bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Siswa Dalam Memecahkan Masalah Matematika Dengan Model Pembelajaran Treffinger
Authors: Permatasari Neng Yani , Margana Akhmad 
Published: May 2024

To realize the expectation that students be creative and have a mathematical problem-solving ability is good, of course also needed a learning model based on creative problem solving. Among the learning model in question is the learning model Treffinger. This learning model will make students more active and make learning more fun activities. The author would like to see if an increase in the ability of students to solve problems that get Treffinger models better than the students who received the conventional model? The method that I use in this study is the experimental method, that is by giving the treatment at two different sample classes. Based on the research results of the final test can be concluded there is an increase in the ability of students to solve problems that get better Treffinger models compared with the students who get a conventional model.
Untuk mewujudkan harapan agar siswa menjadi kreatif dan memiliki kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika yang baik, tentu dibutuhkan pula model pembelajaran yang berbasis pada pemecahan masalah secara kreatif. Diantaranya model pembelajaran yang dimaksud adalah model pembelajaran Treffinger. Model pembelajaran ini akan menjadikan siswa lebih aktif serta menjadikan kegiatan pembelajaran lebih menyenangkan. Penulis ingin melihat apakah peningkatan kemampuan siswa dalam memecahkan masalah yang mendapatkan model treffinger lebih baik dibandingkan dengan yang siswa yang mendapatkan model konvensional?. Metode yang penulis gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen, yaitu dengan cara memberikan perlakuan pada dua kelas sampel yang berbeda. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tes akhir dapat diambil kesimpulan terdapat peningkatan kemampuan siswa dalam memecahkan masalah yang mendapatkan model treffinger lebih baik dibandingkan dengan yang siswa yang mendapatkan model konvensional.
The Prevalence of Trypanosoma Species in Silver Catfish (Bagrus bajad) from Zobe Reservoir, Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State
Authors: Sadauki Mustapha Amadu , Bako Hadiza , Aisha B. 
Published: May 2024

This research investigates the prevalence of Trypanosoma species in the silver catfish (Bagrus bajad) population in Zobe Reservoir, Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State. The study aims to provide insights into the parasitic infection rates, identify prevalent Trypanosoma species, and assess its potential impacts on the health and population dynamics of silver catfish in the reservoir. A total of 108 silver catfish samples were collected from Zobe Reservoir in Dutsin-Ma, Katsina, Nigeria at bi-weekly intervals, from July-September; 2023 for the discovery of blood parasites and subjected to thorough parasitological examination. Microscopic analysis, including blood smears and tissue samples, was employed to identify and classify Trypanosoma species. Preliminary findings revealed the presence of Trypanosome infections in the silver catfish population, with a variation in prevalence rates among the sampled specimens. The study identifies specific Trypanosoma species affecting the silver catfish in Zobe Reservoir, shedding light on the diversity and distribution of these parasites in the aquatic ecosystem. The Bagrus bajad obtained according to sex indicates 29 males and 79 females were examined. Females had the highest percentage of infection, 10.12%, while males had the lowest percentage of infection, 3.45%. The results of this research contribute valuable data to the understanding of Trypanosome infections in silver catfish populations, with implications for fisheries management, conservation efforts, and the potential transmission of these parasites to other aquatic organisms. Furthermore, the study underscores the importance of continued monitoring and surveillance to assess the dynamic interactions between Trypanosomes and their fish hosts in freshwater ecosystems.
Effects of Sun vs Shade and Leaf Age on Leaf Morphology, Herbivory, and Physical Defenses in the Swiss Cheese Plant (Monstera adansonii)
Authors: Adriana Jacobi  
Published: May 2024

Abstract
One important structural defense of plants is calcium oxalate crystals or raphides. In this project, I studied one species in the plant family Araceae, Monstera adansonii, a widely distributed plant in the tropics, that is known to contain raphides. Plants of this species were sampled in sun or shade locations. For each plant, three leaves were sampled, the first fully expanded leaf on a plant (leaf 1) and two more leaves below it, leaf 3 and leaf 5. For each leaf, I measured: leaf area, number of fenestrations (naturally occurring holes in the leaf), amount of herbivory, and density of raphides. I compared these measures on leaves of different ages from sun versus shade plants. Results showed that: 1) older leaves were significantly larger than younger leaves (P < 0.001), but there was no effect of light environment (P = 0.199); 2) density of raphides was not significantly affected by sun (P = 0.147) and density of raphides decreased with leaf age (P = 0.0097); 3) the number of fenestrations was significantly higher in plants in the sun (P = 0.01), but did not differ with leaf age (P = 0.702); 4) herbivory was not affected by sun exposure (P = 0.29) but was marginally significantly affected by raphide density (P = 0.06). There was a significant interaction between raphide density and light exposure on herbivory, in that in the shade there was a negative relationship where herbivory decreased as raphides increased, but in the sun, a positive relationship where herbivory increases as raphides increase (P = 0.04).
Lay Summary
Deforestation poses significant threats to the fragile ecosystem of tropical rainforests. Costa Rica’s Monteverde Cloud Forest, known for its rich biodiversity, relies on canopy tree cover for habitat protection and the maintenance of ecological balance. Tree loss can have a cascading effect on the ecosystem, which may negatively affect many species. When this balance is disrupted through deforestation, understory plants, such as Monstera adansonii, or the well-known “Swiss cheese” houseplant, are exposed to direct sun and harsh environmental elements. They may be initially ill-equipped to handle these conditions, but plants can physically adapt to their surrounding environment.
To understand how plants may adapt to new conditions, I studied physical differences in Monstera adansonii between shaded understory areas and sunny exposed areas, which are created by forest clearing. I examined its physical differences, including the concentration of calcium oxalate crystals within its leaves. Among others, my results showed that the plants in the sun experienced more damage by herbivores than the plants in the shade. Through this study, I have “shed light” on the effects of deforestation and what this plant and many other understory plants may face as the rate of deforestation increases.
For the full text, please visit https://scholar.colorado.edu/concern/undergraduate_honors_theses/d791sh621.
The Effect of a Mental Health Intervention on Health Behaviors among Cancer Survivors
Authors: Cody Moxam  
Published: May 2024

Background: Adherence to health behavior guidelines (i.e., limiting alcohol use, remaining physically active, maintaining a healthy diet, quitting smoking) for cancer survivors can reduce the risk of cancer recurrence, improve survival rates, and improve quality of life (QOL; WCRF/AICR, 2007; Demark et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2020). Adherence to health behavior guidelines among patients with cancer is low, ranging from 7-40% across health behaviors (Tollosa, 2019).
Methods: The present study evaluated the effectiveness of an acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) group intervention (Valued Living; VL) delivered by social workers in community oncology clinics designed to target anxiety, to improve health behaviors relative to enhanced usual care (EUC). One hundred thirty-five cancer survivors with moderate to high anxiety were randomized 1:1 to Valued Living (VL; a 7-session ACT-informed group) or EUC (usual onsite supportive care plus an emailed list of resources). Participants self-reported health behaviors (i.e., tobacco use, alcohol use, dietary risk behavior, and physical activity) at baseline, and 1-week post-intervention.
Results: There was no statistically significant effect of treatment on health behaviors. Alcohol and tobacco use were not significantly correlated at baseline; physical activity was weakly, negatively correlated with fast food, snacks, or pizza consumption and moderately, positively correlate fruit and vegetable consumption. Fruit and vegetable consumption was weakly, negatively correlated with fast food, snacks and pizza consumption. Binge drinking was moderately positively correlated with soda and sweetened drink intake. Participant health behavior rates were: 9.02% reported tobacco use in the last 30 days; 20.30% binge alcohol use; 46.90% exercised 150 minutes or more each week. Conclusions: Interventions that integrate mental and behavioral health, and/or medical referrals for participants that struggle with health behaviors are needed to improve study beneficence and utiliae a critical opportunity to provide care to people that need it.
For the full text and references, please visit https://scholar.colorado.edu/concern/undergraduate_honors_theses/xk81jm90q.
Humanity
Authors: Malone Madeleine 
Published: May 2024

Grasping the concept of humanity is difficult, and it often feels as though its slipping through your fingers. This is the feeling I was attempting to convey in this piece. The absurdity of life and its disillusionment of normalcy is captivated by the floating orbs and geometric lines throughout this piece, things the hands are never fully able to grasp.
Charcoal and pen on 9"x12" paper
Poise
Authors: Hartley Abby 
Published: May 2024

In this piece, I wished to capture the effortless elegance and cutting silhouette of my muse, with her features bathed in cool light. To give the drawing a soft and smooth feel, I shaded it using a digital brush that mimics the finish of oil paint. Inspired by my love of vintage comics, I then applied a halftone overlay to the piece to achieve a more captivating texture. I also used a gritty halftone brush to add subtle highlights to my muse’s eyelid, urging viewers to focus on her downcast gaze. The dramatic lighting I implemented in this piece highlights a small scar along my subject’s cheekbone, a minute imperfection that fails to detract from her beauty and poise.
Digital drawing, 1620px x 2150px
Screening and construction of nanobodies against human CD93 using phage libraries and study of their antiangiogenic effects
Authors: Miao Hui , Wu Yiling , Ouyang Hao , Zhang Peiwen , Zheng Wenyun , Ma Xingyuan 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundCluster of Differentiation 93 (CD93) plays an important role in angiogenesis and is considered an important target for inhibiting tumor angiogenesis, but there are currently no therapeutic antibodies against CD93 in the clinic. Thus, we describe the screening of novel nanobodies (Nbs) targeting human CD93 from a phage library of shark-derived Nbs.MethodsScreening and enrichment of phage libraries by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Anti-CD93 Nbs were purified by expression in E. coli. The binding affinity of anti-CD93 Nbs NC81/NC89 for CD93 was examined by flow cytometry (FC) and ELISA. The thermal stability of NC81/NC89 was examined by ELISA and CD spectroscopy. Afterward, the anti-angiogenic ability of NC81/NC89 was examined by MTT, wound healing assay, and tube formation assay. The expression level of VE-cadherin (VE-Ca) and CD93 was detected by Western Blot (WB). The binding sites and binding forms of NC81/NC89 to CD93 were analyzed by molecular docking.ResultsThe anti-CD93 Nbs were screened in a phage library, expressed in E. coli, and purified to &gt;95% purity. The results of FC and ELISA showed that NC81/NC89 have binding ability to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The results of ELISA and CD spectroscopy showed that NC81/NC89 retained the ability to bind CD93 at 80°C and that the secondary structure remained stable. In vitro, the results showed that NC81 and NC89 significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as well as tube formation on Matrigel. Western Blot showed that NC81 and NC89 also inhibited the expression of VE-Ca thereby increasing vascular permeability. It was found during molecular docking that the CDR regions of NC81 and NC89 could be attached to CD93 by strong hydrogen bonds and salt bridges, and the binding sites were different.ConclusionWe have successfully isolated NC81 and NC89, which bind CD93, and both Nbs significantly inhibit angiogenesis and increase vascular permeability. These results suggest that NC81 and NC89 have potential clinical applications in angiogenesis-related therapies.
Biomechanical comparisons of F.E.R.I. techniques with different type of intramedullary screws fixation for Jones fractures
Authors: Su Kuo-Chih , Yen Yu-Chun , Wang Chun-Hsiang , Wang Yi-Lun , Wang Shun-Ping 
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Jones fractures frequently fail to unite, and adequate fixation stability is crucial. This study aimed to elucidate the biomechanical stability of various intramedullary screw fixation constructs.Methods: Jones fracture model over the proximal 5th metatarsal of artificial bone was created in all specimens. Six groups were divided based on varied screw constructs with different screw lengths, either 30 or 40 mm, including cannulated screws—C30 and C40 groups, one high-resistance suture combined with intramedullary cannulated screws (F.E.R.I. technique)—CF30 and CF40 groups, and second-generation headless compression screws (SG-HCS) —HL30 and HL40 groups. Mechanical testing was conducted sequentially, and the maximal force (N) and stiffness (N/mm) of all constructs were recorded.Results: The maximal force (N) at 1.0 mm downward displacement in C30, C40, CF30, CF40, HL30, and HL40 groups were 0.56 ± 0.02, 0.49 ± 0.02, 0.65 ± 0.02, 0.49 ± 0.01, 0.68 ± 0.02, and 0.73 ± 0.02, respectively, and the stiffness (N/mm) in subgroups were 0.49 ± 0.01, 0.43 ± 0.01, 0.67 ± 0.01, 0.42 ± 0.01, 0.61 ± 0.01, and 0.58 ± 0.02, respectively. SG-HCS subgroups exhibited greater maximal force and stiffness than conventional cannulated screws. Screws of 30 mm in length demonstrated better stability than all 40 mm-length screws in each subgroup. In C30 fixation, the stiffness and maximum force endured increased by 1.16 and 1.12 times, respectively, compared with the C40 fixation method. There were no significant differences between CF30 and SG-HCS groups. Only the F.E.R.I technique combined with the 4.5 mm cannulated screw of 30 mm in length increased the biomechanical stability for Jones fractures.Discussion: These biomechanical findings help clinicians decide on better screw fixation options for greater stability in Jones fractures, especially when large-diameter screws are limited in use. However, this biomechanical testing of intramedullary screw fixation on Jones fracture model lacks clinical validation and no comparisons to extramedullary plate fixations. Moving forward, additional clinical and biomechanical research is necessary to validate our findings.
Teachers’ role model behavior and the quality of the student–teacher relationship as prerequisites for students’ attitudes toward peers with learning difficulties
Authors: Löper Marwin Felix , Hellmich Frank 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionThe introduction of inclusive education in primary schools has raised many questions about the impact of teachers’ role model behavior on the social participation of students with learning difficulties. Based on the “theory of social referencing,” this study examines whether students’ attitudes toward peers with learning difficulties are predicted by perceptions of their teachers’ role model behavior and the quality of the student–teacher relationship in the classroom.MethodsA questionnaire was completed by N = 753 primary school students regarding their perceptions of the student–teacher relationship, their attitudes toward peers with learning difficulties, and their perceptions of teacher behavior toward students with learning difficulties.ResultsThe results of a structural equation model indicate that students’ attitudes toward peers with learning difficulties can be explained significantly by their perceptions of teacher behavior and their perceptions of the quality of the student–teacher relationship in the classroom. The effect of students’ perceptions of teacher behavior on their attitudes toward peers with learning difficulties is mediated by their perceptions of the student– teacher relationship. Thus, students focus more on teacher behavior when they perceive a positive student–teacher relationship.DiscussionOur findings emphasize the importance of teachers’ role model behavior in inclusive classrooms and offer opportunities to enhance the social participation of students with learning difficulties in inclusive primary school education.
Diagnosis rates, therapeutic characteristics, lifestyle, and cancer screening habits of patients with diabetes mellitus in a highly deprived region in Hungary: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Pártos Kata , Major David , Dósa Norbert , Fazekas-Pongor Vince , Tabak Adam G. , Ungvári Zoltán , Horváth Ildikó , Barta Ildikó , Pozsgai Éva , Bodnár Tamás , Fehér Gergely , Lenkey Zsófia , Fekete Mónika , Springó Zsolt 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionLow socioeconomic status affects not only diagnosis rates and therapy of patients with diabetes mellitus but also their health behavior. Our primary goal was to examine diagnosis rates and therapy of individuals with diabetes living in Ormánság, one of the most deprived areas in Hungary and Europe. Our secondary goal was to examine the differences in lifestyle factors and cancer screening participation of patients with diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes compared to healthy participants.MethodsOur study is a cross-sectional analysis using data from the “Ormánság Health Program”. The “Ormánság Health Program” was launched to improve the health of individuals in a deprived region of Hungary. Participants in the program were coded as diagnosed diabetes based on diagnosis by a physician as a part of the program, self-reported diabetes status, and self-reported prescription of antidiabetic medication. Undiagnosed diabetes was defined as elevated blood glucose levels without self-reported diabetes and antidiabetic prescription. Diagnosis and therapeutic characteristics were presented descriptively. To examine lifestyle factors and screening participation, patients with diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes were compared to healthy participants using linear regression or multinomial logistic regression models adjusted for sex and age.ResultsOur study population consisted of 246 individuals, and 17.9% had either diagnosed (n=33) or undiagnosed (n=11) diabetes. Metformin was prescribed in 75.8% (n=25) of diagnosed cases and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2) in 12.1% (n=4) of diagnosed patients. After adjustment, participants with diagnosed diabetes had more comorbidities (adjusted [aOR]: 3.50, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.34–9.18, p&lt;0.05), consumed vegetables more often (aOR: 2.49, 95% CI: 1.07–5.78, p&lt;0.05), but desserts less often (aOR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.15–0.75, p&lt;0.01) than healthy individuals. Patients with undiagnosed diabetes were not different in this regard from healthy participants. No significant differences were observed for cancer screening participation between groups.ConclusionsTo increase recognition of diabetes, targeted screening tests should be implemented in deprived regions, even among individuals without any comorbidities. Our study also indicates that diagnosis of diabetes is not only important for the timely initiation of therapy, but it can also motivate individuals in deprived areas to lead a healthier lifestyle.
Tryptophan in the mouse diet is essential for embryo implantation and decidualization
Authors: Chen Si-Ting , Ran Feng , Shi Wen-Wen , Liu Cheng-Kan , Wang Peng-Chao , Luo Hui-Na , Yang Zeng-Ming 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionNutritional deficiency occurs frequently during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Tryptophan (Trp), an essential amino acid which is critical for protein synthesis, serves as the precursor for serotonin, melatonin, and kynurenine (Kyn). The imbalance between serotonin and kynurenine pathways in Trp metabolism is closely related to inflammation and depression. This study assessed the effects of Trp deficiency on mouse early pregnancy.MethodsEmbryo implantation and decidualization were analyzed after female mice had been fed diets containing 0.2% Trp (for the control group), 0.062% Trp (for the low Trp group) and 0% Trp (for the Trp-free group) for two months. The uteri of the mice were collected on days 4, 5, and 8 of pregnancy for further analysis.ResultsOn day 8 of pregnancy, the number of implantation sites were found to be similar between the control and the low Trp groups. However, no implantation sites were detected in the Trp-free group. On day 5 of pregnancy, plane polarity- and decidualization-related molecules showed abnormal expression pattern in the Trp-free group. On day 4 of pregnancy, there was no significant difference in uterine receptivity molecules between the low-Trp group and the control group, but uterine receptivity was abnormal in the Trp-free group. At implantation sites of the Trp-free group, IDO and AHR levels were markedly elevated. This potentially increased levels of Kyn, 2-hydroxy estradiol, and 4-hydroxy estradiol to affect decidualization.ConclusionsTrp-free diet may impair decidualization via the IDO-KYN-AHR pathway.
Causal relationships between blood metabolites and diabetic retinopathy: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Yang Chongchao , Ma Yan , Yao Mudi , Jiang Qin , Xue Jinsong 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of diabetes, severely affecting patients’ vision and even leading to blindness. The development of DR is influenced by metabolic disturbance and genetic factors, including gene polymorphisms. The research aimed to uncover the causal relationships between blood metabolites and DR.MethodsThe two-sample mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was employed to estimate the causality of blood metabolites on DR. The genetic variables for exposure were obtained from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) dataset of 486 blood metabolites, while the genetic predictors for outcomes including all-stage DR (All DR), non-proliferative DR (NPDR) and proliferative DR (PDR) were derived from the FinnGen database. The primary analysis employed inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, and supplementary analyses were performed using MR-Egger, weighted median (WM), simple mode and weighted mode methods. Additionally, MR-Egger intercept test, Cochran’s Q test, and leave-one-out analysis were also conducted to guarantee the accuracy and robustness of the results. Subsequently, we replicated the MR analysis using three additional datasets from the FinnGen database and conducted a meta-analysis to determine blood metabolites associated with DR. Finally, reverse MR analysis and metabolic pathway analysis were performed.ResultsThe study identified 13 blood metabolites associated with All DR, 9 blood metabolites associated with NPDR and 12 blood metabolites associated with PDR. In summary, a total of 21 blood metabolites were identified as having potential causal relationships with DR. Additionally, we identified 4 metabolic pathways that are related to DR.ConclusionThe research revealed a number of blood metabolites and metabolic pathways that are causally associated with DR, which holds significant importance for screening and prevention of DR. However, it is noteworthy that these causal relationships should be validated in larger cohorts and experiments.