bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P03-66 - Real causes of some psychotic disorders
Authors: Ilankovic N. , Ilankovic L.M. , Kambeitz J. , Ilankovic A. , Lakovic T. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionIn the last decade the simplification in clinical medicine and the unethiological, general approach is very frequent (the “medicine of consequences”, N. Ilankovic). Because the syndromological diagnoses and (relative) effective symptomatic therapy, in clinical psychiatry in most cases the targets recently are only the phenomenology of behavioral disorders and the hypothezid neurochemical consequences, without precise etiopathogenetic or/and psychodynamic approach.ObjectivesResearchers have found that both medical and psychiatric comorbidity is common in patients with psychiatric disorders, particularly in children, adolescents and in old age. This nonethiological approach push the mental illnesses and the mental ill patients back in the darkness of unscientific era of middle century.AimsTo schow how many psychotic disorders has real and detectable etiology.MethodsClinical and etiological analysis of 100 patients with psychotic disorders with data of all clinical laboratory and neuroimaging investigationes.ResultsIn most of patient (29%)t he cause of psychotic episode was the substance abuse, in 25% focal and systemic infection (inflammation), in 16% endocrin-metabolic disorders, in 11% brain damage, in 7% cerebrovascular disorders, and in 7% neurodevelopmental disorders.ConclusionThe real etiological approach in clinical psychiatry open the door to most targeted etiological therapy of psychotic and other mental disorders.
P03-67 - Insight and delusions in psychotic disorders and mood disorders with psychotic features
Authors: Islam L. , Demartini B. , Gambini O. , Scarone S. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesOur goals were to evaluate if the presence of severe delusions negatively affects insight, regardless of diagnosis, and whether or not patients gain insight into their delusions when using a third person perspective.Methods92 delusional patients with psychotic and psychotic mood disorders were asked to speak about their delusions and were evaluated by means of the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms and the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SAPS and SANS). They were then asked to state whether they thought what they said was believable for them and for the interviewer. After two weeks 79 patients were evaluated with the same scales and listened to a tape where their delusion was re-enacted. They were then asked to state if what they heard was believable for them and for the interviewer.Results12 patients thought their delusions was unbelievable for the interviewer at first interview, and 17 patients did the same after the second interview; 4 patients stated what they heard from the tape after the second interview was unbelievable both for them and interviewer. Patients with better insight (patients who stated their delusion was not believable) had a lower SAPS score, a lower item delusion score and a significant improvement of item delusion score at second interviewConclusionSeveral patients gain partial insight when using a third person perspective. The severity of delusions negatively affects insight, regardless of the patient's diagnosis.
P03-68 - Are there effects of the type of antipsychotic medication on the subjective quality of life in patients suffering from schizophrenia?
Authors: Jaeger S. , Steinert T. , Pfiffner C. , Längle G. , Eschweiler G. , Bayer W. , Croissant D. , Weiser P. , Becker T. , Kilian R. 
Published: June 2010

We investigated whether the type of antipsychotic treatment has an impact on patients’ subjective quality of life (QoL).In a prospective naturalistic long-term study, 374 patients meeting ICD-10 criteria for schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were examined biannually over a two-year period with regards to QoL, psychopathology, social functioning, use of medical and psychosocial services, compliance, side effects and current neuroleptic treatment. QoL was assessed by the Berliner Lebensqualitätsprofil (BeLP), an adaption of the Lancashire Quality of Life Profile. First examination took place two weeks around discharge from a psychiatric clinic. At study entry, all participants were receiving neuroleptic medication of either quetiapine, risperidone or olanzapine. Mixed regression analysis taking into account the unbalanced panel structure of the data and adjusted for selection bias by means of propensity scores were used for data analysis.Overall quality of life improved continuously during the two years observed period regardless of the type of neuroleptic. A small, but significant difference emerged when comparing quetiapine monotherapy treatment with olanzapine monotherapy or with a combination treatment of conventional and atypical antipsychotics. QoL of patients treated with olanzapine was generally worse than that of patients treated with quetiapine but improved slightly more over the course of time. In total time and type of medication explained only small proportions of variance in QoL.Type of neuroleptic had only marginal impact on the subjective QoL of our sample. In order to explain changes in quality of life, research on social and individual factors seems to be more promising.
P03-69 - The effect of multiple attention demands on working memory performance in schizophrenic and first episode psychotic patients
Authors: Jančić D. , Pešić D. , Mandić-Maravić V. , Peruničić I. , Kostić M. , Marjanović S. , Lečić-Toševski D. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesRecent studies showed that schizophrenic patients possess adequate attention resources to avoid Stroop colour interference but face difficulty when delays are imposed and multiple attention demands appear. The aim of our study was to use dynamic version of the Stroop interference test based on cognitive remediation techniques within a “training- interference task-test” procedure.MethodThe observed subjects were chronic schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients in worsening phase and the first episode patients who were treated with SGA and having PANSS score above 60, as well as corresponding healthy controls. We trained subjects in Stroop colour interference task and immediately after the training applied different working memory task and subsequently tested the subjects (15 minutes (Stroop Colour task) and >24 hours (Stroop Word task)).ResultsThere was an improvement of the cognitive status of schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients similarly as in healthy controls in both the reaction time and response accuracy (p>0.05), whereas the first episode patients performed significantly worse than other two subgroups. This was revealed both in the training and subsequent Stroop Colour interference (Reaction Time: p=0.02, Error Code: p=0.04.ConclusionsOur findings revealed that chronic schizophrenic patients show same level of achievement as healthy controls despite the demanding experimental design. Poorer results observed in the first episode patients could suggest the favorable effect of the SGA on cognitive functioning, or impose the role of their age. Carefully designed training of cognitive skills could be of high importance in preventing the cognitive deterioration of first episode psychotic patients.
P03-71 - Decision making, working memory and executive functions in schizophrenic patients
Authors: Jaracz M. , Dróżdż W. , Borkowska A. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionSchizophrenia is a disorder related with decline in cognitive functioning. Deficit of working memory and executive functions in schizophrenia is consistently reported. On the other hand, studies of decision making in schizophrenia bring contradictory results.AimsThe aim of the study was to assess decision making and executive functions in clinically stable schizophrenic patients.MethodsThe study included 25 clinically stable schizophrenic patients (7 female, 18 male), aged 31±6 years and 25 age, sex and education years matched healthy controls. Decision making was assessed with Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Working memory and executive functions were assessed with Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Trail Making Test (TMT). Psychometric asessment was provided with Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS)ResultsNo significant differences in performance on IGT between schizophrenic patients and healthy subjects were found. Schizophrenic patients made more perseverative (t=-4,05; 0,00) and nonperseverative errors (t=-4,35, p=0,002), gave less conceptual level responses (t=-5,35; p=0,00), completed less categories (t=-4,73, p=0,00) and used more cards to complete first category (t=-3,98, p=0,00) in WCST. They also needed more time to complete part A (t=-5,62; p=0,00) and B (t=-4,06; p=0,00) of TMT test.ConclusionsNo significant differences in performance on IGT between schizophrenic patients and healthy subjects were found. On the other hand, schizophrenic patients performed significantly worse on all measures of WCST as well as in TMT test.
P03-80 - Quetiapine augmentation of amisulpride: an open-label, non-randomized study in patients with schizophrenia partially responsive to amisulpride
Authors: Ladea M. , Dumitrescu M.R. , Sarpe M.C. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivePoor response of psychotic symptoms to a single antipsychotic drug appears to be the most common reason for combination of two antipsychotic drugs. Antipsychotic combinations are in clinical practice very common, although there are not sufficient evidences of their efficacy from randomized, controlled trials. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of augmenting amisulpride with quetiapine in patients with sub-optimal response to amisulpride.MethodsIn this open-label, non-randomized study, 36 patients who were partially responsive to amisulpride after 4 weeks of treatment were assigned to receive up to 600mg/day quetiapine along with an ongoing stable dose of 800mg/day amisulpride. Patients were evaluated at baseline and at week 1, 3, 6 and 8. Efficacy was assessed using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale and for tolerability we used Simpson-Angus Rating Scale (SAS).ResultsThirty-one patients completed the study. There was an improvement in the mean scores for PANSS (with more than 30%) and CGI after 8 weeks of treatment, with no major changes in side effect profile.ConclusionsIn patients with a suboptimal response to amisulpride, the addition of quetiapine improved overall positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The combination seems to be safe and well tolerated. Augmentation with quetiapine may provide clinical benefits for patients who are only partially responsive to amisulpride alone. Randomized controlled trials are necessary to evaluate the possible role of this augmentation strategy.
P03-82 - Recovery styles after the first episode of psychosis
Authors: Vallina-Fernández O. , Fernández-Iglesias P. , Alonso-Bada S. , Pedrejón-Molino C. , García-Pelayo P. , Lemos-Giráldez S. 
Published: June 2010

Recovery from a psychotic episode is a dynamic process after the devastating effects of being diagnosed with a serious mental illness, or the trauma of being hospitalized, rather than a cure or the absence of symptoms. Psychological recovery implies finding and maintaining hope, the reestablishment of a positive identity, finding meaning in life, and taking responsibility for one's life.ObjectiveThe stages of the subjective psychological process of recovery after the first psychotic episode were explored; since psychological functioning, as well as symptoms and social functioning in the critical period probably are the most important long-term outcome predictor variables.MethodsThe RSQ (Drayton, et al., 1998) and the STORI (Andresen, et al., 2006) were used to assess 30 patients (72.4% males) recovering from the first episode of a non-affective psychosis, 3 to 9 months after their clinical discharge. The mean age was 24.34 (SD=4.5, range=17-34).ResultsThe RSQ stages of recovery were: Tendency toward sealing-over (7.7%), Mixed, sealing-over predominates (42.3%), Mixed, integration predominates (38.5%), and Tendency toward integration (11.5%). The STORI stages of recovery were: Moratorium (11.5%), Awareness (31.0%), Preparation (27.0%), Rebuilding (11.5%), and Growth (19.0%). Significant correlations were found between better recovery stages and patient's adherence to treatment (X2 = 9.579, p = 0.008). Correlations between recovery stages and symptoms, neuropsychological functioning, and other variables were also explored.ConclusionsRecovery styles of Integration and Growth significantly correlate with treatment adherence, a better symptomatic (less negative and general symptoms) and functional recovery, but not with DUP, stigma, or neuropsychological variables.
P03-85 - Effect of music therapy on self-esteem of inpatient chronic schizophrenic patients
Authors: Mahmoudi E. , Dalvandi A. , Rahgoi A. , Rahgozar M. , Zadehmohammadi A. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionSelf-esteem in schizophrenic patients is low. Self-esteem is the most important factor in these patients improvement and music therapy enhances self-esteem.ObjectiveThis study has been conducted with the aim of examination the effect of music therapy on self-esteem of chronic schizophrenic patients.MethodsIn This experimental research regarding pilot study and inclusion criteria, 70 persons of male in-patient chronic schizophrenic patients were determined and allocated in 3 groups: experimental 1(24 persons), experimental 2(22 persons) and control group (24 persons) randomly. Music game was implemented in experimental group 1 and lyric analysis in experimental group 2 for one month, 12 sessions, lasting 45 minutes each. Demographic questionnaire and Coopersmith self-esteem Inventory were measured. In internal consistency assessment, chronbach’.α 0/84 and in test-retest reliability, pearson correlation coefficient 0/89 were determined. SPSS version 15 and one way ANOVA, paired t test, Chi-square, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, levene's tests were used for data analysis.ResultsThere was not significant difference between self-esteem of patients in experimental and control groups before music therapy and between experimental groups 1 and 2 after music therapy (P>0/05) whereas there was significant difference between experimental and control groups and in intervention groups 1 and 2 after music therapy (P< 0/05).ConclusionMusic therapy enhances self-esteem in chronic schizophrenic patients and also there was not considerable change in self-esteem increase between music game and lyric analysis. These two types of music therapy can be used in enhancing self-esteem of these patients.
P03-89 - How are large scale studies of medication influencing change in our treatment strategies for schizophrenia?
Authors: Agius M. , Gilhooley M. , Davis A. , Zaman R. 
Published: June 2010

BackgroundMany studies have recently been carried out to compare the effectiveness of various antipsychotic agents.Aims and ObjectivesWe wished to determine what could be learnt from these studies about the effectiveness of antipsychotics, and whether this should influence choice of treatment.MethodWe carried out a literature search using PUBMED. We directed special attention to large studies comparing medications in schizophrenia. These studies included CUTLASS, CATIE, SOHO, CAFE, and EUFEST (Kahn 2008, Haro 2006, Jones 2006, Lieberman 2005, Perkins 2008), as well as studies by Tihonen 92006, 2009) The studies were critically reviewed.ResultsThe different studies measure different aspects of care, at different phases of the illness. This illustrates the need to study schizophrenia through a stage model. Furthermore, different outcome measures are proposed. We believe that discontinuation data, on which some studiesdepend, is a weak measure of effectiveness. Important doubts arise regarding the choice of patients (those requiring switching of antipsychotic) in CUTLASS, and also regarding potential observer bias in this study.ConclusionThere is much information to be gathered from the results of such studies. However interpretation is made more difficult by problems within the study designs themselves. On balance it does appear that different antipsychotics have different effectiveness. The main difficulty in putting these results into practice is concern among clinicians and patients regarding side effects.
P03-90 - Disturbances of sleep in schizophrenia
Authors: Leszczynska J. , Paliga A. , Wieczorek J. , Krysta K. , Krupka-Matuszczyk I. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesDisturbances of sleeping are very common among patients suffering from mental disease. The purpose of the research is to find a relationship between schizophrenia and disturbances of sleeping, such as problems with falling asleep, arousing at night, waking up untimely in the morning, bad quality of sleeping and its insufficient quantity.Method16 patients (3 women and 13 men) with a diagnose of schizophrenia were recruited to the study. The battery of cognitive neuropsychological tests used to assess disturbances of sleeping included: Athen Insomnia Scale (AIS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Frankfurt Self-feeling Scale (FBS).ResultsIn the examined group statistically significant presence disturbances of sleeping was found, and in this connection worse self-feeling were also affirmed.ConclusionsThe above correlations between disturbances of sleeping and worse mood indicate that removing of that disturbances improves mental and physical condition of patients with schizophrenia. The awareness of these correlations may be important in the process of constructing treating programmes for patients.
P03-92 - Clinico-Psychopathological Peculiarities In Patients With The First Psychotic Episode
Authors: Maruta N. , Kutikov O. 
Published: June 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate clinico-psychopathological peculiarities in patients with the first psychotic episode (FPE) to ameliorate their therapy. 124 patients with FPE were examined. In this examination the clinico-psychopathological, pathopsychological and statistical methods were used.It was found out that an average age of the episode development was 26.3±5.2 years, an average duration of the episode was 389±47.9 days, and a preliminary usage of neuroleptics was determined in 79.2% of cases.The most frequent symptoms in these patients were lack of insight, ideation of reference, suspiciousness, delusional mood, thought alienation, thought echo.In patients with FPE negative manifestations such as flattening of affect, illogical features, apathy, unhedonia, unsociability, attention disorders were pointed out.A typical syndromal structure of a manifested psychotic attack expressed with the hallucinatory-paranoid (53.9%), paranoid (24.8%), depressive-paranoid (18.8%), and maniacal-paranoid (2.4%) syndromes.In patients with FPE it was registered a worsening of cognitive functions such as attention, a verbal and operative memory, executive functions, that was combined with local changes of the brain volume.A treatment for patients with FPE involved pharmacological strategies, a psychosocial therapy and a psychosocial rehabilitation. Atypical antipsychotics are the first line medications in treatment of these patients. A choice of antipsychotic was discussed with a patient and his/her relatives. Basic methods of a psychosocial rehabilitation were mental health educative activities, family therapy, group social therapy, a training of social skills and cognitive functions, social occupational therapy.
P03-94 - Decision Aid For Antipsychotic Medication Choice
Authors: Mistler L.A. , Curtis L.C. , Mahone I.H. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionPromoting client empowerment in mental health service and treatment is linked with positive outcomes and is considered an indicator of quality recovery-oriented services. However, most public mental health services do not yet fully implement this goal.AimsRecognizing that shared decision-making (SDM) technologies have the potential to encourage more effective communication and collaboration, SAMHSA and Advocates for Human Potential are developing SDM resources for public mental health services and the people they serve.ObjectivesWe report on field tests of one resource, a decision aid (DA) for consumers considering use of antipsychotic medication.MethodsAfter conducting a literature review and analysis of decision support materials, we performed consumer and provider needs assessments to guide DA development. We constructed a 7-module Webbased consumer-centered DA that follows IPDAS standards. We tested the prototype with groups of consumers and providers available to the team.ResultsResponses to the DA have been mixed. Some providers are concerned about “sharing” treatment decisions with clients and feel there is too much information in the DA. Some consumers want more information yet feel the DA is too long. Both groups express enthusiasm about the use of a DA for antipsychotic medication.ConclusionsAdapting SDM concepts and tools to public mental health settings has unique challenges. Traditional assumptions about competency of people with mental health diagnoses have resulted in a history of provider-dominated decision-making. While DAs are designed to help balance power in the clinical encounter, we recognize that there are more obstacles to overcome.
P03-95 - Factors Associated With The Effectiveness Of A Telephone-Based Nursing Strategy For Enhancing Adherence To Antipsychotic Treatment In Schizophrenia
Authors: Montes J.M. , Maurino J. , Diez T. , Saiz-Ruiz J. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveA randomized, controlled study showed that a telephone-based nursing strategy was effective to improve adherence to antipsychotic treatment in clinically stable outpatients with schizophrenia. Post hoc analysis was carried out to identify factors associated with intervention success.MethodsPatients (n= 865) were randomized to receive monthly telephone calls from a nurse or standard clinical follow-up. Calls were performed at weeks 4, 8, and 12, consisting of a brief semistructured interview to assess adherence and attitudes toward medication (DAI-10). Primary endpoint: difference in the percentage of adherent patients after phone follow-up versus control group at week 16. Non conditional logistic regression with backward stepwise procedure was used to identify variables involved with adherence improvement.Results410 (96.7%) patients fulfilled adherence criteria in the intervention group vs 402 (91.1%) in the control group. A difference of 5.5% was found between groups (95% CI 2.3, 8.6%; p= 0.0007).The telephone intervention was significantly associated with an improvement in adherence in those patients with a prior negative attitude toward treatment (OR 4.7, 95% CI 2.4, 9.0; p< 0.0001), but there was not a significant association in patients with a previous positive perception (OR 1.2, 95% CI 0.8, 1.9; p= 0.36). A slight concordance was obtained between adherence improvement after the intervention and the improvement in attitude toward treatment (kappa 0.21, 95% CI 0.15, 0.27).ConclusionsA nurse telephone follow-up could be a complementary and easy to implement strategy to improve therapeutic adherence, particularly in those patients with negative attitudes toward antipsychotic treatment.