bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrolysis of citrus peel naringin by recombinant α‐L‐rhamnosidase from Clostridium stercorarium
Authors: Kaur Aneet , Singh Satbir , Singh Ram S , Schwarz W H , Puri Munish 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe citrus fruit processing industry generates substantial quantities of waste rich in glycosylated phenolic substances such as naringin, which are a valuable natural source of polyphenols as well as L‐rhamnopyranose. Naringin is the major polyphenol in bitter orange peel and its hydrolysis by α‐L‐rhamnosidase (EC 3.2.1.40) catalyzes the cleavage of the terminal rhamnosyl groups to form prunin and rhamnose. In this work, a recombinant α‐L‐rhamnosidase from C. stercorarium was shown to be suitable for narigin hydrolysis. The recombinant rhamnosidase was found to be relatively stable at 60 °C, and a residual activity close to 50% after 180 min of incubation was demonstrated. The purified enzyme established hydrolysis of naringin extracted from citrus peel waste (CPW). The result indicated that recombinant α‐L‐rhamnosidase has industrial applicability and is an interesting candidate for producing rhamnose from citrus peel. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Contrasting fecal corticosterone metabolite levels in captive and free‐living colonial tuco‐tucos (Ctenomys sociabilis)
Authors: Woodruff Julie A. , Lacey Eileen A. , Bentley George 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe environment in which an animal lives can profoundly influence its biology, including physiological responses to external stressors. To examine the effects of environmental conditions on physiological stress reactions in colonial tuco‐tucos (Ctenomys sociabilis), we measured glucocorticoid (GC) levels in captive and free‐living members of this species of social, subterranean rodent. Analyses of plasma and fecal samples revealed immunoreactive corticosterone (metabolites) to be the most prevalent GC in this species. An adrenocorticotropic hormone challenge confirmed that fecal corticosterone metabolites are responsive to exogenous stressors and provided validation of the commercial enzyme immunoassay kit used to detect these metabolites. Comparisons of adult female C. sociabilis from natural and captive environments revealed significantly higher baseline concentrations of corticosterone metabolites and significantly greater individual variation in metabolite concentrations among free‐living animals. These findings suggest that the natural environment in which these animals occur is more challenging and more variable than the captive housing conditions employed. In addition to providing the first evaluation of GC levels in captive and wild colonial tuco‐tucos, our findings indicate that the influence of environmental conditions on stress physiology may have important implications for understanding the social behavior of this species in the laboratory and the field. J. Exp. Zool. 313A:498–507, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatic differentiation of liver-derived progenitor cells and their characterization by microRNA analysis
Authors: Chen Yixin , Zhou Hongchao , Sarver Aaron L. , Zeng Yan , Roy-Chowdhury Jayanta , Steer Clifford J. , Sahin Behnan M. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
We recently reported the isolation and characterization of a novel population of progenitor cells called liver-derived progenitor cells (LDPCs), which could differentiate into functional hepatocytes in vitro. However, our original studies resulted in relatively low and variable hepatic differentiation efficiency without validation of in vivo potential of LDPCs. Here, we report an efficient and robust hepatic differentiation of LDPCs under well-defined culture conditions and in vivo differentiation of LDPCs to mature hepatocytes. In addition to morphological studies, we performed reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and microRNA analyses of the in vitro hepatic differentiation of LDPCs to substantiate the efficiency of the differentiation process. The histological studies on the differentiated LDPCs showed that more than 50% of the cells were positive for albumin, cytokeratin 18, and hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α and contained glycogen particles, all consistent with differentiation to functional hepatocytes. We also demonstrated by RT-PCR that upon differentiation, they expressed several markers found in mature hepatocytes and the microRNA profile of LDPCs became similar to the profile of fresh hepatocytes, confirming our morphological findings. Finally, the transplantation of LDPCs in a dipeptidyl peptidase IV-deficient (DPPIV−/−) rat model showed that LDPCs were able to engraft and form mature hepatocytes in the livers of the DPPIV−/− rats. In summary, LDPCs are a unique population of liver progenitor cells capable of hepatic differentiation both in vitro and in vivo, which makes them a potentially valuable resource for important applications such as pharmacological studies and cell therapies for a variety of liver disorders. Liver Transpl 16:1086-1097, 2010. © 2010 AASLD.
Uncertainty quantification models for micro‐scale squeeze‐film damping
Authors: Guo Xiaohui , Li Jia , Xiu Dongbin , Alexeenko Alina 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTwo squeeze‐film gas damping models are proposed to quantify uncertainties associated with the gap size and the ambient pressure. Modeling of gas damping has become a subject of increased interest in recent years due to its importance in micro‐electro‐mechanical systems (MEMS). In addition to the need for gas damping models for design of MEMS with movable micro‐structures, knowledge of parameter dependence in gas damping contributes to the understanding of device‐level reliability. In this work, two damping models quantifying the uncertainty in parameters are generated based on rarefied flow simulations. One is a generalized polynomial chaos (gPC) model, which is a general strategy for uncertainty quantification, and the other is a compact model developed specifically for this problem in an early work. Convergence and statistical analysis have been conducted to verify both models. By taking the gap size and ambient pressure as random fields with known probability distribution functions (PDF), the output PDF for the damping coefficient can be obtained. The first four central moments are used in comparisons of the resulting non‐parametric distributions. A good agreement has been found, within 1%, for the relative difference for damping coefficient mean values. In study of geometric uncertainty, it is found that the average damping coefficient can deviate up to 13% from the damping coefficient corresponding to the average gap size. The difference is significant at the nonlinear region where the flow is in slip or transitional rarefied regimes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Weak, anisotropic symmetric formulations of Biot's equations for vibro‐acoustic modelling of porous elastic materials
Authors: Hörlin Nils‐Erik , Göransson Peter 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this paper a fully anisotropic symmetric weak formulation of Biot's equations for vibro‐acoustic modelling of porous elastic materials in the frequency domain is proposed. Starting from Biot's equations in their anisotropic form, a mixed displacement–pressure formulation is discussed in terms of Cartesian tensors. The anisotropic equation parameters appearing in the differential equations are derived from material parameters which are possible to determine through experimental testing or micro‐structural simulations of the fluid and the porous skeleton. Solutions are obtained by applying the finite element method to the proposed weak form and the results are verified against a weak displacement‐based formulation for a foam and plate combination. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship between bonding and bridging social capital among Christian denominations across Australia
Authors: Leonard Rosemary , Bellamy John 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis article is an intricate empirical examination of the relationship between bridging and bonding with respect to subcultural differences in religious denomination and faith orientation. The respondents were 2,710 Christian church attendees from nineteen denominations across Australia. They were surveyed with a closed‐answer questionnaire covering the topics of faith, demographics, involvement in the congregation, and involvement in the wider community. The results revealed a positive relationship between bonding and bridging social capital, with a high level of bonding associated with a high level of bridging for all denominations and faith identities. There was no evidence that high bonding within the congregation restricted bridging beyond the congregation. The results support the notion that the relationship between bonding and bridging may vary with societal subcultures.
Treatment results for patients with localized, completely resected (Group I) alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma on Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group (IRSG) protocols III and IV, 1984–1997: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Raney R. Beverly , Anderson James R. , Brown Kenneth L.B. , Huh Winston W. , Maurer Harold M. , Meyer William H. , Parham David M. , Rodeberg David A. , Wolden Suzanne L. , Donaldson Sarah S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPurposeTo assess local control, event‐free survival (EFS), and overall survival (OS) rates in 71 patients with localized, completely resected (Group I) alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ALV RMS) and their relation to radiation therapy (RT) on IRSG Protocols III and IV, 1984–1997.MethodsChart review and standard statistical procedures.Patients and TumorsPatients were 1–18 years at diagnosis (median, 6 years). Primary tumor sites were extremity/trunk (N = 54), head/neck (N = 9), genitourinary tract (N = 7), and perineum (N = 1). Thirty patients received VA ± C with RT; 41 received VA ± C alone. RT was assigned, not randomized.ResultsFifty‐four patients had Stage 1 (favorable site, any size) or Stage 2 (unfavorable site, ≤5 cm) tumors. Eight‐year EFS was 90%, with 100% local control for 17 patients given RT. Eight‐year EFS was 88%, with 92% local control for 37 patients without RT; P = 0.52 for EFS comparisons, 0.3 for local control comparisons. In 17 Stage 3 patients (unfavorable site, tumors >5 cm, N0), 8‐year EFS was 84% with 100% local control in 13 patients given RT; 8‐year EFS was only 25% and local control 50% in 4 patients without RT. Local recurrence was the most common site of first failure in non‐irradiated patients.ConclusionPatients with Stage 1–2 ALV RMS had slightly but statistically insignificantly improved local control, EFS, and OS rates when local RT was given. The need for local RT in Stage 1–2 patients deserves evaluation in a randomized study. Local control, EFS, and OS rates were significantly improved in Stage 3 patients receiving local RT. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:612–616. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morbidity of pandemic H1N1 influenza in children with cancer
Authors: Caselli Désirée , Carraro Francesca , Castagnola Elio , Ziino Ottavio , Frenos Stefano , Milano Giuseppe Maria , Livadiotti Susanna , Cesaro Simone , Marra Nicoletta , Zanazzo Giulio , Meazza Cristina , Cellini Monica , Aricò Maurizio 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundTo define the mortality and the current impact of the H1N1 pandemic in pediatric hematology‐oncology centers, we performed a specific survey.ProcedurePharyngeal swabs from patients with fevers of unknown origin, flu‐like symptoms or bronchopneumonia were screened for H1N1 using PCR.ResultsSixty‐two patients with documented H1N1 infection were reported: 16 had recently stopped therapy, 2 were at the diagnosis stage, and 44 were receiving therapy. The clinical course was severe (requiring ICU admission) in only 1 patient, moderate (requiring hospital admission) in 38, and mild in the remaining 23 (37%), treated as outpatients. While none of the patients died of H1N1‐related complications, two patients died of progressive cancer; in all of the remaining cases, symptoms resolved within 11 days. The clinical course was complicated by respiratory distress or bronchopneumonia in 10 cases. Oseltamivir was given to 82% of patients. Chemotherapy was temporarily withdrawn in 54% of cases for a median time of 21 days (range, 4–43 days).ConclusionH1N1 infection in children with cancer was not reported as the cause of death in any case but resulted in reduced intensity of anti‐cancer therapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:226–228. © 2010 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
A community‐based approach to cancer counselling for patients and carers: a preliminary study
Authors: Hutchison Sandy D. , Sargeant Hilary , Morris Bronwyn A. , Hawkes Anna Louise , Clutton Samantha , Chambers Suzanne K. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjective: The delivery of psychological care services to people with cancer and their carers is a key clinical priority that has yet to be broadly implemented. The present study aimed to provide guidance for service provision by describing a community‐based intervention approach; outlining the characteristics, psychological concerns, and distress outcomes for people who utilise the service.Methods: Over a 3‐year period 681 patients and 520 significant others referred from a community‐based Cancer Helpline received tele‐based psychosocial interventions.Results: In this case series presenting problems varied between patients and significant others, with significant others reporting higher levels of distress (p<0.001). Both patients and significant others experienced decreases in distress over the period of the intervention (p<0.001).Conclusions: This study provides level IV evidence that the tele‐based intervention for cancer‐related distress is an effective approach to service delivery. A randomised control trial is currently underway to assess the effectiveness of this approach. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coupling surfactants/cosolvents with oxidants for enhanced DNAPL removal: A review
Authors: Dugan Pamela J. , Siegrist Robert L. , Crimi Michelle L. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSurfactants and cosolvents are useful for enhancing the apparent solubility of dense nonaqueous‐phase liquid (DNAPL) compounds during surfactant‐enhanced aquifer remediation (SEAR). In situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) with permanganate, persulfate, and catalyzed hydrogen peroxide has proven to be a cost‐effective and viable remediation technology for the treatment of a wide range of organic contaminants. Coupling compatible remedial technologies either concurrently or sequentially in a treatment train is an emerging concept for more effective cleanup of DNAPL‐contaminated sites. Surfactants are effective for DNAPL mass removal but not useful for dissolved plume treatment. ISCO is effective for plume control and treatment but can be less effective in areas where large masses of DNAPL are present. Therefore, coupling SEAR with ISCO is a logical next step for source‐zone treatment. This article provides a critical review of peer‐reviewed scientific literature, nonreviewed professional journals, and conference proceedings where surfactants/cosolvents and oxidants have been utilized, either concurrently or sequentially, for DNAPL mass removal. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Natural and anthropogenic arsenic in soil in the Boston Basin
Authors: Swanson William R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractNaturally occurring and anthropogenic arsenic concentrations in soils, in conjunction with the current knowledge of its potential risk to human health, demonstrate a critical environmental and public health issue. These widespread arsenic concentrations potentially affect large human populations. There are locations worldwide where naturally occurring arsenic is considered to be and documented as a potential human health risk through the use of established risk assessment calculation approaches or as demonstrated by clearly measurable health or agricultural effects. This natural arsenic, exposed due to human activity and coupled with anthropogenic contributions, may be the number‐one soil contact environmental health issue in the world. Considering the relatively high natural arsenic concentrations in some New England locations, and with the advantage of access to a large soil arsenic database, this issue has been addressed as described herein for the Boston Basin and related areas. The article provides a summary of some large natural and anthropogenic arsenic data sets with comparison between them and a derivation of the natural and anthropogenic components in the Boston Basin. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fluorescent dye tracing for defining chlorinated ethene plume remediation targets
Authors: Klingel Eric J. , Shiflet Jason E. , Aley Tom 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThree fluorescent dye traces were designed by Zapata Incorporated at a large portion of Tinker Air Force Base (AFB) near Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, to replicate the migration of chlorinated ethene plumes from two target source areas and determine if commingling of those plumes has occurred. The target source areas are spatially separated, contributed contaminants into two aquifers, and were to be remediated from two different financial mechanisms. The nature of the shared fiscal responsibility for remediation of the commingled plumes was unclear.Background sampling was performed to verify that the preferred conservative dyes planned for use were suitable for the site. The fluorescent dyes used were fluorescein and eosine. Eosine dye was introduced into two wells in the upper saturated zone (USZ) under Building 3001 in July 2008. Fluorescein dye was introduced into four monitoring wells screened in the lower saturated zone (LSZ) and the lower lower saturated zone (LLSZ) in July 2008 at the industrial wastewater treatment plant. Zapata then conducted a second dye trace using fluorescein dye in a third USZ well to confirm the results of the eosine dye trace in the USZ under Building 3001. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Making risk assessments more comparable and repeatable
Authors: Hall David C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMany of the objections to implementing Risk Management and acting upon risk results hinge on the subjectivity of the risk assessment system. This subjectivity makes it difficult to make risk assessments justifiable, repeatable, and comparable over an entire project, program, or organization. One cannot easily justify assigning a 30% likelihood to a risk occurring when others with more, the same, or less experience are ascribing a 60% likelihood of occurrence to a similar risk. How to get all (or most) risk assessments, regardless of type (software, hardware, integration, programmatic, external, etc.), justifiable, repeatable, and comparable has been one of the holy grails of Risk Management for years. The methodology outlined in this paper meets at least some of this requirement. The methodology requires incorporating the Likelihood of Occurrence into a set of specifically defined sublevels under each risk category rather than using it as a separate multiplication factor. Basically, the assumption behind this methodology is that the more mature the process, the more experience available, the more detailed the design, etc., the lower the likelihood of occurrence of a specific risk becomes. Making this assumption, incorporating the likelihood into each specific sublevel and requiring justification for each choice then allows the establishment of more representative scores for project risks and allows risk information to be presented in a justifiable, repeatable, and comparable fashion. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 14: 173–179, 2011
The high‐osmolarity glycerol (HOG) and cell wall integrity (CWI) signalling pathways interplay: a yeast dialogue between MAPK routes
Authors: Rodríguez‐Peña Jose Manuel , García Raúl , Nombela César , Arroyo Javier 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTwo mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, viz. the high‐osmolarity glycerol (HOG) and the cell wall integrity (CWI) pathways, regulate stress responses in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Whereas the former is mainly involved in adaptation of yeast cells to hyperosmotic stress, the latter is activated under conditions leading to cell wall instability. Although MAPK signalling specificity can be conceived as requiring insulation of the different pathways, it is also becoming clear that the two pathways do not compete with each other but can be positively coordinated to regulate many stress responses. This review highlights our current knowledge about the collaboration between these two MAPK pathways to counteract different kinds of environmental stress. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in the Composition of the Homeless Population: 1992–2002
Authors: Israel Nathaniel , Toro Paul A. , Ouellette Nicole 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis study examines changes in the characteristics of the homeless population before and after a period of extended economic expansion (1992–2002). Data from other sources suggest that, during this 10‐year period, the size of the overall population of homeless persons may have declined slightly, though not significantly, both in the city studied and nationally. In‐depth surveys of representative samples of homeless adults (N = 249 in 1992–94; N = 220 in 2000–2002) revealed significant differences in the composition of the homeless population across the time period, consistent with queuing theory. Persons experiencing homelessness after the expansion appeared to be a more “chronic,” less readily employable population than those interviewed at the start of the expansion: Those interviewed after were older, spent more time living on the streets, had more health symptoms, were more likely to have a diagnosis of schizophrenia, and had more restricted social networks and social support. Policy, research, and service provision implications of the findings are discussed.
Exploring the relationship between caregiving and health: Perceptions among orphaned and non‐orphaned adolescents in Tanzania
Authors: Mmari Kristin 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTThe objectives of this study were to (1) explore the nature of caregiving for orphaned and non‐orphaned adolescents; and (2), examine how changes in the caretaking roles, as a result of a parental loss, impact on an orphan's sexual behaviors. A total of 52 in‐depth interviews and 11 focus group discussions (n = 83) were conducted among adolescent orphans and non‐orphans, as well as among 17 caregivers of orphans in Tanzania. Findings revealed three important caregiving roles that contributed to adolescent health: the provision of basic needs, advising and monitoring adolescent behaviors, and assigning household chores. Adolescent participants believed that when these roles are compromised, female orphans' sexual behaviors are impacted. Consequently, they are perceived to be at greatest risk for HIV. Comprehensive programs are needed for orphans to ensure their basic needs are being met, and to assist caregivers find extra support to carry out their caregiving responsibilities.
Investigating adolescent stress and body image
Authors: Murray Kristen M. , Byrne Don G. , Rieger Elizabeth 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTAdolescent stress is clearly implicated in the development of mental health problems. However, its role in dysfunctional body image, which rises markedly in adolescence, has not been investigated. The present study examined the link between stress and body image, as well as self‐esteem and depressive symptoms, in 533 high school students in grades 7 to 10. Results indicated that stress accounts for a sizeable proportion of variance in body image, and the best exploratory model included stress, self‐esteem, and gender. Further, specific domains of stressors related to body image differently: peer pressure and school attendance were significant correlates of body image in both genders, while future uncertainty and romantic relationships were significant for males alone. Grade differences in primary variables were also evident for females. This study helps to elucidate the role of adolescent stress in dysfunctional body image and provides insight for future prevention and intervention programs in schools.