bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural substrates for processing task‐irrelevant sad images in adolescents
Authors: Wang Lihong , Huettel Scott , De Bellis Michael D. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract Neural systems related to cognitive and emotional processing were examined in adolescents using event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Ten healthy adolescents performed an emotional oddball task. Subjects detected infrequent circles (targets) within a continual stream of phase‐scrambled images (standards). Sad and neutral images were intermittently presented as task‐irrelevant distracters (novels). As previously shown for adults, when the adolescents responded to the task‐relevant targets, activation increased in the dorsal attention‐executive system including the anterior middle frontal gyrus (aMFG), dorsal anterior cingulate (ACG), posterior cingulate (PCG), insula, and supramarginal gyrus (SMG). Unlike adults, however, the adolescents exhibited strong activation to the emotional distracter images not only in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VmPFC), but also in the posterior middle frontal gyrus (pMFG) and in the parietal cortex. Those subjects who had stronger VmPFC activation to emotional distraction also had reduced activation in the aMFG during target detection, suggesting that emotional information may interfere with executive processing in these adolescents. In contrast, pMFG and PCG activation to emotional distracters was positively correlated with aMFG activation to targets, indicating a different role of these regions from the VmPFC. The pattern of activation to task‐irrelevant emotional distraction suggests a possible immaturity of brain function in cognitive control over emotional distraction in adolescents.
Pemphigus, analysis of 155 patients
Authors: Mimouni D , Bar H , Gdalevich M , Katzenelson V , David M 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackground  Pemphigus vulgaris is a chronic autoimmune mucocutaneous blistering disease. In the last 20 years, immunomodulatory agents have been added to the therapeutic armamentarium. Only few recent studies have evaluated the long‐term outcome of pemphigus and possible prognostic parameters in a large group of patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate and analyse the course and prognostic factors of pemphigus in patients followed from 1976 to 2004.Patients and methods  The study group consisted of 155 patients attending the pemphigus clinic of a major tertiary‐care medical centre. Background, clinical and treatment data were derived from the patient files and telephone contact. Statistical analysis was performed with Pearson correlation, Fisher exact test, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.Results  Age < 40 years at disease onset, Sephardic Jewish origin, and mucosal involvement at diagnosis and high number of relapses were found to be independent prognostic factors of poor outcome. A long (> 1 year) primary remission was a good prognostic factor. During the 26‐year study period, 16 patients died. None of the deaths was directly related to either the disease or a complication of treatment.Conclusions  The course and outcome of pemphigus are worse in patients who are young at diagnosis (< 40 years) or of Sephardic Jewish origin. Mucosal involvement at diagnosis and poor response to treatment also predict poor outcome. The mortality rate of pemphigus is apparently lower than reported in the literature, perhaps because of the contemporary use of adjuvant immunomodulatory therapeutic agents.
Epidemiology of vitiligo, associated autoimmune diseases and audiological abnormalities: Ankara study of 80 patients in Turkey
Authors: Akay BN , Bozkir M , Anadolu Y , Gullu S 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackground  Recent clinical studies suggest that the pathogenetic mechanisms of vitiligo could be of systemic origin as vitiligo is associated with auditory abnormalities as well as other autoimmune disorders.Objectives  To investigate clinical, genetic characteristics and laboratory findings of vitiligo as well as auditory abnormalities and the association of the disease with the other autoimmune disorders.Materials and methods  From January to December 2008, we collected‐data from 80 vitiligo patients to establish the clinical and epidemiological profile of vitiligo in Turkey.Results  Thirty patients were men and 50 were women, with a mean age of 37 years and a mean onset age of 10 years. Vitiligo vulgaris was the most common type, followed by focal, acrofacial, segmental and universal types. Forty‐four (55%) patients had an associated autoimmune disease. These associated diseases were Hashimoto thyroiditis in 25, alopecia areata in 10, pernicious anaemia in seven and diabetes mellitus in two patients. Statistically significant changes in human leukocyte antigen in patients with vitiligo were HLA A24,‐30, B63, CW6, DR15, DR51, DQ5,‐6. Auditory problems were observed in 37.7% patients. Nine of the 20 patients showed unilateral minimal hearing loss (>30 dB), while the other 11 demonstrated bilateral hearing loss (>30 dB) over a large range of frequencies (2000–8000 Hz).Conclusion  Our study demonstrates that vitiligo is a part of systemic autoimmune process. Audiological examination should be performed in all patients for auditory problems which are commonly presented as hypoacusis.
Invasive cervical cancer audit: why cancers developed in a high‐risk population with an organised screening programme
Authors: Herbert A , Anshu  , Culora G , Dunsmore H , Gupta SS , Holdsworth G , Kubba AA , McLean E , Sim J , Raju KS 
Published: February 2010

Please cite this paper as: Herbert A, Anshu, Culora G, Dunsmore H, Gupta S, Holdsworth G, Kubba A, McLean E, Sim J, Raju K. Invasive cervical cancer audit: why cancers developed in a high‐risk population with an organised screening programme. BJOG 2010;Objectives  To investigate why invasive cervical cancers developed in a high‐risk urban population with an established screening programme and to place cancers in the context of high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasia (CGIN) diagnosed during the same period of time.Study design  Observational study of CIN2+ (CGIN, CIN3 and CIN2) and invasive cervical cancer diagnosed at Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust in 1999–01, 2002–04 and 2005–07 and audit of screening histories of women with invasive cancer analysed according to route to diagnosis, histological type and International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO) stage.Results  There were 133 invasive cancers, 53 CGIN, 1502 CIN3 and 1472 CIN2. Screen‐detected cancers in asymptomatic women comprised 48.9% of cancers and were successively more likely to be in younger age groups (P = 0.03); all except one were stage IA or IB1. Screen‐detected IA cancers were more likely (P < 0.001) to be in women screened within 0.5–5.0 years (80.5%) than screen‐detected fully invasive (58.3%) or symptomatic cancers (35.3%). Seventy‐one (53.4%) women had been screened within 0.5–5.0 years; 11 had negative cytology within 0.5–3.5 years and two tests within 10 years. The other 60 had negative tests less frequently or had previous abnormal cytology, colposcopy or treatment. Potentially avoidable factors were often multiple, including false‐negative cytology, high‐grade cytology reported as low‐grade and lapses in attendance either for routine or repeat screening, or for colposcopy or treatment.Conclusion  While often potentially avoidable, cancers in previously screened women tended to be early stage, detected by cytology and rare when compared with high‐grade CIN.
Prolonged activation of ERK triggers glutamate‐induced apoptosis of astrocytes: neuroprotective effect of FK506
Authors: Szydlowska Kinga , Gozdz Agata , Dabrowski Michal , Zawadzka Malgorzata , Kaminska Bozena 
Published: February 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 113, 904–918.AbstractAlthough, astrocytes are more resistant than neurons to ischemic injury, astrocyte death has been demonstrated in animal models of brain ischemia. Astrocytes death after ischemia/reperfusion may strongly affect neuronal survival because of the absence of their trophic and metabolic support to neurons, and astrocytic glutamate uptake. Early signals involved in astrocytes death are poorly understood. We demonstrated enhanced and mostly cytoplasmic activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) during glutamate‐induced apoptosis of cultured astrocytes. Treatment with UO126, inhibitor of MEK1, threo‐beta‐benzyloxyaspartic acid, glutamate transporter inhibitor, and FK506, a cytoprotective drug prevented ERK activation and glutamate‐induced apoptosis. Over‐expression of ERK dual specificity phosphatases 5 and 6 reduced apoptosis in transfected astrocytes. Prolonged ERK1/2 activation was observed in ischemic brain: in the nucleus and cytoplasm of astrocytes in the cerebral cortex, and exclusively in the cytoplasm of astrocytes in the striatum. Global gene expression profiling in the cortex revealed that FK506 blocks middle cerebral artery occlusion‐induced expression of numerous genes associated with ERK signaling pathway and apoptosis. The results demonstrate a pro‐apoptotic role of sustained activation of ERK1/2 signaling in glutamate‐induced death of astrocytes and the ability of FK506 to block both ERK activation and astrocytic cell death in vitro and in ischemic brains.
DJ‐1 forms complexes with mutant SOD1 and ameliorates its toxicity
Authors: Yamashita Satoshi , Mori Akira , Kimura En , Mita Shuji , Maeda Yasushi , Hirano Teruyuki , Uchino Makoto 
Published: February 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 113, 860–870.AbstractMutations in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene cause familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which could be attributed to the toxic properties of the misfolded protein, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. DJ‐1 – a causative agent of familial Parkinson’s disease PARK7 – is responsible for inducing antioxidative reaction. In this study, we showed the up‐regulation of DJ‐1 protein levels in mutant SOD1 transgenic mice through the lifespan were observed in the motor neurons. We demonstrated biochemically DJ‐1 formed complexes with mutant SOD1 in the cell lysates. Furthermore, DJ‐1 over‐expression resulted in increased cell viability and reduced cell toxicity in mutant SOD1‐transfected neuronal cells, because of improvement in apoptotic pathway and reduction in oxidative stress levels. We also evaluated DJ‐1 levels in CSF collected from sporadic ALS patients and controls subjects. The CSF DJ‐1 levels were significantly higher in patients with sporadic ALS than in control subjects. These results show that DJ‐1 may be associated with sporadic and familial ALS pathogenesis. Therefore, insight into the effects of DJ‐1 on mutant SOD1‐mediated toxicity may provide a therapeutic advance for the treatment of motor neuron degeneration in ALS.
Private Practice of Prosthodontists: Current Conditions of Practice in the United States
Authors: Nash Kent D. , Pfeifer David L. , Sadowsky Steven J. , Carrier David D. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this article is to examine data and results from the 2008 Survey of Prosthodontists. Survey results are used to examine current trends and characteristics of prosthodontists in private practice. Materials and Methods: Characteristics of prosthodontists and conditions of private practice are based on surveys conducted in 2002, 2005, and 2008 sponsored by the American College of Prosthodontists. Survey results are used to estimate several characteristics including age, gender, number of patient visits, hours in the practice, employment of staff, referral sources, and financial conditions (gross receipts, expenses of the practice, and net income of prosthodontists). Results: The average age of a private‐practicing prosthodontist reached 51 years in 2007; 12.3 is the number of years in the current practice; and most prosthodontists (71%) are solo private practitioners. The average amount of time per week by prosthodontists in the practice averaged 36.1 hours, and prosthodontists treated an average of 44.1 patient visits per week. The largest source of patient referrals is the patient themselves. The largest percentage of a prosthodontist's treatment time is spent rendering procedures in fixed prosthodontics, but this percentage has declined since 2001. In 2007, the average gross billings of a practicing prosthodontist reached $805,675; average total practice expenses were $518,255; the mean net earnings of practitioners were $268,930. Conclusion: In 2007, prosthodontists in private practice paid out about $1.4 billion in practice expenses to provide $2.2 billion dollars in prosthodontic care. Based on survey results from 2007 and the previous 6 years, specialization in prosthodontic care continues to be an economically attractive and productive healthcare profession in the United States.
The History of Articulators: The Contributions of Rudolph L. Hanau and his Company—Part I
Authors: Engelmeier Robert L. , Belles Donald M. , Starcke Edgar N. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis article is a historical review of the last decade of Rudolph Hanau's life. It covers his introduction to dentistry and explores his prolific articulator designs and contributions to the prosthodontic literature.
Use of Vacuum‐Formed Templates to Guide Tooth Preparation and Insertion of Interim Restorations
Authors: Papaspyridakos Panos , Lal Kunal 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIdeal tooth preparation and interim prostheses are critical to a predictable esthetic and functional outcome in the treatment of full‐mouth‐fixed restorations. During the treatment stages, multiple procedures need to be considered for a successful and predictable outcome. These include the parallel preparation of multiple abutment teeth followed by the relining of the interim prostheses. The purpose of this article is to describe a technique to simplify tooth preparation and facilitate subsequent insertion of a complete‐arch‐fixed interim prosthesis using vacuum‐formed templates.
Primary Angiosarcoma of the Pulmonary Trunk Mimicking Pulmonary Thromboembolism
Authors: Kim Ji Bak , Kim Seong Hwan , Lim Sang Yup , Roh Seung Young , Cho Goo‐Yeong , Song Hye Jong , Park Silvia , Lee Jeeyun , Kim Seok Jin 
Published: February 2010

We present a case of primary angiosarcoma of the pulmonary trunk that was initially misdiagnosed as a subacute massive pulmonary thromboembolism in a 26‐year‐old woman. This is an extremely rare disease that is usually indistinguishable from acute or chronic thromboembolic disease of the pulmonary arteries because the clinical and radiologic findings of pulmonary artery angiosarcoma are similar to those of pulmonary thromboembolism. Although the incidence of pulmonary artery angiosarcoma is very low, our case demonstrates that this disease entity should be included in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism, especially in patients who do not respond to anticoagulant therapy or present with no identifiable source of thromboembolic events. (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY 2010;27:E23‐E26)
Risk factors predicting onset and persistence of subthreshold expression of bipolar psychopathology among youth from the community
Authors: Tijssen M. J. A. , Van Os J. , Wittchen H. U. , Lieb R. , Beesdo K. , Wichers M. 
Published: February 2010

Tijssen MJA, Van Os J, Wittchen HU, Lieb R, Beesdo K, Wichers M. Risk factors predicting onset and persistence of subthreshold expression of bipolar psychopathology among youth from the communityObjective:  To examine factors increasing the risk for onset and persistence of subthreshold mania and depression.Method:  In a prospective cohort community study, the association between risk factors [a family history of mood disorders, trauma, substance use, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and temperamental/personality traits] and onset of manic/depressive symptoms was determined in 705 adolescents. The interaction between baseline risk factors and baseline symptoms in predicting 8‐year follow‐up symptoms was used to model the impact of risk factors on persistence.Results:  Onset of manic symptoms was associated with cannabis use and novelty seeking (NS), but NS predicted a transitory course. Onset of depressive symptoms was associated with a family history of depression. ADHD and harm avoidance (HA) were associated with persistence of depressive symptoms, while trauma and a family history of depression predicted a transitory course.Conclusion:  Different risk factors may operate during onset and persistence of subthreshold mania and depression. The differential associations found for mania and depression dimensions suggest partly different underlying mechanisms.
Experience of trauma and conversion to psychosis in an ultra‐high‐risk (prodromal) group
Authors: Bechdolf A. , Thompson A. , Nelson B. , Cotton S. , Simmons M. B. , Amminger G. P. , Leicester S. , Francey S. M. , McNab C. , Krstev H. , Sidis A. , McGorry P. D. , Yung A. R. 
Published: February 2010

Bechdolf A, Thompson A, Nelson B, Cotton S, Simmons MB, Amminger GP, Leicester S, Francey SM, McNab C, Krstev H, Sidis A, McGorry PD, Yung AR. Experience of trauma and conversion to psychosis in an ultra‐high‐risk (prodromal) group.Objective:  We aimed to replicate a recent finding of high prevalence of trauma history in patients at ‘ultra‐high risk’ (UHR) of psychotic disorder and to investigate whether trauma predicts conversion to psychosis in this population.Method:  A consecutive sample of UHR patients was assessed. History of trauma was accessed with the General Trauma Questionnaire. Cox regression models were used to explore relationship between conversion to psychosis and trauma.Results:  Of 92 UHR patients nearly 70% had experienced a traumatic event and 21.7% developed psychosis during follow‐up (mean 615 days). Patients who had experienced a sexual trauma (36%) were significantly more likely to convert to first‐episode psychosis (OR 2.96) after controlling for meeting multiple UHR intake groups.Conclusion:  UHR patients have a high prevalence of history of trauma. Previous sexual trauma may be a predictor of onset of psychotic disorder in this population.
Expression profiles of ProEx C and Ki67 in squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the skin and their relationship with human papillomavirus genotypes
Authors: Sánchez‐Hernández Marta , Conesa‐Zamora Pablo , García‐Solano José , Corbalán‐Vélez Raúl , Martínez‐Barba Enrique , Pérez‐Guillermo Miguel 
Published: February 2010

Background: ProExC is a new marker for identification of precursor lesions of cervical carcinoma. Its utility in noncervical squamous cell carcinoma in situ (SCCIS) such as Bowen's disease (BD) and actinic keratosis (AK) where human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a role has not been elucidated. Our aim was to ascertain the immunohistochemical features and clinical utility of ProExC in SCCIS of the skin. Methods: HPV presence was tested in SCCIS (38 BD and 7 AK) using GP5+/6+ and Short PCR fragment (SPF) primers and subsequently genotyped. Histopathologic sections were stained for ProExC and Ki67. A set of non‐neoplastic skin proliferative lesions were included for immunohistochemical evaluation [14 psoriasis (PS) and 6 psoriasiform dermatitis (PSD)]. Results: HPV was detected in 18.9% BD. ProExC and Ki67 in the whole epidermis thickness was observed in 86.5 and 37.1% BD, respectively (p < 0.0001). ProExC and Ki67 were restricted to the lower third of the epidermis in PS and PSD. Conclusions: ProExC expression is not associated with HPV in SCCIS of the skin. Proliferating cells are better delineated in SCCIS by ProExC which may be useful to assess the extent of these lesions. Different immunohistochemical profiles seen in neoplasic and non‐neoplastic skin lesions suggest diverse alteration of cell‐cycle kinetics.Sánchez‐Hernández M, Conesa‐Zamora P, García‐Solano J, Corbalán‐Vélez R, Martínez‐Barba E, Pérez‐Guillermo M. Expression profiles of ProEx C and Ki67 in squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the skin and their relationship with human papillomavirus genotypes.
Enzymes involved in the conversion of arachidonic acid to eicosanoids in the skin of atopic dogs
Authors: Schlotter Yvette M. , Riemers Frank M. , Rutten Victor P.M.G. , Knol Edward F. , Willemse Ton 
Published: February 2010

Please cite this paper as: Enzymes involved in the conversion of arachidonic acid to eicosanoids in the skin of atopic dogs. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: e317–e319.Abstract:  Canine atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic inflammatory skin disease, shares characteristics with its human counterpart. To get insight into the role of enzymes involved in production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4), potent inflammatory mediators originating from membrane‐derived arachidonic acid (AA), expression of genes encoding these enzymes and receptors was quantified by qPCR in non‐lesional and lesional skin from atopic dogs and in healthy skin. Significantly higher mRNA expression of the key enzymes 5‐lipoxygenase (5‐LO), 5‐LO activating protein (FLAP), leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) and prostaglandin E synthase 1 (mPGES‐1) and their receptors (PGE receptors 2 and 3) were observed. Being responsible for elevated levels of metabolites of the 3‐series prostaglandins and the 5‐series leukotrienes these enzymes may be interesting targets for therapy that should result in amelioration of clinical signs in canine atopic dermatitis.