bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exclusion of Saccharomyces kudriavzevii from a wine model system mediated by Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Arroyo‐López F. Noé , Pérez‐Través Laura , Querol Amparo , Barrio Eladio 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis study investigated the competition and potential hybrid generation between the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae and S. kudriavzevii in a wine‐model environment. Our main goal was to understand why S. kudriavzevii has not been found in wine fermentations whilst their hybrids are present. Auxotrophic mutants (Ura− and Lys−) were used to favour the selection of hybrids and to specifically differentiate the two species in mixed fermentations carried out at different temperatures (17 °C, 24 °C and 31 °C). Both yeasts showed a reduction in their maximum specific growth rates in mixed fermentations, indicating a clear antagonistic effect between the two microorganisms. Temperature played an important role in this competition. In this way, S. kudriavzevii was less affected at 17 °C, but S. cerevisiae was clearly the best competitor at 31 °C, preventing the growth of S. kudriavzevii. Population levels of S. kudriavzevii always significantly decreased in the presence of S. cerevisiae. Ethanol was measured throughout the fermentations and in all cases S. kudriavzevii growth was arrested when ethanol levels were < 5 g/l, indicating that this compound did not influence the competitive exclusion of S. kudriavzevii. Killer factors were also discarded due to the K− R− phenotype of both strains. Finally, no prototrophic interspecific hybrids were isolated in small‐scale fermentations at any temperature assayed. Our results show that the lack of competitiveness exhibited by S. kudriavzevii, especially at high temperatures, explains the absence of this species in wine fermentations, suggesting that natural S. cerevisiae × S. kudriavzevii hybrids most likely originated in wild environments rather than in industrial fermentations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term population trends of endangered Hawaiian waterbirds
Authors: Reed J. Michael , Elphick Chris S. , Ieno Elena N. , Zuur Alain F. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe analyzed long‐term winter survey data (1956–2007) for three endangered waterbirds endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, the Hawaiian moorhen (Gallinula chloropus sandvicensis), Hawaiian coot (Fulica alai), and Hawaiian stilt (Himantopus mexicanus knudseni). Time series were analyzed by species–island combinations using generalized additive models, with alternative models compared using Akaike information criterion (AIC). The best model included three smoothers, one for each species. Our analyses show that all three of the endangered Hawaiian waterbirds have increased in population size over the past three decades. The Hawaiian moorhen increase has been slower in more recent years than earlier in the survey period, but Hawaiian coot and stilt numbers still exhibit steep increases. The patterns of population size increase also varied by island, although this effect was less influential than that between species. In contrast to earlier studies, we found no evidence that rainfall affects counts of the target species. Significant population increases were found on islands where most wetland protection has occurred (Oahu, Kauai), while weak or no increases were found on islands with few wetlands or less protection (Hawaii, Maui). Increased protection and management, especially on Maui where potential is greatest, would likely result in continued population gains, increasing the potential for meeting population recovery goals.
Refining the Sensory and Motor Ratunculus of the Rodent Upper Extremity: Evaluation of the C7 Nerve Root Using fMRI and Direct Nerve Stimulation
Authors: Hettinger Patrick C. , Li Rupeng , Yan Ji-Geng , Cho Younghoon R. , Sanger James , Dzwierzynski William , Pawela Christopher P. , Hyde James S. , Matloub Hani S. 
Published: February 2011

Background Since the 1980s, the C7 nerve root has gained clinical relevance as a donor nerve in severe brachial plexus root avulsion injuries. Despite success with the cross-chest C7 nerve transfer, inducing injury on an otherwise normal side hinders global acceptance. By sacrificing the C7 nerve root, a predictable pattern of transient sequelae is seen, including extensor weakness and index and middle finger anesthesia. The purpose of this study is to observe cortical activity during direct stimulation of the C7 nerve root using blood oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a rat model. Methods A total of 12 male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 200–250 g, were used in this study. Following an acclimation period of 1 week, 12 rats underwent exposure and dissection of the brachial plexus. Seven rats underwent placement of an implantable electrode (AISI 304, Plastics1, Roanoke, VA, USA) on the C7 nerve root, while five rats underwent electrode placement on the radial nerve. All animals then underwent fMRI during direct nerve stimulation. Ten consecutive coronal images were obtained during nerve stimulation, using a 9.4-T small-animal MRI scanner. Results Cortical activation is seen within a very specific area of the primary sensory region of the forelimb during C7 nerve root stimulation. The cortical activation seen during radial nerve stimulation includes that seen during C7 stimulation but extends several slices caudally. Conclusions The sensory representation of the C7 nerve root is seen in only a small area in the S1FL region compared to that seen in the terminal branches of the brachial plexus. However, this area shows a significant overlap with the S1FL area of activation seen during radial nerve stimulation. This makes sense as the C7 nerve root contributes some, but not all, sensory axons to the radial nerve. Mapping of the C7 cortical representation in the rat brain not only adds to the ongoing development of the motor and sensory ratunculus but also provides an important foundation to study subsequent C7 donor nerve models.
Traumatic brachial artery pseudoaneurysm diagnosed in the emergency department with point-of-care bedside ultrasound
Authors: Ang Shiang-Hu 
Published: February 2011

Abstract

Case
A 55-year-old gentleman was referred to the emergency department for penetrating trauma of his left upper arm. X-rays identified a metallic foreign body. Clinical examination revealed a swollen left upper arm with a pulsatile mass. Point-of-care bedside ultrasound in the ED confirmed a traumatic brachial artery pseudoaneurysm.

Discussion
The features of a peripheral pseudoaneurysm and its ultrasonographic appearance in both B-mode, and color Doppler imaging.
The skeleton and musculature on foetal MRI
Authors: Nemec Ursula , Nemec Stefan F. , Krakow Deborah , Brugger Peter C. , Malinger Gustavo , Graham John M. , Rimoin David L. , Prayer Daniela 
Published: February 2011

Abstract

Background
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used as an adjunct to ultrasound in prenatal imaging, the latter being the standard technique in obstetrical medicine.

Methods
Initial results demonstrate the ability to visualise the foetal skeleton and muscles on MRI, and highlight the potentially useful applications for foetal MRI, which has significantly profited from innovations in sequence technology. Echoplanar imaging, thick-slab T2-weighted (w) imaging, and dynamic sequences are techniques complementary to classical T2-w imaging.

Results
Recent study data indicate that foetal MRI may be useful in the imaging of spinal dysraphism and in differentiating between isolated and complex skeletal deformities with associated congenital malformations, which might have an impact on pre- and postnatal management.

Conclusion
More research and technical refinement will be necessary to investigate normal human skeletal development and to identify MR imaging characteristics of skeletal abnormalities.
Child Underreporting, Fertility, and Sex Ratio Imbalance in China
Authors: Goodkind Daniel 
Published: February 2011

AbstractChild underreporting is often neglected in studies of fertility and sex ratio imbalance in China. To improve estimates of these measures, I use intercensal comparisons to identify a rise in underreporting, which followed the increased enforcement and penalization under the birth planning system in 1991. A new triangulation of evidence indicates that about 19% of children at ages 0–4 were unreported in the 2000 census, more than double that of the 1990 census. This evidence contradicts assumptions underlying the fertility estimates of most recent studies. Yet, the analysis also suggests that China’s fertility in the late 1990s (and perhaps beyond) was below officially adjusted levels. I then conduct a similar intercensal analysis of sex ratios of births and children, which are the world’s highest primarily because of prenatal sex selection. However, given excess underreporting of young daughters, especially pronounced just after 1990, estimated ratios are lower than reported ratios. Sex ratios in areas with a “1.5-child” policy are especially distorted because of excess daughter underreporting, as well as sex-linked stopping rules and other factors, although it is unclear whether such policies increase use of prenatal sex selection. China’s sex ratio at birth, once it is standardized by birth order, fell between 2000 and 2005 and showed a continuing excess in urban China, not rural China.
Children’s Experiences After the Unintended Birth of a Sibling
Authors: Barber Jennifer S. , East Patricia L. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
This study examines whether children with a younger sibling whose birth was unintended experience larger declines in the quality of their home environment and larger increases in behavioral problems than children whose younger sibling’s birth was intended. We use data from the NLSY79 to estimate cross-lag regression models that assess changes in the home environment and children’s behavioral problems after the birth of a sibling (intended or unintended). Results are consistent with our hypotheses, finding that, indeed, unintended births have negative spillover effects. Compared with children whose sibling’s birth was intended, both boys and girls whose sibling’s birth was unintended experienced larger declines in the quality of their home environment, and boys had larger increases in behavioral problems. We also find some unexpected evidence that mistimed births may have larger negative effects than unwanted births. This deserves further research, and we offer some possible explanations that could guide those investigations.
Real‐time bladder volume monitoring by the application of a new implantable bladder volume sensor for a small animal model
Authors: Lee Dong Sup , Kim Su Jin , Sohn Dong Wan , Choi Bumkyoo , Lee Moon Kyu , Lee Seung Joon , Kim Sae Woong 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAlthough real‐time monitoring of bladder volume together with intravesical pressure can provide more information for understanding the functional changes of the urinary bladder, it still entails difficulties in the accurate prediction of real‐time bladder volume in urodynamic studies with small animal models. We studied a new implantable bladder volume monitoring device with eight rats. During cystometry, microelectrodes prepared by the microelectromechanical systems process were placed symmetrically on both lateral walls of the bladder, and the expanded bladder volume was calculated. Immunohistological study was done after 1 week and after 4 weeks to evaluate the biocompatibility of the microelectrode. From the point that infused saline volume into the bladder was higher than 0.6 mL, estimated bladder volume was statistically correlated with the volume of saline injected (p < 0.01). Additionally, the microelectromechanical system microelectrodes used in this study showed reliable biocompatibility. Therefore, the device can be used to evaluate changes in bladder volume in studies with small animals, and it may help to provide more information about functional changes in the bladder in laboratory studies. Furthermore, owing to its biocompatibility, the device could be chronically implanted in conscious ambulating animals, thus allowing a novel longitudinal study to be performed for a specific purpose.
The Function of Parents and Their Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Murphy Nancy , Caplin Deidre A. , Christian Becky J. , Luther Brenda L. , Holobkov Richard , Young Paul C. 
Published: February 2011

ObjectiveTo determine associations between the function of parents and that of their children with cerebral palsy (CP) and the influence of the levels of the child's impairment, parenting stress, parent self‐efficacy, and family functioning.DesignDescriptive correlational cross‐sectional survey.SettingAcademic tertiary care children's hospital and pediatric specialty orthopedic hospital in the intermountain West.ParticipantsA total of 51 parents or guardians who provide the majority of daily care in their homes for their children with CP between the ages of 5 and 18 years.MethodsSurvey of a convenience sample of parents of children with CP.Main Outcome Measurements(1) Short‐form 36 Health Survey v2.0 to measure parent mental and physical health; (2) Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory v4.0 to measure the physical, social, school, emotional and psychosocial function, and total quality of life of their children with CP; (3) Gross Motor Function Classification System to assess severity of the child's CP; (4) Parenting Stress Index; (5) Family Environment Scale, relationship dimension; and (6) Self‐Efficacy for Parenting Tasks Index.ResultsPositive correlations were found between parent physical health and the physical function of their children with CP (r = 0.32) and between parent mental health and the emotional function (r = 0.46), psychosocial function (r = 0.40), and total health‐related quality of life (r = 0.38) of their children. When adjusting for severity of CP, we found that parenting stress and parenting self‐efficacy attenuated these relationships to varying degrees.ConclusionsA clear positive correlation was found between the function of parents and the function of their children with CP. Although a cross‐sectional study does not demonstrate the direction of the relationship, it seems reasonable to conclude that clinicians who are attempting to directly maximize child function should also consider the potential value of interventions that support and improve parent function, particularly mental health.
Brauer group of a moduli space of parabolic vector bundles over a curve
Authors: Biswas Indranil , Dey Arijit 
Published: February 2011

AbstractLet be a moduli space of stable parabolic vector bundles of rank n ≥ 2 and fixed determinant of degree d over a compact connected Riemann surface X of genus g(X) ≥ g(X) = 2, then we assume that n > 2. Let m denote the greatest common divisor of d, n and the dimensions of all the successive quotients of the quasi–parabolic filtrations. We prove that the Brauer group Br is isomorphic to the cyclic group ℤ/mℤ. We also show that Br is generated by the Brauer class of the Brauer–Severi variety over obtained by restricting the universal projective bundle over X × .
IPO First-Day Return and Ex Ante Equity Premium
Authors: Guo Hui 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis paper proposes a measure of ex ante equity premium, IPOFDR, which is the average difference between the initial public offering (IPO) offer price and the 1st-trading-day close price. I test the idea in 3 ways. First, there is a positive relation between IPOFDR and future market returns. Second, changes in IPOFDR help explain the cross section of stock returns. Third, the predictive power of IPOFDR for stock returns reflects mainly its close relation with market variance and average idiosyncratic variance—arguably measures of systematic risk. These results cast doubt on the notion that the IPO 1st-day return is a measure of investor sentiment.
The Role of Commonality between CEO and Divisional Managers in Internal Capital Markets
Authors: Gaspar José-Miguel , Massa Massimo 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe study the role played by the informal links, or “connections,” between the chief executive officer (CEO) and the divisional managers of conglomerate organizations. Using data on a large sample of multisegment U.S. corporations from 1996 to 2004, we show that segments run by connected managers receive more investment and exhibit lower sensitivity to cash flow shortfalls (and exhibit higher sensitivity to other segments’ cash flow). At the firm level, having more connected managers presiding over segments with high Tobin’s Q improves resource allocation and increases firm value. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the mutual trust associated with connections reduces the need for wasteful reallocation of resources across divisions of conglomerate firms.
New Methods for Inference in Long-Horizon Regressions
Authors: Hjalmarsson Erik 
Published: February 2011

AbstractI develop new results for long-horizon predictive regressions with overlapping observations. I show that rather than using autocorrelation robust standard errors, the standard t-statistic can simply be divided by the square root of the forecasting horizon to correct for the effects of the overlap in the data. Further, when the regressors are persistent and endogenous, the long-run ordinary least squares (OLS) estimator suffers from the same problems as the short-run OLS estimator, and it is shown how similar corrections and test procedures as those proposed for the short-run case can also be implemented in the long run. An empirical application to stock return predictability shows that, contrary to many popular beliefs, evidence of predictability does not typically become stronger at longer forecasting horizons.
Transorbital approach to infratemporal fossa: novel technique
Authors: Mishra A 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjective:To present a conservative surgical approach, via the transorbital route, for selected cases of infratemporal fossa involvement or inferolateral orbital tumours extending to the infratemporal fossa.Design:Case series report.Setting:Department of ENT, CSM Medical University (King George Medical College), Lucknow, India.Participants:One patient.Main outcome measures:Operative feasibility, intra-operative access, post-operative morbidity and cosmesis.Results:This novel and relatively conservative technique provides excellent exposure in selected cases of infratemporal fossa involvement and has minimal post-operative morbidity. Cosmesis is excellent, as osteotomy is not required and scarring is minimal. There is no risk of trismus, Vth or VIIth cranial nerve injury, or cerebrospinal fluid leakage, and haemostasis is easily achieved.Conclusion:Classical, open approaches to the infratemporal fossa involve considerable morbidity, while conservative approaches have their limitations. Diagnostic uncertainty over a small infratemporal fossa mass (perhaps an extension from an inferolateral orbital tumour) is an uncommon clinical challenge. The transorbital approach described is suited to benign and early malignant tumours, and has excellent results when combined with orbital exenteration (if needed). This paper discusses this approach's technical details and feasibility in different clinical situations, and compares it with other infratemporal fossa approaches.
Détermination et modification dans les expressions N à N en français
Authors: KNITTEL MARIE LAURENCE 
Published: February 2011

RESUMEDans cet article, nous nous intéressons aux compléments du nom indéterminés introduits par à (plante à fleurs, tasse à café), pour lesquels nous proposons une classification fondée sur les propriétés sémantiques du second nom (N2) et le type de relation qu'il entretient avec le premier (N1). Nous montrons que ces propriétés rendent compte du comportement syntaxique de N2 vis-à-vis de la détermination, des numéraux et de la modification. Nous comparons également les N2 indéterminés à ceux qui renvoient à des ingrédients (tarte au citron), et qui apparaissent nécessairement déterminés.
Australian radiation therapists rank technology-related research as most important to radiation therapy
Authors: Cox Jennifer , Halkett Georgia , Anderson Claudia , Heard Robert 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground and purpose: Research is increasingly important in radiation therapy, but radiation therapists (or therapy radiographers) (RTs) are relatively new to research and may have difficulty defining research topics. Our aim was to identify the group interests and focus research priorities of Australian RTs. Although not measured, an additional aim was to make RTs more aware of the relevance of RT research.Materials and methods: An Australia-wide Delphi process was used, examining the problems related to patient care, working with colleagues, and radiotherapy in general, that RTs experienced in their daily work. In an initial study, 374 problems were identified. These were translated into 53 research areas which were prioritised in the second stage of the study. Agreement between groups was analysed using a hierarchical cluster procedure and post hoc Scheffe multiple comparisons.Results: There were three groups of responders with varying degrees of research interest. There was agreed high importance (p > 0.01) for the technical aspects of radiation therapy, such as image guidance, intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and patient positioning. There was significant disagreement (p < 0.001 to p = 0.023) between groups on the importance of patient care research.Conclusions: The strong interest in technical research is consistent with the rapid influx of technology, particularly in imaging. The disagreement on patient-related research may be of concern. The list of potential research areas specific to radiation therapy will be useful for new RT researchers to consider.
Institutions and development: what a difference geography and time make!
Authors: JAMESON KENNETH P. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract:Ha-Joon Chang, in his article ‘Institutions and Economic Development: Theory, Policy, and History’, provides a description and critique of the mainstream view of institutions and development. It applies well to Latin America in the 1980s and 1990s. However, the effort to introduce these Anglo-American institutional structures (Global Standard Institutions; GSIs) in the 1980s and 1990s resulted in uneven and unstable economic performance, not development. As a result, the relationship among institutions, development and economic policy in Latin America today has generally moved far beyond this ‘mainstream’. The institutions to insure macro stability have generally been preserved, and some countries do follow GSI prescriptions. However in most countries, especially in South America, the effort to find the right mix of institutions for development has moved far beyond this mainstream. The result has been innovative initiatives to address more fundamental development issues such as inequality, property rights and international economic institutions. This process is likely to continue, facilitated by the currently robust democratic political systems that grew out of the earlier turmoil.
How to make institutional economics better
Authors: MASELAND ROBBERT 
Published: February 2011

Abstract:This comment criticizes Ha-Joon Chang's assessment of contemporary institutionalism, in his article entitled ‘Institutions and Economic Development: Theory, Policy and History’, for failing to show fundamental problems in the discourse. I argue that the current discourse's insights are structurally biased because it fails to satisfactorily address methodological problems of doing meaningful comparative research. The discourse is characterized by a limited focus on differences of degree, a neglect of interaction, and a tendency to represent societies from a partial perspective. The result is an unbalanced debate that tends towards equating developed country institutions with economic success.