bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theory of gradient coil design methods for magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Hidalgo‐Tobon S.S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe process to produce an MR image includes nuclear alignment, RF excitation, spatial encoding, and image formation. In simple terms, an magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system consists of five major components: a magnet, gradient systems, an RF coil system, a receiver, and a computer system. To form an image, it is necessary to perform spatial localization of the MR signals, which is achieved using gradient coils. In modern MRI, gradient coils able to generate high gradient strengths and slew rates are required to produce high imaging speeds and improved image quality. MRI also requires the use of gradient coils that generate magnetic fields, which vary linearly with position over the imaging volume. Gradient coils for MRI must therefore have high current efficiency (defined as the ratio of gradient generated to current drawn), short switching time (i.e., low inductance), gradient linearity over a large volume, low power consumption, and minimal interaction with any other equipment, which would otherwise result in eddy currents. Over the last two decades new methods of gradient coil design have been developed, and a combination of these methods can be a mixture of them trying to avoid discomforts to patients that at the end is the center of all the technological efforts in the art of MRI. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 36A: 223–242, 2010.
Dipolar Halbach magnet stacks made from identically shaped permanent magnets for magnetic resonance
Authors: Soltner H. , Blümler P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNMR Mandhalas (MagneticArrangement forNovelDiscreteHalbachLAyout) are arrays of identically shaped magnets in a Halbach‐type arrangement. They provide a simple and cost‐effective way to generate high magnetic fields for mobile applications, for example, in magnetic resonance. Based on the introductory publication by Raich and Blümler (Concepts Magn Reson 2004;23B:16–25), we extend the notion of Mandhalas from cube‐shaped magnets to polygonal and cylindrical ones and present construction guidelines for the stacking of such rings to generate homogeneous magnetic fields over larger volumes. For this purpose, we present formulas and numerical values based on a dipole approach to calculate the flux density of single rings and composed 3D systems and compare to corresponding results obtained by 3D boundary element method calculations. As an application of the approach presented here, we constructed prototypes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 36A: 211–222, 2010.
Current patient management of chronic myeloid leukemia in Latin America
Authors: Cortes Jorge , De Souza Carmino , Ayala‐Sanchez Manuel , Bendit Israel , Best‐Aguilera Carlos , Enrico Alicia , Hamerschlak Nelson , Pagnano Katia , Pasquini Ricardo , Meillon Luis 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Treatment recommendations have been developed for management of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).METHODS:A 30‐item multiple‐choice questionnaire was administered to 435 hematologists and oncohematologists in 16 Latin American countries. Physicians self‐reported their diagnostic, therapeutic, and disease management strategies.RESULTS:Imatinib is available as initial therapy to 92% of physicians, and 42% of physicians have access to both second‐generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Standard‐dose imatinib is the preferred initial therapy for most patients, but 20% would manage a young patient initially with an allogeneic stem cell transplant from a sibling donor, and 10% would only offer hydroxyurea to an elderly patient. Seventy‐two percent of responders perform routine cytogenetic analysis for monitoring patients on therapy, and 59% routinely use quantitative polymerase chain reaction. For patients who fail imatinib therapy, 61% would increase the dose of imatinib before considering change to a second‐generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor, except for patients aged 60 years, for whom a switch to a second‐generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor was the preferred choice.CONCLUSIONS:The answers to this survey provide insight into the management of patients with CML in Latin America. Some deviations from current recommendations were identified. Understanding the treatment patterns of patients with CML in broad population studies is important to identify needs and improve patient care. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Clinical impact of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes for survival in stage II colon cancer
Authors: Lee Won‐Suk , Park Sanghui , Lee Woo Yong , Yun Seong Hyeon , Chun Ho‐Kyung 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The most reliable prognostic factor in colon cancer is the TNM classification. The objective of this study was to assess and compare the prognostic role of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in stage II colon cancer.METHODS:Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the density of TILs that were positive for cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3) (T‐cell coreceptor), CD45 isoform RO (CD45RO) (protein tyrosine phosphatase), nuclear transcription factor forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), and CD25 (a type I transmembrane protein) according to tumor site (intraepithelial and stromal) in samples from 87 patients who had stage II colon cancer. These variables were evaluated for their association with histopathologic features along with overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS).RESULTS:Intraepithelial CD3‐posititve (CD3+), CD45RO+, CD25+, and FOXP3+ TILs were associated significantly with better DFS (P = .049, P = .009, P = .013, and P = .001, respectively). The estimated 5‐year OS rates for patients who had high‐density CD45RO+ and FOXP3+ expression was 100% for both compared with 79.2% and 78.8% for patients who had low‐density CD45RO+ and FOXP3+ expression (P = .017 and P = .040, respectively). A significant prognostic factor for both OS and DFS was high‐density stromal CD45RO+ lymphocytic infiltration (OS: P = .031; relative risk [RR], 0.134; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.015‐1.164; DFS: P = .013; RR, 0.198; 95% CI, 0.055‐0.710); whereas intraepithelial FOXP3+ expression was an independent prognostic factor for DFS (P = .032; RR, 0.108; 95% CI, 0.014‐0.821).CONCLUSIONS:FOXP3+ and CD45RO+ TILs demonstrated independent prognostic significance for survival in the current investigation. These results may help to improve the prognostication of early stage colon cancer. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Pretransplantation [18‐F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scan predicts outcome in patients with recurrent Hodgkin lymphoma or aggressive non‐Hodgkin lymphoma undergoing reduced‐intensity conditioning followed by allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Dodero Anna , Crocchiolo Roberto , Patriarca Francesca , Miceli Rosalba , Castagna Luca , Ciceri Fabio , Bramanti Stefania , Frungillo Niccolo , Milani Raffaella , Crippa Flavio , Fallanca Federico , Englaro Emanuela , Corradini Paolo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The use of positron emission tomography (PET) scanning in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and aggressive non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (HG‐NHL) has recognized prognostic value in patients who are receiving chemotherapy or undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation (SCT). In contrast, the role of PET before reduced‐intensity conditioning (RIC) and followed by allogeneic SCT has not been investigated to date.METHODS:PET was used to assess 80 patients who had chemosensitive disease (34 patients with HG‐NHL and 46 patients with HL) before they underwent allogeneic SCT: 42 patients had negative PET studies, and 38 patients had positive PET studies. Patients underwent allograft from matched related siblings (n = 41) or alternative donors (n = 39).RESULTS:At the time of the last follow‐up, 48 patients were alive (60%), and 32 had died. The 3‐year cumulative incidence of nonrecurrence mortality and disease recurrence was 17% and 40%, respectively. The cumulative incidence of disease recurrence was significantly lower in the PET‐negative patients (25% vs 56%; P = .007), but there was no significant difference between the patients with or without chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (P = .400). The patients who had negative PET studies before undergoing allogenic SCT also had significantly better outcomes in terms of 3‐year overall survival (76% vs 33%; P = .001) and 3‐year progression‐free survival (73% vs 31%; P = .001). On multivariate analysis, overall survival was influenced by PET status (hazard ratio [HR], 3.35), performance status (HR, 5.15), and type of donor (HR, 6.26 for haploidentical vs sibling; HR, 1.94 for matched unrelated donor vs sibling).CONCLUSIONS:The current results indicated that PET scanning appears to be an accurate tool for assessing prognosis in patients who are eligible for RIC allografting. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Vascular endothelial growth factor‐targeted therapy for the treatment of adult metastatic Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Choueiri Toni K. , Lim Zita Dubauskas , Hirsch Michelle S. , Tamboli Pheroze , Jonasch Eric , McDermott David F. , Cin Paola Dal , Corn Paul , Vaishampayan Ulka , Heng Daniel Y.C. , Tannir Nizar M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Adult “translocation” renal cell carcinoma (RCC), bearing transcription factor E3 (TFE3) gene fusions at Xp11.2, is a recently recognized, unique entity for which prognosis and therapy remain poorly understood. In the current study, the authors investigated the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐targeted therapy in this distinct subtype of RCC.METHODS:A retrospective review was conducted to describe the clinical characteristics and outcome of adult patients with metastatic Xp11.2 RCC who had strong TFE3 nuclear immunostaining and received anti‐VEGF therapy. Tumor response to anti‐VEGF therapy was evaluated using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria. The Kaplan‐Meier method was used to estimate progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) distributions.RESULTS:Fifteen patients were identified, of whom 10, 3, and 2 received sunitinib, sorafenib, and monoclonal anti‐VEGF antibodies, respectively. The median follow‐up was 19.1 months, the median age of the patients was 41 years, and the female:male ratio was 4:1. Initial histologic description included clear cell (n = 8 patients), papillary (n = 1 patient), or mixed clear cell/papillary RCC (n = 6 patients). Five patients had received prior systemic therapy. Five patients had undergone fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis and all demonstrated a translocation involving chromosome Xp11.2. When treated with VEGF‐targeted therapy, 3 patients achieved a partial response, 7 patients had stable disease, and 5 patients developed progressive disease. The median PFS and OS of the entire cohort were 7.1 months and 14.3 months, respectively.CONCLUSIONS:Adult‐onset, translocation‐associated metastatic RCC is an aggressive disease that affects a younger population of patients with a female predominance. In the current study, VEGF‐targeted agents appeared to demonstrate some efficacy. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Intensively timed combination chemotherapy for the induction of adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Rytting Michael , Ravandi Farhad , Estey Elihu , Cortes Jorge , Faderl Stefan , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Jeha Sima , Ouzounian Souzanne , Pierce Sherry , Kantarjian Hagop 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Despite advances in therapy, the majority of adult patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) develop disease recurrence and die of their disease. Early intensification of treatment for AML using timed sequential therapy (TST) has been proposed as a means of improving the survival outcome in children. The Children's Cancer Group demonstrated that children with AML who were randomized to receive 2 courses of daunorubicin, cytarabine, thioguanine, etoposide, and dexamethasone (the DCTER regimen) given 10 days apart had an improved event‐free survival (EFS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) (42% ± 7% and 55% ± 9%, respectively, at 2 years). Reports have suggested an improved outcome in adult patients with AML using TST (at the cost of increased toxicity). The current study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the intensively timed DCTER regimen for non‐core–binding factor AML in adult patients aged <50 years.METHODS:Between February 2004 and August 2005, 61 patients received this timed sequential induction regimen. Their outcomes were compared with matched historical patients treated with the combination of idarubicin and cytarabine (IA).RESULTS:The median follow‐up for surviving patients was 67 months (range, 35‐85 months). The timed sequential DCTER regimen had a lower complete remission (CR) rate when compared with the IA combination,, (71% vs 80%, respectively), but this appeared to be counterbalanced by a higher long‐term leukemia‐free survival rate using the intensified regimen (48% vs 30%, respectively) in patients who achieved a CR (P = .06).CONCLUSIONS:The intensively timed regimen of DCTER was found to induce durable remissions in adult patients with AML, including those patients with high‐risk disease. The identification of patients who would potentially benefit from such an intensive regimen may justify the higher early risk of early treatment failure that was found to accompany the intensified DCTER regimen in selected patients. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Evaluation of risk by patients' and with clinicians' ratings: A CORE‐OM and CORE‐A investigation
Authors: Bedford Alan , Lukic Goran , Tibbles Jennifer 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWhile Whewell and Bonanno reported significant relationships between therapists' ratings of risk and patients' ratings of categorized Clinical Outcome in Routine Evaluation‐Outcome Measures (CORE‐OM) risk items, Rowsell and Stennett‐Cox found that only two non‐risk items of the total 34 CORE‐OM items correlated significantly with reported risk behaviours. The current study of 870 patients examined the intercorrelations of the CORE‐OM item matrix, including the 28 non‐risk items, and their correlations with the Risk domain items. Additionally, CORE‐Assessment clinicians' risk ratings were compared with the patients' risk self‐ratings. The results differed from the findings of Rowsell and Stennett‐Cox and provided validatory evidence supplementing that of Whewell and Bonanno. The Harm to Self items appeared to be of particular behavioural significance. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message:• Clinicians' ratings of Suicide risk and Self‐harm were significantly related to patients' self‐ratings on the Harm to Self sub‐domain items.• Clinicians' ratings of Risk to others were significantly related to patients' self‐ratings on the Harm to Others sub‐domain items.
Reactions of Amine– and Phosphane–Borane Adducts with Frustrated Lewis Pair Combinations of Group 14 Triflates and Sterically Hindered Nitrogen Bases
Authors: Whittell George R. , Balmond Edward I. , Robertson Alasdair P. M. , Patra Sanjib K. , Haddow Mairi F. , Manners Ian 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe ability of trialkyl Group 14 triflates in combination with amine and pyridine bases to dehydrogenate amine– and phosphane–borane adducts has been investigated. By using multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, it has been shown that Me2NH·BH3 (11) is efficiently converted to [Me2N–BH2]2 (12) by the so‐called “frustrated Lewis pair” (FLP) of nBu3SnOTf (4, –OTf = –OSO2CF3) and 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine (6). Within the scope of the study, exchange of the Lewis acid effects the rate of dehydrogenation in the order: 4 > Me3SiOTf (2) > Et3SiOTf (3). Exchange of the Lewis base for 2,6‐di‐tert‐butylpyridine (5) has also been shown to reduce the rate of reaction, whereas 1,3‐di‐tert‐butylimidazol‐2‐ylidene (7) reacted directly with 2 to afford 1,3‐bis‐tert‐butyl‐4‐(trimethylsilyl)imidazolium triflate (8[OTf]). For FLP combinations for which dehydrogenation reaction times are longer, detectable quantities of [H2B(μ‐H)(μ‐NMe2)BH2] (14) are observed. Both the dehydrogenation reaction and competitive formation of this product are proposed to proceed by initial hydride abstraction by the Lewis acid, followed by deprotonation by the Lewis base, or combination with further dimethylamine–borane and elimination of [Me2NH2]OTf (18[OTf]), respectively. In contrast to 11, MeNH2·BH3 (22) was not found to cleanly dehydrogenate to either [MeNH–BH2]3 or [MeN–BH]3 under the same conditions. An alternative reaction pathway was observed with either 2 or 4 and 6 with Ph2PH·BH3 (23), resulting in P‐silylation or P‐stannylation of the phosphane–borane, respectively.
Rapid identification of Candida albicans in blood by combined capillary electrophoresis and fluorescence in situ hybridization
Authors: Lantz Andrew W. , Bisha Bledar , Tong Man‐Yung , Nelson Ryan E. , Brehm‐Stecher Byron F. , Armstrong Daniel W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA CE method based on whole‐cell molecular labeling via fluorescence in situ hybridization was developed for the detection of Candida albicans in whole blood. Removal of potentially interfering red blood cells (RBC) with a simple hypotonic/detergent lysis step enabled us to detect and quantitate contaminating C. albicans cells at concentrations that were orders of magnitude lower than background RBC counts (∼7.0×109 RBC/mL). In the presence of the lysed blood matrix, yeast cells aggregated without the use of a blocking plug to stack the cells. Short (15 min) hybridizations yielded bright Candida‐specific fluorescence in situ hybridization signals, enabling us to detect as few as a single injected cell. The peak area response of the stacked Candida cells showed a strong linear correlation with cell concentrations determined by plate counts, up to ∼107 CFU/mL (or ∼1×104 injected cells). This rapid and quantitative method for detecting Candida in blood may have advantageous applications in both human and veterinary diagnostics.
Evaluation and optimization of removal of an acid‐insoluble surfactant for shotgun analysis of membrane proteome
Authors: Lin Yong , Liu Yi , Li Jianjun , Zhao Yan , He Quanze , Han Wenjun , Chen Ping , Wang Xianchun , Liang Songping 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDue to its compatibility with protease activity at high concentration, sodium deoxycholate (SDC) can be used to effectively improve the solubilization and enzymolysis of membrane proteins and has received increasing attention in the field of membrane proteome analysis in recent years. SDC can be removed from digests by means of acidification followed by centrifugation (i.e. acid precipitation, AP) or extraction with ethyl acetate (i.e. phase transfer, PT) so as not to interfere with the downstream analyses like LC‐MS/MS. In this study, the two strategies were systematically evaluated, compared and optimized. The results of the study demonstrated that both of the AP and PT strategies led to a certain amount of tryptic peptides being lost, and in PT strategy even more peptides were lost during SDC removal process. However, the lost peptides could be mostly recovered by washing the pellet and solid content produced during AP and PT, respectively. By recovering the lost peptides, the identification efficiency of proteins, especially transmembrane and low abundance ones, was significantly improved. Comparatively, after optimization by recovering the lost peptides, AP strategy was superior to PT strategy because the former not only could achieve the comparable identification efficiency with the latter but also was more economical, safer and easier to operate than the latter.
Determination of 4‐hydroxyproline‐2‐epimerase activity by capillary electrophoresis: A stereoselective platform for inhibitor screening of amino acid isomerases
Authors: Gavina Jennilee M. A. , White Catharine E. , Finan Turlough M. , Britz‐McKibbin Philip 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIsomerases involved in the metabolism of D/L‐amino acids represent promising therapeutic targets for treatment of disease. Herein, we report a tunable platform for the assessment of enzymatic kinetics involving amino acid isomerization by CE that offers improved selectivity and sensitivity over traditional methods. Enzyme activity and competition assays were evaluated for various hydroxyproline diastereoisomers, proline enantiomers and their structural analogs using 4‐hydroxyproline‐2‐epimerase as a model system. In this work, pyrrole 2‐carboxylic acid was found to be a selective inhibitor of 4‐hydroxyproline‐2‐epimerase with a half‐maximal inhibition concentration of (2.3±0.1) mM. Reliable methods for unambiguous characterization of amino acid isomerases are required for the screening of novel inhibitors with epimerase and/or racemase activity.
Portable capillary electrophoresis system for identification of cattle breeds based on DNA mobility
Authors: Lee Miji , Cho Keunchang , Yoon Duhak , Yoo Dong Jin , Kang Seong Ho 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA portable CE system was developed for the identification of cattle breeds. The system had a width of 44 cm, depth of 27 cm, height of 13 cm, and a weight of only ∼8 kg and included an LIF detector, with everything integrated into a small box. The specific sizes of genes were quickly separated and detected with a high sensitivity based on the difference in the DNA mobility using a diode‐pumped solid‐state LIF detector. Using this system, the 100‐bp DNA ladder was analyzed under a 1.0% PVP (Mr=300 000) sieving gel matrix in a fused silica capillary with LODs of 4.4–13.0 pg/μL (S/N=3) for 100–3000 bp DNAs, which indicates ten times improved value than other commercialized portable CE system. The migration times and the peak areas showed good reproducibilities with relative standard deviations that were less than 0.49 and 1.3% (n=5), respectively. Based on the difference in the DNA mobility of the microsatellite and SNP markers, Korean cattle and Holstein were exactly identified as the model cattle breeds within 32 and 3.5 min, respectively.
A microfluidic magnetic bead impact generator for physical stimulation of osteoblast cell
Authors: Song Suk‐Heung , Choi Jeongheon , Jung Hyo‐Il 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe developed a novel microfluidic cell culture device in which magnetic beads repetitively collide with osteoblast cells, MC3T3‐E1, owing to attractive forces generated by pulsed electromagnetic fields and consequently the cells were physically stimulated by bead impacts. Our device consists of an on‐chip microelectromagnet and a microfluidic channel which were fabricated by a microelectromechanical system technique. The impact forces and stresses acting on a cell were numerically analyzed and experimentally generated with different sizes of bead (4.5, 7.6 and 8.4 μm) and at various pulse frequencies (60 Hz, 1 kHz and 1 MHz). Cells were synchronized at each specific phase of the cell cycle before stimulation in order to determine the most susceptible phase against bead impacts. The cells were stimulated with different sizes of bead at various pulse frequencies for 1 min at G1, S and G2 phases, respectively, and then counted immediately after one doubling time. The growth rate of cells was highly accelerated when they were stimulated with 4.5 μm beads at G1 phase and a pulse frequency of 1 MHz. Almost all of the cells were viable after stimulation, indicating that our cell stimulator did not cause any cellular damage and is suitable for use in new physical stimulus modalities.