bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preventive Care for Adolescents: Few Get Visits and Fewer Get Services
Authors: Irwin Charles E. , Adams Sally H. , Park M. Jane , Newacheck Paul W. 
Published: March 2009

OBJECTIVE. Professional guidelines for adolescents recommend annual preventive visits with screening and anticipatory guidance for health-related behaviors. The objective of this study was to examine receipt of preventive services, including disparities in services received, by using a nationally representative sample of adolescents.
METHODS. Using data from the 2001–2004 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (ages 10–17; N = 8464), we examined receipt of preventive care visits and several measures of the content of care, based on caregiver's reports, among adolescents who received a preventive care visit during the past 12 months. Content of care outcomes included physical parameters measurement (height, weight, and blood pressure); receipt of anticipatory guidance (dental care, seat belts, helmets, exercise, healthy eating, and secondhand smoke exposure); and, for 12- to 17-year-olds, whether adolescents had time alone with their provider during their most recent visit, a proxy for confidential services. We conducted logistic regression analyses to test for disparities in the outcomes on the basis of race/ethnicity, income, and insurance status.
RESULTS. Thirty-eight percent of adolescents had a preventive care visit in the previous 12 months. Low-income and full-year uninsured status were associated with higher risk for not receiving this visit. Most adolescents had height (87%), weight (89%), and blood pressure (78%) assessed. Rates for height and weight were lower in poor and uninsured adolescents. Anticipatory guidance rates were much lower, ranging from 31% for seat belts, helmets, and secondhand smoke to 49% for healthy eating. Only 10% had all 6 areas addressed. Multivariate analyses yielded few disparities in receipt of anticipatory guidance. Forty percent had time alone with their providers. Hispanic and the lowest-income adolescents were the least likely to have time alone.
CONCLUSIONS. Few adolescents received a preventive visit; among those who received this visit, provision of recommended anticipatory guidance was very low. Strategies are required to improve delivery of recommended preventive services to adolescents.
Effects of a Conditional Cash Transfer Program on Children's Behavior Problems
Authors: Ozer Emily J. , Fernald Lia C. H. , Manley James G. , Gertler Paul J. 
Published: March 2009

OBJECTIVES. Governments are increasingly using conditional cash transfer programs to reduce the negative effects of poverty on children's development. These programs have demonstrated benefits for children's nutrition and physical development, but the effect of conditional cash transfers on children's behaviors has not been systematically evaluated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a conditional cash transfer on children's behavior by using a quasi-experimental design.METHODS. In 1997, the Mexican government initiated a large-scale conditional cash transfer (Oportunidades) in 506 very poor rural communities. Oportunidades provided cash transfers that were contingent on visits to medical practitioners, consumption of nutritional supplementation, and school enrollment. In 2003, an assessment of 4- to 6-year-old children in these households was conducted, and outcomes were compared with children from 152 additional poor rural communities who had been recruited by using rigorous matching procedures. The primary outcome measure for this analysis was maternal report of behavior problems in terms of anxiety/depressive and aggressive/oppositional symptoms. Analyses reported here compared 778 children from beneficiary households who had received 3.5 to 5.0 years of exposure to the program and a comparison group of 263 children who had received no exposure to the program at the time of assessment but whose families later enrolled in the program.RESULTS. Participation in Oportunidades was associated with a 10% decrement in aggressive/oppositional symptoms but was not associated with significant decrements in anxiety/depressive symptoms or total problem behaviors while controlling for covariates. Effects of treatment did not differ by children's gender or ethnicity.CONCLUSIONS. Although this large-scale conditional cash transfer program for poor Mexican families did not directly address children's behavior problems, it found evidence of indirect effects on children's behavior. Results suggest that interventions that focus on investing in basic human capital needs may exert longer term ripple effects on children's development.
Chronic Toxicity of Ammonia to Early Life Stage Rainbow Trout
Authors: Brinkman Stephen F. , Woodling John D. , Vajda Alan M. , Norris David O. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA 90‐d ammonia toxicity test for early life stage rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss was conducted using newly fertilized eggs from a wild strain of fish. The toxicity test was conducted at a pH of 7.75 and temperature of 11.4°C. Hatch success and survival of sac fry were not affected by ammonia exposure. Survival, growth, and biomass of swim‐up fry were significantly reduced at an ammonia‐nitrogen (NH3‐N) concentration of 16.8 mg NH3‐N/L of water but were unaffected by exposures to 7.44 mg NH3‐N/L or lower concentrations. The chronic toxicity value was 11.2 mg NH3‐N/L, and the EC20 (concentration estimated to cause a 20% reduction in organism performance compared with the control) based on biomass at test termination was 7.72 mg NH3‐N/L. Development of sac fry to the swim‐up stage was retarded by ammonia, but fry exposed to 7.44 mg NH3‐N/L or lower concentrations appeared to recover by the end of the test. Histological analysis of the gills of exposed fry did not detect any gill pathology. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency chronic ammonia criteria are protective of early life stages of rainbow trout under test conditions.
Estimation of Stability Constants of Coordination Compounds using Models Based on Topological Indices
Authors: Raos Nenad , Miličević Ante 
Published: March 2009

Estimation of Stability Constants of Coordination Compounds using Models Based on Topological Indices
The principal aim of our research was to develop theoretical models for estimating stability constants of coordination compounds, focusing on chelates of heavy metals, Cu(II) and Ni(II), with bioligands (amines, amino acids and peptides). We tried to solve the problem using graph-theoretical models. We also encountered a specific problem for coordination compounds - the choice of the constitutional formula, that is graph, of the complex species.
A comparison of measurement methods: terrestrial laser scanning, tachymetry and snow probing for the determination of the spatial snow-depth distribution on slopes
Authors: Prokop A. , Schirmer M. , Rub M. , Lehning M. , Stocker M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDetermination of the spatial snow-depth distribution is important in potential avalanche-starting zones, both for avalanche prediction and for the dimensioning of permanent protection measures. Knowledge of the spatial distribution of snow is needed in order to validate snow depths computed from snowpack and snowdrift models. The inaccessibility of alpine terrain and the acute danger of avalanches complicate snow-depth measurements (e.g. when probes are used), so the possibility of measuring the snowpack using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) was tested. The results obtained were compared to those of tachymetry and manual snow probing. Laser measurements were taken using the long-range laser profile measuring system Riegl LPM-i800HA. The wavelength used by the laser was 0.9 μm (near-infrared). The accuracy was typically within 30 mm. The highest point resolution was 30 mm when measured from a distance of 100 m. Tachymetry measurements were carried out using Leica TCRP1201 systems. Snowpack depths measured by the tachymeter were also used. The datasets captured by tachymetry were used as reference models to compare the three different methods (TLS, tachymetry and snow probing). This is the first time that the accuracy of TLS systems in snowy and alpine weather conditions has been quantified. The relative accuracy between the three measurement methods is bounded by a maximum offset of ±8 cm. Between TLS and the tachymeter the standard deviation is 1σ = 2 cm, and between manual probing and TLS it is up to 1σ = 10 cm, for maximum distances for the TLS and tachymeter of 300 m.
Time dependence of snow microstructure and associated effective thermal conductivity
Authors: Satyawali P.K. , Singh A.K. , Dewali S.K. , Kumar Praveen , Kumar Vinod 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis paper presents a sequential evaluation of snow microstructure and its associated thermal conductivity under the influence of a temperature gradient. Temperature gradients from 28 to 45 Km–1 were applied to snow samples having a density range 180–320 kgm–3. The experiments were conducted inside a cold room in a specially designed heat-flux apparatus for a period of 4weeks. A constant heat flux was applied at the base of the heat-flux apparatus to produce a temperature gradient in the snow sample. A steady-state approach was used to estimate the effective thermal conductivity of snow. Horizontal and vertical thick sections were prepared on a weekly basis to obtain snow micrographs. These micrographs were used to obtain snow microstructure using stereological tools. The thermal conductivity was found to increase with increase in grain size, bond size and grain and pore intercept lengths, suggesting a possible correlation of thermal conductivity with snow microstructure. Thermal conductivity increased even though surface area and area fraction of ice were found to decrease. The outcome suggests that changes in snow microstructure have significant control on thermal conductivity even at a constant density.
Combined Systemic Immunotherapy and Intrathecal Dexamethasone in Febrile Infection Related Epilepsy Syndrome
Authors: Fisher Kristen S. , Ankar Alexander , Cokley Jon , Muscal Eyal , Riviello James J. , Lai Yi‐Chen 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTFebrile infection related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) is a rare presentation of refractory status epilepticus with immune dysregulation as a potential pathologic mechanism. Despite promising results from second‐line immunomodulators, approximately 30% remain refractory to treatment. We describe two children with FIRES who were unable to wean from anesthetic infusions with immunomodulatory treatment and subsequently received concurrent intrathecal dexamethasone and anakinra/tocilizumab as escalation of therapy. Following the initiation of this combined regimen, anesthetic infusions were decreased while maintaining seizure freedom. These cases demonstrate proof of principle that a multi‐modal approach may be beneficial and should be considered in the treatment of FIRES.
Improving Questioning Skills and Use of Supportive Statements in Simulated Child Sexual Abuse Interviews
Authors: Haginoya Shumpei , Sun Yongjie , Yamamoto Shota , Mizushi Hazuki , Yoshimoto Naruyo , Santtila Pekka 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWe examined the simultaneous training of questioning skills and supportive statements through simulated child sexual abuse (CSA) interviews paired with feedback. Eighty inexperienced participants were divided into four groups: no feedback, feedback on question types and case outcomes, feedback on supportive statements, and the combination of all feedback types. Each participant conducted four online simulated CSA interviews with child avatars. Results showed that combined feedback improved both questioning skills and supportive statements, demonstrating the potential for simultaneous multi‐skill training. The proportion of recommended questions increased by 20%–30% on average, while supportive statements increased two‐ to four‐fold. However, combined training showed slightly lower improvements compared with single‐skill training suggesting the presence of a trade‐off. These findings highlight the importance of personalized feedback and suggest that initial separate training for single skills or additional interventions may enhance multi‐skill training effectiveness, contributing to more effective interviewer training programs.
Exploring the Dynamic Transition from Aging to Additive Manufacturing: Investigating Microstructural Evolution of Metastable γ″ Precipitates in Inconel 625 through Coupled Phase‐Field Simulation
Authors: Darabi Roya , Reis Ana , Cesar de Sa Jose 
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the microstructural evolution during the coprecipitation of metastable γ″ (D022‐Ni3Nb) particles within a supersaturated γ matrix in commercial IN625 Ni‐based superalloy. The research aims to comprehensively understand the morphological evolution and fraction distribution of precipitate phases to enhance material strength and guide the design of additive manufacturing processes. A sophisticated coupled computational phase‐field model is developed. The novel phase‐field model within the open‐source multiphysics object oriented simulation environment finite element framework enables the efficient construction of coupled phase‐field mechanics models for multiphase systems. The quantitative precipitation model incorporates essential inputs, such as ab initio calculations, experimental data, precipitate–matrix orientation relationships, interfacial energy, interdiffusivities, and a tailored thermodynamic database. Simulation results reveal the intricate interplay of alloy composition, lattice misfit, external stress, temperature, and time, influencing the dynamic microstructure evolution during additive manufacturing. The findings highlight the significant influence of thermal cycles and process parameters on γ″ precipitate formation, directly impacting material properties and volumetric fraction. Leveraging experimental‐driven formulations for coherent strength optimization aims to maximize γ″ precipitates while minimizing postprocessing costs.
Durable and Active Fe–N–C Assisted by Fe Nanoparticle and Graphitic Layers for Efficient Carbamate Decomposition During Amine‐Based Carbon Capture
Authors: Li Xing , Xing Lei , Chen Zhen , Wang Ya , Wang Chizhong , Zhan Guoxiong , Chang Huazhen , Li Junhua 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA feasible Fe–N–C catalysts (Fe/FeSA@GNC) with multiple Fe species and well‐graphitized carbon layers is prepared to boost the carbamate decomposition kinetics for energy‐saving CO2 capture with amine solvent. Fe precursor carbothermic reaction creates the graphitic layers doped with pyridinic‐N, which significantly enhances the activity of the coordinated Fe sites. Furthermore, the enclosed Fe nanoparticles originate from excess Fe precursor firmed the atomically dispersed Fe–N–C sites in graphitic layers. The as‐prepared catalysts exhibit superior activity for carbamate decomposition under relatively mild conditions. The maximum desorption rate soar to 5.4 CO2 mmol min−1, marking 440% increment compared to the catalyst‐free reaction. Notably, the Fe/FeSA@GNC delivered exceptional stability and durability after 20 cycles in alkaline organic solutions, significantly superior to single‐atom Fe–N–C without Fe NPs. Bench‐scale testing with continuous CO2 absorption and desorption presented a 19.5% increase of CO2 capture efficiency and a 40.7% decrease of heat duty with only 0.1 wt.% dosage of Fe/FeSA@GNC. The role of Fe–N–C sites is demonstrated in the process of proton transfer and C−N breaking during solvent regeneration (CO2 desorption). Thus, the Fe/FeSA@GNC catalytic carbamate decomposition offered an appealing technology solution to the high heat duty challenge associated with CO2 chemisorption using amine‐based solvent.
MoS2 Nanozyme–Chlorella Hydrogels: Pioneering a Hepatocellular Carcinoma Integrative Therapy
Authors: Zhang Mengya , Zhou Jingsheng , Jiang Xianghe , Shi Te , Jin Xin , Ren Yufei , Ji Keqin , Xin Zhongyuan , Zhang Zhuanzhuan , Yin Chuan , Yue Haiyan , Gao Jie 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) poses a formidable challenge to global health, and surgical resection is the predominant therapeutic strategy. However, the efficacy of postoperative adjuvant treatments is often compromised by the need to preserve liver function. The authors’ meta‐analysis reveals a significant correlation between impaired liver function and decreased survival rates in HCC patients, highlighting the critical need for interventions to protect liver function. To address this, an innovative injectable composite hydrogel system is engineered, designated MC@PHDA, which encapsulates Molybdenum disulfide MoS2 nanozymes and Chlorella photosensitizers within a hyaluronic acid‐dopamine/2‐aminoethyl methacrylate (HA‐DA/AMA) matrix. This system offers a comprehensive therapeutic approach to HCC, combining photodynamic and photothermal therapies to selectively target and eradicate cancer cells; while, inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) to stimulate an antitumor immune response. The MC@PHDA hydrogel leverages the ROS‐scavenging properties of MoS2 to mitigate oxidative liver injury and promote hepatocyte regeneration. Thus, the multifaceted therapeutic design of the MC@PHDA hydrogel represents a paradigm‐shifting strategy for HCC treatment that targets tumor cells; while, concurrently promoting liver repair and regeneration. This study introduces a groundbreaking approach for the integrative management of HCC, with the potential to significantly enhance patient survival and quality of life.
Durable Dense Packed All‐Silicon Micro‐Thermoelectric Generator for IoT Applications
Authors: Sojo‐Gordillo Jose M. , Estrada‐Wiese Denise , Rodriguez‐Iglesias Alex , Duque‐Sierra Carolina , Fernandez‐Regulez Marta , Martin‐Fernandez Iñigo , Salleras Marc , Fonseca Luis , Morata Alex , Tarancón Albert 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOne of the main challenges of the rising field of the Internet of Things (IoT) is the self‐sustainable supply of energy to the sensors. Among the available environmental sources, heat can be harvested by means of thermoelectric devices. This work presents a new generation of densely packaged all‐silicon micro‐thermoelectric generators (µTEGs) with planar architecture. Optimized boron‐doped Si nanowires with 80 ± 30nm in diameter are epitaxially integrated as dense arrays into these generators for an improved performance. A procedure to reliably place a heat sink on top of the devices, enlarging the fraction of external thermal gradient captured by the thermoelectrically active nanowires, is described. These improvements enhance the generated voltage up to eight times with respect to that of a bare µTEG, leading to output powers well within the range of IoT needs (10 – 100 µW cm−2). Specifically, the µTEG on top of a heat source above 200°C and under still air convection conditions generates more than 14 µW cm−2. When exposed to the same temperatures and to an airflow of 1.3 m s−1 (equivalent to a light breeze) the power density increases above 150 µW cm−2. Moreover, a long‐term stability study running the device in load matching conditions for a period of 1000 h does not show degradation below 200°C. Finally, the suitability of connecting the µTEG with the current state of the art DC–DC converters is discussed, showing how eventual transients in real operation conditions can allow the device to reach the required cold start‐up voltages. Overall, these results demonstrate the readiness of the presented µTEG as a reliable power source for miniaturized IoT applications.
Threefold Möbius Machine
Authors: Yang Xiaochen , Zhao Weiqiang , Ma Jiayao , Hu Zhiming , Liu Xinmeng , Fu Lei , Xu Chuhan , Lv Jiuan , Zhang Lei , Chen Yan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSoft machines crafted from stimuli‐responsive materials hold great potential for intelligent autonomous systems. To stably generate a self‐sustainable motion under constant stimuli, it is essential to overcome the challenges of geometric design, physical modeling, and mechanical‐guided parametric study. Here, inspired by the classical Möbius strip, a threefold Möbius machine made from humidity‐responsive agarose films is proposed. A theoretical model is built based on moisture diffusion and developable surface to unveil the mechanisms of curvature‐driven rotary motion with shape conservation, and to establish the quantitative correlations between the motion speed and the geometric and environmental parameters to optimize the design under given constraints. As a result, a Möbius machine capable of operating in a constant humid environment for 252 hours is developed. It can also continuously output mechanical work and sense ambient humidity. It is envisaged that T the integration of intelligent structural design principles and physical modeling will push the development of innovative robotic systems to the next level.
Photo‐Manipulating the Interlayer Spacing of MXene Toward Switchable Electrochemical and Gas Sensing Functionality
Authors: Fang Yan , Hao Lu‐Lu , Xiao Jing‐Yi , Meng Yin‐Shan , Liu Tao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractManipulating the interlayer spacing of 2D MXene materials through rapid and noninvasive light methodology represents a promising approach to tuning their physical and chemical properties, which will promote their practical applications in photo‐sensing and photo‐switchable devices. In this study, a new pillared Ti3C2Tx MXene compound is presented, which exhibits tunable interlayer spacing behavior through the introduction of photoisomeric cationic azobenzene derivatives. UV–vis absorption spectra confirm that the increase in inter‐flake distance originated from the trans‐to‐cis isomerization of the p‐[2‐(2‐hydroxyethyldimethylammonio)ethoxy]azobenzene (AZ+Br–), while the reverse process is driven by visible light induced cis‐to‐trans relaxation. As a consequence, the interlayer spacing of Ti3C2Tx MXene can be effectively adjusted by the conformational changes of the AZ+ layer, achieving a reversible expansion and contraction of ≈0.5 Å under alternating UV/visible light irradiations. Electrochemical analysis reveals that the conductivity and capacitance can be reversibly photo‐switched with high durability and repeatability. In addition, the adjustable interlayer spacing enables the photo‐controlled gas capture and release feature, showing that AZ+‐Ti3C2Tx with larger interlayer spacing can accommodate more ethanol molecules and exhibit higher sensitivity to ethanol vapor changes. This work provides a feasible strategy for the design of novel 2D MXene‐based materials and devices with tunable and photo‐responsive functionality.