bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of increased neutrophile count on ET1 – induced changes in erythrocyte and leukocyte movements
Authors: TOLD R , FUCHSJAGER‐MAYRL G , GARHOFER G , SCHMETTERER L 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose It is known that granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF) increases white blood cell (WBC) count. There is evidence from other vascular beds that an increase in WBC count impairs blood flow regulation in the microcirculation. Whether this also holds true for the ocular circulation is yet unknown. In the following trial we investigated whether an increase in WBC count alters the endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) induced vasoconstriction.Methods 24 healthy male subjects entered this randomized, placebo‐controlled, double masked, two‐way cross over study. 300µg G‐CSF or placebo were applied intravenously to increase WBC count on two study days. Thereafter, ET‐1 (5ng/kg/min) was infused for 30 minutes. Ocular hemodynamic variables were measured before and after G‐CSF treatment and during the last 10 minutes of ET‐1 infusion. Measurements of retinal WBC flux were performed with the blue‐field entoptic technique, blood flow (BF) velocity using a laser Doppler velocimeter and retinal vessel diameter using a Retinal Vessel Analyzer.Results Neither G‐CSF nor ET‐1 had any consistent effect on blood pressure, pulse rate or IOP. G‐CSF induced an increase in retinal WBC density (p<.01). As expected ET‐1 lowered choroidal BF (p<.01), retinal BF (p<.01)and WBC velocity (p=.01). Changes in choroidal BF and WBC velocity in response to ET‐1 were not altered by pre‐treatment with G‐CSF. Contrary, the decrease in retinal BF was more pronounced during leukocytosis (p=.02) as compared to placebo.Conclusion During vasoconstriction, induced by ET‐1, vascular regulation can be altered by the number of circulating leukocytes. Whether this is caused by an interaction of red and white blood cells or by another mechanism is yet unknown.
A randomized, placebo‐controlled study investigating the effects of moxaverine on ocular blood flow after oral administration in healthy subjects
Authors: LASTA M , SCHMIDL D , BOLTZ A , PALKOVITS S , TOLD R , KAYA S , GARHOFER G , SCHMETTERER L 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose We know that several eye diseases such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and AMD are associated with ocular perfusion abnormalities. In recent studies we have shown that intravenous administration of moxaverine is capable of increasing ocular blood flow in healthy subjects compared to placebo as well as in elderly people with healthy eyes and in patients with eye diseases associated with hypoperfusion. In the present study we hypothesized that oral moxaverine may increase ocular blood flow.Methods In this placebo‐controlled, two‐way crossover study 16 healthy subjects received 900 mg moxaverine‐hydrochloride, administrated per os in 3 equal doses, and placebo. Outcome variables were measured at BL and 5 hours after first drug administration. Choroidal and optic nerve head blood flow (ONHBF) were assessed with laser Doppler flowmetry and blood velocities in the retrobulbar vessels were measured with color Doppler imaging.Results No parameter showed any difference between moxaverine and placebo. The p‐values of ANOVA testing between moxaverine and placebo were as follows: Choroidal blood flow (p=0.52), ONHBF (p=0.54), peak systolic velocity (PSV) in the ophthalmic artery (p=0.33), end diastolic velocity (EDV) in the ophthalmic artery (p=0.58), PSV in the posterior ciliary arteries (p=0.38), EDV in the posterior ciliary arteries (p=0.26), PSV in the central retinal artery (p=0.35), EDV in the central retinal artery (p=0.51).Conclusion Our results indicate that oral moxaverine, in contrast to systemic moxaverine, does not increase ocular blood flow. This may be related to the relatively low bioavailability of moxaverine after oral administration.
Characterization of retinal blood flow in healthy subjects
Authors: FUCHSJAGER‐MAYRL G , SCHMETTERER L 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Here we present by far the largest study in healthy subjects in an effort to characterize the physiology of retinal blood flow.Methods In the present study 64 healthy subjects aged between 18 and 45 years were included. Bi‐directional laser Doppler velocimetry (Oculix, Arbaz, Switzerland) was used to measure retinal blood velocities. Venous vessel diameters were measured using the Retinal Vessel Analyzer (Imedos, Jena, Germany). Retinal blood flow was calculated by measuring all visible veins entering the optic nerve head. The perfusion values in the 4 quadrants were evaluated. In addition, the correlation between vessel diameters and red blood cell velocities was studied.Results Total retinal blood flow was 46.2 ± 6.4 µl/min. The range of total retinal blood flow values was very high (29.0 – 70.8 µl/min). Blood flow was highest in the temporal inferior quadrant (17.9 ± 6.1 µl/min), followed by the temporal superior quadrant (12.2 ± 6.0 µl/min), the nasal inferior quadrant (7.3 ± 2.0 µl/min) and the nasal superior quadrant (6.5 ± 2.2 µl/min). In all four quadrants a highly significant linear correlation was found between blood velocities and vessel diameters (r‐values between 0.55 and 0.89). The regression line was, however, considerably steeper in superior than in inferior vessels. Whereas, within the confidence limits, the regression line included the point 0,0 in the velocity‐diameter graph in inferior veins, this was not the case in superior veins.Conclusion The present data indicate that retinal blood flow shows a wide range in healthy subjects. In addition, differences were seen between the flow characteristics of the vessels in the inferior and the superior parts of the retina. The reason for these differences is hitherto unknown.
Risk factors in JIA associated Uveitis
Authors: MACKENSEN F , HEILIGENHAUS A 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose to show from different studies from the literature (including published and new data from a German population based registry (Heiligenhaus et al Rheumatology 2007)) which are the special traits and risk factors in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) associated uveitis.Methods literature review and risk factor analysis. Comparison of different populations. Analysing predictors of longterm outcome.Results young age of JIA onset, ANA positivity and the oligoarthritis subtype are risk factors for the development of uveitis. Patients with complications at first visit fare worse in terms of visual acuity than those without. Especially cataract development is of concern in this age group prone to amblyopia. Screening intervals of every three months in the first year after arthritis diagnosis may be insufficient. Patients with uveitis that stays active into adulthood frequently showed complications at time of first uveitis detection as cataract, glaucoma and synechiae.Conclusion Ophthalmological screening is of utmost importance in patients with JIA and should be initiated as early as possible after the diagnosis and repeated regularly, the timing of intervals has to be further investigated. Complications present at first uveitis diagnosis may predict longterm uveitis activity into adulthood.
Outcome measures in JIA associated uveitis
Authors: FOELDVARI I 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Uveitis associated to juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is still the most frequent cause of blindness in the western world. It is an orphan disease and there are up till now no controlled trials for the treatment. Our multidisciplenary group is focusing on the further development of outcome measures of the SUN group (1) ,which could be used for prospective controlled studies. To develop outcome measures for JIA associated uveitis, which enable us to score the disease activity and complications of uveitis.Methods We established our group based on special interest in this topic, and had two face to face group meetings to develop a proposed outcome measure domains and items.Results We reached consensus in the group in the face to face meeting and definedspecific domains to assess the activity of JIA associated uveitis and defined items to assess the domains.Conclusion This proposed domain and items will be discussed with a larger group of specialist and after that prospectively tested on consecutive patients for validation. It is aimed to develop outcome criteria according the OMERACT procedure.
Use of hypo‐osmolar riboflavin for corneal cross‐linking in thin keratoconic corneas
Authors: FRUSCHELLI M , BATISTI C , MOTOLESE I , SANGIUOLO M , MENICACCI F , MENICACCI C , MOTOLESE E 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the efficacy of UVA collagen cross linking (CXL) on thin keratoconic corneas with previous application of hypoosmolar riboflavin solution.Methods Twelve eyes of 12 patients with progressive keratoconus and a corneal thickness of less than 400 µm without the epithelium, were submitted to collagen cross‐linking after the application of an hypoosmolar riboflavin solution. We instilled one drop every 5 seconds for 2 or 4 minutes to increase corneal thickness up to a minimum value of 400 µm. Pachimetry measurements were taken every 30 seconds to verify the effect on corneal stroma.Results Mean corneal thickness improved in most cases with reduction of the mean K‐value of the keratoconus and no progression was observed at six and twelve months after CXL. One year after treatment no scarring lesions in the stroma were observed and all corneas were transparent. Improvement of visual acuity was significant in three patients (25%), low but detectable in seven patients (51%) and no modifications of visual acuity were observed in two patients (24%).Conclusion Hypoosmolar riboflavin solution showed to be useful to allow CXL procedure in keratoconic corneas with low stromal thickness. No progression of keratoconus was observed six months and one year afer CXL., no developing of stromal scars and patients showed good stability of visual acuity delaying time of surgery.
Outcomes of trabeculectomy with transconjunctival application of Mitomycin C
Authors: MAHROO O , SCOPPETTUOLO L , ANSARI E 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To assess outcomes of trabeculectomy surgery augmented with Mitomycin C (MMC) applied trans‐conjunctivally.Methods An MMC applicator (Duckworth and Kent, UK) was developed for drug delivery. Fornix‐based conjunctival flap dissection was performed in each trabeculectomy case after trans‐consjunctival MMC application for 3 min. A retrospective, case‐note study was conducted. Records of patients who underwent the procedure over a one‐year period, were analysed. Duration of follow‐up, intraocular pressure (IOP) at last follow‐up, and complications were noted.Results 33 eyes of 28 patients were included. 23 eyes had primary open angle glaucoma, 5 had chronic narrow angle glaucoma, 2 had ocular hypertension and 3 had secondary open angle glaucoma. Mean follow‐up duration was 8.4 months (range 3‐15 months). Mean IOP at last follow‐up was 11.9 mm Hg (range 2 to 21). Proportions of patients achieving IOPs at last follow‐up of less than or equal to 12, 15, 18 and 21 mm Hg were 66.7%, 72.7%, 93.9% and 100% respectively. Two eyes (6.1%) had an IOP of 6 or below at last follow‐up. Eight eyes (25%) required further needling or antimetabolite injection (2 of these underwent bleb revision). Other complications included choroidal effusions (4 eyes, 12.1%), transient bleb leakage (2 eyes, 6.1%) and corneal decompensation (1 eye, 3.0%).Conclusion IOP outcomes in this preliminary study of trans‐conjunctival MMC application are comparable to those reported using the more conventional subconjunctival application of MMC (WuDunn et al. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002;134:521‐8; Wilkins et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;4:CD002897). Thus trans‐conjunctival application may be a viable alternative. A larger study is underway comparing the two methods.
Glaucoma and retinal detachment surgery
Authors: MANGOURITSAS G 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Secondary transient or permanent elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) is a quite common complication following vitreoretinal procedures.Methods This presentation will focus on different mechanisms, clinical diagnosis and management of the secondary glaucoma after scleral buckling, vitrectomy with or without gas or silicone oil tamponade, and application of steroids.Results In pre‐existing operated glaucoma with filtering surgery, maintenance of the bleb requires an approach for conjunctiva preservation with techniques such as small gauge vitrectomy. Secondary hypertension can occur after scleral buckling because of congestion and anterior rotation of the ciliary body. Medical therapy is usually successful in controlling IOP, however surgical intervention could also be needed. Intravitreal injection of gases (SF6, C3F8) may produce secondary angle‐closure glaucoma with or without pupillary block. Intraocular gas removal may be indicated. Secondary glaucoma can also develop after intravitreal injection of silicone oil due to pupillary block, inflammation, synechial angle closure, or migration of emulsified or nonemulsified silicone oil into the anterior chamber. Patients with medically uncontrolled glaucoma after silicone oil tamponade, with an open inferior iridectomy, may require oil removal with or without concurrent glaucoma surgery.Conclusion Diode laser transcleral cyclophotocoagulation and drainage implants constitute approved methods for long‐term IOP regulation. The underlying cause of secondary glaucoma after vitreoretinal surgery is often multifactorial. Cooperation between vitreoretinal and glaucoma specialists may be helpful in successful treatment.
Lens phacoemulsification in treatment primary angle closure glaucoma with block induced lens after laser peripheral iridotomy
Authors: FAYZIEVA UMIDA , EGOROVA ELYA 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To investigate the features of iridocilliary zone in patients with primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) in cases of anterior chamber angle (ACA) block induced by lens after laser iridotomy and subsequent lens phacoemulsification with foldable IOL implantation.Methods 45 patients (54 eyes) with PACG have been selected for this investigation. Parameters of iridocilliary structures were measured using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) model «Humphrey‐840».Results UBM allowed to determine the features of block induced by lens at PACG. In these cases there was the displacement of lens‐iris diaphragm forward independent of lens thickness with ACA block. The iris had a convex profile. The posterior chamber lost correct triangle configuration with decrease in section area by 1.3 times as compared to the norm. Most cases had a short‐term hypotensive effect after laser iridotomy with only segmental opening of ACA. The extreme anterior position of the lens‐iris diaphragm and small posterior chamber area persist at all cases. Configuration of the iris saved its convex. Subsequent phacoemulsiaicftion with foldable IOL implantation decreased the intraocular pressure (IOP) and eliminated block induced by lens with opening of the ACA. The restore of iris profile and posterior chamber configuration have been observed in all cases.Conclusion Laser iridotomy creates optimal conditions for lens phacoemulsiaicftion by removing angular block and decreasing IOP from preoperative level. Phacoemulsiaicftion is pathogenic operation in cases of PACG with ACA block induced by lens.
Outcome of trabeculectomy in uveitis patients with secondary glaucoma
Authors: LEWKOWICZ D , WILLERMAIN F , JANSSENS S , MAKHOUL D , CASPERS L , JANSSENS X 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To review the clinical outcome of our series of patients with uveitis and secondary glaucoma in which a trabeculectomy has been performed.Methods Each patient was classified according to clinical presentation, pre and postoperative IOP, visual acuity and number of antiglaucoma drops needed. The outcome of trabeculectomy was classified in 3 categories: absolute success defined as IOP controlled (< 21 mmHg) without other treatment, relative success defined as IOP controlled with hypotensive drops and failed when IOP was not controlled or required hypotensive drops and oral acetazolamide. Success ratio with and without perioperative mitomycin were compared.Results Mean visual acuity, IOP and number of drop used decreased at 3 month and at last follow‐up. The mean follow‐up was 19.3 months (2.9 – 67.1 months). At 3 month, we found 80% of overall success (53,33% of relative success and 26,67% of absolute success) and 20% of failure. At final follow‐up, we also found 80% of overall success(56,67% of relative success and 23,33% of absolute success ) and 20% of failure. Patients in whom perioperative mitomycin were used where more likely to have a favorable outcome (last follow‐up: 83.33% vs 75%) but this difference between the two groups was not statistically significant.Conclusion Our data are in accordance with the rest of the literature which shows that trabeculectomy with antimetabolite agents allows IOP control in the majority of patients. However, many of them will still need topical hypotensive drugs.
Protective antioxidant system disorders in myopic patients
Authors: BOYCHUK IM , KOLOMIYCHUK SG , SUROVAYA EI 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose The early revealing of the antioxidant system disorders in myopic patients is extremely important for correction and prevention of dystrophic changes in retina and sclera of the eye. One of the most powerful intracellular antioxidants is glutathione (S.M. Cohen, 1994; Paula S. Samiec, 1998). Connected SH and S‐S – groups represent tiol and disulfide bonds in protein structures. As a whole concentration levels of these groups can be considered now as important link of antioxidant protection. To evaluate the protective antioxidant system in patients with myopia by the concentration levels of free and connected SH and S‐S – groups in tear liquid in patients with myopia of different degree the work was conducted.Methods 34 children aged 8 ‐ 14 years with myopia of different degree and control group of the same age (10) were examined. Except ophthalmologic observations free and connected SH and S‐S – groups in tear liquid were defined by spectrocolormeter Spekol‐210 wave length 356 nm and 412 nm accordingly.Results It was established that levels of connected SH and S‐S – groups in tear liquid had tendency to increase in average on (4, 8 – 14, 5) % in dependence of myopic degree. Free SH‐ groups content in tear of children with high myopia was lower in comparison with control group on 28% (54,2 ± 5,5) u., P<0,05.Conclusion Free SH‐ groups content in tear of children with high myopia was significantly lower than in children of other groups. It confirmed that protective antioxidant system abilities are weakened in myopia and that they decrease with myopic severity.
Photodynamic therapy for symptomatic high risk choroidal melanocytic lesions
Authors: AMSELEM L , GARCíA‐ARUMí J , BADAL J , GüNDüZ K , ADAN A , ZAPATA MA , VALLDEPERAS X , CORCOSTEGUI B , HUSTE F 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the role of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for symptomatic high risk choroidal melanocytic (HRCM) lesions with subretinal fluid extending to the fovea.Methods Retrospective review of the medical records of all patients who underwent PDT for a HRCM lesion.Results Seventeen patients were included in the study. The mean initial visual acuity was 20/80 (range CF‐20/20). The mean initial tumor thickness was 1.23 mm (range 0.66‐1.93). All tumors presented at least 2 risk factors for growing. The mean number of PDT sessions was 1.41 (range 1‐3). The mean final visual acuity improved to 20/60 (range CF‐ 20/20). Subretinal fluid was reduced in all (100%) eyes and had completely disappeared in 9 (53%) eyes after PDT. The mean final tumor thickness increased to 1.24 mm (range 0.66 to 2.01) at a mean follow‐up of 22.47 months (range 6‐60). Tumor thickness increased in 3 (18%) eyes, remained unchanged in 13 (76%) eyes, and 1 (6%) lesion shrank down to a flat chorioretinal scar.Conclusion PDT prevents vision loss with improvement of choroidal leakage in HRCM lesions with serous macular detachment, but doesn´t allow a good local tumor control. Longer follow‐up is required to determine its value in these patients.
Juvenile xanthogranuloma of the iris treated with proton beam radiotherapy.
Authors: DAMATO EM , COUPLAND SE , DAMATO BE 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To report a case of juvenile xanthogranuloma of the iris treated with proton beam radiotherapy.Methods An 18‐year‐old male presented in October 2010 with blurred vision of the left eye. Clinical examination showed a hyphaema. A yellow‐pink tumour was noted in the temporal aspect of the iris. Ultrasonography showed the tumour to have a low internal reflectivity, measuring 7.8mm by 6.4mm in basal diameter with a thickness of 1.4mm. The lesion was noted to be extending to the pars plana. Incisional biopsy showed the tumour confirmed a diagnosis of juvenile xanthogranulomatosis. Treatment with topical steroids was unsuccessful. The patient was therefore treated with proton beam radiotherapy, comprising 18 Gy delivered in four fractions, penetrating to 4mm. Margins of 8mm around the lesion were also treated.Results The patient was followed up in March 2011 where significant tumour shrinkage was observed on slitlamp examination. The response to treatment was confirmed on ultrasound. There were no new lesions and no evidence of anterior chamber activity. The patient remains under review.Conclusion Proton beam therapy is an effective alternative local treatment for this condition.
Supraselective intraarterial melphalan as the primary treatment for advanced retinoblastoma in older children
Authors: DE FRANCESCO S , BRACCO S , GENNARI P , GALLUZZI P , CERASE A , D'AMBROSIO A , CAINI M , GALIMBERTI D , TOTI P , VENTURI C , HADJISTILIANOU T 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To report 4 late retinoblastoma cases treated with supraselective injection of intraarterial melphalan as the primary treatment. In advanced retinoblastoma in older children enucleation remains the most common treatment option although some eyes can be salvaged with combinations of systemic chemotherapy, focal techniques and external beam radiotherapy. Direct infusion of chemotherapy into the ophthalmic artery has be attempted to achieve tumor control and avoid enucleation.Methods The authors prospectively collected data of all retinoblastoma cases treated with selective intra‐ophthalmic melphalan at the Referral Center for Retinoblastoma of Siena, Italy, from 2008 to 2011. Four out of 43 cases (4 eyes out of 49 eyes) of late unilateral advanced retinoblastoma received intraarterial melphalan infusion therapy as the primary treatment.Results Complete remission was obtained in 1 out of 4 cases.Conclusion The role of intraarterial chemotherapy as primary treatment for advanced retinoblastoma in older children remains to be elucidated.