bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
S01-02 - Faster and Safer Antidepressant-like Response Induced by Pharmacological Blockade of 5-HT7 Receptors
Authors: Haddjeri N. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesIn term of efficacy and onset of action, current antidepressant drugs still suffer from important drawbacks. Hence, we recently assessed whether the pharmacological blockade of serotonin 7 receptors [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT7) receptors] can produce a faster and safer antidepressant response than fluoxetine (Prozac®), the most prescribed antidepressant.Methods and resultsIn rats, we showed that SB-269970, a selective 5-HT7 receptor antagonist, exerts an effective antidepressant-like effect as assessed in the forced swim test. Moreover, we revealed in vivo that 5-HT7 receptors negatively regulate the firing activity of dorsal raphe 5-HT neurons and become desensitised after a chronic treatment with fluoxetine. In contrast to fluoxetine, a one-week treatment with SB-269970 did not decrease 5-HT neuronal firing activity but desensitized 5-HT autoreceptors, enhanced the hippocampal cellular proliferation rate and counteracted the anxious/depressive-like behaviour that present the olfactory bulbectomized rat model. Finally, early life treatment with fluoxetine, but not with SB-269970, induced anxious/depressive-like behaviours in adulthood.ConclusionsThese results indicated that the 5-HT7 receptor participates in both mood regulation and the antidepressant effect of SSRIs, and that 5-HT7 receptor antagonists may represent a new class of antidepressant drugs with safer and faster therapeutic action.
S04-04 - The teaching of the behavioural sciences and psychiatry in Malta
Authors: Cassar D. , Sullivan C. , Cassar J. , Felice E. , Grech A. , Muscat P. 
Published: June 2010

The development of the medical student is not based solely on the acquisition of knowledge but also on development of skills and appropriate attitude. This requires ability to communicate effectively with patients and colleagues, sensitivity to patient needs, and the capability to influence patients to take the appropriate decisions and maintain behaviour change.Recent years have seen marked changes in medical school curricula to support this and greater emphasis has also been made post Shipman.The Faculty of Medicine and Surgery of the University of Malta has moved strongly in this direction. The Department of Psychiatry has led this and developed new courses, longitudinally throughout the curriculum.The course in Behavioural Sciences was developed with emphasis on student-centred learning in small groups. It focuses on interpersonal communication, teamwork, reflective experience, holistic and patient-centred care, personal development and avoidance of burn out.A vertical course in Psychology and Sociology in Relation to Health Care has also been introduced and the Course in Psychiatry has been redeveloped in accordance with recommendations of the World Federation of Medical Education and the World Psychiatric Association.These new developments in the curriculum are described and explored.
W02-02 - Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe (SEYLE): a European Project for Mental Health Promotion Among European Adolescents
Authors: Carli V. , Wasserman C. , Hoven C. , Sarchiapone M. , Wasserman D. ,   The SEYLE Consortium
Published: June 2010

SAYLE is a health promoting programme, funded by the EU Commission for adolescents in European schools. Its main objectives are to lead adolescents to better health through decreased risk taking and suicidal behaviours, to evaluate outcomes of different preventive programmes and to recommend effective culturally adjusted models for promoting health of adolescents in different European countries. It is developed by a consortium of 12 countries: Austria; Estonia; France; Germany; Ireland; Hungary; Italy; Israel; Romania; Slovenia; Spain and Sweden (coordinating centre). In this health promotion programme, an intervention study will be implemented to assess the effects of three different health promoting/suicide preventing programmes in comparison with control groups in 11,000 students across 12 European countries. The three interventions are:1.A general health promotion programme targeting students awareness on healthy/unhealthy behaviors and students self-efficacy in diminishing unhealthy behaviors;2.TeenScreen - screening by professionals of at-risk students through a questionnaire. For adolescents identified as high risk, the program includes individual assessment and referral to mental health treatment and measures ensuring compliance;3.QPR (Question, Persuade & Refer) - a gatekeeper's program, training all adult staff at schools (teachers, counselors, nurses etc) and parents on how to recognize and refer a student with risk-taking behaviours or those suffering from mental illness to mental-health help resources.
W04-02 - Differential Diagnosis of Catatonic Psychoses
Authors: Pfuhlmann B. 
Published: June 2010

Originally considered by Kahlbaum to be an independent disease entity characterized by mental and motor abnormalities, catatonia was later viewed as a subtype of schizophrenia as it is the case in current classifications like ICD-10 and DSM-IV. Since catatonic symptoms were observable not only in schizophrenic psychoses, but also in affective, somatic or even psychogenic disorders, many researchers today consider catatonia as a nosologically unspecific syndrome. In the end, the traditional conceptions did not succeed in defining catatonia as a clinically homogeneous and valid diagnosis.An independent conception of catatonia was elaborated by the Wernicke-Kleist-Leonhard school of psychiatry. Based on a precise differentiation of diagnostically specific qualitative psychomotor disturbances, two essentially distinct forms of catatonic psychoses have been separated which differ in symptomatology, prognosis and treatment: on the one hand periodic catatonia, and on the other hand the group of systematic catatonias.Periodic catatonia usually has an acute onset, shows a bipolar and polymorphous symptomatology and runs an intermittent course. After one or more acute attacks, adynamic residual states of varying degrees of severity develop. Hyperkinetic and akinetic distortions of psychomotor activity are characteristically intermingled in attacks and residual states.In contrast, systematic catatonias begin insidiously, run a chronically progredient course without remissions and develop clear-cut and stable residual states. Six subtypes can be distinguished, each of which is characterized by a specific symptom constellation.
W04-03 - Prevalence of Catatonia in Psychoses
Authors: van der Heijden F.M.M.A. , Verhoeven W.M.A. 
Published: June 2010

AimsThe prevalence of the diagnosis of catatonic schizophrenia has decreased considerably over the last decades. The aim is to establish whether or not the perceived decline of catatonic schizophrenia is real or merely the result of underrecognition due to external factors.MethodsReviews of the literature on the epidemiology of catatonic schizophrenia can be divided into cross-sectional studies and data about change over time in one particular hospital.ResultsThe frequency of the diagnosis catatonic schizophrenia in a large sample of admitted psychiatric patients (n=19309) in The Netherlands dropped from nearly 8 percent in 1980-1989 to about 1 percent in 1990-2001.Although a significant decrease of catatonic schizophrenia has been demonstrated, incidences and rates of decline vary a lot across investigations. Several explanations for this decline have been put forward. Changes in the diagnostic criteria and the diagnostic procedure itself, different populations and treatment options, as well as fluctuations in the frequency of underlying disorders have been considered responsible for this phenomenon.Modern factor analytical studies have demonstrated the presence of the catatonic dimension in about ten percent of newly admitted patients with affective or schizophrenic psychoses.ConclusionsThe prevalence of catatonic schizophrenia is highly dependent on the applied diagnostic procedure. Until it is clear how many relevant symptom clusters and clinical characteristics are involved in catatonia, it is recommended to use catatonia rating scales systematically. Adequate recognition of catatonia is of clinical importance since it entails major pharmacological and other treatment implications and may disclose prognostic cues.
W04-05 - A Retrospective Study of 34 Patients with Catatonia: Clinical Data and Outcome
Authors: Tuerlings J. , van Waarde J. , Verwey B. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveTo describe the data and outcome of patients clinically diagnosed with catatonia. In addition, a discussion is provided on a diagnostic work up protocol and therapeutic guidelines.MethodRetrospective case study on patients hospitalized for severe neuropsychiatric disorders.ResultsOut of a total of 285 patients, treated during one or more episodes with ECT at our inpatient department of psychiatry, twenty seven were diagnosed with catatonia. An additional 7 patients were selected from our catatonia registry (2006-2009). These 34 patients had a total of 40 catatonic episodes. Catatonia was diagnosed in sixteen patients, and lethal catatonia in nine patients, while the remaining nine had a neuroleptic malignant syndrome. A total of 55 additional psychiatric diagnoses were present, and in half of the patients co-morbid somatic disorders were present. ECT resulted in a clinically complete remission in 61% of the patients. Average time (delay) between diagnosis and first treatment (lorazepam), and diagnosis and ECT was respectively 14 days and 60 days while the average duration of admission was 102 days.ConclusionsA case series of 34 catatonic patients admitted to a neuropsychiatry department of a large general hospital revealed a great variety of psychiatric diagnosis and somatic co-morbidity. Such patients require a diagnostic work up and the presence of a specialized psychmed unit together with an instant availability of ECT and an intensive care unit. Treatment was effective in more than half of patients. Time delay between diagnosis and treatment, and duration of hospital stay is discussed.
CS05-02 - The Involvement of Dopamine in Human Sexuality
Authors: Zemishlany Z. 
Published: June 2010

Studies in humans and animals have suggested that the central dopaminergic system is involved in all components of male and female sexual behavior: desire, erection, orgasm and satisfaction. Copulating activity enhances DA release in the nucleus accumbens as measured by microdialysis in male rats. This rise in DA release lasts until ejaculation and then declines during the refractory period.Dopaminergic agonists such as L-dopa, apomorphine, amantadine, bupropion, amphetamines and cocaine have been reported to arouse sexual behavior. Short term use of cocaine and other drugs that increase dopaminergic activity (Marijuana, MDMA) facilitate sexual desire and erection and delay ejaculation. These effects are reversed in chronic abuse when brain DA is depleted.Central dopaminergic blockers, like first generation antipsychotics suppress sexual functioning via the D2 receptors blockade and the corresponding elevation in plasma prolactin levels. Due to their weak antagonistic activity at D2 receptors, second generation antipsychotics are associated with fewer sexual side effects and thus provide an option in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia.Enhancement of dopaminergic activity by the addition of the DA agonists or bupropion, a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor, has been reported as an effective approach in the management of antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction. The significant facilitating role of the DA system on sexual function should not be viewed independently. The dopaminergic system interacts with other systems like gonadal hormones, Nitric Oxide and serotonine in the complex neurobiology of sexual function.
CS05-04 - Reconsidering the Definitions of Sexual Disorders in DSM-V
Authors: Balon R. 
Published: June 2010

The research of neurobiology and treatment of various disorders requires certain degree of homogeneity of the studied entities. In an ideal word, common etiology and/or pathogenesis would help to define homogenous entities. As our understanding of etiology and/or pathogenesis of mental disorders and diseases is lacking, we rely on various diagnostic systems to help us reach some degree of homogeneity.The diagnostic criteria of sexual dysfunction(s) in the DSM-IV are rather vague and imprecise. Interestingly, we are not even clear when a sexual problem becomes a sexual dysfunction. As the new versions of the diagnostic systems (e.g., DSM-V) are being prepared, the classification and definitions of sexual disorders/dysfunctions are being considered.The general classification issues that need to be and are addressed are specific duration of sexual dysfunctions, use of distress s a diagnostic criterion and quantification of severity and frequency. Strengthening and clarifying these three classification issues would probably help in defining more homogenous entities.The broader yet more specific issues to be considered are inclusions of new diagnostic entities (persistent genital arousal disorder in women; adjustment disorder with disturbed sexual functioning; coercive paraphilic disorder), possible removal or reclassification of some sexual dysfunctions (e.g., sexual aversion disorder - remove or reclassify as specific phobia); collapsing some entities into one (dyspareunia and vaginismus into genitor-pelvic pain/penetration disorder) changing the names of some dysfunctions (premature ejaculation to rapid ejaculation); and redefining some dysfunctions (e.g. sexual desire and subjective sexual arousal in women).
CS05-05 - Sex in the Scanner: Neuroimaging Contributions to Understanding the Neurobiology of the Human Sexual Response
Authors: Georgiadis J. 
Published: June 2010

Reigning theories about how the brain governs sexual behavior are the product of experimental investigations and observations in rodents. However, there is a growing appreciation of the fact that these animal models can not account for the sheer complexity of human sexuality. The need for human studies coincides with the exponential growth of the use of medical scanners for the purpose of visualizing human brain activity in vivo. Over the last decade, some 50 of these brain imaging - or neuroimaging - studies have appeared in the field of sexuality research.In this lecture I will give an overview of the contribution neuroimaging has made to knowledge about the sexual brain. These studies cover a large area of human sexuality, including sexual orientation and preference, sexual desire and arousal, genital stimulation and orgasm, as well as sexual dysfunction and paraphilic disorders. Significant progress, relative to animal studies, has been made in understanding the role of the cerebral cortex, the prefrontal cortex in particular. At the end of the lecture, I will touch upon possible future research directions in the field of human neurosexology.
Comorbidity of Pain and Psychoaffective Diseases — an Update
Authors: Sommer Claudia 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectivesTo give an update on current knowledge about the comorbidity of pain and psychoaffective diseasesMethodsLiterature search (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SCOPUS), summary of recent own dataResultsEpidemiological studies report a mean prevalence rate of major depressive disorder in patients with chronic pain assessed in pain clinics of 52%, and a mean prevalence of pain in depressed patients of 65%. Patients with the fibromyalgia syndrome are 4.3 times more likely than healthy control subjects to develop major depressive disorder and 4.7 times more likely to develop an anxiety disorder. The prevalence of anxiety disorders in patients with chronic arthritic pain is elevated relative to the general population (35 vs. 17%). Similar numbers have been reported for migraine and chronic back pain. Many biological factors overlap in patients with depression, chronic pain, and the fibromyalgia syndrome. For example, both patients with depression and patients with chronic pain often have cytokine profiles shifted toware the pro-inflammatory side. The downregulation of the neurotrophic factor brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is another common finding in pain and depression. Common genetic determinants have been described.ConclusionsThere is a high comorbidity between pain, depression, and anxiety. The causative connection between these disorders remains to be elucidated. A common biological basis has been hypothesized.
Coercive Measures in Europe
Authors: Raboch Jiri 
Published: June 2010

Coercive treatment in European inpatient psychiatric facilities remains to be used in daily practice with high variety of its frequency, type and legal background. Use of coercive measures is sometimes sharply criticized by various bodies. It was proclaimed that these procedures are regarded as signaling failures in care. Others are of that opinion, that even if elimination of restraint and seclusion should be a goal, it may be difficult to accomplish it if we endeavor to treat individuals with acute psychosis who have a history of violence and whose recent violent behavior led to hospitalization.In last decade in many countries several programs minimizing use of coercive measure during psychiatric treatment were launched and published to be successful. However, the ideal of avoiding all coercive measures in facilities hospitalizing all acute patients from defined catchment area seems to be an unrealistic goal for the time being. Country socio-cultural traditions as well as treatment habits in individual psychiatric facilities play decisive role in this very sensitive area. Future research projects should identify those factors in legislation and clinical practice that could be specifically relevant for achieving more constructive cooperation of all engaged parties. But even at present time it is necessary to introduce programs and practice guidelines that would rationalize and minimize use of coercive measures in psychiatric facilities. In any case, patient’s rights should be granted and interventions be provided according to the principle of the “least restrictive alternative”.
FC02-03 - Suicide attempt and family-environmental factors in adolescence: advocacy for family centered interventions
Authors: Roustit C. , Chauvin P. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionSuicidal behavior in adolescence is now well documented with regard to biological and psychological traits, family-environmental factors, and clinical management. In despite of this knowledge, few interventions are based on family therapy.ObjectivesTo examine the association between suicide attempt in the adolescent population in Quebec and family constellation with regard to family structure and family functioning adjusted for socio-economic factors.MethodsData: Social and Health Survey of Children and Adolescents in Quebec State performed in 1999 (Institut de la Statistique du Québec, Canada). Subjects: 1186 adolescents aged 13 years and 1160 adolescents aged 16, and their parents. Outcome: suicide attempt during lifetime. Independant variables: family structure, witnessing interparental violence and parental emotional support. Covariates: family socioeconomic background and demographic variables.Statistics: logistic regression analysis.Results81 adolescents reported one suicide attempt or more during lifetime, with a significant risk for girls but this risk was independant of age and ethnicity. The adolescents had a 2.5-fold higher risk of suicide attempt when they live in monoparental household (OR=2.46; 95% CI=[1.37-4.42]), a 3.8-fold higher risk when they witnessed interparental violence (OR=3.76; 95% CI=[2.10-6.74], and a 2 to 6-fold higher risk when parental support is low, particularly paternal support. These associations are not modified by familial socioeconomic status.ConclusionsThese results are concordant with family stress perspective in the un derstanding of suicidal beahvior in adolescents, and this independently of familial socio-economic deprivation. They give arguments for family centered therapy in the panel of interventions in health promotion in adolescence.
FC02-04 - Co-Morbidity and Mortality in Alzheimer's Disease: a Seven Year Follow-Up
Authors: Heun R. , Potluri R. , Natalwala A. , Malik A. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesNeurodegeneration and cognitive deficits may influence the pattern of co-morbid disorders and their possible effects on mortality in late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, subjects with AD have to live long enough to experience and be diagnosed with dementia. We investigated whether the pattern of co-morbidity and its relevance for later death differed between hospitalised AD and elderly controls subjects.MethodsDiseases with a prevalence of more than 1% were compared between 634 hospitalised AD and 72244 control subjects aged above 70 years referred to the University of Birmimgham NHS Trust. Predictors of mortality within the seven year follow-up were identified using regression regression analyses. Confidence intervals of relative risks were used to compare the relevance of risk factors for later mortality between groups.ResultsSubjects with AD suffer more infections, brain diseases and neck of femur fractures than other hospitalised elderly patients. In contrast, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus were less prevalent in AD subjects in comparison with hospitalised controls. Diseases that might contribute to later mortality in AD were pneumonia, ischemic heart disease and gastroenteritis, but there were no significant differences in their impact on mortality compared to other hospitalised elderly control subjects.ConclusionsPatients with Alzheimer's disease have a different pattern of co-morbidity, but die from the same diseases as other hospitalised patients. Infections including pneumonia, and diseases that may occur secondary to neurodegeneration and confusion may need special attention in patients with Alzheimer disease who might not be able to identify or report the early symptoms.
FC02-06 - Gender Differences on the Knowledge Attitude and Beliefs Towards Mental Health Illness in a Very Rapid Developing Society
Authors: Bener A. 
Published: June 2010

AimThe aim of this study was to determine the gender differences in knowledge, attitudes and practices toward Mental Illness in a sample of Qatari and other Arab expatriates residing in the State of Qatar.DesignThis is a cross sectional survey.Setting: Primary Health Care Centers.SubjectsA multistage sampling design was used and a representative sample of 3300 Qatari and other Arab expatriates above 20 years of age were surveyed. Of the study sample of 3300, 2514 subjects (76.2%) expressed their consent.MethodsFace to face interviews were based on this questionnaire that included variables on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude and practice toward mental illness.ResultsOf the study sample, 49.2% were men and 50.8% were women. More women than men believed that mental illness is due to possession by evil spirits (43.5% vs 34.5%; p< 0.001). Also, less than half of the studied women (42.3%) thought traditional healers can treat mental illness. Women were considering people with mental illness as dangerous (58.1%), compared to men (51.5%) (p=0.001). More than women (76.8%), men (82%) were willing to visit a psychiatrist for their emotional problems (p=0.002), while more women (43.7%) preferred a traditional healer (p< 0.001). Women were more afraid to talk to mentally ill (39.5%) than men (28.8%) (p< 0.001). 24.8% of women and 31.1% of men identified schizophrenia as a common mental disorder.ConclusionThe knowledge of women towards mental illness was poor. Most of the women were afraid and not willing to keep friendship with the mentally ill.