bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinically constrained optimization of flexTPI acquisition parameters for the tissue sodium concentration bioscale
Authors: Atkinson Ian C. , Lu Aiming , Thulborn Keith R. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe rapid transverse relaxation of the sodium magnetic resonance signal during spatial encoding causes a loss of image resolution, an effect known as T2‐blurring. Conventional wisdom suggests that spatial resolution is maximized by keeping the readout duration as short as possible to minimize T2‐blurring. Flexible twisted projection imaging performed with an ultrashort echo time, relative to T2, and a long repetition time, relative to T1, has been shown to be effective for quantitative sodium magnetic resonance imaging. A minimized readout duration requires a very large number of projections and, consequentially, results in an impractically long total acquisition time to meet these conditions. When the total acquisition time is limited to a clinically practical duration (e.g., 10 min), the optimal parameters for maximal spatial resolution of a flexible twisted projection imaging acquisition do not correspond to the shortest possible readout. Simulation and experimental results for resolution optimized acquisition parameters of quantitative sodium flexible twisted projection imaging of parenchyma and cerebrospinal fluid are presented for the human brain at 9.4 and 3.0T. The effect of signal loss during data collection on sodium quantification bias and image signal‐to‐noise ratio are discussed. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Real‐time functional MRI using pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling
Authors: Hernandez‐Garcia Luis , Jahanian Hesamoddin , Greenwald Mark K. , Zubieta Jon‐Kar , Peltier Scott J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe first implementation of real‐time acquisition and analysis of arterial spin labeling‐based functional magnetic resonance imaging time series is presented in this article. The implementation uses a pseudo‐continuous labeling scheme followed by a spiral k‐space acquisition trajectory. Real‐time reconstruction of the images, preprocessing, and regression analysis of the functional magnetic resonance imaging data were implemented on a laptop computer interfaced with the MRI scanner. The method allows the user to track the current raw data, subtraction images, and the cumulative t‐statistic map overlaid on a cumulative subtraction image. The user is also able to track the time course of individual time courses and interactively selects a region of interest as a nuisance covariate. The pulse sequence allows the user to adjust acquisition and labeling parameters while observing their effect on the image within two successive pulse repetition times. This method is demonstrated by two functional imaging experiments: a simultaneous finger‐tapping and visual stimulation paradigm, and a bimanual finger‐tapping task. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Successful bone marrow transplantation in a pediatric patient with chronic myeloid leukemia from a HLA‐identical sibling selected by preimplantation HLA testing
Authors: Goussetis Evgenios , Constantoulakis Pantelis , Kitra Vasiliki , Peristeri Ioulia , Mastrominas Minas , Baka Margarita , Papadimitropoulos Miltiadis , Karamolegos Christos , Paisiou Anna , Vasilatou‐Kosmidis Helen , Graphakos Stelios 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe report successful bone marrow transplantation in an 11‐year‐old male with chronic myeloid leukemia from his HLA‐identical sibling selected by preimplantation HLA testing. Because collection of cord blood failed, the transplantation was performed when the donor reached the age of 19 months, and sufficient bone marrow could be harvested safely. The patient was BCR/ABL negative at the time of transplantation after complete molecular response to imatinib. Currently, 16 months post‐transplantation he is well and in complete molecular remission. This report describes preimplantation HLA‐genotyping to deliver a matched sibling donor for successful transplantation of a malignant disorder. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 345–347. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Piperacillin/tazobactam versus cefozopran for the empirical treatment of pediatric cancer patients with febrile neutropenia
Authors: Ichikawa Mizuho , Suzuki Daisuke , Ohshima Junjiro , Cho Yuko , Kaneda Makoto , Iguchi Akihiro , Ariga Tadashi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of piperacillin/tazobactam (PIP/TAZO) and cefozopran (CZOP) monotherapy in pediatric cancer patients with febrile neutropenia (FN).ProcedureA total of 119 febrile episodes in 49 neutropenic pediatric cancer patients (20 females and 29 males) with a median age of 6.8 years (range, 0.3–18.4 years) received randomized treatment either with PIP/TAZO 125 mg/kg every 8 hr or CZOP 25 mg/kg every 6 hr. Clinical response was determined at completion of therapy. Durations of fever and neutropenia, the need for modification of the therapy, and mortality rates were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe frequency of success without modification of treatment was not significantly different between PIP/TAZO (59.6%) and CZOP (53.2%). Durations of fever and antibiotic therapy did not differ between the treatment groups, and no major side effects were observed in either group.ConclusionsPIP/TAZO and CZOP monotherapy were both effective and safe for the initial empirical treatment of pediatric cancer patients with FN. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 1159–1162. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metabolomics Study on Quality Control and Discrimination of Three Curcuma Species based on Gas Chromatograph–Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Xiang Zheng , Wang Xian‐qin , Cai Xiao‐jun , Zeng Su 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTIntroductionMetabonomic analysis is an important molecular phenotyping method for characterising plant ecotypic variations; hence, it may become a powerful tool for quality control and discrimination of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).ObjectiveTo discriminate and assess the quality of Curcuma phaeocaulis, C. kwangsiensis and C. wenyujin from different ecotypes. The identification of the compositions of essential oils from the three Curcuma species was included in this study.MethodologyMetabolomics analysis was carried out on all samples by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) coupled with multivariate statistical analysis. Characterisation of phytochemicals in essential oils was performed by automated matching to the MS library and comparison of their mass spectra (NIST05 database).ResultsPrincipal component analysis (PCA) effectively distinguished the samples from different species and ecotypes. Partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS‐DA) was successfully employed in classifying the GC‐MS data of authentic, commercial and introduction cultivation samples. Furthermore, the components contributing significantly to the discrimination, namely curzerenone, germacrone, curdione and epicurzerenone, were screened by PCA and PLS‐DA loading plots and further can be used as chemical markers for discrimination and quality control among different groups of samples. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous Determination of Eleven Major Flavonoids in the Pollen of Typha angustifolia by HPLC‐PDA‐MS
Authors: Tao Weiwei , Yang Nianyun , Duan Jin‐ao , Wu Dekang , Guo JianMing , Tang Yuping , Qian Dawei , Zhu Zhenhua 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe pollen of Typha angustifolia L. has been used for the treatment of dysmenorrhea, stranguria and metrorrhagia. Flavonoids are major active compounds in this pollen and their quantification is important for its quality control.ObjectiveTo establish an HPLC‐PDA‐MS method for simultaneous determination of the 11 majority flavonoids in the pollen of T. angustifolia.MethodologyThe optimal condition of separation was achieved on a reversed‐phase C18 column with gradient elution of acetonitrile and 0.05% formic acid (v/v) at a flow‐rate of 0.8 mL/min; the column temperature was set at 35 °C.ResultsAll calibration curves showed good linear regression (r2 > 0.9992). The method provided good accuracy, precision, recovery and sensitivity for the quantification of the 11 compounds analysed.ConclusionThe HPLC method established is appropriate for the quality assurance of the pollen of T. angustifolia. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Authentication Analysis of Red Fruit (Pandanus Conoideus Lam) Oil Using FTIR Spectroscopy in Combination with Chemometrics
Authors: Rohman Abdul , Che Man Yaakob B. , Riyanto Sugeng 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTIntroductionRed fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam) is endemic plant of Papua, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. The price of its oil (red fruit oil, RFO) is 10–15 times higher than that of common vegetable oils; consequently, RFO is subjected to adulteration with lower price oils. Among common vegetable oils, canola oil (CaO) and rice bran oil (RBO) have similar fatty acid profiles to RFO as indicated by the score plot of principal component analysis; therefore, CaO and RBO are potential adulterants in RFO.ObjectiveTo develop FTIR spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics of partial least square regression (PLSR) and discriminant analysis (DA) for authentication of RFO from CaO and RBO.ResultsThe presence of CaO in RFO was better determined at frequency regions of 1200–1050 cm−1; meanwhile, the combined frequency ranges of 1207–1078 and 1747–1600 cm−1 were exploited for quantitative analysis of RBO with acceptable values of coefficient of determination (R2) and errors in calibration, prediction and during cross validation. DA based on Mahalanobis distance was able to discriminate between RFO and RFO adulterated with CaO and RBO.ConclusionFTIR spectroscopy combined with PLSR and DA can be successfully used for quantification and classification of oil adulterants in RFO. The developed method is rapid and environmentally friendly and sample preparation is easy. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fast Ultrasound‐assisted Extraction of Polar (phenols) and Nonpolar (lipids) Fractions in Heterotheca inuloides Cass.
Authors: Mijangos Ricárdez O. F. , Ruiz‐Jiménez J. , Lagunez‐Rivera L. , Luque de Castro M. D. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTIntroductionHeterotheca inuloides Cass., also known as “arnica”, is used in traditional medicine in Mexico.ObjectiveDevelopment of fast methods for the extraction of lipidic and phenolic fractions from arnica plants and their subsequent characterization.MethodologyUltrasound was applied to accelerate extraction of the target compounds from this plant and reduce the use of organic solvents as compared with conventional methods. Gas chromatography–ion trap mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography with diode‐array detection were used for the characterization of the lipidic and phenolic fractions, respectively.ResultsUnder optimal extraction conditions, 9 and 55 min were necessary to complete extraction of the lipidic and phenolic fractions, respectively. The fatty acids present at the highest concentrations in H. inuloides were eicosatetraenoic n3 (24.6 μg/g), cis‐9‐hexadecenoic n7 (23.1 μg/g), exacosanoic (22.7 μg/g) and cis‐9‐octadecenoic acid (21.3 μg/g), while the rest were in the range 7.6–1.3 μg/g. The most concentrated phenols were guaiacol (41.5 μg/g), catechin (38.7 μg/g), ellagic acid (35.9 μg/g), carbolic acid (24.2 μg/g) and p‐coumaric acid (19.5 μg/g), while the rest were in the range 5.1–0.4 μg/g.ConclusionUltrasound reduces the time necessary to complete the extraction 160 and 26 times, the extraction volume 2.5 and 4 times, and increases the extraction efficiency 5 and 3 times for lipidic and phenolic fractions, respectively, in comparison with conventional extraction methods. In addition, the characterization of the lipidic and phenolic fractions constitutes a first approach to the H. inuloides metabolome. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distortions of sex ratios at birth in the United States; evidence for prenatal gender selection
Authors: Egan James F. X. , Campbell Winston A. , Chapman Audrey , Shamshirsaz Alireza A. , Gurram Padmalatha , Benn Peter A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectiveThe normal male to female livebirth sex ratio ranges from 1.03 to 1.07. Higher ratios in China, India and Korea reflect prenatal sex selection. We reviewed sex ratios for US births to investigate potential prenatal sex selection.MethodsWe reviewed all US livebirths from 1975 to 2002 using National Center for Health Statistics birth certificates in 4‐year intervals. We compared the sex ratios of Blacks, Chinese, Filipinos, Asian Indians and Koreans relative to Whites. We also compared the sex ratios by birth order for first, second and third and more births (third+) from 1991 to 2002.ResultsThe male to female sex ratio from 1975 to 2002 was 1.053 for Whites, 1.030 (p < 0.01) for Blacks, 1.074 (p < 0.01) for Chinese and 1.073 (p < 0.01) for Filipinos. From 1991 to 2002, the sex ratio increased from 1.071 to 1.086 for Chinese, 1.060 to 1.074 for Filipinos, 1.043 to 1.087 for Asian Indians and 1.069 to 1.088 for Koreans. The highest sex ratios were seen for third+ births to Asian Indians (1.126), Chinese (1.111) and Koreans (1.109).ConclusionThe male to female livebirth sex ratio in the United States exceeded expected biological variation for third+ births to Chinese, Asian Indians and Koreans strongly suggesting prenatal sex selection. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐temperature‐resistant polyimide/montmorillonite nanocomposite foams by solid blending
Authors: Pan Ling‐Ying , Zhan Mao‐Sheng , Wang Kai 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA series of high‐temperature‐resistant polyimide/montmorillonite (PI/MMT) nanocomposite foams were prepared by solid blending method. The dispersion of MMT and effects of MMT content on the properties of the PI/MMT nanocomposite foams were investigated. Results indicated that MMT could be exfoliated effectively and dispersed uniformly in the PI matrix by the solid blending method. The introduction of MMT could considerably increase the reduced compressive strength, thermal resistance, and decrease the dielectric constant of the PI/MMT nanocomposite foams. The reduced compressive strength of nanocomposite foams showed a maximum value at the MMT content of 5 wt%, which was 197% higher than that of pure PI foams. It was worth noting that a significant increase in glass‐transition temperature (T
g) could be achieved with the increase of MMT content, and the maximum T
g was as high as 436°C at the MMT content of 7 wt%. This study may provide a useful method to prepare PI/MMT nanocomposite foams with improved properties for targeted high‐temperature applications. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. ©2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Negative effect of stretching on the development of β‐phase in β‐nucleated isotactic polypropylene
Authors: Zheng Guoqiang , Li Songwei , Zhang Xiaoli , Liu Chuntai , Dai Kun , Chen Jingbo , Li Qian , Peng Xiangfang , Shen Changyu 
Published: March 2011

AbstractOn the premise that shear in the slit die of an extruder was minimized as far as possible, β‐nucleated isotactic polypropylene (iPP) was extruded. Simultaneously, once the extrudate (in the melt state) left the die exit, it was stretched at various stretching rates (SRs). For iPP with a low content of β‐nucleating agent (β‐NA), the crystallinity of β‐phase (Xβ) initially increases with increasing SR, and then decreases slightly with further increase in SR. However, for iPP containing a higher content of β‐NA, with increasing SR, Xβ decreases monotonically, indicating a negative effect of SR on β‐phase formation. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering and polarized optical microscopy experiments reveal that, when SR is less than 30 cm min−1, the increasing amount of row nuclei induced by increasing SR is mainly responsible for the increase of Xβ. In contrast, when SR exceeds 30 cm min−1, the overgrowth of shish structures unexpectedly restrains the development of β‐phase, and spatial confinement is considered as a better explanation for the suppression of β‐phase. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Viscoelastic behavior of poly(butyl methacrylate) densely grafted on silica nanoparticles
Authors: Hayashida Kenichi , Tanaka Hiromitsu , Watanabe Osamu 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA series of poly(butyl methacrylate)s (PBMAs) with various molar masses (33 000–270 000 g mol−1), which were densely grafted on fumed silica nanoparticles (PBMA–SiO2), were synthesized by surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. The dynamic viscoelastic behavior of PBMA–SiO2 was systematically investigated in the solid and molten states with oscillatory strains, and compared to that of a conventional nanocomposite (PBMA/SiO2). The storage moduli of PBMA–SiO2 and PBMA/SiO2 are equivalent in the solid state, whereas the storage modulus of PBMA–SiO2 is lower than that of PBMA/SiO2 in the molten state, especially at high silica loading. This is because the formation of a network structure composed of the silica nanoparticles in PBMA–SiO2 is strongly suppressed by the polymer brushes on the particles. In contrast, even at low silica loading, the PBMA–SiO2 system exhibits a gel‐like behavior resulting from a steric repulsion between the composite particles, because all of the tethered polymers behave as bound polymers. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Redox initiated cationic polymerization: The unique behavior of alkyl glycidyl ethers
Authors: Crivello James V. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractRedox systems composed of a diaryliodonium or a triarylsulfonium salt together with a silane bearing SiH groups were used for the in situ generation of strong Brønsted acids at room temperature in the presence of alkyl glycidyl ether monomers. Secondary oxiranium intermediates are generated with lifetimes from minutes to hours at room temperature. These systems undergo rapid, exothermic cationic chain polymerization when the temperature is raised. Metastable monomer‐redox initiator systems were also observed to undergo frontal polymerizations when a localized heat source is applied to the sample. The application of these delayed cationic ring‐opening polymerization systems for the development of one‐component structural adhesives that undergo rapid thermosetting at low temperatures are discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Spontaneous Cu(I)Br–PMDETA‐mediated polymerization of isobornyl methacrylate in heterogeneous aqueous medium at ambient temperature
Authors: Rajendrakumar Kannapiran , Dhamodharan R. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIsobornyl methacrylate (IBMA), a bulky hydrophobic methacrylate, undergoes very fast polymerization, in bulk, with Cu(I)Br/N,N,N′,N″,N″‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA)/ethyl‐2‐bromoisobutyrate system, at ambient temperature. IBMA also undergoes a spontaneous initiator‐free polymerization, at ambient temperature, with Cu(I)Br/PMDETA catalytic system in dimethyl sulfoxide–water mixtures. The rate of the polymerization is seen to increase with the water content up to 80 mol % of water. A possible intervention of air in initiation is proposed. The active Cu(0) formed by the disproportionation of Cu(I) species in aqueous medium probably plays a vital role for a possible air‐initiation of IBMA via single electron transfer‐living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP) mechanism. A high tolerance level to water under SET‐LRP conditions is demonstrated. The poly(IBMA) samples obtained exhibit low molecular weight distributions (1.1–1.3). Similar behavior was not observed with other common methacrylates such as methyl methacrylate, t‐butyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, and benzyl methacrylate. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Basic amino acid assisted‐fabrication of rectangular nanotube, circular nanotube, and hollow microsphere of polyaniline: Adjusting and controlling effect of pH value
Authors: Gao Cuiling , Ai Man , Li Xun , Xu Zheng 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis work reports a simple and effective method to prepare polyaniline (PANI) nanotubes with rectangular or circular cross section and hollow microspheres by using basic amino acids L‐lysine or L‐arginine as dopants and pH buffer agents, respectively. The research reveals that the pH value of the reaction solution at the beginning stage is a crucial factor to form PANI microstructures. The L‐lysine and L‐arginine have isoelectric point 9.74 and 10.76, which can maintain reaction solution at high pH value at the beginning reaction and assist aniline to couple in ortho‐position forming phenazine unit in the oligomer chain. The oligomer produces rectangular nanorods or microspheres by interaction. These oligomer microstructures act as templates for further polymerization to form PANI rectangular nanotubes and hollow microspheres. Decreasing the concentration of the basic amino acid or using acidic amino acid, the round nanotubes are formed. This method provides a simple route to prepare PANI microstructures with different morphologies without any foreign template or surfactant, and raises a new view on the polymerization process. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
New polyimides incorporated with diphenylpyrenylamine unit as fluorophore and redox‐chromophore
Authors: Kung Yi‐Chun , Lee Wen‐Fu , Hsiao Sheng‐Huei , Liou Guey‐Sheng 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA series of novel polyimides based on N,N‐di(4‐aminophenyl)‐1‐aminopyrene and aromatic or alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides were synthesized. The polymers exhibited good solubility in many polar organic solvents and could afford robust films via solution casting. The polyimides derived from aromatic dianhydrides exhibited high thermal stability and high glass‐transition temperatures (333–364 °C). Cyclic voltammetry studies of the polymer films showed that these polyimides are both p and n dopable and have multicolored electrochromic states. For the polyimides derived from alicyclic dianhydrides, they revealed a strong blue‐light emission with high fluorescence quantum yields (ϕPL > 45%) and a marked solvatochromic behavior. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Poly[methyl(phenyl)silanediyl] modified with dansyl fluorophore: Synthesis and photophysics
Authors: Cimrová Věra , Výprachtický Drahomír , Hörhold Hans‐Heinrich 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe syntheses and photophysical properties of novel luminescent polysilanes modified with dansyl fluorophores on various spacer (PMPSi‐n‐DNS) are reported. The modified polysilanes were prepared by condensation reaction of dansyl amines, such as 5‐(dimethylamino)naphthalene‐1‐sulfonohydrazide orN‐(ω‐aminoalkyl)‐5‐(dimethylamino)naphthalene‐1‐sulfonamides with formylated poly[methyl(phenyl)silanediyl], yielding Schiff bases. The aldehyde groups were incorporated into the parent polymer by a one‐step reaction with dichloromethyl methyl ether in the presence of Lewis acid. Influence of the alkyl chain length (n) on the photophysical properties was investigated using absorption, steady‐state, and time‐resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The excitation energy transfer from the polysilane backbone to dansyl fluorophore was proved. PL decay dynamics revealed the existence of more than one excited species. In solution, the decay curves of PMPSi‐DNS (no spacer) were double exponential, whereas for PMPSi‐n‐DNS (with spacer), and, in thin films, the decays were three‐exponential. Polymer light‐emitting devices (LEDs) were prepared from the blends of modified polysilane with electroluminescent polymer poly[2,5‐dimethoxy‐1,4‐phenylene‐1,2‐ethenylene‐2‐methoxy‐5‐(2‐ethylhexyloxy)‐(1,4‐phenylene‐1,2‐ethenylene)] (M3EH‐PPV). Compared with LED made of neat electroluminescent polymer, a significant performance improvement of blend LEDs was demonstrated. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011