bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of purpose in life in healthy identity formation: A grounded model
Authors: Bronk Kendall Cotton 
Published: January 2012

AbstractResearchers contend that committing to an inspiring purpose in life is an important component of healthy identity development for adolescents; however, little research has focused on how identity and purpose develop together. Therefore, the study followed a sample of eight adolescent purpose exemplars for five years in order to develop a grounded model of the way these two constructs interact. Findings suggest that for adolescent purpose exemplars, the processes of identity formation and purpose development reinforce one another; the development of purpose supports the development of identity, and the development of identity reinforces purposeful commitments. Furthermore, in the adolescent purpose exemplars' lives, the purpose and identity constructs largely overlap in such a way that what individuals hope to accomplish in their lives serves as the basis of the adults they hope to become. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Purpose plus: Supporting youth purpose, control, and academic achievement
Authors: Pizzolato Jane Elizabeth , Brown Elizabeth Levine , Kanny Mary Allison 
Published: January 2012

AbstractResearch in the past decade suggests that a persistent achievement gap between students from low‐income minority backgrounds and higher‐income white backgrounds may be rooted in theories of student motivation and youth purpose. Yet limited research exists regarding the role of purpose on positive youth development as it pertains to academic achievement. Using a sample of 209 high school students, this study examines the effectiveness of an intervention designed to promote purpose development and internal control over academic success in high school students from a low‐socioeconomic‐status community. Findings reveal that a short‐term intervention was effective in significantly increasing internal control over academic success and purpose in life for students participating in the intervention group. In addition, analysis of academic achievement for students who experienced positive gains in internal control and purpose demonstrates significant gains in academic achievement as measured by grade point average. Implications are made for further study of internal control and life purpose as a means of academic intervention in the effort to address the achievement gap.
Contributions of Jayme Luiz Szwarcfiter to graph theory and computer science
Authors: Lucchesi Cláudio Leonardo 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
This is an account of Jayme’s contributions to graph theory and computer science. Due to restrictions in length, it is not possible to provide an in-depth coverage of every aspect of Jayme’s extensive scientific activities. Thus, I describe in detail only some of his principal contributions, touch upon some, and merely list the other articles.
I found it easier to write the article in the first person, as though it is an account of a previously given lecture.
A note on Kasparov products
Authors: Grensing Martin 
Published: January 2012

AbstractCombining Kasparov's generalization of a theorem of Voiculescu and Cuntz's description of KK-theory in terms of quasihomomorphisms (sections one and two), we give a simple construction of the Kasparov product (section three). This construction will be generalized in [Gre] to give a version of the product for so-called locally convex Kasparov modules over locally convex algebras in order to treat products of certain universal cycles.
Family- and school-based correlates of energy balance-related behaviours in 10–12-year-old children: a systematic review within the ENERGY (EuropeaN Energy balance Research to prevent excessive weight Gain among Youth) project
Authors: Verloigne Maïté , Van Lippevelde Wendy , Maes Lea , Brug Johannes , De Bourdeaudhuij Ilse 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo identify family- and school-based correlates of specific energy balance-related behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour, breakfast consumption, soft drink consumption) among 10–12-year-olds, using the EnRG framework (Environmental Research framework for weight Gain prevention).DesignA literature review to identify observational studies exploring at least one family- or school-based correlate of the specific behaviours, resulting in seventy-six articles.SettingEighteen studies were conducted in Europe, forty-one studies in North America and seventeen studies in Australasia.SubjectsHealthy children aged 10–12 years.ResultsParental and maternal physical activity, doing physical activities with parents and parental logistic support were identified as the most important, positive correlates of physical activity. Parental rules was the most important correlate of sedentary behaviour and was inversely related to it. School socio-economic status was positively related to physical activity and inversely related to sedentary behaviour. The available studies suggested a positive relationship between soft drink availability at home and consumption. Soft drink availability and consumption at school were the most important school-based correlates of soft drink consumption. A permissive parenting style was related to more soft drink consumption and less breakfast consumption.ConclusionsAn important role has been awarded to parents, suggesting parents should be involved in obesity prevention programmes. Despite the opportunities a school can offer, little research has been done to identify school-environmental correlates of energy balance-related behaviours in this age group. Obesity prevention programmes can focus on the most important correlates to maximize the effectiveness of the programme. Future research should aim at longitudinal studies.
Dietary adequacy and dietary quality of Inuit in the Canadian Arctic who smoke and the potential implications for chronic disease
Authors: Rittmueller Stacey E , Roache Cindy , Sharma Sangita 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo compare dietary intake and quality among adult Inuit by smoking status.DesignA cross-sectional study using data from a validated quantitative FFQ.SettingThree isolated communities in Nunavut, Canada.SubjectsAdult Inuit (n208), aged between 19 and 79 years, from randomly selected households.ResultsAverage energy intake did not differ between male smokers (n22) and non-smokers (n14; 16 235 kJ and 13 503 kJ;P= 0·18), but was higher among female smokers (n126) compared with non-smokers (n46; 12 704 kJ and 8552 kJ;P< 0·0001). Average daily nutrient intakes were similar among men and higher among female smokers compared with non-smokers for all nutrients (P≤ 0·05) exceptn-3 fatty acids, vitamin A, vitamin D and Se. Female smokers had lower intake densities of thiamin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, Mg, Na (P≤ 0·05), protein,n-3 fatty acids, cholesterol, Fe (P≤ 0·01), vitamin B12and Se (P≤ 0·001). Between 20 % and 50 % of male and female smokers were below the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for Ca, folate, Mg and vitamins A and K, and more than 50 % were below the DRI for fibre and vitamin E. The proportion of smokers below the DRI was lower for all nutrients, except fibre and folate among men. Among smokers, non-nutrient-dense foods and traditional foods contributed less to energy (−2·1 % and −2·0 %, respectively).ConclusionsAdult smokers consumed fewer nutrient-dense, traditional foods, but had increased energy intake, which likely contributed to fewer dietary inadequacies compared with non-smokers. Promoting traditional food consumption supplemented with market-bought fruits and vegetables is important to improve dietary quality, especially among smokers.
What's in a hump? Re-examining the hunchback in the Villa-Albani-Torlonia
Authors: Trentin Lisa 
Published: January 2012

The private collection of the Villa Albani-Torlonia in Rome holds the only surviving large-scale sculpture of a hunchback [fig. i]. Although this hunchback has been intensely studied, it remains enigmatic. The hunchback is generally agreed to be Roman and dated to the second century CE on the basis of its portrait head, particularly in the drilling technique of its hairstyle, though the realism of its misshapen and ugly body is in the direct tradition of works of the third century BCE.Whether this hunchback is an original of its time or a copy of a now lost Greek work is still contentious. Since its discovery in the Baths of Caracalla, the figure has been identified as the famous Greek fabulist Aesop, who, according to literary tradition, may have been a hunchback. Although several scholars have suggested new possibilities for the identity of this hunchback, including the proposition that it is a Roman original representing a jester of the imperial court, its association with Aesop has remained. But is its identity necessarily key to understanding its significance? This article intends to move away from the identification of this figure to consider the hunchback primarily as a type, rather than a person, and shifts the emphasis to its context within a bathhouse.
Using biologically interrelated experiments to identify pathway genes inArabidopsis
Authors: Kim Kyungpil , Jiang Keni , Teng Siew Leng , Feldman Lewis J. , Huang Haiyan 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMotivation: Pathway genes are considered as a group of genes that work cooperatively in the same pathway constituting a fundamental functional grouping in a biological process. Identifying pathway genes has been one of the major tasks in understanding biological processes. However, due to the difficulty in characterizing/inferring different types of biological gene relationships, as well as several computational issues arising from dealing with high-dimensional biological data, deducing genes in pathways remain challenging.Results: In this work, we elucidate higher level gene–gene interactions by evaluating the conditional dependencies between genes, i.e. the relationships between genes after removing the influences of a set of previously known pathway genes. These previously known pathway genes serve as seed genes in our model and will guide the detection of other genes involved in the same pathway. The detailed statistical techniques involve the estimation of a precision matrix whose elements are known to be proportional to partial correlations (i.e. conditional dependencies) between genes under appropriate normality assumptions. Likelihood ratio tests on two forms of precision matrices are further performed to see if a candidate pathway gene is conditionally independent of all the previously known pathway genes. When used effectively, this is a promising approach to recover gene relationships that would have otherwise been missed by standard methods. The advantage of the proposed method is demonstrated using both simulation studies and real datasets. We also demonstrated the importance of taking into account experimental dependencies in the simulation and real data studies.Contact: hhuang@stat.berkeley.edu; ljfeldman@berkeley.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
What is active acromegaly and which parameters do we have?
Authors: Neggers S. J. C. M. M. , Biermasz N. R. , van der Lely A. J. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryDisease activity of acromegaly can be measured in many ways. Growth hormone (GH) and insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF1) concentrations are the main biochemical markers used to measure the response to treatment. Both GH and IGF1 have been associated with prognosis, in particular mortality. In this review, we discuss the available parameters to assess disease activity in acromegaly.
Low persistence of a monocarpic invasive plant in historical sites biases our perception of its actual distribution
Authors: Pergl Jan , Pyšek Petr , Perglová Irena , Jarošík Vojtěch 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAim As accurate and up‐to‐date distribution data for plant species are rarely available, cumulative records over long periods of time are frequently used for mapping distributions, without taking into account that species do not persist in their historical localities forever. However, persistence is highly relevant in changing modern landscapes, especially for invasive species that dynamically spread in unstable human‐made habitats. We studied how an invasive species,Heracleum mantegazzianum, persists at sites once colonized and how its ability to persist affects its distribution.Location The Czech Republic.Methods We visited 521 localities ofH. mantegazzianumoccurrence reported in the literature and herbaria to determine whether the species still occurs at these sites. By usingG‐tests and classification trees, we explored the roles of various factors affecting its persistence at a site.Results Of the total number of 521 historical sites at which the species has occurred since the end of the 19th century, it persists at only 124 (23.8%). The persistence rate differs with respect to habitat type and is highest in meadows and forest margins. Analysis using classification trees indicated that the factors that best explain persistence are: type of habitat (with meadow and forest margins over‐represented); urbanity (with a higher persistence outside urban areas); proximity to the place of the species’ introduction into the country; metapopulation connectivity; and distance to the nearest neighbouring population.Main conclusions The use of cumulative historical records as a measure of species distribution, which is common in invasion literature, can seriously overestimate the actual distribution of alien plant species with low persistence. In the case of alien species such asH. mantegazzanium, which is non‐clonal and reproduces only by seed, estimates of distribution and spread based on historical data are informative about potentially suitable habitat but may be unreliable as indicators of current occurrence and invasion dynamics.
Limitations on orchid recruitment: not a simple picture
Authors: McCORMICK MELISSA K. , LEE TAYLOR D. , JUHASZOVA KATARINA , BURNETT ROBERT K. , WHIGHAM DENNIS F. , O’NEILL JOHN P. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMycorrhizal fungi have substantial potential to influence plant distribution, especially in specialized orchids and mycoheterotrophic plants. However, little is known about environmental factors that influence the distribution of mycorrhizal fungi. Previous studies using seed packets have been unable to distinguish whether germination patterns resulted from the distribution of appropriate edaphic conditions or the distribution of host fungi, as these cannot be separated using seed packets alone. We used a combination of organic amendments, seed packets and molecular assessment of soil fungi required by three terrestrial orchid species to separate direct and indirect effects of fungi and environmental conditions on both seed germination and subsequent protocorm development. We found that locations with abundant mycorrhizal fungi were most likely to support seed germination and greater growth for all three orchids. Organic amendments affected germination primarily by affecting the abundance of appropriate mycorrhizal fungi. However, fungi associated with the three orchid species were affected differently by the organic amendments and by forest successional stage. The results of this study help contextualize the importance of fungal distribution and abundance to the population dynamics of plants with specific mycorrhizal requirements. Such phenomena may also be important for plants with more general mycorrhizal associations.
Optimization of insulin therapy in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: beyond basal insulin
Authors: Blak B. T. , Smith H. T. , Hards M. , Curtis B. H. , Ivanyi T. 
Published: January 2012

Diabet. Med. 29, e13–e20 (2012)AbstractAims  To describe patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with basal insulin, with or without oral antidiabetics in UK primary care, and evaluate insulin treatment patterns and factors explaining changes in therapy.Methods  Retrospective analysis of patients with Type 2 diabetes within The Health Improvement Network UK primary care database. Patients receiving basal insulin between January and June 2006 were followed until July 2009.Results  Analysis included 3185 patients, mean age 65.6 years [standard deviation (SD) 12.4], 50.9% men, median diabetes duration 9.6 years, median basal insulin use 1.3 years, 86.5% had received oral antidiabetics in the previous 12 months. Mean follow‐up was 2.9 years (SD 1.0), 59.8% patients maintained basal insulin throughout follow‐up with a mean HbA1C of 69 mmol/mol (SD 19; 8.4%, SD 1.7) at baseline and 65 mmol/mol (SD 17; 8.1%, SD 1.6) during follow‐up. During follow‐up, 6.9% of patients discontinued, 19.3% intensified with and 14.1% switched to prandial or premixed insulin. Patients who intensified (prandial) had a mean HbA1c of 77 mmol/mol (SD 18; 9.2%, SD 1.6) before change and a mean HbA1c of 71 mmol/mol (SD 21; 8.6%, SD 2.0) at the end of the study. Those switching to premixed insulin had a mean HbA1c of 80 mmol/mol (SD 18; 9.5%, SD 1.7) before change and a mean HbA1c of 69 mmol/mol (SD 17; 8.5%, SD 1.5) at the end of the study. Increasing HbA1c and longer diabetes duration explained intensification and switch.Conclusions  The majority of patients had HbA1c above the 53 mmol/mol (< 7%) target at baseline and post‐intensification/switch. The HbA1c levels were reduced by intensification/switch suggesting that insulin changes did have some impact. Most patients did not change insulin treatment despite having higher than recommended HbA1c levels. Reasons for not changing treatment in face of unsatisfactory clinical outcomes are unclear. Further research is warranted to explore barriers towards therapy change.
Temporal changes in the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes by diabetic ketoacidosis in Brazil: A nationwide survey
Authors: Negrato C. A. , Cobas R. A. , Gomes M. B. ,   on behalf of the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group (BrazDiab1SG)
Published: January 2012

Diabet. Med. 29, 1142–1147 (2012)AbstractAims  To examine the temporal trends in the frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis at onset compared to other modalities of diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes in Brazil.Methods  This was a retrospective, cross‐sectional and multicenter study conducted between December 2008 and December 2010 in 28 public clinics at secondary and tertiary levels of care, located in 20 cities in four geographic regions of Brazil. Each clinic provided data extracted from at least 50 outpatients with Type 1 diabetes diagnosed between 1960 and 2010, using standardized chart review forms. Data were obtained from 3591 patients (56.0% females, 57.1% Caucasians). Median values (range) for age, age at diagnosis and duration of diabetes were, respectively, 19 years (1–66 years), 10 years (< 1–44 years) and 7 years (< 1–50 years). Logistic regression was performed with diabetic ketoacidosis (Yes/No) as the dependent variable and other clinical features as independent variables.Results  Type 1 diabetes diagnosis was made by diabetic ketoacidosis in 1,520 (42.3%), by fasting plasma glucose in 1413 (39.4%), by random blood glucose in 516 (14.4%), by oral glucose tolerance test in 66 (1.8%) and by other methods in 76 (2.1%) cases, respectively. Diagnosis made before the year 2000 had a greater odds to occur by diabetic ketoacidosis (Odds ratio 1.26, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.09–1.48). Since then, a decrease has occurred. Economic status, geographic region and age were significantly related to diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis.Conclusions Although high prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes in Brazil is observed, recently, more patients have been diagnosed by other methods.
Comparison of renal resistive index among patients with Type 2 diabetes with different levels of creatinine clearance and urinary albumin excretion
Authors: Afsar B. , Elsurer R. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractDiabet. Med. 29, 1043–1046 (2012)Aim  To evaluate the prevalence of increased renal resistive index and related factors among patients with Type 2 diabetes with different levels of creatinine clearance and urinary albumin excretion.Methods  Laboratory analyses, including calculation of 24‐h urinary albumin excretion and 24‐h creatinine clearance, and renal doppler ultrasonography to measure renal resistive index, were carried out for patients newly diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.Results  Participants were classified into four groups according to 24‐h creatinine clearance and 24‐h urinary albumin excretion levels. Group 1 was composed of 73 patients (54.1%) with normal 24‐h creatinine clearance and 24‐h urinary albumin excretion. Group 2 was composed of 34 (25.2%) patients with normal 24‐h creatinine clearance and increased 24‐h urinary albumin excretion. Group 3 was composed of 14 (10.4%) patients with decreased 24‐h creatinine clearance and normal 24‐h urinary albumin excretion. Group 4 was composed of 14 (10.4%) patients with both decreased 24‐h creatinine clearance and increased 24‐h urinary albumin excretion . In total, 41 patients (30.4%) had increased renal resistive index levels. Comparison of the four groups with respect to increased renal resistive index revealed: among group 1 patients, 10 (13.7%) had increased renal resistive index levels; among group 2 patients, 14 (41.2%) had increased renal resistive index levels; among group 3 patients, eight (57.1%) had increased renal resistive index levels; among group 4 patients, nine (64.3%) had increased renal resistive index levels (P < 0.0001 for trend). In multivariate regression, 24‐h creatinine clearance (P < 0.0001), but not 24‐h urinary albumin excretion, was related to increased renal resistive index levels.Conclusion  Renal resistive index levels were highest in patients with Type 2 diabetes with both decreased 24‐h creatinine clearance and increased 24‐h urinary albumin excretion, whereas they were lowest in patients with normal creatinine clearance and normal urinary albumin excretion.
Pancreatic exocrine function in patients with diabetes
Authors: Larger E. , Philippe M. F. , Barbot‐Trystram L. , Radu A. , Rotariu M. , Nobécourt E. , Boitard C. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractDiabet. Med. 29, 1047–1054 (2012)Background  Decreased function of the exocrine pancreas is frequent in patients with diabetes. Our aim was to investigate clinical correlates of pancreatic exocrine failure in patients with diabetes.Patients and methods  We investigated exocrine function by assaying both elastase‐1 concentration and chymotrypsin activity in 667 patients. We conducted separate analysis on patients with Type 1 diabetes and patients with Type 2 diabetes. Patients were separated into three groups according to whether both elastase‐1 concentration and chymotrypsin activity were normal, or one or both were altered.Results  A total of 667 consecutive patients were analysed, including 195 with Type 1 and 472 with Type 2 diabetes. Elastase‐1 concentration was < 200 μg/g in 23% of the patients. Chymotrypsin activity was < 6 U/g in 26% of the patients. In 66% of the patients elastase‐1 concentration was > 200 μg/g and chymotrypsin activity > 6U/g. One test was below threshold in 19%, both in 15%. In patients with Type 1 diabetes, the three groups defined by results of elastase‐1 concentration and chymotrypsin activity differed with regard to duration of diabetes and prevalence of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies, but not BMI or HbA1c, or prevalence of retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy or vascular disease. In patients with Type 2 diabetes, the three groups differed with regard to BMI, use of insulin and vascular disease, but not known duration.Conclusion  Factors associated with pancreatic exocrine failure differ in patients with Type 1 diabetes compared with patients with type 2 diabetes. In patients with Type 2 diabetes, association of decreased pancreatic exocrine function with BMI and vascular disease suggests a role of pancreatic arteriopathy.