bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived risk of cervical cancer among pre-screening age women (18–24 years): the impact of information about cervical cancer risk factors and the causal role of HPV
Authors: Nadarzynski Tomasz , Waller Jo , Robb Kathryn A , Marlow Laura A V 
Published: April 2012

ObjectivesCurrent National Health Service cervical screening information does not explain that the cause of cervical cancer is a sexually transmitted infection (human papillomavirus (HPV)). This study aimed to consider the impact that providing this information, in addition to risk factor information, might have on women's perceived risk of cervical cancer.MethodsFemale students aged 18–24 years (n=606) completed a web-based survey and were randomised to receive (1) control information about cervical cancer; (2) details of the link between HPV and cervical cancer; (3) risk factor information or (4) details about the link with HPV + risk factor information. Risk perceptions for cervical cancer were assessed before and after reading the information.ResultsThere was a significant difference in perceived risk of cervical cancer between the four groups following information exposure (p=0.002). Compared with the control group, risk perceptions were significantly lower among women given risk factor information but not among those informed about HPV. There were significant group by risk factor interactions for smoking status (p<0.001), age of first sex (p=0.018) and number of sexual partners (p<0.001). Risk perceptions were lower among women considered at low risk and given risk factor information, but there was no association between information group and perceived risk for high-risk women.ConclusionsProviding risk factor information appears to reduce cervical cancer risk perceptions, but learning about the aetiological role of HPV appears to have no impact on risk perceptions. Incorporating brief information about HPV as the cause of cervical cancer should be in addition to, rather than in place of, risk factor information.
NUCLEAR STRUCTURE STUDY WITH CORE EXCITATIONS IN Ni REGION: FOR fpg9/2 SPACE
Authors: SRIVASTAVA P. C. 
Published: April 2012

Shell model calculations for Ni, Cu and Zn isotopes by modifying fpg interaction due to Sorlin et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 092501 (2002)] have been reported. In the present work, 28 two-body matrix elements of the earlier interaction have been modified. Present interaction is able to explain new experimental results for this region.
SOFT BREAKING OF BRST SYMMETRY AND GAUGE DEPENDENCE
Authors: LAVROV P. M. , RADCHENKO O. V. , RESHETNYAK A. A. 
Published: April 2012

We continue investigation of soft breaking of BRST symmetry in the Batalin–Vilkovisky (BV) formalism beyond regularizations like dimensional ones used in our previous paper [JHEP 1110, 043 (2011)]. We generalize a definition of soft breaking of BRST symmetry valid for general gauge theories and arbitrary gauge fixing. The gauge dependence of generating functionals of Green's functions is investigated. It is proved that such introduction of a soft breaking of BRST symmetry into gauge theories leads to inconsistency of the conventional BV formalism.
Hypoxia Stabilizes GAS6/Axl Signaling in Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Mishra Anjali , Wang Jingcheng , Shiozawa Yusuke , McGee Samantha , Kim Jinkoo , Jung Younghun , Joseph Jeena , Berry Janice E. , Havens Aaron , Pienta Kenneth J. , Taichman Russell S. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase Axl is overexpressed in a variety of cancers and is known to play a role in proliferation and invasion. Previous data from our laboratory indicate that Axl and its ligand growth arrest–specific 6 (GAS6) may play a role in establishing metastatic dormancy in the bone marrow microenvironment. In the current study, we found that Axl is highly expressed in metastatic prostate cancer cell lines PC3 and DU145 and has negligible levels of expression in a nonmetastatic cancer cell line LNCaP. Knockdown of Axl in PC3 and DU145 cells resulted in decreased expression of several mesenchymal markers including Snail, Slug, and N-cadherin, and enhanced expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin, suggesting that Axl is involved in the epithelial–mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer cells. The Axl-knockdown PC3 and DU145 cells also displayed decreased in vitro migration and invasion. Interestingly, when PC3 and DU145 cells were treated with GAS6, Axl protein levels were downregulated. Moreover, CoCl2, a hypoxia mimicking agent, prevented GAS6-mediated downregulation of Axl in these cell lines. Immunochemical staining of human prostate cancer tissue microarrays showed that Axl, GAS6, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (Hif-1α; indicator of hypoxia) were all coexpressed in prostate cancer and in bone metastases compared with normal tissues. Together, our studies indicate that Axl plays a crucial role in prostate cancer metastasis and that GAS6 regulates the expression of Axl. Importantly, in a hypoxic tumor microenvironment Axl expression is maintained leading to enhanced signaling. Mol Cancer Res; 10(6); 703–12. ©2012 AACR.
Measurements of Enhanced Turbulent Mixing near Highways
Authors: Gordon Mark , Staebler Ralf M. , Liggio John , Makar Paul , Li Shao-Meng , Wentzell Jeremy , Lu Gang , Lee Patrick , Brook Jeffrey R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn August and September of 2010, measurements of turbulent fluxes and turbulent kinetic energy were made on highways in the Toronto area (Ontario, Canada). In situ turbulence measurements were made with a mobile laboratory while driving on the highway with traffic. Results demonstrate that the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) spectrum is significantly enhanced on and near the highway by traffic for frequencies above 0.015 Hz. The decay of TKE with distance behind vehicles is well approximated by power-law curves. The strongest increase in TKE is seen while following heavy-duty trucks, primarily for frequencies above 0.7 Hz. From these results, a parameterization of on-road TKE enhancement is developed that is based on vehicle type and traffic-flow rate. TKE with distance downwind of the highway also decays following a power law. The enhancement of roadside TKE is shown to be strongly dependent on traffic flow. The effect of vehicle-induced turbulence on vertical mixing was studied by comparing parameterized TKE enhancement with the typical TKE predictions from the Global Environmental Multiscale weather forecast to predict the potential increase in vertical diffusion that results from highway traffic. It is demonstrated that this increase in TKE by traffic may be locally significant, especially in the early morning.
Assessing Atmospheric Response to Surface Forcing in the Observations. Part I: Cross Validation of Annual Response Using GEFA, LIM, and FDT
Authors: Liu Zhengyu , Wen Na , Fan Lei 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Three statistic methods [generalized equilibrium feedback analysis (GEFA), linear inverse modeling (LIM), and fluctuation–dissipation theorem (FDT)] are compared for their assessment of the atmospheric response to sea surface temperature variability in the coupled climate system with a sample length comparable with the observations (decades). The comparison is made first in an idealized coupled model and then in the observations. For daily to pentad data, for a linear stochastic system, the simple model study demonstrates that all three methods are able to provide a consistent assessment of the atmospheric response. For monthly data, GEFA is able to produce an assessment comparable with the daily or pentad assessments using the three methods. The consistence of the three methods is further confirmed in the observations for the responses of the atmospheric geopotential height (at 200 hPa) to the tropical ENSO mode and the North Pacific mode. It is found that the three methods produce a consistent response with the overall pattern correlation over 0.95 and the amplitude difference within 10%–20%. The consistent results in both the simple model and the observations suggest that the three statistical methods can be used as a cross validation on the robustness of the assessment of the atmospheric response to surface forcing in the observations.
Climatology and Formation of Tropical Midlevel Clouds at the Darwin ARM Site
Authors: Riihimaki Laura D. , McFarlane Sally A. , Comstock Jennifer M. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
A 4-yr climatology of midlevel clouds is presented from vertically pointing cloud lidar and radar measurements at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) site at Darwin, Australia. Few studies exist of tropical midlevel clouds using a dataset of this length. Seventy percent of clouds with top heights between 4 and 8 km are less than 2 km thick. These thin layer clouds have a peak in cloud-top temperature around the melting level (0°C) and also a second peak around −12.5°C. The diurnal frequency of thin clouds is highest during the night and reaches a minimum around noon, consistent with variation caused by solar heating. Using a 1.5-yr subset of the observations, the authors found that thin clouds have a high probability of containing supercooled liquid water at low temperatures: ~20% of clouds at −30°C, ~50% of clouds at −20°C, and ~65% of clouds at −10°C contain supercooled liquid water. The authors hypothesize that thin midlevel clouds formed at the melting level are formed differently during active and break monsoon periods and test this over three monsoon seasons. A greater frequency of thin midlevel clouds are likely formed by increased condensation following the latent cooling of melting during active monsoon periods when stratiform precipitation is most frequent. This is supported by the high percentage (65%) of midlevel clouds with preceding stratiform precipitation and the high frequency of stable layers slightly warmer than 0°C. In the break monsoon, a distinct peak in the frequency of stable layers at 0°C matches the peak in thin midlevel cloudiness, consistent with detrainment from convection.
Being satisfied at work does affect burnout among psychiatrists: A national follow-up study from New Zealand
Authors: Kumar Shailesh , Sinha Paresha , Dutu Gaelle 
Published: April 2012

Background: Burnout and job satisfaction in psychiatrists has been an area of considerable interest. Longitudinal studies on the subject are lacking, rendering it difficult to establish whether burnout changes with time or whether low job satisfaction may predict high burnout with time in psychiatrists. Aims: This longitudinal study of burnout and job satisfaction in a cohort of New Zealand psychiatrists was conducted to examine if initial scores on the Job Diagnostic Survey (JDS) predicted scores on the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) three years later and vice versa. Methods: Three questionnaires (a socio-demographic questionnaire, the JDS and the MBI) were sent to all registered psychiatrists in 2008, which included all those who had participated in a study three years earlier. Scores on these three questionnaires were compared for those who had participated in both studies. Results: The overall number of psychiatrists reporting a high level of emotional exhaustion (EE) did not change across the two phases. The number of psychiatrists reporting high levels of depersonalization (DP) increased from 31 (13%) to 45 (20.2%); the mean DP score for the cohort significantly increased by 17.5% ( p < .01). Those reporting reduced personal accomplishment (PA) increased from 90 (37.7%) to 98 (43.9%); the mean PA score for the cohort significantly reduced by 14.5% ( p < .001). Low scores on skill variety, task Identity, and feedback of the JDS were significantly correlated with high EE scores three years later, whereas low scores on skill variety were significantly correlated with high scores on DP, and low scores on task significance and feedback were correlated with low scores on PA three years later. Conclusions: Paying attention to aspects of job satisfaction may assist us in developing specific interventions for psychiatrists who may score high on different dimensions of burnout.
Climate change implications for HVAC&R systems for a large library building in Malaysia
Authors: Yau YH 
Published: April 2012

The air conditioning systems play an important role in providing a comfortable and safe environment for occupants as well as a suitable condition to store books in the library via proper control of the indoor conditions. This paper presents the research conducted on the maximum required cooling load based on the climate change scenario in the future for a large building. In order to present the worst-case condition inside the library, the maximum number of heat gain from occupants and electrical devices is considered. For this research, the main library of University of Malaya is selected for data collection, analysis and simulation. The existing air conditioning systems are modelled via TRNSYS software as a baseline model. Three sets of future Typical Meteorological Year (TMY2) data files for Kuala Lumpur are developed in the UK to be used for simulation in the TRNSYS to analyse the maximum required cooling load for two sections of the main library building. Based on the comparison of the result in the year 2000, it can be estimated that the required cooling load for years 2020 and 2050 is estimated to be increased from 4.1% to 4.8% and 10% to 11.8%, respectively. Practical application: The good amount of technical information of real application conducted on the required maximum cooling load in a large building for years 2020 and 2050 is estimated to increase from 4.1% to 4.8% and 10% to 11.8% respectively in the tropics could be used as an important guide for building services engineers and researchers who are intending to optimise HVAC&R system design in large buildings operating in tropical countries in the future.
Effect of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery on Pulmonary Status of Adults with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Kempainen Robert R. , Sajan Javad A. , Pylkas Anne M. , Dunitz Jordan M. , Rimell Frank L. , Milla Carlos E. 
Published: April 2012

ObjectiveFunctional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) provides symptomatic relief of sinus disease in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), but it is unclear whether it has beneficial effects on lung disease in this population. This study assessed the effect of FESS on the respiratory status of adult patients with CF.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingTertiary medical center.SubjectsThirty‐two adult patients with CF who underwent 45 operative cases.MethodsClinical information retrieved for the 12‐month periods preceding and following to determine the effect of FESS on the rate of decline in lung function, as well as intravenous antibiotic use and hospitalization for pulmonary exacerbation.ResultsThe rate of decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity was not significantly different in the 12 months before and after FESS. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery did not reduce days hospitalized or days on intravenous antibiotics for a respiratory exacerbation in the pre‐ vs postoperative period. Limiting the analysis to the 30 surgeries that were performed in patients with concomitant respiratory symptoms (ie, excluding the 15 surgeries performed for sinus symptoms alone) did not significantly alter the results. Covariates of importance in CF, including CFTR genotype, gender, or microbiology, did not affect the study results.ConclusionThese results did not demonstrate an effect of FESS on progression of lung disease in patients with CF, but further research is needed because low statistical power has made some of the negative findings inconclusive.
Paediatric acquired demyelinating syndromes: incidence, clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features
Authors: Absoud Michael , Lim Ming J , Chong Wui K , De Goede Christian G , Foster Katharine , Gunny Roxana , Hemingway Cheryl , Jardine Philip E , Kneen Rachel , Likeman Marcus , Nischal Ken K , Pike Michael G , Sibtain Naomi A , Whitehouse William P , Cummins Carole , Wassmer Evangeline ,   The UK and Ireland Childhood CNS Inflammatory Demyelination Working Group
Published: April 2012

Objective: Changing trends in multiple sclerosis (MS) epidemiology may first be apparent in the childhood population affected with first onset acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADSs). We aimed to determine the incidence, clinical, investigative and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of childhood central nervous system ADSs in the British Isles for the first time. Methods: We conducted a population active surveillance study. All paediatricians, and ophthalmologists ( n = 4095) were sent monthly reporting cards (September 2009–September 2010). International Paediatric MS Study Group 2007 definitions and McDonald 2010 MS imaging criteria were used for acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO). Clinicians completed a standard questionnaire and provided an MRI copy for review. Results: Card return rates were 90%, with information available for 200/222 positive notifications (90%). After exclusion of cases, 125 remained (age range 1.3–15.9), with CIS in 66.4%, ADEM in 32.0% and NMO in 1.6%. The female-to-male ratio in children older than 10 years ( n = 63) was 1.52:1 ( p = 0.045). The incidence of first onset ADS in children aged 1–15 years old was 9.83 per million children per year (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.18–11.71). A trend towards higher incidence rates of ADS in children of South Asian and Black ethnicity was observed compared with White children. Importantly, a number of MRI characteristics distinguished ADEM from CIS cases. Of CIS cases with contrast imaging, 26% fulfilled McDonald 2010 MS diagnostic criteria. Conclusions: We report the highest surveillance incidence rates of childhood ADS. Paediatric MS diagnosis at first ADS presentation has implications for clinical practice and clinical trial design.
SOCS1 cooperates with FLT3-ITD in the development of myeloproliferative disease by promoting the escape from external cytokine control
Authors: Reddy Pavankumar N. G. , Sargin Bülent , Choudhary Chunaram , Stein Stefan , Grez Manuel , Müller-Tidow Carsten , Berdel Wolfgang E. , Serve Hubert , Brandts Christian H. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Activating mutations in the receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3 are frequently found in acute myelogenous leukemia patients and confer poor clinical prognosis. It is unclear how leukemic blasts escape cytokine control that regulates normal hematopoiesis. We have recently demonstrated that FLT3-internal tandem duplication (ITD), when localized to the biosynthetic compartment, aberrantly activates STAT5. Here, we show that one of the target genes induced by STAT5 is suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)1—a surprising finding for a known tumor suppressor. Although SOCS1 expression in murine bone marrow severely impaired cytokine-induced colony growth, it failed to inhibit FLT3-ITD–supported colony growth, indicating resistance of FLT3-ITD to SOCS1. In addition, SOCS1 coexpression did not affect FLT3-ITD–mediated signaling or proliferation. Importantly, SOCS1 coexpression inhibited interferon-α and interferon-γ signaling and protected FLT3-ITD hematopoietic cells from interferon-mediated growth inhibitory effects. In a murine bone marrow transplantation model, the coexpression of SOCS1 and FLT3-ITD significantly shortened the latency of a myeloproliferative disease compared with FLT3-ITD alone (P < .01). Mechanistically, SOCS proteins shield FLT3-ITD from external cytokine control, thereby promoting leukemogenesis. The data demonstrate that SOCS1 acts as a conditional oncogene, providing novel molecular insights into cytokine resistance in oncogenic transformation. Restoring cytokine control may provide a new way of therapeutic intervention.
Agrin is required for survival and function of monocytic cells
Authors: Mazzon Cristina , Anselmo Achille , Soldani Cristiana , Cibella Javier , Ploia Cristina , Moalli Federica , Burden Steven J. , Dustin Michael L. , Sarukhan Adelaida , Viola Antonella 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAgrin, an extracellular matrix protein belonging to the heterogeneous family of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), is expressed by cells of the hematopoietic system but its role in leukocyte biology is not yet clear. Here we demonstrate that agrin has a crucial, nonredundant role in myeloid cell development and functions. We have identified lineage-specific alterations that affect maturation, survival and properties of agrin-deficient monocytic cells, and occur at stages later than stem cell precursors. Our data indicate that the cell-autonomous signals delivered by agrin are sensed by macrophages through the α-DC (DG) receptor and lead to the activation of signaling pathways resulting in rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton during the phagocytic synapse formation and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (Erk 1/2). Altogether, these data identify agrin as a novel player of innate immunity.
Multiscale prediction of patient-specific platelet function under flow
Authors: Flamm Matthew H. , Colace Thomas V. , Chatterjee Manash S. , Jing Huiyan , Zhou Songtao , Jaeger Daniel , Brass Lawrence F. , Sinno Talid , Diamond Scott L. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
During thrombotic or hemostatic episodes, platelets bind collagen and release ADP and thromboxane A2, recruiting additional platelets to a growing deposit that distorts the flow field. Prediction of clotting function under hemodynamic conditions for a patient's platelet phenotype remains a challenge. A platelet signaling phenotype was obtained for 3 healthy donors using pairwise agonist scanning, in which calcium dye–loaded platelets were exposed to pairwise combinations of ADP, U46619, and convulxin to activate the P2Y1/P2Y12, TP, and GPVI receptors, respectively, with and without the prostacyclin receptor agonist iloprost. A neural network model was trained on each donor's pairwise agonist scanning experiment and then embedded into a multiscale Monte Carlo simulation of donor-specific platelet deposition under flow. The simulations were compared directly with microfluidic experiments of whole blood flowing over collagen at 200 and 1000/s wall shear rate. The simulations predicted the ranked order of drug sensitivity for indomethacin, aspirin, MRS-2179 (a P2Y1 inhibitor), and iloprost. Consistent with measurement and simulation, one donor displayed larger clots and another presented with indomethacin resistance (revealing a novel heterozygote TP-V241G mutation). In silico representations of a subject's platelet phenotype allowed prediction of blood function under flow, essential for identifying patient-specific risks, drug responses, and novel genotypes.