bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arthroscopic Treatment of Multidirectional Glenohumeral Instability in Young Overhead Athletes
Authors: Voigt C. , Schulz A.P. , Lill H. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose:This prospective case series evaluates the outcome, and the return to sports of young overhead athletes with a persistent, symptomatic multidirectional instability (MDI) with hyperlaxity type Gerber B5 treated with an arthroscopic anteroposteroinferior capsular plication and rotator interval closure.Methods:9 young overhead athletes (10 shoulders) with the rare diagnosis of MDI (Gerber B5) and an indication for operative treatment, after a failed physiotherapy program were physically examined 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively by a physical examination, and got a final phone interview after median 39 months.Results:At the final follow-up all patients were satisfied; Rowe Score showed 7 “excellent” and “good” results; Constant Score was “excellent” and “good” in 6, and “fair” in 1 patient. 7/9 returned to their previous sports, 3/9 at a reduced level.Conclusion:Symptomatic MDI requires an individual indication for surgical treatment after a primary conservative treatment. The described arthroscopic technique stabilizes glenohumeral joint. A return to overhead sports is possible but often at a reduced level; returning to high-performance sports cannot be recommended because of the high risk of reinstability.
Polyethylene Oxidation in Total Hip Arthroplasty: Evolution and New Advances
Authors: Gómez-Barrena Enrique , Medel Francisco , Puértolas José Antonio 
Published: January 2010

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) remains the gold standard acetabular bearing material for hip arthroplasty. Its successful performance has shown consistent results and survivorship in total hip replacement (THR) above 85% after 15 years, with different patients, surgeons, or designs.As THR results have been challenged by wear, oxidation, and liner fracture, relevant research on the material properties in the past decade has led to the development and clinical introduction of highly crosslinked polyethylenes (HXLPE). More stress on the bearing (more active, overweighted, younger patients), and more variability in the implantation technique in different small and large Hospitals may further compromise the clinical performance for many patients. The long-termin vivoperformance of these materials remains to be proven. Clinical and retrieval studies after more than 5 years ofin vivouse with HXLPE in THR are reviewed and consistently show a substantial decrease in wear rate. Moreover, a second generation of improved polyethylenes is backed byin vitrodata and awaits more clinical experience to confirm the experimental improvements. Also, new antioxidant, free radical scavengers, candidates and the reinforcement of polyethylene through composites are currently under basic research.Oxidation of polyethylene is today significantly reduced by present formulations, and this forgiving, affordable, and wellknown material is still reliable to meet today’s higher requirements in total hip replacement.
Synthesis, Characterization and Drug Release Behavior of pH‐Responsive O‐carboxymethyl Chitosan‐graft‐poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) Hydrogel Beads
Authors: Ma Liwei , Liu Mingzhu , Chen Jun , Liu Hongliang , Cui Dapeng , Gao Chunmei 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this work, the carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCTS) grafted poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) copolymers were synthesized. The hydrogel beads containing VB2 were prepared from the copolymers by an ionic crosslinked. The experimental results shown that VB2 drug release rate from those beads decreased with the increasing grafting percentage, crosslinker concentration and pH value of the medium. Besides, the beads have the better control ability for releasing of model drug than CMCTS does.
Cytotoxicity and Cell Cycle Effects of Bare and Poly(vinyl alcohol)‐Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Mouse Fibroblasts
Authors: Mahmoudi Morteza , Simchi Abdolreza , Vali Hojatollah , Imani Mohammad , Shokrgozar Mohammad A. , Azadmanesh Kayhan , Azari Fereshteh 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSuper‐paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are recognized as powerful biocompatible materials for use in various biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, magnetic‐resonance imaging, cell/protein separation, hyperthermia and transfection. This study investigates the impact of high concentrations of SPIONs on cytotoxicity and cell‐cycle effects. The interactions of surface‐saturated (via interactions with cell medium) bare SPIONs and those coated with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with adhesive mouse fibroblast cells (L929) are investigated using an MTT assay. The two SPION formulations are synthesized using a co‐precipitation method. The bare and coated magnetic nanoparticles with passivated surfaces both result in changes in cell morphology, possibly due to clustering through their magnetostatic effect. At concentrations ranging up to 80 × 10−3 M, cells exposed to the PVA‐coated nanoparticles demonstrate high cell viability without necrosis and apoptosis. In contrast, significant apoptosis is observed in cells exposed to bare SPIONs at a concentration of 80 × 10−3 M. Nanoparticle exposure (20–80 × 10−3 M) leads to variations in both apoptosis and cell cycle, possibly due to irreversible DNA damage and repair of oxidative DNA lesions, respectively. Additionally, the formation of vacuoles within the cells and granular cells indicates autophagy cell death rather than either apoptosis or necrosis.
Synthesis and Characterization of Thrombin Conjugated γ‐Fe2O3 Magnetic Nanoparticles for Hemostasis
Authors: Ziv Ofra , Lublin‐Tennenbaum Tammy , Margel Shlomo 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThrombin is the final protease produced in the clotting pathways. Thrombin has been used in the clinic more than six decades for topical hemostasis and wound management. In human plasma the half‐life of thrombin is shorter than 15 seconds due to close control by inhibitors. In order to stabilize thrombin, this enzyme was conjugated covalently and physically to γ‐Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles. The physical conjugation was accomplished through adsorption of thrombin to BSA coating on the nanoparticles. The coagulant activity of the covalently bound thrombin was significantly lower than that of the physically adsorbed thrombin. Leakage of the physically bound thrombin into PBS containing 4% HSA was negligible. The physical conjugation of thrombin onto the nanoparticles stabilized the thrombin against its major inhibitor antithrombin III and improved its storage stability. At optimal CaCl2 concentration, the clotting time by the bound thrombin is shorter than that of the free enzyme. This novel conjugated thrombin may be an efficient candidate for topical hemostasis and wound healing.
A megalin polymorphism associated with promoter activity and Alzheimer's disease risk
Authors: Vargas Teo , Bullido Maria Jesus , Martinez‐Garcia Ana , Antequera Desiree , Clarimon Jordi , Rosich‐Estrago Marcel , Martin‐Requero Angeles , Mateo Ignacio , Rodriguez‐Rodriguez Eloy , Vilella‐Cuadrada Elisabet , Frank Ana , Lleo Alberto , Molina‐Porcel Laura , Blesa Rafael , Combarros Onofre , Gomez‐Isla Teresa , Bermejo‐Pareja Felix , Valdivieso Fernando , Carro Eva 
Published: January 2010

AbstractElevated cerebral levels of amyloid beta‐protein (Aβ) occur in Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet only a few patients show evidence of increased Aβ production. This observation suggests that many, perhaps most, cases of AD are caused by faulty clearance of Aβ. Megalin, which plays an important role in mediating Aβ clearance, is an attractive candidate gene for genetic association with AD. To investigate this hypothesis, we analyzed the megalin gene in a population of 2,183 subjects. Genetic analysis indicated that the rs3755166 (G/A) polymorphism located in the megalin promoter associated with risk for AD, dependently of apolipoprotein E genotype. The rs3755166 AA genotype frequency was significantly greater in AD patients than in control subjects. Furthermore, the luciferase reporter assay indicated that the rs3755166 A variant has 20% less transcriptional activity than the rs3755166 G variant. This study provides strong evidence that this megalin polymorphism confers a greater risk for AD, and supports a biological role for megalin in the neurodegenerative processes involved in AD. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simultaneous analysis of serotonin transporter, tryptophan hydroxylase 1 and 2 gene expression in the ventral prefrontal cortex of suicide victims
Authors: Perroud Nader , Neidhart Elizabeth , Petit Brice , Vessaz Monique , Laforge Térèse , Relecom Céline , La Harpe Romano , Malafosse Alain , Guipponi Michel 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSerotonergic signaling abnormalities have been implicated in suicide. Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), the rate limiting enzyme of serotonin biosynthesis and the serotonin transporter (SLC6A4), involved in the reuptake of serotonin from the synaptic gap, play major role in serotonergic signaling. In this study, we aimed to compare the levels of expression of these serotonin‐related genes between suicide completers and controls and to identify genetic loci involved in their regulation. SLC6A4, TPH1, and TPH2 mRNA levels were measured in the ventral prefrontal cortex (VPFC) of 39 suicide completers and 40 matched controls. To identify the molecular basis of gene expression variation, we performed association studies between cis‐acting polymorphisms and SLC6A4, TPH1, and TPH2 transcript levels. Finally, association analyses were carried out between suicide and TPH2 cis‐single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cohorts of 154 suicide completers and 289 control subjects. Whereas SLC6A4 and TPH1 mRNA expression levels did not differ between suicides and controls, TPH2 levels were found significantly increased (P = 0.003) in suicide completers. We observed that SNP rs10748185 located in the promoter region of TPH2 significantly affect levels of TPH2 mRNA expression. However, we did not find positive association between this eQTL (rs10748185) and suicide. Here, we report the simultaneous analysis of the expression of three serotonin‐related genes in the VPFC of suicide victims and controls. This study showed that TPH2 expression levels were increased in the VPFC of suicide victims. Although, we identified a genetic variant that explains variance in TPH2 expression, we did not find evidence associating this cis‐regulatory SNP with suicidal behavior. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sex differences in the vocal repertoire of adult red‐capped mangabeys (Cercocebus torquatus): a multi‐level acoustic analysis
Authors: Bouchet Hélène , Pellier Anne‐Sophie , Blois‐Heulin Catherine , Lemasson Alban 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSex differences in the vocal behavior of nonhuman primates can take various forms: sex‐specific call types, differential production of shared call types, or sex discrepancy in phonation. Also, a growing literature is evidencing that systematically analyzing the vocal repertoires of primates at the call level might lead to underestimating their communicative abilities. Here, we present an extensive multi‐level analysis of the still unknown vocal repertoire of adult red‐capped mangabeys (Cercocebus torquatus), with a special emphasis on sex differences. We collected recordings from seven adult males and seven adult females housed in captivity. We present a structurally‐based classification of mangabey calls that we cross‐validated by an analysis of the associated contexts of emission. We found 12 sound units (including six sex‐specific) that were concatenated to form eight call types (including four sex‐specific), which were produced either singularly or in sequences composed of one (“repetition”) or several (“combination”) call types. We extracted organizational principles that ruled call composition and calling patterns. This revealed a high degree of potentially meaningful variability in terms of semantics and syntax. Male–female discrepancy in terms of phonation could be related to morphological dimorphism and would enable listeners to behave appropriately according to the sex of the caller. Sex differences in repertoire size, structural gradation, and call usage could reflect specificities of male–female social roles. We discuss the pertinence of these sex differences according to social system and habitat quality. Am. J. Primatol. 72:360–375, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Single Molecules as Optical Nanoprobes for Soft and Complex Matter
Authors: Kulzer Florian , Xia Ted , Orrit Michel 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe optical signals of single molecules provide information about structure and dynamics of their nanoscale environment, free from space and time averaging. These new data are particularly useful whenever complex structures or dynamics are present, as in polymers or in porous oxides, but also in many other classes of materials, where heterogeneity is less obvious. We review the main uses of single molecules in studies of condensed matter at nanometer scales, especially in the fields of soft matter and materials science. We discuss several examples, including the orientation distribution of molecules in crystals, rotational diffusion in glass‐forming molecular liquids, polymer studies with probes and labeled chains, porous and heterogeneous oxide materials, blinking of single molecules and nanocrystals, and the potential of surface‐enhanced Raman scattering for local chemical analysis. All these examples show that static and dynamic heterogeneities and the spread of molecular parameters are much larger than previously imagined.
Characterization of single‐walled carbon nanotubes synthesized using iron and cobalt nanoparticles derived from self‐assembled diblock copolymer micelles
Authors: Fu Qiang , Reed Luke , Liu Jie , Lu Jennifer 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe present a comparative study of single‐walled carbon nanotubes grown using iron and cobalt nanoparticles as catalysts via the chemical vapor deposition approach. Monodispersed iron and cobalt oxide nanoparticles with an average size of 2 nm were prepared using a polystyrene‐b‐poly (4‐vinylpyridine) diblock copolymermicelle template. The 2 nm iron oxide nanoparticles generated single‐walled carbon nanotubes with an average diameter of 1.5 nm while 2 nm cobalt oxide nanoparticles produced single‐walled carbon nanotubes with an average diameter of 1.0 nm. To achieve high growth yield using iron nanoparticles as catalyst, higher carbon feed rate is required. These findings demonstrate the importance of the synergic interaction between catalyst and carbon precursor in single‐walled carbon nanotube formation. It also elucidates the important role of catalyst chemical composition on carbon nanotube properties. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of polypyrrole composites for corrosion protection of steel
Authors: Selvaraj M. , Palraj S. , Maruthan K. , Rajagopal G. , Venkatachari G. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractCorrosion protection performance of epoxy polyamide coatings containing polypyrrole (PPy) composites for steel has been studied. PPy and its composites have been synthesized chemically using potassium permanganate and potassium per sulfate as oxidants. The PPy has been characterized by four probe method for conductivity, atomic absorption spectroscopy for elemental analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectra for proving the incorporation of dopant in this polymers. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) study has revealed the presence of manganese dioxide in the polymer. The elemental analysis and the thermo gravimetric analysis measurements showed that the presence of manganese dioxide in the polymer is about 75%. The thermal stability of deprotonated polymer has improved. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic analysis indicated that the epoxy polyamide/PPy‐MnO2 coating showed the maximum resistance value of 2.196 × 107 Ω cm2 after 30 days immersion in 3% sodium chloride solution. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Fabrication and properties of solution‐cast polyaniline/carboxymethylchitin blend films
Authors: Thanpitcha Tuspon , Sirivat Anuvat , Jamieson Alexander M. , Rujiravanit Ratana 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBlend films consisting of polyaniline in emeraldine base form (PANI EB) dispersed in partially cross‐linked carboxymethylchitin (CM‐chitin) were prepared by solution casting, and characterized for their physical, thermal, and electrical properties. Homogeneous and mechanically robust blend films were obtained having PANI EB contents up to 50 wt % in the CM‐chitin matrix. FTIR spectra confirm intimate mixing of the two blend components. The thermal stability of the blend films increased with increase of PANI EB content, suggesting the formation of an intermolecular interaction, such as hydrogen bonding, between PANI EB and CM‐chitin chains. The addition of PANI EB into the pure CM‐chitin film resulted in a decrease in electrical conductivity of the films owing to disruption of ionic conduction of the CM‐chitin structure. After doping the blend films by immersion in HCl solution, the electrical conductivity of the HCl‐doped films increased with increase of the PANI EB content to a maximum value of the order of 10−3 S/cm at 50 wt % PANI EB content. The electrical conductivity of the blend films was also dependent on the HCl concentration as well as on the type of acid dopant. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Synthesis of lactose‐containing glycopolymer‐grafted silica gel particles
Authors: Guo Tian‐Ying , Liu Ping , Xia Yong‐Qing , Song Mou‐Dao 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe surface free‐radical graft polymerization of 2‐O‐meth‐acryloyloxyethoxyl‐(2,3,4,6‐tetra‐O‐acetyl‐β‐D‐galactopyranosyl)‐(1‐4)‐2,3,6‐tri‐O‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside onto silica gel particles has been carried out with azobis (isobutyronitrile) as initiator. The grafting reaction conditions and the glycopolymer‐grafted silica gel particles have been investigated in detail. Chromatographic experiments have been attempted on glycopolymer‐modified silica gel particles as a stationary phase under normal phase conditions, and it was found that a certain separation effect of the quercetin and its derivant isorhamnetin was achieved. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Benzotrifluoromethyl group‐substituted poly(para‐phenylenevinylene): Effect on solubility, optical, and electronic properties
Authors: Chatterjee Shyambo , Kumar Sen Suman , Maji Samarendra , Dasgupta Barnali , Banerji Pallab , Banerjee Susanta 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA new organosoluble benzotrifluoromethyl group containing poly(p‐phenylenevinylene) (BTFM‐PPV) has been synthesized via Gilch polymerization. The polymer is soluble in common organic solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, dichloromethane, toluene, and xylene. BTFM‐PPV exhibited fluorescence emission peak with a very high blue shift at 474 nm with an excitation wavelength at 420 nm compared with many other PPV derivatives reported earlier. Incorporation of fluorated bezotrifluoromethyl pendent group in the PPV backbone lowers the HOMO and LUMO energy levels of BTFM‐PPV (2.48 eV) which retarded the hole injection and increase the electron injection in the device. The current–voltage (I–V) characteristic of the polymer was measured by fabricating the polymer as ITO/BTFM‐PPV/Al diode. The device performance was markedly improved by incorporation of 4‐fluoro‐3trifluoromethylphenyl units into the polymer main chain. The turn on voltage of the device observed from the I–V measurements was 7 V. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Poly(vinyl alcohol) and layered double hydroxide composites: Thermal and mechanical properties
Authors: Ramaraj B. , Nayak Sanjay K. , Yoon Kuk Ro 
Published: January 2010

AbstractNanocomposites of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with Mg‐Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were prepared with different compositions, viz., 2, 4, 6, and 8 wt %, of LDH, by solution‐intercalation method. The effect of LDH contents on thermal, physicomechanical, and morphological property of PVA films were investigated. Differential scanning calorimetric analysis reveals that LDH layers promote a new crystalline phase for PVA. The tensile analysis of PVA/LDH nanocomposites indicates reduction in tensile strength and modulus with change in LDH concentration and moisture. The microstructure analysis by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy demonstrates exfoliation and dispersion of LDHs in the PVA matrix in a disorderly fashion. The primary focus of the present investigation is to explore the potential of LDHs as nanofiller in a polyhydroxy polymer without surface modification. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Effects of solvent sort, PES and PVP concentration on the properties and morphology of PVDF/PES blend hollow fiber membranes
Authors: Wu Lishun , Sun Junfen , He Chunju 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPoly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/polyethersulfone (PES) hollow‐fiber membranes were spun by dry–wet spinning setup. PVDF and PES were employed as base polymers. Four different solvents including dimethyl sulphoxide, dimethyl formamide, 1‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone, and dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) were used as the solvents. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was used as pore‐forming additive. The preparation variables in this work are sort of solvents, content ratio of PVDF/PES, and concentration of PVP. The membranes prepared by phase inversion were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy. Membrane performance was evaluated by shrinkage ratio, pure water flux and retention to bovine serum albumin (BSA). The shrinkage ratio of PVDF/PES blend hollow fiber membrane decreases when DMAc was used as a solvent. The pure water flux of blend membranes reaches the maximum and the retention to BSA reaches the minimum when the casting solution contains 1.5 wt % PES. The pure water flux reaches the maximum when the concentration of PVP is 5 wt %. The retention to BSA decreases and the shrinkage ratio increases with PVP concentration increasing. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Glutaraldehyde‐crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel discs for the controlled release of antidiabetic drug
Authors: More Swapnil M. , Kulkarni Raghavendra V. , Sa Biswanath , Kayane Navanath V. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHydrogel discs of poly(vinyl alcohol) loaded with glipizide, an oral antidiabetic drug, were prepared with glutaraldehyde (GA) as a crosslinker. Various formulations were prepared with various amounts of polymer, GA, and initial drug. The prepared hydrogel discs were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetric analysis, and X‐ray diffractometry. The dynamic swelling behavior and drug‐release patterns were dependent on the crosslink density. The hydrogel discs were capable of releasing drug for up to 24 h. The discs that were prepared with a higher concentration of GA released the drug more slowly. The release data were fitted to an empirical equation to determine the transport mechanism, which indicated a non‐Fickian trend for drug transport. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010