bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Selective Critical but Constructive Desktop Appraisal of theAmerican Medical Association Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA 6)
Authors: Bellamy Nicholas , Campbell Jane 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis desktop review has been conducted, from the reviewers' perspective, to evaluate the merits, advantages and disadvantages of adopting the 6th edition of theAmerican Medical Association (AMA6) Guides for the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment.The reviewers do not make any recommendation as to whetherAMA6should or should not be adopted by any particular jurisdiction, but rather provide comment from the perspective of a critical but constructive appraisal of published material. The observations reported represent the opinions of the reviewers, based on their appraisal of selected sections ofAMA4,AMA5andAMA6and the associated literature.AMA6has become surrounded by considerable controversy. At the time of review, at least two jurisdictions in the United States have voted against adoption ofAMA6. While the paradigm shift away from the World Health Organization (WHO) International Classification of Impairment, Disability and Handicap (ICIDH) framework to the WHO International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework has attempted to ‘move with the times’, andAMA6has attempted to reach higher levels of internal consistency and interrater and intrarater reliability, the methods used to achieve a radical change in theGuideshas come under criticism. It is quite difficult to distinguish between speculative and substantive criticism, because of paucity or obscurity in both source documents and subsequent commentary. A range of concerns have been identified.
Advancements in anemias related to chronic conditions
Authors: Guidi Gian Cesare , Lechi Santonastaso Clara 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Anemia of chronic disease (ACD), the most frequent anemia among hospitalized patients, occurs in chronic inflammatory disorders, such as chronic infections, cancer and autoimmune diseases. Different causes contribute to ACD including diversion of iron traffic, diminished erythropoiesis, blunted response to erythropoietin, erythrophagocytosis, hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. A particular case of ACD is represented by anemia of chronic kidney disease (CKD). ACD is characterized by hyposideremia and altered iron transport. Cytokines are implicated in the ACD by reducing erythropoiesis and increasing iron sequestration in the reticuloendothelial system. The regulation of iron absorption across the epithelium of the proximal small intestine is essential for maintaining body iron concentrations within a physiologically defined range. Hepcidin controls cellular iron efflux by binding to the iron export protein ferroportin, causing ferroportin to be phosphorylated and degraded in lysosomes. Finally, hepcidin inhibits iron release from the reticulo-endothelial system. Increased expression of hepcidin leads to decreased iron absorption and iron deficient anemia. Hepcidin, therefore, is a negative regulator of iron transport in plasma. Causes of anemia in patients with CKD are multifactorial, but the most well-known cause is inadequate erythropoietin production. In these patients, anemia increases the risk of either cardiovascular disease or renal failure.
Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:1217–26.
The Lerch zeta function I. Zeta integrals
Authors: Lagarias Jeffrey C. , Winnie Li Wen-Ching 
Published: July 2010

Abstract.
This is the first of four papers that study algebraic and
analytic structures associated to the Lerch zeta function.
This paper studies “zeta integrals” associated to the Lerch zeta function
using test functions, and obtains functional equations for them. Special cases include
a pair of symmetrized four-term functional equations
for combinations of Lerch zeta functions,
found by A. Weil, for real parameters

(
a
,
c
)

$(a,c)$
with

0
<
a
,
c
<
1

$0&lt; a, c&lt; 1$
.
It extends these functions to real

a

$a$
and

c

$c$
,
and studies limiting cases of these functions where at least one of

a

$a$
and

c

$c$

take the values 0 or 1. A main feature is that
as a function of three variables

(
s
,
a
,
c
)

$(s, a, c)$
, in which

a

$a$
and

c

$c$
are real,
the Lerch zeta function has discontinuities at integer values of

a

$a$
and

c

$c$
. For fixed

s

$s$
,
the function

(
s
,
a
,
c
)

$\zeta (s,a,c)$
is discontinuous on part of the boundary of the
closed unit square in the

(
a
,
c
)

$(a,c)$
-variables, and the
location and nature of these discontinuities depend on
the real part

(
s
)

$\Re (s)$
of

s

$s$
. Analysis of this behavior is used to determine
membership of these functions in

L
p

(

[
0
,
1
]

2

,
d
a

d
c
)

$L^p([0,1]^2, da\,dc)$

for

1

p
<

$1 \le p &lt; \infty $
, as a function of

(
s
)

$\Re (s)$
. The paper also defines
generalized Lerch zeta functions associated to the oscillator representation,
and gives analogous four-term functional equations for them.
Effect of different soils and pH amendments on brown-rot decay activity in a soil block test
Authors: Little Nathan S. , Schultz Tor P. , Nicholas Darrel D. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The soil block test is the most widely employed laboratory method for determination of biocide efficacy in North America. However, surprisingly little is known about the effect of different soil properties and soil amendments on fungal decay. Four soils with different textures and chemical properties were obtained and characterized. These soils, with and without pH amendments, were submitted to one soil block decay study using untreated southern pine wood and two brown-rot fungi. A second study examined the effect of adding water-soluble calcium chloride to soils, or directly to wood, on brown-rot decay. Based on the results of the first study with a limited number of soils, changes in the specified properties of the soil are suggested. Generally, fungal decay was reduced by raising the soil pH for acidic soils by hydrated lime as specified in the standards, or by adding water-soluble acidic calcium chloride to basic soils.
The Euler Series Transformation and the Binomial Identities of Ljunggren, Munarini and Simons
Authors: Boyadzhiev Khristo N. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe point out that the curious identity of Simons follows immediately from Euler's series transformation formula and also from an identity due to Ljunggren. We also mention its relation to Legendre's polynomials. At the end we use the generalized Euler series transformation to obtain two recent binomial identities of Munarini.
Flat Cyclotomic Polynomials of Order Four and Higher
Authors: Kaplan Nathan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this article we prove a result about sets of coefficients of cyclotomic polynomials. We then give corollaries related to flat cyclotomic polynomials and establish the first known infinite family of flat cyclotomic polynomials of order four. We end with some questions related to flat cyclotomic polynomials of order four and five.
Ranking of Materials’ Erosion Resistance and of Erosion Test Methods’ Intensity by the Transient Response Method
Authors: Meged Y. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Modeling of cumulative erosion-time curves by the transient response method is based on the response curve of first-order servo systems to a step input. According to this model, it is possible to accurately model erosion-time curves by means of three parameters: Maximal erosion level, MDEF (MDE denotes mean depth of erosion) (μm), time constant, τ (h), and time lag (h). This method is adequate for ranking of materials by their erosion resistance and ranking of erosion test methods by their intensity. These rankings are performed for five metallic reference materials and seven erosion test methods for 22 erosion tests.
Application of indigenous inorganic sorbents in combination with membrane technology for treatment of radioactive liquid waste from decontamination processes
Authors: Dulama M. , Pavelescu M. , Deneanu N. , Dulama C. N. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The purpose of the work was to improve the process for treatment of liquid radioactive waste containing complexing agents, which are generated during the decontamination operations.
We performed some experiments using simulated waste solutions like secondary waste from the modified CANDEREM process (Canadian Decontamination and Remediation Process) and secondary waste from the modified CANDECON process (Canadian Decontamination Process).
To improve efficiency and economics of the process it was proposed to treat the waste by combining the sorption of radionuclides on natural inorganic sorbents (zeolites) with membrane filtration.
Standard procedures are applied to compare the sorption of radionuclides on different sorbent forms-determination of the ion exchange capacity, construction of sorption isotherms, determination of the distribution coefficients, and kinetics experiments.
To check the influence of converting the sorbents to various cationic forms on their sorption properties, distribution coefficients of 137Cs and 57Co on natural zeolites from local deposits converted to NH4
+, Na+ or H+ forms were determined. The results obtained show that the distribution coefficients of 137Cs on the materials converted to Na+ form are higher than for the remaining forms studied [1].
The parameters of Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich adsorption isotherms have been determined using sorption data. The Dubinin–Radushkevich model shows better correlation between the theoretical and experimental data for 137Cs sorption on natural zeolites from local deposits converted to NH4
+ and H+ forms than Langmuir and Freundlich equations.
Kinetic studies were carried out with various zeolite forms. The sorbents studied are natural zeolites from local deposits (Marsid-Romania).
The batch sorption kinetics has been tested for pseudo-second order reaction. The pseudo-second order model fits the experimental data well for all of the systems studied.
A Pathogenic Relationship Between a Regulator of the Actin Cytoskeleton and Serum Response Factor
Authors: Verdoni Angela M , Schuster Keaton J , Cole Brian S , Ikeda Akihiro , Kao Winston W , Ikeda Sakae 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCell hyperproliferation, inflammation, and angiogenesis are biological processes central to the pathogenesis of corneal disease, as well as other conditions including tumorigenesis and chronic inflammatory disorders. Due to the number of disease conditions that arise as a result of these abnormalities, identifying the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes is critical. The avascular and transparent cornea serves as a good in vivo model to study the pathogenesis of cell hyperproliferation, inflammation, and angiogenesis. Corneal disease 1 (Dstncorn1) mice are homozygous for a spontaneous null allele of the destrin (Dstn) gene, which is also known as actin depolymerizing factor (ADF). These mice exhibit abnormalities in the cornea including epithelial cell hyperproliferation, stromal inflammation, and neovascularization. We previously identified that the transcription factor, serum response factor (SRF) and a number of its target genes are upregulated in the cornea of these mice. In this study, we show that conditional ablation of Srf in the corneal epithelium of a diseased Dstncorn1 cornea results in the rescue of the epithelial cell hyperproliferation, inflammation, and neovascularization phenotypes, delineating an epithelial cell-specific role for SRF in the development of all of these abnormalities. Our study also demonstrates that Dstn is genetically upstream of Srf and defines a new functional role for SRF as the master regulator of a hyperproliferative, inflammatory phenotype accompanied by neovascularization.
Dynamics of a Recurrent Buchnera Mutation That Affects Thermal Tolerance of Pea Aphid Hosts
Authors: Burke Gaelen R , McLaughlin Heather J , Simon Jean-Christophe , Moran Nancy A 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Mutations in maternally transmitted symbionts can affect host fitness. In this study we investigate a mutation in an obligate bacterial symbiont (Buchnera), which has dramatic effects on the heat tolerance of pea aphid hosts (Acyrthosiphon pisum). The heat-sensitive allele arises through a single base deletion in a homopolymer within the promoter of ibpA, which encodes a universal small heat-shock protein. In laboratory cultures reared under cool conditions (20°), the rate of fixation (1.4 × 10−3 substitutions per Buchnera replication) is much higher than the previously estimated mutation rate for single base deletions in homopolymers in the Buchnera genome, implying a strong selective benefit. This mutation recurs in natural populations, but seldom reaches high frequencies, implying that it is only rarely favored by selection. Another potential source of physiological stress in pea aphids is infection by other microorganisms, including facultative bacterial symbionts, which occur in a majority of pea aphids in field populations. Frequency of the heat-sensitive Buchnera allele is negatively correlated with presence of facultative symbionts in both laboratory colonies and field populations, suggesting that these infections impose stress that is ameliorated by ibpA expression. This single base polymorphism in Buchnera has the potential to allow aphid populations to adapt quickly to prevailing conditions.
Production-Data Analysis—Challenges, Pitfalls, Diagnostics
Authors: Ilk D.. , Anderson D.M.. M. , Stotts G.W.J.. W.J. , Mattar L.. , Blasingame T.A.. A. 
Published: July 2010

Summary
The analysis of production data to determine reservoir characteristics, completion effectiveness, and hydrocarbons in place has become very popular in recent years. Although production analysis (PA) for reservoir characterization is approaching the popularity of pressure-transient analysis (PTA), there are few consistent diagnostic methods in practice for the analysis of production data. Many of the diagnostic methods for production-data analysis are little more than observation-based approaches—and some are essentially rules of thumb.
In this work, we provide guidelines for the analysis of production data, as well as identify common pitfalls and challenges. Although PTA and production-data analyses have the same governing theory (and solutions), we must recognize that pressure transient data are acquired as part of a controlled experiment, performed as a specific event [e.g., a pressure-buildup (PBU) test]. In contrast, production data are generally considered to be surveillance/monitoring data—with little control and considerable variance occurring during the acquisition of the production data. We note that since both PA and PTA have the same governing relations, it is possible "in theory" that the same deliverables of PTA can be obtained using PA.
This paper attempts to provide a state-of-the-technology review of current production-data-analysis techniques/tools—particularly tools to diagnose the reservoir model and assess the reservoir condition. The reservoir model is diagnosed mainly by examining the character exhibited by the data [that is the evidence of transient flow (e.g., quarter-slope might indicate a finite-conductivity fracture, or half-slope might indicate radial/pseudoradial flow)]. In addition, one can also assess the reservoir condition by inspecting the character of production data, which can confirm the evidence of boundary-dominated flow such that unit slope may indicate the boundary-dominated-flow regime and, therefore, in-place fluid volume can be estimated.
This work also identifies the challenges and pitfalls of PA—and we try to provide guidance toward best practices and best tools. To complement this mission, we use relevant field examples to address specific issues, and we illustrate the value and function of production-data analysis for a wide range of reservoir types and properties. In this work, we propose the use of a sequence of raw and enhanced data plots for the diagnostic analysis of production data. We strongly believe that a comprehensive and systematic approach for production-data diagnosis has significant importance for the analysis and forecast of production performance.
In-Situ Phase Pressures and Fluid Saturation Dynamics Measured in Waterfloods at Various Wettability Conditions
Authors: Brautaset Amund , Ersland Geir , Graue Arne 
Published: July 2010

SummaryDuring waterfloods of six outcrop chalk core-plug samples prepared at various wettabilities, simultaneous local pressures and in-situ fluid saturations were measured. Using high-spatial-resolution magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI) to image fluid saturations and pressure taps with semipermeable disks to measure individual phase pressures allowed calculations of relative permeabilities and the dynamic capillary pressure curves for the imbibition processes. A second objective was to identify individual-fluid saturation changes caused by spontaneous imbibition and viscous displacement to determine the local recovery mechanism and to calculate local recovery factors and in-situ Amott-Harvey indices. The obtained results contribute to improved description and understanding of multiphase-fluid flow in porous media, including in situ measurements of relative permeabilities, dynamic capillary pressure curves, Amott-Harvey Indices, and local oil-recovery mechanisms.
Vorticity-Based Perpendicular-Bisector Grids for Improved Upscaling of Two-Phase Flow
Authors: Mahani H.. , Evazi M.. 
Published: July 2010

Summary
Highly detailed geological models, which are primary inputs for reservoir simulators, necessitate a reduction in the number of grid-blocks used in the solution of flow equations. However, preparing a coarse-scale model that can mimic the fine-scale behavior is challenging. Cartesian grids suffer from some shortcomings, such as in adaptation with geological and geometrical features and the grid-orientation effect that motivates the use of unstructured grids. Different methods have been used for this purpose, but none is robust enough. This justifies further research.
In this paper, we propose a novel unstructured-grid-generation scheme that uses the vorticity of fluid flow in porous media as the determining parameter for background-grid generation. It entails simulating single-phase flow on the fine grid and obtaining the velocity field and, subsequently, the vorticity map. Vorticity is then used to generate the background grid that plays an essential role in the generation of a desired final coarse grid. At this stage, users need to determine the value of some parameters, such as maximum and minimum spacing, vorticity cutoff, and vorticity-intensity degree. The advancing-front method and Delaunay triangulation are then used to provide the triangular and Voronoi perpendicular-bisector (PEBI) grid. The developed technique, which aims to capture both flow and geologic details, produces grids with higher resolutions at critical vorticity areas, such as around layer boundaries, and with lower resolution where vorticity is negligible, such as in homogeneous regions.
This technique is applied to two channelized and heterogeneous models, and the results are presented. Two-phase-flow simulations are performed on the generated coarse grids, and the results are compared with those of fine-scale grid and uniformly generated coarse grids. The results show a greater accuracy compared with uniformly gridded models.
Analytical Upgridding Method To Preserve Dynamic Flow Behavior
Authors: Hosseini Seyyed Abolfazl , Kelkar Mohan 
Published: July 2010

Summary
A geocellular model contains millions of gridblocks and needs to be upscaled before the model can be used as an input for flow simulation. Available techniques for upgridding vary from simple methods such as proportional fractioning to more complicated methods such as maintaining heterogeneities through variance calculations. All these methods are independent of the flow process for which simulation is going to be used, and are independent of well configuration. We propose a new upgridding method that preserves the pressure profile at the upscaled level.
It is well established that the more complex the flow process, the more detailed the level of heterogeneity needed in the simulation model. In general, ideal upscaling is the process that preserves the "pressure profile" from the fine-scale model under the applicable flow process. In our method, we upgrid the geological model using simple flow equations in porous media. However, it should be remembered that to obtain a better match between fine scale and coarse scale, we also need to use appropriate upscaling of the reservoir properties.
The new method is currently developed for single-phase flow; however, we used it for both single-phase and two-phase flows for 2D and 3D cases. The method differs fundamentally from the other methods that try to preserve heterogeneities. In those methods, gridblocks are combined that have similar velocities (or other properties) by assuming constant pressure drop across the blocks. Instead, we combine the gridblocks that have similar pressure profiles, although to release some of our assumptions such as having constant velocities in gridblocks, we balance our equation with the K2 term. The procedure is analytical and, hence, very efficient, but preserves the pressure profile in the reservoir. The gridblocks (or layers) are combined in a way so that the difference between fine- and coarse-scale pressure profiles is minimized. In addition, we also propose two new criteria that allow us to choose the optimum number of layers more accurately so that a critical level of heterogeneity is preserved. These criteria provide insight into the overall level of heterogeneity in the reservoir and the effectiveness of the layering design.
We compare the results of our method with proportional layering and the King et al. method (King et al. 2006) and show that, for the same number of layers, the proposed method captures the results of the fine-scale model better. We show that the layer merging not only depends on the variation in the permeability between the gridblocks (K2 term), but also on the relative magnitude of the permeability values by combining 1/K2 and K2 terms.
Production Performance of a Constant-Pressure Well in an Orthogonally Fractured Reservoir
Authors: Hagoort Jacques 
Published: July 2010

Summary
We have analyzed the production performance of a constant-pressure well in a naturally fractured reservoir made up of orthogonal matrix blocks. The fractured reservoir is modeled as a doubleporosity reservoir, in which interporosity flow is represented by an exact analytical transient influx function. Three distinct production modes can be recognized: Modes I, II, and III. In Mode I, the reservoir boundary is seen after flow in the matrix blocks has stabilized. In Mode II, this occurs while flow in the matrix blocks is still in the infinite-acting stage. In Mode III, the reservoir boundary is already seen before the influx from the matrix blocks has effectively set off. The effect of the natural fractures becomes increasingly evident with increasing mode number: from almost absent in Mode I, to significant in Mode II, and to dominant in Mode III. Mode I shows the best production performance, Mode III the worst. Each production mode can be subdivided into a number of distinct flow regimes. The production profiles in each of these regimes and the regime boundaries can be approximated by simple analytical formulas. These formulas may be used for production forecasting and for analyzing historical production decline.