bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early experience of Cued Speech enhances speechreading performance in deaf
Authors: APARICIO MARIO , PEIGNEUX PHILIPPE , CHARLIER BRIGITTE , NEYRAT CHARLOTTE , LEYBAERT JACQUELINE 
Published: October 2011

Aparicio, M., Peigneux, P., Charlier, B., Neyrat, C. & Leybaert, J. (2012). Early experience of Cued Speech enhances speechreading performance in deaf. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 53, 41–46.It is known that deaf individuals usually outperform normal hearing subjects in speechreading; however, the underlying reasons remain unclear. In the present study, speechreading performance was assessed in normal hearing participants (NH), deaf participants who had been exposed to the Cued Speech (CS) system early and intensively, and deaf participants exposed to oral language without Cued Speech (NCS). Results show a gradation in performance with highest performance in CS, then in NCS, and finally NH participants. Moreover, error analysis suggests that speechreading processing is more accurate in the CS group than in the other groups. Given that early and intensive CS has been shown to promote development of accurate phonological processing, we propose that the higher speechreading results in Cued Speech users are linked to a better capacity in phonological decoding of visual articulators.
Is the Border Effect an Artefact of Geographical Aggregation?
Authors: Llano‐Verduras Carlos , Minondo Asier , Requena‐Silvente Francisco 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe existence of a large border effect is considered as one of the main puzzles of international macroeconomics. We show that the border effect is, to a large extent, an artefact of geographical concentration. To do so, we combine international flows with intra‐national flows data characterised by a high geographical grid. At this fine grid, intra‐national flows are highly localised and dropping sharply with distance. The use of a small geographical unit of reference to measure intra‐national bilateral trade flows allows to estimating correctly the negative impact of distance on shipments. When we use sector disaggregated export flows of 50 Spanish provinces in years 2000 and 2005 split into inter‐provincial and inter‐national flows, we find that the border effect is reduced substantially and even becomes statistically not different from zero in some estimations.
A New Measure of Trade Openness
Authors: Squalli Jay , Wilson Kenneth 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTrade openness, popularly measured as (X + M)/GDP in the hundreds of studies published to date, consistently considers the world's biggest trading countries such as the USA, the UK, Japan and Germany to be closed economies, irrespective of the data set used. This study suggests a composite trade share measure that more completely reflects reality by combining two important dimensions of trade openness: trade share and the relative importance of a country's trade level to total world trade. Robustness tests support the new proposed measure in lieu of the conventional measure of openness and suggest that the latter may not only be incomplete but may also overstate the impact of trade on such things as income and the environment.
Historical bird and terrestrial mammal extinction rates and causes
Authors: Loehle Craig , Eschenbach Willis 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAim  Conservation of species is an ongoing concern.Location  Worldwide.Methods  We examined historical extinction rates for birds and mammals and contrasted island and continental extinctions. Australia was included as an island because of its isolation.Results  Only six continental birds and three continental mammals were recorded in standard databases as going extinct since 1500 compared to 123 bird species and 58 mammal species on islands. Of the extinctions, 95% were on islands. On a per unit area basis, the extinction rate on islands was 177 times higher for mammals and 187 times higher for birds than on continents. The continental mammal extinction rate was between 0.89 and 7.4 times the background rate, whereas the island mammal extinction rate was between 82 and 702 times background. The continental bird extinction rate was between 0.69 and 5.9 times the background rate, whereas for islands it was between 98 and 844 times the background rate. Undocumented prehistoric extinctions, particularly on islands, amplify these trends. Island extinction rates are much higher than continental rates largely because of introductions of alien predators (including man) and diseases.Main conclusions  Our analysis suggests that conservation strategies for birds and mammals on continents should not be based on island extinction rates and that on islands the key factor to enhance conservation is to alleviate pressures from uncontrolled hunting and predation.
Heuristic search for the stacking problem
Authors: Rei Rui Jorge , Pedroso João Pedro 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis paper presents the Stacking Problem, a hard combinatorial optimization problem concerning handling and storage of items in a warehouse, where they are handled by a crane and organized into stacks. We define the problem, study its complexity class, and present a mathematical programming model to solve it. In order to tackle medium‐ or large‐scale instances, we propose a simulation‐based algorithm using semi‐greedy construction heuristics. This simple approach allows for multiple constructions, finding solutions within reasonable time even for large instances. Three semi‐greedy heuristics are proposed and compared in an extensive computational experiment, where we study the relation between the number of constructions and the best solution obtained using each heuristic.
Effect of Pulsatile Left Ventricular Assist System Implantation on Doppler Measurements of Renal Hemodynamics in Patients With Advanced Heart Failure
Authors: Iwashima Yoshio , Yanase Masanobu , Horio Takeshi , Seguchi Osamu , Murata Yoshihiro , Fujita Tomoyuki , Toda Kouichi , Kawano Yuhei , Nakatani Takeshi 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe effects of left ventricular assist system (LVAS) implantation on renal hemodynamics remains to be fully elucidated. We evaluated renal function and intrarenal blood flow in five advanced heart failure patients who had been supported with a Toyobo LVAS for bridge to heart transplantation. Renal function expressed as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the modified formula of Modification of Diet in Renal Disease. Mean blood velocities in the bilateral segmental arteries during systolic and diastolic perfusion were measured using duplex Doppler sonography, and renal vascular resistance (resistive index [RI]) of the segmental arteries was defined as (peak systolic velocity [PSV]—end‐diastolic velocity [EDV])/PSV. All studies were performed before and after implantation (mean duration of support, 15.6 ± 10.9 months). LVAS implantation significantly improved eGFR (42.7 ± 7.9 to 64.1 ± 16.3 mL/min, P <  0.05). Beat‐by‐beat measurements of heart rate did not change significantly. Mean PSV decreased significantly (38.2 ± 8.9 to 28.3 ± 2.2 cm/s, P < 0.05), and mean EDV increased significantly (8.3 ± 3.2 to 11.3 ± 1.3 cm/s, P <  0.05), and thus, mean RI was significantly improved (0.79 ± 0.06 to 0.60 ± 0.04, P < 0.01). In conclusion, in advanced heart failure patients, pulsatile LVAS implantation is associated with improved renal function, and this improvement may be mediated in part through an improvement of intrarenal hemodynamics.
Influence of Bicuspid Valve Geometry on Ascending Aortic Fluid Dynamics: A Parametric Study
Authors: Vergara Christian , Viscardi Francesca , Antiga Luca , Luciani Giovanni Battista 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBicuspid aortic valve (BAV) predisposes to aortic aneurysms with a high prevalence. A first hypothesis for this phenomenon is related to fibrillin deficiency (genetic hypothesis). The present article focused on a complementary, hemodynamic hypothesis stating that it is the peculiar fluid dynamics of blood in the ascending aorta of patients with BAV configurations that leads to aneurysm formation. To corroborate this hypothesis, a parametric study was performed based on numerical simulations of ascending aorta hemodynamics with different configurations of orifice area and valve orientation. The resulting wall shear stress (WSS) distributions and degree of asymmetry of the blood jet were investigated, and surrogate indices introduced. The results showed that WSS was more pronounced in subjects with BAV morphologies, also in the nonstenotic case. In particular, a maximum WSS of 3 Pa was found (vs. 1.5 Pa in subjects with a tricuspid configuration). It is localized at the mid‐ascending aorta, the segment more prone to dilate as shown by the index related to maximum WSS (0.869 in BAV vs. 0.322 in tricuspid). Moreover, the asymmetry of the blood flow was found larger for decreasing valve area, the related index at mid‐ascending aorta being more than three times higher than that found for tricuspid configuration (0.70 vs. 0.20). Further, WSS and flow asymmetry were higher also at the sinus of Valsalva and sinotubolar junction for a latero‐lateral (LL) BAV configuration in keeping with the clinical observation on association between BAV configurations and different aortic aneurysm morphology. These findings may help explain the higher risk of aneurysm formation in BAV patients. The proposed indices will require validation prior to application in clinical settings.
Outcome Measures for Emergency Medicine Residency Graduates: Do Measures of Academic and Clinical Performance During Residency Training Correlate With American Board of Emergency Medicine Test Performance?
Authors: Frederick Richard C. , Hafner John W. , Schaefer Timothy J. , Aldag Jean C. 
Published: October 2011

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2011; 18:S59–S64 © 2011 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineAbstractObjectives:  Emergency medicine (EM) residency programs are increasingly asked to have measurable outcomes of residents’ performance. Successful completion of the written and oral American Board of Emergency Medicine (ABEM) examinations is one key outcome. In the clinical practice of EM, emergency physicians (EPs) are often measured by their clinical productivity (patients per hour). This study explored the correlation between these measures of academic and clinical performance and hypothesized that clinical productivity would have a positive association with ABEM performance.Methods:  A prospective written survey was sent to all EPs completing training at an established Midwest 3‐year EM residency program between 1994 and 2005 (53,000 annual visits in 1994 to 65,000 annual visits in 2005). Physicians self‐reported their national ABEM written and oral board scores in a blinded fashion. Simulated oral board scores and senior written in‐training examination scores were also recorded. Postgraduate Year 3 (PGY3) clinical productivity was calculated as annual patient encounters divided by hours worked. Correlations among these variables were assessed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient, with p < 0.05 being considered statistically significant. Multiple regression analysis was performed for ABEM oral and written examination scores.Results:  Fifty‐six of 85 residents responded to the initial survey. There was no significant correlation between clinical productivity and ABEM scores, either written (r = −0.021, p = 0.881) or oral (r = −0.02, p = 0.879). There was also no significant correlation between productivity and simulated oral board scores (r = 0.065, p = 0.639) of PGY3 in‐training scores (r = 0.078, p = 0.57). As previously reported, there were positive and significant correlations between PGY3 in‐service scores and ABEM written examination scores (r = 0.60, p < 0.0001), as well as ABEM oral and written examination scores (r = 0.51, p < 0.0001). Multiple regression analysis revealed only the PGY3 in‐training examination was a significant predictor of the ABEM oral and written scores (p < 0.001).Conclusions:  PGY3 resident clinical productivity, when measured as patients per hour, correlated poorly with academic performance when measured by written and oral ABEM scores. The PGY3 in‐training examination was predictive of the ABEM written and oral examination scores.
Maternal and neonatal outcomes following induction of labor: a cohort study
Authors: GRIVELL ROSALIE M. , REILLY AIMEE J. , OAKEY HELENA , CHAN ANNABELLE , DODD JODIE M. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract Objective. To evaluate maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with birth at term by week of gestational age and also by onset of labor. Design. Cohort study. Setting. A state‐wide perinatal outcome database. Population. 28 626 women with spontaneous onset of labor, induction of labor for recognized indications and induction of labor for non‐recognized indications. Methods. Cohort study utilizing a validated dataset comparing outcomes with type of onset of labor using a log binomial model. Main outcome measures. Cesarean section, assisted vaginal birth, important measures of maternal and neonatal morbidity. Results. Induction of labor for non‐recognized indications was associated with a significantly increased risk of a range of outcomes, including cesarean section (RR 1.67, 95%CI 1.55–1.80). The lowest risk of adverse maternal and infant outcome occurred with birth between 38 and 39 weeks and with the spontaneous onset of labor. Conclusions. Induction of labor for non‐recognized indications at term is associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes. Caution is warranted with a liberal policy of induction of labor at term in an otherwise uncomplicated pregnancy.
Social capital and self‐rated oral health among young people
Authors: Furuta Michiko , Ekuni Daisuke , Takao Soshi , Suzuki Etsuji , Morita Manabu , Kawachi Ichiro 
Published: October 2011

Furuta M, Ekuni D, Takao S, Suzuki E, Morita M, Kawachi I. Social capital and self‐rated oral health among young people. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2012; 40: 97–104. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract –  Objectives:  A few studies have revealed the impact of neighborhood social capital on oral health among young people. We sought to examine the associations of social capital in three settings (families, neighborhoods, and schools) with self‐rated oral health among a sample of college students in Japan.Methods:  Cross‐sectional survey of 967 students in Okayama University, aged 18 and 19 years, was carried out. Logistic regression was used to examine the associations of poor self‐rated oral health with perceptions of social capital, adjusting for self‐perceived household income category and oral health behaviors.Results:  The prevalence of subjects with poor self‐rated oral health was 22%. Adjusted for gender, self‐perceived household income category, dental fear, toothbrush frequency, and dental floss use, poor self‐rated oral health was significantly associated with lower level of neighborhood trust [odds ratio (OR) 2.22; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.40–3.54] and lower level of vertical trust in school (OR 1.71; 95% CI: 1.05–2.80). Low informal social control was unexpectedly associated with better oral health (OR 0.54; 95% CI: 0.34–0.85).Conclusions:  The association of social capital with self‐rated oral health is not uniform. Higher trust is associated with better oral health, whereas higher informal control in the community is associated with worse oral health.
A case of phlegmesia cerulea dolens after dialysis catheter insertion
Authors: Mufarrij Afif Jean , Hitti Eveline 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPhlegmesia cerulea dolens (PCD) is a rare complication of deep vein thrombosis characterized by massive venous thrombosis leading to arterial compromise and tissue ischaemia. PCD carries high morbidity and mortality and is an often times overlooked cause of acute limb ischaemia that must be recognized and treated promptly. Early referral for percutaneous catheter directed thrombectomy offers an alternative to thrombolysis in patients who present with venous gangrene or fail anticoagulation therapy. A case of PCD is presented in a 71‐year‐old woman with end‐stage renal disease 3 days after right femoral dialysis catheter placement.
Public Service Motivation and Political Action in College Undergraduates
Authors: TAYLOR JAMI KATHLEEN , CLERKIN RICHARD M. 
Published: October 2011

This article extends the application of the public service motivation (PSM) construct from differences between volunteers and employees in the public, nonprofit, and private sectors to the phenomenon of political activities that occurs during the public policy process. Based upon regression analysis performed on a sample of undergraduate students enrolled in introductory political science courses at a large public university, PSM appears to affect overall levels of political participation. Additionally, the rational, normative, and affective dimensions of PSM appear to affect specific types of political activity in different manners. This article argues that the PSM construct provides a way to measure individual‐level receptiveness to civic motivators, an important purposive incentive that spurs political participation.Este artículo extiende la aplicación del constructo motivacional por el servicio público a partir de diferencias entre voluntarios y empleados en el público, organizaciones sin fines de lucro y el sector privado al fenómeno de actividades políticas que ocurren durante el proceso de políticas públicas. Basado en un análisis de regresión usado en una muestra de estudiantes de licenciatura inscritos en un curso introductorio de ciencia política en una importante universidad pública, la motivación por el servicio público parece afectar todos los niveles de participación política. Adicionalmente, las dimensiones racionales, normativas y afectivas de la motivación por el servicio público parecen afectar géneros específicos de actividad política de diferentes maneras. Este estudio argumenta que el constructo motivacional por el servicio público proporciona una forma de medir niveles individuales de receptividad hacia motivadores cívicos, un importante incentivo deliberado que estimula la participación política.
Effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on IEC-6 cell proliferation, migration and morphology of differentiation benefiting intestinal epithelium healing in vitro
Authors: Sun Li-Xin , Chen Li-Hua , Lin Zhi-Bin , Qin Ying , Zhang Jia-Qi , Yang Jing , Ma Jie , Ye Ting , Li Wei-Dong 
Published: October 2011

Abstract

Objectives
Restoration of epithelial continuity in the intestinal surface after extensive destruction is important since intestinal epithelial cells stand as a boundary between the body's internal and external environment. Polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum (Gl-PS) may benefit intestinal epithelial wound healing in different aspects, which awaits clarification. To identify potential effects, a non-transformed small-intestinal epithelial cell line, IEC-6 cells, was used.

Methods
Effects on epithelial cell proliferation, migration, morphology of differentiation and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) protein expression, as well as the cellular ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) mRNA and c-Myc mRNA expression, were assessed, respectively, by MTT assay, wound model in vitro, observation under a microscope after hematoxylin and eosin staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays.

Key findings
It was shown that Gl-PS stimulated IEC-6 cell proliferation and migration significantly in a dose-dependent manner; 10 µg/ml Gl-PS improved the morphology of differentiation in IEC-6 cells. Inefficacy in expression of TGF-β in IEC-6 cells indicated a possible TGF-β independent action of Gl-PS. However, Gl-PS increased ODC mRNA and c-Myc mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner, indicating, at least partially possible involvement of ODC and c-Myc gene expression in improvement of intestinal wound healing.

Conclusions
These results suggest the potential usefulness of Gl-PS to cure intestinal disorders characterized by injury and ineffective repair of the intestinal mucosa.
Three‐dimensional anisotropic adaptive filtering of projection data for noise reduction in cone beam CT
Authors: Maier Andreas , Wigström Lars , Hofmann Hannes G. , Hornegger Joachim , Zhu Lei , Strobel Norbert , Fahrig Rebecca 
Published: October 2011

Purpose:The combination of quickly rotating C‐arm gantry with digital flat panel has enabled the acquisition of three‐dimensional data (3D) in the interventional suite. However, image quality is still somewhat limited since the hardware has not been optimized for CT imaging. Adaptive anisotropic filtering has the ability to improve image quality by reducing the noise level and therewith the radiation dose without introducing noticeable blurring. By applying the filtering prior to 3D reconstruction, noise‐induced streak artifacts are reduced as compared to processing in the image domain.Methods:3D anisotropic adaptive filtering was used to process an ensemble of 2D x‐ray views acquired along a circular trajectory around an object. After arranging the input data into a 3D space (2D projections + angle), the orientation of structures was estimated using a set of differently oriented filters. The resulting tensor representation of local orientation was utilized to control the anisotropic filtering. Low‐pass filtering is applied only along structures to maintain high spatial frequency components perpendicular to these. The evaluation of the proposed algorithm includes numerical simulations, phantom experiments, and in‐vivo data which were acquired using an AXIOM Artis dTA C‐arm system (Siemens AG, Healthcare Sector, Forchheim, Germany). Spatial resolution and noise levels were compared with and without adaptive filtering. A human observer study was carried out to evaluate low‐contrast detectability.Results:The adaptive anisotropic filtering algorithm was found to significantly improve low‐contrast detectability by reducing the noise level by half (reduction of the standard deviation in certain areas from 74 to 30 HU). Virtually no degradation of high contrast spatial resolution was observed in the modulation transfer function (MTF) analysis. Although the algorithm is computationally intensive, hardware acceleration using Nvidia's CUDA Interface provided an 8.9‐fold speed‐up of the processing (from 1336 to 150 s).Conclusions:Adaptive anisotropic filtering has the potential to substantially improve image quality and/or reduce the radiation dose required for obtaining 3D image data using cone beam CT.