bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The densities of bacteria, picophytoplankton, heterotrophic nanoflagellates and ciliates in Lake Kasumigaura (Japan) monitored monthly since 1996
Authors: Takamura Noriko , Nakagawa Megumi 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis data paper describes the densities of the bacterioplankton, picocyanobacteria, eukaryotic picoplankton, heterotrophic nanoflagellates and ciliates in the water of Lake Kasumigaura—a shallow, eutrophic lake that is the second largest in Japan. All of these planktonic organisms are components of a microbial loop and are countable using an epifluorescence microscope. These data represent the results of monthly collections from April 1996 through March 2010 at two sites on the lake, and this data set is unique among the available published data papers concerning lakes or plankton and continues to be freely available. The monitoring was performed as a component of the Lake Kasumigaura Long‐term Environmental Monitoring program conducted by National Institute for Environmental Studies since 1977 and includes water quality, plankton, and benthos. The data have been used for ecological studies and for studies on the management of water quality.
Reducing the impact of location errors for target tracking in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Souza Éfren L. , Nakamura Eduardo F. , de Oliveira Horácio A. B. F. , Figueiredo Carlos M. S. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn wireless sensor networks (WSNs), target tracking algorithms usually depend on geographical information provided by localization algorithms. However, errors introduced by such algorithms affect the performance of tasks that rely on that information. A major source or errors in localization algorithms is the distance estimation procedure, which often is based on received signal strength indicator measurements. In this work, we use a Kalman Filter to improve the distance estimation within localization algorithms to reduce distance estimation errors, ultimately improving the target tracking accuracy. As a proof-of-concept, we chose the recursive position estimation and directed position estimation as the localization algorithms, while Kalman and Particle filters are used for tracking a moving target. We provide a deep performance assessment of these combined algorithms (localization and tracking) for WSNs are used. Our results show that by filtering multiple distance estimates in the localization algorithms we can improve the tracking accuracy, but the associate communication cost must not be neglected.
Russian labor: Quiescence and conflict
Authors: Vinogradova Elena , Kozina Irina , Cook Linda 
Published: August 2012

This paper aims to explain the characteristics and internal mechanisms of protest activity and solidarity among Russia’s industrial workers over the past two decades. Both academic discussions and officials’ attitudes toward protests prove contradictory. Even in periods of increase, labor activism has remained limited. Yet authorities continue to show concern about real and potential discontent, while academics puzzle over the dominance of quiescence as well as the reasons for sporadic activism. The research presented in this article advances our understanding of both: the limits of protest, and the causes, forms and goals of Russian labor’s periodic collective activism. We rely on a combination of available statistical and recent survey data to try to resolve the paradoxes of labor’s quiescence and conflict, as well as elites’ neglect and concern.
The research finds changes in patterns of labor activism over the two decades. During the 1990s, most strikes were limited, defensive, managed, or desperate in character. In Russia’s recovered economy, from 2006 a qualitatively different, “classical” pattern of strikes and labor relations emerged. Workers’ collective actions mainly affected large, profitable industrial and transnational enterprises and took the form of “normalized” bargaining and conflict between labor and management. With the 2008–09 recession workers returned to the defensive strategies of the 1990s, protesting wage cuts and factory closures. Survey research from 2010 shows workers to be almost evenly divided between groups with positive and negative attitudes toward solidarity and bargaining.
Predation of larval benthic invertebrates in St George’s Bay, Nova Scotia
Authors: Short Jessie , Metaxas Anna , Daigle Rémi M. 
Published: August 2012

Larval survival during planktonic dispersal is crucial to the connectivity among benthic populations. Although predation has been suggested as an important cause of larval mortality, this process has rarely been quantified in the field. We measured the abundance of various larval species in the water column in St George’s Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada, on 3 different occasions in summer (August 2008, July and August 2009), the period of high larval abundance in our region. We sampled four numerically dominant predators (scyphozoans: Cyanea capillata and Aurelia aurita; fishes: Gasterosteus aculeatus and Merluccius bilinearis) and lobster larvae near the water surface with a neuston net and other larval species in the water column (3 m depth) with a ring net. Larvae found in the gut contents of the predators included various species of gastropods, crustaceans and bivalves, and these were more abundant in the scyphozoans than the fishes. We attribute these differences to variation in predation method. For certain larval taxa, we found significant differences between the proportional abundance in the guts of C. capillata and in the water column, indicating prey selectivity. This study evaluates the potential impact of predation on larval survival and indicates that the presence of predators can cause changes in abundance and consequent taxonomic shifts in species dominance of larvae, influencing their successful subsequent recruitment to the benthos.
Iheyaspira bathycodon new species (Vetigastropoda: Trochoidea: Turbinidae: Skeneinae) from the Von Damm Vent Field, Mid-Cayman Spreading Centre, Caribbean
Authors: Nye Verity , Copley Jon , Linse Katrin , Plouviez Sophie 
Published: August 2012

Iheyaspira bathycodon sp. nov. is described from the Von Damm Vent Field on the world's deepest spreading centre, the Mid-Cayman Spreading Centre (MCSC), Caribbean, at 2300 m depth. The new species is defined and illustrated from 11 specimens, with brief notes on habitat and known distribution. Molecular phylogenetic data from partial COI mDNA, 16S rDNA and nuclear 18S rDNA regions are used to analyse the species’ phylogenetic position and its morphology is compared with previously described skeneid and vent taxa. The new species is distinguished from the most closely allied vent species, Iheyaspira lequios Okutani, Sasaki & Tsuchida, 2000 by morphological differences in radula diagnosis and appendage structure of the head-foot. Iheyaspira bathycodon sp. nov. is the tenth turbinid to be described from a hydrothermal-vent environment and the second species to be named from recently discovered hydrothermal vents on the MCSC. Determining the faunal composition of assemblages at the vent fields of the MCSC will help to elucidate the vent biogeography of the region.
A new species ofLebbeus(Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Hippolytidae) from the Von Damm Vent Field, Caribbean Sea
Authors: Nye Verity , Copley Jon , Plouviez Sophie , Van Dover Cindy Lee 
Published: August 2012

A new species of the hippolytid shrimp genusLebbeusWhite, 1847 is described from the Von Damm Vent Field (VDVF) on the Mid-Cayman Spreading Centre, Caribbean Sea, at 2294 m water depth.Lebbeus virentovasp. nov. is defined and illustrated from seven specimens, with brief notes on its distribution and habitat. Molecular phylogenetic data from the COI mDNA region are used to analyse the species’ phylogenetic position, and its morphology is compared with previously described species. This new species represents the second family of caridean shrimp to be reported from the VDVF.Lebbeus virentovasp. nov. is the eighth member of the genus to be described from hydrothermal vents and appears to be the first hippolytid shrimp at a vent field known from outside the Pacific Ocean.
Sunshine, rainfall, humidity and child pneumonia in the tropics: time-series analyses
Authors: PAYNTER S. , WEINSTEIN P. , WARE R. S. , LUCERO M. G. , TALLO V. , NOHYNEK H. , BARNETT A. G. , SKELLY C. , SIMÕES E. A. F. , SLY P. D. , WILLIAMS G. ,   the ARIVAC Consortium
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYFew studies have formally examined the relationship between meteorological factors and the incidence of child pneumonia in the tropics, despite the fact that most child pneumonia deaths occur there. We examined the association between four meteorological exposures (rainy days, sunshine, relative humidity, temperature) and the incidence of clinical pneumonia in young children in the Philippines using three time-series methods: correlation of seasonal patterns, distributed lag regression, and case-crossover. Lack of sunshine was most strongly associated with pneumonia in both lagged regression [overall relative risk over the following 60 days for a 1-h increase in sunshine per day was 0·67 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0·51–0·87)] and case-crossover analysis [odds ratio for a 1-h increase in mean daily sunshine 8–14 days earlier was 0·95 (95% CI 0·91–1·00)]. This association is well known in temperate settings but has not been noted previously in the tropics. Further research to assess causality is needed.
Familial intergenerational and maternal aggregation patterns in nutrient intakes in the Lifeways Cross-Generation Cohort Study
Authors: Shrivastava Aakash , Murrin Celine , Sweeney Mary Rose , Heavey Patricia , Kelleher Cecily C 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe current study prospectively examines the intra-uterine hypothesis by comparing maternal, paternal and grandparental lineage influences on children's diet and also maternal–child aggregation patterns during pregnancy and early childhood.DesignPrenatal dietary information was available for expectant mothers, fathers and up to four grandparents through a detailed validated semi-quantitative FFQ. At 6-year follow-up, when children averaged 5 years of age, dietary information was re-collected for mothers and a subset of maternal grandmothers using the same FFQ. Child's FFQ version was used for children. Anthropometric and sociodemographic variables were also collected.SettingsThree-generation familial cohort representative of the contemporary Irish national population.SubjectsChildren aged 5 years (n 567) and their parents and grandparents.ResultsAssociations for energy, macronutrient and fibre intakes were compared using Pearson's correlations, intra-class correlations (ICC) and linear regression models, adjusted for energy and potential confounders. Significant, moderate-strength positive correlations were observed for nutrient intakes in children's nuclear families (ICC (range) = 0·22–0·28). The father–child associations (r (range) = 0·13–0·20) were weaker than the mother–child associations (r (range) = 0·14–0·33). In general, associations were stronger for maternal postnatal intake–child intake than for maternal prenatal intake–child intake, except for percentage of energy from fat (adjusted β = 0·16, 95 % CI 0·05, 0·26; P = 0·004), which was stronger for maternal prenatal intake, specifically in non-breast-fed children (adjusted β = 0·28, 95 % CI 0·12, 0·44; P = 0·001). Among all grandparents, correlations were significant only for maternal grandmother–mother pairs (r (range) = 0·10–0·36). Significant positive ICC were observed for nutrient intakes of maternal grandmother–mother–child triads (ICC (range) = 0·12–0·27), not found in paternal lines.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that maternal-environment programming influences dietary intake.
“Fun, Yes, but Music?” Steve Reich and the San Francisco Bay Area's Cultural Nexus, 1962–65
Authors: COLE ROSS 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis article traces Steve Reich through the Bay Area's cultural nexus during the period 1962–65, exploring intersections with Luciano Berio, Phil Lesh, Terry Riley, Robert Nelson, the San Francisco Mime Troupe, and the San Francisco Tape Music Center. The aim is to present a revised history of this era by drawing on personal interviews with Tom Constanten, R. G. Davis, Jon Gibson, Saul Landau, Pauline Oliveros, and Ramon Sender. In addition, previously unused source materials and contemporaneous newspaper reception are employed to provide a more nuanced contextual framework. Reich's heterogeneous activities—ranging from “third stream” music and multimedia happenings to incidental scores and tape collage—deserve investigation on their own terms, rather than from within narratives concerned with the stylistic development of “minimalism.” More appropriate and viable aesthetic parallels are drawn between Reich's work for tape and Californian Funk art.
Inertial currents in the Caspian Sea
Authors: Farley Nicholls J. , Toumi R. , Budgell W. P. 
Published: August 2012

We present the first simulation of near‐inertial oscillations in the Caspian Sea. Model amplitude is in good agreement with observations. Annual mean near‐inertial oscillations are found to be up to 14 cm/s with a seasonal maximum in the summer approximately twice as great as in the winter. The energy increases away from the coast at a rate of up to 0.8 cm2 s−2 km−1; the strongest relationship is with distance from the 50 m depth contour. The peak amplitude also occurs later further from the coastline with a delay of the order of 1 day per 100 km distance. These features are consistent with propagating baroclinic and barotropic waves.
On the altitude of the ELF/VLF source region generated during “beat‐wave” HF heating experiments
Authors: Moore R. C. , Fujimaru S. , Cohen M. , Gołkowski M. , McCarrick M. J. 
Published: August 2012

Modulated high frequency (HF, 3–10 MHz) heating of the ionosphere in the presence of the auroral electrojet currents is an effective method for generating extremely low frequency (ELF, 3–3000 Hz) and very low frequency (VLF, 3–30 kHz) radio waves. The amplitudes of ELF/VLF waves generated in this manner depend sensitively on the auroral electrojet current strength, which varies with time. In an effort to improve the reliability of ELF/VLF wave generation by ionospheric heating, recent experiments at the High‐frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) facility in Gakona, Alaska, have focused on methods that are independent of the strength of the auroral electrojet currents. One such potential method is so‐called “beat‐wave” ELF/VLF generation. Recent experimental observations have been presented to suggest that in the absence of a significantD‐region ionosphere (∼60–100 km altitude), an ELF/VLF source region can be created within theF‐region ionosphere (∼150–250 km altitude). In this paper, we use a time‐of‐arrival analysis technique to provide direct experimental evidence that the beat‐wave source region is located in theD‐region ionosphere, and possibly the lowerE‐region ionosphere (∼100–120 km altitude), even when ionospheric diagnostics indicate a very weakD‐layer. These results have a tremendous impact on the interpretation of recent experimental observations.
On Nation, Gender, and Class Formation in Belarus … and Elsewhere in the Post-Soviet World
Authors: Gapova Elena 
Published: August 2012

“Liberal democracy, in truth, is the political arrangement under which capital thrives best.” Slavoj Zizek“It's the economy, stupid!” (Slogan on the wall of Bill Clinton's headquarters during his presidential campaign in 1992).On 9 September 2001 presidential elections were held in Belarus for the first time since Alexandar Lukashenka became the president in 1994. To remain in power for seven years instead of the four for which he had been elected, he changed the constitution. Held in an undemocratic manner, with falsification of voting results, repression of political opponents, and blocking access to most media for opposition candidates, the 2001 elections became the acme of the confrontation between the authoritarian executive power and the opposition, labeled either democratic or nationalist, depending on one's perspective. The voting situation and how Westernized urban intelligentsia perceived it can best be illustrated by the following submission to the Slavic and East European Languages and Literatures electronic bulletin board. The message was sent by a list subscriber from Minsk (reproduced exactly as it appeared, the sender's name omitted):
Challenges for Implementing an Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management
Authors: Cowan James H. , Rice Jake C. , Walters Carl J. , Hilborn Ray , Essington Timothy E. , Day John W. , Boswell Kevin M. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The ecosystem approach is being promoted as the foundation of solutions to the unsustainability of fisheries. However, because the ecosystem approach is broadly inclusive, the science for its implementation is often considered to be overly complex and difficult. When the science needed for an ecosystem approach to fisheries is perceived this way, science products cannot keep pace with fisheries critics, thus encouraging partisan political interference in fisheries management and proliferation of “faith-based solutions. In this paper we argue that one way to effectively counter politicization of fisheries decision-making is to ensure that new ecosystem-based approaches in fisheries are viewed only as an emergent property of innovation in science and policy. We organize our essay using three major themes to focus the discussion: empirical, jurisdictional, and societal challenges. We undertake at least partial answers to the following questions: (1) has conventional fisheries management really failed?; (2) can short-comings in conventional fisheries management be augmented with new tools, such as allocation of rights?; (3) is the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries (EAF) equivalent to Ecosystem-Based Management?; and (4) is restoration of degraded ecosystems a necessary component of an EAF?
Received March 6, 2012; accepted April 26, 2012
Alveolar Macrophages and Toll-like Receptor 4 Mediate Ventilated Lung Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Mice
Authors: Prakash Arun , Mesa Kailin R. , Wilhelmsen Kevin , Xu Fengyun , Dodd-o Jeffrey M. , Hellman Judith 
Published: August 2012

Background
Ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury is a sterile inflammatory process that is commonly associated with diverse clinical situations such as hemorrhage followed by resuscitation, transient embolic events, and organ transplantation. I-R injury can induce lung dysfunction whether the I-R occurs in the lung or in a remote organ. Recently, evidence has emerged that receptors and pathways of the innate immune system are involved in recognizing sterile inflammation and overlap considerably with those involved in the recognition of and response to pathogens.

Methods
The authors used a mouse surgical model of transient unilateral left pulmonary artery occlusion without bronchial involvement to create ventilated lung I-R injury. In addition, they mimicked nutritional I-R injury in vitro by transiently depriving cells of all nutrients.

Results
Compared with sham-operated mice, mice subjected to ventilated lung I-R injury had up-regulated lung expression of inflammatory mediator messenger RNA for interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand-1 and -2, paralleled by histologic evidence of lung neutrophil recruitment and increased plasma concentrations of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and high-mobility group protein B1 proteins. This inflammatory response to I-R required toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4). In addition, the authors demonstrated in vitro cooperativity and cross-talk between human macrophages and endothelial cells, resulting in augmented inflammatory responses to I-R. Remarkably, the authors found that selective depletion of alveolar macrophages rendered mice resistant to ventilated lung I-R injury.

Conclusions
The data reveal that alveolar macrophages and the pattern recognition receptor toll-like receptor-4 are involved in the generation of the early inflammatory response to lung I-R injury.
Gender differences in presentation and outcome of nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenomas
Authors: Caputo Carmela , Sutherland Tom , Farish Stephen , McNeill Peter , Ng Kong W. , Inder Warrick J. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryObjectivesFew data exist regarding gender differences in hormonal outcomes in nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenomas (NFPMA). The aim was to assess whether there are gender differences in hormonal outcomes in NFPMA following pituitary surgery at a single centre.Design and methodsRetrospective review of cases undergoing a first surgical procedure for NFPMA. Preoperative hormonal function was available for 122 cases at presentation and 94 cases 6 months postoperatively. Multiple hormone deficiency was defined as ≥2 hormonal axis losses. Tumour size and invasion on MRI scan were assessed independently by a single neuroradiologist.ResultsAt presentation, men were more likely than women to have multiple hormonal deficiency (47% vs 28%, P = 0·038). Premenopausal women tended to have smaller adenomas than men, but neither adenoma size nor invasion was associated with multiple hormonal deficiency at presentation. Postoperatively, differences were observed with only 14% of premenopausal women exhibiting multiple hormone deficiency, compared with 36% of postmenopausal women and 46% of men (P = 0·03). Overall, postoperative hormonal recovery was observed in over one‐third of cases. Greatest recovery occurred in the gonadal axis of 60% (6/10) premenopausal women compared with 19% (8/43) of other groups combined (P = 0·007).ConclusionsPremenopausal women with NFPMA appear to have favourable hormonal outcomes. This may be due to a complex interplay between smaller tumour size and shorter disease duration. There should be no hesitation in offering pituitary surgery to premenopausal women with NFPMA, who have the most to gain in terms of restoration of hormonal function.
Twenty‐five years of volatile substance abuse mortality: a national mortality surveillance programme
Authors: Butland Barbara K. , Field‐Smith Mary E. , Ramsey John D. , Anderson H. Ross 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAimsTo investigate trends in volatile substance abuse (VSA) deaths over 25 years.DesignA national mortality surveillance programme with standardised data collection procedures.SettingTheUKand islands.Participants/MeasurementsAllVSAdeaths, 1983–2007.FindingsIn the five quinquennia from 1983 to 2007 the numbers ofVSAdeaths were 499, 609, 378, 349 and 258 respectively. There were gradual increases in the mean age at death in males and females and in the number ofVSAdeaths in women. Coincident with the 1992Department ofHealthAdvertisingCampaign,VSAdeaths in boys and girls (<18 years of age) fell by an estimated 56% (95%CI: 36%–70%) and 64% (20%–84%), respectively, from the underlying trend, but there was no evidence of any similar step change in either group following the 1999 Legislation prohibiting sales of cigarette lighter refills containing butane to those under the age of 18 years. Between 1983–1987 and 2003–2007, the ratio of aerosol to gas fuel deaths fell by an estimated 80% (57% to 91%) in adults, while the ratio of glue to gas fuel deaths fell by an estimated 95% (89% to 97%) in adults and an estimated 87% (−1% to 98%) in children.ConclusionsBetween 1983 and 2007, in the United Kingdom, the numbers of deaths associated with volatile substance abuse peaked in the early 1990s and fell to their lowest level in the mid‐2000s. The age at death increased in both males and females. There was a fall in the proportion of volatile substance abuse deaths involving glues and a rise, particularly in adults, in the proportion involving gas fuels.