bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of psychotropic medication in the perinatal period
Authors: Petrosellini Chiara , McAlpine Lynsey , Protti Olivia , Siassakos Dimitrios 
Published: June 2024

Key content:
The perinatal period confers an elevated risk of both relapses and new onset of mental illness. Suboptimal treatment can have a profound impact on maternal mortality and morbidity, neonatal outcomes and longer term child development.
Most psychotropic medication can be used safely in pregnancy, with some notable exceptions.
While decisions on the use of psychotropic medications in pregnancy are often complex and should be multidisciplinary, it is imperative that obstetricians and gynaecologists familiarise themselves with current literature to provide evidence‐based counselling and care.
Existing guidelines on the use of psychotropic medication are largely aimed at psychiatrists, and to date there has been a lack of concise, digestible information with a focus on core knowledge for obstetricians and gynaecologists.
We summarise existing evidence on the use of antidepressants, antipsychotics, mood stabilisers and sedatives in the perinatal period. For each drug class we describe the teratogenicity, impact on pregnancy, breastfeeding and the newborn.
Learning objectives:
To be familiar with common psychotropic medication used in pregnancy and the postpartum period.
To understand key evidence on the safety profile of psychiatric medication in the perinatal period and apply this to individualised counselling.
Outcomes of Stereotactic Radiation Therapy Versus Fractionated Radiation Therapy in 44 Dogs With Pituitary Masses: A Multi‐Institutional Retrospective Study (2016–2022)
Authors: Gieger Tracy L. , Magestro Leanne , Walz Jillian , Yoshikawa Hiroto , Nolan Michael W. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTAlthough canine pituitary masses (PM) are increasingly treated with stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT), historical literature supports superior outcomes with conventional full‐course fractionated radiation therapy (FRT). A multi‐institutional retrospective study was performed, including dogs with PM treated from 2016 to 2022 with SRT (total dose 30 or 35 Gy in 5 daily fractions) or FRT (total dose 50–54 Gy in 19–20 daily fractions). The influence of potential prognostic/predictive factors was assessed, including pituitary: brain height, pituitary: brain volume, sex, age and endocrine status (functional [F] vs. nonfunctional [NF] PM). Forty‐four dogs with PM were included (26 F, 14 NF, 4 unknown). All patients completed protocols as scheduled (SRT = 27, FRT = 17) and two dogs had suspected Grade 1 acute neurotoxicity. During the first 6 months after RT, 5/27 (19%) dogs treated with SRT (4 F, 1 NF) and 3/17 (18%) dogs treated with FRT (all F) died or were euthanised because of progressive neurologic signs. The overall median survival time was 608 days (95% CI, 375–840 days). Young age at the time of treatment was significant for survival (p = 0.0288); the overall median survival time was 753 days for dogs <9 years of age (95% CI, 614–892 days) and 445 days for dogs ≥9 years of age (95% CI, 183–707 days). Survival time was not associated with treatment type or any other factor assessed herein. A prospective study using standardised protocols would further validate the results of the present study and potentially elucidate the predictors of early death.
Influence of donor age, sex and ethnicity on high‐titre anti‐A and ‐B: Review of 6 million donations from two national blood providers
Authors: Robbins Melanie , Huish Sian , Griffiths Alexandra , Powley Tanya , Daly James , Cardigan Rebecca 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSome blood operators routinely screen blood donations for high‐titre (HT) anti‐A/B to reduce the risk of a haemolytic transfusion reaction due to out‐of‐group plasma‐rich components. We assessed donor factors associated with an increased likelihood of screening positive and compared routine data between England and Australia.Materials and MethodsData were assessed from HT screening during 2018–2020 in Australia and 2018–2021 in England, totalling nearly 6 million blood donations. Screening was performed using a Beckman Coulter PK7300 analyser with a micro‐titre plate saline direct agglutination test in both countries, although different reagent red cells were chosen. HT‐positive was defined as testing positive at a titre of 128 or above.ResultsThe likelihood of a donor testing HT‐positive was greater for females than males, declined with age and was dependent on the ABO group. However, the proportion of donors testing HT‐positive was consistently higher in Australia than in England: overall, 14% of group O donations and 5% of group A donations in England tested HT‐positive, compared with 51% and 22%, respectively in Australia. English data also showed that donors from Black, Asian or mixed ethnic backgrounds were more likely to test HT‐positive than White donors.ConclusionThese data demonstrate that donor sex, age, ABO group and ethnicity affect the likelihood of testing HT‐positive. Differences in testing methods likely had a significant impact on the proportion of donors testing as HT‐positive or ‐negative rather than any differences in donor populations.
A Novel Unsupervised Domain Adaptation Transformation Reconstructed Gated Recurrent Unit Framework Considering Prediction Uncertainty for Machinery Prognostics Under Variable Lubrication Conditions
Authors: Shen Xintian , Wang Zi , Ding Peng , Zhao Xiaoli , Jia Minping 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
As critical components in industrial application scenarios, high-precision and high-confidence health assessment of rolling bearings attract more and more attention. Currently, predictive maintenance obtains outstanding achievements under the same object and working conditions. However, evaluation performances under variable working conditions and different specifications still need to be improved. This study zeroes in on the cross-domain prognostics of rotating machinery under oil and grease lubrication conditions. It proposes an unsupervised domain adaptation (DA) transform reconstruction GRU (UDATrGRU) prognostics framework, which captures the common degradation characteristics under different lubrication conditions through the designed second-order statistical quantity, facilitating the following high-precision predictions. To be specific, the vibration degradation features are first extracted through signal preprocessing and then input into UDATrGRU. The developed domain adaptation layer calculates high-dimensional projections between diverse data sets, and then corresponding degradation features are statistically aligned under the pressure of the designed quantity. Subsequently, time-series modeling and Bootstrap-based uncertainty estimations are carried out. Finally, lifecycle accelerated tests of the rolling bearing from PRONOSITA and ABLT-1A cross-validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed machinery prognostics framework. The results are pretty promising: compared to existing methods, our UDATrGRU framework has achieved an improvement of at least 5.65% in R2 and a reduction of at least 21.5% in root mean squared error.
Data Augmentation Based on Image Translation for Bayesian Inference-Based Damage Diagnostics of Miter Gates
Authors: Zeng Yichao , Zeng Jice , Todd Michael D. , Hu Zhen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Structural health monitoring (SHM) data is the essential foundation for any SHM structural integrity assessment, including large civil infrastructure such as the miter gate application in this work. For some applications, the amount of monitoring data is limited due to various reasons such as a lack of sensor deployment investment, sensor reliability, inaccessibility of measurement locations, expensive duty cycles, etc. This limited data could result in uncertainty in structural health assessment. This paper addresses this challenging issue by proposing a data augmentation method based on image translation for Bayesian inference-based damage diagnostics. In particular, we translate the monitoring data of one miter gate to that of another, thereby increasing the volume of monitoring data available for assessing the structural health of a target miter gate. This translation starts with converting the monitoring data of different miter gates into images. After that, Cycle Generative Adversarial Networks (CycleGAN) are employed to accomplish the task of image translation among different miter gates. A verification method is developed to verify the accuracy of the translated images (i.e., synthetic monitoring data). After the accuracy verification, the translated images are used together with the true monitoring data for damage diagnostics. Two types of CycleGAN architectures are investigated and compared using a case study. Results of the case study show that the proposed data augmentation method can effectively improve the accuracy and confidence of damage diagnostics of miter gates. It demonstrates the potential of integrating synthetic data generation with probabilistic model updating in structural health monitoring.
Assessment of ansys-fluent Code for Computation of Two-Phase Flow Characteristics: A Comparative Study of Water–Air and Silicone Oil–Air in a Vertical Pipe
Authors: Mondal Prantik , Lahiri Sandip Kumar , Ghanta Kartik Chandra 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The study aimed to assess the flow characteristics of water–air and silicone oil–air in a vertical upward pipe, utilizing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations with the volume of fluid (VOF) model. Structured meshes with various resolutions were employed to ensure mesh independence, and the k–ε realizable model addressed turbulence. Simulations were conducted in a vertical pipe with a diameter of 67 mm, while varying superficial gas velocities. The investigation focused on the impact of superficial gas velocity on flow patterns, radial void fractions, void fraction time series, probability density functions (PDFs), and mean void fractions. Results indicated a transition in flow patterns with increasing superficial gas velocities: water–air shifted from cap-bubbly to churn flow, and silicone oil–air transitioned from bubbly to annular flow. Notably, annular flow was observed in silicone oil even at low gas velocity. Substantial alterations were observed in radial void fraction profiles corresponding to changing flow patterns. Void fraction time series showed higher fluctuations for water compared to silicone oil, and PDFs identified regimes. Mean void fraction consistently demonstrated higher values for silicone oil compared to water across all flow conditions. The CFD results were validated against experiments, demonstrating good agreement. Furthermore, the validated model was applied to predict pressure drops and liquid velocities between the two systems. Silicone oil exhibited lower pressure drops compared to water. Significant differences in liquid velocities were observed between the two systems at 0.05 m/s and 5.71 m/s, emphasizing the impact of fluid properties.
Defining Worst-Case-Scenario Thresholds in Soccer: Intensity Versus Volume
Authors: Mandorino Mauro , Lacome Mathieu 
Published: June 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to enhance the understanding of soccer match peak demands by describing worst-case scenario (WCS) and time spent above 80% and 90% of the WCS for total distance (TD) and high-speed running (HSR). The investigation considered playing level (first team vs under-19 [U19] team) and playing position (center backs, fullbacks, midfielders, and forwards) to assess how WCS and the time spent above specific thresholds vary across different populations. Methods: Data from 31 players in a professional Italian soccer club were collected during the 2022–23 season. Microtechnology devices tracked physical activity during matches. Players were categorized by position, and WCS was determined using rolling averages over a 1-minute period. Time spent above 80% and 90% of WCS for TD and HSR was calculated. Results: The U19 team exhibited higher HSR WCS compared with the first team (∼63 m·min−1 vs ∼56 m·min−1). Midfielders recorded the highest TD WCS (∼208 m·min−1), and forwards exhibited the highest HSR WCS (∼70 m·min−1). The first team spent significantly more time above 80% (∼6 min) and 90% (∼1 min) of TD WCS. Midfielders spent significantly more time above the 80% (∼7 min) of TD WCS, while forwards above the 80% (∼2 min) of HSR WCS. Conclusions: The study emphasizes that WCS used alone may not sufficiently capture real match intensity. Considering the time spent above specific thresholds provides additional insights (ie, between-levels differences and position). Practitioners should consider both WCS and time spent above thresholds for individualized training prescriptions, reflecting differences in playing roles.
Understanding the Kinematic Profile of 2 Underwater Pullout Breaststroke Techniques
Authors: Santos Catarina C. , Ferreira Francisco A. , Soares Susana , Fernandes Ricardo J. , Vilas-Boas João Paulo , Costa Mário J. 
Published: June 2024

Purpose: To compare the kinematic profile of 2 underwater pullout breaststroke techniques. Methods: Sixteen swimmers (9 men, 20.67 [2.71] y old; 7 women, 18.86 [0.83] y old) performed 3 × 25-m breaststroke using 2 pullout breaststroke techniques: Fly-Kick first and Combined. A speedometer was used to assess the peak and the mean velocity during the glide, propulsion, and recovery phases of both techniques, as well as for the total underwater sequence. The underwater distance was retrieved from video footage and was considered for each pullout technique. The range of motion of the knee during the fly-kick was also retrieved, and the time to complete the 25 m was considered the performance outcome, accompanied by the mean velocity, stroke rate, stroke length, and stroke index. Results: Velocity–time series showed different profiles between pullout techniques (P ≤ .05) mostly in the glide and propulsion phases for males and females, respectively. The mean velocity of 25 m was shown to be greater in females when using the Fly-Kick first technique (P = .05, d = 0.36). Greater values in total underwater distance and knee range of motion were also observed for this technique in both cohorts. Conclusions: Female swimmers presented a higher performance when using the Fly-Kick first technique. Different kinematic profiles arise when swimmers use different underwater pullout techniques where the Fly-Kick first may allow them to reach higher kinematical standard.
Nab-paclitaxel, cisplatin, and capecitabine versus cisplatin and gemcitabine as first line chemotherapy in patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: randomised phase 3 clinical trial
Authors: Liu Guo-Ying , Ye Yan-Fang , Jiang Yao-Fei , Chen Gina Jinna , Xia Wei-Xiong , Huang Yi-Sheng , Gao Tian-Sheng , Liu Yi-Min , Hou Ya-Ting , Li Jian-Fei , Liu Jia-Hao , Lu Nian , Chen Chang-Long , Ke Liang-Ru , Liang Hu , Bei Wei-Xin , Li Wang-Zhong , Dong Shu-Hui , Liu Qin , Xie Changqing , Yao He-Rui , Xiang Yan-Qun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
To compare the effectiveness and safety of nab-paclitaxel, cisplatin, and capecitabine (nab-TPC) with gemcitabine and cisplatin as an alternative first line treatment option for recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Design
Phase 3, open label, multicentre, randomised trial.

Setting
Four hospitals located in China between September 2019 and August 2022.

Participants
Adults (≥18 years) with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Interventions

Patients were randomised in a 1:1 ratio to treatment with either nab-paclitaxel (200 g/m
2
on day 1), cisplatin (60 mg/m
2
on day 1), and capecitabine (1000 mg/m
2
twice on days 1-14) or gemcitabine (1 g/m
2
on days 1 and 8) and cisplatin (80 mg/m
2
on day 1).

Main outcome measures
Progression-free survival was evaluated by the independent review committee as the primary endpoint in the intention-to-treat population.

Results

The median follow-up was 15.8 months in the prespecified interim analysis (31 October 2022). As assessed by the independent review committee, the median progression-free survival was 11.3 (95% confidence interval 9.7 to 12.9) months in the nab-TPC cohort compared with 7.7 (6.5 to 9.0) months in the gemcitabine and cisplatin cohort. The hazard ratio was 0.43 (95% confidence interval 0.25 to 0.73; P=0.002). The objective response rate in the nab-TPC cohort was 83% (34/41) versus 63% (25/40) in the gemcitabine and cisplatin cohort (P=0.05), and the duration of response was 10.8 months in the nab-TPC cohort compared with 6.9 months in the gemcitabine and cisplatin cohort (P=0.009). Treatment related grade 3 or 4 adverse events, including leukopenia (4/41 (10%)
v
13/40 (33%); P=0.02), neutropenia (6/41 (15%)
v
16/40 (40%); P=0.01), and anaemia (1/41 (2%)
v
8/40 (20%); P=0.01), were higher in the gemcitabine and cisplatin cohort than in the nab-TPC cohort. No deaths related to treatment occurred in either treatment group. Survival and long term toxicity are still being evaluated with longer follow-up.

Conclusion
The nab-TPC regimen showed a superior antitumoural efficacy and favourable safety profile compared with gemcitabine and cisplatin for recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Nab-TPC should be considered the standard first line treatment for recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Longer follow-up is needed to confirm the benefits for overall survival.

Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1900027112.
Diagnosis and management of resistant hypertension
Authors: Schiffrin Ernesto L , Fisher Naomi D L 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Resistant hypertension is defined as blood pressure that remains above the therapeutic goal despite concurrent use of at least three antihypertensive agents of different classes, including a diuretic, with all agents administered at maximum or maximally tolerated doses. Resistant hypertension is also diagnosed if blood pressure control requires four or more antihypertensive drugs. Assessment requires the exclusion of apparent treatment resistant hypertension, which is most often the result of non-adherence to treatment. Resistant hypertension is associated with major cardiovascular events in the short and long term, including heart failure, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and renal failure. Guidelines from several professional organizations recommend lifestyle modification and antihypertensive drugs. Medications typically include an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker, a calcium channel blocker, and a long acting thiazide-type/like diuretic; if a fourth drug is needed, evidence supports addition of a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist. After a long pause since 2007 when the last antihypertensive class was approved, several novel agents are now under active development. Some of these may provide potent blood pressure lowering in broad groups of patients, such as aldosterone synthase inhibitors and dual endothelin receptor antagonists, whereas others may provide benefit by allowing treatment of resistant hypertension in special populations, such as non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in patients with chronic kidney disease. Several device based approaches have been tested, with renal denervation being the best supported and only approved interventional device treatment for resistant hypertension.
Uptake, safety and effectiveness of inactivated influenza vaccine in inflammatory bowel disease: a UK-wide study
Authors: Nakafero Georgina , Grainge Matthew J , Card Tim , Mallen Christian D , Nguyen Van-Tam Jonathan S , Abhishek Abhishek 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveTo investigate (1) the UK-wide inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) uptake in adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), (2) the association between vaccination against influenza and IBD flare and (3) the effectiveness of IIV in preventing morbidity and mortality.DesignData for adults with IBD diagnosed before the 1 September 2018 were extracted from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Gold. We calculated the proportion of people vaccinated against seasonal influenza in the 2018–2019 influenza cycle. To investigate vaccine effectiveness, we calculated the propensity score (PS) for vaccination and conducted Cox proportional hazard regression with inverse-probability treatment weighting on PS. We employed self-controlled case series analysis to investigate the association between vaccination and IBD flare.ResultsData for 13 631 people with IBD (50.4% male, mean age 52.9 years) were included. Fifty percent were vaccinated during the influenza cycle, while 32.1% were vaccinated on time, that is, before the seasonal influenza virus circulated in the community. IIV was associated with reduced all-cause mortality (aHR (95% CI): 0.73 (0.55,0.97) but not hospitalisation for pneumonia (aHR (95% CI) 0.52 (0.20–1.37), including in the influenza active period (aHR (95% CI) 0.48 (0.18–1.27)). Administration of the IIV was not associated with IBD flare.ConclusionThe uptake of influenza vaccine was low in people with IBD, and the majority were not vaccinated before influenza virus circulated in the community. Vaccination with the IIV was not associated with IBD flare. These findings add to the evidence to promote vaccination against influenza in people with IBD.
Rising caesarean section rates and factors affecting women’s decision-making about mode of birth in Indonesia: a longitudinal qualitative study
Authors: Zahroh Rana Islamiah , Hazfiarini Alya , Martiningtyas Moya AD , Ekawati Fitriana Murriya , Emilia Ova , Cheong Marc , Betran Ana Pilar , Homer Caroline SE , Bohren Meghan A 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionCaesarean section (CS) rates in Indonesia are increasing rapidly. Understanding women’s preferences about mode of birth is important to help contextualise these rising rates and can help develop interventions to optimise CS. This study aimed to explore Indonesian women’s preferences and decision-making about mode of birth, and how their preferences may change throughout pregnancy and birth.MethodsWe conducted a longitudinal qualitative study using in-depth interviews with 28 women accessing private and public health facilities in Jakarta, the region with the highest CS rates. Interviews were conducted two times: during the woman’s third trimester of pregnancy and in the postpartum period, between October 2022 and March 2023. We used a reflexive thematic approach for analysis.ResultsWe generated three themes: (1) preferences about the mode of birth, (2) decision-making about the mode of birth and (3) regrets about the actual mode of birth. Most women preferred vaginal birth. However, they were influenced by advertisements promoting enhanced recovery after CS (ERACS) as an ‘advanced technique’ of CS, promising a comfortable, painless and faster recovery birth. This messaging influenced women to perceive CS as equivalent or even superior to vaginal birth. Where women’s preferences for mode of birth shifted around the time of birth, this was primarily due to the obstetricians’ discretion. Women felt they did not receive adequate information from obstetricians on the benefits and risks of CS and vaginal birth and felt disappointed when their actual mode of birth was not aligned with their preferences.ConclusionOur study shows that despite rising CS rates, Indonesian women prefer vaginal birth. This highlights the need for better communication strategies and evidence-based information from healthcare providers. Given the rising popularity of ERACS, more work is urgently needed to standardise and regulate its use.