bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Overdose: Management by Observation
Authors: Monte Andrew A , Bodmer Michael , Schaeffer Tammi H 
Published: October 2010

Objective: To describe 3 episodes of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) overdose in 2 patients and discuss the clinical presentations, outcomes, and therapeutic options. Case Summaries: The first patient, a 35-year-old female, presented after an intentional overdose of 72,000 units of dalteparin. The peak measured anti-Xa activity was 6.2 U/mL at 7.5 hours postinjection. No interventions were performed and there were no bleeding complications. The patient presented 20 days later following another overdose of 72,000 units. Anti-Xa activity was 4.5 U/mL 2 hours postinjection. No treatment was given and the patient was discharged with plans for follow-up the next day. There was no evidence of bleeding complications on follow-up. The second patient, a 29-year-old male, presented after an intentional overdose of 480 mg of enoxaparin. The anti-Xa activity was 1.9 U/mL measured 2 hours postinjection. The patient was observed without intervention. There were no bleeding complications. Discussion: To our knowledge, there is only one previous report of an LMWH overdose in the literature, an iatrogenic overdose in an infant treated with protamine. In our 3 presented episodes of LMWH overdose, no therapeutic interventions were performed and there were no bleeding complications. Review of the literature regarding the efficacy of protamine and recombinant factor VIIa for reversal of LMWH coagulopathy revealed that protamine is only partially effective and recombinant factor VIIa is effective in in vitro studies and case reports. Conclusions: In cases of LMWH overdose, observation seems to be appropriate in the absence of clinically significant bleeding. Prolonged monitoring may be necessary for patients with renal failure. Use of protamine or recombinant factor VIIa is not supported by this case series in patients without significant bleeding. There is a lack of data regarding how to treat patients with significant bleeding.
Characterization of Molecular Forms of N-Terminal B-Type Natriuretic Peptide In Vitro
Authors: Ala-Kopsala Minna , Moilanen Anne-Mari , Rysä Jaana , Ruskoaho Heikki , Vuolteenaho Olli 
Published: October 2010

BACKGROUNDThe heterogeneity of circulating peptides may influence the interpretation of results from N-terminal profragment of BNP (NT-proBNP) assays. Our objective was to characterize the heterogeneity for better usability of the assays.METHODSEndogenous proBNP was purified from patient samples and treated with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (chemical deglycosylation). The human proBNP gene was introduced into rat hearts by adenoviral transfer. Cell lysates and plasma samples containing proBNP-derived peptides were analyzed by chromatography. The fate of exogenous recombinant NT-proBNP added to fresh whole blood samples was followed by immunoassays and chromatography. The main NT-proBNP components were isolated and identified by mass spectrometry.RESULTSImmunoreactive NT-proBNP in human plasma comprised several molecular forms, as did circulating immunoreactive human NT-proBNP after adenoviral transfer of human proBNP cDNA into rat ventricular myocardium. Incubation of recombinant NT-proBNP1–76 in human plasma or serum resulted in multiple components with the 2 major components identified as NT-proBNP1–36 and NT-proBNP1–62/64. Profiling by different antisera and chromatography indicated masking of the non–mid-region epitopes likely due to formation of oligomers. More than 75% of the original immunoreactivity in the mid-region epitope was retained after 3-week storage of plasma samples at room temperature.CONCLUSIONSThere is marked heterogeneity in immunoreactive NT-proBNP in plasma not related to glycosylation. The mid-region epitope of NT-proBNP is stable even in harsh storage conditions. Careful choice of antibody epitopes can yield extraordinarily robust assays.
Evaluation of Warm Mix Asphalt Mixtures Containing RAP Using Accelerated Loading Tests
Authors: Nazzal Munir D. , Sargand Shad , Al-Rawashdeh Abdalla 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
This paper presents the results of a study that was conducted to evaluate the performance and constructability of warm mix asphalt (WMA) mixtures containing reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). Four sections were constructed at the indoor Accelerated Pavement Loading Facility at Ohio University. Aspha-min, Sasobit, and Evotherm WMA mixtures were used in the wearing course layer of the first three sections. In addition, the fourth section had a conventional hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixture, which was used as a control. Temperature was monitored during the production, placement, and compaction of WMA and HMA mixtures. Furthermore, emission tests were conducted at the asphalt plants during the production of each of the evaluated mixtures. Falling weight deflectometer (FWD) and rolling wheel tests were conducted at different temperatures on all evaluated sections. The results of this study showed that emissions were reduced during the production of the Aspha-min and Sasobit WMA mixtures by at least 50 % for volatile organic compounds, 60 % for carbon monoxide, 20 % for nitrogen oxides, and 83 % for sulfur dioxide, when compared to the control HMA mixture. In addition, although WMA mixtures were produced and compacted at much lower temperatures, they achieved better field densities than the control HMA mixture. The FWD test results showed that at 40°F (4°C) test temperature, the control HMA mixture had significantly lower stiffness than that of the WMA mixtures. However, the FWD stiffness measurement of the HMA and the WMA mixtures were statistically indistinguishable at the intermediate and high test temperatures of 70°F (21.1°C) and 104°F (40°C), respectively. Finally, the rolling wheel test results indicated that the three WMA sections, especially the Evotherm section, exhibited more rutting than the control HMA section during the post primary compaction stage. However, the rutting rate of the HMA section was higher than those of the WMA sections in the secondary stage, which suggests that the rutting difference may slowly be mitigated.
Wnt receptors, bone mass, and fractures: gene-wide association analysis of LRP5 and LRP6 polymorphisms with replication
Authors: Riancho José A , Olmos José M , Pineda Begoña , García-Ibarbia Carmen , Pérez-Núñez María I , Nan Daniel N , Velasco Javier , Cano Antonio , García-Pérez Miguel A , Zarrabeitia María T , González-Macías Jesús 
Published: October 2010

ObjectiveGenes explaining the susceptibility to osteoporosis have not been fully elucidated. Our objective was to explore the association of polymorphisms capturing common variations of the lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP)5and6genes, encoding two Wnt receptors, with femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporotic fractures of the spine and the hip.DesignCross-sectional, case–control, and replication genetic association study.MethodsThirty-nine tagging and functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed in a group of 1043 postmenopausal women and 394 women with hip fractures. The results were replicated in a different group of 342 women.ResultsThree SNPs of theLRP6gene were associated with BMD (nominal uncorrectedPvalues <0.05) in the discovery cohort. One showed a significant association after multiple test correction; two of them were also associated in the replication cohort, with a combined standardized mean difference of 0.51 (P=0.009) and 0.47 (P<0.003) across rs11054704 and rs2302685 genotypes. In the discovery cohort, severalLRP5SNPs were associated with vertebral fractures (odds ratio (OR) 0.67;P=0.01), with hip fractures (unadjusted ORs between 0.59 and 1.21;P=0.005–0.033, but not significant after multiple test adjustment or age adjustment), and with height and the projected femoral neck area, but not with BMD. Transcripts ofLRP5andLRP6were similarly abundant in bone samples.ConclusionsIn this study, we found common polymorphisms ofLRP5associated with osteoporotic fractures, and polymorphisms of theLRP6gene associated with BMD, thus suggesting them as likely candidates to contribute to the explaination of the hereditary influence on osteoporosis.
Inference of Homologous Recombination in Bacteria Using Whole-Genome Sequences
Authors: Didelot Xavier , Lawson Daniel , Darling Aaron , Falush Daniel 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBacteria and archaea reproduce clonally, but sporadically import DNA into their chromosomes from other organisms. In many of these events, the imported DNA replaces an homologous segment in the recipient genome. Here we present a new method to reconstruct the history of recombination events that affected a given sample of bacterial genomes. We introduce a mathematical model that represents both the donor and the recipient of each DNA import as an ancestor of the genomes in the sample. The model represents a simplification of the previously described coalescent with gene conversion. We implement a Monte Carlo Markov chain algorithm to perform inference under this model from sequence data alignments and show that inference is feasible for whole-genome alignments through parallelization. Using simulated data, we demonstrate accurate and reliable identification of individual recombination events and global recombination rate parameters. We applied our approach to an alignment of 13 whole genomes from the Bacillus cereus group. We find, as expected from laboratory experiments, that the recombination rate is higher between closely related organisms and also that the genome contains several broad regions of elevated levels of recombination. Application of the method to the genomic data sets that are becoming available should reveal the evolutionary history and private lives of populations of bacteria and archaea. The methods described in this article have been implemented in a computer software package, ClonalOrigin, which is freely available from http://code.google.com/p/clonalorigin/.
Slk19p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Regulates Anaphase Spindle Dynamics Through Two Independent Mechanisms
Authors: Havens Kyle A , Gardner Melissa K , Kamieniecki Rebecca J , Dresser Michael E , Dawson Dean S 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Slk19p is a member of the Cdc-14 early anaphase release (FEAR) pathway, a signaling network that is responsible for activation of the cell-cycle regulator Cdc14p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Disruption of the FEAR pathway results in defects in anaphase, including alterations in the assembly and behavior of the anaphase spindle. Many phenotypes of slk19Δ mutants are consistent with a loss of FEAR signaling, but other phenotypes suggest that Slk19p may have FEAR-independent roles in modulating the behavior of microtubules in anaphase. Here, a series of SLK19 in-frame deletion mutations were used to test whether Slk19p has distinct roles in anaphase that can be ascribed to specific regions of the protein. Separation-of-function alleles were identified that are defective for either FEAR signaling or aspects of anaphase spindle function. The data suggest that in early anaphase one region of Slk19p is essential for FEAR signaling, while later in anaphase another region is critical for maintaining the coordination between spindle elongation and the growth of interpolar microtubules.
Paraoxonase 1 Correlates with Butyrylcholinesterase and Gamma Glutamyl Transferase in Workers Chronically Exposed to Pesticides
Authors: Araoud Manel , Neffeti Fadoua , Douki Wahiba , Najjar Mohamed Fadhel , Kenani Abderraouf 
Published: October 2010

Paraoxonase 1 Correlates with Butyrylcholinesterase and Gamma Glutamyl Transferase in Workers Chronically Exposed to Pesticides: Manel Araoud, et al. Laboratory of Biochemistry 05/UR/09‐09, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, TunisiaObjectivesAgricultural workers chronically exposed to complex mixtures of pesticides are at increased risk of acute and chronic toxicity of these compounds. Enzyme activities are among the biomarkers that may be used to detect the effects of pesticides before adverse clinical health effects occur. The aims of this study were to ascertain the relationships between paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and other serum enzymes and to investigate whether long‐term exposure to pesticides affects these relationships in Tunisian agricultural workers.MethodsThe activities of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), aminotransferases, gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) were measured in plasma from workers chronically exposed to pesticides using an Integra 400 plus™ system. PON1 activity was measured using konelab 30™ system.ResultsSignificant increases in aminotransferases, CK, LDH and ALP activities were found in workers exposed to pesticides. However, BChE and PON1 activities were decreased significantly in these subjects. In addition, PON1 activity was positively correlated with both BChE and GGT activities in these workers.ConclusionThis study suggests that pesticides lead to alteration of serum enzymes and that chronic exposure to pesticides might contribute to explain the positive correlation between PON1 and GGT, perhaps in order to protect BChE and simultaneously induce detoxification of pesticides.
Estimating Sampling Effort Required for Characterizing Species Richness and Site‐to‐Site Similarity in Fish Assemblage Surveys of Wadeable Illinois Streams
Authors: Holtrop Ann M. , Cao Yong , Dolan Chad R. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFor fish assemblage surveys, estimates of sampling effort required for capturing all or most species at a site often vary greatly among sites, reflecting substantial among‐site differences in mean species detectability (MSD). Different sampling methods used in individual studies may also contribute to the variation in estimates of required sampling effort among regions. This high variability presents a great challenge to standardize sampling effort across sites or to generalize the estimates from particular studies. It is also unclear whether the sampling effort required for capturing species is sufficient for accurately estimating site‐to‐site similarity in species composition, which is critical for evaluating β‐diversity and obtaining stable resolutions from multivariate analysis. We used a recently proposed hierarchical model to estimate the total species richness (TSRest) at each of 11 wadeable stream sites sampled with an electric seine in Illinois. Accordingly, a sampling effort of 59–144 channel widths (CWs) is required for capturing all species and an effort of 40–72 CWs is required for capturing 90% of TSRest. We then modeled the MSD–environment relationship with random forests regression; the model accounted for 52.2% of the variance in MSD estimated at one subreach but less of the variance in MSD at higher levels of sampling effort. The MSD mainly decreased with increasing watershed size and percentage of clay‐dominant substrates and increased with percentage of rock‐dominant substrates and percentage of riffle habitats. We also estimated the true values of the Jaccard coefficient (JC) and Sørensen coefficient (SC) for all pairs of sites with the hierarchical model. The same accuracy required less sampling effort to estimate JC and SC than to estimate TSRest (e.g., only 7–60 CWs were required for 90% accuracy of JC and SC). Our findings provide the possibility of setting site‐specific sampling effort based on predicted MSD and can be used as a guide for electric seine surveys of stream fish in Illinois and potentially other midwestern U.S. states.
Survival Rates and Movement of Hatchery‐Reared Razorback Suckers in the Upper Colorado River Basin, Utah and Colorado
Authors: Zelasko Koreen A. , Bestgen Kevin R. , White Gary C. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe used tag–recapture data to estimate apparent survival and capture probability for 119,129 hatchery‐reared, federally endangered razorback suckers Xyrauchen texanus stocked into upper Colorado River basin streams during 1995–2005. Effects investigated included reach, year, and season of stocking; fish total length (TL) at time of stocking; survival in the first year after stocking versus in subsequent years; and sampling effort. Recapture data were also used to describe poststocking movement. First‐year survival rate for stocked razorback suckers of average TL (252.5 mm) was low: 0.05 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.042–0.071). Total length at stocking and first‐year survival were positively correlated; survival approached zero for fish smaller than 200 mm TL but increased to 0.75 or higher for the few fish larger than 500 mm. Season of stocking had a large effect on razorback sucker first‐year survival; the predicted rate for average‐length fish stocked in summer was less than 0.02 (CI, 0.012–0.022), but it was 0.07 (0.044–0.094), 0.08 (0.057–0.100), and 0.08 (0.057–0.118) for fish stocked in spring, autumn, and winter, respectively. The overall subsequent‐year survival rate for razorback suckers was estimated to be 0.75 (CI, 0.688–0.801). Capture probabilities were relatively low, ranging from 0.002 to 0.128 for fish of average TL. The mean minimum distance traveled, elapsed time, and rate of travel by razorback suckers between recaptures were 54.7 km (range, 0–514.9 km), 254 d (0–3,164 d), and 0.87 km/d (0–55.37 km/d), respectively. Movement was more frequent out of Colorado and Gunnison River stocking reaches (36.9%; range, 30.1–100%) than Green River stocking reaches (7.7%; range, 2.9–10.3%). Our recommendations include ceasing summer stocking, performing cost ‐benefit analyses of increasing TL at stocking, employing a standardized stocking protocol, and developing a comprehensive razorback sucker monitoring program, implementation of which should enhance recovery prospects for razorback suckers in the upper Colorado River basin.
Striped Bass Habitat Selection Rules in Reservoirs without Suitable Summer Habitat Offer Insight into Consequences for Growth
Authors: Thompson Jessica S. , Rice James A. , Waters D. Scott 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe traditional view of habitat requirements for inland striped bass Morone saxatilis suggests that these fish need dissolved oxygen (DO) levels above 2–3 mg/L and temperatures below 25°C to thrive. However, striped bass are found in reservoirs where hypolimnetic hypoxia forces them into warm temperatures (27–30°C) for much of the summer, and contrary to expectations, these populations do not consistently experience poor growth or mortality. We used telemetry of adult striped bass in Badin Lake, North Carolina, to characterize habitat selection by striped bass in systems with unsuitable summer habitat. As summer stratification developed, striped bass selected preferred temperatures of 20–23°C as long as the DO was at least 2 mg/L. Once hypoxia forced striped bass into warmer water, the fish concentrated at the top of the oxycline (defined as the depth just above the largest decline in DO occurring over a 1‐m change in depth), which was 1–2°C warmer but had greater DO levels (4–8 mg/L) than the coolest water, with DO of 2 mg/L. Striped bass remained at the top of the oxycline into the fall, even after deeper water with preferred temperatures and a DO level of 2 mg/L became available. We suggest that these patterns, supported by observations in the literature, represent summer habitat selection rules for striped bass in reservoirs where all oxygenated habitat exceeds temperatures traditionally considered suitable for striped bass. We also show that the depth distribution of Badin Lake striped bass in response to physical habitat constraints causes them to overlap spatially with warmwater prey inhabiting shallow, warmwater depths both in the summer and early fall. Badin Lake striped bass continue to feed and grow over the summer, providing evidence that the availability of adequate prey resources can offset the costs of poor summer habitat. Warm, productive reservoirs without permanent thermal refuges may therefore provide better habitat for maintaining quality growth and condition than those systems where occupation of cooler temperatures segregates striped bass from their prey.
Summer Stream Water Temperature Models for Great Lakes Streams: New York
Authors: McKenna James E. , Butryn Ryan S. , McDonald Richard P. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTemperature is one of the most important environmental influences on aquatic organisms. It is a primary driver of physiological rates and many abiotic processes. However, despite extensive research and measurements, synoptic estimates of water temperature are not available for most regions, limiting our ability to make systemwide and large‐scale assessments of aquatic resources or estimates of aquatic species abundance and biodiversity. We used subwatershed averaging of point temperature measurements and associated multiscale landscape habitat conditions from over 3,300 lotic sites throughout New York State to develop and train artificial neural network models. Separate models predicting water temperature (in cold, cool, and warm temperature classes) within small catchment–stream order groups were developed for four modeling units, which together encompassed the entire state. Water temperature predictions were then made for each stream segment in the state. All models explained more than 90% of data variation. Elevation, riparian forest cover, landscape slope, and growing degree‐days were among the most important model predictors of water temperature classes. Geological influences varied among regions. Predicted temperature distributions within stream networks displayed patterns of generally increasing temperature downstream but were patchy due to the averaging of water temperatures within stream size‐classes of small drainages. Models predicted coldwater streams to be most numerous and warmwater streams to be generally associated with the largest rivers and relatively flat agricultural areas and urban areas. Model predictions provide a complete, georeferenced map of summer daytime mean stream temperature potential throughout New York State that can be used for planning and assessment at spatial scales from the stream segment class to the entire state.
Accuracy and Precision of Salmon Length Estimates Taken from DIDSON Sonar Images
Authors: Burwen Debby L. , Fleischman Steven J. , Miller James D. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractExperiments were conducted with a multibeam dual‐frequency identification sonar (DIDSON) to evaluate the accuracy and precision of estimating lengths from images of tethered fish insonified at side aspect in an Alaskan river. Live tethered Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and sockeye salmon O. nerka were suspended in front of a long‐range DIDSON (1.2 MHz, 48 beams) equipped with an ultra‐high‐resolution lens. Lengths measured manually from DIDSON images were highly correlated with the actual lengths (R2 = 0.90, RMSE = 5.76 cm). No range dependency in the accuracy of the range estimates was documented. We conclude that relatively accurate and precise estimates of fish length are now possible with certain DIDSON system configurations at up to 21 m.