bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coulomb‐modulated gain spectra in current‐injection T‐shaped quantum‐wire lasers
Authors: Okano Makoto , Yoshita Masahiro , Akiyama Hidefumi , Huai Ping , Ogawa Tetsuo , Pfeiffer Loren N. , West Ken W. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe measured gain spectra of highly uniform current‐injection T‐shaped quantum wire lasers and investigated the physics of gain‐spectral‐shape modulation due to strong Coulomb interactions by comparing current‐injection and optical‐pumping measurements and additional calculations including screened Coulomb interaction.We found remarkable features for current injection: redshifts and long high‐ and low‐energy tails of the gain peak. These characteristic current‐injection features were ascribed to band‐gap renormalization, state‐filling, and carrier‐carrier scattering inherent to charge‐imbalanced electron‐hole systems (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characteristics of the salivary alpha‐amylase level in resting sublingual saliva as an index of psychological stress
Authors: Karibe Hiroyuki , Aoyagi Kyoko , Koda Arisa , Kawakami Tomomi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe salivary alpha‐amylase (sAA) level is widely considered a marker of psychological stress. For clinical applicability, its characteristics should be examined under normal conditions. The aims of this study were to investigate the circadian rhythm, daily variation in a week and sex difference of the sAA level in sublingual saliva under a resting condition, for which 6 individuals, 11 individuals and 30 age‐matched women and men, respectively, were enrolled. The individual sAA levels were measured once every hour from 10:00 to 16:00 (7 times/day); at 10:00 on Monday, Wednesday and Friday (thrice/week); and without any restriction in the respective experiments by using a hand‐held sAA monitor. Repeated‐measures analysis of variance and the Student's t‐test were used for statistical analyses (p < 0.05). No significant differences in the sAA levels were observed among the different times of the day (p = 0.311) or different days of the week (p = 0.291), nor was a significant sex difference found (p = 0.962). These results suggest that the sAA level in sublingual saliva remains relatively stable under normal conditions and is not influenced by gender. It would be a useful tool to evaluate the effect of psychological stress in the clinical setting. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A survey on statistical disclosure control and micro‐aggregation techniques for secure statistical databases
Authors: Fayyoumi Ebaa , Oommen B. John 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper surveys the fields of Statistical Disclosure Control (SDC) and Micro‐Aggregation Techniques (MATs), which are both areas fundamental to the science of secure Statistical DataBases (SDBs). The paper is written from the perspective of a computer scientist with the hope that it will prove to be a source of reference material useful to researchers and practitioners in the field. The paper first introduces the concept ofSDCand describes the domain of its applications and the various data types that are currently used inSDBs. It then proceeds to focus on the family of micro‐data types inSDBs. At this juncture, we introduce the importance of the relevant measures, namely the metrics termed as the Information Loss (IL) and the Disclosure Risk (DR), after which we survey the various methods of resolving the conflicting goals that these metrics represent. Thereafter, the paper summarizes the perturbative and non‐perturbativeSDCmethods for micro‐data protection, and it focuses on the families ofMATs by formally stating the Micro‐Aggregation Problem and surveying it in a comprehensive manner. Apart from the paper including a historical view of the field ofMATs, it describes a broad selection of work that has been reported more recently. Indeed, we believe that this paper represents a complete overview of the state‐of‐the‐art techniques. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Okavango River Bridge in Botsuana, Afrika – Elefantenzähne für den Okavango
Authors: Grassl Martin , Benz Thomas 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDer Fluss Okavango im afrikanischen Botsuana mündet in ein inländisches Delta. Die dadurch entstehenden fruchtbaren Gebiete bilden die Grundlage für den einmaligen Artenreichtum der Flora und Fauna. Dies ist ein Anziehungspunkt für Touristen aus aller Welt. Zur Erschließung des nordöstlichen Teils des Deltas ist es geplant, die bestehende Fährverbindung durch eine feste Brückenverbindung als Schrägseilbrücke zu ersetzen. Um den Symbolcharakter des Bauwerks zu unterstreichen, wurden die Pylone in einer speziellen Gestaltungsidee als A‐Pylone in der Form von sich kreuzenden Elefantenzähnen entworfen. Es werden die Entwurfsgeschichte sowie wichtige Details der Konstruktion erläutert. Nach ihrer Fertigstellung wird die Okavango River Bridge die erste Schrägseilbrücke in Botsuana sein. Sie wird einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Verbesserung und Entwicklung der Infrastruktur des Okavango‐Deltas leisten.Okavango River Bridge in Botsuana, Africa – Elephant tusks for the Okavango. The Okavango River in the African country Botsuana leads in a domestic delta. Due to the fact that the area is very fertile a unique species richness of flora and fauna has developed. This is a magnet for tourists from all over the world. For developing the north‐eastern part of the Delta, it is planned to replace the existing ferry service by a static link as a cable‐stayed bridge. To emphasize the symbolic character of the building the towers were designed in a special design idea as the A‐pylons in form of intersecting elephant tusks. It is the design history, as well as important details of the construction explained. After completion, the Okavango River Bridge will be the first cablestayed bridge in Botsuana. It will make a significant contribution to improving and developing the infrastructure of the Okavango Delta.
Peptide‐mediated cancer targeting of nanoconjugates
Authors: Raha Sumita , Paunesku Tatjana , Woloschak Gayle 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTargeted use of nanoparticles in vitro, in cells, and in vivo requires nanoparticle surface functionalization. Moieties that can be used for such a purpose include small molecules as well as polymers made of different biological and organic materials. Short amino acid polymers, peptides, can often rival target binding avidity of much larger molecules. At the same time, peptides are smaller than most nanoparticles and thus allow for multiple nanoparticle modifications and creation of pluripotent nanoparticles. Most nanoparticles provide multiple binding sites for different cargo and targeting peptides which can be used for the development of novel approaches for cancer targeting, diagnostics, and therapy. In this review, we will focus on peptides which have been used for the preparation of different nanoparticles designed for cancer research. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2011 3 269–281 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.121This article is categorized under:

Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Cells at the Nanoscale
Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Behavioral Health Services “Don't Work for Us”: Cultural Incongruities in Human Service Systems for Alaska Native Communities
Authors: Wexler Lisa 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCommunity psychology emphasizes the importance of context in the study of people's lives, and culture influences this in profound ways. To develop programs that effectively address diverse communities' problems, it is essential to recognize how Euro‐American human service systems are understood and responded to by the many different people being served by them. The article describes how some broadly defined social services—conceptualized and implemented within a Euro‐American framework—are ill suited for the everyday realities of Alaska Native villages. The cultural discontinuities are illustrated through ethnographic vignettes. The article concludes with suggestions for developing more culturally‐responsive ways to conceive of and do programming for Alaska Native and possibly other Indigenous and minority communities.
Production of MLM‐Type Structured Lipids Catalyzed by Immobilized Heterologous Rhizopus oryzae Lipase
Authors: Nunes P. A. , Pires‐Cabral P. , Guillén M. , Valero F. , Luna D. , Ferreira‐Dias S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis work aims to produce triacylglycerols (TAG) containing a medium‐chain fatty acid (M) at positions sn‐1,3 and a long‐chain fatty acid (L) at sn‐2 position, i.e. TAG of MLM type, by acidolysis of virgin olive oil with caprylic (C8:0) or capric (C10:0) acids, catalyzed by 1,3‐selective Rhizopus oryzae heterologous lipase (rROL) immobilized in Eupergit® C and modified sepiolite. This lipase was produced by the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. Reactions were performed at 25 and 40 °C, for 24 h, either in solvent‐free or in n‐hexane media, at a molar ratio 1:2 (olive oil:free fatty acid). Higher incorporations of C8:0 (21.6 mol%) and C10:0 (34.8 mol%) into the TAG were attained in solvent‐free media, at 40 °C, when rROL immobilized in Eupergit® C was used. In organic media, at 40 °C, only 15.9 and 14.1 mol%, incorporation of C8:0 or C10:0 were, respectively observed. Lower incorporations were attained for both acids (3.4–7.0 mol%) when native ROL (nROL) in both supports and rROL in modified sepiolite were used. rROL in Eupergit® C maintained its activity during the first four or three 23‐h batches, respectively when C8:0 (half‐life time, t1/2 = 159 h) or C10:0 (t1/2 = 136 h) were used, decreasing thereafter following a time delay model.
Evaluating measles surveillance: comparison of sentinel surveillance, mandatory notification, and data from health insurance claims
Authors: TANIHARA S. , OKAMOTO E. , IMATOH T. , MOMOSE Y. , KAETSU A. , MIYAZAKI M. , UNE H. 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYInadequate notification is a recognized problem of measles surveillance systems in many countries, and it should be monitored using multiple data sources. We compared data from three different surveillance sources in 2007: (1) the sentinel surveillance system mandated by the Act on Prevention of Infectious Diseases and Medical Care for Patients Suffering Infectious Diseases, (2) the mandatory notification system run by the Aichi prefectural government, and (3) health insurance claims (HICs) submitted to corporate health insurance societies. For each dataset, we examined the number of measles cases by month, within multiple age groups, and in two categories of diagnostic test groups. We found that the sentinel surveillance system underestimated the number of adult measles cases. We also found that HIC data, rather than mandatory notification data, were more likely to come from individuals who had undergone laboratory tests to confirm their measles diagnosis. Thus, HIC data may provide a supplementary and readily available measles surveillance data source.
Pneumonia in older people
Authors: Krajcik S , Haniskova T , Mikus P 
Published: November 2010

SummaryThe incidence of pneumonia is higher in older than younger people, due to both an increase in factors facilitating entry of infectious agents into the lungs, and attenuated functioning of the immune system. Classic features of presentation of pneumonia may be absent. The most common signs of pneumonia in old age are tachypnoea and tachycardia. Aetiology is established in only 50% of older patients. The empirical treatment of community-aquired pneumonia (CAP) should be aimed at its most common cause,Streptococcus pneumoniae. The empirical treatment of health care-associated pneumonia (HCAP) should be targeted at Gram-negative agents. Choice of antibiotic must include consideration of potential drug interactions.
The Study of Mercury
Authors: Prockter Louise M. , Bedini Peter D. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWhen the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft enters orbit about Mercury in March 2011 it will begin a new phase in an age-old scientific study of the innermost planet. Despite being visible to the unaided eye, Mercury's proximity to the Sun makes it extremely difficult to observe from Earth. Nonetheless, over the centuries man has pursued a quest to understand the elusive planet, and has teased out information about its motions in the sky, its relation to the other planets, and its physical characteristics. A great leap was made in our understanding of Mercury when the Mariner 10 spacecraft flew past it three times in the mid-1970s, providing a rich set of close-up observations. Now, three decades later, The MESSENGER spacecraft has also visited the planet three times, and is poised to add significantly to the study with a year-long orbital observation campaign.
Observing mutual events of the trans-Neptunian object Haumea and Namaka from Brazil
Authors: Bortoletto Alexandre , Saito Roberto K. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBy pure coincidence, for the next few years the orbit of the satellite Namaka around the dwarf planet Haumea (formerly 2003 EL61) is nearly edge-on to our line-of-sight. This type of configuration does not last for long, because as Haumea travels around the sun in its 283 year orbit, we continuously see the Haumean system from different angles. It is only edge-on at the angle we see right now, and at the angle it will again be in 141 years – half of a Haumean year from now. In addition to being an interesting coincidence, the fact that the orbit of Namaka is nearly edge-on provides the opportunity to obtain an enormous amount of information about the Haumean system. We present measurements of the timing of these events observed from Laboratrio Nacional de Astrofsica (LNA), partner in an international campaign to observe these events from the most suitable mid-sized telescopes.
caNanoLab – A Tool To Benefit Biomedical Nanomaterials Research
Authors: Lijowski Michal 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe cancer Nanotechnology Laboratory Web portal ("http://cananolab.nci.nih.gov/caNanoLab/welcome.do":http://cananolab.nci.nih.gov/caNanoLab/welcome.do) is designed to promote sharing of nanomedicine data and to provide support for the annotation of nanoparticles with information about their composition, function, and characterization. The project is a part of NCI cancer Biomedical Informatics Grid (caBIG®), and includes a collaboration among the NCI Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology (CBIIT), the NCI Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory (NCL), and the NCI Alliance for Nanotechnology.Currently, caNanolab contains nanomaterial data of 765 "public" samples. 18 samples were contributed by National Characterization Lab (USA), while the remaining 747 were submitted by a curator at Washington University in St. Louis from 114 publications. The curated samples include simple nanoparticles, such as emulsions, metal oxides, nanohorns, nanorods, polymers, quantum dots, as well as complex particles, such as dendriworms, which are conjugates of crosslinked dextran-coated iron oxide particles and dendrimers. Data submission involves curation of sample composing elements, their function (imaging, targeting, therapeutic), physico-chemical (size, molecular weight, surface/zeta potential, etc.) properties, and in vitro (cytotoxicity, blood contact,targeting/gene expression, etc.) characterizations, based on information provided in corresponding publications or obtained from the authors.caNanoLab also contributes to and utilizes resources of NanoParticle Ontology("http://www.nano-ontology.org":http://www.nano-ontology.org).
Alternative developmental pathways and the propensity to migrate: a case study in the Atlantic salmon
Authors: PÁEZ D. J. , BRISSON‐BONENFANT C. , ROSSIGNOL O. , GUDERLEY H. E. , BERNATCHEZ L. , DODSON J. J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMigratory behaviour with its associated phenotypic changes is generally viewed as an adaptive strategy because it incurs survival or reproductive advantages to migrants. The development of a migrant phenotype is believed to be controlled by threshold mechanisms, where individuals emigrate only after surpassing a particular body size but delay migration if below. For such a strategy to respond to natural selection, part of the phenotypic variance in the propensity to migrate must be explained by variation in additive genetic effects. Here, we use data gathered in the field and from a common rearing experiment to test for a genetic basis associated with seaward migration in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.). We document a high heritability of the liability trait underlying the propensity to emigrate in juvenile salmon, and significant differences between offspring grouped according to their sires in body‐size threshold values above which emigration takes place. The presence of additive genetic variance in both the liability and thresholds makes the onset of migration a process sensitive to selection and may therefore constitute an important explanatory mechanism for the interpopulation differences in the size at seaward migration observed in this species.
Does tumour size really affect the safety of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy?
Authors: Porpiglia Francesco , Fiori Cristian , Bertolo Riccardo , Scarpa Roberto Mario 
Published: November 2010

Study Type – Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4 What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Partial nephrectomy is the standard treatment for the management of small renal masses, and laparoscopy has been widely used in this setting as it has all the principles of open procedures combined with the advantages of minimal invasiveness.Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy is feasible and has acceptable pathological results not only for small renal masses but also for large tumours, even if complication rate and ischemia time are still matters of debate.OBJECTIVE

To investigate the perioperative safety of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) for large renal masses (>4 cm).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

After Institutional Review Board approval, data from 100 consecutive patients who had undergone transperitoneal or retroperitoneal LPN at our institution from January 2005 to June 2009 were obtained from our prospectively maintained database.
The patients were divided into two groups according to radiological tumour size: group A (67 patients) with tumours ≤4 cm and group B (33 patients) with tumours >4 cm.
Demographic, perioperative and pathological data were evaluated.

RESULTS

The two groups were comparable in terms of demographic data. Mean tumour size was 2.4 and 5 cm (P= 0.0001) for groups A and B, respectively. Group B tumours were more complex, as reflected by significantly more with a central location (P= 0.002), and by significantly more transperitoneal LPNs, pelvicalyceal repairs and longer warm ischaemia time (WIT; 19 vs 28 min).
Complications were recorded in nine group A patients (13.4%) and nine group B patients (27.2%) (P= 0.09).
There was no difference between preoperative and postoperative serum creatinine levels in either group, while a significant difference was found in postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate between groups (P= 0.004).
The incidence of carcinoma was comparable between the two groups.
The incidence of positive surgical margins (PSMs) was 3.9% in group A, whereas no PSM was recorded in group B (P= 0.3).

CONCLUSIONS

Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for large tumours is feasible and has acceptable pathological results. However, the complication rate, in particular WIT, remains questionable.
Further studies are required to better clarify the role of LPN in the management of tumours of this size.
The Sexual Harassment Coercive Offer
Authors: ROCHA JAMES 
Published: November 2010

abstractThere is disagreement in the coercion literature over whether an offer, which necessarily lacks a threat, could be coercive, which tends to imply at least some affinity with coercion, which, in paradigm cases, includes a threat. In one difficult sexual harassment case, someone is offered a promotion in exchange for sex, but there is, due to the arrangement of the case, no implied threat or repercussion for refusal. I argue this case counts as coercive since the offer‐making attempts to recast the agent's self‐image simply by making the offer: the harasser attempts to define his employee as a sexualized object in the workplace to whom it is acceptable to make this kind of offer. Yet, such an offer can only be acceptably made to a woman who would accept sexual intrusions in her career, and it can never be right to assume others are willing to have their business lives sexualized. Thus, the offer is coercive in its disrespect for the employee's autonomy, although it involves no threat.
Identifying Key Metrics for Reducing Premature Departure from the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Cross Keith P. , Gracely Edward , Stevenson Michelle D. , Woods Charles R. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectives:  Approximately 2% to 5% of children presenting to pediatric emergency departments (PEDs) leave prior to a complete evaluation. This study assessed risk factors for premature departure (PD) from a PED to identify key metrics and cutoffs for reducing the PD rate.Methods:  A 3‐year cohort (June 2004–May 2007) of children presenting to a PED was evaluated. Children were excluded if they presented for psychiatric issues, were held awaiting hospital admission in the PED due to a lack of inpatient beds, were more than 21 years old, or died before disposition. Univariate analyses, multivariable logistic regression, and recursive partitioning were used to identify factors associated with PD. A fourth year of data (June 2007–May 2008) was used for validation and sensitivity analysis.Results:  There were 132,324 patient visits in the 3‐year derivation data set with a 3.8% PD rate, and 45,001 visits in the fourth‐year validation data set with a 4.3% PD rate. PDs were minimized when average wait time was below 110 minutes, concurrent PDs were fewer than two, and average length of stay (LOS) was less than 224 minutes in the derivation set, with similar results in the validation set. When these metrics were exceeded, PD rates were over 10% among low‐acuity patients. These findings were robust across a broad range of assumptions during sensitivity analysis.Conclusions:  The authors identified five key metrics associated with PD in the PED: average wait time, average LOS, acuity, concurrent PDs, and arrival rate. Operational cutoffs for these metrics, determined by recursive partitioning, may be useful to physicians and administrators when selecting specific interventions to address PDs from the PED.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:1197–1206 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine