bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Culture of Elections in Modern Britain
Authors: LAWRENCE JON 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis article develops some of the key themes in Electing Our Masters (2009). Its focus is the cultural history of electioneering, and in particular the shifting relationship between politicians and public from the late eighteenth century to the present. Elections are viewed as rituals structured around reproducing, and sometimes redefining, classed and gendered relations of power. Election rituals long pre‐dated democracy and existed primarily to soften the reality of dramatically unequal power relations. Considerable licence was granted to those excluded from formal politics; within limits they were to ‘have their say’. This rationale collapsed in the wake of the First World War and full‐blown democratization. But the shift to a mass electorate demanded less a change of political style than a subtle recalibration of politicians' expectations about the character and role of the crowd. Britain was inching towards a more democratic understanding of the relationship between politician and public, but one still framed in a dominant patrician style. Male dress code softened, political leadership became more informal and homely, but there was no great breakthrough to demotic politics until the late twentieth century.
Children's perception of food and healthy eating: dynamics behind their food preferences
Authors: Atik Deniz , Ozdamar Ertekin Zeynep 
Published: September 2011

AbstractChildhood obesity epidemic has been a popular topic for research as it has become a major health concern in many countries. As the focus of earlier studies has been predominantly on food marketing to children, there is still limited research on what other factors, apart from food marketing, influence their food preferences and eating habits. Bringing in children's perspectives as well as those of parents and guardians, this study aims to fill this gap by shedding light on further dynamics that can be influential on children's preferences. Through a qualitative inquiry, focus groups and individual interviews were conducted with children between the ages of 7 and 11. Aiming to investigate both meanings and practices, these sessions also included interactive and participatory research methods such as drawing, word games and role playing. Moreover, in‐depth interviews were carried out with teachers and mothers to gain an understanding of their perspective on the topic. The findings show the different appeals and social influences behind children's food preferences, among which sensory and fun appeals as well as the influence of parents come forward. By revealing these different appeals of food and social influences, the study brings a new perspective to the discussions on childhood obesity and food marketing.
Changes in vitamin D binding protein and vitamin D concentrations associated with liver transplantation
Authors: Reese Peter P. , Bloom Roy D. , Feldman Harold I. , Huverserian Ari , Thomasson Arwin , Shults Justine , Hamano Takayuki , Goral Simin , Shaked Abraham , Olthoff Kimberly , Rickels Michael R. , Bleicher Melissa , Leonard Mary B. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundVitamin D deficiency is associated with fractures, infections and death. Liver disease impairs vitamin D and vitamin D binding protein (DBP) metabolism.AimsWe aimed to determine the impact of liver transplantation on vitamin D, particularly on DBP and free vitamin D concentrations.MethodsSerum 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D and DBP concentrations were measured in 202 adults before liver transplantation and 3 months later in 155. Free vitamin D concentrations were estimated from these values. Risk factors for 25(OH)D deficiency (<20 ng/ml) and low 1,25(OH)2D (<20 pg/ml) were examined with logistic regression, and changes in concentrations following transplantation with linear regression.ResultsPretransplant, 84% were 25(OH)D deficient, 13% had 25(OH)D concentrations <2.5 ng/ml, and 77% had low 1,25(OH)2D. Model for end‐stage liver disease score ≥20 (P < 0.005) and hypoalbuminemia (P < 0.005) were associated with low 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D concentrations. Following transplantation, 25(OH)D concentrations increased a median of 17.8 ng/ml (P < 0.001). Albumin increased from a median of 2.7 to 3.8 g/dl (P < 0.001) and DBP from 8.6 to 23.8 mg/dl (P < 0.001). Changes in total 25(OH)D were positively and independently associated with changes in DBP (P < 0.05) and albumin (P < 0.001). Free 25(OH)D concentrations rose from 6.0 to 9.7 pg/ml (P < 0.001). In contrast, total 1,25(OH)2 Dconcentrations rose only by 4.3 pg/ml (P < 0.001) and free 1,25(OH)2 Dconcentrations declined (P < 0.001).ConclusionsSerum total and free 25(OH)D and DBP concentrations rose substantially following transplantation, while 1,25(OH)2D concentrations showed modest changes and free 1,25(OH)2D decreased. Studies of the effects of vitamin D status on diverse transplant complications are needed.
Wound healing in skin promoted by inoculation with Pseudomonas aeruginosaPAO1: The critical role of tumor necrosis factor‐α secreted from infiltrating neutrophils
Authors: Kanno Emi , Kawakami Kazuyoshi , Ritsu Masae , Ishii Keiko , Tanno Hiromasa , Toriyabe Sohachi , Imai Yoshimichi , Maruyama Ryoko , Tachi Masahiro 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWound healing is promoted by the presence of replicating microorganisms adhering to the wounded tissue, but the precise mechanism is not fully understood. In the present study, using a rat model with full‐thickness dermal wounds, we examined the effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa inoculation on wound healing and the role of neutrophils infiltrating the wound site. Within 3 days, inoculation with this bacterium had accelerated re‐epithelialization, epidermal cell proliferation, and neo‐vascularization, as well as the local infiltration of neutrophils, which reached a peak at 24 hours. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α was detected in the wound tissues on the mRNA and protein levels within 24 hours. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemical analyses detected higher levels of TNF‐α in the infiltrating neutrophils in rats inoculated with P. aeruginosa than in uninoculated rats. Neutropenic rats treated with anti‐neutrophil mAb or cyclophosphamide exhibited significant attenuation in re‐epithelialization, epidermal cell proliferation, neo‐vascularization, and TNF‐α synthesis compared with control; administration of TNF‐α reversed these attenuations. These wound‐healing responses were decelerated in rats treated with anti‐TNF‐α mAb, as was the infiltration of neutrophils. These results indicate that inoculation with P. aeruginosa promotes wound healing by inducing the infiltration of neutrophils, which play a critical role as a major source of TNF‐α.
Standardized Definitions for Hemodialysis Vascular Access
Authors: Lee Timmy , Mokrzycki Michele , Moist Louise , Maya Ivan , Vazquez Miguel , Lok Charmaine E. ,   From the North American Vascular Access Consortium (NAVAC)
Published: September 2011

AbstractVascular access dysfunction is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among end‐stage renal disease patients. Vascular access dysfunction exists in all three types of available accesses: arteriovenous fistulas, arteriovenous grafts, and tunneled catheters. To improve clinical research and outcomes in hemodialysis (HD) access dysfunction, the development of a multidisciplinary network of collaborative investigators with various areas of expertise, and common standards for terminology and classification in all vascular access types, is required. The North American Vascular Access Consortium (NAVAC) is a newly formed multidisciplinary and multicenter network of experts in the area of HD vascular access, who include nephrologists and interventional nephrologists from the United States and Canada with: (1) a primary clinical and research focus in HD vascular access dysfunction, (2) national and internationally recognized experts in vascular access, and (3) a history of productivity measured by peer‐reviewed publications and funding among members of this consortium. The consortium’s mission is to improve the quality and efficiency in vascular access research, and impact the research in the area of HD vascular access by conducting observational studies and randomized controlled trials. The purpose of the consortium’s initial manuscript is to provide working and standard vascular access definitions relating to (1) epidemiology, (2) vascular access function, (3) vascular access patency, and (4) complications in vascular accesses relating to each of the vascular access types.
Mortality risk in hemodialysis patients according to anemia control and erythropoietin dosing
Authors: SANTOS Paulo Roberto , MELO Antonio Danilo Mourão , LIMA Monique Marie Brito Cortez , NEGREIROS Idalina Maria A. Holanda , MIRANDA Jéssica Silva , PONTES Larissa Salles , RABELO Guilherme Menezes , VIANA Ana Carolina Parente , ALEXANDRINO Mayara Teixeira , BARROS Francisco Anderson , NETO Benjamin Ramos , BRITO Alana Alcântara , DA SILVA COSTA Anderson 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThere is no consensus about the toxicity of erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents among hemodialysis patients. We aimed to calculate the risk of death according to anemia control and erythropoietin (EPO) dosing among end‐stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis. We retrospectively studied 156 end‐stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis from a single renal unit during 12 months. Participants were classified according to anemia control into four groups: excellent (A), good (B), moderate (C) and bad (D) control. They were also classified according to EPO dosing into two groups: usual and high EPO dosing. The Cox proportional hazards regression model, adjusted for the difference in age, sex, time on dialysis, comorbidity, albumin, and Kt/V index, was performed to calculate the risk of death according to anemia control and EPO dosing profiles. Multivariate analysis by backward stepwise logistic regression was used to calculate the risk of death according to the variables that differed in the comparison between survivors and nonsurvivors. The hazard ratio of death was not significant according to anemia control profile C/D vs. A/B, but hazard ratio was 2.967 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.132–7.777; P = 0.027) for high EPO dosing profile patients. The multivariate analysis showed comorbidity (odds ratio [OR] = 8.958; 95% CI = 2.843–26.223; P < 0.001], high EPO dosing profile (OR = 5.172; 95% CI = 1.663–16,081; P = 0.005), age (OR = 1.056; 95% CI = 1.020–1.094; P = 0.002), and mean hemoglobin (OR = 0.435; 95% CI = 0.267–0.709; P = 0.001) to be predictive of death. Even though we cannot conclude that mortality risk is due to EPO toxicity, hemodialysis patients using high EPO dosing must be seen as at risk.
CO2 Absorption and Desorption Properties of Single Phase Ba2Fe2O5 and Analysis of Their Mechanism Using Thermodynamic Calculation
Authors: Fujishiro Fumito , Fukasawa Kazuaki , Hashimoto Takuya 
Published: September 2011

Single phase specimen of polycrystalline Ba2Fe2O5, which has been a candidate for CO2 absorbents, was prepared by solid state reaction method in N2 gas flow (log p(O2) ~10−4 atm). Ba2Fe2O5 showed weight increase above 500°C in CO2 gas flow, which is originated from the CO2 absorption. In CO2 gas flow, the weight decrease due to the CO2 desorption was observed above 1100°C. Thermogravimetry and X‐ray diffraction measurements have revealed that Ba2Fe2O5 can reversibly react with CO2, which is represented as Ba2Fe2O5 + CO2 ↔ BaCO3 + BaFe2O4. Thermodynamic calculation of the reaction was carried out, showing agreement with the results obtained by thermogravimetry. From the calculation, it has been revealed that Ba2Fe2O5 can react with CO2 at a higher temperature than Li4SiO4 regardless of partial pressure of CO2 (p(CO2)), indicating that Ba2Fe2O5 has a higher potential as CO2 absorbent than Li4SiO4.
Juvenile–adult tree associations in a continental Mediterranean ecosystem: no evidence for sustained and general facilitation at increased aridity
Authors: Granda Elena , Escudero Adrián , de la Cruz Marcelino , Valladares Fernando 
Published: September 2011

QuestionHow do tree species identity, microhabitat and water availability affect inter‐ and intra‐specific interactions between juvenile and adult woody plants?LocationContinental Mediterranean forests in Alto Tajo Natural Park, Guadalajara, Spain.MethodsA total of 2066 juveniles and adults of four co‐occurring tree species were mapped in 17 plots. The frequency of juveniles at different microhabitats and water availability levels was analysed using log‐linear models. We used nearest‐neighbour contingency table analysis of spatial segregation and J‐functions to describe the spatial patterns.ResultsWe found a complex spatial pattern that varied according to species identity and microhabitat. Recruitment was more frequent in gaps for Quercus ilex, while the other three species recruited preferentially under shrubs or trees depending on the water availability level. Juveniles were not spatially associated to conspecific adults, experiencing segregation from them in many cases. Spatial associations, both positive and negative, were more common at higher water availability levels.ConclusionsOur results do not agree with expectations from the stress‐gradient hypothesis, suggesting that positive interactions do not increase in importance with increasing aridity in the study ecosystem. Regeneration patterns are species‐specific and depend on microhabitat characteristics and dispersal strategies. In general, juveniles do not look for conspecific adult protection. This work contributes to the understanding of species co‐existence, proving the importance of considering a multispecies approach at several plots to overcome limitations of simple pair‐wise comparisons in a limited number of sites.
VARIABILITY OF STARCH‐BASED THICKENED DRINKS FOR PATIENTS WITH DYSPHAGIA IN THE HOSPITAL SETTING
Authors: PAYNE CLARE , METHVEN LISA , FAIRFIELD CAROL , GOSNEY MARGOT , BELL ALAN E. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTStarch‐based thickening agents may be prescribed for patients with dysphagia. Thickened fluids alter variables of the swallow reflex, allowing more time for bolus manipulation without compromising airway closure. This investigation explored the variation in viscosity and physical characteristics of thickened drinks prepared in different media under laboratory conditions and compared the results with those of thickened drinks presented to dysphagic patients in one hospital. The rheological characteristics were tested on a simple plastometer and a Bohlin CVOR rheometer (Malvern Instruments, Worcestershire, UK). Samples prepared to “syrup” consistency both in the laboratory and in the hospital were significantly different from each other (P < 0.0001). This was also the case for samples prepared to “custard” consistency. Differences existed not only in viscosity, but drinks prepared in different media produced different rheological matrices. This signifies different viscoelastic behaviors that may effect manipulation in the mouth. From this study, preparation of thickened drinks using starch‐based instant thickening powders appears to be a highly variable practice.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe research has highlighted differences in the preparation of thickened drinks for patients with dysphagia among guidelines, descriptors, manufacturers' instruction and actual preparation in the hospital setting. The differences in the final thickness and rheology produced when preparing drinks of different types and temperatures were significant and may have clinical consequences. The results can be used to provide advice and recommendations when preparing drinks in practice.
A note on the triple product property for subsets of finite groups
Authors: Neumann Peter M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe triple product property (TPP) for subsets of a finite group was introduced by Henry Cohn and Christopher Umans in 2003 as a tool for the study of the complexity of matrix multiplication. This note records some consequences of the simple observation that if (S1,S2,S3) is a TPP triple in a finite group G, then so is (dS1a,dS2b,dS3c) for any a,b,c,d∈G.Let si:=∣Si∣ for 1≤i≤3. First we prove the inequality s1(s2+s3−1)≤∣G∣ and show some of its uses. Then we show (something a little more general than) that if G has an abelian subgroup of index v, then s1s2s3 ≤v2 ∣G∣.
Predictors of change in sports participation in Latino and non-Latino children
Authors: Corder Kirsten , Crespo Noe C , van Sluijs Esther M F , Sallis James F , Shadron Lisa M , Moody Jamie S , Elder John P 
Published: September 2011

BackgroundFew prospective studies have examined predictors of change in specific physical activity (PA) behaviours in different ethnic groups.PurposeTo assess predictors of change in sports participation in Latino and non-Latino 5–8 year-old children in San Diego, California.MethodsAverage sports participation frequency (days/week) was assessed by validated parent-report at baseline (Nov 2006–May 2008) and 1 year later in 541 children (45.0% male, 41.1% Latino; mean±SD age: 6.6±0.7 years) taking part in an obesity prevention study (Project MOVE). Biological (sex, age, Body Mass Index z-score), socio-cultural (ethnicity, income, care giver education), parental (PA rules, PA encouragement) and environmental factors (home PA equipment, PA location) were assessed at baseline. Associations between change in sports participation and potential predictors were studied using multilevel linear regression stratified by Latino ethnicity, adjusted for sex, baseline sport participation, study condition and recruitment area.ResultsSports participation increased over 1 year (mean change: +0.5 days; p<0.001) and change was similar for boys and girls (p=0.95), but Latino children showed a greater increase (p=0.03). The number of locations used for PA (p=0.024) and the total frequency of PA location use (p=0.018) were positively associated with increased sports participation among Latinos. No predictors were identified for non-Latino children.ConclusionsOnly factors relating to PA location were identified as predictors of change in sports participation for Latino children. Interventions targeting specific PA behaviours such as sports participation may need to consider PA locations for Latino children and be tailored for specific ethnic groups.
A Phase 2 Trial of Dasatinib in Patients with Advanced HER2-Positive and/or Hormone Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Mayer Erica L. , Baurain Jean-Francois , Sparano Joseph , Strauss Lewis , Campone Mario , Fumoleau Pierre , Rugo Hope , Awada Ahmad , Sy Oumar , Llombart-Cussac Antonio 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Purpose: SRC-family kinases (SFK) are involved in numerous oncogenic signaling pathways. A phase 2 trial of dasatinib, a potent oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor of SFKs, was carried out in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive (HER2+) and/or hormone receptor–positive (HR+) advanced breast cancer.
Experimental Design: Patients with measurable tumors and progression after chemotherapy and HER2 and/or HR-targeted agents in adjuvant or metastatic settings (maximum of two prior metastatic setting regimens) received twice daily dasatinib. Primary endpoint was Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors–defined response rate. Secondary endpoints included toxicity and limited pharmacokinetics.
Results: Seventy patients (55 years median age) were treated, 83% of HER2+ patients had received prior HER2-directed therapy, and 61% of HR+ patients had received prior endocrine therapy in the advanced setting. Dasatinib starting dose was reduced from 100 to 70 mg twice daily to limit toxicity. Median therapy duration was 1.8 months in both dose groups and most discontinuations were due to progression. Of 69 evaluable patients, three had confirmed partial responses and six had stable disease for 16 weeks or more (disease control rate = 13.0%); all nine of these tumors were HR+ (two were also HER2+). The most common drug-related toxicities were gastrointestinal complaints, headache, asthenia, and pleural effusion. Grade 3–4 toxicity occurred in 37% of patients and was comparable between doses; drug-related serious adverse events were less frequent with 70 mg twice daily than 100 mg twice daily.
Conclusion: Limited single-agent activity was observed with dasatinib in patients with advanced HR+ breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 17(21); 6897–904. ©2011 AACR.
BCR–ABL Transcript Dynamics Support the Hypothesis That Leukemic Stem Cells Are Reduced during Imatinib Treatment
Authors: Stein Andrew M. , Bottino Dean , Modur Vijay , Branford Susan , Kaeda Jaspal , Goldman John M. , Hughes Timothy P. , Radich Jerald P. , Hochhaus Andreas 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Purpose: Imatinib induces a durable response in most patients with Philadelphia chromosome–positive chronic myeloid leukemia, but it is currently unclear whether imatinib reduces the leukemic stem cell (LSC) burden, which may be an important step toward enabling safe discontinuation of therapy. In this article, we use mathematical models of BCR–ABL levels to make inferences on the dynamics of LSCs.
Experimental Design: Patients with at least 1 BCR–ABL transcript measurement on imatinib were included (N = 477). Maximum likelihood methods were used to test 3 potential hypotheses of the dynamics of BCR–ABL transcripts on imatinib therapy: (i) monoexponential, in which there is little, if any, decline in BCR–ABL transcripts; (ii) biexponential, in which patients have a rapid initial decrease in BCR–ABL transcripts followed by a more gradual response; and (iii) triexponential, in which patients first exhibit a biphasic decline but then have a third phase when BCR–ABL transcripts increase rapidly.
Results: We found that most patients treated with imatinib exhibit a biphasic decrease in BCR–ABL transcript levels, with a rapid decrease during the first few months of treatment, followed by a more gradual decrease that often continues over many years.
Conclusions: We show that the only hypothesis consistent with current data on progenitor cell turnover and with the long-term, gradual decrease in the BCR–ABL levels seen in most patients is that these patients exhibit a continual, gradual reduction of the LSCs. This observation may explain the ability to discontinue imatinib therapy without relapse in some cases. Clin Cancer Res; 17(21); 6812–21. ©2011 AACR.