bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RPGR mutations might cause reduced orientation of respiratory cilia
Authors: Bukowy‐Bieryłło Zuzanna , Ziętkiewicz Ewa , Loges Niki Tomas , Wittmer Mariana , Geremek Maciej , Olbrich Heike , Fliegauf Manfred , Voelkel Katarzyna , Rutkiewicz Ewa , Rutland Jonathan , Morgan Lucy , Pogorzelski Andrzej , Martin James , Haan Eric , Berger Wolfgang , Omran Heymut , Witt Michał 
Published: August 2012

AbstractRPGR gene encodes retinitis pigmentosa guanosine triphosphatase regulator protein, mutations of which cause 70% of the X‐linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) cases. Rarely, RPGR mutations can also cause primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a multisystem disorder characterized by recurrent respiratory tract infections, sinusitis, bronchiectasis, and male subfertility. Two patients with PCD_RP and their relatives were analyzed using DNA sequencing, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunofluorescence (IF), photometry, and high‐speed videomicroscopy. The Polish patient carried a previously known c.154G>A substitution (p.Gly52Arg) in exon 2 (known to affect splicing); the mutation was co‐segregating with the XLRP symptoms in his family. The c.824 G>T mutation (p. Gly275Val) in the Australian patient was a de novo mutation. In both patients, TEM and IF did not reveal any changes in the respiratory cilia structure. However, following ciliogenesis in vitro, in contrast to the ciliary beat frequency, the ciliary beat coordination in the spheroids from the Polish proband and his relatives carrying the c.154G>A mutation was reduced. Analysis of the ciliary alignment indicated severely disturbed orientation of cilia. Therefore, we confirm that defects in the RPGR protein may contribute to syndromic PCD. Lack of ultrastructural defects in respiratory cilia of the probands, the reduced ciliary orientation and the decreased coordination of the ciliary bundles observed in the Polish patient suggested that the RPGR protein may play a role in the establishment of the proper respiratory cilia orientation. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:352–363. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Astrophysical evidence for the non‐Hermitian but PT‐symmetric Hamiltonian of conformal gravity
Authors: Mannheim P.D. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn this review we discuss the connection between two seemingly disparate topics, macroscopic gravity on astrophysical scales and Hamiltonians that are not Hermitian but PT symmetric on microscopic ones. In particular we show that the quantum‐mechanical unitarity problem of the fourth‐order derivative conformal gravity theory is resolved by recognizing that the scalar product appropriate to the theory is not the Dirac norm associated with a Hermitian Hamiltonian but is instead the norm associated with a non‐Hermitian but PT‐symmetric Hamiltonian. Moreover, the fourth‐order theory Hamiltonian is not only not Hermitian, it is not even diagonalizable, being of Jordan‐block form. With PT symmetry we establish that conformal gravity is consistent at the quantum‐mechanical level. In consequence, we can apply the theory to data, to find that the theory is capable of naturally accounting for the systematics of the rotation curves of a large and varied sample of 138 spiral galaxies without any need for dark matter. The success of the fits provides evidence for the relevance of non‐diagonalizable but PT‐symmetric Hamiltonians to physics.
Process hazard analysis for phases of operation in the process life cycle
Authors: Baybutt Paul 
Published: August 2012

AbstractProcesses experience various phases of operation during their life cycle. Hazard scenarios may occur during any of these phases, and they may vary by phase. Consequently, it is essential that process hazard analysis (PHA) studies address all phases of operation that a process may experience. Current PHA practices provide an inadequate treatment. This article describes an approach that provides an appropriate treatment for all process phases. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2012
Static electricity: New guidance for storage tank loading rates
Authors: Britton Laurence G. , Walmsley Harold L. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis article describes how the IEC TC31/101 JWG29 committee adapted a new theoretical model for practical use in the forthcoming IEC Technical Specification 60079‐32‐1, “Explosive Atmospheres ‐ Part 32‐1: Electrostatic hazards, Guidance”. The model, by Britton and Smith, addressed flow rate limits for the transfer of single‐phase, static‐accumulating flammable liquids into vertical cylindrical tanks containing no significant sediment or water bottom. Practical adaptation involved a technical evaluation of the model, optimization of variables in the empirical expression relating charging to flow velocity, plus selection of applicability limits in terms of tank size. From the results we present easy‐to‐use expressions for calculating the flow velocity and flow rate limits, plus tables of example solutions. We also show how to apply the flow velocity limits to piping systems that involve a multiplicity of flow velocities in different pipe segments.During the adaptation process, the model was extended to liquids such as simple ethers, whose dielectric constants exceed those of the hydrocarbons previously considered and, by introducing the concept of “effective diameter”, to square and nearly‐square vertical tanks. Mathematical details are provided in an appendix.The information in this article is subject to a broad, comprehensive disclaimer of liability as expressed in Section 8. Tank loading system designs should be based on a recognized Code of Practice with consideration of all relevant requirements and limitations. The purpose of this article is to provide a detailed description of the theoretical considerations behind the new methodology. The article is of general interest since this is the first practical application of a technically‐based “electrostatic” model to the tank loading problem. Of particular interest is how electrostatic theory plus empirical data have been reduced to yield a very simple flow velocity expression. The flow rate solutions and tables are the same as those given in the forthcoming IEC 60079‐32‐1 Technical Specification and are provided to assist other standards‐setting agencies wishing to adopt the same guidance. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2012
Enhanced light‐extraction from a GaN waveguide using micro‐pillar TiO2SiO2 graded‐refractive‐index layers
Authors: Mont Frank W. , Fischer Arthur J. , Noemaun Ahmed N. , Poxson David J. , Cho Jaehee , Schubert E. Fred , Crawford Mary H. , Koleske Daniel D. , Fullmer Kristine W. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA GaN waveguide structure with micro‐pillar arrays is designed and fabricated to measure the extraction of optical modes that would be waveguided in the absence of the pillars. Electroluminescence (EL) measurements of waveguide light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with pillar diameters in the 2–10 µm range revealed increasing light‐extraction efficiency (LEE) enhancement with decreasing pillar diameter. Ray tracing simulations of LED far‐field patterns confirmed experimental trends. A 54% enhancement is demonstrated for GaN waveguides cladded with a triangular lattice of graded‐refractive‐index (GRIN) TiO2SiO2 micro‐pillars of 2 µm diameters compared to GaN waveguides cladded with an unpatterned GRIN TiO2SiO2 layer.
Hubbard‐I approach to the Mott transition
Authors: Grzybowski Przemysław R. , Chhajlany Ravindra W. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe expose the relevance of double occupancy conservation symmetry in application of the Hubbard‐I approach to strongly correlated electron systems. We propose the utility of a composite method, viz. the Hubbard‐I method in conjunction with strong coupling perturbation expansion, for studying systems violating the afore‐mentioned symmetry. We support this novel approach by presenting a first successful Hubbard‐I type calculation for the description of the metal‐insulator paramagnetic Mott transition in a strongly correlated electron system with conserved double occupancies, which is a constrained Hubbard Hamiltonian equivalent to the Hubbard bond charge Hamiltonian at a symmetry point X = t. In particular, we obtain the phase diagram of this system for arbitrary fillings, as well as new, universal critical indices of the Mott transition at half‐filling in 1,2, and 3 dimensions. We also compare the Hubbard‐I band–splitting Mott transition description with results obtained using the standard Gutzwiller Approximation (GA), and show that the two approximate approaches lead to qualitatively different results. In contrast to the GA applied to the system studied here, the Hubbard‐I approach compares favorably with known exact results for the d = 1 dimensional chain.
Hierarchical nano/microstructures on silicon surface with ultra low reflectance for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Tan L. T. , Lim A. H. , Chee Z. Y. , Wong Y. L. , Huang Y. C. , Ong H. W. , Wee Q. X. , Ho J. W. , Steeman Rob , Chua S. J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractSilicon nanowires (SiNWs) arrays prepared by silver‐assisted chemical etching show ultra‐low reflectance over the wide spectral bandwidth from 300 to 1000 nm. In this work, SiNWs arrays were prepared by using solar‐grade multi‐crystalline (mc‐Si‐pn) and single crystalline (sc‐Si‐pn) silicon(100) wafers. Reflectance is significantly decreased over the visible‐light spectral range with increase in the length of nanowires by almost 5 and 3 times for multi‐crystalline and single crystalline Si samples, respectively. However it is noted that there is no further reduction in the reflectance when the length of nanowires is beyond 400 nm for mc‐Si‐pn and 300 nm for sc‐Si‐pn samples. Also, the reflectance data and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images indicate that the density of nanowires network does not play a dominant role in improving the light absorption as compared to the length of nanowires. Since electroless etching can enable simple, wafer‐scale fabrication of SiNWs without the need of doping, SiNWs arrays show great promise for solar cells in addressing its efficiency and cost issue. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of the composition profile in the excitonic emission of thin graded ZnCdSe quantum wells
Authors: Šutara František , Hernández‐Calderón Isaac 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe employed submonolayer pulsed beam epitaxy (SPBE) to grow thin graded Zn1‐xCdx Se quantum wells (QW) in a layer‐by‐layer mode. The Cd content, controlled at the monolayer (ML) scale, was gradually increased towards the center of the QW in order to produce a symmetric composition profile. Three samples, each one containing a 15 ML thick graded Zn1‐xCdx Se QW, were grown. The only difference between the QWs was the composition of the central three MLs. The samples were characterized by means of photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Each one presented a single excitonic peak, and large differences in the excitonic emission energy were observed, even though the QWs composition profiles were quite similar. The excitonic spectra of these samples were also compared with those of a rectangular 16 ML thick Zn1‐xCdx Se QW and a 3 ML CdSe ultra‐thin QW with emissions around the same energy. Two of the graded QWs presented intensities comparables to the rectangular QWs. These results evidence the sensitivity of the QW levels to minor modifications in their potential profile and, furthermore, confirm the capability of SPBE to modulate the Cd content of Zn1‐xCdx Se QWs at the monolayer scale. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photoabsorption spectroscopy of dimethyl sulfoxide at the O1s, C1s, S2s, and S2p Regions: A comparison with acetone
Authors: Leite Thays C. M. , de Barros Ana L. F. , Ferreira Glaucio B. , Guerra Antonio C. O. , Turci Cássia C. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe S2p, S2s, C1s, and O1s Total Ion Yield (TIY) spectra of gaseous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and the C1s and O1s TIY spectra of acetone were measured using tunable synchrotron radiation. To establish a complete and accurate spectral analysis, the assignments for the main experimental bands were carried out using density functional theory (DFT) calculations based on half core hole (HCH) method, as implemented in the StoBe‐deMon program, and ab initio calculations, based on the improved virtual orbital (IVO) method, as implemented in the GSCF3 program, using Hartree‐Fock. The hole state was calculated in Huzinaga basis sets for the IVO method and IGLO‐III basis sets for the HCH method. A nonlocal BE88‐PD86 DFT method was used. The geometric parameters were calculated using the DFT‐B3LYP method with the 6‐311+G** basis sets. The experimental and theoretical results for the ionization potentials and the threshold energies are quite similar. The results reflect some differences for both molecules, likely caused by the presence of the S=O (Cs symmetry) as well as the C=O (C2v symmetry) groups. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Wire Flattening Using a Ball Rolling Mill
Authors: Przondziono Joanna , Szymszal Jan 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIncreasing requirements towards narrow and thin strips necessitates research concerning technology improvements and changes in construction of flattening devices. Wire flattening between the balls is an efficient manufacturing method of thin and narrow strips made of steel non‐ferrous metals and their alloys. The study presents an analysis of the effect of flattening process in a ball rolling mill on widening of X10CrNi 18‐8 steel wire. Performed tests proved that flattened strips feature uniform thickness throughout their width, narrow dimensional tolerance and high surface quality. This innovative method of wire flattening in a ball rolling mill means a step ahead in the development of production technologies of extremely narrow and thin metal strips for many modern applications.
Development of New Testing Procedure for Physical Simulation of the Continuous‐Casting Process for Steels
Authors: Bradaskja Bostjan , Fazarinc Matevz , Kugler Goran 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA new testing procedure was developed to simulate the microstructural changes encountered during the continuous‐casting process of steels. It offers a simultaneous guide to the temperature and mechanical loading with great accuracy. In the present study, two types of experiments were conducted for two different thermo‐mechanical programs: the first type with melting of the specimen before the simulation, and second type with homogenization of the specimen prior to conducting the simulation. The results show that the testing set‐up can be implemented to define the optimum process parameters during continuous casting. Furthermore, the test can also be used to study other microstructural changes in steels or other metals during complex thermo‐mechanical loadings.
The role of ASICs in cerebral ischemia
Authors: Xiong Zhi‐Gang , Xu Tian‐Le 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCerebral ischemia is a leading cause of death and long‐term disabilities worldwide. Excessive intracellular Ca2+ accumulation in neurons has been considered essential for neuronal injury associated with cerebral ischemia. Although the involvement of glutamate receptors in neuronal Ca2+ accumulation and toxicity has been the subject of intensive investigation, inhibitors for these receptors showed little effect in clinical trials. Thus, additional Ca2+ toxicity pathway(s) must be involved. Acidosis is a common feature in cerebral ischemia and was known to cause brain injury. The mechanisms were, however, unclear. The finding that ASIC1a channels are highly enriched in brain neurons, their activation by ischemic acidosis, and their demonstrated Ca2+ permeability suggested a role for these channels in Ca2+ accumulation and neuronal injury associated with cerebral ischemia. Indeed, a number of studies have now provided solid evidence supporting the involvement of ASIC1a channel activation in ischemic brain injury. WIREs Membr Transp Signal 2012, 1:655–662. doi: 10.1002/wmts.57For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.Conflict of interest: Both authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
P2X receptors in the cardiovascular system
Authors: Ralevic Vera 
Published: August 2012

AbstractP2X receptors are ligand‐gated ion channels activated by ATP. They are trimeric receptors formed from P2X subunit proteins (P2X1–7), which can associate as homomers or heteromers. Among the P2X receptors, the P2X1 receptor is most widely distributed in the cardiovascular system, being expressed on the smooth muscle of most blood vessels investigated. It mediates contraction to ATP coreleased with noradrenaline as a sympathetic neurotransmitter. P2X receptors are also expressed in the heart and mediate an increase in myocyte contractility, an effect in which the P2X4 receptor is important. Prejunctional P2X3 and P2X2/3 receptors on cardiac sympathetic neurones may, through positive feedback, amplify sympathetic neurotransmission. More recently, P2X receptors have been discovered on endothelial cells with immunoreactivity for P2X1–7 receptor proteins variously having been shown, and a role identified for the P2X4 receptor as a mediator of endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation during shear stress. Their widespread expression in the heart and vasculature identifies P2X receptors as potential targets for the development of drugs to treat cardiovascular disease. WIREs Membr Transp Signal 2012, 1:663–674. doi: 10.1002/wmts.58For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Comparative Study of three Mononuclear Vanadium‐Aromatic 1, 2‐Diol Complexes: Structure, Characterization and Anti‐Proliferating Effects Against Cancer Cells
Authors: Chi Zixiang , Zhu Linli , Lu Xiaoming , Yu Hongtao , Liu Bing 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThree mononuclear vanadium complexes containing aromatic 1, 2‐diols (catechol and naphthalene‐2, 3‐diol) ligands,[VIVO(cat)2][1, 3‐HPDA]2·CH3OH (1), [VIVO(N‐2, 3‐D)2][1, 3‐H2PDA] (2), and [VVO2(N‐2, 3‐D)(1, 3‐HPDA)]·1, 3‐PDA (3) (cat = catechol, N‐2, 3‐D = naphthalene‐2, 3‐diol, 1, 3‐PDA = 1, 3‐propanediamine) were synthesized and characterized by X‐ray diffraction, IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy, and cyclovoltammetry. X‐ray analysis reveals that the spatial frameworks of complexes 1–3 are all constructed by hydrogen bonds donated by [1, 3‐HnPDA]n+ (n = 1, 2) cation, forming distinct chain structures. Complexes 1 and 2 are both in the non‐chiral form of VO(L)2, but 2 crystallizes in the chiral space group (P6522), due to the symmetry element of spiral axis, whereas complex 3 contains both enantiomers of chiral VO2(L1)(L2) units, but crystallizes in the non‐chiral space group (P$\bar{1}$). The electrochemical behavior of the three complexes is studied in comparison with that of the free ligands. Complex 1 shows a pair of potentials assigned to the redox behavior of vanadium, while complexes 2 and 3 exhibit no such redox potentials. Pharmaceutical screening of complexes 1–3 were carried out against three representative cancer cell lines: A‐549 (lung cancer), Bel‐7402 (liver cancer) and HCT (colonic cancer) by MTT [3‐(4, 5‐dimethylthiazoyl‐2‐yl)‐2, 5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay. The results show that the vanadium‐catechol complex 1 exhibits more obvious anti‐proliferating effects against the three cell‐lines, whereas the two vanadium‐N‐2, 3‐D complexes 2 and 3 basically display no such effects.
Non‐Planar Lithium‐Phthalocyanine in the Double Salt (nBu4N)2[Lipc]PF6
Authors: Huebner Ralph , Kandaiah Sakthivel , Jansen Martin 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe report the synthesis of the diamagnetic double salt bis(tetra(n‐butyl)ammonium) phthalocyanato(2‐)lithate hexafluorophosphate (nBu4N)2[Lipc]PF6 [pc = phthalocyanine, nBu4N+ = tetra(n‐butyl)ammonium] in dme (dme = dimethoxyethane). According to single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction structure analysis [P$\bar{1}$, a = 8.642(2) Å, b = 12.820(3) Å, c = 15.019(3) Å, α = 83.01(3)°, β = 87.87(3)°, γ = 74.45(3)°, Z = 1, R1 = 6.4 %], the phthalocyanine building bloc shows a substantial distortion of the macrocyclic ring from planarity. The deviation from D4h symmetry originates from packing effects induced by the two tetra(n‐butyl)ammonium cations located above and below the macrocycle. DFT structure optimization starting from the experimental non‐planar configuration produces a fully planar complex anion [Lipc]–.
Intraoperative Local Insufflation of Warmed Humidified CO2 Increases Open Wound and Core Temperatures: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Frey Joana M. K. , Janson Martin , Svanfeldt Monika , Svenarud Peter K. , van der Linden Jan A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe open surgical wound is exposed to cold dry ambient air, resulting in substantial heat loss through radiation, evaporation, and convection. At the same time, anesthesia decreases the patient’s core temperature. Despite preventive measures, mild intraoperative hypothermia has been associated with postoperative morbidity. We hypothesized that local insufflation of warmed humidified carbon dioxide (CO2) would maintain wound and core temperature.MethodsEighty patients undergoing open colon surgery were randomized to standard warming measures, or to additional local wound insufflation of warmed (30 °C) humidified (93 % rH) CO2 via a gas diffuser. Surface temperature of the open abdominal wound was measured with a heat‐sensitive infrared camera, and core temperature was measured with an ear thermometer.ResultsMean operative time was 219 ± 104 and 205 ± 85 min in the CO2 group and the control group, respectively (p = 0.550). Clinical variables did not differ significantly between the groups. The median wound area and wound edge temperatures were 1.2 °C (p < 0.001) and 1.0 °C (p = 0.002) higher in the CO2 group, respectively, than in the control group. The mean core temperature after intubation was the same (35.9 °C) in both groups, but at end of surgery core temperature in the two groups differed, with a mean of 36.2 ± 0.5 °C in the CO2 group and a mean of 35.8 ± 0.5 °C in the control group (p = 0.003).ConclusionsInsufflation of warmed, humidified CO2 in an open surgical wound cavity prevents intraoperative decrease in surgical wound temperature as well as core temperature.
Changes in the therapeutic strategy for acute cholecystitis after the Tokyo guidelines were published
Authors: Asai Koji , Watanabe Manabu , Kusachi Shinya , Matsukiyo Hiroshi , Saito Tomoaki , Kodama Hajime , Dotai Kojiro , Hagiwara Osahiko , Enomoto Toshiyuki , Nakamura Yoichi , Okamoto Yasushi , Saida Yoshihisa , Nagao Jiro 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundThis study examined the feasibility of early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ELC) for acute cholecystitis (AC) according to the Tokyo guidelines severity grade, and analyzed the changes in the therapeutic strategy for AC after the Tokyo guidelines were published.MethodsA total of 225 patients were enrolled in this study. The therapeutic period was divided into two periods: before and after the publication of the Tokyo guidelines (prior to and including 2007, and from 2008, respectively).ResultsComparing the surgical strategy between ELC and delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy (DLC), significant differences were found in the length of preoperative hospital stay and total hospital stay for cases of mild AC compared with moderate AC. With conversion to open surgery, postoperative complications including postoperative bile leak were not significantly different. Since ELC was performed significantly more often after publication of the guidelines, preoperative, postoperative, and total hospital stays were significantly shorter in the later period.ConclusionELC is a safe and effective therapeutic strategy for both mild and moderate AC. The Tokyo guidelines resulted in a significant increase in the performance of ELC and significantly reduced preoperative and total hospital stays without increasing intra‐ and postoperative complications.