bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Arylated Norbornyl Amino Acid Esters.
Authors: Gunkara Omer Tahir , Kulu Irem , Ocal Nuket , Kaufmann Dieter E. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA simple, stereoselective and versatile synthesis route to new optically active norbornyl derivatives of potential pharmacological interest (III), (V), (VII), and (IX) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of β1‐3‐Linked Galactosides.
Authors: Yu Hai , Thon Vireak , Lau Kam , Cai Li , Chen Yi , Mu Shengmao , Li Yanhong , Wang Peng George , Chen Xi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA variety of disacaccharides, e.g. T‐antigens (III) and (V), is prepared in high yields by one‐pot two‐enzyme‐catalyzed reactions (17 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: Verticilactam, a New Macrolactam Isolated from a Microbial Metabolite Fraction Library.
Authors: Nogawa Toshihiko , Okano Akiko , Takahashi Shunji , Uramoto Masakazu , Konno Hideaki , Saito Tamio , Osada Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe title compound, found in a metabolite fraction library of Streptomyces spiroverticillatus JC‐8444, does not exhibit any antibacterial, antifungal or cytotoxic effects in vitro.
Molecular Sieve Separations
Authors: Ruthven Douglas M. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe pore structures of adsorbents such as zeolites and metal‐organic frameworks comprise regular arrays of uniform channels of molecular dimensions, thus offering the possibility of size selective (molecular sieve) separations. Molecular sieve separations have traditionally been carried out in a cyclic batch adsorption/desorption process but, in principle, a steady state membrane process would be an attractive alternative. Considerable success has been achieved at the laboratory scale for several different molecular sieve separations but the difficulty of fabricating, on a large scale, a sufficiently coherent and robust zeolite membrane has largely prevented the commercial application of such processes. Selected examples of kinetic separations are presented in order to illustrate some of the features of such systems.
Estimation of Chromatographic Columns Performances using Computer Tomography and CFD Simulations
Authors: Schmidt Irma , Lottes Florian , Minceva Mirjana , Arlt Wolfgang , Stenby Erling H. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe flow inside a chromatographic column depends decisively on the packed bed inside. Non‐destructive X‐ray computed tomography (CT) was applied as a novel measurement technique to visualize the distribution of velocity and axial dispersion coefficients in preparative scale columns. The results show, that spherical particles seem to be more efficient than irregular ones in terms of HETP, which has to be partly a result of the more homogeneous flow profile they induce. The prediction of column performance in dependence of the structure of the packed bed was simulated by CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics), using a model which besides the hydrodynamics parameters attained by CT also includes adsorption isotherms and mass transfer parameters. The results of the CFD simulation shall help to establish rules for selecting the right adsorption material for a given separation task in advance.
Fluids Confined in Porous Materials: Towards a Unified Understanding of Thermodynamics and Dynamics
Authors: Monson Peter A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA recently developed theoretical approach to understand the relaxation processes for fluids confined in mesoporous materials, especially in adsorption/desorption from bulk gases, is discussed. The theory is based on a lattice gas formulation of the molecular interactions in the system and is referred to as dynamic mean field theory. The theory has the important property that the limiting behavior at long times is consistent with the results from mean field theory (or density functional theory) for the model. In this sense it provides a unified picture of thermodynamics and relaxation dynamics for the system. Two illustrative applications are presented. The first is to the dynamics of capillary condensation in a finite length slit pore in contact with a bulk gas. The second application is to the dynamics of cavitation during desorption from an inkbottle pore in contact with the bulk gas. The outlook for future developments and applications of the approach is also discussed.
Giving police and courts a break: The effect of community mediation on decreasing the use of police and court resources
Authors: Charkoudian Lorig 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis study examines the effect of mediation on the use of court and police resources. Using self‐reported data on cases that were mediated compared to cases not mediated, this research finds that participants in mediated cases are likely to decrease their use of court and law enforcement after mediation compared to participants in cases not mediated. This study uses the Heckman two‐step model to respond to the possibility of selection bias and finds that the effect of mediation holds true even when accounting for possible selection bias.
On the performance of two‐way relay channels using space–time codes
Authors: Xu Ning , Fu Shengli 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we explore the advantages of network coding and space–time coding in improving the performance of two‐way‐relayed communications where two terminals absent of direct links exchange information through a single relay in between. Network coding allows embracing the interference from other terminals thereby turning it into a capacity boost. The application of space–time codes yields higher capacity by exploiting the spatial diversity. The joint performance of both techniques is studied in this paper. Specifically, we consider the class of decode‐and‐forward (DF) relaying strategy, evaluated in terms of symbol error rate using BPSK and QPSK modulations by both theoretical analysis and simulation. Based on our results, DF outperforms the amplify‐and‐decode and partial‐decode‐and‐forward protocols. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extension of prioritized data analysis in the Foundation Fieldbus to three classes
Authors: Lee Yong Hee , Min Seung Hwan , Hong Seung Ho 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe Foundation Fieldbus data link layer provides both a token‐passing service required for sporadic data and a scheduled service for periodic data. It has three priority levels: urgent, normal, and time‐available. Modeling the virtual token rotation time (VTRT), which is the time required to receive tokens for the transmission of one's own data, is difficult due to the interactive data delay driven by the three priority levels. Therefore, a simplified mathematical model consisting of just two priority levels has been considered. In a previous research, the VTRT probability density function was defined using the probability of a token generation; however in the present study, a simpler expression was successfully developed in a system of three priority levels by tracking the token's priority changes generated by the link active scheduler. These priority changes are tracked by using the state transition probability and the state transition diagram of a token. Therefore, the success of this new mathematical model makes this research important. Furthermore, we found the existence and the cause of a fluctuating state, both of which are useful to a system designer for setting network parameters. The validity of the analytical model was verified in a simulation experiment. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gpr177/mouse Wntless is essential for Wnt‐mediated craniofacial and brain development
Authors: Fu Jiang , Ivy Yu Hsiao‐Man , Maruyama Takamitsu , Mirando Anthony J. , Hsu Wei 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe have previously demonstrated that Gpr177, the mouse orthologue of Drosophila Wls/Evi/Srt, is required for establishment of the anterior–posterior axis. The Gpr177 null phenotype is highly reminiscent to the loss of Wnt3, the earliest abnormality among all Wnt knockouts in mice. The expression of Gpr177 in various cell types and tissues lead us to hypothesize that reciprocal regulation of Wnt and Gpr177 is essential for the Wnt‐dependent developmental and pathogenic processes. Here, we create a new mouse strain permitting conditional inactivation of Gpr177. The loss of Gpr177 in the Wnt1‐expressing cells causes mid/hindbrain and craniofacial defects which are far more severe than the Wnt1 knockout, but resemble the double knockout of Wnt1 and Wnt3a as well as β‐catenin deletion in the Wnt1‐expressing cells. Our findings demonstrate the importance of Gpr177 in Wnt1‐mediated development of the mouse embryo, suggesting an overlapping function of Wnt family members in the Wnt1‐expressing cells. Developmental Dynamics 240:365–371, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Conspicuous Deprotonation in Complexes of Diphenyllead(IV) with Ligands Containing Both Semicarbazone and Thiosemicarbazone Chains
Authors: Casas José S. , Castro‐Vidal Estefanía , García‐Tasende María S. , Sánchez Agustín , Sordo José , Touceda Ángeles , Vázquez‐López Ezequiel M. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn the search for new chelating agents for organolead(IV) ions, 2,6‐diacetylpyridine was sequentially condensed with semicarbazide and 4‐methylthiosemicarbazide to give H2L1. According to an X‐ray study, this molecule is nearly planar with the semicarbazone (SC) and the thiosemicarbazone (TSC) chains in “open‐arm” and “closed‐arm” orientations, respectively. Similar condensation of 2,3‐butanedione with semicarbazide and 4‐methylthiosemicarbazide or with 4‐phenylsemicarbazide and 4‐phenylthiosemicarbazide afforded H2L2 and H2L3, respectively. The reactions of H2Lx with diphenyllead(IV) diacetate in methanol gave the complexes [PbPh2(HL1)](OAc)0.75Cl0.25·2.375H2O, [PbPh2(OAc)(HL2)]·MeOH and [PbPh2(H0.5L3)(MeOH)](OAc)0.5. When the latter was recrystallised from dmso, the new derivative [PbPh2(L3)(dmso)]·2dmso was isolated. The X‐ray study of the H2L1 complex showed that the ligand, with the TSC chain deprotonated and the SC chain not deprotonated, binds the organometallic moiety through the N3, N4, N5, O1 and S atoms to afford a previously unknown [PbC2N3OS] kernel. In the H2L2 and H2L3 complexes the coordination for the diphenyllead(IV) moiety is the same, with the ligand N,N,S,O‐bound, but these complexes differ in the protonation status of the SC chain. In [PbPh2(OAc)(HL2)]·MeOH the chain is not deprotonated, and in [PbPh2(L3)(dmso)]·2dmso it is deprotonated. Conspicuously, in [PbPh2(H0.5L3)(MeOH)](OAc)0.5 the SC “arm” is formally only “half” deprotonated according to the X‐ray study and analysis of the occupation factors in the lattice. From a more “chemical” point of view, this complex can be depicted as containing both (HL3)– and (L3)2– ligands in a 1:1 ratio. This partial deprotonation of the SC chain is supported both by a bond length analysis and by 1H NMR spectroscopy.
Preparation and Characterization of Nonclassical Tetraazaporphyrin, Bis(4‐methylpyridine)[1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15‐octaphenyltetra(3,4‐thieno)tetraazaporphyrinato]ruthenium(II)
Authors: Kimura Takeshi , Iwama Takashi , Namauo Toshiharu , Suzuki Eiichi , Fukuda Takamitsu , Kobayashi Nagao , Sasamori Takahiro , Tokitoh Norihiro 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe tetramerization reaction of 2,5‐diphenyl‐3,4‐dicyanothiophene (2) proceeded on treatment with ruthenium(III) trichloride, DBU, and 4‐methylpyridine in 2‐ethoxyethanol at 135 °C to give bis(4‐methylpyridine)[1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15‐octaphenyltetra(3,4‐thieno)tetraazaporphyrinato]ruthenium(II)(3). Because the structure of this product cannot be represented by a usual bonding system, this molecule has to contain an unusual tetravalent sulfur atom in one of the four thiophene rings. In the 1H NMR spectrum of the product, signals from 4‐methylpyridine coordinated to the central ruthenium atom showed an upfield shift. The structure of 3 was determined by X‐ray crystallography, which revealed that 3 has four thiophene units linked at their 3,4‐positions to the tetraazaporphyrin scaffold. Four pairs of phenyl groups are in close proximity and are sterically congested, which causes the four thiophene rings to deviate from the mean plane of the central four pyrrole nitrogen atoms. The UV/Vis spectrum of 3 shows a Q‐band absorption at λmax = 758 nm. In the MCD spectrum of 3, dispersion‐type absorptions (Faraday A term) are observed at 746 and 776 nm. The MCD spectra suggest that the two LUMOs of 3 could be degenerate even though its structure deviates from D4h symmetry. The electrochemical properties of 3 were examined by cyclic voltammetry with Ag/AgNO3 as the reference electrode. The optimized structure and the NMR shielding constants of a simplified model molecule were calculated by using density functional theory.
An anti‐diffusive volume of fluid method for interfacial fluid flows
Authors: Chen Y. G. , Price W. G. , Temarel P. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA volume of fluid (VOF) method is developed combining a first‐order limited downwind scheme with higher order accurate schemes. The method is characterized by retaining a sharp fluid interface and a reduction in numerical diffusion near the interface, but avoids complicated geometrical reconstruction as occurs in most volume tracing algorithms. To demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of the method, a selection of numerical experiments are presented involving a pure advection problem, a water wave impact caused by a dam breaking and liquid sloshing in a partially filled tank. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the use of sensitivity analysis in model reduction to predict flows for varying inflow conditions
Authors: Hay Alexander , Akhtar Imran , Borggaard Jeff T. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe proper orthogonal decomposition (POD)‐based model reduction method is more and more successfully used in fluid flows. However, the main drawback of this methodology rests in the robustness of these reduced order models (ROMs) beyond the reference at which POD modes have been derived. Any variation in the flow or shape parameters within the ROM fails to predict the correct dynamics of the flow field. To broaden the spectrum of these models, the POD modes should have the global characteristics of the flow field over which the predictions are required. Mixing of snapshots with varying parameters is one way to improve the global nature of the modes but is computationally demanding because it requires full‐order solutions for a number of parameter values in order to assemble atextitrich enough database on which to perform POD. Instead, we have used sensitivity analysis (SA) to include the flow and shape parameters influence during the basis selection process to develop more robust ROMs for varying viscosity (Reynolds number), changing orientation and shape definition of bodies. This study aims at extending these ideas to inflow conditions to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in capturing the effect of varying inflow on the dynamics of the flow over an elliptic cylinder. Numerical experiments show that the newly derived models allow for a more accurate representation of the flows when exploring the parameter space. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bedrock infiltration and mountain block recharge accounting using chloride mass balance
Authors: Aishlin Pam , McNamara James P 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMountain front catchment net groundwater recharge (NR) represents the upper end of mountain block recharge (MBR) groundwater flow paths. Using environmental chloride in precipitation, streamflow and groundwater, we apply chloride mass balance (CMB) to estimate NR at multiple catchment scales within the 27 km2 Dry Creek Experimental Watershed (DCEW) on the Boise Front, southwestern Idaho. The estimate for average annual precipitation partitioning to NR is approximately 14% for DCEW. In contrast, as much as 44% of annual precipitation routes to NR in ephemeral headwater catchments. NR in headwater catchments is likely routed to downgradient springs, baseflow, and MBR, while downgradient streamflow losses contribute further to MBR. A key assumption in the CMB approach is that the change in stored chloride during the study period is zero. We found that this assumption is violated in some individual years, but that a 5‐year integration period is sufficient. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Probabilistic rainfall thresholds for flood forecasting: evaluating different methodologies for modelling rainfall spatial correlation (or dependence)
Authors: Golian Saeed , Saghafian Bahram , Elmi Mohammad , Maknoon Reza 
Published: January 2011

AbstractRainfall threshold (RT) method is one of the evolving flood forecasting approaches. When the cumulative rainfall depth for a given initial soil moisture condition intersects the threshold rainfall curve, the peak discharge is expected to be equal or greater than the threshold discharge for flooding at the target site. Besides the total rainfall depth, spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall impacts the flood peak discharge and the time to peak. To revisit a previous study conducted by the authors, in which spatially independent rainfall pattern was assumed, the spatial distribution of rainfall was simulated following a Monte Carlo approach. The structure of the spatial dependence among sub‐watersheds' rainfalls was taken into account under three different scenarios, namely independent, bivariate copula (2copula) and multivariate Gaussian copula (MGC). For each set of generated random dimensionless rainfalls, the probabilistic RT curves were derived for dry moisture condition. Results were evaluated with both historical and simulated events. For the simulated events, threshold curves were assessed by means of categorical statistics, such as hit rate, false rate and critical success index (CSI). Results revealed that the best performance based on the CSI criterion corresponded to 50% curve in 2copula and MGC scenarios as well as 90% curve in the independent scenario. The recognition of 50% curve in 2copula and MGC scenarios is in agreement with our expectations that the mean probable curve should have the best performance. Moreover, the proposed inclusion of spatially dependent rainfall scenario improved the performance of RT curves by about 25% in comparison with the presumed spatially uniform rainfall scenario. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The movement of internal facial features elicits 7 to 8‐month‐old infants' preference for face patterns
Authors: Ichikawa Hiroko , Kanazawa So , Yamaguchi Masami K. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA preference for static face patterns is observed in newborns and disappears around 3 months after birth. A previous study has demonstrated that 5‐month‐old infants prefer schematic faces only when the internal features are moving, suggesting that face‐specific movement enhances infants' preference.The present study investigates the facilitative effect of the movement of internal facial features on infants' preference. To examine infants' preference, we used animated face patterns consisting of a head‐shaped contour and three disk blobs. The inner blobs expanded and contracted to represent the opening and closing of the eyes and mouth, and were constrained to open and close only in a biologically possible vertical direction resembling the facial muscle structure. We compared infants' preferential looking time for this vertically moving (VM) face pattern with their looking time for a horizontally moving (HM) face pattern in which blobs transformed at the same speed in a biologically impossible, horizontal direction.In Experiment 1, 7 to 8‐month‐olds preferred the VM to the HM, but 5 to 6‐month‐olds did not. However, the preference was diminished in both cases when the moving face patterns were presented without contour (Experiment 2). Our results suggest that internal facial features with vertical movements promote face preference in 7 to 8‐month‐olds. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resilience, strengths, and regulatory capacities: Hidden resources in developmental disorders of infant mental health
Authors: Papoušek Mechthild 
Published: January 2011

AbstractResilience research has demonstrated convincingly that the strengths of resilient children growing up adaptively in the midst of adversity can be traced back to salient attributes of the parent‐‐infant system. Drawing on various strands of developmental infancy research, the present essay focuses on strengths in infants' intrinsic regulatory capacities, in the parents' intuitive communicative competence, and in parent‐‐infant communication as a biologically based, reciprocal reward system. Adaptive and protective roles of the system are discussed in relation to normal developmental perturbations and individual variation on both sides of the system and, based on results from the Munich Interdisciplinary Research and Intervention Program for Fussy Babies, in relation to early excessive crying and other disorders of behavioral and emotional regulation. The final section outlines how this knowledge can be applied in systemic, strength‐based approaches to parent‐‐infant counseling and psychotherapy, with emphasis on the therapeutic potential of videomicroanalytic feedback.
From outside to inside to outside: Comments on intrapsychic representations and interpersonal interactions
Authors: Bürgin Dieter 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe external world is represented intrapsychically in a specific way. Following the age of an infant, for example, the structure, quality, and the degree of symbolization will be different. The term representation in science is filled with different contents. In psychoanalysis, we see a development from Sigmund Freud's “(Sach‐ or Wort‐)Vorstellungen” to internal objects, then to self–object representations and finally—following newer results of the concept of intersubjectivity and especially under the influence of infant mental‐ and interactional research—to self–object interaction representations. Some aspects of this development are presented more in detail. Knowing that on one hand, interaction in external reality is structured by the self–object interaction representations of each interacting partner and that on the other hand, what happens during the interactions in external reality modifies the representational world of all the interactive persons (i.e., their inner reality), one can observe constant movements from inside to outside (e.g., transference, action) and from outside to inside of the individual (e.g., perception, stimulation, containment, modification). Clinical implications for the actual way of understanding are manifold, but are here only very shortly delineated.
Imitative behaviors facilitate communicative gaze in children with autism
Authors: Sanefuji Wakako , Ohgami Hidehiro 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAdult imitation of children with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) is likely to be effective in facilitating their communicative gaze behaviors. This study compared imitative behaviors to contingent, but not‐imitative, behaviors in children with ASD and those with typical development (TD). The caretakers were asked to play an imitative role to explore the effects of imitation intervention on parenting. The results indicated that children with ASD gazed longer at imitative behaviors than mere contingent behaviors while children with TD gazed at their mother irrespective of her type of intervention. The present study highlights the benefits of caretakers using imitation while caring for children with ASD. The power of imitation for children with ASD suggests its therapeutic application to home‐based intervention by caretakers.