bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OPIUS LECTUS AND O. ALLOEUS (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE), LARVAL PARASITES OF THE APPLE MAGGOT, RHAGOLETIS POMONELLA (DIPTERA: TRYPETIDAE), IN QUEBEC
Authors: Rivard I. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTwo braconids, Opius lectus Gah. and O. alloeus Mues., are being reported for the first time in Quebec as parasites of the apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh).
OLFACTORY RESPONSES OF HYLASTES NIGRINUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) TO VARIOUS HOST MATERIALS
Authors: Rudinsky J. A. , Zethner-Møller O. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractHylastes nigrinus (Mann.) is attracted to, and breeds in, the roots of both cut and beetle-killed Douglas-fir trees; the latter are preferred. The beetles reach the roots by digging through the soil. Bark samples taken from trees of various physiological condition and placed in field olfactometers showed that the beetle prefers the bark of insect-killed trees, although bark taken from healthy Douglas-firs became attractive after some time. Among the various terpenes tested, α-pinene and β-pinene were most attractive, in addition to Douglas-fir resin itself.
A REVIEW OF THE GENUS CACTOPINUS, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES AND A NEW GENUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Bright Donald E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe bark-beetle genus Cactopinus, containing seven species, is reviewed. Distributional data, biological notes, a discussion of each species, and a key for the separation of all species are included. New species are: C. desertus (California) and C. depressus (San Luis Potosi, Mexico). C. cactophthorus Wood and C. mexicanus Wood are placed in a new genus, Cactopinorus.
WEIGHT AND DEVELOPMENT TIME OF DIFFERENT STADIA OF MOSQUITOES REARED AT VARIOUS CONSTANT TEMPERATURES
Authors: Brust R. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDevelopment time decreased with each increase in rearing temperature in Aedes vexans, A. nigromaculis, and Culiseta inornata until the optimum survival temperature was reached. The optimum survival temperature for A. vexans was 26.5 °C, for A. nigromaculis 21 °C, and for C. inornata 21 °C. Dry weight gain per hour in female larvae was greater than in male larvae in all three species, at all temperatures. There was a significant reduction in weight in each larval instar, pupal, and adult stage, with each 5.5 °C increase in rearing temperature. Times to larval–pupal ecdysis and pupal–adult ecdysis were the same for males and females of A. nigromaculis at all developmental temperatures tested. Time to larval–pupal ecdysis and pupal–adult ecdysis in A. vexans and C. inornata occurred 1 to several days later in females, depending upon the developmental temperature. In all three species the duration of the fourth instar was longest and the specific weight gain greatest.
Cumulative Systolic Blood Pressure and Incident Stroke Type Variation by Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Johnson Kimson E. , Li Hanyu , Zhang Min , Springer Mellanie V. , Galecki Andrzej T. , Whitney Rachael T. , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Hayward Rodney A. , Sidney Stephen , Elkind Mitchell S. V. , Longstreth W. T. , Heckbert Susan R. , Gerber Yariv , Sullivan Kevin J. , Levine Deborah A. 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceStroke risk varies by systolic blood pressure (SBP), race, and ethnicity. The association between cumulative mean SBP and incident stroke type is unclear, and whether this association differs by race and ethnicity remains unknown.ObjectiveTo examine the association between cumulative mean SBP and first incident stroke among 3 major stroke types—ischemic stroke (IS), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)—and explore how these associations vary by race and ethnicity.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIndividual participant data from 6 US longitudinal cohorts (January 1, 1971, to December 31, 2019) were pooled. The analysis was performed from January 1, 2022, to January 2, 2024. The median follow-up was 21.6 (IQR, 13.6-31.8) years.ExposureTime-dependent cumulative mean SBP.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was time from baseline visit to first incident stroke. Secondary outcomes consisted of time to first incident IS, ICH, and SAH.ResultsAmong 40 016 participants, 38 167 who were 18 years or older at baseline with no history of stroke and at least 1 SBP measurement before the first incident stroke were included in the analysis. Of these, 54.0% were women; 25.0% were Black, 8.9% were Hispanic of any race, and 66.2% were White. The mean (SD) age at baseline was 53.4 (17.0) years and the mean (SD) SBP at baseline was 136.9 (20.4) mm Hg. A 10–mm Hg higher cumulative mean SBP was associated with a higher risk of overall stroke (hazard ratio [HR], 1.20 [95% CI, 1.18-1.23]), IS (HR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.17-1.22]), and ICH (HR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.25-1.38]) but not SAH (HR, 1.13 [95% CI, 0.99-1.29]; P = .06). Compared with White participants, Black participants had a higher risk of IS (HR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.09-1.33]) and ICH (HR, 1.67 [95% CI, 1.30-2.13]) and Hispanic participants of any race had a higher risk of SAH (HR, 3.81 [95% CI, 1.29-11.22]). There was no consistent evidence that race and ethnicity modified the association of cumulative mean SBP with first incident stroke and stroke type.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cohort study suggest that cumulative mean SBP was associated with incident stroke type, but the associations did not differ by race and ethnicity. Culturally informed stroke prevention programs should address modifiable risk factors such as SBP along with social determinants of health and structural inequities in society.
Estimated Prevalence of Resident-to-Resident Aggression in Assisted Living
Authors: Pillemer Karl , Teresi Jeanne A. , Ramirez Mildred , Eimicke Joseph , Silver Stephanie , Boratgis Gabriel , Meador Rhoda , Schultz Leslie , Kong Jian , Ocepek-Welikson Katja , Chang E-Shien , Lachs Mark S. 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceResident-to-resident aggression in assisted living facilities can result in physical and psychological harm, but its prevalence is unknown.ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of resident-to-resident aggression, including physical, verbal, and sexual, among residents in assisted living facilities.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis study used cross-sectional, observational data from a clinical trial, in which residents of assisted living facilities were monitored for events over a 1-month period. All residents of 14 large facilities randomly selected from 2 geographic locations (N = 1067), except those receiving hospice care (n = 11), were invited to participate; 93 died or moved prior to enrollment. There were 33 family and resident refusals; 930 residents were enrolled. Data were collected between May 30, 2018, and August 11, 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe data are from a clinical trial testing the effectiveness of an intervention to reduce resident-to-resident aggression. In addition, the study was designed to assess prevalence using the Time 1 (baseline) data, using a probability sample of facilities to allow for this analysis. Resident-to-resident aggression was identified using a mixed-method, case-finding strategy involving 6 sources: (1) cognitively capable resident reports regarding 22 possible events, (2) direct care staff report, (3) staff member reports collected from event-reporting forms, (4) research assistant observation of events in real time, (5) facility accident or incident reports, and (6) resident records.ResultsThe prevalence of resident-to-resident aggression among the 930 participants (mean [SD] age, 88.0 [7.2] years; 738 women [79.4%]) during the past month was estimated to be 15.2% (141 of 930 residents; 95% CI, 12.1%-18.8%). The most common forms of aggression included verbal (11.2% [104 of 930 residents; 95% CI, 8.8%-14.2%]), physical (41 of 930 residents; 4.4% [95% CI, 3.1%-6.3%]), sexual (0.8% [7 of 930 residents; 95% CI, 0.4%-1.6%]), and other (70 of 930 residents; 7.5% [95% CI, 5.5%-10.2%]). These categories are not mutually exclusive as residents could be involved with more than 1 type of aggressive behavior.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional, observational prevalence study, resident-to-resident aggression in assisted living facilities was highly prevalent. Verbal aggression was the most common form, and physical aggression also occurred frequently. The effects of resident-to-resident aggression can be both morbid and mortal; therefore, intervention research is needed to prevent it and to treat it when it occurs.
Ligand‐to‐Metal Charge Transfer Motivated the Whole‐Voltage‐Range Anionic Redox in P2‐Type Layered Oxide Cathodes
Authors: Tang Anchun , Zhao Ruixuan , Wu Yuan , Wan Chubin , Li Zhengyao , Meng Xianhe , Sun Kai , Li Ruikai , Zhang Hexiang , Chen Dongfeng , Ju Xin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAnionic redox in layered transition metal oxides (TMOs) cathodes presents significant opportunities for achieving high energy density batteries. However, the O 2p non‐bonding state can only undergo redox at high voltages and is often accompanied by severe structural distortion. In this study, the whole‐voltage‐range anionic redox has successfully been achieved in Metal‐organic frameworks (MOF) derived chemically homogeneous P2‐Na0.67Ni0.2Mg0.2Mn0.6O2 (NNMMO). Through a systematic analysis of the orbital combinations of TMs and O, it is found that the Mg‐induced O 2p non‐bonding state as an electron donor, forming strong π‐type interactions between Ni 3d spin‐down t2g orbitals. The resulting π‐configurational oxygen occupies an anti‐bonding state just below the Fermi level, exhibiting high oxidation activity and stability. Additionally, the high covalency between Mn and O increases the strength of the Mn–O bond, mitigating the structural aberration of NNMMO. As a result, NNMMO demonstrates a high capacity of 216 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and stable battery performance, with a capacity retention of ≈90% after 500 cycles at 2 C. This π‐type anionic redox and intrinsic competition mechanism present an alternative strategy for achieving advanced cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries.
Modulation of Unregulated Inflammation‐Associated Coagulopathy in Sepsis Using Multifunctional Nanosheets
Authors: Xiao Yongqiang , Fang He , Wang Xin , Liu Ming , Shen Tuo , Zhang Mei , Xia Zhaofan , Leong Kam W. , Ma Duan , Ma Jing , Tu Zhaoxu , Zhang Tianyu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractExcessive inflammation‐associated unregulated coagulation leads to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and mortality in patients with sepsis worldwide, and current clinical treatment is unsatisfactory. Recent studies have shown that circulating cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), act as potent pro‐inflammation and pro‐coagulation agents, revealing a mechanistic link between innate immunity and coagulation. After establishing a definite correlation between cfDNA and dysfunctional inflammation and coagulation disorders in samples from patients with sepsis, a novel 2D, sheet‐like, cationic cfDNA scavenger using polyamidoamine (P‐G1) and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) covered with black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets, called BP‐G1AMP, are fabricated. It is found that BP‐G1AMP significantly suppressed bacterial growth and ameliorated the systemic inflammatory response, associated coagulation disorder, and DIC, resulting in improved survival in a cecal ligation puncture (CLP) mouse sepsis model. This study proposes a novel strategy for fabricating multifunctional nanosheets that can ameliorate inflammation‐associated coagulation during sepsis treatment. These findings demonstrate the importance of 2D nanostructures in the construction of multivalent anti‐bacterial and anti‐coagulation nanoplatforms.
Oriented‐Electrochemical Etching of Zn Crystal Edges in Deep Eutectic Solvent for Enhancing Stability and Reversibility of Zn Anodes
Authors: Nie Wei , Tian Feng , Zhang Le , Chang Linhui , Sun Qiangchao , Duan Tong , Lu Xionggang , Cheng Hongwei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMetal Zn anode encounters uncontrolled dendrite growth, resulting in poor cycling stability and low coulombic efficiency (CE). Herein, a novel approach for oriented‐electrochemical etching of Zn (ECE‐Zn) in deep eutectic solvent (DES) is presented to adjust the interface concentration and electric fields, effectively mitigating intractable issues. The oriented etches off the crystal edges between the (002), (100), and (101) principal crystal planes of commercial Zn foil, subsequently etches the (100) and (101) crystal planes, resulting in the formation well‐organized Zn columns. Comprehensive experimental investigations and theoretical analyses reveal that Zn ions directionally nucleate and grow between Zn columns, enabling epitaxial growth at the (002) crystal plane. The ECE‐Zn‐2 anodes demonstrate remarkable stability, along with low nucleation and polarization voltages. Specifically, the symmetric ECE‐Zn‐2 cells show sustained operation for 5400 h, and long‐term 10 000 cycles at 40 mA cm−2. More significantly, the asymmetric cells exhibit an average CE as high as 99.92% over 6000 cycles at 5.0 mA cm−2. When assembled with a V2O5 cathode, a high retention of 81.5% can be maintained even under severe condition (N/P ratio of 7.35). This strategy of oriented‐electrochemical etching for commercial Zn opens up a new pathway for dendrite‐free Zn metal anode.
Circularly Polarized Photoluminescence in Chiral Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Manganese Halide Perovskites: From Bulk Materials to Exfoliated Flakes
Authors: Asensio Yaiza , Bahmani Jalali Houman , Marras Sergio , Gobbi Marco , Casanova Fèlix , Mateo‐Alonso Aurelio , Di Stasio Francesco , Rivilla Ivan , Hueso Luis E. , Martín‐García Beatriz 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLayered hybrid organic–inorganic metal‐halide perovskites (HOIPs) can acquire chirality from molecules incorporated into their structure showing exciting possibilities in optoelectronics and spintronics. However, researchers have focused their attention on the study of bulk compounds, namely unstable and toxic Pb HOIPs. Herein, the chiroptical properties of R‐ and S‐β‐methylphenethylammonium Mn chloride HOIPs are reported in both the bulk and the few‐layer limit as exfoliated flakes. Red photoluminescence (PL) emission originating from the octahedrally coordinated Mn2+ is observed, with a PL shift to longer wavelengths when passing from bulk to flakes. Circular dichroism and circularly polarized PL mirrored‐signals for enantiomers are found in bulk samples, while in flakes, a degree of circularly polarized emission (P) of up to 17% at 80 K is achieved, comparable to Pb‐based HOIPs. Moreover, angle‐resolved PL measurements on flakes show that the PL emission and P are isotropic. These findings highlight the potential of these HOIPs from bulk to flakes for spin‐optoelectronic applications.
Highly efficient organic light‐emitting diodes and light‐emitting electrochemical cells employing multiresonant thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitters with bulky donor or acceptor peripheral groups
Authors: Wang Jingxiang , Hafeez Hassan , Tang Shi , Matulaitis Tomas , Edman Ludvig , Samuel Ifor D. W. , Zysman‐Colman Eli 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMultiresonant thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) emitters have been the focus of extensive design efforts as they are recognized to show bright, narrowband emission, which makes them very appealing for display applications. However, the planar geometry and relatively large singlet–triplet energy gap lead to, respectively, severe aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) and slow reverse intersystem crossing (RISC). Here, a design strategy is proposed to address both issues. Two MR‐TADF emitters triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO)‐tBu‐DiKTa and triphenylamine (TPA)‐tBu‐DiKTa have been synthesized. Twisted ortho‐substituted groups help increase the intermolecular distance and largely suppress the ACQ. In addition, the contributions from intermolecular charge transfer states in the case of TPA‐tBu‐DiKTa help to accelerate RISC. The organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) with TPPO‐tBu‐DiKTa and TPA‐tBu‐DiKTa exhibit high maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEmax) of 24.4% and 31.0%, respectively. Notably, the device with 25 wt% TPA‐tBu‐DiKTa showed both high EQEmax of 28.0% and reduced efficiency roll‐off (19.9% EQE at 1000 cd m−2) compared to the device with 5 wt% emitter (31.0% EQEmax and 11.0% EQE at 1000 cd m−2). The new emitters were also introduced into single‐layer light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs), equipped with air‐stable electrodes. The LEC containing TPA‐tBu‐DiKTa dispersed at 0.5 wt% in a matrix comprising a mobility‐balanced blend‐host and an ionic liquid electrolyte delivered blue luminance with an EQEmax of 2.6% at 425 cd m−2. The high efficiencies of the OLEDs and LECs with TPA‐tBu‐DiKTa illustrate the potential for improving device performance when the DiKTa core is decorated with twisted bulky donors.
A pilot study comparing the initial clinical response to different proton pump inhibitors within first week in treating erosive esophagitis
Authors: Liao Min‐Kai , Lin Tsung‐Jung , Lee Hsi‐Chang , Lin Chih‐Lin , Chen Kuan‐Yang , Wu Deng‐Chyang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) characterized by heartburn and/or acid regurgitation symptoms is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders. The rapid onset of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to improve annoying symptom is an essential need in treating GERD. There was no report about the short‐term clinical effects comparing lansoprazole 30 mg to rabeprazole 20 mg. This pilot study was designed to compare the initial one‐week clinical response of the two drugs in GERD with erosive esophagitis. Total 44 patients with GERD were enrolled in this study and randomized into two groups. The patients had the symptoms of acid regurgitation, heartburn, or feeling of acidity in the stomach and erosive esophagitis proven by endoscopy. They respectively received once‐daily dose of lansoprazole 30 mg (n = 23) and rabeprazole 20 mg (n = 21) for treatment of GERD. The primary end point was complete symptom resolution (CSR). The CSR rate was evaluated by questionnaire including acid regurgitation, heartburn sensation and epigastric pain at day 1, 3 and 7. Two patients in the arm of rabeprazole had poor compliance of drugs and were excluded from analysis. The final patient numbers were 23 in the arm of lansoprazole and 19 in rabeprazole. The baseline characteristics of two groups were similar in age, gender, body mass index (BMI), Helicobacter pylori infection, GERD severity, smoking, alcohol, coffee, spicy, sweet food and laboratory data. The ingestion of tea was the only one variable with significant difference between the two groups (65.2% and 31.58%, p = .03). At day 1, 3 and 7, the CSR rate of lansoprazole and rabeprazole were 21.74% and 26.32% (p = 1.000), 34.78% and 31.58% (p = .827), 47.83% and 47.37% (p = .976), respectively. The other clinical factors, including age, gender, BMI, Helicobacter pylori infection, smoking, alcohol, coffee, tea, spicy, sweet food and laboratory data, have also no significant influence on CSR rates at day 1, 3, 7. However, the patients with GERD C and D had significantly higher CSR rate than patients with GERD A and B at day 1 and 7 (CSR rate at day 1: 50.00% vs. 15.63, p = .040; day 3: 60.00% vs. 25.00%, p = .059; day 7: 90.00% vs. 34.38%, p = .003). In multivariate regression analysis, the patients with GERD C and D still had significantly higher CSR rate than patients with GERD A and B at day 7 (Odds ratio: 28.27, 95% CI: 2.10–380.03, p = .012). The CSR rates between lansoprazole group and rabeprazole group at day 1, 3, 7 were not significantly different, so the difference of PPIs did not play the role on the initial clinical response within 1 week for the erosive GERD patients. However, the patients with more severe erosive GERD on endoscopy had higher CSR rate at day 7.
Fluorinated Surface Engineering Towards High‐Rate and Durable Potassium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Zhang Xixue , Wu Feng , Fang Difan , Chen Renjie , Li Li 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSolid electrolyte interphase (SEI) crucially affects the rate performance and cycling lifespan, yet to date more extensive research is still needed in potassium‐ion batteries. We report an ultra‐thin and KF‐enriched SEI triggered by tuned fluorinated surface design in electrode. Our results reveal that fluorination engineering alters the interfacial chemical environment to facilitate inherited electronic conductivity, enhance adsorption ability of potassium, induce localized surface polarization to guide electrolyte decomposition behavior for SEI formation, and especially, enrich the KF crystals in SEI by self‐sacrifice from C−F bond cleavage. Hence, the regulated fluorinated electrode with generated ultra‐thin, uniform, and KF‐enriched SEI shows improved capacity of 439.3 mAh g−1 (3.82 mAh cm−2), boosted rate performance (202.3 mAh g−1 at 8.70 mA cm−2) and durable cycling performance (even under high loading of ~8.7 mg cm−2). We expect this practical engineering principle to open up new opportunities for upgrading the development of potassium‐ion batteries.
Experimental study on the effect of circulating liquid velocity on bubble size distribution and turbulence characteristic in an external loop airlift reactor
Authors: Lu Xia , Lu Xiuqing , Yang Kai , Zheng Xiaotao , Wang Shixian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe influence of circulating liquid velocity on bubble size distribution (BSD) and turbulence characteristics of an external loop airlift reactor was studied in this paper. The instantaneous and time‐averaged velocity in the riser were studied using particle image velocimetry (PIV), and BSDs were measured by digital image analysis technique based on machine learning. Then turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) and energy dissipation rate (EDR) were calculated through the velocity field. The results indicate that as the circulating liquid velocity increased, the peak value of BSD rapidly decreased from nearly 6 mm to approximately 2 mm. The radial velocity of the liquid gradually decreased and changed direction, eventually increasing again. TKE first decreased and then increased. Compared with bubble flow with a BSD peak of 2–6 mm, bubble flow with a BSD peak of 2 mm had larger TKE. The radial movement of bubbles had great influence on the turbulence characteristics. This study demonstrates that selecting an appropriate circulating liquid velocity can reduce the diameter of bubbles while obtaining greater TKE, thereby improving the mass transfer and reaction efficiency in external loop airlift reactors (EL‐ALR).
Plasticity mechanisms of genetically distinct Purkinje cells
Authors: Voerman Stijn , Broersen Robin , Swagemakers Sigrid M. A. , De Zeeuw Chris I. , van der Spek Peter J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDespite its uniform appearance, the cerebellar cortex is highly heterogeneous in terms of structure, genetics and physiology. Purkinje cells (PCs), the principal and sole output neurons of the cerebellar cortex, can be categorized into multiple populations that differentially express molecular markers and display distinctive physiological features. Such features include action potential rate, but also their propensity for synaptic and intrinsic plasticity. However, the precise molecular and genetic factors that correlate with the differential physiological properties of PCs remain elusive. In this article, we provide a detailed overview of the cellular mechanisms that regulate PC activity and plasticity. We further perform a pathway analysis to highlight how molecular characteristics of specific PC populations may influence their physiology and plasticity mechanisms.