bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of novel polyimide/SiO2 nanocomposite materials containing phenylphosphine oxide via sol‐gel technique
Authors: Kizilkaya Canan , Karataş Sevim , Apohan Nilhan‐Kayaman , Güngör Atilla 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this article, a series of novel polyimide/silica (PI/SiO2) nanocomposite coating materials were prepared from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), γ‐glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GOTMS), and polyamic acid (PAA) via sol‐gel technique. PAA was prepared by the reaction of 3,3′,4,4′‐benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) and bis (3‐aminophenyl) phenyphosphine oxide (BAPPO) in N‐methyl‐2‐ pyrrolidone (NMP). BAPPO was synthesized hydrogenation of bis (3‐nitrophenyl) phenyphosphine oxide (BNPPO) in the presence of Pd/C. The silica content in the hybrid coating materials was varied from 0 to 20 wt %. The molecular structures of the composite materials were analyzed by means of FT‐IR and 29Si‐NMR spectroscopy techniques. The physical and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were evaluated by various techniques such as, hardness, contact angle, and optical transmission and tensile tests. These measurements revealed that all the properties of the nanocomposite coatings were improved noticeable, by the addition of sol‐gel precursor into the coating formulation. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the incorporation of sol‐gel precursor into the polyimide matrix leads to an enhancement in the thermal stability and also flame resistance properties of the coating material. The surface morphology of the hybrid coating was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM studies indicated that nanometer‐scaled inorganic particles were homogenously dispersed throughout the polyimide matrix © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Stabilization of the inverted spherical pendulum via Lyapunov approach
Authors: Gutiérrez F. O. Octavio , Aguilar Ibéñez Carlos , Sossa A. Humberto 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this paper a nonlinear controller is presented for the stabilization of the spherical inverted pendulum system. The control strategy is based on the Lyapunov approach in conjunction with LaSalle's invariance principle. The proposed controller is able to bring the pendulum to the unstable upright equilibrium point with the position of the movable base at the origin. The obtained closed‐loop system has a very large domain of attraction, that can be as large as desired, for any initial position of the pendulum which lies above the horizontal plane. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Reduced‐order state estimation for linear time‐varying systems
Authors: Kim In Sung , Teixeira Bruno O. S. , Chandrasekar Jaganath , Bernstein Dennis S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe consider reduced‐order and subspace state estimators for linear discrete‐time systems with possibly time‐varying dynamics. The reduced‐order and subspace estimators are obtained using a finite‐horizon minimization approach, and thus do not require the solution of algebraic Lyapunov or Riccati equations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Stabilization of uncertain chained nonholonomic systems using adaptive output feedback
Authors: Yuan Z. P. , Wang Z. P. , Chen Q. J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this paper, adaptive output feedback control is presented to solve the stabilization problem of nonholonomic systems in chained form with strong nonlinear drifts and uncertain parameters using output signals only. The objective is to design adaptive nonlinear output feedback laws which can steer the closed‐loop systems to globally converge to the origin, while the estimated parameters remain bounded. The proposed systematic strategy combines input‐state scaling with backstepping technique. Motivated from a special case, adaptive output feedback controllers are proposed for a class of uncertain chained systems. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controllers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Mean square exponential stability of generalized stochastic neural networks with time‐varying delays
Authors: Yu Jianjiang , Zhang Kanjian , Fei Shumin 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this paper, the mean square exponential stability problem is dealt with a class of uncertain generalized stochastic neural networks with time‐varying delays. By introducing a new Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional, improved delay‐dependent stability criteria are established in terms of linear matrix inequalities. The activation functions are assumed to be of more general descriptions, which generalize and improve those earlier methods. Finally, a numerical example is given to show that our results are less conservative and more efficient than the existing stability criteria. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Fast adaptive fault estimation and accommodation for nonlinear time‐varying delay systems
Authors: Zhang Ke , Jiang Bin , Cocquempot Vincent 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis paper studies the problem of fault estimation and accommodation for a class of nonlinear time‐varying delay systems using adaptive fault diagnosis observer (AFDO). A novel fast adaptive fault estimation algorithm that does not need the derivative of the output vector is proposed to enhance the performance of fault estimation. Meanwhile, a delay‐dependent criteria is obtained based on free weighting matrix method with the purpose of reducing the conservatism of the AFDO design. On the basis of fault estimation, an observer‐based fault‐tolerant controller is designed to guarantee the stability of the closed‐loop system. In terms of matrix inequality, we derive sufficient conditions for the existence of the adaptive observer and fault‐tolerant controller. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
A direct control scheme based on recurrent fuzzy neural networks for the UPFC series branch
Authors: Ma Tsao‐Tsung 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this paper, a new control scheme using recurrent fuzzy neural controllers is proposed for the series branch of the unified power flow controller (UPFC) to improve the dynamic performance of real‐time power flow control functions with the aim of reducing the inevitable interaction between the real and reactive power flow control parameters. To simplify the theoretical analysis of the coupled dynamics within the UPFC and the controlled power system, the three phase description of a two‐bus test power system embedded with a UPFC is transformed intod−qcomponents based on a synchronously rotating reference frame. For control systems with inherent nonlinear coupling features, a feed‐forward control scheme based on fuzzy neural controllers is developed to realize the decoupling control objectives. Based on the simulation results, the proposed control scheme is able to overcome the drawbacks of the traditional power flow controllers designed on small disturbance linearizing methods. Comprehensive simulation results on theEMTDC/PSCADandMATLABprograms are presented and discussed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Application of two‐loop robust control to air‐conditioning systems
Authors: Huang Gongsheng , Dexter Arthur L. , Wang Shengwei 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis paper presents the design and application of a two‐loop robust controller for temperature control in air‐conditioning systems. A Takagi‐Sugeno fuzzy model with uncertain local models is developed to describe the associated nonlinearities and uncertainties in the operation of the air handling units. Parallel distributed compensation is used to design the global control law. The local control law consists of two loops: an inner‐loop integral controller and an outer‐loop min‐max predictive controller with short prediction horizon. A discounting scheme is developed to weight the contribution of the two loops. Experimental results are presented which show that the proposed strategy can achieve acceptable control performance with a minimum of onsite tuning. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Output feedback stabilization for a class of stochastic non‐linear systems with delays in input
Authors: Feng Jun‐e , Xu Shengyuan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this paper, constructive techniques are developed for a class of stochastic non‐linear systems with delays in input. Non‐linear terms considered in this paper are more general than those satisfying linear growth conditions. The purpose is to design an output feedback controller such that the resulting closed‐loop system is globally asymptotically stable in probability. The desired output feedback controller is explicitly constructed using the Lyapunov method. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Gyrification patterns in monozygotic twin pairs varying in discordance for autism
Authors: Kates Wendy R. , Ikuta Ichiro , Burnette Courtney P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn order to disentangle genetic and environmental contributions to cortical anomalies in children with autism, we investigated cortical folding patterns in a cohort of 14 monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs who displayed a range of phenotypic discordance for autism, and 14 typically developing community controls. Cortical folding was assessed with the gyrification index, which was calculated on high resolution anatomic MR images. We found that the cortical folding patterns across most lobar regions of the cerebral cortex was highly discordant within MZ twin pairs. In addition, children with autism and their co‐twins exhibited increased cortical folding in the right parietal lobe, relative to age‐ and gender‐matched typical developing children. Increased folding in the right parietal lobe was associated with more symptoms of autism for co‐twins. Finally, the robust association between cortical folding and IQ observed in typical children was not observed in either children with autism or their co‐twins. These findings, which contribute to our understanding of the limits of genetic liability in autism, suggest that anomalies in the structural integrity of the cortex in this PDD may disrupt the association between cortical folding and intelligence that has been reported in typical individuals, and may account, in part, for the deficits in visual spatial attention and in social cognition that have been reported in children with autism.
Synergistic effects of homocysteine,S‐adenosylhomocysteine and adenosine on apoptosis in BV‐2 murine microglial cells
Authors: Lin Hung‐Chi , Yang Chih‐Min , Liu Cheng‐Ling , Hu Miao‐Lin 
Published: November 2009

AbstractHomocysteine (Hcy), S‐adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) and adenosine (Ado) are methionine metabolism intermediates that may act synergistically in certain disease. In this study, we examined whether HCy, SAH and Ado may synergistically induce neuronal apoptosis of BV‐2 microglial cells. We found that an incubation of BV‐2 cells with 1 mM Hcy, 1 μM SAH and 100 μM Ado (SAH + Hcy + Ado) led to marked apoptosis of BV‐2 cells, as evidenced by several markers of apoptosis. A synergistic effect of SAH + Hcy + Ado on apoptosis (2.55‐fold,P<0.05) was obtained, as calculated using the data of Annexin V‐positive cells. This combination markedly induced intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) starting at 6 h and significantly decreased the mitochondrial potential starting at 12 h. The combination significantly elevated caspase‐9 and caspase‐3 activities at 24 and 48 h. The combination also induced hypomethylation (at 24 and 48 h), as indicated by significantly decreased 5‐methyldeoxycytidine levels and SAM/SAH ratios. Pre‐incubation of cells with α‐tocopherol (30 μM) reduced the increase of ROS (at 6 h) and significantly restored cell viability (at 24 and 48 h) in the SAH + Hcy + Ado group. Overall, the present study demonstrates that SAH, Hcy and Ado synergistically induce BV‐2 apoptosis, possibly by generation of ROS and induction of intracellular hypomethylation.
Beneficial effects of nicotinamide on alcohol‐induced liver injury in senescence‐accelerated mice
Authors: Chen Yu‐Hsuan , Wang Ming‐Fu , Liao Jiunn‐Wang , Chang Shih‐Pei , Hu Miao‐Lin 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe deleterious effects of ethanol in senescence‐accelerated prone 8 mice (SAMP8) and the protective role of nicotinamide (NAM) against ethanol‐induced liver injury were examined. The mice were orally administered 2 g ethanol /kg BW and 200 mg or 500 mg NAM/kg BW three times/week for 10 weeks. Results showed that ethanol elevated activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) significantly. Ethanol also enhanced the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyls in the liver, whereas ethanol treatment resulted in significantly lower activity of hepatic glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Hematoxylin and eosin staining indicated moderate to severe fatty infiltration but not fibrosis. Administration of high NAM (500 mg/kg BW) led to markedly decreased levels of hepatic MDA, protein carbonyls, fatty infiltration and the activity of ALT, and increased activity of GPx, catalase and SOD in the ethanol‐fed group. Thus, using SAMP8 as animal model for ethanol‐induced liver injury in the aged mice, this study demonstrates that NAM is effective in protecting such damage.
Oxidative damage markers and antioxidants in patients with acute myocardial infarction and their clinical significance
Authors: Hung‐Yao Ho  , Gu Po‐Wen , Wang Yi‐Li , Li Jui‐Ming , Chiu Daniel Tsun‐Yee , Cheng Mei‐Ling , Chen Chin‐Ming 
Published: November 2009

AbstractOxidative stress has been associated with degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the major cause of death among cardiovascular diseases. Inflammation, major risk factor of AMI, is associated with leukocytic activation, secretion of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and subsequent oxidant generation. It has been hypothesized that oxidative stress is a risk factor for AMI. To test this hypothesis, we studied profiles of oxidative damage and antioxidants in patients with AMI. The levels of MPO, 8‐OHdG, and 3‐Cl‐Tyr were higher in blood specimens from AMI patients than in those of controls. Antioxidant levels, such as vitamin E and glutathione peroxidase, were significantly lower in these patients. The GSH/GSSG ratio, indicative of redox status, was also lower in AMI patients. Such findings suggest that these AMI patients experience increased oxidative stress. Moreover, markers in combination are better for evaluating antioxidant status and monitoring cardiac events than the same markers used separately.
Liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry in metabolite profiling
Authors: Juo Chiun‐Gung , Chiu Daniel Tsun‐Yee , Shiao Ming‐Shi 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRecent advances in the use of liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry for the study of metabolomics are reviewed. Sample preparations of biofluids and practical aspects of ultra‐high pressure liquid chromatography are discussed. Applicability of different kinds of mass spectrometers for metabolite profiling is described. New tools‐ion mobility spectroscopy and automated chip‐based nanoelectrospray system with potentials to be applied in the metabolomics analysis are described.
Differential effects of redox‐cycling and arylating quinones on trans‐plasma membrane electron transport
Authors: Tan An S. , Berridge Michael V. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCytotoxicity of quinones has been attributed to free radical generation and to arylation of cellular nucleophiles. For redox‐cycling quinones, cell injury is associated with mitochondrial permeability transition, whereas arylating quinones directly depolarise the mitochondrial membrane and deplete ATP. Like mitochondrial electron transport, plasma membrane electron transport (PMET), plays a multifaceted role in cellular redox homeostasis but the effects of quinones on PMET are unknown. Here we investigate the effects of redox‐cycling 2,3‐dimethoxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone (DMNQ), arylating 1,4‐benzoquinone (BQ) and mixed mechanism 2‐methyl‐1,4‐naphthoquinone (MNQ) on PMET, viability and growth of P815 mouse mastocytoma cells.BQ and MNQ rapidly and extensively inhibited PMET as determined by WST‐1 /mPMS reduction (IC50 3.5‐5 μMat 30 min) whereas the effects of DMNQ were less pronounced. In contrast, MTT reduction (cytosolic NADH dehydrogenase activity over 30 min) was weakly inhibited by BQ (IC50 20 μM) but not by MNQ or DMNQ and cell viability was unaffected. Inhibition of WST‐1/mPMS reduction by BQ and MNQ but not DMNQ was fully reversed by NAC. Treatment with DMNQ, MNQ and to a lesser extent BQ inhibited cell proliferation as determined by MTT reduction at 48 h. The effects of BQ and MNQ were reversed by NAC through covalent bonding to BQ and MNQ, but not DMNQ. These results show that arylating quinones are more potent inhibitors of PMET than pure redox‐cycling quinones, but that redox‐cycling quinones are more cytotoxic.
Cancer type‐specific tNOX isoforms: A putative family of redox protein splice variants with cancer diagnostic and prognostic potential
Authors: Morré D. James , Kim Chinpal , Hostetler Brandon , Weston Nicole , M. Morré Dorothy 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA proteomics approach with detection on western blots using an S‐peptide tagged pan‐tNOX (ENOX2) recombinant (scFv) antibody followed by alkaline phosphatase‐linked anti S has revealed a family of more than 20 ENOX2 isoforms of varying molecular weights (34 to 94 kDa) and mostly of low isoelectric points (4.6 ± 0.7) based on serum analysis. Different isoforms characterize cancers of different tissue origins indicative of both cancer presence and tissue site of origin. ENOX2 proteins are cancer‐associated and differ from constitutive (CNOX or ENOX1) proteins primarily by the absence of a drug binding site to which the cancer‐specific scFv is directed. All are located on the cell surface where they function both as terminal oxidases for plasma membrane electron transport and carry out protein disulfide‐thiol interchange. These proteins are shed into the blood and can also be found in urine. The tNOX isoform technology is under development as a clinical aid to identify unknown or uncertain primary cancers, evaluation of metastatic spread in post surgery patients, monitoring remission following cessation of therapy and for early diagnosis in at‐risk populations.
Age‐related ENOX protein (arNOX) activity correlated with oxidative skin damage in the elderly
Authors: Morré Dorothy M. , Meadows Christaan , Hostetler Brandon , Weston Nicole , Kern Dale , Draelos Zoe , Morré D. James 
Published: November 2009

AbstractENOX proteins with an oscillatory pattern of production of superoxide (measured by ferricytochrome c reduction) and with a period length of 26 min increase linearity with age beginning at about 30 y to a maximum of about age 60. The proteins are shed and appear in serum, saliva and urine. Enhanced arNOX activity correlates with age and with oxidative changes contributing to skin aging. Topical cosmetic preparations containing substances that block arNOX activity are under evaluation to reduce visible symptoms of skin aging.
PLS‐trees®, a top‐down clustering approach
Authors: Eriksson Lennart , Trygg Johan , Wold Svante 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA hierarchical clustering approach based on a set of PLS models is presented. Called PLS‐Trees®, this approach is analogous to classification and regression trees (CART), but uses the scores of PLS regression models as the basis for splitting the clusters, instead of the individual X‐variables. The split of one cluster into two is made along the sorted first X‐score (t1) of a PLS model of the cluster, but may potentially be made along a direction corresponding to a combination of scores. The position of the split is selected according to the improvement of a weighted combination of (a) the variance of the X‐score, (b) the variance of Y and (c) a penalty function discouraging an unbalanced split with very different numbers of observations. Cross‐validation is used to terminate the branches of the tree, and to determine the number of components of each cluster PLS model. Some obvious extensions of the approach to OPLS‐Trees and trees based on hierarchical PLS or OPLS models with the variables divided in blocks depending on their type, are also mentioned. The possibility to greatly reduce the number of variables in each PLS model on the basis of their PLS w‐coefficients is also pointed out. The approach is illustrated by means of three examples. The first two examples are quantitative structure‐activity relationship (QSAR) data sets, while the third is based on hyper‐spectral images of liver tissue for identifying different sources of variability in the liver samples. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vesicle Budding and the Origin of Cellular Life
Authors: Svetina Saša 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis Minireview provides an appropriate opportunity to demonstrate the connection between the results of some early experimental and theoretical investigations of vesicle budding and the more recent application of the concepts developed there to the process of vesicle self‐reproduction. Herein, we also explain why vesicle budding could have preceded the establishment of cellular life.
Loss of Wnt8b has no overt effect on hippocampus development but leads to altered Wnt gene expression levels in dorsomedial telencephalon
Authors: Fotaki Vassiliki , Larralde Osmany , Zeng Shaoju , McLaughlin David , Nichols Jennifer , Price David J. , Theil Thomas , Mason John O. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWnt signalling proteins regulate many aspects of animal development. We have investigated the function of mouse Wnt8b during forebrain development. Wnt8b is expressed in a highly restricted pattern including the prospective hippocampus and hypothalamus. Mutant mice lacking Wnt8b are viable and healthy. The size and morphology of the hippocampus appeared normal in mutant embryos and adults, and we found no evidence of hypothalamic defects in mutants. Wnt8b is also expressed in the neurogenic region of the adult dentate gyrus, however, cell proliferation was unchanged in Wnt8b−/− mutants. Mutant embryos did, however, display altered levels of expression of other Wnt genes normally expressed in forebrain. The spatial expression patterns of other Wnt genes and the overall level of canonical Wnt activity were indistinguishable from wild‐types. Thus, loss of Wnt8b does not give rise to an overt morphological phenotype, but does affect expression levels of other Wnts in developing forebrain. Developmental Dynamics 239:284–296, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.