bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Petrology and geochemistry of the orbicular granitoid of Sierra de Velasco (NW Argentina) and implications for the origin of orbicular rocks
Authors: GROSSE PABLO , TOSELLI ALEJANDRO J. , ROSSI JUANA N. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe Velasco orbicular granitoid is a small (65 × 15 m), irregularly-shaped body that crops out within the Huaco granite, central Sierra de Velasco, NW Argentina. It consists of ellipsoid-shaped orbicules of 3 to 15 cm length immersed in an aplitic to pegmatitic matrix. The orbicules are formed by a core made up of a K-feldspar megacryst, partially to totally replaced by plagioclase, an inner shell of radial and equant plagioclase crystals, a layer of tangentially oriented biotite laths, and an outer shell of plumose plagioclase crystals, containing diffuse rings of tangentially oriented biotite. The orbicular granitoid formedin situin a pocket of evolved and volatile-rich melt segregated from the surrounding partially crystallized Huaco granite, possibly via a filter pressing mechanism. The segregated melt entrained relatively few K-feldspar megacrysts into the pocket, leaving behind a concentration of megacrysts around the pocket. High water concentration caused effective superheating of the melt and destruction of nuclei, with only the large megacrysts surviving as solids. Sudden water-pressure loss and exsolution of the volatile phase, perhaps related to a volcanic eruption or fracturing of the surrounding granite, caused rapid undercooling of the melt. The orbicules grew in the undercooled melt by heterogeneous nucleation on the megacrysts, which acted as nucleation seeds, and crystallization of reversely zoned radial plagioclase and sporadic crystallization of tangential biotite rings according to fluctuations in its saturation. Orbicular growth gave way to crystallization of the equiaxial inter-orbicular matrix in two stages, when sufficient polymerization of the melt was attained. The time scale of formation of the orbicular granitoid was fast, possibly a matter of a few weeks or months.
Heat transport analysis of the improved confinement discharge with LHW in the HT-7 tokamak
Authors: ZHANG X. M. , SHEN X. , WAN B. N. , WU Z. W. , FU J. ,   THE HT-7 TEAM
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn the HT-7 tokamak, heat transport analysis is carried out for the lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) experiments. Electrons and ions are coupled and good confinement can be obtained by properly optimizating LHCD and plasma parameters. Under the conditions that the plasma current is about 220 kA, the lower hybrid wave (LHW) power is about 300 kW and the central line-averaged density is about 1.5×1013 cm−3, lower hybrid wave power deposition is off-axis. Local transport analysis illustrated that both electron and ion thermal diffusivities are decreased during the LHW phase, and the electron internal transport barriers (eITBs) are formed while been accompanied by the ion internal transport barriers (iITBs) during LHW phase. Ions are heated by electron-ion collision in the region of the barriers although the ohmic power and the LHW power were absorbed by the electrons. Both electron temperature and ion temperature are increased during the LHW phase, and in the confinement region, the electron-to-ion temperature ratio, Te/Ti varies from 2.0 ~ 2.5 during OH phase to 1.3 ~ 1.6 during LHW injected into the plasma, which shows that electron confinement is not degraded by the electron–ion collisions meanwhile ions are also confined. The energy confinement is increased from 13 ms to 25 ms due to the formation of electron and ion internal transport barries after the LHW is injected into the plasma. LHW driven current and bootstrap current contribute to 60% of the total current.
Further research of the collisional instability. An extensive study of growth and a notable influence of the boundaries
Authors: XAPLANTERIS C. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn a cylindrical geometry, a low-pressure magnetized argon plasma is lit, using the rf upper hybrid resonance. As a radial dc electric field is formed, a perpendicular drift velocity is obtained on the charged particles and a collisional instability is raised. The description, study and identification of that wave were given in the last published work from NCSR ‘Demokritos’, both experimentally and theoretically. Since then, the research has been continued and significant results have been obtained concerning the fields of plasma parameters, wave further understanding, growth research and boundaries' strong influence. The aim of the present paper is to inform that the rising instability has many of the characteristics of drift instabilities that are caused by the density gradient, as well as the ability of it's frequency to overcome the ion gyro-frequency. In addition, it gives an answer to the well-known problem of the need to consider a small component of the wave vector in the parallel direction, in order the wave to rise through the electron-neutral collisions' proceedings; a strong influence of cavity length on wave amplitude has been observed and measured.
Commercial recruiting and Informal Intermediation: debate over the sardari system in Assam tea plantations, 1860–1900
Authors: SEN SAMITA 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis paper engages with Rajnarayan Chandavarkar's argument that the importance accorded to the intermediation of sardars/jobbers in colonial labour arrangements followed from the perception of the Indian peasant as static and immobile, requiring especial effort at recruitment, but that, over time, employers grew resentful of the power and control acquired by these intermediaries. Drawing on this insight, the paper examines the role ofsardarsin the recruitment system of the Assam tea plantations and the ways in which they were promoted by the planters and the state in an attempt to loosen the stranglehold of professional contractors. Thesardarswere presented as the solution to abuses of Assam recruitment and portrayed as non-market agents recruiting within the closed world of kin, caste and village relationships. Towards the late-nineteenth century, however, a nexus developed between the contractors andsardars, which successive legislative interventions failed to break. Moreover, the notion that thesardarwould be a more benign agent of recruitment was repeatedly proved false.
Disciplining Sholapur: the industrial city and its workers in the period of the Congress ministry, 1937–1939
Authors: KAMAT MANJIRI 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe Congress, which had launched a satyagraha in 1930 to defy the Martial Law at Sholapur, had swept to power in the Bombay Presidency after the 1937 elections. However, once in power it started using a vocabulary of discipline in the industrial city. Its acceptance of power was greeted with a surge in labour activism led by the communists. The Congress initially relaxed many of the restrictions imposed by the earlier British administration and followed a strategy of accommodation. In a city like Sholapur, where government surveillance had increased following the violent popular unrest of 1930 in response to Mahatma Gandhi's call for Civil Disobedience, such temperate policies encouraged the articulation of submerged tensions, especially as the formation of a Congress government had raised expectations. Yet a combination of factors forced the ministry to adopt an uncompromising stance towards the labour activism of this period. Sholapur's turbulent record of unrest, the constraints imposed by class alliances, the trappings of labour recruitment from the criminal tribes settlement, the increasing influence of the communists, coupled with the bureaucracy and millowners' shared aversion to unbridled trade union activity, forced the ministry to adopt tougher disciplinary measures in the city. Therefore, when the labour agitation in Sholapur threatened to disrupt law and order, it brought about a shift in the government's response and the bureaucracy reasserted its power by reverting to repressive measures in the new Congress Raj.
MAXIMAL OPERATORS AND HILBERT TRANSFORMS ALONG FLAT CURVES NEAR L1
Authors: BEZ NEAL 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFor a class of convex curves in ℝd we prove that the corresponding maximal operator and Hilbert transform are of weak type Llog L. The point of interest here is that this class admits curves which are infinitely flat at the origin. We also prove an analogous weak type result for a class of nonconvex hypersurfaces.
ON THE NUMBER OF PRIME ORDER SUBGROUPS OF FINITE GROUPS
Authors: BURNESS TIMOTHY C. , SCOTT STUART D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLetGbe a finite group and letδ(G) be the number of prime order subgroups ofG. We determine the groupsGwith the propertyδ(G)≥∣G∣/2−1, extending earlier work of C. T. C. Wall, and we use our classification to obtain new results on the generation of near-rings by units of prime order.
A dairy producer's view of respiratory disease
Authors: Patrick Robert L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractRespiratory disease is a significant economic burden for United States dairies. Although there has been quality research, there is a need to translate the academic findings to the dairy barn. In particular, there is a need to implement solutions in the context of the economic ramifications of disease management. Plans to combat respiratory disease need to be simple, implemented incrementally and require low ‘management energy’. If respiratory disease is prevented at an early age, this will ensure the greatest chance that the animals will reach their full genetic potential to produce.
Genetics, environment and bovine respiratory disease
Authors: Snowder Gary 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe heritability estimates for resistance and/or susceptibility to bovine respiratory disease (BRD) are small, suggesting response to direct selection will be slow. The number of mammalian genetic markers associated with resistance to specific pathogens or improved immunity is increasing and will provide additional information for developing selection criteria for producing animals with an innate resistance to BRD. Environmental and management factors play significant roles in the prevalence of BRD and must be considered in a holistic approach to reducing BRD. Although no single solution for preventing BRD is likely to be discovered in the immediate future, the long-term outlook appears very promising.
Disease control on organic and natural cattle operations
Authors: Karreman Hubert J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe number of cattle operations which manage their livestock as certified organic or as natural is constantly increasing. Common conditions that practitioners often see have bacterial, viral or parasite etiologies. With restrictions on treatments allowed, either by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Certified Organic program or by other niche programs, it would help practitioners to know what is allowable to use and how to approach cases in these settings. This presentation aims to provide veterinarians with an awareness of animal health care when working with organic/natural producers and alternative therapies that are understandable to medically trained professionals.
Update on bacterial pathogenesis in BRD
Authors: Confer Anthony W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni, Mycoplasma bovis and Arcanobacterium pyogenes are all frequently implicated in bovine respiratory disease (BRD). M. haemolytica is considered the most important of the group. These bacteria are commensals in the nasopharynx and establish infection in the lungs of cattle that are subjected to a variety of stresses. Factors that permit adherence to and proliferation in the lungs and factors that cause tissue destruction and inflammation have been identified as having major roles in pathogenesis. These virulence factors include protein adhesins, capsular polysaccharide, outer membrane proteins, iron-binding proteins, lipopolysacharide or lipooligosaccharide, enzymes and toxins. These bacterial products function to evade the immune system, damage the immune system and induce a severe inflammatory response.
Vowel Acoustics in Adults With Apraxia of Speech
Authors: Jacks Adam , Mathes Katey A. , Marquardt Thomas P. 
Published: December 2009

Purpose
To investigate the hypothesis that vowel production is more variable in adults with acquired apraxia of speech (AOS) relative to healthy individuals with unimpaired speech. Vowel formant frequency measures were selected as the specific target of focus.

Method

Seven adults with AOS and aphasia produced 15 repetitions of 6 American English vowels in /hVC/ context (
hid,
head,
hat,
hot,
hub,
hoot
). Vowel formant frequency measures (F1, F2) were Bark transformed and compared with data from archival sources.

Results
Measures of vowel acoustics in speakers with AOS did not differ from those of unimpaired speakers, including absolute Bark formant values, vowel space area, intervowel distance, and individual trial-to-trial formant variability.

Conclusion
Comparison with normative acoustic measures suggested that vowel production at the word level is unimpaired in the current speakers with AOS, supporting previous studies that have shown vowel production is relatively intact in AOS.
Effect of Dystrophin Deficiency on Selected Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles of themdxMouse
Authors: Fry Lisa T. , Stemple Joseph C. , Andreatta Richard D. , Harrison Anne L. , Andrade Francisco H. 
Published: December 2009

BackgroundIntrinsic laryngeal muscles (ILM) show biological differences from the broader class of skeletal muscles. Yet most research regarding ILM specialization has been completed on a few muscles, most notably the thyroarytenoid and posterior cricoarytenoid. Little information exists regarding the biology of other ILM. Early evidence suggests that the interarytenoid (IA) and cricothyroid (CT) may be more similar to classic skeletal muscle than their associated laryngeal muscles. Knowledge of the IA and CT’s similarity or dissimilarity to typical skeletal muscle may hold implications for the treatment of dysphonia.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to further define IA and CT biology by examining their response to the biological challenge of dystrophin deficiency.MethodControl and dystrophin-deficient superior cricoarytenoid (SCA; mouse counterpart of IA) and CT muscles were examined for fiber morphology, sarcolemmal integrity, and immunohistochemical detection of dystrophin.ResultsDespite the absence of dystrophin, experimental muscles did not show disease markers.ConclusionsThe SCA and the CT appear spared in dystrophin-deficient mouse models. These laryngeal muscles possess specializations that separate them from typical skeletal muscle. Considered in light of previous research, the CT and IA may represent transitional form of muscle, evidencing properties of typical and specialized skeletal muscle.
Assessment and Treatment Approaches for the Patient With COPD
Authors: Alexander Jocelyn E. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
As more adults reach their later years, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) becomes a highly complicating factor with regards to overall health. For the purpose of this article, “COPD” is used as an umbrella term that includes emphysema, bronchitis, and, at times, asthma. It is progressive in nature. The main symptoms of COPD are usually readily apparent to the skilled observer: shortness of breath, decreased capacity for physical activity, presence of a chronic obstructive cough, loss of appetite with possible weight loss, and increased fatigue (Connell & Richman, 2009). Not surprisingly, this short list of symptoms alone can create havoc for the speech-language pathologist, because COPD can cause a multitude of problems, including voice, communication, and swallowing disorders.
Augmentative and Alternative Communication in the Geriatric Population: A Review of Literature
Authors: Crema Christopher 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Speech-language pathologists working in the subacute rehabilitation setting often evaluate and treat patients with complex communication impairments. Many of these patients benefit from the use of Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) to facilitate expression of basic wants and needs. When it comes to implementing an AAC system into a care plan, there are a vast number of options available. A thorough evaluation is crucial when determining the most appropriate AAC system to use. These systems can range from gesturing, to a static overlay board, to a more complex, dynamic high tech device. Implementation of AAC systems has been proven to assist people with severe communication deficits that have been caused by a variety of medical conditions. Numerous studies have documented the efficacy of the use of AAC systems with individuals with traumatic brain injury, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and developmental disabilities. However, little has been documented regarding the use of AAC in the dementia, aphasia, and geriatric populations. This article will review the literature regarding the use of AAC with these populations.
Literacy Skills as a Barrier to Inservice Training
Authors: Geeslin Robert H. , York Patricia W. 
Published: December 2009

This article presents the results of the administration of the Nelson-Denny Reading Test to three populations: (1) two groups of elementary school teachers assigned for inservice training, (2) elementary school teachers who volunteered for inservice training and also volunteered to participate in a research study, and (3) teachers participating in a summer institute. Findings indicate minimum functional literacy skills among some teachers assigned to inservice training, and evidence that even some participants in teacher trainer institutes function at levels barely literate. These findings indicate the necessity for more strict evaluation of persons completing preservice training, applying for teacher certification, applying for continuing contracts, and serving in the classroom.
A Theoretical Analysis of the Effects of Writing System Characteristics on Learning to Read
Authors: Gillooly William B. 
Published: December 2009

This paper summarizes the work of those seeking to analyze English orthography as well as the data which bear on the behavioral effects of writing system characteristics. English writing is shown to involve at least two levels of representation. One level is sound-related (phonographic representation) but another, deeper level of representation is meaning-related (orthographic representation). The results of this analysis are combined with verbal learning models in order to explain the experimental data. Reading is viewed as involving mediation processes which depend, in part, on reading experience. Hence, the effects of increased reading experience involve not only changes in the functional stimuli for reading as Gibson has proposed but also changes in the nature of the responses to those stimuli. The implications of this notion are discussed briefly.
An Investigation of the Effectiveness of a Programmed Graphemic Option Approach to Teaching Reading to Disadvantaged Children
Authors: Briggs Barbara C. 
Published: December 2009

How effective is a programmed linguistically-based graphemic option reading approach compared to an eclectic approach with rural disadvantaged children in grades one and two? That is the question this investigator sought to answer with this study. The experimental subjects worked with The Sound Reading Program, a programmed linguistically-based reading approach offering a largely self-instructional program for teaching the basic decoding and processing skills for one hour each school day over a three-month period. The control group continued in the regular ongoing reading program which can best be described as eclectic. The control group did not receive other linguistically-based reading materials or programmed reading materials. Although there was no evidence found in this particular experiment to indicate that the treatment was effective for grade one, this study supports the treatment effect for grade two in both comprehension and word recognition. Furthermore, black subjects in the grade two experimental group were superior to white subjects, while in the control group the results were reversed. Finally, in the grade two experimental group the reading achievement of the boys was equal to the reading achievement of the girls.
Readability of Community College Textbooks and the Reading Ability of the Students Who Use Them
Authors: Cline Terry A. 
Published: December 2009

Using Nelson-Denny test scores of 279 students (80 percent of the freshman class) of a mid-Missouri community college and matching them against the Dale-Chall readability levels of seventeen textbooks used in classes by those students, the author found that eleven of the seventeen textbooks were written above the reading levels of 50 percent of the students. Perhaps the most significant finding of the study was that 52 percent of the students in all the classes had a reading ability below the textbooks used in the respective classes. He recommends that community college faculties place textbook readability high among the criteria in textbook selection; that where a wide range of reading abilities exists, two or three texts written at different levels of difficulty be adopted; that faculties look to nonprint materials to augment and clarify textual material; and that community colleges without them seek to establish reading and study skills programs.
Reading Comprehension and Three Modes of Prereading Assistance
Authors: Andrews Larry 
Published: December 2009

This study investigates relative effects of three modes of prereading assistance—Directed Reading Question, Cognitive Organizer, and a third mode combining the D.R.Q. and the CO.—upon seventh graders' comprehension of a prose selection. Prior to a silent reading of the task selection, Group A listened to an audio-recording of a DRQ; Group B listened to an audio-recording of the CO; Group C listened to a recording of both the DRQ and the CO. Following the silent reading, students completed a seven-item reading comprehension test. Test scores reveal significantly greater comprehension (.01) for the students who listened to the Cognitive Organizer. The DRQ group generated the lowest mean comprehension score. Cognitive Organizer appears to be a more significant prereading activity than does the traditional Directed Reading Question.
Computer Simulation of Reading: A Progress Report
Authors: Leton Donald A. 
Published: December 2009

Simuread is a computer program which segments traditional English orthography into minimum graphic signals and designates a segmental phoneme, non phoneme, or phoneme combination for each. The segmental phoneme chains required for the oral representation of the orthography are simulated in numeric output. The program also derives a conditional association matrix. The rows of the matrix are the minimum graphic signals and the columns are the phoneme designates. The row totals and the percentages of specific graphic-phoneme associations are computed for the cells of the matrix. Samples of Simuread processing of various texts, a portion of a conditional association matrix and comparisons of the total occurrences of the graphic units in several first grade readers are presented in this article to illustrate its research applications.