bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability of symptoms across major depressive episodes in bipolar disorder
Authors: Perlis Roy H , Ostacher Michael J , Uher Rudolf , Nierenberg Andrew A , Casamassima Francesco , Kansky Christine , Calabrese Joseph R , Thase Michael , Sachs Gary S 
Published: November 2009

Objective:  Some studies suggest that depressive subtypes, defined by groups of symptoms, have predictive or diagnostic utility. These studies make the implicit assumption of stability of symptoms across episodes in mood disorders, which has rarely been investigated.Methods:  We examined prospective data from a cohort of 3,750 individuals with bipolar I or II disorder participating in the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder study, selecting a subset of individuals who experienced two depressive episodes during up to two years of follow‐up. Across‐episode association of individual depressive or hypomanic/mixed symptoms was examined using the weighted kappa measure of agreement as well as logistic regression.Results:  A total of 583 subjects experienced two prospectively observed depressive episodes, with 149 of those subjects experiencing a third. Greatest evidence of stability was observed for neurovegetative features, suicidality, and guilt/rumination. Loss of interest and fatigue were not consistent across episodes. Structural equation modeling suggested that the dimensional structure of symptoms was not invariant across episodes.Conclusion:  While the overall dimensional structure of depressive symptoms lacks temporal stability, individual symptoms including suicidality, mood, psychomotor, and neurovegetative symptoms are stable across major depressive episodes in bipolar disorder and should be considered in future investigations of course and pathophysiology in bipolar disorder.
Patients with problematic opioid use can be weaned from codeine without pain escalation
Authors: NILSEN H. K. , STILES T. C. , LANDRØ N. I. , FORS E. A. , KAASA S. , BORCHGREVINK P. C. 
Published: November 2009

Background: Brief treatments for chronic non‐malignant pain patients with problematic opioid use are warranted. The aims of the present study were to investigate (1) whether it is possible to withdraw codeine use in such patients with a brief cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT), (2) whether this could be done without pain escalation and reduction in quality of life and (3) to explore the effects of codeine reduction on neurocognitive functioning.Methods: Eleven patients using codeine daily corresponding to 40–100 mg morphine were included. Two specifically trained physicians treated the patients with six CBT sessions, tapering codeine gradually within 8 weeks. Codeine use, pain intensity, quality of life and neuropsychological functioning were assessed at pre‐treatment to the 3‐month follow‐up.Results: Codeine use was significantly reduced from mean 237 mg [standard deviation (SD) 65] pre‐treatment to 45 mg (SD 66) post‐treatment and to 48 mg (SD 65) at follow‐up without significant pain escalation or reductions in quality of life. Moreover, neuropsychological functioning improved significantly on some tests, while others remained unchanged.Conclusion: The promising findings of codeine reduction in this weaning therapy programme for pain patients with problematic opioid use should be further evaluated in a larger randomized control trial comparing this brief CBT with both another brief treatment and attention placebo condition.
Lidocaine vs. magnesium: effect on analgesia after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: SAADAWY I. M. , KAKI A. M. , ABD EL LATIF A. A. , ABD‐ELMAKSOUD A. M. , TOLBA O. M. 
Published: November 2009

Background: This double‐blinded study aimed at evaluating and comparing the effects of magnesium and lidocaine on pain, analgesic requirements, bowel function, and quality of sleep in patients undergoing a laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).Methods: Patients were randomized into three groups (n=40 each). Group M received magnesium sulfate 50 mg/kg intravenously (i.v.), followed by 25 mg/kg/h i.v., group L received lidocaine 2 mg/kg i.v., followed by 2 mg/kg/h i.v., and group P received saline i.v. Bolus doses were given over 15 min before induction of anesthesia, followed by an i.v. infusion through the end of surgery. Intraoperative fentanyl consumption and averaged end‐tidal sevoflurane concentration were recorded. Abdominal and shoulder pain were evaluated up to 24 h using a visual analog scale (VAS). Morphine consumption was recorded at 2 and 24 h, together with quality of sleep and time of first flatus.Results: Lidocaine or magnesium reduced anesthetic requirements (P<0.01), pain scores (P<0.05), and morphine consumption (P<0.001) relative to the control group. Lidocaine resulted in lower morphine consumption at 2 h [4.9 ± 2.3 vs. 6.8 ± 2.8 (P<0.05)] and lower abdominal VAS scores compared with magnesium (1.8 ± 0.8 vs. 3.2 ± 0.9, 2.2 ± 1 vs. 3.6 ± 1.6, and 2.1 ± 1.4 vs. 3.3 ± 1.9) at 2, 6, and 12 h, respectively (P<0.05). Lidocaine was associated with earlier return of bowel function and magnesium was associated with better sleep quality (P<0.05).Conclusion: I.v. lidocaine and magnesium improved post‐operative analgesia and reduced intraoperative and post‐operative opioid requirements in patients undergoing LC. The improvement of quality of recovery might facilitate rapid hospital discharge.
Caudal analgesia for prostate biopsy
Authors: CESUR M. , YAPANOGLU T. , ERDEM A. F. , OZBEY I. , ALICI H. A. , AKSOY Y. 
Published: November 2009

Background: Although various local anesthesia techniques have been suggested to decrease pain and discomfort during a transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)‐guided prostate biopsy, the best method has not yet been defined. The present prospective, double‐blind, randomized study aims to investigate the clinical efficacy of ‘walking’ caudal block compared with an intrarectal lidocaine gel for this procedure.Methods: One hundred patients were randomly assigned to two groups. In the lidocaine gel group, 10 ml of gel containing 2% lidocaine was given intrarectally. In the caudal group, 20 ml 0.1% bupivacaine with 75 μg fentanyl was injected. Pain scores, anal sphincter tone and patient satisfaction were evaluated.Results: The pain scores were significantly lower in the caudal group at all stages. Verbal rating scores (scale 1–4) during probe insertion, probe maneuver and biopsies were 1 (0–2), 1 (0–2) and 1 (0–2) vs. 3 (0–5), 2 (1–3) and 4 (2–6), respectively (P value <0.0001 at all stages). The anal sphincter was more relaxed in the caudal group than in the gel group (P value <0.0001 in all categories). Highly satisfied patients were more frequently encountered in the caudal group, 34 (68%) vs. 8 (16%), P<0.0001, and unsatisfied patients were more frequently found in the gel group 1 (2%) vs. 12 (24%); P<0.001. All patients were able to walk without any assistance immediately after the procedures.Conclusion: ‘Walking’ caudal analgesia is an efficacious method for relieving the pain during TRUS‐guided prostate biopsies in ambulatory practice.
Megabenthic diversity patterns and community structure of the Blanes submarine canyon and adjacent slope in the Northwestern Mediterranean: a human overprint?
Authors: Ramirez‐Llodra Eva , Company Joan Baptista , Sardà Francisco , Rotllant Guiomar 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe composition and structure of megabenthic communities in the Blanes canyon and adjacent open margin (Northwestern Mediterranean) were studied. The aim was to assess the effect of the canyon and commercial fishing intensity on the community composition and structure of benthic megafauna by (i) describing the megabenthic community composition, (ii) quantifying faunal abundance and biomass and (iii) describing community structure with MDS analyses and biodiversity indices. The results are compared between three sites (canyon head, canyon wall and open margin) located between 435 m and 700 m. Samples were collected using a commercial bottom trawl between April 2003 and March 2004. These sites are exploited by the local fishing fleet that targets the rose shrimp Aristeus antennatus. A total of 131 megabenthic species were identified from the three sites, with fishes and decapod crustaceans being the most speciose, most abundant and of higher biomass. The species richness, abundance and biomass of non‐crustacean invertebrates were low. There were no significant differences in total abundance and biomass between the three sites. However, community structure analysis suggests that the open margin community is significantly different from the canyon head and canyon wall, with a lower species richness, lower diversity and lower evenness. The open margin community also reflects a higher degree of disturbance compared to the two canyon habitats. The results indicate that there is a canyon effect on the community structure of benthic megafauna, but this may be modulated by differing fishing pressure, which adds an additional factor to margin heterogeneity.
Comparative research between Australia and Japan: A comparison of the quality of health care in nursing facilities using actigraphy
Authors: Miyake Mari , Rock Anne , Tajika Aran , Hozu Shinichirou , Kanda Seiji , Ueda Teruko , Nishiyama Toshimasa 
Published: November 2009

Aim:  Aging in Japan is advancing at a globally unprecedented rate. In Japan, the provision of high quality nursing care for aged people is needed. In the present study, we clarify the effect of different environments and nursing care service on the life rhythm of aged people in Japan and Australia.Methods:  In Australia, cognitive rehabilitation with activities offered at nursing facilities focuses on resident care needs and the promotion of independence through Diversional Therapy (DT). The participants were nine nursing facility residents in Australia where DT is practiced (ANF). In Japan, 10 nursing facility residents (JNF) and 11 people living independently (JLI). Upon explanation of the research objective to the three groups and obtaining their consent, participants were equipped with wristwatch‐style actigraphs that were attached to the non‐dominant hand for 3 days.Results:  The time period of most activity for ANF was 13.00–14.00 hours at 224.6 ± 75.5 counts/min, which was significantly higher when compared with the 136.8 ± 63.8 for JNF (P < 0.05). Wake after onset of sleep, defined as minutes awake at night after falling asleep, was 48.8 ± 40.1 for ANF, 102.2 ± 82.6 for JNF and 18.5 ± 11.7 min for JLI. The JNF group was observed to have the longest night wake time (P < 0.05).Conclusion:  Employing actigraphs, sleep–wake assessments were conducted on aged people in three different lifestyle environments. This lifestyle difference was clear from the activity rhythm detected. Then, from a comparison of both countries, we were able to offer suggestions on life patterns of aged people brought about by the differences embodied in culture, environment and economic background.
Etiology and predictors of urinary incontinence and its effect on quality of life
Authors: Miu Doris KY , Lau Szeting , Szeto Samuel SL 
Published: November 2009

Aim:  Urinary incontinence associated with dementia can result in medical comorbidities. We aimed to determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence and to identify the etiology and factors associated with urinary incontinence in dementia patients.Methods:  Patients with an Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of more than 10, attending the memory clinic were recruited. Basic demographic data, types and duration of dementia, use of cholinesterase inhibitor and other drugs with anticholinergic effects, carer stress and presence of urinary incontinence in the previous 6 months were recorded. Urodynamic studies were carried out in those patients with urinary incontinence.Results:  One hundred and forty‐four subjects with a mean age of 78 years (standard deviation 6.8) were included. Forty‐eight (33.3%) had urinary incontinence. There was no statistically significant difference between continent and incontinent groups regarding age, MMSE, duration of dementia, use of cholinesterase inhibitor and of drugs with anticholinergic effects. Presence of nocturia of more than twice per night (odds ratio [OR] 4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7, 9.2), use of walking aids (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.1, 5.9) and male sex (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.1, 5.2) were independent predictors of urinary incontinence. Urodynamic studies showed that 21 subjects had detrusor overactivity, 13 had bladder outlet obstruction, two with low compliance bladder, two with small bladder capacity, four with detrusor hyperactivity and impaired contractility.Conclusion:  Urinary incontinence commonly occurs in dementia subjects. Poor mobility and presence of nocturia increase the risk of urinary incontinence. Correction of the possible reversible factors may help to reduce the prevalence of urinary incontinence in patients with dementia and reduce carer stress.
Scenery Picture Memory Test: A new type of quick and effective screening test to detect early stage Alzheimer's disease patients
Authors: Takechi Hajime , Dodge Hiroko H 
Published: November 2009

Aim:  It is highly desirable to develop a neuropsychological screening test which is sensitive to the early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and is easy to administer at the primary care physician's (PCP's) office.Methods:  Participants were 128 AD patients and 54 healthy volunteers. Brief cognitive screening tests were administered to the participants including the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clock Drawing Test (CDT), Verbal Fluency Test (VFT), a Verbal Category Cued Memory test (CCMT) and the Scenery Picture Memory Test (SPMT). In the SPMT, a scenery picture of a living room containing 23 familiar objects was used. The administration of the SPMT comprised the first shallow memory session (Pict 1) and the second deep memory session (Pict 2). The area under the receiver–operator curve (AUC) was used to compare the efficacy of SPMT with other cognitive tests.Results:  Pict 1, which requires less than 2 min to complete, had the same AUC as Pict 2, and showed significantly larger AUC than MMSE, CDT and VFT for all (MMSE 19–23) and very mild (MMSE ≥ 24) AD patients. When we conducted the similar analysis separately for those younger than 75 years and those aged 75 years or older, we obtained the same results as above among the older age group. Pict 1 showed larger AUC than CCMT in overall sample and also in the older age group, although the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusion:  The SPMT could be useful for detection of mild and very mild AD in settings even where time is limited.
Ocean acidification disrupts the innate ability of fish to detect predator olfactory cues
Authors: Dixson Danielle L. , Munday Philip L. , Jones Geoffrey P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWhile ocean acidification is predicted to threaten marine biodiversity, the processes that directly impact species persistence are not well understood. For marine species, early life history stages are inherently vulnerable to predators and an innate ability to detect predators can be critical for survival. However, whether or not acidification inhibits predator detection is unknown. Here, we show that newly hatched larvae of the marine fish Amphiprion percula innately detect predators using olfactory cues and this ability is retained through to settlement. Aquarium‐reared larvae, not previously exposed to predators, were able to distinguish between the olfactory cues of predatory and non‐predatory species. However, when eggs and larvae were exposed to seawater simulating ocean acidification (pH 7.8 and 1000 p.p.m. CO2) settlement‐stage larvae became strongly attracted to the smell of predators and the ability to discriminate between predators and non‐predators was lost. Newly hatched larvae were unaffected by CO2 exposure and were still able to distinguish between predatory and non‐predatory fish. If this impairment of olfactory preferences in settlement‐stage larvae translates to higher mortality as a result of increased predation risk, there could be direct consequences for the replenishment and the sustainability of marine populations. Ecology Letters (2010) 13: 68–75
Role of the kidney in normal glucose homeostasis and in the hyperglycaemia of diabetes mellitus: therapeutic implications
Authors: Gerich J. E. 
Published: November 2009

Diabet. Med. 27, 136–142 (2010)AbstractConsiderable data have accumulated over the past 20 years, indicating that the human kidney is involved in the regulation of glucose via gluconeogenesis, taking up glucose from the circulation, and by reabsorbing glucose from the glomerular filtrate. In light of the development of glucose‐lowering drugs involving inhibition of renal glucose reabsorption, this review summarizes these data. Medline was searched from 1989 to present using the terms ‘renal gluconeogenesis’, ‘renal glucose utilization’, ‘diabetes mellitus’ and ‘glucose transporters’. The human liver and kidneys release approximately equal amounts of glucose via gluconeogenesis in the post‐absorptive state. In the postprandial state, although overall endogenous glucose release decreases substantially, renal gluconeogenesis increases by approximately twofold. Glucose utilization by the kidneys after an overnight fast accounts for ∼10% of glucose utilized by the body. Following a meal, glucose utilization by the kidney increases. Normally each day, ∼180 g of glucose is filtered by the kidneys; almost all of this is reabsorbed by means of sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 (SGLT2), expressed in the proximal tubules. However, the capacity of SGLT2 to reabsorb glucose from the renal tubules is finite and, when plasma glucose concentrations exceed a threshold, glucose appears in the urine. Handling of glucose by the kidney is altered in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM): renal gluconeogenesis and renal glucose uptake are increased in both the post‐absorptive and postprandial states, and renal glucose reabsorption is increased. Specific SGLT2 inhibitors are being developed as a novel means of controlling hyperglycaemia in T2DM.
Does diabetes‐related distress explain the presence of depressive symptoms and/or poor self‐care in individuals with Type 1 diabetes?
Authors: Lloyd C. E. , Pambianco G. , Orchard T. J. 
Published: November 2009

Diabet. Med. 27, 234–237 (2010)AbstractAims  To examine the relationship between depressive symptomatology, diabetes‐related distress and aspects of diabetes self‐care in a cohort of individuals with Type 1 diabetes.Methods  Individuals with Type 1 diabetes taking part in the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES‐D) Scale and the Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) scale. Self‐care was measured by physical activity in the past week and over the previous year, frequency of blood glucose/urine testing, smoking status and alcohol intake.Results  Clinically significant levels of depressive symptomatology (i.e. scores ≥ 16) were reported by 14% of the study population on the BDI and by 18% on the CES‐D. There were strong correlations between depressive symptoms and diabetes‐related distress (PAID scores) and physical activity. Multivariate analyses indicated that depression was independently associated with diabetes‐related distress scores and with physical activity, but not with frequency of blood glucose testing.Conclusions  These findings have implications for clinical practice and treatment of both psychological morbidity and diabetes. There may be significant effects of depression on aspects of diabetes self‐care. Further prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.
The English genitive and double case
Authors: Payne John 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDouble case is a widespread phenomenon in which a feature, typically a case feature which originates on a noun phrase A, is realised externally to a feature which originates on a noun phrase B which is a subconstituent of A. Although not included in the above collection, examples of the English phrasal genitive such as [the girl who invited[me’s]]best friendand [a friend of[mine’s]]mother, in which the genitive case marker is realised externally to a pronoun in the accusative or genitive case, fit this paradigm exactly. In this paper, I argue therefore that any analysis of the English genitive must be consistent with the constraints imposed by the general typology of double case. Having outlined an edge‐feature analysis which satisfies these constraints, I further show that, in distinction to postlexical clitic analyses, it provides an account of Kruisinga’s observation that the English phrasal genitive, as in *the queens of England’s, is incompatible with (regular) plural marking.
Little old problems: adjectives and subjectivity in the English NP
Authors: González‐Díaz Victorina 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis paper concentrates on the concomitances between semantics and syntax in the NP modifier slot. Through a corpus‐based study of the behaviour ofoldin two‐adjective premodifying strings (e.g.good old man,old dark coat), the paper provides empirical support to Matthews’ claims regarding the complexity of the NP internal syntax, and points to the need for a careful exploration of how processes of subjectivisation map onto the diachrony of complex NPs in English.
C1q enhances microglial clearance of apoptotic neurons and neuronal blebs, and modulates subsequent inflammatory cytokine production
Authors: Fraser Deborah A. , Pisalyaput Karntipa , Tenner Andrea J. 
Published: November 2009

J. Neurochem. (2010) 112, 733–743.AbstractThe expression of C1q, a recognition molecule of the complement system, is up‐regulated following neuronal injury and is detected early in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. This multimeric protein triggers an enhancement of phagocytosis of suboptimally opsonized targets by microglia, the phagocytic cells of the CNS, similar to other phagocytes, enhances the uptake of apoptotic cells in peripheral phagocytes, and suppresses inflammatory cytokine production in human monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells in the absence of activation of the entire complement cascade. The goal of this study was to determine if C1q could influence the inflammatory response to injury in the CNS, using primary rat microglia and neurons. The data show that microglia preferentially ingest apoptotic cells in comparison to live cells, like other professional phagocytes, that microglial ingestion of apoptotic neurons and neuronal blebs is enhanced by the presence of normal serum and that these enhanced levels of uptake are diminished in serum depleted of C1q. In addition, purified C1q bound to apoptotic neurons and neuronal blebs in a dose dependent manner, and alone triggered a significant enhancement of uptake by microglia. Microglia added to C1q coated wells or fed apoptotic neurons or neuronal blebs coated with C1q suppressed the lipopolysaccharide‐induced production of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)‐1α, IL‐1β, IL‐6 and TNF‐α, while the presence of C1q enhanced levels of the chemokine MCP‐1/CCL2. The data are consistent with a protective role for C1q in the CNS during early stages of cell death by enhancing microglial clearance of apoptotic cells and suppressing proinflammatory cytokines.