bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polarization reconfigurable transmitarray antenna utilizing single‐layer Huygen element for Ku‐band satellite communication
Authors: Ahmad Ganie Javid , Saurav Kushmanda 
Published: June 2024

SummaryThis paper introduces a concept for designing a polarization reconfigurable transmitarray (PRT). The unit cell of the transmitarray utilizes Huygen elements, with dimensions measuring 0.6
(
corresponds to a frequency of 15 GHz). An equivalent circuit model is proposed for the unit cell based on the two‐port Z‐matrix. The proposed unit cells have a very low insertion loss of 0.5 dB at 15 GHz. The PRT is illuminated by a linearly polarized (LP) microstrip‐printed Yagi antenna. The transmitarray is designed using the
proposed unit cells with a two‐level phase quantization. The collimated LP radiation emitted by the transmitarray subsequently traverses a polarization reconfigurable converter (PRC). The resultant radiation from the PRC can be either LP or circularly polarized (CP), contingent on the configuration of the PIN diodes employed within the PRC. The proposed PRT demonstrates a measured gain of 16 dBi when operating in the LP mode while achieving a peak gain of 15 dBic in the CP mode. The overall size of the proposed PRT is compact owing to a small f/d ratio (0.58). The practicality of the design is validated through fabrication and measurement. This innovative antenna design holds potential applications in the realm of Ku‐band uplink satellite communication.
Sex differences in acute early life stress‐enhanced fear learning in adult rats
Authors: Minshall Brianna L. , Skipper Rachel A. , Riddle Collin A. , Wasylyshyn Catherine F. , Claflin Dragana I. , Quinn Jennifer J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPatients diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) present with a spectrum of debilitating anxiety symptoms resulting from exposure to trauma. Women are twice as likely to be diagnosed with anxiety and PTSD compared to men; however, the reason for this vulnerability remains unknown. We conducted four experiments where we first demonstrated a female vulnerability to stress‐enhanced fear learning (SEFL) with a moderate, acute early life stress (aELS) exposure (4 footshocks in a single session), compared to a more intense aELS exposure (15 footshocks in a single session) where males and females demonstrated comparable SEFL. Next, we demonstrated that this female vulnerability does not result from differences in footshock reactivity or contextual fear conditioning during the aELS exposure. Finally, using gonadectomy or sham surgeries in adult male and female rats, we showed that circulating levels of gonadal steroid hormones at the time of adult fear conditioning do not explain the female vulnerability to SEFL. Additional research is needed to determine whether this vulnerability can be explained by organizational effects of gonadal steroid hormones or differences in sex chromosome gene expression. Doing so is critical for a better understanding of increased female vulnerability to certain psychiatric diseases.
Associations between adversity in the family of origin and hair cortisol concentration in adulthood
Authors: Neppl Tricia K. , Diggs Olivia N. , Lohman Brenda J. , Lee Jeenkyoung , Russell Daniel , Bronikowski Anne M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe current study examined associations between parental adversities as experienced in adolescence and hair cortisol concentration (HCC) 26 years later (n = 47). Specifically, bivariate correlations and linear regressions were used to examine harsh parenting as well as parental economic pressure, emotional distress, and body mass index (BMI) when their adolescent was between 15 and 16 years old (parent average age 43). HCC was measured when the adolescent was an adult (average 42 years old), at a similar age to when their parent(s) first participated in the study. We also assessed their economic pressure, emotional distress, obesity, and perceived stress in adulthood. For results across generations, parental economic pressure experienced during adolescence was significantly related to HCC when these adolescents were adults. None of the adult economic pressure, emotional distress, BMI, and perceived stress variables were associated with their HCC. Interestingly, there were significant associations among adult perceived stress, economic pressure, emotional distress, and obesity. Thus, the association between parental economic pressure and adult HCC is independent of adult adversities. Results highlight early economic adversity as a possible childhood stressor that has implications throughout the life course.
RSA instability in mothers of preschoolers and adolescents is related to observations of supportive parenting behaviors
Authors: Hale Molly E. , Morrow Kayley E. , Xu Jianjie , Han Zhuo Rachel , Oshri Assaf , Shaffer Anne , Caughy Margaret O. , Suveg Cynthia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRespiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA; a measure of respiratory modulation of vagal control of heart rate) is a dynamic process. For mothers, RSA functioning has been associated with depressive symptoms and coincides with supportive parenting. However, research has largely focused on RSA suppression (i.e., difference score from rest to stress task). The present study examined depressive symptoms and supportive parenting with RSA instability—a dynamic measure of the magnitude of RSA change across a task. In two samples of mothers (N = 210), one with preschoolers (Study 1: n = 108, Mage = 30.68 years, SD = 6.06, 47.0% Black, 43.0% White) and one with adolescents (Study 2: n = 102, Mage = 35.51, SD = 6.51, 75.2% Black), RSA instability was calculated during an interaction task. In both studies, instrumental supportive parenting behaviors were negatively related to RSA instability. Findings provide preliminary support for RSA instability as an indicator of physiological dysregulation for mothers.
Proactive cursorial and ambush predation risk avoidance in four African herbivore species
Authors: Bennitt Emily , Bartlam‐Brooks Hattie L. A. , Hubel Tatjana Y. , Jordan Neil R. , McNutt John W. , Wilson Alan M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMost herbivores must balance demands to meet nutritional requirements, maintain stable thermoregulation and avoid predation. Species‐specific predator and prey characteristics determine the ability of prey to avoid predation and the ability of predators to maximize hunting success. Using GPS collar data from African wild dogs, lions, impala, tsessebes, wildebeest and zebra in the Okavango Delta, Botswana, we studied proactive predation risk avoidance by herbivores. We considered predator activity level in relation to prey movement, predator and prey habitat selection, and preferential use of areas by prey. We compared herbivore behaviour to lion and wild dog activity patterns and determined the effect of seasonal resource availability and prey body mass on anti‐predator behaviour. Herbivore movement patterns were more strongly correlated with lion than wild dog activity. Habitat selection by predators was not activity level dependent and, while prey and predators differed to some extent in their habitat selection, there were also overlaps, probably caused by predators seeking habitats with high prey abundance. Areas favoured by lions were used by herbivores more when lions were less active, whereas wild dog activity level was not correlated with prey use. Prey body mass was not a strong predictor of the strength of proactive predation avoidance behaviour. Herbivores showed stronger anti‐predator behaviours during the rainy season when resources were abundant. Reducing movement when top predators are most active and avoiding areas with a high likelihood of predator use during the same periods appear to be common strategies to minimize predation risk. Such valuable insights into predator–prey dynamics are only possible when using similar data from multiple sympatric species of predator and prey, an approach that should become more prevalent given the ongoing integration of technological methods into ecological studies.
Fabrication of a Highly Efficient and Reusable Pd/Al2O3/Al Monolithic Catalyst for the Suzuki‐Miyaura Reaction
Authors: Pan Shiguang , Hu Beibei , Liu Dan , Kuvarega Alex T. , Mamba Bhekie B. , Gui Jianzhou 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAnodization was employed to treat the aluminum foil surface, leading to in situ the generation of Al2O3, consequently amplifying the specific surface area to aid in the dispersal of palladium nanoparticles. Through the anodic oxidation of aluminum followed by a precipitation‐deposition and calcination process, a highly efficient and reusable Pd/Al2O3/Al monolithic catalyst was synthesized. The effectiveness and reusability of the Pd/Al2O3/Al monolithic catalyst were evaluated in the Suzuki‐Miyaura reaction. The turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF) of the Pd/Al2O3/Al monolithic catalyst reached 73,880 and 0.86 s−1, respectively. Furthermore, the catalyst could be recovered and reused in reactions regardless of the used substrates.
Pomegranate seed as a novel source of plant protein: Optimization of protein extraction and evaluation of in vitro digestibility, functional, and thermal properties
Authors: Oroumei Souri , Rezaei Karamatollah , Chodar Moghadas Hooman 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis research was carried out to optimize the extraction process of proteins from pomegranate seeds and characterize their in vitro digestibility as well as their thermal and functional properties. For this purpose, the study screened five parameters (liquid/solid ratio, pH, temperature, NaCl concentration, and time) that could potentially influence the extraction process. This screening was conducted using a two‐level Placket–Burman design (PBD). The significant parameters (pH and NaCl concentration) were subsequently optimized using a three‐level face‐centered central composite design (FCCD) to determine the optimum extraction conditions. A maximum protein recovery of 83.8% was obtained at pH 11.0 and NaCl concentration of 0.0 M. Pomegranate seed protein isolate (PSPI) with a protein content of 92.4% (w/w) was obtained through the isoelectric precipitation of pomegranate seed protein extracted under the optimized conditions. An emulsifying activity index of 14.1 m2 g−1 was observed at the isoelectric pH, where the emulsion stability index was at 8.2%. PSPI also showed high water‐ and oil‐holding capacities (3.7 and 4.3 g g−1, respectively). The essential amino acid levels in PSPI (except for valine and isoleucine) exceeded the recommended amounts set by WHO/FAO/UNU for adults, highlighting its high nutritional value. Based on thermal analysis data, denaturation of PSPI could occur at 89.5°C. The in vitro digestibility of PSPI was found to be 74.3%. PSPI shows a potential as a novel ingredient for substituting animal‐based proteins in various food applications.
Low rate hippocampal delay period activity encodes behavioral experience
Authors: Athanasiadis Markos , Masserini Stefano , Yuan Li , Fetterhoff Dustin , Leutgeb Jill K. , Leutgeb Stefan , Leibold Christian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRemembering what just happened is a crucial prerequisite to form long‐term memories but also for establishing and maintaining working memory. So far there is no general agreement about cortical mechanisms that support short‐term memory. Using a classifier‐based decoding approach, we report that hippocampal activity during few sparsely distributed brief time intervals contains information about the previous sensory motor experience of rodents. These intervals are characterized by only a small increase of firing rate of only a few neurons. These low‐rate predictive patterns are present in both working memory and non‐working memory tasks, in two rodent species, rats and Mongolian gerbils, are strongly reduced for rats with medial entorhinal cortex lesions, and depend on the familiarity of the sensory‐motor context.
Chemical hazard assessment toward safer electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Schwaebe Branden , He Haoyang , Glaubensklee Christopher , Ogunseitan Oladele A. , Schoenung Julie M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Commercialization of rechargeable lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries has revolutionized the design of portable electronic devices and is facilitating the current transition to electric vehicles. The technological specifications of Li-ion batteries continue to evolve through the introduction of various high-risk liquid electrolyte chemicals, yet critical evaluation of the physical, environmental, and human health hazards of these substances is lacking. Using the GreenScreen for Safer Chemicals approach, we conducted a chemical hazard assessment (CHA) of 103 electrolyte chemicals categorized into seven chemical groups: salts, carbonates, esters, ethers, sulfoxides–sulfites–sulfones, overcharge protection additives, and flame-retardant additives. To minimize data gaps, we focused on six toxicity and hazard data sources, including three empirical and three nonempirical predictive data sources. Furthermore, we investigated the structural similarities among selected electrolyte chemicals using the ChemMine tool and the simplified molecular input line entry system inputs from PubChem to evaluate whether chemicals with similar structures exhibit similar toxicity. The results demonstrate that salts, overcharge protection additives, and flame-retardant additives contain the most toxic components in the electrolyte solutions. Furthermore, carbonates, esters, and ethers account for most flammability hazards in Li-ion batteries. This study supports the complementary use of quantitative structure–activity relationship models to minimize data gaps and inconsistencies in CHA. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:2231–2244. © 2024 The Author(s). Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Key Points
Chemical hazard assessment was conducted for 103 electrolyte chemicals, categorized into seven groups, used in lithium-ion batteries. Most of the 103 electrolyte chemicals exhibited high levels of concern relative to human health and environmental hazard endpoints. Nonempirical predictive data sources are essential for filling data gaps commonly encountered in empirical data sources. Structure similarity analysis highlights that chemicals with structure similarity correlate with similar hazard endpoints, increasing the value of predictive data sources.
The scientific tale of the nexus between oil prices, macroeconomic uncertainty and Pakistan's exports to its major trading partners: Insights from advanced methods
Authors: Chishti Muhammad Zubair 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe recent study aims to analyze the nonlinear dynamic effects of oil price shocks and macroeconomic uncertainty on exports. To achieve this, the study utilizes monthly data from July 2003 to December 2020 on oil prices and macroeconomic uncertainty, examining their impact on Pakistan's exports to its major trading partners. To ensure detailed and robust findings, the study employs various advanced econometric tools, including quantile unit root, cointegration, Granger causality tests, and quantile‐on‐quantile regression (QQR) and wavelet quantile correlation (WQC) techniques. The QQR and WQC estimates reveal diverse and nonlinear effects of oil price shocks and macroeconomic uncertainty on exports, reflecting the complexity of the relationship. While oil price shocks (OP) predominantly hinder exports in most cases, a significant and positive association between OP and exports is also observed. Similarly, macroeconomic uncertainty generally exhibits a significantly adverse influence on exports, but positive impacts are also evident. Furthermore, the quantile Granger causality test confirms the presence of a bidirectional causal relationship between the selected series. Based on the results mentioned above, the study argues that the effects of oil price shocks and economic uncertainty are nonlinear, diverse, and complex. As a result, the study suggests implementing phase‐wise policy recommendations to address these complexities.
Relative Bioavailability of Omaveloxolone When Capsules Are Sprinkled Over and Mixed in Applesauce Compared With Administration as Intact Omaveloxolone Capsules: A Phase 1, Randomized, Open‐Label, Single‐Dose, Crossover Study in Healthy Adults
Authors: Hynes Scott M. , Goldsberry Angie , Henneghan Patrick D. , Murai Masako , Shinde Aparna , Wells Jason A. , Wu Lucy , Wu Tony , Zahir Hamim , Khan Seemi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOmaveloxolone (SKYCLARYS®) is approved for the treatment of Friedreich ataxia (FA) in patients aged ≥16 years in the United States and European Union (EU). The recommended dosage is 150 mg administered orally once daily as three 50‐mg capsules. However, some patients with FA may have oropharyngeal dysphagia or difficulty swallowing whole capsules; therefore, alternate method(s) of administration are needed. A Phase 1 clinical study in 32 healthy volunteers evaluated the relative bioavailability, safety, and tolerability of a single dose of omaveloxolone when capsule contents were sprinkled on and mixed in applesauce compared to when taken as intact capsules. Palatability when sprinkled on and mixed in applesauce was assessed with a questionnaire. After a single 150‐mg dose, the peak and overall exposures of omaveloxolone were similar irrespective of administration method, with the 90% CIs of the geometric least squares mean ratio (%) for maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), AUC0‐t, and AUC0‐∞ within the 80% to 125% reference intervals. Omaveloxolone was absorbed more slowly as intact capsules (median tmax, 10 h) compared with sprinkled capsule contents over applesauce (median tmax, 6 h). With chronic daily administration of omaveloxolone to treat FA, the 4‐h difference in tmax is not considered clinically relevant. Sprinkled omaveloxolone capsule contents on applesauce were well tolerated, with acceptable palatability and no serious adverse events. Given the similar systemic exposure when capsules were swallowed whole, sprinkling omaveloxolone capsule contents on and mixing in applesauce is a feasible alternative method of administering omaveloxolone and has been included in both the United States and EU prescribing information.
Reducing stigma and promoting HIV wellness/mental health of sexual and gender minorities: RCT results from a group‐based programme in Nigeria
Authors: Pulerwitz Julie , Gottert Ann , Tun Waimar , Eromhonsele Anita Fernandez , Oladimeji Progress Lanre , Shoyemi Elizabeth , Akoro Mauton , Ndeloa Columbus , Adedimeji Adebola 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionHigh levels of HIV stigma as well as stigma directed towards sexual and/or gender minorities (SGMs) are well documented in the African setting. These intersecting stigmas impede psychosocial wellbeing and HIV prevention and care. Yet, there are few if any evidence‐based interventions that focus on reducing internalized stigma and promoting mental health and HIV wellness for SGMs in Africa. We developed and evaluated a group‐based intervention drawing on cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) strategies for men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) at risk for or living with HIV in Lagos, Nigeria.MethodsThe intervention comprised four weekly in‐person group sessions facilitated by community health workers. We conducted a delayed intervention group randomized controlled trial (April−September 2022), with pre‐post surveys plus 3‐month follow‐up (immediate group only), as well as qualitative research with participants and programme staff. Outcomes included internalized stigma related to SGM and HIV status, depression, resiliency/coping and pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)/HIV treatment use.ResultsMean age of the 240 participants was 26 years (range 18−42). Seventy‐seven percent self‐identified as MSM and 23% TGW; 27% were people with HIV. Most (88%) participants attended all four sessions, and 98% expressed high intervention satisfaction. There was significant pre‐post improvement in each psychosocial outcome, in both the immediate and delayed arms. There were further positive changes for the immediate intervention group by 3‐month follow‐up (e.g. in intersectional internalized stigma, depression). While baseline levels of ever‐PrEP use were the same, 75% of immediate‐group participants reported currently using PrEP at 3 months post‐intervention versus 53% of delayed‐group participants right after the intervention (p<0.01). Participants post‐intervention described (in qualitative interviews) less self‐blame, and enhanced social support and resilience when facing stigma, as well as motivation to use PrEP, and indicated that positive pre‐intervention changes in psychosocial factors found in the delayed group mainly reflected perceived support from the study interviewers.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the feasibility and acceptability of a group‐based CBT model for MSM and TGW in Nigeria. There were also some indications of positive shifts related to stigma, mental health and PrEP, despite issues with maintaining the randomized design in this challenging environment.
Unveiling the metabolic and coagulation disruptions in SARS‐CoV‐2‐associated acute macular neuroretinopathy: A case–control study
Authors: Xiong Xiaojing , Zheng Zheng , Liu Chunlin , Wang Xinyu , Luo Shuai , Xie Qinqin , Liu Yang , Chen Qingwei , Zheng Minming 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 infection has been associated with the increased incidence of acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN), an infrequent ocular disorder. However, the precise mechanisms underpinning AMN in the context of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (AMN‐SARS‐CoV‐2) remain elusive. In this case–control study, 14 patients diagnosed with AMN‐SARS‐CoV‐2 between 2022/12 and 2023/3 were enrolled and compared with 14 SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected individuals without AMN, who served as controls (SARS‐CoV‐2‐no AMN). Metabolomic profiling using ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography‐online electrospray mass spectrometry revealed significant alterations in serum metabolites in AMN‐SARS‐CoV‐2 patients. Coagulation abnormalities were observed in AMN‐SARS‐CoV‐2 patients, and their relationship with metabolic disorders was studied. Finally, a predictive model for AMN‐SARS‐CoV‐2 was established. Seventy‐six upregulated and 42 downregulated metabolites were identified in AMN‐SARS‐CoV‐2 cases. Notably, arginine metabolism within the urea cycle was significantly altered, evidenced by variations in ornithine, citrulline,
l‐proline, and ADAM levels, correlating with abnormal coagulation markers like platelet crit, fibrinogen degradation product, and fibrinogen. Additionally, increased arginase 1 (AGR1) activity within the urea cycle and reduced nitric oxide synthase activity were observed in AMN‐SARS‐CoV‐2. The integration of urea cycle metabolite levels with coagulation parameters yielded a robust discriminatory model for AMN‐SARS‐CoV‐2, as evidenced by an area under the curve of 0.96. The findings of the present study enhance our comprehension of the underlying metabolic mechanisms associated with AMN‐SARS‐CoV‐2 and offer potential diagnostic markers for this uncommon ocular disorder within the context of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.