bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zur Pollenmorphologie der GattungWaltheriaL. (Sterculiaceae)
Authors: Köhler Egon 
Published: August 2010

AbstractUntersuchungen des Pollens von 69 Belegen aus 44 Arten oder vermeintlichen Arten der GattungWaltheriaführten auf Grund von Unterschieden im Exinebau zum Nachweis eines spinulosen und eines suprareticulaten Pollentyps.In beiden Typen zeichnen sich ± parallele Tendenzen in der Evolution des Apertursystéms ab, die auf eine Vermehrung der Aperturen, auf eine Verkürzung der Colpi und auf eine deutlichere Begrenzung und nexinöse Verdickung der Ora gerichtet sind. Sie belegen damit wesentliche Schritte der Aperturevolution, die beim spinulosen Typ vom zonocolporaten über den zonopororaten zum pantopororaten, beim suprareticulaten Typ vom zonocolporaten zum pantocolporaten Status verlaufen sein dürfte.Die Tendenzen der Sporodermevolution laufen auf eine stärkere morphologische und teilweise auch regionale Differenzierung der Exineelemente (Bacula, Spinulae) hinaus, die eine bemerkenswerte Korrelation mit dem Evolutionsniveau der Aperturen erkennen läßt.Nach pollenmorphologischen Gesichtspunkten lassen sich die Arten der GattungWaltheriain 2 Gruppen zusammenfassen, die als zwei verwandte, aber relativ selbständige Abstammungsgemeinschaften zu betrachten sind. Diese Befunde sprechen für eine taxonomische Untergliederung der Gattung. Die Pollenmorphologie gibt weitere Hinweise für die Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen der Arten innerhalb dieser Gruppen und für die Abgrenzung und infraspezifische Differenzierung vonW. indica.
Contribution of the Flora of Cuba: Osmundaceae, Schizaeaceae and Gleicheniaceae (Pteridophyta)
Authors: Duek J. J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis study includes three families, Osmundaceae, Schizaeaceae and Gleicheniaceae (Pteridophyta). The gross morphology of all the specimens contained in 21 of the most important herbaria have been studied and the obtained data were compiled in a retrieval computerized system. Classical descriptions and traditional keys for identification are provided as well as the geographical distribution of all the species. Localization in Cuba is given in several maps. Types and synonymy had been clarified. 35 taxa in 6 genera are recognized and 85 taxa in 9 genera are to be regarded as synonyms.
Rubus sorbicus sp. nov., ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis des Rubus‐Flora in Sachsen (DDR)
Authors: Weber Heinrich E. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractRubus sorbicus WEBER wird als neue Art der subsect. Suberecti P. J. M. beschrieben. Sie ist stellenweise häufig in Sachsen (DDR) von der Niederlausitz bis in den Raum Leipzig auf kalkfreien Böden verbreitet.
Comments on the identity of Ageratum conyzoides L., and A. houstonianum Mill. — two naturalized weeds in India
Authors: Sharma V. S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAgeratum conyzoides L., and A. houstonianum Mill., are two exotic weeds completely naturalized in Indian subcontinent invading even the Himalaya. Both are easily confused for each other in herbaria as well as in the field. Reliable morphological characters to distinguish these two closely resembling taxa have been identified and illustrated to facilitate unmistaken determination. Also some observations have been made to Sahu's treatment of these two species with a caution to apply the numerical data to change the taxonomic status of any well established taxon, and instead to utilize the numerical methods in the analysis of evolutionary phenomena.
Einige Bemerkungen zum Auftreten der Gattung Ficus L. in tertiären Floren von Europa
Authors: Givulescu R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAuf der Basis von Literaturdaten werden die Ficus‐Arten einiger fossiler Blattfloren Europas einer kriti‐schen Durchsicht unterzogen. Argumente für ein reiches Vorkommen der Gattung Ficus im Zeitraum Eozän — unteres Miozän gibt es nicht, der größte Teil der sogenannten Ficus‐Arten gehört zu anderen Gattungen.
The morphological variation and systematic value of stamen pairs in the Magnoliatae
Authors: Decraene L. P. Ronse , Smets E. F. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe distribution of paired stamens has been investigated in the Magnoliatae. Stamens can be inserted in pairs as the result of two developmental processes: (a) spatial shifts in the flower caused by the transition of a spiral into a cyclic arrangement of floral parts or (b) dédoublement of complex primordia. The first case is linked with a progressive loss of stamen whorls, ultimately leading to the replacement of all pairs by single stamens. Outer paired stamens are characteristic for polycyclic androecia and are often retained when the upper stamen whorls vanish. The outer pairs may be replaced by petals in some cases or by single stamens in other. The second situation arises by the splitting of complex primordia in two secondary primordia or by the independent initiation of the stamens of a pair. Replacement of single stamens by pairs reflects an increase in the pollination potential and has arisen several times, mainly in relation with oligomerous androecia.The distribution of these two types of stamen pairs on a Dahlgrenogram confirms the existence of two groups. These groups correspond more or less with the presence of the characters polymery and oligomery, proposed by RONSE DECRAENE & SMETS (1987, 1993b, 1995b).
Application of the tissue residue approach in ecological risk assessment
Authors: Sappington Keith G , Bridges Todd S , Bradbury Steven P , Erickson Russell J , Hendriks A Jan , Lanno Roman P , Meador James P , Mount David R , Salazar Mike H , Spry Doug J 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The objective of this work is to present a critical review of the application of the tissue residue approach (TRA) in ecological risk and/or impact assessment (ERA) of chemical stressors and environmental criteria development. A secondary goal is to develop a framework for integrating the TRA into ecological assessments along with traditional, exposure concentration-based assessment approaches. Although widely recognized for its toxicological appeal, the utility of the TRA in specific applications will depend on numerous factors, such as chemical properties, exposure characteristics, assessment type, availability of tissue residue-response data, and ability to quantify chemical exposure. Therefore, the decision to use the TRA should include an evaluation of the relative strengths, limitations, and uncertainties among exposure and residue-based methods for characterizing toxicological effects. Furthermore, rather than supplanting exposure concentration-based toxicity assessments, the TRA can be highly effective for evaluating and reducing uncertainty when used in a complementary manner (e.g., when evaluating multiple lines of evidence in field studies). To address limitations with the available tissue residue-response data, approaches for extrapolating residue-based toxicity data across species, tissues, and exposure durations are discussed. Some of these approaches rely on predicted residue-response relationships or toxicological models that have an implicit residue-response basis (e.g., biotic ligand model). Because risk to an organism is a function of both its exposure potential and inherent sensitivity (i.e., on a residue basis), bioaccumulation models will be required not only for translating tissue residue criteria into corresponding water and sediment criteria, but also for defining the most vulnerable species in an assemblage (i.e., highly exposed and highly sensitive species). Application of the TRA in ecological assessments and criteria development are summarized for bioaccumulative organic chemicals, TBT, and in situ bioassays using bivalve molluscs. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2011;7:116–140. © 2010 SETAC
Grading the commercial optical biosensor literature—Class of 2008: ‘The Mighty Binders’
Authors: Rich Rebecca L. , Myszka David G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractOptical biosensor technology continues to be the method of choice for label‐free, real‐time interaction analysis. But when it comes to improving the quality of the biosensor literature, education should be fundamental. Of the 1413 articles published in 2008, less than 30% would pass the requirements for high‐school chemistry. To teach by example, we spotlight 10 papers that illustrate how to implement the technology properly. Then we grade every paper published in 2008 on a scale from A to F and outline what features make a biosensor article fabulous, middling or abysmal. To help improve the quality of published data, we focus on a few experimental, analysis and presentation mistakes that are alarmingly common. With the literature as a guide, we want to ensure that no user is left behind. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐scale modeling of surface effect via the boundary Cauchy–Born method
Authors: Qomi M. J. Abdolhosseini , Aghaei A. , Khoei A. R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn this paper, a novel multi‐scale approach is developed for modeling of the surface effect in crystalline nano‐structures. The technique is based on the Cauchy–Born hypothesis in which the strain energy density of the equivalent continua is calculated by means of inter‐atomic potentials. The notion of introducing the surface effect in the finite element method is based on the intrinsic function of quadratures, called as an indicator of material behavior. The information of quadratures is derived by interpolating the data from probable representative atoms in their proximity. The technique is implemented by the definition of reference boundary CB elements, which enable to capture not only the surface but also the edge and corner effects. As the surface effect is important in small‐scale simulation, the relative number of boundary CB elements increases which leads to predomination of boundary effects in the model. In order to implement the equivalent continua in boundary value problems, the updated‐Lagrangian formulation of nonlinear finite element is derived. The numerical simulation of the proposed model together with the direct comparison with fully atomistic model indicates that the technique provides promising results for facile modeling of boundary effects and investigating its effect on the mechanical response of metallic nano‐scale devices. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identifying targets to improve treatment in type 2 diabetes; the Groningen Initiative to aNalyse Type 2 diabetes Treatment (GIANTT) observational study
Authors: Voorham Jaco , Haaijer‐Ruskamp Floor M. , van der Meer Klaas , de Zeeuw Dick , Wolffenbuttel Bruce H. R. , Hoogenberg Klaas , Denig Petra ,   on behalf of the GIANTT‐group
Published: August 2010

AbstractPurposeAssessment of quality of cardiometabolic risk management in diabetes in primary care.MethodsIn a descriptive cohort study including 95 Dutch general practices, we assessed medication treatment in relation to the level of control for HbA1c, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and LDL‐cholesterol (LDL‐c) in 2007. We also applied a prospective measure of treatment quality by assessing treatment modifications in not well‐controlled patients. In a subpopulation of 23 practices, we studied trends in these quality indicators from 2004 (2059 patients) to 2007 (2929 patients).ResultsIn 2007, averages for HbA1c, SBP and LDL‐c were 6.9%, 142 mmHg and 2.3 mmol/l, respectively. Of the patients with an HbA1c > 8.5%, 16% were treated with one oral drug class and 50% used insulin. In 27% of these patients, therapy modification occurred subsequently. During the 4‐year period, a slight decrease in average HbA1c was observed, but no changes in treatment level. In 2007, 56% of the patients had an SBP ≥140 mmHg, 19% of whom were not using antihypertensives. In the 13% with an SBP >160 mmHg, 23% received a therapy modification. During the 4‐year period, the average SBP decreased with 6 mmHg but the treatment level showed no substantial increase. In 2007, 39% had an LDL‐c level ≥2.5 mmol/l, 49% of whom were not using statins. Of the patients with an LDL‐c >3.5 mmol/l, only 9% received a therapy modification.ConclusionsThe decreasing population averages of HbA1c, SBP and LDL‐c values suggest improvement in quality of care. However, the relatively few therapy modifications observed in insufficiently controlled patients show room for improvement. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal exposure to perfluorooctanesulfonate in rat resulted in long‐lasting changes of expression of synapsins and synaptophysin
Authors: Zeng Huai‐Cai , Li Yuan‐Yuan , Li Yuan‐yuan , Zhang Ling , Wang Yan‐Jian , Chen Jun , Xia Wei , Lin Yi , Wei Jie , Lv Zi‐Quan , Li Miao , Xu Shun‐Qing 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBoth animal and human studies have demonstrated that exposure to chemical pollutants during critical developmental period causes adverse consequences later in life. In uterus, perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) exposure has been known to cause developmental neurotoxicity, such as increased motor activity, reduced habitation and impaired cognitive function. The possible mechanism of the impaired cognitive function induced by prenatal PFOS exposure was evaluated in this study. Pregnant Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were given 0.1, 0.6, and 2.0 mg kg−1 birth weight (bw) d−1 by gavage from gestation day (GD) 0 to GD20. Control received 0.5% Tween‐20 vehicle (4 ml kg−1 bw d−1). PFOS concentration in hippocampus of offspring was observed on postnatal day (PND) 0 and PND21. The ultrastructure of hippocampus and the gene expression of synaptic vesicle associated proteins in offspring hippocampus, which were important for the neurotransmitter release, were investigated. The transmission electron photomicrographs of the offspring hippocampus from PFOS‐treated maternal groups showed the ultrastructure of synapses was negatively affected. The offspring from PFOS‐treated maternal groups also differed significantly from controls with respect to the expression of synaptic vesicle associated proteins. The mRNA levels of synapsin1 (Syn1), synapsin2 (Syn2), and synaptophysin (Syp) were decreased in treated groups either on PND0 or on PND21. However, the mRNA level of synapsin3 (Syn3) decreased in 0.6‐ and 2.0‐mg kg−1 group on PND0, and showed no significant difference among control group and all treated groups on PND21. These results indicate that the impairment of cognitive function induced by PFOS may be attributed to the lower mRNA levels of synaptic vesicle associated proteins and the change of synaptic ultrastructure in hippocampus. Synapse, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamic deployment and reconfiguration of ad-hoc routing protocols
Authors: Ramdhany Rajiv , Grace Paul , Coulson Geoff , Hutchison David 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The innate dynamicity and complexity of mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) has resulted in numerous ad-hoc routing protocols being proposed. Furthermore, numerous variants and hybrids continue to be reported in the literature. This diversity appears to be inherent to the field—it seems unlikely that there will ever be a ‘one-size-fits-all’ solution to the ad-hoc routing problem. However, typical deployment environments for ad-hoc routing protocols still force the choice of a single fixed protocol; and the resultant compromise can easily lead to sub-optimal performance, depending on current operating conditions. In this paper, we address this problem by exploring a framework approach to the construction and deployment of ad-hoc routing protocols. Our framework supports the simultaneous deployment of multiple protocols so that MANET nodes can switch protocols to optimise to current operating conditions. The framework also supports finer-grained dynamic reconfiguration in terms of protocol variation and hybridisation. We evaluate our framework by using it to construct and (simultaneously) deploy two popular ad-hoc routing protocols (DYMO and OLSR), and also to derive fine-grained variants of these. We measure the performance and resource overhead of these implementations compared to monolithic ones, and find the comparison to be favourable to our approach.
Are youths’ feelings of entitlement always “bad”?: Evidence for a distinction between exploitive and non‐exploitive dimensions of entitlement
Authors: Lessard Jared , Greenberger Ellen , Chen Chuansheng , Farruggia Susan 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTPrevious personality research (e.g., Campbell et al., 2004) has described the sense of entitlement as an unifactorial construct. In this study, we examined characteristics of two potential facets of entitlement: exploitive entitlement, characterized by exploitive interactions and expectations of special treatment, and non‐exploitive entitlement, or entitled beliefs that rest on notions of self‐worth and fairness. 466 college students (mean age = 20.5) completed a questionnaire consisting of unifactorial and two‐factor measures of entitlement and other personality dispositions and attitudes. As expected, both exploitive and non‐exploitive entitlement were positively related to the Psychological Entitlement Scale (PES; r = .51 and r = .43, respectively), an unifactorial measure of entitlement. In other respects, exploitive and non‐exploitive entitlement had quite distinct correlates. Exploitive entitlement was uniquely related to higher levels of psychopathy and neuroticism, and lower levels of work orientation, social commitment, and self‐esteem; whereas non‐exploitive entitlement was uniquely associated with higher self‐esteem.
Postabortion care counseling practiced by health professionals in southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Adinma Joseph I. , Ikeako Lawrence , Adinma Echendu Dolly , Ezeama Chukwuemeka , Eke Nkemakolam 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the practice of postabortion care (PAC) counseling among healthcare professionals in southeastern Nigeria.MethodsA cross‐sectional questionnaire‐based survey conducted among healthcare professionals in Anambra State, southeastern Nigeria, in 2006. Participants were chosen using a multi‐stage sampling technique. A pre‐tested questionnaire assessing the practice of PAC counseling was administered.ResultsA total of 431 health professionals were questioned: 270 (62.6%) medical doctors and 161 (37.4%) nurses. Of 302 (70.1%) respondents who reported practicing PAC counseling, only 173 (40.1%) had received formal training. PAC counseling was most commonly practiced by health professionals working in the University Teaching Hospital (90.5%). It was also more commonly practiced by nurses in rural areas compared with nurses working in urban areas (75 [67.6%] vs 24 [48.0%]; P = 0.02).ConclusionA high proportion of health professionals reported practicing PAC counseling. However, less than half had received formal training in PAC counseling. An increased PAC training activity program, with an emphasis on counseling, is recommended for health professionals to improve the overall quality of PAC service delivery.
When and how aesthetics influences financial decisions
Authors: Townsend Claudia , Shu Suzanne B. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe observe the influence of aesthetic design on consumer behavior involving financial products—an area where financial decision‐makers say they do not take aesthetics into account. In a series of three studies we find that the look of a document in hypothetical investment decisions impacts stock valuation and behavior in some but not all situations. Specifically, our results show that calling attention to the influence of design on behavior moderates the effect, including the paradoxical finding that the effect of design is attenuated when investments involve entities for which aesthetics is of intrinsic value.
Polychaete palaeoecology in an early Late Ordovician marine astrobleme of Sweden
Authors: ERIKSSON MATS E. , FRISK ÅSA M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe post-impact Dalby Limestone (Kukruse; Upper Ordovician) of the Tvären crater, southeastern Sweden, has been analysed with regards to polychaetes, as represented by scolecodonts. A palaeoecological succession is observed in the Tvären-2 drill core sequence, as the vacant ecospace was successively filled by a range of benthonic, nektonic and planktonic organisms. Scolecodonts belong to the first non-planktonic groups to appear and constitute one of the most abundant fossil elements. The polychaete assemblage recorded has an overall composition characteristic of that of the Upper Ordovician of Baltoscandia.Oenonites,Vistulella,Mochtyellaand the enigmatic ‘Xanioprion’ represent the most common genera, whereasPteropelta,Protarabellites?,AtraktoprionandXanioprionare considerably more rare. The assemblage differs from coeval ones particularly in its poorly represented ramphoprionid fauna and the relatively high frequency of ‘Xanioprion’. A taxonomic succession and changes in abundance and relative frequency of different taxa is observed from the deepest part of the crater and upwards towards more shallow water environments. The initial post-impact assemblage does not, however, necessarily represent a benthonic colonization of the crater floor. Instead it seems to be a taphocoenosis, as indicated by its taxonomic correspondence to the rim facies fauna recovered from Dalby Limestone erratics of the Ringsön island. The Tvären succession has yielded considerably richer scolecodont assemblages than hitherto recorded from the approximately coeval Lockne crater, possibly as a consequence of shallower water settings in the former area.
Studying the Afternoon Transition of the Planetary Boundary Layer
Authors: Lothon Marie , Lenschow Donald H. 
Published: August 2010

The planetary boundary layer is the part of the atmosphere that interacts directly with the Earth's surface on a time scale of a few hours or less. In daytime, solar heating of the surface can generate buoyant turbulent eddies that efficiently mix the air through a depth of more than a kilometer. This convective boundary layer (CBL) is a conduit for trace gases such as water vapor and carbon dioxide that are emitted or absorbed by the surface (and surface vegetation) to be transported into or out of the layer nearest the surface.The CBL has been extensively observed and relatively successfully modeled. But the early morning transition—when the CBL emerges from the nocturnal boundary layer—and the late afternoon transition—when the CBL decays to an intermittently turbulent “residual layer” overlying a shallower, stably stratified boundary layer—are difficult to observe and model due to turbulence intermittency and anisotropy, horizontal heterogeneity, and rapid time changes. Even the definition of the boundary layer during these transitional periods is fuzzy; there is no consensus on what criteria to use and no simple scaling laws, as there are for the CBL, that apply during these transitions.