bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time course of lesion development in the hairless guinea‐pig model of sulfur mustard‐induced dermal injury
Authors: Benson Janet M. , Seagrave JeanClare , Weber Waylon M. , Santistevan Colleen D. , Grotendorst Gary R. , Schultz Gregory S. , March Thomas H. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThe objective of these studies was to provide detailed analyses of the time course of sulfur mustard (SM) vapor‐induced clinical, histological, and biochemical changes following cutaneous exposure in hairless guinea‐pigs. Three 6 cm2 sites on the backs of each guinea‐pig were exposed to SM vapor (314 mg3) for 6 minutes (low dose) or 12 minutes (high dose). Animals were killed at 6, 24, and 48 hours, or 2 weeks postexposure. Erythema, edema, histopathology, and analysis of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 and ‐9 content were evaluated. Erythema was observed by 6 hours, and edema by 24 hours postexposure. Vapor exposure caused epidermal necrosis with varying degrees of dermatitis, ulceration, hemorrhage, and separation of the dermis from the epidermis. Later changes included epidermal regeneration with hyperplasia and formation of granulation tissue in the dermis with loss of hair follicles and glandular structures. Relative amounts of pro and active MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 were significantly increased in the high‐dose SM group at 2 weeks. Erythema, edema, and histologic changes are consistent with findings among human victims of SM attack. This model, with observations to 2 weeks, will be useful in assessing the efficacy of countermeasures against SM.
Clinical Characteristics, Pharmacotherapy, and Healthcare Resource Use among Patients with Diabetic Neuropathy Newly Prescribed Pregabalin or Gabapentin
Authors: Gore Mugdha , Tai Kei‐Sing , Zlateva Gergana , Bala Chandran Arthi , Leslie Douglas 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjective:  To characterize comorbidities, pain‐related pharmacotherapy, and healthcare resource use among patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (pDPN) newly prescribed pregabalin or gabapentin in clinical practice.Methods:  Using the LifeLink™ Health Plan Claims Database, patients with pDPN (ICD‐9‐CM codes 357.2 or 250.6) newly prescribed (index event) gabapentin (n = 1,178; 56.9 ± 10.3 years old) were identified and propensity score‐matched with patients initiated on pregabalin (n = 1,178; 56.4 ± 9.8 years old). Comorbidities, pain‐related pharmacotherapy, and healthcare resource use/costs were examined during the 12‐month pre‐index and follow‐up periods.Results:  Both cohorts were characterized by multiple comorbidities and substantial use of pain‐related and adjunctive medications. In the pregabalin cohort, the use of tricyclic antidepressants significantly decreased (16.0% vs. 13.2%) and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (30.8% vs. 34.8%), muscle relaxants (19.2% vs. 22.9%), anticonvulsants (14.4% vs. 18.1%), benzodiazepines (22.3% vs. 25.0%), and topical agents (7.0% vs. 9.8%) increased (P < 0.05) in the follow‐up period. In the gabapentin cohort, there were significant increases (P < 0.05) in the use of short‐acting (55.4% vs. 61.2%) and long‐acting (9.4% to 12.8%) opioids, serotonin–norepinephrine re‐uptake inhibitors (14.2% vs. 16.7%), anticonvulsants (7.1% vs. 19.2%), benzodiazepines (19.1% vs. 24.3%), sedative/hypnotics (14.9% vs. 18.0%), and tramadol (13.3% vs. 16.8%). There were significant increases (P < 0.05) in pharmacy, outpatient, and total costs in both cohorts and in costs of physician office visits in the gabapentin cohort. There was no difference in postindex median total costs between the pregabalin and gabapentin cohorts ($16,137 vs. $15,766).Conclusions:  Patients with pDPN prescribed pregabalin and gabapentin had a substantial comorbidity and pain medication burden. Although healthcare costs increased in both groups, the increase in pain medication burden was higher in the gabapentin group. Direct medical costs were similar for both groups. Given the human and economic burden of pDPN, future research may benefit from a focus on efficacy parameters to further differentiate treatment options.
Lipid peroxidation in all‐in‐one admixtures for preterm neonates: impact of amount of lipid, type of lipid emulsion and delivery condition
Authors: Jalabert Anne , Grand Anaïs , Steghens Jean‐Paul , Barbotte Eric , Pigue Christelle , Picaud Jean‐Charles 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAim:  To evaluate the effect of lipid emulsion composition and delivery condition on lipid peroxidation in typical all‐in‐one parenteral admixtures for preterm neonates.Methods:  Malonedialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were assessed in different all‐in‐one admixtures. We evaluated the effects of fat blend (three lipid emulsions) and the amount of lipids, as well as the effects of protecting bags and/or tubing from ambient light and storage for 72 h. MDA was measured by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.Results:  Three hundred and sixty samples were collected from 114 admixtures. Neither the type of lipid (p = 0.43) nor the interaction between light and type of lipid (p = 0.49) had any influence on final MDA concentrations, but the increase in MDA concentration at 24 h (T24) was related to light exposure (p < 0.001). The increase in MDA concentration was related to the increase in lipid amount in the admixture at T0 (r = 0.77) and T24 (r = 0.86). MDA concentrations in solutions stored for 72 h showed no significant increase, with no difference between the three lipid emulsions (p = 0.69).Conclusion:  All‐in‐one admixtures may be interesting for the parenteral nutrition of preterm neonates. Protection from light and restricting the amount of lipid to what is required for appropriate energy provision are essential to limit lipid peroxidation.
Associations between vitamin D status in infants and blood lipids, body mass index and waist circumference
Authors: Arnberg K , Østergård M , Madsen AL , Krarup H , Michaelsen KF , Mølgaard C 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAim:  To study the relationships between 25‐hydroxyvitamin D status and blood lipids, insulin, glucose, body mass index and waist circumference in infants.Methods:  In a cross‐sectional study, 255 infants aged 9 months with a blood sample for 25‐hydroxyvitamin D were examined. Plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were analysed by chemiluminescent immunoassay. Associations between plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), low‐density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, glucose, body mass index and waist circumference were analysed.Results:  Mean plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D was 77.2 ± 22.7 nM. At the time of examination, 97% received vitamin D supplementation. 25‐Hydroxyvitamin D was negatively associated with HDL (p = 0.003), cholesterol (p = 0.002) and triglycerides (p = 0.010) in multivariate analysis controlled for gender, season, body mass index, length, birth weight and breastfeeding. There were no associations between 25‐hydroxyvitamin D and glucose or insulin (all p > 0.05). 25‐hydroxyvitamin D was negatively associated with body mass index (p = 0.005) and waist circumference (p = 0.002) controlled for gender, season, breastfeeding, birth weight and length.Conclusion:  Vitamin D status is negatively associated with blood lipids, body mass index and waist circumference in infants where nearly all received vitamin D supplements. Whether this has long‐term health effects remains to be elucidated.
Crystal structures of the apo form of β‐fructofuranosidase from Bifidobacterium longum and its complex with fructose
Authors: Bujacz Anna , Jedrzejczak‐Krzepkowska Marzena , Bielecki Stanislaw , Redzynia Izabela , Bujacz Grzegorz 
Published: March 2011

We solved the 1.8 Å crystal structure of β‐fructofuranosidase from Bifidobacterium longum KN29.1 – a unique enzyme that allows these probiotic bacteria to function in the human digestive system. The sequence of β‐fructofuranosidase classifies it as belonging to the glycoside hydrolase family 32 (GH32). GH32 enzymes show a wide range of substrate specificity and different functions in various organisms. All enzymes from this family share a similar fold, containing two domains: an N‐terminal five‐bladed β‐propeller and a C‐terminal β‐sandwich module. The active site is located in the centre of the β‐propeller domain, in the bottom of a ‘funnel’. The binding site, −1, responsible for tight fructose binding, is highly conserved among the GH32 enzymes. Bifidobacterium longum KN29.1 β‐fructofuranosidase has a 35‐residue elongation of the N‐terminus containing a five‐turn α‐helix, which distinguishes it from the other known members of the GH32 family. This new structural element could be one of the functional modifications of the enzyme that allows the bacteria to act in a human digestive system. We also solved the 1.8 Å crystal structure of the β‐fructofuranosidase complex with β‐d‐fructose, a hydrolysis product obtained by soaking apo crystal in raffinose.Database
Coordinates and structure factors have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank under accession codes: 3PIG and 3PIJStructured digital abstract
‐fructofuranosidase
binds to ‐fructofuranosidase by x‐ray crystallography (View interaction)
COMPOSITION AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF THE BRAZILIAN MYRISTICA FRAGRANS HOUTT ESSENTIAL OIL
Authors: VALENTE VÂNIA MARIA MOREIRA , JHAM GULAB NEWANDRAM , DHINGRA ONKAR DEV , GHIVIRIGA ION 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTTwenty‐eight components (corresponding to 94.3% of the total chromatographic peak area) were identified in the crude essential oil (EO) of the Brazilian nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) by Kováts retention indices using gas chromatography and a mass spectral database. Out of these, presence of 11 compounds (corresponding to 87.3% of the total chromatographic peak area) was confirmed by standards. The crude EO at a concentration of 0.1% inhibited radial growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporoides (98%), Colletotrichum musa (97%), Fusarium oxysporum (75%), Fusarium semitectum (78%), Aspergillus niger (71%) and A. glaucus (60%). Growth inhibition increased from 85% to 100% at a concentration of 0.3%. This is the first study in the literature where the chemical composition of fresh nutmeg EO was unequivocally determined along with antifungal activities simultaneously. In addition, a wide antifungal spectrum of nutmeg EO has been described.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSSpices have been used to cure diseases, preserve foods and as condiments since ancient times. Use of essential oils (EOs) from edible plants is an attractive alternative method to control food/feed fungi as they should, in principle, not be toxic to man and could replace toxic synthetic fungicides. Use of nontoxic natural compounds is attributed to growing problems encountered with microbial resistance towards conventional preservation with synthetic fungicides and an increasing demand for minimal processed food along with “green” image policies of food industry. Although the chemical composition of nutmeg EO has been extensively investigated over the past century, its antifungal potential has not been extensively investigated. This study demonstrates the potential of nutmeg EO as antifungal against Colletotrichum gloeosporoides, C. musae, Fusarium oxysporum, F. semitectum, Aspergillus niger and A. glaucus. Further studies are underway to evaluate nutmeg EO as a feed preservative.
EFFICACY OF TRISODIUM PHOSPHATE IN KILLING ACID‐ADAPTED SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM
Authors: ÁLVAREZ‐ORDÓÑEZ AVELINO , FERNÁNDEZ ANA , BERNARDO ANA , LÓPEZ MERCEDES 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThe influence of acid adaptation on Salmonella Typhimurium tolerance to alkaline stress was studied using cells grown in buffered‐brain heart infusion (BHI) (pH 7.0) and BHI acidified up to pH 4.5 with acetic, citric, lactic and hydrochloric acids, and challenged in BHI containing 1.5%, 2.0% or 2.5% trisodium phosphate (TSP; pH 10.0, 10.5, 11.0, respectively) or NaOH at the same pH values. TSP was more effective in killing S. Typhimurium than NaOH (D values at pH 10.0, 10.5 and 11.0 of 28.3, 9.7, 2.77 min and 150.2, 31.5, 5.09 min with TSP and NaOH, respectively). Acid‐adapted cells showed a cross‐protection response to NaOH, with D values around twofold higher than those corresponding to nonacid‐adapted cells. However, they were more sensitive to a TSP treatment. These findings suggest that both alkalinizing compounds damage the cellular membrane in a different extent. A linear relationship between log of D values and treatment pH was found, obtaining zpH values (change in pH required for a 10‐fold reduction of D values) of 0.99 and 0.67 with TSP and NaOH, respectively. A surface response model was developed describing the combined effects of treatment pH and TSP concentration, which could prove useful for the food industry in determining appropriate processing conditions for decontamination purposes.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSChemical decontamination processes are usually applied to reduce the potential pathogens load on food surfaces. This study explores the use of trisodium phosphate (TSP) as a decontamination agent effective in inactivating Salmonella Typhimurium in acidic foods, which represents a great concern for the food industry, health regulatory officials and consumers. A mathematical model has been developed, which enable us to predict the effect of treatment pH and TSP concentration on the inactivation of this pathogenic microorganism which could prove useful for the food industry.
Prevalence and Public Health Significance of Aluminum Residues in Milk and Some Dairy Products
Authors: AI‐Ashmawy Maha A.M. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract:  Sixty random samples of bulk farm milk, market milk, locally manufactured processed cheese, and milk powder were collected to be analyzed for aluminum (Al) concentration using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). The results were compared with provisional acceptable permissible limits (PAPLs). The maximum estimated dietary intake (MEDI) of Al for the examined samples was calculated. In addition, an experimental study was conducted to determine the possible leaching of Al from cookware in milk during boiling. The obtained results showed that Al concentration in examined bulk farm milk samples was found to be negligible. In contrast, market milk revealed higher concentration, 65.0% of the examined samples were above the PAPLs. The results revealed significant difference of Al concentration among them. The Al levels in processed cheese wrapped in Al foil were significantly higher than those found in samples packed in glass containers with a significant difference of Al concentration between them. Also, 20% of the examined milk powder samples exceeded the PAPLs (0.01 to 0.4 mg/kg). The MEDI for Al in bulk farm milk, control market milk, market milk boiled in Al cookware, market milk boiled in stainless‐steel cookware, processed cheese wrapped in Al foil, processed cheese packed in glass containers, and milk powder were calculated as 3.0%, 61.0%, 63.0%, 61.0%, 428.0%, 220.0%, and 166.0% from “PTDI,” respectively. The results of the experimental study showed no marked significant differences of Al concentration between market milk (control group) and those boiled in Al cookware, as well as to those boiled in stainless‐steel cookware.Practical Application:  The results of the present study indicate that Al level in milk kept in Al containers and dairy products packed in Al foil is beyond the permissible limits, suggesting health hazard. Therefore, all milk cans should be constructed of stainless steel, prevent the entrance of tap water into milk, and the processed cheese should be packed in glass containers and not wrapped in Al foil. Leaching of Al increased to a significant percent more during storage than during boiling, so milk should be kept in stainless steel or glass containers in the refrigerator.
Five roles for using theory and evidence in the design and testing of behavior change interventions
Authors: Bartholomew L. Kay , Mullen Patricia Dolan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjective: The prevailing wisdom in the field of health‐related behavior change is that well‐designed and effective interventions are guided by theory.Methods: Using the framework of intervention mapping, we describe and provide examples of how investigators can effectively select and use theory to design, test, and report interventions.Results: We propose five roles for theory and evidence about theories: a) identification of behavior and determinants of behavior related to a specified health problem (i.e., the logic model of the problem); b) explication of a causal model that includes theoretical constructs for producing change in the behavior of interest (i.e., the logic model of change); c) selection of intervention methods and delivery of practical applications to achieve changes in health behavior; d) evaluation of the resulting intervention including theoretical mediating variables; and e) reporting of the active ingredients of the intervention together with the evaluation results.Conclusions: In problem‐driven applied behavioral or social science, researchers use one or multiple theories, empiric evidence, and new research, both to assess a problem and to solve or prevent a problem. Furthermore, the theories for description of the problem may differ from the theories for its solution. In an applied approach, the main focus is on solving problems regarding health behavior change and improvement of health outcomes, and the criteria for success are formulated in terms of the problem rather than the theory. Resulting contributions to theory development may be quite useful, but they are peripheral to the problem‐solving process.
Comparison of random and SSR‐enriched shotgun pyrosequencing for microsatellite discovery and single multiplex PCR optimization inAcacia harpophyllaF. Muell. Ex Benth
Authors: LEPAIS OLIVIER , BACLES CECILE F. E. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractStreamlining the development and genotyping of microsatellites in species for which no genetic information is available represents an important technical challenge to overcome in order to enable mainstream application of state‐of‐the‐art population genetic analysis techniques in nonmodel organisms. Using the example ofAcacia harpophylla,an acacia tree endemic of north‐eastern Australia, we show that high‐throughput shotgun pyrosequencing technology, so‐called second‐generation sequencing, reduces time and cost of microsatellite marker discovery in nonmodel organisms and of their large‐scale typing in natural populations. We found that 0.5% of short sequence reads generated on 454 Genome Sequencer FLX Titanium from random genome sampling and 2.2% of reads generated with prior microsatellite enrichment yielded microsatellite markers with designed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers, suggesting that enrichment increases efficiency of pyrosequencing when microsatellite discovery is the primary goal. Using stringent selection criteria to facilitate downstream PCR multiplex design, we identified 1435 microsatellite loci with designed primers from a total of 200 908 short sequence reads. From a subset of 96 loci tested for amplification, 38 were validated for population genetics applications, leading to the optimization of a cost‐effective multiplex PCR protocol for the simultaneous typing of nine microsatellites in natural populations ofA. harpophylla.
Effects of diphenyl diselenide on lipid profile and hepatic oxidative stress parameters in ovariectomized female rats
Authors: da Rocha Juliana Trevisan , Pinton Simone , Mazzanti Alexandre , Mazzanti Cinthia Melazzo , Beckemann Diego Vilibaldo , Nogueira Cristina Wayne , Zeni Gilson 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Objectives
Ovarian hormone decline after menopause is linked to many pathophysiological reactions. Female rats submitted to ovariectomy are employed as a model of post-menopausal condition. This study investigated the effects of diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)2 on body weight gain, intra-abdominal fat deposition, plasma lipid profile and hepatic oxidative stress in ovariectomized rats.

Methods
Female adult Wistar rats were ovariectomized (OVX rats) or sham-operated and divided into four groups: (i) sham-operated, (ii) (PhSe)2, (iii) OVX and (iv) OVX + (PhSe)2. (PhSe)2 (5 mg/kg; 5 ml/kg, p.o.) was administered once a day for 30 days to groups (ii) and (iv). After that, rats were anaesthetized for blood sample gathering and submitted to euthanasia.

Key findings
(PhSe)2 (5 mg/kg) was effective in preventing the rise in body weight gain and intra-abdominal fat deposition induced in OVX rats. Although (PhSe)2 was not effective in avoiding the increase in plasma total cholesterol and non-HDL levels induced in OVX rats, (PhSe)2 reduced plasma triglycerides and augmented HDL levels in OVX rats. (PhSe)2 also increased hepatic ascorbic acid levels, reduced glutathione content, glutathione S-transferase activity and restored catalase activity in liver of OVX rats.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that (PhSe)2 could be a promising alternative to minimize menopause related symptoms.
Exceptional sequences of invertible sheaves on rational surfaces
Authors: Hille Lutz , Perling Markus 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn this article we consider exceptional sequences of invertible sheaves on smooth complete rational surfaces. We show that to every such sequence one can associate a smooth complete toric surface in a canonical way. We use this structural result to prove various theorems on exceptional and strongly exceptional sequences of invertible sheaves on rational surfaces. We construct full strongly exceptional sequences for a large class of rational surfaces. For the case of toric surfaces we give a complete classification of full strongly exceptional sequences of invertible sheaves.
North Atlantic spreading axes terminate in the continental cul-de-sacs of Baffin Bay and the Laptev Sea
Authors: Pulvertaft T. Christopher R. , Dawes Peter R. 
Published: March 2011

In conventional plate-tectonic models, an independent Greenland plate is supposed to have drifted in the Paleogene along a transform fault through Nares Strait that links the two branches of the North Atlantic spreading system. However, this postulated structure — widely known as the Wegener Fault — cannot be detected by any means in the southern part of the strait. The mapped geology flanking this part of the strait is identical, with no evidence whatsoever of any strike-slip displacement or compressional deformation, and geophysical data provide no support for the existence of such tectonism offshore. We analyse the serious drawback of having a major transform located within a Precambrian crustal block stable since the Paleozoic and emphasize that the extinct Labrador – Baffin Bay spreading axis is but a mirror image of the active North Atlantic – Gakkel Ridge that terminates in a continental cul-de-sac in the Laptev Sea. We conclude that, in the Baffin Bay – Nares Strait region, there is only one plate (North American) and that the extension required to absorb Labrador – Baffin Bay spreading is to be found in structures within the Canadian Arctic Islands.