bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On executive functioning and childcare: The moderating role of parent–child interactions
Authors: Bernier Annie , Côté Sylvana M. , Lapolice Thériault Rose , Leclerc Gabrielle 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChildcare services are widely used by families and thereby exert an important influence on many young children. Yet, little research has examined whether childcare may impact the development of child executive functioning (EF), one of the pillars of cognitive development in early childhood. Furthermore, despite persisting hypotheses that childcare may be particularly beneficial for children who have less access to optimal developmental resources at home, research has yet to address the possibility that putative associations between childcare and EF may vary as a function of family factors. Among a sample of 180 mostly White middle‐class families (91 girls), we examined if childcare participation in infancy was related to two aspects of EF (Delay and Conflict) at 3 years, and whether two aspects of maternal parenting behavior (sensitivity and autonomy support) moderated these associations. The results showed positive associations between participation in group‐based childcare and Delay EF specifically among children of relatively less autonomy‐supportive mothers. These findings suggest that out‐of‐home childcare services may play a protective role for children exposed to parenting that is less conducive to their executive development.Research Highlights
Little research has considered effects of childcare in infancy on executive functioning (EF).
Long‐standing hypothesis that childcare is more beneficial for children exposed to less sensitive and supportive parenting.
We test interactions between maternal parenting and childcare participation in infancy in relation to EF at age 3 years.
We find positive associations between participation in group‐based childcare and Delay EF specifically among children of relatively less autonomy‐supportive mothers.
The reorganization of predator–prey networks over 20 million years explains extinction patterns of mammalian carnivores
Authors: Nascimento João C. S. , Blanco Fernando , Domingo M. Soledad , Cantalapiedra Juan L. , Pires Mathias M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLinking the species interactions occurring at the scale of local communities to their potential impact at evolutionary timescales is challenging. Here, we used the high‐resolution fossil record of mammals from the Iberian Peninsula to reconstruct a timeseries of trophic networks spanning more than 20 million years and asked whether predator–prey interactions affected regional extinction patterns. We found that, despite small changes in species richness, trophic networks showed long‐term trends, gradually losing interactions and becoming sparser towards the present. This restructuring of the ecological networks was driven by the loss of medium‐sized herbivores, which reduced prey availability for predators. The decrease in prey availability was associated with predator longevity, such that predators with less available prey had greater extinction risk. These results not only reveal long‐term trends in network structure but suggest that prey species richness in ecological communities may shape large scale patterns of extinction and persistence among predators.
DNMT1 can induce primary germ layer differentiation through de novo DNA methylation
Authors: Ito Takamasa , Kubiura‐Ichimaru Musashi , Miura Fumihito , Tajima Shoji , Surani M. Azim , Ito Takashi , Yamaguchi Shinpei , Tada Masako 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDNA methyltransferases and Ten‐Eleven Translocation (TET) proteins regulate the DNA methylation and demethylation cycles during mouse embryonic development. Although DNMT1 mainly plays a role in the maintenance of DNA methylation after DNA replication, it is also reported to possess de novo methyltransferase capacity. However, its physiological significance remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that full‐length DNMT1 (FL) and a mutant lacking the N‐terminus necessary for its maintenance activity (602) confer the differentiation potential of mouse Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, and Dnmt3b (Dnmts‐TKO) embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Both FL and 602 inhibit the spontaneous differentiation of Dnmts‐TKO ESCs in the undifferentiated state. Dnmts‐TKO ESCs showed loss of DNA methylation and de‐repression of primitive endoderm‐related genes, but these defects were partially restored in Dnmts‐TKO + FL and Dnmts‐TKO + 602 ESCs. Upon differentiation, Dnmts‐TKO + FL ESCs show increased 5mC and 5hmC levels across chromosomes, including pericentromeric regions. In contrast, Dnmts‐TKO + 602 ESCs didn't accumulate 5mC, and sister chromatids showed 5hmC asynchronously. Furthermore, in comparison with DNMT1_602, DNMT1_FL effectively promoted commitment to the epiblast‐like cells and beyond, driving cell‐autonomous mesendodermal and germline differentiation through embryoid body‐based methods. With precise target selectivity achieved by its N‐terminal region, DNMT1 may play a role in gene regulation leading to germline development.
Patient and family burden in pediatric atopic dermatitis and its treatment pattern in Japan
Authors: Otsuka Atsushi , Wang Chaochen , Torisu‐Itakura Hitoe , Matsuo Takashi , Isaka Yoshitaka , Anderson Peter , Piercy James , Austin Jenny , Marwaha Simran , Tanaka Akio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluated the level of burden in pediatric and adolescent atopic dermatitis (AD) patients in Japan, the associated burden on caregivers/families, and whether this burden varied with age.MethodsData were drawn from the Adelphi Pediatric AD Disease Specific Programme (DSP)™, a cross‐sectional survey of physicians and their patients conducted in Japan between July and December 2022. Physicians reported patient demographics, clinical characteristics, disease burden, and current/previous therapies. Patients and/or caregivers reported perceived disease severity and impact of AD, including the Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) and Dermatitis Family Impact questionnaire (DFI).ResultsOverall, 55 physicians provided data for 537 AD patients aged ≤17. Mean (SD) overall scores for CDLQI, POEM, and DFI were 9.3 (6.3), 8.3 (6.8), and 11.7 (7.2), respectively. Age was associated with higher patient and/or caregiver‐reported CDLQI scores, which increased by 0.543 points per year of age (P = 0.01). Patients with severe disease reported a more significant impact on quality of life factors compared with mild patients (P < 0.001). Age was associated with higher caregiver‐reported burden, with DFI scores increasing by 0.325 per year (P = 0.01). Physician‐reported impact on caregivers showed that age was significantly associated with increased burden on sleep, daily activities, work, and mood (P < 0.05), with disease severity associated with impact across all factors (P < 0.01).ConclusionsBoth increasing age and disease severity were associated with the increased impact of AD on patients and their caregivers. Disease control/modification through appropriate therapeutic intervention at a younger age may relieve the burden of pediatric AD on patients and their families.
Validation of the Persian version of the attitudes toward intellectual disability
Authors: Khalili R. , Asgari Z. , Kamrani A. , Morin D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundAttitudes toward individuals with intellectual disability (ID) are the most important factor affecting their social integration and can cause them to experience a sense of achievement or discrimination. The present study aimed to evaluate the latent factor structure and validity of the Persian version of the Attitudes toward Intellectual Disability (ATTID) Short‐Form questionnaire.MethodsThe latent factor structure of the Persian version of the ATTID Short‐Form was established in a convenient sample of the general population (N = 280) in Iran. The structural validity and temporal reliability, internal consistency and confirmatory factor analysis were evaluated. Data analysis was done with SPSS v23 Windows edition and R v4.2.1.ResultsThe Persian version of the ATTID Short‐Form was shown to have a five‐factor structure: discomfort, knowledge of capacity, interaction, sensitivity and knowledge of cause. The structure was appropriately fit according to the fit indices (χ2(485) = 530.12), (P‐value = 0.077). All the subscales had good temporal reliability.ConclusionsFindings suggest that the Persian version of the Short‐Form of ATTID is a brief, valid and reliable measure that can be used in research and clinical practice.
Urinary syndecan‐1 in dogs anesthetized with isoflurane or sevoflurane: A randomized, prospective study
Authors: Harris Stephanie , Gerken Katherine , Clark‐Price Stuart , Hung Ellan , Jukier Tom , Yanke Amy , Kuo Kendon , McMichael Maureen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundSyndecan‐1 (SDC1) is an established marker of endothelial glycocalyx shedding. Most research on SDC1 has focused on plasma or serum concentrations, and little is known about urine concentrations.ObjectivesMeasure urinary SDC1 concentrations in dogs undergoing anesthesia with either sevoflurane or isoflurane and assess the effects of anesthesia duration and IV crystalloids on urinary SDC1 concentrations.AnimalsThirty‐one client‐owned dogs undergoing anesthesia for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with or without surgery for suspected intervertebral disk disease (IVDD) were used.MethodsDogs with suspected IVDD were randomized to undergo anesthesia with either sevoflurane or isoflurane. Urine was collected before and immediately after anesthesia for the analysis of SDC1. Urinary creatinine concentrations also were measured, and the ratio of urinary SDC1 to urinary creatinine (USCR) was used to account for dilution.ResultsMedian (range) USCR was significantly higher after anesthesia compared with baseline for all groups combined (P < .05). No significant difference was found between the groups for age, sex, weight, and type of anesthesia. Multiple regression analysis of the effect of the independent variables inhalant type, age, weight, sex, anesthesia time, surgery, and quantity of IV fluids on the dependent variable SDC1 found that only the quantity of IV fluids significantly predicted a change (P < .001).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe total volume of lactated Ringer's solution administered to anesthetized dogs may affect USCR. Further investigations are warranted to evaluate the relationship between IV fluids and SDC1.
Strategic advertising in the aftermath of a corporate scandal
Authors: Andina‐Díaz Ascensión , Campos Javier , Jiménez Juan‐Luis , Perdiguero Jordi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper contributes to the literature on how firms change their advertising strategies after a corporate scandal by providing both a theoretical model and an empirical evaluation based on the idea that advertising acts as a signal of the product quality that is modulated by the number of competing substitutes in the market. This result is new to the literature and helps to explain cases in which, possibly counter‐intuitively, a firm affected by a corporate scandal may optimally decide to reduce its advertising expenditures, rather than increase it, in an attempt to restore its reputation as quickly as possible. We find empirical support for this result in the Volkswagen Group's response to the Dieselgate scandal.
Adhesive and biofilm‐forming Candida glabrata Lebanese hospital isolates harbour mutations in subtelomeric silencers and adhesins
Authors: Fattouh Nour , Husni Rola , Finianos Marc , Bitar Ibrahim , Khalaf Roy A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of Candida glabrata healthcare‐associated infections is on the rise worldwide and in Lebanon, Candida glabrata infections are difficult to treat as a result of their resistance to azole antifungals and their ability to form biofilms.ObjectivesThe first objective of this study was to quantify biofilm biomass in the most virulent C. glabrata isolates detected in a Lebanese hospital. In addition, other pathogenicity attributes were evaluated. The second objective was to identify the mechanisms of azole resistance in those isolates.MethodsA mouse model of disseminated systemic infection was developed to evaluate the degree of virulence of 41 azole‐resistant C. glabrata collected from a Lebanese hospital. The most virulent isolates were further evaluated alongside an isolate having attenuated virulence and a reference strain for comparative purposes. A DNA‐sequencing approach was adopted to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) leading to amino acid changes in proteins involved in azole resistance and biofilm formation. This genomic approach was supported by several phenotypic assays.ResultsAll chosen virulent isolates exhibited increased adhesion and biofilm biomass compared to the isolate having attenuated virulence. The amino acid substitutions D679E and I739N detected in the subtelomeric silencer Sir3 are potentially involved— in increased adhesion. In all isolates, amino acid substitutions were detected in the ATP‐binding cassette transporters Cdr1 and Pdh1 and their transcriptional regulator Pdr1.ConclusionsIn summary, increased adhesion led to stable biofilm formation since mutated Sir3 could de‐repress adhesins, while decreased azole susceptibility could result from mutations in Cdr1, Pdh1 and Pdr1.
Innovative change not as yet fully integrated in pediatric anesthesia
Authors: Lauder Gillian , Kuttner Leora 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPediatric hypnosis is an extremely valuable adjuvant therapeutic tool to reduce pain and ameliorate anxiety in children undergoing procedures and pediatric anesthesia. This perspective summarises; why Integrating hypnosis into practice has this potential, some techniques that are particularly useful in this setting, the training oppurtunities to learn more, and recommendations for future pediatric anesthesia hypnotic research. There is definite capacity for change by Integrating hypnosis into our practice. Not only will this ensure more capable, confident children who present for peri‐operative care but also reduce costs and the environmental impact of the pharmaceutical agents we currently employ for sedation and anxiolysis.
“We had a lot of fun”: Psychological rewards of white supremacy group membership
Authors: Munden Hanna Paalgard , Morrison John 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhite supremacist organizations pose a serious and growing threat to democracy and public safety. This article analyzes nonideological ways in which these groups attract and maintain membership. The primary data comprises interviews with 15 former white supremacist group members. Each was asked about their experience of group participation and exit. Interview data were analyzed via thematic analysis. Five distinct themes emerged: belonging, perceived importance, empowerment, emotional intensity, and long‐term psychological rewards. Based on the analysis, it is argued that group membership maintenance can be partially explained by psychologically rewarding experiences that may, for them, seem difficult to attain elsewhere. The analysis is consistent with the assumptions of the good lives model, a strength‐based approach to the rehabilitation of criminal offenders. This model provides a theoretical way forward in the understanding and prevention of (re)engagement through the promotion of prosocial ways of achieving the psychological rewards that are important to the individual and that membership of white supremacy groups offers.
Does having a family member with dementia affect health beliefs about changing lifestyle and health behaviour for dementia risk reduction?
Authors: Şener Melek , Küçükgüçlü Özlem , Akyol Merve Aliye 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundDementia is a worldwide public health concern. Implementing lifestyle changes that target modifiable risk factors is crucial for reducing the risk of dementia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of having family members with dementia on individuals' health beliefs and tendencies towards adopting healthier lifestyles and behaviours.MethodsA cross‐sectional, comparative study was conducted with 338 people aged 40 years and older, of whom 168 have the experience of having family members with dementia, and 170 have no such experience. Data were collected using a characteristics form, the Motivation to Change Lifestyle and Health Behaviours for Dementia Risk Reduction scale, and the modified Charlson comorbidity index. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's chi‐square and independent t‐tests, were used.ResultsThose with family members with dementia were more likely to have greater motivation to modify their lifestyle (perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, and cues to action) to reduce their risk of developing dementia. Additionally, they had greater perceived barriers to gain by adopting a healthy lifestyle, in contrast to those without such family members.ConclusionThe presence of family members with dementia could be an important factor to consider when designing initiatives targeting health beliefs related to dementia prevention behaviours and lifestyle changes.
Does the frequency of using Internet entertainment affect happiness? Evidence from China
Authors: Lin Yunyuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveIn the context of rapid Internet development, studying individual happiness holds significant practical and academic value.MethodsThis article employs ordinary least squares to examine the impact of the frequency of Internet entertainment usage on happiness using data from the China Family Panel Studies spanning 2014 to 2018.ResultsThe empirical results demonstrate a significant positive effect of the frequency of Internet entertainment usage on happiness. Specifically, each additional instance of using Internet entertainment is associated with a 4.2 percent increase in happiness. This finding remains robust after controlling for other variables, annual, and provincial fixed effects. To address potential endogeneity issues, the perceived importance of Internet entertainment to residents is used as an instrumental variable. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the frequency of Internet entertainment usage significantly affects happiness across different genders, ages, education levels, and employment statuses.ConclusionThe implications of this study suggest that governments should focus on the development of Internet entertainment, explore its beneficial potentials further, minimize its drawbacks, and enhance the overall happiness of residents through their engagement with Internet entertainment, thereby allowing the Internet to better serve the populace.
Seeing double: two different homospermidine oxidases are involved in pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis in different organs of comfrey (Symphytum officinale)
Authors: Zakaria Mahmoud M. , Kruse Lars H. , Engelhardt Annika , Ober Dietrich 
Published: May 2024

SUMMARYPyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are toxic specialized metabolites produced in several plant species and frequently contaminate herbal teas or livestock feed. In comfrey (Symphytum officinale, Boraginaceae), they are produced in two different organs of the plant, the root and young leaves. In this study, we demonstrate that homospermidine oxidase (HSO), a copper‐containing amine oxidase (CuAO) responsible for catalyzing the formation of the distinctive pyrrolizidine ring in PAs, is encoded by two individual genes. Specifically, SoCuAO1 is expressed in young leaves, while SoCuAO5 is expressed in roots. CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated knockout of socuao5 resulted in hairy roots (HRs) unable to produce PAs, supporting its function as HSO in roots. Plants regenerated from socuao5 knockout HRs remained completely PA‐free until the plants began to develop inflorescences, indicating the presence of another HSO that is expressed only during flower development. Stable expression of SoCuAO1 in socuao5 knockout HRs rescued the ability to produce PAs. In vitro assays of both enzymes transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana confirmed their HSO activity and revealed the ability of HSO to control the stereospecific cyclization of the pyrrolizidine backbone. The observation that the first specific step of PA biosynthesis catalyzed by homospermidine synthase requires only one gene copy, while two independent paralogs are recruited for the subsequent homospermidine oxidation in different tissues of the plant, suggests a complex regulation of the pathway. This adds a new level of complexity to PA biosynthesis, a system already characterized by species‐specific, tight spatio‐temporal regulation, and independent evolutionary origins in multiple plant lineages.
Abscisic acid controls sugar accumulation essential to strawberry fruit ripening via the FaRIPK1‐FaTCP7‐FaSTP13/FaSPT module
Authors: Chen Xuexue , Gao Jiahui , Shen Yuanyue 
Published: May 2024

SUMMARYStrawberry is considered as a model plant for studying the ripening of abscisic acid (ABA)‐regulated non‐climacteric fruits, a process in which sugar plays a fundamental role, while how ABA regulates sugar accumulation remains unclear. This study provides a direct line of physiological, biochemical, and molecular evidence that ABA signaling regulates sugar accumulation via the FaRIPK1‐FaTCP7‐FaSTP13/FaSPT signaling pathway. Herein, FaRIPK1, a red‐initial protein kinase 1 previously identified in strawberry fruit, not only interacted with the transcription factor FaTCP7 (TEOSINTE BRANCHEN 1, CYCLOIDEA, and PCF) but also phosphorylated the critical Ser89 and Thr93 sites of FaTCP7, which negatively regulated strawberry fruit ripening, as evidenced by the transient overexpression (OE) and virus‐induced gene silencing transgenic system. Furthermore, the DAP‐seq experiments revealed that FvTCP7 bound the motif “GTGGNNCCCNC” in the promoters of two sugar transporter genes, FaSTP13 (sugar transport protein 13) and FaSPT (sugar phosphate/phosphate translocator), inhibiting their transcription activities as determined by the electrophoretic mobility shift assay, yeast one‐hybrid, and dual‐luciferase reporter assays. The downregulated FaSTP13 and FaSPT transcripts in the FaTCP7‐OE fruit resulted in a reduction in soluble sugar content. Consistently, the yeast absorption test revealed that the two transporters had hexose transport activity. Especially, the phosphorylation‐inhibited binding of FaTCP7 to the promoters of FaSTP13 and FaSPT could result in the release of their transcriptional activities. In addition, the phosphomimetic form FaTCP7S89D or FaTCP7T93D could rescue the phenotype of FaTCP7‐OE fruits. Importantly, exogenous ABA treatment enhanced the FaRIPK1–FaTCP7 interaction. Overall, we found direct evidence that ABA signaling controls sugar accumulation during strawberry fruit ripening via the “FaRIPK1‐FaTCP7‐FaSTP13/FaSPT” module.
On the Smith–Thom deficiency of Hilbert squares
Authors: Kharlamov Viatcheslav , Răsdeaconu Rareş 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe give an expression for the Smith–Thom deficiency of the Hilbert square of a smooth real algebraic variety in terms of the rank of a suitable Mayer– Vietoris mapping in several situations. As a consequence, we establish a necessary and sufficient condition for the maximality of in the case of projective complete intersections, and show that with a few exceptions, no real nonsingular projective complete intersection of even dimension has maximal Hilbert square. We also provide new examples of smooth real algebraic varieties with maximal Hilbert square.