bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Description of plantar pressure distribution in athletes
Authors: Esparza F , Abellàn J , Ibañez P , Ayuso J M Sànchez 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundLower extremities injuries caused by non-body contact are highly prevalent in sports. Repetitive high loads on the foot could cause these injuries. Plantar pressure refers to the pressure measured on the plantar surface of the foot.ObjectiveTo measure the plantar pressure in soccer and basketball players.DesignDescriptive study.SettingSoccer and basketball players enrolled in elite division leagues.ParticipantsPlayers were selected from the teams of the Federation of Soccer and Basketball of Murcia.InterventionsPlantar pressure was assessed with Biofoot/IBV system. This system provides a digital footprint with the pressure distribution according to a colour code.Main outcomeFootprint was divided into nine areas: 1. Lateral heel, 2. Medial heel, 3. Lateral arch, 4. Medial arch, 5. Medial forefoot, 6. Central forefoot, 7. Lateral forefoot, 8. Hallux, and 9. Lateral toes. Each placer was assessed to detect the peak pressure area.Results72 male athletes were assessed, 40 soccer players (mean (SD) age 23.95 (3.62)) and 32 basketball players (mean (SD) age 25.97 (5.52)). 16 of the 40 soccer players (40%) presented the highest pressure in area 6 (central forefoot), in 10 of them (25%) peak pressure was detected in area 8 (hallux), and 8 players (20%) presented the highest pressure in area 5 (medial forefoot). Similarly, in 16 of the 32 basketball players (50%) the peak pressure was detected in area 6, and 8 players (25%) presented the highest pressure in area 8. The value of Peak pressure was equal in both groups.ConclusionBoth soccer and basketball players show similar plantar pressure distribution. Soccer players present more frequently the peak pressure in the medial forefoot. Further studies should compare the plantar pressure of different sport-related movements.
Muscle imbalance among elite athletes
Authors: Franettovich M , Hides J , Mendis M D , Littleworth H 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundPrevious research in team sports, such as football and cricket, has found muscle imbalances in the lumbo-pelvic region, especially in muscles involved in joint stability and protection. It is thought that these muscle imbalances occur as a result of the specific requirements of the sport. However, this pattern of muscular imbalance may not be isolated to team sports and may potentially exist in elite athletes performing Olympic sports.ObjectiveTo investigate similarities in patterns of muscle imbalance among elite athletes performing team and individual sports.DesignComparative case studies.SettingMRI examinations were carried out in a hospital setting.ParticipantsElite athletes participating in a range of team and individual sports including cycling, heptathlon, marathon and skeleton racing.Main outcome measurementsMuscle cross-sectional areas (CSA) of individual muscles of the trunk and pelvic region.ResultsCSA of the trunk muscles show variation across muscle groups but evidence of imbalance within these groups.ConclusionMuscle imbalances exist in a wide range of athletes performing at the elite level and may be related to injury occurrence. Identification of the pattern of imbalance for different sports will enable muscle specific rehabilitation.
Preventing lower extremity sport injury through a high intensity neuromuscular training program in a junior high school setting
Authors: Richmond S , Emery C A , Doyle-Baker P K , Nettel-Aguirre A 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundNeuromuscular training programs have shown to decrease injury rates in sport specific domains; however, there is limited research in non-sport populations.ObjectiveExamine the effectiveness of reducing sport injury through a high intensity, neuromuscular training program aimed at school youth.DesignPilot, randomised controlled trial. Participants were randomised by school, to either intervention or control programs in year one. Year two, the intervention program was implemented in the control school.SettingPhysical education (PE) classes.Participants725 (year one) and 314 (year two) consenting participants aged 11–15.InterventionIntervention group completed a 15 min, high intensity, neuromuscular training warm-up, three times per week for 12 weeks. The control group warm-up was the same duration, with standard of care components.Main outcome measurementsSport injury, defined as any sport injury that required medical attention, and/or cessation of the activity, and/or time loss from sport. Secondary outcomes; aerobic fitness (VO2maximum (ml/kg/min), vertical jump (cm) and balance (s).ResultsIncidence rate ratios (IRR), adjusted for clustering by class, previous injury and exposure hours, estimated the intervention program was protective of all sport injury (IRR=0.29 (95% CI 0.18 to 0.46)), lower extremity injury (IRR=0.30 (95% CI 0.17 to 0.53)), and time loss injury (IRR=0.43 (95% CI 0.20 to 0.94)). The intervention group showed greater improvement in aerobic fitness (2.14 ml/kg/min (95% CI 1.17 to 2.59)) (t=-3.86, p=0.0001) and vertical jump (4.16 cm (95% CI 3.65 to 4.66)) (t=-3.67, p=0.0003) compared to the control group. No statistical differences were detected in balance measures.ConclusionsA neuromuscular training program implemented in PE classes was protective of all sport injury, lower extremity injury and time loss injury. Results pertaining to year two will be determined and presented.
Non-invasive measurement of local intratendinous strain using dynamic ultrasound an ex vivo validation experiment in a porcine patellar tendon
Authors: Geukens L , Fukagawa S , Scheys L , Labey L , Suetens P , Bellemans J , Peers K 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundEccentric exercises have proven to be an effective management option and prevention strategy in tendon overuse injuries (a challenging sport pathology). However, till date, these exercise protocols are undifferentiated and certainly don't take subregional stress and strain differences, which have frequently been mentioned as important etiological factors, in account. Knowledge on these biomechanical parameters, obtained by in vivo experiments, could optimise the exercise protocols.ObjectiveThe present experiment evaluates the feasibility of automatic, intensity-based, spatio-temporal elastic registration for non-invasive local strain measurement by speckle tracking on dynamic ultrasound movies.MethodsAn isolated porcine patellar tendon (tendon length of 60 mm) with bone parts at each side was placed in a loading frame with an ultrasound transducer orientated along the long axis of the tendon. Ultrasound recordings were made while the tendon was cyclically loaded at two different velocities (1 mm/s and 2 mm/s) and three different displacements (1.5 mm, 3 mm and 5 mm). Afterwards a precalibrated strain-gauge extensometer was inserted in the central 2.5 cm of the tendon and the same loading scheme was applied while recording ultrasound movies. The movies were processed, based on non-rigid elastic registration and speckle tracking, and these results were compared with the extensometer data.ResultsUltrasound strain values were comparable to extensometer strain data in four measurements (a- velocity 1.0 mm/s, displacement 1.5 mm: 0.8% strain difference; b- velocity 1.0 mm/s, displacement 3.0 mm: 0.6% strain difference; c- velocity 1.0 mm/s displacement 5.0 mm: 0.7% strain difference; d- velocity 2.0 mm/s, displacement 1.5 mm: strain difference 0.1%) resulting in a mean strain difference of 0.55%. The measurements at velocity 2 mm/s and 3.00 and 5.00 mm displacement were left out because of poor tracking in these recordings due to more out of plane movement.ConclusionIt seems feasible to obtain comparable strain values between extensometer measurements and speckle tracking on non-invasive ultrasound recordings.
The prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries in runners: a systematic review
Authors: Junior L C Hespanhol , Carvalho A C A , Costa L O P , Lopes A D 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundThe number of runners worldwide is large and still growing, and in the last 30 years the number of publications on running-related injuries has grown substantially. Many of these studies indicate the total rate of injuries and the most frequently injured body parts, but it is not describe what the injuries are.ObjectiveTo summarise the literature that focused on the most prevalent musculoskeletal running-related injuries.DesignA systematic review.SettingThe articles are related with long-distance runners without restriction of competitive level.InterventionsSearches were performed on MEDLINE, PEDro, LILACS and SCIELO. The keywords and operands used were: sport AND injuries AND running. There was no restriction with regards to the publication date. This search is updated up to September 2010.Main outcome measurementsWe extracted the following data from the selected papers: year of publication, authors, purpose of the study, study population characteristics, study design, which musculoskeletal running-related injuries was more frequent and the anatomical location of these injuries.ResultsOf 2043 found studies, 1767 were excluded by title, 153 were excluded after reading the abstract and 114 were excluded after reading the full report. Nine articles were considered eligible and therefore were included. The five most frequently running-related injuries found in the retrieved nine studies were the Patellofemoral Syndrome, Achilles Tendinopathy, Iliotibial Band Syndrome, Plantar Fasciitis and Tibial Stress Syndrome. The remaining injuries did not have their frequency sets well established.ConclusionThe most frequent running-related injury among long distance runners are the Patellofemoral Syndrome, followed by Achilles Tendinopathy, Iliotibial Band Syndrome and Plantar Fasciitis. We suggest that more prospective follow-up studies should be conducted and present their data through scoring injury per hours of running exposure.
Accident prevention in recreational alpine skiing: how good is the familiarity about the fis-regulations?
Authors: Hildebrandt C , Mildner E , Höbenreich C , Raschner C 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundThe conduct of participants in snow sport depends on the knowledge of the existing rules. Accidents can be avoided if there is sufficient familiarity with the skier's code published by the International Ski Federation (FIS).ObjectiveWe aimed to find out the knowledge of the FIS regulations, the intuitive behaviour in given situations and the general sense of security on ski slopes dependent on age, skiing ability and origin.DesignProspective, randomly survey.Settingrecreational alpine skiers in 17 Tyrolean ski resorts.Participants1450 recreational skiers were interviewed. More than 95% agreed to answer the questionnaire.InterventionsInterviews were conducted during the winter season 2008/2009 assessing personal data, knowledge about existing rules and the general perception of safety.Main outcome measurementsThe knowledge of existing rules on the ski slope.ResultsA total of 75.0% were aware that rules exist, 33.9% knew that they are termed FIS-Rules. 10.7% thought that no rules exist on the ski slope and 14.3% had no opinion. Young skiers (p=0.000) and beginners (p=0.001) possessed the least knowledge whereas local residents (p=0.000) and experts evidenced the best knowledge. Several risk-carrying situations were assessed incorrectly by a high percentage. 29.8% think that stopping on the slope is possible without any restrictions and 22.1% assume that they have priority when moving upwards. A low skiing ability seems to have the biggest influence.ConclusionThe present study revealed that beginners, young skiers and non-local residents had insufficient knowledge. Ski resorts and schools should target these high-risk groups. Better awareness of the FIS-Rules is possible with media campaigns.
Effects of anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention program on lower extremity alignment, isokinetic muscle strength and electromyographic activity
Authors: Hosokawa T , Sato K , Mitsueda S , Umehara H , Hidume K , Okada T , Kanisawa I , Tsuchiya A , Takahashi K , Sakai H 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundPrevious studies have suggested that increased valgus knee motion and decreased hamstring/quadriceps (H/Q) ratios can be risk factors of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of an ACL injury prevention program on these risk factors.DesignRandomised controlled trial.SettingThe evaluation was performed in a rehabilitation laboratory.Participants23 healthy females with no history of leg injuries participated in this study. They were randomly allocated to the intervention group (13 subjects) and the control group (10 subjects).InterventionAn ACL injury prevention program modified from previous studies was used with the intervention group for 6 weeks.Main outcome measurementsAll subjects performed a drop vertical jump from a 30 cm high box at pre and post training to assess knee alignment and the knee separation distances normalised by the hip separation distances (K/H ratio). Measurements were obtained from video data and these were used as parameters. Surface electromyography (EMG) data were analyzed to assess muscle activation of the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, semitendinosus, and biceps femoris for 50 ms immediately after initial ground contact. Isokinetic peak torque of knee extension and flexion at 60°/s were measured to calculate H/Q ratios.ResultsThe K/H ratio and the H/Q ratio significantly increased in the intervention groups (K/H ratio: 44.7% to 56.2%; H/Q ratio: 47.8% to 51.2%; p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in EMG activity. No parameters showed significant changes in the control group.ConclusionThis study suggests that the ACL injury prevention program is useful to decrease risk factors such as valgus knee motion and H/Q ratio.
The swedish athletics study: annual incidence of musculoskeletal injuries in élite athletics athletes
Authors: Jacobsson J , Timpka T , Ekberg J , Kowalski J , Nilsson S , Renström P 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundAthletics is one of the most popular global sports, but also one of the most demanding with regard to human physical capacities. There are few prospective epidemiological studies available on athletic injury in populations of élite athletes.ObjectiveTo describe annual injury incidence rates among adult and youth elite athletics athletes.DesignProspective cohort study using web-based data collection.SettingSwedish élite youth (U17) and adult athletics athletes. Data were collected between March 2009 and March 2010.Participants293 youth and adult athletes (97%) responded regularly to web-based questionnaires from an eligible study population of 301 athletes.Assessment of risk factorsAthlete's sex, age, event group, and athletics activity were assessed as risk factors.Main outcome measuresAnnual incidence of musculoskeletal injuries causing partial or complete absence from practice and competition.ResultsThe overall annual injury incidence among the participating athletes was 76%. There were no statistically significant differences in annual injury incidence between adult male (81%) and female (76%) or youth male (77%) and female (71%) athletes. Neither was there any statistically significant differences in annual injury incidence between the event groups (Throw 75%; Jump 78%; Multi-event 65%; Middle and long distance running 79%; Sprint 76%). 80% of the injuries occurred during practice and the remaining during competitions.ConclusionOnly one out of four Swedish élite athletic athletes are able to complete a season without sustaining at least one performance-limiting injury. The vast majority of the injuries are sustained during practice. There is an urgent need for prospective studies of risk factors related to practices regimes that can be used to inform injury prevention programs in athletics.
The canadian best practices portal for health promotion and chronic disease prevention: a place to go for program planning in injury prevention in sport
Authors: Jetha N , Volpe R , Gagné H , Renaud A , Campbell J 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundWhile participation in sports contributes to health and well being, it also increases risk for injury in both amateur and professional athletes. Consequently, the prevention of sport injuries ranks relatively high on the public health agenda. The Portal provides program planners with information needed to plan, implement and evaluate interventions.ObjectiveTo share the outcome of a partnership between the Portal and the Ontario Neurotrauma Foundation designed to increase the number of best practices available in the prevention of sport injuries on the Portal.DesignInformation about each best practice is compiled into an annotation summary for the Portal. These summaries link to program resources and tools, and outline features of the interventions such as strategies and theories.SettingThe best practices focus on a range programs that include bicycling, equestrian, ATV, snowmobile, snowboarding, football, rugby, hunting, and diving activities. Many of these sport-related interventions are delivered at sport facilities, while others are home-based or school-based.ParticipantsThe Portal's primary audiences are decision makers in health promotion, public health and chronic disease prevention, and non-government and voluntary organisation program coordinators.InterventionsThe Portal contains approximately 15 interventions related to prevention of injury in sports. A few examples of these interventions will be discussed in the presentation.Main outcome measurementsAll interventions housed on the Portal have been evaluated, shown to be successful, and have the potential to be adapted and replicated by other health practitioners working in similar fields.ResultsThe Portal is a place for program planners to get evidence-based best practices related to injury prevention in sports, which results in better program planning.ConclusionsThis presentation will provide a better understanding of the purpose of the Portal and of the scope of sport injury prevention information that can be found there.
The effect of a lace-up ankle brace on ankle injury rates in adolescent basketball players
Authors: McGuine T , Brooks A , Hetzel S 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundIt is widely accepted by many adolescent basketball players and their coaches that wearing a lace-up ankle brace will reduce the incidence of acute ankle injuries. To date there have been no prospective studies to determine if lace-up ankle braces reduce the incidence of ankle injuries in adolescent basketball players.ObjectivesTo determine whether a lace-up ankle brace reduces the incidence and severity of acute ankle injuries sustained by adolescent basketball players during one season.DesignProspective randomised controlled study using stratified cluster (school) randomisation.Participants1460 adolescent male and female (age 13–18) basketball players from 46 USA high schools.InterventionLace-up ankle brace.Main outcome measures(1) Rate and incidence of acute ankle injuries, (2) Ankle injury severity (days lost from participation). Injury rates were estimated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and compared between the intervention and control group using a log-rank test. The Cox Proportional Hazards model was utilised to examine the relationship between injury rate and ankle bracing while controlling for covariate. Injury severity was compared using the Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test.ResultsThe acute ankle injury rate (per 1000 exposures) was 1.41 in the control group, compared to 0.47 in the braced group. 75 controls (10.4%) sustained an acute ankle injury, compared to 26 athletes (3.5%) in the braced group (Cox HR 0.31, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.49). Lace-up ankle braces reduced the number of injuries in athletes with (HR 0.35, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.71) and without (HR 0.30, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.53) history of previous ankle injury. There was no difference (p=0.223) in the median number of days lost (braced group=5, controls=6).ConclusionLace-up ankle braces reduced the incidence of acute ankle injuries in male and female adolescent basketball players, independent of previous injury status.
Motion analysis of a single-limb squat with resistance
Authors: Kimura Y , Koyanagi M , Tanaka N , Nakae N , Ogawa T , Mukai K 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundThe activity of the gluteal muscles is important in preventing external valgus moment of the knee, which is a major factor in anterior cruciate ligament injury. Therefore, for the prevention of external valgus moment of the knee, we devised the resistive lateral leg reach exercise (RLLR), a single-limb squat with resistance which increases the load placed on the gluteal muscles.ObjectiveThis study investigated the biomechanical and electromyographic characteristics of the support leg during RLLR by comparison to those during the lateral leg reach exercise (LLR), which is similar to RLLR but with no resistance applied.DesignQuasi-experimental study.SettingControlled research laboratory.Participants10 asymptomatic male college students.InterventionsA 3D motion capture system and force plate were used to perform motion analysis. Surface electrodes recorded Electromyography activity at each muscle site (gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, biceps femoris, adductor magnus) during the exercises.Main outcome measurementsExternal knee valgus/varus moment and internal hip abduction/adduction moment of the support leg were calculated using a software suite. EMG root mean squared amplitude was normalised to a percentage of maximum voluntary contraction (%MVC).ResultsRLLR was characterised by a significantly larger internal hip abduction moment (43.7±16.0 Nm) and larger gluteus maximus activity (141±109%MVC) than those observed during LLR (26.1±12.7 Nm, 81±52%MVC, respectively).External knee valgus moment almost did not occur through the motion in RLLR, but did occur during LLR (12.6±9.0 Nm).ConclusionRLLR serves to increase the load on the gluteal muscles and can be effective for the prevention of external knee valgus moment. It appears to be a promising exercise to prevent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and to use in rehabilitation training after ACL reconstruction.
Overweight – a risk factor of overuse injuries in children? the childhood health, activity and motor performance school study – a 3-year controlled intervention study
Authors: Klakk H , Jespersen E , Wedderkopp N 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundIncreased adiposity is a well-recognised risk factor for tendon injuries in adults. The mechanisms could be excess biomechanical load and/or the low inflammatory condition caused by excess body fat. The issue has not been investigated in children.ObjectiveTo investigate if children (aged 8–12) with elevated body mass index (BMI) or total body fat% (TBF%) and/or abdominal fat% (AF%) experience more overuse injuries than ‘normal’ children, taking into account sport participation and physical activity.DesignA whole body DEXA scan was used to measure TBF% and AF% in 614 schoolchildren (aged 8–12). Standard anthropometric methods were used to measure waist circumference, weight and height. Physical activity was measured using the MTI accelerometer GT3. Complaints, injuries and sport participation were reported by answering text messages on a weekly basis (SMS-track). If an injury was reported, the child was seen and evaluated by a clinician (physiotherapist, chiropractor or orthopaedic surgeon), and clinical evaluation using ultrasound or MRI was performed when necessary, only diagnosed injuries were included.Main outcome measurementsThe primary outcome measures are the number and duration of diagnosed overuse injuries and the impact of BMI, TBF%/AF% will be analysed using cox regression for recurrent events as described by Wei, L. J., D. Y. Lin, and L. Weissfeld. 1989. The analyses will be adjusted for age, sport participation and objectively measured physical activity.Results and ConclusionResults and conclusion from 2 years follow-up will be reported at the conference.