bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CommanderUAP: a practical and transferable universal adversarial attacks on speech recognition models
Authors: Sun Zheng , Zhao Jinxiao , Guo Feng , Chen Yuxuan , Ju Lei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMost of the adversarial attacks against speech recognition systems focus on specific adversarial perturbations, which are generated by adversaries for each normal example to achieve the attack. Universal adversarial perturbations (UAPs), which are independent of the examples, have recently received wide attention for their enhanced real-time applicability and expanded threat range. However, most of the UAP research concentrates on the image domain, and less on speech. In this paper, we propose a staged perturbation generation method that constructs CommanderUAP, which achieves a high success rate of universal adversarial attack against speech recognition models. Moreover, we apply some methods from model training to improve the generalization in attack and we control the imperceptibility of the perturbation in both time and frequency domains. In specific scenarios, CommanderUAP can also transfer attack some commercial speech recognition APIs.
Results from the randomized phase 3 DREAMM-8 study of belantamab mafodotin plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone (BPd) vs pomalidomide plus bortezomib and dexamethasone (PVd) in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM).
Authors: Trudel Suzanne , Beksac Meral , Pour Luděk , Delimpasi Sosana , Quach Hang , Vorobyev Vladimir I. , Cavo Michele , Suzuki Kazuhito , Robak Pawel , Morris Kristin , Phillips-Jones Amy , Zhou Xiaoou Linnette , Fulci Giulia , Sule Neal , Kremer Brandon , Opalinska Joanna , Mateos Maria-Victoria , Dimopoulos Meletios Athanasios 
Published: June 2024

LBA105 Background: Use of triplet/quadruplet therapies for 1L MM raises the need for novel combinations at first relapse, which belantamab mafodotin (belamaf) combos may address. In DREAMM-7, BVd led to a significant improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) and a strong trend in improved overall survival (OS) vs daratumumab-Vd in patients (pts) with ≥1 prior therapy. We report results from DREAMM-8 (NCT04484623), which tested a different belamaf combo (BPd) and met its primary endpoint of independent review committee–assessed PFS at a prespecified interim analysis. Methods: DREAMM-8 is a phase 3, open-label, randomized, multicenter trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of BPd vs PVd in RRMM pts who received ≥1 prior line of therapy (LoT), including lenalidomide. Pts were randomly assigned 1:1 to BPd (28-d cycles): belamaf 2.5 mg/kg IV (D1, C1), 1.9 mg/kg (D1, C2+) + pom 4 mg (D1-21, all C) + dex 40 mg (D1, QW, all C), or PVd (21-d cycles): pom 4 mg (D1-14, all C) + bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2 SC (D1, 4, 8, 11 [C1-8]; and D1, 8 [C9+]) + dex 20 mg (day of and 1 day after bortezomib dose). Results: 155 pts were randomly assigned to BPd and 147 to PVd. With a median (range) follow-up of 21.78 mo (0.03-39.23), median PFS (95% CI) was not reached (NR; 20.6-NR) with BPd vs 12.7 mo (9.1-18.5) with PVd (HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.37-0.73; P<0.001). 12-month PFS rate (95% CI) was 71% (63-78%) with BPd vs 51% (42-60%) with PVd. ORR (95% CI) was 77% (70.0-83.7%) with BPd vs 72% (64.1-79.2%) with PVd; rate of complete response or better (95% CI) was 40% (32.2-48.2%) with BPd vs 16% (10.7-23.3%) with PVd. Median duration of response (95% CI) was NR (24.9-NR) with BPd vs 17.5 mo (12.1-26.4) with PVd. A positive trend favoring BPd was seen for OS (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.53-1.14); follow up for OS is ongoing. Adverse events (AEs) were reported in >99% and 96% of pts in the BPd and PVd arms, respectively. Of pts treated with BPd, 89% had ocular AEs (CTCAE grade 3/4, 43%) vs 30% (grade 3/4, 2%) in the PVd arm. AEs were generally manageable, and broadly consistent with known safety profile of individual agents. Conclusions: The DREAMM-8 study demonstrated a statistically significant and clinically meaningful PFS benefit with BPd vs PVd in RRMM with >1 prior LoT. BPd also led to deeper and more durable responses, showed a favorable OS trend, and had a manageable safety profile. Clinical trial information: NCT04484623 . [Table: see text]
Atezolizumab in patients (pts) with tumor mutational burden (TMB)–high tumors from the TAPISTRY trial.
Authors: Dziadziuszko Rafal , Barlesi Fabrice , Kim Jeong Eun , Gadgeel Shirish M. , Krzakowski Maciej , Jeong Jae Ho , Daniele Gennaro , Chen David , Hu Youyou , Wilson Timothy R. , Simmons Brian P. , Thomas David Morgan 
Published: June 2024

LBA2509 Background: Studies have suggested that pts with TMB-high tumors could derive clinical benefit from atezolizumab, a PD-L1 inhibitor; however, these studies used inconsistent TMB cutoffs. We report efficacy and safety data of atezolizumab in adult and pediatric pts with TMB-high advanced/metastatic solid tumors from Cohort D of the TAPISTRY trial (NCT04589845), using two TMB cutoffs: ≥13 mutations [mut]/Mb and ≥16 mut/Mb. Methods: TAPISTRY is a phase II, global, open-label, multicohort basket trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of multiple therapies in pretreated pts with advanced/metastatic solid tumors. Pts in Cohort D had advanced unresectable/metastatic, PD-L1 inhibitor-naïve, TMB-high (≥13 mut/Mb) solid tumors. Atezolizumab was given every 21 days, at 1200 mg in pts ≥18 years old, and at ≥15 mg/kg (up to 1200 mg) in pts <18 years old. Tumor responses were assessed per RECIST v1.1. Primary endpoint: objective response rate (ORR) by independent review committee (IRC) in pts with TMB ≥16 mut/Mb. Secondary endpoints included ORR by IRC in pts with TMB ≥13 mut/Mb, duration of response (DoR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and safety. Results: At data cut-off (Nov 9, 2023), 150 pts with TMB ≥13 mut/Mb were enrolled. In the safety-evaluable population (n = 148), median age was 63 years (range 11–86); 56% of pts were male, and 56% had received ≥2 prior lines of therapy (median 2; range 0–14). The efficacy-evaluable population included 129 pts with TMB ≥13 mut/Mb (TMB ≥16 mut/Mb; n = 111); the most common tumor types were colorectal (n = 40; 31%), breast, and gastroesophageal cancer (n = 11 each; 9%). Key outcomes are presented (Table). After a median follow-up of 9.8 months, ORR by IRC was comparable between pts with TMB ≥16 mut/Mb (22.5%) and pts with TMB ≥13 mut/Mb (20.2%). Responses were seen across a variety of tumor types. DoR 6- and 12-month event-free rates were 79% and 72%, respectively. Median PFS was short, suggesting fast disease progression in non-responders. Fatigue (22%) and anemia (20%) were the most common adverse events. Safety of atezolizumab was consistent with its known profile. Conclusions: Atezolizumab was well tolerated and led to antitumor activity in pts with TMB-high solid tumors. Responses were seen across a variety of tumor types. Clinical trial information: NCT04589845 . [Table: see text]
Prognostic utility of ctDNA detection in the monarchE trial of adjuvant abemaciclib plus endocrine therapy (ET) in HR+, HER2-, node-positive, high-risk early breast cancer (EBC).
Authors: Loi Sherene , Johnston Stephen R. D. , Arteaga Carlos L. , Graff Stephanie L. , Chandarlapaty Sarat , Goetz Matthew P. , Desmedt Christine , Sasano Hironobu , Liu Deli , Rodrik-Outmezguine Vanessa , Sireci Anthony , Sandoval Cynthia , Won Helen H , Litchfield Lacey M , Turner Nicholas C. 
Published: June 2024

LBA507 Background: In monarchE (NCT03155997), 2 years of adjuvant abemaciclib + ET resulted in sustained improvement in invasive disease-free survival (IDFS; HR=0.680, 7.6% absolute benefit at 5 years) in patients (pts) with HR+, HER2-, node-positive, high-risk EBC. Here, we investigate the prognostic value of ctDNA detection and dynamics in pts from monarchE. Methods: Samples were analyzed from a selected pt subset (n=1397; abemaciclib + ET arm, n=685; ET arm, n=712), enriched for overall IDFS events compared to the total monarchE study population (IDFS event rate: 31% [433/1397] vs 18% [992/5637]). Pts had blood collected pre-study treatment (baseline) and at 3, 6, or 24 months. ctDNA detection was performed using the personalized, tumor informed Signatera ctDNA assay (Natera, Inc) and whole exome sequencing (WES) of matched primary tumor and normal required for assay design was performed. Results: Among 1397 pts, 65% (n=910) had sufficient plasma samples and WES performed, and all 910 had successful ctDNA assay testing. Among these 910 pts, the IDFS event rate was 27% (abemaciclib + ET, 23% [101/438]; ET alone, 31% [146/472]). Rates of ctDNA positivity (at baseline and any change from baseline) and associated IDFS events are shown in Table. Among pts with ctDNA positivity, 87% had an IDFS event in comparison to 15% with persistent ctDNA negative (-) status during the study. Conclusions: In a pt subset from monarchE enriched for IDFS events, ctDNA detection was relatively infrequent (<20%); however, its detection at any time during the 24 months of study therapy was adversely prognostic. As compared to pts who had remaining ctDNA positive (+), pts who had clearance of ctDNA on therapy had lower risk of IDFS events, but the event risk still remained clinically meaningful in these pts. Clinical trial information: NCT03155997 . [Table: see text]
Sacituzumab govitecan (SG) vs docetaxel (doc) in patients (pts) with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) previously treated with platinum (PT)-based chemotherapy (chemo) and PD(L)-1inhibitors (IO): Primary results from the phase 3 EVOKE-01 study.
Authors: Paz-Ares Luis G. , Juan-Vidal Oscar , Mountzios Giannis Socrates , Felip Enriqueta , Reinmuth Niels , de Marinis Filippo , Girard Nicolas , Patel Vipul M. , Takahama Takayuki , Owen Scott Peter , Reznick Douglas , Badin Firas Benyamine , Cicin Irfan , Mekan Sabeen Fatima , Patel Riddhi , Zhang Eric , Karumanchi Divyadeep , Garassino Marina Chiara 
Published: June 2024

LBA8500 Background: In pts with mNSCLC who progress on PT-based chemo and IO, doc is standard of care, but outcomes remain poor. SG, a Trop-2-directed antibody drug conjugate, showed durable response and tolerable safety in pretreated mNSCLC. We report results from the phase 3, randomized, open-label EVOKE-01 study comparing SG vs doc. Methods: Pts with mNSCLC with disease progression after PT-based chemo and IO were randomized 1:1 (stratified by histology, best response to last prior IO, and prior treatment for actionable genomic alterations [yes/no]) to receive SG (10 mg/kg IV, days 1 and 8) or doc (75 mg/m2 IV, day 1) in 21-day cycles until progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS); key secondary endpoints were investigator assessed progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR), patient-reported outcomes (PROs), and safety. Results: As of Nov 29, 2023, 603 pts were randomized. Median (range) age was 65 (31–84) yrs; 55% had 1 prior therapy line. The study was not statistically significant for OS. A numerical improvement in OS, favoring SG, was seen (HR 0.84 [95% CI, 0.68–1.04; 1-sided P = 0.0534]) including in pts with squamous and nonsquamous histology. PFS and ORR are shown in the Table. A clinically meaningful difference in median OS favoring SG (3.5 mo) was seen in pts without response to last prior IO. PROs were improved with SG vs doc. Grade ≥3 treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) incidence was 66.6% (SG) and 75.7% (doc). Treatment-related AEs led to discontinuation in 6.8% (SG) and 14.2% (doc). Conclusions: Although statistical significance was not met, SG showed numerical improvement in OS vs doc. Results were consistent across all major subgroups including histology. Clinically meaningful improvement in OS was noted in pts without response to prior IO. SG was better tolerated than doc; observed safety was consistent with the known profile. Clinical trial information: NCT05089734 . [Table: see text]
Analysis of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases Reveals an Enrichment of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 12 Structural Rearrangements in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Positive Disease
Authors: Bhogal Talvinder , Giannoudis Athina , Sokol Ethan , Ali Simak , Palmieri Carlo 
Published: June 2024

PURPOSE Genomic alterations have been identified in patients with breast cancer brain metastases (BCBMs), but large structural rearrangements have not been extensively studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed the genomic profiles of 822 BCBMs and compared them with 11,988 local, breast-biopsied breast cancers (BCs) and 15,516 non-CNS metastases (Non-CNS M) derived from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded material using targeted capture sequencing. RESULTS Nine genes with structural rearrangements were more prevalent within BCBMs as compared with local BCs and Non-CNS M (adjusted- P < .05) and displayed a prevalence of >0.5%. The most common rearrangements within BCBMs involves cyclin-dependent kinase 12 ( CDK12; 3.53%) as compared with the local BC (0.86%; adjusted- P = 7.1 × 10–8) and Non-CNS M specimens (0.68%; adjusted- P = 3.7 × 10–10). CDK12 rearrangements had a significantly higher frequency within human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–positive BCBMs (14.59%) compared with HER2-positive BCs (7.80%; P = 4.6 × 10–3) and HER2-positive Non-CNS M (7.87%; P = 4.8 × 10–3). CONCLUSION The most common structural rearrangements involve CDK12 with the higher prevalence in HER2-positive BCBMs. These data support more detailed investigation of the role and importance of CDK12 rearrangements in BCBMs.
Nonpronuclear- and Monopronuclear-derived Blastocysts Do Not Impair Subsequent Perinatal and Maternal Outcomes
Authors: Xu Qiuyu , Mao Xiaoyan , Zhang Jie , Wu Ling 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Context
The routine clinical practice is to prioritize the transfer of blastocysts derived from 2 pronuclei (2PN) embryos if they are available. For women who only have blastocysts resulting from nonpronuclear (0PN) and monopronuclear (1PN) embryos, whether to transfer these embryos or discard them has been an ongoing debate over the years.

Objective
To investigate the perinatal and obstetric outcomes following the transfer of vitrified-warmed single blastocysts derived from 0PN and 1PN zygotes.

Design
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting
University-affiliated in vitro fertilization center.

Patient(s)
This study included singletons born to women who had undergone 0PN and 1PN vitrified-warmed single blastocyst transfers, compared to those resulting from 2PN vitrified-warmed single blastocyst transfers from 2012 to 2021.

Interventions
None.

Main outcome measure(s)
Perinatal and obstetric outcomes.

Result(s)
A total of 7284 women were included in the final analysis. Of these, 386, 316, and 6582 cycles resulted from 0PN-, 1PN-, and 2PN-derived blastocysts transfer, respectively. The rates of clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, and live birth were similar across the study cohorts in both unadjusted and adjusted analyses. When comparing the 0PN and 2PN groups, no differences were found in birth outcomes after adjusting for confounders. Similarly, maternal complications and mode of delivery were comparable between these 2 study cohorts. Birth parameters were also similar between the 1PN and 2PN blastocyst groups, except for more male births in the 1PN cohort. Furthermore, a comparison between the 1PN and 2PN groups did not reveal any significant differences in maternal outcomes.

Conclusion
The current study showed that the transfer of 0PN and 1PN blastocysts did not compromise reproductive outcomes or increase maternal and perinatal complications. This information is valuable for clinicians to counsel couples effectively and guide them in making informed decisions.
Tracking the Global Burden of Neural Tube Defects and Assessing Disparities Across World Health Organization Regions: A Scoping Literature Review
Authors: Chauhan Daksh , Punchak Maria , Gutbrod Joseph , Moorthy Gyan , Thach Bethany , Rosseau Gail 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are an important cause of global morbidity worldwide. Well-planned global neurosurgery and public health efforts can aid vulnerable communities, but there is a need to elucidate the global burden of NTDs and identify regions without available data to better target interventions.

METHODS:
A scoping review to quantify worldwide NTD prevalence using the PubMed/Medline and birth defects surveillance registries was conducted. Data published after January 1, 1990, encompassing prevalence values of at least the 2 most prevalent NTDs—spina bifida and encephalocele—were abstracted. Average NTD prevalence rates were aggregated by World Health Organization (WHO) region and World Bank classification, and differences were determined using the analysis of variance test. Differences in availability of nationally representative data by WHO region and World Bank classification were determined using χ2 tests.

RESULTS:
This review captured 140 studies from a total of 93 of 194 WHO member countries. The percentage of countries within a geographic region with available NTD prevalence data was highest in the Eastern Mediterranean (EMR) (85.7%) and lowest in Africa (AFR) (31.3%). The NTD prevalence range was 0.9-269.6 per 10 000 births. Statistically significant differences in reported NTD prevalence rates existed by WHO Region (P = .00027) and World Bank income level of study country (P = .00193). Forty countries (43%) had conducted national-level studies assessing NTD prevalence. There was a statistically significant difference in the availability of nationally representative prevalence data depending on the WHO region (P = .0081) and World Bank classification of study country (P = .0017).

CONCLUSION:
There is a gap in availability of NTD prevalence data worldwide, with many WHO member states lacking national-level NTD prevalence estimates. These findings highlight the need for greater NTD surveillance efforts to identify the countries with the greatest need for targeted global intervention.
TANGO2 deficiency disorder is predominantly caused by a lipid imbalance
Authors: Sacher Michael , DeLoriea Jay , Mehranfar Mahsa , Casey Cody , Naaz Aaliya , Mackenzie Samuel J. , Gamberi Chiara 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
TANGO2 deficiency disorder (TDD) is a rare genetic disorder estimated to affect ∼8000 individuals worldwide. It causes neurodegeneration often accompanied by potentially lethal metabolic crises that are triggered by diet or illness. Recent work has demonstrated distinct lipid imbalances in multiple model systems either depleted for or devoid of the TANGO2 protein, including human cells, fruit flies and zebrafish. Importantly, vitamin B5 supplementation has been shown to rescue TANGO2 deficiency-associated defects in flies and human cells. The notion that vitamin B5 is needed for synthesis of the lipid precursor coenzyme A (CoA) corroborates the hypothesis that key aspects of TDD pathology may be caused by lipid imbalance. A natural history study of 73 individuals with TDD reported that either multivitamin or vitamin B complex supplementation prevented the metabolic crises, suggesting this as a potentially life-saving treatment. Although recently published work supports this notion, much remains unknown about TANGO2 function, the pathological mechanism of TDD and the possible downsides of sustained vitamin supplementation in children and young adults. In this Perspective, we discuss these recent findings and highlight areas for immediate scientific attention.
DMM Outstanding Paper Prize 2023 winners: Lídia Faria, Ffion R. Hammond and Amy Lewis
Authors: Hackett Rachel 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Disease Models & Mechanisms (DMM) is delighted to announce that the winners of the DMM Outstanding Paper Prize 2023 are Lídia Faria for their Research Article (titled ‘Activation of an actin signaling pathway in pre-malignant mammary epithelial cells by P-cadherin is essential for transformation’), and Ffion R. Hammond and Amy Lewis for their Resource Article (titled ‘An arginase 2 promoter transgenic line illuminates immune cell polarisation in zebrafish’). The two prizes of £1000 are awarded to the first author(s) of the papers that are judged by the journal's Editors to be the most outstanding contribution to the journal that year.
Estimating Career Benefits from Online Community Leadership: Evidence from Stack Exchange Moderators
Authors: Forderer Jens , Burtch Gordon 
Published: June 2024

Many IT professionals seek to improve their job prospects by engaging as leaders of online communities, for example, by serving as a moderator or admin. We investigate whether such community leadership leads to (causal) improvements in individuals’ careers. We assemble a data set, including job histories of IT professionals who have sought election as moderators (mods) in Stack Exchange question-and-answer communities, between 2010 and 2020. We estimate the career benefits of moderatorship under two complementary identification strategies: difference-in-differences (DID) and regression discontinuity (RD). We observe qualitatively consistent results under each design, finding that election to a moderator role has a significant, causal, positive effect on job mobility. We estimate that moderatorship increases the probability of a job change by between 4.7 and 12.3 percentage points over the two years following the election. We also report a series of secondary analyses that speak to associated salary increases and show evidence consistent with the notion that social capital and signaling play a role. Our findings help us understand the benefits of online community leadership, and they extend our understanding of the motivations for online community engagement. This paper was accepted by Chris Forman, information systems. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2019.03252 .
Do Firms Proactively Build Internal Markets for Redeployment? Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Authors: Sohl Timo , Folta Timothy B. 
Published: June 2024

The topic of related diversification is of fundamental interest to corporate strategy research. However, the understanding of how the potential for resource redeployment might encourage related diversification is limited. This paper explores the impact of the 2006 German real estate transfer tax (RETT) reform, which led to higher RETT rates but retained the exemption from RETT for corporate restructurings. We propose that firms might have reacted strategically to the threat of higher transfer taxes by combining related businesses into a portfolio, providing an efficient internal market for reallocating property assets in the event of business-specific shocks. Consistent with a dynamic perspective on relatedness, difference-in-differences analyses of the European retail market show that the probability of related diversification increased significantly for firms that were affected by the reform, relative to control firms. This finding contributes to the literature that links firm boundary choices to intertemporal economies of scope and offers new insights into the real effects of transfer tax policies. This paper was accepted by Alfonso Gambardella, business strategy. Funding: This work was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades [Grant PID2020-115660GB-I00]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.02396 .