bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis versus recovery
Authors: Barnes P. 
Published: May 2011

The Recovery and Wellness Movement is the framework within which we ask the chronically mentally ill to understand how they might best manage their lives.The epistemological and cultural primacy of a patient′s psychiatric diagnosis minimizes effective involvement in the Recovery Movement.The aim of this presentation is to present both the implications to the patient in being trapped in any diagnostic labyrinth and how she/he can“escape” into a DIFFERENT awareness of the meaning of her/his diagnosis while still actively pursueing meaningful Recovery goals.Various cognitive behavior techniques will be discussed to highlight both how patients should understand the real albeit limited value of their diagnoses as well as understand the necessary self-evaluation and attitudinal changes that will allow them to understand how best to participate in the Recovery Movement. The desired result: Both patients and mental health professionals will learn to minimize any heuristic value in even the term-“Patient.”
Culture bound syndromes- a cross-sectional study from India
Authors: Bhatia M.S. , Jhanjee A. , Kumar P. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionSociocultural factors profoundly influence and determine every aspect of psychiatric disorder. The term culture bound syndrome refers to psychopathological entities that are not mere variants of well recognized psychiatric disorder, have a geographically defined prevalence, and are largely determined, at least in their symptoms by the beliefs and assumptions prevalent in the native culture. Dhat syndrome, possession syndrome, Koro, Ascetic syndrome, Gilhari syndrome are some of the frequently reported culture bound syndromes from Indian subcontinent.ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence rates and psychiatric co morbidities in patients affected by Dhat syndrome, possession syndrome, Koro, Ascetic syndrome, Gilhari syndrome.Methods50 subjects of either sex affected by at least one of the following culture bound syndromes - Dhat syndrome, possession syndrome, Koro, Ascetic syndrome, Gilhari syndrome were recruited on consecutive basis from the patients attending psychiatry outpatients department of a tertiary care hospital in Delhi, India. The selected subjects were assessed for respective prevalence rates and co morbidity profile in patients affected with above listed culture bound syndromes.ResultsOf 50 cases of culture bound syndromes seen in psychiatry OPD, Dhat syndrome was most common (80%), followed by Possession syndrome (14%), Ascetic syndrome (2%), Gilhari syndrome (2%), Koro (2%). Depression was the most common associated psychiatric disorder.ConclusionsCulture bound syndromes exhibit significant psychiatric co morbidity, this study calls for careful evaluation of these patients psychologically to detect and treat the associated psychiatric co morbidity appropriately.
Linking brain and culture: Universalism and differentialism
Authors: Cabanis M. , Martinez Mateo M. , Cruz de Echeverria Loebell N. , Krach S. 
Published: May 2011

In 2009, Joan Y. Chiao, one of the leading experts in Cultural Neuroscience, labeled the research field as „a once and future discipline”. Ten years ago neuroscientists began to study cultural phenomena applying functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Since then the number of publications and research grants related to this topic has tremendously increased. This was reason enough to examine the concepts of culture implicated, but rarely explicitly discussed, in these studies. Therefore we analyzed 42 English language manuscripts of original fMRI studies spanning from the advent of Cultural Neuroscience in the year 2000 to 2010 published in peer-reviewed journals (indexed in large databases [MEDLINE, PsychInfo, PubMed). Common to all of them were cultural comparisons between divided groups and communities, as e.g. black vs. white, easterners vs. westerners, Asian vs. Caucasian, Americans vs. Turks.We reviewed the manuscripts with regard to the following aspects: type of comparison, the conveyed concept of culture using the classification by Reckwitz [normative, totality-oriented, differentiation-theoretical and the meaning- and knowledge-oriented], implicit valuation of the comparisons, and the artifact of the comparison. We extracted two main lines of reasoning:1)Universal models for the interaction between cultures and2)investigations pursuing a differentiation of divided cultural groups.Both lines tend to simplify culture as an inflexible set of traits, specificities or biological diversities. We argue against the rigid understanding of culture, point out its disguised valuation and risks considering the Hackingian ‘looping effect’.
Is religion really important?
Authors: Da Ponte G. , Neves T. , Lobo M. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionKnowing the impact that religious beliefs can have on the etiology, diagnosis and course of psychiatric disorders will help psychiatrists better understand their patients, assessing when the religious or spiritual beliefs are used to cope with mental illness and when they may be exacerbating this disease.ObjectivesAlert to the importance of religion in clinical practice.MethodsRelevant literature review.ResultsSeveral studies have demonstrated the influence of spirituality on physical, mental and health. In 1988, the World Health Organization (WHO) has given rise to the interest in further investigations in this area, with the inclusion of a spiritual aspect of the multidimensional concept of health. The spiritual well-being can be considered a protective factor for psychiatric disorders.Although it is not possible to determine with accuracy, the mechanisms of interaction of spirituality on health, especially mental health, several studies suggest that exercise can influence the spiritual activities, psychodynamically, through positive emotions. Furthermore, these emotions may be important for mental health in terms of possible psychophysiological and psychoneuroimmunological mechanisms.Anthropological sources suggest that beliefs in demons, black magic and evil spirits as cause of mental illness and distress are common. They may be less prevalent in western countries but even in Europe it's possible to see patients thought that their condition have been caused by evil and occult possession.ConclusionsClinicians should understand the negative and positive roles that religion plays in those with mental disorders and use this in clinical practice.
Medication adherence among Asian psychiatric outpatients: A systematic review
Authors: Fancher T. , Lee D. , Cheng J. , Yang M.S. , Larry Y. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionLittle is known about medication adherence among Asians and Asian Americans in psychiatric treatment.ObjectiveWe conducted a systematic review of studies of Asian American and Asian patients with depression or schizophrenia to understand adherence rates and tools used to measure adherence.MethodsA key word search of PubMED and PsycINFO, restricted to journal articles available in English or Chinese and published between 1960 and March 2010 was performed. Reference lists of studies meeting inclusion criteria were manually reviewed and content experts were consulted. Two investigators independently reviewed all identified publications for inclusion using predetermined criteria and a pilot tested data-abstraction form.ResultsOf the 1520 journal articles retrieved, 10 met criteria for inclusion. Adherence rates among patients with schizophrenia ranged from 5–71%; adherence rates among patients with depression ranged from 16–67%. Adherence rates varied among Asian sub-populations: Chinese patients’ rates ranged from 6–56%; Taiwanese patients’ rate was 46–61%; Asian American patients’ rate was 16%; Japanese patients’ rate was 56–71%; and Singaporean patients’ rate was 4.3%. Adherence was measured by: self-report; blood levels; refill rates; chart review; or physician/nurse or family caregiver report.ConclusionMedication adherence rates varied across clinical populations and country of origin. Nearly all of the rates are lower than many clinicians would consider acceptable. A critical step to research on improving adherence will involve reaching consensus on how to measure rates.
Vulnerability and diagnosis of psychosis among migrant patients in modena
Authors: Giubbarelli C. , Ferrari S. , Reggianini C. , Rigatelli M. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe risk of psychotic spectrum disorders in Western countries seems to be higher among immigrants than natives. The higher vulnerability may be related to biological, psychological and social factors while cultural and diagnostic difficulties seem to delay an effective therapeutic intervention, with longer DUP (duration of untreated psychosis).Aim of the study is to analyze the characteristics of psychotic patients of foreign origin with a particular attention to their use of mental health services.MethodsWe studied all migrant patients attended to 3 Community Mental Health Centres (CMHC) and to the Psychiatric Hospital (PH) of Modena over a period of a month.The socio-demographic and clinical data were collected by means of a structured culturally-oriented form.Results63 patients of foreign origin attended to the Services. 46% of all diagnoses is a psychotic disorder (most frequent diagnosis being that of brief psychotic episode: 19.15% in CMHC, 22% in PH).Psychotic disorders are prevalently present among Asian, South American and Eastern European populations.Use of second generation antipsychotics is frequent in the CMHC (23.4% of all psychopharmacological treatments, p = 0.003) while combined therapies dominate in PH (42.86%). The DUP is on average 12 weeks in PH, 8 in CMHC.ConclusionWe would confirm a high incidence of psychosis among migrant subjects, with a tendency to use emergency health services. Often there are difficulties in establishing a continuous and territorial therapeutic relationship, or to intervene in the early stage of onset.
Can’t take that song out of my mind… impact of psychiatry in music
Authors: Gago E. , Alves A. , Santos M. , Ribeiro A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionAs Aldoux Huxley said in his essay Music at Night (1931) ”After silence, that which comes nearest to expressing the inexpressible is music.”Music has always played an important role in knowledge and communication among different cultures and it plays a very important role in young people culture, transmitting their worries and interests. The music world, especially rock, jazz and blues, has been related to drugs and alcohol. Themes related to drug and alcohol abuse and other mental disorders are frequent in the contents of songs, titles and even in the names of bands.ObjectivesThe authors aim to show the relation between music and mental disorders.MethodsThe authors made a brief review of lyrics, song titles and names of popular bands of different music styles and times.ConclusionIn many song lyrics and titles it is frequent to appear promotion of drugs and alcohol abuse as well as reference to psychiatric clinical terms as suicide, hallucination and depression.
Abridged cultural formulation of a clinical case
Authors: Garcia del Castillo I. , Caballero Martinez L. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionCultural formulation (CF) of the DSM-IV is the cultural assessment tool promoted by the APA, not fully developed, that has limitations in clinical practice. An abridged cultural development, integrated into the overall clinical development of the case, might be more operational.ObjectivesDevelop an abridged CF of a clinical case, focusing only on relevant cultural elements for the proper understanding of the case diagnosis and therapeutic approach.Patients/ methodsA 43 year old woman from Hispanic Caribbean was admitted to a psychiatric unit, diagnosed with cycloid psychosis. She had been hospitalized twice before, with diagnosis of acute polymorphic psychotic episode. The three episodes seemed reactive to stress - loneliness, isolation, lack of protection - all on an abnormal development of personality with a clear overdevelopment of professional self versus other aspects of the self. The knowledge of sociopolitical conditions of her country, provided by a key informant, was necessary to deepen the narrative sense that the patient gave her disease.ResultsThe diagnostic formulation including an abridged CF, made by introducing cultural elements, lead to a better understanding of the underlying psychopathology and sense of anomalous behaviour, develop an explanation of the disease acceptable to the patient and improve the therapeutic alliance, ensuring adherence to treatment and satisfaction with it.ConclusionsCognitive neuroscience and anthropological theories have to mix their methods to offer a more valid and reliable instrument than currently available. Future instruments must be compatible with work of a clinical psychiatrist and demonstrate cost-effectiveness of their use.
A study on comorbidities, knowledge and attitudes among patients of dhat syndrome
Authors: Jhanjee A. , Bhatia M.S. , Kumar P. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionDhat syndrome is a commonly recognized clinical entity in Indian culture. It consists of vague somatic symptoms (fatigue, weakness, anxiety, loss of appetite, guilt, etc.) and at times sexual dysfunction (impotence or premature ejaculation), which the patient attributes to the passing of semen (Dhat) in urine as a direct consequence of his excessive indulgence in masturbation or sexual intercourse.ObjectivesTo assess medical and psychiatric co-morbidities and prevalent knowledge and attitudes among patients of Dhat syndrome.MethodsA cross-sectional study of 50 consecutive male patients with Dhat syndrome attending psychosexual clinic of a tertiary care hospital in Delhi was performed to ascertain co-morbid psychiatric and medical disorders and the prevalent knowledge and attitudes of subjects towards Dhat syndrome and its management.ResultsThe commonest associated psychiatric illness was neurotic depression followed by anxiety neurosis. The commonest associated medical illness was urinary tract infections (UTI) followed by sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Majority of subjects believed Dhat to be semen; that Dhat syndrome causes both physical and mental weakness and; that health tonics are required for successful management of Dhat syndrome. More than half of the subjects believed that masturbation causes Dhat syndrome. The study reveals a change in knowledge and attitudes of patients affected with Dhat syndrome in the last decade.ConclusionsDhat syndrome exhibits significant medical and psychiatric co-morbidity. The findings of this study need to be further evaluated in the immigrant population.
Evaluation of self-esteem with internalized stigmatization in the patients with mentally illness
Authors: Keser I. , Saygin N. , Turkan S. , Kulaksizoglu B. , Buldukoglu K. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionInternalized stigmatization means a internalized reaction in the person with mentally illness as a answer against the people reject and discrimination.ObjectiveThe peoples with mentally illness believe that most people reject and devalue people with mental illnesses, they may suffer a number of negative outcomes, such as demoralization, lowered self-esteem.AimThe aim of our study was to identify the relationship between the factors effecting the internalized stigmatization and self-esteem among patients with mentally illness.MethodsIn this study, we measured the prevalence of internalized stigma among 115 outpatients referring to the Psychiatry Service of Antalya Education and Research Hospital between 2009–2010 using Rosenberg Self-Esteem(SE) Scale, the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness(ISMI) Scale, and Personel Datasheet.ResultsOf the patients, 53.9% had middle level of SE and the 22.00–70.00 ranging of ISMI, 30.4% of the patients were found to be 21–30 years-old. We found the increase of ISMI when SE was decreased in both of gender(p = 0.01, r = -0.67) and it was also found to be decreased of ISMI when the education level was increased in the patients(p = 0.004,r = -0.27). Recurrent hospitalization of the patients increased their ISMI points(p = 0.014, r = 0.23). There was no statistical relation between the living place of the patients and their ISMI points(p = 0.523).ConclusionsOur results suggest that some factors effected internalized stigma and showed the relationship between the internalized stigmatization and self-esteem among patients with mentally illness. To decrease and prevent internalized stigmatization, a specific education should be provided to patients, families and society by health professionals.
Family dynamics in greek roma
Authors: Mentis M. , Kotrotsiou S. , Paralikas T. , Paschou A. , Mantzoukas S. , Bakouras S. , Kotrotsiou E. , Gouva M. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionRoma think highly of the family. Its function is influenced by Roma's distinguished cultural system and their system of values.AimThe objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between family relationships, personal growth, family system maintenance and sociodemographic factors in Roma.Materials and methods145 individuals (105 male and 89 female), residents of the general area of Greece, participated in the present study. The measures used were: a) The Family Environment Scale (Form R-FES) and b) A questionnaire concerning socio-demographic information.ResultsThe marital status correlated with the Cohesion in Roma family (r. = .225, P = .002), Expressiveness (r. = .188, P = .009), Conflict (r. = -.178, P = .013), Achievement Orientation, Intellectual - Cultural Orientation (r. = .184, P = .010), Family Organization (r. = .267, P = .000), Family Control (r. = -.178, P = .013), and Family Incongruence (r. = .200, P = .005). The sex correlated with the Achievement Orientation (r. = -.253, P = .000), Moral-Religious Emphasis (r. = -.275, P = .000), Family Organization (r. = -.172, P = .016), Family Control (r. = -.280, P = .000), and Family Incongruence (r. = -.182, P = .011). The work situation correlated with the Cohesion (r. = -.207, P = .004), Achievement Orientation (r. = -.173, P = .016), Intellectual - Cultural Orientation (r. = -.177, P = .014), Family Organization (r. = -.220, P = .002), Family Control (r. = -.180, P = .012), and Family Incongruence (r. = -.205, P = .004).. The state of residence correlated with Conflict (r. = -.213, P = .003), Independence (r. = .213, P = .003), Achievement Orientation (r. = .202, P = .005), and Moral-Religious Emphasis (r. = .191, P = .008).ConclusionsIn Greek Roma the different Relationship Dimensions and the Personal Growth Dimensions are influenced by certain demographic factors like the marital status, the work situation, the state of their residence (existence of bathroom, electricity) and also the possession of legal documents (ID).
The sang bok lee neurosynchronistic dream scales: an empirical exploration of jungian synchronicity
Authors: Lee S.B. 
Published: May 2011

AimThe purpose of this study was to verify the Jungian concept of synchronicity and to utilize lucid dreaming techniques for the selected dreamers to experience synchronistic dreams more frequently.Methods1248 dreams were collected from 416 Korean college students, Yongin, South Korea: 198 males (M age = 20.46 years, SD = 1.32) and 218 females (M age = 20.17, SD = 1.26). The collected dreams were coded by the Sang Bok Lee Neurosynchronistic Dream Scales. 36 dreams (2.88%) were evaluated as synchronistic and 10 dreamers were selected randomly and voluntarily: six females (M age = 20.19, SD = 1.24) and 4 males (M age = 20.47, SD = 1.35). Total twelve sessions for lucid dreaming technique training (one-hour session, twice per week, and six-week duration) were conducted and the trained dreamers reported their dreams during and after the twelve sessions.Results50 dreams that were collected during and after the lucid dreaming sessions were coded and found as significantly increased in terms of synchronistic dream frequency mode (9 dreams, 18%, when compared with the untrained dreamers: p < 0.0001). The results were empirically supported by “Lee Acculturation Dream Scale” (Lee, Sang Bok, 2005: Psychological Reports, 96, 454–456), “The Sang Bok Lee Neurocognitive Dream Orientations Scales” (2010, European Psychiatry), and by “Dreaming Brain and Acculturative Mind” (Lee, Sang Bok, 2010, European Psychiatry).ConclusionLucid dreaming constitutes a future-oriented intentionality, adaptive function of brain/mind, neural plasticity, and a certain realization of the Jungian concept of synchronicity with measurable differences from untrained dreamers.
Communitarian campaign against the stigma of schizophrenia: “be on the stage”
Authors: Filipe N.S.L. , Clemente P.J. , Mateus S.I.S. , Lopes R.C.C. 
Published: May 2011

The use of cultural approaches addressing stigma and discrimination promotes acceptance by raising consciousness. People with schizophrenia are often stigmatized by others.Discrimination associated with common myths contributes to social exclusion and treatment delay, creating a barrier to recovery.This paper aims to present the development, implementation and evaluation of an anti-stigma campaign in the context of primary health care and local community using theatrical techniques.In the Health Centre waiting rooms the invisible theatre technique was implemented, consisting in the performance of a previously rehearsed script without informing the public that it was a play, aiming to provoke debate and clarify problems related to social inequality and discrimination. The play script addressed common myths related to schizophrenia: People with schizophrenia are usually dangerous and violent; People with schizophrenia are unlikely to recover; Schizophrenia, as other mental conditions is a sign of weakness and not a true medical illness and others. In the local community, street performances were implemented based on image theatre techniques consisting in the use of living body imagery to address the myths described above.Behavioural responses to the intervention were assessed using Likert type scale. Most of the people in both the settings were paying attention to the performances and dialogues. People watching street performances, however, were more active in expressing opinions or making specific questions related to the subject.Further research on the impact of anti-stigma campaigns using theatre techniques is needed. These strategies may provide an effective approach to fight stigma in communitarian settings.