bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pervasive exposure to violence and posttraumatic stress disorder in a predominantly African American Urban Community: The Detroit neighborhood health study
Authors: Goldmann Emily , Aiello Allison , Uddin Monica , Delva Jorge , Koenen Karestan , Gant Larry M. , Galea Sandro 
Published: December 2011

AbstractExposure to traumatic events is common, particularly among economically disadvantaged, urban African Americans. There is, however, scant data on the psychological consequences of exposure to traumatic events in this group. We assessed experience with traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among 1,306 randomly selected, African American residents of Detroit. Lifetime prevalence of exposure to at least 1 traumatic event was 87.2% (assault = 51.0%). African Americans from Detroit have a relatively high burden of PTSD; 17.1% of those who experienced a traumatic event met criteria for probable lifetime PTSD. Assaultive violence is pervasive and is more likely to be associated with subsequent PTSD than other types of events. Further efforts to prevent violence and increase access to mental health treatment could reduce the mental health burden in economically disadvantaged urban areas.
Spinning‐wing decoy use and reported duck harvest in Illinois: Implications for adaptive harvest management
Authors: Miller Craig A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractUse of battery‐powered spinning‐wing decoys (SWDs) by duck hunters has generated questions as to the effect these decoys may have on duck harvests. I used data from the annual Illinois Waterfowl Hunter Survey for duck hunting seasons 1999 through 2003 to compare mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and total duck harvest, reported days afield, and duck crippling rates between hunters using and not using SWDs. For the each of the 5 years reported, mean mallard harvest was greater among hunters using SWDs than among hunters not using the decoys and effect size was substantial (1999: F = 355.01, P < 0.001; 2000: F = 567.92, P < 0.001; 2001: F = 333.25, P < 0.001; 2002: F = 321.58, P < 0.001; 2003: F = 299.00, P < 0.001). Mean reported total ducks harvested was greater for decoy users than non‐users, and I found effect sizes to be substantial for all years (1999: F = 301.80, P < 0.001; 2000: F = 607.76, P < 0.001; 2001: F = 369.49, P < 0.001; 2002: F = 321.59, P < 0.001; 2003: F = 335.82, P < 0.001). Decoy users reported hunting more days than non‐users (1999: F = 71.00, P < 0.001; 2000: F = 716.50, P < 0.001; 2001: F = 486.75, P < 0.001; 2002: F = 410.72, P < 0.001; 2003: F = 466.09, P < 0.001). I observed substantial effect size for days hunted by decoy use for each year except for 1999–2000, for which effect size was typical. Hunters using SWDs reported greater crippled ducks than for hunters not using the decoys, with typical effect sizes observed for each year I examined (1999: F = 168.42, P < 0.001; 2000: F = 361.34, P < 0.001; 2001: F = 163.05, P < 0.001; 2002: F = 153.29, P < 0.001; 2003: F = 169.18, P < 0.001). I did not observe significant relationships between years of hunting experience and decoy use (R2 range = 0.051–0.071). My findings support claims that SWDs lead to increased duck harvests. Recent actions by some state wildlife management agencies have resulted in a mixed approach toward regulating use of SWDs, ranging from prohibiting their use to removing all restrictions. This study seeks to provide managers with greater understanding of potential impacts of SWD use on waterfowl harvests. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
A matter of scale: from far‐field microscopy to near‐field nanoscopy
Authors: Schmidt D.A. , Kopf I. , Bründermann E. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractVibrational spectroscopy is a powerful analytical tool which provides chemical information about a sample without a priori knowledge. By combining vibrational spectroscopy with different microscopic techniques, scientists can visualize and characterize the chemical composition of a sample on length scales which cover many orders of magnitude; from far‐field radiation used in microwave astronomy and Fourier transform infrared microscopy, to near‐field scattering used in tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy and scanning near‐field optical or infrared microscopy. Here, various modern chemical mapping techniques are reviewed and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Also, a basic theoretical background is provided for each technique along with several illustrative examples.
Photoluminescent Polytellurophene Derivatives of Conjugated Polymers as a New Perspective for Molecular Electronics
Authors: Lapkowski Mieczyslaw , Motyka Radoslaw , Suwiński Jerzy , Data Przemyslaw 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe first full characterization of 2,2′‐bitellurophene polymerization and the resulting polymer is described. The electrochemical polymerization of 2,2′‐bitellurophene (7) and (E,E)‐1,4‐diethoxy‐2,5‐bis[2‐(tellurophen‐2‐yl)ethenyl]benzene (1) produces new photoluminescent conjugated polymers. Poly{(E,E)‐1,4‐diethoxy‐2,5‐bis[2‐(tellurophen‐2‐yl)ethenyl]benzene} exhibits photoluminescent properties that qualify for potential applications as optoelectronic materials. Poly{(E,E)‐1,4‐diethoxy‐2,5‐bis[2‐(tellurophen‐2‐yl)ethenyl]benzene} is the first polytellurophene polymer that possess photoluminescent properties.
Contrast enhancement in TOF cerebral angiography at 7 T using saturation and MT pulses under SAR constraints: Impact of VERSE and sparse pulses
Authors: Schmitter Sebastian , Bock Michael , Johst Sören , Auerbach Edward J. , Uğurbil Kâmil , Van de Moortele Pierre‐François 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCerebral three‐dimensional time of flight (TOF) angiography significantly benefits from ultrahigh fields, mainly due to higher signal‐to‐noise ratio and to longer T1 relaxation time of static brain tissues; however, specific absorption rate (SAR) significantly increases with B0. Thus, additional radiofrequency pulses commonly used at lower field strengths to improve TOF contrast such as saturation of venous signal and improved background suppression by magnetization transfer typically cannot be used at higher fields. In this work, we aimed at reducing SAR for each radiofrequency pulse category in a TOF sequence. We use the variable‐rate selective excitation principle for the slab selective TOF excitation as well as the venous saturation radiofrequency pulses. In addition, magnetization transfer pulses are implemented by sparsely applying the pulses only during acquisition of the central k‐space lines to limit their SAR contribution. Image quality, angiographic contrast, and SAR reduction were investigated as a function of variable‐rate selective excitation parameters and of the total number of magnetization transfer pulses applied. Based on these results, a TOF protocol was generated that increases the angiographic contrast by more than 50% and reduces subcutaneous fat signal while keeping the resulting SAR within regulatory limits. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of equivalent medium methods for stress wave propagation in jointed rock mass
Authors: Ma G. W. , Fan L. F. , Li J. C. 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYThis paper evaluates the existing equivalent medium methods for jointed rock mass and further develops the equivalent viscoelastic medium method proposed by the authors. The advantages and limitations of different equivalences to the discontinuous rock mass are discussed. Theoretical derivation of stress wave propagation through the equivalent viscoelastic medium is carried out by adopting the Fourier transformation method, and the parameters of the equivalent viscoelastic medium method are determined analytically. The frequency dependence and the wave attenuation phenomenon can be properly described when the imaginary terms of the complex moduli of the rock mass are included. The results show that the equivalent viscoelastic medium method is able to predict the effective velocity and the stress wave transmission coefficient in a rock mass more accurately than the conventional effective elastic moduli methods. An example of the stress wave propagation through rock mass with parallel joints shows that the equivalent viscoelastic medium method is promising and worthy to be further explored for application in practical rock engineering problems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inexact Schwarz‐algebraic multigrid preconditioners for crack problems modeled by extended finite element methods
Authors: Berger‐Vergiat Luc , Waisman Haim , Hiriyur Badri , Tuminaro Ray , Keyes David 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYTraditional algebraic multigrid (AMG) preconditioners are not well suited for crack problems modeled by extended finite element methods (XFEM). This is mainly because of the unique XFEM formulations, which embed discontinuous fields in the linear system by addition of special degrees of freedom. These degrees of freedom are not properly handled by the AMG coarsening process and lead to slow convergence. In this paper, we proposed a simple domain decomposition approach that retains the AMG advantages on well‐behaved domains by avoiding the coarsening of enriched degrees of freedom. The idea was to employ a multiplicative Schwarz preconditioner where the physical domain was partitioned into “healthy” (or unfractured) and “cracked” subdomains. First, the “healthy” subdomain containing only standard degrees of freedom, was solved approximately by one AMG V‐cycle, followed by concurrent direct solves of “cracked” subdomains. This strategy alleviated the need to redesign special AMG coarsening strategies that can handle XFEM discretizations. Numerical examples on various crack problems clearly illustrated the superior performance of this approach over a brute force AMG preconditioner applied to the linear system. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developing probation staff competency for working with high risk of harm offenders with personality disorder: An evaluation of the Pathways Project
Authors: Shaw Jake , Minoudis Phil , Craissati Jackie , Bannerman Ashley 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTBackgroundA model of psychologically informed offender management for high risk of harm offenders with personality disorder (PD) was piloted, in which NHS psychologists worked alongside London probation staff.AimThe aim of the study was to evaluate the initiatives taken to develop probation staff's capability to work effectively with the group of offenders.MethodSelf‐report measures assessing competency for working with PD and team climate were administered to the probation staff (N = 150) at baseline and at 1 year follow‐up. At follow‐up, qualitative data was also collected from a subset of Public Protection Unit staff (N = 17), evaluating their experience of the project.ResultsThe probation staff significantly improved across a range of generic and forensic PD‐related competencies. The largest improvements were found in the Public Protection Unit, which received the highest level of support. There was also a significant improvement in one facet of team climate (team vision). The qualitative findings suggested that the primary areas of skills development were in the participants' understanding of PD and their capacity to identify PD and to develop treatment and management pathways.ConclusionsThe results provide evidence for the effectiveness of the project model that supports its implementation on a broader scale. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient enrichment of phosphopeptides by magnetic TiO2‐coated carbon‐encapsulated iron nanoparticles
Authors: Zeng Yi Y. , Chen Huang‐Juo , Shiau Kai J. , Hung Shain‐Un , Wang Yi‐Sheng , Wu Chih‐Che 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTitanium dioxide (TiO2) has been widely used for phosphopeptide enrichment. Several approaches have been reported to produce magnetic TiO2 affinity probes. In this report, we present a facile approach to immobilize TiO2 onto poly(acrylic acid)‐functionalized magnetic carbon‐encapsulated iron nanoparticles as affinity probes for efficient enrichment of phosphopeptides. By using the new magnetic TiO2 affinity probes, denoted as TiO2‐coated Fe@CNPs, rapid and effective MALDI‐TOF MS profiling of phosphopeptides was demonstrated in different model systems such as tryptic digests of β‐casein, and complex β‐casein/BSA mixture. The TiO2‐coated Fe@CNPs out‐performed the commercial TiO2‐coated magnetic beads for detection of phosphopeptides from tryptic digests of β‐casein/BSA mixture with a molar ratio of 1:100. The new TiO2‐coated magnetic probes were also proven to be applicable for real life samples. The magnetic TiO2‐coated Fe@CNPs were employed to selectively isolate phosphopeptides from tryptic digests of HeLa cell lysates and out‐performed the commercial magnetic TiO2 beads in the number of identified phosphopeptides and phosphorylation sites. In a 200‐μg equivalent of HeLa cell lysates, we identified 1415 unique phosphopeptides and 1093 phosphorylation sites, indicating the good performance of the new approach.
Functional proteomics reveals hepatotoxicity and the molecular mechanisms of different forms of chromium delivered by skin administration
Authors: Pan Tai‐Long , Wang Pei‐Wen , Chen Chih‐Chieh , Fang Jia‐You , Sintupisut Nardnisa 
Published: December 2011

AbstractChromium compounds are known to be associated with cytotoxicity and carcinogenicity when applied via the skin. However, there is no perspective research to elucidate the causations between chromium exposure and hepatotoxicity. In the present study, the impact of hexavalent/trivalent chromium on the liver and the underlying pathogenic processes were revealed in the female nude mice model. The liver damage under different treatments was evaluated by histologic examination. Functional proteome tools combined with a network analysis revealed statistically significant candidate protein networks predicted to be changed in the presence of chromium compounds. RNA interference‐mediated silencing and immunohistochemistry were used to confirm whether the candidate protein was capable of resulting in hepatotoxicity elicited by chromium. Potassium chromate as the Cr(VI) compound generated greater oxidative stress, apoptosis and hepatotoxicity compared to chromium nitrate [Cr(III)]‐treated samples. The most meaningful changes were observed amongst proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, calcium homeostasis and apoptosis. Furthermore, abrogation of transitional ER ATPase (VCP) led to significant inhibition in hepatic cell viability under Cr(VI) administration, and the expression profiles of cytokeratin were closely correlated with apoptotic degrees of liver tissue. Collectively, our findings suggest that Cr(VI) might induce the accumulation of misfolded proteins and adverse effects leading to cell apoptosis and liver injury. These signature networks represent an approach to discover novel relationships in complex data, and functional proteomics of liver may provide solid evidence of chromium‐caused hepatic damage via the skin.
Analysis of the urine proteome via a combination of multi‐dimensional approaches
Authors: Zerefos Panagiotis G. , Aivaliotis Michalis , Baumann Marc , Vlahou Antonia 
Published: December 2011

AbstractUrine is a biological fluid that is non‐invasively and easily harvested, and exhibits high stability from the proteomics point of view. At the downside, the overall low protein content of urine as well as the presence of low‐ and high‐abundance proteins underscores the need for protein enrichment. As a continuation of previous efforts towards the comprehensive characterization of the urine proteome, the current study targeted the mining of urine proteins through the combined application of different protein separation methodologies, specifically, liquid chromatography and preparative electrophoresis along with 1D gel electrophoresis and protein identification by mass spectrometry. In order to enhance comparison and integration of different experimental data sets, the “standard” urine sample developed within the European Kidney and Urine Proteomics (EuroKUP) COST Action, was employed. As a contribution to the existing knowledge, we focused on maintaining and providing information about experimental mass of the identified proteins as well as information pertaining to their relative abundance – as allowed by technical limitations – thus providing an initial view of different isoforms representation and facilitating their future characterization. The difficulties in comparing proteome mining data sets become once more evident, underscoring the need for adopting standardized ways for data reporting as well as for potential new approaches for data analysis involving a thorough investigation of received information at the peptide level.
The proteomic study on cellular responses of the testes of zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to microcystin‐RR
Authors: Zhao Sujuan , Xie Ping , Li Guangyu , Jun Chen , Cai Yan , Xiong Qian , Zhao Yanyan 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMicrocystin‐RR (MC‐RR) is a commonly encountered cyanotoxin and receives increasing attention due to the risk of its bioaccumulation in aquatic animals like fish. This study investigated the protein profiles of zebrafish (Danio rerio) testes after intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) with 0.5 LD50 (2000 μg/kg). MC‐RR caused a noticeable damage to testicular ultrastructure, showing widened intercellular junction, distention of mitochondria. The testes showed a rapid response of its defense systems to the oxidative stress caused by MC‐RR. This is the first to use a proteomic approach to obtain an overview of the effects of MC‐RR on the testes of zebrafish. The proteomic results revealed that toxin exposure remarkably altered the abundance of 24 proteins that were involved in cytoskeleton assembly, oxidative stress, glycolysis metabolism, calcium ion binding and other biological functions. In conclusion, MC‐RR damaged the testes and was toxic to the reproductive system of male zebrafish mainly through causing oxidative stress.
A pilot study of a physical activity intervention targeted towards women at increased risk for breast cancer
Authors: Hartman Sheri J. , Dunsiger Shira I. , Marcus Bess H. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveThe objective was to pilot test a physical activity intervention targeted towards women with a first‐degree relative with breast cancer.MethodsSedentary women (n = 27) with at least one first‐degree relative with breast cancer but no personal breast cancer diagnosis received a print‐based physical activity intervention. The intervention was a 12‐week theory‐based and individually tailored physical activity intervention targeted towards women with a family history of breast cancer. Participants' minutes of physical activity, worry about breast cancer, perceived risk of developing breast cancer, and perceived control over breast cancer risk were assessed at baseline and 12 weeks.ResultsThere was a significant increase in minutes of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity from baseline to 12 weeks (t = 4.93, p < 0.001), with a mean increase in physical activity of 130.56 min/week (SD = 137.50). At 12 weeks, 41% met the American College of Sports Medicine criteria of engaging in 150 min or more of moderate intensity activity. Regression models indicate that change in perceived risk of breast cancer was significantly associated with change in physical activity (t = −2.36, p = 0.03, r = 0.34), with decreases in perceived risk associated with increases in physical activity over time.ConclusionsFindings suggest that a targeted intervention can increase physical activity and decrease perceived risk of breast cancer. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quality of life and mental health in caregivers of outpatients with advanced cancer
Authors: Wadhwa Deepa , Burman Debika , Swami Nadia , Rodin Gary , Lo Christopher , Zimmermann Camilla 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluates the quality of life (QOL) and mental health (MH) of caregivers of patients with advanced cancer who are receiving ambulatory oncology care and associations with patient, caregiver and care‐related characteristics.MethodsPatients with advanced gastrointestinal, genitourinary, breast, lung or gynaecologic cancer, and their caregivers, were recruited from 24 medical oncology clinics for a cluster‐randomized trial of early palliative care. Caregivers completed the Caregiver QOL—Cancer scale and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form, version 2, and a questionnaire including care‐related factors such as hours/day providing care and change in work situation. Patients completed a demographic questionnaire and measures of their QOL and symptom severity. Associations of these factors with caregiver QOL and MH were examined using linear regression analyses.ResultsOf the 191 caregivers, 84% were spouses/partners, 90% cohabited with the patient, half were working and 25% had a change in work situation since the patient's diagnosis. On multiple regression analysis, better caregiver QOL was associated with better caregiver MH and patient physical well‐being and with not providing care for other dependents. Worse caregiver MH was associated with female caregiver sex, worse patient emotional well‐being, more hours spent caregiving and change in the caregiver's work situation.ConclusionsCaregivers of ambulatory patients with advanced cancer may have compromised QOL and MH associated with worse patient physical and emotional well‐being and with simultaneously caring for others and working outside the home. Early palliative care interventions directed at patient symptoms and caregiver support may improve QOL in this population. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ProsCan for Couples: a feasibility study for evaluating peer support within a controlled research design
Authors: Chambers Suzanne K. , Schover Leslie , Halford Kim , Ferguson Megan , Gardiner RA , Occhipinti Stefano , Dunn Jeff 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe present study assessed the feasibility of delivering peer support for couples coping with prostate cancer within a trial design.Methods/DesignTen peer volunteers completed training in research protocols and delivering tele‐based couples support to men with prostate cancer and their partners. Twenty couples received an eight session intervention and were assessed before surgery and 3 and 6 months subsequently for adjustment outcomes. A focus group investigated the peers' experiences.ResultsPeers were motivated by altruism, a belief in research, and reported personal growth. The research protocol at times conflicted with lay models of helping, and the focus on sexuality and couples was challenging. Distress decreased over time but more so for partners; unmet sexuality needs did not improve.ConclusionPeer support appears promising as a model to support couples facing prostate cancer. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.