bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Particle Swarm Optimization for Milling Titanium Alloy
Authors: Escamilla I. , Torres L. , Gonzalez B. , Zambrano P. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTOptimum machining parameters are of great concern in manufacturing environments, where economy of machining operation plays a key role in competitiveness in the market. Many researchers have dealt with the optimization of machining parameters for milling operations. In this paper, optimization procedures based on particle swarm optimization algorithm are developed for find machining parameters in milling operation. It describes development and utilization of the methodology that determines optimum Pareto’s front analyzing feed, speed and depth for milling operation. The relationships between machining parameters and the performance measures of interest are obtained by using experimental data and a swarm intelligent neural network system. Results show that particle swarm optimization is an effective method for solving multi-objective optimization problems, and also, that an integrated system of neural networks and swarm intelligence can be used to solve complex machining optimization problems.
Radiation-Induced Sarcoma of the Breast: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sheth Grishma R. , Cranmer Lee D. , Smith Benjamin D. , Grasso-LeBeau Lauren , Lang Julie E. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Evaluate the level of evidence to inform decision making for the treatment radiation induced sarcoma of the breast.Explain diagnostic criteria for radiation-induced sarcoma.Describe the effectiveness of surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy for radiation induced sarcoma of the breast.
CME This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com

Introduction.
Radiation-induced sarcoma (RIS) is a rare, aggressive malignancy. Breast cancer survivors treated with radiotherapy constitute a large fraction of RIS patients. To evaluate evidenced-based practices for RIS treatment, we performed a systematic review of the published English-language literature.

Methods.
We performed a systematic keyword search of PubMed for original research articles pertaining to RIS of the breast. We classified and evaluated the articles based on hierarchal levels of scientific evidence.

Results.
We identified 124 original articles available for analysis, which included 1,831 patients. No randomized controlled trials involving RIS patients were found. We present the best available evidence for the etiology, comparative biology to primary sarcoma, prognostic factors, and treatment options for RIS of the breast.

Conclusion.
Although the evidence to guide clinical practice is limited to single institutional cohort studies, registry studies, case–control studies, and case reports, we applied the available evidence to address clinically relevant questions related to best practice in patient management. Surgery with widely negative margins remains the primary treatment of RIS. Unfortunately, the role of adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy remains uncertain. This systematic review highlights the need for additional well-designed studies to inform the management of RIS.
Managing floodplain‐forest restoration in European river landscapes combining ecological and flood‐protection issues
Authors: Leyer Ilona , Mosner Eva , Lehmann Boris 
Published: February 2012

Throughout Europe the demands for improved flood protection on the one hand and the requirements to maintain and enhance floodplain forests on the other are perceived as conflicting goals in river‐basin management, revealing the urgent need for strategies to combine both issues. We developed an interdisciplinary approach for floodplain‐forest restoration identifying sites suitable for reforestations from both an ecological and hydraulic point of view. In the ecological module, habitat‐distribution models are developed providing information on ecologically suitable sites. In the hydraulic module, a two‐dimensional hydrodynamic‐numerical model (2D‐HN model) delivers the requested hydraulic information. The output of the two models is intersected. Subsequently, in an iterative procedure, the potential of plantings without exceeding critical water levels can be identified by hydraulic evaluation using the 2D‐HN‐model. The approach is exemplified using two reforestation scenarios at the Elbe River, Germany, showing considerable potential for softwood forest establishment without negative hydraulic effects.The approach reported here provides a solution for a severe conflict in river‐basin management that hampers the reestablishment of the strongly threatened floodplain forests in Europe. Alternative measures to enhance floodplain‐forest regeneration feasible under certain preconditions are discussed in the context of the current state of European large rivers.
Use of a Three-Dimensional Three-Phase Pseudo Compositional Model (Tritricomp) for Simulating Volatile Oil and Gas Condensate Reservoirs
Authors: Philippe Quandalle , Alexandru Costa-Foru 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
This paper describes TRITRICOMP [1], a three dimensional, three phase numerical model for simulating petroleum reservoirs where interphase mass transfers are significant. The model utilizes equations of standard volume conservation for water, oil, and gas, and mass conservation for vapor-liquid hydrocarbon. For reservoir oil systems at pressure below the bubble-point pressure, PVT data are supposed to be functions of pressure, standard gas density, and a compositional parameter to reflect fluid composition changes resulting from contact between oil, liberated gas, gas-cap, and dry injection gas, in varying proportions. By tracking this time dependent parameter over the reservoir, fluid properties variations due to compositional variations are computed in the model with the aid of correlations obtained either from laboratory experiments, or from a fully compositional model with few cells, specifically designed for this purpose [2].
Special provisions are made to treat gas condensate systems below their dew point and reservoir oil systems above their bubble-point pressure (which is supposed to be time and space variable over the reservoir, and computed by the model).
Comparative runs of a 2D reservoir, made with this new model, are checked against those made with a fully compositional model [3] on the one hand, and those made with a conventional black oil model [4] on the other hand. It is showed that both the new and fully compositional models provide similar results which are however different from those obtained with conventional black oil models. Moreover, this new TRITRICOMP simulator runs as fast as a conventional black oil model i.e. several times faster than a fully compositional model.
Project Management – Fulmar Field
Authors: Innes G. 
Published: February 2012

Summary
North Sea oil field development projects rank with some of the costliest engineering tasks ever tackles, therefore good control is essential. This can be enhanced firstly by an appreciation of the uncertainties which underlie some of the basic assumptions such as those affecting reserves and field productivity; and secondly by the appointment of a task oriented project team responsible from the appraisal drilling phase through commissioning.
In the case of Fulmar an in-house management team of 95 people was established with about 170 more in the field at ten major fabrication sites. Although the project is still underway some fundamental observations can already be made.
Artificial Lift by Electric Submersible Pumps in Forties
Authors: Ross David M. , Spencer John A. , Stephen David D. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The North Sea Forties Field has been on production for five years. Reservoir performance predictions indicate that most wells will require artificial lift to maintain production at some part of their life. Of the artificial lift methods, electric submersible pumping appears to have considerable merit for use in the field. Electric submersible pumping requires minimal additional platform weight and power generation capacities.
This paper describes the approach taken in the first trial installation in Forties Alpha well FA 36. The completion design, choice and sizing of equipment is presented.
The electrical surface installation was designed as a prototype and not as a standard production unit, to give maximum information to assess areas for future development
Likelihood of Starting Dialysis after Incident Fistula Creation
Authors: Oliver Matthew J. , Quinn Robert R. , Garg Amit X. , Kim S. Joseph , Wald Ron , Paterson J. Michael 
Published: February 2012

Summary

Background and objectives
Guidelines promote early fistula creation to avoid central venous catheter use. This practice may lead to fistula creations in patients who never receive dialysis. The objective of this study was to estimate the risk of fistula nonuse with long-term follow-up.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Administrative health data identified 1929 predialysis adults who had their first fistula creation between April of 2002 and March of 2006. Patients were followed for a minimum of 2 years or until they began dialysis, received a kidney transplant, or died.

Results
The median follow-up times in patients who started dialysis, died without receiving dialysis, and remained in predialysis were 6.1, 11.5, and 38.7 months, respectively. Eighty-one percent of patients initiated dialysis; 9% of patients died without receiving dialysis, and 10% of patients remained predialysis. Forty percent of patients had their first fistula creation 3–12 months before initiating dialysis (the recommended window). Thirty percent were created within 90 days of starting dialysis; 30% were created more than 1 year before starting dialysis, and 10% were created more than 2 years before starting dialysis. Older patients, females, and patients with less comorbidity were not as likely to initiate dialysis after incident fistula creation.

Conclusions
Most patients who underwent fistula creation before starting dialysis eventually received dialysis with extended follow-up, but the risk was significantly modified by age, sex, and comorbidity. Many patients had fistula creations earlier or later than recommended.
A Cluster Randomized Trial of an Enhanced eGFR Prompt in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Manns Braden , Tonelli Marcello , Culleton Bruce , Faris Peter , McLaughlin Kevin , Chin Rick , Gooch Katherine , McAlister Finlay A. , Taub Ken , Thorlacius Laurel , Krause Richard , Kearns Monica , Hemmelgarn Brenda 
Published: February 2012

Summary

Background and objectives
Despite reporting estimated GFR (eGFR), use of evidence-based interventions in CKD remains suboptimal. This study sought to determine the effect of an enhanced eGFR laboratory prompt containing specific management recommendations, compared with standard eGFR reporting in CKD.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
A cluster randomized trial of a standard or enhanced eGFR laboratory prompt was performed in 93 primary care practices in Alberta, Canada. Although all adult patients with CKD (eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2) were included, medication data were only available for elderly patients (aged ≥66 years). The primary outcome, the proportion of patients with diabetes or proteinuria receiving an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), was assessed in elderly CKD patients.

Results
There were 5444 elderly CKD patients with diabetes or proteinuria who were eligible for primary outcome assessment, irrespective of baseline ACEi/ARB use. ACEi/ARB use in the subsequent year was 77.1% and 76.9% in the standard and enhanced prompt groups, respectively. In the subgroup of elderly patients with an eGFR <30 ml/min per 1.73 m2, ACEi/ARB use was higher in the enhanced prompt group. Among 22,092 CKD patients, there was no difference in the likelihood of a composite clinical outcome (death, ESRD, doubling of serum creatinine, or hospitalization for myocardial infarction, heart failure, or stroke) over a median of 2.1 years.

Conclusions
In elderly patients with CKD and an indication for ACEi/ARB, an enhanced laboratory prompt did not increase use of these medications.
Control of Glycemia and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in Primary Care in Catalonia (Spain)
Authors: Vinagre Irene , Mata-Cases Manel , Hermosilla Eduard , Morros Rosa , Fina Francesc , Rosell Magdalena , Castell Conxa , Franch-Nadal Josep , Bolíbar Bonaventura , Mauricio Didac 
Published: February 2012

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics and levels of glycemic and cardiovascular risk factor control in patients with type 2 diabetes that are in primary health care centers in Catalonia (Spain).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study of a total population of 3,755,038 individuals aged 31–90 years at the end of 2009. Clinical data were obtained retrospectively from electronic clinical records.

RESULTS
A total of 286,791 patients with type 2 diabetes were identified (7.6%). Fifty-four percent were men, mean (SD) age was 68.2 (11.4) years, and mean duration of disease was 6.5 (5.1) years. The mean (SD) A1C value was 7.15 (1.5)%, and 56% of the patients had A1C values ≤7%. The mean (SD) blood pressure (BP) values were 137.2 (13.8)/76.4 (8.3) mmHg, mean total cholesterol concentration was 192 (38.6) mg/dL, mean HDL cholesterol concentration was 49.3 (13.2) mg/dL, mean LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration was 112.5 (32.4) mg/dL, and mean BMI was 29.6 (5) kg/m2. Thirty-one percent of the patients had BP values ≤130/80 mmHg, 37.9% had LDL-C values ≤100 mg/dL, and 45.4% had BMI values ≤30 kg/m2. Twenty-two percent were managed exclusively with lifestyle changes. Regarding medicated diabetic patients, 46.9, 22.9, and 2.8% were prescribed one, two, or three antidiabetic drugs, respectively, and 23.4% received insulin therapy.

CONCLUSIONS
The results from this study indicate a similar or improved control of glycemia, lipids, and BP in patients with type 2 diabetes when compared with previous studies performed in Spain and elsewhere.
Effect of Gender, Experience, and Value on Color Perception
Authors: Miranda ME 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYStatement of the ProblemPrecise shade matching can be one of the most difficult tasks for the dentist and some variables may influence the process of shade comparison.Purpose of the StudyThis study tested the differences in shade perception between genders, the influence of the observer's clinical experience, and the value of ceramics in correct shade selection.Material and MethodsA total of 45 women and 54 men compared 16 pairs of ceramic disks according to shades. The χ2 and Fisher exact tests were used to analyze the results, adopting 5% as the level of statistical significance. An analysis of risk was also performed to evaluate the variables.ResultsThe results indicated that there were statistical differences among gender, clinical experience, and shades in discriminating ceramics.ConclusionsMen and observers with more clinical experience were more successful in discriminating shades, although darker shades were selected more correctly than the lighter ones.
On some congruences of power algebras
Authors: Pilitowska Agata , Zamojska-Dzienio Anna 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
In a natural way we can “lift” any operation defined on a set A to an operation on the set of all non-empty subsets of A and obtain from any algebra (A, Ω) its power algebra of subsets. In this paper we investigate extended power algebras (power algebras of non-empty subsets with one additional semilattice operation) of modes (entropic and idempotent algebras). We describe some congruence relations on these algebras such that their quotients are idempotent. Such congruences determine some class of non-trivial subvarieties of the variety of all semilattice ordered modes (modals).
Weakly-exceptional quotient singularities
Authors: Sakovics Dmitrijs 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
A singularity is said to be weakly-exceptional if it has a unique purely log terminal blow-up. In dimension 2, V. Shokurov proved that weakly-exceptional quotient singularities are exactly those of types D
n, E
6, E
7, E
8. This paper classifies the weakly-exceptional quotient singularities in dimensions 3 and 4.
Agitation of a gas-solid-liquid system in a vessel with high-speed impeller and vertical tubular coil
Authors: Major-Godlewska Marta , Karcz Joanna 
Published: February 2012

AbstractExperimental results of gas hold-up, power consumption and residence time of gas bubbles in a gas-solid-liquid system produced in an agitated vessel equipped with a high-speed impeller and a vertical tubular coil are presented in this paper. Critical agitator speed, needed for the dispersion of gas bubbles and solid particles in liquid were also identified. The studies were carried out in an agitated vessel of the inner diameter D = 0.634 m and the working liquid volume of about 0.2 m3. A tubular coil of the diameter of 0.7D, consisting of 24 vertical tubes of the diameter of 0.016D, was located inside the flat-bottomed vessel. The agitated vessel was equipped with a Rushton turbine with six blades or an A 315 impeller with four blades. Both impellers had diameter, d, equal to 0.33D. The vessel was filled with liquid up to the height H = D. In this study, air and particles of sea sand with the mean diameter of 335 μm and the concentration of up to 3.0 mass % were dispersed in distilled water as the liquid phase. The measurements were carried out within the turbulent regime of the fluid flow in the agitated vessel. Results of the measurements were processed graphically and mathematically. Lower values of the critical agitator speed, n JSG, needed for simultaneous dispersion of gas bubbles and particles with the solids concentration from 0.5 mass % to 2 mass %, were obtained for the vessel equipped with the A 315 impeller. Higher values of the specific power consumption were reached for the vessel with the Rushton turbine. Higher values of the gas hold-up and residence time of the gas bubbles in the fluid were obtained for the system equipped with the Rushton turbine. Results of the gas hold-up as a function of the specific power consumption, superficial gas velocity and solids concentration were approximated with good accuracy using Eq. (5).
Robot Path Planning using Dynamic Programming with Accelerating Nodes
Authors: Kala Rahul , Shukla Anupam , Tiwari Ritu 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
We solve the problem of robot path planning using Dynamic Programming (DP) designed to perform well in case of a sudden path blockage. A conventional DP algorithm works well for real time scenarios only when the update frequency is high i.e. changes can be readily propagated. In case updates are costly, for a sudden blockage the robot continues moving along the wrong path or stands stationary. We propose a modified DP that has nodes with additional processing (called accelerating nodes) to enable different segments of the map to become informed about the blockage rapidly. We further quickly compute an alternative path in case of a blockage. Experimental results verify that usage of accelerating nodes makes the robot follow optimal paths in dynamic environments.
Development of microsatellite primers of the largest seagrass, Enhalus acoroides (Hydrocharitaceae)
Authors: Gao Hui , Jiang Kai , Geng Yan , Chen Xiao‐Yong 
Published: February 2012

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite primers were developed for the seagrass Enhalus acoroides to investigate genetic variation and identify clonal structure.• Methods and Results: Four polymorphic loci and 32 monomorphic loci were developed in E. acoroides. Two to four alleles per locus were observed at the polymorphic loci across 60 individuals of two E. acoroides populations. The observed and expected heterozygosities within populations ranged from 0.100 to 0.5667 and from 0.0977 to 0.5079, respectively.• Conclusions: Our study revealed very low polymorphism in E. acoroides, even at the polymorphic loci. Nevertheless, these primers are a useful tool to study genetic variation, clonal structure, and mating system.
Development of microsatellite markers for Dimorphandra mollis (Leguminosae), a widespread tree from the Brazilian cerrado
Authors: Souza Helena A. V. , Collevatti Rosane G. , Lemos‐Filho José P. , Santos Fabrício R. , Lovato Maria Bernadete 
Published: February 2012

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were developed for Dimorphandra mollis (Leguminosae), a widespread tree in the Brazilian cerrado (a savanna‐like vegetation).• Methods and Results: Microsatellite markers were developed from an enriched library. The analyses of polymorphism were based on 56 individuals from three populations. Nine microsatellite loci were polymorphic, with the number of alleles per locus ranging from three to 10 across populations. The observed and expected heterozygosities per locus and population ranged from 0.062 to 0.850 and from 0.062 to 0.832, respectively.• Conclusions: These microsatellites provide an efficient tool for population genetics studies and will be used to assess the genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure of D. mollis.
Home-based management of acute diarrhoeal disease in an urban slum of Aligarh, India
Authors: Shah Mohammad Salman , Ahmad Anees , Khalique Najam , Afzal Suboohi , Ansari Mohammad Athar , Khan Zulfia 
Published: February 2012

Introduction: Diarrhoea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Most deaths are caused by dehydration and are easily preventable by using oral rehydration therapy. Early management and recognition of danger signs are key strategies in treating diarrhoeal diseases at home. This study assessed the knowledge and health-care seeking behaviour of families regarding diarrhoeal illness in children aged under five years. Methodology: The study was undertaken during June and July 2009 in an urban slum of Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India. Mothers of children (n = 101) suffering from diarrhoea with at least one episode in the last two weeks prior to the interview were included. Information was gathered on a predesigned and pretested questionnaire. Results: Overall prevalence of diarrhoea in children under five was 36%. Life-threatening symptoms which the mothers knew were watery stool (85%) and repeated vomiting (54%). Two thirds (69%) of the mothers continued breastfeeding their children during the episode, while the remaining either withheld or interrupted breastfeeding. The majority visited a nearby unsanctioned health practitioner. Less than half (46.5%) of the mothers knew about oral rehydration salt solution and only 29.8% of those knew the correct method of preparation. Only 38.7% of the respondents knew about suitable fluids available at home, out of which salt sugar solution was the choice in most cases. Conclusion: The study highlights that the mothers' knowledge is not adequate. Educating mothers and caretakers regarding early home-based case management of childhood diarrhoea may substantially decrease morbidity and mortality due to diarrhoea.