bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of novel nano/submicrofiber catalyst containing nano‐TiO2 particles
Authors: Liu Taiqi , Lv Dan , Cao Binbin , Wang Hongtao 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA novel Nano/submicrofiber catalyst was prepared via electrospinning technology from poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) and nano‐TiO2. First, nano‐TiO2 particles were added into the mixture of ethanol and deionized water, the mass ratio of ethanol and deionized water was 1 : 1, the TiO2 suspension was obtained after 1 h with ultrasonic treatment and centrifugal effect, Then PVP was added into the above‐mentioned suspension and the content of PVP in the sol was 28%. The TiO2/PVP solution was electrospun with different voltage. The effects of the content of TiO2 and electrospinning voltage on diameter of nano/submicrofiber were studied. The nano/submicrofiber catalyst was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microcopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared. The results show that the diameter of nano/submicrofiber increases with an increase of the content of nano‐TiO2 and decreases with the increase of electrospinning voltage. The analytical result showed that the nano‐TiO2 particles were well dispersed in the matrix of PVP, moreover, the crystal type of nano‐TiO2 was a mixture of anatase and rutile and the diameter of nano‐TiO2 particles in the nano/submicrofiber is in the range of 20–60 nm and the nano‐TiO2 particle was monodisperse, and the nano‐TiO2 particle and PVP molecule was connected by a hydrogen bonding. This nano/submicrofiber catalyst has a high efficiency on degradation on CH2O. 56.8 percent of CH2O was degraded under ultraviolet radiation in 80 min when the content of nano‐TiO2 is 20% in nano/submicrofibers. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Sorption of remazol brilliant blue R onto polyurethane‐type foam prepared from peanut shell
Authors: Bilir M. Hilal , Şakalar Neslihan , Acemioğlu Bilal , Baran Evrim , Alma M. Hakki 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe powders of peanut shell is first liquefied with the mixture of polyethylene glycol‐400 and monoethylene glycol (MEG) using sulfuric acid at 160°C for 2 h. Polyurethane (PU)‐type rigid foam is prepared from the reaction between peanut shell liquefied with the MEG and diphenylmethane diisocyanate. Then the PU foam is used as a sorbent for the removal of the remazol brilliant blue R from aqueous solution. The sorption of the dye increases with increasing initial concentration, temperature, and ionic strength, while decreasing with increasing pH. From the isotherm and kinetic studies, it is seen that the sorption process is in the best agreement with the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo second‐order kinetic model. Desorption and FTIR studies show that a chemisorption process occurs between dye and foam, probably indicating electrostatic interactions. The thermodynamic parameters (i.e., standard free energy, standard enthalpy, and standard entropy) are determined, and the results obtained are discussed in detail. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci, 2013
Disturbance Observer Based Dynamic Output Feedback Controller Design for Linear Uncertain Systems
Authors: Chang Jeang‐Lin , Wu Tsui‐Chou 
Published: June 2012

AbstractFor linear multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems with mismatched parameter uncertainties and matched nonlinear perturbations, a compensator‐based controller based on the disturbance estimation algorithm is considered in this paper. We design a reduced‐order high‐gain observer to estimate the effect of matched perturbation, and introduce the estimation information into the controller design. Using singular perturbation theory, the proposed control law can guarantee robust stability of the closed‐loop system. Moreover, the peaking phenomenon in the control input during the transient time can be effectively avoided using our method. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method is illustrated by a numerical example.
Neuron PID Control for a BPMSM Based on RBF Neural Network On‐Line Identification
Authors: Sun Xiaodong , Zhu Huangqiu 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe ability to improve the dynamic performance and control accuracy of the bearingless permanent magnet synchronous motor (BPMSM) is critical to developing and maintaining a high application. BPMSM, however, is a nonlinear system with unavoidable and unmeasured disturbances, in addition to having parameter variations. Traditional control strategies cannot attain good performance. Thus, it is important to propose a new design procedure in order to construct a robust controller with good closed‐loop capability. This paper presents a neuron proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) controller based on radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) on‐line identification to regulate optimal parameters using the approximated ability of RBFNN. Through the RBFNN algorithm, the current model of the system is automatically extracted for updating the PID controller parameters. This scheme can adjust the PID parameters in an on‐line manner even if the system has nonlinear properties. Simulations and experiments demonstrate that the new method has better control system performance than conventional PID controllers.
Characteristics of black carbon over Delhi and Manora Peak—a comparative study
Authors: Srivastava A. K. , Singh Sachchidanand , Pant P. , Dumka U. C. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe characteristics of aerosol black carbon (BC) were studied at two different climatic regimes, i.e. Delhi and Manora Peak during winter and spring of 2007. Spring BC was found to be ∼59% lower at Delhi and ∼23% higher at Manora Peak than their corresponding winter BC. Diurnal BC variation showed two enhanced peaks at Delhi (morning and night) whereas a single late afternoon peak at Manora Peak. Delhi BC showed a clear correlation with prevailing winds whereas no correlation was observed at Manora Peak. The major contribution of BC at Manora Peak can be expected from biomass burning while at Delhi fossil fuel dominates. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
The Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP): a control perspective
Authors: Jarvis Andrew , Leedal David 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) has been designed as a method to compare a set of benchmark geoengineering interventions across modelling groups within the World Climate Research Program (WCRP) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). While we agree with the objectives of GeoMIP, this paper describes how the present experimental design could be extended by adding a simple control component. Using a model predictive control framework we show this control provides an automated solution for the problem of balancing radiative forcings within a climate model as required by the G1 and G2 GeoMIP scenarios. By automating this process, the control removes the need for trial‐and‐error model run iterations as suggested by the present guidelines. In addition, the control allows for some further standardization of the experimental conditions, potentially making inference of the side effects of geoengineering more straightforward. Finally, the control provides an interesting analogue for geoengineering deployment governed by a policy agent acting under conditions of uncertainty over the effectiveness of the technology. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Untersuchungen zur Wasseraufnahme von Vollholz und Holzwerkstoffen
Authors: Niemz Peter , Sonderegger Walter , Häring David , Joščák Matúš , Krackler Verena 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDer Wasseraufnahmekoeffizient ist ein wichtiger Parameter bei der Berechnung des Wassertransports in der Bauphysik. Für Holz und Holzwerkstoffe liegen jedoch erst wenige Werte vor. An verschiedenen Holzarten (Fichte, Buche, Eiche, Esche) und Holzwerkstoffen (Massivholzplatte, Sperrholz, OSB, Spanplatte, MDF, Faserdämmstoff) wurde deshalb die Wasseraufnahme nach DIN EN ISO 15148 bei teilweisem Eintauchen untersucht. Dabei war die Wasseraufnahme im Allgemeinen in Faserrichtung bzw. Plattenebene deutlich höher als senkrecht dazu. Bei den Span‐ und Faserwerkstoffen zeigte sich aufgrund eines variierenden Dichteprofils im Gegensatz zu den übrigen untersuchten Werkstoffen und zu Vollholz kein linearer Verlauf der Wasseraufnahme quer zur Plattenebene. Bei den Dämmstoffen beeinflusste die Beigabe von Zusatzstoffen (Latex, Paraffin, Stärke, PUR‐Harz, feuerhemmende Salze, Polyolefinfasern) die Wasseraufnahme stark. So ergab z. B. die Zugabe von Polyolefinfasern und feuerhemmenden Salzen einen um ca. zwei Zehnerpotenzen höheren Wasseraufnahmekoeffizienten gegenüber Dämmstoffen ohne Zusatzstoffe.Investigations on the water absorption of solid wood and wood‐based materials. The water absorption coefficient is an important parameter for water transport calculations in building physics. However, only few values exist for wood and wood‐based materials. Therefore, the water absorption of different wood species (spruce, beech, oak, ash) and wood‐based materials (solid wood panel, plywood, OSB, particle board, MDF, insulating fibreboard) was tested by partial immersion according to DIN EN ISO 15148. In general, water absorption was clearly higher parallel to the fibre and in plane direction than perpendicular to the fibre and perpendicular to the plane. Particle board and fibre board showed in contrast to the other investigated wood‐based materials and to solid wood a non‐linear trend of water absorption perpendicular to the plane due to their density profile. The water absorption of insulating fibreboards was highly affected by additives (latex, paraffin, starch, PUR, flame retardants, polyolefin fibres). For example, the addition of polyolefin fibres and flame retardants results in a two orders of magnitude higher water absorption coefficient compared to insulating boards without additives.
Bauphysikalische Kennwerte für Balkonplattenanschlüsse
Authors: Füllsack‐Köditz Raimo , Helbig Stefan 
Published: June 2012

AbstractEin möglicher Weg um hohe pauschale Wärmebrückenzuschläge im EnEV‐Nachweis zu vermeiden, ist die Berücksichtigung der Wärmeverluste über Bauteilanschlüsse mit dem “detaillierten Verfahren“ durch den längenbezogenen Wärmedurchgangskoeffizienten (y‐Wert). Immer dann, wenn nicht für alle Bauteilanschlüsse Regeldetails nach DIN 4108, Beiblatt 2 – oder gleichwertige Anschlüsse – verwendet werden können, ist das Verfahren mit y‐Werten die einzige Möglichkeit, den hohen pauschalen Zuschlag zu umgehen. y‐Werte von Iso‐Elementen sind nur durch eine dreidimensionale FEM‐Berechnung bestimmbar. Mit einem parametrisierten 3D‐Modell werden die y‐Werte und die für den Mindestwärmeschutz erforderlichen minimalen Oberflächentemperaturen für eine große Anzahl von Anwendungssituationen ermittelt. Diese Kennwerte haben Eingang in die bauaufsichtliche Zulassung für Halfen‐Iso‐Elemente gefunden. Damit sind Voraussetzungen geschaffen worden, um auch für Gebäude mit Plattenanschlüssen den detaillierten Nachweis des Wärmebrückeneinflusses im spezifischen Transmissionsverlust HT einfach, regelkonform und zuverlässig genau zu erbringen.
Gebäudeaerodynamische Untersuchungen einer Plusenergie‐Produktionsstätte mit passiven Lüftungstürmen in Sikonda (Südungarn)
Authors: Kistelegdi István , Háber István 
Published: June 2012

AbstractFür das Konzept der ersten Plusenergie‐Produktionsstätte in Ungarn wurde besonderes Augenmerk auf die natürliche Lüftung des Gebäudes mit passiven Lüftungstürmen gelegt. Mit dem Ziel, die planerischen Ansätze nachvollziehbar prüfen zu können, wurde ein vierstufiger Algorithmus bestehend aus gebäudeaerodynamischen Untersuchungen in Form von Berechnungen, Windkanaltests, CFD‐Simulationen und Messdatenerfassung im Gebäude entwickelt. Durch diese “Validierungsplattform“ können nicht nur nachgewiesene Aussagen über den aerodynamischen Charakter eines Gebäudes getroffen, sondern auch der Einfluss von Änderungen während der Planung und Ausführung sicher quantifiziert und bewertet werden. Darüber hinaus bewirkt die aerodynamische Optimierung eine Verbesserung der Behaglichkeit und Verringerung des Energieverbrauchs.Building aerodynamic investigations for an energy‐plus production facility in Sikonda (Hungary). The concept of the first energy‐plus production facility in Hungary, which was developed with Energy design method, consists in an essential design approach: the natural ventilation with passive ventilation towers. With the objective of generating comprehensible diagnosis to different design solutions, it was necessary to create a four‐level aerodynamic analysis algorithm consisting of calculations, wind tunnel tests, CFD simulations and measurements in buildings. This “validation platform” ensures not only proofed conclusions about the aerodynamic character of a project, but also quantifies in an accurate way the effect of modifications during planning and construction. In addition, the consequence of this aerodynamic optimization of the built environment is the improvement of the indoor comfort and well being as well as the reduction of energy consumption.
In vivo predictive release methods for medicated chewing gums
Authors: Gajendran Jayachandar , Kraemer Johannes , Langguth Peter 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the performance of a drug product in vivo plays a key role in the development of meaningful in vitro drug release methodology. In case of functional chewing gums, the mode and the mechanism of release and the site of application differ significantly from other conventional solid oral dosage forms and require a special consideration to extract meaningful information from clinical studies. In the current study, suitable drug release methodology was developed to predict the in vivo performance of an investigated chewing gum product. Different parameters of the drug release testing apparatus described in the Ph. Eur. and Pharmeuropa were evaluated. Drug release data indicate that the parameters, chewing distance, chewing frequency and twisting motion, affect the drug release. Higher drug release was observed when the frequency was changed from 40 chews/min to 60 chews/min for apparatus A and B, as was the case for the twisting motion when changed from 20º to 40º for apparatus B. As far as the chewing distance is concerned, the release rate was in the following order; apparatus A: 0.3 mm > 0.5 mm > 0.7 mm; apparatus B: 1.4 mm > 1.6 mm > 1.8 mm. A suitable apparatus set‐up for in vitro release testing was identified. The method will be useful for the establishment of in vitro in vivo correlations (IVIVC) for medicated chewing gums. Interchangeability of the apparatus for a product is not generally recommended without prior knowledge of the performance of the product, as the construction and principle of operation for the apparatus differ considerably. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
British Sikh Identity and the Struggle for Distinctiveness and Continuity
Authors: Jaspal Rusi 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTSikhs constitute a high proportion of the ethnic minority population in Britain. Yet, social psychologists have largely neglected this demographically important religious group, leaving much of the theorising to anthropologists and sociologists. The present study explores how a group of British‐born Sikhs understood and defined their Sikh identities, focussing upon strategies for safeguarding the continuity and distinctiveness of this identity. Ten individuals were interviewed. Informed by identity process theory, the transcripts were subjected to thematic analysis. Three superordinate themes are reported, namely (i) “Freedom and gender equality”: the ‘essence’ of Sikh identity; (ii) Continuing the legacy of the Gurus; and (iii) Maintaining group continuity and distinctiveness in a threatening social context. Theoretical and practical implications of the research are discussed, particularly in relation to intergroup relations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of a Xanthine Sensor Based on the Immobilization of Xanthine Oxidase on a Chitosan Modified Electrode by Cross‐linking
Authors: Liu Yuge , Li Weiming , Wei Changbin , Lü Lingling 
Published: June 2012

AbstractHere in this paper, xanthine oxidase (XOD) was immobilized onto the chitosan (CHT) modified electrode by a simple way of cross‐linking with glutaraldehyde (GTD) and 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH). The electrode displayed a sharp peak to the oxidation of xanthine at a potential about 0.67 V and the optimum of pH for determination was investigated. Under the optimum conditions, the biosensor fabricated on the KH/GTD/XOD/CHT modified electrode showed excellent response to the oxidation of xanthine within the range of 0.5 to 18 μmol/L with a low detection limit of 0.0215 µmol/L, a good stability and a high selectivity. The sensor can also be used for the determination of hypoxanthine. The electrochemical results indicated that the immobilized enzyme still retained its biological activity and this provided a new way for the construction of biosensors and determination of xanthine.
Photocatalytic Nanocomposite Films Fabricated by Layer‐by‐Layer Self‐assembly of TiO2 Nanoparticles and Lignosulfonates
Authors: Li Hui , Fu Shiyu , Peng Lincai , Zhan Huaiyu 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPhotocatalytic multilayer nanocomposite films composed of anatase TiO2 nanoparticles and lignosulfonates (LS) were fabricated on quartz slides by the layer‐by‐layer (LBL) self‐assembly technique. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV‐vis spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize the TiO2/LS multilayer nanocomposite films. Moreover, the photocatalytic properties (decomposition of methyl orange and bacteria) of multilayer nanocomposite films were investigated. XPS results indicated that the intensities of titanium and sulfur peaks increased with the LBL deposition process. A linear increase in absorbance at 280 nm was found by UV‐Vis spectroscopy, suggesting that stepwise multilayer growth occurs on the substrate and this deposition process is highly reproducible. AFM images showed that quartz slide was completely covered by TiO2 nanoparticles when a 10‐bilayer multilayer film was formed. The decomposition efficiency of methyl orange by TiO2/LS multilayer films under the same UV irradiation time increased linearly with the number of TiO2 layers, and the results of decomposition of bacteria under UV irradiation showed that TiO2/LS multilayer nanocomposite films exhibited excellent decomposition activity of bacteria (Escherichia coil).
Ring‐opening Polymerization of L‐Lactide by an Anionic Cobalt(II) Aryloxide
Authors: Yuan Chunxiang , Xu Xiaoping , Zhang Yong , Ji Shunjun 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe reaction of anhydrous CoCl2 with NaOAr (ArO=2,4,6‐tri‐tert‐butylphenoxo) in THF at room temperature in 1:3 molar ratio afforded anionic cobalt aryloxide [Na(THF)6][Co(OAr)3] (1). The definite structure of this complex was characterized by X‐ray single crystal diffraction. It was found that this anionic aryloxo cobalt(II) complex could effectively initiate the ring‐opening polymerization of L‐lactide both in solution and in bulk, leading to high molecular weight poly(L‐lactide).
BiX3 and FeX3‐Promoted Prins Cyclization of Enol Ethers in CH2Cl2
Authors: Yang Yi , Jia Pingjing , Liu Suping , Yu Wei 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe Prins cyclization of enol ethers has been realized by employing BiX3 (or FeX3) as catalyst and TMSX (X=Br, Cl) as the halogen source. The presence of a tiny amount of water in the solvent dichloromethane played a key role for the reaction to proceed. The reaction is believed to be catalyzed by Lewis acid‐assisted Brønsted acids, which were generated in situ from MX3 and water in the solvent.
A Novel One‐pot Synthesis of Biaryl Derivatives by Sequential Strategies via Suzuki Coupling/Knoevenagel Condensation in Aqueous Medium at Room Temperature
Authors: Zhang Zhanyi , Zheng Jia , Du Qingwei , Zhang Wei , Li Yiqun 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA novel one‐pot synthesis of biaryl derivatives has been developed starting from bromobenzaldehyde and phenylboronic acid in the presence of activated methylene compounds via sequential Suzuki coupling/Knoevenagel condensation in aqueous isopropanol medium at room temperature. Significantly, this strategy afforded a straightforward and efficient approach to construct original biaryls in which a new carbon double bond bound to activated moieties such as nitrile, ester and amide is formed from three simple substrates in a one‐pot procedure. Moreover, a wide scope of substrates could effectively participate in the process affording the target products in moderate to excellent yields.
A New Guaiane‐type Sesquiterpene with 15 Known Compounds from Wikstroemia scytophylla Diels
Authors: Jiang Hezhong , Ma Qingyun , Huang Shengzhuo , Liang Wenjuan , Wang Pengcheng , Hu Jiangmiao , Zhou Jun , Zhao Youxing 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA new guaiane‐type sesquiterpene, wiksphyllamin A (1) with C‐10 and C‐11 connected, along with fifteen known compounds were isolated from the stems of Wikstroemia scytophylla Diels. All these compounds were isolated for the first time from Wikstroemia scytophylla. The structures of 1–16 were identified using spectroscopic methods.
Efficient Construction and Structure Determination of Novel Macrocycles with Calixarene Bishydrazones
Authors: Bi Xin , Sun Jing , Yan Chaoguo 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA series of large macrocyclic calixarene bishydrazones were efficiently synthesized by [2+2] condensation reactions of calix[4]arene 1,3‐disubstituted aldehydes with hydrated hydrazine. The X‐ray single crystal diffraction showed that macrocycles form a distinctive calixtube‐liking shape.
A Simple and Sensitive Label‐free Immunoassay for Factor B Using Resonance Scattering Spectral Detection
Authors: Li Jishun , Xu Lili , Wang Lisheng , Liang Aihui , Jiang Zhiliang 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn pH 7.2 Na2HPO4‐NaH2PO4 buffer solution and in the presence of PEG‐6000, goat‐anti‐human factor B (GABF) was combined with human factor B (BF) specifically, and aggregated to form immune complex particles that exhibited a resonance scattering (RS) peak at 400 nm. The laser scattering indicated that the average diameter of immune complex particles was 1320 nm. BF in the concentration range of 0.04 to 9.60 µg/mL was proportional to the resonance scattering intensity at 400 nm. Its regression equation was ΔI=33.61C+ 1.4, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9969, and a detection limit of 0.01 µg/mL BF. This label‐free resonance scattering spectral (RSS) method has been applied to the determination of BF in serum samples, and the results were in agreement with that of the immunoturbity.
cis‐Nitenpyram Analogues Containing 1,4‐Dihydropyridine: Synthesis, Insecticidal Activities, and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Sun Chuanwen , Chen Yanxia , Liu Tianyan , Wu Ying , Fang Ting , Wang Jing , Xing Jiahua 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA novel series of cis‐nitenpyram analogues (2a–2p) were designed and prepared by introducing the 1,4‐dihydropyridine, with their cis‐configuration confirmed by X‐ray diffraction. Preliminary bioassays showed that most compounds exhibited good insecticidal activities at 20 mg/L against Aphis medicagini, and analogues 2a and 2d afforded the best activity, and both of them had 100% mortality at 4 mg/L. In addition, molecular docking studies were also performed to model the ligand‐receptor complexes, and the results explained the structure‐activity relationships observed in vitro, which may provide some useful information for future design of new insecticides.