bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ROLE OF THE RETICULAR CELLS DURING MATURATION PROCESS OF THE ERYTHROBLAST
Authors: Seki Masatoshi , Yoneyama Tatsuo , Shirasawa Haruyuki 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThrough electron microscopic observations of the normal mouse spleen, the following findings were obtained concerning denucleation mechanism of the erythroblast:1. In mice the nuclei of the erythroblasts are denucleated by phagocytic activity of the reticular cell, located in the center of the erythroblastic islets. In a physiologic state, this mechanism is considered to be playing the main role in denucleation.2. The protoplasmic projection of the reticular cell compresses and makes an infolding between the head and body of the orthochromatic erythroblast, and finally the head is cut off and phagocytized by this reticular cell, leaving the body to develop into a reticulocyte.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONITIS WITH NECROTIZING PULMONARY ARTERITIS
Authors: Kaneko Hiroshi , Ito Hisaaki , Yamazaki Masashi 
Published: August 2010

SummaryAn autopsy case charactarized by changes consistent with recurent interstitial pneumonitis accentuated by necrotizing inflammation of the pulmonary arteries and renal glomeruli was reported.The mechanisms involved in the causation of the set of organic lesions are discussed in the light of other expressions of collagen diseases.Secondary pulmonary hypertension may have played a role in inducing the arterial lesions in the lung.
PATHOLOGY OF RENAL INTERSTITIUM: ‐ESPECIALLY IN VARIOUS INFLAMMATORY DISEASES‐
Authors: TAKAMIYA Haruo 
Published: August 2010

Studies were made with main emphasis on changes in the renal interstitium, using 301 cases including various forms of metabolic disease, drug‐induced nephritis, viral disease, scarlet fever, delayed sepsis, obsolete pulmonary abscess, various cases in the state of prolonged sensitization, various types of collagen disease and glomerulonephritis. Pyelonephritis was excluded from this study, because it was caused directly by bacterial infection.The results induced from the study are that there are two types of interstitial nephritis: the primary type which originates in the interstitium by way of the vascular system and the secondary type which first develops degeneration or necrosis in the tubular epithelium, being followed by an interstitial inflammation. In the former the changes of the interstitium are a simultaneous affair with those of the glomeruli. When diseases are in an allergic hyperergic condition, changes of the glomeruli are more conspicuous than those of the interstitium, though the lesions are diffuse and intense in both. With the state of prolonged sensitization of the diseases or in collagen disease, inflammatory processes become localized within a part of each glomerulus and focalized also in the interstitium, forming such lesions as collected lymphocytic infiltration, occasional lymph follicles or focal fibrosis with proliferation of capillaries and small vessels. When these focalized lesions are seen markedly in the interstitium, an introduction of the morphological expression “Primary interstitial nephritis” is necessary. In typical chronic primary interstitial nephritis, though small in number, the focal interstitial lesions stand out prominent, the glomerular changes being minimal and hyperazotemia is clinically manifest or may become a cause of death. ACTA PATH. JAP. 20: 279–309, 1970.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES OF CIRRHOTIC LIVER ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC ALCOHOLISM: –A Case Report–
Authors: SOGA Jun , TERADA Ichiro , KASUKAWA Masao , KOIZUMI Fumitomo 
Published: August 2010

Ultrastructural observation has been made on a cirrhotic liver in a 44‐year‐old man with a known history of heavy whisky consumption for the past 20 years. Observations were mainly focussed on the mitochondrial changes and perinuclear amorphous granular bodies presumably identical to the so‐called Mallory's alcoholic hyalines.The mitochondrial changes consisted of (1) gigantism and disfiguration of the mitochondria, (2) presence of intramitochondrial crystalline inclusions, (3) aggregation and disorientation of microtubular cristae, and (4) increase in the number and size of mitochondrial granules.The perinuclear amorphous granular bodies were limited in part by an incomplete membrane outlined by scattered electron‐dense bodies suggestive of altered lysosomes, and contained irregularly distributed filamentous structures that were often paired not unlike the fragmented cristae of mitochondria. It is emphasized that these structures are consistent with the so‐called Mallory's alcoholic hyaline bodies and that they make up one of the forms described as focal cytoplasmic degradation.Since no definite evidence of transitional forms has been observed, the relationship between the altered mitochondria and Mallory's hyaline bodies has not been established. ACTA PATH. JAP. 20: 339 ‐ 356, 1970.
FINE STRUCTURE OF XANTHELASMA OF THE STOMACH
Authors: TAKEBAYASHI Shigeo 
Published: August 2010

The foam cell of xanthelasma of the stomach is lipid laden histiocyte having a number of microvilli measuring approximately 0.1 μ in width and 2–3μ in length. In the cytoplasm, a number of lipid particles of vacuolar type and osmophilic type were seen but the former type was more numerous.Lipid particles were also observed in the plasma cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells of the lesion and all these particles were of vacuolar type. It was estimated that the lipid accumulation in the cytoplasm in case of xanthelasma of the stomach is not entirely caused by phagocytosis but by localized change in metabolic pathway of lipid. It is most likely that lipid consists of various constituents including from neutral fat to fatty acids. ACTA PATH. JAP. 20: 357–363, 1970.
ATAXIA‐TELANGIECTASIA
Authors: MATSUO Takeshi , MUTO Yoshihiro , TSUCHIYAMA Hideo 
Published: August 2010

The clinical history and pathological findings in a case of ataxia‐telangiectasia are reported.Clinically the case showed characteristic neurological manifestations and telangiectases with frequent respiratory infections. Absence of IgA immunoglobulins was demonstrated. There is parental consanguinity and a younger sister is also affected.The significant histological abnormalities in the central nervous system were a severe degeneration of the cerebellar cortex. Both lungs were fibrotic with old bronchopneumonia and bronchiectasis. There were atrophy, and perhaps hypoplasia of thymus, spleen and lymph nodes. ACTA PATH. JAP. 20: 379 ‐ 385, 1970.
HEPATITIS‐ASSOCIATED APLASTIC ANEMIA WITH SYSTEMIC PLASMACYTOSIS
Authors: Nishimoto Yukio , Iwahashi Tsukasa , Nishihara Toru , Katayama Hiroyuki , Kueibayashi Koichi , Takao Toshihiko , Saito Koji 
Published: August 2010

An autopsy case of hepatitis associated aplastic anemia was presented. A 58‐year‐old Japanese female with non‐A, non‐B hepatitis was admitted on August 2, 1983. Moderate grade of fever and hemorrhagic diathesis appeared on September 16, when hepatitis was evaluated as being under resolving. The peripheral blood and bone marrow findings were consistent with aplastic anemia. Since infection was suggested by increased levels of serum gamma‐globulin and CRP, treatment with antibiotics as well as prednisolone and blood transfusion was initiated. Since September 21, gradual tenderness and edema on the right lower abdominal wall appeared. She died on October 3.On postmortem examination, systemic plasmacytosis with lymphadenopathy and septic monilial infection was revealed. Numerous plasma cells were atypical, but were immunohistochemically proved to be polyclonal. The bone marrow showed a massive and diffuse plasma cell proliferation with extremely scarce myeloid cells and megakaryocytes. There was a large granulomatous lesion with monilial infection in the wall of the ileocecum. By these findings, systemic plasmacytosis was suspected to be due to chronic monilial infection.The pathogenesis of systemic plasmacytosis in aplastic anemias and in other diseases were discussed with relation to the present case.
Silver‐binding argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) in gall‐bladder cancer: Correlations with malignant grading and prognosis
Authors: Suzuki Tadamichi , Takano Yasuo , Kida Yoshiki , Okudaira Masahiko 
Published: August 2010

Silver‐binding nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) were investigated and compared in 43 cases of gall‐bladder cancers and 10 normal gall‐bladder samples using an image analyzer. The mean numbers of AgNOR per nucleus (AgNOR number) were 3.28 ± 1.38 in the gall‐bladder cancers and 1.86±0.20 in the normal gall‐bladder cases. The respective mean areas of AgNOR per nucleus (AgNOR area) were 6.96±3.78 μm2 and 1.89±0.21 μm2. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.0001) for both parameters. In addition, increased frequency and enlargement were both apparently correlated with poor prognosis (P<0.011 and P < 0.046, respectively), with AgNOR number and AgNOR area showing tendencies for increase in cases of histologi‐cally high grade malignancy, advanced cancer and regional lymph node involvement.In conclusion, AgNOR number and AgNOR area appear to be useful indicators for the grading of malignancies and for the prediction of gall‐bladder cancer prognosis.
Olifantiella mascarenica gen. & sp. nov., a new genus of pennate diatom from Réunion Island, exhibiting a remarkable internal process
Authors: Riaux‐Gobin Catherine , Compère Pierre 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYA new diatom genus, Olifantiella gen. nov., has been discovered from the coral reefs of Réunion Island (Western Indian Ocean). This monospecific genus belonging to the Biraphidineae, contains a small, marine taxon, Olifantiella mascarenica sp. nov., which shows close structural similarity with the recently described genus Labellicula Van de Vijver & Lange‐Bertalot, but with significant differences: (i) the presence of a remarkable internal tubular process – the buciniportula; (ii) the easily identifiable external funnel‐shaped opening of this process; (iii) the design of the external raphe endings; (iv) the general shape of the frustules; and (v) a lateral void and elevated crest. The buciniportula, associated with the other characters, is apparently new, and allows the establishment of a new genus. The morphology of this genus is compared with that of related genera, such as Luticola, Diadesmis, Labellicula, Brachysira, Neidium and Nupela, with some comments on the contribution of scanning electron microscopy towards distinguishing new genera, and the possible superabundance of these new entities, particularly of small diatoms.
Studies on woloszynskioid dinoflagellates IV: The genus Biecheleria gen. nov.
Authors: Moestrup Øjvind , Lindberg Karin , Daugbjerg Niels 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYThe well known freshwater dinoflagellate Woloszynskia pseudopalustris is transferred to the new genus Biecheleria, based on the very unusual structure of the eyespot (comprising a stack of cisternae), the apical apparatus of a single elongate amphiesma vesicle, the structure of the resting cyst, and molecular data. Biecheleria is phylogenetically related to Symbiodinium and Polarella of the family Suessiaceae. This family, which extends back to the Jurassic, is redefined with the eyespot (Type E sensu Moestrup and Daugbjerg) and apical apparatus as diagnostic features, unknown elsewhere in the dinoflagellates. Biecheleria also comprises the brackish water species Biecheleria baltica sp. nov. (presently identified as Woloszynskia halophila) and the marine species Biecheleria natalensis (syn. Gymnodinium natalense). Gymnodinium halophilum described in 1952 by B. Biecheler but apparently not subsequently refound, is transferred to Biecheleria. The Suessiaceae further includes the marine species Protodinium simplex, described by Lohmann in 1908 but shortly afterwards (1921) transferred to Gymnodinium by Kofoid and Swezy and subsequently known as Gymnodinium simplex. It only distantly related to Gymnodinium. A new family, the Borghiellaceae, is proposed for the sister group to the Suessiaceae, based on eyespot structure (Type B of Moestrup and Daugbjerg), the morphology of the apical apparatus (if present), and molecular data. It presently comprises the genera Baldinia and Borghiella. Cells of Biecheleria pseudopalustris and B. baltica contain a microtubular strand (msp) associated with vesicles containing opaque material. Such structures are known in other dinoflagellates to serve as a peduncle, indicating that the two species may be mixotrophic.
A survey of opioid administration in an emergency department
Authors: PLUMMER JOHN L , GOURLAY GEOFFREY K , BAGGOLEY CHRISTOPHER J 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to document patterns of opioid use in an emergency department, and determine factors which influenced choice of opioid. A survey of opioid administrations was conducted over a two month period in the Emergency Department at Flinders Medical Centre. Opioids were administered in 476 presentations by 456 different patients, representing 5.7% of total presentations during the survey period. Morphine and pethidine were the most frequently used opioids. Morphine was used more commonly for chest pain not associated with injury and for pulmonary oedema. Pethidine was more frequently used for pain due to injury, abdominal pain, biliary colic or cholecystitis. Morphine was given mainly by the intravenous route whereas pethidine was usually given intramuscularly. The most frequent reason for choosing a particular opioid was familiarity. Patients who expressed a preference for a particular opioid usually preferred pethidine, consistent with anecdotal reports.Patterns of opioid use were affected by real or perceived differences in pharmacological activities within this class of drugs. However, the major influences were tradition and familiarity.
Reduction of anterior shoulder dislocation by external rotation
Authors: Tseng George , Wong Tai‐Wai , Yeung Kai‐Cho , Tan Winston 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective: To examine the efficacy of external rotation as initial treatment for anterior shoulder dislocation.Design: Prospective uncontrolled study of the efficacy and adverse effects of external rotation when used as the initial technique to reduce anterior shoulder dislocation.Results: Ninety two cases of anterior shoulder dislocation were treated over an 18 month period. External rotation was used successfully to reduce the dislocation in 72 cases (78%). A further nine cases were reduced by external rotation with the aid of traction (total 88%). Six of eight cases complicated by fracture of a humeral tuberosity were reduced by external rotation. Twenty six reductions were achieved without the use of analgesia. Two cases of nerve palsy were seen, both associated with the use of traction.Conclusions: External rotation is a simple and safe method of reduction for anterior dislocations of the shoulder. The technique is recommended as the initial reduction technique for anterior shoulder dislocations. The use of traction should be discouraged.
Diagnosing pulmonary embolism
Authors: Cameron Peter 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDiagnosing pulmonary embolus (PE) remains one of the great challenges of emergency medicine. The diagnosis relies on a balance of probabilities rather than any definitive test. The probability is based on history, examination and investigations. The principal investigations are chest X‐ray, arterial blood gas, electrocardiograph, ventilation perfusion scan, ultrasound and angiography where necessary. Newer techniques such as CT scan and magnetic resonance imaging will become more useful as the technology improves. Transoesophoegeal echocardiography is an important investigative tool for massive PE.Thrombolysis is increasingly being used in the management of PE and the higher risk of adverse outcome should be balanced against the probability of false positive results and the use of invasive angiography.
Prostate cancer death is unlikely in high‐risk patients following quality permanent interstitial brachytherapy
Authors: Merrick Gregory S. , Butler Wayne M. , Galbreath Robert W. , Lief Jonathan , Bittner Nathan , Wallner Kent E. , Adamovich Edward 
Published: August 2010

Study Type – Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4 What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? The management of high‐risk prostate cancer remains controversial. These patients remain at substantial risk for prostate cancer failure and death despite potentially curative therapy. In recent years, high quality brachytherapy with or without supplemental therapies to consist of moderate dose external beam radiation therapy and androgen deprivation therapy has resulted in marked improvement in biochemical control and a decrease in prostate cancer deaths. With aggressive high quality brachytherapy, the risk of death from diseases of the heart is twice as great as that of prostate cancer.OBJECTIVETo evaluate cause‐specific survival (CSS), biochemical progression‐free survival (bPFS) and overall survival (OS) in high‐risk prostate cancer brachytherapy patients.PATIENTS AND METHODSFrom April 1995 to June 2005, 284 patients with high‐risk prostate cancer (Gleason score ≥8 or prostate‐specific antigen >20 ng/mL or clinical stage ≥ T2c) underwent brachytherapy. Supplemental external beam radiation therapy was given to 257 (90.5%) patients and 179 (63.0%) received androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Median follow up was 7.8 years. The median post‐implant day 0 D90 was 118.9% of prescription dose. Patients with metastatic prostate cancer or castrate‐resistant disease without obvious metastases who died of any cause were classified as dead from prostate cancer. Multiple parameters were evaluated for impact on survival.RESULTSTwelve‐year CSS, bPFS and OS were 94.2%, 89.0% and 69.7%. On multivariate analysis, bPFS was best predicted by percent positive biopsies and ADT. The analysis failed to identify any predictors for CSS, while OS was highly correlated with patient age, percent positive biopsies and diabetes. Fourteen percent of patients died from diseases of the heart, while 8%, 8% and 6% of patients died from non‐prostate cancer, other causes and prostate cancer, respectively. When OS was stratified by patients with 0–3 vs ≥4 comorbidities, the 12‐year OS was 73.0% and 52.7% (P= 0.036).CONCLUSIONSHigh‐quality brachytherapy results in favourable bPFS and CSS for high‐risk patients. Death from diseases of the heart is more than twice as likely as death from prostate cancer. Strategies to improve cardiovascular health may positively impact OS.
The WHO classification of 1973 is more suitable than the WHO classification of 2004 for predicting survival in pT1 urothelial bladder cancer
Authors: Otto Wolfgang , Denzinger Stefan , Fritsche Hans‐Martin , Burger Maximilian , Wieland Wolf F. , Hofstädter Ferdinand , Hartmann Arndt , Bertz Simone 
Published: August 2010

Study Type – Prognosis (systematic review)  Level of Evidence 2a What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Grading so far is the most important prognostic parameter in non muscle‐invasive urothelial bladder cancer.We first compared prognostic value of grading concerning WHO classifications 1973 and 2004 on stage T1 bladder cancer.OBJECTIVETo ascertain which of the currently defined World Health Organization (WHO) grading classifications of pT1 urothelial bladder cancer (BC), published in 1973 and 2004, is more suitable for predicting outcome.PATIENTS AND METHODSTransurethral resection of the bladder (TURB) specimens of 310 patients with first diagnosis of initial pT1 BC were reassessed by three urological pathologists according to the WHO classifications of 1973 and 2004. The TURB procedure was followed by either immediate cystectomy or adjuvant bacille Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) instillations. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to compare survival rates of the different tumour grades (mean follow‐up was 57 months).RESULTSAccording to the 1973 WHO classification, none of the pT1 BC specimens were graded as G1, while 36% were graded as G2 and 64% were graded as G3. Histological reassessment according to the 2004 WHO classification highlighted only 4% low‐grade and 96% high‐grade tumours. The 10‐year cancer‐specific survival rates of high‐grade tumours (85%) were intermediate between G2 (96%) and G3 (78%).CONCLUSIONSThe results of the present study support the presumption that the 1973 WHO classification is more suitable for predicting outcome for pT1 tumours, by defining at least two prognostic groups. A new classification should revise the definition of low‐ and high‐grade pT1 BC to preserve the prognostic value of tumour grading.
Hypoxia‐inducible factor and mammalian target of rapamycin pathway markers in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: possible therapeutic implications
Authors: Tickoo Satish K. , Milowsky Matthew I. , Dhar Nitin , Dudas Maria E. , Gallagher David J. , Al‐Ahmadie Hikmat , Gopalan Anuradha , Fine Samson W. , Ishill Nicole , Bajorin Dean F. , Reuter Victor E. 
Published: August 2010

What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? The hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways are important in tumorigenesis and novel agents targeting these respective pathways have shown promising activity in several malignancies. The current study demonstrates the expression of HIF and mTOR related pathway markers in urothelial carcinoma providing a rationale for clinical trials evaluating agents targeting these pathways.OBJECTIVETo investigate the rationale for using targeted therapies against hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, by studying the immunohistochemical expression of molecules of these pathways in urothelial carcinoma, as recent pre‐clinical studies and clinical trials have shown the potential utility of such targeted therapies.PATIENTS AND METHODSImmunohistochemical stains were performed on a tissue microarray prepared from 92 cases of ≥ pT2 urothelial (transitional cell) carcinoma of bladder, using antibodies against HIF‐1α and VEGF‐R2, and phospho‐S6 and phospho‐4E BP1, molecules of HIF and activated mTOR pathways, respectively. Immunoreactivity was graded from 0 to 3+ (0, 0–5%; 1+, 6–25%; 2+, 26–50%; 3+, > 50% tumour cells positive).RESULTSIn all, 58, 34, 35 and 17% of the tumours showed grade 2–3+ expression of phospho‐4E BP1, phospho‐S6, HIF‐1α and VEGF‐R2, respectively. Moderate correlation for immunoreactivity was observed between molecules within the same pathway [(phospho‐4E BP1 with phospho‐S6 (rho = 0.411), and HIF‐1α with VEGF‐R2 (rho = 0.265)], but not between molecules across pathways.CONCLUSIONSUrothelial carcinomas of the bladder express molecules of the HIF and mTOR pathways, providing a rationale for clinical trials evaluating agents targeting these pathways. Correlation between molecules within the same pathway, and not across pathways, suggests that investigating the usefulness of a specific targeted agent might benefit from pre‐treatment evaluation of pathway marker expression.