bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heightened vigilance and its associations with suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among 285 Korean transgender and nonbinary adults: Effect modification by connectedness to the LGBTQ+ community
Authors: Choo Sungsub , Kim Ranyeong , Lee Hyemin , Eom Yun‐Jung , Yi Horim , Kim Rockli , Williams David R. , Kim Seung‐Sup 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionAnti‐transgender stigma presents threats of discrimination to transgender and nonbinary (TGNB) individuals, prompting them to stay vigilant. Using a longitudinal data of 285 South Korean TGNB adults, we examined vigilance and its associations with suicidal ideation and suicide attempt and explored the protective role of connectedness to the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) community.MethodsData were collected in October 2021 (baseline) and October 2022 (follow‐up). Vigilance was measured using the 4‐item Heightened Vigilance Scale at baseline. At follow‐up, 12‐month suicidal ideation and suicide attempt, and connectedness to the LGBTQ+ community were measured.ResultsHaving heightened levels of vigilance was associated with increased prevalence of suicidal ideation (Prevalence Ratio [PR]: 1.33, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.09–1.62) and suicide attempt (PR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.23–3.86), after adjusting for covariates including anti‐transgender discrimination experiences and lifetime suicidality at baseline. When stratified by connectedness to the LGBTQ+ community, the associations between vigilance and suicidality remained statistically significant among those with low connectedness whereas no statistically significant association was observed among those with high connectedness.ConclusionThe study provides empirical evidence for policies and interventions that ensure safety of TGNB individuals from discrimination and promote connectedness to the LGBTQ+ community to reduce the suicide risk among TGNB individuals.
Advancements in medical research: Exploring Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for tissue, cell, and hair sample analysis
Authors: Al‐Kelani Madeha , Buthelezi Ntandoyenkosi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundFourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful analytical tool in medical research, offering non‐invasive and precise examination of the molecular composition of biological samples. The primary objective of this review is to underscore the benefits of FTIR spectroscopy in medicinal research, emphasizing its ability to delineate molecular fingerprints and assist in the identification of biochemical structures and key peaks in biological samples.MethodsThis review comprehensively explores the diverse applications of FTIR spectroscopy in medical investigations, with a specific focus on its utility in analyzing tissue, cells, and hair samples. Various sources, including Google Scholar, PubMed, WorledCat and Scopus, were utilized to conduct this comprehensive literature review.ResultsRecent advancements showcase the versatility of FTIR spectroscopy in elucidating cellular and molecular processes, facilitating disease diagnostics, and enabling treatment monitoring. Notably, FTIR spectroscopy has found significant utility in clinical assessment, particularly in screening counterfeit medicines, owing to its user‐friendly operation and minimal sample preparation requirements. Furthermore, customs officials can leverage this technique for preliminary analysis of suspicious samples.ConclusionThis review aims to bridge a gap in the literature and serve as a valuable resource for future research endeavors in FTIR spectroscopy within the medical domain. Additionally, it presents fundamental concepts of FTIR spectroscopy and spectral data interpretation, highlighting its utility as a tool for molecular analysis using Mid‐Infrared (MIR) radiation.
On the aspectual values of gradable predicates in Mandarin Chinese†
Authors: Woo I‐hao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study presents a syntactic analysis of the different aspectual readings of a gradable predicate in Mandarin Chinese. It is argued that such predicates contain an uninterpretable/underspecified [α dynamic] feature that needs a value. To receive a value, the feature must be in a c‐command relation with a functional element. For example, a functional element like the degree adverb hen ‘very,’ which is in the head of the Degree Phrase, can assign the feature with a negative value, and the predicate has a stative reading. In contrast, a null atelic morpheme in the head of the Inner Aspect Phrase can give a plus value to the predicate and it has an atelic and dynamic reading. The present study also discusses the telic reading of the same kind of predicates functioning either as the main predicate or a secondary one. It is argued that a covert telic morpheme is responsible for the telic reading. The proposed analysis shows that a syntactic account is as plausible as a lexical one, providing a comprehensive understanding of the aspectual readings of gradable predicates in Mandarin Chinese.
Understanding pre‐hospital disease management of fever and diarrhoea in children—Care pathways in rural Tanzania
Authors: Lamshöft Maike Maria , Liheluka Edwin , Ginski Greta , Lusingu John P. A. , Minja Daniel , Gesase Samwel , Mbwana Joyce , Gesase George , Rautman Lydia , Loag Wibke , May Jürgen , Dekker Denise , Krumkamp Ralf 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveMany children in sub‐Saharan Africa die from infectious diseases like malaria, pneumonia, and diarrhoea that can be prevented by early diagnosis, effective and targeted treatment. This study aimed to gain insights into case management practices by parents before they present their children to hospital.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study among 332 parents attending a district hospital with their under‐fives symptomatic with fever and/or diarrhoea between November 2019 and July 2020 in rural Tanzania. Timely and targeted treatment was defined as seeking health care within 24 h of fever onset, and continued fluid intake in case of diarrhoea.ResultsThe main admission diagnoses were acute respiratory infections (61.8%), malaria (25.3%), diarrhoea (18.4%) and suspected sepsis (8.1%). The majority of children (91%) received treatment prior to admission, mostly antipyretics (75.6%), local herbal medicines (26.8%), and antibiotics (17.8%)—half of them without prescription from a clinician. For diarrhoea, the use of oral rehydration solution was rare (9.0%), although perceived as easily accessible and affordable. 49.4% of the parents presented their children directly to the hospital, 23.2% went to a pharmacy/drug shop and 19.3% to a primary health facility first. Malaria symptoms began mostly 3 days before the hospital visit; only 25.4% of febrile children visited any health facility within 24 h of disease onset. Prior use of local herbal medicine (AOR = 3.2; 95% CI 1.4–7.3), visiting the pharmacy (adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0–9.8), the dispensary being the nearest health facility (AOR = 3.0; 95% CI: 1.5–6.2), and financial difficulties (AOR = 2.2; 95% CI 1.1–4.5) were associated with delayed treatment.ConclusionThis study suggests that antipyretics and antibiotics dispensed at pharmacies/drug shops, as well as use of local herbal medicines, delay early diagnosis and treatment, which can be life‐threatening. Pharmacies/drug shops could be integrated as key focal points for sensitising community members on how to respond to paediatric illnesses and encourage the use of oral rehydration solutions.
Population Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Safety Properties of Trametinib in Dogs With Cancer: A Phase I Dose Escalating Clinical Trial
Authors: Takada Marilia , Kitagawa Keita , Zhang Yongzhen , Bulitta Jürgen B. , Moirano Steven , Jones Abigail , Borgen Jennifer , Onsager Ashley , Thaiwong Tuddow , Vail David M. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTMAPK has been reported as a key oncogenic pathway for canine histiocytic sarcoma, which can be pharmacologically targeted with trametinib, a small inhibitor of MEK1/2. Preliminary data showed promising antitumor activity in in vitro and in vivo models and represented a proof of concept to translate the findings from bench to bedside. In this phase I, dose escalating study using a 3 + 3 cohort design, trametinib was evaluated in 18 dogs with cancer. Adverse events were graded according to VCOG‐CTCAE v2. Blood samples and tumour biopsies were collected for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic assessment. Trametinib was well tolerated with a maximum tolerated dose of 0.5 mg/m2/day, PO. Dose‐limiting toxicities included systemic hypertension, proteinuria, lethargy and elevated ALP, and were all Grade 3. The drug exposures increased more than linearly with dose since the elimination of trametinib was saturable. At a dose of 500 μg Q24h (0.5 mg/m2/day in a 30 kg dog), approximately 70% of dogs had an average steady‐state concentration of 10 ng/mL, achieved after approximately 2 weeks. This threshold was associated with clinical efficacy in humans. Target engagement was not observed in biospecimens collected on Days 0 and 7. In conclusion, trametinib was considered safe in dogs with cancer, and the dose of 0.5 mg/m2/day was the recommended dose for phase II studies.
A prospective study evaluating the correlation between local weather conditions, pollen counts and pruritus of dogs with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Widorn L. , Zabolotski Y. , Mueller Ralf S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundCanine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a hereditary, generally pruritic and predominantly T‐cell‐driven inflammatory skin disease, involving an interplay between skin barrier abnormalities, allergen sensitisation and microbial dysbiosis. The individual immunological response is predominantly against environmental allergens, including mite antigens; mould spores; and pollen from grasses, trees and weeds. Airborne pollens show fluctuating patterns during the year.ObjectiveThe aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the influence of local pollen concentrations and weather conditions on the clinical signs of atopic dogs, and to investigate any possible correlations with the results of intradermal testing (IDT).Materials and MethodsThirty‐seven privately owned atopic dogs in Bavaria were surveyed from 1 April to 30 November 2021. Owners were asked to record pruritus using a validated Visual Analog Scale (PVAS) score and the weekly medication of their dog. Furthermore, weather data, including pollen count, rainfall, relative humidity, hours of sunshine and temperature from the dog's location were collected daily.ResultsOf the evaluated parameters, only humidity and medication scores correlated positively with the PVAS scores of the atopic dogs. There was no correlation between specific pollen counts and PVAS scores of dogs with positive IDT reactions to that pollen.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceThe outcome of this study highlights the importance of a careful interpretation of positive IDT results in dogs with cAD and questions the validity of airborne pollen trap methodology in representing pollen exposure for dogs at ground level.
Brief communication: Carrier rate, antimicrobial resistance and molecular typing of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in healthy dogs from Morogoro, Tanzania
Authors: Katakweba Abdul A. S. , Iversen Christine M. , Tsaxra John B. , Muhairwa Amandus P. , Moodley Arshnee , Olsen John E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundStaphylococcus pseudintermedius and S. aureus are important pathogens in dogs. This study established carrier rates, strain diversity and antimicrobial resistance of these bacteria among healthy dogs in Tanzania.ResultsBased on cultures of mouth and perineal swabs, 11.3% and 50.3% of 151 healthy dogs were carriers of S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius, respectively. Only four dogs (3%) carried meticillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA), while none of the S. pseudintermedius strains were meticillin‐resistant. 12 of 19 S. aureus strains tested were resistant to penicillin G, and resistance to enrofloxacin and tetracycline was also commonly detected. The most common resistances in 103 S. pseudintermedius strains tested were to penicillin G (28.2%) and tetracycline (22.3%). S. pseudintermedius strains showed 65 different random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprints, and S. aureus strains belonged to eight different spa types, including two novel types (t18988 and t18989). MRSA strains carried SCCmec type V.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceHealthy dogs in Tanzania were carriers of MRSA at low frequency, and half of the dogs carried S. pseudintermedius with high strain diversity.
A Fully 3D-Printed Flexible Polymeric Heat Pipe
Authors: Luo Kai , Gross Andrew J. , Brown Jackson , Chang Wei , Li Chen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Advancements in flexible electronics demand innovative thermal management solutions that are both flexible and efficient. A fully 3D-printed polymeric heat pipe with high flexibility and low cost was demonstrated in this study. This wickless gravity-assisted heat pipe was fabricated using a commercial stereolithography 3D printer and soft elastomer. An interconnected pocket array was designed to reduce the wall thickness to 0.1 mm. The post-cured heat pipe can be flexed and twisted without tearing or permanent deformation. Experimental studies were conducted to characterize the performance of the heat pipe in vertical and 90-deg flexed configurations. In addition, high-speed imaging was applied to visualize the boiling process within the heat pipe. By charging with a compatible dielectric fluid HFE-7100, the present heat pipe achieved 18.6 W heat dissipation over a hot spot with an area of 25 × 25 mm2, representing about 125% higher heat flux than most reported fully polymeric heat pipes using the same working fluid. When placed vertically, the result showed an effective thermal conductivity of up to 102.7 W/(m · K). The visualization indicated little difference in bubble dynamics between the vertical and flexed configurations owing to a high charging mass. The heat pipe startup occurred at 5.4 W, and no dryout was observed within the test range for either configuration. Finally, a comparison of the present study and other reported fully polymeric flexible heat pipes was made, and future optimization of the heat pipe performance was discussed.
Modeling and Experiment of the Vibro-Acoustic Response of Cylindrical Shells With Internal Substructures
Authors: Zhang Lei , Yu Min , Wang Xianzhong , Ba Mingfei , Pang Zhaoming 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the theoretical and experimental aspects of the vibro-acoustic characteristics of cylindrical shells with internal substructures. On the theoretical side, a hybrid calculation method is proposed, which combines the condensed transfer function method with the direct stiffness method and the precise transfer matrix method. The cylindrical shell with internal substructures is decoupled, and the governing equations for the cylindrical shell substructure and the internal substructure are separately established. Furthermore, the coupling forces between the cylindrical shell substructure and the plate substructure are solved based on the condensed transfer function method. These coupling forces are then incorporated into the overall transfer equation of the cylindrical shell to obtain the vibro-acoustic response of the coupled structure. Compared with the finite element calculation results, the validity of the calculation method in this paper is verified. In terms of experiments, the natural frequency, mode, and vibration acoustic response of the model were tested and compared with the theoretical results, which was in good agreement. The study demonstrates that the proposed hybrid calculation method based on the condensed transfer function is effective in predicting the vibro-acoustic characteristics of cylindrical shells with internal substructures.
Spray Autoignition Study of Bio-Oxygenated Additives Blended With Aviation Kerosene Under Engine-Like Cold-Start Conditions
Authors: Zhang Qiaosheng , Han Yongqiang , Zhang Kechao , Tian Jing 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Bio-oxygenated fuels are expected to be used as a clean alternative energy source to improve the ignition behavior and pollutant emissions of RP-3 kerosene in compression ignition engines. In this study, the spray autoignition of PR-3 blended with different types of oxygenated fuels (including n-pentanol (PeOH), methyl propionate (MP), methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), 1,2-dimethoxyethane (1,2-DME), and 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (EHN)) was measured using a constant volume combustion chamber. Experiments were performed on three sets of blended fuels with different oxygen contents (2.5 wt%, 5 wt%, and 10 wt%) in the temperature range of 723–863 K and at ambient pressures of 2.2 and 4 MPa. A kinetic analysis utilized a merged RP-3 low-temperature kinetic model containing various oxygenated components. The ignition delay of blended fuels increases with the addition of PeOH, MP, and MEK, particularly PeOH, which demands more energy absorption at low temperatures due to its higher specific heat and latent heat of vaporization. As ambient pressure increased, the ignition delay period shortened for all blended fuels; however, PeOH and MEK demonstrated more significant low-temperature suppression. The combined kinetic model can reasonably predict the trend of the effect of oxygenated additives. 1,2-DME showed significantly more low-temperature reactivity versus PeOH, MP, and MEK. The variability is because the products of secondary O2 addition and isomerization of 1,2-DME undergo low-temperature branched chain reactions, but other oxygenated fuels produce more inert components.
Dynamic Simulation of a Molten Salt-Steam Superheater for Load-Following Applications
Authors: Wenner Jacob , Wagner Michael J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The growing use of intermittent renewables in electrical grids increasingly motivates load-following operations as a crucial capability of dispatchable power plants. However, frequent load variations in steam generation equipment can cause premature heat exchanger failure. This paper simulates the dynamic behavior of a high pressure, U-tube/U-shell, salt-to-steam superheater typically found in tower-type concentrating solar power subcritical Rankine cycles. Results focus on responses during load-following and inlet temperature changes. The proposed model is a finite volume method, and thermodynamic and heat transfer properties of both fluids are allowed to vary spatially and temporally. Several flow ramping schemes are investigated, including proportionally equal ramps and proportionally dissimilar ramping, where one fluid reaches its mass flow setpoint faster than the other. Results indicate that salt outlet temperature overshoot can occur if ramp rates are of sufficiently high magnitude, and that U-bend metal temperature rate of change can be approximately 2.5× that observed at either outlet. If proportionally-matched ramping is not possible, ramping steam more slowly than the salt is preferred over the alternative, as cold side and U-bend temperature responses are better regulated. Additionally, mass flowrate and inlet temperature changes are shown to elicit unique responses in the tube bundle metal.
On the Use of Dimension-Reduction Methods in Fatigue Analysis of Flexible Risers Subjected to Bimodal Seas
Authors: Vaillant Alyson Gomes , Sagrilo Luis Volnei Sudati , Custódio Anderson Barata 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Fatigue analyses of flexible pipes through the application of long-term response statistics, when considering bimodal seas, are particularly challenging due to the excessive computational costs involved, since they require, generally, to solve numerically a four-dimensional integral associated with time-domain finite element-based analyses of the flexible pipe. This paper investigates different dimension-reduction methods (DRMs) as effective approaches to compute fatigue damage of these structures. The performance of the DRMs was compared with that of the Monte Carlo simulation method (MCSM). Two case studies are presented: a 4 in., and a 7 in., flexible riser connected to a semi-submersible, and a spread-moored floating production storage and offloading unit platform, respectively. The studies demonstrated that some DRMs presented accurate results, exhibiting high efficacy with errors below 3%. Furthermore, the bivariate dimension-reduction method required only 18% of the computational cost associated with the standard Gauss–Hermite quadrature in space R4 (without any reduction), or much less when compared to the MCSM.
Emergent
emm4
group A
Streptococcus
evidences a survival strategy during interaction with immune effector cells
Authors: Odo Chioma M. , Vega Luis A. , Mukherjee Piyali , DebRoy Sruti , Flores Anthony R. , Shelburne Samuel A. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

The major gram-positive pathogen group A
Streptococcus
(GAS) is a model organism for studying microbial epidemics as it causes waves of infections. Since 1980, several GAS epidemics have been ascribed to the emergence of clones producing increased amounts of key virulence factors such as streptolysin O (SLO). Herein, we sought to identify mechanisms underlying our recently identified temporal clonal emergence among
emm4
GAS, given that emergent strains did not produce augmented levels of virulence factors relative to historic isolates. By creating and analyzing isoallelic strains, we determined that a conserved mutation in a previously undescribed gene encoding a putative carbonic anhydrase was responsible for the defective
in vitro
growth observed in the emergent strains. We also identified that the emergent strains survived better inside macrophages and killed macrophages at lower rates than the historic strains.
Via
the creation of isogenic mutant strains, we linked the emergent strain “survival” phenotype to the downregulation of the SLO encoding gene and upregulation of the
msrAB
operon which encodes proteins involved in defense against extracellular oxidative stress. Our findings are in accord with recent surveillance studies which found a high ratio of mucosal (i.e., pharyngeal) relative to invasive infections among
emm4
GAS. Since ever-increasing virulence is unlikely to be evolutionarily advantageous for a microbial pathogen, our data further understanding of the well-described oscillating patterns of virulent GAS infections by demonstrating mechanisms by which emergent strains adapt a “survival” strategy to outcompete previously circulating isolates.