bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Providing a model for validation of the assessment system of internal medicine residents based on Kane's framework
Authors: Poudeh Mostafa Dehghani , Mohammadi Aeen , Mojtahedzadeh Rita , Yamani Nikoo , Delavar Ali 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Kane's validity framework examines the validity of the interpretation of a test at the four levels of scoring, generalization, extrapolation, and implications. No model has been yet proposed to use this framework particularly for a system of assessment. This study provided a model for the validation of the internal medicine residents’ assessment system, based on the Kane's framework.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Through a five stages study, first, by reviewing the literature, the methods used, and the study challenges, in using Kane's framework, were extracted. Then, possible assumptions about the design and implementation of residents’ tests and the proposed methods for their validation at each of their four inferences of Kane's validity were made in the form of two tables. Subsequently, in a focus group session, the assumptions and proposed validation methods were reviewed. In the fourth stage, the opinions of seven internal medicine professors were asked about the results of the focus group. Finally, the assumptions and the final validation model were prepared.

RESULTS:
The proposed tables were modified in the focus group. The validation table was developed consisting of tests, used at each Miller's pyramid level. The results were approved by five professors of the internal medicine. The final table has five rows, respectively, as the levels of Knows and Knows How, Shows How, Shows, Does, and the fifth one for the final scores of residents. The columns of the table demonstrate the necessary measures for validation at the four levels of inferences of Kane's framework.

CONCLUSION:
The proposed model ensures the validity of the internal medicine specialty residency assessment system based on Kane's framework, especially at the implication level.
Internet addiction, mental health, and sleep quality in students of medical sciences, Iran
Authors: Arzani-Birgani Arezo , Zarei Javad , Favaregh Leila , Ghanaatiyan Erfaneh 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Internet addiction (IA) is a severe problem, especially in academic communities. The association between IA and unfavorable emotional conditions (e.g., anxiety, stress, and depression) can harm students’ relationships and academic and career performance. The present study evaluated (a) the prevalence of IA in a sample of medical sciences university students; (b) the association between IA and depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep disorders; and (c) the association between demographic characteristics and IA, depression, anxiety, and stress.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 268 students from Abadan University of Medical Sciences were selected using Morgan Table. The participants responded to the Young Internet Addiction Test, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-42, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, and least significant difference.

RESULTS:
The mean score of IA was 45.65 ± 35.40. IA was found to be significantly related to depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep disorders (except for sleep disturbance) (P < 0.001). Males were found to be more likely than females to suffer from IA, depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep disorders. Furthermore, age was inversely related to IA, depression, and stress. Finally, medical sciences students suffered from depression, anxiety, and stress more than students majoring in other fields.

CONCLUSIONS:
The simultaneous occurrence of IA and depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep disorders in students indicates that IA is associated with other psychological problems. Therefore, researchers and policymakers need to identify preventive measures to help internet-addicted students.
Reconstruction of individual, social, and professional life
Authors: Mohsenizadeh Seyed Mostafa , Manzari Zahra Sadat , Vossoughinia Hassan , Ebrahimipour Hossein 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) experience wide range of physical and psychological problems experience. The use of strategies to improve disease management by patients is of has special importance in solving these problems. The aim of present study was to discover the strategies and behaviors of patients to manage their disease.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The present study was conducted with a qualitative research approach and a qualitative content analysis method. The research participants included 20 patients with IBD referred to gastrointestinal wards in 2020 in Mashhad. Data were collected through unstructured interviews and purposeful sampling method and continued until data saturation. Data analysis was performed continuously and simultaneously with data collection and comparatively.

RESULTS:
Data analysis provided five themes of “Improving self-efficacy and problem-solving skills,” “Coexistence with disease,” “Reviewing and modifying of interactions,” “Adjusting job and professional conditions” and “Commitment to self-care.” The combination of these concepts indicated that is the main theme in disease management for these patients.

CONCLUSIONS:
Reconstruction of individual, social, and professional life can improve self-regulation and problem-solving skills in these patients and make them a sense of control on their lives and disease.
Evaluation of participatory learning approach for developing competency of human immunodeficiency virus risk assessment skills among MBBS undergraduate students
Authors: Ali Syed Irfan , Begum Jarina , Lalitha D. Lakshmi , Kamath M. Ganesh , Sethi Rajesh Kumar , Behera Aruna Rani 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
An Indian medical graduate needs to be competent in the diagnosis and management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. This is crucial in terms of occupational safety. A participatory learning approach could be a possible way to change behavior and improve HIV risk assessment skills among medical students for better occupational safety and health care. The present study was planned to identify the need, provide different learning experiences for acquiring competency, and compare the effectiveness of participatory learning over traditional in developing HIV risk assessment skills.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
An educational interventional (randomized controlled trial) was carried out at GEMS and Hospital. Needs assessment survey was conducted, which identified HIV risk assessment as a key competency. For which the outcome-specific learning objectives were defined, two different learning experiences were employed. A pretest was conducted to assess the baseline knowledge and attitude (n = 92); they were then divided into two equal groups (A and B). “A” group was taught by participatory approach, whereas “B” by traditional techniques followed by posttest and objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) to assess their HIV risk assessment skills. Statistical analysis: Paired t-test for assessing knowledge and attitude within the same group and unpaired t-test for assessing skills between the two groups were used in this study.

RESULTS:
Statistically significant improvement (P < 0.001) in knowledge and attitude scores was noticed that OSCE scores were significantly higher in the intervention group “A” (P < 0.001) as compared to “B” taught by traditional techniques.

CONCLUSION:
Participatory learning effectively builds upon existing knowledge and attitude to develop better HIV risk assessment skills.
A questionnaire-based study to develop an instrument measuring poor interest in biostatistics among postgraduate medical students and faculties
Authors: Roy Uttam Kumar , Biswas Pabitra , Mandal Purnendu 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
It has been realized by senior researchers that interest in biostatistics is very poor among medical professionals. Knowledge of biostatistics plays an important role in medical research. Studies conducted about knowledge, attitude toward biostatistics by many researchers, but there were no works about factors in relation to it. Considering this gap, we tried to develop a new instrument.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Item generation and questionnaire formation were done using focus group discussion involving seven experts from different departments of medical colleges. Face validity and content validity and pilot testing were carried out step by step. In estimating reliability, internal consistency measured after collecting data from 66 study participants. Data were collected through self-administered paper-based questionnaire where response in each item was in five-point Likert scale. Cronbach's alpha for reliability analysis was used.

RESULTS:
In first stage, item generation through FGD, then face validity was assessed by senior faculties. Content validity was checked by Aiken's V index. In initial stages, with six items, Cronbach's alpha was 0.805. Scale mean and variance were 24.24 and 27.26. After final reliability testing, it became 0.866 with four items where scale mean and variance came to 15.85 and 16.38.

CONCLUSION:
All the six items were important factors. Reliability improved when knowledge in statistics in higher secondary level and biostatistics classes in PG course were eliminated as factors. More qualitative research is needed for better understanding of this concept.
Homemade food, alcohol, and body weight
Authors: Mazza Elisa , Ferro Yvelise , Pujia Roberta , Maurotti Samantha , Montalcini Tiziana , Pujia Arturo 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) lockdown has caused significant changes in everyday life. This study evaluated the effect of the COVID-19 quarantine on dietary and alcohol consumption habits and body weight of Italian university students.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
An online cross-sectional survey was carried out among university students than 18 years in July 2020. The online self-administered questionnaire included demographic and anthropometric data (reported weight and height), weight, and dietary habits changes during of the COVID-19 lockdown.

RESULTS:
A total of 520 respondents have been included in the study. A total of 393 (~76%) were female, 3.8% was obese, and the mean age was 23 ± 4 years. Numerous students reported a change in their eating habits during the lockdown with an increase in consumption of chocolate (40%), ice cream, and desserts (34%), but most of all an increase of homemade bread and pasta (60%), pizza (47%), and homemade sweets (55%). The students also reported an increase of vegetables, fresh fruit, legumes, eggs, and coffee, but also of processed meat, fried foods, cheeses, butter, and sweet beverage, and a reduction in alcohol intake. The weight gain was observed in 43.8%, and males have greater weight gain than females (57% vs. 46%, respectively; P = 0.04). A greater increase in body weight was observed in obese as compared to those with normal weight (77% vs. 44%, respectively; P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Our data highlighted the need for dietary guidelines to prevent weight gain during the period of self-isolation, especially targeting those with overweight and obesity.
A nationwide cross-sectional study to assess the impact of COVID-19 on surgical residency programs in India
Authors: Talwar Harkirat Singh , Narain Tushar Aditya , Panwar Vikas Kumar , Mittal Ankur , Mandal Arup Kumar 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
The COVID-19 pandemic with its plenitude of hardships has been a challenge for residents in training. Besides the fear of contracting the disease, the complete reconfiguration of hospital services has severely affected the surgical residency programs across India. The current study highlights the lacunae that have arisen in the residency programs and design appropriate solutions to reframe the remaining part of the surgical training.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The present study is an observational study based on a questionnaire survey done in November 2020 aimed at gauging the mood and perspective of residents across India pursuing surgical residency programs on how the pandemic has impacted various domains of their residency namely surgical training, clinical skills, research, academic curriculum, and mental health. The analysis was performed using an Internet-based program.

RESULTS:
Seventy-eight percent of residents felt that they have lost crucial months of surgical training. Impact on clinical skills was reported by 73.9% of residents. Almost half of the residents (49.1%) believed that there has been a definite increase in research activities and 81.7% believed that the academic curriculum was affected during the past 6 months. Furthermore, 86% of respondents admitted to have had a profound impact on their mental health as a result of the pandemic.

CONCLUSION:
Formulating reform policies in the current residency programs is paramount to train the current and future generation of surgeons. Whereas personal safety and wellness of the residents is paramount during these times, residency training via digital medical education and various other innovative ways needs to continue.
The role of Saudi women in crisis management within the family
Authors: Bin Shalhoub Haifa Abdulrahman , Hammad Mohammad Ahmed 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Women play a pivotal role in managing crises and diminishing their serious consequences both in the family and society. In the first place, the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the most severe crises in the world. Accordingly, many precautionary measures have been taken in many countries, including Saudi Arabia, such as border closures, lack of movement, and quarantine procedures, leading to an unprecedented impact on the daily lifestyle, and contributing significantly to increasing pressures on women because of her multiroles in family and work. This study aims at identifying the role of women in managing family crises during COVID-19.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. An online survey was conducted using self-designed electronic questionnaire consisting knowledge about the role of Saudi women in managing family during COVID-19 crises. The questionnaire was applied to 324 Saudi working women in Riyadh and Najran, with an average age of 33 years.

RESULTS:
The results indicate that the role of Saudi women during the COVID-19 crisis was approximately 82%. Moreover, results showed that the prevalence of the social, psychological, and professional role of Saudi women during crisis was 82.24%, 83.40%, and 78.80%, respectively, which indicates the importance of the role of Saudi women in managing family crises during COVID-19.

CONCLUSION:
Based on these results, the study emphasizes the importance of urging responsible persons to provide a package of rescue and stimulus, including social protection measures. Furthermore, it empowers Saudi women in all sectors of society and provides them with all means of support to help them achieve their mandated role in society generally and in their families particularly.
The effectiveness of two evaluation techniques in the clinical education field
Authors: Mohamadirizi Shahla , Yazdannik Ahmadreza , Mohamadi Marjan , Omid Athar 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Paying attention to students’ opinions and suggestions on existing evaluation methods and new methods of evaluation is an essential and important part of clinical education, so this study aimed at determining the effectiveness of two evaluation techniques satisfaction among undergraduate nursing students.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This was a quasi-experimental study conducted on 60 undergraduate nursing students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2019. There were 30 samples in each group (logbook and e-logbook) that were selected by convenience sampling method. the Android application (e-logbook) was used in the intervention group to evaluate the clinical skills of students. The User Satisfaction Questionnaire was conducted by undergraduate nursing students. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 14 and descriptive statistical tests.

RESULTS:
The results showed that the mean (standard deviation) overall score of satisfaction from both evaluation methods including logbook and e-logbook was 39.7 (9.4) and 47.7 (12.2), respectively. Also satisfaction score of the evaluation method was significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.03).

CONCLUSION:
According to the results of the present study, the use of new and active methods of evaluation, including the application of e-logbook, can be useful in evaluating nursing students and cause student satisfaction, so using the application is useful.
Effect of smartphone-based education on knowledge and self-care of reproductive health in married students
Authors: Vanestanagh Azam Karimi , Farshbaf-Khalili Azizeh , Esmaeilpour Khalil , Jafarabadi Mohammad Asghari , Jahdi Niloufar Sattarzadeh 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Education by smartphone-based software is a new method among the world's educational practices. Due to the lack of studies on the effect of this education on promoting knowledge and self-care behaviors of students’ reproductive health this study aimed to determine the effect of smartphone-based software education on knowledge and self-care behaviors in the field of reproductive health.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This RCT with 164 married female students (82 in each group) conducted from October 2019 to January 2020, in Tabriz University and Tabriz medical University. Participants were randomly allocated to two groups of educational intervention and control. Smartphone-based software education designed in four areas of reproductive health. Intervention group was trained for 4 weeks. The score of knowledge and self-care behaviors of participants in both groups were compared at baseline and 8 weeks after intervention. Data were analyzed by SPSS-23 software using Chi-square, independent t-tests, and analysis of covariance tests.

RESULTS:
Eight weeks after the intervention, a significant increase was observed in the mean (standard deviation [SD]) score of overall knowledge for reproductive health and all its subdomains (P < 0.001), as well as in in the mean (SD) self-care score of reproductive health and all subdomains (P < 0.05), except for the family planning in the education group compared to the control group.

CONCLUSION:
The findings indicate a significant effect of smartphone-based software on increasing students’ knowledge and self-care in all areas of reproductive health except for family planning subdomain of self-care.
Learning with lockdown
Authors: Doddaiah Sunil Kumar , Kulkarni Praveen , Mohandas Aparna , Murthy M. R. Narayana 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Following the COVID-19 pandemic, the Government of India announced lockdown from March 25, 2020, which included measures such as social distancing, canceling mass gatherings, and closure of schools and colleges. Since the present generation of students spends a lot of time on social media, especially WhatsApp, the utility of the same to discuss the various public health domains of COVID-19 through multiple-choice questions (MCQs) was explored.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This longitudinal study was conducted among 154 participants (undergraduates, interns, postgraduates, and teaching faculty) for 3 months. MCQs on COVID-19 were disseminated through WhatsApp status of the investigator, and feedback regarding the same was taken at the end of 3 months. The activity log was maintained, and the information was downloaded as a comma-separated value (CSV) file and exported to MS Excel. Descriptive statistics were applied. The location of the participants was entered into the Microsoft Excel sheet and converted into CSV file. The Geographical data were analyzed in the Quantum Geographical information System (QGIS).

RESULTS:
Among the 154 study participants, 48% were undergraduates, 10.4% were interns, 30.6% were postgraduates, and 11% were teaching faculty. Eighty-nine percent of the participants felt that WhatsApp can be used as a platform for discussing MCQs. 89%, 93%, and 89.6% of the participants felt that the exercise improved their analytical skills, helped in self-directed learning, and improved collaborative learning, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
Majority of the participants responded that WhatsApp can be used as a platform to discuss MCQs and that the exercise helped in collaborative and self-directed learning.
Collaborative method consisting lecture, problem-based learning and weblog for clinical courses of medical students in comparison with lecture method
Authors: Sharifzadeh Masoumeh , Agah Jila , Khosravi Ahmad , Samadi Shahram , Davari Sani Seyd Javad 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Lecture is a common teaching method, which is not considered efficient for the development of critical and intellectual acquisition in the students of clinical courses. Although in theory combined methods are known acceptable, in practice, they are not commonly applicable. The present study aimed to compare the combination of problem-based learning (PBL), weblogs, and lectures with lecture alone to achieve an advantageous teaching method for clinical courses.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 63 medical students (5th year) taking obstetrics and gynecology clinical courses at Sabzevar University of medical sciences, Iran. The participants were selected via census sampling. Based on the Student's number and using the random number table, the students were randomly assigned to two groups of interventions. The exclusion criteria were unwillingness to participate and absence for more than two sessions. Initially, the similarity of obstetrics and gynecology knowledge in both groups was confirmed based on a pretest (P > 0.05). A conventional lecture was performed for both groups. In the intervention group (B), the researcher asked each student (32 persons) to provide a case/problem from mentioned subjects outside the class concerning the given lecture and upload it to the lecturer's weblog to show commonalty. In the next session, the presented cases were initially discussed, and another lecture was carried out. Finally, two methods were compared through identical theoretical and practical exams and scored based on a Likert scale using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed in SPSS 19 using t-test and Chi-square at the significance level of P < 0.05.

Results:
Group B achieved higher grades in the scientific exams (P < 0.001), especially in the domains of perception, learning and memorizing of subjects, motivation, and communication with the classmates and tutor (P = 010). Therefore, satisfaction was higher in the intervention group compared to the control group (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:
The training of pensive, creative, and active experts for the future of medicine requires the combination of new collaborative methods with lectures, which are undoubtedly effective learning techniques. According to the results, PBL and weblogs could be invaluable for the improvement of students’ knowledge, as well as the relations between tutors and students.