bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is there a role for oral human immunoglobulin in the treatment for norovirus enteritis in immunocompromised patients?
Authors: Florescu Diana F. , Hermsen Elizabeth D. , Kwon Joong Y. , Gumeel Dalal , Grant Wendy J. , Mercer David F. , Kalil Andre C. 
Published: August 2011

Florescu DF, Hermsen ED, Kwon JY, Gumeel D, Grant WJ, Mercer DF, Kalil AC. Is there a role for oral human immunoglobulin in the treatment for norovirus enteritis in immunocompromised patients? Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15: 718–721. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  No treatment for NVE is available. Immunocompromised patients with NVE treated with OHIG (12 cases) were retrospectively identified and matched 1:1 by age and gender with immunocompromised patients with NVE not treated with OHIG (12 controls). Chi–squared test, t‐test, bivariate conditional linear regression analyses, and Kaplan–Meier curve were performed. A total of 58.3% patients were small bowel transplant (SBT) recipients. Although not statistically significant, cases compared with controls were more likely to have had induction therapy (p = 0.25, OR = 65.3), higher peak tacrolimus levels (p = 0.43, OR = 1.04), SBT (p = 0.30, OR = 65.3), prior NVE (p = 0.42, OR = 2.0), TPN support (p = 0.42 OR = 2.0), and decrease in immunosuppression (p = 0.14, OR = 5.0). Treatment with OHIG favored resolution of diarrhea (p = 0.078, OR = 65.3) and decreased stool output seven days after treatment compared with controls (mean difference 11.95 mL/kg/day, p = 0.09). OHIG did not impact total time to resolution of diarrhea (mean 12.08 vs. 11.91 days; p = 0.63), length of hospital stay (p = 0.31, OR = 1.05), or cost of hospitalization (p = 0.32, OR = 1.0). We show a potential role of OHIG treatment for NVE. Resolution of diarrhea and decreased stool output were observed at seven days; no benefit was found for length of hospital stay or hospital cost.
Severe calcification of the aorta (porcelain aorta) associated with sarcoidosis in a pediatric heart transplant recipient
Authors: Das Bibhuti B. , Shoemaker Lawrence , Kim Edward , Mascio Christopher E. , Austin Erle H. 
Published: August 2011

Das BB, Shoemaker L, Kim E, Mascio CE, Austin EH. Severe calcification of the aorta (porcelain aorta) associated with sarcoidosis in a pediatric heart transplant recipient.Abstract:  We report a unique case of severe calcification of the aorta, bilateral coronary ostial stenoses and calcification of the mitral valve and left ventricle due to sarcoidosis. The patient underwent neonatal orthotopic heart transplantation secondary to hypoplastic left heart syndrome and developed hypercalcemia with other features of sarcoidosis at 10 yr of age. The mechanism for severe extra‐renal calcification localized to the allograft is poorly understood, but may involve discordant local immune modulation and/or calcification‐regulation between graft and host tissues.
Impact of donor cardiopulmonary resuscitation on pediatric heart transplant outcome
Authors: L’Ecuyer Thomas , Sloan Katherine , Tang Liwen 
Published: August 2011

L’Ecuyer T, Sloan K, Tang L. Impact of donor cardiopulmonary resuscitation on pediatric heart transplant outcome. Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15: 742–745. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Mortality is the highest of any solid organ in pediatric patients awaiting heart transplantation. Strategies to increase the donor pool are needed if survival to transplant is to improve. There can be reluctance to accept pediatric hearts for transplantation if the donor has received cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This study asked if donor CPR impacts the survival of pediatric heart transplant recipients. Analysis of the UNOS database was performed for all cardiac transplants performed in patients aged 0–18 yr, with donors classified as to whether they received CPR (CPR+) or not (CPR−). We compared overall survival and survival at 30 days, one yr, and five yr between groups. Within the CPR+ group, the impact of duration of CPR on survival was compared. The need for inotropic support and ejection fraction was compared between donor groups as a measure of organ function. Overall survival and survival at 30 days, one yr, and five yr did not differ in the CPR+ compared to the CPR− group. Within the CPR+ group, duration of CPR was unrelated to post‐transplant survival. The need for inotropic support at procurement was similar, and ejection fraction did not differ between the CPR+ and CPR− groups. Donor CPR does not have a negative impact on pediatric heart transplant survival.
The impact of age at transfer from pediatric to adult‐oriented care on renal allograft survival
Authors: Foster Bethany J. , Platt Robert W. , Dahhou Mourad , Zhang Xun , Bell Lorraine E. , Hanley James A. 
Published: August 2011

Foster BJ, Platt RW, Dahhou M, Zhang X, Bell LE, Hanley JA. The impact of age at transfer from pediatric to adult‐oriented care on renal allograft survival. Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15: 750–759. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Immaturity among individuals transferred from pediatric to adult‐oriented care at a young age may leave them vulnerable to higher graft failure risks than in individuals transferred older. We sought to determine the impact of age at transfer on renal allograft failure rates. We evaluated graft failure rates among 440 kidney recipients recorded in the UNOS database (1987–2007), who had been transferred from pediatric to adult care. Transfers were identified using the center codes recorded at yearly data collection. Failure rates for those transferred early (<21 yr old) were compared with rates for those transferred late (≥21 yr old); time‐dependent Cox models were used to estimate the additional risk of graft failure associated with early vs. late transfer. The age‐standardized failure rate was 12.9 per 100 person‐years among those transferred early, and 8.7 per 100 person‐years among those transferred late. Compared with individuals the same age who had transferred late, graft failure rates were 58% higher ([95% confidence interval: 7%, 134%], p = 0.02) among those who had transferred early. Younger age at transfer to adult care is associated with higher graft failure rates. Transfer to adult‐oriented care at <21 yr of age should be undertaken with caution.
Colocolonic intussusception in a four‐yr‐old with a heart transplant: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Sanchez Sabrina , Javid Patrick , Ricca Robert , Avansino Jeffrey 
Published: August 2011

Sanchez S, Javid P, Ricca R, Avansino J. Colocolonic intussusception in a four‐yr‐old with a heart transplant: A case report and review of the literature. Pediatr Transplantation 2011. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  A rare case of a colocolonic intussusception in a pediatric cardiac transplant patient is reported along with a review of colocolonic intussusception in pediatric patients after organ transplantation. A four‐yr‐old girl with a history of heart transplantation shortly after birth presented with a 12‐hour history of abdominal pain, vomiting, and bloody stools. Initial abdominal x‐ray showed rectal edema. A rectal examination revealed a palpable intussusceptum that prompted a therapeutic contrast enema, which failed to reduce the intussusception. Surgical exploration was performed with reduction of the intussusception and resection of the terminal ileum and cecum. A pathologic lead point was not identified.
Adaptive speciation and sexual dimorphism contribute to diversity in form and function in the adaptive radiation of Lake Matano’s sympatric roundfin sailfin silversides
Authors: PFAENDER J. , MIESEN F. W. , HADIATY R. K. , HERDER F. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe utility of traits involved in resource exploitation is a central criterion for the adaptive character of radiations. Here, we test for differentiation in morphology, jaw mechanics and nutrition among species and sexes of Lake Matano’s sympatric ‘roundfin’ sailfin silversides. The three incipient fish species differ significant in several candidate traits for adaptation following ecological selection pressure, corresponding to contrasting jaw mechanics and distinct patterns in food resource use. These findings are consistent with functional adaptation and suggest divergence following alternative modes of feeding specialization. Further, intersexual resource partitioning and corresponding adaptation in jaw mechanics is evident in two of the three incipient species, demonstrating that sexual dimorphism contributes to the ecomorphological and trophic diversity of the emerging radiation. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first study reporting interspecific as well as intersexual adaptation by alternative modes of form and function in an evolving fish species flock.
Complex selection associated with Hox genes in a natural population of lizards
Authors: SCHWARTZ T. S. , PERRIN C. , WAPSTRA E. , ULLER T. , OLSSON M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractHox genes are recognized for their explanatory power of bilateral development. However, relatively little is known about natural variation in, and the evolutionary dynamics of, Hox genes within wild populations. Utilizing a natural population of sand lizards (Lacerta agilis), we screened HoxA13 for genetic variation and an association with incidence of offspring malformations. We found significant effects of parental genetic similarity and offspring sex, and their interaction, on risk of hatching malformed as an offspring. We also found within population genetic variation in HoxA13, and identified a significant effect of a three‐way interaction among Hox genotype, parental genetic similarity, and offspring sex on the risk of hatching malformation. Since malformed offspring in this population do not survive to maturity, this study reveals complex and ongoing selection associated with Hox genes in a wild reptile population. Importantly, this demonstrates the utility of natural populations in unveiling microevolutionary processes shaping variation in highly conserved genes.
Intraspecific variation in behaviour: effects of evolutionary history, ontogenetic experience and sex
Authors: HERCZEG G. , VÄLIMÄKI K. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractGeographical variation in behaviour within species is common. However, how behavioural plasticity varies between and within locally adapted populations is less studied. Here, we studied behavioural plasticity induced by perceived predation risk and food availability in pond (low predation – high competition)vs.coastal marine (high predation – low competition) nine‐spined sticklebacks (Pungitius pungitius) reared in a common garden experiment. Pond sticklebacks were more active feeders, more risk‐taking, aggressive and explorative than marine sticklebacks. Perceived predation risk decreased aggression and risk‐taking of all fish. Food restriction increased feeding activity and risk‐taking. Pond sticklebacks became more risk‐taking than marine sticklebacks under food shortage, whereas well‐fed fish behaved similarly. Among poorly fed fish, males showed higher drive to feed, whereas among well‐fed fish, females did. Apart from showing how evolutionary history, ontogenetic experience and sex influence behaviour, the results provide evidence for habitat‐dependent expression of adaptive phenotypic plasticity.
Head shape evolution in Gymnophthalmidae: does habitat use constrain the evolution of cranial design in fossorial lizards?
Authors: BARROS F. C. , HERREL A. , KOHLSDORF T. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractHabitat usage comprises interactions between ecological parameters and organismal capacities, and the selective pressures that ultimately determine the outcome of such processes in an evolutionary scale may be conflicting when the same morphological structure is recruited for different activities. Here, we investigate the roles of diet and locomotion in the evolution of cranial design in gymnophthalmid lizards and test the hypothesis that microhabitat use drives head shape evolution, particularly in head‐first burrowers. Morphological factors were analysed in relation to continuous ecological indexes (prey hardness and substrate compactness) using conventional and phylogenetic approaches. Results suggest that the evolution of head morphology in Gymnophthalmidae was shaped under the influence of microhabitat use rather than diet: burrowers have shorter heads with lower rostral angulation, independently of the prey consumed. Food preferences appear to be relatively conserved throughout the phylogeny of the group, which may have permitted the extensive radiation of gymnophthalmids into fossorial microhabitats.
Physical connection decreases benefits of clonal integration in Alternanthera philoxeroides under three warming scenarios
Authors: Li J.‐J. , Peng P.‐H. , He W.‐M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPhysical connection between ramets usually allows clonal plants to perform better but can have the opposite effects in some cases. Clonal integration and the effects of climate warming have been extensively studied, but to date little is known about how climate warming affects the benefits of clonal integration. We conducted a field experiment in which Alternanthera philoxeroides segments with connected and severed stolons were subject to four climate regimes (ambient, day warming, night warming and daily warming), and measured final biomass, number of ramets and total length of stolons. Across the three warming treatments, temperature rise suppressed growth of clonal fragments with connected stolons but increased growth of fragments with severed stolons; temperature rise affected the biomass of distal ramets but not proximal ramets, and had similar effects on the numbers of proximal and distal ramets. When the three warming treatments were considered separately, they had contrasting consequences for the benefits of clonal integration. Specifically, when fragments were exposed to day and night warming, physical connection evened out the advantages of clonal integration that occur under ambient conditions; when fragments were exposed to daily warming, physical connection led to smaller clonal plants. These findings suggest that physical connection between ramets may be disadvantageous to overall performance of A. philoxeroides fragments under climate warming, and also indicate that the net consequences of daily warming outweigh those of day or night warming.
Quantitative trait loci mapping for two seed yield component traits in an oilseed rape (Brassica napus) cross
Authors: Chen Wei , Zhang Yongshan , Yao Jinbo , Ma Chaozhi , Tu Jinxing , Tingdong Fu 
Published: August 2011

With 1 figure and 6 tablesAbstractSeed yield per plant is one of the most important traits of rapeseed, and it is determined by three yield component traits viz. siliques per plant, seeds per silique (SS) and seed weight (SW). In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping for SS and SW was conducted in doubled haploid and immortalized F2 populations of the cross ‘Quantum’ × ‘No.2127 17’. The correlation analysis showed that SS had a significant negative correlation with SW. Using data from three natural field trials, 4 and 11 QTL for SS and SW were detected, respectively. Three QTL for SS were colocalized to QTL involved in SW. For both traits, the favourable alleles existed in both parents. The results could contribute to rapeseed yield improvement and provide useful information for marker‐assisted selection.
Improving cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plant resistance to reniform nematodes by pyramiding Ren1 and Ren2
Authors: Fang David D. , Stetina Salliana R. 
Published: August 2011

With 4 tablesAbstractReniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) has become a major pest of cotton in the mid‐south area of the United States. Resistance genes, Ren1 and Ren2 from Gossypium longicalyx and Gossypium aridum, respectively, have been identified and introduced into Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). We developed an F2 population of 184 progeny plants by crossing Ren2 ‐containing plants with a LONREN‐2 plant that had the resistance gene Ren1. The F2 plants were evaluated for their resistance to reniform nematodes in a growth chamber. Microsatellite markers BNL2662 and BNL3279 were analysed to assist the selection of proper parental plants and F1 progeny and to study the segregation of the resistance genes in the F2 population. Our results suggested that Ren1 and Ren2 were duplicate genes with Ren1 residing on chromosome 11 (A subgenome) and Ren2 on chromosome 21 (D subgenome). F2 plants containing either Ren1 or Ren2 had significantly fewer nematodes than the susceptible Upland cotton genotype. No significant difference in nematode resistance was found between plants containing Ren1 and those having Ren2, indicating that these two genes may have similar resistance mechanisms. Plants containing both Ren1 and Ren2 appeared to have higher resistance than those with just one of the genes, and pyramiding these two genes may be a valuable tool to cotton breeders when managing this pest.
Cell biology of Smad2/3 linker region phosphorylation in vascular smooth muscle
Authors: Rezaei Hossein B , Kamato Danielle , Ansari Ghazaleh , Osman Narin , Little Peter J 
Published: August 2011

Summary1. The transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β superfamily of ligands regulates a diverse set of cellular functions. Transforming growth factor‐β induces its biological effects through Type I and Type II transmembrane receptors that have serine/threonine kinase activities and weak tyrosine kinase activity. In vascular smooth muscle, TGF‐β binds to the TGF‐β Type II receptor (TβRII) at the cell surface, recruiting the Type I receptor (TβRI) to form a heterocomplex. Consequently, after phosphorylation and activation of TβRI, the transcription factors receptor activated (R‐) Smad2 and Smad3 are recruited and activated through phosphorylation of C terminal residues. Overall, Smad2/3 and co‐Smad4 have similar structures consisting of three regions an N‐terminal MH1 domain, a C‐terminal MH2 domain and a central linker region.2. Phosphorylation of the Smad linker region appears to have an important role in the regulation of Smad activity and function. The mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, CDK2, CDK4 and calcium–calmodulin dependent kinase are the main kinases that phosphorylate sites in the linker region. The role of the linker region includes enabling the formation of Smad homo‐oligomers and provision of phosphorylation sites for MAPK and other kinases. In some instances, linker region phosphorylation regulates the inhibition of the nuclear translocation of Smads.3. In the present review, we describe TGF‐β signalling through Smad2/3 and the importance of the linker region in the regulation and expression of genes induced by TGF‐β superfamily ligands in the context of vascular smooth muscle.
Serum screening for detection of high‐risk group for early‐stage diffuse type gastric cancer in Japanese
Authors: Ito Masanori , Yoshihara Masaharu , Takata Shunsuke , Wada Yoshihiro , Matsuo Taiji , Boda Tomoyuki , Tanaka Shinji , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Serum screening systems are beneficial for gastric cancer mass surveys; however, the marker for diffuse type gastric cancer (DGC) is not defined. We attempted to define the high‐risk group for DGC by using serum markers of anti‐Helicobacter pylori antibody and pepsinogens (PG).Methods:  Forty‐two patients in the early stage of DGC and 511 controls were enrolled. Fasting serum samples were collected, and anti‐H. pylori antibody and PG were evaluated. The risk for DGC was calculated.Results:  The prevalence of DGC was higher in H. pylori‐positive patients (odds ratio [OR] = 4.3 in men, 9.6 in women). DGC prevalence was significantly higher in the PG1+ group in women (OR = 10.7); however, it was lower in the PG3+ group in both men and women. Patients with PG II ≥ 30 revealed a significantly higher risk for DGC. By combining factors, higher OR (OR = 12.5 in men, 42.7 in women) were obtained when we defined the risk group as H. pylori‐positive, PG‐negative, and having PG II ≥ 30.Conclusion:  The risk group for DGC can be defined by evaluating ordinary serum gastritis markers.
Pollination biology of Lilium japonicum var. abeanum and var. japonicum: evidence of adaptation to the different availability of diurnal and nocturnal pollinators
Authors: YOKOTA SHIZUKA , YAHARA TETSUKAZU 
Published: August 2011

AbstractFloral traits such as color and size are highly diversified in lilies, but their adaptive significance remains uncertain. In the present study, we compared pollination processes between Lilium japonicum var. abeanum and var. japonicum to clarify how the two varieties are adapted to different pollinators. Lilium japonicum var. japonicum is known to be pollinated by moths, and we hypothesized from its flower traits that var. abeanum is pollinated by diurnal insects. Using waterproof digital cameras set to a recording interval of 10–30 s, we recorded flower visitors for 7–9 flowers of var. japonicum and 4–6 flowers of var. abeanum over 24‐h periods. We also recorded the number of versatile (T‐shaped) and rigid (I‐shaped) anthers per flower. For var. abeanum, we observed flowers at 05.00 and 17.00 hours to determine flower opening time and measured the intensity of floral scent using a metal‐oxide semi‐conductor odor sensor. Both diurnal and nocturnal insects visited flowers of the two varieties, but visitation of diurnal insects was more frequent in var. abeanum. Anthers of var. abeanum are usually rigid, as in many bee‐pollinated flowers, whereas those of var. japonicum are mostly versatile. Although flowers of var. japonicum are known to open in the evening, 32% of the flowers of var. abeanum started to flower during the day. Lilium japonicum var. abeanum emitted scent at night, with a maximum intensity at 20.00 hours, just as in var. japonicum. These findings suggest that the floral traits of the two varieties are adapted to the different relative availabilities of nocturnal versus diurnal pollinators. The flower of var. abeanum is more adapted to diurnal pollinators, but retains adaptations to nocturnal pollinators, particularly with regard to its scent.