bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Varying Leaf Area by Partial Defoliation and Plant Density on Dry Matter Production in Corn1
Authors: Hoyt Paul , Bradfield Richard 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisThe net assimilation rate of corn was linear to leaf area index when this was less than 2.7 but declined rapidly when it was above that value. In a stand with a leaf area index of 3.3, dry matter produced per square meter of leaf area from grain initiation to maturity by the top, middle, and bottom leaves was of the ratio 4:2.2:1.
Effect of Nitrogen Rate and Clipping Frequency on Yield of Pensacola Bahiagrass1
Authors: Beaty E. R. , Powell John D. , Brown R. H. , Ethredge W. J. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisForage production of Pensacola bahiagrass was increased by nitrogen fertilization up to 200 pounds of N per acre. Six‐week intervals between harvests resulted in higher yields than 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, or 4‐week intervals. The leaf‐to‐seed stalk ratio was not affected by either the N fertilization or clipping interval.
Influence of Time of Harvest on Yield of Dry Matter and Predicted Digestibility of Four Forage Grasses1
Authors: Austenson H. M. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisFirst harvest yields of orchardgrass, perennial ryegrass, and tall fescue increased at nearly uniform rates up to full bloom and rose relatively little after that. Timothy had the same growth rate, but extended over a longer time. It outyielded other species at heading and flowering stages. Most uniform seasonal distribution of pasture yield was provided by ryegrass and timothy. Digestible dry matter of each species, predicted by the regressions of other investigators, was maximum at full bloom.
Responses of the Sugar Beet to Low Soil Moisture at Two Levels of Nitrogen Nutrition1
Authors: Loomis R. S. , Worker G. F. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisMoisture stress reduced vegetative growth and increased sucrose concentration (fresh basis) in the roots of sugar beet plants grown at high and low levels of N nutrition. Beet purity and sucrose yield were increased by N deficiency but not by moisture stress. Effects of the two factors were independent and additive. Changes in sucrose concentration are interpreted on an osmotic basis.
Soil Salinity Effects on the Chemical Composition of the Oil and the Oil Content of Safflower Seed1
Authors: Yermanos D. M. , Francois L. E. , Bernstein L. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisSoil salinity depressed oil content, seed weight, protein content, and the seed contribution to total yield of the tertiary heads. It increased percent hull content of the seed but did not affect the fatty acid composition of the oil.
Effect of Cutting Height on Alfalfa and Two Grasses as Related to Production, Persistence, and Available Soil Moisture1
Authors: Van Riper G. E. , Owen F. G. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisHeight of cut affects the botanical composition, plant height, and the total carbohydrate food reserves of grass swards. Grasses grown with alfalfa were 7.96 to 8.32 percentage units lower in total available carbohydrates than grasses grown in pure stands. Cutting height affected the soil moisture use under the forages.
Effects of Cutting Frequency of Orchardgrass and Nitrogen Rate on Yield, Plant Nutrient Composition, and Removal1
Authors: Mortensen W. P. , Baker A. S. , Dermanis P. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisNitrogen fertilization greatly increased dry matter and crude protein yields over a 4‐year period. Less frequent harvest improved the efficiency of N in terms of dry matter production but had negligible effect on crude protein. Plant nutrient removal by the forage was directly related to N rate. Separate of N, the K content and removal in forage were much more affected by N fertilization than were those of other nutrients.
Effect of Nitrate and Ammonium on Growth of Corn in Nutrient Solution Sand Culture
Authors: Bennett William F. , Pesek John , Hanway John J. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisNitrate was superior to ammonium as a source of N during the first 4 to 9 weeks of growth of corn in 2 greenhouse experiments. Part of the cause was the deleterious effect of ammonium on the growth and condition of the root system.
Response of Corn to Nitrogen in Oxamide and Ammonium Nitrate in Greenhouse Experiments1
Authors: Engelstad O. P. , Hunt C. M. , Terman G. L. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisRecovery of N by a single crop of corn from oxamide mixed with the soil decreased with increase in granule size, but total recovery by 3 successive crops was similar for several sizes of oxamide. Similar high recoveries of N by a single corn crop resulted from mixed application of the fine oxamide, urea, NH4NO3, and (NH4)2SO4. Recovery from surface‐applied urea and fine oxamide was much lower.
Shattering, Moisture Content and Seed Temperature of Soybeans as Influenced by Row Direction1
Authors: Prine G. M. , West S. H. , Hinson K. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisOgden soybeans had 80% of seed shattering from the south side of east‐west rows and 58% from the west side of north‐south rows. There was no difference in seed yield or amount of shattering between the two row directions studied. Seed temperatures were higher on the sides of rows where greatest shattering occurred. Average moisture content of seed was lower on north‐south rows suggesting that seed in these rows would be ready to harvest earlier than in east‐west rows.
Barley Production Under Various Nitrogen and Moisture Levels1
Authors: Stanberry Chauncy O. , Lowrey Mark 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisA three‐year barley study with irrigation and nitrogen variables at Yuma, Arizona, demonstrated the importance of investigating components leading to yield such as: plants per unit area, heads per plant, seeds per head, and individual size or weight per seed. Nitrogen rate increased barley yields appreciably, predominantly by increasing heads per plant and seeds per head. Moisture utilization efficiency—pounds of grain per acre‐inch of water—was favored by higher N rates and the drier moisture regimes.
Effect of Soil Temperature on the Response of Winter Wheat to Phosphorus Fertilization1
Authors: Gingrich Joe R. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisYield of dry matter was affected very little by applications of phosphate fertilizers when soil temperatures were maintained at 50° F. regardless of available phosphorus in the soil. At 65° and 80° F. soil temperatures, applications of phosphate doubled the yield of dry matter on a low phosphorus soil and had a variable effect on the high phosphorus soil. Phosphorus percentage of the top growth was not affected by soil temperature but was increased considerably by the application of phosphate to the soil.
Coleoptile Length, Seed Size, and Emergence in Intermediate Wheatgrass (Agropyron intermedium (Host) Beauv.)1
Authors: Hunt O. J. , Miller D. G. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisSeed size, coleoptile length, emergence, and seedling height varied widely in intermediate wheatgrass. High positive correlations were found among all characters. Variance for general combining ability was high. Analysis of a diallel cross indicated a strong maternal influence on coleoptile length. A discussion of the potential for improvement and methods for improving these characters is presented.
Dry Matter and Protein Yields and Nitrate Content of Piper Sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf.) in Response to Nitrogen Fertilization1
Authors: Summer D. C. , Martin W. E. , Etchegaray H. S. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisThe experiments conducted suggest that 200 pounds of nitrogen is about the optimum as a split application when pasturing or greenchopping irrigated Piper sudangrass. Greater amounts do not appreciably increase yields but do account for relatively high rates of accumulated nitrate (NO3‐) in the harvested forage.
Effects of Repeated Drought Periods on Photosynthesis and Survival of Cereal Seedlings1
Authors: Todd Glenn W. , Webster Daniel L. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisThere were no significant differences in photosynthetic rate among wheat varieties differing in drought hardiness although slightly higher rates were obtained at lower turgor for nearly all cereal varieties after they had been subjected to a single drought period. Photosynthetic rates paralleled moisture stress during successive drought periods. A method of screening for relative drought hardiness among wheat varieties was devised and tested and this correlated well with known field hardiness.
Phosphorus Nutrition of Italian Ryegrass Relative to Growth, Moisture Content, and Mineral Constituents1
Authors: Hylton L. O. , Ulrich A. , Cornelius D. R. , Okhi K. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisPlant growth and the absorption of P by Italian ryegrass from nutrient solution was affected by P supply, whereas the distribution and accumulation of P within the ryegrass was largely determined by the kind of, and age of, tissue sampled. Blade 1, the youngest blade that was fully open and had a ligule, and H2PO4‐P were selected, from 6 plant parts sampled and 2 forms of P determined, as the best combination to diagnose the P status of Italian ryegrass. About 750 ppm of H2PO4‐P in blade 1 tissue was tentatively set as the critical concentration for growth of the ryegrass.
Frequency and Rate of Irrigation as Factors in Forage Growth and Water Absorption1
Authors: Lucey Robert F. , Tesar Milo B. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisAlfalfa irrigated with 3 inches of water whenever available soil moisture to an 18‐inch depth was 60, 40, 20, or 0% produced relative yields of 100, 81, 63, and 37%. Moisture absorption was greatest in upper 6 inches of soil and decreased when available soil moisture dropped to 25 to 30%. Below 15% available soil moisture, plants showed moisture stress and rate of stem elongation dropped almost to nil. Similar water efficiency in production of top growth, decreased production, and rate of stem elongation as soil approached the permanent wilting point indicates that water is not equally available between field capacity and permanent wilting point.
Effects of Seeding Rate and Chemical Weed Control on Establishment and Subsequent Growth of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and Birdsfoot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.)1
Authors: Wakefield R. C. , Skaland Nils 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisPlant size and yields of both alfalfa and birdsfoot trefoil were influenced by weed control treatments and seeding rates during the season of establishment. Pre‐emergence control of weeds increased first year yields of both legumes, had no effect on plant numbers but increased size of root‐crowns. Plants were larger at low seeding rates, particularly where weeds were controlled, and initial yields were comparable to those at higher seeding rates. Second year yields were influenced more by plant numbers than size of root‐crowns.
Effects of Nitrogen Level and Osmotic Pressure of the Nutrient Solution on Incidence of Puccinia graminis and Helminthosporium sativum Infection in Merion Kentucky Bluegrass1
Authors: Cheesman Jerry H. , Roberts Eliot C. , Tiffany Lois H. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisMerion bluegrass grown in solution culture produced lower yields of foliage under low levels of nitrogen and high levels of osmotic pressure than when treated with high nitrogen and low osmotic pressures. Turf was resistant to inoculation with Puccinia graminis Pers. at all treatment combinations. Numbers of Helminthosporium sativum Pammel, King, and Bakke lesions per leaf blade and average size of lesions increased with increasing levels of nitrogen and decreasing osmotic pressure.
Root Development of Wheat, Oats, and Barley Under Conditions of Soil Moisture Stress1
Authors: Salim Muhammad H. , Todd Glenn W. , Schlehuber A. M. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisExtent of root growth of cereal plants was highly correlated with the soil moisture level. With oats, wheat, or barley, little penetration of soils at or below the permanent wilting point occurred, but penetration by side‐oats grama and sand lovegrass under the same conditions was fairly extensive. Leaf growth continued after root extension ceased on the most drought‐susceptible oat and wheat varieties.
Evaluation of Corn Silage Harvested at Two Stages of Maturity1
Authors: Bryant H. T. , Blaser R. E. , Hammes R. C. , Huber J. T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effect of harvesting an early maturing corn hybrid when the grain was at the milk, as compared to well dented, on chemical composition, ear to plant ratio, grain and silage yield, digestibilities, palatability, and milk production was studied for 2 years. The ears of corn at the latter harvest as compared to the earlier harvest made up a considerably larger portion of the total silage yield. Correspondingly, the leaves, stalks, and husks were a smaller portion of the mature than of the immature corn plants. There was a large incrcease in silage and grain yields by delaying harvest to a more mature stage of growth. Each year the crude protein and crude fiber were significantly lower and the nitrogen‐free extract significantly higher for the silage harvested at the mature as compared to the immature stage. The total digestible nutrients values were slightly higher for the corn cut at the dent stage. The mature silage was more palatable than the immature silage.The persistency of milk production of the cows fed mature silage was slightly higher than for those fed immature silage.
Photosynthesis Under Field Conditions. VIII. Analysis of Windspeed Fluctuation Data to Evaluate Turbulent Exchange Within a Corn Crop1
Authors: Wright J. L. , Lemon E. R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTurbulent transfer within a crop of corn was characterized by an aerodynamic approach. The distributions of windspeed within an immature and a mature crop were measured using both cup and heated thermocouple anemometers. A combination of the statistical and mixing‐ length theories was employed to analyze the wind data for transfer coefficients.Eulerian time scales of turbulence were calculated from the windspeed fluctuations of selected 30‐second periods of semi‐steady wind. Momentum transfer coefficients were determined from the scale of turbulence by equating it to the mixing length and assuming isotropy. The resulting values were as large as 8,000 cm2 sec−1. The shearing stress profiles calculated with these values had unrealistically sharp maximums just below the top of the crop. This anomaly was considered an artifact of the method resulting from extreme anisotropy in the turbulent shear flow.The K values obtained by the statistical mixing length method were approximately ten times larger than those determined by logarithmic profile analysis. The latter values were considered more nearly correct and were used as a basis for correcting the other values.The results showed that the magnitude of turbulent transfer is several orders of magnitude greater than molecular diffusion even at levels deep within the crop. The transfer coefficient showed a marked attenuation with depth below the top of the corn but remained a function of windspeed at all heights.
Effect of Boron on White Clover (Trifolium repens, L.) Seed Production1
Authors: Johnson Wiley C. , Wear John I. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn a coarse‐textured soil with a water‐soluble boron content of 0.10 ppm, the addition of boron at the rate of 560.7 g/ha significantly increased white clover seed production. This response was due entirely to an increase in the number of seed per seed head. No increase in seed yield was obtained with higher rates of B or other trace elements. There was no effect of boron or other minor element additions on forage production.
Investigations into the Nature of Thatch and Methods for its Decomposition1
Authors: Ledeboer F. B. , Skogley C. R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe rate of thatch decay in turf was investigated following treatment with certain mono‐ and disaccharides in combination with calcium and fertilizer. In a field study on 15‐year‐old velvet bentgrass putting turf, sucrose treatments decreased turf quality and modified the stimulating effects of fertilizer. Lime had no influence on turf quality. Sucrose tended to increase the incidence of dollar spot disease, while fertilizer decreased it.In a greenhouse study on heavily thatched lawn sod, glucose, cellulase, and soil topdressings did not affect turf quality. No increase in thatch decomposition was obtained in these experiments. Chemical analysis of the thatch gave an average lignin content 10% higher than that reported for cereal straws and 12 to 13% greater than for live top growth.An investigation into the physical thatch structure showed that sclerified vascular strands of stems and leaf sheaths were more resistant to decay than clippings or sloughed leaves. Nodes and crown tissues were most resistant. Intact fibrous roots were numerous in the upper thatch layer; only few extended through the thatch into the soil.
Residue of Bensulide in Turfgrass Soil Following Annual Treatments for Crabgrass Control1
Authors: Bingham S. W. , Schmidt R. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA series of experiments was used to evaluate bensulide treatments in terms of crabgrass control, soil residue, leaching and effect on seedling establishment. Annual treatments of 16.8 kg/ha (15 lb/acre) of bensulide gave continuous preemergence control of crabgrass (reseeded annually) in bentgrass turf. The turfgrass vigor was improved through crabgrass control as compared to untreated plots with competing crabgrass. Bensulide residue in the soil was determined by a bioassay developed by measuring the rate of root growth of milo from seed. With the granular formulation large amounts of bensulide were found in the soil at eleven months after the fourth annual application. Detectable quantities were obtained to depths of 12.75 cm. The emulsifiable concentrate treatments did not persist for eleven months following the fourth application in detectable quantities in the soil.Soil properties affected the response of milo to bensulide. It was demonstrated that more bensulide was required to produce injury to milo roots in soil from the surface layer (0‐2.5 cm) than in soil from lower layers. Milo phytotoxicity was inversely related to organic matter and nutrient content of the soil.Three dates of planting five turfgrass species following herbicide treatment were evaluated. Bensulide affected all species planted on the day of treatment but all species emerged well when planted 30 to 60 days after herbicide application to the soil surface.
Yield and Sugar Production by Sugar Beets as Affected by Leaf Area Variations Induced by Stand Density and Nitrogen Fertilization1
Authors: Campbell R. E. , Viets F. G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSugar beets (Beta vulgaris L.) were grown in combinations of three stand densities with four rates of N application during the season and the leaf area and production of dry weight and sugar measured at weekly intervals to determine the effects of superoptimal N fertilization on beet growth and quality at Huntley, Montana. The highest sugar percentage and yield of extractable sugar were produced without N fertilization with beets 46 cm apart in the row. The highest extractable sugar yields were associated with the lowest leaf area index both at harvest and throughout the season, with the lowest leaf area duration, and with the lowest top:root ratios on a dry‐weight basis. Net assimilation rates per unit of leaf area were negatively correlated with leaf area index and leaf area duration. Optimum leaf area index did not appear to be much above 1.9 at October harvest or above 3 at any time during the season. Although the best beets were produced without N fertilization on this fertile soil, lower rates of N than those used might have been beneficial. High N rates produced more leaf area and higher total use of sunlight, as measured by total dry weight production, but resulted in lower sugar yields and juice purity. The net photosynthesis was calculated to be only about one‐third of the theoretical total photosynthesis for the climatic conditions.
Aluminum Tolerance of Two Barley Varieties in Nutrient Solution, Peat, and Soil Culture1
Authors: MacLeod L. B. , Jackson L. P. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract‘Charlottetown 80’ and ‘Herta’ barley were grown in nutrient solution (pH 4.3) with 0, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 ppm of added aluminum, in peat at pH values of 4.3, 5.5, and 6.2 each with 0, 3, 6, and 12 ppm of added Al, and in mineral soil at pH values of 4.7, 5.5, and 6.5. Actual concentrations of aluminum ion in solution were 0, 0.7, 1.5, 2.2, 2.6, and 3.0 ppm. Using the yield of Charlottetown 80 at 0 ppm as l00%, the yields of tops for the above Al concentrations were 100, 100, 96, 93, 49, and 42% for Charlottetown 80 and 41, 49, 32, 31, 20, and 23%, respectively, for Herta. Corresponding root yields were 100, 112, 113, 111, 76, and 66% (Charlottetown 80) and 42, 48, 39, 32, 24, and 31% (Herta). Saturation extracts from peat (pH 4.3) contained 2.0 ppm Al which reduced the top and root yields to 56 and 43% and 55 and 43% for Charlottetown 80 and Herta, respectively. Heavy fertilization reduced root yields in unlimed soil and increased root yields in limed soil. Percent K, Ca, and Mg in tops and roots decreased while percent Al increased with increasing Al concentration. Both uptake and translocation of P decreased with increasing Al concentration.
Curing Coastal Bermudagrass Hay: Effects of Weather, Yield, and Quality of Fresh Herbage on Drying Rate, Yield, and Quality of Cured Hay1
Authors: Hart Richard H. , Burton Glenn W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMoisture losses and changes in yield and quality of 64 lots of Coastal bermudagrass hay were studied during curing. Water content of grass after a day of curing was significantly influenced by initial water content, vapor pressure deficit of the air, solar radiation, and yield; there was a significant interaction of initial water content with the other three factors. Water content of the grass might increase or decrease during the night, depending upon water content at the end of the previous day, vapor pressure deficit, and yield. Dry matter yield and crude protein and digestible dry matter content decreased slightly in good curing weather and sharply in rainy weather. Carotene losses were associated with total radiation received during curing. We concluded that rain during curing would produce greater losses in quality than delaying harvest until better weather was predicted.
Persistence of Birdsfoot Trefoil under Pasture Conditions1
Authors: Templeton W. C. , Buck C. F. , Wattenbarger D. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBehavior of birdsfoot trefoil in association with Kentucky bluegrass during a 12‐year period is described. From 1962 to 1966 spring managemenst schemes, each permitting natural reseeding in summer, were compared. Under conditions favorable for reseeding birdsfoot trefoil shows promise for pasture improvement in some areas where its use has not been considered feasible.
Effect of Viewing Angle on Canopy Temperature Measurements with Infrared Thermometers1
Authors: Fuchs M. , Kanemasu E. T. , Kerr J. P. , Tanner C. B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCrop surface temperatures were measured with infrared thermometers at various viewing angles and for a range of solar zenith angles. The temperature readings of crops with continuous and uniform canopies were not related to the above angles. In the case of open row crops, the side of the row facing the sun was 1 to 3 C warmer than the shaded side.