bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sonographic diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy 2 years after total hysterectomy
Authors: Barhate Kishor P. , Domkundwar Shilpa , Patil Nirupama , Pai Bhujang 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe report a case of a 35‐year‐old multigravida with a chief complaint of 8 days of mild pain in the lower abdomen with history of vaginal hysterectomy 2 years prior. Ultrasonography and MRI showed a gestational sac‐like structure with a fetal pole in the pelvis. Urine pregnancy test was positive with increased beta‐HCG levels. Diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy was made. Surgical exploration and subsequent histopathology confirmed the sonographic findings. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2009
Ultrastructural changes of platelet aggregates and fibrin networks in a patient with renal clear cell adenocarcinoma: A scanning electron microscopy study
Authors: Pretorius Etheresia , Bornman Maria S. , Reif Simon , Oberholzer Hester M. , Franz Robert C. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA 47‐year‐old male patient presented with weight loss, hematuria, and a left renal mass, which proved to be a clear cell renal carcinoma with multiple liver, pulmonary and bone metastases. The platelet count was raised initially (414 × 109/L) but declined 10 weeks after a debulking procedure followed by chemotherapy. Fibrin clots were prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) by adding human thrombin to platelet rich plasma (derived by differential centrifugation of fresh blood samples taken from the patient as well as controls). The clots were washed, fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and Dulbecos phosphate buffered saline and prepared for SEM with a Zeiss Ultra 55 FEG SEM. The SEM photographs revealed an altered morphology of the platelet aggregates with multiple breakages in the platelet membrane, showing a pock‐marked, crenated, prune‐like appearance as opposed to the smooth rounded globular membrane of the controls. The ultrastructural morphology of the fibrin bound platelet aggregates in this patient with renal carcinoma therefore showed a disrupted cytoskeletal architecture which appears to be similar to the apoptotic changes of programmed cell death as described by Bornman et al. (2007) and Pretorius et al. (2008). These features may well be a distinct ultrastructural hematological manifestation of a previously unidentified paraneoplastic syndrome. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of some novel tetracyclic imidazole derivatives
Authors: Lombardino Joseph C. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractRepresentatives have been made of three new heterocyclic systems (IIH) containing an imidazole ring. Synthetic routes are described for compounds of type II where X = CH2 (8H‐dibenzo[3,4: 6,7]cyclohept[1,2‐d] imidazoles), and X = CH2CH2 (8,9‐dihydrodibenzo[3,4:7,8]cyclooct[1,2‐d] imidazoles) and X = S (dibenzo[2,3:6,7] thiepin] 4,5‐d] imidazoles). In addition, improved syntheses are presented for some previously known compounds employed as intermediates in this work.
Synthesis of benz[e] indole and benz[g] indole carboxaldehydes
Authors: Hosmane R. S. , Hiremath S. P. , Schneller S. W. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe Vilsmeier‐Haack formylation reaction and several additional reactions have been employed to prepare a variety of benz[e]‐ and benz[g] indole‐2‐ and 3‐carboxaldehydes. Similar conditions have been utilized to prepare several 2,3‐disubstituted benz[g] indole‐5‐carboxaldehydes.
Macrocyclic polycther sulfide syntheses. The preparation of thia‐crown‐5, 6 and 7 compounds
Authors: Bradshaw J. S. , Hui J. Y. , Chan Y. , Haymore B. L. , Izatt R. M. , Christensen J. J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMacroeyclic polyether sulfides have been prepared by reacting an oligoethylene glycol dichloride with a dimercaptan or sodium sulfide as reported in a previous paper (6). The following new compounds were prepared: 1,4,7‐trithia(15‐crown‐5) (1); 1,4,10‐trithia(15‐crown‐5) (II): 1,4,7,10‐tetrathia(15‐crown‐5) (III); I‐thia(18‐crown‐6) (IV); 1,4‐dithia(18‐crown‐6) (V); 1,7‐dithia(18‐crown‐6) (VI); 1,4,7‐trithia(18‐crown‐6) (VII); 1,7‐dithia(21‐crown‐7) (VIII); and 1,4,7‐trithia(21‐crown‐7) (IX). The melting points of these and previously reported thia‐crown compounds correlate with their structures. X‐ray analyses of two thia‐crown compounds indicate that the large sulfur atoms are directed away from the center of the ring.
Synthesis of nucleosides of 5‐substituted‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐carboxamides
Authors: Naik S. R. , Witkowski J. T. , Robins Roland K. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractNucleosides of 5‐substituted‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐carboxamides were prepared by the acid‐catalyzed fusion procedure and by glycosylation of the appropriate trimethylsilyl derivative. The following nucleosides were obtained in two steps starting from methyl 4‐substituted‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐carboxylates: 5‐chloro‐1‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐carboxamide (6), 3‐chloro‐1‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl‐1,2,4‐triazole‐5‐carboxamide (5), 3‐nitro‐1‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl‐1,2,4‐triazole‐5‐carboxamide (12), 3‐amino‐1‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl‐1,2,4‐triazole‐5‐carboxamide (13), 5‐methyl‐1‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐carboxamide (15), and 3‐methyl‐1‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl‐1,2,4‐triazole‐5‐carboxamide (16). In addition, 5‐amino‐1‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐carboxamide (7), and 1‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐carboxamide‐5‐thiol (8) were prepared from 6.
1,3‐Dipolar addition of formonitrile oxide, and hydroxyiminoacetonitrile oxide to some olefins. The synthesis of isoxazolidino[2,3‐b]‐Δ3‐l,2,5‐oxadiazolines
Authors: Fajkos J. , Edwards J. A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe 1,3‐dipolar addition of formonitrile oxide and hydroxyiminoacetonitrile oxide to a variety of olefins is described. The 3‐anti‐aldoximino‐Δ2‐isoxazolines, resulting from the addition of the dimerie hydroxyiminoacetonitrile oxide to the olefinie substrate, undergo base‐catalyzed cyclization to yield novel isoxazolidino[2,3‐b]‐Δ3‐l,2,5‐oxadiazolines. The latter products are rearranged to α‐oximino‐γ‐lactones after additional treatment with base.
Quinazolines and 1,4‐benzodiazepines. LXI. Syntheses of 7‐Acetyl‐1,4‐benzodiazepines
Authors: Ning Robert Y. , Madan Pradeep B. , Sternbach Leo H. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMethods for the synthesis of the biologically active 7‐acetyl‐1,3‐dihydro‐5‐phenyl‐2H‐1,4‐benzodiazepin‐2‐one (6) are described. This includes two new methods for the preparation of 5‐acetyl‐2‐aminobenzophenone (4). The crucial steps in these syntheses involve, respectively, the oxidation of an ethyl group to an acetyl group with permanganate or ceric ions (2 → 3; 5 → 6), the selective reaction of methyl lithium with the cyano group of 7‐cyano‐1,3‐dihydro‐5‐phenyl‐2H‐1,4‐benzodiazepin‐2‐one (8) and the efficient condensation of benzyl cyanide with the ethylene ketal of p‐nitroacetophenone to form the anthranil 11.
Sur quelques analogues fluores des [1] benzothiopyrano[4,3‐b]indoles et des 6H[1] benzothiopyrano[4,3‐b] quinoleines
Authors: Jacquignon A. Croisy Et P. , Fravolini A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractLa synthèse d'analogues fluorés en 2,3 ou 4 des [1]benzothiopyrano[4,3‐b]indoles cancérogènes et des 6H[1]benzothiopyrano[4,3‐b]quinoléines a été effectuée a partir des fluoro thiochromannones correspondantes.Les spectres de RMN à 60 Mc sont décrits pour les six molécules de base.Les tests biologiques relatifs à la recherche d'un éventuel pouvoir cancérogène sont actuellement en cours et permettent d'ores et déjà de classer une des molécules obtenues dans la famille des sarcomogènes puissants.
Synthesis of substituted thieno[2,3‐b]pyrroles
Authors: Crochet Roy A. , Boatright Joan T. , Blanton C. Dewitt , Wie Chwang T. , Hochholzer W. E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA relatively simple route for synthesis of substituted thieno[2,3‐b]pyrroles from readily available starting material and data for structural assignment are reported.
Degradative ring opening of pyrido and pyrazino 3‐benzenesulfonyloxyuracils and their conversion to condensed pyrazolones and triazolones
Authors: Tserng Kou‐Yi , Bauer Ludwig 
Published: April 2009

AbstractRing opening, followed by an immediate Lossen rearrangement, of 3‐benzenesulfonyloxypyrido[3,2‐d, 3,4‐d and 4,3‐d]pyrimidine‐2,4(1H,3H)diones with sodium methoxide in methanol furnished good yields of the methyl esters of 3‐[2‐(methoxycarbonyl)hydrazino]‐2‐, 3‐[2‐(methoxycarbonylhydrazino]‐4‐ and 4‐[2‐(methoxycarbonyl)hydrazino]‐3‐pyridinecarboxylic acids, respectively. These hydrazino esters were cyclized to the corresponding pyridopyrazolones. However, the reaction of 3‐benzenesulfonyloxypyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐2,4(1H,3H)dione with sodium methoxide produced 8‐methoxycarbonyl‐s‐triazolo[4,5‐a]pyridin‐3(2H)one. In similar fashion, sodium methoxide converted 3‐benzenesulfonyloxylumazine to 8‐methoxycarbonyl‐s‐triazolo[4,3‐a]pyrazin‐3(2H)one.
Synthesis of new heterocycles of the benzo[a] quinolizine group V. Synthesis of the 1‐methylhexahydrobenzo[a] quinolizin‐2‐ones. Preparation of the cis‐junction isomer
Authors: Buzas A. , Cossais F. , Jacquet J. P. , Novák L. , Szántay C. S. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe reaction of 3,4‐dihydro‐6,7‐dimethoxyisoquinoline hydrochloride on ethyl vinyl ketone yields two cis and trans benzo[a quinolizinone isomers in variable proportions depending on the pH of the reacting medium. The cis junction isomer can be stabilized and isolated as the β‐propionylethylquinolizinium chloride quaternary salt.
Studies on the syntheses of heterocyclic compounds. Part DLIV. A total synthesis of (±)‐coreximine by thermolysis
Authors: Kametani Tetsuji , Takemura Makoto , Ogasawara Kunio , Fukumoto Keiichiro 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThermolysis of the dibenzyloxy‐substituted benzocyclobutene IXc effected cyclization and mono‐O‐debenzylation to provide a facile route to the total synthesis of the protoberberine isoquinoline (±)‐coreximine (XIII).
Heterocyclic synthesis with β‐ketosulfoxides IV. Synthesis of 3‐substituted chromones
Authors: Klutchko S. , Cohen M. P. , Shavel J. , Von Strandtmann M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA novel synthesis of 3‐(hydroxymethyl)chromones from o‐hydroxy‐ω‐(methylsulfinyl)acetophenones has been developed. These have been utilized in the synthesis of 3‐formyl, 3‐cyano, 3‐carboxy, 3‐carboxamido, 3‐chloromethyl, 3‐aminomethyl and 3‐methoxymethylchromones.
A study of the spectra and acidity of 4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐benz[g]indazol‐7‐ol and 2,3a,4,5‐tetrahydro‐7‐hydroxy‐3a‐methyl‐3H‐benz[g]indazol‐3‐one
Authors: Thyvelikakath George X. , Bramlett Linda J. , Snider Theodore E. , Morris Don L. , Haslam Donald F. , White Wesley D. , Purdie Neil , Durham N. N. , Berlin K. Darrell 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of 2,3a,4,5‐tetrahydro‐7‐hydroxy‐3H‐benz[g]indazol‐3‐one is recorded for the first time. Infrared, pmr, and uv spectral analysis of this pyrazolone and of 4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐benz[g]indazol‐7‐ol strongly support the presence of one tautomer in each case. Measurements of pKa values are in agreement with the proposed tautomeric structures based upon comparisons with simpler model systems. The data are taken in aqueous solution since the compounds are soluble at 10−5 M and the results may more closely approximate that for the structure under physiological conditions.
The synthesis and chemical reactions of certain pyrazolo[1,5‐a]‐1,3,5‐triazines
Authors: Kobe Jože , Robins Roland K. , O'Brien Darrell E. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract3‐Aminopyrazole was utilized as a starting material for the preparation of certain pyrazolo‐[1,5‐a]‐1,3,5‐triazines. 4‐Chloro‐2‐methylthiopyrazolo[1,5‐a]‐1,3,5‐triazine was prepared and used for studies of nucleophilic displacement reactions, and it has been found that both the chloro and methylthio groups may be displaced by nucleophiles. By modifications of these procedures we have prepared the adenine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine analogs of the pyrazolo‐[1,5‐a]‐1,3,5‐triazine ring system. Electrophilic substitution occurs in the 8‐position of this ring system. The methyl group was introduced into the 4‐position by a novel ring opening and ring closing of the 1,3,5‐triazine ring.
Synthesis of 2‐chloro‐2‐imidazoline and its reactivity with aromatic amines, phenols, and thiophenols
Authors: Trani Aldo , Bellasio Elvio 
Published: April 2009

Abstract2‐Chloro‐2‐imidazoline has been synthesized by the reaction of ethylene‐thiourea with chlorine in aqueous solution at 50°. The compound was reacted with aromatic amines, phenols, and thiophenols.
5‐vinyl pyrimidines. I. Synthesis
Authors: Feit B. A. , Teuerstein A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA total synthesis of 5‐vinyl pyrimidine and some of its substituted derivatives is described. The following vinyl pyrimidines have been prepared: 5‐vinyl pyrimidine, 5‐vinyl‐4,6‐dimethoxy pyrimidine, 5‐(α‐bromo) vinyl‐4,6‐dimethoxy pyrimidine.
Chemical constitution and activity of bipyridyliium herbicides. Part VIII. 4‐Bromo‐6,7‐dihydrodipyrido[1,2‐α:2′,1′‐c]‐pyrazinediium dibromide and related compounds
Authors: Pojer P. M. , Summers L. A. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract6‐Chloro‐2,2′‐bipyridyl reacts with sodium alkoxides to afford the corresponding 6‐alkoxy‐2,2′‐bipyridyls, which form 6,7‐dihydro‐4‐oxodipyrido[1,2‐a:2′,1′‐c]pyrazinium bromide on treatment with 1,2‐dibromoethane. 6‐Chloro‐2,2′‐bipyridyl with this reagent gives 4‐bromo‐6,7‐dihydrodipyrido[1,2‐a:2′,1′‐c]pyrazinediium dibromide.
Stereoselective additions of phenylmagnesium bromide to N‐substituted‐2‐azabicyclo[2.2.2]octa‐5‐ and 6‐ones
Authors: Borne Ronald F. , Clark C. Randall , Wade Norman A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe addition of phenylmagnesium bromide to ketones derived from 2‐azabieyclo[2.2.2]‐octane was shown to proceed in a stereoselective manner to produce only one of two possible phenyl alcohol derivatives. Factors affecting the course of addition and the determination of relative stereochemistry of the resulting phenyl alcohols are discussed.
Novel protecting groups. III. A study of the reaction of 2‐picolyl 1‐oxide derivatives with acetic anhydride
Authors: Ikeda Kazuyoshi , Tsuchida Kiyomi , Monma Taeko , Mizuno Yoshihisa 
Published: April 2009

Abstract2‐Picolyl 1‐oxides (I‐VIII) were prepared and the reaction of I‐VII with acetic anhydride was followed by the gas chromatography. In this reaction, the increasing order of the rate of disappearance of the 2‐pieolyl 1‐oxide derivatives was found to be IV>III>VII>I>VI>II>V. Under comparable conditions, a half‐life of VIII is midway between that of I and VI. The 2‐picolyl 1‐oxide group was found to be potentially useful for the blocking of hydroxyl functions of phosphates (viz., VIII), although ca. 4% of the organic phosphate remained unblocked after the deblocking procedure (acetic anhydride treatment and subsequent hydrolysis).
1,2,4‐Triazines. VI. Imidazo[1,2‐b]‐as‐triazines
Authors: Lalezari I. , Levy Y. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractImidazo[1,2‐b]‐as‐triazines were obtained in high yields by heating substituted glyoxaldoximes with 1,2‐diaminoimidazoles in the presence of hydrochloric acid. Phenylglyoxal hydrate in a similar reaction afforded a mixture of 2‐ and 3‐diphenyl‐6‐arylimidazo[1,2‐b]‐as‐triazines. α‐Ketoacids and 1,2‐diaminoimidazoles in the presence of hydrochloric acid afforded 2,6‐disubstituted‐4H‐imidazo[1,2‐b]‐as‐triazin‐3‐ones.
Novel polycyclic heterocycles. XI. Synthesis of 11,12‐dihydropyrido[2,1‐b] [1,3]benzodiazepines, 6H‐pyrido[1,2‐c] [1,3,5]benzoxadiazepines, and 6H‐Pyrido[1,2‐c] [1,3,5]benzothiadiazepines
Authors: Petigara R. B. , Yale Harry L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAn unusually facile dehydrobromination, involving the ortho‐bromine atom and the = NH proton of a 2‐imino‐1‐(phenethyl)‐, 2‐imino‐1‐(phenoxymethyl)‐, or 2‐imino‐1‐(phenylthiomethyl)‐pyridine (2a‐e) has led to the synthesis of three novel bridgehead nitrogen tricyclic systems: 11,12‐dihydropyrido[2,1‐b] [1,3]benzodiazepines (3a,b), 6H‐pyrido[1,2‐c] [1,3,5]benzoxadiazepines (3c,d) and 6H‐pyrido[1,2‐c][1,3,5]benzothiadiazepines (3e). As anticipated, these cyclizations required a base, e.g., potassium carbonate, and a catalyst, e.g., copper bronze. What was unusual, was that these reactions occurred in methanol or n‐propanol, under reflux, either under anhydrous conditions, or in the presence of large amounts of water. The pmr spectra of these compounds are discussed.
Synthése, stéréochimie, et réactivité thermique de (N‐méthylidenealkylamino)‐2 aziridines
Authors: Gelas‐Mialhe Yvonne , Hierle Rolland , Vessière Roger 
Published: April 2009

Abstract1‐Alkyl‐2‐(N‐methylidenealkylamino)aziridines are obtained by the reaction of primary amines with either α‐chloroacraldehyde or α‐chlorocrotonaldehyde. Structural assignments are made by nmr spectroscopy. The thermal rearrangement of 1‐alkyl‐2‐(N‐methylidenealkylamino)‐3‐methylaziridines to pyrroles is described.
Reaction of alkylhydrazines. II. vic‐disubstituted pyridines and pyridopyridazines
Authors: Nematollahi Jay , Kasina Sudhakar , Maness Dale 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA series of 2,3‐disubstituted pyridines and pyrido[2,3‐d]pyridazines have been synthesized. The molecular structure of the compounds have been elucidated by using chromatography; ir, nmr, and mass spectrometry; and chemical methods, in particular metal complexation. The new compounds offer interesting chemistry and are envisaged to function as potential chemotherapeutic and pharmacodynamic agents.
Chemistry of thienopyridines. XVIII. Lithiation as a route to 2‐ and 3‐substituted thieno[2,3‐b]pyridines
Authors: Klemm L. H. , Merrill R. E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTreatment of thieno[2,3‐b]pyridine (1a) with n‐butyllithium in hexane‐tetramethylethylene‐diamine at −70° plus subsequent addition of dimethylformamide produced 2‐formyl‐Ia (66%). Halogen‐metal exchange between 3‐bromothieno[2,3‐b]pyridine and n‐butyllithium was effected in ether at −70. Further reaction of the 3‐lithio‐Ia intermediate with a variety of carbonyl compounds gave 3‐substituted thieno[2,3‐b]pyridines bearing formyl (77%), acetyl, benzoyl, chloroacetyl, ethoxycarbonyl, N‐phenylcarbamyl, and diphenyl hydroxymethyl groups. Common characteristics of these derivatives in pmr and mass spectra are noted.
A new synthesis of 2,3‐disubstituted indoles
Authors: Hillard J. , Reddy K. V. , Majumdar K. C. , Thyagarajan B. S. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA novel synthesis of 2,3‐disubstituted indoles starting from N‐alkyl‐N‐propvnyl anilines is described. The reactions employed are analogous to the thermal rearrangement of aryl propynyl sulfoxides.
Selenium heterocycles XIV. 2,6‐diaryltetrahydroselenopyran‐4‐ones
Authors: Lalezari I. , Ghanbarpour A. , Ghapgharan F. , Niazi Jafari‐Namin M. , Jafari‐Namin R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn our previous communications, we have reported that selenium heterocycles could be easily obtained either by using selenium dioxide (3) or by selenium (4). In continuation of our studies on the synthesis and chemistry of selenium heterocycles, it was of interest to use aluminum selenide as the precursor of selenium in the preparation of selenium heterocycles.
Strained heterocyclic systems. VIII. The mass spectral fragmentations of some arylquinolines and quinoline N‐oxides
Authors: Koch Charles W. , Milberg Richard M. , Katt Robert J. , Markgraf J. Hodge , Wege P. M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractHigh resolution mass spectra of compounds 1—8 were investigated. For the quinolines (1–3) the absence of major peaks other than M+ and (M‐1)+ reflects the stability of those systems. The N‐oxides (4–6) all exhibit major peaks at M+, (M‐16)+, and (M‐17)+. In addition, 4 shows prominent fragmentations reflecting loss of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The pathways are related to the geometries of the N‐oxides; deuterated compounds (7–8) aided these assignments.
Rearrangement of tetrazole ethers willi iodide ions
Authors: Vollmar Arnulf , Hassner Alfred 
Published: April 2009

AbstractO to N Alkyl migration in 1‐aryl‐5‐alkoxytetrazoles was observed on healing the substrates in the presence of sodium iodide. Unlike in similar rearrangements, methyl transfer did not occur in the presence of methyl iodide alone. Solvent effects were also investigated.
Synthesis in the diazasteroid group. III . Syntheses of the 8,16‐ and 8,17‐diazasteroid systems
Authors: Yamazaki Takao , Matoba Katsuhide , Isomura Kazumasa , Nagata Masanori , Castle Raymond N. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBy using 3‐pyrrolidone derivatives as a source of the D ring, the following five diazasteroids were synthesized: 8,16‐diaza‐2,3‐dimethoxy‐15,15,16‐trimethylgona‐1,3,5(10),13‐tetraen‐12‐one (VII), 8,16‐diaza‐2,3‐dimethoxy‐16‐acetylgona‐1,3,5(10),13‐tetraen‐12‐one (X), 8,17‐diaza‐2,3‐dimethoxy‐17‐acetylgona‐1,3,5(10),13‐tetracn‐12‐one (XI), 8,16‐diaza‐16‐acetylgona‐1,3,5(10), 13‐tetraen‐12‐one (XII), and 8,17‐diaza‐17‐acetylgona‐1,3,5(10),13‐tetraen‐12‐one (XIII).
Pentatomie heteroaromatic cations. Note II. Chemical properties of 2‐phenyl‐1,3‐benzoxathiolium perchlorate
Authors: Degani Iacopo , Fochi Rita , Tundo Piero 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe reactions of 2‐phenyl‐1,3‐benzoxathiolium perchlorate with common nucleophilic reagents (water, sodium hydroxide, ethanol, thiophenol, morpholine, phenylmagnesium bromide), with reducing agents (zinc, lithium aluminium hydride) and with manganese dioxide, were studied. In every case the reactions proceed by attack of the reagents at the C‐2 position of the cationic system, giving rise either to 1,3‐benzoxathiole derivatives or to ring‐opening products. The 1,3‐benzoxathiolium salts were shown to be suitable intermediates for converting the carboxylic acids into aldehydes and ketones.
Darstellung einiger diazaphenanthrene durch photocyclisierung der benzylidenaminopyridine und pyridinalaniline
Authors: Perkampus H.‐H. , Behjati B. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAlle isomeren Benzylidenaminopyridine und Pyridinalaniline wurden nach bekannten Methoden hergestellt. Bei ihrer Bestrahlung mit UV‐Licht in konz. Schwefelsäure konnten sechs Diazaphenanthrene synthetisiert werden. Das Ausbleiben der Photocyclisierung der Benzylidenaminopyridine und Pyridinalaniline in neutralen organischen Lösungsmitteln konnte durch eine der Photocyclisierung vorgelagerte schnelle cis‐trans‐Isomerisierung und durch die nicht planare Gemetric dieser Schiff'schen Basen erklärt werden.
Photolysis and Thermolysis of N‐Alkoxycarbonyl‐α‐diazoamide Acetals
Authors: Graziano M. L. , Scarpati R. , Fattorusso E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn the photoysis and thermolysis of 1‐phenyl‐2,2‐dimethoxy‐2‐(N‐alkoxycarbonylamino)‐diazoethanes the presence of the N‐alkoxyearbonylamino substituent is of fundamental importance. In both cases the carbene intermediate, through intramolecular addition to carbonyl oxygen, gives, as main products, oxazole derivatives. In the thermolysis, especially at relatively low temperature (160°), the diazoamide acetals in part cyclize to form triazole derivatives.
Folic acid analogs. Modifications in the benzene‐ring region. 5. 2′,6′‐diazafolic acid
Authors: Roberts Eugene C. , Shealy Y. Fulmer 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of 2′,6′‐diazafolic acid was accomplished by the condensation of 2‐acetylamino‐4(3H)pteridinone‐6‐earboxaldehyde (XIV) with diethyl N‐[(5‐amino‐2‐pyrimidinyl)carbonyl]‐L‐glutamate (XIII) followed by reduction of the anil double bond and alkaline hydrolylic cleavage of the N2‐acetyl and ethyl ester protecting groups. Intermediate XIII was prepared by starling with 5‐nitro‐2‐styrylpyrimidine (VI) and proceeding via 5‐arnino‐2‐styrylpyrimidine (IX). The henzyloxycarbonyl derivative of IX was prepared and oxidized to the corresponding 5‐benzyloxycarbonylaminopyrimidine‐2‐carboxylic acid (XI). The coupling of XI with diethyl L‐glutamate followed by hydrogenolysis of the henzyloxycarbonyl function afforded the desired intermediate XIII. 2′,6′‐Diazafolic acid was a potent inhibitor of Streptococcus faecium and displayed marginal activity against leukemia 1,1210 in mice.