bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerated ceramization of polymethylsilsesquioxane by aluminum‐ based filler reductant
Authors: Narisawa Masaki , Kado Hiroyuki , Mabuchi Hiroshi , Kim Young‐Wook 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPolymethylsilsesquioxane (PMSQ), compounded with particles of Al2O3(22–47 nm), micro size aluminum (30 µm) or nano size aluminum (50 nm) with a starting Al:Si molar ratio of 1.0, was prepared in a thick sheet form and pyrolyzed at various temperatures up to 1673 K to investigate the filler effect on the ceramization. By adjusting the concentrations of PMSQ, filler and cross‐linking agent in ethanol, self‐standing ceramic sheets were obtained after pyrolysis without fragmentation. The phases formed in each sheet during pyrolysis were identified by using X‐ray diffraction patterns. The resulting micro structures were characterized by the Archimedes method, SEM observation and electron micro probe analysis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and application of a membrane bioreactor unit to upgrade and enhance the required performance of an installed wastewater treatment plant
Authors: Castelo‐Grande Teresa , Augusto Paulo A. , Monteiro Paulo , Barbosa Domingos 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are nowadays common solutions to improve the quality of streams and soils. However, there are still many issues required to be solved within these plants. We were commissioned to redesign a WWTP in Amarante, Portugal, which was not working properly. Among the several units we have designed, there is a membrane bioreactor representing one of the main units of this remodelled WWTP. The biological treatment stage at the upgraded WWTP will take place in the remodelled primary and secondary settlers and in the remodelled and improved biological reactor. Hence, the primary settler is readapted in such a way that it functions as the anoxic area of the biological treatment, while the aerobic treatment will be sequentially performed at the remodelled biological reactor and at the actual secondary settler. Membrane treatment will be performed by using ultrafiltration membranes. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of minimum spouting velocity in spouted bed
Authors: Venkatachalam Sivakumar , Sridhar Ramasamy , Prince Immanuel Victorbackianathan 
Published: October 2009

AbstractMinimum spouting velocity was measured using different bed heights with six different particles. A statistical analysis of the reported correlations for minimum spouting velocity based on the present and literature data was made and the estimated. Absolute average relative deviation (AARD) and bias were found to be very high, and the reason could be attributed to the fact that the applicability of the literature correlations are restricted to a limited range of fundamental and operating variables, and hence empirical correlation for the estimation of minimum spouting velocity has been developed using a data bank consisting of 280 present experimental data along with 174 literature data. The predictive ability of the present proposed correlation was tested, and it was found to be a good fit for a wide range of operating conditions. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sustained operation of nutrient mist reactor to grow hairy roots
Authors: Ranjan Ritu , Khanna Rajesh , Mishra B. N. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis paper presents feasible range of feed concentration and flow rate for sustained operation of nutrient mist reactor (NMR) in continuous mist feed mode for growing hairy roots. Sustained operation of NMR requires liquid holdup in the root bed that does not exceed a critical value and the nutrient concentration in the bed is maintained above a critical value. This ensures that the growing root mass gets adequate supply of both liquid and gas phase nutrients. These bounds on liquid holdup and concentration can be translated to bounds on the feed flow rate and concentration through mass balance over the root bed and numerical simulations. This approach maintains the reactor performance for a continuous mist‐on cycle and does away with the uncertainty in choosing intermittent mist‐on/mist‐off cycles. It is expected that this paper will be of immense help in the rapidly growing NMR technology to grow hairy roots. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Constitutive equations for modelling of polymeric materials and rubbers
Authors: Crawford B. , Watterson J. K. , Spedding P. L. , Gault R. I. , Herron W. , Proctor M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractExtrusion of polymeric materials can be made more efficient by modelling with computational techniques. Material‐dependent data obtained through a constitutive equation is required to close the fluid dynamic equations. The paper outlines constitutive equations developed for non‐Newtonian behaviour and details the choice that is required to obtain a constitutive equation that encapsulates actual material behaviour. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An ethyl acetate sensor utilizing cataluminescence on Y2O3 nanoparticles
Authors: Cao Xiaoan , Tao Ying , Li Liling , Liu Yonghui , Peng Yan , Li Jinwen 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA cataluminescence (CTL) sensor using Y2O3 nanoparticles as the sensing materials was proposed for the determination of ethyl acetate. This ethyl acetate sensor showed high sensitivity and specificity at the optimal temperature of 264°C. Quantitative analysis was performed at a wavelength of 425 nm. The linear ranges of CTL intensity vs ethyl acetate concentrations were 2.0–250 ppm (r = 0.9965) and 250–6500 ppm (r = 0.9997) with a detection limit (3σ) of 0.5 ppm. There was no response or weak response when foreign substances such as formic acid, n‐hexane, toluene, acetic acid, benzene, and formaldehyde passing through the surface of Y2O3 nanoparticles. The sensor had a long lifetime more than 80 h with 3600 ppm ethyl acetate. It had been applied successfully to determine ethyl acetate in artificial air samples. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in the mRNA expression of osteoblast‐related genes in response toβ3‐adrenergic agonist in UMR106 cells
Authors: Nuntapornsak Amporn , Wongdee Kannikar , Thongbunchoo Jirawan , Krishnamra Nateetip , Charoenphandhu Narattaphol 
Published: October 2009

AbstractActivation of adrenergic receptors (AR) was demonstrated to result in either bone gain or bone loss depending on the activated AR subtypes and concentrations of agonists used. Whileβ2‐AR agonist was extensively investigated as an osteopenic agent, effects ofβ3‐AR activation on osteoblasts were still elusive. Rat osteoblast‐like UMR106 cells were herein found to express several AR subtypes, includingβ3‐AR. After exposure to a low‐doseβ3‐AR agonist BRL37344 (10 nmol L−1), UMR106 cells downregulated the mRNA expression of transcription factors Runx2 and Dlx5, which are important for initiation of osteoblast differentiation. Low‐dose BRL37344 also decreased the expression ratio of receptor activator of nuclear factorκB ligand (RANKL) over osteoprotegerin (OPG), suggesting the protective effect ofβ3‐AR agonist against bone resorption. Alkaline phosphatase expression was markedly decreased, whereas expressions of osteocalcin and osteopontin were increased by 100 nmol L−1BRL37344, indicating thatβ3‐AR activation could accelerate the transition of matrix maturation stage to mineralization stage. In conclusion,β3‐AR activation in rat osteoblasts induced alteration in the expression of osteoblast‐related transcription factor genes as well as genes required for bone formation and resorption. The present results also suggest that, besidesβ2‐AR,β3‐AR is another AR subtype responsible for the sympathetic nervous system‐induced bone remodeling. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Fragment‐Based Approach to Probing Adenosine Recognition Sites by Using Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry
Authors: Scott Duncan E. , Dawes Gwen J. , Ando Michiyo , Abell Chris , Ciulli Alessio 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA new strategy that combines the concepts of fragment‐based drug design and dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC) for targeting adenosine recognition sites on enzymes is reported. We demonstrate the use of 5′‐deoxy‐5′‐thioadenosine as a noncovalent anchor fragment in dynamic combinatorial libraries templated by Mycobacterium tuberculosis pantothenate synthetase. A benzyl disulfide derivative was identified upon library analysis by HPLC. Structural and binding studies of protein–ligand complexes by X‐ray crystallography and isothermal titration calorimetry informed the subsequent optimisation of the DCC hit into a disulfide containing the novel meta‐nitrobenzyl fragment that targets the pantoate binding site of pantothenate synthetase. Given the prevalence of adenosine‐recognition motifs in enzymes, our results provide a proof‐of‐concept for using this strategy to probe adjacent pockets for a range of adenosine binding enzymes, including other related adenylate‐forming ligases, kinases, and ATPases, as well as NAD(P)(H), CoA and FAD(H2) binding proteins.
Vanadium‐Containing Oxynitrides: Effective Catalysts for the Ammoxidation of 3‐Picoline
Authors: Janke Christiane , Radnik Jörg , Bentrup Ursula , Martin Andreas , Brückner Angelika 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTwo series of vanadium‐containing oxynitrides VMON (M=Al or Zr, 0.1<V/M<0.5) were characterized by a variety of methods, also under reaction conditions, and tested as catalysts for the ammoxidation of 3‐picoline. Markedly higher space–time yields of 3‐cyanopyridine have been obtained for both types of catalysts in comparison to the best‐known mixed oxide catalysts, although selectivities were lower. VZrON catalysts are more active but less selective than VAlON, which might be due to higher V site agglomeration and higher mean V valence in working VZrON catalysts. The higher selectivity of VAlON catalysts results from the reversible incorporation of N in VNAl surface moieties, whereas this is widely suppressed in VZrON samples, in which the majority of N is incorporated within the bulk.
An approximate solution to an initial boundary value problem to the one‐dimensional Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation
Authors: Rebelo Paulo 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to present an approximate solution to the initial boundary‐valued problem for the one‐dimensional Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation. The Fourier Method is combined with the Adomian's Decomposition Method in order to provide an approximate solution. One example of application is presented. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of Green's boundary formula and its first‐ and second‐order derivatives in Legendre series
Authors: Yang S. A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis work presents a numerical method for evaluating Green's boundary formula and its first‐ and second‐order derivatives in two dimensions. Analysis includes both the normal and tangential derivatives, which contain logarithmic and strong singularities, as well as hypersingularities of order up to r−3. The singular integrands are expanded by the Laurent series. Regularized equations are obtained by further expressing the unknown functions as a truncated Fourier–Legendre series, and applying the subtraction–addition technique. The resulting singular integrals are then evaluated analytically. The proposed regularization is conducted before any discretization. The regularized equations can be solved by directly applying standard quadrature rules over the entire integration domain. Test examples consist of the Neumann and Dirichlet problems related to an inverse elliptic cylinder, and a mixed boundary value problem related to a square cylinder. Comparing numerical results with analytical solutions demonstrates a very good accuracy, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Salience of loss of control for pediatric binge episodes: Does size really matter?
Authors: Shomaker Lauren B. , Tanofsky‐Kraff Marian , Elliott Camden , Wolkoff Laura E. , Columbo Kelli M. , Ranzenhofer Lisa M. , Roza Caroline A. , Yanovski Susan Z. , Yanovski Jack A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectiveThe subjective experience of loss of control (LOC) during eating, independent of overeating, may be a salient marker of disordered eating and risk for overweight in youth. However, few studies have directly tested this notion in an adequately powered sample.MethodThree‐hundred‐sixty‐seven youth (M ± SD age = 12.7 ± 2.8 y) were categorized as reporting objective binge eating (OBE; 12.5%), subjective binge eating (SBE; 11.4%), objective overeating without LOC (OO; 18.5%), or no episodes (NE; 57.5%). Disordered eating attitudes, general psychopathology, and adiposity were assessed.ResultsChildren with OBE and SBE generally did not differ in their disordered eating attitudes, emotional eating, eating in the absence of hunger, depressive and anxiety symptoms, or adiposity. However, both OBE and SBE youth had significantly greater disordered eating attitudes, emotional eating, eating in the absence of hunger, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and adiposity compared to those with OO or NE (ps < .05).DiscussionFor non‐treatment‐seeking youth, LOC during eating episodes, rather than episode size, appears to be the most salient marker of eating and weight problems. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010; 43:707–716
Selection of injection conditions for aluminum particles as a raw material by numerical analysis in the synthesis of ultrafine particles with transferred type arc plasma
Authors: Furukawa Shizue , Iwata Mikimasa , Adachi Kazuo , Amakawa Tadashi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe investigated by numerical analysis the dependence of vaporization behavior of aluminum particles injected into transferred type arc plasma on injection conditions in synthesis of aluminum nitride ultra fine particles. On the basis of calculation results, we chose one proper injection condition where aluminum particles vaporized more. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 170(2): 46–52, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20852
Direct‐power‐control‐based matrix converter and its operation characteristics
Authors: Noguchi Toshihiko , Nakatomi Somei 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel control strategy for a matrix converter, which features direct instantaneous active‐ and reactive‐power control of the converter. The theoretical aspects of the proposed control are discussed, and computer simulation results are presented to confirm the basic controllability of the technique. In addition, several operational characteristics were examined through experimental tests, using a 1.5‐kW prototype. The maximum efficiency and the total input power factor of the prototype with a 30‐Hz output frequency were 95.4% and 99.9% at 1.5‐kW load, respectively. The total harmonic distortion at the rated load was 5.9%. These results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed strategy. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 170(2): 53–59, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20886
A comprehensive congestion management scheme with an improved DC method
Authors: Jibiki Takahiro , Sakakibara Eiji , Iwamoto Shinichi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive congestion management scheme based on generator and FACTS device operations. To relieve congestion effectively and quickly, we use two indices based on the DC method. However, calculation errors using the DC method may become large due to its approximations. Thus, we also developed an improved DC method, which is a DC method considering transmission losses and transformer tap ratios, and performed simulations to confirm the validity of the improved DC method. Finally, we performed simulations by the proposed congestion management scheme using the IEEJ EAST 30‐machine system. The simulation results indicate that congestion can be relieved effectively and quickly. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 170(2): 28–36, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20893
We all live in Germany but … Ingroup projection, group‐based emotions and prejudice against immigrants
Authors: Kessler Thomas , Mummendey Amélie , Funke Friedrich , Brown Rupert , Binder Jens , Zagefka Hanna , Leyens Jacques‐Philippe , Demoulin Stéphanie , Maquil Annemie 
Published: October 2009

AbstractImmigration, cultural diversity and integration are among the most central challenges for modern societies. Integration is often impeded by negative emotions and prejudices held by the majority members towards immigrants in a common society. Based on the ingroup projection model (Mummendey & Wenzel, 1999), we examined the impact of perceived relative ingroup prototypicality on intergroup emotions and prejudice. Additionally, we examined whether this impact is causal and explored the issue of causality in more detail contrasting a linear causal model with bi‐directional or reciprocal causality. Hypotheses were tested in a study with a two‐wave panel of majority members (N=1085) in Germany. We examined the proposed relations between relative ingroup prototypicality, intergroup emotions and prejudice and determined the causal direction of these relationships. Results support the predictive power of relative ingroup prototypicality on intergroup emotions and prejudice. Moreover, most causal relations between our measures are reciprocally causal. We discuss the implications of these findings for the general conception of prejudice and intergroup emotions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship between parental bonding, social problem solving and eating pathology in an anorexic inpatient sample
Authors: Swanson Helen , Power Kevin , Collin Paula , Deas Suzanne , Paterson Gillian , Grierson David , Yellowlees Alex , Park Katy , Taylor Louise 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectiveParental relationships and maladaptive problem solving have been associated with anorexic symptomatology. This study investigates the relationship between perceived parental bonding, social problem solving and eating psychopathology.MethodsForty three female inpatients with anorexia nervosa and 76 student controls were assessed using the Parental Bonding Instrument, the Social Problem Solving Inventory and the Eating Disorders Examination or the Eating Disorders Examination‐Questionnaire.ResultsThe anorexic group reported significantly lower levels of parental care than the student control group and used more negative and avoidance style coping. In the anorexic group, disordered eating was significantly correlated with low maternal care and high control. Maternal bonding was found to mediate the relationship between avoidance style coping and eating pathology.ConclusionsFindings suggest a relationship between maternal bonding, the use of maladaptive problem solving techniques and eating disorder pathology in inpatients with anorexia nervosa. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Evaluation of a school‐based programme of universal eating disorders prevention: Is it more effective in girls at risk?
Authors: Raich R. M. , Portell M. , Peláez‐Fernández M. A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThere is currently controversy surrounding the effectiveness of universal versus selective prevention in eating disorders (ED). The present study aims at evaluating the effectiveness of universal school‐based ED prevention administered to female secondary school students (n = 349). Students received either the full prevention programme (learning basic concepts of nutrition, criticism of aesthetic models of beauty emphasising extreme thinness, media literacy (ML)), a partial version of the programme (without nutritional education), or no prevention programme. Students were also classified on the presence or absence of distinct risk factors for ED: Early menarche, overweight, dieting, negative attitudes to food and perceived pressure to be thin. Pre‐test data were collected 1 week prior to implementation of the prevention programme, and post‐test data were collected on the last day of the programme. Results suggested that both the full and partial prevention programmes reduced perceived pressure to be thin and improved eating attitudes and knowledge of nutrition in all the participants (regardless of risk); however, greater effect sizes were found among particular high‐risk groups (early menarche, overweight and highly influenced by aesthetic models of beauty emphasising extreme thinness). School‐based programmes of universal intervention may have an important role to play in the prevention of ED. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Improved OFDMA uplink transmission via cooperative relaying in the presence of frequency offsets—Part II: Outage information rate analysis
Authors: Zhang Zhongshan , Tellambura Chintha , Schober Robert 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn Part I of this paper, the ergodic information rate is derived for an orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing access (OFDMA) uplink with cooperative relaying in the presence of frequency offsets. In this part, the outage information rate of the system is analysed. Both amplify‐and‐forward (AF) and decode‐and‐forward (DF) relays are considered. Each node can play the roles of the source node and the relay, simultaneously, at different subcarriers. Both the outage information rate and the diversity gain are derived for the interference‐limited environment. Numerical results illustrate the superior performance of the proposed cooperative scheme over conventional transmission (without relaying) with regard to outage information rate. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An accurate and efficient semi‐implicit method for section‐averaged free‐surface flow modelling
Authors: Rosatti G. , Bonaventura L. , Deponti A. , Garegnani G. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAn accurate, efficient and robust numerical method for the solution of the section‐averaged De St. Venant equations of open channel flow is presented and discussed. The method consists in a semi‐implicit, finite‐volume discretization of the continuity equation capable to deal with arbitrary cross‐section geometry and in a semi‐implicit, finite‐difference discretization of the momentum equation. By using a proper semi‐Lagrangian discretization of the momentum equation, a highly efficient scheme that is particularly suitable for subcritical regimes is derived. Accurate solutions are obtained in all regimes, except in presence of strong unsteady shocks as in dam‐break cases. By using a suitable upwind, Eulerian discretization of the same equation, instead, a scheme capable of describing accurately also unsteady shocks can be obtained, although this scheme requires to comply with a more restrictive stability condition. The formulation of the two approaches allows a unified implementation and an easy switch between the two. The code is verified in a wide range of idealized test cases, highlighting its accuracy and efficiency characteristics, especially for long time range simulations of subcritical river flow. Finally, a model validation on field data is presented, concerning simulations of a flooding event of the Adige river. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.