bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW ZEALAND TWIN REGISTER
Authors: Findlay John , Kjellstrom Tord , Veale Arthur 
Published: August 2010

SummaryLarge‐scale twin registers have been used in several countries for epidemiological studies of chronic diseases. They make possible an analysis of the health effects of environmental factors while genetic factors are controlled.A twin register comprising all live nuptial non‐Maori twins born in 1926 to 1935 in New Zealand was developed. The total number of multiple births was 2765 (with 2750 twin births) giving a multiple birth ratio of 1.1 per cent of live births. About one third each of the twin pairs were mixed‐sex, male and female pairs. After a multi‐stage record search process 1998 pairs had been traced to an address or a death record and an additional 580 pairs had one twin traced. The neonatal mortality rate for the twins was about 8 per cent, much higher than the 2.4 per cent reported for all births in 1930.The current addresses of the twins were searched in electoral rolls and a total of 1428 pairs where both are alive have been located. It is planned to collect base‐line environmental exposure data with an internationally agreed questionnaire and to follow‐up the mortality of the twins in the future.
REPLACING THE CLOCKWORK MODEL OF MEDICINE
Authors: Underwood Peter , Owen Alan , Winkler Robin 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe medical task itself needs to be examined and re‐defined so that medicine can become but one of several social responses required to raise health status. Dominant now is a clockwork model which defines illness in terms of specific causes located inside the individual. In contrast, social medicine has been the poor relation, despite strong evidence that past and present mortality patterns are strongly influenced by key social factors. The major forces working for or against a social model of medicine are outlined. The paper concludes with a summary of some of the questions to which a resurgent social medicine might address itself.
PARENTAL PERCEPTIONS OF MEASLES
Authors: Blaze‐Temple Debra , Binns Colin W. , Boldy Duncan P. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAustralia has recently decided to undertake an eradication programme for indigenous measles. A 90 to 95 per cent coverage rate will be needed to prevent epidemics in urban areas. The reasons for non‐compliance must be understood if this goal is to be reached by voluntary participation. This study used household interviews to assess the measles immunisation status of 506 children age 0 to 10 years and the attitudes/knowledge of 312 parents in selected areas of Perth. No statistical associations were found between measles immunisation compliance and child's age, parental ethnicity, child order, family size, parental level of education or parental ignorance level. However, lower family income, high parental apathy level and high parental fear level were found to be associated with measles immunisation non‐compliance.
HEALTH STATUS AND HEALTH CARE IN RURAL AUSTRALIA: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Humphreys J.S. , Weinand H.C. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractKnowledge of the health status of, and patterns of health care service utilization by rural Australian communities, is scant. This deficiency limits attempts to formulate policies designed to bring about efficient, effective and equitable delivery of health care services. This article reports the results of a health interview survey conducted in the Wimmera region of Victoria during spring 1984. The results demonstrate not only that patterns of morbidity in rural areas differ from the Australian average, but also that the health status of rural dwellers is worse than that of most Australians. Evidence suggests that while accessibility is not the most significant determinant of utilization of health care services, distance from services does affect propensity to use them.
PREDICTORS OF A SUCCESSFUL LOCAL GOVERNMENT PUBLIC IMMUNISATION PROGRAM IN WESTERN SYDNEY
Authors: Bazeley Patricia 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe public immunisation programs of 14 local government councils in Sydney's Western Region were examined to determine those variables which might predict an effective program.Independent variables included the demographic characteristics of the populations being served, as well as relevant aspects of each council's clinic program and administrative input. The dependent variables were three indices of immunisation reflecting the proportion of the 0–5 population reached by the public immunisation service. One variable, the amount of staff time spent on administration, was best able to explain the variance in public clinic immunisation rates across the local government areas. Components of effective staff time were examined and the results are discussed in relation to the planning and promotion of public immunisation programs.
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE IMMUNISATION SERVICES: A COMPARISON OF COSTS
Authors: Bazeley Patricia 
Published: August 2010

AbstractCost inputs to infant immunisation programs were identified for both the public and private health systems, based on data from the fourteen local government areas which made up the Western Metropolitan Health Region in Sydney. New South Wales. The public health approach is shown to be significantly less costly than private immunisation services. The costs of the latter, however, are largely hidden within the national health bill, while the costs of the former are spread across all three levels of government. Total public sector costs of immunisation could be decreased, but only with increased input at the local government level. Thus, under present distribution and funding arrangements in NSW, covert fostering of the less cost efficient private immunisation services is likely to continue.
INDICATORS OF SOCIAL CLASS ‐ RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRESTIGE OF OCCUPATION AND SUBURB OF RESIDENCE
Authors: Quine Susan , Lancaster Paul A.L. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe difficulty of measuring social class is well known. Two indicators of social class, prestige of occupation and prestige of suburb of residence, are considered here. Australian prestige scales which measure these indicators are discussed. Comparisons between the original scales and the recently updated versions indicate that in the Australian community there is general community agreement on the prestige of occupations and of suburbs which has changed little over two decades. However, there is only a weak association between the prestige of the occupation in which a person is employed and the prestige of the suburb in which that person resides. This raises queries concerning the validity of using prestige of suburb as an indicator of social class, and highlights the fact that when conducting research one indicator of social class cannot simply be substituted for another. The implications for investigation of health‐related issues are discussed.
ACCURACY OF DEATH CERTIFICATES AND MORTALITY STATISTICS IN VICTORIAN TESTIS CANCER DEATHS 1950–1977
Authors: Stone Janey M. , Cruickshank Deborah G. , Sandeman Thomas F. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract426 death certificates relating to testicular cancer in Victoria, from 1950 to 1977, were examined for inaccuracies in cause of death narrative and coding for cause of death statistics. The narrative was inaccurate in major diagnosis in 33 certificates (21 false positives and 12 false negatives) and 17 accurately written certificates were mis‐coded (12 false positives and 5 false negatives). Review of the pathological terms used revealed 10 lymphomas incorrectly ascribed to germ cell malignancy. The term “seminoma” seems to have been employed as a generic term for testis tumour, only 50 per cent of the tumours so designated being confirmed as seminoma. It is concluded that although Victorian figures relating to mortality from testis cancer are reasonably accurate (for 337 cases for which relevant records were available the detection rate was 95%, the confirmation rate 96% and concordance 91%), little reliance can be placed on the recorded pathological sub‐type.
Community Drive Credited In Juvenile Court Bill Victory
Authors: EDSTROM EVE 
Published: August 2010

The entire Juvenile Court, Council, Foundation, Journal and the great body of men and women working with children in trouble throughout the country, congratulate Judge Orman Ketcham of the Washington, D. C. Juvenile Court, in the fine victory won in Congress granting another judge to that court and relieving much of the overload.It was a great effort at Washington and therefore the Journal is printing a series of stories, some from the Washington Post, copy of the bill passed and a speech by Judge Ketcham, all of which comprise the Washington story.
Some Facts About the Sniffing Phenomenon
Authors: Byars George H. 
Published: August 2010

Only within the last several years has validated research been seriously undertaken in this area. The findings of these recent studies, though scientifically meaningful, only relate directly to the laboratory test subjects actually used, which have been mostly dogs, cats, mice, and rats. It appears that these new findings are still only theoretically relevant to the solvent sniffing phenomenon in humans, and further research is called for in order to show these findings to be significant to humans.In this study, I have attempted to compile the most current materials and research data concerning the causes and effects of the inhalation of solvent vapors. I have also attempted to draw a composite picture of the person who inhales, both in terms of his cultural background or lifestyle and his psychological makeup.It would like to emphasize, at this point, that this paper is neither a statistical, nor medically explicit analysis of the current studies in the literature. This paper does, however, borrow heavily from both of those disciplines while presenting the solvent sniffing phenomenon from a sociological and social work perspective.
Policies, Politics and Positions
Authors: Hart Judith 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARY British representation at international conferences is usually a matter of a carefully prepared brief worked out by, and presented by, an interdepartmental team of officials, perhaps headed for the first few days by a Minister who delivers the formal plenary speech. It is possible, however, for a determined Minister to play an active role and to bring ‘the position’ more into line with his policy if he insists on taking part in the preparation of the position papers and is present at the conference in the last week when the line may be modified in the light of the changing situation A ministerial committee for development matters could also improve the process.RESUMEN Políticas, Politíca y PosicionesLa posición británica en las conferencias internacionales es normalmente producto de un documento preparado cuidadosamente por un equipo inter‐departamental de funcionarios, que además la presentan, posiblemente dirigidos durante los primeros días por un Ministro que pronuncia el discurso formal en la sesión plenaria. Sin embargo, para un Ministro decidido es posible desempeñar un papel activo y hacer ‘la posición’ más acorde con su propia politica si insiste en tomar parte en la preparación de los documentos y está además presente en la última semana de la conferencia; donde la linea puede modificarse a la luz de los cambios en la situación. Un Comité Ministerial sobre asuntos del desarrollo también podria mejorar el proceso.RESUME Politiques, affaires publiques et positionsLa participation britannique aux conférences internationales tourne d'habitude autour d'un dossier, soigneusement constitué, et présenté, par une équipe interministérielle. Il arrive,des fois, qu'un ministre assiste à titre de dirigeant aux premiers jours de la conférence, et prononce le discours plénier. Or un ministre vigoureux peut virer “la situation” vers ses propres attitudes en s'associent activement à la rédaction des prises de position et en assistant aux dernières séances, lorsque les tendances actuelles pourraient se modifer en fonction de la nouvelle situation. Une comité ministérielle, pour le développement pourrait également effectuer des a méliorations de procédure.
National Water Management: The Central Planning Impetus
Authors: Vincent Linden 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARY A national water administration must ensure that water is available where it is needed at the least financial and environmental cost: thus planning capability is more important than operational efficiency. The development of the administration is influenced both by the role water plays in a society and the politics of a society, as these determine, respectively, how, and to what extent, central government becomes involved. Integrated planning and management capability appear to develop best as governments become involved in some degree of regional planning and thus create the necessary vertical and horizontal liaisons between state, ministers and local government.RESUME Organisation du Service dex Eaux: l'Impact du Plan CentralUne administration nationale de l'eau doit s'assurer que ce produit existe là ou il est nécessaire, à un coût financier et environnemental minimum : une telle capacité de planification est plus importante qu'une efficacité opérationnelle. Le développement d'une telle administration est influencé à la fois par le rôle que prend l'eau dans une société et dans sa politique, parce que ces deux facteurs déterminent respectivement comment et dans quelle mesure le gouvernement central y est impliqué. La capacité de planification et d'organisation intégrées semble se développer mieux lorsque les gouvernements deviennent dans une certaine mesure, concernés par la planification régionale et donc crée les liaisons verticales et horizontales nécessaires entre l'Etat, les ministres et le gouvernement local.RESUMEN Administración Nacional de las Aguas : el Empuje Planificador CentralUna administración nacional del agua debe asegurar que el agua esté disponible donde se necesita al menor costo financiero y ambiental : así la capacidad de planificación es más importante que la eficiencia operativa. El desarrollo de la administración es influido tanto por el papel del agua en una sociedad como por el proceso político de la sociedad, en tanto éstos determinan respectivamente cómo y en qué medida se ve envuelto el gobierno central. La planificación integrada y la capacidad de gestión parecen desarrollarse mejor cuando los gobiernos se ven envueltos en algun grado de planificación regional y crean por tanto los lazos verticales y horizontales necesarios entre el estado, los ministros y el gobierno local
Planning Techniques: Physical Indicators in Tanzania
Authors: Thomas Ian 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARY Following an introductory discussion of levels of infant mortality in Tanzania, some indices developed in research and planning work with reference to the provision of health facilities in Iringa Region before and after villagization are presented.RESUME Les Techniques de Planification: Les Indicateurs Physiques en TanzanieFaisant suite à une discussion introductoire sur les chiffres de la mortalité infantile en Tanzanie on nous expose quelques indices développés au cours de travaux de recherche et de planification, tout en se référant au pourvoiement des services de santé avant et après la villagisation dans la région d'Iringa.RESUMEN Técnicas de Planificación : Indicadores Físicos en TanzaniaLuego de una discusión introductoria de los niveles de mortalidad infantil en Tanzania se presentan algunos índices desarrollados en el trabajo de investigación y planificación respecto de la provisión de servicios de salud en la Región de Iringa antes y después de la ‘aldeización’.
News, Information and The New International Order
Authors: O'Brien Rita Cruise 
Published: August 2010

Summary In 1976 the circulation and control of information became an issue on the agenda of The New International Order. Steps were taken at the Conference of Non‐Aligned States in Colombo to start a news pool, to be used by member states to try to break their dependence on the major commercial news agencies. The reaction of the Western Press was extremely hostile, conveying in the nature of its criticism just those views of developing countries the new resolutions are trying to remedy.Resume Nouvelles, information et le Nouvel Ordre InternationalEn 1976 la question de la diffusion et du contrôle des informations fut portée à l'ordre du jour du Nouvel Ordre International. Lors de la conférence des états non‐alignés à Colombo, des mesures furent prises pour créer une cooperative d'informations à l'usage des états membres afin qu'ils essaient de gagner leur indépendance vis‐à‐vis des grandes agences de presse commerciales. La réaction de la presse occidentale fut extrêmement hostile, et la nature de ses critiques reflétait exactement l'image des pays du Tiers Monde que les résolutions tentaient de modifier.Resumen Noticias, Información y el Nuevo Orden InternacionalEn 1976, la circulación y el control de la información constituyeron uno de los puntos del programa del Nuevo Orden Internacional. En la Conferencia de Países No Alineados de Colombo, se tomaron medidas para iniciar una cooperativa de noticias, que utilizarían los estados miembros para tratar de romper su dependencia en las principales agencias de noticias comerciales.La reacción de la prensa occidental fue extremadamente hostil, dejando ver en el carácter de su crítica justamente los criterios sobre los países en vías de desarrollo que las nuevas resoluciones tratan de remediar.
The Economist's Dilemma—The Relevance of Development Economics to Public Administration
Authors: Edmonds L. S. 
Published: August 2010

Summary There is general disillusionment amongst academics concerned with development studies with the results of two decades of sustained attempts to stimulate economic development and economic planning in the developing countries. In recent literature this has been blamed partly on weaknesses in the theory of development economics and the irrelevance of much of economic theory as produced by rich countries, and partly on the failure of economists and planners to understand fully the political and social realities of the poor countries. This mood of pessimism is compared with the perceptions of generalist administrators from the developing countries participating in courses in public administration in the University of Manchester, and their understanding of the currently fashionable policies of self‐reliance and a search for indigenous solutions.Resume Le dilemme de l'économiste: L'utilité de l'économique de développement pour l'administration publiqueIl y a un désenchantement général chez les universitaires spécialisés dans les études sur le développement devant les résultats obtenus au cours de deux décennies d'efforts soutenus pour stimuler le développement économique et la planification de l'économie dans les pays en voie de développement. Selon les ouvrages récemment publiés, la faute en incombe en partie aux faiblesses de la théorie de l'économique de développement et au manque de réalisme d'une grande partie de la théorie économique originaire des pays riches, et en partie aux économistes et planificateurs qui n'ont pas su comprendre les réalités politiques et sociales des pays pauvres. L'auteur compare cette humeur pessimiste avec les façons de voir des administrateurs généralistes des pays en vole de développement participant à des stages sur l'administration publique à l'Université de Manchester, et à leur compréhension des politiques actuellement à la mode d'auto‐suffisance et de recherches de solutions indigènes.Resumen El dilema del economista: La pertinencia de los estudios económicos sobre el desarrollo para la Administración PublicaExiste una desilusión general entre los académicos interesados en los estudios sobre el desarrollo hacia los resultados de dos decenios de tentativas persistentes para estimular el desarrollo económico y la planificación económica en los países en vías de desarrollo. En textos recientes, se ha acusado en parte de esto a las deficiencias de la teoría sobre economía del desarrollo y la incongruencia de bastante de lo que se considere teoría económica, según se ha producido en los países ricos, y en parte al fracaso de los economistas y planificadores en comprender completamente las realidades políticas y sociales de los países pobres. Este pesimismo se compara con las percepciones de administradores generalistas de los países en vías de desarrollo que participan en cursos de administración pública en la universidad de Manchester y su comprensión de las políticas actualmente de moda de autosuficiencia y una búsqueda de las soluciones indígenas.
The Politics of Planning: The Third Malaysia Plan
Authors: Craig James A. 
Published: August 2010

Summary The Third Malaysia Plan is a statement of the political developments within the Malaysian polity, and provides great insight into the main debates and power configurations within the coalition government. The article examines the Plan in its political context and analyses four broad areas of political controversy: the New Economic Policy; poverty eradication; racial economic balance; education. These politically controversial areas of policy help one understand how coalition politics operate in Malaysia and the bargains that must be negotiated if the political system is to be maintained.Resume La politique de la planification: le troisième plan malaysienLe troisième plan malaysien est l'expression des évolutions politiques dans l'administration malaysienne et il fournit des aperçus sur les principaux débats et les structures de pouvoir à l'intérieur du gouvernement de coalition. Cet article examine le plan dans son contexte politique et analyse quatre grands sujets de controverse politique : la nouvelle politique économique; la lutte contre la pauvreté; l'équilibre économique entre les races; l'éducation. Ces domaines de la controverse politique aident à comprendre comment fonctionnent les politiques de coalition en Malaysie et les négociations qui doivent avoir lieu si l'on veut maintenir ce système politique.Resumen La política de la planificación: El Tercer Plan de MalasiaEl Tercer Plan de Malasia es una declaración de los desarrollos políticos dentro de la administración de Malasia y ofrece mayor penetración en los debates principales y las configuraciones de poder dentro de la coalición gubernamental. En el artículo se examina el plan en su contexto político y se analizan las cuatro zonas amplías de controversia política: la nueva política económica; la erradicación de la pobreza; el equilibrio económico racial; la educación. Estas zonas de política que suscitan controversia, desde el punto de vista político, nos ayudan a comprender la manera en que la política de la coalición opera en Malasia y los compromisos que deben negociarse para que se mantenga el sistema político.