bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Closed system isolation and scalable expansion of human placental mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Timmins N.E. , Kiel M. , Günther M. , Heazlewood C. , Doran M.R. , Brooke G. , Atkinson K. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are emerging as a leading cellular therapy for a number of diseases. However, for such treatments to become available as a routine therapeutic option, efficient and cost‐effective means for industrial manufacture of MSC are required. At present, clinical grade MSC are manufactured through a process of manual cell culture in specialized cGMP facilities. This process is open, extremely labor intensive, costly, and impractical for anything more than a small number of patients. While it has been shown that MSC can be cultivated in stirred bioreactor systems using microcarriers, providing a route to process scale‐up, the degree of numerical expansion achieved has generally been limited. Furthermore, little attention has been given to the issue of primary cell isolation from complex tissues such as placenta. In this article we describe the initial development of a closed process for bulk isolation of MSC from human placenta, and subsequent cultivation on microcarriers in scalable single‐use bioreactor systems. Based on our initial data, we estimate that a single placenta may be sufficient to produce over 7,000 doses of therapeutic MSC using a large‐scale process. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1817–1826. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of surface charge property on Escherichia coli initial adhesion and subsequent biofilm formation
Authors: Terada Akihiko , Okuyama Keisuke , Nishikawa Megumi , Tsuneda Satoshi , Hosomi Masaaki 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPolyethylene (PE) sheets were modified by radiation‐induced graft polymerization (RIGP) of an epoxy‐group containing monomer glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). The epoxy group of GMA was opened by introducing sodium sulfite (SS) and diethylamine (DEA) as representatives of negatively and positively charged functional groups, respectively. These modified surfaces by RIGP, termed GMA, SS, and DEA sheets, were investigated to elucidate their effects on initial adhesion and subsequent biofilm formation of Escherichia coli. Initial adhesion test revealed that E. coli density and viability were governed by sheet surface electrostatic property: E. coli cell density on the DEA sheet was 23 times higher than that on the SS sheet after 8 h incubation. The viability of E. coli cells dramatically decreased after contact with the DEA sheet, but remained high on the SS sheet. E. coli biofilm structure on the DEA sheet was dense, homogeneous, and uniform, with biomass higher than that of the GMA and SS sheets by factors of 14.0 and 37.5, respectively. On the contrary, biofilm structure on the SS sheet was sparse, heterogeneous, and mushroom‐shaped. More than 40% of E. coli biofilm on the DEA sheet was retained under a high liquid shear force condition (5,000 s−1), whereas 97% and 100% of biofilms on the GMA and SS sheets were sloughed, indicating that E. coli biofilm robustness depends on surface charge property of the substratum. This suggests that substratum surface fabrication by RIGP may enhance or suppress biofilm formation, a finding with potentially important practical implications. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1745–1754. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A sensitive capillary GC‐MS method for analysis of topiramate from plasma obtained from single‐dose studies
Authors: Conway Jeannine M. , Birnbaum Angela K. , Marino Susan E. , Cloyd James C. , Remmel Rory P. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTTopiramate (Topamax®) is an antiepileptic medication used as adjunctive and monotherapy in patients with epilepsy and for migraine prophylaxis. A GC‐MS assay was developed that was capable of detecting topiramate plasma concentrations following a single rectal or oral dose administration. Topiramate plasma samples were prepared by solid‐phase extraction and were quantified by GC‐MS analysis. The topiramate standard curves were split from 0.1 to 4 µg/mL and from 4 to 40 µg/mL in order to give a more accurate determination of the topiramate concentration. The accuracy of the standards ranged from 94.6 to 107.3% and the precision (%CV) ranged from 1.0 to 5.3% for both curves at all concentrations. The %CV for quality controls was <7.6%. The assay is both accurate and precise and will be used to complete future pharmacokinetic studies. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A cadaveric study of the structural anatomy of the sternoclavicular joint
Authors: van Tongel A. , MacDonald P. , Leiter J. , Pouliart N. , Peeler J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPathologies of the sternoclavicular (SC) joint are infrequent and effective management is often hindered by a limited understanding of the anatomy. In this study, we did macroscopic evaluations of the ligaments, the intra‐articular disc, and the articulating surfaces of 25 SC joints. After removal of the joint capsule, the articulating surfaces of the sternal end of clavicle and the sternum were evaluated and the intra‐articular disc was macroscopically examined. The anterior SC ligament covered the intra‐articular disc, which divided the joint into a clavicular and a sternal part. A thin capsule, relatively lateral and medial from the anterior SC ligament, covered the two intra‐articular parts. This means that the anterior SC ligament can be used as a landmark to enter into clavicular or sternal part of the SC joint. Posteriorly, there was a thick capsule without soft‐spot or clear posterior SC ligament. Only the antero‐inferior surface of the sternal end of every clavicle was covered by cartilage. Of the intra‐articular discs 56% were incomplete. All of these incomplete discs displayed a central hole with signs of degeneration and fraying. This was associated with increased cartilage degeneration at the clavicular side. By experimental design (past and present), it would seem reasonable to assume that the incomplete types are caused by degeneration and are not developmental. Clin. Anat. 25:903–910, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Insight into the Interactions That Control the Phase Behaviour of New Aqueous Biphasic Systems Composed of Polyethylene Glycol Polymers and Ionic Liquids
Authors: Freire Mara G. , Pereira Jorge F. B. , Francisco María , Rodríguez Héctor , Rebelo Luís Paulo N. , Rogers Robin D. , Coutinho João A. P. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractNew polyethylene glycol (PEG)/ionic liquid aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) are presented. Distinct pairs of PEG polymers and ionic liquids can induce phase separation in aqueous media when dissolved at appropriate concentrations. Phase diagrams have been determined for a large array of systems at 298, 308 and 323 K. A comparison of the binodal curves allowed the analysis of the tunable structural features of the ionic liquid (i.e., anionic nature, cationic core, cationic alkyl side chain length and functionalisation, and number of alkyl substituents in the cation) and the influence of the molecular weight of the PEG polymer on the ability of these solutes to induce an ABS. It was observed that contrary to typical ABS based on ionic liquids and inorganic salts, in which the phase behaviour is dominated by the formation of the hydration complexes of the ions, the interactions between the PEG polymers and ionic liquids control the phase demixing in the polymer‐type ABS studied herein. It is shown that both the ionic liquids and PEG polymers can act as the salting‐out species; that is, it is an occurrence that is dependent on the structural features of the ionic liquid. For the first time, PEG/ionic liquid ABS are reported and insight into the major interactions that govern the polymer/ionic liquid phase behaviour in aqueous media are provided. The use of two different nonvolatile and tunable species (i.e., ionic liquids and PEG polymers) to form ABS allows the polarities of the phases to be tailored. Hence, the development of environmentally friendly separation processes that make use of these novel systems is envisaged.
Reaction of a 6‐Dimethylaminopentafulvene with the Mes2PCH2CH2B(C6F5)2 Frustrated Lewis Pair
Authors: Xu Bao‐Hua , Mömming Cornelia M. , Fröhlich Roland , Kehr Gerald , Erker Gerhard 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe frustrated Lewis pair Mes2PCH2CH2B(C6F5)2 reacts readily with 6‐dimethylamino‐6‐methylfulvene at room temperature to yield the trans‐1‐[B(C6F5)2]‐2‐[CH2CH2PMes2] disubstituted fulvene derivative 9 that features an internal N–B contact. Thermolysis (80 °C in toluene) results in a complete isomerization to the respective 1‐[B(C6F5)2]‐3‐[CH2CH2PMes2] isomer 10. Both compounds were characterized by using X‐ray diffraction. A reaction scheme is formulated to rationalize the specific formation of these compounds, involving a retro‐hydroboration/hydroboration sequence. The reaction of the 6‐dimethylaminofulvene with HB(C6F5)2 yielded the corresponding parent compound 13 that was also characterized by X‐ray diffraction.
Conversion of Methane into C1 Oxygenates by Deep‐UV Photolysis on Solid Surfaces: Influence of the Nature of the Solid and Optimization of Photolysis Conditions
Authors: Sastre Francesc , Fornés Vicente , Corma Avelino , García Hermenegildo 
Published: January 2012

AbstractDeep‐UV photolysis (either 165 or 185 nm) of surface hydroxy groups leads to homolytic OH bond‐cleavage with the generation of oxyl radicals that can initiate the room‐temperature radical‐chain methane activation. Whilst in the absence of oxygen, radical coupling reactions to give low‐molecular‐weight alkanes are observed in the gas phase, the presence of some oxygen quenches these radicals and increases the selectivity towards C1 oxygenates (methanol, formaldehyde, and formic acid species). The nature of the solid influences the efficiency of the photochemical process and the distribution between products in the gas and solid phases. Using Beta‐, delaminated ITQ2 and ITQ6, and medium‐pore ZSM5 zeolites, mesoporous MCM41 silicates, and non‐porous TiO2, we observed that confinement and porosity increased the proportion of C1 oxygenates adsorbed onto the solid and reduced the contribution of the gas‐phase products. In addition, the presence of aluminum in the zeolite framework, which is responsible for the generation of acid sites, increased overoxidation of methanol and methoxy groups into formaldehyde and formic acids. For a given amount of methane and unchanged photolysis conditions, the conversion increased with the amount of the solid used as photocatalyst. In this way, methane conversions of up to 7 % were achieved for the 185 nm photolysis of methane for 1 h with a 76 MJ mol−1 energy consumption.
Identification of novel germline polymorphisms governing capecitabine sensitivity
Authors: O'Donnell Peter H. , Stark Amy L. , Gamazon Eric R. , Wheeler Heather E. , McIlwee Bridget E. , Gorsic Lidija , Im Hae Kyung , Huang R. Stephanie , Cox Nancy J. , Dolan M. Eileen 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Capecitabine, an oral 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) prodrug, is widely used in the treatment of breast, colorectal, and gastric cancers. To guide the selection of patients with potentially the greatest benefit of experiencing antitumor efficacy, or, alternatively, of developing toxicities, identifying genomic predictors of capecitabine sensitivity could permit its more informed use.METHODS:The objective of this study was to perform capecitabine sensitivity genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) using 503 well genotyped human cell lines from individuals representing multiple different world populations. A meta‐analysis that included all ethnic populations then enabled the identification of novel germline determinants (single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]) of capecitabine susceptibility.RESULTS:First, an intrapopulation GWAS of Caucasian individuals identified reference SNP 4702484 (rs4702484) (within adenylate cyclase 2 [ADCY2]) at a level reaching genome‐wide significance (P = 5.2 × 10−8). This SNP is located upstream of the 5 methyltetrahydrofolate‐homocysteine methyltransferase reductase (MTRR) gene, and it is known that the enzyme for MTRR is involved in the methionine‐folate biosynthesis and metabolism pathway, which is the primary target of 5‐FU‐related compounds, although the authors were unable to identify a direct relation between rs4702484 and MTRR expression in a tested subset of cells. In the meta‐analysis, 4 SNPs comprised the top hits, which, again, included rs4702484 and 3 additional SNPs (rs8101143, rs576523, and rs361433) that approached genome‐wide significance (P values from 1.9 × 10−7 to 8.8 × 10−7). The meta‐analysis also identified 1 missense variant (rs11722476; serine to asparagine) within switch/sucrose nonfermentable‐related, matrix‐associated, actin‐dependent regulator of chromatin (SMARCAD1), a novel gene for association with capecitabine/5‐FU susceptibility.CONCLUSIONS:Toward the goal of individualizing cancer chemotherapy, the current study identified novel SNPs and genes associated with capecitabine sensitivity that are potentially informative and testable in any patient regardless of ethnicity. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Descriptive epidemiology of malignant and nonmalignant primary spinal cord, spinal meninges, and cauda equina tumors, United States, 2004‐2007
Authors: Duong Linh M. , McCarthy Bridget J. , McLendon Roger E. , Dolecek Therese A. , Kruchko Carol , Douglas Lynda L. , Ajani Umed A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Primary tumors of the spinal cord, spinal meninges, and cauda equina are relatively rare, and a paucity of population‐based data exist on tumors in these sites. This study intends to augment the current literature by examining incidence of these tumors on a national level.METHODS:Data from central cancer registries in the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) programs for 2004‐2007 (covering 99.2% of US population) and 1999‐2007 (covering 89.4% of US population) were analyzed. Analyses for diagnosis years 2004‐2007 included cases of malignant and nonmalignant primary spinal cord, spinal meninges, and cauda equina tumors. Descriptive statistics including estimated age‐adjusted incidence rates standardized to the 2000 US standard population were conducted for both malignant and nonmalignant primary spinal tumors from cases diagnosed during 2004‐2007 as well as trend analyses on malignant cases of primary spinal tumors (n = 5103) for cases diagnosed during 1999‐2007 using SEER*Stat 6.6.2 software.RESULTS:There were 2576 cases of malignant primary spinal tumors and 9136 cases of nonmalignant primary spinal tumors in 2004‐2007. The incidence of malignant and nonmalignant primary spinal tumors combined differed by age, sex, race, and ethnicity. Results of trend analyses indicated that malignant primary spinal tumors have been stable throughout the 1999‐2007 period.CONCLUSIONS:This large population‐based study adds new insights into the descriptive epidemiology of primary spinal cord, spinal meninges, and cauda equina tumors by providing in‐depth analyses of the incidence of these tumors on a national level. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Focal salvage therapy for localized prostate cancer recurrence after external beam radiotherapy
Authors: Ahmed Hashim Uddin , Cathcart Paul , McCartan Neil , Kirkham Alex , Allen Clare , Freeman Alex , Emberton Mark 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety, feasibility, side‐effect profile, and proof of concept for focal salvage therapy using high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU).METHODS:A registry‐based analysis was conducted between 2004 and 2009 of 430 patients who underwent HIFU. Thirty‐nine patients received focal salvage therapy for localized recurrence after external beam radiotherapy. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging studies combined with transperineal template prostate mapping biopsies or transrectal biopsies were used to localize disease. Validated questionnaires were used to assess functional outcomes. Biochemical failure was defined by using both Phoenix criteria (prostate‐specific antigen [PSA] nadir plus 2 ng/mL) and Stuttgart criteria (PSA nadir plus 1.2 ng/mL).RESULTS:The mean pre‐HIFU PSA level was 4.6 ng/mL. The median follow‐up was 17 months (interquartile range, 10‐29 months). International Index of Erectile Function‐5 scores decreased from a median ± standard deviation (SD) of 18 ± 16 to 13 ± 21 at 6 months, demonstrating worsening function. Scores on the University of California Los Angeles‐Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite Urinary domain indicate that pad‐free, leak‐free continence status was 64%, and the pad‐free rate was 87.2% at last follow‐up. One rectourethral fistula occurred and spontaneously resolved with urinary and bowel diversion. The actuarial progression‐free survival rate (including PSA nonresponders) was 69% at 1 year and 49% at 2 years according to Phoenix criteria. Excluding PSA nonresponders, these rates were 74% and 58%, respectively (Phoenix criteria).CONCLUSIONS:The results from this study indicated that focal salvage therapy is a potential strategy for localized recurrence after radiotherapy that may reduce the harms resulting from whole‐gland salvage therapies. Cancer 2012. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Strong roaming authentication technique for wireless and mobile networks
Authors: He Daojing , Chen Chun , Chan Sammy , Bu Jiajun 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYWhen one considers the broad range of wirelessly connected mobile devices used today, it is clear that integrating such network‐enabled devices into secure roaming over wireless networks is of essential importance. Over the years, many authentication protocols have been suggested to address this issue. Among these protocols, the recently proposed privacy‐preserving universal authentication protocol, Priauth, exceeds the security and efficiency of other authentication techniques. This paper studies the existing roaming authentication protocols and shows that they are not strong enough to provide secure roaming services in three aspects. Further, using Priauth as an example, we propose efficient remedies that fix the weaknesses. The experimental results show that the proposed approaches are feasible in practice. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Xenopus: An ideal system for chemical genetics
Authors: Wheeler Grant N. , Liu Karen J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractChemical genetics, or chemical biology, has become an increasingly powerful method for studying biological processes. The main objective of chemical genetics is the identification and use of small molecules that act directly on proteins, allowing rapid and reversible control of activity. These compounds are extremely powerful tools for researchers, particularly in biological systems that are not amenable to genetic methods. In addition, identification of small molecule interactions is an important step in the drug discovery process. Increasingly, the African frog Xenopus is being used for chemical genetic approaches. Here, we highlight the advantages of Xenopus as a first‐line in vivo model for chemical screening as well as for testing reverse engineering approaches. genesis 50:207–218, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Blood‐Pool and Targeting MRI Contrast Agents: From Gd‐Chelates to Gd‐Nanoparticles
Authors: Lee Gang Ho , Chang Yongmin , Kim Tae‐Jeong 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful and noninvasive diagnostic technique of the human anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology on the basis of superior spatial resolution and contrast. MRI is useful in providing anatomical and functional images of the human body. A large number of MRI techniques are performed employing gadolinium III [GdIII] complexes to enhance image contrast by increasing the water proton relaxation rate in the body. Despite their wide and successful application in clinic, however, conventional GdIII‐based low‐molecular weight contrast agents (CAs) are mostly extracellular contrast agents (ECCAs) exhibiting rapid extravasation from the vascular space. As a result, the time window for imaging is considerably reduced, thus limiting acquisition of high‐resolution images. To overcome such limitations inherent to ECCAs, the necessity and the demand for the development of a new class of MRI CAs with functions including blood‐pool and organ (or tumor)‐targeting have risen recently. This microreview deals with our recent efforts on the design and the synthesis of new Gd‐chelates and Gd nanoparticles (GdNPs) for use as blood‐pool and organ/tumor‐targeting MRI CAs. We also consider properties such as high r1 relaxivity and high thermodynamic, kinetic, and biostabilities.
Genotoxicity of pesticide mixtures present in the diet of the French population
Authors: Graillot Vanessa , Takakura Natsuko , Hegarat Ludovic Le , Fessard Valerie , Audebert Marc , Cravedi Jean‐Pierre 
Published: January 2012

AbstractConsumers may be simultaneously exposed to several pesticide residues in their diet. A previous study identified the seven most common pesticide mixtures to which the French population was exposed through food consumption in 2006. The aim of this study was to investigate if the seven mixtures are potentially cytotoxic and genotoxic and if so, whether compounds in a same mixture have a combined effect. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the seven mixtures were investigated with a new assay (γ‐H2AX) using four human cell lines (ACHN, SH‐SY5Y, LS‐174T, and HepG2). Mixtures were tested at equimolar concentrations and also at concentrations reflecting their actual proportion in the diet. Irrespective of the cell line tested, parallel cytotoxicity of the seven mixtures was observed. Only one mixture was genotoxic for the HepG2 cells at concentrations = 3 μM in equimolar proportion and at 30 μM in actual proportion. Caspase 3/7 activity, the comet assay, and reactive oxygen species production were also investigated using the same mixture and HepG2 cells. Our results suggest that pesticide metabolites from the mixture generated by HepG2 cells were responsible for the observed damage to DNA. Among the five compounds in the genotoxic mixture, only fludioxonil and cyprodinil were genotoxic for HepG2 cells alone at concentrations = 4 and 20 μM, respectively. Our data suggest a combined genotoxic effect of the mixture at low concentrations with a significantly higher effect of the mixture of pesticides than would be expected from the response to the individual compounds. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Immunotherapy for treatment of advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Hall Simon J 
Published: January 2012

AbstractProstate cancer is the most common cancer in men. Up to 30% of affected men will experience disease recurrence at some point, most of whom will be treated with hormone ablative therapy, which is effective for up to 90%. However, the effect is transient with the emergence of the castration‐resistant phenotype. While secondary hormonal manipulations may result in temporary inhibition of disease progression, ultimately this is a fatal phenotype. This article looks at the emergence of two therapies that immunise against tissue‐specific antigens in metastatic castrationresistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) to enhance survival. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.