bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Thoroughbred and Quarter Horse racehorses that sustained a complete scapular fracture
Authors: VALLANCE S. A. , CASE J. T. , ENTWISTLE R. C. , KINDE H. , BARR B. C. , MOORE J. , ANDERSON M. L. , ARTHUR R. M. , STOVER S. M. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryReasons for performing study:To determine if scapular fractures occur in racehorses with distinctive characteristics.Objectives:To test the hypothesis that Thoroughbred (TB) and Quarter Horse (QH) racehorses with a scapular fracture have similar characteristics that are different from those of their respective racetrack populations.Methods:Necropsy findings, case details, last race information and career earnings for TB and QH racehorses that had a scapular fracture in California between 1990 and 2008 were retrospectively compared between breeds. Horse signalment, career earnings, career starts and race characteristics were obtained for all California racehorses. Comparisons were made between affected horses, other racehorses that died, and all horses that raced, in California during the 19 year period.Results:Seventy‐three TB and 28 QH racehorses had a similar, complete comminuted scapular fracture with an articular component, and right forelimb predilection. The QHs had a higher incidence of scapular fracture incurred during racing than TBs (0.98 vs. 0.39/1000 starters). The TB and QH incident rates for musculoskeletal deaths incurred racing were 20.5 and 17.5/1000 starters, respectively; however, a greater proportion of TB musculoskeletal deaths occurred training (40% vs. 8%). Horses with a scapular fracture were more likely to be male and aged 2 or ≥5 years than the racetrack population. Most affected QHs (64%) were 2‐year‐olds; most TBs (74%) were aged ≥3 years. Scapular fractures occurred more commonly during racing in QHs (70%) than TBs (44%). Race‐related scapular fracture was more likely to occur in a Maiden race than in a non‐Maiden race. Horses with a scapular fracture had fewer career starts than the racetrack population.Conclusions and potential relevance:Despite breed differences for signalment and exercise distances, both breeds incur a complete scapular fracture that is more likely to occur in the right scapula of young and older, male racehorses, early in their race career or after few races. Quarter Horses sustain a catastrophic scapular fracture more frequently than TBs.
Perpetrator programmes for partner violence: Are they based on ideology or evidence?
Authors: Dixon Louise , Archer John , Graham‐Kevan Nicola 
Published: September 2011

Purpose. The ideologically based view of intimate partner violence has traditionally influenced policy and practice in modern western nations and dominated cross‐national research and practice. This review considers the validity of the position statement of a British organization responsible for accrediting many male perpetrator programmes in the statutory, voluntary, and private sector as an example of this ideological influence.Method. The position statement, informed by the patriarchal view of partner violence, is evaluated using empirical evidence from various branches of the social sciences, including psychology, that have not been guided by the patriarchal view.Results. Overwhelming empirical evidence is presented, which refutes ideologically driven assumptions that have been put forward to guide current practice and evaluation of it.Conclusions. This review highlights the need to investigate intimate partner violence from a scientific and gender‐inclusive perspective. The implications for psychological practice are discussed.
Cohomologie d’intersection des variétés modulaires de Siegel, suite
Authors: Morel Sophie 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn this work, we study the intersection cohomology of Siegel modular varieties. The goal is to express the trace of a Hecke operator composed with a power of the Frobenius endomorphism (at a good place) on this cohomology in terms of the geometric side of Arthur’s invariant trace formula for well-chosen test functions. Our main tools are the results of Kottwitz about the contribution of the cohomology with compact support and about the stabilization of the trace formula, Arthur’s L2 trace formula and the fixed point formula of Morel [Complexes pondérés sur les compactifications de Baily–Borel. Le cas des variétés de Siegel, J. Amer. Math. Soc. 21 (2008), 23–61]. We ‘stabilize’ this last formula, i.e. express it as a sum of stable distributions on the general symplectic groups and its endoscopic groups, and obtain the formula conjectured by Kottwitz in [Shimura varieties and λ-adic representations, in Automorphic forms, Shimura varieties and L-functions, Part I, Perspectives in Mathematics, vol. 10 (Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1990), 161–209]. Applications of the results of this article have already been given by Kottwitz, assuming Arthur’s conjectures. Here, we give weaker unconditional applications in the cases of the groups GSp4 and GSp6.
Necrotic Enteritis-Derived Clostridium perfringens Strain with Three Closely Related Independently Conjugative Toxin and Antibiotic Resistance Plasmids
Authors: Bannam Trudi L. , Yan Xu-Xia , Harrison Paul F. , Seemann Torsten , Keyburn Anthony L. , Stubenrauch Christopher , Weeramantri Lakmini H. , Cheung Jackie K. , McClane Bruce A. , Boyce John D. , Moore Robert J. , Rood Julian I. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

The pathogenesis of avian necrotic enteritis involves NetB, a pore-forming toxin produced by virulent avian isolates of
Clostridium perfringens
type A. To determine the location and mobility of the
netB
structural gene, we examined a derivative of the tetracycline-resistant necrotic enteritis strain EHE-NE18, in which
netB
was insertionally inactivated by the chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol resistance gene
catP
. Both tetracycline and thiamphenicol resistance could be transferred either together or separately to a recipient strain in plate matings. The separate transconjugants could act as donors in subsequent matings, which demonstrated that the tetracycline resistance determinant and the
netB
gene were present on different conjugative elements. Large plasmids were isolated from the transconjugants and analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. Analysis of the resultant data indicated that there were actually three large conjugative plasmids present in the original strain, each with its own toxin or antibiotic resistance locus. Each plasmid contained a highly conserved 40-kb region that included plasmid replication and transfer regions that were closely related to the 47-kb conjugative tetracycline resistance plasmid pCW3 from
C. perfringens
. The plasmids were as follows: (i) a conjugative 49-kb tetracycline resistance plasmid that was very similar to pCW3, (ii) a conjugative 82-kb plasmid that contained the
netB
gene and other potential virulence genes, and (iii) a 70-kb plasmid that carried the
cpb2
gene, which encodes a different pore-forming toxin, beta2 toxin.

IMPORTANCE
The anaerobic bacterium
Clostridium perfringens
can cause an avian gastrointestinal disease known as necrotic enteritis. Disease pathogenesis is not well understood, although the plasmid-encoded pore-forming toxin NetB, is an important virulence factor. In this work, we have shown that the plasmid that carries the
netB
gene is conjugative and has a 40-kb region that is very similar to replication and transfer regions found within each of the sequenced conjugative plasmids from
C. perfringens
. We also showed that this strain contained two additional large plasmids that were also conjugative and carried a similar 40-kb region. One of these plasmids encoded beta2 toxin, and the other encoded tetracycline resistance. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a bacterial strain that carries three closely related but different independently conjugative plasmids. These results have significant implications for our understanding of the transmission of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes in pathogenic bacteria.
Initial experience with a combined multidetector CT and biplane digital subtraction angiography suite with a single interactive table for the diagnosis and treatment of neurovascular disease
Authors: Gemmete Joseph J , Chaudhary Neeraj , Pandey Aditya S , Oweis Yaseen , Thompson B Greg , Maher Cormac O , Gandhi Dheeraj , Ansari Sameer A 
Published: September 2011

BackgroundA combined imaging suite is useful in the diagnosis and treatment of vascular disease involving the head and neck. This study demonstrates the utility of a multidetector row CT and biplane digital subtraction angiography (DSA) system (hybrid suite) with a single interactive table for the evaluation and treatment of neurovascular disease.Methods30 patients were studied utilizing the hybrid suite. Direct intra-arterial and selective intravenous injection of contrast with CT imaging (IA-CTA and IV-CTV) was performed in nine vascular tumors, three intracranial arteriovenous malformations, four spinal vascular lesions, one aneurysm and two inferior petrosal sinus sampling cases. Angiography with CT perfusion (CTP) imaging was obtained in five temporary balloon occlusion tests, two ischemic stroke and two vasospasm cases. A CT scan of the head was obtained in two cases during aneurysm coiling. The value of the IA-CTA and IV-CTV images compared with conventional CT and MRI images was qualitatively assessed.ResultsAll studies were technically successful with no complications. IA-CTA and IV-CTV were useful in the diagnosis and treatment of vascular disease. All IA-CTA and IV-CTV images were qualitatively graded as superior to conventional imaging. CTP imaging provided information about the penumbra and area of infarction in five temporary balloon test occlusions, two ischemic stroke and two vasospasm cases. A CT scan of the head provided timely information in two aneurysm coiling cases. The hybrid suite allowed angiography and CT scanning to be performed immediately without patient transfer.ConclusionThis hybrid suite improves the diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities of treating a multitude of neurovascular diseases.
Effectiveness of testing for genetic susceptibility to smoking-related diseases on smoking cessation outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Smerecnik Chris , Grispen Janaica E J , Quaak Marieke 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveTo examine whether genetic testing for smoking-related diseases benefits smoking cessation.Data sourcesPubMed, EMBASE, ERIC, PsycINFO, PsychArticles, CiNAHL and socINDEX databases, the search engine Google Scholar, and key-author and reference list searches.Study selectionRandomised controlled smoking cessation interventions using genetic testing for smoking-related diseases.Data extractionConsistent with the Cochrane guidelines, two reviewers completed the review process (initial n=139) in three phases, title selection (n=56), abstract selection (n=28) and whole paper selection (n=9). From these nine studies, each reviewer extracted information about outcome measures and statistical and methodological quality.Data synthesisRelevant data were abstracted from included papers and were subsequently subjected to meta-analysis.ResultsInterest in genetic testing was relatively high with 60-80% of smokers reporting to be interested. The authors observed positive short-term effects on risk perception, motivation to quit smoking and smoking cessation, but these effects fade at longer follow-ups. Importantly, the authors did not find any evidence of adverse effect of testing negative on the risk-predisposing gene.ConclusionsThis systematic review does not provide solid evidence for the proposed beneficial effects of genetic testing for smoking-related diseases on smoking cessation, but does suggest the presence of an immediate motivational effect, such that genetic testing resulted in higher risk perception and more motivation to quit smoking.
Theoretical calculation of the low-lying quartet states of the CrF molecule
Authors: Hamdan A. , Korek M. 
Published: September 2011

The potential energy curves have been investigated for the 11 lowest quartet electronic states in the 2s+1Λ± representation below 28 000 cm–1 of the molecule CrF via CASSCF and MRCI (single and double excitations with Davidson correction) calculations. Eight electronic states have been studied theoretically for the first time. The harmonic frequency ωe, the internuclear distance re, the rotational constant Be, the electronic energy with respect to the ground state Te, and the permanent dipole moment μ have been calculated. By using the canonical functions approach, the eigenvalues Ev, the rotational constant Bv, and the abscissas of the turning points rmin and rmax have been calculated for electronic states up to the vibrational level v = 38. The comparison of these values to the theoretical results available in the literature shows a very good agreement.
Reduced miR-128 in Breast Tumor–Initiating Cells Induces Chemotherapeutic Resistance via Bmi-1 and ABCC5
Authors: Zhu Yinghua , Yu Fengyan , Jiao Yu , Feng Juan , Tang Wei , Yao Herui , Gong Chang , Chen Jianing , Su Fengxi , Zhang Yan , Song Erwei 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Purpose: Tumor-initiating cells are resistant to chemotherapy, but how microRNAs play a role in regulating drug resistance of breast tumor–initiating cells (BT-IC) needs to be clarified.
Experimental Design: Lentivirus-mediated miR-128 transduction was done in BT-ICs, enriched by mammosphere cultures or CD44+CD24− fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Apoptosis and DNA damage were determined upon treatment with doxorubicin. Expression of miR-128 in breast cancer tissues was examined by in situ hybridization and correlated with breast tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and patient survival.
Results: MiR-128 was significantly reduced in chemoresistant BT-ICs enriched from breast cancer cell lines and primary breast tumors (P &lt; 0.01), accompanied by an overexpression of Bmi-1 and ABCC5, which were identified as targets of miR-128. Ectopic expression of miR-128 reduced the protein levels of Bmi-1 and ABCC5 in BT-ICs, along with decreased cell viability (P &lt; 0.001) and increased apoptosis (P &lt; 0.001) and DNA damage (P &lt; 0.001) in the presence of doxorubicin. Reduced miR-128 expression in breast tumor tissues was associated with chemotherapeutic resistance (P &lt; 0.001) and poor survival of breast cancer patients (P &lt; 0.05; n = 57).
Conclusions: Reduction in miR-128 leading to Bmi-1 and ABCC5 overexpression is a stem cell–like feature of BT-ICs, which contributes to chemotherapeutic resistance in breast cancers. Ectopic expression of miR-128 sensitizes BT-ICs to the proapoptotic and DNA-damaging effects of doxorubicin, indicating therapeutic potential. Clin Cancer Res; 17(22); 7105–15. ©2011 AACR.
Differential Expression of Uridine Phosphorylase in Tumors Contributes to an Improved Fluoropyrimidine Therapeutic Activity
Authors: Cao Deliang , Ziemba Amy , McCabe James , Yan Ruilan , Wan Laxiang , Kim Bradford , Gach Michael , Flynn Stuart , Pizzorno Giuseppe 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Abrogation of uridine phosphorylase (UPase) leads to abnormalities in pyrimidine metabolism and host protection against 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) toxicity. We elucidated the effects on the metabolism and antitumor efficacy of 5-FU and capecitabine (N4-pentyloxycarbonyl-5′-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine) in our UPase knockout (UPase−/−) model. Treatment with 5-FU (85 mg/kg) or capecitabine (1,000 mg/kg) five days a week for four weeks caused severe toxicity and structural damage to the intestines of wild-type (WT) mice, but not in UPase−/− animals. Capecitabine treatment resulted in a 70% decrease in blood cell counts of WT animals, with only a marginal effect in UPase−/− mice. UPase expressing colon 38 tumors implanted in UPase−/− mice revealed an improved therapeutic efficacy when treated with 5-FU and capecitabine because of the higher maximum tolerated dose for fluoropyrimidines achievable in UPase−/− mice. 19F-MRS evaluation of capecitabine metabolism in tumors revealed similar activation of the prodrug in UPase−/− mice compared with WT. In WT mice, approximately 60% of capecitabine was transformed over three hours into its active metabolites, whereas 80% was transformed in tumors implanted in UPase−/− mice. In UPase−/− mice, prolonged retention of 5′dFUR allowed a proportional increase in tumor tissue. The similar presence of fluorinated catabolic species confirms that dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity was not altered in UPase−/− mice. Overall, these results indicate the importance of UPase in the activation of fluoropyrimidines, the effect of uridine in protecting normal tissues, and the role for tumor-specific modulation of the phosphorolytic activity in 5-FU or capecitabine-based chemotherapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 10(12); 2330–9. ©2011 AACR.
Cancer Cell Dependence on Unsaturated Fatty Acids Implicates Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase as a Target for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Roongta Urvashi V. , Pabalan Jonathan G. , Wang Xinyu , Ryseck Rolf-Peter , Fargnoli Joseph , Henley Benjamin J. , Yang Wen-Pin , Zhu Jun , Madireddi Malavi T. , Lawrence R. Michael , Wong Tai W. , Rupnow Brent A. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Emerging literature suggests that metabolic pathways play an important role in the maintenance and progression of human cancers. In particular, recent studies have implicated lipid biosynthesis and desaturation as a requirement for tumor cell survival. In the studies reported here, we aimed to understand whether tumor cells require the activity of either human isoform of stearoyl-CoA-desaturase (SCD1 or SCD5) for survival. Inhibition of SCD1 by siRNA or a small molecule antagonist results in strong induction of apoptosis and growth inhibition, when tumor cells are cultured in reduced (2%) serum conditions, but has little impact on cells cultured in 10% serum. Depletion of SCD5 had minimal effects on cell growth or apoptosis. Consistent with the observed dependence on SCD1, but not SCD5, levels of SCD1 protein increased in response to decreasing serum levels. Both induction of SCD1 protein and sensitivity to growth inhibition by SCD1 inhibition could be reversed by supplementing growth media with unsaturated fatty acids, the product of the enzymatic reaction catalyzed by SCD1. Transcription profiling of cells treated with an SCD inhibitor revealed strong induction of markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Underscoring its importance in cancer, SCD1 protein was found to be highly expressed in a large percentage of human cancer specimens. SCD inhibition resulted in tumor growth delay in a human gastric cancer xenograft model. Altogether, these results suggest that desaturated fatty acids are required for tumor cell survival and that SCD may represent a viable target for the development of novel agents for cancer therapy. Mol Cancer Res; 9(11); 1551–61. ©2011 AACR.
Performance of a Colorectal Cancer Screening Protocol in an Economically and Medically Underserved Population
Authors: Cai Shan-Rong , Zhang Su-Zhan , Zhu Hong-Hong , Huang Yan-Qin , Li Qi-Rong , Ma Xin-Yuan , Yao Kai-Yan , Zheng Shu 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The performance of combining fecal immunochemical tests (FITs) and a high-risk factor questionnaire (HRFQ) in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in economically and medically underserved populations is uncertain. This study investigated the performance of a CRC screening protocol of combining FITs and an HRFQ as primary screening methods in a rural Chinese population. A CRC mass screening was conducted using FITs and an HRFQ as the first and colonoscopy as the second stage of screening in Jiashan, 2007–2009. The target population was 31,963 residents in three communities. The compliance was 84.7% for HRFQ, 76.4% for FITs, and 78.7% for colonoscopy. The detected rates of cancer, adenoma, nonadenomatous polyps, and advanced neoplasm were 2.7%, 14.8%, 5.9%, and 8.9% by FITs, which were higher than those by HRFQ (0.5%, 9.2%, 4.8%, and 3.8%, respectively). There was no significant difference in detected rate for nonadenomatous polyps between FITs and HRFQ. A total of 41.2% adenomas, 53.2% nonadenomatous polyps, and 29.8% advanced neoplasms were detected by HRFQ but missed by FITs. Positive predictive value of the screening protocol of combining FITs and HRFQ for advanced neoplasm was 5.7%, which was higher than FITs alone. Men had a higher prevalence of advanced neoplasm than women. Results indicate that combining FITs and HRFQ as primary screening methods is an efficient CRC screening strategy in economically and medically underserved populations. Cancer Prev Res; 4(10); 1572–9. ©2011 AACR.
Ranolazine Injection Into Coronary or Femoral Arteries Exerts Marked, Transient Regional Vasodilation Without Systemic Hypotension in an Intact Porcine Model
Authors: Nieminen Tuomo , Tavares Caio A.M. , Pegler José R.M. , Belardinelli Luiz , Verrier Richard L. 
Published: September 2011

Background—
We examined whether intracoronary or intrafemoral administration of ranolazine produces local vasodilation.

Methods and Results—

Effects of intra-arterial ranolazine on coronary and femoral artery vasodilation and systemic hemodynamic function were studied in anesthetized pigs (n=27). Ranolazine, nitroglycerin, or saline (control) was injected into the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery or femoral artery (2-mL bolus in 10 seconds). Pretreatment with prazosin (300 μg/kg IV) allowed determination of α
1
-adrenergic receptor involvement (n=8). Rapid intracoronary administration of ranolazine (0.048 mg/kg) to achieve high local concentrations resulted in 91±11% increase in LAD coronary artery flow and 39±7% reduction in coronary vascular resistance (both,
P
<0.0001). This effect lasted 2–3 minutes without change in heart rate or rate-pressure product. Mean arterial pressure decreased marginally (by 2±1 mm Hg,
P
=0.01). Maximum systemic plasma concentration (0.93±0.29 μmol/L) remained in subtherapeutic range. Pretreatment with prazosin abolished these effects. Intracoronary nitroglycerin (100 μg) increased LAD coronary artery flow by 112±25% (
P
=0.02), but the effect lasted <2 minutes; mean arterial pressure decreased by 4±1 mm Hg (
P
=0.01). Intrafemoral injection of ranolazine (0.24 mg/kg, ie, one-tenth of the systemic bolus) resulted in a 70±19% increase in femoral artery flow (
P
=0.05) and 26±5% reduction in femoral artery resistance (
P
=0.004). At 2 minutes after the injection, the femoral flow remained 16±9% above the baseline and dilatory effects occurred without tolerance to repeated injections.

Conclusions—

Intracoronary or intrafemoral ranolazine bolus exerts a marked, 2- to 3-minute dilatory effect that is comparable to nitroglycerin in magnitude but more persistent, attributable primarily to α
1
-adrenergic blockade.