bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nerve sparing can preserve orgasmic function in most men after robotic‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy
Authors: Tewari Ashutosh , Grover Sonal , Sooriakumaran Prasanna , Srivastava Abhishek , Rao Sandhya , Gupta Amit , Gray Robert , Leung Robert , Paduch Darius A. 
Published: August 2011

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Orgasm has a major influence on patients’ satisfaction with the overall sexual experience, and alternations in orgasm are associated with significant reductions in emotional and physical satisfaction, which in turn may lead to sexual avoidance behaviour, disharmonious relationships and relationship breakdowns. Studies have found a reduction in orgasmic function after retropublic radical prostatectomy. While open radical prostatectomy inevitably damages some pelvic neuronal circuitry, which will thus impact on orgasmic responses, there is a paucity of data investigating the effect on robotic assisted radical prostatectomy on this.To our knowledge this study represents the largest analysis of orgasmic function in the robotic prostatectomy literature, and therefore would be of value to surgeons in counseling candidates for RALP about orgasmic outcomes. In our series, young men (age ≤60 years) and those who underwent bilateral nerve sparing approaches had a better recovery of their premorbid orgasmic function when compared to older men or men with no nerve sparing.OBJECTIVE
To investigate orgasmic outcomes in patients undergoing robotic‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) and the effects of age and nerve sparing on these outcomes.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Between January 2005 and June 2007, 708 patients underwent RALP at our institution.
We analysed postoperative potency and orgasmic outcomes in the 408 men, of the 708, who were potent, able to achieve orgasm preoperatively and available for follow‐up.
RESULTS
Of men aged ≤60 years, 88.4% (198/224) were able to achieve orgasm postoperatively in comparison to 82.6% (152/184) of older men (P < 0.001).
Of patients who received bilateral nerve sparing (BNS) during surgery, 273/301 (90.7%) were able to achieve orgasm postoperatively compared with 46/56 (82.1%) patients who received unilateral nerve sparing and 31/51 (60.8%) men who received non‐nerve‐sparing surgery (P < 0.001).
In men ≤60 years who also underwent BNS, decreased sensation of orgasm was present in 3.2% of men, and postoperative orgasmic rates were significantly better than men ≤60 years who underwent unilateral or no nerve sparing (92.9% vs 83.3% vs 65.4%, respectively; P < 0.001).
Potency rates were also significantly higher in men ≤60 years and in those who underwent BNS.
CONCLUSIONS
Age and nerve sparing influence recovery of orgasm and erectile function after RALP.
Men ≤60 years old and those who undergo BNS are most likely to maintain normal sexual function.
Geographic variation in network structure of a nearctic aquatic food web
Authors: Baiser Benjamin , Gotelli Nicholas J. , Buckley Hannah L. , Miller Thomas E. , Ellison Aaron M. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTAim  The network structure of food webs plays an important role in the maintenance of diversity and ecosystem functioning in ecological communities. Previous research has found that ecosystem size, resource availability, assembly history and biotic interactions can potentially drive food web structure. However, the relative influence of climatic variables that drive broad‐scale biogeographic patterns of species richness and composition has not been explored for food web structure. In this study, we assess the influence of broad‐scale climatic variables in addition to known drivers of food web structure on replicate observations of a single aquatic food web, sampled from the leaves of the pitcher plant (Sarracenia purpurea), at different geographic sites across a broad latitudinal and climatic range.Location  Using standardized sampling methods, we conducted an extensive ‘snapshot’ survey of 780 replicated aquatic food webs collected from the leaves of the pitcher plant S. purpurea at 39 sites from northern Florida to Newfoundland and westward to eastern British Columbia.Methods  We examined correlations of 15 measures of food web structure at the pitcher and site scales with geographic variation in temperature and precipitation, concentrations of nutrients from atmospheric nitrogen deposition, resource availability, ecosystem size and the abundance of the pitcher plant mosquito (Wyeomyia smithii), a potential keystone species.Results  At the scale of a single pitcher plant leaf, linkage density, species richness, measures of chain length and the proportion of omnivores in a web all increased with pitcher volume. Linkage density and species richness were greater at high‐latitude sites, which experience low mean temperatures and precipitation and high annual variation in both of these variables. At the site scale, variation in 8 of the 15 food web metrics decreased at higher latitudes, and variation in measures of chain length increased with the abundance of mosquitoes.Main conclusions  Ecosystem size and climatic variables related to latitude were most strongly correlated with network structure of the Sarracenia food web. However, in spite of large sample sizes, thorough standardized sampling and the large geographic extent of the survey, even the best‐fitting models explained less than 40% of the variation in food web structure. In contrast to biogeographic patterns of species richness, food web structure was largely independent of broad‐scale climatic variables. The large proportion of unexplained variance in our analyses suggests that stochastic assembly may be an important determinant of local food web structure.
Examining the knowledge base and status of commercially exploited marine species with the RAM Legacy Stock Assessment Database
Authors: Ricard Daniel , Minto Cóilín , Jensen Olaf P , Baum Julia K 
Published: August 2011

AbstractMeta‐analyses of stock assessments can provide novel insight into marine population dynamics and the status of fished species, but the world’s main stock assessment database (the Myers Stock‐Recruitment Database) is now outdated. To facilitate new analyses, we developed a new database, the RAM Legacy Stock Assessment Database, for commercially exploited marine fishes and invertebrates. Time series of total biomass, spawner biomass, recruits, fishing mortality and catch/landings form the core of the database. Assessments were assembled from 21 national and international management agencies for a total of 331 stocks (295 fish stocks representing 46 families and 36 invertebrate stocks representing 12 families), including nine of the world’s 10 largest fisheries. Stock assessments were available from 27 large marine ecosystems, the Caspian Sea and four High Seas regions, and include the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic and Antarctic Oceans. Most assessments came from the USA, Europe, Canada, New Zealand and Australia. Assessed marine stocks represent a small proportion of harvested fish taxa (16%), and an even smaller proportion of marine fish biodiversity (1%), but provide high‐quality data for intensively studied stocks. The database provides new insight into the status of exploited populations: 58% of stocks with reference points (n = 214) were estimated to be below the biomass resulting in maximum sustainable yield (BMSY) and 30% had exploitation levels above the exploitation rate resulting in maximum sustainable yield (UMSY). We anticipate that the database will facilitate new research in population dynamics and fishery management, and we encourage further data contributions from stock assessment scientists.
Sustainability seen from the perspective of consumers
Authors: Hanss Daniel , Böhm Gisela 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAn important step in promoting sustainable consumption is to find out how consumers understand the concept of sustainability. In this paper, we report on a study among Norwegian consumers in which we explored their understanding of sustainability at two levels. First, we investigated consumers' understanding of the general sustainability concept; specifically, we studied how important the following five sustainability dimensions are in consumers' conception of sustainability: the environmental, social, economic, temporal and the developmental dimension. Second, we investigated how consumers' understanding of sustainability manifests itself in consumption decisions: We studied consumers' opinions about how important various attributes are for sustainable products and which product labels they consider indicative of sustainable products. We found that all five sustainability dimensions occurred as elements of consumers' understanding of the sustainability concept. The environmental dimension, the social dimension and the developmental dimension were particularly outstanding. With regard to attributes that are important for sustainable products, consumers placed high emphasis on recyclability of the packaging, fair payment of producers, low energy use and low carbon dioxide emissions during production and shipping. Humane animal treatment was also considered an important attribute of sustainable products. The product labels that were considered most indicative of sustainable products were the Nordic Swan and the Norwegian Debio label. Consumers' judgments of how indicative the labels are of sustainable products were related positively to familiarity with the labels.
Can food calorie be an index for poverty in a rural economy? An extrapolation from farm households in Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Ayinde Idris A. , Akerele Dare , Adewuyi Samuel A. , Oladapo Moshood O. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe study assessed poverty in rural areas of Ogun State, Nigeria through the food energy (calorie) intake approach. A sample of 60 households (comprising of 346 members) were selected using a multistage sampling technique and were interviewed with the aid of well‐structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using nutrient estimation techniques, cost of calorie method and poverty index. The estimated food poverty line was 64.72 naira. The incidence, intensity and severity of poverty were consistently higher among female‐headed households and households that lack access to credit facilities with values 0.290, 0.359, 0.160 and 0.313, 0.371, 0.160 for the poverty measures respectively. Incidence of poverty reduces with educational level and age of household heads, but the corresponding intensity and severity were higher for households whose heads are between 46‐ and 55‐year brackets and those who have secondary school education. All measures of poverty decline with farm size. Multipronged strategies involving improvement of educational level of household heads, improved access to agricultural land and credit facilities, as well as fair distribution of resources towards women, among others, are recommended for poverty and hunger reduction and for sustained agricultural production.
Investor Sentiment and Pro Forma Earnings Disclosures
Authors: BROWN NERISSA C. , CHRISTENSEN THEODORE E. , ELLIOTT W. BROOKE , MERGENTHALER RICHARD D. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTWe examine the influence of investor sentiment on managers’ discretionary disclosure of “pro forma” (adjusted) earnings metrics in earnings press releases. We find that managers’ propensity to disclose an adjusted earnings metric (especially one that exceeds the GAAP earnings number) increases with the level of investor sentiment. Furthermore, our analyses suggest that, as investor sentiment increases, managers: (1) exclude higher levels of both recurring and nonrecurring expenses in calculating the pro forma earnings number and (2) emphasize the pro forma figure by placing it more prominently within the earnings press release. Additional analyses indicate that the association between investor sentiment and managers’ pro forma disclosure decisions at least partly reflects opportunistic motives. Finally, we find that managers’ own sentiment‐driven expectations also play a role in their pro forma disclosure decisions.
Titanium–zirconium alloy narrow‐diameter implants (Straumann Roxolid®) for the rehabilitation of horizontally deficient edentulous ridges: prospective study on 18 consecutive patients
Authors: Chiapasco M. , Casentini P. , Zaniboni M. , Corsi E. , Anello T. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract:Aim of the study(i) To evaluate the survival and success rates of the new Roxolid narrow diameter implant placed in horizontally deficient ridges; and (ii) to evaluate the incidence of prosthetic complications.Materials and methodsIn a 24‐month period (2009–2010) 18 partially or totally edentulous patients received 51 Straumann Roxolid (13 tissue level, 38 bone level) implants. Prosthetic loading of implants was either immediate (four implants; one patient) or delayed (2–12 months after placement; 47 implants; 17 patients). The patients were rehabilitated with either fixed (16 patients; 45 implants) or removable (two patients; six implants) prostheses.ResultsAll implants successfully achieved osseointegration and all patients completed the planned prosthetic rehabilitation. Peri‐implant bone resorption values ranged from 0 to 1 mm at the end of the observation period (range: 3–19 months). Implant survival and success rates were therefore 100%. No prosthetic complications occurred and all implants are still in function; therefore the prosthesis success rate was 100%.ConclusionNarrow diameter implants fabricated with the new titanium–zirconium alloy were demonstrated to be reliable in supporting both fixed and removable prosthetic rehabilitations in horizontally deficient ridges. Implant survival, peri‐implant bone resorption, and prosthetic complication rates were consistent with those reported in the literature for standard diameter implants placed in non‐deficient edentulous ridges.
Optimal management of mental health patients in Australian emergency departments: Barriers and solutions
Authors: Weiland Tracey J , Mackinlay Claire , Hill Nicole , Gerdtz Marie F , Jelinek George A 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjectives: The study aimed to describe: (i) the perceived barriers faced by emergency clinicians in the assessment and management of patients presenting with a mental health complaint to Australian hospital EDs; and (ii) perceived strategies to optimize care of the mentally unwell in the ED.Methods: Semistructured interviews with open and closed question formats were used to explore the barriers perceived by ED doctors and nurses in assessing and managing patients with mental health presentations. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematically coded by two researchers using the Framework Approach.Results: Thirty‐six interviews were conducted with 20 members of the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine and 16 members of the College of Emergency Nursing Australasia representing the various Australian jurisdictions. Thematic analyses revealed that a range of resource, environmental, staff and patient factors contribute to difficulties in managing mental health patients. Solutions suggested by interviewees included improved resources, ED redesign and improved links to resources outside the ED. An overwhelming majority of participants perceived the need for more educational opportunities in mental health.Conclusion: Although the provision of timely and quality care is expected for all patients attending EDs, there exist multiple barriers to provision of adequate care for ED patients presenting with mental illness. Many of these are systems‐based and thus require systems‐based solutions. ED clinician's perceive that improved educational opportunities in mental health, however, might alleviate some barriers they face. Consideration should be given to a comprehensive, quantitative mental health‐related learning needs analysis of ED clinicians.
“Capacity‐building” in global Internet governance: The long‐term outcomes of “multistakeholderism”
Authors: Antonova Slavka 
Published: August 2011

Abstract“Capacity building” is a catch phrase from the UN development discourse. In recent years, it has entered the global Internet governance (IG) arena. At World Summit of the Information Society (WSIS 2003), “capacity building” was identified as a key public policy issue. It is proposed in this study that ‘capacity building’ be defined in a different manner – as the principal outcome of the experimental multistakeholder (MSH) process in global IG. The open and inclusive process of stakeholder deliberation leads to accumulation of intellectual capital, development of relational infrastructure for the domain (epistemic community), and emergence of common global consciousness. When cast as a capacity‐building process, MSH collaboration at global Internet governance arenas exhibits long‐term and large‐scale intangible outcomes. This study contributes to the understanding of the capacity‐building potential of MSH collaboration in IG. By employing concepts from International Relations and Organizational Learning, the author develops a model of tangible and intangible outcomes of MSH collaboration. This unique model can be used for studying the effects in other stakeholder venues of governing global resources and processes.
Primer design and transcript quantification of a highly multiplexed RT‐PCR for a nonmodel avian species
Authors: BALENGER SUSAN L. , McCLURE CHRISTOPHER J. W. , HILL GEOFFREY E. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractMultiplexed qRT‐PCR assays are currently lacking for nearly all species without genome or transcriptome resources. Here, we present a strategy for primer design of highly multiplexed qRT‐PCR assays, evaluate Beckman Coulter’s Quant Tool gene expression quantification software and provide details of our assay for the North American songbird Carpodacus mexicanus (house finch), for which only small sections of genome sequence are available. We combined Beckman Coulter’s eXpress Designer module for creating custom multiplex primers with the free, online program Amplify 3 to design and evaluate primers computationally before testing them empirically. We also generated a standard curve for each gene included in the final multiplex. We compared models using cubic and quadratic polynomial estimators that did and did not force the intercept through zero. Ultimately, we used the sequences available for 316 clones differentially expressed in cDNA macroarray and microarray comparisons, and from these sequences, we were able to generate a set of transcript‐specific primers for use with the GeXP analyser for 20 house finch genes.
La Crosse Encephalitis Surveillance using Single Versus Paired Serologic Testing
Authors: Murphree R. , Dunn J. R. , Schaffner W. , Jones T. F. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryWe evaluated the validity of single versus paired serologic testing for La Crosse virus (LACV) encephalitis surveillance. Compared with paired serology, a single positive IgG or IgM immunoflourescent antibody titre appears useful for LACV encephalitis surveillance with sensitivity, 75%; specificity, 98%; positive predictive value, 95%; and overall test efficiency 92%.
Following a Tick Bite: Double Infections by Tick‐Borne Encephalitis Virus and the Spirochete Borrelia and Other Potential Multiple Infections
Authors: Bröker M. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryIn Central Europe and large parts of Asia, tick‐borne‐encephalitis (TBE) and Lyme borreliosis caused by the spirochetal bacterium of the genus Borrelia are among the most common diseases transmitted by the bite of a tick. When in regions with overlapping TBE virus and Borrelia endemicity, a tick bite causes the victim to become ill, it is important that appropriate serological and other laboratory investigations form part of the differential diagnosis. Account must always be taken of the fact that a tick bite may be followed by a double infection with the TBE virus and Borrelia. For this reason, a comprehensive diagnostic work‐up aimed at detecting co‐infection by both pathogens, even when the tick bite occurs in an endemic region for both pathogens but the initial clinical symptoms suggest an infection with only one of the two pathogens. The present article discusses a number of published cases of a co‐infection with TBE virus and Borrelia and other potential multiple infections.
Haematuria in two geldings caused by osteochondroma of theos pubis: Case reports and anatomic study of theos pubisin 41 cadaveric pelvises
Authors: Rebsamen E. , Geyer H. , Fürst A. , Eser M. Wehrli , Koch C. , Kummer M. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryExostosis of theos pubiscausing haematuria, and potentially cystorrhexis, in horses has not been described in the literature. In this study, 2 geldings that suffered from exercise‐induced haematuria caused by an osteochondroma of theos pubis, and the assessment of 41 cadaveric pubic bones are reported on. The anatomy of theos pubisis highly variable. The prevalence of exostosis in theos pubisappears to be higher in male horses. Palpation and ultrasonography of the pelvisper rectumand cystoscopy are valuable diagnostic tools. Depending on the extent of changes in the bladder wall, surgical removal of the exostosis should be considered in order to prevent cystorrhexis. In horses that present with haematuria, closer assessment of theos pubisfor the presence of an exostosis is warranted.
Injuries of the calcaneal insertions of the superficial digital flexor tendon in 19 horses
Authors: WRIGHT I. M. , MINSHALL G. J. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryReasons for performing study: Injuries of the calcaneal insertions of the superficial digital flexor tendon and their relationship to displacement of the tendon from the calcaneus have not previously been reported.Objectives: To describe findings made on clinical cases with disruption of the calcaneal insertions of the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) including observations on their role in horses with unstable subluxation of the tendon. To describe novel surgical techniques and the results of treatment.Hypotheses: Disruption of the calcaneal insertions of the SDFT is associated with lameness and distension of the calcaneal bursa. Unstable displacement of the SDFT from the calcaneus is a more complex injury than incomplete disruption of one of its calcaneal insertions.Methods: The case records and diagnostic images of horses with lesions involving the calcaneal insertions of the SDFT, which were confirmed by endoscopic evaluation of calcaneal bursa between 2005 and 2009, were reviewed.Results: Nineteen horses were identified including 7 that had unstable displacement of the tendon from the calcaneus. Following endoscopic surgery, 9 of 12 horses with stable tendons and 6 of 7 horses with unstable displaced SDFTs returned to work.Conclusion: Tearing of the calcaneal insertions of the SDFT is associated with lameness and distension of the calcaneal bursa; endoscopic removal of the torn tissue carries a good prognosis. Horses with unstable displacement of the tendon have also disruption of the tendon fibrocartilage cap. Removal of this results in stable subluxation and can return horses to athletic activity. Both lesions can be detected by preoperative ultrasonography.Potential relevance: Tearing of the calcaneal insertions of the SDFT should be included in the differential diagnoses of lame horses with distended calcaneal bursae. Tearing of the tendon fibrocartilage cap in horses with unstable displacement of the SDFT is a plausible explanation of the clinical features of the injury and explains previously unreliable results of reconstructive surgeries. Subtotal resection is a technically demanding technique but appears to offer an improved prognosis.