bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aerial photosieving of exposed gravel bars for the rapid calibration of airborne grain size maps
Authors: Dugdale Stephen J. , Carbonneau Patrice E. , Campbell David 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn recent years, fluvial remote sensing has seen considerable progress in terms of methods capable of system scale characterisation of river catchments. One key development is automated grain size mapping. It has been shown that high resolution aerial photography can be used to automatically produce grain size maps over entire rivers. However, current aerial grain size mapping procedures all require field calibration data. The collection of such data can be costly and problematic in the case of remote areas. This paper presents a method developed to remove the need for field based calibration data. Called ‘aerial photosieving’, this method consists of using the same very high resolution aerial imagery intended for grain size map production to visually measure particle sizes on‐screen in order to provide calibration data. The paper presents a rigorous comparison of field‐based photosieving calibration data and aerial photosieving calibration data. Statistical tests are used to demonstrate that aerial photosieving gives similar results when compared with field‐based data with only a slight systematic overprediction. The new aerial photosieving method therefore simplifies the overall procedure required for the production of grain size maps and thus improves the cost‐effectiveness and potential availability of this new fluvial remote sensing technology. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley &Sons, Ltd.
Debris entrainment by basal freeze‐on and thrusting during the 1995–1998 surge of Kuannersuit Glacier on Disko Island, west Greenland
Authors: Larsen Nicolaj K. , Kronborg Christian , Yde Jacob C. , Knudsen Niels Tvis 
Published: January 2010

AbstractKuannersuit Glacier, a valley glacier on Disko Island in west Greenland, experienced a major surge from 1995 to 1998 where the glacier advanced 10·5 km and produced a ∼65 m thick stacked sequence of debris‐rich basal ice and meteoric glacier ice. The aim of this study is to describe the tectonic evolution of large englacial thrusts and the processes of basal ice formation using a multiproxy approach including structural glaciology, stable isotope composition (δ18O and δD), sedimentology and ground‐penetrating radar. We argue that the major debris layers that can be traced in the terminal zone represent englacial thrusts that were formed early during the surge. Thrust overthrow was at least 200–300 m and this lead to a 30 m thick repetition of basal ice at the ice margin. It is assumed that the englacial thrusting was initiated at the transition between warm ice from the interior and the cold snout. The basal debris‐rich ice was mainly formed after the thrusting phase. Two sub‐facies of stratified basal ice have been identified; a lower massive ice facies (SM) composed of frozen diamict enriched with heavy stable isotopes overlain by laminated ice facies (SL) consisting of millimetre thick lamina of alternating debris‐poor and debris‐rich ice. We interpret the stratified basal ice as a continuum formed mainly by freeze‐on processes and localized regelation. First laminated basal ice is formed and as meltwater is depleted more sediment is entrained and finally the glacier freezes to the base and massive diamict is frozen‐on. The increased ability to entrain sediments may partly be associated with higher basal freezing rates enhanced by loss of frictional heat from cessation of fast flow and conductive cooling through a thin heavily crevassed ice during the final phase of the glacier surge. The dispersed basal ice facies (D) was mainly formed by secondary processes where fine‐grained sediment is mobilized in the vein system of ice. Our results have important implications for understanding the significance of basal ice formation and englacial thrusting beneath fast‐flowing glaciers and it provides new information about the development of landforms during a glacier surge. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Whole chromosome loss is promoted by telomere dysfunction in primary cells
Authors: Pampalona Judit , Soler David , Genescà Anna , Tusell Laura 
Published: January 2010

AbstractErrors in chromosome segregation during mitosis result in aneuploidy, which in humans may play a role in the onset of neoplasia by changing gene dosage. Nearly all solid tumors exhibit genomic instability at the chromosomal level, showing both structural and numerical chromosome abnormalities. Chromosomal instability occurs early in the development of cancer and may represent an important step in the initiation and/or progression of the disease. Telomere integrity appears to be a critical element in the genesis of structural chromosome imbalances, but it is still not clear whether it can also generate numerical chromosome aberrations. We investigated the possible relationship between telomere shortening and aneuploidy formation in human mammary epithelial cells using the cytokinesis‐block micronucleus assay combined with fluorescent DNA probes. In this cell system, uncapped chromosomes fuse with each other resulting in dicentric chromosomes, which are known to be a source of new structural chromosome rearrangements. Here, we show that in primary epithelial cells, the chromosomes with short telomeres are more frequently involved in missegregation events than chromosomes of normal telomere length. Whole chromosome aneuploidy occurs through both nondisjunction and anaphase lagging of dicentric chromatids, which suggests that pulling anaphase bridges toward opposite poles can generate the necessary force for detaching a chromosome from the microtubules of one or both spindle poles. Therefore, telomere‐driven instability can promote not only the appearance of chromosomal rearrangements but also the appearance of numerical chromosome aberrations that could favor cell immortalization and the acquisition of a tumor phenotype. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A geometric and kinematic model for double‐edge propagating thrusts involving hangingwall and footwall folding. An example from the Jaca–Pamplona Basin (Southern Pyrenees)
Authors: Uzkeda Hodei , Poblet Josep , Bulnes Mayte 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA new geometric and kinematic model is proposed for a particular type of fault‐related folding based on the study of a natural example developed in Palaeogene carbonate rocks from the Jaca–Pamplona Basin (Southern Pyrenees). The example consists of a hangingwall anticline related to a reverse fault with variable displacement and a gentle footwall syncline. A detailed structural analysis of the structure and a cross‐section, perpendicular to its axis and parallel to the transport direction, reveals that none of the previous published models of fault‐related folds is able to simulate its main characteristics and reproduce its geometry. The main features of the new model are: double‐edge propagating fault and folding developed in both the hangingwall and the footwall. A MATLAB‐based program was created to calculate structural parameters such as shortening, structural relief and fault slip; obtain graphs of different parameters such as shortening versus slip along the fault, shortening versus fault length, and produce sections across forward models showing the different stages of fold growth. The model presented here gives an acceptable geometrical fit to the studied natural structure and provides a reasonable evolutionary history. In addition, the results obtained using the model are similar to those measured on the cross‐section. As a final step the subsurface portion of the natural fold was completed following the constraints imposed by the model. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Topographic differences in adult neurogenesis in the mouse hippocampus: A stereology‐based study using endogenous markers
Authors: Jinno Shozo 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe hippocampus plays a critical role in various cognitive and affective functions. Increasing evidence shows that these functions are topographically distributed along the dorsoventral (septotemporal) and transverse axes of the hippocampus. For instance, dorsal hippocampus is involved in spatial memory and learning whereas ventral hippocampus is related to emotion. Here, we examined the topographic differences (dorsal vs. ventral; suprapyramidal vs. infrapyramidal) in adult neurogenesis in the mouse hippocampus using endogenous markers. The optical disector was applied to estimate the numerical densities (NDs) of labeled cells in the granule cell layer. The NDs of radial glia‐like progenitors labeled by brain lipid binding protein were significantly lower in the infrapyramidal blade of the ventral DG than in other subdivisions. The NDs of doublecortin‐expressing cells presumed neural progenitors and immature granule cells were significantly higher in the suprapyramidal blade of the dorsal DG than in the other subdivisions. The NDs of calretinin‐expressing cells presumed young granule cells at the postmitotic stage were significantly higher in the suprapyramidal blade than in the infrapyramidal blade in the dorsal DG. No significant regional differences were detected in the NDs of dividing cells identified by proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Taken together, these findings suggest that a larger pool of immature granule cells in dorsal hippocampus might be responsible for spatial learning and memory, whereas a smaller pool of radial glia‐like progenitors in ventral hippocampus might be associated with the susceptibility to affective disorders. Cell number estimation using a 300‐μm‐thick hypothetical slice indicates that regional differences in immature cells might contribute to the formation of topographic gradients in mature granule cells in the adult hippocampus. Our data also emphasizes the importance of considering such differences when evaluating changes in adult neurogenesis in pathological conditions and following experimental procedures. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Parvovirus H1 selectively induces cytotoxic effects on human neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Lacroix Jeannine , Leuchs Barbara , Li Junwei , Hristov Georgi , Deubzer Hedwig E. , Kulozik Andreas E. , Rommelaere Jean , Schlehofer Jörg R. , Witt Olaf 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDespite multimodal therapeutic concepts, advanced localized and high‐risk neuroblastoma remains a therapeutic challenge with a long‐term survival rate below 50%. Consequently, new modalities for the treatment of neuroblastoma, e.g., oncolytic virotherapy are urgently required. H‐1PV is a rodent parvovirus devoid of relevant pathogenic effects in infected adult animals. In contrast, the virus has oncolytic properties and is particularly cytotoxic for transformed or tumor‐derived cells of various species including cells of human origin. Here, a preclinical in vitro assessment of the application of oncolytic H‐1PV for the treatment of neuroblastoma cells was performed. Infection efficiency, viral replication and lytic activity of H‐1PV were analyzed in 11 neuroblastoma cell lines with different MYCN status. Oncoselectivity of the virus was confirmed by the infection of short term cultures of nonmalignant infant cells of different origin. In these nontransformed cells, no effect of H‐1PV on viability or morphology of the cells was observed. In contrast, a lytic infection was induced in all neuroblastoma cell lines examined at MOIs between 0.001 and 10 pfu/cell. H‐1PV actively replicated with virus titres increasing up to 5,000‐fold within 48–96 hr after infection. The lytic effect of H‐1PV was observed independent of MYCN oncogene amplification or differentiation status. Moreover, a significant G2‐arrest and induction of apoptosis could be demonstrated. Infection efficiency, rapid virus replication and exhaustive lytic effects on neuroblastoma cells together with the low toxicity of H‐1PV for nontransformed cells, render this parvovirus a promising candidate for oncolytic virotherapy of neuroblastoma.
Histone deacetylase inhibitor‐induced sensitization to TNFα/TRAIL‐mediated apoptosis in cervical carcinoma cells is dependent on HPV oncogene expression
Authors: Darvas Katalin , Rosenberger Simone , Brenner Dirk , Fritsch Cornelius , Gmelin Nadine , Krammer Peter H. , Rösl Frank 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHistone‐deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (HDACi) can block proliferation and induce intrinsic apoptosis in human papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive cervical carcinoma cells, independently of copy number and integration locus of the viral DNA. Using HPV18‐positive HeLa cells as model systems, we provide evidence that HDAC inhibition leads to transcriptional suppression of c‐FLIP, which negatively regulates extrinsic apoptosis by preventing the recruitment of caspase‐8 to the death‐inducing signaling complex. Consequently, HDACi pretreatment renders cervical cancer cells sensitive to TNFα and TRAIL‐induced apoptosis. Already 5‐hr incubation with TNFα or TRAIL was sufficient to eradicate more than 40% of pretreated cells, which are normally completely refractory against respective death‐ligands alone even under long‐term incubation. Ectopic expression of either short or long splicing variant of c‐FLIP, c‐FLIPs and c‐FLIPL, abrogates sensitization. Notably, combined HDACi/death ligand treatment did not result in eradication of HPV‐negative cells, despite the fact that both c‐FLIP isoforms were also downregulated. However, knocking down HPV18 E6/E7 transcription by siRNA prevents HDACi/death‐ligand mediated apoptosis, indicating that continued viral oncogene expression favors sensitization. Here, the viral oncoprotein E7 seems to play a functional role, since only HPV16 E7‐immortalized human keratinocytes underwent significant apoptosis on HDACi/TNFα treatment, whereas keratinocytes expressing only HPV16 E6 or primary keratinocytes were refractory under the same experimental conditions. Taken together, HDACi can be considered as an alternative therapeutic option in the treatment of premalignant and malignant lesions.
Atomistic insight into chondroitin‐6‐sulfate glycosaminoglycan chain through quantum mechanics calculations and molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Cilpa G. , Hyvönen M. T. , Koivuniemi A. , Riekkola M.‐L. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractChondroitin‐6‐sulfate (C6S) is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) constituent in the extracellular matrix, which participates actively in crucial biological processes, as well as in various pathological conditions, such as atherosclerosis and cancer. Molecular interactions involving the C6S chain are therefore of considerable interest. A computational model for atomistic simulation was built. This work describes the design and validation of a force field for a C6S dodecasaccharide chain. The results of an extensive molecular dynamics simulation performed with the new force field provide a novel insight into the structure and dynamics of the C6S chain. The intramolecular H‐bonds in the disaccharide linkage region are suggested to play a major role in determining the chain structural dynamics. Moreover, the unravelling of an additional H‐bond involving the sulfate groups in C6S is interesting as changes in sulfation have been claimed to be an important factor in several diseases. The force field will prove useful for future studies of crucial interactions between C6S and various nanoassemblies. It can also be used as a basis for modeling of other GAGs. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
Protein‐protein docking by shape‐complementarity and property matching
Authors: Geppert Tim , Proschak Ewgenij , Schneider Gisbert 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe present a computational approach to protein‐protein docking based on surface shape complementarity (“ProBinder”). Within this docking approach, we implemented a new surface decomposition method that considers local shape features on the protein surface. This new surface shape decomposition results in a deterministic representation of curvature features on the protein surface, such as “knobs,” “holes,” and “flats” together with their point normals. For the actual docking procedure, we used geometric hashing, which allows for the rapid, translation‐, and rotation‐free comparison of point coordinates. Candidate solutions were scored based on knowledge‐based potentials and steric criteria. The potentials included electrostatic complementarity, desolvation energy, amino acid contact preferences, and a van‐der‐Waals potential. We applied ProBinder to a diverse test set of 68 bound and 30 unbound test cases compiled from the Dockground database. Sixty‐four percent of the protein‐protein test complexes were ranked with an root mean square deviation (RMSD) < 5 Å to the target solution among the top 10 predictions for the bound data set. In 82% of the unbound samples, docking poses were ranked within the top ten solutions with an RMSD < 10 Å to the target solution. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
Lectin affinity electrophoresis of serum alkaline phosphatase in metastasized breast cancer
Authors: Le Bricon Thierry , Gay‐Bellile Cécile , Cottu Paul , Benlakehal Mourad , Guillon Hélène , Houzé Pascal 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe use of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) isoenzymes as markers of breast cancer metastases and treatment efficacy has received little attention. Twenty‐six breast cancer women (56±13 years, all post‐menopausal) were prospectively evaluated during their first and third course of chemotherapy (4‐week interval). Serum samples were analyzed for ALP isoenzymes (bone, liver, and intestine) using a lectin affinity electrophoresis kit (Hydragel 15 ISO‐PAL®, Sebia) adapted on a semi‐automated Hydrasys® system (Sebia). Results were compared with imaging techniques for the presence of metastases; bone ALP isoenzyme (B‐ALP) results werecompared with C‐Terminal degradation products of type I collagen (S‐CTX) (CrossLaps®, IDS Nordic). Serum B‐ALP, but not S‐CTX, confirmed the presence of bone metastases (BM) (n=15) with 67/100% sensitivity/specificity (using a 69 UI/L ROC cut‐off); ROC AUC was 0.806 (P=0.0004) (NS for S‐CTX). Chemotherapy reduced serum B‐ALP by 24% over 4 weeks (P=0.0012); there was no change for S‐CTX. There was no specific clinical pattern for other ALP isoenzymes (liver and intestine). In conclusion, serum B‐ALP, but not S‐CTX, could help confirm the presence of BM in breast cancer patients. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 24:20–24, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Platelets oxidative stress in Indian patients with ischemic heart disease
Authors: Garelnabi Mahdi , Gupta Vinod , Mallika Venkatesan , Bhattacharjee Jayashree 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackground: Oxidative stress has been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis and vascular tissue injury. Both platelet activation and lipid peroxidation are known to play major role in ischemic heart disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of platelets oxidative stress in Indian patients with ischemic heart disease. Methods: We measured platelets aggregation, malonyldialdehyde (MDA), plasma‐ionized Ca2+, and antioxidant enzymes, i.e., glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in healthy volunteers and patients with myocardial infarction, unstable and stable angina 40 subjects each. Results: Platelets aggregation, MDA, and plasma‐ionized Ca2+ have increased significantly across the patients groups compared with controls, this increase was accompanied by an overall decrease in the antioxidant enzymes activity; except for the slight increases in the glutathione peroxidase levels among the myocardial infarction patients. Conclusions: The current results suggest that platelet lipid peroxidation as marked by increased MDA level is augmented in ischemic heart diseases. The increased oxidative stress seen in these patients was accompanied by platelet activation and impaired antioxidant enzymes activity. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 24:49–54, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of acceleration voltage on scanning electron microscopy of human blood platelets
Authors: Pretorius E. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractScanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to view a variety of surface structures, molecules, or nanoparticles of different materials, ranging from metals, dental and medical instruments, and chemistry (e.g. polymer analysis) to biological material. Traditionally, the operating conditions of the SEM are very important in the material sciences, particularly the acceleration voltage. However, in biological sciences, it is not typically seen as an important parameter. Acceleration voltage allows electrons to penetrate the sample; thus, the higher the acceleration voltage the more penetration into the sample will occur. As a result, ultrastructural information from deeper layers will interfere with the actual surface morphology that is seen. Therefore, ultimately, if acceleration voltage is lower, a better quality of the surface molecules and structures will be produced. However, in biological sciences, this is an area that is not well‐documented. Typically, acceleration voltages of between 5 and 20 kV are used. This manuscript investigates the influence of acceleration voltages ranging from 5 kV to as low as 300 V, by studying surface ultrastructure of a human platelet aggregate. It is concluded that, especially at higher magnifications, much more surface detail is visible in biological samples when using an acceleration voltage between 2 kV and 300 V. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Automated synthesis of 18F‐labelled analogs of metomidate, vorozole and harmine using commercial platform
Authors: Rahman Obaidur , Erlandsson Maria , Blom Elisabeth , Långström Bengt 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThree 18F‐labelled PET tracers, 2‐[18F]fluoroethyl 1‐[(1R)‐1‐phenylethyl]‐1H‐imidazole‐5‐carboxylate ([18F]FETO), 6‐[(S)‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐(1H)‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)methyl]‐1‐(2‐[18F]fluoroethyl)‐1H‐benzotriazole ([18F]FVOZ) and 7‐[2‐(2‐[18F]fluoroethoxy)ethoxy]‐1‐9H‐β‐carboline ([18F]FHAR) were synthesized by a one‐step nucleophilic fluorination using the automated commercial platform TRACERLab FXFN. The labelled products were obtained with 16–20% isolated decay corrected radiochemical yields after 70–75 min synthesis time. The radiochemical and chemical purities were more than 98% in all cases. The synthesis using commercial platform may make these tracers more accessible for clinical research. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.