bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gekrümmte Sandwichpaneele
Authors: Berner Klaus 
Published: May 2010

AbstractZur Zeit werden fast ausschließlich gerade, ebene Sandwichbauteile – meist bestehend aus dünnen metallischen Deckschichten und einem Kern aus Polyurethan oder Mineralwolle, für Wandverkleidungen und Dacheindeckungen großtechnisch eingesetzt. Die Elemente werden dabei auf eine tragende Unterkonstruktion montiert. Die Verwendung dieser Sandwichbauteile, einschließlich eines genau definierten Nachweisverfahrens, ist in der europäischen Norm DIN EN 14509 geregelt. Die statischen Systeme entsprechen Einfeld‐ oder Durchlaufträgern, wobei stets bei den Nachweisen die Nachgiebigkeit der Kernschicht beachtet werden muss (Sandwichtheorie).Zur Erweiterung der Marktchancen ist es sicher interessant, alternative Bauweisen unter Verwendung von Sandwichbauteilen zu erforschen und zu entwickeln. Eine Alternative ist zum Beispiel die Verwendung von gekrümmten Sandwichbauteilen, die sowohl in architektonischer als auch in statischer Hinsicht innovative Lösungen für spezielle Dachkonstruktion ermöglichen. Die gekrümmten Bauteile können in statischer Hinsicht als Zweigelenkbogen ausgeführt werden und unterscheiden sich dadurch generell gegenüber den Trägersystemen der geraden Elemente. Eine vergleichende Gegenüberstellung der Bauweisen, einschließlich der konstruktiven Besonderheiten, zeigt Möglichkeiten und Effizienz bei der Verwendung von gekrümmten Bauteilen.Curved sandwich panels. At the moment almost all straight flat sandwich panels, mostly consisting of thin metal faces and a core of polyurethane or mineral wool, are used either as wall claddings or roof coverings. For this purpose the elements are mounted on load bearing substructures. The application of these panels, including an accurate method for design by calculation, is regulated in the European standard DIN EN 14509. The static systems are one‐ or multi‐span bending beams. For the design the shear flexibility of the core shall be always taken into account (Sandwich‐Theory). To broaden the market for sandwich panels it is certainly interesting to research and develop alternative construction methods with sandwich panels. One alternative is e.g. the application of curved panels, which offer for architectural and statical regards innovative solutions for special constructions. The curved panels could be used as arch‐constructions, which are definitely different static systems in comparison to the beam‐systems of the flat panels. On the base of a comparison of the two construction methods, also regarding the constructive details, the possibilities and the efficiency are shown with the application of curved panels.
Physiological Levels of Reactive Oxygen Species Are Required to Maintain Genomic Stability in Stem Cells
Authors: Li Tao-Sheng , Marbán Eduardo 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Stem cell cytogenetic abnormalities constitute a roadblock to regenerative therapies. We investigated the possibility that reactive oxygen species (ROSs) influence genomic stability in cardiac and embryonic stem cells. Karyotypic abnormalities in primary human cardiac stem cells were suppressed by culture in physiological (5%) oxygen, but addition of antioxidants to the medium unexpectedly increased aneuploidy. Intracellular ROS levels were moderately decreased in physiological oxygen, but dramatically decreased by the addition of high-dose antioxidants. Quantification of DNA damage in cardiac stem cells and in human embryonic stem cells revealed a biphasic dose-dependence: antioxidants suppressed DNA damage at low concentrations, but potentiated such damage at higher concentrations. High-dose antioxidants decreased cellular levels of ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated) and other DNA repair enzymes, providing a potential mechanistic basis for the observed effects. These results indicate that physiological levels of intracellular ROS are required to activate the DNA repair pathway for maintaining genomic stability in stem cells. The concept of an “oxidative optimum” for genomic stability has broad implications for stem cell biology and carcinogenesis.
Cocaine causes deficits in radial migration and alters the distribution of glutamate and GABA neurons in the developing rat cerebral cortex
Authors: Lee Chun‐Ting , Chen Jia , Worden Lila T. , Freed William J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPrenatal cocaine exposure induces cytoarchitectural changes in the embryonic neocortex; however, the biological mechanisms and type of cortical neurons involved in these changes are not known. Previously, we found that neural progenitor proliferation in the neocortical ventricular zone (VZ) is inhibited by cocaine; here, we examine the changes in cortical neurogenesis and migration of glutamate and GABA neurons induced by prenatal cocaine exposure. Pregnant rats received 20 mg/kg of cocaine intraperitoneally twice at an interval of 12 h during three periods of neocortical neurogenesis. Neocortical area and distribution of developing neurons were examined by counting Tuj1+, glutamate+, or GABA+ cells in different areas of the cerebral cortex. Cocaine decreased neocortical area by reducing the size of the Tuj1+ layer, but only when administered during early periods of neocortical neurogenesis. The number of glutamatergic neurons was increased in the VZ but was decreased in the outer cortical laminae. Although the number of GABA+ neurons in the VZ of both the neocortex and ganglionic eminences was unchanged, GABA+ cells decreased in all other neocortical laminae. Tangential migration of GABA+ cells was also disrupted by cocaine. These findings suggest that in utero cocaine exposure disturbs radial migration of neocortical neurons, possibly because of decreased radial glia guiding support through enhanced differentiation of neocortical VZ progenitors. Cocaine interrupts radial migration of both glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons within the neocortex, in addition to the tangential migration of GABAergic neurons from the subcortical telecephalon. This may result in abnormal neocortical cytoarchitecture and concomitant adverse functional effects. Synapse 65:21–34, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Levator avulsion is a risk factor for cystocele recurrence
Authors: Dietz H. P. , Chantarasorn V. , Shek K. L. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectivesTo determine whether levator avulsion is a risk factor for recurrence after cystocele repair.MethodsThis was an audit of women who underwent anterior colporrhaphy at a tertiary hospital between 2002 and 2005, who were followed up by interview, clinical examination and four‐dimensional translabial ultrasound examination 3–6 years later.ResultsOf 242 patients identified through theater records we were able to contact 171 (71%). Of 83 who agreed to attend, 24 (29%) reported symptoms of recurrent prolapse. There were 33 (40%) recurrent cystoceles (Stage 2 + ), and 34 (41%) had a significant cystocele on ultrasound examination. On pelvic floor tomographic ultrasound examination, a levator avulsion was detected in 29 (35%) patients. The relative risk of recurrence in women with avulsion was 3.9 (95% CI, 2.4–5.8) when ultrasound criteria of recurrent cystocele were used, and 2.9 (95% CI, 1.7–4.5) when using clinical staging.ConclusionLevator avulsion is associated with a relative risk of 3–4 for cystocele recurrence after anterior colporrhaphy. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simple learning automata‐based solution for intrusion detection in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Misra Sudip , Krishna P. Venkata , Abraham Kiran Isaac 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe protocols in designed for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have a unique requirement for being of low complexity and energy‐efficient. Due to their possible deployment in remote locations for civil, educational, scientific, and military purposes, security, which includes intrusion detection and intrusion prevention, is of utmost importance. In this paper, we propose a simple, low complexity, and energy‐aware protocol for intrusion detection in WSN. The protocol is self‐learning and distributed in nature. The distributed nature avoids all other nodes being sacrificed when a single node is compromised. The protocol juxtaposes the concept of stochastic learning automata on packet sampling mechanism to achieve an energy aware intrusion detection system. We have rigorously evaluated the performance of our proposed solution by performing a variety of experiments and have found our solution approach to be promising. In the experiments performed the highest achieved packet sapling efficiency was 97%. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Survey and experiments of WIA‐PA specification of industrial wireless network
Authors: Liang Wei , Zhang Xiaoling , Xiao Yang , Wang Fuqiang , Zeng Peng , Yu Haibin 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWireless process control has been a popular topic recently in the field of industrial control. In the industrial field, wireless technologies are considered despite the lack of an ideal industrial wireless standard. However, application development of industrial wireless networks is slow due to the lack of an ideal standard. Open standards are the foundation of industrial wireless application extensions. This paper first summarizes a standardized process for industrial wireless network technologies and then introduces network composition, network topology, protocol stack architecture, and some key protocol technologies of WIA‐PA, which is an international specification of industrial wireless networks for process automation. Furthermore, a comparison between WIA‐PA and other main industrial wireless network specifications like WirelessHART and ISA100.11a is provided. Architecture and key technologies of a WIA‐PA are also introduced. Our first‐hand experiences in developing WIA‐PA testbed based on the modularization method are given. Finally, experiment results illustrate the performance and efficiency of WIA‐PA. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Choline and betaine in health and disease
Authors: Ueland Per Magne 
Published: May 2010

AbstractCholine is an essential nutrient, but is also formed by de novo synthesis. Choline and its derivatives serve as components of structural lipoproteins, blood and membrane lipids, and as a precursor of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Pre‐and postnatal choline availability is important for neurodevelopment in rodents. Choline is oxidized to betaine that serves as an osmoregulator and is a substrate in the betaine–homocysteine methyltransferase reaction, which links choline and betaine to the folate‐dependent one‐carbon metabolism. Choline and betaine are important sources of one‐carbon units, in particular, during folate deficiency. Choline or betaine supplementation in humans reduces concentration of total homocysteine (tHcy), and plasma betaine is a strong predictor of plasma tHcy in individuals with low plasma concentration of folate and other B vitamins (B2, B6, and B12) in combination TT genotype of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677 C‐>T polymorphism. The link to one‐carbon metabolism and the recent availability of food composition data have motivated studies on choline and betaine as risk factors of chronic diseases previously studied in relation to folate and homocysteine status. High intake and plasma level of choline in the mother seems to afford reduced risk of neural tube defects. Intake of choline and betaine shows no consistent relation to cancer or cardiovascular risk or risk factors, whereas an unfavorable cardiovascular risk factor profile was associated with high choline and low betaine concentrations in plasma. Thus, choline and betaine showed opposite relations with key components of metabolic syndrome, suggesting a disruption of mitochondrial choline oxidation to betaine as part of the mitochondrial dysfunction in metabolic syndrome.
Performance of a Cocoa Butter‐Like Fat Enzymatically Produced from Olive Pomace Oil as a Partial Cocoa Butter Replacer
Authors: Çiftçi Ozan Nazım , Göğüş Fahrettin , Fadıloğlu Sibel 
Published: May 2010

AbstractOlive pomace oil is a by‐product of olive oil processing and it is considered a low‐quality oil. Considering its suitable triacylglycerol (TAG) composition, this work aimed to convert refined olive pomace oil (ROPO) to a cocoa butter (CB)‐like fat using sn‐1,3 specific lipase, and to investigate its performance as a partial CB replacer. CB‐like fat was produced from olive pomace oil by sn‐1,3‐specific lipase‐catalyzed acidolysis in a packed bed reactor. Binary blends of CB and CB‐like fat (CB:CB‐like fat) were prepared in different proportions, and their physicochemical characteristics [TAG content, melting profile, solid fat content (SFC) and microstructure] were investigated. The contents of 1,3‐dipalmitoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐glycerol (POP), 1(3)‐palmitoyl‐3(1)stearoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐glycerol (POS) and 1,3‐distearoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐glycerol (SOS) in the 100:0 blend were 18.9, 33.1 and 24.7%, respectively. These contents decreased to 11.0, 20.0 and 11.7%, respectively, in the 0:100 blend. Although the melting point (28.5 °C) did not change significantly above 30% CB‐like fat addition, the shape of the melting peak became wider and irregular. An isothermal solid diagram of SFC showed that better compatibility was observed at temperatures above 35 °C for all blends. Addition of over 30% CB‐like fat caused significant difference in the microstructure.
Biodiesel (FAME) Productivity, Catalytic Efficiency and Thermal Stability of Lipozyme TL IM for Crude Palm Oil Transesterification with Methanol
Authors: Sim Jia Huey , Kamaruddin Azlina Harun , Bhatia Subhash 
Published: May 2010

AbstractCrude palm oil (CPO) transesterification with methanol at room temperature is an important factor for optimizing biodiesel processing costs with respect to energy input; in addition, good stability of expensive lipase activity was ensured and is reported in this study. The enzyme loading, agitation speed and reaction time at a constant operating temperature of 30 °C were studied to find favourable operational conditions using a factorial design. Statistical analysis was used to assist the enzymatic transesterification so that a reduced mass transfer effect was achieved to obtain high FAME yields. The combination of optimum enzyme loading of 6.67 wt% and 150 rpm agitation speed for the system at 30 °C gave 81.73% FAME yield at 4 h and a production rate of 85.86% FAME yield/h. The high viscosity of CPO observed at 30 °C compared to 40 °C hindered the achievement of 96.15% FAME yield at room temperature. It was found that an increase of 10 °C invariably deactivated the lipase, but was compensated by the enhanced FAME production rate with 96.15% FAME yield after only 4 h reaction time. Thus, 40 °C was considered the most suitable operating temperature for lipozyme TL IM to catalyze CPO transesterification.
Intrapartum and postpartum analgesia for women maintained on buprenorphine during pregnancy
Authors: Meyer Marjorie , Paranya Gretchen , Norris Ananda Keefer , Howard Diantha 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjective: To determine whether buprenorphine maintenance alters intrapartum or postpartum pain or medication requirements.Methods: Sixty three patients treated with buprenorphine for opioid dependence during pregnancy (vaginal n = 44; cesarean n = 19) were matched retrospectively to control women. Analgesic medication and pain scores (0–10) were extracted from the medical record. Primary endpoint: opioid utilization postpartum (oxycodone equivalents). Secondary endpoints: pain scores and intrapartum analgesia.Results: There were no differences in intrapartum pain or analgesia. Following vaginal birth, buprenorphine maintained women had increased pain (buprenorphine 2.7 (1.7, 4.0); control 2.1 (1.2, 3.0), p = 0.006) but no increase in opioid utilization (buprenorphine: 11.8 ± 24.8; control 5.4 ± 10.4 mg/24 h, p = 0.10); following cesarean delivery both pain (buprenorphine: 5.1 (4.1, 6.1); control: 3.3 (2.5, 4.1), p = 0.009) and opioid utilization (buprenorphine: 89.3 ± 38.0, control: 60.9 ± 13.1 mg/24 h, p = 0.004) were increased.Conclusion: Buprenorphine maintained women have similar intrapartum pain and analgesic needs during labor, but experience more postpartum pain and require 47% more opioid analgesic following cesarean delivery.
Predicting the course and outcome of bipolar disorder: A review
Authors: Treuer T. , Tohen M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDespite of advances in pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments, bipolar disorder often entails multiple relapses and impaired psychological functioning. The extent to which modern treatments have influenced the natural course of a mental disorder is uncertain. Prediction of the course and outcome of bipolar disorders continues to be challenging, despite the multiple research efforts worldwide. Due to a lack of laboratory diagnostic tests and biomarkers, psychiatric interview and examination provide the basis for outcome prediction. While considered to have more favorable prognosis than schizophrenia, it is not uncommon for bipolar disorder to include persisting alterations of psychosocial functioning. Although long-term symptomatic remission does not guarantee functional recovery, it may have a favorable impact on long-term overall prognosis. The high degree of treatment resistance in patients with bipolar disorder highlights the need to develop better identification of outcome predictors, prognosis and treatment intervention, designed to reverse or prevent this illness burden. This review summarizes the main factors involved in predicting the course and outcome of bipolar disorder.
Genetic influences on suicide and nonfatal suicidal behavior: Twin study findings
Authors: Pedersen N.L. , Fiske A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIt has been well established that suicidal behavior is familial. Twin studies provide a unique opportunity to distinguish genetic effects from other familial influences. Consistent with findings from previous twin studies, including case series and selected samples, data from the population-based Swedish Twin Registry clearly demonstrate the importance of genetic influences on suicide. Twin studies of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts also implicate genetic influences, even when accounting for the effects of psychopathology. Future work is needed to evaluate the possibility of age and gender differences in heritability of suicide and nonfatal suicidal behavior.
Genetics of HPA-axis, depression and suicidality
Authors: Wasserman D. , Wasserman J. , Sokolowski M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe ultimate consequence of mental ill-health, suicidal behavior (SB), is a significant problem in most societies of the world. Suicide causes about one million deaths worldwide each year, and 10–20 times more people attempt suicide. The causes of why certain people engage in SB are complex, involving for e.g., both environmental and genetic factors, and interactions in-between. Well-established environmental risk factors are events causing significant psychological stress, which are particularly difficult to cope with, e.g. exposure to physical and sexual abuse. Excessive stress have the potential to induce unfavorable effects in a variety of higher brain-functions, incurred as side-effects to maladaptive responses in the genetically controlled stress-responsive neurosystems, e.g. the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis; a major and systemic stress-modulator, which is mainly controlled by the regulatory corticotrophin releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1) gene. Variation in-between individuals in such stress-regulatory genes such asCRHR1, may underlie the causes of the increased susceptibility of certain individuals towards SB. Here we review some of the current knowledge on what is known about the roles of the HPA axis in SB, with a focus onCRHR1.
Genetic and environmental pathways to suicidal behavior: Reflections of a genetic epidemiologist
Authors: Kendler K.S. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a tentative typology of genetic and environmental pathways to suicidal behavior. Ten pathways are proposed and briefly illustrated: (i) direct effects from psychiatric disorders; (ii) direct effects from personality; (iii) direct effects of early adversity; (iv) direct effects of current adversity; (v) indirect effects of genes on selection into adversity (gene–environment correlation); (vi) interactions between genetic risk and current adversity: gene–environment interaction; (vii) interactions between early and current adversity: environment–environment interaction; (viii) interactions between culture and genes; (ix) dynamic developmental pathways involving causal loops from genes to environment and back again; and (x) gene × environment × development interaction.
Clinical aspects of suicidal behavior relevant to genetics
Authors: Apter A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA major hindrance to determining the underlying biology of suicide is the heterogeneity of the phenotype. Not only are there various forms of self-harm and suicidal behaviors but even the finite act of dying by suicide can occur in multiple psychosocial contexts. Of all the different forms of fatal and non-fatal suicidal behaviors, the one that received the most attention is the aggressive impulsive type, which seems to occur in younger people and to cut across nosological entities, although its most classical expression occurs in borderline personality disorder. This focus should not obscure the fact that other forms of suicidal behavior such as those related to demoralization or wounded honor (narcissism) may well have different underlying genetic diatheses.
Two-track categories
Authors: Blanc David , Paoli Simona 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe describe a 2-dimensional analogue of track categories, called two-track categories, and show that it can be used to model categories enriched in 2-type mapping spaces. We also define a Baues-Wirsching type cohomology theory for track categories, and explain how it can be used to classify two-track extensions of a track categoryby a module over.
The hypocholesterolaemic effects ofLactobacillus acidophilusAmerican Type Culture Collection 4356 in rats are mediated by the down-regulation of Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1
Authors: Huang Ying , Wang Jinfeng , Cheng Yi , Zheng Yongchen 
Published: May 2010

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect ofLactobacillus acidophilus4356 on cholesterol metabolismin vivo.Rats were fed a cholesterol-enriched experimental diet with or withoutL. acidophilus4356 supplementation at a dose of 109 colony-forming units per d.L. acidophilus4356 feeding significantly lowered total serum cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and TAG concentrations, but there was no change in the serum HDL-cholesterol concentrations. In addition, total liver cholesterol and TAG were decreased in theL. acidophilus4356-fed group. The expression of Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1) in the duodenum and jejunum was significantly decreased followingL. acidophilus4356 feeding.Lactobacillus acidophilus4356 increased the population of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in the small intestine and faeces compared with the control. These results indicate that the probiotic potential of theL. acidophilus4356 strain in the control of cholesterol is at least partially mediated by the down-regulation ofNPC1L1. Furthermore, these results also potentially suggest a new mechanism that is responsible for the cholesterol-reducing effects of probiotics.