in countries with an intoxication‐oriented drinking pattern than in countries where drinking is more tempered. The present paper extends this research tradition by analysing the alcohol–homicide link in various regions in the USA.Design and Methods. I used annual time‐series data for the US states covering the period 1950–2002. Alcohol sales figures were used as proxy for alcohol consumption. Mortality data were used as indicators of homicide. The states were sorted into three groups labelled Dry, Moderate and Wet, where the last group has the highest prevalence of hazardous drinking according to survey data. Group‐specific data were analysed using (i) autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) modelling and (ii) fixed effects modelling. All modelling was based on differenced data, thus eliminating time trends and interstate correlations, both of which may bias estimates.Results. The ARIMA estimates displayed a statistically significant gradient in alcohol effects; the effect was strongest in Wet, and weakest and insignificant in Dry states. The fixed‐effects estimates showed a corresponding pattern, although the gradient was less steep and insignificant. The gradient was also weakened if the effects were expressed in absolute rather than relative terms. The spatial pattern revealed no ecological correlation between alcohol and homicide.Discussion and Conclusions. Results provided mixed support for the hypothesis that the relationship between alcohol and homicide is stronger in wet than in dry states in the USA. Future research should probe more specific indicators of homicide as well as alcohol consumption.[Norström T. Alcohol and homicide in the United States: Is the link dependent on wetness? Drug Alcohol Rev 2011;30:458–465]
Alcohol's role in sexual violence perpetration: Theoretical explanations, existing evidence and future directions
Authors: ABBEY ANTONIA 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIssues. There is controversy regarding the extent to which alcohol plays a causal role in sexual assault perpetration.Approach. This paper critically reviews the relevant alcohol administration and survey research literature.Key Findings. Alcohol administration researchers have randomly assigned male participants to drink conditions prior to exposure to an acquaintance rape scenario. As compared to sober participants, intoxicated participants find the male character's use of force to obtain sex more acceptable and express greater willingness to act in a similar manner. In several studies, these effects are strongest for intoxicated men with hostile attitudes toward women. Survey researchers have asked male participants to describe incidents in which they behaved in a sexually aggressive manner. Men who commit sexual assault when drinking report having traits, attitudes and experiences similar to those of other perpetrators except in the alcohol domain. Perpetrators who commit sexual assault when drinking tend to drink more than other perpetrators in sexual situations and have stronger expectancies regarding alcohol's effects on sexual behaviour.Implications. Overall, research suggests that alcohol interacts with personality and aspects of the situation, adding to the risk of perpetration among men already predisposed to engaging in sexual aggression.Conclusions. Although there are no simple answers to questions about alcohol's role in sexual assault, research suggests that intoxication may be a more important determinant of when some men commit sexual aggression, rather than who becomes sexually aggressive.[Abbey A. Alcohol's role in sexual violence perpetration: Theoretical explanations, existing evidence and future directions. Drug Alcohol Rev 2011;30:481–489]
Per capita alcohol consumption and suicide mortality in a panel of US states from 1950 to 2002
Authors: KERR WILLIAM C. , SUBBARAMAN MEENAKSHI , YE YU 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. The relationship between per capita alcohol consumption and suicide rates has been found to vary in significance and magnitude across countries. This study utilises a panel of time‐series measures from the US states to estimate the effects of changes in current and lagged alcohol sales on suicide mortality risk.Design and Methods. Generalised least squares estimation utilised 53 years of data from 48 US states or state groups to estimate relationships between total and beverage‐specific alcohol consumption measures and age‐standardised suicide mortality rates in first‐differenced semi‐logged models.Results. An additional litre of ethanol from total alcohol sales was estimated to increase suicide rates by 2.3% in models utilising a distributed lag specification while no effect was found in models including only current alcohol consumption. A similar result is found for men, while for women both current and distributed lag measures were found to be significantly related to suicide rates with an effect of approximately 3.2% per litre from current and 5.8% per litre from the lagged measure. Beverage‐specific models indicate that spirits is most closely linked with suicide risk for women while beer and wine are for men. Unemployment rates are consistently positively related to suicide rates.Discussion and Conclusions. Results suggest that chronic effects, potentially related to alcohol abuse and dependence, are the main source of alcohol's impact on suicide rates in the USA for men and are responsible for about half of the effect for women.[Kerr WC, Subbaraman M, Ye Y. Per capita alcohol consumption and suicide mortality in a panel of US states from 1950 to 2002. Drug Alcohol Rev 2011;30:473–480]
Heavy drinking and the disposition of intimate partner violence cases in French courts
Authors: PÉREZ‐DIAZ CLAUDINE , HURÉ MARIE‐SYLVIE 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. In 1992, France passed a specific penal law on intimate partner violence. The present study explores the functioning of this new law by examining the characteristics of perpetrators in cases that were tried rather than dismissed. Additionally, the characteristics of heavy drinkers were compared with those of non‐heavy drinkers.Design and Methods. We analysed all cases of intimate partner violence processed in the years 1999–2000 by a major court of the Paris metropolitan area. Data were collected on 223 perpetrators (all 166 tried perpetrators and 10% of the 570 perpetrators whose case was dismissed) and how cases were handled institutionally. Logistic regression was used to identify perpetrator characteristics significantly associated with being tried (vs. dismissed) and being a heavy drinker.Results. Being tried was significantly more likely if the perpetrator had inflicted an injury, engaged in prior aggression and was a heavy drinker. Heavy drinking perpetrators were significantly more likely than non‐heavy drinkers to have been drinking before the act. They were less likely to be under 40, more likely to be French, part of a stable couple and to have engaged in various types of prior aggression.Discussion and Conclusions. In 2000, heavy drinking was associated with increased risk of being tried and with drinking before the act. Heavy drinkers are more likely to have committed all forms of aggression, but only verbal aggression is significant. In 2000, judges gave heavy drinkers harsher sentences and a 2007 law sanctioned them even more severely. Our results suggest that treatment focused on problem drinking could be a helpful response—perhaps more so than harsher sentences—to intimate partner violence.[Pérez‐Diaz C, Huré M‐S. Heavy drinking and the disposition of intimate partner violence cases in French courts. Drug Alcohol Rev 2011;30:490–495]
Population drinking and homicide in Australia: A time series analysis of the period 1950–2003
Authors: RAMSTEDT MATS 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground. Despite a significant amount of research on alcohol and homicide in Australia, as yet there has been no study of the association at the aggregate level to reveal where Australia fits in with respect to the cultural differences found in the international research of this association.Aims. To analyse the temporal association between population drinking and homicide in Australia and to put the results in an international comparative perspective.Method. Using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) time series analysis, overall and gender‐specific homicide rates from 1950 to 2003 were analysed in relation to alcohol consumption overall as well as to different beverages.Findings. A one‐litre increase in per capita consumption was followed by an 8% increase in overall and male homicide rates and a 6% increase in female homicide rates. The effect was mainly driven by beer consumption. In a comparative perspective, the importance of population drinking was similar to what has been found in Western Europe.Conclusions. Australia belongs to the group of countries where lowering population drinking is likely to be associated with lower homicide rates and reducing beer consumption seems to be the most efficient way to achieve this.[Ramstedt M. Population drinking and homicide in Australia: A time series analysis of the period 1950–2003. Drug Alcohol Rev 2011;30:466–472]
Alcohol availability and youth homicide in the 91 largest US cities, 1984–2006
Authors: PARKER ROBERT N. , WILLIAMS KIRK R. , MCCAFFREE KEVIN J. , ACENSIO EMILY K. , BROWNE ANGELA , STROM KEVIN J. , BARRICK KELLE 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe aggregate relationship between homicide and alcohol availability is well established across a number of national and sub‐national settings in North America, Europe and some parts of Asia. However, results linking youth homicide and alcohol availability at the retail level are largely absent from the literature, especially at the city level and across longer time periods. In a multivariate, pooled time series and cross‐section study, youth homicide offending rates for two age groups, 13–17 and 18–24, were analysed for the 91 largest cities in the USA between 1984 and 2006. Data for social and economic characteristics, drug use, street gang activity and gun availability were also used as time series measures. Data on the availability of alcohol for each city were gathered from the US Census of Economic Activity, which is conducted every 5 years. These data were used to construct an annual time series for the density of retail alcohol outlets in each city. Results indicated that net of other variables, several of which had significant impacts on youth homicide, the density of alcohol outlets had a significant positive effect on youth homicide for those aged 13–17 and 18–24. Such positive effects have been found for adults in national and neighbourhood level studies, but this is the first study to report such evidence for teenagers and young adults. An important policy implication of these findings is that the reduction of the density of retail alcohol outlets in a city may be an effective tool for violent crime reduction among such youth.[Parker RN, Williams KR, McCaffree KJ, Acensio EK, Browne A, Strom KJ, Barrick K. Alcohol availability and youth homicide in the 91 largest US cities, 1984–2006. Drug Alcohol Rev 2011;30:505–514]
Do community interventions targeting licensed venues reduce alcohol‐related emergency department presentations?
Authors: MILLER PETER , SØNDERLUND ANDERS , COOMBER KERRI , PALMER DARREN , GILLHAM KAREN , TINDALL JENNIFER , WIGGERS JOHN 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. Excessive alcohol consumption is related to substantial health and social order costs. Many of the harms have been identified as coming from licensed venues. Most communities struggle to find interventions that are effective, particularly in an environment of little federal government action. Furthermore, most interventions are based on little or no empirical evidence. This study aims to investigate the effect of a suite of interventions on emergency department (ED) attendances in Geelong, Australia.Design and Methods. This paper reports stage one findings from the Dealing with Alcohol‐Related Problems in the Night‐time Economy project (DANTE) and specifically examines all alcohol‐related injury frequencies before to after intervention in the City of Greater Geelong of Victoria, Australia, from 2005 to 2009. Auto‐regressive integrated moving average time‐series were used to determine the effect of the interventions on ED attendances in Geelong.Results. There were 3934 triage presentations involving alcohol. Over two‐thirds (68.9%) of triage presentations were male and over half (58.5%) of alcohol‐related attendances occurred on the weekend. The time‐series analyses indicated that ID scanners (z = 2.66, P < 0.001) and the Just Think awareness campaign (z = 4.21, P < 0.001) were significant predictors of increases in alcohol‐related injury presentation rates to the ED.Discussion and Conclusions. Overall, the community interventions implemented have not been associated with reduced alcohol‐related attendances at the ED. The findings raise questions about whether targeting the night‐time economy is effective and whether interventions should instead be targeted at reducing whole‐of‐community alcohol consumption.[Miller P, Sønderlund A, Coomber K, Palmer D, Gillham K, Tindall J, Wiggers J. Do community interventions targeting licensed venues reduce alcohol‐related emergency department presentations? Drug Alcohol Rev 2011;30:546–553]