bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous Metritis Related to the Presence of Vaginal Septum in Pregnant Sprague Dawley Crl:CD(SD) Rats
Authors: Lezmi S. , Thibault-Duprey K. , Bidaut A. , Hardy P. , Pino M. , Macary G. Saint , Barbellion S. , Brunel P. , Dorchies O. , Clifford C. , Leconte I. 
Published: December 2010

Recently, 6% of 1,176 Sprague Dawley rats examined in our reproductive toxicity studies presented with dark-red uterine contents with or without fetuses demonstrating delayed development. Sometimes, a high proportion of the litter was found dead, and dystocia with death or preterminal euthanasia of the dam occurred. Microscopic findings in the uterus consisted of necrohemorrhagic and suppurative periplacentitis associated with the presence of bacterial colonies identified as Escherichia coli. In the vagina, similar findings were observed that were associated with mucus accumulation and the presence of a transverse occlusive or partially occlusive thin membrane identified as a vaginal septum. Microscopically, this septum consisted of a thin band of connective tissue covered on both sides by a mucous epithelium that was continuous with vaginal epithelium. In some cases, there was only mucus accumulation retained by a septum in the vagina without evidence of bacterial infection. Serological and histological examinations did not reveal any specific pathogenic agent. The presence of these septa in the vagina most likely favored mucus accumulation, nonspecific ascending bacterial infection, and dystocia. This colony of rats presented with an unusually high incidence of vaginal septa as it was described in different strains of mice and rats in the past. We hypothesized that the use of an impedance meter by the breeder—to determine the phase of the estrous cycle by introducing a probe in the vagina—likely facilitated gestation by perforating the vaginal septum in some cases.
The Limits of Radical Institutionalism: A Marxian Critique of Thorstein Veblen’s Political Economy
Authors: Penner Devin 
Published: December 2010

Some commentators pose Veblen’s political economy as a corrective to the “reductionist” character of Marxism. This article counters by highlighting the primary source of differences between Veblen and Marx: their methods. Veblen’s generalized conceptions of monopoly and technology, for example, misread the specificity of the systemic logic of capitalism. These dynamics are fully captured only in Marx’s movement from simple, abstract laws to complex, concrete reality, where “non-economic” factors are not reduced to the economic, but rather intervene at a later moment of the concretization process. JEL classification: B14, B15, P16
Prenatal Androgenization of Female Mice Programs an Increase in Firing Activity of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Neurons That Is Reversed by Metformin Treatment in Adulthood
Authors: Roland Alison V. , Moenter Suzanne M. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Prenatal androgenization (PNA) of female mice with dihydrotestosterone programs reproductive dysfunction in adulthood, characterized by elevated luteinizing hormone levels, irregular estrous cycles, and central abnormalities. Here, we evaluated activity of GnRH neurons from PNA mice and the effects of in vivo treatment with metformin, an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) that is commonly used to treat the fertility disorder polycystic ovary syndrome. Estrous cycles were monitored in PNA and control mice before and after metformin administration. Before metformin, cycles were longer in PNA mice and percent time in estrus lower; metformin normalized cycles in PNA mice. Extracellular recordings were used to monitor GnRH neuron firing activity in brain slices from diestrous mice. Firing rate was higher and quiescence lower in GnRH neurons from PNA mice, demonstrating increased GnRH neuron activity. Metformin treatment of PNA mice restored firing activity and LH to control levels. To assess whether AMPK activation contributed to the metformin-induced reduction in GnRH neuron activity, the AMPK antagonist compound C was acutely applied to cells. Compound C stimulated cells from metformin-treated, but not untreated, mice, suggesting that AMPK was activated in GnRH neurons, or afferent neurons, in the former group. GnRH neurons from metformin-treated mice also showed a reduced inhibitory response to low glucose. These studies indicate that PNA causes enhanced firing activity of GnRH neurons and elevated LH that are reversible by metformin, raising the possibility that central AMPK activation by metformin may play a role in its restoration of reproductive cycles in polycystic ovary syndrome.
Leptin Activates a Novel CNS Mechanism for Insulin-Independent Normalization of Severe Diabetic Hyperglycemia
Authors: German Jonathan P. , Thaler Joshua P. , Wisse Brent E. , Oh-I Shinsuke , Sarruf David A. , Matsen Miles E. , Fischer Jonathan D. , Taborsky Gerald J. , Schwartz Michael W. , Morton Gregory J. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The brain has emerged as a target for the insulin-sensitizing effects of several hormonal and nutrient-related signals. The current studies were undertaken to investigate mechanisms whereby leptin lowers circulating blood glucose levels independently of insulin. After extending previous evidence that leptin infusion directly into the lateral cerebral ventricle ameliorates hyperglycemia in rats with streptozotocin-induced uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, we showed that the underlying mechanism is independent of changes of food intake, urinary glucose excretion, or recovery of pancreatic β-cells. Instead, leptin action in the brain potently suppresses hepatic glucose production while increasing tissue glucose uptake despite persistent, severe insulin deficiency. This leptin action is distinct from its previously reported effect to increase insulin sensitivity in the liver and offers compelling evidence that the brain has the capacity to normalize diabetic hyperglycemia in the presence of sufficient amounts of central nervous system leptin.
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Antagonizes Estrogen Up-Regulation of Brain Mitochondrial Function
Authors: Irwin Ronald W. , Yao Jia , Ahmed Syeda S. , Hamilton Ryan T. , Cadenas Enrique , Brinton Roberta Diaz 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe impact of clinical progestins used in contraception and hormone therapies on the metabolic capacity of the brain has long-term implications for neurological health in pre- and postmenopausal women. Previous analyses indicated that progesterone and 17β-estradiol (E2) sustain and enhance brain mitochondrial energy-transducing capacity. Herein we determined the impact of the clinical progestin, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), on glycolysis, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function in brain. Ovariectomized female rats were treated with MPA, E2, E2+MPA, or vehicle with ovary-intact rats serving as a positive control. MPA alone and MPA plus E2 resulted in diminished mitochondrial protein levels for pyruvate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase, ATP synthase, manganese-superoxide dismutase, and peroxiredoxin V. MPA alone did not rescue the ovariectomy-induced decrease in mitochondrial bioenergetic function, whereas the coadministration of E2 and MPA exhibited moderate efficacy. However, the coadministration of MPA was detrimental to antioxidant defense, including manganese-superoxide dismutase activity/expression and peroxiredoxin V expression. Accumulated lipid peroxides were cleared by E2 treatment alone but not in combination with MPA. Furthermore, MPA abolished E2-induced enhancement of mitochondrial respiration in primary cultures of the hippocampal neurons and glia. Collectively these findings indicate that the effects of MPA differ significantly from the bioenergetic profile induced by progesterone and that, overall, MPA induced a decline in glycolytic and oxidative phosphorylation protein and activity. These preclinical findings on the basis of acute exposure to MPA raise concerns regarding neurological health after chronic use of MPA in contraceptive and hormone therapy.
Hyperadiponectinemia Is Independent of Kidney Function, Diabetes Duration, and Control in Type 1 Diabetic Patients without Microangiopathy
Authors: Abi Khalil Charbel , Mohammedi Kamel , Aubert Roberte , Abou Jaoude Elizabeth , Travert Florence , Hadjadj Samy , Fumeron Frédéric , Roussel Ronan , Marre Michel 
Published: December 2010

Introduction:
High total adiponectin (ADPN) levels were reported in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and related to long diabetes duration and nephropathy. We studied whether ADPN and its specific isoforms were elevated in T1D without microangiopathy and whether they were related to kidney function.

Materials and Methods:
Total, high, medium, and low molecular weight ADPN and insulin levels were measured in 47 consecutive normoalbuminuric, normotensive T1D patients without retinopathy and in 47 age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched controls. Glomerular filtration rate was estimated by 51Cr-EDTA plasma clearance.

Results:
Total and high molecular weight ADPN ratio were higher in T1D patients than in controls. ADPN levels were not related to anthropometric measures, whereas they were in controls. In T1D, ADPN levels were not related to glycosylated hemoglobin, diabetes duration, or glomerular filtration rate. Peripheral insulin levels were higher in T1D patients than in controls, but they were not related to ADPN levels. In controls, insulin levels were positively related to total ADPN.

Conclusion:
In T1D without microangiopathy, high ADPN levels could not be related to anthropometric diabetes parameters, kidney function, or high insulin levels. The nature of this elevation remains unknown.
Creation of Hierarchical Polysaccharide Strand: Supramolecular Spinning of Nanofibers by Microfluidic Device
Authors: Numata Munenori , Takigami Yusuke , Takayama Momoko 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
We have demonstrated that the creation of hierarchical polysaccharide architectures can be achieved by using a fluidic liquid–liquid interface as a dynamic template for the supramolecular spinning of polysaccharide nanofibers. The individual polysaccharide nanofibers were entangled to form extended network structures in the macroscopic strand, which is never produced through conventional renaturing of polysaccharide. The wrapping of a synthetic functional polymer by the polysaccharide also proceeded on the fluidic liquid interface, leading to the creation of polysaccharide strand having unique functionalities such as conductivity or fluorescence arising from the entrapped polymer.
Self-assembly Synthesis of High-density Platinum Nanoparticles on Chemically Reduced Graphene Sheets
Authors: Li Wenbo , Zhai Dongyuan , Qiu Hao , Pang Huan , Pan Lijia , Shi Yi 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Self-assembly was used to synthesize high-density Pt nanoparticles on chemically reduced graphene sheets (CRGSs). By employing 1-pyrenemethylamine (Py-CH2NH2) as the interlinker to form a self-assembled layer on the surface of graphene nanosheets via π–π stacking, high-density Pt nanoparticles on CRGSs were obtained. The uniform and high-density Pt nanoparticle/CRGS composite may have potential in the fields of catalysis, surface-enhanced Raman spectra, and fuel cells.
Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting over ALi2Ti6O14 (A: 2Na and Sr) with Tunneling Structure
Authors: Iwase Akihide , Teoh Wey Yang , Amal Rose 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
RuO2-cocatalyst-loaded ALi2Ti6O14 (A: 2Na and Sr) with a unique tunneling structure shows photocatalytic activity for water splitting into H2 and O2 in stoichiometric amounts under UV irradiation. The addition of LiOH in the reactant solution, to replenish Li+ defects within the tunneling structure, improved the photocatalytic activities of ALi2Ti6O14 (A: 2Na and Sr) by approximately 10 and four times, respectively.
New Molecular Metals Based on a Tetrathiapentalene Donor with Peripheral Methoxy Groups
Authors: Ito Tetsuya , Nakamura Ken-ichi , Shirahata Takashi , Kawamoto Tadashi , Mori Takehiko , Misaki Yohji 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
A new tetrathiapentalene (TTP) donor 2-(4,5-dimethoxy-1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-5-(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-1,3,4,6-tetrathiapentalene (DMO-TTP) has been synthesized, and the PF6 and AsF6 salts have also been prepared by electrochemical crystallization. X-ray structure analyses have revealed that intermolecular and intramolecular CH···O hydrogen bondings are constructed in the neutral crystal and the cation radical salts, respectively. The PF6 and AsF6 salts have a so-called β-type arrangement of the donors and show metallic behavior down to around 10 K.
Cognitive processes in university learning: A developmental framework using structural equation modelling
Authors: Phan Huy P. 
Published: December 2010

Background. Both achievement goals and study processing strategies theories have been shown to contribute to the prediction of students’ academic performance. Existing research studies (Fenollar, Román, & Cuestas, 2007; Liem, Lau, & Nie, 2008; Simons, Dewitte, & Lens, 2004) amalgamating these two theoretical orientations in different causal models have reported their associations with other adaptive strategies and motivational constructs – for example, effort expenditure. Despite this recognition, there have been to date very few studies that explored the relations between achievement goals, study processing strategies, effort, and academic performance over time. Aim of study. The primary focus of our study is to explore the relations between the aforementioned theoretical constructs over a 2‐year period. Specifically, we tested an empirical model that conceptualized the relations between performance‐approach and mastery goals, deep processing strategies, effort, and academic performance across six time points of data collection. Methodology. Two hundred and eighty‐one (161 females, 120 males) university students took part in this study. The participants were administered various Likert‐scale inventories and the overall course mark and final examination were used as indexes of academic performance. Results. Structural equation modelling indicated a relatively good fit to the a posteriori model and the hypothesized paths were, in part, supported. The major findings included the predictive effects of performance‐approach goals at Time 1 on deep processing strategies at Time 2 and mastery goals at Time 3; the predictive effect of mastery goals at Time 3 on effort at Time 4; the predictive effects of deep processing at Time 2 on mastery goals at Time 3 and Time 4. Furthermore, the placement of deep processing and effort in this structural model also accentuated the performance‐approach goals – mastery goals – effort – academic performance relation, and the performance‐approach goals – deep processing – mastery goals – effort – academic performance relation. Discussion. Our study has important theoretical and practical implications concerning the conceptualization of the performance‐approach and mastery goals relationship, and the use of goal structure and adaptive strategies (e.g., deep processing) to enhance academic learning.
Excitation functions and yields for cyclotron production of radiorheniumvianatW(p,ߙxn)181-186gRe nuclear reactions and tests on the production of186gRe using enriched186W
Authors: Bonardi Mauro , Groppi Flavia , Persico Elisa , Manenti Simone , Abbas Kamel , Holzwarth Uwe , Simonelli Federica , Alfassi Z. B. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractExcitation functions and thin-target yields for the181-186gRe radionuclides have been measured by the stacked-foil activation technique on tungsten foils of natural isotopic composition for different proton energies up to 22.0 MeV. A further check on the cross sections was done by irradiation of thick-targets and comparing the irradiated thick-target yields with those calculated by analytical integration from the thin-target yields. The production of186gRe was also studied by the irradiation of thick-target of enriched186W with a 13.6±0.2 MeV proton beam. The results for186W(p,ߙn)186gRe were compared also to those calculated by the EMPIRE II code (version 2.19), due to186gRe extensive applications in nuclear medicine for metabolic radiotherapy of tumours. It was found that the maximum percentage of186gRe by irradiation of natural tungsten is about 20% only, which confirms the conclusion that high radionuclidic purity and specific activity of186gRe necessitate the use of highly enriched186W target.
Complexation of thorium with phosphate
Authors: Ekberg Christian , Knutsson A. , Albinsson Yngve , Brown P. L. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Using liquid–liquid extraction and the AKUFVE-technique developed by the Nuclear Chemistry Department at Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, the complex formation equilibria of hydrogen phosphate (HPO4
2−) with thorium have been studied at different temperatures (15, 25 and 35 °C), varying pH (7, 8 and 8.7) and in 1 M (Na,H)ClO4. Evaluation of the acquired solvent extraction data indicated the formation of the ThHPO4
2+, Th(HPO4)2(aq) and Th(HPO4)3
2− complexes. For Th(HPO4)2(aq) and Th(HPO4)3
2−, the logarithm of the stability constants obtained at 25 °C were 17.0±3.5 and 23.7±0.2, respectively. Only an estimate of the stability of ThHPO4
2+ could be obtained. Enthalpies and entropies of the complex formation reactions have been determined: Th(HPO4)2(aq) (ΔH=698±27 kJ mol−1, ΔS=2669±91 J mol−1 K−1) and Th(HPO4)3
2− (ΔH=499±4 kJ mol−1, ΔS=2137±12 J mol−1 K−1).
Are Revisions to SFAS No. 5 Needed?
Authors: Desir Rosemond , Fanning Kirsten , Pfeiffer Ray J. 
Published: December 2010

SYNOPSIS: In the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (FASB) project, “Disclosure of Certain Loss Contingencies,” a central issue underlying the debate is whether existing implementation of FASB Accounting Standards Codification Topic 450-20 (previously Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 5) provides sufficient and timely information to financial statement users. The Exposure Draft explains that constituents’ assertions of inadequate disclosures are the primary motive underlying the FASB’s re-examination of this issue (see, for example, page v of the Exposure Draft). However, little actual data are available to indicate the extent of the alleged problem. This manuscript presents the results of a study undertaken to provide such data.
For a sample of litigation-related losses, we find a surprisingly large incidence of non-disclosure of contingent losses that cannot be readily explained. Moreover, even where there is disclosure, we find many cases where firms do not provide estimates of expected losses, presumably under the permitted exception for cases where firms claim to be unable to estimate the magnitude of expected losses. On the other hand, we find relatively frequent disclosure of the items called for in the Exposure Draft, consistent with the conjecture that at least some of these items are being demanded by users.
Structure of Metastrongylidae in wild boars from southern Poland
Authors: Nosal P. , Kowal J. , Nowosad B. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Of 25 wild boars (Sus scrofa) collected in southern Poland during the winter season of 2009/2010 and examined for lung nematodes, 20 (80.0 %) were concominantly infected, and the mean ± SD intensity reached 84.8 ± 67.6 (range 7–250) parasites. From the whole of 1695 gathered Metastrongylidae specimens, 1121 (66.1 %) were distinguished to five species: Metastrongylus pudendotectus, M. salmi, M. asymmetricus, M. elongatus and M. confusus. The species ratios were 3.4:2.7:1.5:1.1:1.0, respectively, with the average male to female worms proportion of 1:2.7. M. pudendotectus and M. confusus affected most (76.0 %) of animals, followed by M. salmi (72.0 %), M. elongatus (64.0 %) and M. asymmetricus (40.0 %). Compared to juveniles under 1 year and females, adults and male hosts tended to be more infected, and wild boars inhabiting primeval forest were more affected by lung nematodes than those living in the arable land, all the differences being however not significant. Possible factors structuring Metastrongylidae communities are discussed.
Metazoan endoparasites of three species of anurans collected from the Middle Black Sea Region of Turkey
Authors: Düşen S. , Oğuz M. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
In this report, European common toads; Bufo bufo, European green toads Bufo viridis and marsh frogs Rana ridibunda were collected in Amasya, Çorum, and Tokat Provinces (Middle Black Sea Region of Turkey) 2005 and 2006 and examined for helminths. Two of 2 (100 %) Bufo bufo and 8 of 8 (100 %) Bufo viridis and 57 of 63 (90.5 %) Rana ridibunda were infected with 1 or more helminths. The helminths of B. bufo included Oswaldocruzia filiformis and Oxysomatium brevicaudatum. The helminth fauna of B. viridis comprised 5 species: 1 species of trematode (Pleurogenoides medians), 1 species of cestode (Nematotaenia dispar) and 3 species of nematodes, (Oswaldocruzia filiformis, Cosmocerca ornata, and Oxysomatium brevicaudatum), while the helminth fauna of Rana ridibunda comprised 9 species: 4 species of trematodes (Gorgodera cygnoides, Gorgoderina vitelliloba, Haematoloechus breviansa, and Opisthioglyphe ranae), 3 species of nematodes Oswaldocruzia filiformis, Cosmocerca ornata, and Oxysomatium brevicaudatum), and 2 species of acanthocephalans (Pomphorhynchus laevis and Acanthocephalus ranae). Oswaldocruzia filiformis, Cosmocerca ornata, and Oxysomatium brevicaudatum were collected from all three host species. In addition, Pleurogenoides medians represents a new host record for Bufo viridis in Turkey.
Helminth fauna of two cyprinid fish (Campostoma ornatum and Codoma ornata) from the upper Piaxtla River, Northwestern Mexico
Authors: Aguilar-Aguilar R. , Rosas-Valdez R. , Martínez-Aquino A. , Pérez-rodríguez R. , Domínguez-Domínguez O. , Pérez-ponce de León G. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The helminth parasite fauna of 2 species of freshwater fishes from the upper Piaxtla River in northwestern Mexico was studied. A total of 41 cyprinids, corresponding to 20 Campostoma ornatum and 21 Codoma ornata were analyzed. Six species of platyhelminths were recorded, including 2 species of monogeneans (Gyrodactylus sp. and Dactylogyrus sp.), 3 species of digeneans (Posthodiplostomum minimum, Clinostomum complanatum, and Margotrema sp.), and 1 species of tapeworm (Bothriocephalus acheilognathi). Helminth parasite infracommunities were depauperate, showed low richness and diversity values, and were dominated by 1 or 2 helminth species. This pattern is consistent with that observed for the helminth parasite communities in other freshwater fishes in central and northern Mexico.