bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of disturbance and distance from a riparian corridor on spiders in a temperate rainforest
Authors: Copley Claudia R. , Winchester Neville N. 
Published: May 2010

In anthropogenically disturbed forested riparian ecosystems that contain vagile organisms, we expect dispersal to be a factor that determines patterns of diversity that differ from similar, but continuous, undisturbed habitats. We studied the effects of habitat alteration on community composition by characterizing the spider assemblage of a riparian corridor in an ancient forest and a regenerating coniferous forest in the Carmanah Valley, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Spiders were collected over a 15 month period using Malaise traps set along transects perpendicular to Carmanah Creek. We recorded 76 genera and 113 species representing 23 families. In both the regenerating coniferous forest and the ancient forest, a large proportion of the species were of the family Linyphiidae. Species abundance was similar in the two habitats but diversity was greater in the regenerating coniferous forest. The ancient forest was dominated by the web-building guild. Spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed no overall pattern in the species assemblages relative to the riparian corridor. Bray–Curtis similarity measure and principal components analysis results indicate that spider assemblages in the two habitats were significantly different in composition. These results suggest that habitat changes affect assemblages of spiders by altering dispersal, and these responses are evident a decade after disturbance.
Foraging ecology of black-backed woodpeckers (Picoides arcticus) in unburned eastern boreal forest stands
Authors: Tremblay Junior A. , Ibarzabal Jacques , Savard Jean-Pierre L. 
Published: May 2010

Managed coniferous forest dominates much of the black-backed woodpecker’s ( Picoides arcticus Swainson) breeding range. Despite this, little is known about the fine-scale foraging behaviour of this focal species in unburned managed forest stands in the absence of insect outbreaks. To investigate the foraging substrates used in such a habitat, we employed radio-telemetry to track a total of 27 black-backed woodpeckers. During two successive summers (2005–2006), 279 foraging observations were recorded, most of which were on dying trees, snags, and downed woody debris. Individuals frequently foraged by excavation, suggesting that in the absence of insect outbreaks the black-backed woodpecker forages mainly by drilling. The majority of foraging events occurred on recently dead snags with a mean dbh (±SE) of 18.3 ± 0.4 cm. Our results suggest that in unburned boreal forest stands, substrate diameter and decay class are important predictors of suitable foraging substrates for black-backed woodpeckers. We suggest that conservation efforts aimed at maintaining this dead-wood dependent cavity nesting species within the landscape, should endeavour to maintain 100 ha patches of old-growth coniferous forest. This would ensure the continuous production of a sufficient quantity of recently dead or dying trees to meet the foraging needs of this species.
ESTIMATING PURITY AND ENTROPY IN STABILIZER STATE EXPERIMENTS
Authors: WUNDERLICH HARALD , PLENIO MARTIN B. 
Published: May 2010

Many experiments in quantum information aim at creating graph states. Quantifying the purity of an experimentally achieved graph state could in principle be accomplished using full-state tomography. This method requires a number of measurement settings growing exponentially with the number of constituents involved. Thus, full-state tomography becomes experimentally infeasible even for a moderate number of qubits. In this paper, we present a method to estimate the purity of experimentally achieved graph states with simple measurements. The observables we consider are the stabilizers of the underlying graph. Then, we formulate the problem as: "What is the state with the least purity that is compatible with the measurement data?" We solve this problem analytically and compare the obtained bounds with results from full-state tomography for simulated data.
Pre-Late Devensian high-arctic marine deposits in SW Scotland
Authors: Peacock J.D. , Everest J.D. 
Published: May 2010

Synopsis
We present new interpretations of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data and marine fossils collected from three sites on the Rhins of Galloway which, contrary to recent proposals, suggest that the landforms and deposits of the region do not represent evidence for a readvance during the Lateglacial Period. Rather we suggest that the high-arctic fauna found in the region are representative of an earlier, colder part of a Middle Devensian ice-free interval. The predominantly streamlined topography, and distinct lack of identifiable discrete moraine limits argues for only minor, local glacial advances, in combination with widespread rapid retreat across the peninsula at the end of the Lateglacial.
Elevated flux of cosmic spherules (micrometeorites) in Ordovician rocks of the Durness Group, NW Scotland
Authors: Dredge Ian , Parnell John , Lindgren Paula , Bowden Stephen 
Published: May 2010

Synopsis
Limestone samples from the Cambro-Ordovician Durness Group were crushed, acid-digested and searched for evidence of micrometeorites. Eleven melted micrometeorites were extracted from the magnetic fraction of samples from the Balnakeil and Croisaphuill formations near the top of the group. Other formations in the Durness Group did not yield micrometeorites. Only melted spherules with a distinctive dendroidal crystalline structure (I-type cosmic spherules) were accepted as definite micrometeorites. They represent a flux of micrometeorites one to two orders of magnitude greater than at present. The micrometeorite-bearing formations are of Arenig age, coincident with the onset of an enhanced flux of extraterrestrial material identified by the occurrence of fossil meteorites in Sweden.
Discriminating faunal assemblages and their palaeoecology based on museum collections: the Carboniferous Hurlet and Index limestones of western Scotland
Authors: Dean M. T. , Owen A. W. , Bowdler-Hicks A. , Akhurst M. C. 
Published: May 2010

Synopsis
Historical collections of Scottish Carboniferous macrofossils stored at the British Geological Survey (BGS), Edinburgh include the sole remaining sources of palaeontological data from numerous localities. Exploratory numerical analyses of such collections from the Hurlet and Index limestones of Ayrshire compare favourably with published qualitative assessments of faunal assemblages and palaeoenvironments; demonstrating that old collections can still be used in modern palaeoecological investigations. Macrofaunas from these formations comprise mainly brachiopods and molluscs and were collected from 67 localities that yielded 20 and 94 samples from the Hurlet and Index limestones respectively. Limitations of the presence/absence data were partly overcome by consolidation and restriction of aspects of the data set. Seriation indicates the lithological and environmental gradients of taxa. Cluster analysis reveals groups of samples linked to lithofacies. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) of diversity data derived from the data set in terms of numbers of genera in higher taxa highlights differences in gross taxonomic composition in terms of trophic structure, lithology and environment.

Supplementary material: lists of localities taxa and sample lithologies used in this study are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18401
.
Minimally Cytotoxic Doses of Temozolomide Produce Radiosensitization in Human Glioblastoma Cells Regardless of MGMT Expression
Authors: Bobola Michael S. , Kolstoe Douglas D. , Blank A. , Silber John R. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Concurrent treatment with the methylating agent temozolomide during radiotherapy has yielded the first significant improvement in the survival of adult glioblastomas (GBM) in the last three decades. However, improved survival is observed in a minority of patients, most frequently those whose tumors display CpG methylation of the O6-methylguanine (O6-meG)-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter, and adult GBMs remain invariably fatal. Some, although not all, preclinical studies have shown that temozolomide can increase radiosensitivity in GBM cells that lack MGMT, the sole activity in human cells that removes O6-meG from DNA. Here, we systematically examined the temozolomide dose dependence of radiation killing in established GBM cell lines that differ in ability to remove O6-meG or tolerate its lethality. Our results show that minimally cytotoxic doses of temozolomide can produce dose-dependent radiosensitization in MGMT-deficient cells, MGMT-proficient cells, and MGMT-deficient cells that lack mismatch repair, a process that renders cells tolerant of the lethality of O6-meG. In cells that either possess or lack MGMT activity, radiosensitization requires exposure to temozolomide before but not after radiation and is accompanied by formation of double-strand breaks within 45 minutes of radiation. Moreover, suppressing alkyladenine-DNA glycosylase, the only activity in human cells that excises 3-methyladenine from DNA, reduces the temozolomide dose dependence of radiosensitization, indicating that radiosensitization is mediated by 3-methyladenine as well as by O6-meG. These results provide novel information on which to base further mechanistic study of radiosensitization by temozolomide in human GBM cells and to develop strategies to improve the outcome of concurrent temozolomide radiotherapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(5); 1208–18. ©2010 AACR.
Pluripotency of human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells for cardiac and vascular regeneration
Authors: Boheler Kenneth R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryCardiac and vascular abnormalities and disease syndromes are major causes of death both during human development and with aging. To identify the cause of congenital defects and to combat this epidemic in the aging population, new models must be created for scientific investigation and new therapies must be developed. Recent advances in pluripotent stem cell biology offer renewed hope for tackling these problems. Of particular importance has been the creation of induced pluripotent (iPS) cells from adult tissues and organs through the forced expression of two to four transcription factors. Moreover, iPS cells, which are phenotypically indistinguishable from embryonic stem (ES) cells, can be generated from any patient. This unique capacity when coupled with samples from patients who have congenital and genetic defects of unknown aetiology should permit the creation of new model systems that foment scientific investigation. Moreover, creation of patient-specific cells should overcome many of the immunological limitations that currently impede therapeutic applications associated with other pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives. The aims of this paper will be to discuss cardiac and vascular diseases and show how iPS cells may be employed to overcome some of the most significant scientific and clinical hurdles facing this field.
Advances in cardiovascular molecular imaging for tracking stem cell therapy
Authors: Ransohoff Katherine J. , Wu Joseph C. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe high mortality rate associated with cardiovascular disease is partially due to the lack of proliferative cells in the heart. Without adequate repair following myocardial infarction, progressive dilation can lead to heart failure. Stem cell therapies present one promising option for treating cardiovascular disease, though the specific mechanisms by which they benefit the heart remain unclear. Before stem cell therapies can be used safely in human populations, their biology must be investigated using innovative technologies such as multi-modality molecular imaging. The present review will discuss the basic principles, labelling techniques, clinical applications, and drawbacks associated with four major modalities: radionuclide imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, bioluminescence imaging, and fluorescence imaging.
Comparison of methods for monitoring residual platelet reactivity after clopidogrel by point-of-care tests on whole blood in high-risk patients
Authors: Antonucci Emilia , Maggini Niccolò , Miranda Marco , Gori Anna , Marcucci Rossella , Giusti Betti , Balzi Daniela , Prisco Domenico , Abbate Rosanna , Paniccia Rita 
Published: May 2010

SummaryCardiovascular events are more frequent in high-risk coronary artery disease (CAD) patients on dual antiplatelet therapy with a residual platelet reactivity (RPR) than in those showing inhibition of ADP-inducible platelet activation. It is known that post-interventional RPR is a clinically important entity confirming it as a risk factor for thrombo-is-chaemic events. Multiple electrode platelet aggregometry (MEA) on whole blood has been recently proposed as a rapid tool to evaluate RPR in high-risk CAD patients on clopidogrel therapy. It was the aim of this study to detect RPR in 801 high-risk CAD patients on dual antiplatelet therapy comparing MEA with the VerifyNow P2Y12 assay on whole blood and classical light transmission aggregation (LTA) on plateletrich plasma. ADP (10 μM) was employed as agonist for MEA and LTA. The prevalence of RPR was 20.6% by MEA, 16.1% by LTA and 30.8% by VerifyNow. MEA showed a significant correlation (rho=0.62, p<0.0001) with VerifyNow and a moderate agreement (k=0.52, p<0.001) with 81.5% of concordant values. A significant correlation was found between MEA and LTA (rho=0.71, p<0.001) with a good agreement (k=0.63, p<0.001) and 88.8% of concordant values. MEA in relation to LTA showed a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 91%. MEA might represent a reliable method and valid alternative in comparison with other available platelet function assays. It might help to guide antiplatelet therapy and thus improve clinical outcome of high-risk CAD patients.
Characterisation and validity of inflammatory biomarkers in the prediction of post-operative atrial fibrillation in coronary artery disease patients
Authors: Kaireviciute Diana , D. Blann Andrew , Balakrishnan Balu , Lane Deirdre A. , Patel Jeetesh V. , Uzdavinys Giedrius , Norkunas Gediminas , Kalinauskas Gintaras , Sirvydis Vytautas , Aidietis Audrius , Lip Gregory Y. H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAtrial fibrillation (AF) is a common complication of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We sought to determine the diagnostic validity of plasma biomarkers of i) inflammation (marked by interleukin-6 [IL-6] and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP]), ii) extracellular matrix remodelling (matrix metalloproteinase [MMP-9], tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase [TIMP-1]) and iii) the prothrombotic state (tissue factor and von Willebrand factor [vWF]) in the risk prediction of post-operative AF. Samples were obtained preoperatively from peripheral/femoral vein and from intracardiac chambers (right atrium [RA], the right atrial appendage [RAA], the left atrium [LA] and the left atrial appendage [LAA]) amongst 100 consecutive patients free of AF and inflammatory disease undergoing elective CABG. Biomarker concentrations were related to incident AF (30 days). At 30 days post CABG, 30 patients were proven to have had AF. Concentrations of tissue factor (TF) and vWF were unrelated to postoperative AF. Peripheral (p=0.018), and intracardiac levels (RAA (p=0.029) and LA (p=0.026)) of hs-CRP were associated with the presence of AF after CABG. Intracardiac levels of IL-6 in samples from the RAA (p=0.031), LA (p=0.042) and LAA (p=0.006), and MMP-9 in the LAA sample were also associated with AF (p=0.007). Our data suggest that an intra-cardiac inflammatory environment that is manifest peri-operatively may predispose to the development of post-operative AF. This intracardiac inflammatory state was reflected by increased peripheral hs-CRP levels. These differences may indicate local substrate abnormalities contributing to the development of AF post-operatively.
The effects of low-molecular-weight heparin at two different dosages on thrombin generation in cancer patients.
Authors: Traby Ludwig , Kaider Alexandra , Schmid Rainer , Kranz Alexander , Quehenberger Peter , Kyrle Paul A. , Eichinger Sabine 
Published: May 2010

SummaryNon-surgical cancer patients are at high thrombotic risk. We hypothesised that the prothrombotic state is reflected by elevated thrombin generation and can be mitigated by increasing the low-molecularweight heparin (LMWH) dose. Non-surgical cancer patients were randomised to enoxaparin 40 or 80 mg. D-dimer, prothrombin fragment F1+2 (F1+2) and peak thrombin (PT) were measured 2, 4, 6 hours (h) after LMWH (day 1) and daily for 4 days. A total of 22 and 27 patients received enoxaparin 40 and 80 mg, respectively. D-dimer and F1+2 moderately decreased after 6 h in both groups. After enoxaparin 80 mg, D-dimer baseline levels [median (quartiles)] decreased from day 1 to 4 [1054.9 (549.5, 2714.0) vs. 613.0 (441.1, 1793.5) ng/ml] (p<0.0001), while no difference was seen after 40 mg. Baseline PT levels [median (quartiles)] were 426.2 nM (347.3, 542.3) (40 mg) and 394.0 nM (357.1, 448.8) (80 mg). After 80 mg, PT significantly decreased to 112.4 nM (68.5, 202.4), 57.1 nM (38.0, 101.2) and 43.6 nM (23.4, 112.8) after 2, 4 and 6 h, which was lower than after 40 mg (p=0.003). After 80 mg, PT decreased from day 1 to 4 [358.6 nM (194.2, 436.6); p=0.06] while no difference was seen after 40 mg. In conclusion, in cancer patients coagulation activation and thrombin generation is substantially increased. Peak thrombin levels are sensitive to the anticoagulant effects of LMWH at different dosages. The prothrombotic state is substantially attenuated by higher LMWH doses.
Magical Realism in Libya
Authors: Cooke Miriam 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis essay argues that the writings of Libyan Ibrāhīm al-Kūnī, and particularly Nazīf al-hajar with its emphasis on animal-human juxtapositions and metamorphoses, should be considered examples of Arab magical realism. The circular narrative tells the story of a multi-generational struggle of a Touareg family with a legendary animal called a waddan. The last scion, he is taken on a trip to the border between the natural and the supernatural where he metamorphoses into the predator, the legendary animal and the history that both contain.
Beyond the Modernity Complex: Abd al-Hakīm Qāsim’s Re-Writing of the Nahdah Self-Narrative
Authors: al-Musawi Muhsin 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to study Abd al-Hakīm Qāsim’s Ayyām al-insān al-sabah (1969; The Seven Days of Man) and its sequel al-Mahdī (1977) as post-Nahdah self-narratives that leave behind the complex encounter with the West and bypass thereby the modernity binary of a backward tradition versus the offers of a European civilization. The schizophrenic narratives of encounter have confined Arabic narrative and limited its potential to engage individual experience in a dynamic social life. The post-Nahdah narrative interrogates other facts on the ground that relate to the nation-state, selfhood, family, communal life and religion. Abd al-Hakīm Qāsim’s Ayyām al-insān al-sabah is a pioneering text in this respect and deserves full attention in order to understand the radical shift in Arabic literature after 1967. Its mode of self-narration is not subservient to the canonical autobiography of Tāhā Husayn, and its unfolding takes place among contending powers where space implicates characters in action and enables human agency to have full play beyond the Nahdah legacy of cultural dependency.
One Face of the Hero: Reading Yahyā Haqqī’s Qindīl Umm Hāshimas Modern Myth
Authors: Bell Gregory J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractYahyā Haqqī’s 1944 novella, Qindīl Umm Hāshim (The Lamp of Umm Hashim), tells the story of a young Egyptian, Ismail, who travels to England to study ophthalmology and returns to Egypt to practice medicine. The often fraught relationship between Egypt and the West is reflected in the difficulties Ismail faces, first in England and then in Egypt after his return. This paper argues that Qindīl Umm Hāshim is a modern myth which follows the universal “monomythic” pattern identified by Joseph Campbell. By reading the story as a myth, the paper provides insight into the meaning and structure of Haqqī’s novella. Why Haqqī chose to draw upon the genre of myth is discussed, as is his use and disruption of the monomythic pattern and the ways in which this allows him to comment upon Egypt’s relationship with the West.
Disorientation and the Metropolis in Hudā Barakāt’s Hārith al-miyāh
Authors: Amin Dina 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn Hārith al-miyāh (The Tiller of Waters, 1998) Hudā Barakāt departs from traditional war narratives to unravel the horrors of war by depicting a protagonist whose life is reduced to an animal-like existence and whose relationship with space and time disorients both him and the reader. To preserve knowledge of his self, and to safeguard his homeland from complete annihilation, he reconstructs its history by telling stories to his beloved about Lebanon’s textiles industry. Through this alternative national ‘history,’ he tries to re-orient himself with (and within) his metropolis as it becomes a war-ravished wasteland. As he recreates his nation through oral narration, he also reintegrates its (now) scattered and conflicting communities as he recalls them into his narratives. This essay argues that the knowledge of history challenges disorientation and can become a means by which to defend the metropolis from erasure.
Loss and Memory: The Exilic Nihilism of Wadī Saādah, Australia’s Lebanese Émigré Poet
Authors: Burt Clarissa 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWadī Saādah, poet of the new Lebanese Mahjar, writes the loss and alienation which have been salient features of the experience the generation who came of age in the early 1970s and witnessed the horrors of recent Lebanese history. In his inimitable prose-poetic style, he documents the existential vortex which draws him in, but from which his poems escape as exquisite flares shot from afar, illuminating for us brilliantly, briefly where he has gone, tracers of personal, generational, and historical dissolution.
Three Recent Flavors of Drought in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Bumbaco Karin A. , Mote Philip W. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
In common with much of the western United States, the Pacific Northwest (defined in this paper as Washington and Oregon) has experienced an unusual number of droughts in the past decade. This paper describes three of these droughts in terms of the precipitation, temperature, and soil moisture anomalies, and discusses different drought impacts experienced in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). For the first drought, in 2001, low winter precipitation in the PNW produced very low streamflow that primarily affected farmers and hydropower generation. For the second, in 2003, low summer precipitation in Washington (WA), and low summer precipitation and a warm winter in Oregon (OR) primarily affected streamflow and forests. For the last, in 2005, a lack of snowpack due to warm temperatures during significant winter precipitation events in WA, and low winter precipitation in OR, had a variety of different agricultural and hydrologic impacts. Although the proximal causes of droughts are easily quantified, the ultimate causes are not as clear. Better precipitation observations in the PNW are required to provide timely monitoring of conditions leading to droughts to improve prediction in the future.