bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Providing optimal service delivery for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review
Authors: Hatherly K , Overland J , Smith L , Taylor S , Johnston C 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this systematic review was (1) to perform a comprehensive examination of the literature to identify aspects of service delivery which are associated with improved glycaemic control in young people with type 1 diabetes, and (2) to identify gaps in the current literature and suggest areas for future research.The online medical databases Medline, Embase, Psycinfo and Cinahl were searched using a series of keywords. We reviewed randomised controlled trials and cross‐sectional, comparison and retrospective audit studies from 1980 to December 2007 which involved children, adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes. In total, 540 studies were screened for inclusion, with 68 papers retrieved for further analysis 23 of which were retained for inclusion in the review.The service delivery indicators identified in the review which have an impact on glycaemic control in young people with type 1 diabetes include access to specialist care, number of clinic visits attended, access to care from a multidisciplinary diabetes team and regular telephone contact.This review confirmed that various aspects of paediatric diabetes service delivery do impact on the glycaemic control of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. It has also identified the need for studies to examine further the complex interplay of multiple aspects of service delivery, including the impact of a family‐centred model of care, on glycaemic control. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hypoglycaemia followed by lactic acidosis in a diabetic patient on metformin
Authors: Langan J , Fisher M 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA 71‐year‐old woman with a nine‐year history of type 2 diabetes was admitted with hypoglycaemia, acute renal failure, and lactic acidosis. She was treated with fluids and antibiotics for presumed infection, and metformin was discontinued.Metformin‐associated lactic acidosis is a rare consequence of metformin therapy and, as in this case report, there are often other factors contributing to the lactic acidosis. Copyright ©2009 John Wiley & Sons.
Prostate growth inhibition by subtype‐selective alpha1‐adrenoceptor antagonist naftopidil in benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Kojima Yoshiyuki , Sasaki Shoichi , Oda Nobuyuki , Koshimizu Taka‐Aki , Hayashi Yutaro , Kiniwa Mamoru , Tsujimoto Gozoh , Kohri Kenjiro 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecently, alpha1‐adrenoceptors (α1‐ARs) have been reported to play a prominent role in the growth of a variety of cells; however, little is known about prostate growth and subtype‐specific effects on cell proliferation. We examined the role of α1d‐AR in prostate growth and the effect of subtype‐selective α1‐AR antagonist, naftopidil, which has relatively higher affinity for α1d‐AR, on prostate growth in vitro and in vivo.METHODSFirst, we examined the effect of naftopidil on the cell proliferation of PrEC, PrSC, and PrSMC using WST‐1 assay. Second, we performed real‐time RT‐PCR to quantify each α1‐AR subtype mRNA expression level in a benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) model rat, which was recently established to pathologically resemble human BPH patients. In addition, naftopidil was given to this model orally for 21 days and the proliferative and apoptotic indexes measured. Third, 18 BPH patients were administered naftopidil for 12 weeks and the proliferative and apoptotic indexes were compared before and after naftopidil administration.RESULTSNaftopidil significantly inhibited cell proliferation dose‐dependently in all cell lines that expressed α1d‐AR mRNA. The expression level of α1d‐AR during the growth process of the prostate in the BPH model rat was significantly higher than that in the normal prostate (P < 0.001). Naftopidil administration inhibited cell proliferation without apoptosis in the BPH model rat and BPH patients.CONCLUSIONSα1d‐AR may play an important role in the regulation of cellular proliferation in the prostate, and α1d‐AR blockage by naftopidil may not only improve lower urinary tract symptoms but also inhibit prostate growth in BPH patients. Prostate 69: 1521–1528, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of natural diatomaceous earth deposits from south‐eastern Europe for stored‐grain protection: the effect of particle size
Authors: Vayias Bill J , Athanassiou Christos G , Korunic Zlatko , Rozman Vlatka 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The use of diatomaceous earths (DEs) provides a promising alternative to the use of contact insecticides in stored‐product IPM. Geographical origin and the physical properties of a given DE may affect its insecticidal activity. In the present study, DE samples were collected from different locations of south‐eastern Europe, and their efficacy was evaluated in the laboratory against Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Cucujiidae), Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae). In addition, three fractions comprising particles of different size were obtained from each DE sample and assessed with regards to their effectiveness against the above stored‐product insect pests.RESULTS: DE from the Greek region of Elassona was the most effective against C. ferrugineus and S. oryzae, whereas the DE Kolubara 518, mined in the Serbian region of Kolubara, was the most effective against R. dominica. Smaller particles were more effective than larger particles against the three tested species, although significant differences in the efficacy of fractions containing particles of 0–150 µm and particles with sizes of < 45 µm were not always recorded.CONCLUSIONS: Deposits from south‐eastern Europe appeared to be very effective against the tested species, and therefore this region should be further evaluated as a source of development of commercial products. Particle size is a physical property that should always be taken into account during the DE manufacturing process, as it can strongly influence the insecticidal action of a given product. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Magnetization dynamics in polycrystalline Permalloy and epitaxial Co platelets observed by time‐resolved photoemission electron microscopy
Authors: Wegelin Frederik , Krasyuk Alexander , Valdaitsev Dmitrii A. , Nepijko Sergej A. , Elmers Hans Joachim , Schönhense Gerd , Schneider Claus M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe studied the dynamic magnetization response in rectangular polycrystalline Permalloy and also epitaxial Co structures (lateral sizes comprised tens of microns at a thickness of tens of nanometers) during the action of a magnetic field pulse, using time‐resolved X‐ray photoemission electron microscopy with a time resolution of 10 ps. In the case of Permalloy platelets the restoring torque that is necessary for the stroboscopic image acquisition is provided by the Landau flux closure structure representing a minimum of the free energy. We investigated the dynamic response of 90° Néel domain walls. The main results are: the maximum velocity of the domain wall is 1.5 × 104 m/s, the intrinsic frequency of the magnetization change in these structures is estimated to be several Gigahertz. For the case of epitaxial Co platelets grown on Mo(110) the magnetic uniaxial anisotropy with an easy axis along Mo[1$ \bar 1 $0] restores the homogeneous magnetization structure after each field pulse. We observed a rotation of the mean magnetization direction within the first 100 ps of the field pulse. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Orientation and electronic properties of phthalocyanines on polycrystalline substrates
Authors: Peisert Heiko , Biswas Indro , Knupfer Martin , Chassé Thomas 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe review the molecular orientation of phthalocyanines as representatives of flat, π‐conjugated molecules on different polycrystalline substrates. Thin films with a thickness of ∼10–50 nm are often highly ordered on several substrates. The molecular orientation, however, can be radically different for single crystalline model substrates and for relatively ill defined polycrystalline substrates. Moreover, it is important to distinguish between the growth of the first organic layer(s) at the substrate surface and the growth in films of a thickness of several nanometers: Differently oriented, buried interfacial layers of few monolayers were observed in particular for polycrystalline substrates. The growth mode is discussed in terms of different molecule–molecule and molecule–substrate interactions. Consequences for our understanding of the behavior of such films in devices are considered in context with electronic interface properties. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A quarter‐century of metrology using synchrotron radiation by PTB in Berlin
Authors: Beckhoff Burkhard , Gottwald Alexander , Klein Roman , Krumrey Michael , Müller Ralph , Richter Mathias , Scholze Frank , Thornagel Reiner , Ulm Gerhard 
Published: June 2009

AbstractFor more than 25 years, the Physikalisch‐Technische Bundesanstalt has been strongly engaged in the field of metrology using synchrotron radiation. In Berlin, this research programme started together with the user operation of the electron storage ring BESSY I in the early 1980s. At the beginning, the work was focused on fundamental radiometry, i.e. using the storage ring as a primary radiation source standard and operating beamlines for source and detector calibration in the vacuum ultraviolet spectral range. Meanwhile, at the electron storage rings BESSY II andMetrology Light Sourcein Berlin‐Adlershof, the activities have been extended to a broad range of fundamental and applied photon metrology in the range from the far infrared to hard X‐rays, including methods like cryogenic radiometry, reflectometry and X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy. In the present review, we give a short historical introduction to this work, describe our laboratories and the basic radiometric principles, and present examples of recent applications, largely performed within the framework of scientific cooperations with external partners from industry and research. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Sensing the electron–electron correlation in solids via double photoemission
Authors: Schumann F. O. , Winkler C. , Kirschner J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe discuss the electron pair emission from surfaces upon the absorption of a single photon, also called double photoemission (DPE). This experiment is particular sensitive to the electron–electron interaction, because for independent electrons the DPE intensity is zero. We outline the experimental development of this technique over the past decade. Going beyond the mere detection of pairs we advanced the instrumentation. Now we are able to measure the kinetic energies and emission angles of a wide angular acceptance. We will show how the available energy is distributed among the electrons and how the angular distributions look like. The latter enabled us to make contact to an important concept of modern solid state theory, namely the exchange–correlation hole. We demonstrate that the exchange–correlation hole manifests itself in a depletion zone of the coincidence intensity around the fixed emission direction of one electron. The experiments were performed at the synchrotron facilities BESSY I and BESSY II. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photoemission of Ga1–xMnx As with high Curie temperature and transformation into MnAs of zincblende structure
Authors: Rader O. , Valencia S. , Gudat W. , Edmonds K. W. , Campion R. P. , Gallagher B. L. , Foxon C. T. , Emtsev K. V. , Seyller Th. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractEpitaxial films of Ga1–x Mnx As, x = 0.08, with a high ferromagnetic ordering temperature (TC = 160 K) grown and post‐growth annealed at low temperature (LT) have been studied in a photoemission experiment. The (100) surfaces were prepared by wet etching to remove surface segregated interstitials. By resonant photoemission at the Mn M‐edge, the appearence of a Mn induced main peak at 4.5 eV binding energy and an intense satellite at ∼7.2 eV are observed in full agreement with our previous work on Ga1–x Mnx As with TC ∼50 K. Mn induced states are also observed around 1 eV to 2 eV but are of weaker intensity than in our previous work which may indicate a depletion of interstitial Mn. In no stage of surface preparation, emission from the gap region was observed where, according to recent local‐density calculations, interstitial Mn would contribute to the spectra. Additional annealing in situ changes the photoemission spectra strongly: The Mn 3d spectral weight increases altogether and the satellite decreases in intensity relative to the Mn 3d main peak and shifts to ∼6.5 eV. Comparison to the literature indicates that zincblende‐type MnAs is formed. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An old material in the nanoworld: organic‐inorganic hybrid nanotubes based on γ ‐titanium phosphate layered crystal structure
Authors: Blanco Jesús A. , Khainakov Sergei A. , Khainakova Olena , García José R. , García‐Granda S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe report on the synthesis of organic‐inorganic hybrid nanotubes based on the γ ‐titanium phosphate, Ti (H2PO4)(PO4)·2H2O, layered crystal structure spaced with trioctylamine. These materials have been prepared by using microemulsion‐mediated solvothermal and microwave‐assisted methods. The interlayer distance in the inorganic sheets of the nanotube can be controlled by both the alkyl chain length and the amount of the amine template.All nanotubes obtained are made up of concentric openended cylinders. The possible reason for having this morphology is discussed combining X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy data. This simple synthesis‐route will be used to prepare other nanotubes with controlled geometries (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The effects of embedding medium and size on optical properties of II‐VI core‐shell nanocrystals
Authors: Cruz R. M. de la , Kanyinda‐Malu C. , Iñarrea J. , Clares F. J. , Santalla S. N. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractOptical properties of typical II‐VI semiconductor coreshell nanostructures are investigated in a wide range of visible and near‐infrared spectrum of light. Indeed, absorption, scattering and extinction coefficients are calculated in these nanostructures by using the scattering Mie theory in dipole approximation. To implement the calculations, Mie theory requires the dielectric function to be clearly defined, so in this work an explicit expression of frequency‐dielectric function for both the core and shell is used and it includes the phonon and plasmon contributions. The effects of the substitution of the embedding material and the size of nanostructure are investigated on the optical parameters.In fact, the absorption and scattering coefficients are higher for greater size of the nanocrystals. Higher scattering coefficient is obtained when the embedding medium is polyethylene, while higher absorption is observed when the insulating medium is glass. On the other hand, absorption coefficient is 4 to 5 order of magnitude lesser than the scattering coefficient, then the extinction is mainly due to scattering processes. Finally, good agreement between theoretical and experimental results reported in the literature are obtained for extinction coefficient in II‐VI core‐shell nanostructures (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simultaneous detection of micro‐organisms in water samples for future chip applications: coliform bacteria, non‐mandatory bacteria, hepatitis A virus and noroviruses
Authors: Vale Filipa F. , Silva Ana M. , Granja Ana T. , Vale Maria J. , Vieira Helena 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe use of surveillance systems demonstrates that waterborne pathogens are responsible for several diseases associated either with consuming of contaminated drinking water or contacting polluted recreational waters. To assure water quality not only mandatory microorganisms should be screened for. Emergent pathogens that represent danger to public health should also be analysed. Culture methods used routinely in water microbiology (bacteriology) laboratories are long time consumable. Moreover some of the emergent pathogens are not represented by conventional indicator bacteria, which limit the screening power of the current methodology. The present study aims at developing a rapid method to simultaneously detect several microorganisms (bacteria, protozoa, and virus) in water samples by the use of a DNA chip (AQUACHIP). Species specific DNA probes were developed based on the data available at public genomes databases. The probes were validated against the tested microorganism and artificial contaminated waters. Validation data shows that the probes may be useful to quickly evaluate water quality. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The stress and microstructure of a‐C multilayers deposited using a filtered cathodic vacuum arc and periodic substrate bias
Authors: Xiao Xiaoling , Partridge Jim , Taylor Matthew , McCulloch Dougal 
Published: June 2009

AbstractGraded amorphous carbon (a‐C) multilayers have been fabricated at room temperature using a filtered ca‐thodic vacuum arc deposition system. The average incident energy of the carbon ions was varied through‐out the deposition process by applying a sinusoidal substrate bias voltage. After deposition, the micro‐structure of the coatings was investigated using transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy. The evolution of the density and microstructure in the multilayer a‐C films was explained by the depth dependent variation in stress, resulting from the time dependent ion energy. Low density lay‐ers containing graphitic planes oriented perpendicular to the substrate, were found to form during pauses in deposition. This preferred orientation can be explained by surface relaxation in the presence of a biaxial stress field. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Highlighting excitonic optical properties of bundled carbon nanotubes to tailor efficient saturable absorbers
Authors: Gicquel‐Guézo Maud , Nong Hanond , Labbé Christophe , Moréac Alain , Corre Alain Le , Loualiche Slimane 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe present the ability of bundled carbon nanotubes to replace classical III‐V semiconductor quantum‐wells in nanomaterials‐based devices, such as efficient saturable absorbers. Preliminary study of bundled carbon nanotubes films is presented using scanning electronic microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Then, performing time‐resolved pump‐probe experiments, we show that excitonic nonlinear optical properties of bundled carbon nanotubes are simultaneously marked by ultrafast subpicosecond absorption recovery time, relative great contrast ratio and total recovery of absorption, in direct comparison with quantum‐wells nanostructures. This first direct comparison attributes strong potential to bundled carbon nanotubes for all‐optical switching devices, as lower‐cost nanomaterials solution. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
III–V semiconductor quantum dots with a magnetic impurity
Authors: Chutia Sucismita , Bhattacharjee A. K. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe investigate the hole states in GaAs and InAs quantum dots (QDs) containing a single substitutional Mn impurity, which is a shallow acceptor in the configuration d5+h. For an on‐center Mn, in spherical nanocrystals the hole spectrum is found to retain the bulk level scheme, while the binding energy and the sp –d exchange contribution increase rapidly with decreasing QD size. In contrast, in lens‐shaped self‐assembled QDs the four‐fold ground state is split into two well‐separated doublets, the confinement‐induced enhancement is slower and the effective exchange strength an order‐of‐magnitude smaller than in the bulk. A preliminary study of the twohole states indicates that the ground state in InAs/GaAs QDs is a singlet, almost uncoupled to the Mn spin. We deduce the zero‐field fine structure of the excitonic transitions and compare our results with recently reported photoluminescence spectra (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mode II loading behaviour of intergranular cracks lying on a Σ 17(530)/[001] symmetrical tilt boundary in copper
Authors: Luque Aitor , Aldazabal Javier , Martínez–Esnaola José M. , Sevillano Javier Gil 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe present Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations of the shear–coupled migration behaviour of a Σ 17(530)/[001] symmetrical tilt boundary, in the absence or in the presence of nanocracks lying on the grain boundary (GB) plane. The simulations have been performed for copper bicrystals at 300 K. Shear–coupled migration (SCM) occurs in both simulated configurations. For the case of a tilt boundary without nanocracks, the observed results are similar to the ones reported elsewhere.However, for the case of the Σ 17(530) boundary presenting nanocracks, SCM takes place ahead of the mode II loaded crack tips, but the GB gets pinned by the crack tip. The bulging of the tilt boundary reduces the shear stress on the boundary surface near the tip and hinders mode II crack propagation. The applied stress grows until other deformation mechanisms, such as emission of dislocations from the crack tip vicinity or GB sliding, are activated (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Magnetism in hydro‐ and dehydrogenated benzene
Authors: Vergés J. A. , San‐Fabián E. , Pastor‐Abia L. , Chiappe G. , Louis E. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractRecently, it has been shown that selective hydrogenation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) can lead to high spin molecules. In particular, this is the case of some forms of hydrogenated coronene and coranulenne. In this work, mono‐ and multi‐determinantal methods are used to show that hydrogenation of benzene, and dehydrogenation of benzene and coronene (a highly unlikely process), may lead to species whose ground states are characterized by a large spin degeneracy. Results for dehydrogenated coronene can be explained by Lieb's theorem for bipartite lattices. On the other hand, the theorem does not predict the correct spin of ground states for various forms of hydrogenated and dehydrogenated benzene (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Plasma processing of polypyrrole‐heparin thin films on titanium substrates for biomedical applications
Authors: Morozan Adina , Nastase Florin , Dumitru Anca , Nastase Claudia , Vulpe Silviu , Filipescu Mihaela 
Published: June 2009

AbstractConducting polymers such as polypyrrole (PPy) offer a new class of material for trial use in biological applications. The plasma polymerization is the process mostly used for the deposition of thin polymer and polymer‐based composite films with a variable amount of functionalities available for reaction with biomolecules. Heparin (Hep) is a potent anticoagulant that can be immobilized on biomaterial surfaces to increase their hemocompatability. Efforts are to attach Hep to polymeric materials. In this context, the strategy followed in this work was based on a plasma deposition of PPy and PPy‐Hep films onto Ti substrate. The PPy and PPy‐Hep films were investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)