bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An extragradient iterative scheme by viscosity approximation methods for fixed point problems and variational inequality problems
Authors: Petruşel Adrian , Yao Jen-Chih 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a new iterative process for finding the common element of the set of fixed points of a nonexpansive mapping and the set of solutions of the variational inequality problem for an α-inverse-strongly-monotone, by combining an modified extragradient scheme with the viscosity approximation method. We prove a strong convergence theorem for the sequences generated by this new iterative process.
Erratum to “Curvature of hyperkähler quotients”
Authors: Bielawski Roger 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
The original version of the article was published in Central European Journal of Mathematics, 2008, 6(2), 191–203, DOI: 10.2478/s11533-008-0026-8. Unfortunately, the original version of this article contains a mistake, which we correct here.
Groups with small deviation for non-subnormal subgroups
Authors: Kurdachenko Leonid , Smith Howard 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
We introduce the notion of the non-subnormal deviation of a group G. If the deviation is 0 then G satisfies the minimal condition for nonsubnormal subgroups, while if the deviation is at most 1 then G satisfies the so-called weak minimal condition for such subgroups (though the converse does not hold). Here we present some results on groups G that are either soluble or locally nilpotent and that have deviation at most 1. For example, a torsion-free locally nilpotent with deviation at most 1 is nilpotent, while a Baer group with deviation at most 1 has all of its subgroups subnormal.
Optimal time and space regularity for solutions of degenerate differential equations
Authors: Favaron Alberto 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
We derive optimal regularity, in both time and space, for solutions of the Cauchy problem related to a degenerate differential equation in a Banach space X. Our results exhibit a sort of prevalence for space regularity, in the sense that the higher is the order of regularity with respect to space, the lower is the corresponding order of regularity with respect to time.
On‐Wafer Crystallization of Ultralow‐κ Pure Silica Zeolite Films
Authors: Liu Yan , Lew Christopher M. , Sun Minwei , Cai Rui , Wang Junlan , Kloster Grant , Boyanov Boyan , Yan Yushan 
Published: May 2009

AbstractHöhere Ziele: Ein waferbasierter Kristallisationsprozess zur Herstellung von MEL‐Filmen aus Silica‐Zeolith stellt eine Verbesserung gegenüber den üblichen Hydrothermalverfahren dar. Die streifenfreien MEL‐Filme (rechts) sind durch Schleuderbeschichtung erhaltenen Filmen (links) hinsichtlich κ‐Wert, mechanischen Eigenschaften, Rauigkeit, Mesoporengröße und Größenverteilung überlegen.magnified image
Synthesis of Diphenylalanine/Polyaniline Core/Shell Conducting Nanowires by Peptide Self‐Assembly
Authors: Ryu Jungki , Park Chan Beum 
Published: May 2009

AbstractLeicht entkernbar: Selbstorganisierte Peptidnanodrähte fungieren als Templat für die Synthese hohler Polyanilin(PANI)‐Nanoröhren (siehe Rasterelektronenmikroskopie‐Aufnahmen). Die Dicke und Morphologie der PANI‐Nanostrukturen lassen sich leicht durch Variation der Reaktionszeit oder durch Aufbringen mehrerer PANI‐Schichten steuern.magnified image
Isolation and Hydrogenation of a Complex with a Terminal Iridium–Nitrido Bond
Authors: Schöffel Julia , Rogachev Andrey Yu. , DeBeer George Serena , Burger Peter 
Published: May 2009

AbstractNur ein N am Ir: Ein Komplex eines späten Übergangsmetalls mit einem terminalen Nitridoliganden wurde synthetisiert und röntgenstrukturanalytisch charakterisiert. Die Hydrierung dieser Verbindung zum Amidokomplex wird beschrieben (siehe Schema).magnified image
Synthesis of Diphenylalanine/Polyaniline Core/Shell Conducting Nanowires by Peptide Self‐Assembly
Authors: Ryu Jungki , Park Chan Beum 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBreaking the mold: Self‐assembled peptide nanowires were used as a template for the synthesis of hollow polyaniline (PANI) nanotubes (see scanning electron microscopy images). The thickness and the morphology of the PANI nanostructures could be controlled readily either by varying the reaction time or by applying multiple PANI coatings.magnified image
Regulatory hurdles for transgenic biofuel crops
Authors: Lee David , Nair Ramesh , Chen Alice 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPolicy‐makers have described the many potential benefits that biofuels can provide, but there are numerous challenges in realizing this potential. The technical hurdles to producing biofuels economically and on a scale to replace a significant fraction of petroleum‐based transportation fuels have been well described, along with the potential environmental concerns. The use of biotechnology can potentially address many of these technical challenges and environmental concerns, but brings significant regulatory obstacles that have not been discussed extensively in the scientific community. This review will give an overview of some of the approaches being developed to produce transgenic biofuel feedstocks, particularly cellulosic ethanol, and the regulatory process in the United States that oversees the introduction of new transgenic plants. We hope to illustrate that the level of regulation for transgenic organisms is not proportional to their potential risk to human health or to the environment, and that while revisions to the regulatory system in the USA are currently under consideration, further modifications are necessary to reflect the risk level of transgenic crops and realize their benefits. © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Multiple Pathways for the Irreversible Inhibition of Steroid Sulfatase with Quinone Methide‐Generating Suicide Inhibitors
Authors: Ahmed Vanessa , Liu Yong , Taylor Scott D. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractUnexpected inhibition: 2‐ and 4‐mono‐ and difluoromethyl estrone sulfate derivatives are suicide inhibitors of steroid sulfatase (STS). Kinetic studies suggest that inhibition by the monofluoro derivatives is a result of a quinone methide intermediate that reacts with active‐site nucleophiles, whereas the main inhibition pathway of the 4‐difluoromethyl derivative is a result of decomposition of the initial quinone methide to an aldehyde that acts as potent, almost irreversible inhibitor.magnified image
Facile Optimal Synthesis of Inherently Electroconductive Polythiophene Nanoparticles
Authors: Li Xin‐Gui , Li Ji , Huang Mei‐Rong 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe straight dope: Polythiophene (PTh) nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution were successfully synthesized by a chemical oxidative polymerization (see image). The highest conductivity of virgin PTh is 3.1×10−4 S cm−1 and can be dramatically enhanced to 50 S cm−1 by doping in iodine vapor.magnified imagePolythiophene (PTh) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a simple chemical oxidative polymerization in the presence of a very small amount of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The polymerization yield, particle size, bulk electrical conductivity, and solubility of the PTh nanoparticles have been optimized by adjusting the CTAB/FeCl3 oxidant/thiophene monomer ratio, thiophene concentration, polymerization temperature, and reaction time. The structure of the PTh nanoparticles was systematically characterized by IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, laser particle‐size analysis, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that the number‐average diameter (Dn) and size polydispersity index (PDI) of the particles decrease significantly from 4.19 μm and 1.21 to 203 nm and 1.056, respectively, with a slightly increasing CTAB concentration. SEM and TEM reveal that the PTh particle size is reduced to 67 and 36 nm, respectively. The conductivity increases on raising the FeCl3/thiophene ratio or on lowering the CTAB concentration and polymerization temperature. A moderate monomer concentration and polymerization time are very beneficial for achieving highly conducting PTh. The highest conductivity of virgin PTh is 3.1×10−4 S cm−1 and can be further elevated to 50 S cm−1 by doping in iodine vapor. Under optimized polymerization conditions, the significant variation of the conductivity of the PTh particles in virgin and doped states was well confirmed by the intensity and wavelength of the UV/Vis spectral band owing to the large π conjugation. The PTh particles demonstrate uncommon characteristics including easy synthesis, low cost of production, large π‐conjugated structure, high conductivity, solution processability, and extensive potential for further application.
Chiral (2,5)Pyrido[74]allenoacetylenic Cyclophanes: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Alonso‐Gómez José Lorenzo , Navarro‐Vázquez Armando , Cid M. Magdalena 
Published: May 2009

AbstractChiral pyridoallenophanes! The synthesis and characterization of chiral acetylenic pyridoallenophanes along with 2,4‐ and 2,5‐pyridyl[Re(CO)4LBr] complexes are reported. The relative configurations of the four stereoisomers have been unambiguously assigned. Chromatographic resolution of the racemate of the C4 stereoisomer was accomplished and mirror‐image CD spectra have been obtained (see figure).magnified imageChiral macrocycles bearing four 2,5‐substituted pyridine units have been prepared regioselectively. The four possible diastereoisomers (twist, chair, crown, and boat) were obtained in the reaction and separated by preparative HPLC. The isomers were fully characterized through their chirality and also their symmetry properties, taking into account the number of nonequivalent cumulenic carbon atoms in the 13C NMR spectra. The reaction of the isolated twist cyclophane with [Re(CO)5Br] led to an uncommon tetracarbonyl rhenium complex [Re(CO)4L]. The arrangement of the ligands around the metal core was studied through the 2,4‐ and 2,5‐bis(ethynylallenylethynylpyridyl) model compounds by analysis of their NMR, IR, and UV/Vis spectra.
The role of offender experience and crimes in shaping accounts
Authors: de Gregorio Eugenio 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe paper summarises the main findings obtained in a wide study on the construction of deviant actions' narratives. In this paper, we focused on two topics: both topics are crucial to suggest new directions in investigative psychology. Narratives provide investigative psychologists with new sets of tools to define criminal profiles, such as narrative profiling. This paper deals with a qualitative investigation undertaken by collecting narrative interviews. These interviews were conducted with 34 prisoners held in two penal institutes in Rome and their goal was to reveal the typical form of constructing accounts taken in a non‐investigative context. The specific aim of the project was to show whether differences exist in the narrative accounts provided by perpetrators of crime considering two factors: the type of crime committed and the experience in the deviance arena, which are hypothesised to shape narrations. Interviews were analysed with particular reference to the ‘Evaluation model’ by W. Labov. Participants were divided into three groups on the basis of the type of experience in the deviant field (professionals, intermediates and amateurs) and into four groups according to the crime committed (homicide, robbery and theft, and crimes linked to drugs and fencing). The results show the significant existence of clear differences in the reconstruction of the crime committed compared to the experience of the protagonist. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two‐step radiosynthesis of [18F]N‐succinimidyl‐4‐fluorobenzoate ([18F]SFB)
Authors: Glaser Matthias , Årstad Erik , Luthra Sajinder K. , Robins Edward G. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe acylation reagent [18F]N‐succinimidyl‐4‐fluorobenzoate (18F‐SFB) has been prepared using a new two‐step approach. The starting material p‐[18F]fluorobenzaldehyde (18F‐FBA) was obtained by an improved radiosynthesis with a decay‐corrected radiochemical yield of 66±6 % (n=3). Reaction of 18F‐FBA with (diacetoxyiodine)benzene and N‐hydroxysuccinimide and preparative HPLC purification furnished 18F‐SFB in an r.c.y. of 49±6 % (n=3), based on the starting radioactivity of 18F‐FBA. The radiochemical purity of 18F‐SFB was >99%. Alternatively, purification by solid phase extraction gave 18F‐SFB with an r.c.y. of 77±9% (n=4) and a radiochemical purity of 89±5% (n=4). This radiochemical synthesis only used non‐aqueous solvents, which simplifies the method and facilitates subsequent applications of 18F‐SFB. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cure characterization of the ring‐opening metathesis polymerization of linseed oil‐based thermosetting resins
Authors: Haman Karen , Badrinarayanan Prashanth , Kessler Michael R 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Bio‐based polymers from vegetable oils are excellent alternatives to petroleum‐based resins for both environmental and economic reasons. A detailed understanding of the cure behavior of bio‐based polymers is essential to optimize cure schedules and the final properties of the polymers. In this work, the cure of newly developed linseed oil‐based thermosetting resins, synthesized using Grubbs' first‐generation catalyst and a bis‐norbornadiene cross‐linking agent by ring‐opening metathesis polymerization, is characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and parallel plate oscillatory rheometry.RESULTS: Experimental results reveal that the rate of cure increases and the gel time decreases with increasing cross‐linker loading; however, the activation energy of the cure does not vary systematically with cross‐linker loading. Phenomenological reaction models are used to describe the dynamic DSC measurements and to determine the kinetic parameters which facilitate cure predictions under isothermal conditions.CONCLUSION: This work demonstrates that the cure kinetics of a linseed oil‐based thermosetting resin can be controlled by varying the cross‐linker loading. Furthermore, the kinetic parameters and cure rates at any cross‐linker loading for this system can be described by a simple autocatalytic reaction model which facilitates development of cure schedules. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
1‐methyl malate from Berberis integerrima fruits enhances the antibacterial activity of ampicillin against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Alimirzaee P. , Gohari A. R. , Hajiaghaee R. , Mirzaee S. , Jamalifar H. , Monsef‐Esfahani H. R. , Amin Gh. , Saeidnia S. , Shahverdi A. R. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe enhancement of the antibacterial activity of ampicillin by different extracts of Berberis integerrima fruits was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus. Disk diffusion and agar dilution methods were used to determine the antibacterial activity of ampicillin in the absence and presence of different plant extracts or various fractions eluted by column chromatography. A clinical isolate of S. aureus was used as a test strain. The active component of B. integerrima fruits involved in the enhancement of ampicillin activity was purified and identified as 1‐methyl malate using different spectroscopic methods. Both the ethanol extract of B. integerrima fruits and 1‐methyl malate enhanced the antibacterial activity of ampicillin. The total extract as well as 1‐methyl malate increased the antibacterial activity of ampicillin against the test strain. The potency of ampicillin against the test strain was increased 64‐fold when tested with a sub‐toxic concentration of total extract of B. integerrima fruits. Also, 1‐methyl malate increased the bactericidal activity of ampicillin. In the presence of 2 mg/mL of 1‐methyl malate the MIC of ampicillin for S. aureus decreased from 128 to 1 µg/mL (128‐fold). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental study of the bone marrow protective effect of a traditional Chinese compound preparation
Authors: Chen Yongfeng , Zhu Bide , Zhang Li , Yan Suchun , Li Jing 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of Wei Gan Li on bone marrow haemopoiesis in myelosuppressed anaemic mice induced by 60Coγ, cyclophosphamide and chloramphenicol. After treatment with Wei Gan Li, colony forming units of granulocyte macrophages, erythroid cells, burst forming unit‐erythroid cells, megakaryocytes and the proliferation of bone marrow stromal cells were measured by in vitro cell culture techniques. Bone marrow haemopoietic stem cells were measured by flow cytometry. The peripheral blood cell count was found to have significantly recovered after Wei Gan Li administration and the proliferation of bone marrow haemopoietic stem/progenitor cells and BMSC were also significantly increased. Wei Gan Li was therefore found to promote the recovery of bone marrow haemopoietic function in myelosuppressed anaemic mice. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New results of stability analysis for systems with time‐varying delay
Authors: Zhu Xun‐Lin , Yang Guang‐Hong 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis paper studies the problem of stability analysis for continuous‐time systems with time‐varying delay. By developing a delay decomposition approach, the information of the delayed plant states can be taken into full consideration, and new delay‐dependent sufficient stability criteria are obtained in terms of linear matrix inequalities. The merits of the proposed results lie in their less conservatism, which are realized by choosing different Lyapunov matrices in the decomposed integral intervals and estimating the upper bound of some cross term more exactly. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness and less conservatism of the proposed method. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Semi‐global finite‐time observers for multi‐output nonlinear systems
Authors: Shen Yanjun , Shen Weimin , Jiang Minhui , Huang Yuehua 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFinite‐time stability is investigated for nonlinear systems, which satisfy uniqueness of solution. First, a new sufficient condition for local finite‐time stability is presented. Next, by using the high‐gain observers and carefully selecting the homogeneity powers and weights, the problem of semi‐global and finite‐time stable observers is studied for multi‐output nonlinear systems with uniform observability and a triangular structure. Then, a design procedure is worked out for such observers. Finally, two numerical examples further verify the validity of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of Nonepithelial Multipotent Cells in the Embryonic Olfactory Mucosa
Authors: Tomé Mercedes , Lindsay Susan L. , Riddell John S. , Barnett Susan C. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Olfactory mucosal (OM) tissue, a potential source of stem cells, is currently being assessed in the clinic as a candidate tissue for transplant-mediated repair of spinal cord injury. We examined the ability of embryonic rat OM tissue to generate stem cells using culture conditions known to promote neural stem cell proliferation. Primary spheres formed that proliferated and exhibited two main morphologies: (a) CNS neurosphere-like (OM-I) and (b) small, tight spheroid-like (OM-II). The OM-I spheres expressed the neural stem cell marker nestin but also markers of peripheral glia, neurons, and connective tissue. Further studies demonstrated the presence of multipotential mesenchymal-like stem cells within OM-I spheres that differentiated into bone, adipose, and smooth muscle cells. In contrast, the OM-II spheres contained mainly cytokeratin-expressing cells. Immunolabeling of rat olfactory tissue with Stro-1, CD90, and CD105 showed the presence of multipotent mesenchymal cells in the lamina propria, whereas cytokeratin was expressed by the epithelial cells of the olfactory epithelium. In addition, a comparable pattern of immunoreactivity was detected in human tissue using Stro-1 and cytokeratin, suggesting the presence of similar cells in this tissue. The identification of a nonepithelial multipotent cell in the OM may explain the varied reports on olfactory stem cell differentiation capacity in vitro and in vivo and illustrates the cellular complexity of this tissue as a potential source of stem cells for transplantation and translation to the clinic.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
CARM1 is Required in Embryonic Stem Cells to Maintain Pluripotency and Resist Differentiation
Authors: Wu Qiang , Bruce Alexander W. , Jedrusik Agnieszka , Ellis Peter D. , Andrews Robert M. , Langford Cordelia F. , Glover David M. , Zernicka-Goetz Magdalena 
Published: May 2009

AbstractHistone H3 methylation at R17 and R26 recently emerged as a novel epigenetic mechanism regulating pluripotency in mouse embryos. Blastomeres of four-cell embryos with high H3 methylation at these sites show unrestricted potential, whereas those with lower levels cannot support development when aggregated in chimeras of like cells. Increasing histone H3 methylation, through expression of coactivator-associated-protein-arginine-methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) in embryos, elevates expression of key pluripotency genes and directs cells to the pluripotent inner cell mass. We demonstrate CARM1 is also required for the self-renewal and pluripotency of embryonic stem (ES) cells. In ES cells, CARM1 depletion downregulates pluripotency genes leading to their differentiation. CARM1 associates with Oct4/Pou5f1 and Sox2 promoters that display detectable levels of R17/26 histone H3 methylation. In CARM1 overexpressing ES cells, histone H3 arginine methylation is also at the Nanog promoter to which CARM1 now associates. Such cells express Nanog at elevated levels and delay their response to differentiation signals. Thus, like in four-cell embryo blastomeres, histone H3 arginine methylation by CARM1 in ES cells allows epigenetic modulation of pluripotency.Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Cognitive, behavioural and adaptive profiles of children with glutaric aciduria type I detected through newborn screening
Authors: Beauchamp M. H. , Boneh A. , Anderson V. 
Published: May 2009

SummaryBackground: Glutaric aciduria type I (GA I) is an autosomal recessive disorder of lysine and tryptophan metabolism due to a deficiency in glutaryl‐CoA dehydrogenase activity. Recent reports suggest that early diagnosis through newborn screening and initiation of preventive therapy result in improved functional outcome; however, detailed neuropsychological profiles of children with GA I are seldom reported and thus the impact of the disease on cognition, motor abilities and behaviour remains uncertain. Method: We present detailed neuropsychological profiles of three children who were diagnosed with GA I through newborn screening and treated from early age, and one asymptomatic patient diagnosed through cascade screening. A comprehensive battery of standardized tests was administered including measures of intellectual function, attention/memory, executive function, motor skills, speech/language, as well as behavioural and adaptive skills. Results: The results reveal overall average cognitive outcomes; however, subtle, but significant, fine motor and articulation deficits were observed. The results are discussed with regard to potential links between fine motor deficits and speech impairments in children with GA I. Such difficulties can impact on the child's ability to engage in academic, leisure and daily activities. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of in‐depth assessments of all aspects of neuropsychological function in patients with GA I and provide a basis for future neuropsychological assessment in similar groups of children. In spite of relatively preserved overall functioning, using a broad range of sensitive cognitive and motor measures facilitates the detection of subtle deficits, and allows for planning of early and adequate therapeutic interventions.