bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Postoperative Pain in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Coblation Tonsillectomy versus Cautery Tonsillectomy
Authors: Jones Dwight T. , Kenna Margaret A. , Guidi Jessica , Huang Lin , Johnston Patrick R. , Licameli Greg R. 
Published: April 2011

ObjectiveTo compare postoperative pain scores between monopolar electrocautery and coblation subcapsular tonsillectomy.Study DesignProspective double‐blind randomized study.SettingTertiary care children’s hospital.Subjects and MethodsBetween December 2004 and April 2008, 61 children, ages 4 to 20 years (mean age, 10 years; SD, 4 years), were randomized to have one tonsil removed by electrocautery and the other tonsil removed by coblation. Subjects used the FACES scale to rate pain on each side immediately postoperatively, 2 days postoperatively, and 2 weeks postoperatively. Postoperative hemorrhage was also tracked.ResultsCoblation tonsillectomy resulted in statistically less pain than electrocautery immediately after surgery, but this difference was not clinically significant.ConclusionsPediatric pain is similar following monopolar electrocautery or coblation subcapsular tonsillectomy.
The Challenge of Protocols for Reflux Disease
Authors: Altman Kenneth W. , Prufer Neil , Vaezi Michael F. 
Published: April 2011

ObjectivesGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) are very common and controversial diseases. The authors have previously reviewed clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) on reflux disease, and these major consensus statements differ on what constitutes ideal management. The aim is to critically review existing protocols for reflux based on CPG recommendations and to present a refined protocol that may be further used to develop a critical pathway for reflux in ambulatory medical practice.Study DesignLiterature review with discussion.MethodsA PubMed search was used to identify current clinical protocols or algorithms for reflux disease, and the principal elements of each were compared.ResultsOf the 828 articles identified in the search, 11 met the search criteria. Together with 4 articles previously identified, 15 were analyzed. All protocols discuss the important role of empiric therapy, although with differences in use. Only 5 protocols (33%) were based on systematic review such as CPGs. Eight protocols (53%) used alarm symptoms to prompt a workup. For these patients, upper endoscopy was by far the most common diagnostic method. The use of other modalities varies significantly between protocols. The authors propose a standard protocol based on patient risk factors that employs CPG recommendations and may be used for critical pathway outcomes measures.ConclusionThere are major differences between existing protocols for reflux disease in the literature, reflecting many clinical controversies. Outcomes of different protocols have not been extensively studied. The authors propose a new protocol that is a synthesis of those reviewed and based on risk stratification.
A novel animal model of Epstein-Barr virus–associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in humanized mice
Authors: Sato Kei , Misawa Naoko , Nie Chuanyi , Satou Yorifumi , Iwakiri Dai , Matsuoka Masao , Takahashi Rei , Kuzushima Kiyotaka , Ito Mamoru , Takada Kenzo , Koyanagi Yoshio 
Published: April 2011

AbstractEBV-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV-HLH) is a rare yet devastating disorder caused by EBV infection in humans. However, the mechanism of this disease has yet to be elucidated because of a lack of appropriate animal models. Here, we used a human CD34+ cell-transplanted humanized mouse model and reproduced pathologic conditions resembling EBV-HLH in humans. By 10 weeks postinfection, two-thirds of the infected mice died after exhibiting high and persistent viremia, leukocytosis, IFN-γ cytokinenemia, normocytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia. EBV-infected mice also showed systemic organ infiltration by activated CD8+ T cells and prominent hemophagocytosis in BM, spleen, and liver. Notably, the level of EBV load in plasma correlated directly with both the activation frequency of CD8+ T cells and the level of IFN-γ in plasma. Moreover, high levels of EBV-encoded small RNA1 were detected in plasma of infected mice, reflecting what has been observed in patients. These findings suggest that our EBV infection model mirrors virologic, hematologic, and immunopathologic aspects of EBV-HLH. Furthermore, in contrast to CD8+ T cells, we found a significant decrease of natural killer cells, myeloid dendritic cells, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the spleens of infected mice, suggesting that the collapse of balanced immunity associates with the progression of EBV-HLH pathogenesis.
Comparisons of host mitochondrial, nuclear and endosymbiont bacterial genes reveal cryptic fig wasp species and the effects of Wolbachiaon host mtDNA evolution and diversity
Authors: Sun Xiao-Jing , Xiao Jin-Hua , Cook James M , Feng Gui , Huang Da-Wei 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
Figs and fig-pollinating wasp species usually display a highly specific one-to-one association. However, more and more studies have revealed that the "one-to-one" rule has been broken. Co-pollinators have been reported, but we do not yet know how they evolve. They may evolve from insect speciation induced or facilitated by Wolbachia which can manipulate host reproduction and induce reproductive isolation. In addition, Wolbachia can affect host mitochondrial DNA evolution, because of the linkage between Wolbachia and associated mitochondrial haplotypes, and thus confound host phylogeny based on mtDNA. Previous research has shown that fig wasps have the highest incidence of Wolbachia infection in all insect taxa, and Wolbachia may have great influence on fig wasp biology. Therefore, we look forward to understanding the influence of Wolbachia on mitochondrial DNA evolution and speciation in fig wasps.

Results
We surveyed 76 pollinator wasp specimens from nine Ficus microcarpa trees each growing at a different location in Hainan and Fujian Provinces, China. We found that all wasps were morphologically identified as Eupristina verticillata, but diverged into three clades with 4.22-5.28% mtDNA divergence and 2.29-20.72% nuclear gene divergence. We also found very strong concordance between E. verticillata clades and Wolbachia infection status, and the predicted effects of Wolbachia on both mtDNA diversity and evolution by decreasing mitochondrial haplotypes.

Conclusions
Our study reveals that the pollinating wasp E. verticillata on F. microcarpa has diverged into three cryptic species, and Wolbachia may have a role in this divergence. The results also indicate that Wolbachia strains infecting E. verticillata have likely resulted in selective sweeps on host mitochondrial DNA.
Comparative genomic analyses identify common molecular pathways modulated upon exposure to low doses of arsenic and cadmium
Authors: Benton Margaret Ann , Rager Julia E , Smeester Lisa , Fry Rebecca C 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Background
Exposure to the toxic metals arsenic and cadmium is associated with detrimental health effects including cancers of various organs. While arsenic and cadmium are well known to cause adverse health effects at high doses, the molecular impact resulting from exposure to environmentally relevant doses of these metals remains largely unexplored.

Results
In this study, we examined the effects of in vitro exposure to either arsenic or cadmium in human TK6 lymphoblastoid cells using genomics and systems level pathway mapping approaches. A total of 167 genes with differential expression were identified following exposure to either metal with surprisingly no overlap between the two. Real-time PCR was used to confirm target gene expression changes. The gene sets were overlaid onto protein-protein interaction maps to identify metal-induced transcriptional networks. Interestingly, both metal-induced networks were significantly enriched for proteins involved in common biological processes such as tumorigenesis, inflammation, and cell signaling. These findings were further supported by gene set enrichment analysis.

Conclusions
This study is the first to compare the transcriptional responses induced by low dose exposure to cadmium and arsenic in human lymphoblastoid cells. These results highlight that even at low levels of exposure both metals can dramatically influence the expression of important cellular pathways.
Solar light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution over ZnIn2S4 loaded with transition-metal sulfides
Authors: Shen Shaohua , Chen Xiaobo , Ren Feng , Kronawitter Coleman X , Mao Samuel S , Guo Liejin 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA series of Pt-loaded MS/ZnIn2S4 (MS = transition-metal sulfide: Ag2S, SnS, CoS, CuS, NiS, and MnS) photocatalysts was investigated to show various photocatalytic activities depending on different transition-metal sulfides. Thereinto, CoS, NiS, or MnS-loading lowered down the photocatalytic activity of ZnIn2S4, while Ag2S, SnS, or CuS loading enhanced the photocatalytic activity. After loading 1.0 wt.% CuS together with 1.0 wt.% Pt on ZnIn2S4, the activity for H2 evolution was increased by up to 1.6 times, compared to the ZnIn2S4 only loaded with 1.0 wt.% Pt. Here, transition-metal sulfides such as CuS, together with Pt, acted as the dual co-catalysts for the improved photocatalytic performance. This study indicated that the application of transition-metal sulfides as effective co-catalysts opened up a new way to design and prepare high-efficiency and low-cost photocatalysts for solar-hydrogen conversion.
Preparation and characterization of carbon nanofluid by a plasma arc nanoparticles synthesis system
Authors: Teng Tun-Ping , Cheng Ching-Min , Pai Feng-Yi 
Published: April 2011

AbstractHeat dissipation from electrical appliances is a significant issue with contemporary electrical devices. One factor in the improvement of heat dissipation is the heat transfer performance of the working fluid. In this study, we used plasma arc technology to produce a nanofluid of carbon nanoparticles dispersed in distilled water. In a one-step synthesis, carbon was simultaneously heated and vaporized in the chamber, the carbon vapor and particles were then carried to a collector, where cooling furnished the desired carbon/water nanofluid. The particle size and shape were determined using the light-scattering size analyzer, SEM, and TEM. Crystal morphology was examined by XRD. Finally, the characterization include thermal conductivity, viscosity, density and electric conductivity were evaluated by suitable instruments under different temperatures. The thermal conductivity of carbon/water nanofluid increased by about 25% at 50°C compared to distilled water. The experimental results demonstrated excellent thermal conductivity and feasibility for manufacturing of carbon/water nanofluids.
Chromosome 12q24.31-q24.33 deletion causes multiple dysmorphic features and developmental delay: First mosaic patient and overview of the phenotype related to 12q24qter defects
Authors: Al-Zahrani Jawaher , Al-Dosari Naji , AbuDheim Nada , Alshidi Tarfa A , Colak Dilek , Al-Habit Ola , Al-Odaib Ali , Sakati Nadia , Meyer Brian , Ozand Pinar T , Kaya Namik 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
Genomic imbalances of the 12q telomere are rare; only a few patients having 12q24.31-q24.33 deletions were reported. Interestingly none of these were mosaic. Although some attempts have been made to establish phenotype/genotype interaction for the deletions in this region, no clear relationship has been established to date.

Results
We have clinically screened more than 100 patients with dysmorphic features, mental retardation and normal karyotype using high density oligo array-CGH (aCGH) and identified a ~9.2 Mb hemizygous interstitial deletion at the 12q telomere (Chromosome 12: 46,XY,del(12)(q24.31q24.33) in a severely developmentally retarded patient having dysmorphic features such as low set ears, microcephaly, undescended testicles, bent elbow, kyphoscoliosis, and micropenis. Parents were found to be not carriers. MLPA experiments confirmed the aCGH result. Interphase FISH revealed mosaicism in cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes.

Conclusions
Since conventional G-Banding technique missed the abnormality; this work re-confirms that any child with unexplained developmental delay and systemic involvement should be studied by aCGH techniques. The FISH technique, however, would still be useful to further delineate the research work and identify such rare mosaicism. Among the 52 deleted genes, P2RX2, ULK1, FZD10, RAN, NCOR2 STX2, TESC, FBXW8, and TBX3 are noteworthy since they may have a role in observed phenotype.
Clinical assessment of epidural analgesia induced by xylazine-lidocaine combination accompanied by xylazine sedation in calves
Authors: Kamiloglu Alkan , Kamiloglu Nadide Nabil , Ozturk Savas , Atalan Gultekin , Kılıc Engin 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate whether epidural administration of a xylazine-lidocaine combination accompanied by xylazine sedation would provide satisfactory analgesia for some surgical procedures on 10 calves admitted to the Department of Veterinary Surgery, University of Kafkas with perineal urolithiasis (n:2), rectovaginal fistula (n:1), atresia ani (n:2), omphalophlebitis (n:2), omphaloarteritis (n:1) and umbilical hernia (n:2).Following intramuscular injection of xylazine at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg for sedation, xylazine-lidocaine combination (0.2 mg/kg lidocaine + 0.02 mg/kg xylazine + 5 ml 0.9% NaCl) was administrated into the lumbosacral (L6-S1), sacrococcygeal (S5-Co1) or intercoccygeal (Co1-Co2) space. Heart rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperature were recorded prior to and during analgesia at 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 minutes. Furthermore, depth and duration of analgesia were evaluated during surgical intervention.The study revealed that the combination of epidural xylazine-lidocaine with xylazine sedation was highly satisfactory for surgery of the lower urinary tract and the perineal region, but it was less so for surgery of the umbilical area.
Metal Core Piezoelectric Complex Fiber and Application for Smart System
Authors: Sato Hiroshi , Takagi Kiyoshi , Yu Lihua , Nagamine Masaru 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTWe produced a new metal-core piezoelectric fiber by means of both hydrothermal and extrusion methods. The insertion of a metal core was significant in view of its strength—greater than that of ceramic materials—and in that electrodes are not required in the fiber's sensor and actuator applications. A new smart board was designed by mounting these piezoelectric fibers on the surface of a CFRP composite, and the sensor and the actuator function were evaluated. We showed that self-sensing was possible using this smart board. And function as a sensor and actuator, this board can control the vibration.
Micromagnetic Modeling of Released/Non-released Magnetostrictive Films
Authors: Shu Yi-Chung , Yen J. H. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTWe study the magnetostrictive behavior of two types of films: one is released from the substrate but constrained from its lateral boundary and the other is attached to the substrate. The former is investigated using the recently developed micromagnetic model which is suitable for films subjected to realistic magneto-mechanical boundary conditions. The latter is modeled within a framework extended from our recent theoretical paper studying rough alloy films with composition modulation. We give an explicit form of the stress-induced magnetic field taking into account the elastic interaction of the film with the substrate. Such results are very different from those considered for attached thick films in literature.
Novel Ferromagnetic Aerogel Composite Materials with Nanoparticles Formation and Chemistry in Response to Light
Authors: Yao Chunhua , Liu Xipeng , Risen William M. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTSmart composites based on ferromagnetic hybrid aerogels have been prepared. These novel materials change chemistry in response to light to form nanoparticles that react with compounds that are present in the environment of the aerogels. Thus, high surface area silica/functional polymer hybrid aerogels have been formed via sol-gel synthesis. They also can contain coordinated metal-ion species. They are reacted with Fe-precursors to form air stable ferromagnetic aerogels, which they are transformed into active particles themselves or by incorporation of additional metal ions. These active materials, which adhere to tissue, can be positioned magnetically within their environment. Once they are positioned, they can be transformed by UV light to form Au(0) nanoparticles which react with the molecules in their environment. The preparation and properties of these aerogels, their photochemistry and reaction with bio-molecules will be presented.
Influence of Sintering Temperatures on the Properties of Lithium Sodium Potassium Niobate Piezoelectric Ceramics
Authors: Chen Qiang , Lan Dejun , Chen Yi , Xu Zhuo , Yue Xi , Xiao Dingquan , Zhu Jianguo 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTLithium sodium potassium niobate (Li, Na, K)NbO3 (LNKN) piezoelectric ceramics were prepared by using conventional solid state process. The phase structures of LNKN ceramics were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD). The dielectric properties of LNKN ceramics have been also studied at different temperature and frequency. It was found that LNKN ceramics have high Curie temperature Tc(about 460°C), and relatively high piezoelectric constant d33 (∼200pC/N) and high electromechanical coupling coefficient kp(∼0.40). Both of the piezoelectric constant d33 and electromechanical coupling coefficient kp of LNKN ceramics decreased with the increasing of sintering temperature. The piezoelectric property dependence of composition of LNKN ceramics has also been studied.
Functional Passive Sensor System Using Reflective SAW Delay Line
Authors: Nomura Tooru , Kosaka Tomoe , Saitoh Atushi 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTA new passive and remote SAW sensor system having ID tag function is presented. Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices have been widely used as a chemical and physical sensor for measuring the environment. SAW devices have been also used as identification tags (ID tags). The majority of the work reported on SAW sensors to date has used Rayleigh mode SAW and are concerning a delay line. The other hand, it has been shown that the sensors utilizing the shear horizontal mode SAW (SH-SAW) can be designed to sense the liquid properties. The SH-SAW has the unique characteristic of complete reflection at a 90 degree edge normal to the direction of the propagation. This characteristic makes it possible to construct a reflective delay line using the edge reflection. The reflective delay line can be used for as passive and remote sensing.In this paper, a passive and remote SAW sensor with a function of identification tags has been designed by using the reflective SH-SAW delay line. The reflective delay line was constructed on the 36 YX LiTaO3 substrate having a 90 degree edge normal to the direction of the SAW propagation. Passive and remote SAW sensor consists of several reflective delay lines having different propagation length. The passive sensor and ID tags were made by the multi-channel delay line. The responses of the sensor and ID tags using the edge reflection of SH-SAW are obtained in time domain. Several experiments were performed to verify the performances of the multi-channel edge reflection sensor. The basic characteristics of the reflective SAW sensor were obtained by measuring the amplitude and phase of reflected wave. The obtained results showed that the reflective SH-SAW sensor was very effective for sensing the physical and chemical properties.Wireless systems are also suggested for the effective operation of the passive SAW sensor. A novel and simple electronic circuit system for accurately measuring the phase characteristics of responses form multi-channel is proposed. In the application, the reflective delay line has been mounted on cantilever to monitor the strain experimentally. The variation of the SH-SAW velocity on the delay line caused by a strain was measured as the passive SAW sensor response. The velocity varied in proportion to the strain applied to the propagation surface. The results showed that the passive sensor was very effective to measure the strain in a wireless mode and it was found that the system is very suitable to health and safety monitoring of building or airplane wing.Finally it will be shown some applications of the wireless sensor with ID tags on the measurement of the conductivity and viscosity of same liquids.
Spore Detection in Air and Fluid Using Micro-cantilever Sensors
Authors: Davila Angelica P. , Gupta Amit , Walter Tom , Akin Demir , Aronson Arthur , Bashir Rashid 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper is to report on our work to develop a real-time monitoring device by using micro-cantilevers for the mass detection of biological organisms in air and fluid. The biological agent used was Bacillus anthracis Sterne spore. The experiment was conducted using a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) to measure the resonant frequency of the thermal noise cantilevers and the corresponding decrease in frequency as a result of the added mass. Moreover, the added mass attributed to the spores was quantified and compared in air and deionized (DI) water. The silicon cantilevers used in this study were of lengths ranging from 25 μm to 50 μm, 200 nm thick and a width of approximately 9 μm. The first part of the experiment consisted of suspending spores onto the cantilevers in fluid, drying the cantilevers, performing measurements in air and extracting the mass of the added spores. The average mass of a spore in air was 367 fg. The second part of the experiment utilized antibody and bovine serum albumin (BSA) physically adsorbed onto the cantilevers in order to fix the spores on the surface during the measurements in deionized water. The extracted mass of a spore in fluid was measured to be an average of 1.85 pg. This study demonstrated the ability to detect biological samples not only in air but also in a liquid environment.
Electro-responsive Polymer and its Sensor Applications
Authors: Räisänen Lasse , Räisänen Heikki 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTEmfit Ltd is manufacturer of electro-responsive ferroelectret sensors. These film-like sensors can be used for various applications, for example non-body-contact vitals signs monitoring, dementia care, actigraphs, visitor count and keypads. The sensor material is based on a polyolefin material manufactured in a continuous biaxial orientation process that stretches the film in two perpendicular directions (machine direction and the transverse direction). The biaxially stretched material is further expanded to over double of its original thickness in high-pressure gas-diffusion process. The structure of Emfit material consists of flat voids separated by thin polyolefin layers. The voids are made by compounding small particles that function as rupture nuclei, and form closed lens like cavities to the film during the biaxial orientation. A permanent electric charge is injected into the material using a corona charging process. The voided internal structure makes the film soft and elastic in the thickness direction. This means that the voids expand and contract in relation to the orientation of the film. The excellent sensor and actuator operations of Emfit film are based on the fact that reduction in the thickness of the film caused by an external force takes place in the gas voids and these are much softer than the polymer layers.