bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between white matter microstructure, executive functions, and processing speed in older adults: The impact of vascular health
Authors: Jacobs Heidi I.L. , Leritz Elizabeth C. , Williams Victoria J. , Van Boxtel Martin P.J. , Elst Wim van der , Jolles Jelle , Verhey Frans R.J. , McGlinchey Regina E. , Milberg William P. , Salat David H. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCerebral white matter damage is not only a commonly reported consequence of healthy aging, but is also associated with cognitive decline and dementia. The aetiology of this damage is unclear; however, individuals with hypertension have a greater burden of white matter signal abnormalities (WMSA) on MR imaging than those without hypertension. It is therefore possible that elevated blood pressure (BP) impacts white matter tissue structure which in turn has a negative impact on cognition. However, little information exists about whether vascular health indexed by BP mediates the relationship between cognition and white matter tissue structure. We used diffusion tensor imaging to examine the impact of vascular health on regional associations between white matter integrity and cognition in healthy older adults spanning the normotensive to moderate–severe hypertensive BP range (43–87 years; N = 128). We examined how white matter structure was associated with performance on tests of two cognitive domains, executive functioning (EF) and processing speed (PS), and how patterns of regional associations were modified by BP and WMSA. Multiple linear regression and structural equation models demonstrated associations between tissue structure, EF and PS in frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital white matter regions. Radial diffusivity was more prominently associated with performance than axial diffusivity. BP only minimally influenced the relationship between white matter integrity, EF and PS. However, WMSA volume had a major impact on neurocognitive associations. This suggests that, although BP and WMSA are causally related, these differential metrics of vascular health may act via independent pathways to influence brain structure, EF and PS. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Risks and clinical implications of perineural invasion in T1‐2 oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Tai Shyh‐Kuan , Li Wing‐Yin , Chu Pen‐Yuan , Chang Shyue‐Yih , Tsai Tung‐Lung , Wang Yi‐Fen , Huang Jui‐Lin 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundRisks of perineural invasion (PNI) in T1‐2 oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have not been specifically elucidated.MethodsPathological features, including PNI, were re‐reviewed under regular hematoxylin‐eosin staining in 190 patients with T1‐2 oral tongue SCC.ResultsTumor thickness >5 mm, PNI(+), and lymphovascular invasion (+) independently predicted lymph node involvement. PNI(+) and neck observation also independently predicted neck recurrence, but only PNI(+) was associated with a poor disease‐specific survival (DSS; p = .003). In patients who were clinically node negative (cN0), elective neck dissection contributed to a better DSS in patients with PNI(+) tumors (p = .046), but not in patients with PNI (‐) tumors (p = .809). Additionally, increased tumor thickness predicted the presence of PNI.ConclusionPNI is a crucial pathological feature for T1‐2 oral tongue SCC. Elective neck dissection should be performed in patients who were cN0 with PNI. Careful evaluation for PNI should be advocated in regular pathological diagnosis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Predictors of survival and recurrence after temporal bone resection for cancer
Authors: Morris Luc G. T. , Mehra Saral , Shah Jatin P. , Bilsky Mark H. , Selesnick Samuel H. , Kraus Dennis H. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to identify factors predictive of outcome in patients undergoing temporal bone resection (TBR) for head and neck cancer.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of 72 patients undergoing TBR. Factors associated with survival and recurrence were identified on multivariable regression.ResultsMost tumors were epithelial (81%), commonly (69%) involving critical structures. Cervical metastases were uncommon (6%). Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the external auditory canal carried a high rate of parotid invasion (25%) and parotid nodal metastases (43%). The 5‐year rate of overall survival (OS) was 62%; disease‐specific survival (DSS), 70%; recurrence‐free survival (RFS), 46%. Factors independently associated with outcome on multivariable analysis were margin status and extratemporal spread of disease to the parotid, mandible, or regional nodes. Recurrence was common (72%) in cT3–4 tumors.ConclusionsMargin status and extratemporal disease spread are the strongest independent predictors of survival and recurrence. In SCC of the external auditory canal, high rates of parotid involvement support adjunctive parotidectomy. Risk of recurrence in T3–T4 tumors may support a role for adjuvant therapy. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Multivariate approaches optimize locations of groundwater pumping facilities for different hydrogeological scales
Authors: Lin Hsien‐Tsung , Tan Yih‐Chi , Chen Chu‐Hui , Lin Wen‐Sheng , Liu Chen‐Wuing 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA number of optimization approaches regarding the design location of groundwater pumping facilities in heterogeneous porous media have elicited little discussion. However, the location of groundwater pumping facilities is an important factor because it affects water resource usage. This study applies two optimization approaches to estimate the best recharge zone and suitable locations of the pumping facilities in southwestern Taiwan for different hydrogeological scales. First, for the regional scale, this study employs numerical modelling, MODFLOW‐96, to simulate groundwater direction and the optimal recharge zone in the study area. Based on the model's calibration and verification results, this study preliminarily utilizes the simulated spatial direction of groundwater and compares the safe yield for each well group in order to determine the best recharge zone. Additionally, for the local scale, the micro‐hydrogeological characteristics are considered before determining the design locations of the pumping facilities. According to drawdown record data from six observation wells derived from pumping tests at the best recharge area, this study further utilizes the modified artificial neural network approach to improve the accuracy of the estimation parameters as well as to analyse the direction and anisotropy of the hydraulic conductivities of an equivalent homogeneous aquifer. The results suggested that the best locations for the pumping facilities are along the more permeable major direction. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduced risk of breast, endometrial and ovarian cancer in women with celiac disease
Authors: Ludvigsson Jonas F. , West Joe , Ekbom Anders , Stephansson Olof 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWomen with celiac disease (CD) may be at decreased risk of female hormone‐related cancers given the observed reduction in breast cancer seen in some cohorts. Using biopsy data from all 28 pathology departments in Sweden, we identified 17,852 women with CD who were diagnosed between 1969 and 2007. We used Cox regression model to estimate their risk of breast, endometrial and ovarian cancer and then compared them with 88,400 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. The results indicate that individuals with CD were at a lower risk for all three outcomes: breast cancer (hazard ratio, HR = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.72–1.01), endometrial cancer (HR = 0.60; 95% CI =0.41–0.86) and ovarian cancer (HR = 0.89; 95% CI =0.59–1.34). This inverse relationship was strengthened when we excluded the first year of follow‐up beyond CD diagnosis (breast: HR = 0.82; 95% CI =0.68–0.99; endometrial: HR = 0.58; 0.39–0.87; ovarian cancer: HR = 0.72; 0.45–1.15). In conclusion, CD seems to be inversely related not only to breast cancer but also to endometrial and ovarian cancer. Potential explanations include shared risk factors and early menopause.
Sunitinib‐induced changes in circulating endothelial cell‐related proteins in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer
Authors: van der Veldt Astrid A.M. , Vroling Laura , de Haas Richard R. , Koolwijk Pieter , van den Eertwegh Alfons J.M. , Haanen John B.A.G. , van Hinsbergh Victor W.M. , Broxterman Henk J. , Boven Epie 
Published: September 2011

AbstractVascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors are effective agents in the treatment of metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC). We here investigated whether inhibition of VEGFR signalin by sunitinib causes changes in plasma proteins associated with tumor endothelium. Forty‐three patients with mRCC received sunitinib 50 mg/day in a 4‐weeks on 2‐weeks off schedule. Sequential plasma samples were obtained before treatment (C1D1), on C1D14, on C1D28, and on C2D1 before start of cycle 2. Plasma levels were assessed for VEGF, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (sVCAM‐1), soluble intercellular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (sICAM‐1), von Willebrand factor (vWF), circulating angiopoietin‐2 (Ang‐2) and soluble Tie‐2 (sTie‐2). Total tumor burden was calculated at baseline and at first evaluation. Progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were determined. Tumor burden was positively associated with baseline circulating Ang‐2 [Spearman's rho (ρ) = 0.378, p = 0.028] and vWF (ρ = 0.417, p = 0.008). During sunitinib treatment, circulating Ang‐2 and sTie‐2 significantly decreased (p < 0.001 for both), plasma levels of sVCAM‐1 and VEGF significantly increased (p = 0.022 and p < 0.001), whereas those of sICAM‐1 and vWF remained stable. These protein changes had recovered on C2D1. The reduction in circulating Ang‐2 levels on C1D28 was positively correlated with the percentage decrease in tumor burden (ρ = 0.605; p = 0.002). Baseline protein levels and subsequent changes were not associated with PFS or OS. In conclusion, sunitinib‐induced changes in Ang‐2, sTie‐2, sVCAM‐1 and VEGF are related to the administration schedule, while reduction in Ang‐2 is also associated with decrease in tumor burden.
Using a sequential exploratory mixed‐method design to examine racial hyperprivilege in higher education
Authors: Cabrera Nolan L. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis chapter uses a mixed‐method approach to critically examine white male college students' racial ideologies and the experiences that influence racial ideology formation. It highlights both how racial privilege is recreated in higher education and how mixed‐methods and intersectionality approaches to institutional research allow more robust analytical possibilities.
Effects of usnic acid exposure on human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells in culture
Authors: Sahu Saura C. , Amankwa‐Sakyi Margaret , O'Donnell Michael W. , Sprando Robert L. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTUsnic acid, a natural botanical product, is a constituent of some dietary supplements used for weight loss. It has been associated with clinical hepatotoxicity leading to liver failure in humans. The present study was undertaken for metabolism and toxicity evaluations of usnic acid in human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells in culture. The cells were treated with the vehicle control and usnic acid at concentrations of 0–100 µm for 24 h at 37 °C in 5% CO2. Following the treatment period, the cells were evaluated by biochemical and toxicogenomic endpoints of toxicity that included cytochrome P450 activity, cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and changes in pathway focused gene expression profiles. Usnic acid exposure resulted in increased P450 activity, cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in HepG2 cells. The pathway‐focused gene expression analysis resulted in significantly altered expression of six genes out of a total of 84 genes examined. Of the six altered genes, three genes were up‐regulated and three genes down‐regulated. A marked up‐regulation of one gene CCL21 associated with inflammation, one gene CCNC associated with proliferation and carcinogenesis and one gene UGT1A4 associated with metabolism as well as DNA damage and repair were observed in the usnic acid‐treated cells compared with the vehicle control. Also a marked down‐regulation of one gene CSF2 associated with inflammation and two genes (CYP7A1 and CYP2E1) associated with oxidative metabolic stress were observed in the usnic acid‐treated cells compared with the control. The biomarkers used in this study demonstrate the toxicity of usnic acid in human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells, suggesting an oxidative mechanism of action. Published 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Application of molecular dynamics simulations in molecular property prediction II: Diffusion coefficient
Authors: Wang Junmei , Hou Tingjun 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn this work, we have evaluated how well the general assisted model building with energy refinement (AMBER) force field performs in studying the dynamic properties of liquids. Diffusion coefficients (D) have been predicted for 17 solvents, five organic compounds in aqueous solutions, four proteins in aqueous solutions, and nine organic compounds in nonaqueous solutions. An efficient sampling strategy has been proposed and tested in the calculation of the diffusion coefficients of solutes in solutions. There are two major findings of this study. First of all, the diffusion coefficients of organic solutes in aqueous solution can be well predicted: the average unsigned errors and the root mean square errors are 0.137 and 0.171 × 10−5 cm−2 s−1, respectively. Second, although the absolute values of D cannot be predicted, good correlations have been achieved for eight organic solvents with experimental data (R2 = 0.784), four proteins in aqueous solutions (R2 = 0.996), and nine organic compounds in nonaqueous solutions (R2 = 0.834). The temperature dependent behaviors of three solvents, namely, TIP3P water, dimethyl sulfoxide, and cyclohexane have been studied. The major molecular dynamics (MD) settings, such as the sizes of simulation boxes and with/without wrapping the coordinates of MD snapshots into the primary simulation boxes have been explored. We have concluded that our sampling strategy that averaging the mean square displacement collected in multiple short‐MD simulations is efficient in predicting diffusion coefficients of solutes at infinite dilution. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Novel Micro/nanostructures from a Double Network Gel
Authors: Wang Hai‐Wang , Zhao Tian‐Bo , Lu Guo‐Zhong , Zhang Shuai , Miao Ce , Weia Xin‐Fang , Li Feng‐Yan 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis communication describes a new study of microstructures of double network (DN) gels, which were prepared in two steps: firstly, an across‐linked polymer (the first network) was prepared, and then the other compound (the second network) was synthesized in the first network. A novel micro/nanostructure has been found in the DN gels. Meanwhile, solid composites with micro/nanostructures have been obtained as well.
Photoionization Mass Spectrometry: A Useful Method to Evaluate the Pyrolysis Process of Glycoside Flavor Precursor
Authors: Ding Yu , Cai Ji‐Bao , Qi Fei , Su Qing‐De 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe thermal decomposition behavior and the pyrolysis products of benzyl‐2,3,4,6‐tetra‐O‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (BGLU) were studied with synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoionization mass spectrometry at temperatures of 300, 500 and 700 °C at 0.062 Pa. Several pyrolysis products and intermediates were identified by the measurement of photoionization mass spectra at different photon energies. The results indicated that the primary decomposition reaction was the cleavage of O‐glycosidic bond of the glycoside at low temperature, proven by the discoveries of benzyloxy radical (m/z = 107) and glycon radical (m/z = 331) in mass spectra. As pyrolysis temperature increased from 300 to 700 °C, two possible pyrolytic modes were observed. This work reported an application of synchrotron VUV photoionization mass spectrometry in the study of the thermal decomposition of glycoside flavor precursor, which was expected to help understand the thermal decomposition mechanism of this type of compound. The possibility of this glycoside to be used as a flavor precursor in high temperature process was evaluated.
The Effect of Controlled Dopant Concentration on the Performance of Blue Polymer Light‐emitting Diodes
Authors: Huang Ping‐Tsung , Chou Cheng‐Wei , Chang Mei‐Ying , Huang Wen‐Yao , Lee Chih‐Chien , Han Yu‐Kai , Liu Shun‐Wei 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe performance of a blue polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLED) was significantly improved by doping a controlled amount (<1%) of a hole transport molecule N,N′‐bis‐(1‐naphthyl)‐N,N′‐diphenyl‐1,1′‐biphenyl‐4,4″‐diamine (NPB) into the emitting layer. Hole carrier mobility of the blue emitting polymer, BP105 (trade name of The Dow Chemicals Co.), increased from 5.27 × 10‐7 cm‐2/Vs of the pristine BP105 to 1.80 × 10‐6 cm‐2/Vs with the addition of 1% NPB in BP105. The enhanced carrier mobility greatly promoted performance of a blue PLED device with a device structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/BP105+x% NPB/LiF/Ca/Al. Luminance increased from 573 cd/m2 to 2,720 cd/m2 at 6V and efficiency increased from 1.1 lm/W to 1.6 lm/W at 1,000 cd/m2 with 1% NPB in BP105. The most important improvement was an increase in the lifetime of the blue device from 80 to 120 hours at an initial luminance of 400 cd/m2. We found that by choosing the appropriate dopant with good energy alignment and controlled dopant concentration, the performance of a blue PLED device could be greatly improved.
Flavonoid Composition in the Leaves of Twelve Litsea and Neolitsea Plants
Authors: Tsai Sheng‐Fa , Lee Shoei‐Sheng 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis study was aimed to study the chemodiversity of flavonoids in the Formosan Litsea and Neolitsea plants. Applications of LC‐SPE‐NMR and LC/MS hyphenated techniques in analyzing polar constituents from the leaves of L. acuminata, L. hypophaea, N. acuminatissima, and N. konishii led to the identification of 13 known flavonoids and one new flavonol dioside, quercetin 3‐O‐(2‐O‐β‐D‐apiofuranosyl)‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranoside. The quantity and variety of flavonoid composition in the leaves of 12 Litsea and Neolitsea plants were examined to enable more effective utilization of such bioactive ingredients. Of these, N. acuminatissima was found to contain the most quantity of flavonoids (ca. 0.24%leaves).
Modulation in the feeding prey capture of the ant‐lion, Myrmeleon crudelis
Authors: Lambert Eric Patten , Motta Philip Jay , Lowry Dayv 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAnt‐lions are pit‐building larvae (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae), which possess relatively large mandibles used for catching and consuming prey. Few studies involving terrestrial arthropod larva have investigated prey capture behavior and kinematics and no study has shown modulation of strike kinematics. We examined feeding kinematics of the ant‐lion, Myrmeleon crudelis, using high‐speed video to investigate whether larvae modulate strike behavior based on prey location relative to the mandible. Based on seven capture events from five M. crudelis, the strike took 17.60 ± 2.92 msec and was characterized by near‐simultaneous contact of both mandibles with the prey. Modulation of the angular velocity of the mandibles based on prey location was clearly demonstrated. M. crudelis larvae attempted to simultaneously contact prey with both mandibles by increasing mean angular velocity of the far mandible (65 ± 21 rad sec−1) compared with the near mandible (35 ± 14 rad sec−1). Furthermore, kinematic results showed a significant difference for mean angular velocity between the two mandibles (P<0.005). Given the lengthy strike duration compared with other fast‐striking arthropods, these data suggest that there is a tradeoff between the ability to modulate strike behavior for accurate simultaneous mandible contact and the overall velocity of the strike. The ability to modulate prey capture behavior may increase dietary breadth and capture success rate in these predatory larvae by allowing responsive adjustment to small‐scale variations in prey size, presentation, and escape response. J. Exp. Zool. 315:602–609, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evidence of DNA transfer across a model membrane by a neutral amphiphilic block copolymer
Authors: Huin Cécile , Gall Tony Le , Barteau Benoît , Pitard Bruno , Montier Tristan , Lehn Pierre , Cheradame Hervé , Guégan Philippe 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundNeutral amphiphilic triblock copolymers have been shown to be efficient for gene transfectionin vivo, especially by direct injection into the muscle. To contribute to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms, in the present study, we investigated the properties of a poly(ethylene oxide‐b‐4‐vinylpyridine) diblock copolymer as vector for nucleic acid transfer, with the particular aim of shedding some light on a possible mechanism explaining the internalization of DNA by the transfected cells.MethodsComplexation of plasmid DNA with the PEO‐b‐P4VP diblock copolymer was investigated by ethidium bromide exclusion and gel electrophoresis assays. Interaction of the copolymer with a lipid model membrane was evaluated by electrophysiological assays and quantification of plasmid DNA was performed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.In vivoluciferase transfection assays were finally performed.ResultsThe diblock copolymer was found to poorly interact with DNA up to a mass ratio (copolymer/DNA) as high as 150. At a concentration of 36 µg/ml, it induced the formation of mainly transient (but sometimes permanent) pores and the formation of those pores allowed the translocation of plasmid DNA across the model membrane. However, only low transgene expression was obtained; the luciferase levels observed with the diblock being of the same order of magnitude as those observed with the corresponding PEO and P4VP homopolymers.ConclusionsThese results strongly suggest that gene transfection by neutral block copolymers may involve the formation of cellular pores; in addition, they also highlight thatin vivogene transfection requires the use of adequately soluble block copolymers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Leadership learning: Crucial conversations, next steps, and thoughts for consideration
Authors: Allen Scott J. , Roberts Dennis C. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractForty years ago, the questions most discussed among those who cared about leadership were “is leadership possible among those who don't have titles and positions?”; “what are the characteristics possessed by effective leaders?”; and “how do we find the people who are the best leaders and help them prepare for positions that will allow them to have an impact?” After many conversations, conferences, research studies, and books, the terrain has shifted among scholars. Now the conversations focus on questions such as “If leadership is a shared responsibility among members of groups, how can the full leadership potential of all be cultivated?”; “What role do collaborators play in empowering positive leadership and defending against those who misuse it?”; and “How can organizations cultivate cultures that support and encourage visionary leadership dedicated to benefitting all?”The shift in the questions that leadership educators now explore, coupled with the breadth and variety of the initiatives dedicated to nurturing it, demonstrate that leadership can be taught. More importantly, the practice of leadership demonstrates that many can pursue leadership and that they must if the opportunities of the 21st century are to be fulfilled. The conversations and the needs for leadership have both shifted and it is now incumbent on those who value leadership most to agree to unifying perspectives that can draw us together in common purpose. From your vantage point, what are the crucial conversations, next steps, and/or thoughts for consideration as we enter the second decade of the 21st century?