bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinician-Assisted Internet-Based Treatment is Effective for Panic: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wims Edward , Titov Nickolai , Andrews Gavin , Choi Isabella 
Published: June 2010

Objective: To determine the efficacy of an Internet-based clinician-assisted cognitive behavioural treatment program (the Panic program) for panic disorder (with or without agoraphobia). Method: Fifty-nine individuals meeting diagnostic criteria for panic disorder with agoraphobia were randomly assigned to a treatment group or to a waitlist control group. Treatment group participants completed the Panic program, comprising six on-line lessons, weekly homework assignments, received weekly email contact from a psychiatry registrar, and contributed to a moderated online discussion forum with other participants. An intention-to-treat model was used for data analyses. Results: Twenty-three (79%) of treatment group participants completed all lessons within the 8-week program, and post-treatment data were collected from 22/29 treatment group and 22/25 waitlist group participants. Compared to the control group, treatment group participants reported significantly reduced symptoms of panic as measured by the Panic Disorder Severity Scale, Body Sensation Questionnaire, and Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaires. Significant reductions were also reported on measures of disability and depression. The mean within- and between-group effect size (Cohen's d) on the Panic Disorder Severity Scale was 0.93 and 0.59, respectively, and effects were sustained at 1-month follow-up. Mean therapist time per participant was 75 minutes for the program. Conclusions: These results replicate those from the open trial of the Panic Program indicating the efficacy of the Internet-based clinician-assisted cognitive behavioural treatment program for panic disorder with agoraphobia.
Introducing Magnetic Seizure Therapy: A Novel Therapy for Treatment Resistant Depression
Authors: Hoy Kate E. , Fitzgerald Paul B. 
Published: June 2010

Objective: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remains the only established therapy for the large percentage of patients with depression who fail to respond to standard treatments. It is commonly used but has substantial problems including the occurrence of cognitive side effects that are often highly distressing for patients. One highly promising potential alternative is magnetic seizure therapy (MST). This review provides an overview of the cognitive side effects of ECT and the attempts to overcome these, the history and development of MST is then reviewed, and finally a case study of the first patient treated in Australia with MST is presented. Methods: OVID and MEDLINE databases were used to search for the relevant literature. Reviews, meta-analyses and what were considered seminal articles were selected from the ECT literature to provide an overview of this large body of research. All of the known MST published work to date was included in this review. Results: The first patient treated in Australia underwent MST for treatment-resistant depression in October 2009. Extensive pre- and post-psychopathology and neurocognitive assessments were conducted. The patient no longer met criteria for a major depressive episode following eight MST treatments and has remained in remission at evaluations to date. She did not experience any disorientation following treatments and her neurocognitive assessments revealed no apparent MST-related cognitive side effects. Conclusions: Research to date and our current findings provide considerable impetus to continue to vigorously investigate the use of MST in treatment resistant depression.
The evolution of Cayaponia (Cucurbitaceae): Repeated shifts from bat to bee pollination and long‐distance dispersal to Africa 2–5 million years ago
Authors: Duchen Pablo , Renner Susanne S. 
Published: June 2010

• Premise of the study: The Cucurbitaceae genus Cayaponia comprises ∼60 species that occur from Uruguay to the southern United States and the Caribbean; C. africana occurs in West Africa and on Madagascar. Pollination is by bees or bats, raising the question of the evolutionary direction and frequency of pollinator shifts. Studies that investigated such shifts in other clades have suggested that bat pollination might be an evolutionary end point.• Methods: Plastid and nuclear DNA sequences were obtained for 50 accessions representing 30 species of Cayaponia and close relatives, and analyses were carried out to test monophyly, infer divergence times, and reconstruct ancestral states for habitat preferences and pollination modes.• Key results: The phylogeny shows that Cayaponia is monophyletic as long as Selysia (a genus with four species from Central and South America) is included. The required nomenclatural transfers are made in this paper. African and Madagascan accessions of C. africana form a clade that is part of a polytomy with Caribbean and South American species, and the inferred divergence time of 2–5 Ma implies a transoceanic dispersal event from the New World to Africa. The ancestral state reconstructions suggest that Cayaponia originated in tropical forests from where open savannas were reached several times and that bee pollination arose from bat pollination, roughly concomitant with the shifts from forests to savanna habitats.• Conclusions: Cayaponia provides the first example of evolutionary transitions from bat to bee pollination as well as another instance of transoceanic dispersal from the New World to Africa.
Flower heating following anthesis and the evolution of gall midge pollination in Schisandraceae
Authors: Luo Shi‐Xiao , Chaw Shu‐Miaw , Zhang Dianxiang , Renner Susanne S. 
Published: June 2010

• Premise of the study: Flower heating is known from a few species in 11 of the c. 450 families of flowering plants. Flowers in these families produce heat metabolically and are adapted to beetles or flies as pollinators. Here, we focus on the Schisandraceae, an American/Asian plant family known to exhibit flower heating in some species, but not others, raising the question of the adaptive function of heat production.• Methods: We used field observations, experiments, and ancestral trait reconstruction on a molecular phylogeny for Schisandraceae that includes the investigated species.• Key results: At least two Chinese species of Illicium are exclusively pollinated by gall midges that use the flowers as brood sites (not for pollen feeding). Continuous monitoring of flower temperatures revealed that the highest temperatures were attained after the flowers’ sexual functions were over, and experiments showed that post‐anthetic warming benefited larval development, not fruit development. Midge larvae in flowers with trimmed tepals (and hence a lower temperature) died, but fruit set ratios remained unchanged. Based on the DNA phylogeny, gall midge pollination evolved from general fly/beetle pollination several times in Schisandraceae, with some species adapted to flower‐breeding midges, others to pollen‐feeding midges.• Conclusions: Flower heating may be an ancestral trait in Schisandraceae that became co‐opted in species pollinated by flower‐breeding midges requiring long‐persistent warm chambers for larval development.
Injury-Induced Type I IFN Signaling Regulates Inflammatory Responses in the Central Nervous System
Authors: Khorooshi Reza , Owens Trevor 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Innate glial response is critical for the induction of inflammatory mediators and recruitment of leukocytes to sites of the injury in the CNS. We have examined the involvement of type I IFN signaling in the mouse hippocampus following sterile injury (transection of entorhinal afferents). Type I IFNs signal through a receptor (IFNAR), which involves activation of IFN regulatory factor (IRF)9, leading to the induction of IFN-stimulated genes including IRF7, that in turn enhances the induction of type I IFN. Axonal transection induced upregulation of IRF7 and IRF9 in hippocampus. Induction of IRF7 and IRF9 mRNAs was IFNAR dependent. Double-labeling immunofluorescence showed that IRF7 selectively was induced in Mac-1/CD11b+ macrophages/microglia in hippocampus after axonal transection. IRF7 mRNA was also detected in microglia sorted by flow cytometry. Lack of type I IFN signaling resulted in increased leukocyte infiltration into the lesion-reactive hippocampus. Axonal lesion-induced CXCL10 gene expression was abrogated, whereas matrix metalloproteinase 9 mRNA was elevated in IFNAR-deficient mice. Our findings point to a role for type I IFN signaling in regulation of CNS response to sterile injury.
IFN-γ Primes Intact Human Coronary Arteries and Cultured Coronary Smooth Muscle Cells to Double-Stranded RNA- and Self-RNA–Induced Inflammatory Responses by Upregulating TLR3 and Melanoma Differentiation-Associated Gene 5
Authors: Ahmad Usman , Ali Rahmat , Lebastchi Amir H. , Qin Lingfeng , Lo Sheng-fu L. , Yakimov Alexander O. , Khan Salman F. , Choy Jonathan C. , Geirsson Arnar , Pober Jordan S. , Tellides George 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Atherosclerosis of native coronary arteries and graft arteriosclerosis in transplanted hearts are characterized by activation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Nucleic acids generated by infections or cell death have been detected within arteriosclerotic lesions, and it is known that microbial and synthetic nucleic acids evoke inflammatory responses in cultured vascular cells. In this study, we report that model RNA, but not DNA, instigated robust cytokine and chemokine production from intact human coronary arteries containing both intrinsic vascular cells and resident/infiltrating leukocytes. An ssRNA analog induced TNF-α and IFN-γ–induced protein of 10 kDa secretion by isolated human PBMCs, but not vascular cells. Conversely, synthetic dsRNA induced these inflammatory mediators by vascular cells, but not PBMCs. IFN-γ, a cytokine linked to atherosclerosis and graft arteriosclerosis, potentiated the inflammatory responses of intact arteries and cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] and was necessary for inflammatory responses of VSMC to self-RNA derived from autologous cells. IFN-γ also induced the expression of TLR3, melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5, and retinoic acid-inducible gene I dsRNA receptors. Small interfering RNA knockdown revealed that TLR3 mediated VSMC activation by poly(I:C), whereas melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 was more important for VSMC stimulation by self-RNA. IFN-γ–mediated induction of dsRNA receptors and priming for inflammatory responses to poly(I:C) was confirmed in vivo using immunodeficient mice bearing human coronary artery grafts. These findings suggest that IFN-γ, and by inference adaptive immunity, sensitizes the vasculature to innate immune activators, such as RNA, and activation of IFN-γ–primed vascular cells by exogenous or endogenous sources of RNA may contribute to the inflammatory milieu of arteriosclerosis.
A Simple Technique to Prevent External Jugular Vein Compression after Microanastomosis
Authors: Yadav Prabha S , Ahmad Quazi G , Shankhdhar Vinay K , Nambi GI 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
External jugular vein (EJV) is one of the most commonly used veins for microanastomosis in head and reconstruction. Being in the subcutaneous plane, the EJV is prone for compression from both external and internal factors after mobilization for anastomosis. To prevent this, we describe a technique where a trench is created in the sternomastoid muscle in which the EJV is placed safely and prevented from compression.
Goiter and Airway Control
Authors: Tripathi Mukesh 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACT
Goiter or thyroid swelling in neck has been known to be a risk factor for difficulty in airway management during anesthesia and surgery. The factors associated with difficult direct laryngoscopy and intubations in any patient are also the factors to predict difficult intubation in goiter patients. The huge goiter and long standing goiter especially with intrathoracic extension predispose for tracheomalacia. The tracheomalacia can be diagnosed during surgery but the airway obstruction usually develops after the extubation. Tracheostomy may be required in the event of loss of airway. A better understanding by surgeons and the anesthesiologists about the airway problems in goiter shall improve the outcome
A Successful Strategy for Recruiting Elderly Patients with Mild Hyperparathyroidism into a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Perrier Nancy D , Mammen Joshua MV , Rafeeq Safia , Holmes Holly , Thompson Nancy E , Gantela Swaroop 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACT

Objective
Effective strategies that improve the inclusion of older persons in clinical trials are needed to better characterize and treat chronic conditions that affect elderly patients. Especially challenging is the recruitment of the elderly into treatment trials for chronic conditions with vague symptoms, as is the case for primary hyperparathyroidism. The incidence of primary hyperparathyroidism increases with age, and the disease may present with symptoms that are difficult to objectively measure but contribute to decline of function and quality of life. Understanding the optimal treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism necessitates inclusion of greater numbers of older persons in treatment trials. As a part of our study of asymptomatic hyperparathyroidism, we also devised a strategy to recruit and retain older persons in a randomized surgical trial for primary hyperparathyroidism.

Design
Individuals greater than 60 years of age who did not meet established criteria for surgical intervention for primary hyperparathyroidism were offered the opportunity to participate in a clinical study evaluating the benefits of immediate minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) vs medical observation.

Intervention
Strategies to encourage participation and compliance included compensation for incidental expenses of lodging, meals, and travel for clinic visits related to the study as well as regular interaction with an experienced study coordinator.

Measurements
Study participation included formal neurocognitive evaluations, functional magnetic resonance brain imaging, functional performance batteries, and sleep studies over a 6-month period.

Results
Thirty-five individuals ranging in age from 61 to 79 years were screened for participation. Nine individuals were ineligible, and 14 of eligible individuals consented to participate in the study. Among the 12 eligible individuals who declined to participate, the most common reason identified was distance to study center.

Conclusion
We report an effective strategy to recruit a substantial proportion of eligible elderly individuals as subjects in a study of treatment strategies for a medical condition with few overt symptoms.
Parathyroid Carcinoma, a Rare Entity with Varying Presentation and Treatment
Authors: Haar Ronald W Ter , Valk Gerlof D , Rinkes Inne HM Borel , Vriens Menno R 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTBackgroundParathyroid carcinoma is a rare entity that has diverse presentation and diverse treatments. This case-series highlights the atypical and diverse presentation of parathyroid carcinoma and stresses the importance of the diagnostic approach and intraoperative strategy.MethodsWe report three patients with parathyroid cancer.ResultsIn one patient, a parathyroid lesion was found to be a parathyroid carcinoma intraoperatively, resulting in a change of operative strategy. In another, parathyroid carcinoma was suspected preoperatively and was treated accordingly. A third patient presented with an already a metastasized parathyroid carcinoma.ConclusionThe diagnostic approach and intraoperative strategy are instrumental to determining the best treatment and yielding the best outcome.
Adrenal Lymphoma: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Kanwar Jaya Bhanu 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACT
Adrenal lymphoma is a rare diagnosis in subject presenting with bilateral adrenal masses. Adrenal insufficiency is a common complication of this disease. Most cases of primary adrenal lymphoma (PAL) present with adrenal insufficiency and huge bilateral adrenal masses. These are very aggressive tumors with poor prognosis. We, hereby, report two subjects of adrenal lymphoma presenting with bilateral adrenal masses. First case is a 50 years old male presented with features of adrenal insufficiency like anorexia, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, and generalized hyperpigmentation. Routine investigations revealed hyponatremia, normal serum K; serum lactate dehydrogenase was moderately elevated. Primary adrenal insufficiency was confirmed by low basal and cosyntrophin stimulated cortisol. CT abdomen revealed huge bilateral heterogeneous enlargement of adrenal glands. Lymphoma was confirmed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry, diagnosis of PAL was made after further staging. He was treated with Rituximab-CHOP regimen. Second case, 50 years old lady presented with fever, anorexia, weight loss. She had generalized lymphadenopathy. On imaging found to have bilateral adrenal mass, and histopathology from lymph node, breast mass and adrenal mass was suggestive of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Jaw Tumor: An Uncommon Presenting Manifestation of Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Phitayakorn Roy , McHenry Christopher R 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
To report two unusual cases of primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) that initially manifested with a “ jaw tumor” and to discuss the clinical implications of a giant cell granuloma vs an ossifying fibroma of the jaw.

Material and methods
The history, physical examination, laboratory values and the imaging and pathologic findings are described in two patients who presented with a “jaw tumor” and were subsequently diagnosed with primary HPT. The diagnosis and management of osteitis fibrosa cystica and HPT-jaw tumor syndrome are reviewed.

Results
Patient #1 was a 70-year-old male who presented with hypercalcemia, severe jaw pain, and an enlarging mass in his mandible. Biopsy of the mass revealed a giant cell tumor and he was subsequently diagnosed with primary HPT. A sestamibi scan demonstrated a single focus of abnormal radiotracer accumulation, corresponding to a 13,470 mg parathyroid adenoma, which was resected. Postoperatively, the serum calcium normalized and the giant cell granuloma regressed spontaneously.
Patient #2 was a 36-year-old male with four incidentally discovered tumors of the mandible and maxilla, who was diagnosed with normocalcemic HPT and vitamin D deficiency. Biopsy of one of the tumors revealed an ossifying fibroma. Bilateral neck exploration revealed a 2480 mg right inferior parathyroid adenoma, which was resected. Postoperative genetic testing revealed an HRPT2 gene mutation. He subsequently underwent resection of an enlarging ossifying fibroma of the mandible with secondary reconstruction.

Conclusions
A “jaw tumor” in a patient with primary HPT may be a manifestation of osteitis fibrosa cystica or HPT-jaw tumor syndrome underscoring the importance of biopsy and genetic testing for management and follow-up.
Concerning the Use of Doppler and 3-D Ultrasound in the Teaching of Gross Anatomy in a New Curriculum Featuring the Use of Clinical Presentation Schemes
Authors: Black Asa C 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAlthough gross anatomical instruction has always been considered a foundation for medical education and practice, curricular changes have altered the manner in which it is taught. The integration of basic biomedical sciences began with the case-western reserve curriculum. Under the leadership of Dr. Henry Mandin, the University of Calgary School of Medicine developed a program of medical instruction based on 120 clinical presentation schemes. The Paul L Foster School of Medicine is currently using this approach in teaching its first class of freshman medical students.Three-dimensional ultrasound and the other visual modalities—radiography, computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)—have greatly increased our ability to visualize anatomical structures. Three-dimensional ultrasound has great potential for use in the curriculum at Paul L Foster School of Medicine. For example, it can help the student differentiate between the varieties of pelvic mass, which can be subdivided into ovarian, tubal, and uterine causes. This paper demonstrates the ways that Doppler threedimensional ultrasound can help the student differentiate between these anatomical diagnoses. Coupling ultrasound with the histopathologic study of various lesions can provide a powerful visual learning tool that mimics the use of these techniques in a clinical setting.
The Ethics of Implementing First-trimester Risk Assessment
Authors: Chervenak Frank A , McCullough Laurence B 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFirst trimester risk assessment has become a reliable screening tool for trisomy 21, replacing age-based risk assessment. On the basis of the ethical concept of the physician as fiduciary, the professional virtues of integrity and self-sacrifice, and the ethical principles of respect for autonomy, beneficence, and justice, we argue that the obstetrician has an ethical obligation to routinely offer pregnant women first trimester risk assessment in high quality centers. We then argue that both obstetricians and specialists in risk assessment have a strict ethical obligation to identify, responsibly manage, and disclose both economic and non-economic conflicts of interests, especially when they are hidden Ethics is an essential dimension of implementation of first trimester risk assessment for trisomy 21.
Fetal Behavior in High-risk Pregnancies Assessed by Two-Dimensional (2D) and Three-Dimensional/Four-Dimensional (3D)/(4D) Ultrasound: A Review
Authors: Tikvica Ana , Miskovic Berivoj , Ahmed Badreldeen 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDirect assessment of functional development of the fetal central nervous system is not possible, but the assessment of fetal behavior may provide the possibility to distinct between normal and abnormal brain development. Since the ultrasonographic technique allowed the investigation of spontaneous fetal motor activity in utero first studies of spontaneous prenatal movements and fetal behavior were performed and published. 2D ultrasound was considered somewhat subjective method because information needs observer interpretation. The latest development of three-dimensional (3D) and four dimensional (4D) sonography that overcame some of the limitations of 2D methods enable precise study of fetal and even embryonic activity and behavior. In the following text we reviewed the literature on the behavior in the high-risk pregnancies for cerebral palsy assessed by the ultrasonographic techniques.
Basics on 3D Ultrasound
Authors: Cruz Lúcio Borges 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
In the last few years, technology has progressed to make ultrasound imaging a viable tool. Following Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of 3-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) in November 1997, interest has increased to get more benefits from this new advance.
Scientific advances in imaging processing in recent years have taken ultrasound into the next generation. Until recently, processing speeds were still too slow to offer real time benefit to 3D ultrasound systems. New developments with motion estimation and imaging registration techniques can allow 3D data acquisition to be accomplished without the need for position sensing devices.
The purpose of this article is to review the basics on 3DUS, 3DUS the method and its mains advantages, limitations as well as to mention some frequent pitfalls. It is also aimed to remark important points in pre- and postprocessing.