bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sodium Sulfinate‐Mediated trans‐Stilbene Formation from Benzylic Halides
Authors: Zhao Feng , Luo Jiaying , Tan Qi , Liao Yunfeng , Peng Shengming , Deng Guo‐Jun 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA convenient and efficient method for the synthesis of various symmetrical and non‐symmetrical trans‐stilbene derivatives from benzylic halides in the absence of any transition metals is described. Sodium sulfinates played an important role in this transformation. Various functional groups were well tolerated under the optimized reaction conditions.
Removal of lead ions from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto chemically modified silk cotton hulls by different oxidizing agents
Authors: Dulcy Evangelin C. , Gunasekaran S. G. , Dharmendirakumar M. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTIn the present study, the removal of lead ions from aqueous solutions was studied using activated carbons prepared from silk cotton hulls by three different acid activation methods; they are named as concentrated (conc.) H2SO4 (AC), mixture of conc. H2SO4 + H2O2 (AC1), and mixture of conc.H2SO4 + NH4S2O8 (AC2). The surface properties of the adsorbent materials were determined by the Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Brunauer–Emmette–Teller, scanning electron microscope, and energy dispersive X‐ray analyses. From the thermogravimetric analysis result, the formation of carboxylic acid and lactones are present in the order AC2 > AC1 > AC. Brunauer–Emmette–Teller result shows that the activated carbons are macroporous in nature. Batch adsorption experiments were performed as a function of pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, initial metal ion concentration, and temperature. The experimental equilibrium adsorption data fits well for the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Tempkin equations. The maximum adsorption capacities were 40.00 mg g−1 for AC and 83.33 mg g−1 for AC1 and AC2, respectively. Adsorption kinetic data were modeled using the pseudo‐first‐order and pseudo‐second‐order, and intraparticle diffusion equations and its rate constants were evaluated. The adsorption process followed the pseudo‐second‐order reaction kinetics, suggesting that it is presumably chemisorption. The calculations of the thermodynamic parameters revealed that the adsorption process was endothermic, but it is feasible and spontaneous under natural conditions. The reversibility of the process has been studied in a qualitative manner, and it shows that the spent activated carbons can be effectively regenerated for further use easily. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The History and Evolution of Sex Therapy and its Relationship to Psychoanalysis
Authors: Berry Michael D. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThe dominant treatment methods for male sexual dysfunction are currently biomedical and pharmacological. Historical analysis of the therapeutic field, however, shows that this trend is quite recent. This paper provides a historical examination of the treatment of male sexual dysfunction, analyzing the role of psychology and psychoanalysis in the treatment field. At various points in history, sexual therapies have accounted for the biological, psychological and social factors of male sexual dysfunction; this attention, however, has rarely been balanced. By tracing the evolution of treatment models, this paper shows how psychological and psychoanalytic principles have influenced the treatment of male sexual dysfunction. Despite the recent dominance of cognitive behavioral and biomedical techniques, the paper concludes, sex therapy is a discipline in flux, and with the increased push for integrative and multi‐modal treatment models, the (re‐)introduction of psychodynamic techniques in mainstream sex therapy is a promising possibility for future clinical practice. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of pond management for biodiversity conservation in an agricultural landscape
Authors: Sayer Carl , Andrews Katie , Shilland Ewan , Edmonds Nathan , Edmonds‐Brown Ronni , Patmore Ian , Emson Dave , Axmacher Jan 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

Debate surrounds the best way to deal with pond terrestrialization so as to maximize landscape‐scale biodiversity. One way of addressing this issue is to re‐set succession via management activities, but the merits of this approach relative to non‐intervention and pond creation are little known.
Manor Farm in Norfolk, UK, possesses around 40 ponds, and each year three to four ponds are subject to management involving tree (de‐shading) and/or sediment removal. To determine the consequences of management for pond biodiversity, macrophyte and invertebrate communities were surveyed for replicate ponds covering four ‘time since management’ categories: no management, and managed over the periods 1999–2003, 2004–2006 and 2007–2009.
Macrophyte diversity was significantly lower in unmanaged ponds compared with ponds managed in 2004–2006 and 2007–2009. In addition, with the exception of Mollusca, invertebrate diversity was significantly lower in the unmanaged ponds compared with all the managed ponds. A tendency was evident for diversity to peak 3–5 years after management and for a subsequent decline in diversity (significant for macrophytes). No distinctive species assemblages were associated with the different pond successional stages, although several species were confined to individual ponds. Although many species were absent from the non‐managed ponds, especially in the macrophytes and Coleoptera, few species were unique to these ponds.
The principal driver of species turnover in the ponds was shade, which was negatively correlated with macrophyte cover. Shade was substantially higher in the unmanaged ponds, whose species‐poor assemblages appeared to be a consequence of low oxygen levels. By arresting succession and restoring macrophyte‐dominated early‐ and mid‐successional ponds, management may have an essential role in biodiversity conservation. In pond‐rich landscapes, where a high proportion of ponds are heavily terrestrialized, management provides a sustainable means both of preserving heterogeneity in the pond network and preventing the loss of large numbers of species which favour early‐ and mid‐successional ponds. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controlled Synthesis of Carbon‐Encapsulated Copper Nanostructures by Using Smectite Clays as Nanotemplates
Authors: Tsoufis Theodoros , Colomer Jean‐François , Maccallini Enrico , Jankovič Lubos , Rudolf Petra , Gournis Dimitrios 
Published: June 2012

AbstractRhomboidal and spherical metallic‐copper nanostructures were encapsulated within well‐formed graphitic shells by using a simple chemical method that involved the catalytic decomposition of acetylene over a copper catalyst that was supported on different smectite clays surfaces by ion‐exchange. These metallic‐copper nanostructures could be separated from the inorganic support and remained stable for months. The choice of the clay support influenced both the shape and the size of the synthesized Cu nanostructures. The synthesized materials and the supported catalysts from which they were produced were studied in detail by TEM and SEM, powder X‐ray diffraction, thermal analysis, as well as by Raman and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Beyond Benzyl Grignards: Facile Generation of Benzyl Carbanions from Styrenes
Authors: Grigg R. David , Rigoli Jared W. , Van Hoveln Ryan , Neale Samuel , Schomaker Jennifer M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBenzylic functionalization is a convenient approach towards the conversion of readily available aromatic hydrocarbon feedstocks into more useful molecules. However, the formation of carbanionic benzyl species from benzyl halides or similar precursors is far from trivial. An alternative approach is the direct reaction of a styrene with a suitable coupling partner, but these reactions often involve the use of precious‐metal transition‐metal catalysts. Herein, we report the facile and convenient generation of reactive benzyl anionic species from styrenes. A CuI‐catalyzed Markovnikov hydroboration of the styrenic double bond by using a bulky pinacol borane source is followed by treatment with KOtBu to facilitate a sterically induced cleavage of the CB bond to produce a benzylic carbanion. Quenching this intermediate with a variety of electrophiles, including CO2, CS2, isocyanates, and isothiocyanates, promotes CC bond formation at the benzylic carbon atom. The utility of this methodology was demonstrated in a three‐step, two‐pot synthesis of the nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (±)‐flurbiprofen.
From Bola‐amphiphiles to Supra‐amphiphiles: The Transformation from Two‐Dimensional Nanosheets into One‐Dimensional Nanofibers with Tunable‐Packing Fashion of n‐Type Chromophores
Authors: Liu Kai , Yao Yuxing , Wang Chao , Liu Yu , Li Zhibo , Zhang Xi 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWith a rational design of the supra‐amphiphiles, we have successfully demonstrated that not only the dimension of the self‐assembled nanostructures, but also the packing fashion of the functional naphthalene diimide (a typical n‐type chromophore), can be tuned in a noncovalent way in aqueous solution. Naphthalene diimide is incorporated into a bola‐amphiphile as the rigid core, whereas viologen derivatives are used as the hydrophilic head. The bola‐amphiphile self‐assembles into two‐dimensional nanosheets, in which naphthalene diimide adopts a “J‐type” aggregation. Water‐soluble supramolecular complexation between viologen derivatives and the 8‐hydroxypyrene‐1, 3, 6‐trisulfonic acid trisodium salt is used as a driving force for the formation of the supra‐amphiphiles. Upon formation of the supra‐amphiphiles, the nanosheets transform into ultralong nanofibers with a close packing of naphthalene diimide. Notably, just by mixing the two building blocks of the supra‐amphiphiles in aqueous solution, a dimension‐controlled evolution of the nanostructures is formed that leads to a different packing fashion of the n‐type functional chromophores, which is facile and environmental friendly.
Comparison of cobas human papillomavirus test results from primary versus secondary vials of PreservCyt specimens and evaluation of potential cross‐contamination
Authors: Rao Arundhati , Young Stephen , Krevolin Mark , Sun Rita , Purner Matthew B. , Sharma Abha , Behrens Catherine M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The preferred workflow for high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing in the majority of laboratories involves cytology processing of samples collected in liquid‐based cytology medium followed by hrHPV testing. The cobas HPV Test received approval from the US Food and Drug Administration in April 2011, and the supporting clinical trial design necessitated prealiquoting the sample used for hrHPV testing from the PreservCyt primary vial into a secondary vial that was placed on the cobas 4800 System.METHODS:To validate use of the postcytology residual sample in the primary vial, the authors presented the results of cross‐contamination studies and a comparison of the cobas HPV Test results from the prealiquot in the secondary vial with results obtained from the postcytology primary vial on samples processed on either the Hologic ThinPrep 2000 System (T2000) or ThinPrep 3000 System (T3000).RESULTS:Cross‐contamination checkerboard studies with 100 samples processed on the T2000 system and 120 samples processed on the T3000 system indicated no conversion of primary vial results from positive to negative or from negative to positive. For clinical samples, approximately 1100 archived specimens from the ATHENA (Addressing the Need for Advanced HPV Diagnostics) study and 1100 combined archived and fresh primary vial specimens that had been processed on the T2000 and T3000 processors, respectively, were compared. The overall percentage agreement between the primary and secondary vials was at least 93.5%.CONCLUSIONS:The postcytology residual of samples collected in PreservCyt primary vials and run on the T2000 and T3000 processors provided reliable cobas HPV Test results that were comparable to results from the precytology secondary vial, without any evidence of contamination. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Energy‐efficient radio remote units placement for single‐user uplink in C‐RAN
Authors: Shao Shihai , Han Liang , Shen Ying , Tang Youxi 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYBecause of the increasing energy consumption in radio access networks, a new radio access network called Cloud radio access network (C‐RAN) has attracted increasing attention. In C‐RAN, the distributed radio remote units (RRUs) are located in different sites and the placement of RRUs will influence the system performance. However, few researches investigate the optimal RRU placement from the perspective of energy efficiency, which is one of the most important characteristics of C‐RAN. In this paper, we first derive the energy efficiency of C‐RAN to achieve certain QoS requirements considering the circuitry energy consumption. Then, we obtain the optimal placement of RRUs by minimizing the consumed energy per bit. Numerical results are also presented to validate the analysis. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiuser multimedia communication over orthogonal frequency‐division multiple access downlink systems
Authors: Li Fan , Zhang Danyang , Wang Minghui 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYThis paper investigates the problem of multiuser multimedia communication over orthogonal frequency‐division multiple‐access downlink systems. A cross‐layer design is proposed to maximize the received video quality of all the users subject to the network resource constraint. With the optimal joint subcarrier assignment and power allocation, the proposed scheme can maximally satisfy the requirements of the packet scheduling from the higher layer. Employing the Lagrange dual decomposition method, we can obtain the global optimal solution to the optimization problem. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has superior performance compared with the existing alternatives. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supporting lock‐based multiprocessor resource sharing protocols in real‐time programming languages
Authors: Lin Shiyao , Wellings Andy , Burns Alan 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYLock‐based resource sharing protocols for single processor systems are well understood and supported in programming languages such as Ada and the Real‐Time Specification for Java, and in Real‐Time Operating Systems, such as those that conform to the Real‐Time POSIX standard. In contrast, multiprocessor resource sharing protocols are still in their infancy with no agreed best practices, and yet current real‐time programming languages and operating systems claim to be suitable for multiprocessor applications. This paper reviews the currently available multiprocessor resource allocation policies and analyzes their applicability to the main industry standard real‐time programming languages. It then proposes a framework that allows programmers to define and implement their own locking policy. A prototype implementation of the framework for Ada is presented and evaluated. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What Do Service Users with Bipolar Disorder Want from a Web‐Based Self‐Management Intervention? A Qualitative Focus Group Study
Authors: Todd Nicholas J. , Jones Steven H. , Lobban Fiona A. 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundBipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic and recurrent severe mental health problem. A web‐based self‐management intervention provides the opportunity to widen access to psychological interventions. This qualitative study aims to identify what an ideal web‐based intervention would look like for service users with BD.MethodsTwelve service users with BD were recruited in the UK and took part in a series of focus groups to inform and refine the development of a web‐based self‐management intervention. Reported here is a subset analysis of data gathered with the primary aim of identifying the needs and desires of service users for such an intervention for BD. We analysed service users' responses to questions about content, outcomes, format, barriers and support. Focus groups were transcribed verbatim, and thematic analysis was employed.ResultsThe data were ordered into four key themes: (1) gaining an awareness of and managing mood swings; (2) not just about managing mood swings: the importance of practical and interpersonal issues; (3) managing living within mood swings without losing the experience; (4) internet is the only format: freely accessible, instant and interactive; (5) professional and peer support to overcome low motivation and procrastination difficulties.LimitationsThe small group of participants are not representative of those living with BD.ConclusionsThese findings have significantly enhanced our understanding of what service users with BD want from a web‐based self‐management intervention and have clear implications for the future development of such approaches. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

Service users desire a web‐based self‐management approach that gives them the techniques they need to not only manage their moods but also manage their lives alongside the disorder, including interpersonal and practical issues.
Service users describe their primary outcome, not as a cure or reduction in their symptoms, but instead being able to live a fulfilling life alongside their condition.
Service users see the internet as their preferred format because of the increased accessibility to evidence‐based intervention.
Service users discussed the potential barriers to web‐based interventions including motivation and procrastination. Effective and acceptable content and low‐level support provide potential solutions to these issues.
Performances of OFDM‐CDMA receivers with MIMO communications
Authors: Chang Jui‐Chi , Ueng Fang‐Biau , Wang Hsuan‐Fu , Shen Sheng‐Chin 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYThis paper considers the joint design of OFDM and code division multiple access (CDMA) with MIMO communications. The receivers for both Bell Labs Layered Space Time system and space–time block code are designed in this paper. The performances of the MIMO‐OFDM‐CDMA receivers are investigated in several typical fading channels. The maximum likelihood, zero forcing, and minimum mean square error receivers for the MIMO‐OFDM‐CDMA systems are derived, and the performances in the typical fading channels are verified by the simulations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of C‐MYC oncogene translocation and copy number change in the normal‐dysplasia‐carcinoma sequence of the larynx by fluorescence in situ hybridization
Authors: Liu Yu , Gong Li‐Ping , Dong Xiao‐Li , Liu Hong‐Gang 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the translocation and copy number change of the C‐MYC gene in patients with laryngeal dysplasia and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), and to evaluate the prevalence of such expression in relation to the normal‐dysplasia‐carcinoma sequence. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was applied on formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded blocks of 93 laryngeal lesion specimens (14 normal epithelium, 15 mild dysplasia, 18 moderate dysplasia, 16 severe dysplasia, 9 carcinoma in situ, and 21 invasive carcinoma). C‐MYC translocation was not observed in all laryngeal tissue. The high frequency for C‐MYC copy‐number increased (100%) in invasive carcinoma: 57.14% amplifications and 42.86% gains, and the positive rate of C‐MYC amplification and copy‐number change increased with the increasing severity of laryngeal lesions (P < 0.0001). The results suggest that C‐MYC may be activated by gain/amplification in LSCC and precancerous lesions. Thus, C‐MYC may play an important role in promoting LSCC progression, and early FISH detection of C‐MYC may be exploited to set a screening test for laryngeal dysplasia. Diagn.Cytopathol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ecohydrology of an outbreak: mountain pine beetle impacts trees in drier landscape positions first
Authors: Kaiser Kendra E. , McGlynn Brian L. , Emanuel Ryan E. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTVegetation pattern and landscape structure intersect to exert strong control over ecohydrological dynamics at the watershed scale. The hydrologic implications of vegetation disturbance (e.g. fire, disease) depend on the spatial pattern and form of environmental change. Here, we investigate this intersection at Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest (TCEF), Montana, with a focus on the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) epidemic currently affecting the Rocky Mountains. We calibrated QuickBird remote sensing imagery with a leaf‐level spectral library of local vegetation. We used this spectral library to determine diagnostic vegetation indices for differentiating stages of beetle infestation within the 37 km2 TCEF watershed. These indices formed the basis of a three‐component mixing model to establish the extent and magnitude of beetle infestation across the TCEF watershed. We compared disturbance patterns with spatially distributed topography and vegetation variables derived from a light detection and ranging‐based digital elevation model of TCEF. We determined that certain landscape characteristics (low vegetation density, south‐facing slopes, steep slopes, locations with small contributing areas and locations with lower values of the topographic wetness index) were significantly more likely to exhibit the effects of beetle infestation. Our efforts to monitor vegetation mortality across space and time provide a context for assessing landscape susceptibility to initial mountain pine beetle infestation and how outbreak (i.e. landscape scale infestation) patterns may affect watershed ecohydrology via altered water and biogeochemical cycles. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fe3O4‐Nanoparticle‐Embedded Multifunctional Hollow Mesoporous Silica Capsules
Authors: Hwang Yong‐Kyung , Choi Jong‐Nam , Cho Jee‐Hyun , Kwon Hyockman , Huh Seong 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMagnetic nanoparticle‐embedded hollow mesoporous silica capsules (Mag‐HMSCs) with a large surface hole are prepared by a cholesterol‐assisted emulsion method. The resulting Mag‐HMSC materials have a hollow capsular geometry with a mesostructured silica wall. They exhibit a very high intracellular delivery efficiency of the representative large protein, antibody immunoglobulin G (IgG). As a result of the embedded Fe3O4 nanoparticles, Mag‐HMSC materials also serve as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Good T2‐weighted MR image contrasts were observed.
Synthetic Studies Towards the Core Tricyclic Ring System of Pradimicin A
Authors: Zilke Laura , Hall Dennis G. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPradimicins are structurally intriguing natural products that possess potent biological activity as antifungal and antiviral agents through a unique mode of action as carbohydrate binding agents. A preliminary synthetic approach towards pradimicin A has focused on a model study of the core tricyclic ring system. The route features an alkoxyallylboration/cycloisomerization/Diels–Alder cycloaddition sequence as the key steps. The alkoxyallylboration was critical for differentiating the hydroxy groups in the central cyclohexadienediol unit of pradimycins, which will ensure a regiocontrolled glycosylation. For the cycloisomerization reaction, various substrates and conditions were tested for a ring‐closing enyne metathesis reaction. With enyne substrate 23, dimerization‐prone bicyclic diene 24 was isolated as the major product under the conditions of both ruthenium‐catalyzed metathesis and palladium‐catalyzed cycloisomerization. In the end, the optimal route found for the synthesis of the model functionalized tricyclic ring system 31 features a one‐pot sequential palladium‐catalyzed cycloisomerization, Diels–Alder reaction, and oxidative aromatization.