bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioural intervention practices for stereotypic and repetitive behaviour in individuals with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review
Authors: PATTERSON STEPHANIE Y , SMITH VERONICA , JELEN MICHAELA 
Published: March 2010

Aim  The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the quality of conduct of experimental studies contributing to our empirical understanding of function‐based behavioural interventions for stereotypic and repetitive behaviours (SRBs) in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs).Method  Systematic review methodology was used to identify relevant articles, to rate the level of evidence and quality of conduct of the studies, and to extract data systematically.Results  Ten single case studies examining 17 participants (14 males, 3 females; age 2y 11mo–26y) diagnosed with various ASDs were included. Overall, studies reported decreases in SRBs using behavioural interventions and some collateral increase in desirable behaviours.Interpretation  Only a small number of intervention studies for SRBs explicitly state the function of the behaviour; therefore, relatively little is known about the efficacy of SRB interventions in relation to the range of possible behavioural functions. Evidence supporting SRB interventions is preliminary in nature, and caution should be used in choosing and implementing SRB intervention practices for individuals with ASDs.
Contributions of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 and ‐2 to nuclear translocation of apoptosis‐inducing factor and injury from focal cerebral ischemia
Authors: Li Xiaoling , Klaus Judith A. , Zhang Jian , Xu Zhenfeng , Kibler Kathleen K. , Andrabi Shaida A. , Rao Karthik , Yang Zeng‐Jin , Dawson Ted M. , Dawson Valina L. , Koehler Raymond C. 
Published: March 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 113, 1012–1022.AbstractExcessive oxidative damage to DNA leads to activation of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 (PARP‐1), accumulation of PAR polymers, translocation of apoptosis‐inducing factor (AIF) from mitochondria to the nucleus, and cell death. In this study, we compared the effect of gene deletion of PARP‐1 and PARP‐2, enzymes activated by DNA oxidative damage, in male mice subjected to 2 h of focal cerebral ischemia. Infarct volume at 3 days of reperfusion was markedly decreased to a similar extent in PARP‐1‐ and PARP‐2‐null mice. The ischemia‐induced increase in nuclear AIF accumulation was largely suppressed in both knockout genotypes. The transient increase in PAR during early reperfusion was nearly blocked in PARP‐1‐null mice, but only moderately decreased at 1‐h reperfusion in PARP‐2‐null mice. Differences in the tissue volume at risk, as assessed by arterial casts and autoradiographic analysis of regional blood flow, did not fully account for the large reductions in AIF translocation and infarct volume in both PARP null mice. Cell death was attenuated in PARP‐2‐null neurons exposed to a submaximal concentration of 100 μM NMDA for 5 min, but not in those exposed to a near‐maximal toxic concentration of 500 μM NMDA. We conclude that PARP‐2 contributes substantially to nuclear translocation of AIF and infarct size after transient focal cerebral ischemia in male mice, but that protection is disproportionate to the attenuation of overall PARP activity.
Beyond scarcity: citizen science programmes as useful tools for conservation biogeography
Authors: Devictor Vincent , Whittaker Robert J. , Beltrame Coralie 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAim  We assess whether and how datasets collected by the general public, so‐called citizen science programmes, can improve biogeographical studies and contribute to large‐scale conservation target‐setting.Location  Worldwide.Methods  We first set a general framework highlighting the prerequisites of a relevant dataset for conservation biogeography. We then illustrate how many different citizen science programmes currently running in different countries can be placed within this framework.Results  We highlight that citizen science is particularly useful to address issues spanning large temporal and spatial extents. We then show how datasets based on citizen science can be used to investigate major aspects of global change impacts on biodiversity. We further highlight why these programmes are also particularly valuable in developing the preventative and educational component of conservation biogeography.Main conclusions  Conservation biogeography requires considerable amounts of data collected over large spatial and/or temporal extents. Beyond increasing technical advances to collect and analyse these data, citizen science seems to be a highly valuable tool in many aspects. However, while citizen science programmes are now popular and increasingly used in several countries, they are lacking in many others. We argue that the development of citizen science programmes should be encouraged as they can both be highly valuable for conservation biogeography and promote the reconnection between people and nature and more generally between people and science.
Transfer of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored 5′‐nucleotidase CD73 from adiposomes into rat adipocytes stimulates lipid synthesis
Authors: Müller G , Jung C , Wied S , Biemer‐Daub G , Frick W 
Published: March 2010

Background and purpose:  In addition to predominant localization at detergent‐insoluble, glycolipid‐enriched plasma membrane microdomains (DIGs), glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐anchored proteins (GPI‐proteins) have been found associated with lipid droplets (LDs) and adiposomes. Adiposomes are vesicles that are released from adipocytes in response to anti‐lipolytic and lipogenic signals, such as H2O2, palmitate and the antidiabetic sulfonylurea drug, glimepiride, and harbour (c)AMP‐degrading GPI‐proteins, among them the 5‐nucleotidase CD73. Here the role of adiposomes in GPI‐protein‐mediated information transfer was studied.Experimental approach:  Adiposomes were incubated with isolated rat adipocytes under various conditions. Trafficking of CD73 and lipid synthesis were analysed.Key results:  Upon blockade of GPI‐protein trafficking, CD73 specifically associated with DIGs of small, and to a lower degree, large, adipocytes. On reversal of the blockade, CD73 appeared at cytosolic LD in time‐ adiposome concentration‐ and signal (H2O2 > glimepiride > palmitate)‐dependent fashion. The salt‐ and carbonate‐resistant association of CD73 with structurally intact DIGs and LD was dependent on its intact GPI anchor. Upon incubation with small and to a lower degree, large adipocytes, adiposomes increased lipid synthesis in the absence or presence of H2O2, glimepiride and palmitate and improved the sensitivity toward these signals. Upregulation of lipid synthesis by adiposomes was dependent on the translocation of CD73 with intact GPI anchors from DIGs to LD.Conclusions:  The signal‐induced transfer of GPI‐anchored CD73 from adiposomes via DIGs to LD of adipocytes mediates paracrine upregulation of lipid synthesis within the adipose tissue.
Early Carboniferous blueschist facies metamorphism in metapelites of the West Sudetes (Northern Saxothuringian Domain, Bohemian Massif)
Authors: ŽÁČKOVÁ E. , KONOPÁSEK J. , JEŘÁBEK P. , FINGER F. , KOŠLER J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe metamorphic evolution of micaschists in the north‐eastern part of the Saxothuringian Domain in the Central European Variscides is characterized by the early high‐pressure M1 assemblage with chloritoid in cores of large garnet porphyroblasts and a Grt–Chl–Phe–Qtz ± Pg M2 assemblage in the matrix. Minerals of the M1–M2 stage were overprinted by the low‐pressure M3 assemblage Ab–Chl–Ms–Qtz ± Ep. Samples with the best‐preserved M1–M2 mineralogy mostly appear in domains dominated by the earlier D1 deformation phase and are only weakly affected by subsequent D2 overprint. Thermodynamic modelling suggests that mineral assemblages record peak‐pressure conditions of ≥18–19 kbar at 460–520 °C (M1) followed by isothermal decompression 10.5–13.5 kbar (M2) and final decompression to <8.5 kbar and <480 °C (M3). The calculated peak P–T conditions indicate a high‐pressure/low‐temperature apparent thermal gradient of ∼7–7.5 °C km−1. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry isotopic dating and electron microprobe chemical dating of monazite from the M1–M2 mineral assemblages give ages of 330 ± 10 and 328 ± 6 Ma, respectively, which are interpreted as the timing of a peak pressure to early decompression stage. The observed metamorphic record and timing of metamorphism in the studied metapelites show striking similarities with the evolution of the central and south‐western parts of the Saxothuringian Domain and suggest a common tectonic evolution along the entire eastern flank of the Saxothuringian Domain during the Devonian–Carboniferous periods.
Cold subduction and the formation of lawsonite eclogite – constraints from prograde evolution of eclogitized pillow lava from Corsica
Authors: RAVNA E. J. K. , ANDERSEN T. B. , JOLIVET L. , De CAPITANI C. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA new discovery of lawsonite eclogite is presented from the Lancône glaucophanites within the Schistes Lustrés nappe at Défilé du Lancône in Alpine Corsica. The fine‐grained eclogitized pillow lava and inter‐pillow matrix are extremely fresh, showing very little evidence of retrograde alteration. Peak assemblages in both the massive pillows and weakly foliated inter‐pillow matrix consist of zoned idiomorphic Mg‐poor (<0.8 wt% MgO) garnet + omphacite + lawsonite + chlorite + titanite. A local overprint by the lower grade assemblage glaucophane + albite with partial resorption of omphacite and garnet is locally observed. Garnet porphyroblasts in the massive pillows are Mn rich, and show a regular prograde growth‐type zoning with a Mn‐rich core. In the inter‐pillow matrix garnet is less manganiferous, and shows a mutual variation in Ca and Fe with Fe enrichment toward the rim. Some garnet from this rock type shows complex zoning patterns indicating a coalescence of several smaller crystallites. Matrix omphacite in both rock types is zoned with a rimward increase in XJd, locally with cores of relict augite. Numerous inclusions of clinopyroxene, lawsonite, chlorite and titanite are encapsulated within garnet in both rock types, and albite, quartz and hornblende are also found included in garnet from the inter‐pillow matrix. Inclusions of clinopyroxene commonly have augitic cores and omphacitic rims. The inter‐pillow matrix contains cross‐cutting omphacite‐rich veinlets with zoned omphacite, Si‐rich phengite (Si = 3.54 apfu), ferroglaucophane, actinolite and hematite. These veinlets are seen fracturing idiomorphic garnet, apparently without any secondary effects. Pseudosections of matrix compositions for the massive pillows, the inter‐pillow matrix and the cross‐cutting veinlets indicate similar P–T conditions with maximum pressures of 1.9–2.6 GPa at temperatures of 335–420 °C. The inclusion suite found in garnet from the inter‐pillow matrix apparently formed at pressures below 0.6–0.7 GPa. Retrogression during initial decompression of the studied rocks is only very local. Late veinlets of albite + glaucophane, without breakdown of lawsonite, indicate that the rocks remained in a cold environment during exhumation, resulting in a hairpin‐shaped P–T path.
Using the Lashof Accounting Methodology to Assess Carbon Mitigation Projects With Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Courchesne Alexandre , Bécaert Valérie , Rosenbaum Ralph K. , Deschênes Louise , Samson Réjean 
Published: March 2010

SummaryAs governments elaborate strategies to counter climate change, there is a need to compare the different options available on an environmental basis. This study proposes a life cycle assessment framework integrating the Lashof accounting methodology, which enables the assessment and comparison of different carbon mitigation projects (e.g., biofuel use, a sequestering plant, an afforestation project). The Lashof accounting methodology is chosen amid other methods of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission characterization for its relative simplicity and capability to characterize all types of carbon mitigation projects. Using the unit of megagram‐year (Mg‐year), which accounts for the mass of GHGs in the atmosphere multiplied by the time it stays there, the methodology calculates the cumulative radiative forcing caused by GHG emission within a predetermined time frame. Basically, the developed framework uses the Mg‐year as a functional unit and isolates impacts related to the climate mitigation function with system expansion. The proposed framework is demonstrated with a case study of tree ethanol pathways (maize, sugarcane, and willow). The study shows that carbon mitigation assessment through life cycle assessment is possible and that it could be a useful tool for decision makers, as it can compare different projects regardless of their original context. The case study reveals that system expansion, as well as each carbon mitigation project's efficiency at reducing carbon emissions, are critical factors that have a significant impact on the results. Also, the framework proves to be useful for treating land‐use change emissions, as they are considered through the functional unit.
Reliability and Reproducibility of QRS Duration in the Selection of Candidates for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: DE GUILLEBON MAXIME , THAMBO JEAN‐BENOIT , PLOUX SYLVAIN , DEPLAGNE ANTOINE , SACHER FREDERIC , JAIS PIERRE , HAISSAGUERRE MICHEL , RITTER PHILIPPE , CLEMENTY JACQUES , BORDACHAR PIERRE 
Published: March 2010

Reliability and Reproducibility of QRS Duration. Background: A QRS >120 ms remains the recommended criterion for the selection of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) candidates. However, the reproducibility of this measurement has not been studied thoroughly.
Methods:
QRS duration was measured by 3 experienced cardiologists and by automatic measurement on 228 electrocardiograms (ECGs) randomly collected from 188 subjects, including neonates, healthy adults, patients with complete and incomplete bundle branch block, and CRT candidates. All ECGs were recorded at a 25 mm/s sweep speed. Forty recordings were duplicated and 50 ECGs were recorded at both 25 and 50 mm/s.
Results:
Significant interobserver differences (P < 0.001) were found between each combination of paired observers, with an up to 50‐ms absolute variability between cardiologists and low concordance with computerized measurements. Intraobserver absolute variability was also significant (P < 0.01) for the 3 observers. These significant differences persisted (P < 0.01) when focusing our interest on the ECGs in the 100–140 ms range (defined as at least one out of the 4 measures in this range). Considering the 120 ms limit, 22 (27.5%) ECGs were differently classified by at least one of the cardiologists. We observed similar interobserver differences between each combination of paired observers with a 50 mm/s sweep speed.
Conclusion:
Manual QRS duration measurements were associated with significant inter‐ and intraobserver variability and low concordance with computerized measurements. The measurement of QRS is, therefore, operator‐dependent and a reevaluation of the measurement methods may be essential to develop clinical and investigative standards. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 890‐892, August 2010)
“Give Me Some Sugar!” The Diabetes Self‐Management Activities of African‐American Primary Caregiving Grandmothers
Authors: Carthron Dana L. , Johnson Tiny Marie , Hubbart Tara D. , Strickland Courtney , Nance Kimya 
Published: March 2010

Abstract Purpose: To compare the diabetes self‐management activities of African American primary caregiving grandmothers before and after the initiation of caregiving and to compare the diabetes self‐management activities of African American primary caregiving grandmothers to diabetic women who were not caring for their grandchildren. Design: Using a cross‐sectional, descriptive design, 68 African American women 55 to 75 years of age were recruited as part of a larger study examining the impact of caregiving responsibilities on the diabetic health of African American primary caregiving grandmothers. Each participant was asked the frequency of their performance of six self‐management activities. Caregiving grandmothers were asked about these activities before and after the initiation of caregiving. Results: Dependent and independent t‐tests with Bonferroni correction were used to analyze the data. Statistically significant differences were noted in diet (t=4.400, p=.000) and self‐monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG; t=3.484, p=.001) before and after the initiation of caregiving. For the caregiver versus non‐caregiver comparison, statistically significant differences were noted in SMBG (t=−3.855, p=.000) and eye examinations (t=−3.211, p=.001). Conclusions: The findings provide preliminary data to support further research examining the self‐management activities of diabetic African American primary caregiving grandmothers. Diabetic African American primary caregiving grandmothers may have a decreased ability to integrate self‐management activities into their daily patterns of living. Additional research is needed to determine what factors prevent this population from performing these tasks routinely. Clinical Relevance: African American primary caregiving grandmothers were found to have more difficulty performing some of their self‐management activities, which may severely impact their overall diabetic health.
Coping With Preclinical Disability: Older Women's Experiences of Everyday Activities
Authors: Lorenz Rebecca Ann 
Published: March 2010

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to describe coping practices used by older women during preclinical disability. Design: This paper was derived from qualitative data gathered during a larger multimethod longitudinal study. Twelve women (60 to 80 years of age) participated in baseline functional performance measures and then repeated in‐depth interviews and participant observations over 18 months. Methods: A hermeneutic approach was used to interpret the in‐depth interviews, participant observations, and field notes using three interrelated processes of thematic, exemplar, and identification of paradigm cases to identify coping practices. Findings: Women coped with functional decline, such as difficulty getting up from the floor, in many different ways. Coping practices were grouped into five themes: resist, adapt, substitute, endure, and eliminate. Clinical Relevance: These findings suggest that nurses need to realize outward appearances may mask the level of effort required for older women to complete daily activities.
Hypothesis: The Electrophysiological Basis of Evil Eye Belief
Authors: ROSS COLIN ANDREW 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTThe sense of being stared at is the basis of evil eye beliefs, which are regarded as superstitions because the emission of any form of energy from the human eye has been rejected by Western science. However, brainwaves in the 1–40 Hertz, 1–10 microvolt range emitted through the eye can be detected using a high‐impedance electrode housed inside electromagnetically insulated goggles. This signal, which the author calls “human ocular extramission,” is physiologically active and has distinct electrophysiological properties from simultaneous brainwave recordings over the forehead. Western science's rejection of evil eye beliefs may be based on an erroneous rejection of a widespread component of human consciousness, the sense of being stared at, which may in turn be based on a real electrophysiological signal. The author proposes a series of future studies designed to determine whether human ocular extramission is the basis of evil eye beliefs.
Qualité des emplois dans les centres d'appels en Allemagne
Authors: WEINKOPF Claudia 
Published: March 2010

Résumé.Depuis 1995, l'emploi faiblement rémunéré a augmenté en Allemagne, les employeurs cherchant des échappatoires aux normes institutionnelles afin de réduire le coût de la main‐d'æuvre. Cet article présente une étude sur six centres d'appels (quatre dans les services collectifs, deux dans les services financiers), qui a exploré l'effet des institutions (notamment accords salariaux collectifs et conseils d'entreprise) sur l'organisation du travail, les salaires et les conditions de travail dans les centres d'appels internes aux entreprises, et chez les fournisseurs de services externes. Il explique pourquoi les écarts salariaux sont importants, et traite des répercussions de l'externalisation sur les salaires.
INTRODUCTION
Authors: OSTERMAN Paul 
Published: March 2010

Abstract.The articles in this special issue of the International Labour Review present the findings of a major international comparative research project on low‐wage work supported by the Russell Sage Foundation. In his brief introduction, Paul Osterman, who coordinated this special issue of the journal, outlines the rationale and methodology of the research project and explains its significance for public policy aimed at improving job quality at the lower end of the market.
Low‐wage work in five European countries and the United States
Authors: BOSCH Gerhard 
Published: March 2010

Abstract.Analysing research findings on Denmark, Germany, France, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States, the author shows that the incidence and conditions of low‐paid employment in each country are determined by a set of institutions, including minimum wage and active labour market policies, tax and social security systems, and collective bargaining. The widely assumed trade‐off between employment and wages, he argues, is not inescapable: active labour market policies for individual empowerment and institutions imposing “beneficial constraints” can prevent improved conditions at the bottom of the earnings distribution from translating into higher unemployment, while also helping to narrow inequalities.
Retail jobs in the Netherlands: Low pay in a context of long‐term wage moderation
Authors: VAN KLAVEREN Maarten , SALVERDA Wiemer , TIJDENS Kea 
Published: March 2010

Abstract.Wage moderation has been at the heart of the Netherlands' model of socio‐economic governance since the 1980s. Low‐paid employment has grown significantly, lower wages being constrained by declining minimum wages. Lagging incomes and consumption have depressed demand in retail, whose workforce – especially young people – accepted low‐paid, part‐time jobs. Low pay tends to reduce job quality – a phenomenon which has been heightened by the exceptionally long tail of youth minimum wages and the education grant system allowing students to work and skewing the labour market against young full‐time jobseekers. The current crisis may thwart retail's budding re‐professionalization.
Can more inclusive wage‐setting institutions improve low‐wage work? Pay trends in the United Kingdom's public‐sector hospitals
Authors: GRIMSHAW Damian 
Published: March 2010

Abstract.International research findings highlight the important role of institutions in shaping the wage structure of an economy. Evidence from a sample of seven public hospitals in the United Kingdom confirms those findings, suggesting that a more coordinated and centralized system of wage‐setting (including extension of public‐sector conditions to outsourced workers) improves pay for low‐wage cleaners and assistant nurses. Renewal of wage‐setting institutions provides a necessary but insufficient foundation for the elimination of low‐wage work. Employee investment in skill development, career advancement and skill‐based pay require management's commitment to the design of new, higher‐skilled jobs and the strengthening of internal labour markets.