bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical Outcomes of Epidural Hematoma in Trauma Patients with Absent Pupillary Reactions: A National Trauma Data Analysis
Authors: Ahmed Nasim , Kuo Yen-Hong , Shin Seung Hoon 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background Absent pupillary reaction occasionally heralds a poor prognosis following severe head injury. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the outcome of all patients who underwent acute evacuation of epidural hematoma (EDH) despite absent bilateral pupillary reaction.
Methods The Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) database for the calendar years 2017 and 2018 was accessed for the study. Adult patients ≥18 years of age who sustained severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) with the diagnosis of EDH and underwent evacuation of the hematoma were included in the study. The patients' characteristics, injury severity score (ISS), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, midline shift, and comorbidities were compared between patients who had absence of both pupillary reaction (ABPR) and those who presented with presence of both pupillary reaction (PBPR). The primary outcome of the study was in-hospital mortality. Propensity score matching analyses were performed for the study.
Results No significant differences were found between the ABPR and PBPR groups regarding the median age (37 years [interquartile range (IQR): 26–53] vs. 40 years [IQR: 28–55]), gender (males; 81.9 vs. 79.5%), median ISS (29 [25.5–34] vs. 27 [25–33]), GCS score (3 [3–4] vs. 3 [3–3], presence of significant midline shift (75.9 vs. 79.5%), and comorbidities. The patients who presented with ABPR had a significantly higher mortality (34.9 vs. 10.8%; p = 0.002). A higher number of patients were discharged to skilled nursing and rehabilitation facilities (16.7 vs. 10.8% and 46.3 vs. 41.9%, respectively; p = 0.045).
Conclusion Approximately 65% of severe TBI patients survived after the evacuation of the EDH despite the absence of pupillary reaction.
Pharmacological Material Basis of Chushi Weiling Decoction and Its Mechanism in Eczema and Herpes Zoster Based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, GC-MS, and Network Pharmacology
Authors: Ren Junxuan , Wang Yan , Li Qinlin , Ouyang Danwei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChushi Weiling Decoction (CWD) is a classic prescription in traditional Chinese medicine used to treat dampness-heat skin diseases. However, the material composition of CWD and its therapeutic mechanism remained largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the pharmacological material basis of CWD and their potential therapeutic effects using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and network pharmacology. In this work, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and GC-MS technologies were used to identify the main components of CWD. The UPLC-Q-TOF MS analysis was performed on a Thermo-Accucore aQ C18 (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 2.6 μm; ThermoFisher, United States) with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile–0.1% formic acid aqueous solution in MSE mode. The GC-MS analysis was performed on an HP-5MS UI (0.25 mm × 30 m × 0.25 μm; Agilent, United States) of headspace injection. Treatment mechanisms of eczema and herpes zoster were explored using network pharmacology methods and enrichment analysis. Our data showed that there were 194 compounds identified using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and 92 compounds identified using GC-MS. The mass spectrometric fragmentation rules of terpenoids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, phenolic acid esters, and alkaloids in CWD were summarized. Network pharmacology provided targets and pathways, and molecular docking indicated that alisol J 23-acetate, kaempferol, anomalin, and cinnamaldehyde tend to combine with target proteins in a good case at a low level of binding energy. Given the above, this study provides a reference for the material basis of CWD, and suggests that CWD may play a therapeutic role in eczema and herpes zoster by (1) anti-inflammatory, antiviral, mediating immune response; and (2) regulating steroid metabolism.
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy-Induced Complex Common Bile Duct Injury: Will Rescue ERCP Help?
Authors: Vadgaonkar Amol , Parekh Sanil , Kamat Nagesh , Patil Gaurav , Dalal Ankit , Vora Sehajad , Pendse Swara , Maydeo Amit 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA 33-year-old woman presented for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC)-induced accidental transection of the common bile duct at the level of confluence and common hepatic duct cutoff (E5–Bismuth type 5 injury) along with transected indwelling biliary stent hanging in the right posterior duct (RPD). At endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), the distal fragment was removed. The RPD stent was cannulated across and retrieved, followed by three plastic stents in the right and left hepatic duct. Prompt referral of a bile duct injury during LC to a specialized center with timely ERCP saved the day and averted the need for surgical intervention.
Electrosurgery in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: Bench to Bedside
Authors: Nabi Zaheer , Lopez Priscilla , Reddy D. Nageshwar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractElectrosurgical generator units (ESUs) are instrumental in modern therapeutic gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy, converting household alternating current into high-frequency current to generate thermal energy within tissues. This review elucidates the essentials of electrosurgery, exploring the thermal effects on tissue, current resistance, voltage, current density, duty cycle, crest factor, and the distinctions between monopolar and bipolar circuitry. The concept of duty cycle, the proportion of time electrical current is delivered, and crest factor, the ratio of peak to root mean square voltage, are essential while comparing differently named modes across various commercially available ESUs. This article discusses the practical applications of electrosurgery in therapeutic GI endoscopy procedures, including endoscopic sphincterotomy, polypectomy, endoscopic mucosal resection, endoscopic submucosal dissection, and peroral endoscopic myotomy. It outlines recommended modes and settings for ESUs across various procedures, emphasizing the balance between cutting and coagulation to achieve optimal outcomes while minimizing adverse effects. The review further addresses special considerations for the use of grounding pads and the management of patients with implanted cardiac devices during electrosurgical procedures. This article concludes with a call for a deeper understanding of electrosurgical principles and their application in GI endoscopy to ensure patient safety and procedural success, backed by references to relevant literature and detailed tables summarizing electrosurgical modes and settings for various therapeutic interventions.
Gene Therapy for Hemophilia B: Achievements, Open Issues, and Perspectives
Authors: Castaman Giancarlo , Miesbach Wolfgang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHemophilia B is the first bleeding disorder for which gene therapy clinical programs began. Presently, adenovirus-associated vectors represent the best means to deliver the transgene, and their administration by intravenous route has been used in recent clinical trials. The natural occurring factor IX (FIX) Padua variant, which allows for a 5- to 8-fold higher activity of FIX, while maintaining a normal protein concentration, was subsequently used to enhance the level of transgene expression. All the recent trials using this variant showed good results, and accumulating data suggest that long-term expression durability could be maintained at a significant hemostatic level. However, the risk of loss of transgene expression associated to immune response with liver enzymes elevation remains a concern, especially as to the efficacy and duration of immunosuppressive treatment. Notwithstanding this limitation, the results of clinical trials suggest that gene therapy in hemophilia B has the potential to provide long-term benefits with sustained factor activity levels predicted to last several years in many patients.
What difference does one course make? Assessing the impact of content-based instruction on students’ sustainability literacy
Authors: Erguvan Inan Deniz 
Published: May 2024

AbstractComposition studies, with their cross-disciplinary role in students’ academic lives, can be essential in placing sustainability at the center of students’ learning. This research assessed the impact of content-based instruction on students’ sustainability literacy in a first-year composition course through a mixed-method design. In the quantitative part of this case study, 221 students in different classes of a first-year writing course in a higher education institute in Kuwait during the Fall term of 2022 were first given a pretest to determine their sustainability literacy levels. During a 6-week period, 121 students participated in the content-based instruction emphasizing sustainability, while 100 students comprised the control group, receiving curriculum without any emphasis on sustainability. The allocation of students in these two groups was random, determined solely by the classes they were enrolled in at the beginning of the semester. At the end of the semester, both the experimental and control groups were given a posttest to measure the impact of the instruction on their sustainability literacy levels. For the qualitative component, 60 students from the experimental group and 60 students from the control group were tasked with composing an essay identifying Kuwait’s major sustainability challenges and proposing corresponding solutions. The impact of content-based instruction on students’ literacy levels was measured by conducting a qualitative and quantitative content analysis on their writing. The results showed that the experimental group students made statistically significant improvements in their sustainable literacy levels, scored better on the posttest, used more sustainability terms and concepts, and identified more sustainability-related challenges and solutions in their essays.
Putting algorithmic bias on top of the agenda in the discussions on autonomous weapons systems
Authors: Bhila Ishmael 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBiases in artificial intelligence have been flagged in academic and policy literature for years. Autonomous weapons systems—defined as weapons that use sensors and algorithms to select, track, target, and engage targets without human intervention—have the potential to mirror systems of societal inequality which reproduce algorithmic bias. This article argues that the problem of engrained algorithmic bias poses a greater challenge to autonomous weapons systems developers than most other risks discussed in the Group of Governmental Experts on Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems (GGE on LAWS), which should be reflected in the outcome documents of these discussions. This is mainly because it takes longer to rectify a discriminatory algorithm than it does to issue an apology for a mistake that occurs occasionally. Highly militarised states have controlled both the discussions and their outcomes, which have focused on issues that are pertinent to them while ignoring what is existential for the rest of the world. Various calls from civil society, researchers, and smaller states for a legally binding instrument to regulate the development and use of autonomous weapons systems have always included the call for recognising algorithmic bias in autonomous weapons, which has not been reflected in discussion outcomes. This paper argues that any ethical framework developed for the regulation of autonomous weapons systems should, in detail, ensure that the development and use of autonomous weapons systems do not prejudice against vulnerable sections of (global) society.
A scanning probe microscope compatible with quantum sensing at ambient conditions
Authors: Bian Ke , Zheng Wentian , Chen Xiakun , Zhang Shichen , Stöhr Rainer , Denisenko Andrej , Yang Sen , Wrachtrup Jörg , Jiang Ying 
Published: May 2024

We designed and built up a new type of ambient scanning probe microscope (SPM), which is fully compatible with state-of-the-art quantum sensing technology based on the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. We chose a qPlus-type tuning fork (Q up to ∼4400) as the current/force sensor of SPM for its high stiffness and stability under various environments, which yields atomic resolution under scanning tunneling microscopy mode and 1.2-nm resolution under atomic force microscopy mode. The tip of SPM can be used to directly image the topography of nanoscale targets on diamond surfaces for quantum sensing and to manipulate the electrostatic environment of NV centers to enhance their sensitivity up to a single proton spin. In addition, we also demonstrated scanning magnetometry and electrometry with a spatial resolution of ∼20 nm. Our new system not only paves the way for integrating atomic/molecular-scale color-center qubits onto SPM tips to produce quantum tips but also provides the possibility of fabricating color-center qubits with nanoscale or atomic precision.
Precise landmark-map for bundle adjustment LiDAR odometry
Authors: Tan Xiaojun , Qin Xiangyi , Chen Nanjie , Zhang Letian , Jie Lu , Shen Ying , Wu Jiezhang , You Linlin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
LiDAR odometry is a critical part of LiDAR simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). However, existing methods often suffer from the gradual accumulation of errors. Furthermore, the intensive computational requirements of processing large-scale global landmarks make it impractical to directly introduce bundle adjustment(BA) into real-time odometry. To overcome these challenges, this article presents a new strategy named precise landmark-map for BA odometry. First, BA odometry is optimized by a new active landmark maintenance strategy, aiming to improve local registration accuracy and mitigate error accumulation. Specifically, in contrast to conventional methods that only retain feature points within the sliding window, this paper retains all stable landmarks on the map and removes landmarks based on their level of activity. Moreover, computational efficiency is improved by minimizing the sliding window size and implementing marginalization to maintain scans that are outside the window but associated with active landmarks on the map. In addition, experiments on three challenging datasets validate the real-time performance of our algorithm in outdoor driving scenarios, outperforming state-of-the-art LiDAR SLAM algorithms like Lego-LOAM and VLOM.
Demonstration of a superconducting train with LEGO® Mindstorms
Authors: Nishiwaki Yoichi , Takashige Masaaki 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We have constructed a magnetic rail system that allows a superconductor to travel in a loop for a long time, similar to a maglev train. The system incorporates a Lego Mindstorms-controlled escalator that automatically cools the superconducting train with liquid nitrogen after each lap. As a result, the superconducting train is able to run continuously for over an hour. This demonstration will motivate students to learn physics and materials science.
Analysis of hyperbolic magneto-hydrodynamic [HMHD] wave propagation through neutrino-coupled plasma
Authors: Dashora R , Pensia R K , Dashora H , Mansuri S 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
By using the Hyperbolic Magneto Hydrodynamic model, we investigated the propagation dynamics of a neutrino-coupled plasma system, with the influence of Hall current, rotation, viscosity and finite electrical resistivity. The general dispersion relation is obtained from the perturbed equations for both the Jean’s and neutrino beam instability. The effect of different parameters has been discussed in both parallel and perpendicular modes of wave propagation. The Jean’s instability condition is modified due to the presence of Hall current, Magnetic field and neutrino in both modes of propagation. The growth rate of the neutrino beam is affected by Hall current, viscosity magnetic field and rotation in both propagating modes. We also show the effect of different parameters on the growth rate of a neutrino-coupled plasma system through a graphical presentation.
Thermal-noise-limited ultra-stable laser operated at 698 nm
Authors: Zhang Lin-Bo , Chen Long , Dong Rui-Fang , Liu Tao , Zhang Shou-Gang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Ultra-stable lasers are indispensable in high precision measurements. Here we demonstrate an ultra-stable laser system that reaches the thermal noise limit of the optical cavity for the 698 nm clock transition laser of strontium atomic optical clock. This is achieved by locking the frequency of the external-cavity diode laser (ECDL) to a full ULE optical cavity with a length of 10 cm. By suppressing noise such as temperature disturbance, vibration, residual amplitude modulation (RAM), and fiber phase noise, the measured laser linewidth is less than 0.9 Hz. After subtracting the linear drift of 60 mHz/s, the frequency instability of the beat signal reaches 1.2 × 10−15 at 1 s averaging time, which is close to the thermal noise limit of the optical cavity.
Thermoelectric transport properties of surface states in three-dimensional topological insulator film
Authors: Wang Kai-Tong , Wang Hui , Liu Shijie , Lv Zhen-Long , Wei Miaomiao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We study the thermoelectric properties of surface states in three-dimensional topological insulator film. The typical Seebeck and Nernst effects are numerically investigated. As the surface states lie in the quantum spin Hall phase, the Seebeck coefficient Sc is an odd function of Fermi energy while the Nernst coefficient Nc is an even function. Sc and Nc show peaks when the Fermi energy crosses different propagating modes. Under the magnetic field, some abnormal peaks appear in Sc due to the exotic hump-shape energy band. By magnetically doping the film, the quantum anomalous Hall states dominate the system transport, the Seebeck coefficient remains an odd function at zero magnetic field. However, when a magnetic field is applied, it breaks the electron-hole symmetry, the parity of Seebeck and Nernst coefficients is disrupted. With the emergence of the quantum pseudospin Hall phase, two huge peaks generate in the Seebeck and Nernst coefficients. Furthermore, it is found that a strong magnetic field can open the band gap, which can distinguish the contributions of electrons and holes to the Seebeck and Nernst effects.
The role of interface energetics in Sb2Se3 thin film solar cells
Authors: Gokula Krishnan B , T M Amirthalakahmi , Thandaiah Prabu R , Kumar Atul 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We comprehensively simulated the interface energetics at the Sb2Se3/CdS interfaces and showed its impact on device performance. The interface discontinuity, band bending at interface and energy level alignment generates interfaces issues and must be optimized for an optimal device performance. The design parameters for controlling interface. Metal contact work function preferably higher than electron affinity (EA) and Fermi level (EF) combined (EA + EF), should result in near Ohmic behaviour of contact. Secondly electron affinity of buffer could be tuned to achieve small positive conduction bandoffset (spike barrier) at absorber/buffer interface which lowers the chances of recombination through interface states. A pn
+ configuration with highly doped buffer layer, as compared to p-absorber, is favourable as it will extend depletion in absorber, providing additional drift to photo-generated carriers. Lastly, acceptor defect at Sb2Se3-CdS interface generate surface inversion and detrimental to performance. Donor defects occupying interface states are preferred condition for optimal device performance. We have compiled the optimal ranges for these controlling parameters, to achieve theoretically ideal values of energy level alignment and energetics, leading to optimal performance.
The role of local structure and preferential site occupancy on the saturation magnetization of the Y2.97Gd0.03Fe5O12 ferrite
Authors: Matilla-Arias J , Guerrero F , Gonçalves M , Viana Bartolomeu C , Guerra Y , Mariño-Castellanos P A , Govea-Alcaide E , Peña-Garcia Ramón R 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Herein, we present a comprehensive crystallographic and magnetic study of the Gd0.03Y2.97Fe5O12 ferrite, synthesized via the sol–gel method. Rietveld refinement and Raman spectrum confirmed the single-phase cubic structure formation. Furthermore, the atomic positions, the local structure distortion, lattice parameters (12.398(1) Å), volume (1905.6(4) Å3), and the average crystallite size (68.3(9) nm) were also determined. Using a phenomenological model was confirmed that the Gd3+ ions prefer to occupy the dodecahedral sites. The micrographic images obtained by scanning electron and transmission microscopies corroborated the agglomerated coral style of the particles. From the magnetic study, it was verified that the Gd3+ ions induce a negative contribution to the net magnetic moment in the Gd0.03Y2.97Fe5O12 ferrite. In addition, was demonstrated that the a-d super-exchange interaction weakening is not the main mechanism that determines the saturation magnetization for the studied compound. Instead, the negative contribution of the Gd3+ ion’s magnetic moment in dodecahedral sites is the determining physical mechanism of saturation magnetization.
Anisotropic stellar evolution and exotic matter
Authors: Mumtaz Saadia , Manzoor Rubab , Zulfiqar Aneesa , Iftikhar Sehrish 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the stability of isotropic pressure conditions for a spherically symmetric dissipative fluid distribution in the framework of

f
(
G
,
T
)

gravity. We consider the fluid to be composed of seen and exotic matter particles. The Gauss Bonnet terms represent exotic matter particles. For the physical significance of the pressure isotropy conditions, we transform the system into the hydrostatic equilibrium approximation. We observe the presence of shear, dissipative fluxes, energy density inhomogeneities, and prominently, the exotic matter tends to abandon isotropy leading to pressure anisotropy. It is found that exotic matter and dissipation are major factors that induce matter anisotropy in the evolving stellar system. In order to discuss the physical significance of the stellar model in

f
(
G
,
T
)

gravity, the behaviour of stellar structure is explored according to the observational data of a compact star 4U1820 − 30. It is found that

f
(
G
,
T
)

terms indicating the exotic material in the stellar model plays a vital role in governing the dynamics of the evolution. To strengthen the results, we also incorporate some arguments by choosing an axially symmetric case.
Effects of stimulated emission and superradiant growth of non-spherical axion cluster
Authors: Chen Liang , Huang Da , Geng Chao-Qiang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We explore the stimulated emission of photons in non-spherical axion clusters with or without the axion source from the superradiance of a rotating black hole (BH). In particular, we focus on the cluster with the initial axion distribution in the (l,m)=(1,1) mode which mimics the shape of an axion cloud induced by the BH superradiance. After establishing the hierarchy of Boltzmann equations governing a general non-spherical axion-photon system, we examine the evolution of photon and axion distributions in the cluster and possible stimulated emission signals. In the case without the axion source, the resultant signal would be a single photon pulse. As for the system with the BH superradiance as the axion source, multiple pulses are predicted. We also show that, for the latter case, the combined effects of stimulated emissions and the axion production from the BH superradiance could reach a balance where the axion cluster becomes uniformly and spherically distributed.
Due to the energy and temporal characteristics of the obtained pulses, we demonstrate that the stimulated emissions from the axion cluster with axions sourced by the BH superradiance provide a candidate explanation to the observed fast radio bursts.