bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA of mouse mammary tumor virus‐like virus is present in human tumors influenced by hormones
Authors: Johal Harpreet , Faedo Margaret , Faltas Jacqueline , Lau Amie , Mousina Railya , Cozzi Paul , deFazio Anna , Rawlinson William D. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) is a hormonally regulated, oncogenic virus of mice. MMTV‐like virus DNA has previously been detected in human breast cancers, liver disease, and liver cancers. It is hypothesized that local hormonal effects might be of primary importance in determining MMTV‐like virus detection in human tumors. MMTV‐like virus envelope (env) DNA was determined using nested PCR in 89 ovarian, 147 prostate, 50 endometrial, 141 skin, and 51 lung cancers. Viral‐positive sequences were compared with published MMTV‐like viral sequences from human breast cancer, liver cancer and MMTV. Immunohistochemistry for estrogen receptor (ER‐α) and progesterone receptor (PgR) was performed on a subset of tumors. MMTV‐like virus env DNA was detected in ovarian cancers (14/89; 16%), prostate cancers (53/147; 36%), endometrial cancers (5/50; 10%), skin cancers (13/141; 9%) but not in lung cancers (0/51). Phylogenetic analysis of the viral‐positive sequences showed no clustering of the isolates according to tissue type. A significant association was observed between the presence of hormone receptors and detection of MMTV‐like virus in the human cancers screened (P = 0.01). A significant association between MMTV‐like virus and PgR was noted in skin cancers (P = 0.003). Therefore, unlike the mouse model, the detection of MMTV‐like env sequences in human cancers in addition to breast indicates that MMTV‐like viral expression is not breast cancer‐specific and may relate to hormone‐dependent viral expression. J. Med. Virol. 82:1044–1050, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isolated norovirus GII.7 strain within an extended GII.4 outbreak
Authors: Hoffmann Dieter , Seebach Judith , Foley Brian T. , Frösner Gert , Nadas Korinna , Protzer Ulrike , Schätzl Hermann M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractNoroviruses are a major cause of viral gastroenteritis and have been detected with increasing prevalence in recent years. Currently, two main genogroups GI and GII with an increasing number of subtypes are differentiated. Because of a high genetic variability new variants emerge constantly allowing epidemiological tracing of viruses from year to year and location to location. A 282 bp sequence at the 5′end of the capsid gene was analyzed in isolates originating from the University hospital, Technische Universität München. Phylogenetic analysis was based on 20 GII positive samples from an outbreak in March/April 2006 and 8 samples from the following winter season 2006–2008. In the initial outbreak two distinct genotypes were identified. The GII.4 strain 2006a found in the majority of outbreaks in 2006 worldwide was isolated from all but two patients. These two individuals were infected with a GII.7 strain clustering mainly with isolates from Asia. Of note, they excreted noroviral RNA for 81 and 27 days, respectively. Longitudinal analysis of an extended 1381 bp sequence revealed positive selection in the P2 domain. The variant was very similar to GII.7 strains isolated in 1990 and 1994 suggesting slow evolution with evidence of recombination according to the SimPlot analysis. Strains found in the following years 2006–2008 clustered around the isolate GII.4 2006b, characterized in the spring of 2006 and reaching a high prevalence in 2006–2007. The results provide an insight into norovirus evolution at a University hospital over 3 years and describe intraindividual evolution within a patient infected chronically. J. Med. Virol. 82:1058–1064, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of common and rare human papillomaviruses in Portuguese women by the polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing
Authors: Nobre Rui Jorge , Cruz Eugénia , Real Odete , de Almeida Luís Pereira , Martins Teresa C. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe present study aimed to provide additional information on the prevalence of mucosal human papillomavirus (HPV) types in Portuguese women by using polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing. HPV was detected in 15.5% (15/97) of the control samples, 23.5% (12/51) of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, 52.8% (28/53) of low‐grade lesions, 82.4% (28/34) of high‐grade lesions, and 100% (44/44) of carcinomas. Overall, 28 HPV types were detected: 11 high‐risk (HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 52, 56, 58, and 59), 3 probable high‐risk (HPV 53, 66, and 73), 6 low‐risk (HPV 6, 11, 44, 61, 70, and 81), and 8 unknown‐risk types (HPV 34, 62, 67, 71, 83, 84, 102, and 108). The most prevalent type was HPV 16, detected in 33.8% of women infected with HPV, followed by HPV 58 (9.2%), HPV 33 (7.0%), HPV 18 (6.3%), HPV 53 (5.6%), HPV 31 and 56 (4.9% each), HPV 6 (3.5%), and HPV 66 and 81 (2.8% each). Of 44 cervical carcinoma samples, 71% were associated with HPV 16 (60%) and HPV 18 (11.1%), followed by the high‐risk types 33 (11.1%), 35 (4.4%), 45 (4.4%), and 56 (2.2%), the probable high‐risk type 53 (4.4%) and the unknown‐risk type 67 (2.2%). This study provides information on the most common HPV types in Portuguese women and suggests that the current prophylactic HPV 16/18 vaccine may be useful for the prevention of cervical cancer in this population. J. Med. Virol. 82:1024–1032, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular characterization of hepatitis B virus and a 9‐year clinical profile in a patient infected with genotype I
Authors: Osiowy Carla , Kaita Kelly , Solar Kaarina , Mendoza Kenneth 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAn unusual hepatitis B virus (HBV) variant, assigned provisionally to genotype I, was recently reported, characterized by an anomalous genotyping pattern and putative recombination; however, the natural history of this unusual strain is unknown. This study analyzed longitudinal sera collected over a 9‐year period from a patient infected with this variant to investigate the clinical profile and intrahost viral evolution over time. The patient, who had immigrated to Canada in 1998 from Vietnam, was treated with lamivudine in 2000. Approximately 4–5 years following the withdrawal of lamivudine therapy, a genomic “shift” occurred coincident with ALT flares and increasing HBV viral load, resulting in numerous stable nucleotide substitutions within the core coding region, suggesting altered immune control that may provide a selective advantage to the virus. Analysis of quasispecies diversity over time demonstrated further this shift, with two sequence clusters associated with time points either prior to or following relapse observed, including increased diversity among quasispecies prior to relapse. In keeping with the complex nature of genotype I strains, majority population genomes had a mean genetic distance from genotype C of 7.6 ± 0.1%, although large genomic segments lacked significant homology with any HBV genotype. Further study is needed to understand the evolutionary origin and natural history of infection with this unique HBV variant. J. Med. Virol. 82:942–948, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epidemiology of hepatitis A in Finland in 1990–2007
Authors: Broman Mia , Jokinen Sari , Kuusi Markku , Lappalainen Maija , Roivainen Merja , Liitsola Kirsi , Davidkin Irja 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe seroepidemiology of hepatitis A virus (HAV) for the period 1990–2007 and the molecular epidemiology for the period 1994–2007 in Finland were studied. The incidence of hepatitis A has been very low since 1990, at 0.3–3.6/100,000 inhabitants, excluding two outbreaks in 1994–1995 and 2002–2003, both of which were connected to intravenous drug use. Serum samples (3,217) collected in the period 1997–1998 were tested for hepatitis A antibodies to assess the percentage of seropositive Finns. More than 50% of Finns aged over 55 were seropositive for hepatitis A, while less than 5% of those aged under 40 were seropositive. In addition, patient samples (52,012) from the period 1990 to 2007 were assessed for antibodies against HAV. In these samples the proportion of acute HAV infections stayed at around 2% per year (excluding outbreaks), whereas the overall seropositivity for hepatitis A increased from some 30% to 45%, which was most likely due to increased vaccinations. For molecular epidemiology, samples from 1994 to 2007 were analyzed by RT‐PCR and sequencing. The results showed that most of the strains (82%) of HAV were of genotype IA but with an increasing number of genotypes IB and IIIA appearing during the last years of the study. All the cases seemed to be travel related and there was no endemic strain circulating in Finland. The low seroprevalence, especially in younger age groups, makes the population vulnerable to infection, which can be compensated for by increasing the number of vaccinations. J. Med. Virol. 82:934–941, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Full genomic analysis of a porcine–bovine reassortant G4P[6] rotavirus strain R479 isolated from an infant in China
Authors: Wang Yuan‐Hong , Kobayashi Nobumichi , Nagashima Shigeo , Zhou Xuan , Ghosh Souvik , Peng Jin‐Song , Hu Quan , Zhou Dun‐Jin , Yang Zhan‐Qiu 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDuring the 2004 surveillance of rotaviruses in Wuhan, China, a G4P[6] rotavirus strain R479 was isolated from a stool specimen collected from a 2‐year‐old child with diarrhea. The strain R479 had an uncommon subgroup specificity I + II, and analysis of the VP6 gene suggested that it was related to porcine rotaviruses. In the present study, full‐length nucleotide sequences of all the RNA segments of R479 were determined and analyzed phylogenetically to identify the origin of individual RNA segments. According to the rotavirus genotyping system based on 11 RNA segments, the genotype of R479 was expressed as G4‐P[6]‐I5‐R1‐C1‐M1‐A1‐N1‐T7‐E1‐H1. This genotype includes the porcine‐like VP6 genotype (I5) and bovine‐like NSP3 genotype (T7). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that R479 genes encoding VP1, VP2, VP3, VP6, VP7, VP8*, NSP1, NSP4, and NSP5 were more closely related to those of porcine rotaviruses than human or other animal rotaviruses. In contrast, it was remarkable that the NSP3 gene of R479 was genetically closely related to only a bovine rotavirus strain UK. The NSP2 gene of R479 was also unique and clustered with only the G5P[8] human strain IAL28 and G3P[24] simian strain TUCH. These results suggested that R479 may be a reassortant virus having the NSP3 gene from a bovine rotavirus in the genetic background of a porcine rotavirus, with an NSP2 gene related to the porcine‐human reassortant strain IAL28. To our knowledge, R479 is the first porcine–bovine reassortant rotavirus isolated from a human. J. Med. Virol. 82:1094–1102, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic characterization of norovirus GII.4 2006b variants from Jeju island, South Korea
Authors: Le Van Phan , Jung Yeon Chang , Kang Ki Soo , Lim Inseok , Myung Soon Chul , Kim Wonyong 
Published: April 2010

AbstractNinety‐seven fecal specimens collected from children with acute gastroenteritis between 2007 and 2008 that were found to be negative for group A rotavirus in prescreening by ELISA with VP6‐specific antibody were re‐screened for viruses by reverse transcription (RT)‐PCR. Forty (41.2%) samples were found to be positive for virus by RT‐PCR; of these, norovirus (32.5%, n = 13) and rotavirus (32.5%, n = 13) were the most common, followed by astrovirus (5.0%, n = 2) and enterovirus (2.5%, n = 1). Co‐infection was found in 11 (27.5%) samples. Phylogenetic analyses of the ORF2 nucleotide sequences of 21 norovirus strains showed that 19 (90.5%) belonged to the genogroup GII genotype 4 and two (9.5%) belonged to genogroup GI genotype 4. The GII.4 strains demonstrated high sequence homology and were closely related to new 2006b variants observed in Europe, China, Hong Kong, and Japan in 2006. This study provides new information concerning the recent global epidemic of 2006b strains. J. Med. Virol. 82:1065–1070, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of cytokine genetic polymorphisms with the humoral immune response to recombinant vaccine against HBV in infants
Authors: Macedo Luciana Conci , Isolani Aline Paula , Visentainer Jeane Eliete Laguila , Moliterno Ricardo Alberto 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe prevention of hepatitis B by vaccination is one the most efficient tools to avoid the transmission of the virus, although a considerable variability to the anti‐HBsAg antibody response has been described. Recently, polymorphisms of cytokine regulating genes have been described which seem to influence the immune response to various antigens. This article's objective was to evaluate the influence of cytokine genetic polymorphisms onto the humoral immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants. Vaccinated children were classified according to the level of anti‐HBsAg antibody titles. The genotyping for TNF (−308), TGFB1 (+869, +915), IL‐10 (−1082, −819, −592), IL‐6 (−174), and IFNG (+874) was accomplished by the PCR‐SSP technique. The TNF (−308) allele A presented a lower but not statistically significant frequency at 5% level in high responder patients (3.7% vs. 12.3%, P = 0.0919). The same was seen for the TNF (−308) genotype GA (7.4% vs. 24.5%, P = 0.0757). Further studies in other populations and evaluation of a greater number of individuals may contribute for a better understanding of the cytokine gene polymorphism influence in general and TNF polymorphism more specifically in the humoral immune response to the HBsAg vaccination in newborn children. J. Med. Virol. 82:929–933, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Co‐circulation of multiple measles virus genotypes during an epidemic in France in 2008
Authors: Waku‐Kouomou Diane , Freymuth François , du Châtelet Isabelle Parent , Wild T. Fabian , Horvat Branka 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn 2008, measles reappeared in France in a series of outbreaks. During this period, 604 measles cases were reported to a routine surveillance system and 305 (50%) of these cases were then confirmed in the laboratory. To understand better the current epidemiological situation and the circulation of different measles strains, a phylogenetic characterization of 113 (19%) of the measles cases from these outbreaks was performed. All measles cases met the WHO clinical criteria and were confirmed either by laboratory detection of measles‐specific IgM and/or by detection of the virus genome by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and viral isolation. PCR products generated from blood, oral fluid, urine, or nasopharyngeal‐swab samples were sequenced for molecular epidemiology studies. Phylogenetic analysis showed a co‐circulation of genotypes D4 and D5 during the first measles outbreak in the city of Reims in early 2008. Over the course of the year, the A, B3.2, D8, and D9 genotypes also appeared. The data from this study show the simultaneous circulation of several measles genotypes in France and describe genotypes D8 and D9 for the first time in this country. The data also suggest that there are still many pockets of unvaccinated individuals helping to maintain the circulation of measles virus in the population. Phylogenetic studies allowed the corroboration of epidemiologic links and showed that nosocomial transmission can create significant risk for measles dissemination. Finally, the pattern of changes in viral genotypes during 2008 suggests a regular introduction of measles strains from abroad. J. Med. Virol. 82:1033–1043, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional disorder of primary immunity responding to respiratory syncytial virus infection in offspring mice exposed to a flame retardant, decabrominated diphenyl ether, perinatally
Authors: Watanabe Wataru , Shimizu Tomomi , Sawamura Rie , Hino Akane , Konno Katsuhiko , Kurokawa Masahiko 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPerinatal exposure to a representative flame retardant, decabrominated diphenyl ether (DBDE), was shown previously to increase viral titers in the lungs of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)‐infected offspring on day 5 post‐infection, resulting in exacerbation of pneumonia. In this study, the significant increase of pulmonary viral titers was confirmed even on day 1 post‐infection and the effect on the primary immune response to RSV infection were examined to assess a mode of DBDE action on developmental immunotoxicity. On day 1 after infection, the secretion of both TNF‐α and IL‐6 decreased significantly in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid prepared from RSV‐infected offspring exposed to DBDE perinatally, but IL‐1β increased. However, in ex vivo lipopolysaccharide stimulation test, the productivity of TNF‐α in the bronchoalveolar lavage cells, which are mainly primary immune cells responding to RSV infection, prepared from offspring mice exposed to DBDE perinatally was not lower than that in the control. The primary immune cells retained normally the ability of cytokine production after the DBDE exposure. Gene expressions of innate pattern recognition receptors (Toll‐like receptor 3 and 4, melanoma differentiation‐associated gene‐5, and retinoic acid‐inducible gene I) in lung tissues were not affected by DBDE exposure. Because the levels of TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1β are known to be elevated in the lungs of RSV‐infected mice, these irregular productions due to perinatal DBDE exposure indicate a disorder of the primary immune response to RSV infection. Thus, perinatal exposure to DBDE was suggested to cause a functional disorder of primary immunity responding to RSV infection. J. Med. Virol. 82:1075–1082, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurovirulence and latency of drug‐resistant clinical herpes simplex viruses in animal models
Authors: Dambrosi Sarah , Martin Mélanie , Yim Kevin , Miles Brian , Canas Julio , Sergerie Yan , Boivin Guy 
Published: April 2010

AbstractHerpes simplex virus (HSV) resistance to acyclovir or foscarnet results from mutations in viral thymidine kinase (TK) and/or DNA polymerase (pol) genes. Replication kinetics and virulence of TK and/or DNA pol clinical mutants were assessed using models of mouse encephalitis and cotton rat genital infection. Replication capacities in Vero cells of a DNA pol altered strain (L850I) and a TK/DNA pol mutant (C467deletion/A912V) were significantly lower than those of unrelated wild‐type (WT) strains, while a double DNA pol mutant (S724N/P920S) demonstrated replication kinetics similar to the WT. The replication of a TK‐deficient mutant (G439.5addition) was impaired (low m.o.i.) or unaltered (high m.o.i.) compared to that of a WT virus depending on the viral inoculum. Compared to a survival rate of 6% for mice infected intranasally with WT HSV‐1 or ‐2 viruses, G439.5add, C467deletion/A912V and L850I strains were associated with survival rates of 100% (P < 0.05) whereas mice infected with the S724N/P920S mutant had a survival rate of 33% (P = 0.08). Brain viral titers were higher in mice infected with WT HSV‐1 or ‐2 strains and the double DNA pol mutant. All strains except the DNA pol mutant L850I were able to establish latency in the dorsal root ganglia of cotton rats. A good correlation was generally found between replication kinetics of DNA pol mutants and their neurovirulence potential in mice whereas such correlation was not straightforward for TK mutants. J. Med. Virol. 82:1000–1006, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering study of human serum on PVAAg nanofilm prepared by using electrostatic self‐assembly
Authors: Liu Renming , Zi Xingfa , Kang Yipu , Si Minzhen , Wu Yanchun 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPolyvinyl alcohol (PVA)‐protected silver nanoarchitecture (PVAAg nanofilm) on the surface of the glass substrate was prepared by using electrostatic self‐assembly at a proper voltage. The two‐dimensional morphology of the PVAAg nanofilm has been examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of human serum (HS) on PVAAg nanofilms were recorded. The results show that the Raman scattering of HS can be enhanced efficiently based on these PVAAg nanofilms. However, it also can be seen that the effect of sodium citrate (SC) acting as anticoagulant on the SERS spectrum of HS is unnegligible, which has not been discussed adequately in the previous reports. To discuss the effect of SC on the SERS spectrum of HS, we have studied the normal Raman spectra of solid SC and the SERS spectra of 1.0 × 10−3 mol/l aqueous solution of SC adsorbed on the PVA–Ag nanofilms. Meanwhile, Raman wavenumbers of the SC molecule were calculated by using the method of DFT‐B3LYP/6‐31G*, and the dominant assignations of the calculated wavenumbers were performed. It was found that the density functional theory (DFT) calculation of SC Raman spectrum matches well with the experimental results. With the perfect reproducibility and high SERS activity, this method will be useful in the development of HS detection methods. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of quercetin glycosides and free quercetin in buckwheat by capillary micellar electrokinetic chromatography
Authors: Dadáková Eva , Kalinová Jana 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA simple and reliable method for determination of quercetin glycosides and free quercetin in buckwheat flower, leaves, stems and achenes was developed. The method consists of flavonoid extraction from freeze‐dried homogenous material in 50% v/v methanol solution and in presence of an antioxidant, cleaning of extract and analyte isolation using SPE. Analytical step uses capillary micellar electrokinetic chromatography. The working ranges, LOD and LOQ, recovery, precision and measurement uncertainty were calculated. The method is suitable for samples from buckwheat. The highest content of rutin was found in flowers of both kinds of buckwheat (99 400 mg/kg in F. esculentum, 108 000 mg/kg in F. tataricum). The free quercetin occurs in flowers and achenes of F. esculentum, whereas flowers and achenes of F. tataricum contained quercitrin.
Screening antibody and immunosorbent selectivity by two‐dimensional liquid chromatography‐MS/MS (2‐D LC‐MS/MS)
Authors: Cho Wonryeon , Jung Kwanyoung , Regnier Fred E. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSelectivity of both peptide‐ and glycan‐targeting antibodies was examined by 2‐D LC‐MS/MS. Proteins selected from biological extracts immunospecifically in a first chromatography dimension using antibodies immobilized by either covalent coupling or adsorption to protein G were desorbed with a denaturing mobile phase and transferred to a 1.5 μm nonporous particle RP chromatography (NP‐RPC) column in a second dimension. Protein peak capacity of the NP‐RPC column was approximately 50. Peaks collected from the RPC column were tryptic digested and the peptide fragments were identified by MALDI‐MS/MS. The objective of this analytical strategy was to discriminate between protein antigens and nonantigens through identification of their peptides, leading to an evaluation of the selectivity of antibodies and immunosorbents. Quantification of the relative amount of antigen and nonantigen species captured by immunosorbents was achieved by absorbance, along with the likely capture mechanism. A limitation of the approach was in discriminating between isoforms of an antigen in which neither the antibody nor the LC‐MS system targeted the differentiating feature in the isoforms.