bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioethanol production from dedicated energy crops and residues in Arkansas, USA
Authors: Ge Xumeng , Burner David M. , Xu Jianfeng , Phillips Gregory C. , Sivakumar Ganapathy 
Published: November 2010

AbstractGlobally, one of the major technologic goals is to achieve cost‐effective lignocellulosic ethanol production from biomass feedstocks. Lignocellulosic biomass of four dedicated energy crops [giant reed (Arundo donax L.), elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum (Schumach), Miscanthus × giganteus (Illinois clone), and (clone Q42641) {hybrid of Miscanthus sinensis Anderss. and Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim)}, Hack. called giant miscanthus, and sugarcane clone US 84‐1028 (Saccharum L. spp. hybrid)] and residues from two crops [soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) litter and rice (Oryza sativa L.) husk] were tested for bioethanol production using cellulose solvent‐based lignocellulose fractionation (CSLF) pretreatment and enzymatic (cellulase) hydrolysis. Giant miscanthus (Illinois), giant reed, giant miscanthus (Q42641), elephantgrass, and sugarcane all yielded higher amount of glucose on a biomass dry weight basis (0.290–0.331 g/g), than did rice husk (0.181 g/g) and soybean litter (0.186 g/g). To reduce the capital investment for energy consumption in fermentation, we used a self‐flocculating yeast strain (SPSC01) to ferment the lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysates. Bioethanol production was ∼0.1 g/g in dedicated energy crops and less in two crop residues. These methods and data can help to develop a cost‐effective downstream process for bioethanol production.
myo‐Inositol Trispyrophosphate: A Novel Allosteric Effector of Hemoglobin with High Permeation Selectivity across the Red Blood Cell Plasma Membrane
Authors: Duarte Carolina D. , Greferath Ruth , Nicolau Claude , Lehn Jean‐Marie 
Published: November 2010

Abstractmyo‐Inositol trispyrophosphate (ITPP), a novel membrane‐permeant allosteric effector of hemoglobin (Hb), enhances the regulated oxygen release capacity of red blood cells, thus counteracting the effects of hypoxia in diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular ailments. ITPP‐induced shifting of the oxygen–hemoglobin equilibrium curve in red blood cells (RBCs) was inhibited by DIDS and NAP‐taurine, indicating that band 3 protein, an anion transporter mainly localized on the RBC membrane, allows ITPP entry into RBCs. The maximum intracellular concentration of ITPP, determined by ion chromatography, was 5.5×10−3 M, whereas a drop in concentration to the limit of detection was observed in NAP‐taurine‐treated RBCs. The dissociation constant of ITPP binding to RBC ghosts was found to be 1.72×10−5 M. All data obtained indicate that ITPP uptake is mediated by band 3 protein and is thus highly tissue‐selective towards RBCs, a feature of major importance for its potential therapeutic use.
Exercise: Kinetic Considerations for Gas Exchange
Authors: Rossiter Harry B. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe activities of daily living typically occur at metabolic rates below the maximum rate of aerobic energy production. Such activity is characteristic of the nonsteady state, where energy demands, and consequential physiological responses, are in constant flux. The dynamics of the integrated physiological processes during these activities determine the degree to which exercise can be supported through rates of O2utilization and CO2clearance appropriate for their demands and, as such, provide a physiological framework for the notion of exercise intensity. The rate at which O2exchange responds to meet the changing energy demands of exercise—its kinetics—is dependent on the ability of the pulmonary, circulatory, and muscle bioenergetic systems to respond appropriately. Slow response kinetics in pulmonary O2uptake predispose toward a greater necessity for substrate‐level energy supply, processes that are limited in their capacity, challenge system homeostasis and hence contribute to exercise intolerance. This review provides a physiological systems perspective of pulmonary gas exchange kinetics: from an integrative view on the control of muscle oxygen consumption kinetics to the dissociation of cellular respiration from its pulmonary expression by the circulatory dynamics and the gas capacitance of the lungs, blood, and tissues. The intensity dependence of gas exchange kinetics is discussed in relation to constant, intermittent, and ramped work rate changes. The influence of heterogeneity in the kinetic matching of O2delivery to utilization is presented in reference to exercise tolerance in endurance‐trained athletes, the elderly, and patients with chronic heart or lung disease. © 2011 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol1:203‐244, 2011.
Smooth Muscle Cell Hypertrophy, Proliferation, Migration and Apoptosis in Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Tajsic Tamara , Morrell Nicholas W. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPulmonary hypertension is a multifactorial disease characterized by sustained elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP). Central to the pathobiology of this disease is the process of vascular remodelling. This process involves structural and functional changes to the normal architecture of the walls of pulmonary arteries (PAs) that lead to increased muscularization of the muscular PAs, muscularization of the peripheral, previously nonmuscular, arteries of the respiratory acinus, formation of neointima, and formation of plexiform lesions. Underlying or contributing to the development of these lesions is hypertrophy, proliferation, migration, and resistance to apoptosis of medial cells and this article is concerned with the cellular and molecular mechanisms of these processes. In the first part of the article we focus on the concept of smooth muscle cell phenotype and the difficulties surrounding the identification and characterization of the cell/cells involved in the remodelling of the vessel media and we review the general mechanisms of cell hypertrophy, proliferation, migration and apoptosis. Then, in the larger part of the article, we review the factors identified thus far to be involved in PH intiation and/or progression and review and discuss their effects on pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) the predominant cells in the tunica media of PAs. © 2011 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol1:295‐317, 2011.
Recovery of motor function after stroke
Authors: Sharma Nikhil , Cohen Leonardo G. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe human brain possesses a remarkable ability to adapt in response to changing anatomical (e.g., aging) or environmental modifications. This form of neuroplasticity is important at all stages of life but is critical in neurological disorders such as amblyopia and stroke. This review focuses upon our new understanding of possible mechanisms underlying functional deficits evidenced after adult‐onset stroke. We review the functional interactions between different brain regions that may contribute to motor disability after stroke and, based on this information, possible interventional approaches to motor stroke disability. New information now points to the involvement of non‐primary motor areas and their interaction with the primary motor cortex as areas of interest. The emergence of this new information is likely to impact new efforts to develop more effective neurorehabilitative interventions using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) that may be relevant to other neurological disorders such as amblyopia. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 54:254‐262, 2012.
Ontogeny of ethanol intake in alcohol preferring (P) and alcohol nonpreferring (NP) rats
Authors: Pautassi Ricardo Marcos , Nizhnikov Michael E. , Truxell Eric , Varlinskaya Elena I. , Spear Norman E. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThere is a scarcity of research on ethanol affinity in alcohol‐preferring (P) rats before weaning and it is unknown if neonate P rats exhibit ethanol intake preferences comparable to those observed in adult P rats. This study examined ethanol intake in P and alcohol‐nonpreferring (NP) rats 3 hr after birth (Experiment 1, surrogate nipple test), at postnatal days (PD) 8, 12, and 18 (Experiment 2, consumption from the floor procedure) and at adolescence (Experiment 3, two‐bottle choice test at PD32). The high‐preference genotype was readily expressed 3 hr after birth. P neonates drank twice as much ethanol as their NP counterparts. This heightened ethanol preference transiently reversed at P8, reemerged as weaning approached (P18) and was fully expressed during adolescence. These results help to clarify the ontogeny of genetic predisposition for ethanol. Genetic predisposition for higher ethanol intake in P than in NP rats seems to be present immediately following birth. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 53:234–245, 2011.
A modified cornish pasty method for ex ovo culture of the chick embryo
Authors: Nagai Hiroki , Lin Meng‐Chi , Sheng Guojun 
Published: November 2010

AbstractEarly stages of avian development are not well‐suited for in ovo studies. A critical limitation of ex ovo culture is the short period of growth that can be attained for explanted embryos. Here we report a modified and simplified version of an existing ex ovo culture method, the cornish pasty culture. We show that this modified method, referred to as MC culture, can be used to grow chick and quail embryos from Hamburger and Hamilton (HH) Stage 3 to at least HH18 with normal developmental morphology. The MC culture is also applicable to generate parabiosed twins. Combination of the MC culture with electroporation and labeling techniques will be a valuable new tool in cell lineage tracing and molecular functional analyses of early avian embryogenesis. genesis, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Forced involution of the functionally differentiated mammary gland by overexpression of the pro‐apoptotic protein bax
Authors: Rucker Edmund B. , Hale Amber N. , Durtschi David C. , Sakamoto Kazuhito , Wagner Kay‐Uwe 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe mammary gland is a developmentally dynamic, hormone‐responsive organ that undergoes proliferation and differentiation within the secretory epithelial compartment during pregnancy. The epithelia are maintained by pro‐survival signals (e.g., Stat5, Akt1) during lactation, but undergo apoptosis during involution through inactivation of cell survival pathways and upregulation of pro‐apoptotic proteins. To assess if the survival signals in the functionally differentiated mammary epithelial cells can override a pro‐apoptotic signal, we generated transgenic mice that express Bax under the whey acidic protein (WAP) promoter. WAP‐Bax females exhibited a lactation defect and were unable to nourish their offspring. Mammary glands demonstrated: (1) a reduction in epithelial content, (2) hallmark signs of mitochondria‐mediated cell death, (3) an increase in apoptotic cells by TUNEL assay, and (4) precocious Stat3 activation. This suggests that upregulation of a single pro‐apoptotic factor of the Bcl‐2 family is sufficient to initiate apoptosis of functionally differentiated mammary epithelial cells in vivo. genesis, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Certified emission reductions weights for improved CDM projects
Authors: Francois Mélissa , Hamaide Bertrand 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAs currently designed and implemented, the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) under the Kyoto Protocol is a market mechanism that creates ‘offset’ credits, named CERs (certified emission reductions). These credits are issued to Annex I Parties that invest in projects both reducing emissions and contributing to sustainable development in developing countries. This paper explores how CER weights could be used to reform and improve this mechanism. On the one hand, weights strictly lower than 1, or discount factors, would improve the environmental effectiveness of the CDM, enhancing global greenhouse gas emission mitigation while addressing the additionality concern. On the other hand, weights higher than 1, or multiplication factors, could increase the competitiveness of project types and/or host countries currently underrepresented in the CDM pipeline. This paper concentrates on stimulating investment from developed nations to less developed countries and aims at reducing the disparity between the three main CDM host countries (Brazil, India and China) and less developed nations. Based on statistical data published by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, our analysis then considers different policies, estimates their impacts, and shows how a sensible mix of discounting and multiplication could lead to a more equitable geographical distribution of CDM projects and possibly create atmospheric benefits. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
α‐Lithiated (R,R)‐TMCDA as an Efficient Building Block for the Preparation of Chiral N,N,O Ligands by Asymmetric 1,2‐Addition
Authors: Gessner Viktoria H. , Fröhlich Benjamin , Strohmann Carsten 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe chiral diamine (1R,2R)‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylcyclohexane‐1,2‐diamine [(R,R)‐TMCDA, 3] has been selectively deprotonated at one of its methyl groups by a series of alkyllithium bases. Although the enantiomerically pure compound formed a trimeric structure, direct lithiation of the racemic mixture of the amine (trans‐TMCDA) yielded a tetrameric compound. With 2 equiv. of the deprotonation reagent a mixed aggregate of the lithiated amine and tert‐butyllithium was formed. The lithiated amine was employed as a building block for the synthesis of novel nitrogen ligands. The asymmetric 1,2‐addition of α‐lithiated (R,R)‐TMCDA onto different ketones and aldehydes yielded a series of novel N,N,O ligands with different substitution patterns. Depending on the carbonyl compound used, a new stereocentre and different substituents can be introduced. The coordination behaviour of these ligands is illustrated by the formation of metal salt complexes.
Preparation and Reactions of Molybdenum and Tungsten Hydride Complexes Containing the Tetraphosphane Ligand meso‐o‐C6H4(PPhCH2CH2PPh2)2
Authors: Dai Qi Xiu , Seino Hidetake , Mizobe Yasushi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe reaction of [Mo(κ2‐dppe)(κ4‐P4)] (1a) {dppe = PPh2CH2CH2PPh2, P4 = meso‐o‐C6H4(PPhCH2CH2PPh2)2} with 1 atm of H2 at room temperature selectively gave [MoH2(κ2‐dppe)(κ3‐P4)] (3a). The W analogue of 1a reacted with 1 atm of H2 at 80 °C to form a mixture of [WH2(κ2‐dppe)(κ3‐P4)] and [WH4(κ4‐P4)] (5b), the latter of which could be cleanly prepared by the reduction of [WBr2(κ4‐P4)] with NaBH4 in ethanol at 50 °C. The molecular structure of complex 5b differed from that of the related complex [WH4(dppe)2] and showed much higher reactivity. Insertion into the W–H bonds took place in the reaction of 5b with CS2 at 50 °C to give the methylenedithiolate complex [W(κ2‐S2CH2)(κ4‐P4)] (6) as the sole product, and the hydride ligands in 5b were replaced by isocyanides at 80 °C to form [W(CNR)2(κ4‐P4)] {R = tBu (7), 2,6‐Me2C6H3 (8)} in moderate yields. The detailed structures were determined by X‐ray crystallography for 3a, 5b, 6, and 7, while the fluxional behavior of 3a in solution was clarified by variable‐temperature NMR (VT NMR) spectroscopic studies.
Neutral lipid production in Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2 and other marine hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria
Authors: Manilla‐Pérez Efraín , Lange Alvin Brian , Luftmann Heinrich , Robenek Horst , Steinbüchel Alexander 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTriacylglycerols (TAG) and wax esters (WE) constitute together with polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) the major storage lipophilic compounds in prokaryotes. Recently, the production of neutral lipids such as TAG and WE has been reported in species of the genus Alcanivorax, which belongs to the group of obligate hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria (OHCB). We analyzed the production of such neutral lipids by different marine hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria growing on pyruvate or hexadecane as sole carbon source, and compared it to other bacteria such as Rhodococcus opacus strain PD630 and Acinetobacter baylyi strain ADP1, which are two well‐studied strains for production of neutral lipids. Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2 synthesized mainly TAG when cells are cultivated on pyruvate, while biosynthesis and accumulation of WE was mainly observed in cells growing on hexadecane. Alcanivorax jadensis T9 synthesized and accumulated mainly WE if cells were cultivated with hexadecane, while both TAG and WE were observed if cells were cultivated with pyruvate as sole carbon source, respectively. Predominantly production as well as export of WE was observed in Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus SP17 growing on pyruvate or hexadecane as sole carbon source. The chemical structures of TAG and WE produced by A. borkumensis SK2 were analyzed by gas chromatography and/or mass spectrometry, and first studies to investigate the influence of different C/N ratio (7, 50 or 150) on the production of neutral lipids were performed.
Ionic Acylating Agents for the Enzymatic Resolution of sec‐Alcohols in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Lourenço Nuno M. T. , Monteiro Carlos M. , Afonso Carlos A. M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPotential acylating agents containing pendant ionic groups have been screened for the enzymatic kinetic resolution of rac‐secondary alcohols in ionic liquids with CAL‐B as biocatalyst. This study has allowed the identification of the 1‐methyl‐3‐alkylimidazolium cation attached to a carboxylate group through a C10‐alkyl chain as an efficient acylating agent for this transformation. This strategy was applied to the resolution of 2‐hydroxycyclohexanecarbonitrile in which the 1R,2S enantiomer was isolated in 35 % ee (73 % yield) and the 1S,2R enantiomer in 97 % ee (23 % yield).
Sodium Hydride Catalyzed Tishchenko Reaction
Authors: Werner Thomas , Koch Juliane 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA convenient and practical method for the dimerization of aldehydes is described. The conversion of aromatic and even heteroaromatic aldehydes in the presence of catalytic amounts of sodium hydride leads to the corresponding Tishchenko esters in high yields (up to 95 %). The reaction can be performed under standard laboratory conditions and on a multigram scale (up to 10 g).
Palladium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Ene and Aldol Reactions with Isatins, Keto Esters, and Diketones: Reliable Approach to Chiral Tertiary Alcohols
Authors: Aikawa Kohsuke , Mimura Shunsuke , Numata Yukinobu , Mikami Koichi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractChiral dicationic Pd‐complex‐catalyzed enantioselective ene and aldol reactions with various isatin derivatives are shown to produce the corresponding 3‐hydroxy‐2‐oxindole products in good yields with high enantioselectivities. These catalytic processes are effective not only with isatins but also with keto esters and diketones derivatives. Even with unprotected isatin, high yields and enantioselectivities were obtained to produce convolutamydine A as a naturally occurring compound. Sequentially, α‐oxidation by m‐CPBA and α‐fluorination by selectfluor of the ene product could be achieved to give the corresponding α‐hydroxy and α‐fluoro ketones, respectively.
Sensitized phosphorescence as detection method for the enantioseparation of bupropion by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Castro‐Puyana María , Lammers Ivonne , Buijs Joost , Gooijer Cees , Ariese Freek 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA new CE detection method was developed for the chiral drug bupropion (a second‐generation antidepressant), based on phosphorescence both in the direct and in the sensitized mode using pulsed laser excitation at 266 nm. Electrokinetic chromatography using 5 mM sulfated‐α‐CD as chiral selector in 25 mM phosphate buffer at pH 3 allowed the separation of bupropion enantiomers with a high chiral resolution (Rs>3). In the sensitized phosphorescence detection mode, excitation energy is transferred from the analyte to an acceptor (1‐bromo‐4‐napthhalenesulfonic acid or biacetyl) followed by time‐resolved phosphorescence detection under deoxygenated buffer conditions. Using 2×10−4 M biacetyl as the acceptor an LOD of 2×10−7 M was obtained for each enantiomer, about 40 times better than in the direct mode. Under these separation conditions, no significantly different phosphorescence lifetimes (measured on‐line) were obtained for the two bupropion enantiomers. The suitability of the method was demonstrated with the quantification of bupropion in a pharmaceutical formulation and its determination in a spiked urine sample.
Air‐Stable Bifunctional HASPO Preligands for Metal‐Catalyzed Cross‐Couplings and Direct C–H Bond Arylations
Authors: Ackermann Lutz 
Published: November 2010

AbstractProgress in the use of heteroatom‐substituted secondary phosphine oxides (HASPO) as bifunctional preligands in transition‐metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions as well as C–H bond functionalizations with challenging substrates is summarized herein until July 2010.
Selective improvement of tumor necrosis factor capture in a cytokine hemoadsorption device using immobilized anti‐tumor necrosis factor
Authors: DiLeo Morgan V. , Fisher James D. , Burton Brianne M. , Federspiel William J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSepsis is a harmful hyper‐inflammatory state characterized by overproduction of cytokines. Removal of these cytokines using an extracorporeal device is a potential therapy for sepsis. We are developing a cytokine adsorption device (CAD) filled with porous polymer beads which efficiently depletes middle‐molecular weight cytokines from a circulating solution. However, removal of one of our targeted cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), has been significantly lower than other smaller cytokines. We addressed this issue by incorporating anti‐TNF antibodies on the outer surface of the beads. We demonstrated that covalent immobilization of anti‐TNF increases overall TNF capture from 55% (using unmodified beads) to 69%. Passive adsorption increases TNF capture to over 99%. Beads containing adsorbed anti‐TNF showed no significant loss in their ability to remove smaller cytokines, as tested using interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and interleukin‐10 (IL‐10). We also detail a novel method for quantifying surface‐bound ligand on a solid substrate. This assay enabled us to rapidly test several methods of antibody immobilization and their appropriate controls using dramatically fewer resources. These new adsorbed anti‐TNF beads provide an additional level of control over a device which previously was restricted to nonspecific cytokine adsorption. This combined approach will continue to be optimized as more information becomes available about which cytokines play the most important role in sepsis. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2011.