bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors contributing to the successful development of cyber safety education for foundation phase children: a systematic literature review
Authors: Gcaza Noluxolo , Thomson Kerry-Lynn 
Published: February 2025

Purpose
Given the increasing importance of digital literacy and safety for young children, identifying key factors that contribute to effective education in this area is essential. The purpose of this paper is to establish the criteria for ensuring the effectiveness of cyber safety education for children in the foundation phase, focusing on the factors and conditions necessary to achieve desired outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a systematic literature review. The research question addressed is: What are the key factors and criteria necessary for developing effective cyber safety education programmes for children in the foundation phase?

Findings
The systematic review identified 15 themes: interactive delivery, developmental needs, individual needs, content specificity, impact, positive language, contextualisation, assessment and feedback, continuous improvement, stakeholder engagement, participant buy-in, research-based content, legal alignment, pedagogy and resources. These were synthesised into six main categories.

Originality/value
This study is original in its focus on establishing specific criteria tailored to young children. By systematically reviewing existing literature, it uniquely addresses the need for age-appropriate, engaging, and contextual educational strategies. The findings will provide guidelines for the development of targeted cyber safety programmes, filling a critical gap in early childhood digital literacy.
Hypoxia‐Inducible Factor 1 Alpha Potentiates Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Expression of IL‐13 and IL‐33 in Mast Cells Under Hypoxia
Authors: Chiba Norika , Ohnishi Tomokazu , Matsuguchi Tetsuya 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTLipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an exacerbating factor for allergic airway inflammation at least partly due to the activation of mast cells (MCs). LPS stimulates MCs to express both pro‐inflammatory and type 2 cytokines, among which interleukin (IL)‐13 is essential for the generation of allergic diseases. LPS also induces the expression of “alarmins” such as IL‐25, IL‐33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) from various cell types including epithelial cells, and increased serum IL‐33 levels were reported to correlate with disease severity of asthma. MCs reside in peripheral tissues where the oxygen concentration is significantly lower than that in the air and further decreased by inflammation and bronchoconstriction in asthma. However, the effects of hypoxia on LPS‐induced cytokine expression in MCs have not been fully elucidated. Here we show that LPS induces Il4, Il6, Il13, Il33, Tnf, and Tslp mRNAs in MCs. Notably, hypoxia robustly enhanced expressions of Il13 and Il33, but not the other cytokines in LPS‐stimulated MCs. We also found that this promotive effect is dependent on the presence of hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) 1α protein. Our study will provide new insight on the role of MCs in the LPS‐associated pathogenesis of allergic diseases.
Making the spoons last longer: Parents' views on flexischooling with their child with special educational needs
Authors: Lawrence Clare 
Published: February 2025

AbstractFlexischooling—the sharing of a child's education between home and school through formal agreement—is one of a range of ‘alternative’ education approaches that may adapt education to meet a child's special educational needs. This study considers qualitative data from an online survey conducted during November and December 2023 regarding parents' reasons for undertaking flexischooling with their child, and the activities they describe their children undertaking during school hours. Findings suggest that parents are concerned about the challenges that they feel their child faces in full‐time school, but that they also perceive advantages, both social and academic, to the ‘not‐school’ element of the educational approach they are undertaking. Consideration of the potential for flexischooling to support parents as they learn about their child's ever‐changing needs is discussed.
Cultural omnivorousness of young people in Japan, South Korea, and the United States—using latent class analysis
Authors: Kijima Yoshimasa 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn this study, we examine the relationship between young people's musical tastes and demographic variables using data from an international comparative survey of Japan, South Korea, and the United States (US). A feature of this study is the analysis of the characteristics of cultural omnivorousness in each country and the factors that determine it. Most studies of cultural omnivorousness have focused on the West. This study's analysis of Japan and South Korea provides valuable insights. The results show that, first, the symbolic boundary separating omnivores from univores in each country is rock and urban in Japan, anime songs and rock in South Korea, and anime songs and K‐pop in the US. In general, there is a preference for genres that are removed from the musical culture of one's own country; when this is the case, omnivorousness has an affinity with a cosmopolitan orientation. Second, in Japan, South Korea, and the US, people who like a wide variety of music genres tend to be more confident in their own musical tastes. This suggests that omnivores are not culturally tolerant. In other words, the omnivore selects music with a distinctive aesthetic sense that seems to be consistent with the characteristics of emerging cultural capital. Third, in terms of the factors that define cultural omnivorousness, socioeconomic factors such as father's educational background and living arrangements have an influence in South Korea and the US, but no such influence is confirmed in Japan. This trend may be specific to young people in Japan.
Diagnostic Uptake of Targeted Sequencing in Adults With Steatotic Liver Disease and a Suspected Genetic Contribution
Authors: Ronzoni Luisa , Pelusi Serena , Moretti Vittoria , Malvestiti Francesco , Eidgah Torghabehei Hadi , Jamialahmadi Oveis , Rondena Jessica , Bianco Cristiana , Periti Giulia , Filippo Maria Rosaria De , Romeo Stefano , Prati Daniele , Valenti Luca 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsIn patients with steatotic liver diseases (SLD), genetic factors may account for severe liver involvement despite mild or absence of triggering factors or a strong family history. Aim of this study was to examine the diagnostic uptake of targeted sequencing (TS), covering both coding and non‐coding regions, of a broad panel of 82 liver and lipid metabolism genes in patients with unexplained SLD.MethodsWe enrolled 49 adult patients with SLD and a suspected genetic contribution. Genetic variants were detected through a customised TS panel, whereas the contribution of common genetic variation to the individual susceptibility to SLD was captured by a polygenic risk score (SLD‐PRS).ResultsA diagnosis of rare Mendelian disorder was established in 11 patients (22%), independently of age or family history. Rare variants possibly contributing to clinical phenotype were detected in additional 29 patients (59%). Increased SLD‐PRS values were detected in 17 patients (35%), enabling an increase in diagnostic uptake of 24%, especially in those without a strong family history (p = 0.03). Genetic diagnosis allowed refinement of clinical management in 23 (47%) patients.ConclusionsThe diagnostic uptake of TS was 22% for Mendelian disorder and 59% for possible contribution to clinical phenotype in selected adult patients with SLD. Evaluation of common variants, as captured by SLD‐PRS, yields complementary information increasing the overall utility of the genetic examination.
Structural Variants Contribute to Phenotypic Variation in Maize
Authors: Catlin Nathan S. , Agha Husain I. , Platts Adrian E. , Munasinghe Manisha , Hirsch Candice N. , Josephs Emily B. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTComprehensively identifying the loci shaping trait variation has been challenging, in part because standard approaches often miss many types of genetic variants. Structural variants (SVs), especially transposable elements (TEs), are likely to affect phenotypic variation but we lack methods that can detect polymorphic SVs and TEs using short‐read sequencing data. Here, we used a whole genome alignment between two maize genotypes to identify polymorphic SVs and then genotyped a large maize diversity panel for these variants using short‐read sequencing data. After characterising SV variation in the panel, we identified SV polymorphisms that are associated with life history traits and genotype‐by‐environment (GxE) interactions. While most of the SVs associated with traits contained TEs, only two of the SVs had boundaries that clearly matched TE breakpoints indicative of a TE insertion, while the other polymorphisms were likely caused by deletions. One of the SVs that appeared to be caused by a TE insertion had the most associations with gene expression compared to other trait‐associated SVs. All of the SVs associated with traits were in linkage disequilibrium with nearby single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), suggesting that the approach used here did not identify unique associations that would have been missed in a SNP association study. Overall, we have (1) created a technique to genotype SV polymorphisms across a large diversity panel using support from genomic short‐read sequencing alignments and (2) connected this presence/absence SV variation to diverse traits and GxE interactions.
Measuring differences in the ERG in myopia using the RETeval device with skin electrodes
Authors: Stapley Victoria , Anderson Roger S. , Saunders Kathryn , Mulholland Pádraig J. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIntroductionPrevious research suggests that the electroretinogram (ERG) is reduced and delayed in non‐pathological myopia. However, the invasive nature of the electrode and cumbersome equipment required has prevented the widescale uptake of ERG measures. This study investigated whether previously reported changes to the ERG response in myopia are also observable when measured using non‐invasive skin electrodes and a hand‐held ERG device.MethodMonocular flash ERGs were measured using the RETeval® device according to the ‘ISCEV 6 Step Dark First cd’ protocol in 46 participants with non‐pathological myopia (spherical equivalent refraction [SER] −0.50 to −11.25 D, median −3.75 D, median axial length [AL] 25.4 mm) and 47 non‐myopic controls (SER +2.00 to −0.25 D, median +1.00 D, median AL 23.6 mm). Measures were performed under pupil mydriasis with Sensor Strip skin electrodes.ResultsThe median implicit time for all dark‐adapted (DA) components was longer among myopes. Following Holm‐Bonferroni correction, this difference reached statistical significance (p < 0.05) for the DA 3.0 A‐wave, DA 10.0 A‐wave and B‐waves, and DA Oscillatory potentials 1 and 2. There were no significant differences between median light‐adapted (LA) implicit times nor response amplitudes between refractive groups. For all DA components, there was a significant, positive correlation between AL and implicit time (all p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe RETeval®, used with skin electrodes, did not detect the reduction in ERG amplitude reported in myopic eyes using traditional ERG setups, potentially due to high inter‐subject variability and/or anatomical confounders associated with the use of a skin electrode. The RETeval® with skin electrodes did detect subtle delays to DA implicit times previously reported in myopia, with a positive relationship observed between AL and implicit time for all DA components. In contrast, no significant differences were observed for LA implicit times, which may indicate underlying differences in the dark‐adaptation process and/or scotopic visual pathways in myopia.
Signals of eV-scale sterile neutrino at long baseline neutrino experiments
Authors: Parveen Sabila , Sharma Kiran , Patra Sudhanwa , Mehta Poonam 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
While most of the results of the neutrino oscillation experiments can be accommodated within the standard paradigm of three active flavors, there are tantalizing hints of an eV-scale sterile neutrino from anomalous results of a few short baseline experiments. This additional light sterile neutrino is expected to leave an imprint on the physics observables pertaining to standard unknowns such as determination of the Dirac-type leptonic CP phase,

$$\delta _{13},$$

δ
13

,

the question of neutrino mass hierarchy and the octant of

$$\theta _{23}.$$

θ
23

.

The upcoming long baseline neutrino experiments such as T2HK, DUNE and P2O will be sensitive to active – sterile mixing. In the present work, we examine and assess the capability of these long baseline experiments to probe the sterile neutrino at the level of probabilities and event rates. We perform a detailed study by taking into account the values of parameters that are presently allowed and (a) study the impact on CP violation by examining the role played by various appearance and disappearance channels, (b) address the question of disentangling the intrinsic effects from extrinsic effects in the standard paradigm as well as three active plus one light sterile neutrino, and finally (c) assess the ability of these long baseline experiments to distinguish between the two scenarios. Our results indicate that for the true values of sterile parameters and for all values of

$$\delta _{13},$$

δ
13

,

the sensitivity of P2O is the lowest while the sensitivity of T2HK is modest

$$(<3\,\sigma )$$

(
<
3

σ
)

and the sensitivity of DUNE is

$$> 3\,\sigma .$$

>
3

σ
.

For larger values of the sterile mixing angles, there is an improvement in the sensitivity for all the three considered experiments.
A superfluid dark matter cosmic string wake
Authors: Favero Aline , Brandenberger Robert 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We study the effects of superfluid dark matter on the structure of a cosmic string wake, considering both the effects of regular and quantum pressure terms. We consider the total fluid to consist of a combination of baryons and dark matter. Hence, we are also able to study the effects of superfluid dark matter on the distribution of baryons inside the wake. We focus on parameter values for the superfluid dark matter which allow a MONDian explanation of galaxy rotation curves.
Combining Molecular Interaction and Physical Anchoring Effect to Achieve Ultra-High Adhesion Electroless Copper Plating on Glass Substrates
Authors: Yang Pei-Qing , Wu Yi-Ting , Wei Tzu-Chien 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
High-adhesion metallization on glass substrates has consistently been one of the technical challenges in using glass as the substrate in high-performance integrated circuit (IC) carriers. To improve the adhesion of electroless copper layers on glass substrates, this study developed a nano-palladium catalyst capped with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) as a self-adsorbing activator for electroless copper deposition, paired with a thin porous titanium dioxide (TiO2) adhesion-promoting layer. This approach successfully increases the adhesion strength of the electroless copper layer to 1392 gf/cm, significantly exceeding the practical target value of 500 gf/cm. Experimental and analytical results confirm that the high adhesion is due to the formation of Si-O-Ti bonds between APTES-Pd and TiO2, allowing the electroless copper to firmly deposit on the TiO2. Additionally, the porous TiO2 layer provided extra physical anchoring, further enhancing the adhesion.
The Impact of Cervical Laminoplasty and Cervical Foraminotomy on Axial Neck Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kim Andrew H. , Avendano John P. , Greenberg Marc , Pathiravasan Chathurangi H. , Skolasky Richard L. , Gupta Mihir , Lee Sang Hun 
Published: February 2025

Study Design Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Objectives We analyzed patient-reported outcomes (PROs) focused on axial neck pain following cervical laminoplasty (CL) and foraminotomy (CF) for symptomatic cervical spondylosis to determine whether motion-preserving procedures targeting compressive radiculopathy/myelopathy also provide relief of axial neck pain and to investigate risk factors for persistent postoperative axial neck pain. Methods The PubMed and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched for articles published from 2014 to 2023 describing pain-related outcomes following CL and CF. Data regarding PROs, reoperation rates, and risk factors for postoperative axial neck pain were also collected. Results Thirty studies met inclusion criteria for analysis. There were 2499 cases (2129 CL and 370 CF) with mean ages of 63.2 and 59.3 years for CL and CF, respectively. CL patients had improved mean postoperative visual analogue scale and neck disability index (NDI) scores compared to preoperative values, with mean differences of −1.97 (CI -2.52, −1.42; P < 0.0001) and −12.27 (CI −15.01, −9.54; P < 0.0001), respectively. CF patients had improved mean postoperative NDI scores compared to preoperative values, with mean difference of −15.15 (CI −23.79, −6.50; P = 0.0064). Presence of anterolisthesis, loss of cervical muscle volume, diabetes, age, and regional malalignment are independent predictors of postoperative axial neck pain. Conclusions Motion-sparing cervical decompressive surgery performed for compressive radiculopathy or myelopathy can also provide significant relief of axial neck pain, suggesting that preoperative axial neck pain is not an absolute contraindication to non-fusion decompressive surgery for degenerative cervical pathologies.
Do Remittances Mitigate Income Disparity in China and India? Evidence from Structural Break Regression Models
Authors: P Sakthivel , Kumarasamy Durairaj , A Vamsi Krushna 
Published: February 2025

Over the last few decades, India and China have received significant remittances from abroad. However, there is no clear evidence that these remittances positively or negatively impact income distribution. Therefore, this study explores the role of remittances in income inequality in China and India. This study also investigates the factors determining income inequality in two major emerging market economies. Using annual data from 1982 to 2021, this study applies structural break regression models for empirical investigation. The result reveals that remittances positively impacted income inequality until the early 2000s but are statistically insignificant. However, remittances have had a reducing effect on inequalities in recent years for both economies. The results also show that financial development, per capita income and the internationalisation of trade positively contribute to inequality in both countries. In contrast, FDI reduces inequality in China and increases in India. Given the varying impact of remittances on income inequality, this study offers several policy implications for China and India. JEl Classification: E22, E25, F21, F43
Tobacco and household expenditure in Egypt: insights into socioeconomic inequalities and spending profiles from the Household Income, Expenditure and Consumption Survey
Authors: Mostafa Aya , Hussein Rasha Saad 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Tobacco use deepens poverty. Egypt, a lower-middle income country, is one of the few countries worldwide where tobacco use is rising. However, no published study examined the adverse impacts of tobacco on the Egyptian household welfare, specifically after the first Egyptian Pound (EGP) devaluation by 80% in 2016. To address this gap and inform tobacco taxation policymaking, we aimed to provide evidence characterizing national household tobacco expenditure in Egypt.

Methods
We conducted a secondary analysis of the 2017/2018 Household Income, Expenditure and Consumption Survey, focusing on the most used tobacco products in Egypt: cigarette and waterpipe tobacco. We identified the proportion and background characteristics of cigarette and waterpipe tobacco smoker households. We calculated household tobacco expenditure share as a proportion of total household expenditure. We compared mean household expenditure shares of 12 expenditure groups among smoker and nonsmoker households and examined the differences by income quintiles. We determined the factors associated with household tobacco expenditure. Descriptive, bivariable, and multivariable analyses were performed.

Results
Cigarette and waterpipe tobacco smokers were present in 41.1% and 7.0% of 12,845 households, respectively. Annual household expenditure on cigarettes (10.7%) was triple that of waterpipe tobacco (3.4%) (p < 0.001). Smoker households spent less than nonsmoker households on virtually all expenditure groups (p < 0.001). The poorest income quintile spent 11.1% of its total expenditure on tobacco (1.26 times higher than the richest, p = 0.006). More waterpipe tobacco than cigarette smoker households lived below the poverty line (40.6% versus 24.4%, p < 0.001). Cigarette smoker households spent less on food and housing but more on tobacco than waterpipe tobacco smoker households. The poorest cigarette and waterpipe tobacco smoker households spent 7.0-9.7 times as much on tobacco as on education. Common independent factors associated with higher household expenditure on cigarettes and waterpipe tobacco were urban residence (p = 0.011 and p = 0.015, respectively), and lower income (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
In 2017/2018, one-tenth of Egyptian smoker household’s expenditure was allocated to tobacco, disproportionately concentrated among the poorest. Our results preliminarily indicate that tobacco expenditure is associated with potential compromises of varying extent in almost all other expenditures in smoker households. This baseline profiling of household tobacco expenditure can potentially inform an evidence-based tobacco taxation policy, supporting the reduction of tobacco-associated socioeconomic inequalities.
Prevalence of malaria and associated factors among febrile cases attending in Soyama Health Centre, Burji Special Woreda, Southern Ethiopia: a retrospective and an institution-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Tseha Sintayhu Tsegaye , Keshere Dawit , Aberar Temam 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Burji special Woreda is one of the malaria endemic areas in Southern Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of malaria and associated factors among febrile cases in Burji special Woreda.

Methods
Institutional based cross-sectional study conducted from November 2022 to January 2023. The trend of malaria prevalence was determined based on five years malaria retrospective data (2018–2022). Blood samples were collected from 317 suspected febrile cases to determine the prevalence of malaria in the study area. Thin and thick blood smears were prepared, stained with 10% Giemsa and examined under light microscope. The data on socio-demographic and other determinant factors were collected by interviewers administered pre-tested questionnaire for suspected febrile cases. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis were done using SPSS software version 20.

Results
Among febrile cases, 22.4% (71/317) were positive for malaria. Being male (P-value = 0.026), living in grass thatched house (P-value = 0.044), availability of mosquito breeding site around residents (p-value = 0.044) and not providing IRS regularly (p-value = 0.008) were significantly associated with Plasmodium infection. Based on five years retrospective data (2018–2022), the prevalence of malaria was 27.2% in the study area. The prevalence of malaria showed fluctuating trend between 2018 and 2022 in the study area. Malaria is still prevalent in Burji special Woreda and remains the major public health problems in study area. Interventions against malaria have to be strengthened in order to reduce the burden of malaria in Burji Special Woreda. Furthermore, continuous research on the magnitude of malaria and its associated factors is needed to eliminate the disease from the study area.