bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive and affective sequelae of primary hyperparathyroidism and early response to parathyroidectomy
Authors: BENGE JARED F. , PERRIER NANCY D. , MASSMAN PAUL J. , MEYERS CHRISTINA A. , KAYL ANNE E. , WEFEL JEFFREY S. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractCognitive and affective complaints are common in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), but few studies have used psychometric testing to document these symptoms and their response to parathyroidectomy. The current study sought to clarify the nature of cognitive and affective impairments in PHPT and changes postparathyroidectomy. One hundred eleven patients with PHPT underwent neuropsychological evaluation prior to parathyroidectomy with 68 returning for an early postsurgical evaluation. Changes in cognition were assessed using practice effect corrected reliable change indices. Biochemical and anesthesia variables were compared between groups who improved and declined. In a subset of patients, assessment revealed a significant pattern of cognitive slowing, reductions in psychomotor speed, memory impairment, and depression prior to parathyroidectomy. Postsurgical evaluations revealed a trend for improvements on timed tests and depression but a decline in memory. Older patients responded less well to surgical intervention, as did patients who experienced more dramatic changes in biochemical status following surgery. Cognitive changes early postparathyroidectomy are characterized by improved information processing speed and decline in verbal memory, with younger patients more likely to recover during this acute phase. The need for longer-term follow-up studies and increasing utilization of neuropsychological assessments in this population are discussed. (JINS, 2009, 15, 1002–1011.)
Alternative Religion – A New Political Cleavage?: An Analysis of Norwegian Survey Data on New Forms of Spirituality
Authors: Botvar Pål Ketil 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe article addresses the relationship between religion and politics, and combines theories on religious change with theories on political cleavages. Empirical evidence is presented from a Norwegian survey of new forms of religiosity and political attitudes. Woodhead and Heelas (2004) have posited the hypothesis that a silent revolution is taking place where (traditional) religion is giving way to what they call “spirituality of life.” This article questioned the assumption that the individualistic and consumer-oriented New Age movement of the 1980s and 1990s has developed into a new religious movement that is concerned with life quality and social questions. According to the literature on political cleavages, certain demands have to be fulfilled before a social divide or a conflict develops into a full political cleavage. With respect to alternative religion, the empirical analysis reveals that the main obstacle is related to the lack of a collective ideological platform.
Determining Priorities for Future Mars Polar Research: Third International Workshop on Mars Polar Energy Balance and the CO2 Cycle; Seattle, Washington, 21–24 July 2009
Authors: Titus Timothy N. , Michaels Timothy I. 
Published: October 2009

Since 1997, five spacecraft have observed Mars's polar processes, resulting in an unprecedented amount of data with ranges of spatial and spectral resolutions not available from prior missions in the 1960s and 1970s. The vast amount of new data and the complex nature of Mars's polar processes led Mars polar scientists from around the world to gather in a small group environment to discuss the data, models, and emerging theories.The expertise of the 36 attendees of the Third International Workshop on Mars Polar Energy Balance and the CO2 Cycle included remote sensing, laboratory experimentation, and climate modeling. Nearly all spacecraft instruments that have been or are currently being used to monitor Mars's carbon dioxide (CO2) cycle were represented.
The demonstration of the invariant lipid-free composition and the mechanism varying energy and the main components of some mammal meats consisting of muscle and adipose tissue
Authors: Inoue Mitsugu , Tsugita Kazuyo 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Background:
The assumption of an invariant fat-free or lipid-free composition is prerequisite for most methods of the estimation of body composition in mammals including human but has not been theoretically demonstrated.

Objective:
To demonstrate theoretically and practically the invariant lipid-free composition and to understand the mechanism varying the main components of muscle and adipose tissue which have intimate relationships to lipid accumulation or obesity in mammals. Design: Whether the combinations of correlations among energy and main components in the hypothetical lipid-ratio variation model (L-varied model), which reflects the invariant lipid-free composition, are consistent with those in the practical mammal meats? Do lipid-ratio variation (L-varied) equations based on L-varied model agree closely with the corresponding regression equations of energy and main components on lipid content in their meats? We designed to solve these questions and compare those results. Results: These combinations of their correlations between the theoretical model and practical meats stated above were consistent with each other. And the L-varied equations were consistent with the regression equations stated above. Conclusion: It is clarified that variation in energy reserves and main components, at least moisture, protein, and ash in them follow L-varied model. Consequently, for the first time we clearly demonstrated here that the assumption of an invariant lipid-free composition is valid in skeletal muscles and peripheral adipose tissues of some mammals.
Molecular identification of aspartate N-acetyltransferase and its mutation in hypoacetylaspartia
Authors: Wiame Elsa , Tyteca Donatienne , Pierrot Nathalie , Collard François , Amyere Mustapha , Noel Gaëtane , Desmedt Jonathan , Nassogne Marie-Cécile , Vikkula Miikka , Octave Jean-Noël , Vincent Marie-Françoise , Courtoy Pierre J. , Boltshauser Eugen , van Schaftingen Emile 
Published: October 2009

The brain-specific compound NAA (N-acetylaspartate) occurs almost exclusively in neurons, where its concentration reaches approx. 20 mM. Its abundance is determined in patients by MRS (magnetic resonance spectroscopy) to assess neuronal density and health. The molecular identity of the NAT (N-acetyltransferase) that catalyses NAA synthesis has remained unknown, because the enzyme is membrane-bound and difficult to purify. Database searches indicated that among putative NATs (i.e. proteins homologous with known NATs, but with uncharacterized catalytic activity) encoded by the human and mouse genomes two were almost exclusively expressed in brain, NAT8L and NAT14. Transfection studies in HEK-293T [human embryonic kidney-293 cells expressing the large T-antigen of SV40 (simian virus 40)] indicated that NAT8L, but not NAT14, catalysed the synthesis of NAA from L-aspartate and acetyl-CoA. The specificity of NAT8L, its Km for aspartate and its sensitivity to detergents are similar to those described for brain Asp-NAT. Confocal microscopy analysis of CHO (Chinese-hamster ovary) cells and neurons expressing recombinant NAT8L indicates that it is associated with the ER (endoplasmic reticulum), but not with mitochondria. A mutation search in the NAT8L gene of the only patient known to be deficient in NAA disclosed the presence of a homozygous 19 bp deletion, resulting in a change in reading frame and the absence of production of a functional protein. We conclude that NAT8L, a neuron-specific protein, is responsible for NAA synthesis and is mutated in primary NAA deficiency (hypoacetylaspartia). The molecular identification of this enzyme will lead to new perspectives in the clarification of the function of this most abundant amino acid derivative in neurons and for the diagnosis of hypoacetylaspartia in other patients.
Issues of Management of Swallowing and Feeding Disorders in the School Setting
Authors: Homer Emily M. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this article is to provide information and suggestions for the logistical management of swallowing and feeding disorders in the schools to school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs).
Method: A school district in Louisiana has been successfully addressing dysphagia using an interdisciplinary team since 1997. The information presented in this article is the result of the experience and knowledge that has been gained.
Conclusion: A school district can successfully address swallowing and feeding disorders by establishing a team procedure that becomes part of their policy manual. The experiences of established teams can help districts in the beginning stages of developing their teams. Information on issues, such as team models, documentation and paperwork, parent/caregiver cooperation, medical collaboration, and diet preparation can assist SLPs in managing dysphagia in his or her schools.
Micronutrients as adjunct therapy of acute illness in children: impact on the episode outcome and policy implications of current findings
Authors: Mahalanabis Dilip , Bhan Maharaj K. 
Published: October 2009

Role of micronutrients namely vitamin A, zinc and folate, as adjunct therapy of illness episodes in children in developing countries have been discussed in the light of health policy. Apart from a selective review, attempts have been made to statistically combine results of several studies to address policy issues. In children, vitamin A supplementation during illness has (a) a profound effect in reducing mortality in measles, (b) possibly a significant effect in reducing persistent diarrhea episodes in children with acute diarrhea, and (c) no benefit in pneumonia.Use of large dose vitamin A is recommended during measles episodes but not in non-measles pneumonia. Its use in acute diarrhea is debatable but recommended in persistent diarrhea and in severe malnutrition as a component of a micronutrient mixture. Large dose vitamin A supplementation should be used with caution in young infants as there are unresolved concerns about its safety particularly, bulging fontanelle observed in infants when co-administered at immunization. In children, zinc supplementation during illness, (a) had a marked effect in reducing prolonged episodes and a modest effect on episode duration in acute diarrhea, (b) resulted in reduced rate of treatment failure and death in persistent diarrhea, (c) had no effect in measles and non-measles pneumonia, and (d) probably had a detrimental effect of increasing death rate when a large dose was used in severely malnourished children. The desirability of routine zinc supplementation therapy of undernourished children with acute diarrhea should be assessed further. Concerning policy, zinc supplementation as a component of a micronutrient mixture is recommended in the rehabilitation of severely malnourished children and in persistent diarrhea. However, recommendation for its routine use in all cases of acute diarrhea in children needs additional studies on effectiveness, cost, operations and safety. In two randomized controlled trials folate has been evaluated in acute and persistent diarrhea and found to have no beneficial effect. Folate is not recommended as adjunct therapy of diarrhea. Role of folate in preventing severe disease and/or death deserves further evaluation.
Quantitative measurement of aging using image texture entropy
Authors: Shamir Lior , Wolkow Catherine A. , Goldberg Ilya G. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Motivation: A key element in understanding the aging of Caenorhabditis elegans is objective quantification of the morphological differences between younger and older animals. Here we propose to use the image texture entropy as an objective measurement that reflects the structural deterioration of the C.elegans muscle tissues during aging.
Results: The texture entropy and directionality of the muscle microscopy images were measured using 50 animals on Days 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 of adulthood. Results show that the entropy of the C.elegans pharynx tissues increases as the animal ages, but a sharper increase was measured between Days 2 and 4, and between Days 8 and 10. These results are in agreement with gene expression findings, and support the contention that the process of C.elegans aging has several distinct stages. This can indicate that C.elegans aging is driven by developmental pathways, rather than stochastic accumulation of damage.
Availability: The image data are freely available on the Internet at http://ome.grc.nia.nih.gov/iicbu2008/celegans, and the Haralick and Tamura texture analysis source code can be downloaded at http://ome.grc.nia.nih.gov/wnd-charm.
Contact: shamirl@mail.nih.gov
CentroidAlign: fast and accurate aligner for structured RNAs by maximizing expected sum-of-pairs score
Authors: Hamada Michiaki , Sato Kengo , Kiryu Hisanori , Mituyama Toutai , Asai Kiyoshi 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Motivation: The importance of accurate and fast predictions of multiple alignments for RNA sequences has increased due to recent findings about functional non-coding RNAs. Recent studies suggest that maximizing the expected accuracy of predictions will be useful for many problems in bioinformatics.
Results: We designed a novel estimator for multiple alignments of structured RNAs, based on maximizing the expected accuracy of predictions. First, we define the maximum expected accuracy (MEA) estimator for pairwise alignment of RNA sequences. This maximizes the expected sum-of-pairs score (SPS) of a predicted alignment under a probability distribution of alignments given by marginalizing the Sankoff model. Then, by approximating the MEA estimator, we obtain an estimator whose time complexity is O(L3+c2dL2) where L is the length of input sequences and both c and d are constants independent of L. The proposed estimator can handle uncertainty of secondary structures and alignments that are obstacles in Bioinformatics because it considers all the secondary structures and all the pairwise alignments as input sequences. Moreover, we integrate the probabilistic consistency transformation (PCT) on alignments into the proposed estimator. Computational experiments using six benchmark datasets indicate that the proposed method achieved a favorable SPS and was the fastest of many state-of-the-art tools for multiple alignments of structured RNAs.
Availability: The software called CentroidAlign, which is an implementation of the algorithm in this article, is freely available on our website: http://www.ncrna.org/software/centroidalign/.
Contact: hamada-michiaki@aist.go.jp
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
First Report of Bacterial Head Rot of Broccoli Caused by Pseudomonas fluorescens in China
Authors: Li B. , Wang G. L. , Wu Z. Y. , Qiu W. , Tang Q. M. , Xie G. L. 
Published: October 2009

During warm and humid periods in the winters from 2005 to 2008, head rot symptoms on broccoli (cv. Sijilv) (Brassica oleracea L. var italica Planch) were observed in commercial fields in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China. In agreement with the report of Cui and Harling (1), water-soaked lesions developed on the buds and then progressed into a brown-black soft rot. Longitudinal sections of the symptomatic inflorescences showed brown discoloration and rotting of the internal tissues. Broccoli production is hampered by the disease, with disease incidence ranging from 65 to 81%. Bacteria were isolated by streaking on nutrient agar (3) and individual colonies formed after 2 to 3 days of incubation at 28°C. Fifteen of thirty isolates induced hypersensitive reactions (HR) on tobacco leaves (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun) within 48 h. All the HR-positive strains were fluorescent on King's medium B and the colonies were smooth, convex, entire, and round. Classical bacteriological tests indicated that the fluorescent strains were gram negative, obligate aerobes, arginine dihydrolase positive, and oxidase positive. Also, the fluorescent strains were positive for the production of levan from sucrose. Five representative strains were further characterized by the Biolog Microbial Identification System, version 4.2 (Biolog Inc., Hayward, CA) and gas chromatography of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) using the Microbial Identification System (MIDI Inc., Newark, DE) with the aerobic bacterial library (TSBA50). The five strains were identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens with Biolog and FAME similarity indexes of 0.61 to 0.68 and 0.52 to 0.58, respectively. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of broccoli strain PFB-01 (GenBank Accession No. GQ352649) was determined according to Li et al. (2). A subsequent GenBank search showed that this sequence had 98% nucleotide identity with the type strain of P. fluorescens (ATCC 17386T, GenBank Accession No. AF094726). Koch's postulates were completed by the inoculation of broccoli heads (cv. Sijilv) with cell suspensions (107 CFU/ml) of the above five strains by spraying on the surface of subcorymbs. Each treatment had five replicates. All strains induced head rot symptoms similar to those observed in natural infections. No symptoms were noted on the control plants inoculated with sterile water. Bacteria were successfully reisolated from symptomatic heads and confirmed by the cellular fatty acid composition. To our knowledge, this is the first report in China that P. fluorescens is the causal pathogen of bacterial head rot of broccoli. References: (1) X. Cui and R. Harling. Phytopathology 96:408, 2006. (2) B. Li et al. J. Phytopathol. 154:711, 2006. (3) N. W. Schaad et al. Laboratory Guide for Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria. 3rd ed. The American Phytopathological Society. St. Paul, MN, 2001.
The linguistic problem of morphology: structure versus homology and the standardization of morphological data
Authors: Vogt Lars , Bartolomaeus Thomas , Giribet Gonzalo 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe present article discusses the need for standardization in morphology in order to increase comparability and communicability of morphological data. We analyse why only morphological descriptions and not character matrices represent morphological data and why morphological terminology must be free of homology assumptions. We discuss why images only support and substantiate data but are not data themselves. By comparing morphological traits and DNA sequence data we reveal fundamental conceptual shortcomings of the former that result from their high average degree of individuality. We argue that the delimitation of morphological units, of datum units, and of evidence units must be distinguished, each of which involves its own specific problems. We conclude that morphology suffers from the linguistic problem of morphology that results from the lack of (i) a commonly accepted standardized morphological terminology, (ii) a commonly accepted standardized and formalized method of description, and (iii) a rationale for the delimitation of morphological traits. Although this is not problematic for standardizing metadata, it hinders standardizing morphological data. We provide the foundation for a solution to the linguistic problem of morphology, which is based on a morphological structure concept. We argue that this structure concept can be represented with knowledge representation languages such as the resource description framework (RDF) and that it can be applied for morphological descriptions. We conclude with a discussion of how online databases can improve morphological data documentation and how a controlled and formalized morphological vocabulary, i.e. a morphological RDF ontology, if it is based on a structure concept, can provide a possible solution to the linguistic problem of morphology. © The Willi Hennig Society 2009.
A common standard for conflict of interest disclosure in addiction journals
Authors: Goozner Merrill , Caplan Arthur , Moreno Jonathan , Kramer Barnett S. , Babor Thomas F. , Husser Wendy C. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a common standard for conflict of interest disclosure. The common standard was drafted by the authors, following consultation with a multi‐disciplinary group of journal editors, publishers, bioethicists and other academics. It is presented here for the benefit of authors, editorial managers, journal editors and peer reviewers to stimulate discussion and to provide guidance to authors in reporting real, apparent and potential conflicts of interest. It is particularly relevant to addiction specialty journals because of the potential conflicts of interest associated with funding from the alcohol, tobacco, pharmaceutical and gambling industries. Following an appropriate period of vetting the common standard within the scientific community, it is recommended that journal editors adopt journal policies and reporting procedures that are consistent across journals.
Alcohol control policies and alcohol consumption by youth: a multi‐national study
Authors: Paschall Mallie J. , Grube Joel W. , Kypri Kypros 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTAims  The study examined relationships between alcohol control policies and adolescent alcohol use in 26 countries.Design  Cross‐sectional analyses of alcohol policy ratings based on the Alcohol Policy Index (API), per capita consumption and national adolescent survey data.Setting  Data are from 26 countries.Participants  Adolescents (aged 15–17 years) who participated in the 2003 European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) or national secondary school surveys in Spain, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the United States.Measurements  Alcohol control policy ratings based on the API; prevalence of alcohol use, heavy drinking and first drink by age 13 based on national secondary school surveys; per capita alcohol consumption for each country in 2003.Analysis  Correlational and linear regression analyses were conducted to examine relationships between alcohol control policy ratings and past 30‐day prevalence of adolescent alcohol use, heavy drinking and having first drink by age 13. Per capita consumption of alcohol was included as a covariate in regression analyses.Findings  More comprehensive API ratings and alcohol availability and advertising control ratings were related inversely to the past 30‐day prevalence of alcohol use and prevalence rates for drinking three to five times and six or more times in the past 30 days. Alcohol advertising control was also related inversely to the prevalence of past 30‐day heavy drinking and having first drink by age 13. Most of the relationships between API, alcohol availability and advertising control and drinking prevalence rates were attenuated and no longer statistically significant when controlling for per capita consumption in regression analyses, suggesting that alcohol use in the general population may confound or mediate observed relationships between alcohol control policies and youth alcohol consumption. Several of the inverse relationships remained statistically significant when controlling for per capita consumption.Conclusions  More comprehensive and stringent alcohol control policies, particularly policies affecting alcohol availability and marketing, are associated with lower prevalence and frequency of adolescent alcohol consumption and age of first alcohol use.