bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One‐Pot Cascade Reactions using Fructose‐6‐phosphate Aldolase: Efficient Synthesis of D‐Arabinose 5‐Phosphate, D‐Fructose 6‐Phosphate and Analogues
Authors: Sánchez‐Moreno Israel , Hélaine Virgil , Poupard Nicolas , Charmantray Franck , Légeret Bertrand , Hecquet Laurence , García‐Junceda Eduardo , Wohlgemuth Roland , Guérard‐Hélaine Christine , Lemaire Marielle 
Published: June 2012

AbstractOne‐pot multienzymatic reactions have been performed for the synthesis of 1‐deoxy‐D‐fructose 6‐phosphate, 1,2‐dideoxy‐D‐arabino‐hept‐3‐ulose 7‐phosphate, D‐fructose 6‐phosphate and D‐arabinose 5‐phosphate. The whole synthetic strategy is based on an aldol addition reaction catalysed by fructose‐6‐phosphate aldolase (FSA) as a key step of a three or four enzymes‐catalysed cascade reaction. The four known donors for FSA – dihydroxyacetone (DHA), hydroxyacetone (HA), 1‐hydroxy‐2‐butanone (HB) and glycolaldehyde (GA) – were used with D‐glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate as acceptor substrate. The target phosphorylated sugars were obtained in good to excellent yields and high purity.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Arene‐ or Heteroarenecarbonitriles with Aryl‐ or Heteroarylmanganese Reagents through CCN Bond Activation
Authors: Liu Ning , Wang Zhong‐Xia 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe nickel‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction of arene‐ or heteroarenecarbonitriles with aryl‐ or heteroarylmanganese reagents via CCN bond activation has been developed. Both electron‐rich and electron‐deficient nitriles can be employed as the electrophilic substrates. The reaction tolerates a range of functional groups and aromatic heterocycles.
Finite volume method for falling liquid films carrying monodisperse spheres in Newtonian regime
Authors: Bohorquez Patricio 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA finite volume method is proposed to study the dynamics of unsteady, falling liquid films carrying monodisperse spheres in Newtonian regime under the action of gravity. The Navier–Stokes equations were rewritten to implement a numerical scheme with interface capturing capability, able to compute discontinuities in the solid volumetric concentration and free surface flows. The interface capturing property is checked with simple benchmarks, showing that experimental data for a vertical settler and the dynamics of the wetting front in a thin liquid film are reproduced with success. Also, the numerical scheme computes with accuracy Kapitza instability or viscous roll waves. This work concludes illustrating the applicability of the model to study viscous resuspension phenomenon in a unsteady, falling suspension film. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 2601–2616, 2012
Prevalence of dermatitis in the working population, United States, 2010 National Health Interview Survey
Authors: Luckhaupt Sara E. , Dahlhamer James M. , Ward Brian W. , Sussell Aaron L. , Sweeney Marie H. , Sestito John P. , Calvert Geoffrey M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundPrevalence patterns of dermatitis among workers offer clues about risk factors and targets for prevention, but population‐based estimates of the burden of dermatitis among US workers are lacking.MethodsData from an occupational health supplement to the 2010 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS‐OHS) were used to estimate the prevalence of dermatitis overall and by demographic characteristics and industry and occupation (I&O) of current/recent employment.ResultsData were available for 27,157 adults, including 17,524 current/recent workers. The overall prevalence rate of dermatitis among current/recent workers was 9.8% (range among I&O groups: 5.5–15.4%), representing approximately 15.2 million workers with dermatitis. The highest prevalence rates were among I&O groups related to health care. Overall, 5.6% of dermatitis cases among workers (9.2% among healthcare workers) were attributed to work by health professionals.ConclusionsDermatitis affected over 15 million US workers in 2010, and its prevalence varied by demographic characteristics and industry and occupation of employment. The prevalence rate of work‐related dermatitis based on the NHIS‐OHS was approximately 100‐fold higher than incidence rates based on the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Survey of Occupational Illness and Injury. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:625–634, 2013. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
A comparison of organic matters responsible for immersed ultrafiltration membranes fouling in drinking water treatment
Authors: Qi Lu , Wang Hong‐chen , Zheng Xiang , Zhang Guang‐ming , Yu Guang‐hui , Li Gui‐bai 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTMembrane fouling caused by natural organic matter is an important problem in drinking water treatment. In this study, bench‐scale experiments using three different types of ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were carried out with the surface water of the Songhua River in China in order to investigate the effect of natural organic matter on membrane fouling. Organic matter that caused reversible and irreversible fouling in the filtration operation was desorbed from the fouled membranes and subjected to chemical fractionation and Fourier transform infrared analyses. These analyses revealed that hydrophilic organic matter accounted for the majority of both reversible and irreversible fouling, regardless of the type of membrane. Results also demonstrated that the type of organic matter responsible for fouling differed significantly and depended on the type of membrane. The main types of organic matter that caused reversible fouling were hydrophilic organic matter and hydrophobic acids, for the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polysulfone (PS) membranes and hydrophilic matter and weakly hydrophobic acids, for the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane. Hydrophobic acids were largely responsible for the irreversible fouling of PVDF membranes. The PVC membrane was more vulnerable to fouling because of the hydrophilic fraction, and the PS membrane was most easily fouled by the hydrophobic neutral fraction. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization and characteristics of preparing chitosan microspheres using response surface methodology
Authors: Zhou Xuan , Cheng Xiao Jie , Liu Wei Fang , Li Jing , Ren Li Hong , Dang Qi Feng , Feng Chao , Chen Xi Guang 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize preparation of chitosan microspheres (CMs). Firstly, Plackett–Burman design (PBD) was applied to screen out the factors, which influence preparation of CMs significantly. The results showed that the concentration of chitosan and acetic acid as well as the volume of toluene were the key factors. Then, steepest ascent experiment and Box–Behnken design were introduced to optimize the levels of the key factors. As a result, the appropriate conditions of preparing CMs were chosen as follows: 2% (w/v) chitosan, 1.7% (v/v) acetic acid, 7 mL span‐80, 488 mL toluene, 1100 rpm, 60 min (emulsification time), 10 mL formaldehyde, and 60 min (crosslinking time). Also, the morphology, size particle, and FTIR spectra of CMs were studied by scanning electron microscopy, small angle laser light scattering, and FTIR spectrometer. Results showed that CMs had quite smooth surface spherical and sharp size distribution, which indicated that the CMs were successfully prepared by W/O emulsification crosslinking method using RSM. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Synthesis and characterization of copolymeric aliphatic–aromatic esters derived from terephthalic acid, 1,4‐butanediol, and ε‐caprolactone by physical, thermal, and mechanical properties and NMR measurements
Authors: Wang Ching‐Huang , Tsai Ping‐Hsun , Kan Lou‐Sing , Chen C. Will 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn this study, a series of aliphatic–aromatic poly(butylene terephthalate‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) (PBTCL) copolyesters were synthesized from various monomeric compositions of terephthalic acid (TPA), 1,4‐butanediol (BDO), and ε‐caprolactone (CL) in the presence of tetrabutyl titanate (Ti(Obu)4) and stannous octoate (Sn(Oct)2) as catalysts through a combination of polycondensation and ring opening polymerization. A significant increase in the melting temperature (Tm) of copolyesters was observed by increasing the TPA/(CL+TPA) molar ratio, starting from the low end (Tm 66.2°C) of pure poly‐ε‐caprolactone PCL upward. We found that PBTCL‐50, which has a TPA/(CL+TPA) 50% molar ratio and polycondensation at 260°C for 1.5 h, resulted in a proper Tm of 139.2°C that facilitates thermal extrusion from biomass or other biodegradable polymers of similar Tm. The number–average molecular weight (Mn) of 7.4 × 104 for PBTCL‐50 was determined from the intrinsic viscosity [η] by using the Berkowitz model of Mn = 1.66 × 105[η]0.9. Good mechanical properties of PBTCL‐50 have been shown by tensile stretching experiment that indicates tensile strength, elongation, and Young's modulus are 11.9 MPa, 132%, and 257 MPa, respectively. Polymers with aforementioned properties are suitable for manufacturing biodegradable plastic films for downstream agricultural applications or merely for trash bag. This article reveals that the PBTCL‐50 contains all five monomers with different molar ratios and characteristical linkages between each other. The novel structure was furthermore analyzed by 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Investigation of temperature sensitivity behaviors of water soluble polyacrylamides
Authors: Uğuzdoğan Erdal , Denkbaş Emir Baki , Kabasakal Osman Sermet 
Published: June 2012

AbstractTemperature sensitive polymers with a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) are used in a variety of industries such as the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, and paint. These polymers are generally of the poly(N‐alkylacrylamide) type, of which poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) is the most commonly used. More novel poly(N‐alkylacrylamide)s have also been the subject of much attention recently. In this study, N‐alkylacrylamides containing different alkyl groups were synthesized by nucleophylic substitution reactions of various amines with acryloyl chloride. They were polymerized using the solution polymerization method, and the temperature sensitivities of the polymers were investigated. For this purpose, three monomers, N,N‐diethylacrylamide, N‐cyclopropylacrylamide, and 4‐piperidineethanolacrylamide, were synthesized using diethylamine, cyclopropylamine, and 4‐piperidineethanol, as the amines, respectively. The obtained polymers, poly(N,N‐diethylacrylamide) (PDEA), poly(N‐cyclopropylacrylamide) (PCPA), and poly(4‐piperidineethanolacrylamide) (PPEA), were found to be thermoresponsive, particularly PPEA is a potential novel material that can be utilized as an alternative to the common temperature sensitive polymers. The effects of several conditions on the LCST and the critical flocculation temperature (CFT) of the polymers were also investigated. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Evaluation of a functionalized copolymer as adsorbent on direct dyes removal process: Kinetics and equilibrium studies
Authors: Muntean Simona Gabriela , Paska Oana , Coseri Sergiu , Simu Georgeta Maria , Grad Maria Elena , Ilia Gheorghe 
Published: June 2012

AbstractFunctionalized polymeric microbeads were investigated as adsorbent for the removal of three direct dyes from aqueous solutions. The effects of different experimental parameters, such as initial dye concentration, temperature, and solution pH on the adsorption process were investigated. The adsorption process can be conducted with very good result at normal working conditions: neutral pH and normal temperature. The maximum percentage removal obtained was 99.11% for the symmetrical disazo dye, 90.14% for asymmetrical disazo dye, and 98.53% for trisazo dye. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo‐second‐order equation for all three investigated dyes in all working conditions. The experimental data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips, and Redlich–Peterson isotherm models, and the best fit was obtained with Sips model. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔH°, ΔS°, and ΔG°) revealed that dye adsorption is an endothermic and spontaneous process. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Fabrication and characterization of HCl‐treated clinoptilolite filled ethylene vinyl acetate composite films
Authors: Mishra Ajay K. , Mishra Shivani B. , Mamba Bhekie B. , Dlamini Derrick S. , Mthombo Thabo S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAs received and HCl treated Clinoptilolite (C)‐ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) composites were prepared via the melt‐mixing technique, and extruded through a single‐screw extruder to obtain composite strips with an average thickness of 0.5 mm. The films were then characterized for their morphological, structural, thermal, and mechanical properties. Optical micrographs show that at higher C loading, the particles form large agglomerates, resulting in the formation of voids on the surface of the films. With increasing zeolite loading, the films become brittle, resulting in reduced Young's modulus. Acid treatment of the C tends to affect the crystal structure of the zeolite, resulting in poor tensile properties of the HCl‐treated zeolite‐filled EVA films. Addition of the zeolite also increased the crystallinity of the structure, acting as a nucleating agent in the EVA crystallization. Modeling of the tensile yield data with Pukanszky model indicate that there is poor interfacial adhesion between the polymer matrix and the filler particles. Thermal characterization studies showed that addition of the zeolites retarded the onset degradation temperature of EVA. However, degradation temperatures including Tmax and the final decomposed temperature were increased, suggesting improved thermal stability due to reduced inter‐chain mobility in the composite materials as a result of increased zeolite loading. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
The Monks of Drepung Gomang Monastery: Impressions and Speculations on Alternative Models of Masculinity as they Relate to Resilience to Trauma
Authors: Sarin Madhu 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTAs a practitioner of psychoanalysis and psychotherapy, I volunteered with the Tibetan Government in Exile in the field of mental health. In late 2006, the Tibetan Government in Exile approached me to evaluate and counsel monks who had left Tibet to get a monastic education at the Drepung Gomang Monastery in Mungod, Karnataka. I was struck by the resilience of these young men, despite the horrors they had survived in the process of trying to get this education in their own country, which is under occupation by the Chinese, and fleeing Tibet alone, during adolescence or as very young children. I want to offer some speculative impressions about my experiences and observations of the masculinity of these monks, which felt quite different from my experience with other men. This article attempts to make sense of my experience of their masculinity, and to account for the differences I observed, but could not fully understand. I offer some speculations about the relationship of their experience of masculinity, as an additional factor in their resilience to trauma.Although the therapeutic encounter with them was the occasion to bring these differences to my attention they do not form the basis for my speculations. These are based on my understanding of masculinity as theorized by psychoanalysis, and what I have learned about the history, functioning and ideals, which inform Tibetan culture and the monastic order. I highlight two aspects of the masculinity of Buddhist monks from this tradition: one which comes from the Bodhisattva tradition and incorporates nurturing “feminine” qualities, and the second which involves sublimating and neutralizing “dangerous” “female” qualities into their attainment of higher spiritual ends. I speculate in the end on the ways in which an alternative experience of gender may be a contributing protective factor in the survival of violence and exile. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
When Father is Not There: The Absence of the Father as a Generating Factor of Violence
Authors: Botèro Hilda 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT“Where's dad?” When this restlessness is implanted into a child's psyche, an atmosphere of “unmet” need settles in. Physical and emotional mistreatment by the father profoundly affects the fetus and mother. There are several factors at play in this situation: infantile experiences, the father's past experiences and his own maltreatment. The physical and emotional absence of the father or their aggressive presence fosters a language of violence and destructiveness, “violence generates violence.”What is the function of this actor in the grand scheme of life? If both parties lit the flame of life, both are responsible for it and both must recognize their functions in relation to their introjected parental objects. An infant, who is well nurtured in an established atmosphere where the prenatal functions/needs are positively met, will grow and mature with a sense of security and trust crucial for the development of his/her unique potential, physical growth, and intellectual achievement; furthermore this scenario will result in an independent, optimistic and benevolent nuclear family. The child's insertion in the community will be also free of suspicions and encourage its development. The community will have a function of patronage in relation to its members. This must serve as “good enough mothering” for its members.Three clinical case studies of absent fathers will illustrate the dramatic situation of abandoned mothers and children. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New vistas for treatment of obesity and diabetes? Endocannabinoid signalling and metabolism in the modulation of energy balance
Authors: Lipina Christopher , Rastedt Wiebke , Irving Andrew J. , Hundal Harinder S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractGrowing evidence suggests that pathological overactivation of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) is associated with dyslipidemia, obesity and diabetes. Indeed, this signalling system acting through cannabinoid receptors has been shown to function both centrally and peripherally to regulate feeding behaviour as well as energy expenditure and metabolism. Consequently, modulation of these receptors can promote significant alterations in body weight and associated metabolic profile. Importantly, blocking cannabinoid receptor type 1 function has been found to prevent obesity and metabolic dysfunction in various murine models and in humans. Here we provide a detailed account of the known physiological role of the ECS in energy balance, and explore how recent studies have delivered novel insights into the potential targeting of this system as a therapeutic means for treating obesity and related metabolic disorders.
Quantitative analysis of acetaminophen and its six metabolites in rat plasma using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: An Ji Hye , Lee Hwa Jeong , Jung Byung Hwa 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTAcetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug. It is mainly metabolized by phase 1 and 2 reactions in the liver, and thus it could be involved in many drug–drug interactions. Therefore, the study of APAP metabolism is important in toxicological and pharmacokinetic studies. The objective of this study was to develop a rapid and sensitive method for the determination of APAP and its six metabolites in rat plasma for the pharmacokinetic studies. APAP and its metabolites were separated through a Capcell Pak MGII C18 column and quantitated with a 16 min run in a triple‐quadruple mass spectrometer. The mobile phases were composed of 0.1% formic acid in either 95% water or 95% acetonitrile and analysis was performed twice in positive and negative modes. Validations such as accuracy, precision, recovery, matrix effect and stability were found to be within acceptance criteria of validation guidelines, indicating that the assay was applicable to the determination of the plasma concentrations of drug and its six metabolites. In conclusion, we developed an LC‐MS/MS method for the quantitative analysis of APAP and its six metabolites in rat plasma, and this method appears to be useful for pharmacokinetic/toxicokinetic studies of APAP and its metabolites in rats. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preclinical pharmacokinetic analysis of armillarisin succinate ester in mouse plasma and tissues by LC–MS/MS
Authors: Chen Qinhua , Li Peng , Zhang Jinfeng , Zhu Jun 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTA liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) has been developed and validated to determine the concentration of armillarisin succinate ester in mouse plasma and tissues, used for preclinical evaluation. Bavachin was employed as the internal standard. Separation was performed on a 3.5 µm Zorbax SB‐C18 column (30 × 2.1 mm), with a mobile phase consisting of methanol and aqueous 20 mm ammonium acetate. Both analyte and internal standard were determined using electrospray ionization and the MS data acquisition was via selected ion monitoring in negative scanning mode. Quantification was performed using the transitions m/z 333 → 233 and 323 → 221 for armillarisin succinate ester and internal standard, respectively. The method was validated with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery and stability. This assay has been successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution study after intravenous injection of ASE in mouse in a dose of 10 mg/kg. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous determination of carisoprodol and aspirin in human plasma using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry in polarity switch mode: application to a human pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Sreenivasulu Vudagandla , Ramesh Mullangi , Kumar Inamadugu Jaswanth , Babu Ravi Vasu , Pilli Nageswara Rao , Krishnaiah Abburi 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTA simple, sensitive and rapid LC‐MS/MS‐ESI method has been developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of the carisoprodol and aspirin in human plasma. Carisoprodol was detected in positive ion mode, whereas aspirin was detected in negative ion mode. Carbamazepine and furosemide were used as internal standards (IS) for quantification of carisoprodol and aspirin, respectively. The extraction procedure involves a liquid–liquid extraction method with ter‐butyl methyl ether. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Zorbax XDB‐Phenyl (4.6 × 75 mm, 3.5 µm) column using an isocratic mobile phase (5 mm ammonium acetate:methanol, 20:80, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min with a total run time of 2.2 min. A detailed method validation was performed as per the FDA guidelines. The standard curves found to be linear in the range of 25.5–4900 and 15.3–3000 ng/mL for carisoprodol and aspirin, respectively. The results met the acceptance criteria. Carisoprodol and aspirin were found to be stable in various stability studies. The validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study following co‐administration of carisoprodol (250 mg) and aspirin (75 mg) tablets by oral route to human volunteers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.