bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La tabletterie d'une insula d'Amiens antique (Somme), "Multiplex Gaumont" (ancien Garage Citroën)
Authors: Thuet Annick 
Published: February 2012

Le site archéologique « Multiplex Gaumont » est localisé en périphérie est de l'antique Samarobriva, au cœur d'une insula à vocation artisanale, côtoyant une vaste zone de décharge. L'étude d'un lot conséquent de tabletterie, 218 éléments souvent découverts en contexte bien daté, permet de valoriser un instrumentum encore mal connu en Gaule du Nord.
Quelques traces d'une activité de tabletterie (22 éléments) révèlent une production d'épingles à cheveux à sommet simple, par débitage. Le domaine personnel, avec 73 épingles, domine ce lot, renforcé par les 41 pièces brisées du domaine divers. Les éléments de charnière (35 pièces) et les aiguilles (11 occurrences) complètent cet ensemble très homogène, où quelques pièces originales, épingle à tête féminine, pyxide, manche de rasoir en ivoire sortent du lot. La prédominance du type Béal AXX, 13 dans la catégorie des épingles semble confirmer la production et la diffusion de ce type au nord de la Seine dans un contexte assez bien défini désormais.
L'étude des hypoplasies linéaires de l'émail et la caractérisation de l'élevage porcin au Moyen Âge sur les sites de Boves (Somme) et de Vincennes (Val-de-Marne)
Authors: Clavel Benoît , Sicard Sébastien 
Published: February 2012

Pathologies which may appear on the bones or teeth of an animal are related to its health and its living conditions. A dental malformation known as linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) is caused by temporary insufficiencies in the build-up of the enamel as the crown develops. This anomaly is characterised by the appearance of lines or ridges on the surface of the crown.
The study of these lines makes it possible to propose chronological models of periods of physiological stress occurring during the animal's development, and can often be related to a deterioration in diet.
The first results obtained from the castle sites of Boves (eighth century - fourteenth century) and Vincennes (fourteenth century) suggest that variations in the number and aspect of the lines observed on the teeth of pigs may be related to environmental conditions and livestock farming practices current between the eighth and the fourteenth centuries. Thanks to the observation of LEH occurrence, comparisons may be established between different sites, or different phases of one particular site. The possibility of comparing several periods on the same site also provides an opportunity to research the incidents or conditions in the livestock raising process that may have determined these variations.
Cervical Cancer Screening Rates Among Rural and Urban Females, From 2019 to 2022
Authors: Borders Tyrone F. , Thaxton Wiggins Amanda 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceLittle nationally representative research has examined Papanicolaou testing rates from before the pandemic in 2019 through the COVID-19 pandemic in 2022. Papanicolaou testing rates among rural females are a concern as they have historically had lower screening rates than their urban counterparts.ObjectiveTo examine the receipt of a Papanicolaou test in the past year among US females overall and females residing in rural and urban areas in 2019, 2020, and 2022.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis repeated cross-sectional study used data from 3 years of the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS), a nationally representative survey that asks respondents about cancer screenings, sources of health information, and health and health care technologies. Study participants were females aged 21 to 65 years. Individuals who received a Papanicolaou test more than 1 to 3 years prior to a HINTS interview were excluded as they were likely not due for a Papanicolaou test.ExposuresSurvey year (2019, 2020, and 2022) and rural or urban residence were the main exposure variables.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSelf-reported receipt of a Papanicolaou test within the past year.ResultsAmong the 188 243 531 (weighted; 3706 unweighted) females included in the analysis, 12.5% lived in rural areas and 87.5% in urban areas. Participants had a mean (SE) age of 43.7 (0.27) years and were of Hispanic (18.8%), non-Hispanic Asian (5.2%), non-Hispanic Black (12.2%), non-Hispanic White (59.6%), or non-Hispanic other (4.1%) race and ethnicity. In 2022, unadjusted past-year Papanicolaou testing rates were significantly lower among rural vs urban residents (48.6% [95% CI, 39.2%-58.1%] vs 64.0% [95% CI, 60.0%-68.0%]; P &amp;lt; .001). Adjusted odds of past-year Papanicolaou testing were lower in 2022 than 2019 (odds ratio, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.52-0.95; P = .02).Conclusions and RelevanceThis repeated cross-sectional study found that past-year Papanicolaou testing rates were lower in 2022 than 2019, pointing to a need to increase access to screenings to prevent an uptick in cervical cancer incidence. Rural-vs-urban differences in 2022 indicate a need to specifically target rural females.
Development of a Longitudinal Prostate Cancer Transcriptomic and Clinical Data Linkage
Authors: Leapman Michael S. , Ho Julian , Liu Yang , Filson Christopher P. , Zhao Xin , Hakansson Alexander , Proudfoot James A. , Davicioni Elai , Martin Darryl T. , An Yi , Seibert Tyler M. , Lin Daniel W. , Spratt Daniel E. , Cooperberg Matthew R. , Ross Ashley E. , Sprenkle Preston C. 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceAlthough tissue-based gene expression testing has become widely used for prostate cancer risk stratification, its prognostic performance in the setting of clinical care is not well understood.ObjectiveTo develop a linkage between a prostate genomic classifier (GC) and clinical data across payers and sites of care in the US.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cohort study, clinical and transcriptomic data from clinical use of a prostate GC between 2016 and 2022 were linked with data aggregated from insurance claims, pharmacy records, and electronic health record (EHR) data. Participants were anonymously linked between datasets by deterministic methods through a deidentification engine using encrypted tokens. Algorithms were developed and refined for identifying prostate cancer diagnoses, treatment timing, and clinical outcomes using diagnosis codes, Common Procedural Terminology codes, pharmacy codes, Systematized Medical Nomenclature for Medicine clinical terms, and unstructured text in the EHR. Data analysis was performed from January 2023 to January 2024.ExposureDiagnosis of prostate cancer.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were biochemical recurrence and development of prostate cancer metastases after diagnosis or radical prostatectomy (RP). The sensitivity of the linkage and identification algorithms for clinical and administrative data were calculated relative to clinical and pathological information obtained during the GC testing process as the reference standard.ResultsA total of 92 976 of 95 578 (97.2%) participants who underwent prostate GC testing were successfully linked to administrative and clinical data, including 53 871 who underwent biopsy testing and 39 105 who underwent RP testing. The median (IQR) age at GC testing was 66.4 (61.0-71.0) years. The sensitivity of the EHR linkage data for prostate cancer diagnoses was 85.0% (95% CI, 84.7%-85.2%), including 80.8% (95% CI, 80.4%-81.1%) for biopsy-tested participants and 90.8% (95% CI, 90.5%-91.0%) for RP-tested participants. Year of treatment was concordant in 97.9% (95% CI, 97.7%-98.1%) of those undergoing GC testing at RP, and 86.0% (95% CI, 85.6%-86.4%) among participants undergoing biopsy testing. The sensitivity of the linkage was 48.6% (95% CI, 48.1%-49.1%) for identifying RP and 50.1% (95% CI, 49.7%-50.5%) for identifying prostate biopsy.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study established a national-scale linkage of transcriptomic and longitudinal clinical data yielding high accuracy for identifying key clinical junctures, including diagnosis, treatment, and early cancer outcome. This resource can be leveraged to enhance understandings of disease biology, patterns of care, and treatment effectiveness.
Thyroid Nodule Rupture Following Radiofrequency Ablation for Benign Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Austerlitz Joaquin , Mann Daljit Singh , Noel Julia E. , Orloff Lisa A. 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceNodule rupture is a rare but serious complication of thyroid radiofrequency ablation (RFA). With growing adoption of thyroid RFA across the US, an understanding of thyroid nodule rupture (TNR) is crucial for recognition, management, and, ultimately, prevention.ObjectiveTo determine procedural and patient factors that may contribute to TNR and describe experiences in managing TNR while synthesizing existing literature.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective case series examined all RFA procedures for benign thyroid nodules performed by 2 attending physicians at a single academic referral center between December 2019 and January 2024. A total of 298 consecutive patients underwent RFA for benign thyroid nodules. Criteria for offering RFA included nodules with 2 benign fine-needle aspirations, no suspicious ultrasonography features, a greatest dimension of 2 cm or greater, compressive or cosmetic concerns, and accessibility to a straight needle.ExposuresAll RFAs were performed using ultrasonography guidance using the moving-shot technique and a 7-mm or 10-mm active tip.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was TNR, and measures were procedure, nodule, and patient characteristics that may have contributed to its pathogenesis. Secondary outcomes were nodule volume reduction, thyroid function, and management and sequelae of TNR. The hypothesis on the pathogenesis of TNR was formed before data collection.ResultsSix of 298 patients (2%; 4 women [67%]) with a mean age of 48.5 years (range, 34-65 years) experienced TNR for a mean of 36 days postprocedure (range, 19-54 days). The mean (SD) initial nodule volume among patients with TNR was 31.45 (16.52) mL, and 3 of 6 patients (50%) underwent prior lobectomy. All ruptures were anterior. All patients were treated conservatively, and none required surgery. Five patients recovered completely; the sixth and most recent patient was healing as of last follow-up.Conclusions and RelevanceThere are limited data on the etiology and optimal management of TNR. These 6 cases of anterior rupture suggest that a potential contributor to TNR is thermal and mechanical trauma exerted at the fulcrum point during the moving-shot technique. The use of a smaller active tip (eg, 7 mm) and cessation of energy delivery before this point may help avoid TNR. More robust reporting of this complication may clarify risk factors for and enhance prevention of TNR.
Focus Groups
Authors: Ho Debbie G. E. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The focus group discussion is a qualitative method of data collection which has been increasingly used to address research enquiries in the field of social sciences. This entry provides a comprehensive overview of the focus group discussion, specifically for any qualitative researcher keen on using the focus group discussion as a method of data collection. It is divided into a number of sections, beginning with a description of two key features that characterize the focus group discussion: it is a collective activity and it is interactive. Following from this are sections on reasons for the use of focus groups, the types of focus group discussion and how they differ from semi‐structured and group interviews. There is a section containing information for a qualitative researcher to gauge if the focus group discussion is an appropriate tool for data collection for a particular research topic. Information on how one can conduct a focus group discussion is presented via a flow chart that traces the stages in organizing a focus group discussion. Two other aspects that are important for a successful focus group discussion are also explained in this entry: the design of the interview guide and the role(s) of the moderator. Perhaps the most comprehensive section is on the analysis of focus group data: what types of data are used and the methods of analysis. The entry ends with the ethical issues to be considered when carrying out a focus group discussion.
Equitable Material Development for Multilingual Education
Authors: Guzmán Ana , Yalikun Feidana , Wong Kevin M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This entry emphasizes material development in multilingual settings and presents a pragmatic and equitable approach to supporting educators in developing teaching materials that are beneficial, meaningful, and engaging to students. It will further take into consideration the needs of multilinguals acquiring an additional language to provide a foundation that facilitates the language acquisition process. This entry then discusses a potential framework that can assist in material development and concludes with implications for equity work in multilingual material development.
Vocabulary and Writing
Authors: Laufer Batia 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The relationship between vocabulary and writing is that of mutual contribution and support. Lexical quality of a piece of writing is contingent upon lexical sophistication (the percent of infrequent words), lexical diversity (the ratio of unique words), and collocational competence (the number of accurate and closely associated unique collocations). The use of lexis in writing improves with the growth in proficiency, but the pace of the improvement seems to lag behind the pace of vocabulary knowledge growth. Writing practice has been one of the most effective ways of entrenching the practiced vocabulary in learners' memory. However, there is not enough evidence to show whether writing leads to long‐term use of better vocabulary of learners' free choice. The effectiveness of writing tasks has been attributed to their cognitive demands, and explained in terms of three learning theories: the Pushed Output Hypothesis, the Involvement Load Hypothesis, and the Technique Feature Analysis.
Gender and Pragmatics
Authors: Okamoto Shigeko 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Pragmatics plays a vital role in language and gender research because to adequately understand how gender is involved in the use and interpretation of linguistic expressions in real‐world contexts requires consideration of pragmatic matters, such as indexicality, performativity, stance, politeness, implicature, presupposition, and cultural norms. Conversely, gender is highly important to pragmatics research because considering gender's role enhances our understanding of these pragmatic matters. This entry offers an overview of language and gender research with a focus on the role of pragmatics in investigating: (a) the relationship between gender and ways of speaking and (b) representations of gender.
The Semantics‐Pragmatics Boundary
Authors: Bezuidenhout Anne 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Linguists and philosophers of language have characterized the semantics‐pragmatics distinction in many different ways. A couple of the more prominent characterizations are presented and some of their shortcomings are noted. The idea that the semantics‐pragmatics boundary is porous, as well as the consequences of this porosity, are briefly explored.
Transmembrane Inspired Mechano‐Responsive Elastomers with Synergized Traction‐Assisted Healing and Dual‐Channel Sensing
Authors: Chen Chao , Yu Zhe , Tian Ying , Li Fenglong , Kong Zhengyang , Ran Xu , Wu Xing , Lee Kyung Jin , Kim Do Hwan , Lee Jung‐Yong , Zhu Jin , Ying Wu Bin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the burgeoning field of bioinspired materials, the principles governing biological perception and self‐healing drive advancements in biomimetic mechano‐responsive materials, seamlessly integrating ionic signal sensing with self‐healing. While current research often emphasizes individual functionalities, the concurrent enhancement of both self‐healing and sensitivity in iontronic skins is often overlooked. Drawing inspiration from transmembrane proteins like TSP‐15, Piezo 1 and Piezo 2, renowned for recruiting repair factors, multifunctional molecular‐ionic regulatory sites are constructed within a polyurethane/ionic liquid composite system, leading to the development of a mechano‐responsive elastomer (i‐DAPU) that exhibited both rapid self‐healing (72 µm min−1) and impressive sensitivity (7012.05 kPa−1). Leveraging the dual functionalities of i‐DAPU in tandem with deep learning algorithms, a sophisticated system is devised for intelligently analyzing neural conditions in comatose patients based on muscle strength, achieving a remarkable 99.2% accuracy rate, holding significant promise for healthcare applications.
Different Nucleation Mechanisms during Atomic Layer Deposition of HfS2 on Cobalt Oxide Surfaces
Authors: Fickenscher Georg , Sidorenko Nikolai , Mikulinskaya Kira , Libuda Jörg 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe atomic layer deposition (ALD) of HfS2 is investigated on atomically defined CoO(100) and CoO(111) surfaces under ultrahigh‐vacuum (UHV) conditions. The ALD process is performed by sequential dosing of the precursors tetrakis(dimethylamido)hafnium (TDMAH) and deuterium sulfide (D2S) separated by purging periods. The growth and nucleation reactions are monitored by in situ infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS). HfS2 films nucleate and grow on both cobalt oxide surfaces, despite the fact that CoO(100) lacks acidic protons and CoO(111) exposes only very few OH groups at defects. On these OH‐free or OH‐lean surfaces, the nucleation step involves a Lewis acid‐base reaction instead. The stoichiometry of the ─Hf(NMe2)x nuclei changes during the first ALD half cycle. On CoO(100), the split‐off ligands bind as ─NMe2 to surface cobalt ions. The nucleation on CoO(111) is more complex and the split‐off ligands undergo dehydrogenation to form various surface species with C═N double and C≡N triple bonds and surface OH. These findings reveal a new nucleation mechanism for ALD in the absence of acidic protons and show that other factors such as Lewis acidity, surface structure, and surface reactivity must also be considered in the nucleation event.
Electromagnetic Cellularized Patch with Wirelessly Electrical Stimulation for Promoting Neuronal Differentiation and Spinal Cord Injury Repair
Authors: Wang Liang , Zhao Hongbo , Han Min , Yang Hongru , Lei Ming , Wang Wenhan , Li Keyi , Li Yiwei , Sang Yuanhua , Xin Tao , Liu Hong , Qiu Jichuan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAlthough stem cell therapy holds promise for the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI), its practical applications are limited by the low degree of neural differentiation. Electrical stimulation is one of the most effective ways to promote the differentiation of stem cells into neurons, but conventional wired electrical stimulation may cause secondary injuries, inflammation, pain, and infection. Here, based on the high conductivity of graphite and the electromagnetic induction effect, graphite nanosheets with neural stem cells (NSCs) are proposed as an electromagnetic cellularized patch to generate in situ wirelessly pulsed electric signals under a rotating magnetic field for regulating neuronal differentiation of NSCs to treat SCI. The strength and frequency of the induced voltage can be controlled by adjusting the rotation speed of the magnetic field. The generated pulsed electrical signals promote the differentiation of NSCs into functional mature neurons and increase the proportion of neurons from 12.5% to 33.7%. When implanted in the subarachnoid region of the injured spinal cord, the electromagnetic cellularized patch improves the behavioral performance of the hind limbs and the repair of spinal cord tissue in SCI mice. This work opens a new avenue for remote treatment of SCI and other nervous system diseases.
A Functional InDel in the WRKY10 Promoter Controls the Degree of Flesh Red Pigmentation in Apple
Authors: Wang Nan , Liu Wenjun , Mei Zhuoxin , Zhang Shuhui , Zou Qi , Yu Lei , Jiang Shenghui , Fang Hongcheng , Zhang Zongying , Chen Zijing , Wu Shujing , Cheng Lailiang , Chen Xuesen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMYB transcription factors have been linked to anthocyanin synthesis and various color phenotypes in plants. In apple, MYB10 confers a red‐flesh phenotype due to a minisatellite insertion in its R6 promoter, but R6:MYB10 genotypes exhibit various degrees of red pigmentation in the flesh, suggesting the involvement of other genetic factors. Here, it is shown that MdWRKY10, a transcription factor identified via DNA pull‐down trapping, binds to the promoter of MdMYB10 and activates its transcription. MdWRKY10 specifically interacts with the WDR protein MdTTG1 to join the apple MYB‐bHLH‐WDR (MBW) complex, which significantly enhances its transcriptional activation activity. A 163‐bp InDel detected in the promoter region of the alleles of MdWRKY10 in a hybrid population of identical heterozygous genotypes regarding R6 by structural variation analysis, contains a typical W‐box element that MdWRKY10 binds to for transactivation. This leads to increased transcript levels of MdWRKY10 and MdMYB10 and enhanced anthocyanin synthesis in the flesh, largely accounting for the various degrees of flesh red pigmentation in the R6 background. These findings reveal a novel regulatory role of the WRKY‐containing protein complex in the formation of red flesh apple phenotypes and provide broader insights into the molecular mechanism governing anthocyanin synthesis in plants.
Virus‐Induced Histone Lactylation Promotes Virus Infection in Crustacean
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhang Xiaobo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAs “non‐cellular organisms”, viruses need to infect living cells to survive themselves. The virus infection must alter host's metabolisms. However, the influence of the metabolites from the altered metabolisms of virus‐infected host cells on virus‐host interactions remains largely unclear. To address this issue, shrimp, a representative species of crustaceans, is challenged with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in this study. The in vivo results presented that the WSSV infection enhanced shrimp glycolysis, leading to the accumulation of lactate. The lactate accumulation in turn promoted the site‐specific histone lactylation (H3K18la and H4K12la) in a p300/HDAC1/HDAC3‐dependent manner. H3K18la and H4K12la are enriched in the promoters of 75 target genes, of which the H3K18la and H4K12la modification upregulated the expression of ribosomal protein S6 kinases 2 (S6K2) in the virus‐infected hosts to promote the virus infection. Further data revealed that the virus‐encoded miR‐N20 targeted hypoxia inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) to inhibit the host glycolysis, leading to the suppression of H3K18la and H4K12la. Therefore, the findings contributed novel insights into the effects and the underlying mechanism of the virus‐induced histone lactylation on the virus‐host interactions, providing new targets for the control of virus infection.