bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term follow-up of a phase 2 study of oral teriflunomide in relapsing multiple sclerosis: safety and efficacy results up to 8.5 years
Authors: Confavreux Christian , Li David K , Freedman Mark S , Truffinet Philippe , Benzerdjeb Hadj , Wang Dazhe , Bar-Or Amit , Traboulsee Anthony L , Reiman Lucy E , O’Connor Paul W ,   for the Teriflunomide Multiple Sclerosis Trial Group
Published: February 2012

Background: Teriflunomide, an oral disease-modifying therapy in development for patients with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (RMS), was well tolerated and effective in reducing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions in 179 RMS patients in a phase 2 36-week, placebo-controlled study. Methods: A total of 147 patients who completed the core study entered an open-label extension. Teriflunomide patients continued their assigned dose, and placebo patients were re-allocated to teriflunomide, 7 mg/day or 14 mg/day. An interim analysis was performed at a cut-off on January 8 2010. Results: The mean and median duration of study treatment, including both the core and extension phase, from baseline to the interim cut-off, was 5.6 years (standard deviation: 2.7 years) and 7.1 years (range: 0.05–8.5 years), respectively. Of 147 patients, 62 (42.2%) discontinued (19% due to treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs)). The most common TEAEs were mild infections, fatigue, sensory disturbances and diarrhoea. No serious opportunistic infections occurred, with no discontinuations due to infection. Asymptomatic alanine aminotransferase increases (≤3× upper limit of normal (ULN)) were common (7 mg, 64.2%; 14 mg, 62.1%); increases >3×ULN were similar across groups (7 mg, 12.3%; 14 mg, 12.1%). Mild decreases in neutrophil counts occurred; none led to discontinuation. The incidence of malignancies was comparable to that of the general population, and cases were not reminiscent of those observed in immunocompromised patients. Annualised relapse rates remained low, minimal disability progression was observed, with a dose-dependent benefit with teriflunomide 14 mg for several MRI parameters. Conclusion: Teriflunomide had a favourable safety profile for up to 8.5 years.
A Similar, Marginal Place in the Academy
Authors: Johnson Lindsay N. , Thomas Kecia M. 
Published: February 2012

The Problem. Persisting challenges of inequity in higher education often position Black women as outsiders within their academic environments, resulting in Black women employing strategies that reflect constant negotiation to achieve power, identity, and voice. Black women’s status internationally “at the margins” remains an unexplored leadership style in human resource development (HRD). Being at the margins, domestically or internationally, likely means that Black women everywhere engage in strategies in order to achieve power, identity, and voice. The Solution. Examining the position, perspectives, and leadership strategies of this typically underserved population globally works to deconstruct lingering policies that limit their access to development in higher education institutions. The Stakeholders. The purpose of this article is to present Black women’s unique social and cultural insights in leadership, increase the visibility of their experiences within their academic environments, and inform key educational leaders and HRD practitioners of the persistent barriers Black women encounter.
Long-term outcomes after transplantation of HLA-identical related G-CSF–mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells versus bone marrow
Authors: Mielcarek Marco , Storer Barry , Martin Paul J. , Forman Stephen J. , Negrin Robert S. , Flowers Mary E. , Inamoto Yoshihiro , Chauncey Thomas R. , Storb Rainer , Appelbaum Frederick R. , Bensinger William I. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Between 1996 and 1999, 172 patients (median age, 42 years) with hematologic malignancies were randomly assigned to receive either HLA-identical related bone marrow or G-CSF–mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells (G-PBMCs) after myeloablative conditioning. Early results showed that transplantation of G-PBMCs, compared with marrow, was associated with significantly superior 2-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival. Ten-year follow-up showed a sustained DFS benefit associated with G-PBMCs (mortality or relapse hazard ratio, 0.64; 95% confidence interval, 0.4-1.0; P = .03), although the likelihood of overall survival was not significantly different between the 2 groups (mortality hazard ratio, 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.5-1.2; P = .20). The 10-year cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD and the duration of systemic immunosuppression were similar in the 2 groups. In summary, transplantation of HLA-identical related G-PBMCs, compared with marrow, was associated with superior short-term and long-term DFS, and there was no evidence that this benefit was outweighed by GVHD-related late mortality.
Heritable genome-wide variation of gene expression and promoter methylation between wild and domesticated chickens
Authors: Nätt Daniel , Rubin Carl-Johan , Wright Dominic , Johnsson Martin , Beltéky Johan , Andersson Leif , Jensen Per 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

Background
Variations in gene expression, mediated by epigenetic mechanisms, may cause broad phenotypic effects in animals. However, it has been debated to what extent expression variation and epigenetic modifications, such as patterns of DNA methylation, are transferred across generations, and therefore it is uncertain what role epigenetic variation may play in adaptation.

Results
In Red Junglefowl, ancestor of domestic chickens, gene expression and methylation profiles in thalamus/hypothalamus differed substantially from that of a domesticated egg laying breed. Expression as well as methylation differences were largely maintained in the offspring, demonstrating reliable inheritance of epigenetic variation. Some of the inherited methylation differences were tissue-specific, and the differential methylation at specific loci were little changed after eight generations of intercrossing between Red Junglefowl and domesticated laying hens. There was an over-representation of differentially expressed and methylated genes in selective sweep regions associated with chicken domestication.

Conclusions
Our results show that epigenetic variation is inherited in chickens, and we suggest that selection of favourable epigenomes, either by selection of genotypes affecting epigenetic states, or by selection of methylation states which are inherited independently of sequence differences, may have been an important aspect of chicken domestication.
Salivary pH as a marker of plasma adiponectin concentrations in Women
Authors: Tremblay Monique , Loucif Yacine , Methot Julie , Brisson Diane , Gaudet Daniel 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundPlasma adiponectin is a significant correlate of the pro-inflammatory cardiometabolic risk profile associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Salivary pH is influenced by several cardiometabolic risk components such as inflammation, oxidation and numerous oral and systemic health modulators, including the menopausal status. This study aimed to assess the association between plasma adiponectin concentrations and salivary pH in women according to the menopausal status.MethodUnstimulated saliva collection was performed in 151 Caucasian women of French-Canadian origin (53 premenopausal women (PMW) and 98 menopausal women (MW)). Student's t test, ANOVA and linear regression models were used to assess the association between plasma adiponectin concentrations and salivary pH.ResultsPlasma adiponectin levels increased as a function of salivary pH in the whole sample and among MW (r = 0.29 and r = 0.36, p < 0.001). The proportion of the variance of plasma adiponectin levels explained by the salivary pH (R2) was 10.8% (p < 0.001). Plasma adiponectin levels progressively increased across salivary pH quartiles (p = 0.005).ConclusionsThese results suggest that salivary pH is a significant correlate of plasma adiponectin levels in women. With the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes and obesity, new technologies should be developed to more easily monitor health status, disease onset and progression. Salivary pH, a simple, inexpensive and non-invasive measure, could be a very promising avenue.
Clinical experience with power-injectable PICCs in intensive care patients
Authors: Pittiruti Mauro , Brutti Alberto , Celentano Davide , Pomponi Massimiliano , Biasucci Daniele G , Annetta Maria Giuseppina , Scoppettuolo Giancarlo 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Introduction
In the ICU, peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) may be an alternative option to standard central venous catheters, particularly in patients with coagulation disorders or at high risk for infection. Some limits of PICCs (such as low flow rates) may be overcome with the use of power-injectable catheters.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed all of the power-injectable PICCs inserted in adult and pediatric patients in the ICU during a 12-month period, focusing on the rate of complications at insertion and during maintenance.

Results
We collected 89 power-injectable PICCs (in adults and in children), both multiple and single lumen. All insertions were successful. There were no major complications at insertion and no episodes of catheter-related bloodstream infection. Non-infective complications during management were not clinically significant. There was one episode of symptomatic thrombosis during the stay in the ICU and one episode after transfer of a patient to a non-intensive ward.

Conclusion
Power-injectable PICCs have many advantages in the ICU: they can be used as multipurpose central lines for any type of infusion including high-flow infusion, for hemodynamic monitoring, and for high-pressure injection of contrast media during radiological procedures. Their insertion is successful in 100% of cases and is not associated with significant risks, even in patients with coagulation disorders. Their maintenance is associated with an extremely low rate of infective and non-infective complications.
Transformation of Oil Pools into Gas Pools as Results of Multiple Tectonic Events in Upper Sinian (Upper Neoproterozoic), Deep Part of Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: Liu Shugen , Qin Chuan , Jansa Lubomir , Sun Wei , Wang Guozhi , Xu Guosheng , Yuan Haifeng , Zhang Changjun , Zhang Zhijing , Deng Bin , Dai Hansong 
Published: February 2012

A center in the present paper is referred to as an area or region which may include one or more hydrocarbon accumulations. A hydrocarbon generation center is referred to as an area containing high quality source rock which was subjected to thermal maturation. A gas generation center is an area in which an oil pool or accumulation was present, and oil was thermally cracked to generate gas. A gas accumulation center is referred to as an area in which natural gas generated from cracked oil accumulated. A gas preservation center is referred to as an area or region where the present natural gas pool/pools is/are located. As one of the oldest petroleum reservoir rocks in the world, the upper Sinian Dengying Formation (Upper Proterozoic) in the Sichuan basin was deeply buried, and its paleo-oil pools (gas generation centers) underwent complex transformation into paleo-gas pools (gas accumulation centers) and the present gas pools (gas preservation centers) as a result of multiphase tectonic activities. The paleo oil pools (gas generation centers) were the main hydrocarbon sources of the paleo gas pools (gas accumulation centers), which were in turn the main sources of hydrocarbons for today's (remaining) gas pools (gas preservation centers). The key factor in the oil accumulation was the presence of rich hydrocarbon source rocks (hydrocarbon generation centers) in the Early Cambrian strata and a good seal development. Being controlled by the early tectonics and sedimentary development of the basin, the hydrocarbon generation centers appeared to have been stationary in space, while in time the other three centers (gas generation centers, gas accumulation centers and gas preservation centers) migrated as result of tectonic events in the basin. Therefore, the time-spatial relationships between these “three centers” (gas generation centers, gas accumulation centers and gas preservation centers) decides the final distribution of natural gas in the Sichuan basin. Relationship between generation, accumulation and preservation of hydrocarbons in the marine carbonates buried deeper than 4500 m in the Sichuan basin, can be separated into: (1) an accumulation mode with the “three centers” being superimposed; (2) an accumulation mode with “the preservation center” disintegrated; (3) an accumulation mode with the “three centers” migrated for a short distance; (4) a destruction mode with the preservation center lost. The natural gas exploration of the upper Sinian carbonate rocks in the Sichuan basin can be most successful where the “three centers” overlap, such as at the front area of the Micang Mountains, which could be the most promising area for the future gas exploration.
Influence and Sensitivity Study of Matrix Shrinkage and Swelling on Enhanced Coalbed Methane Production and CO2 Sequestration with Mixed Gas Injection
Authors: Zhou Fengde , Yao Guangqing , Tang Zhonghua , Orodu Oyinkepreye D. 
Published: February 2012

Matrix compressibility, shrinkage and swelling can cause profound changes in porosity and permeability of coalbed during gas sorption and desorption. These factors affect the distribution of pressure, methane production and CO2 sequestration. This paper compares the effects of cleat compression and matrix shrinkage and swelling models with the injection of different compositional gas mixtures (CO2 and N2). It shows that well performance, pressure distribution and properties of the seam are strongly affected by matrix shrinkage and swelling. Matrix shrinkage and swelling also affects net present value of the enhanced coalbed methane recovery scheme. In order to select the best enhanced coalbed methane recovery schemes, economic evaluation and sensitivity studies are necessary.
Research on Heavy Oil Thermal Recovery by CO2 Steam Flooding with Help of Combination of Borehole-Surface Electric Potential and Cross-Borehole Electric Potential
Authors: Su Benyu , Fujimitsu Yasuhiro 
Published: February 2012

With an increasing tendency towards more demand for energy resources, the supply of energy as a focus of global strategy is attracting more and more attention from the world. However, on the one hand, conventional hydrocarbon resources are decreasing gradually, and therefore it is definitely an urgent task to search for renewable and replaceable resources at the present time. On the other hand, it has been proved that the total reserves of heavy oil are already up to 1105×108 tons around the world, which means that exploring heavy oil can be a beneficial supplement for alleviating the shortage of oil and gas. Moreover, it is noteworthy that because the heavy oil can be exploited by heated CO2, collecting and consuming CO2 during the production process will help to relieve global warming. In this study, we take the feasibility of heavy oil recovery by CO2 steam into consideration only from the viewpoint of geophysics. In the process of research, with the help of borehole-surface electric potential and cross-borehole electric potential, the entire procedures from heating heavy oil reservoir and optimizing the location of well to deciding the layer of perforation are exhibited completely. In the course of calculation, potential distributions corresponding to a point source of current are acquired by solving the Poisson equation using a direct and explicit finite difference technique for a lower half-space with 3-D distribution of conductivity. As for computation of a large sparse matrix, the technique of nonzero bandwidth storage and the Incomplete Cholesky Conjugate Gradient method are adopted. The consequences prove that with the assistance of cross-borehole electric potential combining with borehole-surface electric potential, the project of heavy oil recovery by CO2 steam is feasible and effective.
Using the National Poison Data System to Detect Mistaken Oral Ingestions of Medication Capsules Designed for Use in Pulmonary Inhalers
Authors: Varney Shawn M. , Bronstein Alvin C. 
Published: February 2012

Introduction In 2006, the Institute of Medicine proposed initiatives to decrease medication errors using hospital monitoring systems for adverse event (AE) surveillance. Serendipitously, several poison center clinicians noticed a trend of inadvertent oral ingestions involving formoterol fumarate and tiotropium bromide. Each product is packaged in capsules for insertion into special pulmonary inhaler devices for chronic pulmonary disease. The National Poison Data System (NPDS) is a near real-time data and surveillance system capable of tracking AEs. Our objective was to assess the feasibility of NPDS to analyze outpatient AEs, employing formoterol and tiotropium ingestions as a model. Methods Retrospective review of NPDS data for formoterol and tiotropium mistaken oral ingestions (MOI) (2001–2007). Inclusion criteria were age over 6 years, exposures, all administration routes, all reasons, incorrect dosing route, and all medical outcomes. Primary outcome measures were number of MOI cases and demographics of at-risk patients. Results There were 3,919 formoterol and 18,096 tiotropium cases that met inclusion criteria. MOI cases with minor or moderate outcomes were formoterol 82 (2.2%) and tiotropium 131 (0.8%). Neither drug had a major medical outcome or death. Mean age and gender were similar for both medications. MOI was more common among female patients. Health care facility MOIs accounted for 19 (0.5%) formoterol and 35 (0.2%) tiotropium cases. From 2005 to 2007, formoterol and tiotropium cases accounted for 35% to 45% of all NPDS-tracked AEs. Conclusion NPDS data analysis revealed the magnitude of AEs for capsule-shaped medications for inhaler use was more common than previously identified.
Deferiprone
Authors: Cada Dennis J. , Levien Terri L. , Baker Danial E. 
Published: February 2012

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation/medication use evaluation (DUE/MUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are sent in print and are also available on-line. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of a facility. Subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service also receive access to a pharmacy bulletin board, The Formulary Information Exchange (The F.I.X.). All topics pertinent to clinical and hospital pharmacy are discussed on The F.I.X. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. For more information about The Formulary Monograph Service or The F.I.X., call The Formulary at 800–322–4349. The February 2012 monograph topics are on rivaroxaban in non-valvular atrial fibrillation, Zolpidem tartrate sublingual, aflibercept, glucarpidase, and mipomersen. The DUE/MUE is on Zolpidem.
What's Wrong with “Ketofol”?; Trace Elements Conundrum; PCN-200, not Penicillin
Authors: Cohen Michael R. , Smetzer Judy L. 
Published: February 2012

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them at your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) Medication Errors Reporting Program. Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers' names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below. Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported directly to ISMP through the ISMP Web site ( www.ismp.org ), by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE, or via e-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters' wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
Multiple-Reaction Monitoring–Mass Spectrometric Assays Can Accurately Measure the Relative Protein Abundance in Complex Mixtures
Authors: Hoofnagle Andrew N , Becker Jessica O , Oda Michael N , Cavigiolio Giorgio , Mayer Philip , Vaisar Tomas 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Mass spectrometric assays could potentially replace protein immunoassays in many applications. Previous studies have demonstrated the utility of liquid chromatography–multiple-reaction monitoring–mass spectrometry (LC-MRM/MS) for the quantification of proteins in biological samples, and many examples of the accuracy of these approaches to quantify supplemented analytes have been reported. However, a direct comparison of multiplexed assays that use LC-MRM/MS with established immunoassays to measure endogenous proteins has not been reported.

METHODS
We purified HDL from the plasma of 30 human donors and used label-free shotgun proteomics approaches to analyze each sample. We then developed 2 different isotope-dilution LC-MRM/MS 6-plex assays (for apoliporoteins A-I, C-II, C-III, E, B, and J): 1 assay used stable isotope-labeled peptides and the other used stable isotope-labeled apolipoprotein A-I (an abundant HDL protein) as an internal standard to control for matrix effects and mass spectrometer performance. The shotgun and LC-MRM/MS assays were then compared with commercially available immunoassays for each of the 6 analytes.

RESULTS
Relative quantification by shotgun proteomics approaches correlated poorly with the 6 protein immunoassays. In contrast, the isotope dilution LC-MRM/MS approaches showed correlations with immunoassays of r = 0.61–0.96. The LC-MRM/MS approaches had acceptable reproducibility (&lt;13% CV) and linearity (r ≥0.99). Strikingly, a single protein internal standard applied to all proteins performed as well as multiple protein-specific peptide internal standards.

CONCLUSIONS
Because peak area ratios measured in multiplexed LC-MRM/MS assays correlate well with immunochemical measurements and have acceptable operating characteristics, we propose that LC-MRM/MS could be used to replace immunoassays in a variety of settings.