bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The meteorological control on the anthropogenic ion content of precipitation at three sites in the UK: The utility of lamb weather types
Authors: Davies T. D. , Dorling S. R. , Pierce C. E. , Barthelmie R. J. , Farmer G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDaily observations of concentrations of non‐marine sulphate, nitrate, ammonium, and hydrogen ion in precipitation at three sites in the UK (south‐west England, eastern England, southern Scotland) have been used to attribute proportions of the total annual depositions of these ions to various Lamb Weather Types (LWTs). The LWT classification is a convenient description of the daily atmospheric circulation over the British Isles. In terms of affecting the annual character of total annual deposition of the ions, it is Cyclonic, Westerly, and Anticyclonic weather types that play the dominant roles. These roles vary from station to station. Other LWTs can also play important roles, but there is much site‐to‐site and year‐to‐year variation. The patterns of the relationships for each of the stations are explained in terms of the ‘average’ back‐trajectories from each station for precipitation events associated with each of the major LWTs. It is the relative dispositions of these average trajectories with respect to the major pollutant source regions that allows the use of LWTs as simple tools in the interpretation of precipitation composition. There are indications that atmospheric circulation changes may play a part in the variations of precipitation composition over years to decades.
Monthly mean upper tropospheric humidities in cloud‐free areas from meteosat observations
Authors: van de Berg Leo , Pyomjamsri Angkana , Schmetz Johannes 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to study the annual variation of the upper tropospheric relative humidity fields extracted from radiance measurements in the water vapour channel (in the thermal infra‐red at wavelengths around 6.3 μm) aboard the geostationary satellite METEOSAT. Monthly mean fields for April, July and October 1988 and January 1989 have been created from the operational Upper Tropospheric Humidity (hereafter UTH) product derived routinely at the European Space Operations Centre (ESOC). The present product retrieval is confined to cloud‐free areas in the upper troposphere, thus the monthly means represent an average over cloud‐free cases.Principally the patterns of the monthly mean UTH fields reflect the large‐scale circulation of the atmosphere. In the low latitudes, belts with relatively high and low UTH values are located over the ascending and descending branches of the ‘Hadley cell’, respectively. The distinct patterns of monthly mean UTH fields can be used to characterize the geographical structure of the Hadley cell.The UTH fields complement existing data on atmospheric humidity for use in numerical weather prediction and climatological research. The monthly mean fields presented in this paper may be useful for validating upper tropospheric water vapour fields in climate models.
An examination of atmospheric mechanisms that may be responsible for the annual reversal of the beaufort sea ice field
Authors: Ledrew Ellsworth F. , Johnson Douglas , Maslanik James A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe late‐summer reversal of the Beaufort Sea Gyre and the overlying sea ice cover is an intriguing phenomenon that may reveal some insight into atmosphere‐cryosphere interactions through a detailed diagnostic analysis.In this study we examine the atmospheric processes that may give rise to this reversal and maintain it through a case by case study of selected days during the late‐August‐early‐September reversal in 1980. We inspect the fields of total vertical motion and the contributions by advective, diabatic, and frictional mechanisms, as well as the isentropic potential vorticity, in order to identify the forcing functions.This episode is an example of the classic cold low with a central cold pool, the surface and 500‐mbar fields aligned vertically, yet indications in the ageostrophic field of significant potential for baroclinic development, and a depression that remains anchored in the region for a significant period (27 days).The episode occurs during a transition period from the summer regime with sluggish upper air anticyclonic circulation to the vigorous winter regime of a cyclonic vortex extending up through the stratosphere with concomitant increase of potential vorticity available for surface development. This transition, which appears to occur during a period that typically experiences rapid upper atmosphere cooling, may be the trigger for the creation of the low.The surface heat flux appears to be a significant factor in the maintenance of the low although there are two factors at work. The first is the anomalous heat flow from the ocean along the ice‐ocean boundary and from open water in the diverging ice pack, but this primarily appears to result in a regional modulation of the synoptic‐scale effect. At the synoptic scale, there is significant heat flux associated with the very cold core of the depression and the associated pattern of the lower atmospheric heating moves with the wandering migration of the system within the region. In addition, there is an important dynamic contribution to development owing to the ageostrophic advection and convergence of cold air out of the core. The long duration of this feature within the Canada Basin must be traced to a complex interplay of heat flow processes related to the nature of the surface as well as the formation of the cold core of the depression, dynamic properties of mid‐tropospheric air flow, and the increase of upper air potential vorticity.
Deterministic signals in tree‐rings from North America
Authors: Currie Robert G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMaximum entropy spectrum analysis of 305 tree‐ring chronologies from North America yields evidence for two terms with periods 18.6 ± 1.3 years (in 286 out of 305 series) and 10.5 ± 0.5 years in 244 instances. Statistical tests show the terms to be significant at confidence levels of 99.9 and 98 per cent, respectively. These signals are identified as the luni‐solar 18.6‐year Mnand the 10–11 year solar cycle Scterms. Amplitude and phase of the Mnsignal are non‐stationary with respect to both time and geography. In particular, abrupt 180° phase changes in wave polarity are often observed. During the seventeenth, and most of the eighteenth century, most of western North America experienced wet ‘W’ conditions at epochs of maximum in tidal forcing. At epochs 1787.2 and 1805.8 radical changes in phasing occurred, and from 1805.8 to present most of the region has been dry ‘D’ at epochs. A physical mechanism that can explain these phenomena is described briefly, and the implications for economic science briefly discussed.
Distribution of rainfall by synoptic type over natal, South Africa
Authors: Diab R. D. , Preston‐Whyte R. A. , Washington R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTotal rainfall over Natal, South Africa is the composite of rainfall from a number of synoptic rainfall‐producing systems. This paper identifies eight synoptic types and employs discriminant analysis in order to determine whether the defined synoptic types are statistically distinct. Eighty‐one per cent of the total rainfall is shown to be associated with four of the eight synoptic types. The dynamic characteristics of each synoptic type are examined and the seasonal and spatial rainfall patterns of the principal rainfall‐producing systems are described.
Temperature fluctuations in the mediterranean area during the last 120 years
Authors: Metaxas D. A. , Bartzokas A. , Vitsas A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBased upon sea‐surface temperature (SST) data, recently corrected for bucket‐intake observational change, the SST fluctuations since 1873 in the Mediterranean are studied and compared with air temperature (AT) fluctuations at some land stations of this area and for the Northern Hemisphere (ATNH). Instead of the actual temperature, we used the frequency difference (per cent) of the number of the warm minus cold months, (fw—fc) annually and seasonally, smoothed using 10‐year moving averages. This frequency difference was found to be a linear function of the actual temperature.For the whole Mediterranean, the trend of the SST is simple enough, with a minimum in about 1910 and a double maximum in about 1940 and 1965. A secondary minimum follows in 1975–1980, very strong in the eastern Mediterranean, with a rise after that to the present. This trend when compared with ATNH presents some differences: in the ATNH a minimum appears earlier, in 1890, but this is shown only slightly in the Mediterranean SST. The second SST maximum, in 1965, is not shown in ATNH, and the general rise of recent years starts in the ATNH about 10 years earlier.When considering the AT of the Mediterranean stations, it can be seen that the rise, after the minimum of 1910, stops 15 years earlier than the SST and ATNH. Then, an anomalous and slow decrease follows until about 1975–1980, followed by a rise to the present, which is delayed in the eastern Mediterranean.
Kinematics of medial osteoarthritic knees before and after posterior cruciate ligament retaining total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Yue Bing , Varadarajan Kartik M. , Moynihan Angela L. , Liu Fang , Rubash Harry E. , Li Guoan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTotal knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a widely accepted surgical procedure for the treatment of patients with end‐stage osteoarthritis (OA). However, the function of the knee is not always fully recovered after TKA. We used a dual fluoroscopic imaging system to evaluate the in vivo kinematics of the knee with medial compartment OA before and after a posterior cruciate ligament‐retaining TKA (PCR‐TKA) during weight‐bearing knee flexion, and compared the results to those of normal knees. The OA knees displayed similar internal/external tibial rotation to normal knees. However, the OA knees had less overall posterior femoral translation relative to the tibia between 0° and 105° flexion and more varus knee rotation between 0° and 45° flexion, than in the normal knees. Additionally, in the OA knees the femur was located more medially than in the normal knees, particularly between 30° and 60° flexion. After PCR‐TKA, the knee kinematics were not restored to normal. The overall internal tibial rotation and posterior femoral translation between 0° and 105° knee flexion were dramatically reduced. Additionally, PCR‐TKA introduced an abnormal anterior femoral translation during early knee flexion, and the femur was located lateral to the tibia throughout weight‐bearing flexion. The data help understand the biomechanical functions of the knee with medial compartment OA before and after contemporary PCR‐TKA. They may also be useful for improvement of future prostheses designs and surgical techniques in treatment of knees with end‐stage OA. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:40–46, 2011
Risk factors for recurrence following radical cystectomy for pathologic node negative bladder cancer
Authors: Hugen Cory M. , Polcari Anthony J. , FitzGerald Mary P. , Dauw Casey , Flanigan Robert C. , Quek Marcus L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTo evaluate for risk factors associated with bladder cancer recurrence in patients with pathologically negative lymph nodes.MethodsA retrospective review of 405 patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer between 1996 and 2008 was performed. Patients with node‐positive disease and <6 months of follow up were excluded. Clinical and pathological characteristics including stage, lymphadenectomy type (standard vs. extended), number of nodes removed, margin status, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), perineural invasion (PNI), presence of carcinoma in situ, and site of recurrence were evaluated. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to calculate 5‐year recurrence‐free survival stratified by lymph node yield.ResultsTwo hundred sixty patients met the inclusion criteria. Overall, 80 (30.8%) patients recurred within 5 years. Univariate analysis identified LVI, PNI, extravesical disease, positive margins, and lymph node yield <14 to be significant predictors of disease recurrence. On multivariate analysis LVI, PNI, and node yield <14 retained significance (P = 0.01, 0.037, 0.038, respectively). There was no difference in 5‐year recurrence free survival when stratified by node yield using the Kaplan–Meier method (P = 0.138).ConclusionsWe identified LVI, PNI, and lymph node yield <14 as three independent risk factors for bladder cancer recurrence in patients with node‐negative bladder cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:334–337. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of E‐Selectin S128R gene polymorphism in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Panoussopoulos George S. , Theodoropoulos George , Michalopoulos Nikolaos V. , Gazouli Maria , Flessas John , Taka Stela , Stamopoulos Paraskevas , Manouras Andreas , Zografos George C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundE‐selectin, an intercellular adhesion molecule that plays important roles in metastasis of tumor cells, has a polymorphism in exon 4 that results in the substitution of a serine by an arginine within the extracellular domain of the receptor, which increases its affinity for ligands. No evidence exist on the role of E‐selectin polymorphism in pancreatic cancer.MethodsEighty pancreatic cancer patients and 160 cases of normal healthy control subjects were investigated for genotype and allelic frequencies of S128R polymorphism of E‐selectin gene by PCR–RFLPs.ResultsThe frequencies for “AA,” “CA,” and “CC” genotypes were 46.25%, 50%, and 3.75% in patients, and 63.75%, 26.9%, and 9.4% in healthy subjects, respectively. The “C” carriers group of patients (“CA + CC” genotype) and the “C” allele were over‐represented among the pancreatic cancer cases (P = 0.012 and 0.096, respectively). Advanced T stage, the presence of lymph node and other adverse pathologic characteristics were not significantly correlated with either the “CA + CC” genotype group of patients or the presence of “C” allele.ConclusionsE‐selectin S128R “C” allele may confer an increased susceptibility to pancreatic cancer development, while its carriage status does not appear to be related to the aggressive features of this malignancy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:604–607. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preoperative chest computerized tomography in patients with locally advanced mid or lower rectal cancer: Its role in staging and impact on treatment strategy
Authors: Choi Dong Jin , Kwak Jung Myun , Kim Jin , Woo Si Uk , Kim Seon Hahn 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectivesPulmonary metastasis is frequent in rectal cancer. Some guidelines recommend chest computerized tomography (CT) for preoperative workup in rectal cancer patients, which have no solid evidence to support this recommendation. This study was designed to evaluate the role of chest CT on preoperative staging in rectal cancer patients and to assess the impact on treatment strategy.MethodsData were prospectively collected from 103 clinically T3/T4 mid or lower rectal cancer patients who had chest X‐ray (CXR) and CT to evaluate lung metastasis. The chest images were classified into four groups: metastasis, indeterminate, benign, and negative. Patients showing indeterminate lesions had follow‐up CTs at 3‐ to 6‐month intervals.ResultsNine patients (8.7%) had pulmonary metastases detected on CT. CXR did not reveal any pulmonary metastatic lesions in four of the nine patients. Of these four, treatment was changed in three patients because of these findings. Forty (38.8%) patients had indeterminate nodules on chest CT. Of these, 37 patients had follow‐up CTs and four patients (10.8%) showed interval changes that were confirmed as pulmonary metastasis.ConclusionsIt seems reasonable to perform chest CT for preoperative staging in patients with T3/T4 mid or lower rectal cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:588–592. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Validation and evaluation of an HPLC methodology for the quantification of the potent antimitotic compound (+)‐discodermolide in the Caribbean marine sponge Discodermia dissoluta
Authors: Valderrama Katherine , Castellanos Leonardo , Zea Sven 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe sponge Discodermia dissoluta is the source of the potent antimitotic compound (+)‐discodermolide. The relatively abundant and shallow populations of this sponge in Santa Marta, Colombia, allow for studies to evaluate the natural and biotechnological supply options of (+)‐discodermolide. In this work, an RP‐HPLC‐UV methodology for the quantification of (+)‐discodermolide from sponge samples was tested and validated. Our protocol for extracting this compound from the sponge included lyophilization, exhaustive methanol extraction, partitioning using water and dichloromethane, purification of the organic fraction in RP‐18 cartridges and then finally retrieving the (+)‐discodermolide in the methanol–water (80:20 v/v) fraction. This fraction was injected into an HPLC system with an Xterra RP‐18 column and a detection wavelength of 235 nm. The calibration curve was linear, making it possible to calculate the LODs and quantification in these experiments. The intra‐day and inter‐day precision showed relative standard deviations lower than 5%. The accuracy, determined as the percentage recovery, was 99.4%. Nine samples of the sponge from the Bahamas, Bonaire, Curaçao and Santa Marta had concentrations of (+)‐discodermolide ranging from 5.3 to 29.3 μg/g−1 of wet sponge. This methodology is quick and simple, allowing for the quantification in sponges from natural environments, in situ cultures or dissociated cells.
MEKC determination of IgG in human serum via a pH‐mediated acid stacking method
Authors: Wu Yi‐Wei , Liu Jun‐Feng , Deng Zhen‐Li , Zhang Jing , Jiang Feng , Xiong Kun , Zhang Haili 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn on‐column preconcentration technique, pH‐mediated acid stacking, was used in this study to improve the sensitivity of MEKC‐UV analysis of IgG in human serum. Various parameters affecting pH‐mediated acid stacking were optimized systematically. To eliminate the matrix interferences of human serum and to combine the sample pretreatment procedure with the detection methodology, silica‐coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles modified with N‐(2‐aminoethyl)‐3‐aminopropyl‐trimethoxysilane were prepared and employed as solid phase extraction adsorbent to remove the abundant HSA from human serum. HSA was quantitatively removed by silica‐coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles modified with N‐(2‐aminoethyl)‐3‐aminopropyl‐trimethoxysilanes without retaining IgG at pH 9.3. Under the optimum conditions, the sensitivity of IgG was improved 40.3‐fold using a 100 s electrokinetic injection as compared with a 6 s hydrodynamic injection. The detection limit of IgG was found to be 0.1 mg/L, and the proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of IgG in human serum with satisfactory results.
RP‐HPLC method with fluorescence detection for amino acids D/L ratio determination in fossil bones as a marker of DNA preservation
Authors: Iuliani Piera , Di Federico Lucia , Fontecchio Gabriella , Carlucci Giuseppe 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOnly a small proportion of old specimens contain DNA that can be amplified by PCR. Therefore, rapid screening methods are crucial to identify the large fraction of samples that are so badly preserved that there is no need to attempt DNA extraction. In particular, the extent of racemization of some amino acids has proved to be a very useful proxy for DNA preservation. In this study, a rigorous method for the determination of the D/L ratio for aspartic acid and alanine by RP‐HPLC with fluorescence detection was developed with the aim to obtain a fast and cheap procedure for both sample preparation and amino acids analysis, without compromising precision and accuracy.
Determination of fluoride as fluorosilane derivative using reversed‐phase HPLC with UV detection for determination of total organic fluorine
Authors: Musijowski Jacek , Szostek Bogdan , Koc Mariusz , Trojanowicz Marek 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA quantitative method for fluoride determination using RP HPLC and UV detection was developed. The method is based on the reaction of fluoride with triphenylhydroxysilane in highly acidic conditions and extraction of the reaction product into n‐heptane. Chromatographic conditions as well as the derivatization parameters were optimized. LOQ for fluoride ion was evaluated as 0.25 μM (4.75 ppb) and linear range of response up to 75 μM (1.42 ppm) was obtained. The method was developed as a part of a procedure designed for the determination of total organic fluorine in natural waters, using SPE on a carbon sorbent and sodium biphenyl reagent for the defluorination reaction. LOD for a model compound, perfluorooctanoic acid, calculated for the complete procedure with 2000‐fold preconcentration, is 20 ppt (n=4). Initial results show feasibility of total organic fluorine determination for environmental purposes.
The clinical significance of nasal irrigation bottle contamination
Authors: Keen Mark , Foreman Andrew , Wormald Peter‐John 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:This study aimed to assess the clinical relevance of contamination of nasal irrigation bottles in patients with recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Secondary investigations to identify the presence of bacterial biofilms on the inner surface of the bottles and to assess different sterilization methods were also undertaken.Study Design:Prospective, observational.Methods:Eleven patients with recalcitrant CRS who were already using nasal irrigation as part of their treatment regimen were examined every 2 weeks for a period of 6 weeks. At each visit, a culture sample was taken from their irrigation bottle and middle meatus, and they were given a new irrigation bottle. Irrigation bottles from six patients were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to detect biofilm formation. Finally, new bottles were inoculated with different strains of Staphylococcus aureus and then cleaned with different methods. The bottles were cultured immediately after cleaning and 48 hours later.Results:Overall, 42 of 43 (97%) bottles collected demonstrated bacterial growth. Concurrent sinonasal and bottle infection with S. aureus was seen in 51% of patients during the study. Bacterial biofilms were demonstrated on the inner surface of four of the six irrigation bottles tested. Treatment with Milton's solution (1% NaOCl plus 19% NaCl) and microwaving were found to be effective methods for sterilizing the bottles both initially after the cleaning and 48 hours later.Conclusions:Patients who irrigate their nose and sinuses commonly contaminate their irrigation bottle, most often with S. aureus, which can be in the biofilm form. Simple cleaning methods could reduce contamination of the bottles. Laryngoscope, 2010