bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variations in immunohistochemical preservation of proteins in a mummification model
Authors: Metcalfe Ryan , Freemont Tony 
Published: November 2011

AbstractImmunohistochemistry is an important tool in the investigation of ancient mummified remains because of its ability not only to detect proteins but also to isolate their location to specific tissues and thereby improve confidence that the results are genuine. A mouse model of Egyptian mummification has been used to demonstrate that the survival of proteins, judged by the retention of immunohistochemical staining, varies markedly. Some survive the process well, whereas others become barely detectable despite the morphology of the tissue being excellently preserved. The results obtained show that protein preservation is multi‐factorial, with tissue type and degradation, and the properties of the protein itself all having significant effects. Proteins forming large, multi‐subunit complexes such as collagen IV appear to be more resistant to degradation than those that do not, such as S‐100. Although modern modelling studies cannot replicate the full extent of degradative processes and taphonomic changes experienced by real mummies, the results obtained can be useful for guiding research that requires ancient tissues.
The effects of immobilization on vascular canal orientation in rat cortical bone
Authors: Britz Hayley M. , Jokihaara Jarkko , Leppänen Olli V. , Järvinen Teppo L. N. , Cooper David M. L. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIt is well established that bone is capable of adapting to changes in loading; however, little is known regarding how loading specifically affects the internal 3D microarchitecture of cortical bone. The aim of this study was to experimentally test the hypothesis that loading is a determinant of the 3D orientation of primary vascular canals in the rat tibial diaphysis. Left tibiae from 10 rats (30 weeks old) that had been immobilized (sciatic neurectomy) for 27 weeks, right SHAM‐operated tibiae from these same rats (internal control) and right tibiae from 10 normal age‐matched rats (external control) were scanned by micro‐CT. Mean canal orientation (for the whole bone segment and by region), percent porosity, canal diameter and canal separation were quantitatively assessed in 3D. Canal orientation in the immobilized tibiae was significantly (P < 0.001) more radial (by 9.9°) compared to the external controls but did not differ from the internal controls (P = 0.310). Comparing the external and internal controls, orientation was significantly (P < 0.05) more radial in the internal control group (by 6.8°). No differences were found for percent porosity and canal separation. Canal diameter was significantly greater in the immobilized vs. internal (P < 0.001) and external control (P < 0.001) tibiae. The differences in orientation relative to the external controls indicated that the organization of cortical bone in the rat is affected by loading. Although the predicted difference in canal orientation was not detected between immobilized and internal control groups, the distributions of individual canal orientations, from which the mean values were derived, revealed distinctive patterns for all three groups. The internal controls exhibited an intermediate position between the immobilized and external controls, suggesting that paralysis on the contralateral side resulted in altered loading relative to the normal state represented by the external control. This was also evident in a regional analysis by quadrant. The loaded bones had the same cross‐sectional shape; however, their internal structure differed. These results provide novel insights into the impact of loading on the 3D organization of primary cortical bone and have implications for understanding the relation between cortical bone adaptation, disease and mechanical properties.
Functional neural correlates of psychometric schizotypy: An fMRI study of antisaccades
Authors: Aichert Désirée S. , Williams Steven C.R. , Möller Hans‐Jürgen , Kumari Veena , Ettinger Ulrich 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDimensional models of psychosis assume a continuum between schizotypy and schizophrenia. However, little is known about the overlap in brain functional alterations between schizotypy and schizophrenia. Fifty‐four healthy volunteers underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during an antisaccade task, a measure of cognitive control known to be impaired in schizophrenia, and a prosaccade task. Higher positive schizotypy was correlated with higher antisaccade error rates. Associations between reduced blood oxygenation level dependent signal and higher schizotypy were found during antisaccades in the putamen, thalamus, cerebellum, and visual cortex and during prosaccades in the visual cortex, supplementary eye field, and posterior intraparietal sulcus. These findings show that increased schizotypy is associated with decreased antisaccade performance and reduced brain function in regions also affected in schizophrenia, therefore providing evidence of neurocognitive and neurophysiological overlap between schizotypy and schizophrenia.
Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitor and Statin Use and Incident Mobility Limitation in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults: The Health, Aging and Body Composition Study
Authors: Gray Shelly L. , Boudreau Robert M. , Newman Anne B. , Studenski Stephanie A. , Shorr Ronald I. , Bauer Douglas C. , Simonsick Eleanor M. , Hanlon Joseph T. ,   for the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study
Published: November 2011

ObjectivesTo evaluate whether the use of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and statins is associated with a lower risk of incident mobility limitation in older community dwelling adults.DesignLongitudinal cohort study.SettingHealth, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) study.ParticipantsThree thousand fifty‐five participants who were well functioning at baseline (no mobility limitations).MeasurementsSummated standardized daily doses (low, medium, high) and duration of ACE inhibitor and statin use were computed. Mobility limitation (two consecutive self‐reports of having any difficulty walking one‐quarter of a mile or climbing 10 steps without resting) was assessed every 6 months after baseline. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses were conducted, adjusting for demographics, health status, and health behaviors.ResultsAt baseline, 15.2% used ACE inhibitors and 12.9% used statins; use of both was greater than 25% by Year 6. Over 6.5 years of follow‐up, 49.8% had developed mobility limitation. In separate multivariable models, neither ACE inhibitor (multivariate hazard ratio (HR) = 0.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.82–1.09) nor statin use (multivariate HR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.87–1.17) was associated with lower risk of mobility limitation. Similar findings were seen in analyses examining dose–response and duration–response relationships and a sensitivity analysis restricted to those with hypertension.ConclusionACE inhibitors and statins widely prescribed to treat hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, respectively, do not lower risk of mobility limitation, an important indicator of quality of life.
Avulsion injury and levator hiatal ballooning: two independent risk factors for prolapse? An observational study
Authors: DIETZ HANS PETER , FRANCO ANNA V.M. , SHEK KA LAI , KIRBY ADRIENNE 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjective. To study whether avulsion and ballooning are independent risk factors for symptoms and/or signs of pelvic organ prolapse. Design. Retrospective analysis of data obtained in clinical practice. Setting. Tertiary urogynecology unit. Population. Seven hundred and sixty‐one consecutive women with symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction. Methods. Evaluation included history, vaginal examination and four‐dimensional translabial ultrasound. Ultrasound analysis was performed off‐line, blinded against clinical data. Hiatal dimensions were measured at the plane of minimal hiatal dimensions. Puborectalis avulsion was identified using tomographic imaging. Main outcome measures. Symptoms and objective signs of prolapse (ICS POP‐Q stage 2+). Results. Owing to previous surgery 156 women were excluded, leaving 605, of whom 258 (43%) had prolapse symptoms. Significant prolapse (International Continence Society Prolapse Quantification System grade 2+) was identified as follows: cystocele in 222 (37%) women, rectocele in 159 (27%) and apical in 40 (8%), while 110 (18%) had an avulsion. There was a strong association between avulsion, hiatal ballooning and symptoms/signs of prolapse (p < 0.001). On multivariable backwards stepwise logistic regression, puborectalis avulsion was associated with an increased risk of symptoms and signs of prolapse, even after allowing for the degree of levator ballooning. The presence of avulsion did not modify the relation between hiatal area and symptoms of prolapse. Conclusions. Puborectalis avulsion injury and levator hiatal ballooning are independent risk factors for symptoms and signs of prolapse. The role of avulsion in the pathogenesis of prolapse is not fully explained by its effect on hiatal dimensions. It is likely that avulsion implies not only muscular trauma but also damage to structures impossible to assess clinically or by imaging, i.e. myofascial and connective tissue.
Azithromycin in periodontal treatment: more than an antibiotic
Authors: Hirsch R. , Deng H. , Laohachai M. N. 
Published: November 2011

Hirsch R, Deng H, Laohachai MN. Azithromycin in periodontal treatment: more than an antibiotic. J Periodont Res 2012; 47: 137–148. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/SAzithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used extensively in medicine for the treatment of a wide range of infections such as upper respiratory tract infections, middle ear infections, sexually transmitted infections and trachoma. It is also effective against the most common periodontopathogens. The versatility of the macrolides extends beyond their antibiotic properties as a result of their well‐documented immune‐modulating/anti‐inflammatory effects. Macrolides, including azithromycin, are therefore used to treat diseases not associated with bacteria, such as severe asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and, more recently, cystic fibrosis. Azithromycin is concentrated in neutrophils, macrophages and particularly fibroblasts; all of these cells are central players in the pathogenesis of most periodontal diseases. This paper reviews the diverse properties of azithromycin and the clinical periodontal studies of its effects in both the treatment of periodontitis and in resolving drug‐related gingival overgrowth. Evidence exists to support the use of a single course of azithromycin in the treatment of advanced periodontal diseases. Azithromycin could have a triple role in the treatment and resolution of periodontal diseases: suppressing periodontopathogens, anti‐inflammatory activity and healing through persistence at low levels in macrophages and fibroblasts in periodontal tissues, even after a single course of three tablets. If future periodontal research confirms these properties, it could become a valuable host‐modulator in periodontal treatment.
Initiation of microtopography in re‐vegetated cutover peatlands: evolution of plant species composition
Authors: Pouliot Rémy , Rochefort Line , Karofeld Edgar 
Published: November 2011

AbstractQuestionsHow has plant species composition changed following initiation of microstructures in re‐vegetated cutover peatlands? How many years are required for plant species composition of re‐vegetated cutover peatlands to resemble natural boreal bogs?LocationNewly formedSphagnumcarpets on restored, cutover peatlands (inCanada) or re‐vegetated spontaneously after site abandonment (inEstonia) and on undisturbed natural bogs nearby.MethodsPlant frequencies (point intercept method) and abundances (vegetation quadrats) were assessed along linear transects. At each assessment point, moss surface height was measured relative to a local reference point (lowest point on a given transect) to associate frequencies or abundances to a position in the gradient of microtopography.PCAs (separately forCanada andEstonia) were conducted to follow evolution of plant species frequency in the gradient of microtopography in re‐vegetated sites and similarity with those of natural peatlands. InCanada, regressions were also performed to estimate relationships between moss surface height and vascular plant cover (ericaceous shrubs andCyperaceae) as well as time required for vascular plant cover to become similar to that of natural bogs.ResultsSpecies composition was still dissimilar to microstructures of natural bogs 10 yr post‐restoration and 70 yr post‐abandonment; however, some trends were observed in re‐vegetated peatlands. The greatest differences were for ericaceous species (two‐ to three‐fold less abundant in re‐vegetated peatlands), dominantCyperaceae, and relative proportions ofSphagnum. In addition, hummock formation was closely related to dense (>50%) ericaceous cover.ConclusionsAll species tolerant to abiotic conditions prevailing in re‐vegetated sites contributed to initiation of microtopography, although some species were found in atypical positions within the gradient of microtopography. Random events and establishment priority seemed initially to be more important in temporal evolution of microstructures than plant interactions. However, ecological restoration could effectively reduced time needed for species occurrences to approach those in natural peatlands, relative to time required for recovery of spontaneously re‐vegetated peat extraction sites.
Near‐Infrared Exposure Changes Cellular Responses to Ionizing Radiation
Authors: Heselich Anja , Frohns Florian , Frohns Antonia , Naumann Steffen C. , Layer Paul G. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractNear infrared (NIR) and X‐rays are radiations from different sides of the wavelength spectrum but both are used during medical treatments, as they have severe impacts on cellular processes, including metabolism, gene expression, proliferation and survival. However, both radiations differ strictly in their consequences for exposed patients: NIR effects are generally supposed to be positive, mostly ascribed to a stimulation of metabolism, whereas X‐ray leads to genetic instability, an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damages and finally to cellular death by apoptosis in tumor cells. Since genomic stability after X‐irradiation depends on the mitochondrial metabolism, which is well known to be regulated by NIR, we analyzed the impact of NIR on cellular responses of fibroblasts, retinal progenitor cells and keratinocytes to X‐radiation. Our data show that previous exposure to naturally occurring doses of nonthermal NIR combined with clinically relevant X‐ray doses leads to (1) increased genomic instability, indicated by elevated ratios of mitotic catastrophes, (2) increased ROS, (3) higher amounts of X‐irradiated cells entering S‐phase and (4) impaired DNA double‐strand break repair. Taken together, our data show tremendous effects of NIR on cellular responses to X‐rays, probably affecting the results of radiotherapy after NIR exposure during cancer treatment.
How prokaryotes deal with arsenic†
Authors: Slyemi Djamila , Bonnefoy Violaine 
Published: November 2011

SummaryArsenic is a notorious poison classified as a carcinogen, a teratogen and a clastogen that ranks number one on the Environmental Protection Agency's priority list of drinking water contaminants. It is ubiquitous and relatively abundant in the Earth's crust. Its mobilization in waters by weathering, volcanic, anthropogenic or biological activities represents a major hazard to public health, exemplified in India and Bangladesh where 50 million people are acutely at risk. Since basically the origin of life, microorganisms have been exposed to this toxic compound and have evolved a variety of resistance mechanisms, such as extracellular precipitation, chelation, intracellular sequestration, active extrusion from the cell or biochemical transformation (redox or methylation). Arsenic efflux systems are widespread and are found in nearly all organisms. Some microorganisms are also able to utilize this metalloid as a metabolic energy source through either arsenite oxidation or arsenate reduction. The energy metabolism involving redox reactions of arsenic has been suggested to have evolved during early life on Earth. This review highlights the different systems evolved by prokaryotes to cope with arsenic and how they participate in its biogeochemical cycle.
Ethnobotanical and scientific aspects of Malva sylvestris L.: a millennial herbal medicine
Authors: Gasparetto João Cleverson , Martins Cleverson Antônio Ferreira , Hayashi Sirlei Sayomi , Otuky Michel Fleith , Pontarolo Roberto 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Objectives
Malva sylvestris L., known as common mallow, is native to Europe, North Africa and Asia. In the Mediterranean region, this species has a long history of use as food, and due to its therapeutic relevance, some parts of this plant have been employed in traditional and ethnoveterinary medicines. The leaves in particular have been reported to have potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-complementary, anticancer and skin tissue integrity activity. Additionally, an anti-ulcerogenic effect was recently proven, demonstrating that the aqueous extract was more effective than cimetidine, a potent medicine used to treat gastric ulcers. Due to its wide use and medicinal importance, many studies have been conducted; however, the information in the literature is very extensive and disseminated, making it difficult to use.

Key findings
A complete review involving the ethnobotanical and scientific aspects of M. sylvestris has been made. The research has provided evidence that M. sylvestris has potential use as a medicinal plant and has highlighted a need for more studies involving clinical and toxicological aspects of its use.

Summary
This review can contribute to the field with its historical context, and by describing the progress made, new ideas for researchers can arise.
A laboratory investigation of the dynamic properties of tailings
Authors: James Michael , Aubertin Michel , Wijewickreme Dharma , Wilson G. Ward 
Published: November 2011

The dynamic response of tailings from a gold mine located in western Quebec was evaluated using cyclic laboratory testing. These tailings are classified as nonplastic silt and sand. Specimens of the tailings were prepared as slurries, consolidated to vertical effective stresses of 100–400 kPa, and subjected to cyclic direct simple shear testing with cyclic stress ratio, CSR, values between 0.075 and 0.15. The shear modulus reduction of the tailings under cyclic loading was found to be fairly similar to that described for clean sands in the literature. The cyclic resistance ratio, CRR (which reflects the liquefaction resistance), of the samples was not significantly affected by the effective consolidation stress (in the range considered here). Analysis of test results with the simplified method of liquefaction evaluation indicates that this method may be applicable to these tailings. However, other factors, such as the possible effects of layering and ageing of the tailings in situ, should also be considered in such an assessment.
Effect of immobilizations on the activity and space use of female moose (Alces alces)
Authors: Neumann Wiebke , Ericsson Göran , Dettki Holger , Arnemo Jon M. 
Published: November 2011

Studies of free-ranging wildlife often involve animal capture and fitting of tracking devices. Capturing wildlife may result in behavioral alterations. Thus, there is a need to evaluate the effects of capture on study animals to identify potential biases influencing the research. We assessed the short-term response of 15 GPS/GSM-collared adult female moose ( Alces alces (L., 1758)) and immobilization and handling by comparing moose rates of movement and net square displacement before and after recapture. Moose were more active up to 7 h and increased their spatial displacement for 4.5 days after recapture compared with movement patterns before recapture. Opposite to our predictions, moose did not reduced their movement rates after their initial displacement following capture and recovery, i.e., moose did not show any indication for a residual effect. We recommend using individuals as their own controls in analyses of capture impacts to account adequately for individual behavioral differences. We recommend omitting data of at least the first 5 days following capture for analyses of moose movement and distribution.
FINDING SIMPLICES CONTAINING THE ORIGIN IN TWO AND THREE DIMENSIONS
Authors: ELBASSIONI KHALED , ELMASRY AMR , MAKINO KAZUHISA 
Published: November 2011

We show that finding the simplices containing a fixed given point among those defined on a set of n points can be done in O(n + k) time for the two-dimensional case, and in O(n2 + k) time for the three-dimensional case, where k is the number of these simplices. As a byproduct, we give an alternative (to the algorithm in Ref. 4) O(n log r) algorithm that finds the red-blue boundary for n bichromatic points on the line, where r is the size of this boundary. Another byproduct is an O(n2 + t) algorithm that finds the intersections of line segments having two red endpoints with those having two blue endpoints defined on a set of n bichromatic points in the plane, where t is the number of these intersections.
The White Adipose Tissue Used in Lipotransfer Procedures Is a Rich Reservoir of CD34+ Progenitors Able to Promote Cancer Progression
Authors: Martin-Padura Ines , Gregato Giuliana , Marighetti Paola , Mancuso Patrizia , Calleri Angelica , Corsini Chiara , Pruneri Giancarlo , Manzotti Michela , Lohsiriwat Visnu , Rietjens Mario , Petit Jean-Yves , Bertolini Francesco 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPrevious studies have suggested a “catalytic role” in neoplastic angiogenesis and cancer progression for bone marrow–derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPC). However, preclinical and clinical studies have shown that the quantitative role of marrow-derived EPCs in cancer vascularization is extremely variable. We have found that human and murine white adipose tissue (WAT) is a very rich reservoir of CD45-CD34+ EPCs with endothelial differentiation potential, containing a mean of 263 times more CD45-CD34+ cells/mL than bone marrow. Compared with marrow-derived CD34+ cells mobilized in blood by granulocyte colony–stimulating factor, purified WAT-CD34+ cells expressed similar levels of stemness-related genes, significantly increased levels of angiogenesis-related genes, and increased levels of FAP-α, a crucial suppressor of antitumor immunity. In vitro, WAT-CD34+ cells generated mature endothelial cells and capillary tubes as efficiently as mature mesenchymal cells. The coinjection of human WAT-CD34+ cells from lipotransfer procedures contributed to tumor vascularization and significantly increased tumor growth and metastases in several orthotopic models of human breast cancer in immunodeficient mice. Endothelial cells derived from human WAT-CD34+ cells lined the lumen of cancer vessels. These data indicate that CD34+ WAT cells can promote cancer progression and metastases. Our results highlight the importance of gaining a better understanding of the role of different WAT-derived cells used in lipotransfer for breast reconstruction in patients with breast cancer. Cancer Res; 72(1); 325–34. ©2011 AACR.