bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of socioeconomic status on stage of cancer at diagnosis and survival
Authors: Booth Christopher M. , Li Gavin , Zhang‐Salomons Jina , Mackillop William J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Lower socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with worsened cancer survival. The authors evaluate the impact of SES on stage of cancer at diagnosis and survival in Ontario, Canada.METHODS:All incident cases of breast, colon, rectal, nonsmall cell lung, cervical, and laryngeal cancer diagnosed in Ontario during the years 2003‐2007 were identified by using the Ontario Cancer Registry. Stage information is captured routinely for patients seen at Ontario's 8 Regional Cancer Centers (RCCs). The Ontario population was divided into quintiles (Q1‐Q5) based on community median household income reported in the 2001 census; Q1 represents the poorest communities. Overall survival (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) were determined with Kaplan‐Meier methodology. A Cox model was used to evaluate the association between survival and SES, stage, and age.RESULTS:Stage at diagnosis was available for 38,431 of 44,802 (85%) of cases seen at RCCs. The authors observed only very small differences in stage distribution by SES. Across all cases in Ontario, the authors found substantial gradients in 5‐year OS and 3‐year CSS across Q1 and Q5 for breast (7% absolute difference in OS, P < .001; 4% CSS, P < .001), colon (8% OS, P < .001; 3% CSS, P = .002), rectal (9% OS, P < .001; 4% CSS, P = .096), nonsmall cell lung (3% OS, P = .002; 2% CSS, P = .317), cervical (16% OS, P < .001; 10% CSS, P = .118), and laryngeal cancers (1% OS, P = .045; 3% CSS, P = .011). Adjustments for stage and age slightly diminished the survival gradient only among patients with breast cancer.CONCLUSIONS:Despite universal healthcare, SES remains associated with survival among patients with cancer in Ontario, Canada. Disparities in outcome were not explained by differences in stage of cancer at time of diagnosis. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Intensity of immunosuppressive therapy and the incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis
Authors: Hughes Walter T. , Feldman Sandor , Aur Rhomes J. A. , Verzosa Manuel S. , Hustu H. Omar , Simone Joseph V. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractOne hundred and forty‐nine children with acute lymphocytic leukemia treated according to a prospective protocol were randomized after induction of remission and central nervous system (CNS) irradiation to receive maintenance chemotherapy with 1, 2, 3, or 4 chemotherapy agents. The incidence of P. carinii pneumonitis (PCP) was 5.0, 2.3, 2.2, and 22.4%, respectively, during the period of maintenance therapy. An additional 31 patients enrolled in the same study were placed in special categories to receive three drugs for maintenance plus supplemental chemotherapy or irradiation because of CNS leukemia on admission, remission failure, mediastinal mass, or generalized lymphosarcoma without bone marrow involvement. The incidences of PCP in these groups were 16.7, 30.0, 35.7, and 0%, respectively, during the period of maintenance therapy.
Primary malignant melanocytic tumors of the sympathetic ganglia, with an ultrastructural study of one
Authors: Fu Yao‐Shi , Kaye Gordon I. , Lattes Raffaele 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThree cases of melanocytic tumors arising in the sympathetic chain were studied. A metastasis from one of them was studied with electron microscopy. Both light and electron microscopy demonstrated the presence in these tumors of true melanogenesis and autophagic activity in melanocytes as well as phagocytosis of mature melanin by associated histiocytes. Review of the embryology, biochemistry and in vitro culture of sympathetic nervous tissue showed a close relationship between it and pigmented cells in other parts of the body which are also derived from neural crest. These findings support the clinical and morphological conclusion that these rare pigmented tumors are true melanocytic tumors originating from the sympathetic chain. The malignant potential of these tumors is emphasized by the fact that the two patients who survived initial surgery later died of metastatic disease.
Prognosis in breast cancer utilizing histologic characteristics of the primary tumor
Authors: Black Maurice M. , Barclay Thomas H. C. , Hankey Benjamin F. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA study was made of the inter‐relationships and prognostic significance of structural characteristics found in primary breast cancers and their associated axillary lymph nodes. The prognostically favorable characteristics included the following. For the primary tumor: nuclear differentiation of the cancer cells, diffuse lymphoid cell infiltrations (LI), and perivenous lymphoid cell infiltrations (PVI). For the axillary lymph nodes: sinus histiocytosis (SH). Perivenous lymphoid cell infiltrations (PVI) in the primary tumor are found to be as important a prognostic factor as SH in the axillary lymph nodes; these two characteristics are found to be positively associated. Evaluation of the nuclear grade (NG), LI, and PVI in the primary tumor allows for the definition of prognostically significant patient groupings. LI is found to occur primarily in assoication with cancer cells having a low (anaplastic) nuclear grade, and to be positively associated with follicular hyperplasia (FH) in the lymph nodes. We also found a positive association between the cellular responses to areas of in situ carcinoma and the cellular responses to accompanying invasive breast cancer. These findings add to our general understanding of immunogenicity of breast cancer tissue. They also provide a progonstic system for classifying breast cancer patients on the basis of the microscopic characteristics of the primary tumor and surrounding breast tissue. The latter system should be of value in comparing the therapeutic benefits of various treatments.
Breast thermography as a screening technique: An evalutation of performance data
Authors: Revesz George , Lapayowker Marc S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe concepts of relative operating characteristics (ROC‐curves) and detectability index (d') are introduced for the purpose of evaluating performance in breast thermography. In assessing published information on the subject we have found that much of it is anecdotal and lacks sufficient data to determine performance. We have also found that for those published findings which had sufficient data it was possible to reconcile conflicting conclusions as to the efficacy of thermography, and that performance could be quantitated with the use of the detectability index. Conclusions for optimizing available clinical thermographic techniques are given together with ways for future improvement.
Mesenchymal tumors of the uterus. V. Intravenous leiomyomatosis: A clinical and pathologic study of 14 cases
Authors: Norris Henry J. , Parmley Tim 
Published: August 2010

AbstractFourteen examples of intravenous leiomyomatosis in the AFIP files were studied. Growth beyond the uterus occurred in 10 of the 14 examples, largely in vessels in the broad ligament and in uterine and iliac veins. Metastasis to the heart occurred in 1 example. The study provides evidence that is consistent with both theories of origin of intravenous leiomyomatosis; namely, that it may arise either from the wall of veins within the myometrium or be a result of unusually extensive vascular invasion from a leiomyoma of the myometrium. Intravenous leiomyomatosis should be distinguished from a leiomyoma with vascular invasion by arbitrarily limiting the designation of leiomyoma with vascular invasion to neoplasms in which the vascular growth is a microscopic finding and confined within the leiomyoma. Criteria are given for distinguishing intravenous leiomyomatosis from endometrial stromal sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, leiomyoma with vascular invasion, and leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata.
“Skip” metastases in osteosarcoma
Authors: Enneking W. F. , Kagan A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractCareful study of 40 cases of osteosarcoma without evidence of multifocal disease, pulmonary metastasis, or history of exposure to predisposing factors has given histologic evidence of microscopic foci of osteosarcoma separate from the primary focus of osteogenic sarcoma. These “skip” lesions are to all pathologic examination completely separate from the primary focus of osteogenic sarcoma. They are more often found proximal to the primary, both intraosseously and transarticularly. Histologically, these “skips” represent areas of osteosarcoma which in many cases are a less‐differentiated form of the tumor. The natural history of such tumors with “skips” following ablative surgery is an increased incidence of local recurrence and subsequent pulmonary metastases.
Water‐Soluble Ultra‐Small Manganese Oxide Surface Doped Gadolinium Oxide (Gd2O3@MnO) Nanoparticles for MRI Contrast Agent
Authors: Sook Choi Eun , Young Park Ja , Ju Baek Myung , Xu Wenlong , Kattel Krishna , Hyun Kim Joo , Jun Lee Jae , Chang Yongmin , Jeong Kim Tae , Eun Bae Ji , Seok Chae Kwon , Jin Suh Kyung , Ho Lee Gang 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe have developed ultra‐small gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) nanoparticles, which are surface‐doped with manganese oxide (MnO) (abbreviated as Gd2O3@MnO). The surface‐doped nanoparticles ranged from 1 to 2 nm in diameter. They were further coated with hydrophilic biocompatible lactobionic acid. In‐vitro tests of the sample solution indicated clear dose‐dependent contrast enhancements in both T1 and T2 map images, showing that the nanoparticles may be used as both T1 and T2 MRI contrast agents. Their performance as a T1 MRI contrast agent was proved in vivo through T1 MR images of a mouse.
Effect of sialic acid content on glycoprotein pI analyzed by two‐dimensional electrophoresis
Authors: Barrabés Sílvia , Sarrats Ariadna , Fort Esther , De Llorens Rafael , Rudd Pauline M. , Peracaula Rosa 
Published: August 2010

Abstract2‐DE is broadly used for quantitative analysis of differential protein expression in complex mixtures such as serum samples or cell lysates. PTMs directly influence the 2‐DE pattern, and knowledge of the rules of protein separation is required in order to understand the protein distribution in a 2‐DE gel. Glycosylation is the most common PTM and can modify both the molecular weight and the pI of a protein. In particular, the effect of charged monosaccharides (mainly sialic acids, SAs) on the 2‐DE pattern of a protein is of major interest since changes in sialylation are regularly observed in comparative studies. Little is known about the pI shift of a glycoprotein induced by the presence of SAs, or whether this shift is the same for all glycoproteins. To address this issue, this study examined the influence of SA on the 2‐DE pattern of three serum glycoproteins (haptoglobin, α1‐antitrypsin and ribonuclease 1), which N‐glycan chains had been previously characterised, and reviewed existing bibliographic data. The SA content of the different glycoforms of a glycoprotein showed a negative linear correlation with the pI, although the slope varied among the studied glycoproteins. We also described a positive correlation between the protein pI and the pI decrease per SA molecule.
On‐line separation of bacterial cells by carbon‐electrode dielectrophoresis
Authors: Jaramillo Maria del Carmen , Torrents Eduard , Martínez‐Duarte Rodrigo , Madou Marc J. , Juárez Antonio 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDielectrophoresis (DEP) represents a powerful approach to manipulate and study living cells. Hitherto, several approaches have used 2‐D DEP chips. With the aim to increase sample volume, in this study we used a 3‐D carbon‐electrode DEP chip to trap and release bacterial cells. A continuous flow was used to plug an Escherichia coli cell suspension first, to retain cells by positive DEP, and thereafter to recover them by washing with peptone water washing solution. This approach allows one not only to analyze DEP behavior of living cells within the chip, but also to further recover fractions containing DEP‐trapped cells. Bacterial concentration and flow rate appeared as critical parameters influencing the separation capacity of the chip. Evidence is presented demonstrating that the setup developed in this study can be used to separate different types of bacterial cells.
Impurity profiling of dexamphetamine sulfate by cyclodextrin‐modified microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography
Authors: Wongwan Sudaporn , Scriba Gerhard K. E. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA CD‐modified microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography method has been developed and validated for dexamphetamine sulfate which allows the simultaneous determination of charged and uncharged impurities of the drug including the levorotary (R)‐enantiomer. The optimized background electrolyte consisted of 1.5% w/w SDS, 0.5% w/w ethyl acetate, 3.5% w/w 1‐butanol, 2.5% w/w 2‐propanol and 92% w/w 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 3.0, containing 5.5% w/w sulfated β‐CD. Separations were performed in a 50.2/40 cm, 50 μm id fused silica capillary at a temperature of 20°C and an applied voltage of −14 kV. Carbamazepine was used as internal standard. The assay was validated in the range of 0.1–1.0% for the related substances and 0.1–5.0% for levoamphetamine based on a concentration of 3 mg/mL of dexamphetamine sulfate. The LOD of all analytes ranged between 0.05 and 0.2%. In commercial samples of dexamphetamine sulfate, levoamphetamine was found at concentrations between 3.2 and 3.8%, whereas none of the other impurities could be detected.
Geotechnics and mass balance of the earthworks for the second tube of the Tauern Tunnel /
Authors: Burger Daniela , Kohlböck Bernhard , Schoitsch Christian 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe construction of the 6,545 m long second tube of the Tauern Tunnel required a well thought‐out concept for the disposal and reuse of the material excavated from the tunnel. Because the reuse of the excavated material had been assigned the highest priority for saving resources according to the Waste Management Law (AWG), the project also included a number of officially approved earthworks projects. This article gives an overview of the considerations and challenges, which arose during the design and construction phases with regard to the disposal and reuse of this material. Particular attention is paid to embankment filling to raise the level of the Tauernalm service area, where about 235,000 m3 of tunnel spoil was filled in only three months. The article also describes the particular challenges of geotechnical design, supervision and logistics on this project, and also the overall mass balance of the tunnel excavation, which had to be adapted a number of times during the construction phase due to altered project parameters and had to be considered as a direct interaction with the tunnelling concept.Der Bau der 6.545 m langen zweiten Röhre des Tauerntunnels erforderte ein durchdachtes Konzept für die Disposition und Verwendung des Tunnelausbruchmaterials. Da der Wiederverwertung des dabei gewonnenen Materials im Sinne des Abfallwirtschaftsgesetztes (AWG) zur Schonung der Ressourcen höchste Priorität eingeräumt wurde, umfasste das Bauvorhaben auch mehrere behördlich bewilligte Erdbauprojekte. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Themenkreise und Herausforderungen, die sich im Zusammenhang mit der Disposition und Verwertung des angefallenen Ausbruchmaterials im Zuge der Planungs‐ und Ausführungsphase ergeben haben. Hierbei wird insbesondere auf die Dammschüttung zur Anhebung der Raststation Tauernalm eingegangen, bei der rund 235.000 m3 Tunnelausbruchmaterial in nur knapp drei Monaten eingebaut wurden. Der Artikel beschreibt die besonderen Anforderungen an die geotechnische Planung, die Überwachung und die Logistik für dieses Bauwerk. Daneben wird auf die Massenbilanz des gesamten Tunnelausbruchs eingegangen, die aufgrund geänderter Projektrandbedingungen auch während der Ausführungsphase mehrfach angepasst werden musste und in direkter Wechselwirkung mit dem Vortriebskonzept zu betrachten war.
Use of micro‐Raman spectroscopy to investigate hybrid layer quality in demineralized root dentine
Authors: Rolland Sarah L. , Walls Angus W. G. , McCabe John F. , German Matthew J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTreatment of early root caries using resin adhesives to stabilize demineralized dentine and deprive bacteria of nutrients is a recognized and conservative treatment option. Essential to its success is a stable resin‐dentine interface, with effective infiltration of demineralized dentine and adequate resin curing. The objective of this study was therefore to examine degree of cure (DoC) and depth of penetration of dentine adhesives in demineralized dentine using micro‐Raman spectroscopy. Three commercially available adhesives were applied essentially according to manufacturers' instructions to visibly wet demineralized dentine, with two coats of primer to reduce dilution. Specimens were sectioned perpendicular to the bonded interface and micro‐Raman spectroscopy performed on the cross section. Molecules associated with the adhesive were detected to depths greater than 100 μm indicating a thicker hybrid layer than seen in sound dentine. The hybrid layer showed an increase in proportion of aliphatic CC double bonds at the base of the hybrid layer, which may be a consequence of reduced DoC or phase separation. Micro‐Raman spectra suggest deep zones contain an increased concentration of HEMA and a lower concentration of BisGMA, which is likely to be less stable and may contribute to early breakdown of the dentine adhesive interface. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.
Effect of silica coating combined to a MDP‐based primer on the resin bond to Y‐TZP ceramic
Authors: May Liliana Gressler , Passos Sheila Pestana , Capelli Diana Barca , Özcan Mutlu , Bottino Marco Antonio , Valandro Luiz Felipe 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of silica coating and 10‐methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP)‐based primer applications upon the bonding durability of a MDP‐based resin cement to a yttrium stabilized tetragonal zirconia (Y‐TZP) ceramic. Ninety‐six Y‐TZP tabs were embedded in an acrylic resin (free surface for adhesion: 5 × 5 mm2), ground finished and randomly divided into four groups (N = 24) according to the ceramic surface conditioning: (1) cleaning with isopropanol (ALC); (2) ALC + phosphoric acid etching + MDP‐based primer application (MDP‐primer); (3) silica coating + 3‐methacryloyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (MPS)‐based coupling agent application (SiO2 + MPS‐Sil); and (4) SiO2 + MDP‐primer. The MDP‐based resin cement was applied on the treated surface using a cylindrical mold (diameter= 3 mm). Half of the specimens from each surface conditioning were stored in distilled water (37°C, 24 h) before testing. Another half of the specimens were stored (90 days) and thermo‐cycled (12,000×) during this period (90d/TC) before testing. A shear bond strength (SBS) test was performed at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Two factors composed the experimental design: ceramic conditioning strategy (in four levels) and storage condition (in two levels), totaling eight groups. After 90d/TC (Tukey; p < 0.05), SiO2 + MDP‐primer (24.40 MPa) promoted the highest SBS. The ALC and MDP‐primer groups debonded spontaneously during 90d/TC. Bonding values were higher and more stable in the SiO2 groups. The use of MDP‐primer after silica coating increased the bond strength. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.
Flowsheet simulation of aqueous two‐phase extraction systems for protein purification
Authors: Ahmad Murni M. , Hauan Steinar , Przybycien Todd M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Aqueous two‐phase extraction (ATPE) has many advantages as an efficient, inexpensive large‐scale liquid–liquid extraction technique for protein separation. However, the realization of ATPE as a protein separation technology at industrial scales is rather limited due to the large, multidimensional design space and the paucity of design approaches to predict phase and product behavior in an integrated fashion with overall system performance. This paper describes a framework designed to calculate suitable flowsheets for the extraction of a target protein from a complex protein feed using ATPE. The framework incorporated a routine to set up flowsheets according to target protein partitioning behavior in specific ATPE systems and a calculation of the amounts of phase‐forming components needed to extract the target protein. The thermodynamics of phase formation and partitioning were modeled using Flory‐Huggins theory and calculated using a Gibbs energy difference minimization approach.RESULTS: As a case study, suitable flowsheets to recover phosphofructokinase from a simple model feedstock using poly(ethylene glycol)‐dextran (PEG6000‐DxT500) and poly(ethylene glycol)‐salt (PEG6000‐Na3PO4) two‐phase systems were designed and the existence of feasible solutions was demonstrated. The flowsheets were compared in terms of product yield, product purity, phase settling rate and scaled process cost. The effect of the mass flowrates of phase‐forming components on product yield and purity was also determined.CONCLUSION: This framework is proposed as a basis for flowsheet optimization for protein purification using ATPE systems. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of an educational program and a standardized insulin order form on glycemic outcomes in non‐critically ill hospitalized patients
Authors: Wesorick David H. , Grunawalt Julie , Kuhn Latoya , Rogers Mary A. M. , Gianchandani Roma 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The optimal approach to managing hyperglycemia in noncritically ill hospital patients is unclear.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of targeted quality improvement interventions on insulin prescribing and glycemic control.DESIGN:A cohort study comparing an intervention group (IG) to a concurrent control group (CCG) and an historic control group (HCG).SETTING:University of Michigan Hospital.PATIENTS:Hyperglycemic, noncritically ill hospital patients treated with insulin.INTERVENTION:Physician and nurse education and a standardized insulin order form based on the principles of physiologic insulin use.MEASUREMENTS:Glycemic control and insulin prescribing patterns.RESULTS:Patients in the IG were more likely to be treated with a combination of scheduled basal and nutritional insulin than in the other groups. In the final adjusted regression model, patients in the IG were more likely to be in the target glucose range (odds ratio [OR], 1.72; P = 0.01) and less likely to be severely hyperglycemic (OR, 0.65; P < 0.01) when compared to those in the CCG. Patients in the IG were also less likely to experience hypoglycemia than those in the CCG (P = 0.06) or the HCG (P = 0.01). Over 80% of all patient‐days for all groups contained glucose readings outside of the target range.CONCLUSIONS:Standardized interventions encouraging the physiologic use of subcutaneous insulin can lead to significant improvements in glycemic control and patient safety in hospitalized patients. However, the observed improvements are modest, and poor metabolic control remains common, despite these interventions. Additional research is needed to determine the best strategy for safely achieving metabolic control in these patients. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Managing hyponatremia in cirrhosis
Authors: Ross Elizabeth , Sigal Samuel H. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe development of hyponatremia represents an ominous event in the progression of cirrhosis to end‐stage liver disease. It usually develops in those with refractory ascites and is a manifestation of the non‐osmotic release of arginine vasopressin (AVP). In the hospitalized cirrhotic patient, hyponatremia is associated with increased disease severity and mortality. In this article, we review the pathophysiology of hyponatremia, its clinical implications, evaluation, and treatment. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:S8–S17. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.