bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Female Leadership Lead to Better Economic and Social Development? Evidence from Local Chinese Governments
Authors: Guo Qian , Teng Yanchuan , Xu Zhixing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

What are the consequences of having a female leader for economic and political outcomes? This study investigates the impact of female leadership on policy outcomes at the local government level in China. Based on institutional theory and role theory, we investigate the impacts of women’s service as Chinese Communist Party (CCP) secretaries or government mayors on local economic growth and social policies. Based on municipal economic performance, government financial expenditures, and demographic data from the period between 1995 and 2015 in China, the results suggest that the influence of gender roles is eliminated when women are involved in leading local economic development, which receives strong institutional pressure. In contrast, female leadership is more conducive to social development, which is more likely to be subject to a leader’s discretion. Female leaders may not ensure better economic growth than male leaders, as indexed by GDP growth rates, but they usually produce more balanced and welfare-oriented development, as measured by higher expenditureson social security and employment.
Prediction of Supercapacitor Performance for Cobalt Oxide and Its Derivatives using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Shukla Shraddha , Manikandan  
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Supercapacitors' high-power density and quick charge-discharge times have made them stand out as potential energy storage technologies. The electrochemical properties of cobalt oxide and its derivatives have sparked substantial interest in their application as electrode materials for supercapacitors. This study aims to predict the performance of supercapacitors utilizing cobalt oxide and its derivatives through different machine learning models. The prediction model integrates material properties, electrode morphology, and electrolyte characteristics to forecast key performance metrics such as specific capacitance, energy density, power density and cyclic stability. By employing advanced computational tools, this research contributes to the understanding and optimization of cobalt oxide-based supercapacitors, facilitating their use in many different systems that stores energy. The experimental results such as high TPR values of all the grades (0.87 for grade A, 0.91 for grade B, 0.62 for grade C and 0.79 for grade D) on applying RF model confirm the predictive methodology outlined in this study. Furthermore, according to this study, MLP model combined with bagging (Bagging + MLP) is a better model as it gives least MAE and RMSE of 0.15 and 0.30 respectively with a precision of 0.642, recall of 0.562, accuracy of 0.836 and F1 score of 0.579.
AN INTEGRATED DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM: POTENTIAL FOR HORTICULTURE
Authors: Ikerd John E. 
Published: April 2024

Farming operations must be both environmentally sound and economically viable if they are to be sustainable over time. Thus, farmers of the future must be able to balance environmental and economic concerns in making management decisions. An integrated farm decision support system, PLANETOR, has been developed to help farmers balance soil loss, water quality risks, production efficiency, and profitability in the farm planning process.PLANETOR is a site-specific, field-level, multi-year, computer-based program which allows farmers to evaluate alternative resource management strategies; including cropping sequence, tillage methods, and pest management practices within a whole-farm systems context. The PLANETOR program may be particularly useful for horticultural crop producers who are attempting to use crop rotations and integrated pest management strategies to reduce their reliance on commercial chemical inputs and thus reduce environmental risks and input costs without sacrificing productivity.
GROWTH AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS STUDIES OF ONCIDIUM ORCHID
Authors: C.S. Hew , Yong W.H. 
Published: April 2024

The growth and photosynthesis of Oncidium Goldiana, a popular tropical orchid for cut flower production, have been studied. Four main developmental stages of Oncidium Goldiana vert identified: bud stage, plantlet stage, unsheathing stage and pseudobulb stage. Pseudobulb formation occured during the unsheathing stage which was closely followed by the formation of inflorescence. The pseudobulb of Oncidium Goldiana is of heterblastic type and lacks stomata.Oncidium Goldiana is a C3 shade plant based on Cb1 a/b ratio, CO2 compensation point, postillumination CO2 outburst and light saturation. The rate of photosynthesis increased with the development of the inflorescence and auxillary bud. Pseudobulbs contain chlorophyll but show no sign of gas exchange in light and dark. However it fixes CO2 in light with the partial removal of cuticle.
GROWTH RESPONSES OF CHERRY ROOTSTOCK CULTURES TO VARIED CARBON DIOXIDE, SUCROSE, AND LIGHT REGIMES
Authors: Ali Shaukat , Andersen R. L. , Mudge K. W. 
Published: April 2024

Poor growth and high mortality of in vitro produced plants during acclimatization stage has troubled propagators. Studies were undertaken to improve growth and ex-vitro performance of `Gil48/1,' a new Prunus cerasus L. × P. canescens Bois (cherry) rootstock cultivar. Two experiments were conducted during the course of this study. In a specially designed apparatus growth reponses of shoot cultures to two CO2 levels (340ppm, 1200ppm) and five sucrose levels (0,2,5,10, and 20mg/l) were studied. Leaf area leaf dry weight, number of shoots and total plant dry weight were significantly increased with increase in sucrose concentration in the media regardless of the CO2enrichment.In the other experiment Stage III shoots of the same cultivar were exposed to two CO2 (400-500ppm, 1200-1300ppm) and three different light levels (30-40, 60-75, and 85-100μmol.s-1.m-2) for 45 days. Significant increases in leaf area, leaf and shoot dry weight and total plant biomass were observed with CO2 enrichment and increased illumination intensity.
COLD HARDINESS RESPONSE OF CABERNET SAUVIGNON AND CHARDONNAY GRAPEVINES TO WINTER PRUNING
Authors: Wample Robert L. 
Published: April 2024

At approximately two week intervals starting in mid-December, sets of four vines were pruned either 24, 48, or 72 hours prior to sampling for low temperature exotherm (LTE) analysis of buds. Prepruned samples were compared with unpruned samples. Buds for cold hardiness were taken from the fourth to the sixth node positions from each of the four vines. A total of 30 buds from each of the treatments were used for LTE analysis. In addition to these samples, analysis of bud cold hardiness was also made of these prepruned vines after approximately 3, 6, and 9 weeks and compared to unpruned vines.Despite the popular view that prepruning or pruning of grapevines during the winter reduces cold hardiness of the remaining buds, no differences were found between treatments during December, January, and February. Additional data on winter injury and budbreak will be presented.
MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION IN A PETUNIA GERMPLASM COLLECTION
Authors: Krahl Kimberly H. , Randle William M. 
Published: April 2024

In 1992 a petunia breeding program was initiated at the University of Georgia. The objective of this particular study was to screen an extensive collection of petunia germplasm for variability of numerous vegetative and floral characters in order to determine sources and extent of morphological variability existing in petunia.One hundred twenty-two petunia cultivars and accessions including 83 current commercial F1 cultivars, 24 older cultivars, 3 accessions of the putative progenitor species of Petunia hybrida, 1 open-pollinated reseeding line, and 11 inbred lines were measured for 9 vegetative and floral characters. Genotypes include selections from all countries with major petunia breeding programs. Plants were grown in the greenhouse and measurements taken at time of first bloom.Analysis of variance revealed highly significant variation among genotypes for each of the 9 characters measured. Cluster analysis was utilized to examine relationships among genotypes and to identify unique genotypes that may be useful in the UGA petunia breeding program.
RECURRENT SELECTION FOR FLOWER COLOR IN THE DAVIS POPULATION OF GERBERA
Authors: Tourjee Kenneth R. , Harding James , Byrne Thomas G. 
Published: April 2024

Flower color can be treated as a composite of three quantitative traits. The traits hue (H), chroma (C), and value (L), as described in the CIELAB (1976) color system, are continuous variables easily included into an index of a recurrent selection program. A Euclidian distance index was utilized to minimize the mean distance of a population to a color point (dark yellow). The index was: l= sqrt[0.5*(H-85)**2 + 0.25*(C-80)**2 + 0.25*(L-50)**2]The index was applied to generation 15 of the Davis Pop. of gerbera, and two cycles of selection were performed (sel. intensity = 2.3 and 2.0 respectively). Crosses were made via a 6×6 factorial mating design. The mean index score in gen. 15 was 38.57. Two cycles of selection changed the mean to 15.08. The N.S. heritabilities for H, C, and L in gen. 15 were 0.6, 0.7, and 1.0. Selection reduced the heritabilities to 0.2, 0.0, and 0.1, respectively. The add. genetic corr. between H & C, H & L, and L & C were 0.1, 0.8, and -0.5, respectively. After selection, the correlations were 0.7, 0.9, and 0.2, respectively.
INHERITANCE OF FIELD REACTIONS TO GRAY MOLD, LEATHER ROT, AND ANTHRACNOSE OF STRAWBERRY
Authors: Olcott-Reid Brenda , Moore James N. , McNew Ronald W. 
Published: April 2024

Inheritance of field reactions to three fruit rots of strawberry was studied in two complete diallele crosses between parents of varying rot susceptibility. Reaction to any of the three rots--gray mold, leather rot, and anthracnose--demonstrated a 0.61 to 0.67 correlation with reaction to total rots. Phenotypic and environmental correlations between incidences of the three rots were negligible, while a 0.43 genetic correlation was found for reactions to gray mold and leather rot. Overall broadsense heritabilities for rot reactions of individual progenies of crosses were 0.16 for gray mold, 0.51 for anthracnose, 0.27 for leather rot, and 0.39 for total rots. Analysis of general and specific combining abilities in both dialleles indicates mostly additive gene action for reaction to gray mold, leather rot and total rots, with strong non-additive gene action for reaction to anthracnose.`Earliglow' as a parent significantly reduced gray mold incidence in its progeny by 7.6 and 5.0 percentage points in the two dialleles, and significantly reduced total rot by 12.9 and 6.8 percentage points. `Fairfax' as a parent significantly increased gray mold in its progeny by 3.2 percentage points, increased leather rot by 4.5 percentage points, and increased total rot by 8.7 percentage points.
TRADITIONAL SWEETPOTATO AND POTATO STAND ESTABLISHMENT CONSIDERATIONS
Authors: Henninger Melvin R. 
Published: April 2024

Less attention is paid to the stand establishment of transplanted or seedpiece propagated crops because of the large amount of plant material used compared to a small vegetable seed; however, many crop failures have resulted from this lack of concern by growers and researchers.With commercial sweetpotato production, the whole root is planted in a bed to produce the transplant. The preconditioning of the roots and the care of the bed are both very important to the production of good transplants. Field establishment is equally as critical.With commercial white potato production in the developed world, seedpiece propagation is used to establish the crop. Seedpiece size and pre-conditioning, as well as soil conditions, at and after planting are the most important considerations.Research studies on the size and pre-conditioning of the seedpiece and the plant population of these species as they relate to size and quality of the saleable product will be discussed. Grower observations of tillage practices which have produced the good stands will also be included.
IN VITRO REGENERATION IN ASCLEPIAS TUBEROSA
Authors: Vyapari L. Sudeep , Khatamian H. , Albrecht M.L. 
Published: April 2024

Successful shoot and root morphogenesis was achieved in butterfly flowers (Asclepias tuberosa L.). Surface-sterilized nodal explants were initially pulsed in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2,4-D (2.0 mg/l) in combination with BA (0.1 mg/1) for one week. Organogenic calli transferred to MS medium containing BA or kinetin (2.0 mg/l) in combination with thidiazuron (0.01 mg/l) resulted in multiple shoot formation in 8-10 weeks. The cultures were incubated at 26°C under 16-hr photoperiod with 46 μEm-2.S-1 light.Effect of number of weeks of 2,4-D pulse on induction of organogenic calli was also studied. One or two weeks of pulse treatment (2,4-D 2.0 mg/l and BA 0.1 mg/l) promoted 15 or more shoots in 60-80 % cultures in some treatments. Kinetin based medium maintained the organogenic potential of calli for a longer duration (16-18 weeks). Explants obtained from in vitro grown material induced more shoots than from the greenhouse grown liners. Rooting of the microshoots was best achieved in MS medium either supplemented with NAA (1.0 mg/1) or containing no hormones.
MULCH AND IRRIGATION DELIVERY EFFECTS ON WATER MASS IN MM 350 AT SATURATION (SWHC), CONTAINER CAPACITY(CCWHC), AND AFTER IRRIGATION (EWHC).
Authors: Khoury N.S. , Holcomb E.J. , White J.W. 
Published: April 2024

A 2 by 4 factorial design was used to determine the effect of 4 mulches (Plastic cover, hydrophilic polymer, rockwool and none) and 2 irrigation delivery methods (surface and subirrigation) on the mass of water in MM 350 at saturation, container capacity and after irrigation on 4, 5 and 6 inch standard pots. An analysis of covariance was conducted with pot volume as the covariant.With all treatments SWHC>CCWHC>EWHC. No significant differences resulted for SWHC with any mulch treatment or irrigation delivery method. There was no significant difference in CCWHC if either sub irrigated or surface irrigated for the same mulch. When subirrigated, gel mulch results in significantly more CCWHC than the plastic mulch - subirrigated treatment or the no mulch - surface irrigated - treatment.Higher EWHC resulted when pots were surface irrigated. No mulch resulted in the lowest mass of water when either surface or sub irrigated. When subirrigated, no significant difference in water mass after irrigation resulted among either the gel, plastic or rockwool mulches.
SCHEDULING IRRIGATION FOR GREENHOUSE PRODUCTION OF CUT ROSES IMPROVES QUALITY AND WATER USE
Authors: Woerner Steven E. , Hopper Douglas A. 
Published: April 2024

Four irrigation scheduling techniques for greenhouse production of three cultivars of hybrid tea rose, Rosa hybrida L., were examined for their effect on bloom quality. The irrigation scheduling techniques examined in this study included: a time clock based method; an accumulated radiation based method; an accumulated vapor pressure deficit (VPD) based method; and a combination method, which used an accumulated combination of VPD and radiation. Results from the study indicate that roses grown under the time clock method were poorer in length, fresh weight and dry weight. The other three treatments did not differ in a discernable pattern for their effect on quality. We hypothesize that the time clock method, while supplying as much or more water, was not able to apply water at the right time.The three non-control treatments differed significantly in the amount of water that they applied to benches, as the VPD method supplied as much as 60% less water during the Valentine's Day period, and as much as 80% less water during the Mother's Day harvest, without reductions in quality. These differences were mainly due to the selection of the irrigation event threshold values.
EFFECT OF PLANT DENSITY AND NAA ON BUTTERNUT SQUASH YIELD
Authors: Ibrahim Aly M. , Majeed Mohammed A. , Al-Rabiah Abdul-Rhman A. 
Published: April 2024

Butternut squash is a newly introduced crop in Saudi Arabia and is gaining very much popularity.An experiment to evaluate the productivity of butternut squash using different plant spacings and trailed vs untrailed plants was conducted in tunnel greenhouse.Results showed that trailed plants produced 100% more yield than the untrailed plants with better quality and uniformity in size. Among spacings, the plants in 120 cm produced 82% higher yield/plant than the plants in 40 and 80 cm. NAA increased yield by 14%. NAA treated or untreated trailed fruits had no seeds as compared to the untrailed fruits which did produce small amount of seeds.
CANE GIRDLING AS A MEANS TO IMPROVE EASTERN SEEDLESS TABLE GRAPE QUALITY
Authors: Bartholomew Henry M. , Cahoon Garth A. 
Published: April 2024

Seedless table grapes are of increasing interest to fruit growers in the Eastern U.S. The flavor of many cultivars is excellent, but fruit quality, from an appearance standpoint, needs improvement to be competitive with California grapes. This paper will summarize results from a two year study of cane girdling Einset and Vanessa cultivars. Cane girdling was applied as whole vine treatments at pre-bloom, shatter, veraison, double girdle at both shatter and veraison, and control. The experiment was replicated on both single and double curtain training systems.Cluster length, cluster weight, berry weight, berries per cluster were all improved with cane girdling at shatter and double girdling. Juice quality was minimally affected by the successful treatments. Vine vigor when measured as pruning weights were not affected. Grape cluster and berry size was better on the double curtain training system.
SURVEY AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF MECHANICAL RAISIN HARVESTING SYSTEMS
Authors: Berg Greg T. , Striegler R. Keith 
Published: April 2024

The harvest and production of natural Thompson Seedless raisins traditionally has been a very labor intensive process. Current practices require significant labor inputs for harvest, turning, rolling, and retrieval of raisins. A disruption of labor supply during the harvest and drying period would be detrimental for raisin growers.During the 1992 raisin harvest, a small-scale demonstration trial was conducted in the CSU Fresno campus vineyard. Two mechanical raisin harvesting systems were utilized in a side-by-side comparison with the traditional method of raisin harvesting. Each system was used to harvest a six-row block in two vineyard locations. Data were collected regarding the procedures, costs of operation, and labor requirements for each system from pre-harvest practices to the boxed, farm-level product.When the actual time and motion data collected from our 1992 research were adjusted to reflect industry average vineyard situations (i.e., yields of 5.6 metric tons/hectare and 402m row lengths), the mechanical harvest systems exhibited significant economic and labor-saving advantages over the traditional hand raisin production system.
GENETIC ADAPTATION OF VEGETABLE CULTIVARS TO NUTRIENT-DEFICIENT SOILS.
Authors: Bowen John E. , Macomber Patricia 
Published: April 2024

Cultivars of many vegetable crops; e.g., tomato and Chinese cabbage, differ genotypically in rates of uptake and accumulation of various essential nutrients. Indeed, selection of a nutrient-inefficient cultivar can cause crop failure. The physiology and kinetics of some of these differences have been studied. Excised tomato roots (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) cv Kewalo absorbed Zn2+ and Cu2+ much more rapidly than did cv Sel 76252. Uptake of each cation was competitively and reciprocally inhibited by the other. Root apices from the two tomato cvs did not differ in their affinities for Zn2+ and Cu2+, however. Vmax values for Zn2+ and Cu2+ uptake in cv Kewalo roots were three-fold greater than those for cv Sel 7625-2.Chinese cabbage cvs Nozomi and Aichi have significantly higher requirements for B and K, respectively, than do 11 other cvs. Cv WR Green 60 requires more P and Ca but cv Nagaoka 50 has a significantly lower Mg requirement than the other cvs tested. No significant differences occurred among the 12 cvs with regard to their Zn, Mn and Cu requirements.
ABSORPTION, TRANSLOCATION, AND METABOLISM OF DITHIOPYR IN SELECTED WEED SPECIES.
Authors: Setyowati Nanik , Weston Leslie A. 
Published: April 2024

Field studies have shown that dithiopyr has potential as a herbicide in ornamental nursery crops. Previous work has shown that certain weeds differed considerably in their tolerance to dithiopyr, both in the field and in the greenhouse. Four weeds were selected on the basis of these studies; large crabgrass and velvetleaf, both susceptible, and barnyardgrass and ivyleaf morningglory, tolerant species.Root uptake was assessed in these four species by treating seedlings with 0.5 μCi of 14C-labelled dithiopyr dissolved in half strength Hoaglands solution. Whole plants were sampled at 12, 24, 48 and 96 hour after treatment (HAT) and plants were separated into roots and shoots. Dithiopyr levels and polar metabolites were measured after methanolic extraction of plant parts. Insoluble 14C levels were measured after biological oxidation. At 12 HAT, TLC and HPLC separation of extracts showed no detectable metabolites of dithiopyr. By 24 HAT, two polar metabolites were detected in both root and shoot extracts of all species. Total 14C and polar metabolites increased in roots and shoots over time. Species differences in total 14C uptake and metabolism were noted, potentially contributing to dithiopyr selectivity differences.
THIRD YEAR YIELD OF A HIGH DENSITY APPLE ORCHARD AS INFLUENCED BY TRAINING SYSTEM, IRRIGATION AND SOIL TREATMENT IN A REPLANTED, OLD ORCHARD SITE.
Authors: Unrath C.R. 
Published: April 2024

In April, 1990, `Smoothee Golden Delicious' trees on Mark rootstock were planted in a high density orchard, 1.5m × 3.0m = 2152 trees/ha (5′×10′ = 871 t/a), in an old apple orchard site. Soil treatments of preplant fumigation (F) with methylbromide, fumigation plus postplant Ridomil (F+R) in spring and fall and monoammonium phosphate (MAP) incorporated into the tree hole were included to evaluate their influence on tree vigor. In 1992, slender spindle (SS) training increased third season yield by +79% over HYTEC training; supplemental summer irrigation (Irr.) +4%, F +6%, F+R +20 and MAP -17% over no soil treatment.The HYTEC trained trees with no irrigation or soil treatment might roughly compare to a “check” or a typical grower technique, this treatment yielded 13,364 kg/ha (284 bu/a). Looking at some other selected treatments; SS w/no irr. or soil trt. increased yield by +27% over the HYTEC (check) trt.; SS+F = +63%, SS+Irr. = +107%, SS+Irr.+F = +112% and SS+Irr.+ F+R = +169% or 35,902 kg/ha (763 bu/a).
WINDBREAK ESTABLISHMENT THROUGH DEMONSTRATION AND EDUCATION
Authors: Quam Vern C. 
Published: April 2024

Windbreaks are an essential part of rural and urban living in the northern Great Plains. They provide protection to crops and livestock from wind by modifying windchill factors, lowering soil erosion, and conserving soil moisture. Around farmsteads and cities, benefits include energy conservation, control of snow deposits, and added aesthetic values. In urban centers windbreaks are important as aesthetic screens, living snow fences, noise barriers, and sites of air filtration.Tree establishment on the prairies can be challenging with low rainfall and cold winter temperatures. A windbreak demonstration program began in 1989 across the state of North Dakota. The demonstration program is a joint effort between local soil conservation districts, extension service, and 275 landowners. The demonstrations were designed to compare new and traditional tree establishment techniques. The program goal is to gather data from various demonstration sites and transfer the information to land owners, thereby increasing tree survival and establishment in windbreak plantings.