bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational Insights into the Roles of Steric and Electrostatic Interactions in Arsenic Ylide Mediated Aziridination Reactions
Authors: Jaccob Madhavan , Venuvanalingam Ponnambalam 
Published: May 2011

AbstractDFT calculations have been performed to study the mechanism and diastereoselectivity aspects of aziridination reactions of arsenic ylides. The reactions of three different arsenic ylides, unstabilized (H), semistabilized (Ph) and stabilized (COMe) arsenic ylides, with an imine have been considered. For all three arsenic ylides, the transoid mode of addition is more favoured than the cisoid mode of addition. The inherent stability differences between the addition transition‐state geometries are governed by steric interactions induced by the ylidic substituents and the methyl group of the carbamate and weak C–H···O hydrogen‐bonding interactions. For both the semistabilized and stabilized arsenic ylides, the trans selectivity is determined exclusively by the elimination transition states. The formation of trans‐aziridine is explained on the basis of weak hydrogen‐bonding interactions and steric interactions.
Unmasking low‐abundance peptides from human blood plasma and serum samples by a simple and robust two‐step precipitation/immunoaffinity enrichment method
Authors: Halfinger Bernhard , Sarg Bettina , Amann Arno , Hammerer‐Lercher Angelika , Lindner Herbert H. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractProteomic analysis of human plasma and serum for identifying and validating disease‐specific marker proteins and peptides has one major drawback besides its unique advantage as a readily available sample source for diagnostic assays. This disadvantage is represented by the predominance of several high‐ and middle‐abundant proteins, which clearly hamper identification and quantification approaches of potential and validated protein and peptide biomarkers, which are often of very low abundance. During the last decades, a significant number of depletion and enrichment techniques evolved to address these two issues. We present here a cost‐effective and easy‐to‐use strategy for protein depletion comprising a thermal precipitation protocol followed by a two‐step liquid/liquid precipitation as well as using an immunoaffinity chromatography method for the specific enrichment and isolation of the low‐abundance polypeptide N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide and its precursor proBNP clinically used as biomarkers for the detection of severe human heart failure and related diseases. The applicability of this approach is shown by SDS ‐CGE, SDS‐PAGE, electrochemiluminescence immunoassay and nano‐LC ESI‐MS/MS. Our thermal precipitation protocol followed by a two‐step liquid/liquid precipitation could also serve as a potential depletion technique for the characterization of other low‐abundance peptides and proteins.
Importance of risk communication during and after a nuclear accident
Authors: Perko Tanja 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Past nuclear accidents highlight communication as one of the most important challenges in emergency management. In the early phase, communication increases awareness and understanding of protective actions and improves the population response. In the medium and long term, risk communication can facilitate the remediation process and the return to normal life. Mass media play a central role in risk communication. The recent nuclear accident in Japan, as expected, induced massive media coverage. Media were employed to communicate with the public during the contamination phase, and they will play the same important role in the clean-up and recovery phases. However, media also have to fulfill the economic aspects of publishing or broadcasting, with the “bad news is good news” slogan that is a well-known phenomenon in journalism. This article addresses the main communication challenges and suggests possible risk communication approaches to adopt in the case of a nuclear accident. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2011;7:388–392. © 2011 SETAC
SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES IN A REGION OF THE LOESS PLATEAU OF PR CHINA SUBJECT TO WIND AND WATER EROSION
Authors: Wang Y. Q. , Shao M. A. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTThe analysis of the spatial variability of soil properties is important for land management and construction of an ecological environment. The objectives of this study were to investigate the spatial variability of saturated hydraulic conductivity (KS), total porosity (TP), capillary porosity (CP) and bulk density (BD) in relation to land use in a 0·54 km2 watershed on the Loess Plateau. Topsoil samples (0–5 cm) from 154 sites within the watershed were collected and analyzed by classical and geostatistical statistics in the summer of 2009. The results from the classical statistical analyses indicated that TP, CP and BD had low variability whereas KS had high variability with the watershed. Farmland had significantly lower BD and higher TP and CP than grassland, shrubland and woodland (p < 0·05). Geostatistical analyses revealed that the KS semivariogram was best fit by a spherical model, the CP semivariogram was best fit by an exponential model and the TP and BD semivariograms were best fit by Gaussian models. The nugget to sill ratios and fractal dimension values indicated that all four soil properties had strong spatial dependence. Moran's I analysis showed that a 100‐m sampling interval would be adequate for detecting the spatial structure of the four soil physical properties within the watershed. Spatial interpolation maps could provide useful information for precision agriculture practices and ecological management. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coping and its effect on psychological distress of parents of pediatric cancer patients: a longitudinal prospective study
Authors: Hoekstra‐Weebers Josette E.H.M. , Wijnberg‐Williams Barbara J. , Jaspers Jan P.C. , Kamps Willem A. , van de Wiel Harry B.M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveThis prospective 5‐year longitudinal study examined the use of coping styles of fathers and mothers of pediatric cancer patients over time and the prospective effects of coping on distress.MethodsPsychological distress (General Health Questionnaire) and the use of seven coping styles (Utrecht Coping List: active problem focussing, palliative and passive reaction patterns, avoidance, social support seeking, expression of emotions, and comforting cognition) were assessed in 115 parents shortly after diagnosis, 6 and 12 months, and 5 years later.ResultsAt diagnosis, parents' use of coping styles did not differ from the norm population except more frequent use of support seeking. No significant change over time was found in a palliative reaction pattern. Support seeking declined and emotional expression increased linearly, whereas use of the remaining coping styles decreased, followed by an increase. At 5 years, parents' use differed from the norm population only in less use of expression of emotions and comforting cognitions. Initial coping use significantly predicted fathers' future distress at 6 and 12 months but not at 5 years. This was not found for mothers. Changes in coping were significantly associated with both parents' changes in distress only during the first year. Increased passive reaction pattern and social support seeking were the risk factors for mothers. Increased avoidance, a passive reaction pattern, expression of emotions, and decreased active problem focussing formed the risk factors for fathers.ConclusionFindings illustrate that coping seems to be a situation‐specific process and that coping predictors vary as a function of parents' gender. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Survivor identity after colorectal cancer: antecedents, prevalence and outcomes
Authors: Chambers Suzanne K. , Baade Peter , Meng Xingqiong , Youl Pip , Aitken Joanne , Dunn Jeff 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveCancer survivor identity has become a dominant paradigm in describing people with cancer and in driving the focus of programmes and research in supportive care. This study investigated antecedents of survivor identity adoption and population‐based prevalence.MethodsA prospective survey of a population‐based sample of 1966 (57% response) patients with colorectal cancer assessed socio‐demographic variables, health behaviours, optimism, benefit finding, cancer threat appraisal, psychological distress and satisfaction with life at 5 months post‐diagnosis as predictors of survivor identity 5 years subsequently. Prevalence of survivor identity at 5 years post‐diagnosis and psychological and lifestyle outcomes (n = 786) were later assessed.ResultsFifty‐five per cent of people identified as a cancer survivor, 39.4% as a person who had had (or has) cancer, 1.4% as a cancer patient and 1.2% as a cancer victim. People who were older and who reported higher personal growth after diagnosis were more likely to assume a survivor identity at 5 years. At 5 years, survivors had higher benefit finding and better satisfaction with life. Cancer survivors uniquely reported a significant decrease in somatization and acceptance, and increases in satisfaction with life and physical activity over time.ConclusionsFor patients with colorectal cancer, the cancer survivor identity is common but not universal 5 years after diagnosis; and may evolve from looking for benefit after cancer through personal growth. People who adopt a cancer survivor identity report more positive adjustment outcomes after cancer and this has implications for the design of clinical and community support interventions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The disordering effect of periodically poled nonlinear crystals on parametric down conversion
Authors: Kheradmand Reza , Rezaei Mahdi , Kryuchkyan Gagik , Nemati Majid , Razmi Afshin 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe have investigated the spectral properties and the multimode structure of joint states of photon pair produced by parametric down conversion in periodically poled nonlinear crystals (PPNC) by adding random length to each domain. We have also analysed the effect of additional random length on the output efficiency by considering two different configurations of PPNC and linear crystals, which we call (+, ‐) (PN) and (+, 0,−, 0) (PZNZ) configuration. In this paper we wish to study the effect of length fluctuations of segments which may occur in the preparation of PPNC in the laboratory. We aim at finding out how much error is reasonable in the process. In order to do this, we added random length to each segment and obtained the relevance between the output intensity and length fluctuations of the crystals.
Nanogap Electrode Fabrication for a Nanoscale Device by Volume‐Expanding Electrochemical Synthesis
Authors: Kim Ju‐Hyun , Moon Hanul , Yoo Seunghyup , Choi Yang‐Kyu 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA novel nanogap fabrication method using an electrochemical nanopatterning technique is presented. Electrochemical deposition of platinum ions reduces the microgap size to the sub‐50‐nm range due to the self‐limited volume expansion of the electrodes. Additionally, the low crystallinity of platinum reduces the line edge roughness in the electrodes, whereas the high crystallinity of gold increases it. Current compliance, a buffered resistor, and a symmetric deposition strategy are used to achieve high reliability and practicality of nanogap electrodes. As a possible application, an organic thin‐film transistor using the nanogap electrodes is also demonstrated.
Effect of Casting Speed on Slab Broadening in Continuous Casting
Authors: Fu Jian‐Xun , Hwang Wen‐Sing , Li Jing‐She , Yang Shu‐Feng , Hui Zhang 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA three‐dimensional viscoelastic‐plastic thermal‐mechanical coupled finite element model was based on the basis of the secondary development of commercial software (MSC, Marc software, USA) to simulation the effect of casting speed on slab broadening in the secondary cooling zone. The results show that the ratio of ultimate broadening increased with increasing casting speed for various steel grades, but the change in broadening lagged that in casting speed. When the casting speeds were 1.0 m/min, 1.1 m/min, and 1.2 m/min for Q235 steel, the maximum ratios of ultimate broadening were 1.52%, 1.59%, and 1.81%, respectively, and the average ratios of ultimate broadening at the exit of the caster were 1.00%, 1.27%, and 1.48%, respectively; for SPHC steel, the maximum ratios of ultimate broadening were 1.34%, 1.44%, and 1.69%, respectively, and the average ratios of ultimate broadening at the exit of the caster were 0.64%, 0.76%, and 0.95%, respectively. The simulation results were verified by measurements on an SMS‐Demag continuous caster of Maanshan Iron and Steel Co. Ltd.; the measurement results agree with the simulation results. The mechanism of the effect of casting speed on slab broadening was also analyzed.
Model structures for pro-simplicial presheaves
Authors: Jardine J.F. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis paper displays model structures for the category of pro-objects in simplicial presheaves on an arbitrary small Grothendieck site. The first of these is an analogue of the Edwards-Hastings model structure for pro-simplicial sets, in which the cofibrations are monomorphisms and the weak equivalences are specified by comparisons of function complexes. Other model structures are built from the Edwards-Hastings structure by using Bousfield-Friedlander localization techniques. There is, in particular, an n-type structure for pro-simplicial presheaves, and also a model structure in which the map from a pro-object to its Postnikov tower is formally inverted.
The pragmatic variable: Toward a procedural interpretation
Authors: Terkourafi Marina 
Published: May 2011

AbstractLabov defined the linguistic variable as “a class of variants which are ordered along a continuous dimension and whose position is determined by an independent linguistic or extralinguistic variable” (1966:15). A precondition for identifying surface forms as variants of a single variable is semantic, or truth-conditional, equivalence. This requirement proves hard to apply beyond (morpho)phonology, and was subsequently relaxed into one of functional equivalence. The focus of this article is pragmatic variation and how we should interpret functional equivalence to account for this. It is proposed that the variants of a pragmatic variable share a common procedural meaning, defined as a set of instructions guiding the inferential phase of utterance interpretation. Recasting the core meaning of pragmatic variables in procedural terms allows us to co-examine alternating forms that may express different referential meanings, remaining true to the spirit of Labov's proposal, who saw linguistic variables as socially motivated clusterings of forms. (Pragmatic variation, functional equivalence, procedural meaning, Relevance Theory)*
Understanding the Romano-British–Early Medieval Transition: A Zooarchaeological Perspective from Wroxeter (Viroconium Cornoviorum)
Authors: Hammon Andy 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe demise of the Western Roman Empire combined with Germanic migration and influence from Continental Europe had a tumultuous and profound affect on the cultural and social identities of Britain's population. The fifth to seventh centuriesa.d.remain a poorly understood epoch in British history, hence the once traditional ‘Dark Ages’ label. A variety of factors have contributed to this phenomenon, which include the exact nature and timing of the Roman administration's abandonment of Britannia, the precise character and extent of Germanic migration, questionable historical sources, the paucity of physical evidence, and problematic artefact dating. Zooarchaeological analysis can, therefore, aid the elucidation of this period through the development of new perspectives, highlighting the socio-cultural (and economic) processes involved in the emergence of early medieval Britain from Roman Britannia. Large-scale excavations were carried out at the baths basilica of Wroxeter (Shrops.) between 1966 and 1990. The city was the fourth largest urban centre in Roman Britain, and was thecivitas-capital of the Cornovii. The excavations demonstrated how the public buildings of this central insula fell into disuse, prior to the possible construction of a grandiose private residence and complex in the sub-Roman period. It has been postulated that this building represents the palatial complex of atyrannus, or possibly a bishopric of the ‘Western British’ church. Analysis of the resultant animal bone assemblage has provided an opportunity to explore the social and ethnic identity of the site's inhabitants through their dietary habits.
One train may hide another: anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery revealed by supraventricular tachycardia
Authors: Cognet Thomas , Séguéla Pierre-Emmanuel , Acar Philippe 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe report the case of a 1-month-old boy with an unusual association of supraventricular tachycardia and anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. Although signs of infarction were visible on the first electrocardiogram, the presence of an arrhythmia did not immediately suggest a coronary anomaly. Echocardiography allowed the diagnosis, thus leading to appropriate care.
Association between adiposity indices and cardiometabolic risk factors among adults living in Puerto Rico
Authors: Palacios Cristina , Pérez Cynthia M , Guzmán Manuel , Ortiz Ana P , Ayala Alelí , Suárez Erick 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the general adiposity index (BMI) with abdominal obesity indices (waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)) in order to examine the best predictor of cardiometabolic risk factors among Hispanics living in Puerto Rico.DesignSecondary analysis of measurements taken from a representative sample of adults. Logistic regression models (prevalence odds ratios (POR)), partial Pearson's correlations (controlling for age and sex) and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated between indices of obesity (BMI, WC, WHR and WHtR) and blood pressure, HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC):HDL-C, TAG, fasting blood glucose, glycosylated Hb, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and an aggregated measure of cardiometabolic risk.SettingHousehold study conducted between 2005 and 2007 in the San Juan Metropolitan Area in Puerto Rico.SubjectsA representative sample of 858 non-institutionalized adults.ResultsAll four obesity indices significantly correlated with the cardiometabolic risk factors. WHtR had the highest POR for high TC:HDL-C, blood pressure, hs-CRP, fibrinogen and PAI-1; WC had the highest POR for low HDL-C and high LDL-C and fasting blood glucose; WHR had the highest POR for overall cardiometabolic risk, TAG and glycosylated Hb. BMI had the lowest POR for most risk factors and smallest ROC curve for overall cardiometabolic risk.ConclusionsThe findings of the study suggest that general adiposity and abdominal adiposity are both associated with cardiometabolic risk in this population, although WC, WHR and WHtR appear to be slightly better predictors than BMI.
Have Anglo-Catholics Lost their Vision for Mission Agencies? An Empirical Enquiry among Newly Ordained Clergy in Britain
Authors: Village Andrew , Francis Leslie J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAttitude toward Christian mission agencies was investigated in a sample of 827 Anglican clergy ordained in the UK from 2002 to 2006. The Scale of Attitude Toward Mission Agencies (SATMA) consisted of six items related to the work that agencies do, and whether clergy wished to engage with this work. It had a high internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.80). After controlling for theological liberalism or conservatism, attitudes were most positive among evangelicals and least positive among Anglo-Catholics. Both liberal and conservative Anglo-Catholic clergy showed less positive attitudes toward mission agencies than did other clergy.
Kinetics of cyclobutane thymine dimer splitting by DNA photolyase directly monitored in the UV
Authors: Thiagarajan Viruthachalam , Byrdin Martin , Eker André P. M. , Müller Pavel , Brettel Klaus 
Published: May 2011

CPD photolyase uses light to repair cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) formed between adjacent pyrimidines in UV-irradiated DNA. The enzyme harbors an FAD cofactor in fully reduced state (FADH
-
). The CPD repair mechanism involves electron transfer from photoexcited FADH
-
to the CPD, splitting of its intradimer bonds, and electron return to restore catalytically active FADH
-
. The two electron transfer processes occur on time scales of 10
-10
and 10
-9
s, respectively. Until now, CPD splitting itself has only been poorly characterized by experiments. Using a previously unreported transient absorption setup, we succeeded in monitoring cyclobutane thymine dimer repair in the main UV absorption band of intact thymine at 266 nm. Flavin transitions that overlay DNA-based absorption changes at 266 nm were monitored independently in the visible and subtracted to obtain the true repair kinetics. Restoration of intact thymine showed a short lag and a biexponential rise with time constants of 0.2 and 1.5 ns. We assign these two time constants to splitting of the intradimer bonds (creating one intact thymine and one thymine anion radical T
∘-
) and electron return from T
∘-
to the FAD cofactor with recovery of the second thymine, respectively. Previous model studies and computer simulations yielded various CPD splitting times between < 1 ps and < 100 ns. Our experimental results should serve as a benchmark for future efforts to model enzymatic photorepair. The technique and methods developed here may be applied to monitor other photoreactions involving DNA.
Gene Coexpression Network Alignment and Conservation of Gene Modules between Two Grass Species: Maize and Rice
Authors: Ficklin Stephen P. , Feltus F. Alex 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
One major objective for plant biology is the discovery of molecular subsystems underlying complex traits. The use of genetic and genomic resources combined in a systems genetics approach offers a means for approaching this goal. This study describes a maize (Zea mays) gene coexpression network built from publicly available expression arrays. The maize network consisted of 2,071 loci that were divided into 34 distinct modules that contained 1,928 enriched functional annotation terms and 35 cofunctional gene clusters. Of note, 391 maize genes of unknown function were found to be coexpressed within modules along with genes of known function. A global network alignment was made between this maize network and a previously described rice (Oryza sativa) coexpression network. The IsoRankN tool was used, which incorporates both gene homology and network topology for the alignment. A total of 1,173 aligned loci were detected between the two grass networks, which condensed into 154 conserved subgraphs that preserved 4,758 coexpression edges in rice and 6,105 coexpression edges in maize. This study provides an early view into maize coexpression space and provides an initial network-based framework for the translation of functional genomic and genetic information between these two vital agricultural species.