bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving energy compaction of a wavelet transform using genetic algorithm and fast neural network
Authors: Stolarek Jan 
Published: December 2010

Improving energy compaction of a wavelet transform using genetic algorithm and fast neural networkIn this paper a new method for adaptive synthesis of a smooth orthogonal wavelet, using fast neural network and genetic algorithm, is introduced. Orthogonal lattice structure is presented. A new method of supervised training of fast neural network is introduced to synthesize a wavelet with desired energy distribution between output signals from low-pass and high-pass filters on subsequent levels of a Discrete Wavelet Transform. Genetic algorithm is proposed as a global optimization method for defined objective function, while neural network is used as a local optimization method to further improve the result. Proposed approach is tested by synthesizing wavelets with expected energy distribution between low- and high-pass filters. Energy compaction of proposed method and Daubechies wavelets is compared. Tests are performed using image signals.
Influence of Metallic Die Temperature in the Solidification of Cu-10%Al-2%Fe Alloy
Authors: Cenoz I. 
Published: December 2010

Influence of Metallic Die Temperature in the Solidification of Cu-10%Al-2%Fe AlloyThe phases obtained in copper aluminium bronze alloy (Cu-Al10-Fe2) cast into a permanent die were investigated. The parameters examined were the pre-heating temperatures of the die and the graphite coating thickness. The phases α and γ2were detected as well as the metastable phases β' and γ'. The intermetallics of the system Fe-Al were obtained in various stoichiometric compositions. The different cooling rates of the casting resulted in two mechanisms of transformation to α grains out of the unstable β phase, one being nucleation and growth producing needle shaped α grains, the other exhibiting a massive transformation to spherical α grains. These two mechanisms determine the changes in the size of the α grains as a result of changes in the cooling rate in its various ranges.
Use of Industrially Produced Synthetic Slag at Třinecké Železárny, A.S.
Authors: Michalek K. , Čamek L. , Piegza Z. , Pilka V. , Morávka J. 
Published: December 2010

Use of Industrially Produced Synthetic Slag at Třinecké Železárny, A.S.
The paper summarises experience with using synthetic slags on the CaO - Al2O3 oxide basis in the technological flow of the oxygen converter steelworks in TŘINECKÉ ŽELEZÁRNY, a.s. These slags are used as an alternative to slags containing fluorspar which unfavourably affects both the service life of ladle linings and the steelwork's working environment. The content gives the first knowledge of using the Refraflux type synthetic slag to desulphurize steel, and it also provides a basic statistical evaluation of the heat produced.
Options to Prevent Dicalcium Silicate-Driven Disintegration of Stainless Steel Slags
Authors: Pontikes Y. , Jones P. , Geysen D. , Blanpain B. 
Published: December 2010

Options to Prevent Dicalcium Silicate-Driven Disintegration of Stainless Steel SlagsIn this paper, a short overview is given on the strategy for high dicalcium silicate stainless steel slags stabilisation along with some results from work done and currently being performed at the K.U. Leuven.
Alternative Automatic Vehicle Classification Method
Authors: Burnos Piotr 
Published: December 2010

Alternative Automatic Vehicle Classification Method
The paper deals with the new method of automatic vehicle classification called ALT (ALTernative). Its characteristic feature is versatility resulting from its open structure, moreover a user can adjust the number of vehicles and their category according to individual requirements. It uses an algorithm for automatic vehicle recognition employing data fusion methods and fuzzy sets. High effectiveness of classification while retaining high selectivity of division was proved by test results. The effectiveness of classification of all vehicles at the level of 95% and goods trucks of 100% is more than satisfactory.
Accuracy Assessment of Shape Mapping Using Computer Tomography
Authors: Ryniewicz Andrzej 
Published: December 2010

Accuracy Assessment of Shape Mapping Using Computer TomographyDiagnosis and therapy of human diseases is often associated with an analysis of the geometry of internal organs or their pathological conditions. That is why the problem of accuracy assessment of shape mapping using computer tomography and the latest imaging techniques became very important. Therefore, in the paper the accuracy assessment of mapping was proposed using the real shape of the synthetic indices. Two test cases were presented - a reference sphere and the cartilage surface of the knee condyle. The results of tomography research and analysis of accuracy of shape mapping using the "best fit" method and the program Reshaper, in the form of synthetic indicators are presented.
Transcriptional pattern of TGF-β1 inhibitory effect on mouse C2C12 myoblasts differentiation
Authors: Wicik Z. , Sadkowski T. , Jank M. , Motyl T. 
Published: December 2010

Transcriptional pattern of TGF-β1 inhibitory effect on mouse C2C12 myoblasts differentiation
The aim of the present study was to define the effect of TGF-β1 on C2C12 myoblasts myogenesis. TGF-β1 together with its receptor is a negative auto-paracrine regulator of myogenesis, which influences the proliferation, differentiation, and functions of muscle cells. TGF-β1 exerts highly significant inhibitory effect on differentiation of C2C12 mouse myoblasts manifested by the impairment of cell fusion and very low expression of myosin heavy chain. The study of differentiating C2C12 mouse myoblasts treated with TGF-β1 revealed 502 genes (436 down-regulated and 66 up-regulated) with statistically different expression. TGF-β1-regulated genes were identified to be involved in 29 biological processes, 29 molecular functions groups and 59 pathways. The strongest inhibiting effect of TGF-β1 was observed in the cadherin and Wnt pathways. The key-genes that could play the role of TGF-β1 targets during myoblasts differentiation was identified such as: Max, Creb1, Ccna2, Bax, MdfI, Tef, Tubg1, Cxcl5, Rho, Calca and Lgals4.
Establishment of Prognostic Models for Astrocytic and Oligodendroglial Brain Tumors with Standardized Quantification of Marker Gene Expression and Clinical Variables
Authors: Zhou Yi-Hong , Hess Kenneth R. , Raj Vinay R. , Yu Liping , Liu Longjian , Yung Alfred W.K. , Linskey Mark E. 
Published: December 2010

Background Prognosis models established using multiple molecular markers in cancer along with clinical variables should enable prediction of natural disease progression and residual risk faced by patients. In this study, multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses were done based on overall survival (OS) of 100 glioblastoma multiformes (GBMs, 92 events), 49 anaplastic astrocytomas (AAs, 33 events), 45 gliomas with oligodendroglial features, including anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO, 13 events) and oligodendraglioma (O, 9 events). The modeling included two clinical variables (patient age and recurrence at the time of sample collection) and the expression variables of 13 genes selected based on their proven biological and/or prognosis functions in gliomas ( ABCG2, BMI1, MELK, MSI1, PROM1, CDK4, EGFR, MMP2, VEGFA, PAX6, PTEN, RPS9, and IGFBP2). Gene expression data was a log-transformed ratio of marker and reference ( ACTB) mRNA levels quantified using absolute real-time qRT-PCR. Results Age is positively associated with overall grade (4 for GBM, 3 for AA, 2_1 for AO_O), but lacks significant prognostic value in each grade. Recurrence is an unfavorable prognostic factor for AA, but lacks significant prognostic values for GBM and AO_O. Univariate models revealed opposing prognostic effects of ABCG2, MELK, BMI1, PROM1, IGFBP2, PAX6, RPS9, and MSI1 expressions for astrocytic (GBM and AA) and oligodendroglial tumors (AO_O). Multivariate models revealed independent prognostic values for the expressions of MSI1 (unfavorable) in GBM, CDK4 (unfavorable) and MMP2 (favorable) in AA, while IGFBP2 and MELK (unfavorable) in AO_O. With all 13 genes and 2 clinical variables, the model R 2 was 14.2% ( P= 0.358) for GBM, 45.2% ( P= 0.029) for AA, and 62.2% ( P= 0.008) for AO_O. Conclusion The study signifies the challenge in establishing a significant prognosis model for GBM. Our success in establishing prognosis models for AA and AO_O was largely based on identification of a set of genes with independent prognostic values and application of standardized gene expression quantification to allow formation of a large cohort in analysis.
Predictors of Discharge to Home after Thrombolytic Treatment in Right Hemisphere Infarct Patients
Authors: Ruuskanen E-I. , Laihosalo M. , Kettunen Je. , Losoi H. , Nurmi L. , Koivisto A-M. , Dastidar P. , Ollikainen J. , Jehkonen M. 
Published: December 2010

BackgroundThe aim of the study was to assess the association between thrombolysis and length of hospital stay after right hemisphere (RH) infarct, and to identify which cognitive functions were predictive of discharge.MethodsThe study group consisted of 75 acute RH patients. Thirty-three patients had thrombolysis. Neuropsychologicalexaminations were performed within 11 days of stroke onset. The cognitive predictors were visual neglect, visual memory, visual search and reasoning and visuoconstructive abilities. The outcome variable was time from stroke to discharge to home.ResultsThrombolysis emerged as a statistically significant predictor of discharge time in patients with moderate/severe stroke (NIHSS ≥5). In the total series of patients and in patients with mild stroke (NIHSS <5), thrombolysiswas not significantly associated with discharge time. Milder visuoconstructive defects shortened the hospital stay of the whole patient group and of patients with moderate/severe stroke. In all patient groups, independence in activitiesof daily living (ADL) was a significant single predictor of a shorter hospital stay. The best combination of predictors for discharge was independence in ADL in the total series of patients and in patients with mild stroke, and thrombolysis and independence in ADL in patients with moderate/severe stroke.ConclusionsThrombolytic treatment was a significant predictor of earlier discharge to home in patients with moderate/severe RH infarct, while cognitive functions had less predictive power.
Male Breast Carcinoma Metastatic to the Choroid: Report of 3 Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Hood Christopher T. , Budd G. Thomas , Zakov Z. Nicholas , Singh Arun D. 
Published: December 2010

Purpose TO describe breast cancer as a source of choroidal metastasis in men and highlight the diagnostic and treatment modalities. Methods Retrospective, noncomparative case series of male patients with breast cancer metastatic to the choroid. A literature review of the previously reported cases was also conducted. Results Three cases of breast cancer metastatic to the choroid in male patients from one institution are described. All 3 patients eventually underwent treatment with radiotherapy. Conclusions Breast cancer is a rare cause of choroidal metastases in men. Radiotherapy is effective as a palliative treatment for choroidal metastases.
Combined Endurance and Resistance Exercise Mitigates Age‐Associated Cardiac Dysfunction
Authors: Han Xiaowei , Ashraf Muhammad , Shi Hong , Nkembo Augustine T. , Tipparaju Srinivas M. , Xuan Wanling 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAging is associated with a decline in cardiac function. Exercise has been shown to effectively reduce the risks of cardiovascular diseases. Here whether a combination of endurance and resistance exercises can improve cardiac function in aged mice during late life is investigated. Through transcriptome analysis, several signaling pathways activated in the hearts of 22‐month‐old mice after combined exercise, including cardiac muscle contraction, mitophagy, and longevity regulation are identified. Combined exercise training mitigated age‐associated pathological cardiac hypertrophy, reduced oxidative stress, cardiac senescence, and enhanced cardiac function. Upstream stimulatory factor 2 (Usf2) is upregulated in the aged mouse hearts with combined exercise compared to sedentary mice. In the human cardiomyocytes senescent model, overexpression of Usf2 led to anti‐senescence effects, while knockdown of Usf2 exacerbated cellular senescence. The results suggest that a combination of endurance and resistance exercises, such as swimming and resistance running, can mitigate age‐related pathological cardiac remodeling and cardiac dysfunction in late life. These cardioprotective effects are likely due to the activation of Usf2 and its anti‐senescence effect. Therefore, Usf2 can potentially be a novel therapeutic target for mitigating age‐related cardiac dysfunction.
Fluorescence‐Guided Spatial Drug Screening in 3D Colorectal Cancer Spheroids
Authors: Yau Jia Ning Nicolette , Yempala Thirumal , Muthuramalingam Ram Pravin Kumar , Giustarini Giulio , Teng Germaine , Ang Wee Han , Gibson Dan , Adriani Giulia , Pastorin Giorgia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe limited recapitulation of critical cancer features in 2D cultures causes poor translatability of preclinical results from in vitro assays to in vivo tumor models. This contributes to slow drug development with a low success rate. 3D cultures better recapitulate the tumor microenvironment, enabling more accurate predictions when screening drug candidates and improving the development of chemotherapeutics. Platinum (Pt) (IV) compounds are promising prodrugs designed to reduce the severe systemic toxicity of widely used Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved Pt(II) drugs such as cisplatin. Here, this work presents spatiotemporal evaluations in 3D colorectal cancer (CRC) spheroids of mitochondria‐targeting Pt(IV) complexes. CRC spheroids provide a greater pathophysiological recapitulation of in vivo tumors than 2D cultures by a marked upregulation of the ABCG2 chemoresistance marker expression. Furthermore, new 3D‐staining protocols are introduced to evaluate the real‐time decrease in mitochondria membrane potential (ΔΨ) in CRC spheroids, and a Pt‐sensing dye to quantify the Pt mitochondrial accumulation. Finally, this work demonstrates a correlation between in vitro results and the efficacy of the compounds in vivo. Overall, the CRC spheroids represent a fast and cost‐effective model to assess the behavior of Pt compounds in vitro and predict their translational potential in CRC treatment.
Toward Ideal Low‐Frequency Noise in Monolayer CVD MoS2 FETs: Influence of van der Waals Junctions and Sulfur Vacancy Management
Authors: Shin Wonjun , Byeon Junsung , Koo Ryun‐Han , Lim Jungmoon , Kang Jung Hyeon , Jang A‐Rang , Lee Jong‐Ho , Kim Jae‐Joon , Cha SeungNam , Pak Sangyeon , Lee Sung‐Tae 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe pursuit of sub‐1‐nm field‐effect transistor (FET) channels within 3D semiconducting crystals faces challenges due to diminished gate electrostatics and increased charge carrier scattering. 2D semiconductors, exemplified by transition metal dichalcogenides, provide a promising alternative. However, the non‐idealities, such as excess low‐frequency noise (LFN) in 2D FETs, present substantial hurdles to their realization and commercialization. In this study, ideal LFN characteristics in monolayer MoS2 FETs are attained by engineering the metal‐2D semiconductor contact and the subgap density of states (DOS). By probing non‐ideal contact resistance effects using CuS and Au electrodes, it is uncovered that excess contact noise in the high drain current (ID) region can be substantially reduced by forming a van der Waals junction with CuS electrodes. Furthermore, thermal annealing effectively mitigates sulfur vacancy‐induced subgap density of states (DOS), diminishing excess noise in the low ID region. Through meticulous optimization of metal‐2D semiconductor contacts and subgap DOS, alignment of 1/f noise with the pure carrier number fluctuation model is achieved, ultimately achieving the sought‐after ideal LFN behavior in monolayer MoS2 FETs. This study underscores the necessity of refining excess noise, heralding improved performance and reliability of 2D electronic devices.
Pre‐Doping of Dual‐Functional Sodium to Weaken Fe─S Bond and Stabilize Interfacial Chemistry for High‐Rate Reversible Sodium Storage
Authors: Wu Naiteng , Zhao Zibo , Hua Ran , Wang Xiting , Zhang Yiming , Li Jin , Liu Guilong , Guo Donglei , Sun Guang , Liu Xianming , Zhang Jiangwei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFerrous sulfides with the high theoretic capacity are the promising anode for sodium ion batteries. However, capacity fading and inferior rate capability still hinder their practical application. In this work, Na‐doped Fe7S8 microrods with cationic vacancies and weakened Fe─S bond are constructed through a facile and scalable sulfurized route. The experimental results combined with theoretical analysis thoroughly reveal the generation of Fe vacancies and weakened Fe─S bond strength induced by sodium doping, which modulates the energy band structure of Na‐doped Fe7S8, provides more active sites, and accelerates the sodiation/desodiation reaction kinetics, simultaneously. Moreover, the pre‐doping sodium delivers a strong guiding effect on the formation of thin and stable solid electrolyte interface films. As the result, the optimal sample exhibits the excellent sodium storage performance, including the high and stable reversible capacity (674 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.5 A g−1 and 503 mAh g−1 after 1500 cycles at 10 A g−1), superior rate capability, and increased initial coulombic efficiency. Furthermore, the full cell paired with commercial Na3V2(PO4)3 also displays the outstanding cyclic stability with 95.9% capacity retention at 0.5 A g−1 after 100 cycles.
First noncontact millimeter‐wave radar measurement of heart rate in great apes: Validation in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: Matsumoto Takuya , Iwata Itsuki , Sakamoto Takuya , Hirata Satoshi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHeart rate is a crucial vital sign and a valuable indicator for assessing the physical and psychological condition of a target animal. Heart rate contributes to (1) fundamental information for cognitive research, (2) an indicator of psychological and physical stress, and (3) improving the animal welfare of captive animals, especially in nonhuman primate studies. Heart rate has been measured using a contact‐type device; however, the device burdens the target animals and that there are risks associated with anesthesia during installation. This study explores the application of heartbeat measurement techniques using millimeter‐wave radar, primarily developed for humans, as a remote and noninvasive method for measuring the heart rate of nonhuman primates. Through a measurement test conducted on two chimpanzees, we observed a remarkable correspondence between the peak frequency spectrum of heart rate estimated using millimeter‐wave radar and the mean value obtained from electrocardiograph data, thereby validating the accuracy of the method. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the precise measurement of great apes' heart rate using millimeter‐wave radar technology. Compared to heart rate measurement using video analysis, the method using millimeter‐wave radar has the advantage that it is less susceptible to weather and lighting conditions and that measurement techniques for multiple individuals have been developed for human subjects, while its disadvantage is that validation of measurement from long distances has not been completed. Another disadvantage common to both methods is that measurement becomes difficult when the movement of the target individual is large. The possibility of noncontact measurement of heart rate in wild and captive primates will undoubtedly open up a new research area while taking animal welfare into consideration.
Gold(III) Auracycles Featuring C(sp3)‐Au‐C(sp2) Bonds: Synthesis and Mechanistic Insights into the Cycloauration Step
Authors: González Jorge A. , Arribas Andrés , Tian Puyang , Díaz‐Alonso Sergio , Mascareñas José Luis , López Fernando , Nevado Cristina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe direct auration of arenes is a key step in numerous gold‐catalyzed reactions. Although reported more than 100 years ago, understanding of its underlying mechanism has been hampered by the difficulties in the isolation of relevant intermediates given the propensity of gold(III) species to undergo reductive elimination. Here, we report the synthesis and isolation of a new family of intriguing zwitterionic [C(sp3)^C(sp2)]‐auracyclopentanes, as well as of their alkyl‐gold(III) precursors and demonstrate their value as mechanistic probes to study the C(sp2)‐Au bond‐forming event. Experimental investigations employing Kinetic Isotope Effects (KIE), Hammett plot, and Eyring analysis provided important insights into the formation of the auracycle. The data suggest a SEAr mechanism wherein the slowest step might be the π‐coordination between the arene and the gold(III) center, en route to the Wheland intermediate. We also show that these auracyclopentanes can work as catalysts in several gold‐promoted transformations.
Covalent Organic Framework with Donor1‐Acceptor‐Donor2 Motifs Regulating Local Charge of Intercalated Single Cobalt Sites for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Syngas
Authors: Lan Xingwang , Li Hangshuai , Liu Yuemeng , Zhang Yize , Zhang Tianjun , Chen Yong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCovalent organic framework (COF) has attracted increasing interest in photocatalytic CO2 reduction, but it remains a challenge to achieve high conversion efficiency owing to the insufficient active site and fast charge recombination. Rationally optimizing the electronic structures of COF to regulate the local charge of active sites precisely is the key point to improving catalytic performance. Herein, intercalated single Co sites coordinated by imine‐N motifs have been designed by using trinuclear copper‐based imine‐COFs with distinct electronic moieties via a molecular engineering strategy. It is confirmed that the charge delivery property and local charge distribution of these heterometallic frameworks can be profoundly influenced by electronic structures. Among these featured structures with mixed‐state copper clusters, Co/Cu3‐TPA‐COF stands out for an exceptional photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity and tunable syngas (CO/H2) ratio by changing various bipyridines. Experimental and theoretical results indicate that interlayer Co‐imine N motifs on the donor1‐acceptor‐donor2 structures facilitate the formation of a highly separated electron‐hole state, which effectively induces the oriented electron transfer from dual electron donors to Co centers, achieving an enhanced CO2 activation and reduction. This work opens up an avenue for the design of high‐performance COF‐based catalysts for photocatalytic CO2 reduction.
Recent Advances on Pristine MOF‐Based Electrodes for PIBs: Characteristics, Potassium Storage Mechanisms, and Optimization Strategies
Authors: Li Chao , Yan Hong , Yang Hanlu , Yue Min , Li Shujun , Wang Kuaibing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBenefiting from the natural attributes of exceptional chemical stability, versatility, porous structure, and tunable pore sizes, pristine metal‐organic frameworks, MOFs, have gained widespread recognition as advanced anodes and cathodes for potassium‐ion batteries, PIBs, showcasing several promising features in electrochemical energy storage devices. Here, a comprehensive review highlights recent advancements in pristine MOF‐based electrodes for PIBs, focusing on the detailed characteristics, redox reaction monachism, and effective strategies to improve electrochemical energy performance, which provides guidance for further developments in electrode design and optimization strategies aimed at achieving prolonged cyclability and capacity retention.