bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an automated plasmapheresis procedure for the harvest of equine plasma in accordance with current good manufacturing practice
Authors: Ziska Sara M. , Schumacher John , Duran Sue H. , Brock Kenny V. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Objective—To develop a high-speed, continuous-flow, automated plasmapheresis procedure for the high-volume harvest of equine plasma in accordance with current good manufacturing practice.
Animals—143 horses (predominantly draft breeds) between 3 and 10 years of age at the time of purchase.
Procedures—Adaptations were made to automated plasmapheresis instruments and sterile disposable collection sets, which allowed for dual-instrument, continuous-flow operation. Donor horses were connected to the apparatus via 2 catheters (1 inserted in each jugular vein). The instruments removed whole blood from donors, fractionated the blood, diverted plasma to collection bags, and simultaneously returned concentrated cells to the donors. Plasmapheresis was performed on donor horses at 14-day intervals with a maximum of 22 mL of plasma/kg of donor body weight harvested during each plasmapheresis procedure.
Results—During a 5-year period, 3,240 plasmapheresis procedures were performed and > 50,000 L of sterile equine plasma was harvested in accordance with current good manufacturing practice. Donors typically remained calm during the plasmapheresis procedures and tolerated the procedures well. The high-volume and frequent plasma harvest did not result in sustained hypoproteinemia in donor horses. Adverse events associated with the automated plasmapheresis technique were infrequent, and the recurrence of adverse events was minimized by making minor adjustments to the procedure.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The automated plasmapheresis procedure described in this report can be used to safely harvest equine plasma or to perform therapeutic plasmapheresis in horses.
Evaluation of factors that affect analytic variability of urine protein-to-creatinine ratio determination in dogs
Authors: Rossi Gabriele , Giori Luca , Campagnola Simona , Zatelli Andrea , Zini Eric , Paltrinieri Saverio 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether preanalytic and analytic factors affect evaluation of the urinary protein-to-creatinine (UPC) ratio in dogs.
Sample—50 canine urine samples.
Procedures—The UPC ratio was measured to assess the intra-assay imprecision (20 measurements within a single session), the influence of predilution (1:10, 1:20, and 1:100) for urine creatinine concentration measurement, and the effect of storage at room temperature (approx 20°C), 4°C, and −20°C.
Results—The coefficient of variation at room temperature determined with the 1:20 predilution was < 10.0%, with the highest coefficients of variation found in samples with a low protein concentration or low urine specific gravity. This variability could result in misclassification of samples with UPC ratios close to the thresholds defined by the International Renal Interest Society to classify dogs as nonproteinuric (0.2), borderline proteinuric (0.21 to 0.50), or proteinuric (> 0.51). A proportional bias was found in samples prediluted 1:10, compared with samples prediluted 1:20 or 1:100. At room temperature, the UPC ratio did not significantly increase after 2 and 4 hours. After 12 hours at room temperature and at 4°C, the UPC ratio significantly increased. The UPC ratio did not significantly change during 3 months of storage at −20°C.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The intra-assay precision of the UPC ratio was sufficiently low to avoid misclassification of samples, except for values close to 0.2 or 0.5. The optimal predilution ratio for urine creatinine concentration measurement was 1:20. A 1:100 predilution is recommended in samples with a urine specific gravity > 1.030. The UPC ratio must be measured as soon as samples are collected. Alternatively, samples should be immediately frozen to increase their stability and minimize the risk of misclassification of proteinuria.
Evaluation of the correlation between serum biochemical values and liver ultrasonographic indices in periparturient cows with different body condition scores
Authors: Rafia Saman , Taghipour-Bazargani Taghi , Asadi Farzad , Vajhi Alireza , Bokaie Saied 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Objective—To determine alterations of serum biochemical variables in relation to changes of near- and far-field mean grayscale histogram (MGSH) and attenuation rates in liver ultrasonograms of periparturient cows.
Animals—67 Holstein cows.
Procedures—Cows were allocated on the basis of body condition score into underconditioned (n = 21), moderately conditioned (23), and overconditioned (23) groups. Serum samples (obtained every 10 days from 30 days before to 30 days after calving) were analyzed for aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and γ-glutamyltransferase activities and BUN, albumin, calcium, and inorganic phosphorus concentrations along with digital estimation of near- and far-field MGSH values of liver ultrasonograms and deep attenuation. Values were compared among groups and within each group, and their correlations were determined in the pre- and postpartum periods.
Results—Serum biochemical variables did not differ significantly among groups. Aspartate aminotransferase and γ-glutamyltransferase activities increased in the postpartum period. Fluctuations of alanine aminotransferase activity were not significant; BUN decreased significantly in the peripartum period. Albumin concentration decreased prior to parturition and remained low, but significantly increased after parturition. Calcium concentration decreased on day 10 but subsequently increased. Phosphorus concentration decreased stepwise until day 10 after calving. Postpartum biochemical variables had weak correlations with near- and far-field MGSH values in overconditioned cows. The highest levels of sound attenuation were found in overconditioned cows on calving day.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Liver ultrasonographic features were poorly correlated with changes of serum biochemical variables. This suggests that liver ultrasonography is not a good technique for estimating functional liver abnormalities in periparturient cows.
Effects of unilateral arytenoid lateralization technique and suture tension on airway pressure in the larynx of canine cadavers
Authors: Wignall Jamie R. , Baines Stephen J. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate effects of the arytenoid lateralization technique and suture tension on airway pressure in the canine larynx.
Sample—7 canine cadaver larynges.
Procedures—Negative pressure was elicited aboral to the larynx. Airway pressure was measured at airflows of 15 to 120 L/min before and after thyroarytenoid lateralization (TAL), cricoarytenoid lateralization (CAL), and combined TAL and CAL (cricothyroarytenoid lateralization [CTAL]) at 100 and 500 g of suture tension and with sectioning of the sesamoid cartilage (SSC) and disarticulation of the cricothyroid joint (DCTJ). Rima glottidis area (RGA) was measured. Effects of technique, modification, and suture tension on pressure and RGA were evaluated statistically.
Results—Increased suture tension significantly reduced airway pressure for TAL at 30 L/min, CAL at 45 to 120 L/min, and CAL after SSC and DCTJ at 60, 75, and 105 to 120 L/min. The CAL and CTAL caused significantly lower airway pressures than did TAL > 30 L/min, but SSC and DCTJ did not significantly reduce pressure. All procedures, except TAL at 100 g of tension, resulted in a significant RGA increase from baseline. The CAL and CTAL caused a significantly greater RGA than did TAL. For TAL at 100 g of tension, SSC significantly increased RGA.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—CAL and CTAL caused lower airway pressures than did TAL. No significant pressure differences were detected between CAL and CTAL; SSC and DCTJ had little effect on pressure. Pressure may be a more sensitive indicator of airflow than is RGA in the larynx of canine cadavers.
Arthroscopic and Low-Field MRI (0.25 T) Evaluation of Meniscus and Ligaments of Painful Knee
Authors: Lokannavar Harish S , Yang Xiaochun , Guduru Harsha 
Published: May 2012

Objective:
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an accurate, non-invasive, cost-effective technique for examination of the soft tissue and osseous structures of the knee. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of low-field MRI by comparing the results with subsequent arthroscopy.

Materials and Methods:
MR imaging study of 146 patients was done using 0.25 T ESTOATE G-SCAN and the sequence used were SE, FSE and GRE in all the three planes. The comparison was based on five parameters: accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value.

Result:
Our study showed high accuracy (98.08%) and negative predictive value (98.62%) for MRI in comparison with arthroscopy.

Conclusion:
Low-field MRI alleviates the need of arthroscopy for detection of meniscus tears and ligament tears.
A New Approach to Implement Sigma Coordinate in a Numerical Model
Authors: Li Yiyuan , Wang Donghai , Wang Bin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis study shows a new way to implement terrain-following σ-coordinate in a numerical model, which does not lead to the well-known “pressure gradient force (PGF)” problem. First, the causes of the PGF problem are analyzed with existing methods that are categorized into two different types based on the causes. Then, the new method that bypasses the PGF problem all together is proposed. By comparing these three methods and analyzing the expression of the scalar gradient in a curvilinear coordinate system, this study finds out that only when using the covariant scalar equations of σ-coordinate will the PGF computational form have one term in each momentum component equation, thereby avoiding the PGF problem completely. A convenient way of implementing the covariant scalar equations of σ-coordinate in a numerical atmospheric model is illustrated, which is to set corresponding parameters in the scalar equations of the Cartesian coordinate. Finally, two idealized experiments manifest that the PGF calculated with the new method is more accurate than using the classic one. This method can be used for oceanic models as well, and needs to be tested in both the atmospheric and oceanic models.
Numerical Simulation of a Weakly Nonlinear Model for Internal Waves
Authors: Canning Gregory Robyn , Nicholls David P. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract Internal waves arise in a wide array of oceanographic problems of both theoretical and engineering interest. In this contribution we present a new model, valid in the weakly nonlinear regime, for the propagation of disturbances along the interface between two ideal fluid layers of infinite extent and different densities. Additionally, we present a novel high-order/spectral algorithm for its accurate and stable simulation. Numerical validation results and simulations of wave-packet evolution are provided.
A Compressed Sensing Approach for Partial Differential Equations with Random Input Data
Authors: Mathelin L. , Gallivan K. A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this paper, a novel approach for quantifying the parametric uncertainty associated with a stochastic problem output is presented. As with Monte-Carlo and stochastic collocation methods, only point-wise evaluations of the stochastic output response surface are required allowing the use of legacy deterministic codes and precluding the need for any dedicated stochastic code to solve the uncertain problem of interest. The new approach differs from these standard methods in that it is based on ideas directly linked to the recently developed compressed sensing theory. The technique allows the retrieval of the modes that contribute most significantly to the approximation of the solution using a minimal amount of information. The generation of this information,viamany solver calls, is almost always the bottle-neck of an uncertainty quantification procedure. If the stochastic model output has a reasonably compressible representation in the retained approximation basis, the proposed method makes the best use of the available information and retrieves the dominant modes. Uncertainty quantification of the solution of both a 2-D and 8-D stochastic Shallow Water problem is used to demonstrate the significant performance improvement of the new method, requiring up to several orders of magnitude fewer solver calls than the usual sparse grid-based Polynomial Chaos (Smolyak scheme) to achieve comparable approximation accuracy.
The Incidence of Pressure Ulcers in People with Multiple Sclerosis and Persons Responsible for their Management
Authors: Cramp A. Fiona L. , Warke Kim , Lowe-Strong Andrea S. 
Published: May 2012

Background: Pressure ulcers are one of many secondary complications which may develop with the progression of disability in MS.
Objective: To establish the incidence of pressure ulcers among people with MS in Northern Ireland (NI) and to identify the professionals responsible for the management.
Methods: Postal questionnaire sent to general practitioners (GPs) within NI (n = 1,083).
Results: The overall response rate was 67.5% (n = 731); of the 722 valid responses, 96.4% (n = 696) of the GPs reported having people with MS registered within their practice (n = 694). Of these GPs, 22.8% (n = 159) indicated that they encounter pressure ulcers amongst this population; 94.3% (n = 150) specified that district nurses were involved in the treatment and management of pressure ulcers. Caregivers, community physiotherapists and nurses based within the GP surgery also appear to have a significant responsibility. Other professionals included surgeons, podiatrists, GPs, nursing home staff and hospital staff.
Conclusion: The results from this study have indicated that pressure ulcers may be a significant problem in people with MS and give an indication of the professionals involved in their management.
Nanoengineering‐Enhanced Capillary Cooling Achieves Sustained Thermal Protection for Ultra‐High Heat Flux and Temperature
Authors: Xu Ruina , Zhou Jimin , Liao Zhiyuan , Li Xiaoyang , Hu Haowei , Hu Kehui , Jiang Peixue 
Published: June 2024

AbstractExtreme thermal conditions with heat flux densities exceeding 1 MW m−2 or temperatures reaching up to 1000 °C are prevalent in various situations. However, thermal protection ability depends on specialized materials or is currently limited with existing cooling schemes. Herein, an innovative cooling scheme that relies on evaporation‐driven capillary flow, enhanced by nanoengineering‐designed porous structures with common materials, is proposed. Experimentally‐obtained capillary flow cooling curve identifies critical heat flux corresponding to evaporation‐driven flow stage, where coolants cool the surface and subsequent vapor impedes heat transfer from thermal boundaries. Nanoengineering provides opportunities for enhanced capillary flow, which proves to endow bronze, TC4 (titanium alloy, Ti‐6Al‐4V), and Al2O3 with thermal protection ability 50–180% higher than that without nanoengineering‐designed. The authors’ scheme achieves critical heat flux up to 2.0–3.1 MW m−2 and performs thermal dissipation capacity almost twice higher than inherent latent heat of coolant. Further, in a supersonic wind tunnel with total temperature reaching up to 1792 K, this scheme effectively protects surfaces by cooling them to surface temperatures below 500 K. Nanoengineering‐enhanced capillary cooling gives access to the application of common materials for high‐temperature and high‐heat‐flux environments and paves the way for development of lightweight, long‐lasting, and large‐scale solutions for thermal protection.
A Class of Sodium Transition‐Metal Sulfide Cathodes With Anion Redox
Authors: He Jiarui , Bhargav Amruth , Okasinski John , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are entering commercial relevance as a sustainable and low‐cost alternative to lithium‐ion batteries. Improving the energy density of SIBs is critical to enable their widespread adoption. Here, a new class of cathode materials Na6MS4 (M = Co, Mn, Fe, and Zn) that exhibit high charge‐storage capacity is reported. Using Na6CoS4 as a prototypical example, a six‐electron conversion reaction dominated by anion redox is observed, confirmed through various electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques. After the initial cycle, Na6CoS4 delivers a high capacity of 392 mA h g−1 with a long lifespan of over 500 cycles. The reaction involves, initially, the transformation of crystalline Na6CoS4 to a nearly amorphous structure consisting of mainly CoS and sulfur nanoparticles, which then reversibly cycles between nearly amorphous a‐CoS/S and a‐Na6CoS4. Such anion‐redox‐driven conversion‐type cathodes hold the potential to enable energy‐dense, stable SIBs.
Patient‐Derived Tumor Organoids Combined with Function‐Associated ScRNA‐Seq for Dissecting the Local Immune Response of Lung Cancer
Authors: Liu Chang , Li Kaiyi , Sui Xizhao , Zhao Tian , Zhang Ting , Chen Zhongyao , Wu Hainan , Li Chao , Li Hao , Yang Fan , Liu Zhidong , Lu You‐Yong , Wang Jun , Chen Xiaofang , Liu Peng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn vitro models coupled with multimodal approaches are needed to dissect the dynamic response of local tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) to immunotherapy. Here the patient‐derived primary lung cancer organoids (pLCOs) are generated by isolating tumor cell clusters, including the infiltrated immune cells. A function‐associated single‐cell RNA sequencing (FascRNA‐seq) platform allowing both phenotypic evaluation and scRNA‐seq at single‐organoid level is developed to dissect the TIME of individual pLCOs. The analysis of 171 individual pLCOs derived from seven patients reveals that pLCOs retain the TIME heterogeneity in the parenchyma of parental tumor tissues, providing models with identical genetic background but various TIME. Linking the scRNA‐seq data of individual pLCOs with their responses to anti‐PD‐1 (αPD‐1) immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) allows to confirm the central role of CD8+T cells in anti‐tumor immunity, to identify potential tumor‐reactive T cells with a set of 10 genes, and to unravel the factors regulating T cell activity, includingCD99gene. In summary, the study constructs a joint phenotypic and transcriptomic FascRNA‐seq platform to dissect the dynamic response of local TIME under ICB treatment, providing a promising approach to evaluate novel immunotherapies and to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Pristine MOF Materials for Separator Application in Lithium–Sulfur Battery
Authors: Cheng Zhibin , Lian Jie , Zhang Jindan , Xiang Shengchang , Chen Banglin , Zhang Zhangjing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have attracted significant attention in the realm of electronic energy storage and conversion owing to their remarkable theoretical energy density and cost‐effectiveness. However, Li–S batteries continue to face significant challenges, primarily the severe polysulfides shuttle effect and sluggish sulfur redox kinetics, which are inherent obstacles to their practical application. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), known for their porous structure, high adsorption capacity, structural flexibility, and easy synthesis, have emerged as ideal materials for separator modification. Efficient polysulfides interception/conversion ability and rapid lithium‐ion conduction enabled by MOFs modified layers are demonstrated in Li–S batteries. In this perspective, the objective is to present an overview of recent advancements in utilizing pristine MOF materials as modification layers for separators in Li–S batteries. The mechanisms behind the enhanced electrochemical performance resulting from each design strategy are explained. The viewpoints and crucial challenges requiring resolution are also concluded for pristine MOFs separator in Li–S batteries. Moreover, some promising materials and concepts based on MOFs are proposed to enhance electrochemical performance and investigate polysulfides adsorption/conversion mechanisms. These efforts are expected to contribute to the future advancement of MOFs in advanced Li–S batteries.
Factors associated with cognitive function in patient with Alzheimer's disease with newly prescribed acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: A 1‐year retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ching Pao‐Yuan , Chang Cheng‐Ho , Pan Chih‐Chuan , Chiang Yung‐Chih , Kuo Hsin‐ya , Hsu Tien‐Wei , Chu Che‐Sheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to examine the factors associated with treatment outcomes in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) after 1 year of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) treatment.MethodWe obtained electronic medical records from a medical center in Southern Taiwan between January 2015 and September 2021. Participants aged ≥60 who were newly diagnosed with AD and had been prescribed AChEIs were included. Cognitive assessments were performed before the AChEIs were prescribed and at the 1 year follow‐up. Cognition progressors were defined as a Mini‐Mental State Examination decline of >3 or a Clinical Dementia Rating decline of ≥1 after 1 year of AChEI treatment. The relationship between the baseline characteristics and cognitive status after follow‐up was investigated using logistic regression analysis after adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsA total of 1370 patients were included in our study (mean age, 79.86 ± 8.14 years). After adjustment, the body mass index (BMI) was found to be significantly lower in the progressor group [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.970, 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs): 0.943 to 0.997, P = 0.033]. The usage of antipsychotics was significantly higher in the progressor group (AOR: 1.599, 95% CIs: 1.202 to 2.202, P = 0.001). The usage of benzodiazepine receptor agonists also tended to be significantly higher in the progressor group (AOR: 1.290, 95% CIs: 0.996 to 1.697, p = 0.054).ConclusionThese results suggest that patients with AD who receive 1 year of AChEI treatment and have a lower BMI or concurrent treatment with antipsychotics and benzodiazepine receptor agonists are more likely to suffer from cognitive decline.
Evaluation of extinction risk for stream fishes within an urban riverscape using population viability analysis
Authors: Huntsman Brock M. , Palenscar Kai , Russell Kerwin , Mills Brett , Jones Chris , Ota William , Anderson Kurt E. , Dyer Heather , Abadi Fitsum , Wulff Marissa 
Published: June 2024

Abstract1. The Santa Ana River in the Los Angeles region of California demonstrates common habitat degradation symptoms that are characteristic of the urban stream syndrome. These impacts have altered the Santa Ana River community structure, with few species as impacted as the native Santa Ana sucker (sucker; Pantosteus santaanae). 2. Consequently, a recovery plan developed for sucker identified the need for a population viability analysis (PVA) to assess sucker extirpation risk. However, PVAs can be data‐intensive and are subject to several sources of bias when standardized protocols are absent. 3. More than 20 years of sucker and arroyo chub (chub; Gila orcuttii) surveys using different methods were compiled to build an integrated hierarchical multi‐population PVA to estimate trends in abundance and extirpation probability of these native fishes from the Santa Ana River. 4. PVA modelling indicated similar patterns in sucker and chub abundance along the Santa Ana River, with the highest abundance of both species in the upper regions of the river during the early 2000s and downstream in recent years (2018–2022). Extirpation risk was estimated to be greatest near wastewater treatment facilities, where native fish abundance estimates have been zero since 2018. Extirpation risk was lower downstream of the wastewater treatment facilities for both species, although extinction risk was higher for sucker than chub throughout the river. 5. As the model evolves and more data are collected, the PVA could be used to assess the effects of various management actions, such as non‐native predator removals and native fish re‐introductions, on sucker and chub persistence.