bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endemic goitre and excessive iodine in urine and drinking water among Saharawi refugee children
Authors: Henjum Sigrun , Barikmo Ingrid , Gjerlaug Anne Karine , Mohamed-Lehabib Abderraháman , Oshaug Arne , Arne Strand Tor , Torheim Liv Elin 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of enlarged thyroid volume (Tvol) in Saharawi refugee children, and their urinary iodine concentration (UIC), and to identify possible sources of excess iodine intake.DesignA cross-sectional survey was performed during January–February 2007. Tvol was measured by ultrasound and iodine concentration was analysed in casual urine samples, in household drinking water and in milk samples from household livestock.SettingThe study was undertaken in four refugee camps in the Algerian desert.SubjectsThe subjects were 421 Saharawi children, 6–14 years old.ResultsEnlarged Tvol was found in 56 % (Tvol-for-age) and 86 % (Tvol-for-body-surface-area) of the children. The median (25th percentile–75th percentile, P25–P75) UIC was 565 (357–887) μg/l. The median (P25–P75) iodine concentration in household drinking water was 108 (77–297) μg/l. None of the children had UIC below 100 μg/l, 16 % had UIC between 100 and 299 μg/l, and 84 % had UIC above 300 μg/l. There was a positive association between Tvol and whether the household possessed livestock.ConclusionsThe children are suffering from endemic goitre and high UIC caused probably by an excessive intake of iodine. The excessive iodine intakes probably originate from drinking water and milk.
SHARP LOGARITHMIC DERIVATIVE ESTIMATES WITH APPLICATIONS TO ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS IN THE UNIT DISC
Authors: CHYZHYKOV I. , HEITTOKANGAS J. , RÄTTYÄ J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractNew estimates are obtained for the maximum modulus of the generalized logarithmic derivatives f(k)/f(j), where f is analytic and of finite order of growth in the unit disc, and k and j are integers satisfying k>j≥0. These estimates are stated in terms of a fixed (Lindelöf) proximate order of f and are valid outside a possible exceptional set of arbitrarily small upper density. The results obtained are then used to study the growth of solutions of linear differential equations in the unit disc. Examples are given to show that all of the results are sharp.
Low temperature CH4 and CO2 clathrate hydrate near to mid-IR spectra
Authors: Dartois E. , Schmitt B. , Deboffle D. , Bouzit M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe physical behaviour of methane and carbon dioxide clathrate hydrates, specific crystallographic ice crystals are of major importance for the earth and may control the stability of gases in many astrophysical bodies such as the planets, comets and possibly interstellar grains. Such models claim they provide an alternative trapping mechanism modifying the absolute and relative composition of icy bodies and can be at the source of late time injection of gaseous species in planetary atmospheres. However, there is a clear need to detect them directly. We provide in this study the laboratory recorded signatures of clathrate hydrates in the near to mid-infrared for astrophysical remote detection. These laboratory experiments will in a near future allow to follow the kinetic formation by diffusion in dedicated experiments, another important step to implement, to understand and model their possible presence in space.
Sedna, 2004 VN112 and 2000 CR105: the tip of an iceberg
Authors: Gomes Rodney S. , Soares Jean S. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe review two main scenarios that may have implanted Sedna, 2004 VN112 and 2000 CR105 on their current peculiar orbits. These scenarios are based on perihelion lifting mechanisms that acted upon primordial scattered icy bodies. Supposing that the Sun was formed in a dense star cluster and that the gas giants were also forming while the cluster was still dense, an inner Oort cloud that includes Sedna at its inner edge could have been formed by the circularization of icy leftovers orbits scattered by the gas giants. A putative planetary mass solar companion can also produce a similar population of icy bodies through a perihelion lifting mechanism induced by secular resonances from the companion. A third scenario also dependent on a primordial dense cluster may contribute to adding a significant number of extrasolar icy bodies to the main solar component of the population created by the cluster model. These extrasolar objects are transferred to Sun orbits from the scattered disk of passing stars that were numerous in the dense primordial environment. We compare the scenarios as to the orbital distribution of the induced populations as well as their total mass. We conclude that both the cluster model and the solar companion model can produce icy body populations consistent with Sedna's orbit. It is also quite possible that this inner Oort cloud may be composed of roughly one tenth of extrasolar objects.
The discovery rate of new comets in the age of large surveys. Trends, statistics, and an updated evaluation of the comet flux
Authors: Fernández Julio A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe analyze a sample of 58 Oort cloud comets (OCCs) (original orbital energiesxin the range 0 <x< 100, in units of 10−6AU−1), plus 45 long-period comets with negative orbital energies or poorly determined or undeterminedx, discovered during the period 1999-2007. To analyze the degree of completeness of the sample, we use Everhart's (1967 Astr. J 72, 716) concept of “excess magnitude” (in magnitudes × days), defined as the integrated magnitude excess that a given comet presents over the time above a threshold magnitude for detection. This quantity is a measure of the likelihood that the comet will be finally detected. We define two sub-samples of OCCs: 1)new comets(orbital energies 0 <x< 30) as those whose perihelia can shift from outside to the inner planetary region in a single revolution; and 2)inner cloud comets(orbital energies 30 ≤x< 100), that come from the inner region of the Oort cloud, and for which external perturbers (essentially galactic tidal forces and passing stars) are not strong enough to allow them to overshoot the Jupiter-Saturn barrier. From the observed comet flux and making allowance for missed discoveries, we find a flux of OCCs brighter than absolute total magnitude 9 of ≃0.65 ± 0.18 per year within Earth's orbit. From this flux, about two-thirds corresponds to new comets and the rest to inner cloud comets. We find striking differences in theq-distribution of these two samples: while new comets appear to follow an uniformq-distribution, inner cloud comets show an increase in the rate of perihelion passages withq.
Non-gravitational forces and masses of some long-period comets. The cases of Hale-Bopp and Hyakutake
Authors: Sosa Andrea , Fernández Julio A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBy means of a simple non-gravitational force model of the cometary nucleus, which relies on the observed light curves assumed to be a good representation of the water sublimation rate, we estimate the masses of a sample of long-period comets (LPCs).A critical issue of our method is the assumption of a correlation between visual heliocentric magnitudes and water production rates. This is a necessary assumption because of the sparse observational data of gas production rates (with the exception of very few comets like Hale-Bopp or Hyakutake). In this regard we present here a new correlation for LPCs. We also present the preliminary results for the masses of comets Hale-Bopp and Hyakutake.
Numerical simulations of Jupiter Family Comets; physical and dynamical effects
Authors: Di Sisto Romina P. , Fernández Julio A. , Brunini Adrián 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe present results from numerical simulations of a Jupiter family comet (JFC) population (orbital periods P < 20 yr and Tisserand parameters in the range 2 < T < 3.1) originated in the Scattered Disk and transferred to the Jupiter's zone through gravitational interactions with the Jovian planets. We shall call ‘non-JFCs’ those comets coming from the same source, but that do not fulfill the previous criteria (mainly because they have periods P > 20 yr). We have carried out series of numerical simulations of fictitious comets with a purely dynamical model and also with a more complete dynamical - physical model that includes besides nongravitational forces, sublimation and splitting mechanisms. We obtained better fits with models including physical effects, and in particular our best fits are for four splitting models with a relative weak dependence on q, and a mass loss in every splitting event that is smaller/greater for higher/lower frequencies respectively. The mean lifetime of JFCs with radii R > 1 km and q < 1.5 AU is found to be of about 150-200 revolutions (~103 yr). We find a total population of JFCs with radii R > 1 km within Jupiter's zone of 450 ± 50 and a mean lifetime of about 150-200 revolutions (~103 yr) for those getting q < 1.5 AU. The population of JFCs + non-JFCs with radii R > 1 km in Jupiter-crossing orbits may be about ~2,250 ± 250. Most of non-JFCs have perihelia close to Jupiter's orbit.We also present maps of the densest zones of JFCs in the orbital element space.
How to take into account the relativistic effects in dynamical studies of comets
Authors: Venturini Julia , Gallardo Tabaré 
Published: April 2010

AbstractComet-like orbits with low perihelion distances tend to be affected by relativistic effects. In this work we discuss the origin of the relativistic corrections, how they affect the orbital evolution and how to implement these corrections in a numerical integrator. We also propose a model that mimics the principal relativistic effects and, contrary to the original “exact” formula, has low computational cost. Our model is appropriated for numerical simulations but not for precise ephemeris computations.
Long-term dynamics of Methone, Anthe and Pallene
Authors: Callegari Nelson , Yokoyama Tadashi 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe numerically investigate the long-term dynamics of the Saturn's small satellites Methone (S/2004 S1), Anthe (S/2007 S4) and Pallene (S/2004 S2). In our numerical integrations, these satellites are disturbed by non-spherical shape of Saturn and the six nearest regular satellites. The stability of the small bodies is studied here by analyzing long-term evolution of their orbital elements.We show that long-term evolution of Pallene is dictated by a quasi secular resonance involving the ascending nodes (Ω) and longitudes of pericentric distances (ϖ) of Mimas (subscript 1) and Pallene (subscript 2), which critical argument is ϖ2−ϖ1−Ω1+Ω2. Long-term orbital evolution of Methone and Anthe are probably chaotic since: i) their orbits randomly cross the orbit of Mimas in time scales of thousands years); ii) long-term numerical simulations involving both small satellites are strongly affected by small changes in the initial conditions.
The Distribution of Main Belt Asteroids with Featureless Spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Photometry
Authors: Ribeiro Anderson O. , Roig Fernando 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this work, we propose to analyse the existence of possible correlations between the taxonomic classes of asteroids showing featureless spectra –i.e. a flat continuum with no absorption bands– and their orbital properties. We compute the mean spectral slope of 14 753 asteroids using the photometric data from the Sloan Digital Sky survey Moving Objects Catalog (SDSS-MOC4). Although the quality of these data is not comparable in resolution to the spectroscopic data, the amount of observations in the SDSS-MOC4 is more than 20 times larger that in the available spectral databases. This allows us to obtain a statistically significant result.
A Simple Model for the Secular Light Curve of Comet C/1996 B2 Hyakutake
Authors: Rondón Eduardo , Ferrín Ignacio 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe secular light curves of comets (Ferrín, 2005) give a large amount of physical information on the cometary nucleus. We have developed a model that allows the prediction of a secular light curve, from which we derive parameters like the orientation of the rotational axis (I, φ) and optical thickness of the cometary coma. The model is based on the paper published by (Cowan & A'Hearn, 1979). To do the calculation we found a correlation between the water production rate and the reduced magnitude. We obtain probable orientations of the nucleus pole for several combinations of parameters for comet C/1996 B2 Hyakutake.
Bacterial diversity in rhizosphere soil from Antarctic vascular plants of Admiralty Bay, maritime Antarctica
Authors: Teixeira Lia C R S , Peixoto Raquel S , Cury Juliano C , Sul Woo Jun , Pellizari Vivian H , Tiedje James , Rosado Alexandre S 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe Antarctic is a pristine environment that contributes to the maintenance of the global climate equilibrium. The harsh conditions of this habitat are fundamental to selecting those organisms able to survive in such an extreme habitat and able to support the relatively simple ecosystems. The DNA of the microbial community associated with the rhizospheres of Deschampsia antarctica Desv (Poaceae) and Colobanthus quitensis (Kunth) BartI (Caryophyllaceae), the only two native vascular plants that are found in Antarctic ecosystems, was evaluated using a 16S rRNA multiplex 454 pyrosequencing approach. This analysis revealed similar patterns of bacterial diversity between the two plant species from different locations, arguing against the hypothesis that there would be differences between the rhizosphere communities of different plants. Furthermore, the phylum distribution presented a peculiar pattern, with a bacterial community structure different from those reported of many other soils. Firmicutes was the most abundant phylum in almost all the analyzed samples, and there were high levels of anaerobic representatives. Also, some phyla that are dominant in most temperate and tropical soils, such as Acidobacteria, were rarely found in the analyzed samples. Analyzing all the sample libraries together, the predominant genera found were Bifidobacterium (phylum Actinobacteria), Arcobacter (phylum Proteobacteria) and Faecalibacterium (phylum Firmicutes). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first major bacterial sequencing effort of this kind of soil, and it revealed more than expected diversity within these rhizospheres of both maritime Antarctica vascular plants in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, which is part of the South Shetlands archipelago.
The LAILAPS Search Engine: A Feature Model for Relevance Ranking in Life Science Databases
Authors: Lange Matthias , Spies Karl , Colmsee Christian , Flemming Steffen , Klapperstück Matthias , Scholz Uwe 
Published: April 2010

AbstractEfficient and effective information retrieval in life sciences is one of the most pressing challenge in bioinformatics. The incredible growth of life science databases to a vast network of interconnected information systems is to the same extent a big challenge and a great chance for life science research. The knowledge found in the Web, in particular in life-science databases, are a valuable major resource. In order to bring it to the scientist desktop, it is essential to have well performing search engines. Thereby, not the response time nor the number of results is important. The most crucial factor for millions of query results is the relevance ranking. In this paper, we present a feature model for relevance ranking in life science databases and its implementation in the LAILAPS search engine. Motivated by the observation of user behavior during their inspection of search engine result, we condensed a set of 9 relevance discriminating features. These features are intuitively used by scientists, who briefly screen database entries for potential relevance. The features are both sufficient to estimate the potential relevance, and efficiently quantifiable. The derivation of a relevance prediction function that computes the relevance from this features constitutes a regression problem. To solve this problem, we used artificial neural networks that have been trained with a reference set of relevant database entries for 19 protein queries. Supporting a flexible text index and a simple data import format, this concepts are implemented in the LAILAPS search engine. It can easily be used both as search engine for comprehensive integrated life science databases and for small in-house project databases. LAILAPS is publicly available for SWISSPROT data at http://lailaps.ipk-gatersleben.de
Incorporating Computer-Aided Language Sample Analysis Into Clinical Practice
Authors: Price Lisa Hammett , Hendricks Sean , Cook Colleen 
Published: April 2010

Purpose
During the evaluation of language abilities, the needs of the child are best served when multiple types and sources of data are included in the evaluation process. Current educational policies and practice guidelines further dictate the use of authentic assessment data to inform diagnosis and treatment planning. Language sampling and analysis (LSA) offers an important clinical tool for gathering such authentic assessment data, and computer-aided methods of LSA make it clinically feasible. The purpose of this tutorial is to provide step-by-step procedures for computer-aided LSA (CLSA).

Method
This tutorial includes instructions for a 4-step CLSA process: (a) eliciting a representative sample of the child’s language and recording it directly onto the computer; (b) transcribing the language sample; (c) analyzing the language sample and interpreting the results using a readily available software program, Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts (SALT; J. Miller & A. Iglesias, 2006); and (d) using the results to plan the child’s treatment goals and activities. A case study is provided to illustrate this process.

Implications
Digital technologies can dramatically improve the feasibility of LSA, potentially transforming clinical practice by providing a quantifiable but naturalistic measure of language. This tutorial will facilitate the integration of useful technologies into clinical practice and provide information regarding the application of CLSA data.
Clinical Application of the Mean Babbling Level and Syllable Structure Level
Authors: Morris Sherrill R. 
Published: April 2010

Purpose
This clinical exchange reviews two independent phonological assessment measures: mean babbling level (MBL) and syllable structure level (SSL). Both measures summarize phonetic inventory and syllable shape in a calculated average and have been used in research to describe the phonological abilities of children ages 9 to 36 months. An example of the measures' clinical use is presented.

Method
Six studies reporting MBL and SSL were reviewed. Combined, the studies included 207 participants. One hundred twenty-eight of those were developing language as expected, and 79 were identified as having speech-language impairment.

Conclusion
Overall, the studies indicate that SSL is a reliable measure that increases as children develop. Children with language impairment exhibit lower SSL scores than children with typical language skills. Further, a lower than expected MBL is predictive of a lack of meaningful speech at 24 months of age.

Implication
MBL and SSL have clinical application in terms of initial evaluation as well as progress monitoring. Recommendations for standardized corpus inclusion procedures are presented.
Identification of Clinical Markers of Specific Language Impairment in Adults
Authors: Poll Gerard H. , Betz Stacy K. , Miller Carol A. 
Published: April 2010

Purpose
To investigate the usefulness of 3 tasks known to be effective diagnostic clinical markers of specific language impairment (SLI) in children: (a) nonword repetition, (b) sentence repetition, and (c) grammaticality judgments of finiteness marking.

Method

Two groups of young adults, 13 with SLI and 18 with typical language, completed 3 experimental tasks: (a) nonword repetition, (b) sentence repetition, and (c) grammaticality judgments of sentences that were either correct or contained an omitted finiteness marker, an overt agreement error, or an omitted progressive –
ing
. Analyses included receiver operating characteristic curve analyses and computation of likelihood ratios associated with the use of each task as a clinical marker for SLI, as well as development of a logistic regression model that used multiple tasks as predictors.

Results
Each marker task significantly contributed to classification of adults as affected or unaffected by SLI, with moderate positive and negative likelihood ratios. A combination of the 3 marker tasks was the best predictor of affectedness status with moderate to large likelihood ratios.

Conclusions
The results suggest that SLI persists into adulthood and that effective clinical markers of this disorder are similar to those used to identify SLI in children. Refinement of these tasks to increase their likelihood ratios will improve their usefulness in diagnosing SLI in adults.
Acoustic Analysis of the Voiced-Voiceless Distinction in Dutch Tracheoesophageal Speech
Authors: Jongmans Petra , Wempe Ton G. , van Tinteren Harm , Hilgers Frans J. M. , Pols Louis C. W. , van As-Brooks Corina J. 
Published: April 2010

PurposeConfusions between voiced and voiceless plosives and voiced and voiceless fricatives are common in Dutch tracheoesophageal (TE) speech. This study investigates (a) which acoustic measures are found to convey a correct voicing contrast in TE speech and (b) whether different measures are found in TE speech than in normal laryngeal (NL) speech. The main focus was on plosives.MethodNine TE and 5 NL speakers were included in this study. Fourteen acoustic measures were selected and analyzed. Comparisons were made between voiced and voiceless for the groups separately and between TE and NL speakers. Conditional inference trees were used to establish the most important distinguishing cue.ResultsTE speakers do not differ significantly from NL speakers, except for pitch-related measures. For plosives, all measures distinguished between voiced and voiceless for both speaker groups. The main distinguishing measure for the plosives was relative phonation time in the closure.ConclusionsTE and NL speakers differ less in the way the voiced-voiceless distinction is conveyed than expected. Further research is needed to show whether the main acoustic cue is also perceptually most relevant.
The real plank problem and some applications
Authors: Muñoz-Fernández G. , Sarantopoulos Y. , Seoane-Sepúlveda J. 
Published: April 2010

K. Ball has proved the “complex plank problem”: if(xk)k=1n\left (x_{k}\right )_{k=1}^{n}is a sequence of norm11vectors in acomplexHilbert space(H,⟨⋅,⋅⟩)\left (H, \, \langle \cdot ,\cdot \rangle \right ), then there exists a unit vectorxxfor which\[|⟨x,xk⟩|≥1/n,k=1,…,n.\left |\langle {x}, x_{k}\rangle \right |\geq 1/\sqrt {n}\,,\quad k=1, \ldots , n\,.\]In general, this result is not true onrealHilbert spaces. However, in special cases we prove that the same result holds true. In general, for some unit vectorxxwe have derived the estimate\[|⟨x,xk⟩|≥max{λ1/n,1/λnn},\left |\langle {x}, x_{k}\rangle \right | \geq \max \left \{\sqrt {\lambda _{1}/n},\, 1/\sqrt {\lambda _{n}n}\right \}\,,\]whereλ1\lambda _{1}is the smallest andλn\lambda _{n}is the largest eigenvalue of the Hermitian matrixA=[⟨xj,xk⟩]A=\left [\langle {x_{j}}, x_{k}\rangle \right ],j,k=1,…,nj, k=1, \ldots , n. We have also improved known estimates for the norms of homogeneous polynomials which are products of linear forms on real Hilbert spaces.