bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ice stream influence on West Greenland Ice Sheet dynamics during the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Roberts David H. , Long Antony J. , Davies Bethan J. , Simpson Matthew J. R. , Schnabel Christoph 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis paper investigates the processes governing bedrock bedform evolution in ice sheet and ice stream areas in central West Greenland, and explores the evidence for a cross‐shelf ice stream at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). To the east of Sisimiut the formation of streamlined bedforms with high elongation ratios and high bedform density has been controlled by geological structure and topography in slow‐flowing ice sheet areas. At the coast, the effects of regional flow convergence, caused by coastal fjord orientation, routed ice into the Sisimiut/Itilleq area where it formed an ice stream onset zone. This funnelled ice into an offshore trough (Holsteinsborg Dyb), resulting in a southwesterly regional ice flow direction and the formation of a topographically routed ice stream (Holsteinsborg Isbrae). To the south of this, striae and bedform evidence show that local valley glaciers initially flowed east to west across the coast, but were later redirected by the Itilleq Fjord ice which turned southwestward due to diffluent flow and deflection by Holsteinsborg Isbrae. Roches moutonnées in this area have low elongation ratios and high bedform density, but do not provide unequivocal support for ice streaming, as they are a product of both bedrock structure and changes in ice flow direction, rather than enhanced flow velocities. Cosmogenic surface exposure ages limit maximum ice sheet surface elevation to ca. 755–810 m above sea level in this region. Such ice thickness enabled Holsteinsborg Isbrae to reach the mid/outer continental shelf during the LGM, and to contribute to the formation of a trough mouth fan and the Outer Hellefisk moraines. Initial deglaciation across this region was driven by rising sea level and increasing air temperatures prior to the Bølling Interstadial at ca. 14.5 cal. ka BP. Between 12 and 10 cal. ka BP both increased air and ocean temperatures post the Younger Dryas, and peak sea‐level rise up to the marine limit, caused accelerated thinning and marginal retreat through calving, although dating evidence suggests ice streams remained along the inner shelf/coast boundary until at least ca. 10 cal. ka BP, their longevity maintained by increased ice thickness and ice discharge. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fire and vegetation history on Santa Rosa Island, Channel Islands, and long‐term environmental change in southern California
Authors: Anderson R. Scott , Starratt Scott , Jass Renata M. Brunner , Pinter Nicholas 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe long‐term history of vegetation and fire was investigated at two locations – Soledad Pond (275 m; from ca. 12 000 cal. a BP) and Abalone Rocks Marsh (0 m; from ca. 7000 cal. a BP) – on Santa Rosa Island, situated off the coast of southern California. A coastal conifer forest covered highlands of Santa Rosa during the last glacial, but by ca. 11 800 cal. a BP Pinus stands, coastal sage scrub and grassland replaced the forest as the climate warmed. The early Holocene became increasingly drier, particularly after ca. 9150 cal. a BP, as the pond dried frequently, and coastal sage scrub covered the nearby hillslopes. By ca. 6900 cal. a BP grasslands recovered at both sites. Pollen of wetland plants became prominent at Soledad Pond after ca. 4500 cal. a BP, and at Abalone Rocks Marsh after ca. 3465 cal. a BP. Diatoms suggest freshening of the Abalone Rocks Marsh somewhat later, probably by additional runoff from the highlands. Introduction of non‐native species by ranchers occurred subsequent to AD 1850. Charcoal influx is high early in the record, but declines during the early Holocene when minimal biomass suggests extended drought. A general increase occurs after ca. 7000 cal. a BP, and especially after ca. 4500 cal. a BP. The Holocene pattern closely resembles population levels constructed from the archaeological record, and suggests a potential influence by humans on the fire regime of the islands, particularly during the late Holocene. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reconstruction of the variability of the southwest monsoon during the past 3 ka, from the continental margin of the southeastern Arabian Sea
Authors: Chauhan Onkar S. , Vogelsang Elke , Basavaiah Nathani , Kader U. Syed Abdul 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFrom temporal variation in δ18O in Globigerinoides ruber and G. sacculifer and geochemical indices of weathering/erosion (chemical index of alteration, Al and Ti), we infer rapid southwest monsoon (SWM) deterioration with dwindling fluvial and detrital fluxes at ca. 450–650, 1000 and 1800–2200 cal. a BP during the late Holocene. We have evaluated the role of solar influx (reconstructed) and high‐latitude climate variability (archived in GRIP and GISP‐2 cores) on SWM precipitation. Broadly, our δ18O climate reconstruction is concordant with GRIP and GISP‐2, and supports a teleconnection through atmospheric connection between the SWM and the North Atlantic climate – albeit temporal extents of the Little Ice Age and Medieval Warm Period from high latitude are not entirely coeval. Moreover, there is a humid climate and enhanced precipitation during the terminal stages of the Little Ice Age. The medieval warming (ca. AD 800–1300) is not synchronous either, and is punctuated by an arid event centred at 1000 a BP. Although the delineation of the specific influence of solar influx on SWM precipitation is elusive, we surmise that SWM precipitation is a complex phenomenon and local orography along southwestern India may have a role on the entrapment of moisture from the southwest trade winds, when these hit land. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of pressure on the retention of sugars in hydrophilic interaction chromatography
Authors: Neue Uwe D. , Hudalla Chris J. , Iraneta Pamela C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPressure can influence the retention of analytes in hydrophilic interaction chromatography as well as in RP chromatography. We demonstrate that the retention of sugars in hydrophilic interaction chromatography decreases with pressure, and interpret the observation as a gain in solvation, or more specifically hydration, as the sugar molecules enter the water‐rich stationary phase.
Isolation and purification of macrocyclic components from Penicillium fermentation broth by high‐speed counter‐current chromatography
Authors: Gao Xiang , Zhuang Rongqiang , Guo Jiannan , Bao Jian , Fang Meijuan , Liu Yan , Xu Pengxiang , Zhao Yufen 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this paper, high‐speed counter‐current chromatography (HSCCC), assisted with ESI‐MS, was first successfully applied to the preparative separation of three macrolide antibiotics, brefeldin A (12.6 mg, 99.0%), 7′‐O‐formylbrefeldin A (6.5 mg, 95.0%) and 7′‐O‐acetylbrefeldin A (5.0 mg, 92.3%) from the crude extract of the microbe Penicillium SHZK‐15. Considering the chemical nature and partition coefficient (K) values of the three target compounds, a two‐step HSCCC isolation protocol was developed in order to obtain products with high purity. In the two‐step method, the crude ethyl acetate extract was first fractionated and resulted in two peak fractions by HSCCC using solvent system n‐hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (HEMWat) (3:7:5:5 v/v/v/v), then purified using solvent systems HEMWat (3:5:3:5 v/v/v/v) and HEMWat (7:3:5:5 v/v/v/v) for each fraction. The purities and structures of the isolated compounds were determined by HPLC, X‐ray crystallography, ESI‐MS and NMR. The results demonstrated that HSCCC is a fast and efficient technique for systematic isolation of bioactive compounds from the microbes.
Leading in crisis
Authors: George Bill 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThere is nothing quite like a crisis to test leadership. Like being in a war, a crisis tests limits because the outcome is rarely predictable. Leaders not only have to use all their wisdom to guide the organization through the storm, but also dig deep inside themselves to find the courage to keep going forward. Based on his research on both failed and successful leaders, George offers seven key strategies for weathering crises and emerging stronger than before.
The decline of the best: An insider's lessons from Lehman Brothers
Authors: Greenfield Hope 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLehman Brothers made many disastrous business bets that could have been avoided. Hope Greenfield, who served as Chief Talent Officer at Lehman Brothers for 7 years, offers a deeper look at the culture that allowed the disaster to occur. Beyond faulty risk models and stereotypes about greedy Wall Streeters, Greenfield shows that the Lehman story illustrates the truth of a little‐remarked phenomenon of organizational development: the very attributes of a corporate culture that underlie a company's success often carry the seeds of destruction.
Beat the change management trap: Your organization is more ready to change than you think
Authors: Siegal Wes , Stearn Jonathan 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLeaders almost always begin organizational change initiatives by planning a series of preparatory steps to get the organization ready for major change. In this article, Wes Siegal and Jonathan Stearn argue that this is the last place they should start. This approach almost always leads to “the change management trap:” resources, time, and energy are spent preparing for change rather than actually achieving its desired outcomes. They examine the reasons why so many leaders fall into this trap and offer well‐tested lessons on avoiding it to achieve real results.
Using imperfect metrics well: Tracking progress and driving change
Authors: Talley Jerry L. , Fram Eugene H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWithout some way of measuring their impact on the community, nonprofit boards can easily fall back into monitoring staff activities, mistaking efforts for outcomes. But developing useful metrics can be a painful, costly, and distracting process. Rather than demanding statistical rigor, the authors argue that even imperfect metrics can be used well in a process that leads to genuine organizational improvements.
Synthesis and Structure–Efficiency Relations of 1,3,5‐Benzenetrisamides as Nucleating Agents and Clarifiers for Isotactic Poly(propylene)
Authors: Abraham Frank , Ganzleben Sandra , Hanft Doris , Smith Paul , Schmidt Hans‐Werner 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis paper presents the synthesis and properties of 1,3,5‐benzenetrisamides with a particular focus on structure‐efficiency relationships of nucleation and optical property enhancement of isotactic poly(propylene) (i‐PP). A family of twenty 1,3,5‐benzenetrisamide derivatives was synthesized, in which the direction of the amide linkage between the core and the peripheral substituents, as well as their length (C‐3 to C‐6) and flexibility were systematically varied. Dissolution‐ and recrystallization temperatures of the additives in the polymer melt, the crystallization temperature of i‐PP, and the optical properties clarity and haze were determined in the additive concentration range from 200 to 2 500 ppm. Within the reported series of compounds, few exhibited very good nucleating and clarification abilities, only one with outstanding characteristics, whereas other, very closely related derivatives were found to be incapable to nucleate or clarify i‐PP, although, intriguingly, most are structural isomers. We conclude that it is the particular chemical structure of the additive that determines its crystallization/self‐assembly process, and, therewith, the structure of the heterogeneous nuclei, and at a higher hierarchical level the morphology of the poly(propylene) solid state and its final properties; and, hence, that a predictive understanding is still elusive.magnified image
“Plastic Trash goes Biohybrid”—Rapid and Selective Functionalization of Inert Plastic Surfaces with Biomolecules
Authors: Schiller Stefan M. , Kambhampati Dev , Stengel Gudrun , Dolderer Jürgen , Nielsen Peter E. , Förch Renate , Knoll W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe covalent functionalization of “inert” polymers such as polypropylene with biomolecules for biocompatible or biosensor surfaces is challenging. Here we present a powerful approach to covalently modify “inert” macromolecular surfaces with biomacromolecules reusing old plastic material. A special emphasis was placed on easily accessible materials and a process which is easy, fast, efficient, cheap, and reliable. “Plastic trash” (lids from Eppendorf® pipet tip containers) was used as a polymer substrate to demonstrate the use/reuse of commercial packing material to covalently modify this material with a thin reactive plasma polymerized maleic anhydride nanolayer network, which can be subsequently modified with biomolecules for various applications, e.g., in tissue engineering and as biochips.magnified image
In Vitro Study of Dexamethasone Release From Poly(p‐xylylene) Films
Authors: Hanefeld Phillip , Agarwal Seema , Kumar Rakesh , Greiner Andreas 
Published: December 2009

AbstractStents or metal endoprotheses are currently used to prevent restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). Recently multi‐component systems comprising implant applications, e. g., stents, protective and/or a drug containing layers, have found wide‐spread application. Permanent and biocompatible stent coatings based on poly(p‐xylylene) (PPX) films were investigated for their potential to form drug containing reservoirs. The model drug dexamethasone was loaded into films of PPX by solvent treatment. Loading efficiency and in vitro drug release profiles were studied under physiological conditions. Linear release of dexamethasone was observed when PPX/dexamethasone films were coated by an additional PPX film as cover layer.magnified image
Protein Biochips: Oriented Surface Immobilization of Proteins
Authors: Lin Po‐Chiao , Weinrich Dirk , Waldmann Herbert 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSubstantial progress in biochip technologies has established an efficient and reliable platform for advanced biological and biomedical applications. In particular, the use of protein biochips in high‐throughput screens provides high content information. We briefly introduce here recent developments in protein biochip preparation with a special focus on our own work on new methods for protein immobilization and protein microarray fabrication, including the application of the Diels‐Alder reaction, Staudinger ligation, ‘click’ sulfonamide formation, and the photochemical thiol‐ene reaction. These chemical methods allow for oriented, site‐specific protein conjugation on solid surfaces with high sensitivity and specificity under mild, aqueous conditions.magnified image
Fabrication of Artificial Petal Sculptures by Replication of Sub‐micron Surface Wrinkles
Authors: Schweikart Alexandra , Zimin Denys , Handge Ulrich A. , Bennemann Michael , Altstädt Volker , Fery Andreas , Koch Kerstin 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this contribution, we discuss wrinkling as a process resulting in well‐defined periodic micron‐sized structures, as known from the interface of several plant cells. We show possible pathways to transfer this principle to artificial materials such as epoxy resins or polymers. While topographical structuring of surfaces by wrinkling is meanwhile well established for elastomers like poly (dimethyl siloxane), so far the step towards other classes of materials has not been taken. This puts several limitations to potential applications of artificial wrinkled structures, as elastomers show poor dimensional stability, low optical quality, and tend to swell in organic solvents. As well, artificial structures formed by wrinkling are not tension‐free on the microscopic level, which makes them metastable. Residual mechanical tensions can affect dimensional stability on long timescales. We introduce two processes, micro thermoforming and molding, as means to overcome these restrictions and to pattern non‐elastomeric materials by using wrinkled elastomers as templates. The two approaches allow the formation of negative and positive replicas and allow the transfer of sub‐micron features with high fidelity.magnified image
BaSO4‐, CaF2‐, and Al‐Maleate‐Derived Nanocomposite Coatings with Excellent Mechanical, Thermal, and Optical Properties
Authors: Khalil Hazem , Gläsel Hans‐Jürgen , Köhler Karl , Hardinghaus Ferdinand , Buchmeiser Michael R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAcrylate‐based nanocomposite coatings prepared from uniformly sized, nanoscaled inorganic, i.e., BaSO4‐ and CaF2‐ as well as organometallic, i.e., Al‐maleate‐derived nanoparticles were prepared applying photochemical curing. Excellent mechanical and thermal stability as well as high optical transparency was achieved as compared to standard SiO2‐based coatings. The performance of CaF2‐based nanocomposites could be further enhanced by addition of nanocorundum. A comprehensive data set on surface and Martens hardness, the penetration depths, glass transition temperatures, and UV–Vis transparency of the final coatings is presented.magnified image
Toward Assembly of Non‐close‐packed Colloidal Structures from Anisotropic Pentamer Particles
Authors: Solomon Michael J. , Zeitoun Ramsey , Ortiz Daniel , Sung Kyung Eun , Deng Di , Shah Aayush , Burns Mark A. , Glotzer Sharon C. , Millunchick Joanna M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractParticles combining multiple anisotropy dimensions offer possibilities for self‐assembly that have not been extensively explored to date. The scope for assembly of microparticles in which the anisotropy dimensions of internal bond angle and chemical ordering have been varied is investigated. Colloidal assemblies with interesting open (i.e., non‐close‐packed) structures can be assembled from these building blocks. The structure of the assemblies formed is linked to the building block anisotropy because the steric constraints introduced induce deviations from close packing. Key challenges addressed in pursuit of these structures are parallelization of microfluidic synthesis methods, simulation to efficiently search the available anisotropy space, and methods that characterize the properties of the resulting assemblies. This combined program of synthesis, simulation, assembly, and characterization may be applied to develop design rules that guide efforts to fabricate microparticle building blocks and their assemblies.magnified image
Use of a Profluorophore for Visualization of the Rupture of Capsules in Self‐Healing Coatings
Authors: van den Dungen Eric T. A. , Loos Ben , Klumperman Bert 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAn important category of self‐healing materials relies on the release of a healing agent from a capsule upon the occurrence of damage to the material. Visualization of the release of the healing agent is difficult to accomplish. Here we show that a profluorophore can successfully be used to visualize the local release of a healing agent in a self‐healing coating. A tetra‐functional thiol compound encapsulated in nanocapsules or microcapsules is dispersed in a poly(methyl acrylate) film, in which the profluorophore is molecularly dispersed. A strong fluorescence signal is observed when a cut is introduced in the film. This fluorescence provides clear evidence that the capsules rupture locally during the introduction of a cut. In a more general sense, it proves that profluorophores can be very useful in materials science.magnified image
Defense mechanisms against toxic phytochemicals in the diet of domestic animals
Authors: Fink‐Gremmels Johanna 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPlant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are non‐nutritional components that occur in numerous feed materials and are able to exert toxic effects in animals. The current article aims to summarize innate defense strategies developed by different animal species to avoid excessive exposure to PSMs. These mechanisms include pre‐systemic degradation of PSMs by rumen microbiota, the intestinal barrier including efflux transporters of monogastric species, as well as pre‐hepatic and intra‐hepatic biotransformation processes. These physiological barriers determine systemic exposure and ultimately the dose‐dependent adverse effects in the target animal species. Considering the large number of potentially toxic PSMs, which makes an evaluation of all individual PSMs virtually impossible, such a mechanism‐oriented approach could improve the predictability of adverse effects and support the interpretation of clinical field observations. Moreover, mechanistic data related to tissue disposition and excretion pathways of PSMs for example into milk, could substantially support the assessment of the risks for consumers of foods derived from PSM‐exposed animals.
Liquid chromatography with accurate mass measurement on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer for the identification and quantification of N‐lactoyl ethanolamine in wine
Authors: Ruisch Bart , König Thorsten 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this addendum to the original article [de Rijke, E., Ruisch, B.J., Bouter, N., König, T., Liquid chromatography with accurate mass measurement on a triple quadrupole mass‐spectrometer for the identification and quantification of N‐lactoyl ethanolamine in wine, Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 2006, 50, 351–355] a method is described to demonstrate that no potential cross‐contamination from the reference target molecule had given rise to an incorrect positive identification of N‐lactoyl ethanolamine in wine.
1H,13C and 19F NMR data of N‐substituted 6‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐7H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐amines in DMSO‐d6
Authors: Sørum Christopher , Simić Nebojša , Sundby Eirik , Hoff Bård Helge 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChemical shift assignment of seven N‐substituted 6‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐7H‐pyrrolo[2, 3‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐amines, six of which are fluorinated, have been performed based on 1H, 13C, 19F, and 2D COSY, HMBC and HSQC experiments. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A case of concha bullosa mucopyocele in a medieval human skull
Authors: Kwiatkowska B. , Gawlikowska‐Sroka A. , Szczurowski J. , Nowakowski D. , Dzięciołowska‐Baran E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe term ‘concha bullosa’ refers to the pneumatisation of the intranasal turbinates. The pneumatisation can occur at any level (superior, middle, inferior), but the term is typically used to describe the aeration of the middle turbinate. This case report concerns a medieval skull from Tomb Chamber Number One in St. Nicholas's Church in Głogów, Poland. The burial dates from the 13th or 14th century. Direct measurements of the skull according to Martin's technique and computed tomography (CT) were made. The skull is from a male whose age was estimated as 40–55 years. In the nasal cavity, a large bony formation with the appearances of a tumor, a lesion of the maxillary sinus wall, and a significant curvature of the nasal septum were found. The CT scan demonstrated changes that could be described as a type IV concha bullosa, according to Krzeski's classification. This anatomical variation was first described by Zuckerkandl in 1893. The symptoms that were often associated with concha bullosa include nasal obstruction or congestion, facial pain, and headache. Concha bullosa can result in recurrent sinusitis, mucocele, or mucopyocele. In the case of the Głogów skull, an extensive lesion and inflammatory changes in the maxillary sinus and destruction of the orbital floor suggests the presence of a mucopyocele that arose from a concha bullosa. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.