bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methylphenidate treatment of adult male prison inmates with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial with open-label extension
Authors: Ginsberg Ylva , Lindefors Nils 
Published: November 2011

BackgroundAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is highly prevalent in prison inmates, but pharmacological treatment has not yet been evaluated in this group.AimsTo evaluate osmotic-release oral system (OROS) methylphenidate in adult male long-term prison inmates with ADHD.MethodRandomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled 5-week trial, followed by 47-week open-label extension in 30 prison inmates with ADHD and comorbid disorders. Primary outcome was level of ADHD symptoms after 5 weeks, evaluated by a masked assessor. Secondary outcomes were self-reported ADHD symptoms, global severity and global functioning throughout the 52-week trial, and post hoc treatment response and numbers needed to treat (NNT) (trial registration: NCT00482313.)ResultsTreatment significantly improved ADHD during the trial (P<0.001; Cohen's d = 2.17), with reduced symptom severity and improved global functioning. The placebo response, cardiovascular measures and adverse events were non-significant; the NNT was 1.1. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms, global severity and global functioning continued to improve during the open-label extension.ConclusionsOsmotic-release oral system methylphenidate is an effective treatment for adult male prison inmates with ADHD.
Low-Dose Zoledronate in Osteopenic Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Grey Andrew , Bolland Mark , Wong Sumwai , Horne Anne , Gamble Greg , Reid Ian R. 
Published: November 2011

Context:
Annual iv administration of 5 mg zoledronate decreases fracture risk. The skeletal effects of annual treatment with doses of zoledronate under 4 mg have not been assessed.

Objective:
Our objective was to determine the skeletal effects of single doses of zoledronate of 5 mg or less.

Design, Setting, and Participants:
This was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial over 1 yr at an academic research center in 180 postmenopausal women with osteopenia.

Intervention:
Intervention was a single baseline administration of iv zoledronate in doses of 1, 2.5, or 5 mg, or placebo.

Main Outcome Measures:
The primary endpoint was change in bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine. Secondary endpoints were change in BMD at the proximal femur and total body and changes in biochemical markers of bone turnover.

Results:
After 12 months, change in spine BMD was greater in each of the zoledronate groups than in the placebo group [mean (95% confidence interval) difference vs. placebo was 3.5% (2.2–4.8%) for 1 mg, 4.0% (2.7–5.3%) for 2.5 mg, and 3.6% (2.3–4.9%) for 5 mg zoledronate, P &lt; 0.001 for each dose]. Change in BMD at the total hip was greater in each of the zoledronate groups than the placebo group [mean (95% confidence interval) difference vs. placebo was 2.7% (1.9–3.5%) for 1 mg, 3.6% (2.8–4.4%) for 2.5 mg, and 3.6% (2.8–4.4%) for 5 mg zoledronate, P &lt; 0.001 for each dose]. Each of the bone turnover markers, β-C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen and procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide, was lower by at least 40% in each of the zoledronate groups than the placebo group throughout the trial (P &lt; 0.001 vs. placebo for each marker for each dose). There was evidence for a dose-dependent effect of zoledronate on each of the markers (P for trend &lt;0.001).

Conclusion:
Annual administration of doses of iv zoledronate lower than 5 mg produces substantial antiresorptive effects. Trials assessing the antifracture efficacy of low doses of zoledronate are justified.
An inverse problem for the wave equation
Authors: Boumenir Amin , Tuan Vu Kim 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
In the first part of this article, we show that we can recover the coefficient q in the one-dimensional wave equation from a finite number of special lateral measurements. Moreover, if some estimates on the size of q are available, then q can be recovered from a single boundary measurement. In the second part we treat the multidimensional case and show how we can reconstruct the coefficient q from a sequence of boundary measurements taken at one point only.
Shrinkage rules for variational minimization problems and applications to analytical ultracentrifugation
Authors: Ehler Martin 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Finding a sparse representation of a noisy signal can be modeled as a variational minimization with -sparsity constraints for q less than one. Especially for real-time, online, or iterative applications, in which problems of this type have to be solved multiple times, one needs fast algorithms to compute these minimizers. However, identifying the exact minimizers is computationally expensive. We consider minimization up to a constant factor to circumvent this limitation. We verify that q-dependent modifications of shrinkage rules provide closed formulas for such minimizers. Therefore, their computation is extremely fast. We also introduce a new shrinkage rule which is adapted to q. To support the theoretical results, the proposed method is applied to Landweber iteration with shrinkage used at each iteration step. This approach is utilized to solve the ill-posed problem of analytic ultracentrifugation, a method to determine the size distribution of macromolecules. For relatively pure solutes, our proposed scheme leads to sparser solutions with sharper peaks, higher resolution, and smaller residuals than standard regularization for this problem.
German Economy as a Global Generator of Growth and Development - Trends and Prospects
Authors: Flejterski Stanisław , Jodkowska Lilianna 
Published: November 2011

German Economy as a Global Generator of Growth and Development - Trends and ProspectsThe main objective of this paper is to synthetically present primary sources and agents of Germany's leading position in the global economy at the turn of the I and II decade of the twenty-first century. Economic growth and economic development is the result of many factors of different nature: traditional and modern, objective and subjective, exogenous and endogenous, economic and non-economic, with institutional and cultural to begin with. This universal statement also fully applies to German economy. The German experience in the restructuring of the economy is valuable from the Polish point of view, despite many well-known differences of the two economies. Germany, despite all the economic disruption and the difficulties of a structural nature (with the demographics to begin with), and dilemmas as to the future of the so called social market economy will remain a powerful and rich country. The economic situation of Poland depended, depends and will depend on the global prosperity, and thus the prosperity of our closest partner, i.e. Germany.
International Investment Position Versus External Debt
Authors: Nakonieczna-Kisiel Halina 
Published: November 2011

International Investment Position Versus External Debt
The aim of the paper is to provide an answer to the question which phenomenon is a more accurate reflection of Poland's external imbalance: international investment position or external debt. In the first and the second part of the study the definitions and essence of both categories have been explored, in the third and fourth - tendencies in international investment position and the level of external debt, whereas the last part evaluates the external imbalance in Poland.
Le travail frontalier belgo-néerlandais : le cas du Maasland en Belgique et du Westelijke Mijnstreek aux Pays-Bas
Authors: Cramer Noël 
Published: November 2011

La frontière belgo-néerlandaise est perméable à la circulation des travailleurs. La région frontière du Maasland en Belgique et du Westelijke Mijnstreek aux Pays-Bas, située de part et d'autre de la Meuse, se caractérise par des migrations alternantes nationales et internationales. L'absence de possibilités de travail dans la propre région est déterminante.
Les frontaliers belges sont caractérisés par un nombre total plus élevé que les frontaliers néerlandais. La plupart des navetteurs transfrontaliers appartiennent à la catégorie des ouvriers travaillant dans le secteur secondaire. Le transport organisé par les entreprises est le moyen de communication le plus important. Le travail frontalier donne lieu à un certain nombre de problèmes particuliers.
Evolution des flux de travailleurs frontaliers en Belgique, de 1972 à 1982 [Un essai d'utilisation des statistiques annuelles établies par l'Institut National d'Assurance Maladie-Invalidité (INAMI) ]
Authors: Sevrin Robert 
Published: November 2011

Evolution of the movements of Belgian workers who live near the frontier from 1972 to 1982. An attempt to use the yearly statistics of the National Institute for Health and disablement insurance (INAMI).
Abstract : The author offers a summary of the recent evolution (1972-1982) of the movements of the Belgian workers who live near the border in perusing the yearly I. N. A. M.I. statistics. Beyond the preliminary quantitative study of the movements of the active population at the various frontiers of the Belgian Kingdom, R.S. wants to show the demographic profile of this very particular population. A study based on the scale of the Belgian « arrondissement » well localizes the frontier movements.
Le développement de la géographie de la population en France
Authors: Noin Daniel 
Published: November 2011

The development of geography of population in France.
In France, geography of population has undergone three periods in its development in the past century. It began with Levasseur but the social focus the latter had given the discipline was deviated by Vidal de la Blache whose concerns were primarily ecological. Between the two world wars, geographers went on working on human ecology rather than on geography of population strictly speaking. In 1950, under George's impulse, geography of population studies resumed. This last development, first characterized by a broader range of methods and a demographic orientation, lead in the 1970s to a major increase in research work and to a more radical change in methods.
A canonical model of migration to cities
Authors: Mukherji Shekhar 
Published: November 2011

Un modèle canonique de migration vers les villes.
Un modèle canonique est utilisé pour analyser les relations entre l'exode rural et les migrations inter-urbaines, la structure économique des villes et les flux de capitaux. En fonction de la pénurie d'emplois dans les plus grandes villes, il s'y développe des activités de services occasionnelles.
L'étude envisage conjointement les motifs de migration, la structure économique des villes et les flux de capitaux. La matrice de migration M est l'ensemble dépendant, l'ensemble indépendant étant formé par une combinaisons des matrices I (Investissements) et E (structure économique des villes). On fait apparaître les relations suivantes :
a) les migrants ruraux se retrouvent dans les activités occasionnelles, et sont liés négativement aux ouvriers, qui sont engagés dans les métiers créés par le nouvel investissement ;
b) les migrants interurbains sont attirés par les villes où la construction et le secteur tertiaire dominent sur le secteur industriel ;
c) la migration rurale s'oriente davantage vers les villes qui offrent des possibilités d'emplois de service, que vers les villes industrielles.
Enfin, il n'y a pas de lien entre les flux de migration et les investissements.
Problems of modelling intra-urban migration
Authors: Graham Elspeth 
Published: November 2011

Problèmes de modélisation de la migration intra-urbaine.
Cette communication examine les problèmes et les possibilités de développer un modèle conceptuel général de la migration intra-urbaine. Depuis les travaux de Rossi dans les années cinquante, plusieurs modèles micro-analytiques ont été développés pour représenter les facteurs en jeu dans les décisions de migration. Par exemple, Brown et Moore (1970), Speare, Goldstein et Frey (1975) et plus récemment De Jong et Fawcett (1981) ont contribué à cette entreprise. Tous prétendent que leurs modèles sont susceptibles d'être opérationalisés et de réaliser ainsi une pleine capacité de prédiction. Pourtant les fondements conceptuels de ces modèles présentent toujours un certain nombre de points faibles qui exigent notre attention.
On propose ici que les déplacements de la population d'un domicile à un autre à l'intérieur d'un centre urbain soient considérés comme une catégorie particulière de mouvement migratoire puisqu'ils présentent d'importantes différences par rapport aux migrations internationales et inter-régionales. Ces modèles doivent donc être ajustés et développés afin de tenir compte de ces différences. La diversité de motivation doit être reconnue comme fondamentale pour une conceptualisation adéquate de la décision de se déplacer.
La migration intra-urbaine est importante à la fois comme cause et comme conséquence de l'évolution urbaine. Elle est sujette à une série de contraintes changeantes. Tout modèle microanalytique doit traiter la décision de se déplacer dans le contexte plus large des structures sociales, économiques, politiques et physiques de l'environnement. À l'heure actuelle le problème le plus urgent est celui de l'intégration conceptuelle de la migration intra-urbaine comme comportement motivé et des contraintes et influences structurales qui portent sur ce comportement. De sa solution dépend la construction de modèles conceptuellement sophistiqués.
Bases théoriques et modèles pour une enquête sur la biographie familiale, professionnelle et migratoire
Authors: Courgeau Daniel 
Published: November 2011

Theoretical bases and models for an investigation into the family, occupational and migratory biography.
The study of relations between migrations and occupational and family biography are developed through two complementary ways. The non parametric analysis, generalizing the longitudinal analysis, allows us to isolate local dependencies and independencies between events providing a very wide network of analysis. The parametric analysis, generalizing the analysis of regression, allows to highlight very close links between various phenomena already studied. Finally, these methods are used in the study of more complicated cases.
The geography of unemployment in the United Kingdom in the 1980s
Authors: Salt John 
Published: November 2011

La géographie du chômage au Royaume-Uni dans les années 80.
En dépit d'un demi-siècle de politique régionale et malgré les fortes croissances récentes du chômage, la localisation des problèmes régionaux majeurs du Royaume-Uni subsiste, bien qu'elle ait subi certaines modifications. Cependant, au cours des dernières années, des pertes d'emploi importantes ne sont plus seulement intervenues dans le nord (sauf le nord de l'Ecosse) et les grandes conurbations industrielles, comme c'était le cas précédemment, mais touchent aussi l'Angleterre des petites villes et toutes les catégories d'emploi. Simultanément, la population en âge de travail continue d'augmenter. L'article analyse la géographie du chômage à trois échelles : régionale (le sud est en gros mieux loti que le nord), locale, micro-locale (divisions de recensement). Les politiques gouvernementales ont réagi à l'aveuglette à la croissance du chômage.
Activité et chômage en Espagne. Contrastes dans l'espace et le temps (1955-1984)
Authors: Garcia Ballesteros Aurora , Del Pozo Rivera E. , Bosque Sendra J. , Vandermotten Christian 
Published: November 2011

Activity and unemployment in Spain. Spatial pattern and evolution (1955-1984)
The evolution in time (1955-1984) and the spatial pattern of Spanish unemployment and working population are studied. Both the gender and the age of people have a great influence upon those two aspects.
Les dimensions historique et structurelle de la différenciation sociale de l'espace urbain : l'exemple bruxellois
Authors: Kesteloot Christian 
Published: November 2011

The historical and structural dimensions of the social differentiation of urban space: the case of Brussels.

The historical dimension of residential space describes the present-day situation in terms of historical forms of organisation of urban space. These forms have changed with the mode of reproduction of the labour force during the three periods of economic growth since the industrial revolution.
The structural dimension refers to the organisation and functioning of the housing market, which assign a location within this differentiated urban space to the households.
These two dimensions explain the correspondence between household and housing characteristics in urban space. This gives rise to different residential subspaces which
contribute to the general process of social reproduction.
The paper is illustrated by the case of Brussels.
Intracorneal Ring Segments Implantation Followed By Same-day Photorefractive Keratectomy and Corneal Collagen Cross-linking in Keratoconus
Authors: Iovieno Alfonso , Légaré Marie Eve , Rootman Daniel B. , Yeung Sonia N. , Kim Peter , Rootman David S. 
Published: November 2011

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the efficacy of intrastromal corneal ring segments implantation followed by same-day photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and ultraviolet-A/riboflavin collagen cross-linking (CXL) in patients with keratoconus.

METHODS:
Four patients (five eyes) were included in the study. All patients first underwent femtosecond laser–enabled placement of intracorneal ring segments (Intacs, Addition Technology). Uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) and keratometry readings remained stable for 6 months. Same-day PRK and CXL were subsequently performed in all patients.

RESULTS:
Six months after Intacs plus PRK/CXL, significant improvements were noted for UDVA, CDVA, spherical equivalent refraction, keratometry, and total aberrations. No patient lost lines of CDVA or developed haze.

CONCLUSIONS:
The combination of intracorneal ring segments implantation followed by sequential same-day PRK/CXL may be a reasonable option for improving visual acuity in select patients with keratoconus.
A Comparison of the Ex-PRESS
™
Mini Glaucoma Shunt With Standard Trabeculectomy in the Surgical Treatment of Glaucoma
Authors: Marzette Lionel , Herndon Leon W. 
Published: November 2011

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To compare the success and complication rates of patients with glaucoma who had an Ex-PRESS mini glaucoma shunt device implantation (Optonol, Ltd., Neve Ilan, Israel) to those who had conventional trabeculectomy.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
The records of 76 eyes of 69 consecutive subjects who had Ex-PRESS implants and 77 eyes of 65 consecutive controls who had trabeculectomy procedures were reviewed. All surgeries were performed by one of the authors (LWH). Success was defined as an intraocular pressure (IOP) between 5 and 21 mm Hg in patients who did not require further glaucoma surgery in the eye of note.

RESULTS:

The difference in the percentage of cases of postoperative hypotony between the standard trabeculectomy group (16%) and the Ex-PRESS group (4%) was statistically significant (
P
= .023).

CONCLUSION:
The Ex-PRESS device is at least as effective as the standard trabeculectomy in lowering the IOP of patients with glaucoma, with a significantly lower risk of postoperative hypotony. The data further suggest that the Ex-PRESS device results in an overall greater percentage reduction in IOP than with trabeculectomy, although this did not reach statistical significance.
Is the nail psoriasis severity index reliable in the assessment of nail psoriasis by rheumatologists?
Authors: Lubrano Ennio , Scrivo Rossana , Cantini Fabrizio , Marchesoni Antonio , Mathieu Alessandro , Olivieri Ignazio , Salvarani Carlo , Scarpa Raffaele , Spadaro Antonio 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the agreement and reliability of the Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI) in the assessment of nail involvement in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) when performed by rheumatologists with no experience in using this instrument.MethodsIn total, 3 women with PsA, satisfying the Classification of Psoriatic Arthritis Study Group criteria, with nail involvement were selected from an outpatient clinic devoted to PsA. The assessors consisted of 2 groups: 8 expert rheumatologists in the field of PsA who were members of the Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis and had extensive experience of >10 years, and 69 rheumatologists who had never previously used the NAPSI. A video showing the nail of each selected patient (patient A, patient B, and patient C) with the most nail PsA dystrophy was shown to these 2 groups. The 8 assessors of the first group, previously trained in using the NAPSI, evaluated the 3 videos independently by using the NAPSI score. The second group scored the NAPSI after an educational session. This evaluation was repeated after 6 hours with a different sequence of videos (unpaired fashion). Interreader and intrareader reliability were estimated by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).ResultsThe interreader reliability showed ICC 0.934 (95% CI 0.7504–0.9983). Intrareader reliability showed ICC 0.463 (95% CI 0.134–0.668), ICC 0.148 (95% CI 0.3767–0.4722), and ICC 0.354 (95% CI 0.0425–0.600) for patient A, patient B, and patient C, respectively.ConclusionThese results show that the NAPSI may be an unreliable instrument to assess nail involvement when used by untrained rheumatologists in clinical practice.
A Combined Plasmachemical and Emulsion Templating Approach for Actuated Macroporous Scaffolds
Authors: Morsch Suzanne , Wood Thomas J. , Schofield Wayne C. E. , Badyal Jas Pal S. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractFunctionalised macroporous scaffolds have been fabricated by a decoupled two‐step approach comprising plasmachemical deposition of the host material followed by spontaneous emulsion formation using templating molecules. This unique approach allows pore architecture and surface functionalisation to be tailored independently. Other key features encompass conformality to a range of substrate materials or geometries, and the scope for introduction of a wide variety of pore surface functionalities, which for instance include pore size actuation.