bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust Design Optimization of Dual Thrust Solid Propellant Motors due to Burning Rate Uncertainties
Authors: Aamir Raza Muhammad , Liang Wang 
Published: August 2012

AbstractSolid rocket motor design becomes a clamant task where fusion of design and non‐design parameters may lead to various design configurations, especially under uncertainties. This paper proposes a robust design optimization method for the performance of a dual thrust solid rocket motor under investigation of the propellant burning rate and grain geometry uncertainties. It was found that due to uncertainties, the burning rate varies erratically during burning surface area regression, which may lead to catastrophic failure. The present approach aims at uncertainty quantification associated with burning rate and its influence on dual thrust motor performance. A first‐order orthogonal design is applied to estimate the worst case deviation coupled with motor internal ballistics. The robustness assessment is measured directly by a mean‐variance and average difference approach. A sensitivity analysis of performance parameters is performed to analyze the effects of variation of the design parameters. A hybrid genetic algorithm and simulated annealing approach is used as optimizer. The robust design solution obtained in the form of insensitive design and performance parameters shows the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed methodology.
Interaction between the C‐terminal domains of measles virus nucleoprotein and phosphoprotein: A tight complex implying one binding site
Authors: Blocquel David , Habchi Johnny , Costanzo Stéphanie , Doizy Anthony , Oglesbee Michael , Longhi Sonia 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe intrinsically disordered C‐terminal domain (NTAIL) of the measles virus (MeV) nucleoprotein undergoes α‐helical folding upon binding to the C‐terminal X domain (XD) of the phosphoprotein. The NTAIL region involved in binding coupled to folding has been mapped to a conserved region (Box2) encompassing residues 489–506. In the previous studies published in this journal, we obtained experimental evidence supporting a KD for the NTAIL–XD binding reaction in the nM range and also showed that an additional NTAIL region (Box3, aa 517–525) plays a role in binding to XD. In striking contrast with these data, studies published in this journal by Kingston and coworkers pointed out a much less stable complex (KD in the μM range) and supported lack of involvement of Box3 in complex formation. The objective of this study was to critically re‐evaluate the role of Box3 in NTAIL–XD binding. Since our previous studies relied on NTAIL‐truncated forms possessing an irrelevant Flag sequence appended at their C‐terminus, we, herein, generated an NTAIL devoid of Box3 and any additional C‐terminal residues, as well as a form encompassing only residues 482–525. We then used isothermal titration calorimetry to characterize the binding reactions between XD and these NTAIL forms. Results effectively argue for the presence of a single XD‐binding site located within Box2, in agreement with the results by Kingston et al., while providing clear experimental support for a high‐affinity complex. Altogether, the present data provide mechanistic insights into the replicative machinery of MeV and clarify a hitherto highly debated point.
Dynamic features of homodimer interfaces calculated by normal‐mode analysis
Authors: Tsuchiya Yuko , Kinoshita Kengo , Endo Shigeru , Wako Hiroshi 
Published: August 2012

AbstractKnowledge of the dynamic features of protein interfaces is necessary for a deeper understanding of protein–protein interactions. We performed normal‐mode analysis (NMA) of 517 nonredundant homodimers and their protomers to characterize dimer interfaces from a dynamic perspective. The motion vector calculated by NMA for each atom of a dimer was decomposed into internal and external motion vectors in individual component subunits, followed by the averaging of time‐averaged correlations between these vectors over atom pairs in the interface. This averaged correlation coefficient (ACC) was defined for various combinations of vectors and investigated in detail. ACCs decrease exponentially with an increasing interface area and r‐value, that is, interface area divided by the entire subunit surface area. As the r‐value reflects the nature of dimer formation, the result suggests that both the interface area and the nature of dimer formation are responsible for the dynamic properties of dimer interfaces. For interfaces with small or medium r‐values and without intersubunit entanglements, ACCs are found to increase on dimer formation when compared with those in the protomer state. In contrast, ACCs do not increase on dimer formation for interfaces with large r‐values and intersubunit entanglements such as in interwinding dimers. Furthermore, relationships between ACCs for intrasubunit atom pairs and for intersubunit atom pairs are found to significantly differ between interwinding and noninterwinding dimers for external motions. External motions are considered as an important factor for characterizing dimer interfaces.
Improved optical‐to‐electrical conversion efficiency by doping silole derivative with low ionization potential
Authors: Fukuda Takeshi , Kimura Sho , Honda Zentaro , Kamata Norihiko , Mori Keita , Hatano Ken 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we investigated photoconductive characteristics of blue‐sensitive organic photoconductive devices with different silole derivatives. A most important finding is that an external quantum efficiency (EQE) increased with decreasing ionization potential of silole derivative. The significant improved EQE can be explained by the dislocation efficiency of photogenerated carriers in the organic layer, which is estimated from the photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield. A maximum EQE of 52% at −26 MV m−1 was obtained by optimizing the molecular structure and the concentration of silole derivative. This value is the highest EQE for the reported solution‐processed blue‐sensitive organic photoconductive device. Another interesting result is that the signal‐to‐noise ratio was drastically improved by doping silole derivative.
Phase structure, dielectric, and piezoelectric properties of (K0.94−xNaxLi0.06)(Nb0.94Sb0.06)O3 lead‐free ceramics
Authors: Fu Lingling , Lin Dunmin , Zheng Qiaoji , Wu Xiaochun , Xu Chenggang 
Published: August 2012

AbstractLead‐free piezoelectric ceramics (K0.94−xNaxLi0.06)(Nb0.94Sb0.06)O3 have been fabricated by a conventional ceramic technique and the effects of K+/Na+ ratio on the structure and piezoelectric properties of the ceramics have been studied. All the ceramics possess a pure perovskite structure. The coexistence of tetragonal and orthorhombic phases is formed at room temperature in the ceramics with 0.45 ≤ x ≤ 0.55. The tetragonal–orthorhombic phase‐transition temperature TO–T decreases from 110 to 54 °C with x increasing from 0.35 to 0.55 and then increases from 84 to 144 °C with x further increasing from 0.6 to 0.7, while the Curie temperature TC deceases from 388 to 348 °C with x increasing from 0.35 to 0.70. Because of the coexistence of the two phases near room temperature, the ceramics with x = 0.50 exhibit the optimum piezoelectric properties: d33 = 230 pC/N and kp = 49%. The ceramics possess good time stability of piezoelectric properties.
A Supramolecular Approach to Enzyme Immobilization in Micro‐Channels
Authors: González‐Campo Arántzazu , Eker Bilge , Gardeniers Han J. G. E. , Huskens Jurriaan , Jonkheijm Pascal 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA supramolecular assembly scheme is developed to enable the facile in‐situ immobilization of enzymes in a microfluidic channel system. A combination of orthogonal supramolecular interactions of host (β‐cyclodextrin)–guest (adamantane) and biotin–Streptavidin (SAv) interactions are employed to generate reusable homogeneous enzyme layers in microchannels. The structural integrity and catalytic activity of the immobilized enzyme calf‐intestine alkaline phosphatase (AlkPh) is demonstrated. From the kinetic analysis of a dephosphorylation reaction, the specificity constant kcat/KM for immobilized alkaline phosphatase in the channels is on the order of 105 M−1s−1 and comparable to known literature values in other environments. These observations are ascribed to the good access of the substrate to favorably oriented enzymes across the microchannel. Therefore, this study demonstrates the great potential for adopting a supramolecular assembly scheme to immobilize enzymes in microfluidic devices.
Enhancing the High Temperature Capability of Ti‐Alloys
Authors: Donchev Alexander , Schütze Michael , Kolitsch Andreas , Yankov Rossen 
Published: August 2012

AbstractTitanium is a widely used structural material for applications below approximately 500°C but right now it cannot be used at higher temperatures. Titanium forms a fast growing rutile layer under these conditions. Furthermore enhanced oxygen uptake into the metal subsurface zone leads to embrittlement which deteriorates the mechanical properties. To overcome this problem a combined Al‐ plus F‐treatment was developed. The combination of Al‐enrichment in the surface zone so that intermetallic TixAly‐layers are produced which form a protective alumina layer during high temperature exposure plus stabilization of the Al2O3‐scale by the fluorine effect led to significantly improved resistance against increased oxidation and embrittlement in high temperature exposure tests of several Ti‐alloys. In this paper, the experimental procedures and achieved improvements are described. The results will be discussed for the use of Ti‐alloys at elevated temperatures.
Cold‐formed high‐strength tubes for structural applications
Authors: Ritakallio Pekka O. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCold‐formed hollow sections are the dominant tubular construction material. The applicability of cold‐formed tubes is sometimes questioned because of doubts about low‐temperature ductility, deformation capacity of welded joints, suitability for welding in the cold‐formed corner, poor fatigue behaviour of the corner or suitability for hot‐dip galvanizing. It is also claimed that by choosing hot‐finished tubes, such risks can be automatically avoided. This study confirms that appropriate tube manufacturing yields cold‐formed EN 10219 tubes in grades S355J2H to S460MH with a performance equal to or better than hot‐finished tubes. Properly made cold‐formed high‐strength tubes are available for fabricating efficient lightweight structures and can be safely used even at low temperatures without the aforementioned doubts.
Experimental investigations into the application of direct tension indicators with preloaded structural bolting assemblies (HV system) to EN 1090‐2
Authors: Schiborr Markus , Stranghöner Natalie 
Published: August 2012

AbstractEN 1090‐2 provides several tightening methods for the preloading of bolting assemblies. One of the prescribed procedures is the use of direct tension indicators, so‐called DTIs, with lubrication according to k‐class K0. According to the definition of k‐class K0, the lubrication should not have an influence on achieving the required preloading force Fp,C. For this reason, the main focus of the investigations presented here was how the lubrication influences the behaviour of preloaded HV bolting assemblies with and without DTIs. The experimental investigations were carried out on the institute’s own tightening torque testing machine.
General information for and improvements to the design with scheduled torsion according to EN 1993‐1‐1
Authors: Kindmann Rolf , Vette Jan 
Published: August 2012

AbstractFirst of all, this article outlines and discusses the design rules for torsional loading according to EN 1993‐1‐1. Afterwards, the partial internal force method for I‐, U‐ and Z‐sections is presented. The verification for arbitrary internal forces is possible with this alternative method. The methods are compared and verified by existing test results.
Different, Like Everyone Else:Stuff White People Likeand the Marketplace of Diversity
Authors: Grzanka Patrick R. , Maher Justin 
Published: August 2012

This article explores Stuff White People Like (SWPL), a popular blog that has lampooned the cultural practices of a certain kind of bourgeoisie‐bohemian White person since its inception in early 2008. The overwhelmingly positive reception of the blog motivated the authors to explore the complexities of this commercial humor project in the context of the twenty‐first century multicultural neoliberalism in the United States. Through analysis of both the blog entries and online audience response, they ultimately claim that SWPL is limited in its potential for antiracist cultural work because it fails to challenge the logic of neoliberalism—indeed, it operates firmly within it—and defers a radical critique of White privilege. Moreover, SWPL facilitates gleeful celebration of essentialized White idiosyncrasies by incorporating a form of White “ethnicity” in the twenty‐first century neoliberal marketplace of diversity.
Pros and cons of route optimization schemes for network mobility and their implications on handovers
Authors: Khan Muhammad Qasim , Andresen Steinar Hidle 
Published: August 2012

AbstractNo one can deny the importance of mobility in modern communication networks, and the Internet is no exception. The internet engineering taskforce (IETF) has introduced the network mobility (NEMO) protocol to support a moving network. NEMO solves many problems of mobile internet protocol to support a moving group of users but introduces some problems of its own such as suboptimal routing and multiple levels of encapsulation. These problems occur because the NEMO basic support protocol does not support route optimization and nested mobile networks. Many solutions have been proposed in the literature to solve these problems. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of those solutions and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. We also outline the effect of these solutions on handovers, and a summary is provided in the form of a table at the end. In this paper, we back up our earlier work with a comprehensive discussion of the protocols included. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
OpenJUMP HoRAE—A free GIS and toolbox for home‐range analysis
Authors: Steiniger Stefan , Hunter Andrew J. S. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractOver the past 20 years a set of methods for home‐range estimation and analysis of animal observation data have been developed. Whereas comparisons among the estimation methods and different estimation software are available, only the adehabitat analysis toolbox for R is under a free and open‐source software license and includes established and new home‐range estimation approaches, such as Kernel Density Estimation, Brownian Bridges, and Local Convex Hulls. However, R and adehabitat are command line based, which some may perceive as not very user‐friendly, and provide only a limited set of functions for the analysis of home ranges with environmental geospatial data (e.g., land cover and elevation data). This article presents a free and open‐source home‐range analysis toolbox that focuses on the evaluation of global positioning system collar data, and integrates with a desktop geographic information system to allow data analysis beyond the creation of home ranges. The software is distributed under a free and open‐source license, so research can also benefit from the toolbox because implemented algorithms can be tested directly and improved. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
New diagnostic criteria and severity assessment of acute cholecystitis in revised Tokyo guidelines
Authors: Yokoe Masamichi , Takada Tadahiro , Strasberg Steven M. , Solomkin Joseph S. , Mayumi Toshihiko , Gomi Harumi , Pitt Henry A. , Gouma Dirk J. , Garden O. James , Büchler Markus W. , Kiriyama Seiki , Kimura Yasutoshi , Tsuyuguchi Toshio , Itoi Takao , Yoshida Masahiro , Miura Fumihiko , Yamashita Yuichi , Okamoto Kohji , Gabata Toshifumi , Hata Jiro , Higuchi Ryota , Windsor John A. , Bornman Philippus C. , Fan Sheung‐Tat , Singh Harijt , de Santibanes Eduardo , Kusachi Shinya , Murata Atsuhiko , Chen Xiao‐Ping , Jagannath Palepu , Lee Sung Gyu , Padbury Robert , Chen Miin‐Fu 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe Tokyo Guidelines for the management of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis (TG07) were published in 2007 as the world's first guidelines for acute cholangitis and cholecystitis. The diagnostic criteria and severity assessment of acute cholecystitis have since been widely used all over the world. A validation study of TG07 has shown that the diagnostic criteria for acute cholecystitis are highly reliable but that the definition of definite diagnosis is ambiguous. In addition, considerable new evidence referring to acute cholecystitis as well as evaluations of TG07 have been published. Consequently, we organized the Tokyo Guidelines Revision Committee to evaluate TG07, recognize new evidence, and conduct a multi‐center analysis to revise the guidelines (TG13).Methods and materialsWe retrospectively analyzed 451 patients with acute cholecystitis from multiple tertiary care centers in Japan. All 451 patients were first evaluated using the criteria in TG07. The “gold standard” for acute cholecystitis in this study was a diagnosis by pathology. The validity of TG07 diagnostic criteria was investigated by comparing clinical with pathological diagnosis.ResultsOf 451 patients evaluated, a total of 227 patients were given a diagnosis of acute cholecystitis by pathological examination (prevalence 50.3 %). TG07 criteria provided a definite diagnosis of acute cholecystitis in 224 patients. The sensitivity of TG07 diagnostic criteria for acute cholecystitis was 92.1 %, and the specificity was 93.3 %. Based on the preliminary results, new diagnostic criteria for acute cholecystitis were proposed. Using the new criteria, the sensitivity of definite diagnosis was 91.2 %, and the specificity was 96.9 %. The accuracy rate was improved from 92.7 to 94.0 %. In regard to severity grading among 227 patients, 111 patients were classified as Mild (Grade I), 104 as Moderate (Grade II), and 12 as Severe (Grade III).ConclusionThe proposed new diagnostic criteria achieved better performance than the diagnostic criteria in TG07. Therefore, the proposed criteria have been adopted as new diagnostic criteria for acute cholecystitis and are referred to as the 2013 Tokyo Guidelines (TG13). Regarding severity assessment, no new evidence was found to suggest that the criteria in TG07 needed major adjustment. As a result, TG07 severity assessment criteria have been adopted in TG13 with minor changes.
Development of a Method to Measure preβHDL and αHDL apoA‐I Enrichment for Stable Isotopic Studies of HDL Kinetics
Authors: Li Xuefei , Stolinski Michael , Umpleby A. Margot 
Published: August 2012

AbstractOur understanding of HDL metabolism would be enhanced by the measurement of the kinetics of preβHDL, the nascent form of HDL, since elevated levels have been reported in patients with coronary artery disease. Stable isotope methodology is an established technique that has enabled the determination of the kinetics (production and catabolism) of total HDL apoA‐I in vivo. The development of separation procedures to obtain a preβHDL fraction, the isotopic enrichment of which could then be measured, would enable further understanding of the pathways in vivo for determining the fate of preβHDL and the formation of αHDL. A method was developed and optimised to separate and measure preβHDL and αHDL apoA‐I enrichment. Agarose gel electrophoresis was first used to separate lipoprotein subclasses, and then a 4–10 % discontinuous SDS‐PAGE used to isolate apoA‐I. Measures of preβHDL enrichment in six healthy subjects were undertaken following an infusion of l‐[1‐13C‐leucine]. After isolation of preβ and αHDL, the isotopic enrichment of apoA‐I for each fraction was measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. PreβHDL apoA‐I enrichment was measured with a CV of 0.51 % and αHDL apoA‐I with a CV of 0.34 %. The fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of preβHDL apoA‐I was significantly higher than the FCR of αHDL apoA‐I (p < 0.005). This methodology can be used to selectively isolate preβ and αHDL apoA‐I for the measurement of apoA‐I isotopic enrichment for kinetics studies of HDL subclass metabolism in a research setting.
A semi-automated method for acquisition of common-sense and inferentialist knowledge
Authors: Pinheiro Vladia , Furtado Vasco , Pequeno Tarcísio , Franco Wellington 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis paper presents a semi-automated method for the acquisition of common-sense and inferentialist concepts in Portuguese. Its innovative feature is a module of reasoning over the pre-existing knowledge that aims to offer original content to the user, helping in the expression of semantic relationships and validation of new concepts. This reasoning process is based on heuristics and syntactic analysis of noun phrases. A qualitative evaluation with users who interacted with the system built on the proposed method showed that the interactions made in the process of knowledge acquisition are more productive since the user is reminded about semantic relations and common-sense knowledge about the new concepts.
Education and the Gender Gaps in Health and Mortality
Authors: Ross Catherine E. , Masters Ryan K. , Hummer Robert A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe positive associations between education and health and survival are well established, but whether the strength of these associations depends on gender is not. Is the beneficial influence of education on survival and on self-rated health conditioned by gender in the same way, in opposite ways, or not at all? Because women are otherwise disadvantaged in socioeconomic resources that are inputs to health, their health and survival may depend more on education than will men’s. To test this hypothesis, we use data from the National Health Interview Survey-Linked Mortality Files (NHIS-LMF). We find that education’s beneficial influence on feeling healthy and on survival are conditional on gender, but in opposite ways. Education has a larger effect on women’s self-rated health than on men’s, but a larger effect on men’s mortality. To further examine the mortality results, we examine specific causes of death. We find that the conditional effect is largest for deaths from lung cancer, respiratory disease, stroke, homicide, suicide, and accidents. Because women report worse health but men’s mortality is higher, education closes the gender gap in both health and mortality.