bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The stimulation of TH2 cells results in increased IL‐5 and IL‐13 production via the H4 receptor
Authors: Nikolouli Eirini , Mommert Susanne , Dawodu Damilola Modupe , Schaper‐Gerhardt Katrin , Stark Holger , Dittrich‐Breiholz Oliver , Gutzmer Ralf , Werfel Thomas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease resulting in decreased quality of life. Histamine and specifically the H4 receptor play a key role in the inflammatory process in AD and serve as targets for novel therapeutic approaches.ObjectiveIn the present study we aimed to elucidate the immunopathological mechanisms with which the H4 receptor impacts TH2 cells and contributes to AD pathophysiology.MethodsTotal CD4+ T cells obtained from healthy or AD individuals and in vitro differentiated TH2 cells were cultured under different conditions and the mRNA expression or protein production of target molecules were determined using quantitative real‐time PCR and ELISA.ResultsH4 receptor mRNA expression was upregulated concentration dependent upon IL‐4 stimulation in in vitro differentiated TH2 cells progressively during the differentiation. Transcriptomic analysis of in vitro differentiated TH2 versus TH1 cells revealed that the H4 receptor among other genes represents one of the highly upregulated genes in TH2 cells.Most importantly, increased amounts of IL‐5 and IL‐13 mRNA expression were detected in in vitro differentiated TH2 cells as well as protein secretion in the presence of histamine or of the H4 receptor‐selective‐agonist when compared to the untreated control.ConclusionWe show for the first time an H4 receptor dependent upregulation of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐5 and IL‐13 in human TH2 cells by histamine. This suggests that the blockade of the H4 receptor may lead to downregulation of these cytokines and amelioration of AD symptoms as reported in first clinical studies.
Association between intravenous fluids during labor and primary postpartum hemorrhage: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Bruce Belinda R. , Shepherd Heather L. , Khan Saleem Ahmed , Haunton Charlotte R. , Leask Julie , De Vries Bradley S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionThere is a major research gap relating to the impact of intravenous (IV) fluids administration during labor on maternal and neonatal outcomes. It is biologically plausible that a relationship between volume of IV fluids and primary postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) exists. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate whether the administration of high‐volume IV fluids during labor (≥ 2500 mL) increases the risk of primary PPH and other adverse outcomes for women with a term, singleton pregnancy, in comparison to low‐volume IV fluids during labor (<2500 mL).Material and MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary referral hospital in Sydney, Australia between 1st September 2021 and 31st October 2022. Inclusion criteria were: women with a live singleton fetus in a cephalic presentation; planning a vaginal birth; and admitted for labor and birth care between 37 and 42 week gestation. The study factor was IV fluids during labor and the primary outcome was primary PPH ≥500 mL. Secondary outcomes included cesarean section and major perineal injury. Pregnancy, birth, and postnatal data were obtained from the hospital's electronic clinical database, electronic medical records, and paper fluid order documentation. Multivariable logistic regression and multiple imputation were used to explore the relationship between volume of IV fluids in labor and PPH.ResultsA total of 1023 participants were included of which 339 had a primary PPH (33.1%). There was no association between high‐volume IV fluids and PPH after adjusting for demographic and clinical factors (adjusted odds ratio [ORadj]1.02 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.72, 1.44). However, there was a positive association between high‐volume IV fluids and cesarean section (ORadj 1.99; 95%CI 1.4, 2.8).ConclusionsThe findings of this research are important to further knowledge relating to the administration of IV fluids during labor. The findings emphasize the importance of accurately documenting IV fluids administration and identifies research priorities to enable us to better understand the broader implications of IV fluids administration on pregnancy and perinatal outcomes.
An alternative organizational model for a more democratic and equitable digital economy: A systematic literature review on platform cooperativism through the lens of stakeholder theory. Competitive advantages and challenges
Authors: Ghirlanda Pietro , Kirov Vassil 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPlatform cooperatives, namely, businesses that sell goods or services primarily through a website, mobile app, or protocol and commit to the principles of democratic governance and shared ownership, have lately been proposed as a more sustainable, equitable and, under certain conditions, even efficient alternative to the organizational model of commercial platforms. Accordingly, they have been presented as economic institutions capable of involving all their relevant stakeholders in an extended and inclusive governance structure. Nevertheless, this emerging literature is still characterized by the lack of a holistic and analytic framework connecting the dispersed studies on the topic through the lens of stakeholder theory and detailing strategic complementarities between these different stakeholders. Related to this point, while dealing with the competitive advantages and challenges of platform cooperatives, little reference has been made to the existing debate in governance theory about the advantages and challenges of cooperative firms as compared to capitalist ones. These research gaps motivated our literature review, which is the first comprehensive systematic review specifically focused on this topic. Given the still‐emerging character of the research object, our work also makes way for future updates as new contributions are gradually published.
Myeloproliferative neoplasms in the adolescent and young adult population: A comprehensive review of the literature
Authors: Goulart Hannah , Masarova Lucia , Mesa Ruben , Harrison Claire , Kiladjian Jean‐Jacques , Pemmaraju Naveen 
Published: June 2024

SummaryMyeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are characterized by a clonal proliferation of myeloid lineage cells within the bone marrow. The classical BCR‐ABL negative MPNs are comprised of polycythaemia vera, essential thrombocythaemia and primary myelofibrosis. Historically, the majority of MPNs are diagnosed in adults older than 60 years of age; however, in recent years, there has been recognition of MPNs in the adolescent and young adult (AYA) population. AYAs with MPN, typically defined as between the ages of 15 and 39 years old, may comprise up to 20% of patients diagnosed with MPN. They demonstrate unique patterns of driver mutations and thrombotic events and remain at risk for progression to more aggressive disease states. Given the likely long length of time they will live with their disease, there is a significant unmet need in identifying well‐tolerated and effective treatment options for these patients, particularly with the advent of disease modification. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical features, disease course and management of AYA patients with MPN and, in doing so, highlight key characteristics that distinguish them from their older counterparts.
The environment to the rescue: can physics help predict predator–prey interactions?
Authors: Cherif Mehdi , Brose Ulrich , Hirt Myriam R. , Ryser Remo , Silve Violette , Albert Georg , Arnott Russell , Berti Emilio , Cirtwill Alyssa , Dyer Alexander , Gauzens Benoit , Gupta Anhubav , Ho Hsi‐Cheng , Portalier Sébastien M. J. , Wain Danielle , Wootton Kate 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the factors that determine the occurrence and strength of ecological interactions under specific abiotic and biotic conditions is fundamental since many aspects of ecological community stability and ecosystem functioning depend on patterns of interactions among species. Current approaches to mapping food webs are mostly based on traits, expert knowledge, experiments, and/or statistical inference. However, they do not offer clear mechanisms explaining how trophic interactions are affected by the interplay between organism characteristics and aspects of the physical environment, such as temperature, light intensity or viscosity. Hence, they cannot yet predict accurately how local food webs will respond to anthropogenic pressures, notably to climate change and species invasions. Herein, we propose a framework that synthesises recent developments in food‐web theory, integrating body size and metabolism with the physical properties of ecosystems. We advocate for combination of the movement paradigm with a modular definition of the predation sequence, because movement is central to predator–prey interactions, and a generic, modular model is needed to describe all the possible variation in predator–prey interactions. Pending sufficient empirical and theoretical knowledge, our framework will help predict the food‐web impacts of well‐studied physical factors, such as temperature and oxygen availability, as well as less commonly considered variables such as wind, turbidity or electrical conductivity. An improved predictive capability will facilitate a better understanding of ecosystem responses to a changing world.
Organismal trade‐offs and the pace of planktonic life
Authors: Kiørboe Thomas 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTNo one is perfect, and organisms that perform well in some habitat or with respect to some tasks, do so at the cost of performance in others: there are inescapable trade‐offs. Organismal trade‐offs govern the structure and function of ecosystems and attempts to demonstrate and quantify trade‐offs have therefore been an important goal for ecologists. In addition, trade‐offs are a key component in trait‐based ecosystem models. Here, I synthesise evidence of trade‐offs in plankton organisms, from bacteria to zooplankton, and show how a slow–fast gradient in life histories emerges. I focus on trade‐offs related to the main components of an organism's Darwinian fitness, that is resource acquisition, survival, and propagation. All consumers need to balance the need to eat without being eaten, and diurnal vertical migration, where zooplankton hide at depth during the day to avoid visual predators but at the cost of missed feeding opportunities in the productive surface layer, is probably the best documented result of this trade‐off. However, there are many other more subtle but equally important behaviours that similarly are the result of an optimisation of these trade‐offs. Most plankton groups have also developed more explicit defence mechanisms, such as toxin production or evasive behaviours that are harnessed in the presence of their predators; the costs of these have often proved difficult to quantify or even demonstrate, partly because they only materialise under natural conditions. Finally, all multicellular organisms must allocate time and resources among growth, reproduction, and maintenance (e.g. protein turnover and DNA repair), and mate finding may compromise both survival and feeding. The combined effects of all these trade‐offs is the emergence of a slow–fast gradient in the pace‐of‐life, likely the most fundamental principle for the organisation of organismal life histories. This crystallisation of trade‐offs may offer a path to further simplification of trait‐based models of marine ecosystems.
Silencing PCMT1 enhances the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to paclitaxel through the PI3K/Akt/STMN1 pathway
Authors: Zhang Ke , Li Jin‐You , Li Kai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate whether silencing Protein L‐isoaspartate (D‐aspartate) O‐methyltransferase (PCMT1) expression can enhance the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to paclitaxel and its possible mechanism. Tumor tissues and adjacent histologically normal tissues were collected from patients with breast cancer admitted to our hospital. Human normal breast epithelial cells MCF10A, human breast cancer cells MCF‐7, and paclitaxel‐resistant breast cancer cells MCF‐7/PR were purchased. MCF‐7/PR cells were further grouped into negative control (NC) group, si‐PCMT1 group (transfected with si‐PCMT1), 740Y‐P group (treated with 740Y‐P, an activator of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/ v‐Akt Murine Thymoma Viral Oncogene (AKT) signaling pathway), and si‐PCMT1 + 740Y‐P group (transfected with si‐PCMT1 and then treated with 740Y‐P). The expression level of PCMT1 in tissues and cells was detected by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Western blot analysis was used to detect the protein expression level of PCMT1 in tissues and cells as well as the protein level of p‐PI3K, PI3K, p‐Akt, Akt, and Stathmin1 (STMN1) in cells. 3‐(4,5)‐dimethylthiahiazo(‐z‐y1)‐3,5‐di‐phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) and colony formation assays were used to determine cell viability, scratch assay was used to assess the migration ability of cells, and Transwell assay was used to assess the invasion ability of cells. The expression of PCMT1 was remarkably up‐regulated in breast cancer tissues and MCF‐7/PR cells. Silencing PCMT1 expression significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of MCF‐7/PR cells, and alleviated the resistance of cancer cells to paclitaxel. Additionally, silencing PCMT1 expression also inhibited the activation of PI3K/Akt/STMN1 pathway in MCF‐7/PR cells, while activating PI3K/Akt/STMN1 pathway significantly reversed the effect of silencing PCMT1 expression on MCF‐7/PR cells. PCMT1 is highly expressed in breast cancer tissues and MCF‐7/PR cells, and silencing PCMT1 expression can not only inhibit the development of breast cancer but also enhance paclitaxel sensitivity. Its mechanism of action may be achieved by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/STMN1 signaling.
AutoVizuA11y: A Tool to Automate Screen Reader Accessibility in Charts
Authors: Duarte Diogo , Costa Rita , Bizarro Pedro , Duarte Carlos 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCharts remain widely inaccessible on the web for users of assistive technologies like screen readers. This is, in part, due to data visualization experts still lacking the experience, knowledge, and time to consistently implement accessible charts. As a result, screen reader users are prevented from accessing information and are forced to resort to tabular alternatives (if available), limiting the insights that they can gather. We worked with both groups to develop AutoVizuA11y, a tool that automates the addition of accessible features to web‐based charts. It generates human‐like descriptions of the data using a large language model, calculates statistical insights from the data, and provides keyboard navigation between multiple charts and underlying elements. Fifteen screen reader users interacted with charts made accessible with AutoVizuA11y in a usability test, thirteen of which praised the tool for its intuitive design, short learning curve, and rich information. On average, they took 66 seconds to complete each of the eight analytical tasks presented and achieved a success rate of 89%. Through a SUS questionnaire, the participants gave AutoVizuA11y an “Excellent” score — 83.5/100 points. We also gathered feedback from two data visualization experts who used the tool. They praised the tool availability, ease of use and functionalities, and provided feedback to add AutoVizuA11y support for other technologies in the future.
Deconstructing Human‐AI Collaboration: Agency, Interaction, and Adaptation
Authors: Holter Steffen , El‐Assady Mennatallah 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAs full AI‐based automation remains out of reach in most real‐world applications, the focus has instead shifted to leveraging the strengths of both human and AI agents, creating effective collaborative systems. The rapid advances in this area have yielded increasingly more complex systems and frameworks, while the nuance of their characterization has gotten more vague. Similarly, the existing conceptual models no longer capture the elaborate processes of these systems nor describe the entire scope of their collaboration paradigms. In this paper, we propose a new unified set of dimensions through which to analyze and describe human‐AI systems. Our conceptual model is centered around three high‐level aspects ‐ agency, interaction, and adaptation ‐ and is developed through a multi‐step process. Firstly, an initial design space is proposed by surveying the literature and consolidating existing definitions and conceptual frameworks. Secondly, this model is iteratively refined and validated by conducting semi‐structured interviews with nine researchers in this field. Lastly, to illustrate the applicability of our design space, we utilize it to provide a structured description of selected human‐AI systems.
Cost‐sensitive tree SHAP for explaining cost‐sensitive tree‐based models
Authors: Kopanja Marija , Hačko Stefan , Brdar Sanja , Savić Miloš 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCost‐sensitive ensemble learning as a combination of two approaches, ensemble learning and cost‐sensitive learning, enables generation of cost‐sensitive tree‐based ensemble models using the cost‐sensitive decision tree (CSDT) learning algorithm. In general, tree‐based models characterize nice graphical representation that can explain a model's decision‐making process. However, the depth of the tree and the number of base models in the ensemble can be a limiting factor in comprehending the model's decision for each sample. The CSDT models are widely used in finance (e.g., credit scoring and fraud detection) but lack effective explanation methods. We previously addressed this gap with cost‐sensitive tree Shapley Additive Explanation Method (CSTreeSHAP), a cost‐sensitive tree explanation method for the single‐tree CSDT model. Here, we extend the introduced methodology to cost‐sensitive ensemble models, particularly cost‐sensitive random forest models. The paper details the theoretical foundation and implementation details of CSTreeSHAP for both single CSDT and ensemble models. The usefulness of the proposed method is demonstrated by providing explanations for single and ensemble CSDT models trained on well‐known benchmark credit scoring datasets. Finally, we apply our methodology and analyze the stability of explanations for those models compared to the cost‐insensitive tree‐based models. Our analysis reveals statistically significant differences between SHAP values despite seemingly similar global feature importance plots of the models. This highlights the value of our methodology as a comprehensive tool for explaining CSDT models.
Optimizing in vitro T cell differentiation by using induced pluripotent stem cells with GFP‐RUNX1 and mCherry‐TCF7 labelling
Authors: Zhao Yu , Cao Jiani , Xu Haoyu , Cao Weiyun , Cheng Chenxi , Tan Shaojing , Zhao Tongbiao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn vitro T‐cell differentiation from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) could potentially provide an unlimited source of T cells for cancer immunotherapy, which, however is still hindered by the inefficient obtaining functionally‐matured, terminally‐differentiated T cells. Here, we established a fluorescence reporter human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line termed TCF7mCherryRUNX1GFP, in which the endogenous expression of RUNX1 and TCF7 are illustrated by the GFP and mCherry fluorescence, respectively. Utilizing TCF7mCherryRUNX1GFP, we defined that the feeder cells incorporating CXCL12‐expressing OP9 cells with DL4‐expressing OP9 cells at a 1:3 ratio (OP9‐C1D3) significantly enhanced efficiency of CD8+ T cell differentiation from PSCs. Additionally, we engineered a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting EGFR into iPSCs. The CAR‐T cells differentiated from these iPSCs using OP9‐C1D3 feeders demonstrated effective cytotoxicity toward lung cancer cells. We anticipate this platform will help the in vitro HSPC and T cell differentiation optimization, serving the clinical demands of these cells.
Artificial refuges did not increase small mammal abundance after fire
Authors: Watchorn Darcy J. , Doherty Tim S. , Wilson Barbara A. , Garkaklis Mark J. , Driscoll Don A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe interacting threats of invasive predators and altered fire regimes are key conservation issues for many native species globally. Artificial refuges have been proposed as a potential conservation tool to provide prey species with protection from invasive predators after fire, but we do not yet know whether they improve animal survival. To address this knowledge gap, we experimentally tested how small mammal abundance and species richness were influenced by the provision of artificial refuges after prescribed burns. We surveyed small mammals across five unburnt sites, seven burnt sites with artificial refuges, and eight burnt control sites following two prescribed fires in southeastern Australia. There were negative and neutral responses of small mammals to the burns, and relative abundance was positively correlated with structurally complex vegetation. Artificial refuges had no impact on abundance or species richness, irrespective of burn coverage. These findings suggest that this artificial refuge design may not be an effective tool for improving small mammal population persistence postfire, and as such we should not yet scale up their application. However, given the inherent context‐dependency of field experiments involving fire, which include difficult‐to‐control variables such as fire severity, predator activity, and population dynamics, we encourage researchers to undertake further experiments with artificial refuges in fire‐affected areas, including after severe wildfires when less vegetation cover remains. Such studies will help to build our understanding of their utility as a conservation tool across different ecosystems and fire types.