bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Driving: A Systematic Approach and Culture Change Yield Improving Results
Authors: McKay Norrie , Corrigan Mark , Turner Lee 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe highest single risk to human life in the oil and gas industry is driving. Industry statistics show that 40% of all recorded fatalities involve driving, by far the biggest killer. There is conclusive evidence that there are many more fatal driving accidents that go unrecorded because of the industry practice of "ring-fencing," which includes not counting fatalities that occur during commuting to and from work.A major oilfield services company, with approximately 40,000 employees, has historically had significant programs addressing driving issues. In a comparison of published data, the company found its personnel had a driving performance markedly better than that in other industries and the public as a whole. By its own measures, the company still suffers, however, from an unacceptable number of "occupational" automotive accidents, and an even more significant number of "nonoccupational" auto accidents.In early 1998, a new approach was introduced based on two key principles:– evolving to a 24 hours/day, 7 days/week safe driving culture, independent of whether or not the driving is work related – a systematic approach rather than individual programs.The paper shows how an eight-element management system model has been applied to managing driving risks and gives practical details of the initiatives undertaken in each element. It concludes by describing how this management system approach affects the company, including the evolution to a 24-hour safety culture, and the progress to date in reducing the number of automotive accidents.
Meeting the Challenge of Potential Deepwater Spills: Cooperative Research Effort Between Industry and Government
Authors: Lane J. S. , LaBelle R. P. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
As offshore oil and natural gas activity moves into deeper water, both industry and regulatory agencies face an increasing challenge to protect the ocean environment from potential oil spills. Due to the high pressure and cold water temperatures found in deepwater, it is harder to predict where, when, or even if potential spills from well blowouts and pipeline will surface at the site of a spill. The physical and chemical forms of oil that may reach the surface from deep water can also be uncertain. This uncertainty has implications for contingency planning, spill trajectory modeling and cleanup options.
Several oil companies and the MMS recognized these concerns related to deepwater development and formed a partnership to cooperatively fund research that addresses them. Since 1998, with the formation of the Deep Spills Task Force, this group has accomplished the following: Funded two related research projects to develop a numerical model and conduct laboratory experiments that will help forecast blowout plume dynamics and oil and natural gas transport from deep water.Involved industry organizations, such as the Offshore Operator's Committee and Deepstar, in workshops to discuss the research aspects of these deepwater development issues.Proposed the formation of a Joint Industry Project, known as "Deep Spill" to calibrate the deepwater blowout model and obtain "real world" information about potential deepwater spills. "Deep Spill" proposes to conduct an experimental release of oil and natural gas off the coast of Norway in June 2000.
The paper discusses the formation of this industry and regulatory agency partnership and the mutual benefits obtained. The paper also provides an overview of the results from the blowout model project and related laboratory experiments, as well as any progress to date on "Deep Spill."
Petroleum Engineering Education: The Road Ahead - A Summary of Major Actions at CPEE 2000
Authors: Lee W. John , Kazemi H. , Blasingame Thomas A. , Allman Rex , Bassiouni Zaki , Bowman Charles H. , Eustes Alfred W. , Green Don W. , Heinze Lloyd R. , Horne Roland N. , Judah Janeen , Miller Mark A. , Numbere Daopu T. , Prado Mauricio G. , Tiedemann Herb 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The Fifth SPE Colloquium on Petroleum Engineering Education (CPEE), held 23–28 July 2000, focused on partnership among industry, education, and government. Attendees determined how each partner can develop the people and technology that the industry will need in the 21st century.
Significantly, the group suggested ways of enhancing interaction between universities and industry by encouraging greater cooperation in identifying and funding research projects that will benefit both. Proposed collaborative efforts among universities, possibly working with government laboratories, could meet some of the growing need as research programs move away from industry settings.
Universities requested assistance from industry in identifying competencies that will serve students leaving academic programs. Included in the continuous feedback industry could provide the schools might be identification of needs for continuing education or distance degree programs, including coursework that would better prepare geoscientists to work in the petroleum industry. In addition, industry could provide data sets from real fields for students to use in capstone design courses. Educators agreed to seek a means for systematic sharing of those data.
Repetitive Stress Injury Prevention - Improving Local Capacity to Mitigate Impacts
Authors: Abifarin O. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
All over the world, e-Business is increasing the use of computer workstations especially in remote oil & gas exploration and production locations where it represents the easiest means of communication with the rest of a larger business function. Chevron Nigeria limited, in this industry, has seen significant increase in computer workstation use from a few workstations in the early 1980s to well over 1000 workstations in the 2000s. This additional growth has resulted in people using significantly longer hours of the normal workday at workstations. In a working culture that predominantly sees workplace injuries as events having immediate impact and clearly visible consequence on the victim, such as falls, lacerations etc repetitive stress injuries (RSI) associated with workstation use departs from this definition. The effects of RSI take a longer period to manifest in the employee, and other none-work related activities are often contributing factors to the injury. The challenge exists for the operator in acceptance by all of RSI as a workplace injury with dilapidating effects on the employee, in the diagnosis and treatment of the RSI, and the proactive management of all factors that can contribute to development of RSI.
Membrane Fouling Control in MBR Process Using Ozone
Authors: Lee Byoungho , Kim Youngseok , Jung Hyungmok , Cho Hongje , Cho Jaeseok 
Published: September 2010

Membrane technology begins to be widely employed in wastewater treatments with several advantages, such as compact system, and excellent treatability of water quality parameters. However, there are still drawbacks in membrane technology, such as high construction cost, high operating cost, and frequent backwash by membrane fouling.
In order to reduce membrane fouling, ozone was applied in MBR (Membrane Bioreactor) system using synthetic wastewater. 0.7mg/l of ozone concentration at which microbial activity and effluent flux was highest was chosen for an optimum dose. It was found that ozone application reduced membrane fouling remarkably. A backwash period was about 2 weeks before ozone application, while it was extended to about 7 months after ozone was applied in MBR process. Not only backwash period was extended for a long period of time, but also removal rates of water quality parameters were enhanced by ozone application in wastewater treatment. Even though ozone was applied for more than 7months, there was no sign of membrane damage.
It was revealed that appropriate ozone application may prevent membrane fouling from microbial activity, so that buildup of head loss may be suppressed, and backwash period may also be extended for a long period of time.
Household Demand for Broadband Internet in 2010
Authors: Rosston Gregory L. , Savage Scott J , Waldman Donald M 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
This paper uses data from a nationwide survey administered during late 2009 and early 2010 to estimate a random utility model of household preferences for broadband Internet service. Reliability and speed are important service characteristics: the representative household is willing to pay $20 per month for more reliable service; $45 for an improvement in speed from slow to fast; and $48 for an improvement in speed from slow to very fast. A representative household would be willing to pay $79 per month for a fast, reliable Internet service. Internet valuations increase with experience, and there has been an estimated two- to three-fold increase in consumer surplus per household between 2003 and 2010. If experience causes increased valuation, targeted programs that educate households about the benefits from broadband, expose households to the broadband experience and/or directly support the initial take-up of broadband have potential to increase overall penetration in the United States.
When Small Firms Fight Back Against Large Firms in R&D Activities
Authors: Matsumura Toshihiro , Matsushima Noriaki 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
This paper investigates an asymmetric duopoly model with R&D competition and product positioning. We find that an inefficient (small) firm may engage in R&D more intensively than an efficient (large) firm in spite of economies of scale in R&D activities. Contrary to the findings of previous studies, competition is more likely to have a positive effect on the investments of the small firm than on those of the large firm. We also find that improving the efficiency of the inefficient firm can reduce both social and consumer surplus.
Comparison of Cystatin C and Creatinine-based Glomerular Filtration Rate Formulas with 51Cr-EDTA Clearance in Patients with Cirrhosis
Authors: Xirouchakis Elias , Marelli Laura , Cholongitas Evangelos , Manousou Pinelopi , Calvaruso Vincenza , Pleguezuelo Maria , Guerrini Gian Piero , Maimone Sergio , Kerry Andrew , Hajjawi Mark , Nair Devaki , Thomas Michael , Patch David , Burroughs Andrew Kenneth 
Published: September 2010

Summary

Background and objectives
Renal function is an important predictor of survival in cirrhosis and liver transplantation. GFR estimates using serum cystatin C (CysC) are proposed as better predictors of renal function than ones on the basis of serum creatinine (Cr). Our aims were: (1) evaluate correlations between serum CysC and different methods of creatinine measurements; (2) compare CysC and Cr GFR formulas with 51Cr-EDTA; and (3) evaluate liver-related parameters potentially influencing GFR.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
254 blood samples in 65 patients with cirrhosis correlating CysC with four Cr methods were used; another 74 patients comparing 51Cr-EDTA GFR to Modification of Diet in Renal Disease and Larsson and Hoek formulas for CysC were also included. Agreement was assessed using Bland-Altman plots and concordance correlation coefficients. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used for GFR predictors.

Results
Serum CysC correlated modestly with O'Leary modified Jaffe, compensated kinetic Jaffe, enzymatic creatinine, and standard kinetic Jaffe 0.72/0.71/0.72/0.72 (all P < 0.001). Bland-Altman agreement with 51Cr-EDTA GFR was poor; the best agreement was Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (concordance 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.71); the worst agreement was the Hoek formula (concordance 0.46; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.61). A new GFR formula including the Child-Pugh score improved the accuracy of Cr GFR formulas compared with 51Cr-EDTA GFR.

Conclusions
Estimated GFR in cirrhosis is not better with CysC formulas compared with creatinine ones: specific formulas may be necessary.
Prognostic Value of Aortic Stiffness and Calcification for Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in Dialysis Patients
Authors: Verbeke Francis , Van Biesen Wim , Honkanen Eero , Wikström Björn , Jensen Per Bruno , Krzesinski Jean-Marie , Rasmussen Merete , Vanholder Raymond , Rensma Pieter L. 
Published: September 2010

Summary

Background and objectives
Radiographic calcification and arterial stiffness each individually are predictive of outcome in dialysis patients. However, it is unknown whether combined assessment of these intermediate endpoints also provides additional predictive value.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Scoring of abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) using plain lateral abdominal x-ray and measurement of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) were performed in a cohort of 1084 prevalent dialysis patients recruited from 47 European dialysis centers.

Results
During a follow-up of 2 years, 234 deaths and 91 nonfatal cardiovascular (CV) events occurred. Compared with the lowest tertile of AAC, the risk of an event was increased by a factor 3.7 in patients with a score of 5 to 15 (middle tertile), and by a factor 8.6 in patients with scores of 16 to 24. Additionally, each 1-m/s increase in PWV was associated with a 15% higher risk. At higher AAC (scores ≥5), the effect of PWV was attenuated because of a negative PWV × AAC interaction (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.895 and 0.865 for middle and upper AAC tertiles). After accounting for age, diabetes, and serum albumin, AAC and PWV remained independent predictors of outcome.

Conclusions
AAC and central arterial stiffness are independent predictors of mortality and nonfatal CV events in dialysis patients. The risk associated with an increased PWV is less pronounced at higher levels of calcification. Assessment of AAC and PWV is feasible in a clinical setting and both may be used for an accurate CV risk estimation in this heterogeneous population.
Temporal lobe epilepsy surgery failures: predictors of seizure recurrence, yield of reevaluation, and outcome following reoperation
Authors: Jehi Lara E. , Silveira Diosely C. , Bingaman William , Najm Imad 
Published: September 2010

Object
The authors provide a systematic analysis of electroclinical characteristics in patients with persistent seizures following temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) surgery and identify ideal candidates for reoperation.

Methods
The authors retrospectively reviewed the records of 68 adult patients (mean follow-up 8.7 years) who underwent a video electroencephalography evaluation and high-resolution imaging after failed TLE surgery performed between 1990 and 2004 at The Cleveland Clinic. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of the yield of a repeat evaluation, location of the recurrence focus, and outcome following reoperation.

Results
Although a focus of recurrence was identified in 44 patients, only 15 underwent reoperation, and only 6 of these became seizure free. Localized foci of recurrence were successfully identified in patients with early (within 1 postoperative year) and frequent (≥ 4 per month) recurrent seizures (yield of 100% if both conditions were fulfilled). Predictors of contiguity of the focus of recurrence to the initial surgical bed were variable depending on the type of the initial surgery: patients with baseline contralateral temporal spiking were 6 times (OR 6.34, p < 0.05) more likely to experience seizure recurrence from the contralateral temporal lobe after a “standard” temporal lobectomy, while the need to use subdural electrodes and the timing of recurrence were more significant following limited temporal resections. The focus of recurrence was distant to the original surgical bed when subdural electrodes were used prior to first surgery (OR 28.0, p = 0.01) or when seizures recurred early (within < 6 postoperative months; OR 12.5, p = 0.04). With reoperation, only patients with mesial and basal extension of the temporal resections became seizure free. Interestingly, seizure freedom was achieved with medical therapy alone in 42% of patients with a nonidentifiable recurrence focus as opposed to 4% of those with an unoperated identifiable focus.

Conclusions
The timing and frequency of recurrent seizures following unsuccessful TLE surgery provide useful guidelines for the yield of a surgical reevaluation, and potentially for the mechanisms of surgical failure.
Complications of cementless total hip replacement
Authors: Lanz O. I. , Werre S. R. , Hummel D. W. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryCementless total hip implants are relatively new to the veterinary market and therefore complication rates and prognostic indicators associated with the procedure have not been thoroughly documented. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of complications and identify prognostic indicators of success or failure for the Zurich cementless total hip replacement (THR). Medical records of 163 dogs that underwent Zurich cementless-THR were reviewed continuous and categorical variables, clinical outcomes and complications were recorded. Complications were separated into intra-operative (IOC), short-term (STC), and long-term (LTC). Bivariate and multivariate statistical analysis was used to compare complications. The clini-cal significance of this study was to provide surgeons with prognostic indicators of success or failure when evaluating prospective Zurich cementless-THR patients, and to report the complication rate of Zurich cementlessTHR. The complication rates of Zurich cementless-THR were then compared to previously-reported complication rates of cemented-THR and other cementless-THR systems. Short-term complications, LTC, and IOC rates of Zurich cementless-THR were found to be 6.75%, 10.4%, and 11.0% respectively. The most common complications were intra-operative femoral fracture, luxation of the implant, and septic loosening of the implant. Increased body weight and prior cemented-THR or fe-moral head and neck ostectomy of the contra-lateral hip were identified as negative prognostic indicators. The overall complication rate identified was greater than those previously reported for other cementless- and cemented-THR systems.
Triple pelvic osteotomy in dogs less than 12 kg in weight
Authors: Beosier Y. M. , Daems R. , Janssens L. A. A. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryTriple pelvic osteotomy (TPO) was used to treat a selected group of young dogs with clinical and radiographic signs of hip dysplasia. Good clinical outcomes have been reported in dogs between 17–85 kg body weight. Hip dysplasia however is also en-countered in smaller dogs. If surgery is performed in smaller dogs, femoral head and neck ostectomy is the main treatment method used. We wanted to determine if TPO could also be used in dogs under 12 kg bodyweight. Our study showed that it is technically possible to perform TPO surgery in dogs less than 12 kg of weight (down to 4.6 kg) with a good clinical outcome even in hips with high angles of reduction and subluxation.
Tibial tuberosity transposition-advancement for treatment of medial patellar luxation and concomitant cranial cruciate ligament disease in the dog
Authors: Fitzpatrick N. , Kowaleski M. P. , Yeadon R. 
Published: September 2010

Summary
Objective: To report surgical technique, morphometric effects and clinical outcomes for tibial tuberosity transposition-advancement (TTTA), sulcoplasty and para-patellar fascial imbrication for management of concomitant medial patellar luxation (MPL) and cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) disease in 32 dogs.
Study design: Case series.
Methods: A previous technique for tibial tuberosity advancement was modified to incorporate lateral and distal tibial tuberosity transposition. Preoperative, immediate, and six to eight week postoperative radiographs were reviewed with morphometry of a range of tibial and stifle anatomic parameters. Findings of sequential clinical examinations to six to 20 months postoperatively were recorded.
Results: Thirty-nine stifles were treated by surgery. Medial patellar luxation grade ranged from II to IV/IV. The CCL rupture was complete in 17/39 stifles, and incomplete in 22/39. Complications occurred in 11/39 stifles including MPL recurrence (n = 4). Resolution of subjectively-assessed lameness occurred in 29/39 stifles at the six to eight week assessment. Resolution of lameness was eventually documented in 35/39 stifles (4/39 lost to follow-up), and was maintained at the six to 20 month reassessment where available. The TTTA induced relative patella baja in 31/39 stifles. Magnitude of actual tibial tuberosity advancement was lower than that predicted by cage size.
Clinical significance: Tibial tuberosity transposition-advancement is a potential treatment modality for concomitant CCL disease and MPL in the dog, but refinement of planning is required, while biomechanical and kinematic effects remain unknown.
Unusual patterns of hybridization involving a narrow endemicRhododendronspecies (Ericaceae) in Yunnan, China
Authors: Ma Yongpeng , Milne Richard I. , Zhang Changqin , Yang Junbo 
Published: September 2010

•Premise of the study: One potential threat to rare species is genetic swamping caused by hybridization, but few studies have quantified this threat.Rhododendron cyanocarpumis a narrow endemic species that occurs sympatrically with potentially interfertile congeners throughout its range within Yunnan, China. We searched the entire distribution ofR. cyanocarpumfor hybrids and examined the patterns of hybridization to assess potential threat from hybridization.•Methods: In a comprehensive field survey, we detected only one instance of hybridization involvingR. cyanocarpum, withR. delavayi, at Huadianba near Dali. Material of both species and putative hybrids was examined using morphology, chloroplast DNA, nuclear ribosomal DNA, and Bayesian analysis of AFLP profiles.•Key results: Of 10 putative hybrids, two were F1’s and at least seven were F2’s. Four backcrosses toR. delavayiwere detected among material withR. delavayi‐like morphology within the hybrid zone. Backcrosses toR. cyanocarpumwere not detected. Therefore F2’s outnumbered all other classes within the hybrid zone, a situation not previously confirmed for plants and extremely rare generally. Hybridization was asymmetrical, withR. delavayias the maternal parent in all but one of the hybrids detected.•Conclusions: Although natural hybridization is common inRhododendron, it is rare inR. cyanocarpumand is apparently not accompanied by backcrossing towardR. cyanocarpum. Hence, there is no immediate risk of genetic swamping, unless habitat disturbance increases and changes the patterns of hybridization. Our study is the first to report a plant hybrid zone dominated by F2hybrids. This pattern might contribute to species barrier maintenance.