bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum Lipid Profile status of Type 2 Diabetic Patients in the cross section population in Dhaka City of Bangladesh
Authors: Sarkar Bidan Chandra , Saha Hasi Rani , Azad AK , Sana Niranjan Kumar , Choudhury Subhagata 
Published: July 2012

Objectives: Serum lipid profile viz the level of total cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol of type2 diabetic patients have been studied and compares them with levels of control subjects. Results: The mean value of the TG level for male diabetics was higher than that for the female diabetics and the mean values of TC, HDL-C and LDL-C were not found significantly different between male and female diabetics. Hyperlipidemia has a documented causative relation with CAD, but the major risk associated with diabetes may be due to the associated hyperlipidemia. The study revealed that dyslipidemia is very common in type2 diabetics and the most common abnormality observed was increased serum triglyceride levels (58%). The next common abnormality was decreased serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and increased serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. A high total serum cholesterol levels was found in 41% patients. 39% of the patients examined were overweight, and 7% were overtly obese. Conclusion: Thus, the study clearly shows the relationship between type2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia, which may influence the mechanism by which type2 diabetes is associated with increased CAD risk. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v11i2.11479 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 11 No. 02 April 2012: 121-125
Leaf size in three generations of a dioecious tropical tree, Ocotea tenera (Lauraceae): Sexual dimorphism and changes with age
Authors: Wheelwright Nathaniel T. , Sinclair Jordan P. , Hochwender Cris , Janzen Fredric J. 
Published: July 2012

• Premise of the study: In dioecious species, selection should favor different leaf sizes in males and females whenever the sexes experience distinct environments or constraints such as different costs of reproduction. We took advantage of a long‐term experimental study of Ocotea tenera (Lauraceae), a dioecious understory tree in Monteverde, Costa Rica, to explore leaf size differences between genders and age classes across generations.• Methods: We measured leaf size in adult trees in a natural population, in their adult F1 offspring in two experimental populations, and in their F2 offspring at the seedling stage. Individual trees were measured at various times over 20 yr.• Results: Leaves of female trees averaged 8% longer and 12% greater in area than those of males. Leaves were sexually dimorphic at reproductive maturity. Leaf size declined during the lifetime of most trees. Heritability estimates for leaf length were positive although not statistically significant (h2 = 0.63, SE = 0.48, P = 0.095).• Conclusions: We ruled out the ecological causation hypothesis for sexual dimorphism in leaf size because male and female trees co‐occurred in the same habitats. Sexual dimorphism appeared not to result from genetic or phenotypic correlations with other traits such as height or flower size. Rather, females appear to compensate for higher costs of reproduction and diminished photosynthetic capacity by producing larger leaves. Additive genetic variance in leaf size, a prerequisite for an evolutionary response to selection for sexual dimorphism, was suggested by positive (although only marginally significant) heritability estimates.
The Role of Properdin in Zymosan- andEscherichia coli-Induced Complement Activation
Authors: Harboe Morten , Garred Peter , Lindstad Julie K. , Pharo Anne , Müller Fredrik , Stahl Gregory L. , Lambris John D. , Mollnes Tom E. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractProperdin is well known as an enhancer of the alternative complement amplification loop when C3 is activated, whereas its role as a recognition molecule of exogenous pathogen-associated molecular patterns and initiator of complement activation is less understood. We therefore studied the role of properdin in activation of complement in normal human serum by zymosan and various Escherichia coli strains. In ELISA, microtiter plates coated with zymosan induced efficient complement activation with deposition of C4b and terminal complement complex on the solid phase. Virtually no deposition of C4b or terminal complement complex was observed with mannose-binding lectin (MBL)-deficient serum. Reconstitution with purified MBL showed distinct activation in both readouts. In ELISA, normal human serum-induced deposition of properdin by zymosan was abolished by the C3-inhibiting peptide compstatin. Flow cytometry was used to further explore whether properdin acts as an initial recognition molecule reacting directly with zymosan and three E. coli strains. Experiments reported by other authors were made with EGTA Mg2+ buffer, permitting autoactivation of C3. We found inhibition by compstatin on these substrates, indicating that properdin deposition depended on initial C3b deposition followed by properdin in a second step. Properdin released from human polymorphonuclear cells stimulated with PMA did not bind to zymosan or E. coli, but when incubated in properdin-depleted serum this form of properdin bound efficiently to both substrates in a strictly C3-dependent manner, as the binding was abolished by compstatin. Collectively, these data indicate that properdin in serum as well as polymorphonuclear-released properdin is unable to bind and initiate direct alternative pathway activation on these substrates.
Sialoadhesin Promotes Rapid Proinflammatory and Type I IFN Responses to a Sialylated Pathogen, Campylobacter jejuni
Authors: Klaas Mariliis , Oetke Cornelia , Lewis Leanne E. , Erwig Lars P. , Heikema Astrid P. , Easton Alistair , Willison Hugh J. , Crocker Paul R. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Sialoadhesin (Sn) is a macrophage (Mϕ)-restricted receptor that recognizes sialylated ligands on host cells and pathogens. Although Sn is thought to be important in cellular interactions of Mϕs with cells of the immune system, the functional consequences of pathogen engagement by Sn are unclear. As a model system, we have investigated the role of Sn in Mϕ interactions with heat-killed Campylobacter jejuni expressing a GD1a-like, sialylated glycan. Compared to Sn-expressing bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) from wild-type mice, BMDM from mice either deficient in Sn or expressing a non-glycan–binding form of Sn showed greatly reduced phagocytosis of sialylated C. jejuni. This was accompanied by a strong reduction in MyD88-dependent secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, and IL-10. In vivo studies demonstrated that functional Sn was required for rapid TNF-α and IFN-β responses to i.v.-injected sialylated C. jejuni. Bacteria were captured within minutes after i.v. injection and were associated with Mϕs in both liver and spleen. In the spleen, IFN-β–reactive cells were localized to Sn+ Mϕs and other cells in the red pulp and marginal zone. Together, these studies demonstrate that Sn plays a key role in capturing sialylated pathogens and promoting rapid proinflammatory cytokine and type I IFN responses.
Clashes and Compromises: Investment Policies in Tourism Destinations
Authors: Candela Guido , Castellani Massimiliano , Mussoni Maurizio 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The authors solve a linear problem where a potential conflict between two agents (Destination manager and Firm) arises in a tourism destination. The Destination manager has to choose how to allocate limited resources (capital and land) between either second homes or hotels. This conflict stems from the assumption of agents who have different linear preferences with respect to the allocation of limited resources. As a solution to this policy problem the authors consider three different policies: no intervention (laissez faire), taxation and temporary de-taxation policy. Comparing these different policies, they show that a compromise solution (internal solution), which results from the de-taxation policy, may be preferred by both agents over the clash of interests outcomes (corner solutions). Thus, the authors show that in a framework of “conflict” between agents a compromise solution may be preferable to both the absence of public intervention and the imposition of a tax by a public policy maker who has the discretionary “power to regulate” conflicts.
Shorter peripheral blood telomeres are a potential biomarker for patients with advanced colorectal adenomas
Authors: Riegert-Johnson Douglas L. , Boardman Lisa A. , Crook Julia E. , Thomas Colleen S. , Johnson Ruth A. , Roberts Maegan E. 
Published: July 2012

Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) can be prevented by the early detection and removal of advanced adenomas (AAs) by colonoscopy. Our aim was to evaluate peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) telomere length as a potential biomarker for the presence of AAs. Methods PBL telomere length was measured in patients with AAs (n=35), in a control group of similarly aged patients who had a normal colonoscopy (n=145) and in a separate population group with no history of cancer, again similarly aged (n=495). Telomere measurements were performed using a quantitative PCR assay and reported as ratios of telomere and single copy gene measurements. Results Telomere lengths tended to be lower in patients with AAs than in patients in the normal colonoscopy group (p<0.001) as well as those in the population group (p=0.011). A telomere/single copy gene ratio of 0.5 was found to have an estimated 94% sensitivity and a 56% specificity for AAs; a combination of sensitivity and specificity for which a value of >0.5 would reduce the odds of a patient having AAs by a factor of 0.11 (the negative likelihood ratio). Thirty three percent of individuals in the population group tested above this cutoff and could be considered at low risk for AAs. Conclusions PBL telomeres are shortened in patients with colorectal neoplasia, suggesting that PBL telomere length could be a promising non-invasive blood biomarker to pre-screen for risk of AAs prior to colonoscopy.
Insulin Glargine and Risk of Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Du Xinli , Zhang Rihua , Xue Yi , Li Dong , Cai Jinmei , Zhou Suming , Huang Zhengkai , Yu Rongbin , Liu Yun 
Published: July 2012

Aims Recently, more and more attention has been drawn on the long-term effects of insulin glargine. Here we strived to estimate the association of cancer occurrence with the use of insulin glargine. Methods We searched all the publications regarding the association between cancer occurrence and the use of insulin glargine using the US National Library of Medicine's PubMed database. Data were independently extracted and analyzed using random or fixed effects meta-analysis depending upon the degree of heterogeneity. Results Seven cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. Cancer occurrence had no significant difference in glargine-treated patients compared to patients treated with other insulins (RR=0.86, 95% CI=0.69–1.07, p=0.17, Pheterogeneity <0.00001). In our subgroup analysis, glargine, compared to other insulins, did not increase the risk of breast cancer (RR=1.14, 95% CI=0.65–2.02, p=0.65, Pheterogeneity=0.002), prostate cancer (RR=1.00, 95% CI=0.79–1.26, p=0.99, Pheterogeneity=0.78), pancreatic cancer (RR=0.57, 95% CI=0.14–2.35, p=0.44, Pheterogeneity=0.0002) and gastrointestinal cancer (RR=0.80, heterogeneity 95% CI=0.62–1.02, p=0.07, Pheterogeneity=0.86). Conclusions This meta-analysis of open-label studies does not support an increased cancer risk in patients treated with insulin glargine. The result provides confidence for the development of insulin glargine, but needs confirmation by further clinical studies.
Intracellular Human Papillomavirus E6, E7 mRNA Quantification Predicts CIN 2+ in Cervical Biopsies Better Than Papanicolaou Screening for Women Regardless of Age
Authors: Pierry Deirdre , Weiss Gerald , Lack Benjamin , Chen Victor , Fusco Judy 
Published: July 2012

Context.—Cervical cancer screening in women younger than 30 years relies on cervical cytology because of the poor performance of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing in this age group.Objectives.—To determine the performance of in-cell HPV E6, E7 mRNA quantification (HPV OncoTect) for the detection of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women younger than 30 years.Design.—We analyzed 3133 cytology specimens from a screening population of women aged 19–75 years investigate HPV OncoTect as a triage/secondary screening test for atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) cytology in women younger than 30 years. Test results were compared to histology in 246 cases.Results.—The sensitivity of E6, E7 mRNA was 89% for CIN 2+ and 100% for CIN 3+ lesions in women 30 years and older. In women younger than 30 years, the sensitivity of E6, E7 mRNA for CIN 2+ lesions was 88% for CIN 2+ and 92% for CIN 3+ lesions. Abnormal cytology (≥ASCUS) exhibited a sensitivity of 89% for CIN 2+ and 100% for CIN 3+ in women 30 years and older and 96% sensitivity for CIN 2+ and 93% sensitivity for CIN 3+ in women younger than 30. The specificity of E6, E7 mRNA was &gt;80% for CIN 2+ and CIN 3+ in both groups of women compared to a specificity of abnormal cytology of &lt;10% for CIN 2+ and CIN 3+ in both groups.Conclusions.—HPV OncoTect demonstrates a performance that would be effective for ASCUS/LSIL triage in women including those younger than 30 years.
Adaptive fuzzy output feedback backstepping control of pure‐feedback nonlinear systems via dynamic surface control technique
Authors: Tong Shaocheng , Li Yongming 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper, an adaptive fuzzy backstepping dynamic surface control approach is considered for a class of uncertain pure‐feedback nonlinear systems with immeasurable states. Fuzzy logic systems are first employed to approximate the unknown nonlinear functions, and then an adaptive fuzzy state observer is designed to estimate the immeasurable states. By the combination of the adaptive backstepping design with a dynamic surface control technique, an adaptive fuzzy output feedback backstepping control approach is developed. It is proven that all the signals of the resulting closed‐loop system are semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded, and the observer and tracking errors converge to a small neighborhood of the origin by choosing the design parameters appropriately. Simulation examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Refining psychiatric phenotypes for response to treatment: Contribution of LPHN3 in ADHD
Authors: Labbe Aurelie , Liu Andy , Atherton Juli , Gizenko Natalie , Fortier Marie‐Ève , Sengupta Sarojini M. , Ridha Joober 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAttention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by inappropriate levels of attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Although a strong genetic component to the disorder has been established, the molecular genetic underpinnings of this disorder remain elusive. Recently, several studies have reported an association between polymorphisms within the latrophilin 3 gene (LPHN3) and ADHD. Interestingly, the same single‐nucleotide polymorphism conferring susceptibility to ADHD has also been found to predict efficacy of stimulant medication in children. The main objectives of the current article are: (i) To tackle the phenotype heterogeneity issue in ADHD by defining an objective and quantitative measure of response to treatment in a sample of ADHD children based on a hand held automatic device (Actiwatch) and (ii) to use this measure to reproduce for the first time the association between LPHN3 variants and response to methylphenidate (MPH) using a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled crossover experimental design. The results of our study confirm the hypothesis that LPHN3 is associated with response to MPH in ADHD children. Although this will require further validation, our work suggests that the use of an objective measure of response to treatment, such as the change in the child's motor activity measured by Actiwatch, has the potential to uncover genetic association signals that in some conditions might not be obtained using more subjective measures, such as the clinical consensus rating, for example. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cortical Circuitry Associated With Reflex Cardiovascular Control in Humans: Does the Cortical Autonomic Network “Speak” or “Listen” During Cardiovascular Arousal
Authors: Shoemaker J. Kevin , Wong Savio W. , Cechetto David F. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBeginning with clinical evidence of fatal cardiac arrhythmias in response to severe stress, in epileptic patients, and following stroke, the role of the cerebral cortex in autonomic control of the cardiovascular system has gained both academic and clinical interest. Studies in anesthetized rodents have exposed the role of several forebrain regions involved in cardiovascular control. The introduction of functional neuroimaging techniques has enabled investigations into the conscious human brain to illuminate the temporal and spatial activation patterns of cortical regions that are involved with cardiovascular control through the autonomic nervous system. This symposia report emphasizes the research performed by the authors to understand the functional organization of the human forebrain in cardiovascular control during physical stressors of baroreceptor unloading and handgrip exercise. The studies have exposed important associations between activation patterns of the insula cortex, dorsal anterior cingulate, and the medial prefrontal cortex and cardiovascular adjustments to physical stressors. Furthermore, these studies provide functional anatomic evidence that sensory signals arising from baroreceptors and skeletal muscle are represented within the insula cortex and the medial prefrontal cortex, in addition to the sensory cortex. Thus, the cortical pathways subserving reflex cardiovascular control integrate viscerosensory inputs with outgoing traffic that modulates the autonomic nervous system. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Charge Transfer across Organic Photoconductor/Insulating Liquid Interface. Part I: Metal Free Phthalocyanine/Alkanes
Authors: Ahuja R. C. , Hauffe K. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn order to understand the decisive step in the photoelectrophoretic image formation i. e. the charge exchange between inert and photosensitive particles, we report in part I of a series of papers the charge transfer across metal free x‐Phthalocyanine/Octane and Dodecane interfaces. The electron injection from the photoconductor into the organic liquid as a function of intensity and wavelength of light, and electric field has been studied using a transient measurement technique. It was found that oxygen is the most dominant species in alkanes which is responsible for the negative charge transfer from the photoconductor into the alkanes. The values of the interfacial charge transfer efficiency and quantum yield have been calculated from experimental data and were found to be in agreement with the previous results. The photoinjected charge follows the absorption spectrum of x‐Phthalocyanine qualitatively and was found to be dependent on the electric field and the intensity of light.
A High Pressure Study of the Phase Diagram and the Critical Exponent β of Binary Liquid Systems
Authors: Sivaraman A. , Tiwari M. K. , Jyothi S. , Gopal E. S. R. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe pressure dependence of critical parameters xc, Tc, and β have been analysed in four systems namely cyclohexane + acetic anhydride, n‐heptane + acetic anhydride, methanol + n‐heptane, and carbon disulphide + acetonitrile. The separation temperature was found to increase linearly with pressure the value of dTc/dP being 28 mK, 11 mK, 22 mK, and 25 mK respectively. These are in fair agreement with earlier measurements available for two systems. For the methanol + n‐heptane system dTc/dP is apparently not consistent with the value predicted from the specific heat and thermal expansion data.
Anreicherung von Indium an Pseudophasengrenzen zwischen In‐dotierten Halbleitern
Authors: Leute Volkmar , Flötotto Burkhard , Schmidtke Heinrich M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDurch die Grenzfläche zwischen In‐dotierten HgSe‐ und HgTe‐Kristallen sowie zwischen In‐dotierten PbSe‐ und PbTe‐Kristallen erfolgt beim Tempern ein In‐Transport, obwohl anfangs die In‐Konzentration beiderseits der Grenzfläche gleich groß war. Die In‐Anreicherung in den Selenidphasen läßt sich durch eine vom Selenidgehalt abhängige Leerstellendichte erklären. Mit einsetzender Chalkogeninterdiffusion zwischen Selenid‐ und Telluridbereich geht die In‐Anreicherung wieder zurück. Im Pb‐Chalkogenidsystem kommt es im unteren Temperaturbereich zur Ausscheidung von Indiumselenid im PbSe.
Zur thermodynamischen Interpretation von1H‐NMR‐Verschiebungsdaten mit Gittermodellen
Authors: Kietz E. , Bittrich H.‐ J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractFür ausgewählte binäre Systeme von Nichtelektrolyten wurde versucht, die Molenbruchabhängigkeit der protonenchemischen Verschiebung mit den Ansätzen des Guggenheim‐ bzw. des Uniquac‐Modells zu interpretieren. Im Rahmen der vorgenommenen Untersuchungen erweist sich das Uniquac‐Modell der quasichemischen Näherung von Guggenheim überlegen. Diese Überlegenheit äußert sich sowohl bei der Wiedergabe der Molenbruchfunktion der chemischen Verschiebung als auch bei der thermodynamischen Interpretation der erhaltenen Wechselwirkungsparameter.
Pulse Radiolysis of Arenediazonium Salts in Water/tert.‐Butanol
Authors: Brede O. , Mehnert R. , Naumann W. , Becker H. G. O. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe pulse radiolysis of benzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate and its p‐NMe2, p‐MeO, p‐Me, p‐Cl, p‐COOEt, and p‐CN derivatives was studied in water/tert.‐butanol mixtures. Absorption spectra observed at wavelengths between 400 and 700 nm were attributed to the recombination products (tetrazadienes) Ar  N = N  N = N  Ar of arenediazo radicals Ar  N = N* which are generated by a diffusion‐controlled reaction of the solvated electrons with the solute. The recombination of Ar  N = N* competes with an unimolecular decay of these radicals. According to an inhomogeneous initial distribution of Ar  N = N* the apparent rate of the recombination reaction is higher than the diffusion‐controlled limit. For the unimolecular decay of Ar  N = N* rate constants between (1.8 and 330) · 105s−1 were calculated. The tetrazadienes decompose unimolecularly with rate constants from (0.3 to 17) · 105s−1. — The rate constants of the decay of the arenediazo radicals as well as of the decomposition of tetrazadienes exhibit good Hammet plots with almost identical reaction constants indicating similar paths of nitrogen elimination.
The Role of Relaxational Processes in Resonant Optoacoustic Spectroscopy
Authors: Frank Klaus , Hess Peter 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAn apparatus for resonant optoacoustic spectroscopy is described. The dispersion of the acoustic resonance frequency and the variation of the frequency bandwidth was studied as a function of pressure in the vibrational relaxation region for pure CH4 and mixtures with Xe and H2. These measurements yield the corresponding relaxation times and a better understanding of the dissipation effects caused by energy transfer processes. The role played by other loss mechanisms is also discussed.