bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unusual coelom formation in the direct‐type developing sand dollar Peronella japonica
Authors: Tsuchimoto Jun , Yamada Toshihiro , Yamaguchi Masaaki 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPeronella japonica is a sand dollar with a zygote that develops into an abbreviated pluteus but then metamorphoses on day three. The adult rudiment formation is unique; it uses a median position of the hydrocoel and a stomodeum‐like invagination of vestibule that covers the dorsal side of the hydrocoel. However, the developmental processes underlying coelom formation remain unclear. In this study, we examined this process by reconstructing three‐dimensional images from serial sections of larvae. We show that the left coelom developed by both schizocoely and enterocoely from the archenteron tip, whereas the hydrocoel and right coelom formed by enterocoely from the archenteron. This coelom formation arranged the coelomic compartments directly along the adult oral‐aboral axis by skipping the initial bilateral phases. Furthermore, our data indicate P. japonica retains ancestral asymmetry along the left‐right axis in the location of the adult rudiment. Developmental Dynamics 240:2432–2439, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Do mycorrhizal network benefits to survival and growth of interior Douglas‐fir seedlings increase with soil moisture stress?
Authors: Bingham Marcus A. , Simard Suzanne W. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractFacilitation of tree establishment by ectomycorrhizal (EM) networks (MNs) may become increasingly important as drought stress increases with climate change in some forested regions of North America. The objective of this study was to determine (1) whether temperature, CO2 concentration ([CO2]), soil moisture, and MNs interact to affect plant establishment success, such that MNs facilitate establishment when plants are the most water stressed, and (2) whether transfer of C and water between plants through MNs plays a role in this. We established interior Douglas‐fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) seedlings in root boxes with and without the potential to form MNs with nearby conspecific seedlings that had consistent access to water via their taproots. We varied temperature, [CO2], and soil moisture in growth chambers. Douglas‐fir seedling survival increased when the potential existed to form an MN. Growth increased with MN potential under the driest soil conditions, but decreased with temperature at 800 ppm [CO2]. Transfer of 13C to receiver seedlings was unaffected by potential to form an MN with donor seedlings, but deuterated water (D2O) transfer increased with MN potential under ambient [CO2]. Chlorophyll fluorescence was reduced when seedlings had the potential to form an MN under high [CO2] and cool temperatures. We conclude that Douglas‐fir seedling establishment in laboratory conditions is facilitated by MN potential where Douglas‐fir seedlings have consistent access to water. Moreover, this facilitation appears to increase as water stress potential increases and water transfer via networks may play a role in this. These results suggest that conservation of MN potential may be important to forest regeneration where drought stress increases with climate change.
The role of vegetation in mitigating the effects of landscape clearing upon dryland stream response trajectory and restoration potential
Authors: Stromsoe Nicola , Callow John Nikolaus 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTDryland rivers are recognized for limited research and high uncertainties with respect to understanding biogeomorphic processes. This study uses aerial photography, sediment analysis, palynology indicators and hydraulic modelling to investigate the role of riparian vegetation in influencing the response of systems to disturbance, the trajectory of channel evolution and the potential for management. The study focuses on cleared and uncleared sites in the Yerritup catchment, along the south coast of Western Australia, that occur along a transect with a consistent stream gradient and landscape topographic setting.Downstream reaches show no gross botanical change, but gradual sediment deposition across the floodplain of up to 40 cm based on palynological and sedimentary indicators. Channel response in the cleared section by incision, widening and floodplain degradation began rapidly after land clearing, but is driven by large flood events. Degradation of riparian vegetation has significantly increased the sensitivity of the system. The cleared reaches have transformed from a low‐capacity channel, under‐adjusted to the prevailing flow regime, to the large present channel that is now over‐adjusted to the predominantly low to moderate seasonal (occasional flood) flow regime. Modelling of pre‐settlement erosive potential reveals that the entire system was naturally sensitive to change, and was primed to erode once riparian vegetation was removed.The trajectory of channel evolution and the role of riparian vegetation is examined in relation to undisturbed reaches in the system and an appreciation of the historical range of variability in geomorphic response. Analysis of the patterns of contemporary vegetation growth identify the potential to re‐establish vegetation where it is elevated from saline baseflow. However, the system is assessed as being close to a threshold where restoration is no longer possible and remediation options become more limited as eco‐hydraulic and hydrochemical changes continue. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hierarchical titanium surface textures affect osteoblastic functions
Authors: Zhao Changli , Cao Peng , Ji Weiping , Han Pei , Zhang Jihong , Zhang Fan , Jiang Yao , Zhang Xiaonong 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis study investigated the surface characteristics and in vitro cytocompatibility of hierarchical textured titanium surfaces with nanograins and microroughness, produced by surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT). The surface characteristics were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, contact angle, and surface energy measurements. The in vitro cytocompatibility of the SMAT processed surfaces (hereafter Ti‐SMAT surfaces) were assessed in terms of cellular attachment, morphology, viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mRNA gene expression. Two other titanium surfaces were compared: well‐polished Ti6Al4V surfaces (hereafter Ti‐polish surfaces) and thermally sprayed rough surfaces (hereafter Ti‐spray surfaces). The Ti‐SMAT surfaces showed a higher hydrophilicity and increased surface energy compared with the Ti‐polish and Ti‐spray surfaces. Consequently, these Ti‐SMAT surfaces demonstrated enhancement of cell attachment, spreading, viability, and ALP activity. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis showed significantly higher ALP activity and stronger expression of mRNA levels of key osteoblast genes in cells grown on the Ti‐SMAT surfaces than the other two surfaces. These results reveal a synergic role played by nanostructure and microtopography in osteoblastic functions and demonstrate the more promising cytocompatibility of the hierarchical textured surfaces. It is suggested that the SMAT process may provide a novel method of surface modification to the currently available metallic biomaterials. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011.
Modeling P(3HB) production by Bacillus megaterium
Authors: Faccin Débora Jung Luvizetto , Corrêa Mariana Pacheco , Rech Rosane , Ayub Marco Antônio Záchia , Secchi Argimiro Resende , Cardozo Nilo Sérgio Medeiros 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate)—P(3HB)—is a polyester synthesized by many bacteria and stored as an energy reserve material in the cell cytoplasm as water‐insoluble inclusions. The aim of this research was to present a mathematical modeling approach in order to describe the culture kinetics of the bacterium Bacillus megaterium for the production of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate).RESULTS: Four different models were proposed, differing in the expressions used for specific growth and polymer production rates. The predictions of these models were compared with experimental data and against the results of other models reported in the literature.CONCLUSION: Analysis of the experimental data under controlled and uncontrolled pH conditions showed that the inclusion of a correction factor for products formation, as well as a term related to the influence of H+ cations, are important for the correct modeling of this bioprocess. Compared with earlier models reported in the literature the proposed models show better fitting, with less or equal numbers of parameters, and provide parameter estimates with much lower variability. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Veratric acid treatment by anodic oxidation with BDD anode
Authors: Elaoud Sourour Chaâbane , Panizza Marco , Cerisola Giacomo , Mhiri Tahar 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Veratric acid (VA, 3,4‐dimethoxy‐benzoic acid) is representative of the polyphenolic type compounds present in olive mill wastewater (OMW). Given the bactericide factor, the inhibitor character and the anti bacteriological activity of this compound, traditional biological digestion cannot be applied and therefore new technologies, such as electrochemical oxidation using a boron‐doped diamond (BDD) anode have to be considered to avoid its accumulation in the environment.RESULTS: The electrochemical oxidation of aqueous solutions containing 1 mmol L−1 VA has been investigated using a filter‐press reactor with a BDD anode during galvanostatic electrolysis. The influence of several operating parameters, such as applied current density, temperature, flow‐rate and supporting electrolyte concentration and type has been investigated. The experimental results showed that under the experimental conditions used the oxidation of VA was under mass‐transfer control and VA was completely degraded by the reaction with hydroxyl radicals electrogenerated at the BDD surface. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) decay kinetic followed a pseudo‐first‐order reaction and the apparent rate constant increased with flow rate and temperature. Under optimal experimental conditions of flow‐rate (300 L h−1), temperature (35 °C) and current density (10 mA cm−2), 99.5% of COD was removed during 2 h electrolysis, with 16.4 kWh m−3 energy consumption.CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that anodic oxidation with a BDD electrode is an excellent method for the treatment of effluents contaminated with VA and related polyphenols. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Selective recovery of gold by simultaneous adsorption–reduction using microalgal residues generated from biofuel conversion processes
Authors: Khunathai Kanjana , Xiong Ying , Biswas Biplob Kumar , Adhikari Birenda Babu , Kawakita Hidetaka , Ohto Keisuke , Inoue Katsutoshi , Kato Hisaya , Kurata Minoru , Atsumi Kinya 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: This research provides a new approach to the effective use of microalgal biomass waste generated by biofuel conversion processes. In this study, a novel adsorbent for Au(III) recovery was prepared by treating microalgal residues with concentrated sulfuric acid.RESULTS: The prepared adsorbent, crosslinked microalgae, exhibited high affinity and selectivity for Au(III) over other precious and base metal ions in a hydrochloric acid medium. From the adsorption isotherms, the maximum adsorption capacity of the crosslinked microalgae for Au(III) was estimated to be 3.25 mol kg−1 (640 g kg−1), which was about eight times higher than the adsorption capacity of the microalgal residue. Microphotographs, scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction confirmed the formation of metallic Au, suggesting that a redox reaction had taken place between the adsorbent and Au(III) ions during adsorption. Comparison of Fourier‐transform infrared spectra before and after adsorption indicated that hydroxyl groups as well as ether oxygen atoms in the crosslinked microalgae participated in the Au(III) uptake mechanism. It also suggested that the reduction of Au(III) to Au(0) was facilitated by hydroxyl groups in the crosslinked microalgae.CONCLUSION: The results presented in this paper are very promising for the practical use of microalgal residues for the recovery of Au(III) because of good selectivity and favorable adsorption capacity for Au(III). Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Combined in vivo multiphoton and CARS imaging of healthy and disease‐affected human skin
Authors: Breunig Hans Georg , Bückle Rainer , Kellner‐Höfer Marcel , Weinigel Martin , Lademann Jürgen , Sterry Wolfram , König Karsten 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe present combined epi‐coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and multiphoton imaging with both chemical discrimination and subcellular resolution on human skin invivo. The combination of both image modalities enables label‐free imaging of the autofluorescence of endogenous fluorophores by two‐photon excited fluorescence, as well as imaging of the distribution of intercellular lipids, topically applied substances and water by CARS. As an example for medical imaging, we investigated healthy and psoriasis‐affected human skin with both image modalities in vivo and found indications for different lipid distributions on the cellular level. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of cranio‐spinal canal compliance distribution by MRI: Methodology and early application in idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Tain Rong‐Wen , Bagci Ahmet M. , Lam Byron L. , Sklar Evelyn M. , Ertl‐Wagner Birgit , Alperin Noam 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPurpose:To develop a method for derivation of the cranial‐spinal compliance distribution, assess its reliability, and apply to obese female patients with a diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).Materials and Methods:Phase contrast‐based measurements of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flows to, from, and between the cranial and spinal canal compartments were used with lumped‐parameter modeling to estimate systolic volume and pressure changes from which cranial and spinal compliance indices are obtained. The proposed MRI indices are analogous to pressure volume indices (PVI) currently being measured invasively with infusion‐based techniques. The consistency of the proposed method was assessed using MRI data from seven aged healthy subjects. Measurement reproducibility was assessed using five repeated MR scans from one subject. The method was then applied to compare spinal canal compliance contribution in seven IIH patients and six matched healthy controls.Results:In the healthy subjects, as expected, spinal canal contribution was consistently larger than the cranial contribution (average value of 69%). Measurement variability was 8%. In IIH, the spinal canal contribution is significantly smaller than normal controls (60 versus 78%, P < 0.03).Conclusion:An MRI‐based method for derivation of compliance indices analogous to PVI has been implemented and applied to healthy subjects. The application of the method to obese IIH patients suggests a spinal canal involvement in the pathophysiology of IIH. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The impact of germination on the characteristics of brown rice flour and starch
Authors: Xu Jie , Zhang Hui , Guo Xiaona , Qian Haifeng 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: In recent years, germinated brown rice as a functional food has received great attention with its improved sensory and nutritional properties. Particularly of interest are the high levels of γ‐amino butyric acid (GABA) which can be obtained during germination. However, more studies are needed to fully understand the effect of germination on the physicochemical properties of brown rice.RESULT: Germination altered the chemical composition of brown rice, resulting in an increase in reducing sugar and ash content, and a reduction in amylose. Solubility, paste viscosity, transition temperatures (To, Tp and Tc) and percentage of retrogradation (%Retrogradation) were decreased, while swelling power and turbidity were significantly increased. Scanning electron micrographs indicated that starch granules from germinated brown rice became smaller and less homogeneous. Moreover, germination shortened the chain length of amylopectin and amylose molecules.CONCLUSION: This investigation provides information on changes in the characteristics of rice flour and rice starch during germination, leading to a better understanding on the chemistry of brown rice germination. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Impact of Triticum mosaic virus infection on hard winter wheat milling and bread baking quality
Authors: Miller Rebecca A , Martin T Joe , Seifers Dallas L 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) is a newly discovered wheat virus. Information regarding the effect of wheat viruses on milling and baking quality is limited. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of TriMV infection on the kernel characteristics, milling yield and bread baking quality of wheat. Commercial hard winter varieties evaluated included RonL, Danby and Jagalene. The TriMV resistance of RonL is low, while that of Danby and Jagalene is unknown. KS96HW10‐3, a germplasm with high TriMV resistance, was included as a control. Plots of each variety were inoculated with TriMV at the two‐ to three‐leaf stage. Trials were conducted at two locations in two crop years.RESULTS: TriMV infection had no effect on the kernel characteristics, flour yield or baking properties of KS96HW10‐3. The effect of TriMV on the kernel characteristics of RonL, Danby and Jagalene was not consistent between crop years and presumably an environmental effect. The flour milling and bread baking properties of these three varieties were not significantly affected by TriMV infection.CONCLUSION: TriMV infection of wheat plants did not affect harvested wheat kernel characteristics, flour milling properties or white pan bread baking quality. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
New starch preparations resistant to enzymatic digestion
Authors: Jochym Kamila , Kapusniak Janusz , Barczynska Renata , Śliżewska Katarzyna 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: New starch preparations were produced by thermolysis of potato starch in the presence of inorganic (hydrochloric) and organic (citric and tartaric) acids under controlled conditions. The starch preparations were physicochemically and structurally characterised and analysed for their resistance to enzymatic digestion in vitro.RESULTS: The content of resistant fraction in dextrin D1, obtained by heating starch acidified with hydrochloric and citric acids, determined by the AOAC 2001.03 and pancreatin‐gravimetric methods was similar (∼200 g kg−1). In the case of dextrin D3, obtained by heating starch acidified with hydrochloric and tartaric acids, the result of determination by the pancreatin‐gravimetric method was almost four times higher than that obtained with the AOAC 2001.03 method. The enzymatic tests revealed that dextrin D3 obtained with excess tartaric acid can be classified as RS4, which can only be partially determined by enzymatic‐gravimetric methods. Tartaric acid at high concentration had a significantly stronger influence on starch hydrolysis than citric acid. This was confirmed by chromatographic analysis of dextrins and chemical investigation of the reducing power.CONCLUSION: The results confirmed the possibility of applying dextrins, prepared under specific conditions, as soluble dietary fibre. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Postactivation potentiation and muscular endurance training
Authors: Mettler Joni A. , Griffin Lisa 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIntroduction: The aim of this study was to investigate muscle twitch force potentiation after voluntary conditioning contractions (CC) of various intensities and the CC duration necessary to achieve maximal potentiation before and after muscular endurance training. Methods: Fourteen healthy men and women (23.6 ± 0.96 years of age) performed repeated CCs of 25%, 50%, and 100% maximal voluntary contraction of the adductor pollicis muscle until maximal potentiation. CCs were followed by electrically evoked twitches. The training group performed a fatigue task and endurance trained for 8 weeks. Results: Endurance time increased by 79.8 ± 22.5% posttraining. Potentiation occurred after all CC intensities and was greater after training. The CC duration needed to achieve maximal potentiation decreased as CC intensity increased. Potentiation was greater during the fatigue task after compared to before training and was correlated with endurance time. Conclusion: An increase in muscle force potentiation may function as a mechanism to prolong muscular endurance. Muscle Nerve, 2012
Intermuscular relationship of human muscle fiber type proportions: Slow leg muscles predict slow neck muscles
Authors: Vikne Harald , Gundersen Kristian , Liestøl Knut , Mælen Jan , Vøllestad Nina 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIntroduction: Our aim in this study was to examine whether the muscle fiber type proportions in different muscles from the same individual are interrelated. Methods: Samples were excised from five skeletal muscles in each of 12 human autopsy cases, and the fiber type proportions were determined by immunohistochemistry. We further examined the intermuscular relationship in fiber type proportion by reanalyzing three previously published data sets involving other muscles. Results: Subjects demonstrated a predominantly high or low proportion of type 1 fibers in all examined muscles, and the overall difference between individuals was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Accordingly, the type 1 fiber proportions in most muscles were positively correlated (median r = 0.42, range −0.03–0.80). Similar results were also obtained from the three reanalyzed data sets. Conclusions: We suggest the existence of an across‐muscle phenotype with respect to fiber type proportions; some individuals display generally faster muscles and some individuals slower muscles when compared with others. Muscle Nerve, 2012
Rheology/morphology relationship of plasticized and nonplasticized thermoplastic elastomers based on ethylene–propylene–diene–terpolymer and polypropylene
Authors: Shahbikian Shant , Carreau Pierre J. , Heuzey Marie‐Claude , Ellul Maria D. , Nadella Hari P. , Cheng John , Shirodkar Pradeep 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe rheology/morphology relationship of plasticized and nonplasticized ethylene–propylene–diene–terpolymer/polypropylene (EPDM/PP) TPOs was studied. The aim was to investigate the effect of a plasticizer on the morphology, specially on the co‐continuity interval of these blends. The addition of a plasticizer increased the interconnectivity of the elastomeric phase, resulting in a rapid percolation of the EPDM at a relatively low composition range as compared to the nonplasticized counterparts. However, the addition of the plasticizer did not change the onset of the co‐continuity interval in the low EPDM content side of the composition diagram. Moreover, due to plasticization, the percolation of the PP phase was delayed on the other side of the composition diagram. Large differences between the viscous and elastic properties of the constituent polymers were observed. Hence, a combination of low frequency measurements and a gel approach were crucial to characterize the co‐continuity interval using rheology. The phase inversion compositions were fairly well described by existing semi‐empirical viscosity ratio‐based models. Furthermore, a satisfactory prediction was obtained for the viscoelastic properties of the nonplasticized TPOs using a micro‐mechanical model. However, this model failed in the case of the plasticized TPOs, due to the probable presence of a plasticized interphase. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. ©2011 Society of Plastics Engineers