bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of venipuncture quality on thromboelastography
Authors: Garcia‐Pereira Brandi L. , Scott Michael A. , Koenigshof Amy M. , Brown Andrew J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if the quality of venipuncture impacts thromboelastography (TEG) results and if an initial discard tube mitigates any effects of traumatic venipuncture.DesignProspective, observational study.SettingVeterinary teaching hospital.AnimalsFifteen privately owned and research colony adult dogs.MeasurementsSamples were collected from each jugular vein using 1 of 2 venipuncture techniques per vein. The venipuncture technique was randomized to the vein as follows: (1) “clean” venipuncture (CV) from 1 jugular vein, and (2) suboptimal venipuncture (SOV) from the opposite jugular vein. CV was defined as a direct entry into the vein on the first attempt. SOV was defined as needle insertion adjacent to the vein with redirection at least once to enter the vein. Two consecutive samples were collected from each venipuncture without removal of the needle, yielding 4 samples: CV1, CV2, SOV1, and SOV2. TEG was performed on each blood sample and the TEG parameters R, K, α, and MA were recorded.ResultsMean ± SD of R for the SOV1 group (4.1 ± 1.3 s) was significantly shorter than that of the CV1 group (5.7 ± 1.4 s) and the SOV2 group (5.5 ± 1.9 s), P< 0.05. There was no difference in R between CV1 and CV2 groups, or between SOV2 and either CV1 or CV2. There was no significant difference in α, K, or MA among groups.ConclusionsMild‐to‐moderate venipuncture trauma had little effect on TEG overall, but R was significantly affected. Poorer quality collection resulted in a more rapid initiation of clot formation. However, the effect was mild and mitigated by testing samples in a second collection tube after discard of an initial sample.
Emotional intelligence of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry postgraduate students in India
Authors: Bhaskar D. J. , Aruna D. S. , Rajesh G. , Suganna M. , Suvarna M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIntroduction:  Whilst the corporate world seems to have embraced the concept of emotional intelligence (EI) as a predictor of worker success, its role in the dental profession needs to be explored; this study provides an Indian context. Hence, the EI of postgraduate (PG) students of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry was assessed.Aims:  To measure EI amongst Paedodontics PG students in India, to assess any gender differences in EI and associated dimensions amongst them.Materials and methods:  A total of 300 PG students from various dental institutions across India participating in their specialty national conference at I.T.S. Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Muradnagar, were included. EI was measured by the inventory developed by Singh (2004), based on Goleman’s model (1998).Results:  Overall, 240 questionnaires (80% response rate) were completed by 142 male and 98 female PG students and analysed. Results showed that 19% and 58% of the respondents had very high and high EI scores, respectively. None of the students had poor or very poor scores. Results indicated that both males and females had high EI scores of 230.4 (±10.38) and 222.6 (±12.04), respectively. However, males had higher scores for dimensions of self‐awareness (P < 0.01), social awareness (P < 0.01) and social skills (P < 0.001) than their female counterparts.Conclusions:  Both male and female paedodontic postgraduate students in India had high EI scores. This study provides valuable baseline information on EI in an Indian context.
Interaction with a Kinesin‐2 Tail Propels Choline Acetyltransferase Flow Towards Synapse
Authors: Sadananda Aparna , Hamid Runa , Doodhi Harinath , Ghosal Debnath , Girotra Mukul , Jana Swadhin Chandra , Ray Krishanu 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBulk flow constitutes a substantial part of the slow transport of soluble proteins in axons. Though the underlying mechanism is unclear, evidences indicate that intermittent, kinesin‐based movement of large protein‐aggregates aids this process. Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), a soluble enzyme catalyzing acetylcholine synthesis, propagates toward the synapse at an intermediate, slow rate. The presynaptic enrichment of ChAT requires heterotrimeric kinesin‐2, comprising KLP64D, KLP68D and DmKAP, in Drosophila. Here, we show that the bulk flow of a recombinant Green Fluorescent Protein‐tagged ChAT (GFP::ChAT), in Drosophila axons, lacks particulate features. It occurs for a brief period during the larval stages. In addition, both the endogenous ChAT and GFP::ChAT directly bind to the KLP64D tail, which is essential for the GFP::ChAT entry and anterograde flow in axon. These evidences suggest that a direct interaction with motor proteins could regulate the bulk flow of soluble proteins, and thus establish their asymmetric distribution.
N‐Glycolyl GM3 ganglioside immunoexpression in oral mucosal melanomas of Chinese
Authors: Zhong Y , Wu Y , Li C , Tang J , Wang X , Ren G , Carr A , Pérez R , Guo W 
Published: April 2012

Oral Diseases (2012) 18, 741–747Objective:  The aim of this study was to determine the expression of N‐Glycolyl GM3 (NeuGcGM3) ganglioside in oral mucosal melanomas.Materials and Methods:  To assess the presence of cytidine monophospho‐N‐acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) mRNA, an RT‐PCR assay was performed in melanoma cell line (ME), an oral mucosal ME, and two fresh oral mucosal melanoma tissues. Expression of NeuGcGM3 ganglioside was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 44 primary oral mucosal melanomas and 10 oral melanotic nevi. Also, the expression of NeuGcGM3 was examined in ME by immunocytochemistry.Results:  We first checked the expression of CMAH in ME and two fresh oral mucosal melanoma tissues. Presence of NeuGcGM3 ganglioside was evident in 37 of 44 cases (84.1%), showing a diffuse cytoplasmic and membranous staining. Patients with primary occurrence showed high levels of NeuGcGM3 ganglioside compared to patients with secondary occurrence. On the other hand, negative immunoreaction was evidenced in oral melanotic nevi. ME also presented the expression of NeuGcGM3 by immunocytochemistry.Conclusions:  In this work, we for the first time evaluated the expression of 14F7 MAb immunorecognition in oral mucosal melanomas. Our results were in agreement with the assumption that NeuGcGM3 ganglioside may be considered as target for passive and active immunotherapy in oral mucosal melanomas expressing this molecule and indicate less risk of recurrence and a better prognosis. Moreover, ME provides a platform for more studies on the specific function of NeuGcGM3 in oral mucosal melanomas.
Derivation of the short form of the Oral Health Impact Profile in Spanish (OHIP‐EE‐14)
Authors: Castrejón‐Pérez Roberto C. , Borges‐Yáñez S. Aída 
Published: April 2012

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2012.00613.x

Derivation of the short form of the Oral Health Impact Profile in Spanish (OHIP‐EE‐14)Background and Objective:  The Oral Health Impact Profile is the most frequently used and validated of the Oral Health Quality of Life instruments. Several short versions have been developed; and a validation of the OHIP‐49 in Spanish has been published. The objective was to develop the short version of the Oral Health Impact Profile in Spanish (OHIP‐EE‐14).Methods:  Cross‐sectional study. One hundred and thirty‐one persons aged ≥60 years attending a social centre for the elderly, residents of a nursing home and persons seeking dental care at a dental school in Mexico City were interviewed and examined. The validity of each of the 49 questions was evaluated, and, to construct the short version, 14 items were selected. The perceived need for dental treatment, number of teeth, presence of coronal caries, root caries, presence of dental plaque and utilisation of removable prosthesis were measured. Internal consistency, repeatability and discriminant validity were calculated.Results:  The OHIP‐EE‐14 was reliable (Cronbach’s‐α = 0.918, ICC = 0.825). Significant associations were found between OHIP‐EE‐14 and the number of teeth and perceived need for dental treatment.Conclusions:  The OHIP‐EE‐14 is a reliable and valid instrument and can be used in subjects aged 60 years and over from Mexico City.
Antimalarial Drugs and Drug Targets Specific to Fatty Acid Metabolic Pathway of Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Qidwai Tabish , Khan Feroz 
Published: April 2012

Plasmodium falciparum, a causitive agent of malaria, is the third most prevalent factor for mortility in the world. Falciparum malaria is an example of evolutionary and balancing selection. Because of mutation and natural selection, the parasite has developed resistance to most of the existing drugs. Under such circumstances, there is a growing need to develop new molecular targets in P. falciparum. A four membrane bound organelles called apicoplast, very much similar to that of chloroplast of plants, have been found in parasite. Therefore, the proteins involved in metabolic pathways of apicoplasts are important drug targets. Among the pathways in apicoplast, fatty acid biosynthetic pathway is the most important metabolic pathway in P. falciparum. Several studies have explored the role of different proteins involved in this pathway and antimalarial compounds against this target. In this review, we have studied the role of different proteins in fatty acid metabolism and designing, synthesis and evaluation of compounds against the targets identified in fatty acid metabolic pathway.
Intraoperative parathyroid hormone concentration to confirm removal of hypersecretory parathyroid tissue and time to postoperative normocalcaemia in nine dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Graham KJ , Wilkinson M , Culvenor J , Dhand NK , Churcher RK 
Published: April 2012

Objective  To determine (1) whether the intraoperative parathyroid hormone concentration ([PTH]) during parathyroidectomy (PTX) can be used to indicate cure in dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism and (2) the time taken for postoperative serum calcium concentration to normalise.Design  Retrospective study (2005–10) from a private referral hospital in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.Procedure  Nine client‐owned dogs underwent surgical PTX for naturally occurring primary hyperparathyroidism. [PTH] was measured from serum samples taken immediately post‐induction (pre‐PTX]) and at least 20 min after adenoma removal (post‐PTX) for all dogs, and during parathyroid gland manipulation (intra‐PTX) for six dogs. The concentration of ionised calcium (iCa) was measured at various time points postoperatively until it normalised, then stabilised or decreased below reference ranges. Statistical analysis compared the mean pre‐, intra‐ and post‐PTX [PTH] and the average rate of decline of iCa concentration postoperatively.Results  All dogs demonstrated a significant decrease from mean pre‐PTX [PTH] (168.51 pg/mL) to mean post‐PTX [PTH] (29.20 pg/mL). There was a significant increase in mean intra‐PTX [PTH] (279.78 pg/mL). The average rate of decline of iCa concentration postoperatively to within the reference range (1.12–1.40 mmol/L) occurred after 24 h.Conclusion  Intraoperative measurements of [PTH] can be used clinically to determine cure of primary hyperparathyroidism. Parathyroid hormone increases significantly during parathyroid gland manipulation. Plasma iCa concentration returns to within the reference range on average 24 h after successful PTX. Not all dogs require vitamin D or calcium supplementation pre‐ or postoperatively.
Comparison of five point‐of‐care D‐dimer assays with the standard laboratory method
Authors: ANTOVIC J. P. , HÖÖG HAMMARSTRÖM K. , FORSLUND G. , EINTREI J. , STEN‐LINDER M. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryIntroduction:  D‐dimer (DD) assays are effective for the exclusion of deep‐vein thrombosis (DVT), but point‐of‐care (POC) DD assays have not been fully evaluated.Methods:  We have compared five POC DD assays (Pathfast, Cardiac, Vidas, Stratus and NycoCard) with our routine DD method (Tinaquant), testing 60 samples from patients with suspected DVT.Results:  Using 0.5 μg/mL as a cut‐off value, four samples tested negative with Tinaquant were positive with Pathfast. There were no Tinaquant‐positive samples tested negative with Pathfast, while the overall agreement (k = 0.81) was very good. Four samples were discrepant between Tinaquant and Cardiac (cut‐off, 0.4 μg/mL), while k = 0.72. One of two Tinaquant‐negative samples was shown to be positive for either Vidas (cut‐off, 0.5 μg/mL) or Stratus (cut‐off, 0.4 μg/mL), respectively. The agreement with Tinaquant was excellent for both Vidas (k = 0.92) and Stratus (k = 0.94). Total CV was <10% for all four assays. Eight samples (of 27) were negative with NycoCard although they were positive with Tinaquant, while CV was 41%.Conclusion:  Vidas cannot be considered a POC assay because the sample has to be centrifuged before testing. Our findings have also shown that the use of NycoCard is inappropriate. Stratus and Pathfast have a similar analytical profile in comparison with the Tinaquant method. Cardiac is potentially less sensitive but may still be acceptable for use. It seems that the employment of these three assays for rapid bed‐side analysis offers a possibility to adequately rule out DVT in outpatients within minutes after admission.
The design and cross‐population application of a genome‐wide SNP chip for the great tit Parus major
Authors: Van BERS NIKKIE E. M. , SANTURE ANNA W. , Van OERS KEES , DE CAUWER ISABELLE , DIBBITS BERT W. , MATEMAN CHRISTA , CROOIJMANS RICHARD P. M. A. , SHELDON BEN C. , VISSER MARCEL E. , GROENEN MARTIEN A. M. , SLATE JON 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe vast amount of phenotypic information collected in some wild animal populations makes them extremely valuable for unravelling the genetics of ecologically important traits and understanding how populations adapt to changes in their environment. Next generation sequencing has revolutionized the development of large marker panels in species previously lacking genomic resources. In this study, a unique genomics toolkit was developed for the great tit (Parus major), a model species in ecology and behavioural biology. This toolkit consists of nearly 100 000 SNPs, over 250 million nucleotides of assembled genomic DNA and more than 80 million nucleotides of assembled expressed sequences. A SNP chip with 9193 SNP markers expected to be spaced evenly along the great tit genome was used to genotype 4702 birds from two of the most intensively studied natural vertebrate populations [Wytham Woods/Bagley Woods (United Kingdom) and de Hoge Veluwe/Westerheide (The Netherlands)]. We show that (i) SNPs identified in either of the two populations have a high genotyping success in the other population, (ii) the minor allele frequencies of the SNPs are highly correlated between the two populations and (iii) despite this high correlation, a large number of SNPs display significant differentiation (FST) between the populations, with an overrepresentation of genes involved in cardiovascular development close to these SNPs. The developed resources provide the basis for unravelling the genetics of important traits in many long‐term studies of great tits. More generally, the protocols and pitfalls encountered will be of use for those developing similar resources.
Outside Directors, Litigation Environment, and Management Earnings Forecasts
Authors: Tinaikar Surjit 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis study examines whether outside directors factor in litigation costs for the firm while monitoring optimal disclosure policy. It investigates the association of management earnings forecast disclosure and the proportion of outside directors across two regimes with unequal litigation costs, the United States and Canada. I find that the positive association between forecast frequency/ precision and the proportion of outside directors is stronger in Canada. This suggests that outside directors are more likely to encourage disclosure in less litigious Canada. I also find that firm‐level governance mechanisms such as outside directors and country‐level litigation environment act as governance substitutes in determining unbiased forecasts. Specifically, the negative association between forecast bias and the proportion of outside directors is stronger in Canada. I also revisit the effect of legal regime on forecast disclosure in a non‐U.S. context. Recent legislation has increased the likelihood of class‐action lawsuits in Canada. The passage of these laws has decreased the precision in forecasts by Canadian firms.
Markers of potential malignancy in chronic hyperplastic candidiasis
Authors: Darling Mark R. , McCord Christina , Jackson‐Boeters Linda , Copete Maria 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAim:  To examine the presence of markers associated with malignancy, including p53, p21 cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 1A, murine double minutes‐2, and others, in chronic hyperplastic candidiasis.Methods:  Immunohistochemical methods were used to examine the expression of p53, murine double minutes‐2, p21 cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 1A, metallothionein, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in 42 chronic hyperplastic candidiasis lesions and 11 non‐infected control tissues. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated digoxigenin‐dUTP nick‐end labeling was used to examine apoptosis, which was correlated with p53 expression. These markers were measured in lesions of chronic hyperplastic candidiasis that did not show any epithelial dysplasia or histological signs of malignancy.Results:  p53 scores were higher in chronic hyperplastic candidiasis than in controls (P = 0.0046). Murine double‐minutes 2 levels were not elevated. p21 cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 1A was increased in parabasal (P < 0.0001) and basal epithelial cells. Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis lesions showed a similar basal/parabasal metallothionein staining pattern to that seen in normal squamous epithelium. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen was increased (P = 0.0007), as was apoptosis (P = 0.0033).Conclusion:  Increased p53 in oral chronic hyperplastic candidiasis suggests an increased potential for malignant change in the epithelium, above that of normal tissues. Further functional investigation is required, as well as clinical follow‐up studies.
Total glucosides of Danggui Buxue Tang attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via inhibition of extracellular matrix remodelling
Authors: Gao Jian , Feng Li-jie , Huang Yan , Li Ping , Xu Du-juan , Li Jun , Wu Qiang 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Objectives
This study was designed to investigate the antifibrosis effects and possible mechanism of action of total glucosides of Danggui Buxue Tang (DBTG) on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats.

Methods
DBTG was extracted from Radix Astragali and Radix Angelicae Sinensis. Pulmonary fibrosis was induced by intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (5 mg/kg) in Wistar rats. Subsequently, the rats received daily intragastric administration of DBTG (16, 32 or 64 mg/kg per day) or cortisone (3 mg/kg) 1 day after bleomycin instillation for 4 weeks. Histological changes in the lung were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining. Markers of fibrosis in serum were determined by radioimmunoassay. The mRNA expression of metalloproteinases 1 and 9 (MMP-1, MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) in lung tissue were detected by reverse transcription PCR.

Key findings
DBTG administration attenuated the degree of alveolitis and lung fibrosis, and markedly reduced the elevated levels of hyaluronic acid, laminin, type III procollagen and type IV collagen in serum. DBTG decreased the mRNA levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1. MMP-1 expression was only moderately decreased by DBTG.

Conclusions
DBTG had an inhibitory effect on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and its effect may be associated with the ability of DBTG to inhibit the synthesis of extracellular matrix and balance the MMP/TIMP-1 system.
Inhibitory effects of Zataria multiflora essential oil and its main components on nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages
Authors: Kavoosi Gholamreza , Teixeira da Silva Jaime A , Saharkhiz Mohammad J 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Objectives
Zataria multiflora is an aromatic plant that is used in flavouring and preserving foods and also used as an antispasmodic, anaesthetic and antinociceptive agent. In this study, the effects of Z. multiflora essential oil on nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages was investigated.

Methods
Z. multiflora essential oil was extracted by water-distillation, analysed by GC-MS and then the effect of the essential oil on NO and H2O2 production was investigated.

Key findings
Carvacrol (52%), thymol (16%) and p-cymene (10%) were the main components of the oil. The IC50 (concentration providing 50% inhibition) for reactive oxygen scavenging was estimated to be 5.7, 3 and 4.2 µg/ml for the essential oil, thymol and carvacrol, respectively, while the corresponding IC50 values for reactive nitrogen scavenging were estimated to be 8.6, 4.7 and 6.6 µg/ml. Z. multiflora essential oil, thymol, and carvacrol significantly reduced NO and H2O2 production as well as NO synthase and NADH oxidase activity in LPS-stimulated murine macrophages while p-cymene did not show any antioxidant activity.

Conclusions
Z. multiflora essential oil has the potential to be used in the therapy of oxidative damage.
Validation and Field Evaluation of a Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Diagnosis of Babesia bovis Infections in Argentina
Authors: Dominguez Mariana , Echaide Ignacio , de Echaide Susana Torioni , Wilkowsky Silvina , Zabal Osvaldo , Mosqueda Juan J. , Schnittger Leonhard , Florin-Christensen Monica 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT

Infections by
Babesia bovis
limit cattle production and cause important economic losses in tropical and subtropical areas around the world. Monitoring of calf sera can be used to detect unprotected cattle herds and to decide on strategic control measures, as well as for epidemiological studies. Merozoite surface antigen 2c (MSA-2c) is an immunodominant surface protein expressed in
B. bovis
merozoites and sporozoites and contains B-cell epitopes that are conserved among geographic isolates. A monoclonal antibody against recombinant MSA-2c (rMSA-2c) was previously shown to inhibit the binding of anti-
B. bovis
antibodies to a parasite B-cell epitope in a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) format. In the work at hand, the parameters of this cELISA were reevaluated and adjusted when necessary, and a cutoff value was determined by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of a total of 357 bovine sera of known reactivity, as assessed by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFAT). The established rMSA-2c cELISA demonstrated a specificity of 98% and a sensitivity of 96.2%. An additional set of 303 field bovine sera from regions where ticks are endemic and tick-free regions of Argentina was tested by both rMSA-2c cELISA and IFAT, and the results were shown to be in very good agreement (kappa index, 0.8325). The performance shown by rMSA-2c cELISA in the detection of
B. bovis
-specific antibodies and its suitability for standardization and large-scale production, as well as the possibility of its application in most veterinary diagnostic laboratories, make the assay a powerful tool for the surveillance of herd immunity as a strategic measure for the control of bovine babesiosis.