bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modéliser et se représenter les systèmes automatiques
Authors: Romero Ricardo 
Published: June 2010

Modelizar y representarse los sistemas automáticos.
Saber como funciona un sistema automático permite utilizarlo mejor. Un estudio de carácter sistemático pone en evidencia el «processeur» central de los sistemas automáticos : el computador. Una «adaptación didáctica» permite de precisar las bases de la enseñanza descripta, que es actualmente dispensada en ciertas escuelas primarias y en el curso de formación continúa para los colegios, bajo la impulsión de algunas escuelas normales. Mostramos que sobre el plan didáctico, a cada nivel de enseñanza corresponde una serie de actividades, permitiendo la elaboración de modelos pertinentes de sistemas automáticos. En la escuela primaria y en el primer ciclo de secundarla, la utilización de sistemas robotizados, permite la puesta en evidencia de memorias y de circuitos de entrada-salida. El estudio de los circuitos integrados y de su funcionamiento, facilita la comprensión de los microprocesos. Las realizaciones materiales sirven de soporte a los diversos modelos de circuitos utilizados.
Sur l'utilité d'une formation d'enseignants au dialogue élève-ordinateur
Authors: Collette Michel 
Published: June 2010

Les espoirs placés dans l'ordinateur susceptible défavoriser les apprentissages des élèves semblent retomber faute d’une qualité et d’une pertinence (pédagogique) suffisantes des didacticiels disponibles dans l'enseignement et d’une formation des enseignants à l'utilisation de l'informatique (pédagogique) en classe.
Dans ce contexte, nous avons choisi de développer, pour la formation d'instituteurs, les trois aspects suivants :
1 -présenter un type de didacticiel plus performant car conçu par l'enseignant et adapté aux difficultés de ses élèves,
2 -en corollaire, donner aux enseignants une formation à la conception de ces didacticiels en s'affranchissant le plus possible des contraintes (langages et programmation) purement informatiques à l'aide d'un système auteur en l'occurrence,
3 -grâce au relevé des réponses d'élèves, amener les enseignants à suivre et analyser leurs cheminements pour mieux les aider à franchir les obstacles de l’apprentissage.
La formation d'instituteurs dont ce texte décrit et analyse le dispositif permet d'engager avec les participants une réflexion didactique sur les apprentissages.
L'étrange individualité de l'être
Authors: Drouin Anne-Marie 
Published: June 2010

La extraña individualidad del ser.
El uno , el idéntico, el mismo y el otro, el extraño, la tolerancia y el rechazo, todas esas palabras que son parte del vocabulario de la inmunología vehiculizan preguntas antiguas y en las cuales las implicaciones van más allá de la ciencia. Encontramos en este texto, bajo una forma de recorrido filosófico, un análisis de algunas metáforas y sus efectos sobre el pensamiento.
L'Association nationale sciences techniques jeunesse. Un projet pédagogique et le contexte micro-social de son élaboration
Authors: Gautier Gérard 
Published: June 2010

La Asociación Nacional Ciencia Técnica Juventud, un proyecto pedagógico y el contexto microsocial de su elaboración.
La ANCTJ tiene como objectivo de practicar las ciencias y las técnicas a un público de jovenes. Hace veinte años que existe, y las actividades que organizaran evolucionado mucho. La estructura del proyecto permanece constante, pero hemos pasado de proyectos de realización técnica con los clubs aeroespaciales al principo, a proyectos de investigaión colectiva en campos diversificados tales como la astronomía, la energía solar, la informática. Paralelamente, un modelo pedagógico orientado hacia el describrimiento del proceso experimental ha sido progresivamente formalizado.
El autor se apoya sobre el análisis de los textos producidos en la asociación así como su experiencia como participante y luego como animador para analizar esta evolución y las condiciones que la llevaron.
Sur la méthode expérimentale
Authors: Develay Michel 
Published: June 2010

La terminologie pédagogique use de vocables tels que méthode scientifique ou méthode expérimentale, démarche scientifique ou démarche expérimentale, mais aussi expérimentation, expérience, manipulation et même manip pour caractériser les mêmes activités d'apprentissage des élèves.
L'article vise à une clarification de ces substantifs au plan didactique, en les analysant conséquemment au plan épistémologique et au plan psychologique.
Représentations des enfants à propos des fourmis et conception d'un outil muséologique
Authors: Guichard Jack 
Published: June 2010

Evolution of children representations of ants, and the use of a museum teaching aid.
This analysis of children’s representations of ants was the basis of the conception of an exhibition ant-hill for the "Inventorium” of the Paris "City of Science and Industry". It was the fundamental element in the making of an exhibit conceived for educational purposes. The study then analyse how direct observation of an ant-hill can change children’s own conceptions, by awaking their scientific curiosity and leading them to certain discoveries, concerning especially the morphology, habitat and life of ants.
Psychanalyse et didactique : à propos des représentations et de la causalité
Authors: Kerlan Alain 
Published: June 2010

La psychanalyse interpelle le didacticien par sa méthode d'investigation des représentations psychiques. Les représentations des élèves sont en effet au centre des préoccupations de la didactique des sciences expérimentales. Toutefois, la méthode psychanalytique procède d'une conception générale de l'activité mentale et du fonctionnement de l'appareil psychique. Ce que la psychanalyse peut proposer, c'est peut-être moins un modèle méthodologique qu'un cadre conceptuel et théorique. La problématique relative aux représentations des élèves permet de l'éprouver.
Quelque conclusion qu'on en tire, l'approche psychanalytique interdit du moins d'ignorer que la pensée scientifique naît, s'éduque et s'instaure au sein d'une activité psychique globale à laquelle elle ne cesse pas d’appartenir.
Agricultural Pesticides Mixtures Use and Its Toxicological Implications in Health
Authors: Castro Vera Lúcia Scherholz Salgado de 
Published: June 2010

The use of pesticides mixtures is relatively a common practice in agriculture. The human health may be affected by pesticides directly, through environmental contamination or rural areas proximity. Exposure to pesticides mixtures, like herbicides as sulfentrazone and atrazine or fungicides as triazole and estrobilurin, may cause reproductive toxicity and/or damage on the animal development of the exposed organisms since they have potential as endocrine disruptors. This exposure may also cause health damage on rural workers. In this way, it is important to establish the pesticides mixtures levels that are able to cause harmful effects on non-target organisms. These facts show the necessity of experimental studies related to concomitant pesticide exposure and ameliorate its methodology. These methodologies may predict the conditions under which the interactions may occur. The comprehension of the mixtures definition and the development of its estimative may be useful tools to determine the pesticide mixture use, advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, there is the necessity of building an agriculture that considers social, economic and environmental aspects.
A Closer Look Inside Nanotubes: Pore Structure Evaluation of Anodized Alumina Templated Carbon Nanotube Membranes Through Adsorption and Permeability Studies
Authors: Pilatos Georgios , Vermisoglou Eleni C. , Romanos Georgios E. , Karanikolos Georgios N. , Boukos Nikos , Likodimos Vlassis , Kanellopoulos Nick K. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAlthough hollow nanostructures, such as nanotubes, represent a major portion of nanoscaled materials with a tremendously large application range, a detailed evaluation of their internal characteristics still remains elusive. Transmission electron microscopy is the most common analytical technique to examine the internal configuration of these structures, yet it can only provide evidence of a minimal portion of the overall material, thus, it cannot be accurately generalized. In the present paper, in addition to electron microscopy and other spot‐size analysis methods (X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, etc.), a combination of techniques including adsorption, permeability, and relative permeability are employed in order to provide important insights into various crucial details of the overall internal surface and hollow‐space characteristics of carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays and membranes. The CNT arrays are fabricated using anodized alumina as a template in a flow‐through chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactor. This is the first systematic approach for investigating the internal configuration of template‐based CNT arrays in detail. Key findings are made for the customized optimization of the resulting nanotube membranes for a variety of applications, including separations, nanofluidics and nanoreactors, biological capturing and purification, and controlled drug delivery and release.
A Concept in Bactericidal Materials: The Entrapment of Chlorhexidine within Silver
Authors: Ben‐Knaz Racheli , Pedahzur Rami , Avnir David 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA new concept in bactericidal agents is described: the entrapment of an organic biocidal agent within a bactericidal metal, which leads to synergism between the two components. Specifically this concept is demonstrated for the entrapment of chlorhexidine digluconate (CHD) within an aggregated silver matrix, a metal known for its own biocidal qualities, forming the CHD@silver composite. The bactericidal efficacy against E. coli is evaluated and compared with the separate components. While the bactericidal efficacy of the individual ingredients (CHD and metallic silver) is very low, CHD@silver exhibits a markedly enhanced efficacy. This enhanced bactericidal effect is partially attributed to the simultaneous release and presence of the active biocidal ingredients CHD and Ag+ in the solution. Detailed composite characterization is provided.
Impaired activation‐induced cell death promotes spontaneous arthritis in antigen (cartilage proteoglycan)–specific T cell receptor–transgenic mice
Authors: Boldizsar Ferenc , Kis‐Toth Katalin , Tarjanyi Oktavia , Olasz Katalin , Hegyi Akos , Mikecz Katalin , Glant Tibor T. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether genetic preponderance of a T cell receptor (TCR) recognizing an arthritogenic peptide of human cartilage proteoglycan (PG) is sufficient for development of arthritis.MethodsWe performed a longitudinal study using BALB/c mice expressing a TCR that recognizes the arthritogenic ATEGRVRVNSAYQDK peptide of human cartilage PG. PG‐specific TCR–transgenic (PG‐TCR–Tg) mice were inspected weekly for peripheral arthritis until 12 months of age. Peripheral joints were examined histologically, and T cell responses, T cell activation markers, serum cytokines, and autoantibodies were measured. Apoptosis and signaling studies were performed in vitro on T cells from aged PG‐TCR–Tg mice.ResultsSpontaneous arthritis developed as early as 5–6 months of age, and the incidence increased to 40–50% by 12 months of age. Progressive inflammation began with cartilage and bone erosions in the interphalangeal joints, and later expanded to the proximal joints of the front and hind paws. Spontaneous arthritis was associated with a high proportion of activated CD4+ T cells, enhanced interferon‐γ and interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) production, and elevated levels of serum autoantibodies. PG‐TCR–Tg mice lacking IL‐4 developed arthritis earlier and at a higher incidence than IL‐4–sufficient mice. Antigen‐specific activation–induced cell death was diminished in vitro in CD4+ T cells of PG‐TCR–Tg mice with spontaneous arthritis, especially in those lacking IL‐4.ConclusionThe presence of CD4+ T cells expressing a TCR specific for an arthritogenic PG epitope is sufficient to trigger spontaneous autoimmune inflammation in the joints of BALB/c mice. IL‐4 appears to be a negative regulator of this disease, through attenuation of activation‐induced cell death.
Adiponectin‐mediated changes in effector cells involved in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Frommer Klaus W. , Zimmermann Birgit , Meier Florian M. P. , Schröder Dirk , Heil Matthias , Schäffler Andreas , Büchler Christa , Steinmeyer Jürgen , Brentano Fabia , Gay Steffen , Müller‐Ladner Ulf , Neumann Elena 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with increased production of adipokines, which are cytokine‐like mediators that are produced mainly in adipose tissue but also in synovial cells. Since RA synovial fibroblasts (RASFs), lymphocytes, endothelial cells, and chondrocytes are key players in the pathophysiology of RA, this study was undertaken to analyze the effects of the key adipokine adiponectin on proinflammatory and prodestructive synovial effector cells.MethodsLymphocytes were activated in part prior to stimulation. All cells were stimulated with adiponectin, and changes in gene and protein expression were determined by Affymetrix and protein arrays. Messenger RNA and protein levels were confirmed using semiquantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real‐time PCR, and immunoassays. Intracellular signal transduction was evaluated using chemical signaling inhibitors.ResultsAdiponectin stimulation of human RASFs predominantly induced the secretion of chemokines, as well as proinflammatory cytokines, prostaglandin synthases, growth factors, and factors of bone metabolism and matrix remodeling. Lymphocytes, endothelial cells, and chondrocytes responded to adiponectin stimulation with enhanced synthesis of cytokines and various chemokines. Additionally, chondrocytes released increased amounts of matrix metalloproteinases. In RASFs, adiponectin‐mediated effects were p38 MAPK and protein kinase C dependent.ConclusionOur previous findings indicated that adiponectin was present in inflamed synovium, at sites of cartilage invasion, in lymphocyte infiltrates, and in perivascular areas. The findings of the present study indicate that adiponectin induces gene expression and protein synthesis in human RASFs, lymphocytes, endothelial cells, and chondrocytes, supporting the concept of adiponectin being involved in the pathophysiologic modulation of RA effector cells. Adiponectin promotes inflammation through cytokine synthesis, attraction of inflammatory cells to the synovium, and recruitment of prodestructive cells via chemokines, thus promoting matrix destruction at sites of cartilage invasion.
Reference standards and reference multipliers for the comparison of the citation impact of papers published in different time periods
Authors: Marx Werner , Bornmann Lutz , Cardona Manuel 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this study, reference standards and reference multipliers are suggested as a means to compare the citation impact of earlier research publications in physics (from the period of “Little Science” in the early 20th century) with that of contemporary papers (from the period of “Big Science,” beginning around 1960). For the development of time‐specific reference standards, the authors determined (a) the mean citation rates of papers in selected physics journals as well as (b) the mean citation rates of all papers in physics published in 1900 (Little Science) and in 2000 (Big Science); this was accomplished by relying on the processes of field‐specific standardization in bibliometry. For the sake of developing reference multipliers with which the citation impact of earlier papers can be adjusted to the citation impact of contemporary papers, they combined the reference standards calculated for 1900 and 2000 into their ratio. The use of reference multipliers is demonstrated by means of two examples involving the time adjusted h index values for Max Planck and Albert Einstein.
Spectro‐polarimetry in the era of large solar telescopes
Authors: Socas‐Navarro H. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis paper discusses some of the challenges of spectro‐polarimetric observations with a large aperture solar telescope such as the ATST or the EST. The observer needs to reach a compromise between spatial and spectral resolution, time cadence, and signal‐to‐noise ratio, as only three of those four parameters can be pushed to the limit. Tunable filters and grating spectrographs provide a natural compromise as the former are more suitable for high‐spatial resolution observations while the latter are a better choice when one needs to work with many wavelengths at full spectral resolution. Given the requirements for the new science targeted by these facilities, it is important that 1) tunable filters have some multi‐wavelength capability; and 2) grating spectrographs have some 2D field of view (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
IR spectroscopy of COmosphere dynamics with the CO ?rst overtone band
Authors: Schad T.A. , Penn M.J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe discuss observations of the weak ?rst overtone (Δν = 2) CO absorption band near 2300 nm with the U.S. National Solar Observatory Array Camera (NAC), a modern mid‐infrared detector. This molecular band provides a thermal diagnostic that forms lower in the atmosphere than the stronger fundamental band near 4600 nm. The observed center‐to‐limb increase in CO line width qualitatively agrees with the proposed higher temperature shocks or faster plasma motions higher in the COmosphere. The spatial extent of chromospheric shock waves is currently at or below the diffraction limit of the available CO lines at existing telescopes. Five minute period oscillations in line strength and measured Doppler shifts are consistent with the p‐mode excitation of the photospheric gas. We also show recent efforts at direct imaging at 4600 nm. We stress that future large‐aperture solar telescopes must be teamed with improved, dynamic mid‐infrared instruments, like the NAC, to capitalize on the features that motivate such facilities (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
SUNRISE – Impressions from a successful science flight
Authors: Schmidt W. , Solanki S.K. , Barthol P. , Berkefeld T. , Gandorfer A. , Knölker M. , Martínez Pillet V. , Schüssler M. , Title A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSUNRISE is a balloon‐borne telescope with an aperture of one meter. It is equipped with a filter imager for the UV wavelength range between 214 nm and 400 nm (SUFI), and with a spectro‐polarimeter that measures the magnetic field of the photosphere using the Fe I line at 525.02 nm that has a Landé factor of 3. SUNRISE performed its first science flight from 8 to 14 June 2009. It was launched at the Swedish ESRANGE Space Center and cruised at an altitude of about 36 km and geographic latitudes between 70 and 74 degrees to Somerset Island in northern Canada. There, all data, the telescope and the gondola were successfully recovered. During its flight, Sunrise achieved high pointing stability during 33 hours, and recorded about 1.8 TB of science data. Already at this early stage of data processing it is clear that SUNRISE recorded UV images of the solar photosphere, and spectropolarimetric measurements of the quiet Sun's magnetic field of unprecedented quality (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The NST: First results and some lessons for ATST and EST
Authors: Goode P.R. , Coulter R. , Gorceix N. , Yurchyshyn V. , Cao W. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn January 2009, first light observations with the NST (New Solar Telescope) in Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO) were made. NST has a 1.7 m primary with a 1.6 m clear aperture. First observational results in TiO and Hαare shown and discussed. The NST primary mirror is the most aspheric telescope mirror deployed to date. The NST is early in its commissioning, and the plans for this phase will be sketched. Lessons learned in building and implementing the NST are germane for the ATST and EST telescopes and will be discussed. The NST has an off‐axis Gregorian configuration consisting of a parabolic primary, heat‐stop, elliptical secondary and diagonal flats. The focal ratio of the primary mirror is f/2.4. The working wavelength range covers from 0.4 to 1.7 µm in the Coudé Lab beneath the telescope and all wavelengths including the far infrared at the Nasmyth focus on the dome floor (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
GREGOR solar telescope: Design and status
Authors: Volkmer R. , von der Lühe O. , Denker C. , Solanki S.K. , Balthasar H. , Berkefeld T. , Caligari P. , Collados M. , Fischer A. , Halbgewachs C. , Heidecke F. , Hofmann A. , Klvaňa M. , Kneer F. , Lagg A. , Popow E. , Schmidt D. , Schmidt W. , Sobotka M. , Soltau D. , Strassmeier K.G. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe integration and verification phase of the GREGOR telescope reached an important milestone with the installation of the interim 1 m SolarLite primary mirror. This was the first time that the entire light path had seen sunlight. Since then extensive testing of the telescope and its subsystems has been carried out. The integration and verification phase will culminate with the delivery and installation of the final 1.5 m Zerodur primary mirror in the summer of 2010. Observatory level tests and science verification will commence in the second half of 2010 and in 2011. This phase includes testing of the main optics, adaptive optics, cooling and pointing systems. In addition, assuming the viewpoint of a typical user, various observational modes of the GREGOR Fabry‐Pérot Interferometer (GFPI), the Grating Infrared Spectrograph (GRIS), and high‐speed camera systems will be tested to evaluate if they match the expectations and science requirements. This ensures that GREGOR will provide high‐quality observations with its combination of (multi‐conjugate) adaptive optics and advanced post‐focus instruments. Routine observations are expected for 2012 (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Instrument and data analysis challenges for imaging spectropolarimetry
Authors: Denker C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe next generation of solar telescopes will enable us to resolve the fundamental scales of the solar atmosphere, i.e., the pressure scale height and the photon mean free path. High‐resolution observations of small‐scale structures with sizes down to 50 km require complex post‐focus instruments, which employ adaptive optics (AO) and benefit from advanced image restoration techniques. The GREGOR Fabry‐Pérot Interferometer (GFPI) will serve as an example of such an instrument to illustrate the challenges that are to be expected in instrumentation and data analysis with the next generation of solar telescopes (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Compressed sensing for next generation instruments
Authors: Asensio Ramos A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis document discusses the possibility of using compressed sensing techniques for measuring 2D spectro‐polarimetric information using only one etalon and a broad prefilter. Instead of using an etalon and an extremely narrow prefilter (with all the subsequent problems of alignment), the idea is to use multiplexing techniques to include in the observations all the secondary peaks of the etalon. The reconstruction of the signal is done under the assumption that it can be efficiently reproduced in an orthogonal basis set (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Animation‐based learning of map projections in geomatics engineering
Authors: Beşdok Erkan , Geymen Abdurrahman , Özkan Coşkun , Palancıoğlu H. Mustafa 
Published: June 2010

AbstractUsing educational animations is a very effective way of conveying the knowledge and increasing the understanding in a lecture. Teaching and learning of map projections are among the most difficult topics in the education of Geomatics Engineering for both lecturers and students. In this article, it is aimed to visualize the mapping projections with educational animations developed with Matlab Mapping toolbox to provide better understanding of students in the Geomatics Engineering. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 20: 666–672, 2012