bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La Bibliothèque de l’ICCROM : cinquante ans au service des chercheurs
Authors: Uginet Marie‐Christine 
Published: March 2010

RésuméCréée en 1959, la Bibliothèque de l’ICCROM est devenue au cours des années une des meilleures bibliothèques du monde dans le domaine de la conservation des biens culturels mobiliers et immobiliers. L’article décrit le développement des collections documentaires et des outils de recherche mis à la disposition des chercheurs.
Computational Analyses of Multilevel Discourse Comprehension
Authors: Graesser Arthur C. , McNamara Danielle S. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe proposed multilevel framework of discourse comprehension includes the surface code, the textbase, the situation model, the genre and rhetorical structure, and the pragmatic communication level. We describe these five levels when comprehension succeeds and also when there are communication misalignments and comprehension breakdowns. A computer tool has been developed, called Coh‐Metrix, that scales discourse (oral or print) on dozens of measures associated with the first four discourse levels. The measurement of these levels with an automated tool helps researchers track and better understand multilevel discourse comprehension. Two sets of analyses illustrate the utility of Coh‐Metrix in discourse theory and educational practice. First, Coh‐Metrix was used to measure the cohesion of the text base and situation model, as well as potential extraneous variables, in a sample of published studies that manipulated text cohesion. This analysis helped us better understand what was precisely manipulated in these studies and the implications for discourse comprehension mechanisms. Second, Coh‐Metrix analyses are reported for samples of narrative and science texts in order to advance the argument that traditional text difficulty measures are limited because they fail to accommodate most of the levels of the multilevel discourse comprehension framework.
Avian Influenza A Virus Monitoring in Wild Birds in Bavaria: Occurrence and Heterogeneity of H5 and N1 Encoding Genes
Authors: Lang V. , Rinder M. , Hafner‐Marx A. , Rabl S. , Bogner K. H. , Neubauer‐Juric A. , Büttner M. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryTo define avian influenza virus prevalence in wild birds in Bavaria, 12 930 tracheal, cloacal swabs or tissue samples from various waterfowl species were screened between January 2006 and December 2007. In 291 (2.3%) birds, genomes of influenza A viruses were detected by reverse transcription real‐time PCR (rRT‐PCR) targeting the matrix protein genes. Furthermore, solitary H5 hemagglutinin or N1 neuraminidase encoding genes were identified in 35 (0.3%) apparently healthy birds; whereas highly pathogenic (HPAI) H5N1 virus genomes were only diagnosed in dead wild birds (n = 93; 0.7%) found across this federal state region. In this study, multiple import events for H5N1 viruses were confirmed during 2006 and 2007. In addition, our findings argue against an existing HPAI H5N1 reservoir in aquatic birds in Bavaria. By contrast, phylogenetic analyses of the H5 or N1 sequences of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses revealed a marked diversity and multiple genetic lineages. This diversity of LPAI H5 and N1 subtype components indicates the existence of LPAI HA and NA gene pools which differ from the Bavarian HPAI H5N1. Moreover, the hemagglutinin amino acid differences between LPAI H5 viruses of a western European genotypic lineage observed in wild birds suggest a continuous evolution of LPAI viruses in Bavaria.
Molecular Detection of Avian Influenza Virus but not West Nile Virus in Wild Birds in Northern Turkey
Authors: Albayrak H. , Ozan E. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryIn this study, a total of 402 samples (173 cloacal swab samples, 169 tracheal swab samples and 60 organ pools including the lung, spleen, liver, trachea and brain) obtained from 27 different wild avian species from Kizilirmak delta and the adjacent wetlands in northern Turkey were surveyed for the presence of RNA from Avian influenza virus (AIV) and West Nile virus (WNV) by Taqman‐based real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction assay. No WNV genomic RNA was detected in any sample. In contrast, AIV RNA was found in two of 402 samples (0.49%).
Identification of a novel biomarker for oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide in primary human hepatocytes using the 2‐nitrobenzenesulfenyl chloride isotope labeling method
Authors: Takami Yoichiro , Uto Hirofumi , Tamai Tsutomu , Sato Yuko , Ishida Yo‐ichi , Morinaga Hiroyuki , Sakakibara Yoichi , Moriuchi Akihiro , Oketani Makoto , Ido Akio , Nakajima Tomoaki , Okanoue Takeshi , Tsubouchi Hirohito 
Published: March 2010

Aim:  Oxidative stress is involved in the progression of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, there are few biomarkers that are easily measured and accurately reflect the disease states. The aim of this study was to identify novel oxidative stress markers using the 2‐nitrobenzenesulfenyl (NBS) stable isotope labeling method and to examine the clinical utility of these diagnostic markers for NASH.Methods:  Proteins extracted from phosphate buffered saline‐ and hydrogen peroxide‐loaded human primary hepatocyte were labeled with the [12C]‐ and [13C]‐NBS reagents, respectively. Pairs of peaks with 6‐Da differences in which the [13C]‐NBS labeling was more intense than the [12C]‐NBS labeling were detected by MALDI‐TOF/MS and identified by MS/MS ion searching.Results:  Four pairs of peaks, m/z 1705–1711, m/z 1783–1789, m/z 1902–1908 and m/z 2790–2796, were identified as cytochrome c oxidase VIb (COX6B), liver carboxylesterase 1 (CES1), carbamoyl‐phosphate synthase 1 (CPS1) and superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), respectively. Furthermore, serum MnSOD protein levels were significantly higher in NASH patients than in simple steatosis (SS) patients. The serum MnSOD levels tended to increase in parallel with the stage of fibrosis.Conclusion:  The NBS labeling technique was useful to identify biomarkers. Serum MnSOD may be a useful biomarker that can distinguish between SS and NASH.
The ethics of basing community prevention in general practice
Authors: Weingarten Michael , Matalon Andre 
Published: March 2010

In this paper we argue that the responsibility for systematic community-based preventive medicine should not be made part of the role of the general practitioner (GP). Preventive medicine cannot be shown to be more effective than curative or supportive medicine. Therefore, the allocation of the large amount of general practice staff time and resources required for systematic preventive medicine should not come at the expense of the care of the sick and the suffering. The traditional healing role of the GP requires a cooperative patient-centred approach, whereas systematic preventive medicine is driven by rigid pre-set protocols and is intrinsically paternalistic. Trying to merge the two approaches is detrimental to the doctor-patient relationship. Furthermore, a number of potential pitfalls are identified that may be encountered in the implementation of preventive medicine programmes in general practice: interference with the course of the consultation; inadequate explanation and consent; distortion of practice priorities as reflected in quality indicators; temptation to record inaccurate data; conflict of interests where the doctor is rewarded for performance; patient blaming; exacerbation of the health gap.We suggest that a more justifiable strategy would be for GPs to identify patients at high risk and offer them specific preventive advice when the opportunity presents itself and at a time when the patient is likely to be most amenable to cooperate. Opportunistic health promotion offers higher expectations of benefit, as well as a more equitable allocation of the risks associated with preventive medicine, than a systematic community-based approach.
Shear strength of remolded soils at consistency limits
Authors: Kayabali Kamil , Tufenkci Osman Oguz 
Published: March 2010

The undrained shear strength of remolded soils is of concern in certain geotechnical engineering applications. Several methods for determining this parameter exist, including the laboratory vane test. This study proposes a new method to estimate the undrained shear strength, particularly at the plastic and liquid limits. For 30 inorganic soil samples of different plasticity levels, we determined the Atterberg limits, then performed a series of reverse extrusion tests at different water contents. The plastic and liquid limits are derived from the linear relationship between the logarithm of the extrusion pressure and water content. The tests show that the average undrained shear strength determined from the extrusion pressures at the plastic limit is about 180 kPa, whereas the average undrained shear strength at the liquid limit is 2.3 kPa. We show that the undrained shear strength of remolded soils at any water content can be estimated from the Atterberg limits alone. Although the laboratory vane test provides a reasonable undrained shear strength value at the plastic limit, it overestimates the undrained shear strength at the liquid limit and thus, care must be taken when the laboratory vane test is used to determine undrained shear strengths at water contents near the liquid limit.
An Elementary Construction on Nonlinear Coherent States Associatedto Generalized Bargmann Spaces
Authors: Intissar Abdelkader 
Published: March 2010

Consider the space	L2(ℂ, dμ(z)), where is the
Gaussian measure, and its generalized Bargmann subspaces Em which are the null
kernels of the operator ;
m = 0,1, …. In this work, we present an other construction of Em following the Hermite functions
which allows us to define a family of generalized Bargmann transform Bm which maps isometrically Em into L2(ℝ). The generalized coherent states ∣z〉 m associated to Em are constructed and some properties of them are given.
Experimental Poisoning by Senecio jacobaea in Pigs
Authors: Harding J.D.J. , Lewis G. , Done J.T. , Allcroft R. 
Published: March 2010

Seven pigs were poisoned by feeding from 1 to 3 months with Senecio jacobaea (“ragwort”). Clinically, the disease induced was characterised by dyspnœa and fluctuating pyrexia, anatomically by firm, heavy, discoloured, oedematous lungs and histologically by pulmonary oedema, congestion, haemorrhage and alveolar epithelialisation, and by hepatic and renal karyomegaly. Ragwort poisoning in pigs was compared with groundnut poisoning and it was concluded that the two are unlikely to be confused.
Epithelial and Fibroblastic Proliferation in Bovine Cutaneous Papillomatosis
Authors: Cheville N. F. , Olson C. 
Published: March 2010

The pathogenesis of the experimental bovine papilloma was investigated by the serial biopsy technique on lesions produced by epidermal scarification or intradermal injection using two strains of BPV. The purpose was to determine the time and sequence of stimulation of the epithelial cells and connective tissue. Following a morphological dormant phase, the first reaction was a fibroblastic proliferation. In papillomas developing from epidermal scarification, this was not marked and was followed by epidermal hyperplasia which progressed to the mature papilloma Fibroplasia in lesions produced by intrademal injection was always greater. Eight to ten % of the developing fibromas had a whorled histologic pattern. The percentage of sites inoculated showing fibroblastic change, although subtle, was high while the percentage going on to epithelial change was often much less, especially when inoculated by the intradermal route. The Feulgen technique did not reveal intranuclear or cytoplasmic bodies of any kind.
Studies on the Site of Leukotic and Preleukotic Changes in the Bovine Heart
Authors: Järplid Bertil 
Published: March 2010

The right auricle is the primary site of leukotic changes in the bovine heart. This and other regions of the heart from 114 cattle with manifest leukosis, 44 cattle with suspected latent leukosis, 23 normal cattle, and 59 foetuses have been examined histologically. The propensity of bovine leukosis to involve the right auricle is obviously associated with the loose subepicardial connective tissue and its property of embryonal haematopoiesis. Since other mesenchymal tumours and metaplasia also involve the right auricle more often than the left, it is conceivable that the subepicardial tissue on the right side remains functionally as well as morphologically undifferentiated, and more readily responds to proliferative stimuli than does the subepicardial tissue of the left atrium, which early differentiates into fat tissue. Among the group of animals suspected of latent leukosis there were many with definite signs of leukosis in the subepicardial tissue of the right auricle. The early signs of leukosis were accumulation of lymphoid or blast-like cells, or both together, neural lymphoid infiltration, and stuffing of blood vessels with lymphocytes. The question whether the leukosis cells are formed in situ in the heart or represent metastasis from another site remains unsettled. The demonstration of a particular tissue type at the primary site of cardiac leukosis implies that further study might resolve this point and elucidate the early changes of leukosis.
Pulmonary Lesions in Dogs with Experimental and Naturally Occurring Toxoplasmosis
Authors: Capen Charles C. , Cole Clarence R. 
Published: March 2010

The lungs of 92 dogs with confirmed toxoplasmosis were studied. Focal areas of coagulation necrosis, adjacent to and involving small vessels and bronchioles, and exudation of fibrin were the characteristic lesions produced by T. gondii in the lungs of dogs with both experimentally induced and naturally occurring infections. The inflammatory response to the areas of necrosis was minimal. Dogs inoculated intratracheally developed more extensive pulmonary lesions with greater numbers of T. gondii than dogs inoculated by the intravenous or subcutaneous route. Toxoplasma were not demonstrated in the pulmonary lesions after the 16th day following inoculation. Distemper was a concurrent infection in 20 cases of naturally occurring toxoplasmosis. The lesions produced by the two etiologic agents were distinctly different. Based on the severity of pulmonary lesions the dogs appeared to be primarily infected with toxoplasma.
Pathologic and Immunologic Responses of the Fetal Lamb to Brucella ovis
Authors: Osburn B.I. , Kennedy P.C. 
Published: March 2010

Ewes were exposed to live Brucella ovis either by the intrauterine or the intraconjunctival routes prior to breeding, at breeding and at various stages of gestation. Serological and immunochemical analyses were performed on all ewe and lamb sera and gross and microscopic examinations were made of fetuses. Infections of fetuses in the ewes exposed intraconjunctivally were confined to those groups exposed between 3 and 12 weeks post breeding. Intrauterine exposures indicated (1) that the organism does not appear to remain in the nonpregnant uterus for any extended length of time, (2) probably causes the death of the ovum and embryo, and (3) fetuses of 6 weeks of gestational age are able to withstand the microbial invasion for extended periods of time. All fetuses exposed in utero from the sixth post breeding week to term were infected, as determined by immunological, bacteriological and pathological examinations. Regardless of the route of inoculation, lesions of the infected fetuses were found in the placentas, lungs, lymph nodes, kidneys, livers and intestines. Alterations in the spleen were limited to the formation of follicles with secondary centers and increased RE activity in the cords of the red pulp. Brucella ovis was recovered most frequently from the lungs and occasionally from the abomasums and a spleen. All but one of the infected fetal lambs had elevated gamma globulin levels and complement fixation titers for Brucella ovis.
Functional and Morphologic Pathology of Equine Aortic Insufficiency
Authors: Bishop Sanford P. , Cole Clarence R. , Smetzer David L. 
Published: March 2010

Twelve horses and 3 mules with grade II or louder prolonged diastolic murmurs were selected for functional and histopathologic study. Aortic insufficiency was demonstrated in all mules and in all except two horses on the basis of murmurs, jet lesions and/or pathologic and incompetent valve cusps. In 15 control animals lesions resulting in aortic insufficiency were not found. A thick fibrous band was present on all aortic valve cusps judged to be definitely insufficient. This band occurred at the line of valvular closure, parallel to the free edge, and allowed eversion of the peripheral portion of the cusp. Endothelial covered villi were present on the ventricular surface of those valves with band lesions. There was fibroblastic proliferation in a rich ground substance within the villi, on the surface of the ventricularis and throughout all layers of the valve. A nodular lesion microscopically similar to nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis in man was also found on the ventricular surface. This lesion also involved all layers of the aortic leaflet with proliferation of fibrocytes and production of acid mucopolysaccharide ground substance and collagen fibers. The nodular lesions did not appear to contribute significantly to the insufficiency. Degeneration of elastic fibers and focal mineralization of the fibrosa were interpreted as senile degenerative changes.
Visceral Larva Migrans in the Dog
Authors: Barron C.N. , Saunders L.Z. 
Published: March 2010

It has been known that in the course of their migration, Toxocara canis larvae wander widely through various tissues of the dog. It has also been known, from experimental infections, that some of these larvae are arrested in the course of their migration and remain in visceral tissues unable to either develop or proceed further. These facts were established from digestion experiments, and the effects of the arrested larvae on the host were known in but few tissues. We have found that granulomas form around such larvae, and that these occur in a wide variety of tissues: kidney, liver lung, myocardium, skeletal muscle, thyroid, pancreas, pituitary, lymph node, intestine, retina, brain and cauda equina. The larvae in the granulomas were identified as Toxocara species, presumably T. canis. The lesions resemble those of human visceral larva migrans, but do not elicit clinical signs. Because they occur in the same host that harbors the adult worm, the previously accepted definition of visceral larva migrans is too narrow, and it is proposed that this term be applied to any visceral lesions produced by migrating helminthic larvae.
Nutritional Hepatic Necrosis in Beef Cattle “Sawdust Liver”
Authors: Todd Glen C. , Krook Lennart 
Published: March 2010

A histologic examination of spontaneous cases of sawdust livers in cattle indicated that the focal liver necrosis was an expression of vitamin E-selenium deficiency. The condition was reproduced in Hereford steers by feeding a diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and poor in protein, vitamin E. and selenium. Lesions also occurred in the kidney, heart, skeletal muscled and pylorus. Addition of dictary protein or injection of selenium partially prevented the condition. Cellular anoxia with formation of hyalinc bodies in the liver and kidney was considered to be the common denominator of the degenerative changes. Due to the relatively mild tissue changes, plasma GOT and OCT determinations were found to be of no diagnostic value.
Intraocular Ganglioglioma in a Dog
Authors: Saunders L. Z. , Geib L. W. , Barron C. N. 
Published: March 2010

An intraocular neoplasm is reported from a 5-1/2-month-old dog, which had had clinical signs of ophthalmic disease for about 3 months prior to exenteration. The vitreous chamber was filled with a subretinal neoplastic mass, which consisted histologically of a mixture of glial cells, nerve cells, nerve fibers, and cells resembling ependyma with some cartilage, bone, and bone marrow. The tumor was diagnosed as a ganglioglioma, a neoplasm which occurs occasionally in human brains and very rarely in human eyes. This is the first report of such a tumor in an animal other than man and the 5th report of it in an intraocular location. As in the human cases, the neoplasm was apparently present at birth or developed shortly thereafter.
Über drei Fälle von Aneurysma dissecans bei Kälbern in Ecuador
Authors: Teuscher E. , López E. Vásconez 
Published: March 2010

Zusammenfassung Es werden drei Fälle von Aneurysma dissecans beim Kalb beschrieben. Zwei Tiere starben an Haemopericardium, ein Tier an Haemothorax. Bei einem Tier wurden am Vorabend Kolikerscheinungen beobachtet. Alle drei Tiere waren zwischen 2 1/2 und 3 1/2 Monate alt und lebten in einer Höhe von über 2800 m, in einer Gegend, in welcher Jodmangel besteht. Alle drei Tiere zeigten ausserdem Hypertrophie des rechten Ventrikels, erstes Stadium der “Brisket Disease”. Höhe und ein Mangelfaktor (Jodmangel, Kupfermangel?) werden als mögliche Ursache vermutet, jedoch fehlen noch die nötigen Ergänzungsuntersuchungen.
Microscopie Pathology of the Gray Collie Syndrome; Cyclic Neutropenia, Amyloidosis, Enteritis, and Bone Necrosis
Authors: Cheville N.F. , Cutlip R.C. , Moon H.W. 
Published: March 2010

Microscopie changes in tissues of 8 dogs with the gray collie syndrome (GCS) and in 5 related non-gray dogs were described. Three of the GCS dogs died as neonates, 2 as puppies, and 3 (treated clinically) as adults. Clinical signs of disease were abnormal hair pigmentation, cyclic neutropenia, diarrhea, lameness, and chronic ulceration of oral and genital mucosa. Lesions included lymphoid atrophy, amyloidosis, enteritis, aseptic bone necrosis, and acute and chronic purulent inflammation of several organs. Abnormalities in serum included decreased albumin and increased γ- and α-globulin. Electron microscopy of the spleen revealed amyloid fibers deposited chiefly at the periphery of the splenic follicles and within the central artery. Tissues from non-gray related dogs were normal except for laminar malacia of the motor areas of the cerebral cortex in 3 of these dogs which probably resulted from ischemia due to epileptiform seizures.
Experimental Ovine Mastitis; A Pathologic Study
Authors: El Etreby M.F. , Abdel-Hamid Y.M. 
Published: March 2010

Strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium pyogenes, and Corynebacterium ovis isolated from naturally occurring, cases of ovine mastitis in Egypt were inoculated unilaterally via the teats into the mammary glands of 20 native-bred ewes, and the course and pathogenesis of the resulting changes were described. One ewe of the group infected with S. aureus developed mastitis acuta gravis. The other ewes of this group had Galactophoritis et Mastitis catarrbalis chronica et acuta. The ewes infected with G. pyogenes or with mixed G. pyogenes and S. aureus developed Galactophoritis et Mastitis catarrbatis purulenta acuta et chronica. The ewes infected with C. ovis had Mastitis apostematosa chronica. The mastitis was unilateral in all animals.