bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consortium approach for nurse practitioner education
Authors: Van Soeren Mary H. , Andrusyszyn Mary‐Anne , Spence Laschinger Heather K. , Goldenberg Dolly , DiCenso Alba ,   and all other members of the Nurse Practitioner Evaluation Group: S. Sidani RNPhD, D. Irvine RNPhD, A. Gafni DSc, B. Hutchison MDMSc, G. Guyatt MD MSc, S. Walter PhD, V. Bhatia RN MHSc and S. Caty RN MSc
Published: October 2010

Consortium approach for nurse practitioner education In 1995, a 10‐university consortium approach to deliver a post‐baccalaureate primary care nurse practitioner programme funded by the Ontario Ministry of Health was launched throughout Ontario, Canada. A combination of traditional and distance teaching methods, in English and French, were used. A 5‐year research project was initiated to evaluate the entire programme, the effect of nurse practitioners on patient and health‐care system outcomes and examine practice patterns. Participants included deans and directors (n=10), regional co‐ordinators (n=5) and course developers, some of whom were also course professors (n=8). This article is a report of the evaluation of the consortium programme after the first year from the perspective of groups involved in implementation and delivery. Results of qualitative analyses of participant perceptions from researcher‐led focus groups and asynchronous electronic interviews provided the framework for the evaluation, and revealed the rationale for the consortium method, strengths, limitations and recommendations. Sharing ideas, resources and delivery and increased student access in remote areas were perceived as positive outcomes. Limitations included the short time period to develop programme content, identify and plan for distance education resources, and too little communication between universities and students. Researchers concluded that the consortium approach was effective for nurse practitioner education. Key factors identified for programme planning were communication, resources, curriculum and workload. Included among the recommendations was to allow sufficient time for role and course development before beginning a similar programme.
Women with learning disabilities: risk behaviours and experiences of the cervical smear test
Authors: Broughton Sallyanne , Thomson Karen 
Published: October 2010

Women with learning disabilities: risk behaviours and experiences of the cervical smear test This paper reports the findings of a study on the views and experiences of women with learning disabilities regarding the cervical smear test. The experience and opinions of the carers were also taken into account. The study was carried out between 1997 and 1999 in Cambridgeshire. The factors that influenced whether women with a learning disability had a smear test included: sexual activity; number of sexual partners; pregnancy; and a past history of smoking. Women with a learning disability who had a cervical smear test most often experienced pain and difficulty with the procedure. Factors that enable women with a learning disability to undergo a cervical smear test, according to their experiences, will be discussed in this paper. These include: the importance of prolonged preparation; issues surrounding communication; the giving of information; and support from the carers. The implications of these findings for collaborative working between learning disability nurses and primary healthcare professionals in clinical practice are highlighted.
Efficacy and safety of prone positioning for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Breiburg Anna N. , Aitken Leanne , Reaby Linda , Clancy Richard L. , Pierce Janet D. 
Published: October 2010

Efficacy and safety of prone positioning for patients with acute respiratory distress syndromeThis article presents an overview of a literature review on how prone positioning can alleviate pathophysiological changes in ARDS and improve ventilation and perfusion. Improvement of gas exchange, efficiency of oxygenation and lung function are emphasized. Literature on the pathophysiology of ARDS, and the physiological effects of prone positioning on haemodynamics and lung function is examined. There are both advantages and disadvantages in turning a patient from the supine to the prone position. There are also contraindications in rotating between the supine and prone positions. Nevertheless, by rotating patients with ARDS, it is possible to achieve a significant improvement in A‐aDO2, decrease shunting, and therefore improve oxygenation without use of expensive, invasive and experimental procedures. Placing patients with ARDS in the prone position can reduce inspiratory oxygen concentrations and peak inspiratory pressures, which minimizes the chance for barotrauma and the iatrogenic effects of hyperventilation oxygen toxicity.
Death, dying and emotional labour: problematic dimensions of the bone marrow transplant nursing role?
Authors: Kelly Daniel , Ross Sharon , Gray Benjamin , Smith Pam 
Published: October 2010

Death, dying and emotional labour: problematic dimensions of the bone marrow transplant nursing role? Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is an established intervention for a range of conditions including those of a serious, life‐threatening nature such as leukaemias. The experience of those who fail to respond to such aggressive treatment, however, or those who die as a result of treatment‐induced complications, is currently under‐researched. In this paper the authors suggest that despite the relatively high mortality associated with BMT, cultural, biological and professional factors have contributed to a lack of attention on issues of death and dying and emotional labour within BMT care settings. Current technological, biomedical and quality of life discourses which characterize much of the BMT literature are problematic and, we suggest, may serve to disadvantage those who will not survive such procedures. In addition, the provision of effective palliative care in BMT settings remains open to review through further research and development. As a first step, the authors argue that the role of nursing needs to be reconceptualized within BMT to allow key humane concerns such as suffering and the emotional labour of care to be explored and better understood.
Backstage in the theatre
Authors: Tanner Judith , Timmons Stephen 
Published: October 2010

Backstage in the theatre Observations undertaken in the operating theatre suggested that the social environment, and certain forms of staff behaviour could be explained using the space analysis developed by Erving Goffman (1969) in The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. In the study reported in this paper the theatre department was found to be a strongly ‘backstage’ area. However, it was also found that there were limits to this analysis, and these are explained within this article. Some practical suggestions as to how this analysis might be helpful in the management of health care institutions and the education of health care professionals are made.
Multicentre research and the WISECARE experience
Authors: Kearney Nora , Miller Morven , Sermeus Walter , Hoy Derek , Vanhaecht Kris 
Published: October 2010

Multicentre research and the WISECARE experience The benefits of collaborative research are becoming recognized increasingly within the profession of nursing due to the associated increased likelihood of funding, variety of practice settings and increased access to resources that collaboration brings. While such benefits have made collaborative research one of the most desirable strategies for achieving the goals of research, the potential problems of language and communication, culturally sensitive instruments, access to subjects, availability of technology and lack of research resources have complicated collaborative international research initiatives. Review of the literature, although encouraging such initiatives, does little to provide information regarding the processes involved in multinational collaboration or the associated advantages and disadvantages to guide those embarking on such large scale, multinational, cross‐cultural studies. The diverse meanings of collaboration within research initiatives further hamper this understanding. Positive definitions focus on aspects such as sharing expertise, making a valuable contribution to the research and ultimately shared ownership of the accomplishments of the research. One such research project led by nurses was the WISECARE project. WISECARE (Workflow Information Systems for European Nursing Care) was funded by the European Commission and aimed to improve cancer nursing practice and ultimately patient outcomes through the integration and utilization of state of the art information technology. Such a project was developed as a result of nursing's apparent invisibility within health care delivery and the problems experienced by nurses in articulating their worth within an increasingly cost‐conscious health care system. Oncology care was selected as the domain for the project not only because this speciality of nursing already has an established network of nurses throughout Europe in the European Oncology Nursing Society (EONS) but also because the practice of cancer nursing encompasses all aspects of nursing care. This paper will address the advantages and disadvantages associated with collaboration, using the WISECARE project as an example.
Research guidelines for the Delphi survey technique
Authors: Hasson Felicity , Keeney Sinead , McKenna Hugh 
Published: October 2010

Research guidelines for the Delphi survey technique Consensus methods such as the Delphi survey technique are being employed to help enhance effective decision‐making in health and social care. The Delphi survey is a group facilitation technique, which is an iterative multistage process, designed to transform opinion into group consensus. It is a flexible approach, that is used commonly within the health and social sciences, yet little guidance exists to help researchers undertake this method of data collection. This paper aims to provide an understanding of the preparation, action steps and difficulties that are inherent within the Delphi. Used systematically and rigorously, the Delphi can contribute significantly to broadening knowledge within the nursing profession. However, careful thought must be given before using the method; there are key issues surrounding problem identification, researcher skills and data presentation that must be addressed. The paper does not claim to be definitive; it purports to act as a guide for those researchers who wish to exploit the Delphi methodology.
Accuracy of body weight prediction in Alpine ibex (Capra ibex, L. 1758) using morphometry
Authors: Bassano B. , Bergero D. , Peracino A. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryThe relationship between weight and body measurements of 227 Alpine ibex Capra ibex (162 males and 65 females, age range: 2–16 years) were analysed by linear and multiple regression. The animals were live‐captured across all seasons of the year, in the Western Italian Alps, 1986–1994. The relationship between weight and body measurements changed with sex and season. In male ibex, the best annual estimation of the body weight was obtained using as predictor variables the squared value of the chest girth and age. In females, the best predictive variables were age, total body length and withers height. Age was always selected as a predictor variable, when considered in the prediction models. The use of chest girth and the squared value of the chest girth as predictive variables in the regression equation, being the most highly correlated linear measurements with total weight, did not result in an accurate prediction of ibex body weight. The best prediction was obtained using age and different linear measurements in stepwise multiple regression, nevertheless the standard error of the estimate and the magnitude of the 95% prediction interval were great. The use of linear measurements cannot be considered accurate nor precise predictors of body weight in Alpine ibex.
Hand rearing of pet birds – feeds, techniques and recommendations
Authors: Wolf P. , Kamphues J. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryThe comparison of the contents of nutrients determined in commercial hand rearing diets with the nutrient requirements of growing budgerigars and lovebirds estimated by the factorial method revealed satisfactory protein, lysine and arginine concentrations. Regarding sulphur amino acids, a number of products showed marginal methionine and cystine contents. Mineral contents generally met all requirements and were even excessive in some cases. Ultimately, the results gained in this study demonstrate that nestlings’ substantial requirements for sulphur amino acids for plumage development are often underestimated, while their calcium requirements in connection with bone mineralization are frequently overestimated. The primary obstacle to successful hand rearing, however, probably lies not so much in energy and nutrient contents, but rather – as revealed by first results of feeding trials with lovebirds – in the passage of the suspended diet through the gastrointestinal tract (e.g. crop disorders) and/or errors regarding feed quantities and feeding frequency.
Investigations on feathering, feather growth and potential influences of nutrient supply on feathers’ regrowth in small pet birds (canaries, budgerigars and lovebirds)
Authors: Wolf P. , Rabehl N. , Kamphues J. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryThe aim of this study was to quantitate feathering in several companion birds. Besides the ratio of feathers to whole body mass, feather length as well as feather weight were of interest. Furthermore, data on feather loss and growth rates were estimated. In general, it could be observed that the proportion of feathers relative to body mass varied between 14 (canaries) and 7.4% (lovebirds). Feather losses (outside the moult period) amounted to an average of 6.65 (canaries), 8.98 (budgerigars), and 8.43 (lovebirds) mg/bird/day respectively or 37 (canaries), 20 (budgerigars), and 17 (lovebirds) mg/100 g body weight/day (values of interest in calculating of protein requirements for maintenance). In canaries, the average growth rate of the developing feathers amounted to 2 mm/day. In contrast to the onset of feather regeneration, the growth rate of new feathers leaving the follicle was not influenced by the supplements used here. The regeneration period (first measurable feather growth) of a plucked pinion can be used as an indicator and objective parameter to test potential nutritional influences. Parallel to the improvement of nutrient supply the rates of feather losses and also replacement increased, whereas the rates decreased when seed mixtures without any addition of minerals, sulphurous amino acids, and vitamins were fed.
Dioxin residues in the edible tissue of broiler chicken*
Authors: Iben C. , Böhm J. , Tausch H. , Leibetseder J. , Luf W. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine the contamination of broiler chicken with polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) after feeding either uncontaminated feed or feed contaminated with 1, 2 or 4 ng/kg toxic equivalents (TEQ). The feed was mixed with pure substances of PCDD/Fs to get the intended contamination. Ten groups of seven 1‐day‐old chickens each were housed in special cages for broiler fattening. The fattening period lasted for 6 weeks. The contaminated feed was given for either 2, 4, or 6 weeks, one group received uncontaminated feed (control group). After slaughtering the edible parts of the chickens breast and leg including the skin were homogenized. Body weight gain and feed conversion (kg feed/kg body weight gain) were in the normal range (final weight 1.98 ± 0.07 kg; feed conversion 1.74 ± 0.03). One kilogram edible tissue contained an average of 21.2 ± 4.1% of the total TEQ‐intake in all groups. The PCDD/Fs residues in the edible tissues significantly correlated with the amount of PCDD/Fs‐intake (r = 0.99; Pearson correlation). There was no decrease in dioxin residues (% of total PCDD/Fs intake) after a 2 or 4 weeks withdrawal period. The results of this trial predict that a threshold value of 2 pg/g chicken fat can be met if the PCDD/Fs content in chicken feed is not higher than 0.4 ng/kg.
The course of some bone remodelling plasma metabolites in healthy horses and in horses offered a calcium‐deficient diet
Authors: De Behr V. , Daron D. , Gabriel A. , Remy B. , Dufrasne I. , Serteyn D. , Istasse L. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryAn inquiry was carried out to assess the concentrations of plasma metabolites related to bone remodelling in 21 saddle horses of Warmblood breed aged 4–26 years, five draught horses of Ardennes breed aged 4–10 years, and 10 Ardennes foals aged 9–11 months. They were fed according to normal feeding practice in Belgium. The changes in some bone remodelling plasma metabolite concentrations were studied when an unbalanced diet was offered and later corrected for four Warmblood horses. Bone formation was evaluated by bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), total alkaline phosphatase (TALP) and osteocalcin (bone gla‐protein, OC). Bone resorption was assessed by hydroxyproline (HYP). Total calcium, ionized calcium, phosphorus (P) and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 [25‐(OH)D] concentrations were more or less constant. The comparison of four bone remodelling factors between the Ardennes and Warmblood horses showed higher concentrations in the Ardennes breed. Bone marker concentrations decreased according to age. The correction of the unbalanced Ca : P diet induced inconsistent effects at plasma level. The interpretation of the different bone parameters appeared to be difficult if not associated with other parameters such as a complete anamnesis and clinical examination of the animal in addition to dietary evaluation.
Studies on feed digestibilities in captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus)
Authors: Clauss M. , Loehlein W. , Kienzle E. , Wiesner H. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryIn order to test the suitability of the horse as a nutritional model for elephants, digestibility studies were performed with six captive Asian elephants on six different dietary regimes, using the double marker method with acid detergent lignin as an internal and chromium oxide as an external digestibility marker. Elephants resembled horses in the way dietary supplements and dietary crude fibre content influenced digestibility, in calcium absorption parameters and in faecal volatile fatty acid composition. However, the absolute digestibility coefficients achieved for all nutrients are distinctively lower in elephants. This is because of much faster ingesta passage rates reported for elephants. No answer is given to why elephants do not make use of their high digestive potential theoretically provided by their immense body weight. Differences in volatile fatty acid concentrations between these captive elephants and those reported from elephants from the wild are in accord with a reported high dependence of free‐ranging elephants on browse forage.
Serum β‐carotene and α‐tocopherol in horses fed β‐carotene via grass‐meal or a synthetic beadlet preparation with and without added dietary fat
Authors: Kienzle E. , Kaden C. , Hoppe P. P. , Opitz B. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryThe serum response of β‐carotene as an indicator of bioavailability was compared after feeding β‐carotene (0.8 mg/kg body weight) either from grass meal or a synthetic beadlet preparation (LucarotinTM). Both were each given without or with added dietary vegetable fat (2–2.5% vs. 6.6% fat in dry matter) in a Latin square design with four horses. The nutritionally complete diet was supplemented with α‐tocopherol (4 mg/kg body weight). Each treatment period (4 weeks, two serum samples) was followed by a washout period of 4 weeks with low intakes of β‐carotene (traces) and α‐tocopherol (0.5 mg/kg body weight). Within 4 weeks of supplementation, serum β‐carotene increased about 10‐fold, from a mean initial concentration of 0.05–0.53 μmol/l. There was no effect of β‐carotene source and of fat addition, respectively. Faecal excretion of β‐carotene ranged from 55 to 81% of intake. No β‐carotene was detected in any urine sample. Serum α‐tocopherol (across all time points and animals, n = 64) was 14.5 μmol/l. During supplementation, the values were significantly higher than during washout‐periods. Additional dietary fat did not affect the serum response. Faecal excretion of α‐tocopherol ranged from 69 to 121% of intake. Fat addition resulted in a significant decrease of serum cholesterol. In conclusion, the natural and the synthetic source of β‐carotene showed significant and identical bioavailability independent of additional fat.
Influences of stage of lactation, teat position and sequential milk sampling on the composition of domestic cat milk (Felis catus)
Authors: Jacobsen K. L. , DePeters E. J. , Rogers Q. R. , Taylor S. J. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryMilk from 11 domestic shorthair cats (Felis catus;n = 7 fed dry low‐fat diet,n = 4 fed dry high‐fat diet) was collected weekly for 6 weeks following parturition, and analysed for total solids (TS), crude protein (CP), fat, lactose and ash. Samples were collected in 1‐ml sequential fractions to determine whether within‐sampling changes in composition existed. Samples of extracted milk fat were also analysed for fatty acid content. Two commercial kitten milk replacers were analysed according to the same procedures utilized for milk samples. In statistical analyses individual cat, diet, stage of lactation, litter size, and teat position influenced concentrations of milk components; parity and sequential sampling had no effect. Averaged cat milk was 27.9% TS, and 8.7% CP, 12.7% fat, 4.2% lactose and 1.3% ash (on a wet basis). Milk protein percentage increased over lactation for both diet groups, but fat percentage increased only for queens fed the high‐fat diet. Milk replacers were lower in fat and protein content than milk from queens, and had considerably lower levels of arachidonic acid. Data from this study contribute to the limited information available regarding the composition of domestic cat milk, and give possible reasons for poor growth occasionally observed in kittens fed unsupplemented commercial milk replacers.