bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gene or environment? Species‐specific control of stomatal density and length
Authors: Zhang Lirong , Niu Haishan , Wang Shiping , Zhu Xiaoxue , Luo Caiyun , Li Yingnian , Zhao Xinquan 
Published: April 2012

AbstractStomatal characteristics are used as proxies of paleo‐environment. Only a few model species have been used to study the mechanisms of genetic and environmental effects on stomatal initiation. Variation among species has not been quantified. In this paper, results from an in situ reciprocal transplant experiment along an elevation gradient in the northeast Tibetan Plateau are reported, in which the relative effects of genetics (original altitude) and environment (transplant altitude) on stomatal density (SD) and length (SL) were quantified. In Thalictrum alpinum, only the environment significantly influenced SD, with the variance component () of the environment found to be much greater than that of genetics () (). In Kobresia humillis, only genetics significantly influenced SD and SL, with the genetics variance component found to be greater than that of the environment (, for SD). These results suggest that the extent to which genetics and the environment determine stomatal initiation and development is species‐specific. This needs to be considered when studying genetic or environmental controls of stomatal initiation, as well as when SD and SL are used as proxies for ancient climate factors (e.g., CO2 concentration).
Journal paper filtering using multiple information
Authors: Yamamoto Masao , Kinukawa Hiroshi 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPaper filtering systems that support the effective collection of related journal papers are becoming important as the technological progress has been rapid. However, previous systems achieved insufficient filtering effectiveness because of a lack of available information in the abstract parts of journal papers that are available to the public. In this paper, we propose a paper filtering method using multiple information such as structure, co‐authors, subject category, terminology, and terms in patent document. In an evaluation of 15 subjects using 4875 journal papers, it became clear that for all subjects the effectiveness of the proposed method exceeded that of the conventional method when all of the information above was used, thus increasing suitability for practical use. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(5): 21–32, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10423
A stride value predictor suppressing conflicts focusing on predictability
Authors: Shimomura Yoshio , Kobayashi Ryotaro 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe stride value predictor is a technology that eases the data dependency, a factor restricting program parallelism. This mechanism predicts the values that the instruction generates by using a Value History Table (VHT). The problem of conflict in the VHT is a factor limiting predictive performance. In order to reduce conflict in the VHT, we focus on predictability, proposing two schemes. One consists of updating the only predictable instructions to the VHT, and the other consists of reducing the replacement frequency of the VHT. The evaluation results show that improving the predictive performance without increasing the number of entries of the VHT or decreasing the number of VHT entries at the cost of a small predictive performance loss becomes possible by the addition of a small‐scale dedicated table. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(5): 8–20, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10424
Variations in discharge current waveforms and their power spectra injected from contact discharges of ESD‐gun with different arrangements
Authors: Taka Yoshinori , Fujiwara Osamu 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) has prescribed an immunity test (IEC61000‐4‐2) of electronic equipment against electrostatic discharges (ESDs), in which a discharge current to be injected onto equipment under test is specified. As for the waveform, however, not the whole waveform but only the rise time, the first peak, and the current amplitudes at 30 and 60 ns are given in the time domain together with their uncertainties, which are required to check on the condition that an ESD generator (ESD‐gun) shall be arranged vertically to an IEC‐recommended calibration target and its earth return wire is kept away as far as possible from a vertical ground plane (IEC standard arrangement). In this study, to clarify how arrangements of an ESD‐gun and its earth return wire affect discharge currents, we measured discharge current waveforms for contact discharges of an ESD‐gun onto an IEC calibration target with respect to various inclinations of the ESD‐gun and arrangements of its earth return wire, and also calculated their current power spectra normalized to that of the discharge current for the IEC standard arrangement. As a result, we found that inclinations of the ESD gun affect the first peak current, which increases current power spectra by 14 dB at frequencies over 300 MHz, and that arrangements of the return wire influence the current waveforms between the first and second peaks, which provides variations in power spectra by ±12 dB in the frequency range from 10 MHz to 200 MHz. This finding suggests that arrangements of an ESD‐gun and its earth return wire are likely to cause different immunity test results. It was also found that in comparison with measured discharge currents for the standard arrangement, the calculated waveform of a discharge current from a formula, which has been included in the recent standard, has a more gentle falling waveform, and produces power spectra of +15 dB in the frequency range from 10 MHz to 200 MHz and –12 dB at frequencies over 300 MHz. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 180(1): 9–14, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21270
Improvement of power conversion efficiency of soft‐switching inverter in range of low output power by adjustable dead time control
Authors: Hoshi Nobukazu , Matsui Ayaka 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe power conversion efficiency of soft‐switching inverters can be improved by using loss‐less snubber commutation; however, the main switches of the inverter fail in zero‐voltage turn‐on when the output current is small. As a solution to this problem, adjustable dead time control in a loss‐less snubber commutation according to the magnitude of output current has been proposed. Adjustable dead time control achieves zero‐voltage turn‐on of the inverter main switches in a loss‐less snubber commutation in the range of low output current; however, waveforms of the output current of the inverter become distorted. In this paper, we propose a scheme for adjustable dead time control with dead time compensation for soft‐switching inverters. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is verified by experiments. Experimental results demonstrate that when the proposed control scheme is adopted, the power conversion efficiency in the range of low output power improves up to about 3% and the THD is improved within 3%. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 180(1): 57–64, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21282
Hard‐X‐ray‐Induced Thermal Hysteresis (HAXITH) in a Molecular Switchable Solid
Authors: Renz Franz , Vankó György , Homenya Patrick , Saadat Reza , Németh Zoltán , Huotari Simo 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn this contribution, we report the first hard‐X‐ray‐induced thermal hysteresis (HAXITH). The bistability in [Fe(phen)2(SCN)2] (phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline) is proven by alternately heating and cooling the sample under permanent irradiation with hard X‐rays. Within the hysteresis a serpentine‐like switching effect is observed. HAXITH is a new tool to monitor cooperativity among the switching units. It exhibits a threshold similar to that observed with visible light excitations.
Cancer incidence in professional flight crew and air traffic control officers: Disentangling the effect of occupational versus lifestyle exposures
Authors: dos Santos Silva Isabel , De Stavola Bianca , Pizzi Costanza , Evans Anthony D. , Evans Sally A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractFlight crew are occupationally exposed to several potentially carcinogenic hazards; however, previous investigations have been hampered by lack of information on lifestyle exposures. The authors identified, through the United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority medical records, a cohort of 16,329 flight crew and 3,165 air traffic control officers (ATCOs) and assembled data on their occupational and lifestyle exposures. Standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) were estimated to compare cancer incidence in each occupation to that of the general population; internal analyses were conducted by fitting Cox regression models. All‐cancer incidence was 20–29% lower in each occupation than in the general population, mainly due to a lower incidence of smoking‐related cancers [SIR (95% CI) = 0.33 (0.27–0.38) and 0.42 (0.28–0.60) for flight crew and ATCOs, respectively], consistent with their much lower prevalence of smoking. Skin melanoma rates were increased in both flight crew (SIR = 1.87; 95% CI = 1.45–2.38) and ATCOs (2.66; 1.55–4.25), with rates among the former increasing with increasing number of flight hours (p‐trend = 0.02). However, internal analyses revealed no differences in skin melanoma rates between flight crew and ATCOs (hazard ratio: 0.78, 95% CI = 0.37–1.66) and identified skin that burns easily when exposed to sunlight (p = 0.001) and sunbathing to get a tan (p = 0.07) as the strongest risk predictors of skin melanoma in both occupations. The similar site‐specific cancer risks between the two occupational groups argue against risks among flight crew being driven by occupation‐specific exposures. The skin melanoma excess reflects sun‐related behaviour rather than cosmic radiation exposure.
CC‐chemokine ligand 4/macrophage inflammatory protein‐1β participates in the induction of neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury
Authors: Saika F. , Kiguchi N. , Kobayashi Y. , Fukazawa Y. , Kishioka S. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundNeuropathic pain is caused by neural damage or dysfunction and neuropathic pain‐related symptoms are resistant to conventional analgesics. Neuroinflammation due to the cytokine‐chemokine network may play a pivotal role in neuropathic pain. We demonstrate that macrophage inflammatory protein‐1β (MIP‐1β) participates in neuropathic pain.MethodsMice received partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSL), and tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were assessed by von Frey test and Hargreaves test, respectively. Agents were administered into the region surrounding the sciatic nerve (SCN).ResultsUsing reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, the mRNA expressions of MIP‐1β and its receptor (CC‐chemokine receptor 5; CCR5) in the injured SCN were up‐regulated after PSL. MIP‐1β immunoreactivity was localized in macrophages and Schwann cells and increased in the injured SCN on day 1. PSL‐induced tactile allodynia on days 4 to 7 was prevented by the administration of MIP‐1β neutralizing antibody (anti‐MIP‐1β; on days 0, 3 and 6). PSL‐induced up‐regulations of inflammatory cytokine‐chemokine mRNAs in the injured SCN were suppressed with anti‐MIP‐1β treatment on day 7. Administration of CCR5 antagonist, D‐ala‐peptide T‐amide (on days 0, 3 and 6) prevented tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia on days 4 to 14. Single administration of recombinant mouse MIP‐1β (rmMIP‐1β) elicited tactile allodynia. Moreover, rmMIP‐1β increased the mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators in the SCN on day 1 after administration.ConclusionsThese results suggest that MIP‐1β is a novel key mediator, and the peripheral MIP‐1β‐CCR5 axis contributes to neuropathic pain. Therefore, investigation of this cascade might be a validated approach for the elucidation of neuropathic pain mechanisms.
What influences midwives in estimating labour pain?
Authors: Williams A.C. de C. , Morris J. , Stevens K. , Gessler S. , Cella M. , Baxter J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundClinicians’ estimates of patients’ pain are frequently used as a basis for delivering care, and the characteristics of the clinician and of the patient influence this estimate.MethodsWe studied pain estimation by midwives attending women in uncomplicated labour. Sixty‐six practising midwives of varied age, ethnicity and professional experience were asked to complete a trait empathy measure and then to estimate the maximum pain and anxiety experienced by six women whose filmed labour contractions they viewed. Additionally, they rated similarity to the labouring women in ethnicity, and described their beliefs about pain expression according to ethnicity.ResultsMidwife estimates of pain and anxiety were highly correlated. Longer professional experience was associated with lower pain estimates, while more births to the midwife herself was associated with higher pain estimates. A multiple regression model identified number of births to the midwife herself, and two components of empathy (perspective taking and identification), to be important in predicting midwife pain estimates for women in labour. Midwives expressed clear beliefs about women's expression of pain during labour according to ethnicity, but these beliefs were not consistent across midwives, even between midwives of similar ethnicity.ConclusionMidwives’ personal characteristics can bias the estimation of pain in woman in labour and therefore influence treatment.
In vivo osteogenic response to different ratios of BMP‐2 and VEGF released from a biodegradable porous system
Authors: Hernández Antonio , Reyes Ricardo , Sánchez Esther , Rodríguez‐Évora María , Delgado Araceli , Évora Carmen 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBone regeneration and vascularization with porous PLGA scaffolds loaded with VEGF (0.35 and 1.75 μg) and BMP‐2 (3.5 and 17.5 μg), incorporated in PLGA microspheres, or the combination of either dose of BMP‐2 with the low dose of VEGF were investigated in an intramedullary femur defect in rabbits. The system was designed to control growth factor (GF) release and maintain the GFs localized within the defect. An incomplete release was observed in vitro whereas in vivo VEGF and BMP‐2 were totally delivered during 3 and 4 weeks, respectively. A weak synergistic effect of the dual delivery of VEGF and BMP‐2 (high dose) was found by 4 weeks. However, the absence of an apparent synergistic long‐term effect (12 weeks) of the combination over BMP‐2 alone suggests that more work has to be done to optimize VEGF dose, sequential presentation, and the ratio of the two GFs to obtain a beneficial bone repair response. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 100A: 2382–2391, 2012.
In vitro performance of 13‐93 bioactive glass fiber and trabecular scaffolds with MLO‐A5 osteogenic cells
Authors: Modglin Vernon C. , Brown Roger F. , Fu Qiang , Rahaman Mohamed N. , Jung Steven B. , Day Delbert E. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis in vitro study was performed to evaluate the ability of two types of porous bioactive glass scaffolds to support the growth and differentiation of an established osteogenic cell line. The two scaffold types tested included 13‐93 glass fiber and trabecular‐like scaffolds seeded with murine MLO‐A5 cells and cultured for intervals of 2 to 12 days. Culture in MTT‐containing medium showed metabolically active cells both on the surface and within the interior of the scaffolds. Scanning electron microscopy revealed well‐attached cells on both types of scaffolds with a continual increase in cell density over a 6‐day period. Protein measurements also showed a linear increase in cell density during the incubation. Activity of alkaline phosphatase, a key indicator of osteoblast differentiation, increased about 10‐fold during the 6‐day incubation with both scaffold types. The addition of mineralization media to MLO‐A5 seeded scaffolds triggered extensive formation of alizarin red‐positive mineralized extracellular material, additional evidence of cell differentiation and completion of the final step of bone formation on the constructs. Collectively, the results indicate that the 13‐93 glass fiber and trabecular scaffolds promote the attachment, growth, and differentiation of MLO‐A5 osteogenic cells and could potentially be used for bone tissue engineering applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A 100A: 2593–2601, 2012.
A needs assessment and instrument comparison for a therapeutic apheresis medicine service
Authors: Morrison‐McKell Travis J. , Wehrli Gay 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis article outlines a needs assessment process for developing or updating a therapeutic apheresis medicine (TAM) service. The TAM service brings together administrative, medical, laboratory, and pharmacy services. As these services jointly respond to needs assessment questions, the TAM service evolves. Discussions identifying patient populations impact the types of procedures to be offered and subsequent instrument choices. This article will also review and compare current TAM devices using centrifugation‐based or column‐based methods for treatments. The TAM service is unique in regard to both the multiservice involvement and spectrum of patients served. J. Clin. Apheresis 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coordinate lentiviral expression of Cre recombinase and RFP/EGFP mediated by FMDV 2A and analysis of Cre activity
Authors: Liu Kuancan , Wang Heng , Long Ying , Ye Jun , Yuan Li 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe site‐specific recombination mediated by Cre recombinase has been utilized extensively in genetic engineering and gene function studies. Efficient delivery of a Cre enzyme with enzymatic activity and the ability to monitor the enzyme expression are required in applications, and lentiviral constructs with a fluorescent protein (FP) to report the Cre expression are suitable for most studies. However, the current lentiviral vector systems have some deficiencies in precise reporting the Cre expression through fluorescence. To solve the problem, we generated a lentiviral system with Cre and RFP or EGFP bridged by an FMDV 2A sequence in an open reading frame expressed by a CMV promoter. We then examined the capabilities of the constructs to package with VSVG into infectious virus and to mediate expression of the Cre enzyme and fluorescent reporter. Furthermore, we monitored the bioactivities of the expressed products. We demonstrated the coordinate expression of the enzyme and the reporter. The expressed Cre was efficient at removing LoxP‐flanked fragments in cells and did not show obvious cellular toxicity, and the expressed FPs allowed direct observation under fluorescent microscope. Therefore, the conjugation of CMV‐Cre‐2A‐FP represents a significant improvement to the current lentiviral Cre delivery systems for obtaining a required Cre activity while accurately monitoring its presence. Our study also provides information concerning application of the established vector system. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 2909–2919, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pax6 expression during retinogenesis in sharks: comparison with markers of cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation
Authors: Ferreiro‐Galve Susana , Rodríguez‐Moldes Isabel , Candal Eva 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPax6 is a highly conserved transcription factor that appears involved in the entire process of retinogenesis, including maintenance of proliferation of retinal progenitors and differentiation of particular neuron fates. To gain insight into the retinogenesis in fish, we study the dynamics of Pax6 expression in the developing and mature retina of two sharks that inhabit in particular environments, and compare it with the dynamics of a marker of cell proliferation (proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PCNA) and markers of neuronal differentiation, such as glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), calretinin (CR), tyrosine‐hydroxylase, and serotonin (5‐HT). Our results reveal that Pax6 is expressed in PCNA‐immunoreactive cells within the nonlayered retina, suggesting a role for Pax6 in proliferating progenitors. Pax6 expression decays as development proceeds and eventually remains in some postmitotic cells, which points to additional roles of Pax6 following neurogenesis. Double immunofluorescence reveals Pax6/CR colocalization in the ganglion cell layer, Pax6/5‐HT in the inner part of the inner nuclear layer (INLi), and Pax6/GAD in the INLi and horizontal cell layer. Our results suggest that Pax6 may contribute to neuron diversification in the neural retina. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 318:91–108, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Extracellular Ca2+ influx is crucial for the early embryonic development of the sea urchin Echinometra lucunter
Authors: de Araújo Leite Jocelmo Cássio , Marques‐Santos Luis Fernando 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe involvement of Ca2+ in the activation of eggs and in the first steps of the embryonic development of several species is a well‐known phenomenon. An association between Ca2+ sources with the fate of the blastopore during embryonic development has been investigated by several authors. Ca2+ influx mediated by voltage‐gated channels and Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular stores are the major sources of Ca2+ to egg activation and succeeding cell divisions. Studies on sea urchins embryonic development show that intracellular Ca2+ stores are responsible for egg activation and early embryogenesis. In the present work we investigated the involvement of extracellular Ca2+ in the first stages of the embryonic development of the sea urchin Echinometra lucunter. Divalent cation chelators EDTA and EGTA strongly blocked the early embryonic development. Adding to this, we demonstrated the involvement of voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels in E. lucunter embryogenesis since Ca2+ channel blockers powerfully inhibited the early embryonic development. Our data also revealed that Ca2+ influx is crucial for embryonic development during only the first 40 min postfertilization. However, intracellular Ca2+ remains mandatory to embryonic development 40 min postfertilization, seen that both the intracellular Ca2+ chelator BAPTA‐AM and calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine and chlorpromazine inhibited the first stages of development when added to embryos culture 50 min postfertilization. Our work highlights the crucial role of extracellular Ca2+ influx through voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels for the early embryonic development of the sea urchin E. lucunter and characterizes an exception in the phylum Echinodermata. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 318:123–133, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.