bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Projected changes in heat, extreme precipitation, and their spatially compound events over China’s coastal lands and seas through a high-resolution climate models ensemble
Authors: Zhang Runkai , Zhu Jinxin , Wang Dagang , Wei Chunzhu , Dong Cong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
China’s coastal lands and seas are highly susceptible to the changing environment due to their dense population and frequent economic activities. These areas experience more significant impacts from climate change-induced extreme events than elsewhere. The most noticeable effects of climate change are extreme high temperatures and extreme precipitation. We employ an ensemble of RCMs (Regional Climate Models) to investigate and project changes in temperature, precipitation, and Compound Heat-Precipitation Extreme events (CHPEs) over selected China’s coastal lands and seas for both historical (1985–2004) and future periods (2080–2099). The multi-model ensemble projects that daily temperature extremes will increase by 2.9 °C to 5.4 °C across China’s coastal lands and seas, with land areas showing a higher temperature increase than marine areas. Extreme precipitation shows a high geographical heterogeneity with a 2.8–3.9 mm d−1 reduction over the 15–25°N marine areas while a 2.2–5.4 mm d−1 increment over the 25°N-35°N land areas. We use the Clausius–Clapeyron relationship to reveal that the peak of daily extreme precipitation will increase by 2–7 mm d−1 and the temperature at which extreme precipitation peaks will increase by 2 °C to 6 °C by warming. The land area of 25–30°N has the highest peak precipitation increase of 9.87 mm d−1 and a peak temperature increase of 6 °C. As precipitation extremes intensify with daily temperature extremes increase, CHPEs are projected to occur more frequently over both land and marine areas. Compared with the historical period, the frequency of CHPEs will increase by 40.9%-161.2% over marine areas, and by 36.2%-163.6% over land areas in the future. The 15–20°N area has the highest frequency increase of CHPE events, and the 25–30°N area has the largest difference in frequency increase under two different scenarios. It indicated that the 25–30°N area will be more easily affected by climate change.
Divergent structural leaf trait spectra in succulent versus non-succulent plant taxa
Authors: Mozzi Giacomo , Crivellaro Alan , Blasini Davis E , Vásquez-Cruz Marilyn , Hernández-Hernández Tania , Hultine Kevin R 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background and Scope
Plant functional traits are the result of natural selection to optimize carbon gain, leading to a broad spectrum of traits across environmental gradients. Among plant traits, leaf water storage capacity is paramount for plant drought resistance. We explored whether leaf-succulent taxa follow trait correlations similar to those of non-leaf-succulent taxa to evaluate whether both are similarly constrained by relationships between leaf water storage and climate.

Methods
We tested the relationships among three leaf traits related to water storage capacity and resource use strategies in 132 species comprising three primary leaf types: succulent, sclerophyllous, and leaves with rapid returns on water investment, referred to as fast return. Correlation coefficients among specific leaf area (SLA), water mass per unit of area (WMA), and saturated water content (SWC) were tested, along with relationships between leaf trait spectra and aridity determined from species occurrence records.

Results
Both SWC and WMA at a given SLA were ~10-fold higher in succulent leaves than in non-succulent leaves. While SWC actually increased with SLA in non-succulent leaves, no relationship was detected between SWC and SLA in succulent leaves, although WMA decreased with SLA in all leaf types. A principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that succulent taxa occupied a widely different mean trait space than either fast-return (P &lt; 0.0001) or sclerophyllous (P &lt; 0.0001) taxa along the first PCA axis, which explained 63 % of mean trait expression among species. However, aridity only explained 12 % of the variation in PCA1 values. This study is among the first to establish a structural leaf trait spectrum in succulent leaf taxa and quantify contrasts in leaf water storage among leaf types relative to specific leaf area.

Conclusions
Trait coordination in succulent leaf taxa may not follow patterns similar to those of widely studied non-succulent taxa.
It’s an Imagined Fuṣḥatopia: Teacher Language Ideologies and Multilingual Practices in Arabic Heritage Learning in the United States
Authors: Abourehab Yousra 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This article examines teacher ideologies and multilingual practices in teaching Arabic as a heritage language in the USA. Using indexicality and its nexus to language ideologies, it identifies the key index values assigned to Standard Arabic (SA) and how these shape teacher positioning for teaching Arabic heritage. The article also analyzes the extent to which these ideologies are congruent or incongruent with their classroom practices. The findings of in-depth semi-structured interviews showed teachers’ veneration of SA with representations that index ‘perfection’, ‘majesty’, ‘purism’, and ‘generosity’. Although teachers seemed tolerant of using Arabic dialects strategically, their overall positioning supported teaching SA and minimized teaching dialects. Drawing on data from a larger corpus of around 25 hr of classroom video recordings, teachers showed ubiquitous multilingual and multidialectal practices in classroom discourse. With its dual focus on language ideologies and practices, this article enriches the discussion about the idealization of SA (fuṣḥatopia) as restricting the potential of Arabic dialects as important resources for learning SA. It also disrupts the linguistic hierarchy between SA and the dialects.
Outcomes in Subfascial Versus Subglandular Planes in Breast Augmentation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Yuan Morgan , Kim Patrick , Gallo Lucas , Austin Ryan E , Lista Frank , Ahmad Jamil 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Breast augmentation is the most commonly performed aesthetic surgery procedure in women worldwide. The use of the subfascial plane has been suggested to decrease the incidence of capsular contracture compared with the subglandular plane, while simultaneously avoiding the complication of animation deformity in the subpectoral plane. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the adverse outcomes of subfascial vs subglandular planes in breast augmentation. This review was registered a priori on OSF (https://osf.io/pm92e/). A search from inception to June 2023 was performed on MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL. A hand search was also performed. All randomized and comparative cohort studies that assessed the use of the subfascial plane for breast augmentation were included. Outcomes evaluated included the incidences of seroma, hematoma, infection, rippling, capsular contracture, and revision surgery. Ten studies were included in this systematic review. Three randomized controlled trials and 7 comparative cohort studies were used for quantitative synthesis. There was a significant difference favoring subfascial compared with subglandular planes in the incidence of hematoma, rippling, and capsular contracture. All included studies had a high risk of bias. The current evidence suggests that the subfascial plane for breast augmentation decreases the risk of capsular contracture, hematoma, and rippling compared with the subglandular plane. Further randomized evidence with high methodological rigor is still required to validate these findings.

Level of Evidence: 3
Improving the Retention of Low-Volume Autologous Fat Grafting: A Comparative Analysis of Lipoaspirate Processing Techniques for Facial Feminization
Authors: Carruthers Katherine H , Austen William G , Remy Katya , Hamaguchi Ryoko , Liu Sofia , Vyas Krishna , Bojovic Branko 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Outcomes following autologous fat grafting have historically been unpredictable because of variability in fat retention rates. The novel poloxamer wash, absorption, mesh filtration system (PWAS) uses proprietary technology to stabilize and concentrate lipoaspirate. Its use in low-volume fat grafting has not been reported.

Objectives
The authors in this study aimed to compare PWAS technology with traditional lipoaspirate processing techniques in low-volume fat grafting procedures.

Methods
Medical charts were reviewed to determine a consecutive cohort of patients who underwent fat grafting for facial feminization. All patients had obtained preoperative and postoperative 3-dimensional facial imaging. Patients were grouped based on the method of lipoaspirate processing. The analysis software was used to measure changes in facial volume, and percent retention was calculated.

Results
Between September 2021 and February 2023, 11 facial fat grafting procedures were performed using the PWAS, and 5 performed using traditional lipoaspirate osmotic filtration with Telfa. Age and BMI were statistically similar between both the groups (P &gt; .1). The average volume of lipoaspirate that was grafted was 23.4 mL (standard deviation [SD] 10.9 mL) and similar between both the groups (P &gt; .1). The mean follow-up duration was 7.1 months (SD 3.1 months): 7.2 months, SD 3.5 months in the PWAS group vs 7.0 months, SD 2.2 months in the osmotic filtration group (P &gt; .5). The average fat volume retention rate was 73.1% (SD 6.8%) in patients in whom the PWAS was used when compared with 46.1% (SD 5.2%) in patients in whom osmotic filtration was used (P &gt; .01).

Conclusions
For patients undergoing low volume fat grafting, the PWAS technology may result in improved fat retention rates when compared with traditional lipoaspirate processing with Telfa.

Level of Evidence: 4
A hybrid demultiplexing strategy that improves performance and robustness of cell hashing
Authors: Li Lei , Sun Jiayi , Fu Yanbin , Changrob Siriruk , McGrath Joshua J C , Wilson Patrick C 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Cell hashing, a nucleotide barcode-based method that allows users to pool multiple samples and demultiplex in downstream analysis, has gained widespread popularity in single-cell sequencing due to its compatibility, simplicity, and cost-effectiveness. Despite these advantages, the performance of this method remains unsatisfactory under certain circumstances, especially in experiments that have imbalanced sample sizes or use many hashtag antibodies. Here, we introduce a hybrid demultiplexing strategy that increases accuracy and cell recovery in multi-sample single-cell experiments. This approach correlates the results of cell hashing and genetic variant clustering, enabling precise and efficient cell identity determination without additional experimental costs or efforts. In addition, we developed HTOreader, a demultiplexing tool for cell hashing that improves the accuracy of cut-off calling by avoiding the dominance of negative signals in experiments with many hashtags or imbalanced sample sizes. When compared to existing methods using real-world datasets, this hybrid approach and HTOreader consistently generate reliable results with increased accuracy and cell recovery.
Health-related quality of life by type of breast surgery in women with primary breast cancer: prospective longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Gulis Kim , Ellbrant Julia , Bendahl Pär-Ola , Svensjö Tor , Rydén Lisa 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Health-related quality of life and patient-related outcome measures for patients with cancer have gained increased interest over the last decade. However, few prospective studies with longitudinal data evaluated health-related quality of life in patients with breast cancer. This study aimed to investigate how health-related quality of life changed from the time of diagnosis to 1 year after breast cancer surgery for the main surgical techniques.

Methods
This prospective longitudinal single-centre study included patients with primary breast cancer diagnosed in 2019–2020 who underwent surgery. Patients completed a health-related quality of life questionnaire (Breast-Q) at baseline. One year after surgery, they completed the Breast-Q a second time, the EORTC (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer) quality of life questionnaire-C30 and the quality of life questionnaire-BR23. Analysis of variance and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to evaluate the differences in health-related quality of life between surgical groups. Analysis of covariance with robust standard errors was used to adjust for confounders.

Results
In total, 340 patients were included in the study; 160 patients received oncoplastic partial mastectomy, 112 received partial mastectomy, 42 received mastectomy and 26 had mastectomy with immediate reconstruction. Patients that had partial mastectomy or oncoplastic partial mastectomy were more satisfied with their breasts (P &lt; 0.001), had a better body image (P = 0.006) and higher sexual functioning scores (P = 0.027) than patients who had a mastectomy with/without reconstruction. The oncoplastic and mastectomy with reconstruction groups had more breast symptoms than other groups (P &lt; 0.001), and the mastectomy group had the least symptoms from the chest area.

Conclusion
Partial mastectomy and oncoplastic partial mastectomy have the best outcomes in terms of breast satisfaction, body image and sexual functioning. This highlights the importance of preserving the breast when feasible and underscores that breast reconstruction is not equal to breast conservation.
Registration number: NCT04227613 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
The immune system in Parkinson's disease: what we know so far
Authors: Roodveldt Cintia , Bernardino Liliana , Oztop-Cakmak Ozgur , Dragic Milorad , Fladmark Kari E , Ertan Sibel , Aktas Busra , Pita Carlos , Ciglar Lucia , Garraux Gaetan , Williams-Gray Caroline , Pacheco Rodrigo , Romero-Ramos Marina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractParkinson's disease is characterized neuropathologically by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral midbrain, the accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates in neurons and chronic neuroinflammation. In the past two decades, in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo studies have consistently shown the involvement of inflammatory responses mediated by microglia and astrocytes, which may be elicited by pathological α-syn or signals from affected neurons and other cell types, and are directly linked to neurodegeneration and disease development. Apart from the prominent immune alterations seen in the CNS, including the infiltration of T cells into the brain, more recent studies have demonstrated important changes in the peripheral immune profile within both the innate and adaptive compartments, particularly involving monocytes, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.This review aims to integrate the consolidated understanding of immune-related processes underlying the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, focusing on both central and peripheral immune cells, neuron-glia crosstalk as well as the central-peripheral immune interaction during the development of Parkinson's disease. Our analysis seeks to provide a comprehensive view of the emerging knowledge of the mechanisms of immunity in Parkinson's disease and the implications of this for better understanding the overall pathogenesis of this disease.
One-pot synthesis of HKUST-1 monolith for CO2 adsorption
Authors: Sakai Motomu , Ito Ayaka , Matsumoto Takaya , Matsukata Masahiko 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Shape-forming technology is essential for the widespread utilization of metal-organic frameworks. We developed a one-pot synthesis method for an HKUST-1 monolith. An HKUST-1 monolith was successfully prepared by the hydrothermal treatment of a Cu monolith in an aqueous solution of 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid, ethanol, and nitric acid without the addition of a metal source. The prepared HKUST-1 monolith showed CO2 adsorption properties comparable to those of commercially available HKUST-1 powdery crystals.
Artificial Intelligence-assisted Video Colonoscopy for Disease Monitoring of Ulcerative Colitis: A Prospective Study
Authors: Ogata Noriyuki , Maeda Yasuharu , Misawa Masashi , Takenaka Kento , Takabayashi Kaoru , Iacucci Marietta , Kuroki Takanori , Takishima Kazumi , Sasabe Keisuke , Niimura Yu , Kawashima Jiro , Ogawa Yushi , Ichimasa Katsuro , Nakamura Hiroki , Matsudaira Shingo , Sasanuma Seiko , Hayashi Takemasa , Wakamura Kunihiko , Miyachi Hideyuki , Baba Toshiyuki , Mori Yuichi , Ohtsuka Kazuo , Ogata Haruhiko , Kudo Shin-ei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Backgrounds and Aims
The Mayo endoscopic subscore [MES] is the most popular endoscopic disease activity measure of ulcerative colitis [UC]. Artificial intelligence [AI]-assisted colonoscopy is expected to reduce diagnostic variability among endoscopists. However, no study has been conducted to ascertain whether AI-based MES assignments can help predict clinical relapse, nor has AI been verified to improve the diagnostic performance of non-specialists.

Methods
This open-label, prospective cohort study enrolled 110 patients with UC in clinical remission. The AI algorithm was developed using 74 713 images from 898 patients who underwent colonoscopy at three centres. Patients were followed up after colonoscopy for 12 months, and clinical relapse was defined as a partial Mayo score &gt; 2. A multi-video, multi-reader analysis involving 124 videos was conducted to determine whether the AI system reduced the diagnostic variability among six non-specialists.

Results
The clinical relapse rate for patients with AI-based MES = 1 (24.5% [12/49]) was significantly higher [log-rank test, p = 0.01] than that for patients with AI-based MES = 0 (3.2% [1/31]). Relapse occurred during the 12-month follow-up period in 16.2% [13/80] of patients with AI-based MES = 0 or 1 and 50.0% [10/20] of those with AI-based MES = 2 or 3 [log-rank test, p = 0.03]. Using AI resulted in better inter- and intra-observer reproducibility than endoscopists alone.

Conclusions
Colonoscopy using the AI-based MES system can stratify the risk of clinical relapse in patients with UC and improve the diagnostic performance of non-specialists.
Differential gene expression of leaflet tissue in chronic ovine functional tricuspid regurgitation
Authors: Gaweda Boguslaw , Goodyke Austin , Prokop Jeremy , Arora Sanjana , Iwasieczko Artur , Piekarska Magda , Zagorski Joseph , Widenka Kazimierz , Rausch Manuel K , Aguirre Aitor , Timek Tomasz A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Severe functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR) is associated with subvalvular remodelling, but leaflet tissue alterations may also contribute. We set out to investigate molecular mechanisms driving leaflet remodelling in chronic ovine FTR.

METHODS
Thirteen adult sheep (55 ± 4 kg) underwent left thoracotomy, epicardial echocardiography and pulmonary artery banding to induce right heart failure and FTR. After 16 weeks, 13 banded (FTR) and 12 control animals underwent median sternotomy for epicardial echocardiography and were subsequently sacrificed with each tricuspid leaflet tissue harvested for RNA-seq and histology.

RESULTS
After 16 weeks, 7 animals developed severe, 2 moderate and 4 mild tricuspid regurgitation. Relative to control, FTR animals had increased pulmonary artery pressure, tricuspid regurgitation, tricuspid annular diameter and right atrial volume, while tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and right ventricle fractional area change decreased. FTR leaflets exhibited altered constituents and an increase in cellularity. RNA-seq identified 85 significantly differentially expressed genes with 17, 53 and 127 within the anterior, posterior and septal leaflets, respectively. RRM2, PRG4 and CXCL8 (IL-8) were identified as differentially expressed genes across all leaflets and CXCL8 was differentially expressed between FTR severity grades. RRM2, PRG4 and CXCL8 significantly correlated with tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, and this correlation was consistent regardless of the anatomical location of the leaflet.

CONCLUSIONS
Pulmonary artery banding in our ovine model resulted in right ventricle failure and FTR. Leaflet RNA-seq identified several differentially expressed genes, specifically RRM2, PRG4 and CXCL8, with known roles in tissue remodelling. These data, along with an overall increase in leaflet cellularity, suggest tricuspid leaflets actively remodel in FTR.
Multiple giant intercostal and lumbar artery aneurysms
Authors: Vento Vincenzo , Felici Luca , Berretta Paolo , Gatta Emanuele 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This case report presents a 49-year-old male with multiple intercostal and lumbar aneurysms of the thoraco-abdominal aorta, complicating a history of aortic surgeries and comorbidities. Following emergent surgical repair of a ruptured lumbar aneurysm, a multidisciplinary team opted for staged interventions, mitigating risks and optimizing outcomes. Treatment stages involved surgical ligation and endovascular embolization, aiming to minimize complications, particularly spinal cord ischaemia. This case underscores the challenges of managing complex and rare aortic pathology, highlighting the importance of multidisciplinary care and close follow-up to mitigate risks.
Thromboembolic and bleeding complications after elective cardioversion of atrial fibrillation: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Itäinen-Strömberg Saga , Lehto Mika , Halminen Olli , Putaala Jukka , Haukka Jari , Lehtonen Ossi , Teppo Konsta , Mustonen Pirjo , Linna Miika , Hartikainen Juha , Airaksinen Kari Eino Juhani , Aro Aapo L 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aims
Elective cardioversion (ECV) is routinely used in atrial fibrillation (AF) to restore sinus rhythm. However, it includes a risk of thromboembolism even during adequate oral anticoagulation treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of thromboembolic and bleeding complications after ECV in a real-life setting utilizing data from a large AF population.

Methods and results
This nationwide register-based study included all (n = 9625) Finnish AF patients undergoing their first-ever ECV between 2012 and 2018. The thromboembolic and bleeding complications within 30 days after ECV were analysed. The mean age of the patients was 67.7 ± 9.9 years, 61.2% were men, and the mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was 2.6 ± 1.6. Warfarin was used in 6245 (64.9%) and non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in 3380 (35.1%) cardioversions. Fifty-two (0.5%) thromboembolic complications occurred, of which 62% were ischaemic strokes, 25% transient ischaemic attacks, and 13% other systemic embolisms. Thromboembolic events occurred in 14 (0.4%) NOAC-treated patients and in 38 (0.6%) warfarin-treated patients (odds ratio 0.77; confidence interval: 0.42–1.39). The median time from ECV to the thromboembolic event was 2 days, and 78% of the events occurred within 10 days. Age and alcohol abuse were significant predictors of thromboembolic events. Among warfarin users, thromboembolic complications were more common with international normalized ratio (INR) &lt;2.5 than INR ≥2.5 (0.9% vs. 0.4%, P = 0.026). Overall, 27 (0.3%) bleeding events occurred.

Conclusion
The rate of thromboembolic and bleeding complications related to ECV was low without significant difference between NOAC- and warfarin-treated patients. With warfarin, INR ≥2.5 at the time of cardioversion reduced the risk of thromboembolic complications.