bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of adenosine receptors expression in rat B lymphocytes by insulin
Authors: Sakowicz‐Burkiewicz Monika , Kocbuch Katarzyna , Grden Marzena , Szutowicz Andrzej , Pawelczyk Tadeusz 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDevelopment of diabetes is associated with altered expression of adenosine receptors (ARs). Some of these alterations might be attributed to changes in insulin concentration. This study was undertaken to investigate the possible insulin effect on ARs level, and to determine the signaling pathway utilized by insulin to regulate the expression of ARs in rat B lymphocytes. Western blot analysis of B lymphocytes protein extracts indicated that all four ARs were present at detectable levels in the cells cultured for 24 h without insulin (≤10−11 M), although the protein band of A2A‐AR was barely visible. Inclusion of insulin (10−8 M) in the culture medium resulted in an increase of A1‐AR and A2A‐AR protein levels and a significant decrease of A2B‐AR protein, whereas the protein level of A3‐AR remained unchanged. Alterations in the ARs protein content were accompanied by changes in the ARs mRNA levels. Increase of the insulin concentration from 10−11 to 10−8 M resulted in 50% decrease of A2B‐AR mRNA level and two‐, and threefold increase of A1‐AR and A2A‐AR mRNA levels, respectively. Pretreatment of B cells with cycloheximide completely blocked the insulin action on A1‐AR and A2A‐AR mRNA, but not on A2B‐AR expression. Detailed pharmacological analysis demonstrated that insulin‐induced A1‐AR and A2A‐AR mRNA expression through the Ras/Raf‐1/MEK/ERK pathway. The insulin effect on A2B‐AR expression was blocked by p38 MAP kinase inhibitor (SB 203580). Concluding, elevated insulin concentration differentially affects the expression of ARs in B lymphocytes in a fashion that might enhance the various immunomodulatory effects of adenosine. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 396–405, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anti‐inflammatory function of Withangulatin A by targeted inhibiting COX‐2 expression via MAPK and NF‐κB pathways
Authors: Sun Lijuan , Liu Jianwen , Cui Daling , Li Jiyu , Yu Youjun , Ma Lei , Hu Lihong 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWithangulatin A (WA), an active component isolated from Physalis angulata L., has been reported to possess anti‐tumor and trypanocidal activities in model systems via multiple biochemical mechanisms. The aim of this study is to investigate its anti‐inflammatory potential and the possible underlying mechanisms. In the current study, WA significantly suppressed mice T lymphocytes proliferation stimulated with LPS in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner and inhibited pro‐inflammation cytokines (IL‐2, IFN‐γ, and IL‐6) dramatically. Moreover, WA targeted inhibited COX‐2 expression mediated by MAPKs and NF‐κB nuclear translocation pathways in mice T lymphocytes, and this result was further confirmed by the COX‐1/2 luciferase reporter assay. Intriguingly, administration of WA inhibited the extent of mice ear swelling and decreased pro‐inflammatory cytokines production in mice blood serum. Based on these evidences, WA influences the mice T lymphocytes function through targeted inhibiting COX‐2 expression via MAPKs and NF‐κB nuclear translocation signaling pathways, and this would make WA a strong candidate for further study as an anti‐inflammatory agent. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 532–541, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Psychometric evaluation of the body investment scale for use with adolescents
Authors: Osman Augustine , Gutierrez Peter M. , Schweers Renae , Fang Qijuan , Holguin‐Mills Rachel L. , Cashin Michael 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe conducted two studies to examine the psychometric properties of the Body Investment Scale (BIS; Orbach & Mikulincer, 1998) in U.S. adolescent samples. The BIS was designed to assess bodily experiences that are associated with suicide‐related behaviors. In Study 1, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with data from a combined sample of 204 high school adolescents (83 boys, 121 girls) and 197 psychiatric inpatient (101 boys, 96 girls) adolescents provided moderate support for the oblique four‐factor solution: Body Feelings (ρ=.86, 95% CI=.83–.89), Body Touch (ρ=.71, 95% CI=.65–.76), Body Care (ρ=.78, 95% CI=.71–.81), and Body Protection (ρ=.78, 95% CI=.73–.82); robust comparative fit index=.88 and the robust Tucker Lewis Index=.83. The second‐order factor model also provided moderate fit to the data. In Study 2, results of the CFA with data from adolescent psychiatric inpatients (N=205; 101 boys, 104 girls) provided additional support for the four‐factor solution. In addition, results of the receiver operating characteristic and logistic regression analyses showed that scores on the Body Feelings and Body Protection scales were most useful in differentiating the responses of suicidal and nonsuicidal adolescents, all Cohen's d values >.30. The study also examined associations between scores on the BIS scales and the validation self‐report measures of hopelessness, suicide‐related behavior, and reasons for living. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 66: 259–276, 2010.
A comparison of the behavioral observation system (BOS) with clinician ratings of psychosis and mania
Authors: Lewis‐Smithson Crystal , Mogge Neil L. , LePage James P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis study investigated the relationship of the behavioral observation system (BOS; LePage & Mogge, 2001) and clinician ratings of psychosis and mania. Fifty interviews with psychiatric inpatients using the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms, the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, and the Young Mania Rating scale were completed. Paraprofessionals completed a BOS on the patient during the same day of the clinician's interview. The results of the study demonstrate the convergent validity of the BOS scales and support the use of the BOS by paraprofessionals to assess behaviors associated with psychosis and mania. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 66: 333–338, 2010.
MDR1a/1b gene silencing enhances drug sensitivity in rat fibroblast‐like synoviocytes
Authors: Honjo Kuniaki , Takahashi Kenji A. , Mazda Osam , Kishida Tsunao , Shinya Masaharu , Tokunaga Daisaku , Arai Yuji , Inoue Atsuo , Hiraoka Nobuyuki , Imanishi Jiro , Kubo Toshikazu 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackgroundDrug resistance mediated by P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) is one of the major reasons for the failure of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) therapy with disease modifying anti‐rheumatic drugs and glucocorticoids. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the in vitro effectiveness of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to render rat fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) susceptible to drugs. We also attempted the electroporation‐mediated transfer of siRNA against multidrug resistance (MDR) genes into rat knee joints.MethodsFLS were transfected with siRNAs corresponding to MDR1a and MDR1b genes. FLS were treated with dexamethasone (DEX) and lipopolysaccharide. The mRNA and protein levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐1β were measured. Both siRNAs were co‐transduced into rat knee joints by an electroporation method and evaluated the target gene expressions in the synovium.ResultsEach siRNA could sequence‐specifically reduce the target gene expression by over 70% and effectively suppressed P‐gp expression and function in the FLS. Both gene expression and protein production of the inflammatory cytokines in the cells transfected with siRNA were reduced by a greater amount compared to in control cells. The in vivo electroporation‐mediated transduction of siRNA could significantly inhibit the target gene expressions.ConclusionsMDR1a/1b gene silencing by siRNA could effectively inhibit P‐gp in rat FLS, resulting in a significant enhancement of the anti‐inflammatory effects of DEX. The in vivo siRNA transduction could successfully silence MDR gene expression in the rat synovium. These findings indicate that the siRNA targeting MDR gene could be a useful tool for treating refractory arthritis in RA. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CD40‐expressing plasmid induces anti‐CD40 antibody and enhances immune responses to DNA vaccination
Authors: Xu Hanqian , Zhao Gan , Huang Xiaoxi , Ding Zheng , Wang Junpeng , Wang Xiao , Cheng Yating , Kang Youmin , Wang Bin 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackgroundVarious approaches have been used to improve the efficacy of DNA vaccination, including the incorporation of molecular adjuvants. Because the CD40 ligand–CD40 interaction plays a major role in initiating immune responses, we sought to develop a molecular adjuvant targeting this interaction.Methods and ResultsWe immunized mice with a foot‐and‐mouth disease virus DNA vaccine, pcD‐VP1, together with a CD40‐expressing plasmid, pcD‐CD40. We found that pcD‐CD40 induced anti‐CD40 antibodies, which temporally correlated with the augmented production of anti‐VP1 antibody. pcD‐CD40 similarly augmented the humoral response of another DNA vaccine that targets hepatitis B virus, and passive transfer of anti‐CD40 antisera also showed a similar effect. Furthermore, the pcD‐CD40‐elicited anti‐CD40 antibodies were able to activate the CD40 signal pathway in antigen‐presenting cells in vitro, which led to the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and DC‐mediated T cell activation. Thus, pcD‐CD40 augments DNA vaccination by inducing anti‐CD40 antibodies, which in turn promotes T cell activation.ConclusionsThis is the first reported ‘proadjuvant’ that augments DNA vaccination indirectly by eliciting agonistic antibodies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous determination of 2‐arachidonoylglycerol, 1‐arachidonoylglycerol and arachidonic acid in mouse brain tissue using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Mei‐Yi , Gao Ying , Btesh Joan , Kagan Natasha , Kerns Edward , Samad Tarek A. , Chanda Pranab K. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractEndocannabinoids (ECs), such as anandamide (AEA) and 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG), modulate a number of physiological processes, including pain, appetite and emotional state. Levels of ECs are tightly controlled by enzymatic biosynthesis and degradationin vivo. However, there is limited knowledge about the enzymes that terminate signaling of the major brain EC, 2‐AG. Identification and quantification of 2‐AG, 1‐AG and arachidonic acid (AA) is important for studying the enzymatic hydrolysis of 2‐AG. We have developed a sensitive and specific quantification method for simultaneous determination of 2‐AG, 1‐AG and AA from mouse brain and adipose tissues by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) using a simple brain sample preparation method. The separations were carried out based on reversed phase chromatography. Optimization of electrospray ionization conditions established the limits of detection (S/N = 3) at 50, 25 and 65 fmol for 2‐AG, 1‐AG and AA, respectively. The methods were selective, precise (%R.S.D. < 10%) and sensitive over a range of 0.02–20, 0.01–10 and 0.05–50 ng/mg tissue for 2‐AG, 1‐AG and AA, respectively. The quantification method was validated with consideration of the matrix effects and the mass spectrometry (MS) responses of the analytes and the deuterium labeled internal standard (IS). The developed methods were applied to study the hydrolysis of 2‐AG from mouse brain extracts containing membrane bound monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), and to measure the basal levels of 2‐AG, 1‐AG and AA in mouse brain and adipose tissues. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collision‐induced dissociative chemical cross‐linking reagent for protein structure characterization: applied Edman chemistry in the gas phase
Authors: Dreiocker Frank , Müller Mathias Q. , Sinz Andrea , Schäfer Mathias 
Published: November 2009

AbstractChemical cross‐linking combined with a subsequent enzymatic digestion and mass spectrometric analysis of the created cross‐linked products presents an alternative approach to assess low‐resolution protein structures and to gain insight into protein interfaces. In this contribution, we report the design of an innovative cross‐linker based on Edman degradation chemistry, which leads to the formation of indicative mass shifted fragment ions and constant neutral losses (CNLs) in electrospray ionization (ESI)‐tandem‐mass spectrometry (MS/MS) product ion mass spectra, allowing an unambiguous identification of cross‐linked peptides. Moreover, the characteristic neutral loss reactions facilitate automated analysis by multiple reaction monitoring suited for high throughput studies with good sensitivity and selectivity. The functioning of the novel cross‐linker relies on the presence of a highly nucleophilic sulfur in a thiourea moiety, safeguarding for effective intramolecular attack leading to predictive and preferred cleavage of a glycyl‐prolyl amide bond. Our innovative analytical concept and the versatile applicability of the collision‐induced dissociative chemical cross‐linking reagent are exemplified for substance P, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone LHRH and lysozyme. The novel cross‐linker is expected to have a broad range of applications for probing protein tertiary structures and for investigating protein–protein interactions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dual‐column capillary microextraction (CME) combined with electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ETV‐ICP‐MS) for the speciation of arsenic in human hair extracts
Authors: Zheng Fei , Hu Bin 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this work, dual‐column capillary microextraction (CME) system consisting of N‐(2‐aminoethyl)‐3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (AAPTS)‐silica coated capillary (C1) and 3‐mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane (MPTS)‐silica coated capillary (C2) was developed for sequential separation/preconcentration of arsenite [As(III)], arsenate [As(V)], monomethylarsonic acid [MMA(V)] and dimethylarsinic acid [DMA(V)] in the extracts of human hair followed by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ETV‐ICP‐MS) detection with iridium as permanent modifier. Various experimental parameters affecting the dual‐column microextraction of different As species had been investigated in detail. It was found that at pH 9, As(V) and MMA could be quantitatively retained by C1 and only As(III) could be quantitatively retained by C2. With the aid of valve switching, As(V)/MMA(V) retained on C1 and As(III) retained on C2 could be sequentially desorbed by 10 µl of 0.01 mol l−1 HNO3 [for As(V)], 0.1 mol l−1 HNO3 [for MMA(V)] and 0.2 mol l−1 HNO3‐3% thiourea (m/v) [for As(III)], respectively, the eluents were immediately introduced into the Ir‐coated graphite tubes for further ETV‐ICP‐MS detection. With two‐step ETV pyrolysis program, Cl− in the sample matrix could be in situ removed, and the total As in the human hair extracts or digested solution could be interference‐free, determined by ETV‐ICP‐MS. DMA(V) in the human hair extracts was obtained by subtraction of total As in the human hair extracts from other three As species. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limits (3 σ) of the method were 3.9 pg ml−1 for As(III), 2.7 pg ml−1 for As(V), 2.6 pg ml−1 for MMA(V) and 124 pg ml−1 for total As with the relative standard deviations less than 7.0% (C = 0.1 ng ml−1, n = 7), and the enrichment factor was 286, 262 and 260 for As(III), As(V) and MMA(V), respectively. The developed method was successfully applied for the speciation of arsenic in the extracts of human hair. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A long‐term survey on the distribution of the human rotavirus G type in Thailand
Authors: Pongsuwannna Yaowapa , Guntapong Ratigorn , Tacharoenmuang Ratana , Prapanpoj Malliga , Kameoka Masanori , Taniguchi Koki 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe distribution of the G type of human rotavirus was surveyed in Thailand between July 1993 and June 2007. A significant yearly change in the distribution of the G type distribution was found. From 1993–1994 to 1998–1999, the G1 type was the most dominant. In 1999–2000, G9 began to appear at a high frequency. In 2000–2001, 2001–2002, and 2002–2003, G9 was very common. In 2003–2004, G1 became the most prevalent type again, and since then it has been detected at the highest frequency. G12 strains, which were first detected in 1998–1999, were also found in 2004–2005 and 2006–2007. The G4 and G3 types were moderately prevalent in 2001–2002 and 2004–2005, respectively. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the VP7 genes of the G9 and G12 strains which reemerged in Thailand showed that they were each similar to the contemporary strains in other countries. J. Med. Virol. 82:157–163, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bioinformatic analysis of the hepadnavirus e‐antigen and its precursor identifies remarkable sequence conservation in all orthohepadnaviruses
Authors: Revill Peter , Yuen Lilly , Walsh Renae , Perrault Marie , Locarnini Stephen , Kramvis Anna 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe hepatitis B e‐antigen (HBeAg) is a non‐particulate secretory protein expressed by all viruses within the family Hepadnaviridae. It is not essential for viral assembly or replication but is important for establishment of persistent infection in vivo. Although the exact mechanism(s) by which the HBeAg manifests chronicity are unclear, the HBeAg elicits both humoral and cell‐mediated immunity, down‐regulates the innate immune response to infection, as well as functioning as a T cell tolerogen and regulating the immune response to the intracellular nucleocapsid. A bioinformatics approach was used to show that the HBeAg and precursory genetic codes share remarkable sequence conservation in all mammalian‐infecting hepadnaviruses, irrespective of host, genotype, or geographic origin. Whilst much of this sequence conservation was within key immunomodulatory epitopes, highest conservation was observed at the unique HBeAg N‐terminus, suggesting this sequence in particular may play an important role in HBeAg function. J. Med. Virol. 82:104–115, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pro‐inflammatory response resulting from sindbis virus infection of human macrophages: Implications for the pathogenesis of viral arthritis
Authors: Assunção‐Miranda Iranaia , Bozza Marcelo T. , Da Poian Andrea T. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSeveral viruses cause acute and chronic joint inflammation in humans, and among them, the alphaviruses are of special interest due to the increasing number of outbreaks in which they are the etiological factor. Sindbis virus (SinV), a member of the Alphavirus genus, is the most widely distributed of all known arboviruses. Although SinV causes arthritis in humans, the molecular and cellular factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease are almost completely unknown. Despite the crucial role of macrophages in the development of arthritis, these cells have not been recognized as potential targets for viruses causing arthritis. In this study, replication of SinV in human macrophages was demonstrated. The infection promoted macrophage activation, leading to the release of macrophage migration inhibitor factor (MIF) from intracellular stores and inducing the expression and secretion of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6. Production of these cytokines was followed by the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 1 and 3, which could be involved in the articular damage that has been observed in disease induced by SinV. The use of different strategies to block MIF action, including an anti‐MIF antibody, the MIF inhibitor ISO‐1 and knockout mice for the MIF gene, showed that cytokine secretion and MMP expression during infection were regulated by MIF, suggesting that this cytokine acts in autocrine and paracrine manner upstream in the macrophage activation cascade. Thus, these are remarkable similarities between macrophage responses induced by SinV infection and those observed in rheumatoid arthritis, despite the different etiologies of infectious and autoimmune arthritides. J. Med. Virol. 82:164–174, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early emergence of raltegravir resistance mutations in patients receiving HAART salvage regimens
Authors: Baldanti Fausto , Paolucci Stefania , Gulminetti Roberto , Brandolini Micaela , Barbarini Giorgio , Maserati Renato 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe emergence of drug‐resistance mutations in HIV‐1 integrase of patients receiving HAART salvage regimens including raltegravir was investigated in 11 heavily pretreated patients (median number of treatment failures 12, range 5–22) within an expanded access program in Pavia, Italy. HIV‐1 RNA levels in plasma, CD4+ T‐cell counts and sequencing of HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase (RT), protease (PR), gp41, and integrase genes were performed at baseline and after 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months. The treatment baseline median HIV‐1 RNA levels in plasma decreased from 7,510 (range 118–407,107) to <50 copies/ml (range <50–7,562), while median CD4+ T‐cell counts remained unchanged (from 212 cells/µl, range 10–764 to 262 cells/µl, range 13–760). Mutations at positions involved in raltegravir resistance (E92G, G140S, Q148H, and N155H) were detected in 4 of 11 (36.3%) patients as early as 1 month after initiating salvage HAART. Of note, the E → G change at codon 92 was not reported previously. In two patients with raltegravir resistance, the simultaneous appearance of additional mutations (Y143R and E170A) with an unclear impact on susceptibility to raltegravir or on integrase activity was observed. It is concluded that raltegravir resistant HIV‐1 strains may emerge as early as 1 month after initiating HAART salvage regimens. A new mutation associated with the emergence of raltegravir resistance is described, and the simultaneous appearance of primary and secondary mutations was observed. The effect of single and multiple mutations on integrase activity, raltegravir susceptibility, and on the capacity of viral replication remains to be elucidated. J. Med. Virol. 82:116–122, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of epoetin beta during combination therapy of infection with hepatitis c virus with ribavirin improves a sustained viral response
Authors: Falasca Katia , Ucciferri Claudio , Mancino Paola , Gorgoretti Valeria , Pizzigallo Eligio , Vecchiet Jacopo 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of epoetin‐beta on anemia and sustained viral response in patients with chronic hepatitis C receiving treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin. Forty‐two Caucasian patients with chronic hepatitis C infection, treated with pegylated interferon α‐2a or α‐2b plus ribavirin, who experienced at least a 2 log decline in HCV‐RNA in the first month of therapy and a ≥2.5 g/dl hemoglobin drop from baseline, were recruited. They were divided into two groups: 22 patients received epoetin‐beta 30,000 U administered s.c. q.w. (group A) and 20 patients received a reduced ribavirin dose of 600 mg daily (group B). The end‐of‐treatment response was 95.4% (21/22) in group A and 80% (16/20) (P = 0.2) in group B. Sustained viral response in group A was 81.8% (18/22), statistically higher than in group B (45%, 9/20) (P = 0.03). Mean corpuscular volume of erythrocytes was statistically lower in group A than in group B 4 weeks after starting epoetin‐beta or reduced ribavirin dose (P < 0.001), end‐of‐treatment (P < 0.001) and after 6 months follow‐up (P < 0.001). A negative correlation between the levels of ferritin serum was found in group A at the baseline and mean corpuscular volume value after 1 month of combination antiviral therapy (r = −0.45; P = 0.35), 4 weeks after starting epoetin‐beta (r = −0.43; P = 0.04) and after 6 months follow‐up (r = −0.45; P = 0.03). Administration of epoetin‐beta increases sustained viral response rates among patients developing anemia, because the standard dose of ribavirin is maintained, thereby reducing the side‐effects of antiviral treatment. J. Med. Virol. 82:49–56, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.