bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-Sectional Study of Imatinib Plasma Trough Levels in Patients With Advanced Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: Impact of Gastrointestinal Resection on Exposure to Imatinib
Authors: Yoo Changhoon , Ryu Min-Hee , Kang Byung Woog , Yoon Shin-Kyo , Ryoo Baek-Yeol , Chang Heung-Moon , Lee Jae-Lyun , Beck Mo Youl , Kim Tae Won , Kang Yoon-Koo 
Published: February 2010

PurposeImatinib plasma trough levels (Cmin) have been reported to correlate with treatment outcomes in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). We therefore have evaluated the correlation between imatinib Cminand the clinical characteristics of patients with GIST.Patients and MethodsSteady-state imatinib Cminin 107 patients with GIST who were taking imatinib 300 to 800 mg/d was measured.ResultsIn patients treated with imatinib 400 (n = 92), 300 (n = 7), 600 (n = 2), or 800 (n = 11) mg/d, imatinib Cminwas 1,305 ± 633 ng/mL, 1,452 ± 830 ng/mL, 1,698 ± 725 ng/mL, and 3,330 ± 1,592 ng/mL, respectively. Of the 92 patients treated with 400 mg/d imatinib, 59 patients (63%) were men; the median age was 55 years (range, 28 to 76 years), and the median duration of imatinib use before sampling was 8.8 months (range, 0.5 to 67.6 months). The mean inter- and intrapatient variability rates were 44.7% and 26.5%, respectively. In univariate analyses, high Cminwas correlated with advanced age (P = .02), low creatinine clearance (P = .001), low hemoglobin (P = .03), and low albumin (P < .001) concentrations. Imatinib Cminwas also significantly lower in patients with (n = 18; 942 ± 330 ng/mL) than without (n = 74; 1,393 ± 659 ng/mL) major (ie, total or subtotal) gastrectomy (P = .002). In multivariate analysis, albumin (P = .001) concentrations, creatinine clearance (P = .002), and major gastrectomy (P = .003) were significantly correlated with Cmin.ConclusionIn patients with GIST, imatinib Cminat steady state was significantly associated with albumin concentration, creatinine clearance, and previous major gastrectomy. Although its clinical impact is unclear at present time, monitoring of imatinib Cminmight be particularly important for optimal treatment with imatinib in patients who have undergone major gastrectomy.
Social support and regular physical activity: Does planning mediate this link?
Authors: Molloy G. J. , Dixon D. , Hamer M. , Sniehotta F. F. 
Published: February 2010

Objectives. Social support for physical activity is reliably associated with regular physical activity, however the social cognitive processes, particularly post‐intentional processes, that can explain this link have not been well characterized. In this study, we examined the extent to which the relationship between social support for physical activity and subsequent physical activity can be accounted for by planning processes.Design and method. The design was prospective observational and the sample consisted of 903 university students. Participants completed standard theory of planned behaviour, planning, and physical activity measures at 2 time points, approximately 7 weeks apart. A gender stratified multiple mediation model was conducted to test the study hypotheses.Results. A significant interaction between social support and gender was observed. This indicated that lower levels of social support for physical activity were associated with lower levels of physical activity at Time 2, for women only. In multiple mediation analysis, this was partly explained by the indirect effects of social support through perceived behavioural control and coping planning.Conclusion. These findings highlight the importance of interpersonal processes in understanding the post‐intentional social cognitive determinants of regular physical activity. It is likely that planning processes relating to physical activity are often influenced by those in the ongoing immediate social environment who support this behaviour. Future development of theory and interventions should take account of the socially interactive nature of planning processes.
Il mare in tempesta nel De autexusio di Metodio d'Olimpo e nell'Hexaemeron di Giorgio di Pisidia
Authors: Franchi Roberta 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The article offers a fundamental comparison between a passage in the dialogue of Methodius of Olympus calles De libero arbitrio, and one in the Hexaemeron of George of Pisidia. The starting point is represented by a description of the stormy sea, contained in the De libero arbitrio. After a poetical scene full of epical elements (high waves reach the sky and are like mountains), Methodius gives us an original representation of the sea: as the servant can't refuse to obey his master and mumbles by himself, so the sea has to restrain its anger and remain in its limits, even if it wants to be free. According to Job 38.11, it is forced to sacrifice its will, because there is a divine power that governs the universe. This passage may have influenced the composition of George of Pisidia. In fact, in his Hexaemeron the poet has come to personify the sea, first of all, with the image of a fugitive slave, then with a Bacchante who, taken by an impulse, wishes to go beyond the limits, and finally, with a female slave who is dragged away; this is created to support the conception that nature, in spite of natural impulse, is not independent and free, but is governed by God. Even if George of Pisidia inserts in his scene more details, the comparison of the sea with human subjects and the impossibility for it to be free refer to Methodius' passage. That the poet knew Methodius' writings is confirmed by one of his epigrams, in which he praises the bearing of the style of Methodius' works, based on evident lines of reasoning and divine inspiration.
Potassium – reference intervals for lithium-heparin plasma and serum from a population-based cohort / Kalium – Referenzbereiche für Lithium-Heparin-Plasma und Serum aus einer bevölkerungsbezogenen Studie
Authors: Drogies Tim , Ittermann Till , Lüdemann Jan , Klinke Doris , Kohlmann Thomas , Lubenow Norbert , Greinacher Andreas , Völzke Henry , Nauck Matthias 
Published: February 2010

Abstract

Background: Serum, as a standard material for the determination of numerous analytes, has disadvantages. The coagulation process leads to an artificial increase of the potassium concentration of approximately 0.3 mmol/L in serum samples compared to plasma. Consequently, plasma reflects the in vivo situation more accurately. The aim of the present analyses was to establish reference intervals (RIs) for potassium using data from a population-based study for serum (PS) and plasma (PP).

Methods: Serum was used from 2897 subjects aged 20–79 years, participating in the 5-year follow-up of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP 1), a population-based study in northeast Germany. In addition, 2483 samples (serum and plasma) from a population of blood donors (DONOR-SHIP) were used. Finally, calculated RIs were reevaluated in 202,350 potassium values from hospitalized patients. All measurements were performed on a Siemens Dimension RxL Max HM with ion-selective electrodes. Using the sample pairs from DONOR-SHIP, a regression formula for the transformation of PS to PP was calculated. This formula was applied to the serum data from SHIP 1 to calculate corresponding plasma values. RIs (2.5th and 97.5th percentile) were defined with quantile regression and bootstrap method in SHIP 1.

Results: RIs for PS and PP were 3.7–5.1 mmol/L and 3.5–4.6 mmol/L, respectively. Clinically relevant age- or sex-specific tendencies were not detected. The difference between PS and PP is dependent on platelet count and potassium concentration.

Conclusions: The study permitted the establishment of RIs for PS and PP on a population-based study. For serum, the influence of platelet count and absolute potassium concentration on the results should be taken into account.
Performance Tests for the Selection of Fabrics and Additives When Used as Geotextile Bags, Containers, and Tubes
Authors: Koerner Robert M. , Koerner George R. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
There are two performance tests available for the selection of fabrics and additives when contemplating a geotextile bag, container, or tube application. They are the “hanging bag test” and the “pillow test.” Both tests are described in this paper along with data generated by their use. While both can be used for selection purposes, the advantages of the pillow test over the hanging bag test are quite compelling. Items favoring the pillow test are much smaller size, need for less dredged or slurried infill material, better field simulated orientation, and the capability of monitoring hydraulic head versus time behavior. This last item is most important since dredging pressures are always involved and the simulated behavior of the pillow test gives good insight into the anticipated behavior of the full-scale application.
Randomized GH trial with two different dosages in combination with a GnRH analogue in short small for gestational age children: effects on metabolic profile and serum GH, IGF1, and IGFBP3 levels
Authors: van der Kaay Daniëlle , Bakker Boudewijn , van der Hulst Flip , Mul Dick , Mulder Jaap , Schroor Eelco , van Elswijk Denise , Rowaan Inge , Willeboer Merel , de Ridder Maria , Hokken-Koelega Anita 
Published: February 2010

BackgroundGnRH analogue (GnRHa) combined with GH treatment has been proposed to increase adult height. Effect on metabolic profile and GH, IGF1, and IGFBP3 levels in short small for gestational age (SGA) children is unknown.ObjectiveTo assess fat mass and lean body mass SDS, percentage trunk fat, blood pressure (BP), insulin sensitivity (Si), β-cell function (disposition index, DI), lipid profile, and GH, IGF1, and IGFBP3 levels during 2 years of combined treatment.SubjectsForty-one pubertal short SGA children with a mean (±s.d.) age of 12.1 (±1.0) years.DesignChildren received 3.75 mg of leuprolide acetate depot subcutaneously every 4 weeks, and they were randomly assigned to receive 1 mg (group A) or 2 mg (group B) of GH/m2per day.ResultsPercentage trunk fat increased in both groups, but to a lower extent in group B. Lean body mass SDS increased only in group B. Changes in BP, Si, DI, and lipids were similar in both groups. Si significantly decreased, but DI remained unchanged. Lipids remained normal. GH and IGF1 levels were significantly higher in group B.ConclusionOur study is the first to report that 2 years of combined treatment with a GnRHa and either 1 or 2 mg GH/m2per day does not adversely affect body composition and metabolic profile of short SGA children who come under medical attention at the onset of puberty. There was a dose-dependent effect on fat mass SDSheight, percentage trunk fat, lean body mass SDSheight, and GH and IGF1 levels in favor of treatment with GnRHa and the higher GH dose of 2 mg/m2per day.
An Auxiliary Silencer and a Boundary Element Maintain High Levels of Silencing Proteins atHMRinSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Lynch Patrick J , Rusche Laura N 
Published: February 2010

AbstractHeterochromatin is notable for its capacity to propagate along a chromosome. The prevailing model for this spreading process postulates that silencing proteins are first recruited to silencer sequences and then spread from these sites independently of the silencers. However, we found that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae silencers also influence the extent of silenced chromatin domains. We compared the abilities of two different silencers, HMR-E and a telomeric repeat, to promote silencing and found that the HMR-E silencer contributed to an increased steady-state association of Sir proteins over a region of several kilobase pairs compared to the telomeric repeat, even though both silencers recruited similar levels of Sir proteins. We also discovered that, although the HMR-E silencer alone was sufficient to block transcription of the HMR locus, a secondary silencer, HMR-I, boosted the level of Sir proteins at HMR, apparently beyond the level necessary to repress transcription. Finally, we discovered that a tRNAThr gene near HMR-I helped maintain silenced chromatin and transcriptional repression under conditions of reduced deacetylase activity. This study highlights the importance of auxiliary elements, such as HMR-I and the tRNAThr gene, in enhancing the association of Sir silencing proteins with appropriate genomic locations, thereby buffering the capacity of silenced chromatin to assemble under suboptimal conditions.
Regulation of Septum Formation by the Bud3–Rho4 GTPase Module inAspergillus nidulans
Authors: Si Haoyu , Justa-Schuch Daniela , Seiler Stephan , Harris Steven D 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe ability of fungi to generate polarized cells with a variety of shapes likely reflects precise temporal and spatial control over the formation of polarity axes. The bud site selection system of Saccharomyces cerevisiae represents the best-understood example of such a morphogenetic regulatory system. However, the extent to which this system is conserved in the highly polarized filamentous fungi remains unknown. Here, we describe the functional characterization and localization of the Aspergillus nidulans homolog of the axial bud site marker Bud3. Our results show that AnBud3 is not required for polarized hyphal growth per se, but is involved in septum formation. In particular, our genetic and biochemical evidence implicates AnBud3 as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the GTPase Rho4. Additional results suggest that the AnBud3–Rho4 module acts downstream of the septation initiation network to mediate recruitment of the formin SepA to the site of contractile actin ring assembly. Our observations provide new insight into the signaling pathways that regulate septum formation in filamentous fungi.
Activation of Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins in the Absence of Scap in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Matthews Krista A , Ozdemir Cafer , Rawson Robert B 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The escort factor Scap is essential in mammalian cells for regulated activation of sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs). SREBPs are membrane-bound transcription factors. Cells lacking Scap cannot activate SREBP. They are therefore deficient in the transcription of numerous genes involved in lipid synthesis and uptake; they cannot survive in the absence of exogenous lipid. Here we report that, in contrast to mammalian cells, Drosophila completely lacking dscap are viable. Flies lacking dscap emerge at ∼70% of the expected rate and readily survive as homozygous stocks. These animals continue to cleave dSREBP in some tissues. Transcription of dSREBP target genes in dscap mutant larvae is reduced compared to wild type. It is greater than in mutants lacking dSREBP and remains responsive to dietary lipids in dscap mutants. Flies lacking dscap do not require the caspase Drice to activate dSREBP. This contrasts with ds2p mutants. ds2p encodes a protease that releases the transcription factor domain of dSREBP from the membrane. Larvae doubly mutant for dscap and ds2p exhibit phenotypes similar to those of ds2p single mutants. Thus, dScap and dS2P, essential components of the SREBP activation machinery in mammalian cells, are dispensable in Drosophila owing to different compensatory mechanisms.
Optimization of Multiple Transverse Hydraulic Fractures in Horizontal Wellbores
Authors: Meyer Bruce R. , Bazan Lucas W. , Jacot R. Henry , Lattibeaudiere Michael G. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling are the two key technologies that have made the development of unconventional shale formations economical. Hydraulic fracturing has been the major and relatively inexpensive stimulation method used for enhanced oil and gas recovery in the petroleum industry since 1949. The multi-stage and multicluster per stage fracture treatments in horizontal wellbores create a large stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) that increases both production and estimated ultimate recovery (EUR).
This paper presents a new analytical solution methodology for predicting the behavior of multiple patterned transverse vertical hydraulic fractures intercepting horizontal wellbores. The numerical solution is applicable for finite-conductivity vertical fractures in rectangular shaped reservoirs. The mathematical formulation is based on the method of images with no flow boundaries for symmetrical patterns. An economics procedure is also presented for optimizing transverse fracture spacing and number of fracture stages/clusters to maximize the Net Present Value (NPV) and Discounted Return on Investment (DROI).
The advantages of this approximate analytical production solution for multiple finite-conductivity vertical transverse fractures in horizontal wells and corresponding optimization procedure include: 1) the solution is based on fundamental engineering principles, 2) the production and interference of multiple transverse fractures are predicted to a first-order, and 3) it provides the basis for optimizing fracture and cluster spacing based on NPV and DROI, not just initial production rate. The methodology provides a simple way to predict the production behavior (including interaction) and associated economics of multi-stage/multi-cluster transverse fracture spacing scenarios in horizontal wellbores.
The high initial production (IP) rates from multiple transverse fractures and the late time production decline as a result of fracture interference is discussed. Numerous examples are presented illustrating the method for optimizing (maximizing NPV and DROI) multiple transverse vertical hydraulic fractures in horizontal wellbores.
Application of this technique will help provide the design engineer with a better tool for designing and optimizing multi-stage/multi-cluster transverse hydraulic fractures in horizontal wellbores. The governing production equations and fundamental procedure for NPV and DROI optimization of transverse fractures in a horizontal wellbore are discussed.
Petrophysical Considerations in Evaluating and Producing Shale Gas Resources
Authors: Sondergeld C. H. , Newsham K. E. , Comisky J. T. , Rice M. C. , Rai C. S. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
We present a practical assessment of petrophysical properties of shales and their measurement in the lab and via logs. Gasbearing shale present unique measurement challenges due to their ultra-low permeability and complicated pore volume connectivity. The combination of low intrinsic permeability and gas sorption effects renders these reservoirs "unconventional". Advances in horizontal drilling and hydraulic stimulation have transformed gas-shale resources into economic reserves. Given their economic significance, there is a strong drive to understand gas shale petrophysical property measurements, both in the laboratory and in the subsurface. We note that various core analysis protocols are used in different laboratories leading to physical property measurements that are inconsistent, even when measured on identical sample sets. In addition, log analysis of kerogen-rich shale is ‘unconventional’ compared to classical techniques used in tight gas sands.
As shale gas evaluation is becoming widely practiced among service companies and operators, we will focus on three reservoir assessment categories: storage capacity (gas-in-place), flow capacity (gas deliverability) and mechanical properties impacting hydraulic stimulation. Within each of these categories we have identified influential petrophysical properties such as rock composition, total organic carbon (TOC) content, porosity, saturation, permeability and mechanical properties. Specifically, we demonstrate the importance of estimating accurate mineral and kerogen content as these properties directly impact rock quality, hydraulic fracturing protocols, and gas-in-place estimations. In reviewing these practices, we also will show the need and possible direction of new technologies that will be required for making evaluations more accurate and quantitative in the future.
An Evaluation of Microseismic Monitoring of Lenticular Tight-Sandstone Stimulations
Authors: Warpinski N. R. , Waltman C. K. , Weijers L. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Microseismic monitoring in lenticular tight gas formations has a number of challenging issues associated with both analysis and interpretation. The heterogeneous nature of the reservoir and the typically small microseismic-event amplitudes make it essential to understand the limits of interpretation that should be applied in these reservoirs. With proper care, fracture lengths and azimuth, along with zonal coverage, are readily obtainable. However, fracture-height growth in these complex reservoirs needs to be carefully assessed. Microseismic data provides a level of self-QC potential through the use of a magnitude-distance assessment to guide interpretation and design. Hydraulic fractures observed in these reservoirs tend to be long penetrating fractures that wander through the distributed-sand lenses, with modest height growth in most projects.
Proppant Diagenesis: Results So Far
Authors: LaFollette Randy F. , Carman Paul S. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Proppant diagenesis, as a topic of discussion in the industry, tends to generate negative reactions. Potential solutions, such as un-reactive coatings, cost money. Early research was done at substantially higher temperatures than many considered realistic, but was an attempt to shorten test times in order to begin to understand the phenomenon. Regardless of objections and negative reactions, the subject needs to be understood, because long term well performance implications may be significant.
The purpose of this paper is to present a progress report on the results of long-term proppant diagenesis tests using coated and uncoated proppants, with and without shale reservoir rock present in the test cell, and in the presence of fluids of varying composition. Test philosophy and methods are described. Test results are documented using electron micrographs as well as chemical analysis and particle strength tests. Specific changes in fluid chemistry that result from contact with proppant and shale at reservoir temperature will also be a focus of the paper.