bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phospholipase C and Protein Kinase C-β 2 Mediate Insulin-Like Growth Factor II-Dependent Sphingosine Kinase 1 Activation
Authors: El-Shewy Hesham M. , Abdel-Samie Souzan A. , Al Qalam Abdelmohsen M. , Lee Mi-Hye , Kitatani Kazuyuki , Anelli Viviana , Jaffa Ayad A. , Obeid Lina M. , Luttrell Louis M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe recently reported that IGF-II binding to the IGF-II/mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) receptor activates the ERK1/2 cascade by triggering sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1)-dependent transactivation of G protein-coupled sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptors. Here, we investigated the mechanism of IGF-II/M6P receptor-dependent sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) activation in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. Pretreating cells with protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, bisindolylmaleimide-I, abolished IGF-II-stimulated translocation of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged SK1 to the plasma membrane and activation of endogenous SK1, implicating PKC as an upstream regulator of SK1. Using confocal microscopy to examine membrane translocation of GFP-tagged PKCα, β1, β2, δ, and ζ, we found that IGF-II induced rapid, transient, and isoform-specific translocation of GFP-PKCβ2 to the plasma membrane. Immunoblotting of endogenous PKC phosphorylation confirmed PKCβ2 activation in response to IGF-II. Similarly, IGF-II stimulation caused persistent membrane translocation of the kinase-deficient GFP-PKCβ2 (K371R) mutant, which does not dissociate from the membrane after translocation. IGF-II stimulation increased diacylglycerol (DAG) levels, the established activator of classical PKC. Interestingly, the polyunsaturated fraction of DAG was increased, indicating involvement of phosphatidyl inositol/phospholipase C (PLC). Pretreating cells with the PLC inhibitor, U73122, attenuated IGF-II-dependent DAG production and PKCβ2 phosphorylation, blocked membrane translocation of the kinase-deficient GFP-PKCβ2 (K371R) mutant, and reduced sphingosine 1-phosphate production, suggesting that PLC/PKCβ2 are upstream regulators of SK1 in the pathway. Taken together, these data provide evidence that activation of PLC and PKCβ2 by the IGF-II/M6P receptor are required for the activation of SK1.
Pregnancy outcome of the obese in Ilorin
Authors: Adesina K , Aderibigbe S , Fawole A , Ijaiya M , Olarinoye A 
Published: October 2011

Background Obesity is a nutritional disorder that is fast becoming a public health issue in the developing world. It is associated with increased incidence of maternal complications and adverse perinatal outcome. Methods and results This is a case-control study of obesity in pregnancy carried out in the maternity wing of University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. The subjects and controls were 156 obese and 80 non-obese women booked at this hospital for antenatal care. The controls were matched for age and parity. Obesity occurred more commonly among the well educated ( P = 0.00) and those in social classes I and II ( P = 0.00). The occurrence of other medical conditions was not significantly different. The obese women also had more caesarean sections ( P = 0.00), more assisted vaginal deliveries ( P = 0.00) and fewer spontaneous vaginal deliveries ( P = 0.00) than the non-obese parturients. The mean birth weight of infants of the obese mothers was 4.06 ± 0.13 kg (mean±SD) while the mean for the controls was 3.36 ± 0.49 kg. The difference was statistically significant ( P = 0.000). Also, the obese parturients had more macrosomic babies (defined as birth weight >4.2 kg) than the non-obese ( P = 0.00). The risks of perinatal asphyxia, birth trauma, neonatal admission and low birth weight were not increased among obese women in this study. Conclusion This study suggests that in our community, obesity occurs more commonly among women of high socioeconomic status and is a risk factor for maternal and fetal complications.
Muhammad, The Jews and the Constitution of Medina: Retrieving the historical Kernel
Authors: Rose Paul Lawrence 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The Constitution of Medina (Kitāb) is perhaps the earliest surviving text of Islam that is accepted as authentic even by most revisionist historians. It embodies crucial material for the history of Muḥammad's relations with the Jews of Medina as well as for the historical emergence of Islam, but its meaning and significance are difficult to ascertain, and it has proven difficult to extract the substantial kernel of historical truth which is contained within it. This article proposes a new method of doing so based on the triangulation of the Sīra narratives, the Qur'ān, and the Kitāb, in which the last may be used as a control on the other sources. The Kitāb itself is analyzed on the basis of R. B. Serjeant's critical dissection of the text into a series of component treaties concluded at various times with the Muslim, Jewish and Munāfiqūn residents of Medina. The particular episode of the Jewish Qaynuqā' tribe and its Munāfiqūn allies is investigated to demonstrate the potential of the method.
Ἁbd al-Raḥmān ibn Rustum al-Fārisī. Une tentative de biographie du premier imam de Tāhart
Authors: Prevost Virginie 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This article aims to establish the biography of Ἁbd al-Raḥmān ibn Rustum (presumably d. in 168/784–785) who founded the Ibāḍī Rustumid dynasty. Ἁbd al-Raḥmān grew up in al-Qayrawān, then he learned in Baṣra with the Ibāḍī scholar Abū ῾Ubayda Muslim ibn Abī Karīma al-Tamīmī. Afterwards he came back to the Maghrib in a group of «bearers of learning». In 140/757–758, he declined the Imāmate offered to him in favour of Abū l-Ḫaṭṭāb al-Ma῾āfirī. The latter took al-Qayrawān and proclaimed Ἁbd al-Raḥmān governor of the city. After the Ἁbbāsid reconquest and Abū l-Ḫaṭṭāb's death in 144/761–762, Ἁbd al-Raḥmān founded Tāhart. He was proclaimed Imām in 160/776–777 or 162/778–779. Under his reign, the Ibāḍī capital developed considerably.
Elastic anisotropy of Cu and its impact on stress management for 3D IC: Nanoindentation and TCAD simulation study
Authors: Yeap Kong Boon , Zschech Ehrenfried , Hangen Ude D. , Wyrobek Thomas , Kong Lay Wai , Karmakar Aditya , Xu Xiaopeng , Panchenko Iuliana 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Eye Disease Resulting From Increased Use of Fluorescent Lighting as a Climate Change Mitigation Strategy
Authors: Walls Helen L. , Walls Kelvin L. , Benke Geza 
Published: October 2011

Increased use of fluorescent lighting as a climate change mitigation strategy may increase eye disease. The safe range of light to avoid exposing the eye to potentially damaging ultraviolet (UV) radiation is 2000 to 3500K and greater than 500 nanometers. Some fluorescent lights fall outside this safe range. Fluorescent lighting may increase UV-related eye diseases by up to 12% and, according to our calculations, may cause an additional 3000 cases of cataracts and 7500 cases of pterygia annually in Australia. Greater control of UV exposure from fluorescent lights is required. This may be of particular concern for aging populations in developed countries and countries in northern latitudes where there is a greater dependence on artificial lighting.
Comparison of the Effects of the US Clean Air Act and of Smoking Prevention and Cessation Efforts on the Risk of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Goldstein Bernard D. , Liu Yan , Wu Felicia , Lioy Paul 
Published: October 2011

Objectives. We used 2 approaches based on published information to compare the impacts on leukemia incidence and benzene exposure of the 1990 US Clean Air Act (CAA) amendments and smoking prevention and cessation efforts. Methods. We extrapolated leukemia mortality related to community air pollution levels and to cigarette smoking from data from the US Environmental Protection Agency and the US Surgeon General. We also estimated relative decline in total exposures to benzene (a known human leukemogen) owing to the CAA amendments and to smoking prevention and cessation efforts. Results. We estimated that because of the CAA, there will be approximately 300 fewer leukemia deaths in the United States during the period 2000 through 2020. During the closest comparable period (1987–2007), we estimated that decline in cigarette smoking led to 7120 fewer leukemia deaths, of which 1282 to 3702 were attributable to benzene. Similarly, the decline in smoking led to about a tenfold greater decrease in total-population benzene exposure than did the 1990 CAA amendments. Conclusions. Both the CAA and smoking cessation activities contribute to a decrease in leukemia incidence. Smoking cessation activities have had a greater effect in the past.
Sexual Orientation and Substance Use Among Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Brewster Karin L. , Tillman Kathryn Harker 
Published: October 2011

Objectives. We examined interrelationships among the 3 dimensions of sexual orientation—self-identity, sexual attraction, and sexual experience—and their associations with substance use among adolescents and young adults. Methods. To estimate total and net associations of sexual identity, attraction, and experience with use of tobacco, drugs, and alcohol, we applied logistic regression to cross-sectional data from the National Survey of Family Growth Cycle 6. Results. We found a lack of concordance among the different dimensions of sexual orientation. More youths reported same-gender sexual attraction and same-gender sexual experiences than identified as lesbian, gay, or bisexual. Estimates of substance use prevalence differed significantly by gender and across dimensions of sexual orientation. Sexual experience was the most consistent predictor of substance use. Women and men with no sexual experience had the lowest odds of all forms of substance use; those reporting sexual experience with partners of both genders had the highest odds. Conclusions. Our findings indicate that sexual identity was less strongly associated with substance use than sexual experience and attraction were, pointing to the need for more nuanced indicators of sexual orientation in public health studies.
The Association of Sexual Orientation Measures With Young Adults’ Health-Related Outcomes
Authors: Lindley Lisa L. , Walsemann Katrina M. , Carter Jarvis W. 
Published: October 2011

Objectives. We examined associations among 3 dimensions of sexual orientation (identity, behavior, and attraction) and key health-related indicators commonly studied among sexual minority populations: depressive symptoms, perceived stress, smoking, binge drinking, and victimization.Methods. We analyzed data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, Wave IV (2007–2008) when respondents were aged 24 to 32 years (n = 14 412). We used multivariate linear and logistic regressions to examine consistency of associations between sexual orientation measures and health-related indicators.Results. Strength of associations differed by gender and sexual orientation measure. Among women, being attracted to both sexes, identifying as “mostly straight” or “bisexual,” and having mostly opposite-sex sexual partners was associated with greater risk for all indicators. Among men, sexual attraction was unrelated to health indicators. Men who were “mostly straight” were at greater risk for some, but not all, indicators. Men who had sexual partners of the same-sex or both sexes were at lower risk for binge drinking.Conclusions. Using all 3 dimensions of sexual orientation provides a more complete picture of the association between sexual orientation and health among young adults than does using any 1 dimension alone.
Strengthening Community Capacity to Participate in Making Decisions to Reduce Disproportionate Environmental Exposures
Authors: Freudenberg Nicholas , Pastor Manuel , Israel Barbara 
Published: October 2011

Environmental exposures impose a disproportionate health burden on low-income populations and communities of color. One contributing factor may be the obstacles such communities face to full participation in making policy decisions about environmental health. This study described and analyzed the characteristics that contributed to communities' capacity to participate in making environmental decisions and suggested steps public agencies could take to achieve more meaningful participation. By strengthening community capacity, advancing authentic participation, and building democratic power, it might be possible to alter current patterns of health inequities. Strengthening participation by working with communities to develop the capacities needed to be effective in such processes is a key role for local, state, and national environmental agencies.
Critical Biological Pathways for Chronic Psychosocial Stress and Research Opportunities to Advance the Consideration of Stress in Chemical Risk Assessment
Authors: McEwen Bruce S. , Tucker Pamela 
Published: October 2011

Emerging evidence suggests that psychosocial stress and toxicants may interact to modify health risks. Stress–toxicant interactions could be important in chemical risk assessment, but these interactions are poorly understood and additional research is necessary to advance their application. Environmental health research can increase knowledge of these interactions by exploring hypotheses on allostatic load, which measures the cumulative impacts of stress across multiple physiological pathways, using knowledge about physiological pathways for stress-related health effects, and evidence of common target pathways for both stress and toxicants. In this article, critical physiological pathways for stress-related health effects are discussed, with specific attention to allostatic load and stress–toxicant interactions, concluding with research suggestions for potential applications of such research in chemical risk assessment.
Exploring Potential Sources of Differential Vulnerability and Susceptibility in Risk From Environmental Hazards to Expand the Scope of Risk Assessment
Authors: Schwartz Joel , Bellinger David , Glass Thomas 
Published: October 2011

Genetic factors, other exposures, individual disease states and allostatic load, psychosocial stress, and socioeconomic position all have the potential to modify the response to environmental exposures. Moreover, many of these modifiers covary with the exposure, leading to much higher risks in some subgroups. These are not theoretical concerns; rather, all these patterns have already been demonstrated in studies of the effects of lead and air pollution. However, recent regulatory impact assessments for these exposures have generally not incorporated these findings. Therefore, differential risk and vulnerability is a critically important but neglected area within risk assessment, and should be incorporated in the future.
Challenging Assumptions About Minority Participation in US Clinical Research
Authors: Fisher Jill A. , Kalbaugh Corey A. 
Published: October 2011

Although extensive research addresses minorities’ low participation in clinical research, most focuses almost exclusively on therapeutic trials. The existing literature might mask important issues concerning minorities’ participation in clinical trials, and minorities might actually be overrepresented in phase I safety studies that require the participation of healthy volunteers. It is critical to consider the entire spectrum of clinical research when discussing the participation of disenfranchised groups; the literature on minorities’ distrust, poor access, and other barriers to trial participation needs reexamination. Minority participation in clinical trials is an important topic in public health discussions because this representation touches on issues of equality and the elimination of disparities, which are core values of the field.
A Systematic Review of Collaboration and Network Research in the Public Affairs Literature: Implications for Public Health Practice and Research
Authors: Varda Danielle , Shoup Jo Ann , Miller Sara 
Published: October 2011

Objectives. We explored and analyzed how findings from public affairs research can inform public health research and practice, specifically in the area of interorganizational collaboration, one of the most promising practice-based approaches in the public health field. Methods. We conducted a systematic review of the public affairs literature by following a grounded theory approach. We coded 151 articles for demographics and empirical findings (n = 258). Results. Three primary findings stand out in the public affairs literature: network structure affects governance, management strategies exist for administrators, and collaboration can be linked to outcomes. These findings are linked to priorities in public health practice. Conclusions. Overall, we found that public affairs has a long and rich history of research in collaborations that offers unique organizational theory and management tools to public health practitioners.
Transforming the Delivery of Care in the Post–Health Reform Era: What Role Will Community Health Workers Play?
Authors: Martinez Jacqueline , Ro Marguerite , William Villa Normandy , Powell Wayne , Knickman James R. 
Published: October 2011

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) affords opportunities to sustain the role of community health workers (CHWs). Among myriad strategies encouraged by PPACA are prevention and care coordination, particularly for chronic diseases, chief drivers of increased health care costs. Prevention and care coordination are functions that have been performed by CHWs for decades, particularly among underserved populations. The two key delivery models promoted in the PPACA are accountable care organizations and health homes. Both stress the importance of interdisciplinary, interprofessional health care teams, the ideal context for integrating CHWs. Equally important, the payment structures encouraged by PPACA to support these delivery models offer the vehicles to sustain the role of these valued workers.
Mortality Risk Associated With Disability: A Population-Based Record Linkage Study
Authors: Majer Istvan M. , Nusselder Wilma J. , Mackenbach Johan P. , Klijs Bart , van Baal Pieter H. M. 
Published: October 2011

Objectives. We assessed the association between mortality and disability and quantified the effect of disability-associated risk factors. Methods. We linked data from cross-sectional health surveys in the Netherlands to the population registry to create a large data set comprising baseline covariates and an indicator of death. We used Cox regression models to estimate the hazard ratio of disability on mortality. Results. Among men, the unadjusted hazard ratio for activities of daily living, mobility, or mild disability defined by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development at age 55 years was 7.85 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.36, 14.13), 5.21 (95% CI = 3.19, 8.51), and 1.87 (95% CI = 1.58, 2.22), respectively. People with disability in activities of daily living and mobility had a 10-year shorter life expectancy than nondisabled people had, of which 6 years could be explained by differences in lifestyle, sociodemographics, and major chronic diseases. Conclusions. Disabled people face a higher mortality risk than nondisabled people do. Although the difference can be explained by diseases and other risk factors for those with mild disability, we cannot rule out that more severe disabilities have an independent effect on mortality.
Expanding the Scope of Risk Assessment: Methods of Studying Differential Vulnerability and Susceptibility
Authors: Schwartz Joel , Bellinger David , Glass Thomas 
Published: October 2011

Several methodological issues have been identified in analysis of epidemiological data to better assess the distributional effects of exposures and hypotheses about effect modification. We discuss the hierarchical mixed model and some more complex methods. Methods of capturing inequality are a second dimension of risk assessment, and simulation studies are important because plausible choices for air pollution effects and effect modifiers could result in extremely high risks in a small subset of the population. Future epidemiological studies should explore contextual and individual-level factors that might modify these relationships. The Environmental Protection Agency should make this a standard part of their risk assessments whenever the necessary information is available.
Health Inequality over the Life-Cycle
Authors: Halliday Timothy 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
We estimate a dynamic model of health that is rooted in "stress models" from Epidemiology. Health is determined by time-invariant endowments, permanent shocks, and transitory shocks. We estimate that the variance in health at age 60 ranges between 2.5 and five times its variance at age 25 depending on which demographic group we consider. We show that the stress model performs better than a simple alternative, the random effects Probit, particularly for less educated people.
Trends in biodiversity research over two decades: paradigmatic finders keepers?
Authors: France Robert 
Published: October 2011

Trends in biodiversity research over two decades: paradigmatic finders keepers?
Biodiversity research has been criticized for displaying the "founder effect" and not deviating in terms of study topic from the course set by its founding terrestrial ecologists more than three decades ago. I tested this hypothesis by examining over four thousand papers published between 1987 and 2008 in three international journals, Conservation Biology, Biological Conservation, and Biodiversity and Conservation. Analysis of temporal trends in types of organisms studied, types of ecosystems studied, types of methodologies used, and types of stresses investigated, revealed that there has been little movement away from the origins of the profession as being primarily concerned with the effects of forest habitat loss on charismatic terrestrial megafauna.
Application of the ISSR method to estimate the genetic similarity of Dasypyrum villosum (L.) P. Candargy Greek populations to Triticum and Secale species
Authors: Grądzielewska Agnieszka 
Published: October 2011

Application of the ISSR method to estimate the genetic similarity of Dasypyrum villosum (L.) P. Candargy Greek populations to Triticum and Secale species
In the study, the genetic similarity between Dasypyrum villosum L. (P.) Candargy and Triticum L. and Secale L. species was studied on the basis of ISSR markers. As a very polymorphic, effective and reproducible method, ISSR can be successfully employed to evaluate polymorphism between and inside different species. The polymorphic information content values (PIC) of ISSR method ranged from 0.57 to 0.87, with the mean value of 0.7. The genetic similarity of the forms analyzed ranged from 0.27 to 0.97, with the mean value of 0.47, indicating their high diversity. A higher similarity of Dasypyrum villosum to Triticum species, in comparison with Secale was found - the mean Dice genetic similarity index between genera was calculated at 0.40 for Dasypyrum and Triticum, and at 0.31 for Dasypyrum and Secale.
Allergenic invasive plant Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. in Poland: threat and selected aspects of biology
Authors: Tokarska-Guzik Barbara , Bzdęga Katarzyna , Koszela Katarzyna , Żabińska Izabela , Krzuś Barbara , Sajan Małgorzata , Sendek Agnieszka 
Published: October 2011

Allergenic invasive plant Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. in Poland: threat and selected aspects of biology
The study presents the current state of research on Ambrosia artemisiifolia in Poland within its wider scientific background and gives the results of some field and laboratory investigations. This annual plant is characterised by a high level of production of seeds, easily dispersed by different vectors. Ragweed pollen is a strong allergen considered to be one of the most dangerous pollen allergens in the world. Being a serious hazard to human health, it is also considered as an "environmental weed" causing economic threat. The main aim of the study is to verify the status of the species in the flora of Poland, to assess the threat and discuss possibilities to prevent its future spread.