bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Psychoanalytic Treatment of a Preschool Boy With a Gender Identity Disorder
Authors: Haber Calvin H. 
Published: June 2009

A three-year, nine-month-old boy began analysis by wishing he was a girl and pretending he was a superheroine. Over the course of almost five years, the cross-gender defense against fear of loss of the object, anal loss, and castration by the object reorganized in all libidinal phases through early latency. Developmental arrests seemed to occur during the anal rapprochement and oedipal phases that led to observable cross-gender strivings by two and a half years of age. The role of early childhood illness, narcissistic vulnerability, mother's childhood wish for a sister, the mother's adult wish for a daughter, a shared fantasy between mother and child, identification with the perceived power and beauty of mother and grandmother, pathological sibling rivalry that influenced identification with his sister, were demonstrated in his play during sessions. Interwoven in the background was the impact of an emotionally absent father, a dying grandfather, and an accident-prone uncle. This paternal matrix seemed to discourage budding masculinity and encourage feminine identifications. The analyst's approach and the child's responses to interpretation of the transference manifestations, cross-gender behavior, fantasies, and play are presented. Finally, the gradual resolution of the conflicted wish to be a girl was supplanted by the emergence of appropriate gender identification. A two-year followup appeared to confirm his postanalytic gender stance and continuing consolidation of stable gender development.
THE USES OF THE PAST AND THE ACTUALIZATION OF A FAMILY ROMANCE
Authors: Viederman Milton 
Published: June 2009

This paper elaborates an aspect of the therapeutic experience of analysis that pertains to the examination of the past as it influences a patient's view of his self-worth and relationship to the world. It is complementary to the usual view of psychoanalytic process that involves analysis of transference resistance, revelation of transference, and the discovery of its genetic roots. I propose an additional therapeutic aspect of the reexperience of the past in which the changed representation of patient as child is validated by a new object, the analyst, who is experienced as a benevolent witness to the past and as a benevolent presence in the past, thereby consolidating the change and influencing the patient's adult self-representation. This therapeutic effect is more likely to be of significance in patients who have experienced parental loss or significant deprivation in childhood. Segments of the analysis of a patient illustrate this point. The patient described "listening to himself with compassion for the child he had been" and being listened to by me in the same way. He became thereby "tolerant and empathetic with the child he had been." The more general implications of this as a vehicle for change in psychoanalysis are discussed. Of ancillary interest was the patient's research into his past and ultimately his actualization of a family romance fantasy with a particular ironic twist. "It is never too late to have a happy childhood" (button worn by patient on his fortieth birthday).
CONNEGTIONISM AND PSYCHOANALYSIS
Authors: Olds David D. 
Published: June 2009

A currently interesting set of models of perception, learning, and cognition---known as connectionist or neural net systems---have contributed to changes in the way cognitive scientists view brain function. A fruitful interaction between brain models and computer models leads us to think that the brain may be less dependent on a central processor, that there may be much brain work that is self-organizing, and that mind-brain dualism may be unnecessary. This article explores the implications for psychoanalytic theory that emerge from these new models. "All current evidence suggests that knowledge in the brain is not represented by a program---a set of instructions for manipulating signs---if anything, it is more likely to be represented by a network of connections."---Heinz R. Pagels The Dreams of Reason
On Grist for the Mill: External Reality as Defense
Authors: Inderbitzin Lawrence B. , Levy Steven T. 
Published: June 2009

The meaning of the "grist for the mill" metaphor has undergone a shift from "analyzing everything" to "everything is analyzable." This is used as a point of departure for exploring some of the multiple, complicated, and often unrecognized ways reality is used defensively by analyst and analysand. The point of view presented is in the spirit of a balancing perspective with regard to current trends in psychoanalysis which emphasize interactions, the analyst' contribution to transference, reality experiences as causation of psychopathology, and the role of the "real" relationship in the mechanism of therapeutic action. “He too wants to experience realities and despises everything that is merely ‘imaginary’”–Sigmund Freud (1917, p. 368)
The Dissociative Character: A Reconsideration Of “Multiple Personality”
Authors: Brenner Ira 
Published: June 2009

The author has interviewed and reviewed the cases of over 100 patients with a suspected diagnosis of multiple personality disorder (MPD). He finds it clinically useful to think of a continuum of character pathology in which dissociative and defensive altered states predominate. At one end of this continuum is MPD, which he considers a lower-level dissociative character. He redefines dissociation as a defensive altered state, due to autohypnosis, which augments repression or splitting. Depending on the degree of integration of the ego, it may result in a broad range of disturbances of alertness, awareness, memory, and identity. Four vignettes are presented which illustrate a transient hypnoid state, "characterological" dissociation in an upper-level dissociative character, and two cases of MPD, including one emerging in analysis. “How didst thou make division of Thyself?”—William Shakespeare, Twelfth Night
Nutrition Assessment in Pediatric Patients Infected With the Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Gorbea‐Robles María del Carmen , Flores‐Hernández Luz M. , Torres‐González Félix , Fuchs‐Tarlovsky Vanessa , Martínez‐Rojano Hugo 
Published: June 2009

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in children is characterized by failure to thrive and usually is associated with protein–energy malnutrition. Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) often leads to fever, additional infections, diarrhea, and malabsorption syndrome. The aim of this study was to compare nutritional status of Mexican children with HIV/AIDS to healthy Mexican children.Thirty‐four patients between 1 month and 15 years of age and infected with HIV/AIDS were subjects of the study. The healthy children used as controls had the same demographics as the experimental group, but without HIV infection or any other chronic or acute illness. All subjects were evaluated to determine nutritional status by using anthropometric, biochemical, and immunologic measurements.The results showed statistically significant differences in the following parameters: height (p < .05), arm circumference and arm muscle circumference (p < .01), triceps skinfold thickness (p < .01), serum albumin (p < .01), serum transferrin (p < .01), iron‐binding capacity (p < .01), hemoglobin (p < .01), globulin (p < .01), nitrogen balance (p < .01), CD8+ T lymphocytes, CD4+ T lymphocytes, and CD4‐CD8 ratio (p < .01).Nutritional status in children is strongly influenced by HIV/AIDS, and thus it is important to monitor their nutritional status continuously. Nutrition education as well as nutritional supplementation is essential to reduce the risk of malnutrition, which decreases quality of life and increases the risk of further opportunistic illnesses.
Semantic Information Fusion for Coordinated Signal Processing in Mobile Sensor Networks
Authors: Friedlander D.S. , Phoha S. 
Published: June 2009

Distributed cognition of dynamic processes is commonly observed in mobile groups of animates like schools of fish, hunting lions, or in human teams for sports or military maneuvers. This paper presents methods for dynamic distributed cognition using an ad hoc mobile network of microsensors to detect, identify and track targets in noisy environments. We develop off-line algorithms for aggregating the most appropriate knowledge abstractions into semantic information, which is then used for on-line fusion of relevant attributes observed by local clusters in the sensor network. Local analysis of time series of sensor data yields aggregated semantic information, which is exchanged across nodes for higher level distributed cognition. This eliminates the need for exchanging high volumes of signal data and, thus reduces bandwidth and energy requirements for battery powered microsensors.
The Application of Remote Sensor Technology To Assist the Recovery of Rare and Endangered Species
Authors: Biagioni Edoardo S. , Bridges K.W. 
Published: June 2009

We describe a wireless sensor network designed for the long-term study of rare and endangered species of plants. We wish to monitor plants and their environment via high-resolution cameras and temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind, and solar radiation sensors. Our units must be “invisible” (camouflaged), very low energy, and must allow distributed local computation. Data rates are 1 to 100 bytes/second per node, but networks can be large — an early prototype had 60 nodes. Failures are expensive and we must exploit redundancy whenever possible. Nodes are stationary but for energy reasons may decline to participate in transmissions. We have designed two wireless routing protocols that satisfy these constraints. Multipath On-demand Routing (MOR) computes multiple optimal routes to avoid depleting the energy at any given node. Geometric Routing scales to large networks, relying on Geographic Routing when possible and on selected global information otherwise. We have simulated and are implementing both protocols.
From understanding society to discovering the subject
Authors: Touraine Alain 
Published: June 2009

Succeeding to the philosophy of law, sociology organized itself no longer around the absolute State but around society itself, conceived as a system, both differenciated and able to control itself. The concepts of institution and socialization formed the core of a large number of analyses which were both theoretical and empirical. But this `classical' view disintegrated itself both because markets eliminated a large part of institutional controls of change and because new social movements, from the 1980's on, rejected this society-centered view of social life. More recently, only the critical approach within this so-called functionalist approach survived actively, interpreting all social categories as instruments serving a domination which is more and more internalized. The most radical wing of the women's movement gave the most elaborate expression of this trend. But it necessarily exhausts itself by its entirely critical and self-destructive point of view. The field of sociology must be entirely redefined. Some introduce the idea of a world — or global — society; some others try to give a new life to basic ideas, such as social bonds, solidarity and communication. A third group, using various vocabularies, gives a central role to the idea of Subject, which is very different from the concept of Self in its classical sense, because the Subject is defined as a self-referential effort of each individual or group to create itself as a principle of integration of more and more diversified experiences.
Regulation of Fas-mediated immune homeostasis by an activation-induced protein, Cyclon
Authors: Saint Fleur Shella , Hoshino Akemi , Kondo Kimie , Egawa Takeshi , Fujii Hodaka 
Published: June 2009

AbstractActivation-induced cell death (AICD) plays an essential role in the contraction of activated T cells after eradication of pathogen. Fas (APO-1/CD95) is one of the key cell surface proteins that mediate AICD in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Despite its prime importance in cell death, regulation of Fas expression in T cells is poorly understood. Here we show that Cyclon, a newly identified cytokine-inducible protein, is induced in T cells on T-cell receptor ligation and important for immune homeostasis. Transgenic expression of Cyclon ameliorated autoimmune phenotype in mice lacking subunits of IL-2R. Transgenic expression of Cyclon markedly enhanced AICD through increased expression of Fas whose expression is essential for Cyclon action. Finally, we demonstrated that activated but not resting CD4+ T cells with targeted deletion of a Cyclon allele show reduced AICD and expression of Fas, indicating a critical role of Cyclon in Fas expression in activated T cells. We think that our data provide insight into expression regulation of Fas in T cells.
Interferon β induces mature dendritic cell apoptosis through caspase-11/caspase-3 activation
Authors: Yen Jui-Hung , Ganea Doina 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Although interferon β (IFNβ) decreases relapse rate and disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS), the mechanisms involved have not been elucidated. The present study is the first report on the apoptotic effect of IFNβ in mature, but not immature, myeloid dendritic cells (DCs). Both exogenous IFNβ added to DCs matured through exposure to proinflammatory cytokines and endogenous IFNβ secreted after lipopolysaccharide stimulation induced DC cell death. Apoptosis of mature DCs required both NF-κB and STAT-1 activation, and was mediated through the induction of caspase-11 expression and activation of caspase-3. In vivo, we observed increased caspase-11 expression and a significant decrease in the number of splenic DCs after lipopolysaccharide administration in wt but not in STAT-1–deficient mice. Since mature DCs are major contributors to the inflammatory response and essential partners in the induction of adaptive immunity, IFNβ-dependent elimination of activated DCs could play an essential role in re-establishing homeostasis, and might represent a new molecular mechanism for the therapeutic effect of IFNβ in MS.
Crystal structure of protein Z–dependent inhibitor complex shows how protein Z functions as a cofactor in the membrane inhibition of factor X
Authors: Wei Zhenquan , Yan Yahui , Carrell Robin W. , Zhou Aiwu 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Protein Z (PZ) binds to PZ-dependent inhibitor (ZPI) and accelerates the inhibition of the coagulation protease, activated factor X (FXa), in the presence of phospholipids and Ca2+. A 2.3Å resolution crystal structure of PZ complexed with ZPI shows that ZPI is a typical serine protease inhibitor and that PZ has a serine protease fold with distorted oxyanion hole and S1 pocket. The 2 molecules bind with fully complementary surfaces spanning over 2400Å2 and involving extensive ionic and hydrophobic interactions. ZPI has an unusual shutter region with a negatively charged residue buried within the hydrophobic core of the molecule. This unique Asp213 is critical in maintaining the balanced metastability required for optimal protease inhibition, especially when PZ is bound, with its replacement with Asn resulting in increased thermal stability, but decreased efficiency of protease inhibition. The structure of ZPI shows negatively and positively charged surfaces on top of the molecule, in keeping with mutagenesis studies in this work indicating exosite interactions with FXa when it docks on top of ZPI. As modeled in this study, the γ-carboxy-glutamic acid-containing domains of PZ and FXa enable them to bind to the same phospholipid surfaces on platelet and other membranes, with optimal proximity for the inhibition of FXa by the complexed ZPI.
Characterization of 35 novel microsatellite DNA markers from the duck (Anas platyrhynchos) genome and cross-amplification in other birds
Authors: Huang Yinhua , Tu Jianfeng , Cheng Xuebo , Tang Bo , Hu Xiaoxiang , Liu Zhaoliang , Feng Jidong , Lou Yankun , Lin Li , Xu Ke , Zhao Yulong , Li Ning 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
In order to study duck microsatellites, we constructed a library enriched for (CA)n, (CAG)n, (GCC)n and (TTTC)n. A total of 35 pairs of primers from these microsatellites were developed and used to detect polymorphisms in 31 unrelated Peking ducks. Twenty-eight loci were polymorphic and seven loci were monomorphic. A total of 117 alleles were observed from these polymorphic microsatellite markers, which ranged from 2 to 14 with an average of 4.18 per locus. The frequencies of the 117 alleles ranged from 0.02 to 0.98. The highest heterozygosity (0.97) was observed at the CAUD019 microsatellite locus and the lowest heterozygosity (0.04) at the CAUD008 locus, and 11 loci had heterozygosities greater than 0.50 (46.43%). The polymorphism information content (PIC) of 28 loci ranged from 0.04 to 0.88 with an average of 0.42. All the above markers were used to screen the polymorphism in other bird species. Two markers produced specific monomorphic products with the chicken DNA. Fourteen markers generated specific fragments with the goose DNA: 5 were polymorphic and 9 were monomorphic. But no specific product was detected with the peacock DNA. Based on sequence comparisons of the flanking sequence and repeat, we conclude that 2 chicken loci and 14 goose loci were true homologous loci of the duck loci. The microsatellite markers identified and characterized in the present study will contribute to the genetic map, quantitative traits mapping, and phylogenetic analysis in the duck and goose.
A region on chicken chromosome 2 affects both egg white thinning and egg weight
Authors: Honkatukia Mervi , Tuiskula-Haavisto Maria , De Koning Dirk-Jan , Virta Anneli , Mäki-Tanila Asko , Vilkki Johanna 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
We describe the results from genetic dissection of a QTL region on chicken chromosome 2, shown to affect egg weight and quality in an earlier genome scan of an F2 intercross between two divergent egg layer lines. As the 90% confidence intervals for the detected QTL covered tens of centiMorgans, new analyses were needed. The datasets were reanalysed with denser marker intervals to characterise the QTL region. Analysis of a candidate gene from the original QTL region, vimentin, did not support its role in controlling egg white thinning. Even after reanalysis with additional seven markers in the QTL area, the 90% confidence intervals remained large or even increased, suggesting the presence of multiple linked QTL for the traits. A grid search fitting two QTL on chromosome 2 for each trait suggested that there are two distinct QTL areas affecting egg white thinning in both production periods and egg weight in the late production period. The results indicate possible pleiotropic effects of some of the QTL on egg quality and egg weight. However, it was not possible to make a distinction between close linkage versus pleiotropic effects.
Transformation of QTL genotypic effects to allelic effects
Authors: Nagamine Yoshitaka 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
The genotypic and allelic effect models are equivalent in terms of QTL detection in a simple additive model, but the QTL allelic model has the advantage of providing direct information for marker-assisted selection. However, the allelic matrix is four times as large as the genotypic IBD matrix, causing computational problems, especially in genome scans examining multiple positions. Transformation from genotypic to allelic effects, after estimating the genotypic effects with a smaller IBD matrix, can solve this problem. Although the validity of transformation from genotypic to allelic effects has been disputed, this work proves that transformation can successfully yield unique allelic effects when genotypic and allelic IBD matrixes exist.
Identification of quantitative trait loci associated with bone traits and body weight in an F2 resource population of chickens*
Authors: Schreiweis Melissa A. , Hester Patricia Y. , Moody Diane E. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Bone fractures at the end of lay are a significant problem in egg-laying strains of hens. The objective of the current study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with bone mineralization and strength in a chicken resource population. Layer (White Leghorn hens) and broiler (Cobb-Cobb roosters) lines were crossed to generate an F2 population of 508Â hens over seven hatches, and 26 traits related to bone integrity, including bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC), were measured. Genotypes of 120 microsatellite markers on 28 autosomal groups were determined, and interval mapping was conducted to identify QTL regions. Twenty-three tests representing three chromosomal regions (chromosomes 4, 10 and 27) contained significant QTL that surpassed the 5% genome-wise threshold, and 47 tests representing 15 chromosomes identified suggestive QTL that surpassed the 5% chromosome-wise threshold. Although no significant QTL influencing BMD and BMC were detected after adjusting for variation in body weight and egg production, multiple suggestive QTL were found. These results support previous experiments demonstrating an important genetic regulation of bone strength in chickens, but suggest the regulation may be due to the effects of multiple genes that each account for relatively small amounts of variation in bone strength.
The 20th anniversary of EMBnet: 20 years of bioinformatics for the Life Sciences community
Authors: D'Elia Domenica , Gisel Andreas , Eriksson Nils-Einar , Kossida Sophia , Mattila Kimmo , Klucar Lubos , Bongcam-Rudloff Erik 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
The EMBnet Conference 2008, focusing on 'Leading Applications and Technologies in Bioinformatics', was organized by the European Molecular Biology network (EMBnet) to celebrate its 20th anniversary. Since its foundation in 1988, EMBnet has been working to promote collaborative development of bioinformatics services and tools to serve the European community of molecular biology laboratories. This conference was the first meeting organized by the network that was open to the international scientific community outside EMBnet. The conference covered a broad range of research topics in bioinformatics with a main focus on new achievements and trends in emerging technologies supporting genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics analyses such as high-throughput sequencing and data managing, text and data-mining, ontologies and Grid technologies. Papers selected for publication, in this supplement to BMC Bioinformatics, cover a broad range of the topics treated, providing also an overview of the main bioinformatics research fields that the EMBnet community is involved in.
'Brukin2D': a 2D visualization and comparison tool for LC-MS data
Authors: Tsagkrasoulis Dimosthenis , Zerefos Panagiotis , Loudos George , Vlahou Antonia , Baumann Marc , Kossida Sophia 
Published: June 2009

Abstract

Background
Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) is a commonly used technique to resolve complex protein mixtures. Visualization of large data sets produced from LC-MS, namely the chromatogram and the mass spectra that correspond to its compounds is the focus of this work.

Results
The in-house developed 'Brukin2D' software, built in Matlab 7.4, which is presented here, uses the compound data that are exported from the Bruker 'DataAnalysis' program, and depicts the mean mass spectra of all the chromatogram compounds from one LC-MS run, in one 2D contour/density plot. Two contour plots from different chromatograph runs can then be viewed in the same window and automatically compared, in order to find their similarities and differences. The results of the comparison can be examined through detailed mass quantification tables, while chromatogram compound statistics are also calculated during the procedure.

Conclusion
'Brukin2D' provides a user-friendly platform for quick, easy and integrated view of complex LC-MS data. The software is available at http://www.bioacademy.gr/bioinformatics/Brukin2d/index.html.