bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutzerzentrierte Entwicklung des Bediendialoges für die Münchner Fahrkartenautomaten
Authors: Schneider Irka 
Published: August 2012

Zusammenfassung
Fahrkartenautomaten und Kunden – eine Geschichte voller Missverständnisse. Wie oft ist es Ihnen schon so ergangen, dass Sie an einem Automaten ein Ticket kaufen wollten und entweder gar nicht zum Ziel kamen oder nach langem Hin und Her immer noch nicht so recht sicher waren, das richtige Ticket erhalten zu haben. Genau das wollten wir ändern. Unser Ziel war es, Kunden das Gefühl zu vermitteln, vom Automaten verstanden zu werden, und nicht Verständnis für die Eigenheiten des Automaten aufbringen zu müssen. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt am Beispiel der Entwicklung des Bediendialoges für die stationären Fahrkartenautomaten der Münchner Verkehrsgesellschaft (MVG) vor, wie eine nutzerzentrierte Entwicklung der Bedienabläufe an einem digitalen Kommunikationsinstrument wie einem Ticketautomaten funktionieren kann.
Usability-Tests aus der Crowd
Authors: Uebel Benjamin 
Published: August 2012

Zusammenfassung
Webbasierte Do-it-Yourself-Remote-Usability-Tests (RUT) konnten sich neben den klassischen Methoden der Usability-Forschung in den letzten Jahren als weitere Methode zur Untersuchung der Nutzerfreundlichkeit von Webseiten etablieren. Die Attraktivität dieser Verfahren ist hauptsächlich bedingt durch den geringen zeitlichen, monetären und organisatorischen Aufwand. Die vorliegende Vergleichsstudie zeigt, dass die zentralen Ergebnisse von RUTs mit den Ergebnissen von Inhouse-Usabilitytests vergleichbar sind und dass die Methode den Praxisanforderungen von Usability-Testing gerecht wird. Stärken und Limitationen der jeweiligen Verfahren werden diskutiert.
Different PTH response to oral peptone load and oral calcium load in patients with normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism, primary hyperparathyroidism, and healthy subjects
Authors: Invernizzi Marco , Carda Stefano , Righini Velella , Baricich Alessio , Cisari Carlo , Bevilacqua Maurizio 
Published: August 2012

BackgroundNormocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT-N) is a condition that may have similar long-term implications to primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT); however, differential diagnosis and treatment for parathyroid disorders are not clearly defined. We investigated the effect of an oral peptone and an oral calcium load on calcium-regulating hormones in PHPT-N compared with PHPT and healthy controls to provide a new potential diagnostic tool.DesignCase–control study.MethodsWe evaluated serum gastrin, PTH, ionized calcium, and phosphate responses to oral calcium (1 g) and peptone (10 g) load in 22 PHPT and 20 PHPT-N patients matched for PTH serum values. Moreover, 30 healthy subjects were enrolled as controls. In 12 patients for each group, we also performed the oral peptone test adding aluminum hydroxide (AH) to suppress phosphate absorption.ResultsIn PHPT patients, PTH increased significantly 30 min after the oral peptone load, while no significant increase was found in PHPT-N and controls. After oral calcium load, PTH remained stable in PHPT while it decreased dramatically in PHPT-N patients, and ionized calcium increased significantly in each of the three groups. Peptones plus AH induced a blunted PTH increase in the three groups.ConclusionsConsidering the marked difference in PTH response elicited by peptones in PHPT compared with PHPT-N, we suggest that the oral peptone test could be added to the diagnostic evaluation of PHPT patients. In case of absent response to peptones, patients should have their serum calcium levels assessed twice a year in accordance with recent guidelines.
Estradiol acutely inhibits whole body lipid oxidation and attenuates lipolysis in subcutaneous adipose tissue: a randomized, placebo-controlled study in postmenopausal women
Authors: Gormsen Lars Christian , Høst Christian , Hjerrild Britta Eilersen , Pedersen Steen Bønløkke , Nielsen Søren , Christiansen Jens Sandahl , Gravholt Claus Højbjerg 
Published: August 2012

ContextEstradiol (E2) promotes and maintains the female phenotype characterized by subcutaneous fat accumulation. There is evidence to suggest that this effect is due to increased anti-lipolytic α2A-adrenergic receptors, but whether this requires long-term exposure to E2or is an immediate effect is not clear.ObjectiveTo study acute effects of a single dose (4 mg) of 17β-E2on regional and systemic lipolysis.MethodsSixteen postmenopausal women (age, 59±5 years; weight, 67±10 kg; and BMI, 24.8±2.9) were studied in a crossover design: i) placebo and ii) 4 mg E2. Basal and adrenaline-stimulated regional lipolysis was assessed by microdialysis and substrate oxidation rates by indirect calorimetry. Tissue biopsies were obtained to assess lipoprotein lipase activity and mRNA expression of adrenergic, estrogen, cytokine, and vascular reactivity receptors.ResultsAcute E2stimulation significantly attenuated catecholamine-stimulated lipolysis in femoral subcutaneous adipose tissue (interstitial glycerol concentration (micromole/liter) ANOVA time vs treatment interaction,P=0.01) and lipolysis in general in abdominal adipose tissue (ANOVA treatment alone,P<0.05). E2also reduced basal lipid oxidation ((mg/kg per min) placebo, 0.58±0.06 vs E2, 0.45±0.03;P=0.03) and induced a significantly higher expression of anti-lipolytic α2A-adrenergic receptor mRNA (P=0.02) in skeletal muscle tissue as well as an upregulation ofeNOS(NOS3) mRNA (P=0.02).ConclusionE2acutely attenuates the lipolytic response to catecholamines in subcutaneous adipose tissue, shifts muscular adrenergic receptor mRNA toward anti-lipolytic α2A-receptors, decreases whole body lipid oxidation, and enhances expression of markers of vascular reactivity.
Multisite Recruitment and Data Collection Among Older Adults: Exploring Methods to Conserve Human and Financial Resources
Authors: McCarthy Valerie Lander , Cassidy Karen 
Published: August 2012

The purpose of this article is to describe strategies that were effective in recruitment and data collection among older adults in 3 quantitative studies while decreasing costs in terms of time and money. Factors effective in reducing use of investigators’ time and expenses included limiting exclusion of data because of abnormal Mini-Cog scores by careful initial screening and avoiding repeated reminders or follow-up, collecting data in small groups, collapsing consent, dementia screening, and data collection into single sessions, as well as accommodating for sensory and literacy deficits.The cross-sectional, descriptive studies were conducted among community-dwelling older adults attending senior citizen centers and among older adults in independent or assisted living apartments within continuing care retirement communities (CCRCs).1 In the latest study, a convenience sample (N = 152) was recruited and data collection was completed in 4 weeks at a total cost of less than $5,000. Methods common to qualitative research and those commonly used in community-based research were adapted to reduce time and costs for recruitment, screening, and data collection. Given limited availability of research funding, other nursing researchers may find one or more of these methods useful.
Effects of Estrogen Deficiency and/or Caffeine Intake on Alveolar Bone Loss, Density, and Healing: A Study in Rats
Authors: Bezerra Joyce Pinho , de Siqueira Ariane , Pires Amanda Gonçalves , Marques Marcelo Rocha , Duarte Poliana Mendes , Bastos Marta Ferreira 
Published: August 2012

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of caffeine and/or estrogen deficiency on ligature‐induced bone loss (BL), trabecular bone area (TBA), and postextraction bone healing (BH).Methods: Rats were assigned into one of the following groups (15 each): 1) control = non‐ingestion of caffeine/sham surgery; 2) caffeine = ingestion of caffeine/sham surgery); 3) ovariectomized (OVX) = non‐ingestion of caffeine/ovariectomy; or 4) caffeine/OVX = ingestion of caffeine/ovariectomy. The rats were under caffeine administration for 65 days and/or estrogen deficiency for 51 days. On day 21 after ovariectomy, one first mandibular molar received a ligature and the contralateral tooth was not ligated. The first maxillary molars were extracted 8 days before sacrifice. BL, TBA, the positive cells for tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were analyzed in the furcation area of mandibular molars. Histometric BH and gene expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)‐2, BMP‐7, osteopontin, and bone sialoprotein were evaluated in alveolar sockets.Results: The caffeine group presented the greatest BL and the OVX group the highest number of TRAP‐positive (TRAP+) cells around ligated teeth (P <0.05). The control group presented higher TBA and BH than the other groups (P <0.05). All test groups presented higher RANKL/OPG+ cells than the control group around ligated/unligated teeth. The OVX and caffeine/OVX groups presented a greater number of TRAP+ cells around unligated teeth than the control group (P <0.05). There were no differences among groups for gene expression (P >0.05).Conclusions: Caffeine increased BL in ligated teeth. Caffeine and/or estrogen deficiency decreased TBA in the unligated teeth and reduced BH after tooth extraction.
Are There Specific Benefits of Amoxicillin Plus Metronidazole in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans‐Associated Periodontitis? Double‐Masked, Randomized Clinical Trial of Efficacy and Safety
Authors: Mombelli Andrea , Cionca Norbert , Almaghlouth Adnan , Décaillet Fabien , Courvoisier Delphine S. , Giannopoulou Catherine 
Published: August 2012

Background: It has been suggested that prescription of amoxicillin plus metronidazole in the context of periodontal therapy should be limited to patients with specific microbiologic profiles, especially those testing positive for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. The main purpose of this analysis is to determine if patients positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans with moderate to advanced periodontitis benefit specifically from amoxicillin plus metronidazole given as an adjunct to full‐mouth scaling and root planing.Methods: This is a double‐masked, placebo‐controlled, randomized longitudinal study including 41 participants who were positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans and 41 participants who were negative for A. actinomycetemcomitans. All 82 patients received full‐mouth periodontal debridement performed within 48 hours. Patients then received either systemic antibiotics (375 mg amoxicillin and 500 mg metronidazole, three times daily) or placebo for 7 days. The primary outcome variable was persistence of sites with a probing depth (PD) >4 mm and bleeding on probing (BOP) at the 3‐month reevaluation. Using multilevel logistic regression, the effect of the antibiotics was analyzed according to the following factors (interaction effect): A. actinomycetemcomitans–positive or –negative at baseline, sex, age, smoking, tooth being a molar, and interdental location.Results: At reevaluation, participants in the test group had significantly fewer sites with a persisting PD >4 mm and BOP than control patients (P <0.01). Being A. actinomycetemcomitans–positive or –negative did not change the effect of the antibiotics. Patients benefited from the antibiotics irrespective of sex, age, or smoking status. Molars benefited significantly more from the antibiotics than non‐molars (P for interaction effect = 0.03).Conclusions: Patients who were positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans had no specific benefit from amoxicillin plus metronidazole. Sites on molars benefited significantly more from the antibiotics than non‐molar sites.
Objection Sustained: Revolutionary Pedagogical Praxis as an Occupying Force
Authors: McLaren Peter 
Published: August 2012

On April 9, Condoleezza Rice delivered a talk in San Francisco. Or tried to. The former Secretary of State was interrupted repeatedly by cries from the audience of ‘war criminal’ and ‘torturer’. (For which we can thank our comrades in Code Pink and World Can't Wait.) As one of the protesters was being taken away by security guards, Rice made the kind of statement that has now become standard for high American officials under such circumstances: ‘Aren't you glad this lady lives in a democracy where she can express her opinion?’ She also threw in another line that's become de rigueur since the US overthrew Saddam Hussein, an argument that's used when all other arguments fail: ‘The children of Iraq are actually not living under Saddam Hussein, thank God.’ My response to such a line is this: If you went into surgery to correct a knee problem and the surgeon mistakenly amputated your entire leg, what would you think if someone then remarked to you how nice it was that ‘you actually no longer have a knee problem, thank God.’… The people of Iraq no longer have a Saddam problem. (Blum, 2011) Language is an invention that makes it possible for a person to deny what he is doing even as he does it. (Blum, 2012)
An Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Audit Fee Structure and Auditor Selection Rights on Auditor Independence and Client Investment Decisions
Authors: Fatemi Darius J. 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARY
This study uses experimental markets to gain insights into the effect of audit fee structure and auditor selection rights on auditor independence and client investment decisions. I find that firm managers are more willing to make a high cost/return investment under a lowballing setting than when auditors are paid a flat rate. Auditor behavior is primarily summarized as a response to past manager choices; when managers are especially willing to invest and honest, auditors perform fewer tests of manager disclosures. I also show that under manager selection, when lowballing exists, auditors initially attribute a higher accuracy to investigations indicating high manager investment than tests that suggest low investment, but the difference in accuracy assessments dissipates with time. Under investor selection, accuracy assessments of test results do not differ according to their outcome. Further analysis indicates that auditor retention under manager selection is negatively impacted by both unreliable auditing and disagreements with managers, with only the former affecting retention under investor selection.
The Influence of Auditor State-Level Legal Liability on Conservative Financial Reporting in the Property-Casualty Insurance Industry
Authors: Gaver Jennifer J. , Paterson Jeffrey S. , Pacini Carl J. 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARY
This paper provides the first evidence that state-level liability standards affect auditor behavior. We hypothesize that auditors demand more conservative reporting when their insurance clients are domiciled in states with more stringent standards for third-party claims against the auditor for negligence. To test this hypothesis, we analyze a sample of 3,107 loss reserve observations from 1993 through 2004. Our sample is restricted to private insurers that operate in a single state to control for auditor liability under statutory law and to reduce the possibility of forum shopping by plaintiffs. Consistent with Petroni (1992), we find that financially struggling insurers tend to under-reserve. This behavior is attenuated when the insurer is domiciled in a state that uses either the Restatement of Torts or the reasonable foreseeability standard to determine the auditor's liability to third parties. Compared to the case where the auditor's liability is defined by the legal concept of privity, these standards impose greater legal costs on auditors for ordinary negligence.
JEL Classifications: M41; M42; G22; K13.
Abnormal Audit Fee and Audit Quality
Authors: Asthana Sharad C. , Boone Jeff P. 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARY
This study tests the hypotheses that below-normal audit fees signal important nuances in the balance of bargaining power between the auditor and the client, and that such power may ultimately influence audit quality. We find that audit quality, proxied by absolute discretionary accruals and meeting or beating analysts' earnings forecasts, declines as negative abnormal audit fees increase in magnitude, with the effect amplified as proxies for client bargaining power increase. We find that this effect is dampened in years following the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX), suggesting that SOX was effective in enhancing auditor independence.
Changes in Audit Market Competition and the Big N Premium
Authors: Carson Elizabeth , Simnett Roger , Soo Billy S. , Wright Arnold M. 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARY
We respond to calls for research into the effect of the decline in the number of Big N firms on market power and consequential impact on competition (U.S. Department of the Treasury 2008; European Commission 2010; U.K. House of Lords 2011) by analyzing the change in Big N audit fee premium over the Big 6, Big 5, and Big 4 periods, and across different client segments. Using a large sample of Australian publicly listed companies over the years 1996–2007, we find that while premiums paid to Big N auditors have increased significantly for the Big 4 and Big 5 periods compared to the Big 6 period, the growth has not been shared equally across all client segments. In particular, while the largest global clients pay some of the highest premiums, the increase in premiums for this group in the Big 4 period has been lower than those experienced by other clients. We also observe that premiums paid to industry specialists have declined relative to the Big 6 period, but fee discounts offered to clients switching to a Big N auditor from a non-Big N auditor have increased. In all, we find that the premiums paid by Big N clients increased in line with consolidation in the number of Big N audit firms, but the impact varied across client segments.
A new species of Aspiculuris Schulz, 1924 (Nematoda, Heteroxynematidae) from the gray-sided vole, Clethrionomys rufocanus (Rodentia, Cricetidae), from Tianjin, China
Authors: Liu Baochen , Bu Yanzhen , Zhang Luping 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAspiculuris tianjinensis sp. nov. recovered from the intestine of Clethrionomys rufocanus from Tianjin, China is described and illustrated using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The new species differs from congeners in the shape of the cervical alae, and the number and arrangement of caudal papillae.
Menzbieria chalcographi, a new neogregarine pathogen of the great spruce bark beetle, Dendroctonus micans (Kugelann) (Curculionidae, Scolytinae)
Authors: Yaman Mustafa , Radek Renate 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis study concerns a new neogregarine parasitic in the great spruce bark beetle Dendroctonus micans (Kugelann) (Curculionidae, Scolytinae). The rate of infection was high, reaching 27.3%. There was no difference in the rate of infection of male and female beetles. The life-cycle stages of the pathogen were described by light and electron microscopy. Each gametocyst of the neogregarine included 8–16 actinocephalid oocysts measuring 11.19 ± 0.42 × 4.99 ± 0.25 μm. The described pathogen has the typical characteristics of members of the genus Menzbieria within the order Neogregarinida and it was identified as Menzbieria chalcographi. This is the first record of an infection of D. micans by M. chalcographi. Possibly, this pathogen could be useful for the biological control of this destructive bark beetle.
Ornithodoros quilinensis sp. nov. (Acari, Argasidae), a new tick species from the Chacoan region in Argentina
Authors: Venzal José , Nava Santiago , Mangold Atilio , Mastropaolo Mariano , Casás Gustavo , Guglielmone Alberto 
Published: August 2012

AbstractOrnithodoros quilinensis sp. nov. (Acari: Argasidae) is described from larvae collected on the small rodents Graomys centralis (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) in Argentina. The diagnostic characters for this new species are a combination of small size (520–540 μm), a dorsal plate oval in shape with a length of approximately 200 μm, 14 pairs of dorsal setae, hypostome short and narrower at the base (length from Ph1 to apex 133 μm (120–141)) with dental formula 2/2 and apex blunt, and the capsule of the Haller’s organ irregular in shape and without reticulations. The analysis of the 16S rDNA sequences available for the genus Ornithodoros indicate that, phylogenetically, O. quilinensis represents an independent lineage only related to a Bolivian tick species of the genus Ornithodoros yet not formally described.
The kinetics of clustering in Al–Mg–Si alloys studied by Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Liang Zeqin , Chang Cynthia Sin Ting , Abromeit Christian , Banhart John , Hirsch Jürgen 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The kinetics of clustering in Al–Mg–Si alloy is studied by means of Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. The simulations take into account the probability of vacancy jumping to nearest neighbour sites. This probability is calculated by considering both the activation energies for single vacancy migration and the difference of interaction energies before and after jumping. The simulations show that clustering in Al–Mg–Si is fast and takes place in three stages. In the initial stage, dimers, trimers and small co-clusters form. The number density of such clusters increases rapidly and solute atoms aggregate to those clusters until a maximum number density value is reached after 2 min. In the second stage, from 2 min to around 100 min, a decrease in the number density of clusters is accompanied by an increase in the fraction of solute contained in all the clusters. Finally, a further reduction in the cluster number density is observed, while the amount of solute atoms in the clusters remains constant. We discuss how robust the results are with respect to changes in the input parameters.
Comment to the paper “Re-evaluation of activities of magnesium and zinc components in the magnesium–zinc binary system from very low to high temperature”
Authors: Schmid-Fetzer Rainer 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
In the paper “Re-evaluation of activities of magnesium and zinc components in the magnesium–zinc binary system from very low to high temperature” by Morishita et al. [1], which recently appeared as a Feature Article in this journal, the authors made the following three statements, commencing with the first sentence of the abstract:

1.
The activities of zinc, a
Zn, and magnesium, a
Mg, from very low to high temperatures in the Mg–Zn binary system were evaluated for the first time from the relationship between the Gibbs energies of formation, Δf
G°
T
, of Mg48Zn52, Mg2Zn3, MgZn2 and Mg2Zn11 and their phase equilibria.”

2.
It was found that the a
Zn and a
Mg values in the compounds steeply changed from the minimum to maximum as a function of the composition in a narrow solubility range.”

3.
“…at very low temperatures, a
Zn and a
Mg were very small approaching to zero, …”; “The values of log a
Zn and log a
Mg in the two-phase regions were found to be decreased … and resulted in very small values”.

These three statements are disputed and commented below. For convenience, let us start with the second statement.