bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Induction of Polyfunctional Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)-Specific T Lymphocytes and Rapid Disappearance of SIV from Lymph Nodes of Sooty Mangabeys during Primary Infection
Authors: Meythaler Mareike , Wang Zichun , Martinot Amanda , Pryputniewicz Sarah , Kasheta Melissa , McClure Harold M. , O’Neil Shawn P. , Kaur Amitinder 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Although the cellular immune response is essential for controlling SIV replication in Asian macaques, its role in maintaining nonpathogenic SIV infection in natural hosts such as sooty mangabeys (SM) remains to be defined. We have previously shown that similar to rhesus macaques (RM), SM are able to mount a T lymphocyte response against SIV infection. To investigate early control of SIV replication in natural hosts, we performed a detailed characterization of SIV-specific cellular immunity and viral control in the first 6 mo following SIV infection in SM. Detection of the initial SIV-specific IFN-γ ELISPOT response in SIVsmE041-infected SM coincided temporally with a decline in peak plasma viremia and was similar in magnitude, specificity, and breadth to SIVsmE041-infected and SIVmac239-infected RM. Despite these similarities, SM showed a greater reduction in postpeak plasma viremia and a more rapid disappearance of productively SIV-infected cells from the lymph node compared with SIVmac239-infected RM. The early Gag-specific CD8+ T lymphocyte response was significantly more polyfunctional in SM compared with RM, and granzyme B-positive CD8+ T lymphocytes were present at significantly higher frequencies in SM even prior to SIV infection. These findings suggest that the early SIV-specific T cell response may be an important determinant of lymphoid tissue viral clearance and absence of lymph node immunopathology in natural hosts of SIV infection.
Type I IFNs Control Antigen Retention and Survival of CD8α+ Dendritic Cells after Uptake of Tumor Apoptotic Cells Leading to Cross-Priming
Authors: Lorenzi Silvia , Mattei Fabrizio , Sistigu Antonella , Bracci Laura , Spadaro Francesca , Sanchez Massimo , Spada Massimo , Belardelli Filippo , Gabriele Lucia , Schiavoni Giovanna 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Cross-presentation is a crucial mechanism for generating CD8 T cell responses against exogenous Ags, such as dead cell-derived Ag, and is mainly fulfilled by CD8α+ dendritic cells (DC). Apoptotic cell death occurring in steady-state conditions is largely tolerogenic, thus hampering the onset of effector CD8 T cell responses. Type I IFNs (IFN-I) have been shown to promote cross-priming of CD8 T cells against soluble or viral Ags, partly through stimulation of DC. By using UV-irradiated OVA-expressing mouse EG7 thymoma cells, we show that IFN-I promote intracellular Ag persistence in CD8α+ DC that have engulfed apoptotic EG7 cells, regulating intracellular pH, thus enhancing cross-presentation of apoptotic EG7-derived OVA Ag by CD8α+ DC. Notably, IFN-I also sustain the survival of Ag-bearing CD8α+ DC by selective upmodulation of antiapoptotic genes and stimulate the activation of cross-presenting DC. The ensemble of these effects results in the induction of CD8 T cell effector response in vitro and in vivo. Overall, our data indicate that IFN-I cross-prime CD8 T cells against apoptotic cell-derived Ag both by licensing DC and by enhancing cross-presentation.
B Cell-Specific Expression of B7-2 Is Required for Follicular Th Cell Function in Response to Vaccinia Virus
Authors: Salek-Ardakani Samira , Choi Youn Soo , Rafii-El-Idrissi Benhnia Mohammed , Flynn Rachel , Arens Ramon , Shoenberger Stephen , Crotty Shane , Croft Michael , Salek-Ardakani Shahram 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Follicular Th (TFH) cells are specialized in provision of help to B cells that is essential for promoting protective Ab responses. CD28/B7 (B7-1 and B7-2) interactions are required for germinal center (GC) formation, but it is not clear if they simply support activation of naive CD4 T cells during initiation of responses by dendritic cells or if they directly control TFH cells and/or directly influence follicular B cell differentiation. Using a model of vaccinia virus infection, we show that B7-2 but not B7-1 deficiency profoundly impaired TFH cell development but did not affect CD4 T cell priming and Th1 differentiation. Consistent with this, B7-2 but not B7-1 was required for acquisition of GC B cell phenotype, plasma cell generation, and virus-specific neutralizing Ab responses. Mixed adoptive transfer experiments indicated that bidirectional interactions between CD28 expressed on activated T cells and B7-2 expressed on follicular B cells were essential for maintenance of the TFH phenotype and GC B cell development. Our data provide new insight into the source and nature of molecules required for TFH cells to direct GC B cell responses.
Perinatal depression in Asian women: prevalence, associated factors, and cultural aspects
Authors: Roomruangwong Chutima , Epperson C. Neill 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Background and Objective: Although perinatal depression is a worldwide problem, most of the studies related to this issue have been conducted in Western countries. This paper summarizes the literature on the prevalence as well as associated factors among Asian countries where the cultural attitudes, customs, and norms are considerably different from those in Western countries.
Methods: We conducted a literature search using MEDLINE (PubMed) from 1968, PsychINFO from 1970, and SCOPUS database from 1982 using keywords “depression”, “antenatal”, “antepartum”, “pregnancy”, “postnatal”, “postpartum”, “perinatal”, “after childbirth” and “Asia”. Only the articles published in English were included.
Results: The overall prevalence of depression during pregnancy and postnatal period are about 20% and 21.8%, respectively. The factors related to perinatal depression can be grouped into the following categories, individual characteristics, husband/marital relationship, pregnancy-related, infant-related, and other psychosocial issues. While there is considerable overlap between Asian and Western countries with respect to risk factors for perinatal depression, premarital pregnancy, conflict with mother in-law, and dissatisfaction with infant’s gender are more specific to Asian cultures.
Conclusions: Studies conducted in Asian countries suggest that the prevalence of perinatal depression is slightly higher than in Western countries. There are several unique culturally related issues that clinicians treating pregnant and postpartum Asian women should be aware as they contribute to an increased risk of depression in these women.
Moses Outside the Torah and the Construction of a Diaspora Identity
Authors: Römer Thomas 
Published: March 2011

This article deals with how, in texts inside and outside the Torah, Moses became a figure of identification for the different Jewish Diasporas during the Persian Period The following themes are investigated: 1. The Shared Figure of Moses and the Pentateuch; 2. The death of Moses outside the land; 3. Moses, the magician; 4. Moses, the leprous; 5. Moses and the foreign women; 6. Moses, the warrior.
Khirbet Qeiyafa: Sha`arayimn
Authors: Garfinkel Yosef , Ganor Saar 
Published: March 2011

Khirbet Qeiyafa is a 2.3 hectare fortified early 10th century BCE site, located in the Judean Shephelah, atop a hill that bordered the Elah Valley from the north. This is a key strategic location in the biblical kingdom of Judah, on the main road from Philistia and the Coastal Plain to Jerusalem and Hebron in the hill country. It is the only site in the Kingdoms of Judah and Israel with two gates. This unique feature provides a clear indication of the site's identity as biblical Sha`arayim, a place name that means “two gates” in Hebrew. Sha`arayim is mentioned three times in the Bible (Jos 15:36; 1 Sam 17:52 and 1 Ch 4:31-32). It is located near the Elah valley, associated with King David twice, and not mentioned in conjunction with any other later First Temple period tradition. This accords with the archaeological and radiometric data that indicate a single-phase settlement in the early 10th century BCE at Khirbet Qeiyafa.
Evaluating Mental Health After the 2010 Haitian Earthquake
Authors: Safran Marc A. , Chorba Terence , Schreiber Merritt , Archer W. Roodly , Cookson Susan T. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTMental health is an important aspect of public health after a disaster. This article describes what is known and what remains to be learned regarding the mental health impact of the January 12, 2010, earthquake in Haiti. Public health surveillance efforts in Haiti and the United States in the first 2 months after the earthquake are described. Challenges in clinical assessment and public health surveillance are explored. Potential implications for survivors and public health officials are considered.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:154–157)
Set‐theoretic adaptive filtering based on data‐driven sparsification
Authors: Yukawa Masahiro , Yamada Isao 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn this article, we propose a fast and efficient algorithm namedthe adaptive parallel Krylov‐metric projection algorithm. The proposed algorithm is derived from the variable‐metric adaptive projected subgradient method, which has recently been presented as a unified analytic tool for various adaptive filtering algorithms. The proposed algorithm features parallel projection—in a variable‐metric sense—onto multiple closed convex sets containing the optimal filter with high probability. The metric is designed based on (i) sparsification by means of a certain data‐dependent Krylov subspace and (ii) maximal use of the obtained sparse structure for fast convergence. The numerical examples show the advantages of the proposed algorithm over the existing ones in stationary/nonstationary environments. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bioimpedance analysis: Should it be used in morbid obesity?
Authors: Leal Ana A.D. , Faintuch Joel , Morais Álvaro A.C. , Noe João A.B. , Bertollo Diandria M. , Morais Rafael C. , Cabrini Danielle 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectives:Questions about reliability of bioimpedance analysis (BIA) in morbidly obese subjects have curtailed its use in this setting, but metabolic implications might reignite the debate. In a prospective study, it was aimed to analyze anthropometric and clinical associations.Methods:Bariatric candidates (n = 94) with or without metabolic syndrome were consecutively investigated. Age was 34.9 ± 10.4 years (68.1% females), and BMI was 40.8 ± 4.6 kg m−2. Methods included single‐frequency BIA, anthropometrics, inflammatory indices, and general biochemical profile.Results:Body composition results (water, fat) in females, but not in males, were entirely consistent with the literature. In both genders good association was observed with anthropometrics (BMI, waist circumference), inflammatory indices (ferritin, C‐reactive protein) and general biochemical variables. Anthropometric measurements also displayed comparable associations. Multivariate tests including the two sets of measurements indicated no predominance of one method over the other, one complementing the other as metabolic marker.Conclusions:BIA limitations were mostly relevant for males, not females. Despite such discrepancies, good associations with anthropometry were demonstrated for both genders. Correlations with liver enzymes, and indices of protein, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism could be demonstrated. BIA deserves more investigations concerning liver steatosis and ongoing inflammation, and it could contribute as well, synergistically with anthropometry, to monitor weight loss, body fat shifts, and metabolic risk. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Logistics of using the Actiheart physical activity monitors in urban Mexico among 7‐ to 9‐year‐old children
Authors: Wilson Hannah , Dickinson Federico , Griffiths Paula , Bogin Barry , Varela‐silva Maria Inês 
Published: March 2011

AbstractLogistics of using new measurement devices are important to understand when developing protocols. This paper discusses the logistics of using Actiheart physical activity monitors on children in an urban, tropical environment in a developing country. Actiheart monitoring of 36 children aged 7–9 years old was undertaken for 7 days in the city of Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico. The Actiheart proved fragile for children and difficult to mend in the field. The excessive sweating due to the tropical climate caused poor adherence of the electrode pads, requiring a pad change midway through and extra pads to be provided. Also extra time was needed to be allotted for increased instructions to participants and their mothers and for individual calibration. When collecting objectively measured physical activity data under harsh conditions, the protocol must accommodate local conditions and device limitations and allow increased time with participants to obtain good quality data. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How boys grow determines how long they live
Authors: J.P. Barker David , Kajantie Eero , Osmond Clive , Thornburg Kent L. , Eriksson Johan G. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectives:Increase in height in modern societies has been accompanied by an in increase in lifespan. The longer lives of taller people suggest that good nutrition during childhood, together with freedom from recurrent minor infection, prolong human life. There is, however, a caveat. Tall adult stature may be the result of rapid “compensatory” growth following a setback. Compensatory growth is known to reduce the lifespan of animals, possibly because it is disorganized.Methods:We analyzed lifespan among 6,975 men born in Helsinki, Finland, during 1934–44. Their early growth was recorded.Results:Boys who were tallest at seven years of age had lower all cause mortality, the hazard ratio being 0.79(95%CI 0.70 to 0.89, P < 0.0001) per 10 cm increase in height. There was, however, a group of boys among whom being tall was associated with increased all cause mortality, the hazard ratio being 1.32(1.00 to 1.75, P = 0.05). These boys were taller at seven years than their birthweight and length at birth predicted. After they were excluded from the analysis, boys who were more than 126 cm in height at seven lived for eight years longer than those who were 114 cm or less. This increase in lifespan was similar to the effect of high socio‐economic status in adult life.Conclusions:Rapid growth in childhood height usually predicts a longer life. But tallness among men may be a misleading indicator of wellbeing and longer life expectancy in populations where compensatory growth is widespread. African Americans may be an example. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Study of thermal phase transitions in iota carrageenan gels via fluorescence technique
Authors: Tari Özlem , Kara Selim , Pekcan Önder 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe effect of carrageenan concentration on thermal phase transitions of the iota carrageenan gels was investigated by using fluorescence technique. During heating and cooling processes, scattered light, Isc, and fluorescence intensity, Ip, were monitored against temperature to investigate phase transitions. Transition temperatures from the derivative of the transition paths were determined. Two regions were observed during the heating and cooling processes. At the first step of the heating, dimers were converted into double helix by undergoing dimer to double helix (d‐h) transition. At the higher temperature region, double helix to coil (h‐c) transition took place. During the cooling process, these transitions are arranged in the order of coil to double helix (c‐h) and double helix to dimer (h‐d). A hysteresis was observed between (h‐d) and (d‐h) transitions. The critical gel fraction exponents, β, were found to be independent of the system by indicating that they all fall into the same universality class. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Preparation and characterization of a new lacquer based on blending urushiol with thitsiol
Authors: Honda Takayuki , Ma Xiaoming , Lu Rong , Kanamori Daisuke , Miyakoshi Tetsuo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA new lacquer that blends R. vernicifera (Chinese lacquer, urushiol) with Melanorrhea usitata (Thai lacquer, thitsiol) was prepared. The main properties, viscosities, drying times, drying mechanism, and the nature of the lacquer films as a coating material, were examined. In addition, the mechanism of transfer radical reaction that occurred between urushiol and thitsiol is discussed based on the results of two‐dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and field desorption mass spectrometry (FD‐MS) measurements. A blended lacquer with 70% R. vernicifera and 30% M. usitata showed almost the same drying time as 100% R. vernicifera as examined in an automatic drying time recorder but had higher surface smoothness and gloss. Furthermore, the molecular weight distribution, UV resistance, and glass transition temperature (Tg) also were investigated in detail. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
New soluble cyano‐containing poly(arylene ether) copolymers bearing pendant xanthene groups
Authors: Sheng Shou‐Ri , Wang Yi‐Hua , Huang Shui‐Ping , Cao Wei , Song Cai‐Sheng 
Published: March 2011

AbstractHomopolymers and copolymers of poly(arylene ether nitrile) (PAEN)‐bearing pendant xanthene groups were prepared by the nucleophilic substitution reaction of 2,6‐difluorobenzonitrile with 9,9‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)xanthene (BHPX) and with various molar proportions of BHPX to hydroquinone (100/0 to 40/60) with N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent in the presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate. These polymers had inherent viscosities between 0.61 and 1.08 dL/g, and their weight‐average molecular weights and number‐average molecular weights were in the ranges 34,200–40,800 and 17,800–20,200, respectively. All of the PAENs were amorphous and were soluble in dipolar aprotic solvents, including NMP, N,N‐dimethylformamide, and N,N‐dimethylacetamide and even in tetrahydrofuran and chloroform at room temperature. The resulting polymers showed glass‐transition temperatures (Tg's) between 220 and 257°C, and the Tg values of the copolymers were found to increase with increasing BHPX unit content in the polymer. Thermogravimetric studies showed that all of the polymers were stable up to 422°C with 10% weight loss temperatures ranging from 467 to 483°C and char yields of 54–64% at 700°C in nitrogen. All of the new PAENs could be cast into transparent, strong, and flexible films with tensile strengths of 106–123 MPa, elongations at break of 13–17%, and tensile moduli of 3.2–3.7 GPa. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Characterization of nanosilica‐filled epoxy composites for electrical and insulation applications
Authors: Veena M. G. , Renukappa N. M. , Raj J. M. , Ranganathaiah C. , Shivakumar K. N. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe report in this article the results of nanosilica (SiO2)‐filled epoxy composites with different loadings and their electrical, thermal, mechanical, and free‐volume properties characterized with different techniques. The morphological features were studied by transmission electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry was used to investigate the glass‐transition temperature (Tg) of the nanocomposites. The properties of the nanocomposites showed that the electrical resistivity (ρ), ultimate tensile strength, and hardness of the composites increased with SiO2 weight fraction up to 10 wt % and decreased thereafter; this suggested that the beneficial properties occurred up to this weight fraction. The temperature and seawater aging had a negative influence on ρ; that is, ρ decreased with increases in the temperature and aging. The free‐volume changes (microstructural) in the composite systems correlated with seawater aging but did not correlate so well with the mechanical properties. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Plastic identification and comparison by multivariate techniques with laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Anzano Jesús , Bonilla Beatriz , Montull‐Ibor Beatriz , Casas‐González Justiniano 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe classification of plastics is very important in the recycling industry. A quick online classification allows the installation of the equipment in this line of work. Whether qualitative or quantitative analysis, the basic component of any laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) measurement is the emission spectrum recorder from single plasma. Each fire of the laser atomizes a portion of the sample in the pulse focal volume and produces plasma that excites and re‐excites the atoms to emit light. The plasma light is collected and recorded in an ensuing measurement. In this sense, the LIBS technique offers all possible advantages: speed, the possibility of online analysis, nondestructive analysis, and so on. In this article, we discuss details related to the analysis of the emission spectrum. The plastics used in this study were low‐density polyethylene (PE), high‐density PE, polypropylene, polystyrene, and poly(ethylene terephthalate). Hierarchical cluster analysis was proven to be the best method because the four polymers could be divided into two clusters, which allowed their identification and classification in a fast and easy way that could be carried out with commercial software and could be implanted online in a recycling factory, as conventional data analysis techniques are limited to the qualitative identification and calculation of elemental abundances. Principal component analysis on LIBS spectra can be used to better describe the chemical variations in the samples and to extract a greater understanding of the chemical structure. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Fabrication of hollow, spherical polymeric “micropillows” using a dual layer spinneret
Authors: Shan Wickramanayake W. M. , Lively R. P. , Polizzotti R. S. , Chance R. R. , Koros W. J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractHollow, spherical, millimeter diameter scale polymer “micropillows” (MPs) were fabricated via nonsolvent‐induced phase separation/extraction, using a dual layer spinneret extrusion system. Wall thicknesses in the 45–350‐μm range were achieved via the extraction of the n‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) polymer solvent into a high‐molecular weight poly(propylene glycol) nonsolvent. Introduction of heptane into the core of the particles and vaporization of that heptane at elevated temperatures enabled moderate particle expansion and avoided particle collapse after extraction of the NMP solvent. For the most dilute polymer solution feed, the final product was an imidized MP particle with a diameter of about 1.5 mm, a wall thickness of about 45 μm, and a geometric compression ratio of about 6.0. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis and characterization of a new amphiphilic copolymer containing multihydroxyl segments for drug carrier
Authors: Yu Qi , Najun Li , Qingfeng Xu , Jianfeng Ge , Xuewei Xia , Jianmei Lu 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA new amphiphilic copolymer (copoly‐(MR‐BMA‐HEA‐MAA), PRBHM) containing multihydroxyl segments was designed and synthesized for application in drug carrier. PRBHM can be dissolved in water to form aggregates directly with a critical aggregate concentration (CAC) of 0.0138 mg mL−1. The chains of PRBHM can be collapsed into hydrophobic globules when pH decreases from neutral to slightly acid condition (pH = 5.0–7.0) in water. Since the hydrophilic hydroxyl group is independent on pH, PRBHM can keep stable both in neutral and slightly acid aqueous solutions. The hydrophobic small molecules such as 5‐(4‐(4‐vinylbenzyloxy) phenyl)‐4,5‐dihydro‐1,3‐diphenyl‐1H‐pyrazole (PY) can be loaded into PRBHM aggregates via ultrasonic treatment in water, and can be internalized into BEL‐7402 cancer cells. The cytotoxicity determination also indicates the good biocompatibility of PRBHM in potential application as a drug carrier. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011