bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacology and immunological actions of a herbal medicine ASHMITM on allergic asthma
Authors: Zhang Tengfei , Srivastava Kamal , Wen Ming‐Chun , Yang Nan , Cao Jing , Busse Paula , Birmingham Neil , Goldfarb Joseph , Li Xiu‐Min 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAllergic asthma is a chronic and progressive inflammatory disease for which there is no satisfactory treatment. Studies reported tolerability and efficacy of an anti‐asthma herbal medicine intervention (ASHMI) for asthma patients, developed from traditional Chinese medicine. To investigate the pharmacological actions of ASHMI on early‐ and late‐phase airway responses (EAR and LAR), Ovalbumin (OVA)‐sensitized mice received 6 weeks of ASHMI treatment beginning 24 h following the first intratracheal OVA challenge. EAR were determined 30 min following the fourth challenge and LAR 48 h following the last challenge. ASHMI effects on cytokine secretion, murine tracheal ring contraction and human bronchial smooth muscle cell prostaglandin (PG) production were also determined.ASHMI abolished EAR, which was associated with significantly reduced histamine, leukotriene C4, and OVA‐specific IgE levels, as well as LAR, which was associated with significantly reduced bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) eosinophils, decreased airway remodeling, and lower Th2 cytokine levels in BALF and splenocyte cultures. Furthermore, ASHMI inhibited contraction of murine tracheal rings and increased production of the potent smooth muscle relaxer PGI2. ASHMI abrogation of allergic airway responses is associated with broad effects on asthma pathological mechanisms. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometric analysis of bacteriophage major capsid proteins with β‐mercaptoethanol pretreatment
Authors: McAlpin Casey R. , Cox Christopher R. , Matyi Stephanie A. , Voorhees Kent J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBacteriophage (phage) proteins have been analyzed previously with matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS). However, analysis of phage major capsid proteins (MCPs) has been limited by the ability to reproducibly generate ions from MCP monomers. While the acidic conditions of MALDI‐TOF MS sample preparation have been shown to aid in disassembly of some phage capsids, many require further treatment to successfully liberate MCP monomers. The findings presented here suggest that β‐mercaptoethanol reduction of the disulfide bonds linking phage MCPs prior to mass spectrometric analysis results in significantly increased MALDI‐TOF MS sensitivity and reproducibility of Yersinia pestis‐specific phage protein profiles. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sustainable development threats, inter‐sector conflicts and environmental policy requirements in the arid, mining rich, northern Chile territory
Authors: Oyarzún Jorge , Oyarzún Ricardo 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNorthern Chile has been an N–S arid to semiarid belt for more than 100 million years. Also, it is one of the world's most richly endowed territories in terms of Cu(Mo) porphyric deposits. Its mining output has steadily grown since the 1980s and has recently benefited from increased Asian demand and high Cu prices. The scarce water resources are allocated according to the 1981 act that emphasizes economic efficiency based on free transference between water‐right owners. As a result, water rights have attained peak market prices, at the US$200 000 level per l/s. Besides the consequences of the uneven mining–agricultural competition for water rights and the environmental effects of accelerated groundwater withdrawal, social unrest has locally attained serious levels, in particular in the Atacama Region. Therefore, the central government is considering significant changes to the present legislation, allowing a stronger participation of the state in water management issues. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
SSL‐enabled trusted communication: Spoofing and protecting the non‐cautious users
Authors: Qi Fang , Tang Zhe , Wang Guojun , Wu Jie 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe anti‐spoofing community has been intensively proposing new methods for defending against new web‐spoofing techniques. In this paper, we analyze the problems within current anti‐spoofing mechanisms, and propose a new SSL protected trust model. Then, we describe the attacks on SSL protected trusted communication. In this paper, we also propose the new Automatic Detecting Security Indicator scheme (ADSI) to defend against spoofing attacks on SSL protected web servers. In a secure transaction, ADSI will randomly choose a picture and embed it into the current web browser at a random place. This can be triggered by any security relevant event that has occurred on the browser, and then automatic checking will be performed on the current active security status. When a mismatch of embedded pictures is detected, an alarm goes off to alert the users. Since an adversary is hard to replace or mimic the randomly embedded picture, the web‐spoofing attack cannot be mounted easily. In comparison with existing schemes, (1) the proposed scheme has the weakest security assumption, and places a very low burden on the user by automating the process of detection and recognition of web‐spoofing for SSL‐enabled trusted communication; (2) it has little intrusiveness on the browser; and (3) it can be implemented in a trusted PC at an Internet Cafe. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zu Verbundbrücken mit integralen Widerlagern
Authors: Feldmann Markus , Pak Daniel 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBei Entwurf und Planung von Brückenbauwerken stehen neben der Tragsicherheit und Gebrauchstauglichkeit auch die Fragen der Nachhaltigkeit, Wirtschaftlichkeit und Instandhaltung im Fokus. Verbundbrücken mit integrierten Widerlagern sind deswegen eine wirtschaftliche Alternative. Sie erweisen sich als günstiger im Bau und Unterhalt, da Lager und Fugen, welche einen großen Anteil an den Gesamtwartungskosten des Bauwerks ausmachen, fehlen. Jedoch konnten bisher in den meisten europäischen Ländern nur wenige Erfahrungen mit integralen Widerlagerbrücken, insbesondere in Verbundbauweise, gesammelt werden, so dass die Verbreitung dieses Brückentyps nur zögerlich erfolgt. Durch Forschungsarbeiten, über die auszugsweise in dem Aufsatz berichtet wird, können offene Punkte bei der Bemessung weiter geklärt werden, so dass die Vorteile langfristig sinkender Instandhaltungskosten besser ausgenutzt werden können.Integral abutment bridges.Within the design and construction of bridges, questions of sustainability, maintenance and durability become more and more important for European road administrations in addition to safety and serviceability issues. Therefore integral abutment bridges turn out to become highly attractive to designers, constructors and road administrations. The main reason for this is that they tend to be less expensive to build, easier to maintain and more economical to own over their life time. This is principally due to the non‐existence of bearings and joints, that are main sources of maintenance costs during life time. However, in most European countries only few experience with integral bridges has been gained so far. Thus road administrations often are reluctant in using types of bridges like this. Nowadays this lack is more and more filled. Therefore with further assessment the share of integral abutment bridges in the European bridge stock has the potential to increase significantly with the advantage of reduced maintenance costs.
Cyclin C Regulates Human Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cell Quiescence
Authors: Miyata Yasuhiko , Liu Yan , Jankovic Vladimir , Sashida Goro , Lee Jennifer May , Shieh Jae-Hung , Naoe Tomoki , Moore Malcolm , Nimer Stephen D. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can remain quiescent or they can enter the cell cycle, and either self-renew or differentiate. Although cyclin C and cyclin dependent kinase (cdk3) are essential for the transition from the G0 to the G1 phase of the cell cycle in human fibroblasts, the role of cyclin C in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) is not clear. We have identified an important role of cyclin C (CCNC) in regulating human HSPC quiescence, as knocking down CCNC expression in human cord blood CD34+ cells resulted in a significant increase in quiescent cells that maintain CD34 expression. CCNC knockdown also promotes in vitro HSPC expansion and enhances their engraftment potential in sublethally irradiated immunodeficient mice. Our studies establish cyclin C as a critical regulator of the G0/G1 transition of human HSPCs and suggest that modulating cyclin C levels may be useful for HSC expansion and more efficient engraftment.
How do technology‐enhanced inquiry science units impact classroom learning?
Authors: Lee Hee‐Sun , Linn Marcia C. , Varma Keisha , Liu Ou Lydia 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe investigated how student understanding of complex science topics was impacted when 27 teachers switched from typical to inquiry instruction in a delayed cohort comparison design study. For the same set of science topics, the teachers used typical methods of instruction in the first year and online, visualization rich inquiry units in the second year. Both cohorts of students were tested on knowledge integration at the end of both school years. We obtained students' knowledge integration estimates by applying an Item Response Theory analysis based on a Rasch Partial Credit Model. We used a mixed effects analysis of variance to investigate effects related to inquiry instruction, teaching context, and science course. We found significant main effects of inquiry instruction and teaching context as well as significant interaction effects between inquiry instruction and science course and between inquiry instruction and teaching context on student knowledge integration. We triangulate these findings with teacher surveys, interview transcripts and project records to explore potential factors associated with successful implementation of inquiry instruction. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 47: 71–90, 2010
Non‐mathematical problem solving in organic chemistry
Authors: Cartrette David P. , Bodner George M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDifferences in problem‐solving ability among organic chemistry graduate students and faculty were studied within the domain of problems that involved the determination of the structure of a molecule from the molecular formula of the compound and a combination of IR and 1H NMR spectra. The participants' performance on these tasks was compared across variables that included amount of research experience, year of graduate study, and level of problem‐solving confidence. Thirteen of the 15 participants could be classified as either “more successful” or “less successful.” The participants in this study who were “more successful” adopted consistent approaches to solving the problems; were more likely to draw molecular fragments obtained during intermediate stages in the problem‐solving process; were better at mining the spectral data; and were more likely to check their final answer against the spectra upon which the answer was based. Experience from research, teaching, and course work were found to be important factors influencing the level of participants' success. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 47:643–660, 2010
Inquiry‐based science instruction—what is it and does it matter? Results from a research synthesis years 1984 to 2002
Authors: Minner Daphne D. , Levy Abigail Jurist , Century Jeanne 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe goal of the Inquiry Synthesis Project was to synthesize findings from research conducted between 1984 and 2002 to address the research question, What is the impact of inquiry science instruction on K–12 student outcomes? The timeframe of 1984 to 2002 was selected to continue a line of synthesis work last completed in 1983 by Bredderman [Bredderman [1983] Review of Educational Research 53: 499–518] and Shymansky, Kyle, and Alport [Shymansky et al. [1983] Journal of Research in Science Teaching 20: 387–404], and to accommodate a practicable cut‐off date given the research project timeline, which ran from 2001 to 2006. The research question for the project was addressed by developing a conceptual framework that clarifies and specifies what is meant by “inquiry‐based science instruction,” and by using a mixed‐methodology approach to analyze both numerical and text data describing the impact of instruction on K–12 student science conceptual learning. Various findings across 138 analyzed studies indicate a clear, positive trend favoring inquiry‐based instructional practices, particularly instruction that emphasizes student active thinking and drawing conclusions from data. Teaching strategies that actively engage students in the learning process through scientific investigations are more likely to increase conceptual understanding than are strategies that rely on more passive techniques, which are often necessary in the current standardized‐assessment laden educational environment. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 47: 474–496, 2010
System thinking skills at the elementary school level
Authors: Assaraf Orit Ben‐Zvi , Orion Nir 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis study deals with the development of system thinking skills at the elementary school level. It addresses the question of whether elementary school students can deal with complex systems. The sample included 40 4th grade students from one school in a small town in Israel. The students studied an inquiry‐based earth systems curriculum that focuses on the hydro‐cycle. The program involved lab simulations and experiments, direct interaction with components and processes of the water cycle in the outdoor learning environment and knowledge integration activities. Despite the students' minimal initial system thinking abilities, most of them made significant progress with their ability to analyze the hydrological earth system to its components and processes. As a result, they recognized interconnections between components of a system. Some of the students reached higher system thinking abilities, such as identifying interrelationships among several earth systems and identifying hidden parts of the hydrological system. The direct contact with real phenomena and processes in small scale scenarios enabled these students to create a concrete local water cycle, which could later be expanded into large scale abstract global cycles. The incorporation of outdoor inquiry‐based learning with lab inquiry‐based activities and knowledge integration assignments contributed to the 4th grade students' capacity to develop basic system thinking abilities at their young age. This suggests that although system thinking is regarded as a high order thinking skill, it can be developed to a certain extent in elementary school. With a proper long‐term curriculum, these abilities can serve as the basis for the development of higher stages of system thinking at the junior–high/middle school level. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 47: 540–563, 2010
Chocolate fortunes: The battle for the hearts, minds, and wallets of China's consumers
Authors: Allen Lawrence L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe emerging China market was a level playing field for all of the Big Five chocolate companies when they arrived in the 1980s. Chinese consumers viewed chocolate as an exotic foreign product, so each of the chocolate manufacturers enjoyed the same level of prestige and credibility that China's inexperienced consumers associated with foreign goods. Retail prices were relatively high and manufacturing costs relatively low, so none found pricing and cost to be barriers to entry. Importantly, each was flying blind when it came to consumer and market information, and by the seat of their pants when dealing with China's mercurial economic and regulatory environment. How the executives of the Big Five applied the experience, management skills, and leadership capabilities they brought to China would be decisive in how each approached the emerging consumer market and whether they ultimately succeeded. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The most exciting thing: Researcher ethics and personal ethics
Authors: Ballard Robert L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis autoethnographic chapter explores the thoughts, feelings, desires, and ethical struggles of the author when he rode along with a patrol officer and saw a dead body. Drawing on communication ethics, the author problematizes his ethics, faith, identity, and personal desires. He learns it is important for researchers to consider their personal ethical constitution while in the field.
The spirit that strengthens me: Merging the “life of the mind” with “life in the spirit”
Authors: Hendrix Katherine Grace 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTraditional Christian hymns and journal entries are intertwined to illustrate how the author's faith sustains and allows her to meet the challenges and triumphs of academia. Lyrics and excerpts from journal entries are the foundation for discussing obstacles, gratitude, and resilience as a black female in academia.
Spatial dynamics of Norwegian tetraonid populations
Authors: Kvasnes Mikkel A. J. , Storaas Torstein , Pedersen Hans Chr. , Bjørk Svein , Nilsen Erlend B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDifferent species in a given site or population of a given species in different sites may fluctuate in synchrony if they are affected similarly by factors such as spatially autocorrelated climate, predation, or by dispersal between populations of one species. We used county wise time series of hunting bag records of four Norwegian tetraonid species covering 24 years to examine patterns of interspecific and intraspecific synchrony. We estimated synchrony at three spatial scales; national, regional (consisting of counties with similar climate), and county level. Ecologically related species with overlapping distributions exhibited strong synchrony across Norway, but there was much variation between the different regions and counties. Regions with a long coastline to both the North Sea and the Norwegian Ocean exhibited an overall stronger synchrony than those consisting of more continental areas. Intraspecific synchrony was generally low across all counties, but stronger synchrony between counties within regions defined by climatic conditions. Synchrony was negatively related to distance between populations in three of four species. Only the synchrony in willow ptarmigan showed a clear negative relationship with distance, while the other species had both strong positive and negative correlations at short distances. Strong interspecific synchrony between some species pairs within regions and weak intraspecific synchrony across counties within regions suggest a stronger synchronizing effect from environmental factors such as weather or predation and less effect from dispersal. Our results suggest that the complete tetraonid community is structured by environmental factors affecting the different species similarly and causes widespread interspecific synchrony. Local factors affecting the population dynamics nevertheless frequently forces neighbouring populations out of phase.
Molekulare Charakterisierung der Ichthyosen
Authors: Oji V. , Traupe H. , Hennies H.C. 
Published: December 2009

ZusammenfassungIchthyosen umfassen eine ätiologisch heterogene Gruppe von genetisch bedingten Verhornungsstörungen, die die gesamte Haut betreffen und durch Hyperkeratose und/oder sichtbare Schuppung charakterisiert sind. Die Grundlagenforschung der vergangenen Jahre führte zur genetischen Aufklärung fast aller Ichthyoseformen und verbesserte die diagnostischen Möglichkeiten enorm. Hilfreiche Anlaufstellen für Ärzte und Patienten in Deutschland bieten das Netzwerk für Ichthyosen und verwandte Keratinisierungsstörungen (NIRK, www.netzwerk-ichthyose.de) und die Selbsthilfe Ichthyose e. V. (www.ichthyose.de) an. Im August 2009 wurde die weltweit erste Ichthyosekonsensusklassifikation verabschiedet. Deren Nosologie orientiert sich am klinischen Erscheinungsbild, berücksichtigt aber gleichzeitig die pathogenetischen Aspekte. Die grundlegende Einteilung basiert auf der Unterscheidung von syndromalen und nichtsyndromalen Formen. Bislang kontroverse Krankheitsnamen wurden neu definiert: Ichthyosen, die durch Keratinmutationen bedingt sind, werden unter dem neuen Überbegriff keratinopathische Ichthyose (KPI) geführt. Hierunter fallen die epidermolytische (Mutation in Keratin 1 oder 10) und die superfizielle epidermolytische Ichthyose (Keratin 2). Die Bezeichnung autosomal-rezessive kongenitale Ichthyose (ARCI) wird als ein Überbegriff für Harlekin-Ichthyose und für die Gruppe der lamellären Ichthyose und kongenitalen ichthyosiformen Erythrodermie verwendet. Die internationale Klassifikation soll als Referenz für zukünftige Untersuchungen der Erkrankungen dienen, z. B. bei Studien zur weiteren Genotyp-Phänotyp-Korrelation.
A regularity criterion for the 3D NSE in a local version of the space of functions of bounded mean oscillations
Authors: Grujić Zoran , Guberović Rafaela 
Published: December 2009

A spatio-temporal localization of the
BMO
-version of the Beale–Kato–Majda criterion for the regularity of solutions to the 3D Navier–Stokes equations obtained by Kozono and Taniuchi, i.e., the time-integrability of the
BMO
-norm of the vorticity, is presented.

Résumé

Une localisation spatio-temporelle de la version
BMO
du critère de Beale–Kato–Majda pour la régularité des solutions des équations de Navier–Stokes obtenue par Kozono et Taniuchi, c.-à-d., l'intégrabilité en temps de la norme
BMO
de la vorticité, est présentée.
On the Schrödinger–Maxwell equations under the effect of a general nonlinear term
Authors: Pomponio A. , Azzollini A. , d'Avenia P. 
Published: December 2009

In this paper we prove the existence of a nontrivial solution to the nonlinear Schrödinger–Maxwell equations in

\mathbb{R}^{3}

, assuming on the nonlinearity the general hypotheses introduced by Berestycki and Lions.

Résumé

Dans cet article on démontre l'existence d'une solution non-banale et positive pour les équations non-linéaires de Schrödinger–Maxwell dans

\mathbb{R}^{3}

en supposant que le terme non-linéaire satisfait les hypothèses introduites par Berestycki et Lions.