bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐dependent Changes in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Responses to Exercise in Beagle Dogs
Authors: Strasser A. , Simunek M. , Seiser M. , Hofecker G. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThere is little data available on age‐dependent changes in cardiovascular and metabolic functional capacity in older dogs and their geriatric importance, although the frequency of cardiovascular diseases increases with age in the dog, too. Thus we investigated major cardiovascular and metabolic parameters during and after physical exercise by treadmill‐running in 5–10‐ year‐old Beagles. We analysed electrocardiograms, body temperature, haematology, blood chemistry and blood gases. There were hardly any significant differences in the baseline values at rest in the younger dogs as compared with the older ones. However, in many of these parameters, significant differences became manifest after exercise. In the younger animals we measured significantly higher values of haematocrit, red blood cell count and haemoglobin concentration after exercise by treadmill running. Furthermore, we also found a significantly lower venous oxygen tension and lower oxygen saturation in venous blood as well as a significant lower plasma glucose level in the older animals during the recovery period. Heart rate during and immediately after exercise, as well as body temperature after exercise, was significantly lower in the older animals. Almost all of our examined parameters that change significantly with age during and after exercise (e.g. heart rate, plasma glucose, body temperature and red blood cells) are modulated at least partly by catecholamines and the sympathetic system. We were able to demonstrate in our investigation that the ageing of the cardiovascular system also results in a progressive loss of organ reserve and adaptability, presumably due at least in part to functional changes in the catecholaminergic system. This age‐related decline in the functional capability of the cardiovascular system probably creates a basis for cardiovascular diseases in older age.
Ectomesenchymoma of the Medulla Oblongata in a Calf
Authors: Kuniyoshi S. , Ishikawa Y. , Kadota K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAn ectomesenchymoma was found in a 62‐day‐old female calf, and examined immunohistochemically. The neoplastic cells were characterized by positive immunostaining for neurofilaments, glial fibrillary acidic protein, alpha smooth muscle actin, myoglobin, and keratin. This tumour, which displayed neurocytic, astrocytic, and myoblastic differentiation, may have arisen from pluripotential ectomesenchyme. Brain tumours showing multidirectional phenotypic expression presumably occur mainly in fetuses or calves.
Training as an Influential Factor on the Locomotor Pattern in Andalusian Horses
Authors: Muñoz A. , Santisteban R. , Rubio M. D. , Vivo R. , Agüera E. I. , Escribano B. M. , Castejón F. M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe physiological and metabolic adaptations to exercise of the Andalusian horse seem to differ slightly from those found in other breeds. The authors studied the locomotor adaptation of 18 Andalusian horses to a training programme in relation to anaerobic energy metabolism, efficacy of the training programme, and changes associated with the onset of fatigue. They also tried to find out if these changes had become diminished by training. Several locomotor variables during trotting and galloping were determined and plasma lactate concentrations were measured before training and after two training periods of different lengths. While trotting after training, an increase in the duration of the restraint phase, a reduction in the propulsion phase and a decrease in the duration and length of step were observed. During galloping, training caused a reduction in stride length but an increase in stride frequency. Significant correlations were obtained between stride duration, frequency and length of step and lactate concentrations. The training might have caused a shift in metabolism from anaerobic to aerobic predominance. This reduction was coupled with a decrease in stride duration, in response to a shorter stance phase duration and an increase in stride frequency. A reduction in the fatigue level was not observed. The study concludes that this training programme was not sufficient for improving the physical capacity of Andalusian horses.
Pharmacokinetics and Penetration of Marbofloxacin from Blood into the Milk of Cows and Ewes
Authors: Shem‐Tov M. , Ziv G. , Glickman A. , Saran A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe single‐dose disposition kinetics of marbofloxacin were determined in lactating cows and ewes after intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration of 2, 2.5 and 4 mg/kg. Drug concentrations in blood and milk were determined by microbiological assay and the data were subjected to compartmental and non‐compartmental kinetic analyses. In cows, me i.v. serum elimination half‐life (t1/2β) was approximately 2 h and the i.m. serum elimination half‐life (t1/2el) was approximately 3h. The mean steady‐state volume of distribution (Vss) was 1.5 l/kg for the cows and 0.6 l/kg for the ewes. The im. availability was nearly 100% for both cows and ewes. Drug penetration into the milk was rapid and extensive with milk marbofloxacin concentrations exceeding those in serum 2 h after administration. Milk drug concentrations equal to or greater than the minimal inhibitory concentrations for the majority of gram‐negative udder pathogens were maintained for approximately 12 h after i.v. and i.m. treatment of 2–4 mg/kg. The drug was not detected in milk 24 h after treatment (sensitivity limit of assay = 0.05 μg/ml).
Hydrocephalus with Periventricular Encephalitis in the Dog
Authors: Cantile C. , Arispici M. , Modenato M. , Fatzer R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA 3‐month‐old female Dalmatian dog and a 2.5‐month‐old Poodle dog were referred with a sudden onset of neurological syndrome consistent with hydrocephalus. Clinical signs included depression, severe ataxia, eye abnormalities and skull enlargment in one case. Postmorten examination revealed severe internal hydrocephalus with cavitation of the cerebral white matter associated with necrotizing and inflammatory lesions of the periventricular nervous tissue. Although no bacteria were isolated from cerebrospinal fluid and no infectious agents were detected in the brains, an infectious etiology was postulated.
Separation and Quantification of Corticosteroid‐induced, Bone and Liver Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzymes in Canine Serum
Authors: Syakalima M. , Takiguchi M. , Yasuda J. , Hashimoto A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryQuantifying alkaline phosphatase (ALP) isoenzymes in canine serum would provide a useful index in a clinical laboratory. To achieve this goal, we tested a semi‐automatic assay combining wheat germ lectin (WGL) precipitation and chemical inhibition of isoenzymes of the TNS gene with levamisole to quantify bone ALP (BALP) and corticosteroid‐induced ALP (CALP), respectively. The liver ALP (LALP) isoenzyme was then calculated from the equation:TALP = BALP+LALP+CALPBALP, LALP and CALP standards from serum of puppies, bile‐duct ligated dogs and dogs on 4.4 mg/kg/day prednisolone for 30 days, respectively, were used. The suitability of standard sera was tested by affinity electrophoresis.Levamisole (4.2 mM) inhibits 98% of BALP and LALP but only 42% CALP. Multiplying measured CALP by 1.8 gives the total CALP value in serum. WGL precipitated 92.3% BALP, 23.3% LALP and 26.8% heated CALP standards. These values were used to adjust precipitated ALP to obtain the exact levels of BALP. WGL was then tested on pooled serum standards in which the relative proportions of all the ALPs were known and controlled. BALP was adequately quantified except when LALP and CALP levels were extremely high. The assay was also applicable under conditions resulting in high ALP.Therefore, combining WGL and levamisole inhibition provides an adequate separation and quantification of canine ALP isoenzymes. The method has great potential for diagnostic use and should be tested further for routine implementation.
Haematological Changes in West African Dwarf Goats Following Haemorrhage
Authors: Oyewale J. O. , Okewumi T. O. , Olayemi F. O. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryChanges in haematological parameters were determined in West African Dwarf goats subjected to a 30% haemorrhage. Analyses were made before and at the end of bleeding and at 1, 4 and 24 h after haemorrhage. Significant decreases in the red blood cell count, packed cell volume and haemoglobin concentration, which are reportedly due to haemodilution by interstitial fluid were found after haemorrhage. Although the mean corpuscular volume remained normal, the mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte osmotic fragility decreased significandy 24 h posthaemorrhage. The total white blood cell count increased significantly 4 or 24 h after haemorrhage due to increases in the neutrophil and eosinophil counts. However, the monocyte, basophil and lymphocyte counts were unaltered.
A Method for Measuring Capillary Bleeding Time in Non‐Anaesthetized Dogs: Prolongation of the Bleeding Time by Acetylsalicylic Acid
Authors: Nolte I. , Niemann C. , Bowry S. K. , Failing K. , Müller‐Berghaus G. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA reproducible standardized method for measuring capillary bleeding time (CBT) in dogs is presented. The skin was punctured at the toe from a forelimb of non‐anaesthetized dogs parallel to the edge of the horny skin of the pad. Before the procedure, a cuff of a sphygmometer was placed above the antibrachium and a hyperaemie agent was applied to the shaved area. The normal CBT in non‐anaesthetized dogs was 2.25 ± 0.76 min (x ± SD). After injection of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (20 mg/kg body weight), CBT was prolonged up to 25 min. Platelet aggregation in response to 10 μg collagen/ml was decreased in parallel after treatment with ASA.
Cutaneous, Multilocular T‐cell Lymphosarcoma in a Horse— Clinical, Ultrasonographic and Pathological Findings
Authors: Kofler J. , Kübber‐Heiss A. , Schilcher F. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryClinical, ultrasonographic and pathological findings of a cutaneous, multilocular T‐cell lymphosarcoma (malignant lymphoma) in a 13‐year‐old, brown Austrian warmblood mare are reported. The horse was under clinical observation, and the tumours were sonographically monitored over an 8 month period, revealing worsening of body condition, weight loss, lameness of the left hindlimb and a slight increase in the tumours size. Most of the tumours were covered by normal skin, one showed ulceration. Ultrasonography of the tumours allowed accurate anatomical localization in relation to the adjoining tissue, assessment of their internal structure, of involvement of adjacent muscles and of a regional lymph node, and it facilitated the percutaneous fine‐needle aspiration. Necropsy confirmed muscular infiltration in three locations. Light microscopy and immunohistology led to the diagnosis of a T‐cell lymphosarcoma.
Field Isolates of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae Exhibit Distinct Cytopathic Effects in Ovine Tracheal Organ Cultures
Authors: Niang M. , Rosenbusch R. F. , DeBey M. C. , Niyo Y. , Andrews J. J. , Kaeberle M. L. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryOvine tracheal ring explants were infected with four different Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and one M. arginini field isolate and their ability to induce cytopathic effects was tested by measuring ciliary activity and intracellular calmodulin release. Infected tracheal rings showed significantly decreased ciliary activity as compared to the non‐infected control rings. There were, however, marked differences between isolates in the onset and severity of the effects which correlated with their ability to produce hydrogen peroxide. Infected tracheal rings released more calmodulin than the non‐infected controls. The amount of calmodulin released also varied between isolates, and somewhat reflected the degree of loss of ciliary activity in the corresponding rings induced by the different isolates. Light and electron microscopic examinations of infected tracheal rings revealed disorganisation and sloughing of the epithelium, and association of mycoplasmas only with the cilia. Following repeated in vitro passages, the organisms had reduced ability to inhibit ciliary activity which correlated with decreased hydrogen peroxide production. Addition of catalase to the organ cultures delayed loss of ciliary activity. These results suggest that M. ovipneumoniae induced ciliostasis in ovine tracheal ring explants which correlated with hydrogen peroxide production. Furthermore, these M. ovipneumoniae‐induced injuries to respiratory epithelial cells could contribute to the role that this organism may play in sheep respiratory disease.
Effect of Cisapride on Myoelectrical Activity of the Gastrointestinal Tract in the Conscious Miniature Pig
Authors: Wechsung E. , Houvenaghel A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn conscious miniature pigs with electrodes implanted in the wall of the antrum pylori, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and caecum, the influence of intravenous injection of cisapride, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg, on gastrointestinal myoelectrical activity, was examined. Cisapride, 1 mg/kg, induced a delayed and sustained increase in antral myoelectrical activity. The studied intestinal segments were rather insensitive to the stimulating effect of the benzamide, since only the jejunum and the caecum revealed an increase in myoelectrical activity with the higher dose studied.
Changes of Histamine Concentration in Chicken Oviduct During the Egg‐Laying Cycle
Authors: Paczoska‐Eliasiewicz H. , RZąsa J. , Mika M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThis study was undertaken to determine histamine concentration in chicken oviductal parts (infundibulum, magnum, isthmus and shell gland) in relation to the egg location within the oviduct and ovulation. The experiment was performed on Hisex Brown laying hens with regular sequences of at least four eggs. Ovulation occurred within 5–15 min of oviposition of the previous egg in the series. Histamine was determined spectrofluorometrically in the following stages of the egg‐laying cycle: during c2oviposition; 0.5 h, 6.5 h, 12.5 h and 18.5 h after c2oviposition; and during c3oviposition. Irrespective of the egg formation stage histamine concentration in the examined oviductal parts was arranged in the following order: infundibulum > magnum > isthmus > shell gland. During the egg‐laying cycle histamine concentration significantly changed. During oviposition, i.e. just before ovulation of the next egg in the series, histamine concentration significantly increased in the infundibulum while 6.5 h after oviposition, i.e. about 1.5 h of the egg stay in the shell gland, there was a significant increase in histamine concentration both in the infundibulum and the shell gland. In the magnum histamine concentration was elevated when the ovum entered the segment, i.e. 0.5 h after oviposition. There were no changes in histamine concentration in the isthmus. It is suggested that histamine participates in the local events taking place in the hen oviduct during the egg formation cycle.
Diagnosis of Aujeszky's Disease Virus Infection in Dogs by Use of Immunohistochemistry andIn‐SituHybridization
Authors: Quiroga M. I. , Nieto J. M. , Sur J. , Osorio F. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAujeszky's disease (AD) was diagnosed in seven dogs by histological examination, immunohistochemistry and DNAin‐situhybridization. All dogs which lived on two swine farms died spontaneously showing an acute neurological syndrome (hypersalivation, vomiting, pruritus, depression and coma). The most significant histopathological lesion was a non‐suppurative encephalitis located in the brain stem, mainly near the floor of the IVth ventricle. Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) antigen and ADV nucleic acid distribution coincided with the histopathological lesions. However, little ADV antigen and ADV nucleic acid was found in severely damaged areas. A few neurons stained intensely by immunohistochemistry andin‐situhybridization in non‐inflamatory areas. Both immunohistochemistry andin‐situhybridization techniques are valid techniques to confirm ADV infection in paraffin‐embedded tissues and will be useful for characterizing the pathogenesis of ADV in the central nervous system (CNS) in carnivores.
High Incidence of Cardiac Arrhythmias in Broiler Chickens
Authors: Olkowski A. A. , Classen H. L. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA study was completed to characterize cardiac arrhythmias in broiler chickens. The data were collected from 505 (265 males and 240 females) commercial broilers. Electrocardiograph (ECG) readings were obtained from all birds between 7 and 9, 21 and 23, and 42 and 44 days of age. For comparison, ECG recordings were also collected from 180 broiler breeders at 3 and 8 weeks of age, and from 100 6‐week‐old Brown Leghorn and 100 6‐week‐old Barred Plymouth Rock chicks. The measurements included evaluation of heart rhythm, and incidence of ascites and of sudden death syndrome (SDS). Heart arrhythmias in broiler breeders or in the two other breeds examined were sporadic. Cardiac arrhythmias in broiler chickens were seen as early as 7 days of age. The incidence of arrhythmias increased with age. At 42–44 days of age 17% of the broiler population showed disrhythmia. The incidence was higher in male broilers (P < 0.012) in comparison to females. The most frequently observed disturbances of the rhythm were ventricular arrhythmias (VA), the most common being premature ventricular contractions (PVC). In most cases PVC occurred as one or two episodes, but in several birds, runs of three or more consecutive PVCs occurred. Unifocal PVCs were considerably more frequent than multifocal PVCs. Sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) was least frequent. Heart‐related mortalities were observed only in broiler chickens. There were 23 SDS cases (4.55% of the population) and 13 birds developed ascites (2.25% of the population). Male broilers had a higher incidence of SDS (P < 0.027) and ascites (P = 0.064) compared to females. Males represented 74% of all SDS cases and 77% of all ascites cases. Whereas three birds that died of SDS and one bird that developed ascites had a history of VA, five birds that developed ascites had a history of conduction block. It has been concluded that, compared to other chickens, the hearts of broiler chickens are considerably more susceptible to arrhythmias. Cardiac arrhythmias are involved in the pathogenesis of SDS and are likely in some cases of ascites.
Evaluation of the Analytical Performance of an Enzyme Immunometric Assay (EIA) Designed to Measure Endogenous Thyroid‐Stimulating Hormone (TSH) in Canine Serum Samples
Authors: Iversen L. , Høier R. , Jensen A. L. , Skydsgaard M. , Koch J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe analytical performance of a commercially available enzyme immunometric assay (EIA) designed to measure endogenous thyroid‐stimulating hormone (cTSH) concentration in canine serum samples was evaluated. The precision of the assay was acceptable with intra‐ and inter‐assay coefficients of variation (CV) of 5 and 11%, respectively. The assay maintained linearity under dilution and recovered added cTSH in a linear and proportional manner. The limit of detection (0.03 μg/L) was well below the values measured in serum from dogs with primary hypothyroidism (median value 1.52 μg/L). Further, the assay clearly distinguished dogs with primary hypothyroidism from clinically healthy dogs (P = 0.0004). Based on these findings, it was concluded that the analytical performance of the assay was acceptable.
Clinical, Haematological, Metabolic and Endocrine Traits During the First Three Months of Life of Suckling Simmentaler Calves Held in a Cow‐Calf Operation1
Authors: Egli C. P. , Blum J. W. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryNewborn suckling Simmentaler calves (10 males and 9 females) in a cow‐calf operation were examined from birth up to the age of 3 months. The average daily gain from 47 to 120 kg was 0.86 kg. Except for higher average daily weight gains and insulin‐like growth factor‐I concentrations and lower thyroid hormone levels in male than female calves, there were no significant sex differences. Plasma glucose, total protein and immunoglobulin G concentrations increased on day 1 of life, thrombocyte number and plasma triglyceride concentrations rose during the first 7 days, whereas lymphocyte and monocyte percentage and plasma inorganic phosphorus, phospholipid, cholesterol and albumin concentrations increased during the first 14 or 21 days and then remained elevated. Eosinophil percentage increased after 3 weeks and insulin‐like growth factor‐I concentrations increased over the whole growth period. There were transient elevations of plasma glucagon concentrations up to day 14, of the activity of alkaline phosphatase transiently up to day 7 and of γ‐glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase activities on day 1 of life. Plasma iron concentration transiently decreased up to day 28 and creatine kinase activity up to day 7. Total white blood cell number, neutrophil percentage, packed cell volume and concentrations of haemoglobin, calcium, magnesium (after a transient rise on day 1), non‐esterified fatty acids, bilirubin, creatinine, triiodothyronine and thyroxine decreased from birth up to days 42, 56, 28, 28, 21, 84, 14, 14, 7, 14 and 7, respectively. Basophil percentage and concentrations of β‐hydroxybutyrate, urea and insulin did not exhibit significant age‐dependent changes. The behaviour of most traits in the first weeks was the same in suckling calves under study as in non‐suckling pre‐ruminant calves. However, packed cell volume, red blood cell number, haemoglobin and plasma iron concentrations were higher, whereas glucose and insulin concentrations were lower than normally found in veal calves. On the other hand, concentrations of glucose, insulin and insulin‐like growth factor‐I in suckling calves in the third month of age were higher than can normally be measured in breeding calves.
Lateral Condensation in Treatment of Pulpitis and Pulp Gangrene: Studies on Dog Canine Teeth
Authors: Ratajczak K. , Gawor J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe clinical investigation, carried out in dogs, comprises selected cases of chronic pulpitis and pulpal gangrene of canine teeth resulting from injuries. A group of 20 teeth (group 1) underwent extirpation of pulp, as well as elaboration of a root canal and its filling with Endomethasone paste, under general anaesthesia during a one‐stage procedure. The second group of 20 teeth differed from the first in an additional concentration of the paste, due to an introduction of gutta‐percha points (lateral condensation). This sealing modification proved to diminish the risk of leaving empty spaces after pulp removal in the pulpitis state. However, in teeth where gangrenous pulp extirpation was performed, lateral condensation was endangered by pushing the paste through beyond the apex. Both anomalies were likely to predispose to the development of apical periodontitis.