bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance and Evaluation of Cu‐based Nano‐composite Anodes for Direct Utilisation of Hydrocarbon Fuels in SOFCs
Authors: Lee J.‐J. , Park E.‐W. , Hyun S.‐H. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe anodes for direct utilisation of hydrocarbon fuels have been developed by using Cu/Ceria‐based nano‐composite powders. The CuO/GDC/YSZ–YSZ or CuO/GDC‐GDC nano‐composite powders were synthesised by coating nano‐sized CuO and CeO2 particles on the YSZ or GDC core particles selectively by the Pechini process. Their microstructures and electrical properties have been investigated with long‐term stability in reactive gases of dry methane and air. The anodes fabricated using Cu‐based nano‐composite anodes showed almost no carbon deposition until 500 h in dry CH4 atmosphere. The type of an electrolyte‐supported single cell in conjunction with the Cu/Ceria‐based anode must be selected together for the low melting temperature of Cu/CuO. The GDC electrolyte supported unit cell with the Cu/GDC–GDC anode showed the maximum power density of 0.1 Wcm–2 and long‐term stability for more than 500 h under electronic load of 0.05 Acm–2 at 650 °C in dry methane atmosphere.
Updating Geographic Distribution of Artemia urmiana Günther, 1890 (Branchiopoda: Anostraca) in Europe: An Integrated and Interdisciplinary Approach
Authors: Abatzopoulos Theodore J. , Amat Francisco , Baxevanis Athanasios D. , Belmonte Genuario , Hontoria Francisco , Maniatsi Stefania , Moscatello Salvatore , Mura Graziella , Shadrin Nickolaj V. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractArtemia urmiana (a species previously considered endemic of Lake Urmia, NW Iran) has been found in Lake Koyashskoe, a hypersaline lake on the Black Sea coast of the Crimean peninsula (Ukraine). Therefore, this is the first record of A. urmiana in Europe which updates its distribution. The species identification was based on an integrated and interdisciplinary approach using discriminant analysis of the morphometric characters, scanning electron microscopy, and molecular profile analysis. The data derived from the above mentioned approaches converge to significant similarity of the population under investigation with A. urmiana. The updated geographic distribution of the species, deriving from the present report, asks for additional contribution of other disciplines (e.g., avian dispersal of cysts, history of salt trade) to be finally clarified. At present we suggest that the punctuated geographic distribution of A. urmiana is probably linked to its low dispersal capability, and we suppose that its presence in two distant sites could be explained by historical human salt trade between Lake Urmia and the ancient port of Kimmerik, whose remains have been found in the present Lake Koyashskoe. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparative study of various normal mode analysis techniques based on partial Hessians
Authors: Ghysels An , Van Speybroeck Veronique , Pauwels Ewald , Catak Saron , Brooks Bernard R. , Van Neck Dimitri , Waroquier Michel 
Published: October 2009

AbstractStandard normal mode analysis becomes problematic for complex molecular systems, as a result of both the high computational cost and the excessive amount of information when the full Hessian matrix is used. Several partial Hessian methods have been proposed in the literature, yielding approximate normal modes. These methods aim at reducing the computational load and/or calculating only the relevant normal modes of interest in a specific application. Each method has its own (dis)advantages and application field but guidelines for the most suitable choice are lacking. We have investigated several partial Hessian methods, including the Partial Hessian Vibrational Analysis (PHVA), the Mobile Block Hessian (MBH), and the Vibrational Subsystem Analysis (VSA). In this article, we focus on the benefits and drawbacks of these methods, in terms of the reproduction of localized modes, collective modes, and the performance in partially optimized structures. We find that the PHVA is suitable for describing localized modes, that the MBH not only reproduces localized and global modes but also serves as an analysis tool of the spectrum, and that the VSA is mostly useful for the reproduction of the low frequency spectrum. These guidelines are illustrated with the reproduction of the localized amine‐stretch, the spectrum of quinine and a bis‐cinchona derivative, and the low frequency modes of the LAO binding protein. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
Potential fuel oils from the microalga Choricystis minor
Authors: Mazzuca Sobczuk Tania , Chisti Yusuf 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Continuous culture of the freshwater microalga Choricystis minor was investigated for possible use in producing lipid feedstock for making biofuels. The effects of temperature (10–30 °C) and dilution rate (0.005–0.017 h−1) on lipid productivity in a nutrient sufficient medium in a 4 L stirred tank bioreactor under continuous illumination at an incident irradiance level of 550 µE · m−2s−1 and a controlled pH of 6 under carbon dioxide supplemented conditions are reported.RESULTS: The maximum lipid productivity was 82 mg L−1 d−1 at 25 °C and a dilution rate of 0.014 h−1. Lipid contents of the biomass were 21.3 ± 1.7 g per 100 g of dry biomass, irrespective of the culture temperature and dilution rate. After the biomass had been grown in nutrient sufficient conditions in continuous culture, it was recovered and subjected to various postharvest treatments. With the best postharvest treatment, the neutral lipid contents of the algal biomass were raised ∼6‐fold relative to untreated biomass.CONCLUSION: At 82 mg L−1 d−1, or 21 000 L ha−1 year−1, the lipid productivity of C. minor was nearly four times the lipid productivity of oil palm, a highly productive crop. Therefore, C. minor is potentially a good source of renewable lipid feedstock for biofuels. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
A fully automated synthesis of [18F]‐FEAU and [18F]‐FMAU using a novel dual reactor radiosynthesis module
Authors: Paolillo Vincenzo , Riese Stefan , Gelovani Juri G. , Alauddin Mian M. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract2′‐Deoxy‐2′‐[18F]fluoro‐5‐substituted‐1‐β‐D‐arabinofuranosyluracils, including 2′‐deoxy‐2′‐[18F]fluoro‐5‐methyl‐1‐β‐D‐arabinofuranosyluracil [18F]FMAU and [18F]FEAU are established radiolabeled probes to monitor cellular proliferation and herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1‐tk) reporter gene expression with positron emission tomography. For clinical applications, a fully automated CGMP‐compliant radiosynthesis is necessary for production of these probes. However, due to multiple steps in the synthesis, no such automated synthetic protocols have been developed. We report here a fully automated synthesis of [18F]‐FEAU and [18F]‐FMAU on a prototype dual reactor module TRACERlab FX FN. The synthesis was performed by using a computer‐programmed standard operating procedure, and the product was purified on a semipreparative high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) integrated with the synthesis module using 12% EtOH in 50 mM Na2HPO4. Finally, the percentage of alcohol was adjusted to 7% by adding Na2HPO4 and filtered through a Millipore filter to make dose for human. The radiochemical yield on the fluorination was 40±10% (n=10), and the overall yields were 4±1% (d. c.), from the end of the bombardment; [18F]FEAU (n=7) and [18F]FMAU (n=3). The radiochemical purity was >99%, specific activity was 1200–1300 mCi/µmol. The synthesis time was 2.5 h. This automated synthesis should be suitable for production of [18F]FIAU, [18F]FFAU, [18F]FCAU, [18F]FBAU and other 5‐substitued thymidine analogues. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of labelled compounds by mass spectroscopy in the presence of heavy isotopes at natural abundance: the NAIC program
Authors: Barakzai K. Naveed D. , Howlin Brendan J. , Lockley William J. S. , Sfyrakis Konstantinos 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA program is described, which allows the intensity contributions from naturally occurring heavy isotopes to be eliminated from the mass spectrometric ions of an artificially labelled compound. This allows the accurate measurement of the isotopomer distribution of the compound and hence its percentage isotopic abundance. In the case of radioactively labelled compounds the specific radioactivity can then be derived from the abundance data. The program utilizes a graphical user interface based upon the C++ Builder 6.0 environment and VCL library. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genistein induces receptor and mitochondrial pathways and increases apoptosis during BCL‐2 knockdown in human malignant neuroblastoma SK‐N‐DZ cells
Authors: George Joseph , Banik Naren L. , Ray Swapan K. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe potent antiapoptotic molecule Bcl‐2 is markedly up‐regulated in a majority of cancers, including neuroblastoma. Genistein is an isoflavone with antitumor properties. The present study sought to elucidate the molecular mechanism of genistein‐induced apoptosis and also to examine the effect of genistein in increasing apoptosis during Bcl‐2 knockdown in human malignant neuroblastoma SK‐N‐DZ cells. The cells were transfected with Bcl‐2 siRNA plasmid vector, treated with 10 μM genistein, or the combination, and subjected to TUNEL staining and FACS analysis. Semiquantitative and real‐time RT‐PCR experiments were performed for examining expression of Fas ligand (FasL), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), Fas‐associated death domain (FADD), and TNFR‐1‐associated death domain (TRADD). The cell lysates were analyzed by Western blotting for levels of molecules involved in both receptor‐ and mitochondria‐mediated apoptotic pathways. Treatment with the combination of Bcl‐2 siRNA and genistein resulted in more than 80% inhibition of cell proliferation. TUNEL staining and FACS analysis demonstrated apoptosis in 70% of cells after treatment with the combination of both agents. Apoptosis was associated with increases in Bax:Bcl‐2 ratio, mitochondrial release of cytochrome c, and activation of caspases through the mitochondria‐mediated apoptotic pathway. Genistein triggered the receptor‐mediated apoptotic pathway through upregulation of TNF‐α, FasL, TRADD, and FADD and activation of caspase‐8. Combination of Bcl‐2 siRNA and genistein triggered a marked increase in cleavage of DFF45 and PARP that resulted in enhanced apoptosis. Our study demonstrates that Bcl‐2 knockdown during genistein treatment effectively induced apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells. Therefore, this strategy could serve as a potential therapeutic regimen to inhibit the growth of human malignant neuroblastoma. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Holocene tephrostratigraphic record of Lake Shkodra (Albania and Montenegro)
Authors: Sulpizio Roberto , Van Welden Aurelien , Caron Benoit , Zanchetta Giovanni 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTwo cores were recovered in the southeastern part of Lake Shkodra (Montenegro and Albania) and sampled for identification of tephra layers. The first core (SK13, 7.8 m long) was recovered from a water depth of 7 m, while the second core (SK19, 5.8 m long) was recovered close to the present‐day shoreline (water depth of 2 m). Magnetic susceptibility investigations show generally low values with some peaks that in some cases are related to tephra layers. Naked‐eye inspection of the cores allowed the identification of four tephra layers in core SK13 and five tephra layers in core SK19. Major element analyses on glass shards and mineral phases allowed correlation of the tephra layers between the two cores, and their attribution to six different Holocene explosive eruptions of southern Italy volcanoes. Two tephra layers have under‐saturated composition of glass shards (foiditic and phonolitic) and were correlated to the AD 472 and the Avellino (ca. 3.9 cal. ka BP) eruptions of Somma‐Vesuvius. One tephra layer has benmoreitic composition and was correlated to the FL eruption of Mount Etna (ca. 3.4 cal. ka BP). The other three tephra layers have trachytic composition and were correlated to Astroni (ca. 4.2 cal. ka BP), Agnano Monte Spina (ca. 4.5 cal. ka BP) and Agnano Pomici Principali (ca. 12.3 cal. ka BP) eruptions of Campi Flegrei. The ages of tephra layers are in broad agreement with eight 14C accelerator mass spectrometric measurements carried out on plant remains and charcoal from the lake sediments at different depths along the two cores. The recognition of distal tephra layers from Italian volcanoes allowed the physical link of the Holocene archive of Lake Shkodra to other archives located in the central Mediterranean area and the Balkans (i.e. Lake Ohrid). Five of the recognised tephra layers were recognised for the first time in the Balkans area, and this has relevance for volcanic hazard assessment and for ash dispersal forecasting in case of renewed explosive activity from some of the southern Italy volcanoes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Iron fortification and parboiled rice quality: appearance, cooking quality and sensory attributes
Authors: Prom‐u‐thai Chanakan , Rerkasem Benjavan , Fukai Shu , Huang Longbin 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Iron (Fe) fortification of parboiled rice increases both Fe concentration and bioavailability in milled grains (i.e. white rice). The aim of the present study was to evaluate parboiled rice fortified with 250 and 450 mg Fe kg−1 paddy rice for its pre‐cooking appearance, cooking quality, basic sensory attributes and overall acceptance in comparison with unfortified parboiled rice in Thailand and local parboiled rice in Bangladesh.RESULTS: Fe fortification at 250 mg Fe kg−1 paddy rice significantly elevated Fe concentration in white rice to as high as 19.1 mg Fe kg−1 white rice, compared with 6.2 mg Fe kg−1 white rice for unfortified parboiled rice, without any adverse impact on consumer acceptance based on the current preliminary assessment. The added Fe was well retained in the cooked rice, with significant residual value for human intake. Panellists in Thailand and Bangladesh did not detect significant differences in the acceptability of parboiled rice fortified at 250 mg Fe kg−1 paddy rice compared with unfortified and local parboiled rice respectively. However, Fe fortification of parboiled rice at the higher level of 450 mg Fe kg−1 paddy rice significantly intensified the yellow colour of the grain and changed the off‐flavour, chewiness and flakiness of the cooked Fe‐fortified parboiled rice. This resulted in a low acceptability ranking of parboiled rice fortified at 450 mg Fe kg−1 paddy rice by panellists in both Thailand and Bangladesh.CONCLUSION: Fe fortification of parboiled rice at an appropriate level (e.g. 250 mg Fe kg−1 paddy rice) is dosage‐effective and acceptable to rice consumers. Consumer acceptability of Fe‐fortified parboiled rice is closely related to pre‐cooking appearance, cooking quality and sensory attributes. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Event‐specific analytical methods for biotech maize MIR 604 and DAS‐59122‐7
Authors: Lee Seong‐Hun , Yi Bu‐Young , Kim Su‐Jeong 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: It is very important to develop analytical methods for genetically modified organism (GMO) labelling systems and living modified organism (LMO) management. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the most efficient DNA‐based analytical method for identifying and quantifying biotech crops. Qualitative PCR methods have been developed to detect the presence of biotech crops, while quantitative PCR methods have been developed to analyse the content of biotech crops. Analytical methods are now required for new biotech maize events, MIR 604 and DAS‐59122‐7.RESULTS: The event‐specific primers and probes were developed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of biotech maize MIR 604 and DAS‐59122‐7 based on the 3′ flanking regions. As a reference molecule, single standard plasmid was developed. The specificity of the qualitative primers was confirmed by the single PCR product, with limits of detection (sensitivity) of 0.01 and 0.05% respectively. In‐house validation of the quantitative methods was performed using six levels of mixing samples (0.1–10% w/w). As a result, the biases from the true value and the relative standard deviations were within the range of ± 30%. The limits of quantitation of the quantitative methods were all 0.1% for real time PCRs of MIR 604 and DAS‐59122‐7.CONCLUSION: In this study, event‐specific analytical methods were developed and applied to the qualitative and quantitative analysis of biotech maize MIR 604 and DAS‐59122‐7. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Qualitative and quantitative differences in the carotenoid composition of yellow and red peppers determined by HPLC‐DAD‐MS
Authors: de Azevedo‐Meleiro Cristiane H. , Rodriguez‐Amaya Delia B. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe carotenoids of a yellow (F1 Amanda hybrid) and a red (F1 Magali hybrid) pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) at the ripe stage, marketed in Campinas, Brazil, were identified by the combined use of the chromatographic behavior, absorption spectra, and chemical reactions, confirmed by the mass spectra. HPLC was carried out with a Spherisorb ODS 2 (C18, monomeric, 3 μm, 4.6×150 mm) column and DAD and mass detector. The main carotenoids in the yellow pepper were violaxanthin (27.1–36.6 μg/g), lutein (5.3–9.3 μg/g), and β‐carotene (1.6–3.9 μg/g). Neoxanthin, (Z)‐violaxanthin, (Z)‐antheraxanthin, (Z)‐lutein, α‐cryptoxanthin, β‐cryptoxanthin, ζ‐carotene, α‐carotene, and phytofluene were also found as minor carotenoids. In red pepper, the major carotenoids were capsanthin (29.2–36.2 μg/g), lutein (5.8–8.7 μg/g), β‐carotene (5.1–6.8 μg/g), and violaxanthin (1.8–3.6 μg/g). Minor carotenoids were capsorubin, β‐apo‐8′‐carotenal, antheraxanthin, zeaxanthin, and β‐cryptoxanthin.
Extraction and separation of water‐soluble proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis‐transgenic and non‐transgenic maize species by CZE
Authors: Sázelová Petra , Kašička Václav , Ibáñez Elena , Cifuentes Alejandro 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA new method for extraction and CZE separation and characterization of water‐soluble proteins (albumin fraction) from Bacillus thuringiensis‐transgenic and non‐transgenic maize varieties was developed. Protein content in the extracts from maize flours was estimated by UV‐absorbance at 280 nm and Lowry protein assay. Protein extracts were analyzed by CZE in four acidic BGEs (100 mM H3PO4, 50 mM Tris, pH 2.25; 500 mM acetic acid, pH 2.6; 200 mM formic acid, 200 mM acetic acid, pH 2.05; 200 mM iminodiacetic acid, pH 2.26) using a homemade CZE device equipped with bare fused silica capillary and UV‐absorption detector at 206 nm. Among the tested BGEs, the best resolution of extracted proteins was achieved in isoelectric BGE, 200 mM iminodiacetic acid, pH 2.26. Well‐resolved components of protein extracts were characterized by effective electrophoretic mobilities and corrected (migration times normalized) peak areas. Significant qualitative and quantitative differences in CZE‐UV profiling were found. This approach can potentially be used to distinguish the B. thuringiensis variety from the wild maize in an easy and straightforward way.
Thymic cyst: A fourth branchial cleft anomaly
Authors: Nayan Smriti , MacLean Jonathan , Sommer Doron 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe report a unique case of a fourth branchial cleft cyst found within the thymus of an adult patient. In the literature to date, there have been no reports of such a finding in the adult population. These anomalies can often cause recurrent acute suppurative thyroiditis or recurrent deep neck abscesses. Delay in recognizing the underlying etiology can lead to significant complications. Laryngoscope, 2010
Studies on boundary lubrication properties of oxidised coconut and soy bean oils
Authors: Mannekote Jagadeesh K. , Kailas Satish V. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractVegetable oils are a potential source of base oils for biodegradable lubricants, with limited oxidative stability. This study focuses on the effect of long‐term ageing and the influence of oxidation products on the boundary lubrication performance of coconut and soy bean oils, by subjecting them to accelerated ageing in a dark oven at elevated temperature. The samples were collected at regular intervals and analysed for the changes in viscosity, percentage of free fatty acid and peroxide number compared to fresh oil samples. The boundary lubrication properties of these samples were evaluated using a four‐ball tester. Increased wear observed with aged oil samples was linked to the destruction of triglyceride structure and formation of peroxides. The difference in the wear properties of soy bean oil to coconut oil was accounted by its high content of unsaturated fatty acids and its susceptibility to undergo oxidation. It was concluded that the coconut oil can perform as a better lubricant and has got a better storage life compared to soy bean oil. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interaction of fomblin® lubricant with surface nitrided and/or coated bearing (M50) steel
Authors: Rai A. K. , Nainaparampil J. , Massey M. , Bhattacharya R. S. , Gschwender L. J. , Snyder C. E. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractHigh‐temperature perfluoropolalkylether lubricants including Fomblin® are susceptible to degradation and cause corrosion in the presence of ferrous metals such as M50 bearing steel. This paper describes the effect of surface treatment (nitriding), coating chemistry and architecture in preventing corrosion/oxidation of M50 steel and thermo‐oxidative degradation of Fomblin® fluid. Specifically, Cr‐CrN multilayered coating architecture was used with and without a nitrided steel surface. The oxidation/corrosion tests were conducted by immersing the nitrided and/or coated M50 coupons in Fomblin® fluid in an oxidative environment at 270°C for 24 h and compared with untreated/uncoated coupons. It is shown that a considerable lessening of the corrosion of the steel and degradation of the Fomblin® fluid can be achieved by nitriding alone. Nitriding in combination with the multilayered Cr‐CrN coating exhibited the best protection. The results are discussed in relation to the literature data. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.
Amphiphilic PEG‐co‐PGL‐g‐PCL Copolymer Brushes: Synthesis, Micellization and Controlled Drug Delivery
Authors: Mao Jing , Gan Zhihua 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA series of amphiphilic graft copolymers of poly(ethylene glycol)‐co‐glycidol‐graft‐(ε‐caprolactone) (PEG‐co‐PGL‐g‐PCL) with PEG as the hydrophilic backbone chain and hydrophobic PCL as side chains have been synthesized by living anionic polymerization and ring‐opening polymerization. By changing the composition of the PEG‐co‐PGL backbone chains, and the molar ratio of CL monomer to PEG‐co‐PGL in the feed, copolymers with well‐defined architecture and controllable numbers and length of graft chains can be obtained. The micellization and drug release of the PEG‐co‐PGL‐g‐PCL graft copolymers have been studied in terms of dependence on graft numbers and length, and the results indicate that the micelles with shorter PCL side chains have more compact cores and a relatively small size which are favorable for drug loading and controlled release.magnified image