bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of heterogeneity on unsaturated hydraulic properties: (1) local heterogeneity and scale effect
Authors: Chen Pen‐Yuan , Chen Chu‐Hui , Hsu Nien‐Sheng , Wu Cheng‐Mau , Wen Jet‐Chau 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSpatial heterogeneity is ubiquitous in nature, which may significantly affect the soil hydraulic property curves. The models of a closed‐form functional relationship of soil hydraulic property curves (e.g. VG model or exponential model) are valid at point or local scale based on a point‐scale hydrological process, but how do scale effects of heterogeneity have an influence on the parameters of these models when the models are used in a larger scale process? This paper uses a two‐dimensional variably saturated flow and solute transport finite element model (VSAFT2) to simulate variations of pressure and moisture content in the soil flume under a constant head boundary condition. By changing different numerical simulation block sizes, a quantitative evaluation of parameter variations in the VG model, resulting from the scale effects, is presented. Results show that the parameters of soil hydraulic properties are independent of scale in homogeneous media. Parameters of α and n in homogeneous media, which are estimated by using the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity curve (UHC) or the soil water retention curve (WRC), are identical. Variations of local heterogeneities strongly affect the soil hydraulic properties, and the scale affects the results of the parameter estimations when numerical experiments are conducted. Furthermore, the discrepancy of each curve becomes considerable when moisture content becomes closer to a dry situation. Parameters estimated by UHC are totally different from the ones estimated by WRC. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parathyroidectomy improves bone geometry and microarchitecture in female patients with primary hyperparathyroidism: A one-year prospective controlled study using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography
Authors: Hansen Stinus , Hauge Ellen M , Rasmussen Lars , Jensen Jens-Erik Beck , Brixen Kim 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Following parathyroidectomy (PTX), bone mineral density (BMD) increases in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), yet information is scarce concerning changes in bone structure and strength following normalization of parathyroid hormone levels postsurgery. In this 1-year prospective controlled study, high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) was used to evaluate changes in bone geometry, volumetric BMD (vBMD), microarchitecture, and estimated strength in female patients with PHPT before and 1 year after PTX, compared to healthy controls. Twenty-seven women successfully treated with PTX (median age 62 years; range, 44–75 years) and 31 controls (median age 63 years; range, 40–76 years) recruited by random sampling from the general population were studied using HR-pQCT of the distal radius and tibia as well as with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the forearm, spine, and hip. The two groups were comparable with respect to age, height, weight, and menopausal status. In both radius and tibia, cortical (Ct.) vBMD and Ct. thickness increased or were maintained in patients and decreased in controls (p &lt; 0.01). Radius cancellous bone architecture was improved in patients through increased trabecular number and decreased trabecular spacing compared with changes in controls (p &lt; 0.05). No significant cancellous bone changes were observed in tibia. Estimated bone failure load by finite element modeling increased in patients in radius but declined in controls (p &lt; 0.001). Similar, albeit borderline significant changes in estimated failure load were found in tibia (p = 0.06). This study showed that females with PHPT had improvements in cortical bone geometry and increases in cortical and trabecular vBMD in both radius and tibia along with improvements in cancellous bone architecture and estimated strength in radius 1 year after PTX, reversing or attenuating age-related changes observed in controls. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
SOCS2 is the critical regulator of GH action in murine growth plate chondrogenesis
Authors: Pass Chloe , MacRae Vicky Elizabeth , Huesa Carmen , Faisal Ahmed S , Farquharson Colin 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-2 (SOCS2) is a negative regulator of growth hormone (GH) signaling and bone growth via inhibition of the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway. This has been classically demonstrated by the overgrowth phenotype of SOCS2−/− mice, which has normal systemic insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels. The local effects of GH on bone growth are equivocal, and therefore this study aimed to understand better the SOCS2 signaling mechanisms mediating the local actions of GH on epiphyseal chondrocytes and bone growth. SOCS2, in contrast to SOCS1 and SOCS3 expression, was increased in cultured chondrocytes after GH challenge. Gain- and loss-of-function studies indicated that GH-stimulated chondrocyte STATs-1, -3, and -5 phosphorylation was increased in SOCS2−/− chondrocytes but not in cells overexpressing SOCS2. This increased chondrocyte STAT signaling in the absence of SOCS2 is likely to explain the observed GH stimulation of longitudinal growth of cultured SOCS2−/− embryonic metatarsals and the proliferation of chondrocytes within. Consistent with this metatarsal data, bone growth rates, growth plate widths, and chondrocyte proliferation were all increased in SOCS2−/− 6-week-old mice as was the number of phosphorylated STAT-5–positive hypertrophic chondrocytes. The SOCS2−/− mouse represents a valid model for studying the local effects of GH on bone growth. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation to promote bone healing
Authors: Gao Chan , Seuntjens Jan , Kaufman Gabriel N. , Tran‐Khanh Nicolas , Butler Alison , Li Ailian , Wang Huifen , Buschmann Michael D. , Harvey Edward J. , Henderson Janet E. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAn overall decline in the availability of osteogenic precursor cells and growth factors in the bone marrow microenvironment have been associated with impaired bone formation and osteopenia in humans. The objective of the current study was to determine if transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) from a healthy, young donor mouse into an osteopenic recipient mouse could enhance osseointegration of a femoral implant. MSC harvested from normal young adult mice differentiated into bone forming osteoblasts when cultured on implant grade titanium surfaces ex vivo and promoted bone formation around titanium‐coated rods implanted in the femoral canal of osteopenic recipient mice. Micro computed tomographic imaging and histological analyses showed more, better quality, bone in the femur that received the MSC transplant compared with the contra‐lateral control femur that received carrier alone. These results provide pre‐clinical evidence that MSC transplantation promotes peri‐implant bone regeneration and suggest the approach could be used in a clinical setting to enhance bone regeneration and healing in patients with poor quality bone. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1183–1189, 2012
Micro‐CT visualization of the cricothyroid joint cavity in cadavers
Authors: Chen Shengguo , Wang Huaqiao , Fong Amy Hui Yu , Zhang Ming 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To directly visualize the cricothyroid joint (CTJ) cavity of the human cadaver and to correlate the appearance of the CTJ cavity to its fibrous capsule.Study Design:Prospective.Methods:Twenty‐five cadavers (nine females and 16 males; age range, 67–95 years) were used for gross anatomy, micro‐computed tomography (CT) arthrography, histology, E12 sheet plastination, and magnetic resonance imaging examinations. The cadavers were donated for the purposes of teaching and research under the Human Tissues Act.Results:Using micro‐CT arthrography with intra‐articular filling and sheet plastination technique, this study demonstrated that the dimension of the CTJ cavity was much larger than that of the articular surfaces, particularly at the superior and anterior aspects of the joint. Connective tissue fibers were regularly orientated and significantly strengthened in the posterior and inferior aspects of the CTJ capsule. Such fibrous configuration appeared to enhance the strength of the capsule itself rather than to shorten the distance between the articular surfaces. The size of the direct contact area of the opposing articular surfaces varied significantly between the sides of the same subject and among individuals.Conclusions:This study supports the general view that the cricoid cartilage rotates in a visor‐like fashion on the inferior cornu of the thyroid cartilage. However, the pivot for the CTJ rotation appears wobbly. The wobbly pivot may increase the joint mobility as the rotation allows the horizontal and vertical gliding movements of the CTJ.
Silk‐Based Nanocomplexes with Tumor‐Homing Peptides for Tumor‐Specific Gene Delivery
Authors: Numata Keiji , Mieszawska‐Czajkowska Aneta J. , Kvenvold Laura A. , Kaplan David L. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractNanoscale complexes of recombinant silk molecules containing THPs with DNA are designed as less cytotoxic and highly target‐specific gene carriers. Genetically engineered silk proteins containing poly(L‐lysine) domains to interact with pDNA and the THP to bind to specific tumorigenic cells for target‐specific pDNA delivery are prepared, followed by in vitro transfection into MDA‐MB‐435 melanoma cells, highly metastatic human breast tumor MDA‐MB‐231 cells, and non‐tumorigenic MCF‐10A breast epithelial cells. The silk/poly(L‐lysine) block copolymer containing Lyp1 (ML‐Lyp1) shows significant differences from silk/poly(L‐lysine) block copolymer containing F3 (ML‐F3) in cytotoxicity to MCF10A cells. ML‐F3 is the most promising candidate for target delivery into tumorigenic cells.magnified image
Opportunity costs: Their place in the theory and practice of production
Authors: Jensen Oscar W. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe concept of opportunity cost, or foregone opportunities, is central to the economists' discussion of full costs. In many of these discussions opportunity cost in exchange is emphasized, while the opportunity costs in production are not fully discussed and embellished. It is the purpose of this paper to expand upon the notion of opportunity cost in production and demonstrate that, under general conditions, the full costs of economic theory may often illuminate the alternatives of a management decision problem.
Profit maximization and marketing strategies: Demand rotation and social influences
Authors: Aislabie C. J. , Tisdell C. A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMicroeconomic texts discuss alterations in industry demand curves as movements to higher or lower levels. Consider, instead, the implications for a monopolist's profit of rotating its (linear) demand curve. Where this can be done without cost by pivoting at the current price it will be profitable to continue to pivot the curve until it is horizontal or vertical. The possibility of rotating the demand curve of a ‘new’ product on an arbitrarily selected price allows us to consider the optimality of different advertising strategies (‘bandwagon’ or 'snob').
Expanding the spectrum of monoclonal light chain deposition disease in muscle
Authors: Ostrow Lyle W. , Corse Andrea M. , Morrison Brett M. , Huff Carol A. , Carrino John A. , Hoke Ahmet , Mammen Andrew L. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIntroduction:The diagnosis of amyloid myopathy is delayed when monoclonal gammopathies are not detected on initial testing and muscle biopsies are nondiagnostic, and the EMG and symptoms can mimic an inflammatory myopathy.Methods:Case report of a patient presenting with severe progressive muscle weakness of unclear etiology despite an extensive workup including two nondiagnostic muscle biopsies.Results:Directed by MRI, a third biopsy revealed amyloid angiopathy and noncongophilic kappa light chain deposition in scattered subsarcolemmal rings and perimysial regions. A serum free light chain (FLC) assay revealed a kappa monoclonal gammopathy, which was not detected by multiple immunofixations.Conclusions:The spectrum of immunoglobulin deposition in muscle is similar to other organs. It comprises a continuum that includes parenchymal amyloid deposition, amyloid angiopathy, and noncongophilic Light Chain Deposition Disease (LCDD). We recommend including the FLC assay in the routine investigation for monoclonal gammopathies. This case also highlights the value of MRI‐guided muscle biopsy. Muscle Nerve, 2012
The risk of hematoma following extensive electromyography of the lumbar paraspinal muscles
Authors: London Zachary , Quint Douglas J. , Haig Andrew J. , Yamakawa Karen S.J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIntroduction: The purpose of this study is to provide a controlled trial looking at the risk of paraspinal hematoma formation following extensive paraspinal muscle electromyography. Methods: 54 subjects ages 55–80 underwent MRI of the lumbar spine before or shortly after electromyography using the paraspinal mapping technique. A neuroradiologist, blinded to the temporal relationship between the EMG and MRI, reviewed the MRIs to look for hematomas in or around the paraspinal muscles. Results: Two MRIs demonstrated definite paraspinal hematomas, while 10 were found to have possible hematomas. All hematomas were < 15 mm, and none were close to any neural structures. There was no relationship between MRI evidence of hematoma and either the timing of the EMG or the use of aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. Conclusions: Paraspinal electromyography can be considered safe in the general population and those taking nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. Muscle Nerve 46:26–30, 2012
Hydrophobically modified poly[(divinyl ether)‐co‐(maleic anhydride)]: interactions with cyclodextrin derivatives and hydrogel formation
Authors: Bernert Dominika B. , Böhm Indra , Isenbügel Kathrin , Schönenberg Lisa , Ritter Helmut 
Published: January 2012

AbstractHydrolyzed cyclocopolymer prepared from divinyl ether and maleic anhydride, poly[(divinyl ether)‐co‐(maleic anhydride)] (DIVEMA), was functionalized with aminoadamantane and subsequently compared with the hydrolyzed DIVEMA with respect to physicochemical properties. The complexation behavior of adamantyl modified DIVEMA with cyclodextrin derivatives was examined by dynamic light scattering, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and zeta potential. The scattering studies indicated the formation of well‐defined aggregated structures with an average diameter of 120 nm. These aggregated structures collapsed on addition of randomly methylated β‐cyclodextrin to give 4.2 nm in hydrodynamic diameter. Interactions with crosslinked β‐cyclodextrins indicated gel formation which was analyzed by means of rheology and temperature‐dependent viscosity showing disaggregation of the host‐guest system at 42 °C. This novel physical hydrogel is very interesting for medical applications as a drug delivery system with included anti‐tumor activity. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Quantitative RT‐PCR analysis of PSA and prostate‐specific membrane antigen mRNA to detect circulating tumor cells improves recurrence‐free survival nomogram prediction after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Yates David R. , Rouprêt Morgan , Drouin Sarah J. , Comperat Eva , Ricci Sylvie , Lacave Roger , Sèbe Philippe , Cancel‐Tassin Geraldine , Bitker Marc‐Olivier , Cussenot Olivier 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDCirculating tumor cell (CTC) analysis is a potential new biomarker in prostate cancer. We hypothesize that quantitative detection of CTCs in patients pre‐ and post‐radical prostatectomy (RP) using quantitative TaqMan® fluorogenic RT‐PCR will improve the accuracy of the Kattan nomogram to predict the probability of recurrence‐free survival (RFS) post‐RP.METHODSNinty‐two patients who underwent RP between 2004 and 2009 had venous blood samples taken pre‐ (Day − 1) and post‐operatively (Day + 7). We performed quantitative Taqman® RT‐PCR to detect circulating prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) and prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) mRNA. We calculated both the logarithmic ratio of Day + 7/Day − 1 for PSA (PSAr) and PSMA (PSMAr) expression (logDay+7/Day−1) and the Kattan nomogram predicted probability of disease recurrence for each patient. We then analyzed how the AUC‐ROC analysis for the Kattan nomogram prediction alone (K) compared to the addition of the PSAr and PSMAr in predicting 5‐year RFS.RESULTSThe mean age (years), PSA (ng/ml), and follow‐up (mo) was 65.1, 9.13, and 72, respectively. The AUCs for K, PSAr + K, and PSMAr + K were 0.752 (95%CI 0.620–0.860), 0.830 (95%CI 0.740–0.911), and 0.837 (95%CI 0.613–0.923), respectively (P = 0.03). The Kattan 5‐year PSA RFS was 75%. The actual 5‐year PSA RFS survival rate was 77%.CONCLUSIONSData from modern quantitative RT‐PCR to detect circulating prostate‐derived PSA and PSM mRNA pre‐ and post‐RP improves the accuracy of the Kattan nomogram to predict biochemical recurrence. Prostate 72:1382–1388, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The First Monomeric β‐Diketiminate Stabilized Four‐Coordinated Bismuth(III) Bistrifluoromethanesulfonate
Authors: Suresh Paladugu , Sathyanarayana Arruri , Prabusankar Ganesan , Hernandez Olivier , Golhen Stéphane 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe sterically encumbered β‐diketiminate bismuth(III) bistriflate, LBi(OSO2CF3)2 [L = HC{(CMe)N(2, 6‐iPr2C6H3)}2] (2) was prepared from a facile one‐pot reaction between potassium β‐diketiminate LK (1) and bismuth(III) triflate. It was characterized by elemental analysis, FT‐IR, 1H NMR,13C NMR, and 19F NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structure of 2 was further confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. The solid‐state structure of 2 reveals a first structurally characterized monomeric β‐diketiminate supported group 15 bistriflate. The coordination number of bismuth is four.
Cs3(O3)2(O2)·NH3: the First Mixed Alkali Metal Ozonide Super­oxide
Authors: Nuss Hanne , Jansen Martin 
Published: January 2012

AbstractCs3(O3)2(O2)·NH3 was prepared by the reaction of CsO3 and CsO2, in the presence of traces of NH4Cl, in liquid ammonia. It is the first example of a mixed alkali metal ozonide superoxide. The title compound crystallizes in the trigonal space group P3121 (No.152) with a = 929.02(3) and c = 1028.63(8) pm and three formula units per unit cell. The cesium cations, O3– and O2– together build a honeycomb‐like framework structure with channels extending along [001]. The channels are occupied by ammonia molecules.
Hétéromutilation pénienne: à propos d’un cas à la clinique universitaire d’urologie-andrologie du centre national hospitalier universitaire Hubert-Koutoukou-Maga (CNHU HKM) de Cotonou (Bénin)
Authors: Hodonou K. Z. R. , Avakoudjo J. , Hodonou D. F. J. -M. , Ouattara A. , Yevi M. , Gandaho I. , Cissé D. , Akpo E. C. 
Published: January 2012

Résumé
Traumatismes rares, les amputations du pénis sont le plus souvent retrouvées dans le cadre d’automutilation chez des patients présentant un problème psychiatrique. Nous rapportons un cas d’amputation traumatique du pénis par agression physique. La section du pénis est située à 3 cm de sa base avec le segment sectionné non retrouvé. La prise en charge du patient a été double. Dans un premier temps, en urgence il a été réalisé une chirurgie d’hémostase, de régularisation du moignon et de mise en place d’une sonde urinaire, puis d’une prise en charge psychologique et psychiatrique dans un second temps. L’évolution est favorable avec une bonne cicatrisation du moignon et une amélioration de l’état psychiatrique sous antidépresseur. Des méthodes de chirurgie reconstructrice, telles les greffes, pourraient être envisagées.
Three-dimensional Lagrangian Voronoï analysis for clustering of particles and bubbles in turbulence
Authors: Tagawa Yoshiyuki , Mercado Julián Martínez , Prakash Vivek N. , Calzavarini Enrico , Sun Chao , Lohse Detlef 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThree-dimensional Voronoï analysis is used to quantify the clustering of inertial particles in homogeneous isotropic turbulence using data sets from numerics in the point particle limit and one experimental data set. We study the clustering behaviour at different density ratios, particle response times (i.e. Stokes numbers $\mathit{St}$) and two Taylor–Reynolds numbers (${\mathit{Re}}_{\lambda } = 75$ and 180). The probability density functions (p.d.f.s) of the Voronoï cell volumes of light and heavy particles show different behaviour from that of randomly distributed particles, i.e. fluid tracers, implying that clustering is present. The standard deviation of the p.d.f. normalized by that of randomly distributed particles is used to quantify the clustering. The clustering for both light and heavy particles is stronger for higher ${\mathit{Re}}_{\lambda } $. Light particles show maximum clustering for $\mathit{St}$ around 1–2 for both Taylor–Reynolds numbers. The experimental data set shows reasonable agreement with the numerical results. The results are consistent with previous investigations employing other approaches to quantify the clustering. We also present the joint p.d.f.s of enstrophy and Voronoï volumes and their Lagrangian autocorrelations. The small Voronoï volumes of light particles correspond to regions of higher enstrophy than those of heavy particles, indicating that light particles cluster in higher vorticity regions. The Lagrangian temporal autocorrelation function of Voronoï volumes shows that the clustering of light particles lasts much longer than that of heavy or neutrally buoyant particles. Due to inertial effects arising from the density contrast with the surrounding liquid, light and heavy particles remain clustered for much longer times than the flow structures which cause the clustering.
Instabilities and turbulence in magnetohydrodynamic flow in a toroidal duct prior to transition in Hartmann layers
Authors: Zhao Yurong , Zikanov Oleg 
Published: January 2012

AbstractFlow of an electrically conducting fluid in a toroidal duct of square cross-section is analysed. The flow is driven by the azimuthal Lorentz force resulting from the interaction between the radial electric currents created by the difference of electric potential maintained between the cylinder walls and the strong magnetic field imposed in the axial direction. The flow geometry and the value of the Hartmann number correspond to the experiment of Moresco & Alboussière (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 504, 2004, pp. 167–181). The purpose of the analysis is to reveal the flow features at Reynolds numbers below the threshold of transition to turbulence in Hartmann layers. We find that the flow experiences a complex evolution. The laminar base flow experiences the first instability at the Reynolds number significantly smaller than that of the threshold. The instability is axisymmetric and oscillatory. Turbulence appears at a slightly higher Reynolds number. Right up to the Hartmann layer instability, the turbulence remains localized in a layer near the outer cylinder wall. It is demonstrated that the turbulence may affect the transition in the Hartmann layers via unsteady forcing of the outer flow.