bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of the Women in Materials Program: a Collaboration between Simmons College and the Cornell Center for Materials Research
Authors: Goldberg Velda , Soltzberg Leonard J. , Kaplan Michael D. , Gurney Richard W. , Lee Nancy E. , Malliaras George G. , Schember Helene R. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe Women in Materials (WIM) program is an on-going collaboration between Simmons College and the Cornell Center for Materials Research (CCMR). Beginning in 2001, during the initial four years of the project, materials-related curricula were developed, a new joint research project was begun, and nearly 1/2 of Simmons College science majors participated in materials-related research during their first two years as undergraduates. We have previously reported the student outcomes as a result of this initial stage of the project, demonstrating a successful partnership between a primarily undergraduate women's college and a federally funded Materials Research Science and Engineering Center. Here, we report the evolution and impact of this project over the last three years, subsequent to the initial seed funding from the National Science Foundation. The Women in Materials project is now a key feature of the undergraduate science program at Simmons College and has developed into an organizing structure for materials-related research at the College. Initially, three faculty members were involved and now eight faculty members from all three laboratory science departments participate (biology, chemistry, and physics). The program now involves research related to optoelectronics, polymer synthesis, biomaterials, and green chemistry, and each semester about 80% of the students who participate in these projects are 1st and 2nd year science majors. This structure has led to enhanced funding within the sciences, shared instrumentation facilities, a new minor in materials science, and a spirit of collaboration among science faculty and departments. It has also spawned a new, innovative curricular initiative, the Undergraduate Laboratory Renaissance, now in its second year of implementation, involving all three laboratory science departments in incorporating actual, on-going research projects into introductory and intermediate science laboratories. Most importantly, the Women in Materials program has embedded materials-related research into our science curriculum and has deepened and broadened the educational experience for our students; the student outcomes speak to the program's success. Approximately 70% of our science majors go on to graduate school within two years of completing their undergraduate degree. Our students also have a high acceptance rate at highly competitive summer research programs, such as Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) programs funded by the National Science Foundation.
Confined Smart Hydrogels for Applications in Chemomechanical Sensors for Physiological Monitoring
Authors: Magda Jules J. , Lin Genyao , Tathireddy Prashant , Orthner Michael , Solzbacher Florian , Schulz Volker , Guenther Margarita 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA “smart” hydrogel is a crosslinked polymer network that reversibly swells and absorbs water in response to an external stimulus such as change in pH or in the concentration of some analyte such as glucose. Microscopically-thin smart hydrogels can be combined with microfabricated piezoresistive pressure transducers to obtain “chemomechanical sensors” that serve as selective and versatile wireless biomedical sensors. Proof-of-concept is shown here using glucose- and pH-responsive hydrogels.
Active Surface Topographies in Constrained Hydrogel Films
Authors: Ortiz Ophir , Vidyasagar Ajay , Toomey Ryan 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPeriodic wrinkles or corrugations can appear on the free surfaces of constrained hydrogel films. The constraint generates a residual compressive stress that is partially relieved through deviation of free surfaces from a planar configuration. The morphology, amplitude and wavelength of the surface instability are generally well-defined and depend on the strength of the constraint. If swelling of the hydrogel overcomes the constraint, the film can slip along its substrate, altering the resultant compressive stress and surface topography. By tuning this slippage, we aim to direct the surface features presented by thin hydrogel films. Active control of surface morphology could have important implications in several applications ranging from sensors to controlled cell attachment and detachment.In this work, we discuss a method of tuning the amount of slippage and surface topography of patterned poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (poly-NIPAAm) films. The films were fabricated from photo-crosslinkable polymers comprising NIPAAm and photo-active methacroyloxy-benzophenone (MaBP) monomers. The patterned films were anchored to a substrate through a hydrogen-bonding self-assembled monolayer. The relationship between pattern geometry, pattern dimensions, and solvent were investigated with respect to the mechanical instability generated at the free surface. We observed that the wavelength, width, and amplitude of the instability always increased with the thickness of the polymer pattern. The morphology of the surface instability, however, was especially sensitive to thickness of the pattern, the solvent, and the spatial position with respect to the edge of polymer pattern. If the slippage of the film against the substrate is minimal, a wrinkle pattern in the form of bicusps was observed. If the compressive stress exceeded the hydrogen-bonding anchors, slippage of the film generated either a blister pattern or a honeycomb pattern.
Synthesis and Characterization of Peptidomimetic Self-Assembled Biodegradable Nanoparticles
Authors: Mercado-Pagán Àngel E. , Jabbari Esmaiel 
Published: January 2010

AbstractNanoparticles (NPs) are being used extensively for tumor drug delivery. These devices offer the advantage of their size, protection of the encapsulated species, and biodegradability to prevent accumulation in the interstitium. Our laboratory has synthesized polylactide fumarate (PLAF, PLGF) macromers capable of self-assembling into biodegradable and biocompatible NPs with average particle size of 280 nm. To assess the possibility of further decreasing the particle size and distribution of PLGF NPs, the polymers were conjugated with the peptide sequence Cys-Val-Val-Val-Val-Val-Val-Lys-Lys (CV6K2), which is known to self-assemble in aqueous solution into vesicles of about 50-60 nm in size. The results indicate that the PLGF-CV6K2 conjugates are capable of self-assembling into NPs of 100 nm in diameter. The NPs are proposed as having a bilayer structure, with peptide chains facing the aqueous environment and the polymer chains compacted in an internal hydrophobic layer. Degradation kinetics and release profiles show that the NPs could effectively retain and release Paclitaxel up to 30 days until completely degraded. The NPs act as reservoirs for sustained release of the active agent by diffusion and degradation of the matrix when taken up by tumor cells.
Making Parents
Authors: Bonnemère Pascale 
Published: January 2010

Although the birth of children is a quite common event, it is not an easy experience for the Ankave-Anga women of Papua New Guinea, who have all heard of or even seen relatives die after delivery. The Ankave live in the far northern part of Gulf Province, far from its headquarters located on the southern coast, and do not yet have permanent church or health services that could accompany women in labour and save them in the event of difficulties. This situation may well have to do with the local importance of the rituals associated with the arrival of a first child, but this is not the point the paper would actually focus on.
It would rather undertake an analysis of this ritual, which has the particularity of not being reducible to one specific moment but entails a series of gestures, attitudes, taboos and gifts that concern a wide range of kin and affines from the time when the pregnancy is known to the days that follow the birth. It is made up of secret gendered moments as well as public ones and results in a new parental pair that will thus become able to accomplish on their own what is needed for subsequent children to be fully integrated into the community.
While these kinds of ritual have regionally been considered as one phase of male initiations (without much being said about it in the literature devoted to Anga groups; Herdt 1981, Godelier 1982), I argue that, among the Ankave (a southern Anga people), first-birth rituals are much more than the last stage of a male ritual cycle. The actions of everyone linked to the parents-to-be, together with the involvement of the parents themselves, point to both accession to parenthood for men and women alike and the expression of the avuncular relationship as a focus of the ritual.
Protein Farnesylation–Dependent Raf/Extracellular Signal–Related Kinase Signaling Links to Cytoskeletal Remodeling to Facilitate Glucose-Induced Insulin Secretion in Pancreatic β-Cells
Authors: Kowluru Anjaneyulu , Veluthakal Rajakrishnan , Rhodes Christopher J. , Kamath Vasudeva , Syed Ismail , Koch Brandon J. 
Published: January 2010

OBJECTIVE
Posttranslational prenylation (e.g., farnesylation) of small G-proteins is felt to be requisite for cytoskeletal remodeling and fusion of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane. Here, we investigated roles of protein farnesylation in the signaling steps involved in Raf-1/extracellular signal–related kinase (ERK1/2) signaling pathway in glucose-induced Rac1 activation and insulin secretion in the pancreatic β-cell.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
These studies were carried out in INS 832/13 cells and normal rat islets. Molecular biological (e.g., overexpression or small interfering RNA [siRNA]–mediated knockdown) and pharmacologic approaches were used to determine roles for farnesylation in glucose-mediated activation of ERK1/2, Rac1, and insulin secretion. Activation of ERK1/2 was determined by Western blotting. Rac1 activation (i.e., Rac1.GTP) was quantitated by p21-activated kinase pull-down assay. Insulin release was quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

RESULTS
Coprovision of structure-specific inhibitors of farnesyl transferase (FTase; e.g., FTI-277 or FTI-2628) or siRNA-mediated knockdown of FTase β-subunit resulted in a significant inhibition of glucose-stimulated ERK1/2 and Rac1 activation and insulin secretion. Pharmacologic inhibition of Raf-1 kinase using GW-5074 markedly reduced the stimulatory effects of glucose on ERK1/2 phosphorylation, Rac1 activation, and insulin secretion, suggesting that Raf-1 kinase activation may be upstream to ERK1/2 and Rac1 activation leading to glucose-induced insulin release. Lastly, siRNA-mediated silencing of endogenous expression of ERK1/2 markedly attenuated glucose-induced Rac1 activation and insulin secretion.

CONCLUSIONS
Together, our findings provide the first evidence of a role for protein farnesylation in glucose-mediated regulation of the Raf/ERK signaling pathway culminating in the activation of Rac1, which has been shown to be necessary for cytoskeletal reorganization and exocytotic secretion of insulin.
Knoop Microhardness Mapping Used to Compare the Efficacy of LED, QTH and PAC Curing Lights
Authors: Price R. B. T. , Fahey J. , Felix C. M. 
Published: January 2010

Clinical Relevance
The output of a curing light measured at a distance of 0 mm is a poor indicator of how much light energy will be delivered to a restoration in the mouth. When used for manufacturers' suggested curing times and at clinically relevant distances, some curing lights deliver much less energy than is recommended (&lt;10J/cm2) and produce softer composites.
Barriers Restricting the Free Dissemination of Scientific Achievements: Own Experiences in Crossing Walls and Bridges
Authors: Barczyński Bartłomiej , Graczyński Marek , Kalina Roman 
Published: January 2010

Barriers Restricting the Free Dissemination of Scientific Achievements: Own Experiences in Crossing Walls and Bridges
The most important issues in the administration of modern science is "editorial correctness" of scientific articles. Editors of the most prestigious scientific journals know how to build an impact factor. Is an overly rigorous procedure for submitted manuscripts appropriate in every case?
The constant progress of science and the development of researchers is undeniable and remarkable. We dissociate ourselves from the principle of "publish a lot and quickly" recommended during the postdoctoral phase or other periods of a scientist's career. Quality requires time and humility towards that which was discovered and that which is still unknown.
Biomechanical Responds of Instep Kick between Different Positions in Professional Soccer Players
Authors: Khorasani Mohammadtaghi , Osman Noor , Yusof Ashril 
Published: January 2010

Biomechanical Responds of Instep Kick between Different Positions in Professional Soccer Players
The purpose of this study was to investigate some selected biomechanical characteristics of lower extremity between professional soccer defenders, midfielders and strikers. The kicking motions of dominant legs were captured from fifteen Olympic professional soccer players; (height: 181.93 ± 7.03 cm; mass: 70.73 ± 10.85 kg; age: 20.8 ± 0.77 years), volunteered to participate in this study, using four digital video cameras. There were significant differences between midfielders and defenders in (1) lower leg angular velocity (p ≤ 0.001), (2) thigh angular velocity (p ≤ 0.001), (3) lower leg net moment (p ≤ 0.001), (4) thigh net moment (p ≤ 0.001), and (5) ball velocity (p ≤ 0.012). There were significant differences between midfielders and strikers in lower leg net moment (p ≤ 0.001). There were significant differences between strikers and defenders in; (1) lower leg angular velocity (p ≤ 0.001), (2) thigh angular velocity (p ≤ 0.001), (3) lower leg net moment (p ≤ 0.001), (4) thigh net moment (p ≤ 0.001), and (5) ball velocity (p ≤ 0.024). In conclusion, midfielders can perform soccer instep kicking strongly and faster than defenders and there is, however, no significant difference between midfielders and strikers, but midfielders' ball velocity is higher than strikers' ball velocity.
Individualization of Physical Loads and Speed Abilities of Young Soccer Players in a Six-Month Training Macrocycle
Authors: Andrzejewski Marcin , Chmura Jan , Strzelczyk Ryszard , Konarski Jan 
Published: January 2010

Individualization of Physical Loads and Speed Abilities of Young Soccer Players in a Six-Month Training Macrocycle
The aim of this paper was to address the issue of individualized training loads and its influence on speed development among speed-type and endurance-type players during a six-month training macrocycle.
The research was conducted in a group of 36 young male soccer players from for two sport clubs: Lech Poznań and Warta Poznań. The stages of the study undertaken resulted from the time structure of sport training and were carried out during a six-month macrocycle. The players of Lech Poznań took part in a test which involved applying three series' (six repetitions each) of speed-type exercises, with regard to the player's motor type in each of the three training units comprising the weekly macrocycle. During each stage of data collection, the players were subjected to a stress test for stretches of 10, 20 and 30 m.
The study has shown a significant impact of individualization of training loads on development of speed abilities in the examined players. An increase of speed during the tests of 10 and 20 m was noted in both speed and endurance-type players. This was probably an effect of adapting individual training loads to motor predispositions of the players during the six months of the experiment. It can be also assumed that the increase in speed among the subjects is a result of rising phosphagen potential and enzymatic activity (especially creatine kinase), as well as improved motor units recruitment.
The Influence of Increased Intensity Levels on the Attitude of High School Females toward Aerobic Dance Lessons
Authors: Skalik Krysztof , Frömel Karel , Stelze Jiri , Pelclová Jana , Groffik Dorota 
Published: January 2010

The Influence of Increased Intensity Levels on the Attitude of High School Females toward Aerobic Dance Lessons
Available evidence suggests that interest and participation, especially in vigorous physical activity, declines with age during adolescence. This negative attitude toward vigorous physical activity is especially prevalent among female adolescents. This study investigates how increasing intensity levels of aerobic dance, a popular physical education choice of female students, influence the attitude of female high school students toward the activity.
A total of 313 female high school students from eight schools (age 16.32±1.74; weight-kg 53.73±7.58; height-cm 164.37±5.61; BMI-kg/m2 19.87±2.55) participated in the study. Student intensity levels during the aerobic dance lesson were monitored using heart rate monitors, accelerometers and pedometers, and the influence of intensity level on attitude toward aerobic dance was measured by use of a standardized questionnaire. The results clearly show that increasing intensity levels did not diminish the positive attitude of female students toward aerobic dance.
The Monophthongisation of Diphthongs Before Dorsal Fricatives: A Corpus Study
Authors: Wełna Jerzy 
Published: January 2010

The Monophthongisation of Diphthongs Before Dorsal Fricatives: A Corpus Study
The paper discusses the geographical distribution of the monophthongisation of (1) the diphthong [ei] (< [e:ç]) before the palatal fricative [ç] (i.e. [eiç > i:ç]) and (2) the diphthong [ou] (< [o:×]) before the velar fricative [×] (i.e. [oux > u:x] in words like high an bough. The resulting monophthongs became the input to the diphthongisation rule, a part of the Great Vowel Shift. On the basis of forty-nine Middle English poetic texts from the Chadwyck-Healey online corpus an effort is made here to establish temporal and dialectal conditioning of the change.
Middle English Medical Recipes: A Metadiscursive Approach
Authors: Quintana-Toledo Elena 
Published: January 2010

Middle English Medical Recipes: A Metadiscursive Approach
This paper seeks to explore Middle English medical recipes from a metadiscursive perspective. This study will draw on Hyland's (2005) metadiscourse model where code glosses, endophoric markers, evidentials, frame markers and transition markers are included in the interactive dimension, and attitude markers, boosters, engagement markers, hedges and self mention are to be found within interactional metadiscourse. I shall apply this framework for the identification and analysis of data in a corpus which comprises a selection of recipes taken from both Middle English Medical Texts (Taavitsainen - Pahta - Mäkinen 2005) and The corpus of early English recipes. The metadiscursive approach to the study of medical recipes will allow us to establish links between authors, texts and audience of the recipe genre and, consequently, to affirm their status as products of social engagement.
Nonstandard Were and the Nonstandard forms of the Preterite Negative of to be in Nineteenth Century New England Civil War Letters and Literary Dialect Portrayals
Authors: Pablé Adrian , Dylewski Radosław , Urbańska Agnieszka 
Published: January 2010

Nonstandard Were and the Nonstandard forms of the Preterite Negative of to be in Nineteenth Century New England Civil War Letters and Literary Dialect Portrayals
The present paper presents the preliminary results of the study of were in nonstandard positions as well as nonstandard preterit negative forms of to be in mid- and late nineteenth century New England folk speech. More specifically, the aim of the study is to investigate whether the grammatical feature at issue, deemed to have been confined to the Mid- and South Atlantic states in several scholarly publications, is also attested in the verbal repository of New Englanders of the mid- and late nineteenth century. The analysis relies mainly on the scrutiny of two types of primary sources: informal Civil War letters penned by less literate individuals, and fictional portrayals written by New England regionalists. The data retrieved from the inspected body of material confirms the presence of were/weren't/wa'n't (and other spellings) in nonstandard contexts, preponderantly in the literary dialect portrayals, whereas Civil War correspondence seems rather devoid of the traits at issue. As indicated above, the paper presents the preliminary results of the study: it is believed that an analysis of a bigger corpus of Civil War material, which is currently being compiled, might identify more instances of forms at issue in nonstandard environments.
On the Diversity of Linguistic Evidence for Conceptual Metaphor
Authors: Górska Elżbieta 
Published: January 2010

On the Diversity of Linguistic Evidence for Conceptual Metaphor
In this article my main concern is the linguistic evidence for the view that metaphor is conceptual in nature. Since the fact that there is a great diversity of linguistic evidence for patterns of metaphorical thought has been, by and large, not emphasized enough, I overview a variety of such evidence, which can be derived from the study of different aspects of meaning within a particular language, crosslinguistically, and at a metalinguistic level. However, in itself the variety of linguistic evidence, even though it speaks very strongly for the idea that metaphor is conceptual in nature, is not sufficient to justify it. Therefore, recognizing the fact that claims about our conceptual system which are based on linguistic analyses alone remain within the "language - thought - language" circle, the article discusses also some kinds of nonlinguistic evidence for conceptual metaphors. Psycholinguistic research on metaphorical reasoning is presented as a major source of such nonlinguistic verifications. Drawing on Daniel Barenboim's BBC Reith lectures of 2006, it is also argued that convergent evidence from language and music may serve to break open the "language - thought - language" circle.
Natural Syntax of Belfast English (I) Subject-Verb Agreement, (II) Imperative
Authors: Orešnik Janez 
Published: January 2010

Natural Syntax of Belfast English (I) Subject-Verb Agreement, (II) Imperative
The framework of this paper is Natural Syntax initiated by the author in the tradition of (morphological) naturalness as established by †Willi Mayerthaler and Wolfgang U. Dressler.
Natural Syntax is a developing deductive theory. The naturalness judgements are couched in naturalness scales, which follow from the basic parameters (or "axioms") listed at the beginning of the paper. The predictions of the theory are calculated in what are known as deductions, the chief components of each being a pair of naturalness scales and the rules governing the alignment of corresponding naturalness values. Parallel and chiastic alignment are distinguished and related to Henning Andersen's early work on markedness.
Natural Syntax is exemplified here with two syntactic phenomena found in Belfast English and partly deviating from Standard English: (I) subject-verb agreement, (II) the imperative. The language data are taken from Henry (1995), and close attention has been paid to the (TG-)interpretations adduced in that monograph.
Some recent work related to Natural Syntax: Orešnik (2007a-e, 2008a-c) and Orešnik and Cvetko-Orešnik (2009, only work written in English is mentioned).