bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three QTL in the honey bee Apis mellifera L. suppress reproduction of the parasitic mite Varroa destructor
Authors: Behrens Dieter , Huang Qiang , Geßner Cornelia , Rosenkranz Peter , Frey Eva , Locke Barbara , Moritz Robin F. A. , Kraus F. B. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractVarroa destructor is a highly virulent ectoparasitic mite of the honey bee Apis mellifera and a major cause of colony losses for global apiculture. Typically, chemical treatment is essential to control the parasite population in the honey bee colony. Nevertheless a few honey bee populations survive mite infestation without any treatment. We used one such Varroa mite tolerant honey bee lineage from the island of Gotland, Sweden, to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling reduced mite reproduction. We crossed a queen from this tolerant population with drones from susceptible colonies to rear hybrid queens. Two hybrid queens were used to produce a mapping population of haploid drones. We discriminated drone pupae with and without mite reproduction, and screened the genome for potential QTL using a total of 216 heterozygous microsatellite markers in a bulk segregant analysis. Subsequently, we fine mapped three candidate target regions on chromosomes 4, 7, and 9. Although the individual effect of these three QTL was found to be relatively small, the set of all three had significant impact on suppression of V. destructor reproduction by epistasis. Although it is in principle possible to use these loci for marker‐assisted selection, the strong epistatic effects between the three loci complicate selective breeding programs with the Gotland Varroa tolerant honey bee stock.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Stegobinone and Stegobiol, Components of the Natural Sex Pheromone of the Drugstore Beetle (Stegobium paniceum L.)
Authors: Kalaitzakis Dimitris , Smonou Ioulia 
Published: November 2011

AbstractNADPH‐dependent ketoreductases were used for the chemoenzymatic stereoselective synthesis of the two componentsof the natural sex pheromone of the drugstore beetle. The key step in the asymmetric synthesis was the enzymatic reduction of an α‐methyl‐1,3‐diketone and an α‐methyl‐β‐keto ester, which finally led to the preparation of crystalline stegobinone and stegobiol.
Bace1 processing of NRG1 type III produces a myelin‐inducing signal but is not essential for the stimulation of myelination
Authors: Velanac Viktorija , Unterbarnscheidt Tilmann , Hinrichs Wilko , Gummert Maike N. , Fischer Tobias M. , Rossner Moritz J. , Trimarco Amelia , Brivio Veronica , Taveggia Carla , Willem Michael , Haass Christian , Möbius Wiebke , Nave Klaus‐Armin , Schwab Markus H. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractMyelin sheath thickness is precisely adjusted to axon caliber, and in the peripheral nervous system, neuregulin 1 (NRG1) type III is a key regulator of this process. It has been proposed that the protease BACE1 activates NRG1 dependent myelination. Here, we characterize the predicted product of BACE1‐mediated NRG1 type III processing in transgenic mice. Neuronal overexpression of a NRG1 type III‐variant, designed to mimic prior cleavage in the juxtamembrane stalk region, induces hypermyelination in vivo and is sufficient to restore myelination of NRG1 type III‐deficient neurons. This observation implies that the NRG1 cytoplasmic domain is dispensable and that processed NRG1 type III is sufficient for all steps of myelination. Surprisingly, transgenic neuronal overexpression of full‐length NRG1 type III promotes hypermyelination also in BACE1 null mutant mice. Moreover, NRG1 processing is impaired but not abolished in BACE1 null mutants. Thus, BACE1 is not essential for the activation of NRG1 type III to promote myelination. Taken together, these findings suggest that multiple neuronal proteases collectively regulate NRG1 processing. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gene–environment interactions of novel variants associated with head and neck cancer
Authors: Liang Caihua , Marsit Carmen J. , Houseman E. Andres , Butler Rondi , Nelson Heather H. , McClean Michael D. , Kelsey Karl T. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundA genome‐wide association study for upper aerodigestive tract cancers identified 19 candidate single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We used these SNPs to investigate the potential gene–gene and gene–environment interactions in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) risk.MethodsThe 19 variants were genotyped using Taqman assays among 575 cases and 676 controls in our population‐based case–control study.ResultsA restricted cubic spline model suggested both ADH1B and HEL308 modified the association between smoking pack‐years and HNSCC. Classification and regression tree analysis demonstrated a higher‐order interaction between smoking status, ADH1B, FLJ13089, and FLJ35784 in HNSCC risk. Compared with ever smokers carrying ADH1B T/C+T/T genotypes, smokers carrying ADH1B C/C genotype and FLJ13089 A/G+A/A genotypes had the highest risk of HNSCC (odds ratio = 1.84).ConclusionsOur results suggest that the risk associated with these variants may be specifically important among specific exposure groups. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Role of insulin‐like growth factor‐II mRNA‐binding protein‐3 in invadopodia formation and the growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma in athymic nude mice
Authors: Hwang Young Sun , Park Kwang‐Kyun , Cha In Ho , Kim Jin , Chung Won‐Yoon 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe invadopodia are specialized structures that degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) and promote cell invasion and metastasis. Understanding the forms and functions of invadopodia should facilitate the proper identification of novel targets for antiinvasive therapy.MethodsTo understand the role of insulin‐like growth factor‐II mRNA‐binding protein‐3 (IMP‐3) in invadopodia formation and cancer invasion, we performed IMP‐3 gene silencing, invadopodia formation, ECM degradation assay, zymography, western blot, and mouse xenograft.ResultsWe demonstrate that invadopodia evidenced ECM degradation activity in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Downregulation of IMP‐3 inhibited invadopodia formation, ECM degradation, and tumor growth and invasiveness. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling may perform a critical function in invadopodia formation, ECM degradation, IMP‐3, and cortactin expression.ConclusionIMP‐3 may be intimately correlated with cancer invasion through invadopodia in oral cancer. The overexpression of IMP‐3 in oral cancer was predictive of a high correlation with cancer growth and invasion. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Donor site morbidity of free ulnar forearm flap
Authors: Tan Swee T. , James Dylan W. , Moaveni Zachary 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the donor site morbidity of the free ulnar forearm flap (UFF).MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing free UFF between 1982 and 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. In addition, detailed assessment of hand function and donor site cosmesis was performed in the most recent 50 patients followed up for at least 12 months.ResultsIn all, 62 of the 242 free UFF donor sites (26%) were closed directly and the remainder required split thickness skin grafting. Donor site complications included total (n = 1) and partial (n = 17) skin graft loss and persistent hypertrophic scarring (n = 4). There was minimal incidence of cold intolerance, parasthesia, and pain; no reduction in joint mobility, grip and pinch strength, and sensory dysfunction, with excellent donor site cosmesis.ConclusionsUFF has several advantages, including the possibility of direct closure of the donor defect, and reduced morbidity and excellent donor site cosmesis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Age‐ and time‐dependent changes in cancer incidence among immigrants to Sweden: colorectal, lung, breast and prostate cancers
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Mohsen , Fallah Mahdi , Sundquist Kristina , Hemminki Kari 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTo examine the role of gender, age at immigration and length of stay on incidence trends of common cancers, we studied risk of colorectal, lung, breast and prostate cancers in immigrants to Sweden from 1958 to 2008. The nationwide Swedish Family‐Cancer Database was used to calculate standardized incidence ratios for common cancers among immigrants compared to Swedes. Immigrants were classified into “high‐risk” countries when their risk was increased, into “low‐risk” when their risk was decreased and into “other” when their risk was nonsignificant. Among those who immigrated at younger age (<30 years), we found an increasing trend for colorectal cancer risk in low‐risk men and high‐risk women. Among those who immigrated at older age (≥30 years), a decreasing lung cancer risk in high‐risk men and an increasing breast cancer risk in low‐risk women were observed. The increasing trend of prostate cancer risk was independent of age at immigration. The risk trends for “other” immigrants were between the risks of low‐ and high‐risk countries. The gender‐specific shifts in cancer risks in immigrants toward the risk in natives indicate a major role of sex, age at immigration and environmental exposures in colorectal and lung cancers risks. In contrast, the unchanged trend of breast cancer among those who immigrated at younger ages and an increasing trend for those who migrated at older ages may suggest a limited effect for environmental exposures, especially at younger age. Our study points out a role of age at immigration on the risk trend of cancer.
Ketamine induces motor neuron toxicity and alters neurogenic and proneural gene expression in zebrafish
Authors: Kanungo Jyotshna , Cuevas Elvis , Ali Syed F. , Paule Merle G. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTKetamine, a noncompetitive antagonist of N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate‐type glutamate receptors, is a pediatric anesthetic that has been shown to be neurotoxic in rodents and nonhuman primates when administered during the brain growth spurt. Recently, the zebrafish has become an attractive model for toxicity assays, in part because the predictive capability of the zebrafish model, with respect to chemical effects, compares well with that from mammalian models. In the transgenic (hb9:GFP) embryos used in this study, green fluorescent protein (GFP) is expressed in the motor neurons, facilitating the visualization and analysis of motor neuron development in vivo. In order to determine whether ketamine induces motor neuron toxicity in zebrafish, embryos of these transgenic fish were treated with different concentrations of ketamine (0.5 and 2.0 mm). For ketamine exposures lasting up to 20 h, larvae showed no gross morphological abnormalities. Analysis of GFP‐expressing motor neurons in the live embryos, however, revealed that 2.0 mm ketamine adversely affected motor neuron axon length and decreased cranial and motor neuron populations. Quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that ketamine down‐regulated the motor neuron‐inducing zinc finger transcription factor Gli2b and the proneural gene NeuroD even at 0.5 mm concentration, while up‐regulating the expression of the proneural gene Neurogenin1 (Ngn1). Expression of the neurogenic gene, Notch1a, was suppressed, indicating that neuronal precursor generation from uncommitted cells was favored. These results suggest that ketamine is neurotoxic to motor neurons in zebrafish and possibly affects the differentiating/differentiatedneurons rather than neuronal progenitors. Published 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Ronacaleret, a calcium-sensing receptor antagonist, increases trabecular but not cortical bone in postmenopausal women
Authors: Fitzpatrick Lorraine A , Dabrowski Christine E , Cicconetti Gregory , Gordon David N , Fuerst Thomas , Engelke Klaus , Genant Harry K 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Intermittent injections of parathyroid hormone have osteoanabolic effects that increase bone mineral density (BMD). Ronacaleret is an orally administered calcium-sensing receptor antagonist that stimulates endogenous parathyroid hormone release from the parathyroid glands. Our objective was to compare the effects of ronacaleret and teriparatide on volumetric BMD (vBMD) measured by quantitative computed tomography (QCT). We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial at 45 academic centers with 31 sites participating in the substudy. Patients included 569 postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density; vBMD was assessed at the spine and hip in a subset of 314 women. Patients were treated for up to 12 months with open-label teriparatide 20 µg subcutaneously once daily or randomly assigned in a double-blind manner to ronacaleret 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, or 400 mg once daily, alendronate 70 mg once weekly, or matching placebos. Ronacaleret increased spine integral (0.49% to 3.9%) and trabecular (1.8% to 13.3%) vBMD compared with baseline, although the increments were at least twofold lower than that attained with teriparatide (14.8% and 24.4%, respectively) but similar or superior to that attained with alendronate (5.0% and 4.9%, respectively). There were small non-dose-dependent decreases in integral vBMD of the proximal femur with ronacaleret (−0.1 to −0.8%) compared with increases in the teriparatide (3.9%) and alendronate (2.7%) arms. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) elevations with ronacaleret were prolonged relative to that seen historically with teriparatide. Ronacaleret preferentially increased vBMD of trabecular bone that is counterbalanced by small decreases in BMD at cortical sites. The relative preservation of trabecular bone and loss at cortical sites are consistent with the induction of mild hyperparathyroidism with ronacaleret therapy. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
An efficient multicomponent and stereoselective synthesis of new spiro[indeno[1,2‐b]quinoxaline‐11,2′‐pyrrolidine] derivatives
Authors: Moemeni Mehdi , Arvinnezhad Hamid , Samadi Saadi , Tajbakhsh Mahmood , Jadidi Khosrow , Khavasi Hamid Reza 
Published: November 2011

AbstractNew spiro[indeno[1,2‐b]quinoxaline‐11,2′‐pyrrolidine] derivatives were prepared in high yield stereoselectively from an efficient multicomponent 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction between ninhydrin, phenylenediamine, sarcosine, and chalcones. The regiochemistry and stereochemistry of resultant cycloadducts have been determined by several 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques and X‐ray single crystal diffraction. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2012).
Comparison of modeling techniques in circuit variability analysis
Authors: Yelten Mustafa Berke , Franzon Paul D. , Steer Michael B. 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYThree nonlinear reduced‐order modeling approaches are compared in a case study of circuit variability analysis for deep submicron complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor technologies where variability of the electrical characteristics of a transistor can be significantly detrimental to circuit performance. The drain currents of 65 nm N‐type metal‐oxide‐semiconductor and P‐type metal‐oxide‐semiconductor transistors are modeled in terms of a few process parameters, terminal voltages, and temperature using Kriging‐based surrogate models, neural network‐based models, and support vector machine‐based models. The models are analyzed with respect to their accuracy, establishment time, size, and evaluation time. It is shown that Kriging‐based surrogate models and neural network‐based models can be generated with sufficient accuracy that they can be used in circuit variability analysis. Numerical experiments demonstrate that for smaller circuits, Kriging‐based surrogate modeling yields results faster than the neural network‐based models for the same accuracy whereas for larger circuits, neural network‐based models are preferred as, in all metrics, better performance is obtained. Within‐die variations for an XOR circuit are analyzed, and it is shown that the nonlinear reduced‐order models developed can more effectively capture the within‐die variations than the traditional process corner analysis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Finite difference approximations and dynamics simulations for the Lévy Fractional Klein‐Kramers equation
Authors: Li Can , Deng Weihua , Wu Yujiang 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe Klein‐Kramers equation describes position and velocity distribution of Langevin dynamics, the diffusion equation and Fokker‐Planck equation are its special cases for characterizing position distribution and velocity distribution, respectively. Incorporating the mechanisms of Lévy flights into the Klein‐Kramers formalism leads to the Lévy fractional Klein‐Kramers equation, which can effectively describe Lévy flights in the presence of an external force field in the phase space. For numerically solving the Lévy fractional Klein‐Kramers equation, this article presents the explicit and implicit finite difference schemes. The discrete maximum principle is generalized, using this result the detailed stability and convergence analyses of the schemes are given. And the extrapolation and some other possible techniques for improving the convergent rate or making the schemes efficient in more general cases are also discussed. The extensive numerical experiments are performed to confirm the effectiveness of the numerical schemes or simulate the superdiffusion processes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2011
Diagnostic delay in pediatric solid tumors: A population based study on determinants and impact on outcomes
Authors: Loh Amos Hong Pheng , Aung LeLe , Ha Christina , Tan Ah‐Moy , Quah Thuan Chong , Chui Chan‐Hon 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundDespite socioeconomic and clinical progress, pediatric tumors continue to present in advanced stage, and may be due to delays in diagnosis. This study aimed to identify factors associated with diagnostic delay (time between symptom onset and diagnosis) in pediatric tumors in a population‐based study, and to assess the impact of delay on subsequent outcome.ProcedureNatural logarithm of delay was retrospectively described for 390 newly diagnosed tumors reported to the Singapore Childhood Cancer Registry from 1997 to 2007. Delay was correlated with socio‐demographic, disease and healthcare‐system factors using multivariate linear regression, and with event‐free survival (EFS) using Cox regression analysis.ResultsTotal median delay was 5.3 weeks (range 0.1–283.1). Shorter delay was independently associated with younger patient age (P = 0.006), abdominal and pelvic sites (P < 0.001 and P = 0.036, respectively), incidental diagnoses by healthcare staff (P = 0.002), and when pediatric emergency units were the first contacted healthcare facilities and the first to raise suspicion of malignancy (P = 0.034, and P = 0.018, respectively). These factors explained only a small percentage of variance in delay times (21%). Delay was not associated with EFS and disease stage, with 24% of tumors presenting in stage 4.ConclusionsDiagnostic delay was independently associated with age and site of presentation, and points of first symptom detection, first healthcare contact, and first suspicion of malignancy. The broad range of clinical variables analyzed could only account in a small way for differences in delay times observed. While overall delay times were short, they did not influence disease stage at presentation and eventual outcome. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 561–565. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gender differences in positive social–emotional functioning
Authors: Romer Natalie , Ravitch N. Kathryn , Tom Karalyn , Merrell Kenneth W. , Wesley Katherine L. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe investigated gender differences of children and adolescents on positive social and emotional competencies using a new strength‐based measure of positive social–emotional attributes and resilience—the Social–Emotional Assets and Resilience Scales (SEARS) cross‐informant system. Caregivers, teachers, and students in grades kindergarten through 12 from schools across several U.S. states completed SEARS rating scales and self‐report forms. Females were consistently rated as having significantly higher total scores on all versions of the SEARS assessment system (p < .01), indicating consistent perceptions of females' higher levels of social–emotional competencies by all raters. These differences were not impacted by the grade students were in or the gender of the parent or teacher rater. Implications of these findings and future directions are discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Susceptibility of standard clones and European field populations of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, and the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae), to the novel anthranilic diamide insecticide cyantraniliprole
Authors: Foster Stephen P , Denholm Ian , Rison Jean‐Luc , Portillo Hector E , Margaritopoulis John , Slater Russell 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Parthenogenetic clones of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), and the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, were tested with the anthranilic diamide insecticide cyantraniliprole (i.e. DuPont™ Cyazypyr™) in systemic‐uptake bioassays to investigate potential for cross‐resistance conferred by mechanisms of insecticide resistance to organophosphates, carbamates and pyrethroids and, in the case of M. persicae, reduced sensitivity to neonicotinoids. These data were compared with the response of field samples of M. persicae and A. gossypii collected from around Europe.RESULTS: Cyantraniliprole was not cross‐resisted by any of the known insecticide resistance mechanisms present in M. persicae or A. gossypii. The compound was equally active against resistant and susceptible aphid strains. The responses of the M. persicae field samples were very consistent with a maximum response ratio of 2.9 compared with a standard laboratory clone. The responses of the A. gossypii field samples were more variable, although a majority of the responses were not statistically different.CONCLUSION: Cyantraniliprole is currently the only anthranilic diamide (IRAC MoA 28) insecticide targeting aphid species such as M. persicae and A. gossypii. There is no evidence to suggest that the performance of this compound is affected by commonly occurring mechanisms that confer resistance to other insecticide chemistries. Cyantraniliprole is therefore a valuable tool for managing insecticide resistance in these globally important pests. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Zinc related defects in ZnO nanorods
Authors: Travlos Anastasios , Boukos Nikolaos , Chandrinou Chrysoula 
Published: November 2011

AbstractZnO nanorods which have been doped with Zn are studied with photoluminescence spectroscopy at low temperature. Detailed photoluminescence studies reveal that the insertion and extraction of Zn in the nanorods creates zinc related intrinsic defects. The optical signature of these defects is located 30 meV below the conduction band minimum.
Phase field modeling of grain growth in thin films on rigid substrates
Authors: Deng Jie 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA phase field model of grain growth in thin films on rigid substrates is presented, in which the motion of grain boundaries is driven by curvatures as well as anisotropy in surface, interface, and strain energies. The match between the proposed model and the corresponding sharp interface model is demonstrated by asymptotic analysis. The effect of diffuse interface on grain boundary mobility is minimized. The parameters in the model are connected to the measurable properties of materials, and therefore can be obtained from experiments or atomic scale simulations. In numerical simulations, the influence of the texture dependent surface, interface, and strain energies on grain growth is illustrated. The effects of film thickness, strain level, and grain boundary grooving on grain size distribution and texture evolution are also investigated. The effectiveness as well as the limits of the present model are discussed, and the ways to extend it are proposed.