bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The infection process of Puccinia xanthii f. sp. ambrosiae-trifidae on Ambrosia trifida
Authors: Zhang Ping , Lu Guo-zhong , Sun Xiao-dong , Zhang Wei , Qu Bo , Tian Xiu-ling 
Published: November 2011

Puccinia xanthii Schwein. f. sp. ambrosiae-trifidae S.W.T. Batra is an obligate parasitic rust fungus of Ambrosia trifida Linn. Field investigations in Liaoning Province, China, showed that it is an effective biocontrol agent of this alien invasive weed. Its infection of the plant was observed by light microscopy combined with Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 staining. We report the infection process, including teliospore germination and basidiospore formation on the host leaf surface, penetration of host tissue, and development of fungal hyphae within the host tissue. Fresh teliospores began to germinate from the germ pore within 1 h under suitable conditions and soon produced basidiospores or secondary basidiospores. Basidiospores falling on host leaves germinated from the end of the basidiospore opposite to the apiculus. Appressoria of germ tubes tended to orient along leaf epidermis cell ridges or at junctions near stomata rather than fixing randomly on the leaf surface. These germ tubes grew for short or longer distances before forming appressoria. The rust fungus directly penetrated the host epidermis by infectious pegs rather than through stomata. Within host tissues, the rust fungus formed intraepidermal vesicles, primary hyphae, intracellular hyphae, and M-haustoria. The intricate infectious structures formed by P. xanthii f. sp. ambrosiae-trifidae on or in host tissues suggest that the rust fungus is a suitable organism for researching the interaction between the pathogen and host plant.
Global Characterization of the SRC-1 Transcriptome Identifies ADAM22 as an ER-Independent Mediator of Endocrine-Resistant Breast Cancer
Authors: McCartan Damian , Bolger Jarlath C. , Fagan Aílis , Byrne Christopher , Hao Yuan , Qin Li , McIlroy Marie , Xu Jianming , Hill Arnold D. , Gaora Peadar Ó , Young Leonie S. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The development of breast cancer resistance to endocrine therapy results from an increase in cellular plasticity that permits the emergence of a hormone-independent tumor. The steroid coactivator protein SRC-1, through interactions with developmental proteins and other nonsteroidal transcription factors, drives this tumor adaptability. In this discovery study, we identified ADAM22, a non-protease member of the ADAM family of disintegrins, as a direct estrogen receptor (ER)-independent target of SRC-1. We confirmed SRC-1 as a regulator of ADAM22 by molecular, cellular, and in vivo studies. ADAM22 functioned in cellular migration and differentiation, and its levels were increased in endocrine resistant-tumors compared with endocrine-sensitive tumors in mouse xenograft models of human breast cancer. Clinically, ADAM22 was found to serve as an independent predictor of poor disease-free survival. Taken together, our findings suggest that SRC-1 switches steroid-responsive tumors to a steroid-resistant state in which the SRC-1 target gene ADAM22 has a critical role, suggesting this molecule as a prognostic and therapeutic drug target that could help improve the treatment of endocrine-resistant breast cancer. Cancer Res; 72(1); 220–9. ©2011 AACR.
Leflunomide Induces Apoptosis in Fludarabine-Resistant and Clinically Refractory CLL Cells
Authors: Dietrich Sascha , Krämer Oliver H. , Hahn Esther , Schäfer Claudia , Giese Thomas , Hess Michael , Tretter Theresa , Rieger Michael , Hüllein Jennifer , Zenz Thorsten , Ho Anthony D. , Dreger Peter , Luft Thomas 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPurpose: Environmental conditions in lymph node proliferation centers protect chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells from apoptotic triggers. This situation can be mimicked by in vitro stimulation with CD40 ligand (CD40L) and interleukin 4 (IL-4). Our study investigates the impact of the drug leflunomide to overcome apoptosis resistance of CLL cells.Experimental Design: CLL cells were stimulated with CD40L and IL-4 and treated with fludarabine and the leflunomide metabolite A771726.Results: Resistance to fludarabine-mediated apoptosis was induced by CD40 activation alone stimulating high levels of BCL-XL and MCL1 protein expression. Apoptosis resistance was further enhanced by a complementary Janus-activated kinase (JAK)/STAT signal induced by IL-4. In contrast, CLL proliferation required both a CD40 and a JAK/STAT signal and could be completely blocked by pan-JAK inhibition. Leflunomide (A771726) antagonized CD40L/IL-4–induced proliferation at very low concentrations (3 μg/mL) reported to inhibit dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. At a concentration of 10 μg/mL, A771726 additionally attenuated STAT3/6 phosphorylation, whereas apoptosis of CD40L/IL-4–activated (“resistant”) CLL cells was achieved with higher concentrations (IC50: 80 μg/mL). Apoptosis was also effectively induced by A771726 in clinically refractory CLL cells with and without a defective p53 pathway. Induction of apoptosis involved inhibition of NF-κB activity and loss of BCL-XL and MCL1 expression. In combination with fludarabine, A771726 synergistically induced apoptosis (IC50: 56 μg/mL).Conclusion: We thus show that A771726 overcomes CD40L/IL-4–mediated resistance to fludarabine in CLL cells of untreated as well as clinically refractory CLL cells. We present a possible novel therapeutic principle for attacking chemoresistant CLL cells. Clin Cancer Res; 18(2); 417–31. ©2011 AACR.
A Combined Epigenetic Therapy Equals the Efficacy of Conventional Chemotherapy in Refractory Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Rodríguez-Paredes Manuel , Esteller Manel 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
A new study by Juergens and colleagues provides the first successful example of a combined epigenetic therapy capable of achieving results similar to those of conventional chemotherapy in refractory metastatic non–small cell lung cancer. Furthermore, the authors describe interesting blood-based DNA methylation biomarkers that may be useful in predicting clinical response. Cancer Discovery; 1(7); 557–9. ©2011 AACR.
Commentary on Juergens et al., p. 598.
The Initiation of Modern “Soft Snowball” and “Hard Snowball” Climates in CCSM3. Part I: The Influences of Solar Luminosity, CO2 Concentration, and the Sea Ice/Snow Albedo Parameterization
Authors: Yang Jun , Peltier W. Richard , Hu Yongyun 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The “Snowball Earth” hypothesis, proposed to explain the Neoproterozoic glacial episodes in the period 750–580 million years ago, suggested that the earth was globally covered by ice/snow during these events. This study addresses the problem of the forcings required for the earth to enter such a state of complete glaciation using the Community Climate System Model, version 3 (CCSM3). All of the simulations performed to address this issue employ the geography and topography of the present-day earth and are employed to explore the combination of factors consisting of total solar luminosity, CO2 concentration, and sea ice/snow albedo parameterization that would be required for such an event to occur. The analyses demonstrate that the critical conditions beyond which runaway ice–albedo feedback will lead to global freezing include 1) a 10%–10.5% reduction in solar radiation with preindustrial greenhouse gas concentrations; 2) a 6% reduction in solar radiation with 17.5 ppmv CO2; or 3) 6% less solar radiation and 286 ppmv CO2 if sea ice albedo is equal to or greater than 0.60 with a snow albedo of 0.78, or if sea ice albedo is 0.58 with a snow albedo equal to or greater than 0.80. These bifurcation points are very sensitive to the sea ice and snow albedo parameterizations. Moreover, “soft Snowball” solutions are found in which tropical open water oceans stably coexist with year-round snow-covered low-latitude continents, implying that tropical continental ice sheets would actually be present. The authors conclude that a “soft Snowball” is entirely plausible, in which the global sea ice fraction may reach as high as 76% and sea ice margins may extend to 10°S(N) latitudes.
Soil Moisture Estimation Using Thermal Inertia: Potential and Sensitivity to Data Conditions
Authors: Matsushima Dai , Kimura Reiji , Shinoda Masato 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Thermal inertia retrieval using a thermal infrared remote sensing technique has been examined as a possible method for estimating soil moisture. This method is an application of the theory that thermal inertia highly correlates with soil water content. This study shows a method for retrieving thermal inertia from a heat budget model of the earth’s surface using radiative surface temperatures, insolation, and meteorological data observed in field experiments. In bare to sparsely vegetated areas, this method has the potential to estimate subsurface soil moisture with a precision of ±3%–4% of the daily volumetric soil moisture content at a significance level of 5%, which is enough to roughly classify thermal inertia estimates into a few levels of soil moisture (e.g., wet, middle, and dry). The analysis also includes an examination of the practical performance of the thermal inertia estimation according to the temporal resolution of the data, assuming the use of satellite and routine meteorological data. It is found that the following combination of data can achieve the precision given above: radiative surface temperature from geostationary/multiple polar orbiting satellites, insolation retrieved from geostationary satellite data, and routine meteorological data.
Emergence of NK-cell progenitors and functionally competent NK-cell lineage subsets in the early mouse embryo
Authors: Tang Yanjuan , Peitzsch Claudia , Charoudeh Hojjatollah Nozad , Cheng Min , Chaves Patricia , Jacobsen Sten Eirik W. , Sitnicka Ewa 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe earliest stages of natural killer (NK)–cell development are not well characterized. In this study, we investigated in different fetal hematopoietic tissues how NK-cell progenitors and their mature NK-cell progeny emerge and expand during fetal development. Here we demonstrate, for the first time, that the counterpart of adult BM Lin−CD122+NK1.1−DX5− NK-cell progenitor (NKP) emerges in the fetal liver at E13.5. After NKP expansion, immature NK cells emerge at E14.5 in the liver and E15.5 in the spleen. Thymic NK cells arise at E15.5, whereas functionally competent cytotoxic NK cells were present in the liver and spleen at E16.5 and E17.5, respectively. Fetal NKPs failed to produce B and myeloid cells but sustained combined NK- and T-lineage potential at the single-cell level. NKPs were also found in the fetal blood, spleen, and thymus. These findings show the emergence and expansion of bipotent NK/T-cell progenitor during fetal and adult lymphopoiesis, further supporting that NK/T-lineage restriction is taking place prethymically. Uncovering the earliest NK-cell developmental stages will provide important clues, helping to understand the origin of diverse NK-cell subsets, their progenitors, and key regulators.
Development of control material for hemoglobin analysis
Authors: Pornprasert Sakorn , Kongthai Kunyakan , Waneesorn Jarurin , Jaiping Kanokwan , Treesuwan Kallayanee 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThere is no certified control material for hemoglobin analysis which has the hemoglobin (Hb)AWashed and dialysed erythrocytes of normal individuals and patients with β-thalassemia trait, HbE trait, β-thalassemia/HbE disease, homozygous HbE were lysed in 5% sucrose solution. The lyophilized hemoglobin control materials were prepared by using a freeze-drying (lyophilization) method. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of lyophilized hemoglobin was performed after storing at –20°C for 1, 15 and 30 days and for 3 months.The chromatograms of lyophilized hemoglobin control materials showed similar patterns and similar levels of HbA, HbAThe lyophilized hemoglobin could be developed and used as control materials for hemoglobin analysis.
The multi-cancer marker, rs6983267, located at region 3 of chromosome 8q24, is associated with prostate cancer in Greek patients but does not contribute to the aggressiveness of the disease
Authors: Papanikolopoulou Amalia , Landt Olfert , Ntoumas Konstantinos , Bolomitis Stefanos , Tyritzis Stavros I. , Constantinides Constantinos , Drakoulis Nikolaos 
Published: November 2011

AbstractRecently, several polymorphisms located on human chromosome 8q24 were found to be associated with prostate cancer risk with different frequency and incidence among the investigated populations. The authors conducted a prostate cancer case-control study in the Greek population to evaluate the association of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs6983267, located at region 3 of chromosome 8q24, with this type of cancer.Samples of total blood from 86 patients with histologically confirmed prostate cancer and 99 healthy individuals were genotyped using real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, Gleason score and levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) at diagnosis were included in the analysis.A highly significant association (odds ratio=2.84 and p-value=0.002) was found between rs6983267 and prostate cancer in the Greek population. The sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values of the presence of G allele for the discrimination between patients and controls were 81.40%, 39.4%, 53.9% and 70.9%, respectively. A lower proportion of homozygotes was found in patients with PSA level <4 ng/mL compared to those with PSA level more than 4 ng/mL (p=0.019). None of the other clinical factors nor the aggressiveness of the disease were found to be significantly associated with rs6983267 genotype.The SNP rs6983267 is an established marker for a range of cancers. In prostate cancer, it indicates an enhanced risk for carriers to develop the disease in general. In our study it showed no association with aggressive forms or familial and early-onset prostate cancer families.
Reconstruction of initial Tsunami waveforms by a truncated SVD method
Authors: Voronina Tatyana 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
This paper proposes an approach to reconstructing initial tsunami waveforms in tsunami source areas based on the inversion of remote measurements of water-level data. This inverse problem is treated as an ill-posed problem of hydrodynamic inversion with tsunami tide gauge records. Tsunami wave propagation is considered within the scope of the linear shallow-water theory. The direct problem is approximated by a finite-difference technique. The ill-posed inverse problem of reconstructing initial tsunami waveforms is regularized by means of a least square inversion using the truncated SVD approach. A so-called r-solution is numerically obtained. The algorithm is verified with real bathymetry data of the Peru subduction zone and synthetic records. It is found that the accuracy of tsunami source reconstruction strongly depends on the signal-to-noise ratio, the azimuthal and temporal coverage of tide gauge stations relative to the target area and the bathymetric features along the wave path.
Application of Multi-Directional Flow Consolidometer for a Constant Rate of Strain Consolidation Test Under Various Drainage Conditions
Authors: Yune Chan-Young , Jung Young-Hoon 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The use of vertical drains in the field demands sophisticated laboratory consolidation testing under various drainage conditions. In this study, a multi-directional flow consolidometer was developed for the constant rate of strain (CRS) consolidation test. This device provides variability in controlling the drainage direction (e.g., vertical, radially inward, radially outward) during K0 consolidation. For each drainage condition, relevant theories for interpreting the CRS testing data have been derived. Reconstituted kaolinite specimens were consolidated at a constant rate of 2.9%/h using the developed device with various drainage directions. The results showed consistent compression behavior, and the anisotropic coefficient of consolidation confirmed the applicability of the device in experiments involving in situ consolidation.
A Method for Path Planning Strategy and Navigation of Service Robot
Authors: Budiharto Widodo , Santoso Ari , Purwanto Djoko , Jazidie Achmad 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis paper presents our work on the development of Path Planning Strategy and Navigation by using ANFIS(Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System)controller for a vision-based service robot. The robot will deliver a cup to a recognized customer and a black line as the guiding track for navigating a robot with a single camera. The contribution of this research includes a proposed architecture of ANFIS controller for vision-based service robot integrated with improved face recognition system using PCA, and the algorithm for moving obstacle avoidance. We also propose a path planning algorithm based on Dijkstra's algorithm to obtain the shortest path for robot to move from the starting point to the destination. In order to avoid moving obstacles, we have proposed an algorithm using binaural ultrasonic sensors. The service robot called Srikandi is also equipped with 4 DOF arm and a framework of face recognition system. The proposed path planning strategy and navigation was tested empirically and proved effective.
An Overview to the Exchange Rate Stability as A Criterion of the Accession to the Euro Zone
Authors: Michalczyk Wawrzyniec 
Published: November 2011

An Overview to the Exchange Rate Stability as A Criterion of the Accession to the Euro Zone
The paper's objective is to present the results of an analysis of the exchange rate convergence criterion fulfilment by the European Union member states which still use their national currencies and the indication of the fundamental determinants that affect their ability to meet it. There is essential legislation on this criterion indicated, as well as on the ERM2 system which is directly related to it, and the stability of the currencies of EU countries is also briefly examined. The major conclusions include the statement that the interpretation of legal provisions on the exchange rate convergence crite rion allows large subjectivity in assessing its fulfilment by each country. On the other hand, significant fluctuations in exchange rates during recent years, can impede considerably their stabilisation prior to the accession to the euro area and extend the necessary stay in ERM2 system, which in turn will in crease the risk of speculation connected with it. Therefore, justified to a certain extent may seem pro posed abolition of the obligation to formal accession to ERM2 and replacing it with a quantitative criterion related solely to exchange rate fluctuations.
La mobilité spatiale : un processus social fondamental
Authors: Bassand Michel , Brulhardt Marie-Claude 
Published: November 2011

Spatial mobility: a fundamental social process.
Society could neither function nor evolve without people's movements in space. The urban world of contemporary industrialized societies particularly requires a fluid and multiform mobility, Michel Bassand and Marie-Claude Brulhardt advocate a general scheme of analysis which combines the five necessary conditions to global apprehension and comprehension of spatial mobility: interdisciplinarity, recognition of the irreductibility of the macro social level (society, space ...) and of agents' level, examination of the factors and consequencies of the flows, systematic approach to spatial mobility, recognition of the interdependance between mobility and spatial organization gnition of the irreductibility of the macro social level (society, space ...) and of agents' level, examination of the factors and consequencies of the flows, systematic approach to spatial mobility, recognition of the interdependance between mobility and spatial organization
La naissance de la démocartographie. Analyse historique et sémiologique
Authors: Palsky Gilles 
Published: November 2011

The birth of demogeography. Historical and semiological analysis.
The cartography of demographic phenomena has been hindered for a long time by the difficulty in finding a symbolism which integrated the spatial variations of quantitative data. The first attempts were made by statisticians or technicians and remained quite formalist. The graphic language of demogeography was progressively constituted with the first works of geographers of population.
Géographie du travail et de la santé : le cas de la mortalité par cancers par secteurs d'activité selon les bassins d'emploi au Québec
Authors: Thouez Jean-Pierre , Godon D. 
Published: November 2011

Les auteurs partent de l'axiome selon lequel le cancer est pratiquement dû à l'exposition à des agents chimiques ou physiques cancérigènes et ils testent l'influence du milieu de travail sur la mortalité par cancer. Pour cela, la population québécoise âgée de 35 à 64 ans est répartie par bassins d'emploi.
Puis en ayant recours à l'analyse de régression, les différentes causes de décès sont mises en parallèle avec les secteurs d'activité. On note, de façon significative une surmortalité par cancer des voies respiratoires dans les bassins où prédominent les industries de première transformation et les mines.
Households in the reduction phase, residential mobility ans housing consumption
Authors: Dieleman Frans M. , Clark W. A. V. , Deurloo M. C. 
Published: November 2011

Les ménages dans la phase de réduction : mobilité résidentielle et consommation de logement.
La littérature sur la mobilité résidentielle nous montre que les familles qui déménagent cherchent un logement en « équilibre » avec la structure de la famille et du revenu familial. Ce sont surtout les jeunes familles, qui pendant leur quinze premières années, la phase de croissance, connaissent une mobilité élevée. La phase suivante a une mobilité considérablement plus basse. Les raisons pour déménager ne s'imposent plus. La réduction du nombre de personnes dans la famille n'entraîne pas nécessairement un déménagement vers un logement « approprié ». Les développements démographiques aux Pays-Bas produiront une augmentation du nombre de familles dans la phase ultérieure de réduction pour la période 1990 à 2010. Ce développement se traduira par une diminution de la mobilité résidentielle moyenne et du taux d'occupation des logements. Ceci entraînera des conséquences considérables pour la politique de logement social.
Aspects de l'évolution démographique récente dans les pays du Moyen-Orient arabe
Authors: Samman Mouna Liliane 
Published: November 2011

Some aspects of the recent demographic evolution in the countries of the Middle East
Over the past 25 or 30 years great progress has been made in the collection of demographic data in the Middle East. This has brought to light the fact that there has been a substantial decline in mortality which, coupled with the continuing high level of fertility in all the countries of the region, has resulted in an increased natural growth rate of 2.9 % per year, one of the highest growth rates in the world. The total population in the area has multiplied by 2.7 in the last thirty years, from 22 millions in 1955 to 59 millions in 1985. Some countries have experienced more rapid urbanization than others, resulting in an uneven distribution of population and with the greatest concentrations being in the major cities and more especially in the capitals. Since 1973 there has been an increase in intra-regional and international migration towards the oil-rich Gulf States, as well as an intensification of family grouping. The socio-economic impact of these changes and the resulting problems does not seem to have compromised the development in the region, partly due to the importance of the revenue from the oil producing countries.