bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social orientations and adolescent health behaviours in Hungary
Authors: Piko Bettina F. , Skultéti Dóra , Luszczynska Aleksandra , Gibbons Frederick X. 
Published: June 2009

Adolescent health behaviours are influenced by a variety of social factors, including social orientations, such as social comparison or competitiveness. The main goal of the present study was to investigate the role that these social orientations might play in health behaviours (both health‐impairing and health‐promoting). Data were collected from high school students (N = 548; ages 14–20 years; 39.9% males) in two counties of the Southern Plain Region of Hungary. The self‐administered questionnaires contained items on sociodemographics, such as age, sex, parental schooling, and socioeconomic status (SES) self‐assessment; school achievement, health behaviours, competitiveness and social comparison. Multiple regression analyses suggest that those who scored higher on competitiveness engaged in more substance use, a pattern that was not present for health‐promoting behaviours. Social comparison, however, was associated with lower levels of substance use. In addition, in relation to health‐impairing behaviours, both competitiveness and social comparison interacted with sex; both social orientation variables proved to be more important for boys. Social comparison also contributed to health‐promoting behaviours among boys. Findings support the idea that the role of social orientations, such as competitiveness and social comparison, can be quite different depending on sex and the nature of the health behaviour. While competitiveness may act as a risk factor for substance use among boys, social comparison may act as a protection. It appears that social orientations play less of a role in girls' health‐related behaviours. More focus is needed on gender differences in influences on adolescents' health‐related behaviours.
Nation and Empire: Dilemmas of Legitimacy during Stalinism in Poland (1941–1956)
Authors: Behrends Jan C. 
Published: June 2009

IntroductionIn 1944 Poland was re-established for the second time in the twentieth century. Between the Lublin manifesto of 22 July 1944 and the Potsdam conference of summer 1945 a communist-dominated regime had formed, which was had little in common with the Second Republic that had been founded between the declaration of independence on 9 November 1918 and the peace of Riga with Bolshevik Russia signed in March 1921. Post-war Poland was significantly smaller, geographically further to the west, and ethnically more homogeneous. The Holocaust had destroyed Europe's most sizeable Jewish population, the loss of thekresy(eastern borderlands) to the USSR had reduced the size of eastern-Slavic minorities and the expulsion of the Germans from East Prussia, Pomerania and Silesia further helped to create an ethnically homogeneous country. For the first time in her history, Poland had the structure of a nation-state. Through the destruction and catastrophe of Nazi occupation and genocide the goal of firebrand Polish nationalists such as Roman Dmowski had been achieved: a Poland inhabited by ethnic Poles. Still, the new Poland was less independent than its predecessor; from 1944 onwards it was part of the emerging post-war Soviet Empire. Polish sovereignty had fallen victim to Stalin's “revolutionary-imperial paradigm.” Expansion of Moscow's power was as much a priority of the Soviet leadership as the export of Bolshevik revolution.
Hepatic falciform ligament artery in patients with chronic liver diseases: detection on computed tomography hepatic arteriography
Authors: Tajima T. , Yoshimitsu K. , Irie H. , Nishie A. , Hirakawa M. , Ishigami K. , Ushijima Y. , Okamoto D. , Honda H. 
Published: June 2009

Background: The detection rate of hepatic falciform ligament artery (FLA) has been reported as ranging from 2–25%. The rate of FLA on laparotomy, however, is reported to be higher, at 68%. Purpose: To compare the detection rate of FLA on computed tomography hepatic arteriography (CTHA) with that on angiography and dynamic CT, and to clarify the clinical significance of FLA in patients with chronic liver disease. Material and Methods: 126 consecutive patients underwent CTHA angiography and dynamic CT to evaluate suspected liver tumors. Liver function was classified as follows: normal, n=5; Child-Pugh class A, n=94; B, n=21; and C, n=6. All CT images were obtained using multidetector (MDCT) scanners (Aquilion; Toshiba, Tokyo, Japan). For CTHA, CT images were obtained during contrast material injection through the left hepatic, proper, or common hepatic artery. On CT, FLAs were retrospectively identified within the hepatic falciform ligament and the hepatic round ligament by the paging method on a workstation (TWS-5000; Toshiba, Tokyo, Japan). The detection rates were compared among the three modalities (hepatic arterial phase of dynamic CT, CTHA, and angiography). The calibers of FLA were also correlated with the hepatic function of the patients. Results: The detection rates of FLA by angiography, dynamic CT, and CTHA were 37% (47/126), 10% (13/126), and 77% (97/126), respectively. The calibers of FLA increased as the hepatic function deteriorated ( P=0.001). Conclusion: The detection rates of FLA with CTHA are far higher than those with angiography and dynamic CT. Careful interpretation with recognition of FLA on CTHA images is important, as inadvertent embolization or chemotherapeutic infusion of the FLA may result in supraumbilical skin rash.
ON ‘AN INTROSPECTIVE JOURNEY’
Authors: Bagnoli Anna 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACT
To what extent can the experience of travel become also a journey of self-discovery leading to a reconstruction of identities? Taking ‘a year out’, inter-railing, going abroad on a language study or an au pair stay: these are some of the most common forms of youth travel in contemporary Europe. As almost ritual ways of moving, they may be likened to initiation journeys. This article explores the significance of travel in young people's lives, and in the process of identity construction. These issues are explored in the travel narratives of a group of young people who took part in an autobiographical and mixed method project on identities which was conducted in England and Italy. The meaning of travel in these young people's lives is appreciated through their own words and written diaries. Young people's agency and role in constructing their travel experiences is analysed, as well as the extent to which fate, in the shape of societal expectations and norms, as well as parental intervention, may actually predefine some forms of travel as ‘institutional’ rites of passage. Travels may offer a scenario for an individualised construction of self, which may also involve the co-participation of significant others. The experiences of young women backpackers in this study point out how travelling can still be a way of defining alternative gender identities.
Increasing the coverage of a metapopulation consensus genome by iterative read mapping and assembly
Authors: Dutilh Bas E. , Huynen Martijn A. , Strous Marc 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Motivation: Most microbial species can not be cultured in the laboratory. Metagenomic sequencing may still yield a complete genome if the sequenced community is enriched and the sequencing coverage is high. However, the complexity in a natural population may cause the enrichment culture to contain multiple related strains. This diversity can confound existing strict assembly programs and lead to a fragmented assembly, which is unnecessary if we have a related reference genome available that can function as a scaffold.
Results: Here, we map short metagenomic sequencing reads from a population of strains to a related reference genome, and compose a genome that captures the consensus of the population's sequences. We show that by iteration of the mapping and assembly procedure, the coverage increases while the similarity with the reference genome decreases. This indicates that the assembly becomes less dependent on the reference genome and approaches the consensus genome of the multi-strain population.
Contact: dutilh@cmbi.ru.nl
Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
ISOLATE: a computational strategy for identifying the primary origin of cancers using high-throughput sequencing
Authors: Quon Gerald , Morris Quaid 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Motivation: One of the most deadly cancer diagnoses is the carcinoma of unknown primary origin. Without the knowledge of the site of origin, treatment regimens are limited in their specificity and result in high mortality rates. Though supervised classification methods have been developed to predict the site of origin based on gene expression data, they require large numbers of previously classified tumors for training, in part because they do not account for sample heterogeneity, which limits their application to well-studied cancers.
Results: We present ISOLATE, a new statistical method that simultaneously predicts the primary site of origin of cancers and addresses sample heterogeneity, while taking advantage of new high-throughput sequencing technology that promises to bring higher accuracy and reproducibility to gene expression profiling experiments. ISOLATE makes predictions de novo, without having seen any training expression profiles of cancers with identified origin. Compared with previous methods, ISOLATE is able to predict the primary site of origin, de-convolve and remove the effect of sample heterogeneity and identify differentially expressed genes with higher accuracy, across both synthetic and clinical datasets. Methods such as ISOLATE are invaluable tools for clinicians faced with carcinomas of unknown primary origin.
Availability: ISOLATE is available for download at: http://morrislab.med.utoronto.ca/software
Contact: gerald.quon@utoronto.ca; quaid.morris@utoronto.ca
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
FancyGene: dynamic visualization of gene structures and protein domain architectures on genomic loci
Authors: Rambaldi Davide , Ciccarelli Francesca D. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Summary: FancyGene is a fast and user-friendly web-based tool for producing images of one or more genes directly on the corresponding genomic locus. Starting from a variety of input formats, FancyGene rebuilds the basic components of a gene (UTRs, intron, exons). Once the initial representation is obtained, the user can superimpose additional features—such as protein domains and/or a variety of biological markers—in specific positions. FancyGene is extremely flexible allowing the user to change the resulting image dynamically, modifying colors and shapes and adding and/or removing objects. The output images are generated either in portable network graphics (PNG) or portable document format (PDF) formats and can be used for scientific presentations as well as for publications. The PDF format preserves editing capabilities, allowing picture modification using any vector graphics editor.
Availability: http://bio.ifom-ieo-campus.it/fancygene
Contact: francesca.ciccarelli@ifom-ieo-campus.it
Supplementary Information: Details, examples and tutorials can be found at http://bio.ifom-ieo-campus.it/fancygene/tutorial.html and http://bio.ifom-ieo-campus.it/fancygene/help.html
Wisdom of Generations: A Pilot Study of the Values Transmitted in Ethical Wills of Nursing Home Residents and Student Volunteers
Authors: Cohen-Mansfield Jiska , Regier Natalie G. , Peyser Hedy , Stanton Joshua 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPurpose: This is a pilot study that provides a description of the values older persons report in ethical wills and their reasoning for the values they chose, and compares the values in ethical wills of seniors and students. Nursing home residents rarely get the opportunity or venue to discuss these topics and the ethical will enables them to have conversations about issues they feel are important.  Design and Methods: The 22 Questions for Ethical Wills© assessment was administered to 15 residents of a large nursing home in suburban Maryland and to 11 student volunteers. Raters identified recurring themes and independently analyzed the text from the ethical wills based on the themes. Questions that prompted similar responses were combined in the analyses.  Results: The most prevalent theme among both nursing home residents and students was “interpersonal relations.” Differences between groups of respondents were especially evident for the theme of “education,” which was given by over a half of the older persons and none of the students. Greater variability was found in the responses of the older participants, as was a greater likelihood of providing detailed explanations for their relayed values.  Implications: The 22 Questions for Ethical Wills© is a useful methodology to elicit meaningful discussions of values and life lessons in persons both young and old. This process offers an intriguing comparison between the similarities and differences of life views of persons at opposite ends of the age spectrum.
Preventing overexploitation of migratory fish stocks: the efficacy of marine protected areas in a stochastic environment
Authors: West Christopher D. , Dytham Calvin , Righton David , Pitchford Jonathan W. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
West, C. D., Dytham, C., Righton, D., and Pitchford, J.W. 2009. Preventing overexploitation of migratory fish stocks: the efficacy of marine protected areas in a stochastic environment. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1919–1930. Marine protected areas (MPAs) have been widely proposed for protecting overexploited fish populations. It has been suggested that fisheries may be enhanced by spillover of individuals from MPAs into fishing grounds. However, traditional spillover studies fail to account for the seasonal migrations of many populations. Most fisheries models also fail to include the stochasticity inherent in marine environments explicitly. Here we assess MPA efficacy using a simple population model simulating the migration of fish populations between a spawning ground MPA and a fishery. Including realistic environmental stochasticity in our model allows the population to deviate from, and shift between, positive stable equilibria, something that is impossible in a deterministic analysis. This deviation may result in population collapse in cases where deterministic analysis predicts population persistence. We show that, although effective at low migration levels, the ability of MPAs to protect stocks from collapse generally decreases as migration increases. However, an MPA provides greater protection and greater expected fisheries yield than a system without an MPA, irrespective of migration level. Combining MPAs with a harvest control rule may further increase protection and yield. We therefore argue that MPAs can play a role in the protection of migratory species.
Influence of Low Molecular Weight Glutenins on Viscoelastic Properties of Intact Wheat Kernels and Their Relation to Functional Properties of Wheat Dough
Authors: Maucher Tanja , Figueroa J. D. C. , Reule W. , Peña R. J. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe mechanical and viscoelastic properties of intact wheat kernels of 36 wheat cultivars differing in low molecular weight glutenin subunit (LMW‐GS) composition (loci Glu‐A3, Glu‐B3, and Glu‐D3) were evaluated using load‐compression tests. Comparison among genotypic groups representing Glu‐3 allelic variants showed that groups representing the alleles Glu‐A3 b, c, and d; Glu‐B3 d, g, and h; and Glu‐D3 a, b, and d, had harder kernel texture, higher kernel elastic work and larger gluten strength‐related parameters than those possessing alleles Glu‐A3 e; Glu‐B3 f, i and j (translocation 1B/1R); and Glu‐D3 d. Modulus of elasticity (stress to strain ratio) showed low values (111.9–168.8 MPa) for allelic groups possessing poor elastic properties (Glu‐A3 e; Glu‐B3 f, i, and j; and Glu‐D3 d), and high values (179.8–222.6 MPa) for allelic groups possessing high kernel elastic properties (Glu‐A3 b c, and d; Glu‐B3 d, g, and h; and Glu‐D3 a, b and c). The highest values for gluten strength‐related parameters (SDS‐sedimentation, dough mixing time, and dough strength [W]) corresponded to allelic groups Glu‐A3 d; Glu‐B3 d and g; and Glu‐D3 d, while the lowest corresponded to Glu‐A3 e and Glu‐B3 j. No significant differences were observed among groups with regard to gluten extensibility parameters; however, the highest P/L value (least extensibility) corresponded to Glu‐B3 j, which indicates presence of 1B/1R translocation. Except for the Glu‐B3 j (translocation 1B/1R) allele, which presented more variation within samples, a general relationship between kernel viscoelastic properties and dough viscoelastic properties was observed; samples showing higher elastic work to plastic work ratio (E/P) tended to possess better gluten strength than cultivars with low E/P ratio.
Effect of Hydrocolloids on Water Absorption of Wheat Flour and Farinograph and Textural Characteristics of Dough
Authors: Linlaud N. E. , Puppo M. C. , Ferrero C. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe effect of hydrocolloids addition (0, 25, or 1.5 g/100 g of flour) on water absorption of flour and their influence on dough rheology were analyzed. The influence of guar gum (GG), xanthan gum (XG), high‐methoxyl pectin (P), locust bean gum (LBG), and a 1:1 mixture of locust bean gum and xanthan gum (LBG+XG) on water absorption was tested by different techniques including farinograph water absorption, water imbibing capacity, SDS sedimentation test, and sucrose solvent retention capacity. The rheological behavior was analyzed through the farinograph parameters and texture profile analysis (TPA). Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to evaluate the behavior of the different mixtures. Absorption values obtained by different methods were increased by XG and LBG+XG addition, particularly at the highest levels (1–1.5%). Flour‐P mixtures showed the lowest absorption. GG‐added mixtures led to the more stable doughs and P to the less stable ones. Addition of NaCl increased stability in all cases. According to TPA, softer and less cohesive doughs than control were obtained when hydrocolloids were added, both in conditions of water availability and water restriction (except for XG and GG at the highest levels). However, when enough water was added, more variation in textural attributes among doughs could be observed by PCA. No remarkable differences compared with the control were observed in the gluten network, as evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Hydrocolloid incorporation led to rheological changes in dough; the trend and degree of this effect was affected by the amount of water added and the structure and concentration of the hydrocolloid.
Breadmaking Use of Andean Crops Quinoa, Kañiwa, Kiwicha, and Tarwi
Authors: Rosell Cristina M. , Cortez Gladys , Repo‐Carrasco Ritva 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe effect of addition of flours from the highly nutritious Andean crops quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), kañiwa (Chenopodium pallidicaule), kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus), and tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis) has been investigated in wheat doughs and fresh bread quality. The thermomechanical profile of wheat doughs and bread quality has been explored by increasing substitution of wheat flour at 0–100% by Andean crop flours. Dough blends were evaluated using the Chopin Mixolab device, whereas bread quality assessment comprised sensory (overall acceptability) and physicochemical (moisture, specific volume, texture, color) determinations in composite breads. In general, no breads with aerated crumb structure could be obtained from 100% Andean crop flours, with the exception of quinoa breads that had overall sensory values about half a completely perfect score, and which were not significantly different from the breads made from a 50:50 blend of wheat and quinoa. Replacement of wheat flour by ≤12.5% (tarwi), 25% (kañiwa), and 50% (kiwicha), respectively, still produced breads with good sensory acceptability but variable color and doughs with acceptable thermomechanical patterns. Partial substitution of wheat flour by Andean crop flours constitutes a viable option to improve the nutritional value of the breads, with acceptable technological performance of dough blends and composite breads.
Effect of Fractionation of Distillers Dried Grains With Solubles (DDGS) on Pelleting Characteristics of Broiler Diets
Authors: Srinivasan Radhakrishnan , Corzo Alejandro , Koch Kim B. , Kidd Michael T. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTRecently, the Elusieve process, a combination of elutriation (air classification) and sieving (screening) was developed to separate fiber from distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) to increase DDGS utilization in nonruminant (poultry and swine) diets. Elusieve process produces three products: 1) Pan DDGS, with 5% higher protein content than conventional DDGS, which would be used at higher inclusion levels in broiler diets because of low fiber content; 2) Big DDGS, with nearly the same protein content as conventional DDGS, which would be used at same inclusion levels as conventional DDGS; and 3) Fiber product. The objective of this study was to determine and compare pellet‐mill throughput, power consumption, and pellet quality for broiler diets incorporating different levels (0, 10, and 20%) of conventional DDGS and DDGS products from Elusieve process. Poultry oil contents were lower (1.5–1.6%) in diets comprising Pan DDGS and diets without DDGS than in the other diets (2.2–3.1%). The feed throughput was not affected by inclusion levels or type of DDGS. Pellet quality (pellet durability index [PDI]) for diets comprising Pan DDGS (both 10 and 20% inclusion levels) was significantly better than PDI for diets comprising conventional DDGS, Big DDGS, and the diet without DDGS. Better pellet quality of diets comprising Pan DDGS could be due to lower quantity of poultry oil used as well as compositional characteristics such as low fiber and high protein. Diets with Big DDGS had similar pelleting characteristics to those with conventional DDGS. Pellet quality deteriorated at higher inclusion levels of conventional DDGS, Big DDGS, and Enhanced DDGS. Considering that Pan DDGS would be included at higher inclusion levels in broiler diets, superior pellet quality of diets comprising Pan DDGS is beneficial.
Comparison of Different Types of NIR Instruments in Ability to Measure β‐Glucan Content in Naked Barley
Authors: Schmidt J. , Gergely S. , Schönlechner R. , Grausgruber H. , Tömösközi S. , Salgó A. , Berghofer E. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTImportance of β‐glucan in human nutrition is mirrored in numerous approval applications registering β‐glucan containing products as health beneficial products in accordance with forthcoming EU Health Claims Regulation. In comparison to other cereals, barley contains considerable amounts of β‐glucan. Naked barley is of particular interest because it circumvents the costs and loss of beneficial substances related to dehusking. In this study, the potential of near‐infrared spectroscopy as an accurate, fast and economic method of determination of β‐glucan in naked barley was appraised. Four different near‐infrared instruments were used to analyze 107 barley samples, in both whole grain and milled form. Importantly, both black and purple pericarp samples, which are of additional nutritional interest due to high anthocyanin content, and waxy samples, which show an extraordinary high β‐glucan content could be analyzed within the same calibration set as the normal samples. All tested dispersive near‐infrared reflection instruments showed suitability for supervision of breeding experiments and β‐glucan monitoring in food industries (R2 > 0.78). Common, industrially used near‐infrared transmission instruments also provided reasonable results, although only suitable for rough selection according to β‐glucan levels. On the other hand, the Fourier transform near‐infrared reflection instrument was able to perform analytical analyses (R2 = 0.96–0.98).