bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the efficacy of parental brushing using powered versus manual tooth brush
Authors: Purushotham Pooja Mysore , Rao Arathi , Natarajan Srikant , Shrikrishna Suprabha Baranya 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Children <5 years of age need parental assistance with tooth brushing.

Purpose:
The aim is to compare the efficacy of manual and powered toothbrushes for plaque removal when used by parents to brush their children's teeth.

Methods:
This randomized, four-period, two-treatment, examiner-blinded, crossover clinical trial comprised children aged 3–5 years. Tooth brushing was performed by the parent using a manual or powered toothbrush. Pre- and post-brushing plaque assessments were performed using the Turesky Modified Quigley-Hein Plaque Index. Differences in plaque scores were calculated using the paired t-test.

Results:
A significant difference (P < 0.001) in the reduction of the plaque score was observed between the manual and powered tooth brushing groups.

Conclusion:
Powered toothbrushes performed significantly better than manual toothbrushes in terms of plaque removal when used by parents to brush their child's teeth.
Comparison of the safety and efficacy of dexmedetomidine with midazolam for the management of paediatric dental patients
Authors: Goswami Mousumi , Sangal Aayushi , Rahman Bushra , Chawla Sakshi 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Pain, fear, and anxiety have long been associated with pediatric dentistry. A child's cooperation with a dental.procedure.usually requires various behavioral management strategies conveyed by the entire dental team. The use of sedatives in dental clinics for providing analgesia and anxiolysis allows the patient to respond appropriately to verbal commands and light tactile stimulation., thus making dental treatment more patient friendly and effective.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of dexmedetomidine versus midazolam for the management of pediatric patients in the dental clinic.

Materials and Methods:
This systematic review was prepared according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Six articles were selected for this systematic review. Of them, only in four articles, homogeneous data were available which were subjected to meta-analysis.

Results:
When compared with midazolam, premedication with dexmedetomidine resulted in much lower incidence of emergence delirium (odds ratio = 0.07, 95% confidence interval: 0.01–0.54, P = 0.01). No significant difference was observed with respect to satisfactory behavior of the child, successful parental separation, and satisfactory mask acceptance following sedation.

Conclusion:
Both dexmedetomidine and midazolam are equally effective for the management of pediatric patients in the dental clinic. In addition, dexmedetomidine premedication is associated with lower incidence of emergence delirium and has a better margin of safety.
Antibacterial efficacy of Carica papaya leaf extract, probiotics, kidodent, and placebo mouthwashes in reduction of salivary Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Rao Dhanu G , Havale Raghavendra , Sara Syeda Subia , Bemalgi Neha , Fatima Badar Omera , Kumar Anand Y 
Published: May 2024

Aim:
To compare the antibacterial efficacy of Kidodent, Probiotics, and Carica papaya Leaf extract mouthwashes in reducing Streptococcus mutans count in 8–12 years' old school children.

Methodology:
Sixty children of age group of 8–12 years were nominated and grouped as Group A (Kidodent mouthwash), Group B (probiotics mouthwash) Group C (C. papaya leaf extract mouthwash), and Group D (distilled water placebo). Probiotics sachets (Prebact) of about 1 g were diluted in 10 ml of water and given as mouthwash. C. papaya leaf extract was obtained by Soxhlet extraction using ethanol as a solvent. Participants were asked to rinse with mouthwashes for 30 s once daily for up to 15 days. Saliva samples were collected and inoculated using Salivarius Mitis and Agar Agar Type I at 38°C for 24 h and incubated, later colony-forming units per milliliter were determined by serial dilution and calculated using colony counter manually. Statistical Analysis: Data were statistically analyzed using the one-way ANOVA and t-test using the SPSS V.20 software.

Results:
Probiotics and C. papaya leaf extract mouthwashes were equally effective as Kidodent in reducing S. mutans count in saliva.

Conclusion:
Probiotics and C. papaya leaf extract mouthwashes manifested potential efficacy in reduction of S. mutans.
Comparative evaluation of diode laser and simvastatin gel in pulpotomy of primary molars
Authors: Aripirala Madhubala , Bansal Kalpana , Mathur Vijay Prakash , Tewari Nitesh , Gupta Pooja , Logani Ajay 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Pulpotomy is a vital pulp therapy performed in carious pulp exposures in teeth in which the inflamed coronal pulp is removed and medicament is placed to conserve the vital root pulps. Recently, simvastatin which is a cholesterol-lowering drug has been found to be associated with the pulp regenerative potential.

Aim:
The aim of this parallel two-arm randomized control trial was to evaluate and compare the clinical and radiographic efficacy of diode laser (DL) and simvastatin gel (SG) in pulpotomy of carious primary molars.

Methods:
Hundred primary molars (in 98 children, 65 males, 33 females with age 4–8 years) requiring pulpotomy were randomized into the DL or SG group. Pulpotomy was performed as per the standardized protocol; thereafter, all teeth were restored with resin modified glass ionomer cement followed by stainless steel crowns. Follow-up evaluations were done at 3 and 12 months using clinical and radiographic criteria. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square test at a significance level of 0.05.

Results:
At 12 months, out of 92 teeth available for clinical and radiographic evaluation by blinded evaluators, DL group showed clinical and radiographic success rates of 76.1% and 52.1%, while SG group showed 80.4% and 65.2% success rates, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the efficacy of two techniques clinically (P = 0.49) or radiographically (P = 0.30).

Conclusions:
Both SG and DL had similar efficacy for primary tooth pulpotomy, clinically and radiographically after 12 months. Considering its ease of application and low-cost, SG can be recommended as a potential pulpotomy medicament in primary molars.
Computer-based assessments in medical education and strategies to curb malpractice in online assessments: Narrative review
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Assessments are an integral part of the medical curriculum delivery process and give a clear indication of whether students have acquired the set competencies. The purpose of the current review is to explore the scope of computer-based assessments (CBA), identify the ways for malpractice in online assessments, and the strategies to curb the incidence of such unfair practices. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was carried out on the PubMed search engine and a total of 25 articles were selected based on their suitability with the current review objectives. Keywords used in the search include CBA and online assessments in the title alone only. CBA has found extensive scope in medical education and it is predominantly due to the fact that they enable teachers to increase the periodicity of assessments. CBAs have been linked with potential challenges, such as the mandatory presence of the Internet, technical support, and investment to establish the assessment system, training of the users, and cheating. In conclusion, many medical institutions are gradually shifting from traditional paper-based assessments to CBA. This move is expected to have some concerns, with the most important being the scope for students to adopt any malpractice during online assessments. However, the employment of standard measures and implementation of a strict protocol is bound to curb the incidence of any such malpractices and thus enables the organizers to conduct fair and transparent examinations.
A Comparative Study of Autologous Serum Therapy and Histaglobulin in Chronic Urticaria: Underutilized Modalities Revisited!
Authors: Ravi Vignesh Nambi , Gurusamy Sukanya , Danny Geo , Nagaraju Sowmya 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim and Objective:
To assess and compare effectiveness of autologous serum therapy and histaglobulin in the treatment of chronic urticaria.

Materials and Methods:
All chronic urticaria patients attending skin Out Patient Department were recruited in the study after informed consent and consideration of the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Urticaria Activity Score (UAS) was assessed after which Autologous Serum Skin Test (ASST) was done. ASST positive patients were divided into two groups, Group A and B and were given autologous serum therapy (AST) and histaglobulin, respectively, whereas ASST negative patients were divided into Group C and Group D and were given AST and histaglobulin, respectively, once a week for 8 consecutive weeks. Levocetrizine 5 mg was administered throughout the study period on an on-demand basis. Urticaria activity score (UAS) was assessed every week.

Results:
AST and histaglobulin showed considerable improvement in UAS irrespective of the ASST status. In addition, patients showed a marked reduction in the daily intake of antihistamines by the end of the study.

Conclusion:
Immunotherapies such as autologous serum therapy and histaglobulin are extremely feasible with minimal to no side effects. Our study highlights the effectiveness of both AST and histaglobulin irrespective of ASST status, and their role in improving the quality of life by reducing the intake of daily antihistamines. Thus, in spite of being underutilized, autologous serum therapy and histaglobulin should be considered as better alternatives among the armamentarium of treatment options already available for chronic urticaria.
Serum Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase and C-Reactive Protein in Essential Hypertension
Authors: Awasthi Richa , Manger Priyanka T. , Katiyar Vivek 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Hypertension is known to be one of the major causes of the global burden of many diseases. It is proving to be a critical medical and public health issue. Previous studies have drawn inconsistent conclusions about the risk of hypertension and its association with gamma-glutamyl transferase and C-reactive protein (CRP). CRP is a marker of systemic inflammation and has been postulated to increase the risk of hypertension. Gamma-glutamyl transferase catalyzes the transfer of gamma-glutamyl functional groups from molecules such as glutathione to an acceptor that may be an amino acid, a peptide, or water. This study was undertaken to evaluate gamma-glutamyl transferase and CRP in essential hypertension and determine the association of these parameters with hypertension, if any.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 104 subjects (52 hypertensive cases and 52 healthy controls) between the ages of 30 and 50 were recruited after imposing certain inclusion and exclusion criteria. Gamma-glutamyl transferase and CRP were estimated using commercially available kits. All the data were tested at a 5% level of significance.

Results:
Mean levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase and CRP were found to be significantly increased in patients with essential hypertension compared to controls. Elevated levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase and CRP are associated with oxidative stress and inflammation, which are in turn considered to be major factors involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, our study suggests that gamma-glutamyl transferase and C-reactive protein are independently associated with hypertension.
Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy findings in adults with dyspepsia younger than 60 years in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Odeghe Emuobor , Oluyemi Aderemi , Oyeleke Ganiyat , Adeniyi Oluwafunmilayo , Nwude Vivian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives:
Recent guidelines from international gastroenterology bodies recommend that upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE) should not be routinely performed in patients with dyspepsia who are younger than 60 years old as the yield for major abnormalities is low. The objectives of this study were to determine the spectrum of UGIE findings in patients with dyspepsia who are younger than 60 years and to document the association of alarm features with UGIE findings in them.

Materials and Methods:
This is a retrospective study of the UGIE records of adult patients younger than 60 years with dyspepsia at five centers in Lagos, Nigeria, between June 2016 and December 2020. UGIE findings were categorized as major (gastric or duodenal ulcers, esophageal varices, masses suspected to be cancer, strictures, and foreign bodies), minor (erosions or inflammation), or normal.

Results:
There were 1499 adult patients with dyspepsia who were younger than 60 years, 796 (53.1%) females, mean age 40.9 ± 9.8 years, and 158 (10.5%) with at least one alarm feature. Major findings were seen in 194 (12.9%), minor findings in 1023 (68.2%), and no abnormalities were seen in 282 (18.8%). Alarm features, or age 40 years and above, were associated with major findings. Half of all gastric cancers were seen in patients younger than 50 years, and of these, 70% occurred within the 40–49 age group.

Conclusion:
This study shows that the prevalence of UGIE findings in patients with dyspepsia who are younger than 60 years is high, and major findings are common in those with alarm features or who are aged 40 years and above. We recommend endoscopy for the evaluation of dyspepsia in those who have alarm features or are aged at least 40 years.
The prognostic significance of the Rockall score evaluation in patients admitted for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in Yaoundé (Cameroon)
Authors: Ndjitoyap Ndam Antonin Wilson , Ayissi Mete Michèle , Nsenga Djapa Guy Roger , Nga Bekolo , Chipekam Ndjifoum Moselle , Kowo Mathurin , Ankouane Andoulo Firmin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives:
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a major emergency. The Rockall score (RS) could be a tool to predict the outcome of patients regarding their risk of re-bleeding and/or death 30 days after admission. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the RS in patients admitted for UGIB in Yaoundé (Cameroon).

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study at two emergency units inYaoundé. We included 101 patients admitted from 2020 to 2021 for a UGIB and obtained the sociodemographic, clinical, and paraclinical data. The outcome 30 days after the admission was assessed (re-bleeding and/or death). We calculated the RS and analyzed the association of an RS ≥ 5 with the death of the patient and/or a re-bleeding 30 days after admission.

Results:
The mean age of patients was 48.5 years, 75 of the 101 were males (74.3%). The main bleeding lesions were portal hypertension in 35 patients (34.7%), gastric ulcers in 32 patients (31.7%), and duodenal ulcers in 30 patients (29.7%). During the 30 days after the admission, we recorded re-bleeding in 21 patients (20.8%) and death in 9 patients (8.9%). The RS was ≥ 5 in 49 patients (48.5%), and this was significantly associated with the re-bleeding (RR 4.5; CI 95% 1.631–12.459; P = 0.001) and with the death (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:
The RS ≥ 5 is associated with a risk of re-bleeding and/or death in patients admitted for a UGIB in Yaoundé regardless of the aetiology.
SAFETY OF BILASTINE IN PATIENTS WITH ALLERGIC RHINITIS
Authors: Себекина О.В. , Малышева М.В. 
Published: May 2024

Аллергический ринит (АР) является недооцененной проблемой. Распространенность и последствия АР таковы, что Всемирная организация по борьбе с аллергией назвала его «глобальной проблемой общественного здравоохранения». Это сложное заболевание, связанное с воспалительной реакцией на аллергены окружающей среды. Терапия включает обучение, оценку сенсибилизации к аллергенам, фармакологическое лечение, иммунотерапию аллергенами (АСИТ). Согласно клиническим рекомендациям, в первой линии терапии АР назначаются неседативные антигистаминные препараты, в частности биластин. Биластин является неседативным H1-антигистаминным препаратом, одобренным для симптоматического лечения пациентов с аллергическим риноконъюнктивитом. Профиль безопасности биластина в клинических исследованиях у пациентов с АР, оцениваемый по типу и частоте нежелательных явлений, был аналогичен таковому плацебо.
Allergic rhinitis is an underestimated problem. The prevalence and consequences of AR have led to its designation as a “global public health problem” by the World Allergy Organisation. It is a complex disease associated with an inflammatory response to environmental allergens. Therapy includes education, assessment of sensitisation to allergens, pharmacological treatment, and allergen immunotherapy (ASIT). According to clinical guidelines, the first line treatment for allergic rhinitis is non-sedative antihistamines, particularly bilastine. Bilastine is a non-sedating H1-antihistamine drug approved for the symptomatic treatment of patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. The safety profile of bilastine in clinical trials in patients with allergic rhinitis, assessed by type and frequency of adverse events, was similar to that of placebo.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BARRIER METHODS IN THE TREATMENT OF ALLERGIC RHINITIS
Authors: Терехова Е.П. , Хамитова Э.И. , Терехов Д.В. 
Published: May 2024

В статье проанализирована эффективность барьерных методов терапии при аллергическом рините. Рассмотрены особенности действия микродисперсного порошка целлюлозы Назаваль® – назального спрея для местного применения в составе комплексной лекарственной терапии аллергического ринита. На основании данных ряда зарубежных и российских исследований показано, что Назаваль® уменьшает клинические симптомы сезонного и круглогодичного АР, эффективен и безопасен, а также способствует улучшению качества жизни пациентов.
The article examines the effectiveness of barrier methods in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. The effects of Nasaval® – a nasal spray for topical application which contains microdispersed cellulose powder as part of a complex treatment for allergic rhinitis are being discussed. According to the data from numerous foreign and Russian studies Nasaval® reduces the clinical symptoms of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis, it is effective and safe and improves the quality of life of patients.
ՀՀ արտաքին առևտրի վերլուծությունը ԵԱՏՄ անդամակցության շրջանակներում
Authors: Հայրապետյան Գրիգոր 
Published: May 2024

Վերջին երկու տասնյամյակի ընթացքում համաշխարհային տնտեսության մեջ զգալիորեն աճել է տարածաշրջանային տնտեսական ինտեգրացիոն խմբավորումների դերակատարումը և նշանակությունը։ 2015թ․ ի վեր ՀՀ-ն հանդիսանում է ԵԱՏՄ անդամ և ներկայումս արտաքին առևտրում կիրառում է ԵԱՏՄ միասնական մաքսային սակագներ։ Հոդվածում ներկայացվել են ՀՀ արտաքին առևտրի և ՀՀ-ԵԱՏՄ արտաքին առևտրի առանձնահատկությունները։ Մասնավորապես, հիմնավորվել է, որ ԵԱՏՄ միասնական մաքսային սակագների կիրառումը կնպաստի ՀՀ տեղական արտադրության զարգացմանը, առաջ է քաշվել ԵԱՏՄ անդամ երկրների ընկերությունների միջև կոոպերացիայի անհրաժեշտությունը, ինչպես նաև բացահայտվել է, որ դեպի ԵԱՏՄ անդամ երկրներ ՀՀ-ն արտահանում է ավելի մեծ հավելյալ արժեք ունեցող ապրանքներ, քան մյուս երկրներ և տարածաշրջաններ։ Վերլուծության ընթացքում պարզվել է, որ չնայած բոլոր բարդություններին ՀՀ արտաքին առևտուրը ԵԱՏՄ անդամ երկրների հետ զարգանում է, իսկ ԵԱՏՄ անդամակցությունը ՀՀ տնտեսության համար երկրաժամկետ հատվածում կարող է ապահովել կայուն տնտեսական աճ։
Fostering product development efficiency through cross-functional team leadership: Insights and strategies from industry experts
Authors: Ayodeji Enoch Adegbola  , Mayokun Daniel Adegbola  , Prisca Amajuoyi  , Lucky Bamidele Benjamin  , Kudirat Bukola Adeusi  
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the impact of leadership models on the efficiency and innovation outcomes of cross-functional teams (CFTs) in product development contexts. With the aim of identifying effective leadership practices, the research focuses on how transformational, shared, and situational leadership models influence team dynamics, communication, collaboration, and ultimately, product development efficiency. Employing a systematic literature review combined with content analysis, the study analyzes peer-reviewed articles and scholarly books published from 2013 to 2024. This methodology facilitates a comprehensive examination of current leadership models and their applicability to CFTs. Key findings reveal that transformational leadership inspires and motivates team members, shared leadership enhances ownership and accountability, and situational leadership adapts to the dynamic needs of product development projects. These leadership models significantly contribute to fostering an environment conducive to open communication and collaboration, driving innovation and efficiency in product development processes. Based on these insights, strategic recommendations for industry leaders include adopting flexible leadership styles, promoting open communication, encouraging shared leadership, and investing in leadership development. These strategies are pivotal for leveraging the diverse expertise within CFTs and enhancing product development outcomes. The study underscores the critical role of leadership in maximizing the potential of CFTs for innovation and efficiency. It highlights the need for leaders to adapt their strategies to the unique challenges of managing diverse teams, offering a path forward for effective team leadership in product development.
Keywords: Cross-functional teams, Leadership models, Product development efficiency, Innovation outcomes.
PERANCANGAN E-MARKETPLACE DI DINAS KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN KABUPATEN TAPUNULI TENGAH
Authors: Situmeang Risky Akbar , Raissa Amanda Putri  , Fathiyah Hasyifah Sibarani  
Published: May 2024

This study aims to design, create, and assess an electronic market at the Marine and Fisheries Agency of Central Tapanuli Regency as a means to improve the economy of coastal towns. The main objective is to increase market access, product value, and income of coastal communities in the marine and fisheries sector. This R&D system development process uses the Waterfall approach, with the System Usability Scale (SUS) method used to assess user satisfaction. The system was developed using the Laravel framework, CSS, Figma, and MySQL. Suggestions for the long-term development of this e-marketplace include collaboration, local adaptation, and user education.

Keywords: E-marketplace, Coastal economy, System Usability Scale (SUS).