bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of unsolicited first‐person written illness narratives in research: systematic review
Authors: O’Brien Mary R. , Clark David 
Published: June 2010

o’brien m.r. & clark d. (2010) Use of unsolicited first‐person written illness narratives in research: systematic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(8), 1671–1682.AbstractTitle.  Use of unsolicited first‐person written illness narratives in research: systematic review. Aim.  This paper is a report of a methodological systematic review conducted to critically analyze the use of unsolicited first‐person written illness narratives for research purposes.Background.  Documenting illness experiences through written narratives enables individuals to record the impact of illness on themselves and those closest to them. In health research, unsolicited first‐person written illness narratives are recognized increasingly as legitimate data sources. To date there has been no critical evaluation of the method.Data Sources.  The ISI Web of Knowledge; CINAHL; PubMed; MEDLINE; PsycINFO; Science Direct; Cochrane Library databases and the internet metasearch engine ‘Dogpile’ were searched for the period up to 2009. The search terms were: ‘patient experience’, ‘narratives’, ‘autobiography’, ‘pathography’, ‘written narratives’, ‘illness narratives’, ‘internet’, ‘published’, ‘unsolicited’.Review Methods.  Recommendations within the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination guidance informed the review. Eligible studies were evaluated according to inclusion/exclusion criteria. The data were extracted by one reviewer and monitored by the second reviewer.Findings.  Eighteen papers met the inclusion criteria, 12 from the original search in 2008 and six from the updated search in October 2009. Nine used unpublished (internet) narratives, eight used published (print) accounts and one drew on both genres. The method has been used to explore a wide range of illness experiences. There was lack of agreement on key terminology. Methodological issues were often poorly‐described, and confused ethical stances were reported.Conclusion.  The lack of methodological detail in published papers requires attention if this method is to be used effectively in healthcare research. The confused ethical stance adopted needs to be addressed and clarified. A theoretical conceptual framework to define and describe the method accurately is urgently required.
Combined application of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health and the NANDA‐International Taxonomy II
Authors: Boldt Christine , Grill Eva , Bartholomeyczik Sabine , Brach Mirjam , Rauch Alexandra , Eriks‐Hoogland Inge , Stucki Gerold 
Published: June 2010

boldt c., grill e., bartholomeyczik s., brach m., rauch a., eriks‐hoogland i. & stucki g. (2010) Combined application of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health and the NANDA‐International Taxonomy II. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(8), 1885–1898.AbstractTitle.  Combined application of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health and the NANDA‐International Taxonomy II. Aim.  This paper presents a discussion of the conceptual and practical relationships between the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health and the NANDA‐International Taxonomy II for nursing diagnoses, and their use in nursing practice.Background.  The ICF provides a common classification framework for all healthcare professionals, including nurses. Nursing care plans can be broadly based on NANDA‐I taxonomies. No published attempt has been made to systematically compare the NANDA‐I Taxonomy II to the ICF.Data sources.  The most recently published descriptions of both classifications and a case example presenting the combined use of both classifications. The work was carried out in 2009.Discussion.  There are conceptual commonalities and differences between the ICF and the NANDA‐I Taxonomy II. In the case example, the overlap between the ICF categories and NANDA‐I nursing diagnoses reflects the fact that the ICF, focusing on functioning and disability, and the NANDA‐I Taxonomy II, with its functioning health patterns, are similar in their approaches.Implications for nursing.  The NANDA‐I Taxonomy II permits the fulfilment of requirements that are exclusively nursing issues. The application of the ICF is useful for nurses to communicate nursing issues with other healthcare professionals in a common language. For nurses, knowledge shared with other healthcare professionals may contribute to broader understanding of a patient’s situation.Conclusion.  The ICF and the NANDA‐I Taxonomy II should be used in concert by nurses and can complement each other to enhance the quality of clinical team work and nursing practice.
Expression of CD30 antigen in superficial mycotic infections of the skin: a possible non‐specific finding without clinical relevance
Authors: Müller C. S. L. , Schmaltz R. , Vogt T. , Pföhler C. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryExpression of CD30 is a distinct marker of lymphocytic activation, originally described in Reed–Sternberg cells of Hodgkin’s disease. Recently, the first two cases in which CD30 was expressed in tissue samples derived from superficial cutaneous fungal infections have been reported. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of CD30 in tinea corporis and to discuss the clinical relevance of CD30. Twenty‐three skin biopsies from 23 patients with mycotic infections of the skin were analysed retrospectively. The immunophenotypic expression of CD30 was investigated. In the series investigated, some large CD30‐positive cells located in the upper dermal infiltrate were noted in two of 23 biopsy specimens (8.7%). The existence of CD30‐positive cells was independent of the density and composition of the accompanying inflammatory infiltrate. We showed that the expression of CD30 in dermatophytoses is not a consistent finding. Instead, as a sign of lymphocytic activation, CD30 expression is observed coincidentally in cutaneous fungal infections. Our data confirm the observation that CD30 antigen is expressed in a variety of benign and malignant skin disorders, including cutaneous fungal infections, probably as an epiphenomenon without clinical relevance.
Double sampling to assess the accuracy of ground‐based surveys of tree hollows in eucalypt woodlands
Authors: RAYNER LAURA , ELLIS MURRAY , TAYLOR JENNIFER E. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractGround‐based surveys of tree hollows often give poor estimates of hollow abundance in forests. Woodlands have shorter trees and a more open structure than forests, which may make hollows easier to detect. Therefore, one would expect ground‐based surveys of tree hollows to be more accurate in woodlands than in forests. We compared hollow counts from ground‐based and climbing surveys (double sampling) for four species of Eucalyptus trees in woodlands of central‐western New South Wales, Australia: E. camaldulensis Dehnh, E. melliodora A. Cunn. ex Schauer, E. microcarpa Maiden and E. populnea F. Muell. ssp. bimbil L.A.S. Johnson & K.D. Hill and E. melliodora A. Cunn. ex Schauer. Overall, 83% of hollow‐bearing trees and 93% of trees without hollows were correctly classified by ground‐based surveys. Mean difference in hollow counts of ground‐based surveys to climbed surveys was 1.7 hollows ± 0.2 SE (all species combined) with 91% of ground‐based hollow counts being within five of the actual number of hollows. The error in ground‐based counts of hollows in E. microcarpa was larger than for the other three species. Errors in all species resulted from both overestimation and underestimation of hollow abundance by ground‐based surveys. A larger error was associated with the detection of hollows located in branches compared with hollows located in the main trunk(s). Total number of hollows in the tree (based on climbing surveys), crown area or maximum trunk diameter were significant predictors of ground‐based survey accuracy. Overall, the accuracy associated with ground surveys was relatively high and generally error rates were lower than those published for forests.
Mutualism or opportunism? Tree fuchsia (Fuchsia excorticata) and tree weta (Hemideina) interactions
Authors: WYMAN TARRYN E. , TREWICK STEVE A. , MORGAN‐RICHARDS MARY , NOBLE ALASDAIR D. L. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMutualisms or interspecific interactions involving net mutual benefits, are an important component of ecological theory, although effectively demonstrating mutualism is notoriously difficult. Among two New Zealand endemics, a slightly elevated germination rate of Fuchsia excorticata (Onagraceae) seeds after passage through tree weta (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae) compared with seeds manually extracted from fruit, led to the proposal that a mutualistic relationship exists between this plant and animal. An improved germination rate, or any other single trait, however, does not alone constitute evidence for mutualism; the relative costs and benefits of numerous components of the interaction need to be accounted for. We considered the costs and benefits to F. excorticata of the putative seed dispersal mutualism with tree weta. Tree weta provided with F. excorticata fruits destroyed 78% of the seeds they consumed, did not move fruit; and faeces containing seeds were deposited near their roost holes (which are naturally in trees). The seeds remaining after fruit consumption and those that are ingested but survive gut passage are unlikely to be deposited in suitable habitat for seedling survival. Plant food preferences of captive tree weta assessed using pairwise leaf choice tests showed that the leaves of F. excorticata were the least preferred of six commonly encountered plants. In addition, we found that tree weta did not show a preference for F. excorticata fruit over a standard leafy diet, indicating they are unlikely to be actively seeking fruit in preference to other sources of food. These observations indicate that any interaction between tree weta and F. excorticata is likely to be opportunistic rather than mutualistic, and highlight the difficulty of characterizing such interactions.
Trophic positions of omnivores are not always flexible: Evidence from four species of freshwater crayfish
Authors: JOHNSTON KERRYLYN , ROBSON BELINDA J. , FAIRWEATHER PETER G. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractOmnivores are generally believed to be flexible in their diet and trophic position: seasonal, ontogenetic and site‐based differences in trophic position have been observed. We compared consumed and assimilated diet among four species within a group of omnivorous freshwater crayfish, to determine whether species that occur together at a site occupy different trophic positions. Diets of Geocharax falcata, Gramastacus insolitus, Cherax destructor and Euastacus bispinosus (Decapoda: Parastacidae) were compared using stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) and gut content analysis across nine sites that varied in their species composition. Gramastacus insolitus consumed mainly plant material across all sites. Geocharax falcata consumed either plants or animals or both at different sites. Its trophic level was consistently similar to G. insolitus, despite differences in gut contents and source for dietary carbon. Cherax destructor consumed animals and had a relatively stable trophic position among sites. Relative trophic position of these three species was consistent across sites and regardless of food consumed, they were positioned as omnivores at a lower trophic level than predators but higher than primary producers and herbivores. Euastacus bispinosus occupied a higher trophic level than other invertebrate species but δ13C levels did not differ among sites. Cherax destructor and G. falcata may show flexibility in food sources and in the assimilation of food that determines their trophic position relative to other crayfish species. In contrast, G. insolitus and E. bispinosus are likely to show both a more fixed diet and less flexible trophic position. Therefore, not all omnivores show the flexible diet and trophic position generally reported in the literature. Some species of omnivorous crayfish may maintain a relatively constant trophic position across sites, seasons or changes in food availability regardless of whether their consumed diet alters or not.
Contamination on sandflats and the decoupling of linked ecological functions
Authors: LOHRER ANDREW M. , HEWITT JUDI E. , HAILES SARAH F. , THRUSH SIMON F. , AHRENS MICHAEL , HALLIDAY JANE 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBenthic macrofauna can influence inputs and transformations of energy and matter in estuaries, affecting both the stocks of vital materials (e.g. carbon, oxygen) and the rates of key processes (e.g. organic matter decomposition, nutrient uptake). Although a number of studies have identified shifts in functional groups or biological traits in relation to anthropogenic stressors, there have been few field‐based assessments of changes in functioning associated with stress gradients. We used a comparative experimental approach to investigate functioning on two sandflats with differing exposures to urban contaminants. Apart from significant differences in sediment contaminant concentrations (43.2 ± 1.8 mg kg−1Zn and 15.6 ± 0.9 mg kg−1Pb at the Pollen site; 17.7 ± 0.7 mg kg−1Zn and 7.9 ± 0.9 mg kg−1Pb at the Waiheke site), the two sandflats were readily comparable: both had similar sediment grain size distributions and were dominated by the same macrofaunal species; and both were in non‐eutrophic New Zealand marine reserves with low ambient sediment organic matter content. To better understand the effects of contaminants on biologically mediated transformations of organic matter into inorganic nutrients, we manipulated sediment organic matter content and macrofaunal abundance in standardized treatments at each site. Fluxes of oxygen and ammonium, which are linked to key sandflat processes such as organic matter decomposition and benthic photosynthesis, were measured as response variables 1 week after the experimental manipulations. We predicted more efficient organic matter processing on the uncontaminated flat and thus expected to see elevated ammonium efflux in response to organic enrichment treatments at this site. Higher rates of benthic photosynthesis were predicted for plots with higher ammonium efflux, as ammonium is a readily utilizable form of limiting inorganic nitrogen. We documented significant positive relationships between ammonium uptake and benthic primary production on the uncontaminated flat, but weaker/insignificant relationships at the contaminated site. Our data were consistent with theories of increased variability and a decoupling of system processes with increasing amounts of stress.
A cost‐effective method of assessing thermal habitat quality for endotherms
Authors: KEARNEY MICHAEL , FERGUSON EMMA , FUMEI SARAH , GALLACHER ANTHONY , MITCHELL PETER , WOODFORD ROMY , HANDASYDE KATHRINE 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe conservation of many endothermic species depends critically on the availability of suitable retreat sites, yet we know little about the variation in thermal quality of such microhabitats. Studies of thermal habitat suitability for birds and mammals must account for the effect of endothermic heat production on their microclimates. For example, endotherms may significantly raise the air temperature in their retreat sites and this effect must be considered when assessing retreat site quality. We devised an inexpensive means by which to construct pseudo‐endothermic ‘environmental temperature’ models with the use of disposable heat pads. We applied this technique to investigate thermal aspects of nest box design, illustrating the potential positive and negative effects of nest box insulation depending on the environmental context. We suggest that, from a thermal perspective, the avoidance of heat stress is an important and underappreciated issue in the retreat site selection of endotherms.
Combined effect of strength & sheet thickness on fatigue behaviour of resistance spot welded joint
Authors: GHOSH S. , PAL T. K. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTFatigue performance of spot welded lap shear joint is primarily dependent on weld nugget size, sheet thickness and corresponding joint stiffness. Two automotive steel sheets having higher strength lower thickness and lower strength higher thickness are resistance spot welded with established optimum welding condition. The tensile‐shear strength and fatigue strength of lap shear joint of the two automotive steel sheets are determined and compared. Experimental fatigue life of spot welded lap shear joint of each steel are compared with predicted fatigue lives using different stress intensity factor solutions for kinked crack and spot weld available in literature. Micrographs of fatigue fractured surfaces are examined to understand fracture micro‐mechanisms.
Numerical investigation on welding residual stresses in a PWR pressurizer safety/relief nozzle
Authors: SONG TAE‐KWANG , BAE HONG‐RYUL , KIM YUN‐JAE , LEE KYUNG‐SOO 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper presents finite element simulation results of residual stresses in dissimilar metal welds of a PWR pressurizer safety/relief nozzle. The present results are believed to be significant in two aspects. The first one is to consider the effect of the presence of similar metal welds on resulting residual stresses. The second one is the mitigation effect of the overlay welding thickness on residual stresses. After dissimilar metal welding, tensile residual stresses are present both at the inner surface and at the outer surface of dissimilar metal welds. Adjacent similar metal welding, however, decreases residual stresses to compressive ones at the inner surface of dissimilar metal welds, possibly due to the bending mechanism caused radial contraction of the weld. At the outer surface of dissimilar metal welds, similar metal welding increases residual stresses. Overlay welding further decreases residual stresses at the inner surface of dissimilar and similar metal welds, but increases slightly residual stresses at the outer surface.
Prediction models for incident Type 2 diabetes mellitus in the older population: KORA S4/F4 cohort study
Authors: Rathmann W. , Kowall B. , Heier M. , Herder C. , Holle R. , Thorand B. , Strassburger K. , Peters A. , Wichmann H.‐E. , Giani G. , Meisinger C. 
Published: June 2010

Diabet. Med. 27, 1116–1123 (2010)AbstractBackground  The aim was to derive Type 2 diabetes prediction models for the older population and to check to what degree addition of 2‐h glucose measurements (oral glucose tolerance test) and biomarkers improves the predictive power of risk scores which are based on non‐biochemical as well as conventional clinical parameters.Methods  Oral glucose tolerance tests were carried out in a population‐based sample of 1353 subjects, aged 55–74 years (62% response) in Augsburg (Southern Germany) from 1999 to 2001. The cohort was reinvestigated in 2006–2008. Of those individuals without diabetes at baseline, 887 (74%) participated in the follow‐up. Ninety‐three (10.5%) validated diabetes cases occurred during the follow‐up. In logistic regression analyses for model 1, variables were selected from personal characteristics and additional variables were selected from routinely measurable blood parameters (model 2) and from 2‐h glucose, adiponectin, insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) (model 3).Results  Age, sex, BMI, parental diabetes, smoking and hypertension were selected for model 1. Model 2 additionally included fasting glucose, HbA1c and uric acid. The same variables plus 2‐h glucose were selected for model 3. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve significantly increased from 0.763 (model 1) to 0.844 (model 2) and 0.886 (model 3) (P < 0.01). Biomarkers such as adiponectin and insulin did not improve the predictive abilities of models 2 and 3. Cross‐validation and bootstrap‐corrected model performance indicated high internal validity.Conclusions  This longitudinal study in an older population provides models to predict the future risk of Type 2 diabetes. The OGTT, but not biomarkers, improved discrimination of incident diabetes.
FAILING FIRM DEFENCE WITH ENTRY DETERRENCE
Authors: Fedele Alessandro , Tognoni Massimo 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTUnder the principle of the failing firm defence a merger that would be blocked due to its harmful effect on competition could be nevertheless allowed when (i) the acquired firm is actually failing, (ii) there is no less anticompetitive alternative offer of purchase, (iii) absent the merger, the assets to be acquired would exit the market. We focus on potential anticompetitive effects of a myopic application of the requirement (iii) by studying consequences of a horizontal merger on entry in a Cournot oligopoly with a failing firm. Entry is deterred if the merger is cleared and, when the industry is highly concentrated, consumer welfare is higher under a prohibition because long‐run gains due to augmented competition exceed short‐run losses due to shortage of output.
Arbitrary Importance Functions for Metropolis Light Transport
Authors: Hoberock Jared , Hart John C. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract We present a generalization of the scalar importance function employed by Metropolis Light Transport (MLT) and related Markov chain rendering algorithms. Although MLT is known for its user‐designable mutation rules, we demonstrate that its scalar contribution function is similarly programmable in an unbiased manner. Normally, MLT samples light paths with a tendency proportional to their brightness. For a range of scenes, we demonstrate that this importance function is undesirable and leads to poor sampling behaviour. Instead, we argue that simple user‐designable importance functions can concentrate work in transport effects of interest and increase estimator efficiency. Unlike mutation rules, these functions are not encumbered with the calculation of transitional probabilities. We introduce alternative importance functions, which encourage the Markov chain to aggressively pursue sampling goals of interest to the user. In addition, we prove that these importance functions may adapt over the course of a render in an unbiased fashion. To that end, we introduce multi‐stage MLT, a general rendering setting for creating such adaptive functions. This allows us to create a noise‐sensitive MLT renderer whose importance function explicitly targets noise. Finally, we demonstrate that our techniques are compatible with existing Markov chain rendering algorithms and significantly improve their visual efficiency.