bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blending of heritable recognition cues among ant nestmates creates distinct colony gestalt odours but prevents within‐colony nepotism
Authors: Van ZWEDEN J. S. , BRASK J. B. , CHRISTENSEN J. H. , BOOMSMA J. J. , LINKSVAYER T. A. , d’ETTORRE P. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe evolution of sociality is facilitated by the recognition of close kin, but if kin recognition is too accurate, nepotistic behaviour within societies can dissolve social cohesion. In social insects, cuticular hydrocarbons act as nestmate recognition cues and are usually mixed among colony members to create a Gestalt odour. Although earlier studies have established that hydrocarbon profiles are influenced by heritable factors, transfer among nestmates and additional environmental factors, no studies have quantified these relative contributions for separate compounds. Here, we use the ant Formica rufibarbis in a cross‐fostering design to test the degree to which hydrocarbons are heritably synthesized by young workers and transferred by their foster workers. Bioassays show that nestmate recognition has a significant heritable component. Multivariate quantitative analyses based on 38 hydrocarbons reveal that a subset of branched alkanes are heritably synthesized, but that these are also extensively transferred among nestmates. In contrast, especially linear alkanes are less heritable and little transferred; these are therefore unlikely to act as cues that allow within‐colony nepotistic discrimination or as nestmate recognition cues. These results indicate that heritable compounds are suitable for establishing a genetic Gestalt for efficient nestmate recognition, but that recognition cues within colonies are insufficiently distinct to allow nepotistic kin discrimination.
Song Learning in Song Sparrows: Relative Importance of Autumn vs. Spring Tutoring
Authors: Nulty Brigid , Burt John M. , Akçay Çağlar , Templeton Christopher N. , Elizabeth Campbell S. , Beecher Michael D. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe examined ‘late’ song learning in song sparrows (Melospiza melodia), i.e., song learning that occurs after the first few months, or classical sensitive period, of the natal summer. Fledgling juveniles were brought into the laboratory at 2–3 mo of age and exposed to computer‐simulated song tutors in three different time periods: late in the natal summer, the autumn, and the next spring. As expected, the birds’ final repertoires consisted mostly of songs heard in the field, but 30% of the birds’ songs were influenced by songs heard in the laboratory (selective retention) and another 8% were learned de novo in the laboratory. Parallel results were obtained for a second group of birds who received laboratory tutoring only in the spring. In fact, the results suggested that autumn tutoring may even be inhibitory. We conclude that the songs a young song sparrow hears in his first spring may be critical to his final repertoire development, indicating that the song learning process in song sparrows is longer and more flexible than previously supposed.
Overview of endocrinopathies associated with β‐thalassaemia major
Authors: Perera N. J. , Lau N. S. , Mathews S. , Waite C. , Ho P. J. , Caterson I. D. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackground:  Thalassaemia major is a common and serious medical problem worldwide that is associated with a range of complications, including effects on multiple endocrine pathways. Minimizing or preventing comorbidities is important for these individuals who need life‐long multidisciplinary care and treatment. However, there are limited overviews of the endocrine complications associated with this illness, nor any consensus regarding management guidelines.Method:  A retrospective cohort analysis of β‐thalassaemia patients attending an ambulatory transfusion clinic at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital was conducted from June 2008.Results:  All of our subjects (n = 29) had at least one endocrinopathy present with 16 patients (55%) having three or more (≥3) endocrinopathies. Hypogonadism was the most prevalent followed by osteoporosis and growth failure (less than 3rd centile) with a frequency of 16/29 (55%), 14/29 (48%) and 10/29 (35%) patients respectively. Those with more endocrinopathies (≥3) had a longer duration of transfusion therapy when compared with those with fewer endocrinopathies.Conclusion:  A summary of our clinical guidelines, which have been used to monitor and manage these complications, is presented along with a discussion on the results and pathophysiology of the associated endocrinopathies.
Gender, age and ethnic aspects of analgesia in acute abdominal pain: is analgesia even across the groups?
Authors: Banz V. M. , Christen B. , Paul K. , Martinolli L. , Candinas D. , Zimmermann H. , Exadaktylos A. K. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackground: Numerous studies have shown differences in pain perception between men and women, which may affect pain management strategies.Aim: Our primary aim was to investigate whether there are gender‐based differences in pain management in patients admitted to our emergency department with acute, non‐specific abdominal pain (NSAP). Our secondary aim was to evaluate if other factors influence administration of analgesia for patients admitted with NSAP.Methods: From June 2007 to June 2008, we carried out a retrospective, gender‐based, frequency‐matched control study with 150 patients (75 consecutive men and 75 women) who presented with NSAP at our emergency department. Pain was documented using a numerical rating scale (‘0’ no pain, ‘10’ most severe pain). A multinomial regression model was used to assess factors that might influence pain management.Results: No statistically significant difference was seen between men and women with respect to pain management (P= 0.085). Younger patients were, however, more likely to receive weaker (P= 0.011) and fewer analgesics (P < 0.001). Patients with previous abdominal surgery (P= 0.012), known chronic pain conditions (P= 0.029) or relevant comorbidities (P= 0.048) received stronger analgesia. Nationality (P= 0.244), employment status (P= 0.988), time of admission (P= 0.487) and known psychiatric illness (P= 0.579) did not influence pain management.Conclusions: No statistically significant gender‐dependent differences in pain management were observed. However, younger patients received less potent analgesic treatment. There is no reason for certain groups to receive suboptimal treatment, and greater efforts should be made to offer consistent treatment to all patients.
Personality predicts the use of social information
Authors: Kurvers Ralf H. J. M. , Van Oers Kees , Nolet Bart A. , Jonker Rudy M. , Van Wieren Sipke E. , Prins Herbert H. T. , Ydenberg Ron C. 
Published: May 2010

Ecology Letters(2010) 13: 829–837AbstractThe use of social information is known to affect various important aspects of an individual’s ecology, such as foraging, dispersal and space use and is generally assumed to be entirely flexible and context dependent. However, the potential link between personality differences and social information use has received little attention. In this study, we studied whether use of social information was related to personality, using barnacle geese,Branta leucopsis, where boldness is a personality trait known to be consistent over time. We found that the use of social information decreased with increasing boldness score of the individuals. Individuals had lower feeding times when they did not follow the social information and this effect was unrelated to boldness score. When manipulating social information, thereby making it incorrect, individuals irrespective of their boldness score, learned that it was incorrect and ignored it. Our results show that social information use depends on the personality type of an individual, which calls for incorporation of these personality‐related differences in studies of spatial distribution of animals in which social information use plays a role.
Can mechanism inform species’ distribution models?
Authors: Buckley Lauren B. , Urban Mark C. , Angilletta Michael J. , Crozier Lisa G. , Rissler Leslie J. , Sears Michael W. 
Published: May 2010

Ecology Letters (2010) 13: 1041–1054AbstractTwo major approaches address the need to predict species distributions in response to environmental changes. Correlative models estimate parameters phenomenologically by relating current distributions to environmental conditions. By contrast, mechanistic models incorporate explicit relationships between environmental conditions and organismal performance, estimated independently of current distributions. Mechanistic approaches include models that translate environmental conditions into biologically relevant metrics (e.g. potential duration of activity), models that capture environmental sensitivities of survivorship and fecundity, and models that use energetics to link environmental conditions and demography. We compared how two correlative and three mechanistic models predicted the ranges of two species: a skipper butterfly (Atalopedes campestris) and a fence lizard (Sceloporus undulatus). Correlative and mechanistic models performed similarly in predicting current distributions, but mechanistic models predicted larger range shifts in response to climate change. Although mechanistic models theoretically should provide more accurate distribution predictions, there is much potential for improving their flexibility and performance.
Lianas suppress tree regeneration and diversity in treefall gaps
Authors: Schnitzer Stefan A. , Carson Walter P. 
Published: May 2010

Ecology Letters (2010) 13: 849–857AbstractTreefall gaps are hypothesized to maintain diversity by creating resource‐rich, heterogeneous habitats necessary for species coexistence. This hypothesis, however, is not supported empirically for shade‐tolerant trees, the dominant plant group in tropical forests. The failure of gaps to maintain shade‐tolerant trees remains puzzling, and the hypothesis implicated to date is dispersal limitation. In central Panama, we tested an alternative ‘biotic interference’ hypothesis: that competition between growth forms (lianas vs. trees) constrains shade‐tolerant tree recruitment, survival and diversity in gaps. We experimentally removed lianas from eight gaps and monitored them for 8 years, while also monitoring nine un‐manipulated control gaps. Removing lianas increased tree growth, recruitment and richness by 55, 46 and 65%, respectively. Lianas were particularly harmful to shade‐tolerant species, but not pioneers. Our findings demonstrate that competition between plant growth forms constrains diversity in a species‐rich tropical forest. Because lianas are abundant in many tropical systems, our findings may apply broadly.
Dual influences of ecosystem size and disturbance on food chain length in streams
Authors: McHugh Peter A. , McIntosh Angus R. , Jellyman Phillip G. 
Published: May 2010

Ecology Letters (2010) 13: 881–890AbstractThe number of trophic transfers occurring between basal resources and top predators, food chain length (FCL), varies widely in the world’s ecosystems for reasons that are poorly understood, particularly for stream ecosystems. Available evidence indicates that FCL is set by energetic constraints, environmental stochasticity, or ecosystem size effects, although no single explanation has yet accounted for FCL patterns in a broad sense. Further, whether environmental disturbance can influence FCL has been debated on both theoretical and empirical grounds for quite some time. Using data from sixteen South Island, New Zealand streams, we determined whether the so‐called ecosystem size, disturbance, or resource availability hypotheses could account for FCL variation in high country fluvial environments. Stable isotope‐based estimates of maximum trophic position ranged from 2.6 to 4.2 and averaged 3.5, a value on par with the global FCL average for streams. Model‐selection results indicated that stream size and disturbance regime best explained across‐site patterns in FCL, although resource availability was negatively correlated with our measure of disturbance; FCL approached its maximum in large, stable springs and was <3.5 trophic levels in small, fishless and/or disturbed streams. Community data indicate that size influenced FCL, primarily through its influence on local fish species richness (i.e., via trophic level additions and/or insertions), whereas disturbance did so via an effect on the relative availability of intermediate predators (i.e., predatory invertebrates) as prey for fishes. Overall, our results demonstrate that disturbance can have an important food web‐structuring role in stream ecosystems, and further imply that pluralistic explanations are needed to fully understand the range of structural variation observed for real food webs.
Structural dynamics and robustness of food webs
Authors: Staniczenko Phillip P. A. , Lewis Owen T. , Jones Nick S. , Reed‐Tsochas Felix 
Published: May 2010

Ecology Letters (2010) 13: 891–899AbstractFood web structure plays an important role when determining robustness to cascading secondary extinctions. However, existing food web models do not take into account likely changes in trophic interactions (‘rewiring’) following species loss. We investigated structural dynamics in 12 empirically documented food webs by simulating primary species loss using three realistic removal criteria, and measured robustness in terms of subsequent secondary extinctions. In our model, novel trophic interactions can be established between predators and food items not previously consumed following the loss of competing predator species. By considering the increase in robustness conferred through rewiring, we identify a new category of species – overlap species – which promote robustness as shown by comparing simulations incorporating structural dynamics to those with static topologies. The fraction of overlap species in a food web is highly correlated with this increase in robustness; whereas species richness and connectance are uncorrelated with increased robustness. Our findings underline the importance of compensatory mechanisms that may buffer ecosystems against environmental change, and highlight the likely role of particular species that are expected to facilitate this buffering.
Genitourinary involvement in epidermolysis bullosa: clinical presentations and therapeutic challenges
Authors: Kajbafzadeh Abdol‐Mohammad , Elmi Azadeh , Mazaheri Parisa , Talab Saman Shafaat , Jan Delaram 
Published: May 2010

Study Type – Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4OBJECTIVESTo present our experience of children with epidermolysis bullosa (EB; a rare bullous disorder of the skin) with genitourinary involvement.PATIENTS AND METHODSThe medical records of eight children diagnosed with EB (six junctional and two dystrophic type) with genitourinary involvement were reviewed retrospectively. The data collected included age, clinical presentation, ultrasonographic findings, voiding cystourethrography, urodynamic and uroflowmetry studies, and the treatment challenges. The outcomes of the interventions were evaluated every 6 months.RESULTSThe mean age was 2.3 years (range 1 day to 7 years). The most common clinical presentations were urinary retention and voiding difficulty. Meatomy was performed in two of three boys followed by diminution of urological complaints. In children with vesico‐ureteric reflux, subureteric injections of bulking agent and ureteric stenting were satisfactory. Detrusor instability and bladder compliance improved after α‐blocker therapy. The mean (range) follow‐up was 62.6 (11–120) months except for two who died in early infancy.CONCLUSIONSConsidering the potential urological involvement in every child with EB it is essential to provide patients with early appropriate treatment. Management of urological problems should preferably be in a way to entail minimal interventions and if required be performed using small sized instruments. Medical therapy seems promising for voiding dysfunction in this subset of patients.
A Noncooperative Quantity‐Rationing Theory of Transboundary Pollution
Authors: SHAH SUDHIR A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe study a remedy for the problem caused by international transfrontier pollution. Our results are derived from the analysis of a noncooperative game model of the determination of emissions in a quantity‐rationing setting. We model the emission capping negotiations using the best response dynamic process and provide natural conditions under which the process has a unique and globally asymptotically stable stationary point. We then analyze the link between type profiles and the stationary points of the negotiation process to derive various comparative statics results and the type‐contingent ordering of emission allocations. These results are used to study the investment strategies that nations can use prior to the negotiations in order to manipulate the equilibrium emission caps.
Effect of prothrombin 19911 A>G polymorphism on the risk of cerebral sinus‐venous thrombosis
Authors: Martinelli I. , Bucciarelli P. , De Stefano V. , Passamonti S. M. , Menegatti M. , Tormene D. , Tosetto A. , Mannucci P. M. 
Published: May 2010

Background and Purpose:  The A>G polymorphism at position 19911 of the prothrombin gene is associated with a mildly increased risk of venous thromboembolism, alone or in association with such common thrombophilia mutations as factor V Leiden and prothrombin 20210 GA. Its role in cerebral sinus‐venous thrombosis (CSVT) is not known.Methods:  The presence of prothrombin 19911 A>G was investigated in a case–control study of 107 patients with cerebral thrombosis and factor V Leiden (n = 25), prothrombin 20210 GA (n = 47), without known thrombophilia (n = 35) and 842 healthy individuals with the corresponding coagulation profile.Results:  Prothrombin 19911 A>G did not increase the risk of CSVT in carriers of factor V Leiden (adjusted odds ratio 1.6, 95%CI 0.6–4.7), prothrombin 20210 GA (odds ratio 1.1, 95%CI 0.6–2.2), nor in patients without known thrombophilia (odds ratio 1.3, 95%CI 0.5–3.1).Conclusions:  Prothrombin 19911 A>G polymorphism does not appear to be a risk factor for CSVT, alone or in association with factor V Leiden or prothrombin 20210GA.
EFNS guideline on the treatment of tension‐type headache – Report of an EFNS task force
Authors: Bendtsen L. , Evers S. , Linde M. , Mitsikostas D. D. , Sandrini G. , Schoenen J. 
Published: May 2010

Background:  Tension‐type headache (TTH) is the most prevalent headache type and is causing a high degree of disability. Treatment of frequent TTH is often difficult.Objectives:  To give evidence‐based or expert recommendations for the different treatment procedures in TTH based on a literature search and the consensus of an expert panel.Methods:  All available medical reference systems were screened for the range of clinical studies on TTH. The findings in these studies were evaluated according to the recommendations of the EFNS resulting in level A, B or C recommendations and good practice points.Recommendations:  Non‐drug management should always be considered although the scientific basis is limited. Information, reassurance and identification of trigger factors may be rewarding. Electromyography (EMG) biofeedback has a documented effect in TTH, whilst cognitive‐behavioural therapy and relaxation training most likely are effective. Physical therapy and acupuncture may be valuable options for patients with frequent TTH, but there is no robust scientific evidence for efficacy. Simple analgesics and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs are recommended for the treatment of episodic TTH. Combination analgesics containing caffeine are drugs of second choice. Triptans, muscle relaxants and opioids should not be used. It is crucial to avoid frequent and excessive use of analgesics to prevent the development of medication‐overuse headache. The tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline is drug of first choice for the prophylactic treatment of chronic TTH. Mirtazapine and venlafaxine are drugs of second choice. The efficacy of the prophylactic drugs is often limited, and treatment may be hampered by side effects.
SIX QUESTIONS ON (OR ABOUT) HOLOCAUST DENIAL
Authors: LANG BEREL 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTSix questions are outlined and then responded to about Holocaust denial. These consider (1) Holocaust denial's view of the Holocaust counterfactually—if it had occurred; (2) the presumed adequacy of the binary choice between Holocaust denial and affirmation; (3) the status and credence of their own assertions among denial advocates; (4) the often implied historiographic uniqueness of Holocaust denial; (5) the contributions to Holocaust history of the denial position; (6) the measures—scholarly, legislative, practical—that have been or might be directed at the phenomenon of Holocaust denial.
WHO SUFFERED FROM THE CRISIS OF HISTORICISM? A DUTCH EXAMPLE
Authors: PAUL HERMAN 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTWas the crisis of historicism an exclusively German affair? Or was it a “narrowly academic crisis,” as is sometimes assumed? Answering both questions in the negative, this paper argues that crises of historicism affected not merely intellectual elites, but even working‐class people, not only in Germany, but also in the Netherlands. With an elaborated case study, the article shows that Dutch “neo‐Calvinist” Protestants from the 1930s onward experienced their own crisis of historicism. For a variety of reasons, this religious subgroup came to experience a collapse of its “historicist” worldview. Following recent German scholarship, the paper argues that this historicism was not a matter of Rankean historical methods, but of “historical identifications,” or modes of identity formation in which historical narratives played crucial roles. Based on this Dutch case study, then, the article develops two arguments. In a quantitative mode, it argues that more and different people suffered from the crisis of historicism than is usually assumed. In addition, it offers a qualitative argument: that the crisis was located especially among groups that derived their identity from “historical identifications.” Those who suffered most from the crisis of historicism were those who understood themselves as embedded in narratives that connected past, present, and future in such a way as to offer identity in historical terms.
THE SOVEREIGNTY OF MODERN TIMES: DIFFERENT CONCEPTS OF TIME AND THE MODERNIST PERSPECTIVE
Authors: LEBOVIC NITZAN 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT Given World and Time is a collection of essays that summarizes much of the recent work on the theory of time, including cultural, political, and social conceptualizations of temporality. The grounding narrative of this collection, roughly stated, leads from the German and German‐Jewish ideas of a temporality of crisis developed in the 1920s, to the French poststructuralism of the 1960s and 1970s, and concludes with the American syntheses of the 1980s and 1990s. Methodologically, the book weaves together different historical narratives with a new emphasis on their temporal dimension, all seen from the perspective of critical theory and recent cultural critique. However, it is interesting to point out that the majority of the articles do not challenge the classic critical tools of modernism, in spite of the frequent reference to poststructuralist critique. The volume editor has also not acknowledged more recent work that treats similar topics and themes through the application of a radical political critique, most significantly the work associated with biopolitics and the so‐called theological turn.