bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The results of temporal bone surgery for advanced or recurrent tumors of the parotid gland
Authors: Gidley Paul W. , Thompson Christopher R. , Roberts Dianna B. , Weber Randal S. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To describe the results of temporal bone surgery in managing advanced or recurrent tumors of the parotid gland.Study Design:Retrospective review.Methods:Patients with advanced or recurrent tumors involving the parotid gland who underwent either mastoidectomy or temporal bone resection were reviewed for treatment outcomes.Results:Forty‐nine patients were identified who required either mastoidectomy (n = 33) or temporal bone resection (n = 16) for malignancies involving the parotid gland. Facial nerve sacrifice was required in 35 patients (71.4%). Perineural invasion was found in 51.1% of patients; and negative margins were achieved in 78.2% patients. Six of 10 patients presenting with normal facial function (House‐Brackmann I) and recurrent tumors maintained normal facial function following salvage surgery. Trismus, tumors larger than 4 cm, and the need for mandibulectomy were significantly correlated with higher recurrence rates (P = .025, P = .004, and P = .002, respectively). Patients with preoperative House‐Brackmann I or II had a lower risk for recurrence (P = .035) and more favorable survival at 3 years (P = .024). Patients who required parapharyngeal space dissection and those with metastatic neck disease had the poorest survival rates. The overall survival at 3 years was 72.4%.Conclusions:Mastoidectomy and temporal bone resection permit preservation of the facial nerve when oncologically safe; they may help to achieve negative margins, and they allow facial nerve grafting when nerve sacrifice is required. Despite the poor prognostic indicators of facial paralysis, recurrent tumors, and perineural invasion, a significant number of patients can be salvaged successfully when a temporal bone procedure is combined with parotidectomy.
The Effect of the Degree of Branching in Hyperbranched Polyesters Used as Reactive Modifiers in Epoxy Thermosets
Authors: Foix David , Khalyavina Anna , Morell Mireia , Voit Brigitte , Lederer Albena , Ramis Xavier , Serra Angels 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe effect of the degree of branching (DB) of a hyperbranched polyester (GBPEX) added as a modifier of new thermosets obtained from diglycidylether of bisphenol A has been studied. The use of ytterbium triflate as cationic initiator allows the hydroxyl chain‐ends in the GBPEX to become covalently linked to the matrix through the monomer activated propagation mechanism. The curing process has been studied by DSC and rheology. The DB of the modifier does not affect appreciably the thermal stability and the chemical reworkability but shrinkage exhibits a significant reduction on increasing the DB. Thermomechanical characteristics are also improved with increasing the DB of the modifier.magnified image
Self‐Assembly Pluronic and β‐Cyclodextrin to Hollow Nanospheres for Enhanced Gene Delivery
Authors: Fan Min‐Min , Zhang Xi , Qin Jie , Li Bang‐Jing , Sun Xun , Zhang Sheng 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis paper studies a kind of hollow nanospheres prepared by self‐assembly β‐cyclodextrins (β‐CDs) and poly(ethylene oxide)‐poly(propylene oxide)‐poly(ethylene oxide) (pluronic F127) for gene delivery. It was found that this kind of hollow nanospheres enable load PEI10K/DNA and the resulting F127NH2βCD/(PEI10K/DNA) with 0.08 µg/well DNA display equal or higher gene delivery capability compared to PEI10K/DNA with 1 µg/well DNA in the absence or presence of serum. The cytotoxicity of the nanospheres was over 100 times lower than that of PEI10K.magnified image
Adenoid cystic carcinomas constitute a genomically distinct subgroup of triple‐negative and basal‐like breast cancers
Authors: Wetterskog Daniel , Lopez‐Garcia Maria Angeles , Lambros Maryou B , A'Hern Roger , Geyer Felipe C , Milanezi Fernanda , Cabral Maria C , Natrajan Rachael , Gauthier Arnaud , Shiu Kai‐Keen , Orr Nicholas , Shousha Sami , Gatalica Zoran , Mackay Alan , Palacios Jose , Reis‐Filho Jorge S , Weigelt Britta 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAdenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) is a rare form of triple‐negative and basal‐like breast cancer that has an indolent clinical behaviour. Four breast AdCCs were recently shown to harbour the recurrent chromosomal translocation t(6;9)(q22–23;p23–24), which leads to the formation of the MYB–NFIB fusion gene. Our aims were (i) to determine the prevalence of the MYB–NFIB fusion gene in AdCCs of the breast; (ii) to characterize the gene copy number aberrations found in AdCCs; and (iii) to determine whether AdCCs are genomically distinct from histological grade‐matched or triple‐negative and basal‐like invasive ductal carcinomas of no special type (IDC‐NSTs). The presence of the MYB–NFIB fusion gene was investigated in 13 AdCCs of the breast by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and reverse transcriptase‐PCR (RT‐PCR), and MYB and BRCA1 RNA expression was determined by quantitative RT‐PCR. Fourteen AdCCs, 14 histological grade‐matched IDC‐NSTs, and 14 IDC‐NSTs of triple‐negative and basal‐like phenotype were microdissected and subjected to high‐resolution microarray‐based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). The MYB–NFIB fusion gene was detected in all but one AdCC. aCGH analysis demonstrated a relatively low number of copy number aberrations and a lack of recurrent amplifications in breast AdCCs. Contrary to grade‐matched IDC‐NSTs, AdCCs lacked 1q gains and 16q losses, and in contrast with basal‐like IDC‐NSTs, AdCCs displayed fewer gene copy number aberrations and expressed MYB and BRCA1 at significantly higher levels. Breast AdCCs constitute an entity distinct from grade‐matched and triple‐negative and basal‐like IDC‐NSTs, emphasizing the importance of histological subtyping of triple‐negative and basal‐like breast carcinomas. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The lack of knowledge about the voluntary reporting system of adverse drug reactions as a major cause of underreporting: direct survey among health professionals
Authors: Pérez García Mariley , Figueras Albert 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTBackgroundUnderreporting suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is one of the main problems that face the pharmacovigilance (PhV) systems based on yellow card schemes.ObjectivesTo measure the knowledge level on the suspected ADR voluntary reporting system among physicians and pharmacists in Venezuela and to study its relationship with different variables.MethodsA population‐based, anonymous, and self‐administered questionnaire was addressed to health professionals along the national territory of Venezuela. An algorithm was developed to classify the knowledge level on the voluntary reporting system.ResultsTaken as a whole, the level of knowledge on the voluntary reporting system was “poor.” Among the 515 participant physicians, 62.3% (95%CI = 58.0–66.5%) had a “poor” level of knowledge; PhV was associated with “control” of medicines use, and only 24.7% had ever reported a suspected ADR. “Medical specialty” was the only variable that showed a relationship with the knowledge level (p = 0.0041). Among the 78 participant pharmacists, 66.7% had a “poor” knowledge level (95%CI = 55.1–76.9%).ConclusionsThe knowledge level on the voluntary reporting system among physicians and pharmacists in Venezuela is poor. These results strengthen the hypothesis that being unaware of the adverse effects of medicines and not knowing the existence of a PhV system is a major cause of underreporting. A careful study of the actual knowledge of PhV could be the basis to set up interventions specifically designed to overcome misleading concepts and to improve the reporting rate at a national level. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The roles of shallow and deep levels in the recombination behavior of polycrystalline silicon on glass solar cells
Authors: Wong Johnson , Huang Jialiang , Varlamov Sergey , Green Martin A. , Keevers Mark 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTThe recombination current in polycrystalline silicon on glass solar cells can be modeled by the superposition of two processes, one which involves only shallow electronic levels and another which occurs via deep levels at charged extended defects. The former process is most likely linked to clean dislocations, whereas the latter may originate either from charged dislocations or grain boundaries. The consideration of both kinds of processes is necessary for an accurate description of the device behaviors of poly‐Si on glass solar cells over a wide range of dopant densities. The effects of varying the impurity and dislocation densities are also briefly discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrogenated amorphous silicon p–i–n solar cells deposited under well controlled ion bombardment using pulse‐shaped substrate biasing
Authors: Wank Michael A. , van Swaaij Rene , van de Sanden Richard , Zeman Miro 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTWe applied pulse‐shaped biasing (PSB) to the expanding thermal plasma deposition of intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous silicon layers at substrate temperatures of 200 °C and growth rates of about 1 nm/s. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of intrinsic films showed a densification with increasing deposited energy and a reduction in void content, whereas dual‐beam photoconductivity measurements showed an increase in Urbach energy above 4.8 eV/Si atom. From dark conductivity and photoconductivity measurements, we determined a maximum photoresponse of 2 × 106 at 3 eV/Si atom, which decreased at higher deposited energies because of a higher dark conductivity as a result of a lower band gap. p–i–n solar cells with PSB applied during the intrinsic layer deposition showed initial energy conversion efficiencies of 7.4% at around 1 eV/Si atom. Decreasing open‐circuit voltage at >1 eV/Si atom can be related to a lower band gap, whereas the short‐circuit current drops at >4.8 eV/Si atom, predominantly because of hole collection losses as determined from quantum efficiency measurements. The reduced fill factor for >1 eV/Si atom was presumably related to a decrease in mobility‐lifetime product because of an increase in defect density. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating value at risk and conditional value at risk for count variables
Authors: Göb Rainer 
Published: July 2011

AbstractRisk management and risk measures like value at risk and conditional value at risk originated in the financial and insurance industries. In recent years, the interest in risk management and risk measurement has spread over all industrial sectors. Finance and insurance applications focused on continuous data like financial return, profit or loss. In other contexts, e.g. in operational risk management, discrete count data are of like importance. The present study analyses theoretical and empirical aspects of the risk measures value at risk, tail conditional expectation, conditional value at risk under the binomial, negative binomial, and Poisson distribution. Particular emphasis is on interval estimation of the risk measures. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Job Stress and Coping: Self‐Employed versus Organizationally Employed Professionals
Authors: Oren Lior 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn order to examine job stress and coping among self‐employed and organizationally employed professionals, job‐related stressors and coping strategies were assessed among self‐employed (n = 149) and organizationally employed (n = 159) professionals working as accountants, lawyers, pharmacists and psychologists. Results indicate that although self‐employed workers complained about lack of security and organizationally employed workers complained about lack of autonomy, no differences were found in overall stress levels or overload. Examination of workers' coping strategies provided a partial explanation for these findings. Stress levels negatively correlated with active coping and positively correlated with passive/avoidance coping; self‐employed workers were found to cope by confronting problems, whereas organizationally employed workers were found to cope by avoiding them. These findings qualify previous research findings on self‐employed and organizationally employed workers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A New Insight to Interfacial Phenomena Occurring at Slag‐Metal Interfaces
Authors: Muhmood Luckman 
Published: July 2011

AbstractInterfacial dilatational modulus was evaluated for slag‐metal systems using oxygen and sulfur as tracers at 1823 K. The high values of the dilatational modulus (5–10 times that obtained for surfactant adsorption) was directly related to the higher change in apparent interfacial tension prevailing at the slag‐metal interface. The variation in the dilatational modulus was attributed to the non‐uniform distribution of surface active elements at the interface and also due to the varying surface pressure. Further, experiments were designed to estimate the surface shear viscosity. A relationship was established to find the surface/interfacial shear viscosity from the Newton's law of viscosity. The order of magnitude of the interfacial shear viscosity at the slag‐metal interface was estimated from the values obtained earlier for the interfacial velocity. The order of magnitude obtained for slag‐metal systems was roughly 10–100 times that usually occurring in colloidal systems. The same could be attributed to the high bulk viscosities of the individual phases in slag‐metal systems. The order of magnitude of the interfacial velocity was verified from the equation generated earlier by dimension analysis to be similar to those obtained from experiments.
Aberrant right subclavian artery: incidence and correlation with other markers of Down syndrome in second‐trimester fetuses
Authors: Paladini D. , Sglavo G. , Pastore G. , Masucci A. , D'Armiento M. R. , Nappi C. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the incidence of aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) and other strong markers of Down syndrome and their correlation in a large population of second‐trimester Down syndrome fetuses assessed in a tertiary referral center.MethodsPresence or absence of ARSA and other major ultrasound markers of Down syndrome was assessed in a population of 106 second‐trimester Down syndrome fetuses referred to our unit for expert assessment and/or termination of pregnancy after karyotyping performed for positive first‐ or second‐trimester screening or advanced maternal age or on maternal request. All cases in which the diagnosis of Down syndrome followed the ultrasound detection of major anomalies or soft markers were excluded from the study, as were all cases with a gestational age less than 14 + 0 weeks. We searched for the ARSA on the three vessels and trachea view using color or power Doppler. All fetuses underwent a thorough anatomic assessment and fetal echocardiography. The other Down syndrome markers assessed were: absent or hypoplastic nasal bone (NB−), defined as length < 5th centile; nuchal fold ≥ 5 mm; and mild pyelectasis (> 5 mm). In addition, the presence of major cardiac and extracardiac defects was recorded. A correlation analysis was then performed in order to investigate possible associations between markers and/or major anomalies. Postmortem or postnatal diagnostic confirmation was available in all cases.ResultsThe mean (SD) gestational age at ultrasound assessment was 20.4 (4.1) weeks. The incidence of the various variables in the population of Down syndrome fetuses was: ARSA, 25%; NB−, 43%; nuchal fold ≥ 5 mm, 16%; pyelectasis, 17%; major heart defects, 41%; atrioventricular septal defect, 25%; and extracardiac anomaly, 24%. The presence of ARSA did not correlate with any of the other variables. The only positive correlations (P < 0.05) were between NB− and pyelectasis, and between cardiac and extracardiac defects.ConclusionsThis represents the largest Down syndrome population assessed for ARSA. In this series, the incidence of ARSA was 25%, lower than previously reported in much smaller series. Its presence did not correlate with the presence of any other marker or major anomaly, including heart defects. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Synthetic Ligands of PPAR α, β/δ, γ, RAR, RXR and LXR on the Fatty Acid Composition of Phospholipids in Mice
Authors: Weiss Kathrin , Mihály Johanna , Liebisch Gerhard , Marosvölgyi Tamás , Schmitz Gerd , Decsi Tamás , Rühl Ralph 
Published: July 2011

AbstractNuclear hormone receptors are transcription factors that can be activated by nutrition‐derived ligands and alter the expression of various specific target genes. Stearoyl‐Coenzyme A desaturase (SCD1) converts palmitic acid (16:0) to palmitoleic acid (16:1n‐7) as well as stearic acid (18:0) to oleic acid (18:1n‐9). At the same time, elongase 6 (ELOVL6) elongates 16:1n‐7 and 18:1n‐9 to vaccenic acid (18:1n‐7) and eicosenoic acid (20:1n‐9). We examined how synthetic selective ligands of nuclear hormone receptors alter the gene expression of hepatic enzymes in mice. In addition, we examined how the regulation of these two enzymes influences fatty acid composition of phospholipids in liver and plasma. Mice were gavaged daily for 1 week with synthetic ligands of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) α, β/δ, γ, liver X receptor (LXR), retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid‐X receptor (RXR) for 1 week. Phospholipids from liver and plasma were analysed using ESI‐MS/MS and GC after saponification. Hepatic gene expression of SCD1 and ELOVL6 was measured using QRT‐PCR. SCD1 and ELOVL6 expression increased after the gavage of LXR and RXR ligands. The analysis of fatty acid composition of total phospholipids in plasma and liver showed increased percentage contributions of the SCD1 and ELOVL6 products 18:1n‐9, 18:1n‐7 and 20:1n‐9 after LXR and RXR ligand application. Analysis of total phospholipids from plasma and liver revealed a significant increase in monounsaturated fatty acids bound in phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) and lysophosphatidylcholine (PtdEtn) after LXR and RXR ligand administration. Increased hepatic gene expression of SCD1 and ELOVL6 after gavage of selective RXR or LXR ligands to mice resulted in increased concentrations of their metabolic products in phospholipids of liver and plasma.
Effect of Temperature and Time on the Stability of Salmon Skin Oil During Storage
Authors: Aryee Alberta N. A. , Simpson Benjamin K. , Phillip Leroy E. , Cue Roger I. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe effect of 45 days of storage at 25, 4, −18 and −80 °C on the quality indices; free fatty acid (FFA) content, peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and changes in the fatty acid (FA) profile of crude oil recovered from salmon fish skins were evaluated at 5 day intervals using spectrophotometric and titrimetric methods. Higher temperatures and longer storage time resulted in higher quantities of oxidative products in the salmon skin oil (SSO). By day 45, SSO stored at 25 and 4 °C had 8.50 and 8.29% FFA, 32.43 and 26.33 μg malondialdehyde (MDA) eq g−1 oil, and 88.19 and 64.53 mequiv peroxide kg−1 oil, respectively. No significant (p > 0.05) changes in fatty acid profile were observed at all the storage temperature and time studied.
Physiochemical Properties of Jatropha curcas Seed Oil from Different Origins and Candidate Plus Plants (CPPs)
Authors: Aminul Islam A. K. M. , Yaakob Z. , Anuar N. , Primandari S. R. P. , Osman M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe physicochemical properties of Jatropha seed oil from 9 geographical origins and 24 candidate plus plants (CPPs) were evaluated. The yield of seed oil obtained by Soxhlet extraction using n‐hexane as solvent varied from 40.0% (Malaysia) to 48.4% (Vietnam) among seeds from different origins and 32.1% (CPP‐17) to 48.8% (CPP‐01) (w/w) among CPPs. Density, specific gravity, and refractive index of oil showed very little differences among all the seed sources. Oil from Borneo had the highest free fatty acid (FFA) content (2.3%) and a South African sample had the lowest FFA (0.4%), as oleic acids. Seed oil of CPP‐13 had the highest FFA content (1.2%) and seed oil of CPP‐17 the lowest (0.3%). Most of the CPPs in this study had an FFA content of less than 1%. Jatropha seed oil of Philippine origin had the highest iodine value (187.3 mg/g oil) and seed oil from Borneo the lowest (83.5 mg/g oil). The lowest saponification values were obtained from seed oil of Philippine origin (189.5 mg KOH/g) and CPP‐22 (183.3 mg KOH/g oil) from Malaysia. The maximum higher heating value (40.3 MJ/kg) was obtained from seed oil from Borneo. The cetane numbers range from 25.4 (Indonesia) to 56.0 (Borneo) among the oils of base material and 46.4 (CPP‐15) to 53.7 (CPP‐06) among CPPs. This study gives basic information of relevance for biodiesel production using Jatropha seeds from various origins.
Building an integrated neurodegenerative disease database at an academic health center
Authors: Xie Sharon X. , Baek Young , Grossman Murray , Arnold Steven E. , Karlawish Jason , Siderowf Andrew , Hurtig Howard , Elman Lauren , McCluskey Leo , Van Deerlin Vivianna , Lee Virginia M.‐Y. , Trojanowski John Q. 
Published: July 2011

BackgroundIt is becoming increasingly important to study common and distinct etiologies, clinical and pathological features, and mechanisms related to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. These comparative studies rely on powerful database tools to quickly generate data sets that match diverse and complementary criteria set by them.MethodsIn this article, we present a novel integrated neurodegenerative disease (INDD) database, which was developed at the University of Pennsylvania (Penn) with the help of a consortium of Penn investigators. Because the work of these investigators are based on Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and frontotemporal lobar degeneration, it allowed us to achieve the goal of developing an INDD database for these major neurodegenerative disorders. We used the Microsoft SQL server as a platform, with built‐in “backwards” functionality to provide Access as a frontend client to interface with the database. We used PHP Hypertext Preprocessor to create the “frontend” web interface and then used a master lookup table to integrate individual neurodegenerative disease databases. We also present methods of data entry, database security, database backups, and database audit trails for this INDD database.ResultsUsing the INDD database, we compared the results of a biomarker study with those using an alternative approach by querying individual databases separately.ConclusionsWe have demonstrated that the Penn INDD database has the ability to query multiple database tables from a single console with high accuracy and reliability. The INDD database provides a powerful tool for generating data sets in comparative studies on several neurodegenerative diseases.