bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gene flow throughout the evolutionary history of a colour polymorphic and generalist clownfish
Authors: Schmid Sarah , Bachmann Salvy Marianne , Garcia Jimenez Alberto , Bertrand Joris A. M. , Cortesi Fabio , Heim Sara , Huyghe Filip , Litsios Glenn , Marcionetti Anna , O'Donnell James L. , Riginos Cynthia , Tettamanti Valerio , Salamin Nicolas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEven seemingly homogeneous on the surface, the oceans display high environmental heterogeneity across space and time. Indeed, different soft barriers structure the marine environment, which offers an appealing opportunity to study various evolutionary processes such as population differentiation and speciation. Here, we focus on Amphiprion clarkii (Actinopterygii; Perciformes), the most widespread of clownfishes that exhibits the highest colour polymorphism. Clownfishes can only disperse during a short pelagic larval phase before their sedentary adult lifestyle, which might limit connectivity among populations, thus facilitating speciation events. Consequently, the taxonomic status of A. clarkii has been under debate. We used whole‐genome resequencing data of 67 A. clarkii specimens spread across the Indian and Pacific Oceans to characterize the species' population structure, demographic history and colour polymorphism. We found that A. clarkii spread from the Indo‐Pacific Ocean to the Pacific and Indian Oceans following a stepping‐stone dispersal and that gene flow was pervasive throughout its demographic history. Interestingly, colour patterns differed noticeably among the Indonesian populations and the two populations at the extreme of the sampling distribution (i.e. Maldives and New Caledonia), which exhibited more comparable colour patterns despite their geographic and genetic distances. Our study emphasizes how whole‐genome studies can uncover the intricate evolutionary past of wide‐ranging species with diverse phenotypes, shedding light on the complex nature of the species concept paradigm.
Influence of egg density on larval development and adult body size of cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis)
Authors: Zellner Piper N. , Brown Lisa D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFleas (Siphonaptera) are holometabolous insects with larval and adult stages that exhibit vastly different ecologies from each other. Adult fleas are parasitic and feed exclusively on the blood of a vertebrate host, whereas flea larvae do not live on hosts and consume dried faecal blood from adult fleas. Because flea larvae rely on adult flea faeces for food, excrement and eggs must fall in the same location; thus, larval density is likely high in these restricted habitats. However, the influence of larval density on the subsequent adult stage has not been examined. In the present study, we utilized egg density to investigate density‐dependent effects on larval development and adult body size in the cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis Bouché) (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae). Specifically, eggs were collected to create three different larval densities (n = 50, 100 and 150 per 56.7 cm2), and hatched larvae from all groups were fed an excess amount of adult faecal pellets. Larval development was measured by recording the proportion of eggs that developed to the pupal stage and the proportion of eggs that reached adulthood (eclosion). The body size of eclosed adults was quantified for both sexes using head length and length of the total body. We found that the number of eggs had no effect on the proportion of larvae that pupated or the proportion of larvae that eclosed; however, higher egg densities resulted in larger body sizes for both sexes. Overall, these data yield significant insight into how the ecology of larval fleas impacts the biology of the resultant adults.
A patient with neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease developed encephalitis‐like symptoms after cerebral angiography
Authors: Koide Shin , Tsuboguchi Shintaro , Koide Shingo , Ninomiya Itaru , Saito Taiki , Ishiguro Takanobu , Saji Etsuji , Higuchi Yo , Ikeuchi Takeshi , Oishi Makoto , Kanazawa Masato , Onodera Osamu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPatients with neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) can present with encephalitis‐like symptoms such as recurrent paroxysmal fever and unconsciousness. To date, no specific triggers for these symptoms have been reported. In our case, an 78‐year‐old woman became unconscious and developed fever after cerebral angiography. The patient had experienced four episodes of unconsciousness and fever in the past 7 years. Postangiography, she immediately became unconscious and developed fever. No vascular abnormalities were found and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed expanding white matter lesions and hyperintense lesions along the corticomedullary junction. Genetic analysis revealed an abnormal GGC repeat expansion in NOTCH2NLC. Thus, we diagnosed the patient with NIID. We suggest that cerebral angiography is a possible trigger for encephalitis‐like symptoms in NIID.
Perceived threat, compassion, and public evaluations toward refugees
Authors: Erisen Cengiz , Uysal Duygu Merve 
Published: June 2024

AbstractScholarly research on emotions tackles various domains, among which opposition to immigration ranks as socially and politically critical. While earlier literature captures distinct aspects of this domain, certain emotions are less studied than others, primarily compassion. By focusing on the unique role of compassion in comparison with anger and anxiety, we tackle how and under which conditions compassion changes social distancing and political preferences regarding refugees. Drawing on representative data collected in Turkey—the country with the highest number of Syrian refugees—we test whether feelings of compassion toward refugees can hold back the escalation in opposition to immigration as a result of heightened threat. Our results show that compassion functions as the key to lowering the negative effects of perceived threat in shaping refugees' social and political integration.
Deferral of blood donors who have ever stayed in a Trypanosoma cruzi endemic area: An international survey
Authors: Lewin Antoine , Tonnetti Laura , Renaud Christian , Drews Steven J. , Bloch Evan M. , O'Brien Sheila F. ,   the Parasite and Surveillance Risk Assessment and Policy Subgroups of the ISBT Working Party on Transfusion‐Transmitted Infectious Diseases
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTrypanosoma cruzi is the etiologic agent of Chagas disease (CD), an anthropozoonosis from the American continent that progresses from an acute phase to an indeterminate phase, followed by a chronic symptomatic phase in around 30% of patients. In countries where T. cruzi is not endemic, many blood transfusion services test blood donors who have stayed in an endemic country (‘at‐risk stay’)—even if they do not present with other risk factors. However, the efficiency of this approach has been questioned.Materials and MethodsOn 18 September 2023, a worldwide survey was distributed among employees of blood transfusion services. The questions mainly pertained to CD's endemicity in the blood services' region, the current testing policy for T. cruzi and the number of confirmed positive results among donors with a prior at‐risk stay alone (i.e., without other risk factors for T. cruzi infection).ResultsTwenty‐six recipients completed the survey. Of the 22 (84.6%) blood services that operated in a non‐endemic region, 9 (42.9%) tested donors for T. cruzi, including 8 (88.9%) that considered the travel history or the duration of the stay (alone) in their testing algorithm (‘study blood services’). Over 93 years of observation among all study blood services, 2 donations from donors with an at‐risk stay alone and 299 from those with other risk factors were confirmed positive for T. cruzi.ConclusionThe study findings question the utility of testing blood donors who have stayed in an endemic country without other risk factors.
A Robotic System With a Bendable Catheter for Laparoendoscopic Single Site Surgery
Authors: Hu Zhenxuan , Li Jinhua , Liu Xingchi , Wang Shuxin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Robotic laparoendoscopic single site surgery (LESS) is emerging as a hot research topic with the advancement of robotics. However, the movement of the rigid catheter inserted through a fixed incision into the patient's body cavity is constrained to a conical workspace, and the surgical instruments introduced through channels in the catheter can hardly perform necessary operations when the target tissue is close to the boundary of this workspace. In this paper, we present a novel robotic system for LESS with a bendable catheter. The diameter of the bendable catheter is 30 mm and the length is 22 mm. The bendable portion of the catheter provides two degrees-of-freedom (DOF) within the body cavity and can be bent up to 45 deg. The system consists of two continuum instruments with 6DOF and a three-dimensional endoscope with 5DOF. System design, kinematic analysis, and teleoperation algorithm are introduced in detail. The simulation shows that the catheter centerline can be oriented toward the target tissue over a large area, thus providing a better initial position for the surgical instruments and enlarging the workspace of the instruments. Preliminary experiments are performed to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed system. The results prove the applicability of the system in LESS.
Intriguing Brownian Diffusivity Characteristics of Complex Nanoparticles
Authors: Bhattacharya Sukalyan , Fossi Paula C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This article reveals how apparently similar looking nanoparticles with same size, shape, and mass may exhibit widely varying Brownian diffusivity due to inherent features of nanoscale dynamics. Such variabilities may, in certain cases, reach order of magnitude fluctuations depending on the interfacial and bulk properties of the Brownian body. Accordingly, the theory explains several unanswered questions in connection to submicron systems including anomalous thermal properties of nanofluids and strangely varying transmittivities of biologically originated particulate droplets.
Hydrogen Powered Rail Traction Technology Review - The Pathways to Reduce the Rail Environmental Footprint
Authors: Barbosa Fábio C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The rail sector, despite still having one of the lowest carbon footprints in the transport segment, is strongly committed with the world Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction efforts. To do so, there are multiple pathways, with one of the most effective option being the use of renewable hydrogen fuel for propulsion.
Following the rapid and intensive development of alternative traction and fuel technologies in other transport modes, mainly within the heavy duty road sector and the associated technological spillover, the hydrogen fueled internal combustion engines (H2ICE) and the hydrogen fuel cell (H2FC) systems have been set as important technologies to reduce the rail sector environmental footprint.
The H2ICE technology relies on the already mature and commercially available heavy duty internal combustion engine technological platform, which thermochemically converts the fuel energy into thermal energy for power generation. The H2 ICE have no carbon emissions, with just nitrogen oxides (NOx), emitted due to high-temperature hydrogen combustion with air and trace amounts of hydrocarbons (from the lubricating oil). The H2FC technology, in its turn, relies on an electrochemical reaction, in which the molecular hydrogen reacts with oxygen, producing electric energy, as well as water and heat as byproducts.
The main advantages of the H2ICE drivetrains are the reliance on the well proven and mature ICE technology, the great tolerance to fuel impurities and the low use of scarce materials, which ultimately might set them as a carbon-neutral bridging solution towards zero carbon rail powertrains. The H2FC powertrain, on the other hand, besides being an infant technology, also requires minimum levels of hydrogen purity, as well as the use of rare materials (such as the platinum for catalyst). Moreover, it also has inferior durability, compared to the ICE.
Besides the powertrain related topics, both technologies face the hydrogen production and onboard storage challenges, which might be properly addressed to make feasible the transition from fossil (diesel) fuel to hydrogen fueled rail powertrains.
This work, presents a review of the hydrogen fueled rail traction technologies, based on the public available data from technical papers and journals, showing the technology’s current status, as well as the technological required improvement pathways.
Simulation-Based Framework to Evaluate the Accident Performance of Novel Railroad Tank Cars
Authors: Gharzouzi Paul , Kirkpatrick Steven W. , Iannacone Leandro , Gardoni Paolo , Lin Chen-Yu , Treichel Todd , Barkan Chris P. L. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Designing safe tank cars carrying hazardous materials is necessary for effective and reliable operations of freight railroad transportation. Despite the increasing research efforts over the past 15 years to achieve such an objective, there are still many questions and challenges. This paper focuses on the assessment of the safety of novel railroad tank cars under general impact conditions in train accidents. This paper presents a simulation-based analytical framework to evaluate the accident performance of railroad tank cars under various rolling stock and operating environment features. The framework is based on a high-fidelity finite element (FE) model that captures the essential accident characteristics of trains in a derailment. The FE model includes key input parameters that can affect the derailment behavior of railcars, such as ground friction, embankment grade, and braking time. The model is validated with actual train derailments to ensure its accuracy and practicality. In addition, the framework leverages data collected from the physical testing of tank cars and insights obtained from statistical analyses of historical train derailments. As such, the framework enables a more accurate evaluation of the risk and performance of tank cars during derailments. Whether for existing or new trains, metrics such as the expected number of cars derailed, the conditional probability of tank car release, and the peak impact force during train derailments can be obtained using this framework. As an illustration, the proposed simulation-based framework is used to evaluate the three real-case train derailments.
Why CBTC at Metro?: A Technical Case Study
Authors: Hofbauer John , Sundaram Narayana 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Next-Generation Signaling (NextGen) Program will replace the existing Metrorail train control system with a state-of-the-art Communications-Based Train Control (CBTC) system and potentially introduce Platform Screen Doors (PSDs). NextGen is a transformative program, bringing CBTC improvements to the entire future fleet of railcars, PSDs to platform edges, and upgrades in the Metro Integrated Command & Communications Center (MICC).
The NextGen program is aimed at achieving several of Metro’s goals outlined in the agency’s Strategic Transformation Plan (STP) targeted at improving service excellence, creating regional partnerships and sustainability. The program’s goals are to provide the operations team and our customers with improved reliability, safety, capacity, and reduce long term maintenance costs associated with the train control system. The challenges of the current ATC system are: track circuit failures due to dissimilar rail, traction power return system, failing and obsolete components, cabling etc. CBTC will introduce concepts of new engineering solutions which are modular and provide design redundancy. This evolving technology can provide improved maintenance functionality that reports degraded communications, centralized architecture, improved performance under low adhesion conditions, and reduced trip times using granular speed control. The paper will compare the current ATC speed control system mapped to the existing physical characteristics of the Right Of Way in parallel with the improved functionality provided by CBTC.
Healthy and Defective Tapered Roller Bearing Temperature Metrics
Authors: Tarawneh Constantine , Martinez America , Adame Mia , Garcia Samantha , Pams Jeffery , Pena Curtis 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The condition monitoring of bearings and wheels is pivotal in ensuring the safe and efficient transport of freight within the railway industry. Bearing seizures remains an issue that can lead to catastrophic train derailments, affirming the importance of effective monitoring practices. Existing wayside detection devices, such as Hot Bearing Detectors (HBDs) and Trackside Acoustic Detection Systems (TADS™), track, respectively, the operating temperature and acoustic emissions of bearings at discrete intervals as trains pass by these systems. However, these systems have demonstrated inaccuracies in fault detection causing unnecessary and costly train stoppages and delays. Furthermore, bearing operating temperatures have exhibited random trending events associated with roller misalignments in the absence of defects. This work aims to provide the rail industry and stakeholders with comprehensive bearing operating temperatures for healthy and defective bearings at typical rail service operating conditions. The data presents two decades worth of laboratory experiments performed on AAR Class F and K railroad bearings and includes bearings with defective cup (outer ring) and cone (inner ring) raceways of varying severity. Interestingly, the data shows that bearings with relatively small defects operate at temperatures indistinguishable from healthy bearings. This raises concerns regarding the ability of HBDs to identify and detect faulty bearings with sufficient time to perform preventative maintenance. Nevertheless, the data presented provides the railroads with insight into healthy and defective bearing temperature metrics.
Feature Extraction From Vibration Signature Required From Railroad Bearing Onboard Condition Monitoring Sensor Modules
Authors: Quaye Kevin , Xu Ping , Dera Dimah , Foltz Heinrich , Tarawneh Constantine , Diaz Alberto 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
From 2013 to 2022, 1671 derailments have been reported by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), 8.2% of which were due to journal bearing defects. The University Transportation Center for Railway Safety (UTCRS) designed an onboard monitoring system that tracks vibration waveforms over time to assess bearing health through three analysis levels. However, the speed of the bearing, a fundamental parameter for these analyses, is often acquired from Global Positioning System (GPS) data, which is typically not available at the sensor location. To solve this issue, this paper proposes to employ Machine Learning (ML) algorithms to extract the speed and other essential features from existing vibration data, eliminating the need for additional speed sensors. Specifically, the proposed method tries to extract the speed information from the signatures that are embedded in the Power Spectral Density (PSD) plot, which enables rapid real-time analysis of bearings while the train is in motion. The rapid extraction of data could be sent to a cloud accessible by train dispatchers and railcar owners for assessment of bearings and scheduling of replacements before defects reach a dangerous size. Eventually, the developed algorithm will reduce derailments and unplanned field replacements and afford rail stakeholders more cost-effective preventive maintenance.
The impact of land-use changes and management intensification on bacterial communities in the last decade: a review
Authors: Tomazelli Daniela , Klauberg-Filho Osmar , Mendes Lucas William , Goss-Souza Dennis 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

In the last decade, advances in soil bacterial ecology have contributed to increasing agricultural production. Brazil is the world leading agriculture producer and leading soil biodiversity reservoir. Meanwhile, there is still a significant gap in the knowledge regarding the soil microscopic life and its interactions with agricultural practices, and the replacement of natural vegetation by agroecosystems is yet to be unfolded. Through high throughput DNA sequencing, scientists are now exploring the complexity of soil bacterial communities and their relationship with soil and environmental characteristics. This study aimed to investigate the progress of bacterial ecology studies in Brazil over the last 10 years, seeking to understand the effect of the conversion of natural vegetation in agricultural systems on the diversity and structure of the soil microbial communities. We conducted a systematic search for scientific publication databases. Our systematic search has matched 62 scientific articles from three different databases. Most of the studies were placed in southeastern and northern Brazil, with no records of studies about microbial ecology in 17 out of 27 Brazilian states. Out of the 26 studies that examined the effects of replacing natural vegetation with agroecosystems, most authors concluded that changes in soil pH and vegetation cover replacement were the primary drivers of shifts in microbial communities. Understanding the ecology of the bacteria inhabiting Brazilian soils in agroecosystems is paramount for developing more efficient soil management strategies and cleaner agricultural technologies.
Trimerized S expressed by modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) confers superior protection against lethal SARS-CoV-2 challenge in mice
Authors: Zhu Junda , Wang Zhenshan , Li Yarui , Zhang Zihui , Ren Shuning , Wang Jing , Xie Shijie , Liao Zhiyi , Song Baifen , Wu Wenxue , Yan Feihu , Peng Chen 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

The reoccurrence of successive waves of SARS-CoV-2 variants suggests the exploration of more vaccine alternatives is imperative. Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is a virus vector exhibiting excellent safety as well as efficacy for vaccine development. Here, a series of recombinant MVAs (rMVAs) expressing monomerized or trimerized S proteins from different SARS-CoV-2 variants are engineered. Trimerized S expressed from rMVAs is found predominantly as trimers on the surface of infected cells. Remarkably, immunization of mice with rMVAs demonstrates that S expressed in trimer elicits higher levels of binding IgG and IgA, as well as neutralizing antibodies for matched and mismatched S proteins than S in the monomer. In addition, trimerized S expressed by rMVA induces enhanced cytotoxic T-cell responses than S in the monomer. Importantly, the rMVA vaccines expressing trimerized S exhibit superior protection against a lethal SARS-CoV-2 challenge as the immunized animals all survive without displaying any pathological conditions. This study suggests that opting for trimerized S may represent a more effective approach and highlights that the MVA platform serves as an ideal foundation to continuously advance SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development.

IMPORTANCE
MVA is a promising vaccine vector and has been approved as a vaccine for smallpox and mpox. Our analyses suggested that recombinant MVA expressing S in trimer (rMVA-ST) elicited robust cellular and humoral immunity and was more effective than MVA-S-monomer. Importantly, the rMVA-ST vaccine was able to stimulate decent cross-reactive neutralization against pseudoviruses packaged using S from different sublineages, including Wuhan, Delta, and Omicron. Remarkably, mice immunized with rMVA-ST were completely protected from a lethal challenge of SARS-CoV-2 without displaying any pathological conditions. Our results demonstrated that an MVA vectored vaccine expressing trimerized S is a promising vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2 and the strategy might be adapted for future vaccine development for coronaviruses.