bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) as a forage for sheep in the temperate high‐rainfall zone of south‐eastern Australia
Authors: Raeside M. C. , Friend M. A. , Behrendt R. , Lawson A. R. , Clark S. G. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractTall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is currently seldom used in the high‐rainfall (>600 mm) zone of south‐eastern Australia. To determine its potential to improve forage availability during the summer‐autumn feed‐deficit period, a field plot‐scale experiment with sheep evaluated a Continental cultivar of tall fescue (cv. Quantum) at Hamilton, Victoria, between September 2006 and January 2009. Four grazing treatments represented set stocking or rotational grazing at the two‐, three‐ or four‐leaf stage, in a completely randomized design with three replications. Grazing treatment effects on tall fescue tiller population dynamics, forage accumulation rates and consumption, sward nutritive value and botanical composition were measured. Results showed tall fescue can persist and support year‐round grazing by sheep, subject to water availability for summer growth from summer rain or on moisture retentive heavy soils. During the summer‐autumn (December–April) vegetative phase, grazing at the three‐leaf stage optimized forage consumption, with no difference in feed value or botanical composition between the grazing treatments during these months. During the reproductive phase (September–November), feed value was highest under set stocking and declined with the production of each successive leaf. Grazing at the three‐ or four‐leaf stage prevented winter weed invasion, but winter forage consumption was low in these treatments. Set stocking or grazing at the two‐leaf stage improved winter forage consumption rates, but these swards were invaded by winter growing weeds.
Interactions between immune system and mesenchymal stem cells in dental pulp and periapical tissues
Authors: Leprince J. G. , Zeitlin B. D. , Tolar M. , Peters O. A. 
Published: March 2012

Leprince JG, Zeitlin BD, Tolar M, Peters OA. Interactions between immune system and mesenchymal stem cells in dental pulp and periapical tissues. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 689–701, 2012.AbstractThe recent isolation and characterization of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in dental tissues constitutes a major step forward in the development of new treatment strategies. MSCs are essential for dental pulp repair and the success of regenerative endodontic procedures. It is important to understand that immune cells and cytokines can affect stem cell function, which can impact their healing potential. On the other hand, stem cells are immunoprivileged and have the ability to modulate immune and inflammatory responses, which can be utilized to improve treatments outcome. This review addresses both aspects of this interaction and suggests that any change on both sides can tip the balance in favour of either persistence of inflammation or healing. Finally, the therapeutic relevance of the interaction between MSCs and immune system relative to current treatments is discussed, and future research and treatment perspectives are suggested.
Assessment of daily exposure of endodontic personnel to extremely low frequency magnetic fields
Authors: Kim D. W. , Choi J. L. , Kwon M. K. , Nam T. J. , Lee S. J. 
Published: March 2012

Kim DW, Choi JL, Kwon MK, Nam TJ, Lee SJ. Assessment of daily exposure of endodontic personnel to extremely low frequency magnetic fields. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 744–748, 2012.AbstractAim  To measure daily exposure levels to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF MFs) in endodontic clinics.Methodology  In total, 10 subjects (five endodontic trainees, five hygienists) participated. Each volunteer wore a 60‐Hz MF measurement device on the left upper arm during working hours. Measurements were taken continuously throughout the working day except at lunch time. Separate measurements were taken for specific items of equipment at several distances.Results  The average MF exposure for the 10 personnel was 0.03 ± 0.04 micro‐Tesla (μT) (range, 0.01–6.4 μT). The average MF exposure of endodontic personnel was lower than that of other hospital personnel according to the literature. Furthermore, all monitored exposure levels were well below the maximum acute exposure level, 500 μT, recommended by the International Committee on Non‐ionizing Radiation Protection for the protection of workers against ELF MFs. However, relatively high levels of exposure occurred in an operating room and X‐ray room, presumably as a result of the use of surgical equipment such as microscopes and monitors, various motors and power cables of X‐ray machines with large current flows.Conclusions  The total average MF exposure level of 0.03 μT was lower than the typical background level at home. Although high levels of exposure were measured in an operating room and X‐ray room, the MF exposure level to dental personnel was minimal during routine endodontic clinical work.
Radiological diagnosis of periapical bone tissue lesions in endodontics: a systematic review
Authors: Petersson A. , Axelsson S. , Davidson T. , Frisk F. , Hakeberg M. , Kvist T. , Norlund A. , Mejàre I. , Portenier I. , Sandberg H. , Tranæus S. , Bergenholtz G. 
Published: March 2012

Petersson A, Axelsson S, Davidson T, Frisk F, Hakeberg M, Kvist T, Norlund A, Mejàre I, Portenier I, Sandberg H, Tranæus S, Bergenholtz G. Radiological diagnosis of periapical bone tissue lesions in endodontics: a systematic review. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 783–801, 2012.AbstractThis systematic review evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of radiographic methods employed to indicate presence/absence and changes over time of periapical bone lesions. Also investigated were the leads radiographic images may give about the nature of the process and the condition of the pulp in nonendodontically treated teeth. Electronic literature search included the databases PubMed, Embase and CENTRAL from January 1950 to June 2011. All languages were accepted provided there was an abstract in English. The MeSH terms were ‘Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)’, ‘Radiography, panoramic’, ‘Periapical diseases’, ‘Dental pulp diseases’, ‘Sensitivity and specificity’, ‘receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve’, ‘Cadaver’, ‘Endodontics’ and ‘Radiography dental’. Two reviewers independently assessed abstracts and full text articles. An article was read in full text if at least one of the two reviewers considered an abstract to be potentially relevant. Altogether, 181 articles were read in full text. The GRADE approach was used to assess the quality of evidence of each radiographic method based on studies of high or moderate quality. Twenty‐six studies fulfilled criteria set for inclusion. None was of high quality; 11 were of moderate quality. There is insufficient evidence that the digital intraoral radiographic technique is diagnostically as accurate as the conventional film technique. The same applies to CBCT. No conclusions can be drawn regarding the accuracy of radiological examination in identifying various forms of periapical bone tissue changes or about the pulpal condition.
Detection of Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia in primary endodontic infections in a Chinese population
Authors: Cao H. , Qi Z. , Jiang H. , Zhao J. , Liu Z. , Tang Z. 
Published: March 2012

Cao H, Qi Z, Jiang H, Zhao J, Liu Z, Tang Z. Detection of Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia in primary endodontic infections in a Chinese population. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 773–781, 2012.AbstractAim  To assess the prevalence of three black‐pigmented bacterial species (Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia) using microarray technology in root canals of teeth associated with primary endodontic infections in a Chinese population.Methodology  Microbial samples were taken from root canals of 80 teeth with pulp necrosis and primary endodontic infections in a Chinese population. DNA extracted from the samples was amplified by PCR with universal bacterial primers based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, and the products hybridized with the microarrays in which the specific oligonucleotide probes were added. The results of hybridization were screened by a confocal laser scanner. Pearson chi‐square test and the two‐sided Fisher exact test were used to analyse whether a significant association existed between the species and symptoms as well as in co‐existence of two target organisms by a statistical software package (SAS 8.02).Results  The 16S rRNA gene microarray detected at least one of the three test species in 76% of the study teeth. P. endodontalis, P. gingivalis and P. intermedia were found in 50%, 33% and 45%, respectively. A significant association was found in the presence of the pair P. endodontalis / P. gingivalis (P < 0.005). Both P. endodontalis (P <0.05) and P. gingivalis (P <0.005) had a statistically significant association with the presence of a sinus tract. The simultaneous presence of P. endodontalis and P. gingivalis was also associated with the presence of a sinus tract (P < 0.005) and abscess formation (P < 0.05).Conclusions  The three black‐pigmented bacteria were prevalent in teeth with pulp necrosis and primary endodontic infections in a Chinese population. P. gingivalis and P. endodontalis were associated with the presence of sinus tract and abscess formation.
Comparison of the anaesthetic efficacy of and heart rate changes after periodontal ligament or intraosseous X‐Tip injection in mandibular molars: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Zarei M. , Ghoddusi J. , Sharifi E. , Forghani M. , Afkhami F. , Marouzi Parviz 
Published: March 2012

Zarei M, Ghoddusi J, Sharifi E, Forghani M, Afkhami F, Marouzi P. Comparison of the anaesthetic efficacy of and heart rate changes after periodontal ligament or intraosseous X‐Tip injection in mandibular molars: a randomized controlled clinical trial. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 921–926, 2012.AbstractAim  To compare the efficacy of supplemental anaesthesia using periodontal ligament injections (PDL) and intraosseous injections with the X‐Tip system in terms of the measured heart rate and patient reported pain level.Methodology  In this single‐blind randomized clinical trial, 40 patients (22 women, 18 men) with irreversible pulpitis who had experienced unsuccessful pain management by inferior alveolar nerve block with 2% lidocaine and 1 : 100 000 epinephrine were selected. Patients were divided equally and randomly into two groups. Supplementary anaesthesia was provided through intraosseous injection with the X‐Tip system (X‐Tip group) or by PDL injection (PDL group). After each step of injection, pain severity was assessed using a visual analogue scale. Patient heart rate was recorded with a pulse oximeter. Data were coded and analysed using Mann–Whitney U‐test with SPSS (version 16) software.Results  Anaesthetic success was obtained in 100% of X‐Tip and 70% of PDL group patients after the first supplemental injection. Compared with the first PDL injection, the first intraosseous injection resulted in a significant increase in heart rate (P = 0.001); however, this increase was short‐lived (mean increase: 9–10 beats per min). No significant difference in heart rate or anaesthesia success was observed between men and women.Conclusion  Intraosseous injection using the X‐Tip system was more effective than PDL injection as a supplementary anaesthetic for pulpectomy in mandibular molars or second premolars. However, the former resulted in a transient increase in heart rate.
Tooth discoloration induced by endodontic materials: a laboratory study
Authors: Lenherr P. , Allgayer N. , Weiger R. , Filippi A. , Attin T. , Krastl G. 
Published: March 2012

Lenherr P, Allgayer N, Weiger R, Filippi A, Attin T, Krastl G. Tooth discoloration induced by endodontic materials: a laboratory study. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 942–949, 2012.AbstractAim  To investigate the discoloration potential of endodontic materials using a bovine tooth model.Methodology  Two hundred and 10 dentine‐enamel cuboid blocks (10 × 10 × 3.5 mm) were prepared out of the middle thirds of bovine tooth crowns. Standardized cavities were prepared in the walls of the pulp chamber leaving 2 mm of enamel and dentine on the labial wall of the crown. The specimens were randomly assigned to 14 groups (n = 15). Endodontic materials were placed into the cavities as follows: group A: empty, group B: blood, group C: calcium hydroxide, group D: ApexCal, group E: Ultracal XS, group F: Ledermix, group G: triple antibiotic paste (3Mix), group H: grey MTA(GMTA), group I: GMTA + blood, group J: white MTA (WMTA), group K: WMTA + blood, group L: Portland cement (PC), group M: PC + blood and group N: AH Plus. The cavities were sealed with composite and stored in water. Standardized colour measurement (VITA Easyshade compact) was performed at the following intervals: prior to (T0) and after placement of the filling (T1), 1 week (T2), 1 month (T3), 3 months (T4), 6 months (T5) and after 1 year (T6). Colour change (ΔE) values were calculated. A two‐way analysis of variance was used to assess significant differences between the endodontic materials. The mean values of all groups were compared using the Tukey multiple comparison test (α = 0.05).Results  Significant differences were detected amongst the experimental groups after 12 months (P < 0.0001). The lowest colour change values were observed in the groups N (AH Plus, 3.2 ± 1.5), A (empty, 3.8 ± 1.4), L (PC, 4.1 ± 1.7), C (calcium hydroxide, 4.7 ± 1.5), E (Ultracal XS, 5.1 ± 1.9) and J (WMTA, 7.9 ± 6.7). The most discoloration was measured in groups G (3Mix, 66.2 ± 9.9) and F (Ledermix, 46.2 ± 11.6). PC showed the best colour stability amongst the Portland cement‐based materials; however, when contaminated with blood (group M), a significantly higher ΔE value (13.6 ± 4.2) was detected (P = 0.032).Conclusion  Materials used in endodontics may stain teeth. Therefore, the choice of material should not rely solely on biological and functional criteria, but also take aesthetic considerations into account.
Detection of endocrine disruptors – from simple assays to whole genome scanning
Authors: Sung E. , Turan N. , Ho P. W.‐L. , Ho S.‐L. , Jarratt P. D. B. , Waring R. H. , Ramsden D. B. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryEndocrine disruptors frequently bear little structural relationship to the hormone whose actions they disrupt. Consequently, the threat of an uninvestigated chemical cannot easily be assessed. Here three different approaches to assessment are discussed. The first presumes an endocrine‐disrupting property, following which a cell model capable of responding to such a hormone is used. Although simple and cheap, it provides limited data. A second approach involves multiple assays to detect multiple hormones. Increasing the amount of data increased the difficulty in assessing the significance of results. To meet this problem, cluster analysis based on a simple mathematical matrix was adopted. The matrix was used to determine (i) a limited number of assays to identify a maximum number of endocrine disruptors and (ii) the chemicals with the most wide‐ranging effects. A third approach was a whole genome expression analysis based on expression of mRNAs in human TE671 medulloblastoma cells. Expression of individual mRNAs was assessed using the Affymetrix GeneChip® Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 chip. The significance of differential expressed genes was assessed based on gene ontology and pathways analyses using DAVID and GenMaPP programs. The results illustrated the very wide‐ranging effects of these chemicals across the genome.
High urinary phthalate concentration associated with delayed pubarche in girls
Authors: Frederiksen H. , Sørensen K. , Mouritsen A. , Aksglaede L. , Hagen C. P. , Petersen J. H. , Skakkebaek N. E. , Andersson A.‐M. , Juul A. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryPhthalates are a group of chemicals present in numerous consumer products. They have anti‐androgenic properties in experimental studies and are suspected to be involved in human male reproductive health problems. A few studies have shown associations between phthalate exposure and changes in pubertal timing among girls, although controversies exist. We determined the concentration of 12 phthalate metabolites in first morning urine samples from 725 healthy Danish girls (aged 5.6–19.1 years) in relation to age, pubertal development (breast and pubic hair stage) and reproductive hormone levels (luteinizing hormone, oestradiol and testosterone). Furthermore, urinary phthalates were determined in 25 girls with precocious puberty (PP). In general, the youngest girls with less advanced pubertal development had the highest first morning urinary concentration of the monobutyl phthalate isoforms (∑MBP(i+n)), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), metabolites of di‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (∑DEHPm) and of di‐iso‐nonyl phthalate (∑DINPm). After stratification of the urinary phthalate excretion into quartiles, we found that the age at pubarche was increasing with increasing phthalate metabolite quartiles (except for MEP). This trend was statistically significant when all phthalate metabolites (except MEP) were summarized and expressed as quartiles. No association between phthalates and breast development was observed. In addition, there were no differences in urinary phthalate metabolite levels between girls with PP and controls. We demonstrated that delayed pubarche, but not thelarche, was associated with high phthalate excretion in urine samples from 725 healthy school girls, which may suggest anti‐androgenic actions of phthalates in our study group of girls.
Nurses’ use of situation awareness in decision‐making: an integrative review
Authors: Stubbings Liz , Chaboyer Wendy , McMurray Anne 
Published: March 2012

stubbings l., chaboyer w. & mcmurray a. (2012) Nurses’ use of situation awareness in decision‐making: an integrative review. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(7), 1443–1453.AbstractAim. To critically review the literature related to situation awareness and clinical decision‐making by nurses.Background.  International recognition that situation awareness positively contributes to clinical decision‐making has led to a growing body of healthcare literature. To date, research has predominately focused on anaesthetists and surgeons using measurement frameworks from the aviation industry. The evidence focussing directly on situation awareness in decision‐making by nurses remains limited.Data sources.  Databases: PROQUEST, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PUBMED.Review methods. An integrative review was undertaken following an extensive literature search with the date range January 1965 – March 2011. English language literature reviews, primary qualitative, quantitative and mixed method studies describing situation awareness in decision‐making by or including nurses were included.Results.  Five empirical studies of nurses’ situation awareness were reviewed. Of these, three included decision‐making and situation awareness by nurses in inter‐professional teams; two related solely to situation awareness and decision‐making by nurses. Findings from the five studies could be grouped under three themes: individual factors influencing situation awareness, interpersonal behaviours influencing situation awareness and situation awareness improving working relationships and patient care.Conclusion.  Further investigation is needed to identify the situation awareness skills that are vital to decision‐making by nurses. Elucidating essential skills sets associated with situation awareness may inform the development of education and training to enhance clinical decision‐making by nurses.
Phylogeography of the medically important mosquito Aedes (Ochlerotatus) vigilax (Diptera: Culicidae) in Australasia
Authors: Puslednik L. , Russell R. C. , Ballard J. W. O. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAim  Within Australia the Carpentaria Barrier has been identified as an important biogeographical barrier. Here we test this long‐standing hypothesis using a medically important mosquito, Aedes (Ochlerotatus) vigilax.Location  We obtained samples of Ae. vigilax from throughout its Australian distribution and from New Caledonia.Methods  We constructed a distributional database from 602,417 specimens and obtained sequence data from 66 female specimens from 16 localities. The distributional database of Ae. vigilax comprised historical data from 13 organizations and was used to develop our molecular sampling strategy. Genetic structure within Ae. vigilax was examined via haplotype networks, FST values, analysis of molecular variance and neutrality test statistics based on one mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, COI) and two nuclear (alpha amalyse and zinc finger) loci. The historical demography of Ae. vigilax was investigated using extended Bayesian skyline plot (EBSP) methods, with past migration rates estimated using migrate.Results  We identified three distinct lineages within Ae. vigilax; however, two of the three lineages show a large distributional overlap across the Carpentaria Barrier. The mitochondrial locus suggested a pattern of significant genetic differentiation, with high FST values, significant genetic differentiation within the COI locus, and significantly more variation between the lineages than within. A higher number of migrants per generation were estimated for the overlapping lineages and both the neutrality test statistics and EBSP suggested the occurrence of post‐population expansion in these lineages.Main conclusions  Significant deviation from genetic neutrality, in combination with estimates of migration and the demographic history of Ae. vigilax lineages, suggests that the incongruence of the Ae. vigilax phylogeny with the hypothesized Carpentaria Barrier could be attributed to the separation of eastern and western populations of Ae. vigilax around 770 ka and subsequent secondary contact within the last 100 kyr. Sea‐level and precipitation fluctuations within the Carpentaria area during the late Quaternary could have facilitated the current biogeographical patterns of Ae. vigilax. Mosquitoes represent one of the most medically important insect groups; however, understanding the factors that influence past and present distributions of mosquitoes is critical in the face of a range of emerging arboviruses.