bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE COMPARATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF TWO EGG PARASITES OF RHODNIUS PROLIXUS (HEMIPTERA: REDUVIIDAE), VECTOR OF CHAGAS’ DISEASE IN VENEZUELA
Authors: Gerling D. , Conde J. E. , Rabinovich J. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA study was made of the developmental biology of two parasite species that attack the eggs of Rhodnius prolixus. The gregarious encyrtid Ooencyrtus trinidadensis has a life cycle of 14 days, from egg to adult. The larvae, which hatch after a 42 h incubation, are attached to the egg chorion during the first and second instars. The solitary scelionid Telenomus costa-limai has a longer life cycle (20 days), but its eggs hatch after only 17 h, and its first-instar larva is equipped with large mandibles. It is possible that this free larva is better equipped for elimination of multiple or supernumerary parasites than that of O. trinidadensis. The characteristic features of the larvae of each parasite species are also described.
CODLING MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE): MONITORING POPULATIONS IN APPLE ORCHARDS WITH SEX PHEROMONE TRAPS
Authors: Vakenti Jerry M. , Madsen Harold F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCodling moth populations in six orchards in the Okanagan and Similkameen valleys of British Columbia were monitored for 2 seasons with traps baited with trans-8, trans-10, dodecadien-1-ol, the sex pheromone of the codling moth, Laspeyresia pomonella (L.). Sprays were applied if traps within the orchard captured two or more moths per trap per week during 2 consecutive weeks. Traps installed in neighboring orchards minimized male moth influx. A 43.1% reduction in the number of required cover sprays for codling moth control was obtained over a 2-year period compared with a standard three spray program. Fruit injured by codling moth in monitored orchards varied, but was less than 1% in all but one orchard.
FORECASTING CODLING MOTH PHENOLOGY BASED ON PHEROMONE TRAP CATCHES AND PHYSIOLOGICAL-TIME MODELS
Authors: Riedl Helmut , Croft B. A. , Howitt A. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe relationship of pheromone trap catch to emergence and oviposition of the codling moth was defined for the two-generation climate of Michigan. Catch anticipated emergence and oviposition during spring flight when the trap displayed greatest efficiency, but lagged behind emergence and closely followed oviposition during the second generation. Trapping efficiency declined towards the end of the first generation and was generally lower during summer flight. Factors which possibly relate to this efficiency loss are discussed. First catch and the catch peaks in both generations were evaluated as reference points for the prediction of phenological events (particularly egg hatch) in both generations Of four forecasting methods, degree day and developmental unit summations, starting from first catch, for the preoviposition and incubation period were most reliable in predicting the beginning of spring brood egg hatch.
NOTES ON THE NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUSES OF TUSSOCK MOTHS OF THE GENUS ORGYIA (LEPIDOPTERA)
Authors: Hughes Kenneth M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThree western species of tussock moths of the genus Orgyia are all susceptible to infection by the same two nuclear polyhedrosis viruses. An eastern species of Orgyia is also affected by these viruses. In the Western States, the natural occurrence of the two viruses appears to be limited to definite geographic areas. Infectivity of the viruses for hosts outside the genus Orgyia is not known. One report of such cross-infectivity could not be substantiated. Bodies which appear to be composed of viral materials but which are not normal virus particles are sometimes found occluded in polyhedra.
EFFECTS OF TWO INSECT GROWTH DISRUPTORS, PH 6038 AND PH 6040, ON THE WINTER MOTH, OPEROPHTERA BRUMATA (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE)
Authors: Pree D. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe activity of two insect growth disruptors PH 6038 and PH 6040 was assessed against larvae of the winter moth, Operophtera brumata (L.) in the laboratory and field. Larvae fed on foliage treated with PH 6038 and PH 6040 until death occurred at ecdysis owing to disruption in cuticle formation. Field tests with PH 6040 indicated that concentrations of 165 ppm were effective for control. As measured by bioassay, using winter moth larvae, PH 6040 was persistent for at least 28 days in the field.
A NEW SPECIES OF PTEROMALINAE (PTEROMALIDAE: CHALCIDOIDEA) FROM NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Yoshimoto Carl M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDorcatomophaga (Nearctomophaga) jonesi n. subgen., n. sp. is described. Subgeneric characters are compared between the Nearctic and Palearctic forms. Representatives of the genus have not previously been recorded from North America.
THE MIRID (HEMIPTERA) FAUNA OFSOLIDAGO CANADENSIS(ASTERACEA) IN SOUTH-EASTERN ONTARIO
Authors: Reid D.G. , Loan C. C. , Harmsen R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractForty-six species of adult Miridae were recorded fromSolidago canadensisL. in south-eastern Ontario. Major resident (breeding) species were determined on the basis of the relative abundance of nymphal and adult populations recorded from six plot-years. Although the composition of the mirid fauna varies temporally, over 90% of the Miridae belong to the following group of seven species:Slaterocoris breviatus(Kngt.),S.atritibialis(Kngt.),Lygus lineolaris(Beauv.),L.vanduzeeiKngt.,Plagiognathus cuneatusKngt.,P.politusUhl., andPolymerus venaticus(Uhl.).Total nymphal abundance is seasonally bimodal, relating to species differences in overwintering stage. TheLygusspecies overwinter as adults, and nymphs are abundant primarily in August, The remaining five species overwinter as eggs and their nymphs are present primarily during May to mid-July. In contrast to the bimodal phenology exhibited by nymphs, adults are temporally grouped in the mid- to late season, with adults of both overwintering classes overlapping. The adults, however, follow a characteristic sequence of initial occurrence, from early to late season, of:S.atritibialis,P.venaticus,L.vanduzeei,S.breviatus,P.politus,P.cuneatus, andL.lineolaris.
NOTES ON THE BIOLOGY OFPRIONUS LATICOLLIS(COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE)
Authors: Benham Gerald S. , Farrar Richard J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe broad-necked root borer,Prionus laticollis(Drury), causes economic damage to apple orchards in the eastern United States by boring in the roots of apple trees. The insect has a 3- to 4-year life cycle. Eggs are deposited in the soil or on the soil surface in mid-summer, and larvae tunnel through the bark and may excavate the interior wood of living, weakened, or dead apple tree roots. Larvae leave the roots to pupate in the soil and have been found up to a depth of 84 cm below the soil surface. Prepupae occur in the soil during May and June and pupae in June and July. Adults live approximately 1 week after emergence and mate several times. A tachinid fly, several potential pathogenic microorganisms, larvae biting one another, and freezing temperatures were observed to be mortality factors.
THE SEVEN LARVAL INSTARS OF SIMULIUM ARCTICUM (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE)
Authors: Fredeen F. J. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe larvae of Simulium arcticum Malloch in three collections from the North Saskatchewan River of May and June 1969, 1971, and 1974 showed seven instars. The first instar larva possessed an egg burster and the seventh instar larva possessed separated cervical sclerites. The intervening instars, however, could be decisively identified only by measuring the lengths of the postgenae. The observed mean postgenal lengths for all but the seventh instar were near those predicted by the regression line logeY = 4.1216 +.2927X. The observed mean lengths of whole larvae of all seven instars were near those predicted by the regression line logeY = −.5234 +.3238X but with relatively large standard deviations. Thus there were geometric increases in size between successive instars.
PARASITISM OF THE TARNISHED PLANT BUG, LYGUS LINEOLARIS (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE), BY PERISTENUS PALLIPES AND P. PSEUDOPALLIPES (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE)
Authors: Lim K. P. , Stewart R. K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLife cycles of Peristenus pallipes (Curtis) and P. pseudopallipes (Loan), parasitoids of the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (P. de B.), were investigated in an alfalfa field and in uncut weeds in the Ste. Anne de Bellevue area. In 1972, P. pallipes adults emerged in mid-May and P. pseudopallipes adults emerged in late July. The incidence of parasitism in nymphal and adult stages of the tarnished plant bug, L. lineolaris, was measured. The population of the tarnished plant bug in the weeds was more heavily parasitized than the one in the alfalfa field. The ichneumonid hyperparasite Mesochorus curvulus Thomson was also found in this area.
PARENTAL BEHAVIOR IN THE DERMAPTERA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TOFORFICULA AURICULARIA(DERMAPTERA: FORFICULIDAE)
Authors: Lamb Robert J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNew observations on parental behavior of the earwig,Forficula auriculariaL., are reported and the literature on the parental behavior in the Dermaptera is summarized. The construction of the nest, care of the eggs and nymphs, and the duration of parental care are described. The control of parental behavior and the role of the male in nest establishment are also considered.
COLCONDAMYIA AUDITRIX NOV. SP. (DIPTERA: SARCOPHAGIDAE), A PARASITE WHICH IS ATTRACTED BY THE MATING SONG OF ITS HOST, OKANAGANA RIMOSA (HOMOPTERA: CICADIDAE)
Authors: Soper R. S. , Shewell G. E. , Tyrrell D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA new species of sarcophagid, Colcondamyia auditrix, is described, which locates its cicada host by sound. The fly was shown to respond to the mating song of the male cicada, and the majority of parasitized cicadas were male. Parasitism of females occasionally occurs when they are attracted to males simultaneously with the parasite. Levels of parasitism varied from 18.6% in 1962 to 0.2% in 1967 to 14.1% in 1973. Male cicadas lost their sound producing capability following parasitization, rendering them inaccessible to further female flies and thus apparently preventing multiple parasitism.
EMBRYONIC GROWTH AND HATCHABILITY OF EGGS OF THE TWO-STRIPED GRASSHOPPER, MELANOPLUS BIVITTATUS (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE), IN RELATION TO DATE OF OVIPOSITION AND WEATHER
Authors: Pickford R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe date of oviposition of eggs of Melanoplus bivittatus (Say) had a major effect on the stage of embryonic development at freeze-up, and subsequently on the sequence of hatching and hatchability the following spring. The later eggs were laid during summer and autumn, with generally declining temperatures, the greater the retardation in development, and in turn the greater the delay of hatching the following spring and the reduction in percentage hatch. Seasonal and diumal emergence of the hatchlings is described in relation to weather conditions.
EFFECT OF AN INSECT GROWTH REGULATOR ON LIPID AND CARBOHYDRATE RESERVES OF MOSQUITO PUPAE (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)
Authors: Downer R. G. H. , Spring J. H. , Smith S. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPupae of the yellow fever mosquito,Aedes aegyti(L.), were examined for glycogen and lipid content under normal conditions and following exposure, as fourth-instar larvae, to 0.1 ppm of the insect growth regulator, Altosid®(isopropyl 11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-dodeca-2,4-dienoate).The glycogen reserves of control and experimental insects show similar rates of utilization up to about 24 h of pupal life, but at 48 h, the glycogen reserves of treated animals are depleted. Examination of pupal lipid content indicates that insects treated with Altosid begin pupal life with lipid reserves which are considerably less than those of control animals.The reduced energy reserves available to newly emerged adults may contribute to premature mortality.
ALFALFA AND THE EGYPTIAN ALFALFA WEEVIL (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)
Authors: Gutierrez A. P. , Christensen J. B. , Merritt C. M. , Loew W. B. , Summers C. G. , Cothran W. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPopulation models for the Egyptian alfalfa weevil and alfalfa are reported, which compared favorably with field data. A mechanism for coupling the plant–herbivore trophic levels is suggested.
INTERFERENCE AMONG FEMALES OF NASONIA VITRIPENNIS (HYMENOPTERA: PTEROMALIDAE) AND ITS EFFECT ON SEX RATIO OF THEIR PROGENY
Authors: Wylie H. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractInterference among females of Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.) reduced consistently though not significantly the percentage of fertilized (i.e. female) eggs that each female laid. The physical aspect of the interference apparently was responsible for part of the reduction; females whose oviposition was interrupted physically in each of six other ways also laid relatively though not significantly fewer fertilized eggs. Neither olfactory stimuli from other females of the same species, nor contact chemical stimuli left in the area earlier by these females, had any effect. Females resumed fertilizing eggs normally after the interference factor had been removed.
TOXICITY AND PERSISTENCE OF BIOETHANOMETHRIN AND DIMETHOATE IN THE CONTROL OF GRASSHOPPERS (ORTHOPTERA)
Authors: Burrage R. H. , McKinlay K. S. , Ford R. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn laboratory tests Bioethanomethrin was more than 20 times as toxic as dimethoate when sprayed on nymphs of Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabr.). Its residual effect on grasshoppers fed treated foliage was relatively insignificant. Toxicity in small field experiments resulted mainly from spray hitting the grasshoppers rather than from their walking or feeding on treated foliage. For 8 days the dimethoate treatment kept numbers of invading grasshoppers significantly lower than those in untreated plots, whereas Bioethanomethrin was ineffective after 2 days. The results indicate that the residual toxicity of the insecticides was of secondary importance in reducing the initial infestation; however, residues do offer a margin of safety against such hazards as poor application, invasion from outside, or continued hatching after treatment.
ALAR POCKET OF THE MALE MONARCH BUTTERFLY (DANAUS P. PLEXIPPUS) (DANAIDAE: LEPIDOPTERA)
Authors: Urquhart F. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe alar pocket, located on the upper surface of the hind wing of the male monarch butterfly (Danaus p. plexippus) appears to be of a glandular nature, as is indicated by the cells associated with the androconia and as described by authors reviewed in this paper. Two distinct kinds of modified scales are associated with the cells; one (here termed the "patellate scale") has a relatively broad blade and a deeply penetrating stalk while the other (here termed the "poculate scale") is hair-like, fragile, and penetrates the cell membrane for a short distance. The cell of the poculate scale has a chitinous lip that extends above the plane surface forming a cup-like appearance while the patellate scale is associated with a slightly depressed area. In view of the absence of wing scales at the entrance to the lip of the alar pocket of some species of Danaidae, it has been postulated by many authors that this was caused by the insertion of the male hair pencils into the pocket in order to extract the substance emanating from the gland cells. In the present study there was no evidence of scales being removed from the lip of the pocket and hence it is concluded that such does not take place in this species. It is suggested that the poculate scales, being readily dissociated from the cells, may carry the odour to the outside in a manner similar to that of the spherules or "dust" described for Danaus gelippus berenice. Owing to a lack of experimental data, the function of the alar pockets remains ambiguous.
CALLING SONGS OFORCHELIMUMMEADOW KATYDIDS (TETTIGONIIDAE): I. MECHANISM, TERMINOLOGY, AND GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION
Authors: Morris Glenn K. , Walker Thomas J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA terminology useful in describing conocephaline amplitude modulation patterns is presented in this first part of a three-part study of calling songs inOrchelimummeadow katydids. Geographical distributions are mapped for the 18 species which occur in North America north of Mexico and several substantial range extensions reported, Comparison of stridulatory files indicates two types within the genus, one characterized by more widely spaced teeth near the basal end of the file. Teeth are asymmetrical in accordance with the generation of the loudest song components on wing closure.
RELATION OF PARASITE ATTACK TO THE COLONIAL HABIT OF HYPHANTRIA CUNEA
Authors: Morris R. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractParasitism of Hyphantria cunea Drury was measured over a 17-year period in a series of permanent study areas in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. The percentage of colonies attacked by parasites was independent of both plant host and colony size, but the percentage of larvae attacked within colonies decreased in the larger colonies. For most parasite species the percentage of larvae attacked per colony was relatively constant, regardless of the percentage of the colonies attacked in any area or year. Thus the colonial habit of H. cunea imposes a limit on the overall degree of parasitism that can be achieved by most of the parasite species.
CAPTURE OF GLISCHROCHILUS QUADRISIGNATUS (COLEOPTERA: NITIDULIDAE) IN BAIT TRAPS, 1970–74
Authors: Foott W. H. , Hybsky J. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe effectiveness of bait traps to capture adult Glischrochilus quadrisignatus (Say) was evaluated for 5 years. Traps comprised of 2.85-1. cans baited with ripe bananas, an insecticide, and a small amount of water captured from 21000 to 58000 beetles/trap when placed around the periphery of tomato fields at a density of 5 traps/ha from spring to fall. The largest numbers were trapped during the 5-week interval from mid-July to mid-August when newly developed adults emerged from the soil.
SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF THE GENUS OMOMYIA COQUILLETT AND ITS TRANSFERENCE TO THE RICHARDIIDAE (DIPTERA)
Authors: McAlpine J. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe characters of Omomyia are compared with those of the tephritoid complex of families (Lonchaeidae, Otitidae, Platystomatidae, Pyrgotidae, Tephritidae, Tachiniscidae, Richardiidae, Pallopteridae, Neotteophilidae, Piophilidae, and Thyreophoridae). The possession of a peculiar piercing-type ovipositor by all females of this assemblage, including Omomyia, is considered a strong synapomorphic feature of the complex. Omomyia is found to be a sister-group of two aberrant richardiid genera, Automola Loew and Epiplatea Loew. Consequently, Omomyia is transferred from the Thyreophoridae to the Richardiidae with a suggestion that Automola, Epiplatea, Omomyia, and several other genera represent a separate subfamily of Richardiidae. The paper contains one table and three figures.
A REVISION OF DYSCOLETES HALIDAY (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE)
Authors: Mason W. R. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe genus Dyscoletes Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is revised and placed in the tribe Diospilini. Two species are ineluded, D. lancifer Haliday front western Europe and D. canadensis n. sp. from northern North America. D. soporatus Brues, a fossil, is transferred to Diospilus Haliday. Both extant species have been reared from larvae of Boreus (Boreidae: Mecoptera).
CELL PROLIFERATION IN THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), INFECTED WITH ENTOMOPOXVIRUS
Authors: Bird F. T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe last larval stadium of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), is extended, if infection by an entomopoxvirus is in an advanced stage at the normal time of pupation. The larvae attain an abnormally large size. Part of this increase in size is caused by a proliferation and subsequent infection and swelling of fat body cells.
EFFECTS OF MIXED INFECTIONS OF TWO STRAINS OF GRANULOSIS VIRUS OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), ON THE FORMATION OF VIRAL INCLUSION BODIES
Authors: Bird F. T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), is susceptible to two types of granulosis virus. One is characterized by the formation of mostly small ellipsoidal inclusion bodies, the second by the formation of large cubic inclusion bodies. Different shapes and sizes of inclusion bodies were formed when these viruses multiplied in the same tissues, some resembling the ellipsoids, others the cubes.
THE APPLE MAGGOT (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) IN NOVA SCOTIA
Authors: Neilson W. T. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), is a major pest of apples in Nova Scotia, and has in recent years become a serious threat to integrated insect control. This paper is an account of its past history, economic importance, seasonal history, natural enemies, the present cultural and chemical control practices, and the prospect of using alternative control measures.
LIFE TABLE DATA FOR USE IN DETERMINISTIC AND STOCHASTIC SIMULATION MODELS PREDICTING THE GROWTH OF INSECT POPULATIONS UNDER MALTHUSIAN CONDITIONS
Authors: Hardman J. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLife table data from a laboratory strain of Tribolium confusum (DuVal) were obtained for use in deterministic and stochastic models of population growth under optimal environmental conditions. Frequency distributions of mortality, developmental time, and age-specific fecundity schedules taken from experiments conducted at five constant temperatures were transposed onto a physiological time scale measured in degree-days. Data of this detail were necessary for use in models that could predict the growth of laboratory populations of the same strain of beetle reared under optimal conditions.
DETERMINISTIC AND STOCHASTIC MODELS SIMULATING THE GROWTH OF INSECT POPULATIONS OVER A RANGE OF TEMPERATURES UNDER MALTHUSIAN CONDITIONS
Authors: Hardman J. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe concept of degree-day summation was employed in three models of malthusian growth predictive over a range of temperatures. When supplied input data from life table studies conducted at five constant temperatures, the models were able to predict the magnitude and pattern of growth of populations of Tribolium confusum Duval reared under malthusian conditions. The stochastic model, moreover, revealed that the series of chance events found in the course of population growth could explain differences between one population and the next. When computer experiments on the importance of various life table parameters were run, the models revealed the overwhelming importance of time taken to mature on the rate of population growth. The level of fecundity was next in order of importance while population growth was least sensitive to changes in survivorship.
BIOLOGY OF THE TORTOISE BEETLE, CASSIDA HEMISPHAERICA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE), A POSSIBLE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT FOR BLADDER CAMPION, SILENE CUCUBALUS (CARYOPHYLLACEAE), IN CANADA
Authors: Maw M. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe biology of Cassida hemisphaerica Hbst. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is given and its suitability as a biological control agent of bladder campion, Silene cucubalus Wibel, is evaluated. Because its host range includes a number of ornamental plants in the genus Dianthus and the adults will feed on economic plants in the family Chenopodiaceae, introduction of C. hemisphaerica is not at this time justified.
ESTIMATION OF HEMLOCK SAWFLY (HYMENOPTERA: DIPRIONIDAE) FECUNDITY
Authors: Hard John S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMean fecundity of hemlock sawfly females emerging from cocoons collected on heavily defoliated western hemlock trees was significantly less than fecundity of females collected from lightly defoliated trees. Fecundity was highly correlated with female cocoon diameter and female forewing length, but was most highly correlated with both variables combined. Time-saving double sampling techniques are discussed for determining mean fecundities of new samples when mean cocoon diameter and forewing length are known.