bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of maternal diet rich in omega‐6 and omega‐9 fatty acids on the liver of LDL receptor‐deficient mouse offspring
Authors: De Oliveira Cipriano Torres Dilênia , Dos Santos Ana Célia Oliveira , Silva Amanda Karolina Soares E. , Leite Jacqueline Isaura Alvarez , De Souza José Roberto Botelho , Beltrão Eduardo Isidoro Carneiro , Peixoto Christina Alves 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Omega‐6 fatty acids are important to fetal development. However, during gestation/lactation, these fatty acids may contribute toward the development of fat tissue. Omega‐9 fatty acids are associated with a reduction in serum lipids and protection from liver disease. OBJECTIVES: The present study investigated the effect of the maternal intake of omega‐6 and omega‐9 in hypercholesterolemic mothers on the liver of the offspring. METHODS: LDL receptor–deficient mice were fed a diet rich in either omega‐6 (E6D) or omega‐9 (E9D) for 45 days prior to mating and until the birth of the offspring, evaluating the effect on the offspring liver in comparison to a standard diet (STD). RESULTS: Mothers fed with the E6D experienced an increase in total cholesterol (TC) and the offspring exhibited an increase in TC, hepatic triglycerides (TG), and CC‐chemokine ligand (CCL)2/monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)‐1 as well as a reduction in HDL. Histological analysis on this group revealed steatosis, leukocyte infiltrate, and increased CCL2/MCP‐1 expression. The ultrastructural analysis revealed hepatocytes with lipid droplets and myofibroblasts. The offspring of mothers fed the standard diet exhibited low serum TC, but microvesicular steatosis was observed. The offspring of mothers fed the E9D exhibited lower serum and hepatic TG as well as higher LDL in comparison to the other diets. The histological analyses revealed lower steatosis and leukocyte infiltrate. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that hypercholesterolemic mothers with a diet rich in omega‐6 fatty acids predispose their offspring to steatohepatitis, whereas a diet rich in omega‐9 has a protective effect. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 89:164–170, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rationally engineered double substituted variants of Yarrowia lipolytica lipase with enhanced activity coupled with highly inverted enantioselectivity towards 2‐bromo phenyl acetic acid esters
Authors: Cambon Emmanuelle , Piamtongkam Rungtiwa , Bordes Florence , Duquesne Sophie , André Isabelle , Marty Alain 
Published: April 2010

AbstractInverting enzyme enantioselectivity by protein engineering is still a great challenge. Lip2p lipase from Yarrowia lipolytica, which demonstrates a low S‐enantioselectivity (E‐value = 5) during the hydrolytic kinetic resolution of 2‐bromo‐phenyl acetic acid octyl esters (an important class of chemical intermediates in the pharmaceutical industry), was converted, by a rational engineering approach, into a totally R‐selective enzyme (E‐value > 200). This tremendous change in selectivity is the result of only two amino acid changes. The starting point of our strategy was the prior identification of two key positions, 97 and 232, for enantiomer discrimination. Four single substitution variants were recently identified as exhibiting a low inversion of selectivity coupled to a low‐hydrolytic activity. On the basis of these results, six double substituted variants, combining relevant mutations at both 97 and 232 positions, were constructed by site‐directed mutagenesis. This work led to the isolation of one double substituted variant (D97A‐V232F), which displays a total preference for the R‐enantiomer. The highly reversed enantioselectivity of this variant is accompanied by a 4.5‐fold enhancement of its activity toward the preferred enantiomer. The molecular docking of the R‐ and S‐enantiomers in the wild‐type enzyme and the D97A‐V232F variant suggests that V232F mutation provides a more favorable stacking interaction for the phenyl group of the R‐enantiomer, that could explain both the enhanced activity and the reversal of enantioselectivity. These results demonstrate the potential of rationally engineered mutations to further enhance enzyme activity and to modulate selectivity. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;106: 852–859. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Monitoring unauthorized internet accesses through a ‘honeypot’ system
Authors: Marchese Mario , Surlinelli Roberto , Zappatore Sandro 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe role of the Internet is continuously increasing and many technical, commercial, and business transactions are carried out by a multitude of users who exploit a set of specialized/sophisticated network applications. In this context, the task of network monitoring and surveillance is gaining great relevance and honeypots represent promising tools to get information, and understanding about the ‘areas of interests’ of attackers, as well as about the possible relations among ‘blackhat’ teams. The paper presents and discusses the results achieved by a group of honeypots deployed within the networks of the Department of Communication, Computer and System Science at the University of Genoa. The collected statistics, measured over 4‐month long period, reveal that approximately 10 000 different attackers, coming from 130 different countries, have ‘contacted’ the honeypot system and that about 60 000 TCP distinct connections have logged in. Our high‐interaction honeypot has counted more than 25 000 attempts to access a ssh server, thus permitting to trace many attempts to install rootkits. A comparison with results obtained by similar researches carried out in other laboratories is presented and commented. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Architecture of a microgrid energy management system
Authors: Jimeno Joseba , Anduaga Jon , Oyarzabal José , de Muro Asier Gil 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn the framework of deregulated electricity markets, distributed generation and load management are emerging as new technologies. In this context, the microgrid concept adds value to distributed energy resources (DER) by aggregating them into autonomous grids that provide high levels of efficiency, security and controllability. In order to achieve its functions, a microgrid requires a control system in charge of operating the elements in it in an optimal way while the required quality parameters are fulfilled.This paper describes the general architecture of a microgrid energy management system (EMS) based on multi‐agent system (MAS) technologies. MAS technologies are considered to be very well suited to systems that require plug and play capabilities, robustness, heterogeneous device integration, high scalability and extensibility. All of which are essential characteristics of a microgrid EMS. This paper also describes the implementation of a secondary control system based on the microgrid EMS architecture developed. This system is in charge of maintaining microgrid frequency and power exchange with the main grid close to predefined values. This is achieved in a way in which generation and consumption resources are optimally dispatched and able to operate in both grid connected and islanded modes. Finally, the control system developed is tested in an actual microgrid in order to assess its performance and demonstrate its applicability. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Access network discovery and selection in the evolved 3GPP multi‐access system architecture
Authors: Sachs Joachim , Olsson Magnus 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe system architecture evolution (SAE) of mobile networks specified in 3GPP release 8 comprises an evolved packet core (EPC) network to which different types of access networks can be connected. Inter‐system mobility management enables users to change the access network while maintaining ongoing data sessions. One important functionality in a 3GPP system is how a mobile terminal discovers and selects available access networks. In this paper we describe the access network discovery and selection functionality used in 3GPP release 8; we explain the differences of the methods applied for 3GPP access networks (GERAN, UTRAN, E‐UTRAN), for fixed or wireless non‐3GPP access networks (e.g. WLAN, WiMAX), as well as the optimisation used for CDMA2000 access networks. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relation between frontal lobe symptoms and dementia severity within and across diagnostic dementia categories
Authors: Aries Marcel J. H. , Le Bastard Nathalie , Debruyne Hans , Van Buggenhout Michael , Nagels Guy , De Deyn Peter Paul , Engelborghs Sebastiaan 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundTo study frontal lobe symptoms in relation to dementia severity within and across diagnostic dementia categories, a cross‐sectional analysis of behavioural data was performed.MethodsPatients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n = 456), frontotemporal dementia (FTD) (n = 55) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) (n = 48) were included. Dementia severity and frontal lobe symptoms were assessed by means of the global deterioration scale and the Middelheim frontality score (MFS).ResultsIn FTD, no difference in MFS total scores between patients belonging to the mild and severe dementia stages was found (p = 0.828). In AD and DLB groups, significantly higher MFS total scores were found in severe dementia stages compared to mild dementia stages (p < 0.001). Comparing MFS total scores between FTD and AD patients, significantly higher scores were achieved in FTD patients, irrespective of dementia severity (p < 0.001).ConclusionsIn FTD patients, frontal lobe symptoms were severe in the mild, moderate and severe dementia stages although the nature of frontal lobe symptoms depended on disease severity. AD and DLB patients displayed more frontal lobe symptoms in the advanced disease stages as compared to disease onset, suggesting gradual frontal lobe involvement as the disease progresses. The nature of frontal lobe symptoms related to dementia severity differed between AD, DLB and FTD patients, suggesting different patterns of frontal lobe involvement. Last but not the least, these data point to the potential diagnostic value of behavioural observation of frontal lobe symptoms for (differential) dementia diagnosis, especially at the earliest disease stages. These findings await confirmation through a prospective, longitudinal study. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Research capacity strengthening: donor approaches to improving and assessing its impact in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Gadsby Erica Wirrmann 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIncreasing attention, and a concomitant increase in funds, is being devoted to the strengthening of research capacity for health within low‐ and middle‐income countries. Yet approaches to research capacity strengthening (RCS) are still new, and there is much debate about how to strengthen something that is so difficult to define, let alone measure. This paper aims to inform our understanding of how research capacity is being strengthened, and how we might consider the effectiveness of these initiatives. It does this by examining (a) understandings of and approaches to RCS, and (b) different ways in which RCS is monitored and evaluated. The study included a literature review, internet search, and analysis of the web pages and available documents for six donor organizations key to health RCS. E‐mail and telephone discussions were conducted with experts in the area of health RCS, as well as semi‐structured telephone interviews with representatives from the six identified organizations. The study found that understandings of and approaches to RCS are wide ranging. We are at the early stages of knowing how best to identify, target and affect the many factors that are important for stronger research capacity. Furthermore, as RCS initiatives become more wide‐ranging and complex, they become more difficult to monitor and evaluate. Donors are struggling with many challenges associated with tracking RCS initiatives. There is no consensus on the best methods or tools to use. There is a clear need for improved strategies and the development of a tried and tested framework for RCS tracking. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Piezometric response in zones of a watershed with lateral preferential flow as a first‐order control on subsurface flow
Authors: Anderson A. E. , Weiler M. , Alila Y. , Hudson R. O. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractCharacterizing zones of a watershed based on the water table is used to understand and predict internal watershed processes. In watersheds dominated by lateral preferential flow, the water table response typically shows a distinct hydraulically limited pattern. This response is characterized by a capping of the rising water table when the lateral preferential flow features are activated and subsurface flow still increases. We expected that this response would be related to the contributing area since nearby hillslope excavations showed that the development of preferential flow network was positively correlated with the contributing area. The watershed was stratified into three predetermined zones and installed 25 piezometers to measure the water table dynamics. The objectives were (1) to characterize the water table–runoff relationship, (2) to prove preferential flow by observable characteristics and (3) to test the feasibility of identifying areas within a watershed that are dominated by lateral preferential flow. Watershed zones were not well defined and there was no strong relationship between the hydraulically limited response and observable watershed characteristics. Although zones might still be useful for grouping the hillslope processes, the piezometric response may not be an appropriate indicator for mapping the watershed into areas with runoff dominated by lateral preferential flow. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Storm flow and baseflow response to reduced acid deposition—using Bayesian compositional analysis in hydrograph separation with changing end members
Authors: Tetzlaff D. , Brewer M. J. , Malcolm I. A. , Soulsby C. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we present the analysis of long‐term (since 1989) hydrochemical data from two small (ca1 km2) catchments in Central Scotland. Both catchments have experienced marked reductions in acid deposition. Time‐series analysis of stream water alkalinity, although systematically changing as a result of recovery from acidification, was used to conceptualize how the composition and contribution of different hydrological sources responded over the study period. Nonlinear curve fitting methods allowed the temporal changes in concentration–discharge relationships to be sufficiently well described to assess the impact of reduced acid deposition on storm flow and baseflow hydrochemistry. A Bayesian compositional analysis was applied to facilitate chemically based hydrograph separation. This allowed temporal variation over longer time periods in catchment‐scale hydrological source contributions (specifically groundwater) to be estimated. Although these showed no systematic trend, they did differ between the two catchments, most likely as a result of small, but significant differences in the riparian soil cover. Understanding such changes to high and low flows over time is of paramount importance as such flow extremes have the most relevance to applied problems, particularly those related to environmental change. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
IHMS—Integrated Hydrological Modelling System. Part 2. Application of linked unsaturated, DiCaSM and saturated zone, MODFLOW models on Kouris and Akrotiri catchments in Cyprus
Authors: Ragab Ragab , Bromley John , Dörflinger Gerald , Katsikides Savvas 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe integrated hydrological modelling system, IHMS, has been described in detail in Part 1 of this paper. The system comprises three models: Distributed Catchment Scale Model (DiCaSM), MODFLOW (v96 and v2000) and SWI. The DiCaSM simulates different components of the unsaturated zone water balance, including groundwater recharge. The recharge output from DiCaSM is used as input to the saturated zone model MODFLOW, which subsequently calculates groundwater flows and head distributions. The main objectives of this paper are: (1) to show the way more accurate predictions of groundwater levels in two Cyprus catchments can be obtained using improved estimates of groundwater recharge from the catchment water balance, and (2) to demonstrate the interface utility that simulates communication between unsaturated and saturated zone models and allows the transmission of data between the two models at the required spatial and temporal scales. The linked models can be used to predict the impact of future climate change on surface and groundwater resources and to estimate the future water supply shortfall in the island up to 2050. The DiCaSM unsaturated zone model was successfully calibrated and validated against stream flows with reasonable values for goodness of fit as shown by the Nash‐Sutcliffe criterion. Groundwater recharge obtained from the successful tests was applied at various spatial and temporal scales to the Kouris and Akrotiri catchments in Cyprus. These recharge values produced good estimates of groundwater levels in both catchments. Once calibrated, the model was run using a number of possible future climate change scenarios. The results showed that by 2050, groundwater and surface water supplies would decrease by 35% and 24% for Kouris and 20% and 17% for Akrotiri, respectively. The gap between water supply and demand showed a linear increase with time. The results suggest that IHMS can be used as an effective tool for water authorities and decision makers to help balance demand and supply on the island. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic evolution of nutrient discharge under stormflow and baseflow conditions in a coastal agricultural watershed in Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, Japan
Authors: Blanco Ariel C. , Nadaoka Kazuo , Yamamoto Takahiro , Kinjo Koichi 
Published: April 2010

AbstractExcessive terrestrial nutrient loadings adversely impact coral reefs by primarily enhancing growth of macroalgae, potentially leading to a phase‐shift phenomenon. Hydrological processes and other spatial and temporal factors affecting nutrient discharge must be examined to be able to formulate effective measures for reducing nutrient export to adjacent reefs. During storm events and baseflow periods, water samples were obtained from the tropical Todoroki River, which drains an intensively agricultural watershed into Shiraho coral reef. In situ nutrient analyzers were deployed for 6 months to hourly measure dissolved nutrient (NO3−‐N and PO43−‐P) concentrations. Total phosphorus (TP) and suspended solid concentration (TSS) were increased by higher rainfall intensity (r = 0·94, p < 0·01) and river discharge Q (r = 0·88, p < 0·01). In contrast, NO3−‐N concentration tends to decrease drastically (e.g. from 3 to 1 mg l−1) during flood events. When base flow starts to dominate afterwards, NO3−‐N manifested an increasing trend, but decreases when baseflow discharge becomes low. This counter‐clockwise hysteresis for NO3−‐N highlights the significant influence of groundwater discharge. N delivery can therefore be considered a persistent process compared to sediment and P discharge, which are highly episodic in nature. Based on GIS analysis, nutrient concentration along the Todoroki River was largely affected by the percentage of sugarcane/bare areas and bedrock type. The spatial distribution of N concentration in the river reflects the considerable influence of subsurface geology—higher N levels in limestone‐dominated areas. P concentrations were directly related to the total length of artificial drainage, which enhances sediment transport. The use of high‐resolution monitoring data coupled with GIS‐based spatial analysis therefore enabled the clarification of control factors and the difference in the spatio‐temporal discharge characteristics between N and P. Thus, although erosion‐reduction schemes would reduce P discharge, other approaches (e.g. minimize fertilizer) are needed to reduce N discharge. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On nonparametric estimation of a hedonic price function
Authors: Haupt Harry , Schnurbus Joachim , Tschernig Rolf 
Published: April 2010

AbstractRecently, using mixed data on Canadian housing, Parmeter, Henderson, and Kumbhakar (Journal of Applied Econometrics 2007; 22: 695–699) found that a nonparametric approach for estimating a hedonic house price function is superior to formerly suggested parametric and semiparametric specifications. We carefully reanalyze these specifications for this dataset by applying a recent nonparametric specification test and simulation‐based prediction comparisons. For the case at issue our results suggest that a previously proposed parametric specification does not have to be rejected and we illustrate how nonparametric methods provide valuable insights during all modeling steps. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thrombin stimulates RPE cell motility by PKC‐ζ‐ and NF‐κB‐dependent gene expression of MCP‐1 and CINC‐1/GRO chemokines
Authors: Palma‐Nicolás José Prisco , López Edith , López‐Colomé Ana María 
Published: April 2010

AbstractRetinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) are the major cell type involved in the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), which involves the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, proliferation, and directional migration of transformed RPE cells to the vitreous upon RPE exposure to serum components, thrombin among them. Although the aqueous humor and vitreous of PVR patients contain high levels of chemokines, their possible involvement in PVR development has not been explored. We here analyzed the effect of thrombin on chemokine gene expression and its correlation with RPE cell migration using rat RPE cells in culture as a model system. We demonstrated that thrombin induces RPE cell migration through the dose‐dependent stimulation of MCP1 and GRO expression/release, and the autocrine activation of CXCR‐2 and CCR‐2 chemokine receptors. Whereas inhibition of CXCR2 by Sb‐225002 and of CCR2 by Rs‐504393 partially prevented hirudin‐sensitive cell migration, the joint inhibition of these receptors abolished thrombin effect, suggesting the contribution of distinct but coincident mechanisms. Thrombin effects were not modified by Ro‐32‐0432 inhibition of conventional/novel PKC isoenzymes or by the MAPkinase pathway inhibitor U0126. MCP1 and GRO expression/secretion, and cell migration were completely prevented by the inhibitory PKC‐ζ pseudosubstrate and by the nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) inhibitor BAY11‐7082, but not by wortmannin inhibition of PI3K. Results show that signaling pathways leading to RPE cell migration differ from the MEK–ERK–PI3K‐mediated promotion RPE of cell proliferation, both of which concur at the activation of PKC‐ζ. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.