bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case Depth and Static Capacity of Surface Induction-Hardened Rings
Authors: Lai Junbiao , Ovize Pascal , Kuijpers Hans , Bacchettto Andrea , Ioannides Stathis 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Large-size slewing bearings are usually surface hardened by means of induction heating. The load-carrying capacity of the bearing is dependent on, among others, the depth of the hardened layer, i.e., case depth (CD). It is of crucial importance for bearing manufacturers to ensure that sufficient CD is produced to meet the required bearing capacity for the applications. Compared to through-hardened bearings, the calculation method for the load-carrying capacity of surface-hardened bearings, especially the induction-hardened bearings, is not well established. This paper reports on a new calculation method for the static capacity of induction-hardened rings. The method is based on consideration of both the plastic indentation on the raceway and the damage tolerance in the subsurface region. The models for evaluating plastic indentation and subsurface damage have been validated with the standing contact fatigue testing.
Blurring the Boundaries: Tan Dun's Tinte and The First Emperor
Authors: Sheppard W. Anthony 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Tan Dun's 2006 opera The First Emperor dramatically transgresses stylistic, cultural, genre, and aesthetic boundaries and prompts investigation of critical methods and categories. This opera's multiplicity and engagement with the operatic past brings into focus relationships between Chinese, European, and experimental American operatic traditions and Romantic, modernist, and postmodernist modes of Orientalist representation. Powers's study of Puccini's manipulation of multiple styles in Turandot is a model for tracing Tan's stylistic sources and exploring their interaction in The First Emperor. Tan's use of conventions from the Orientalist operatic tradition and treatment of thematic material indicates an attempt to accommodate audience expectations. Other recent operas influenced by Chinese operatic traditions and the recent reception of Chinese opera in the West likely shaped Tan's composition and offer useful contextual and comparative perspectives. The critical reception and revision of this high-profile opera raise issues central to the creation of contemporary opera.
Brahms's “Sinfonie-Serenade” and the Politics of Genre
Authors: Vaillancourt Michael 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Brahms's First Serenade, op. 11, has played a relatively minor role in scholarly accounts of Brahms's stylistic development, which often depict the work as a tentative step toward the composer's “first maturity” or as one of several failed attempts to create a symphony. By contrast, the earliest reviewers of the Serenade heard the piece as a crucial turning point in his career, and they interpreted his choice of genre as a bold statement in the emerging debate on the future course of German music. In this view, the genre of the orchestral serenade forged a link with an idealized Viennese classicism, thereby representing a denial of the ideals of Franz Brendel's “New German” school.
By reading Brahms's Serenade in terms of genre, we can begin to assess the qualities that informed its contemporary reception. Approaching genre as an interpretive mode allows us to understand the composer's provocative juxtaposition of numerous topics of discourse—the symphonic, the pastoral, the sublime, as well as the reinterpretation of specific classical gestures—as a key to the musical meaning of the piece. Brahms's extensive references to music by Mozart, Haydn, and Beethoven go beyond simple allusion to embrace the reinterpretation of compositional techniques that situate the piece within the tradition of instrumental Nachtmusik. Heard through genre, the Serenade thus emerges as a pointed response to mid nineteenth-century theories of radical modernism.
Simulating the Yield Impacts of Organ-Level Quantitative Trait Loci Associated With Drought Response in Maize: A “Gene-to-Phenotype” Modeling Approach
Authors: Chenu Karine , Chapman Scott C , Tardieu François , McLean Greg , Welcker Claude , Hammer Graeme L 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Under drought, substantial genotype–environment (G × E) interactions impede breeding progress for yield. Identifying genetic controls associated with yield response is confounded by poor genetic correlations across testing environments. Part of this problem is related to our inability to account for the interplay of genetic controls, physiological traits, and environmental conditions throughout the crop cycle. We propose a modeling approach to bridge this “gene-to-phenotype” gap. For maize under drought, we simulated the impact of quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling two key processes (leaf and silk elongation) that influence crop growth, water use, and grain yield. Substantial G × E interaction for yield was simulated for hypothetical recombinant inbred lines (RILs) across different seasonal patterns of drought. QTL that accelerated leaf elongation caused an increase in crop leaf area and yield in well-watered or preflowering water deficit conditions, but a reduction in yield under terminal stresses (as such “leafy” genotypes prematurely exhausted the water supply). The QTL impact on yield was substantially enhanced by including pleiotropic effects of these QTL on silk elongation and on consequent grain set. The simulations obtained illustrated the difficulty of interpreting the genetic control of yield for genotypes influenced only by the additive effects of QTL associated with leaf and silk growth. The results highlight the potential of integrative simulation modeling for gene-to-phenotype prediction and for exploiting G × E interactions for complex traits such as drought tolerance.
Flux of aquatic insect productivity to land: comparison of lentic and lotic ecosystems
Authors: Gratton Claudio , Zanden M. Jake Vander 
Published: September 2009

Recently, food web studies have started exploring how resources from one habitat or ecosystem influence trophic interactions in a recipient ecosystem. Benthic production in lakes and streams can be exported to terrestrial habitats via emerging aquatic insects and can therefore link aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, we develop a general conceptual model that highlights zoobenthic production, insect emergence, and ecosystem geometry (driven principally by area‐to‐edge ratio) as important factors modulating the flux of aquatic production across the ecosystem boundary. Emerging insect flux, defined as total insect production emerging per meter of shoreline (g C·m−1·yr−1) is then distributed inland using decay functions and is used to estimate insect deposition rate to terrestrial habitats (g C·m−2·yr−1).Using empirical data from the literature, we simulate insect fluxes across the water–land ecosystem boundary to estimate the distribution of fluxes and insect deposition inland for lakes and streams. In general, zoobenthos in streams are more productive than in lakes (6.67 vs. 1.46 g C·m−2·yr−1) but have lower insect emergence to aquatic production ratios (0.19 vs. 0.30). However, as stream width is on average smaller than lake radius, this results in flux (F) estimates 2½ times greater for lakes than for streams. Ultimately, insect deposition onto land (within 100 m of shore) adjacent to average‐sized lakes (10‐ha lakes, 0.021 g C·m−2·yr−1) is greater than for average‐sized streams (4 m width, 0.002 g C·m−2·yr−1) used in our comparisons. For the average lake (both in size and productivity), insect deposition rate approaches estimates of terrestrial secondary production in low‐productivity ecosystems (e.g., deserts and tundra, ≈0.07 g C·m−2·yr−1). However, larger lakes (1300 ha) and streams (16 m) can have average insect deposition rates (≈0.01–2.4 g C·m−2·yr−1) comparable to estimates of secondary production of more productive ecosystems such as grasslands. Because of the potentially large inputs of emerging aquatic insects into terrestrial habitats, ecosystem processes and terrestrial consumers can be influenced by insect inputs. The relative contribution of lakes and streams to this flux will vary among landscapes depending on the number and size of these ecosystems types on the landscape.
Modeling survival at multi‐population scales using mark–recapture data
Authors: Grosbois V. , Harris M. P. , Anker-Nilssen T. , McCleery R. H. , Shaw D. N. , Morgan B. J. T. , Gimenez O. 
Published: September 2009

The demography of vertebrate populations is governed in part by processes operating at large spatial scales that have synchronizing effects on demographic parameters over large geographic areas, and in part, by local processes that generate fluctuations that are independent across populations. We describe a statistical model for the analysis of individual monitoring data at the multi‐population scale that allows us to (1) split up temporal variation in survival into two components that account for these two types of processes and (2) evaluate the role of environmental factors in generating these two components. We derive from this model an index of synchrony among populations in the pattern of temporal variation in survival, and we evaluate the extent to which environmental factors contribute to synchronize or desynchronize survival variation among populations.When applied to individual monitoring data from four colonies of the Atlantic Puffin (Fratercula arctica), 67% of between‐year variance in adult survival was accounted for by a global spatial‐scale component, indicating substantial synchrony among colonies. Local sea surface temperature (SST) accounted for 40% of the global spatial‐scale component but also for an equally large fraction of the local‐scale component. SST thus acted at the same time as both a synchronizing and a desynchronizing agent. Between‐year variation in adult survival not explained by the effect of local SST was as synchronized as total between‐year variation, suggesting that other unknown environmental factors acted as synchronizing agents.Our approach, which focuses on demographic mechanisms at the multi‐population scale, ideally should be combined with investigations of population size time series in order to characterize thoroughly the processes that underlie patterns of multi‐population dynamics and, ultimately, range dynamics.
Individual- and population-level effects of the synthetic musk, hhcb, on the deposit-feeding polychaete,Capitellasp. I
Authors: Ramskov Tina , Selck Henriette , Salvitod Daniel , Forbes Valery E. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA life table response experiment lasting 120 d was used to investigate the effects of the synthetic polycyclic musk HHCB (1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8-hexamethylcyclopenta-γ-2-benzopyrane; 0, 1.5, 26, 123, and 168 mg/kg dry wt sediment) on the life history of the infaunal polychaete Capitella species I. The HHCB exposure showed no detectable effects on adult survival, age at first reproduction, length of the reproductive period, number of broods, individual worm body volumes, or body size-specific egestion rates. In contrast, HHCB significantly affected juvenile survival (≥123 mg/kg), maturation time (168 mg/kg), total number of eggs produced (≥26 mg/kg), and brood size (≥123 mg/kg) and marginally increased time between breeding attempts (≥26 mg/kg). A declining trend was observed for population growth rate with increasing HHCB concentrations, but differences between the control and exposed groups were not significant. Thus, despite detectable effects of HHCB on individual life-history traits, the results suggest that environmentally realistic concentrations of HHCB are not likely to reduce the growth rate of Capitella sp. I populations.
Emission of biocides from hospitals: Comparing current survey results with European Union default values
Authors: Tluczkiewicz Inga , Bitsch Annette , Hahn Stefan , Hahn Torsten 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Under the European Union (EU) Biocidal Products Directive 98/8/EC, comprehensive evaluations on substances of the Third Priority List were conducted until 31 July 2007. This list includes, among other categories, disinfectants for human hygiene (e.g., skin and surface disinfection). For environmental exposure assessment of biocides, the EU emission scenarios apply. Currently available default values for disinfectants are based on consumption data from not more than 8 hospitals and were originally assembled for other purposes. To revalidate these default values, a survey on annual consumption data was performed in 27 German hospitals. These data were analyzed to provide consumption data per bed and day and per nurse and day for particular categories of active ingredients and were compared with default values from the EU emission scenario documents. Although several deviations were detected, an overall acceptable correspondence between Emission Scenario Documents default values and the current survey data was found. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2010;6:273–280. © 2009 SETAC
Bronchial abnormalities found in a consecutive series of 40 brachycephalic dogs
Authors: De Lorenzi Davide , Bertoncello Diana , Drigo Michele 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Objective—To detect abnormalities of the lower respiratory tract (trachea, principal bronchi, and lobar bronchi) in brachycephalic dogs by use of endoscopy, evaluate the correlation between laryngeal collapse and bronchial abnormalities, and determine whether dogs with bronchial abnormalities have a less favorable postsurgical long-term outcome following correction of brachycephalic syndrome.
Design—Prospective case series study.
Animals—40 client-owned brachycephalic dogs with stertorous breathing and clinical signs of respiratory distress.
Procedures—Brachycephalic dogs anesthetized for pharyngoscopy and laryngoscopy between January 2007 and June 2008 underwent flexible bronchoscopy for systematic evaluation of the principal and lobar bronchi. For dogs that underwent surgical correction of any component of brachycephalic syndrome, owners rated surgical outcome during a follow-up telephone survey. Correlation between laryngeal collapse and bronchial abnormalities and association between bronchial abnormalities and long-term outcome were assessed.
Results—Pugs (n = 20), English Bulldogs (13), and French Bulldogs (7) were affected. A fixed bronchial collapse was recognized in 35 of 40 dogs with a total of 94 bronchial stenoses. Abnormalities were irregularly distributed between hemithoraces; 15 of 94 bronchial abnormalities were detected in the right bronchial system, and 79 of 94 were detected in the left. The left cranial bronchus was the most commonly affected structure, and Pugs were the most severely affected breed. Laryngeal collapse was significantly correlated with severe bronchial collapse; no significant correlation was found between severity of bronchial abnormalities and postsurgical outcome.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Bronchial collapse was a common finding in brachycephalic dogs, and long-term postsurgical outcome was not affected by bronchial stenosis.
Verified Methods for Computing Pareto Sets: General Algorithmic Analysis
Authors: G.-Tóth Boglárka , Kreinovich Vladik 
Published: September 2009

Verified Methods for Computing Pareto Sets: General Algorithmic AnalysisIn many engineering problems, we face multi-objective optimization, with several objective functionsf1, …,fn. We want to provide the user with the Pareto set—a set of all possible solutionsxwhich cannot be improved in all categories (i.e., for whichfj(x') ≥fj(x) for alljandfj(x') >fj(x) for somejis impossible). The user should be able to select an appropriate trade-off between, say, cost and durability. We extend the general results about (verified) algorithmic computability of maxima locations to show that Pareto sets can also be computed.
Verification Techniques for Sensitivity Analysis and Design of Controllers for Nonlinear Dynamic Systems with Uncertainties
Authors: Rauh Andreas , Minisini Johanna , Hofer Eberhard 
Published: September 2009

Verification Techniques for Sensitivity Analysis and Design of Controllers for Nonlinear Dynamic Systems with UncertaintiesControl strategies for nonlinear dynamical systems often make use of special system properties, which are, for example, differential flatness or exact input-output as well as input-to-state linearizability. However, approaches using these properties are unavoidably limited to specific classes of mathematical models. To generalize design procedures and to account for parameter uncertainties as well as modeling errors, an interval arithmetic approach for verified simulation of continuoustime dynamical system models is extended. These extensions are the synthesis, sensitivity analysis, and optimization of open-loop and closed-loop controllers. In addition to the calculation of guaranteed enclosures of the sets of all reachable states, interval arithmetic routines have been developed which verify the controllability and observability of the states of uncertain dynamic systems. Furthermore, they assure asymptotic stability of controlled systems for all possible operating conditions. Based on these results, techniques for trajectory planning can be developed which determine reference signals for linear and nonlinear controllers. For that purpose, limitations of the control variables are taken into account as further constraints. Due to the use of interval techniques, issues of the functionality, robustness, and safety of dynamic systems can be treated in a unified design approach. The presented algorithms are demonstrated for a nonlinear uncertain model of biological wastewater treatment plants.
Uses of New Sensitivity and Dae Solving Methods in SmartMobile for Verified Analysis of Mechanical Systems
Authors: Auer Ekaterina , Luther Wolfram 
Published: September 2009

Uses of New Sensitivity and Dae Solving Methods in SmartMobile for Verified Analysis of Mechanical SystemsSoftware for modeling and simulation (MSS) of mechanical systems helps to reduce production costs for industry. Usually, such software relies on (possibly erroneous) finite precision arithmetic and does not take into account uncertainty in the input data. The program SmartMobile enhances the existing MSS Mobile with verified techniques to provide a guarantee that the obtained results are correct and measure the influence of data uncertainty. In this paper, we outline the main features and functionalities of SmartMobile. In particular, we focus on its use of newly developed methods for sensitivity analysis and DAE solving for several practically relevant mechanical systems.
An Object-Oriented Approach to Simulating Human Gait Motion Based on Motion Tracking
Authors: Tändl Martin , Stark Tobias , Erol Nihat , Löer Franz , Kecskeméthy Andrés 
Published: September 2009

An Object-Oriented Approach to Simulating Human Gait Motion Based on Motion TrackingAccurate bone motion reconstruction from marker tracking is still an open and challenging issue in biomechanics. Presented in this paper is a novel approach to gait motion reconstruction based on kinematical loops and functional skeleton features extracted from segmented Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data. The method uses an alternative path for concatenating relative motion starting at the feet and closing at the hip joints. From the evaluation of discrepancies between predicted and geometrically identified functional data, such as hip joint centers, a cost function is generated with which the prediction model can be optimized. The method is based on the object-oriented multibody library MOBILE, which has already been successfully applied to the development of industrial virtual design environments. The approach has been implemented in a general gait visualization environment termedMobile Body.
Sir Ernst Gombrich and the Barber from Tuscany
Authors: Lang Karen 
Published: September 2009

Sir Ernst Gombrich and the Barber from Tuscany
In the spirit of Sir Ernst Gombrich, this essay uses an anecdote—a chat between Gombrich and a barber from Tuscany—to illustrate a deeper point, namely, how cultural memory, tradition, and a canon give rise to an implied language of culture and cultural value. Gombrich staunchly defended tradition against relativism. By relativism, he meant something like "radical subjectivism." To his mind, subjectivism (in the cultural and social sense of the term) is not only impossible, since meaning is conferred through culture and society, but it is also dangerous (in the cultural and ethical sense of the term), since it denies the existence of shared values. Against consensus on the one hand and radical subjectivism on the other, Gombrich advocated a middle way: criticism and self-criticism to ensure latitude; the search for "truth" to ensure a limited plurality of interpretations.
E. H. Gombrich in 1968: Methodological Individualism and the Contradictions of Conservatism
Authors: Hemingway Andrew 
Published: September 2009

E. H. Gombrich in 1968: Methodological Individualism and the Contradictions of Conservatism
The commonalities Gombrich affirmed between his own positions on science, politics, and art and those of his friend Karl Popper are key to understanding both his work on the history of style and the conservative fulminations on method he published from the early 1950s onwards. United with Popper by their shared experience of exile from fascism, Gombrich failed to register the amateurish character of Popper's political theory and that his aversion to notions of social determination disabled the historian. Popper's skepticism regarding the ontological status of social collectivities and rejection of the concept of totality reinforced Gombrich's suspicions of holistic analysis and led him to fall back on naturalistic descriptions of individuals acting in a social world glued together by such commonsensical categories as "traditions" and "institutions". In this regard he is representative of the common aversion to sociology of the British intellectual establishment in the early Cold War.
Ten Reasons Why E. H. Gombrich is not Connected to Art History
Authors: Elkins James 
Published: September 2009

Ten Reasons Why E. H. Gombrich is not Connected to Art History
This is a speculative essay on the place of E. H. Gombrich in art history. Gombrich is universally known, and still often studied at the undergraduate and graduate levels. He is indispensable for the historiography of the discipline. But at the same time, he is not often cited, and his work is not usually part of the ongoing conversations of the current state of art history or visual studies. This brief essay questions that condition.
Privatization and the Social Value of Water in Africa
Authors: Olutayo Akinpelu , Omobowale Ayokunle , Amzat Jimoh 
Published: September 2009

Privatization and the Social Value of Water in Africa
The paper assesses the current clamor and actual privatization of water in Africa. Though this is said to be done in view of wastage and declining access of people to water, this paper submits that the transformation of the social value of water to economic, is rather a continuation of capitalist quest for profit making, which eventually is at the expense of the poor majority.