bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicenter randomized controlled trial of exercise in aortic dissection survivors: rationale, design, and initial hemodynamic data
Authors: Toy Yasmin A. , House Kayla N. , Boyer Leslie M. , McNamara Jennifer L. , Hofmann-Bowman Marion A. , Eagle Kim A. , Lim Michelle S. , Braverman Alan C. , Prakash Siddharth K. 
Published: May 2024

Aims: There are currently no evidence-based guidelines for exercise after thoracic aortic dissection (TAD), leading to highly variable recommendations that frequently lead patients to restrict their physical activities. This multicenter randomized controlled trial was intended to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a moderate intensity guided exercise program for TAD survivors.
Methods: Participants were eligible if they had a Type A or Type B dissection at least 90 days before enrollment and could attend two in-person study visits. The guided exercise circuit consisted of six aerobic, isotonic, or isometric exercises that participants continued at home with virtual follow-up sessions. The primary endpoint is the change in the composite anxiety and depression PROMIS-29 T-score at 12 months. Secondary endpoints include changes in grip strength, weight, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure, and arterial biomechanical properties measured by central arterial waveform analysis.
Results: Preliminary analysis of the first 81 enrolled participants demonstrated that the guided exercise circuit was completed safely and was not associated with severe hypertension, injury, or adverse cardiovascular events. At enrollment, adverse central waveform or ABPM characteristics were prevalent and were significantly associated with exertional hypertension.
Conclusions: Guided exercise is safe for aortic dissection survivors. Follow-up of enrolled participants will conclude in October 2024.
CALCULATION OF COMPLEX RELIABILITY INDICATORS OF THE AUTOMATED EQUIPMENT MONITORING SYSTEM
Authors: Spodynskyi Oleksandr 
Published: May 2024

In the modern industrial environment, automated equipment monitoring systems play an important role in ensuring the efficiency and safety of technological processes. However, ensuring the reliability of these systems requires careful calculation of complex indicators. Research is focused on the development of methodologies and algorithms for calculating the reliability of automated monitoring systems.
The article provides an overview of the comprehensive reliability indicators of the automated equipment monitoring system. First of all, the work defines the critical components of the system, evaluates their reliability and interaction. Reliability analysis methods include elements of probability theory and mathematical statistics. Among them is the calculation of the average time of failure-free operation, the probability of failure and other criteria that allow evaluating the functioning of the system in real conditions. In accordance with regulatory documents, a list of reliability indicators for equipment and the monitoring system as a whole has been created. The methodology for calculating complex indicators of the reliability of the automated monitoring system is given. An example of failure intensity calculation and complex reliability indicators for an analog measuring channel of an automated equipment monitoring system is given. The calculation example shows the estimated failure intensities of the components of the calculated analog channel and the total working time per failure.
Therefore, the research is focused on the development and optimization of methods for calculating complex indicators of the reliability of automated equipment monitoring systems, which helps to improve their functionality and ensures effective control of technical processes in industrial conditions.
Changes in Racial and Ethnic Inequities in Pregnancy-Associated Death in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Margerison Claire E. , Wang Xueshi , Goldman-Mellor Sidra , Muzik Maria , Gemmill Alison 
Published: May 2024

Objectives. To examine changes in cause-specific pregnancy-associated deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic by race and ethnicity and assess changes in racial and ethnic inequities in pregnancy-associated deaths. Methods. We used US vital statistics mortality data from 2018 to 2021 to identify pregnancy-associated deaths among females aged 15 to 44 years. We calculated crude pregnancy-associated death rates (deaths per 100 000 live births) by year, cause, and race/ethnicity, percent change in death rate, and the inequity (difference) in rate for each racial or ethnic group compared with non-Hispanic White people. Results. The pregnancy-associated death rate for obstetric, drug-related, homicide, and other causes of death increased during 2020, and obstetric deaths continued to increase in 2021. Overall estimates mask 2021 increases in drug-related deaths among Hispanic, non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN), and non-Hispanic Asian people; increases in homicide among most racial and ethnic groups; and increases in suicide among Hispanic, non-Hispanic AI/AN, and non-Hispanic Asian people. Conclusions. We found disproportionate increases in pregnancy-associated deaths from nonobstetric causes among minoritized racial and ethnic groups during the COVID-19 pandemic. ( Am J Public Health. 2024;114(7):733–742. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307651 )
Lessons learned during a twelve-year monitoring project with the endangered Magdalena River turtle (Podocnemis lewyana): Hunting pressure, habitat degradation, and methodological considerations
Authors: Páez Vivian P. , Bock Brian , Toro-Cardona Felipe A. , Cartagena-Otálvaro Viviana M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Turtle species in the Family Podocnemididae, including the Colombian endemic and critically endangered Magdalena River Turtle Podocnemis lewyana, characteristically present low recapture rates that precludes estimation of population parameters using maximum likelihood modelling. In our twelve-year monitoring project with this species, we evaluated changes in relative abundances, proportions of sex/size classes, and individual body sizes and body conditions in a population in four channels in the middle Magdalena River drainage. We also inspected for associations between trends in changes in these variables and differences in hunting pressure and habitat degradation. To inspect for temporal and spatial demographic dynamics, we estimated variation in relative abundances using the Catch Per Unit Effort index, the total number of turtles captured over an entire five-day sampling period using ten baited funnel traps. Relative abundances and the proportions of sex/size classes were different between sites and years. We found a significant decline in the proportion of females and juveniles over time, along with evidence that the females still present were smaller in body size. Our results support the hypothesis that hunting eliminates adult females from these sites, perhaps also translating into a reduction in recruitment. The lack of evidence of generalized declines in body condition of all size classes suggests that habitat degradation might contribute less to the population declines in this region. Our results also illustrate that even when recapture rates are low, monitoring turtles via standardized trapping may yield insights into the population's conservation status that other types of relative abundance indices cannot.
A Unified Framework of Scaffold-Lab for Critical Assessment of Protein Backbone Generation Methods
Authors: chen Haifeng , Zheng Zhuoqi , Zhang Bo , Zhong Bozitao , Liu Kexin , Li Zhengxin , Zhu Junjie , Yu JIngyu , Wei Ting 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

De novo protein design has undergone a rapid development in recent years, especially for backbone generation, which stands out as more challenging yet valuable, offering the ability to design novel protein folds with fewer constraints. However, a comprehensive delineation of its potential for practical application in protein engineering remains lacking, as does a standardized evaluation framework to accurately assess the diverse methodologies within this field. Here, we proposed Scaffold-Lab benchmark focusing on evaluating unconditional generation across metrics like designability, novelty, diversity, efficiency and structural properties. We also extrapolated our benchmark to include the motif-scaffolding problem, demonstrating the utility of these conditional generation models. Our findings reveal that FrameFlow and RFdiffusion in unconditional generation and GPDL-H in conditional generation showcased the most outstanding performances. Furthermore, we described a systematic study to investigate conditional generation and applied it to the motif-scaffolding task, offering a novel perspective for the analysis and development of conditional protein design methods. All data and scripts are available at https://github.com/Immortals-33/Scaffold-Lab.
Association between Metabolic flexibility and Hepatic fat content in individuals with Non- alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Huang Wei , He Yifei , Ruan Weiqi , Zhai Haonan , Lin Yanyu , Dai Xiangdi , Wang Tian , Huo Cuilan , Zhuang Jie , Lu Jin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Our study investigated the relationship between metabolic flexibility (MetF) and hepatic fat content (HFC) in individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Men and women who met the diagnostic criteria for NAFLD were recruited. MetF was evaluated by the change of respiratory exchange ratio (ΔRER) from resting to exercise. Body composition, hepatic fat content (HFC), and clinical blood metabolic profiles were assessed. The study included 30 subjects (16 males). Subjects were classified into HMF (higher MetF) group and LMF (lower MetF) group based on the median ΔRER of 0.12. Subjects in the LMF group demonstrated significantly higher waist circumference(p=0.048), waist to hip ratio(p=0.043), HFC (p<0.001), visceral fat(p=0.039), and android fat to gynoid fat ratio(p=0.027). The LMF group exhibited higher levels of triglycerides (p=0.040), total cholesterol(p=0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(p<0.001), and liver enzyme compared to HMF group. The AUC of glucose (p=0.030), free fat acids(p=0.024), and triglyceride (p=0.033) in LMF group were greater than those in HMF group, respectively. Metabolic flexibility reflects metabolic health in NAFLD, with lower MetF associated with higher abdominal fat and worse metabolic profiles. Enhancing fat oxidation at rest and carbohydrate oxidation during exercise may reduce HFC. High-intensity exercise is recommended to improve metabolic outcomes in NAFLD patients.
Relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and obesity in sarcopenia and presarcopenia among elderly people
Authors: Huang Shih-Wei , Chang Wen-Jui , Tung Pi-Hung , Liao Ting-Wei , Liu Geng-Hao , Lin Shih-Wei , Hu Han-Chung , Chen Ning-Hung , Fang Ji-Tseng , Chuang Li-Pang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), obesity and sarcopenia are issues have been attracting increasing attention. The associations between OSA, obesity and sarcopenia have rarely been investigated in previous studies.
Methods
We invited healthy adults aged 60 years or older who lived in Chang Gung Health and Culture Village in Taoyuan or Songshan District in Taipei city between September 2019 and October 2020 to participate in this study. Demographics were collected from the electronic medical records of our hospital or statements of the participants. Full-channel home polysomnography (PSG), handgrip strength, the 4-meter walk test, and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) were used to evaluate OSA and sarcopenia.
Results
A total of 96 participants were included. Considering the small number of sarcopenia participants and the pathophysiology of OSA, we included presarcopenia participants in the sarcopenia group. The severity of OSA and BMI increased with age, and the peak values were observed between 70 and 80 years of age. A delayed increase in the severity of OSA in females was observed. Males were more likely to be obese than females. The prevalence of sarcopenia increased with age and was greater in females. In those without sarcopenia, a positive correlation was observed between the severity of OSA and obesity (p = 0.043).
Conclusions
Sarcopenia and low muscle mass may be confounding factors when evaluating the relationship between OSA and obesity in elderly individuals.
Bogong moths use a stellar compass for long-distance navigation at night
Authors: Warrant Eric , Dreyer David , Adden Andrea , Chen Hui , Frost Barrie , Mouritsen Henrik , Xu Jingjing , Green Ken , Whitehouse Mary , Chahl Javaan , Wallace Jesse , Hu Gao , Foster James , Heinze Stanley 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Each spring, billions of Bogong moths escape hot conditions across southeast Australia by migrating up to 1000 km to a place they have never previously visited – a limited number of cool caves in the Australian Alps, historically used for aestivating over summer1,2. At the beginning of autumn the same individuals make a return migration to their breeding grounds to reproduce and die. Here we show that Bogong moths use the starry night sky as a compass to distinguish geographic cardinal directions and to steer migration in their inherited migratory direction, the first invertebrate known with this ability. By tethering spring and autumn migratory moths in a flight simulator3-5, we found that under naturalistic moonless night skies, and in a nulled geomagnetic field (disabling the moth’s known magnetic sense4), moths flew in their seasonally appropriate migratory directions. Visual interneurons in different regions of the moth’s brain responded specifically to rotations of the night sky and were tuned to a common sky orientation, firing maximally when the moth was headed southwards. Our results suggest that Bogong moths use stellar cues and the Earth’s magnetic field to create a robust compass system for long-distance nocturnal navigation
LOWEL AI Using technology and machine learning algorithms to detect harmful bacteria present in water
Authors: Jallow Cherno 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), each year, approximately 1.8 million people die from diarrheal diseases caused by contaminated water[1]. Consuming contaminated water can transmit various diseases such as cholera, diarrhoea, dysentery and typhoid. This pressing global challenge of water contamination has shown the need for innovative solutions for the detection of harmful bacteria present in water sources. LOWEL AI (Learning from Observations to Improve Water Efficiency and Life) is emerging as a technological innovation aimed at revolutionizing water quality assessment by developing a machine learning model that can detect harmful bacteria present in water samples. This paper discusses the potential of LOWEL AI, an emerging research work that outlines the integration of machine learning algorithms, bioluminescent sensors and microscopic cameras to detect harmful bacteria present in water and predict future water conditions by the measurement and observation of certain molecules related to bacteria.
The researcher predicts significant findings from this study which includes compelling correlations between ATP(adenosine triphosphate) levels and bacterial concentration (r = 0.75, p < 0.05), as well as the observation of an inverse relationship between bacterial presence and levels of nitrates (r = -0.62, p < 0.05). These findings highlight the effectiveness of ATP-based bacterial detection and shows the relevance of the sensors in real-time monitoring capabilities.
It is important to note that at this stage, LOWEL AI is a concept and theoretical framework, no practical, hands on implementation or experimentation has been conducted as of yet. The paper discusses potential correlations and data validation measures that will be explored in a future practical implementation of the LOWEL AI framework. Emphasizing that this work serves as a foundational step towards shaping the future of water quality management.
How does the daily regulation hydropower station reduce the hydrological regime impact? A case study in upper Yellow River
Authors: Yang Xue , Li Fengnian , Li Shi , Fu Xiaohua , Luo Jungang , Zuo Ganggang , Xu Chong-Yu 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Human activities, particularly the regulation of hydropower stations, have profoundly altered river flow patterns. While studies have extensively assessed the impact of large or multi-year regulated hydropower stations on hydrological regimes using indicators of hydrological alteration (IHA) and range of variability approach (RVA), the impact of daily regulation hydropower stations has received comparatively less attention. This study aims to evaluate the influence of daily regulation hydropower stations on hydrological regime changes, focusing on the upper Yellow River region in China. Using daily runoff data from 1954 to 2020 at the Guide station, the study compares the impacts of multi-year regulated (Longyangxia) and daily regulation (Laxiwa and Nina) hydropower stations. The Mann-Kendall test showed that 27 out of 32 Indicators of Hydrological Alteration (IHAs) had significant trends under Longyangxia operation, which reduced to 18 IHAs with the inclusion of daily regulation stations. The Range of Variability Approach (RVA) revealed that only 46.87% of IHAs exhibited high alteration from the natural regime when daily regulation was considered, down from 75.00% with Longyangxia alone. This suggests that daily regulation can mitigate the negative impacts of multi-year regulation, potentially enhancing the river's eco-hydrological health.
A Study on the Effects of Different Positions on the Clinical Prognosis of Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Dai Qinqin , Zhang Mengmeng , Guo Yuanli , Tang Qilan , Wang Aixia , Xu Yuming , Liu Kai 
Published: May 2024

:
The key to treating Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS) is to rapidly reopen occluded blood
vessels, restore blood flow, and rescue the ischemic penumbra. Treatment methods mainly include
thrombolysis, endovascular intervention, etc. However, these treatments are limited by
strict time windows and technical conditions. Simpler and more feasible methods to improve
cerebral blood flow are currently a hot topic in clinical research. In recent years, several studies
have shown that changes in body position can effectively improve cerebral blood flow in patients.
However, the effect on the neurological functional prognosis of AIS remains inconclusive.
This review has examined the effects of changes in body position on the clinical prognosis
of AIS, combining relevant guidelines and the latest research. The study has provided evidence
of an improvement in the clinical prognosis of AIS.
Internet Use as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Personal Resources and Stress in Older Adults: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Roquet Angélique , Martinelli Paolo , Lampraki Charikleia , Jopp Daniela S 
Published: May 2024

Background
Internet use has dramatically increased worldwide, with over two-thirds of the world’s population using it, including the older adult population. Technical resources such as internet use have been shown to influence psychological processes such as stress positively. Following the Conservation of Resources theory by Hobfoll, stress experience largely depends on individuals’ personal resources and the changes in these resources. While personal resource loss has been shown to lead to stress, we know little regarding the role that technical resources may play on the relationship between personal resources and stress.

Objective
This study aims to investigate the moderating effect of technical resources (internet use) on the relationship between personal resources and stress in younger and older adults.

Methods
A total of 275 younger adults (aged 18 to 30 years) and 224 older adults (aged ≥65 years) indicated their levels of stress; change in personal resources (ie, cognitive, social, and self-efficacy resource loss and gain); and internet use. Variance analyses, multiple regression, and moderation analyses were performed to investigate the correlates of stress.

Results
Results showed that older adults, despite experiencing higher levels of resource loss (questionnaire scores: 1.82 vs 1.54; P<.001) and less resource gain (questionnaire scores: 1.82 vs 2.31; P<.001), were less stressed than younger adults (questionnaire scores: 1.99 vs 2.47; P<.001). We observed that the relationship among resource loss, resource gain, and stress in older adults was moderated by their level of internet use (β=.09; P=.05). Specifically, older adults who used the internet more frequently were less stressed when they experienced high levels of both loss and gain compared to their counterparts who used internet the less in the same conditions. Furthermore, older adults with low resource gain and high resource loss expressed less stress when they used the internet more often compared to those with low internet use.

Conclusions
These findings highlight the importance of internet use in mitigating stress among older adults experiencing resource loss and gain, emphasizing the potential of digital interventions to promote mental health in this population.
LOW CD 4 COUNT IN HIV NEGATIVE PATIENT-A CASE OF COMMON VARIABLE DEFICIENCY CENTRAL HOSPITAL NWR JAIPUR DEPT OF MEDICINE: A CASE REPORT
Authors: MEENA RAKESH KUMAR , AGARWAL DEEPAK , PABRI MANISH 
Published: May 2024

Common variable immunodeficiency syndrome (CVID) is a disorder characterised by reduced levels of IgG, IgA and/or IgM, and recurrent bacterial infections. Sinopulmonary infections, gastrointestinal infections. It is commonly seen in association to immunodeficiency states such as CVID, IgA deficiency and chronic infections due to Giardia lamblia and Helicobacter pylori. We report a case of CVID with low CD 4 counts having recurrent diarrhoea, weight loss, anasarca and Hypoproteinaemia.
Should School Buses Be Green? A Sustainability Decision-Making Case Study
Authors: Albritton Bonnie R. , Holmes Amy Foshee , Jones Janet R. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
The Director of Transportation for Grenze Independent School District wants to transform the bus fleet to clean energy, but budget constraints are a constant barrier. The health and safety of pupils, particularly those with asthma, is a compelling feature of this case to engage students and explore the benefits and challenges of electric vehicles. The purpose of this case study is to encourage students to consider all stakeholders when analyzing data for business decision-making, thus utilizing the triple bottom line. Learning objectives for Module 1 are to (1) analyze financial data for optimal decision-making, (2) identify and describe environmental and social concerns, and (3) evaluate and support recommendations considering financial, environmental, and social factors. Module 2 learning objectives focus on governmental accounting concepts to (4) analyze the impact of bond issuance on taxpayers, (5) prepare related journal entries, and (6) explain the reporting of transactions on fund-based and government-wide statements.