bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ectopic expression of MYB46 identifies transcriptional regulatory genes involved in secondary wall biosynthesis in Arabidopsis
Authors: Ko Jae‐Heung , Kim Won‐Chan , Han Kyung‐Hwan 
Published: August 2009

SummaryMYB46 functions as a transcriptional switch that turns on the genes necessary for secondary wall biosynthesis. Elucidating the transcriptional regulatory network immediately downstream of MYB46 is crucial to our understanding of the molecular and biochemical processes involved in the biosynthesis and deposition of secondary walls in plants. To gain insights into MYB46‐mediated transcriptional regulation, we first established an inducible secondary wall thickening system in Arabidopsis by expressing MYB46 under the control of dexamethasone‐inducible promoter. Then, we used an ATH1 GeneChip microarray and Illumina digital gene expression system to obtain a series of transcriptome profiles with regard to the induction of secondary wall development. These analyses allowed us to identify a group of transcription factors whose expression coincided with or preceded the induction of secondary wall biosynthetic genes. A transient transcriptional activation assay was used to confirm the hierarchical relationships among the transcription factors in the network. The in vivo assay showed that MYB46 transcriptionally activates downstream target transcription factors, three of which (AtC3H14, MYB52 and MYB63) were shown to be able to activate secondary wall biosynthesis genes. AtC3H14 activated the transcription of all of the secondary wall biosynthesis genes tested, suggesting that AtC3H14 may be another master regulator of secondary wall biosynthesis. The transcription factors identified here may include direct activators of secondary wall biosynthesis genes. The present study discovered novel hierarchical relationships among the transcription factors involved in the transcriptional regulation of secondary wall biosynthesis, and generated several testable hypotheses.
Growth and nutritive value of cassava (Manihot esculenta Cranz.) are reduced when grown in elevated CO2
Authors: Gleadow Roslyn M. , Evans John R. , McCaffery Stephanie , Cavagnaro Timothy R. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractGlobal food security in a changing climate depends on both the nutritive value of staple crops as well as their yields. Here, we examined the direct effect of atmospheric CO2 on cassava (Manihot esculenta Cranz., manioc), a staple for 750 million people worldwide. Cassava is poor in nutrients and contains high levels of cyanogenic glycosides that break down to release toxic hydrogen cyanide when damaged. We grew cassava at three concentrations of CO2 (Ca: 360, 550 and 710 ppm) supplied together with nutrient solution containing either 1 mM or 12 mM nitrogen. We found that total plant biomass and tuber yield (number and mass) decreased linearly with increasing Ca. In the worst‐case scenario, tuber mass was reduced by an order of magnitude in plants grown at 710 ppm compared with 360 ppm CO2. Photosynthetic parameters were consistent with the whole plant biomass data. It is proposed that since cassava stomata are highly sensitive to other environmental variables, the decrease in assimilation observed here might, in part, be a direct effect of CO2 on stomata. Total N (used here as a proxy for protein content) and cyanogenic glycoside concentrations of the tubers were not significantly different in the plants grown at elevated CO2. By contrast, the concentration of cyanogenic glycosides in the edible leaves nearly doubled in the highest Ca. If leaves continue to be used as a protein supplement, they will need to be more thoroughly processed in the future. With increasing population density, declining soil fertility, expansion into marginal farmland, together with the predicted increase in extreme climatic events, reliance on robust crops such as cassava will increase. The responses to CO2 shown here point to the possibility that there could be severe food shortages in the coming decades unless CO2 emissions are dramatically reduced, or alternative cultivars or crops are developed.
Canopy CO2 exchange of sugar beet under different CO2 concentrations and nitrogen supply: results from a free‐air CO2 enrichment study
Authors: Burkart S. , Manderscheid R. , Weigel H.‐J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSugar beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. altissima Döll) was grown in the field under free‐air CO2 enrichment (FACE, 550 ppm) and different nitrogen (N) supply (2001: 126 (N100) and 63 kg·ha−1 (N50); 2004: 156 (N100) and 75 kg·ha−1) during two crop rotations. Canopy CO2 exchange rates (CCER) were measured during the main growth phase (leaf area index ≥2) using a dynamic chamber system. Canopy CO2 exchange data were analysed with respect to treatment effects on seasonal means and light use efficiency and light response characteristics. CO2 enrichment enhanced CCER throughout the season. However, in both years, CCER declined after the second half of August independent of radiation and [CO2]. Elevated [CO2] strongly stimulated CCER on a seasonal basis, whereas the reduction of CCER caused by low N was below 10% and not significant. There were no effects of N on daily radiation use efficiency of carbon gain calculated from CCER data, but a strong enhancement by CO2 enrichment. CCER closely tracked diurnal variations in incident photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD, μmol·m−2·s−1). The relationship between CCER and incident PPFD was curvilinear. In both seasons, initial slopes and maximum rates (CCERmax) were determined from two 6‐day periods using these relationships. The first period was measured after canopy closure (first half of July) and the second in the second half of August. In the first period, elevated [CO2] increased the initial slopes. Low N supply affected neither the initial slopes nor their response to elevated [CO2] in either period. In contrast to initial slopes, N stress limited the [CO2] response of CCERmax in the first period. In the second period, however, this interaction of [CO2] and N on CCERmax was completely dominated by a general decline of CCERmax whereas no general decline of the initial slopes occurred in the second period. This response of light response parameters to [CO2] and N suggests that, in sugar beet, the decline of CCER in the late season may rely on limiting mechanisms such as photosynthetic acclimation responses to elevated [CO2] caused by sink limitations.
Two‐year‐olds are vigilant of others’ non‐verbal cues to credibility
Authors: Birch Susan A. J. , Akmal Nazanin , Frampton Kristen L. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractData from three experiments provide the first evidence that children, at least as young as age two, are vigilant of others’ non‐verbal cues to credibility, and flexibly use these cues to facilitate learning. Experiment 1 revealed that 2‐ and 3‐year‐olds prefer to learn about objects from someone who appears, through non‐verbal cues, to be confident in performing actions on those objects than from someone who appears uncertain when performing actions on those objects. Experiment 2 revealed that when 2‐year‐olds observe only one model perform a single action, either confidently or unconfidently, they do not use the model’s level of confidence in this single instance to influence their learning. Experiment 3 revealed that 2‐year‐olds will use a single model’s level of confidence to guide their learning if they have observed that the model has a history of being either consistently confident or consistently uncertain. These findings reveal that young children selectively alter their learning based on others’ non‐verbal cues of credibility, and underscore the importance of an early sensitivity to socio‐cognitive cues for human learning and development.
Master‐planned residential developments: Beyond iconic spaces of neoliberalism?
Authors: McGuirk Pauline , Dowling Robyn 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMaster‐planned residential development has proliferated as a new residential phenomenon in metropolitan areas globally. The trend, the new governance mechanisms it entails and resultant forms of urban development have been critically theorised as products and vectors of neoliberalisation and iconic spaces of the neoliberal city. However, tracing the emergence and enactment of master‐planned residential estate (MPRE) development in Sydney, Australia, this paper suggests that more contingent and contextualised theorisations of such spaces can reveal possibilities for animating a different politics of MPREs. Deploying theorisation sensitive to the multiple drivers, logics and political projects played out through MPRE development in situated contexts, the paper traces the political genesis of these developments in Sydney, outlines the multiple drivers and logics accounting for their growing popularity and points to the salience of the complex performance of land and housing markets in their production. The post‐structural political economy approach used here to investigate MPRE development can overcome the politically constraining effects of the dominant neoliberal critique. It does so, first, by opening analysis up to the importance of logics, actions and contexts that are irreducible to neoliberalism and, second, by gesturing towards the potential for an alternative politics to be animated through mechanisms, techniques and processes of MPRE development habitually associated with neoliberalism.
‘Rooms and moments’ in neoliberalising policy trajectories of metropolitan Auckland, New Zealand: Towards constituting progressive spaces through post‐structural political economy
Authors: Le Heron Richard 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis paper seeks to open up what economic geographers think they can do as academics engaging in the policy realm. It draws on the author's role as an academic and his policy persona as academic expert and academic with expertise that has been guided by post‐structural political economy (PSPE) thinking. It is Auckland‐centred, situated in three trajectories: PSPE thought and practice developing at the University of Auckland, the Auckland Regional Economic Development Strategy (AREDS) trajectory of the Auckland Regional Council and Auckland City Council's sustainability trajectory. The paper recovers in PSPE terms dimensions of two 2006 policy moments, those of the Metropolitan Auckland Project (MAP) and the Mayoral Taskforce on Sustainable Development (MTSD), in which the author participated. Placing intellectual (PSPE) and policy trajectories (growth and sustainability) into conversation allows a unique exploration of co‐constitutive dimensions between academy and policy worlds. Conceptually and methodologically, the moments in the policy trajectories are accessed by (i) analytic description of the policy trajectory from the outside in terms of academic understandings of institutional processes and (ii) in‐the‐room deliberations about policy decision possibilities. New insights about academy‐policy relations emerge from the PSPE focus on rooms and moments.
On the economic interdependence between China and Japan: Challenges and possibilities
Authors: Alvstam Claes G. , Ström Patrik , Yoshino Naoyuki 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe paper presents an analysis of the economic relationship between the two most important economies in Asia. Over the last decades, the Chinese and Japanese economies have become more economically interdependent, a development which will, in the long run, impact the countries' political relationship. The paper seeks to answer the question: How can China and Japan gain from the current economic situation, further enhance their relationship and increase their synergies for regional economic development? Data on trade and Foreign Direct Investment are used in combination with primary data from interviews with Japanese and Chinese companies on how they perceive the current business situation and future potential. The result of the data analysis shows that the countries have much to gain from their economic interdependence. The firms see great potential in their respective markets but are concerned about political turbulence. Three possible scenarios for the future economic relationship are presented, including fierce competition on all markets and a leveraging of resources for mutual development between Chinese and Japanese companies.
Public intervention, private aspiration: Gated communities and the condominisation of housing landscapes in Singapore
Authors: Pow Choon‐Piew 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWhile the proliferation of gated communities worldwide has generated great interests and debates, the emergence of gated communities is by no means a ‘global’ urban phenomenon that displays uniform characteristics and genesis. Drawing on Singapore as a case study, this paper goes beyond the universalising and often polemical discourses on gated communities to provide a balanced account on how gated communities in the form of enclosed condominium estates are locally embedded in the city state where public housing dominates. As will be pointed out in the paper, gated communities in Singapore may be considered as a form of ‘club good’ that exists as part of the state's urban/national developmental agenda and are, arguably, less socially and spatially divisive than those depicted elsewhere. By teasing out the local specificities of gated communities, this paper underscores the need to read beyond the physical form of gated communities in order to understand the complex social and political production of housing landscapes.
Electrophysiological indices of abnormal error‐processing in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Authors: Groom Madeleine J. , Cahill John D. , Bates Alan T. , Jackson Georgina M. , Calton Timothy G. , Liddle Peter F. , Hollis Chris 
Published: August 2009

Background:  Impaired cognitive control has been frequently observed in children and young people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and might underlie the excessive hyperactivity and impulsivity in this population. We investigated behavioural and electrophysiological indices relevant to one domain of cognitive control; namely error processing.Methods:  Adolescents aged 14 to 17 with ADHD (n = 23) and a typically developing control group (HC; n = 19) performed a visual go/no‐go task. Electro‐encephalography (EEG) data were collected simultaneously and response‐locked error trials were averaged to derive two event‐related potentials, the error‐related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe). Evoked theta power and inter‐trial phase coherence (ITC) were measured in two time windows (‘early’ and ‘late’) equivalent to those used for detection of the ERN and Pe.Results:  Analysis revealed normal ERN amplitude and a statistical trend for smaller Pe amplitude at a fronto‐central electrode site in the ADHD group. The group also showed significant reductions in late evoked theta power and early and late theta ITC. Relationships between behavioural measures and ITC were different between groups, particularly for post‐error slowing, a measure of strategic response adjustment on trials immediately following an error.Conclusions:  The results reveal abnormalities in behavioural and electrophysiological indices of error processing in adolescents with ADHD and suggest that ITC is more sensitive than traditional ERP measures to error‐processing abnormalities.
Non‐adrenergic non‐cholinergic inhibition of gastrointestinal smooth muscle and its intracellular mechanism(s)
Authors: Matsuda Nilce Mitiko , Miller Steven M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractRelaxation of gastrointestinal smooth muscle caused by release of non‐adrenergic non‐cholinergic (NANC) transmitters from enteric nerves occurs in several physiologic digestive reflexes. Likely candidate NANC inhibitory agents include nitric oxide (NO), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating peptide (PACAP), carbon monoxide (CO), protease‐activated receptors (PARs), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), neurotensin (NT) and beta‐nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (β‐NAD). Multiple NANC transmitters work in concert, are pharmacologically coupled and are closely coordinated. Individual contribution varies regionally in the gastrointestinal tract and between species. NANC inhibition of gastrointestinal smooth muscle involves several intracellular mechanisms, including increase of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), increase of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and hyperpolarization of the cell membrane via direct or indirect activation of potassium ion (K+) channels.
A Comparison of GlideScope Video Laryngoscopy Versus Direct Laryngoscopy Intubation in the Emergency Department
Authors: Platts‐Mills Timothy F. , Campagne Danielle , Chinnock Brian , Snowden Brandy , Glickman Larry T. , Hendey Gregory W. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectives:  The first‐attempt success rate of intubation was compared using GlideScope video laryngoscopy and direct laryngoscopy in an emergency department (ED).Methods:  A prospective observational study was conducted of adult patients undergoing intubation in the ED of a Level 1 trauma center with an emergency medicine residency program. Patients were consecutively enrolled between August 2006 and February 2008. Data collected included indication for intubation, patient characteristics, device used, initial oxygen saturation, and resident postgraduate year. The primary outcome measure was success with first attempt. Secondary outcome measures included time to successful intubation, intubation failure, and lowest oxygen saturation levels. An attempt was defined as the introduction of the laryngoscope into the mouth. Failure was defined as an esophageal intubation, changing to a different device or physician, or inability to place the endotracheal tube after three attempts.Results:  A total of 280 patients were enrolled, of whom video laryngoscopy was used for the initial intubation attempt in 63 (22%) and direct laryngoscopy was used in 217 (78%). Reasons for intubation included altered mental status (64%), respiratory distress (47%), facial trauma (9%), and immobilization for imaging (9%). Overall, 233 (83%) intubations were successful on the first attempt, 26 (9%) failures occurred, and one patient received a cricothyrotomy. The first‐attempt success rate was 51 of 63 (81%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 70% to 89%) for video laryngoscopy versus 182 of 217 (84%, 95% CI = 79% to 88%) for direct laryngoscopy (p = 0.59). Median time to successful intubation was 42 seconds (range, 13 to 350 seconds) for video laryngoscopy versus 30 seconds (range, 11 to 600 seconds) for direct laryngoscopy (p < 0.01).Conclusions:  Rates of successful intubation on first attempt were not significantly different between video and direct laryngoscopy. However, intubation using video laryngoscopy required significantly more time to complete.
Symmetrical primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma associated with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Yıldırım Fatma Elif , Karaduman Ayşen , Hürmüz Pervin , Özyar Enis , Barışta İbrahim , Sağlam Arzu 
Published: August 2009

Primary cutaneous marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma (PCMZL) is an indolent low grade B cell lymphoma of the skin, with lack of extracutaneous involvement at the time of diagnosis. Herein we report the case of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who developed symmetrical PCMZL lesions on both ear lobes. Lesions occurring symmetrically on ear lobes are more specific for cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia (CLH) and this kind of symmetrical localization hasn't been reported for PCMZL before. PCMZL is considered to arise from a background of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia and this case point out the concept of CLH and PCMZL spectrum. Association of marginal zone lymphoma with rheumatoid arthritis and resolution of lesions together with the resolution of symptoms due to rheumatoid arthritis after rituximab therapy is another interesting point for this case. To the best of our knowledge PCMZL associated with RA has not been reported previously.Yildirim FE, Karaduman A, Hürmüz P, Özyar E, Barışta İ, Sağlam A. Symmetrical primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma associated with rheumatoid arthritis.
C‐reactive protein as a marker of serious bacterial infections in hospitalized febrile infants
Authors: Bilavsky Efraim , Yarden‐Bilavsky Havatzelet , Ashkenazi Shai , Amir Jacob 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjective:  To determine the potential predictive power of C‐reactive protein (CRP) as a marker of serious bacterial infection (SBI) in hospitalized febrile infants aged ≤3 months.Patients and Methods:  Data on blood CRP levels were collected prospectively on admission for all infants aged ≤3 months who were hospitalized for fever from 2005 to 2008. The patients were divided into two groups by the presence or absence of findings of SBI.Results:  A total of 892 infants met the inclusion criteria, of whom 102 had a SBI. Mean CRP level was significantly higher in the infants who had a bacterial infection than in those who did not (5.3 ± 6.3 mg/dL vs. 1.3 ± 2.2 mg/dL, p < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.67–0.80) for CRP compared to 0.70 (95% CI: 0.64–0.76) for white blood cell (WBC) count. When analyses were limited to predicting bacteremia or meningitis only, the AUCs for CRP and WBC were 0.81 (95% CI: 0.66–0.96) and 0.63 (95% CI: 0.42–0.83), respectively.Conclusion:  C‐reactive protein is a valuable laboratory test in the assessment of febrile infants aged ≤3 months old and may serve as a better diagnostic marker of SBI than total WBC count.
Temporary Implants for Patients with Low Bone Density of the Upper Maxilla: An Alternative Rehabilitation Strategy
Authors: de Aguiar Rogério Coelho , Zabolotsky Borys , de Souza Dircilene Colares , Ferreira Cimara Fortes , Cardoso Antônio Carlos 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTBackground:  The use of removable provisional prosthesis after implant placement is undesirable for many patients. In addition, removable prostheses place unfavorable pressure over implants during the healing period.Purpose:  The use of temporary implants enable greater stability and functionality of the prostheses.Materials and Methods:  This clinical report shows the use of temporary implants in a low density maxilla in conjunction with a fixed provisional prosthesis.Results:  The temporary implants contributed to the support of the provisional fixed upper arch prosthesis and to patient comfort with a fixed prosthesis during the healing period.Conclusions:  Fixed provisional prostheses are a potentially desirable alternative treatment strategy.