bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual Orientation and Cervical Cancer Screening Among Cisgender Women
Authors: Baumann Kelley , Matzke Hannah , Peterson Caryn E. , Geller Stacie , Flores Rey , Prachand Nikhil G. , Holt Hunter K. 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceLesbian, gay, and bisexual populations face barriers accessing health care in Chicago, Illinois.ObjectiveTo describe the prevalence of up-to-date cervical cancer screening among lesbian, gay, and bisexual vs heterosexual cisgender women in Chicago.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective, cross-sectional, population-based study of cisgender women residing in Chicago was completed from 2020 to 2022 using data from the Healthy Chicago Survey, which is conducted annually by the Chicago Department of Public Health. Participants included cisgender women aged 25 to 64 years with no history of hysterectomy. Respondents who self-identified as lesbian, gay, or bisexual or other than straight, lesbian, or bisexual were coded as lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB). Respondents who self-identified as straight were coded as heterosexual. Those who reported having a Papanicolaou test within the past 3 years were considered up-to-date with cervical cancer screening. Data analysis was performed from June to October 2023.ExposuresThe primary exposure was sexual orientation. Covariates included age, income level, race, ethnicity, having a primary care practitioner (PCP), and insurance coverage.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrevalence ratios (PRs), log-based regression models, and interaction analysis were used to describe the association of sexual orientation with up-to-date screening.ResultsThe sample included 5167 cisgender women (447 LGB and 4720 heterosexual), aged 25 to 64 years, with no history of hysterectomy. Among LGB cisgender women, 318 (71.14%) reported previous cervical cancer screening compared with 3632 (76.95%) heterosexual cisgender women. The prevalence of up-to-date screening was 10% lower in the LGB group compared with the heterosexual group (PR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82-1.00). In regression analysis, having a PCP (PR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.29-1.59) was associated with up-to-date screening. In interaction analysis, LGB cisgender women with a PCP were 93% more likely to be up-to-date compared with those without a PCP (PR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.37-2.72).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of cervical cancer screening rates between the heterosexual and LGB populations in Chicago, up-to-date cervical cancer screening was associated with having a PCP, regardless of sexual orientation, but this association was greater for LGB individuals. Although LGB populations were less likely to be screened, this disparity may be reduced with more consistent health care access and established care with PCPs.
Effectiveness of Personalized Hippocampal Network–Targeted Stimulation in Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Jung Young Hee , Jang Hyemin , Park Sungbeen , Kim Hee Jin , Seo Sang Won , Kim Guk Bae , Shon Young-Min , Kim Sungshin , Na Duk L. 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has emerged as a safe and promising intervention for Alzheimer disease (AD).ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of a 4-week personalized hippocampal network–targeted rTMS on cognitive and functional performance, as well as functional connectivity in AD.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis randomized clinical trial, which was sham-controlled and masked to participants and evaluators, was conducted between May 2020 and April 2022 at a single Korean memory clinic. Eligible participants were between ages 55 and 90 years and had confirmed early AD with evidence of an amyloid biomarker. Participants who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to receive hippocampal network–targeted rTMS or sham stimulation. Participants received 4-week rTMS treatment, with assessment conducted at weeks 4 and 8. Data were analyzed between April 2022 and January 2024.InterventionsEach patient received 20 sessions of personalized rTMS targeting the left parietal area, functionally connected to the hippocampus, based on fMRI connectivity analysis over 4 weeks. The sham group underwent the same procedure, excluding actual magnetic stimulation. A personalized 3-dimensional printed frame to fix the TMS coil to the optimal target site was produced.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the change in the AD Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale test (ADAS-Cog) after 8 weeks from baseline. Secondary outcomes included changes in the Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes (CDR-SOB) and Seoul-Instrumental Activity Daily Living (S-IADL) scales, as well as resting-state fMRI connectivity between the hippocampus and cortical areas.ResultsAmong 30 participants (18 in the rTMS group; 12 in the sham group) who completed the 8-week trial, the mean (SD) age was 69.8 (9.1) years; 18 (60%) were female. As the primary outcome, the change in ADAS-Cog at the eighth week was significantly different between the rTMS and sham groups (coefficient [SE], −5.2 [1.6]; P = .002). The change in CDR-SOB (−4.5 [1.4]; P = .007) and S-IADL (1.7 [0.7]; P = .004) were significantly different between the groups favoring rTMS groups. The fMRI connectivity analysis revealed that rTMS increased the functional connectivity between the hippocampus and precuneus, with its changes associated with improvements in ADAS-Cog (r = −0.57; P = .005).Conclusions and RelevanceThis randomized clinical trial demonstrated the positive effects of rTMS on cognitive and functional performance, and the plastic changes in the hippocampal-cortical network. Our results support the consideration of rTMS as a potential treatment for AD.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04260724
Error detection for radiotherapy planning validation based on deep learning networks
Authors: Liu Shupeng , Ma Jianhui , Tang Fan , Liang Yuqi , Li Yanning , Li Zihao , Wang Tingting , Zhou Meijuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundQuality assurance (QA) of patient‐specific treatment plans for intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) necessitates prior validation. However, the standard methodology exhibits deficiencies and lacks sensitivity in the analysis of positional dose distribution data, leading to difficulties in accurately identifying reasons for plan verification failure. This issue complicates and impedes the efficiency of QA tasks.PurposeThe primary aim of this research is to utilize deep learning algorithms for the extraction of 3D dose distribution maps and the creation of a predictive model for error classification across multiple machine models, treatment methodologies, and tumor locations.MethodWe devised five categories of validation plans (normal, gantry error, collimator error, couch error, and dose error), conforming to tolerance limits of different accuracy levels and employing 3D dose distribution data from a sample of 94 tumor patients. A CNN model was then constructed to predict the diverse error types, with predictions compared against the gamma pass rate (GPR) standard employing distinct thresholds (3%, 3 mm; 3%, 2 mm; 2%, 2 mm) to evaluate the model's performance. Furthermore, we appraised the model's robustness by assessing its functionality across diverse accelerators.ResultsThe accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 scores of CNN model performance were 0.907, 0.925, 0.907, and 0.908, respectively. Meanwhile, the performance on another device is 0.900, 0.918, 0.900, and 0.898. In addition, compared to the GPR method, the CNN model achieved better results in predicting different types of errors.ConclusionWhen juxtaposed with the GPR methodology, the CNN model exhibits superior predictive capability for classification in the validation of the radiation therapy plan on different devices. By using this model, the plan validation failures can be detected more rapidly and efficiently, minimizing the time required for QA tasks and serving as a valuable adjunct to overcome the constraints of the GPR method.
Real Time and Highly Sensitive Sub‐Wavelength 2D Hybrid Perovskite Photodetectors
Authors: Mastria Rosanna , Riisnaes Karl Jonas , Bacon Agnes , Leontis Ioannis , Lam Hoi Tung , Alshehri Mohammed Ali Saleh , Colridge David , Chan Tsz Hin Edmund , De Sanctis Adolfo , De Marco Luisa , Polimeno Laura , Coriolano Annalisa , Moliterni Anna , Olieric Vincent , Giannini Cinzia , Hepplestone Steven , Craciun Monica Felicia , Russo Saverio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLayered (2D) perovskites are an emerging attractive 2D system with enhanced stability to ambient conditions as opposed to their highly unstable three dimensional bulk counterpart. Their uniquely tuneable optical and electrical properties are underpinning a surge of interest in 2D‐photovoltaics. So far, the development of nano‐scale integrated opto‐electronic 2D perovskite devices remains nearly unexplored since they have generally been found to be incompatible with standard top‐down semiconductor nano‐fabrication technologies. Here, following the synthesis of solvent‐stable 2D‐fluorinated phenethylammonium lead iodide perovskite (F‐PEA)2PbI4 (F‐PEAI), planar photodetectors entirely fabricated in atmosphere is demonstrated, exhibiting figures of merit rivalling those of commercial silicon photodiodes. A record large room temperature detectivity (>5 × 1017 Jones), a fast time photoresponse (rise time 1.5 ns), an extraordinarily large linear dynamic range (228 dB), as well as a photo‐responsivity of ≈ 1100 AW−1 are demonstrated for devices on a range of substrates including flexible wearable media without the need for any planarization or any atomically thin dielectric, in stark contrast to other 2D semiconductors. Finally, the suitability of nano‐scale 2D F‐PEAI photodetector arrays with sub‐wavelength pixel size of just 100 nm of use for high definition imaging is demonstrated.
Collective Synergistic Catalysis of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction on Nonstoichiometric Double Perovskites
Authors: Wang Zhongxu , Wang Yue , Jin Zongzi , Tong Yongcheng , Li Chen , Peng Ranran , Wang Chengwei , Chen Chusheng , Tong Xiaofeng , Zhan Zhongliang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPerovskite oxides show great promise as an alternative catalyst to the conventional nickel cermets for CO2 reduction reactions (CO2RR) in solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) owing to their advantages of redox stability and coking resistance. Nevertheless, practical applications of these oxides are prevented largely by their poor CO2RR activities. Herein, a novel donor and acceptor co‐doped nonstoichiometric double perovskite, La0.3Sr1.55Fe1.5Ni0.1Mo0.4O6−δ (LSFNM), is developed with in situ exsolved FeNi3 nanoparticles to efficiently catalyze CO2RR in SOECs. Pure CO2 electrolysis over the impregnated FeNi3@LSFNM catalysts is evaluated on two types of SOECs—one with thin (ZrO2)0.89(Sc2O3)0.1(CeO2)0.01 (SSZ) electrolytes supported on 430L alloys and the other with thin La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3−δ (LSGM) electrolytes supported on impregnated SmBa0.5Sr0.5Co2O5+δ (SBSCO)@LSGM anodes, producing unprecedently high current densities of 2.84 A cm−2 for the former and 3.07 A cm−2 for the latter at 1.5 V and 800 °C. Experimental analysis and density‐functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal collective synergistic catalysis of oxygen vacancies (), the doping Ni2+ ions and FeNi3 nanoparticles via the cooperative ‐O(CO2), and Ni(II)–C(sp) and Ni(0)–O(CO2) interactions in LSFNM, not only facilitating CO2 chemisorption on oxygen vacancies but also destabilizing and dissociating surface carbonates in the vicinity of FeNi3 spontaneously into CO.
Heterostructured Catalytic Materials as Advanced Electrocatalysts: Classification, Synthesis, Characterization, and Application
Authors: Wu Xu , Yan Qiong , Wang Hao , Wu Deyu , Zhou Heng , Li Hui , Yang Song , Ma Tianyi , Zhang Heng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe proactive exploration of electrocatalytic conversion for renewable energy valorization is of tremendous significance in addressing the issues of fossil energy exhaustion, among which the critical challenge of electrocatalysis lies in the rational design of efficient electrocatalysts that are rich in the earth. Among electrocatalysts, the design of heterostructured materials exhibits immense potential for the optimization of noble metals and elaboration of non‐precious metal electrocatalysts with durability. In this review, a systematic overview of modern advances in heterostructured electrocatalysts for a range of energy conversion reactions is described, and special interfacial design brings additional functional effects. Subsequently, various synthesis methods and characterization techniques for heterostructured electrocatalysts are also summarized. The innovative classification of heterostructures in methods of interfacial junction, crystal structure, structural morphology, and properties of the components is presented in this review. Finally, the possible challenges and outlooks of heterostructured electrocatalysts in the future are further discussed, including how to develop more sophisticated synthesis, characterization, and theoretical calculation methods, which will serve as the guiding direction for a more rational interface design. This review aims to set the trajectory for providing meaningful inspiration and references in energy conversion by heterostructured electrocatalysts, advancing the process of carbon neutrality.
Human Serum Albumin Mediated Controllable Synthesis of Defect‐Rich Copper Hydroxide Nanowire for Cuproptosis‐Based Anti‐Tumor Therapy
Authors: Man Ruiyang , Xia Mingchao , Li Hanxiang , Tian Fenghui , Zhang Jinghao , Yu Zhengze , Tang Bo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCuproptosis, as a newly identified form of programmed cell death, shows great promise in cancer treatment. Efficient Cu+ delivery while avoiding systemic toxicity and elimination of the resistance from over‐expressed intracellular copper chelator glutathione (GSH) are critical for cuproptosis. Herein, this work innovatively constructs a biocompatible and defect‐rich copper hydroxide nanowire (HCu nanowire) through a human serum albumin (HSA) mediated biomineralization method. This work finds that the morphology and size of HCu nanowires can be controlled adjusted by the feed ratio of HSA and Cu2+. Remarkably, except for outstanding biocompatibility, HSA coordination endows HCu nanowires abundant oxygen vacancies (OVs), and the defect‐rich HCu nanowire possesses excellent GSH consumption efficiency. Density functional theory studies indicate that OVs change GSH absorption energy on defective HCu nanowires. In cancer cells, HCu nanowires deplete GSH and simultaneously produce sufficient free Cu+ for enhanced cuproptosis. Meanwhile, Cu+ can catalyze endogenous H2O2 into hydroxyl radicals (·OH) via a Fenton‐like reaction. Thus, synergetic cuproptosis and ROS mediated apoptosis against tumor are achieved. The experimental results show that HCu nanowires have a better performance in both antitumor efficiency and safety compared with chemotherapeutic drug Dox at the same dose, demonstrating its great potential in clinical applications.
Perovskite Colloidal Nanocrystal Solar Cells: Current Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Yang Wenqiang , Jo Seung‐Hyeon , Lee Tae‐Woo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of polycrystalline perovskite (PVK) solar cells (SCs) (PC‐PeSCs) have rapidly increased. However, PC‐PeSCs are intrinsically unstable without encapsulation, and their efficiency drops during large‐scale production; these problems hinder the commercial viability of PeSCs. Stability can be increased by using colloidal PVK nanocrystals (c‐PeNCs), which have high surface strains, low defect density, and exceptional crystal quality. The use of c‐PeNCs separates the crystallization process from the film formation process, which is preponderant in large‐scale fabrication. Consequently, the use of c‐PeNCs has substantial potential to overcome challenges encountered when fabricating PC‐PeSCs. Research on colloidal nanocrystal‐based PVK SCs (NC‐PeSCs) has increased their PCEs to a level greater than those of other quantum‐dot SCs, but has not reached the PCEs of PC‐PeSCs; this inferiority significantly impedes widespread application of NC‐PeSCs. This review first introduces the distinctive properties of c‐PeNCs, then the strategies that have been used to achieve high‐efficiency NC‐PeSCs. Then it discusses in detail the persisting challenges in this domain. Specifically, the major challenges and solutions for NC‐PeSCs related to low short‐circuit current density Jsc are covered. Last, the article presents a perspective on future research directions and potential applications in the realm of NC‐PeSCs.
Gate‐Tunable Positive and Negative Photoconductance in Near‐Infrared Organic Heterostructures for In‐Sensor Computing
Authors: Xu Yunqi , Xu Xiaolu , Huang Ying , Tian Ye , Cheng Miao , Deng Junyang , Xie Yifan , Zhang Yanqin , Zhang Panpan , Wang Xinhua , Wang Zhongrui , Li Mengmeng , Li Ling , Liu Ming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe rapid growth of sensor data in the artificial intelligence often causes significant reductions in processing speed and power efficiency. Addressing this challenge, in‐sensor computing is introduced as an advanced sensor architecture that simultaneously senses, memorizes, and processes images at the sensor level. However, this is rarely reported for organic semiconductors that possess inherent flexibility and tunable bandgap. Herein, an organic heterostructure that exhibits a robust photoresponse to near‐infrared (NIR) light is introduced, making it ideal for in‐sensor computing applications. This heterostructure, consisting of partially overlapping p‐type and n‐type organic thin films, is compatible with conventional photolithography techniques, allowing for high integration density of up to 520 devices cm−2 with a 5 µm channel length. Importantly, by modulating gate voltage, both positive and negative photoresponses to NIR light (1050 nm) are attained, which establishes a linear correlation between responsivity and gate voltage and consequently enables real‐time matrix multiplication within the sensor. As a result, this organic heterostructure facilitates efficient and precise NIR in‐sensor computing, including image processing and nondestructive reading and classification, achieving a recognition accuracy of 97.06%. This work serves as a foundation for the development of reconfigurable and multifunctional NIR neuromorphic vision systems.
Atto‐Scale Noise Near‐Infrared Organic Photodetectors Enabled by Controlling Interfacial Energetic Offset through Enhanced Anchoring Ability
Authors: Kim Tae Hyuk , Lee Ji Hyeon , Jang Min Ho , Lee Gyeong Min , Shim Eun Soo , Oh Seunghyun , Saeed Muhammad Ahsan , Lee Min Jong , Yu Byoung‐Soo , Hwang Do Kyung , Park Chae Won , Lee Sae Youn , Jo Jea Woong , Shim Jae Won 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe near‐infrared (NIR) sensor technology is crucial for various applications such as autonomous driving and biometric tracking. Silicon photodetectors (SiPDs) are widely used in NIR applications; however, their scalability is limited by their crystalline properties. Organic photodetectors (OPDs) have attracted attention for NIR applications owing to their scalability, low‐temperature processing, and notably low dark current density (JD), which is similar to that of SiPDs. However, the still high JD (at NIR band) and few measurements of noise equivalent powers (NEPs) pose challenges for accurate performance comparisons. This study addresses these issues by quantitatively characterizing the performance matrix and JD generation mechanism using electron‐blocking layers (EBLs) in OPDs. The energy offset at an EBL/photosensitive layer interface determines the thermal activation energy and directly affects JD. A newly synthesized EBL (3PAFBr) substantially enhances the interfacial energy barrier by forming a homogeneous contact owing to the improved anchoring ability of 3PAFBr. As a result, the OPD with 3PAFBr yields a noise current of 852 aA (JD = 12.3 fA cm⁻2 at V → −0.1 V) and several femtowatt‐scale NEPs. As far as it is known, this is an ultralow of JD in NIR OPDs. This emphasizes the necessity for quantitative performance characterization.
Accessing SuFExable Cyclobutane‐Fused Indolines via Photocatalytic Intermolecular [2+2] Cycloaddition of Indoles
Authors: Wei Rongbiao , Pei Guanhua , Huang Yao , Liao Saihu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIndoline‐fused polycycles are commonly found as a key structural component in numerous natural products and biologically active compounds. In recent times, the incorporation of sulfonyl fluoride groups has drawn significant attention in research due to their potential to enhance or confer new biological activities to molecules. In this study, we report the development of a modular approach for synthesizing FSO2‐functionalized cyclobutane‐fused indolines by employing an intermolecular [2+2] cycloaddition reaction between indoles and SuFExable ethenesulfonyl fluoride under triplet energy‐transfer catalysis. This method features mild reaction conditions, metal‐free photocatalysts, and excellent tolerance to various functional groups. Moreover, we demonstrate the feasibility of further modifying the FSO2‐functionalized indoline products via SuFEx click reactions, enabling their conjugation with other molecules.
Ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2for Analog Memory and In‐Memory Computing Applications Down to Deep Cryogenic Temperatures
Authors: Bohuslavskyi Heorhii , Grigoras Kestutis , Ribeiro Mário , Prunnila Mika , Majumdar Sayani 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLow‐power nonvolatile memories operating down to deep cryogenic temperatures are important for a large spectrum of applications from high‐performance computing, electronics interfacing quantum computing hardware to space‐based electronics. Despite the potential of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2(HZO), thanks to its compatibility with complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) back‐end‐of‐line processing, only few studies of HZO‐based memory devices down to cryogenic operation temperatures exist. Here, analog ferroelectric memory stack fabrication with 10 nm HZO and their detailed characterization under wide range of pulse amplitudes and frequencies down to 4 K are reported. When operated at temperatures below 100 K, HZO devices can support high amplitude voltage pulses, yielding record highProf up to 75µC cm−2at ±7 Vp(14 Vpp) pulse amplitudes accompanied with frequency‐dependent memory window between 6 and 8 V. Devices show excellent endurance exceeding 109cycles of ±5 Vp(10 Vpp) andProf 30 µC cm−2without significant degradation of coercive voltages or loss of polarization at cryogenic temperatures. At least 20 reproducible analog states for temperatures below 100 K with almost ideal linearity of intermediate polarization states in both pulse directions is observed, demonstrating the high potential of analog cryogenic ferroelectric memories, essential for on‐line training in in‐memory‐computing architecture.