bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microphysical Properties of Glaciating Cumulus Clouds: Comparison of Measurements With A Numerical Simulation
Authors: Beheng K. D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObservational data on the time evolution of the concentrations of drops and ice particles in glaciating cumuli exhibiting an ice particle enhancement mechanism are compared with results of a mathematical simulation model. the model deals with kinetic equations for each type of cloud particle. Sensitivity tests concerning parameters related to the rime‐splinter process show that observations and numerical simulation results agree well when a rate corresponding to 140 to 250 droplets with diameter greater than 20‐25 μm producing one ice splinter is applied. Moreover, in estimating from model results the time interval over which the ice particle concentration increases by a factor of 104, a reasonable span of 50 min is obtained.
Counter‐propagating rossby waves in the barotropic rayleigh model of shear instability
Authors: Heifetz E. , Bishop C. H. , Alpert P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWave development, using Rayleigh's 1880 model of barotropic, inviscid and incompressible flow, with a mean zonal wind which is linearly sheared between two edges, is described in terms of the interaction between two counter‐propagating Rossby waves (CRWs). Although the solutions described by this approach could also be described by a sum of the normal modes originally obtained by Rayleigh, we offer a CRW description of Rayleigh's model because it provides a useful pedagogical framework for illustrating, in a precise and quantifiable manner, the interacting Rossby wave view of instability. A CRW interpretation of a modified version of the Rayleigh model, consisting of a jet‐like flow featuring two strips of vorticity with opposite signs, is also given.
Evolution and mesoscale structure of a polar low outbreak
Authors: Hewson T. D. , Craig G. C. , Claud C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn observational study of an unusual ‘polar low outbreak’ is described in which four lows formed in succession near south‐east Iceland. Because all the lows tracked south‐east, close to Scotland, an unusually dense network of surface observations was available for analysis, including radar. This complemented the geostationary and polar‐orbiting satellite data that are more commonly used in polar low studies.Each of the four polar lows displayed a different structure and evolution. The first was a circular convective low, the second a relatively weak surface signature of an upper‐level feature, while the final two cyclones appeared as a wave train, with one cyclone decaying and the other developing into an intense disturbance.Because of the high resolution of the surface data, it was possible to identify, unambiguously, mesoscale frontal features within the polar lows. These are described in detail. A close examination was made of the final intense low, which showed that its evolution and frontal structure closely matched those found in standard conceptual models of rapidly developing maritime cyclones. This polar low also showed evidence of a warm core, and symmetric instability within an extensive ‘cloud head’.
Biosphere—atmosphere interactions over West Africa. II: Multiple climate equilibria
Authors: Wang Guiling , Eltahir Elfatih A. B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper presents both theoretical and numerical analyses on the multiple‐equilibrium nature of the regional climate system in West Africa. Based on simple analyses on how the coupled biosphere—atmosphere system responds to vegetation perturbations within the scope of a dynamic ecosystem, we propose that the regional climate system may have multiple equilibrium states coexisting under the same precessional forcing. Using a synchronously coupled biosphere‐atmosphere model which includes explicit representation of ecosystem dynamics, we show that the equilibrium state of the model is sensitive to initial vegetation distribution. This modelling result supports the existence of multiple climate equilibria. Using the same model, further experiments are canied out to investigate how the coupled system responds to non‐permanent vegetation perturbations. Our results demonstrate how transitions between different climate equilibria can take place when governed by the two‐way biosphere‐atmosphere feedback. These findings advance our understanding regarding the mechanisms of climate variability over West Africa.
The Impact of Relocating Vasectomies from Hospital Outpatient Departments to Non-Hospital Sites
Authors: Young Wendy , Goel Vivek 
Published: July 2010

The objective of this study was to estimate the net dollar value of hospital resources that would be released if vasectomies currently performed in outpatient departments were performed in non-hospital sites. This article provides a descriptive analysis using administrative data for all non-hospital sites and all acute care institutions in Ontario performing vasectomies. It is based on 23,741 records of patients for whom a vasectomy was billed to the Ontario Health Insurance Plan (OHIP) in 1991–92. No substantial differences in the age distribution of patients were seen in non-hospital sites and those in hospital settings. About 75% of hospital outpatients received a local anesthetic that could have been administered in a non-hospital setting. Approximately $4.4 million in hospital resources would be released if 75% of all outpatient vasectomies were performed in non-hospital settings while OHIP billings would increase only by about $140,000. The demands on hospital funds available for patient activity could have been decreased by about $6.2 million, if this shift had occurred in 1991–92. Although opportunities exist in Ontario to release hospital resources by shifting vasectomies to non-hospital sites, current hospital and physician funding policies may represent a disincentive to shift activity away from institutional-based care.
Multiskilling — Re-Engineering Work Process
Authors: Marshall Kerry 
Published: July 2010

Many North American companies have recognized the need to re-engineer their core processes to achieve breakthrough improvements in cost, service and efficiency. In fact, it is estimated that U.S. companies alone will spend millions on business re-engineering projects this year. But change experts say that most re-engineering is in name only, cautiously tackling only one process or department at a time. Even fewer hospitals have attempted this magnitude of change. Toronto's Sunnybrook Health Science Centre is the first institution of its size in Canada to embark on a multifaceted re-engineering strategy toward a model of patient focused care. The following is an overview of Sunnybrook's experience with the first of these strategies: multiskilling service workers. The concept of multiskilling provides for a focus on redesigning job classifications to broaden the scope of responsibility. For Sunnybrook, this entailed the amalgamation of six service positions — unit aide, health care aide, dietary aide, orderly, porter, housekeeper and attendant into one service assistant position.
A Paradigm Shift in Providing Care for the HIV/AIDS Patient
Authors: Tsasis Peter , Tsoukas Christos 
Published: July 2010

The authors report on a detailed cost study of HIV-infected patients receiving treatment at the McGill medical facilities. The results indicated that a home care setting is a cost-efficient site in which to care for an AIDS patient, with care provided in other settings when required. As the number of people with AIDS increases, efforts are needed to develop alternative care services for those infected with the virus. What is required would seem to be a service delivery system which would ensure cost-effective continuity of care across a continuum of services geared to varying levels of independence and illness severity.
Gaining ISO 9001: the experience of Oxford Journals
Authors: SMITH Maxine 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTWhilst experience of ISO 9001 is relatively commonplace in the printing industry, few publishers have implemented the standard to any significant degree. This case study explains why and how Oxford Journals went about obtaining ISO 9001:2008 certification. The overall objective of gaining this certification was to create a standardized framework for the processes by which high‐quality products were created and service given, to the satisfaction of all customers. Oxford Journals wanted to demonstrate to societies, editors, authors, and subscribers that there was a robust methodology in place for the management of quality in relation to its operational processes. This case study documents what Oxford Journals had to do in order to gain this certification, the timescales involved, how the project was initiated, the preparations for the external audit, and how the ongoing maintenance of the certification is now handled. It also considers some lessons that were learned during the certification process.
Is it worth establishing institutional repositories? The strategies for open access to Spanish peer‐reviewed articles
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ‐ARMENTIA Nerea , AMAT Carlos B. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTWe examine open access to the Spanish scientific literature via investigation of a sample of peer‐reviewed articles in seven subject categories. Of the 28,259 papers published in 2000, 26.89% were freely accessible, with the share varying among disciplines. Articles in the social and behavioral sciences were the most widely available for free. This disciplinary divide applies also to the strategies used to offer open access to documents. In clinical medicine, life sciences, arts and humanities and social sciences open access was mainly based on the publishers' side, while subject‐based repositories were dominant in physical, chemical and earth sciences and deposit on homepages was the preferred strategy in engineering, computing and technology. Institutional and general repositories seem to play a minor role in providing free access to the Spanish peer‐reviewed literature. Papers published in commercial journals are less accessible than those that appear in non‐commercial journals, and we found overlaps in almost 20% of papers deposited. The fastest way to gain open access is to deposit in subject‐based repositories and the longest delays are related to deposits in homepages and especially to institutional repositories. Open access to Spanish peer‐reviewed articles is dominated by the passive mechanism of the “gold route” and the editorial strategy with self‐archiving practices in the minority and directed mainly towards subject‐based repositories and homepage posting of the papers. The results of this study could serve as a reference point for further study on the evolution of open access in Spain.
The quest for visibility of scientific journals in Latin America
Authors: ESTRADA‐MEJÍA Catalina , FORERO‐PINEDA Clemente 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThis article studies the strategies for visibility of some of the most outstanding publications from Mexico, Venezuela, Brazil, Chile, Argentina, and Colombia, and the relationship between open access and the visibility of these journals. By means of in‐depth interviews with the editors, we explored their indexing and circulation strategies and examined certain organizational and contextual variables that may have helped them to remain in circulation. We also considered whether a combination of electronic publication and open access to the contents of the journals have increased the visibility of science from these developing countries. When these journals were not available electronically, even if they were distributed at no cost, their distribution was necessarily selective, and one could not properly speak of open access; once they were put on the Web, however, they became widely available at no cost to the reader. The editors' views on open access are also explored.
ExTopoDB: a database of experimentally derived topological models of transmembrane proteins
Authors: Tsaousis Georgios N. , Tsirigos Konstantinos D. , Andrianou Xanthi D. , Liakopoulos Theodore D. , Bagos Pantelis G. , Hamodrakas Stavros J. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Summary: ExTopoDB is a publicly accessible database of experimentally derived topological models of transmembrane proteins. It contains information collected from studies in the literature that report the use of biochemical methods for the determination of the topology of α-helical transmembrane proteins. Transmembrane protein topology is highly important in order to understand their function and ExTopoDB provides an up to date, complete and comprehensive dataset of experimentally determined topologies of α-helical transmembrane proteins. Topological information is combined with transmembrane topology prediction resulting in more reliable topological models.
Availability: http://bioinformatics.biol.uoa.gr/ExTopoDB
Contact: shamodr@biol.uoa.gr
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Hepcidin‐25 is a marker of the response rather than resistance to exogenous erythropoietin in chronic kidney disease/chronic heart failure patients†
Authors: van der Putten Karien , Jie Kim E. , van den Broek Daan , Kraaijenhagen Rob J. , Laarakkers Coby , Swinkels Dorine W. , Braam Branko , Gaillard Carlo A. 
Published: July 2010

AimsErythropoietin (EPO) resistance, an important cause of anaemia in patients with heart and renal failure, is associated with increased mortality. The hypothesis of the present study was that exogenous EPO decreases hepcidin levels and that the decrease in hepcidin levels upon EPO treatment is related to the bone marrow response.Methods and resultsIn the EPOCARES trial, patients with renal failure (glomerular filtration rate 20–70 mL/min), heart failure, and anaemia were randomized to receive 50 IU/kg/week EPO (n = 20) or not (n = 13). Haemoglobin (Hb), hepcidin‐25, ferritin, reticulocytes, serum transferrin receptor (sTfR), IL‐6, and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein were measured at baseline and during treatment. Hepcidin‐25 was measured by weak cation exchange chromatography/matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Baseline hepcidin levels were increased compared with a healthy reference population and were inversely correlated with Hb (r2 = 0.18, P = 0.02), and positively with ferritin (r2 = 0.51, P < 0.001), but not with renal function, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein or IL‐6. Erythropoietin treatment increased reticulocytes (P < 0.001) and sTfR (P < 0.001), and decreased hepcidin (P < 0.001). Baseline hepcidin levels and the magnitude of the decrease in hepcidin correlated with the increase in reticulocytes (r2 = 0.23, P = 0.03) and sTfR (r2 = 0.23, P = 0.03) and also with the Hb response after 6 months (r2 = 0.49, P = 0.001).ConclusionIn this group of patients with combined heart and renal failure and anaemia, increased hepcidin levels were associated with markers of iron load and not with markers of inflammation. The (change in) hepcidin levels predicted early and long‐term bone marrow response to exogenous EPO. In our group hepcidin seems to reflect iron load and response to EPO rather than inflammation and EPO resistance.
Academic libraries in transition: some leadership issues – a viewpoint
Authors: Moropa Robert 
Published: July 2010

PurposeAcademic libraries, in general and more specifically in Africa, are at varying stages of decline: they are gradually being dislodged as top “go‐to” places. This paper aims to suggest that leaders of academic libraries turn to the private sector to learn strategies through which this decline can be stopped or even reversed.Design/methodology/approachThe aim of this paper is to facilitate that learning process by identifying and analysing the errors or mistakes committed by leaders of other organisations, especially those that were once regarded as successful. The literature that focuses on this phenomenon will be scanned with a view to learning more about once successful companies that failed.FindingsFactors such as arrogance, complacency and denial have been identified as some of the factors that contributed towards their failure.Practical implicationsThe paper concludes with a discussion of this experience at the University of Pretoria and the strategies applied to prevent it from being marginalized.Originality/valueThe value of the paper lies in the identification and suggestion of a practical method, which leaders of academic libraries can employ in preventing or reversing the decline of their libraries.
Gender‐role views and gift‐giving behaviors in Israel
Authors: Dalakas Vassilis , Shoham Aviv 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThe paper intends to enrich the set of national contexts used so far in studies about gift‐giving. It also intends to test the unique explanatory power of the dimensions of egalitarianism.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a survey methodology with an Israeli sample.FindingsThe results suggest that egalitarianism affects gift‐giving behaviors only for females and anniversary presents.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is not cross‐cultural per se. Thus, further research is needed in nations that are maximally different from the USA and Israel on their cultural dimensions.Practical implicationsStrong social norms about gift‐giving “protocol” may override the effect of egalitarianism attitudes on gift‐giving behavior. Thus, marketers can benefit greatly from creating, nurturing, and promoting ritualistic and structured gift‐giving situations.Originality/valueThe paper examines gift‐giving in Israel, a culturally different setting than the USA and other developed nations. It also extends the use of gender‐role attitudes, especially egalitarianism, as a predictor of gift‐giving behaviors.
Shifts in Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Anglican and Protestant Ecclesiology from 1965 to 2006
Authors: Fahey Michael 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDrawing upon his thirty years experience of teaching ecclesiology, the author tries to identify some developments and paradigm shifts he recognizes as having influenced theological reflection on the Church in Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Anglican, and Protestant contexts. He contrasts the present-day situation of Catholics to the isolationist doldrums that characterized the post-Modernist and pre-Vatican II eras. The impact of the Faith and Order Commission of the World Council of Churches was already notable when Catholics belatedly began to participate in ecumenical dialogue. Various advances in ecclesiology can be identified, especially the use of 'communion' ecclesiology. Negatively, the achievements of ecumenical exchanges are little known by the faithful and rarely cited by church leaders. Canonical regulations especially affecting eucharistic hospitality do not take into consideration the doctrinal consensuses that have emerged. A select bibliography is appended.
The Mixed Solution to the Number Problem
Authors: Peterson Martin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractYou must either save a group of m people or a group of n people. If there are no morally relevant differences among the people, which group should you save? This problem is known as the number problem. The recent discussion has focussed on three proposals: (i) Save the greatest number of people, (ii) Toss a fair coin, or (iii) Set up a weighted lottery, in which the probability of saving m people is m/m+n, and the probability of saving n people is n/m+n. This contribution examines a fourth alternative, the mixed solution, according to which both fairness and the total number of people saved count. It is shown that the mixed solution can be defended without assuming the possibility of interpersonal comparisons of value.
Nogle Bemærkninger Om Islands Folkeretlige Stilling
Authors: Arnórsson Einar 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNaar man skal fremstille Islands folkeretlige Stilling maa man sondre mellem Islands folkeretlige Stilling i Forholdet til Danmark og Islands folkeretlige Stilling i Almindelighed. Det er mest hensigtsmocssigt først at behandle Islands folkeretlige Stilling i Forholdet til Danmark, fordi den i det vaesentlige danner Grundlaget for Islands folkeretlige Stilling i Almindelighed.
Legal Standing for NGOs in Environmental Matters under the Aarhus Convention and under Community and National Law
Authors: Ziehm Cornelia 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFor some thirty years or more, there have been calls in Germany for non-governmental organisations (NGOs) to be given legal standing to ensure correct application and enforcement of environmental law1. The German Advisory Council on the Environment (SRU) has long advocated such legal standing for NGOs2, emphasising in particular that the right to bring a representative action in no way constitutes privileged treatment of environmental interests. Rather, it redresses the inequalities of a legal system that places the interests of environment users above those of environment protection3. The representative action has to be seen as a much-needed form of legal standing for public interests that have up to now been unenforceable before the courts. The following article describes the practical experiences with legal standing for NGOs and the relevance of the judiciary, deals with the core elements of the Aarhus Convention, the Directives 2003/4/EC, 2003/35/FC and the proposal for a directive on access to justice in environmental matters and displays the respective comments and recommendations of the Council.
The Effects of Acclimation and Low Temperatures on Enzyme Activities in Larvae of Ephestia kuehniella Zell. (Lep., Pyralidae)
Authors: Sømme Lauritz 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFollowing acclimation at 20° or 6° and exposure at -6° levels of enzyme activities were studied in larvae of Ephestia kuehniella. The activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, catalases, proteinases and acetylcholine esterase were all affected by the acclimation temperatures. Some enzymes, like 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and acid phosphatases, showed different levels of activity after exposure at -6° depending on previous acclimation. After exposure at -6° the activities of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatases and acetylcholine esterase in larvae injected with glycerol were similar to those of larvae acclimated at 6°. Oxygen consumption and activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase and trehalase were not influenced by previous temperature treatments. It appears that various enzymes are affected in different ways by acclimation and exposure at low temperatures. It is suggested that a better balance of various enzyme activities are maintained at low temperatures in larvae acclimated at 6° or injected with glycerol. The results also indicate that resistance acclimation in this species is regulated by mechanisms that do not include capacity acclimation.
Zur Kenntnis der Käferfauna der Kanarischen Inseln 17-18. Berichtigung
Authors: Palm Thure 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMacrocoma occidentalis Palm (Ent. scand. 7:98-102. 1976) is renamed palmaensis n. nom., the name having been preoccupied since 1914 (Escalera: "Los coleopteres Marruecos", pag. 517-518) by Pseudoeolaspis (a synonym of macrocoma) occidentalis Esc.
The small nymphs of Diura nanseni (Kempny) (Plecoptera)
Authors: Saltveit Svein Jakob 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA description of the development of the maxilla and the changes in colour pattern of the immature nymphs of the stonefly Diura nanseni is given. The maxillae of these nymphs differed from the description given for larger nymphs used in keys. The colour pattern of these nymphs was also different.