bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early tongue carcinoma: Analysis of failure
Authors: Preis Michal , Hadar Tuvia , Soudry Ethan , Shpitzer Thomas , Strenov Yulia , Hod Roy , Nageris Ben I. , Feinmesser Raphael 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackgroundFailure rate of surgery for early tongue carcinoma remains high. We sought to identify patterns of failure and recurrence risk factors.MethodsData review was carried out on 50 patients treated for early tongue carcinoma (T1/2N0M0); surgery was unsuccessful in 11 of these patients. All patients underwent transoral resection of the tongue tumor and prophylactic neck dissection (supraomohyoid).ResultsTumor recurred within 3 to 18 months. Nine died of disease. Four had failure in neck level 4, 6 in level 1, and 1 simultaneously in level 1 and locally. Most tumors were moderately differentiated. Average depth was 6.64 mm.ConclusionsWe report 11 patients with early tongue carcinoma who failed local excision with neck dissection. Failures occurred in level 4 (4 patients) and level 1 (7 patients). This group may benefit from extended neck surgery. Sex, age, stage, and depth of tumor were not significantly different in the group with treatment failure. Tumors in the group with treatment failure were more poorly differentiated. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Synthesis, self‐assembly, and cytotoxicity of well‐defined trimethylated chitosan‐O‐poly(ε‐caprolactone): Effect of chitosan molecular weight
Authors: Zhang Haiwen , Cai Guoqiang , Tang Guping , Wang Liqun , Jiang Hongliang 
Published: May 2011

AbstractStructurally well‐defined trimethylated chitosan‐O‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) (TMC‐O‐PCL) was synthesized under mild homogeneous conditions, using sodium dodecyl sulfate‐dimethylated chitosan complex (SDC) as an organosoluble intermediate. The effect of chitosan molecular weight (MW) on the preparation, organosolubility, self‐assembly, and cytotoxicity of the copolymers was investigated. The copolymers with low‐MW chitosan backbone had improved solubility in common organic solvents. Spherical micelles with average diameter of 25–55 nm and uniform morphology were formed through self‐assembly of TMC‐O‐PCL in pH 7.4 PBS. When trimethylation degree of the copolymers was above 44%, the micelles could remain stable in neutral aqueous media. The critical aggregation concentration of TMC‐O‐PCL slightly increased with a decrease in the MW of chitosan backbone. The cytotoxicity of the cationic micelles could be suppressed by increasing PCL grafting levels, reducing trimethylation degree, and MW of the chitosan backbone. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2011.
Effects of N‐acetylcysteine on TEGDMA‐ and HEMA‐induced suppression of osteogenic differentiation of human osteosarcoma MG63 cells
Authors: Kim Na Ryoung , Lim Bum‐Soon , Park Hee Chul , Son Kyung Mi , Yang Hyeong‐Cheol 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTriethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) are major resinous components of dental restorative materials and dentin bonding adhesives. Resin monomers are known to cause cytotoxicity in mammalian cells via oxidative stress and inhibit differentiation of dental pulp cells and osteoblasts. This study was aimed to investigate whether oxidative stress was involved in the inhibition of TEGDMA‐ and HEMA‐induced differentiation. TEGDMA and HEMA reduced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the mRNA expression of the osteopontin (OPN) gene in MG63 cells at noncytotoxic concentrations. On the other hand, N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) did not affect ALP activity at concentrations below 10 mM. Reduced ALP activity and OPN mRNA expression by TEGDMA were partially recovered via cotreatment with NAC. However, NAC did not exhibit significant effects in HEMA‐treated cells. Glutathione (GSH) levels were also down‐regulated by both TEGDMA and HEMA. The addition of NAC induced the partial recovery of GSH in cells treated with 0.5 mM TEGDMA. On the other hand, the levels of GSH in HEMA‐treated cells were not affected by NAC. These results suggest that oxidative stress is involved in the suppression of differentiation by TEGDMA. Translocation of Nrf2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus has been known to play a role in the suppression of osteogenic differentiation by oxidative stress. However, Nrf2 did not move into the nucleus in resin monomer‐treated MG63 cells, suggesting the contribution of other signaling pathways to the suppressive effects of resin monomers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2011.
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 4 (SOCS4): Moderator of ovarian primordial follicle activation
Authors: Sutherland J.M. , Keightley R.A. , Nixon B. , Roman S.D. , Robker R.L. , Russell D.L. , McLaughlin E.A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractMammalian ovarian primordial follicle activation and regulation is considered as one of the most important stages of folliculogenesis and as such requires exquisite control. Selection of quiescent follicles to enter the growing pool determines the rate of supply of maturing follicles over the female reproductive lifespan. To coordinate this process a range of positive and negative input signals contribute to determine follicle fate. This study demonstrates that the cytokine Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) activates the Janus Kinase 1/Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription 3 (JAK1/STAT3) signaling pathway in pre‐granulosa cells and positively regulates primordial follicle activation. Negative regulation of the JAK/STAT pathway is controlled by the suppressor of cytokine signaling 4 (SOCS4) protein, which target members of negative feedback loops, Cardiotrophin like Cytokine (CLC), Poly (rC) Binding Protein 1 (PCBP1), and Cytosolic Malate Dehydrogenase (MDH1) to suppress follicle growth and development. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 1188–1198, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transcriptomic profiling of astrocytes treated with the Rho kinase inhibitor Fasudil reveals cytoskeletal and pro‐survival responses
Authors: Lau Chew L. , Perreau Victoria M. , Chen Minghui J. , Cate Holly S. , Merlo Daniel , Cheung Nam S. , O'Shea Ross D. , Beart Philip M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractInhibitors of Rho kinase (ROCK) have potential for management of neurological disorders by inhibition of glial scarring. Since astrocytes play key roles in brain physiology and pathology, we determined changes in the astrocytic transcriptome produced by the ROCK inhibitor Fasudil to obtain mechanistic insights into its beneficial action during brain injury. Cultured murine astrocytes were treated with Fasudil (100 µM) and morphological analyses revealed rapid stellation by 1 h and time‐dependent (2–24 h) dissipation of F‐actin‐labelled stress fibres. Microarray analyses were performed on RNA and the time‐course of global gene profiling (2, 6, 12 and 24 h) provided a comprehensive description of transcriptomic changes. Hierarchical clustering of differentially expressed genes and analysis for over‐represented gene ontology groups using the DAVID database focused attention on Fasudil‐induced changes to major biological processes regulating cellular shape and motility (actin cytoskeleton, axon guidance, transforming growth factor‐β (TGFβ) signalling and tight junctions). Bioinformatic analyses of transcriptomic changes revealed how these biological processes contributed to changes in astrocytic motility and cytoskeletal reorganisation. Here genes associated with extracellular matrix were also involved, but unexpected was a subset of alterations (EAAT2, BDNF, anti‐oxidant species, metabolic and signalling genes) indicative of adoption by astrocytes of a pro‐survival phenotype. Expression profiles of key changes with Fasudil and another ROCK inhibitor Y27632 were validated by real‐time PCR. Although effects of ROCK inhibition have been considered to be primarily cytoskeletal via reduction of glial scarring, we demonstrate additional advantageous actions likely to contribute to their ameliorative actions in brain injury. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 1199–1211, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Age‐related differences in cellular and molecular profiles of inflammatory responses after spinal cord injury
Authors: Kumamaru Hiromi , Saiwai Hirokazu , Ohkawa Yasuyuki , Yamada Hisakata , Iwamoto Yukihide , Okada Seiji 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPrevious experimental and clinical studies have suggested that the behavioral and pathological outcomes of spinal cord injury (SCI) are affected by the individual's age at the time of injury. However, the underlying mechanism responsible for these differences remains elusive because it is difficult to match injuries of similar severities between young and adult animals due to differences in the sizes of their respective spinal cords. In this study, the spinal cord size‐matched young (4‐week‐old) and adult (10‐week‐old) mice were compared to evaluate their locomotor functions and inflammatory cellular/molecular responses after standardized contusion SCI. During the acute phase of SCI, young mice showed better functional recovery and lower pro‐inflammatory cytokines/chemokines compared to adult mice. Flow‐cytometric analysis revealed that the time courses of leukocyte infiltration were comparable between both groups, while the number of infiltrating neutrophils significantly decreased from 6 h after SCI in young mice. By combining flow‐cytometric isolation and gene expression analysis of each inflammatory cell fraction, we found that microglial cells immediately initiate the production of several cytokines in response to SCI, which serve as major sources of IL‐6, TNFa, and CXCL1 in injured spinal cord. Interestingly, the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines/chemokines but not anti‐inflammatory cytokines by microglia was significantly lower in young mice compared to that in adult mice at 3 h after SCI, which will be attributed to the attenuation of the subsequent neutrophil infiltration. These results highlight age‐related differences in pro‐inflammatory properties of microglial cells that contribute to the amplification of detrimental inflammatory responses after SCI. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 1335–1346, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bradykinin‐mediated cell proliferation depends on transactivation of EGF receptor in corneal fibroblasts
Authors: Cheng Ching‐Yi , Tseng Hui‐Ching , Yang Chuen‐Mao 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn previous studies, bradykinin (BK) has been shown to induce cell proliferation through BK B2 receptor (B2R) via p42/p44 MAPK in Statens Seruminstitut Rabbit Corneal Cells (SIRCs). In addition to this pathway, EGFR transactivation pathway has been implicated in linking a variety of G‐protein coupled receptors to MAPK cascades. Here, we further investigate whether these transactivation mechanisms participating in BK‐induced cell proliferation in SIRCs. Using an immunofluorescence staining and RT‐PCR, we initially characterize that SIRCs were corneal fibroblasts and predominantly expressed B2R by BK. Inhibition of p42/p44 MAPK by the inhibitors of Src, EGFR, and Akt or transfection with respective siRNAs prevents BK‐induced DNA synthesis in SIRCs. The mechanisms underlying these responses were mediated through phosphorylation of Src and EGFR via the formation of Src/EGFR complex which was attenuated by PP1 and AG1478. Moreover, BK‐induced p42/p44 MAPK and Akt activation was mediated through EGFR transactivation, which was diminished by the inhibitors of MMP‐2/9 and heparin‐binding EGF‐like factor (HB‐EGF). Finally, increased nuclear translocation of Akt and p42/p44 MAPK turns on early gene expression leading to cell proliferation. These results suggest that BK‐induced cell proliferation is mediated through c‐Src‐dependent transactivation of EGFR via MMP2/9‐dependent pro‐HB‐EGF shedding linking to activation of Akt and p42/p44 MAPK in corneal fibroblasts. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 1367–1381, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fluorescence derivatization of single‐walled carbon nanotubes for analysis by means of conventional CE‐LIF
Authors: Yamamoto Tatsuhiro , Murayama Shuhei , Kato Masaru 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSingle‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are now widely used in many fields, and while many analytical methods for SWNTs have been reported, there are few practical analytical methods that combine the necessary levels of selectivity and sensitivity. We have developed a highly sensitive separation method for fluorescence‐derivatized SWNTs by means of conventional CE with laser‐induced fluorescence. First, SWNTs were dispersed using a triphenylene derivative into the water, and the excess dispersant was removed by nitric acid treatment. The dispersed SWNTs were then derivatized with a fluorescence reagent, 4‐aminofluorescein. Finally, the derivatized SWNTs were analyzed using a conventional apparatus CE‐LIF detection. The SWNTs migrated within 20 min. The detection sensitivity of SWNTs was improved by about 170 times with LIF detection as compared with UV detection. We anticipate that the derivatized SWNTs can also be detected with high sensitivity using LC.
VARIATIONS IN ECOSYSTEM SERVICE VALUES AND LOCAL ECONOMY IN RESPONSE TO LAND USE: A CASE STUDY OF WU'AN, CHINA
Authors: Zhang J. J. , Fu M. C. , Zeng H. , Geng Y. H. , Hassani F. P. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTIn an industrial/mining city, land use, ecosystem service values (ESVs) and local economy have a close relation. The study reported in this paper is conducive to optimising land use and to balancing ecosystem services and local economy. The aim is to provide useful information and advice for industrial/mining cities concerned with sustainable development. Wu'an, which is rich in mineral resources and an important energy supplier in Hebei Province, is selected as the study area. The ecosystem service value coefficients of industrial ecosystem and urban ecosystem are estimated adopting the cost method and applied to the city from 1996 to 2005. The temporal and spatial changes of the ESVs estimated within the entire ecosystem, sub‐ecosystems and individual ecosystem services are analysed and discussed based on land use. The results show that land use in Wu'an had a great influence on the ESVs and especially the project of converting farmland into forests determined the entire ecosystem structure and functions. Additionally, the study shows the comparing relationships between ecosystem service values and local economy through various mathematical expressions. One significant relationship can be abstracted into an inverse curve (zone) under restrained conditions. The conclusions suggest that the rapid local economy development should build on a reasonable land use with emphasis on the high ecosystem services. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From Polyesters to Polyamides Via ON Acyl Migration: An Original Multi‐Transfer Reaction
Authors: Tailhades Julien , Blanquer Sébastien , Nottelet Benjamin , Coudane Jean , Subra Gilles , Verdié Pascal , Schacht Etienne , Martinez Jean , Amblard Muriel 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA new strategy for the synthesis of polyamides from polyesters of hydroxyl‐containing amino acids using a multi ON acyl transfer reaction was developed. This original approach allowed the synthesis of three generations of polymers from the same starting monomer. The polymerization of N‐benzyloxycarbonyl‐serine and its γ‐homologated derivative provided the Z‐protected polyesters; then the water‐soluble polycationic polyesters were obtained by removal of the Z‐protecting group; and finally the polyamides were obtained by a base‐induced multi ON acyl transfer, both in aqueous or organic medium. The key step transfer reaction was monitored by the disappearance and appearance of characteristic NMR proton signals and IR bands of polyesters and polyamides.magnified image
Botulinum toxin modulates basal ganglia but not deficient somatosensory activation in orofacial dystonia
Authors: Dresel Christian , Bayer Ferdinand , Castrop Florian , Rimpau Christoph , Zimmer Claus , Haslinger Bernhard 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe etiology of idiopathic orofacial dystonia is incompletely understood. Neurophysiological studies indicated that a sensory dysfunction could play a key role in the pathophysiology of focal dystonia. To explore if central sensory processing is abnormal in patients with blepharospasm and Meige's syndrome and to study the effects of botulinum toxin (BTX) treatment, we systematically mapped the somatotopic representations of punctate tactile stimuli in these patients before and after therapy.Methods:Standardized tactile stimuli were pseudorandomly applied to the forehead, upper lip, and hand by a MR‐compatible stimulation device during event‐related fMRI.Results:Patients showed a deficient activation in primary and secondary somatosensory representations of affected and unaffected (right hand) body regions compared to healthy controls. Although clinically effective BTX treatment did not modulate this impaired cortical activation, it reduced the activation of the thalamus and contralateral putamen during forehead stimulation.Conclusions:This study reveals a more generalized dysfunction of the somatosensory cortex including asymptomatic body representations in orofacial dystonia. Deficient cortical sensory activation may be due to a dedifferentiation of somatosensory representations and could represent a critical functional change within the basal ganglia‐thalamocortical loops facilitating dystonic movements. Modulation of basal ganglia activation might reflect an indirect remote effect of BTX treatment on these sensorimotor circuits. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Simultaneous T2 and lipid quantitation using IDEAL‐CPMG
Authors: Janiczek Robert L. , Gambarota Giulio , Sinclair Christopher D. J. , Yousry Tarek A. , Thornton John S. , Golay Xavier , Newbould Rexford D. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractMuscle damage, edema, and fat infiltration are hallmarks of a range of neuromuscular diseases. The T2 of water, T2,w, in muscle lengthens with both myocellular damage and inflammation and is typically measured using multiple spin‐echo or Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill acquisitions. However, microscopic fat infiltration in neuromuscular diseases prevents accurate T2,w quantitation as the longer T2 of fat, T2,f, masks underlying changes in the water component. Fat saturation can be inconsistent across the imaging volume and removes valuable physiological fat information. A new method is presented that combines iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least squares estimation with a Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill–sequence. The sequence results in water and fat separated images at each echo time for use in T2,w and T2,f quantification. With knowledge of the T2,w and T2,f, a T2‐corrected fat fraction map can also be calculated. Monte‐Carlo simulations and measurements in phantoms, volunteers, and a patient with inclusion body myositis are demonstrated. In healthy volunteers, uniform T2,w and T2‐corrected fat fraction maps are present within all muscle groups. However, muscle‐specific patterns of fat infiltration and edema are evident in inclusion body myositis, which demonstrates the power of separating and quantifying the fat and water components. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reducing peripheral nerve stimulation due to gradient switching using an additional uniform field coil
Authors: Hidalgo‐Tobon Silvia S. , Bencsik Martin , Bowtell Richard 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis study shows that larger rates of change of gradient with time (dG/dt) can be achieved at the threshold for peripheral nerve stimulation by applying a uniform concomitant field varying synchronously with a transverse field gradient and that this increase may be achieved without significant reduction of the spatial extent of the region over which imaging can be carried out. Realization of similar benefits through application of a uniform, z‐directed field varying synchronously with an axial gradient is also demonstrated. The design and construction of transverse and axial coil arrangements is described, along with the results of volunteer studies that were carried out on 20 subjects, with the subjects positioned with four different regions (head, heart, hips, and knees) centered in the coils. These experiments were carried out at zero‐field on a prototype system in which the coils were not actively shielded. The uniform concomitant field coil was not torque balanced. The increase in the rate of change of gradient at the threshold for peripheral nerve stimulation that could be achieved by the addition of the uniform field depends on body position and was larger for the transverse coils (head = × 1.9 ± 0.6; heart = × 0.9 ± 0.3; hips = × 1.4 ± 0.4; knees = × 1.5 ± 0.4) than for the axial coils (head = × 1.5 ± 0.6; heart = × 0.8 ± 0.3; hips = × 1.3 ± 0.4; knees = × 1.1 ± 0.3). Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In vivo molecular MRI of cell survival and teratoma formation following embryonic stem cell transplantation into the injured murine myocardium
Authors: Chung Jaehoon , Kee Kehkooi , Barral Joëlle K. , Dash Rajesh , Kosuge Hisanori , Wang Xi , Weissman Irving , Robbins Robert C. , Nishimura Dwight , Quertermous Thomas , Reijo‐Pera Renee A. , Yang Phillip C. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractEmbryonic stem cells (ESCs) have shown the potential to restore cardiac function after myocardial injury. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO) have been widely employed to label ESCs for cellular MRI. However, nonspecific intracellular accumulation of SPIO limits long‐term in vivo assessment of the transplanted cells. To overcome this limitation, a novel reporter gene (RG) has been developed to express antigens on the ESC surface. By employing SPIO‐conjugated monoclonal antibody against these antigens (SPIO‐MAb), the viability of transplanted ESCs can be detected in vivo. This study aims to develop a new molecular MRI method to assess in vivo ESC viability, proliferation, and teratoma formation. The RG is designed to express 2 antigens (hemagglutinin A and myc) and luciferase on the ESC surface. The two antigens serve as the molecular targets for SPIO‐MAb. The human and mouse ESCs were transduced with the RG (ESC‐RGs) and transplanted into the peri‐infarct area using the murine myocardial injury model. In vivo MRI was performed following serial intravenous administration of SPIO‐MAb. Significant hypointense signal was generated from the viable and proliferating ESCs and subsequent teratoma. This novel molecular MRI technique enabled in vivo detection of early ESC‐derived teratoma formation in the injured murine myocardium. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.