bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructural and Immunohistochemical Analysis of Intestinal Myofibroblasts During the Early Organogenesis of the Human Small Intestine
Authors: Artells Rosa , Navarro Alfons , Diaz Tània , Monzó Mariano 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIntestinal myofibroblasts (IMFs), also known as pericryptal fibroblasts, are found at the basement membrane of the intestinal epithelium. They are characterized by well‐developed endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasmic fibers, and fibrous extensions called fibronexi. IMFs have structural features in common both with fibroblasts and smooth cells. Vimentin, desmin, and α‐smooth‐muscle actin (α‐SM) are markers commonly used to discriminate between IMFs and smooth muscle cells. Immunohistochemical studies have shown that, when α‐SM and vimentin are positive in both IMFs and smooth muscle cells, desmin is negative in IMFs but positive in smooth muscle cells. In the adult intestine, IMFs play an important role in various functions, especially in tissue repair and scar formation during wound healing. In the embryonic intestine, however, wound healing does not occur, and to date, no studies have investigated the first appearance and subsequent evolution of IMFs. In this study, we have examined the human small intestine in embryos at 7, 9, and 11 weeks of development by ultrastructural and immunohistochemical analysis to shed light on the formation of IMFs during these early phases of organogenesis. At 7 weeks, the embryonic mesenchymal cells are similar to proto‐myofibroblasts and may be the precursors of the IMFs detected at 9 weeks and more abundantly at 11 weeks by immunohistochemistry. These IMFs seem to mediate information flow between the epithelium and the mesenchyme and thus contribute to the development of the small intestine. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative Morphological Configuration of the Cardiac Nervous System in Lorises and Galagos (Infraorder Lorisiformes, Strepsirrhini, Primates) with Evolutionary Perspective
Authors: Kawashima Tomokazu , Thorington Jr. Richard W. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe detailed systematic morphology and comparative anatomy of the autonomic cardiac nervous system (ACNS) with its surrounding structures were examined in 14 sides of 7 Lorisiformes species (lorises and galagos) to consider its evolutionary differences and similarities to others in the primate lineage. Our detailed descriptions clarified that (1) a family‐dependent morphology of the ACNS does not exist although several variations are recognized as common variation in Lorisiformes, (2) the morphology of the ACNS in Lorisiformes is almost consistent regardless of the number of presacral vertebrae and cardiac positions, and (3) the ACNS morphology in Lorisiformes is extremely different from that in New and Old World monkeys, gibbons, and human, specifically in a narrower contribution of the superior cervical ganglion to the spinal cervical nerves, the caudal position and organization of the cervicothoracic ganglion, and the narrower origins of the sympathetic cardiac nerves, although all parasympathetic vagal cardiac branches are consistently present among the primates. Based on these detailed findings, the systematic and evolutionary morphologies of the ACNS are discussed and compared with our previous works. These results suggest the primate ACNS preserves its evolutionary history without modification and specialization by its functional adaptation as seen in the somatic system. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A dense GNSS meteorological network for observing deep convection in the Amazon
Authors: Adams David K. , Fernandes Rui M. S. , Kursinski E. Robert , Maia Jair M. , Sapucci Luiz F. , Machado Luiz A. T. , Vitorello Icaro , Monico João Francisco Galera , Holub Kirk L. , Gutman Seth I. , Filizola Naziano , Bennett Richard A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA dense Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) meteorological network (∼20 stations) in the central Amazon Basin in Brazil is being developed for long‐term studies of deep convection/water vapor interactions and feedback. In this article, the network is described and preliminary results are presented: GNSS‐derived precipitable water vapor is useful for tracking water vapor advection and in identifying convective events and water vapor convergence timescales. Upon network completion (early 2011), 3D water vapor field analyses and participation in the intensive field campaign GPM‐CHUVA will provide unique data sets for initializing, constraining or validating high‐resolution models or refining convective parameterizations. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
The Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP)
Authors: Kravitz Ben , Robock Alan , Boucher Olivier , Schmidt Hauke , Taylor Karl E. , Stenchikov Georgiy , Schulz Michael 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTo evaluate the effects of stratospheric geoengineering with sulphate aerosols, we propose standard forcing scenarios to be applied to multiple climate models to compare their results and determine the robustness of their responses. Thus far, different modeling groups have used different forcing scenarios for both global warming and geoengineering, complicating the comparison of results. We recommend four experiments to explore the extent to which geoengineering might offset climate change projected in some of the Climate Model Intercomparison Project 5 experiments. These experiments focus on stratospheric aerosols, but future experiments under this framework may focus on different means of geoengineering. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society and Crown copyright
Methodik und Beispiel einer Brückenertüchtigung durch externe Vorspannung
Authors: Alex Jörg , Berlin Manfred 
Published: January 2011

AbstractNeben dem Brückenneubau gewinnt die Brückenertüchtigung immer mehr an Bedeutung. Die Ursachen hierfür liegen in der Veränderung der Art, der Anzahl und des Fahrverhaltens der Güterverkehrstransportmittel, so dass immer mehr Bestandsbrücken Tragfähigkeitsdefizite aufweisen. Mit Hilfe verschiedener zur Verfügung stehender Verfahren ist eine schnelle, effektive und kostengünstige Steigerung der Trag‐ und Gebrauchsfähigkeit möglich. Die Methodik und die Ausführung solcher Planungen sollen im Folgenden vorgestellt werden.
Grundlagen und Entwicklung von stochastischen Modellen zur Beurteilung der Schädigung von Massivbrücken auf der Grundlage der Ergebnisse von Bauwerksüberprüfungen
Authors: Braml Thomas , Keuser Manfred , Bergmeister Konrad 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn zwei Beiträgen wird ein auf der Zuverlässigkeitstheorie basierendes probabilistisches Verfahren für eine schnelle Bewertung der Tragfähigkeit eines geschädigten Stahlbetonbrückenbauwerks vorgestellt. Es ersetzt keine statische Nachberechnung, unterstützt jedoch den Bauwerksprüfer noch während der Prüfung gemäß DIN 1076 und lässt eine schnelle Entscheidung über die Art und Weise einer ggf. erforderlichen Nutzungseinschränkung noch vor einer Nachberechnung zu. Mit dem Verfahren ist es möglich, eine verbesserte Bewertung über die Auswirkung von Schäden und Mängeln an Stahlbetonbrücken auf deren Tragfähigkeit im Rahmen einer handnahen visuellen Bauwerksprüfung zu erreichen. Teil 1 behandelt die Grundlagen des Verfahrens sowie die Entwicklung der veränderten stochastischen Material‐ und Geometrieparameter infolge Schädigung. In Teil 2 wird die Modellunsicherheit “Bauwerksprüfer” sowie das baupraktische Näherungsverfahren für eine Anwendung im Rahmen der RI‐EBW‐PRÜF vorgestellt.Basics and Development of Stochastic Models for a Structural Reliability Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Bridges on the Basis of the Results from Bridge InspectionA probabilistic method based on the reliability theory allows a quick assessment of the load bearing capacity of damaged reinforced concrete bridges. The aim is to support the bridge inspection engineer during the bridge inspection according to DIN 1076 and not to replace a static recalculation. It should allow a quick decision as to whether or not a restriction of the crossing traffic is necessary. With this method it is possible to achieve a better assessment of the influence of damages on reinforced concrete bridges which are seen in a visual bridge inspection. Part 1 of the two papers describes the basics of the methodology and shows the development of the stochastic models for the material and geometry parameters which have changed as a result of damage. In Part 2 the model uncertainty for the bridge inspector and the practical use in accordance with the RI‐EBW‐PRÜF are shown.
Schlanke Fußgängerbrücke aus Textilbeton
Authors: Hegger Josef , Goralski Claus , Kulas Christian 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn Albstadt‐Lautlingen wurde eine ältere Fußgängerbrücke aus Stahlbeton durch eine elegante Brücke aus Textilbeton ersetzt. Durch die Kombination von textilbewehrtem Beton mit einer Vorspannung ohne Verbund ließ sich eine für Betontragwerke außergewöhnliche Schlankheit erzielen. Die 97 m lange Brücke über die Bundesstraße B 463 besteht aus sechs Fertigteilen, die bei einer Elementlänge von 17,2 m eine Bauhöhe von 43 cm aufweisen. Im Beitrag werden Konstruktion, Bemessung und insbesondere das Schwingungsverhalten beschrieben. Die Untersuchungen zu den verwendeten Baustoffen sowie zum Tragverhalten und zur Dauerhaftigkeit finden sich in einem separaten Beitrag in diesem Heft.A Pedestrian Bridge Made of Textile Reinforced ConcreteThe pedestrian bridge over a state road in Albstadt, Germany, had to be torn down due to immense corrosion damages of the steel reinforcement and was replaced by a new bridge. The design of the new bridge allows a slender and durable construction with high demands on the concrete surface. The bridge with a total length of 97 m is subdivided in six prefabricated parts with a maximum element length of 17,2 m and a span of Ls = 15 m. The height of only 43 cm is possible by using the innovative composite material textile reinforced concrete. Thus, a slenderness of Ls/H = 35 and an extreme slender bridge construction is achieved. Due to the non‐corrosive textile reinforcement a very small concrete cover is possible and, thus, webs and cantilever arms can be designed very thin. The paper describes the construction, design and dynamic behaviour. A report on materials, load bearing behaviour and on the durability is available as a separate paper in this issue.
Massive Verbundbrücken für die Bahn
Authors: Seidl Günter , Müller Jens 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn bestehenden Bahnstrecken sind zukünftig in großem Umfang Brücken zu erneuern, da viele Bauwerke nun ihre Lebensdauer erreicht haben. Hierfür sind Brückenkonzepte erforderlich, die die Erneuerungskosten und den Erhaltungsaufwand erheblich reduzieren. Brückenkontruktionen mit externer Bewehrung werden beiden Anforderungen gerecht.
Nachrechnen und Verstärken älterer Spannbetonbrücken
Authors: Haveresch Karlheinz 
Published: January 2011

AbstractEs zeichnet sich ab, dass die Investitionen in die Verstärkung und Erneuerung des Straßenbrückenbestands in Deutschland zukünftig stark erhöht werden müssen, damit das Fernstraßennetz bestmöglich nutzbar bleibt. Erste Erfahrungen mit der Nachrechnung von Brücken zeigen, dass viele ältere Brücken sehr kurzfristig verstärkt oder erneuert werden müssen. Besonders kritische ältere Brücken, die nicht kurzfristig verstärkt oder erneuert werden können, müssen für den Schwerverkehr eingeschränkt werden, da sie nach den Regeln der Nachrechnungsrichtlinie erheblich überbeansprucht sind.Zur Verstärkung älterer Spannbetonbrücken hat sich in den letzten Jahren eine Externe Vorspannung als vorteilhafteste Verstärkungstechnik herausgestellt. Die Regeln zur Bemessung, Konstruktion und Bauausführung sind inzwischen vielfach angewendet und erprobt. Noch verbleibende Regeln für die Querkraftbemessung älterer Spannbetonbrücken im Rahmen der Nachrechnung sind in der Entwicklung und müssen den Tragwerksplanern baldmöglichst zur Verfügung gestellt werden.Checking and Strengthening older Prestressed Concrete BridgesIn Germany it seems to indicate, that very high investments are necessary to strengthen or replace older road bridges in order to maintain a sustainable and effective traffic infrastructure. First experiences with a new guideline for checking older bridges are, that many older bridges have to be checked and strengthened in a short‐term. Weak structures without strengthening have to be closed for the heavy‐duty traffic, because these bridges are overloaded.The strengthening with additional external tendons is the best available technology for older prestressed concrete bridges. That is the experience of the last years. In the following paper principles of design, detailing possibilities and construction works are illustrated. Special rules for shear design of older bridges with low thrust reinforcement and additional external tendons are at the development stage.
Entwurf und Ausführungsplanung der Stöbnitztalbrücke
Authors: Jung Rolf , Marx Steffen , Schenkel Marcus , Stockmann Rico 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAuf der Neubaustrecke Erfurt – Leipzig/Halle werden zurzeit einige Talbrücken realisiert, die einen neuen, ganzheitlich orientierten Entwurfsansatz verfolgen. Bei diesen integralen bzw. semi‐integralen Bauwerken sind die Überbauten monolithisch mit den Pfeilern und teilweise mit den Widerlagern verbunden. Sie können deshalb schlanker und mit stetigen Übergängen zwischen den Bauteilen ausgeführt werden. Durch den weitgehenden Verzicht auf Lager und Fugen und durch die robuste Bauweise besitzen integrale Bauwerke eine wesentlich längere Lebenserwartung als herkömmliche Talbrücken. Die Scherkondetalbrücke und die Gänsebachtalbrücke wurden bereits in vorherigen Ausgaben beschrieben. In diesem Beitrag wird über den Bau der Stöbnitztalbrücke berichtet, die als Sondervorschlag der ausführenden Baufirma realisiert wird.The Bridge over Stoebnitz Valley – a Bridge without Bearings on High‐Speed Railway Route Erfurt – Leipzig/HalleCurrently some large valley bridges are under construction on high‐speed railway route Erfurt‐Leipzig/Halle. These bridges follow a new holistic design philosophy. The superstructures of those integral or semi‐integral bridges are rigidly connected to the abutments and the columns. Therefore, they are more slender than conventional bridges and the bridges are very robust and durable because of the omitting of bearings and dilatation joints. The bridges over Scherkonde valley and over Gaensebach valley were already described in previous issues. In this paper the construction of the bridge crossing Stoebnitz valley is reported. This bridge is being built as an alternate design of the contractor.
Randomized clinical trial of endovenous laser ablation compared with conventional surgery for great saphenous varicose veins
Authors: Carradice D , Mekako A I , Mazari F A K , Samuel N , Hatfield J , Chetter I C 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundEndovenous laser ablation (EVLA) is a popular minimally invasive treatment for varicose veins. Surgical treatment, featuring junctional ligation and inversion stripping, has shown excellent clinical and cost effectiveness. The clinical effectiveness of both treatments was compared within a randomized trial.MethodsSome 280 patients were randomized equally into groups receiving either surgery or EVLA. Participants had primary, symptomatic, unilateral venous insufficiency, with isolated saphenofemoral junction incompetence, leading to reflux into the great saphenous vein. Outcomes included: quality of life (QoL), Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS), pain scores and time taken to return to normal function. Owing to the nature of the procedures, blinding was not possible.ResultsBoth groups had significant improvements in VCSS after treatment (P &lt; 0·001), which resulted in improved disease-specific QoL (Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire, P &lt; 0·001) and quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gain (P &lt; 0·001). The pain and disability following surgery impaired normal function, with a significant decline in five of eight Short Form 36 (SF-36®) domains (P &lt; 0·001 to P = 0·029). Periprocedural QoL was relatively preserved following EVLA, leading to a significant difference between the two treatments in pain scores (P &lt; 0·001), six of eight SF-36® domains (P = 0·004 to P = 0·049) and QALYs (P = 0·003). As a result, surgical patients took longer to return to work and normal activity (14 versus 4 days; P &lt; 0·001). Complications were rare.ConclusionEVLA was as effective as surgery for varicose veins, but had a less negative impact on early postintervention QoL. Registration number: NCT00759434 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Pd‐Catalyzed Borylative Polycyclization of Enediynes to Alkylboronates
Authors: Marco‐Martínez Juan , Buñuel Elena , López‐Durán Ruth , Cárdenas Diego J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPd‐catalyzed bicyclization of 1‐ene‐6,11‐diynes with bis(pinacolato)diboron smoothly affords synthetically useful homoallylic alkylboronates under mild conditions, avoiding the use of highly nucleophilic or basic reagents. One CB bond and two new CC bonds are created, and two new stereogenic centers are stereospecifically formed in a single tandem operation. The obtained products suggest a cascade reaction in which the last step is the transmetalation of bis(pinacolato)diboron, this being faster than a possible β‐hydride elimination process. The reaction is general and has been applied to enediynes with different substituents on the alkene unit, the bridging groups, and the alkyne moiety. The bicyclized alkylboronates thus obtained can be functionalized by oxidation to alcohols, formation of trifluoroborate salts, or by Suzuki coupling reactions.
Multivariate Statistical Identification of Human Bladder Carcinomas Using Ambient Ionization Imaging Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Dill Allison L. , Eberlin Livia S. , Costa Anthony B. , Zheng Cheng , Ifa Demian R. , Cheng Liang , Masterson Timothy A. , Koch Michael O. , Vitek Olga , Cooks R. Graham 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDiagnosis of human bladder cancer in untreated tissue sections is achieved by using imaging data from desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI‐MS) combined with multivariate statistical analysis. We use the distinctive DESI‐MS glycerophospholipid (GP) mass spectral profiles to visually characterize and formally classify twenty pairs (40 tissue samples) of human cancerous and adjacent normal bladder tissue samples. The individual ion images derived from the acquired profiles correlate with standard histological hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)‐stained serial sections. The profiles allow us to classify the disease status of the tissue samples with high accuracy as judged by reference histological data. To achieve this, the data from the twenty pairs were divided into a training set and a validation set. Spectra from the tumor and normal regions of each of the tissue sections in the training set were used for orthogonal projection to latent structures (O‐PLS) treated partial least‐square discriminate analysis (PLS‐DA). This predictive model was then validated by using the validation set and showed a 5 % error rate for classification and a misclassification rate of 12 %. It was also used to create synthetic images of the tissue sections showing pixel‐by‐pixel disease classification of the tissue and these data agreed well with the independent classification that uses histological data by a certified pathologist. This represents the first application of multivariate statistical methods for classification by ambient ionization although these methods have been applied previously to other MS imaging methods. The results are encouraging in terms of the development of a method that could be utilized in a clinical setting through visualization and diagnosis of intact tissue.
Gold‐Nanoparticle‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Propargylamines: The Traditional A3‐Multicomponent Reaction Performed as a Two‐Step Flow Process
Authors: Abahmane Lahbib , Köhler J. Michael , Groß G. Alexander 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe alkyne, aldehyde, amine A3‐coupling reaction, a traditional multicomponent reaction (MCR), has been investigated as a two‐step flow process. The implicated aminoalkylation reaction of phenylacetylene with appropriate aldimine intermediates was catalyzed by gold nanoparticles impregnated on alumina. The aldimine formation was catalyzed by Montmorillonite K10 beforehand. The performance of the process has been investigated with respect to different reaction regimes. Usually, the A3‐multicomponent reaction is performed as a “one‐pot” process. Diversity‐oriented syntheses using MCRs often have the shortcoming that only low selectivity and low yields are achieved. We have used a flow‐chemistry approach to perform the A3‐MCR in a sequential manner. In this way, the reaction performance was significantly enhanced in terms of shortened reaction time, and the desired propargylamines were obtained in high yields.
One‐Dimensional End‐To‐End Azide‐Bridged MnIII Complexes Incorporating Alkali Metal Ions: Slow Magnetic Relaxations and Metamagnetism
Authors: Yoon Jung Hee , Lee Jin Wuk , Ryu Dae Won , Yoon Sung Won , Suh Byoung Jin , Kim Hyoung Chan , Hong Chang Seop 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThree azide‐bridged MnIII chains [Mn(3‐MeOsalpn)(N3)]⋅0.5 AClO4 (A=Na (1), K (2), Rb (3); 3‐MeOsalpn=N,N′‐propylenebis(3‐methoxysalicylideneiminato) dianion) incorporating alkali metal ions and perchlorate anions were systematically synthesized. The overall structure can be described as a one‐dimensional chain bridged by end‐to‐end azide ligands, although spatial arrangements of Jahn–Teller axes of Mn in 1 and 2 are different from that in 3. Relying on the alkali metal ions, magnetic properties are varied from a two‐step phase transition (1) to metamagnetic transitions (2 and 3). In this system, spin canting definitely plays a central role in giving rise to the apparent slow magnetic relaxations in 1 and 2 because application of a high external magnetic field tends to destroy single‐chain magnet (SCM) properties. Despite the existence of a long‐range antiferromagnetic order at TN, slow magnetic relaxation is notably observed in 2, which likely emanates from the operative spin canting below TN.
Pd‐ and Ni‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Functionalized Organozinc Reagents with Unsaturated Thioethers
Authors: Melzig Laurin , Metzger Albrecht , Knochel Paul 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA variety of unsaturated thioethers have been subjected to cross‐coupling reactions with functionalized zinc reagents in the presence of a transition‐metal catalyst. Three different catalytic systems based on Pd(OAc)2or [Ni(acac)2] and the ligands S‐Phos or DPE‐Phos gave the best results. N‐Heterocyclic thioethers based on a pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine, triazine, benzothiazole, benzoxazole, pyrrole, or quinazoline ring, as well as thiomethylacetylenes, serve as electrophiles in this cross‐coupling reaction. Aryl‐, heteroaryl‐, benzylic, and alkylzinc halides with sensitive functionalities, such as ester, nitrile, or ketone groups react at ambient temperature with unsaturated thioethers using a Ni catalyst. The corresponding Pd‐catalyzed reactions require slightly higher temperatures. Large‐scale cross‐coupling experiments (10–20 mmol) with N‐heterocycles are also reported.