bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of the Finite Element and Finite Volume Methods for Large Eddy Simulation in Homogeneous Isotropic Turbulence
Authors: Uddin M. A. , Kato C. , Oshima N. , Tanahashi M. , Miyauchi T. 
Published: May 2010

Large eddy simulation (LES) in homogeneous isotropic turbulence is performed by using the Finite element method (FEM) and Finite volume vethod (FVM) and the results are compared to show the performance of FEM and FVM numerical solvers. The validation tests are done by using the standard Smagorinsky model (SSM) and dynamic Smagorinsky model (DSM) for subgrid-scale modeling. LES is performed on a uniformly distributed 643 grids and the Reynolds number is low enough that the computational grid is capable of resolving all the turbulence scales. The LES results are compared with those from direct numerical simulation (DNS) which is calculated by a spectral method in order to assess its spectral accuracy. It is shown that the performance of FEM results is better than FVM results in this simulation. It is also shown that DSM performs better than SSM for both FEM and FVM simulations and it gives good agreement with DNS results in terms of both spatial spectra and decay of the turbulence statistics. Visualization of second invariant, Q, in LES data for both FEM and FVM reveals the existence of distinct, coherent, and tube-like vortical structures somewhat similar to those found in instantaneous flow field computed by the DNS. Keywords: Large eddy simulation; Validation; Smagorinsky model; Dynamic Smagorinsky model; Tube-like vortical structure; Homogeneous isotropic turbulence. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i2.2582 J. Sci. Res. 2 (2), 237-249 (2010)
Conversion of Waste Agriculture Biomass to Bioethanol by Recombinant <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>
Authors: Saleh A. A. , Hamdan S. , Annaluru N. , Watanabe S. , Rahman M. R. , Kodaki T. , Makino K. 
Published: May 2010

Agricultural waste biomass has already been transferred to bioethanol and used as energy related products, although many issues such as efficiency and productivity still to be overcome. In this study, the protein engineering was applied to generate enzymes with completely reversed coenzyme specificity and developed recombinant yeasts containing those engineered enzymes for construction of an efficient biomass-ethanol conversion system. Recombinant yeasts were constructed with the genes encoding a wild type xylose reductase (XR) and the protein engineered xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) (with NADP) of Pichia stipitis. These recombinant yeasts were characterized based on the enzyme activity and fermentation ability of xylose to ethanol. The protein engineered enzymes were expressed significantly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as judged by the enzyme activity in vitro. Ethanol fermentation was measured in batch culture under anaerobic conditions. The significant enhancement was found in Y-ARS strain, in which NADP+-dependent XDH was expressed; 85% decrease of unfavorable xylitol excretion with 26% increased ethanol production, when compared with the reference strain expressing the wild-type XDH. Keywords: Agricultural waste biomass; Protein engineering; Xylitol dehydrogenase; Xylose-fermentation; Eethanol production. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i2.2882 J. Sci. Res. 2 (2), 351-361 (2010)
Nutrient Analysis of Some Commercially Important Molluscs of Bangladesh
Authors: Baby R. L. , Hasan I. , Kabir K. A. , Naser M. N. 
Published: May 2010

This proximate study was carried out to determine the nutrient content of six commercially important molluscs. The selected molluscan species were Pila globosa, Bellamya bengalensis, Melania tuberculata, Lamellidens marginalis, Anisus convexiusculus and Helix sp. These species were assessed for their proximate and mineral compositions designed to establish their nutritive values on the wet weight basis. The analysis of muscles revealed that the composition of crude protein varied from 8.272%±0.05% in Pila globosa to 12.927%±0.57% in Anisus convexiusculus, moisture content varied from 74.6%±0.04% in Melania tuberculata to 85.9%±0.68% in Lamellidens marginalis and in case of ash content it varied from 1.036%±0.02% in Pila globosa to 4.607%±0.01% in Anisus convexiusculus. Carbohydrate content varied from 2.902±0.03% in Pila globosa and 7.566%±0.37% in Melania tuberculata. The fat and crude fiber content was marginally small in all of the species. The concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium and potassium in the flesh and shells of the molluscs were determined. It becomes pretty clear that molluscs are excellent sources of some required trace and minor elements needed for the proper growth and development of human being and can also be used as high-nutrient supplementary feed for domestic animals, birds and even for fish culture. Keywords: Freshwater; Snails; Proximate analysis; Nutrition; Minerals. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i2.3362 J. Sci. Res. 2 (2), 390-396 (2010)
Socio-economic Impact of Community Based Fish Culture on Seasonal Floodplain <i>Beel</i> - A Comparative Study
Authors: Hossain M. I. , Siwar C. , Mokhtar M. B. , Dey M. M. , Jaafar A. H. 
Published: May 2010

Beel Mail is a 100 ha seasonal floodplain beel where community based fish culture was introduced during rainy season with 73 community members by department of fisheries with the funding support of WorldFish Center in year 2006. Socio-economic impact of this management was compared with control beel Chandpur. Beel Chandpur is 200 ha seasonal floodplain beel where also 16 landowner part time fishermen introduced fish culture during flooding. Beel Mail was stocked with 34.93 kg ha-1 fish fingerlings and beel Chandpur was stocked with 9.68 kg ha-1. Fish was harvested after about 6 months culture period and it was noticed that the gross production was about 4.7 times higher in the project site than the control site. Farmers obtained TK 7481.23 ha-1 as net return based on production cost in beel Mail and TK 3261.90 ha-1 as net return based on production cost in beel Chandpur. Average fish consumption increased by 20.49% in project site. In addition, future stocking and saving fund for fishermen society were established and sharing of benefit from fish culture was more evenly distributed between landowners and landless fishermen in project site than control beel. Keywords: Beel; Landowner; Landless; Community based fisheries management. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i2.3430 J. Sci. Res. 2 (2), 369-379 (2010)
Ovarian Development of the Mud Crab <i>Scylla paramamosain</i> in a Tropical Mangrove Swamps, Thailand
Authors: Islam M. S. , Kodama K. , Kurokora H. 
Published: May 2010

The present study describes the ovarian development stages of the mud crab, Scylla paramamosain from Pak Phanang mangrove swamps, Thailand. Samples were taken from local fishermen between June 2006 and December 2007. Ovarian development was determined based on both morphological appearance and histological observation. Ovarian development was classified into five stages: proliferation (stage I), previtellogenesis (II), primary vitellogenesis (III), secondary vitellogenesis (IV) and tertiary vitellogenesis (V). The formation of vacuolated globules is the initiation of primary vitellogenesis and primary growth. The follicle cells were found around the periphery of the lobes, among the groups of oogonia and oocytes. The follicle cells were hardly visible at the secondary and tertiary vitellogenesis stages. Yolk granules occurred in the primary vitellogenesis stage and are first initiated in the inner part of the oocytes, then gradually concentrated to the periphery of the cytoplasm. The study revealed that the initiation of vitellogenesis could be identified by external observation of the ovary but could not indicate precisely. Keywords: Ovarian maturation; Ovarian histology; Mud crab; Scylla paramamosain. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i2.3543 J. Sci. Res. 2 (2), 380-389 (2010)
Substituent Electronic Effects on the Mulliken Charges of N-(4-Substituted Benzylidene)-1-Phenylmethanamine Oxide Elucidated by DFT Calculations
Authors: Essa A. H. 
Published: May 2010

Calculations based on density functional methods are carried out to investigate the effects of a variety of substituents (NMe2, OMe, Me, F, H, Cl, CN, NO2) on the Mulliken charges (QM) for Ca and N atoms of N-(4-Substituted benzylidene)-1-phenylmethanamine oxide using Hammett’s MSP and Taft’s DSP equations. The MSP and DSP correlations give normal substituent effect at Ca and N atom sites. This can be attributed to extended pi-polarization, which predominates over the localized pi-polarization. Keywords: Correlation analysis; Hammett’s and Taft’s equations; Nitrone compounds; pi-polarization; Mulliken charges; DFT calculation. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i2.3634 J. Sci. Res. 2 (2), 330-336 (2010)
Synthesis of 2,4,6-triarylpyridines Using AlPO<sub>4</sub> Under Solvent-free Conditions
Authors: Rajput P. , Subhashini N. J. P. , Raj Shiva 
Published: May 2010

A series of 2,4,6-triarylpyridines have been prepared using a variety of aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes in the presence of aluminum phosphate (AlPO4) as a heterogeneous catalyst at 120 oC under solvent-free conditions. The present methodology offers several advantages such as excellent yields, simple procedure, shorter reaction times, milder conditions and the catalyst exhibited remarkable reusable activity. Keywords: Aluminum phosphate; 2,4,6-triarylpyridines; One-pot synthesis; Shorter reaction times; Reusable activity. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i2.3859 J. Sci. Res. 2 (2), 337-342 (2010)
Effect of pH on Metal Extraction From Bauxite Ore by <i>Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans</i>
Authors: Khan Z. S. , Shaikh S. M. , Ade A. B. 
Published: May 2010

The extremophile, Thiobacillus ferrooxidans was selected to study the effect of pH on metal extraction from bauxite ore. This bacterium was inoculated in 9K medium having different pH, along with the bauxite ore, as metal source. After one month of incubation the extraction of metals aluminum and iron was measured by spectrophotometric methods. It was found that the extraction of aluminum was found better as compare to iron from bauxite at pH 2. Keywords: Aluminum; iron; metal extraction; pH; Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i2.4020 J. Sci. Res. 2 (2), 403-406 (2010)
Unfolding Low-Energy Gamma-Ray Spectrum Obtained with NaI(Tl) in Air Using Matrix Inversion Method
Authors: Rahman M. S. , Cho G. 
Published: May 2010

Matrix inversion method is presented to unfold the gamma-ray spectrum obtained with an NaI(Tl) detector using several standard gamma-ray sources. The method is based on response matrix generated by Monte Carlo simulation of mono-energy gamma-ray photon ranging from 10 keV to 1 MeV in step of 10 keV. The comparison of the measured and simulated response function was also performed in order to validate the simulation response function. Good agreement was achieved around the photo-peak region of the spectrum, but slight deviation was observed at low energy region especially at Compton continuum region. The Compton continuum count was significantly transferred into the corresponding photo-peak and consequently the peak to background ratio was improved substantially by the application of the unfolding method. Therefore, small peak can be identified and analyzed that would otherwise be lost in the background. Keywords: Gamma-ray spectrum; Unfold; NaI(Tl). © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i2.4372 J. Sci. Res. 2 (2), 221-226 (2010)
Numerical Solutions of Fredholm Integral Equations Using Bernstein Polynomials
Authors: Shirin A. , Islam M. S. 
Published: May 2010

In this paper, Bernstein piecewise polynomials are used to solve the integral equations numerically. A matrix formulation is given for a non-singular linear Fredholm Integral Equation by the technique of Galerkin method. In the Galerkin method, the Bernstein polynomials are used as the approximation of basis functions. Examples are considered to verify the effectiveness of the proposed derivations, and the numerical solutions guarantee the desired accuracy. Keywords: Fredholm integral equation; Galerkin method; Bernstein polynomials. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i2.4483 J. Sci. Res. 2 (2), 264-272 (2010)
Paratesticular myxoid liposarcoma in a 23-year old Nigerian
Authors: Ugwumba Fred O , Okafor Okechukwu C , Nnakenyi Emeka F , Nnabugwu Ikenna I , Mbadiwe Okezie M 
Published: May 2010

Paratesticular liposarcomas are rare tumors and are usually seen in patients in middle age or older. Optimal treatment is radical orchidectomy. Radiotherapy or chemotherapy is added for advanced disease or recurrences. These practice guidelines often vary from the experience in developing countries. We present a 23-year old man who presented with paratesticular myxoid liposarcoma, after transscrotal orchidectomy for ‘testicular tumor’ without histology. He was subsequently managed by neoadjuvant chemotherapy and complete tumor excision. A case of paratesticular myxoid liposarcoma in a young man is highlighted. Also noted is the fact that complete extirpation at primary surgery reduces the risk of local recurrence. The practice of transscrotal orchidectomy and non-submission of surgical specimens is highlighted and condemned.
Fertility-sparing operation for recurrence of uterine cervical perivascular epithelioid cell tumor
Authors: Yamamoto Eiko , Ino Kazuhiko , Sakurai Maiko , Takigawa Sachiko , Iwase Akira , Kikkawa Fumitaka 
Published: May 2010

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComa) are mesenchymal tumors composed of histologically and immunohistochemically distinctive perivascular epithelial cells. Although the uterine corpus seems to be one of the most prevalent sites of involvement, PEComa of the uterine cervix are very rare. Only four cervical PEComa cases have been described, and were treated with hysterectomy and radiotherapy. We report a case of a 24-year-old nulligravida woman who presented with acute abdominal pain and was diagnosed with a rupture of an ovarian chocolate cyst. Subsequent surgery revealed that the tumor arose in the uterus, and the histological diagnosis was uterine PEComa with low potential malignancy. Recurrent PEComa in the uterine cervix were excised twice, and she remains disease free 12 months after the last operation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of recurrent cervical PEComa with fertility-preserving surgery. Estimating the malignant potential and appropriate surgery are essential for young patients with uterine PEComa.
Telemedicine
Authors: Holtz B. , LaPlante C. , Whitten P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAs the health care industry is facing many challenges and is undergoing extensive change, telemedicine is in the position to address these challenges and be an important part of health care’s development. Telemedicine has been used for approximately a half century, in which researchers have explored the different technologies utilized, clinical outcomes, cost benefits, perceptions, and adoption challenges of its use. This paper reviews and summarizes these findings and presents possible future research endeavors. Examining what is known about telemedicine can aid in the development of innovative, sustainable and beneficial health technologies that could positively impact health care delivery and outcomes.
Citation: Whitten P, Holz B, LaPlante C. Telemedicine – what have we learned? Appl Clin Inf 2010; 1: 132–141 http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2009-12-R-0020
Strain‐Gradient Elasticity for Bridging Continuum and Atomistic Estimates of Stiffness of Binary Lennard‐Jones Crystals
Authors: Gusev Andrei A. , Lurie Sergey A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractLagrangian variational approach is employed to derive the equations of equilibrium of strain‐gradient elasticity. For a periodic lamellar‐morphology strain‐gradient medium, we present an exact formula for the overall, system stiffness. We compare the formula with direct atomistic estimates of stiffness of binary Lennard‐Jones crystals. The comparison reveals that the strain‐gradient formula remains fairly accurate for all the crystals studied, including those with order of unity atoms in the crystal unit cell. Thus, one can surmise that the strain‐gradient correction alone can already be sufficient to extend the scope of validity of continuum‐level elasticity to near atomistic length scales.
Simultaneous Optimization of Luminance and Color Chromaticity of Phosphors Using a Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Sharma Asish Kumar , Son Kyung Hyun , Han Bo Yong , Sohn Kee‐Sun 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAcquiring materials that simultaneously meet two or more conflicting requirements is very difficult. For instance, a situation wherein the color chromaticity and photoluminescence (PL) intensity of phosphors conflict with one another is a frequent problem. Therefore, identification of a good phosphor that simultaneously exhibits both desirable PL intensity and color chromaticity is a challenge. A high‐throughput synthesis and characterization strategy that was reinforced by a nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA)‐based optimization process was employed to simultaneously optimize both the PL intensity and color chromaticity of a MgO–ZnO–SrO–CaO–BaO–Al2O3–Ga2O3–MnO system. NSGA operations, such as Pareto sorting and niche sharing, and the ensuing high‐throughput synthesis and characterization resulted in identification of promising green phosphors, i.e., Mn2+‐doped AB2O4 (A = alkali earth, B = Al and Ga) spinel solid solutions, for use in either plasma display panels or cold cathode fluorescent lamps.
Synthesis and Lithium Storage Properties of Co3O4 Nanosheet‐Assembled Multishelled Hollow Spheres
Authors: Wang Xi , Wu Xing‐Long , Guo Yu‐Guo , Zhong Yeteng , Cao Xinqiang , Ma Ying , Yao Jiannian 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSingle‐, double‐, and triple‐shelled hollow spheres assembled by Co3O4 nanosheets are successfully synthesized through a novel method. The possible formation mechanism of these novel structures was investigated using powder X‐ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopies, Fourier transform IR, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Both poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) soft templates and the formation of cobalt glycolate play key roles in the formation of these novel multishelled hollow structures. When tested as the anode material in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), these multishelled microspheres exhibit excellent cycling performance, good rate capacity, and enhanced lithium storage capacity. This superior cyclic stability and capacity result from the synergetic effect of small diffusion lengths in the nanosheet building blocks and sufficient void space to buffer the volume expansion. This facile strategy may be extended to synthesize other transition metal oxide materials with hollow multishelled micro‐/nanostrucutures, which may find application in sensors and catalysts due to their unique structural features.
Poly(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) Brushes with Incorporated Nanoparticles as a SERS Active Sensing Layer
Authors: Gupta Smrati , Agrawal Mukesh , Conrad Marc , Hutter Naima Aurelia , Olk Phillip , Simon Frank , Eng Lukas M. , Stamm Manfred , Jordan Rainer 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA simple, fast, and versatile approach to the fabrication of outstanding surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates by exploiting the optical properties of the Ag nanoparticles and functional as well as organizational characteristics of the polymer brushes is reported. First, poly(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) brushes are synthesized directly on glassy carbon by self‐initiated photografting and photopolymerization and thoroughly characterized in terms of their thickness, wettability, morphology, and chemical structure by means of ellipsometry, contact angle, AFM, and XPS, respectively. Second, Ag nanoparticles are homogeneously immobilized into the brush layer, resulting in a sensor platform for the detection of organic molecules by SERS. The surface enhancement factor (SEF) as determined by the detection of Rhodamine 6G is calculated as 6 × 106.
A Versatile Solvent‐Free “One‐Pot” Route to Polymer Nanocomposites and the in situ Formation of Calcium Phosphate/Layered Silicate Hybrid Nanoparticles
Authors: Weickmann Hans , Gurr Matthias , Meincke Olaf , Thomann Ralf , Mülhaupt Rolf 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPoly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polystyrene (PS), and polyurethane (PU) nanocomposites containing well‐dispersed calcium phosphate/layered silicate hybrid nanoparticles were prepared in a versatile solvent‐free “one‐pot” process without requiring separate steps, such as organophilic modification, purification, drying, dispersing, and compounding, typical for many conventional organoclay nanocomposites. In this “one‐pot” process, alkyl ammonium phosphates were added as swelling agents to a suspension of calcium/layered silicate in styrene, methyl methacrylate, or polyols prior to polymerization. Alkyl ammonium phosphates were prepared in situ by reacting phosphoric acid with an equivalent amount of alkyl amines such as stearyl amine (SA) or the corresponding ester‐ and methacrylate‐functionalized tertiary alkyl amines, obtained via Michael Addition of SA with methyl acrylate or ethylene 2‐methacryloxyethyl acrylate. Upon contact with the calcium bentonite suspension, the cation exchange of Ca2+ in the silicate interlayers for alkyl ammonium cations rendered the bentonite organophilic and enabled effective swelling in the monomer accompanied by intercalation and in situ precipitation of calcium phosphates. According to energy dispersive X‐ray analysis, the calcium phosphate precipitated exclusively onto the surfaces of the bentonite nanoplatelets, thus forming easy‐to‐disperse calcium phosphate/layered silicate hybrid nanoparticles. Incorporation of 5–15 wt% of such hybrid nanoparticles into PMMA, PS, and PU afforded improved stiffness/toughness balances of the polymer nanocomposites. Functionalized alkyl ammonium phosphate addition enabled polymer attachment to the nanoparticle surfaces. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses of PU and PU‐foam nanocomposites, prepared by dispersing hybrid nanoparticles in the polyols prior to isocyanate cure, revealed the formation of fully exfoliated hybrid nanoparticles.