bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complete ectopia cordis with anencephaly: A case report
Authors: Chopra Seema , Kalpdev Arun , Suri Vanita , Aggarwal Neelam , Rohilla Meenakshi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe report a case of pentalogy of Cantrell with anencephaly diagnosed in utero on 2‐dimensional sonography at 17 weeks of gestation. Due to associated anencephaly, termination of pregnancy was carried out. Histopathological examination confirmed the sonographic findings. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2010
Mechanisms of injury to white matter adjacent to a large intraventricular hemorrhage in the preterm brain
Authors: Adler Ira , Batton Dan , Betz Bradford , Bezinque Steven , Ecklund Kirsten , Junewick Joseph , McCauley Roy , Miller Cindy , Seibert Joanna , Specter Barbara , Westra Sjirk , Leviton Alan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to investigate the hyperechoic lesion seen adjacent to a lateral ventricle that contains blood but is not distended. The literature on ependymal barrier dysfunction was reviewed in search of mechanisms of injury to the white matter adjacent to an intraventricular hemorrhage. The clinical literature on the clinical diagnosis of periventricular hemorrhagic infarction was also reviewed to find out how frequently this diagnosis was made. Support was found for the possibility that the ventricular wall does not always function as an efficient barrier, allowing ventricular contents to gain access to the white matter where they cause damage. Hemorrhagic infarction may not be the only or the most frequent mechanism of white matter damage adjacent to a large intraventricular hemorrhage. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2010
Force spectroscopy as a tool to investigate the properties of supported lipid membranes
Authors: Canale C. , Jacono M. , Diaspro A. , Dante S. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSolid supported lipid bilayers (SLB) are extensively used as a model for the investigation of cell membranes in a variety of spectroscopic and biophysical methods. It is nevertheless well known that the interaction with the solid substrate, such as mica or silicon, influences the properties of the membranes. In this article we have employed atomic force microscopy (AFM) in force spectroscopy mode (FS) to investigate the local mechanical properties of lipid membranes supported on mica and on polymer cushion. The lipid double layers were obtained by fusion of unilamellar vesicle of phospholipids. The polymer support was created by self‐assembly of charged polyelectrolytes. Force spectroscopy provided information about the breakthrough force, the breakthrough depth, and the sample adhesion. A batch analysis algorithm to process high‐resolution force mapping was developed. The breakthrough force to indent the bilayers down to the support and the adhesion force were measured as a function of the membrane charge. The comparison of the data obtained from SLB on mica and from bilayers on polymer cushion provides direct evidence about the influence of the substrate on the local mechanic properties of the membrane. As a major result, the yield force distribution of membranes on polymer cushion was bimodal, compared to the unimodal distribution obtained on mica. Microsc. Res. Tech. 73:965–972, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combination of atomic force microscopy and principal component analysis as a general method for direct recognition of functional and structural domains in nanonocomposite materials
Authors: Torre Bruno , Bicego Manuele , Cristiani Marco , Murino Vittorio , Diaspro Alberto , Cingolani Roberto 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this work, we report a simple method to direct identify nanometer sized textures in composite materials by means of AFM spectroscopy, aiming at recognizing structured region to be further investigated. It consists in acquiring a set of dynamic data organized in spectroscopy maps and subsequently extracting most valuable information by means of the principal component analysis (PCA) method. This algorithm projects the information of D spectroscopy curves, each containing P data, acquired at each point of an LxC grid into a subset of LxC maps without any assumption on the sample structure, filtering out redundancies and noise. As a consequence, a huge amount of 3D data is condensed into few 2D maps, easy to be examined. Results of this algorithm allow to find and locate regions of interest within the map, allowing a further reduction of data series to be extensively analyzed or modeled. In this work, we explain the main features of the method and show its application on a nanocomposite sample. Microsc. Res. Tech. 73:973–981, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
AFM measurement of the stiffness of layers of agarose gel patterned with polylysine
Authors: Salerno Marco , Dante Silvia , Patra Niranjan , Diaspro Alberto 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFilms of agarose gel microspotted with polylysine aqueous solution have been characterized by atomic force microscopy carried out in deionized water. Thickness and surface morphology of the layers have been checked, and the effect of polylysine impregnation on the local elasticity has been investigated. An increase in contact stiffness of the organic layer at the spotted areas has been observed, correlated with the polylysine concentration. For the considered agarose layer thickness of ∼0.9 μm in dry condition, the concentration threshold at which stiffening appears is ∼0.1 mg/mL. Above this threshold, the stiffening coefficient becomes approximately twofold and seems not to increase significantly with concentration in the range 0.3–0.7 mg/mL. For concentrations above the stiffening threshold, this effect is also accompanied by a locally lower film thickness. For quantitative determination of the stiffness, force–distance curves extracted from the regions of interest of spots and agarose substrate have been selected and processed. These curves were fitted to the Hertz model of purely elastic tip‐surface interaction, under appropriate assumptions on both tip shape and optimum indentation depth. In this way, we could determine the Young's modulus of the agarose layer to be ∼50 kPa and quantitatively confirm the stiffening due to polylysine. Microsc. Res. Tech. 73:982–990, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unbiased stereological estimation of the rat fetal pituitary volume and of the total number and volume of TSH cells after maternal dexamethasone application
Authors: Manojlović‐Stojanoski Milica , Nestorović Nataša , Ristić Nataša , Trifunović Svetlana , Filipović Branko , Šošić‐Jurjević Branka , Sekulić Milka 
Published: March 2010

AbstractGlucocorticoids have an inhibitory influence on proliferation activity of the pituitary cells while stimulating apoptosis. Therefore, it was hypothesized that the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (DX), has an inhibitory influence on the number of thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) cells during fetal development. The effects of maternal administration of DX on stereological parameters of TSH cells, and TSH serum concentration were investigated in 21‐day‐old rat fetuses. On day 16 of pregnancy, the experimental dams received 1.0 mg DX/kg b.w. subcutaneously, followed by 0.5 mg DX/kg b.w./day on days 17 and 18 of gestation. The control gravid females received the same volume of saline vehicle. TSH cells were stained immunocytochemically by the peroxidase–antiperoxidase (PAP) method. The fetal pituitary volumes were estimated using Cavalieri's principle. A physical disector counting technique in combination with the fractionator sampling method was used for estimation of pituitary TSH cell number. Cell and nuclear volumes were measured with a planar rotator. Maternal DX application was found to cause a significant decrease of pituitary volume and number of TSH cells per pituitary in 21‐day‐old fetuses in comparison with the control fetuses. TSH cell number expressed per body weight unit declined significantly after maternal DX administration. These results indicate an inhibitory DX influence on proliferative activity of precursors and likely differentiated TSH cells and increased apoptotic prevalence. The histological appearance, volume of TSH cells and TSH serum concentration suggest intensive synthetic activity in TSH cells of DX exposed fetuses. Microsc. Res. Tech. 73:1077–1085, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electron microscopy studies of electron‐beam sensitive PbTe‐based nanostructures
Authors: Falqui Andrea , Bertoni Giovanni , Genovese Alessandro , Marras Sergio , Malerba Mario , Franchini Isabella R. , Manna Liberato 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPbTe nanocrystals were synthesized and then reacted with a toluene solution containing AuCl3. Depending on the reaction conditions and on the starting PbTe nanocrystals morphology, different kinds of nanostructures have been obtained: single defect‐free PbTe nanocrystals with and without an external amourphous oxide shell, crystalline‐Au core/amorphous PbxTeyAuz shell structure, large balloon‐shaped (or mushroom‐shaped) Au domain attached via its apex to the surface of the nanocrystals. Structure and composition of these different types of nanostructure have been studied by means of Cs‐corrected High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) together with Energy Dispersive X‐Ray Spectrometry (EDX), respectively. These nanostructures have been found sensitive to the high‐intensity electron beam and its effect has been investigated. Microsc. Res. Tech. 73:944–951, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cellular uptake pathway and drug release characteristics of drug‐encapsulated glycol chitosan nanoparticles in live cells
Authors: Park Sangjin , Lee So Jin , Chung Hyunjin , Her Songwook , Choi Yongseok , Kim Kwangmeyung , Choi Kuiwon , Kwon Ick Chan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractHerein, we evaluated the cellular uptake pathways of hydrophobically modified glycol chitosan (HGC) nanoparticles as nano‐sized drug carriers using cellular imaging technology. The endocytic pathway of nanocarriers for intracellular drug delivery is of great interest for the design of high efficacy delivery carriers for therapeutic agents. To evaluate the cellular uptake pathways of HGC nanoparticles, HGC was chemically labeled with near infrared (NIR) fluorescence dye, Cy5.5, to visualize the nanoparticle under confocal laser scanning microscopy. The internalization pathways of HGC nanoparticles were evaluated after treatment of specific endocytosis inhibitors. Importantly, HCG nanoparticles showed different cellular uptake efficiency and intracellular fate in cytoplasm according to the internalization pathways. Furthermore, drug distribution also evaluated according to the endocytic pathways after treatment of drug encapsulated HGC nanoparticles. As a model drug, fluorescent photosensitizer, Ce6, was encapsulated into HGC (Ce6‐HGC) nanoparticles and the distribution of Ce6 in cytoplasm was evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The intracellular drug distribution showed different manner through specific endocytic pathways. The cellular imaging technology is highly useful for evaluation of endocytosis pathways and intracellular fate of drug delivery carrier which are closely related to drug distribution and therapeutic efficacy. Microsc. Res. Tech. 73:857–865, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of encapsulation or grafting on release kinetics of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 from self‐assembled poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide ethylene oxide fumarate) nanoparticles
Authors: Mercado Angel E. , Jabbari Esmaiel 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe objective of this work was to compare the release characteristics ofRecombinant humanbone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2) encapsulated in thermally self‐assembled poly(lactide ethylene oxide fumarate) (PLEOF) nanoparticles (NPs) with rhBMP‐2 grafted to succinimide‐terminated poly(lactide fumarate) (PLAF‐NHS) or poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide fumarate) (PLGF‐NHS) NPs. The amphiphilic PLEOF NPs had average size of 110 ± 50 nm. The hydrophobic PLAF‐NHS and PLGF‐NHS NPs had average size of 242 ± 67 and 195 ± 42 nm, respectively. PLEOF NPs had rhBMP‐2 encapsulation efficiency ranging from 65 to 93%. Grafting efficiency of rhBMP‐2 to PLAF‐NHS and PLGF‐NHS NPs was 97% ± 1% and 98% ± 1%, respectively. PLEOF NPs displayed a relatively high‐release rate of rhBMP‐2 in the first week, which rapidly dropped to zero after 10 days. PLEOF NPs grafted with 10 and 20 μg/mL rhBMP‐2 released 67 and 80% of the protein in the active conformation after degradation. PLGF‐NHS NPs displayed sustained release of rhBMP‐2 in the first 2 weeks but dropped to almost zero rate (<3 ng/day) after 20 days. PLAF‐NHS NPs showed the longest period of sustained release of active rhBMP‐2 at two rates: a high rate of 25–35 ng/mL in the first 2 weeks followed by a low rate of 5–10 ng/mL from 2 to 6 weeks. Nearly, 25 and 50% of the rhBMP‐2 released from PLGF‐NHS and PLAF‐NHS NPs, respectively, were enzymatically active after degradation of the NPs. PLEOF NPs provided a fast release of rhBMP‐2 for 1 week, whereas PLAF‐NHS NPs provided a slow release for up to 6 weeks. Microsc. Res. Tech. 73:824–833, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rationalized approach to the determination of contact point in force–distance curves: Application to polymer brushes in salt solutions and in water
Authors: Melzak Kathryn A. , Moreno‐Flores Susana , Yu Kai , Kizhakkedathu Jayachandran , Toca‐Herrera José L. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this work, we present two methods to determine the contact point in force–distance curves obtained with the atomic force microscope. These procedures are compared with the typical determination of contact point by a visual assessment of the data. One method, based on the assumption that the sample shows linear elastic behavior, provides results similar to those obtained by a visual assessment of the data, and will be suitable for determining the contact point in cases where ionic repulsion is not significant. The second method is based on a series of measurements in which the sample deformation is measured at increasing values of applied load; the contact point is determined by extrapolation to zero load. Because this method is based on extrapolation of measurements made in the contact regime, it is not subject to long‐range repulsion. It is thus suitable for the analyses of the contact point even in cases where ionic repulsions will affect the point at which individual force curves deviate from the baseline or zero‐force regime. The methods described here are demonstrated with a glycopolymer brush compressed with a colloidal silica particle on the tip of the AFM cantilever. Microsc. Res. Tech. 73:959–964, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Strengthen decision making by asking the right questions
Authors: Cohen Gary B. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMany leaders believe it is incumbent on them to make any and every decision they can. Before long, nobody will make a decision without the leader's approval. As a result, the decision‐making process becomes tedious, inefficient, and often ineffective. And morale dips as people on all levels of the organization get frustrated since they aren't being trusted to do challenging and important work. Cohen explains that to combat the speed of change and cascade of information, leaders must direct decisions to the appropriate party. First ask, “Whose decision is it?” and let job descriptions dictate who should decide. Then ask supportive, open‐ended questions that empower and motivate the decision‐maker.
Redefining leadership in the Asia Pacific
Authors: Davis Gerry , Langton Stephen 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThat technology and globalization are rewriting the rules for 21st century business is undisputed. Both have opened rich new veins of products and places where they are sold. Yet the authors report that a leadership crisis is emerging in the Asia Pacific region fuelled by the twin forces of economic expansion and demographics, with the Baby Boomer generation retiring faster than the executive pool can be replaced. The authors examine the challenges posed by these critical trends for both Asian and Western companies.
Dietary energy restriction, in part through glucocorticoid hormones, mediates the impact of 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate on jun D and fra‐1 in sencar mouse epidermis
Authors: Przybyszewski Joseph , Wang Weiqun , Au Angela , Perry Courtney , Guetzko Megan , Koehler Ken , Birt Diane F. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDietary energy restriction (DER, 40% calorie reduction from fat and carbohydrate) inhibited mouse skin carcinogenesis and decreased 12‐O‐tetradecanoyl‐13‐phorbol acetate (TPA)‐induced activator protein‐1 (AP‐1):DNA binding previously. This study measured protein levels of c‐jun, jun B, jun D, c‐fos, fra‐1, and fra‐2 and examined their contribution to AP‐1:DNA binding by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) with supershift analysis in the epidermis of control and DER Sencar mice exposed to TPA. TPA significantly increased c‐jun, jun B, c‐fos, fra‐1, and fra‐2 and decreased jun D within 3–6 h after treatment. AP‐1:DNA binding reached a maximum 2.5‐fold induction over controls 4 h after TPA treatment and antibodies to jun B, jun D, and fra‐2 in the EMSA binding reaction resulted in supershifts in both acetone‐ and TPA‐treated mice 1–6 h after treatment. The effect of corticosterone (CCS) and DER on the AP‐1 proteins and on the composition of the AP‐1:DNA complex was measured in adrenalectomized (adx) mice. DER reduced the TPA impact on jun D and enhanced the induction of fra‐1. In addition, CCS‐supplemented groups had significantly lower jun D and higher fra‐2 than adx groups and sham groups. While sham animals treated with either acetone or TPA contained jun B, jun D, and fra‐2 proteins in the AP‐1:DNA complex by supershift analysis, fra‐2 was no longer seen in adx DER animals. In summary, our study supports potential roles for jun D, jun B, and fra‐1 in the DER regulation of AP‐1 function in the Sencar mouse skin carcinogenesis model. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Naturally occurring asteriscunolide A induces apoptosis and activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway in human tumor cell lines
Authors: Negrín Gledy , Eiroa José L. , Morales Manuel , Triana Jorge , Quintana José , Estévez Francisco 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSesquiterpene lactones have attracted much attention because they display a wide range of biological activities, including antitumor properties. Here, we show the effects of the naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactone asteriscunolide A (AS) on viability of human melanoma, leukemia and cells that overexpress antiapoptotic proteins, namely Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xL. All cell lines were sensitive to this compound, with IC50 values of ∼5 µM. The cytotoxic effects of AS were accompanied by a G2‐M phase arrest of the cell cycle and a concentration‐ and time‐dependent appearance of apoptosis as determined by DNA fragmentation, translocation of phosphatidylserine to the cell surface and sub‐G1 ratio. Apoptosis was associated with caspase‐3 activity and poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase cleavage and was prevented by the nonspecific caspase inhibitor z‐VAD‐fmk, indicating that caspases are essential components in this pathway. The apoptotic effect of AS was also associated with (i) the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria which was accompanied by dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and (ii) the activation of the mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathway. AS‐induced cell death was potentiated by inhibition of extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2 signaling with U0126 and PD98059. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) seem to play a pivotal role in this process since high levels of ROS were produced early (1 h) and apoptosis was completely blocked by the free radical scavenger N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC). The present study demonstrates that AS‐induced cell death is mediated by an intrinsic‐dependent apoptotic event involving mitochondria and MAPKs, and through a mechanism dependent on ROS generation. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair genes XPC, XPD, and XRCC4, and susceptibility to Helicobacter pylori infection‐related gastric antrum adenocarcinoma in Guangxi population, China
Authors: Long Xi‐Dai , Ma Yun , Huang Yong‐Zhi , Yi Yun , Liang Qiu‐Xiang , Ma Ai‐Min , Zeng Li‐Ping , Fu Guo‐Hui 
Published: March 2010

AbstractGenetic polymorphisms in DNA repair genes may influence individual variation in DNA repair capacity, which may be associated with risk of gastric antrum adenocarcinoma (GAA) related to Helicobacter pylori infection. This study, including 361 GAAs and 616 controls without any evidence of tumors, was designed to evaluate the association between the polymorphisms of DNA repair genes XPC Ala499Val (RS#2228000) and Lys939Gln (RS#2228001), XPD Lys751Gln (RS#13181), and XRCC4 Ala247Ser (RS#3734091) and Ser298Asn (RS#1805377), and GAA risk for Guangxi population by means of TaqMan‐PCR analysis. Increased risks of GAA were found for individuals with H. pylori positive [odds ratio (OR), 2.48; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.84–3.33] or cagA positive (OR, 7.34; 95% CI, 5.46–9.87). No differences were observed among the studied groups with regard to the genotype distribution of XPC codons 499 and 939 and of XRCC4 codon 247; but XPD codon 751 genotypes with Gln [ORs (95% CI) were 2.67 (1.98–3.58) and 3.97 (2.64–5.99) for Lys/Gln and Gln/Gln, respectively] and XRCC4 codon 298 genotypes with Asn [ORs (95% CI) were 3.01 (2.21–4.10) and 4.78 (3.24–7.05) for Ser/Asn and Asn/Asn, respectively] increased the risk of GAA. Interestingly, there was an interactive effect between the risk genotypes of these two genes and cagA‐positive status in the GAA risk (ORinteract = 2.05 and 2.08, respectively). However, we did not find the gene–H. pylori‐status interaction effects on the risk of GAA (Pinteract > 0.05). The results suggested that the polymorphisms of XPD codon 751 and XRCC4 codon 298 are associated with an increased risk of developing H. pylori‐related GAA among Guangxi population. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Self‐efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis: translation and test of validity, reliability and sensitivity of the Danish version of the Rheumatoid Arthritis Self‐Efficacy Questionnaire (RASE)
Authors: Primdahl J. , Wagner L. , Hørslev‐Petersen Kim 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectives: To describe the translation and test of the Danish version of the original British ‘Rheumatoid Arthritis Self‐Efficacy Questionnaire’ (RASE).Methods: The questionnaire was forward and back translated by individuals with Danish and English as their respective primary languages. The questionnaire was tested by five lay‐people and in the field by 10 + five persons with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A test‐retest was performed on 62 outpatients with RA. The sensitivity of the adapted Danish version of RASE (RASE‐DK) was finally tested on 106 outpatients with RA – before, immediately after and three months after they had participated in a short self‐management course performed by a multidisciplinary team.Results: RASE‐DK showed good face validity, but ‘relaxation’ was interpreted in various ways. Internal consistency evaluated by Cronbach's alpha was 0.91. Reliability evaluated by the intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.88. A Bland–Altman plot showed good agreement. RASE‐DK, like the original English version of RASE, was not associated with disease activity (Disease Activity Score, DAS‐28) or disability (Health Assessment Questionnaire, HAQ), and correlated significantly with the Arthritis Self‐Efficacy Scale (ASES) subscales ‘other’ and ‘pain’, and total ASES. RASE‐DK showed a highly significant change, from baseline to immediately after participation in the short course (p < 0.001). The effect faded during the following three months.Conclusion: RASE‐DK met the appropriate standards for validity, reliability and sensitivity, and is appropriate for use in Denmark. However, the concept of self‐efficacy may be too abstract for a few individuals, and relaxation is interpreted in various ways by the Danish patients. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.