bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transition of Care for Young Adult Survivors of Childhood and Adolescent Cancer: Rationale and Approaches
Authors: Freyer David R. 
Published: March 2010

Purpose Young adult survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer are an ever-growing population of patients, many of whom remain at lifelong risk for potentially serious complications of their cancer therapy. Yet research shows that many of these older survivors have deficient health-related knowledge and are not engaging in recommended health promotion and screening practices that could improve their long-term outcomes. The purpose of this review is to address these disparities by discussing how formal transition of care from pediatric to adult-focused survivorship services may help meet the unique medical, developmental, and psychosocial challenges of these young adults. Design Literature review and discussion. Results This article summarizes current research documenting the medical needs of young adult survivors, their suboptimal compliance with recommended follow-up, and the rationale, essential functions, current models, and innovative approaches for transition of follow-up care. Conclusion Systematic health care transition constitutes the standard of care for young adult survivors of childhood cancer. In developing a transitional care program, it is necessary to consider the scope of services to be provided, available resources, and other local exigencies that help determine the optimal model for use. Additional research is needed to improve health services delivery to this population. Effective advocacy is needed, particularly in the United States, to ensure the availability of uninterrupted health insurance coverage for survivorship services in young adulthood.
Acting Inca: The Parameters of National Belonging in Early Twentieth-Century Bolivia
Authors: Kuenzli E. Gabrielle 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
This article focuses on the connection between Aymara indigenous communities, Liberal intellectuals, and the nation-building process in late nineteenth and early twentieth-century Bolivia. The Liberal intellectuals’ designs of nation in early twentieth-century Bolivia were shaped in part by the actions and political initiatives of the very “Indians” the intellectuals sought to categorize, define, and contain. Somewhat paradoxically, the national intellectuals and the local Aymara elite unwittingly collaborated in the construction of a preferred Indian identity, the Inca, to create a noble and progressive past for the nation and to marginalize the undesirable, non-elite Aymara indigenous population in the wake of the 1899 Civil War between Liberals and Conservatives. The process of narrating the native past was of importance to national intellectuals as well as to native peoples. Several types of sources inform these late nineteenth and early twentieth-century discourses of nation building, including judicial court cases, archival documentation, and theatrical performance. The narrative of the indigenous past and the role of the actual Indian population within the Bolivian nation in the early twentieth century was a site of negotiation located at the center of national politics, establishing the foundation for a nation that would maintain differentiated constructions of Indian identity at its core.
Cross‐cultural validation of the Cardiac Depression Scale in Iran
Authors: Gholizadeh Leila. , Salamonson Yenna. , Davidson Patricia M. , Parvan Kobra. , Frost Steven A. , Chang Sungwon. , Hare David L. 
Published: March 2010

Background. The Cardiac Depression Scale (CDS) is a disease‐specific instrument for measuring depression in cardiac patients. This study was designed to validate the CDS in an Iranian population.Methods. Translation and back‐translation of the 26‐item CDS scale was performed using recommended procedures. The Iranian translation of the CDS (I‐CDS) was administered to 261 individuals in Iran, concurrently with the Beck Depression Inventory. The factor structure of the I‐CDS was examined using exploratory factor analysis procedures to enable comparison with previous psychometric evaluation of the CDS. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to examine the ability of the I‐CDS to discriminate between categories of depression.Results. First‐order exploratory factor analysis uncovered two robust factors, consistent with the second‐order dimensions originally reported by the developers of this instrument. Cronbach's alpha was .88 for the total 26‐item I‐CDS, indicating satisfactory internal consistency of the I‐CDS. Intercorrelation between the total scores for the I‐CDS and BDI was .62 (p<.001). For the I‐CDS cut‐off of 90, the sensitivity was 85%, and specificity was 61% with a computed area under the curve (AUC) of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.76–0.87). For the I‐CDS cut‐off of 100, the sensitivity was 81%, and specificity was 63% with a computed AUC of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.76–0.87).Conclusion. This validation study of the Iranian version of the CDS demonstrated that it is an acceptable, reliable, and valid measure of depression in people with heart disease.
Effect of Sialylated O-Glycans in Pro–Brain Natriuretic Peptide Stability
Authors: Jiang Jingjing , Pristera Nicole , Wang Wei , Zhang Xiumei , Wu Qingyu 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Background: Atrial, brain, and C-type natriuretic peptides (ANP, BNP, and CNP) are important in regulating a variety of cardiovascular and cellular functions. In cells, these peptides are made as proforms that are converted to mature forms. BNP and its related peptides are biomarkers for the diagnosis of heart failure. In this study, we examined glycosylation in pro-ANP, pro-BNP, and pro-CNP, which may alter their biochemical and metabolic properties.
Methods: Human pro-ANP, pro-BNP, and pro-CNP were expressed in HEK 293 cells and murine HL-1 cardiomyocytes and analyzed by immunoprecipitation and Western blotting. We used deglycosylation enzymes to determine the carbohydrate content on these peptides and examined the effects of inhibiting O-glycosylation on cellular expression and stability of the peptides.
Results: In HEK 293 and HL-1 cells, pro-BNP, but not pro-ANP and pro-CNP, from the culture medium had a greater molecular mass than that from cell lysate. Digestion with PNGase F, O-glycosidase, and sialidase A indicated that pro-BNP contained O-glycans but not N-glycans. The O-glycans on pro-BNP had sialic acids at their termini, protecting it from O-glycosidase digestion. In contrast, pro-ANP and pro-CNP contained no detectable amounts of N- or O-glycans. Inhibition of O-glycosylation on pro-BNP did not prevent its expression in the cells. However, partially O-glycosylated pro-BNP was much less stable than fully O- glycosylated pro-BNP.
Conclusions: O-glycosylation is not necessary for pro-BNP expression but important for its stability.
Is Otomí creating a new lexical class for the modification of noun phrases as a result of the contact with Spanish?
Authors: Bakker Dik , Hekking Ewald 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
In this contribution we seek support for the hypothesis that Otomí, a language from Mexico, which is in intense contact with Spanish, is developing a specialized set of adjectives, a category that is lacking from the classical language. Arguments are derived from two sources, a corpus of translations into Otomí of around 750 Spanish adjectives, and a corpus of 59 short texts in spoken Otomí, in which a number of Spanish adjectives were found as loanwords. Pointing out several changes in the contemporary language, mainly among younger, often bilingual speakers, we provide support for our hypothesis, which suggests that Otomí is undergoing a typological change.
Code switching in Sia Pedee story-telling
Authors: Gómez Rendón Jorge 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
This article deals with code switching in a corpus of narratives collected in Sia Pedee (Chocoan) among the Épera of the northern Pacific coast of Ecuador. The reinsertion of Sia Pedee in the nowadays dominant Spanish-speaking ethnic community has resulted in older speakers making use of code switching as a way to flag their ethnic identity and index their attitudes towards propositional content. While code switching seems to be inducing certain incipient changes in Sia Pedee, the seriously endangered state of the native language would prevent those changes from taking definite shape. Similarly, the diglossic condition of Sia Pedee before Spanish is preventing the crystallization of a systematic pattern of language mixing.
Adrenocortical carcinoma: is the surgical approach a risk factor of peritoneal carcinomatosis?
Authors: Leboulleux S , Deandreis D , Al Ghuzlan A , Aupérin A , Goéré D , Dromain C , Elias D , Caillou B , Travagli J P , De Baere T , Lumbroso J , Young J , Schlumberger M , Baudin E 
Published: March 2010

ContextPeritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is a rare site of distant metastases in patients with adrenocortical cancer (ACC). One preliminary study suggests an increased risk of PC after laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) for ACC.ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to search for risk factors of PC including surgical approach.DesignThis was a retrospective cohort study conducted in an institutional practice.PatientsSixty-four consecutive patients with ACC seen at our institution between 2003 and 2009 were included. Mean tumor size was 132 mm. Patients had stage I disease in 2 cases, stage II disease in 32 cases, stage III disease in 7 cases, stage IV disease in 21 cases, and unknown stage disease in 2 cases. Surgery was open in 58 cases and laparoscopic in 6 cases.Main outcomeThe main outcome was the risk factors of PC.ResultsPC occurred in 18 (28%) patients. It was present at initial diagnosis in three cases and occurred during follow-up in 15 cases. The only risk factor of PC occurring during follow-up was the surgical approach with a 4-year rate of PC of 67% (95% confidence interval (CI), 30–90%) for LA and 27% (95% CI, 15–44%) for open adrenalectomy (P=0.016). Neither tumor size, stage, functional status, completeness of surgery, nor plasma level of op'DDD was associated with the occurrence of PC.ConclusionWe found an increased risk of PC after LA for ACC. Whether this is related to an inappropriate surgical approach or to insufficient experience in ACC surgery should be clarified by a prospective program.
Head Injury Depth as an Indicator of Causes and Mechanisms
Authors: Hymel Kent P. , Stoiko Michael A. , Herman Bruce E. , Combs Amy , Harper Nancy S. , Lowen Deborah , Deye Katherine P. , Homa Karen , Blackman James A. 
Published: March 2010

Objective:The goal was to measure differences in the causes, mechanisms, acute clinical presentations, injuries, and outcomes of children &lt;36 months of age with varying “greatest depths” of acute cranial injury.Methods:Children &lt;36 months of age who were hospitalized with acute head trauma were recruited at multiple sites. Clinical and imaging data were collected, and caregivers underwent scripted interviews. Neurodevelopmental evaluations were completed 6 months after injury. Head trauma causes were categorized independently, and subject groups with varying greatest depths of injury were compared.Results:Fifty-four subjects were enrolled at 9 sites. Twenty-seven subjects underwent follow-up neurodevelopmental assessments 6 months after injury. Greatest depth of visible injury was categorized as scalp, skull, or epidural for 20 subjects, subarachnoid or subdural for 13, cortical for 10, and subcortical for 11. Compared with subjects with more-superficial injuries, subjects with subcortical injuries more frequently had been abused (odds ratio [OR]: 35.6; P &lt; .001), more frequently demonstrated inertial injuries (P &lt; .001), more frequently manifested acute respiratory (OR: 43.9; P &lt; .001) and/or circulatory (OR: 60.0; P &lt; .001) compromise, acute encephalopathy (OR: 28.5; P = .003), prolonged impairments of consciousness (OR: 8.4; P = .002), interhemispheric subdural hemorrhage (OR: 10.1; P = .019), and bilateral brain hypoxia, ischemia, or swelling (OR: 241.6; P &lt; .001), and had lower Mental Developmental Index (P = .006) and Gross Motor Quotient (P &lt; .001) scores 6 months after injury.Conclusion:For children &lt;3 years of age, head injury depth is a useful indicator of injury causes and mechanisms.
The Effects of Hardness Variation on a CMP Model of Copper thin Films
Authors: Bonivel Joseph , Williams Yusuf , Blitz Sarah , Kuo Micheal , Kumar Ashok 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWith the rapid change of materials systems and decreased feature size, thin film microstructure and mechanical properties have become critical parameters for microelectronics reliability. An example of a major driver of this new technology is the data storage community who is pushing for 1 Terabit/square inch on its magnetic disk hard drives. This requires inherent knowledge of the mechanical properties of materials and in depth understanding of the tribological phenomena involved in the manufacturing process. Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is a semi-conductor manufacturing process used to remove or planarize ultra-thin metallic, dielectric, or barrier films (copper) on silicon wafers. The material removal rate (MRR), which ultimately effects the surface topography, corresponding to CMP is given by the standard Preston Equation, which contains the load applied, the velocity of the pad, the Preston coefficient which includes chemical dependencies, and the hardness of the material. Typically the hardness, a bulk material constant, is taken as a constant throughout the wafer and thereby included in the Preston coefficient. Through metallurgy studies, on the micro and nano scale, it has been proven that the hardness is dependent upon grain size and orientation. This research served to first relate the crystallographic orientation to a specific hardness value and secondly use the hardness variation in the previously developed particle augmented mixed-lubrication (PAML) model to simulate the surface topography and MRR during CMP. Recent test and results show that currently there is no empirical formula to relate the crystallographic orientation and thereby a critically resolved shear stress (CRSS) to a specific hardness value. The second part of this investigation utilized the variation in hardness values from the initial study and incorporated these results into the PAML numerical model that incorporates all the physics of chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). Incorporation of the variation of hardness resulted in a surface topography with a difference in roughness (Ra) from the bulk constant hardness value of 60 nm. The material removal rate (MRR) of the process differs by 2.17 μm3/s.
Novel End-point Detection Method by Monitoring Shear Force Oscillation Frequency for Barrier Metal Polishing in Advanced LSI
Authors: Gu Xun , Nemoto Takenao , Sampurno Yasa Adi , Cheng Jiang , Theng Sian Nie , Philipossian Ara , Zhuang Yun , Teramoto Akinobu , Ito Takashi , Sugawa Shigetoshi , Ohmi Tadahiro 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA novel end-point detection method based on a combination of shear force and its spectral amplitude was proposed for barrier metal polishing on copper damascene structures. Under some polishing conditions, the shear force changed significantly with polished substrate. On the other hand, the change in shear force was insignificant under certain polishing conditions. Therefore, a complementary end-point detection method by monitoring oscillation frequency of shear force was proposed. It was found that the shear force fluctuated in unique frequencies depending on polished substrates. Using Fast Fourier Transformation, the shear force data was converted from time domain to frequency domain. The amplitude of spectral frequencies corresponding to the rotational rate of wafer carrier and platen was monitored. Significant frequency amplitude changes were observed before, during and after the polished layer transition from barrier film to silicon dioxide film. The results indicated that a combination of shear force and its spectral amplitude analyses provided effective end-point detection for barrier CMP process.
First-principles Study of PdAu Segregation with CO Coverage
Authors: Shan Bin , Hyun Jangsuk , Kapur Neeti , Cho Kyeongjae 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAlloying has been one of the strategies to develop alternatives to Pt based CO oxidation catalyst. PdAu bimetallic alloy has recently been shown to have better reactivity and thermal stability toward CO oxidation for diesel engine applications as compared to pure metal catalysts. The key factor for low temperature light off in diesel engine catalysis is reactivity of alloy catalysts under CO environment, which in turn depends on the alloy surface composition and morphology. We explored the segregation processes in bimetallic Pd-Au alloy using first-principles calculations, assisted by a Monte-Carlo (MC) scheme that combines an improved Embedded Atom Method (EAM) and an atomistic treatment for adsorbed CO molecules for searching low energy states. Our simulation results show that PdAu surface changes from Au-rich to Pd-rich with increase in CO coverage up to 0.75 ML, beyond which additional CO adsorption is no longer favorable. A quantitative relationship between CO coverage and Pd concentrations on the surface is also revealed.
The Formation of Self-Assembled Nanowire Arrays on Ge(001): a DFT Study of Pt Induced Nanowire Arrays
Authors: Vanpoucke Danny Eric Paul , Brocks Geert 
Published: March 2010

AbstractNanowire (NW) arrays form spontaneously after high temperature annealing of a sub monolayer deposition of Pt on a Ge(001) surface. These NWs are a single atom wide, with a length limited only by the underlying beta-terrace to which they are uniquely connected. Using ab-initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations we study possible geometries of the NWs and substrate. Direct comparison to experiment is made via calculated scanning tunneling microscope (STM) images. Based on these images, geometries for the beta-terrace and the NWs are identified, and a formation path for the nanowires as function of increasing local Pt density is presented. We show the beta-terrace to be a dimer row surface reconstruction with a checkerboard pattern of Ge-Ge and Pt-Ge dimers. Most remarkably, comparison of calculated to experimental STM images shows the NWs to consist of germanium atoms embedded in the Pt-lined troughs of the underlying surface, contrary to what was assumed previously in experiments.
Theoretical and Experimental Study of Tip Electronic Structure in Scanning Tunneling Microscope
Authors: Choi HeeSung , Huang Min , Ballard Joshua B , He Kevin T , Schmucker Scott W , Lyding Joseph N , Randall John N , Cho Kyeongjae 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe atomic and electronic structures of pyramidal model STM tips of transition metals (W, Rh, Pd, Ir and Pt) were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) method. The calculated density of states show that d electrons of the apex atoms in the M4 (M = W, Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt) model tips behave differently near the Fermi level, with the dz2 state being dominant only for W tip. The electronic structures of pyramid structures of W and Pd single-atom tips with larger sizes are studied and compared. The density of states of Pd apex atom and W apex atom show different occupation of d-bands leading to asymmetric density of states for Pd tip. The asymmetric tunneling currents measured by W and Pt-Ir STM tips are explained by the calculated electronic structures of W and Pd model tips.
Numerical Formulation of the Effective Medium Approximation: Illustrative Examples and Application to Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Graf Peter , Kose Muhammet , Kim Kwiseon 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe effective medium approximation (EMA) approach to calculating the macroscopic properties of disordered materials from an average of microscopic interactions is logically divided into two parts. First, an expression based on the microscale physics of constituents embedded in the effective medium is derived. Second, a configurational average of some sort over is performed, leading to an equation for an effective parameter, which is then solved. Based on this division, we present a numerical approach to the EMA in which the effective parameter ?e satisfies
g(ξe) = <f(σ,ξe)> = ∫ f(σ,ξe)ρ(σ)dσ = 0.
Here, σ represents possible configurations of the system, i.e. some variable of the physical formulation with respect to which we have knowledge of both i) microscale interactions and ii) the distribution of constituents; f represents our knowledge of the microscale interactions as a function of σ; and ρ represents our knowledge of the distribution of the configurations/constituents with respect to σ. Then g is the expectation of f. The equation says that the average of the microscale interactions embodied in f, which is a function of the effective parameter ξe, over the possible configurations of the system represented by ρ(σ), is zero. This equation allows us to determine the effective parameter ξe, which, for example, we can compare to experiment, or use in a drift/diffusion type of macroscopic simulation. A key point is that our explicit formulation allows specifying ρ and f numerically (e.g. via Monte Carlo simulation).We present both simple illustrative examples, as well as a realistic application to hopping transport in organic photovoltaics simulation. Preliminary results from this numerical EMA match experimental data remarkably well.
Impact of the Surrounding Network on the Si-O Bond-Breakage Energetics
Authors: Tyaginov Stanislav , Sverdlov Viktor , Gös Wolfgang , Scwaha Philipp , Heinzl Rene , Stimpfl Franz , Grasser Tibor 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe extend the McPherson Model for silicon-oxygen bond-breakage derived for a single SiO4 tetrahedron to capture the influence of the whole lattice. Several pair-wise potentials have been compared in the model including Mie-Grüneisen as well as diverse forms of TTAM/BKS. The contribution of the whole lattice substantially increases the activation energy for the Si-O bond rupture. The corresponding small transition rate of a non-distorted Si-O bond suggests that the interaction with the electric field alone can not be responsible for the bond-breakage and the contribution of other components such as energy delivered by particles and/or bond weakening is required.ü