bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex steroid hormone receptors in normal and dysplastic bone disorders in children
Authors: Pensler Jay M. , Langman Craig B. , Radosevich James A. , Maminta M. Leia , Mangkornkanok Marayart , Molteni Agostino , Higbee Russell 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Children with monostotic and polyostotic bone dysplasias often exhibit localized bone overgrowth. We investigated the presence of nuclear estrogen and nuclear progesterone receptors by solid-phase radioimmunoassay, immunocytochemistry, and radioligand binding in osteoblast cell cultures derived from the areas of overgrowth of membranous bone, noninvolved membranous bone, and normal membranous bone from children undergoing elective craniotomy. Membranous bone of normal children had demonstrable levels of nuclear estrogen and progesterone receptors identified by radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemical assay. Two- to threefold increased levels of these receptors (p &lt; 0.001 versus normals) were found in cultures derived from the involved bone of two children with monostotic fibrous dysplasia and in one patient with polyostotic dysplasia (McCune-Albright syndrome). The noninvolved bone in our patients with fibrous dysplasia exhibited nuclear sex steroid hormone receptor levels similar to those in the normal children. Radioligand binding studies demonstrated increased sex steroid hormone receptors in cultures derived from involved osteoblasts. The presence of an increased level of sex steroid hormone receptor was accompanied by increased alkaline phosphatase activity and increased production of osteocalcin in vitro compared to normal or noninvolved bone. The mechanisms by which sex steroid hormone receptor levels are increased in the ostotic dysplasias remain to be established.
The presence of a polymorphism at the translation initiation site of the vitamin D receptor gene is associated with low bone mineral density in postmenopausal mexican-American women
Authors: Gross Coleman , Eccleshall T. Ross , Malloy Peter J. , Villa Marie Luz , Marcus Robert , Feldman David 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
We examined the association of bone mineral density (BMD) with a polymorphism in the gene encoding the vitamin D receptor (VDR) that causes a change in the predicted protein sequence. The polymorphism results from a C-to-T transition and creates an initiation codon (ATG) three codons proximal to a downstream start site. The polymorphism can be defined by a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) using the restriction endonuclease FokI. The presence of a FokI site, designated f, allows protein translation to initiate from the first ATG. The allele lacking the site (designated F), initiates from a second ATG site. Thus, translation products from these alleles are predicted to differ by three amino acids with the f variant elongated. In a group of 100 postmenopausal Mexican-American Caucasian women, subjects with the ff genotype (15% of the study population) had a 12.8% lower BMD at the lumbar spine than FF subjects (37% of the population) (p = 0.01). Heterozygote (Ff) subjects (48% of the population) had an intermediate BMD. This association between BMD and genotype was not apparent at the femoral neck or forearm. Over a 2-year follow-up period, a decrease in BMD at the femoral neck was greater in ff compared with FF subjects (−4.7% vs. −0.5%, p = 0.005). This trend was not apparent at the lumbar spine or forearm. There were no differences between genotype groups in measurements of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), calcitriol, parathyroid hormone (PTH), osteocalcin, or urinary pyridinolines. We conclude that the FokI polymorphism of the VDR gene correlates significantly with decreased BMD at the lumbar spine and with an increased rate of bone loss at the hip in ff subjects. We emphasize that these initial data should be interpreted with caution but that the utility of this polymorphism as a genetic marker to determine BMD and osteoporosis risk warrants further study in larger populations with subjects of diverse ethnic backgrounds.
An acute intake of phosphate increases parathyroid hormone secretion and inhibits bone formation in young women
Authors: Kärkkäinen M. , Lamberg-Allardt C. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
We studied the effects of a single oral phosphate (Pi) dose as well as those of three consecutive oral phosphate doses on calcium and bone metabolism. In the first part of the study (P1 study) 10 female volunteers were given orally 1500 mg of Pi in water, as a single dose, or plain water in randomized order at two different sessions. In the second part of the study (P3 study), 10 female volunteers were given orally 1500 mg of Pi, as three separate 500 mg doses in water, or plain water in randomized order. Calcium and bone metabolism was monitored for 24 h by measuring the concentrations of serum ionized calcium (S-iCa), urinary calcium, serum phosphate (S-P), urinary P, serum intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), serum carbon-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (PICP), serum osteocalcin (BGP), serum carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP), urine deoxypyridinoline (DPD) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase activity (B-ALP). The S-P increased (p = 0.00005 and p = 0.0005, in the P1 and P3 studies, respectively), the S-iCa concentration declined significantly only in the P1 study (p = 0.0014), the urinary calcium excretion decreased (p = 0.02 and 0.013, in the P1 and P3 studies, respectively), and the PTH concentration rose (p = 0.0083 and p = 0.014, in the P1 and P3 studies, respectively) during the phosphate experiment as compared with the control session. Of the three markers of bone formation studied, PICP declined in the P1 study (p = 0.04), and B-ALP declined in both parts of the study (p = 0.027, p = 0.026, in the P1 and P3 studies, respectively) after phosphate administration, whereas there was no significant change in BGP in either of the studies. The markers of bone resorption, ICTP and DPD, were unaffected by the phosphate load in both studies. In conclusion, acute ingestion of phosphate leads to an increase in S-P, a decrease in S-iCa, and an increase in intact PTH secretion. Our results indicate that these events may lead to an acute inactivation of the early phases of bone formation. In this setting, there was no indication of enhanced bone resorption despite the increase in PTH secretion, which could be due to the combined effect of phosphate and PTH on bone resorption.
A prospective study on socioeconomic aspects of fracture of the proximal femur
Authors: Schürch M.-A. , Rizzoli R. , Mermillod B. , Vasey H. , Michel J.P. , Bonjour J.-P. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
A prospective survey of hip fracture incidence and outcome was conducted to evaluate their socioeconomic impact. Over the course of 1 year, 404 hip fractures were recorded in 339 women and 65 men following minor or moderate trauma. The subjects' ages were 82.8 + 10.0 years (mean + SD): 84.1 + 9.2 in female and 76.4 + 13.7 in male subjects. The overall annual incidence was 104.4/100,000; the incidence in women was 167.1 versus 35.3 in men, with a crude female-to-male ratio of 4.7. However, when adjusted for age, this ratio was 2.7. When adjusted to the 1985 U.S.A. population, the incidence rates were 68.6 overall, 108.8 female, and 26.3 male, and were, respectively, 119.1, 188.8, and 46.1 when adjusted to the 1992 Swiss population. As compared with 105 age-matched non-hipfracture fallers studied in the same emergency ward, fracture subjects lived more often in nursing homes and took cardiovascular drugs (p &lt; 0.001). The mean length of stay in the orthopedic ward was 16.3 + 12.0 days (median 14; range 2–193 days), for a total of 6566 bed-days representing 19.8% of available bed-days. The mean length of stay in rehabilitation hospitals was 63.6 + 52.6 days (median 50; range 2–349 days), for a total of 17,099 bed-days, representing 5.2% of available bed-days. For patients who where independent before fracture, the greater length of stay was associated with advanced age and consumption of cardiovascular drugs. The total cost of hospital stay amounted to approximately $44,000 per patient. Mortality was 3.2% in the orthopedic ward and 10.8% in rehabilitation hospitals, for an overall in-hospital mortality rate of 10.4%. Overall, the 1-year mortality was 23.8% (21.5% for women and 35.4% for men), and it was significantly higher than in the general population (p &lt; 0.001). Prognostic factors for mortality were age, sex, consumption of cardiovascular drugs, and previous living circumstances. One year after fracture, 62.6% of the fracture patients had returned to their previous living circumstances, but 17.9% needed a more care-intensive environment. The likelihood of returning to autonomous living circumstances 1 year after fracture was higher in younger subjects, in females, in those living with a partner, and in those in overall better health before the fracture. This prospective survey highlights the high socioeconomic impact and burden of osteoporotic fractures of the proximal femur.
Correcting calcium nutritional deficiency prevents spine fractures in elderly women
Authors: Recker Robert R. , Hinders Sharilyn , Davies K. Michael , Heaney Robert P. , Stegman Mary Ruth , Lappe Joan M. , Kimmel Donald B. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
We tested the spine antifracture and bone sparing efficacy of 1.2 g/day of oral calcium as carbonate in two groups of elderly women, one with prevalent fractures (PF, n = 94) on entry and the other without (NPF, n = 103). It was a prospective randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in mostly rural communities in women over age 60 who were living independently and were consuming &lt;1 g/day of calcium. We obtained annual lateral spine radiographs and semiannual forearm bone density over 4.3 + 1.1 years and determined vertebral fractures by radiographic morphometry augmented by physician assessment. In the PF group, 15 of 53 subjects on calcium had incident fractures, compared with 21 of 41 on placebo (p = 0.023, cH2). Calcium did not reduce the rate of incident fractures in the NPF group. Those with a prevalent fracture on entry and not treated with calcium were 2.8 times more likely to experience an incident fracture than all others. Change in the forearm bone mass on placebo in the PF group was −1.24 + 2.41%/year compared with +0.31 + 1.80%/year on calcium (p &lt; 0.001). In the NPF group, the difference was less: −0.39 + 2.08%/year versus 0.00 + 1.64%/year (p = 0.2). We conclude that in elderly postmenopausal women with spine fractures and selfselected calcium intakes of &lt;1 g/day, a calcium supplement of 1.2 g/day reduces the incidence of spine fractures and halts measurable bone loss.
Effect of ethnicity and age or menopause on the structure and geometry of iliac bone
Authors: Han Z.-H. , Palnitkar S. , Rao D. Sudhaker , Parfitt A.M. , Nelson D. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
We measured indices of bone volume (cancellous, cortical) and bone surface (cancellous, endocortical, and intracortical) in intact full-thickness transiliac bone biopsies obtained from 144 healthy women aged 20–74 (35 black and 109 white, 62 premenopausal and 82 postmenopausal). The data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance of the four groups defined by age/menopause and ethnicity and by linear regression of major variables on age. None of the interaction terms was significant, and none of the regression slopes on age differed between blacks and whites, indicating that the effects of ethnicity and of age/menopause were independent. Accordingly, the data were also analyzed separately for the effects of ethnicity (pre- and postmenopausal combined) and age/menopause (blacks and whites combined). The analyses led to the following conclusions. (1) Blacks have more cancellous and cortical bone than whites in the ilium; the difference was due to thicker trabeculae and thicker cortices with no difference in trabecular number or cortical porosity. (2) The magnitude of the black/white differences was the same throughout the age range covered by the study, indicating differences in peak adult values, not in rates of loss with age. (3) As the result of age/menopause, there were significant reductions in all indices of the amount and structure of bone except for trabecular thickness; the magnitude of the reductions was the same in blacks and whites. (4) Cancellous bone loss was mainly the result of the complete removal of some trabecular elements with increased separation between remaining elements. Cortical bone loss was due to thinning from the endocortical surface with a small but significant contribution from increased cortical porosity, due to an increased number of intracortical canals. These patterns of bone loss were the same in blacks and whites. (5) Although the percentage losses of bone with age/menopause were higher for cancellous than for cortical bone, the absolute amounts of bone lost were about the same for cortical as for cancellous bone. (6) The ratio of surface to tissue volume decreased with age/menopause in cancellous bone but increased in cortical bone; rates of bone loss would change in the same manner if the loss per unit of surface remained constant. (7) The total extent of bone surface in the ilium did not change with age/menopause, so that the surface/volume ratio for the entire bone increased; volumetric bone turnover would increase and bone age decrease if remodeling activity per unit of surface remained constant.
Phenotypic flexibility and thermoregulatory behavior in the eastern red‐spotted newt (Notophthalmus viridescens viridescens)
Authors: Berner Nancy J. , Puckett Rosemary E. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractEastern red‐spotted newts are ectotherms, aquatic as adults, and active year‐round, breeding even during winter under ice. Earlier research, with field‐captured newts, showed a correlation between seasonal changes in the activity of some muscle metabolic enzymes and in the behavior of the newts in a thermal gradient. This study was undertaken to further characterize acclimatory responses in the newts in a more controlled laboratory environment. Newts were obtained during fall, and maintained at 15°C with 12:12 LD for 4 weeks for SMR (at 8 and 26°C) and temperature preference experiments. Subsequently, half the newts were exposed to summer conditions (26°C, 14:10 LD) and half to winter conditions (8°C, 10:14 LD). After 12 weeks, SMR and temperature preference experiments were repeated, and enzyme assays for cytochrome c oxidase (CCO), citrate synthase (CS), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were performed on muscle tissue homogenates, also at 8 and 26°C. Newts changed all three parameters in the laboratory. SMRs were highest in winter‐acclimated newts and lowest in summer‐acclimated newts, whereas temperature preference was lowest in winter‐acclimated newts and highest in summer‐acclimated newts. Finally, CCO activity was completely compensated in winter‐acclimated newts, CS activity was partially compensated, and LDH activity was not seasonally sensitive. These results indicate a connection or relationship between changes in seasonal environmental conditions, and some aspects of the muscle biochemistry, SMR, and thermoregulatory behavior of these ectotherms. J. Exp. Zool. 313A:231–239, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neoadjuvant therapy of locally advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Mezhir James J. , Tang Laura H. , Coit Daniel G. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTreatment of gastric cancer has evolved with the advent of randomized trials demonstrating chemotherapeutic agents with efficacy in advanced disease. Level I evidence supports delivering chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting; the data shows improvement in progression‐free and overall survival. A clinical response to therapy is associated with improved R0 resection rates, pathologic response, and outcome in patients with locally advanced disease. Early assessment of metabolic response to therapy can potentially be utilized to tailor treatment. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010; 101:305–314. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retention of functional polymers in liquid adsorption chromatography: Effect of the end groups in PEGs and their methyl ethers in different mobile phases
Authors: Cuong Nguyen V. , Trathnigg Bernd 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIt is shown that the end group parameter, which describes the influence of the end group on retention, can be determined in RP chromatography from two chromatograms of a nonfunctional and a monofunctional sample, if a sufficient number of peaks with the same number of repeat units in each sample can be reasonably resolved and identified. The same procedure can also be applied for pairs of di‐ and monofunctional polymers. End group parameters have been determined in three different mobile phases: acetonitrile–water, acetone–water and methanol–water of different compositions. The temperature dependence of the interaction parameter of the repeat unit and the end group parameter has been found to be different, which allows a fine‐tuning of retention.
Evaluation of hybrid hydrophilic interaction chromatography stationary phases for ultra‐HPLC in analysis of polar pteridines
Authors: Nováková Lucie , Kaufmannová Iva , Jánská Radka 
Published: February 2010

AbstractRetention characteristics of ultra‐HPLC (UHPLC) hybrid stationary phases (bridged ethyl hybrid (BEH) and BEH Amide) were studied in hydrophilic interaction chromatography system in the group of polar basic pteridines (neopterin, biopterin, dihydroneopterin and dihydrobiopterin). The effect of mobile phase composition, buffer type, pH and concentration on retention of pteridines were examined in detail under UHPLC‐fluorescence detection and UHPLC‐MS conditions. The selectivity, retention properties and column performance were examined. BEH HILIC did not provide sufficient retention and selectivity for the separation of four pteridines under any tested conditions. BEH Amide provided strong retention for all pteridines especially at high pH values such as 9.8. However, at pH 9.8 the selectivity of separation for the pairs neopterin‐dihydroneopterin and biopterin‐dihydrobiopterin substantially decreased and resulted in very long analysis time. The best separation of four pteridine derivatives was obtained in the pH range 4.8–7.8 within a reasonable analysis time up to 8 min for UHPLC‐fluorescence detection using higher concentrations of ammonium acetate buffer and up to 4 min for UHPLC‐MS using lower concentrations of ammonium acetate.
Rigidities and inflation persistence of services and regulated prices
Authors: Lünnemann Patrick , Mathä Thomas Y. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis paper studies price level rigidity and inflation persistence for EU15 member states using data on more than 1500 HICP sub‐indices. Services and HICP sub‐indices subject to price regulation exhibit a higher degree of price rigidity, with less frequent but larger index changes and a stronger asymmetry between increases and decreases. For most countries as well as for the EU15 and the euro area aggregates, excluding services from the HICP leads to a lower measured degree of inflation persistence; a similar though smaller effect is obtained by removing regulated indices from the HICP. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Searching for valid psychiatric phenotypes: discrete latent variable models
Authors: Leoutsakos Jeannie‐Marie S. , Zandi Peter P. , Bandeen‐Roche Karen , Lyketsos Constantine G. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIntroduction: A primary challenge in psychiatric genetics is the lack of a completely validated system of classification for mental disorders. Appropriate statistical methods are needed to empirically derive more homogenous disorder subtypes.Methods: Using the framework of Robins and Guze's (‘Establishment of diagnostic validity in psychiatric illness: its application to schizophrenia’,American Journal of Psychiatry, 1970, 126(7), 983–987) five phases, latent variable models to derive and validate diagnostic groups are described. A process of iterative validation is proposed through which refined phenotypes would facilitate research on genetics, pathogenesis, and treatment, which would in turn aid further refinement of disorder definitions.Conclusions: Latent variable methods are useful tools for defining and validating psychiatric phenotypes. Further methodological research should address sample size issues and application to iterative validation.Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of PEO‐PPO‐PEO copolymer on the mechanical and thermal properties and morphological behavior of biodegradable poly (L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly (butylene succinate‐co‐L‐lactate) (PBSL) blends
Authors: Vilay V. , Mariatti M. , Ahmad Zulkifli , Pasomsouk K. , Todo Mitsugu 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA blend of two biodegradable and semi‐crystalline polymers, poly (L‐lactic acid) (PLLA; 70 wt%) and poly (butylene succinate‐co‐L‐lactate) (PBSL; 30 wt%), was prepared in the presence of various polyethylene oxide‐polypropylene oxide‐polyethylene oxide (PEO‐PPO‐PEO) triblock copolymer contents (0.5, 1, 2 wt%). Mechanical, thermal properties, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of the blends were investigated. It was found that the addition of copolymer to PLLA/PBSL improved the fracture toughness of the blends as shown by mode I fracture energies. It was supported by morphological analysis where the brittle deformation behavior of PLLA changed to ductile deformation with the presence of elongated fibril structure in the blend with copolymer system. The glass transition temperature (Tg), melting temperature (Tm) of PLLA, and PBSL shift‐closed together indicated that some compatibility exists in the blends. In short, PEO‐PPO‐PEO could be used as compatibilizer to improve the toughness and compatibility of the PLLA/PBSL blends. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human herpes simplex viruses in benign and malignant thyroid tumours
Authors: Jensen Kirk , Patel Aneeta , Larin Alexander , Hoperia Victoria , Saji Motoyasu , Bauer Andrew , Yim Kevin , Hemming Val , Vasko Vasyl 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTo test the hypothesis that herpes viruses may have a role in thyroid neoplasia, we analysed thyroid tissues from patients with benign (44) and malignant (65) lesions for HSV1 and HSV2 DNA. Confirmatory studies included direct sequencing, analysis of viral gene expression, and activation of viral‐inducible signalling pathways. Expression of viral entry receptor nectin‐1 was examined in human samples and in cancer cell lines. In vitro experiments were performed to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying thyroid cancer cell susceptibility to HSV. HSV DNA was detected in 43/109 (39.4%) examined samples. HSV capsid protein expression correlated with HSV DNA status. HSV‐positive tumours were characterized by activation of virus‐inducible signalling such as interferon‐beta expression and nuclear NFκB expression. Lymphocyte infiltration and oncocytic cellular features were common in HSV‐positive tumours. HSV1 was detected with the same frequency in benign and malignant thyroid tumours. HSV2 was significantly associated with papillary thyroid cancer and the presence of lymph node metastases. The expression of HSV entry receptor nectin‐1 was increased in thyroid tumours compared to normal thyroid tissue and further increased in papillary thyroid cancer. Nectin‐1 expression was detected in all examined thyroid cancer cell lines. Nectin‐1 expression in cancer cells correlated with their susceptibility to HSV. Inhibition of PI3K/AKT or MAPK/ERK signalling did not affect the level of nectin‐1 expression but decreased thyroid cancer cell susceptibility to HSV. These findings showed that HSV is frequently detected in thyroid cancer. During tumour progression, thyroid cells acquire increased susceptibility to HSV due to increased expression of viral entry mediator nectin‐1 and activation of mitogenic signalling in cancer cells. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.