bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Labor Pain with Locally Applied Ketocaine
Authors: Ulmsten Ulf , Sandahl Björn , Lundén Christoffer , Andersson Karl‐Erik 
Published: December 2009

Ketocaine, a new local anesthetic drug, was used for treatment of referred pain during labor. In a randomized, double‐blind manner, fifty primigravidae received compresses containing either ketocaine in a 10 per cent ethanol solution or compresses with saline (placebo). The compresses were applied to the skin areas where the patient experienced the most intense pain.Nineteen of the 25 patients receiving ketocaine compresses reported good or moderate pain relief for an average of 2.5 h (range 1‐5 h). These patients had a mean cervical dilatation of 3 cm (range 2‐5 cm). In patients without effect of the compresses, the cervix was dilated to a mean of 6 cm (range 5‐8 cm). In patients reporting good effect of the treatment, pains were located mainly to the back.Only six of the 25 patients receiving placebo compresses obtained relief of pain. The effect ceased immediately upon removal of the compresses. There was no relation between pain relief and the degree of cervical dilatation, or localization of the pain.No maternal or fetal side‐effects related to the treatment were registered.
Diagnostic Ultrasound in Threatened Abortion and Suspected Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Jörgensen Connie , Skjaerris Johannes , Sundén Bertil , Åberg Anders 
Published: December 2009

200 women threatened with abortion during the first 16 weeks of pregnancy were examined with diagnostic ultrasound to determine whether there were signs of intrauterine life. Of the 90 who showed positive signs, 8 aborted spontaneously later, the other 82 continued their pregnancy.The ultrasound investigation revealed no signs of intrauterine life in 110 patients. Of these, spontaneous abortion or later evacuation because of missed abortion 101 (histo‐pathological examination showed degenerated villi in 98), not pregnant 4, mola hydatidosa 3, extrauterine pregnancies 2.An ultrasound examination was performed to ascertain whether 136 women with suspected ectopic pregnancy had intrauterine pregnancies. 61 of them had an intrauterine gestational sac, confirmed at clinical follow‐up. One of the 61 was operated on with laparoscopy because of pain; no abnormalities were found. In 36 of the other 75, laparoscopy was performed. Ectopic pregnancy 21, ovarian or parovarian cyst 11, adhesions 2, salpingitis 1, and normal 1.Diagnostic ultrasound is excellent for accurate prognosis in threatened abortion. Unnecessary operations avoided; hospitalization in suspected ectopic pregnancies reduced.
Serum Ferritin as a Measure of Iron Stores During and After Normal Pregnancy with and Without Iron Supplements
Authors: Puolakka J. , Jäne O. , Pakarinen A. , Järvinen P. A. , Vihko R. 
Published: December 2009

The iron stores of 32 healthy pregnant women were evaluated longitudinally during pregnancy and 6 months post partum by serum ferritin assay and by bone marrow iron content. Half of the women were receiving oral iron while the others were not given iron supplementation.Women receiving iron could maintain their iron stores throughout the pregnancy. By contrast, women without iron therapy had low serum ferritin values, pointing to the absence of iron stores during the last trimester, and 6 of these 16 women developed anemia. This was confirmed by estimation of the quantity of stainable iron in the bone marrow. In addition serum iron, transferrin and red cell MCV values indicated iron deficient erythropoesis.During a 6‐month period after pregnancy the women receiving supplemental iron during pregnancy had a significant increase in their serum ferritin concentrations, indicating restoration of iron stores. Women not receiving iron during pregnancy had exhausted iron stores at term and serum ferritin values stayed low even at 6 months after delivery. If iron therapy was instituted after parturition, serum ferritin assays indicated restoration of iron stores within the ensuing 6 month. To prevent iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy supplemental iron is advisable for all pregnant women in our country.
A Comparative Study of Uterine Activity and Fetal Heart Rate Pattern in Labor Induced with Oral Prostaglandin E2or Oxytocin
Authors: Bremme Katarina , Bygdeman Marc 
Published: December 2009

Labor was induced for medical reasons at or near term in altogether 200 patients. The women were randomly assigned to low amniotomy and either oral PGE2or intravenous infusion of oxytocin. The initial PGE2dose was 0.5 mg, followed by 1.0 mg every hour for up to 24 hours. Oxytocin was given as an intravenous pump infusion, starting with 5 mIU/min and rising stepwise to 20 mIU/min. Uterine contractility and fetal heart rate (FHR) were recorded by cardiotocography in 61 women receiving oxytocin and in 63 given prostaglandin E2. A detailed analysis of the contractility pattern was performed in 16 women, eight from each group.Labor was established slightly earlier in the oxytocin group than in the prostaglandin group of patients. When in labor, frequency and amplitude of contractions as well as uterine contractility were the same in both treatment groups. The frequency of atypical contractility patterns was higher in labor induced with PGE2than with oxytocin. One period of hypertonus was observed in one patient treated with PGE2but it was not associated with alterations in FHR and disappeared without additional therapy. Both mild and more severe variations in FHR occurred but were equally common in both treatment groups. There was no perinatal mortality among the newborns and the Apgar score 5 minutes after delivery was 8 or more.
URINARY ESTROGEN EXCRETION AND CONCENTRATION OF SERUM HUMAN PLACENTAL LACTOGEN IN PREGNANCIES FOLLOWING LEGALLY INDUCED ABORTION
Authors: Obel Erik B. , Madsen Mette 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Feto‐placental function was assessed by 24‐hour excretion of estrogens in urine and by the concentration of human Placental Lactogen (hPL) in serum in pregnant women whose previous pregnancy was terminated by legally induced abortion. The mean 24‐hour excretion of estrogens in urine and the mean concentration of hPL in serum were no lower in this group than in women without previous induced abortion. Neither was the frequency of a low 24‐hour excretion of estrogens in urine or low concentration of hPL in serum (values less than mean − 1.96 s) found to be increased.This study could not demonstrate an increased frequency of dysfunction of the feto‐placental unit during the last part of pregnancy in women with previous legally induced abortion. These findings indicate that legal abortion does not seem to increase the frequency of retarded intrauterine growth in a subsequent pregnancy.
TERBUTALINE INHALATION FOR ALLEVIATION OF SEVERE PAIN IN ESSENTIAL DYSMENORRHEA
Authors: Kullander S. , Svanberg L. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. In a double‐blind cross‐over study the effect of terbutaline spray (Bricanyl aerosolR) inhalations was tested in 14 women with severe dysmenorrhea.A significant relief was noted in association with an increased menstrual blood loss. The side effects were few.
A Study of Estrogen and Progesterone Cytosol Receptor Concentration in Benign and Malignant Ovarian Tumors and A Review of Malignant Ovarian Tumors Treated with Medroxy‐Progesterone Acetate
Authors: Bergqvist A. , Kullander S. , Thorell J. 
Published: December 2009

ER and PR were assayed in 13 malignant and 20 benign ovarian tumors of different histologic types. ER was detectable in 67% and PR in 40% of the malignant tumors, compared with 35 and 45% in the benign tumors, respectively. The ER concentration was somewhat higher in the malignant lesions but there was no difference in the PR level.A retrospective review of 39 primary ovarian tumors of different pathologic stages and classes, treated postoperatively with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA, Depo‐Provera, Upjohn) and in most cases Melphalan, showed a high Karnofsky performance index and good complete and partial response rates. The need for a prospective, controlled study of the role of MPA treatment of malignant ovarian tumors is evident.
THE TREATMENT OF ESSENTIAL HIRSUTISM IN WOMEN WITH CYPROTERONE ACETATE AND ETHINYL ESTRADIOL
Authors: Frey Harald , Aakvaag Asbjørn 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Ten women with essential hirsutism were treated for one year with cyclic administration of cyproterone acetate and ethinyl estradiol. Biochemical and clinical control took place after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months of treatment.In 4 patients great improvement of hirsutism was noted, but only after 6 months of therapy. In 4 patients there was some improvement, while 2 were resistant. Side effects included reduced libido in 4 cases, mental depression in 3, dry skin and itching in 4 and transient nausea in one, but never necessitated cessation or interruption of treatment.Several changes in endocrine function took place during treatment: testosterone secretion rate diminished together with the urinary excreetion of 17‐KS and 17‐KGS, while the serum concentration of testosterone binding globulin increased. There was a reduction in the serum concentration of total endogenous estrogens and progesterone as well as LH. No changes in hepatic, renal or hematologic parameters were found except for a slight increase in plasma pro‐thrombin time.Clinical outcome of therapy could not be correlated with a pretreatment endocrine “profile”, nor with the changes that this therapy induced in endocrine function.It is concluded that the anti‐androgenic effect is probably the most important in this drug regimen, but that reversibility of hirsutism may depend upon factors not directly related to androgen influence.
Dose‐Dependent Effects of Synthetic Progestins on the Biochemistry of the Estrogenized Post‐Menopausal Endometrium
Authors: Siddle N. C. , Townsend P. T. , Young O. , Minardi J. , King R. J. B. , Whitehead M. I. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Symptomatic post‐menopausal women were treated with conjugated equine estrogens (Premarin; Ayerst International) 1.25 mg daily, continuously, adding either norethisterone (Primolut N; Schering Chemicals) 1, 2.5, 5 or 10 mg daily or D/L norgestrel (Wyeth Laboratories) 150 or 500 μg daily for 10 days each calendar month. Endometrial biopsies were obtained during estrogen therapy alone and oh the 6th day of combined estrogen/progestin administration.Sensitive biochemical indices of estrogen and progestogenic activities were measured in the endometrial samples. These included measurements of DNA synthesis in epithelium and stroma by tritiated thymidine autoradiography; nuclear estradiol receptor content, and the activities of estradiol 17β and isocitric dehydrogenase and acid and alkaline phosphatase.Low dosages of progestins achieved maximal biochemical effects and the larger doses failed to enhance these responses. It is concluded that the dosages of progestins currently added in post‐menopausal estrogen therapy are greatly in excess of those necessary to suppress endometrial proliferation effectively; lowering the daily progestin dosage is unlikely to result in any lessening of this protective effect and will probably reduce the incidence of side effects, as these appear to be dose‐dependent.
Central and Peripheral Effects of Desogestrel 15–60 μg Daily for 21 Days in Healthy Female Volunteers
Authors: Cullberg Göran , Lindstedt Göran , Lundberg Per‐Arne , Steffensen Kjeld 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Desogestrel (Org 2969, 17α‐ethinyl‐18‐methyl‐11‐methylene‐4‐estrene‐17β‐01) was given for 21 days to 6 female volunteers in daily doses of 15, 30 or 60 μg until ovulation inhibition was achieved. Control cycles were studied before and after each treatment cycle. Blood samples for determinations of serum FSH, LH, unconjugated 17β‐estradiol, progesterone, prolactin, ceruloplasmin, and orosomucoid were taken at intervals of 1–2 days. The karyopyknotic index and the amount of cervical mucus, ferning, Spinnbarkeit and sperm penetration were also assessed at 2‐day intervals. An endometrial biopsy was taken on day 22 from 5 volunteers receiving the 30 μg dose.The results of FSH, LH, 17β‐estradiol and progesterone determinations indicate that 2 of the 4 volunteers ovulated whilst taking the 15 pg dose; however, one of the 2 displayed corpus luteum dysfunction. On the 30 μg dose, 5 out of 6 volunteers had anovulatory cycles; the sixth volunteer was then given 60 μg desogestrel, which resulted in inhibition of ovulation.In all volunteers treated with desogestrel (even those who ovulated during treatment), the cervical mucus was under progestational influence, resulting in a low Spinnbarkeit and impaired sperm penetration. The microscopic appearance of the endometrium varied but was clearly under progestational influence in all volunteers treated with desogestrel. Ovulation occurred in all post‐treatment cycles. No side effects were seen, except for ‘spottings’ during half of the treatment cycles. No changes attributable to the treatment were seen in serum concentrations of prolactin, ceruloplasmin or orosomucoid.
Does Cervix Conization Increase the Risk of Complications in Subsequent Pregnancies?
Authors: Moinian Mahmud , Andersch Björn 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. In a series of 414 patients who underwent cervix conization because of cancer in situ, the risk of complications in subsequent pregnancies was analyzed by studying the outcome of their 923 pregnancies before and after cone biopsy.After conization the incidence of late spontaneous abortion was seven times higher than before. Moreover, 20.5% of pregnancies following cone biopsy required cervix cerclage because of suspected cervical insufficiency, or cesarean section because of a scarred cervix stenosis.
Predictive Value of a Single Unstressed Antepartum Cardiotocogram in Apparently Uncomplicated Pregnancy
Authors: Lenstrup C. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Antepartum CTGs were recorded in 88 pregnant women in the 36th week of pregnancy, approximately. The CTGs were evaluated according to three different CTG scoring systems. A new CTG score is now presented. The three systems are compared according to their ability to predict retarded intra‐uterine growth. Nine infants were born small‐for‐date; 8 of these had s suspect CTG. In 7 of these cases reduced variability was present for more than 25% of the registration time. When variability is reduced for more than 25% of the registration time there is a statistically significantly higher rate of infants born small‐for‐date (p<0.001).Fifty per cent of those fetuses that did not move spontaneously during registration were born small‐for‐date. When accelerations were present, 94% of the infants were born normal‐for‐date. Low estriol and/or low hPL levels were found in 5 of 9 cases where the infants were born small‐for‐date. Low estriol/hPL and/or suspect CTG were found in all cases of infants born small‐for‐date. When estriol, hPL and CTG were normal, no infants were born small‐for‐date.
α2‐Antiplasmin and α2‐Macroglobulin—The main inhibitors of fibrinolysis—During the Menstrual Cycle, Pregnancy, Delivery, and Treatment with oral contraceptives
Authors: Wallmo L. , Gyzander E. , Karlsson K. , Lindstedt G. , Radberg T. , Teger‐Nilsson A. C. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. α2‐Antiplasmin and α2‐macroglobulin have been studied during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and parturition in healthy women, and during use of various types of contraception in both healthy and diabetic women, and compared with a reference group of healthy men and women.α2‐Antiplasmin showed a slight sex difference, with higher values in women. The luteal phase of the menstrual cycle showed slightly higher values than the other phases. α2‐Antiplasmin increased during pregnancy, decreased (probably due to consumption) during labor and increased again in the puerperium. Treatment with neither combined contraceptive pills nor low dose progestogen pills gave any changes in α2‐antiplasmin.α2‐Macroglobulin showed low values during menstruation. The increase during pregnancy and treatment with combined contraceptive pills is in accordance with earlier findings.It is concluded that synthesis and metabolism of α2‐antiplasmin are under hormonal influence. The role of α2‐antiplasmin in the decreased fibrinolysis in pregnancy is discussed.
Delivery and long—term outcome of very low birth weight infants
Authors: Westgren Magnus , Ingemarsson Ingemar , Ahlström Hans , Lindroth Magnus , Svenningsen Niels W. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The obstetric and the neonatal management of 72 infants weighing less than 1500 g at birth were evaluated. Sixty per cent of the mothers were delivered by cesarean section. The neonatal mortality (27%) was equal in the cesarean section and the vaginally delivered groups, but intraventricular hemorrhage was a more frequent autopsy finding in the latter group.At follow‐up, 88% of all surviving infants are neurologically normal at two years of age. Of the vaginally delivered infants, three suffered from cerebral palsy, but none in the cesarean section group. The present results reveal that an active management including cesarean section in the delivery of very low birth weight infants is justified and leads to a favorable prognosis.
The clinical significance of blood‐contaminated midtrimester amniocentesis
Authors: Ron M. , Cohen T. , Yaffe H. , Beyth Y. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. In 706 midtrimester amniocenteses, 180 (25.5%) samples yielded blood‐stained amniotic fluid (macroscopically and microscopically), 152 (21.5%) contained maternal blood, 28 (3.9%) fetal blood and 8 samples contained both maternal and fetal blood. In the 180 cases of bloody midtrimester amniocentesis, the abortion rate was 6.6% when maternal blood was found and 14.3% when fetal blood was aspirated, compared with 1.7% in controls. The amount of blood drawn did not alter pregnancy outcome. The percentage of bloody amniotic fluid in amniocenteses performed before the 16th week of pregnancy was much higher (36.7%) than during and after the 16th week of pregnancy (22%).Midtrimester amniocentesis should therefore be avoided before the 16th week of pregnancy.
Serial Plasma Oxytocin Levels During Pregnancy and Labor
Authors: Otsuki Y. , Yamaji K. , Fujita M. , Takagi T. , Tanizawa O. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Maternal plasma oxytocin levels during pregnancy and labor were measured by a sensitive and specific ra‐dio‐immunoassay.The mean plasma oxytocin concentration in maternal peripheral plasma showed a gradual rise towards term, reaching 12.5 μU/ml in term subjects without labor contractions. This level was not significantly different from the mean value in the 1st stage of normal spontaneous labor (12.6 μU/ml).Brief fluctuations in plasma oxytocin levels of considerable degree, and sometimes spurt release, were observed in labor and at term, but not in the mid‐trimester, in serial samples collected at short intervals (about 10 sec).In normal spontaneous labor, no obvious relation was observed between the plasma oxytocin level and the uterine contraction period, and no significant difference was found between the mean value in uterine contraction periods (12.1 μU/ml) and that in relaxation periods (11.5 μU/ml).
Actinomyces Israelii in the Genital Tract of Women with and Without Intra‐Uterine Contraceptive Devices
Authors: Persson E. , Holmberg K. , Dahlgren S. , Nilsson L. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Actinomycosis involving the female genital tract is more common among IUD users than others. The diagnosis is difficult and often delayed. It has been suggested that the finding of Actinomyces‐like organisms or A. israelii in cervical smears indicates a risk of developing actinomycosis. A. israelii has not been regarded as a part of the indigenous genital flora.A group of IUD users without symptoms of genital tract infections were compared with a control group without IUDs. No Actinomyces‐like organisms were found on cyto‐logical examination of cervical smears. Immunofluorescent staining and cultures identified A. israelii in 4% of the IUD users and in 3% of the non‐users. Serologic precipitin tests for actinomycosis were negative in all women. None developed actinomycosis on follow‐up of positive cases. The study indicates that A. israelli is a commensal of the female genital tract. The identification of A. israelii alone does not indicate that the patient risks developing actinomycosis. Other methods such as a serology test should be useful in defining the clinical significance of the findings.
Parturition and Pelvic Fracture
Authors: Madsen Lis Vinge , Jensen Jörn , Christensen Sören T. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Thirty‐four women with a history of pelvic fracture gave birth. Ten had experienced increasing or recurrent pain during the course of their pregnancy. Twenty‐seven women gave birth without complications, including 13 patients with displaced pelvis.In only one patient was cesarean section carried out on suspicion of disproportion. Cesarean section was carried out in another case because of resymphysiolysis and in one because of other complications to the pregnancy. Two underwent vacuum extraction because of secondary inertia, but subsequently they gave birth by the vaginal route without complications. In connection with pregnancy and birth, 2 patients had resymphysiolysis. They were the only patients of 8 with symphysiolysis who had undergone osteosynthesis, and both had had the material removed before pregnancy.It is concluded that separation of the symphysis in a pelvic fracture is a more serious complication in subsequent parturition than is displacement of the bony birth canal.
A Comparison of Three Dosages of Prostaglandin E2 Pessaries for Ripening the Unfavourable Cervix Prior to Induction of Labor
Authors: Varma T. R. , Norman J. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A study was planned to evaluate the effect of Prostaglandin E2 pessaries in three different dosages in ripening the unfavourable cervix prior to the induction of labor.A single dose of PGE2 as pessary in the three different dosages was administered into the posterior vaginal fornix to ripen an unfavourable cervix with a Bishop score ≤4 in 101 primigravid and 79 multigravid patients.The pessary containing 2 mgm was as effective as 3 mgm and 5 mgm PGE2 pessary in ripening the cervix, and the outcome of labor and fetal status were similar with the different dosages of PGE2. However, two multigravid patients who received 5 mg of PGEs pessary and one multigravid patient who received 3 mg of PGE2 pessary developed hyper‐tonic uterine activity. None of the patients who received 2 mg PGE2 pessary developed any adverse effect on uterine activity.