bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induction of aneuploidy by single‐walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Sargent L.M. , Shvedova A.A. , Hubbs A.F. , Salisbury J.L. , Benkovic S.A. , Kashon M.L. , Lowry D.T. , Murray A.R. , Kisin E.R. , Friend S. , McKinstry K.T. , Battelli L. , Reynolds S.H. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractEngineered carbon nanotubes are newly emerging manufactured particles with potential applications in electronics, computers, aerospace, and medicine. The low density and small size of these biologically persistent particles makes respiratory exposures to workers likely during the production or use of commercial products. The narrow diameter and great length of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) suggest the potential to interact with critical biological structures. To examine the potential of nanotubes to induce genetic damage in normal lung cells, cultured primary and immortalized human airway epithelial cells were exposed to SWCNT or a positive control, vanadium pentoxide. After 24 hr of exposure to either SWCNT or vanadium pentoxide, fragmented centrosomes, multiple mitotic spindle poles, anaphase bridges, and aneuploid chromosome number were observed. Confocal microscopy demonstrated nanotubes within the nucleus that were in association with cellular and mitotic tubulin as well as the chromatin. Our results are the first to report disruption of the mitotic spindle by SWCNT. The nanotube bundles are similar to the size of microtubules that form the mitotic spindle and may be incorporated into the mitotic spindle apparatus. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2009. Published 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hydrophilic Carotenoids: Surface Properties and Aggregation Behavior of the Potassium Salt of the Highly Unsaturated Diacid Norbixin
Authors: Breukers Stefanie , Øpstad Christer L. , Sliwka Hans‐Richard , Partali Vassilia 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe oft‐claimed ‘good’ water solubility of the food color norbixin (3) could not be confirmed. In contrast, the potassium salt 5 of norbixin formed suitable dispersions. The surface and aggregation properties of salt 5 were investigated and compared with other naturally occurring and synthetic hydrophilic carotenoids (Table).
Phenylethyl Glycosides from Digitalis lanata
Authors: Kırmızıbekmez Hasan , Celep Engin , Masullo Milena , Bassarello Carla , Yeşilada Erdem , Piacente Sonia 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThree new phenylethyl glycosides, 3′′′′‐O‐methylmaxoside (=2‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐O‐[β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→6)]‐4‐O‐(E)‐feruloyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside; 1), digilanatosides A (=2‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl O‐6‐O‐(E)‐sinapoyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐4‐O‐(E)‐caffeoyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside; 2), and digilanatoside B (=2‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl O‐6‐O‐(E)‐p‐coumaroyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐4‐O‐(E)‐caffeoyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside; 3) were isolated from the aerial parts of Digitalis lanata, along with two known phenylethyl glycosides, purpureaside A and maxoside, a phenylpropanoid glucose ester, 1‐O‐(E)‐feruloyl‐β‐glucopyranose, a benzoquinolethanoid glucoside, cornoside, a cardenolide, lanatoside C, a furostane‐type steroidal saponin, purpureagitoside, and a disaccharide, sucrose. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence (1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, and HR‐MALDI‐MS).
Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade Oligocyclizations Involving Competing Elementary Steps Such as Thermal [1,5]‐Acyl Shifts
Authors: Tokan Wajdi M. , Schweizer Stefan , Thies Claudia , Meyer Frank. E. , Parsons Philip J. , de Meijere Armin 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPalladium(Pd)‐catalyzed oligocyclizations of 2‐bromotetradec‐1‐ene‐7,13‐diynes with an unsubstituted terminal acetylene moiety like 3 and 5 and 15‐bromohexadec‐15‐ene‐3,9‐diyn‐2‐ones like 4 and 6 afforded fulvene derivatives 20 and 21 (Scheme 7) and bis(cyclohexane)‐annulated methylenecyclopentene systems 16 and 18 (Schemes 5 and 6), respectively. These transformations constitute cascades of cyclizing carbopalladation steps with ensuing [1,5]‐sigmatropic H‐atom and acyl shifts, respectively (Scheme 8). In contrast, analogous substrates with one three‐atom and one four‐atom tether between the unsaturated C,C‐bonds, such as 1 and 2, behave differently in that the Pd‐substituted hexa‐1,3,5‐triene intermediates 12 undergo a 6π‐electrocyclization instead of a 5‐exo‐trig carbopalladation followed by β‐hydride elimination to furnish tricyclic bis‐annulated benzene derivatives 13 and 14 (Scheme 4).
One‐Pot Synthesis of Functionalized (4‐Oxo‐1,3‐thiazinan‐5‐yl)acetic Acids from Isothiocyanates, Primary Alkylamines, and Ithaconic Anhydride
Authors: Yavari Issa , Bayat Mohammad J. , Souri Sanaz , Sirouspour Mehdi 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA one‐pot synthesis of 2‐(4‐oxo‐1,3‐thiazinan‐5‐yl)acetic acids is described via a three‐component reaction between primary alkylamines and ithaconic anhydride and phenyl isothiocyanate or benzoyl isothiocyanate.
Elongation cutoff technique armed with quantum fast multipole method for linear scaling
Authors: Korchowiec Jacek , Lewandowski Jakub , Makowski Marcin , Gu Feng Long , Aoki Yuriko 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA linear‐scaling implementation of the elongation cutoff technique (ELG/C) that speeds up Hartree‐Fock (HF) self‐consistent field calculations is presented. The cutoff method avoids the known bottleneck of the conventional HF scheme, that is, diagonalization, because it operates within the low dimension subspace of the whole atomic orbital space. The efficiency of ELG/C is illustrated for two model systems. The obtained results indicate that the ELG/C is a very efficient sparse matrix algebra scheme. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2009
Bone marrow aspirate and biopsy: a pathologist's perspective. II. interpretation of the bone marrow aspirate and biopsy
Authors: Riley Roger S. , Williams David , Ross Micaela , Zhao Shawn , Chesney Alden , Clark Bradly D. , Ben‐Ezra Jonathan M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBone marrow examination has become increasingly important for the diagnosis and treatment of hematologic and other illnesses. Morphologic evaluation of the bone marrow aspirate and biopsy has recently been supplemented by increasingly sophisticated ancillary assays, including immunocytochemistry, cytogenetic analysis, flow cytometry, and molecular assays. With our rapidly expanding knowledge of the clinical and biologic diversity of leukemia and other hematologic neoplasms, and an increasing variety of therapeutic options, the bone marrow examination has became more critical for therapeutic monitoring and planning optimal therapy. Sensitive moleculartechniques, in vitro drug sensitivity testing, and a number of other special assays are available to provide valuable data to assist these endeavors. Fortunately, improvements in bone marrow aspirate and needle technology has made the procurement of adequate specimens more reliable and efficient, while the use of conscious sedation has improved patient comfort. The procurement of bone marrow specimens was reviewed in the first part of this series. This paper specifically addresses the diagnostic interpretation of bone marrow specimens and the use of ancillary techniques. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 23:259–307, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heterogeneity of non‐cycling and cycling synchronized murine hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells
Authors: Colvin Gerald A. , Berz David , Liu Liansheng , Dooner Mark S. , Dooner Gerri , Pascual Sheila , Chung Samuel , Sui Yunxia , Quesenberry Peter J. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPurified long‐term multilineage repopulating marrow stem cells have been considered to be homogenous, but functionally these cells are heterogeneous. Many investigators urge clonal studies to define stem cells but, if stem cells are truly heterogeneous, clonal studies can only define heterogeneity. We have determined the colony growth and differentiation of individual lineage negative, rhodamine low, Hoechst low (LRH) stem cells at various times in cytokine culture, corresponding to specific cell cycle stages. These highly purified and cycle synchronized (98% in S phase at 40 h of culture) stem cells were exposed to two cytokine cocktails for 0, 18, 32, or 40 h and clonal differentiation assessed 14 days later. Total heterogeneity as to gross colony morphology and differentiation stage was demonstrated. This heterogeneity showed patterns of differentiation at different cycle times. These data hearken to previous suggestions that stem cells might be similar to radioactive isotopes; decay rate of a population of radioisotopes being highly predictable, while the decay of individual nuclei is heterogeneous and unpredictable (Till et al., 1964). Marrow stem cells may be most adequately defined on a population basis; stem cells existing in a continuum of reversible change rather than a hierarchy. J. Cell. Physiol. 222:57–65, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
p38 MAPK activity is stimulated by vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 activation and is essential for shear stress‐induced angiogenesis
Authors: Gee Eric , Milkiewicz Malgorzata , Haas Tara L. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIncreased capillary shear stress induces angiogenesis in skeletal muscle, but the signaling mechanisms underlying this response are not known. We hypothesize that shear stress‐dependent activation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) causes p38 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, which contribute to shear stress‐induced angiogenesis. Skeletal muscle microvascular endothelial cells were sheared (12 dynes/cm2, 0.5–24 h). VEGFR2‐Y1214 phosphorylation increased in response to elevated shear stress and VEGF stimulation. p38 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation increased at 2 h of shear stress but only p38 remained phosphorylated at 6 and 24 h of shear stress. VEGFR2 inhibition abrogated p38, but not ERK1/2 phosphorylation. VEGF production was increased in response to shear stress at 6 h, and this increased production was abolished by p38 inhibition. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were administered prazosin (50 mg/L drinking water, 1, 2, 4, or 7 days) to induce chronically elevated capillary shear stress in skeletal muscle. In some experiments, mini‐osmotic pumps were used to dispense p38 inhibitor SB203580 or its inactive analog SB202474, to the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) of control and prazosin‐treated rats. Immunostaining and Western blotting showed increases in p38 phosphorylation in capillaries from rats treated with prazosin for 2 days but returned to basal levels at 4 and 7 days. p38 inhibition abolished the increase in capillary to muscle fiber ratio seen after 7 days of prazosin treatment. Our data suggest that p38 activation is necessary for shear stress‐dependent angiogenesis. J. Cell. Physiol. 222:120–126, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human embryonic stem cells are pre‐mitotically committed to self‐renewal and acquire a lengthened G1 phase upon lineage programming
Authors: Becker Klaus A. , Stein Janet L. , Lian Jane B. , van Wijnen Andre J. , Stein Gary S. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractSelf‐renewal of human embryonic stem (hES) cells proceeds by a unique abbreviated cell cycle with a shortened G1 phase and distinctions in molecular cell cycle regulatory parameters. In this study, we show that early lineage‐commitment of pluripotent hES cells modifies cell cycle kinetics. Human ES cells acquire a lengthened G1 within 72 h after lineage‐programming is initiated, as reflected by loss of the pluripotency factor Oct4 and alterations in nuclear morphology. In hES cells that maintain the pristine pluripotent state, we find that autocrine mechanisms contribute to sustaining the abbreviated cell cycle. Our data show that naïve and mitotically synchronized pluripotent hES cells are competent to initiate two consecutive S phases in the absence of external growth factors. We conclude that short‐term self‐renewal of pluripotent hES cells occurs autonomously, in part due to secreted factors, and that pluripotency is functionally linked to the abbreviated hES cell cycle. J. Cell. Physiol. 222:103–110, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical and virological survey of patients with hepatitis B surface antigen in an Italian region: Clinical considerations and disease burden
Authors: Torre Francesco , Basso Monica , Giannini Edoardo G. , Feasi Marcello , Boni Silvia , Grasso Alessandro , De Leo Pasqualina , Dodi Ferdinando , Marazzi Maria Grazia , Azzola Emilio , Bartolacci Valentina , Percario Gianfranco , Beltrame Andrea , Borro Paolo , Picciotto Antonino 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in an Italian region, Liguria (1,572,000 inhabitants), by means of a network of 12 referral centers for liver diseases. All patients with HBV surface antigen followed throughout 2006 were included. Personal data, infectious status with risk factors, other non‐infectious risk factors for liver disease, clinical status, and treatment were the questionnaire. Four hundred forty‐five patients (71% male) were evaluated. Their median age was 48 years (range 5–84), and 83.4% were of Italian origin. Community‐acquired infection was the principal mode of HBV transmission (82.5%), followed by previous intravenous drug use (9.4%), perinatal transmission (6.3%), and transfusion‐associated transmission (1.8%). Hepatitis B e‐antigen was present in 20.4% of the patients, while co‐infections with hepatitis D virus and/or hepatitis C virus and/or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were observed in 18.7% of the patients. Chronic active hepatitis was present in 62.5% of the patients, cirrhosis in 13.5%, hepatocellular carcinoma in 2.2%, and 21.8% of the patients were inactive carriers of HBV. In all, 42.5% of the patients were treated with interferon or lamivudine and/or adefovir‐dipivoxil. Forty‐nine patients were co‐infected with HIV (86% on highly active antiviral therapy). Nevertheless, this study identified only 2.2% of the expected patients with HBV. Hence, it has to be reasoned that few potential infectious or treatable patients are referred to liver disease centers. HBV infection is still an underestimated health problem, and few potential infectious or treatable patients are referred to tertiary centers. J. Med. Virol. 81:1882–1886, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of a consensus microarray method for identification of some highly pathogenic viruses
Authors: Xiao‐Ping Kang , Yong‐Qiang Li , Qing‐Ge Sun , Hong Liu , Qing‐Yu Zhu , Yin‐Hui Yang 
Published: September 2009

AbstractSome highly pathogenic viruses, such as Chikungunya virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Yellow fever virus, Dengue virus, Hanta virus, SARS‐CoV, and H5N1 avian influenza virus can cause severe infectious diseases. However, the consensus method for detecting these viruses has not been well established. A rapid and sensitive microarray approach for detection of these viruses and a panel of specific probes covering nine genera and 16 virus species were designed. 70‐mer oligonucleotides were used at the genus level and 50‐mer oligonucleotides were at the species level, respectively. To decrease the interference of the host genome in hybridization, the consensus genus primers were designed and used to reverse transcribe only virus genome. The synthesis of the second strand was carried out with a random primer sequence (5′‐GTTTCCCAGTAGGTCTCNNNNNNNN‐3′). The amplified products were labeled and processed for microarray analyses. This microarray‐based method used the highly conserved consensus primers to synthesize specifically the virus cDNA and could identify effectively Chikungunya virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Yellow fever virus, Dengue virus, Tick borne encephalitis virus, and H5N1 avian influenza virus. Using this method, one unknown virus isolated from pig brain in Shanxi Province, China was identified. This method may have an important potential application for the diagnosis of virus infection. J. Med. Virol. 81:1945–1950, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular characterization of the env gene of two CCR5/CXCR4‐independent human immunodeficiency 2 primary isolates
Authors: Santos‐Costa Quirina , Parreira Ricardo , Moniz‐Pereira José , Azevedo‐Pereira José Miguel 
Published: September 2009

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus 2 (HIV‐2) infection is characterized by a slower disease progression and lower transmission rates. The molecular features that could be assigned as directly involved in this in vivo phenotype remain essentially unknown, and the importance of HIV‐2 as a model to understand pathogenicity of HIV infection has been frequently underestimated. The early events of the HIV replication cycle involve the interaction between viral envelope glycoproteins and cellular receptors: the CD4 molecule and a chemokine receptor, usually CCR5 or CXCR4. Despite the importance of these two chemokine receptors in human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV‐1) entry into cells, we have previously shown that in some HIV‐2 asymptomatic individuals, a viral population exists that is unable to use both CCR5 and CXCR4. The goal of the present study was to investigate whether possible regions in the env gene of these viruses might account for this phenotype. From the molecular characterization of these env genes we could not detect any correlation between V3 loop sequence and viral phenotype. In contrast, it reveals the existence of remarkable differences in the V1/V2 and C5 regions of the surface glycoprotein, including the loss of a putative glycosilation site. Moreover, in the transmembrane glycoprotein some unique sequence signatures could be detected in the central ectodomain and second heptad repeat (HR2). Some of the mutations affect well‐conserved residues, and may affect the conformation and/or the dynamics of envelope glycoproteins complex, including the SU–TM association and the modulation of viral entry function. J. Med. Virol. 81:1869–1881, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigation of the occurrence of torque tenovirus in malignant and potentially malignant disorders associated with human papillomavirus
Authors: Fehér Enikő , Gáll Tamás , Murvai Melinda , Kis Andrea , Boda Róbert , Sápy Tamás , Tar Ildikó , Gergely Lajos , Szarka Krisztina 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn a previous pilot study, a significantly poorer outcome of laryngeal cancer was found in patients co‐infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) and genogroup 1 torque tenovirus (TTV). The present study aimed to collect data on the overall prevalence of TTVs on the prevalence of genogroup 1 TTV in two other malignancies associated with HPV, oral squamous cell cancer and cervical cancer, and in oral and cervical premalignant lesions (oral lichen planus, oral leukoplakia, cervical atypia). Oral samples from all patients were accompanied with a sample from the healthy mucosa. The overall prevalence of TTV was significantly higher both in oral squamous cell cancer and cervical cancer compared with other patient groups or with the respective controls. The prevalence of genogroup 1 TTV was significantly higher in lesions of oral squamous cell cancer and oral lichen planus, but not in lesions of oral leukoplakia (24.6%, 10.1%, and 4.5%, respectively), compared with the prevalence in the oral cavity of controls (1.4%). Co‐infection rates with genogroup 1 TTV and HPV were significantly higher in oral squamous cell cancer than in controls, oral lichen planus or oral leukoplakia patients (12.3%, 0.0%, 6.7%, and 4.5%, respectively). The prevalence of genogroup 1 TTV in all cervical samples were comparable. These data suggest that genogroup 1 TTV may be associated specifically with some head and neck mucosal disorders, but disproves a (co)carcinogenic role in oral cancer or cervical cancer as well as an association with HPV or with malignancies associated with HPV. J. Med. Virol. 81:1975–1981, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Subcellular distribution of low‐voltage activated T‐type Ca2+ channel subunits (Cav3.1 and Cav3.3) in reticular thalamic neurons of the cat
Authors: Kovács Krisztina , Sík Attila , Ricketts Christopher , Timofeev Igor 
Published: September 2009

AbstractLow‐voltage‐activated (LVA) Ca2+ channels play a critical role in the generation of burst firing in the thalamus. Recently, three LVA Ca2+ channel isoforms (Cav3.1, Cav3.2, Cav3.3) have been identified in the reticular thalamic nucleus (RE). Previous electrophysiological and modelling studies have suggested that kinetically different T‐type channels might be expressed in a compartmentalized manner in RE cells. However, their precise subcellular distribution has not been fully elucidated. Using light and electron microscopic (EM) immunocytochemistry, we investigated the subcellular expression pattern of Cav3.1 and Cav3.3 channel subunits in RE neurons of the cat. Fluorescent and peroxidase labelling demonstrated the presence of Cav3.1 channel predominantly on the somata and proximal dendrites and Cav3.3 channels on cell bodies. Quantitative immunogold localization disclosed that Cav3.1 and Cav3.3 isoforms showed 5.8‐ and 8.7‐fold higher density, respectively, in the cytoplasm compared with somatic plasma membrane. Density of Cav3.1 isoform in the somatic plasma membrane was 2.21‐fold higher compared with Cav3.3 subunit. In the dendritic plasma membrane, Cav3.1 channel isoform was expressed throughout the entire dendritic tree. In contrast, Cav3.3 isoform was absent from large‐caliber, presumably proximal dendritic segments. Quantitative comparison showed that the relative density of immunogold particles compared with dendritic surface was 8.9‐ and 14.8‐fold higher for Cav3.1 and Cav3.3, respectively, in small‐diameter dendrites than in large proximal dendritic segments or somata. Our results demonstrate a higher density of low‐threshold Ca2+ channels in distal dendrites and provide further evidence of the role of RE neuron dendrites in the generation of prolonged, low‐threshold spike bursts. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Achyranthes bidentata polypeptides confer neuroprotection through inhibition of reactive oxygen species production, Bax expression, and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by overstimulation of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors
Authors: Shen Hongmei , Yuan Ying , Ding Fei , Hu Nan , Liu Jie , Gu Xiaosong 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAchyranthes bidentata polypeptides (ABPP), the important constituents separated from the aqueous extract of Achyranthes bidentata, have been shown to attenuate N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA)‐induced cell apoptosis in cultured hippocampal neurons through differential modulation of NR2A‐ and NR2B‐containing NMDA receptors. The present study sought to investigate the possible mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effect of ABPP on NMDA‐induced cell death. Western blot analysis and colorimetric enzymatic assay demonstrated that ABPP pretreatment inhibited NMDA‐induced increase of Bax protein expression or caspase‐3 activity in cultured hippocampal neurons. Fluorescence measurements after staining with 2,7‐dichlorofluorescin diacetate and rhodamine 123 showed that ABPP treatment also reversed NMDA‐induced intracellular radical oxygen species (ROS) elevation and mitochondrial membrane potential depression in cultured hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, the in vivo effects of ABPP on cerebral neuronal damage during focal ischemia‐reperfusion were also investigated. In rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model, ABPP attenuated the increase in the neurological deficit and cerebral infarction induced by focal ischemia‐reperfusion, showing in vivo neuroprotective effects. The results collectively suggest that ABPP might exert neuroprotective actions through inhibiting Bax protein expression, caspase‐3 activity, ROS production, and mitochondrial dysfunction that are all caused by overstimulation of NMDA receptors. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.