bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender representation of cancer patients in medical treatment and psychosocial survivorship research
Authors: Hoyt Michael A. , Rubin Lisa R. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Prior studies raise concern about gender bias in cancer research, including insufficient inclusion of women or men, or studying women and men differently. The 1993 National Institutes of Health Revitalization Act aimed to eliminate gender bias in medicine. To examine changes in medical and psychological literature, this study reviews gender representation in biomedical treatment studies and psychosocial survivorship studies published in a single year.METHODS:Research published in Cancer in 2007, and all empirical psychological studies about cancer published that year, provided a 15‐year update to findings reported by Meyerowitz and Hart. The gender distribution and context of included articles were coded and compared with findings from 1983 and 1992.RESULTS:Across biomedical studies, 34.3% of subjects were women (vs 47% of new cancers and 48% of cancer deaths). Among men, 41.3% had sex‐specific cancers (vs 12.5% [1983] and 12.3% [1992]). Among women, 46.1% had sex‐specific cancers (vs 69.1% [1983] and 64.6% [1992]). Fewer women (36.8%) were represented in sex‐nonspecific cancer studies (vs 41.4% [1983] and 42.5% [1992]); however, fewer studies had a significant (>20%) gender disparity. Across psychosocial studies, representation of men increased to 47.9% (vs 30.4% [1983] and 29.9% [1992]). The proportion of men in studies of feelings/relationships increased to 47% (vs 22.9% [1992]); the proportion of women in studies assessing physical/functional ability increased to 58.3% (vs 45.4%).CONCLUSIONS:Women remain under‐represented in sex‐nonspecific biomedical research, whereas men's representation in sex‐specific research increased substantially. Psychosocial research trends suggest movement from research questions supporting traditional stereotypes that women feel and men act. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society
Nucleation of GaN on sapphire substrates at intermediate temperatures by Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy
Authors: Lukin G. , Röder C. , Niederschlag E. , Shashev Y. , Mühle U. , Pätzold O. , Kortus J. , Rafaja D. , Stelter M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA novel approach to deposit GaN layers directly on a sapphire substrate by Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy is presented. The two‐step deposition process includes the growth of GaN nucleation layers at intermediate temperatures in the range of 750 – 900 °C and subsequent high‐temperature overgrowth at about 1040 °C. Closed and non‐closed nucleation layers with a thickness of up to 2 μm were produced and characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, micro‐Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. A growth temperature of 780 °C is found to be optimal with respect to density and size distribution of nucleation islands. Raman measurements performed on the nucleation layers reveal nearly zero residual stress indicating effective stress relaxation on cooling down from growth temperature. The results of first overgrowth experiments demonstrate the possibility to grow 10 μm thick, crack‐free GaN layers of high crystalline quality on the nucleation layers. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Isolation, characterization and phase transformation of new ginsenoside compound k hydrate and methanol solvates
Authors: Li Runyan , Dong Weibing , He Huining , Yan Hao , Jiang Xiaobin , Gong Junbo 
Published: January 2012

AbstractTwo new solvates of ginsenoside compound K (nonstoichiometric hydrate/CKH and methanol solvate/CKM) have been discovered and characterized in this paper. They were obtained through cooling crystallization in different solvents, and CKM could be prepared by transformation from CKH as well. The solvates were analysed by Power X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. From the thermal studies, it is shown that the two new products are both solvates with different onset melting points. The PXRD and FTIR data support different crystal structures of them. It also describes the solution‐mediated phase transformation from CKH to CKM with a combination usage of process analytical technology tools. It is shown that the transformation process can be divided into three stages. The results reveal that seeding and low temperature help to accelerate the transformation, but initial solution concentration do little to the transformation kinetics. The kinetics and the rate‐controlling step for the transformation depend on the nucleation of the CKM. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Role of the gene Miniature in Drosophila wing maturation
Authors: Bilousov Oleksii O. , Kozeretska Iryna A. , Katanaev Vladimir L. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMiniature is an extracellular zona pellucida domain‐containing protein, required for flattening of pupal wing epithelia in Drosophila. Here, we show that Miniature also plays an important role in the post‐eclosion wing maturation processes triggered by the neurohormone bursicon. Wing expansion and epithelial apoptosis are drastically delayed in miniature loss‐of‐function mutants, and sped up upon overexpression of the protein in wings. Miniature acts upstream from the heterotrimeric Gs protein transducing the bursicon signal in wing epithelia. We propose that Miniature interacts with bursicon and regulates its diffusion through or stability within the wing tissue. genesis 50:525–533, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and Characterization of Gold Nanostars as Filler of Tunneling Conductive Polymer Composites
Authors: Stassi Stefano , Cauda Valentina , Canavese Giancarlo , Manfredi Diego , Pirri Candido Fabrizio 
Published: January 2012

AbstractHighly multibranched gold nanostars were obtained by a room‐temperature synthesis assisted by deep‐eutectic solvents (DES). The concentration of the ascorbate ions and the presence of water in the solution were found to both have a profound influence on branch formation. A growth mechanism of the nanostar is therefore proposed from the analysis of the particle dimensions, the aspect ratio of their protuberances, and the gold crystal size. These spiky nanoparticles would find an application as conductive filler in polymeric piezoresistive composites, based on a tunneling conduction mechanism.
A Novel Type of Chiral Triangulane‐Based Diphosphane Ligands for Transition Metals
Authors: Khlebnikov Alexander F. , Kozhushkov Sergei I. , Yufit Dmitry S. , Schill Heiko , Reggelin Michael , Spohr Volker , de Meijere Armin 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA new original strategy for the synthesis of axially and helically chiral bidentate diphosphane ligands featuring a rigid triangulanyl backbone has been elaborated and executed for several representative enantiomerically pure ligands. Thus,(1R,3S,4S)‐1,4‐bis[(diphenylphosphanyl)methyl]spiro[2.2]pentane [(1R,3S,4S)‐24·(BH3)2], [(1R,3R,4S)‐4‐(diphenylphosphanyl)methylspiro[2.2]pentan‐1‐yl]diphenylphosphane [(1R,3R,4S)‐27·(BH3)2], [(1R,3R,4S,5R)‐5‐(diphenylphosphanyl)methyldispiro[2.0.2.1]heptan‐1‐yl]diphenylphosphane [(1R,3R,4S,5R)‐30·(BH3)2], (1S,3S,4S)‐1,4‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)spiropentane [(1R,3S,4S)‐35·(BH3)2], (1S,3S,4S)‐1,4‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)spiropentane [(1S,3S,4S)‐35·(BH3)2], (1S,3S,4S)‐1,4‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)spiropentane [(1R,3R,4S)‐35·(BH3)2], and (1R,3R,4R,5R)‐1,5‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)dispiro[2.0.2.1]heptane [(1R,3R,4R,5R)‐36·(BH3)2] with a spiropentyl and a dispiro[2.0.2.1]heptyl moiety, respectively, have been prepared as bishydroborane complexes applying repetitively the same set of standard synthetic operations, starting from [(1S,3R)‐4‐methylenespiropent‐1‐yl]methyl acetate [(1S,3R)‐7], (4,4‐dibromospiropent‐1‐yl)methanols [(1S,3R)‐8 and (1R,3S)‐8] and (dibromodispiro[2.0.2.1]heptyl)methanols (1R,3S,4R)‐9, (1S,3R,4S)‐9 and (1S,3R,4R)‐9 in 4–7 steps. The relative configurations of all important intermediates as well as the absolute configurations of the key intermediates and most final products were established by X‐ray crystal structure analyses.
A highly efficient fire‐retardant nanomaterial based on carbon nanotubes and magnesium hydroxide
Authors: Knight Chase C. , Ip Filbert , Zeng Changchun , Zhang Chuck , Wang Ben 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYHybrid buckypapers (HBP) were developed and showed potential as efficient fire‐retardant materials by implementing multiple fire retardance mechanisms. The fabrication of HBP was performed using multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) nanoparticles. The Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles were well dispersed throughout the CNTs network, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy and Energy Dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry both confirmed the decomposition of magnesium hydroxide in the HBPs and heat absorption under elevated temperatures. Our initial results indicated that when used as a skin layer, the HBP has the potential to significantly improve the fire‐retardant properties of epoxy carbon fiber composites. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A spectral approach to inertial confined thin‐film flow
Authors: Laure Patrice , Khayat Roger E. 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYA spectral approach is proposed to determine the flow field of a thin film inside narrow channels of arbitrary shape. Although the method is easily extended to transient flow, only steady flow is considered here. The flow field is represented spectrally in the depthwise direction in terms of orthonormal shape functions, which together with the Galerkin projection lead to a system of ordinary differential equations that can be solved using standard methods. The method is particularly effective for nonlinear flow, including nonlinearities of geometrical or material origins. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated for a flow with inertia, and, unlike the depth‐averaging method, is not limited to a flow at small Reynolds number. The problem is closely related to high‐speed lubrication flow. The validity of the spectral representation is assessed by examining the convergence of the method, and comparing it with the fully two‐dimensional finite‐element solution, and the widely used depth‐averaging method from shallow‐water theory. It is found that a low number of modes are usually sufficient to secure convergence and accuracy. The influence of inertia is examined on the velocity and pressure fields. The pressure distributions reflect excellent agreement between the low‐order spectral method and the finite‐element solution, even at moderately high Reynolds number. The depth‐averaging solution is unable to predict accurately (qualitatively and quantitatively) the high‐inertia flow. Comparison of the velocity field reflects the expected discrepancy in a boundary layer formulation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parathyroid cancer: Outcome analysis of 16 patients treated at the princess margaret hospital
Authors: Erovic Boban M. , Goldstein David P. , Kim Dae , Mete Ozgur , Brierley James , Tsang Richard , Freeman Jeremy L. , Asa Sylvia L. , Rotstein Lorne , Irish Jonathan C. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to discuss the appropriate management options for parathyroid carcinomas, which is still a subject of controversy.MethodsA retrospective chart review of 16 patients with parathyroid carcinoma was undertaken to determine the clinical outcome.ResultsAll patients were initially treated with surgery, and 11 patients received adjuvant radiotherapy. The 5‐ and 10‐year disease‐specific survival rates were 100% and 80%, respectively; the 5‐ and 10‐year disease‐free survival rates were 69% and 43%, respectively. The 5‐ and 10‐year locoregional control rates were 69% and 52%, respectively; the 5‐ and 10‐year distant control rates were 89% and 74%, respectively. In this cohort, none of the clinicopathologic parameters could be defined as a predictor.ConclusionIn patients with parathyroid carcinoma, definition of prognostic factors and the role of adjuvant radiation treatment has still to be elucidated. Nevertheless, angioinvasion and positive resection margins are critical factors regarding disease‐free survival in patients with parathyroid carcinomas. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Sporadic or familial head neck paragangliomas enrolled in a single center: Clinical presentation and genotype/phenotype correlations
Authors: Bacca Alessandra , Sellari Franceschini Stefano , Carrara Davide , Bernini Matteo , Zampa Virna , Taddei Stefano , Miccoli Paolo , Congregati Caterina , Simi Paolo , Ferrari Mauro , Bernini Giampaolo 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate clinical features and prevalence of germline mutations of patients with head/neck paragangliomas.MethodsGenetic analysis on known susceptibility genes for paragangliomas (VHL, RET, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, and SDHAF2) was performed in 17 consecutive patients with head/neck paraganglioma (age range, 14–82 years) and 17 relatives.ResultsHead/neck paragangliomas were usually symptomatic with “mass effect” (88.2%), without family history (82.3%), often multifocal (41.2%), never functioning, and malignant. Germline mutations were detected in 7 of 17 patients (41%; 6 SDHD and 1 SDHB). Patients with mutations were younger, with head/neck paragangliomas usually multifocal and with higher biologic aggressiveness than wild‐type subjects. To date, 4 families have been studied and the prevalence of carriers was elevated (58.8%). These mutated relatives (age range, 17–71 years) were disease‐free, except 4 patients in whom multiple head/neck paragangliomas were detected.ConclusionAdequate morpho‐functional screening and follow‐up and, if possible, genetic testing is advisable in patients with head/neck paraganglioma. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
The ecology of temporary streams II. General remarks on temporary streams
Authors: Williams D. Dudley , Hynes H. B. Noel 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis, the second of two papers on the ecology of temporary streams, attempts a generalization of the unique features of these habitats. The fauna is shown to consist of three main groups: permanent stream species, facultative species and specialized species. The members of certain major taxonomic groups tend to oversummer as similar stages in their life cycles and the oversummering method used reflects the type of life cycle exhibited by a particular species. These variations in life cycle lead to faunal succession. The coexistence of closely related species is shown to be common in temporary aquatic habitats and, as far as the most abundant taxa are concerned, the species composition is very stable from year to year.
Changes in morphology and abundance of Stylophora pistillata and Acropora variabilis (anthozoa, hexactiniaria) with respect to depth at Elat, Red Sea
Authors: Sohn Joel Jay 
Published: January 2012

AbstractEntire colonies of Stylophora pistillata and Acropora variabilis were collected along a depth transect 100 m south of the Marine Biological Laboratory of Hebrew University Elat, Israel. The branch height of Acropora variabilis decreases significantly with respect to depth, and this species is equitably distributed from 5 to 30 m. Stylophora pistillata demonstrated no decrease in branch height with respect to depth and its distribution is limited to shallow water. The changes in morphology and distribution enhance the credibility of a suggestion made by Roos (1967) that corals common at all depths would show changes in morphology that minimized self‐shading. Stylophora pistillata demonstrated an increase in branch density with respect to depth. A hypothesis, based upon the occurrence of Lithophaga cumingiana and water turbulence, is presented to explain the increase in branch density with respect to depth of Stylophora pistillata.
Biomasseentwicklung submerser Makrophyten in langsam fließenden Gewässern in Beziehung zum Sauerstoffhaushalt
Authors: Jorga Werner , Weise Günther 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe river Kleine Elster was studied as a typical example of slowly running waters of the lowlands with dense growths of submerged macrophytes. Photosynthetic oxigenation was found to be a function of biomass and light intensity as long as the biomass did not exceed 250 g (dry mass) per square meter. Crops going beyond this limit caused a substantial decrease in oxygen supply in the early morning hours. A biomass exceeding 250 g/m2 also gave rise to critical situations in autumnal oxygen budget (dying of macrophytes), increased water level, retardation in flow and a drop in atmospheric oxigenation. Necessary management practices (cutting of weeds) were derived from the objective of stabilizing the oxygen balance.
The index of lake basin permanence
Authors: Kerekes Joseph 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe index of basin permanence, the ratio of basin volume to shoreline length, gives a morphometric index that reflects the littoral effect on basin volume. A large, deep lake would have a large permanence index (10,000 for Lake Baikal), while an extinct lake or a nearly extinct lake would have an index number of zero or a number approaching zero.
A possible explanation of emergence patterns of Baetis vernus curtis (Ins.: Ephemeroptera) on the breitenbach — schlitz studies on productivity, Nr. 22—
Authors: Illies Joachim , Masteller Edwin C. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBaetis vermis, a major contributor to the biomass of the Breitenbach, shows a remarkable degree of fluctuation in its emergence, which — in the years under observation (1969–1975)—ranges from univoltine to trimodal patterns. It is postulated, that warm overwintering temperatures produce unimodal emergence whereas cold winter temperatures (esp. periods with less than 5° C) produce bimodal or trimodal emergence. The relations between egg‐hatching, larval growth and temperature are discussed.
The nature of a shield lake sediment
Authors: Huang Pan M. , Liaw Wen K. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe nature of the sediment of Drinking Lake in the Churchill River Basin in Canada was studied with special reference to its chemical and colloidal composition. Crystalline minerals present in the colloidal fractions of the sediment are quartz, cristobalite, feldspars, micas, amphiboles, vermiculite, chlorite and kaolinite. Sesquioxidic components and the extractable Ca and Mg are present not only in the colloidal fractions but also in the non‐colloidal fractions of the sediment. Over 99% of the nitrogen in the sediment is organic and about 60% of the sediment phosphorus is inorganic. The importance of the crystalline and non‐crystalline mineral components of the sediment studied in the exchange of nutrients between the sediment and its overlying water is discussed. In view of the important roles of these mineral components in affecting the transfer of nutrients, possible significant modifications of the quality of the lake water after impoundment, if a dam were constructed in the basin for a hydro‐electric development, deserve close attention.
Assessment of particulate organic matter in river water
Authors: Liaw Wen K. , Maccrimmon Hugh R. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractParticulate organic matter in a downriver riffle of the Grand River, the largest Canadian Great Lakes tributary, was studied between June 1970 and April 1972. In winter and spring, concentrations of particulate organic matter (1.0–26.2 mg/l) varied with river flow. High summer levels (3.4–12.7 mg/l) were attributable to high autochthonous primary production. Mean chlorophyll a concentration in summer (29.8 mg/m3) was nearly 15 times higher than in winter, and 8 times the spring mean level. High algal cell counts (15,000–19,000 cells/l) also occurred in summer. Autochthonous and allochthonous contributions to the total particulate organic carbon input to the river in summer were estimated by daily organic input and river flow relationships, carbon to chlorophyll a and to pheopigments ratios. The allochthonous source accounted for 21.5% of the total organic carbon while the autochthonous contributed the remaining 78.5%. The latter included living algae (23.0%), senescent plant material (30.3%) and detritus (25.2% — including microbes). The study establishes a new approach whereby the various components of particulate organic matter in river water can be indirectly partitioned and their biomass estimated by using quantitative relationships among readily obtainable parameters of river flow, standing biomass, chlorophyll a and pheopigments.
Littoral benthos of the Northern Baltic Sea. IV. Pattern and dynamics of macrobenthos in a sandy‐bottom Zostera marina community in Tvärminne
Authors: Lappalainen Annikki , Hällfors Gut , Kangas Pentti 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe composition and abundance of the macroscopic biota of a sandy‐bottom Zostera marina community at a depth of 3–5 m were studied in Tvärminne, S Finland, in 1968–1971. Zostera occurred contagiously and very sparsely, 6 ± 2 shoots · m−2, ash‐free dry weight (AFDW) 2 ± 1 g · m−2 (95% confidence interval).Totals of 45 plant and 70 animal taxa were found. Fucus vesiculosus (80%) and Zostera marina (11%) dominated the plant biomass, 16.5 ± 17.8 g · m−2 in June 1971. At this time animal density was 8540 ± 830 ind. · m−2 (0.6‐mm mesh) and AFDW 17.3 ± 5.0 g · m−2, 80–90% of the latter consisting of Macoma baltica, Mya arenaria, Corophium volutator, Nereis diversicolor and Hydrobia spp. The same percentage of animal density was made up by Hydrobia spp., M. baltica, C. volutator and Pygospio elegans.Normal analysis by classification of the samples suggested that the community was spatially rather homogeneous in 1971. Inverse analysis, based on interspecific correlations, revealed three distributional groups of species. These groups corresponded to the compositional subdivisions suggested by normal analysis. The community was subdivided into strata characterized by (D) deposit feeders, (Z) Zostera marina and (F) Fucus vesiculosus.The periodicity of the biota in the Zostera‐characterized stratum was investigated. The principal dominants, especially Fucus, Zostera and Macoma, showed no distinct seasonal or interannual differences in 1968–1971, which made the community seem very stable. Yet, the species diversity of plants varied with the abundance of filamentous algae. Animal species diversity and mean animal density reached their seasonal minima in late summer, when the parental stocks of many invertebrates were dying and the summer's offspring were often still too small to be obtained by our methods. The recruitment of many important animal species failed in 1968 as compared with the other years.
Simulated seasonal marine mining impacts on plankton
Authors: Shar Albert O. , Mulligan Hugh F. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA computer simulated model is presented which predicts changes in phytoplankton populations from six‐week mining operations conducted at different times of the year. Barely perceptable changes are predicted from the six‐week May mining operation, while similar operations at other times of the year were predicted to have variable and sometimes long term impacts on the phytoplankton dynamics.