bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sable Sub Basin Near Field Exploration Prospectivity
Authors: Steele David Roger , Mulders John , Crisp Melanie 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Exploration in the Sable Sub-basin shelf is relatively immature and still holds surprising near-field exploration prospectivity around the Sable Offshore Energy Project (SOEP) infrastructure. Shell and partners have drilled 19 exploration wells on the current Shell interest leases in the Sable Sub-basin from 1969 to 2001 and have discovered nearly 1BBOE. Exploration proceeded in 3 phases, an early phase of hydropressure exploration, a main phase of deep geopressure exploration, and a later phase of exploration in geopressures.
The early phase of exploration in hydropressures involved 5 wells from 1969 to 1975. Onondaga E-84, Triumph P-50, Thebaude P-84, Citnalta I-59, and Intrepid L-80 tested reservoir objectives ranging from the Late Jurassic MicMac Formation to the Early Cretaceous Upper Missisauga Formation. The discovered volume totaled 1.2 Tcf and 36MMBC. Drilling was suspended at the top of geopressures. Success at the top of geopressures in the Thebaude well encouraged deeper drilling in geopressures.
Discovery of the 1.5 Tcf Venture field in 1978 kicked off a phase of successful deep exploration in geopressures. Another 11 deep wells were drilled through 1985 and discovered another 2.65 Tcf in a series of moderate sized gas fields ranging from 130 to 437 Bcf. These fields include Arcadia, Glenelg, Olympia, Venture, South Uniacke, Alma, Chebucto, Venture West, and Triumph North. Hydrocarbons, primarily gas, were found in both geopressured and hydropressured reservoirs that ranged in age from the Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous.
The final phase of exploration resulted in only two wells since 1985, Sable South B-44 and Onondaga B-84, both resulted in discoveries. Most of the industry exploration in the basin since 1985 has focused on carbonate, not clastic plays.
The next phase of exploration remains to be tested by the drill bit. Fifty-five leads have been defined in the Sable Sub-basin around the Sable Offshore Energy Project (SOEP) infrastructure. All the leads are downthrown fault closures with shelf margin delta complexes as reservoirs. The combined factors of rapid subsidence, high sediment input from a large river, and proximity to the shelf margin result in thick geopressured reservoirs with multiple intra-formational seals and thick top seals. Fault closure traps occur along faults with large throw with potentially long columns. Several geopressured traps in the discovered fields have fault dependent columns ranging from 100m to 205m.
In conclusion, considerable scope for near field exploration is present in the Sable Sub-basin in conventional plays that have not been extensively explored since 1985.
A Pilot Investigation of Speech Sound Disorder Intervention Delivered by Telehealth to School-Age Children
Authors: Grogan-Johnson Sue , Gabel Rodney M. , Taylor Jacquelyn , Rowan Lynne E. , Alvares Robin , Schenker Jason 
Published: May 2011

This article describes a school-based telehealth service delivery model and reports outcomes made by school-age students with speech sound disorders in a rural Ohio school district. Speech therapy using computer-based speech sound intervention materials was provided either by live interactive videoconferencing (telehealth), or conventional side-by-side intervention. Progress was measured using pre- and post-intervention scores on the Goldman Fristoe Test of Articulation-2 (Goldman & Fristoe, 2002). Students in both service delivery models made significant improvements in speech sound production, with students in the telehealth condition demonstrating greater mastery of their Individual Education Plan (IEP) goals. Live interactive videoconferencing thus appears to be a viable method for delivering intervention for speech sound disorders to children in a rural, public school setting. Keywords: Telehealth, telerehabilitation, videoconferencing, speech sound disorder, speech therapy, speech-language pathology; E-Helper
Copper‐Based Nanostructured Coatings on Natural Cellulose: Nanocomposites Exhibiting Rapid and Efficient Inhibition of a Multi‐Drug Resistant Wound Pathogen, A. baumannii, and Mammalian Cell Biocompatibility In Vitro
Authors: Cady Nathaniel C. , Behnke Jason L. , Strickland Aaron D. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis paper describes a layer‐by‐layer (LBL) electrostatic self‐assembly process for fabricating highly efficient antimicrobial nanocoatings on a natural cellulose substrate. The composite materials comprise a chemically modified cotton substrate and a layer of sub‐5 nm copper‐based nanoparticles. The LBL process involves a chemical preconditioning step to impart high negative surface charge on the cotton substrate for chelation controlled binding of cupric ions (Cu2+), followed by chemical reduction to yield nanostructured coatings on cotton fibers. These model wound dressings exhibit rapid and efficient killing of a multidrug resistant bacterial wound pathogen, A. baumannii, where an 8‐log reduction in bacterial growth can be achieved in as little as 10 min of contact. Comparative silver‐based nanocoated wound dressings–a more conventional antimicrobial composite material–exhibit much lower antimicrobial efficiencies; a 5‐log reduction in A. baumannii growth is possible after 24 h exposure times to silver nanoparticle‐coated cotton substrates. The copper nanoparticle–cotton composites described herein also resist leaching of copper species in the presence of buffer, and exhibit an order of magnitude higher killing efficiency using 20 times less total metal when compared to tests using soluble Cu2+. Together these data suggest that copper‐based nanoparticle‐coated cotton materials have facile antimicrobial properties in the presence of A. baumannii through a process that may be associated with contact killing, and not simply due to enhanced release of metal ion. The biocompatibility of these copper‐cotton composites toward embryonic fibroblast stem cells in vitro suggests their potential as a new paradigm in metal‐based wound care and combating pathogenic bacterial infections.
Single‐Electron Tunneling through Molecular Quantum Dots in a Metal‐Insulator‐Semiconductor Structure
Authors: Hayakawa Ryoma , Hiroshiba Nobuya , Chikyow Toyohiro , Wakayama Yutaka 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA sigle‐electron tunneling (SET) in a metal‐insulator‐semiconductor (MIS) structure is demonstrated, in which C60 and copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) molecules are embedded as quantum dots in the insulator layer. The SET is found to originate from resonant tunneling via the energy levels of the embedded molecules, (e.g., the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO)). These findings show that the threshold voltages for SET are tunable according to the energy levels of the molecules. Furthermore, SET is observable even near room temperature. The results suggest, together with the fact that these properties are demonstrated in a practical device configuration, that the integration of molecular dots into the Si‐MIS structure has considerable potential for achieving novel SET devices. Moreover, the attempt allows large‐scale integration of individual molecular functionalities.
Degradation Effects Related to the Hole Transport Layer in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Ecker Bernhard , Nolasco Jairo Cesar , Pallarés Josep , Marsal Lluis Francesc , Posdorfer Jörg , Parisi Jürgen , von Hauff Elizabeth 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe influence of the hole transport layer on device stability in polymer:fullerene bulk‐heterojunction solar cells is reported. Three different hole transport layers varying in composition, dispersion solvent, electrical conductivity, and work function were used in these studies. Two water‐based hole transport layers, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) and polyaniline:poly(styrene sulfonate), and one isopropyl alcohol‐based polyaniline:poly(styrene sulfonate) transport layer were investigated. Solar cells with the different hole transport layers were fabricated and degraded under illumination. Current–voltage, capacitance–voltage, and capacitance–frequency data were collected at light intensities of 16, 30, 48, 80, and 100 mW cm−2 over a period of 7 h. Device performance and stability were compared between nonencapsulated and encapsulated samples to gain understanding about degradation effects related to oxygen and water as well as degradation mechanisms related to the intrinsic instability of the solar cell materials and interfaces. It is demonstrated that the properties of the hole transport layer can have a significant impact on the stability of organic solar cells.
Nonlinear adaptive learning control for unknown time‐varying parameters and unknown time‐varying delays
Authors: Chen Weisheng , Zhang Zhengqiang 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA new adaptive learning control approach is proposed for a class of first‐order nonlinear systems with two unknown time‐varying parameters and an unknown time‐varying delay. By reconstructing the system equation, all unknown time‐varying terms, including the time‐varying delay, are combined into an unknown periodic time‐varying vector, which is estimated by a periodic adaptive mechanism. By constructing a Lyapunov–Krasovskii‐like composite energy function (CEF), we prove the boundedness of all signals and the convergence of the tracking error. The results are extended to two classes of high‐order nonlinear systems with mixed parameters. Three simulation examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the control algorithms proposed in this paper.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Gold nanoparticles‐based fluorescence enhancement of the terbium–levofloxacin system and its application in pharmaceutical preparations
Authors: Lee Sang Hak , Wabaidur Saikh Mohammad , Alothman Zeid Abdullah , Alam Seikh Mafiz 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTA sensitive fluorescence (FL) technique is proposed for the determination of levofloxacin (LVX). The method is based on the fact that the weak FL signal of the Tb(III)–LVX system is strongly enhanced in the presence of gold nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles were prepared by the citrate reduction of HAuCl4 and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Levofloxacin and Tb(III) ion form a fluorescence complex in aqueous solution, and its maximum emission wavelength was found at 545 nm. Optimal conditions for the formation of the levofloxacin–Tb(III) complexes were studied. Levofloxacin was detected by measuring the FL intensity, which increases linearly with the concentration of LVX in the range 6.2 × 10−10–2.6 × 10−8 mol/L. Recovery of the target analytes was > 96% with good quality parameters: linearity (r2 > 0.996), limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values 2.1 × 10−10 mol/L and 7.2 × 10−10 mol/L, and run‐to‐run and day‐to‐day precisions with relative standard deviations (RSDs) around 3%. Thus, the proposed method can be successfully applied to the routine determination of levofloxacin in pharmaceutical preparations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A New Approach to Construct a Doubly Interpenetrated Microporous Metal–Organic Framework of Primitive Cubic Net for Highly Selective Sorption of Small Hydrocarbon Molecules
Authors: Das Madhab C. , Xu Hui , Xiang Shengchang , Zhang Zhangjing , Arman Hadi D. , Qian Guodong , Chen Banglin 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA new approach has been realized to construct a three‐dimensional doubly interpenetrated cubic metal–organic framework Zn2(PBA)2(BDC)⋅(DMF)3(H2O)4 (UTSA‐36, HPBA=4‐(4‐pyridyl) benzoic acid, H2BDC=1,4‐benzenedicarboxylic acid) through the self‐assembly of the pyridylcarboxylate linker 4‐(4‐pyridyl) benzoate and bicarboxylate linker 1,4‐benzenedicarxylate with paddle‐wheel [Zn2(COO)4]. The activated UTSA‐36 a exhibits highly selective gas sorption of C2H6, C2H4 and C2H2 over CH4 with the Henry law’s selectivities of 11 to 25 in the temperature range of 273 to 296 K attributed to the unique 3D intersected pore structure of about 3.1 to 4.8 Å within the framework, indicating that UTSA‐36 a is a potentially very useful and promising microporous material for such industrially important separation of C2 hydrocarbons over methane.
Design and implementation of an adaptive job allocation strategy for heterogeneous multi‐cluster computing systems
Authors: Yang Chao‐Tung , Chou Keng‐Yi , Lai Kuan‐Chou 
Published: May 2011

AbstractCluster computing is an attractive approach to provide high‐performance computing for solving large‐scale applications. Owing to the advances in processor and networking technology, expanding clusters have resulted in the system heterogeneity; thus, it is crucial to dispatch jobs to heterogeneous computing resources for better resource utilization. In this paper, we propose a new job allocation system for heterogeneous multi‐cluster environments named the Adaptive Job Allocation Strategy (AJAS), in which a self‐scheduling scheme is applied in the scheduler to dispatch jobs to the most appropriate computing resources. Our strategy focuses on increasing resource utility by dispatching jobs to computing nodes with similar performance capacities. By doing so, execution times among all nodes can be equalized. The experimental results show that AJAS can improve the system performance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low power Wallace multiplier design based on wide counters
Authors: Abed Sa'ed , Mohd Bassam Jamil , Al‐bayati Zaid , Alouneh Sahel 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYMultiplication is one of the most basic arithmetic operations. It is used in digital applications, central processing units, and digital signal processors. In most systems, the multiplier lies within the critical path and hence, due to probability and reliability issues, the power consumption of the multiplier has become very important. Moreover, as chips shrink and their power densities increase, power is becoming a major concern for chip designers. The ever increasing demand for portable applications with their limited battery lifetime indicates that power considerations should be a center stone in today's designs and the future's designs. Thus, all this has motivated us to provide a novel circuit design technique for a low power multiplier without compromising the multiplier's speed.This paper presents a new power aware multiplier design based on Wallace tree structure. A new algorithm is proposed using high‐order counters to meet the power constraints imposed by mobility and shrinking technology. Commonly used multipliers of widths 8, 16, and 32 bits are designed based on the proposed algorithm. The new approach has succeeded in reducing the total number of gates used in the multiplier tree. Simulations on Altera's Quartus‐II FPGA simulator showed that the design achieves an average of 18.6% power reduction compared to the original Wallace tree. The design performs even better as the multiplier's size increases, achieving a 5% gate count reduction, a 26.5% power reduction, and a 23.9% better power‐delay product in 32‐bit multipliers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solution Chemistry Synthesis of Intermetallic Gold–Lithium Nanoparticles
Authors: Bondi James F. , Schaak Raymond E. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractColloidal nanoparticles of a prototype polar intermetallic compound, Au3Li, were synthesized by reacting Au nanoparticle seeds with n‐butyllithium. X‐ray and electron diffraction data are consistent with the L12 (Cu3Au) structure type expected for Au3Li. Composition analysis indicates a stoichiometry of approximately Au3Li0.7, which is within the reported composition range of the Au3Li phase. The Au3Li nanoparticles decompose in water to regenerate Au. The successful synthesis of Au3Li as colloidal nanoparticles demonstrates that polar intermetallic compounds containing highly electropositive elements are accessible by using low‐temperature solution chemistry routes and that they are also amenable to nanostructuring.
Stereochemistry of 2,6‐Diaminoadamantane Salts: Transannular Interactions
Authors: Glaser Robert , Steinberg Avital , Šekutor Marina , Rominger Frank , Trapp Oliver , Mlinarić‐Majerski Kata 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA series of bisprimary, bistertiary, and bisquaternary adamantane‐2,6‐diammonium salts were synthesized from adamantane‐2,6‐dione starting material. Conversion of the dione to a dioxime followed by H2/PtO2 hydrogenation afforded 2,6‐diaminoadamantane dihydrochloride 2a. Reductiveamination of 2a with aqueous formaldehyde (H2/PtO2) gave rac‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethyl‐2,6‐diaminoadamantane dihydrochloride salt 3. Diffusion of acetone into a solution of 3 in methanol gave 2.5 hydrate crystals in a triclinic P$\bar {1}$ cell, which had two molecules of opposite handedness and five water molecules in the asymmetric unit. Diamine 2a with excess CH3I yielded rac‐N,N,N,N′,N′,N′‐hexamethyladamantane‐2,6‐diaminium diiodide quaternary salt 4a. Diiodide 4a with molecular bromine gave the corresponding dibromide 4b. Acetone diffusion into a solution of 4a (or 4b) in methanol gave isostructural monohydrate crystals in orthorhombic Pnma cells. An enantiomeric pair of 4a,4b (2RS,6RS)‐diaminium ions is disordered about the mirror plane, since chiral cation occupancy of this location requires symmetry that cannot be fulfilled. In solution, all the cations had C2 symmetry, as detected by NMR spectroscopy, whereas an approximate C2 symmetry was observed in crystals. RmS(G) quantification of crystallographic pseudo‐symmetry shows high fidelity for pseudo‐inversion symmetry between cations of opposite handedness in crystal 3, and for pseudo‐C2 symmetry within adamantane skeletons of crystals 3, 4a, and 4b. Axial NMe3 or NHMe2 groups on adamantane‐2 (or ‐6‐)‐positions suffer cis‐1,3‐diaxial repulsion, very similar to that involving axial tBu or iPr groups and H(axial) protons on cyclohexane. These transannular steric interactions tilt the NMe3 units outward by about 19°, while NHMe2 groups slant outward by a smaller and more usual 7°.
Synthesis of Phosphonylated and Thiolated Indenones by Manganese(III)‐Mediated Addition of Phosphorus‐ and Sulfur‐Centered Radicals to 1,3‐Diarylpropynones
Authors: Zhou Jun , Zhang Guang‐Liang , Zou Jian‐Ping , Zhang Wei 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPhosphorus‐ or sulfur‐centered radicals generated from the reaction of manganese(III) acetate with dialkyl phosphonates or arylthiols undergo selective additions to conjugated alkynes followed by cyclization and rearomatization to afford 2‐phosphonyl‐ or 2‐thioaryl‐substituted indenones in fair to good yields.
Amino acid analog toxicity in primary rat neuronal and astrocyte cultures: Implications for protein misfolding and TDP‐43 regulation
Authors: Dasuri Kalavathi , Ebenezer Philip J. , Uranga Romina M. , Gavilán Elena , Zhang Le , Fernandez‐Kim Sun O.K. , Bruce‐Keller Annadora J. , Keller Jeffrey N. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAmino acid analogs promote translational errors that result in aberrant protein synthesis and have been used to understand the effects of protein misfolding in a variety of physiological and pathological settings. TDP‐43 is a protein that is linked to protein aggregation and toxicity in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. This study exposed primary rat neurons and astrocyte cultures to established amino acid analogs (canavanine and azetidine‐2‐carboxylic acid) and showed that both cell types undergo a dose‐dependent increase in toxicity, with neurons exhibiting a greater degree of toxicity compared with astrocytes. Neurons and astrocytes exhibited similar increases in ubiquitinated and oxidized protein following analog treatment. Analog treatment increased heat shock protein (Hsp) levels in both neurons and astrocytes. In neurons, and to a lesser extent astrocytes, the levels of TDP‐43 increased in response to analog treatment. Taken together, these data indicate that neurons exhibit preferential toxicity and alterations in TDP‐43 in response to increased protein misfolding compared with astrocytes. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Challenges of Marketing Tourism Destinations in the Central African Subregion: the Cameroon Example
Authors: Kimbu Albert Nsom 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTDuring the last decade, sub‐Saharan Africa has consistently posted one of the highest tourism growth rates averaging approximately 6% per annum between 2007 and 2010. However, not all countries have profited from this growth. Countries in the Central African subregion, even though recognized internationally as potential hot spots for sustainable ecotourism development, are still lagging behind those located in Western, Eastern and Southern Africa. This paper identifies some challenges inhibiting the development and marketing tourism destinations in the Central African subregion in general and Cameroon in particular and proposes some concise measures whose implementation would help in redressing the situation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurement error and survey design in sightability model development
Authors: Walsh Daniel P. , Campa Henry , Beyer Dean E. , Winterstein Scott R. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractMeasurement error of explanatory variables used in sightability models can result in biased population estimates and associated measures of precision. We developed a Monte Carlo simulation procedure that can be implemented within the sightability model framework when measurement error is present. Additionally, we developed simulation and sample survey methods, for determining the optimal allocation of survey effort to maximize precision of population estimates for a fixed survey cost, when a complete survey of a study area is not feasible. We used data from aerial surveys of elk during 2004–2006 in Michigan to demonstrate the application of these techniques. By accounting for measurement error and applying appropriate survey design practices, managers employing sightability models may be able to generate more accurate and cost‐effective population estimates and accompanying measures of precision than is possible if these techniques are ignored. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
SALINE WETLANDS' FATE IN INLAND DESERTS: AN EXAMPLE OF 80 YEARS' DECLINE IN MONEGROS, SPAIN
Authors: Domínguez‐Beisiegel M. , Herrero J. , Castañeda C. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTWetlands inventory is one of the goals of conservation plans on a national scale and a global scale. Inventories are needed for long‐term monitoring or for identifying lost wetlands and those where restoration is feasible. In this article, we present an updated inventory of the saline wetlands of Southern Monegros, Spain. We depicted the evolution of these saline wetlands, locally named saladas with a unique long‐term retrospective study based on aerial photographs from 1927. Their inventory has been accomplished through a map analysis based on a geographical information system using aerial photographs and orthophotographs, topographic maps, unpublished local studies and field surveys. Remaining vegetation, changes in soil moisture and colour, and geomorphology have been the key features in identifying the saladas. Their changes in number, size and shape have been driven by human pressure, the main modifier of landscape in the last 80 years. The information gathered will contribute to the awareness of stakeholders and decision makers for their conservation as natural resources. Moreover, our large retrospective approach is a consistent base from which to propose the inclusion of the saladas of Monegros in the Ramsar list of Wetlands of International Importance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.