bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Canadian Rheumatology Association Recommendations for Pharmacological Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis with Traditional and Biologic Disease-modifying Antirheumatic Drugs
Authors: BYKERK VIVIAN P. , AKHAVAN POONEH , HAZLEWOOD GLEN S. , SCHIEIR ORIT , DOOLEY ANNE , HARAOUI BOULOS , KHRAISHI MAJED , LECLERCQ SHARON A. , LÉGARÉ JEAN , MOSHER DIANE P. , PENCHARZ JAMES , POPE JANET E. , THOMSON JOHN , THORNE CARTER , ZUMMER MICHEL , BOMBARDIER CLAIRE 
Published: September 2011

Objective.The Canadian Rheumatology Association (CRA) has developed recommendations for the pharmacological management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with traditional and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) in 2 parts. Part 1 is reported here.Methods.The CRA Therapeutics Committee assembled a national working group of RA clinical experts, researchers, patient consumers, and a general practitioner. Treatment questions were developed a priori based on results of a national needs assessment survey. A systematic review of all clinical practice guidelines and consensus statements regarding treatment with traditional and biologic DMARD in patients with RA published between January 2000 and June 2010 was performed in Medline, Embase, and CINAHL databases, and the grey literature. Guideline quality was assessed by 2 independent reviewers, and guideline characteristics, recommendations, and supporting evidence from observational studies and randomized controlled trials were synthesized into evidence tables. The full working group reviewed the evidence tables and developed recommendations using a modified Delphi technique.Results.Five overarching principles and 26 recommendations addressing general RA management strategies and treatment with glucocorticoids and traditional and biologic DMARD were developed for rheumatologists, other primary prescribers of RA drug therapies, and patients with RA.Conclusion.These recommendations were developed based on a synthesis of international guidelines, supporting evidence, and expert consensus considering the Canadian healthcare context with the intention of promoting best practices and improving healthcare delivery for persons with RA.
Entre monde et patrie : l'entreprise patrimoniale palestinienne, 1995-2002
Authors: Bulle Sylvaine 
Published: September 2011

Résumé Nous parlons ici du fait patrimonial apparu dans la très éphémère période d’autonomie palestinienne (1995-2002). On a vu en effet s’ouvrir un grand nombre de « chantiers » urbains liés à la reconquête du bâti dans les villes palestiniennes de Ramallah, Naplouse, Gaza, Hébron, Bethléem. La mémoire du patrimoine local et autochtone a été fortement invoquée comme une croyance politique dans la nation palestinienne, capable de « rassembler » la communauté. La menace de la dégradation, de la guerre et surtout le registre symbolique et nationaliste palestinien sont partout invoqués dans la politique de préservation d’un patrimoine, partiellement libéré de la longue présence étrangère, militaire et coloniale. Mais ces identités urbaines ne doivent pas être considérées comme la stricte expression du patriotisme. La politique de mémoire est regardée ici au filtre de la circulation des idées ou du capital, et d’une certaine internationalisation dont dépend fortement le champ urbain palestinien. Tel est le cas de Bethléem 2000 , gigantesque machine patrimoniale articulée à la commémoration universelle du millénaire que nous analysons comme l’exemple d’une nouvelle culture publique, à la croisée de la nation, de l’économique et d’une certaine culture publique mondiale.
Objectivity and Stability of the Preschool Imitation and Praxis Scale
Authors: Vanvuchelen Marleen , Roeyers Herbert , De Weerdt Willy 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We examined rater and test–retest reliability of the Preschool Imitation and Praxis Scale (PIPS).
METHOD. We administered the PIPS to 119 typically developing children ages 1.5–4.9 yr.
RESULTS. The PIPS demonstrated acceptable intra- and interrater reliability on item level (kw = 0.45–1) and scale level (intraclass correlation coefficient ICC = 0.996; 95% CI: 0.968–0.999 and ICC = 0.995; 95% CI: 0.990–0.997, respectively). The smallest detectable difference of the PIPS was 5.6%, indicating that the change score rated by different raters for an individual child is valid and that the PIPS can be used by different raters as an outcome measure to determine children’s improvement or maturation. Results of test–retest analysis revealed that the PIPS score is stable over time (r = .93).
CONCLUSION. The PIPS appears to meet the required standards regarding objectivity and stability. The PIPS may assist clinicians and researchers in evaluating and reevaluating preschoolers’ imitation ability, which is a primary learning strategy of young children.
Long-term results of half-fluence photodynamic therapy for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Rouvas Alexandros , Stavrakas Panagiotis , Theodossiadis Panagiotis G. , Stamatiou Polyxeni , Milia Maria , Giannakaki Emmanuela , Datseris Ioannis 
Published: September 2011

Purpose To report long-term functional and anatomic results of safety-enhanced photodynamic therapy (PDT) with half-dose verteporfin for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Methods A retrospective analysis of 29 eyes of 27 patients with chronic CSC was performed. All eyes received half-dose PDT. Visual acuity, central foveal thickness, and angiographic features were evaluated. Results Mean follow-up time was 20 months (range 12-40). Mean best-corrected visual acuity improved from 0.45±0.23 logMAR to 0.08±0.08 logMAR. Twenty-five eyes (86%) had a complete resolution of the subretinal fluid after only one session and 4 eyes had recurrences, 3 of them at the same leaking area observed at baseline. At the end of the follow-up all eyes (100%) showed resolution of the subretinal fluid. There was no visual loss secondary to exaggerated response to the PDT, nor any other adverse events. Conclusions The long-term results of this study further support the safety and effectiveness of safety-enhanced PDT with half dose of verteporfin for the treatment of chronic CSC.
Surgical Resection of a Massive Residual Retroperineal Mass after Chemotherapy in Non-Seminomatous Germ cell Tumor of the Testis: A Borderline Case
Authors: Buffardi Andrea , Destefanis Paolo , Lillaz Beatrice , Bosio Andrea , Bisconti Alessandro , De Maria Claudia , Carchedi Mariateresa , Rolle Luigi , Fontana Dario 
Published: September 2011

Background According to the last EAU Guidelines about testicular cancer, surgical resection of residual masses after chemotherapy in NSGCT is indicated in the case of visible residual masses and when serum levels of tumor markers are normal or normalizing. If markers are not normalized and when several chemotherapeutic regimens have failed to cure metastatic disease, resection of residual tumors (so called “desperation surgery”) should be offered to these patients. Methods We are going to present the case of a 30-year-old patient, affected by metastatic NSGCT. According to the prognostic-based staging system for metastatic germ cell cancer, our patient was in the poor prognosis group. The retroperitoneal mass involved all major vascular structures and still caused a bilateral obstruction of the upper urinary tract. Histological examination after radical orchiectomy revealed embryonal carcinoma and immature teratoma. The patient underwent a four-cycle VIP chemotherapy and then salvage chemotherapy with four cycles of TIP. After chemotherapy, the patient still presented large multiple metastatic localizations. Tumor markers were reduced but not normalized. The patient was then proposed for the resection of residual tumor. The residual mass could not be dissected from the left renal pedicle, so the left nephrectomy was unavoidable. The mass was hardly detached from vena cava and aorta. A bilateral iliac and retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy was performed. At the end of the procedure, the retroperitoneal space was completely free. Results Post-operative hospital stay was regular. A CT scan performed 3 months after the procedure did not show any residual lesion in the retroperitoneum. Three and six months later, the patient underwent the residual tumor resection of the right mediastinum and then of the left mediastinum and supraclavear metastases. Afterwards the patient underwent an EP consolidation chemotherapy. The patient is alive, 12 months after the retroperitoneal surgery. Conclusions Our experience confirms that resection of residual tumors is safe and feasible also in cases of very large abdominal disease.
Ceramic Matrix Composites:
Si
C
Whisker–Reinforced
Authors: Nakao Wataru 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
SiC‐whisker‐reinforced ceramic exhibits much higher fracture toughness than monolithic ceramics, because the whisker bridging and pullout provide much large fracture resistance when the crack propagates perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the SiC whiskers. Owing to the toughening efficiency and the ease of processing, SiC whisker reinforcements have been employed not only for conventional ceramics such as alumina and silicon nitride but also for advanced ceramics such as zirconium diboride. Furthermore, SiC‐whisker‐reinforced ceramic matrix composites possess self‐healing ability driven by the SiC whisker oxidation and the insulating electrical properties due to the SiC‐whisker‐interconnecting network. These features are expected to extend its applications. In this article, these mechanisms are overviewed and introduced in detail.
Fracture: Interlaminar
Authors: de Moura Marcelo F. S. F. , Guedes Rui M. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
This article is mainly dedicated to describe the most prominent tests for interlaminar fracture characterization of composites under pure (I, II, and III) and mixed‐mode (I + II, I + III, and II + III) loading. Experimental details and difficulties inherent to each test are presented and discussed. In addition, the drawbacks of using classical data reduction schemes due to phenomena related to fracture propagation with nonnegligible fracture process zones are emphasized. As a consequence, an alternative data reduction scheme based on crack equivalent concept and specimen compliance is proposed to overcome the referred difficulties. Some results highlighting the advantages of the proposed methodology are presented for several of the presented tests.
Hybrid Mats
Authors: Othman Abdul Rahim , Amir Amie NorFreeda 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Hybrid mats have been developed by controlling the constituent composition in order to provide wider opportunities to control material stiffness, strength, and cost. There are three distinctive types of hybridization of the composite mats, in which the details have been made available in this article. Further details on the fabrication process as well as the applications in the engineering structures are also presented.
The readers will also be presented with the unique mechanical behavior of the hybrid mats, in which the apparent disparities are observed, compared to the single‐fiber system. Brief overview on the optimization work carried out on the multisystem fibers in order to attain the desired properties is also highlighted. The final section provides the issues and problems that inhibit the development of the hybrid technology.
Modified Natural‐Fiber‐Based Composites
Authors: Rowell Roger Max , Xu Yan 
Published: September 2011

AbstractNatural fibers can be modified to increase durability and stability. Two technologies are presently commercial to improve both of these properties: reaction of the fiber with acetic anhydride (acetylation) and heat treatments. Both increase durability and stability. Mechanical properties are slightly improved with acetylation, especially wet strength and wet stiffness, while heat treatments greatly reduce mechanical properties.
The effect of low‐fidelity endoscopic sinus surgery simulators on surgical skill
Authors: Wais Marta , Ooi Eng , Leung Randy M. , Vescan Allan D. , Lee John , Witterick Ian J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground:Surgical training models are being increasingly used to provide an environment for surgical trainees to improve their skills without risk to patients. This study uses previously validated, inexpensive, low‐fidelity training models to determine how pretraining affects endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) skills.Methods:Fourteen Otolaryngology residents were randomized to 1 of 2 groups that were stratified for training level. The first group took part in a pretraining session where they practiced on all 5 different modules whereas the second group did not receive any pretraining. The following day, all participants took part in a cadaveric ESS course. Participants were instructed to complete a set of tasks and their performances were videotaped. The videos were then evaluated using a Global Rating Scale (GRS) and a Task‐Specific Checklist (TSC). The performances of those who trained using the models were compared to the performances of those who did not.Results:The intervention (pretraining) group performed better than the nonintervention (no pretraining) group on the cadaveric ESS tasks (p < 0.05). As well, there was a statistical difference between the senior residents who had the pretraining with the simulator models performing better than those who did not.Conclusion:The modules appear to have made a positive impact on ESS skills. These low‐cost, easily‐constructed training modules have the potential to be integrated into Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery resident training. Assessment of long‐term training effects with a larger number of participants is planned for future studies. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Ionic Liquids as Hypergolic Fuels
Authors: Zhang Yanqiang , Gao Haixiang , Joo Young‐Hyuk , Shreeve Jean'ne M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn propellant systems, fuels of choice continue to be hydrazine and its derivatives, even though they comprise a class of acutely carcinogenic and toxic substances which exhibit rather high vapor pressures and require expensive handling procedures and costly safety precautions. Only recently (2008), ionic liquids (salts with melting points less than 100 °C) with the dicyanamide anion were shown to exhibit hypergolic properties (instantaneous ignition when contacted with oxidizers (100 % nitric acid, WFNA)). Such liquids tend to have low volatilities, and high thermal and chemical stabilities, and often exhibit long liquid ranges which could allow utilization of these substances as bipropellant fuels over a variety of conditions. A new family of dicyanoborates is presented, which can be synthesized in water, with substituted N‐acyclic, N‐cyclic, and azolium cations has met nearly all of the desired important criteria needed for well‐performing fuels.
Learning to Make Selection and Detection Decisions: The Roles of Base Rate and Feedback
Authors: Stewart Thomas R. , Mumpower Jeryl L. , James Holzworth Robert 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThe effects of type of feedback and base rate on threshold learning in a multiple‐cue decision task were examined. In most such decision experiments, participants receive feedback after every trial (full feedback), and a single base rate (usually 0.5) is used. Our experiment explored conditional feedback (feedback only after positive decisions) representing common selection and detection tasks (such as hiring), where the decision maker receives no feedback unless the decision is positive (e.g., hire the applicant). We used three base rates (0.2, 0.5, and 0.8). As expected, performance was best in full feedback, but after 300 learning trials, the difference was small. Conditional feedback generally resulted in fewer positive decisions than full feedback, but this difference was not found in the low (0.2) base rate condition. There were interactions between base rates and types of feedback. Results provide partial support for the constructivist encoding hypothesis of Elwin and colleagues. Simulation results suggest that our results may reflect overconfidence when feedback is not given. With respect to rate of learning, when the base rate was 0.2, conditional feedback participants reached approximately the same selection rate but did so more slowly than the full feedback participants. Partial feedback participants learned slower and appeared to be still learning after 500 trials. When the base rate was 0.5 or 0.8, partial feedback was nearly as good as full feedback, but conditional feedback resulted in a systematically lower rate of positive decisions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metabolic characterization and genes for the conversion of biphenyl in Dyella ginsengisoli LA‐4
Authors: Li Ang , Qu Yuan‐Yuan , Pi Wen‐Qing , Zhou Ji‐Ti , Gai Zhong‐Hui , Xu Ping 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA complete bph gene cluster (bphLA‐4) containing 12,186 bp was amplified from Dyella ginsengisoli LA‐4. The bphLA‐4 was composed of bphABCXD, and an additional gene encoding a meta‐fission product hydrolase was located in the bphX region. BphLA‐4 was independently transcribed by the two operons, bphA1A2orf1A3A4BCX0 and bphX1orf2X2X3D, and significantly differed from bphKF707. Both benzoate and catechol induced the expression of both operons. 2‐Hydroxypenta‐2,4‐dienoate was identified as the intermediate of the biphenyl degradation by strain LA‐4. This finding suggested that there existed a novel lower pathway of biphenyl degradation in strain LA‐4. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:609–613. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Integrating computational methods to retrofit enzymes to synthetic pathways
Authors: Brunk Elizabeth , Neri Marilisa , Tavernelli Ivano , Hatzimanikatis Vassily , Rothlisberger Ursula 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMicrobial production of desired compounds provides an efficient framework for the development of renewable energy resources. To be competitive to traditional chemistry, one requirement is to utilize the full capacity of the microorganism to produce target compounds with high yields and turnover rates. We use integrated computational methods to generate and quantify the performance of novel biosynthetic routes that contain highly optimized catalysts. Engineering a novel reaction pathway entails addressing feasibility on multiple levels, which involves handling the complexity of large‐scale biochemical networks while respecting the critical chemical phenomena at the atomistic scale. To pursue this multi‐layer challenge, our strategy merges knowledge‐based metabolic engineering methods with computational chemistry methods. By bridging multiple disciplines, we provide an integral computational framework that could accelerate the discovery and implementation of novel biosynthetic production routes. Using this approach, we have identified and optimized a novel biosynthetic route for the production of 3HP from pyruvate. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:572–582. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Synthesis of Chiral Phosphorus Ligands for use in Homogeneous Metal Catalysis
Authors: Lühr Susan , Holz Jens , Börner Armin 
Published: September 2011

AbstractRecent developments in the synthesis of chiral phosphorus ligands are summarized. Main emphasis is given to the multitude of protocols for their synthesis starting from compounds of the chiral pool or by using other easily available chiral starting materials. Besides mono‐ and bidentate P‐ligands hybrid ligands bearing N, O, or olefinic groups as second ligating units are addressed. The syntheses of new P‐chirogenic ligands, as well as ligands with supramolecular structures are likewise reviewed. In appropriate cases structures of related privileged ligands are given for comparison. When available, the efficiency of the new ligands for metal catalyzed reactions are briefly assessed.
Delineating Poly(Aniline) Redox Chemistry by Using Tailored Oligo(Aryleneamine)s: Towards Oligo(Aniline)‐Based Organic Semiconductors with Tunable Optoelectronic Properties
Authors: Shao Zhecheng , Rannou Patrice , Sadki Saïd , Fey Natalie , Lindsay David M. , Faul Charl F. J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe simple and elegant Buchwald–Hartwig cross‐coupling reaction has been used to synthesise a designed range of new aniline‐based tetramers in one step, and without the need for protecting groups. Variation of the central aromatic ring has provided the opportunity to carefully tune the optoelectronic properties in this series, thus enabling a structure–activity relationship study by using a range of photophysical and electrochemical techniques. As a result, the long‐proposed sequences of electron‐electron (EE) and electron‐chemical (EC) processes that support the complex redox and proton‐transfer reactions involved in the well‐known switching of redox states of poly‐ and oligo(aniline)s are revealed here for the first time. We also present the initial results from time‐dependent DFT calculations to clarify the optoelectronic behaviour of these oligomers. The dc‐conductivity measurements of conducting thin films of this series, doped with the prototypical poly(aniline) protonating agent d,l‐camphor‐10‐sulfonic acid (CSA), externally plasticised with triphenyl phosphate (TPP), and processed from m‐cresol (MC) solutions, are also presented.
Dynamic Self‐Assembly of Charge‐Transfer Nanofibers of Tetrathiafulvalene Derivatives with F4TCNQ
Authors: Jain Ankit , Rao K. Venkata , Mogera Umesha , Sagade Abhay A. , George Subi J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractOne‐dimensional charge‐transfer nanostructures were constructed by the supramolecular coassembly of amphiphilic (Amph‐TTF) and hydrophobic (TDD‐TTF) tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) donor derivatives with the acceptor 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro‐7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ), in appropriate solvent composition mixtures. Microscopic analyses show that TDD‐TTF retains its self‐assembled fibrillar morphology even in the charge‐transfer state, whereas Amph‐TTF undergoes a spherical to nanorod transition upon coassembly. Time‐dependent optical spectroscopy studies have shown a spontaneous change in molecular organization in TDD‐TTF‐based donor–acceptor costacks, which suggests a dynamic behavior, in contrast to the kinetically stable amphiphilic TTF assemblies. We have also tried to get an insight into the observed time‐dependent change in molecular packing of these nanostructures through spectroscopic analyses by commenting on whether the TTF–TCNQ pair is cofacially arranged or present in the classical herringbone (orthogonal) fashion. Furthermore, our two‐probe electrical measurements showed that these charge‐transfer fibers are conducting. A supramolecular approach that yields 1D charge‐transfer nanostructures of donor and acceptor molecules will be an alternative to existing crystalline substances with high conductivity and hence can be a viable tool for nanoelectronics.
Einstein relation for reversible diffusions in a random environment
Authors: Gantert Nina , Mathieu Pierre , Piatnitski Andrey 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe consider reversible diffusions in a random environment and prove the Einstein relation for this model. It says that the derivative at 0 of the effective velocity under an additional local drift equals the diffusivity of the model without drift. The Einstein relation is conjectured to hold for a variety of models but so far it has only been proved in particular cases. Our proof makes use of homogenization arguments, the Girsanov transform, and a refinement of the regeneration times introduced by Shen. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.