bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Maladaptive Schemas and Depression in Caregivers of Individuals With Schizophrenia Spectrum and Bipolar Disorders
Authors: Karambelas George J. , Byrne Linda K. , Allott Kelly A. , Jayasinghe Anuradhi , Watson Amity E. , Hasty Melissa , Macneil Craig , Filia Kate , Cotton Sue M. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesEarly maladaptive schemas represent unhelpful frameworks of cognitions, emotions and subsequent behavioural responses and can be associated with depressive symptoms. Caregivers of individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) frequently report experiencing depressive symptoms. It is unclear whether depressive symptoms in caregivers are influenced by schemas. We aimed to compare activated schemas in caregivers of people with schizophrenia spectrum (SSD) and bipolar disorder (BD) diagnoses and to determine whether they were differentially related to depressive symptoms.Design and MethodsCaregivers completed validated measures of depression and schemas. Independent samples t‐tests and multivariate generalised linear models were used to assess differences in schemas and depressive symptoms between caregiver groups. Interrelationships between schema domains and caregiver depressive symptoms were delineated using correlational analyses and forward stepwise regressions.ResultsOne hundred eight caregivers participated in the study (SSD n = 68, BD n = 40). No differences in depressive symptom severity or activated schemas were observed between caregiver groups. All schemas were significantly associated with depressive symptoms, and the Disconnection‐Rejection schema domain explained the most variance in depressive symptoms in both caregiver groups.ConclusionsSchemas contribute to the severity of caregiver depression regardless of whether the person receiving care is diagnosed with SSD or BD. Schema therapeutic frameworks may be beneficial for use with caregivers to address schemas within the Disconnection‐Rejection domain and alleviate depressive symptoms by reducing experiences of social isolation and alienation.
Ambient Electroreductive Carboxylation of Unactivated Alkyl Chlorides and Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Upgrading
Authors: Sarkar Prasenjit , Dash Sandeep , Krause Jeanette A. , Sinha Soumalya , Panetier Julien A. , Jiang Jianbing “Jimmy” 
Published: June 2024

AbstractElectrosynthesis of alkyl carboxylic acids upon activating stronger alkyl chlorides at low‐energy cost is desired in producing carbon‐rich feedstock. Carbon dioxide (CO2), a greenhouse gas, has been recognized as an ideal primary carbon source for those syntheses, and such events also mitigate the atmospheric CO2 level, which is already alarming. On the other hand, the promising upcycling of polyvinyl chloride to polyacrylate is a high energy‐demanding carbon‐chloride (C−Cl) bond activation process. Molecular catalysts that can efficiently perform such transformation under ambient reaction conditions are rarely known. Herein, we reveal a nickel (Ni)‐pincer complex that catalyzes the electrochemical upgrading of polyvinyl chloride to polyacrylate in 95 % yield. The activities of such a Ni electrocatalyst bearing a redox‐active ligand were also tested to convert diverse examples of unactivated alkyl chlorides to their corresponding carboxylic acid derivatives. Furthermore, electronic structure calculations revealed that CO2 binding occurs in a resting state to yield an η2‐CO2 adduct and that the C−Cl bond activation step is the rate‐determining transition state, which has an activation energy of 19.3 kcal/mol. A combination of electroanalytical methods, control experiments, and computational studies were also carried out to propose the mechanism of the electrochemical C−Cl activation process with the subsequent carboxylation step.
Experimental investigation of styrene destruction by DBD plasma and its conversion pathways
Authors: Zheng Huan , Ni Guohua , Sun Hongmei , Zhao Yanjun , Sui Siyuan , Ma Zhongyang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis work was devoted to the investigation of the contribution of various species in plasma to styrene decomposition. Different background gases (air, argon, nitrogen, and oxygen) and plasma reactor (in‐plasma, post‐plasma, and post‐plasma with buffer tube) were employed in this experiment. The results showed that degradation and polymerization of styrene occur simultaneously in the plasma treatment process. In the discharge zone, the bombardment of electrons and energetic particles on styrene and its degradation intermediates played a role in breaking its weak bond energy and promoting their conversion. The short‐lived reactive species with high oxidation potential in plasma were the prerequisite for complete degradation of styrene, due to its ability of breaking bonds with large bond energies, such as benzene ring. Away from the discharge zone, long‐lived reactive oxygen species further oxidized and degraded styrene, and its intermediates outside the discharge zone, promoting their mineralization.
Host resources and parasite traits interact to determine the optimal combination of host parasite‐mitigation strategies
Authors: Dean Andrew D. , Childs Dylan Z. , Corripio‐Miyar Yolanda , Evans Mike , Hayward Adam , Kenyon Fiona , McNally Luke , McNeilly Tom N. , Pakeman Robin J. , Sweeny Amy R. , Nussey Daniel H. , Pedersen Amy B. , Fenton Andy 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOrganisms have evolved diverse strategies to manage parasite infections. Broadly, hosts may avoid infection by altering behaviour, resist infection by targeting parasites or tolerate infection by repairing associated damage. The effectiveness of a strategy depends on interactions between, for example, resource availability, parasite traits (virulence, life‐history) and the host itself (nutritional status, immunopathology). To understand how these factors shape host parasite‐mitigation strategies, we developed a mathematical model of within‐host, parasite‐immune dynamics in the context of helminth infections. The model incorporated host nutrition and resource allocation to different mechanisms of immune response: larval parasite prevention; adult parasite clearance; damage repair (tolerance). We also considered a non‐immune strategy: avoidance via anorexia, reducing intake of infective stages. Resources not allocated to immune processes promoted host condition, whereas harm due to parasites and immunopathology diminished it. Maximising condition (a proxy for fitness), we determined optimal host investment for each parasite‐mitigation strategy, singly and combined, across different environmental resource levels and parasite trait values. Which strategy was optimal varied with scenario. Tolerance generally performed well, especially with high resources. Success of the different resistance strategies (larval prevention or adult clearance) tracked relative virulence of larval and adult parasites: slowly maturing, highly damaging larvae favoured prevention; rapidly maturing, less harmful larvae favoured clearance. Anorexia was viable only in the short term, due to reduced host nutrition. Combined strategies always outperformed any lone strategy: these were dominated by tolerance, with some investment in resistance.Choice of parasite mitigation strategy has profound consequences for hosts, impacting their condition, survival and reproductive success. We show that the efficacy of different strategies is highly dependent on timescale, parasite traits and resource availability. Models that integrate such factors can inform the collection and interpretation of empirical data, to understand how those drivers interact to shape host immune responses in natural systems.
Prevalence and prognosis of aortic valve diseases in patients hospitalized with heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Schupp Tobias , Abel Noah , Schmidberger Moritz , Höpfner Mila Kathrin , Schmitt Alexander , Reinhardt Marielen , Forner Jan , Lau Felix , Akin Muharrem , Rusnak Jonas , Akin Ibrahim , Behnes Michael 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimsData regarding the characterization and outcomes of patients with heart failure (HF) with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) is scarce. This study investigates the characteristics and prognostic impact of native aortic valve diseases (AVD) in patients with HFmrEF.Methods and resultsConsecutive patients hospitalized with HFmrEF (i.e. left ventricular ejection fraction 41–49% and signs and/or symptoms of HF) were retrospectively included at one institution from 2016 to 2022. The prognostic impact of native aortic valve stenosis (AS), aortic valve regurgitation (AR) and mixed AVD (MAVD) was investigated for the primary endpoint of long‐term all‐cause mortality during a median follow‐up of 30 months. Kaplan–Meier, univariable and multivariable Cox proportional analyses were applied. From a total of 2106 patients hospitalized with HFmrEF, the prevalence of AS and AR was 16.5% and 31.2%, respectively (MAVD 7.8%). The presence of moderate/severe AS was associated with a higher risk of long‐term all‐cause mortality (44.8% vs. 28.7%; p = 0.001) and HF‐related rehospitalization (18.6% vs. 12.0%; p = 0.001), even after multivariable adjustment (mortality: hazard ratio [HR] 1.320; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.035–1.684; p = 0.025; HF‐related rehospitalization: HR 1.570; 95% CI 1.101–2.241; p = 0.013). Interestingly, even mild AS was associated with increased risk of long‐term all‐cause mortality compared to patients without AS (HR 1.477; 95% CI 1.101–1.982; p = 0.009). In contrast, the presence of AR was not associated with long‐term outcomes after multivariable adjustment.ConclusionsThe presence of AS, but not AR, was independently associated with increased risk of all‐cause mortality and HF‐related rehospitalization in patients with HFmrEF. Even milder stages of AS were associated with impaired prognosis.
Diabetic myocardial disorder. A clinical consensus statement of the Heart Failure Association of the ESC and the ESC Working Group on Myocardial & Pericardial Diseases
Authors: Seferović Petar M. , Paulus Walter J. , Rosano Giuseppe , Polovina Marija , Petrie Mark C. , Jhund Pardeep S. , Tschöpe Carsten , Sattar Naveed , Piepoli Massimo , Papp Zoltán , Standl Eberhard , Mamas Mamas A. , Valensi Paul , Linhart Ales , Lalić Nebojša , Ceriello Antonio , Döhner Wolfram , Ristić Arsen , Milinković Ivan , Seferović Jelena , Cosentino Francesco , Metra Marco , Coats Andrew J.S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and heart failure (HF) has been firmly established; however, the entity of diabetic myocardial disorder (previously called diabetic cardiomyopathy) remains a matter of debate. Diabetic myocardial disorder was originally described as the occurrence of myocardial structural/functional abnormalities associated with T2DM in the absence of coronary heart disease, hypertension and/or obesity. However, supporting evidence has been derived from experimental and small clinical studies. Only a minority of T2DM patients are recognized as having this condition in the absence of contributing factors, thereby limiting its clinical utility. Therefore, this concept is increasingly being viewed along the evolving HF trajectory, where patients with T2DM and asymptomatic structural/functional cardiac abnormalities could be considered as having pre‐HF. The importance of recognizing this stage has gained interest due to the potential for current treatments to halt or delay the progression to overt HF in some patients. This document is an expert consensus statement of the Heart Failure Association of the ESC and the ESC Working Group on Myocardial & Pericardial Diseases. It summarizes contemporary understanding of the association between T2DM and HF and discuses current knowledge and uncertainties about diabetic myocardial disorder that deserve future research. It also proposes a new definition, whereby diabetic myocardial disorder is defined as systolic and/or diastolic myocardial dysfunction in the presence of diabetes. Diabetes is rarely exclusively responsible for myocardial dysfunction, but usually acts in association with obesity, arterial hypertension, chronic kidney disease and/or coronary artery disease, causing additive myocardial impairment.
Activation of Peroxodisulfate Coupled with Photocatalysis by Pyrrolic N‐Rich Fe‐N4 Sites for High Efficiency Degradation of Tetracycline Hydrochloride
Authors: Mao Wenkang , Ju Jinjing , Li Dan , Wu Daishe , Xu Feigao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPhotocatalysis is an efficient technology for the degradation of pollutants. However, there is still much room for improvement in its degradation efficiency. In this study, a pyrrolic N‐rich g‐C3N4 (PN‐g‐C3N4) framework was synthesized with transition metal M (M=Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Cr, and Mn) atomic sites coordinated onto it. Then, a series of single atomic metals M anchored to PN‐g‐C3N4 (M/PN‐g‐C3N4) are constructed for peroxodisulfate activation. Their order of catalytic activity follows Fe>Cr>Ni>Cu≈Co>Mn, in particular the degradation rates of the TCH for Fe‐PN‐g‐C3N4 are 3.74 times higher than that of undoped PN‐g‐C3N4. These carefully regulated pyrrolic N‐rich Fe sites demonstrate outstanding performance in degrading organic pollutant. As an exemplary model, the Fe/PN‐g‐C3N4 catalyst efficiently drives the catalytic oxidation of TCH through Fenton‐like reaction under visible light, showcasing exceptional cycle stability and a broad effective pH range of 3.0–11.0. The synergy between photocatalysis and Fe doped catalysis results in increased generation and separation of charge carriers, along with the cyclic transformation of the Fe3+/Fe2+ couple. This combination significantly enhances the Fenton‐like performance, making it a highly effective process for pollutant degradation.
Effects of intrinsic and extrinsic growth factors on virulence gene expression of foodborne pathogens in vitro and in food model systems; a review
Authors: Hosseini Hedayat , Mahmoudi Razzagh , Pakbin Babak , Manafi Leila , Hosseini Setayesh , Pilevar Zahra , Brück Wolfram Manuel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSince foodborne diseases are one of the major causes of human hospitalization and death, one of the main challenges to food safety is the elimination or reduction of pathogens from food products throughout the food production chain. Pathogens, such as Salmonella species, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium species, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter species, etc., enter the consumer's body through the consumption of contaminated food and eventually cause disease, disability, and death in humans. In particular, the expression of virulence genes of these pathogens in various food environments containing them has been repeatedly reported, which is a key issue for the survival and pathogenicity of the pathogen. Hence, in this review, the interventions to prevent and control foodborne diseases, such as the application of natural preservatives, redox potential, heat treatments, high‐pressure processing, and gaseous atmosphere, are discussed based on the literature. Moreover, the effects of various environmental conditions on bacterial gene expression are comprehensively reviewed. In conclusion, the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on the growth and pathogenicity of bacteria are very complicated. The information obtained from the current study can be used to develop new control strategies, improve food safety, and ensure human health.
Rethinking institutional arbitrage: De jure exposure and de facto enforcement
Authors: Xu Jian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractResearch SummaryThis article disentangles the de jure and de facto dimensions of institutional distances to examine their impact on firms embedded across heterogeneous jurisdictions. I argue that significant transaction costs occur only when the de facto implementations of regulations from both home and foreign jurisdictions become irreconcilable. Using an original dataset of the enforcement actions of the US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), I find that institutional arbitrage becomes infeasible for non‐US‐based firms with de jure exposure to the FCPA when the de facto judicial constraints over bureaucratic discretion are weak in these firms' home countries targeted by FCPA enforcement. De facto FCPA enforcement makes such US‐listed firms more likely to divest from their home markets or voluntarily delist from US stock markets.Managerial SummaryMangers should consider the divergence or convergence between the de jure and de facto dimensions of institutional distance in evaluating their international business strategies. In analyzing the operational obstacles for engaging in cross‐jurisdictional activities, notably institutional arbitrage schemes, managers should realize that such obstacles do not simply arise from contradictions in officially stipulated regulations, but also from whether and the extent to which such de jure contradictions are activated. Assessing the feasibility of corporate political activities and other legally ambiguous nonmarket strategies as risk‐mitigation measures thus needs to take into account this distinction. MNEs' global strategies should also recognize the increasingly intertwined national and supranational legal systems and their interactions as sources of operational risks.
Quantitative susceptibility mapping in the brain reflects spatial expression of genes involved in iron homeostasis and myelination
Authors: Cohen Zoe , Lau Laurance , Ahmed Maruf , Jack Clifford R. , Liu Chunlei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractQuantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is an MRI modality used to non‐invasively measure iron content in the brain. Iron exhibits a specific anatomically varying pattern of accumulation in the brain across individuals. The highest regions of accumulation are the deep grey nuclei, where iron is stored in paramagnetic molecule ferritin. This form of iron is considered to be what largely contributes to the signal measured by QSM in the deep grey nuclei. It is also known that QSM is affected by diamagnetic myelin contents. Here, we investigate spatial gene expression of iron and myelin related genes, as measured by the Allen Human Brain Atlas, in relation to QSM images of age‐matched subjects. We performed multiple linear regressions between gene expression and the average QSM signal within 34 distinct deep grey nuclei regions. Our results show a positive correlation (p < .05, corrected) between expression of ferritin and the QSM signal in deep grey nuclei regions. We repeated the analysis for other genes that encode proteins thought to be involved in the transport and storage of iron in the brain, as well as myelination. In addition to ferritin, our findings demonstrate a positive correlation (p < .05, corrected) between the expression of ferroportin, transferrin, divalent metal transporter 1, several gene markers of myelinating oligodendrocytes, and the QSM signal in deep grey nuclei regions. Our results suggest that the QSM signal reflects both the storage and active transport of iron in the deep grey nuclei regions of the brain.
The propagation of business expectations within the European Union
Authors: Sebbesen Anja , Oberhofer Harald 
Published: June 2024

SummaryThis paper empirically investigates the propagation of firm expectations within the European Union (EU). To this end, we combine information from EU‐wide official business surveys with input–output data. Econometrically, we model interdependencies in economic activities via input–output linkages and apply space‐time models with common factors. The resulting evidence provides indication for the existence of substantial spillover effects in expectation formation. They are transmitted both upstream and downstream the European value chain, but the latter channel matters more.
A retrospective cohort study and review of the literature about germline mosaicism in Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy prenatal counseling: How to estimate the recurrence risk in clinical settings?
Authors: Verebi Camille , Gravrand Victor , Bienvenu Thierry , Leturcq France , Nectoux Juliette 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) are the most common inherited neuromuscular diseases. Following the identification of a pathogenic causative variant in the DMD gene of a proband, potential carriers can be informed of their risk of having offspring with the disease. Germline mosaicism is a variant that is confined to the gonads that can be transmitted to offspring and is usually reported when a non‐carrier of a DMD pathogenic variant has two or more offspring carrying the variant in question. On average, one third of cases are the result of a de novo variant, and as DMD and BMD are prone to germline mosaicism, its inclusion in genetic counseling is mandatory. In this retrospective cohort study, we presented clinical data from an unpublished DMD/BMD cohort of 332 families with incidence of germline mosaicism in families with de novo transmission of 8.1%. This is also the first systematic literature review searching PubMed to provide an accurate assessment of the current literature on germline mosaicism in DMD and BMD, including 17 case reports and 20 original studies. The incidence of documented germline mosaicism in de novo event families ranged from 6.0 to 40%, with a mean of 8.3%. The estimated recurrence risk for mothers of a patient with a proven de novo causal variant ranged from 4.3 to 11%, with a mean of 5.8% for a male fetus. By providing an up‐to‐date and comprehensive overview of the literature, this review aims to improve our understanding of germline mosaicism in DMD and to promote the development of effective strategies and reliable data for occurrence risk assessment in genetic counseling of de novo event families.
Ramifications of leaders' unethical pro‐organizational behavior on employees: Dual‐stage moderation of ethical mindset
Authors: Cai Yahua , Zheng Weili , Schuh Sebastian C. , Lin Xiaowan 
Published: June 2024

SummaryAlthough leaders' unethical pro‐organizational behavior (UPB) have been identified as one of the key drivers of employees' unethical actions in organizations, our understanding of when and why leader UPB unfolds these adverse effects is still at an early stage. By integrating social cognitive theory with the literature on ethical mindset, the present research sheds light on the cognitive processes and boundary conditions that underpin the effects of leader UPB on followers. We argue that leader UPB may undermine followers' moral efficacy, which in turn translates into heightened follower UPB and general unethical behaviors (UBs). More importantly, we propose that ethical mindset moderates the two stages of the processes, such that followers' outcome‐based ethical mindset weakens the effects of leader UPB on follower moral efficacy but strengthens the link between follower moral efficacy and their UPB and UB. The results of two field studies and one experiment provide consistent support for the hypothesized model. Theoretical and practical implications as well as avenues for future research are discussed.