bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community Capacity Building as the Route to Inclusion in Neighbourhood Regeneration?
Authors: FALLOV MIA ARP 
Published: April 2010

AbstractHow are we to understand the spread of the notion of capacity building in neighbourhood regeneration and policies to fight social exclusion? In this article, capacity building is understood as central to the mode of contemporary governance and the strategies of ‘the third way’ in England and Denmark. The article explores the concept of community capacity building and its relations to social capital. It argues that the Foucaultian concept of ‘management of possibilities’ is a useful ‘grid of intelligibility’ for a mode of government that works by constructing particular subjectivities of inclusion. It argues further that Bourdieu's notion of ‘habitus’ enables analysis of how processes of capacity building are embodied and how the capacity building approach is legitimized. Using local experiences of neighbourhood regeneration, it discusses how community capacity building depends on particular forms of social capital and involves the naturalization of particular capacities. The advantage of this perspective lies in disclosing how inclusion becomes dependent on acquiring a particular curriculum of capacities relating to the area and its inhabitants.Résumé Comment appréhender la progression de la notion de renforcement des capacités dans le cadre de la régénération de quartiers et des politiques de lutte contre l'exclusion sociale? Le renforcement des capacités est considéré ici comme un élément central de la gouvernance contemporaine et des stratégies de ‘la troisième voie’ en Angleterre et au Danemark. L'article explore le concept de renforcement des capacités communautaires, ainsi que ses rapports avec le capital social. ‘Aménager la probabilité’, le concept de Foucault, constitue une ‘grille d'intelligibilité’ pour un mode de gouvernement qui fonctionne en développant des subjectivités d'inclusion spécifiques. De plus, la notion d'‘habitus’ de Bourdieu permet d'analyser comment les processus de renforcement des capacités se concrétisent et comment l'approche du renforcement des capacités trouve sa légitimité. En s'appuyant sur des expériences locales de régénération de quartiers, l'article étudie la manière dont le développement des capacités communautaires dépend de formes spécifiques de capital social et exige l'acclimatation de certaines capacités. Cette perspective a pour avantage de révéler de quelle façon l'inclusion devient dépendante de l'acquisition d'un programme de capacités propre à la zone et à ses habitants.
Cell resilience in species life spans: a link to inflammation?
Authors: Finch Caleb E. , Morgan Todd E. , Longo Valter D. , De Magalhaes Joao P. 
Published: April 2010

SummarySpecies differences in life span have been attributed to cellular survival during various stressors, designated here as ‘cell resilience’. In primary fibroblast cultures, cell resilience during exposure to free radicals, hypoglycemia, hyperthermia, and various toxins has shown generally consistent correlations with the species characteristic life spans of birds and mammals. However, the mechanistic links of cell resilience in fibroblast cultures to different species life spans are poorly understood. We propose that certain experimental stressors are relevant to somatic damage in vivo during inflammatory responses of innate immunity, particularly, resistance to reactive oxygen species (ROS), low glucose, and hyperthermia. According to this hypothesis, somatic cell resilience determines species differences in longevity during repeated infections and traumatic injuries in the natural environment. Infections and injury expose local fibroblasts and other cells to ROS generated by macrophages and to local temperature elevations. Systemically, acute phase immune reactions cause hypoglycemia and hyperthermia. We propose that cell resilience to somatic stressors incurred in inflammation is important in the evolution of longevity and that longer‐lived species are specifically more resistant to immune‐related stressors. This hypothesis further specifies Kirkwood’s disposable soma theory. We suggest expanding the battery of stressors and markers used for comparative studies to additional cell types and additional parameters relevant to host defense and to their ecological specificities.
Source, timing, frequency and flux of ice‐rafted detritus to the Northeast Atlantic margin, 30–12 ka: testing the Heinrich precursor hypothesis
Authors: HAAPANIEMI ANNA I. , SCOURSE JAMES D. , PECK VICTORIA L. , KENNEDY HILARY , KENNEDY PAUL , HEMMING SIDNEY R. , FURZE MARK F. A. , PIEŃKOWSKI ANNA J. , AUSTIN WILLIAM E. N. , WALDEN JOHN , WADSWORTH EMILIE , HALL IAN R. 
Published: April 2010

Haapaniemi, A.I., Scourse, J.D., Peck, V.L., Kennedy, H., Kennedy, P., Hemming, S.R., Furze, M.F.A., Pieńkowski, A.J., Austin, W.E.N., Walden, J., Wadsworth, E. & Hall, I.R. 2010: Source, timing, frequency and flux of ice‐rafted detritus to the Northeast Atlantic margin, 30–12 ka: testing the Heinrich precursor hypothesis. Boreas, Vol. 39, pp. 576–591. 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2010.00141.x. ISSN 0300‐9483.Increased fluxes of ice‐rafted detritus (IRD) from European ice sheets have been documented some 1000–1500 years before the arrival of Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS)‐sourced IRD during Heinrich (H) events. These early fluxes have become known as ‘precursor events’, and it has been suggested that they have mechanistic significance in the propagation of H events. Here we present a re‐analysis of one of the main cores used to generate the precursor concept, OMEX‐2K from the Goban Spur covering the last 30 ka, in order to identify whether the British–Irish Ice Sheet (BIIS) IRD fluxes occur only as precursors before H layers. IRD characterization and planktonic foraminiferal δ18O measurements constrained by a new age model have enabled the generation of a continuous record of IRD sources, timing, frequency and flux, and of local contemporary hydrographic conditions. The evidence indicates that BIIS IRD precursors are not uniquely, or mechanistically, linked to H events, but are part of the pervasive millennial‐scale cyclicity. Our results support an LIS source for the IRD comprising H layers, but the ambient glacial sections are dominated by assemblages typical of the Irish Sea Ice Stream. Light isotope excursions associated with H events are interpreted as resulting from the melting of the BIIS, with ice‐sheet destabilization attributed to eustatic jumps generated by LIS discharge during H events. This positive‐feedback mechanism probably caused similar responses in all circum‐Atlantic ice‐sheet margins, and the resulting gross freshwater flux contributed to the perturbation of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation during H events.
Integrated Environmental Assessment of Supply‐Side and Demand‐Side Measures for Carbon Dioxide Mitigation in Tokyo, Japan
Authors: Kraines Steven B. , Ishida Takeshi , Wallace David R. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryBuilding on previously introduced concepts and software, we constructed an interlinked system of models, called an “integrated model project,” for assessing integrated effects of supply‐side and demand‐side technologies and policies for carbon dioxide (CO2) mitigation in urban areas. We used the integrated model project to evaluate scenarios that included introduction of a solid oxide fuel cell combined with a gas turbine topping cycle (SOFC/GT) as a supply‐side technology and reduction of electricity demand by energy conservation and rooftop photovoltaic (PV) cells in residential and commercial buildings as a demand‐side measure in Tokyo, Japan. Modeling results indicate that integrating multiple supply‐side and demand‐side countermeasures can result in more effective mitigation of CO2 emissions. In particular, although separately a moderate CO2 tax and the SOFC/GT technology do not produce large CO2 mitigation, the combination of the two with PV installation could result in a 50% reduction in CO2 emissions in 2050. Cancellation effects of combinations of supply‐side and demand‐side measures were also seen between supply‐side SOFC/GT systems and demand‐side rooftop PV cells, effects that might not be apparent without the integrated environmental assessment approach that we have adopted. An integrated environmental assessment approach using tools such as those described in this article could help researchers to assess these kinds of dynamic, nonlinear effects, which would not be predicted by conventional linear, “additive” approaches.
Patient‐Dentist Communication: An Adjunct to Successful Complete Denture Treatment
Authors: Shigli Kamal , Awinashe Vaibhav 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDentists are considered masters in technical skills and should be able to provide quick solutions to problems that can best be solved through communicating patiently with patients. Effective communication coupled with good clinical skills can lead to apt treatment and satisfaction for both the patient and the dentist. This article intends to highlight the communication skills that can improve the prognosis of complete denture treatment.
The Use of Scripting at Triage and Its Impact on Elopements
Authors: Handel Daniel A. , Fu Rongwei , Daya Mohamud , York Jodie , Larson Eric , John McConnell K. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectives:  The objective of this study was to measure the effect of scripting language at triage on the likelihood of elopements, controlling for patient volume and other potential confounding variables.Methods:  This was a pre‐ and postintervention cohort study using the same 5‐month period (November 2007–March 2008 and November 2008–March 2009, respectively) that included in the analysis all patients 21 years of age and older, who presented to the triage window in the emergency department (ED) waiting room (not by ambulance). As part of the scripting, triage nurses informed patients of the longest waiting time (at that point in time) for any patients still waiting to be brought back from the waiting room into the ED. Rates of elopement were compared between patients who did and did not receive the scripting, controlling for individual and daily ED variables.Results:  A total of 24,390 ED visits were included in this analysis. The elopement rate was 4.4% among ED patients in the prescripting period, compared to 2.3% in the postscripting period. In a multivariate logistic regression model, the use of scripting was significantly associated with decreased odds of elopement, compared to the nonscripting group (odds ratio [OR] = 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.46 to 0.80).Conclusions:  The use of triage scripting was found to significantly reduce elopement rates in patients placed in the ED waiting room, even after controlling for other confounding variables. Scripting is a simple and underutilized technique that can have a positive effect for patients and the ED.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:495–500 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Development of a Novel Animal Burn Model Using Radiant Heat in Rats and Swine
Authors: Gurfinkel Reuven , Singer Adam J. , Cagnano Emanuela , Rosenberg Lior 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectives:  The objective was to develop a novel animal model of burns in rats and pigs.Methods:  The model uses heat that is delivered via a radiant heater with an opening of 5 cm by 5 cm, set at 400°C, for 20 seconds. An advantage of this model is that the heating source does not come into direct contact with the animal, and the heat dispersion surrounding its center is very constant. The device was evaluated in 40 rats and seven pigs. With rats, three to four burns were created on each rat, resulting in a burn covering a total body surface area of 30% to 50%. In pigs, 16 burns were created on each animal.Results:  In rats, infliction of burns resulted in mortality rates of 0%–50% depending on the size of the burns and the rats. In pigs, the burns reepithelialized within approximately 3 weeks and resulted in hourglass contracted scars in two of three burns within 1 month.Conclusions:  The authors describe a novel animal burn model that utilizes radiant heat to create consistent burns that maximizes safety to the investigators and animals.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:514–520 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Non‐invasive bioengineering methods in an intervention study in 1020 male metal workers: results and implications for occupational dermatology
Authors: Kütting Birgitta , Uter Wolfgang , Baumeister Thomas , Schaller Barbara , Weistenhöfer Wobbeke , Drexler Hans 
Published: April 2010

Background: Measurements of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) as an indicator of skin barrier function and colorimetry for quantifying erythema have been recommended for monitoring persons at risk of occupational hand dermatitis. Objective: This study examines the practicability and usefulness of biophysical measurements at the workplace. Patients/Material/Methods: A sample of 1020 male metal workers was enrolled; 800 participants were followed up for 1 year. TEWL results and colorimetry (a* value), respectively, were used as effectiveness outcomes, comparing the findings in the four study arms (skin care, skin protection, both combined, and control group). Results: At 1 year follow‐up, the TEWL was slightly but significantly lower in the group of participants randomized for application of barrier cream alone, indicating a protective effect. However, addressing both the individual absolute change of a* value and the differences of TEWL (delta‐TEWL) of the dominant hand over the study period, no significant difference was found between the four groups. Conclusions: Dermatological examinations at the workplace cannot be replaced by bioengineering techniques. The supplementary benefit is apparently low, possibly because of difficulties in achieving standardized measurement conditions and other technical reasons.
Sensitivity and specificity of the nickel spot (dimethylglyoxime) test
Authors: Thyssen Jacob P. , Skare Lizbet , Lundgren Lennart , Menné Torkil , Johansen Jeanne D. , Maibach Howard I. , Lidén Carola 
Published: April 2010

Background: The accuracy of the dimethylglyoxime (DMG) nickel spot test has been questioned because of false negative and positive test reactions. The EN 1811, a European standard reference method developed by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), is fine‐tuned to estimate nickel release around the limit value of the EU Nickel Directive from products intended to come into direct and prolonged skin contact. Because assessments according to EN 1811 are expensive to perform, time consuming, and may destruct the test item, it should be of great value to know the accuracy of the DMG screening test. Objectives: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the DMG test. Methods: DMG spot testing, chemical analysis according to the EN 1811 reference method, and X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) were performed concomitantly on 96 metallic components from earrings recently purchased in San Francisco. Results: The sensitivity of the DMG test was 59.3% and the specificity was 97.5% based on DMG‐test results and nickel release concentrations determined by the EN 1811 reference method. Conclusions: The DMG test has a high specificity but a modest sensitivity. It may serve well for screening purposes. Past exposure studies may have underestimated nickel release from consumer items.
Frequency of the major histocompatibility complex Mamu‐A*01 allele in experimental rhesus macaques in China
Authors: Wang Wei , Cong Zhe , Liu Xiuying , Tong Wei , Qiao Hongwei , Jiang Hong , Wei Qiang , Qin Chuan 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground  In Indian rhesus macaques, the major histocompatibility complex Mamu gene, especially the Mamu‐A*01 allele, plays an important role in simian immunodeficiency virus susceptibility and disease progression. The Mamu‐A*01 allele is one of the protective genes mostly being studied in simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.Methods  PCR was used to amplify the Mamu‐A*01 allele in 130 Chinese‐origin rhesus macaques. Identification of the allele was then confirmed by sequencing and IFN‐γ ELISPOT assay.Results  The Mamu‐A*01 allele was detected in 3.85% (5 of 130) of the experimental Chinese‐origin rhesus macaques. The sequence homology reached 99.1% in comparison with Indian rhesus macaques. A significantly large number of spots were observed in Mamu‐A*01‐positive monkeys when analyzed by ELISPOT with Gag181‐189 epitope stimulation.Conclusions  Our study suggests that Mamu‐A*01‐positive Chinese‐origin rhesus monkeys are suitable for use in AIDS studies.
Parameters for Successful Implant Integration Revisited Part I: Immediate Loading Considered in Light of the Original Prerequisites for Osseointegration
Authors: Bahat Oded , Sullivan Richard M. 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACTPurpose: With the increasing popularity and publication of loading implants at the time of placement, including at time of dental extraction and simultaneous with reconstructive procedures, the objective was to evaluate known variables identified for a traditional unloaded healing period and determine the applicability of these variables to immediate loading.Materials: A total of 124 published reports available as of January 2008 that contained information about loading from the time of surgery up to 3 months postsurgically were examined in light of published variables affecting osseointegration based on a 2 stage surgical approach.Methods: The articles were examined to differentiate between immediate loading (within the initial 48 hours) and early/delayed loading of implants. Success or survival criteria were noted, and where reasons for failure were available, categorized according to six variables considered as determinants for maintaining a long‐term bone‐to‐implant contact.Results: Approximately 60 of the 124 reports described immediately loading implants within 48 with single‐tooth, partial, and full‐arch restorations, as well as implant overdentures. The implant success or survival rates ranged from 70.8% to 100%. Most studies considered implant survival to be the only criterion for success.Conclusions: Of six parameters identified in 1981 as influencing osseointegration, two parameters (the status of the bone/implant site and implant loading conditions) appear to have diagnostic implications, whereas three (implant design, surgical technique, and implant finish) may affect immediate loading positively or adversely.
Using ‘failure mode and effects analysis’ to design a surgical safety checklist for safer surgery
Authors: Chan Danny T.M. , Ng Simon S.M. , Chong Yee Hung , Wong John , Tam Yuk‐Him , Lam Yuk‐Hoi , Chan Chi‐Kwok , Wong David S.Y. , Wan Innes Y.P. , Wong Simon K.H. , Ng Bobby K.W. , Cho Amy M.W. , Yu Kwok‐Hung , Chan Hing‐Sang , Li Wing See , Ng Alex , Wu Terry S.F. , Chiu Alick , Fong Ada S.L. , Liu Yat Wo , Lai Paul B.S. 
Published: April 2010

Aims:  To describe the process of designing a new surgical safety checklist for the prevention of wrong patient and wrong site/side surgery using ‘failure mode and effects analysis’ (FMEA), and to carry out a compliance audit on the use of the new checklist in a surgical department.Methods:  Using FMEA as a tool, a multidisciplinary team of medical professionals in the New Territories East Cluster of the Hospital Authority sought to identify key steps at‐risk associated with a patient's journey through elective surgery. The whole process was redesigned and incorporated into a new safety checklist with a view to preventing wrong patient and wrong site/side surgery. A compliance audit was carried out after implementation of the checklist.Results:  The newly designed safety checklist, known as ‘123‐Surgical Safety‐123’, involved a longitudinal series of checkpoints from upstream to downstream with repeated/redundant cross‐checking at key steps. The checkpoints included consenting process, sending of patient to the theatre, theatre reception, sign‐in, time‐out, and sign‐out. At each step, one designated person (either a doctor or a nurse) was responsible for checking the correctness of those items listed on the checklist. The new checklist was implemented in February 2009. A compliance audit on the use of the checklist was carried out between 13 February and 17 April 2009. A total of 322 patients were operated on during the study period. The overall compliance rate was 95%.Conclusion:  By using FMEA as a platform, a new surgical safety checklist for prevention of wrong patient and wrong site/side surgery was designed and successfully implemented in a surgical department. A high compliance rate was achieved. However, whether or not the implementation of this new checklist will improve the outcome of surgical patients still awaits further evaluation.
Constraining blazar distances with combined Fermi and TeV data: an empirical approach
Authors: Prandini E. , Bonnoli G. , Maraschi L. , Mariotti M. , Tavecchio F. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
We discuss a method to constrain the distance of blazars with unknown redshift using combined observations in the GeV and TeV regimes. We assume that the Very High Energies (VHE) spectrum corrected for the absorption through the interaction with the extragalactic background light cannot be harder than the spectrum in the Fermi/Large Area Telescope (LAT) band. Starting from the observed VHE spectral data we derive the EBL-corrected spectra as a function of the redshift z and fit them with power laws to be compared with power-law fits to the LAT data. We apply the method to all TeV blazars detected by LAT with known distance and derive an empirical law describing the relation between the upper limits and the true redshifts that can be used to estimate the distance of unknown redshift blazars. Using different EBL models leads to systematic changes in the derived upper limits. Finally, we use this relation to infer the distance of the unknown redshift blazar PKS 1424+240.
COMBINATION EFFECTS OF WHEY PROTEIN CONCENTRATE AND CALCIUM CHLORIDE ON THE PROPERTIES OF GOATFISH SURIMI GEL
Authors: BENJAKUL SOOTTAWAT , YARNPAKDEE SUTHASINEE , VISESSANGUAN WONNOP , PHATCHARAT SUTTIRUG 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT Effect of whey protein concentrate (WPC) in combination with calcium chloride (50 mmol/kg) on the gel properties of surimi produced from goatfish (Mulloidichthys martinicus) was investigated. Breaking force and deformation of both kamaboko (40/90C) and modori (60/90C) gel increased with increasing WPC (0–3%) (P < 0.05). Myosin heavy chain (MHC) band intensity of all gels was more retained as WPC concentration increased. The coincidental increase in water‐holding capacity was obtained, however, the whiteness was slightly decreased. At all levels of WPC added, kamaboko gels added with CaCl2 exhibited the superior properties to those without CaCl2 (P < 0.05). On the other hand, CaCl2 addition resulted in the poorer gel properties of modori gel, regardless of WPC addition. The microstructure of surimi gels added with 3% WPC generally became denser and more ordered, compared with the control gel, irrespective of CaCl2 addition.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSGoatfish is the new raw material for surimi production; however, it yields the gel with poor quality. The addition of WPC and CaCl2 at the appropriate levels can be a promising means to improve the gel quality via the inhibition of endogenous proteinases and the enhancement of setting phenomenon, respectively. As a consequence, surimi industry is able to produce surimi from goatfish with the quality equivalent to that of surimi from commonly used species. Thus, the greater benefit can be gained from goatfish, especially for the surimi industry.