bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the propylene glycol association on some physical and chemical properties of mineral trioxide aggregate
Authors: Duarte M. A. H. , Alves de Aguiar K. , Zeferino M. A. , Vivan R. R. , Ordinola‐Zapata R. , Tanomaru‐Filho M. , Weckwerth P. H. , Kuga M. C. 
Published: January 2012

Duarte MAH, Alves de Aguiar K, Zeferino MA, Vivan RR, Ordinola‐Zapata R, Tanomaru‐Filho M, Weckwerth PH, Kuga MC. Evaluation of the propylene glycol association on some physical and chemical properties of mineral trioxide aggregate. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 565–570, 2012.AbstractAim  To evaluate the influence of propylene glycol (PG) on the flowability, setting time, pH and calcium ion release of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA).Methodology  Mineral trioxide aggregate was mixed with different proportions of PG, as follows: group 1: MTA + 100% distilled water (DW); group 2: MTA + 80% DW and 20% PG; group 3: MTA + 50% DW and 50% PG; group 4: MTA + 20% DW and 80% PG; group 5: MTA + 100% PG. The ANSI/ADA No. 57 was followed for evaluating the flowability and the setting time was measured by using ASTM C266‐08. For pH and calcium release analyses, 50 acrylic teeth with root‐end cavities were filled with the materials (n = 10) and individually immersed in flasks containing 10 mL deionized water. After 3 h, 24 h, 72 h and 168 h, teeth were placed in new flasks and the water in which each specimen was immersed had its pH determined by a pH metre and the calcium release measured by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer with a calcium‐specific hollow cathode lamp. Data were analysed by using one‐way anova test for global comparison and by using Tukey’s test for individual comparisons.Results  The highest value of flowability was observed with MTA + 20% DW and 80% PG and the lowest values were found with MTA + 100% DW. They were significantly different compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). The presence of PG did not affect the pH and calcium release. The MTA + 100% PG favoured the highest (P < 0.05) pH and calcium release after 3 h. Increasing the PG proportion interfered (P < 0.05) with the setting time; when used at the volume of 100% setting did not occur.Conclusion  The addition of PG to MTA‐Angelus increased its setting time, improved flowability and increased the pH and calcium ion release during the initial post‐mixing periods. The ratio of 80% DW – 20% PG is recommended.
Presence of Not5 and ubiquitinated Rps7A in polysome fractions depends upon the Not4 E3 ligase
Authors: Panasenko Olesya O. , Collart Martine A. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryIn this study, we determine that Saccharomyces cerevisiae Not4 E3 ligase ubiquitinates Rps7A in vivo and in vitro, but not its paralogue, Rps7B. Ubiquitinated Rps7A is detectable only in 80S and polysomes, but not in free 40S fractions. A different role of the Rps7 paralogues in vivo is supported by the observation that the deletion of Rps7A but not Rps7B is sensitive to translational inhibitors and leads to an accumulation of aggregated proteins. An important accumulation of aggregated proteins that include ribosomal proteins and ribosome‐associated chaperones is also observed in cells lacking Not4. A contribution of Not4 to ribosomal function extending beyond Rps7A ubiquitination is supported by the observation that the deletion of Not4 displays a synthetic slow growth phenotype when combined with the deletion of either one of the two Rps7 paralogues. Not4 is detectable in polysome fractions, as are other subunits of the Ccr4–Not complex such as Not5. The optimal presence of Not5 in polysomes is dependent upon Not4 and the deletion of Not5 leads to a dramatic reduction of polysomes. These results lead us to suggest that Not4 contributes to normal polysome levels and is important for cellular protein solubility maybe in part by ubiquitination of Rps7A.
Renal allograft loss in the first post‐operative month: causes and consequences
Authors: Phelan Paul J. , O’Kelly Patrick , Tarazi Munir , Tarazi Nadim , Salehmohamed M. Ridhwaan , Little Dilly M. , Magee Colm , Conlon Peter J. 
Published: January 2012

Phelan PJ, O’Kelly P, Tarazi M, Tarazi N, Salehmohamed MR, Little DM, Magee C, Conlon PJ. Renal allograft loss in the first post‐operative month: causes and consequences.Abstract:  Early transplant failure is a devastating outcome after kidney transplantation. We report the causes and consequences of deceased donor renal transplant failure in the first 30 d at our center between January 1990 and December 2009. Controls were adult deceased donor transplant patients in the same period with an allograft that functioned >30 d. The incidence of early graft failure in our series of 2381 consecutive deceased donor transplants was 4.6% (n = 109). The causes of failure were allograft thrombosis (n = 48; 44%), acute rejection (n = 19; 17.4%), death with a functioning allograft (n = 17; 15.6%), primary non‐function (n = 14; 12.8%), and other causes (n = 11; 10.1%). Mean time to allograft failure was 7.3 d. There has been a decreased incidence of all‐cause early failure from 7% in 1990 to <1% in 2009. Patients who developed early failure had longer cold ischemia times when compared with patients with allografts lasting >30 d (p < 0.001). Early allograft failure was strongly associated with reduced patient survival (p < 0.001). In conclusion, early renal allograft failure is associated with a survival disadvantage, but has thankfully become less common in recent years.
Retrograde Tracing with Fluorescent Microspheres Reveals Bifurcating Projections from Central Retina to Tectum and Thalamus in Chicks
Authors: Cao J. , Naito J. , Chen Y. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryThe goal of this study is to demonstrate the dual‐projection pattern of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) projecting to the tectum and visual thalamus in chick using retrograde fluorescent tracers and also to define the morphological properties of these RGCs with dual projections by intracellular injection of Lucifer Yellow (LY) combined with immunohistochemistry. Thirty‐two chicks received double injections of green and red fluorescent microspheres into their thalamus and tectum in the same side. In the central retina, most of the labelled RGCs were tec‐RGCs (RGCs projecting to the tectum), a quarter was tha‐RGCs (RGCs projecting to the thalamus), and almost all of the tha‐RGCs were double‐labelled RGCs. An intracellular injection of LY into the double‐labelled RGCs showed all six groups of RGCs without specific populations in each group (J. Comp. Neurol., 2004, 469: 360). These dendritic patterns were mostly mono‐ and bistrata, which extended horizontally in the deeper part of the inner plexiform layer.
Cell lineage and cis‐regulation for a unique GABAergic/glycinergic neuron type in the larval nerve cord of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis
Authors: Nishitsuji Koki , Horie Takeo , Ichinose Aoi , Sasakura Yasunori , Yasuo Hitoyoshi , Kusakabe Takehiro G. 
Published: January 2012

The tunicate Ciona intestinalis larva has a simple central nervous system (CNS), consisting of fewer than 400 cells, which is homologous to the vertebrate CNS. Recent studies have revealed neuronal types and networks in the larval CNS of C. intestinalis, yet their cell lineage and the molecular mechanism by which particular types of neurons are specified and differentiate remain poorly understood. Here, we report cell lineage origin and a cis‐regulatory module for the anterior caudal inhibitory neurons (ACINs), a putative component of the central pattern generator regulating swimming locomotion. The vesicular GABA/glycine transporter gene Ci‐VGAT, a specific marker for GABAergic/glycinergic neurons, is expressed in distinct sets of neurons, including ACINs of the tail nerve cord and others in the brain vesicle and motor ganglion. Comparative genomics analysis between C. intestinalis and Ciona savignyi and functional analysis in vivo identified the cis‐regulatory module responsible for Ci‐VGAT expression in ACINs. Our cell lineage analyses inferred that ACINs derive from A11.116 cells, which have been thought to solely give rise to glial ependymal cells of the lateral wall of the nerve cord. The present findings will provide a solid basis for future studies addressing the molecular mechanism underlying specification of ACINs, which play a critical role in controlling larval locomotion.
Effects of iron on the growth and minimal fluorescence yield of three marine Synechococcus strains (Cyanophyceae)
Authors: Liu Shuwen , Juneau Philippe , Qiu Baosheng 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYTwo coastal Synechococcus stains PCC 7002 and CC9311 and one oceanic strain WH8102 were cultured with 4–1000 nM Fe in Aquil medium. Compared with those under iron‐replete conditions, their growth rates were significantly decreased by 59% for WH8102 at 15 nM Fe, by 37% for CC9311 at 15 nM Fe and by 57% for PCC 7002 at 4 nM Fe. Among these three strains, PCC 7002 was the most tolerant to iron limitation while WH8102 was the most sensitive to iron limitation. For each strain under the same iron concentration, the growth rates calculated from the minimal fluorescence yield and cell concentration showed no significant difference. The linear correlation was established between the minimal fluorescence yield and cell concentration although the minimal fluorescence yield per cell varied depending on the strains and iron levels. Under iron‐replete conditions, the minimal fluorescence yield per cell was 100‐fold higher for the phycoerythrin‐lacking strain PCC 7002 than two phycoerythrin‐containing strains WH8102 and CC9311. Under iron‐deplete conditions, it was increased respectively by 128% and 7% for WH8102 and CC9311 but was decreased by 30% for PCC 7002. Furthermore, the minimal fluorescence yield per cell for PCC 7002 and CC9311 showed little difference throughout the light and dark diel cycle. However, it was significantly higher for WH8102 in the daytime than in the dark.
Association of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in childhood with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and respiratory symptoms in adults
Authors: JOHANNESSEN ANE , BAKKE PER S. , HARDIE JON A. , EAGAN TOMAS M. L. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is associated with impaired lung function in childhood, which in turn, is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adulthood. However, little is known regarding the direct association between childhood exposure to ETS and the development of COPD. The main objective of the present study was to examine the associations between childhood ETS exposure and adult COPD and respiratory symptoms.Methods:  Patients with COPD (n = 433) and control subjects (n = 325) participated in the Bergen COPD Cohort Study during 2006–2009. Participants performed spirometry and answered extensive questionnaires. The risk factors for COPD, morning cough, cough with phlegm, chronic cough and dyspnoea were examined using logistic regression analysis. Analyses were stratified by gender.Results:  The prevalence of childhood exposure to ETS was 61%. After adjustment, women who were exposed to ETS during childhood had a higher risk of COPD than those who were not exposed: odds ratio 1.9, 95% confidence interval 1.0, 3.7. Other important predictors for COPD and respiratory symptoms among women were occupational dust exposure (COPD), family history of COPD (COPD, all symptoms), current exposure to ETS in the home (morning cough) and education (COPD, dyspnoea). ETS exposure during childhood was associated with respiratory symptoms among males (odds ratios 1.5–1.7). Risk factors for COPD among men were occupational dust exposure, family history of COPD and level of education. Occupational dust exposure and family history of COPD also predicted dyspnoea among males.Conclusions:  Exposure to ETS during childhood was associated with COPD and respiratory symptoms in adulthood. Although active smoking is still the most important risk factor for COPD, reduction of childhood ETS exposure could contribute to the prevention of COPD and respiratory symptoms.
Effects of budesonide/formoterol combination therapy versus budesonide alone on airway dimensions in asthma
Authors: HOSHINO MAKOTO , OHTAWA JUNICHI 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  Combination therapy with inhaled corticosteroids and long‐acting β2‐agonists results in improved asthma symptom control compared with the use of inhaled corticosteroids alone. However, the effects of combination therapy on structural changes and inflammation of the airways are still unknown. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of budesonide/formoterol with those of budesonide alone on airway dimensions and inflammation in individuals with asthma.Methods:  Fifty asthmatic patients were randomized to treatment with budesonide/formoterol (200/6 µg, two inhalations bd) or budesonide (200 µg, two inhalations bd) for 24 weeks. Airway dimensions were assessed using a validated computed tomography technique, and airway wall area (WA) corrected for body surface area (BSA), percentage WA (WA%), wall thickness/Ösquare root BSA, and luminal area (Ai)/BSA at the right apical segmental bronchus, were measured. The percentage of eosinophils in induced sputum, pulmonary function, and Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaires (AQLQ) were also evaluated.Results:  There were significantly greater decreases in WA/BSA (P < 0.05), WA% (P < 0.001) and wall thickness/square root BSA (P < 0.05), and increases in Ai/BSA (P < 0.05), in subjects treated with budesonide/formoterol compared with those treated with budesonide. The reduction in sputum eosinophils and increase in per cent of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1%) were greater for subjects treated with budesonide/formoterol compared with those treated with budesonide alone. In the budesonide/formoterol group, the changes in WA% were significantly correlated with changes in sputum eosinophils and FEV1% (r = 0.84 and r = 0.64, respectively). There were improvements in the AQLQ scores after treatment with budesonide/formoterol.Conclusions:  Budesonide/formoterol combination therapy is more effective than budesonide alone for reducing airway wall thickness and inflammation in individuals with asthma.
Pauropoda (Myriapoda) from indigenous high‐country tussock grassland in New Zealand with descriptions of two new genera and eight new species
Authors: Scheller Ulf , Barratt Barbara I P 
Published: January 2012

AbstractTwo collections of Pauropoda (Myriapoda) from soil cores in high‐country subalpine and alpine tussock grassland in New Zealand contained 757 specimens representing 11 species, eight of which are recognised as new to science, including two representing new genera. The following new taxa are described here by the first author: Ataktopauropus Scheller gen. n. for Ataktopauropus adaios Scheller sp. n., Decapauropus orestes Scheller sp. n., Decapauropus undulatus Scheller sp. n., Nesopauropus upsilon Scheller sp. n., Pauropus otagoensis Scheller sp. n., Pounamupauropus Scheller gen. n. for Pounamupauropus bartonae Scheller sp. n. and Stylopauropoides vesica Scheller sp. n. (all seven species in family Pauropodidae), and Borneopauropus neozelandicus Scheller sp. n. (family Brachypauropodidae). The genera Nesopauropus Scheller and Borneopauropus Scheller are reported from New Zealand for the first time.
Beetle communities associated with the tree fernDicksonia antarcticaLabill. in Tasmania
Authors: Fountain‐Jones Nicholas M , McQuillan Peter B , Grove Simon 
Published: January 2012

AbstractTree ferns are a conspicuous element of many wet forests in Australia, and in increasing demand in export markets, but little is known about their beetle fauna. The tree fernDicksonia antarcticaLabill. was sampled over four seasons at four sites in Tasmania. A total of 108 species of beetles, representing 35 families, were collected from three discrete microhabitats on 80 individual tree ferns. Beetle numbers were highest in the crown litter, then live fronds and least from the trunk. Curculionoids were the most diverse and abundant group of beetles and an anthribid genus,XynotropisBlackburn, was most numerous. The crown litter was numerically dominated by species from four families, Anthribidae, Leiodidae, Ptiliidae and Staphylinidae. Two other families, Latridiidae and Coccinellidae, were most abundant on the live fronds, while Tenebrionidae, Staphylinidae and Anthribidae were common on the trunks. Predators, followed by fungivores contributed the highest proportion of species richness, however fungivores, spore‐feeders and detritivores were most abundant as individuals. Despite a large foliar biomass, herbivores were notably few in numbers and diversity. The beetle assemblage on each of the three microhabitats associated with tree ferns was distinctive and characterised by sets of species that displayed some degree of geographical variation. Indicator analysis revealed that 13 species were broadly characteristic of site‐by‐microhabitat combinations. For exported tree ferns, the beetle fauna appears to be low in pest potential.
Heterostyly and the possibility of its breakdown by polyploidization
Authors: NAIKI AKIYO 
Published: January 2012

AbstractHeterostyly is a genetically controlled sexual polymorphism promoting outcrossing by animal pollinators. The occurrence of heterostyly in angiosperms was investigated, and 199 genera in 28 families in 15 orders were recognized as taxa that contain heterostylous species. A correlation between the occurrence of heterostyly and ploidy level was found in some limited groups in Primulaceae and Rubiaceae. In such taxa, individuals with a lower ploidy level tended to have heterostyly and individuals with a higher ploidy level tended to have monomorphic flowers. It appears reasonable that the first step of the breakdown of heterostyly was the recombination of the supergene in a diploid heterostylous plant, and then poyploidization incidentally occurred. Polyploidization itself does not necessarily appear to have direct effects on the breakdown of heterostyly.
Seed dispersal effectiveness increases with body size in New Zealand alpine scree weta (Deinacrida connectens)
Authors: LARSEN HANNAH , BURNS KEVIN C. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWeta are giant, flightless orthopterans that are endemic to New Zealand. Although they are known to consume fleshy fruits and disperse seeds after gut passage, which is unusual among insects, their effectiveness as seed dispersal mutualists is debated. We conducted a series of laboratory experiments on alpine scree weta (Deinacrida connectens) and mountain snowberries (Gaultheria depressa) to investigate how fruit consumption rates, the proportion of ingested seeds dispersed intact and weta movement patterns vary with weta body sizes. On average weta dispersed 252 snowberry seeds nightly and travelled at a rate of 4 m min−1. However, seed dispersal effectiveness varied over three orders of magnitude and was strongly associated with body sizes. Smaller weta consumed few snowberry seeds and acted primarily as seed predators. On the other hand, the largest weta consumed and dispersed thousands of seeds each night and appear to be capable of transporting seeds over large distances. Overall results indicate that scree weta shift from being weakly interacting seed predators to strongly interacting, effective seed dispersers as they increase in size.
Detecting change in an Australian flowering record: Comparisons of linear regression and cumulative sum analysis change point analysis
Authors: KEATLEY MARIE R. , HUDSON IRENE L. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractLinear regression and cumulative sum analysis (CUSUM) change point analyses were used to determine whether there had been a significant change in the first flowering date between 1983 and 2006 for 65 species. Both methods agreed that the first flowering date of 47 species did not change and that eight species had a significant change (P < 0.05) in their flowering. Three species shifted to later flowering and five species to earlier. Over the observation period, each method found that the average shift to later flowering was greater (37.4 days or approx. 1.56 days per year for CUSUM change point analysis and 51.4 days or 2.14 days per year for linear regression) than that to earlier flowering (28.4 days or approx. 1.20 days per year for change point analysis and 46.5 days or 1.97 days per year for linear regression). For the remaining 10 species the results of linear regression and change point methods differed. Each method found five species (three earlier flowering and two later) to have a significantly changed first flowering date over their observation period, where the other method did not. Some of these differences can be attributed to the fact that the CUSUM method can detect multiple change points whereas linear regression can not. Significant change points in first flowering date were identified for 13 species between the years 1987 to 1998. The most frequent year identified as a change point year was 1995. The two methods, although not interchangeable, had strong agreement (84.6%) in detecting shifts. This gives greater confidence that a change in flowering has occurred for eight species and equally importantly, that no change in first flowering date has occurred for 47 species.
Low temperature tolerance and starvation ability of the oak processionary moth: implications in a context of increasing epidemics
Authors: Meurisse Nicolas , Hoch Gernot , Schopf Axel , Battisti Andrea , Grégoire Jean‐Claude 
Published: January 2012

We investigated how modifications in winter and spring temperature conditions may affect the survival of a spring‐hatching Lepidoptera, the oak processionary moth Thaumetopoea processionea.
Supercooling and chilling injury experiments indicate that eggs are especially cold hardy at the start of the winter period, although this ability is reduced later in the season. In the spring, young larvae are sufficiently cold hardy to ensure no direct mortality as a result of late frosts.
A comparison of phenological models shows that neonate larvae may await the unfolding of new oak leaves for relatively long periods (e.g. 1–30 days). Under both low (4°C after 5 days at 16°C) and high temperature experimental scenarios (constant 16°C), the majority of neonate larvae can survive starvation for more than 2 weeks.
Larvae may also suffer from food depletion once their development has been initiated (e.g. during cold springs) if the threshold temperature for feeding is not reached for several consecutive days, or in the case of late frosts affecting foliage availability. When temperature is reduced to 4°C, developing larvae become inactive and do not feed anymore; their starvation survival capability is reduced to approximately 2 weeks (cold spring hypothesis). At 16°C, developing larvae that are deprived of food can only survive for 10 days (late frost hypothesis).
We conclude that, in the oak processionary moth, neonate larvae are relatively well adapted to early hatching relative to budburst, ensuring them the highest foliage quality for development. In some years, however, phenological asynchrony or cold spring conditions may affect the persistence of populations at the limits of the species' range.