bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel pH‐sensitive hydrogels for potential colon‐specific drug delivery: Characterization and in vitro release studies
Authors: Liu Changhua , Gan Xianxue , Chen Yanqing 
Published: March 2011

AbstractStimuli‐responsive hydrogels are extensively investigated to implement new biomedical and pharmaceutical approaches. In this work, novel pH‐sensitive semi‐interpenetrating polymer network (semi‐IPN) hydrogels based on starch and poly(aspartic acid) (PAsp) with potential applicability in the field of pharmaceutics were prepared and characterized. The goal was to obtain a colon specific drug delivery system and to exploit the pH‐sensitive behavior of the hydrogels. The obtained hydrogels were characterized by FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), DSC, and SEM. The swelling behavior of the hydrogels with a suitable ratio of starch and poly(aspartic acid) was investigated in gastrointestinal simulated conditions. Moreover, the drug release studies were carried out using 5‐Flurouracil as a model of anticancer drug in enzyme free simulated gastrointestinal conditions and simulated intestinal conditions containing α‐amylase, respectively. The obtained hydrogels, due to their excellent pH‐sensitive release property, could be potentially used as drug delivery systems for the oral treatment of colonic cancer.
Surface passivation of the thin‐film LAPS with perhydropolysilazane‐derived silica treated by O2 plasma
Authors: Suzurikawa Jun , Nakao Masayuki , Takahashi Hirokazu 
Published: March 2011

AbstractHere, we describe a novel method for surface passivation of the thin‐film light addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS). To form a uniform passivation layer, perhydropolysilazane (PHPS) was utilized as a spin‐coatable precursor of silica. After transformation of PHPS into silica by baking, we introduced an O2 plasma treatment aiming for enhancement of the water resistance of the PHPS‐derived silica (PDS) film by completing the PHPS‐to‐silica conversion. To confirm the effect of the O2 plasma treatment, the PDS film was deposited on a thin‐film LAPS electrode and tested by immersion in a cell culturing medium. The immersion test demonstrated that the plasma‐treated PDS film could keep the electrode stable longer than the untreated could. With the treated PSD film of 600 nm in thickness, a lifetime of the thin‐film LAPS was estimated at over 2 weeks, which is sufficient for cell culturing experiments. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
PIXE and metal hyperaccumulation: from soil to plants and insects
Authors: Mesjasz‐Przybyłowicz J. , Przybyłowicz W. J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe status of micro‐PIXE applications in investigations of ecophysiological aspects of the hyperaccumulation phenomenon in plants is reviewed. Measurements of elemental concentrations and distribution in organs, tissues and cells of plants hyperaccumulating Ni, Co, As, Mn, Zn and Cd, show that in most cases hyperaccumulated metals are stored in physiologically inactive tissues. However, some exceptions indicate that different physiological mechanisms are involved in metal transport, storage locations and detoxification. The influence of mycorrhiza on elemental concentration and distribution in the roots of the Ni‐hyperaccumulator Berkheya coddii is also discussed. Several herbivorous insects have been found feeding exclusively on Ni‐hyperaccumulating plants. A summary of micro‐PIXE contribution to studies aimed at explanation of their ability to survive in such extreme conditions is given. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Use of Family History Questionnaires: An Examination of Genetic Risk Estimates and Genetic Testing Eligibility in the Non‐responder Population
Authors: Armel Susan Randall , Hitchman Kara , Millar Kathryn , Zahavich Laura , Demsky Rochelle , Murphy Joan , Rosen Barry 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe use of mailed family history questionnaires (FHQs) has previously been established to be an effective method for obtaining family history information for the triage of patients for genetic counseling and genetic testing of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome; yet only 53% of patients complete their FHQ within 6 months from the date of mailing (Armel et al. Journal of Genetic Counseling, 18(4):366–378, 2009). Although literature exists evaluating why women may not attend genetic counseling, no data are currently available examining genetic risk or genetic testing eligibility in the population of patients not returning their FHQ (non‐responders). Concern exists that if non‐responders are not followed‐up for the purpose of triage for genetic counseling, individuals at high‐risk for a hereditary cancer syndrome may be missed. This article explores the demographics of the non‐responder population to assess genetic risk estimates for mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes and genetic testing eligibility as compared to a responder population of patients who completed a mailed FHQ. A total of 430 pedigrees were obtained, 215 from non‐responders and 215 from responders. Results of this study indicate that 69% of non‐responders were either unreachable by telephone (42%), declined an appointment (19%), or were previously seen in another center for a genetic counseling visit (8%). Additionally, results indicate that non‐responders are less likely to be eligible for genetic testing (40%) as compared to responders (57%) (p = 0.0004). Together these data shed light on a population of patients for which limited information exists and suggest that we question how and to what extent clinics should pursue non‐responders, particularly in light of global reductions in health care funding.
Highly Stable Nonionic Fatliquors Based on Ethoxylated Overused Vegetable Oils
Authors: Nashy EL‐Shahat H. A. , Abo‐ELwafa Ghada A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractOverused vegetable oils, which are considered to be a waste and available in huge quantities after frying processes, were directly ethoxylated using a conventional cheap catalyst in order to obtain an economically valuable ethoxylated product to replace the imported intermediate derivatives and at the same time the environment will be rid of one of its pollutants. Therefore, this work was devoted to exploring its application as a fatliquoring agent in the leather industry. Overused sunflower and olein oils were directly ethoxylated using ethylene oxide gas in the presence of 3% KOH catalyst at 180 °C for 20 h. The prepared products were applied as nonionic fatliquors. The fatliquoring process is the operation in which a fatty matter is introduced into the leather fibers. The results obtained showed that the prepared ethoxylated overused oils were effective fatliquors with high HLB values giving stable oil in water emulsion as well as high stability against acid, alkali and different metallic salts. The fatliquored leather had improved mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break. In addition, a significant enhancement of the texture of the treated leather by the two prepared fatliquors as indicated from the scanning electron microscope images was observed. Also the results indicated that ethoxylated overused sunflower oil gave better results than those of ethoxylated overused olein oil.
Connexines testiculaires: marqueurs physiopathologiques et cibles potentielles aux toxiques environnementaux
Authors: Segretain D. , Zeghimi A. , Carette D. , Carpentier F. , Dompierre J. , Gilleron J. , Pointis G. 
Published: March 2011

Résumé
Les jonctions communicantes et leurs protéines constitutives, les connexines (Cxs), sont des constituants nécessaires à la cohésion tissulaire et reconnus comme suppresseurs de tumeurs. Le but de la présente revue est de faire le point sur l’organisation et le rôle des Cxs au sein du testicule et d’analyser leur expression en physiopathologie testiculaire. Organisées en structures hexamèriques formant un canal reliant directement les cytoplasmes des cellules adjacentes, les Cxs sont impliquées dans de nombreux processus physiologiques tels que la prolifération et la différenciation cellulaires. Le maintien d’une balance entre prolifération, différenciation et apoptose est un équilibre primordial évitant une prolifération cellulaire anarchique, risque de cancer. La spermatogenèse est un modèle sophistiqué de prolifération et de différenciation des cellules germinales dans lequel les Cxs jouent un rôle essentiel. Il est acquis qu’une altération de l’expression membranaire des Cxs est l’un des signes avant-coureurs de la cinétique tumorale germinale, et il a été suggéré que les toxiques environnementaux qui, dans leur grande majorité, affectent l’expression de ces protéines, puissent être impliqués dans le développement de cette pathologie. La recherche de molécules capables de freiner les effets délétères de toxiques carcinogènes sur les Cxs semble être à l’heure actuelle une voie intéressante ouvrant de nouvelles perspectives en santé humaine.
COFINITENESS OF GENERALIZED LOCAL COHOMOLOGY MODULES
Authors: BORNA KEIVAN , SAHANDI PARVIZ , YASSEMI SIAMAK 
Published: March 2011

AbstractLet 𝔞 be an ideal of a Noetherian ring R. Let s be a nonnegative integer and let M and N be two R-modules such that ExtjR(M/𝔞M,Hi𝔞(N)) is finite for all i<s and all j≥0 . We show that HomR (R/𝔞,Hs𝔞(M,N)) is finite provided ExtsR(M/𝔞M,N) is a finite R-module. In addition, for finite R-modules M and N, we prove that if Hi𝔞(M,N) is minimax for all i<s, then HomR (R/𝔞,Hs𝔞(M,N)) is finite. These are two generalizations of the result of Brodmann and Lashgari [‘A finiteness result for associated primes of local cohomology modules’, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 128 (2000), 2851–2853] and a recent result due to Chu [‘Cofiniteness and finiteness of generalized local cohomology modules’, Bull. Aust. Math. Soc. 80 (2009), 244–250]. We also introduce a generalization of the concept of cofiniteness and recover some results for it.
Pre- and post-term growth in pre-term infants supplemented with higher-dose DHA: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Collins Carmel T. , Makrides Maria , Gibson Robert A. , McPhee Andrew J. , Davis Peter G. , Doyle Lex W. , Simmer Karen , Colditz Paul B. , Morris Scott , Sullivan Thomas R. , Ryan Philip 
Published: March 2011

The effect of the dietaryn-3 long-chain PUFA, DHA (22 : 6n-3), on the growth of pre-term infants is controversial. We tested the effect of higher-dose DHA (approximately 1 % dietary fatty acids) on the growth of pre-term infants to 18 months corrected age compared with standard feeding practice (0·2–0·3 % DHA) in a randomised controlled trial. Infants born < 33 weeks gestation (n657) were randomly allocated to receive breast milk and/or formula with higher DHA or standard DHA according to a concealed schedule stratified for sex and birth-weight ( < 1250 and ≥ 1250 g). The dietary arachidonic acid content of both diets was constant at approximately 0·4 % total fatty acids. The intervention was from day 2 to 5 of life until the infant's expected date of delivery (EDD). Growth was assessed at EDD, and at 4, 12 and 18 months corrected age. There was no effect of higher DHA on weight or head circumference at any age, but infants fed higher DHA were 0·7 cm (95 % CI 0·1, 1·4 cm;P = 0·02) longer at 18 months corrected age. There was an interaction effect between treatment and birth weight strata for weight (P = 0·01) and length (P = 0·04). Higher DHA resulted in increased length in infants born weighing ≥ 1250 g at 4 months corrected age and in both weight and length at 12 and 18 months corrected age. Our data show that DHA up to 1 % total dietary fatty acids does not adversely affect growth.
IPO Timing, Buyout Sponsors’ Exit Strategies, and Firm Performance of RLBOs
Authors: Cao Jerry X. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis paper studies the impact of buyout sponsors’ initial public offering (IPO) timing on the leveraged buyout (LBO) restructuring process and subsequent exit strategies. I find that LBO duration is negatively related to hot IPO market conditions. Further, following IPOs, reverse leveraged buyouts (RLBOs) with shorter LBO duration experience greater deterioration of performance and higher probability of bankruptcy. This suggests that sponsors’ efforts to enhance operating efficiency succumb to market timing. IPO timing does not affect sponsors’ exit strategies and monitoring post IPO. Sponsors keep an active long-run presence with more reputable sponsors who are more likely to exit by facilitating takeovers.
Lagrangian mixing in straight compound channels
Authors: STOCCHINO ALESSANDRO , BESIO GIOVANNI , ANGIOLANI SONIA , BROCCHINI MAURIZIO 
Published: March 2011

Recently Stocchino & Brocchini (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 643, 2010, p. 425 have studied the dynamics of two-dimensional (2D) large-scale vortices with vertical axis evolving in a straight compound channel under quasi-uniform flow conditions. The mixing processes associated with such vortical structures are here analysed through the results of a dedicated experimental campaign. Time-resolved Eulerian surface velocity fields, measured using a 2D particle-image velocimetry system, form the basis for a Lagrangian analysis of the dispersive processes that occur in compound channels when the controlling physical parameters, i.e. the flow depth ratio (rh) and the Froude number (Fr) are changed. Lagrangian mixing is studied by means of various approaches based either on single-particle or multiple-particle statistics (relative and absolute statistics, probability density functions (p.d.f.s) of relative displacements and finite-scale Lyapunov exponents). Absolute statistics reveal that transitional macrovortices, typical of shallow flow conditions, strongly influence the growth in time of the total absolute dispersion, after the initial ballistic regime, leading to a non-monotonic behaviour. In deep flow conditions, on the contrary, the absolute dispersion displays a monotonic growth because the generation of transitional macrovortices does not take place. In all cases an asymptotic diffusive regime is reached.Multiple-particle dynamics is controlled by rh and Fr. Different growth regimes of the relative diffusivity have been found depending on the flow conditions. This behaviour can be associated with different energy transfer processes and it is further confirmed by the p.d.f.s of relative displacements, which show a different asymptotical shape depending on the separation scales and the Froude number. Finally, an equilibrium regime is observed for all the experiments by analysing the decay of the finite-scale Lyapunov exponents with the particle separations.
A rare case of sebaceous adenoma of the palate, with literature review
Authors: Somashekara K G , Lakshmi S , Priya N S 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjective:We present the first reported case of sebaceous adenoma of the palate, to our knowledge.Method:Case report and review of the English language literature, with a focus on the pathological spectrum of sebaceous glands.Case report:A woman presented with a growth on the hard palate, which was excised and examined. Histopathological analysis showed features of sebaceous adenoma. Further evaluation with Sudan Black B special stains and Ki 67 immunohistochemistry was performed.Conclusion:Sebaceous adenomas in the oral cavity are very rare, with only 10 cases previously reported in the English language literature. Sebaceous adenoma of the palate has not previously been reported, to our knowledge. We discuss the role of special stains and immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of this tumour.
Why do humans reason? Arguments for an argumentative theory
Authors: Mercier Hugo , Sperber Dan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractReasoning is generally seen as a means to improve knowledge and make better decisions. However, much evidence shows that reasoning often leads to epistemic distortions and poor decisions. This suggests that the function of reasoning should be rethought. Our hypothesis is that the function of reasoning is argumentative. It is to devise and evaluate arguments intended to persuade. Reasoning so conceived is adaptive given the exceptional dependence of humans on communication and their vulnerability to misinformation. A wide range of evidence in the psychology of reasoning and decision making can be reinterpreted and better explained in the light of this hypothesis. Poor performance in standard reasoning tasks is explained by the lack of argumentative context. When the same problems are placed in a proper argumentative setting, people turn out to be skilled arguers. Skilled arguers, however, are not after the truth but after arguments supporting their views. This explains the notorious confirmation bias. This bias is apparent not only when people are actually arguing, but also when they are reasoning proactively from the perspective of having to defend their opinions. Reasoning so motivated can distort evaluations and attitudes and allow erroneous beliefs to persist. Proactively used reasoning also favors decisions that are easy to justify but not necessarily better. In all these instances traditionally described as failures or flaws, reasoning does exactly what can be expected of an argumentative device: Look for arguments that support a given conclusion, and, ceteris paribus, favor conclusions for which arguments can be found.
When reasoning is persuasive but wrong
Authors: Sternberg Robert J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMercier and Sperber (M&S) are correct that reasoning and argumentation are closely related. But they are wrong in arguing that this relationship is one of evolutionary adaptation. In fact, persuasive reasoning that is not veridical can be fatal to the individual and to the propagation of his or her genes, as well as to the human species as a whole.
Query theory: Knowing what we want by arguing with ourselves
Authors: Weber Elke U. , Johnson Eric J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMercier and Sperber (M&S) argue that reasoning is social and argumentative, and that this explains many apparently irrational judgment phenomena. We look at the relationship between interpersonal and intrapersonal argumentation and discuss parallels and differences from the perspective of query theory, a memory-based model of constructive preferences. We suggest an important goal is to integrate models across inference and preference.
What people may do versus can do
Authors: Kuhn Deanna 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIt warrants examining how well people can come to argue under supportive conditions, not only what they do under ordinary conditions. Sustained engagement of young people in dialogic argumentation yields more than the temporary “contextual effect” that Mercier & Sperber (M&S) identify in the target article. If such engagement were to become the norm, who can say what the argumentive potential of future generations is?
The chronometrics of confirmation bias: Evidence for the inhibition of intuitive judgements
Authors: Stupple Edward J. N. , Ball Linden J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMercier & Sperber (M&S) claim that the phenomenon of belief bias – which they consider to be an archetypal manifestation of a general confirmation bias in human reasoning – provides fundamental support for their argumentative theory and its basis in intuitive judgement. We propose that chronometric evidence necessitates a more nuanced account of belief bias that is not readily captured by argumentative theory.
Putting reasoning and judgement in their proper argumentative place
Authors: Oaksford Mike 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis commentary agrees with Mercier and Sperber's (M&S's) thesis on the argumentative function of reasoning but suggests that an account of argument strength is required. A Bayesian account of argument strength (Hahn & Oaksford 2007) shows how the deployment of deductive fallacies, weak inductive arguments, and judgment fallacies such as base-rate neglect, can all be rationally defended in the right argumentative context.
Reasoning as deliberative in function but dialogic in structure and origin
Authors: Godfrey-Smith Peter , Yegnashankaran Kritika 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMercier and Sperber (M&S) claim that the main function of reasoning is to generate support for conclusions derived unconsciously. An alternative account holds that reasoning has a deliberative function even though it is an internalized analogue of public discourse. We sketch this alternative and compare it with M&S's in the light of the empirical phenomena they discuss.
The argumentative theory of reasoning applies to scientists and philosophers, too
Authors: Johnson John A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractLogical consistency demands that Mercier and Sperber's (M&S's) argumentative theory of reasoning apply to their own reasoning in the target article. Although they hint that their argument applies to professional reasoners such as scientists and philosophers, they do not develop this idea. In this commentary, I discuss the applicability of argumentative theory to science and philosophy, emphasizing the perils of moral reasoning.
Reasoning, argumentation, and cognition
Authors: Frankish Keith 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis commentary does three things. First, it offers further support for the view that explicit reasoning evolved for public argumentation. Second, it suggests that promoting effective communication may not be the only, or even the main, function of public argumentation. Third, it argues that the data Mercier and Sperber (M&S) cite are compatible with the view that reasoning has subsequently been co-opted to play a role in individual cognition.
Argumentation: Its adaptiveness and efficacy
Authors: Mercier Hugo , Sperber Dan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractHaving defended the usefulness of our definition of reasoning, we stress that reasoning is not only for convincing but also for evaluating arguments, and that as such it has an epistemic function. We defend the evidence supporting the theory against several challenges: People are good informal arguers, they reason better in groups, and they have a confirmation bias. Finally, we consider possible extensions, first in terms of process-level theories of reasoning, and second in the effects of reasoning outside the lab.