bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of native and acetylated‐crosslinked waxy corn starch‐beeswax coatings on quality attributes of raspberries during storage
Authors: Pérez‐Gallardo Alfonso , Mattinson Scott D. , Lazcano‐Peralta Alma , Fellman John K. , Barbosa‐Cánovas Gustavo , García‐Almendárez Blanca , Regalado Carlos 
Published: April 2012

AbstractEdible coatings (ECs) are a thin layer of a mixture of edible materials, applied in the liquid state and dried over the surface of a food product to maintain its quality during storage. This work was aimed to study the effect of ECs made from wx corn starch (WCS) or acetylated cross‐linked starch (ACLS) added with beeswax on fresh raspberry quality attributes during short‐term cold storage. Freshly harvested fruits were coated, dried, packed in plastic trays and stored up to 8 days at 4°C. During storage quality parameters such as firmness, respiration rate, anthocyanins content, total phenols, color changes, and weight loss were evaluated. A clear effect on control of respiration rate was observed in coated raspberries. Respiration rate of uncoated fruit was 4.5 ± 0.28 mmol/kg/h and decreased to 4.2 ± 0.27 for ACLS and to 4.1 ± 0.08 mmol/kg/h for WCS‐coated raspberries, after 56 h of storage at 15°C. Ethylene production followed a similar trend under these conditions decreasing from 0.043 ± 0.005 to 0.034 ± 0.004 mmol/kg/h for uncoated and ACLS coated fruits, respectively, indicating an effect on ripening control. Additionally, ACLS and WCS coatings permitted the preservation of color without affecting anthocyanins content. However, the presence of anaerobic metabolites and reduction of terpenes production in cold stored coated raspberries indicated hypoxic conditions, which can adversely affect shelf‐life quality attributes of raspberries such as firmness and weight loss.
Bridging the innovation divide: The Brazilian experience
Authors: Gouvea Raul , Kassicieh Suleiman 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to discuss the Brazilian innovation environment. It addresses the challenges, promises, bottlenecks, and opportunities by examining the country's quest to bridge the innovation divide. In addition, it applies the main dimensions of the “innovation diamond model” to assess how the country is faring in its journey toward competitiveness. The article analyzes Brazil's main innovation policies and agencies. Its companies and policymakers have recently understood that, without a dynamic and rich innovation environment, it will not be able to design long‐term economic development strategies and engage in long‐term sustainable growth. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Business innovations from emerging market countries into developed countries: Implications for multinationals from developed countries
Authors: Nonis Sarath A. , Relyea Clint 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis article addresses innovation and emerging‐market countries. Both are important topics in the business world today. The focus of this article is on the importance of innovation and market development in emerging‐market countries by Western multinational companies typically based in North America and Western Europe. The authors of this article argue that as Western multinationals innovate and develop emerging markets, this will give multinationals the opportunity not only to compete effectively in emerging markets but also to protect their home markets in developed countries. Implications for Western multinationals are discussed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A study of the impact of Western HRM systems on firm performance in China
Authors: Lin Zhaohong 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBased on a sample of 324 firms in China, the relationship between Western human resource management (HRM) systems and firm performance is examined. The results show that the degree of adoption of Western HRM practices made no statistically significant difference between Chinese and foreign firms and also generally supports the hypothesis that Western HRM systems are positively associated with firm performance in a Chinese context. In addition, the proposed “motivation and support” HRM system appeared to have stronger and more significant relationships than the “skill and development” HRM system. The underlying reasons were identified and some managerial implications for both Chinese and foreign firms were drawn. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Knowledge acquisition strategies of small and medium‐sized enterprises during institutional transition: Evidence from Hungary and Ukraine
Authors: Danis Wade M. , Shipilov Andrew 
Published: April 2012

AbstractDrawing on data from Hungary and Ukraine, this study explores how small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in transition economies acquire the managerial, marketing, and technological knowledge they need to compete in increasingly competitive local and global markets. Although Hungary and Ukraine are at different stages of transition and levels of economic and institutional development, the patterns we observed were remarkably similar, suggesting that shared institutional legacies shape management practice in important ways. Managerial knowledge was perceived as the most difficult to acquire, with technological knowledge being the easiest. Both managerial and marketing knowledge were perceived as critically important for success, although the priority may differ depending on stage of SME development. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of subsidiaries from emerging economies—A survey involving the largest Brazilian multinationals
Authors: de Miranda Oliveira Moacir , Mendes Borini Felipe 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSeveral research projects have been devoted to the study of the internationalization of Brazilian firms; however there is a lack of research related to the strategy and management of subsidiaries of Brazilian multinational corporations in other countries. This article seeks to contribute to filling this gap. An academic research study was conducted involving 30 Brazilian multinational corporations. Of the 93 subsidiaries involved, 66 foreign subsidiaries answered the questionnaires. The main results concern the identification of three factors and the proposition of a typology of Brazilian subsidiaries of multinational corporations: implementing subsidiaries; market‐exploiting subsidiaries, and aspirants to strategically relevant subsidiaries. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stability of a rectangular plate axially compressed on its two opposite free edges
Authors: Sharifian R. , Belubekyan V. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe stability of a rectangular plate under two different compressive loading scenarios applied to the free edges of the plate has been investigated. It is assumed that under the applied load the edges have translational and rotational degrees of freedom. In the first case, a conservative external force, that is assumed to have a fixed direction with respect to the deforming body, is applied while in the second case the load is directed to be tangential to the deflected middle surface, the follower force. It is found that for a sufficiently narrow plate the buckling is localized in the neighborhood of free edges as the conservative load is applied. A similar phenomenon is known for the case when a plate is uniformly compressed along hinged edges. In the case of a follower force, the static formulation of the problem leads to the conclusion that localized buckling does not exist. However, depending on the parameters of the problem, the usual (global) buckling is predicted.
Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of New Lauryl Amidopropyl Trimethyl Ammoniums
Authors: Liu Hongqin , Li Fei , Xu Baocai , Zhang Guiju , Han Fu , Zhou Yawen , Xin Xiulan , Xu Bo 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA new lauryl amidopropyl trimethyl ammonium methyl carbonate with the formula CH3(CH2)10CONH(CH2)3N+(CH3)3CH3CO3− was synthesized via a high pressure process with tertiary amines and dimethyl carbonate, and its chemical structure was confirmed using 1H‐NMR spectra, mass spectral fragmentation, and FTIR spectroscopic analysis. In addition, several quaternary ammonium salts with new counterions X− (X−=HCO3−, HCOO−, CH3COO−, CH3CH(OH)COO−) were also synthesized by the ion exchange reaction of methyl carbonate quaternary ammoniums with corresponding acids. The surface activities of these compounds were measured, including surface tension (γ), critical micelle concentration and minimum surface area (Amin) at 25 °C. Adsorption and micellization free energies of these quaternary ammonium salts in their solutions showed a good tendency towards adsorption at interfaces. The antimicrobial activities are reported for the first time against representative bacteria and fungi for lauryl amidopropyl trimethyl ammoniums. It was found that the antimicrobial potency was Gram‐positive bacteria > fungi > Gram‐negative bacteria.
Plant Remains from the Laisong Formation of Manipur
Authors: Singh M. Chandra , Kushwaha R. A. S. , Srivastava Gaurav , Mehrotra R. C. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Some plant remains are described from the Laisong Formation (Barail Group) of Thoubal and Senapati districts of Manipur. The flora is diverse comprising gymnospermous, monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous forms and indicates tropical to subtropical climate in the vicinity of the area during the deposition of the host rocks.
Establishing a head and neck unit in a developing country
Authors: Aswani J , Baidoo K , Otiti J 
Published: April 2012

AbstractHead and neck cancers pose an especially serious problem in developing countries due to late presentation requiring complex surgical intervention. These countries are faced with many challenges, ranging from insufficient health care staff to problems with peri-operative requirements, diagnostic facilities, chemoradiation services and research funding.These challenges can be addressed through the training of head and neck surgeons and support personnel, the improvement of cancer awareness in local communities, and the establishment of dedicated head and neck institutes which focus on the special needs of head and neck cancer patients.All these changes can best be achieved through collaborative efforts with external partners. The Karl Storz Fellowship in Advanced Head and Neck Cancer, enabling training at the University of Cape Town, South Africa, has served as a springboard towards establishing head and neck services in developing sub-Saharan African countries.
Complete response in a melanoma patient treated with imatinib
Authors: Brown M C , Casasola R J 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground:Imatinib therapy has been successful in gastrointestinal stromal tumours containing mutation of the KIT gene. However, there are few reported cases of successful imatinib therapy in patients with melanoma containing KIT gene mutation or c-kit protein expression.Methods and results:A 52-year-old man developed metastatic melanoma from a primary melanoma in the left side of the nasopharynx. The tumour was positive for c-kit protein, and there was a KIT mutation in exon 11. He was treated with imatinib. A follow-up scan one year later showed a complete response. Treatment targeting the biological characteristics of melanoma proved successful in this patient.
Left-sided neck dissection and chylothorax: a rare complication and its management
Authors: Prabhu V , Passant C 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjective:We present a case of bilateral chylothorax, a rare but life-threatening complication, which developed following a left-sided neck dissection.Method:Case report and literature review.Results:Chylous leakage fistula is a known complication following neck dissection and occurs in 1 to 2 per cent of patients. After left-sided neck dissection, chylothorax is uncommon and bilateral chylothorax is even rarer. Chylothorax is encountered following certain thoracic procedures, especially superior mediastinal dissection for thyroid cancer treatment. We discuss in detail the successful management of a complicated case.Conclusion:We discuss various management options for this condition, and we summarise its successful management within our department.
Theoretical analysis of the ICRH antenna's impedance matching for ELMy plasmas on EAST
Authors: DU DAN , GONG XUEYU , WANG ZHENHUA , YU JUN , ZHENG PINGWEI 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA well-optimized design of an ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) antenna is very important for steady-state plasma heating with high radio frequency (RF) power of several tens of megawatts. However, a sharp decrease in the coupling RF power because of impedance mismatch of ICRH system is an issue that must be resolved for present-day fusion reactors and International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor. This paper has theoretically analyzed the ICRH antenna's impedance matching for ELMy plasmas on experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST) by the transmission line theory. The results indicate that judicious choice of the optimal feeder location is found useful for adjustable capacitors' tolerance to the variations of the antenna input impedance during edge-localized mode (ELM) discharge, which is expected to be good for the design of ICRH antenna system and for real-time feedback control during ELM discharge on EAST.
Reproductive biology of the starfishPharia pyramidatus(Echinodermata: Asteroidea) from the Mexican tropical Pacific
Authors: Benítez-Villalobos Francisco , Martínez-García Maritza 
Published: April 2012

The starfishPharia pyramidatusis a tropical species of high ecological importance, mainly because of its role as generalist predator. Nevertheless, there are no studies about its reproduction. This study analysed the reproductive biology ofP. pyramidatusbased on monthly time-series samples from April 2008 to March 2009 at Isla Montosa in the Mexican tropical Pacific. The gonad index (GI), and pyloric caecum index (PCI) were determined and the results were corroborated by histological examination of the gonads.Pharia pyramidatusis a gonochoric asteroid and the ratio of males to females was not significantly different throughout the year. Gametogenesis showed high synchrony among males and females and five stages were recognized for both sexes. Spawning occurred from July to September. Maximum oocyte size was ~150μm and mean fecundity was 7.3 ± 1.2 millions of oocytes per female. GI and PCI showed seasonal variations and an inverse relationship from May to August. Sea-bottom temperature and photoperiod showed a direct relationship with GI, and apparently constitute the proximate causes of the seasonal reproductive pattern observed inP. pyramidatus, while the highly seasonal rainfall and strong upwelling probably act as ultimate causes.
Severe infections caused bySalmonellaEnteritidis PT8/7 linked to a private barbecue
Authors: MERTENS E. , KREHER H. , RABSCH W. , BORNHOFEN B. , ALPERS K. , BURCKHARDT F. 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYA cohort study on a barbecue-associatedSalmonellaoutbreak was conducted to describe the burden of disease and to identify the outbreak vehicle. Dose–response relationships were tested with Fisher's exact and Wilcoxon rank sum tests (alpha = 0·05).S. Enteritidis isolates were cultured and phage-typed. Information was available for 11 out of 14 individuals attending the barbecue; all were healthy young adults (median age 27 years). The attack rate was 100%. Three cases were hospitalized and two developed acute pancreatitis. The exposure common to all cases was a vegetable pasta salad that had been stored unrefrigerated for 23 h. Consuming higher doses was associated with longer median symptom duration (7 daysvs. 4 days,P = 0·11).S. Enteritidis was found in the stools of nine barbecue guests. Phage type 8/7 was identified in the stools of the salad preparer and one barbecue guest. This outbreak shows thatS. Enteritidis can cause serious infection in young healthy individuals without well-known risk factors.
A 120 GHz FMCW radar frontend demonstrator based on a SiGe chipset
Authors: Jahn Martin , Stelzer Andreas 
Published: April 2012

This paper presents a frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar operating at 120 GHz, which features silicon–germanium (SiGe) chips that employ HBTs with 320 GHz fmax. The chipset comprises a fundamental-wave signal-generation chip with a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) that provides frequencies between 114 and 130 GHz and a corresponding dual–transceiver (TRX) chip that supports monostatic and quasi-monostatic radar configurations. The cascode amplifiers used in the TRX chip were characterized in separate test chips and yielded peak small-signal gains of approximately 15 dB. Finally, a quasi-monostatic two-channel FMCW radar frontend with on-board differential microstrip antennas was built on an RF substrate. FMCW radar measurements with frequency chirps from 116 to 123 GHz verified the functionality of the designed radar sensor.
Immunomodulation by human seminal plasma: a benefit for spermatozoon and pathogen?
Authors: Kelly R W , Critchley H O 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The immunosuppressive effect of human seminal plasma and its implications for sperm survival are reviewed. Human semen contains high concentrations of prostaglandins that can effect a cytokine-mediated switch away from a cell-mediated immune response. This effect on antigen presenting cells would induce a state of non-responsiveness to sperm antigens in the female reproductive tract. It is postulated that the induction of anergy to sperm antigen may be fundamental to the continuing fecundity of the individual. However, although this immune system modulation will benefit the spermatozoa, the response to infective agents present in semen will also be affected, which may play a critical role in the aetiology and progress of sexually transmitted disease.
Structuralism's Unpaid Epistemological Debts
Authors: HALE BOB 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
One kind of structuralism holds that mathematics is about structures, conceived as a type of abstract entity. Another denies that it is about any distinctively mathematical entities at all—even abstract structures; rather it gives purely general information about what holds of any collection of entities conforming to the axioms of the theory. Of these, pure structuralism is most plausibly taken to enjoy significant advantages over platonism. But in what appears to be its most plausible—modalised—version, even restricted to elementary arithmetic, it requires defence of a very strong possibility claim: that there could be a completed w-sequence of concrete objects. There are very serious epistemological difficulties in the way of providing the requisite defence.
Structure in Mathematics
Authors: MAC LANE SAUNDERS 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The article considers structuralism as a philosophy of mathematics, as based on the commonly accepted explicit mathematical concept of a structure. Such a structure consists of a set with specified functions and relations satisfying specified axioms, which describe the type of the structure. Examples of such structures such as groups and spaces, are described. The viewpoint is now dominant in organizing much of mathematics, but does not cover all mathematics, in particular most applications. It does not explain why certain structures are dominant, not why the same mathematical structure can have so many different and protean realizations. ‘structure’ is just one part of the full situation, which must somehow connect the ideal structures with their varied examples.
Dietary Outcomes of the Healthy Dads Healthy Kids Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Burrows Tracy , Morgan Philip J. , Lubans David R. , Callister Robin , Okely Tony , Bray James , Collins Clare E. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTFathers have not been exclusively targeted in family‐based lifestyle programmes. The aim was to determine whether dietary intakes of fathers and children can be improved, following an intervention targeting fathers. Overweight and obese fathers (n = 50, 21–65 years, body mass index [mean ± standard deviation] 33.3 ± 4.1) and their children (5–12 years) were recruited. Dietary intake was assessed at baseline and 6 months (n = 35) by food frequency questionnaire. Linear mixed models determined differences by time. Fathers significantly reduced portion size (P = 0.03) but not energy intakes, whereas children reduced energy intakes (kJ) (P = 0.02). There is an opportunity to target fathers as to improve child intakes.
Developmental Assessment of Infants With Biliary Atresia
Authors: Caudle Susan E. , Katzenstein Jennifer M. , Karpen Saul , McLin Valérie 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of the present study was to investigate whether male and female infants with biliary atresia (BA) differ cognitively and to confirm previously documented developmental lags in infants with BA before liver transplantation.Methods:With the Mullen Scales of Early Learning, we examined 21 female and 12 male infants (ages 3–20 months) with BA, comparing scores across indices by sex and correlating Mullen Scales of Early Learning scores with standard clinical and biochemical parameters.Results:Overall, both boys and girls were found to be vulnerable to developmental lags in the areas of expressive language (EL) and gross motor skills. In comparison with their male peers, girls were found to be weaker in the area of visual reception skills (P = 0.05) with a trend found for EL (P = 0.08). Girls were also found to have higher C‐bilirubin levels and to be of shorter length. Growth parameters were found to be correlated with EL scores. International normalized ratio was found to be correlated with gross motor performance and with a trend also noted for fine motor skills. Age at Kasai predicted receptive language skills.Conclusions:As has been shown, infants with BA appear to be vulnerable to developmental lags before transplantation. In particular, female infants appear to be vulnerable to cognitive and skill delays in comparison with their male peers. C‐bilirubin levels may play a role in this increased vulnerability for females.
Truncation of class IV chitinases from Arabidopsis by secreted fungal proteases
Authors: NAUMANN TODD A. , PRICE NEIL P. J. 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYPlant class IV chitinases have a small amino‐terminal chitin‐binding domain and a larger chitinase domain, and are involved in plant defence against fungal infection. Our previous work on the chitinases ChitA and ChitB from the model monocotyledon Zea mays showed that the chitin‐binding domain is removed by secreted fungal proteases called fungalysins. In this article, we extend this work to dicotyledons. The effects of fungalysin‐like proteases on four class IV chitinases from the model dicotyledon Arabidopsis thaliana were analysed. Four Arabidopsis chitinases were heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris, purified and shown to have chitinase activity against a chitohexaose (dp6) substrate. The incubation of these four chitinases with Fv‐cmp, a fungalysin protease secreted by Fusarium verticillioides, resulted in the truncation of AtchitIV3 and AtchitIV5. Moreover, incubation with secreted proteins from Alternaria brassicae, a pathogen of A. thaliana and brassica crops, also led to a similar truncation of AtchitIV3 and AtchitIV4. Our finding that class IV chitinases from both dicotyledons (A. thaliana) and monocotyledons (Z. mays) are truncated by proteases secreted by specialized pathogens of each plant suggests that this may be a general mechanism of plant–fungal pathogenicity.