bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of species composition in grass-clover swards using RGB and multispectral UAV imagery and machine learning
Authors: Pranga Joanna , Borra-Serrano Irene , Quataert Paul , De Swaef Tom , Vanden Nest Thijs , Willekens Koen , Ruysschaert Greet , Janssens Ivan A. , Roldán-Ruiz Isabel , Lootens Peter 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionGrowing grass-legume mixtures for forage production improves both yield productivity and nutritional quality, while also benefiting the environment by promoting species biodiversity and enhancing soil fertility (through nitrogen fixation). Consequently, assessing legume proportions in grass-legume mixed swards is essential for breeding and cultivation. This study introduces an approach for automated classification and mapping of species in mixed grass-clover swards using object-based image analysis (OBIA).MethodsThe OBIA procedure was established for both RGB and ten band multispectral (MS) images capturedby an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The workflow integrated structural (canopy heights) and spectral variables (bands, vegetation indices) along with a machine learning algorithm (Random Forest) to perform image segmentation and classification. Spatial k-fold cross-validation was employed to assess accuracy.Results and discussionResults demonstrated good performance, achieving an overall accuracy of approximately 70%, for both RGB and MS-based imagery, with grass and clover classes yielding similar F1 scores, exceeding 0.7 values. The effectiveness of the OBIA procedure and classification was examined by analyzing correlations between predicted clover fractions and dry matter yield (DMY) proportions. This quantification revealed a positive and strong relationship, with R2 values exceeding 0.8 for RGB and MS-based classification outcomes. This indicates the potential of estimating (relative) clover coverage, which could assist breeders but also farmers in a precision agriculture context.
Masked emotions: does children’s affective state influence emotion recognition?
Authors: Mastorogianni Maria Eirini , Konstanti Styliani , Dratsiou Ioanna , Bamidis Panagiotis D. 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionFacial emotion recognition abilities of children have been the focus of attention across various fields, with implications for communication, social interaction, and human behavior. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, wearing a face mask in public became mandatory in many countries, hindering social information perception and emotion recognition. Given the importance of visual communication for children’s social-emotional development, concerns have been raised on whether face masks could impair their ability to recognize emotions and thereby possibly impact their social-emotional development.MethodsTo this extent, a quasiexperimental study was designed with a two-fold objective: firstly, to identify children’s accuracy in recognizing basic emotions (anger, happiness, fear, disgust, sadness) and emotional neutrality when presented with faces under two conditions: one with no-masks and another with faces partially covered by various types of masks (medical, nonmedical, surgical, or cloth); secondly, to explore any correlation between children’s emotion recognition accuracy and their affective state. Sixty-nine (69) elementary school students aged 6-7 years old from Greece were recruited for this purpose. Following specific requirements of the second phase of the experiment students were assigned to one of three (3) distinct affective condition groups: Group A-Happiness, Group B-Sadness, and Group C-Emotional Neutrality. Image stimuli were drawn from the FACES Dataset, and students’ affective state was registered using the self-reporting emotions-registration tool, AffectLecture app.ResultsThe study’s findings indicate that children can accurately recognize emotions even with masks, although recognizing disgust is more challenging. Additionally, following both positive and negative affective state priming promoted systematic inaccuracies in emotion recognition. Most significantly, results showed a negative bias for children in negative affective state and a positive bias for those in positive affective state.DiscussionChildren’s affective state significantly influenced their emotion recognition abilities; sad affective states led to lower recognition overall and a bias toward recognizing sad expressions, while happy affective states resulted in a positive bias, improving recognition of happiness, and affecting how emotional neutrality and sadness were actually perceived. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the intriguing dynamics of how face masks affect children’s emotion recognition, but also underlines the profound influence of their affective state.
Loneliness and global cognitive functioning in racially and ethnically diverse US midlife and older adults
Authors: Camacho David , Pacheco Kelly , Moxley Jerad , Aranda Maria P. , Reid M. Carrington , Wethington Elaine 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionFew studies have examined the association of loneliness and cognitive functioning in the US. We used two common measures of loneliness and examined their association in a large sample of US Black, Latino, and White adults (ages ≥ 50).MethodsWe analyzed Wave 3 of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (N = 2,757). We examined loneliness using one item from the CES-D and the Felt Loneliness Measure (NFLM); cognitive functioning was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) tool, where higher scores indicated better functioning. We used weighted ordinary least squares regressions to examine the effects of loneliness (CES-D loneliness and NFLM in separate models) on MoCA scores. In exploratory analyses, we examined if these relationships varied by race and ethnicity. We adjusted all models for sociodemographic and other salient factors (e.g., chronic disease, depressive symptoms, living alone).ResultsMean age was 63.49 years, 52% were female, and 9% were Black and 6% Latino persons. Approximately 54% endorsed feeling lonely on at least one measure; 31% (CES-D) and 46% (NFLM). The relationship between loneliness measures was positive and significant, X2 (1, N = 2,757) = 435.493 p &lt; 0.001. However, only 40% of lonely individuals were identified as lonely on both assessments. CES-D loneliness was inversely (βˆ = −0.274, p = 0.032) associated with MoCA scores and this association did not vary by race and ethnicity. Greater NFLM loneliness was positively associated (βˆ = 0.445, p &lt; 0.001) with higher MoCA scores for Latino participants only.DiscussionLoneliness appears to be an important predictor of cognitive functioning. However, the association of loneliness and cognitive functioning varied when using the CES-D loneliness item or the NFLM. Future work is needed to understand how loneliness and its clinically relevant dimensions (social, emotional, existential, chronicity) relate to global and individual cognitive domains. Research is needed with racially and ethnically diverse midlife and older adults, particularly to understand our counterintuitive finding for Latino participants. Finally, findings also support the need for research on interventions to prevent cognitive decline targeting loneliness.
Recovery from opioid use on a neuropsychoanalytic service
Authors: Meadon Ross , Zhang-James Yanli , Aslam Sunny , Johnson Brian 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundLittle is known about recovery from opioid use disorder (OUD) or outcomes of detoxification and drug-free treatment of chronic opioid therapy (COT). Harm reduction with medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) is regarded as the only legitimate treatment.MethodsThe Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved reporting deidentified outcomes. Patients seen over a 10-year period whose records suggested recovery were called and interviewed.ResultsOverall, 69/86 (80%) confirmed that they had been sober for at least a year, including 41 patients with OUD (75%) and 28 COT patients (90%). 91% were drug-free, and 9% were on MOUD. 79% preferred a psychotherapy approach. 21% preferred MOUD. Coming for more treatment and abstinence from tobacco were significantly correlated with recovery.ConclusionThis is the first report that we are aware of regarding the frequency of recovery from OUD and COT. We have complicated the discussion about what is the best treatment for patients with OUD and patients on COT. Advising that maintenance is the only legitimate treatment for patients who suffer from OUD or who are on COT seems both premature and jeopardizes the ability of treaters to individualize treatment recommendations.
Geospatial pattern of level of minimum acceptable diet and its determinants among children aged 6–23 months in Ethiopia. Spatial and multiscale geographically weighted regression analysis
Authors: Kitaw Tegene Atamenta , Abate Biruk Beletew , Derese Tilahun Befkad , Haile Ribka Nigatu 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundDespite prior progress and the proven benefits of optimal feeding practices, improving child dietary intake in developing countries like Ethiopia remains challenging. In Ethiopia, over 89% of children fail to meet the minimum acceptable diet. Understanding the geographical disparity and determinants of minimum acceptable diet can enhance child feeding practices, promoting optimal child growth.MethodsSpatial and multiscale geographically weighted regression analysis was conducted among 1,427 weighted sample children aged 6–23 months. ArcGIS Pro and SatScan version 9.6 were used to map the visual presentation of geographical distribution failed to achieve the minimum acceptable diet. A multiscale geographically weighted regression analysis was done to identify significant determinants of level of minimum acceptable diet. The statistical significance was declared at P-value &lt;0.05.ResultsOverall, 89.56% (95CI: 87.85–91.10%) of children aged 6–23 months failed to achieve the recommended minimum acceptable diet. Significant spatial clustering was detected in the Somali, Afar regions, and northwestern Ethiopia. Children living in primary clusters were 3.6 times more likely to be unable to achieve the minimum acceptable diet (RR = 3.61, LLR =13.49, p &lt; 0.001). Mother’s with no formal education (Mean = 0.043, p-value = 0.000), family size above five (Mean = 0.076, p-value = 0.005), No media access (Mean = 0.059, p-value = 0.030), home delivery (Mean = 0.078, p-value = 0.002), and no postnatal checkup (Mean = 0.131, p-value = 0.000) were found to be spatially significant determinants of Inadequate minimum acceptable diet.ConclusionLevel of minimum acceptable diet among children in Ethiopia varies geographically. Therefore, to improve child feeding practices in Ethiopia, it is highly recommended to deploy additional resources to high-need areas and implement programs that enhance women’s education, maternal healthcare access, family planning, and media engagement.
Assessment of nutrition knowledge and associated factors among secondary school students in Haramaya district, Oromia region, eastern Ethiopia: implications for health education
Authors: Edin Alo , Jemal Kedir , Ahmed Ibsa Abdusemed , Gebremichael Berhe , Bushra Abdulmalik Abdela , Demena Melake , Abdirkadir Merian 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundNutrition knowledge stands as a cornerstone in facilitating informed dietary choices, thereby profoundly impacting overall health and lifestyle outcomes. Malnutrition often correlates with deficient nutritional knowledge, highlighting the critical need for comprehensive understanding in this domain. While Ethiopia has seen considerable research on nutritional status and associated factors, there remains a paucity of studies specifically addressing nutrition knowledge among secondary school students, particularly within the Haramaya District. Therefore, this study aimed to meticulously assess nutrition knowledge and its determinants among secondary school students in Eastern Ethiopia.MethodsEmploying an institutional-based cross-sectional design, we carefully selected 417 students from secondary schools in Haramaya District, Eastern Ethiopia, through simple random sampling. Data Research Topic entailed structured interviews, with subsequent entry into Epi Data version 3.1 for meticulous analysis utilizing SPSS version 21 software. Descriptive statistics summarized participant characteristics, while both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to elucidate factors associated with nutritional knowledge, setting statistical significance at p-value &lt;0.05.ResultsAll 417 selected students participated in the study, yielding a commendable response rate of 100%. The median nutritional knowledge score among students stood at 58, with an interquartile range spanning from 44 to 66. Approximately 46.76% (95% CI: 42–51.59) of students exhibited good nutritional knowledge. Significant determinants of nutrition knowledge included sex [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.03–3.04], being senior secondary students (AOR = 3.3, 95% CI: 1.95–5.73), and access to nutrition information (AOR = 3.3, 95% CI: 1.60–6.87).ConclusionOur findings illuminate a notable level of nutritional knowledge among secondary school students in Haramaya District. However, discernible disparities in nutrition knowledge emerged based on gender, educational level, and access to nutrition information. These insights underscore the exigency of targeted interventions aimed at enhancing nutrition literacy among students, thereby fostering holistic health promotion endeavors.
Improved Preservation of Rat Small Intestine Transplantation Graft by Introduction of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Secreted Fractions
Authors: Teratani Takumi , Fujimoto Yasuhiro , Sakuma Yasunaru , Kasahara Naoya , Maeda Masashi , Miki Atsushi , Lefor Alan Kawarai , Sata Naohiro , Kitayama Joji 
Published: June 2024

Segmental grafts from living donors have advantages over grafts from deceased donors when used for small intestine transplantation. However, storage time for small intestine grafts can be extremely short and optimal graft preservation conditions for short-term storage remain undetermined. Secreted factors from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that allow direct activation of preserved small intestine grafts. Freshly excised Luc-Tg LEW rat tissues were incubated in preservation solutions containing MSC-conditioned medium (MSC-CM). Preserved Luc-Tg rat-derived grafts were then transplanted to wild-type recipients, after which survival, injury score, and tight junction protein expression were examined. Luminance for each graft was determined using in vivo imaging. The findings indicated that 30–100 and 3–10 kDa fractions of MSC-CM have superior activating effects for small intestine preservation. Expression of the tight-junction proteins claudin-3, and zonula occludens-1 preserved for 24 h in University of Wisconsin (UW) solution containing MSC-CM with 50–100 kDa, as shown by immunostaining, also indicated effectiveness. Reflecting the improved graft preservation, MSC-CM preloading of grafts increased survival rate from 0% to 87%. This is the first report of successful transplantation of small intestine grafts preserved for more than 24 h using a rodent model to evaluate graft preservation conditions that mimic clinical conditions.
Tissue-Specific Tolerance to High-Temperature and Nutrient-Poor Conditions in a Canopy-Forming Macroalga, Surviving at an Ocean Warming Hotspot
Authors: Endo Hikaru , Kodama Masafumi , Kawashima Ryoya , Kumagai Momochika , Matsuoka Midori , Ebata Keigo , Okunishi Suguru 
Published: June 2024

Most canopy-forming macroalgae have disappeared from temperate reefs in southern Japan, one of the ocean warming hotspots, but Sargassum nipponicum is surviving in this region. As this species’ annual shoots emerge from holdfasts during summer, both plant components may be highly tolerant to warm and nutrient-poor conditions in this season. The present study examined the effects of temperature and nutrient conditions on holdfast growth, shoot emergence from holdfasts, and shoot growth in S. nipponicum samples collected in Tanegashima Island, southern Japan. The summer temperature in this region (30 °C) allowed holdfast growth and shoot emergence but inhibited shoot growth. Nutrient-poor conditions had limited effects on the first two parameters but suppressed shoot growth. These results suggested that during warm summers and under nutrient-poor conditions in southern Japan, shoots can emerge from S. nipponicum holdfasts but cannot further grow. Additionally, nutrient loading from a nearby river was higher at the only site dominated by S. nipponicum, than at the other sites where this species was absent on Tanegashima Island. This was observed especially between autumn and winter, implying that such a nutrient-rich environment may contribute to shoot growth in S. nipponicum and to the persistence of its population in the area.
A Critical Discourse Analysis of the Representation of Self and the Other in the Speeches of the Ousted Sudanese President, Omar Al-Bashir.
Authors: Tageldin Khalid 
Published: June 2024

This study aims to explore how ousted Sudanese president, Omar Al-Bashir utilized political discourse to maintain his power and bolster dominance by manipulating his audiences’ attitudes, and beliefs with regard to the government and the opposition. It explores the former president’s use of the discursive ideological strategies in his political speeches to create an ‘in-group’ with favourable characteristics and an ‘out-group’ with negative characteristics. It investigated the impact of the popular uprising against him on his choice of different strategies employed by comparing the speeches that he delivered before the uprising with those that he rendered during the revolt. The study analysed ten speeches delivered in the period from November 6, 2016, to February 1, 2019. The five speeches that he delivered before the uprising were chosen randomly, while those that he gave during the uprising represented all the speeches that he made during that period. The study adopted a qualitative and quantitative approach to analyzing its data. The analysis is based on the identification and calculation of the discursive ideological strategies that Teun van Dijk introduced and discussed in the Ideological Discourse, 13-45; Ideology and Discourse Analysis,115-140; and Discourse and Power, 138-153 The results of the study showed that Al-Bashir used 21 discursive strategies to portray his in-group in a positive manner and to represent the opposition in a negative way. It showed that he used the strategies of mitigation, hyperbole, positive self-presentation, actor description, metaphor, negative-other presentation, negative lexicalization, victimization, authority, national self –glorification, counterfactuals, denial, warning, generalization, evidentiality, polarization, apparent honesty move, presupposition, negative comparison, irony, and telling story. It also demonstrated that the former president made changes to his choice of strategy types before and during the revolt to pacify the protesters and to avoid his government’s failure, in addition to political and economic crises.
المحدث أحمد بن صالح الجيلي (ت 565هـ/1169م) وجهوده في الكتابة التاريخية "التراجمية"
Authors: القدحات محمد , الريامي علي 
Published: June 2024

تهدف الدراسة إلى التعريف بـ: المحدِّث " أحمد بن صالح بن شافع الجيلي" (ت565هـ/1169م) وجهوده في الكتابة التاريخية "التراجمية". من خلال ما تبقى من روايات حفظتها المصادر من كتابه "ذيل تاريخ بغداد" الذي ذيل به على تاريخ الخطيب البغدادي (ت 463هـ/171م).
يمكن تحديد الإشكالية الرئيسة للدراسة بـ: كيف أثَّر الغزو المغولي للعالم الإسلامي في بنيته الحضارية، بفعل الكارثة التي ارتكبها بحق النتاج الحضاري الذي أنجزه العلماء، والذي أسهم في ضياع الكثير من التراث العربي. وقد كان تاريخ الجيلي ضمن ما ناله الضياع بفعل ذلك. وبناءً عليه فإن الدراسة تهدف إلى إعادة بناء المنهج الذي اعتمده الجيلي في كتابه، بناءً على ما توافر من روايات نقلت من أصل الكتاب، وحفظت في كتابات من جاء بعده من المؤرخين.
اعتمد الباحثان المنهج التاريخي القائم على جمع الروايات وتحليلها، حيث تتبعا روايات تاريخ ابن شافع الجيلي في مصنفات معاصريه أو التالية لعصره، ثم تمت معالجتها؛ لبيان منهجه في التصنيف.
وخلصت الدراسة إلى الآتي:
- سلك ابن شافع منهج الخطيب في تصنيف من حيث اختيار تراجمه، فاقتصرت على علماء الدين: الفقه، الحديث، التفسير، إضافة إلى علوم العربية.
- إن عدم شهرة ابن شافع في أوساط المؤرخين، تعود إلى وفاته المبكرة، إضافة إلى أن الغزو المغولي وما صاحبه من تدمير، كان سبباً في عدم انتشار كتابه شأن غيره من علماء عصره.
- يعد كتاب الجيلي من المصنفات المعتبرة، فقد أرَّخ للنشاط الحضاري لمدينة بغداد في عصره، فمن بين ثنايا تراجمه يمكن التعرف على مظاهر الحياة الثقافية والتعليمية المتمثلة في بيان طراق التدريس، ومناهج العلماء، ورصد المدارس التي ظهرت في بغداد آنذاك.
زخرفة إطارات العقود في شبابيك وأبواب البلدة القديمة في مدينة الخليل
Authors: أبو دية عدنان 
Published: June 2024

يدور الحديث في هذا البحث حول دراسة وتوثيق الزخارف والأشكال الفنية المنقوشة على إطارات العقود في شبابيك ومداخل البيوت التراثية في البلدة القديمة في مدينة الخليل، والتي تركزت في الغالب على مفتاح العقد، وبعضها نقشت على العمود الفاصل بين شباكين متجاورين. وقد تبين من خلال هذا البحث العديد من النتائج أهمها أن الفنان المحلي قد التزم في نقش الأشكال الهندسية أو النباتية أو الكتابية دون أن يتم تسجيل أي شكل لكائنات من ذوات الأرواح، في حالة من الالتزام بتحريم رسمها. وتبين أن الأشكال الهندسية قد تنوعت بين شبه المنحرف، المعين، المربع، المستطيل، الشكل البيضاوي، الشكل المروحي والدائرة، إضافة إلى الأطباق النجمية والمضلعات الخماسية والسداسية. وأما الأشكال النباتية فقد تنوعت بين ورق الأكانثاس، سعفة النخيل، نبات دوار الشمس، ورق العنب، الورود الرباعية والخماسية والسداسية والسباعية والثمانية، الزنبق، والوردة الكأسية. وبين البحث أن النجوم بأنواعها قد حازت على نصيب كبير من الأشكال الزخرفية. أما التاريخ فقد تمت كتابته بالسنوات الهجرية في إشارة إلى تبعية المدينة للنظام العثماني الإسلامي في حينه. وكان نصيب الكتابات على عقود الشبابيك والأبواب قليل جداً، وهي إما أنها كلمات التوحيد، أو البسملة أو أيات قرآنية، بخط رقعة حديث.
ومن نتائج البحث أيضاً إظهار التزام الفنان المحلي ببعض صفات الفن الإسلامي أثناء نقشه رسوماته مثل الإتزان، التناظر، الحركة، التكرار والتشابك، بينما لم نجده ملتزماً ببعض الصفات الأخرى مثل النقش ثلاثي الأبعاد، ملئ الفراغ، والبعد عن الشكل الطبيعي أو التحوير.
وكشفت الدراسة أيضاً عن مدى ثراء أهل المدينة وعن القدرات الفنية للمعماريين الذين عاشوا في حقبة الدراسة. وإلى معرفة الأفكار والأيديولوجيات التي أثرت على الفنان والمعماري الذي أشرف على العمارة المحلية في مدينة الخليل. ومعرفة مدى التشابه والتنوع في هذه الزخارف. كما كشفت مدى تأثر الفنان في مدينة الخليل بالمحيط الثقافي الفلسطيني والعربي، والإقتباس منه.
أما منهج الدراسة فقد اتبع الباحث منهج الدراسة الإحصائية والتوثيقية مدعماً بالتحليل التاريخي والفني، وقد تم جمع المادة البحثية من خلال الجولات الميدانية في بيوت البلدة القديمة في مدينة الخليل.