bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Love (and) ageing well: A qualitative study of sexual health in the context of ageing well among women aged 50 and over
Authors: Patterson Sophie , Jehan Kate 
Published: April 2024

Background: The United Nations has declared 2021–2030 the ‘Decade of Healthy Ageing’ and identified the need to strengthen the evidence base on interpretations and determinants of healthy ageing to inform policy. Objectives: This study sought to interrogate a ‘policy blind spot’ and examine interpretations and experiences of sexuality and sexual health within the context of ageing well among women aged 50+. Design: The qualitative study design was underpinned by an interpretivist epistemology. Research was guided by principles of feminist scholarship and located in an affirmative ageing framework. Methods: Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted between April–June 2019 with 21 English-speaking women aged 52–76. Women were recruited through community organizations in North West England. Transcripts were analysed using a framework approach to thematic analysis, applying an inductive approach to theme generation. Results: Narratives encompassed six broad themes: reflections on ‘ageing well’; age alone does not define sexuality and sexual health; interpretations of sexual health and sexuality; vulnerability and resistance in later-life sexual health; narratives of (in)visibility; and reimagining services to promote sexual health in later life. There was a dominant belief that sexual health represents a component of ageing well, despite a broad spectrum of sexual expression and health challenges. Sexual expression was diversely shaped by conflicting societal expectations within an evolving digitized environment. In clinical settings, however, sexual health discussions were often muted or framed from a disease-focussed lens. Women expressed a preference for holistic, person-centred sexual health provision from an orientation of wellness to support varied sexual expression, sensitive to wider health, life and relationship realities. Conclusion: This work strengthens calls to disentangle sexual health from disease-centred narratives and legitimize sexual health as part of the healthy ageing agenda.
Overview of systematic reviews comparing endovascular to best medical treatment for large-vessel occlusion acute ischaemic stroke: an umbrella review
Authors: Safouris Apostolos , Palaiodimou Lina , Katsanos Aristeidis H. , Kargiotis Odysseas , Bougioukas Konstantinos I. , Psychogios Klearchos , Sidiropoulou Tatiana , Spiliopoulos Stavros , Psychogios Marios-Nikos , Magoufis Georgios , Turc Guillaume , Tsivgoulis Georgios 
Published: April 2024

Background: The literature on endovascular treatment (EVT) for large-vessel occlusion (LVO) acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) has been rapidly increasing after the publication of positive randomized-controlled clinical trials (RCTs) and a plethora of systematic reviews (SRs) showing benefit compared to best medical therapy (BMT) for LVO. Objectives: An overview of SRs (umbrella review) and meta-analysis of primary RCTs were performed to summarize the literature and present efficacy and safety of EVT. Design and methods: MEDLINE via Pubmed, Embase and Epistemonikos databases were searched from January 2015 until 15 October 2023. All SRs of RCTs comparing EVT to BMT were included. Quality was assessed using Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews scores and the RoB 2 Cochrane Collaboration tool, as appropriate. GRADE approach was used to evaluate the strength of evidence. Data were presented according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Overviews of Reviews statement. The primary outcome was 3-month good functional outcome [modified Rankin scale (mRS) score 0–2]. Results: Three eligible SRs and 4 additional RCTs were included in the overview, comprising a total of 24 RCTs, corresponding to 5968 AIS patients with LVO (3044 randomized to EVT versus 2924 patients randomized to BMT). High-quality evidence shows that EVT is associated with an increased likelihood of good functional outcome [risk ratio (RR) 1.78 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.54–2.06); 166 more per 1000 patients], independent ambulation [mRS-scores 0–3; RR 1.50 (95% CI: 1.37–1.64); 174 more per 1000 patients], excellent functional outcome [mRS-scores 0–1; RR 1.90 (95% CI: 1.62–2.22); 118 more per 1000 patients] at 3 months. EVT was associated with reduced 3-month mortality [RR 0.81 (95% CI: 0.74–0.88); 61 less per 1000 patients] despite an increase in symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage [sICH; RR 1.65 (95% CI: 1.23–2.21); 22 more per 1000 patients]. Conclusion: In patients with AIS due to LVO in the anterior or posterior circulation, within 24 h from symptom onset, EVT improves functional outcomes and increases the chance of survival despite increased sICH risk. Registration: PROSPERO Registration Number CRD42023461138.
TROPION-Breast03: a randomized phase III global trial of datopotamab deruxtecan ± durvalumab in patients with triple-negative breast cancer and residual invasive disease at surgical resection after neoadjuvant therapy
Authors: Bardia Aditya , Pusztai Lajos , Albain Kathy , Ciruelos Eva Maria , Im Seock-Ah , Hershman Dawn , Kalinsky Kevin , Isaacs Claudine , Loirat Delphine , Testa Laura , Tokunaga Eriko , Wu Jiong , Dry Hannah , Barlow William , Kozarski Robert , Maxwell Micah , Harbeck Nadia , Sharma Priyanka 
Published: April 2024

Background: Despite advances in the treatment of early triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), patients with residual invasive disease after neoadjuvant therapy have a high risk of disease recurrence and worse survival outcomes than those who have pathological complete response (pCR). Improving outcomes in early TNBC remains an unmet need requiring new adjuvant treatment approaches. Datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd) is an antibody–drug conjugate comprising a humanized anti-trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody attached via a plasma-stable, cleavable linker to a potent topoisomerase I inhibitor payload, with activity observed in advanced TNBC. Objectives: TROPION-Breast03 is an ongoing phase III study evaluating the efficacy and safety of Dato-DXd alone or combined with durvalumab versus standard-of-care therapy as adjuvant treatment in patients with stage I–III TNBC with residual invasive disease at surgical resection following neoadjuvant treatment. Methods and design: Eligible patients, aged ⩾18 years, will be randomized in a 2:1:2 ratio to receive Dato-DXd [6 mg/kg intravenously (IV) every 3 weeks (Q3W); eight cycles] and durvalumab (1120 mg IV Q3W; nine cycles), Dato-DXd monotherapy (6 mg/kg IV Q3W), or investigator’s choice of therapy (ICT; capecitabine, pembrolizumab, or capecitabine and pembrolizumab). The primary endpoint is invasive disease-free survival (iDFS) for Dato-DXd and durvalumab versus ICT. Key secondary endpoints include safety, distant disease-free survival, and overall survival for Dato-DXd and durvalumab versus ICT and iDFS for Dato-DXd monotherapy versus ICT. Ethics: TROPION-Breast03 will be approved by the independent ethics committees or institutional review boards at each study site. All study participants will provide written informed consent. Discussion: TROPION-Breast03 will help define the potential role of Dato-DXd in the treatment of patients with early-stage TNBC who do not have pCR after neoadjuvant therapy. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05629585 (registration date: 29 November 2022).
A comparison of far-field explosive loads by a selection of current and emerging blast software
Authors: Chester Alastair , Critchley Richard , Hazael Rachael 
Published: April 2024

In blast resistant design, simulation data may be used to generate the explosive loads that would be witnessed by the detonation of a high explosive device. There are many software packages available to simulate explosions, and this study aims to provide a comparison of a selection of them, including some recently available, with the aim of forming an understanding of the potential accuracies and speed of these in far-field explosive prediction. Software selection criteria were formed by a literature survey to highlight the commonly commercially used programmes. Each software package was used to predict the far-field effects of overpressure and specific impulse from two explosive charges against a reflective target. The data generated by these simulations were then critically compared and reviewed, both with respect to each other and, for the 100 kg charge size, with respect to experimental data. It shows that for the simulated scenarios, after domain and cell size fidelity studies have been performed, the choice of software may lead to a variance in prediction in the peak overpressure of up to 50%, specific impulse of up to 15%, and simulation run times by a factor of 600.
A Comprehensive Prospective Analysis of Surgical Outcomes and Adverse Events in Spinal Procedures Among Octogenarians: A Detailed Analysis From a German Tertiary Center
Authors: Lenga Pavlina , Dao Trong Philip , Papakonstantinou Vassilios , Unterberg Andreas W. , Ishak Basem 
Published: April 2024

Study design Prospective case series. Objectives Drawing from prospective data, this study delves into the frequency and nature of adverse events (AEs) following spinal surgery specifically in octogenarians, shedding light on the challenges and implications of treating this specific cohort as well as on risk factors for their occurrence. Methods Octogenarians who received spinal surgery and were discharged between January 2019 and December 2022 were proactively included in our study. An AE was characterized as any incident transpiring within the initial 30 days after surgery that led to an unfavorable outcome. Results From January 2020 to December 2022, 184 octogenarian patients (average age: 83.1 ± 2.8 years) underwent spinal surgeries. Of these, 81.5% were elective and 18.5% were emergencies, with 69.0% addressing degenerative pathologies. Using the Charlson Comorbidity Index, the mean score was 8.1 ± 2.2, highlighting cardiac diseases as predominant. Surgical details show 71.2% had decompression, with 28.8% receiving instrumentation. AEs included wound infections 3.1% for degenerative, 13.3% for tumor and dural leaks. The overall incidence of dural leaks was found to be 2.7% (5/184 cases), and each case underwent surgical revision. Pulmonary embolism resulted in two fatalities post-trauma. Wound infections (26.7%) were prevalent in infected spine cases. Significant AE risk factors were comorbidities, extended surgery durations, and instrumentation procedures. Conclusions In octogenarian spinal surgeries, AEs occurred in 15.8% of cases, influenced by comorbidities and surgical complexities. The 2.2% mortality rate wasn’t linked to surgeries. Accurate documentation remains crucial for assessing outcomes in this age group.
Carbon-negative Goals: Innovative Business Model for Sustainability at ‘Eat Raja’
Authors: Archana P. , Tamizharasi D.  , Bhojanna U. 
Published: April 2024

This case study highlights the significance of transitioning towards a zero-waste business model to achieve sustainability goals, focusing on the pioneering efforts of EAT RAJA, India’s first Zero Waste Juice Bar. Founded by Mr Anand Raj B. S. N in 2018, EAT RAJA emerged as a beacon of innovation, redefining waste management strategies and promoting environmental stewardship. Mr Anand Raj’s journey from being a software engineer and radio jockey to the proprietor of EAT RAJA is characterised by a profound personal experience following his father’s passing. In March 2018, he transformed his father’s juice shop into EAT RAJA, commemorating his legacy while embracing a new vision centred on sustainability. EAT RAJA’s business model innovation revolves around zero waste principles, demonstrated through the elimination of plastic usage and the utilisation of fruit shells as containers. The company’s commitment to environmental responsibility extends to waste management practices, with fruit shells repurposed as cattle feed or transformed into bio-enzymes. Moreover, the incorporation of vegan options further aligns with EAT RAJA’s ethos of promoting eco-friendly practices. The case study underscores the integration of environmental considerations into strategic management and business models, emphasising sustainability as a driver of competitive advantage and societal value creation. By embracing innovation and sustainability as core principles, EAT RAJA exemplifies the transformative potential of businesses in driving positive environmental change. The case study offers insights into the challenges and opportunities associated with adopting a zero-waste business model, illustrating the broader implications for corporate sustainability practices and societal well-being.
Electromyographic Evaluation of Masseter and Temporalis Muscle Activity in Distal Extension Edentulous Patients After Replacing with Implants—A Prospective Clinical Trial
Authors: Kondapally Mohana , Ramesh K. S. V. , M. Satyanarayana Raju , Penmetsa Gautami S. , Gottumukkala N. V. S. Sruthima , Pasupuleti Mohan Kumar 
Published: April 2024

Aim: To assess the changes in muscle activity after replacing the missing teeth or teeth with implants in distal extension edentulous patients and to evaluate the patient’s satisfaction levels. Materials and Methods: This was a single-group experimental study, based on convenience sampling with a sample size of 40 patients. Only unilateral mandibular distal extension edentulous sites were included and endo-osseous dental implants were placed in delayed protocol. Electrical activities of the masseter and temporalis muscles were recorded at rest and clench before, immediately, and one month after the cementation using electromyography. Patient satisfaction was analyzed through a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics an inferential statistics with repeated measures of ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test were done to analyze the study data. P value < .05 would be considered statistically significant for all the analyses. Results: Right temporalis showed significantly higher surface electromyography (sEMG) activity at one-month post cementation than baseline at rest and clench. Similarly, the left temporalis has shown significant sEMG activity at one-month post cementation than baseline at clench. However, there was no statistical difference with the right and left masseter. The implant-supported prosthesis was well received by the majority of patients. Conclusion: Definitive improvement in the electrical activity of the temporalis before and after the replacement of prosthesis was noticed with positive patient satisfaction levels with implant-supported prosthesis.
Quantification of Apoptotic Bodies and Correlation of TNF-α & IL-2 Levels with Severity of Pemphigus Vulgaris
Authors: Ravikumar Renu , Ramani Pratibha , Sukumaran Gheena , Ramasubramanian Abilasha , Selvam Suganya Panneer 
Published: April 2024

Aim: To quantify the presence of apoptotic bodies in the blood samples of pemphigus vulgaris cases and to correlate levels of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-2 with the disease severity. Materials and Methods: Sera were collected from eight subjects including four patients with pemphigus vulgaris and four from healthy volunteers taken as controls. Patients are divided into two groups, one on regular steroid therapy (1–2 mg per kg per day) for at least 2 weeks, other from untreated patients. The levels of apoptotic bodies were evaluated using flow cytometry and levels of IL-2 and TNF-α were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The mean value of annexin V, propidium iodide, and a combination of both stained cells showed 3.962%, 7.375%, and 8.988%. The mean value of IL-2 and TNF-α are 4.568 and 56.175 pg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: The levels of apoptotic cells increased with the disease progression and also differed between the patients with and without steroidal therapy. The study also shows the increase in levels of TNF-α with increased severity of the disease and also among patients without treatment which in turn correlated with the levels of apoptotic cells. Levels of IL-2 did not show much difference in the levels among the healthy controls and the diseased.
Purification of Iranian bentonite for organoclay synthesis for use in clay–polymer composites
Authors: Shabani Moghaddam Faraz , Ghanbari Hajar , Mirkazemi Seyed Mohammad , Ahmadi Fatemeh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPolymer-based composites modified with organoclay are economically beneficial candidates for a variety of applications. Different types of impurities accompany montmorillonite phases in various bentonites, which impact the quality and cost of organoclays and final composites. To obtain organoclays for clay composite applications, eight Iranian raw bentonites from different geographical locations were selected as the candidates and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Sample IB was chosen due to its high purity and lower cristobalite content than the other samples. It was purified by centrifugation or sedimentation methods using a sodium hexametaphosphate (NaHMP) dispersant. The cation-exchange capacity (CEC) was measured for bentonite before and after purification by sedimentation, and it showed a significant increase from 6.944 to 12.128 eq g–1, confirming successful purification. Organoclays were prepared using purified bentonite (sedimentation method) with two surfactants (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and octadecylamine), and the amount of octadecylamine was optimized. Purified bentonite and organoclay were characterized by XRD, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray fluorescence. The results indicate that most of the impurities were removed after purification, and the interlayer space of organoclays increased to 35 Å in the optimized sample prepared with an amount of octadecylamine that was twice the CEC in purified bentonite. The prepared organoclay was used to improve low-density polyethylene (LDPE) polymer properties. The clay–polymer composite properties were studied by field emission SEM, thermogravimetric analysis and tensile strength tests. The organoclay was fully dispersed in the LDPE matrix and in the sample with 5 wt.% of organoclay, where Ti (the temperature at which 10% of the sample is decomposed) and T50% (the midpoint of degradation) were 17°C and 13°C greater than those of polyethylene, respectively. Additionally, the sample residue with 5 wt.% of organoclay at 600°C was 43.4%. The tensile strength of polyethylene increased from 8.67 to 9.03 MPa in the sample with 4 wt.% of organoclay.
Fluor-rossmanite, □(Al2Li)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F, a new tourmaline supergroup mineral from Malkhan pegmatite field, Western Siberia, Russia
Authors: Kasatkin Anatoly V. , Nestola Fabrizio , Day Maxwell C. , Gorelova Liudmila A. , Škoda Radek , Vereshchagin Oleg S. , Agakhanov Atali A. , Belakovskiy Dmitriy I. , Pamato Martha G. , Cempírek Jan , Yu. Anosov Mikhail 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Fluor-rossmanite, ideally □(Al2Li)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F, is a new mineral of the tourmaline supergroup, found at the Krutaya pegmatite, Malkhan pegmatite field, Zabaykalskiy Krai, Western Siberia, Russia. It forms an intermediate zone up to 3 mm thick in a chemically heterogeneous, concentrically zoned, polychrome tourmaline crystal 3 × 2 cm in size. The new mineral is light pink, transparent with a white streak and a vitreous lustre. It is brittle, with conchoidal fracture. The Mohs hardness is 7. The Dmeas = 3.07(2) g cm–3 and Dcalc = 3.071 g cm–3. Optically, fluor-rossmanite is non-pleochroic, uniaxial (–), ω = 1.647(2) and ɛ = 1.628(2) (589 nm). The empirical formula calculated on the basis of 31 anions (O+OH+F) is: X(□0.46Na0.32Ca0.20Pb0.02)Σ1.00Y(Al1.84Li1.05Mn0.05Fe2+0.02Ti0.02Cr0.01)Σ2.99ZAl6.00T(Si5.79Al0.21)Σ6.00B2.99O27V(OH)3W[F0.44(OH)0.20O0.36]Σ1.00. Fluor-rossmanite is trigonal, R3m; the unit-cell parameters are: a = 15.7951(3), c = 7.08646(17) Å, V = 1531.11(7) Å3 and Z = 3. The crystal structure is refined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data [R = 0.0211 for 1178 unique reflections with I > 2σ(I)]. The new mineral is a ‘fluor-’ species belonging to the X-vacant group of the tourmaline supergroup. The closest end-member compositions of valid tourmaline species are those of rossmanite and fluor-elbaite, to which fluor-rossmanite is related by the substitutions WF– ↔ WOH– and X2□ + YAl3+ ↔ X2Na+ + YLi+, respectively.
Photodynamic impact of curcumin enhanced silver functionalized graphene nanocomposites on Candida virulence
Authors: Balakrishnan Dhivyabharathi , Lee Cheng-I 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCandida species are escalating resistance to conventional antifungal treatments, intensifying their virulence, and obstructing the effectiveness of antifungal medications. Addressing this challenge is essential for effectively managing Candida infections. The overarching objective is to advance the development of more efficient and precise therapies tailored to counter Candida infections. This study focuses on developing antifungal combined drugs using curcumin-enhanced silver-functionalized graphene nanocomposites (Cur-AgrGO) to effectively target key virulence factors of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. glabrata (Candida spp.). The green reduction of graphene oxide (GO) using bioentities and active molecules makes this approach cost-effective and environmentally friendly. The nanocomposites were characterized using various techniques. Combining Cur-AgrGO with photodynamic therapy (PDT) demonstrated effective antifungal and antibiofilm activity with delayed growth and metabolism. The nanocomposites effectively suppressed hyphal transition and reduced key virulence factors, including proteinases, phospholipases, ergosterol levels, and cell membrane integrity. The findings suggest that Cur-AgrGO + PDT has potential as a treatment option for Candida infections. This innovative approach holds promise for treating Candida infections.
Graphical abstract
Latent profiles of fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Barnes Alex , Toson Barbara , Bryant R. V. , Mukherjee Sutapa , Andrews Jane M. , Spizzo Paul , Mountifield Réme 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Fatigue is prevalent in people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and has been associated with IBD activity, sleep quality, depression, and anxiety. This study aimed to identify fatigue profiles or clusters through latent profile analysis.

Methods
An online questionnaire was administered through three tertiary IBD centres, social media and through Crohn’s Colitis Australia. Fatigue was assessed via the Functional assessment of chronic illness measurement system fatigue subscale (FACIT-F), a validated assessment of fatigue and its severity. Validated measures of anxiety, depression, IBD activity and sleep quality were also included. Latent profile analysis was performed including fatigue, sleep quality, active IBD, and depression and anxiety. The relationships between profiles and IBD and demographic data were investigated.

Results
In a cohort of 535 respondents, 77% were female, the median age was 41 years (range 32–52 years), and the majority had Crohn’s disease (62%). Severe fatigue was seen in 62%. Latent profile analysis identified four distinct profiles differing by fatigue score - low fatigue, at-risk profile, active IBD, and a poor mental health profile. Female gender, obesity and opioid usage were associated with higher risk of being in the active IBD and poor mental health profile. Age over 40 was associated with lower risk of being in the poor mental health profile.

Conclusion
Latent profile analysis identifies four classes of fatigue in an IBD cohort with associations with specific risk factors for fatigue along with specific IBD and demographic attributes. This has implications for the classification of fatigue in IBD and treatment algorithms.