bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Submission to Canada’s public engagement on the 2035 greenhouse gas emissions reduction target
Authors: Campbell-Duruflé Christopher 
Published: April 2024

<p>Canada has a long record of failing to achieve its international climate commitments. These include the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) collective goal of returning to 1990 levels of greenhouse gas emissions by 2000, Canada’s legally binding Kyoto Protocol target of 6% under 1990 levels by 2012, and its political target announced at the Copenhagen conference of achieving a 17% reduction in emissions from 2005 levels by 2020. Rather, national emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) rose 21% between 1990 and 2020, from 602 to 730 megatons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MtCO2e) per year.1 </p>
<p>The ongoing public engagement on the 2035 greenhouse gas emissions reduction target offers a momentous opportunity to that Canadian society cannot afford to ignore if it is ever going to close the gap between its international commitments and its actions. Building on my research at Toronto Metropolitan University as member of the International Law & Global Justice Initiative (ILGJ), my previous post-doctoral research at the Cambridge Centre for Environment, Energy and Natural Resource Governance (C-EENRG) and a recent piece that I published in The Conversation, I would like to provide the following three submissions to your consultation. </p>
<p><em><strong>March 27th, 2024</strong></em></p>
تأثير منهج تدريبـي وفق التحليل الفسيولوجي في القوة المميزة بالسرعة للرجلين وللذراعين ومهارة الضرب الساحق لدى لاعبات الكرة الطائرة
Authors: Randy Matty Avram  , Prof. Dr. Safaa El-Din Taha Al-Hajjar  
Published: April 2024

الملخص
أن اداء مهارة الضرب الساحق يتطلب قوة الأنفجارية وبحركات متكررة ويعتمد ادائها على الجهد اللاهوائي لنظام الطاقة، وخصوصا نظام الأول حيث يذكر ابو العلاء أن نسبة مساهمة النظام الفوسفاتي وحامض اللاكتيك لفعالية الكرة الطائرة هو 80%.
وتهدف الدراسة الى اعداد منهج تدريبـي قائم على أسس التحليل الفسيولوجي للاعبات الكرة الطائرة والتعرف على الفروق الأحصائية بين الأختبارين القبلي والبعدي للقوة المميزة بالسرعة للرجلين وللذراعين ومهارة الضرب الساحق للمجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة ، والتعرف على الفروق الإحصائية بين المجموعة التجريبية والضابطة للقوة المميزة بالسرعة للرجلين وللذراعين ومهارة الضرب الساحق في الأختبارات البعدية.
وحددت مجتمع البحث بالطريقة العمدية من اللاعبات نادي اكاد عنكاوا الرياضي بالكرة الطائرة للسيدات والبالغ عددهم ( 24 ) لاعبة ، اما عينة البحث تم اختيار أفضل (12) لاعبة ضاربة العالي .
ولقد استنتج الباحث أن المنهج التدريبـي وفق التحليل الفسيولوجي الذي طبق على اللاعبات الضاربات العالي من ضمن المجموعة التجريبية أحدثت تطورا ملحوظا في القدرات البدنية قيد البحث وهي (للقوة المميزة بالسرعة للرجلين وللذراعين) والذي اثرت ايجابيا على تطوير دقة اداء مهارة الضرب الساحق.
Exploring part of speech (pos) tag sequences in a large-scale learner corpus of L2 English: a developmental perspective
Authors: Lim Joyce Dong Ok , Mark Geraldine , Pérez-Paredes Pascual , O’Keeffe Anne 
Published: April 2024

This research explores the pos tag sequences that shape the transition from upper intermediate (B2 cefr) to near-native proficiency (C2 cefr) in a corpus of essays ( n=32,410) from the Cambridge Learner Corpus. Gilquin (2018) and others have shown that pos tag sequences offer a holistic approach to extracting the most commonly used patterns without a starting point of an a priori set of words and word sequences. Using corpus linguistics informed by usage-based theories of language learning, this paper examines the frequency and distribution of 4-slot pos-tag sequences in L2 English writing, drawing on the taxonomy of pattern grammar ( Francis et al., 1996 , 1998 ; and Hunston and Francis, 2000 ). Findings point to the presence of both core and emergent pos-tag sequences in learner language in the two proficiency levels analysed. These sequences point to the presence of dynamic language restructuring processes as learners become more proficient and re-evaluate their understanding of frequency and distribution in English. This paper shows evidence of how language competence increases with proficiency. The research offers new evidence in our understanding of the development of L2 writing in efl contexts.
Hongos endófitos aislados de Manilkara zapota y su actividad antibacteriana y antifúngica
Authors: Navarro-de-la-Fuente Laura , Salinas-Castro Alejandro , Trigos Ángel 
Published: April 2024

Antecedentes: Los hongos endófitos aislados de plantas medicinales son una fuente importante de metabolitos secundarios con potencial biotecnológico.
Objetivos: Identificar los hongos presentes en hojas y frutos de Manilkara zapota y evaluar la actividad antimicrobiana de sus extractos.
Métodos: Se aislaron hongos endófitos de frutos y hojas de M. zapota y se cultivaron en medios de cultivo. Se evaluaron extractos crudos, obtenidos con una mezcla 1:1 de clorofomo-metanol, en ensayos de actividad antibacteriana con microorganismos patógenos. La concentración mínima inhibitoria, bactericida y el porcentaje de inhibición de crecimiento con bacterias patógenas, así como el porcentaje de inhibición fúngica frente a hongos fitopatógenos, fue evaluado para el extracto que arrojó la mayor actividad antibacteriana.
Resultados y conclusiones: Se obtuvieron 20 aislados y se identificaron nueve géneros de hongos endófitos en M. zapota: Curvularia, Daldinia, Diaporthe, Epicoccum, Geotrichum, Neopestalotiopsis, Pestalotiopsis, Sistotrema y Stereum. El extracto de la biomasa de Curvularia sp. CIMA-116B mostró los mejores resultados de actividad antibacteriana, presentó actividad inhibitoria con Clavibacter michiganensis, Enterococcus faecalis y Escherichia coli y baja actividad antifúngica con Colletotrichum musae, Lasiodiplodia theobromae y Fusarium solani. Estos resultados evidencian la importancia de los hongos endófitos como productores de metabolitos bioactivos con actividad antimicrobiana.
A sensitivity indicator screening and intelligent classification method for the diagnosis of T2D-CHD
Authors: Li Jiarui , Ying Changjiang 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundThe prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) and its significant role in increasing Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) risk highlights the urgent need for effective CHD screening within this population. Despite current advancements in T2D management, the complexity of cardiovascular complications persists. Our study aims to develop a comprehensive CHD screening model for T2D patients, employing multimodal data to improve early detection and management, addressing a critical gap in clinical practice.MethodsWe analyzed data from 699 patients, including 471 with CHD (221 of these also had T2D) and a control group of 228 without CHD. Employing strict diagnostic criteria, we conducted significance testing and multivariate analysis to identify key indicators for T2D-CHD diagnosis. This led to the creation of a neural network model using 21 indicators and a logistic regression model based on an 8-indicator subset. External validation was performed with an independent dataset from an additional 212 patients to confirm the models’ generalizability.ResultsThe neural network model achieved an accuracy of 90.7%, recall of 90.78%, precision of 90.83%, and an F-1 score of 0.908. The logistic regression model demonstrated an accuracy of 90.13%, recall of 90.1%, precision of 90.22%, and an F-1 score of 0.9016. External validation reinforced the models’ reliability and effectiveness in broader clinical settings.ConclusionOur AI-driven diagnostic models significantly enhance early CHD detection and management in T2D patients, offering a novel, efficient approach to addressing the complex interplay between these conditions. By leveraging advanced analytics and comprehensive patient data, we present a scalable solution for improving clinical outcomes in this high-risk population, potentially setting a new standard in personalized care and preventative medicine.
Patenting for profitability: green energy innovations and firm performance in BRICS countries
Authors: Makeeva Elena , Popov Konstantin , Teplova Olga 
Published: April 2024

Introduction:Despite the significant advancements in renewable energy technologies, the current energy system remains heavily reliant on fossil fuels. However, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that the proliferation of “green” patents is contributing to the transition towards a more sustainable energy future, with important implications for both environmental sustainability and corporate financial performance.Methods:Utilizing panel data sourced from 63 of the most prominent energy sector companies within the BRICS countries during the period between 2011 and 2020, we conducted a comprehensive analysis with the objective of uncovering the distinct impacts of various types of patents in renewable energy technologies on the firm’s financial performance indicators (ROA, ROIC, and market capitalization) by using multiple regression modeling.Results:The feasible generalized least squares estimations reveal that higher CO2 emissions correlate with lower return on assets, ROIC, and market capitalization of energy companies, significant at the 5% level. Additionally, while renewable energy technologies (Y02E10) did not impact ROA, they contributed significantly to ROIC at the 1% level. Combustion technologies with mitigation potential (Y02E20) positively influence all financial performance indicators, and nuclear energy technologies (Y02E30) significantly contribute to both ROA and ROIC at the 10% level.Discussion:Our research demonstrates that technological advancements in national economies are not consistent and that disparities exist in specific data segments. Advancements are observed in certain areas, highlighting the significance of national legislation in promoting green finance and renewable energy development. This emphasizes the need for BRICS countries to prioritize renewable energy technologies and adopt legislative initiatives from developed nations as a model for achieving clean technological growth and renewable energy targets.
MelSPPNET—A self-explainable recognition model for emerald ash borer vibrational signals
Authors: Jiang Weizheng , Chen Zhibo , Zhang Haiyan , Li Juhu 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionThis study aims to achieve early and reliable monitoring of wood-boring pests, which are often highly concealed, have long lag times, and cause significant damage to forests. Specifically, the research focuses on the larval feeding vibration signal of the emerald ash borer as a representative pest. Given the crucial importance of such pest monitoring for the protection of forestry resources, developing a method that can accurately identify and interpret their vibration signals is paramount.MethodsWe introduce MelSPPNET, a self-explaining model designed to extract prototypes from input vibration signals and obtain the most representative audio segments as the basis for model recognition. The study collected feeding vibration signals of emerald ash borer larvae using detectors, along with typical outdoor noises. The design of MelSPPNET considers both model accuracy and interpretability.ResultsExperimental results demonstrate that MelSPPNET compares favorably in accuracy with its similar non-interpretable counterparts, while providing interpretability that these networks lack. To evaluate the interpretability of the case-based self-explaining model, we designed an interpretability evaluation metric and proved that MelSPPNET exhibits good interpretability. This provides accurate and reliable technical support for the identification of emerald ash borer larvae.DiscussionWhile the work in this study is limited to one pest type, future experiments will focus on the applicability of this network in identifying other vibration signals. With further research and optimization, MelSPPNET has the potential to provide broader and deeper pest monitoring solutions for forestry resource protection. Additionally, this study demonstrates the potential of self-explaining models in the field of signal processing, offering new ideas and methods for addressing similar problems.
Targeting CEACAM5-positive solid tumors using NILK-2401, a novel CEACAM5xCD47 κλ bispecific antibody
Authors: Seckinger Anja , Buatois Vanessa , Moine Valéry , Daubeuf Bruno , Richard Françoise , Chatel Laurence , Viandier Alizée , Bosson Nicolas , Rousset Emeline , Masternak Krzysztof , Salgado-Pires Susana , Batista Claudia , Mougin Christelle , Juan-Bégeot Flora , Poitevin Yves , Hose Dirk 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundBlocking the CD47 “don’t eat me”-signal on tumor cells with monoclonal antibodies or fusion proteins has shown limited clinical activity in hematologic malignancies and solid tumors thus far. Main side effects are associated with non-tumor targeted binding to CD47 particularly on blood cells.MethodsWe present here the generation and preclinical development of NILK-2401, a CEACAM5×CD47 bispecific antibody (BsAb) composed of a common heavy chain and two different light chains, one kappa and one lambda, determining specificity (so-called κλ body format).ResultsNILK-2401 is a fully human BsAb binding the CEACAM5 N-terminal domain on tumor cells by its lambda light chain arm with an affinity of ≈4 nM and CD47 with its kappa chain arm with an intendedly low affinity of ≈500 nM to enabling tumor-specific blockade of the CD47-SIRPα interaction. For increased activity, NILK-2401 features a functional IgG1 Fc-part. NILK-2401 eliminates CEACAM5-positive tumor cell lines (3/3 colorectal, 2/2 gastric, 2/2 lung) with EC50 for antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity ranging from 0.38 to 25.84 nM and 0.04 to 0.25 nM, respectively. NILK-2401 binds neither CD47-positive/CEACAM5-negative cell lines nor primary epithelial cells. No erythrophagocytosis or platelet activation is observed. Quantification of the pre-existing NILK-2401-reactive T-cell repertoire in the blood of 14 healthy donors with diverse HLA molecules shows a low immunogenic potential. In vivo, NILK-2401 significantly delayed tumor growth in a NOD-SCID colon cancer model and a syngeneic mouse model using human CD47/human SIRPα transgenic mice and prolonged survival. In cynomolgus monkeys, single doses of 0.5 and 20 mg/kg were well tolerated; PK linked to anti-CD47 and Fc-binding seemed to be more than dose-proportional for Cmax and AUC0-inf. Data were validated in human FcRn TG32 mice. Combination of a CEACAM5-targeting T-cell engager (NILK-2301) with NILK-2401 can either boost NILK-2301 activity (Emax) up to 2.5-fold or allows reaching equal NILK-2301 activity at &gt;600-fold (LS174T) to &gt;3,000-fold (MKN-45) lower doses.ConclusionNILK-2401 combines promising preclinical activity with limited potential side effects due to the tumor-targeted blockade of CD47 and low immunogenicity and is planned to enter clinical testing.
Resilience of the primary healthcare system: perspectives of German stakeholders at primary care interfaces during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Litke Nicola , Weber Sophia , Breckner Amanda , Roth Catharina , Peters-Klimm Frank , Wensing Michel , Stengel Sandra 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionWorldwide, the primary care sector played a key role in coping with the challenges of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.MethodsThe aim of this study was to explore the resilience of the German primary healthcare system during the second wave of the pandemic from the perspective of identified interface stakeholders, i.e., representatives of hospitals, district offices, and medical associations. Qualitative data from interviews and focus groups were analyzed according to a resilience framework.ResultsThe main findings include a gap in knowledge transfer, unstructured allocation of responsibilities, and a resulting unregulated flow of patients. Social brokers supported care coordination and knowledge transfer. The response to the capacity to cope with uncertainties was slow and chaotic at the system level and heterogeneous at the individual level. Building on previous relationships fostered functioning communication, while competition in primary care was identified as a barrier to resilience.ConclusionImplications for further research and for strengthening the resilience of primary care can be derived based on this study.
Association between the triglyceride glucose index, triglyceride-glucose body mass index and diabetic kidney disease in adults with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes
Authors: Jiang Yanjuan , Lai Xiaoyang 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundThe triglyceride glucose (TyG) index has been proved to be a reliable marker of diabetic kidney disease (DKD).ObjectiveWe further investigated the association between TyG index, and its derivative, triglyceride-glucose body mass index (TyG-BMI), and the risk of DKD among adults with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with newly diagnosed T2D. We assessed the correlation between TyG index, TyG-BMI, and the risk of DKD using logistic regression analysis, restricted cubic spline analysis, trend tests, receiver operating characteristic curve, and subgroup analyses.ResultsAmong the 924 included patients, 199 (21.5%) had DKD. Logistic regression revealed that TyG index (odds ratio [OR] 1.232, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.064–1.428, p = 0.005) and TyG-BMI (OR 1.003, 95% CI 1.000–1.006, p = 0.021) were risk factors for DKD. The trend test demonstrated a dose–response association between TyG index (p for trend = 0.004), TyG-BMI (p for trend = 0.035), and the risk of DKD. Restricted cubic spline analysis indicated a nonlinear correlation between TyG index and the risk of DKD, with an increase in the risk of DKD when the TyG index was greater than 9.68 (p for nonlinearity = 0.014). In contrast, TyG-BMI and the risk of DKD exhibited a linear dose–response relationship, with an increase in the risk of DKD when the TyG-BMI was greater than 243 (p for nonlinearity = 0.034). According to the receiver operating characteristic curve, the optimal cutoff values for TyG index and TyG-BMI were 10.08 and 221.5, respectively.ConclusionAmong newly diagnosed T2D patients, the risk of DKD increases with the increase of TyG index and TyG-BMI, with their respective cut-off values being 9.68 and 243. Both TyG index and TyG-BMI have poor diagnostic value for the risk of DKD.
Gut microbiota and autoimmune neurologic disorders: a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhang Mengyuan , Fang Jie , Zheng Chamou , Lin Qing , Zhang Jiawei 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundIncreasing evidence has suggested that alterations in the gut microbiome are correlated with autoimmune neurologic disorders, yet the causal relationship between them has yet to be established.MethodsFrom the published genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics, we obtained data on the gut microbiota and three autoimmune neurologic disorders (Multiple Sclerosis, Guillain-Barré Syndrome, and Myasthenia Gravis). We then implemented a two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) to determine the causal relationship between the gut microbiota and the diseases. To validate the results, we conducted a series of sensitivity analyses. Finally, to verify the direction of causality, a reverse-causality analysis was done.ResultsWe discovered that a higher relative abundance of the genus Ruminococcus2 (OR: 1.213, 95% CI: 1.006–1.462, p = 0.043, PFDR = 0.048) and the genus Roseburia (OR: 1.255, 95% CI: 1.012–1.556, p = 0.038, PFDR = 0.048) were associated with a higher risk of MS. Furthermore, the higher the abundance of the class Mollicutes (OR: 3.016, 95% CI: 1.228–7.411, p = 0.016, PFDR = 0.021), the genus Eubacterium (hallii group) (OR: 2.787, 95% CI: 1.140–6.816, p = 0.025, PFDR = 0.025), and the phylum Tenericutes (OR: 3.016, 95% CI: 1.228–7.411, p = 0.016, PFDR = 0.021) was linked to a greater probability of GBS. Additionally, the higher the abundance of the genus Ruminococcaceae UCG005 (OR: 2.450, 95% CI: 1.072–5.598, p = 0.034, PFDR = 0.036), the genus Holdemania (OR: 2.437, 95% CI: 1.215–4.888, p = 0.012, PFDR = 0.024), genus Lachnoclostridium (OR: 3.681, 95% CI: 1.288–10.521, p = 0.015, PFDR = 0.025) and the genus Eubacterium (ruminantium group) (OR: 2.157, 95% CI: 1.211–3.843, p = 0.003, PFDR = 0.016) correlated with a greater chance of MG occurrence. No SNPs were identified as outliers through sensitivity analysis. Then, the results of the reverse MR analysis did not indicate any reverse causality.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate a causal relationship between the gut microbiota and three autoimmune neurologic disorders, providing novel insights into the mechanisms of these autoimmune neurologic disorders that are mediated by gut microbiota.
Residual inflammatory risk and vulnerable plaque in the carotid artery in patients with ischemic stroke
Authors: Gong Xiuqun , Yu Chuanqing , Lu Zeyu , Wang Xia , Cai Qiankun , Cheng Xiaosi , Lu Jun 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveInflammation is a central driver of atherogenesis and eventual plaque rupture. This study aimed to evaluate the association between residual inflammatory risk (RIR) and vulnerable plaques in the carotid artery in patients with ischemic stroke.MethodsPatients with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled from January 2021 to July 2022. They were divided into four groups: RIR only (LDL-C &lt;2.6 mmol/L and hsCRP ≥2 mg/L), residual cholesterol risk (RCR) only (LDL-C ≥2.6 mmol/L and hsCRP &lt;2 mg/L), both risk or residual cholesterol and inflammatory risk (RCIR) (LDL-C ≥2.6 mmol/L and hsCRP ≥2 mg/L), and neither risk (LDL-C &lt;2.6 mmol/L and hsCRP &lt;2 mg/L). Vulnerable plaques were determined if it had a low attenuated plaque CT value of &lt;35 Hounsfield Units (HU) and a remodeling index of &gt;1.1, which indicated a positive remodeling.ResultsOut of the 468 enrolled patients, 157 (33.5%) were detected to have vulnerable plaques. The proportion of patients with neither risk, RIR, RCR, and RCIR were 32.9%, 28.6%, 18.8%, and 19.7%, respectively. Patients with vulnerable plaques exhibited a higher prevalence of hyperlipidemia (P = 0.026), higher proportion of RIR (P = 0.015), a higher ratio of stroke subtypes of large artery atherosclerosis (P = 0.012), and high leukocyte counts (P &lt; 0.001). The logistic regression analysis detected that RIR was associated with vulnerable plaques after adjusted for major confounding factors (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.13–3.45, P = 0.016), especially in the large artery atherosclerosis subtype (OR 2.71, 95% CI 1.08–6.77, P = 0.034).ConclusionsIn patients with ischemic stroke, RIR is associated with the vulnerability of carotid plaques, especially for those with the large artery atherosclerosis subtype. Therefore, further studies investigating the interventions to modulate inflammation in these patients may be warranted.