bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positron emission tomography in neurological and psychiatric disorders
Authors: Newberg Andrew , Monti Daniel , Moss Aleeze , Alavi Abass 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPositron emission tomography (PET) has been widely used in the study of neurological and psychiatric disorders. It has been used most extensively in research to determine pathophysiology as well as prognostic and diagnostic information and response to various interventions in different disorders. PET imaging has also been used in the clinical setting, although its use has been primarily to help differentiate or diagnose specific disorders. With the continued development of a large array of radiopharmaceuticals that can evaluate all the components of different neurotransmitter systems (such as serotonin and dopamine), PET imaging will continue to play a key role in research and clinical applications for neurological and psychiatric disorders. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 22, 2–17, 2012
MRtrix: Diffusion tractography in crossing fiber regions
Authors: Tournier J‐Donald , Calamante Fernando , Connelly Alan 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn recent years, diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging has attracted considerable attention due to its unique potential to delineate the white matter pathways of the brain. However, methodologies currently available and in common use among neuroscientists and clinicians are typically based on the diffusion tensor model, which has comprehensively been shown to be inadequate to characterize diffusion in brain white matter. This is due to the fact that it is only capable of resolving a single fiber orientation per voxel, causing incorrect fiber orientations, and hence pathways, to be estimated through these voxels. Given that the proportion of affected voxels has been recently estimated at 90%, this is a serious limitation. Furthermore, most implementations use simple “deterministic” streamlines tracking algorithms, which have now been superseded by “probabilistic” approaches. In this study, we present a robust set of tools to perform tractography, using fiber orientations estimated using the validated constrained spherical deconvolution method, coupled with a probabilistic streamlines tracking algorithm. This methodology is shown to provide superior delineations of a number of known white matter tracts, in a manner robust to crossing fiber effects. These tools have been compiled into a software package, called MRtrix, which has been made freely available for use by the scientific community. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 22, 53–66, 2012
A k‐space sharing 3D GRASE pseudocontinuous ASL method for whole‐brain resting‐state functional connectivity
Authors: Liang Xiaoyun , Tournier Jacques‐Donald , Masterton Richard , Connelly Alan , Calamante Fernando 
Published: February 2012

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) investigations of resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC) typically use blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD)‐weighted imaging because of its ability to provide whole‐brain coverage and high temporal resolution. Single‐shot 3D gradient‐ and spin‐echo (GRASE) arterial spin labeling (ASL) offers a number of potential advantages for RSFC measurements, such as a more direct quantitative correlate of neural activity and lower variability across subjects; however, current sequences are usually not suitable for whole‐brain acquisitions because of T2 decay during the long echo train. In this study, we proposed a k‐space sharing 3D GRASE ASL sequence to achieve whole‐brain coverage, applied it to measure RSFC on a group of healthy subjects, and compared it with BOLD data. Similar RSFC networks were estimated using both techniques, providing corroboration of the capability of our method for RSFC analysis. Furthermore, ASL data enable calculation of mean cerebral blood flow (CBF) values within the RSFC networks, thus assigning them biologically meaningful values. The inherently quantitative nature of CBF measurements should provide a more stable and interpretable biomarker in comparison to BOLD and may, therefore, be particularly useful for applications such as longitudinal studies of RSFC. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 22, 37–43, 2012
Microvascular functional MR angiography with ultra‐high‐field 7 t MRI: Comparison with BOLD fMRI
Authors: Cho Zang‐Hee , Kang Chang‐Ki , Park Chan‐A , Hong Suk‐Min , Kim Sang‐Hoon , Oh Seung‐Taek , Kim Young‐Bo 
Published: February 2012

AbstractMicrovascular functional MR angiography using ultra‐high‐field 7 T MRI was used to visualize specific arterial changes in response to stimulation, and the results were compared to conventional blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). To demonstrate the potential of this new method, we conducted a visual experiment with 14 healthy subjects using optimized acquisition parameters and a dedicated radio frequency coil for 7 T MRI. The signal intensity change in the blood vessels supplying to the visual cortex, specifically the calcarine arteries, was clearly observed during stimulation. The signal changes were increased gradually up to as high as 12% as the vessel segments approach to the visual cortex where neuronal activity was believed to be occurred. The activation foci were not identical to those obtained by conventional fMRI, as expected, but they were closely related and confined to the visual cortical areas, when compared to fMRI responses. Therefore, fMRA technique using ultra‐high‐field 7 T MRI could provide the direct observation of microvascular changes in the arterial input vessels in relation to neuronal activity. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 22, 18–22, 2012
Slow delayed rectifying potassium current (IKs) – analysis of the in vitro inhibition data and predictive model development
Authors: Polak Sebastian , Wiśniowska Barbara , Glinka Anna , Fijorek Kamil , Mendyk Aleksander 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThe excitable cell membranes contain ion channels that allow the ions passage through the specific pores via a passive process. Assessment of the inhibition of the IKr (hERG) current is considered to be the main target during the drug development process, although there are other ionic currents for which drug‐triggered modification can either potentiate or mask hERG channel blockade. Information describing the results of in vitro studies investigating the chemical–IKs current interactions has been developed in the current study. Based on the publicly available data sources, 145 records were collected. The final list of publications consists of 64 positions and refers to 106 different molecules connected with IKs current inhibition, with at least one IC50 value measured. Ultimately, 98 of the IC50 values expressed as absolute values were gathered. For 36 records the IC50 was expressed as a relative value. For the 11 remaining records, the inhibition was not clearly expressed. Based on the collected data the predictive models for the IC50 estimation were developed with the use of various algorithms. The extended Quantitative Structure‐Activity Relationships (QSAR) methodology was applied and the in vitro research settings were included as independent variables, apart from the physico‐chemical descriptors calculated with the use of the Marvin Calculator Plugins. The root mean squared error and normalized root mean squared error values for the best model (an expert system based on two independent artificial neural networks) were 0.86 and 14.04%, respectively. The model was further built into the ToxComp system, the ToxIVIVE tool specialized for cardiotoxicity assessment of drugs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Austenitic and duplex stainless steels in simulated physiological solution characterized by electrochemical and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies
Authors: Kocijan Aleksandra , Conradi Marjetka , Schön Peter M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA study of oxide layers grown on 2205 duplex stainless steel (DSS) and AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel in simulated physiological solution is presented here in order to establish the possibility of replacement of AISI 316 L with 2205 DSS in biomedical applications. The results of the potentiodynamic measurements show that the extent of the passive range significantly increased for DSS 2205 compared to AISI 316L stainless steel. Cyclic voltammetry was used to investigate electrochemical processes taking place on the steel surfaces. Oxide layers formed by electrochemical oxidation at different oxidation potentials were studied by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and their compositions were analyzed as a function of depth. The main constituents on both the investigated materials were Cr‐ and Fe‐oxides. Atomic force microscopy topography studies revealed the higher corrosion resistance of the DSS 2205 compared to the AISI 316L under the chosen experimental conditions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Novel microwave synthesis of amorphous calcium phosphate nanospheres
Authors: Zhou Huan , Bhaduri Sarit 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAmorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) is an important precursor phase in tissue mineralization. It shows high solubility and excellent remineralization ability. Commercially viable techniques for producing ACP are high‐cost/low‐efficiency process. This article describes a novel microwave (MW)‐assisted ACP synthesis route as an alternative to current ACP synthesis methods. An important feature of the process is the use of supersaturated biomimetic fluids (SBFs), which are based on Kokubo‐like simulated body fluids. However, our present compositions are substantially different in that they no longer simulate the body fluid compositions. The effects of solution composition and processing parameters were studied. The mechanism of ACP synthesis under MW irradiation process is also discussed. The as‐synthesized ACP nanospheres were characterized and showed good reactivity and biocompatibility. These as‐synthesized nanoparticles can be potential candidates for biomedical applications and remineralization mechanism study. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Identifying FGA peptides as nasopharyngeal carcinoma‐associated biomarkers by magnetic beads
Authors: Tao Ya‐Lan , Li Yan , Gao Jin , Liu Zhi‐Gang , Tu Zi‐Wei , Li Guo , Xu Bing‐Qing , Niu Dao‐Li , Jiang Chang‐Bin , Yi Wei , Li Zhi‐Qiang , Li Jing , Wang Yi‐Ming , Cheng Zhi‐Bin , Liu Qiao‐Dan , Bai Li , Zhang Chun , Zhang Jing‐Yu , Zeng Mu‐Sheng , Xia Yun‐Fei 
Published: February 2012

AbstractEarly diagnosis and treatment is known to improve prognosis for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The study determined the specific peptide profiles by comparing the serum differences between NPC patients and healthy controls, and provided the basis for the diagnostic model and identification of specific biomarkers of NPC. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS) can be used to detect the molecular mass of peptides. Mass spectra of peptides were generated after extracting and purification of 40 NPC samples in the training set, 21 in the single center validation set and 99 in the multicenter validation set using weak cationic‐exchanger magnetic beads. The spectra were analyzed statistically using FlexAnalysis™ and ClinProt™ bioinformatics software. The four most significant peaks were selected out to train a genetic algorithm model to diagnose NPC. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 100% in the training set, 90.5% and 88.9% in the single center validation set, 91.9% and 83.3% in the multicenter validation set, and the false positive rate (FPR) and false negative rate (FNR) were obviously lower in the NPC group (FPR, 16.7%; FNR, 8.1%) than in the other cancer group (FPR, 39%; FNR, 61%), respectively. So, the diagnostic model including four peptides can be suitable for NPC but not for other cancers. FGA peptide fragments identified may serve as tumor‐associated biomarkers for NPC. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 2268–2278, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Involvement of 15‐lipoxygenase in the inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Wu Ming‐Yueh , Lin Tzu‐Hung , Chiu Yung‐Cheng , Liou Houng‐Chi , Yang Rong‐Sen , Fu Wen‐Mei 
Published: February 2012

Abstract15‐Lipoxygenase (15‐LOX) is involved in many pathological processes. The aim of this study is to examine the role of 15‐LOX in the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression and inflammatory arthritis. It was found that treatment of 15‐LOX downstream product of 15‐(S)‐HETE (15‐S‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid) increased the mRNA and protein levels of MMP‐2 in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblast (RASF) derived from rheumatoid arthritis patients. The enhancement effect of 15‐(S)‐HETE was antagonized by the addition of LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) and PDTC (NF‐κB inhibitor). Treatment of 15‐(S)‐HETE increased the phosphorylation of AKT, nuclear translocation of p65 and the breakdown of IκBα. TNF‐α and IL‐1β are the key cytokines involved in arthritis and also increase the activity of MMP‐2 in RASF, which was antagonized by pretreatment with 15‐LOX inhibitor PD146176 or knockdown of 15‐LOX. It was also found that these two cytokines increased the expression of 15‐LOX in RASF. Treatment of glucocorticoid but not NSAIDs inhibited 15‐(S)‐HETE‐induced expression of MMP‐2. In comparison with wild‐type mice, adjuvant‐induced arthritis and MMP‐2 expression in synovial membrane were markedly inhibited in 15‐LOX knockout (KO) mice. These results indicate that 15‐LOX plays an important role in the disease progression of arthritis and may be involved in the inflammatory action induced by TNF‐α and IL‐1β. 15‐LOX is thus a good target for developing drugs in the treatment of inflammatory arthritis. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 2279–2289, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diffusion‐tensor MRI reveals the complex muscle architecture of the human forearm
Authors: Froeling Martijn , Nederveen Aart J. , Heijtel Dennis F.R. , Lataster Arno , Bos Clemens , Nicolay Klaas , Maas Mario , Drost Maarten R. , Strijkers Gustav J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPurpose:To design a time‐efficient patient‐friendly clinical diffusion tensor MRI protocol and postprocessing tool to study the complex muscle architecture of the human forearm.Materials and Methods:The 15‐minute examination was done using a 3 T system and consisted of: T1‐weighted imaging, dual echo gradient echo imaging, single‐shot spin‐echo echo‐planar imaging (EPI) diffusion tensor MRI. Postprocessing comprised of signal‐to‐noise improvement by a Rician noise suppression algorithm, image registration to correct for motion and eddy currents, and correction of susceptibility‐induced deformations using magnetic field inhomogeneity maps. Per muscle one to five regions of interest were used for fiber tractography seeding. To validate our approach, the reconstructions of individual muscles from the in vivo scans were compared to photographs of those dissected from a human cadaver forearm.Results:Postprocessing proved essential to allow muscle segmentation based on combined T1‐weighted and diffusion tensor data. The protocol can be applied more generally to study human muscle architecture in other parts of the body.Conclusion:The proposed protocol was able to visualize the muscle architecture of the human forearm in great detail and showed excellent agreement with the dissected cadaver muscles. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:237–248. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Feasibility of semiquantitative liver perfusion assessment by ferucarbotran bolus injection in double‐contrast hepatic MRI
Authors: Fischer Michael A. , Donati Olivio F. , Reiner Caecilia S. , Hunziker Roger , Nanz Daniel , Boss Andreas 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate the feasibility of semiquantitative measurement of liver perfusion from analysis of ferucarbotran induced signal‐dynamics in double‐contrast liver MR‐imaging (DC‐MRI).Materials and Methods:In total 31 patients (21 men; 58 ± 10 years) including 18 patients with biopsy proven liver cirrhosis prospectively underwent clinically indicated DC‐MRI at 1.5 Tesla (T) with dynamic T2*‐weighted gradient‐echo imaging after ferucarbotran bolus injection. Breathing artefacts in tissue and input time curves were reduced by Savitzky‐Golay‐filtering and semiquantitative perfusion maps were calculated using a model free approach. Hepatic blood flow index (HBFI) and splenic blood flow index (SBFI) were determined by normalization of arbitrary perfusion values to the perfusion of the erector spinae muscle resulting in a semiquantitative perfusion measure.Results:In 30 of 31 patients the evaluated protocol could successfully be applied. Mean HBF was 7.7 ± 2.46 (range, 4.6–12.8) and mean SBF was 13.20 ± 2.57 (range, 8.5–17.8). A significantly lower total HBF was seen in patients with cirrhotic livers as compared to patients with noncirrhotic livers (P < 0.05). In contrast, similar SBF was observed in cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients (P = 0.11).Conclusion:Capturing the signal dynamics during bolus injection of ferucarbotran in DC‐MRI of the liver allows for semiquantitative assessment of hepatic perfusion that may be helpful for a more precise characterisation of liver cirrhosis and focal liver lesions. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:168–176. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Individualized, multimodal palliative treatment of inoperable esophageal cancer: Clinical impact of photodynamic therapy resulting in prolonged survival
Authors: Lindenmann Joerg , Matzi Veronika , Neuboeck Nicole , Anegg Udo , Baumgartner Eva , Maier Alfred , Smolle Josef , Smolle‐Juettner Freyja Maria 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveIn esophageal carcinoma palliative treatment is often required due to advanced tumor stage or patient‐related factors. The main goal of our retrospective single center study was to evaluate the effect of an individualized multimodal palliative treatment, focusing on the efficacy of different treatment options.Materials and MethodsBetween 1999 and 2009, 640 patients suffering from esophageal carcinoma were referred to our division. Two hundred fifty out of those (39.1%) were treated with palliative intention by using a individualized, multimodal concept including endoscopic dilatation, photodynamic therapy (PDT), endoluminal brachytherapy, external radiation, chemotherapy, stenting, feeding tube, and palliative resection.ResultsThere were 37 women (14.9%) and 211 men (85.1%). The treatment included PDT in 171 cases (in 118 as first measure), stenting in 124 (38), dilatation in 83 (24), endoluminal brachytherapy in 92 (20), feeding enterostomy in 40 (14), external radiation in 67 (23), chemotherapy in 57 (29), and palliative resection in 3 patients. The mean number of palliative treatments per patient was 2.6. Mean survival time for the collective was 34 months. Distant metastases and nodal positivity were connected with a significantly reduced survival. If PDT was used in the first place, median survival was 50.9 months compared to 17.3 months if other options were used as initial modality (P = 0.012).ConclusionBy using an individualized multimodal approach, an acceptable mean survival time can be achieved in advanced esophageal cancer treated with palliative intention. PDT, if used as initial endoluminal treatment in patients without gross tumor infiltration into the mediastinum, the great vessels or the tracheo‐bronchial tree, enables a considerable beneficial effect in the palliative setting. Lasers Surg. Med. 44:189–198, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adolescent Motivations for Reality Television Viewing: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Patino Anthony , Kaltcheva Velitchka D. , Smith Michael F. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTWith the recent growth of reality television programing and its appeal to adolescent viewers, marketers, advertisers, and public policy experts need to understand what motivations drive adolescents to watch reality programs. By understanding adolescent viewer motivations, professionals will be able to craft effective marketing strategies and develop public policy programs for improving the welfare of adolescents. This research involves an exploratory study that examines adolescents’ motivations for watching reality programs through a content analysis of free‐response data from a national sample of 800 adolescents in the United States, members of a Harris Online panel. Theoretical, managerial, and public policy implications of the findings are discussed.
Effects of Mood States on Variety Seeking: The Moderating Roles of Personality
Authors: Chien‐Huang Lin , Hung‐Chou Lin 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTBuilding upon previous research and in an attempt to better understand the influence of mood states on variety‐seeking (VS) tendency, two specific emotional states (sadness and happiness) are discussed. Furthermore, this article proposes that the effects of mood states on VS are moderated by individuals’ differences. In this article, optimum stimulation level, self‐monitoring, and need for cognition are used to examine the moderating effects of this relationship. Consistent with the proposed hypotheses, the results indicate that sad individuals tend to incorporate more VS than happy ones. In addition, the three personality types tested in this article moderate the effects of mood on VS. Finally, suggestions for future research are discussed.
Oligoaniline‐Containing Supramolecular Block Copolymer Nanodielectric Materials
Authors: Hardy Christopher G. , Islam Md. Sayful , Gonzalez‐Delozier Dioni , Ploehn Harry J. , Tang Chuanbing 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe report a new generation of nanodielectric energy storage materials based on supramolecular block copolymers. In our approach, highly polarizable, conducting nanodomains are embedded within an insulating matrix through block copolymer microphase separation. An applied electric field leads to electronic polarization of the conducting domains. The high interfacial area of microphase‐separated domains amplifies the polarization, leading to high dielectric permittivity. Specifically, reversible addition fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization was used to prepare block copolymers with poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) as the insulating segment and a strongly acidic dopant moiety, poly‐(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid) (PAMPSA), as the basis for the conducting segment. The PAMPSA block was complexed with an oligoaniline trimer to form a dopant‐conjugated moiety complex that is electronically conductive after oxidation. For the undoped neat block copolymers, the increase of the PMA block length leads to a transition in dielectric properties from ionic conductor to dielectric capacitor with polarization resulting from migration of protons within the isolated PAMPSA domains. The oligoaniline‐doped copolymers show remarkably different dielectric properties. At frequencies above 200 kHz, they exhibit characteristics of dielectric capacitors with much higher permittivity and lower dielectric loss than the corresponding undoped copolymers.