bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Service Use for Mental Health Problems: Findings from the 2007 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing
Authors: Burgess Philip M. , Pirkis Jane E. , Slade Tim N. , Johnston Amy K. , Meadows Graham N. , Gunn Jane M. 
Published: June 2009

Objectives: To provide an overview of 12 month rates of service use for mental health problems and mental disorders by the general Australian adult population. Method: Data came from the 2007 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing (2007 NSMHWB), a nationally representative household survey of 8841 individuals aged between 16 and 85 years. Results: Overall, 11.9% of the general Australian adult population made use of any services for mental health problems in a 12 month period. Approximately one-third of people (34.9%) meeting criteria for a mental disorder did so. Female subjects with mental disorders were more likely to use services than male subjects (40.7% vs 27.5%). People in the youngest age group made relatively less use of services than older adults. Those with affective disorders were most likely to make use of services (58.6%), followed by those with anxiety (37.8%) and substance use disorders (24.0%), respectively. Mental health hospitalizations were less common than consultations with community-based providers (2.6%), whereas 34.6% consulted a community-based provider – particularly general practitioners (24.7%) and psychologists (13.2%). There was a clear dose-response effect between severity of disorders and rates of community-based service use: 63.5% of those with severe mental disorders used community-based services, compared with 40.2% and 17.7% of those with moderate and mild mental disorders, respectively. There was also a relationship between comorbidity of mental disorders and service use. Conclusions: Rates of service use for mental health problems among those with mental disorders in Australia are less than optimal. Little international guidance is available regarding appropriate levels of treatment coverage and other comparable countries face similar difficulties. Further work is required to determine what an appropriate rate of service use is, and to set targets to reach that rate. Australia has demonstrated that concerted policy efforts can improve rates of service use. These efforts should be expanded.
2007 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing: Methods and Key Findings
Authors: Slade Tim , Johnston Amy , Oakley Browne Mark A. , Andrews Gavin , Whiteford Harvey 
Published: June 2009

Objective: To provide a description of the methods and key findings of the 2007 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Method: A national face-to-face household survey of 8841 (60% response rate) community residents aged between 16 and 85 years was carried out using the World Mental Health Survey Initiative version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Diagnoses were made according to ICD-10. Key findings include the prevalence of mental disorder, sex and age distributions of mental disorders, severity of mental disorders, comorbidity among mental disorders, and the extent of disability and health service use associated with mental disorders. Results: The prevalence of any lifetime mental disorder was 45.5%. The prevalence of any 12 month mental disorder was 20.0%, with anxiety disorders (14.4%) the most common class of mental disorder followed by affective disorders (6.2%) and substance use disorders (5.1%). Mental disorders, particularly affective disorders, were disabling. One in four people (25.4%) with 12 month mental disorders had more than one class of mental disorder. One-third (34.9%) of people with a mental disorder used health services for mental health problems in the 12 months prior to the interview. Conclusions: Mental disorders are common in Australia. Many people have more than one class of mental disorder. Mental disorders are associated with substantial disability, yet many people with mental disorders do not seek help for their mental health problems.
Comorbidity in Australia: Findings of the 2007 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing
Authors: Teesson Maree , Slade Tim , Mills Katherine 
Published: June 2009

Objective: The aim of the present study was to report the prevalence and patterns of 12 month comorbidity in the 2007 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing (2007 NSMHWB). In this paper the comorbidity between common mental disorders (affective, substance use and anxiety) and between physical and mental disorders is examined. Method: The 2007 NSMHWB was a nationally representative household survey of 8841 Australian adults (16–85 years) that assessed participants for symptoms of the most prevalent ICD-10 mental disorders. Results: The common mental disorder classes (affective, anxiety and substance use disorders) often occur together and 25.4% of persons with an anxiety, affective or substance use disorder had at least one other class of mental disorder. A small proportion (3.5%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.3–4.7%) had all three classes of disorder. Mental disorder and physical disorder comorbidity was also common, with 28% (95%CI = 25.1–30.9%) of those with a chronic physical disorder also having a mental disorder. Comorbidity was associated with greater severity and greater health service use. Conclusions: Comorbidity is widespread and remains a significant challenge for the delivery of effective health-care services and treatment.
De novo transcriptome assembly with ABySS
Authors: Birol Inanç , Jackman Shaun D. , Nielsen Cydney B. , Qian Jenny Q. , Varhol Richard , Stazyk Greg , Morin Ryan D. , Zhao Yongjun , Hirst Martin , Schein Jacqueline E. , Horsman Doug E. , Connors Joseph M. , Gascoyne Randy D. , Marra Marco A. , Jones Steven J. M. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Motivation: Whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing data from non-normalized samples offer unique opportunities to study the metabolic states of organisms. One can deduce gene expression levels using sequence coverage as a surrogate, identify coding changes or discover novel isoforms or transcripts. Especially for discovery of novel events, de novo assembly of transcriptomes is desirable.
Results: Transcriptome from tumor tissue of a patient with follicular lymphoma was sequenced with 36 base pair (bp) single- and paired-end reads on the Illumina Genome Analyzer II platform. We assembled ∼194 million reads using ABySS into 66 921 contigs 100 bp or longer, with a maximum contig length of 10 951 bp, representing over 30 million base pairs of unique transcriptome sequence, or roughly 1% of the genome.
Availability and Implementation: Source code and binaries of ABySS are freely available for download at http://www.bcgsc.ca/platform/bioinfo/software/abyss. Assembler tool is implemented in C++. The parallel version uses Open MPI. ABySS-Explorer tool is implemented in Java using the Java universal network/graph framework.
Contact: ibirol@bcgsc.ca
Proximate mechanisms driving circadian control of neuroendocrine function: Lessons from the young and old
Authors: Williams Wilbur P. , Gibson Erin M. , Wang Connie , Tjho Stephanie , Khattar Neera , Bentley George E. , Tsutsui Kazuyoshi , Kriegsfeld Lance J. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Circadian rhythms impact a variety of behavioral and physiological functions contributing to longevity and successful reproduction. In their natural environments, individuals of a species are faced with a multitude of challenges and the coordination of internal processes and behavior with external pressures has been hypothesized to be an important target of natural selection. Several lines of evidence from cyanobacteria, Drosophila, and plants provide strong support for an important role of the circadian clock in survival and reproductive success. Similarly in mammals, disruptions in circadian function markedly impact reproduction and lifespan. The present review discusses research outlining the proximate and ultimate mechanisms responsible for the central and peripheral control of the reproductive axis. Because precise temporal coordination of the endocrine system is particularly crucial for reproduction by females, the present overview focuses on the role of circadian timing in this sex.
A comparative study of optimization methods and conventional methods for sampling design in fishery-independent surveys
Authors: Liu Yong , Chen Yong , Cheng Jiahua 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Liu, Y., Chen, Y., and Cheng, J. 2009. A comparative study of optimization methods and conventional methods for sampling design in fishery-independent surveys. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1873–1882. We have introduced and evaluated a procedure, the constrained spatial simulated annealing method, for developing an optimal sampling design for fishery-independent surveys. We used two criterion functions, minimization of the mean of the shortest distance (MMSD) and uniform distribution of point pairs for variogram estimation (WM), and three arrangements of the two criteria, all WM, all MMSD, and a combination of MMSD (2/3 of samples) and WM (1/3), to construct three optimized sampling designs (denoted as Designs I, II, and III, respectively). These three designs were compared in a simulation study with systematic sampling (Design IV) and stratified random sampling designs (Design V), commonly used in fishery-independent surveys. Three levels of sample size (small, medium, and large) were considered in the simulation study developed using a geostatistical approach. The results showed that for parameter estimation of the spatial covariance function, Design III was better than the other designs at relatively small sample size and Design II performed better than the other designs at relatively large sample size. For estimating fish stock abundance, the performance of the designs considered in this study can be ranked as follows: Design II > Design IV > Design III > Design V > Design I. It is clearly important to evaluate and improve sampling design based on historical survey data. Such a study allows us to identify an optimal sampling design to balance the quality of the data collected and the costs of the sampling programme, leading to the development and optimization of a sustainable and fishery-independent monitoring programme.
Attenuation of Mechanical Hypersensitivity by an Antagonist of the TRPA1 Ion Channel in Diabetic Animals
Authors: Wei Hong , Hämäläinen Minna M. , Saarnilehto Marja , Koivisto Ari , Pertovaara Antti 
Published: June 2009

Background
The TRPA1 ion channel modulates excitability of nociceptors, and it may be activated by compounds resulting from oxidative insults. Diabetes mellitus produces oxidative stress and sensory neuropathy. The authors tested the hypothesis that diabetes-induced endogenous compounds acting on the TRPA1 ion channel contribute to development and maintenance of mechanical hypersensitivity.

Methods
Diabetes mellitus was induced by streptozotocin. Mechanical hypersensitivity was assessed by the monofilament and paw pressure tests. Chembridge-5861528 (CHEM; a TRPA1 channel antagonist, a derivative of HC-030031) or vehicle was administered acutely or twice daily for 10 days in diabetic animals. For comparison, effects of CHEM were assessed in a group of healthy control animals.

Results
Acute administration of CHEM attenuated mechanically induced withdrawal responses in diabetic and control groups. The maximal effect (over 50% elevation of the paw pressure threshold) by acute administration of CHEM was obtained in 30 min. The lowest dose producing a significant attenuation was 10 mg/kg in the diabetic group and 30 mg/kg in the healthy controls. Chronic administration of CHEM (30 mg/kg twice daily) for a week in the diabetic group attenuated development of mechanical hypersensitivity.

Conclusions
Reduction of pain-related behavior by a lower dose of the TRPA1 channel antagonist in the diabetic than in the control group suggests that endogenous compounds resulting from diabetes mellitus and acting on the TRPA1 channel contribute to diabetic hypersensitivity. Prolonged antihypersensitivity effect after chronic treatment suggests that daily administration of a TRPA1 channel antagonist may prevent development of diabetic hypersensitivity.
Biodegradable and compostable alternatives to conventional plastics
Authors: Song J. H. , Murphy R. J. , Narayan R. , Davies G. B. H. 
Published: June 2009

Packaging waste forms a significant part of municipal solid waste and has caused increasing environmental concerns, resulting in a strengthening of various regulations aimed at reducing the amounts generated. Among other materials, a wide range of oil-based polymers is currently used in packaging applications. These are virtually all non-biodegradable, and some are difficult to recycle or reuse due to being complex composites having varying levels of contamination. Recently, significant progress has been made in the development of biodegradable plastics, largely from renewable natural resources, to produce biodegradable materials with similar functionality to that of oil-based polymers. The expansion in these bio-based materials has several potential benefits for greenhouse gas balances and other environmental impacts over whole life cycles and in the use of renewable, rather than finite resources. It is intended that use of biodegradable materials will contribute to sustainability and reduction in the environmental impact associated with disposal of oil-based polymers.
The diversity of biodegradable materials and their varying properties makes it difficult to make simple, generic assessments such as biodegradable products are all ‘good’ or petrochemical-based products are all ‘bad’. This paper discusses the potential impacts of biodegradable packaging materials and their waste management, particularly via composting. It presents the key issues that inform judgements of the benefits these materials have in relation to conventional, petrochemical-based counterparts. Specific examples are given from new research on biodegradability in simulated ‘home’ composting systems. It is the view of the authors that biodegradable packaging materials are most suitable for single-use disposable applications where the post-consumer waste can be locally composted.
Change of specific T cells in an emerging neonatal infectious disease induced by a bacterial superantigen
Authors: Takahashi Naoto , Kato Hidehito , Imanishi Ken’ichi , Ohki Takehiro , Uehara Ritei , Momoi Mariko Y. , Nishida Hiroshi , Uchiyama Takehiko 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTA new epidemic, NTED, has recently occurred in Japan. The cause of NTED is a bacterial superantigen, TSST‐1. The aim of the present study was to analyze the change in Vβ2+ T cells reactive to TSST‐1 in NTED in order to establish T‐cell‐targeted diagnostic criteria for NTED. Blood samples from 75 patients with clinically diagnosed NTED were collected from 13 neonatal intensive care units throughout Japan. We investigated the percentages of Vβ2+, Vβ3+ and Vβ12+ T cells and their CD45RO expressions in the samples using flow cytometry. In 18 of the 75 patients, we conducted multiple examinations of the T cells and monitored serial changes. The Vβ2+ T‐cell population rapidly changed over three phases of the disease. Whereas the percentage of Vβ2+ T cells was widely distributed over the entire control range, CD45RO expression on Vβ2+ T cells in CD4+ in all 75 patients was consistently higher than the control range. Patients cannot necessarily be diagnosed as having NTED based on expansion of Vβ2+ T cells alone in the early acute phase. Instead, CD45RO expression on specific Vβ2+ cells is a potential diagnostic marker for a rapid diagnosis of NTED. We present three diagnostic categories of NTED. Fifty patients (66.7%) were included in the category ‘definitive NTED’. It is important to demonstrate an increase of Vβ2+ T cells in the following phase in cases of ‘probable NTED’ or ‘possible NTED’.
The use of exclusive enteral nutrition for induction of remission in children with Crohn’s disease demonstrates that disease phenotype does not influence clinical remission
Authors: BUCHANAN E. , GAUNT W. W. , CARDIGAN T. , GARRICK V. , MCGROGAN P. , RUSSELL R. K. 
Published: June 2009

SummaryBackground  Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) achieves variable remission rates in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD).Aim  To describe our experience of treating CD with an 8‐week course of primary EEN and to study factors affecting treatment outcome.Methods  All CD patients treated with EEN in our centre between 2004 and 2007 were included in the study. Remission was determined by a combination of clinical parameters. Disease phenotype was assigned using published classifications. Inflammatory markers and anthropometry (Z‐scores) were calculated before and after treatment.Results  A total of 114 children were treated (four were excluded). Median age at diagnosis was 11.6 years. Fifty‐seven (51.8%) were fed orally whilst 53 (48.2%) were fed by tube. Eighty‐eight (80%) achieved remission with consequent reductions in erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C‐reactive protein (P < 0.001). Patients in remission had comparative improvements in weight (−1.04 cf. −0.40) and BMI Z‐scores (−0.98 cf. −0.03) by the end of treatment (P < 0.001). Individuals with isolated terminal ileal disease (n = 4) had lower remission rates than other locations (P = 0.02). No other significant differences in remission rates for any other disease locations were found.Conclusions  Exclusive enteral nutrition induces clinical remission, normalization of inflammatory markers and improves weight/BMI Z‐scores in most patients. This study demonstrates that disease phenotype should not influence clinicians when commencing patients on EEN.
Clinical trial: prophylactic intravenous alanyl‐glutamine reduces the severity of gastrointestinal toxicity induced by chemotherapy – a randomized crossover study
Authors: LI Y. , PING X. , YU B. , LIU F. , NI X. , LI J. 
Published: June 2009

SummaryBackground  Glutamine has been shown in numerous studies to reduce intestinal permeability which can be increased by chemotherapy. However, there have been few reports that conduct on its clinical effect on gastrointestinal toxicity.Aim  To examine whether prophylactic intravenous alanyl‐glutamine dipeptide can ameliorate clinical manifestations of gastrointestinal toxicity induced by chemotherapy.Methods  Forty‐four patients with gastric or colorectal cancer developing WHO side‐effect grading system of grade 2 or higher were randomized to either control group (n = 22) or Gln group (n = 22) during next cycle of chemotherapy. Patients were crossed over to the alternate treatment during chemotherapy cycle 2. In the control group, the patients received the same chemotherapy regimens as screening cycle and in the Gln group, the patients received chemotherapy and alanyl‐glutamine. Prophylactic intravenous 20 g of alanyl‐glutamine dipeptide was given for 5 days.Results  Compared with the control group, the plasma glutamine level in the Gln group was significantly higher and the plasma endotoxin level was significantly lower. The scores of nausea/vomiting and diarrhoea decreased significantly.Conclusion  Prophylactic intravenous alanyl‐glutamine is effective in preventing intestinal permeability disruption induced by chemotherapy and clinical manifestations of gastrointestinal toxicity.
Polymorphism of the ovine β3‐adrenergic receptor gene (ADRB3) and its association with wool mean staple strength and yield
Authors: Forrest R. H. , Itenge‐Mweza T. O. , McKenzie G. W. , Zhou H. , Frampton C. M. , Hickford J. G. H. 
Published: June 2009

SummaryWe investigated the possibility that variation in ovine ADRB3 is associated with various wool traits, in particular mean staple strength (MSS). Polymerase chain reaction‐single strand conformational polymorphism analysis of part of the ADRB3 intron was used to genotype 695 Merino lambs born on three farms in the South Island of New Zealand and which were shorn as 2‐tooths. For each fleece, MSS, mean fibre diameter, mean staple length and yield were measured. The results from mixed‐effects models and half‐sib analyses suggest that ADRB3 alleles A and D have a negative impact on some wool traits, whereas ADRB3 alleles C and E appear to have a positive impact, with allele C potentially having a greater impact than allele E on MSS. This variation in the ADRB3 may assist in the genetic selection for increased MSS and yield in Merino sheep.
Novel beta‐spectrin mutations in hereditary spherocytosis associated with decreased levels of mRNA
Authors: Maciąg Monika , Płochocka Danuta , Adamowicz‐Salach Anna , Burzyńska Beata 
Published: June 2009

SummaryHereditary spherocytosis (HS) is one of the most frequent and heterogeneous inherited haemolytic anaemias. It is associated with abnormalities of several erythrocyte membrane proteins. We investigated relative mRNA quantification of red blood cell membrane protein genes using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in order to better characterize HS cases and to select genes to search for mutations in patients with spherocytosis. qPCR experiments indicated that the spectrin β gene (SPTB) could be involved in anaemia pathogenesis. DNA analysis of SPTB in the HS subjects with decreased SPTB mRNA levels revealed the presence of five previously undescribed mutations: R1756X, 781delT and IVS22nt‐4G>A, 1502insA and IVS20nt‐2A>G.
Advances in individual prediction of methotrexate toxicity: a review
Authors: Schmiegelow Kjeld 
Published: June 2009

SummaryAs the cure rates for haematological malignancies have improved, the exploration of the balance between efficacy and side effects has become a major research target. The antifolate methotrexate is widely used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, and osteosarcoma. Even when given identical methotrexate doses, patients vary significantly in their response and pattern of toxicities. This diversity can, to some extent, be linked to sequence variations in genes involved in drug absorption, metabolism, excretion, cellular transport, and effector targets or target pathways. In the coming years pharmacogenomics is expected to change our approaches to individualised therapy with methotrexate. However, genetic polymorphisms affect the pharmacokinetics and dynamics of all the drugs a patient receive as well as the normal tissues tolerance to a given drug exposure. Thus, although high‐throughput techniques will allow mapping of tens of thousands of genetic polymorphisms in one run, it will be a major challenge to dissect out which of these have the strongest impact on efficacy and toxicity and hence should be the targets for intervention. This paper discusses the pharmacology of methotrexate and reviews studies on haematological malignancies that have attempted to predict the risk of toxicity by specific clinical or genetic features.