bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Left‐eigenstate completely renormalized equation‐of‐motion coupled‐cluster methods: Review of key concepts, extension to excited states of open‐shell systems, and comparison with electron‐attached and ionized approaches
Authors: Piecuch Piotr , Gour Jeffrey R. , Włoch Marta 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe recently proposed left‐eigenstate completely renormalized (CR) coupled‐cluster (CC) method with singles, doubles, and noniterative triples, termed CR‐CC(2,3) Piecuch and Włoch, J Chem Phys, 2005, 123, 224105; Piecuch et al. Chem Phys Lett, 2006, 418, 467 and the companion CR‐EOMCC(2,3) methodology, which has been previously applied to singlet excited states of closed‐shell molecular systems Włoch et al. Mol Phys, 2006, 104, 2149 and in which relatively inexpensive noniterative corrections due to triple excitations derived from the biorthogonal method of moments of CC equations (MMCC) are added to the CC singles and doubles (CCSD) or equation‐of‐motion (EOM) CCSD energies, have been extended to excited states of open‐shell species. The resulting highly efficient computer codes for the open‐shell CR‐EOMCC(2,3) approach exploiting the recursively generated intermediates and fast matrix multiplication routines have been developed and interfaced with the GAMESS package, enabling CR‐EOMCC(2,3) calculations for singlet as well as nonsinglet ground and excited states of closed‐ and open‐shell systems using the restricted Hartree–Fock or restricted open‐shell Hartree–Fock references. A number of important mathematical and algorithmic details related to formal aspects and computer implementation of the CR‐EOMCC(2,3) method have been discussed, in addition to overviewing the key concepts behind the CR‐EOMCC(2,3) and biorthogonal MMCC methodologies for ground and excited states, and the numerical results involving low‐lying states of the CH, CNC, C2N, N3, and NCO species, including states dominated by two‐electron transitions, have been presented. The results of the CR‐EOMCC(2,3) calculations have been compared with other CC/EOMCC approaches, including the EOMCCSD and EOMCC singles, doubles, and triples methods, and their full and active‐space valence counterparts based on the electron‐attached and ionized EOMCC methodologies, and the predecessor of CR‐EOMCC(2,3) termed CR‐EOMCCSD(T) Kowalski and Piecuch, J Chem Phys, 2004, 120, 1715. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Study on the mechanical performance of Butterfly Arch Bridge
Authors: Lu Pengzhen , Zhang Junping , Zhao Renda 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper presents issues in the design concept, analysis and test results of a single span special‐shaped arch bridge—the Butterfly Arch Bridge located in Zhongshan, Guangdong, China. The bridge is composed of ribs of tow slope steel arch, steel box girder of bridge deck curves and inclined boom. It is a special‐shape bridge of spatial girder and arch combination. This paper discusses the experimental study and the finite element simulation analysis for the main components of the bridge. Emphasis will be put on the following three aspects: First, model design adopts the similarity principle of the stress and stiffness. The stress similarity was considered first when the two principles are in conflict. Second, the finite element model of the bridge should adopt a composite element according to the different structural members of the bridge. Third, the weight of the two arch ribs and all dead loads of the main girder, in addition to part of the live loads, must be in a balanced condition. Furthermore, based on results from tests and simulation analysis, the following four key issues were studied: (a) theory of the bridge calculation; (b) behaviour of the bridge spatial mechanics; (c) the dynamic behaviour of the bridge; and (d) stiffness relation between the two arch ribs, steel box beam and end cross beam. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic amplification factor for progressive collapse resistance analysis of an RC building
Authors: Tsai Meng‐Hao , Lin Bing‐Hui 
Published: July 2009

AbstractLinear static (LS), nonlinear static (NS) and nonlinear dynamic analyses were conducted to estimate the progressive collapse resistance of a reinforced concrete building. The step‐by‐step procedure recommended by the US General Service Administration was used for the LS analysis. Load‐displacement response curves were compared to investigate the force‐based dynamic amplification factor (DAF), which was defined in this study. It was observed that a constant DAF equal to 2·0 was conservative for estimating the collapse resistance of a ductile column‐removed building. However, the LS procedure may fail to appropriately simulate the inelastic response of the building. A capacity curve, constructed from the NS load‐displacement response, may be applied to prediction of the collapse resistance and DAF for a column‐removed building. An analytical method was proposed to demonstrate the dependency of the DAF on hinge model parameters. The proposed method was capable of predicting the collapse resistance and the force‐based DAF of an inelastic structure under vertical downward loadings. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polymerization of vinyl chloride with Cp*Ti(OPh)3/MAO catalyst in toluene
Authors: Nomaguchi Tsuyoshi , Tsuchiya Yoshikatsu , Endo Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPolymerization of vinyl chloride (VC) with a Cp*Ti(OPh)3/MAO catalyst in toluene was investigated. The polymerization rate was lower than that in CH2Cl2, and the mm triad concentration of the PVC obtained in toluene was somewhat higher than that of the PVC obtained in CH2Cl2. As the polymerization in toluene proceeded at a considerable rate, a kinetic study of this polymerization was undertaken. The polymer yield increased with reaction time, and the molecular weight of the polymer increased with increasing polymer yield. The Mw/Mn ratio of the polymer decreased with increasing polymerization temperature. The initiator efficiency of the catalyst was low at the initial stage of the polymerization in toluene, but it reached nearly 100% when the polymerization was carried out for more than 30 h. The control of both themolecular weight of PVC and its main‐chain structure was found to be possible in the polymerization of VC with the Cp*Ti(OPh)3/MAO catalyst in toluene. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Structural Characterization and Theoretical Calculations of cis‐Dioxo(N‐salicylidene‐2‐aminophenolato)(ethanol)molybdenum(VI) Complexes MoO2(SAP)(EtOH) (SAP = N‐salicylidene‐2 aminophenolato)
Authors: Agustin Dominique , Bibal Christine , Neveux Benjamin , Daran Jean‐Claude , Poli Rinaldo 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe crystal structure of MoO2(SAP)(EtOH) is reported for the first time. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic crystallographic system (P21/n, a = 11.0923(3) Å, b = 6.9590(2) Å, c = 19.4499(5) Å, β = 94.458(1)°, V = 1496.82(7) Å3, Z = 4). The molybdenum atom adopts a distorted octahedral arrangement with cis Mo=O bonds, typical for cis‐dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes. The ethanol ligand is situated trans to one oxido ligand. Theoretical calculations in the gas phase were performed to examine the relative stability of MoO2(L)(EtOH) and the [MoO2(L)]2 dimeric form (L = SAP, SAE).
Evaluation of Adult Outpatient Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sedation Practices: Are Patients Being Sedated Optimally?
Authors: Middelkamp Janel E. , Forster Bruce B. , Keogh Ciaran , Lennox Pamela , Mayson Kelly 
Published: July 2009

Purpose To evaluate the use of anxiolytics in adult outpatient magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) centres and to determine whether utilisation is optimal based on the pharmacology of the drugs used, who prescribes these drugs, and how patients are managed after administration. Materials and Methods Identical paper and Web-based surveys were used to anonymously collect data about radiologists' use of anxiolytic agents for adult outpatient MRI examinations. The survey questions were about the type of facility, percentage of studies that require sedation, the drug used and route of administration, who orders the drug, timing of administration, patient monitoring during and observation after the study, use of a dedicated nurse for monitoring, and use of standard sedation and discharge protocols. The χ2 analysis for statistical association among variables was used. Results Eighty-five of 263 surveys were returned (32% response rate). The radiologist ordered the medication (53%) in slightly more facilities than the referring physician (44%) or the nurse. Forty percent of patients received medication 15–30 minutes before MRI, which is too early for peak effect of oral or sublingual drugs. Lorazepam was most commonly used (64% first choice). Facilities with standard sedation protocols (56%) were more likely to use midazolam than those without standard sedation protocols (17% vs 10%), to have a nurse for monitoring ( P = .032), to have standard discharge criteria ( P = .001), and to provide written information regarding adverse effects ( P = .002). Conclusions Many outpatients in MRI centres may be scanned before the peak effect of anxiolytics prescribed. A standard sedation protocol in such centres is associated with a more appropriate drug choice, as well as optimized monitoring and postprocedure care.
Total cercarial output in two populations of Galba truncatula experimentally infected with Fasciola hepatica
Authors: Vignoles P. , Aimeur F. , Titi A. , Rondelaud D. , Mekroud A. , Dreyfuss G. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractExperimental infections of pre-adult Galba truncatula (two populations) using one, two, three or five miracidia of Fasciola hepatica per snail were carried out to determine the total number of cercariae produced by snails when they were sacrificed at day 70 post-exposure (at 24°C). When the number of miracidia used for each snail increased at exposure, significant numerical augmentations of live rediae and of intraredial differentiating cercariae were noted. In contrast, only insignificant differences between mean numbers of free cercariae were found. The number of metacercariae produced by each snail (after shedding and/or after dissection) increased in infections with up to three miracidia per snail in each population and strongly decreased in infections with five miracidia per snail. Compared to the other types of infections, the delay of cercarial differentiation noted in the five-miracidia groups was probably due to the volume of the snail host, which would be too small to assure the complete development of five sporocysts.
Morphometric and molecular characterizations of schistosome populations in Estuaire province Gabon
Authors: Mintsa Nguema R. , Milama K. Mengue Ngou , Kombila M. , Richard-Lenoble D. , Tisseyre P. , Ibikounlé M. , Moné H. , Mouahid G. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to test the hypothesis of the presence of hybrids between Schistosoma guineensis and S. haematobium in the Estuaire province (Western Gabon). Egg morphometry and single-stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis on adult worms were used in order to characterize the schistosome populations of two sites. The morphology of the eggs showed three morphotypes: S. haematobium, S. guineensis and intermediate morphotypes, but the eggs of the morphotype S. guineensis were smaller compared to the values found in the literature. Furthermore, the SSCP analysis of the adult schistosomes showed that all the patterns corresponded to that of S. haematobium and gave evidence that hybrids were absent from our samples.
Final Reply to Professor Schweickart
Authors: Arnold N. Scott 
Published: July 2009

Since Schweickart asserts that I have not addressed his main argument, let me consider briefly the four claims he advances at the beginning of his second reply.Regarding 1: To argue, as I have, that there would be a strong tendency for market socialism to degenerate into capitalism, it is necessary to spell out carefully what capitalism is. Following Marx, I defined capitalism as a system in which the workers do not control the means of production and the workers sell their labor power as a commodity. As G.A. Cohen has pointed out (Cohen, 1978, pp. 219–23), this definition can be given a rechtsfrei characterization in terms of effective powers over means of production and labor power. Actual legal arrangements are not the issue. In my original paper, I never said that the workers would sell the means of production. Thus 1 is irrelevant. The real questions are: (a) Who effectively controls the means of production? (b) Who effectively gets the profits? If the answer to both of these questions is, “Not the workers,” it follows that the workers are effectively proletarians and the system is a form of capitalism.
International Organizations and Their Officials: to Tax or not to Tax?
Authors: Muixer Sam 
Published: July 2009

Taking the United Nations, its specialized agencies and the EC as a focal point, this article looks at the fiscal position of international organizations and their officials vis-à-vis their host state. Firstly, the fiscal privileges are examined from a theoretical point of view, after which a number of cases are analyzed in which international organizations and their host state differed in their views on the application of the aforementioned privileges.From a broader perspective, this study explores the watercourse of standards which have sprung on the international level down to their application in daily life. A particular type of provision -concerning the fiscal immunities of an international organization and its officialscontained in a particular type of multilateral convention, dealing with the status, privileges and immunities of international organizations and their officials, is followed down to its application on the national level.
The General Assembly's Request for an Advisory Opinion From the International Court of Justice on the Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons
Authors: Lailach Martin 
Published: July 2009

On 15 December 1994, the UN General Assembly adopted Resolution 49/75K by which it decided:to request the International Court of Justice urgently to render its advisory opinion on the following question: ‘Is the threat or use of nuclear weapons in any circumstance permitted under international law?’
The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia: Some Introductory Remarks From a Defence Point of View
Authors: Sjöcrona Jan M. 
Published: July 2009

Antonio Cassese, who is now President of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), once observed from an academic point of view:[i]nternational legal control of warfare has kept pace with the developments in organized armed violence only to a limited extend. Major military Powers have not accepted sweeping restraints, with the consequence that this body of law is beset with deficiencies, loopholes, and ambiguity.
Rebirth of Chinese Legal Scholarship, With Regard To International Law
Authors: Sucharitkul Sompong 
Published: July 2009

The fate of Chinese legal scholarship appears to have been closely linked to the chronological development of legal education in China. The periods of incubation of legal scholarship covered nearly three decades of internal strife and political turmoil from 1949 to 1978. The rebirth of Chinese legal scholarship did not take place immediately upon China's return to the United Nations (in 1971). This return, however, marked the first sign of a change of policy towards legal scholarship.The author briefly describes the history, development and current status of (Chinese) legal scholarship and attitude towards international law in China.
A short reply to Wolff's (Plato's) argument that democracy is irrational
Authors: Smith Fraser W. 
Published: July 2009

Wolff suggests by way of the following argument (adapted by Wolff from Plato's Republic) that democracy appears to be irrational. Here is the argument given:1) Ruling is a skill.2) It is rational to leave the exercise of skills to experts [sic]3) In a democracy the people rule.4) The people are not experts. Therefore:5) Democracy is irrational.
Homocysteine Level in Schizophrenia Patients
Authors: Ma Yin Ying , Shek Chi Chung , Wong Max C. K. , Yip Ka Chee , Ng Roger M. K. , Nguyen Desmond G. H. , Poon Ting Keung 
Published: July 2009

Objective: Elevated serum levels of homocysteine have been shown to be associated with schizophrenia in some studies, but the evidence is still limited and mixed. The aim of the present study was therefore to evaluate the serum homocysteine level in Chinese in schizophrenia patients and assess its association with clinical phenotypes of the disease. Method: A total of 250 inpatients and 250 healthy controls were identified at Kowloon Hospital and the Red Cross Blood Donation Centre, respectively. Each subject was evaluated with a structured diagnostic interview. Demographic data were collected and blood was analysed for homocysteine level. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale was used to grade clinical symptoms of schizophrenia. Confounding factors affecting homocysteine levels were controlled by strict exclusion criteria or statistical methods. Results: Serum homocysteine level was elevated in Chinese schizophrenia patients. Both male (mean, 12.26 µmol L−1; control, 11.40 µmol L−1, p = 0.026) and female (mean, 9.61 µmol L−1; control, 8.33 µmol L−1, p < 0.001) patients had a higher serum homocysteine level than the healthy controls, and these differences persisted after controlling for age. There was no significant association between serum homocysteine level and duration of illness, clinical symptoms or age of onset of schizophrenia. Conclusion: The serum homocysteine levels were elevated in both male and female Chinese schizophrenia patients. The levels were not apparently related to other clinical parameters.
Selective activation of PI3Kα/Akt/GSK‐3β signalling and cardiac compensatory hypertrophy during recovery from heart failure
Authors: Braz Julian C. , Gill Robert M. , Corbly Angela K. , Jones Bonita D. , Jin Najia , Vlahos Chris J. , Wu Qingyu , Shen Weiqun 
Published: July 2009

AimsActivation of phosphoinositide‐3 kinase (PI3K) is essential for cell growth, relating to adaptive and maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy. This longitudinal canine study was designed to investigate the role of PI3Kα and PI3Kγ in cardiac remodelling during congestive heart failure (CHF) and cardiac recovery (CR).Methods and resultsAll dogs were surgically instrumented. Congestive heart failure was induced by cardiac pacing for 3–4 weeks and CR was allowed by terminating pacing for 5–6 weeks after induction of HF. Control dogs had sham surgery, but did not undergo pacing. Left ventricular (LV) contractile function was depressed in CHF and restored to 80–90% of the normal level in CR, with a 25% increase in LV weight. The expression of PI3Kγ was increased four‐fold in CHF, but returned to control levels in CR. In contrast, the expression of PI3Kα in CHF was not different from that in controls, but increased three‐fold in CR and was accompanied by increases in phosphorylation of Akt (five‐fold), GSK‐3β (five‐fold), β‐catenin (three‐fold), mTOR (two‐fold), and P70S6K (two‐fold).ConclusionOur results indicate that PI3K isoforms are regulated differently during the course of CHF/CR and that the selective activation of PI3Kα, through Akt, GSK‐3β, and mTOR signalling pathways, may be involved in the development of cardiac compensatory hypertrophy and functional restoration.
Endocytosis and Endosomal Regulation of theS-Receptor Kinase during the Self-Incompatibility Response inBrassica oleracea
Authors: Ivanov Rumen , Gaude Thierry 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIntracellular trafficking of plant receptor kinases (PRKs) is a key step in regulation of cellular signaling. Our current knowledge in this field is based on systems that address signaling pathways affecting the whole cell. There are, however, signaling phenomena that add a further layer of complexity. In the Brassica self-incompatibility response, a single cell can adequately respond to two opposite stimuli: accepting cross-pollen and rejecting self-pollen simultaneously. To understand how PRK signaling can influence the coexistence of two seemingly exclusive states of the cell, we investigated the subcellular localization and internalization of the S-receptor kinase (SRK) involved in the self-incompatibility response of Brassica oleracea. Here, we describe the unusual subcellular distribution of SRK3, which localizes predominantly to intracellular compartments and to a much lesser extent to the plasma membrane. Using an anti-SRK antibody that fully substitutes for the natural ligand, we demonstrate that the interaction with the receptor takes place at the plasma membrane and is followed by SRK internalization in endosomes that are enriched in the SRK negative regulator Thioredoxin-h-like1.
The Histidine Kinases CYTOKININ-INDEPENDENT1 and ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE KINASE2 and 3 Regulate Vascular Tissue Development inArabidopsisShoots
Authors: Hejátko Jan , Ryu Hojin , Kim Gyung-Tae , Dobešová Romana , Choi Sunhwa , Choi Sang Mi , Souček Přemysl , Horák Jakub , Pekárová Blanka , Palme Klaus , Brzobohatý Břetislav , Hwang Ildoo 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe development and activity of the procambium and cambium, which ensure vascular tissue formation, is critical for overall plant architecture and growth. However, little is known about the molecular factors affecting the activity of vascular meristems and vascular tissue formation. Here, we show that the His kinase CYTOKININ-INDEPENDENT1 (CKI1) and the cytokinin receptors ARABIOPSIS HISTIDINE KINASE2 (AHK2) and AHK3 are important regulators of vascular tissue development in Arabidopsis thaliana shoots. Genetic modifications of CKI1 activity in Arabidopsis cause dysfunction of the two-component signaling pathway and defects in procambial cell maintenance. CKI1 overexpression in protoplasts leads to cytokinin-independent activation of the two-component phosphorelay, and intracellular domains are responsible for the cytokinin-independent activity of CKI1. CKI1 expression is observed in vascular tissues of inflorescence stems, and CKI1 forms homodimers both in vitro and in planta. Loss-of-function ahk2 and ahk3 mutants and plants with reduced levels of endogenous cytokinins show defects in procambium proliferation and an absence of secondary growth. CKI1 overexpression partially rescues ahk2 ahk3 phenotypes in vascular tissue, while the negative mutation CKI1H405Q further accentuates mutant phenotypes. These results indicate that the cytokinin-independent activity of CKI1 and cytokinin-induced AHK2 and AHK3 are important for vascular bundle formation in Arabidopsis.
Downy Mildew Resistance in Arabidopsis by Mutation of HOMOSERINE KINASE
Authors: van Damme Mireille , Zeilmaker Tieme , Elberse Joyce , Andel Annemiek , de Sain-van der Velden Monique , van den Ackerveken Guido 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Plant disease resistance is commonly triggered by early pathogen recognition and activation of immunity. An alternative form of resistance is mediated by recessive downy mildew resistant 1 (dmr1) alleles in Arabidopsis thaliana. Map-based cloning revealed that DMR1 encodes homoserine kinase (HSK). Six independent dmr1 mutants each carry a different amino acid substitution in the HSK protein. Amino acid analysis revealed that dmr1 mutants contain high levels of homoserine that is undetectable in wild-type plants. Surprisingly, the level of amino acids downstream in the aspartate (Asp) pathway was not reduced in dmr1 mutants. Exogenous homoserine does not directly affect pathogen growth but induces resistance when infiltrated in Arabidopsis. We provide evidence that homoserine accumulation in the chloroplast triggers a novel form of downy mildew resistance that is independent of known immune responses.