bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathogenesis and treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Wood Andrew J , Douglas Richard G 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common diseases in western societies, causing significant morbidity and resulting in great financial cost. Some patients suffer persistent or recurrent symptoms despite receiving optimal medical and surgical treatment. The recent publication of revised diagnostic criteria and management guidelines will assist both clinical research and practice. Multiple theories have been advanced regarding the underlying pathogenesis including allergy, bacterial or fungal infection, genetic predisposition and structural anomalies, but at present the majority of cases are still considered idiopathic. Recent studies have shown that traditional laboratory culture techniques may fail to detect microorganisms growing within biofilms or within host mucosal cells. Both bacteria and fungi possess a number of mechanisms for both the evasion and modulation of host immune responses, including the formation of biofilms and the production of superantigens. Historically, treatments such as antibiotics that had been directed at putative causative agents have often been disappointing. There are, however, a broad range of medical and surgical therapies with proven efficacy available to the treating physician. Endoscopic surgical management is evolving rapidly, and there have been pronounced improvements in outcome and reduction in the risk of complications. Recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of this condition have led to some promising therapeutic developments, particularly in respect to topical treatments. Despite improvements in therapy, CRS remains a challenging condition to manage.
Rhodium-catalyzed Oxidative Coupling/Cyclization of Benzamides with Alkynes via C–H Bond Cleavage
Authors: Mochida Satoshi , Umeda Nobuyoshi , Hirano Koji , Satoh Tetsuya , Miura Masahiro 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Oxidative coupling of primary, secondary, and tertiary benzamides with internal alkynes proceeds efficiently under rhodium catalysis to selectively give the corresponding 1:1 and 1:2 coupling products, accompanied by C–H and/or N–H bond cleavages. Some of the products exhibit intense fluorescence in the solid state.
Physicochemical Properties of Glyme–Li Salt Complexes as a New Family of Room-temperature Ionic Liquids
Authors: Tamura Takashi , Yoshida Kazuki , Hachida Takeshi , Tsuchiya Mizuho , Nakamura Megumi , Kazue Yuichi , Tachikawa Naoki , Dokko Kaoru , Watanabe Masayoshi 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Certain glyme–Li salt complexes, which are composed of equimolar mixtures of a glyme and a Li salt, are liquid under ambient conditions with physicochemical properties such as high thermal stability, wide potential window, high ionic conductivity, and high Li+ transference number and can be regarded as a new family of room-temperature ionic liquids.
ESR Spectrum Attributed to Trisulfide Neutral Radical [RSS(R)S•R] of Protein Observed for α-Keratin Present in White Human Hair
Authors: Yanagi Naoki , Niwa Masanao , Sakurai Yasuhiro , Nakajima Akira , Kanaori Kenji , Tajima Kunihiko 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
ESR spectrum attributed to the trisulfide neutral radical of protein (RSS(R)S•R, g1 = 2.055, g2 = 2.035, and g3 = 2.000) is observed for the first time for α-keratin present in completely dried white human hair exposed to near-UV radiation under a helium atmosphere.
Cross Coupling of Arylboronic Acids with Imidazoles by Sulfonatocopper(II)(salen) Complex in Water
Authors: Wang Lixia , Jiang Zhaoqiong , Yu Lintao , Li Lili , Li Zhengkai , Zhou Xiangge 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
A mild and clean protocol for the cross coupling reactions between imidazoles and arylboronic acids has been developed in good to excellent yields up to 98% in the presence of sulfonatocopper(II)(salen) catalyst in water without addition of other additives and bases.
Novel Method for Construction of a Metal–Organic Monolayer–Si Structure Utilizing Thiol-terminated Monolayer Covalently Bonded to the Surface through Si–C Bonds
Authors: Fukumitsu Hitoshi , Masuda Takuya , Qu Deyu , Waki Yusuke , Noguchi Hidenori , Shimazu Katsuaki , Uosaki Kohei 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
An organic monolayer with a thiol group at its end was formed on a hydrogen-terminated (H–) Si(111) surface via Si–C covalent bond by hydrosilylation. PtCl42− complex ions were then immobilized on the thiol-terminated monolayer by immersing the substrate in an aqueous solution of K2PtCl4 using a strong interaction between the Pt complex and thiol groups. The immobilized Pt complexes were then reduced to Pt nanocluster by NaBH4. Precise surface structure was characterized and it is proven that Pt species were indeed deposited only on top of the thiol-terminated monolayer.
Die Ethnogenese der seldschukischen Türken im Urteil christlicher Geschichtsschreiber des 11. und 12. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Beihammer Alexander 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The present study deals with the oldest surviving written reactions of Byzantine and Christian Oriental authors to the emergence of the Seljuk Turks in the Middle East and Asia Minor, mainly focusing on recognizable elements of a preexisting collective knowledge concerning barbarian nomads in general and the Turks in particular, as well as on prevailing modes of perception and mentalities reflected in these texts. The first part, after providing a survey of the extant material and the particularities of each tradition in Greek, Syriac, Armenian and Latin, examines the account of the late eleventh-century historian John Scylitzes in comparison with that of the twelfth-century Syrian writer Michael Syrus. The former appears to be a diligent compilation of ancient ethnographic stereotypes with pieces of historical information originating from the official Muslim version of Seljuk court ideology. Michael Syrus' report, instead, stays closer to ancient ethnographic traditions enriched with elements from Turkic myths of origin and biblical allusions. In general, one realizes the author's intention to explain the Turks' intrusion into the Muslim World through a rational interpretation of mythical features with the aid of religious, political and ethnological arguments. The second part concerns itself with Byzantine perceptions of early Seljuk institutions, in particular the notion of an independent Seljuk sultanate on Anatolian soil, which allegedly came into existence in about 1080. A re-examination of Anna Comnena and other relevant sources clearly shows that modern scholars who accept these views as historical facts widely ignore the highly confused and anachronistic use of terms, names and facts in Anna's account, which in retrospect describes the situation of 1080 through the prism of the realities of about 1140.
Effect of Oral Rehydration Solution on Fatigue during Outdoor Work in a Hot Environment: A Randomized Crossover Study
Authors: Ishikawa Tomohisa , Tamura Hideru , Ishiguro Haruya , Yamaguchi Keiko , Minami Kazufumi 
Published: June 2010

Effect of Oral Rehydration Solution on Fatigue during Outdoor Work in a Hot Environment: A Randomized Crossover Study: Tomohisa Ishikawa, et al. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of MedicineObjectivesThe effects of an oral rehydration solution (ORS) on fatigue were studied in workers engaged in manual work during the summer.MethodsOne hundred and fifty‐three workers engaged in loading cargo onto aircraft at Tokyo International Airport who consented to participate in the study were the subjects. The study was carried out on two summer days with fine weather during the daytime shift. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups: with one group restricted to ORS intake and the other group having free‐choice of their favorite drink (FAD) in a randomized crossover study. The subjects were asked about the amount of beverage that they consumed and the type of FAD that they chose on the days of the survey. The effects of the ORS and the FAD were compared using a visual analogue scale (VAS) to determine the degree of fatigue experienced immediately after completing work.ResultsThe average wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) on the survey days was 30°C. The beverage intake during work was 1,000 ml for most participants and the most commonly chosen types of FAD were tea and coffee. The fatigue VAS was significantly lower on the ORS intake days than on the FAD intake days (50.0 ± 18.3 vs. 53.9 ± 16.3).ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that the intake of ORS during outdoor work in a hot environment would be effective for preventing industrial accidents and heat stroke. It is important to select an appropriate drink to ensure adequate intake of water and electrolytes.
Inferior Alveolar Nerve Injury in Implant Dentistry: Diagnosis, Causes, Prevention, and Management
Authors: Alhassani Ahmed Ali , AlGhamdi Ali Saad Thafeed 
Published: June 2010

AbstractInferior alveolar nerve injury is one of the most serious complications in implant dentistry. This nerve injury can occur during local anesthesia, implant osteotomy, or implant placement. Proper understanding of anatomy, surgical procedures, and implant systems and proper treatment planning is the key to reducing such an unpleasant complication. This review discusses the causes of inferior alveolar nerve injury and its diagnosis, prevention, and management.
Crown-to-Implant Ratios of Short-Length Implants
Authors: Birdi Hardeep , Schulte John , Kovacs Alejandro , Weed Meghan , Chuang Sung-Kiang 
Published: June 2010

AbstractExcessive crown-implant ratios have been cited in the literature as being detrimental to long-term implant survival. However, unfavorable crown-implant ratios have not yet been established. The primary aim of this study was to determine the crown-implant ratios of single-tooth implant-supported restorations on short-length implants in a clinical practice, and to evaluate the health of these implants via mesial and distal first bone-to-implant contact levels. Additionally, the relationship between crown-implant ratios and proximal first bone-to-implant contact levels will be evaluated. In this retrospective cohort study, the cohort was composed of 194 patients who possessed at least 1 single 5.7 mm or 6 mm length plateau design implant-supported restoration that had been surgically placed between February 1997 and December 2005. A chart review was performed to acquire the most recent radiographs in which both the entire crown and the implant were visible. The length of the crown and implant was measured directly from the radiographs using consistent magnification to calculate the crown-implant ratio. Mesial and distal first bone-to-implant contact levels were measured using 3 times magnification and were mathematically corrected for distortion. The last available radiograph was used to measure bone levels. Follow-up time was calculated from the day of implant placement to the date of the last available radiograph. Statistical analyses with analysis of variance mixed models were used. Data from 309 single implant-supported fixed restorations were tabulated and included in the study. The mean (SD) follow-up time was 20.9 (23.2) months, with a range of 15.6 to 122.8 months. The mean crown length (SD) was 13.4 (2.6) mm, with a range of 6.2 to 21.7 mm. The mean (SD) crown-implant ratio was 2.0 (0.4) and ranged from 0.9 to 3.2. The average mesial and distal first bone-to-implant contact levels (SD) measured from the radiographs were −0.2 (0.7) mm and −0.2 (0.9) mm, respectively. No statistically significant relationship was observed between increasing crown-implant ratios and decreasing mesial and distal first bone-to-implant contact levels around the implant with P values of .94 and .57, respectively. In this investigation, mesial and distal first bone-to-implant contact levels on short-length implants fall within the established guidelines for success. Also, there are no associations between crown-implant ratios and first bone-to-implant contact levels.
Zirconia Dental Implants: A Literature Review
Authors: Özkurt Zeynep , Kazazoğlu Ender 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Titanium and titanium alloys are widely used for fabrication of dental implants. Because of potential immunologic and possible esthetic compromises with titanium implants, novel implant technologies are being developed. However, these novel technologies must maintain the characteristics that provide titanium implants with their high success rates. Zirconia implants were introduced into dental implantology as an alternative to titanium implants. Zirconia seems to be a suitable implant material because of its toothlike color, mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and low plaque affinity. The aim of this study is to review clinical and research articles conducted on zirconia dental implants, compare them with titanium dental implants, and provide information on zirconia dental implant osseointegration and mechanical strength. Zirconia dental implants have the potential to become alternative dental implants to titanium dental implants, but they are not yet in routine clinical use.
Postoperative Assessment of Incisor Dental Implants Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Naitoh Munetaka , Nabeshima Hiromitsu , Hayashi Hisashi , Nakayama Takehiko , Kurita Kenichi , Ariji Eiichiro 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The bone configuration surrounding anterior dental implants was postoperatively assessed using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). In 21 patients with a mean age of 41.5 years, 36 implants placed in the incisor region were postoperatively evaluated using CBCT. The rate of bone-to-implant contact (%) was calculated. The mean rate of bone-to-implant contact on the labial side was 78.3% with and 65.3% without bone grafts. The postoperative findings of incisor implants could be assessed using CBCT.
In Situ Tooth Replica Custom Implant: Rationale, Material, and Technique
Authors: Ghuneim Wael Aly 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
This study introduced a new concept of an in situ, custom-made, tooth replica dental implant. It was obtained by injecting a self-set, nonresorbable polymer type bone graft substitute into the tooth socket after extraction. Based on its cited properties, new composite bone cement Cortoss was suggested. The properties were reviewed and evaluated. The technique of application was described with a simulation model presented that appeared simple. Apparently, immediate duplication of tooth anatomy was achieved; thus, the concept might have the potentials of spontaneous adaptation and stabilization, preservation of alveolar bone, increasing implant-bone surface area, better load distribution, and bone stimulation. Modifications were also described to manage cases of resorbed alveolar bone as well as long-standing extracted teeth. Investigations were still required to assess the performance of the material and if modifications would be needed.
Horizontal Ridge Augmentation Utilizing a Composite Graft of Demineralized Freeze-Dried Allograft, Mineralized Cortical Cancellous Chips, and a Biologically Degradable Thermoplastic Carrier Combined With a Resorbable Membrane: A Retrospective Evaluation of 73 Consecutively Treated Cases From Private Practices
Authors: Toscano Nicholas , Holtzclaw Danny , Mazor Ziv , Rosen Paul , Horowitz Robert , Toffler Michael 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Ridge deficiency is an unfortunate obstacle in the field of implant dentistry. Many techniques are available to rebuild the deficient ridge. Some of these techniques are associated with significant morbidity and often require a second surgical site. With the advent of guided bone regeneration (GBR), one may now graft the deficient ridge with decreased morbidity and without a second surgical site. The purpose of this retrospective consecutive case series from 5 private practices is to report on the outcomes of a composite material of demineralized freeze-dried allograft, mineralized cortical cancellous chips, and a biologically degradable thermoplastic carrier (Regenaform RT) when combined with a resorbable membrane for GBR of lateral ridge defects in human patients. The specific aim was to quantify clinical results through direct measurement. Data were obtained from 73 consecutively treated lateral ridge augmentations performed on 67 partial and/or completely edentate patients. Clinical data (presurgical ridge width, ridge width at implant placement, and bone density at implant placement) were obtained retrospectively from 5 private practices via an exhaustive retrospective chart review, which was pooled and averaged for analysis. The average gain in horizontal ridge width was 3.5 mm (range, 3–6 mm). The density of the bone was noted to be type 2 to 3, with type 3 being the predominant finding. This retrospective case series from 5 clinical private practices suggests that the use of a composite material of demineralized freeze-dried allograft, mineralized cortical cancellous chips, and a biologically degradable thermoplastic carrier, when covered by a resorbable collagen membrane for GBR, is an effective means of horizontal ridge augmentation.
Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal–Contaminated Soils: Natural Hyperaccumulation versus Chemically Enhanced Phytoextraction
Authors: Lombi E. , Zhao F.J. , Dunham S.J. , McGrath S.P. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTA pot experiment was conducted to compare two strategies of phytoremediation: natural phytoextraction using the Zn and Cd hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens J. Presl & C. Presl versus chemically enhanced phytoextraction using maize (Zea mays L.) treated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The study used an industrially contaminated soil and an agricultural soil contaminated with metals from sewage sludge. Three crops of T. caerulescens grown over 391 d removed more than 8 mg kg−1 Cd and 200 mg kg−1 Zn from the industrially contaminated soil, representing 43 and 7% of the two metals in the soil. In contrast, the high concentration of Cu in the agricultural soil severely reduced the growth of T. caerulescens, thus limiting its phytoextraction potential. The EDTA treatment greatly increased the solubility of heavy metals in both soils, but this did not result in a large increase in metal concentrations in the maize shoots. Phytoextraction of Cd and Zn by maize + EDTA was much smaller than that by T. caerulescens from the industrially contaminated soil, and was either smaller (Cd) or similar (Zn) from the agricultural soil. After EDTA treatment, soluble heavy metals in soil pore water occurred mainly as metal–EDTA complexes, which were persistent for several weeks. High concentrations of heavy metals in soil pore water after EDTA treatment could pose an environmental risk in the form of ground water contamination.
Assessing Site Vulnerability to Phosphorus Loss in an Agricultural Watershed
Authors: Sharpley Andrew N. , McDowell Richard W. , Weld Jennifer L. , Kleinman Peter J. A. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTA P index was developed as a tool to rank agricultural fields on the basis of P loss vulnerability, helping to target remedial P management options within watersheds. We evaluated two approaches, a soil P threshold and components of a P index, by comparing site vulnerability estimates derived from these two approaches with measured runoff P losses in an agricultural watershed in Pennsylvania. Rainfall–surface runoff simulations (70 mm h−1for 30 min) were conducted on 57 sites representing the full range of soil P concentrations and management conditions found in the watershed. Each site was comprised of two, abutting 2‐m2runoff plots, serving as duplicate observations. For sites that had not received P additions for at least six months prior to the study, Mehlich‐3 P concentration was strongly associated with dissolved P concentrations (r2= 0.86) and losses (r2= 0.83) in surface runoff, as well as with total P concentration (r2= 0.80) and loss (r2= 0.74). However, Mehlich‐3 P alone was poorly correlated with runoff P from sites receiving manure within three weeks prior to rainfall. The P index effectively described 88 and 83% of the variability in dissolved P concentrations and losses from all sites in the watershed, and P index ratings exhibited strong associations with total P concentrations (r2= 0.81) and losses (r2= 0.79). When site‐specific observations were extrapolated to all fields in the watershed, management recommendations derived from a P index approach were less restrictive than those derived from the soil P threshold approach, better reflecting the low P loads exported from the watershed.
Sorption of Bentazone, Dichlorprop, MCPA, and Propiconazole in Reference Soils from Norway
Authors: Thorstensen Christian W. , Lode Olav , Eklo Ole Martin , Christiansen Agnethe 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTSorption–desorption kinetic and isotherm studies were performed by the batch equilibrium technique in three Norwegian soils. The soils were a fine sandy loam, a loam, and a soil of highly decomposed organic material. Two commercially formulations were used, Triagran‐P and Tilt, containing either a mixture of bentazone [3‐isopropyl‐1H‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazin‐4(3H)‐one 2,2‐dioxide], dichlorprop [(R)‐2‐(2,4‐dichlorophenoxy)‐propionic acid], and MCPA [(4‐chloro‐2‐methylphenoxy)acetic acid], or propiconazole [(±)1‐(2‐(2,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐4‐propyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐2‐ylmethyl)‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole] alone. Sorption–desorption equilibrium occurred within 10 h for all pesticides. The Freundlich isotherms indicated nonlinear sorption of bentazone, dichlorprop, MCPA, and propiconazole. For all pesticides the highest Freundlich adsorption coefficient (KF) values were in the soil with highest organic content and lowest pH. For the fine sandy loam and loam, which are representative Norwegian agricultural soils, the results indicate that bentazone, dichlorprop, and MCPA are mobile with KF values ranging from 0.07 to 1.50 mg1−1/n kg−1 L1/n Propiconazole is much less mobile with KF values ranging from 27.00 to 36.02 mg1−1/n kg−1 L1/n in the agricultural soils.
Plant Contamination by Organic Pollutants in Phytoremediation
Authors: Sung Kijune , Corapcioglu M.Yavuz , Drew M.C. , Munster C.L. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTPhytoremediation is a remediation technique that involves plant uptake, transformation, accumulation, and/or volatilization of soil‐ and aqueous‐phase contaminants or by the stimulation of microbial cometabolic activity in the rhizosphere of the plant. Even when the principal mechanism is by stimulation of bacteria, any resultant plant contamination cannot be overlooked. For the purpose of modeling, a two‐compartment plant model has been developed. The model divides the plant into the shoot compartment (which can be harvested) and the root compartment (into which contaminants can accumulate). Numerical experiments were conducted to investigate model behavior and to determine important parameters affecting plant contamination. Johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.] was used to evaluate the model behavior. The contaminants TNT (2,4,6,‐trinitrotoluene) and chrysene were selected on the basis of their contrasting aqueous‐phase solubilities. The results indicate that plant contamination and soil remediation by plants depend on soil properties such as soil organic carbon content, the physicochemical properties of the contaminants such as the octanol–water partition coefficient, and plant properties. The most important factor affecting plant contamination is bioavailability. As bioavailability increased, the concentrations in root and shoot compartments were predicted to increase. Microbial activities and plant contamination are closely related, which suggests that plants and microorganisms can have complementary roles in phytoremediation.