bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indicators of audit fees and fraud classification: impact of SOX
Authors: Lenard Mary Jane , Petruska Karin A. , Alam Pervaiz , Yu Bing 
Published: May 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to compare the effect of corporate governance variables and fraud litigation on audit fees both before and after the implementation of the Sarbanes‐Oxley (SOX) Act in 2002.Design/methodology/approachThe paper utilizes a sample of firms that had litigation proceedings filed against them for fraudulent financial reporting, and compare these firms to a sample of non‐fraud firms in the pre‐and post‐SOX period. First, the authors examine indicators of audit fees using the Simunic model. Next, the authors develop a logistic regression model with corporate governance variables and other financial control variables in order to identify the characteristics of firms that are accused of fraud in the pre‐and post‐SOX period.FindingsThe paper identifies specific components of corporate governance that are positively related to audit fees and which subsequently aid in classifying companies subject to fraud litigation. The most successful logistic regression model for 2005 (post‐SOX) is 64.4 per cent accurate in distinguishing firms litigated for fraud, while the most successful model for 2001 (pre‐SOX) is 61.4 per cent accurate in distinguishing such firms.Originality/valueThe research design and findings assist in providing additional evidence about the association between the effectiveness of the corporate governance structure and the external auditor in assessing the risk of fraud.
Modeling quality commitment in service organizations: an empirical study
Authors: Demirbag Mehmet , Sahadev Sunil , Kaynak Erdener , Akgul Aziz 
Published: May 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to attempt to model the antecedents and consequences of quality commitment among employees in a service organization.Design/methodology/approachThe conceptual model based on extant literature on quality commitment is validated through a study among employees in a consultancy organization in Turkey involved in servicing SMEs.FindingsThe conceptual model finds reasonable support through the study. All the proposed antecedents and consequences are found to be linked positively as per the propositions.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is based on a single organization, which could impact the generalizability of the results. Further two of the constructs are measured using two item scales, affecting the scale validity.Originality/valueThis paper introduces a model of quality commitment, which focuses on the outcomes of quality commitment, and validates it in the context of a service organization.
The lodging quality index: an independent assessment of validity and dimensions
Authors: Ladhari Riadh 
Published: May 2012

PurposeThe purposes of this study are: to examine the reliability and validity of the lodging quality index (LQI); and to assess the relative importance of the five dimensions of the LQI in the Canadian hotel context. The LQI was developed by Getty and Getty and published in 2003 in the International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.Design/methodology/approachData are collected from 200 Canadian respondents who had stayed in a hotel in Canada within the preceding three months. Data are examined using confirmatory factor analysis and regression analysis.FindingsThe findings support the reliability and the validity of the LQI's structure of five dimensions. The scale is shown to be a reliable instrument for measuring overall service quality and for predicting the satisfaction and behavioral intentions of hotel guests. In terms of the importance of the five dimensions, the study finds that “tangibility” and “communication” are the most important.Originality/valueThis is the first independent assessment of the reliability and validity of the LQI scale. The research provides valuable insights for hotel managers in Canada. Hoteliers should focus their efforts on the provision of good service quality on “tangibility” and “communication”.
Programming quality of festivals: conceptualization, measurement, and relation to consequences
Authors: Yan Qi , Zhang Hanqin , Li Mimi 
Published: May 2012

PurposeProgramming of festivals is more and more becoming a source from which the competitive advantages of the festivals may originate. This study aims to conceptualize the dimensionality of programming quality of festivals and empirically test it and its relationships with the satisfaction and behavioral intention levels of festival visitors.Design/methodology/approachStructured interviews were conducted with 350 visitors to a cultural festival. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was utilized in the data analysis.FindingsThe programming quality of festivals was found to consist of six dimensions, namely diversity, stakeholder balance, incrementality, simultaneity, flexibility and linkage. Meanwhile, the positive effects of festival programming quality on the satisfaction and behavioral intention levels of festival visitors are confirmed.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is limited for possible inexhaustiveness of the dimensions proposed and examined. Future research is needed to make the current measurement more rigorous, succinct and comprehensive.Practical implicationsThis study can offer some valuable insights for festival planners and organizers to better design, operate and manage their festival to such an extent that the experiences of festival visitors are maximized, visitor satisfactions are enhanced, and re‐visits to future festivals facilitated.Originality/valueThis study makes its contribution to better understanding of festival programming quality, where artistic, emotional and technological aspects are integrated. This study aims to delineate the entirety of programming quality of festivals and its relationships to the satisfaction and behavioral intention levels of festival visitors.
Revenue management: resolving a revenue optimization paradox
Authors: Tse Tony S.M. , Tung Poon Yiu 
Published: May 2012

PurposeThe objectives of this study are to investigate the relationship between hotel room demand and room rates, and to find a viable solution for the optimal room rate that maximizes the total profit.Design/methodology/approachThere are various studies in the literature on how room rates affect profitability, and how the optimal room rate that maximizes the total revenue can be determined. Most of these studies assume an algebraic relationship between room rates and room demand, and obtain the optimal solution by applying calculus to the revenue or profit function. This study adopts the alternative approach of using a model with a demand function that has been shown to be a superior causal forecasting model in some markets, and develops a new method to optimize the total profit.FindingsThe traditional method of applying calculus to the profit function based on a causal forecasting model leads to unrealistic solutions. This gives rise to the paradox that, on the one hand, there is a superior causal forecasting model based on room rates, but on the other hand, the traditional method does not yield a realistic solution for room rate optimization. This study analyzes the underlying causes of this paradox and proposes a method to resolve it.Practical implicationsThe findings can be used by hotels to fine‐tune the room rates determined by conventional methods to arrive at a realistic and definitive value for the optimal room rate.Originality/valueThis study highlights the problems that arise with the traditional method of applying calculus to revenue and profit optimization and proposes a new method to resolve it.
Knowledge sharing in dynamic labour environments: insights from Australia
Authors: Chalkiti Kalotina 
Published: May 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to understand how knowledge sharing takes place in the dynamic labour environment of Darwin's hospitality industry in the Northern Territory of Australia.Design/methodology/approachThree hotels, part of the same hotel chain, were used as a case study. Data were acquired through 76 semi‐structured interviews and validated through two focus groups over an eight‐month period.FindingsThe research revealed that organisational and individual factors supported knowledge sharing in the dynamic labour environment of Darwin's hospitality industry. Noteworthy were the participant's attitudes to knowledge sharing as well as the role of social interactions and social networks as they enabled peers to familiarise with one another both professionally and non‐professionally. The product of this familiarity was people knowledge that enabled their adaptation to multiple levels (place, industry, hotels, and peers) and in turn helped them to share knowledge with peers irrespective of labour instability.Research limitations/implicationsThe research focused only on one aspect of knowledge management (knowledge sharing) and the front office departments of three hotels located in Darwin, Northern Territory of Australia.Practical implicationsThe research provides a knowledge sharing strategy that could help practitioners nurture knowledge sharing in environments of high turnover.Originality/valueThe research contributes to the scant literature available on knowledge sharing strategies in environments of high turnover.
Is the pub still the hub?
Authors: Andrews David , Turner Simon 
Published: May 2012

PurposeThe aim of this study is to present an overview of the factors contributing to the difficulties faced by the public house (pub) sector when analysing the general decline in the number of pubs in the UK seen over recent years.Design/methodology/approachDue to the nature of the study secondary rather than primary research methods were adopted, although further opportunities to undertake primary research are identified towards the end of the article.FindingsA review of contemporary literature and key industry data has been used to present findings that evaluate the role traditionally played by public houses within society; to examine the changing structure of the pub retailing sector; and to analyse a range of key internal and external factors that have and are contributing to the decline seen in certain elements of the sector, as evidenced in the number of business closures.Research limitations/implicationsUse of both academic and industry‐focussed research articles present a timely and accurate picture of the true situation and general feeling within the sector while suggesting where future research may be undertaken.Practical implicationsThe paper offers a number of practical business improvement recommendations that could be taken forward by the sector.Originality/valueIn acknowledging that each pub business is unique due to its form of ownership and the people employed within it, a strategy for survival is outlined for struggling businesses to adopt in order to not only survive in a very difficult trading environment, but also to re‐establish themselves as a central feature of the communities in which they are located.
Different or alike?
Authors: Lub Xander , Nije Bijvank Marije , Matthijs Bal P. , Blomme Rob , Schalk René 
Published: May 2012

PurposeThis study aims to explore generational differences in the psychological contract of hospitality employees and work outcomes such as commitment and turnover intention.Design/methodology/approachData were collected in 20 hotels (n=359) from a four‐star hotel chain in The Netherlands using a self‐administered questionnaire. Data were analysed using MANOVA andpost‐hocanalysis.FindingsFindings suggest that opportunities for development and challenge, variation and responsibility are more important to younger generations of hospitality workers. Generation X placed high value on work‐life balance, autonomy and job security. No differences were found for work atmosphere, salary and task description. Significantly lower commitment and higher turnover intention was also found for Generation Y.Practical implicationsThe findings provide insight into generational differences in expectations that hospitality workers have of their employers. This helps managers in developing management styles as well as human resource policy to better address these expectations.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first to explore the psychological contract in a hospitality context and contributes empirical evidence to the body of knowledge on generational differences.
Financial characteristics and outperformance
Authors: Hua Nan , “Khal” Nusair Khaldoon , Upneja Arun 
Published: May 2012

PurposeThe paper aims to provide empirical evidence that certain financial characteristics are critical for lodging firms to earn a higher profit. Further, it proposes, perhaps more importantly, a robust empirical framework for identifying outperformance in profitability, which has been barely studied in the lodging industry.Design/methodology/approachThe paper employed logit models, under the framework of comparative advantage theory, to explore the relationships between firm financial characteristics and outperformance from a financial perspective.FindingsThis study, for the first time, provides systematic empirical evidence on how to identify lodging firms that outperform their competitors over time. From a practical standpoint, owners and managers should use industry medians to benchmark financial performance, focusing on factors such as leverage, book to market, asset turnover, and firm size to ensure financial performance leadership among lodging firms. Moreover, echoing previous research, a franchise appears to help differentiate an outperforming firm from its competitors in a positive way.Research limitations/implicationsBecause of the chosen research framework, the study results need to be interpreted with caution. Specific suggestions appear in the section of limitations and future research.Practical implicationsThe paper includes implications of general guidelines to identify financial characteristics that differentiate outperforming firms from their competitors as well as some specific action plans for investors, practitioners, and researchers to consider.Originality/valueThis paper is the first one that provides systematic empirical evidence on how to identify lodging firms that outperform their competitors over time, thus shedding lights on what financial characteristics lodging firms should keep a close eye on for a better future.
Comparative analyses of hotel REITs: examining risk‐return and performance characteristics
Authors: Kim Jinhoo , Jang SooCheong (Shawn) 
Published: May 2012

PurposeThis study aims to compare the risk‐return characteristics and performance of real estate investment trust (REIT) hotel companies (hotel REITs hereafter) with those of C‐corporation hotel companies (hotel C‐corps hereafter).Design/methodology/approachThe risk‐return characteristics and performance of hotel REITs and C‐corps were examined by estimating single‐factor and Fama‐French three‐factor asset pricing models for each portfolio. Differences between the hotel REIT and C‐corp estimations were tested using Wald test statistics.FindingsLittle evidence was found that hotel REITs have significantly different risk‐return characteristics and performance than hotel C‐corps, which suggests that hotel REITs and C‐corps are not significantly different in terms of market risk‐return characteristics and performance. The market portfolio had a significantly positive effect on the returns of both hotel REITs and C‐corps. The size and book‐to‐market factors of common stock also had a significant explanatory power for the returns of hotel REITs and C‐corps. Both hotel REITs and C‐corps performed similarly to the market portfolio, on a risk‐adjusted basis, during the 2000s.Research limitations/implicationsDespite the fact that the three‐factor asset pricing model explains a significantly greater proportion of the variation in the hotel firms' returns than the single‐factor asset pricing model, approximately 30 percent of the total variation still remains unexplained.Practical implicationsThe risk‐return characteristics and performance of hotel REITs and C‐corps revealed by this study will render hotel investors' decisions between the two organizational structures less complicated. In addition, the findings can be used by portfolio managers to construct a well‐diversified portfolio.Originality/valueA multifactor asset pricing model was used for the first time in this article to examine the risk‐return characteristics and performance of hotel companies. In addition, the importance of understanding differences between REIT and C‐corp structures in the lodging industry is emphasized.
Incentives for fixed asset revaluations: the UK evidence
Authors: Emmanuel Iatridis George , Kilirgiotis George 
Published: May 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the incentives for fixed asset revaluation. The motives that are investigated include firm size, fixed asset intensity, firm foreign operations and acquisitions, firm indebtedness and earnings management inclination.Design/methodologyThe study utilises logistic and linear regressions to test the hypothetical relations set up in the study. The categorisation of sample companies into those that perform asset revaluations and those that do not is based on the examination of firms’ annual reports.FindingsThe findings of the study provide evidence that firm size is positively related to fixed asset revaluation. Firms with foreign operations, with low fixed assets, and with high debt capital needs are more likely to perform fixed asset revaluations. This is also the case for firms that carry out acquisitions. The study also shows that fixed asset revaluation is negatively related to earnings management.Research limitations/implicationsFirms that revalue their fixed assets should examine the signals that are likely to be conveyed to investors about their managerial ability and financial prospects. Firms would tend to revalue their fixed assets when it is likely to result in maximum favourable financial consequences. Future research should investigate the possible opportunism in firms’ behaviour, as well as the stock market reaction to fixed asset revaluations.Originality/valueThe paper is useful for investors and financial analysts, as it sheds light on the motives for fixed asset revaluations. The reporting of asset values based on fair values would assist them in making unbiased predictions about firms’ future performance. The paper gives insight about the financial attributes of firms that perform fixed asset revaluations. For example, firms with capital needs would be inclined to undertake a fixed asset revaluation in order to reinforce their financial position.
Corporate social and environmental disclosure by Indonesian listed companies on their corporate web sites
Authors: Gery Djajadikerta Hadrian , Trireksani Terri 
Published: May 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to measure the extent of corporate social and environmental disclosure (CSED) made by Indonesian listed companies in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) on their corporate web sites, and to investigate the relationship between the company’s environmental sensitivity and the extent of the corporate social and environmental web site disclosure.Design/methodology/approachThe corporate social and environmental web site disclosure examination in this study was conducted at the company level, with the target sample of Indonesian listed companies that provided their profiles on the IDX web site. The sample consisted of both sensitive and non‐sensitive companies. Content analysis was used to analyse the data.FindingsThe results of this study suggest that the extent of CSED made by Indonesian listed companies on their corporate web sites is low and the nature of disclosure is mostly descriptive, without any specific time frame. The most disclosed information is “community”, followed by “human resources”. It is found that there is no significant difference between the extent of CSED in both sensitive and non‐sensitive industries. Overall, the results indicate that the practice of CSED in Indonesia is still at an early stage. It seems that most of the companies in this study still have a lack of understanding about CSED, and the main reason for their disclosure is to gain societal recognition of the adequacy of their social behavior.Originality/valueIn the lack of studies which explore the practice of CSED within the developing country context, and in media other than annual reports, this paper provides some insight about the practice of CSED made by Indonesian listed companies on their corporate web sites.
Auditor acceptance of dysfunctional behaviour
Authors: Paino Halil , Smith Malcolm , Ismail Zubaidah 
Published: May 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate individual or personal factors contributing to individual auditor differences in acceptance of dysfunctional audit behaviour (DAB). Dysfunctional behaviour and staff turnover are associated with decreased audit quality, and is characterised as premature sign‐off, gathering of insufficient evidence, accepting of weak client explanation, altering or replacing the audit procedures, and under‐reporting of time, and have negative effects on the auditing profession. In this study the organizational behaviour and industrial psychology literatures provide the basis for the development and testing of an individual factors’ model of DAB.Design/methodology/approachUsing path analysis for direct and indirect effects, survey results from registered Audit Managers are used to provide support for an explanatory model.FindingsOverall, results indicate that auditors who are more accepting of dysfunctional behaviour tend to possess an external locus of control and exhibit higher turnover intentions.Originality/valueThese results suggest that individual factors play a role in identifying those who are more accepting of dysfunctional behaviour. The results can be useful in the operational and management control mechanism of human and social developments relating to dysfunctional behaviour issues.
Accounting data and UK dividends
Authors: Atieh Abdallah , Hussain Simon 
Published: May 2012

PurposeAccruals data reflect managers’ judgements and estimates. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether they provide users of accounts with additional insight into a firm's dividends beyond that conveyed by cash flows alone.Design/methodology/approachThe authors employ regression analysis to examine the relative ability of earnings, cash flows and accruals to explain dividends.FindingsIt is found that both cash flows and accruals (earnings) possess significant explanatory power for dividends indicating that, on average, UK financial statements provide users with improved insight beyond that conveyed by cash flows alone.Research limitations/implicationsThese results demonstrate the importance of accruals data for users of accounts. However, if accruals are manipulated for opportunistic purposes then their usefulness will likely be compromised and users of accounts will loose out. The study focuses on non‐financial, UK dividend‐paying firms only.Practical implicationsThese results provide direct evidence that UK financial statement data has significant explanatory power for dividend‐paying activity, which may be viewed as good news. However, this paper reiterates the need for those who prepare and audit accounts to ensure that accruals truly reflect a firm's financial situation and are not being “managed” to artificially boost reported earnings. Short‐term accruals are an obvious focus for such activities.Originality/valueThe paper reports the first direct test of the link between disaggregated earnings components and UK dividends.