bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationships between depression and life activities and well-being of multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Leonavičius Rytis , Adomaitienė Virginija , Leskauskas Darius 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most disabling neurodegenerative disorders. Depression is the most frequent psychiatric disorder accompanying MS. Although much attention is given to correlations between depression and MS clinical factors, analysis of correlations between depression and life activities (social, household, professional activities and family life) and the well-being of MS patients’ is insufficient. However, improvement of these functions could positively influence the outcomes of MS treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate relationships between depression, life activities of MS patients, and their proposals how to improve the well-being. Materials and methods. The study lasted three years with 270 adult MS patients involved in it. ICD-10 criteria were used to diagnose depression. Original questionnaire was used to measure life activities and the well-being of the patients. Results. Prevalence of depression was 20.7% with no difference regarding the gender. Almost 84% of depressed respondents indicated, that MS disturbs their family life, 71.4% recommended to assign more attention to MS in general and 64.3% — to include more medications into reimbursement list. Conclusions. MS patients diagnosed with depression significantly more often than non-depressed indicate that MS disturbs their family life; recommend to assign more attention to MS in general and to include more medications into reimbursement list.
Scylla l'ambivalente
Authors: Stilp Florian 
Published: July 2011

Résumé L’iconographie de Scylla commence vers 600 av. J-C. avec la seule et unique image qui corresponde à la description homérique du monstre. C’est vers 470 qu’apparaissent les premières attestations du nouveau type de Scylla, anthropomorphisée, qui va finir par devenir le type canonique. La reprise du mythe de Scylla au début du v e s. av. J.-C. a complètement modifié la nature du monstre et le message qu’il véhicule : issue d’une transformation tragique, Scylla sera accompagnée jusqu’à la fin de l’Antiquité d’une ambivalence inconnue du monstre d’Homère. À l’époque classique, les images d’une Scylla calme et pensive surprennent, mais à partir du ii e s. av. J.-C. Scylla anthropomorphisée prend définitivement la place du monstre odysséen, tout en gardant un rôle ambivalent, qui oscille entre protection et désir d’anéantissement.
Classer et juger les transgressions politiques
Authors: Lecrique Jean-Michel , Lascoumes Pierre , Bezes Philippe 
Published: July 2011

Résumé Les enjeux de probité publique se prêtent bien aux recherches qualitatives menées par focus group , habituellement utilisées dans l’exploration des conflits moraux et normatifs. La démarche est ici mobilisée pour explorer l’ambiguïté des jugements portés par les citoyens sur les pratiques et transgressions des élus. Elle repose sur huit groupes socio-culturellement différenciés et sur une exploitation originale à partir d’une méthode de quantification du contenu des discours recueillis. L’article montre l’existence d’une échelle homogène de qualification et de classification des pratiques politiques qui graduent les jugements de réprobation. La discussion collective favorise l’expression de formes de modération dans les jugements. L’exploitation pointe des différences liées aux caractéristiques sociales des groupes. Elle identifie des « répertoires argumentatifs », mobilisant des principes de jugement divergents.
La méthode de l'intervention sociologique
Authors: Cousin Olivier , Rui Sandrine 
Published: July 2011

Résumé La méthode de l’intervention sociologique, élaborée et mise en œuvre par Alain Touraine, est à l’origine d’enquêtes et d’ouvrages importants en sociologie. Toutefois, elle est restée dans l’ombre et demeure utilisée par un cercle plutôt étroit de chercheurs. Cet article lie donc deux aspects : il rappelle les grands principes de la méthode, tout en précisant les évolutions qu’elle a connues en passant de la problématique du mouvement social à la compréhension des problèmes sociaux ; il interroge ensuite la singularité de la méthode au regard des différentes modalités d’entretiens collectifs. Il apparaît alors que, originale et exigeante, l’intervention sociologique est aussi par certains aspects proche d’autres méthodes réflexives de groupe.
Deficiency of the Leukotriene B4 Receptor, BLT-1, Protects against Systemic Insulin Resistance in Diet-Induced Obesity
Authors: Spite Matthew , Hellmann Jason , Tang Yunan , Mathis Steven P. , Kosuri Madhavi , Bhatnagar Aruni , Jala Venkatakrishna R. , Haribabu Bodduluri 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Chronic inflammation is an underlying factor linking obesity with insulin resistance. Diet-induced obesity promotes an increase in circulating levels of inflammatory monocytes and their infiltration into expanding adipose tissue. Nevertheless, the endogenous pathways that trigger and sustain chronic low-grade inflammation in obesity are incompletely understood. In this study, we report that a high-fat diet selectively increases the circulating levels of CD11b+ monocytes in wild-type mice that express leukotriene B4 receptor, BLT-1, and that this increase is abolished in BLT-1–null mice. The accumulation of classically activated (M1) adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines (i.e., IL-6 and Ccl2) was largely blunted in adipose tissue of obese BLT-1−/− mice, whereas the ratio of alternatively activated (M2) ATMs to M1 ATMs was increased. Obese BLT-1−/− mice were protected from systemic glucose and insulin intolerance and this was associated with a decrease in inflammation in adipose tissue and liver and a decrease in hepatic triglyceride accumulation. Deletion of BLT-1 prevented high fat-induced loss of insulin signaling in liver and skeletal muscle. These observations elucidate a novel role of chemoattractant receptor, BLT-1, in promoting monocyte trafficking to adipose tissue and promoting chronic inflammation in obesity and could lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets for treating insulin resistance in obesity.
A Locally Compact Non Divisible Abelian Group Whose Character Group Is Torsion Free and Divisible
Authors: Tausk Daniel V. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIt was claimed by Halmos in 1944 that if G is a Hausdorff locally compact topological abelian group and if the character group of G is torsion free, then G is divisible. We prove that such a claim is false by presenting a family of counterexamples. While other counterexamples are known, we also present a family of stronger counterexamples, showing that even if one assumes that the character group of G is both torsion free and divisible, it does not follow that G is divisible.
Dutch hydrogen economy: evolution of optimal supply infrastructure and evaluation of key influencing elements
Authors: Murthy Konda N.V.S.N. , Shah Nilay , Brandon Nigel P. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTPossible pathways for the evolution of hydrogen (H2) supply infrastructure in The Netherlands are explored and then, from a broader perspective, important factors that can play pivotal role in the evolution, and success, of Dutch H2 economy are analysed. First, an optimization framework (based on comprehensive spatio‐temporal techno‐economic analysis) is used to map out optimal transition pathways if H2 were to be introduced in the Dutch transport sector. It is observed that a centralized supply network (with production facilities based on the Rotterdam area and H2 is trucked to other regions) will be necessary, in the base‐case scenario with 25% market penetration of fuel cell vehicles by 2050. Second, a critical quantitative and qualitative assessment is carried out to understand when do (or can) other production technologies become economically competitive with steam methane reforming (SMR), to produce H2. For instance, in the case of coal gasification (CG), for a medium size plant (∼150 tpd), coal ($ /MMBtu) needs to be about 7$ cheaper than natural gas ($ /MMBtu) for CG, at its current state of the technology, to be economically competitive with SMR. Third, since the evolution and eventually the success of fossil‐based H2 economy, especially during the transition period, may partly depend on the prospects for the carbon capture and storage (CCS), a qualitative assessment of the Dutch CCS potential and current activities is carried out. (Disclaimer: Results/comments are the authors' and do not necessarily represent the views of the associated organizations/institutions) Copyright © 2011 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Control of Surface Wettability and Photomicropatterning with a Polymorphic Diarylethene Crystal upon Photoirradiation
Authors: Kitagawa Daichi , Yamashita Itsuka , Kobatake Seiya 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA photochromic diarylethene crystal of 1,2‐bis(2‐methyl‐6‐nitro‐1‐benzothiophen‐3‐yl)perfluorocyclopentene (1 a) was found to undergo a thermodynamic phase transition at 180 °C to form a needle‐like crystal, designated as 1 a‐γ. The phase transition involves melting of the initial α‐crystal and growth of the γ‐crystal. The phase transition temperature decreased with the presence of the closed‐ring isomer (1 b) in the crystal because of the decrease in the melting temperature. Upon irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) light, compound 1 a in the α‐crystal was converted into 1 b to an extent of 20 %. Consequently, the α‐crystal containing 20 % of 1 b underwent the phase transition accompanied by melting of the crystal and growth of the γ‐crystal even at 170 °C. Photomicropatterning by the phase transition upon irradiation with UV light using a photomask, followed by heating at 170 °C, was successfully accomplished with a resolution in the microcrystalline pattern of about 20 μm. The contact angle with water on the γ‐microcrystalline phase on a glass substrate was larger than that on the α‐microcrystalline phase by 20°. This can be ascribed to a difference in the roughness of the surface. Furthermore, the γ‐microcrystal was also found to be formed upon heating an amorphous film of 1 a in poly(methyl methacrylate) for 2 min at 130 °C. The crystallized area exhibited a higher water contact angle than the amorphous area. Upon irradiation of the amorphous film with UV light, such crystallization did not take place because of the impurity effect of 1 b in 1 a. Photomicropatterning by the crystallization in the polymer showed a pattern with a higher resolution of about 4 μm, which was much better than that of the neat crystal. This photopatterning process represents a useful tool for controlling the surface wettability in relevant applications.
Development and validation of a reversed‐phase HPLC method for determination of lesatropane and enantiomeric impurity
Authors: Yang Li‐Min , Xie Yi‐Fan , Gu Zhou‐Hui , Wang Ai‐Ling , Chen Hong‐Zhuan , Lu Yang 
Published: July 2011

AbstractLesatropane is a novel muscarinic receptor agonist and is currently being under preclinical development in China as a single enantiomer drug for the treatment of primary glaucoma. A reversed‐phase chiral HPLC method for determination of lesatropane and enantiomeric impurity was developed. Enantiomeric separation of lesatropane from its enantiomer (desatropane) was achieved in normal‐phase mode with Chiralpak AD‐H and in reversed‐phase mode with Chiralpak AS‐RH. The conditions using a Chiralpak AS‐RH column and mobile phase of K2HPO4–KH2PO4 (pH 7.0; 0.02 M)–acetonitrile (69:31, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min have been fully validated with satisfactory specificity, linearity, accuracy, and precision. The method was found to be suitable for the simultaneous quantitation of lesatropane and enantiomeric impurity desatropane. Chirality, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Advancing understanding of runoff and sediment transfers in agricultural catchments through simultaneous observations across scales
Authors: Deasy C. , Baxendale S.A. , Heathwaite A.L. , Ridall G. , Hodgkinson R. , Brazier R.E. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTOur understanding of the effect of scale on runoff and sediment transfers within catchments is currently limited by a lack of available data. A multi‐scale dataset of 17 rainfall events collected simultaneously at four spatial scales within a small agricultural catchment in 2005–2006 is presented. Analysis using exploratory techniques and a two‐step, zero‐inflated lognormal mixed‐effects regression model, has demonstrated that event responses, and event response characteristics representing runoff and sediment peaks and area‐normalized yields, are scale dependent, and hence cannot be transferred directly between scales. Runoff and sediment yields increase as scale increases, and it is proposed that this effect, which differs from that observed in the few other studies of scale effects undertaken, is due to increasing connectivity within the catchment, and the dominance of preferential flow pathways including through macropores and field drains. The processes contributing to scale dependence in the data, and the possibility that certain processes dominate at particular scales, are discussed. The data presented here help to improve our spatial understanding of runoff and sediment transport in small agricultural catchments, and provide examples of the type of spatial dataset and the type of analysis that are essential if we are to develop models which are able to predict runoff and soil erosion accurately, and allow us to manage runoff and sediment transport effectively across scales. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theta and gamma coherence across the septotemporal axis during distinct behavioral states
Authors: Penley Stephanie C. , Hinman James R. , Sabolek Helen R. , Escabí Monty A. , Markus Etan J. , Chrobak James J. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractTheta (4–12 Hz) and gamma (40–100 Hz) field potentials represent the interaction of synchronized synaptic input onto distinct neuronal populations within the hippocampal formation. Theta is quite prominent during exploratory activity, locomotion, and REM sleep. Although it is generally acknowledged that theta is coherent throughout most of the hippocampus, there is significant variability in theta, as well as gamma, coherence across lamina at any particular septotemporal level of the hippocampus. Larger differences in theta coherence are observed across the septotemporal (long) axis. We have reported that during REM sleep there is a decrease in theta coherence across the long axis that varies with the topography of CA3/mossy cell input rather than the topography of the prominent entorhinal input. On the basis of differences in the rat's behavior as well as the activity of neuromodulatory inputs (e.g., noradrenergic and serotonergic), we hypothesized that theta coherence across the long axis would be greater during locomotion than REM sleep and exhibit a pattern more consistent with the topography of entorhinal inputs. We examined theta and gamma coherence indices at different septotemporal and laminar sites during distinct theta states: locomotion during maze running, REM sleep, following acute treatment with a θ‐inducing cholinomimetic (physostigmine) and for comparison during slow‐wave sleep. The results demonstrate a generally consistent pattern of theta and gamma coherence across the septotemporal axis of the hippocampus that is quite indifferent to sensory input and overt behavior. These results are discussed with regards to the neurobiological mechanisms that generate theta and gamma and the growing body of evidence linking theta and gamma indices to memory and other cognitive functions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lipopolysaccharide administration in vivo induces differential expression of cAMP‐specific phosphodiesterase 4B mRNA splice variants in the mouse brain
Authors: Johansson Emily M. , Sanabra Cristina , Cortés Roser , Vilaró M. Teresa , Mengod Guadalupe 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMany inflammatory processes involve cAMP. Pharmacological manipulation of cAMP levels using specific phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors provokes an antiinflammatory response. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the pattern and levels of expression of mRNAs coding for the cAMP‐specific PDE4 family and subfamilies in mouse brain during the immediate acute immune response provoked by an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). PDE4B, and furthermore the splice variants PDE4B2 and PDE4B3, were the only mRNAs that showed altered expression. Whereas PDE4B2 presented increased expression at both 3 and 8 hr postinjection, PDE4B3 mRNA showed decreased expression that reached a minimum 8 hr postinjection. PDE4B2 mRNA upregulation was observed mainly in endothelial and macrophage/neutrophil cell populations in the leptomeninges, and the downregulation of PDE4B3 was observed mainly in oligodendrocytes throughout the brain. Our results clearly illustrate the distinctive anatomical distribution and cellular localization of the PDE4Bs during neuroinflammation and emphasize the importance of PDE4B splice‐variant‐specific inhibitors as therapeutic tools. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Do the motor manifestations of parkinson disease alter motor axon excitability?
Authors: Jankelowitz Stacey K. , Burke David 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground: Axonal excitability is altered in common medical conditions such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, and spinal cord injury. Given the motor neuron changes in the presence of rigidity and tremor in Parkinson disease, we examine whether there are also changes in motor axon excitability. Methods: Axonal excitability studies were performed in 15 Parkinson subjects and 12 age‐matched control subjects. Results: There was no significant difference in excitability indices between Parkinson subjects and control subjects. Conclusions: It is unlikely that the lack of change in the excitability indices reflects a balance between the effects of bradykinesia (“underactivity”) and the effects of rigidity and tremor (“overactivity”) on the motoneuron and its axon. It is more likely that plastic changes in motoneuron properties do not occur symmetrically with decreases and increases in activity, being more profound when activity levels are interrupted and less obvious when they are enhanced. Muscle Nerve 45: 43–47, 2012
Targeting of Kv7.5 (KCNQ5)/KCNE channels to surface microdomains of cell membranes
Authors: Roura‐Ferrer Meritxell , Solé Laura , Oliveras Anna , Villarroel Alvaro , Comes Núria , Felipe Antonio 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground: Kv7.5 (KCNQ5) channels conduct M‐type potassium currents in the brain, are expressed in skeletal muscle, and contribute to vascular muscle tone. Methods: We coexpressed Kv7.5 and KCNE1–3 peptides in HEK293 cells and then analyzed their association using electrophysiology and co‐immunoprecipitation, assessed localization using confocal microscopy, examined targeting of the oligomeric channels to cholesterol‐rich membrane surface microdomains using lipid raft isolation, and evaluated their membrane dynamics using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). Results: Kv7.5 forms oligomeric channels specifically with KCNE1 and KCNE3. The expression of Kv7.5 targeted to cholesterol‐rich membrane surface microdomains was very low. Oligomeric Kv7.5/KCNE1 and Kv7.5/KCNE3 channels did not localize to lipid rafts. However, Kv7.5 association impaired KCNE3 expression in lipid raft microdomains. Conclusions: Our results indicate that Kv7.5 contributes to the spatial regulation of KCNE3. This new scenario could greatly assist in determining the physiological relevance of putative KCNE3 interactions in nerve and muscle. Muscle Nerve 45: 48–54, 2012
Age‐related changes in dystrophin–glycoprotein complex and in utrophin are not correlated with intrinsic laryngeal muscles protection in mdx mice
Authors: Ferretti Renato , Pertille Adriana , Neto Humberto Santo , Marques Maria Julia 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn this study we investigate whether dystrophic intrinsic laryngeal muscles (ILM) from aged mdx mice show alterations in dystrophin–glycoprotein complex (DGC) components.Immunofluorescence and immunoblotting analyses of beta‐sarcoglycan, beta‐dystroglycan, and utrophin showed that aged ILM had a similar pattern of changes in aged affected muscles (diaphragm and limb), suggesting that aging leads to changes in utrophin and DGC proteins in dystrophic ILM that cannot be correlated with their protection from dystrophic change. Muscle Nerve, 2011
Antiangiogenic treatment as a pre‐operative management of alveolar soft‐part sarcoma
Authors: Conde Nuria , Cruz Ofelia , Albert Asteria , Mora Jaume 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAlveolar soft‐part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare tumor. Cure is based solely on radical surgery. The general prognosis is poor. The tongue is an unusual site in adults, but not in children. Tumor removal can cause a severe impact on quality of life, even if reconstruction is possible. ASPS is a highly vascularized tumor and antiangiogenic therapy may have a role. We describe the use of the antiangiogenic combination bevacizumab and celecoxib in the preoperative management of a patient with an ASPS of the tongue. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 1071–1073. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rheological properties and crystal morphology of poly(ethylene oxide)/clay nanocomposites
Authors: Ratna Debdatta , Abraham Thomas 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPoly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)/organoclay nanocomposites were prepared by a solution intercalation method. The crystallization behavior of the nanocomposites was investigated by a cross‐polarized optical microscopy (CPOM) fitted with a hot‐stage facility. A decrease in size and regularity were observed as a result of incorporation of clay into the PEO matrix. The dynamic viscoelastic behavior of PEO/organoclay nanocomposites was assessed using a strain‐controlled parallel plate rheometer. The effects of clay concentration on the rheological properties of the nanocomposites were extensively studied. A significant increase in the viscosity and storage modulus of the nanocomposites was found with increasing clay content. The reinforcing effect of the organoclay was determined by using a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) and compared with the theoretically calculated values. POLYM. COMPOS., © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers.