bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The incidence and outcome of incidental breast lesions detected by computed tomography
Authors: Hussain A , Gordon-Dixon A , Almusawy H , Sinha P , Desai A 
Published: March 2010

INTRODUCTION In the UK, the majority of breast cancers are diagnosed through symptomatic breast clinics and the breast screening programmes. With increased use of computed tomography (CT) to assess various pathologies, breast lesions are picked up incidentally. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and outcomes of breast lesions detected incidentally on CT scans. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective study was conducted to assess the incidence and outcome of incidentally found breast lesions, which were detected on chest CT scans that were conducted for other pathologies during the period from February 2007 to October 2008. RESULTS A total of 432 chest CT scans were performed over 18 months. Thirty-three (7.63%) patients were found to have an incidental breast lesion. The mean age was 73 years (range, 50–86 years). Of these, 17 (52%) were benign, eight (24%) were primary breast cancer and the remaining eight (24%) had no definite pathology. The detection rate of breast cancer was 1.85%. CONCLUSIONS CT is emerging as an important contributor to the detection of occult breast lesions. Radiological awareness of incidental breast lesions is important so that appropriate referral to a specialised breast unit is made.
Training in the practical application of damage control and early total care operative philosophy – perceptions of UK orthopaedic specialist trainees
Authors: Eardley WGP , Taylor DM , Parker PJ 
Published: March 2010

INTRODUCTIONDespite improvements in the outcome of individuals sustaining significant injury, the optimum management of fractures in traumatised patients remains an area of debate and publication. There is, however, a paucity of studies regarding the specifics of acquired experience and training of junior orthopaedic surgeons in the practical application of these skills. Our null hypothesis is that, despite alteration in surgical training, the perceived confidence and adequacy of training of UK orthopaedic specialist trainees in the application of damage control orthopaedics (DCO) and early total care (ETC) philosophy is unaffected.PATIENTS AND METHODSA web-based survey was sent to a sample of orthopaedic trainees. From 888 trainees, 222 responses were required to achieve a 5% error rate with 90% confidence.RESULTSA total of 232 responses were received. Trainees reported a high level of perceived confidence with both external fixation and intramedullary devices. Exposure to cases was sporadic although perceived training adequacy was high. A similar pattern was seen in perceived operative role with the majority of trainees expecting to be performing such operations, albeit under varying levels of supervision. In a more complicated case of spanning external fixation for a ‘floating knee, trainees reported a decreased level of perceived confidence and limited exposure. One-third of trainees reported never having been involved in such a case. In contrast to nationally collated logbook data, exposure to and perceived confidence in managing cases involving ETC and DCO were similar.CONCLUSIONSDespite changes in the training of junior orthopaedic surgeons, trainee-reported confidence and adequacy of training in the practical application of DCO and ETC was high. Exposure to cases overall was, however, seen to be limited and there was a suggestion of disparity between current operative experiences of trainees and that recorded in the national trainee logbook.
The Musashi family RNA-binding proteins in stem cells
Authors: Horisawa Kenichi , Imai Takao , Okano Hideyuki , Yanagawa Hiroshi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe Musashi family is an evolutionarily conserved group of RNA-binding proteins. In mammal, two members of the group, Msi1 and Msi2, have been identified to date. Msi1 is considered to play roles in maintaining the stem cell status (stemness) of neural stem/progenitor cells in adults and in the development of central nervous system through translational regulation of its target mRNAs, which encode regulators of signal transduction and the cell cycle. Recently, strong expression of Msi1 in various somatic stem/progenitor cells of adult tissues, such as eye, gut, stomach, breast, and hair follicle, has been reported. The protein is also expressed in various cancer cells, and ectopically emerging cells have been found in neural tissues of patients with diseases involving neural disorder, including epilepsy. Many novel target mRNAs and regulatory pathways of Msi1 have been reported in recent years. Here, we present a review of the functions and action mechanisms of Msi1 protein and discuss possible directions for further study.
Identification of candidate molecular markers predicting chemotherapy resistance in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Han Mingyong , Liu Qi , Yu Jiekai , Zheng Shu 
Published: March 2010

Abstract

Background: Empirical chemotherapy for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is recommended, even without knowledge of the tumor's specific biological characteristics, and many patients may not benefit. The goal of this study was to identify potential serum biomarkers that influence resistance to chemotherapy, and to build a model that could be used to predict resistance to chemotherapy of patients with advanced NSCLC.

Methods: A total of 97 NSCLC patients were classified as stage IIIB and stage IV. The chemotherapy regimen was cisplatin plus docetaxel. All patients received two cycles of chemotherapy. Serum protein profiles were detected using surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS) and the spectra were analyzed with a support vector machine (SVM).

Results: For the 93 eligible patients, 22 patients had a partial response (23.7%); 27 patients had stable disease (29.0%) and 44 (47.3%) had progressive disease. One hundred and twenty-eight mass peaks were detected from the chemotherapy sensitive group and the chemotherapy resistant group by receiver operator characteristic curve. The top 10 peaks with the highest area under the curve values were selected, randomly combined, and fed into the SVM. The SVM model with the highest accuracy was used as the diagnostic model. The model constructed using five protein peaks with mass/charge ratios of 3955 Da, 6207 Da, 7992 Da, 9214 Da, and 15,086 Da separated the chemotherapy resistant group from the chemotherapy sensitive group with a sensitivity of 83.3% and specificity of 85.7%.

Conclusions: SELDI-TOF MS may provide a useful means in the search for serum biomarkers for predicting chemotherapy resistance in patients with advanced NSCLC.
Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:863–7.
Full‐Mouth Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy in Fusobacterium nucleatum–Infected Periodontitis Patients
Authors: Sigusch Bernd W. , Engelbrecht Marcus , Völpel Andrea , Holletschke Anne , Pfister Wolfgang , Schütze Juliane 
Published: March 2010

Background: The purpose of this study is to clinically and microbiologically evaluate the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a full‐mouth procedure in Fusobacterium nucleatum–infected patients with periodontitis.Methods: In the present study, PDT is administered adjuvantly after scaling and root planing (SRP) to patients with localized chronic periodontitis (LCP). Twenty‐four patients, in whom only F. nucleatum was detected by baseline polymerase chain reaction (PCR) after SRP, were randomly assigned to PDT and control groups. PDT was carried out once as a full‐mouth disinfection in the test group. The control group was treated with the photosensitizer solution, but without laser irradiation. In all subjects, the clinical parameters plaque index, reddening, bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), gingival recession, and clinical attachment level (CAL) were determined at the baseline examination and at 1, 4, and 12 weeks after PDT. Quantitative analysis of the F. nucleatum DNA concentration was performed by competitive PCR. All clinical indices were calculated for each test and control subject as were the median and interquartile range of each group.Results: In patients with LCP who received PDT treatment, significant reductions in reddening, BOP, and mean PD and CAL were observed during the observation period and with respect to controls. Four and 12 weeks after PDT, the mean PD and CAL showed significant differences from baseline values and from those of the control group. In the PDT group, 12 weeks after treatment, the F. nucleatum DNA concentration was found to be significantly reduced compared to the baseline level.Conclusion: The results of this study show that the adjuvant application of the described PDT method is appropriate to reduce periodontal inflammatory symptoms and to successfully treat infection with F. nucleatum.
Hypertension May Affect Tooth‐Supporting Alveolar Bone Quality: A Study in Rats
Authors: Bastos Marta Ferreira , Brilhante Felipe Vilhena , Gonçalves Tiago Eduardo Dias , Pires Amanda Gonçalves , Napimoga Marcelo Henrique , Marques Marcelo Rocha , Duarte Poliana Mendes 
Published: March 2010

Background:This study evaluates the ligature‐induced bone loss (BL) and quality of tooth‐supporting alveolar bone in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) by histometric, histochemical, and immunohistochemical analyses and assesses the effects of lercanidipine on these parameters.Methods:Wistar rats and SHRs were assigned to one of the following groups: normotensive rats (n = 15), untreated SHRs (n = 15), and treated SHRs (n = 15). The latter group was treated daily with lercanidipine for 45 days. Two weeks after the beginning of drug administration, the first right mandibular molar received a cotton ligature, whereas the contralateral tooth was left unligated. The following parameters were analyzed in the furcation area of decalcified histologic sections: BL, bone density (BD), number of positive cells for tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP+), and expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappa B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG).Results:In ligated teeth, no significant differences among groups were found regarding BL, TRAP+ cells, and the ratio of RANKL/OPG+ cells (P>0.05), although the expression of RANKL was decreased in the treated SHR group (P<0.05). Increased BL and decreased BD were observed around unligated teeth of the untreated and treated SHR groups (P<0.05). In the furcation area of the unligated teeth, the untreated SHR group presented a higher number of TRAP+ cells and higher ratio of RANKL/OPG+ cells compared to the other groups.Conclusions:SHRs present harmful alterations in the quality of tooth‐supporting bone, independently of inflammation. In addition, the administration of lercanidipine for 45 days decreased the expression of bone‐resorption markers.
Girls’ and Boys’ Lexical Availability in EFL
Authors: Jiménez Catalán Rosa M. , Alba Julieta Ojeda 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn the present study we report research conducted with female and male students who were learning English as EFL in the 6th grade of Spanish primary education (end of this educational stage). Our main objective was to ascertain whether there were differences or similarities regarding the number and the kind of words produced by male students compared to those produced by female students in response to cue words from a lexical availability task. Highly significant differences were found in the average number of words produced by the two sexes. Girls achieved higher means than boys for each of the fifteen cue words contained in the lexical availability task.
Neuropathology of the Olfactory Mucosa in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Yee Karen K. , Pribitkin Edmund A. , Cowart Beverly J. , Vainius Aldona A. , Klock Christopher T. , Rosen David , Feng Pu , McLean Judith , Hahn Chang-Gyu , Rawson Nancy E. 
Published: March 2010

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a complex heterogeneous inflammatory disease that affects the nasal cavity, but the pathological examination of the olfactory mucosa (OM) in this disease has been limited. Methods Nasal biopsy specimens were obtained from 20 control subjects and 50 CRS patients in conjunction with clinical assessments. Histopathology of these nasal biopsy specimens was performed and immunohistochemistry was used to characterize nonneuronal, neuronal, and inflammatory cells in the OM. These OM characteristics were then evaluated to determine the degree to which pathological features may be related to smell loss in CRS. Results Histopathological examination of control and CRS OM revealed changes in the normal pseudostratified olfactory epithelium (OE): intermixing of goblet cells, metaplasia to squamous-like cells, and erosion of the OE. Lower percentages of normal epithelium and olfactory sensory neurons were found in CRS OE compared with controls. Relative to other CRS patients, those with anosmia had the greatest amount of OE erosion, the highest density of eosinophils infiltrating the OE, and exhibited the most extensive abnormalities on CT and endoscopic examination, including being significantly more likely to exhibit nasal polyposis. Conclusion Our results suggest that OM pathology observed in nasal biopsy specimens can assist in understanding the degree of epithelial change and sensorineural damage in CRS and the potential for olfactory loss.
Treatment-Recalcitrant Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Polyps is Associated with Altered Epithelial Cell Expression of Interleukin-33
Authors: Reh Douglas D. , Wang Yadong , Ramanathan Murugappan , Lane Andrew P. 
Published: March 2010

Background Abnormalities in host mucosal immunity exist in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs), but it is unclear whether this is a cause or an effect of the eosinophilic inflammation and frequent microbial colonization that characterizes the disease. Sinonasal epithelial cells (SNECs) are critical participants in healthy antimicrobial innate immune defense. They also can promote Th2 inflammation with various mediators, including interleukin (IL)-33, which induces T helper cells to produce Th2 cytokines. Methods CRSwNP SNECs were obtained during sinus surgery and stored. Patients were subsequently classified as either treatment responsive or treatment recalcitrant, based on long-term outcomes of medical and surgical therapy. Epithelial cells from these patients were grown in air–liquid interface (ALI) culture and treated with IL-13, as well as the bacteria-associated molecule, CpG. Expression of IL-33 mRNA was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results Recalcitrant CRSwNP epithelial cells had increased baseline expression of IL-33 compared with responsive CRSwNPs, which was further increased by 24-hour exposure to CpG. Treatment-responsive epithelial cells were not induced by CpG to express IL-33. Prolonged treatment with IL-13 during differentiation at the ALI diminished the baseline expression of IL-33 and prevented the subsequent induction of IL-33 by CpG. Conclusion Mucosal innate immunity likely plays an important role in CRSwNP pathogenesis. A definitive link between infectious triggers and the development of Th2 inflammation has been elusive. We have found constitutive IL-33 expression by SNECs in recalcitrant CRSwNPs, which can be further induced by a bacteria-associated molecular pattern. Dysregulated epithelial cell immune interactions between host and environment may contribute to Th2 inflammation in CRSwNPs.
Effectiveness of Particle Repositioning Maneuvers in the Treatment of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: A Systematic Review
Authors: Helminski Janet Odry , Zee David Samuel , Janssen Imke , Hain Timothy Carl 
Published: March 2010

Background
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common cause of vertigo.

Purpose
The purpose of this systematic review was to determine whether patients diagnosed with posterior canal (PC) BPPV, based on positional testing, and treated with a particle repositioning maneuver will show the resolution of benign paroxysmal positional nystagmus (BPPN) on the Dix-Hallpike Test performed 24 hours or more after treatment.

Data Sources
Data were obtained from an electronic search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases from 1966 through September 2009.

Study Selection
The study topics were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-RCTs, the diagnosis of PC BPPV, treatment with the particle repositioning maneuver, and outcome measured with a positional test 24 hours or more after treatment.

Data Extraction
Data extracted were study descriptors and the information used to code for effect size.

Data Synthesis
In 2 double-blind RCTs, the odds in favor of the resolution of BPPN were 22 times (95% confidence interval=3.41–141.73) and 37 times (95% confidence interval=8.75–159.22) higher in people receiving the canalith repositioning procedure (CRP) than in people receiving a sham treatment. This finding was supported by the results reported in 8 nonmasked quasi-RCTs. Studies with limited methodological quality suggested that a liberatory maneuver (LM) was more effective than a control intervention; there was no significant difference in the effectiveness of the LM and the effectiveness of the CRP; the self-administered CRP was more effective than the self-administered LM; and the CRP administered together with the self-administered CRP was more effective than the CRP administered alone. The Brandt-Daroff exercises were the least effective self-administered treatments.

Limitations
The limitations included the methodological quality of the studies, the lack of quality-of-life measures, and confounding factors in reporting vertigo.

Conclusions
Randomized controlled trials provided strong evidence that the CRP resolves PC BPPN, and quasi-RCTs suggested that the CRP or the LM performed by a clinician or with proper instruction at home by the patient resolves PC BPPN. There were no data on the effects of the maneuvers on outcomes relevant to patients.
Does Peritoneal Dialysis Affect Halitosis in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease?
Authors: Keles Mustafa , Tozoglu Ummuhan , Uyanik Abdullah , Eltas Abubekir , Bayindir Yusuf Ziya , Cetinkaya Ramazan , Bilge Osman Murat 
Published: March 2010

Objective There are various causes of halitosis, one of which is chronic renal failure. The objective of this study was to investigate halitosis levels in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients before and after peritoneal dialysis (PD) therapy. Methods 42 subjects with ESRD were included in this study. The presence of halitosis was assessed using an organoleptic measurement and compared with blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels and salivary flow rates. Decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index and Community Periodontal Index (CPI) were calculated. All measurements were done before and after patients had received 3 months of PD therapy. Results Mean serum BUN level was found to be lower (46.05 ± 13.30 vs 91.24 ± 31.28 mg/dL), salivary flow rate higher (0.34 ± 0.07 vs 0.26 ± 0.04 mL/minute), and halitosis level lower (2.39 ± 0.60 vs 3.90 ± 0.37) at the end of 3 months of PD therapy than at the beginning of PD therapy. There was no significant difference in CPI or DMFT index before and after PD therapy (p > 0.05). There was statistically significant positive correlation between the presence of halitosis and BUN levels ( r = 0.702, p = 0.001 before PD; r = 0.45, p = 0.002 after PD) and a negative correlation between the presence of halitosis and salivary flow rates ( r = -0.69, p = 0.000 before PD; r = -0.37, p = 0.01 after PD). Conclusion High BUN levels and low salivary flow rates were found to be associated with halitosis. PD may play an important role in decreasing the level of halitosis in ESRD patients.
The Effect of Weather on Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) Prescription: Seasonal Variation in PD Dialysate Utilization
Authors: Chen Tzen-Wen , Li Szu-Yuan , Chen Tzeng-Ji , Chen Yu-Chun , Lai Chiu-Ling , Chen Jinn-Yang , Chou Li-Fang 
Published: March 2010

♦ Background There have been no reports on peritoneal dialysis (PD) solution utilization since this treatment was developed in the 1920s. The aim of the present investigation was to investigate if weather affects PD prescription. ♦ Study Design and Methods This 10-year observational study used the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Setting and Participants: Claims for different concentrate PD dialysate were analyzed monthly. 2.5% and 4.25% PD solutes were defined as hypertonic solutions. Predictor: Monthly outdoor mean temperature. Outcome and Measurement: The relationship between monthly mean of PD dialysate utilization and monthly outdoor temperature was analyzed by linear regression. Monthly mean PD dialysate utilization amount in 4 quarters was analyzed by ANOVA. ♦ Results During the 10-year study period, a clear seasonal variation in PD dialysate was observed. This seasonal variation was present regardless of age, gender, and the presence of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Monthly mean temperature was positively correlated to 1.5% dialysate utilization amount ( r = 0.559, p < 0.001) and negatively correlated to 2.5% ( r = –0.533, p < 0.001) and 4.25% ( r= –0.410, p < 0.001) dialysate utilization amount. In longitudinal follow-up, hypertonic PD fluid utilization was higher in diabetic patients than in nondiabetic patients from the beginning of treatment. Thereafter, it increased rapidly and reached a plateau within 1 year. Limitations: Analysis of ultrafiltration amount, blood pressure, and body weight was unfeasible due to the nature of the database. ♦ Conclusions The utilization of differential strengths of PD solutions has a seasonal cyclic pattern, with more hypertonic PD solution utilized in winter and more hypotonic PD solution in summer.
Combination of the AO-Magerl and Load-Sharing Classifications for the Management of Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures
Authors: Katonis Pavlos , Pasku Dritan , Alpantaki Kalliopi , Mavrogenis Andreas F. , Korres Demetrios S. , Sapkas George S. , Papagelopoulos Panayiotis J. 
Published: March 2010

The AO-Magerl classification is widely accepted for the appropriate management of patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures; however, it fails to assess the ability of the injured spine to withstand compressive loading and cannot predict instrumentation failure after short-segment posterior fixation. The load-sharing classification depends on the degree of comminution and apposition of bony fragments.
We retrospectively classified according to both classifications 100 consecutive patients with 1-level thoracolumbar burst fractures treated nonoperatively or operatively within a 7-year period. Sixty neurologically intact patients (60%) were treated nonoperatively, 15 (15%) had short posterior instrumentation, 15 (15%) had short anterior instrumentation, and 10 (10%) had combined short posterior instrumentation and anterior strut grafting. Twenty-five of the 40 (60%) surgically treated patients had neurological impairment on admission. Clinical outcome was assessed using a pain and working ability scale. Mean follow-up was 52 months (range, 24–70 months). Function was satisfactory in 55 (92%) nonoperatively treated patients and in 33 (83%) surgically treated patients. Neurological improvement by American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grade was observed in patients with incomplete paraplegia (70% of neurologically impaired patients) who were treated operatively.
The combination of AO-Magerl and load-sharing classifications provides for accurate selection of treatment, surgical approach, and length of instrumentation, and can guide the decision for additional anterior surgery.