bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous Distraction Lengthening in Brachymetacarpia
Authors: Volpi Alexander D. , Fragomen Austin T. 
Published: August 2011

Brachymetacarpia is a condition manifesting a shortened metacarpal that is caused by early closure of the epiphyseal plate and believed to arise idiopathically. The correction for brachymetacarpia is usually for cosmetic reasons as brachymetacarpia does not impair function. The literature indicates several different approaches to lengthening digits, including single-stage lengthening and rapid distraction lengthening with a bone graft. However, gradual distraction is the preferred method due to excellent cosmetic outcomes and few postoperative complications. This article reports a case of brachymetacarpia treated with distraction lengthening using a minimally invasive, percutaneous approach.
A 16-year-old girl presented with a shortened left ring finger and underwent surgery to correct the deformity. The left ring finger measured 12 mm shorter than her right ring finger; however, there was normal mobility at the joints. In the operating room, an external fixator was attached using 4 self-drilling, self-tapping pins through several 3-mm skin incisions. The total fixation time was 14 weeks; however, the achieved length of 12 mm was achieved 6 weeks postoperatively. The healing index of the fixation period was 81 days/cm. The postoperative course and fixation period were uneventful, with no complications except for 2 pin infections that were treated with oral antibiotics. The method of gradual distraction lengthening in this case successfully achieved the desired length and yielded an excellent cosmetic result.
Malignant Granular Cell Tumor of the Thigh
Authors: Hwang John S. , Beebe Kathleen S. , Rojas Javier , Peters Stephen R. 
Published: August 2011

Malignant granular cell tumor is a rare neural tumor characterized by abundant granular-appearing tumor cells. These tumors account for <2% of all granular cell tumors. Unlike its benign counterpart, a malignant granular cell tumor presents primarily in the lower limb and is notably larger. Both the uncommon occurrence of malignant granular cell tumors and its similarities in feature with their benign counterparts make diagnosis of this particular malignancy difficult. By 1998, Fanburg-Smith et al developed a diagnostic criteria in which granular cell tumors were divided into 3 categories—benign, atypical, and malignant—based on 6 histological characteristics of the tumor: necrosis, spindling, vesicular nuclei with large nucleoli, increased mitotic activity, high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio, and pleomorphism.
This article presents a case of a large malignant granular cell tumor in the right thigh of a 69-year-old woman. Gross examination of the mass showed the well-demarcated, tan, white tumor measuring 18.2 cm long and 7.6 cm wide at its largest width. Histological examination of the mass, performed by an oncological pathologist, demonstrated foci of tumor necrosis, scattered apoptotic cells, prominent nucleoli, increased nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio, increased mitotic activity, and areas of spindling with significant atypia.
To our knowledge, this is the largest reported case of malignant granular cell tumor in the lower limb diagnosed using the histological criteria established by Fanburg-Smith et al. This case stresses the importance of thorough evaluation in instances of atypical granular cell tumor presentations.
IL-1 Blockade Attenuates Islet Amyloid Polypeptide-Induced Proinflammatory Cytokine Release and Pancreatic Islet Graft Dysfunction
Authors: Westwell-Roper Clara , Dai Derek L. , Soukhatcheva Galina , Potter Kathryn J. , van Rooijen Nico , Ehses Jan A. , Verchere C. Bruce 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIslets from patients with type 2 diabetes exhibit β cell dysfunction, amyloid deposition, macrophage infiltration, and increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. We sought to determine whether human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP), the main component of islet amyloid, might contribute to islet inflammation by recruiting and activating macrophages. Early aggregates of hIAPP, but not nonamyloidogenic rodent islet amyloid polypeptide, caused release of CCL2 and CXCL1 by islets and induced secretion of TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, CCL2, CCL3, CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL10 by C57BL/6 bone marrow-derived macrophages. hIAPP-induced TNF-α secretion was markedly diminished in MyD88-, but not TLR2- or TLR4-deficient macrophages, and in cells treated with the IL-1R antagonist (IL-1Ra) anakinra. To determine the significance of IL-1 signaling in hIAPP-induced pancreatic islet dysfunction, islets from wild-type or hIAPP-expressing transgenic mice were transplanted into diabetic NOD/SCID recipients implanted with mini-osmotic pumps containing IL-1Ra (50 mg/kg/d) or saline. IL-1Ra significantly improved the impairment in glucose tolerance observed in recipients of transgenic grafts 8 wk following transplantation. Islet grafts expressing hIAPP contained amyloid deposits in close association with F4/80-expressing macrophages. Transgenic grafts contained 50% more macrophages than wild-type grafts, an effect that was inhibited by IL-1Ra. Our results suggest that hIAPP-induced islet chemokine secretion promotes macrophage recruitment and that IL-1R/MyD88, but not TLR2 or TLR4 signaling is required for maximal macrophage responsiveness to prefibrillar hIAPP. These data raise the possibility that islet amyloid-induced inflammation contributes to β cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes and islet transplantation.
Emergence of Fibroblasts with a Proinflammatory Epigenetically Altered Phenotype in Severe Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Li Min , Riddle Suzette R. , Frid Maria G. , El Kasmi Karim C. , McKinsey Timothy A. , Sokol Ronald J. , Strassheim Derek , Meyrick Barbara , Yeager Michael E. , Flockton Amanda R. , McKeon B. Alexandre , Lemon Douglas D. , Horn Todd R. , Anwar Adil , Barajas Carlos , Stenmark Kurt R. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Persistent accumulation of monocytes/macrophages in the pulmonary artery adventitial/perivascular areas of animals and humans with pulmonary hypertension has been documented. The cellular mechanisms contributing to chronic inflammatory responses remain unclear. We hypothesized that perivascular inflammation is perpetuated by activated adventitial fibroblasts, which, through sustained production of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines and adhesion molecules, induce accumulation, retention, and activation of monocytes/macrophages. We further hypothesized that this proinflammatory phenotype is the result of the abnormal activity of histone-modifying enzymes, specifically, class I histone deacetylases (HDACs). Pulmonary adventitial fibroblasts from chronically hypoxic hypertensive calves (termed PH-Fibs) expressed a constitutive and persistent proinflammatory phenotype defined by high expression of IL-1β, IL-6, CCL2(MCP-1), CXCL12(SDF-1), CCL5(RANTES), CCR7, CXCR4, GM-CSF, CD40, CD40L, and VCAM-1. The proinflammatory phenotype of PH-Fibs was associated with epigenetic alterations as demonstrated by increased activity of HDACs and the findings that class I HDAC inhibitors markedly decreased cytokine/chemokine mRNA expression levels in these cells. PH-Fibs induced increased adhesion of THP-1 monocytes and produced soluble factors that induced increased migration of THP-1 and murine bone marrow-derived macrophages as well as activated monocytes/macrophages to express proinflammatory cytokines and profibrogenic mediators (TIMP1 and type I collagen) at the transcriptional level. Class I HDAC inhibitors markedly reduced the ability of PH-Fibs to induce monocyte migration and proinflammatory activation. The emergence of a distinct adventitial fibroblast population with an epigenetically altered proinflammatory phenotype capable of recruiting, retaining, and activating monocytes/macrophages characterizes pulmonary hypertension-associated vascular remodeling and thus could contribute significantly to chronic inflammatory processes in the pulmonary artery wall.
Notch Ligand Delta-Like 4 Blockade Alleviates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Promoting Regulatory T Cell Development
Authors: Bassil Ribal , Zhu Bing , Lahoud Youmna , Riella Leonardo V. , Yagita Hideo , Elyaman Wassim , Khoury Samia J. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Notch signaling pathway plays an important role in T cell differentiation. Delta-like ligand (Dll)4, one of five known Notch ligands, has been implicated in regulating Th2 cell differentiation in animal models of human diseases. However, the role of Dll4 in Th1/Th17-mediated autoimmune diseases remains largely unknown. Using an anti-Dll4 blocking mAb, we show that neutralizing Dll4 during the induction phase of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6 mice significantly increased the pool of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) in the periphery and in the CNS, and decreased the severity of clinical disease and CNS inflammation. Dll4 blockade promoted induction of myelin-specific Th2/Treg immune responses and impaired Th1/Th17 responses compared with IgG-treated mice. In vitro, we show that signaling with recombinant Dll4 inhibits the TGF-β–induced Treg development, and inhibits Janus kinase 3-induced STAT5 phosphorylation, a transcription factor known to play a key role in Foxp3 expression and maintenance. Depletion of natural Treg using anti-CD25 Ab reversed the protective effects of anti-Dll4 Ab. These findings outline a novel role for Dll4–Notch signaling in regulating Treg development in EAE, making it an encouraging target for Treg-mediated immunotherapy in autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis.
Assessment of Mitochondrial Toxicity in HepG2 Cells Cultured in High‐Glucose‐ or Galactose‐Containing Media
Authors: Swiss Rachel , Will Yvonne 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDrug‐induced mitochondrial toxicity has been recognized as contributing to a variety of organ toxicities, such as liver, heart, kidney, and CNS, and has been found to contribute to drug attrition and black box warnings. Here, we describe a cell‐based assay that can detect direct drug‐induced mitochondrial toxicity, providing protocols for screening in 96‐ and 384‐well format. Cultured cells grown in glucose media produce their ATP by glycolysis, largely bypassing the mitochondria, and hence are fairly resistant to drugs that affect mitochondrial function. However, when growing the same cells in media supplemented with galactose as opposed to glucose, they are forced to produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation, which then makes them vulnerable to mitochondrial insult. By measuring viability of cells grown in either glucose‐ or galactose‐supplemented media, direct mitochondrial impairment can be detected. Curr. Protoc. Toxicol. 49:2.20.1‐2.20.14. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Measuring Intracellular hsp70 in Leukocytes by Flow Cytometry
Authors: Agnew Linda L. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractHeat shock or stress proteins are constitutively expressed redox‐sensitive proteins, the synthesis of which is induced in almost all organisms exposed to a range of stressors, including heat shock, oxidative stress, free radicals, UV radiation, and heavy metals. This unit details a method, with supporting protocols, for the measurement of their expression in peripheral blood leukocytes by flow cytometry. Curr. Protoc. Toxicol. 49:2.21.1‐2.21.12. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Multi‐Layered, Covalently Supported Ionic Liquid Phase (mlc‐SILP) as Highly Cross‐Linked Support for Recyclable Palladium Catalysts for the Suzuki Reaction in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Gruttadauria Michelangelo , Liotta Leonarda Francesca , Salvo Anna Maria Pia , Giacalone Francesco , La Parola Valeria , Aprile Carmela , Noto Renato 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe reaction between an excess of 1,4‐bis(3‐vinylimidazolium‐1‐yl) bromide and a mercaptopropyl‐modified amorphous silica gel or ordered mesoporous silica SBA‐15 in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) afforded new materials, which have a high loading of imidazolium moieties. These materials, which contain a highly cross‐linked polymeric network, have been denoted as multi‐layered, covalently supported ionic liquid phase (mlc‐SILP) and have been used as support for palladium catalysts containing a high loading of the metal (10 wt%). Such materials were characterized by several techniques (13C magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance, the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller technique, small‐angle X‐ray scattering, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy). The presence of a homogeneous distribution of palladium nanoparticles was established. The palladium catalysts displayed good activity allowing the synthesis of several biphenyl compounds in high yields working with only 0.1 mol% of palladium loading at mild temperatures (room temperature or 50 °C) in ethanol/water. Reactions carried out on a 10‐mmol scale required only 10 mg of catalysts. Good recyclability was observed.
Survival trends among 1,325 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia seen over the past 40 years in Israel
Authors: Shvidel Lev , Braester Andrei , Bairey Osnat , Rahimi‐Levene Naomi , Klepfish Abraham , Herishanu Yair , Shtalrid Mordechai , Polliack Aaron , Berrebi Alain ,   for the Israeli CLL Study Group
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn the light of recent data showing survival improvement of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), we investigated clinical characteristics and survival patterns of patients with CLL over the last 40 years in Israel. Demographic and clinical data collected in the database of the Israeli CLL Study Group were analyzed. Of the 1,325 patients, 221 were diagnosed during the time period 1968–1989, 456 during 1990–1999, and 639 during 2000–2010. There was shift toward older age (median, 71 vs. 68 vs. 66 years) and a higher proportion of patients at Binet stage A at diagnosis (77.6% vs. 66.7% vs. 60.3%) in the more recent time periods. Median survival for the entire cohort was 10.9 years; 12.2 years for patients diagnosed at Binet stage A, 8.5 years for stage B, and 6.4 years for stage C patients. Older age, high‐beta 2‐microglobulin level, and expression of ZAP‐70 predicted shorter survival. There were no apparent changes over time regarding gender, age or different clinical stages. Young patients with Binet stage A had lower life expectancy than the general population; but, in older ages, the survival rates were comparable. There were increased proportions of CLL patients diagnosed in early stages, and, at older age, during the last decades, however, survival rates according to sex, age, or stage remained stable. CLL continues to be an incurable disease affecting survival even in patients diagnosed at early stages. Survival benefit shown in recent trials using chemoimmunotherapy has still to be proven in wider general practice. Am. J. Hematol. 86:985–992, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Host‐Enhanced π–π Interaction for Water‐Soluble Supramolecular Polymerization
Authors: Liu Yiliu , Liu Kai , Wang Zhiqiang , Zhang Xi 
Published: August 2011

AbstractHost‐enhanced π–π interaction based on anthracene derivatives and cucurbit[8]uril can be used as the driving force for constructing water‐soluble supramolecular polymers. For this purpose, two anthracene moieties were encapsulated into one cucurbit[8]uril cavity, forming a ternary complex. After encapsulation in the host, the distance between the two anthracene moieties was shortened, and the π–π interaction between them was enhanced significantly. To realize supramolecular polymerization, a bifunctional monomer consisting of two anthracene moieties and a short linker in between was carefully designed. Cyclization was avoided in this way. Thus, host‐enhanced π–π interaction can function as a new driving force for supramolecular polymerization.
Five‐year quality of life results of the randomized clinical phase III (RADPLAT) trial, comparing concomitant intra‐arterial versus intravenous chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced head and neck cancer
Authors: Ackerstaff Annemieke H. , Rasch Coen R. N. , Balm Alfons J. M. , de Boer Jan Paul , Wiggenraad Ruud , Rietveld Derek H. F. , Gregor R. Theo , Kröger Robert , Hauptmann Michael , Vincent Andrew , Hilgers Frans J. M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this investigation was to present 5‐years of quality‐of‐life (QOL) results of a multicenter randomized phase III trial, assessing intra‐arterial (IA) versus standard intravenous (IV) chemoradiation for inoperable stage IV head and neck cancer.MethodsEvaluation of 71 patients through European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core Module (EORTC QLQ‐C30) and Head and Neck Module (QLQ‐H&N35), and trial‐specific questionnaires. Treatment consisted of standard radiotherapy with 4 weekly IA or 3 weekly IV cisplatin infusions.ResultsNo significant differences in treatment‐related QOL problems between 1 and 5 years posttreatment were observed, except for “dry mouth” (gradually improving; p = .004). Survivors have lower fatigue levels (p = .04), better voice (p = 0.3), and swallowing (p = .03) than patients who could not complete all subsequent follow‐up questionnaires.ConclusionsMost treatment‐related QOL issues deteriorate during treatment, improve in the first year, and then remain stable, except xerostomia, improving up to the 5‐year assessment point. Survivors show more positive scores for fatigue, voice, and swallowing. QOL issues at 1 year, thus, for most already represent those after 5‐year follow‐up. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Cell biology of paget's disease
Authors: Reddy Sakamuri V. , Menaa Cheikh , Singer Frederick R. , Demulder Anne , Roodman G. David 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Paget's disease is characterized by markedly increased osteoclast formation and bone resorption followed by excessive new bone formation. Osteoclasts in Paget's disease are increased both in number and size, contain paramyxoviral-like nuclear inclusions, and can have up to 100 nuclei per cell. Marrow culture studies have identified several abnormalities in osteoclast formation in Paget's disease. Osteoclast-like multinucleated cells formed more rapidly in marrow cultures from patients with Paget's disease, produced increased levels of inter-leukin-6 (IL-6), and expressed high levels of IL-6 receptors compared to normals. IL-6 levels were also increased in bone marrow and peripheral blood of patients with Paget's disease. In addition, osteoclast precursors from patients with Paget's disease are hyperresponsive to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) and calcitonin. The increased sensitivity of osteoclast precursors to 1,25(OH)2D3 is mediated through the vitamin D receptor (VDR), since 24-hydroxylase activity is also up-regulated at concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3 that are one log less than that needed to induce 24-hydroxylase activity in osteoclast precursors from normals. However, VDR numbers and affinity for 1,25(OH)2D3 do not differ in osteoclast precursors from Paget's patients compared to those from normals. Synergistic interactions between cytokines such as IL-6 and 1,25(OH)2D3 also cannot explain the enhanced sensitivity of osteoclast precursors from patients with Paget's disease to 1,25(OH)2D3. Interestingly, coculture studies of osteoclast precursors and cells from the marrow microenvironment of patients with Paget's disease and normals have demonstrated that the marrow microenvironment is more osteoclastogenic than normal. Thus, studies of the cell biology of osteoclasts in Paget's disease have demonstrated an increased rate of osteoclast formation and abnormalities in both osteoclast precursors and the marrow microenvironment Enhanced IL-6 production by osteoclasts in Paget's disease may further amplify the increased osteoclast formation already ongoing in the pagetic lesion, and may explain the increased bone turnover at uninvolved sites distant from the pagetic lesion.
Patterns of diagnosis of paget's disease in spain
Authors: Rapado A. , Jimenez J. , Morales A. , Carbonell J. , Pino J. Del 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
To evaluate the incidence of diagnosis of Paget's disease of bone in Spain, a retrospective study was performed from 1991–1997 in four Spanish centers to evaluate the number of diagnosed Paget's disease cases. Information about the age, gender, and year of admission and an estimation of the reference population with the number of discharges at the centers were registered for each calendar year. The relative diagnostic risk of Paget's disease was calculated, using 1991 as the reference by Poisson's regression models. The percentage of males among the diagnosed cases varied from 39% in 1992 to 62% in 1993 without significant difference between the different years (p = 031). The great majority of the cases were diagnosed between 50 and 89 years of age, from 89% in 1992 and 94% in 1993. During the first years the main part of the cases corresponded to persons younger than 69 years (57.5% in 1991, 50% in 1992, and 64.7% in 1993), but from 1994 the major percentage was found in individuals over 70 years of age (68.1% in 1994, 53.8% in 1995, 62.3% in 1996, and 58.1% in 1997) (p = 0.045). Once the results were adjusted by the diagnosis center, an increased diagnostic risk of Paget's disease relative to the year of diagnosis was seen. In 1996 the risk was 54% higher than in 1991. This tendency reached statistical significance (p for trend = 0.03). The results of this study demonstrate that there is an increasing diagnostic tendency of Paget's disease along the period of study due to different analyzed variables.
Application of the thin‐shell formulation to the numerical modeling of Stern layer in biomolecular electrostatics
Authors: Manzin Alessandra , Bottauscio Oriano , Ansalone Domenico Patrizio 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this article, the thin‐shell formulation is applied to efficiently modeling the Stern layer within computational algorithms oriented toward the boundary element solution of the linearized Poisson–Boltzmann equation. The attention is focused on the calculation of the electrostatic potential in proximity to a biomolecule immersed in an electrolyte medium. Following the proposed approach, the Stern layer is made to collapse to a zero‐thickness region (two‐dimensional surface) with interface conditions linking the electrostatic potential over the molecular and the bulk ion accessible surfaces. Advantages lie in the limitation of divergent integral problems and in the halving of the unknown number, with a significant impact on computational time and memory requirements when modeling large biomolecules. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Influence of growth rate on occurrences of pale muscle in broilers
Authors: Samuel Dora D , Billard Lynne , Pringle Dean , Wicker Louise 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Pale broiler breast meat is a defect in commercial production operations. The incidence of pale broiler breast meat was examined in two commercial processing plants which had average growth rates of 59 g day−1 and 46 g day−1 and final average weights of 3.36 kg and 1.93 kg. Color measurements of dorsal and ventral surfaces and pH were completed to evaluate the impact of selection for growth on meat water‐holding capacity.RESULTS: L* greater than 60 were observed in 57% of broilers selected for greater yield and 26% of slower growing broilers. Average L* between 10 growers was significantly different (P = 0.001). Pearson's correlation coefficients for pH and L* were − 0.51 and − 0.27 for the faster growing broilers and slower growing broilers, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients between water‐holding capacity and L* and pH was − 0.35 and 0.42, respectively. There was a higher correlation between production factors (age, weight and grower) and a* and b* than L* for ventral surface measurements.CONCLUSION: Breasts from broilers selected for faster growth tend to have lighter color. Weak correlation with water‐holding capacity suggests that quality remains the same and light color is probably related to other factors. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry