bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract P1-06-03: Chinese Herb Fructus Cornii Exhibits Preventive Efficacy in a Cell Culture Model for Hormone Responsive Breast Cancer
Authors: Telang NT , Sepkovic DW , Bradlow JL , Wong GYC. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Background: Selective estrogen receptor modulators and combination of chemotherapeutic agents represent conventional therapeutic interventional strategies for estrogen receptor positive (ER+) clinical breast cancer. Herbal medicines have been extensively used in alternative and complementary medicine for cancer of various organ sites. Concerns of adverse toxicity or acquired tumor resistance from conventional chemo-endocrine therapy, rationalizes the use of herbal medicines independently or in combination with chemo-endocrine therapy. The present study has utilized a human cell culture model for ER+ breast cancer to assess potential preventive efficacy of a popular Chinese nutritional herb Fructus Cornii (FC). Material and Methods: The ER+ human mammary carcinoma derived MCF-7 cells represented the model. Status of cellular metabolism of estradiol (E2), anchorage dependent growth and anchorage independent colony formation provided the quantitative end point biomarkers for efficacy.
Results: MCF-7 cells maintained in a serum depleted medium (E2&lt;1 nM) retained E2 responsiveness as evidenced by growth modulation by E2, its metabolites, anti-estrogen Tamoxifen, and by the persistence of E2 metabolism via the C17-oxidation, C2-hydroxylation and C16α-hydroxylation pathways. Treatment of E2 stimulated MCF-7 cells with FC produced cytostatic growth arrest and reduction in the number of anchorage independent colonies in a dose dependent manner. Treatment of
MCF-7 cells with FC at the maximum cytostatic concentration increased anti-mitogenic 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE1), and decreased pro-mitogenic 16α-hydroxyestrone (16α-OHE1) formation.
Discussion: These data identify a mechanistic lead for the efficacy of FC and thereby, validate a human cell culture based approach for rapid prioritization of efficacious herbal medicinal products for prevention/therapy of ER+ clinical breast cancer.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-06-03.
Abstract P1-07-02: Acceptability of Breast Cancer Medical Prevention by Letrozole in Post-Menopausal Women with a BRCA1/2 Mutation in the LIBER Trial
Authors: Pujol P , Mijonnet S , Dugast C , Berthet P , Lasset C , Fricker J-P , Delaloge S , This P , Baudry K , Nogues C , Martin A-L. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Background: Women carrying a germline BRCA1/2 mutation have a lifetime risk of developing breast cancer of 56 to 80%. Prophylactic bilateral mastectomy provides a valid option to reduce breast cancer incidence, but considerably affects the quality of life. There is therefore an urgent need to evaluate medical preventive alternative. The major breast cancer prevention trials using tamoxifen showed an approximately 50% incidence reduction in high risk women. Adjuvant trials comparing aromatase inhibitors (AI) to tamoxifen revealed a higher preventive efficacy of AI for contra-lateral cancer with fewer thrombo-embolic side effects.
Patients and Methods: The French federation of cancer centres (“FNCLCC”) has designed a randomized phase III trial to determine the efficacy of letrozole to prevent breast cancer in postmenopausal BRCA1/2 carriers. The “LIBER” study is a double-blind, letrozole versus placebo study involving 32 centers among with 20 are actives. The study opened for recruitment in march 2008.
Results: Here we present data reflecting the acceptability of this preventive trial. Twenty-one centers replied to an inquiry. 690 women were eligible. Out of 485 women informed by letter, 217 (44%) came to consultation and 62 (13%) entered the study. The main concerns of women while considering to enter the trial were: the potential side effects, the probability to receive the placebo and the lack of support from other practitioners. Out of 78 enrolled women, 48 (62%) were BRCA1 mutation carriers, 30 (38%) were BRCA2 mutation carriers, 73 (93%) were oophorectomized, 38 (49%) had a previous unilateral cancer, 40 (52%) did not have cancer. 30 (38%) women were less than 50 years old, and 48 (62%) were 50 or over 50 years old.
Discussion: For post-menopausal women bearing a BRCA1/2 genetic predisposition, prevention of breast cancer risk by letrozole could provide a precious alternative when bilateral mastectomy is not retained. Among women who received oral information, the acceptability of this randomized double-blind letrozole versus placebo trial is 28%.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-07-02.
Abstract P1-09-03: A Pharmaco-Economic Analysis of Tamoxifen (T) vs. Aromatase Inhibitors (AI) in Adjuvant Treatment of Postmenopausal (PoM) Women (W) with Hormone Receptor Positive (HRP) Breast Cancer (BC)
Authors: Sehgal R , Lark C 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Background: Endocrine Therapy (ET) is an important component of adjuvant therapy in PoM W with HRP BC.AI are the preferred modality of ET despite higher cost. We performed an analysis to determine the cost of the difference in BC specific survival benefit when using AI compared to T in the adjuvant treatment of HRP BC in PoM W. Methods: Prices of medications were obtained through First Data Bank Blue Book. Annual incidence of BC globally was taken as reported in GLOBOCAN 2008. Incidence of non-metastatic, HRP BC in PoM W was calculated using data on incidence of metastatic BC (6%), HRP BC (80%) and W with PoM status (75%) from Cancer Statistics 2009 and Anderson WF et al, 2002 respectively. Meta-analysis of ATAC and BIG-98 trials comparing 5 years (yrs) of T and AI (T and anastrozole/letrozole), in the adjuvant setting presented by Dowsett et al, JCO, Vol 28, No 3 (January 20), 2010: 509-518 was used for calculating BC specific survival benefit of AI over T.
Results: Annually, 780,307 W globally would be eligible for 5 yrs of adjuvant ET. The cost of 5 yrs treatment for these W with T vs. AI is $5.4 billion (B) United States dollars (USD) vs. $22.5 B USD, respectively. The absolute BC specific survival benefit of treating W with AI over T for 5 yrs was 1.1%. Therefore, treating 780,307 women with AI rather than T for 5 yrs would benefit about 8583 W from BC specific mortality. The cost for saving one woman from BC related mortality, if treated with AI rather than T would be $1,992310.38 USD [(22.5 B USD — 5.4 B USD/8583]. AI use was associated with fewer endometrial cancers and thromboembolic events than T but with more arthralgias and fractures. Conclusion: AIs have shown benefit over T, but applying those results en-mass to all patients with HRP BC might be a substantial economic burden on society with relatively small benefits. Target markers for subset of patients who might preferentially benefit from AIs more than T need to be identified to best optimize the benefit from these drugs. Each class of drugs have different side effect profiles which should help individualize treatment.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-09-03.
Abstract P1-09-06: Imaging Tests in Staging and Surveillance of Early Breast Cancer (EBC) — Changes in Routine Clinical Practice and Cost Implications
Authors: Arpino G , Cammarota S , Ianniello G , Genua G , Febbraro A , Mastrogiacomo F , Mabilia R , Pisano A , Bianco M , Barbato E , Daniele B , Savastano C , Del Prete S , Malorni L , De Placido S. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Background. New imaging tests such as computed tomography [CT], [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scanning and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are not recommended for staging or follow up of asymptomatic patients with EBC according to current guidelines. However, frequently these tests are requested even in the absence of a clinical indication. Variations in practice patterns have significant cost implications and no clear impact on cancer outcomes. Aim. In the present study we analyzed how the availability of novel and more expensive imaging technique has changed staging and follow-up modalities in EBC patients and if these changes affect costs. Methods. Two thousand and five patients with EBC diagnosed between January 2005 and December 2008 were identified using clinical computerized medical records from 639 general practitioners assisting 915,689 inhabitants of the Campania, a southern region of Italy. For each year EBC incidence, the mean number of diagnostic tests per patient (N/Pt) done during the first year after the initial diagnosis and the mean costs per each year were evaluated and compared by Anova test. Results. We identified 576, 489, 474 and 497 newly diagnosed cases of EBC in 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008 respectively.
Table 1
Table 1 describes changes in the mean number of different imaging tests requested per patient in these years. Overall, there was a significant increase of the mean number of imaging tests done per patient from 2005 to 2008 (P&lt;0.0001). No change of the mean number of mammograms, bone scan and chest X ray requested per patient was observed. However, importantly, the mean number of TC scan, PET scan and MRI requested per patient almost doubled from 2005 to 2008. Accordingly, the mean costs for staging and surveillance per patient also significantly increased (355 € in 2005, 378 € in 2006, 391 € in 2007 and 547 € in 2008; &lt;0.0001).
Conclusions. TC scan, PET scan and MRI employment for patient with EBC in daily clinical practice has been steadily growing over the past four years. However, there are no data to support their role in routine breast cancer staging or surveillance in asymptomatic patients. More studies are needed to characterize which subset of patients deserve more intensive staging and follow up procedures as costs related to these imaging test prescriptions are relevant.

Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-09-06.
Abstract P1-10-07: Preferences for Gender of Surgeon among Women with Breast Cancer
Authors: Freed DH 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Background: Hospitals have aggressively recruited and marketed women breast surgeons without evidence that women with breast cancer prefer them. Research about preferences could improve future decision making, with positive effects on patient satisfaction and health outcomes, hospital clinical and financial performance, and surgeon supply and workload distribution. The purpose of this study was to develop a grounded theory of preferences for gender of surgeon among women with breast cancer that is based upon exploratory research guided by two principal research questions:
1. What are the major categories to emerge from interviews with women with breast cancer about preferences for gender of surgeon?
2. How do women with breast cancer form preferences for gender of surgeon?
Material and Methods: A university-based survey research unit conducted semi-structured, random digit dialing telephone interviews with 12 Rockland County, NY women age 40-80 regarding factors of importance, including gender, when they actually or prospectively considered what surgeon to visit for breast cancer care. The researcher then used principles of thematic analysis to systematically categorize and make sense of interview data. Institutional review board approvals and multiple methods of verification were both provided for.
Results: Women recited both evaluative criteria used to compare surgeons and determinant attributes actually used to differentiate among choices, but gender did not emerge spontaneously in either case. Four categories did emerge: surgeon, hospital, clinical scenario, and office practice. A central category described the relationship between women's preferences and surgeons’ attributes: hierarchy of effects among women's beliefs, feelings, and behaviors. Women informed their preferences through a deliberate, well-informed process of active research, not stereotypes. Discussion: Gender may act to mediate preferences once other threshold categories are accounted for. Future research using quantitative methods is feasible. Hospitals that seek to promote breast surgery services should first, become valued information resources; and second, recruit and market surgeons according to competence and not gender as a principal criterion.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-10-07.
Abstract P1-10-11: Outcome of Patients with Early Breast Cancer Is Not Related to Their State of Social or Health Insurance
Authors: Jueckstock JK , Rack BK , Janni WJ , Brandelik A , Scholz C , Friese K. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Background: Recent studies in the US showed a relationship between the state of social or health insurance of cancer patients and their overall survival. [1-3] In Germany 91% of all women are estimated to have a compulsory health insurance whereas 9% have private health coverage. There are no patients without any health insurance in Germany.
Patients and Methods:
In a retrospective analysis of 1846 german patients with early breast cancer the correlation between state of social and health insurance and overall survival was investigated. 59.6% of the patients had a social insurance whereas 40.4% had none. 69.1% of the patients carried compulsory health insurance while 30.9% had private coverage.
Among the patients with compulsory health insurance 56.6% had had a professional education and 41.5% were employed whereas among the patients with private coverage 66.2% were professionally experienced and 43.9% were working.
Age, tumor size, lymph node metastases, grading and both hormone and
her2-status were well balanced between the two groups.
25.4% of all patients had undergone mastectomy and 72.6% had had
a breast conserving therapy. In 2.0% of the patients no surgery was
performed.
33.6% of all patients received adjuvant chemotherapy while endocrine therapy or radiotherapy was administered to 40.1% and 61.1% respectively.
Results:
Overall survival as expected was strongly correlated to established prognostic factors such as age, tumor size, lymph node status, and grading (p&lt; 0.001) respectively.
However, overall survival of the patients did not correlate to either social (p= 0.110) or health (p= 0.659) insurance state. Neither did the professional education of the patients play a role concerning overall survival (p=
0. 217.. Conclusions:
Unlike the American results there was no correlation seen between state of social or health insurance for german early breast cancer patients. Thus, although patients with private coverage are supposed to receive more intensive medical care, outcome for these patients concerning overall survival is not better than for patients with compulsory insurance. Literature:
1. Banerjee M, George J, Yee C, Hryniuk W, Schwartz K.: Disentangling the effects of race on breast cancer treatment. Cancer. 2007 Nov 15;110(10):2169-77.
2. Griggs JJ, Culakova E, Sorbero ME, Poniewierski MS, Wolff DA, Crawford J, Dale DC, Lyman GH. Social and racial differences in selection of breast cancer adjuvant chemotherapy regimens. J Clin Oncol. 2007 Jun 20;25(18):2522-7.
3. Brookfield KF, Cheung MC, Lucci J, Fleming LE, Koniaris LG. Disparities in survival among women with invasive cervical cancer : a problem of access to care. Cancer. 2008 Dec 18.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-10-11.
Abstract P1-11-06: Tumor-Associated Lymphocytes and Hormone Receptor Status Predict Pathological Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer
Authors: Hee Jin L , Jin-Hee A , Jin Young S , Sei-hyun A , Gyungyub G. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been used for patients with locally advanced breast cancer and is increasingly given to patients with operable breast cancer which is not suitable for breast conserving surgery or proven lymph node metastases. Recently, tumor-associated lymphocytes in breast cancer have been suggested as a new independent predictor of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. To evaluate the predictive value of tumor-associated lymphocytes in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer patients, we performed this study.
Materials and Methods: Two hundred and sixty five patients received surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy between 2000 and 2009. We investigated the proportion of intratumoral and stromal tumor-associated lymphocytes in 212 patients with available pretreatment biopsy specimens and following three groups of chemotherapy regimens: anthracycline-based (50 patients, 23.6%), anthracycline/taxane-based (130 patients, 61.3%), and herceptin-based (32 patients, 15.1%) regimens. Combined tumor-associated lymphocyte infiltrate was obtained from the greater value of intratumoral or stromal lymphocytes. We evaluated the relationship between pathological complete response (pCR) and clinicopathological factors including combined tumor-associated lymphocyte infiltrate. The definition of pCR was the absence of residual invasive or noninvasive carcinoma in breast and lymph nodes.
Results: pCR was achieved in 17 (8.0%) patients. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the degree of combined tumor-associated lymphocyte infiltrate is correlated with the higher rate of pCR (p=0.024, odds ratio 1.24, 95% confidential interval 1.03-1.49). ER-and PR-negativity was also a significant independent factor of pCR (p=0.047, odds ratio 3.09, 95% confidential interval 1.01-9.42). However, cT stage, cN stage, age, chemotherapy regimen, tumor grade, HER2 positivity, and triple negativity were not significantly correlated with pCR. Conclusion: The percentage of tumor-associated lymphocytes and negative hormone receptor expression are significantly linked to pCR.
Tumor-associated lymphocytes could be considered as a new important pathologic factor to predict the response of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in heterogeneous breast cancer other than conventional biomakers.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-11-06.
Abstract P1-11-11: Correlation between ER/PgR/Her-2/Ki67 Expression and Response to Neoadjuvant Endocrine Therapy for HR Positive Post-Menopausal Breast Cancer
Authors: Ouyang T , Ying M , Li L , Wang T , Xie Y , Lu A , Lin B. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Background: Endocrine therapy was standard adjuvant treatment for hormone receptor positive breast cancer. However, there were factors other than receptor status could influence endocrine responsiveness. Neoadjuvant therapy was an excellent platform for predictive factors research, but the standard for evaluating the efficacy of neoadjuvant endocrine therapy was controversy. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation among the results of different response evaluation system, and the relationships between ER/PgR/Her-2/Ki67 expression and the responses to neoadjuvant endocrine therapy for postmenopausal breast cancer.
Methods: Data of consecutive 133 core needle biopsy (CNB) confirmed hormone receptor strongly positive (more than 50% tumor cell stained ER or PgR) postmenopausal breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant endocrine therapy were analysis retrospectively. All pts. were planned to receive endocrine therapy alone as their adjuvant treatment and prescribed Anastrozole 1 mg per day for 16 weeks before surgery. Clinical response were evaluated by using documented ultrasound records,pathological response was evaluated by one senior pathologist with Miller & Payne classification. Cell cycle complete response was defined as post-treatment Ki67 ≥1%. The new slides of pre-treatment and surgical specimens were made for ER/PgR (ER\PR DakoCytomation)/Her-2 (Her-2 Dako HercepTest TM)/Ki67 (Ki67 Ventana) immunohistochemical staining through Benchmark XT Staining Instrument (Ventana Medical Systems. Inc. Arizona. USA) and classified by using image analysis system Ariol (Applied Imaging Inc., San-Jose, California, USA).
Results: Clinical response were CR:0.8% PR:33.1% SD:66.1%, pathological response were G5:3% G4+G3:47.4% G2+G1:49.6%, Ki67 change were &lt;1%: 22.8% decrease but &gt;1%:45.1% no decrease: 32.1%. The correlation and consistency among the response evaluated differently were poor [table 1]. The per-treatment ER/PR/Her-2/Ki67 showed low degree of correlation with responses [table 2]. Pre-treatment ER≥90% and PR≥90% and Her-2 coudln't predict better response.
The correlation and consistency among response evaluated in different system
Conclusion: The correlation and consistency among the results of response to neoadjuvant endocrine therapy evaluated by different system were poor. ER/PgR/Her-2/Ki67 showed low degree of correlation to responses. It's difficult to predict response to Arimidex neoadjuvant endocrine therapy by using ER/PgR/Her-2/Ki67 expression.

Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-11-11.
Abstract P1-11-16: Her2/neu Overexpressing Breast Cancer Patients Retain an Immunological Proficiency Compromised in Her2/neu-Negative Cases
Authors: Simona SSS , Muraro EME , Miolo GGM , Martorelli DMD , Turchet ETE , Comaro ECE , Talamini RTR , Veronesi AVA , Crivellari DCD , Dolcetti RDR. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Although breast cancers overexpressing HER2/neu are associated with a worse prognosis, a high rate of complete responses is usually induced in these patients by current therapeutic strategies, such as Trastuzumab, that also directly mediates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and possesses immunomodulating properties. Moreover, other chemotherapeutics used in this setting, i.e. doxorubicin and Taxol, were shown to enhance antigen-specific immune responses. On these grounds, a thorough evaluation of the immunologic profile of breast cancer patients may be helpful to predict clinical responses to such therapies. We therefore analyzed at diagnosis different immunological parameters of patients with locally advanced HER2+ (n=18) and HER2- (n=30) breast cancer eligible for neoadjuvant chemotherapy, respectively treated with weekly Paclitaxel (80 mg/mq/ev) and Trastuzumab (4mg/kg/ev day 1 followed by 2 mg/kg/ev weekly), or Epirubicin (90 mg/mq/ev) and Docetaxel (75mg/mq/ev) every 3 weeks. Immunophenotyping of circulating immune cells disclosed several differences in HER2- cases as compared with HER2+ patients and healthy controls (n=20). In particular, HER2- patients showed a higher percentage of NK and B cells (10.2 and 10.0%, respectively) and a lower CD4/CD8 T cell ratio (1.8; with a prevalence of naïve and central memory cells in the CD8+ population) if compared to HER2+ patients (NK 5.8%, B cells 8.2%, and CD4/CD8=2.3) and healthy controls (NK 5.5%, B cells 7.7%, and CD4/CD8=2.2). In addition, HER2- cases had higher numbers of circulating CD4+ regulatory T cells (1.6% FoxP3+CD25+CD127- of CD4+ T cells) with respect to donors (0.9%). Moreover, IFN-gamma ELISPOT assay demonstrated spontaneous T cell responses to a broad spectrum of HLA-A*0201-restricted peptides derived from breast cancer-associated antigens (HER2/neu, MUC-1, mammaglobin-A, Taxol resistance-associated gene-3, survivin, and Bcl-xL) in both groups of tumour patients, although the extent of these responses was usually higher in HER2+ cases. Finally, a multiparametric evaluation of the serum levels of 9 different cytokines revealed a comparable profile in HER2+ cases and in controls, whereas HER2- patients showed significantly lower cytokine amounts compared to healthy donors (IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8) and to HER2+ breast cancers (IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10). Preliminary data revealed a pathological complete response (pCR) in 44.4% of HER2+ patients (8/18), compared to 16.7% of the HER2- arm (5/30). These results are consistent with a retained immunologic proficiency of HER2+ patients, showing an innate tumor-specific immune response. Such features may at least partly account for the clinical benefit of drugs acting through, but also promoting, immunemediated effects.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-11-16.