bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Practical Electrochemical Approach for Synthesizing Selenyl-Dihydrobenzofurans and Chromane with a Tetrasubstituted Carbon Center
Authors: Kong Xianqiang , Chen Xiaohui , Cao Zhong-Yan , Chen Qisheng , Xiang Kai , Chen Yiyi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA straightforward and efficient electrochemical method for the anodic oxidative selenenylation of 2-(2-arylallyl)phenols and a 2-(3-arylbut-3-en-1-yl)phenol with diselenides under ambient air conditions has been outlined. This method allows for the synthesis of selenyl-dihydrobenzofurans and a chromane featuring a sterically hindered tetrasubstituted carbon center, demonstrated through 25 examples with yields reaching up to 98%. Initial mechanistic investigations suggest the likely participation of pivotal seleniranium cation species in regulating the reactivity.
Understanding the Endocrine and Molecular Signaling Cascade Regulation Pathways in Children with Hypospadias
Authors: Bangalore Raghunath V , Asthana Suramya , R. Reshma V. , Saini Deepak Kumar , Alladi Anand 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHypospadias (HS) is a congenital defect that occurs due to defective androgenization. It is characterized by the aberrant location of the urinary meatus on the ventral aspect of the penis with various degrees of severity. The molecular mechanisms and genetic associations underlying the condition remain largely unknown. Existing literature revolves around surgical and medical management of the condition. Human chorionic gonadotropin pretreatment in HS is proposed to decrease the severity of the anomaly and improve the clinical outcome of surgery. The underlying mechanisms that drive these outcomes have not been explored. Few studies have explored the endocrine signaling and pathways which lead to the development of the condition. Hence, a prospective study was conducted to understand the same. Eighteen children with mid or proximal penile HS were included as cases, and nine children undergoing circumcision for phimosis (nonpathological) were included as controls. Serum samples from all these children and preputial skin samples taken during surgery were used in the analysis. The hormonal milieu was normal in all children in our cohort. A comparison of previously reported genes with our cohort sequencing revealed changes in several major pathways involved in cell proliferation and differentiation, cell signaling, angiogenesis, and immune response pathways. Compared with healthy controls, HS subjects had 152 differentially expressed genes. Of these, 93 genes were up-regulated, and 59 genes were found to be significantly down-regulated. The gene expression evaluation also showed changes in expression patterns in inflammatory genes and link RNAs, unlike previously reported genes.
Gender politics and Victorian literary representation of the body: a distant reading of the body in Charles Dickens’s works
Authors: Chen Houliang , Xu Qianwen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper analyses the nineteenth-century discourse around the human body. It examines two corpora: Charles Dickens’s works and contemporary writings. In both contexts, the body is observed through a detailed focus on its individual parts. This study employs a corpus-driven approach to investigate the vocabulary used to describe the body in these two corpora, providing complementary explanations to traditional close reading methods. The findings indicate that Victorian authors, including Dickens, tend to use nouns associated with time and space when representing the body, while also placing significant emphasis on codes of etiquette in the depiction of its physical actions. In Dickens’s corpus, nouns related to the body are influenced by gender ideology. Furthermore, a gender-based sub-corpus analysis, particularly focusing on verbs, highlights the disparities in agency between male and female bodies.
Ab initio quasi-harmonic thermoelasticity of molybdenum at high temperature and pressure
Authors: Gong X. , Dal Corso A. 
Published: June 2024

We present the ab initio thermoelastic properties of body-centered cubic molybdenum under extreme conditions obtained within the quasi-harmonic approximation including both the vibrational and electronic thermal excitation contributions to the free energy. The quasi-harmonic temperature-dependent elastic constants are calculated and compared with existing experiments and with the quasi-static approximation. We find that the quasi-harmonic approximation allows for a much better interpretation of the experimental data, confirming the trend found previously in other metals. Using the Voigt–Reuss–Hill average, we predict the compressional and shear sound velocities of polycrystalline molybdenum as a function of pressure for several temperatures, which might be accessible in experiments.
Selective loading of a micrometer-scale particle into a magneto-gravitational trap by sublimation-activated release
Authors: Murphy Connor E. , Duenas Mario , Iron Daniel , Nelson Tobias , D’Urso Brian 
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we discuss a technique for selectively loading a particle into a magneto-gravitational trap using the sublimation of camphor to release particles from a tungsten probe tip directly into the trapping region. This sublimation-activated release (SAR) loading technique makes use of micropositioners with tungsten probe tips, as well as the relatively fast rate of sublimation of camphor at room temperature, to selectively load particles having diameters ranging from 8 to 100 μm or more. The advantages of this method include its ability to selectively load unique particles or particles in limited supply, its low loss compared to alternative techniques, the low speed of the particle when released, and the versatility of its design, which allows for loading into traps with complex geometries. SAR is demonstrated here by loading a particle into a magneto-gravitational trap, but the technique could also be applicable to other levitated optomechanical systems.
Novel S–N/WO3: Optimization of photocatalytic performance of WO3 by simultaneous existence of S and N in WO3 against MB dye
Authors: Younas Ayesha , Munir Rana Mustansar , Rizvi Hassan Imam , Iqbal Tahir , Afsheen Sumera , Riaz K. N. , Syed Asad , Elgorban Abdallah M. , Wong Ling Shing 
Published: June 2024

In this work, pure and S–N/WO3 (1%–7%) nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed for the degradation of MB dye. Optical properties, vibrational analysis, morphology, structural analysis, and photocatalytic activity of the samples have been evaluated using a variety of characterization techniques, including UV–vis, PL, FTIR, SEM, and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD patterns showed that the stability of the orthorhombic phase of WO3 was affected by the concentrations of S and N. In SEM, nanospheres with an average size of 80 nm of NPs have been observed. The PL results showed that the e−, h+ recombination rate for the S–N7%/WO3 sample was the lowest. The degradation of MB dye has also been investigated in order to investigate the photocatalytic performance. Remarkably, S–N7%/WO3 shows the best results, with a maximum degradation of 90% in 120 min. The stability of the improved catalyst was tested using recycling and trapping studies. S–N7%/WO3 catalyst’s exceptional photocatalytic activity highlights its potential use in wastewater treatment. This study will be helpful for manufacturing innovation.
Evaluation of a novel sub-acute Hospital in the Home model for providing inpatient geriatric and rehabilitation services
Authors: Suzuki Anya , Kyle Greg , Webb Clare , Cox Ruth , Wishart Laurelie , McCusker Melissa , McConnell Alex , Courtice Sally , Ward Elizabeth C. , Ross Leo 
Published: June 2024

Objective To report on the development and implementation of a multidisciplinary, sub-acute Geriatric Evaluation and Management Rehabilitation Hospital in the Home (GEMRHITH) model of care with the initial 2 years’ service outcome data (October 2019 – September 2021). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted using hospital centralised data, and the GEMRHITH internal service database. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the patient population. Student’s t-test was used for comparative data. Results Over 2 years, GEMRHITH admitted 617 patients (13%, n = 82 directly from the emergency department). Median age was 82 years (range, 32–102 years), with 60.5% (n = 373) being female and 39.5% (n = 244) presenting with moderate frailty. Most patients (79.6%, n = 491) entered from a medical speciality (28.5%, n = 178 from neurology). Average GEMRHITH stay was 6 days (range, 1–33 days). Average bed occupancy was 5.3 virtual beds. There was an average of 26 discharges per month with 97% of patients (n = 598) discharged to their own home. Transfers back to the emergency department with the same diagnosis-related group were low (3.6%). The 7–28 day re-admission rate was 2.3%. Service safety was high, with only eight hospital-acquired complications reported in seven patients. Significant improvements were noted for total and sub-scale Functional Independence Measure scores (P < 0.001). Conclusions The addition of rehabilitation and geriatric care to traditional HITH services provides opportunities for multidisciplinary teams to support a larger cohort of patients with various medical and surgical conditions and functional abilities, to efficiently transition home from hospital settings. There were minimal complications and occupied bed stays were saved within a hospital.
Two-layered microwell-array device for preparation of single-neuron culture samples
Authors: Nakama Ayaka , Yasuda Takashi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
When a single neuron is cultured in isolation from other neurons, its axon connects with its own dendrites to form a simple, independent network with no synaptic inputs from other neurons. This culture system enables detailed analysis of synaptic function and morphology change in neurites at the single-neuron level, which is useful for elucidating the pathogenesis of neurological diseases and for evaluating the efficacy of therapeutic drugs for them. However, there was previously no device technology capable of simultaneously forming multiple single-neuron samples while allowing co-culture with astrocytes, which is essential for culture of a single neuron isolated from other neurons. In this study, we propose a novel microwell-array device for preparing single-neuron samples. The device consists of an upper layer for cell seeding and a lower layer for cell culture. Each layer has 16 × 16 microwells, and the bottom of each well is made of a 1 μm thick silicon nitride membrane. The membrane of the upper well has one microhole for seeding a single neuron, and the lower membrane has multiple microholes for interaction between a single neuron and astrocytes which are co-cultured back-to-back on both sides of the membrane. When neurons are seeded into the upper well, only one of them passes through the microhole in the upper membrane and falls onto the lower membrane. We evaluated a seeding efficiency of single neurons by changing seeding hole diameter and seeding density. The results showed that the yield of more than 20% was obtained regardless of the seeding density when the seeding hole diameter was 13 μm. We also confirmed that single neurons seeded in this manner and co-cultured with astrocytes developed neurites and formed synapses. These results demonstrated the usefulness of this device for the preparation of single-neuron culture samples.
Study on the influence of transverse magnetic field on the arc and reignition characteristics of HVDC relays
Authors: Hou Guobin , Zhang Dandan , Li Zhenbiao , Wan Zhiyu , Shi Kexin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
It is of great significance to clarify the influence of transverse magnetic field (TMF) on arc control in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) relays. In this paper, the influence of TMF in a wide range of 0–140 mT on the arc characteristics of HVDC relays is studied, the experimental observations of arc reignition are carried out and the effect of arc reignition on contact erosion, the criterion of arc reignition and the mechanism of TMF enhancement on arc reignition are further analyzed. The results show that the TMF enhancement is beneficial for shortening the arc voltage stagnation duration and accelerating the speed of arc elongation, arc dispersion and dispersed arc motion, thereby improving the arc extinguishing performance. However, higher TMF leads to more severe and earlier arc reignition, as also shown in the experimental observations. The arc reignition further causes a sudden drop in arc voltage, prolonged arc duration and uneven contact erosion. To evaluate the occurrence of arc reignition caused by TMF enhancement, a simplified breakdown criterion is proposed through the defined characteristic variable

C
¯

(
t
)

. Based on this, the mechanism by which the TMF enhancement more easily causes arc reignition is explained, that is the higher TMF leads to an earlier and faster increase in

C
¯

(
t
)

and slightly reduces the breakdown threshold

C
¯

∗

(

t
5

,
D
)

. Further, measures to suppress the arc reignition are proposed.
Recent progress in the study on phonon heat transport property of Earth’s lower mantle minerals
Authors: Dekura Haruhiko , Tsuchiya Taku 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The lattice thermal conductivities (

κ

lat

) of Earth’s lower mantle (LM) minerals is a crucial parameter in the study of deep Earth dynamics and its determination is also one of the grand challenges in condensed matter physics. Here, we review recent progress on theoretical and experimental studies for the

κ

lat

under high pressure (P) and high temperature (T) condition up to 150 GPa and 4000 K. After the critical parameters necessary to obtain converged values of the

κ

lat

are summarized, the theoretical

κ

lat

of the LM minerals, determined through various computational methodologies, is compiled along with experimental findings. Although significant scattering is found in the experimental results at LM P,T, the quantum anharmonic lattice dynamics theory combined with the phonon Boltzmann transport theory demonstrates a clear relationship in the

κ

lat

of the end-member LM phases, MgO, MgSiO3 bridgmanite (Brg) and post-perovskite (PPv),

κ

lat

MgO

>>

κ

lat

PPv

>

κ

lat

Brg

, and a discontinuous change in the

κ

lat

by ∼20%–50% expected across the Brg–PPv transition. Knowledge on the additional but geophysically important factors, such as the effects of iron solid solution, isotopic mass difference, and higher order crystal anharmonicity are also summarized in detail. Current problems and future perspectives are finally mentioned.
Extraction of amplitude-domain characteristics from dynamic electric signals that cause large errors in electricity metering
Authors: Wang Xuewei , Xie Shiyu , Yuan Ruiming , Zhao Cheng , Wang Guoxing , Wang Chen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the power and current of high-power dynamic loads exhibit dynamic behaviors that cause large errors in electrical energy meters. Aimed at fast variations and large fluctuations in dynamic electric signals, this study examines a characteristic extraction method for small-time granularity and the impact of these characteristics on electrical energy meters. First, we constructed quasi-steady and dynamic model parameters for the dual-modal modulation models of current and power signals. Second, based on the two sets of signals sampled from the electrified railway traction substation and steelmaking arc furnace substation, we extracted quasi-steady and dynamic signal model parameters from fundamental active power signals. Third, we proposed three novel characteristic parameters by mapping the model parameter method, and extracted the four important characteristics. Finally, we designed a set of on-off-keying test signal experiments to determine the impact of the proposed characteristic parameters on the electric energy meter. The experimental results show that the electrical energy meter errors are sensitive to the proposed characteristic parameters, wherein the maximum impulse coefficient is the most sensitive characteristic of the EEM, which causes an error as large as −81.28%. The proposed characteristic parameters can be used as the input characteristic information of dynamic test signals for type testing and updating the test standards for electrical energy meters.
Smartphone-based experiments exploring the physical laws of guitar string vibrations
Authors: Yi Weisong , Deng Haiyou 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Using smartphones to explore the physical laws of musical instruments is not only scientifically intriguing but also practically feasible. Here an experimental scheme based on a smartphone and mobile application (Phyphox) is devised to investigate the vibration law of guitar strings. By quantitatively measuring the length, diameter and vibration frequency of guitar strings, the experimental results convincingly demonstrate the validity of the vibration law of guitar strings. The research embodies the concept of ‘from life to physics, from physics to society’, and is beneficial for students to comprehend the physical laws of guitar string vibration as well as the principle behind guitar sounds. The smartphone-based physics experiments can be performed outside the classic physics laboratory, which expands the methods and space of teaching physics experiments, and relates reality to physics laws.
The impact of pulse repetition frequency on microbubble activity and drug delivery during focused ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier opening
Authors: Fletcher Stecia-Marie P , Zhang Yongzhi , Chisholm Amanda , Martinez Sofia , McDannold Nathan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective. Pulsed focused ultrasound (FUS) can deliver therapeutics to the brain by using intravenous microbubbles (MBs) to open the blood-brain barrier (BBB). MB emissions indicate treatment outcomes, like BBB opening (harmonics) and damage (broadband). Typically, a pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of 1 Hz is used, but the effect of PRF on MBs is not fully understood. We investigated the effect of PRF on MB activity and tracer delivery. Approach. The effect of PRF (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 Hz) on MB activity was monitored through harmonic and wideband emissions during FUS sonications of the rat brain at 274.3 kHz. BBB opening was quantified through fluorescence imaging to estimate the concentration of Trypan Blue (TB) dye following a 75-pulse FUS exposure for PRFs of 1 and 0.25 Hz. Main results. At a fixed acoustic pressure, the percentage change in maximum harmonic amplitude compared to the control (PRF = 1 Hz) decreased with increasing PRF, with a median change of 73.8% at 0.125 Hz and −38.3% at 2 Hz. There was no difference in the pressure threshold for broadband emissions between PRFs of 0.25 and 1 Hz. PRF = 0.25 Hz, led to a 68.2% increase in the mean concentration of TB measured after FUS, with a 53.9% increase in the mean harmonic sum, compared with PRF = 1 Hz. Harmonic emissions-based control at PRF = 0.25 Hz yielded similar TB delivery, with less damage at histology, compared with 1 Hz. Significance. For a fixed number of FUS pulses, reducing the PRF was shown to increase the magnitude of harmonic emissions and TB delivery, but not the threshold for broadband emissions. While further research is necessary to understand the mechanisms involved, these results may be useful to improve clinical safety margins and sensitivity to detecting small harmonic signals from cavitating MBs.
Design, construction, and dosimetry of 3D printed heterogeneous phantoms for synchrotron brain cancer radiation therapy quality assurance
Authors: Bustillo John Paul O , Paino Jason , Barnes Micah , Cayley James , de Rover Vincent , Cameron Matthew , Engels Elette E M , Tehei Moeava , Beirne Stephen , Wallace Gordon G , Rosenfeld Anatoly B , Lerch Michael L F 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective. This study aims to design, manufacture, and test 3D printed quality assurance (QA) dosimetry phantoms for synchrotron brain cancer radiation therapy at the Australian synchrotron. Approach. Fabricated 3D printed phantoms from simple slab phantoms, a preclinical rat phantom, and an anthropomorphic head phantom were fabricated and characterized. Attenuation measurements of various polymers, ceramics and metals were acquired using synchrotron monochromatic micro-computed tomography (CT) imaging. Polylactic acid plus, VeroClear, Durable resin, and tricalcium phosphate were used in constructing the phantoms. Furthermore, 3D printed bone equivalent materials were compared relative to ICRU bone and hemihydrate plaster. Homogeneous and heterogeneous rat phantoms were designed and fabricated using tissue-equivalent materials. Geometric accuracy, CT imaging, and consistency were considered. Moreover, synchrotron broad-beam x-rays were delivered using a 3 Tesla superconducting multipole wiggler field for four sets of synchrotron radiation beam qualities. Dose measurements were acquired using a PinPoint ionization chamber and compared relative to a water phantom and a RMI457 Solid Water phantom. Experimental depth doses were compared relative to calculated doses using a Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation. Main results. Polylactic acid (PLA+) shows to have a good match with the attenuation coefficient of ICRU water, while both tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite have good attenuation similarity with ICRU bone cortical. PLA+ material can be used as substitute to RMI457 slabs for reference dosimetry with a maximum difference of 1.84%. Percent depth dose measurement also shows that PLA+ has the best match with water and RMI457 within ±2.2% and ±1.6%, respectively. Overall, PLA+ phantoms match with RMI457 phantoms within ±3%. Significance and conclusion. The fabricated phantoms are excellent tissue equivalent equipment for synchrotron radiation dosimetry QA measurement. Both the rat and the anthropomorphic head phantoms are useful in synchrotron brain cancer radiotherapy dosimetry, experiments, and future clinical translation of synchrotron radiotherapy and imaging.
Recovering energy from door opening and closing process using a parallel crank-slider harvester in buildings
Authors: Ren Limin , Wang Shuqing , Zhang Wenqiang , Cao Yubao , Zhang Pan , Wang Xinyu , Tan Yisong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Recovering kinetic energy from the environment is mostly focused on the natural environment, while there is also a huge energy in the human living environment. The swing door is an indispensable equipment in the human living environment. The bidirectional swing of the door opening and closing process is rich in energy generated by human motion and thus has a large potential for energy recovery. An energy harvester for recovering bidirectional kinetic energy of the door in buildings is proposed, fabricated, analyzed, and tested. The energy harvester consists of a parallel crank-slider mechanism, a transmission mechanism and a power generation module. The external linkage is used to connect the door and the energy harvester to transmit the bidirectional swing of the door. The parallel crank-slider mechanism is coupled with two one-way bearings. This can realize the conversion of the bidirectional swing of the door to the unidirectional rotation of the central shaft. The final mechanical rectification effect is achieved. Kinematic and dynamic analyses are performed to determine the factors affecting the power generation performance. A prototype is fabricated, and experiments are conducted on it by simulating the process of opening and closing the door. The experimental results are consistent with the simulation ones. At a normal opening velocity of 90° s−1, the maximum open-circuit voltage of the harvester is 7.06 V and the average output power is 1.03 W. The highest efficiency of the harvester can reach 69.65%. The recovered energy is capable of powering the smart door lock for at least 150 s, as well as powering devices such as door lights and doorbells. This can meet the power supply needs of most electronic devices on doors in human life.