bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the prevalence and disparities of heart failure in patients with lung cancer and the associated risk factor analysis.
Authors: Vinagolu-Baur Julia , Javaid Saad , Frasier Kelly , Li Vivian , Ortega Yaguachi Nataly , Rodriguez Evadne , Del Castillo Olivia , Batista Raquel , Jonas Kenlee , Palma Laura 
Published: June 2024

12028 Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Previous studies have suggested that patients with lung cancers are at increased risk of cardiovascular comorbidities that increase the risk of death in these patients. We studied the disparities in the prevalence of heart failure and risk factor analysis in lung cancer patients. Methods: We utilized the National Inpatient sample (2019-2020) to identify the patients who were admitted with a primary diagnosis of lung cancer (local/regional + advanced metastatic disease) and had a concurrent diagnosis of Heart Failure (HF). Baseline demographic characteristics were analyzed to determine the disparities in the prevalence of HF in lung cancer patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to assess the association of heart failure with lung cancer. Results: A total of 221320 patients had lung cancer, and 25495 had concurrent HF. The mean age of patients with and without HF was 73 and 68, respectively, p<0.001. HF patients had a greater percentage of males than females (55% vs 44%, P<0.001). Female patients were less likely to have HF (OR=0.82(0.77-0.88), p<0.001), and older age was associated with increased risk of HF in lung cancer patients (46-64 years, OR=8.23(1.13-59.49), p=0.03, >65 years OR=15.08(2.07-109), p=0.007). In Lung cancer patients hyperlipidemia had the greatest risk of association with HF (OR=1.85(1.71-1.99), p<0.001), followed by obesity (OR=1.78(1.60-1.99), p<0.001), Diabetes (OR=1.70(1.56-1.85), p<0.001), End stage renal disease (OR=1.61(1.25-2.06), p<0.001) and COPD(OR=1.45(1.34-1.56), p<0.001). Hypertension was associated with decreased odds of HF (OR=0.01(0.01-0.015), p<0.001). Compared to the white population, the Black race had increased odds of association with HF (OR=1.40(1.25-1.56), p<0.001). Compared to Medicare, patients with Medicaid and private insurance were less likely to have HF (OR 0.76(0.65-0.89), p=0.001; OR=0.59(0.52-0.66), p<0.001, respectively). Patients in high-income groups had decreased likelihood of concurrent HF ($65,000-$85,999, OR=0.88(0.80-0.98), p=0.02 and >$86,000, OR=0.88(0.78-0.99), p=0.04). Conclusions: Lung cancer patients of Black race, older age, and those with medicare insurance are at a higher risk of developing heart failure. The presence of hyperlipidemia, obesity, diabetes, end-stage renal disease, and COPD is considered to be among the most significant risk factors for the development of heart failure in lung cancer patients. Addressing underlying risk factors can enhance patient outcomes and promote overall quality of life in patients with lung cancer.
Cannabis use for cancer-related symptoms in rural versus urban Minnesota.
Authors: Borrero Maria , Jewett Patricia , Zylla Dylan M. , Parsons Helen M. , Ziegenfuss Jeanette Y , Blaes Anne Hudson 
Published: June 2024

12078 Background: Minnesota currently has a medical cannabis program and recently legalized recreational cannabis in 2023. Evidence suggests that cannabis may have positive effects on various aspects of a cancer patient's quality of life. However, little is known about any differences in cannabis use between rural and urban cancer patient populations. We compared cannabis use, behaviors, attitudes, access, and associations with cancer-related symptom burden in rural versus urban Minnesotans with cancer. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey between 2021 and 2022. Study participants were adults diagnosed in 2018-2019 with cancer and treated at an academic cancer center and its community clinic affiliates in Minnesota. Participants were sent self-administered surveys. 775 surveys were completed and returned. Analysis was restricted to 688 who reported residential ZIP codes to classify them as living in urban versus rural areas based on ZIP-code level Rural Urban Commuting Area codes. Our primary outcomes were cannabis use and perceptions. Secondary outcomes included patterns of use, behavior, attitudes, and self-reported symptom burden. Results: Of 688 participants, 54% were classified as rural and 46% as urban. Of all respondents across both groups, 60% reported never using cannabis, 56% reported cannabis use during cancer treatment, and 21% reported use since cancer diagnosis. The majority of respondents in both groups believed there are potential benefits of cannabis. Those in the urban group reported greater interest in trying medical cannabis in the future compared with rural group. The majority of respondents reported never discussing cannabis use with their healthcare provider, and even fewer reported their provider recommending cannabis to them. Both urban and rural groups reported improvement in pain, stress, insomnia, appetite, and digestion. The rural group experienced more improvement in fatigue and stress compared to the urban group. Nearly no one reported worsening of any symptoms measures after the use of cannabis. Conclusions: Cannabis use, perceptions, and attitudes were overall similar in a cohort of rural and urban patients with cancer. Both groups experienced significant cancer related symptom burden improvement after use of cannabis. While the urban cohort showed greater interest in future cannabis use, the rural cohort reported greatest benefits in relief of stress and fatigue after cannabis use, two important measures of quality of life. Our data suggest that providers rarely recommend or talk about cannabis use to cancer patients. [Table: see text]
The role of personalized therapy in cancer associated depression among 10,673 patients.
Authors: Elnashar Ghada , Jhun Ellie H. , Walker Jason , England Julie , Tam Victor , Jennissen Cathryn , Twist Greyson , Kasi Pashtoon Murtaza , Kelley James Michael 
Published: June 2024

12108 Background: Pharmacogenomics can help reduce the trial and error of antidepressant management in cancer patients. Depression is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. Additionally genetic variation can affect metabolism for many antidepressants in various ways. CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 impact the pharmacokinetics of anti-depressants, which normally take weeks before clinical outcomes are achieved. Here we underline actionable phenotype frequencies stratified by ethnicity/race for CYP2C19and CYP2D6 in patients investigated for cancer, from a depression standpoint. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 10,673 patients genotyped for CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 was conducted (OneOme LLC, Minneapolis, MN). 1,616 tests were found to be ordered by oncologists and analyzed separately as a sample subset. Phenotype and allele frequencies were calculated and compared to self-reported ethnicity/race. Results: See table. Conclusions: This is the largest cohort to date to our knowledge that looks at the role of personalized therapy in cancer associated depression. Our data show that different tested ethnic group can show a predilection towards certain metabolic patterns. PMs may experience an increased risk of side effects with antidepressant therapy, whereas UMs may observe a reduction in treatment efficacy. Utilizing PGx to guide drug selection and dosing for cancer patients with depression can reduce trial and error, limit the burden of a very debilitating disease, and improve patients’ quality of life. Since our analyses showed very similar frequencies, we speculate that cancer patients suffering from depression can benefit from early identification. [Table: see text]
Examining patient preferences in the delivery of healthcare education.
Authors: Dvorak Tomas , Skinner Lauren , Valentin Leticia , Hajdenberg Julio 
Published: June 2024

12113 Background: Important component of patient-centered care includes providing patient education. While traditionally provided on paper, electronic methods are becoming increasingly common. In this study, we evaluated a socially assistive robot (SAR Robot) delivering education information to patients via narration of a video, compared with same information provided via a paper-based brochure (Brochure). Methods: The study was a 2-arm, unblinded, randomized trial with a cross-over design, approved by local IRB. Arm 1 was Brochure first, followed by SAR Robot, and Arm 2 was SAR Robot first, followed by a paper Brochure. Questionnaires were completed after each step. The education information provided was on "Diet and Cancer", and the Brochure and the SAR Robot video were adapted from the same script developed by the study authors. Likert scale was used to assess effectiveness of each method and the enjoyment of the SAR Robot experience. Statistics were performed to assess for significance. Results: Between 2021 and 2023, 129 patients were enrolled at Orlando Health Cancer Institute, randomized to Arm 1 (n=64) vs Arm 2 (n=65); 122 patients were analyzable. There were no differences in demographics. Brochure was judged to be Very Effective by 50% in Arm 1 (Brochure first) and 63% in Arm 2 (Brochure second). SAR Robot was judged to be Very Effective by 60% in Arm 1 and 60% in Arm 2. Composite rates of Effective or Very Effective were 97% for Brochure and 88% for Robot SAR. Patients and guests preferred Brochure in 27% in Arm 1 and 17% in Arm 2. They preferred the SAR Robot in 39% in Arm 1 and 42% in Arm 2. They preferred both in 34% and 42%, and of these majority preferred the SAR Robot for explanation and Brochure to take home. There was no statistical difference between arms in effectiveness. There were no differences across demographics. Answering the "My experience with the SAR Robot today was enjoyable" question, 47% of patients responded Strongly Agree, and further 41% responded Agree, 11% were Neutral, and only 1% responded Disagree. There was a significant correlation between enjoying the SAR Robot experience and effectiveness of the SAR Robot; there was no correlation between enjoying the SAR Robot experience and effectiveness of the Brochure. There was no statistical correlation between enjoying the SAR Rabot experience and demographics. Conclusions: Patient reported no significant difference in effectiveness of obtaining education information via a standard paper brochure or from a socially assisted robot. However, they preferred to receive that information from the socially assisted robot, or in combination with the paper brochure to take home. Significant majority of them (88%) enjoyed the socially assisted robot experience during their visit. Providing patient education materials via socially assisted robots may improve patient experience during their clinic visit, without compromising the quality of their education.
Intraoperative Hypotension in Patients Having Major Noncardiac Surgery Under General Anesthesia: A Systematic Review of Blood Pressure Optimization Strategies
Authors: Lee Sandra , Islam Nehal , Ladha Karim S. , van Klei Wilton , Wijeysundera Duminda N. 
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Intraoperative hypotension is associated with increased risks of postoperative complications. Consequently, a variety of blood pressure optimization strategies have been tested to prevent or promptly treat intraoperative hypotension. We performed a systematic review to summarize randomized controlled trials that evaluated the efficacy of blood pressure optimization interventions in either mitigating exposure to intraoperative hypotension or reducing risks of postoperative complications.

METHODS:
Medline, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials were searched from database inception to August 2, 2023, for randomized controlled trials (without language restriction) that evaluated the impact of any blood pressure optimization intervention on intraoperative hypotension and/or postoperative outcomes.

RESULTS:
The review included 48 studies (N = 46,377), which evaluated 10 classes of blood pressure optimization interventions. Commonly assessed interventions included hemodynamic protocols using arterial waveform analysis, preoperative withholding of antihypertensive medications, continuous blood pressure monitoring, and adjuvant agents (vasopressors, anticholinergics, anticonvulsants). These same interventions reduced intraoperative exposure to hypotension. Conversely, low blood pressure alarms had an inconsistent impact on exposure to hypotension. Aside from limited evidence that higher prespecified intraoperative blood pressure targets led to a reduced risk of complications, there were few data suggesting that these interventions prevented postoperative complications. Heterogeneity in interventions and outcomes precluded meta-analysis.

CONCLUSIONS:
Several different blood pressure optimization interventions show promise in reducing exposure to intraoperative hypotension. Nonetheless, the impact of these interventions on clinical outcomes remains unclear. Future trials should assess promising interventions in samples sufficiently large to identify clinically plausible treatment effects on important outcomes.

KEY POINTS

Question:
In patients having inpatient noncardiac surgery under general anesthesia, do blood pressure optimization interventions reduce exposure to intraoperative hypotension and/or risks of postoperative complications?

Findings:
Of the 10 classes of blood pressure evaluated by randomized controlled trials, almost all reduced exposure to intraoperative hypotension but there remains minimal evidence that the same interventions reduce risks of postoperative complications.

Meaning:
High-quality randomized trials remain needed to determine whether promising blood pressure optimization interventions have clinically plausible treatment effects on important adverse postoperative outcomes.
The Effect of COVID-19 on Cardiovascular Diseases and the Need for Beta-Blocker Dose Modification
Authors: Jędrasek Tomasz , Jędrasek Aleksandra , Gawryś Jakub 
Published: June 2024

Introduction and purpose: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its effects on patients remain the main focus of many researchers across the world. One of the challenges faced by medical professionals is the impact of the infection on the course of chronic diseases. Manifestations of the infection are observed mainly in the respiratory system, but other organs, particularly the cardiovascular system, are also frequently affected. Recent data indicates that arterial hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most prevalent comorbidities in patients suffering from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Material and methods: This study aimed to investigate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the cardiovascular system. Apart from the literature review we conducted a retrospective study to check the necessity for modification of chronic treatment in patients with CVD after recovery from COVID-19, particularly regarding the use of beta blockers. Results: Using the Mann-Whitney U test a positive correlation (p = 0.04) was found between the presence of coronary artery disease before COVID-19 and a need for an increase in the beta-blockers dose. Conclusions: Patients with preexisting CVD should be closely monitored during and after recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection due to the higher risk of complications and the potential need for modifications in the treatment of chronic diseases. Patients with coronary artery diseases may need an increase in beta-blocker doses after recovery. This is an important issue for future research, especially in the context of long COVID-19.
Feasibility of ultrasound radiomics based models for classification of liver fibrosis due to Schistosoma japonicum infection
Authors: Guo Zhaoyu , Zhao Miaomiao , Liu Zhenhua , Zheng Jinxin , Gong Yanfeng , Huang Lulu , Xue Jingbo , Zhou Xiaonong , Li Shizhu 
Published: June 2024

Background
Schistosomiasis japonica represents a significant public health concern in South Asia. There is an urgent need to optimize existing schistosomiasis diagnostic techniques. This study aims to develop models for the different stages of liver fibrosis caused by Schistosoma infection utilizing ultrasound radiomics and machine learning techniques.

Methods
From 2018 to 2022, we retrospectively collected data on 1,531 patients and 5,671 B-mode ultrasound images from the Second People’s Hospital of Duchang City, Jiangxi Province, China. The datasets were screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria suitable for radiomics models. Liver fibrosis due to Schistosoma infection (LFSI) was categorized into four stages: grade 0, grade 1, grade 2, and grade 3. The data were divided into six binary classification problems, such as group 1 (grade 0 vs. grade 1) and group 2 (grade 0 vs. grade 2). Key radiomic features were extracted using Pyradiomics, the Mann-Whitney U test, and the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO). Machine learning models were constructed using Support Vector Machine (SVM), and the contribution of different features in the model was described by applying Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP).

Results
This study ultimately included 1,388 patients and their corresponding images. A total of 851 radiomics features were extracted for each binary classification problems. Following feature selection, 18 to 76 features were retained from each groups. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the validation cohorts was 0.834 (95% CI: 0.779–0.885) for the LFSI grade 0 vs. LFSI grade 1, 0.771 (95% CI: 0.713–0.835) for LFSI grade 1 vs. LFSI grade 2, and 0.830 (95% CI: 0.762–0.885) for LFSI grade 2 vs. LFSI grade 3.

Conclusion
Machine learning models based on ultrasound radiomics are feasible for classifying different stages of liver fibrosis caused by Schistosoma infection.
Thinking twice
Authors: Huizi Pello 
Published: June 2024

Liburu hau eskuetan hartzean, irakurleak, segur aski, aurrena azalean jarriko du arreta. Hor, liburuaren izena, egilearen izena eta irudi bat aurkituko ditu. Hasteko, esan dezadan zer edo zer horietako bakoitzaz. Thinking twice du izena liburuak. Badu, ordea, azpititulu bat ere. Zorionez, esango nuke nik. Hona azpititulua: Two minds in one brain. Liburua zertaz ari den hobeki adierazten digu honek izenburuak baino. ‘Think twice’ esapidea oso erabilia da ingelesez, baina horren esanahia ‘bi aldiz pentsatzea’ da, oso ongi pentsatzea, alegia. Eta liburua ez da horretaz ari. Liburuaren gaia honako hau da: inguruneak jartzen dizkion arazoei erantzuteko gizakiak bi era dituela, edo, nahiago bada, azpitituluak berak iradokitzen duen bezala, giza garunean bi gogamen daudela, bata intuiziozkoa eta bestea gogoetazkoa.
Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Fine-Needle Aspiration in Patients With Suspected Infected Pancreatic Necrosis
Authors: Hong Donghuang , Wang Peng , Xu Yao , Xu Shan , Yu Lei , Tong Zhihui , Li Weiqin , Qin Kaixiu , Ke Lu ,   on behalf of the Chinese Acute Pancreatitis Clinical Trials Group (CAPCTG)
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is no longer recommended for diagnosing infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) due to a high false-negative rate. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is a valuable tool for identifying potential pathogens. We hypothesized that adding mNGS to the standard FNA procedure may increase diagnostic accuracy.

METHODS:
This is a prospective, single-arm feasibility study enrolling patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis complicated by suspected IPN. Computed tomography-guided FNA was performed immediately after enrollment, and the drainage samples were subjected to culture and mNGS assays simultaneously. Confirmatory IPN within the following week of the index FNA procedure was the reference standard. The diagnostic performance of FNA-mNGS and the impact of mNGS results on treatment were evaluated. Historical controls were used for comparison of clinical outcomes.

RESULTS:
There was no significant difference between mNGS and culture in the positive rate (75% vs 70%, P = 0.723). The accuracy of FNA-mNGS was 80.0%, with a sensitivity of 82.35%, specificity of 66.67%, positive predictive value of 93.3%, and negative predictive value of 40.0%. The results of the mNGS led to treatment change in 16 of 20 patients (80%), including implementing percutaneous catheter drainage (n = 7), expanding antibiotic coverage (n = 2), percutaneous catheter drainage and expanding coverage (n = 4), narrowing antibiotic coverage (n = 1), and discontinuation of antibiotics (n = 2). The FNA-mNGS approach was not associated with improved clinical outcomes compared with the historical control group.

DISCUSSION:
The addition of mNGS to standard FNA has comparable diagnostic accuracy with culture-based FNA and may not be associated with improved clinical outcomes.
Contours of Status and Power: Seats and Sitting Postures in Charles Dickens’s Our Mutual Friend
Authors: Chen Houliang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Victorians were notorious for their preoccupation with the posture and carriage of men and women, by which they outlined the contours of their refinement and moral characters. Drawing on Victorian etiquette manuals and modern social psychological studies regarding sitting postures, this article addresses scenes and melodramas featuring seats in Charles Dickens’s Our Mutual Friend so as to reveal how Dickens has created a scathing satire on the respectable pretension and deep moral vices of Victorian society through his seemingly exaggerated description of characters’ sitting manners. It argues that seat performance is not only a crucial means for Victorians’ self-representation but also a shrewd strategy for domination. While Dickens’s caricatured depictions of Lammle’s and Fledgeby’s abominable sitting manners manifests his biting attacks on Victorian predatory fortune-hunters’ thirst for power and money, his rendition of Jenny’s and Bella’s questionable sitting poses lays bare the miseries and imprisonment of women in that era.
Soziolinguistische Aspekte des kolumbianischen Spanisch: Der Parlache
Authors: Hennecke Angelika 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This article deals with the sociolinguistic phenomenon of parlache in Colombian Spanish, which has developed from an argot into a sociolect. It has found its way into the general language and has become an integral part of the vocabulary of Colombians. The Parlache was originated in the marginal and peripheral sectors of the city of Medellín (Antioquia region), where it spread mainly among marginalised and therefore criminal youth from the slums. In contrast to many other slangs, jargots or argots, the parlache has meanwhile evolved from a so-called “anti-language” to a widespread idiom, especially among young people. But it has also conquered the media and found its way into literature, theatre and music, and is used and propagated, for example, by the well-known Colombian singer Juanes. The article traces the emergence of parlache since the 1980 s, analyses its main word formation patterns and provides some lexical examples. Furthermore, it will shed light on the reasons for the popularisation of this sociolect, which include, among others, the enormous linguistic wit and creativity of the speakers. Despite its peculiarities, the phenomenon is hardly known outside Colombia, and there are only a few works on it in the German-speaking world. Therefore, in conclusion, the need for further research is also pointed out, since a further popularisation, especially by the German-speaking countries, is expected.