bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One-pot synthesis of PVA-capped silver nanoparticles their characterization and biomedical application
Authors: Patil Rupali S , Kokate Mangesh R , Jambhale Chitra L , Pawar Sambhaji M , Han Sung H , Kolekar Sanjay S 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The rapid one-pot synthesis of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) at room temperature by using hydrazine hydrate as reducing agent and polyvinyl alcohol as stabilizing agent is reported. The SNPs were characterized with UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The synthesized silver nanoparticle shows surface plasmon resonance at 410 nm. The XRD reveals face-centered cubic (FCC) structure of SNPs. FE-SEM, AFM and TEM show that nanoparticles have spherical morphology with diameters in the range of 10–60 nm. The antimicrobial activity of synthesized hybrid material against strains of four different bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococus aureus, Proteus vulgaris), that are commonly found in hospitals has been studied. The results indicate that such particles have potential applications in biotechnology and biomedical science.
Seasonal dynamics of growth and mortality suggest contrasting population structure and ecology for cod, pollack, and saithe in a Norwegian fjord
Authors: Heino Mikko , Svåsand Terje , Nordeide Jarle Tryti , Otterå Håkon 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Heino, M., Svåsand, T., Nordeide, J. T., Otterå, H. 2012. Seasonal dynamics of growth and mortality suggest contrasting population structure and ecology for cod, pollack, and saithe in a Norwegian fjord. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 537–546. We study the dynamics of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.), pollack (Pollachius pollachius L.), and saithe (Pollachius virens L.) in Masfjorden, a small fjord in western Norway. Annually, cohorts of pollack and cod grow in size and decline in abundance, as expected of closed populations, whereas saithe virtually disappear before maturity. Seasonally, in contrast, the dynamics of cod and pollack differ. Pollack shows a regular growth pattern, with most of the growth taking place in summer. Its abundance-at-age shows strong seasonal variations, with a marked increase from spring to summer followed by a decline through autumn and winter. These patterns relate partly to seasonal changes in depth distribution and catchability. Combined with the observation that spawning-stage pollack are abundant in spring, we interpret these patterns to suggest that pollack in Masfjorden represent a dynamically independent unit. Seasonal changes in abundance are less marked for cod, and seasonal changes in depth distribution seem insignificant. However, cod shows an unusual pattern in length at age, with no apparent growth in summer and fast growth in autumn. These patterns suggest that the population structure of cod may be more open than that of pollack and may involve mixing of more than one population component.
First Report of Orobanche aegyptiaca Parasitism on Sesame in Iran
Authors: Teimoury M. , Karimmojeni H. , Ehtemam M. H. , Mehri H. R. 
Published: March 2012

A field survey revealed infestations of broomrape, Orobanche aegyptiaca (syn. Phelipanche aegyptiaca), on sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) plants in the province of Khorasan (36°12'N, 57°39'E, 972 m above sea level) in northeastern Iran in November 2011. About 5% of total sesame fields in this area were infested, and the estimated average yield losses were approximately 30 to 40%. The annual mean air temperature and the average maximum and minimum air temperatures were 17.5, 24.2, and 10.6°C, respectively. In a pot experiment that was also conducted at the Isfahan University of Technology to study the effect of sesame as a trap crop for managing broomrape, a total of 20 genotypes of sesame were infested with broomrape. The infestation of sesame was confirmed by verifying the attachment of the broomrape to the sesame roots. Broomrape plant heights were between 20 and 35 cm, with flowering stems 15 to 20 cm. The stems were erect, usually branched, slender, glandular-pubescent, pale yellowish, and inflorescent rather than lax. Flowers had one bract and two bracteoles. The bracts measured 6 to 8 mm, had ovate lanceolates shorter than the calyces, and filiform, lanceolate bracteoles measuring 8 mm. The calyces measured 10 to 11 mm, and were gamosepalous, entire, whitish, hairy, and glandular. Corollas measured 32 to 35 mm, and were blue violet or sky blue with darker veins and cream proximally, straight or slightly curved, conspicuously infundibuliform in distal parts, and glandular-pubescent with two lips. Stamens were epipetalous, inserted 4 to 5 mm above the corolla base, with filaments hairy below, sparsely so above; anthers were villous or spidery hairy along sutures. Stigma lobes were white. The Botanists Group of the College of Agriculture of IUT confirmed the plants' identity. Sesame has been mentioned before as a trap crop for broomrape (1); however, to our knowledge, this is the first report of broomrape parasitism on sesame in Iran. Reference: (1) B. M. Chittapur et al. Allelopathy J. 8:147, 2001.
First Report of Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on Cymbidium sinense in China
Authors: Huang J. H. , Shi Z. R. , Zhang Y. X. , Xiang M. M. 
Published: March 2012

Cymbidium sinense are among the most important commercial orchids cultivated in China for flower production. In April of 2010, a leaf spot was sporadically observed on C. sinense in fields located in Guangzhou, China. Symptoms first appeared as yellow to brown, irregular-shaped lesions on the leaf margin or tip. As the infection continued on the tissues, the spot expanded and became dark brown along the margins and developed gray brown centers. At later stages, numerous epidermal acervuli developed on the lesions and mucilaginous conidial masses appeared on the lesions under moist conditions. Ten samples from tissue along the margins of lesions were collected and surface sterilized by washing in 70% ethanol for 30 s, followed by washing in 1% sodium hypochlorite for 30 s, and rinsing in sterile distilled water. These samples were plated onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 25°C with a 12-h alternating light and dark cycle. After 5 days, fungal colonies that grew from the tissue were subcultured onto PDA and pure cultures were obtained using the single-spore method. The fungus was identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides based on typical cultural characteristics and conidial morphology (1). PDA cultures were white at first and subsequently became grayish white to gray and pink to reddish brown. Conidia were straight, one-celled, hyaline, oblong, or cylindrical, slightly curved with truncate base and rounded apex and measured 14.0 to 19.5 × 4.0 to 6.0 μm. Chlamydospores, sclerotia, and a teleomorph were not found. Genomic DNA was extracted from one isolate and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal DNA (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) was amplified using ITS1 (5′-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG-3′) and ITS4 (5′-CCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3′) primers. The ITS region was further cloned and sequenced and showed 100% homology with many GenBank sequences (e.g., HQ333546.1) of C. gloeosporioides as the closest match. Pathogenicity tests were done by transferring one 4-mm-diameter disk of PDA that was colonized by the test isolates to wounds (4 × 4 mm) made with a needle in the leaves of 1-year-old C. sinense plants. Control plants received a sterile agar plug in wound. Ten inoculated plants were covered with plastic bags to maintain a high relative humidity and maintained in a greenhouse at 25 ± 2°C for 72 h. Five days after inoculation, no symptoms developed on the control plants. Foliar lesions closely resembled those observed in the field. C. gloeosporioides was reisolated consistently from symptomatic tissue collected from greenhouse experiments. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. gloeosporioides causing anthracnose on C. sinense in China. Reference: (1) B. C. Sutton. Colletotrichum Biology, Pathology and Control. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 1992.
Gabapentin Inhibits Catecholamine Release from Adrenal Chromaffin Cells
Authors: Todd Robert D. , McDavid Sarah M. , Brindley Rebecca L. , Jewell Mark L. , Currie Kevin P. M. 
Published: March 2012

Background
Gabapentin is most commonly prescribed for chronic pain, but acute perioperative effects, including preemptive analgesia and hemodynamic stabilization, have been reported. Adrenal chromaffin cells are a widely used model to investigate neurosecretion, and adrenal catecholamines play important physiologic roles and contribute to the acute stress response. However, the effects of gabapentin on adrenal catecholamine release have never been tested.

Methods
Primary cultures of bovine adrenal chromaffin cells were treated with gabapentin or vehicle for 18-24 h. The authors quantified catecholamine secretion from dishes of cells using high-performance liquid chromatography and resolved exocytosis of individual secretory vesicles from single cells using carbon fiber amperometry. Voltage-gated calcium channel currents were recorded using patch clamp electrophysiology and intracellular [Ca2+] using fluorescent imaging.

Results
Gabapentin produced statistically significant reductions in catecholamine secretion evoked by cholinergic agonists (24 ± 3%, n = 12) or KCl (16 ± 4%, n = 8) (mean ± SEM) but did not inhibit Ca2+ entry or calcium channel currents. Amperometry (n = 51 cells) revealed that gabapentin inhibited the number of vesicles released upon stimulation, with no change in quantal size or kinetics of these unitary events.

Conclusions
The authors show Ca2+ entry was not inhibited by gabapentin but was less effective at triggering vesicle fusion. The work also demonstrates that chromaffin cells are a useful model for additional investigation of the cellular mechanism(s) by which gabapentin controls neurosecretion. In addition, it identifies altered adrenal catecholamine release as a potential contributor to some of the beneficial perioperative effects of gabapentin.
The Use of Adipose Tissue–Derived Stem Cells within a Dermal Substitute Improves Skin Regeneration by Increasing Neoangiogenesis and Collagen Synthesis
Authors: Meruane Manuel A. , Rojas Mariana , Marcelain Katherine 
Published: March 2012

Background:
Surgical treatment of injuries with loss of skin tissue has improved significantly with the advent of regenerative medicine and tissue bioengineering, and the use of stem cells and dermal substitutes. The success of tissue regeneration depends on optimal local vascularization and the successful integration of the artificial skin. The present study combines the use of autologous adipose-derived stem cells with a commercially available dermal substitute (Integra) for skin regeneration.

Methods:
Adipose-derived stem cells were isolated from the inguinal region of eight Sprague-Dawley adult rats, seeded onto a piece of dermal substitute for 48 hours, and then implanted into the same rat, followed by comparison of the evolution with a contralateral implant without adipose-derived stem cells. After 1, 2, and 3 weeks of regeneration in vivo, implants were removed for histologic evaluation.

Results:
Adipose-derived stem cells adhere properly to the dermal matrix, and autologous tissue integration in the rat was good. The histologic evaluation showed that adipose-derived stem cells significantly increased microvascular density (7.7 ± 0.6 percent versus 5.3. ± 0.5 percent, as assessed by immunohistochemical staining of factor VIII) and the synthesis of collagen type I (24 ± 3 percent versus 16 ± 2 percent, as assessed by Sirius red staining). Although there was greater epithelialization on the side treated with adipose-derived stem cells (2530 ± 939 μm versus 1911 ± 763 μm), as assessed by anticytokeratin immunohistochemistry staining 34βE12, this difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusions:
The authors' data suggest that the seeding of adipose-derived stem cells onto a dermal substitute improves skin regeneration and tissue integration by increasing vascularity and collagen synthesis. Further studies are necessary to achieve complete epithelialization with the use of adipose-derived stem cells.
The Survival Curve
Authors: Selber Jesse Creed , Angel Soto-Miranda Miguel , Liu Jun , Robb Geoff 
Published: March 2012

Background:
When vascular compromise is detected, a free flap is immediately taken back to the operating room for attempted salvage. Which factors predict the success or failure of a take-back is currently unknown.

Methods:
A review of free flaps performed at a single institution over the last 10 years was performed. A total of 4965 flaps were identified, and an analysis of factors predicting salvage or failure of first, second, and third take-backs for microvascular complications was performed.

Results:
Of 4965 flaps, 517 (10.3 percent) required return to the operating room, 157 (3.34 percent) for vascular complications. There were 66 (1.41 percent) total flap failures. Of 157 take-backs, 102 required return once, 44 twice, and 11 three times, with salvage rates of 72, 34, and 27 percent, respectively (p < 0.01). Overall salvage rate was 58 percent. The probability of a flap going back for a second time was 35 percent. Risks for flap failure included thrombotic (35.1 percent) versus mechanical (8 percent) etiology (p = 0.01) and arterial (37.5 percent) or mixed (61.5 percent) versus venous only (25 percent) etiology (p = 0.06). Failure was more likely the greater number of days postoperatively the take-back occurred (p = 0.02).

Conclusions:
The number of returns to the operating room is inversely proportional to flap salvage. Mechanical and venous etiologies tend to result in salvage and arterial and thrombotic etiologies in failure. Earlier take-backs are more likely to be successful. Knowledge of these predictors of salvage should guide clinical decision making and informed consent.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Risk, II.
Squamosal Suture Synostosis
Authors: Smartt James M. , Singh Davinder J. , Reid Russell R. , Hellinger Jeffrey C. , Hsu Vivian M. , Bartlett Scott P. 
Published: March 2012

Background:
The squamosal suture is markedly different from the major calvarial sutures of the human skull. The unique properties of the suture are a result of the complex developmental biology of the temporal bone and biomechanical force exerted by surrounding structures. The dysmorphic effects of premature fusion of the suture, and possible treatment strategies in cases of synostosis, have received only brief description in the literature.

Methods:
A retrospective case series was performed. The study included patients evaluated by one of the senior authors (S.P.B., R.R.R., and D.J.S.) between 1993 and 2009. All pertinent patient data including inpatient and outpatient charts, photographic records, and radiographic scans were reviewed. Any management performed under the direction of a craniofacial surgeon was documented—including orthotic helmet therapy and operative management.

Results:
The study included 14 patients. Synostosis of the squamosal suture was noted to occur either in an isolated fashion or in the setting of other craniofacial malformations. Patients with isolated squamosal synostosis often suffered from a deformity that was mild in severity and tended to improve with time. However, when occurring in the setting of other forms of craniosynostosis, the deformity was often progressive, and transcranial surgery was frequently required.

Conclusions:
Synostosis of the squamosal suture can result in, or contribute to, significant craniofacial dysmorphism. The optimal form of therapy for this disorder is evolving.
Tip Rhinoplasty in Broad Noses in a Turkish Population
Authors: Erol Ö. Onur 
Published: March 2012

Background:
Historically, one of the most persistent challenges to the rhinoplasty surgeon has been the thick, heavy, and poorly defined nasal tip. In the Mediterranean, Anatolian, and Middle Eastern regions, rhinoplasty is the most frequently performed aesthetic procedure. In these regions, the ethnic characteristic of the nasal tip is mostly broad with thick skin, a poorly defined nasal tip, and weak lower lateral cartilages, which makes shaping the tip challenging. In this population, conventional rhinoplasty techniques may result in dissatisfied patients and surgeons.

Methods:
The author presents his experience over the past 20 years with 3800 rhinoplasty patients with broad noses treated using his personal approach.

Results:
Using the Turkish delight type of cartilage graft (diced cartilage wrapped in Surgicel) for the tip region and the columellar strut improved the author's results considerably, giving the tip the desired form and eliminating the complications of late show seen in other types of tip grafts. In patients with very short columellae, insertion of a secondary strut was necessary after 1 year.

Conclusions:
This technique is safe, reliable, effective, simple, and easily applicable by plastic surgeons at all experience levels. Early and late results are very satisfactory, and there is no late show as is sometimes seen with other types of cartilage grafts such as crushed, oval, or rectangular grafts.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Decreased GH dose after the catch‐up growth period maintains metabolic outcome in short prepubertal children with and without classic GH deficiency
Authors: Decker Ralph , Albertsson‐Wikland Kerstin , Kriström Berit , Halldin Maria , Dahlgren Jovanna 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectiveFew studies have evaluated metabolic outcomes following growth hormone (GH) treatment in short prepubertal children during different periods of growth. Previously, we found that individualized GH dosing in the catch‐up period reduced the variation in fasting insulin levels by 34% compared with those receiving a standard GH dose. We hypothesized that the GH dose required to maintain beneficial metabolic effects is lower during the prepubertal growth phase after an earlier catch‐up growth period.DesignShort prepubertal children with isolated GH deficiency or idiopathic short stature were randomized to individualized GH treatment (range, 17–100 μg/kg/day) or a standard dose in a preceding 2‐year study. After achieving near mid‐parental heightSDS, children receiving an individualized dose were randomized to either a 50% reduced individualized dose (RID, n = 28) or an unchanged individualized dose (UID, n = 37) for 2 years. The dose remained unchanged in 33 children initially randomized to receive a standard dose (FIX, 43 μg/kg/day).We evaluated whether the variations in metabolic parameters measured during maintenance growth diminished in RID compared with UID or FIX.ResultsWe observed less variation in fasting insulin levels (−50%), insulin sensitivity as assessed by homoeostasis model assessment (−55·1%), lean soft tissue (−27·8%) and bone mineral content (−31·3%) in RID compared with UID (all P < 0·05), but no differences compared with FIX.ConclusionsContinued reduced individualized GH treatment after the catch‐up growth period is safe and reduces hyperinsulinism. Individualized GH dose can be reduced once the desired heightSDS is achieved to avoid overtreatment in terms of metabolic outcome.
Controlled source strength variation by changing the firing pressure ‐ a sensitivity study for 4D calibration
Authors: Barker Daniel , Landrø Martin 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTFor a 4D seismic operation to be successful, it is important to know what kind of 4D signal we expect to observe, as well as its magnitude. Normally, in a 4D feasibility study, we use rock physics models to quantify the effect of fluid or pressure changes within the reservoir and calculate the corresponding effects to the seismogram. However, to find if the predicted changes are actually observable at a given field, a dedicated calibration procedure might give valuable insight. One such procedure for marine seismics is to gradually change the source strength by varying the firing pressure in order to detect the sensitivity threshold for a given subsurface reflection. This procedure would be practical and feasible if the change of the source signature changes linearly with the source pressure. However, non‐linear effects will lead to minor changes in the later arrivals of the source signature, the so‐called bubble. By investigating these introduced errors for a reasonable air‐gun array we conclude that the method is still feasible since we find it possible to control and diminish the impact of the introduced errors.
Lack of correlation between sealer penetration into dentinal tubules and sealability in nonbonded root fillings
Authors: De‐Deus G. , Brandão M. C. , Leal F. , Reis C. , Souza E. M. , Luna A. S. , Paciornik S. , Fidel S. 
Published: March 2012

De‐Deus G, Brandão MC, Leal F, Reis C, Souza EM, Luna AS, Paciornik S, Fidel S. Lack of correlation between sealer penetration into dentinal tubules and sealability in nonbonded root fillings. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 642–651, 2012.AbstractAim  To determine the correlation between leakage and sealer penetration into dentinal tubule.Methodology  The root canal of 60 mandibular central incisor teeth were prepared and filled under standardized conditions. Teeth were placed into a device to assess glucose penetration using 15 psi pressure application. After 1 h, glucose concentrations in the lower chamber were measured using an enzymatic reaction. Each specimen was then sectioned horizontally at 3, 6 and 8 mm from the apex, and a standard metallographic preparation was performed. The coronally facing surface of each slice was examined in a high‐resolution stereomicroscope and under Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope. For each slice, the external outline of the root canal, the internal circumference of the root canal walls and the areas along the canal walls where the sealer had penetrated into the dentinal tubules (sealer tags) were outlined and measured. Afterwards, the percentage of the sealer penetration in each section was calculated. The Spearman correlation test was used to verify the correlation between the variables studied (glucose leakage and sealer penetration into dentinal tubules).Results  The means and standard deviations of glucose leakage were 0.744 g L−1 (±0.5), and the percentage of the dentinal tubule sealer penetration varied between teeth from 5.6% to 42.21%, with an average of 13.7 ± 17.2%. The Spearman correlation test revealed no significant correlation between the two factors analysed (P = 0.082). The r2 value was equal to 0.12.Conclusions  There was no significant correlation between sealability sealer penetration into dentinal tubles. The lack of correlation reported is of relevance as sealer penetration into dentinal tubules has been used as an advantageous property during the launch of new root filling materials and techniques.