bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social media use and its impact on adults' mental health and well‐being: A scoping review
Authors: Koh Ghee Kian , Ow Yong Jenna Qing Yun , Lee Ainsley Ryan Yan Bin , Ong Bernard Soon Yang , Yau Chun En , Ho Cyrus Su Hui , Goh Yong Shian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundSocial media use has grown in importance and prevalence, with its estimated number of users at 4.9 billion worldwide. Social media use research has revealed positive and negative impacts on users' mental health and well‐being. However, such impacts among adults have not been examined in any reviews.MethodsA scoping review was conducted based on the framework by Arksey and O'Malley and reported based on the PRISMA‐ScR guidelines. Eight databases were searched from 2005 to December 2021. Articles were included after being reviewed by three independent teams, with discrepancies resolved through consensus with the senior author. Publication‐related information (i.e., authors, year of publication, aims, study population, methodology, interventions, comparisons, outcome measures and key findings) were extracted from each study. Thematic analysis was conducted to answer the research questions.ResultsAmong the 114 eligible articles, young adults (69.6%) represented the main age group. Most studies (78.6%) focused on the negative impacts of social media use on mental health and well‐being, with nearly a third (32.1%) assessing such impacts on depression. Notably, this scoping review found that more than three‐quarters (78.6%) of the included studies revealed that excessive and passive social media use would increases depression, anxiety, mood and loneliness. Nevertheless, a third (33.0%) also reported positive impacts, where positive and purposeful use of social media contributes to improvements in mental health and well‐being, such as increased perceived social support and enjoyment.Linking Evidence to ActionThis review has provided an overview of the existing knowledge on how social media use affects adults and identified areas of research that merit investigation in future studies. More attention should be given to maximizing the positive impacts of social media use on mental health and well‐being among adults.
Complete genome sequences of
Campylobacter jejuni
subsp.
jejuni
strain P4549 isolated from an asymptomatic rhesus monkey (
Macaca mulatta
)
Authors: Wang Sharon X. , Kim Sung Guk 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Campylobacter jejuni
subsp.
jejuni
is a leading bacterial cause of human gastroenteritis.
C. jejuni
strain P4549 was isolated from an asymptomatic rhesus monkey,
Macaca mulatta
. We report the genome sequences have a circular chromosome of 1,729,940 bp and two plasmids of 50,482 bp and 7,259 bp, respectively.
Frequency Conversion of Femtosecond Ti:Sapphire Laser Pulse to the Long-Wave Mid-IR Range with BaGa2GeSe6 Crystal
Authors: Kinyaevskiy I. O. , Koribut A. V. , Grudtsyn Ya. V. , Ionin M. V. 
Published: May 2024

Generation of ultrashort mid-IR pulses spanning from 8.5 to 10.5 μm with high energy (up to 4.5 μJ) was experimentally demonstrated through difference frequency generation in BaGa2GeSe6 crystal pumped by 100-fs 0.95-μm Ti:sapphire laser pulses. Optical damage threshold and two-photon absorption coefficient were determined for this pump pulses. Frequency conversion efficiency reached 0.24% at 1.85 mJ pump pulse energy and was decreased at higher one. Estimations indicate that application of 15 mm in diameter wide-aperture BaGa2GeSe6 sample will allow one to increase pump pulse energy up to ~10 mJ, and to increase the mid-IR pulse energy up to 24 μJ at the same efficiency.
O11 Using a professional patient mystery shop to evaluate management of recently diagnosed HSV-2, compared with data from a national questionnaire
Authors: Cannon Rebecca , Foley Elizabeth , Khatun Azra , Patel Rajul 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionIn 2014, the British Association of Sexual Health and HIV updated guidelines detailing the expected management of Anogenital Herpes type 2 (HSV-2). This study aims to evaluate counselling given to patients with HSV-2 and determine how clinicians are dealing with sensitive topics that arise during these consultations.Methods210 UK Genito-Urinary Medicine (GUM) clinics were sent an anonymous questionnaire, the results of which were analysed and compared with current guidelines. A pilot mystery shopping study, involving a patient with a reported recent HSV-2 diagnosis, was performed in 3 UK GUM Clinics. Details of each consultation were graded as A (acceptable), U (unacceptable) or C (a cause for concern) by a panel of 6 experts.ResultsAnalysis of the returned questionnaires showed inconsistencies in answers between clinicians and guidelines. The advice given during the visits was graded 69.7% A, 16.8% C and 13.5% U. Staff performed well with providing emotional support and guiding patients to extra materials (84.5% A) but did significantly less well on topics such as disclosure (65.9% A, p=0.0025), transmission (71.8% A, p=0.032) and pregnancy (53.9% A, p=0.000013) (Pearson’s Chi-squared test).DiscussionThe study has exposed some short falls in clinical practice, which should be addressed by future guidelines and education events at BASHH, should they be supported by a larger-scale study. Returning anonymised data to participating clinics may allow them to deal with discrepancies in their practice.
P086 Routine HIV testing in primary care: does targeted training work?
Authors: Perez Katrina 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionLate diagnosis of HIV infection remains a major barrier to tackling HIV. UK HIV testing guidelines recommend universal testing of all new registrants attending general practice (GP) where local HIV prevalence exceeds 2/1000. HIV prevalence in our city was 1.1/1000 with pockets of high prevalence centred on 6 zones of deprivation. We targeted GP practices in these areas to undertake routine HIV testing after in-house training and ascertained healthcare professionals’ (HCP’s) views in relation to HIV testing in primary care before and after training.Methods13 GP practices in 6 high prevalence areas were approached alongside public health to undertake routine HIV testing, with remuneration and training, delivered as a lecture and discussion. Pre and post -training questionnaires were done assessing attitudes and knowledge around testing.Results7 GP practices accepted. Pre and post training responses (49 in total) reported increased confidence around when to offer testing (40%), discussing testing (20%), and awareness of national guidelines (63%). Increased numbers offered tests to MSM (39%), patients from high risk countries (29%), and for indicator conditions (14%). The number of HCP’s offering testing in the preceding month increased by 20%. Reasons for declining testing remained unchanged (83% self-perceived low risk, 50% stigma concerns) as were practical barriers which were predominantly time restraints.DiscussionTargeted training improved key areas of understanding and built confidence around routine HIV testing among local GP practices. Perceived barriers to testing and reasons that patients declined testing remained unaltered after training.
O16 Acceptability, uptake and impact of online home-sampling for stis in hampshire, UK: a service evaluation
Authors: Williams Sarah , Scholfield Clare , Nadarzynski Tom , Symonds Ynez , Kidsley Sally 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionHome-sampling offers cost-effective and equitable approaches, allowing hard-to-reach populations to remotely access screening for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). We aimed to evaluate a pilot home-sampling service - its utilisation, acceptability and impact on clinic attendance and service delivery, notably its capacity to direct 10% of asymptomatic clinic attenders to the online service.MethodsWe ran descriptive statistics on six-month data (Sep 2015–Mar 2016) on STI kit requests and completion in Hampshire, and conducted trend analysis to examine the impact on attendances. Overall acceptability was assessed via online feedback survey and in-depth interviews with service users.ResultsIn total, 4,305 kits were requested and 1974 (48%) were returned, with 15% providing insufficient blood samples. After analysis, 73 samples were positive (1 HIV, 1 syphilis, 5 Hepatitis-B, 53 Chlamydia, and 13 Gonorrhoea). There was no significant reduction in asymptomatic attendances since the introduction of the service (p=0.12). While 95% would use the online service again and 93% would recommend it to family and friends, 39% reported difficulties taking blood samples.DiscussionOnline home-sampling is an acceptable method of screening for STIs. The overall positivity rates are comparable to those reported in the clinic. However, the introduction of the online home-sampling might not reduce clinic attendances, due to the novelty aspects of the service. Further development of online screening needs to increase kit return rate and educate service users on more effective ways of providing sufficient samples for blood analysis.
P122 Delivering system transformation through collaboration between online and terrestrial sexual health services
Authors: Sa Joia de , Howroyd Chris , Holdsworth Gillian , Turner Katy , Baraitser Paula , Menon-Johansson Anatole , Brady Michael 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionOnline sexual health services could shift demand for asymptomatic testing from clinics to relieve pressure and reduce cost. An online service collaborated with clinicians in two London boroughs to facilitate this through new service pathways.One clinic developed a triage system directing asymptomatic attenders to order directly via the online service using tablets in the clinic with self-sampling packs prepared immediately to take away. Two clinics offered a ‘weblink’ card signposting those attending during busy periods to the online service. This study describes and evaluates these new pathways to re-direct demand.MethodsWe used routinely collected testing data to analyse uptake. We compared the populations who used new pathways (weblink, ‘tablet-in-clinic’) with those resident in the same area accessing the online service without signposting or triage (organic users).ResultsIn a 6-month period, there were 8,987 orders from organic users, 1,280 orders through ‘weblink’ and 1,555 orders from ‘tablet-in-clinic’ users. Weblink users had a lower kit return rate (62.7%) compared with ‘tablet-in-clinic’ and organic users (71.4%; 71.9%). Positivity rates for any infection were higher among weblink (8.6%) and ‘tablet-in-clinic’ users (8.2%) compared with organic users (6.1%). In this period, 157 service users ordering through weblink or ‘tablet-in-clinic’ ordered their next test through the organic route.DiscussionCollaborative strategies to increase uptake of online services can be effective. These can increase capacity but may reduce user choice. Further work on predictive triage and targeted support for users switching service modality could enhance this offer.
P145 London sexual health transformation programme
Authors: Cleary Mary , O’Sullivan Jonathan 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionThe London Sexual Health Transformation Programme (LSHTP) is a partnership of 32 London Boroughs working to deliver a new collaborative commissioning model for open access sexual health services. The programme has facilitated cross London joint working to set up new services, agree new pricing mechanisms and ensure coordinated expert clinical specifications for all services, producing better outcomes for patients and better value for commissioners.MethodsTo deliver this transformation the programme set up three distinct work streams: developing a new pan London e-services model for sexual health to better signpost patients to the right services and provide home testing kits where clinically justified; developing a new pricing mechanism that supports flexibility and planning; and supporting sub regional groups to re commission face to face services with a new agreed clinical specification to support overall system transformation objectives.ResultsTransformed services; a new online offering, and a new London wide clinically agreed service specification. Improved resident access and experience. Patients will no longer need to attend a clinic if they don’t wish to but will access expert advice, triage and testing in their home or safe space elsewhere. Saved approximately £30 – 40m through collaborative commissioning and patient channel shift away from expensive clinic attendance where it is not needed Built and maintained partnerships across London. It has been a major achievement to construct and sustain a collaborative of 32 London boroughs involved in this programme.DiscussionIs collaboration the way forward for effective commissioning?
P150 Partnerships between services can support survivors of sexual abuse, violence and exploitation
Authors: Harding Rebecca , Phattey Jara , Thompson Lisa , Langham Yvonne , Caswell Rachel 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionThe ASC Clinic (Abuse Survivors Clinic) offers specialised services to patients who have been affected by sexual violence. It is provided by Umbrella NHS Sexual Health Service and third sector partner RSVP (the Rape and Sexual Violence Project). The ASC offers emotional and medical support to survivors of sexual exploitation, coercion, abuse and violence. This is a review of the experience gained in the first year.MethodsA retrospective review of the electronic case notes for all patients who attended the ASC, November 2015-2106.Results46 female, 8 male, 1 transgender attended with 6 <18years. The majority of patients (41) were referred by Sexual Health staff, and others were from SARC (9), RSVP (1), another hospital (1), and 1 patient self-referred. One of the patients was experiencing on-going sexual violence at the time of attendance, 18 had experienced it within the past month, 14 between 1 month and 1 year before being seen, and 22 more than 1 year previously. Nearly all (5) of the under 18-year olds were referred to Safeguarding teams, and 9 of the adults. The majority accepted services from both partner agencies. 128 appointments were made with 63 attendances (DNA rate 49%).DiscussionWe are increasingly aware of the numbers of people who have experienced sexual violence. The ASC provides a dedicated service for this vulnerable group. The innovative approach of working with the third sector helps combine experience and expertise enabling more holistic care. Further work is needed to improve clinic accessibility and to evaluate patient experience.
P184 Adherence to pcp prophylaxis guidelines in hiv positive patients
Authors: Drake Jessie , Cunningham Mathew , Gilleece Yvonne 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionPneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP) prophylaxis is often continued despite acceptable CD4 counts in HIV positive individuals on antiretroviral (ARV) treatment. Both BHIVA and EACS guidelines advise discontinuing prophylaxis if the CD4 count is >200 cells/mm3 for 3 months, EACS additionally states that prophylaxis should be stopped if the patient has a CD4 count of 100-200 and an undetectable Viral Load (VL) for 3 months.MethodsWe analysed the case notes of all individuals actively receiving Co-trimoxazole prophylaxis prescriptions, and assessed clinical details, CD4 count and VL data to decide whether their continued prescription was in accordance with current guidelines.ResultsWe identified 32 patients, 27 male, currently on Co-trimoxazole prophylaxis. 18 individuals (56%) met the criteria for continuing PCP prophylaxis. Of the remaining 14, 3 individuals were on immunosuppressive medications for co-morbidities, and were therefore appropriately receiving prophylaxis. 11 of 32 individuals (34%) were found to be receiving Co-trimoxazole despite meeting guidance for discontinuing prophylaxis. 8 of these patients met the BHIVA guidelines, while an additional 3 met the EACS guidelines.DiscussionOur results suggest a significant number of individuals currently receiving PCP prophylaxis could stop. This would reduce their pill burden and minimise the effects of polypharmacy, as well as reduce cost to the NHS. Clinicians should therefore regularly review the need to continue PCP prophylaxis.
P216 Evaluating a motivational interviewing clinic for behaviour change
Authors: Grundy-Bowers Matthew , Dosekun Olamide , Osborn Nick 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionA service was set up to support patients in behaviour change, staffed by motivational interviewing trained nurses and workers from a voluntary drugs service.MethodsAn evaluation was undertaken of the service. Between 16.09.15 and 09.11.16 at total of 101 patients were booked into the service: 53 were referred to the nurses and 48 referred to the drug worker (some were referred to both). A total of 30 patient notes were selected at random and data extracted.ResultsOf the 101 patients 4 were female and 97 were male (aged 21 to 63 years old). 3 were bisexual, 5 heterosexual, the remainder MSM and 5 were sex workers. Of the 12 HIV-positive patients, all were on treatment and undetectable. In the 12-months prior to referral 15 had been diagnosed with at least 1 STI and 8 had received PEPSE (2 receiving 2 courses). Reasons for attendance; chemsex (20), substance use (7), alcohol (1) risky sexual (1) not documented (1). 19 patients had been seen within 3 attendances (range 1 to 11) and the majority did not require onward referral (n=21).DiscussionThere was a high DNA rate within the service which is common among this patient type. 8 patients reduced or stopped the behaviour that they were referred for. 9 of the 15 diagnosed with an STI prior to referral did not have an STI documented in their notes post referral. This shows that MI based programmes have utility in supporting vulnerable patients desiring behaviour change.
P221 Spotting child sexual exploitation (CSE) risks in a small rural cohort; what to look out for and how to effectively share information
Authors: Pearce Amy , Dent Rosie , Palmer Joanne , Keane Frances 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionRecognition of CSE is a vital part of our work. We host a monthly multiagency safeguarding meeting (SM), alongside social services, children in care (CIC) team and hospital safeguarding. All children with high risk behaviours/vulnerabilities who have attended in the previous month are discussed including children in care, those current self-harming and those disclosing grooming or sexual assault. We will explore other factors contributing to CSE risk and demonstrate the value of the multiagency SM to care.MethodsReview of records of 90 adolescents 13-17 attending between 01/08/16 – 30/09/16. Demographics, safeguarding concerns and SM outcomes were recorded. Results were analysed using SPSS and Pearsons/Fishers tests.Results84% (76) were female. 13% (12) were aged ≤15. In this group a history of involuntary sex was associated with both the use of recreational drugs (p=0.002) and any diagnosis of a mental health condition (p=0.020). 12 patients were discussed at the SM. New information was shared between partner organisations in 75% (9) cases. Further results for risky behaviours can be seen in Table 1.Abstract P221 Table 1Spotting CSEYes (%)No (%)History of involuntary sex21(25.6)61(74.4)History of grooming1(1.2)82(98.8)Sent/Received sexually explicit photos5(8.8)52(91.2)Met partners on internet/social media6(10.7)50(89.3)Previous or current self-harm33(37.6)53(62.4)Known to Social Services20(22.8)68(77.2)DiscussionDiscussion at the SM improves the care of vulnerable children by identifying those at risk and improving multiagency care planning. Mental health problems or illicit drug use should prompt careful evaluation for CSE risk.
O32 Ethnicity and sexual behaviours – the association between ethnicity and sexual risk behaviours reported by heterosexual men and women in a gum setting
Authors: Coyle Rachel , Miltz Ada , Sewell Janey , Phillips Andrew , Speakman Andrew , Ivens Daniel , Sadiq Tariq , Dhar Jyoti , Taylor Stephen , Sherr Lorraine , Collins Simon , Elford Jonathon , Lampe Fiona , Rodger Alison 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionIn the UK people of black ethnicity experience a disproportionate burden of HIV and STI. We aimed to assess the association of ethnicity with sexual risk behaviours (SRB) and sexual health among heterosexual men and women.MethodsAURAH is a cross-sectional questionnaire study of people without HIV, recruited in 20 GUM clinics in England 2013–14. We assessed the association of ethnicity with (i) condomless sex with non-regular partner(s) (CLS-NR); (ii) ≥2 new partners in the last year (2NPLY); and (iii) STI diagnosis in the past year (STI) using modified poisson regression adjusted for age, study region, education and relationship status.Results1075 heterosexual men (n=451) and women (n=624) completed questionnaires. Ethnicity was as follows: 513 (48.4%) black/mixed African (BA), 159 (15.0%) black/mixed Caribbean (BC), 288 (27.1%) white ethnicity (WE), 101 (9.5%) other ethnicity (OE).Abstract O32 Table 1AURAHAdjusted PR (95%CI)CLS–NR2NPLYSTI within last yearWomen: White BA BC OE10.65(0.49–0.85)0.78(0.55–1.10)0.66(0.39–1.13)10.36(0.27–0.48)0.39(0.25–0.61)0.60(0.37–0.99)10.92(0.61–1.38)1.47(0.95–2.28)1.23(0.68–2.23)Men: White BA BC OE11.05(0.83–1.32)1.02(0.73–1.44)0.69(0.43–1.09)10.77(0.62–0.96)0.85(0.62–1.16)1.29(1.03–1.61)11.14(0.75–1.73)1.76(1.10–2.82)0.59(0.24–1.43)Compared with WE women BA women were less likely to report CLS-NR, BA and BC women were less likely to report 2NPLY, and BC women were more likely to report STI. In men CLS-NR did not vary significantly by ethnicity. BA men were less likely to report 2NPLY and BC men were more likely to report STI compared with WE men.DiscussionThe prevalence of SRBs was lower in black ethnicity women, but history of STI was more prevalent among BC women. Similarly, higher STI history in BC men was not consistent with ethnic variation in SRB. Additional factors, e.g. sexual networks, may be important determinants of sexual health.
P002 Assessing the impact of individualised treatment: an individual-based mathematical modelling study of antimicrobial resistant neisseria gonorrhoeae transmission, diagnosis and treatment in men who have sex with men
Authors: Zienkiewicz Adam , Homer Martin , Christensen Hannah , Hill Darryl , Horner Paddy , Woodford Neil , Fifer Helen , Hughes Gwenda , Turner Katherine 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionAntimicrobial resistant (AMR) gonorrhoea is a global public health threat. In London, diagnoses in men who have sex with men (MSM) have more than quadrupled from 2010 to 2015. Importantly, our last-line treatment (ceftriaxone) is used in first-line dual therapy. However, over half of tested isolates are still sensitive to older drugs, e.g. ciprofloxacin. Discriminatory point-of-care tests (POCT) to detect drug sensitivity are under development, enabling individualised treatment decisions.MethodsAn individual-based transmission model of gonorrhoea infection in MSM was developed, incorporating ciprofloxacin-sensitive and resistant strains, using novel heuristic approach to capture partnership dynamics. We explored different strategies to improve treatment selection including a) discriminatory POCT, b) partner treatment based on index case susceptibility, and c) variably delayed positivity testing prior to treatment (pre-screening).ResultsThe flexible model structure enabled us to credibly simulate London gonorrhoea transmission dynamics - assuming 2–10% prevalence and 10–50 daily diagnoses per 100,000 MSM. Simulations show that a) using POCT to detect ciprofloxacin sensitive infections resulted in a 70% decrease in ceftriaxone doses, and b) using index case sensitivity profile to direct treatment of partners could reduce ceftriaxone use by 27%.DiscussionPOCT are likely to dramatically reduce reliance on ceftriaxone. In the meantime, we could use existing data more informatively. If lab turnaround times are fast enough, index case sensitivity profiles could be used to select effective treatments for partners. This new framework addresses limitations of previous models and provides a flexible platform for exploring control options for AMR gonorrhoea.