bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the impurity profiles of cloxacillin and flucloxacillin based on liquid chromatography tandem ion trap/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Xu Bingyong , Gao Jiarui , Wang Jian , Wang Fan 
Published: June 2024

RationaleCloxacillin and flucloxacillin are prone to degradation and polymerization in humid and hot environments, and their polymers have long been recognized to trigger allergic manifestations. A series of the degradation and polymerized impurities in cloxacillin and flucloxacillin were separated and characterized to ensure safe use of these drugs by the public.MethodsBy studying the chromatographic behavior of the degradation impurities and polymerized impurities in reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) gradient elution, the impurities in cloxacillin and flucloxacillin were effectively separated and eluted. RP‐HPLC tandem ion trap/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MS) was applied to characterize the structures of unknown impurities eluted from the RP‐HPLC methods for cloxacillin and flucloxacillin. The mechanisms of formation of the impurities in cloxacillin and flucloxacillin were also investigated.ResultsThe structures of 10 unknown impurities in cloxacillin and 8 unknown impurities in flucloxacillin were elucidated based on the high‐resolution MSn data at positive and negative modes, respectively. Six polymerized impurities were found and characterized, of which three were from the polymerization of cloxacillin and three were from the polymerization of flucloxacillin.ConclusionsThe study on the impurity profiles of cloxacillin and flucloxacillin provided a scientific basis for improving their production processes and quality control.
Lipid extraction alters amino acid composition and bulk, but not amino acid, carbon and nitrogen isotope values
Authors: McMahon Kelton W. 
Published: June 2024

RationaleConcerns exist over observed shifts in value and variance of nitrogen isotopes following physicochemical extraction of lipids from organic matter. The mechanisms behind these apparent changes in bulk tissue δ15N values are not fully understood yet have major implications for analytical costs and integrity of data interpretations.MethodsChanges in proximate analysis, amino acid composition, C:N ratios, bulk tissue and amino acid δ13C and δ15N values, and resulting isotope‐based food web metrics were compared between lipid‐intact and lipid‐extracted muscle tissue of fishes spanning <1% to >20% muscle fat content to identify mechanisms of nitrogen isotope fractionation associated with physicochemical lipid extraction.ResultsBulk δ13C and δ15N values increased and %N, C:N ratios and crude protein content decreased following lipid extraction. Resulting bulk isotope niche spacing and overlap varied significantly between lipid‐intact and lipid‐extracted tissues. While amino acid composition significantly changed during lipid extraction, particularly for lipid‐associated amino acids (e.g., Glu, Lys, Ser), individual amino acid δ13C and δ15N values, and their associated compound‐specific isotope analysis of amino acids (CSIA‐AA)‐based food web metrics, did not.ConclusionsPhysicochemical lipid extraction caused significant tissue composition changes (e.g., leaching of amino acids and 15N‐deplete nitrogenous waste) that affected δ13C and δ15N values and tissue %C and %N beyond simply removing lipids. However, lipid extraction did not alter individual amino acid δ13C or δ15N values or their associated CSIA‐AA‐based food web metrics.
Analysis of green total factor productivity in China's forestry industry: Technological, organizational, and environmental framework for sustainable economic development
Authors: Yan Jiale , Işık Cem , Ongan Serdar , Pinzon Stefania , Tillaguango Brayan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAs a green industry, forestry plays a pivotal role in economic and ecological development. Green Total Factor Productivity (GTFP) is a crucial indicator of forestry progress. This paper employs the Non‐Radial Distance Function (NDDF) model to measure forestry GTFP in forestry comprehensively. Additionally, it utilizes fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to explore pathways for enhancing forestry GTFP across technological, organizational, and environmental (TOE) dimensions. The study reveals the following outcomes: Government financial support and six additional antecedent conditions offer three distinct avenues to boost forestry GTFP in forestry. Regional disparities emerge, with technology‐driven pathways predominantly found in eastern provinces, dual‐driven routes centered on average forest land size and forestry carbon sinks (FCS) taking precedence in central provinces, and dual‐driven paths driven by government support and FCS coming to the forefront in western provinces. Under specific circumstances, government financial support and foreign investment exhibit potential interchangeability, facilitating the attainment of elevated forestry GTFP in forestry. However, a constraint arises from operating entities' low average forest land size. Ultimately, this study equips policymakers with a nuanced understanding of the factors shaping forestry GTFP in forestry, enabling them to craft compelling, regionally tailored policies that foster adaptability and contribute to the sustainable development of the forestry sector, recognizing that a one‐size‐fits‐all approach may not be suitable for all regions.
Sensitivity analysis for principal ignorability violation in estimating complier and noncomplier average causal effects
Authors: Nguyen Trang Quynh , Stuart Elizabeth A. , Scharfstein Daniel O. , Ogburn Elizabeth L. 
Published: June 2024

An important strategy for identifying principal causal effects (popular estimands in settings with noncompliance) is to invoke the principal ignorability (PI) assumption. As PI is untestable, it is important to gauge how sensitive effect estimates are to its violation. We focus on this task for the common one‐sided noncompliance setting where there are two principal strata, compliers and noncompliers. Under PI, compliers and noncompliers share the same outcome‐mean‐given‐covariates function under the control condition. For sensitivity analysis, we allow this function to differ between compliers and noncompliers in several ways, indexed by an odds ratio, a generalized odds ratio, a mean ratio, or a standardized mean difference sensitivity parameter. We tailor sensitivity analysis techniques (with any sensitivity parameter choice) to several types of PI‐based main analysis methods, including outcome regression, influence function (IF) based and weighting methods. We discuss range selection for the sensitivity parameter. We illustrate the sensitivity analyses with several outcome types from the JOBS II study. This application estimates nuisance functions parametrically – for simplicity and accessibility. In addition, we establish rate conditions on nonparametric nuisance estimation for IF‐based estimators to be asymptotically normal – with a view to inform nonparametric inference.
Diamond with Unexpected Multi‐Scale Pores
Authors: Li Shuaiqi , Guo Ruiang , Li Qian , Zhang Ruike , Zhang Jiawei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFollowing the diverse structural characteristics and primary usage, diamond products include nano‐polycrystalline diamond (NPD), micron‐polycrystalline diamond (MPD), diamond film, porous diamond, and diamond wire drawing die. Among them, porous diamond possesses a distinctive combination of flexible surface functionality and a remarkably high surface area‐to‐volume ratio (SA/V) compared to traditional bulk materials, which contributes to cross‐cutting applications in catalysis, adsorption, and electrochemistry while retaining the superior traits of diamond, particularly its exceptional chemical inertia. To avoid etching or microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) techniques, this study proposes a high‐temperature and high‐pressure method based on a soluble skeleton (HPHT‐ss) as an efficient and inexpensive approach for synthesizing millimeter‐level porous diamonds. Interestingly, porous diamond synthesized by HPHT‐ss exhibits multiscale pores distributed as macropores (average 75 µm) and mesopores (average 19 nm), which gives it a unique feature compared with other methods. Pertinent temperature‐pressure conditions, HPHT‐ss synthesis, and the formation mechanism of porous diamonds are also thoroughly discussed.
Aspekte der bautechnischen Prüfung von Membrankonstruktionen
Authors: Beck Patrick T. J. , Seiler Josef , Bißwurm Axel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMembrankonstruktionen repräsentieren eine besondere Bauweise, die sich deutlich von denen aus konventionellen Baustoffen wie z. B. Stahl unterscheiden. Die filigranen, leichten und flexiblen Membranwerkstoffe, die ausschließlich auf Zug beansprucht werden können, führen zu einer bionischen, organisch wirkenden Formensprache. Im Gegensatz zur Gestaltung mit etablierten Baustoffen sind die Formen der Membrankonstruktionen jedoch nicht frei gestaltbar, sondern das Resultat eines mechanischen Formfindungsprozesses. Diese Charakteristika von Membrankonstruktionen stellen besondere Herausforderungen an alle am Bau ebendieser Beteiligten: von der Bauherrschaft über den Architekten und Tragwerksplaner bis hin zu den Konfektionären sowie den Bauausführenden und insbesondere den Prüfingenieuren. Der vorliegende Beitrag behandelt Aspekte der bautechnischen Prüfung von Membrankonstruktionen, die von Konstruktionen aus üblichen Baustoffen abweichen. Er stellt Spezifika dieser Bauweise und deren Berücksichtigung in der Prüfung dar und gibt einen Überblick über die für die bautechnische Prüfung erforderlichen Unterlagen. Anhand von Beispielen sollen die Komplexität und die spezifischen Anforderungen, die mit der bautechnischen Prüfung von Membrankonstruktionen verbunden sind, verdeutlicht und verständlich gemacht werden.
GSK‐3β/Notch‐1 Activation Promotes Radiation‐Induced Renal Damage: The Role of Gallic Acid in Mitigation of Nephrotoxicity
Authors: Abdel‐Naby Doaa H. , El‐Sheikh Marwa M. , Abd El‐Rahman Sahar S. , El‐Hamoly Tarek 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTDespite the therapeutic advances in treating malignancies, the efficient radiotherapeutic approaches with deprived adverse reactions still represent a potential clinical inquiry. The current study aims to elucidate the role of gallic acid (GA) in modifying the hazardous renal cytotoxicity induced by acute exposure to radiation. The MTT test was used to evaluate the viability of Vero cells exposed to 2 Gy gamma radiation with or without incubation of GA. In an in vivo model, male Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups (n = 6): Control, Irradiated (IRR, 5 Gy), GA (100 mg/kg, i.p.) + IRR, and Glycogen synthase kinase inhibitor (GSKI, 3 mg/kg, i.p.) + IRR. Based on the MTT toxicity assay, from 0 and up to 5 μM dosages of GA did not demonstrate any cytotoxicity to Vero cells. The optimal GA dose that could protect the cells from radiation was 5 μM. Furthermore, GA exerted a protective effect from gamma radiation on renal tissue as indicated by corrected renal functions, decreased LDH level in serum, and balanced oxidative status, which is indicated by decreased tissue contents of NOx and TBARS with a significant increase of reduced GSH. These outcomes were inferred by the upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression. The overall molecular impact of radiation in damaging the renal tissue may be explained by modifying the upstream AKT activity and its downstream targets GSK‐3β/Notch‐1. Here, we concluded that the anticipated adverse reaction in the course of radiation exposure could be protected by daily administration of GA.
Discrepancies between self‐ and proxy‐rated quality of life in people living with dementia
Authors: Buchholz Maresa , Engel Lidia , Kleinke Fabian , Mühlichen Franka , Pfaff Michelle , Platen Moritz , Rädke Anika , Scharf Annelie , Weber Niklas , van den Berg Neeltje , Hoffmann Wolfgang , Michalowsky Bernhard 
Published: June 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe aim of this study was to analyze discrepancies between self‐ and proxy‐rated health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), measured with the EuroQol 5 Dimension 5 Level survey (EQ‐5D‐5L), in people living with dementia (PlwD) and their caregivers on an individual response level.METHODSEQ‐5D‐5L, sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained from baseline data of n = 174 dyads of a cluster‐randomized, controlled intervention trial. Self‐ and proxy‐rated EQ‐5D‐5L health profiles were evaluated in terms of response distribution and agreement (weighted Kappa), and discrepancies in individual dimension level were analyzed using the Paretian Classification of Health Change (PCHC) as well as the presence and degree of inconsistencies between ratings.RESULTSPlwD had a mean age of 80.1, nearly the half were female and 82.3% were mildly to moderately cognitively impaired. PlwD reported a higher utility index than caregiver proxies (mean 0.75 vs. 0.68, 83% of PlwD > 0.5). According to the PCHC and inconsistency approach, 95% of PlwD rated their health differently compared to proxies; 66% with divergent responses in at least three EQ‐5D‐5L dimensions. Nine dyads (5%) showed identical ratings. Discrepancies of one higher or lower EQ‐5D‐5L response represented the most frequent discrepancy (35.4%). Caregivers were two times more likely to report “moderate problems,” representing the middle of the 5‐point Likert scale. Usual activities had the lowest agreement between ratings (weighted kappa = 0.23). In PlwD reporting no or some problems in EQ‐5D‐5L‐dimensions, proxies were more likely to report more problems and vice versa, especially in the more observable dimension usual activities and less likely in the less observable domains pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression.DISCUSSIONThe central tendency bias observed in proxy‐ratings could be associated with assessment uncertainties, resulting in an underestimation (overestimation) in PlwD reporting better (worse) health. This diverging trend extends the knowledge from previous studies and underlines the need for more methodological research in this area.Highlights
People living with dementia (PlwD) rate their health differently than proxies.
Proxy‐ratings over‐ or underestimate PlwD health when self‐ratings are low or high.
Proxies indicate a possible central tendency bias.
Further research is needed to understand influencing factors.
In vitro antibacterial activity of Bersama abyssinica Fresen crude extract against representative Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacterial isolates
Authors: Mossie Tesfa 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundBersama abyssinica Fresen is a plant that is used in folk medicine for the treatment of mastitis and other infectious diseases.ObiectiveThe antibacterial activity of methanol crude extract of plant was evaluated against three common bacterial pathogens, including Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa).MethodsThe antibacterial activities and minimum inhibitory concentration of B. abyssinica crude extracts were evaluated using agar‐well diffusion and broth dilution methods according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS).ResultsA significant difference in the antibacterial activity of crude extracts was observed among different levels of concentration against tested isolates. A higher mean inhibition zone diameter was recorded in E. coli (29.2 ± 1.5 mm), followed by S. aureus (27.8 ± 1.1 mm) and P. aeruginosa (18.0 ± 0.7 mm) at a concentration of 100 mg/mL. The antibacterial activity of crude plant extract at 100 mg/mL was comparable with that of a standard antibiotic (27.6 ± 2.6) against S. aureus and E. coli isolates. The findings indicated that bacterial growth inhibition increased as the concentration of the crude extracts increased. E. coli and S. aureus isolates showed significantly higher susceptibilities to crude extracts than P. aeruginosa at all concentrations. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of extracts against S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa isolates were 0.78 mg/mL, 1.56 mg/mL and 1.56 mg/mL, respectively.ConclusionsAll tested pathogenic bacterial species were susceptible to plant leaf extract and broad‐spectrum activity against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. The study recommends further fractionation of the B. abyssinica plant that contributes to its antibacterial activity and understands the mode of action of this plant against bacteria and other microbes.
Improving diagnosis of early complications (<1 week) through continuous vital sign monitoring following oncological gastrointestinal surgical procedures
Authors: Lockhorst Elize W. , van Noordenne Milicia , Klouwens Linda , Govaert Klaas M. , de Bruijn Eva , Verhoef Cornelis , Gobardhan Paul D. , Schreinemakers Jennifer M. J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients undergoing major oncological abdominal surgery are prone to postoperative complications, making early recognition crucial. Clinical deterioration is often preceded by changes in vital signs, which are typically measured thrice a day by a nurse. However, intermittent measurements may delay recognizing clinical deterioration. Continuous vital parameter monitoring may lead to earlier recognition and management of complications and reduce nursing workload.ObjectiveTo compare vital parameter measurements between ward nurses and a wireless continuous monitoring system (Sensium® wireless patch) and assess whether this patch can detect clinical deterioration earlier in patients with complications in the first postoperative week.MethodsVital parameters (heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature) were collected in patients undergoing an oncological resection of the liver, colorectal, or pancreas. Sensium® patch measurements were compared to nurses' measurements to assess the percentages of discordant measurements. In patients with complications in the first postoperative week, time discrepancies between nurses and Sensium® patch measurements were identified in cases of clinical deterioration (respiratory rate ≥15/min, heart rate ≥100/min, and temperature ≥38°C).ResultsAmong 227 patients, 22% of the patients experienced complications. Nurse and Sensium® measurements were discrepant in 586/2272 measurements (26%). In 506/586 discrepancies (86%), this was due to the respiratory rate (difference ≥4/min). Compared to nurses, the Sensium® patch detected an elevated respiratory rate 14 h earlier and heart rate 2 h earlier within complications in the first postoperative week. For temperature, no difference was observed.ConclusionContinuous monitoring with the Sensium® wireless patch holds promise for earlier recognition of complications in patients who underwent major oncological abdominal surgery.
Sex differences in altmetric attention scores and traditional impact metrics of top‐cited general surgery literature: Cracks in the ceiling?
Authors: Waqar Usama , Martins Russell Seth , Siddiqui Ayra , Waheed Ayesha Akbar , Ahmed Abdullah , Widad Zara , Maqbool Baila , Wasif Nabil 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundSex disparities have previously been identified in surgical academia. This study examines sex differences in the top‐cited contemporary general surgery articles and compares Altimetric Attention Score (AAS) and other impact metrics between male and female corresponding authors (CAs).MethodsWe conducted a bibliometric analysis of the 100 most cited articles published between 2019 and 2021 in each of the top 10 general surgery journals based on the 2021 Journal Impact Factor. Impact metrics included AAS, citation count, and H‐index of the CA. We used multivariable regression analyses to investigate whether the sex of the CA or first author (FA) was independently associated with AAS and citation count.ResultsAmong 1000 articles, 23.1% had female CAs and 27.4% female FAs. Female CA articles had higher AAS (13.0 [2.0–63.0] vs. 8.0 [1.0–28.5]; p < 0.001) and lower H‐indices (24.0 [11.0–45.0] vs. 31.0 [17.0–50.0]; p = 0.015). Although median citation count did not differ by CA sex, articles with Level 1 evidence and a female CA were cited more often (35.5 [24.0–85.0] vs. 25.0 [16.0 vs. 46.0]; p < 0.05). In multivariable regression, female CA articles had higher AAS (OR: 1.002 [95% CI: 1.001–1.004]) and lower H‐index (OR: 0.987 [95% CI: 0.977–0.997]).ConclusionDespite having similar citation counts, articles authored by female CAs exhibit higher AAS scores compared to those authored by their male counterparts. While it is heartening that research authored by female surgeons achieves significant visibility, it remains to be understood how this translates into academic impact and scholarly recognition.
Application of some calibration strategies in comparison to determine Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Pb in contaminated plants by wavelength dispersive x‐ray fluorescence
Authors: Chuparina Elena V. , Belogolova Galina A. , Baenguev Boris A. , Sokolnikova Julia V. , Zarubina Olga V. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe study of nonstandard samples wherein their element compositions differ from those of routine samples motivates analysts to look for new methodological approaches. To determine the high concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Pb in polluted plants, the authors applied wavelength dispersive x‐ray fluorescence (WDXRF), using three calibration strategies in comparison. The following sets of calibration samples were tested: available plant and biological CRMs; synthetic samples; and “house reference materials” (HRMs). The synthetic samples were prepared, adding small portions of the loose sediment CRMs to a plant CRM. The polluted plant samples, analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, were used as HRMs to construct the calibration curves and validate XRF results. It was ascertained that all three calibration strategies can be used to quantify above elements in contaminated plants, providing different precision of WDXRF results. The calibration procedure with HRMs has provided the least errors in the element determinations. Calibration with synthetic samples causes larger errors due to some differences in chemical compositions between calibration and analyzed samples as well as due to probable errors in the synthetic sample preparation. The calibration with plant and biological samples is of limited applicability in XRF of contaminated plants by reason of narrow content ranges of some elements.
Solar-Based Energy Harvesting and Low-Power Wireless Networks
Authors: Hörmann Leander B. , Karoliny Julian , Peterseil Philipp 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn modern industrial applications, machines and facilities, more and more sensors are used to control and optimise the processes. To be flexible and reduce cost, wireless sensors can be used in a broad range of applications. To prevent regular battery replacement, there is the possibility to supply wireless sensors by energy harvesting. In this chapter, we investigate the possibility to use solar-based energy harvesting to supply wireless sensors. For this, we consider four wireless network protocols and evaluate the power consumption using a simple sensor use case with different communication parameters. We further measure how much power can actually be harvested in a typical office environment with natural light. To provide realistic results, different sensor locations as well as seasonal changes are considered. The evaluations are combined to understand what size of solar cell is needed to supply the considered wireless protocols with different configurations.