bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Linguistic Worldview Revisited. A Cognitive Analysis of Plant Terms
Authors: Mierzwińska-Hajnos Agnieszka 
Published: April 2011

The Linguistic Worldview Revisited. A Cognitive Analysis of Plant Terms
The analysis of plant names offers enormous interpretive possibilities in the field of lexical semantics. (On the name-related interpretation of an expression's meaning, see, for example, Carroll 1985.) One such possibility, for example, is to define a plant term through the prism of the linguistic worldview as proposed by Bartmiński (1999, 2007, 2009), another - by the theory of cognitive domains as delineated by Langacker (1987, 1988a, 1988b, 2005, 2008). The problem is not a trivial one: what is required of a modern lexical analysis nowadays is that it should offer an account of how, for example, the meaning of the word pansy ‘any of various plants of the genera Achimenes or Viola, especially V. tricolor or its hybrids, having flowers with velvety petals of various colors’ is related to such disparate meanings as ‘a man or boy who is considered effeminate’ or even to ‘a homosexual male’.
Although both Bartmiński's and Langacker's theories can provide viable lexicographic definitions of an expression such as pansy, the two theories differ in the ways such definitions are held to be structured. Thus, using the notion of facet, Bartmiński's theory makes a clear-cut division between the so-called lexicographical definition of a word and its cognitive counterpart, "which reflects the socially preserved categorization of phenomena specific for a given language and its users" (Bartmiński 2007: 42). Langacker, in turn, by making crucial use of the so-called complex matrix of domains (Langacker 1988: 56), claims - contra Bartmiński - that "the existence of a clear-cut boundary [between linguistic and extra-linguistic knowledge] has been assumed on methodological (not factual) grounds [only]ę (Langacker 1988:57; also Taylor 1989).
The aim of this paper is to critically evaluate the two approaches to an expression's meaning. It is argued that of the two, it is Langacker's approach that is to be preferred, given its precise description of the processes involved in the "dynamic, on-line" account of plant meaning.
Phonology in the Speech Signal - Unifying cue and Prosodic Licensing
Authors: Schwartz Geoffrey 
Published: April 2011

Phonology in the Speech Signal - Unifying cue and Prosodic Licensing
This paper is offered in commemoration of Prof. Edmund Gussmann, who passed away sadly and unexpectedly just a few short weeks before the 41st Poznań Linguistic Meeting, where the paper was presented. The PLM session, Competing Explanations in Phonology, was the type of gathering at which Prof. Gussmann would thrive, advancing his strong theoretical position that phonetics is irrelevant for phonological theory (Gussmann 2004). Prof. Gussmann argued for this view in an animated and sometimes provocative manner, but he always did so with charm and good nature. My own views on the role of speech in phonology differ sharply from Prof. Gussmann's. I am nevertheless quite grateful for his perspective, which has indeed changed the way I think of speech. Under the influence of Government Phonology, I have adopted a phonological view of the acoustic signal, which seeks to challenge phoneticians with new hypotheses about the way speech interacts with grammar. This paper explicates this perspective, and applies it to a recent case, cue vs. prosodic licensing, in which "phonetic" and "phonological" explanations seemed to be at an impasse. Thanks in part to Prof. Gussmann's strong theoretical position, I have developed a new theory of constituency that offers a vehicle with which we may reconcile competing views on the underpinnings of phonological licensing.
Machine Learning Approach for the Classification of Demonstrative Pronouns for Indirect Anaphora in Hindi News Items
Authors: Dutta Kamlesh , Kaushik Saroj , Prakash Nupur 
Published: April 2011

Machine Learning Approach for the Classification of Demonstrative Pronouns for Indirect Anaphora in Hindi News Items
In this paper, we present machine learning approach for the classification indirect anaphora in Hindi corpus. The direct anaphora is able to find the noun phrase antecedent within a sentence or across few sentences. On the other hand indirect anaphora does not have explicit referent in the discourse. We suggest looking for certain patterns following the indirect anaphor and marking demonstrative pronoun as directly or indirectly anaphoric accordingly. Our focus of study is pronouns without noun phrase antecedent. We analyzed 177 news items having 1334 sentences, 780 demonstrative pronouns of which 97 (12.44 %) were indirectly anaphoric. The experiment with machine learning approaches for the classification of these pronouns based on the semantic cue provided by the collocation patterns following the pronoun is also carried out.
Quiz-Based Evaluation of Machine Translation
Authors: Berka Jan , Černý Martin , Bojar Ondřej 
Published: April 2011

Quiz-Based Evaluation of Machine Translation
This paper proposes a new method of manual evaluation for statistical machine translation, the so-called quiz-based evaluation, estimating whether people are able to extract information from machine-translated texts reliably. We apply the method to two commercial and two experimental MT systems that participated in WMT 2010 in English-to-Czech translation. We report inter-annotator agreement for the evaluation as well as the outcomes of the individual systems. The quiz-based evaluation suggests rather different ranking of the systems compared to the WMT 2010 manual and automatic metrics. We also see that overall, MT quality is becoming acceptable for obtaining information from the text: about 80% of questions can be answered correctly given only machine-translated text.
Word-Order Issues in English-to-Urdu Statistical Machine Translation
Authors: Jawaid Bushra , Zeman Daniel 
Published: April 2011

Word-Order Issues in English-to-Urdu Statistical Machine Translation
We investigate phrase-based statistical machine translation between English and Urdu, two Indo-European languages that differ significantly in their word-order preferences. Reordering of words and phrases is thus a necessary part of the translation process. While local reordering is modeled nicely by phrase-based systems, long-distance reordering is known to be a hard problem. We perform experiments using the Moses SMT system and discuss reordering models available in Moses. We then present our novel, Urdu-aware, yet generalizable approach based on reordering phrases in syntactic parse tree of the source English sentence. Our technique significantly improves quality of English-Urdu translation with Moses, both in terms of BLEU score and of subjective human judgments.
Thoracic Syrinx in a Patient With Balance Difficulties
Authors: Richard Shanan L. , Wang Sharon S. , Georgelas Timothy J. 
Published: April 2011

The patient was a 42-year-old woman who was referred to a physical therapist with diagnoses of lumbar degenerative joint disease and a left ankle fracture. The patient reported an insidious onset of low back and left lower extremity pain, which began approximately 2 years prior to referral. She reported having difficulties with balance, which ultimately led to a fall 1 year after her low back and left lower extremity pain began. Her fall resulted in a left ankle fracture that required open reduction and internal fixation. Magnetic resonance imaging of her brain and spine revealed a diffuse, abnormally increased cord signal. The patient was diagnosed with a thoracic syrinx, which is a longitudinal fluid-filled cavity along the spinal cord. The patient underwent a T5-T6 hemilaminectomy, with placement of a syringopleural shunt between T4 and T6. Following surgery, the patient's neurologic status stabilized and did not deteriorate any further. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(4):282. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.0408
Mixing enthalpies in liquid alloys of manganese with the lanthanides
Authors: Ivanov Michael , Berezutski Vadim , Usenko Nathalia 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The enthalpies of mixing in binary liquid alloys of manganese with the lanthanides (Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy, Tm and Lu) were determined over a wide range of composition by isoperibolic calorimetry. The heats of mixing in the systems were found to change gradually across the lanthanides row from the Mn–Nd system (ΔHmin = – 0.40 ± 0.26 kJ mol− 1 at xNd = 0.14; ΔHmax = 1.99 ± 0.65 kJ mol− 1 at xNd = 0.60; T = 1 600 K) to the Mn–Lu system (ΔHmin = – 6.76 ± 0.93 kJ mol− 1 at xLu = 0.40; T = 1 700 K)
Reaction synthesis and wear resistance of a TiCp/Ni3Al-Fe composite coating on steel
Authors: Wei Minxian , Wang Shuqi , Cui Xianghong , Yang Zirun , Zhao Yutao 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A multiphasic composite coating on steel was fabricated by reaction synthesis in the melt. The ceramic particulate reinforced intermetallic matrix composite (TiCp/Ni3Al) and the mixture (TiCp/Ni3Al-Fe) of the composite and steel were successively formed from the coating surface to the steel matrix. Metallurgical fusion of the reactive products with the steel melt occurred to form the multiphasic composite coating after solidification. The Ti-C-3Ni-Al system was employed to synthesize the composite coating. The reaction processes of the system were investigated using a differential scanning calorimeter and an X-ray diffractometer. The coating presented higher elevated-temperature wear resistance than H13 steel and markedly postponed the transition from mild wear to severe wear.
A novel method for Al/SiC composite fabrication: Lost foam casting
Authors: Guler Kerem A. , Kisasoz Alptekin , Karaaslan Ahmet 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
In this paper, an innovative manufacturing approach to cast metal-matrix composite is proposed. Aluminum matrix composite production by lost foam casting has been investigated. In order to produce metal-matrix composite by lost foam casting, expanded polystyrene boards were designed as sandwich shaped and three layered. SiC particulates with 60 lm average grain size were settled between the board layers, while A6063 and A413 aluminum alloys were used as matrix materials. The effect of the matrix materials on the mechanical properties of the composite specimens was investigated and fabricated specimens were characterized using image analysis, hardness tests, scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction analysis. The results show that in the lost foam casting method, the hardness of the A6063 and the A413 materials specimens increases with SiC reinforcement up to 70% and 80%, respectively.
Optical and thermodynamic studies of silver nanoparticles stabilized by Daxad 19 surfactant
Authors: Lah Nurul Akmal Che , Johan Mohd Rafie 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A method for the reduction of AgNO3 in aqueous Daxad 19 solution is presented in this study. The relationships between the size, shape and optical properties of silver nanoparticles are highlighted while controlling synthesis. The variation of size and shape of silver nanoparticles with the change in reactant temperatures are obtained from the transmission electron microscopy images. Ultra violet-visible spectra show that the Surface Plasmon Resonance peak is shifted to the lower wavelength with decreases in particle size. Gibbs free energies (Gf) of silver nanoparticles were calculated by using the data obtained from UV-Vis spectra. Calculation results proved that the Gf of silver nanoparticles have an intimate relationship with the particle size and shape. Gf increases significantly with decrease in particle size. However, the value dropped significantly after the increase in particle size.
Numerical simulation for the determination of the limit drawing ratio of a cold rolled and solution treated Nimonic C-263 alloy sheet
Authors: Ankamma Kandula , Reddy Pidugu Venkata Rama Ravindra , Nagarjuna Settivari , Reddy Gangireddy Chandra Mohan , Komaraiah Methuku , Prasad NamburiEswara 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Nimonic alloys are Ni-based superalloys used for several high temperature applications, notable among them are components in space vehicles, rocket engines, submarines, nuclear reactors, chemical processing vessels and heat exchange tubing, as they exhibit excellent mechanical strength and creep resistance at high temperatures. Hence, evaluation of their formability characteristics is of the utmost importance in making them into several useful components. The limit drawing ratio is one of the parameters that indicate the formability, especially the drawability of sheet material for deep drawing applications. In this paper, the limit drawing ratio of Nimonic C-263 alloy is investigated and presented using an explicit finite element code LSDYNA-3D. The material properties and the material model are evaluated through tensile testing.
Determination of liquidus temperature in Ti-rich alloys of the Fe–Ni–Ti system obtained by DTA, electrical conductivity and XRD measurements
Authors: Duarte Liliana I. , Leinenbach Christian , Wang Jiang , Plevachuk Yuriy , Sklyarchuk Vasyl , Korolyshyn Andriy , Klotz Ulrich E. , Löffler Jörg F. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Despite its significant technical relevance, a number of uncertainties remain regarding the Fe–Ni–Ti ternary system. These concern phase relations, the solidus–liquidus range and the liquidus projection, especially in the Ti-rich corner. In this study the melting and solidification behaviour of Tirich Fe–Ni–Ti alloys was characterized using differential thermal analysis, electrical conductivity measurements and high-temperature X-ray diffraction. Combining these different methods allowed us to determine the liquidus temperatures more precisely than with differential thermal analysis measurements alone. The results were compared with calculated values using the ThermoCalc software package.
Efficacy of simultaneous single-trajectory endoscopic tumor biopsy and endoscopic cerebrospinal fluid diversion procedures in intra- and paraventricular tumors
Authors: Mohanty Aaron , Santosh Vani , Devi B. Indira , Satish Satyanarayana , Biswas Arundhati 
Published: April 2011

Object
Intraventricular and paraventricular tumors resulting in hydrocephalus commonly require a CSF diversion procedure. A tumor biopsy can often be performed concurrently. Although the tissue samples obtained during endoscopic biopsy procedures are small, a diagnosis can be made in most cases. In the present study the authors analyzed the efficacy of concurrent endoscopic biopsy and CSF diversion procedures using a single bur hole and trajectory.

Methods
Eighty-seven patients with intraventricular and paraventricular tumors were treated with endoscopic biopsy and CSF diversion procedures using a rigid rod-lens endoscope or a rigid fiberscope during a 10-year period. All patients underwent a tumor biopsy and an endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV), aqueductal stenting (AS), or ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting, depending on the tumor location and site of obstruction. A single bur hole for both procedures was used in all patients.

Results
Among the 87 patients, the biopsy was diagnostic in 72 (83%) and merely suggestive in 7 (8%); in 8 patients (9%) the sample was nondiagnostic. Among the 22 patients who underwent an initial endoscopic biopsy and subsequent procedures, the specimen obtained at the second surgery was concordant with the initial endoscopic biopsy sample in 13 patients; it was somewhat similar in 4 patients. In the other 5 patients, either a microsurgical or stereotactic approach was used to correctly diagnose the pathology. Fifty-five patients were considered for endoscopic CSF diversion procedures; an ETV was performed in 52 patients and AS in 2. An ETV could not be performed in 3 patients for technical reasons. A VP shunt was inserted in 32 patients, with 25 undergoing shunt placement at the same time as the ETV and 7 at a later date. Significant bleeding was encountered in 3 patients during the tumor biopsy and in 1 patient during the ETV. The ETV failed in 1 patient during the follow-up, and a repeat ETV was required.

Conclusions
Endoscopic biopsy sampling and a concurrent CSF diversion procedure through a single bur hole and trajectory can be considered for intraventricular tumors. The overall success rates of 83% for the biopsy procedure and 86% for the ETV indicate that the procedures are beneficial in the majority of cases. A concordance rate of 75% was found in patients who underwent an initial biopsy procedure and a subsequent microsurgical approach for tumor excision.
Long-term operative failure of endoscopic third ventriculostomy in pediatric patients: the role of cine phase-contrast MR imaging
Authors: Faggin Roberto , Calderone Milena , Denaro Luca , Meneghini Luisa , d'Avella Domenico 
Published: April 2011

Object
Although a rarely reported occurrence, late failure of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) may occur in children as a result of a variety of factors. Delay in recognition of symptoms can lead to harmful deterioration in the patient's condition. The authors undertook this study to assess the capacity of cine phase-contrast MR imaging to identify late failure in asymptomatic pediatric patients treated with ETV for hydrocephalus.

Methods
This study was a retrospective evaluation of cases involving patients who underwent ETV between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2008, at the pediatric neurological surgery service of the University of Padua. Before 2004, patients were routinely followed up with cine MR imaging at 3, 6, and 12 months after ETV. In 2004, a protocol of annual cine MR follow-up was instituted as a result of a case of fatal late failure. The authors evaluated all cases of late failure identified through cine MR imaging and performed a statistical analysis to investigate the relationship between ETV failure and several variables, including the cause of hydrocephalus for which ETV was originally indicated.

Results
In a series of 84 patients (age range 6 days–16 years), 17 patients had early ETV failure. Of the remaining 67 patients, 5 (7%) were found to have no CSF flow through the fenestration and recurrent ventriculomegaly when assessed with cine MR imaging at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7 years after ETV. The patient in whom ETV failure was identified 1 year postoperatively had Dandy-Walker malformation. The patients in whom ETV failure was identified 2, 3, and 4 years postoperatively all had undergone ETV for treatment of postinfective hydrocephalus. The patient in whom ETV failure was identified 7 years postoperatively had a cystic arachnopathy in the fourth ventricle after cerebellar astrocytoma removal.

Conclusions
Patients who undergo ETV for infective hydrocephalus and Dandy-Walker malformation should receive long-term follow-up, because late closure of the stoma may occur progressively and slowly. Intraoperative observation of thickened arachnoid membranes at the level of the interpeduncular cisterns at the first ETV and a progressive decreasing of CSF flow through the stoma on routine cine MR imaging should be considered unfavorable elements entailing a significant risk of deterioration.
Evidence of improved surgical outcome following endoscopy for nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma removal
Authors: Messerer Mahmoud , De battista Juan Carlos , Raverot Gérald , Kassis Sebouh , Dubourg Julie , Lapras Veronique , Trouillas Jacqueline , Perrin Gilles , Jouanneau Emmanuel 
Published: April 2011

Object
Because of their size and lateral extension, total removal of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) remains a challenge and postoperative tumor remnants are frequent. Endoscopy has improved the surgeon's view; however, its superiority in terms of surgical outcome remains undetermined. The authors' aim in this study was to compare the clinical results and morbidity between microscopic and endoscopic techniques in 164 patients with NFPAs.

Methods
Tumoral (3D MR imaging), endocrinological, and ophthalmological results and morbidity were compared between 2 groups of 82 patients with newly diagnosed NFPAs surgically treated via either a sublabial microscopic approach (Group B) or a fully endonasal endoscopic technique (Group A).

Results
The groups showed no difference in terms of clinical features, tumor size, or cavernous sinus invasion (p > 0.05). One year postoperatively, the quality of resection was significantly improved in Group A (gross-total removal [GTR]: 74% vs 50% in Group B, p = 0.002) with greater control of lateral extension (Knosp Grade 2: GTR 88.2% vs 47.8% in Group B, p = 0.02; Knosp Grade 3: 67.9% vs 16.7% in Group B, p < 0.001) and suprasellar extension (tumor height 20–30 mm: GTR 76% vs 53% in Group B, p = 0.01). Endocrinological outcome in patients with a partial deficiency in anterior pituitary function preoperatively was significantly better in Group A (improvement 56% vs 25% in Group B, stabilization 22% vs 46%, and aggravation 22% vs 29%; p = 0.01). Among the ophthalmologically symptomatic patients, 100% from Group A improved compared with 93% in Group B (p = 0.35). Lastly, no significant difference was found regarding morbidity. These data were supported by the literature in which the GTR rate is consistently higher for endoscopy compared with microscopy.

Conclusions
In this large series of patients with NFPAs, endoscopy improved the quality of resection and endocrinological outcome. Larger studies focusing on the impact of these promising results on the long-term recurrence of NFPAs are warranted.
Nasal symptoms following endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery: assessment using the General Nasal Patient Inventory
Authors: Wang Yi Yuen , Srirathan Vinothan , Tirr Erica , Kearney Tara , Gnanalingham Kanna K. 
Published: April 2011

Object
The endoscopic approach for pituitary tumors is a recent innovation and is said to reduce the nasal trauma associated with transnasal transsphenoidal surgery. The authors assessed the temporal changes in the rhinological symptoms following endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary lesions, using the General Nasal Patient Inventory (GNPI).

Methods
The GNPI was administered to 88 consecutive patients undergoing endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery at 3 time points (presurgery, 3–6 months postsurgery, and at final follow-up). The total GNPI score and the scores for the individual GNPI questions were calculated and differences between groups were assessed once before surgery, several months after surgery, and at final follow-up.

Results
Of a maximum possible score of 135, the mean GNPI score at 3–6 months postsurgery was only 12.9 ± 12 and was not significantly different from the preoperative score (10.4 ± 13) or final follow-up score (10.3 ± 10). Patients with functioning tumors had higher GNPI scores than those with nonfunctioning tumors for each of these time points (p < 0.05). Individually, a mild increase in symptom severity was seen for symptoms attributable to the nasal trauma of surgery, with partial recovery (nasal sores and bleeding) or complete recovery (nasal blockage, painful sinuses, and unpleasant nasal smell) by final follow-up (p < 0.05). Progressive improvements in symptom severity were seen for symptoms more attributable to tumor mass preoperatively (for example, headaches and painkiller use [p < 0.05]). In total, by final follow-up 8 patients (9%) required further treatment or advice for ongoing nasal symptoms.

Conclusions
Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery is a well-tolerated minimally invasive procedure for pituitary fossa lesions. Overall patient-assessed nasal symptoms do not change, but some individual symptoms may show a mild worsening or overall improvement.