bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating cost‐efficiency and accuracy of hunter harvest survey designs
Authors: Lukacs Paul M. , Gude Justin A. , Russell Robin E. , Ackerman Bruce B. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractEffective management of harvested wildlife often requires accurate estimates of the number of animals harvested annually by hunters. A variety of techniques exist to obtain harvest data, such as hunter surveys, check stations, mandatory reporting requirements, and voluntary reporting of harvest. Agencies responsible for managing harvested wildlife such as deer (Odocoileus spp.), elk (Cervus elaphus), and pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) are challenged with balancing the cost of data collection versus the value of the information obtained. We compared precision, bias, and relative cost of several common strategies, including hunter self‐reporting and random sampling, for estimating hunter harvest using a realistic set of simulations. Self‐reporting with a follow‐up survey of hunters who did not report produces the best estimate of harvest in terms of precision and bias, but it is also, by far, the most expensive technique. Self‐reporting with no follow‐up survey risks very large bias in harvest estimates, and the cost increases with increased response rate. Probability‐based sampling provides a substantial cost savings, though accuracy can be affected by nonresponse bias. We recommend stratified random sampling with a calibration estimator used to reweight the sample based on the proportions of hunters responding in each covariate category as the best option for balancing cost and accuracy. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Quand les migrants se choisissent : qualification sociale et sélection des postulants à la migration au Maroc
Authors: El Miri Mustapha 
Published: September 2011

AbstractOur study explores the various forms of social regulation imposed on candidates for emigration in a Moroccan town. This system of judgments, based on a preliminary qualification/disqualification of the candidates at the outset, gives preference to long-term migration by according such emigrants high social prestige in their home country. Thus, to counter the stereotype of a miserable, isolated, and passive migrant, we offer the image of a strategic migrant, who has been “qualified” by local social authorities and who is aligned with a project of collective mobility.
A Moving Target: Democracy
Authors: Markoff John 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAchieving consensus on a definition of “democracy” has proven elusive. Institutions that have been taken to be essential to democracy have changed radically since the word “democrat” began to be widely used toward the end of the eighteenth century. Democratic ideas and democratic practice engender conflict that transforms institutions rather than just reproduces them. Its transformative character rests on a half-dozen key attributes of democracy: it is an actor’s concept, as well as an analyst’s; it can arouse strong feelings; it combines not always compatible ideas; it empowers dissent; it involves a dynamic mixture of inclusion and exclusion; and the democratic histories of national states have been intertwined with global domination. Two processes combine to generate much social dynamism. First, democracy’s stirring inclusionary claims have been contradicted by a complex structure of exclusions, including distinctions in rights of full participation among citizens, distinctions in rights between citizens and non-citizens, and distinctions in resources among legally equal citizens. And second, democratic practice has been fertile soil for the development of social movements. Taken together, democracy is an invitation for movements to try to shift the boundaries of inclusion and exclusion, and in so doing to expand or constrict democracy itself.
Treatment with oligonol, a low-molecular polyphenol derived from lychee fruit, attenuates diabetes-induced hepatic damage through regulation of oxidative stress and lipid metabolism
Authors: Noh Jeong Sook , Park Chan Hum , Yokozawa Takako 
Published: September 2011

We have identified the effects of oligonol, a low-molecular polyphenol derived from lychee fruit, on oxidative stress and lipid metabolism in a type 2 diabetic model. Oligonol was orally administered at 10 or 20 mg per kg body weight per d for 8 weeks todb/dbmice, and its effects were compared with those of the vehicle indb/dbandm/mmice. Serum and hepatic biochemical factors, and protein and mRNA expression related to lipid metabolism were measured. In the oligonol-administered group, there were significant reductions of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and the TAG and total cholesterol concentrations in both the serum and liver. Additionally, oligonol attenuated oxidative stress through the inhibition of advanced glycation endproduct formation and its receptor expression. Furthermore, augmented expressions of NF-κBp65 and inducible NO synthase were down-regulated to the levels ofm/mmice in the group treated with oligonol at 20 mg/kg. Regarding lipid metabolism, lower hepatic lipid resulted from the down-regulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 and its target gene of lipogenic enzymes in the liver ofdb/dbmice. The present results suggest that oligonol has protective effects against ROS-related inflammation and excess lipid deposition in the type 2 diabetic liver.
ASSESSING THE UTILIZATION OF MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH CARE AMONG MARRIED ADOLESCENT WOMEN: EVIDENCE FROM INDIA
Authors: SINGH LUCKY , RAI RAJESH KUMAR , SINGH PRASHANT KUMAR 
Published: September 2011

SummaryThis study explores the prevalence and factors associated with the utilization of maternal and child health care services among married adolescent women in India using the third round of the National Family Health Survey (2005–06). The findings suggest that the utilization of maternal and child health care services among adolescent women is far from satisfactory in India. A little over 10% of adolescent women utilized antenatal care, about 50% utilized safe delivery services and about 41% of the children of adolescent women received full immunization. Large differences by urban–rural residence, educational attainment, religion, economic status and region were evident. Both gross effect and fixed effect binary logit models yielded statistically significant socioeconomic and demographic factors. Women's education, wealth quintile and region are the most important determinants for the utilization of maternal and child health care services. Health care programmes should focus more on educating adolescents, providing financial support, creating awareness and counselling households with married adolescent women. Moreover, there should be substantial financial assistance for the provision of delivery and child care for married women below the age of 19 years.
Re-tuning the past, selling the future: Tata-AIG and theTree of Love
Authors: Beaster-Jones Jayson 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis article explores the mobilisation of Indian popular music in the Tata-AIG life insurance company television advertisement ‘Tree of Love’ (2004). I address ways in which music representing different periods of Hindi film, along with visual representations of Indian material culture, have been integrated into an advertising narrative that alludes to India's technological and economic development. I suggest that a range of aural and visual signs subtly complement each other in creating a narrative that not only marks the passage of time, but reframes past social and economic debates into contemporary terms. I contextualise this advertisement – and the signs that it uses – within the field of the Indian insurance industry, as well as within the social-historical context of modern India. Then, utilising elements of Peircean semiotic theory, I closely analyse the aural representations of the passage of time and different eras of Indian musical culture. The analysis ties together the interactions of musical and non-musical signs with the cultural memories that the commercial is designed to evoke. Ultimately, I argue that musical meaning in this advertising context emerges from the complex interaction of these aural and visual signs, and produces memory as much as it reflects it.
On the interaction of alliteration with rhythm and metre in popular music
Authors: Salley Keith 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA number of scholars have written on characteristics of vocal melody in popular music, but little attention has been paid at the level of phonetic detail. This study argues that the phonetic structure of a melody can contribute in important ways to a song's reception and success, given the ways that listeners react and respond to vocalised melody. This article discusses different ways in which stressed syllables in familiar pop songs alliterate, and it investigates the way these patterns interact rhythmically with metre.
The constraints of colour: popular music listening and the interrogation of ‘race’ in post-apartheid South Africa
Authors: Robertson Mary 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn post-apartheid popular culture, there is a tension between the persistence of ‘race’ as a structural category of difference, and its transformation in the lives of young South Africans. In this paper, through the examination of case-studies, I explore how popular music may allow for the mediation of this tension. Drawing on Heidegger's notion of an ‘equipmental whole’ to conceptualise ‘race’, I discuss the specific ways in which individuals may come to an awareness of the potential fluidity of racial identities, and the role of music-listening practices in this process. I argue that reflecting on articulations between music and racial categories allowed listeners to critique understandings of ‘race’ underpinning post-apartheid political discourse. Such a critique enabled listeners either instrumentally to affirm a reconfigured understanding of a racial identity, or to reject ‘race’ as a meaningful category of difference altogether.
Rogers' Chocolates Ltd. and the Corporation of the City of Victoria: A Case Comment on Involuntary Designation and the Conservation of Heritage Buildings
Authors: Piggott Gillian S. J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe process adopted by the local government to protect the interior of an old building in Victoria, British Columbia, culminated in a significant compensation award in favor of the building's owner and highlights the shortcomings of a coercive regulatory approach to heritage conservation. This study focuses on the relationship between cooperative resolution of conflicts between the rights of the public to protect heritage buildings and the rights of private property owners to the use of their property without interference, on the one hand, and the long-term utility and conservation of historic buildings and the sustainability of local government heritage programs, on the other. Analysis includes discussion on (a) key issues arising out of an involuntary heritage designation, (b) flexible alternative conservation mechanisms and incentives available to local governments, (c) approaches to conservation of heritage buildings in other jurisdictions, and (d) opportunities for improvement in the local government heritage conservation program.
Heart rate variability in children with acute rheumatic fever
Authors: Karacan Mehmet , Ceviz Naci , Olgun Haşim 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectiveAcute rheumatic fever is a systemic inflammatory disease occurring after acute streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis. The PR prolongation in these patients is thought to be due to increased vagal activity. There has been no previous study investigating the autonomic balance in patients with acute rheumatic fever. In this study, we aimed to investigate the balance of the autonomic nervous system in children with acute rheumatic fever by analysis of heart rate variability.MethodsWe evaluated the heart rate variability parameters in 50 patients with acute rheumatic fever and 37 comparable control subjects. Both groups underwent 24-hour electrocardiography monitoring, and time- and frequency-domain heart rate variability parameters were calculated. A total of 39 patients (78%), with (n = 28) or without (n = 11) other major findings, had carditis, and the remaining 11 (22%) did not. The PR interval was found to be prolonged in 10 (20%) of the patients at the beginning.ResultsIn the study group, the time- and frequency-domain heart rate variability parameters showed a sympathetic dominance compared with the control group, with a p-value less than 0.05. When compared with the control group, the time- and frequency-domain heart rate variability parameters showed a significant sympathetic dominance in patients with both prolonged PR and normal PR intervals in the acute period, with a p-value less than 0.05. When compared with patients with normal PR interval, mean normalised low frequency and normalised high frequency parameters suggested a relatively lower sympathetic dominance in patients with prolonged PR interval, with a p-value less than 0.05.ConclusionOur results indicated that in the acute period of rheumatic fever, sympathetic dominance is apparent; in patients with prolonged PR interval, sympathetic dominance is relatively lower when compared with the patients with normal PR interval.
H-CONTACT UNIT TANGENT SPHERE BUNDLES OF FOUR-DIMENSIONAL RIEMANNIAN MANIFOLDS
Authors: CHUN SUN HYANG , PARK JEONGHYEONG , SEKIGAWA KOUEI 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe study the geometric properties of a base manifold whose unit tangent sphere bundle, equipped with the standard contact metric structure, is H-contact. We prove that a necessary and sufficient condition for the unit tangent sphere bundle of a four-dimensional Riemannian manifold to be H-contact is that the base manifold is 2-stein.
Alexandre Bennigsen in the Eyes of the Soviet Press
Authors: Rywkin Michael 
Published: September 2011

Soviet reactions to Western writings on the Soviet Union are as old as the Soviet regime itself. They are handled in an organized manner, with targets, delivery vehicles and gradation of response carefully coordinated and measured.Soviet response is, moreover, not solely connected to the perceived degree of offensiveness of the given Western work; in addition, such considerations as general relations between the USSR and the country from where the publication came, as well as political opportunities of the moment, are given even more importance than the committed “offense.”
Access to Advanced Education in the USSR
Authors: Ginaite Sara 
Published: September 2011

The goals of social progress, as perceived by Marx and Engels, are the creation of conditions for the achievement of full social equality, and the development of the abilities of all members of society. They uphold the principle that when the means of production are socialized, then the condition of ending not only class contradiction but also class distinction is created. The full realization of equality is possible only given a complex set of conditions arising at the higher stage of communist society.In 1921 Lenin admitted thet it had become apparent that the system formed in Russia after the revolution (October 1917) had suffered defeat in its attempt to introduce communist principles of production and distribution. Within this complex environment, Lenin put forward a new concept of socialism, very different from his earlier version, that allowed class distinctions and inequality to persist.
Jew and Peasant in Interwar Romania*
Authors: Fischer-Galati Stephen 
Published: September 2011

Common historical wisdom has it that the Peasant Revolt of 1907 and the elections of December 1937 reflected the profound anti-Semitism of the Romanian peasantry. And since the events of 1907 and 1937 have also been looked upon as decisive in determining the course of the history of the peasantry, if not of Romania as such, it seems only proper to assess the accuracy of these contentions.The revolt of 1907 was indeed a social movement directed against the exploitation of the impoverished Moldavian and Wallachian peasantry by Romanian landlords and Jewish “arendaşi” (Leaseholders). After 1907, and throughout the interwar years, Romanian historiography and political propaganda stressed the anti-Semitic character of the uprising in an effort to exonerate the absentee, and other, Romanian landowners and to emphasize the exploitative nature of Jews and Jewish capitalism. The Jewish question was organically connected with the peasant question in a variety of ways, all condemnatory of Jewish and Judaizing capitalism.As none of the major political parties of pro-World War I Romania—or, for that matter, few of interwar Romania as well—paid more than lip service to the economic and social plight of the peasants, it was convenient to regard the Jew as the root cause of all the evils affecting the peasantry. Before World War I, populists and, paradoxically, socialists enunciated political theories regarding “neoserfdom,” which, however different in origin, converged in demands for radical land reform. The reform came not because of such demands but because of the Bolshevik Revolution and the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian and Russian empires. Officially, it was unrelated to any political ideology, certainly separated from the Jewish question which, in theory, was resolved concurrently with the peasant question through the granting of citizenship and extension of political rights to the Jews of Romania. Following the countrywide agrarian reform in Greater Romania the peasant and the Jewish questions were in fact severed as Jews and Jewish capitalism had virtually no connections with the land.
Towards a New Soviet Party Program on the Nationalities?
Authors: Birch Julian 
Published: September 2011

It has often been declared that the CPSU cannot cope with the problems of its national minorities because it cannot understand, or rather is not willing to understand, the very nature of the beast. There is much to be said for this proposition, mirrored as it is in the agricultural sphere where Professor Peter Wiles has long insisted that to put a Marxist in a field is to pave the way for famine in no time. The Party in power, from Lenin onwards, has constantly sought to analyze the complex ethnic structure of Russia and the USSR with a view to “solving” it as a problem once and for all. Quite apart from the question of whether there is in fact “a” solution (or even solutions) to such a complex melange of problems, much of what has resulted has been more concerned with the idealistic world as it could be, or should be, rather than with an acceptance of the world as it is.
The solutions adopted have variously involved planned economic development and redistribution to achieve a greater measure of equality and levels of development; temporary federation during the process of adjustment; uniform education and socialization programs; population mixing across boundaries; de facto Russification; and a measure of stick to go with the carrots, as and where necessary.
The Baltic States in Soviet-German Relations, 1939
Authors: Resis Albert 
Published: September 2011

By 1920 nationalist forces had won independent statehood for Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. But they owed their victory to a propitious sequence of world-shaking events: first, the German defeat of Russia followed by the Entente defeat of Germany; second, the subsequent assistance the Entente rendered nationalist Estonians, Latvians, and Lithuanians in beating back the Red tide. Peter the Great's “window on Europe” was thereby reduced to a Soviet aperture on Europe. Only the narrow Gulf of Finland, flanked by a “White” Finland and a “White” Estonia, afforded the USSR direct access to the Baltic Sea.
The resurgence of Germany under Hitler and Soviet Russia under Stalin overturned the configuration of world power that had attended the birth of the Baltic Republics. In treating the fate that befell the Baltic States confronted by the resurgence of German and Soviet power in 1939, this article has three aims: first, to give due attention to German policy towards the Baltic States; second, to assess the efficacy and wisdom of the policies pursued by the Baltic States to avoid being ground between the Hitler and the Stalin millstones; and third, to incorporate pertinent new information published in the USSR since 1989. Even under the “Gorbachev Revolution,” publication of newly declassified diplomatic papers in the USSR has been conducted, so far, by dozirovka; i.e., the measuring out of information in small doses. This previously unpublished material, though exiguous, can at least begin to fill certain glaring “blank spots” in the history of the Baltic Question in 1939.
Nonessential Plastid-Encoded Ribosomal Proteins in Tobacco: A Developmental Role for Plastid Translation and Implications for Reductive Genome Evolution
Authors: Fleischmann Tobias T. , Scharff Lars B. , Alkatib Sibah , Hasdorf Sebastian , Schöttler Mark A. , Bock Ralph 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Plastid genomes of higher plants contain a conserved set of ribosomal protein genes. Although plastid translational activity is essential for cell survival in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), individual plastid ribosomal proteins can be nonessential. Candidates for nonessential plastid ribosomal proteins are ribosomal proteins identified as nonessential in bacteria and those whose genes were lost from the highly reduced plastid genomes of nonphotosynthetic plastid-bearing lineages (parasitic plants, apicomplexan protozoa). Here we report the reverse genetic analysis of seven plastid-encoded ribosomal proteins that meet these criteria. We have introduced knockout alleles for the corresponding genes into the tobacco plastid genome. Five of the targeted genes (ribosomal protein of the large subunit22 [rpl22], rpl23, rpl32, ribosomal protein of the small subunit3 [rps3], and rps16) were shown to be essential even under heterotrophic conditions, despite their loss in at least some parasitic plastid-bearing lineages. This suggests that nonphotosynthetic plastids show elevated rates of gene transfer to the nuclear genome. Knockout of two ribosomal protein genes, rps15 and rpl36, yielded homoplasmic transplastomic mutants, thus indicating nonessentiality. Whereas Δrps15 plants showed only a mild phenotype, Δrpl36 plants were severely impaired in photosynthesis and growth and, moreover, displayed greatly altered leaf morphology. This finding provides strong genetic evidence that chloroplast translational activity influences leaf development, presumably via a retrograde signaling pathway.