bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integration of Functional Human Auditory Neural Circuits Based on a 3D Carbon Nanotube System
Authors: Lou Yiyun , Ma Jiaoyao , Hu Yangnan , Yao Xiaoying , Liu Yaoqian , Wu Mingxuan , Jia Gaogan , Chen Yan , Chai Renjie , Xia Mingyu , Li Wenyan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe physiological interactions between the peripheral and central auditory systems are crucial for auditory information transmission and perception, while reliable models for auditory neural circuits are currently lacking. To address this issue, mouse and human neural pathways are generated by utilizing a carbon nanotube nanofiber system. The super‐aligned pattern of the scaffold renders the axons of the bipolar and multipolar neurons extending in a parallel direction. In addition, the electrical conductivity of the scaffold maintains the electrophysiological activity of the primary mouse auditory neurons. The mouse and human primary neurons from peripheral and central auditory units in the system are then co‐cultured and showed that the two kinds of neurons form synaptic connections. Moreover, neural progenitor cells of the cochlea and auditory cortex are derived from human embryos to generate region‐specific organoids and these organoids are assembled in the nanofiber‐combined 3D system. Using optogenetic stimulation, calcium imaging, and electrophysiological recording, it is revealed that functional synaptic connections are formed between peripheral neurons and central neurons, as evidenced by calcium spiking and postsynaptic currents. The auditory circuit model will enable the study of the auditory neural pathway and advance the search for treatment strategies for disorders of neuronal connectivity in sensorineural hearing loss.
Bioengineered Model of Human LGMD2B Skeletal Muscle Reveals Roles of Intracellular Calcium Overload in Contractile and Metabolic Dysfunction in Dysferlinopathy
Authors: Khodabukus Alastair , Prabhu Neel K. , Roberts Taylor , Buldo Meghan , Detwiler Amber , Fralish Zachary D. , Kondash Megan E. , Truskey George A. , Koves Timothy R. , Bursac Nenad 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDysferlin is a multi‐functional protein that regulates membrane resealing, calcium homeostasis, and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle. Genetic loss of dysferlin results in limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2B/2R (LGMD2B/2R) and other dysferlinopathies – rare untreatable muscle diseases that lead to permanent loss of ambulation in humans. The mild disease severity in dysferlin‐deficient mice and diverse genotype‐phenotype relationships in LGMD2B patients have prompted the development of new in vitro models for personalized studies of dysferlinopathy. Here the first 3‐D tissue‐engineered hiPSC‐derived skeletal muscle (“myobundle”) model of LGMD2B is described that exhibits compromised contractile function, calcium‐handling, and membrane repair, and transcriptomic changes indicative of impaired oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction. In response to the fatty acid (FA) challenge, LGMD2B myobundles display mitochondrial deficits and intracellular lipid droplet (LD) accumulation. Treatment with the ryanodine receptor (RyR) inhibitor dantrolene or the dissociative glucocorticoid vamorolone restores LGMD2B contractility, improves membrane repair, and reduces LD accumulation. Lastly, it is demonstrated that chemically induced chronic RyR leak in healthy myobundles phenocopies LGMD2B contractile and metabolic deficit, but not the loss of membrane repair capacity. Together, these results implicate intramyocellular Ca2+ leak as a critical driver of dysferlinopathic phenotype and validate the myobundle system as a platform to study LGMD2B pathogenesis.
Silicon / Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells with Reverse Bias Stability down to −40 V. Unveiling the Role of Electrical and Optical Design
Authors: Di Girolamo Diego , Dupré Olivier , Giuliano Giuliana , Veirman Jordi , Bengasi Giuseppe , Foti Marina , Gerardi Cosimo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe reverse bias stability is a key concern for the commercialization and reliability of halide perovskite photovoltaics. Here, the robustness of perovskite‐silicon tandem solar cells to reverse bias electrical degradation down to −40 V is investigated. The two‐terminal tandem configuration, with the perovskite coupled to silicon, can improve the solar cell resistance to severe negative voltages when the tandem device is properly designed. While perovskite cells typically exhibit early reverse bias breakdown voltages, the serial connection with silicon cells with large shunt resistances and high voltage breakdown limits their negative polarization and prevent the passage of large current densities when reverse biased. The importance of careful optical design is illustrated, with bottom‐limited conditions required to prevent the perovskite top cell from exploring its own breakdown. This aspect is of great importance in the case of partial shading events when the solar spectrum is richer in the IR components than the standard AM1.5G. Notably, 100% of efficiency retained after polarization at −40 V in different stressing conditions is observed. The results presented suggest that standard industrial bypass diode schemes may be compatible with silicon/perovskite tandem photovoltaics and provide new guidelines for the standardization of the stressing protocols.
T Cell‐Derived Apoptotic Extracellular Vesicles Hydrolyze cGAMP to Alleviate Radiation Enteritis via Surface Enzyme ENPP1
Authors: Zhou Yang , Bao Lili , Gong Shengkai , Dou Geng , Li Zihan , Wang Zhengyan , Yu Lu , Ding Feng , Liu Huan , Li Xiayun , Liu Siying , Yang Xiaoshan , Liu Shiyu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRadiation enteritis is the most common complication of pelvic radiotherapy, but there is no effective prevention or treatment drug. Apoptotic T cells and their products play an important role in regulating inflammation and maintaining physiological immune homeostasis. Here it is shown that systemically infused T cell‐derived apoptotic extracellular vesicles (ApoEVs) can target mice irradiated intestines and alleviate radiation enteritis. Mechanistically, radiation elevates the synthesis of intestinal 2′3′ cyclic GMP‐AMP (cGAMP) and activates cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS)‐stimulator of interferon genes (STING) proinflammatory pathway. After systemic infusion of ApoEVs, the ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) enriches on the surface of ApoEVs hydrolyze extracellular cGAMP, resulting in inhibition of the cGAS‐STING pathway activated by irradiation. Furthermore, after ApoEVs are phagocytosed by phagocytes, ENPP1 on ApoEVs hydrolyzed intracellular cGAMP, which serves as an intracellular cGAMP hydrolyzation mode, thereby alleviating radiation enteritis. The findings shed light on the intracellular and extracellular hydrolysis capacity of ApoEVs and their role in inflammation regulation.
A Cell Cycle‐Aware Network for Data Integration and Label Transferring of Single‐Cell RNA‐Seq and ATAC‐Seq
Authors: Liu Jiajia , Ma Jian , Wen Jianguo , Zhou Xiaobo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the integration of single‐cell multi‐omics data has provided a more comprehensive understanding of cell functions and internal regulatory mechanisms from a non‐single omics perspective, but it still suffers many challenges, such as omics‐variance, sparsity, cell heterogeneity, and confounding factors. As it is known, the cell cycle is regarded as a confounder when analyzing other factors in single‐cell RNA‐seq data, but it is not clear how it will work on the integrated single‐cell multi‐omics data. Here, a cell cycle‐aware network (CCAN) is developed to remove cell cycle effects from the integrated single‐cell multi‐omics data while keeping the cell type‐specific variations. This is the first computational model to study the cell‐cycle effects in the integration of single‐cell multi‐omics data. Validations on several benchmark datasets show the outstanding performance of CCAN in a variety of downstream analyses and applications, including removing cell cycle effects and batch effects of scRNA‐seq datasets from different protocols, integrating paired and unpaired scRNA‐seq and scATAC‐seq data, accurately transferring cell type labels from scRNA‐seq to scATAC‐seq data, and characterizing the differentiation process from hematopoietic stem cells to different lineages in the integration of differentiation data.
Extended Berry Curvature Tail in Ferromagnetic Weyl Semimetals NiMnSb and PtMnSb
Authors: Singh Sukriti , García‐Page Ana , Noky Jonathan , Roychowdhury Subhajit , Vergniory Maia G. , Borrmann Horst , Klauss Hans‐Henning , Felser Claudia , Shekhar Chandra 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHeusler compounds belong to a large family of materials and exhibit numerous physical phenomena with promising applications, particularly ferromagnetic Weyl semimetals for their use in spintronics and memory devices. Here, anomalous Hall transport is reported in the room‐temperature ferromagnets NiMnSb (half‐metal with a Curie temperature (TC) of 660 K) and PtMnSb (pseudo half‐metal with a TC of 560 K). They exhibit 4 µB/f.u. magnetic moments and non‐trivial topological states. Moreover, NiMnSb and PtMnSb are the first half‐Heusler ferromagnets to be reported as Weyl semimetals, and they exhibit anomalous Hall conductivity (AHC) due to the extended tail of the Berry curvature in these systems. The experimentally measured AHC values at 2 K are 1.8 × 102 Ω−1 cm−1 for NiMnSb and 2.2 × 103 Ω−1 cm−1 for PtMnSb. The comparatively large value between them can be explained in terms of the spin‐orbit coupling strength. The combined approach of using ab initio calculations and a simple model shows that the Weyl nodes located far from the Fermi energy act as the driving mechanism for the intrinsic AHC. This contribution of topological features at higher energies can be generalized.
Advances in Redox Flow Batteries – A Comprehensive Review on Inorganic and Organic Electrolytes and Engineering Perspectives
Authors: Shoaib Muhammad , Vallayil Priya , Jaiswal Nandini , Iyapazham Vaigunda Suba Prathap , Sankararaman Sethuraman , Ramanujam Kothandaraman , Thangadurai Venkataraman 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDevelopment and application of large‐scale energy storage systems are surging due to the increasing proportion of intermittent renewable energy sources in the global energy mix. Redox flow batteries are prime candidates for large‐scale energy storage due to their modular design and scalability, flexible operation, and ability to decouple energy and power. To date, several different redox couples are exploited in redox‐flow batteries; some are already commercialized. This battery technology is facing a lot of challenges in the science, engineering, and economic front. Issues plaguing flow batteries are low energy density, high overall cost, poor stability of electrolytes, shifting of solvent from anolyte to catholyte while using cation exchange membrane, reverse flow with anion exchange membrane, and corrosion of graphite felt in the catholyte side. Significant research efforts are ongoing to address these challenges. This comprehensive and critical review summarizes the recent progress in electrolyte technologies, including electrochemical performance and stability, strategies to enhance the energy and power densities and, in the end, the levelized and life‐cycle cost of these batteries analyzed. A comprehensive outlook on this technology with respect to practical energy storage applications is also provided.
Cerebral Glucose Metabolism Is a Valuable Predictor of Survival in Patients with Lewy Body Diseases
Authors: Brumberg Joachim , Blazhenets Ganna , Bühler Sabrina , Fostitsch Johannes , Rijntjes Michel , Ma Yilong , Eidelberg David , Weiller Cornelius , Jost Wolfgang H. , Frings Lars , Schröter Nils , Meyer Philipp T. 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivePatients with Lewy body diseases have an increased risk of dementia, which is a significant predictor for survival. Posterior cortical hypometabolism on [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) precedes the development of dementia by years. We therefore examined the prognostic value of cerebral glucose metabolism for survival.MethodsWe enrolled patients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD), Parkinson's disease with dementia, or dementia with Lewy bodies who underwent [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose PET. Regional cerebral metabolism of each patient was analyzed by determining the expression of the PD‐related cognitive pattern (Z‐score) and by visual PET rating. We analyzed the predictive value of PET for overall survival using Cox regression analyses (age‐ and sex‐corrected) and calculated prognostic indices for the best model.ResultsGlucose metabolism was a significant predictor of survival in 259 included patients (n = 118 events; hazard ratio: 1.4 [1.2–1.6] per Z‐score; hazard ratio: 1.8 [1.5–2.2] per visual PET rating score; both p < 0.0001). Risk stratification with visual PET rating scores yielded a median survival of 4.8, 6.8, and 12.9 years for patients with severe, moderate, and mild posterior cortical hypometabolism (median survival not reached for normal cortical metabolism). Stratification into 5 groups based on the prognostic index revealed 10‐year survival rates of 94.1%, 78.3%, 34.7%, 0.0%, and 0.0%.InterpretationRegional cerebral glucose metabolism is a significant predictor of survival in Lewy body diseases and may allow an earlier survival prediction than the clinical milestone “dementia.” Thus, [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose PET may improve the basis for therapy decisions, especially for invasive therapeutic procedures like deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:539–550
Photochemical Synthesis of Thioesters from Aryl Halides and Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Wu Shuo , Melchiorre Paolo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThioesters are important in synthesis, materials science, and biology, and their preparation traditionally relies on the use of disagreeable thiols. Here, we report a thiol‐free protocol that stitches together widespread carboxylic acids and aryl halides, producing a diverse array of thioesters. Crucial to this strategy is the discovery that tetramethylthiourea can serve as both a sulfur source and, upon direct excitation by purple light, as a strong reductant, suitable for activating aryl halides via single‐electron transfer. Coupling of the resulting aryl radicals provides an isothiouronium ion intermediate, which can be attacked by carboxylic acids via a polar pathway, affording the thioester products under mild conditions.
Feasibility of a virtual reality course on adult tracheostomy safety skills*
Authors: Abbas J. R. , Bertram‐Ralph E. , Hatton S. , Garth T. , Doherty C. , Bruce I. A. , McGrath B. A. 
Published: June 2024

SummaryThe National Tracheostomy Safety Project has run high‐quality, face‐to‐face skills courses since 2009. The aim of this project was to produce a virtual reality version of the established course and evaluate its impact on participant learning, and participant and faculty satisfaction. Healthcare staff and students were recruited and randomised to attend one of (1) a face‐to‐face traditional course (control); (2) a virtual reality course at a conference centre with on‐site technical support; (3) a fully remote virtual reality course; the virtual reality groups were combined for the analysis of learning outcomes and satisfaction. The primary outcome was the difference in pre/post‐course knowledge scores on a 30‐item questionnaire; secondary outcomes included knowledge retention, usability, comfort/side effects and participant performance in a simulated tracheostomy emergency. Thirty‐seven participants and 15 faculty participated in this study. There was no significant difference between mean pre/post‐course scores from the face‐to‐face (from 21.1 to 23.1; +2) and combined virtual reality (from 17.1 to 21.1; +4) groups, with both showing improvement (p = 0.21). The mean System Usability Scale score for virtual reality was 76.8 (SD 12.6), which is above average; the median Simulator Sickness Questionnaire score was 7.5 (IQR 3.7–22.4), indicating minimal symptoms. All participants resolved the primary clinical problem in the simulated emergency, but the virtual reality (VR) group was slower overall (mean difference 61.8 s, p = 0.003). This technical feasibility study demonstrated that there was no difference in participant knowledge immediately after and 4 weeks following face‐to‐face and virtual reality courses. Virtual reality offers an immersive experience that can be delivered remotely and offers potential benefits of reducing travel and venue costs for attendees, therefore increasing the flexibility of training opportunities.
Impact of the educational setting on the teaching and learning of the equine distal limb ultrasonography
Authors: Romeiro Pollyanna Stremel , Weber Saulo Henrique , Justino Edson José , Michelotto Pedro Vicente 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe use of immersive methodologies is a trend in the educational environment, but their outcomes in the teaching–learning process need to be better understood. This study aimed to assess the impact of the educational environment on learning equine distal limb ultrasonography, comparing immersive classroom, traditional classroom, and virtual classroom. A total of 153 veterinary medicine students from the first to the third semester participated in this study. The students were divided into four groups: traditional (n = 22), immersive (n = 100), online (n = 31), and traditional‐immersive (n = 15). The students completed a questionnaire before and immediately after the class. The online group had a lower average gain in correct answers compared to the others (p < 0.01). Regarding student perception, it was observed that the virtual group had the lowest satisfaction score (p < 0.001), and students in the immersive and online environments were more satisfied with the resources used compared to the traditional classroom (p = 0.01). Concluding, in the present study students showed a greater interest in environments associated with technology, and that in‐person modalities resulted in significantly superior learning outcomes compared to online ones.
Maternal periconceptional exposure to drinking water disinfection by‐products and neural tube defects in offspring
Authors: Kancherla V. , Rhoads A. , Conway K. M. , Suhl J. , Langlois P. H. , Hoyt A. T. , Shaw G. M. , Evans S. P. , Moore C. A. , Luben T. J. , Michalski A. , Feldkamp M. L. , Romitti P. A. ,   the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundAssociations between maternal periconceptional exposure to disinfection by‐products (DBPs) in drinking water and neural tube defects (NTDs) in offspring are inconclusive, limited in part by exposure misclassification.MethodsMaternal interview reports of drinking water sources and consumption from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study were linked with DBP concentrations in public water system monitoring data for case children with an NTD and control children delivered during 2000–2005. DBPs analyzed were total trihalomethanes, the five most common haloacetic acids combined, and individual species. Associations were estimated for all NTDs combined and selected subtypes (spina bifida, anencephaly) with maternal periconceptional exposure to DBPs in public water systems and with average daily periconceptional ingestion of DBPs accounting for individual‐level consumption and filtration information. Mixed effects logistic regression models with maternal race/ethnicity and educational attainment at delivery as fixed effects and study site as a random intercept were applied.ResultsOverall, 111 case and 649 control children were eligible for analyses. Adjusted odds ratios for maternal exposure to DBPs in public water systems ranged from 0.8–1.5 for all NTDs combined, 0.6–2.0 for spina bifida, and 0.7–1.9 for anencephaly; respective ranges for average daily maternal ingestion of DBPs were 0.7–1.1, 0.5–1.5, and 0.6–1.8. Several positive estimates (≥1.2) were observed, but all confidence intervals included the null.ConclusionsUsing community‐ and individual‐level data from a large, US, population‐based, case–control study, we observed statistically nonsignificant associations between maternal periconceptional exposure to total and individual DBP species in drinking water and NTDs and subtypes.
Combination of irradiated chitosan and microbial agent to reduce downy mildew on grapevine cv. Thompson seedless
Authors: Khatal Mahadev , Narute Tanaji , Sonawane Rakesh , Bhalerao Vikas , Dalvi Sunil 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGlobally sustainable disease management ensuring high quality in grapes is in demand as it holds significant importance as a versatile fruit for consumption, winemaking, and production of various products such as grape juice, raisin, and grape‐seed oil. The present paper reports a combination of nano‐biotechnology as a promising strategy for enhancing plant health and fruit productivity in grapes combining Irradiated chitosan nanoparticles and bio‐control agents. The Irradiated Chitosan with Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma viridae and pesticides were evaluated for disease management. Percent disease index, percent disease control, and percent yield enhancement in Cymoxanil 8% + Mamcozeb 64% WP @ 0.2% treatment were as 17. 24%, 67.97% and 33.91% in 150 ppm Irradiated chitosan+B. subtilis were 19.83, 63.16, 30.41 and in Trichoderma 150 ppm Irradiated chitosan were 24.58, 54.33, and 27.40, respectively as compared to untreated crop with disease severity 53.84% PDI. Thus, irradiated chitosan and Bacillus subtilis elucidated a synergistic combination for residue‐free efficient phytosanitary measures, which harnessed the strength of chitosan and bio‐control agents for sustainable grape productivity. These findings will also pave the way for a deeper understanding of the synergistic interaction between Irradiated nanochitosan and bio‐control agents for an eco‐friendly and economically viable disease management strategy. The minimum temperature and morning relative humidity (RH I) had positive significance, with correlation coefficients of 0.484 and 0.485, respectively. The evening relative humidity (RH II) had a positive highly significant positive correlation coefficient of 0.664. Chitosan merits as a multiple stress tolerance enhancing agent that will further help in mitigating climate change adaptations in grapevines reducing reliance on chemical agro‐inputs.