bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retention behaviour of carboxylic acid methyl esters in supercritical fluid chromatography
Authors: Shen Yu‐Feng , Wang Qing‐Hai , Zhu Dao‐Qian , Zhou Liang‐Mo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe study on retention behavior in supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) is necessary to understand the mechanism of the various interactions in SFC. The retention of SFC in carboxylic acid methyl ester/polymethylsiloxane/CO2 system was studied systematically and the retention behavior of this kind of compounds under various typical operation conditions was described using the method of an alternative unified theory of chromatographic retention. The results illustrated that expression: Ink = a + b/T + cp + dp/T + ep2/T can be used to describe quantitatively the retention behavior of carboxylic acid methyl ester/polymethylsiloxane/CO2 system in the ranges of reduced density from 0.549 to 1.411. It was also found that the entropy of solute in stationary phase is dependent on the density of supercritical fluid (SF) under typical operating conditions of SFC.
A novel synthetic use of 2‐bromo‐1‐methylpyridinium iodide for macrolactamization
Authors: Bai Dong‐Lu , Bo Yun‐Xin , Zhou Qi‐Ting 
Published: September 2010

AbstractUsing 2‐bromo‐1‐methylpyridimium iodide aa carbaxyl activating agent, 10 ansamacrolactams were prepared conveniently from the corresponding seco‐precursor ω‐aminoacids in the yields of 78–92%.
Electronic characteristics of sandwich‐type lanthanide octaethylporphyrins
Authors: Jiang Jian‐Zhuang , Machida Ken‐Ichi , Yamamoto Eiji , Adachi Gin‐Ya 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe electronic behavior of sandwich‐type rare earth octaethylporphyrinates Ln(oep)2 and Ln2(oep)3 (Ln=Ce, Pr and Eu) was characterized by measurements of the UV‐vis or near infrared spectra and D.C. conductivity. However, the conductivity values measured at room temperature were distributed in an order of 10−7 to 10−8 S·cm−1 even after the partial oxidation of complex with the complexes with iodine and no remarkable change was observed among the complexes such as LnIV(Por2‐)2 (Ln=Ce) and LnIV(Por2‐)(Por.−) (Ln=Ce) or Ln2III(Por2‐)3 and Ln2III(Por2‐)2(Por.−).
Closed and endoreversible chemical oscillation
Authors: Li Ru‐Sheng 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBased on a simple nonideal chemical reaction model, the closed system with reversible nonideal reactions and illumination is shown to be able to exhibit sustained oscillation. The essential points in the occurrence of such oscillations are the nonideality of reacting media, which gives rise to multiple chemical equilibria, and the energy flow through illumination and heat conduction, which gives rise to spontaneous transitions repeatedly between the multiple equilibrium states. During the oscillation, reacting media undergo only reversible chemical transformation and all irreversibilities are restricted to the coupling of the system to external world. This oscillation provides an example of the so‐called endoreversible machine and a possible way to convert radiation energy of the light directly into mechanical energy.
Ship‐in‐bottle formation of Ru3(CO)12 in NaY zeolite
Authors: Xiao Feng‐Shou , Xu Ru‐Ren , He Ya‐Nan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNaY zeolite entrapped Ru3(CO)12 cluster has been synthesized from RuCl3 ion‐exchanged NaY, which is well characterized by IR and Raman spectroscopies and CO chemisorption. When the Ru3+/NaY sample is heated from 298 K to 393 K for 25 h and for 10 h at 393 K, the sample colour changes from dark to brown‐yellow. The in situ infrared spectrum exhibits absorption bands at 2130, 2064, 2040, 2017, 1990, 1953 and 1925 cm−1. The bands at 2130 cm−1 arises from the Rumn+(CO)l m=1–3; n = 1–3; l = 1–12). The bands at 2064, 2040, 2017 and 1990 cm−1 are proposed to be associated with the Ru3(CO)12/NaY, which are close to Ru3(CO)12 crystalline. Furthermore, the Raman results provide bands at 150 and 185 cm−1, which can be attributed to Ru—Ru bonds of the sample as in the case of Ru3(CO)12 crystalline, for which the A'1 Ru—Ru stretching mode is assigned to 185 cm−1 and E'1 Ru—Ru stretching mode is assigned to a band at 150 cm−1, respectively. CO chemisorption of [Ru3]/NaY gives a CO/Ru ratio of 3.85, which is similar to the stoichiometry of Ru3(CO)12.
Live retention database for identification of compounds in capillary gas chromatographic analysis—Principle and structure
Authors: Guan Ya‐Feng , Zhou Liang‐Mo , Li Ling‐E 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA live retention database for compound identification in isothermal and any step temperature programmed capillary gas chromatography has been developed. The database utilizes the Kovats retention indices of compounds on a given stationary phase and the retention time of n‐alkanes measured at isothermal conditions on the column to be used, together with the programming parameters. Identification is performed by search operation that compares the calculated results with the retention values of unknown peaks. Cross‐reference of the search results of different operating conditions is performed automatically by the database in order to increase the reliability of the identification. The error of the database conversion is ≤ ± 0.5 index unit, or ≤ ± 1% on retention time. This paper describes the principle and the structure of the database in detail. The experimental results for different calsses of compounds tested at divers operating conditions will be presented in Part II.
Perfluoroalkylation of benzo crown ethers with sodium perfluoroalkanesulfinates in the presence of oxidant
Authors: Huang Wei‐Yuan , Liu Jin‐Tao 
Published: September 2010

AbstractUsing Ce(SO4)2or Mn(OAc)3as oxidant, dibenzo crown ethers such as dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6 (1) and dibenzo‐24‐crown‐8 (5) and benzo‐12‐crown‐4 (7) reacted smoothly with sodium perfluoroalkanesulfinates (2a‐2e) to give the corresponding perfluoroalkylated products (3,4,6,7) in good yields with two isomers obtained in the case of dibenzo crown ethers. This provides a facile synthesis of perfluoroalkyl‐containing crown ethers.
Formation of Hydrophobic Silica Coatings on Stones for Conservation of Historic Sculptures
Authors: Xu Feigao , Li Dan , Chen Weiling , Gao Shixiang 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe conservation of historic sculptures is receiving growing attention because of the increasing air pollution. A hydrophobic silica coating was synthesized to protect historic sculptures from weathering by starting from a solution of tetraethoxyorthosilicate (TEOS) precursor using hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS) as hydrophobic modifier in the presence of ammonia as a catalyst. The molar ratio of ethanol, TEOS, H2O and NH4OH was kept constant at 8:0.045:3:2.8 and the molar ratio of HDTMS/TEOS (M) was varied from 0 to 0.458. The organic modification was confirmed by infrared spectroscopic studies, and the hydrophobicity of the coating was tested by the contact angle measurements. The stone surface morphology of sample treated with silica coating was characterized. The results showed that the nanocomposites were composed of spherical particles with grain size of about 190 nm in diameter. After the limestone's surface was modified, the contact angle of limestone increased from 20° to 100° for M0.458. The protective performance evaluated with its ability to resist acid rain reveals that the protective effects are satisfying.
Confidence intervals for the mean of a population containing many zero values under unequal‐probability sampling
Authors: Chen Hanfeng , Chen Jiahua , Chen Shun‐Yi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn many applications, a finite population contains a large proportion of zero values that make the population distribution severely skewed. An unequal‐probability sampling plan compounds the problem, and as a result the normal approximation to the distribution of various estimators has poor precision. The central‐limit‐theorem‐based confidence intervals for the population mean are hence unsatisfactory. Complex designs also make it hard to pin down useful likelihood functions, hence a direct likelihood approach is not an option. In this paper, we propose a pseudo‐likelihood approach. The proposed pseudo‐log‐likelihood function is an unbiased estimator of the log‐likelihood function when the entire population is sampled. Simulations have been carried out. When the inclusion probabilities are related to the unit values, the pseudo‐likelihood intervals are superior to existing methods in terms of the coverage probability, the balance of non‐coverage rates on the lower and upper sides, and the interval length. An application with a data set from the Canadian Labour Force Survey‐2000 also shows that the pseudo‐likelihood method performs more appropriately than other methods. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 38: 582–597; 2010 © 2010 Statistical Society of Canada
Combined Effects of Glycated Hemoglobin A1c and Blood Pressure on Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis in Nondiabetic Patients
Authors: Zhu Wen , Sun Tao , Shi Haiming , Li Jian , Zhu Jun , Qi Weiling , Luo Xinping , Li Yong 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between HbA1c, blood pressure, and carotid atherosclerosis in nondiabetic patients is not clear.HypothesisHbA1c and blood pressure can affect carotid‐artery atherosclerosis in nondiabetic patients.MethodsThis retrospective cross‐sectional study included 216 patients without diabetes mellitus. A positive carotid ultrasonographic result was defined as intima‐media thickness of the common carotid artery ≥ 0.9 mm, or presence of carotid plaque.ResultsCompared with patients without carotid atherosclerosis, patients with carotid atherosclerosis had significantly higher levels of HbA1c and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Higher levels of HbA1c and SBP were found to be associated with increased carotid atherosclerosis. Given similar SBP levels, higher HbA1c (>5.6%) was also related to increased carotid atherosclerosis. In multiple logistic regression analysis, HbA1c (odds ratio: 4.1, P = 0.009) emerged as the only statistically significant modifiable factor that was associated with carotid atherosclerosis, independent of smoking, body mass index, fasting plasma glucose, 2‐hour plasma glucose, SBP, diastolic blood pressure, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol.ConclusionsOur study shows that a slight increase of HbA1c may associate with carotid atherosclerosis in nondiabetic patients. Moreover, the coexistence of an elevated SBP level and a slightly increased HbA1c level may have a more significant effect on carotid atherosclerosis. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Dr. Zhu and Dr. Sun contributed equally to this work.The authors of this manuscript have certified that they comply with the Principles of Ethical Publishing in the International Journal of Cardiology (Coats AJ. Ethical authorship and publishing. Int J Cardiol. 2009;131:149–150).This work was supported by a Chinese National Science Grant to Dr. Yong Li (Grant No. 30873350). The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Cytological differential diagnosis among adenocarcinoma, epithelial mesothelioma, and reactive mesothelial cells in serous effusions by immunocytochemistry
Authors: Su Xue‐Ying , Li Gan‐Di , Liu Wei‐Ping , Xie Bin , Jiang Ying‐Hong 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe objective of the study is to estimate the expression of some antibodies in the metastatic adenocarcinomas, malignant epithelial mesotheliomas, and reactive mesothelial cells in serous effusions and to choose effective panel to the differential diagnosis. Totally 113 effusion cytology samples (80 pleural fluid, 30 ascitic, and 3 pericardial fluid) from 60 cases of metastatic adenocarcinoma (ACA), 18 cases of malignant epithelial mesothelioma (MM), and 35 cases of reactive mesothelium (RM) were included in this study. The cytological diagnoses of these cases were confirmed by histopathology or clinical datas. Smears and cell blocks were prepared for each case. Immunocytochemical study was performed on the cell block sections. The sensitivity of E‐cadherin, CEA, MOC‐31, and Ber‐EP4 for adenocarcinoma was 86.7%, 80%, 70%, and 76.4%, respectively. The specificity was 98.1%, 96.2%, 92.5%, and 86.8%, respectively. The sensitivity of calretinin, HBME‐1, and thrombomodulin for RM/MM was 83%, 79.2%, and 47.2% respectively. The specificity was 88.3%, 21.7%, and 70%, respectively. The expression of E‐cadherin, CEA, MOC‐31, Ber‐EP4, calretinin, and thrombomodulin showed significant difference between ACA and RM/MM (P < 0.01). The reactivity of EMA and Des showed significant difference between RM and MM (P < 0.01). In our opinion, the antibody panel that consists of E‐cadherin, CEA, calretinin, and thrombomodulin should be the best for differential diagnosis between metastatic adenocarcinomas and RM/MM in serous effusions. EMA and Des should be used to differentiate malignant epithelial mesothelioma and reactive mesothelial cells. EMA positive and Des negative favor MM, while Des positive and EMA negative favor RM. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011.
Complex I disorders: Causes, mechanisms, and development of treatment strategies at the cellular level
Authors: Valsecchi Federica , Koopman Werner J.H. , Manjeri Ganesh R. , Rodenburg Richard J. , Smeitink Jan A.M. , Willems Peter H.G.M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) represents the final step in the conversion of nutrients into cellular energy. Genetic defects in the OXPHOS system have an incidence between 1:5,000 and 1:10,000 live births. Inherited isolated deficiency of the first complex (CI) of this system, a multisubunit assembly of 45 different proteins, occurs most frequently and originates from mutations in either the nuclear DNA, encoding 38 structural subunits and several assembly factors, or the mitochondrial DNA, encoding 7 structural subunits. The deficiency is associated with devastating multisystemic disorders, often affecting the brain, with onset in early childhood. There are currently no rational treatment strategies. Here, we present an overview of the genetic origins and cellular consequences of this deficiency and discuss how these insights might aid future development of treatment strategies. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2010;16:175–182.
Coenzyme Q and mitochondrial disease
Authors: Quinzii Catarina M. , Hirano Michio 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCoenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an essential electron carrier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and an important antioxidant. Deficiency of CoQ10 is a clinically and molecularly heterogeneous syndrome, which, to date, has been found to be autosomal recessive in inheritance and generally responsive to CoQ10 supplementation. CoQ10 deficiency has been associated with five major clinical phenotypes: (1) encephalomyopathy, (2) severe infantile multisystemic disease, (3) cerebellar ataxia, (4) isolated myopathy, and (5) nephrotic syndrome. In a few patients, pathogenic mutations have been identified in genes involved in the biosynthesis of CoQ10 (primary CoQ10 deficiencies) or in genes not directly related to CoQ10 biosynthesis (secondary CoQ10 deficiencies). Respiratory chain defects, ROS production, and apoptosis contribute to the pathogenesis of primary CoQ10 deficiencies. In vitro and in vivo studies are necessary to further understand the pathogenesis of the disease and to develop more effective therapies. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2010;16:183–188.
Emerging therapeutic approaches to mitochondrial diseases
Authors: Wenz Tina , Williams Sion L. , Bacman Sandra R. , Moraes Carlos T. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMitochondrial diseases are very heterogeneous and can affect different tissues and organs. Moreover, they can be caused by genetic defects in either nuclear or mitochondrial DNA as well as by environmental factors. All of these factors have made the development of therapies difficult. In this review article, we will discuss emerging approaches to the therapy of mitochondrial disorders, some of which are targeted to specific conditions whereas others may be applicable to a more diverse group of patients. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2010;16:219–229.
Autism and mitochondrial disease
Authors: Haas Richard H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) as defined by the revised Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM IVTR criteria (American Psychiatric Association [2000] Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing) as impairment before the age of 3 in language development and socialization with the development of repetitive behaviors, appears to be increased in incidence and prevalence. Similarly, mitochondrial disorders are increasingly recognized. Although overlap between these disorders is to be expected, accumulating clinical, genetic, and biochemical evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction in ASD is more commonly seen than expected. Some patients with ASD phenotypes clearly have genetic‐based primary mitochondrial disease. This review will examine the data linking autism and mitochondria. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2010;16:144–153.
Bioenergetics and the epigenome: Interface between the environment and genes in common diseases
Authors: Wallace Douglas C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractExtensive efforts have been directed at using genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) to identify the genes responsible for common metabolic and degenerative diseases, cancer, and aging, but with limited success. While environmental factors have been evoked to explain this conundrum, the nature of these environmental factors remains unexplained. The availability of and demands for energy constitute one of the most important aspects of the environment. The flow of energy through the cell is primarily mediated by the mitochondrion, which oxidizes reducing equivalents from hydrocarbons via acetyl‐CoA, NADH + H+, and FADH2 to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The mitochondrial genome encompasses hundreds of nuclear DNA (nDNA)‐encoded genes plus 37 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)‐encoded genes. Although the mtDNA has a high mutation rate, only milder, potentially adaptive mutations are introduced into the population through female oocytes. In contrast, nDNA‐encoded bioenergetic genes have a low mutation rate. However, their expression is modulated by histone phosphorylation and acetylation using mitochondrially‐generated ATP and acetyl‐CoA, which permits increased gene expression, growth, and reproduction when calories are abundant. Phosphorylation, acetylaton, and cellular redox state also regulate most signal transduction pathways and activities of multiple transcription factors. Thus, mtDNA mutations provide heritable and stable adaptation to regional differences while mitochondrially‐mediated changes in the epigenome permit reversible modulation of gene expression in response to fluctuations in the energy environment. The most common genomic changes that interface with the environment and cause complex disease must, therefore, be mitochondrial and epigenomic in origin. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2010;16:114–119.
Photoinduced Processes in Fluorene‐Bridged Rhenium–Phenothiazine Dyads – Comparison of Electron Transfer Across Fluorene, Phenylene, and Xylene Bridges
Authors: Walther Mathieu E. , Grilj Jakob , Hanss David , Vauthey Eric , Wenger Oliver S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe photoinduced processes occurring after pulsed laser excitation of a series of donor–bridge–acceptor molecules comprising a phenothiazine electron donor, variable‐length fluorene bridges, and a rhenium(I) electron acceptor were investigated. A dyad with a single fluorene bridge unit exhibits electron transfer from phenothiazine to the rhenium(I) complex upon photoexcitation, whereas in dyads with fluorene oligomers bridge‐localized triplet excited states are formed rather than electron transfer products. In the monofluorene‐bridged system with a donor–acceptor distance of ca. 15 Å, electron transfer occurs with a time constant of 1.9 ns. The equidistant electron transfer between the same donor and acceptor is considerably slower across a biphenyl bridge (3.9 ns) or a bi‐p‐xylene spacer (20 ns). This finding is interpreted in terms of different tunneling barrier heights associated with the charge transfer across the three different types of molecular bridges.
Competitive Formation of β‐Enaminones and 3‐Amino‐2(5H)‐furanones from the Isoxazolidine System: A Combined Synthetic and Quantum Chemical Study
Authors: Iannazzo Daniela , Brunaccini Elisa , Giofrè Salvatore V. , Piperno Anna , Romeo Giovanni , Ronsisvalle Simone , Chiacchio Maria A. , Lanza Giuseppe , Chiacchio Ugo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTreatment of 3‐alkoxycarbonyl‐4‐acyl‐ or 3,4‐dialkoxycarbonyl‐substituted isoxazolidines with a mild base, such as tetrabutylammonium fluoride, affords β‐enaminones and/or 3‐methylamino‐2(5H)‐furanones according to the nature of the substituents at C4 and C5. Two alternative mechanisms (lactonization and retro‐aldolization) have been rationalized by DFT quantum chemical methods. Any realistic theoretical modeling requires the explicit inclusion of countercation and solvent effects.
Design and Synthesis of Optically Active Esters of γ‐Amino‐β‐oxo Acids as Precursors for the Synthesis of Tetramic Acids Derived from L‐Serine, L‐Tyrosine, and L‐Threonine
Authors: Matiadis Dimitris , Igglessi‐Markopoulou Olga 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTetramic acids bearing a hydroxyalkyl or hydroxybenzyl group at C‐5 of the heterocyclic ring were successfully prepared. α‐Amino acids appropriately protected and activated were used as acylating agents for the C‐acylation of active methylene compounds. These novel synthesized intermediates, substituted γ‐amino acids, were isolated in excellent yields and enantiomeric purities. Cyclization under basic conditions afforded the desired products in high yields and enantiomeric purity.
Improved and Controlled Complexation of Paraquat Derivatives by the Formation of a Bis(m‐phenylene)‐26‐Crown‐8‐Based Lariat Ether
Authors: Zhang Mingming , Luo Yan , Zheng Bo , Xia Binyuan , Huang Feihe 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA novel bis(m‐phenylene)‐26‐crown‐8‐based lariat ether (i.e., 3b) was synthesized and characterized. It can bind paraquat derivatives more strongly than bis(m‐phenylene)‐26‐crown‐8 in solution. It forms pseudorotaxanes with two paraquat derivatives in the solid state. N‐Methyl substitution was found to play an important role on the binding strength of lariat ether 3b. Furthermore, due to the introduction of two benzyloxy groups, its binding to paraquat derivatives can be switched off (and back on) by adding K+ (and then dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6), and the disassociation percentage depends on the concentration of the added K+ ions.
Catalytic Alkynylation Coupling Reactions by Copper(II) Complex in Water and Its Applications to Domino Synthesis of 2‐Arylindoles
Authors: Yu Lintao , Jiang Xiaofei , Wang Lixia , Li Zhengkai , Wu Di , Zhou Xiangge 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA mild and clean protocol for the alkynylation coupling of aryl iodides with terminal alkynes has been developed in yields up to 99 % in the presence of sulfonato‐CuII(salen) in water. Domino synthesis of 2‐arylindoles from 2‐iodoaniline and aryl acetylene was successfully carried out by this catalytic system, and the catalyst could be easily recovered and reused.