bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enabling a motivated workforce: exploring the sources of motivation
Authors: Ankli Robert E. , Palliam Ralph 
Published: February 2012

PurposeThis paper recognizes self determination theory (SDT) as a model to successfully motivate an organization's workforce and recommends SDT as a more encompassing theory of motivation. Consequently, motivation assumes a different dimension and it therefore becomes necessary to consider issues associated with autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, and motivation as a predictor of performance. This paper aims to address this issue.Design/methodology/approachThe paper initially identifies the underlying assumptions of motivation that include: people having the capacity for responsible actions, a natural aspiration to learning and understanding things, and the desire to do good at work and play. The paper then proceeds to addresses several basic issues associated with SDT, namely, cognitive, affective and psycho‐motor development. Finally, it considers perception of the self, one's psychological and emotional needs, life goals and aspirations, individual dynamism, culture and the impact of social environments as key issues that determine one's ability to self‐actualize.FindingsThe study shows SDT's relevance to discussions in organizational behavior. The findings suggest that extrinsic motivation can be deleterious to intrinsic motivation. Work‐related happiness is acquired when individuals use their personality as a motivation determinant to fulfill a mission that is meaningful to themselves too. Individuals are most resourceful and innovative when they feel motivated largely as a result of their interest, their inner satisfaction, and challenges of the work itself and not by external pressures or incentives.Practical implicationsIn this regard it is recommended that human resources professionals and/or managers need to consider issues associated with autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, and motivation as a predictor of performance. Different attitudinal relationships towards work‐play necessitate distinct types of motivation. Should work and play become homogeneous, the defining role of human resources management in relation to motivation needs revisiting in particular SDTOriginality/valueThis paper adds to the academic literature on motivation in a somewhat different vein by presenting autonomy, competence, and relatedness in SDT as vitally essential for psychological growth, optimal functioning, and well‐being in any fields of endeavor. The study identifies extrinsic rewards as undermining intrinsic motivation in most circumstances.
Logoleadership: breathing life into loyalty and putting meaning back into work
Authors: Mayfield Milton , Mayfield Jacqueline 
Published: February 2012

PurposeThis paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting‐edge research and case studies.Design/methodology/approachThis briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.FindingsThere is an obvious, costly, and disheartening trend towards employee unhappiness at work. Popular culture abounds with symptoms.The Office,Bad Bosses, andReggie Perrintelevision series make humor of this organizational malaise, which sadly spills into other life facets such as family, friends, and health. In response, there are plenty of quick fix solutions offered – such as superficial self‐help management books, motivational seminars, and organizational initiatives such as slogans, posters, and tee‐shirts. These efforts are for naught when one considers the 2000 Hudson Institute Study finding that a mere 42 percent of employees perceive their organizations as deserving their loyalty. Corroborating research has revealed continued low commitment and employee trust in recent years, with a 2011 MetLife survey showing that only 44 percent of small business employees felt company loyalty.Practical implicationsThis paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world's leading organizations.Originality/valueThe briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy‐to digest format.
Getting the most out of social learning: utilizing social media in the workplace
Authors: Sparta Paul 
Published: February 2012

PurposeThis paper aims to reviews the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting‐edge research and case studies.Design/methodology/approachThis briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.FindingsThe concept of social learning is not new. We have been applying it since the playground. What is new, however, is how pervasive it is about to become, thanks to the convergence of social media with advances in learning technologies, and their adoption by individuals and large enterprises alike.Practical implicationsThe paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world's leading organizations.Originality/valueThe briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy‐to digest format.
Blended learning in higher education (HE): conceptualising key strategic issues within a business school
Authors: Fearon Colm , Starr Simon , McLaughlin Heather 
Published: February 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to create a conceptual analysis of key strategic issues for developing blended learning within a university or higher education (HE) setting.Design/methodology/approachThe paper identifies key issues based on focus group analysis with students and reflections from staff. A conceptual grid framework was used to develop insight into blended learning and to enable a pragmatic approach for strategy making.FindingsA discussion of key issues for strategic analysis is presented. Traditional lectures are not as popular as more interactive seminars. “Pure” e‐learning in terms of computer‐based training is not as desirable as a blended learning approach because face‐to‐face interaction between students and staff is not present. Blended learning is useful as a supplementary resource for students and a way of improving collaboration and group work. It takes time to develop a blended learning strategy and care must be taken to balance stakeholder needs as well as preserve the wider HE student experience.Practical implicationsFindings are not generalizable because the approach adopted is qualitative and conceptual in nature, yet useful insights are provided into key issues regarding blended learning within a HE setting. The conceptual analysis approach used in this paper is useful for practitioners in the organizational development of blended learning.Originality/valueThere is a paucity of useful qualitative research regarding the analysis of blended learning for strategy makers and this paper examines some key issues for analysis and organizational development.
Epidemiological profile of an urban immigrant population
Authors: Halberstein Robert 
Published: February 2012

PurposeThe health status and medical care of migrant populations is an increasingly important topic in light of the recent emergence of a number of global epidemics. This paper aims to investigate the prevalence of diseases, injuries, and other health problems in the Caribbean‐American population of Miami, Florida.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 290 Caribbean‐born permanent adult residents of Miami, representing 17 different Caribbean countries of origin, was interviewed at three health clinics regarding current health problems and treatments. Demographic data were also collected.FindingsIn total, 38 percent of the respondents indicated past or current health problems requiring professional medical care, while an additional 7 percent engaged in self‐care. The 62 different reported conditions ranged from lung cancer to ulcers, kidney stones, clinical depression, scoliosis, and diverticulitis. The most frequently stated disorders were hypertension, asthma, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and arthritis. Anti‐hypertensives, cardiac modifiers, and analgesics accounted for the majority of the 26 reported prescription medications. A smaller number indicated the usage of chemotherapy, insulin, allergy medicines, and other individualized prescriptions. A total of 62.5 percent of the respondents employed traditional medicinal plants for preventive and therapeutic care or to supplement biomedicines in the treatment of culture‐bound syndromes.Research limitations/implicationsThe epidemiological profile of this sample suggests a positive correlation between genetically‐influenced degenerative disorders and urbanization.Originality/valueThis research reveals the health profile of a previously unstudied population and hopefully will guide future treatment plans for this and similar communities.
Exploring migrants' health seeking strategies: the case of Latin American migrants in London
Authors: Gideon Jasmine 
Published: February 2012

PurposeThe objective of this paper is to examine the health seeking strategies of Latin American migrants in London.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on a small case study analysis conducted with Latin American migrants in London and relevant stakeholders.FindingsThe paper highlights that even where Latin American migrants do have entitlements to use the NHS, a series of informal barriers limits their access. As a consequence many employ a range of transnational health‐seeking strategies in order to seek resolution to their health problems. These findings repeat those identified in other studies and point to the need to gain a better understanding of migrant's exclusion and marginalisation in relation to formal health care providers. At the same time, the findings point to the lack of long‐term resolution many migrants experience in relation to their health care needs, raising important questions about health inequalities.Research limitations/implicationsLatin Americans represent a hugely diverse and heterogeneous group of migrants who have differing values and belief systems in relation to health care. A more detailed study is necessary in order to fully understand their health seeking behaviour in a UK context.Originality/valueLatin Americans represent a “new migrant” population in the UK and are considerably under‐researched compared to more established migrant communities. At the same time they are an unrecognised group and are therefore excluded from many policy debates. This paper seeks to address this lack of knowledge.
Macro‐social marketing and social engineering: a systems approach
Authors: Kennedy Ann‐Marie , Parsons Andrew 
Published: February 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to show how macro‐social marketing and social engineering can be integrated and to illustrate their use by governments as part of a positive social engineering intervention with examples from the Canadian anti‐smoking campaign.Design/methodology/approachThis is a conceptual paper that uses the case of the Canadian anti‐smoking campaign to show that macro‐social marketing, as part of a wider systems approach, is a positive social engineering intervention.FindingsThe use of macro‐social marketing by governments is most effective when it is coupled with other interventions such as regulations, legislation, taxation, community mobilization, research, funding and education. When a government takes a systems approach to societal change, such as with the Canadian anti‐smoking campaign, this is positive use of social engineering.Research limitations/implicationsThe social marketer can understand their role within the system and appreciate that they are potentially part of precipitating circumstances that make society susceptible to change. Social marketers further have a role in creating societal motivation to change, as well as promoting social flexibility, creating desirable images of change, attitudinal change and developing individual's skills, which contribute to macro‐level change.Practical implicationsSocial marketers need to understand the structural and environmental factors contributing to the problem behavior and focus on the implementers and controllers of society‐wide strategic interventions.Social implicationsEliminating all factors which enable problem behaviors creates an environmental context where it is easy for consumers to change behavior and maintain that change.Originality/valueThe value of this paper is in extending the literature on macro‐social marketing by governments and identifying the broader strategy they may be undertaking using positive social engineering. It is also in showing how marketers may use this information.
Influencing positive financial behaviors: the social marketing solution
Authors: Lee Nancy R. , Miller Margaret 
Published: February 2012

PurposeInfluencing positive financial behaviors is the natural next frontier for social marketers to “get serious about”, as there are clear behaviors that, once adopted by target populations, will improve the quality of life for individuals as well as society. The purpose of this paper is to describe a study conducted on behalf of the Consultive Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP), an independent policy and research center dedicated to advancing financial access for the world's poor.Design/methodology/approachThe seven best practices presented in this paper are based on original research undertaken in 2009‐2010 which examined more than 100 cases around the world where a social marketing approach was used to influence a financial behavior.FindingsRelevant behaviors identified, including those related to establishing a bank account, increasing savings, using credit wisely, avoiding over indebtedness, applying for micro finance loans, adopting new technologies, reducing chances of fraud, choosing the right insurance, reporting abuse, and shopping around and comparing offers. Potential target audiences were broad, ranging from sex workers in India, to farmers in “self‐help” groups in Kenya, to girls aged 10‐18 in Mongolia, to the homeless in San Francisco, to households on tea estates in India.Originality/valueThe paper describes seven best practices essential for success when applying social marketing principles and techniques to influence desired financial behaviors. For each practice, case examples are then presented, ones that demonstrate the successful application of the highlighted best practice to influence a specific financial behavior. In total, ten cases have been chosen to provide a range of countries, behaviors, target audiences, and strategies.
Diversity assessment of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in Banco National Park (Banco Stream, Côte d'Ivoire)
Authors: Camara Idrissa Adama , Diomande Dramane , Bony Yves Kotchi , Ouattara Allassane , Franquet Evelyne , Gourene Germain 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn the present study, a first inventory of benthic macroinvertebrates in the Banco Stream, Côte d'Ivoire, and the correlations between environmental variables and taxonomic richness were analysed. Seven stations were sampled monthly over a 1‐year period, using a hand net (10 × 10 cm, 250 μm mesh, 50 cm length). One hundred and thirty‐two macroinvertebrate taxa were recorded. These taxa were distributed among 74 families and 15 orders belonging to Insecta (118 taxa; 89% of total richness), Oligochaeta (seven taxa), Crustacea (five taxa) and Mollusca (two taxa). Kruskal–Wallis test revealed significant difference (at least P < 0.05) in macroinvertebrate richness between upstream stations (S1 and S2) and stations S4, S5 and S6. Chironominae and Tanypodinae (Insecta) were the two very frequent taxa in all the stations. Lumbriculidae (Oligochaeta), Desmocaris trispinosa (Crustacea) and Eurymetra sp. (Insecta) were frequently found in the samples. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed three groups of sampling stations according to taxonomic similarity. Taxonomic richness was significantly and negatively correlated with conductivity, while it was significantly and positively correlated with substrate types (woody debris and gravel). Due to the fact that Banco stream is the locality type of an endemic shrimp species (Macrobrachium thysi), this basin is of high conservation priority.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal soil infectivity and spores distribution across plantations of tropical, subtropical and exotic tree species: a case study from the forest reserve of Bandia, Senegal
Authors: Sene Godar , Thiao Mansour , Manga Anicet , Kane Aboubacry , Samba‐Mbaye Ramatoulaye , Mbaye Mame Samba , Khasa Damase , Sylla Samba Ndao 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSeveral fast‐growing and multipurpose trees such as exotic and valuable native species have been widely used in West Africa to reverse the tendency of massive degradation of plant cover and restore soil productivity. Although benefic effects have been reported on soil stabilization, a lack of information about their impact on soil symbiotic microorganisms still remains. This investigation has been carried out in field trees of 28 years old in a forest reserve at Bandia. To determine the mycorrhizal inoculum potential (MIP) of soils, a mycorrhizal bioassay was conducted using seedlings of Zea mays L. Spores concentration, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi morphotypes and mycorrhizal colonization of field plants were examined. Results showed that fungal communities were dominated in all samples by the genus Glomus. Nevertheless, the others genera Gigaspora and Scutellospora occurred preferentially out of the plantations. The number and richness of spores as well as the MIP of soils were decreased in the tree plantations. Accordingly, the amount of annual herbaceous plants kept out of the tree plantations was much greater than those under the tree plantations. The colonization was higher in field root systems of herb plants in comparison with that of the tree plants. Comparisons allowed us to conclude that vegetation type modifies the AM fungal communities, and the results suggest further adoption of management practices that could improve or sustain the development of herbaceous layers and thus promote the AM fungal communities.
Ecological and human impacts on stand density and distribution of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) in Senegal
Authors: Bourou Sali , Bowe Colm , Diouf Macoumba , Van Damme Patrick 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIndigenous fruit tree species such as tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) in African sub‐Saharan traditionally act to build resilience into the farming system in terms of food security, income generation and ecosystem stability. Therefore, increasing our knowledge on their ecology and distribution is a priority. Tamarind is mainly grown for the fruits but is also a valuable timber species. The fruit pulp has a high content of vitamin B and is eaten fresh or made into jam, chutney, juice or sweets. Flowers, leaves and seeds are also edible and used in a variety of dishes. The main objective of this study is to evaluate actual density of tamarind in Senegal and the climate change effects on its distribution for better conservation strategies. Tamarind's distribution and density around villages were recorded and modelled in different agro‐ecological zones in Senegal using transect method and under current and future climates. Distribution under two future climate scenarios were modelled using four climate models and three time slices (2020, 2050 and 2080). Results show a decreasing gradient in tree density (from 7 to 1 trees km−2) from the Sudano agro‐ecological zone (in the south) to the Sahel (in the north). Future climate predictions show that although tamarind distribution will increase in the north‐west and south of the country in 2020; by 2050, the area identified as suitable for its growth will be greatly reduced. Areas in the north‐west basin appear to be an important refugia for the species under future climate conditions. However, density around villages in this area was found to be relatively low indicating that this could lead to problems of poor connectivity and inbreeding depression. This region should therefore be highlighted as important conservative management and protection strategies of tamarind in this region.
Early Cleaved Bovine Embryos Show Reduced Incidence of Chromosomal Aberrations and Higher Developmental Potential on Day 4.5 Post‐Insemination
Authors: Pers‐Kamczyc E , Pawlak P , Rubes J , Lechniak D 
Published: February 2012

ContentsThe present study aimed to investigate whether the timing of the first zygotic cleavage (FZC) influences the speed of embryo development expressed by the total cell count and the rate of chromosomally aberrant embryos. Bovine embryos were produced in vitro and divided into two categories according to the timing of FZC: early cleavers (at 30 hpi; EC) and non‐early cleavers (at 48 hpi; NEC). On day 4.5 pi, embryos were grouped into three classes depending on the number of blastomeres: delayed (<8 BL), normal (8–16 BL) and advanced (>16 BL). We applied fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with probes for bovine chromosomes 6 and X. The only form of chromosomal imbalance observed was mixoploidy [(2n/3n; 2n/4n); 19.9%, 54/271]. Early cleavers were less often chromosomally unbalanced (13.9%, 20/144) than their NEC counterparts (26.7%, 34/127). Among embryos developing at a normal speed, the NEC embryos were more often abnormal (NEC 20/80; EC 10/79; p < 0.05). The advanced embryos were not observed among the NEC category, whereas such embryos from EC category displayed no chromosomal aberrations. The majority of embryos arrested at the 8 BL stage were of NEC category and were carriers of chromosomally abnormal blastomeres. With regard to embryonic sex, we demonstrated that although males dominate among bovine embryos developing in vitro, the incidence of mixoploidy was equal for both sexes. It can be suggested that a good‐quality bovine embryo is usually an early cleaver that develops at higher speed and contains less aberrant cells. The present study also confirmed the usefulness of the FZC as a marker of embryo quality by demonstrating a significantly lower incidence of aberrations in early embryos.
The skin‐blanching assay
Authors: Smit P. , Neumann H.A.M. , Thio H.B. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe skin‐blanching assay is used for the determination and bioequivalence of dermatologic glucocorticoids (GCs). The exact mechanism of the production of blanching is not fully understood, but it is considered that local vasoconstriction of the skin microvasculature and the consequent blood‐flow reduction cause this phenomenon. Several factors influence skin blanching, including drug concentration, duration of application, nature of vehicle, occlusion, posture and location. The intensity of vasoconstriction can be measured in several ways: visual or quantitative methods, such as reflectance spectroscopy, thermography, laser Doppler velocimetry and chromametry. In literature, contradicting results in the correlation of the skin‐blanching assay with different tests to determine GC sensitivity have been reported, limiting its clinical usefulness.