bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Could a Habitual Sleep Restriction of One-two Hours Be Detrimental to the Benefits of Resistance Training?
Authors: Borba Diego de Alcantara , Facundo Lucas Alves , Brant Valdênio Martins , Costa Carlos Magno Amaral , Guerreiro Renato de Carvalho , Narciso Fernanda Veruska , da-Silva Andressa , De-Mello Marco Túlio 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe absence or decrease in sleep time can affect different mechanisms associated with changes in body composition and physical exercise performance. However, it is unclear in the literature how chronically sleep-restricted individuals respond to strength training. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of reducing between one and two hours of recommended sleep time (7 hours) on the response to resistance training. The study included 12 subjects who slept on average 2 hours less than the recommended 7 hours per day (42 ± 8 years; 84.9 ± 11.6 kg; 27.9 ± 3.5 kg/m2; 6:17 ± 22 total sleep time/day and 5: 47 ± 29 sleep time/night) and 12 subjects with recommended sleep time (38 ± 11 years; 78.3 ± 9.5 kg; 25.1 ± 3.5 kg/m2; 7:47 ± 38 total sleep time/day and 7:16 ± 54 sleep time/night) and a control group (42 ± 7 years; 81 ± 12.2 kg; 26.2 ± 4.0 kg/m2; 7:30 ± 40 total sleep time/day and 7: 17 ± 51 sleep time/night) that did not perform resistance training. A total of 16 resistance training sessions were performed, 3 times a week (Sessions= 4 exercises; 2 sets; maximum repetitions to failure). The maximum number of repetitions, arm circumference, and arm muscle area increased, while triceps skinfold decreased after training in the experimental groups (p < 0.05), with no changes for the control group. There was no difference in muscle mass, body mass index, or sleep variables (sleep time, latency, efficiency) after the training period in either group (p> 0.05). Thus, the chronic 1–2-hour reduction in average recommended sleep time was not able to affect the positive effects of resistance training.
Classroom communications post pandemic: a case study
Authors: Abdelmonem Marwa , Karawia Sherin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis cross-sectional case study (n = 20) took place in Qatar over a 3-month period spanning from September until the end of November in 2021. It examined the impacts of a post-COVID classroom arrangement that incorporated preventive measures like social distancing and the use of face coverings. Using the case study methodology, we employed two qualitative research methods, namely non-participant observation and semi-structured interviews, to gather primary data. We also conducted an extensive literature review to identify the key themes for investigation in the field. The primary focus of our study was on proxemics (personal space and crowding), technology (Zoom), non-verbal communication, and ergonomics (lighting and acoustics). Our study uncovered new areas for future research, particularly in how proxemics change in socially distanced classrooms, affecting personal space and perceptions of crowding. Additionally, it highlighted themes in post-pandemic classroom design, emphasizing the impact of factors like seating arrangements and available amenities (e.g., pinup walls) on student engagement, especially in design-studio classrooms. The study also revealed unexpected challenges, such as issues with microphone usage due to users’ lack of familiarity with their operation. In summary, the research underscores the ongoing importance of adaptable learning methods and communication strategies, particularly in response to preventive measures like social distancing and face-covering, which have reshaped our concept of personal space and emphasized the crucial role of telecommunication in crisis resilience for communities and organizations.
Dynamic convergent shock compression initiated by return current in high-intensity laser–solid interactions
Authors: Yang Long , Rehwald Martin , Kluge Thomas , Laso Garcia Alejandro , Toncian Toma , Zeil Karl , Schramm Ulrich , Cowan Thomas E. , Huang Lingen 
Published: June 2024

We investigate the dynamics of convergent shock compression in solid cylindrical targets irradiated by an ultrafast relativistic laser pulse. Our particle-in-cell simulations and coupled hydrodynamic simulations reveal that the compression process is initiated by both magnetic pressure and surface ablation associated with a strong transient surface return current with density of the order of 1017 A/m2 and lifetime of 100 fs. The results show that the dominant compression mechanism is governed by the plasma β, i.e., the ratio of thermal pressure to magnetic pressure. For targets with small radius and low atomic number Z, the magnetic pressure is the dominant shock compression mechanism. According to a scaling law, as the target radius and Z increase, the surface ablation pressure becomes the main mechanism generating convergent shocks. Furthermore, an indirect experimental indication of shocked hydrogen compression is provided by optical shadowgraphy measurements of the evolution of the plasma expansion diameter. The results presented here provide a novel basis for the generation of extremely high pressures exceeding Gbar (100 TPa) to enable the investigation of high-pressure physics using femtosecond J-level laser pulses, offering an alternative to nanosecond kJ-laser pulse-driven and pulsed power Z-pinch compression methods.
High-performance photon number resolving detectors for 850–950 nm wavelength range
Authors: Los J. W. Niels , Sidorova Mariia , Lopez-Rodriguez Bruno , Qualm Patrick , Chang Jin , Steinhauer Stephan , Zwiller Val , Zadeh Iman Esmaeil 
Published: June 2024

Since their first demonstration in 2001 [Gol’tsman et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 705–707 (2001)], superconducting-nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) have witnessed two decades of great developments. SNSPDs are the detector of choice in most modern quantum optics experiments and are slowly finding their way into other photon-starved fields of optics. Until now, however, in nearly all experiments, SNSPDs were used as “binary” detectors, meaning that they could only distinguish between 0 and &gt;=1 photons, and photon number information was lost. Recent research has demonstrated proof-of-principle photon-number resolution (PNR) SNSPDs counting 2–5 photons. The photon-number-resolving capability is highly demanded in various quantum-optics experiments, including Hong–Ou–Mandel interference, photonic quantum computing, quantum communication, and non-Gaussian quantum state preparation. In particular, PNR detectors at the wavelength range of 850–950 nm are of great interest due to the availability of high-quality semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) [Heindel et al., Adv. Opt. Photonics 15, 613–738 (2023)] and high-performance cesium-based quantum memories [Ma et al., J. Opt. 19, 043001 (2017)]. In this paper, we demonstrate NbTiN-based SNSPDs with &gt;94% system detection efficiency, sub-11 ps timing jitter for one photon, and sub-7 ps for 2 photons. More importantly, our detectors resolve up to 7 photons using conventional cryogenic electric readout circuitry. Through theoretical analysis, we show that the PNR performance of demonstrated detectors can be further improved by enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio and bandwidth of our readout circuitry. Our results are promising for the future of optical quantum computing and quantum communication.
Primary processes of the archetypal model complex azido(porphinato)iron(III) from ultrafast vibrational–electronic spectroscopy
Authors: Flesch Stefan , Domenianni Luis I. , Vöhringer Peter 
Published: June 2024

Azidoiron complexes serve as valuable photochemical precursors for catalytically active species containing high-valent iron. In bioinorganic chemistry, azido(tetraphenylporphinato)iron(III), i.e., [FeIII(tpp)(N3)] with tpp = 5, 10, 15, 20-tetraphenylporphyrin-21, 23-diido, constitutes the archetypal model system that was used to access for the first time the terminal nitridoiron core, FeV ≡ N, in the biomimetic redox-non-innocent ligand environment. So far, the light-induced dynamics leading to the oxidation of the metal and the release of dinitrogen from the N3-ligand have only been studied for precursors featuring redox-innocent auxiliary ligands that simplify the electronic structure change accompanying the photo-transformation. Here, we monitored the primary events of the above paradigmatic complex, following its optical excitation in the ultraviolet-to-visible spectral range using femtosecond spectroscopy with probing in both the UV–vis and mid-infrared regions. Following ultrafast Soret-excitation at 400 nm, the complex relaxes to the lowest excited sextet state by a first internal conversion in less than 200 fs. The excited state then undergoes vibrational relaxation on a time scale of roughly 2 ps before internally converting yet again to recover the sextet electronic ground state within 19.5 ps. Spectroscopic evidence is obtained neither for a transient occupation of the energetically lowest metal-centered state, 41A1, nor for vibrational relaxation in the ground-state. The primary processes seen here are thus in contrast to those previously derived from ultrafast UV-pump/vis-probe and UV-pump/XANES-probe spectroscopies for the halide congener [FeIII(tpp)(Cl)]. Any photochemical transformation of the complex arises from two-photon-induced dynamics.
Broadband and polarization sensitive quasi-1D Nb2Pd3Se8 photodetector
Authors: Wang Cong , Wang Kunpeng , Wen Keyu , Zhang Libo , Liu Xue , Zhu Xiangde , Tian Mingliang , Wang Jun-Lei , Chen Xuegang 
Published: June 2024

High-performance photodetectors (PDs) find potential applications in extensive areas such as self-driving vehicles, resource monitoring, imaging, communication, etc. However, low sensitivity, slow response speed, and poor air stability have limited their application. In this work, we construct an air stable one-dimensional ternary transition metal chalcogenide Nb2Pd3Se8-based PD that has high sensitivity and fast response and is polarization-sensitive. The Nb2Pd3Se8 nanowire-based PD shows a maximum responsivity of 47 A W−1, a detectivity of 3.28 × 1011 Jones, and a response time of 50–65 µs under 520 nm laser illumination. In addition, the 1D PD shows polarization-sensitivity with a 0.47 anisotropic ratio. This performance paves way to construct robust air stable PDs with high detectivity and high responsivity using one-dimensional Nb2Pd3Se8-based nanostructures.
Direct evidence of low work function on SrVO3 cathode using thermionic electron emission microscopy and high-field ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy
Authors: Sheikh Md Sariful , Lin Lin , Jacobs Ryan , Kordesch Martin E. , Sadowski Jerzy T. , Charpentier Margaret , Morgan Dane , Booske John 
Published: June 2024

Perovskite SrVO3 has recently been proposed as a novel electron emission cathode material. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest multiple low work function surfaces, and recent experimental efforts have consistently demonstrated effective work functions of ∼2.7 eV for polycrystalline samples, both results suggesting, but not directly confirming, that some fraction of even lower work function surface is present. In this work, thermionic electron emission microscopy (ThEEM) and high-field ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) are used to study the local work function distribution and measure the work function of a partially oriented- (110)-SrVO3 perovskite oxide cathode surface. Our results show direct evidence of low work function patches of about 2.0 eV on the cathode surface, with a corresponding onset of observable thermionic emission at 750 °C. We hypothesize that, in our ThEEM and UPS experiments, the high applied electric field suppresses the patch field effect, enabling the direct measurement of local work functions. This measured work function of 2.0 eV is comparable to the previous DFT-calculated work function values of the SrVO-terminated (110) SrVO3 surface (2.3 eV) and SrO-terminated (100) surface (1.9 eV). The measured 2.0 eV value is also much lower than the work function for the (001) LaB6 single crystal cathode (∼2.7 eV) and comparable to the effective work function of B-type dispenser cathodes (∼2.1 eV). If SrVO3 thermionic emitters can be engineered to access domains of this low 2.0 eV work function, they have the potential to significantly improve thermionic emitter-based technologies.
High performance Pt-anchored MoS2 based chemiresistive ascorbic acid sensor
Authors: Biswas Arpita , Kumar Ashok , Kumar Amit , Kwoka Monika , Bassi Gaurav , Kumar Mukesh , Kumar Mahesh 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AA), known as vitamin C, is a vital bioactive compound that plays a crucial role in several metabolic processes, including the synthesis of collagen and neurotransmitters, the removal of harmful free radicals, and the uptake of iron by cells in the human intestines. As a result, there is an absolute need for a highly selective, sensitive, and economically viable sensing platform for AA detection. Herein, we demonstrate a Pt-decorated MoS2 for efficient detection of an AA biosensor. MoS2 hollow rectangular structures were synthesized using an easy and inexpensive chemical vapor deposition approach to meet the increasing need for a reliable detection platform. The synthesized MoS2 hollow rectangular structures are characterized through field effect scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy elemental mapping, Raman spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We fabricate a chemiresistive biosensor based on Pt-decorated MoS2 that measures AA with great precision and high sensitivity. The experiments were designed to evaluate the response of the Pt-decorated MoS2 biosensor in the presence and absence of AA, and selectivity was evaluated for a variety of biomolecules, and it was observed to be very selective towards AA. The Pt-MoS2 device had a higher response of 125% against 1 mM concentration of AA biomolecules, when compared to that of all other devices and 2.2 times higher than that of the pristine MoS2 device. The outcomes of this study demonstrate the efficacy of Pt-decorated MoS2 as a promising material for AA detection. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts to enhance our capabilities in monitoring and detecting AA, fostering advancements in environmental, biomedical, and industrial applications.
Spatially resolved optical emission analysis of spokes in HiPIMS utilising Al, Cr, Cu, Ti, and W targets
Authors: Hnilica J , Šlapanská M , Kroker M , Klein P , Vašina P 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Investigating spokes in high-power impulse magnetron sputtering discharge requires non-invasive diagnostic methods to characterise accurately spoke properties. A fast photodiode and a cylindrical Langmuir probe were employed to synchronise the moment of acquisition of the optical emission spectrum with the position of a passing spoke. This study provides statistical data analysis to bring insights into spoke characteristics in a non-reactive argon atmosphere, employing aluminium, chromium, copper, titanium, and tungsten targets. Utilising different target materials, the objective is to describe basic parameters such as shape, length, and propagation velocity of spokes and also analyse spoke inner parameters such as floating potential and spectral emission, under nearly identical experimental conditions. From the optical emission, the most prominent species within the spoke were determined. Additionally, the mechanism governing spoke movement was described using a phenomenological model.
Recent progress and opportunities in 2D-material quantum dots: synthesis, doping, characterization, and applications
Authors: U Masuda , Sahu Swapnasagar , Tripathi Laxmi Narayan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The quantum dots derived from the 2D material are finding their applications in sustainable and emerging technologies due to their tunable properties by quantum confinement and scalable synthesis. Elemental doping in these quantum dots can enhance the performance favourably for the desired application. It can further tune the properties of parent counterparts leading to novel and interesting properties and applications. This review demonstrates the excellence of 2D materials-based quantum dots as a material platform. We critically analyzed and present a summary of the top-down and bottom-up synthesis of 2D material-derived quantum dots. Further, the doping of quantum dots and prominent characterization techniques to identify the successful incorporation of dopants in them are presented. In the end, we comprehensively analyzed the applications of these two-dimensional derived quantum dots in energy, optoelectronic, and quantum technological applications.
Cap like trajectories in 5D chaotic tangent hyperbolic memristive model: fractional calculus and encryption
Authors: Qureshi Muhammad Ali , Alam Khan Najeeb , Raza Salman , Iqbal Sheikh Muhammad Zeeshan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This research aims to investigate the influence of model parameters and fractional order on a novel mathematical model with tangent hyperbolic memristor. This investigation conducted by applying Lyapunov exponents and bifurcation analysis. We utilize the Lyapunov exponent theory to understand and characterize these chaotic behaviors under fractional indices. The Lyapunov exponent, bifurcation, and phase diagrams have been depicted to explore the intricate dynamics of the chaotic system governed by the chaotic equation. A novel approach termed Atangana-Baleanu-Caputo (ABC) fractional derivative (FD) to generate phase portraits and gain insights into the system’s behavior. The random numbers generated by the chaotic system are employed to distort the image through an amalgamated image encryption (AIE) algorithm. Subsequently, the integrity of the scrambled image has been assessed using various image security evaluation methods to reinforce the notion that combining the chaotic system and image can constitute a valuable encryption key. Finally, the chaotic model circuit realization uses active and passive components, and the outcomes are compared with the numerical simulations.
Study of charge transport in cesium lead bromide perovskite quantum dots and PCPDTBT composites: an application to photosensitive FETs
Authors: Shukla Preeti , Kumar Pankaj , Singh Anchal Kishore , Kumar Naresh , Kumar Lokendra 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This work investigates the optical, structural, and photo-physical properties of PCPDTBT/cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) perovskite quantum dots (QDs) composite for optoelectronic devices. The composite was prepared by processing the PCPDTBT and CsPbBr3 QDs via the solution blending method. Incorporating CsPbBr3 QDs with different weight % (wt%) ratio in PCPDTBT influences its optoelectronic properties. UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), and atomic force microscopy measurements were used to analyze their optical and morphological properties. We observed that incorporating 4 wt% QDs in PCPDTBT enhanced its light absorption and charge transfer properties. Increased carrier lifetime for PCPDTBT/QDs (4 wt%) was observed from PL decay measurements. Further, we fabricated the field effect transistors (FETs) of pristine PCPDTBT and PCPDTBT/CsPbBr3 QDs composite (4 wt%) to study their electronic and charge transfer features. Significant variation in source-to-drain current (IDS) and carrier mobility has been observed. A substantial increased output current was observed for composite FET than pristine PCPDTBT-based FET due to charge transfer from QDs to PCPDTBT. Both PCPDTBT and PCPDTBT/CsPbBr3 QDs-based FET show enhanced current with illumination, which could be attributed to the photo-generated charge carriers.
Quasi-monoenergetic electron beam from LWFA: analytical approach
Authors: Starodubtseva E M , Tsymbalov I N , Gorlova D A , Ivanov K A , Savelev A B 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Analytical dependence of the energy spread of electron beam on time and injection duration has been obtained with the 1D model of the quasi-linear laser wakefield electron acceleration, presented as phase portraits of electron energy relative to the plasma wave phase. The method for producing electron beams with variable energy and a lower energy spread compared to a standard bubble-like approach by transferring to a deaccelerating part with another phase trajectory (by reducing the plasma amplitude of a wave) has been developed. The analytically obtained results successfully describe key features of the previously obtained in Tsymbalov et al (2024 arXiv:2403.19828) experimental and numerical (PIC) data.
A cross-scenario and cross-subject domain adaptation method for driving fatigue detection
Authors: Luo Yun , Liu Wei , Li Hanqi , Lu Yong , Lu Bao-Liang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective. The scarcity of electroencephalogram (EEG) data, coupled with individual and scenario variations, leads to considerable challenges in real-world EEG-based driver fatigue detection. We propose a domain adaptation method that utilizes EEG data collected from a laboratory to supplement real-world EEG data and constructs a cross-scenario and cross-subject driver fatigue detection model for real-world scenarios. Approach. First, we collect EEG data from subjects participating in a driving experiment conducted in both laboratory and real-world scenarios. To address the issue of data scarcity, we build a real-world fatigued driving detection model by integrating the real-world data with the laboratory data. Then, we propose a method named cross-scenario and cross-subject domain adaptation (CS2DA), which aims to eliminate the domain shift problem caused by individual variances and scenario differences. Adversarial learning is adopted to extract the common features observed across different subjects within the same scenario. The multikernel maximum mean discrepancy (MK-MMD) method is applied to further minimize scenario differences. Additionally, we propose a conditional MK-MMD constraint to better utilize label information. Finally, we use seven rules to fuse the predicted labels. Main results. We evaluate the CS2DA method through extensive experiments conducted on the two EEG datasets created in this work: the SEED-VLA and the SEED-VRW datasets. Different domain adaptation methods are used to construct a real-world fatigued driving detection model using data from laboratory and real-world scenarios, as well as a combination of both. Our findings show that the proposed CS2DA method outperforms the existing traditional and adversarial learning-based domain adaptation approaches. We also find that combining data from both laboratory and real-world scenarios improves the performance of the model. Significance. This study contributes two EEG-based fatigue driving datasets and demonstrates that the proposed CS2DA method can effectively enhance the performance of a real-world fatigued driving detection model.