bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Efficacy of 14‐Day Triple Therapy‐Based, Bismuth‐Containing Quadruple Therapy for Initial Helicobacter pylori Eradication
Authors: Sun Qinjuan , Liang Xiao , Zheng Qing , Liu Wenzhong , Xiao Shudong , Gu Weiqi , Lu Hong 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackground:  The success rate of currently recommended 7‐day triple therapy with a PPI plus amoxicillin and clarithromycin has fallen into the unacceptable range. It is urgent to look for a new strategy to treat the infection of Helicobacter pylori.Aims:  To observe the efficacy of triple therapy‐based, bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy for H. pylori treatment.Methods:  A total of 160 patients with functional dyspepsia who were Hp+ were randomly assigned into two groups. Regimen: Omeprazole 20 mg, Amoxicillin 1.0 g, Clarithromycin 500 mg and Bismuth Potassium Citrate 220 mg, twice a day. Eighty patients received 7‐day quadruple therapy and 80 patients received the same therapy for 14 days. Six weeks after treatment, H. pylori eradication was assessed by 13C‐urea breath test. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of metronidazole, clarithromycin and amoxicillin of clinical isolates were determined by the twofold agar dilution method.Results:  Fourteen‐day therapy led to a significant increase of H. pylori eradication success when compared to 7‐day therapy in the intention‐to‐treat analysis (93.7 vs 80.0%; p = .01), and the per‐protocol analysis (97.4 vs 82.0%; p = .0016). The H. pylori resistance rates to metronidazole, clarithromycin and amoxicillin were 42.1, 18.0 and 0%. Fourteen‐day therapy was significantly more effective in patients with clarithromycin‐resistant strains. Incidences of adverse events were comparable.Conclusions:  Addition bismuth and prolonging treatment duration can overcome H. pylori resistance to clarithromycin and decrease the bacterial load. Fourteen‐day triple therapy‐based, bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy achieved ITT success rate 93% and could be recommended as the first line eradication regimen.
Implantable Imaging System for Visual Prosthesis
Authors: Zhou Chuanqing , Tao Chen , Chai Xinyu , Sun Yong , Ren Qiushi 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn order to propose a method of intraocular imaging system for the visual prosthesis, an implantable microcamera was developed and evaluated in vivo. The microcamera was specially developed and shaped to fit the rabbit's lens capsule and encapsulated with the biocompatible silicone. To evaluate the feasibility of this novel approach, the custom‐built device was implanted following the surgical extraction of rabbit's lens. And clinical examinations were performed 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 week, and 1 month postoperatively, including slit‐lamp examination, intraocular pressure, wound status, anterior chamber depth, the presence of the iris fibrosi of neovascularization, and the position of the implant. Real‐time imaging was performed in vivo 1 month after the operation, and the acquired images were processed with the software and hardware that were specially developed for generating the stimulating pulses. Short‐term results showed the novel approach is promising.
The Influence of Cannulation Technique on Blood Flow to the Brain in Rats Undergoing Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Cautionary “Tail”
Authors: Gourlay Terence , Modine Thomas 
Published: May 2010

AbstractRecently, there has been an increase in the use of rat models of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for research purposes. Much of this work has focused on cerebral injury associated with CPB. Many of these studies employ a peripheral cannulation approach, often utilizing the caudal artery and internal or external jugular vein. The aim of the present study was to establish whether there is any alteration in blood flow to the brain associated with the use of different cannulation routes. Twenty‐four adult male Sprague Dawley rats were allocated to one of three study groups: Group 1—caudal artery return, Group 2—open‐chest aortic return, and Group 3—nonbypass control group. Colored microspheres were injected into all animals at four time points (postinduction, initiation of bypass, midbypass, and end bypass). After the termination of each experiment, the brains were excised, the tissue was digested, the microspheres were harvested, and the global blood flow to the brain was assessed using the reference flow method. There was a significant reduction in blood flow to the brain between both bypass groups and the control group. Additionally, cerebral blood flow was significantly lower in the caudal return group than in the aortic return group. There is a significant drop in blood flow to the brain associated with the initiation and continuation of CPB when compared to non‐CPB controls. These results also confirm a considerable cerebral hypoperfusion associated with the peripheral cannulation technique, and suggest that peripheral bypass may exaggerate the influence CPB has on cerebral injury. This technique must therefore be employed with caution.
In Vivo Evaluation of Zirconia Ceramic in the DexAide Right Ventricular Assist Device Journal Bearing
Authors: Saeed Diyar , Shalli Shanaz , Fumoto Hideyuki , Ootaki Yoshio , Horai Tetsuya , Anzai Tomohiro , Zahr Roula , Horvath David J. , Massiello Alex L. , Chen Ji‐Feng , Dessoffy Raymond , Catanese Jacquelyn , Benefit Stephen , Golding Leonard A.R. , Fukamachi Kiyotaka 
Published: May 2010

AbstractZirconia is a ceramic with material properties ideal for journal bearing applications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of zirconium oxide (zirconia) as a blood journal bearing material in the DexAide right ventricular assist device. Zirconia ceramic was used instead of titanium to manufacture the DexAide stator housing without changing the stator geometry or the remaining pump hardware components. Pump hydraulic performance, journal bearing reliability, biocompatibility, and motor efficiency data of the zirconia stator were evaluated in six chronic bovine experiments for 14–91 days and compared with data from chronic experiments using the titanium stator. Pump performance data including average in vivo pump flows and speeds using a zirconia stator showed no statistically significant difference to the average values for 16 prior titanium stator in vivo studies, with the exception of a 19% reduction in power consumption. Indices of hemolysis were comparable for both stator types. Results of coagulation assays and platelet aggregation tests for the zirconia stator implants showed no device‐induced increase in platelet activation. Postexplant evaluation of the zirconia journal bearing surfaces showed no biologic deposition in any of the implants. In conclusion, zirconia ceramic can be used as a hemocompatible material to improve motor efficiency while maintaining hydraulic performance in a blood journal bearing application.
Long‐Term Evaluation of Myoblast Seeded Patches Implanted on Infarcted Rat Hearts
Authors: Giraud Marie‐Noëlle , Flueckiger Remy , Cook Stéphane , Ayuni Erick , Siepe Matthias , Carrel Thierry , Tevaearai Hendrik 
Published: May 2010

AbstractCell transplantation presents great potential for treatment of patients with severe heart failure. However, its clinical application was revealed to be more challenging than initially expected in experimental studies. Further investigations need to be undertaken to define the optimal treatment conditions. We previously reported on the epicardial implantation of a bio‐engineered construct of skeletal myoblast‐seeded polyurethane and its preventive effect on progression toward heart failure. In the present study, we present a long‐term evaluation of this functional outcome. Left anterior descending coronary ligation was performed in female Lewis rats. Two weeks later, animals were treated with either epicardial implantation of biograft, acellular scaffold, sham operation, or direct intramyocardial skeletal myoblast injection. Functional assessments were performed with serial echocardiographies every 3 months and end point left ventricle pressure was assessed. Hearts were then harvested for histological examinations. Myocardial infarction induced a slow and progressive reduction in fractional shortening after 3 months. Progression toward heart failure was significantly prevented for up to 6 months after injection of myoblasts and for up to 9 months following biograft implantation. Nevertheless, this effect vanished after 12 months, with immunohistological examinations revealing an absence of the transplanted myoblasts within the scaffold. We demonstrated that tissue therapy is superior to cell therapy for stabilization of heart function. However, beneficial effects are transient.
Risk for Contrast Nephropathy in Patients Undergoing Coronarography
Authors: Manna Gaetano La , Pancaldi Leonardo Goffredo , Capecchi Alessandro , Maska Edlira , Comai Giorgia , Cappuccilli Maria L. , Carretta Elisa , Lombardi Alessandro , Colì Luigi , Stefoni Sergio 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAmong the causes of in‐hospital acute renal failure, contrast‐induced nephropathy ranks third in prevalence. Although it represents a condition of renal impairment with spontaneous recovery, contrast nephropathy should always be considered, because it prolongs hospitalization and it may become a severe complication requiring dialysis. The purposes of this study are: (i) to determine if the application of the most effective contrast‐induced nephropathy prevention strategies in the Cardiology Intensive Care Unit can prove to be successful in reducing nephropathy risk; and (ii) to identify which of the involved risk factors persist after the preventive treatment. We examined the patients who had a coronarography at the Bentivoglio hospital from April 2007 to April 2008 who required at least 3 days of permanence in hospital due to the presence of potential risk factors; 136 out of 784 patients were included. Among the selected patients, 21 (15.44%) developed a renal impairment compatible with contrast‐induced nephropathy. The risk factors that seemed to display the best correlation with risk of contrast nephropathy were advanced age and an ventricular failure (ejection fraction <40%); however, the critical condition did not appear to be due to a single risk factor, but it resulted from the association of more contextual risk factors. Particularly, the concomitant presence of ventricular failure, anemia, diabetes, previous myocardial infarction and advanced age (>70 years) determined a threefold increased risk of contrast nephropathy. Our data suggest that the development of contrast nephropathy following coronarography is associated with worse renal function during hospitalization and at discharge.
Identification of Abnormal Neuromagnetic Signatures in the Motor Cortex of Adolescent Migraine
Authors: Wang Xiaoshan , Xiang Jing , Wang Yingying , Pardos Maria , Meng Lu , Huo Xiaolin , Korostenskaja Milena , Powers Scott W. , Kabbouche Marielle A. , Hershey Andrew D. 
Published: May 2010

(Headache 2010;50:1005‐1016)Objective.— To investigate the functional abnormalities of the motor cortices in children with migraine using magnetoencephalography (MEG) and a finger‐tapping task.Background.— Cortical hyperexcitability has been reported in adults with migraine using MEG. Many children with migraine report difficulty with motor functioning. There is no report on motor‐evoked magnetic activation in children with migraine using MEG and the latest signal processing methods.Methods.— Ten children with migraine (all female, 9 right‐handed and 1 left‐handed, aged 13‐17 years) and 10 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy children were studied with a 275‐channel MEG system. After hearing a unilateral, randomly presented sound cue (500 Hz, 30 milliseconds square tone), each subject immediately performed a brisk index finger tapping with either the right or the left index finger. The auditory stimuli consisted of 200 trials of square tone, 100 trials per ear, randomly distributed. The latency and amplitude of neuromagnetic responses were analyzed with averaged waveforms. Neuromagnetic sources were estimated using synthetic aperture magnetometry (SAM). SAM images were normalized for each participant for group comparison.Results.— In comparison with healthy children, children with migraine had prolonged latency of motor‐evoked magnetic response in the right hemispheres during left finger movement (62.33 ± 34.55 milliseconds vs 34.9 ± 17.29 milliseconds, P < .05). In addition, children with migraine had stronger activation in the motor cortex during right finger movement (8097.46 ± 5168.99 vs 4697.54 ± 3194.74, P < .05).Conclusions.— The results suggest that there are neurophysiological changes in the motor cortices of children with migraine that can be measured with neuromagnetic imaging techniques. The findings expand the ability to study the cerebral mechanisms of migraine using MEG and may facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies in migraine treatment via alterations in cortical excitability.
Peripheral Nerve Blocks and Trigger Point Injections in Headache Management – A Systematic Review and Suggestions for Future Research
Authors: Ashkenazi Avi , Blumenfeld Andrew , Napchan Uri , Narouze Samer , Grosberg Brian , Nett Robert , DePalma Traci , Rosenthal Barbara , Tepper Stewart , Lipton Richard B. 
Published: May 2010

(Headache2010;50:943‐952)Interventional procedures such as peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) and trigger point injections (TPIs) have long been used in the treatment of various headache disorders. There are, however, little data on their efficacy for the treatment of specific headache syndromes. Moreover, there is no widely accepted agreement among headache specialists as to the optimal technique of injection, type, and doses of the local anesthetics used, and injection regimens. The role of corticosteroids in this setting is also debated. We performed a PubMed search of the literature to find studies on PNBs and TPIs for headache treatment. We classified the abstracted studies based on the procedure performed and the treated condition. We found few controlled studies on the efficacy of PNBs for headaches, and virtually none on the use of TPIs for this indication. The most widely examined procedure in this setting was greater occipital nerve block, with the majority of studies being small and non‐controlled. The techniques, as well as the type and doses of local anesthetics used for nerve blockade, varied greatly among studies. The specific conditions treated also varied, and included both primary (eg, migraine, cluster headache) and secondary (eg, cervicogenic, posttraumatic) headache disorders. Trigeminal (eg, supraorbital) nerve blocks were used in few studies. Results were generally positive, but should be taken with reservation given the methodological limitations of the available studies. The procedures were generally well tolerated. Evidently, there is a need to perform more rigorous clinical trials to clarify the role of PNBs and TPIs in the management of various headache disorders, and to aim at standardizing the techniques used for the various procedures in this setting.
Biospecimen repositories: are blood donors willing to participate?
Authors: Scott Erik A. , Schlumpf Karen S. , Mathew Sunitha M. , Mast Alan E. , Busch Michael P. , Gottschall Jerome L. ,   for the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study‐II (REDS‐II)
Published: May 2010

BACKGROUND: Sponsored by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Studies (REDS‐I/‐II) have conducted epidemiologic, laboratory, and survey research on volunteer blood donors. Some studies request additional permission to store biospecimens for future studies. The representativeness and applicability of studies performed using repositories may be reduced by low participation rates.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Demographics from subjects consenting to participate in the 2007 REDS‐II Leukocyte Antibodies Prevalence Study (LAPS) repository were compared to “study‐only” subjects. Data from the 1998 REDS‐I survey of donor opinion regarding storage and use of biospecimens were also explored.RESULTS: Overall, 91% of LAPS subjects agreed to participate in the repository. Odds of repository participation were lower among African American and Hispanic donors, 35‐ to 44‐year‐olds, donors who had not completed high school, and donors from one geographic location, regardless of other variables. Survey data from 1998 revealed that 97% of respondents approved of long‐term storage of biospecimens, although only 87% indicated that they would personally participate. Many respondents would require notification or their permission be obtained before participation. Minority respondents would require permission or notification more often and were less certain they would personally participate in a repository.CONCLUSION: Blood donors are quite willing to participate in biospecimen repositories. Regional differences and lower odds of participation in the minority blood donor population may result in a reduced number of biospecimens available for study and a decreased ability to definitely answer specific research questions in these populations.
Blood component preferences of transfusion services supporting infant transfusions: a University HealthSystem Consortium benchmarking study
Authors: Fung Mark K. , Roseff Susan D. , Vermoch Kathleen L. 
Published: May 2010

BACKGROUND:The extent of acceptability of red blood cells (RBCs) containing additive solutions (ASs) for low‐volume neonatal transfusions among hospitals is unknown. Also unknown is whether hospitals have policies that address the risk of hyperkalemia associated with prolonged storage either with or without irradiation for neonatal transfusions.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:A benchmarking survey of University HealthSystem Consortium members included questions regarding the acceptability of RBC units containing ASs for low‐volume neonatal transfusions, policies addressing the length of RBC storage in AS, and policies regarding storage periods after irradiation.RESULTS:Twenty‐eight of 47 respondents (60%) accept the use of at least one AS (AS‐1, AS‐3, or AS‐5). Twenty‐one (45%) accept the use of all three ASs for neonatal transfusions. Thirty‐seven of 45 respondents (82%) do not have a policy requiring washing of RBCs used for low‐volume transfusions beyond a specified number of days of storage or days after irradiation.CONCLUSIONS:Although the majority of institutions will use ASs, a significant number of institutions will not. The reasons for these policies were not elicited. Most respondents did not have a policy requiring washing beyond a specified number of days of storage or days after irradiation. Since RBCs stored for prolonged periods of time after irradiation have increased plasma potassium, it is important to develop policies to prevent clinically significant posttransfusion hyperkalemia in at‐risk patients when RBCs are irradiated and not used immediately. More work still needs to be done to resolve these fundamental precepts of neonatal transfusion.
Blood wastage reduction using Lean Sigma methodology
Authors: Heitmiller Eugenie S. , Hill Richard B. , Marshall Christi E. , Parsons Barbara J. , Berkow Lauren C. , Barrasso Christine A. , Zink Elizabeth K. , Ness Paul M. 
Published: May 2010

BACKGROUND: Red blood cell (RBC) product wastage in hospitals is reported to range from 0.1% to 6.7%. Wastage at our institution averaged 4.4% of 63,000 issued RBC products. Data indicated that approximately 87% of wasted RBC units were either individual units that were out of blood bank for more than 30 minutes (dispensed but not administered) or units packed in transport containers that had temperature indicators affixed to each unit. We hypothesized that Lean Sigma methodology could be used to reduce RBC wastage by 50%.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: An interdisciplinary hospital team (transfusion medicine, nursing, and anesthesiology) used Lean Sigma methodology as a tool to reduce RBC product wastage, with a focus on container wastage, which was determined to yield the largest impact. Using the five‐part Lean Sigma process—define, measure, analyze, improve, and control—the team collected baseline wastage data, identified major factors affecting RBC product wastage, and implemented interventions to reduce amount of wastage.RESULTS: Factors identified as contributors to RBC wastage most amenable to improvement were lack of awareness and training of staff ordering and handling RBC products, management of temperature‐validated containers, inconsistent interpretation of RBC temperature indicators, and need for accountability when ordering blood products. Overall RBC product wastage decreased from 4.4% to a sustained rate of less than 2%. This reduction decreased the number of RBC units wasted by approximately 4300 per year, savings approximately $800,000 over the 4‐year period of the study.CONCLUSIONS: Lean Sigma methodology was an effective tool for reducing RBC wastage in a large academic hospital.
Effects of storage duration and volume on the quality of leukoreduced apheresis‐derived platelets: implications for pediatric transfusion medicine
Authors: Winkler Anne M. , Sheppard Chelsea A. , Culler Elizabeth E. , Myers Robert L. , Duncan Alexander , Castillejo Marta‐Inés , Hillyer Christopher D. , Josephson Cassandra D. 
Published: May 2010

BACKGROUND: Platelet (PLT) storage adversely affects PLT structure and function in vitro and is associated with decreased PLT recovery and function in vivo. In pediatric transfusion medicine, it is not uncommon for small residual volumes to remain in parent units after aliquot preparation of leukoreduced apheresis‐derived PLTs (LR‐ADP). However, limited data exist regarding the impact of storage on residual small‐volume LR‐ADP.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Standard metabolic testing was performed on residual volumes of LR‐ADP after aliquot removal and PLT aggregometry using a dual agonist of ADP and collagen was performed on stored, small‐volume aliquots (10‐80 mL) created from an in vitro model of PLT storage.RESULTS: Seventy‐seven LR‐ADP underwent metabolic (n = 67) or metabolic and aggregation (n = 10) studies. All products maintained a pH value of more than 6.89 throughout storage. Lactate and pCO2 increased proportionally with longer storage time. Regardless of acceptable metabolism during storage, aggregation in 10‐ to 20‐mL aliquots was impaired by Day 4 and aliquots less than 40 mL demonstrated the most dramatic decrease in aggregation from baseline.CONCLUSIONS: Despite maintenance of acceptable metabolic conditions, residual volumes of LR‐ADP develop impaired aggregation in vitro that may adversely affect PLT survival and function in vivo. At volumes below 40 mL, LR‐ADP revealed reduced aggregation. As a result, it is recommended to monitor and record volumes of LR‐ADP used for pediatric transfusion. Moreover, once LR‐ADP attain a volume of 50 mL or less on Day 4 or Day 5 of storage, consider discarding these products until their in vivo efficacy can be studied.