bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Omega-3 fatty acids status in human subjects estimated using a food frequency questionnaire and plasma phospholipids levels
Authors: Garneau Véronique , Rudkowska Iwona , Paradis Ann-Marie , Godin Gaston , Julien Pierre , Pérusse Louis , Vohl Marie-Claude 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background
Intakes of omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids (FA) are associated with several health benefits. The aim of this study was to verify whether intakes of n-3 FA estimated from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) correlate with n-3 FA levels measured in plasma phospholipids (PL).

Methods
The study sample consisted of 200 French-Canadians men and women aged between 18 to 55 years. Dietary data were collected using a validated FFQ. Fasting blood samples were collected and the plasma PL FA profile was measured by gas chromatography.

Results
Low intakes of n-3 long-chain FA together with low percentages of n-3 long-chain FA in plasma PL were found in French-Canadian population. Daily intakes of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were similar between men and women. Yet, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and total n-3 FA intakes were significantly higher in men compared to women (ALA: 2.28 g and 1.69 g, p < 0.0001, total n-3 FA: 2.57 g and 1.99 g, p < 0.0001; respectively). In plasma PL, DPA and DHA percentages were significantly different between men and women (DPA: 1.03% and 0.88%, p < 0.0001, DHA: 3.00% and 3.43%, p = 0.0005; respectively). Moreover, DHA (men: r = 0.52, p < 0.0001; women: r = 0.57, p < 0.0001) and total n-3 FA (men: r = 0.47, p < 0.0001; women: r = 0.52, p < 0.0001) intakes were positively correlated to their respective plasma PL FA levels. In women, EPA (r = 0.44, p < 0.0001) and DPA (r = 0.23, p = 0.02) intakes were also correlated respectively with EPA and DPA plasma PL FA percentages.

Conclusion
Estimated n-3 long-chain FA intake among this young and well-educated French-Canadian population is lower than the recommendations. Further, FFQ data is comparable to plasma PL results to estimate DHA and total n-3 FA status in healthy individuals as well as to evaluate the EPA and DPA status in women. Overall, this FFQ could be used as a simple, low-cost tool in future studies to rank n-3 FA status of individuals.
Validity of activity monitors in health and chronic disease: a systematic review
Authors: Van Remoortel Hans , Giavedoni Santiago , Raste Yogini , Burtin Chris , Louvaris Zafeiris , Gimeno-Santos Elena , Langer Daniel , Glendenning Alastair , Hopkinson Nicholas S , Vogiatzis Ioannis , Peterson Barry T , Wilson Frederick , Mann Bridget , Rabinovich Roberto , Puhan Milo A , Troosters Thierry ,   PROactive consortium
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe assessment of physical activity in healthy populations and in those with chronic diseases is challenging. The aim of this systematic review was to identify whether available activity monitors (AM) have been appropriately validated for use in assessing physical activity in these groups. Following a systematic literature search we found 134 papers meeting the inclusion criteria; 40 conducted in a field setting (validation against doubly labelled water), 86 in a laboratory setting (validation against a metabolic cart, metabolic chamber) and 8 in a field and laboratory setting. Correlation coefficients between AM outcomes and energy expenditure (EE) by the criterion method (doubly labelled water and metabolic cart/chamber) and percentage mean differences between EE estimation from the monitor and EE measurement by the criterion method were extracted. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to pool the results across studies where possible. Types of devices were compared using meta-regression analyses. Most validation studies had been performed in healthy adults (n = 118), with few carried out in patients with chronic diseases (n = 16). For total EE, correlation coefficients were statistically significantly lower in uniaxial compared to multisensor devices. For active EE, correlations were slightly but not significantly lower in uniaxial compared to triaxial and multisensor devices. Uniaxial devices tended to underestimate TEE (−12.07 (95%CI; -18.28 to −5.85) %) compared to triaxial (−6.85 (95%CI; -18.20 to 4.49) %, p = 0.37) and were statistically significantly less accurate than multisensor devices (−3.64 (95%CI; -8.97 to 1.70) %, p<0.001). TEE was underestimated during slow walking speeds in 69% of the lab validation studies compared to 37%, 30% and 37% of the studies during intermediate, fast walking speed and running, respectively. The high level of heterogeneity in the validation studies is only partly explained by the type of activity monitor and the activity monitor outcome. Triaxial and multisensor devices tend to be more valid monitors. Since activity monitors are less accurate at slow walking speeds and information about validated activity monitors in chronic disease populations is lacking, proper validation studies in these populations are needed prior to their inclusion in clinical trials.
Central vein stenosis in a dialysis patient: a case report
Authors: Gottmann Uwe , Sadick Maliha , Kleinhuber Kathrin , Benck Urs , Huck Kurt , Krämer Bernhard K , Birck Rainer 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Introduction
Central vein stenosis is not a rare problem in patients on dialysis. Placement of a central vein catheter for dialysis access substantially increases the risk of central vein stenosis. However, even in patients without a previous history of central vein catheter placement, a stenosis can be found in up to 40% of patients.

Case presentation
We report the case of a 60-year-old male Caucasian German dialysis patient who complained of dry cough, swelling of his right arm and facial edema. Computed tomography venography showed a near-total stenosis of his brachiocephalic vein. We discuss the incidence and risk of central vein stenosis in patients on dialysis and report on a successful minimally invasive interventional treatment.

Conclusion
Central vein stenosis is not a rare problem in patients on hemodialysis and can even occur without previous placement of central venous catheters. High shunt volumes seem to increase the risk associated with central vein catheters.
Predicting qualitative phenotypes from microarray data – the Eadgene pig data set
Authors: Robert-Granié Christèle , Lê Cao Kim-Anh , SanCristobal Magali 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this work was to study the performances of 2 predictive statistical tools on a data set that was given to all participants of the Eadgene-SABRE Post Analyses Working Group, namely the Pig data set of Hazard et al. (2008). The data consisted of 3686 gene expressions measured on 24 animals partitioned in 2 genotypes and 2 treatments. The objective was to find biomarkers that characterized the genotypes and the treatments in the whole set of genes.MethodsWe first considered the Random Forest approach that enables the selection of predictive variables. We then compared the classical Partial Least Squares regression (PLS) with a novel approach called sparse PLS, a variant of PLS that adapts lasso penalization and allows for the selection of a subset of variables.ResultsAll methods performed well on this data set. The sparse PLS outperformed the PLS in terms of prediction performance and improved the interpretability of the results.ConclusionWe recommend the use of machine learning methods such as Random Forest and multivariate methods such as sparse PLS for prediction purposes. Both approaches are well adapted to transcriptomic data where the number of features is much greater than the number of individuals.
Mild therapeutic hypothermia alters neuron specific enolase as an outcome predictor after resuscitation: 97 prospective hypothermia patients compared to 133 historical non-hypothermia patients
Authors: Steffen Ingo G , Hasper Dietrich , Ploner Christoph J , Schefold Joerg C , Dietz Ekkehart , Martens Frank , Nee Jens , Krueger Anne , Jörres Achim , Storm Christian 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Neuron specific enolase (NSE) has been proven effective in predicting neurological outcome after cardiac arrest with a current cut off recommendation of 33 μg/l. However, most of the corresponding studies were conducted before the introduction of mild therapeutic hypothermia (MTH). Therefore we conducted a study investigating the association between NSE and neurological outcome in patients treated with MTH

Methods
In this prospective observational cohort study the data of patients after cardiac arrest receiving MTH (n = 97) were consecutively collected and compared with a retrospective non-hypothermia (NH) group (n = 133). Serum NSE was measured 72 hours after admission to ICU. Neurological outcome was classified according to the Pittsburgh cerebral performance category (CPC 1 to 5) at ICU discharge.

Results
NSE serum levels were significantly lower under MTH compared to NH in univariate analysis. However, in a linear regression model NSE was affected significantly by time to return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and ventricular fibrillation rhythm but not by MTH. The model for neurological outcome identified NSE, NSE*MTH (interaction) as well as time to ROSC as significant predictors. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed a higher cutoff value for unfavourable outcome (CPC 3 to 5) with a specificity of 100% in the hypothermia group (78.9 μg/l) compared to the NH group (26.9 μg/l).

Conclusions
Recommended cutoff levels for NSE 72 hours after ROSC do not reliably predict poor neurological outcome in cardiac arrest patients treated with MTH. Prospective multicentre trials are required to re-evaluate NSE cutoff values for the prediction of neurological outcome in patients treated with MTH.
Forgotten Expedition into Guinea, West Africa, 1815–17: an Editor's Comments
Authors: Mouser Bruce L. 
Published: July 2012

Late in 1818 Major William Gray (Royal African Corps) and Staff Surgeon (Captain) Duncan Dochard (RAC) launched a mission of discovery along the Gambia River, intending to determine the source of the Niger River and follow its course to the point that it flowed into an inland sea or emptied into an ocean. That expedition consisted of no fewer than 62 military personnel, 31 formally appointed civilians, and likely an equal number of unofficial Africans who had taken advantage from a large and well-armed entourage for security along the path. That expedition, which lasted for more than two years, was moderately successful, but it failed in its larger objectives. It returned to the coast eventually without even reaching Timbuktu. Its leaders produced a monograph, published in 1825, that confirmed many observations made earlier by Mungo Park.The Gray/Dochard expedition, while admirable in its efforts and intent, was not the first, however, to make this particular attempt. Indeed, planning for this expeditionary cycle began in London during the summer of 1815, and was part of a larger government-sponsored plan to trace the course of the Niger, clarify the circumstances of the death of Mungo Park, and perhaps return his remains and personal property to the coast. The expedition's planners also hoped to resolve suggestions that the Niger might drain into an inland lake, might evaporate in the desert, or might join with the Nile, Congo, or another river before reaching Africa's coast. No less important was a concern in 1815 that the end of warfare on the European continent would bring a resurgence of French commercial and imperial interests.
Metaphysics H 6 and the Problem of Unity
Authors: Kim Hye-Kyung 
Published: July 2012

What Aristotle's main concern is in Metaphysics H 6 has long puzzled commentators. In this paper I argued for a novel, deflationary interpretation of that chapter: Aristotle's main concern is to argue for the causeless unity of the definitions of form and of composite substance. The problem he is grappling with arises from a combination of (a) speaking about the parts of form and the parts of composite substances, and (b) the principle that parts of a whole need a unifying cause in order to be one and not many. If both form and composite particulars need a unifying cause, form cannot be primary substance, and composite substances, as composites of form and matter, cannot be true unities, but must be mere heaps of material parts which need a third unifying cause. Aristotle argues that although (a) and (b) seemingly threaten his theory of substance with incoherence, the problem can be easily solved if the unity of definitions of form and of composite substance are properly seen as causeless. In the course of clarifying and defending this reading of H6, a number of alternative interpretations are exposed and criticized.
An analysis of the German perfekt
Authors: Klein Wolfgang 
Published: July 2012

The German Perfekt has two quite different temporal readings, as illustrated by the two possible continuations of the sentence Peter hat gearbeitet in i, ii, respectively: i. Peter hat gearbeitet und ist müde. Peter has worked and is tired. ii. Peter hat gearbeitet und wollte nicht gestört werden. Peter has worked and wanted not to be disturbed. The first reading essentially corresponds to the English present perfect; the second can take a temporal adverbial with past time reference ('yesterday at five', 'when the phone rang', and so on), and an English translation would require a past tense ('Peter worked/was working'). This article shows that the Perfekt has a uniform temporal meaning that results systematically from the interaction of its three components—finiteness marking, auxiliary and past participle—and that the two readings are the consequence of a structural ambiguity. This analysis also predicts the properties of other participle constructions, in particular the passive in German.
Evaluation of Dispersants for Drilling Fluids based on Manganese Tetraoxide
Authors: Al Moajil Abdullah M. , Rehman Abdul , Al-Bagoury Mohamed , Nasr-El-Din Hisham A. , Steele Christopher D. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
This paper evaluated dispersants for high densityinvert-emulsion drilling fluids weighted with manganese tetroxide (Mn3O4) particles for high temperature applications. Additionally, the use of dispersants to control the reaction of cleaning fluid with Mn3O4-based filter cake was studied. The dispersants selectedare non-toxic to aquatic organisms and biodegradable. Adding dispersants to the drilling fluid will result in reduced sag, rheological properties, and low fluid-loss.
Three dispersants (A, B, and C)improved the flow behavior Oil-based drilling fluids weighted mainly with manganese tetraoxide particles. They are based on ethoxylated alcohol and polyether carboxylic acid. Dispersant A was anionic and dispersants B and C were non-ionic. In addition, three dispersants (D, E, and F) showed excellent results in controlling the reaction rate of cleaning fluids with manganese tetraoxide particles. Dispersant D was based on sulfonic acid, dispersant E was based on phosphate ester, and dispersant F was based on malic acid copolymer.
Dispersant B showed improved the rheological/filtration properties and sag before/after heat aging at 400°F and 16 hours aging time for Mn3O4 oil-based drilling fluids (1.9 SG) than fluids with or without dispersants A or C. Combination of ionic and non-ionic dispersants improved the filtration properties of oil-based drilling fluids (2.1 SG) weighted mainly with manganese tetraoxide particles. Using dispersant E, the reaction rate of lactic acid/Mn3O4 system was the lowest, followed by dispersant F, and then dispersant D. Dispersants D, E, and F can be used as additives in the cleaning fluid formulation to control the reaction with Mn3O4-based filter cake.
Real-Time Bed Boundary Mapping And Formation DIP Image To Navigate Horizontal Well At Channel Sand Case Study: Niru Field - Pertamina UBEP Limau
Authors: Natsir Muhammad , Hasani Nurul , Nasiruddin Tubagus , Setiawan Adjie , Willian Yus , Panjaitan Julianta P. , Reynolds Laurence 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
PERTAMINA EP's Niru field development objective is to drain attic oil from the X0 sandstones. The thin fluvial-distributary channel environment of the reservoir brings drilling challenges due to the complex reservoir geometry and uncertain lateral continuity. A horizontal well was planned in order to maximize recovery of oil in this mature oil field well.
An integrated LWD solution combining fit for purpose real time measurements from a continuous rotating bottom hole assembly, bed boundary mapping tool, formation images with real time correlation and Geosteering software, was used to steer the well in real time. The real time monitoring of petrophysical parameters, enabled TD to be decided after achieving maximum exposure to the reservoir. In addition, the analysis of dip information from formation images acquired while drilling enabled an important update to the field geological model to be made, while highlighting the limitations in reservoir characterisation of using data from vertical wells drilled into a structure with lateral variations
The improved understanding of the reservoir, as well as the capabilities of the deep directional resistivity tool to locate and map the roof of the reservoir while drilling, enabled the wellbore to be maintained 1 -2 m below it.
This precise and accurate positioning of the wellbore in the reservoir sweet spot, resulted in the sustained production of oil at a rate almost 4 times higher than expected with the addition of low water cut.
The benefits of real time bed boundary mapping and well placement techniques have led to both a better understanding of the X0 channel sandstones reservoir, and a direct change in the development strategy of the field by Pertamina EP. This will now include further horizontal wells, which are now considered to be essential to the successful development of the Niru field, for draining oil from the thin (2-4 m thick) reservoir, which was previously thought to be impossible.
Fighting Wellbore Instability: Customizing Drilling Fluids Based on Laboratory Studies of Shale-Fluid Interactions
Authors: Gomez Sandra , He Wenwu 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Drilling of shale has long been a challenge due to its strong potential for wellbore instability. Designing of drilling fluids which minimize the interaction with shale is critical in the success of these drilling practices.
Shale instability is mainly related to its abundance of clay content, distribution of reactive clays such as smectite, bedding and thin laminae (fissility). In many situations, small faults and fractures may intersect laminated shale, which causes the rock to crack in various directions. Though shale has many common properties, each shale formation has specific features in clay minerals, rock structures, and deformation properties; consequently their response to drilling fluids varies. As a result, our goal is to understand the petrologic and deformation features of each specific shale formation and their potential interactions with various drilling fluids.
The traditional laboratory methods such as dispersion test, bulk hardness test, and swelling test cannot fully reflect the impacts of rock structure on fracture development and rock failing. This can be compensated by immersion test which is designed to directly observe the rock-fluid interactions and fracture development. Our laboratory test results indicate that the composition and concentration of chemical additives in drilling fluids have significant impact on controlling and reducing the interaction between shale and fluids. Based on laboratory studies, we have designed custom drilling fluids for many shale formations around the world. The custom drilling fluids reduce the inherent wellbore instability found in drilling shales.
The Drilling Technique Of The Parallel Horizontal Well Of Steam-Assisted Gravity Draingage And Vertical Well Connectivity
Authors: Nie Minghu , Zhang Wenbo , Lu Zongyu , Wang Zhaofei , Liu Yingbiao 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
To address the unfavorable thermal recovery factor of abundant ultra-viscous oil resources using vertical and horizontal wells in Xinjiang's Fengcheng Oilfield, Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) parallel horizontal wells were experimentally drilled in block A in 2008, which delivered on 100% encountering rate of oil formations and controlled the wellbore trajectories within the design. However, the production witnessed difficulties in setting oil well pumps and insufficient submergence depth. To tackle this issue, a drilling test to connect one of the SAGD parallel horizontal wells and the vertical well was performed. With several pioneering technologies in China, the test succeeded and created a new technological approach for the development of ultra-viscous oil in Xinjiang Oilfield.
This paper describes the principle, process, and equipment of the drilling technology in the test, analyzes the field results of the section milling of large size casing, under-reaming of the intersection interval, intersection between a horizontal well and a vertical well, and down-hole gravel packing, and presents comments on the field application and future development of the technology.
Development and Application of Adjustable Frequency Pulse Jet Generating Tool to Improve Rate of Penetration in Deep Wells
Authors: Cui Longlian , Zhang Fucheng , Wang Haige , Ge Yuhua , Zhuo Lubin , Hong Li 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Improving the rate of penetration in deep well is long-term problems for drilling industry. Pulsed jet drilling which has been proved in field, is a cost-effective way to improve the rate of penetration. An Adjustable frequency pulsed jet generating tool was developed in this paper. The main parts of the adjustable frequency pulsed jet generating tool include turbine, valves, and a resonance pulse chamber. Rotary valve is driven by the turbine. Rotation of the rotary valve causes the state of drilling fluid flow from the continuous to the periodic. So, the periodic flow has frequency and amplitude. In order to obtain higher amplitude, a resonance pulse chamber was used to amplify the amplitude of the periodic drilling fluid flow. The pulsed jet is formed when the periodic drilling fluid flow is issued from the nozzles of the bits. The frequency of the pulsed jet can be easily adjusted by changing the parameters of the rotary valves.
In this paper the working principle of the adjustable frequency pulsed jet generating tool was analyzed. Theoretical calculations and experiments were carried out to reveal the characteristic of the pulsed jet. The effect of the flow rates on the frequency and amplitude of the pulsed jet were studied in detailed. The experiment results show that the pulsed jet with lower frequency and higher amplitude can significantly enhance the rate of penetration in deep wells. The adjustable frequency pulsed jet generating tools have been tested in several wells. The field test results show that the rates of penetration were improved by 15-45% and the tool can meet the operation requirements. Adjustable frequency pulsed jet generating tool as an effective approach to improve ROP, has great application potential in deep well drilling.