bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual RNA sequencing during Trichoderma harzianum–Phytophthora capsici interaction reveals multiple biological processes involved in the inhibition and highlights the cell wall as a potential target
Authors: Wang Weizhen , Wang Haidong , Zhang Zhuzhu , Li Wenzhi , Yin Xianhui , Long Youhua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhytophthora capsici is a destructive oomycete pathogen, causing huge economic losses for agricultural production. The genus Trichoderma represents one of the most extensively researched categories of biocontrol agents, encompassing a diverse array of effective strains. The commercial biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum strain T‐22 exhibits pronounced biocontrol effects against many plant pathogens, but its activity against P. capsici is not known.RESULTST. harzianum T‐22 significantly inhibited the growth of P. capsici mycelia and the culture filtrate of T‐22 induced lysis of P. capsici zoospores. Electron microscopic analyses indicated that T‐22 significantly modulated the ultrastructural composition of P. capsici, with a severe impact on the cell wall integrity. Dual RNA sequencing revealed multiple biological processes involved in the inhibition during the interaction between these two microorganisms. In particular, a marked upregulation of genes was identified in T. harzianum that are implicated in cell wall degradation or disruption. Concurrently, the presence of T. harzianum appeared to potentiate the susceptibility of P. capsici to cell wall biosynthesis inhibitors such as mandipropamid and dimethomorph. Further investigations showed that mandipropamid and dimethomorph could strongly inhibit the growth and development of P. capsici but had no impact on T. harzianum even at high concentrations, demonstrating the feasibility of combining T. harzianum and these cell wall synthesis inhibitors to combat P. capsici.CONCLUSIONThese findings provided enhanced insights into the biocontrol mechanisms against P. capsici with T. harzianum and evidenced compatibility between specific biological and chemical control strategies. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry: Current and future approaches
Authors: Jacobson Nathan S. , Colle Jean‐Yves , Stolyarova Valentina , Markus Torsten , Nuta Ioana 
Published: May 2024

RationaleKnudsen effusion mass spectrometry (KEMS) has been a powerful tool in physical chemistry since 1954. There are many excellent reviews of the basic principles of KEMS in the literature. In this review, we focus on the current status and potential growth areas for this instrumental technique.MethodsWe discuss (1) instrumentation, (2) measurement techniques, and (3) selected novel applications of the technique. Improved heating methods and temperature measurement allow for better control of the Knudsen cell effusive source. Accurate computer models of the effusive beam and its introduction to the ionizer allow optimization of such parameters as sensitivity and removal of background signals. Computer models of the ionizer allow for optimized sensitivity and resolution. Additionally, data acquisition systems specifically tailored to a KEMS system permit improved quantity and quality of data.ResultsKEMS is traditionally utilized for thermodynamic measurements of pure compounds and solutions. These measurements can now be strengthened using first principles and model‐based computational thermochemistry. First principles can be used to calculate accurate Gibbs energy functions (gefs) for improving third law calculations. Calculated enthalpies of formation and dissociation energies from ab initio methods can be compared to those measured using KEMS. For model‐based thermochemistry, solution parameters can be derived from measured thermochemical data on metallic and nonmetallic solutions. Beyond thermodynamic measurements, KEMS has been used for many specific applications. We select examples for discussion: measurements of phase changes, measurement/control of low‐oxygen potential systems, thermochemistry of ultrahigh‐temperature ceramics, geological applications, nuclear applications, applications to organic and organometallic compounds, and thermochemistry of functional room temperature materials, such as lithium ion batteries.ConclusionsWe present an overview of the current status of KEMS and discuss ideas for improving KEMS instrumentation and measurements. We discuss selected KEMS studies to illustrate future directions of KEMS.
Dispersity determination of poly(ethylene glycol)s using supercritical fluid chromatography‐mass spectrometry and different mass analysers
Authors: Cancho‐Gonzalez Sergio , Ferguson Paul , Herniman Julie M. , Langley G. John 
Published: May 2024

RationaleDispersity values are considered critical quality attributes for the quality control of poly(ethylene glycol) formulations due to the direct impact on drug performance. However, when these polymers are analysed using mass spectrometry, the design of the mass analyser can impact the oligomer response and affect the obtained dispersity values, so further understanding is needed.MethodsThe deconvoluted electrospray ionisation mass spectra of poly(ethylene glycol)s obtained using supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) hyphenated to different mass analysers were compared, and visualisation diagrams were used to understand the differences in the dispersity value calculations. Five calibration approaches based on a surrogate single oligomer that represents the whole distribution, or the whole distribution itself, for response selection, were used to evaluate ionisation efficiency prior to quantitation. The impact of using an internal standard (ISTD) on the expanded uncertainty was also assessed.ResultsAlthough there were challenges related to the resolution of multiply charged species when low‐resolution instruments were used, similar quantitation capabilities were obtained to those when high‐resolution mass analysers were used. Evaluation of approaches using a surrogate oligomer or the whole distribution suggested the independence of both approaches and a constant ionisation efficiency across the oligomer chain length. The higher degree of chromatographic resolution of SFC allowed incorporating a monodispersed ISTD to improve the accuracy and precision of the method.ConclusionsThe use of low resolution mass analysers was sufficient to provide accurate and precise dispersity values; however, higher resolution instruments were recommended for characterisation due to the improved mass resolution of ions. The introduction of a monodispersed ISTD improved precision without compromising the calculated dispersity value due to the lack of analyte suppression.
Contributions of Reading Support from Teachers, Parents, and Friends to Reading Related Variables in Academic and Recreational Contexts
Authors: Pelletier Daisy , Guay Frédéric , Falardeau Érick 
Published: May 2024

AbstractReading skills are considered an important lever for success in school and active participation in society. They are positively associated with reading motivation, reading self‐concept, reading frequency, and behavioral engagement in reading (e.g., time, effort), variables that tend to decline as students move from elementary to secondary school. Few studies have yet compared the contributions of reading support from teachers, parents, and friends to each of these variables among students of different age groups. In this multicohort correlational study, students (n = 1246) in grades 4, 6, 8, and 10 completed a questionnaire measuring the reading support they perceived receiving from three social agents (teacher, parents, and friends) as well as variables related to reading in academic and recreational contexts. The data collected were used to evaluate the construct relevance and predictive validity of the questionnaire. The results suggest that: (1) Reading support can be conceptualized in nine dimensions defined according to the source that provides it (e.g., teachers) and the type to which it corresponds (e.g., relatedness support); (2) secondary school students overall consider that they receive less reading support than do elementary school students; (3) reading support from teacher has unique contributions to certain variables measured in the academic context without, however, having as many positive contributions as parents in this context; (4) reading support provided by parents and friends is important in both reading contexts, particularly in the recreational context. Methodological, theoretical, and practical implications are discussed.
Assessing China's energy‐related efficiency towards SDG7 and influencing factors
Authors: Zhang Lina , Liu Sai , Chiu Yung‐ho , Pang Qinghua , Chen Qiyong , Shi Changfeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWith scholars paying increasing attention to energy sustainability, integrating energy sustainable utilization into the energy‐related assessment framework is particularly useful for achieving SDG7. This study empirically assesses the energy‐related efficiency (EE) comprised of the energy utilize stage and energy sustainable stage in China using a dynamic two‐stage data envelopment analysis model, and its influencing factors including digital economy with fixed‐effect models. The findings reveal a slight downward trend of EE from 2011 to 2020, primarily due to the poor performance of energy utilize stage. The subregional analysis illustrates that increasing clean energy use (CEU) is more beneficial to energy efficiency than reducing carbon emissions (CER). Dagum Gini coefficients indicate a growing disparity between regions. Additionally, a “U‐shaped” relationship between digital economy and EE is found, but two‐thirds provinces of China have not yet surpassed the turning point. Moreover, different degrees of CEU and CER will influence the impact of digital economy on EE. Environmental regulations and green technology innovation play positive moderating roles in the “U‐shaped” relationship. This study recommends to stimulate the energy sustainable use through higher adoption of clean energy sources and carbon emissions reduction, as well as highlight the green value of the digital economy.
Carrots rather than sticks: Governance of voluntary sustainability standards and farmer welfare in Peru
Authors: Boonaert Eva , Depoorter Charline , Marx Axel , Maertens Miet 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAligned with the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda, voluntary sustainability standards (VSS) have gained prominence as market‐based tools for sustainability governance. However, whether VSS improve economic sustainability remains subject to vigorous debate. A major limitation of the evidence base is that it does not systematically examine which VSS design attributes affect their impact. In this study, we develop a conceptual framework disentangling three main governance mechanisms through which VSS may affect farmer welfare, which we operationalize using secondary data from a nationally representative farm household survey in Peru. Our results underscore the dominant role of market‐based incentives, followed by capacity‐building, while rule enforcement with good agricultural practices has no effect on farm revenue. Additionally, organizational membership is found to amplify the revenue effects of VSS through market‐based incentives. Our findings advocate VSS organizations to strengthen market‐based incentives and capacity‐building, while improving standard setting and enforcement to effectively improve economic sustainability.
Fixed‐Point Atomic Regulation Engineered Low‐Thickness Wideband Microwave Absorption
Authors: Qian Yuetong , Wu Zhengchen , Lv Xiaowei , Huang Mengqiu , Rao Longjun , Wang Lei , Lai Yuxiang , Zhang Jincang , Che Renchao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAtomic doping is widely employed to fine‐tune crystal structures, energy band structures, and the corresponding electrical properties. However, due to the difficulty in precisely regulating doping sites and concentrations, establishing a relationship between electricity properties and doping becomes a huge challenge. In this work, a modulation strategy on A‐site cation dopant into spinel‐phase metal sulfide Co9S8 lattice via Fe and Ni elements is developed to improve the microwave absorption (MA) properties. At the atomic scale, accurately controlling doped sites can introduce local lattice distortions and strain concentration. Tunned electron energy redistribution of the doped Co9S8 strengthens electron interactions, ultimately enhancing the high‐frequency dielectric polarization (ɛ′ from 10.5 to 12.5 at 12 GHz). For the Fe‐doped Co9S8, the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) at 1.7 mm increases by 5%, and the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) improves by 26% (EAB = 5.8 GHz, RLmin = −46 dB). The methodology of atomic‐scale fixed‐point doping presents a promising avenue for customizing the dielectric properties of nanomaterials, imparting invaluable insights for the design of cutting‐edge high‐performance microwave absorption materials.
Trace Selenium Doping for Improving the Reaction Kinetics of ZnS Cathode for Aqueous Zn–S Batteries
Authors: Ren Yibin , Li Jianbo , Zhang Yi , Huang Yunhui , Li Zhen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAqueous Zinc–sulfur (Zn–S) batteries are promising for the field of energy storage due to their low cost, high theoretical capacity, and safety. However, the large volume expansion and the inherently poor conductivity of sulfur would result in electrode cracking and sluggish reaction kinetics, limiting the practical application of Zn–S batteries. Herein, commercial zinc sulfide (ZnS) is employed instead of S as cathode and proposed a doping modification strategy to solve the above problems. The designed ZnS0.93Se0.07 cathode shows good cycle stability and much‐improved reaction kinetics, which is due to the smaller bandgap of ZnS0.93Se0.07 (1.40 eV) compared to ZnS (1.86 eV). As a result, the obtained ZnS0.93Se0.07 cathode exhibits a high specific capacity of 552 mAh g−1 (1672.6 mAh g−1 based on S) at 0.1 A g−1 and 330 mAh g−1 (1000 mAh g−1 based on S) at 2 A g−1. Moreover, the ZnS0.93Se0.07 cathode can provide a high areal capacity of 3.8 mAh cm−2 at a high mass loading of 10 mg cm−2 and limited electrolyte (4 µL mg−1). This work provides a simple and effective cathode modification strategy, which is conducive to promoting the practical application of Zn–S batteries.
Sustainable software engineering—A contribution puzzle of different teams in large IT organizations
Authors: Poth Alexander , Momen Pegah 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIT sustainability is becoming more and more important within the digitalization journey. It is more than green coding or the usage of power‐efficient hardware – it needs a holistic approach to leverage the potentials end‐to‐end in the software life‐cycle. The overall value stream within the IT organization is subject to sustainability alignment. This holistic alignment demands the engagement of different teams in large IT organizations. This article identifies the contributions of typical team stakeholders and evaluates their sustainability software engineering (SSE) contributions. This includes demand, architecture, design, implementation, operation, and usage. As an IT organization focuses on more than just software, the term sustainable IT engineering (SIE) fits better with the scope of organizational sustainability. The proposed approaches are presented based on instantiations within the Volkswagen Group IT.
Seismic fragility analysis of steel reinforced concrete frame‐bent structures in CAP1400 nuclear power plant
Authors: Xu Zhen‐Hua , Zhao Jin‐Quan , Bai Guo‐Liang , Ding Yong‐Gang 
Published: May 2024

SummaryThis paper evaluates the seismic performance of the frame‐bent structure of a conventional island main building in a nuclear power plant (NPP) using the CAP1400 NPP project of Rongcheng Shidaowan in Shandong Province as a case study. A 12‐pin 3‐span prototype structural model of a steel reinforced concrete (SRC) frame‐bent main building is established in ABAQUS, and its seismic fragility is analyzed. The results show that under the conditions of an 8‐degree frequent earthquake and an 8‐degree fortification earthquake, the transcendental probability under the four limit states of the structural seismic fragility matrix with Sa as intensity measure (IM) is higher than that with peak ground acceleration (PGA) as IM. Moreover, under an 8‐degree rare earthquake, the structure has completely exceeded the normal service performance level and has reached the service performance level of temporary use and repair. The seismic damage index of the structure demonstrates that the structure's seismic damage does not exceed the medium damage state under a small earthquake. However, under the action of a moderate earthquake, the seismic damage of the structure ranges from moderate to serious damage. When subjected to large earthquakes, the seismic damage of the structure is basically in a state of serious damage.
Stoma‐related complications and quality‐of‐life assessment: A cross‐sectional study with patients from Ethiopia and Sweden
Authors: Eklöv Karolina , Shiferaw Abel , Rosen Alice , Bekele Solomon , Ayalew Bekin ,   ACROSS Collaborative Group, Bringman Sven , Nygren Jonas , Löfgren Jenny , Everhov Åsa H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe situation for patients with ostomy can be challenging, probably more in a resource‐constrained environment. Our objective was to evaluate quality of life (QoL) (using EQ5D‐5L) and stoma‐specific QoL (using Stoma QoL) in a high‐ and low‐income setting.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study from the Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH), Addis Ababa, and South General Hospital (SGH), Stockholm, patients with a permanent or temporary ostomy at TASH (EthioPerm), (EthioTemp), and patients with ostomy at SGH (SweSto) were included in October 2022–January 2023.ResultsPatients N = 66 were included in groups: EthioPerm N = 28, EthioTemp N = 17, and SweSto N = 21. In EthioTemp, 88% used homemade stoma bags. Although morbidity related to the nipple itself was similar in the groups, the overall score from Stoma QoL was significantly lower in EthioPerm, 48/100 than in SweSto, 74/100. Scores were significantly lower for pouch‐related problems and social interactions in Ethiopian patients. In EthioPerm, 71% of the patients worried that they were a burden to the people close to them compared to 14% in SweSto (p < 0.001). Leakage was over four times more common in EthioPerm than in SweSto. Mean overall EQ5D‐5L score was 18 percentage points lower than the national mean score in EthioPerm and 2 percentage points lower in SweSto.ConclusionQoL was more affected in the Ethiopian study participants than in the Swedish, even when commercial stoma bags were available. The largest problems were leakage, embarrassment with social interactions, and pouch‐related problems.Trial registrationNCT05970458 Clinicaltrials.gov, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05970458?locStr=Ethiopia&country=Ethiopia&distance=50&cond=Stoma%20Ileostomy&rank=1.
A contemporary view of civic leadership: Understanding college student perspectives and addressing barriers of service and engagement
Authors: Headrick Jason 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCivic leadership programming can be found across the United States and allows individuals the opportunity to gain skills focused on engaging their local community, creating space for change and impact to occur, and developing civic agency, a practice of working together across differences. This work describes civic leadership understanding, an examination of Generation Z characteristics, and provides a description of the Civic Leadership Academy at one university. The results of a 3‐year longitudinal series of phenomenological focus groups identify student‐derived themes that set a definition of civic leadership: catalyst of social awareness and change, bridging people and passions, and developing a culture of service. In addition, they identify barriers to service and provide strategies to challenge these barriers through curricular and co‐curricular programs.
Foundational Leadership and Organizational Wellness (FLOW) Model: Designing leadership learning for individuals and organizations
Authors: Juarez Freddy , Pernier Jarred , Devies Brittany 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article shares the foundational leadership and organizational wellness (FLOW) model, which is a leadership development model that seeks to better understand the relationship between individual leadership development and organizational development and wellness. The model is presented as a whole, followed by deep exploration by each piece of the model undergirded in existing scholarship and practical discussion throughout. Implications for practice and future research are shared to conclude the article.
Leadership and bisexuality: Dually occurring processes of identity development
Authors: Pacheco Derrick Raphael , DeMarse Ashton R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWith the growing importance of identity development, it is important to see the intersections that occur with one's identity as both a leader and as bisexual. Leader identity and bisexual identity development can occur in tandem, with critical moments influencing both dually occurring identity development processes. By understanding the need that the field of leadership education has to explore the development of bisexual leaders and leadership educators, the authors discuss the need to center minoritized identities in our scholarship and practice within the field.
Binary black holes and quantum off-shell recursion
Authors: Cho Kyoungho , Kim Kwangeon , Lee Kanghoon 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The quantum off-shell recursion provides an efficient and universal computational tool for loop-level scattering amplitudes. In this work, we present a new comprehensive computational framework based on the quantum off-shell recursion for binary black hole systems. Using the quantum perturbiner method, we derive the recursions and solve them explicitly up to two-loop order. We introduce an indicator that enables straightforward distinguishing diagrams and deriving integral families in the context of off-shell recursions. By employing the soft expansion technique, we remove irrelevant terms from the loop integrands and express them in terms of master integrals. We classify the one-loop and the two-loop classical diagrams, and their loop integrands are represented by linear combinations of the master integrals. Finally, we explicitly calculate the classical scalar 2 → 2 amplitudes in the potential region up to the 3PM order and reproduce the known results.
Adults in the room? The auditor and dividends in small firms: evidence from a natural experiment
Authors: Lyngstadås Hakim , Mauritzen Johannes 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe examine the effect of auditing on dividends in small private firms. We hypothesize that auditing can constrain dividends by way of promoting accounting conservatism. We use register data on private Norwegian firms and random variation induced by the introduction of a policy allowing small private firms to forgo the use of an auditor to estimate the effect of auditing on dividend payout. Identification is obtained by a regression discontinuity around the arbitrary thresholds for the policy. Propensity score matching is used to create a balanced synthetic control. We consistently find that forgoing auditing led to a significant increase in dividends in small private firms.