bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Multifunctionality and Performance Indicators of Resistive‐Type Strain Sensors with Advanced Conductive Hydrogels
Authors: Saeed Aiman , Zaidi Syed Farrukh Alam , Park Chun Gwon , Lee Jung Heon 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHydrogels are excellent options for strain sensors as they can stretch, endure mechanical stress, and possess multifunctional qualities. Resistive sensors are particularly promising among the diverse hydrogel strain sensors available. This is attributed to their dedicated focus on improving the indicators of strain‐sensing performance, simplicity of equipment, straightforward sensing mechanisms, and easy design of conductive hydrogels. Various approaches have been explored to create conductive hydrogels, including conductive fillers, conductive polymers, and ionic approaches. This review thoroughly explores diverse approaches for developing advanced conductive hydrogels for resistive‐type hydrogel strain sensors. The focus is particularly on their electrical conductivity and sensing performance indicators, distinguishing them as valuable resources for researchers in the field of strain sensors. First, diverse approaches for achieving electrical conductivity in hydrogels are introduced. The subsequent discussion delves into the multifunctionality of these conductivity approaches for hydrogels. In addition, it also scrutinizes recent applications of strain sensors. Overall, it offers comprehensive updates on the performance indicators such as sensitivity, working range and linearity, response and recovery times, and hysteresis of strain sensors using diverse approaches to conductive hydrogels. This study also includes the latest trends and future perspectives of resistive‐type hydrogel strain sensors.
Sn Nanoclusters Confined in COP‐Derived Carbon for Catalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Tao Andong , Liu Minghao , Xu Qing , Yang Xiubei , Liu Guojuan , Yu Chengbing , Zeng Gaofeng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe development of catalysts composed of single atoms is crucial for enhancing the performance of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the unsatisfactory intrinsic activity of these catalysts still poses a major challenge, limiting their overall effectiveness. One approach to addressing this challenge is the introduction of metal clusters, which can form a synergistic effect with the single atoms, ultimately improving their performance. In this study, core‐shell structured carbon polymer is constructed with Zn atoms and Sn nanoclusters by directly subjecting pyrolysis of the covalent organic polymer (COP) and metal organic framework (MOF) (COP@MOF). The thin COP shell serves a dual purpose: it prevents the collapse and aggregation of zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) and promotes the formation of mesopores, facilitating mass transport and enhancing the graphitization degree to improve conductivity. The resulting Sn‐COP@MOF800 exhibits promising catalytic performance in the ORR, demonstrating a half‐wave potential of 0.81 V and current density of 5.56 mA cm−2 in 0.1 m KOH, which is comparable to that of Pt/C. This study provides new ideas for exploring the application of metal single atoms and metal nanoclusters in ORR catalysis through synergistic effects.
Synergic Chemoimmunotherapy of Cervical Cancer by Combining Cisplatin with Thermosensitive Polypeptide Fused Interferon Alpha
Authors: Li Yilin , Sun Yuanzi , Zhang Fan , Yao Qiongqiong , Gong Like , Wang Yongjun , Gao Weiping 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCervical cancer is the fourth most common female malignancy. Surgery and concurrent chemoradiotherapy are the main treatment methods. Although immunotherapy and targeted therapy have made tremendous progress in cancer therapy, they show limited therapeutic effects in treating advanced or recurrent cervical cancer. In this study, a first‐line drug for cervical cancer chemotherapy, cisplatin, is combined with a modified immunomodulatory agent, interferon‐alpha genetically fused to a thermosensitive polypeptide, for synergistic immunochemotherapy of cervical cancer. The unique thermosensitivity of the fusion protein makes it possible to greatly improve the pharmacokinetics of interferon‐alpha, leading to increased tumor accumulation and thus enhanced antitumor efficiency in mice bearing cervical cancers. Moreover, the combination of the fusion protein and cisplatin can inhibit the development of cervical cancer much more effectively than the fusion protein alone, cisplatin alone, or interferon‐alpha plus cisplatin, demonstrating the enhanced synergistic effect of the fusion protein plus cisplatin in cervical cancer immunochemotherapy over interferon‐alpha plus cisplatin. These results show that the synergistic combination of thermosensitive polypeptide fused interferon‐alpha and cisplatin can provide an effective and promising strategy for cervical cancer.
Interpretable Machine Learning Prediction of Voltage and Specific Capacity for Electrode Materials
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Wang Yinghe , Li Shu , Li Shuai , Chen Minghua 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe application of machine learning (ML) is becoming widespread and playing an important role in the property prediction and design of battery. Average voltage and specific capacity are two important indicators of electrode materials, which determine suitability of electrode materials in batteries. In this study, 4351 data are collected from Material Project and 324 features are extracted from Material Project or calculated by Matminer. Four ML models are discussed for prediction of average voltage and specific capacity. In order to ensure the prediction accuracy and efficiency of ML models, sequential backward selection (SBS) method is introduced to select optimal feature set, which can reduce redundancy features. The combination of Deep Neural Network model and optimal feature set selected by the SBS method achieves accurate prediction and outperforms Crystal Graph Convolutional Neural Network and Graph‐attention Graph Neural Network. The interpretability analysis provides insight into the relationship between features and two target properties. To cope with the poor prediction performance for metal‐ion battery with scarce data, transfer learning is adopted and an excellent improvement is achieved in the prediction in Na‐ion, Mg‐ion and Ca‐ion electrode material. It can be concluded that ML is an effective approach to battery property prediction and design.
Polyphenylene Ionomer as a Fortifier of Microphase Separation in Highly Conductive and Durable Polybenzimidazole‐Based High‐Temperature Proton Exchange Membranes
Authors: Bai Yu , Xiao Min , Wang Chengxin , Wang Shuanjin , Meng Yuezhong , Miyatake Kenji 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAcid‐functionalized polymers enhance the performance of phosphoric‐acid‐doped polybenzimidazoles (PA/PBIs); however, studies on examining the mechanisms driving these enhancements are scarce. Furthermore, the nanophase morphology of PA‐dependent proton‐exchange membranes has been rarely explored, despite its direct role in the distribution of PA and protonic conduction. In this study, theoretical and experimental analyses to evaluate the microphase separation, particularly the formation and in situ transformation of a two‐phase interface, in a defect‐free polyphenylene ionomer (SPP‐QP) with excellent integrity are performed. SPP‐QP serves as a fortifying agent with an enhanced microphase‐separation ability within PA/PBI‐based membranes. Specifically, the distinct swelling behavior of PA results in the formation of PA‐rich and PA‐poor regions. Thus, the formation of a durable interface that is impervious to PA degradation between SPP‐QP and PBI is critical for facilitating microphase separation. A single cell composed of the composite membrane offers a peak power density of 719 mW cm−2 at 160 °C. Moreover, the durability of a single cell is much longer than 150 h. The results obtained in this study provide insights into the micromorphology and membrane properties observed in the presence of PA.
Measuring the economic contribution of Agricultural and Applied Economics departments in the United States
Authors: Adjemian Michael K. , Goyal Raghav , Mittelhammer Ron , Thilmany Dawn 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAgricultural and applied economists make substantial positive contributions to the domestic economy. Defining a measure of the true total value of their contributions is likely impossible, because so much about their efforts is difficult to comprehensively observe and quantitatively document. In this paper, we adopt a conservative approach to generating an estimate of the contributions ag and applied economists make to U.S. economic output and the associated welfare of society through their teaching, research, and outreach efforts. To conduct the analysis, we implemented a nationwide survey of Agricultural and Applied Economics (AAE) departments and developed a framework to calculate the value of their contributions to national income, or Gross Domestic Product (GDP). We estimate that AAE departments increase overall U.S. GDP by $2.6 billion, annually. Through its efforts to improve the human capital of its graduates, AAE teaching raises the (expected) national income by $2.2–$2.3 billion, while we value direct research and outreach contributions at $207 million and $146 million, respectively. Because we do not observe the opportunity cost of the resources used to generate those contributions, we do not claim to estimate a true net economic impact but rather attempt to quantify the gross economic contributions of the professional services AAE departments currently offer the economy. The values we provide—especially the research and extension estimates which are exceedingly difficult to measure—likely underestimate the true benefits AAE offers to the nation.
Basicity‐Controlled Reactivity of meta‐OTf‐Substituted Diaryliodonium Salts for Direct Arylation or Diels‐Alder Cycloaddition of Pyrrole Derivatives
Authors: Jiang Ke , Li Xiaohui , Wang Limin , Han Jianwei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this study, we explored the reactivity of meta‐trifluoromethanesulfonate (OTf) substituted diaryliodonium salts under alkaline conditions. Two distinct pathways with direct arylation of pyrrole derivatives and Diels‐Alder cycloaddition via aryne intermediates, have been found upon the relative alkalinity strength of potassium carbonates or hydroxides. This approach offers a straightforward and efficient route to synthesize heterocyclic aromatics under mild reaction conditions with tolerance of various functional groups.
Broadening the Scope of van Leusen Reaction: Investigation of Benzofuro[2,3‐d]imidazole Formation
Authors: Kaziukonytė Paulina , Petraška Vilius , Kairys Visvaldas , Brukštus Algirdas , Žutautė Ieva 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe van Leusen reaction utilizes p‐toluenesulfonylmethyl isocyanide as a versatile synthon for constructing nitrogen‐containing heterocycles, such as oxazoles, imidazoles, thiazoles, and pyrroles. In this study, the van Leusen imidazole reaction, employed for synthesizing potential Hsp90 inhibitors, yielded unexpected side products containing novel condensed tricycles, specifically 3a,8b‐dihydro‐1H‐benzofuro[2,3‐d]imidazoles. The mechanism behind the formation of this unprecedented fragment was further analyzed through quantum mechanical calculations and experimental investigations of the reaction outcome under different reaction conditions and with various substituents. Additionally, the stabilities of the products were evaluated.
High‐Pressure Molecular Sieving of High‐Humidity C2H4/C2H6 Mixture by a Hydrophobic Flexible Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Zhang Xue‐Wen , He Hai , Gan You‐Wei , Wang Yu , Huang Ning‐Yu , Liao Pei‐Qin , Zhang Jie‐Peng , Chen Xiao‐Ming 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMolecular sieving is an ideal separation mechanism, but controlling pore size, restricting framework flexibility, and avoiding strong adsorption are all very challenging. Here, we report a flexible adsorbent showing molecular sieving at ambient temperature and high pressure, even under high humidity. While typical guest‐induced transformations are observed, a high transition pressure of 16.6 atm is observed for C2H4 at 298 K because of very weak C2H4 adsorption (~16 kJ mol−1). Also, C2H6 is completely excluded below the pore‐opening pressure of 7.7 atm, giving single‐component selectivity of ca. 300. Quantitative high‐pressure column breakthrough experiments using 1 : 1 C2H4/C2H6 mixtures at 10 atm as input confirm molecular sieving with C2H4 adsorption of 0.73 mmol g−1 or 32 cm3(STP) cm−3 and negligible C2H6 adsorption of 0.001(2) mmol g−1, and the adsorbent can be completely regenerated by inert gas purging. Furthermore, it is highly hydrophobic with negligible water adsorption, and the C2H4/C2H6 separation performance is unaffected at high humidity.
Bis‐azopyrazole Photoswitches for Efficient Solar Light Harvesting
Authors: Dong Dongfang , Zhang Zhao‐Yang , Dang Tongtong , Li Tao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAlthough natural sunlight is one of the most abundant and sustainable energy resources, only a fraction of its energy is currently harnessed and utilized in photoactive systems. The development of molecular photoswitches that can be directly activated by sunlight is imperative for unlocking the full potential of solar energy and addressing the growing energy demands. Herein, we designed a series of 2‐amino‐1,3‐bis‐azopyrazoles featuring a coupled πn system, resulting in a pronounced redshift in their spectral absorption, reaching up to 661 nm in the red region. By varying the amino substituents of these molecules, highly efficient E→Z photoisomerization under unfiltered sunlight can be achieved, with yields of up to 88.4 %. Moreover, the Z,Z‐isomers have high thermal stability with half‐lives from days to years at room temperature. The introduction of ortho‐amino substitutions and meta‐bisazo units leads to a reversal of the n–π* and πn–π* transitions on the energy scale. This change provides a new perspective for further tuning the visible absorption of azo‐switches by utilizing the πn–π* band instead of the conventional n–π* band. These results suggest that photoresponsive systems can be powered by sunlight instead of traditional artificial lights, thereby paving the way for sustainable smart materials and devices.
Precisely Regulating Intermolecular Interactions and Molecular Packing of Nonfused‐Ring Electron Acceptors via Halogen Transposition for High‐Performance Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Gu Xiaobin , Zeng Rui , Hou Yuqi , Yu Na , Qiao Jiawei , Li Hongxiang , Wei Yanan , He Tengfei , Zhu Jinge , Deng Jiawei , Tan Senke , Zhang Cai'e , Cai Yunhao , Long Guankui , Hao Xiaotao , Tang Zheng , Liu Feng , Zhang Xin , Huang Hui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe structure of molecular aggregates is crucial for charge transport and photovoltaic performance in organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, the intermolecular interactions and aggregated structures of nonfused‐ring electron acceptors (NFREAs) are precisely regulated through a halogen transposition strategy, resulting in a noteworthy transformation from a 2D‐layered structure to a 3D‐interconnected packing network. Based on the 3D electron transport pathway, the binary and ternary devices deliver outstanding power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 17.46 % and 18.24 %, respectively, marking the highest value for NFREA‐based OSCs.
Inducing and Switching the Handedness of Polyacetylenes with Topologically Chiral [2]Catenane Pendants
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhang Xin , Huang Chang‐Bo , Hu Lianrui , Wang Xu‐Qing , Wang Wei , Yang Hai‐Bo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo explore the chirality induction and switching of topological chirality, poly[2]catenanes composed of helical poly(phenylacetylenes) (PPAs) main chain and topologically chiral [2]catenane pendants are described for the first time. These poly[2]catenanes with optically active [2]catenanes on side chains were synthesized by polymerization of enantiomerically pure topologically chiral [2]catenanes with ethynyl polymerization site and/or point chiral moiety. The chirality information of [2]catenane pendants was successfully transferred to the main chain of polyene backbones, leading to preferred‐handed helical conformations, while the introduction of point chiral units has negligible effect on the overall helices. More interestingly, attributed to unique dynamic feature of the [2]catenane pendants, these polymers revealed dynamic response behaviors to solvents, temperature, and sodium ions, resulting in the fully reversible switching on/off of the chirality induction. This work provides not only new design strategy for novel chiroptical switches with topologically chiral molecules but also novel platforms for the development of smart chiral materials.
Flexible Aqueous Cr‐Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors with Remarkable Electrochemical Properties in all Climates
Authors: Sun Baolong , Wang Ni , Xie Xingchen , Zhong Li , He Lixiang , Xiang Mingliang , Liang Kun , Hu Wencheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe integration of hostless battery‐like metal anodes for hybrid supercapacitors is a realistic design method for energy storage devices with promising future applications. With significant Cr element deposits on Earth, exceptionally high theoretical capacity (1546 mAh g−1), and accessible redox potential (−0.74 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode) of Cr metals, the design of Cr anodes has rightly come into our focus. This work presents a breakthrough design of a flexible Cr‐ion hybrid supercapacitor (CHSC) based on a porous graphitized carbon fabric (PGCF) substrate prepared by K2FeO4 activation. In the CHSC device, PGCF acts as both a current collector and cathode material due to its high specific surface area and superior conductivity. The use of a highly concentrated LiCl−CrCl3 electrolyte with high Cr plating/stripping efficiency and excellent antifreeze properties enables the entire PGCF‐based CHSC to achieve well‐balanced performance in terms of energy density (up to 1.47 mWh cm−2), power characteristics (reaching 9.95 mW cm−2) and durability (95.4 % capacity retention after 30,000 cycles), while realizing it to work well under harsh conditions of −40 °C. This work introduces a new concept for low‐temperature energy storage technology and confirms the potential application of Cr anodes in hybrid supercapacitors.
Coupling of Aryl Chlorides with Lithium Nucleophiles Enabled by Molecularly Defined Alkynyllithium Palladium Catalysts
Authors: Goebel Jonas F. , Stemmer Johanna , Krüger Nele , Sakhaee Nader , Gooßen Lukas J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPalladium‐catalyzed cross‐couplings of aryl chlorides usually call for bulky, electron‐rich ligands such as phosphines or heterocyclic carbenes. We have now found that similarly powerful cross‐coupling catalysts are obtained by the reaction of palladium salts with alkynyllithium reagents. The species initially formed in this process was characterized as a dilithium tetraalkinyl palladate complex. It catalyzes the coupling of aryl chlorides with the lithium salts of various terminal alkynes to give alkynyl arenes. The isolated Li‐alkynyl‐Pd complex also efficiently promotes the reaction of aryl, and allyl chlorides with (hetero)aryl‐, alkyl‐, and allyllithium compounds as well as lithium amides. None of these reactions proceeded in the presence of palladium salts alone. The preparative utility of this approach was demonstrated by the synthesis of 49 molecules, including pharmaceutically relevant compounds.
Preparation and characterization of a novel allyl ether naphthalene phenolic modified bismaleimide resin and its composites
Authors: Su Yinchi , Wang Fan , Zhu Yaping , Qi Huimin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAllyl ether naphthol resin (ANPF) was synthesized by introducing 1,5‐dihydroxynaphthalene and 2,7‐dihydroxynaphthalene into phenolic resin and was copolymerized with 4,4′‐bismaleimidodiphenylmethane resin (BDM) to obtain allyl ether naphthol‐modified bismaleimide resins (15‐ANPF‐BDM and 27‐ANPF‐BDM). The resulting thermal stability and glass transition temperature (Tg) were explored by thermogravimetric and dynamic mechanical analyses. The char yield of 15‐ANPF‐BDM at a temperature of 800°C was 46.0%. Additionally, the Tg of 15‐ANPF‐BDM was measured as 311°C, which is an increase of 44°C compared to that of c. The mechanical properties of the ANPF‐BDM/quartz fiber (Qf) composites were also investigated. The results reveal that ANPF‐BDM/Qf composites exhibit similar mechanical strength to APF‐BDM/Qf composites at room temperature. In addition, the mechanical properties of the ANPF‐BDM/ Qf composites demonstrated significant improvement in mechanical properties retained significantly improved at 200°C, with a 68% flexural strength retention and a 96% interlaminar shear retention of 15‐ANPF‐BDM/Qf composites. Thus, ANPF‐BDM/Qf composites exhibit outstanding mechanical properties at 200°C.
Unfurling an improved method for visualizing mitotic chromosomes in ferns
Authors: Ramirez‐Castillo Rosa , Palma‐Rojas Claudio , Seguel Pedro Jara , Grusz Amanda L. , Araya‐Jaime Cristian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPremiseCytotaxonomy employs chromosome visualization to study organismal relationships and evolution. Despite the critical value of cytogenetic data, cytotypes are lacking for many plant groups. Here, we present an improved approach for visualizing mitotic chromosomes in ferns, a key lineage of land plants, using the dividing cells of unfurling croziers (fiddleheads).Methods and ResultsOur modified mitotic chromosome preparation incorporates a brief pectinase–cellulase pretreatment, as well as colchicine fixation and the Feulgen reaction to improve the staining and separation of mitotic chromosomes. To demonstrate this easy and efficient assessment, we determined the sporophytic (2n) chromosome number for three fern species: Cheilanthes mollis (2n = 60), Cheilanthes hypoleuca (2n = 120), and Nephrolepis cordifolia (2n = 82).ConclusionsThe new method presented here improves visualizations of mitotic chromosomes from the dividing nuclei of young fern croziers. Fiddleheads are widely accessible in nature and in living collections worldwide, and this modified approach increases their suitability for fern cytotaxonomic studies.
Structural properties of linear discrete periodic systems based on fully actuated system approaches
Authors: Lv Lingling , Li Zikai , Liu Xinyang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this paper, the structural properties of linear discrete‐periodic systems are investigated using fully actuated system approaches and the related criteria are presented, with emphasis on the observability and controllability criteria based on fully actuated system approaches. Both the high‐order fully measured and high‐order fully actuated models of linear discrete periodic time‐varying systems are constructed, and it is shown that a sufficient and necessary condition for the linear discrete periodic system to be observable (controllable) is that it can be equivalently transformed into a step‐forward high‐order fully measured (fully actuated) model and a step‐backward high‐order fully measured (fully actuated) model. Finally, a numerical example is offered to demonstrate the validity and feasibility of the approach.