bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Size, structure and change implementation
Authors: Ford Matthew W. 
Published: March 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate competing views of whether organization size creates conditions of rigidity or fluidity with respect to adaptation and change, this study empirically compares processes used to implement planned change and their associated outcomes in small and large organizations.Design/methodology/approachUsing Lewin's three‐phase model of change as an evaluative framework, questionnaire‐based data were obtained from change managers in small and large organizations. Analysis of variance and profile analysis were used to investigate size‐related differences in unfreezing, movement and refreezing phases of change, and in implementation success.FindingsResults indicated that small organizations employed significantly lower levels of refreezing activities and realized lower levels of implementation success relative to large organizations.Research limitations/implicationsWhile cross sectional in nature, the sample's modest size limits the extent to which findings can be generalized. Future research should consider whether size related effects depend on change related factors such as intentionality or continuity.Practical implicationsAlthough managers in many large organizations seek to dismantle hierarchical structure, potential consequences of such a move should be carefully considered. Reducing hierarchy may decrease capacity for managing change. Conversely, small organizations may improve change management capability by adding structure that improves implementation control.Originality/valueThis paper offers an uncommon empirical glimpse into processes of change in the context of organizational size. Empirical evidence suggesting that organizational size may not be a hindrance, and perhaps an advantage, when implementing planned change constitutes the primary contribution of this study.
Entrepreneurial management, entrepreneurial orientation and Turkish small firm growth
Authors: Gürbüz Gülruh , Aykol Sinem 
Published: March 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and entrepreneurial management (EM) and their impact on small firm growth. EO is regarded as the strategic dimension and it is assumed that EO will determine the extent of EM practices which will eventually affect firm growth.Design/methodology/approachA survey was used as a research instrument and was applied to the owner managers of small Turkish enterprises. Data were collected from 221 independently owned and operated small manufacturing firms that employ less than 150 employees in Istanbul.FindingsResults confirm also that in this study EO affects firm growth. The explanatory power of our model increases when EO is accompanied by EM. Therefore, it can be concluded that EO achieves better results when it is supported by the appropriate management activities.ImplicationsFor researchers, the application of these scales in a different setting has important implications. The factor analysis results showed that some factors were eliminated. The risk taking dimension of EO revealed negative results with growth. Therefore, some dimensions of these concepts have to be defined in accordance with culture.Originality/valueThere is limited knowledge about the relationship between EO, EM and firm growth. This paper examines the interaction between EO and EM and provides evidence on their combined impact on small firm growth.
What's your preference?
Authors: Haytko Diana L. , Simmers Christina S. 
Published: March 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of human interaction versus interactions with technology in overall customer satisfaction with banking services, specifically, tellers versus Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) vs online transactions. All types of interactions are important in services, yet their level of importance is changing as the environment change.Design/methodology/approachTwo studies were conducted through surveys with students who had a bank checking account; six item measures were used to examine human interaction, interaction with an ATM, interaction with an online banking service and overall satisfaction with the specific bank. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine the effects of the interactions on overall satisfaction.FindingsThe findings from the two studies show that while the human encounter was more important before online banking became so prevalent, the convenience of online banking has displaced the importance of human interaction. However, there were gender differences in that males, more than females, remain influenced by teller transactions.Research limitations/implicationsThe study utilizes student samples, which could be biased. However, students are also users of banking services so they represent a traditional target market for financial service firms.Practical implicationsThe results are informative for managers when planning and implementing new online services in the financial industry.Originality/valueThis paper draws together research on interpersonal interactions and technological interactions to examine the effects on overall satisfaction. Given the proliferation of technological advances, understanding how these technologies impact customer satisfaction is vital.
The effects of physicians’ communication satisfaction and their perceptions of empowerment on their likelihood to recommend a hospital to their peers
Authors: Loughman Thomas P. , Snipes Robin L. , Pitts Jennifer P. 
Published: March 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine factors that may contribute to physicians’ dissatisfaction with their work environment, and subsequently, their likelihood to recommend a hospital to their peers.Design/methodology/approachA mixed method research design was used to identify, through qualitative interviews and focus groups, and measure, through quantitative surveys, physicians’ satisfaction with organizational communication, perceptions of empowerment and their likelihood to recommend a hospital to their peer physicians.FindingsThe results of the study indicate that physicians’ communication satisfaction and perceptions of empowerment contribute both directly and indirectly to their likelihood to recommend their organization to peers. The findings suggest that hospitals that facilitate positive workplace communications and provide work environments that allow professional discretion and autonomy are more likely to have satisfied physicians and positive word‐of‐mouth referrals.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough multiple methods of data collection were used to triangulate the findings, there is the potential of common‐method variance and response bias from the use of single source questionnaire data. Ideally, future studies would use longitudinal data and a more comprehensive model of antecedents and consequences of physician satisfaction.Practical implicationsBy understanding sources of physician dissatisfaction, hospitals can develop appropriate interventions to minimize the adverse effects of dissatisfaction on costs, quality of care, and physician turnover.Originality/valueThis study focuses on physicians’ satisfaction with their hospital work environment, an often overlooked area in studies of the health care industry that more commonly center on patient–physician satisfaction. The current study's results provide suggestions for better hospital management and further insight into the challenges of improving physician satisfaction in the health care industry.
The role of experiences in creating and developing intellectual capital
Authors: Pearse Noel J. 
Published: March 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the role of organisational, relational and individual experiences in the creation and development of intellectual capital.Design/methodology/approachThis is a conceptual paper, exploring the relationship between theories accounting for organisationally relevant experience and intellectual capital. A three‐dimensional model of human, structural and relational capital is used as a conceptual framework of intellectual capital, representing three levels of organisational behaviour. An understanding of the role of experience in developing human capital is provided by referring to experiential learning theory; the development of relational capital is explored from a social capital perspective; and structural capital from the vantage point of structural inertia theory and theories of organisational culture.FindingsThese theories suggest that experiences can be beneficial to intellectual capital development, but also potentially harmful if not managed effectively. Implications for organisations are considered and recommendations made for the use of experience so that it contributes effectively to the creation of the stock of intellectual capital. The paper concludes with recommendations for further research.Originality/valueAgainst a background of a dearth of conceptual development in this area, these theories provide some understanding of the role of organisational, relational and individual experiences in the creation of intellectual capital.
Codes of ethics
Authors: Peppas Spero C. , Yu Tyler T. 
Published: March 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine attitudes of undergraduate and graduate business students in China and the USA with regard to business codes of ethics.Design/methodology/approachRespondents were instructed to assume that an Ethical Practices Code had been drawn up by firms operating in the industry in which they intended to work and were asked to indicate their levels of disagreement/agreement with seven statements relating to the possible consequences of such a code. Tests of significance were used to analyze responses for the USA and Chinese groups. In addition, the effect on responses of a course in ethics was examined.FindingsDespite the recent attention focused on corporate irresponsibility and the possible adverse effects on US consumers of outsourcing to China, the findings indicate that, with one exception, attitudes toward codes of ethics were not significantly different between the Chinese and USA respondents.Research limitations/implicationsFuture researchers may wish to replicate this study using management and student samples randomly drawn from diverse geographical areas in each country and track changes that may occur over time.Practical implicationsThe findings should prove useful in helping government and business understand attitudes toward codes of ethics and aid in the development of such codes.Originality/valueAt a time of growing concern about corporate social responsibility, the findings should prove especially useful to those concerned with the increasingly important issue of ethics in business operations. Given the cultural distance and history of years with little interaction between China and the USA, studies such as this provide insight and help build mutual understanding between the people of these two countries.
Applying Merton's theory of anomia to career disruptions
Authors: Skiba Michaeline , Smith Donald R. , Marshall Kimball P. 
Published: March 2009

PurposeTaking an innovative theoretical approach, the purpose of this paper is to apply Merton's theory of anomia as personal reactions to social disruptions to white‐collar worker reactions to being unemployed or under‐employed.Design/methodology/approachExploratory, quantitative, secondary data analysis using data collected from convenience samples of career‐disrupted, white‐collar workers in four community and church based outplacement support groups. Recognizing career‐disruption as a potentially anomic state, factor analysis was used to develop scales suggestive of Merton's categories of reactions to anomia, and cluster analysis was used to classify respondents into Merton's categories.FindingsExploratory scales developed and resulting cluster analyses suggest Merton's theory may be helpful in recognizing different white‐collar work reactions to career displacement.Research limitations/implicationsSecondary analysis and convenience sample data are major limitations, but results justify a call for further research into the application of Merton's categories of reactions to anomia to displaced white‐collar workers.Practical implicationsGiven the frequent shifts in the business environment, white‐collar career disruptions will remain a frequent concern for senior management officers charged with administering layoffs and outplacement programs. Insights suggested by these analyses may aid anticipation of reactions of displaced white‐collar workers in ways that may influence placement and counseling activities related to worker adjustments.Originality/valueThis study is unique in applying Merton's theory of anomia to career disruptions, although Merton himself illustrated the theory with reference to workplace situations.
Why strategic vision statements won't measure up
Authors: Rahman Mohammad 
Published: March 2009

PurposeThis paper aims to highlight and explain the puzzling phenomenon that a plethora of vision statements do not measure up to the standards prescribed in the strategic management literature.Design/methodology/approachThe article offers a fresh perspective based on careful reflection on properties of the phenomenon.FindingsWhen it is acknowledged that business landscapes change or that sharing strategies can be risky, managers may need to deliberately depart from normative guidelines found in standard MBA textbooks. The common assumption that managers are simply unable to craft quality vision statements may not be realistic, particularly as these same managers are often steering very successful organizations.Research limitations/implicationsAs the viewpoint article offers a new perspective, it can stimulate further investigation by surveying managers and using rigorous techniques.Originality/valueThe article can help newly minted MBAs realize why senior executives may be crafting vague vision statements, contradicting the textbook guidelines. The article can also encourage senior executives to reflect on current industry practices of stating visions, particularly on determinants of the properties of vision statements.
Interview with Gary Hamel
Authors: by Ruth Young Interview 
Published: March 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present an interview with Gary Hamel.Design/methodology/approachThis briefing is prepared by an independent interviewer.FindingsRecently ranked the world's most influential business thinker by The Wall Street Journal, Gary Hamel is a world renowned author and speaker.Originality/valueThe interview provides insights into new technology and innovation.
Touch‐sensitive skins for Japanese health care robots
Authors: Connolly Christine 
Published: March 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the scientific developments behind the announcement of a sensor mimicking the human skin.Design/methodology/approachA brief review of the potential applications and design constraints of the robot skin is followed by an examination of published papers that trace its development.FindingsWhen sensors are embedded in an elastic matrix, connecting wires and mechanical attachments undermine the mechanical properties of that matrix. Progressive miniaturisation of the sensing devices, and ingenious methods of supplying power and communicating data, have gradually overcome this problem.Originality/valueThe paper reveals the integration of innovative sensing, signal processing and power‐supply technologies.
Inspired by nature: developments in biomimetic sensors
Authors: Bogue Robert 
Published: March 2009

PurposeThis paper aims to provide an insight into recent biomimetic sensor developments.Design/methodology/approachFollowing a brief introduction, this paper considers a number of specific sensor R&D activities which involve the use of differing biomimetic concepts, including the fabrication of artificial sensing organs, emulating human senses, novel uses of biological structures and systems exploiting biologically‐inspired behaviour.FindingsThis paper shows that a range of different biomimetic design concepts are being applied to sensors that respond to a range of physical, gaseous and chemical variables. Robust, multi‐sensor systems are being developed which emulate biologically‐inspired behaviour.Originality/valueThis paper provides an up to date technical review of a range of differing biomimetic sensor designs and concepts.
An overview of biomimetic sensor technology
Authors: Stroble J.K. , Stone R.B. , Watkins S.E. 
Published: March 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the wide range of biomimetic sensor technology and innovations.Design/methodology/approachThe reader is introduced to biomimetic sensors, their types, their advantages and how they are different from traditional sensors. Background information is also provided regarding sensor design, inspiration and innovation.FindingsThere are two approaches to sensor design, which lead to diverse advantages and innovations. Classification of biomimetic sensors indicated which natural senses are underutilized by sensor designers and researchers.Originality/valueThe paper provides information of value for those seeking innovative sensor designs and research information for those who want to research in this area.
Sensors and control systems for micro‐air vehicles: lessons from flies
Authors: Hesselberg Thomas 
Published: March 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the recent research on the interaction between flight mechanics and sensory/control systems in flies. It furthermore, explores the application to biomimetic micro‐air vehicles (MAVs).Design/methodology/approachA review of recent literature on flight in flies is given first, whereafter two biomimetic case studies are discussed; the optic flow sensor developed by a French team and the micro‐mechanical flying insect project at the University of Berkeley.FindingsThe paper discusses the many areas where biological knowledge on flight in flies can be used by designers of MAVs.Practical implicationsFully autonomous MAVs, inspired by insect flight, could be useful in a wide range of areas including search‐and‐rescue, surveillance and for military purposes.Originality/valueThe paper gives an up to date overview of dipteran flight behaviour and points to ways in which this knowledge can be applied to MAVs. The paper should thus be useful for biologists wishing to collaborate with engineers as well as for engineers and sensor designers seeking inspiration from nature.
Force sensor system for structural health monitoring using passive RFID tags
Authors: Ikemoto Yusuke , Suzuki Shingo , Okamoto Hiroyuki , Murakami Hiroki , Asama Hajime , Morishita Soichiro , Mishima Taketoshi , Lin Xin , Itoh Hideo 
Published: March 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the development of a contactless and batteryless loading sensor system that can measure the internal loading of an object structure through several covering materials for structural health monitoring.Design/methodology/approachThe paper proposed an architecture by which two radio frequency identification (RFID) tags are used in the system. It has been difficult to realize sensing by RFID because of the low power supply. To solve the power supply problem, a method using functional distribution of RFID tags of two kinds of RFID for communication and power supply was proposed. One RFID tag is specialized as a power supply for communication of strain loading information through A/D conversion. Another is specialized to supply power for driving the strain gauges bridge circuit.FindingsBy using developed system, the measurement of the structural internal loading with 20.0 mm depth was possible through covering materials such as concrete, but also plaster board, flexible boards, silicate calcium board, blockboard, and polystyrene with a resolution performance from 10 × 10−6 to 40 × 10−6.Originality/valueA sensor system was developed using passive RFID, which enables measurement of load‐deformation information inside a structural object. Moreover, the inexpensive wireless, batteryless devices used in this system require little maintenance, and applications for the user interface are also included in the developed system for uniform management of structural health monitoring. The developed system was evaluated in an actual situation using not only concrete but also other materials as covering materials on a structural object.
Interactive foreground segmentation method using mean shift and graph cuts
Authors: Tian Yuan , Guan Tao , Wang Cheng , Li Lijun , Liu Wei 
Published: March 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present an efficient, interactive foreground/background image segmentation method using mean shift (MS) and graph cuts, in order to improve the segmentation performance with little user interaction.Design/methodology/approachBy incorporating the advantages of the mean shift method and the graph cut algorithm, the proposed approach ensures the accuracy of segmentation results. First, the user marks certain pixels as foreground or background. Then the graph is constructed and the cost function composed of the boundary properties and the region properties is defined. To obtain the hidden information of user interaction, the foreground and background marks are clustered separately by the mean shift method. The region properties are determined by the minimum distances from the unmarked pixels to the foreground and background clusters. The boundary properties are determined by the relationship between the unmarked pixels and its neighbor pixels. Finally, using the graph cuts method solves the energy minimization problem to get the foreground which is of interest.FindingsThe paper presents experimental results and compares the results to other methods. It can be seen from the comparison that this method can obtain a better segmentation performance in many cases.Originality/valueThe paper incorporates the advantages of the mean shift method and the graph cut algorithm to obtain better segmentation results, even though the scene is complex.
A texture segmentation prototype for industrial inspection applications based on fuzzy grammar
Authors: Ferreira Manuel , Santos Cristina , Monteiro Joao 
Published: March 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a set of techniques, in the domain of texture analysis, dedicated to the classification of industrial textures. One of the main purposes was to deal with a high diversity of textures, including structural and highly random patterns.Design/methodology/approachThe global system includes a texture segmentation phase and a classification phase. The approach for image texture segmentation is based on features extracted from wavelets transform, fuzzy spectrum and interaction maps. The classification architecture uses a fuzzy grammar inference system.FindingsThe classifier uses the aggregation of features from the several segmentation techniques, resulting in high flexibility concerning the diversity of industrial textures. The resulted system allows on‐line learning of new textures. This approach avoids the need for a global re‐learning of the all textures each time a new texture is presented to the system.Practical implicationsThese achievements demonstrate the practical value of the system, as it can be applied to different industrial sectors for quality control operations.Originality/valueThe global approach was integrated in a cork vision system, leading to an industrial prototype that has already been tested. Similarly, it was tested in a textile machine, for a specific fabric inspection, and gave results that corroborate the diversity of possible applications. The segmentation procedure reveals good performance that is indicated by high classification rates, revealing good perspectives for full industrialization.