bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of treatment of depression on quality of life, disability and relapse in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Menza Matthew , Dobkin Roseanne DeFronzo , Marin Humberto , Mark Margery H. , Gara Michael , Buyske Steven , Bienfait Karina , Dicke Allison 
Published: May 2009

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease affecting up to one million individuals in the United States. Depression is found in 40 to 50% of these patients and is associated with a variety of poor outcomes for both patients and their families. Despite this, there are few evidence‐based data to guide clinical care. This was an NIH‐funded, randomized, controlled trial of paroxetine, nortriptyline, and placebo. It included an 8 week acute phase and a 16 week blind extension phase. This report details the impact of depression treatment on quality of life (QoL) and disability in the acute and extension phase of this study. Secondary outcomes included relapse, tolerability, safety, and the impact of depression treatment on PD physical functioning. Patients who had improvement in depression, compared with those who did not, had significant gains in measures of QoL and disability (PDQ‐8, P = 0.0001; SF‐36, P = 0.0001) at 8 weeks and maintained their gains in the extension phase. Patients who were on active drug were significantly less likely to relapse in the extension phase than those on placebo (P = 0.041). Though relatively modest in size, this trial provides the first controlled data on the impact of treatment of depression on QoL and disability in PD. It suggests that successfully treating depression in PD leads to important, sustained improvements in these outcomes and that patients who improve on antidepressants are less likely to relapse than are patients who initially improve on placebo. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Sociocultural determinants of men's reactions to prostate cancer diagnosis
Authors: Hughes Halbert Chanita , Wrenn Glenda , Weathers Benita , Delmoor Ernestine , Ten Have Thomas , Coyne James C. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjective: To develop a better understanding of how men react to being diagnosed with prostate cancer and identify factors that influence these responses, we conducted an observational study to identify sociocultural predictors of men's psychological reactions.Methods: Participants were 70 African American and 124 white prostate cancer patients who completed a structured telephone interview that evaluated psychological reactions in terms of intrusive thoughts about cancer and attempts to avoid cancer‐related thoughts and feelings. Perceptions of disease‐specific stress, cultural beliefs and values, and social constraints were also assessed during the interview.Results: There were no racial differences in men's reactions to being diagnosed with prostate cancer; however, greater perceptions of disease‐specific stress, increasing levels of present temporal orientation, and more social constraints had significant positive effects on avoidant reactions. Greater perceptions of stress also had a significant positive effect on intrusive thoughts.Conclusions: The results of this study highlight the need for individualized approaches to help men address their thoughts and feelings about being diagnosed with prostate cancer. These efforts should include strategies that help men to communicate more effectively with social support resources and address cultural beliefs and values related to temporal orientation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of o,oEDDHA – a xenobiotic chelating agent used in Fe fertilizers – in plant tissues by liquid chromatography/electrospray mass spectrometry: overcoming matrix effects
Authors: Orera Irene , Abadía Anunciación , Abadía Javier , Álvarez‐Fernández Ana 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe Fe(III)‐chelate of ethylenediamine‐N,N′‐bis(o‐hydroxyphenylacetic) acid (o,oEDDHA) is generally considered as the most efficient and widespread Fe fertilizer for fruit crops and intensive horticulture. The determination of the xenobiotic chelating agent o,oEDDHA inside the plant is a key issue in the study of this fertilizer. Both the low concentrations of o,oEDDHA expected and the complexity of plant matrices have been important drawbacks in the development of analytical methods for the determination of o,oEDDHA in plant tissues. The determination of o,oEDDHA in plant materials has been tackled in this study by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry using several plant species and tissues. Two types of internal standards have been tested: Iron stable isotope labeled compounds and a structural analogue compound, the Fe(III) chelate of ethylenediamine‐N,N′‐bis(2‐hydroxy‐4‐methylphenylacetic) acid (o,oEDDHMA). Iron stable isotope labeled internal standards did not appear to be suitable because of the occurrence of isobaric endogenous compounds and/or isotope exchange reactions between plant native Fe pools and the Fe stable isotope of the internal standard. However, the structural analogue Fe(III)‐o,oEDDHMA is an adequate internal standard for the determination of both isomers of o,oEDDHA (racemic and meso) in plant tissues. The method was highly sensitive, with limits of detection and quantification in the range of 3–49 and 11–162 pmol g−1 fresh weight, respectively, and analyte recoveries were in the range of 74–116%. Using this methodology, both o,oEDDHA isomers were found in all tissues of sugar beet and tomato plants treated with 90 µM Fe(III)‐o,oEDDHA for 24 h, including leaves, roots and xylem sap. This methodology constitutes a useful tool for studies on o,oEDDHA plant uptake, transport and allocation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Negative ion fragmentations of deprotonated peptides containing post‐translational modifications. An unusual cyclisation/rearrangement involving phosphotyrosine; a joint experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Wang Tianfang , Andreazza Hayley J. , Bilusich Daniel , Bowie John H. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe characteristic fragmentations of a pTyr group in the negative ion electrospray mass spectrum of the [M–H]− anion of a peptide or protein involve the formation of PO (m/z 79) and the corresponding [(M‐H)−–HPO3]− species. In some tetrapeptides where pTyr is the third residue, these characteristic anion fragmentations are accompanied by ions corresponding to H2PO and [(M‐H)−–H3PO4]− (these are fragmentations normally indicating the presence of pSer or pThr). These product ions are formed by rearrangement processes which involve initial nucleophilic attack of a C‐terminal ‐CO [or ‐C(NH)O−] group at the phosphorus of the Tyr side chain [an SN2(P) reaction]. The rearrangement reactions have been studied by ab initio calculations at the HF/6‐31+G(d)//AM1 level of theory. The study suggests the possibility of two processes following the initial SN2(P) reaction. In the rearrangement (involving a C‐terminal carboxylate anion) with the lower energy reaction profile, the formation of the H2PO and [(M‐H)−–H3PO4]− anions is endothermic by 180 and 318 kJ mol−1, respectively, with a maximum barrier (to a transition state) of 229 kJ mol−1. The energy required to form H2PO by this rearrangement process is (i) more than that necessary to effect the characteristic formation of PO from pTyr, but (ii) comparable with that required to effect the characteristic α, β and γ backbone cleavages of peptide negative ions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multivariate image analysis strategies for ToF‐SIMS images with topography
Authors: Lee J. L. S. , Gilmore I. S. , Fletcher I. W. , Seah M. P. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDespite the benefits of multivariate analysis methods, many challenges remain with their robust applications to real‐life samples relevant to industry. Here, we use hair fibres pre‐treated with a multi‐component formulation to investigate different multivariate analysis strategies for complex time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) images obtained in practical analysis. This is challenging because of extreme topography, a large number of unknown chemical components and detector saturation. We compare results from principal component analysis (PCA) and multivariate curve resolution (MCR) with no scaling, Poisson scaling and binomial scaling. Because of severe topography, scaling methods are modified to operate in the spectral domain only. We propose the use of a maximum ion intensity spectrum to highlight localised chemical features and diagnose detector saturation. Dead time correction with suitable data scaling is demonstrated to be essential for the detection of small, localised chemical variations. While PCA results are difficult to interpret, MCR results resemble secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) spectra and distributions directly. MCR is also superior to manual analysis for the detection of an important interaction between multiple ingredients. However, unlike PCA, the scores and loadings obtained on different MCR factors are correlated. The consequence of this for the optimal resolution of independent chemical features is discussed in detail. Binomial scaling is identified as the most appropriate data scaling method for this image due to detector saturation. This study provides a robust analysis strategy for complex ToF‐SIMS images, essential for increasingly complex multi‐organic surfaces and biomaterials. © Crown copyright 2009. Reproduced with the permission of HerMajesty's Stationery Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microgel Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Tracking Human Fetal Mesenchymal Stem Cells Through Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Lee Eddy S.M. , Chan Jerry , Shuter Borys , Tan Lay Geok , Chong Mark S.K. , Ramachandra Durrgah L. , Dawe Gavin S. , Ding Jun , Teoh Swee Hin , Beuf Olivier , Briguet Andre , Chiu Tam Kam , Choolani Mahesh , Wang Shih-Chang 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Stem cell transplantation for regenerative medicine has made significant progress in various injury models, with the development of modalities to track stem cell fate and migration post-transplantation being currently pursued rigorously. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows serial high-resolution in vivo detection of transplanted stem cells labeled with iron oxide particles, but has been hampered by low labeling efficiencies. Here, we describe the use of microgel iron oxide (MGIO) particles of diameters spanning 100-750 nm for labeling human fetal mesenchymal stem cells (hfMSCs) for MRI tracking. We found that MGIO particle uptake by hfMSCs was size dependent, with 600-nm MGIO (M600) particles demonstrating three- to sixfold higher iron loading than the clinical particle ferucarbotran (33-263 versus 9.6-42.0 pg iron/hfMSC; p &lt; .001). Cell labeling with either M600 particles or ferucarbotran did not affect either cellular proliferation or trilineage differentiation into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes, despite differences in gene expression on a genome-wide microarray analysis. Cell tracking in a rat photothrombotic stroke model using a clinical 1.5-T MRI scanner demonstrated the migration of labeled hfMSCs from the contralateral cortex to the stroke injury, with M600 particles achieving a five- to sevenfold higher sensitivity for MRI detection than ferucarbotran (p &lt; .05). However, model-related cellular necrosis and acute inflammation limited the survival of hfMSCs beyond 5-12 days. The use of M600 particles allowed high detection sensitivity with low cellular toxicity to be achieved through a simple incubation protocol, and may thus be useful for cellular tracking using standard clinical MRI scanners.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
On the Significance of β Intersections in Superposed Deformation Fabrics
Authors: Lindström Maurits 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe uncertainty of the most frequent orientations of β and fold axes relative to tectonic co-ordinates has possibly been overemphasized in tectonic literature. The β concentrations of obliquely deformed folds will be spread along characteristic paths. The superposed deformation would in most cases of flexural slip appear as folds in certain predominant directions and on suitably oriented surfaces. In tectonites with a single, nearly horizontal mode for the orientations of the lamination, β maxima formed by flexural slip should mostly be parallel to the axes of rotation.
The Composite Sill of Rudh' a' Chromain, Carsaig, Mull
Authors: Buist D. S. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe sill shows the normal type of spatial relationship found in composite intrusions of the British Tertiary, i.e. basic-acid-basic. The basic rocks are Talaidh type tholeiites while the acid rock is a rhyolite. Xenoliths appear to be concentrated in the upper and lower tholeiites. This fact has suggested to the authors of the Mull Memoir that a process of gravitational differentiation resulted in the formation of the basic and acid magmas. The evidence is inconclusive as to what process operated in magma genesis. The mineralogy of the xenoliths found in the sill is described in detail.
Some Erratics from Teifi Estuary, Western Cardiganshire
Authors: Macdonald H. A. Hope 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA petrographical description is given of some erratics from the Teifi Estuary, Cardiganshire. Rock types present include granite from Ireland; greisen and Eskdale granite from the Lake District; granophyre, picrite, diabase and gneiss from the Lleyn Peninsula; granophyre and diabase from Merionethshire.
On the Occurrence of Comarocystites or Sinclairocystis (Paracrinoidea: Comarocystitidae) in the Starfish Bed, Threave Glen, Girvan
Authors: Paul C. R. C. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTwo isolated thecal plates of a Comarocystitid paracrinoid are described from the Starfish Bed, Girvan. The discovery extends the stratigraphic and geographical range of the family Comarocystitidae and class Paracrinoidea.
The Middle Devonian Marine Transgression in North Devon and West Somerset
Authors: Webby B. D. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe lithological and faunal changes through the transition from non-marine Hangman Grits to marine Ilfracombe Beds of North Devon and West Somerset suggest the presence of a major depositional marine transgression. A fauna of thick-shelled lamellibranchs and gastropods occurs in beds lying stratigraphically between the flu-viatile Hangman deposits below, and the shallow-water marine Ilfracombe Beds above, and is considered to indicate an intermediate phase of intertidal depositional conditions. The transgression appears to have advanced across the region in a north-north-easterly direction during Lower-Middle Givetian times following coastal subsidence and possibly an associated rise of sea level.
The Junction Between the Mozambique and Zambesi Orogenic Belts; North-east Southern Rhodesia
Authors: Johnson R. L. , Vail J. R. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractReconnaissance work carried out in north-east Southern Rhodesia has shown that the Umkondo System, previously known in the Mozambique Belt, extends into the Zambesi Belt. It is further demonstrated that the two belts were broadly continuous in structure and metamorphism during the important orogeny c. 500 m·y. The possibility that the mobile belts were active considerably earlier than 500 m·y. is discussed.
On a Granite-Metadolerite Contact at Curran Hill, County Donegal, Ireland
Authors: Hall A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe paper describes reaction zones at a contact between the Older Granodiorite of Donegal and an included mass of metadolerite. The metadolerite has been converted to a biotite-rich rock and the granodiorite has been converted to a leucotrondhjemite. Chemical analyses and petrographic descriptions are given for each of the rock types.
Roof modification of a high level granite, Jos-Bukuru Younger Granite Ring Complex, Nigeria
Authors: Webb P. K. 
Published: May 2009

SummaryThe Rayfield-Gona granite of the Jos Plateau, Nigeria, formerly regarded as an independent intrusive body, is now thought to be a roof facies of the Ngell granite. This explains several phenomena, such as the gradational contact between the two, and the distinctive mineral assemblage of the former.
Steps facing against the slip direction: a model
Authors: Lindström M. 
Published: May 2009

SummaryDry starch-flour provides a light, suitably cohesive material in which slip structures can be produced. These resemble slickensides and offer some insight into one of the possible processes whereby structures occurring on natural slickensides may be produced. Steps consistently face against the movement direction. They form by the partial disintegration of temporarily coherent lumps dragged along the surface.
The Underground Structure of Eastern England
Authors: Rastall R. H. 
Published: May 2009

The foregoing sketch brings out marked resemblances in the geological features of eastern and southern England on the one hand, and the neighbouring parts of the continent on the other. In both areas we find an old plateau of pre-Devonian rocks, against which Devonian and Carboniferous rocks are violently thrust from the south by Armorican and Variscan folds, giving rise to highly complex coal-basins in Belgium, France and Somerset, a type of structure possibly to be encountered in the future in Kent. In Belgium this plateau sinks to the north-east under the Campine coalfield, while in England its north-west margin is complicated by the incidence of posthumous folds of Charnian strike.In eastern England, east of the Charnwood line, there is evidence for the existence of Professor Kendall's Willoughby axis, with north-west strike; between this and the Charnwood line there are indications of similar parallel buried trend-lines in the folding and faulting of the visible Yorks-Derby-Notts coalfield, and also, as suggested by Professor Fearnsides, in the general shape of this basin.Further to the north, however, the general line of the Cleveland and Market Weighton axes is not Charnian, being about west 5° north. The Market Weighton axis, which is of Charnian type, with many repeated movements, does not form the boundary of the coalfield; this is in fact constituted by the southern flank of the broad Cleveland uplift, which is of Wealden type; an anticline superposed on an earlier sinking area.
On Rock Glass, and the Solid and Liquid States
Authors: Hawkes Leonard 
Published: May 2009

The solid and liquid states are defined on the basis of the viscosity-temperature curve.Glasses are amorphous solids. Their state of molecular aggregation is fundamentally different from that of liquids: they are not super-cooled liquids.It is suggested that porphyritic texture may result from an even rate of magmatic cooling on account of the abnormal increase in viscosity which occurs before vitrifaction.
Palaeo-oceanography and biogeography in the Tremadoc (Ordovician) Iapetus Ocean and the origin of the chemostratigraphy of Dictyonema flabelliforme black shales
Authors: Wilde P. , Quinby-Hunt M. S. , Berry W. B. N. , Orth C. J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractHigh concentrations of vanadium, molybdenum, uranium, arsenic, antimony with low concentrations of manganese, iron and cobalt heretofore restricted to Dictyonema flabelliforme-bearing Tremadoc black shales in Balto-Scandia, have been found in coeval black shales in the Saint John, New Brunswick area. Prior palaeogeographic reconstructions place these areas about 400 km. apart in high southern latitudes in the Iapetus Ocean, with New Brunswick in proximity to Avalonia (southeastern Newfoundland). These geochemical similarities are not found in coeval Tremadoc black shales of Bolivia, New York, Quebec, Wales, and Belgium. Palaeo-oceanographic reconstructions of Iapetus support the proximity of Balto-Scandia and the Saint John area during the early Tremadoc and Gee'sx (1981) suggestion that the signature is a feature of eastern Iapetus. Furthermore, first-order modelling of the major surface currents and related primary productivity in the Tremadoc Iapetus Ocean explain the apparent wide latitudinal range of D. flabelliforme (Fortey, 1984) and the anomalous trace metal content of certain black shales of that time. Variations in the elemental content of these black shales is produced by oceanographic and geologic conditions unique to the geographic site. The distinctive Balto-Scandic geochemical signature resulted from the coincidence of anoxic waters transgressing the shelf at latitudes of high organic productivity at the polar Ekman planetary divergence. This produces the conditions for concentrations of V, U, and Mo in the shales. Metal enriched anoxic bottom waters produced by leaching of volcanics or through hydrothermal activity may be the source of the other enhanced signature elements such as As and Sb. The absence of this geochemical signature in younger non-D. flabelliforme Tremadoc and later black shales in Balto-Scandia and other areas suggests that the closing of Iapetus moved the depositional sites into less productive oceanic areas.
The origin and significance of crystal rich inclusions in pumices from two Chilean ignimbrites
Authors: de Silva S. L. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractCrystal rich (∼ 70–98% phenocrysts) magmatic inclusions in pumices for compositionally heterogeneous ignimbrites from the Central Andes of northern Chile are interpreted as the products of crystal accretion at the sidewalls of the magma chambers. The inclusions are typically andesitic in composition and are found as ‘peppery textured’ lenses and bands, or as discrete ovoid ‘blobs’ within dacitic pumices from the early erupted portions of the ignimbrites. The inclusions have a bimodal gain size with large phenocrysts (> 1 mm), typical of those of the host pumice, set in a dominant finegrained framework (< 0.5 mm) of plagioclase, with lesser amounts of hornblende and biotite in equal proportions, and ubiquitous titanomagnetite in a matrix of vesiculated high-Si rhyolite glass. An igneous microgranular texture is defined by this framework. The mineralogy of the inclusions, as well as the compositions of the phenocrysts and glass, are very similar to those of the host pumices. These characteristics, in addition to available major, trace and REE data, are best reconciled if the inclusions represented samples of fractionated crystals and glass from the same magma as the host pumice. The restricted occurrence of these inclusions in the early erupted portions of the ignimbrites suggests that these crystal accumulations occurred in the upper portions of the magma chambers, at the sidewall; the dominantly fine grain size and crystal rich nature of the inclusions are considered to be the result of the higher thermal gradient in the boundary layer.These inclusions may be an important link between the experimental and geochemical models for the origin of compositional layering in magma chambers by sidewall crystallization. The presence of similar inclusions in other ignimbrites and volcanics, as well as plutonics, suggest that they may be a common feature of silicic magmas.
A new genus of brissid echinoid from the Miocene of Australia
Authors: McNamara K. J. , Ah Yee C. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe brissid echinoid Amoraster (gen. nov.) is described from Miocene strata in southern Australia on the basis of two species: A. paucituberculata sp. nov., which ranges from the Batesfordian (latest Early Miocene) Bochara Limestone to the Bairnsdalian–Mitchellian (Middle–Late Miocene) Port Campbell Limestone in Victoria; and A. tuberculata sp. nov. from the Longfordian (Early Miocene) Mannum Formation in South Australia. Morphological changes which occurred with the evolution of A. paucituberculata from A. tuberculata are interpreted as being adaptations to the occupation of a finer grained sediment by the descendant species.