bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remineralization and acid resistance of enamel lesions after chewing gum containing fluoride extracted from green tea
Authors: Suyama E , Tamura T , Ozawa T , Suzuki A , Iijima Y , Saito T 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackground:  The aim of this study was to evaluate enamel remineralization and the acquisition of acid resistance by using sugar‐free chewing gum containing fluoride extracted from green tea.Methods:  Forty‐five volunteers participated in a crossover, double‐blind study and wore intraoral appliances with human demineralized enamel. Subjects chewed fluoride chewing gum (FCG: 50 μg fluoride) or placebo gum. Remineralization and acid resistance were evaluated using the mineral change value (ΔZ, in vol%·μm). Fluoride concentrations in saliva and remineralized enamel were analysed.Results:  The peak salivary fluoride concentration was 3.93 ± 1.28 ppm (mean ± SD). The elevated salivary fluoride concentration resulted in a higher fluoride concentration of 656 ± 95 ppm in the remineralized region versus 159 ± 26 ppm for placebo gum (p < 0.001). After remineralization, the ΔZ of the FCG group was higher than that of the placebo gum group. After an acid challenge, ΔZ of the FCG group was lower than the placebo gum group. Both ΔZ were statistically significant.Conclusions:  FCG produced a superior level of remineralization and acid resistance, as compared to the placebo gum. The in situ results suggest that regular use of FCG is useful for preventing dental caries.
Service‐users’ experiences of an early intervention in psychosis service: An interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Harris Katy , Collinson Christine , das Nair Roshan 
Published: October 2011

Objectives. Previous research regarding Early Intervention in Psychosis (EIP) services has mainly adopted quantitative methodologies, in order to study the effectiveness of EIP services. Research studies that have explored service‐users’ experiences of EIP services are small in number. This research aimed to explore service‐users’ experiences of being in contact with an EIP service, its impact of their experience of psychosis and current life situation.Design. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to conduct an in‐depth qualitative study of a small sample of EIP service‐users, in order to explore their experiences of being in contact with the service.Method. Flexibly guided interviews were conducted with eight service‐users who had been receiving a service from an EIP team for more than 2 years and were recruited using a purposive sampling method. Verbatim interview transcripts were analysed using IPA.Results. Five super‐ordinate themes, developed from the analysis, are discussed in sections: Stigma, Relationships, Understanding the experiences, Sense of agency, and Impact on sense of self. Sub‐themes of these super‐ordinate themes are also discussed.Conclusions. The themes developed from the analysis were envisioned as representing an overarching theme of ‘A personal journey of recovery’, which was influenced by participants’ involvement with the EIP service. Clinical implications include the need for EIP services, as with other mental health services, to find ways to promote recovery and create opportunities for agency and control. Future research directions are also discussed.
OPEN INNOVATION NETWORKS: THE ROLE OF INNOVATIVE MARKETPLACES FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES' VALUE CREATION
Authors: NDOU VALENTINA , VECCHIO PASQUALE DEL , SCHINA LAURA 
Published: October 2011

The article is focused on the explanation of the benefits of an open innovation approach in order to drive small and medium enterprises within the actual dynamic environment. In particular, the article gives evidence of the capability of the new paradigm in enabling innovative patterns of growth and development, especially for the small segment, not able to overpass a lot of constraints for achieving high performance by itself. We argue that firms' innovation can be carried out through open innovation platforms, in which they will grasp the most important benefits and opportunities in order to catch the value creation.
We E. Zamyatin, or the integrity of the mystery
Authors: Piskunov S. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis essay attempts to analize Zamiatin's We as an aesthetic whole in which, pace Yuri Tynianov, antiutopia is organically combined with “a fantastic adventure novel.” With this aim in mind We is read not only in its literary context but also in a historical-poetologic perspective, ranging from Hellenistic love/adventure novels to Andrei Belyi's Silver Dove. Following in Belyi's footsteps, Zamiatin develops a Dionysian theme according to the interpretation proposed by Viacheslav Ivanov's interpretation (his conception of the divine unity of existence), making the myth of Dionysus the subject of an aesthetic experiment in the tradition of Mennipian satire. The author of We, to what extent the protagonist-narrator can be associated with his creator, is concerned with the fate of “the whole” not less than with the fate of individual. He is confronted with an unresolved conflict in terms of atheistic consciousness, bearing not only personal and socio-political consequences, but ontological as well.
Russian myth and the Communist Utopia (novel M N in the context of creativity Zamyatin)
Authors: Shaitanov I.O. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn Russia after 'Perestroika' Zamiatin's We was often published in collections with Huxley and Orwell's novels, all of them banned in the Soviet period and generically related as anti-utopian. Though thus situated in the broad context of world literature, We remains unexplained in Russian literary tradition where Zamiatin's work belongs to the line of Gogol, Leskov, Remizov, i.e. those prose writers who were steeped in the Russian myth and whose verbal richness and variety of colloquial tone called forth a special critical term – skaz. How could it be that one of them wrote a novel about the future separated from Russian roots and in a language unified to the point of obliteration? In his earlier stories Zamiatin explored traditional life as he knew it from his own experience (A Provincial Tale, A Godforsaken Hole); even then he preferred not to describe but to distort reality, to make it speak up for itself. In Alatyr' Zamiatin made a decisive step towards a new manner when he challenged the Russian myth with a utopian dream of the bright and universally happy future. We came out as another experiment in mass consciousness, but this time inspired by the writer's response to the new revolutionary reality.
A Typescript of We
Authors: Cooke Brett 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA document found in an Albany archive appears to be a typescript of We executed at least partly by Zamiatin; indeed, brief passages are written in his hand. More a fair copy than a draft of the text, this carbon copy provides some variant readings to the Chekhov edition, heretofore the sole commonly accepted version. Most, albeit not all, variant passages indicate a closer relationship with Gregory Zilboorg's English translation, the first publication of the novel - for which it might have provided the basis - than the posthumous Chekhov edition. It also provides a slightly fuller and in some respects corrected version of We.
Second Thoughts on the End of Utopia? Zamiatin's Film Scenario, “D-503”
Authors: Cooke Brett 
Published: October 2011

AbstractReadings of the denouement of We differ sharply, with important consequences regarding the fate of utopian social construction. Many readers claim that the Single State crushes the MEPHI revolt. Others come to precisely the opposite conclusion. A third group argues that the battle is undecided. The film scenario Zamiatin developed and translated subsequent to his 1931 exile indicates the author opted for the second verdict, one indicating the fall of the regime. Written at least a decade after the novel, the Russian language scenario and its two English translations – published here – may only reflect his later opinions on the heretofore ambiguous ending of his novel.
On the History of the Novel We, 1937–1952: Zamiatin's We and the Chekhov Publishing House
Authors: Nakano Yukio 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWhen Zamiatin died in 1937, his novel We remained unpublished in Russian, although it was available in several languages. Eventually, it was published in its original language by the Chekhov Publishing House in 1952. So, what manuscript was the basis for the Chekhov Publishing House edition of We? At the death of Zamiatin, his widow, Liudmila Zamiatina had two galley proofs. When Mikhail Kaprpovich, editor-in-chief of New Journal, had an interest in publishing the novel in 1949, Liudmila sent the galley prood to Gleb Struve for the publication in New Journal. And, according to the correspondence of Gleb Struve and Vera Aleksandrova, editor-in-chief of the Chekhov Publishing House, she received this galley proof from Mikhail Karpovich. Very likely, The Chekhov Publishing House edition of We was based on this galley proof. Meanwhile, the Chekhov Publishing House was a branch of the East European Fund subsidized by the Ford Foundation. And the East European Fund assisted the Community Integration Program's efforts to help the refugees from Soviet Bloc nations to get settled in the United States and supported research programs on the U.S.S.R. This fact reminds us of the case of Animal Farm. As Orwell mentioned in 1948, the American authorities seized about half the copies of his book Animal Farm in Ukrainian edition and handed them over to the Soviet repatriation camp. A Ukrainian translation of Animal Farm was made by the D.P. historian, Ihor Ševčenko and distributed to Ukrainian readers in the camps.
Commons to Capital
Authors: Mullick Samar Basu 
Published: October 2011

The tribal and ecological history of India has been the history of forced transformation of the natural commons into private property engineered under both the colonial and post colonial state policy. In the following period of structural adjustment programme during and after the 1990s the state has opened the public domain for privatisation by the trans–national corporations and Indian small and large companies. Natural commons is being treated as capital. For the indigenous peoples, privatisation of natural commons is not only loss of livelihood but the disintegration of their communal life, their egalitarian culture and bio–centric world outlook. Disintegration of natural commons also leads to shrinking of knowledge commons, the knowledge of taming the animal kingdom, the medicinal values of vegetation and the climate. For the women in the forest–based society natural commons has been the storehouse of their natural and ritual knowledge, a bastion of their economy and, more importantly, a source of their power and status. Loss of commons leads to the growth of patriarchy. Disappearing commons prompts the community to internalise the dominant notion of privatisation of livelihood resources leading to the disintegration of many a traditional institution that strengthens the commons and the communal mode of production. The destruction of the old commons of natural resources and communal labour is bringing forth a new commons of labour market and natural resource bank for capital to exploit and rich to enjoy while the commoners suffer.
One-step Solid-state Reaction for the Synthesis of Hexagonal or Rhombohedral Boron Nitride Nanoplates in Autoclaves
Authors: Wang Tingting , Ju Zhicheng , Sun Changhui , Qian Yitai 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Crystalline hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) hexagonal nanoplates were synthesized by the reaction of B2O3, NH4F, and metallic Na at 700 °C. The edge sizes of the hexagonal nanoplates are 400 nm, and the average thickness is 100 nm. As the reaction temperature was set at 500 °C, rhombohedral boron nitride (r-BN) triangular nanoplates nearly 200 nm across and about 20 nm thick were obtained. TGA analysis results reveal that thermal stability of h-BN hexagonal nanoplates was better than that of r-BN triangular nanoplates in air.
Synthesis and Conducting Properties of a New Mixed-valence Cu(I)–Cu(II) 1-D Coordination Polymer Bridged by Morpholine Dithiocarbamate
Authors: Kim Kyung Ho , Ueta Takashi , Okubo Takashi , Hayami Shinya , Anma Haruho , Kato Kazuya , Shimizu Tetsuya , Fujimori Jyunji , Maekawa Masahiko , Kuroda-Sowa Takayoshi 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
A novel mixed-valence Cu(I)–Cu(II) coordination polymer with an infinite one-dimensional (1-D) structure, [CuI4CuIII4(Mor-dtc)2(CH3CN)2]n (Mor-dtc−: morpholine dithiocarbamate), was prepared and structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction. This complex consists of a mononuclear copper(II) unit of [CuII(Mor-dtc)2] and a tetranuclear Cu(I) unit of [Cu4I4(CH3CN)2]. It also shows semiconductive behaviors with a relatively small activation energy, which was revealed by impedance analysis.
Diffusion Coefficients of Arsenate and Arsenite in Water at Various pH
Authors: Takahashi Yoshio , Sakamitsu Mika , Tanaka Masato 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Diffusion coefficients (D) of arsenite and arsenate at various pH, or degrees of dissociation, were reported by diffusion cell, some values of which are newly reported in this letter. Systematic decrease of D depending on the dissociation of arsenite and arsenate shows that D is closely related to the size of the hydrated ions.
N-Heterocyclic Carbene-catalyzed Difluorocarbene Generation and its Application to Aryl Difluoromethyl Ether Synthesis
Authors: Fuchibe Kohei , Koseki Yuta , Sasagawa Hisashi , Ichikawa Junji 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
NHC-catalyzed generation of difluorocarbene from trimethylsilyl 2,2-difluoro-2-(fluorosulfonyl)acetate (TFDA) enables the synthesis of enol difluoromethyl ethers starting from cyclohexenones and tetralones. The resultant enol difluoromethyl ethers were successively dehydrogenated with DDQ to furnish aryl difluoromethyl ethers in good to high yield.
The non-operative functional management of patients with a rupture of the tendo Achillis leads to low rates of re-rupture
Authors: Wallace R. G. H. , Heyes G. J. , Michael A. L. R. 
Published: October 2011

Controversy surrounds the most appropriate treatment method for patients with a rupture of the tendo Achillis. The aim of this study was to assess the long term rate of re-rupture following management with a non-operative functional protocol. We report the outcome of 945 consecutive patients (949 tendons) diagnosed with a rupture of the tendo Achillis managed between 1996 and 2008. There were 255 female and 690 male patients with a mean age of 48.97 years (12 to 86). Delayed presentation was defined as establishing the diagnosis and commencing treatment more than two weeks after injury. The overall rate of re-rupture was 2.8% (27 re-ruptures), with a rate of 2.9% (25 re-ruptures) for those with an acute presentation and 2.7% (two re-ruptures) for those with delayed presentation. This study of non-operative functional management of rupture of the tendo Achillis is the largest of its kind in the literature. Our rates of re-rupture are similar to, or better than, those published for operative treatment. We recommend our regime for patients of all ages and sporting demands, but it is essential that they adhere to the protocol.
Long-term bisphosphonate usage and subtrochanteric insufficiency fractures
Authors: Yoon R. S. , Hwang J. S. , Beebe K. S. 
Published: October 2011

For over a decade, bisphosphonate administration has evolved and become the cornerstone of the prevention and treatment of fragility fractures. Millions of post-menopausal women have relied on, and continue to depend on, the long-acting, bone density-maintaining pharmaceutical drug to prevent low-energy fractures. In return, we have seen the number of fragility fractures decrease, along with associated costs and emotional benefits. However, with any drug, there are often concerns with side effects and complications, and this unique drug class is seeing one such complication in atypical subtrochanteric femoral fracture, counterproductive to that which it was designed to prevent. This has created concern over long-term bisphosphonate administration and its potential link to these atypical fractures. There is controversial evidence surrounding such a definitive link, and no protocol for managing these fractures.This review offers the latest information regarding this rare but increasingly controversial adverse effect and its potential connection to one of the most successful forms of treatment that is available for the management of fragility fractures.
The patho-anatomy of patellofemoral subluxation
Authors: Monk A. P. , Doll H. A. , Gibbons C. L. M. H. , Ostlere S. , Beard D. J. , Gill H. S. , Murray D. W. 
Published: October 2011

Patella subluxation assessed on dynamic MRI has previously been shown to be associated with anterior knee pain. In this MRI study of 60 patients we investigated the relationship between subluxation and multiple bony, cartilaginous and soft-tissue factors that might predispose to subluxation using discriminant function analysis. Patella engagement (% of patella cartilage overlapping with trochlea cartilage) had the strongest relationship with subluxation. Patellae with > 30% engagement tended not to sublux; those with < 30% tended to sublux. Other factors that were associated with subluxation included the tibial tubercle-trochlea notch distance, vastus medialis obliquus distance from patella, patella alta, and the bony and cartilaginous sulcus angles in the superior part of the trochlea. No relationship was found between subluxation and sulcus angles for cartilage and bone in the middle and lower part of the trochlea, cartilage thicknesses and Wiberg classification of the patella. This study indicates that patella engagement is a key factor associated with patellar subluxation. This suggests that in patients with anterior knee pain with subluxation, resistant to conservative management, surgery directed towards improving patella engagement should be considered. A clinical trial is necessary to test this hypothesis.
Treatment of frozen shoulder by manipulation under anaesthetic and injection
Authors: Thomas W. J. C. , Jenkins E. F. , Owen J. M. , Sangster M. J. , Kirubanandan R. , Beynon C. , Woods D. A. 
Published: October 2011

The effect of timing of a manipulation under anaesthetic (MUA) and injection of corticosteroid and local anaesthetic for the treatment of frozen shoulder has attracted little attention to date. All studies describe a period of conservative treatment before proceeding to an MUA. Delay has been associated with a poorer outcome. We present a retrospective review of a prospectively collected, single-surgeon, consecutive series of 246 patients with a primary frozen shoulder treated by MUA within four weeks of presentation. The mean duration of presenting symptoms was 28 weeks (6 to 156), and time to initial post-operative assessment was 26 days (5 to 126). The Oxford shoulder score (OSS) improved by a mean of 16 points (Wilcoxon signed-ranks test, p < 0.001) with a mean OSS at this time of 43 (7 to 48). Linear regression analysis showed no correlation between the duration of presenting symptoms and OSS at initial follow-up (R2 < 0.001) or peri-operative change in OSS (R2 < 0.001) or OSS at long-term follow-up (R2 < 0.03). Further analysis at a mean of 42 months (8 to 127) revealed a sustained improvement with a mean OSS of 44 (16 to 48). A good outcome follows an MUA and injection of corticosteroid and local anaesthetic in patients with primary frozen shoulder, independent of the duration of the presenting symptoms, and this improvement is maintained in the long term.
Complications Associated with Intravenous Midazolam Sedation in Anxious Dental Patients
Authors: Wilson Katherine E , Thorpe Rebecca J , McCabe John F , Girdler Nicholas M 
Published: October 2011

Aim This prospective study was designed to establish the nature, frequency and sequelae of complications arising in patients receiving dental treatment under intravenous midazolam sedation. Methods All patients attending the Sedation Department at Newcastle Dental Hospital for intravenous sedation over a six-month period were audited. A standardised data-collection pro forma was designed in order to collect data relating to the patient, the sedation episode, the dental treatment and any complications arising. The published standard used in this study states that the incidence of complications should be no more than 8%. Results Four hundred and one patients were included. The mean dose of midazolam administered was 7.6 mg with a mean titration rate of 0.9 mg/min. Complications were reported in 12 patients (3%), 11 of which were minor and one moderate. All complications were managed successfully within the department with no lasting sequelae. Treatment was completed in 382 (95.7%) patients, with failure to complete treatment in 17 (4.3%) patients due to disinhibition (1), poor cooperation (10), and the sedation wearing off (6). Conclusion The standard was met because complications arising were infrequent (3%) and predominantly minor in nature. Complications were managed conservatively and effectively, with all patients being discharged home the same day with no lasting sequelae. The study demonstrates that intravenous midazolam provides a safe sedation technique, suitable for adult dental patients in primary care, when administered by trained personnel on carefully selected patients and in accordance with nationally agreed protocols and guidelines.
Application of ECLs and Today’s Legislation
Authors: Laemmle Patrick , Rohrbach Peter 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Environmentally considerate lubricants (ECLs)—the so called “bio oils”—were introduced in the mid 80s to minimize impact of lubrication on the environment. In the early 1990s the German RAL (Blue Angel) and the Swedish Standard organisations defined corresponding specifications for ECLs, other Eco-Labels followed. In 2005 the European Community released the directive 2005/360 defining the toxicity and ecotoxicity profile for ECLs, which qualifies them for the Euro-Marguerite. For more than 20 years top tier ECLs were used in mobile and stationary hydraulic equipment. Well documented field experiences not only demonstrate these lubricants contribute to the fulfillment of the new laws but also meet technical requirements for this equipment. In this paper important EC Directives related to lubricants and the protection of the environment are discussed and how they are implemented into national laws. In addition the benefits of ECL in hydraulic equipment are addressed.