bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SOME EFFECTS OF KÖ 1313 IN ANIMALS AND MAN
Authors: EKUE J.M. KOFI , SHANKS R.G. 
Published: July 2012

Kö 1313 competitively inhibited the increases in heart rate produced by isoprenaline in anaesthetized dogs.
Kö 1313 was 35 times more active than propranolol in blocking an isoprenaline induced tachycardia in anaesthetized dogs but only three times more active in blocking the increase in femoral blood flow produced by the injection of isoprenaline into the femoral artery. These observations suggest that Kö 1313 may have some cardio‐selective activity.
When a series of doses of Kö 1313 was injected intravenously into anaesthetized dogs, the lower doses decreased heart rate while the larger doses increased heart rate. The same doses of propranolol reduced heart rate.
In lightly anaesthetized dogs, a series of doses of Kö 1313 progressively increased heart rate while propranolol produced little change. These observations indicate that Kö 1313 has slight intrinsic sympathomimetic activity.
The oral administration of Kö 1313 and propranolol had no effect on resting heart rate in man but reduced the increases produced by head‐up tilt, standing and exercise.
THIOPURINOL: COMPARATIVE ENZYME INHIBITION AND PROTEIN BINDING STUDIES WITH ALLOPURINOL, OXIPURINOL AND 6‐MERCAPTOPURINE
Authors: DEAN B.M. , PERRETT D. , SIMMONDS H.A. , GRAHAME R. 
Published: July 2012

The metabolites of thiopurinol have been investigated in intact human and pig erythrocytes using [6‐ 14C] ‐thiopurinol, high voltage electrophoresis and automated cation exchange chromatography.
Pre‐incubation of human erythrocytes in vitro with thiopurinol increased the formation of hypoxanthine from [8‐14C]‐inosine and simultaneously reduced IMP synthesis.
Reduced inosine formation, following one week of thiopurinol therapy, has also been observed in vitro using the intact red cells from three patients suffering from gout.
Binding of thiopurinol, and to lesser extents of 6‐mercaptopurine, uric acid, oxipurinol and allopurinol, has been demonstrated electrophoretically to human and pig serum proteins.
Thiopurinol is shown to have a greater binding capacity for purified human serum albumin than uric acid or 6‐mercaptopurine at varying substrate and albumin concentrations covering the physiological range. Under these conditions the binding of uric acid is reduced in the presence of thiopurinol.
A comparison of the distribution of thiopurinol, 6‐mercaptopurine, allopurinol and oxipurinol in whole blood has revealed that allopurinol and oxipurinol are not irreversibly bound to cellular proteins; whereas 30% and 13% of the total cellular uptake was irreversibly bound in the case of thiopurinol and 6‐mercaptopurine respectively at substrate levels of 1 nmol per μl blood.
ACUTE EFFECT OF ANTIPYRETIC ANALGESICS, ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH ALCOHOL, ON HUMAN PSYCHOMOTOR SKILLS RELATED TO DRIVING
Authors: LINNOILA M. , SEPPÄLÄ T. , MATTILA M.J. 
Published: July 2012

The effect of acetylsalicylic acid (1 g), indomethacin (50 mg), and phenylbutazone (200 mg) on psychomotor skills was examined double blind on 180 volunteer students. Ninety students received ethyl alcohol (0.5 g/kg) and 90 subjects an equal volume of placebo drink in combination with the drugs.
Psychomotor skills were measured with a choice reaction test, two co‐ordination tests, and a divided attention test, having correlation with traffic behaviour. The subjects assessed their feelings of performance by means of a rating scale. The tests were done 30, 90 and 150 min after the administration of the agents.
Acetylsalicylic acid proved inactive whereas both indomethacin and phenylbutazone impaired eye‐hand co‐ordination and divided attention. Acetylsalicylic acid did not interact with alcohol to a measurable extent whereas indomethacin in combination with alcohol proved less harmful than without it. The deleterious effects of phenylbutazone and alcohol were additive.
An impairment of psychomotor skills related to driving by indomethacin and phenylbutazone should be considered when prescribing these drugs to active out‐patients.
α‐ADRENOCEPTOR BLOCKING DRUGS, PRESSOR RESPONSES TO NORADRENALINE, AND THE ANKLE JERK IN MAN
Authors: DE WHITE C. B. , RICHENS A. 
Published: July 2012

Changes in pressor responses to infused noradrenaline and in triceps surae jerk amplitude have been measured after the i.v. administration of: chlorpromazine, thioridazine, prochlorperazine, dimethothiazine, indoramin, benzoctamine and clonidine.
Each of the drugs blocked pressor responses to noradrenaline and reduced triceps surae jerk amplitude, but little correlation was found between their potencies in the two systems.
The effects of the drugs on the triceps surae jerk are not incompatible with an action at a spinal α‐adrenoceptor site, but other pharmacological factors may be involved, such as penetration of the drugs into the central nervous system, and differences in their uptake1 blocking activity.
ABSORPTION OF DRUGS BY THE LUNG
Authors: SHENFIELD GILLIAN M. , EVANS MARION E. , PATERSON J.W. 
Published: July 2012

Ten patients undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy had radioisotopically labelled drugs put directly into their bronchi; two received sodium cromoglycate, two salbutamol, three salmefamol and three rimiterol.
All four drugs were rapidly absorbed but higher peak plasma levels per unit dose were seen with sodium cromoglycate and salbutamol than with the other two drugs.
It is suggested that the lung metabolizes salmefamol and rimiterol but does not metabolize salbutamol or sodium cromoglycate.
The utilization of solid organs for transplantation in the setting of infection with multidrug‐resistant organisms: an expert opinion
Authors: Bishara Jihad , Goldberg Elad , Lev Shaul , Singer Pierre , Ashkenazi Tamar , Cohen Jonathan 
Published: July 2012

AbstractOrgan transplantation remains the optimal treatment for many patients suffering from end‐stage organ disease. Increasing numbers of patients admitted to intensive care units, among them potential heart‐beating, brain‐dead organ donors, are exposed to infections with multidrug‐resistant organisms, in particular carbapenem‐resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR‐KP). An extensive literature search failed to reveal any information regarding the eligibility for transplantation of organs from such donors. For this reason, in 2009, the Israel Transplant Center, together with the Israeli Society for Infectious Diseases, established a working group with the intention of developing a national‐specific approach to the use of these organs. In this viewpoint article, we present an algorithm based on expert opinion and our clinical experience with a donor who was found to be an asymptomatic carrier of CR‐KP.
Oral immunotherapy in hen’s egg‐allergic children increases a hypo‐proliferative subset of CD4+ T cells that could constitute a marker of tolerance achievement
Authors: Fuentes‐Aparicio Victoria , Alonso‐Lebrero Elena , Zapatero Lidia , Infante Sonsoles , Lorente Raquel , Ángeles Muñoz‐Fernández Ma , Correa‐Rocha Rafael 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground:  Food allergy affects a significant number of children and its prevalence, and persistence is undergoing an important increase in the last years. Specific oral tolerance induction (SOTI) is a promising therapy for food allergy. However, little is known about the immune mechanisms implicated in the desensitization to allergens. Our purpose was to study which immune parameters are modified during the process of tolerance achievement with the goal of identifying markers of tolerance induction.Methods:  We performed an extensive immune analysis in 19 allergic children following SOTI with hen’s egg before and after the immunotherapy. Changes in lymphocyte subpopulations and serum cytokines were identified in children with desensitization achievement.Results:  Sixteen children achieved complete tolerance to egg, and the immune analysis reveals that desensitization was accompanied in all the cases by a significant decrease in the percentage and absolute counts of effector‐memory CD4+ T cells (TEM) and a marked increase in the absolute counts of a subset of CD4+CD38+CD45RO− cells. Additionally, we also observed a marked reduction in the plasma levels of different Th1 and Th2 cytokines after tolerance achievement.Conclusions:  Acquisition of tolerance in children after oral immunotherapy is accompanied by a decrease in the TEM population and the increase in a particular subset of CD4+ T cells with a hypo‐proliferative and non‐reactive phenotype. This hypo‐proliferative subset of cells could constitute a marker of the development of oral tolerance, and the study of this subset could contribute to the better understanding of the immune responses in allergic subjects.
Peanut seed storage proteins are responsible for clinical reactivity in Spanish peanut‐allergic children
Authors: Pedrosa María , Boyano‐Martínez Teresa , García‐Ara María Carmen , Caballero Teresa , Quirce Santiago 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground:  Seed storage proteins (SSP; Ara h 1, Ara h 2, Ara h 3) have been shown to be major peanut allergens, although recently, peanut lipid transfer protein has been reported to be an important allergen in the Mediterranean area. We sought to investigate the sensitization pattern to peanut SSP and vegetable pan‐allergens in a group of peanut‐allergic children compared with a peanut‐tolerant group.Methods:  One hundred and twenty‐three children who presented with food allergy were included in the study. Tolerance to peanut ingestion was assessed. Specific IgE was determined by ImmunoCAP, and microarray ISAC was performed. Sensitization frequencies and levels of specific IgE were compared between groups.Results:  Fifty‐five of 123 children presented symptoms upon contact or ingestion. Frequency of sensitization to Ara h 1, Ara h 2, and Ara h 3 was 60.0%, 72.7%, and 43.6%, respectively, in the group of allergic children vs. 7.4%, 1.5%, and 7.4% in the group of tolerant children. Levels of specific IgE against Ara h 1, Ara h 2, and Ara h 3 were significantly higher in the allergic group (p < 0.001). The frequency of sensitization and the levels of specific IgE against Cor a 8 (36.4% vs. 16.2%) were significantly higher in the allergic children, whereas no significant differences were found for Pru p 3. No differences were seen for other pan‐allergens. Patients sensitized to SSP, regardless of sensitization to nsLTP, were allergic rather than tolerant.Conclusion:  In our population, peanut‐allergic children were mainly sensitive to SSP. A few patients were also sensitive to some nsLTPs. No differences were shown in other pan‐allergens.
Dual diagnosis, as described by those who experience the disorder: Using the Internet as a source of data
Authors: Edward Karen‐Leigh , Robins Alan 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThe complexity of providing treatment for people with dual diagnosis is well recognized. For the purpose of this paper, the World Health Organization definition of dual diagnosis was used; that is, a person diagnosed with an alcohol or drug use problem in addition to mental illness. This research explored the personal narratives of those who experience dual diagnosis using the Internet as a data source. An important consideration in using the Internet as a data source was that Web forums can offer a sense of anonymity, allowing people to share very detailed and personal information, and providing a rich source of qualitative data. The results produced five emergent themes: spiralling out of control – again!, getting help and giving support, treating both the addiction and mental illness, having meaning and being active, and being honest with self and others. The results indicate that individuals who experience dual diagnosis are often left to navigate their personal treatment requirements across two diverse systems, and were generally not satisfied with the conflictual advice received across these two systems (i.e. alcohol and other drug and mental health services). This study has produced valuable insights related to consumer‐perceived service barriers and enablers.
Frequent bird movements across a highly fragmented landscape: the role of species traits and forest matrix
Authors: Neuschulz E. L. , Brown M. , Farwig N. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPrevious studies that tracked the movements of single bird species within human‐modified landscapes have shown that the ability of forest birds to move across matrix habitat differs among species. Functional guild specificity as well as landscape characteristics have been shown to influence bird movements, entailing different movement behaviour of birds within a community. Studies investigating how both these factors influence the movements of entire bird assemblages across fragmented landscapes are essential but have rarely been conducted. In this study, we determined how species’ traits and different forest matrices influence bird movements among nine forest patches in a highly fragmented South African landscape. We combined 90 h of bird observations with capture–mark–recaptures (104 754 mist‐net hours) to distinguish between movements among patches (all birds that conduct long‐distance movements across the landscape) and movements within patches (all resident birds that conduct only short‐distance movements within a fragment). Overall, we detected a high bird movement activity across the fragmented landscape. Dietary specialization, habitat affinity and body mass strongly shaped the relative distribution of bird species across the nine fragments with frugivorous birds, forest specialists and large‐bodied species showing the highest movement abilities. In contrast, resident insectivores and forest generalists tended to move only within particular forest fragments. Our results suggest that remnant forest fragments may represent valuable stepping stones as well as permanent habitat for local bird assemblages. We emphasize that beside the conservation of natural forests, the maintenance of nearby, structurally rich forest fragments is pivotal in maintaining regional forest bird assemblages in human‐modified landscapes.
The Significance of Heart Rate Turbulence in Predicting Major Cardiovascular Events in Patients after Myocardial Infarction Treated Invasively
Authors: Cebula Sylwia , Sredniawa Beata , Kowalczyk Jacek , Musialik‐Lydka Agata , Wozniak Aleksandra , Sedkowska Agnieszka , Swiatkowski Andrzej , Kalarus Zbigniew 
Published: July 2012

Introduction: The role of heart rate turbulence (HRT) related to baroreflex sensitivity in predicting mortality after myocardial infarction (MI) has been confirmed by several investigators. However, the significance of HRT in predicting major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) following acute MI is unknown.Purpose: To analyze the prognostic value of HRT and other independent risk factors associated with autonomic regulation of MACE.Methods: HRT was assessed based on 24‐hour Holter recordings in 500 patients (pts) with acute MI treated invasively (352 M, aged 60.58 years). Turbulence onset (TO,%), slope (TS, ms/RR interval) and timing (TT) were calculated. TO ≥ 0, TS ≤ 2.5 and TT ≥ 10 were considered abnormal; classic and own categories were defined. Time domain heart rate variability (HRV) parameters were also calculated. Within 30.1 ± 15.1 months of follow‐up, MACE occurred in 116 pts.Results: Abnormal TO, TS, and TT were significantly more frequent in patients with MACE (P < 0.05 for each parameter, classic and own categories). In long‐term follow‐up, the largest differences in MACE were observed in patients with own category comprising abnormal TO, TS, and TT. Combining HRT parameters with SDNN (total HRV index) augmented their predictive value. Independent risk factors for MACE were TT, SDNN and rMSSD (a parasympathetic activity index) (HR 2.44, 1.71 and 1.69 respectively; P < 0.05).Conclusion: Abnormal HRT distinguishes patients at risk of MACE after MI. Own category encompassing three abnormal HRT parameters best differentiates patients at risk of MACE. Turbulence timing is a strong independent risk factor for MACE following MI.
Usefulness of Ki‐67 (MIB‐1) immunostaining in the diagnosis of pulmonary sclerosing hemangiomas
Authors: Kim Baek‐hui , Bae Yoon‐sung , Kim Se Hoon , Jeong Hyeong‐jae , Hong Soon Won , Yoon Sun Och 
Published: July 2012

Pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma (PSH) is an uncommon lung neoplasm with a clinical outcome that is generally benign. However, differentiating PSH from pulmonary carcinoma is sometimes difficult as both lesions share similar histopathologic and immunohistochemical features. In this study, we investigated the usefulness of Ki‐67 (MIB‐1) immunostaining in the diagnosis of PSH. We compared the staining pattern for Ki‐67 (MIB‐1) in 29 cases of typical PSH and 79 cases of pulmonary non‐small cell carcinoma (NSCLC) using an immunohistochemical method on formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissues. In all studied PSH cases, we noted cell membrane and cytoplasmic staining for Ki‐67 (MIB‐1), but this was not observed in any of the NSCLC cases. The Ki‐67 proliferation index was lower in PSH than in the NSCLC cases (mean, 1.1% vs mean, 5.5%; p < 0.001). These findings suggest that cell membrane and cytoplasmic staining for Ki‐67 (MIB‐1), as well as the Ki‐67 proliferation index, may be useful for distinguishing PSH from pulmonary carcinoma.
Hip pads reduce the overall risk of injuries in recreational snowboarders
Authors: Ishimaru Daichi , Ogawa Hiroyasu , Wakahara Kazuhiko , Sumi Hiroshi , Sumi Yasuhiko , Shimizu Katsuji 
Published: July 2012

ObjectiveThe purpose is to determine common injuries in recreational snowboarding as targets of preventive strategy and protective gear that reduces the overall risk of these injuries.MethodsThe subjects comprised 5561 injured recreational snowboarders. On the basis of patients’ self-reporting form, ‘the common snowboarding injuries’ (cut-off point >2.0% in prevalence) were decided, and all injured snowboarders were categorised into two groups: common injuries and the other injuries (control). Several factors such as age, gender, self-reported skill level, experienced seasons, experienced days, previous snowboarding school attendance and the use of protective gears (helmet, elbow pads, wrist guards, backbone guard, hip pads and knee pads) were recorded. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate which type of protective gear reduced the overall risk of the common injuries.ResultsThe common snowboarding injuries consisted of eight types, in which distal radial fracture was the most common (17.7%), followed by head injury (9.4%) and clavicle fracture (6.5%). In univariate regression analysis, skill level, experienced seasons, experienced days and the use of hip pads and knee pads were manifested potential risk factors on the common injuries. In subsequent multivariate regression analysis, the use of hip pads was related with a lower overall risk of these common injuries (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.95), specifically that of distal radial fracture and glenohumeral dislocation.ConclusionsThe use of hip pads is recommended for snowboarders as it reduces the overall risk of common snowboarding injuries.
Endovascular therapy yields significantly superior outcomes for large vessel occlusions compared with intravenous thrombolysis: is it time to randomize?
Authors: Rai Ansaar T , Carpenter Jeffrey S , Raghuram Karthikram , Roberts Thomas D , Rodgers Daniel , Hobbs Gerald R 
Published: July 2012

Background and purposeWe compared outcomes between endovascular (EV) therapy and intravenous (IV) thrombolysis in large vessel strokes.Methods223 patients who had received either IV (n=100) or EV (n=123) therapy were analyzed. Only patients with strokes involving the internal carotid artery terminus (ICA-T, n=45), the middle cerebral artery (M1, n=107) or the bifurcation branches (M2, n=71) were included. The primary endpoint was 3 month outcome based on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score, good-outcome defined as mRS ≤2.ResultsThe good outcome was 44.7% in the EV group and 26% in the IV group (p=0.003, OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.3 to 4.1). There was no difference in mortality or hemorrhage. For ICA-T occlusions, the good outcome was 27.6% in the EV and 0% in the IV group (p=0.004); for M1 occlusions, 40.6% in the EV versus 10.5% in the IV group (p=0.0006, OR 5.8, 95% CI 1.9 to 18.2); and for M2 occlusions, 76% in the EV versus 47.8% in the IV group (p=0.01, OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.2 to 10.2). For M1 occlusions, the death rate was 27.5% for the EV compared with 57.9% for the IV group (p=0.002, OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.6 to 8.3) with no difference observed in mortality for ICA-T or M2 occlusions. In the univariate analysis, age, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and occlusion site were significant predictors of outcome and mortality (p<0.0001 for all). In the multivariable analysis, EV therapy (p=0.0004, OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.8 to 9) and younger age (p<0.0001, OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.9 to 0.98) were significant independent predictors of good outcome.ConclusionsThere are significantly higher odds of a favorable outcome with EV compared with IV therapy for large vessel strokes. The data support the rationale of a randomized trial for large vessel occlusions.
Insertion of a myc-tag within α-dystroglycan domains improves its biochemical and microscopic detection
Authors: Morlacchi Simona , Sciandra Francesca , Bigotti Maria Giulia , Bozzi Manuela , Hübner Wolfgang , Galtieri Antonio , Giardina Bruno , Brancaccio Andrea 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background
Epitope tags and fluorescent fusion proteins have become indispensable molecular tools for studies in the fields of biochemistry and cell biology. The knowledge collected on the subdomain organization of the two subunits of the adhesion complex dystroglycan (DG) enabled us to insert the 10 amino acids myc-tag at different locations along the α-subunit, in order to better visualize and investigate the DG complex in eukaryotic cells.

Results
We have generated two forms of DG polypeptides via the insertion of the myc-tag 1) within a flexible loop (between a.a. 170 and 171) that separates two autonomous subdomains, and 2) within the C-terminal domain in position 500. Their analysis showed that double-tagging (the β-subunit is linked to GFP) does not significantly interfere with the correct processing of the DG precursor (pre-DG) and confirmed that the α-DG N-terminal domain is processed in the cell before α-DG reaches its plasma membrane localization. In addition, myc insertion in position 500, right before the second Ig-like domain of α-DG, proved to be an efficient tool for the detection and pulling-down of glycosylated α-DG molecules targeted at the membrane.

Conclusions
Further characterization of these and other myc-permissive site(s) will represent a valid support for the study of the maturation process of pre-DG and could result in the creation of a new class of intrinsic doubly-fluorescent DG molecules that would allow the monitoring of the two DG subunits, or of pre-DG, in cells without the need of antibodies.