bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Adsorption Behavior of Functional Particles Modified by Polyvinylimidazole for Cu(II) Ion
Authors: Wang Ruixin , Men Jiying , Gao Baojiao 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this paper, a novel composite material the silica grafted by poly(N‐vinyl imidazole) (PVI), i.e., PVI/SiO2, was prepared using 3‐methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (MPS) as intermedia through the “grafting from” method. The adsorption behavior of metal ions by PVI/SiO2 was researched by both static and dynamic methods. Experimental results showed that PVI/SiO2 possessed very strong adsorption ability for metal ions. For different metal ions, PVI/SiO2 exhibited different adsorption abilities with the following order of adsorption capacity: Cu2+ > Cd2+ > Zn2+. The adsorption material PVI/SiO2 was especially good at adsorbing Cu(II) ion and the saturated adsorption capacity could reach up to 49.2 mg/g. The empirical Freundlich isotherm was found to describe well the equilibrium adsorption data. Higher temperatures facilitated the adsorption process and thus increased the adsorption capacity. The pH and grafting amount of PVI had great influence on the adsorption amount. In addition, PVI/SiO2 particles had excellent eluting and regenerating property using diluted hydrochloric acid solution as eluent. The adsorption ability trended to steady during 10 cycles.
Modeling of the Removal of Arsenic Species from Simulated Groundwater Containing As, Fe, and Mn: A Neural Network Based Approach
Authors: Mondal Prasenjit , Mohanty Bikash , Balomajumder Chandrajit , Saraswati Samir 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe present paper deals with the modeling of the removal of total arsenic As(T), trivalent arsenic As(III), and pentavalent arsenic As(V) from synthetic solutions containing total arsenic (0.167–2.0 mg/L), Fe (0.9–2.7 mg/L), and Mn (0.2–0.6 mg/L) in a batch reactor using Fe impregnated granular activated charcoal (GAC‐Fe). Mass ratio of As(III) and As(V) in the solution was 1:1. Multi‐layer neural network (MLNN) has been used and full factorial design technique has been applied for the selection of input data set. The developed models are able to predict the adsorption of arsenic species with an error limit of −0.3 to +1.7%. Combination of MLNN with design of experiment has been able to generalize the MLNN with less number of experimental points.
Effects of Operational Parameters on Decolorization of C. I. Acid Red 88 by UV/H2O2 Process: Evaluation of Electrical Energy Consumption
Authors: Modirshahla Nasser , Behnajady Mohammad A. , Rahbarfam Rajab , Hassani Aydin 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn the present study, effects of operational parameters on the electrical energy consumption for photooxidative process (UV/H2O2) for the decolorization of C. I. Acid Red 88 (AR88) have been investigated. In a series of experiments, 20 mg L−1 of AR88 solution were irradiated in the presence of different concentrations of H2O2 (to find out optimum amount of H2O2) by UV light intensity of 30 W m−2 for certain irradiation times. The decolorization of the dye followed pseudo first‐order kinetics, and hence, the figure‐of‐merit electrical energy per order (EEO) is appropriate for estimating the electrical energy efficiency. The electrical energy consumption was determined during the variation of some parameters such as initial H2O2 concentration, initial dye concentration, UV light intensity, pH, and the gap size of solution. Results showed that electrical energy could be reduced by optimizing operational parameters.
Survival disparities by Medicaid status
Authors: Koroukian Siran M. , Bakaki Paul M. , Raghavan Derek 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:A study was undertaken to compare survival and 5‐year mortality by Medicaid status in adults diagnosed with 8 select cancers.METHODS:Linking records from the Ohio Cancer Incidence Surveillance System (OCISS) with Ohio Medicaid enrollment data, the authors identified Medicaid and non‐Medicaid patients aged 15 to 54 years and diagnosed with the following incident cancers in the years 1996‐2002: cancer of the testis; Hodgkin and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma; early stage melanoma, colon, lung, and bladder cancer; and pediatric malignancies (n = 12,703). Medicaid beneficiaries were placed in the pre‐diagnosis group if they were enrolled in Medicaid at least 3 months before cancer diagnosis, and in the peri/post‐diagnosis group if they enrolled in Medicaid upon or after being diagnosed with cancer. The authors also linked the OCISS with death certificates and data from the US Census. By using Cox and logistic regression analysis, they examined the association between Medicaid status and survival and 5‐year mortality, respectively, after adjusting for patient covariates.RESULTS:Nearly 11% of the study population were Medicaid beneficiaries. Of those, 45% were classified in the peri/post‐diagnosis group. Consistent with higher mortality, findings from the Cox regression model indicated that compared with non‐Medicaid, patients in the Medicaid pre‐diagnosis and peri/post‐diagnosis groups experienced unfavorable survival outcomes (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 1.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27‐1.82 and AHR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.70‐2.38, respectively).CONCLUSIONS:Medicaid status was associated with unfavorable survival, even after adjusting for confounders. The findings reflect the vulnerability of Medicaid beneficiaries and possible inadequacies in the process of care. Cancer 2012. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Menzerath's law at the gene‐exon level in the human genome
Authors: Li Wentian 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA previous discussion of a linguistic law called Menzerath's law (the longer a word, the shorter the syllables) in the genomic context was focused on the genome‐chromosome‐base level (the more number of chromosomes in a genome, the smaller the chromosome size). We apply this linguistic metaphor to more appropriate levels of gene, exon, and base. Using the human gene data, we found that the Menzerath's law at these levels holds true: the more number of exons in a gene, the shorted the averaged exon size. Since this negative correlation can be a trivial consequence of the constant size of the messenger RNA coded by the gene, we also exclude this possibility by showing that messenger RNA size increases with the number of exons. This increase of messenger RNA size is however not fast enough for genes with large number of exons to maintain a constant exon size. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2011.
T‐maze learning in weanling lambs
Authors: Johnson Timothy B. , Stanton Mark E. , Goodlett Charles R. , Cudd Timothy A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA major advantage of sheep models in experimental studies of neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., with prenatal neurotoxicant exposure) is that the equivalent of all three trimesters of human brain development occurs in sheep entirely in utero. However, studies of learning and memory in sheep are limited. The goal of this study was to extend the analysis of spatial learning and memory in adolescent sheep using several traditional T‐maze tasks. Both 9‐ and 14‐week‐old lambs acquired a delayed nonmatching‐to‐place task, but the older lambs learned the task significantly faster. In contrast, acquisition of a matching‐to‐place task was significantly more difficult. Lambs, like rodents, appear to have a predisposition toward learning “win‐shift” spatial problems in a T‐maze under appetitive motivation. Lambs also rapidly acquired a position habit and showed typical reversal learning curves. These findings support the use of T‐maze tasks to assess behavioral outcomes in various sheep models. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals,Inc. Dev Psychobiol 54: 785–797, 2012
Signaling the unconditioned stimulus during the preexposure phase does not attenuate the unconditioned stimulus preexposure effect in preweanling rats
Authors: Castello Stefania , Bobbio Antonella , Orellana Estefania , Arias Carlos 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe unconditioned stimulus preexposure effect (US‐PE) is defined as an attenuation of the conditioned response after preexposure to the US prior to conditioning. Evidence exists that this effect can be weakened or eliminated by the presence of a signal predicting the US during the preexposure phase. This evidence has been found consistently across a variety of procedures in adult rats. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether, in infant rats, signaling the US (LiCl) during preexposure with a salient cue (almond odor) attenuates the US‐PE. During the preexposure phase, preweanling rats received three (Experiment 1) or one (Experiment 2) preexposures to LiCl, preceded by exposure to almond odor. Appropriate control groups were also included in these experiments. After preexposure, two conditioning trials were carried out in which subjects were given LiCl after saccharin consumption. During preexposure, three (Experiment 1a), although not one (Experiment 2a), contingent exposures to almond odor and LiCl resulted in a strong odor aversion. Extinction of the learned taste aversion was facilitated by prior experience with LiCl (Experiments 1b and 2b). This effect was observed regardless of whether or not LiCl was signaled by the almond odor. These results do not coincide with the associative hypotheses proposed to explain the US‐PE, nor are they concurrent with alternative explanations based on the learned helplessness phenomenon. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals,Inc. Dev Psychobiol 54: 808–817, 2012
Stereoselective Synthesis of Tetrahydropyrans through Tandem and Organocatalytic Oxa‐Michael Reactions: Synthesis of the Tetrahydropyran Cores of ent‐(+)‐Sorangicin A
Authors: Lee Kiyoun , Kim Hyoungsu , Hong Jiyong 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTandem and organocatalytic oxa‐Michael reactions of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes were explored for the stereoselective synthesis of structurally complex tetrahydropyrans. Thestereoselective synthesis of 2,6‐trans‐tetrahydropyrans, which are thermodynamically unfavorable, was accomplished through a reagent‐controlled, organocatalytic oxa‐Michael reaction. A temperature‐dependent configurational switch allowed the preparation of both 2,3‐trans‐2,6‐trans‐ and 2,3‐cis‐2,6‐cis‐tetrahydropyrans from a common substrate. This switch was then used to synthesize the precursors of the C21–C29 and C30–C37 fragments of ent‐(+)‐sorangicin A.
Promiscuous Behavior of Rhizomucor miehei Lipase in the Synthesis of N‐Substituted β‐Amino Esters
Authors: Monsalve Leandro N. , Gillanders Florencia , Baldessari Alicia 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA mild and efficient procedure for the aza‐Michael addition of amines to acrylates by using lipases as catalysts is reported. Various lipases, mono‐ and bifunctional amines, alkyl acrylates, and reaction parameters were studied. Under the optimal conditions, Rhizomucor miehei lipase showed high selectivity. It catalyzed the formation of the Michael monoadduct as the only product in high yield and purity. Moreover, when diamines were used as nucleophiles, the lipase catalyzed the addition of only one of the two amino groups, showing in this case high substrate specificity. This promiscuous and highly selective behavior displayed by Rhizomucor miehei lipase allowed us to obtain 22 N‐substituted β‐amino esters, 15 of them being new products.
Recent advances in amino acid analysis by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Poinsot Véréna , Carpéné Marie‐Anne , Bouajila Jalloul , Gavard Pierre , Feurer Bernard , Couderc François 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis paper describes the most important articles that have been published on amino acid analysis using CE during the period from June 2009 to May 2011 and follows the format of the previous articles of Smith (Electrophoresis 1999, 20, 3078–3083), Prata et al. (Electrophoresis 2001, 22, 4129–4138) and Poinsot et al. (Electrophoresis 2003, 24, 4047–4062; Electrophoresis 2006, 27, 176–194; Electrophoresis 2008, 29, 207–223; Electrophoresis 2010, 31, 105–121). We present new developments in amino acid analysis with CE, which are reported describing the use of lasers or light emitting diodes for fluorescence detection, conductimetry electrochemiluminescence detectors, mass spectrometry applications, and lab‐on‐a‐chip applications using CE. In addition, we describe articles concerning clinical studies and neurochemical applications of these techniques.
Prognostic significance of lymph node station 7 for patients with gastric cancers underwent radical surgery
Authors: Tong Jian‐hua , Sun Zhe , Zhu Zhi , Wang Zhen‐ning , Xu Ying‐ying , Huang Bao‐jun , Xu Yan , Xu Hui‐mian 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the validity of gastric cancers with nodes metastasis at Level II stations limited to No. 7 being classified as level‐based n1 stage disease and the impact of this revision on lymph node staging.MethodsClinicopathologic features and prognosis of 1,606 node positive gastric cancers were retrospectively reviewed. Four patient groups were classified according to the status of node involvement: Group A, 734 patients with node metastasis at Level I stations; Group B, 317 patients with nodes metastasis at Level II stations limited to No. 7; Group C, 501 patients with nodes metastasis at Level II stations besides No. 7; and Group D, 54 patients with nodes metastasis at Level III stations.ResultsAlthough the extent of node metastasis for patients in Group B was more severe than that for patients in Group A, clinicopathologic features (especially pT stage) were not significantly different. Although overall survival for patients in Group B was significantly worse than that for patients in Group A, no significant differences in prognosis could be observed when stratified by pN or rN category. A revised level‐based n category was established by considering cancers in Group B as level‐based n1 stage disease. Multivariate analysis confirmed rN category and the revised level‐based n category independently predicted patients' survival. A novel N category was established by combining rN category and the revised level‐based n category. Further analysis revealed the novel N category had better homogeneity, discriminatory ability, and monotonicity of gradients than the other node categories, indicating the novel N system might be the most valuable node staging system for prognostic assessment.ConclusionIt might be more suitable for cancers in Group B being classified as level‐based n1 stage disease. And we recommend the anatomical location of metastatic lymph nodes also being considered in the categorization of lymph node metastasis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:805–812. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Primary excision compared with re‐excision of extremity soft tissue sarcomas—is anything new?
Authors: Alamanda Vignesh K. , Crosby Samuel N. , Archer Kristin R. , Song Yanna , Schwartz Herbert S. , Holt Ginger E. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundSoft tissue sarcomas (STS) are rare and are commonly excised outside of a sarcoma center without appropriate preoperative planning. Studies have shown varying results in survival and outcome when comparing patients undergoing re‐excision to patients undergoing a single, planned excision.MethodsThis retrospective study evaluated 278 patients treated for STS of the extremities between January 2000 and July 2006. One hundred seventy‐two patients had a primary excision while 106 patients had a sarcoma re‐excised. Survival curves for disease‐free survival, metastasis‐free survival, and local recurrence‐free survival were calculated using competing risk analysis for both groups.ResultsAfter adjusting for high‐risk variables, our results indicate that re‐excision is a proxy for smaller, low‐grade tumors which tend to have a better survival profile. Death due to sarcoma and distant metastases were correlated with high‐grade and large tumors. The presence of positive microscopic margins was the strongest predictor of local recurrence (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThere were no differences in death, metastases, or local recurrence between the two groups after adjusting for high‐risk variables. Survival advantages previously reported with STS re‐excision serve as proxy for tumors that have a better survival profile. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:662–667. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Primary surgical treatment of T2 oropharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Psychogios Georgios , Mantsopoulos Konstantinos , Kuenzel Julian , Koch Michael , Zenk Johannes , Harreus Uli , Waldfahrer Frank , Iro Heinrich 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal management of oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC) is not yet proven. The aim of this study is to analyze the outcome of primary surgical management of T2 cancers of the oropharynx.MethodsAll patients treated with primary surgery for pT2 OPCs between 1984 and 2005 were evaluated retrospectively. Two hundred and twenty eight cases were assessed for disease‐specific survival (DSS) as well as local control (LC) estimates, with respect to tumor location, surgical technique, status of surgical margins, N classification, and adjuvant therapy. Cases were also evaluated for major complications and functional results.ResultsDSS was 73.2% and LC 88.9%. Carcinoma of the tonsils showed a significantly better DSS than lesions of the base of the tongue (DSS = 76.3 vs. 60.2%, P = 0.02). DSS estimates in patients with pN0–1 classification were significantly better in comparison with pN2–3 (83.6 vs. 64.5%, P = 0.018). Patients who were given adjuvant treatment had a better prognosis. The incidence of occult neck metastases was 17% and complications rate 12.7%.ConclusionsPrimary surgical treatment of T2 OPC proved to be an effective treatment modality with a low rate of complications and satisfactory functional results. Complete tumor excision is essential and a neck dissection is justified. Most patients need adjuvant radiotherapy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:719–723. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simultaneous quantification of five marker compounds of Betula utilis stem bark using a validated high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography method
Authors: Khan Imran , Sangwan Payare L. , Dhar Jagdish K. , Koul Surrinder 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA sensitive, selective and robust densitometric high‐performance thin‐layer chromatographic method was developed and validated for five marker compounds, namely betulin, lupeol, oleanolic acid, 3‐acetyloleanolic acid and β‐sitosterol, known for their various therapeutic activities. The marker compounds have been isolated from the stem bark of Betula utilis, well characterized by the spectral analysis, and their simultaneous quantitative determination carried out by high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography (HPTLC) method. The resolution of marker compounds was carried out on silica‐gel 60 plates, using n‐hexane:ethyl acetate (8:2 v/v) as the mobile phase. The HPTLC densitometry was performed at 500‐nm wavelength after the post chromatographic derivatization with ceric ammonium sulfate reagent. The optimized method provided good linear relation (r>0.9960) for all the investigated analytes. The method is simple, and reproducible, which may be applied for quantitative analysis of the above‐mentioned marker compounds.
Simple preparative gas chromatographic method for isolation of menthol and menthone from peppermint oil, with quantitative GC‐MS and 1H NMR assay
Authors: Park Hae Eun , Yang Seung‐Ok , Hyun Sun‐Hee , Park Shin Jung , Choi Hyung‐Kyoon , Marriott Philip J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe quantitative performance of a simple home‐built preparative gas chromatography (prep‐GC) arrangement was tested, incorporating a micro‐fluidic Deans switch, with collection of the target compound in a deactivated uncoated capillary tube. Repeat injections of a standard solution and peppermint sample were made into the prep‐GC instrument. Individual compounds were eluted from the trapping capillary, and made up to constant volume. Chloronaphthalene internal standard was added in some cases. Recovered samples were quantitatively assayed by using GC‐MS. Calibration linearity of GC‐MS for menthol standard area response against number of injections (2–20 repeat injections) was excellent, giving R2 of 0.996. For peppermint, menthol correlation over 2–20 repeated injections was 0.998 for menthol area ratio (versus IS) data. Menthone calibration for peppermint gave an R2 of 0.972. 1H NMR spectroscopy was conducted on both menthol and menthone. Good correspondence with reference spectra was obtained. About 80 μg of isolated menthol and menthone solute was collected over a sequence of 80 repeat injections from the peppermint sample, as assayed by 600 MHz 1H NMR analysis (∼100% recovery for menthol from peppermint). A procedure is proposed for prediction of number of injections required to acquire sufficient material for NMR detection.
Electron‐Induced Reactive Processing of Poly(propylene)/Ethylene–Octene Copolymer Blends: A Novel Route to Prepare Thermoplastic Vulcanizates
Authors: Rajeshbabu Ramanujam , Gohs Uwe , Naskar Kinsuk , Mondal Manas , Wagenknecht Udo , Heinrich Gert 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTPVs are prepared by dynamic vulcanization in which crosslinking of an elastomeric polymer takes place during its melt mixing with a thermoplastic polymer under high‐shear conditions. 30:70 wt% blends of PP and ethylene–octene copolymer are vulcanized using electron‐induced reactive processing (EIReP) employing a range of absorbed doses (25, 50, and 100 kGy) while keeping the electron energy and treatment time fixed. The structure/property relationships of the prepared samples are studied using various characterization techniques such as DMA, DSC, SEM, and melt rheology. The results suggest that EIReP offers a novel route to prepare TPVs without any chemical crosslinking and coupling agents.magnified image
Silica Transfer in Ternary Rubber Blends: Calculation and Experimental Determination
Authors: Le Hai Hong , Oßwald Katja , Ilisch Sybill , Pham Tung , Stöckelhuber Klaus Werner , Heinrich Gert , Radusch Hans‐Joachim 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA novel model is presented for predicting the phase selective filler localization in an equilibrium state for ternary rubber blends of SBR, NBR, and NR. It is based on surface tension data of the rubber components and the filler. Phase‐selective filler localization in ternary rubber blends is determined experimentally by means of FTIR spectroscopy on the basis of the wetting concept. It is found that by preparation of ternary blends with certain silica loadings, pre‐mixed in each blend phase using the masterbatch technology, silica transfer processes between blend phases take place until the equilibrium filler distribution is reached. The sequence of the silica transfer processes can be explained by taking into consideration the formation of a phase‐in‐phase morphology of the ternary blend.magnified image
Type V collagen and protein kinase C η down‐regulation in 8701‐BC breast cancer cells
Authors: Luparello Claudio , Sirchia Rosalia , Longo Alessandra 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe previously reported that ductal infiltrating carcinomas (d.i.c.) of the human breast display profound modifications of the stromal architecture, associated with anomalous collagen composition. Among the major alterations observed in the interstitial collagen, the relative increase of type V collagen content was detected. When type V collagen was used as an “in vitro” substrate for 8701‐BC d.i.c. cells, it appeared able to restrain cell growth, inhibit cell motility and invasion “in vitro”, and modify the expression levels of genes coding for apoptosis factors, caspases and stress response proteins. In the present paper we demonstrate that type V collagen induces the down‐regulation of protein kinase C η, an event that may be, at least in part, responsible of the previously‐reported modifications of cell morphology and growth rate, and that appears to be involved in the already‐observed changes of expression levels of genes encoding for anti‐ (Bcl‐2) and pro‐apoptotic factors (Bad, Dapk, Bcl‐Xs) and enzymes (caspase 5 and 8). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.