bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flip‐angle measurement by magnetization inversion: Calibration of magnetization nutation angle in hyperpolarized 3He magnetic resonance imaging lung experiments
Authors: Rivoire J. , Terekhov M. , Meise F. M. , Gast K. , Salhi Z. , Schreiber L. M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe aim of this work was to establish a new, fast, and robust method of flip‐angle calibration for magnetic resonance imaging of hyperpolarized 3He. The method called flip‐angle measurement with magnetization inversion is based on acquiring images from periodically inverted longitudinal magnetization created using the spatial modulation of magnetization technique. By measuring the width of the area where the magnetization was inverted by the spatial modulation of magnetization preparation in phase images, the flip angle can be generated using a simple equation. To validate and establish the limits of the proposed method, flip‐angle measurement with magnetization inversion acquisitions were simulated and applied to proton and hyperpolarized 3He phantoms. Then, the calibration procedure was applied during hyperpolarized 3He magnetic resonance imaging in a healthy volunteer. The advantage of the flip‐angle measurement with magnetization inversion method compared with the conventional method based on the assessment of radiofrequency‐decay is that it is free of errors induced by relaxation due to oxygen, by imperfect excitation slice profile and by any diffusion of 3He into and out of the slice. Another advantage is that it does not require image processing with external software and therefore can be performed using the implemented tools on the magnetic resonance workstation. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mutation in connexin 32 causes charcot–marie–tooth disease in a large Chinese family
Authors: Guo Fuqiang , Shi Yi , Lin Ying , Liu Xiaoqi , Liu Bin , Liu Ying , Yang Yang , Lu Fang , Ma Shi , Yang Zhenglin 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe purpose was to study the clinical features and genetics of a large Chinese family with Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) disease. A genome‐wide linkage scan using Applied Biosystems v. 2.5 411 short tandem repeat (STR) markers was performed in this family. Mutation screening was conducted on connexin 32 (Cx32). Prediction of impact of the mutation and sequence alignments of Cx32 in 10 vertebrates were performed using Polyphen and Clustal W, respectively. Twelve family members were diagnosed as CMT type 1. An X‐chromosome locus (DXS991) was linked to the phenotype of this family by the genome‐wide linkage analysis. An H100Y mutation found in Cx32 was predicted to be possibly damaging to the function of Cx32, with a PSIC score difference of 1.758. The H100 of Cx32 is highly conserved among the 10 vertebrates. A large Chinese family had CMTX1 linked to Xq13.1 caused by an H100Y mutation in the Cx32 gene. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Diffusion imaging in multiple sclerosis: research and clinical implications
Authors: Inglese M. , Bester Maxim 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory‐demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) and the most frequent cause of non‐traumatic disability in young and middle‐age adults. Although conventional MRI (including T2‐weighted, pre‐ and post‐contrast T1‐weighted scans) has had a huge impact on MS by enabling an earlier diagnosis, and by providing surrogate markers for monitoring treatment response, it is limited by the low pathological specificity and the low sensitivity to diffuse damage in normal‐appearing white matter and gray matter. Diffusion weighted MRI is a quantitative technique able to overcome these limitations by providing markers more specific to the underlying pathologic substrates and more sensitive to the full extent of ‘occult’ brain tissue damage. This review describes diffusion studies in MS, discusses their pathophysiological implications and emphasizes their clinical relevance. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incremental incomplete LU factorizations with applications
Authors: Calgaro Caterina , Chehab Jean‐Paul , Saad Yousef 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper addresses the problem of computing preconditioners for solving linear systems of equations with a sequence of slowly varying matrices. This problem arises in many important applications. For example, a common situation in computational fluid dynamics, is when the equations change only slightly, possibly in some parts of the physical domain. In such situations it is wasteful to recompute entirely any LU or ILU factorizations computed for the previous coefficient matrix. A number of techniques for computing incremental ILU factorizations are examined. For example we consider methods based on approximate inverses as well as alternating techniques for updating the factors L and U of the factorization. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive dynamic cohesive fracture simulation using nodal perturbation and edge‐swap operators
Authors: Paulino Glaucio H. , Park Kyoungsoo , Celes Waldemar , Espinha Rodrigo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDependence on mesh orientation impacts adversely the quality of computational solutions generated by cohesive zone models. For instance, when considering crack propagation along interfaces between finite elements of 4k structured meshes, both extension of crack length and crack angle are biased according to the mesh configuration. To address mesh orientation dependence in 4k structured meshes and to avoid undesirable crack patterns, we propose the use of nodal perturbation (NP) and edge‐swap (ES) topological operation. To this effect, the topological data structure TopS (Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng 2005; 64: 1529–1556), based on topological entities (node, element, vertex, edge and facet), is utilized so that it is possible to access adjacency information and to manage a consistent data structure in time proportional to the number of retrieved entities. In particular, the data structure allows the ES operation to be done in constant time. Three representative dynamic fracture examples using ES and NP operators are provided: crack propagation in the compact compression specimen, local branching instability, and fragmentation. These examples illustrate the features of the present computational framework in simulating a range of physical phenomena associated with cracking. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multiple level set approach to prevent numerical artefacts in complex microstructures with nearby inclusions within XFEM
Authors: Tran A. B. , Yvonnet J. , He Q‐C. , Toulemonde C. , Sanahuja J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we highlight that when the extended finite element method (XFEM) is employed to model a microstructure in which inclusions are involved and the distance between two inclusions is small enough to be comparable with the mesh size, three numerical artefacts are induced, significantly affecting the convergence and accuracy of the numerical solution to the problem with such a microstructure. These artefacts are: (a) an artificial percolation of nearby inclusions; (b) an artificial distortion of phase domains; and (c) an enrichment deficiency. We propose to improve the XFEM/Level set method so as to avoid these artefacts. The new technique leading to this improvement uses one level set function for each inclusion and adds additional enrichment in an element whose support is cut by several interfaces. A local description of the multiple level sets is provided to avoid the storage of all level set functions. A simple integration rule is employed for numerical quadrature in elements cut by several interfaces. We show that the artefacts mentioned hereinbefore are circumvented in this framework. The performances of the method are demonstrated through benchmarks and examples applied to the homogenization of concrete materials in 2D and 3D cases. Copyright
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical methods for improved efficiency in macrosegregation modeling
Authors: Sajja Udaya K. , Felicelli Sergio D. , Heinrich Juan C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNew algorithms developed for the simulation of macrosegregation in directionally solidified alloys are presented. The work has been motivated by the inefficiency of models that have been used in the past. Three different developments are reported, the use of a fractional step projection finite element method to solve the momentum equations, the use of mesh‐less element free Galerkin formulations, and the combination of the Galerkin finite element method with adaptive mesh refinement. The formulation of the different algorithms is given and a two‐dimensional example of application in which the efficiency of the methods is compared is presented. The results of a three‐dimensional calculation using the Galerkin finite element method show that very significant gains are effected when compared with previously published simulations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the long time simulation of the Rayleigh–Taylor instability
Authors: Lee Hyun Geun , Kim Kyoungmin , Kim Junseok 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe investigate the classical Rayleigh–Taylor instability with a phase‐field method. Despite of the long history of numerical simulations for the Rayleigh–Taylor instability, almost all results were relatively short time experiments. This is partly because of the way of treating the pressure boundary conditions. We implement a time‐dependent pressure boundary condition through a time‐dependent density field at the boundary. Owing to the pressure boundary treatment, we can perform long time evolutions resulting in an equilibrium state. In addition to the bubble and spike fronts, we have found that the width of sides is another important landmark on the interface of the Rayleigh–Taylor instability. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct estimation of generalized stress intensity factors using a three‐scale concurrent multigrid X‐FEM
Authors: Passieux J. C. , Gravouil A. , Réthoré J. , Baietto M. C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA concurrent multigrid method is devised for the direct estimation of stress intensity factors and higher‐order coefficients of the elastic crack tip asymptotic field. The proposed method bridges three characteristic length scales that can be present in fracture mechanics: the structure, the crack and the singularity at the crack tip. For each of them, a relevant model is proposed. First, a truncated analytical reduced‐order model based on Williams' expansion is used to describe the singularity at the tip. Then, it is coupled with a standard extended finite element (FE) method model which is known to be suitable for the scale of the crack. A multigrid solver finally bridges the scale of the crack to that of the structure for which a standard FE model is often accurate enough. Dedicated coupling algorithms are presented and the effects of their parameters are discussed. The efficiency and accuracy of this new approach are exemplified using three benchmarks. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A partly and fully cracked triangular XFEM element for modeling cohesive fracture
Authors: Mougaard J. F. , Poulsen P. N. , Nielsen L. O. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper discusses the build‐up of a partly cracked cohesive crack tip element. The crack tip element is based on the principles of the eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) and is of Linear Strain Triangle (LST) type. The composition of the enrichment has been in focus to achieve as complete a description as possible on both sides of the crack. The stress accuracy within the crack tip element has been improved to a level, so that the crack tip stresses can be evaluated locally without introducing nonlocal averaging in the surroundings of the crack tip. The partly cracked element can also be applied as a fully cracked element with a few restrictions in the displacement field. The performance of the developed element has been tested in three examples. One example is an infinite sheet with an initial flaw in pure tension, where a semianalytical solution exists. The two other examples are the two benchmark tests: Three‐point Bending Test (TPBT) and the Four‐point Shear Beam (FPSB). The partly cracked element performs well, and captures the overall structural response even for coarse meshes in all the three examples. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A fourth‐order compact scheme for the Helmholtz equation: Alpha‐interpolation of FEM and FDM stencils
Authors: Nadukandi Prashanth , Oñate Eugenio , Garcia Julio 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe propose a fourth‐order compact scheme on structured meshes for the Helmholtz equation given by R(φ):=f(x)+Δφ+ξ2φ=0. The scheme consists of taking the alpha‐interpolation of the Galerkin finite element method and the classical central finite difference method. In 1D, this scheme is identical to the alpha‐interpolation method (J. Comput. Appl. Math. 1982; 8(1):15–19) and in 2D making the choice α=0.5 we recover the generalized fourth‐order compact Padé approximation (J. Comput. Phys. 1995; 119:252–270; Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Engrg 1998; 163:343–358) (therein using the parameter γ=2). We follow (SIAM Rev. 2000; 42(3):451–484; Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Engrg 1995; 128:325–359) for the analysis of this scheme and its performance on square meshes is compared with that of the quasi‐stabilized FEM (Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Engrg 1995; 128:325–359). In particular, we show that the relative phase error of the numerical solution and the local truncation error of this scheme for plane wave solutions diminish at the rate O((ξℓ)4), where ξ, ℓ represent the wavenumber and the mesh size, respectively. An expression for the parameter α is given that minimizes the maximum relative phase error in a sense that will be explained in Section 4.5. Convergence studies of the error in the L2 norm, the H1 semi‐norm and the l∞ Euclidean norm are done and the pollution effect is found to be small. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐smooth monotonicity constraints in optimal control problems: Some economic applications
Authors: Ruiz del Portal X. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a theorem on necessary conditions for optimal control problems containing monotonicity constraints that bear on a joint function of the control variable, the state variable, and the time. These constraints are often found, under continuity and piecewise smoothness assumptions for the endogenous variables of the problem, in various economic fields that include monopoly regulation, non‐uniform pricing, implicit contracts, and optimal taxation. After applying our theorem to a general incentive provision model, we show its usefulness in relaxing the standard continuity and smoothness assumptions, for the case of two screening problems among those that have received more attention in the literature. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A modified pseudospectral scheme for accurate solution of Bang‐Bang optimal control problems
Authors: Shamsi M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn the present contribution, a modified Legendre pseudospectral scheme for accurate and efficient solution of bang‐bang optimal control problems is investigated. In this scheme control and state functions are considered as piecewise constant and piecewise continuous polynomials, respectively, and the switching points are also taken as decision variables. Furthermore, for simplicity in discretization, the integral formulation of the dynamical equations is considered. Thereby, the problem is converted into a mathematical programming problem which can be solved by the well‐developed parameter optimization algorithms. The main advantages of the present method are that: (i) it obtains good results even by using a small number of collocation points and the rate of convergence is high; (ii) the switching times can be captured accurately; and (iii) the wrongly chosen number of switching points can be detected by the results of the method. These are illustrated through a numerical implementation of the method on three examples and the efficiency of the method is reported. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GRP78 up‐regulation is associated with androgen receptor status, Hsp70–Hsp90 client proteins and castrate‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Tan Shaun S , Ahmad Imran , Bennett Haley L , Singh Lukram , Nixon Colin , Seywright Morag , Barnetson Robert J , Edwards Joanne , Leung Hing Y 
Published: September 2010

AbstractGRP78/BiP is a key member of the molecular chaperone heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 family. It has a critical role in prostate cancer (PC) includingPtenloss‐driven carcinogenesis, but the molecular basis of this remains unclear. We investigated the effect of GRP78 and its putative client proteins, including androgen receptor (AR) in clinical PC. Expression of GRP78 and key Hsp70–hsp90 client proteins (HER2, HER3, AR and AKT) were studied in an incidence tissue microarray (TMA) of prostate cancer. The relationship of GRP78 and AR was further tested inin vitrocell models (LNCaP and its derived LNCaP‐CR subclone) and a matched TMA of hormone‐naïve (HNPC) and castrate‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).In vitroandin vivoexpression of GRP78 and client proteins were assessed by western blotting and immunohistochemistry, respectively, using the weighted histoscore method. Significant co‐expression of GRP78, pAKT, HER2, HER3 and AR was observed in PC. Abnormal AR, GRP78 and pAKT expression have significant impact on patient survival. GRP78 expression in AR+tumours was significantly higher than in AR−tumours. In keeping with our clinical data, activation of AR by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) potently activated GRP78 expression in both LNCaP and LNCaP‐CR cells. For the first time, using a matched HNPC and CRPC TMA, enhanced cytoplasmic and membranous GRP78 expression was observed in CRPC. Future prospective studies are therefore warranted to validate GRP78 as prognostic marker and therapeutic target, in the context of the AR and pAKT status. In summary, GRP78 is co‐expressed with Hsp70–hsp90 client proteins. Up‐regulated expression of AR and GRP78 expression in untreated prostate cancer predicts a less favourable outcome. This points to the importance of understanding in the molecular interaction among AR, GRP78 and AKT. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Current awareness: Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety
Authors:   John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn order to keep subscribers up‐to‐date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety. Each bibliography is divided into 23 sections: 1 Reviews; 2 General; 3 Anti‐infective Agents; 4 Cardiovascular System Agents; 5 CNS Depressive Agents; 6 Non‐steroidal Anti‐inflammatory Agents; 7 CNS Agents; 8 Anti‐neoplastic Agents; 9 Haematological Agents; 10 Neuroregulator‐Blocking Agents; 11 Dermatological Agents; 12 Immunosuppressive Agents; 13 Autonomic Agents; 14 Respiratory System Agents; 15 Neuromuscular Agents; 16 Reproductive System Agents; 17 Gastrointestinal System Agents; 18 Anti‐inflammatory Agents ‐ Steroidal; 19 Teratogens/fetal exposure; 20 Antidiabetic Agents; 21 Contrast Agents; 22 Bone Conservation Agents; 23 Others. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted.
Gamma radiation on poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) in the presence of vinyltrimethoxysilane
Authors: Wang Shusheng , Han Changyu , Han Lijing , Wang Xuemei , Bian Junjia , Zhuang Yugang , Dong Lisong 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe performance and radiation‐induced cross‐linking of polycaprolactone (PCL) in the presence of vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) have been investigated. Radiation‐induced cross‐linking of PCL in the presence of VTMS followed the Charlesby–Pinner equation, and VTMS promoted the radiation‐induced cross‐linking of PCL. As the concentration of VTMS increased, the gelation dose and the ratio of degradation to cross‐linking (p0/q0) decreased and the efficiency of radiation‐induced cross‐linking increased. Differential scanning calorimetry analyses showed differences between the first and second scans. Glass‐transition temperature (Tg) and mechanical properties of the polymers increased. Radiation‐induced cross‐linking of PCL in the presence of VTMS was found to retard hydrolytic degradation greatly. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
A confirmatory factor analysis of the Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scales, Fifth Edition, with a high‐achieving sample
Authors: Williams Tasha H. , McIntosh David E. , Dixon Felicia , Newton Jocelyn H. , Youman Elizabeth 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scale, Fifth Edition (SB5), is a recently published, multidimensional measure of intelligence based on Cattell–Horn–Carroll (CHC) theory. The author of the test provides results from confirmatory factor analyses in the technical manual supporting the five‐factor structure of the instrument. Other authors have examined this factor structure through EFA using the standardization sample, and have not found evidence of a five‐factor model. The purpose of the current study was to examine the internal construct validity of the SB5 using an independent sample of high‐functioning students. Participants included 201 high‐functioning, third‐grade students ranging in age from 8 years, 4 months to 10 years, 11 months. Five models of the SB5 were analyzed using Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS). Our findings indicated that a hierarchical, four‐factor, post‐hoc model provided the best fit to the data. Generally, implications for school psychologists include a better understanding of the factor structure of the SB5, especially as it relates to high‐achieving children. Directions for future research are also discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Words correct per minute: The variance in standardized reading scores accounted for by reading speed
Authors: Williams Jacqueline L. , Skinner Christopher H. , Floyd Randy G. , Hale Andrea D. , Neddenriep Christine , Kirk Emily P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe measure words correct per minute (WC/M) incorporates a measure of accurate aloud word reading and a measure of reading speed. The current article describes two studies designed to parse the variance in global reading scores accounted for by reading speed. In Study I, reading speed accounted for more than 40% of the reading composite score variance in 4th‐, 5th‐, and 10th‐grade students. In Study II, reading speed accounted for more than 30% of the reading/language arts composite score variance of fourth‐ and fifth‐grade students. Across both studies, when reading speed was combined with words read correctly and converted to WC/M the additional variance accounted for was less than 10% with one exception, fourth‐grade students' reading/language arts scores. These findings are consistent with various theories regarding reading speed, provide direction for future researchers, and may assuage those concerned that WC/M is primarily a measure of aloud, accurate word reading (i.e., word calling). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Novel synthesis of 2‐aminoquinoline‐3‐carbaldehyde, benzo[b][1,8]naphthyridines and study of their fluorescence behavior
Authors: Shelar Deepak P. , Birari Dilip R. , Rote Ramhari V. , Patil Sandeep R. , Toche Raghunath B. , Jachak Madhukar N. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA novel route was successfully developed for the synthesis of new synthons, orthoamino formyl quinoline (heterocyclic orthoaminoaldehyde) and utilized for the synthesis of series of benzonaphthyridines by Friedländer condensation reactions with benzoylacetonitrile. The benzonaphthyridines synthesized were further studied for their fluorescence properties. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.