bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growing skull fracture stages and treatment strategy
Authors: Liu Xue-song , You Chao , Lu Ma , Liu Jia-gang 
Published: June 2012

Object
A growing skull fracture (GSF) is a rare but significant late complication of skull fractures, usually occurring during infancy and early childhood. Delayed diagnosis and improper treatment could exacerbate this disease. The aim of this study was to introduce a new hypothesis about, describe the stages of, and discuss the treatment strategy for GSF.

Methods
The authors performed a retrospective review of 27 patients with GSF, who were grouped according to 3 different GSF stages.

Results
Over a period of 20 years, 27 patients with GSF (16 males and 11 females) were treated in the authors' department. The mean follow-up period was 26.5 months. Six patients were in the prephase of GSF (Stage 1), 10 patients in the early phase (Stage 2), and 11 in the late phase (Stage 3). All patients underwent duraplasty. All 6 patients at Stage 1 and 5 patients at Stage 2 underwent craniotomy without cranioplasty. Five patients at Stage 2 and all of the patients at Stage 3 underwent cranioplasty with autologous bone and alloplastic materials, respectively. Among all patients, 5 underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement.
Symptoms in all patients at Stages 1 and 2 were alleviated or disappeared, and the cranial bones developed without deformity during follow-up. Among patients with Stage 3 GSF, no obvious improvement in neurological deficits was observed. Three patients underwent additional operations because of cranial deformation or infection.

Conclusions
The authors identify the stages of GSF according to a new hypothesis. They conclude that accurately diagnosing and treating GSF during Stages 1 and 2 leads to a better prognosis.
Repair of middle fossa cerebrospinal fluid leaks using a novel combination of materials: technical note
Authors: Shorter Cedric D. , Connor David E. , Thakur Jai Deep , Gardner Gale , Nanda Anil , Guthikonda Bharat 
Published: June 2012

Object
Methods for repairing middle fossa CSF (MFCSF) leaks have varied and yielded mixed results. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and durability of the authors' repair technique using a novel combination of 3 synthetic materials.

Methods
The authors performed a retrospective case review of patients treated for CSF leaks between January 2009 and September 2011. Eight patients were found to have undergone middle fossa craniotomies for CSF leaks. Inclusion criteria for the study included age greater than 18 years, neuroimaging-documented temporal bone defect, and symptoms consistent with CSF leaks or gross CSF otorrhea. Seven patients, 3 men and 4 women, met the inclusion criteria, and their charts were reviewed. Hydroxyapatite cement, collagen-based dural substitute matrix, and polyethylene glycol hydrogel sealant were used in all patients for the repair.

Results
In all patients the MFCSF leaks were successfully repaired. Initial presenting symptoms included CSF otorrhea in 4 patients (57.1%), hearing loss in 3 (42.9%), and CSF rhinorrhea in 1 (14.3%). The mean follow-up duration was 12 months (range 5–33 months). In 1 patient an epidural hematoma developed at the operative site on postoperative Day 2, and in another patient a superficial wound dehiscence occurred on postoperative Day 48. During the follow-up period, the authors found no evidence of wound infections, neurovascular damage, or CSF leakage requiring reoperation.

Conclusions
The middle fossa approach involving a combination of hydroxyapatite cement, collagen-based dural substitute matrix, and polyethylene glycol hydrogel sealant is a safe, effective method for repairing MFCSF leaks. The combination of synthetic materials provides an alternative to existing materials for skull base surgeons.
Extent of tumor removal and molecular markers in cerebral glioblastoma: a combined prognostic factors study in a surgical series of 105 patients
Authors: Salvati Maurizio , Pichierri Angelo , Piccirilli Manolo , Floriana Brunetto Giacoma Maria , D'Elia Alessandro , Artizzu Spartaco , Santoro Francesca , Arcella Antonietta , Giangaspero Felice , Frati Alessandro , Simione Luca , Santoro Antonio 
Published: June 2012

Object
In this paper, the authors' goal was to evaluate the prognostic value of YKL-40 expression as a prognostic factor for glioblastomas and to compare its validity to the already known MGMT.

Methods
Between January 2002 and January 2007, 105 patients were treated for cerebral glioblastoma. The extent of removal was classified in 4 groups. YKL-40 expression was evaluated by a semiquantitative immunohistochemical staining scale (0, no staining; 1, mild expression; and 2, strong expression). MGMT promoter methylation status was analyzed with methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. All patients received adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to analyze progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), and to compare these parameters between the subgroups stratified by extent of surgical removal, MGMT methylation, and YKL-40 expression. The log-rank test was used to determine statistical significance. A multivariate regression analysis was applied to extent of removal, YKL-40 expression, and MGMT status to check their specific statistical power and to test the independence of the variables.

Results
There were 55 men and 50 women with a mean age of 58 years. Extent of surgical removal is reported. The MGMT promoter was methylated in 48 patients and nonmethylated in 57. Analysis of YKL-40 expression is reported. The median PFS was 10.7 months (14.9 months in the gross-total removal subgroup) (p < 0.0001), and the median OS was 12.5 months (17.4 months in the gross-total removal group) (p < 0.0001). In the univariate analysis, OS was significantly correlated to the extent of resection (p < 0.0001), MGMT status (p < 0.0001), and YKL-40 (p < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that all 3 factors reached statistical significance with respect to patient survival. In particular, surgical removal contributed more than the 2 other factors to the survival prediction (β = −0.6254). Interestingly, YKL-40 (β = −0.3867) contributed more than MGMT (β = −0.1705) to the predicted survival.

Conclusions
The extent of removal is the most important factor influencing the OS of patients harboring glioblastomas. When biological aggressiveness is taken into account, YKL-40 expression was found to be an independent prognostic factor that predicts OS better than MGMT status.
Les jurés populaires et les épreuves de la cour d'assises : entre légitimité d'un regard profane et interpellation du pouvoir des juges
Authors: Jellab Aziz , Giglio-Jacquemot Armelle 
Published: June 2012

Résumé Citoyens tirés au sort à partir de listes électorales, les jurés de cour d’assises doivent se socialiser assez rapidement à un univers judiciaire et à un rôle auquel ils ne sont guère préparés. Cette socialisation ne va pas de soi, car non seulement les jurés s’interrogent sur leur légitimité puisqu’ils sont rarement des juristes mais aussi, ils découvrent des professionnels du droit, des faits incriminés et des mondes sociaux dont la cruauté les déstabilise alors même qu’ils doivent conserver une neutralité quant à la fonction de juger. La rencontre avec les professionnels de la cour d’assises et plus particulièrement avec les juges est marquée par de nombreuses épreuves et génère des sentiments très ambivalents, tenant aussi bien aux modes d’accueil, de qualification et de disqualification qui leur sont réservés, qu’aux écarts observés entre la légitimité des magistrats professionnels et des pratiques judiciaires perçues comme « manipulatoires ». Si juger n’exige pas de la part des citoyens la connaissance du droit mais une attention et un usage de la « raison » en vue de construire leur « intime conviction », l’émotion qu’ils éprouvent à l’écoute des faits incriminés apparaît aux juges comme à la fois inévitable et susceptible de déstabiliser la sérénité du jugement. Aussi, les rapports de pouvoir qui naissent lors de cette rencontre entre juges professionnels et jurés profanes ne prennent sens qu’à l’aune des contraintes institutionnelles qui s’exercent sur les premiers et des manières dont les seconds pensent plus ou moins peser sur la justice pendant le délibéré. L’appropriation socialement différenciée de son rôle de juré comme les différences relevées chez les magistrats quant à la conduite des procès et à la place accordée aux jurés ne remettent pas en cause le poids dominant des juges mais laissent entrevoir des effets différenciés de cette expérience sur les citoyens-juges. La contestation du pouvoir des juges qui cohabite avec l’attachement des jurés au maintien d’une justice échevine démontre qu’au-delà des épreuves vécues, la socialisation à la cour d’assises est une promesse de démocratie apportant une certaine reconnaissance aux individus.
L'inégalité des chancessur le marché du travail urbain ouest-africain
Authors: Pasquier-Doumer Laure 
Published: June 2012

Résumé Cette étude cherche à savoir si l’origine sociale des travailleurs détermine leurs opportunités sur le marché du travail, en comparant le degré d’inégalité des chances sur le marché du travail dans sept capitales ouest-africaines. Elle évalue ensuite pour chacune des villes si la situation professionnelle du père agit directement sur le positionnement sur le marché du travail ou si son effet est indirect, à travers l’éducation. Dans le premier cas, les politiques visant à égaliser les chances doivent agir directement sur le marché du travail, dans le second cas, elles doivent agir en amont, sur le système éducatif. Classification JEL : J24, J62, D63
La demande en eau potable est-elle élastique au prix ? Le cas de la wilaya de Bejaia
Authors: Kertous Mourad 
Published: June 2012

Résumé Confrontée à une disponibilité en eau inférieure à 500 m 3 /an/habitant, l’Algérie a longtemps axé sa politique de gestion de l’eau sur l’offre, en visant la mobilisation de nouvelles sources d’approvisionnement. Une telle approche apparaît aujourd’hui insuffisante, et doit être combinée avec une meilleure connaissance de la maîtrise de la demande. Notre approche dans cet article consiste donc à appréhender la gestion de l’eau en Algérie du côté de la demande. La stratégie suivie consiste à estimer une fonction de demande d’eau potable sur un échantillon de ménages au niveau de la wilaya de Bejaia. Parmi les résultats marquants de notre recherche figure la faible réaction des abonnés face aux changements des prix. Une augmentation du prix de l’eau de 1 % n’induit qu’une réduction de 0,42 % de la demande. Notre travail établit également que la politique de rationnement horaire encourage la surconsommation. Classification JEL : L95, Q25, D12
Evolution of Competition in Vietnam Industries over the Recent Economic Transition
Authors: Doan Tinh , Stevens Philip 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Vietnam has gone through massive economic restructuring from a socialist command economy to market-oriented economy. This provides an excellent example of a country that has experienced changes in competition regime. Economic reforms in late 1980s and 1990s and the introduction of pro-competitive policies in the first half of 2000s have radically altered the economic and, in particular, competitive environment. Understanding the evolution of competition across industries is an important step towards understanding the impact of economic reform on the economic performance of Vietnam as a result of the economic transition. In this paper, the authors investigate the evolution of competition in Vietnam during the economic transition using the price-cost margin (or Lerner Index) and the profit elasticity measure recently developed by Boone (Competition, 2000). This paper provides the first empirical study of intensity and evolution of competition across majority of industries in Vietnam in the last decade using firm-level data from the Vietnam Enterprise Census (VEC) conducted annually since 2000 by the Vietnam General Statistical Office (GSO).
Simultaneous Aortic Valve Replacement in left Ventricular Assist Device Recipients: Single-Center Experience
Authors: Dranishnikov Nikolay , Stepanenko Alexander , Potapov Evgenij V. , Dandel Michael , Siniawski Henryk , Mladenow Alexander , Hübler Michael , Grauhan Onnen , Weng Yuguo , Krabatsch Thomas , Hetzer Roland , Kukucka Marian 
Published: June 2012

Introduction: Aortic valve regurgitation or the presence of a mechanical aortic valve prosthesis is a relative contraindication for implantation of left ventricular assist devices (LVAD). However, concomitant aortic valve replacement by a biological prosthesis is one of the options in this situation. We analyzed our recent experience with left ventricular assist device implantation and concomitant aortic valve replacement. Methods: Between January 1, 2008 and January 15, 2012, 318 adult patients (>18 years old) were supported with a long-term implantable LVAD in our institution. In 19, simultaneous aortic valve replacement (6 redo and 13 primary procedures) was performed. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to INTERMACS (IM) level: Group 1 (n = 7) consisted of patients with IM level 1–2 and Group 2 (n = 12) of IM level 3–4 patients. As a control cohort we analyzed all LVAD recipients during the study period (n = 299, study group excluded). The control cohort was similarly divided into two groups according to the IM level: Group 3 (n = 162) consisted of patients with IM level 1–2 and Group 4 (n = 137) of those with IM level 3–5. Perioperative data and outcomes in all groups were retrospectively analyzed and compared (Group 1 compared to Group 3; and Group 2 to Group 4). Results: In study Groups 1 and 2 all patients were male; in Groups 3 and 4, 80% and 88% respectively were male. Median age distribution in Groups was 55, 61, 54, and 57 years respectively. Patients from Group 2 were significantly older than those from Group 4 (p = 0.039). Body mass index was significantly lower in Group 1 than in Group 3 (p = 0.033). Cardio-pulmonary bypass time was significantly longer in Groups 1 and 2 compared with Groups 3 and 4 respectively (p≤0.001). Patients from Group 1 had a trend more often to develop right ventricular failure requiring a right ventricular assist device (RVAD) than those in Group 3 (p = 0.09). Intensive care unit stay duration of mechanical ventilation and in-hospital mortality in Group 1 were significantly higher than in Group 3 (p = 0.025, p = 0.005, p = 0.038). Patients from Group 2 had similar outcomes compared to those from Group 4. Conclusions: In stable patients, simultaneous aortic valve replacement and LVAD implantation are not associated with an impaired outcome. In patients with cardiogenic shock an additional aortic valve replacement may impair outcome; therefore alternative techniques should be considered.
Clinical Effects of Noninvasive Ultrasound Therapy for Circumferential Reduction
Authors: Atluri Pratha , Barone Frank , Cervone Joseph , Chavez Lauren , Davis George , DiLaurao Marie , Kang David , Kang Lisa , LaRoche Elizabeth , Samuels Julene , Ting William , Tomcik Michael , Zieg Paul M. 
Published: June 2012

Introduction: Conventional body contouring techniques such as liposuction, although now far less invasive, still require extended periods of recuperation and the use of compression garments. Several noninvasive techniques for soft tissue, adipose, and dermal treatment have been reported in the literature as also producing circumferential measurement reductions in patients. These results can now be correlated to evidence-based scientific methodology versus anecdotal reports. Materials and Methods: Patients were treated using the VASER Shape (Sound Surgical Technologies, Louisville, Colo) as part of routine practice. Circumferential measurements were made before and after treatments. Results: Two hundred and four patients were treated in 741 treatment sessions at 12 centers in the United States beginning in June 2010. When measured immediately after treatment, the patients experienced a 0.8-in circumferential reduction in the abdomen and a 0.5-in reduction on the thighs. Circumferential reduction continued over the course of treatments, resulting in reductions of more than 2-in and 1-in, respectively, in the abdomen and thighs. In no cases were any analgesics or anesthesia provided to patients before or during treatment. In general, the patients reported that the treatment was pleasant and felt warm but not uncomfortable. After treatment, patients were able to continue with their normal daily routines. Patients reacted positively to the procedure and the immediacy of results, and many reported that their clothes fit better when they dressed after treatment. In addition to circumferential measurement changes, patients also reported the sensation of feeling tighter in the treated area and that the treated areas had smoother skin. Conclusions: The VASER Shape system presents a novel approach to achieving immediate circumferential measurement reduction noninvasively with no patient downtime.
Labia Majora Lifting: Aesthetic and Functional Solution for Hypertrophy and/or Flaccidity of Labia Majora
Authors: Pardo Jack , Solà Vicente , Ricci Paolo 
Published: June 2012

Introduction: During recent years many women have been searching for an improvement in the appearance of their vulva. We present our experience to evaluate the efficiency and safety of lifting of labia majora and evaluate the level of satisfaction with the surgical technique. Materials and Methods: Between March 2004 and June 2011, a total of 60 patients diagnosed with flaccidity and/or hypertrophy of labia majora were selected for surgery at the Urogynecology and Vaginal Surgery Unit in Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile. The patients were asked to assess the results of surgery in terms of the degree of satisfaction with the obtained results. Results: The primary indication for surgery was aesthetic factors (100%); 20 patients also considered functional factors (33%), and only 6 women (10%) also considered psychologic factors. For aesthetic reasons, hypertrophy and flaccidity were the primary indication, less frequent were asymmetry and previous scars. During the early postoperative period 6.7% of women had a minimal suture dehiscence with spontaneous resolution. A total of 80% of the women were very satisfied, 15% were satisfied, and 5% were unsatisfied. Four patients presented cellulitis (6.7%). Conclusions: According to our experience, the lifting labioplasty of labia majora is a feasible, safe, and effective surgical procedure, with aesthetic results and high levels of satisfaction in patients.
The Stab Incision Procedure for Upper Eyelid Medial Fat Pad Removal
Authors: Barbarino Sheila Chang , Wu Allan , Morrow David Martin 
Published: June 2012

Introduction: Traditionally, surgeons have made a horizontal incision the entire length of the upper eyelid to reach the medial fat pad and remove it. Performing that incision and subsequent dissection bilaterally is a time-consuming procedure. Merely performing a 3- to 4-mm oblique stab incision to gain direct, immediate access to the medial fat pad for removal is a safe, time-efficient, minimally invasive procedure with a far smaller scar. Materials and Methods: Under local anesthesia, a no. 11 blade is used to perform the 3- to 4-mm stab incision through skin, muscle, and septum to gain access to the medial fat pad. The fat pad is meticulously and gingerly teased out using cotton tip applications, and a hemostat to spread tissues and clamp excessive fat for excision and cauterization. The skin is closed with interrupted 6–0 nylon sutures. Results: The authors have performed 979 of these procedures (bilateral) with extremely high patient satisfaction rates during a 10-year period. A total of 15 patients requested more medial fat to be removed. Intralesional steroids were used in 10 patients to treat mild hypertrophic scarring where the incision site was made, which favorably resolved. The average length of time of the procedure was less than 15 minutes. Conclusions: The stab incision procedure for upper medial fat pad removal is a safe, effective, and more time-efficient procedure when only removing the medial fat pad than the traditional upper blepharoplasty.
Application of dual‐function microgels in ultraviolet/thermal dual‐cure clear coats
Authors: Noh Seung Man , Min Jaekyu , Lee Jae Woo , Jung Hyun Wook , Park Jong Myung 
Published: June 2012

AbstractHydroxyl‐functional nanosized microgels were synthesized by nonaqueous dispersion polymerization with caprolactone‐modified hydroxyethyl acrylate as a stabilizer and 1,6‐hexanediol diacrylate as a crosslinker. The dual‐function microgels were prepared by the reaction of the hydroxyl groups of the microgel with isocyanatoethyl methacrylate for use in a UV/thermal dual‐cure process. The synthesized microgels were identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. The effects of the addition of the microgels on the rheological properties, curing behavior, and film properties were also investigated. The addition of the microgels resulted in a lower viscosity and shear thinning behavior in the coating solution. The glass‐transition temperature of the cured films decreased with the addition of the microgels because of the flexible functional stabilizer chain that could participate in UV and thermal crosslinking. The scratch resistance of the cured coating also increased because of the increased ductility of the film caused by the soft microgel. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2012
Crater formation mechanism on the surface of a biaxially oriented polypropylene film
Authors: Tamura Satoshi , Takino Koichi , Yamada Toshiro , Kanai Toshitaka 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBiaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) films are used in a variety of areas around the world. They are especially well suited for food packaging and industrial usages because of their high productivity. Many studies on the stretchability with regard to crystal structure changes have been reported by various researchers because the machine speed has been increasing and the demand to produce thinner films has been becoming more important. Furthermore, a number of studies on the surface structure of BOPP films with craterlike roughnesses have been reported since the 1980s. Although a craterlike surface roughness was formed under specific film process conditions, the formation mechanism and the controlling method of the craterlike film surface are yet to be clarified. In this report, we demonstrated a new hypothesis for the craterlike film surface roughness formation mechanism by analyzing the morphology of the surface layer of polypropylene (PP) sheets and by investigating the relationship between the surface structural changes and the changes in the entire structure. As a result, we found that an overcritical crystallization time was needed to form the crater on the surface of the BOPP film, and the crater formation mechanism was closely related not only to the surface structure changes but also to the deformation phenomenon of the spherulite in the PP sheet during stretching. Furthermore, this report shows the controlling factors in the formation of the crater structure from the viewpoint of the production conditions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2012