bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Charles Bonnet syndrome: a literature review into diagnostic criteria, treatment and implications for nursing practice
Authors: HUGHES D. F. 
Published: March 2012

Accessible summary
While visual hallucinations are often associated with mental illness, they often have an underlying psychical or organic cause. Impaired vision due to cataracts or macular degeneration are such an example.
Antipsychotic medications may provide little or no benefit and add the risk of dangerous side effects.
Mental health nurses are able to identify the condition and provide education and support to the patient which is at present, the most effective treatment.
AbstractCharles Bonnet syndrome is a disease of vision which may be mistakenly identified as manifestations of psychosis and consequently be treated by psychiatrists and mental health nurses rather than ophthalmologists. This literature review considers current understanding of the syndrome, its treatment and the role of mental health nurses. The two main findings of the review are that despite a long recognition of the syndrome, diagnostic criteria are not established and that there is no recognized evidence‐based medical treatment. As well as this, two novel treatments which may offer future benefits are discussed. Current best practice is identified as identifying the condition and providing reassurance and education, a role that mental health nurses that are aware of Charles Bonnet syndrome can fulfil perhaps better than any other discipline.
Dissemination of behavioural activation for depression to mental health nurses: training evaluation and benchmarked clinical outcomes
Authors: EKERS D. M. , DAWSON M. S. , BAILEY E. 
Published: March 2012

Accessible summary
Depression is a very common condition that causes significant distress and disability to those that experience it. It results in considerable financial problems for both the individual and the society. Talking treatments are available but are limited in availability in part to the long‐term training needed leading to insufficient therapist numbers.
Behavioural activation is a relatively simple treatment that appears as effective as the more complex cognitive behavioural therapy and may be suitable to train staff such as mental health nurses relatively quickly.
We found that staff found the training acceptable and useful and that they felt it was suitable for them. Results seen in a recent research trial using mental health nurses as therapists following 5 days' training appeared to show the same level of improvement in depression symptom level as seen when the treatment is delivered by more specialist staff with much longer training.
Behavioural activation may be able to be widely disseminated with minimal time and cost among staff groups like mental health nurses. This could lead to greater access to evidence‐based talking therapy for people experiencing depression.
AbstractDepression causes significant distress, disability and cost within the UK. Behavioural activation (BA) is an effective single‐strand psychological approach which may lend itself to brief training programmes for a wide range of clinical staff. No previous research has directly examined outcomes of such dissemination. A 5‐day training course for 10 primary care mental health workers aiming to increase knowledge and clinical skills in BA was evaluated using the Training Acceptability Rating Scale. Depression symptom level data collected in a randomized controlled trial using trainees were then compared to results from meta‐analysis of studies using experienced therapists. BA training was highly acceptable to trainees (94.4%, SD 6%). The combined effect size of BA was unchanged by the addition of the results of this evaluation to those of studies using specialist therapists. BA offers a promising psychological intervention for depression that appears suitable for delivery by mental health nurses following brief training.
Constraining clastic input controls on magnetic susceptibility and trace element anomalies during the Late Devonian punctata Event in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin
Authors: Śliwiński Maciej G. , Whalen Michael T. , Meyer Franz J. , Majs František 
Published: March 2012

Terra Nova, 24, 301–309, 2012AbstractFactor analyses were applied to trace element and magnetic susceptibility (MS) records of the Late Devonian palaeoceanographic ‘punctata Event’ perturbation in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin to constrain the extent to which geochemical anomalies were driven by 1) changes in clastic input (Factor 1; 55.1% of total variance) vs. 2) anoxia in the depositional environment (Factor 2; 35.2% of total variance). MS associates only with Factor 1 (r = 0.971) and is significantly correlated (99.9% level) with acid‐insoluble limestone residues and clastic proxies (Al, Si, K, Ti, Zr; r = 0.542–0.639). Based on XRD analyses of a small subset of these residues (N = 7), a multivariate linear regression model accounts for 97.7% of total MS variance as a function of variable admixing of illite, pyrite, quartz and feldspar, in turn variably diluted by stratigraphic changes in the total carbonate content.
Fluorescent protein‐based technologies: shedding new light on the plant endomembrane system
Authors: Sparkes Imogen , Brandizzi Federica 
Published: March 2012

SummaryWithout doubt, GFP and spectral derivatives have revolutionized the way biologists approach their journey toward the discovery of how plant cells function. It is fascinating that in its early days GFP was used merely for localization studies, but as time progressed researchers successfully explored new avenues to push the power of GFP technology to reach new and exciting research frontiers. This has had a profound impact on the way we can now study complex and dynamic systems such as plant endomembranes. Here we briefly describe some of the approaches where GFP has revolutionized in vivo studies of protein distribution and dynamics and focus on two emerging approaches for the application of GFP technology in plant endomembranes, namely optical tweezers and forward genetics approaches, which are based either on the light or on genetic manipulation of secretory organelles to gain insights on the factors that control their activities and integrity.
Cell type‐specific transcriptional profiling: implications for metabolite profiling
Authors: Rogers Eric D. , Jackson Terry , Moussaieff Arieh , Aharoni Asaph , Benfey Philip N. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryPlant development and survival is centered on complex regulatory networks composed of genes, proteins, hormone pathways, metabolites and signaling pathways. The recent advancements in whole genome biology have furthered our understanding of the interactions between these networks. As a result, numerous cell type‐specific transcriptome profiles have been generated that have elucidated complex gene regulatory networks occurring at the cellular level, many of which were masked during whole‐organ analysis. Modern technologies have also allowed researchers to generate multiple whole‐organ metabolite profiles; however, only a limited number have been generated at the level of individual cells. Recent advancements in the isolation of individual cell populations have made cell type‐specific metabolite profiles possible, enabling the enhanced detection and quantification of metabolites that were formerly unavailable when considering the whole organ. The comparison of metabolite and transcriptome profiles from the same cells has been a valuable resource to generate predictions regarding specific metabolite activity and function. In this review, we focus on recent studies that demonstrate the value of cell type‐specific transcriptional profiles and their comparison with profiles generated from whole organs. Advancements in the isolation of single‐cell populations will be highlighted, and the potential application towards generating detailed metabolic profiles will be discussed.
Use of mass spectrometry for imaging metabolites in plants
Authors: Lee Young Jin , Perdian David C. , Song Zhihong , Yeung Edward S. , Nikolau Basil J. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryWe discuss and illustrate recent advances that have been made to image the distribution of metabolites among cells and tissues of plants using different mass spectrometry technologies. These technologies include matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization, desorption electrospray ionization, and secondary ion mass spectrometry. These are relatively new technological applications of mass spectrometry and they are providing highly spatially resolved data concerning the cellular distribution of metabolites. We discuss the advantages and limitations of each of these mass spectrometric methods, and provide a description of the technical barriers that are currently limiting the technology to the level of single‐cell resolution. However, we anticipate that advances in the next few years will increase the resolving power of the technology to provide unprecedented data on the distribution of metabolites at the subcellular level, which will increase our ability to decipher new knowledge concerning the spatial organization of metabolic processes in plants.
Quantitative imaging using genetically encoded sensors for small molecules in plants
Authors: Okumoto Sakiko 
Published: March 2012

SummaryQuantitative imaging in live cells is a powerful method for monitoring the dynamics of biomolecules at an excellent spatio‐temporal resolution. Such an approach, initially limited to a small number of substrates for which specific dyes were available, has become possible for a large number of biomolecules due to the development of genetically encoded, protein‐based sensors. These sensors, which can be introduced into live cells through a transgenic approach, offer the benefits of quantitative imaging, with an extra advantage of non‐invasiveness. In the past decade there has been a drastic expansion in the number of biomolecules for which genetically encoded sensors are available, and the functional properties of existing sensors are being improved at a dramatic pace. A number of technical improvements have now made the application of genetically encoded sensors in plants rather straightforward, and some of the sensors such as calcium indicator proteins have become standard analytical tools in many plant laboratories. The use of a handful of probes has already revealed an amazing specificity of cellular biomolecule dynamics in plants, which leads us to believe that there are many more discoveries to be made using genetically encoded sensors. In this short review, we will summarize the progress made in the past 15 years in the development in genetically encoded sensors, and highlight significant discoveries made in plant biology.
Metabolite analyses of single cells
Authors: Oikawa Akira , Saito Kazuki 
Published: March 2012

SummarySingle‐cell analysis is a promising method for understanding not only cellular physiology but also biological mechanisms of multicellular organisms. Although neighboring cells in multicellular organisms originate from the same genomic information, different circumstances around cells or epigenetic differences have different influences on each cell, leading to differing expression of genes, and thus differing levels and dynamics of metabolites, in single cells. However, single‐cell analysis is a tough challenge, even with recent technologies, because of the small size of single cells. Unlike genes, metabolites cannot be amplified, and therefore metabolite analysis is another issue. To analyze such a tiny quantity of metabolites in a single cell, various techniques have been tried and developed. Especially in mass spectrometry, marked improvements in both detection sensitivity and ionization techniques have opened up the challenge for the analysis of metabolites in single cells. In this review, we discuss the method for metabolite detection at the level of single cells and recent advancements in technology.
Inter‐species sequence comparison of Brachypodium reveals how transposon activity corrodes genome colinearity
Authors: Buchmann Jan P. , Matsumoto Takashi , Stein Nils , Keller Beat , Wicker Thomas 
Published: March 2012

SummaryIntergenic sequences evolve rapidly in plant genomes through a process known as genomic turnover. To investigate the influence of DNA transposons on genomic turnover, we compared 1 Mbp of orthologous genomic sequences from Brachypodium distachyon and Brachypodium sylvaticum. We found that B. distachyon and B. sylvaticum diverged approximately 1.7–2.0 million years ago. Of a total of 219 genes identified on the analyzed sequences, 211 were colinear. However, only 24 transposable elements of a total of 451 were orthologous (i.e. inserted in the common ancestor). We characterized in detail 59 insertions and 60 excisions of DNA transposons in one or other species, which altered 17% of the intergenic space. The DNA transposon excision sites showed complex and highly diagnostic sequence motifs for double‐strand break (DSB) repair. DNA transposon excisions can lead to extensive deletions of hundreds of base pairs of flanking sequence if the DSB is repaired by ‘single‐strand annealing’, or insertions of up to several hundred base pairs of ‘filler DNA’ if the DSB is repaired by ‘synthesis‐dependent strand annealing’. In some cases, DSBs were repaired by a combination of both methods. We present a model for the evolution of intergenic sequences in which repair of DSBs upon DNA transposon excision is a major factor in the rapid turnover and erosion of intergenic sequences.
Trends in health worker performance after implementing the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness strategy in Benin
Authors: Rowe Alexander K. , Osterholt Dawn M. , Kouamé Julien , Piercefield Emily , Herman Karen M. , Onikpo Faustin , Lama Marcel , Deming Michael S. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjective  Training health workers to use Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) guidelines can improve care for ill children in outpatient settings in developing countries. However, even after IMCI training, important performance gaps exist. One potential reason is that the effect of training can rapidly wane. Our aim was to determine if the performance of IMCI‐trained health workers deteriorated over 3 years.Methods  We studied two departments in Benin. First, we performed a record review of 32 IMCI‐trained health workers during the first year of IMCI implementation (2001–2002). Second, we analysed data from cross‐sectional health facility surveys from 2001 to 2004 that represented the entire study area. Primary outcomes were the proportion of children under 5 years old with potentially life‐threatening illnesses who received either recommended or adequate treatment, and among all children, an index of overall guideline adherence. Secondary outcomes reflected the treatment of individual diseases. Outcomes were calculated monthly, and time trends were evaluated with regression modelling.Results  The record review included 9393 consultations, and the surveys included 411 consultations performed by 105 health workers. For both data sources, performance trends were essentially flat for nearly all outcomes. Absolute levels of performance revealed substantial performance gaps.Conclusions  We found no evidence that performance declined over 3 years after IMCI training. However, important performance gaps found immediately after IMCI training persisted and should be addressed.
Shikimate leaf disc assay for early detection of glyphosate resistance in Conyza canadensis and relative transcript levels of EPSPS and ABC transporter genes
Authors: NOL N , TSIKOU D , EID M , LIVIERATOS I C , GIANNOPOLITIS C N 
Published: March 2012

Nol N, Tsikou D, Eid M, Livieratos IC & Giannopolitis CN (2012). Shikimate leaf disc assay for early detection of glyphosate resistance in Conyza canadensis and relative transcript levels of EPSPS and ABC transporter genes. Weed Research52, 233–241.SummaryTwenty‐two biotypes of Conyza canadensis (Canadian fleabane, horseweed) from a conventional orchard in Crete displayed varying degrees of reduced glyphosate susceptibility in standard whole plant assays. A refined shikimate leaf disc assay was developed to precisely determine the resistance levels, permitting early detection of resistance evolution and integrated management of the weed. The 5‐enolpyruvoylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase (EPSPS) homologue genes (1 and 2) were sequenced for three different biotypes (one of reduced susceptibility from Crete, one resistant from mainland Greece and one resistant from the USA), and no amino acid substitution of Pro106 was found. Real‐time qRT‐PCR was used to study the expression profiles for EPSPS and the M10 and M11 ABC transporter genes, following glyphosate application. The expression levels of the EPSPS genes were not significantly altered following glyphosate application in any biotype, but both M10 and M11 were found to be highly upregulated in glyphosate‐treated reduced susceptibility or resistant biotypes and not in a susceptible biotype. These results are in accordance with data recently reported by other researchers, supporting a role of the M10 and M11 ABC transporter genes in glyphosate resistance in Conyza canadensis, because of reduced translocation.
Budd–Chiari syndrome in children and outcome after liver transplant
Authors: Gomes Ana Cristina , Rubino Gina , Pinto Carla , Cipriano Augusta , Furtado Emanuel , Gonçalves Isabel 
Published: March 2012

Gomes AC, Rubino G, Pinto C, Cipriano A, Furtado E, Gonçalves I. Budd–Chiari syndrome in children and outcome after liver transplant.Abstract:  BCS is a rare form of portal hypertension in children. The authors describe two cases of BCS with differing presentations. Case 1: Previously healthy four‐yr‐old girl. BCS was diagnosed during the course of an episode of acute gastroenteritis with dehydration. Despite conservative therapy for two months, the condition was progressive resulting in liver failure leading ultimately to LT. Molecular studies showed that she was heterozygous for the Factor (F) V Leiden. At follow‐up, six yr post‐LT (two yr without anticoagulation therapy), no thromboembolic/bleeding events were apparent. Case 2: Three‐yr‐old boy with IgA deficiency and liver disease. Following a febrile episode, he developed fulminant liver failure requiring urgent LT from a living donor (father). Molecular studies disclosed MTHFR C677T homozygosity and FV Leiden heterozygosity. The father was homozygous for the MTHFR mutation. Three months post‐LT, persistent graft dysfunction was associated with stenosis of the IVC, which improved upon stent placement. He received dipyridamole and aspirin for five yr, after which time dipyridamole was discontinued. Evidence is sparse on the follow‐up of BCS cases with liver transplant. The authors discuss their findings, particularly the need for long‐term anticoagulation.
Sticky plant captures prey for symbiotic bug: is this digestive mutualism?
Authors: Anderson B. , Kawakita A. , Tayasu I. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMany plants capture and kill insects but, until relatively recently, only carnivorous plants with digestive enzymes were known to gain directly from the nutrients of those insects. Recent studies show that some carnivorous plants lack digestive enzymes and have evolved digestive mutualisms with symbiotic insects that digest their prey for them.Rhododendron macrosepalum, a plant with sticky leaves that captures insects, has an association with symbiotic Mirid bugs that consume the insects captured. Here, we determine what the nature of the relationship is between Mirid and plant. We find thatR. macrosepalumhas no digestive enzymes of its own but that it does not seem to have the ability to absorb hemipteran faeces through its leaf cuticle. Naturally occurring levels of15N and14N were used to determine thatR. macrosepalumgains no nitrogen through its association with the Mirid bugs and that it obtains all of its nitrogen from the soil. The Mirids, on the other hand, seem to obtain nitrogen from insects captured by the plant, as well as from plant tissues. The relationship between plant and Mirid is not a digestive mutualism but more likely an antagonistic relationship. This study adds to our understanding of how digestive mutualisms evolve and shows that insect capture alone, or in combination with a symbiotic insect relationship does not necessarily make a plant ‘carnivorous’.
Involvement of Phytophthora spp. in chestnut decline in the Black Sea region of Turkey
Authors: Akıllı S. , Serçe Ç. U. , Katı rcıoğlu Y. Z. , Maden S. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryChestnut blight caused by Cryphonectria parasitica is a serious disease of Castanea sativa in the Black Sea region of Turkey. During disease surveys, dieback and decline symptoms were observed on trees without apparent blight and ink disease symptoms. Black necroses, similar to those caused by Phytophthora infections, were noted on some of the chestnut coppices and saplings in one nursery in Ordu and led to an investigation into this disease complex. Only symptomatic plants showing dieback symptoms were investigated. Soil samples together with fine roots were collected from two directions, north and north‐east, approximately 150 cm away from the main stems. Phytophthora spp. were baited with young chestnut leaves. Three Phytophthora spp., P. cambivora, P. cinnamomi and P. plurivora, were identified from 12 soil samples collected from 73 locations, while from the nurseries, only P. cinnamomi was obtained. Phytophthora cinnamomi was the most common species, obtained from seven locations in five provinces and from four nurseries having similar symptoms mentioned above in different locations. Phytophthora cambivora and P. plurivora were less frequently obtained, from three to two stands, respectively. Phytophthora cinnamomi and P. cambivora were the most aggressive species when inoculated at the stem base on 3‐year‐old chestnut saplings, killing six saplings of eight inoculated in 2 months. The three Phytophthora species were first recorded on chestnut in Black sea region of Turkey with the limited samples investigated in a large area about 150 000 ha chestnut forest.
Can the early condition at admission of a high‐risk infant aid in the prediction of mortality and poor neurodevelopmental outcome? A population study in Australia
Authors: Greenwood Sarah , Abdel‐Latif Mohamed E , Bajuk Barbara , Lui Kei ,   the NSW and ACT Neonatal Intensive Care Units Audit Group
Published: March 2012

Aim:  The aim of this article was to evaluate the Revised Clinical Risk Index for Babies' (CRIB‐II) severity of illness score as a predictor of moderate to severe functional disability (FD) in very premature infants.Methods:  Population study of infants born <29 weeks' gestation cared for in all Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory between 1998 and 2003. FD at 2–3 years corrected age was defined as developmental delay (quotient < 2 standard deviation), non‐ambulatory cerebral palsy (needing aids to walk), blindness (acuity <6/60 in better eye) or deafness (hearing aids). Sensitivity and specificity of CRIB‐II scores to predict FD were performed by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.Results:  Of study population of 2210, 480 (21.7%) died before hospital discharge. Among 1328 infants assessed, 217 (16.3%) had FD, 109 (8.2%) developmental delay, 75 (5.6%) cerebral palsy and 54 (4.1%) blindness or deafness. CRIB‐II performed significantly better than gestation or birthweight (BW) alone in predicting mortality (area under the curve (AUC) ± standard error 0.83 ± 0.01, vs. 0.78 ± 0.01 and 0.76 ± 0.01, respectively). CRIB‐II scores were significantly higher in FD than non‐FD children (11.9 ± 2.9 vs. 10.1 ± 2.6), but the AUC for CRIB‐II (0.68 ± 0.02) did not significantly differ from that of gestation (0.65 ± 0.02) and BW (0.65 ± 0.02).Conclusion:  CRIB‐II improved prediction of mortality but did not perform better than gestational age or BW in predicting FD. We would caution clinicians against using the infant's condition at admission to predict long‐term outcome.