bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gradually Typed Languages Should Be Vigilant!
Authors: Gierczak Olek , Menon Lucy , Dimoulas Christos , Ahmed Amal 
Published: April 2024

In gradual typing, different languages perform different dynamic type checks for the same program even
though the languages have the same static type system. This raises the question of whether, given a gradually
typed language, the combination of the translation that injects checks in well-typed terms and the dynamic
semantics that determines their behavior sufficiently enforce the static type system of the language. Neither
type soundness, nor complete monitoring, nor any other meta-theoretic property of gradually typed languages
to date provides a satisfying answer.
In response, we present vigilance, a semantic analytical instrument that defines when the check-injecting
translation and dynamic semantics of a gradually typed language are adequate for its static type system.
Technically, vigilance asks if a given translation-and-semantics combination enforces the complete run-time
typing history of a value, which consists of all of the types associated with the value. We show that the standard
combination for so-called Natural gradual typing is vigilant for the standard simple type system, but the
standard combination for Transient gradual typing is not. At the same time, the standard combination for
Transient is vigilant for a tag type system but the standard combination for Natural is not. Hence, we clarify
the comparative type-level reasoning power between the two most studied approaches to sound gradual typing.
Furthermore, as an exercise that demonstrates how vigilance can guide design, we introduce and examine
a new theoretical static gradual type system, dubbed truer, that is stronger than tag typing and more faithfully
reflects the type-level reasoning power that the dynamic semantics of Transient gradual typing can guarantee.
Scenario-Based Proofs for Concurrent Objects
Authors: Enea Constantin , Koskinen Eric 
Published: April 2024

Concurrent objects form the foundation of many applications that exploit multicore architectures and their importance has lead to informal correctness arguments, as well as formal proof systems. Correctness arguments (as found in the distributed computing literature) give intuitive descriptions of a few canonical executions or "scenarios" often each with only a few threads, yet it remains unknown as to whether these intuitive arguments have a formal grounding and extend to arbitrary interleavings over unboundedly many threads.
We present a novel proof technique for concurrent objects, based around identifying a small set of scenarios (representative, canonical interleavings), formalized as the commutativity quotient of a concurrent object. We next give an expression language for defining abstractions of the quotient in the form of regular or context-free languages that enable simple proofs of linearizability. These quotient expressions organize unbounded interleavings into a form more amenable to reasoning and make explicit the relationship between implementation-level contention/interference and ADT-level transitions.
We evaluate our work on numerous non-trivial concurrent objects from the literature (including the Michael-Scott queue, Elimination stack, SLS reservation queue, RDCSS and Herlihy-Wing queue). We show that quotients capture the diverse features/complexities of these algorithms, can be used even when linearization points are not straight-forward, correspond to original authors' correctness arguments, and provide some new scenario-based arguments. Finally, we show that discovery of some object's quotients reduces to two-thread reasoning and give an implementation that can derive candidate quotients expressions from source code.
Senescent CAFs Mediate Immunosuppression and Drive Breast Cancer Progression
Authors: Ye Jiayu , Baer John M. , Faget Douglas V. , Morikis Vasilios A. , Ren Qihao , Melam Anupama , Delgado Ana Paula , Luo Xianmin , Bagchi Satarupa Mullick , Belle Jad I. , Campos Edward , Friedman Michael , Veis Deborah J. , Knudsen Erik S. , Witkiewicz Agnieszka K. , Powers Scott , Longmore Gregory D. , DeNardo David G. , Stewart Sheila A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) profoundly influences tumorigenesis, with gene expression in the breast TME capable of predicting clinical outcomes. The TME is complex and includes distinct cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) subtypes whose contribution to tumorigenesis remains unclear. Here, we identify a subset of myofibroblast CAFs (myCAF) that are senescent (senCAF) in mouse and human breast tumors. Utilizing the MMTV-PyMT;INK-ATTAC (INK) mouse model, we found that senCAF-secreted extracellular matrix specifically limits natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity to promote tumor growth. Genetic or pharmacologic senCAF elimination unleashes NK cell killing, restricting tumor growth. Finally, we show that senCAFs are present in HER2+, ER+, and triple-negative breast cancer and in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) where they predict tumor recurrence. Together, these findings demonstrate that senCAFs are potently tumor promoting and raise the possibility that targeting them by senolytic therapy could restrain breast cancer development.
Significance: senCAFs limit NK cell-mediated killing, thereby contributing to breast cancer progression. Thus, targeting senCAFs could be a clinically viable approach to limit tumor progression.
See related article by Belle et al., p. 1324.
The CD33xCD123xCD70 Multispecific CD3-Engaging DARPin MP0533 Induces Selective T Cell–Mediated Killing of AML Leukemic Stem Cells
Authors: Bianchi Matteo , Reichen Christian , Croset Amelie , Fischer Stefanie , Eggenschwiler Aline , Grübler Yvonne , Marpakwar Rajlakshmi , Looser Thamar , Spitzli Patricia , Herzog Christel , Villemagne Denis , Schiegg Dieter , Abduli Liridon , Iss Chloé , Neculcea Alexandra , Franchini Marco , Lekishvili Tamara , Ragusa Simone , Zitt Christof , Kaufmann Yvonne , Auge Alienor , Hänggi Martin , Ali Waleed , Frasconi Teresa M. , Wullschleger Stephan , Schlegel Iris , Matzner Mirela , Lüthi Ursina , Schlereth Bernd , Dawson Keith M. , Kirkin Vladimir , Ochsenbein Adrian F. , Grimm Sebastian , Reschke Nina , Riether Carsten , Steiner Daniel , Leupin Nicolas , Goubier Anne 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is limited, especially for elderly or unfit patients not eligible for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation. The disease is driven by leukemic stem cells (LSCs), which are characterized by clonal heterogeneity and resistance to conventional therapy. These cells are therefore believed to be a major cause of progression and relapse. We designed MP0533, a multispecific CD3-engaging designed ankyrin repeat protein (DARPin) that can simultaneously bind to three antigens on AML cells (CD33, CD123, and CD70), aiming to enable avidity-driven T cell–mediated killing of AML cells coexpressing at least two of the antigens. In vitro, MP0533 induced selective T cell–mediated killing of AML cell lines, as well as patient-derived AML blasts and LSCs, expressing two or more target antigens, while sparing healthy HSCs, blood, and endothelial cells. The higher selectivity also resulted in markedly lower levels of cytokine release in normal human blood compared to single antigen–targeting T-cell engagers. In xenograft AML mice models, MP0533 induced tumor-localized T-cell activation and cytokine release, leading to complete eradication of the tumors while having no systemic adverse effects. These studies show that the multispecific-targeting strategy used with MP0533 holds promise for improved selectivity toward LSCs and efficacy against clonal heterogeneity, potentially bringing a new therapeutic option to this group of patients with a high unmet need. MP0533 is currently being evaluated in a dose-escalation phase 1 study in patients with relapsed or refractory AML (NCT05673057).
Propagation of transient explosive synchronization in a mesoscale mouse brain network model of epilepsy
Authors: Ranjan Avinash , Gandhi Saurabh R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Generalized epileptic attacks, which exhibit widespread disruption of brain activity, are characterized by recurrent, spontaneous, and synchronized bursts of neural activity that self-initiate and self-terminate through critical transitions. Here we utilize the general framework of explosive synchronization (ES) from complex systems science to study the role of network structure and resource dynamics in the generation and propagation of seizures. We show that a combination of resource constraint and adaptive coupling in a Kuramoto network oscillator model can reliably generate seizure-like synchronization activity across different network topologies, including a biologically derived mesoscale mouse brain network. The model, coupled with a novel algorithm for tracking seizure propagation, provides mechanistic insight into the dynamics of transition to the synchronized state and its dependence on resources; and identifies key brain areas that may be involved in the initiation and spatial propagation of the seizure. The model, though minimal, efficiently recapitulates several experimental and theoretical predictions from more complex models and makes novel experimentally testable predictions.
Peiresc, Riolan, and the Library as a Site of Humanist Science
Authors: Guerrini Anita 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc (1580–1637), the “prince of the Republic of Letters,” and Jean Riolan the younger (1580–1657), the “prince of anatomists,” would seem to have little in common apart from the coincidence of their birth years. It is not clear that they knew each other, although they had many common acquaintances, including Gabriel Naudé, and both engaged in knowledge practices based on both texts and objects. Both were antiquarians with a deep knowledge of classical antiquity, and both were great collectors of books. In the case of the identity of the fossil bones of the supposed ancient king Theutobochus, the responses of Riolan and Peiresc reveal a common devotion to library-based humanist science while they simultaneously evaluated material evidence. These libraries were not passive repositories but dynamic sites of knowledge creation where natural philosophy and humanist scholarship mutually informed each other.
Changes in the Typhoon Intensity under a Warming Climate: A Numerical Study of Typhoon Mangkhut
Authors: Wang Hong , Gao Liang , Zhu Lei , Zhang Lulu , Wu Jiahao 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Accurately assessing cyclone intensity changes due to global warming is crucial for predicting and mitigating sequential hazards. This study develops a high-resolution, fully coupled air–sea model to investigate the impact of global warming on Supertyphoon Mangkhut (2018). A numerical sensitivity analysis is conducted using the pseudo–global warming (PGW) technique based on multiple global climate models (GCMs) from phase 6 of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Under ocean warming scenarios, the increasing average sea surface temperature (SST) by 2.26°, 2.44°, 3.45°, and 4.53°C results in reductions in the minimum sea level pressure by 9.2, 10.6, 15.7, and 19.4 hPa, respectively, compared to the original state of Typhoon Mangkhut. Rising SST increases the turbulent heat flux; to be specific, an average SST increase of 2.26°–4.53°C changes the turbulent heat flux into 177%–272% of the original value. Besides, stronger winds enhance SST cooling, including upwelling and entrainment, leading to an increase in the mixed layer depth (MLD). Tropical cyclone heat potential (TCHP) tends to be enhanced under the combined influences as the SST rises. An average increase in the SST of 2.26°, 2.44°, 3.45°, and 4.53°C leads to an increase in the TCHP of 9.94%, 9.85%, 14.67%, and 15.30%, respectively. However, future changes in atmospheric temperature and humidity will moderate typhoon intensification induced by ocean warming. Considering atmospheric conditions, the maximum wind speed decreases by approximately 10% compared to only considering ocean warming. Nevertheless, typhoon intensity is projected to strengthen under future climate change.

Significance Statement
This study examines the role of global warming in typhoon intensity and the response of typhoon events to changes in the oceanic thermal structure. Sensitivity experiments considering future warming climates are conducted using a fully coupled air–sea numerical model. An average increase in sea surface temperature (SST) by 4.53°C can lead to a reduction in the minimum sea level pressure by 19.4 hPa. Ocean warming enhances oceanic mixing, potentially increasing the availability of heat energy for typhoon’s development (i.e., an average increase in SST by 4.53°C leads to a 15.30% increase in heat energy). However, future changes in atmospheric temperature and humidity will moderate the intensification of typhoons induced by ocean warming. These results are expected to provide information for assessing the future changes in typhoon intensity under a warming climate, which is important for predicting and reducing sequential risks.
Deep Learning–Based Ensemble Forecast and Predictability Analysis of the Kuroshio Intrusion into the South China Sea
Authors: Qian Junkai , Wang Qiang , Liang Peng , Peng Suqi , Wang Huizan , Wu Yanling 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Kuroshio intrusion (KI) into the South China Sea (SCS) significantly affects the environment, ecology, and climate change of the SCS. However, due to the nonlinearity of KI, its numerical prediction often requires a large ensemble size to measure prediction uncertainty. The huge computational costs of large numbers of members and high-resolution numerical models pose significant challenges for KI prediction. We, therefore, construct a Kuroshio ensemble deep learning prediction system (KurNet) by taking different values of parameters to predict KI paths because the deep learning models have high prediction skills and low computational cost. The KurNet containing 64 ensemble members not only can output ensemble mean forecast results of the Kuroshio path but also can estimate probability density functions for the path types. The KurNet illustrates a high predictive ability for the KI with the mean classification accuracy of 71.9% and root-mean-square error of 0.913 on the testing set, which is superior to the single control prediction by ∼1.0%–2.9%, although the control prediction model is selected as one of the ensemble members with the best predictive ability on the validation set. Furthermore, the predictability analysis of 10 KI events indicates that when the lead time is 3 days, the most important areas are in the east of Luzon Island due to the upstream Kuroshio transport. As the lead time increases, the most important area is in the Luzon Strait due to the eddy activity. Observing system simulation experiments reveal that the KI forecast skill can be enhanced by ∼12%–18% when uncertainties of the input data in these important regions are removed.
A Reproducible Peritonsillar Abscess Incision and Drainage Model for Junior Trainees
Authors: Marouf Azmi , Doty Samuel , Quereshy Humzah A. , Johnson Benjamin R. , Cabrera Claudia I. , Mowry Sarah , Tamaki Akina 
Published: April 2024

Objectives: To describe the design and construction of a reproducible, low-cost, peritonsillar abscess (PTA) incision and drainage simulator and assess its impact on trainees’ confidence. Methods: The 2-part simulator we developed consisted of a manikin head with a fixed, partially open mouth and a modular PTA mold. The mold is created by injecting a lotion and water mixture into plastic bubbles, followed by silicone solidification. Neodymium magnets secure the silicone-abscess packet to the manikin’s palate. The simulator was utilized during an academic otolaryngology residency training program Annual Otolaryngology Boot Camp. A self-assessment Likert scale questionnaire was used to evaluate participants’ confidence before and after simulator training. Fourth-year medical students and junior (first and second year) residents who participated in the boot camp and agreed to complete the evaluation were included. Results: Three medical students, 17 PGY-1, and 10 PGY-2 residents agreed to complete the evaluation. All trainees agreed the model was useful for learning skills. The overall post-training confidence Likert scores of participants, and PGY-1 residents in particular, significantly improved compared to their pre-training scores ( P < .001). Conclusions: Our model offers an affordable and efficient training opportunity for residents to enhance their competence in managing PTAs. This approach, with its simple yet effective design and low production cost, shows potential for scalability on a broader scale.
Circumventing Section 116 Through ‘Indirect or Devious Means’: Freedom of Religion and the Boundaries of Executive Power
Authors: Saunders Benjamin B. , Deagon Alex 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article considers how section 116 of the Australian Constitution applies to executive power. Notwithstanding that the express terms of s 116 apply only to legislative power, we argue that s 116 should be interpreted to also limit the exercise of executive power. A literal interpretation would have the effect that the Commonwealth can circumvent a constitutional limitation on legislative power through the exercise of executive power and would undermine the fundamental constitutional principle of legislative supremacy. An implication that s 116 restricts executive power in the same fashion as legislative power enhances the coherence of the Constitution as creating an integral polity and eliminates disconnect between legislative power and executive power with respect to the same subject matter.
“The Last Agricultural Frontier” – Piauí, Brazil: Agrarian Issues, Agribusiness, and the Gamela Indigenous Territory
Authors: Arantes Maria do Socorro da Silva , Medeiros Lucineide Barros 
Published: April 2024

This research paper investigates the confrontation faced by the Gamela indigenous community, located in the Cerrado biome, in the southern region Piauí State in Norteastern Brazil, between agrarian issues and agribusiness. The territory in this area is considered to be the country’s last agricultural frontier. Self-recognition and self-organization of the Gamela people in their struggle for the demarcation of Indigenous territory, and gaining titles to the land, are key to overcoming the invisibility of Indigenous people in Piauí that has been imposed by historiography and official policies. The article highlights the existence of maneuvering done by agribusiness, with the participation of the state, to harm the rights of Indigenous peoples and nature. Este trabalho de pesquisa examina o confronto enfrentado pela comunidade indígena Gamela, localizada no bioma do Cerrado, região sul do estado do Piauí, no Nordeste do Brasil, entre as questões agrárias e o agronegócio. O território desta área é considerado a última fronteira agrícola do país. O autorreconhecimento e a auto-organização do povo Gamela em sua luta pela demarcação do território indígena e pela conquista de títulos de terra são fundamentais para superar a invisibilidade dos povos indígenas no Piauí que tem sido imposta pela historiografia e pelas políticas oficiais. O artigo destaca a existência de manobras do agronegócio, com a participação do Estado, para prejudicar os direitos dos povos indígenas e da natureza.
Research Guided by the Theory of Care-Seeking Behavior: A Scoping Review
Authors: Watts Theresa , Orshak Jennifer , Ondoma Cissy , Lauver Diane 
Published: April 2024

Background: A particular Theory of Care-Seeking Behavior was developed to explain care-seeking behavior with psychosocial concepts, external conditions, and clinical and demographic factors. Having a careful review of studies based on this theory could guide future research on care-seeking behaviors. Objectives: With a scoping review: describe characteristics of studies guided by a Theory of Care-Seeking Behavior, summarize support for the relationships of proposed, explanatory variables with care-seeking behaviors, and examine support for propositions in the theory. Method: Searching 5 electronic databases, we sought studies that were: full-text, peer-reviewed, in English, data-based, guided by the theory, and published from January 1, 1992, to January 1, 2022. Results: Across 18 identified articles, the behaviors studied included: symptomatic screening (n = 8), asymptomatic screening (n = 7), and care-seeking behaviors for either screening or symptoms (n = 3). A total of 3328 adults participated in the studies. In 16 studies, all participants were female. In 60% to 83% of studies, researchers had reported findings that supported the relationships of explanatory concepts with care-seeking behavior. Among the 7 studies that tested the 2 propositions of theory, all 7 tests failed to support the proposition that clinical and demographic factors influence care-seeking behavior indirectly through psychosocial variables. Six tests supported the proposition that psychosocial variables influence behavior conditionally, on external conditions. Conclusions: Relationships of these explanatory variables with care-seeking behaviors were supported, as was 1 of 2 propositions. The Theory of Care-Seeking Behavior can be applied to new clinical situations to continue to build knowledge of the theory and understanding of care-seeking behaviors.
Effectiveness of Blended Internet-based Self-help and Face-to-face Intervention for Depression: A Pilot Study from India
Authors: Sudarshan Sindhuja , Mehrotra Seema , Thirthalli Jagadisha 
Published: April 2024

Background: Depression is a common mental health disorder with a wide treatment gap despite the availability of a number of effective treatment options. Blended interventions adopt a novel approach in combining internet-based self-help with brief face-to-face sessions thereby combining the advantages of both approaches and offering scope to address the treatment gap. The present study examined the effectiveness of a blended intervention combining the use of guided internet-based self-help with four to six face-to-face sessions in the treatment of mild to moderate depression. Method: A single group, open-label design was adopted with baseline, postintervention, and three-month follow-up assessments. The sample comprised 60 individuals with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder, dysthymia, or recurrent depressive disorder of mild or moderate severity meeting eligibility criteria. Standardized measures (self-report and clinician-rated) were used to examine the effectiveness of the intervention in reducing depression, improving functioning, self-esteem, and psychological recovery. A total of 40 participants completed the intervention and follow-up assessments. Results: Significant improvements were noted from baseline to post-assessment for both completers’ and intent-to-treat samples, with medium to large effect size on most outcome measures and maintenance of gains at follow-up. Eighty-five percent of the completers showed clinically significant improvement. Subgroups of blended intervention participants with and without pharmacotherapy showed similar outcomes. Completers were higher on interest in learning self-help skills and on the Growth subscale of psychological recovery, compared to the dropouts at baseline. Conclusion: The blended intervention demonstrated effectiveness in reducing depression and improving self-esteem, and functional and psychological recovery.