bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiologic Assessment of Patellofemoral Pain in the Athlete
Authors: Endo Yoshimi , Stein Beth E. Shubin , Potter Hollis G. 
Published: March 2011

Context: Although disorders of the patellofemoral joint are common in the athlete, their management can be challenging and require a thorough physical examination and radiologic evaluation, including advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques. Evidence Acquisition: Relevant articles were searched under OVID and MEDLINE (1968 to 2010) using the keywords patellofemoral joint, patellofemoral pain or patella and radiography, imaging, or magnetic resonance imaging, and the referenced sources were reviewed for additional articles. The quality and validity of the studies were assessed on the basis of careful analysis of the materials and methods before their inclusion in this article. Results: Physical examination and imaging evaluation including standard radiographs are crucial in identifying evidence of malalignment or instability. Magnetic resonance imaging provides valuable information about concomitant soft tissue injuries to the medial stabilizers as well as injuries to the articular cartilage, including chondral shears and osteochondral fractures. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging assessing the ultrastructure of cartilage has shown high correlation with histology and may be useful for timing surgery. Conclusions: Evaluation of patellofemoral disorders is complex and requires a comprehensive assessment. Recent advancements in imaging have made possible a more precise evaluation of the individual anatomy of the patient, addressing issues of malalignment, instability, and underlying cartilage damage.
Effectiveness of Elastic Resistance in Rehabilitation of Patients With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
Authors: Page Phil 
Published: March 2011

Context: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is associated with muscle imbalance at the knee and hip. Therapeutic exercise is effective at reducing pain associated with PFPS. Objective: To identify and analyze clinical trials of elastic resistance in patients with PFPS to determine its efficacy. Data Sources: PubMed, CINAHL, and PEDro databases were searched for terms relevant to PFPS rehabilitation in patients aged 12 to 40 years. Study Selection: Only peer-reviewed clinical trials lasting at least 4 weeks and specifying the use of elastic resistance in their protocols were included. Data Extraction: Eight eligible studies were analyzed for design, sample, intervention, outcomes, and clinical application. Results: The studies included in this review lacked high-quality design, often using exercise as a “quasi-control” condition. Most studies did not provide specific exercise prescription or progression. Although participants in each study reported significant improvements in pain, deficiencies in scientific design limit the conclusion. Conclusion: Elastic resistance exercise may reduce pain and improve function and strength in patients with PFPS.
NAADP links histamine H1 receptors to secretion of von Willebrand factor in human endothelial cells
Authors: Esposito Bianca , Gambara Guido , Lewis Alexander M. , Palombi Fioretta , D'Alessio Alessio , Taylor Lewis X. , Genazzani Armando A. , Ziparo Elio , Galione Antony , Churchill Grant C. , Filippini Antonio 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA variety of endothelial agonist–induced responses are mediated by rises in intracellular Ca2+, suggesting that different Ca2+ signatures could fine-tune specific inflammatory and thrombotic activities. In search of new intracellular mechanisms modulating endothelial effector functions, we identified nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) as a crucial second messenger in histamine-induced Ca2+ release via H1 receptors (H1R). NAADP is a potent intracellular messenger mobilizing Ca2+ from lysosome-like acidic compartments, functionally coupled to the endoplasmic reticulum. Using the human EA.hy926 endothelial cell line and primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells, we show that selective H1R activation increases intracellular NAADP levels and that H1R-induced calcium release involves both acidic organelles and the endoplasmic reticulum. To assess that NAADP links H1R to Ca2+-signaling we used both microinjection of self-inactivating concentrations of NAADP and the specific NAADP receptor antagonist, Ned-19, both of which completely abolished H1R-induced but not thrombin-induced Ca2+ mobilization. Interestingly, H1R-mediated von Willebrand factor (VWF) secretion was completely inhibited by treatment with Ned-19 and by siRNA knockdown of 2-pore channel NAADP receptors, whereas thrombin-induced VWF secretion failed to be affected. These findings demonstrate a novel and specific Ca2+-signaling mechanism activated through H1R in human endothelial cells, which reveals an obligatory role of NAADP in the control of VWF secretion.
The JAK2 46/1 haplotype in Budd-Chiari syndrome and portal vein thrombosis
Authors: Smalberg Jasper H. , Koehler Edith , Murad Sarwa Darwish , Plessier Aurelie , Seijo Susana , Trebicka Jonel , Primignani Massimo , de Maat Moniek P. M. , Garcia-Pagan Juan-Carlos , Valla Dominique C. , Janssen Harry L. A. , Leebeek Frank W. G. ,   for the European Network for Vascular Disorders of the Liver (EN-Vie)
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The germline JAK2 46/1 haplotype has been associated with the development of JAK2V617F-positive as well as JAK2V617F-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). In this study we examined the role of the 46/1 haplotype in the etiology and clinical presentation of patients with splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT), in which MPNs are the most prominent underlying etiological factor. The single-nucleotide polymorphism rs12343867, which tags 46/1, was genotyped in 199 SVT patients. The 46/1 haplotype was overrepresented in JAK2V617F-positive SVT patients compared with controls (P < .01). Prevalence of the 46/1 haplotype in JAK2V617F-negative SVT patients did not differ from prevalence in the controls. However, JAK2V617F-negative SVT patients with a proven MPN also exhibited an increased frequency of the 46/1 haplotype (P = .06). Interestingly, 46/1 was associated with increased erythropoiesis in JAK2V617F-negative SVT patients. We conclude that the 46/1 haplotype is associated with the development of JAK2V617F-positive SVT. In addition, our findings in JAK2V617F-negative SVT patients indicate an important role for the 46/1 haplotype in the etiology and diagnosis of SVT-related MPNs, independent of JAK2V617F, that requires further exploration.
The role of small airways in obstructive airway diseases: Figure 1.
Authors: Burgel P-R. 
Published: March 2011

This review article is a summary of a seminar organised by the European Respiratory Society on “The role of small airways in obstructive airway diseases” which was held in October 2010 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.The aims of the seminar were to identify important questions related to small airways involvement in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to discuss future approaches based on current and evolving knowledge. Data obtained by pathological and physiological measurements in small airways and their relevance to clinical manifestations and therapeutics in asthma and COPD were reviewed.It was concluded that our knowledge on the roles of small airways in asthma and COPD is limited. Studies of large numbers of well-characterised subjects using multiple methods (genetic characterisation, cell biology and physiology, imaging) and integration of the data using mathematical models are suggested to be of interest. The availability of these techniques coupled with our ability to better target inhaled molecules to small airways provide a unique opportunity for a reappraisal of the relevance of small airways in chronic airway diseases.
Update on the roles of distal airways in COPD
Authors: Burgel P-R. , Bourdin A. , Chanez P. , Chabot F. , Chaouat A. , Chinet T. , de Blic J. , Devillier P. , Deschildre A. , Didier A. , Garcia G. , Jebrak G. , Laurent F. , Morel H. , Perez T. , Pilette C. , Roche N. , Tillie-Leblond I. , Verbanck S. , Dusser D. 
Published: March 2011

This review is the summary of a workshop on the role of distal airways in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which took place in 2009 in Vence, France.The evidence showing inflammation and remodelling in distal airways and the possible involvement of these in the pathobiology, physiology, clinical manifestations and natural history of COPD were examined. The usefulness and limitations of physiological tests and imaging techniques for assessing distal airways abnormalities were evaluated.Ex vivostudies in isolated lungs and invasive measurements of airway resistance in living individuals have revealed that distal airways represent the main site of airflow limitation in COPD. Structural changes in small conducting airways, including increased wall thickness and obstruction by muco-inflammatory exudates, and emphysema (resulting in premature airway closure), were important determinants of airflow limitation. Infiltration of small conducting airways by phagocytes (macrophages and neutrophils), dendritic cells and T and B lymphocytes increased with airflow limitation. Distal airways abnormalities were associated with patient-related outcomes (e.g.dyspnoea and reduced health-related quality of life) and with the natural history of the disease, as reflected by lung function decline and mortality.These data provide a clear rationale for targeting distal airways in COPD.
PoPoolation DB: a user-friendly web-based database for the retrieval of natural polymorphisms in Drosophila
Authors: Pandey Ram Vinay , Kofler Robert , Orozco-terWengel Pablo , Nolte Viola , Schlötterer Christian 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Background
The enormous potential of natural variation for the functional characterization of genes has been neglected for a long time. Only since recently, functional geneticists are starting to account for natural variation in their analyses. With the new sequencing technologies it has become feasible to collect sequence information for multiple individuals on a genomic scale. In particular sequencing pooled DNA samples has been shown to provide a cost-effective approach for characterizing variation in natural populations. While a range of software tools have been developed for mapping these reads onto a reference genome and extracting SNPs, linking this information to population genetic estimators and functional information still poses a major challenge to many researchers.

Results
We developed PoPoolation DB a user-friendly integrated database. Popoolation DB links variation in natural populations with functional information, allowing a wide range of researchers to take advantage of population genetic data. PoPoolation DB provides the user with population genetic parameters (Watterson's θ or Tajima's π), Tajima's D, SNPs, allele frequencies and indels in regions of interest. The database can be queried by gene name, chromosomal position, or a user-provided query sequence or GTF file. We anticipate that PoPoolation DB will be a highly versatile tool for functional geneticists as well as evolutionary biologists.

Conclusions
PoPoolation DB, available at http://www.popoolation.at/pgt, provides an integrated platform for researchers to investigate natural polymorphism and associated functional annotations from UCSC and Flybase genome browsers, population genetic estimators and RNA-seq information.
Gene expression throughout a vertebrate's embryogenesis
Authors: Bozinovic Goran , Sit Tim L , Hinton David E , Oleksiak Marjorie F 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundDescribing the patterns of gene expression during embryonic development has broadened our understanding of the processes and patterns that define morphogenesis. Yet gene expression patterns have not been described throughout vertebrate embryogenesis. This study presents statistical analyses of gene expression during all 40 developmental stages in the teleostFundulus heteroclitususing four biological replicates per stage.ResultsPatterns of gene expression for 7,000 genes appear to be important as they recapitulate developmental timing. Among the 45% of genes with significant expression differences between pairs of temporally adjacent stages, significant differences in gene expression vary from as few as five to more than 660. Five adjacent stages have disproportionately more significant changes in gene expression (> 200 genes) relative to other stages: four to eight and eight to sixteen cell stages, onset of circulation, pre and post-hatch, and during complete yolk absorption. The fewest differences among adjacent stages occur during gastrulation. Yet, at stage 16, (pre-mid-gastrulation) the largest number of genes has peak expression. This stage has an over representation of genes in oxidative respiration and protein expression (ribosomes, translational genes and proteases). Unexpectedly, among all ribosomal genes, both strong positive and negative correlations occur. Similar correlated patterns of expression occur among all significant genes.ConclusionsThese data provide statistical support for the temporal dynamics of developmental gene expression during all stages of vertebrate development.
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression in human and murine pancreatic beta-cells affects cell viability and insulin homeostasis
Authors: Garay-Malpartida Humberto M , Mourão Roberta F , Mantovani Marluce , Santos Icaro A , Sogayar Mari C , Goldberg Anna C 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Background
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is widely recognized as an essential element in the triggering of innate immunity, binding pathogen-associated molecules such as Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and in initiating a cascade of pro-inflammatory events. Evidence for TLR4 expression in non-immune cells, including pancreatic β-cells, has been shown, but, the functional role of TLR4 in the physiology of human pancreatic β-cells is still to be clearly established. We investigated whether TLR4 is present in β-cells purified from freshly isolated human islets and confirmed the results using MIN6 mouse insulinoma cells, by analyzing the effects of TLR4 expression on cell viability and insulin homeostasis.

Results
CD11b positive macrophages were practically absent from isolated human islets obtained from non-diabetic brain-dead donors, and TLR4 mRNA and cell surface expression were restricted to β-cells. A significant loss of cell viability was observed in these β-cells indicating a possible relationship with TLR4 expression. Monitoring gene expression in β-cells exposed for 48h to the prototypical TLR4 ligand LPS showed a concentration-dependent increase in TLR4 and CD14 transcripts and decreased insulin content and secretion. TLR4-positive MIN6 cells were also LPS-responsive, increasing TLR4 and CD14 mRNA levels and decreasing cell viability and insulin content.

Conclusions
Taken together, our data indicate a novel function for TLR4 as a molecule capable of altering homeostasis of pancreatic β-cells.
Genetic modification of alternative respiration in Nicotiana benthamianaaffects basal and salicylic acid-induced resistance to potato virus X
Authors: Lee Wing-Sham , Fu Shih-Feng , Verchot-Lubicz Jeanmarie , Carr John P 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Background
Salicylic acid (SA) regulates multiple anti-viral mechanisms, including mechanism(s) that may be negatively regulated by the mitochondrial enzyme, alternative oxidase (AOX), the sole component of the alternative respiratory pathway. However, studies of this mechanism can be confounded by SA-mediated induction of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 1, a component of the antiviral RNA silencing pathway. We made transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants in which alternative respiratory pathway capacity was either increased by constitutive expression of AOX, or decreased by expression of a dominant-negative mutant protein (AOX-E). N. benthamiana was used because it is a natural mutant that does not express a functional RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 1.

Results
Antimycin A (an alternative respiratory pathway inducer and also an inducer of resistance to viruses) and SA triggered resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Resistance to TMV induced by antimycin A, but not by SA, was inhibited in Aox transgenic plants while SA-induced resistance to this virus appeared to be stronger in Aox-E transgenic plants. These effects, which were limited to directly inoculated leaves, were not affected by the presence or absence of a transgene constitutively expressing a functional RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (MtRDR1). Unexpectedly, Aox-transgenic plants infected with potato virus X (PVX) showed markedly increased susceptibility to systemic disease induction and virus accumulation in inoculated and systemically infected leaves. SA-induced resistance to PVX was compromised in Aox-transgenic plants but plants expressing AOX-E exhibited enhanced SA-induced resistance to this virus.

Conclusions
We conclude that AOX-regulated mechanisms not only play a role in SA-induced resistance but also make an important contribution to basal resistance against certain viruses such as PVX.
Bio-Repository of DNA in stroke (BRAINS): A study protocol
Authors: Yadav Sunaina , Schanz Renata , Maheshwari Ankita , Khan Muhammad Saleem , Slark Julia , de Silva Ranil , Bentley Paul , Froguel Philippe , Kooner Jaspal , Shrivastav Padma , Prasad Kameshwar , Sharma Pankaj 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Background
Stroke is one of the commonest causes of mortality in the world and anticipated to be an increasing burden to the developing world. Stroke has a genetic basis and identifying those genes may not only help us define the mechanisms that cause stroke but also identify novel therapeutic targets. However, large scale highly phenotyped DNA repositories are required in order for this to be achieved.

Methods
The proposed Bio-Repository of DNA in Stroke (BRAINS) will recruit all subtypes of stroke as well as controls from two different continents, Europe and Asia. Subjects recruited from the UK will include stroke patients of European ancestry as well as British South Asians. Stroke subjects from South Asia will be recruited from India and Sri Lanka. South Asian cases will also have control subjects recruited.

Discussion
We describe a study protocol to establish a large and highly characterized stroke biobank in those of European and South Asian descent. With different ethnic populations being recruited, BRAINS has the ability to compare and contrast genetic risk factors between those of differing ancestral descent as well as those who migrate into different environments.
Endosialin expression in relation to clinicopathological and biological variables in rectal cancers with a Swedish clinical trial of preoperative radiotherapy
Authors: Zhang Zhi-Yong , Zhang Hong , Adell Gunnar , Sun Xiao-Feng 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Background
The importance of changes in tumour-associated stroma for tumour initiation and progression has been established. Endosialin is expressed in fibroblasts and pericytes of blood vessels in several types of tumours, and is involved in the progression of colorectal cancer. In order to see whether endosialin was related to radiotherapy (RT) response, and clinicopathological and biological variables, we investigated endosialin expression in rectal cancers from the patients who participated in a Swedish clinical trial of preoperative RT.

Methods
Endosialin was immunohistochemically examined in normal mucosa, including distant (n = 72) and adjacent (n = 112) normal mucosa, and primary tumours (n = 135). Seventy-three of 135 patients received surgery alone and 62 received additional preoperative RT.

Results
Endosialin expression in the stroma increased from normal mucosa to tumour (p < 0.0001) both in RT and non-RT group. In the RT group, endosialin expression in the stroma was positively associated with expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) (p = 0.03), p73 (p = 0.01) and phosphates of regenerating liver (PRL) (p = 0.002). Endosialin expression in the tumour cells of both in the RT group (p = 0.01) and the non-RT group (p = 0.06) was observed more often in tumours with an infiltrative growth pattern than in tumours with an expansive growth pattern. In the RT group, endosialin expression in tumour cells was positively related to PRL expression (p = 0.02), whereas in the non-RT group, endosialin expression in tumour cells was positively related to p73 expression (p = 0.01).

Conclusions
Endosialin expression may be involved in the progression of rectal cancers, and was related to Cox-2, p73 and PRL expression. However, a direct relationship between endosialin expression and RT responses in patients was not found.
Assessment of efficacy and impact on work productivity and attendance after a mandatory switch to generic second-generation antihistamines: results of a patient survey in Norway
Authors: Thorn Fredrik , Celius Halvor , Ødegård Tone , Mandla Randeep , Hexeberg Erik 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Background
In 2006, the Norwegian Medicines Agency mandated a switch from desloratadine, ebastine, or fexofenadine to cetirizine or loratadine in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) or chronic urticaria (CU). In an online survey, patients whose medication was switched assessed the impact on efficacy, fatigue, and work productivity/attendance.

Methods
Allergy patients in Norway completed a 25-item online survey. Patients aged ≥ 18 years with AR or CU who were switched to cetirizine or loratadine from desloratadine, ebastine, or fexofenadine were included. Participants rated post-switch efficacy, fatigue, and effect on work productivity/attendance compared with their pre-switch medication. Patients also reported post-switch change in number of doctor visits required, total treatment cost, and whether they had switched or wanted to switch back to their previous medications.

Results
Of 1920 patients invited, 493 responded and 409 of these were eligible. Previous antihistamines were desloratadine (78.4% of respondents), ebastine (16.0%), and fexofenadine (5.6%). Post-switch, 64.7% received cetirizine and 35.3% loratadine. Compared with previous therapy, cetirizine and loratadine were rated less effective by 46.3% of respondents; 28.7% reported increased fatigue; and 31.6% reported decreased work productivity with the generic agents. At the time of the survey, 26% of respondents had switched back to their previous medication.

Conclusions
This is the first survey to assess the impact on patient-reported outcomes of a mandated switch from prescription to generic antihistamines in Norway. The findings suggest that patient response to different antihistamines will vary and that treatment decisions should be individualized for optimal results.