bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mass Transport/Diffusion and Surface Reaction Process with Lattice Boltzmann
Authors: De Prisco Giuseppe , Shan Xiaowen 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMulti-component flow with chemical reactions is a common problem in different industrial applications: the mixing chamber of a reaction injection molding (RIM) machine; the dynamics of diesel soot particles interacting with a porous-ceramic particulate filter; reactive transport in porous media; bio-chemical processes involving enzyme-catalyzed kinetics. In all these cases, mass diffusion/convection and wall or volume chemical interactions among components play an important role. In the present paper we underline the importance of diffusion/convection/reaction mechanisms in bio-chemical processes using the Lattice Boltzmann (LB) technique. The bio-application where we studied diffusion/convection/reaction mechanisms is the quorum-sensing pathway for the bio-synthesis of the AI-2, a molecule that allows the bacteria to launch a coordinated attack on a host immune system (see [9,10] for more details of the bio-application). The overall goal is to create a micro-device to screen potential drugs that inhibit AI-2 bio-synthesis. The Michaelis-Menten saturation kinetic model is implemented at the reactive surface and the results are shown in terms of two dimensionless numbers: Damkohler (Da) and Peclet (Pe) number. For high Pe number a small conversion of reactants into products is obtained at the reactive surface, but the overall flux of products is high; moreover, a fast saturation of the conversion of reactants to products is obtained for high Da numbers. The trade-off for setting the Pe and Da numbers depends on the specific application and the technologies used in the micro-device (e.g., sensitivity of the detector, cost of reactants).
Rotational Slip Flow in Coaxial Cylinders by the Finite-Difference Lattice Boltzmann Methods
Authors: Watari Minoru 
Published: February 2011

AbstractRecent studies on applications of the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and the finite-difference lattice Boltzmann method (FDLBM) to velocity slip simulations are mostly on one-dimensional (1D) problems such as a shear flow between parallel plates. Applications to a 2D problem may raise new issues. The author performed numerical simulations of rotational slip flow in coaxial cylinders as an example of 2D problem. Two types of 2D models were used. The first were multi-speed FDLBM models proposed by the author. The second was a standard LBM, the D2Q9 model. The simulations were performed applying a finite difference scheme to both the models. The study had two objectives. The first was to investigate the accuracies of LBM and FDLBM on applications to rotational slip flow. The second was to obtain an experience on application of the cylindrical coordinate system. The FDLBM model with 8 directions and the D2Q9 model showed an anisotropic flow pattern when the relaxation time constant or the Knudsen number was large. The FDLBM model with 24 directions showed accurate results even at large Knudsen numbers.
Immersed Boundary-Lattice Boltzmann Coupling Scheme for Fluid-Structure Interaction with Flexible Boundary
Authors: Cheng Yongguang , Zhang Hui , Liu Chang 
Published: February 2011

AbstractCoupling the immersed boundary (IB) method and the lattice Boltzmann (LB) method might be a promising approach to simulate fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems with flexible structures and complex boundaries, because the former is a general simulation method for FSIs in biological systems, the latter is an efficient scheme for fluid flow simulations, and both of them work on regular Cartesian grids. In this paper an IB-LB coupling scheme is proposed and its feasibility is verified. The scheme is suitable for FSI problems concerning rapid flexible boundary motion and a large pressure gradient across the boundary. We first analyze the respective concepts, formulae and advantages of the IB and LB methods, and then explain the coupling strategy and detailed implementation procedures. To verify the effectiveness and accuracy, FSI problems arising from the relaxation of a distorted balloon immersed in a viscous fluid, an unsteady wake flow caused by an impulsively started circular cylinder at Reynolds number 9500, and an unsteady vortex shedding flow past a suddenly started rotating circular cylinder at Reynolds number 1000 are simulated. The first example is a benchmark case for flexible boundary FSI with a large pressure gradient across the boundary, the second is a fixed complex boundary problem, and the third is a typical moving boundary example. The results are in good agreement with the analytical and existing numerical data. It is shown that the proposed scheme is capable of modeling flexible boundary and complex boundary problems at a second-order spatial convergence; the volume leakage defect of the conventional IB method has been remedied by using a new method of introducing the unsteady and non-uniform external force; and the LB method makes the IB method simulation simpler and more efficient.
Comparison of Two Advection-Diffusion Methods for Tephra Transport in Volcanic Eruptions
Authors: Tsunematsu Kae , Chopard Bastien , Falcone Jean-Luc , Bonadonna Costanza 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn order to model the dispersal of volcanic particles in the atmosphere and their deposition on the ground, one has to simulate an advection-diffusion-sedimentation process on a large spatial area. Here we compare a Lattice Boltzmann and a Cellular Automata approach. Our results show that for high Peclet regimes, the cellular automata model produce results that are as accurate as the lattice Boltzmann model and is computationally more effective.
Lucas on the Relationship between Theory and Ideology
Authors: De Vroey Michel 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis paper concerns a neglected aspect of Lucas’s work: his methodological writings, published and unpublished. Particular attention is paid to his views on the relationship between theory and ideology. I start by setting out Lucas’s non-standard conception of theory: to him, a theory and a model are the same thing. I also explore the different facets and implications of this conception. In the next two sections, I debate whether Lucas adheres to two methodological principles that I dub the ‘non-interference’ precept (the proposition that ideological viewpoints should not influence theory), and the ‘non-exploitation’ precept (that the models’ conclusions should not be transposed into policy recommendations, in so far as these conclusions are built into the models’ premises). The last part of the paper contains my assessment of Lucas’s ideas. First, I bring out the extent to which Lucas departs from the view held by most specialized methodologists. Second, I wonder whether the new classical revolution resulted from a political agenda. Third and finally, I claim that the tensions characterizing Lucas’s conception of theory follow from his having one foot in the neo- Walrasian and the other in the Marshallian-Friedmanian universe.
Multiple Bilateral Ocular Metastases from Malignant Melanoma Associated with Blue Nevi
Authors: Kelmenson Amy T. , Grover Sandeep 
Published: February 2011

Purpose Malignant melanoma associated with a blue nevus is a rare diagnosis. Additionally, only a handful of cases of malignant melanoma associated with blue nevi involving the ocular structures have been reported. We report a probable case of malignant melanoma associated with a blue nevus with metastasis to multiple bilateral ocular structures. Methods Observational case report. Results We report a case of a 27-year-old man with lymph node biopsy-proven malignant melanoma as well as a separate skin biopsy of a blue nevus, who developed multiple bilateral pigmented ocular lesions on the sclera, iris, trabecular meshwork, and choroid. Conclusions Although ocular histopathologic evidence could not be obtained, our case likely represents a case of explosive widespread metastasis probably originating from a blue nevus of unknown location, which involved both eyes and adnexae.
Bilateral (opercular and paracentral lobular) polymicrogyria and neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Ruggieri Martino , Mastrangelo Mario , Spalice Alberto , Mariani Rosanna , Torrente Isabella , Polizzi Agata , Bottillo Irene , Di Biase Claudio , Iannetti Paola 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAnecdotal cases of polymicrogyria (PMG; a malformation of cortical development consisting of an excessive number of small gyri with abnormal lamination) in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) have been described; however, the cases were unilateral and had negative NF1 genetic testing. We describe an 11‐year‐old girl with NF1 manifesting as a complex epileptic syndrome, including partial seizures secondarily generalized and status epilepticus, who had in association, bilateral, asymmetrical (opercular and paracentral lobular) PMG. She had a 1‐bp deletion (c.1862delC) in exon 12b of the NF1 gene. It is notable that, given the key role played by the NF1 gene product, neurofibromin, in normal brain development, and the relatively high frequency of other brain findings in NF1, there are not more NF1 cases with brain malformations manifesting as PMG. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical phenotypes of a juvenile sibling pair carrying the fragile X premutation
Authors: Basuta Kirin , Narcisa Vivien , Chavez Alyssa , Kumar Madhur , Gane Louise , Hagerman Randi , Tassone Flora 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIndividuals with alleles containing 55–200 CGG repeats in the fragile X mental retardation (FMR1) gene are premutation carriers. The premutation allele has been shown to lead to a number of types of clinical involvement, including shyness, anxiety, social deficits, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and executive function deficits. Some of these problems could be due to mild deficits of the fragile X protein (FMRP) and a possible developmental effect of the elevated FMR1 mRNA observed in carriers. In addition, two abnormal phenotypes specific to the premutation have been described. Primary ovarian insufficiency (FXPOI), defined by cessation of menses prior to age 40, occurs in 20% of females with the premutation. The other phenotype, fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), affects some older adult premutation carriers. Premutation females typically have one expanded allele (≥55 CGG repeats) and one normal allele (≤54 CGG repeats). This study describes the cognitive, behavioral, and molecular profile of a female with two alleles in the premutation range (60 and 67 CGG repeats) in comparison to her brother with a similar premutation size (65 CGG repeats). Both exhibited high IQ scores, anxiety, and some physical features associated with fragile X syndrome. This comparison allows us to examine the effect of the premutation in this male–female pair while controlling for environmental and background genetic factors. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The difficult nosology of blepharophimosis–mental retardation syndromes: Report on two siblings
Authors: Dentici Maria Lisa , Mingarelli Rita , Dallapiccola Bruno 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBlepharophimosis–mental retardation syndromes (BMRS) include a group of clinically and etiologically heterogeneous conditions, which can occur as isolated features or as part of distinct disorders displaying multiple congenital anomalies. We report on two siblings, a 6‐year‐old girl and an 18‐month‐old male, presenting with overlapping clinical findings. Major characteristics included facial dysmorphisms with upward slanted palpebral fissures, blepharophimosis, telecanthus, hypertelorism, posteriorly rotated and abnormal ears, and micrognathia. Ectodermal abnormalities consisted of fine hair, sparse eyebrows, and thin skin. Both patients had feeding difficulties with gastro‐esophageal reflux and growth retardation. Psychomotor skills were severely delayed with no verbal capacity. The male sib also displayed low growth hormone (GH) levels, while the older sister had low cholesterol and mildly elevated TSH levels. Numerous metabolic/genetic investigations, including cholesterol precursors, dosage, and high‐resolution array‐CGH, were negative. BMR syndromes, including Dubowitz syndrome, Marden–Walker syndrome, Ohdo/Ohdo‐like syndromes, and the cholesterol storage disorders were considered. We concluded that these two patients are affected by a possible autosomal recessive condition within the heterogeneous clinical spectrum of BMRS, fitting with the Young–Simpson syndrome subtype. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel homozygous missense mutation (c.610G>A, p.Gly204Ser) in the WNT7A gene causes tetra‐amelia in two Saudi families
Authors: Eyaid Wafaa , Al‐Qattan Mohammad M. , Al Abdulkareem Ibrahim , Fetaini Nouf , Al Balwi Mohammed 
Published: February 2011

AbstractFuhrmann syndrome and Al‐Awadi/Raas‐Rothschild/Schinzel (AA/RRS) phocomelia syndrome are rare autosomal recessive inherited disorders characterized by aplastic/hypoplastic nails with ectopic dorsal palms, absence of humeri, hypoplastic ulnae, and bowed short radii with the elbow joints present, shown to result from missense mutations in WNT7A (p.Ala109Thr and p.Arg292Cys). Here, we describe three affected individuals belonging to two related Saudi Arabian families. All three have a similar phenotype characterized by pelvic dysplasia and truncated lower limbs compatible with the clinical diagnosis of AA/RRS. The upper limbs were more variable: one patient individual had complete amelia, whereas the others had variable limb malformations and all had absence of nails and the ventralization of the palms/digits. All affected individuals were homozygous for a mutation in exon 4 of WNT7A (c.610G>A) resulted in substitution of a highly conserved glycine to serine (p.Gly204Ser) within the Wnt signature motif [C‐K‐C‐H‐G‐V‐S‐G‐S‐C]. This report describes a third cases/family in the literature with variable phenotype of AA/RRS and Fuhrmann syndrome. Identification of this mutation further underlines the crucial involvement of WNT7A in the limb development. This novel missense homozygous mutation (p.Gly204Ser) in the WNT7A gene is a unique mutation in the degree of loss of function in the upper limb development which ranges from mild to complete absence of both upper limbs (amelia). Moreover, all three affected individuals had genitourinary anomalies, linking WNT7A function to genitourinary development. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ophthalmic findings in the Greek isolate of Cohen syndrome
Authors: Douzgou Sofia , Samples John Randall , Georgoudi Nelli , Petersen Michael Bjorn 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA high frequency of the Cohen syndrome has been observed in a Greek island with 2,000 inhabitants and a high degree of inbreeding. All patients were homozygous for a COH1, exon 6–16 deletion suggesting a founder effect. We present the results of their first systematic ophthalmologic assessment. Myopia and chorioretinal atrophy were present in all patients of this cohort. Yet, in contrast to all groups previously reported, the majority presented with corneal changes, independently from age, gender, and family history. A pair of sisters, aged 11 and 15 years old, presented with bilateral keratoconus. More frequently (86%) than in any other ethnic group, Greek patients had cataracts that were bilateral and often graded as high as 3, even at a young age. As a whole, the ophthalmic phenotype of the Greek isolate of Cohen syndrome is characterized by the involvement of both the posterior and the anterior eye segment, bilaterally, in the majority of cases (93%). Greek Cohen patients that share a founder mutation are at a higher risk of developing blindness in respect to those of other ethnicities and genotypes. This study highlighted the need for pachymetry measurement as a means of surveillance and prediction of the visual impairment frequently observed. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria and nephrolithiasis—Identification of a novel SLC34A3/NaPi‐IIc mutation
Authors: Phulwani Priya , Bergwitz Clemens , Jaureguiberry Graciana , Rasoulpour Majjid , Estrada Elizabeth 
Published: February 2011

AbstractHereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria (HHRH) is characterized by rickets, hyperphosphaturia, hypophosphatemia, elevated 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin‐D, increased gastrointestinal calcium absorption and hypercalciuria. Serum calcium, 25‐hydroxyvitamin‐D and PTH levels are normal. Here we describe a boy with HHRH, nephrolithiasis, and compound heterozygosity for one previously described mutation (g.4225_50del) and a novel splice mutation (g.1226G>A) in SLC34A3, the gene encoding the renal sodium‐phosphate co‐transporter NaPi‐IIc. The patient's mother and grandmother are carriers of g.4225_50del, and both have a history of nephrolithiasis associated with hypercalciuria and elevated 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin‐D. His three siblings (2–6 years old), who are also carriers of g.4225_50del, have hypercalciuria but so far their renal ultrasounds are normal. Thus, SLC34A3/NaPi‐IIc mutations appear to be associated with variable phenotypic changes at presentation, which can include recurrent nephrolithiasis. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A girl with metopic synostosis and trisomy 13 mosaicism: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Aypar Ebru , Yildirim M. Selman , Sert Ahmet , Ciftci Ilhan , Odabas Dursun 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTrisomy 13, or Patau syndrome is a rare chromosomal disorder characterized by a triad of cleft lip and palate, postaxial polydactyly and microcephaly. Complete, partial, or mosaic forms of the disorder can occur. Mosaic trisomy 13 is very rare, it occurs in only 5% of all patients with trisomy 13 phenotype. Metopic synostosis (MS) is premature fusion of the metopic suture, which is part of the frontal suture. It results in a V‐shaped abnormality at the front of the skull. MS may occur in a syndromic or nonsyndromic form. We report on a 24‐day‐old girl with hypotonia, MS, trigonocephaly, capillary hemangioma, hypotelorism, upward slanting palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, small nose with anteverted nares, high palate, ankyloglossia, long philtrum, low‐set ears, short neck, postaxial polydactyly of both hands and feet and congenital heart defect. Cytogenetic analysis demonstrated trisomy 13 mosaicism; 46,XX[58]/47,XX,+13[42]. Although MS has been previously reported in complete and partial forms of trisomy 13, it has not been reported in mosaic form of trisomy 13. Our report supports the evidence that trisomy 13 causes MS. It also emphasizes the need for cytogenetic investigations in patients presenting with MS and multiple congenital anomalies for providing accurate diagnosis, genetic counseling, and prenatal diagnosis. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of proximity and activity on visual and auditory monitoring in wild Japanese Macaques
Authors: Suzuki Mariko , Sugiura Hideki 
Published: February 2011

AbstractGroup‐living primates monitor group members to maintain the spatial cohesiveness of the group. We examined the possibility that visual scanning (turning the head for more than 3 sec) and contact calls (coo calls) function as visual and auditory monitoring behaviors to avoid separation from group members in wild Japanese macaques. The rate of visual scanning increased as proximity to group members decreased and as mobile activities (foraging and moving) increased, compared with immobile activities (resting and grooming). However, the rate of contact calls varied differently with proximity and activities. During resting and moving, the rate of contact calls increased as proximity decreased. In contrast, the rate increased with closer proximity during feeding. Visual scanning during all activities and contact calls during resting and moving increased when the group members were likely to spread over a larger area, suggesting that these behaviors functioned as monitoring of group members to avoid separation from the group. Contact calls also increased when the group members stayed in close proximity during foraging, suggesting that this behavior was also associated with competitive situations. Contact calls may also function to ease tension or maintain distance to avoid conflict in competitive situations. Am. J. Primatol. 73:623–631, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Crystal morphology and structure of the β‐form of isotactic polypropylene under supercooled extrusion
Authors: Zhang Bin , Chen Jingbo , Zhang Xiaoli , Shen Changyu 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA supercooled melt of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) was extruded through a capillary die. Polarized light microscopy (PLM), wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to investigate the effects of the relatively weak wall shear stress (σw), extrusion temperature (Te), and crystallization temperature (Tc) on the structure and morphology of β‐form isotactic polypropylene (β‐iPP). β‐cylindrites crystals could be observed by PLM in the extruded specimen even at a lower σw's (0.020 MPa), and the β‐iPP content increased with decreasing Te. Under a given Te of 150°C, the increase in σw positively influenced the β‐iPP content. The DSC and WAXD results indicate that the total crystallinity and β‐iPP content increased when Tc was set from 105 to 125°C; the other experimental parameters were kept on the same level. Although Tc was above 125°C, the β‐iPP content obviously decreased, and the total crystallinity continued to increase. On the basis of the influences of σw, Te, and Tc on the β‐iPP crystal morphology and structure, a modified model is proposed to explain the growing of shear‐induced β‐iPP nucleation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
The use of carbon nanotubes in textile printing
Authors: Krucińska Izabella , Skrzetuska Ewa , Urbaniak‐Domagała Wiesława 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe characteristic properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), particularly their heat conduction, electrical conductivity, high modulus of elasticity, high strength, and resistance to chemicals, have resulted in widespread application of CNTs in nanotechnologies. In this study, CNTs were used to impart specific functionality to textiles by printing techniques. To this aim, modified commercial aqueous dispersions of multiwalled CNTs from Nanocyl® were used for preparing special compositions as paste for printing by conventional techniques (screen printing) and as inks for ink‐jet printing to bestow the fabric antistatic and antibacterial properties. Taking into account the importance of the dispersion level of CNT in the printing composition from the point of view of antistatic properties, the quality of the CNT dispersion was assessed on the basis of particle size distribution by means of a DLS PSS Nicomp device. Printings were done on two types of woven fabrics: 100% cotton and 30/70% cotton/polyester blend. The CNTs used in printing were found to impart antistatic and antibacterial properties to the printed fabrics. These imparted properties were resistant to repeated washing. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis and characterization of Polymethacrylamide–Clay nanocomposites
Authors: Anbarasan R. , Arvind P. , Dhanalakshmi V. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPolymethacrylamide intercalated hectorite clay nanocomposites were synthesized by the in situ free‐radical polymerization method. The interlayer cation of hectorite clay was modified with cetyl pyridinium chloride and cetrimide, and their effects on the rate of polymerization of methacrylamide and the structure–property relationships of the resulting polymer nanocomposites were investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed a peak around 550 cm−1 that was due to the metal oxide stretching of hectorite clay in the polymer nanocomposites. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy determined the size of polymethacrylamide as 300 nm. X‐ray diffraction was used for the determination of the intercalated products. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011