bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Five-Year Survival Is Similar in Thyroid Cancer Patients with Distant Metastases Prepared for Radioactive Iodine Therapy with either Thyroid Hormone Withdrawal or Recombinant Human TSH
Authors: Tala H. , Robbins R. , Fagin J. A. , Larson S. M. , Tuttle R. M. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract

Context:
Elevated levels of TSH markedly enhance the effectiveness of radioiodine (RAI) therapy in metastatic thyroid cancer.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to compare short-term overall survival in thyroid cancer patients with RAI-avid distant metastases prepared for RAI therapy with either traditional thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW) or recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) stimulation.

Design:
This was a retrospective chart review.

Setting:
The study was conducted at a tertiary care comprehensive cancer center.

Patients:
Patients included 175 patients with RAI avid metastatic disease to lung and/or bone.

Interventions:
In 58 patients, all RAI treatments (remnant ablation and therapy of metastatic disease) were done with rhTSH stimulation. In 35 patients, all RAI treatments were done after THW. In 82 patients, THW was used for initial RAI treatment(s) with subsequent administered activities given after rhTSH stimulation.

Main Outcome Measure:
Overall survival was measured.

Results:
After a median follow-up of 5.5 yr, there were no significant differences in overall survival between patients prepared for RAI therapy with rhTSH alone, THW alone, or THW followed by rhTSH (Kaplan-Meier analysis,P = 0.80). In a multivariate analysis that included clinicopathological features and method of preparation (rhTSH or TWH), only age at diagnosis was an independent predictor of overall survival.

Conclusions:
Preparation for RAI therapy using either THW or rhTSH stimulation was associated with similar 5-yr overall survival rates in patients with RAI avid thyroid cancer metastases to lung or bone.
Pancreatic cysts: significance and management
Authors: Tevernaraki K , Read S , Amin Z 
Published: May 2011

Detection of pancreatic cystic lesions has significantly increased, often incidentally, due to the greater use and improved sensitivity of cross-sectional imaging. They may be benign, potentially malignant or malignant lesions, therefore accurate characterization is needed to decide on management. Ultrasound can be very useful in assessing cyst morphology but visibility may be poor. CT and MRI/MRCP are the main diagnostic tools for evaluating pancreatic cysts. Endoscopic ultrasound gives detailed morphological assessment and its main use is in allowing aspiration for cytology and tumour marker measurement. Larger cysts with specific features on imaging are managed according to the most likely diagnosis. The management of smaller (<3 cm) cysts is more difficult and should be based on their imaging appearance and associated patient morbidity. Although pseudocysts are a very common cause for cystic pancreatic lesions, more recent data suggest more than 60% of small pancreatic cysts may be mucinous. The precise management algorithm is controversial and still evolving. In general, unilocular cysts <3 cm can be followed up with imaging, EUS aspiration and fluid analysis should be considered for complex cysts, especially if >2 cm, depending on patient age and morbidity. The length of follow-up is controversial, but should probably be for at least four years.
The Methane Misconceptions
Authors: Flood Wilson 
Published: May 2011

A doubling of the amount of methane in the atmosphere with its present composition would produce a warming equal to only about one thirtieth of the warming produced by a doubling of carbon dioxide. At present rates of increase it would take about 360 years for atmospheric methane levels to double. Molecule for molecule, methane is 7 times more effective at being a greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide. Present changes in atmospheric methane levels pose no environmental risk whatsoever.
Linked Open Data Perspectives: Incorporating Linked Open Data into Information Extraction on the Web
Authors: Adrian Benjamin , Dengel Andreas 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Currently, the World Wide Web can be divided into two separate fields. The traditional Web of Documents consisting of hyperlinked web documents and the emerging Web of Data consisting of linked open data. We present ontology-based information extraction as core technology for bridging the gap between both fields. Based on this, we list three basic applications that integrate web data to web documents. Our SCOOBIE system can extract information of a linked open dataset mentioned as textual phrases in web documents. SCOOBIE returns machine interpretable metadata summarizing the content of a web document from the perspective of a linked open dataset. Based on SCOOBIE we present EPIPHANY, a system that returns extracted metadata back to the originating web document in form of semantic annotations. This allows users to request the Web of Data for more information about annotated subjects inside the web document. STERNTALER is a system that analyses extracted metadata from search results of a search engine. It generates semantic filters filled with facets of things that were extracted from web documents inside search results. This allows users filtering those web documents that contain information about specific subjects and facets.
Measuring Knowledge Management Success: Development and Test of a Theory-Based Measuring Model
Authors: Lehner Franz , Haas Nicolas 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Many reports suggest that knowledge management concepts are practically accepted and only detailed questions remain open but this is only partially the case. Nevermore, one is still preoccupied with the question as to how a successful and sustainable integration of knowledge management can be accomplished in corporate practice. Science therefor begins to systematically investigate impacts on success and to develop analysis methods. Success factors which form the basis of KM success measurement in practice are tested using a research design from behavioural science as theoretical foundation.
(Weiblichen) Nachwuchs? Gewinnen! — Informatik, Jugend, Wettbewerbe und mehr
Authors: Pohl Wolfgang 
Published: May 2011

Zusammenfassung
Sind die Klagen der Informatik über mangelnden Nachwuchs überhaupt berechtigt? Anfängerzahlen auf Rekordniveau wecken Zweifel. Ein genauerer Blick zeigt, dass es an weiblichen (keine Überraschung) und möglicherweise auch an besonders guten (Überraschung?) Studierenden fehlt. Die Initiative BWINF (Bundesweit Informatiknachwuchs fördern) ist aus dem Bundeswettbewerb Informatik hervorgegangen. Sie engagiert sich mit einem breiten und in sich stimmigen Programm in der Nachwuchsförderung und geht dabei offensiv auch die genannten Probleme an.
Ultrafast Laser Cleaning of Daguerreotypes
Authors: Abere Michael J. , Murphy Ryan D. , Jackson Bianca , Mourou Gerard , Menu Michel , Mansfield John , Yalisove Steven M. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTAn ultrafast laser irradiation method for the removal of corrosion from Daguerreotypes without detrimentally affecting image quality has been developed. Corrosion products such as silver oxide and silver sulfide may be removed by chemical cleaning but these reactions are hard to control and are often damaging to the underlying silver, ruining the image. The Ti:Sapphire 150 fs laser pulses used in this study are focused to a beam diameter of 60 μm and are normally incident to the Daguerreotype. It was found that the corrosion layer has a lower material removal threshold than silver allowing for removal of corrosion with minimal removal of vital information contained in the silver substrate.
Alloys from Anau: The Manipulation of Metallic Properties in 3rdMillennium B.C. Southern Central Asia
Authors: Erb-Satullo Nathaniel L. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTMetallography, chemical analysis, and microhardness testing of copper-alloy objects from Anau, Turkmenistan (c. 3000-2400 B.C.), were undertaken to determine how technological choices influenced the properties of the finished objects. Additionally, this analytical program assessed the position of the Anau metals in the development of metallurgy in southern Central Asia. Metallographic analysis of three bladed objects, all copper-arsenic alloys with 1% to 5% arsenic, showed that their edges had been cold-worked to a greater or lesser degree to create a blade that maintained a sharp edge, but also had flexibility to withstand impacts. Microhardness testing confirmed that the blade edges had a higher hardness than the interior metal. One of the objects had sulfur-rich inclusions in the metal matrix, suggesting the original charge had at least some sulfide ore. Conversely, a curved rod, made from a copper-lead-tin alloy, was cast to shape and showed no additional working of the metal. Lead, visible as black particles in the microstructure, was likely added to make the molten metal flow more easily. The metallographic and chemical analyses showed that the Anau objects fit into the tradition of Southern Central Asian metallurgy, though the presence of tin in objects of this period is more rare here than in later periods. Anau smiths displayed an ability to manipulate both physical and chemical properties of metal in order to produce functional objects with optimal characteristics.
Reconstructing the past to prevent future loss: The dyeing industry of Pompeii
Authors: Hopkins H. J. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTThe industrial dyeing apparatus excavated in Pompeii have been preserved and remainin situ. To understand Pompeii’s economy, and its place in the Roman world, it is necessary to first understand the capabilities of a single industry. Before this study, the size of the dyeing industry was calculated by applying theory to a superficial measurement of the remains. This study was the first to realise that to understand an industry it was necessary to reconstruct and use the relevant parts.The most comprehensive survey of the apparatus was undertaken. A full-scale physical replica was constructed from materials that physically and thermally matched the originals. This study was the first to define the dyeing cycle time, temperatures reached and fuel type and quantity required. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was used to model a virtual replica to show the effect of external influences on the materials during use. The lead metal data did not exist before this study. This was the first use of FEA to model an archaeological apparatus or artefact of more than one material. The dyeing industry had been far smaller than originally thought.Archaeological virtual replications tend to be aesthetic. This study produced a rare physical replication. When this is combined with data from the original survey and physical replicas each apparatus is now ‘preserved by record’ and may be recreated. Some of the apparatus in Pompeii have been amended in an attempt to reconstruct and preserve them. This study has shown that the amendments are incorrect and potentially misleading.Prior to this study the size of the industry was a controversial ‘unanswerable’ question. This study provided a solid foundation that answered the question and illustrated a new approach, through a method that provided a means of preserving the apparatus for the future.
Technological Tradition and Change in Tibetan Silversmithing Techniques in Songpan, Sichuan Province, China
Authors: Reedy Chandra L. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTSilver jewelry and repoussé work have been a significant part of the material culture of Tibet for centuries. While objects such as offering bowls, skullcups, butter lamps, ewers, portable shrines and incense burners serve religious purposes, many other type of objects are important in the secular life of Tibetans. This secular silver material culture includes items such as necklaces, bracelets, rings, hair ornaments, amulet cases, vessels, belts or waistbands and hooks for milk pails or butter churners.The discussion presented here focuses on secular silver objects made in the workshop of a traditional Tibetan silversmith in the town of Songpan in northwestern Sichuan Province, China (traditionally comprising part of eastern Tibet). With interruptions in traditional practices during the Cultural Revolution, the question has been raised about whether or not such practices have continued [1]. This research is part of an effort to document traditional Tibetan craft practices and identify threats to their preservation. Workshop processes start with the craftsman acquiring the silver, making or buying tools, arranging the work area, and the customer commissioning a piece. Technical processes include working the silver ingot to form an object, annealing and quenching, making silver wire, filigree, granulation, soldering, inlay work, pickling and finishing.Some changes have been introduced in how the workshop operates during the lifetime of the current craftsman, leading to differences between his procedures and that of his father, under whom he apprenticed. Some of these changes are due to technological advances (new equipment becoming available) and some are due to larger societal changes (for example, new government regulations regarding purchasing of raw silver). These changes are often in technological style affecting the fabrication stages, but not necessarily visible in completed objects, which retain their traditional forms, visual style and functions.
The Redecoration History of a Chinese Polychromed Guanyin Attributed to the 11th–12thCentury C.E. as Deduced from Stratigraphic Microanalysis
Authors: Twilley John , Garland Kathleen M. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTThe decorative polychrome history of a remarkable depiction of the “Guanyin of the Southern Sea” dating to the 11th-12thcenturies C.E. (Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, #34-10) has been studied by integrating the results of Scanning Electron Microscopy with Elemental Analysis by X-ray Spectrometry, Raman Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Polarized Light Microscopy. This 2.4m by 1.65m sculpture, carved almost entirely from a single Populus tree, has been attributed to Northern China and offers important points of comparison to previously studied works in the Victoria and Albert Museum and Rijksmuseum, with which it differs in certain important respects. Evidence for the original polychrome color scheme and those of at least three successive historical redecorations (two of which have been assigned ages by radiocarbon dating of paper interlayers) was found throughout the figure. By integrating the different forms of information obtainable from the methods cited above, it was possible to more fully describe complex pigment mixtures used to render different parts of the draperies. Both fracture sections and prepared cross sections serve different functions in revealing aspects of the paint preparation and its subsequent alteration. The differentiation of polymorphs of copper trihydroxychloride, made possible by Raman spectroscopy, allowed us to identify manmade botallackite with distinctive particle morphology as an important pigment of the intermediate period decorations, while elemental analysis of tin oxide traces showed that manmade atacamite used in other colors was derived from corroded bronze. Elemental analysis allowed distinctions to be made in the shade of gold leaf applied in different periods from cross sections without divesting the sculpture of later paint applications. The cross sections also provided evidence for the existence of flat gold line-work in areas subsequently redecorated with raised gilt brocades. Several combinations of the organic pigment indigo and inorganic paint constituents such as lead white, azurite, malachite and quartz reveal the means of adjusting shade and optical effects in closely-related paint applications. The results obtained by employing complementary techniques of analysis have served to greatly expand our understanding of the original use of polychrome decoration in the late Liao or Jin periods and its subsequent evolution, while alerting us to important Chinese innovations in the manufacure of pigments.
Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery Carried Out by One Team in Uganda: Where Have All the Palates Gone?
Authors: Wilson Joanna , Hodges Andrew 
Published: May 2011

Objective To determine the distribution of clefts in our operated population in comparison with data in the world literature. Design A retrospective review of hospital-based cleft procedures undertaken in Uganda over a 10-year period by one surgical team. Patients 1304 newly presenting cleft patients were identified and analyzed by sex, laterality, and type of cleft, and data were compared with the literature. Results We found male predominance in cleft lip (CL) and/or palate patients and female predominance in isolated cleft palate (CP) patients. Left-sided CLs presented more frequently than right-sided, bilateral, and midline cleft lips at a ratio of 50:38:11:1. Patients presented most commonly with an isolated CL, followed by cleft lip and palate (CLP), with a small number presenting with isolated CP (966, 306, and 32, respectively). Conclusion The distribution of sex and laterality broadly correlates with findings of other studies; however, a large discrepancy in the proportions of CL, CLP, and CP is apparent. Much higher numbers of CLs and much lower numbers of CLP and CP presented than would be expected in comparison with worldwide literature (2% of patients had an isolated CP). It is hypothesized that the low numbers of patients presenting with combined CLP and CP are due to high mortality among this cohort. If this hypothesis is correct, then in this series of 1304 cleft patients, as many as 3526 CP patients (91% of all CPs) are missing and probably died before undergoing surgical correction.
Professional Oral Hygiene as a Therapeutic Option for Pediatric Patients With Plasma Cell Gingivitis: Preliminary Results of a Prospective Case Series
Authors: Arduino Paolo G. , D'Aiuto Francesco , Cavallito Claudio , Carcieri Paola , Carbone Mario , Conrotto Davide , Defabianis Patrizia , Broccoletti Roberto 
Published: May 2011

Background: Plasma cell gingivitis (PCG) is a rare, benign inflammatory condition of unclear etiology with no definitive standard of care ever reported to our knowledge. The aim of this case series is to ascertain the clinical efficacy of professional oral hygiene and periodontal therapy in younger individuals with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of PCG.Methods: All patients received non‐surgical periodontal therapy, including oral hygiene instructions, and thorough supragingival scaling and polishing with the removal of all deposits and staining combined with the use of antimicrobials in a 9‐week cohort study. Clinical outcome variables were recorded at baseline and 4 weeks after the intervention and included, as periodontal parameters, full‐mouth plaque scores (FMPS), full‐mouth bleeding scores (FMBS), the clinical extension of gingival involvement, and patient‐related outcomes (visual analog score of pain).Results: A total of 11 patients (six males and five females; mean age: 11 ± 0.86 years) were recruited. Four weeks after finishing the oral hygiene and periodontal therapy protocol, a statistically significant reduction was observed for FMPS (P = 0.000), FMBS (P = 0.000), reported pain (P = 0.003) and clinical gingival involvement (P = 0.003).Conclusion: Standard, professional oral hygiene procedures and non‐surgical periodontal therapy including antimicrobials were associated with a marked improvement of clinical and patient‐related outcomes in pediatric cases of PCG.
Relationship Between Herpesviruses and Periodontopathogens in Patients With HIV and Periodontitis
Authors: Grande Sabrina R. , Imbronito Ana V. , Okuda Osmar S. , Pannuti Claudio M. , Nunes Fabio D. , Lima Luiz A. 
Published: May 2011

Background: The purpose of the present study is to verify a possible association between herpesviruses and periodontal pathogens in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and periodontitis.Methods: Twenty‐seven patients with HIV and chronic periodontitis and 23 patients with HIV and gingivitis were included in the study. Probing depth, clinical attachment loss, gingival index, and plaque index were recorded. Blood, saliva, and subgingival plaque were processed for viral and bacterial identification. Bacteria were identified by 16S rRNA‐based polymerase chain reaction and viruses by the nested polymerase chain reaction.Results: For the chronic periodontitis group, Epstein‐Barr (EBV)‐1 (70.4%) and Tannerella forsythia (Tf) (51.8%) presented higher detection in subgingival plaque and saliva (81.5% and 40.7%, respectively) than in blood (22% and 0%, respectively) (P <0.005 and P <0.0001, respectively). Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) was more frequent in subgingival plaque (77.7%; P <0.0001). In the gingivitis group, Pg and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) presented higher frequency in subgingival plaque (95.6% and 91.3%, respectively; P <0.0001 and P = 0.004). Tf and EBV‐1 were detected more frequently in subgingival plaque (47.8% and 78.3%, respectively) and saliva (52.2% and 52.2%, respectively; P = 0.004 and P <0.005) than in blood. EBV‐1, EBV‐1–HCMV, and presence of different viruses presented an association with periodontitis in saliva.Conclusions: No association was detected for herpesviruses and periodontal pathogens in patients who are HIV‐positive with periodontitis. EBV‐1 and coinfection (EBV‐1–HCMV) were associated with patients who are HIV‐positive with periodontitis.
Porous Titanium Granules in the Treatment of Mandibular Class II Furcation Defects: A Consecutive Case Series
Authors: Wohlfahrt Johan Caspar , Lyngstadaas Ståle Petter , Heijl Lars , Aass Anne Merete 
Published: May 2011

Background: The osteoconductive potential of titanium is interesting from the perspective of periodontal surgery and reconstitution of osseous defects. The aim of the present consecutive case series is to evaluate a surgical strategy based on the use of porous titanium granules (PTG) in the treatment of Class II buccal furcation defects in mandibular molars in humans.Methods: Surgical intervention with PTG used as a bone graft substitute was performed in 10 patients with 10 mandibular Class II buccal furcation defects. Clinical parameters (probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession (GR), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and horizontal and vertical bone sounding) and radiographic measurements of vertical furcation height were compared among baseline (presurgery), 6, and 12 months (post‐surgery). The significance level (α) was set at 0.05.Results: With respect to vertical and horizontal bone sounding measurements, CAL, and GR, no significant improvements between baseline and the 12‐month examination were seen. Both PD and radiographic vertical furcation height were significantly reduced between baseline and 12 months. When comparing the baseline to 12‐month data, a significantly lower GI score was seen but the BOP score was unchanged. None of the treated teeth showed radiographic signs of root resorption.Conclusion: This study suggests that PTG is safe to use in close proximity to root surfaces, but no significant improvements in clinical endpoints of defect resolution were observed.