bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm: a report of four cases and review of the literature
Authors: Borchiellini D. , Ghibaudo N. , Mounier N. , Del Giudice P. , Quinsat D. , Ticchioni M. , Perrin C. , Cardot Leccia N. , Lacour J.P. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground  Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN), formerly known as agranular CD4+/CD56+ haematodermic neoplasm (CD4/CD56 HN), is a rare distinct form of lymphoma‐like entity known of dermatologists because of its marked predilection for cutaneous involvement, and its aggressive behaviour. Moreover, the association or the evolution to an acute leukaemia entity that still expresses CD4 and CD56 markers is almost systematic. This new described entity of ‘CD4+/CD56+ leukaemia’ or ‘leukaemia of plasmacytoid dendritic cell lineage’ has a poor prognostic and may lead to include haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment strategy as early as possible.Report of cases  We report here four cases presenting with skin lesions and haematological signs. One of the patients underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation, with a relapse‐free survival of 40 months. We discuss the diagnosis features as well as the treatment options.Conclusion  A collaborative work between dermatologists and onco‐haematologists is essential to give patients the best chance of complete and long‐term response.
Don't Believe the Hype: Local Media Slant, Local Advertising, and Firm Value
Authors: GURUN UMIT G. , BUTLER ALEXANDER W. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTWhen local media report news about local companies, they use fewer negative words compared to the same media reporting about nonlocal companies. We document that one reason for this positive slant is the firms' local media advertising expenditures. Abnormal positive local media slant strongly relates to firm equity values. The effect is stronger for small firms; firms held predominantly by individual investors; and firms with illiquid or highly volatile stock, low analyst following, or high dispersion of analyst forecasts. These findings show that news content varies systematically with the characteristics and conflicts of interest of the source.
Carry Trades and Global Foreign Exchange Volatility
Authors: MENKHOFF LUKAS , SARNO LUCIO , SCHMELING MAIK , SCHRIMPF ANDREAS 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTWe investigate the relation between global foreign exchange (FX) volatility risk and the cross section of excess returns arising from popular strategies that borrow in low interest rate currencies and invest in high interest rate currencies, so‐called “carry trades.” We find that high interest rate currencies are negatively related to innovations in global FX volatility, and thus deliver low returns in times of unexpected high volatility, when low interest rate currencies provide a hedge by yielding positive returns. Furthermore, we show that volatility risk dominates liquidity risk and our volatility risk proxy also performs well for pricing returns of other portfolios.
Share Issuance and Factor Timing
Authors: GREENWOOD ROBIN , HANSON SAMUEL G. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTWe show that characteristics of stock issuers can be used to forecast important common factors in stocks' returns such as those associated with book‐to‐market, size, and industry. Specifically, we use differences between the attributes of stock issuers and repurchasers to forecast characteristic‐related factor returns. For example, we show that large firms underperform after years when issuing firms are large relative to repurchasing firms. While our strongest results are for portfolios based on book‐to‐market (i.e., HML), size (i.e., SMB), and industry, our approach is also useful for forecasting factor returns associated with distress, payout policy, and profitability.
Maintaining Participation and Momentum in Longitudinal Research Involving High‐Risk Families
Authors: Graziotti Ann L. , Hammond Jane , Messinger Daniel S. , Bann Carla M. , Miller‐Loncar Cynthia , Twomey Jean E. , Bursi Charlotte , Woldt Eunice , Ann Nelson Jay , Fleischmann Debra , Alexander Barbara 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of the current study was to identify and describe strategies available to optimize retention of a high‐risk research cohort and assist in the recovery of study participants following participant dropout.Design and Methods: The Maternal Lifestyle Study (MLS), which investigated the effects of prenatal substance exposure (cocaine or opiates) on child outcome, is a prospective longitudinal follow‐up study that extended from birth through 15 years of age. Retention strategies to maximize participation and factors that might negatively impact compliance were examined over the course of five follow‐up phases.Findings: At the conclusion of the 15‐year visits, MLS had successfully maintained compliance at 76%. Retention rates did not differ by exposure group.Conclusions: Maintaining ongoing participation of enrolled study subjects is a critical element of any successful longitudinal study. Strategies that can be used to reengage and maintain participants in longitudinal research include persistence, flexibility with scheduling, home visits, long‐distance trips, increased incentives, and development of a computerized tracking system. Establishing rapport with families and ensuring confidentiality contributed to overall participant retention. The use of multiple tracking techniques is essential.Clinical Relevance: Researchers are challenged to maintain participants in longitudinal studies to ensure the integrity of their research.
Occupational skin diseases
Authors: Diepgen Thomas L. 
Published: March 2012

Summary Occupational skin diseases are the most commonly reported notifiable occupational diseases. In Germany, 23 596 out of a total of 71 263 reported occupational diseases in 2010 were classified as occupational skin diseases (BK No. 5101: “severe or recurrent skin diseases which have forced the person to discontinue all occupational activities that caused or could cause the development, worsening, or recurrence of the disease”). Contact dermatitis (allergic, irritant) of the hands is the most common skin disease and atopic skin diathesis is often an important co‐factor. The number of work‐related skin diseases is many times higher than the number of notified occupational dermatoses. This CME article explains the legal framework of occupational diseases, the tasks and obligations of the legal statutory work insurance. Typical allergens and irritants of high risk professions are also presented as are the important steps from diagnosis to compensation. Early prevention of occupational skin diseases is very important to avoid severe chronic hand eczema. Therefore the “dermatologist's report” is crucial. Other occupational dermatoses (outside of BK 5101) are briefly mentioned. In recent years the number of notifications of occupational skin cancer due to occupational UV‐irradiation has increased. According to recent epidemiological findings, there is a significant and consistent positive association between occupational UV‐irradiation and squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore, an important criterion for a new occupational disease is fulfilled.
Testing the Medical Covenant: Caring for Patients with Advanced Dementia
Authors: May William F. 
Published: March 2012

A word, first, about the religious sensibility that I have found helpful to describe the care professionals owe to dying patients, particularly patients with advanced dementia.That word is covenant. It is a biblical term; but, today, it covers such dubious devices as real estate covenants. A real estate covenant often operates below the moral level of a contract to wall some people out of a neighborhood. Classically understood, however, the word covenant helps probe the obligations of doctors to their patients more deeply than the notion of a contract. Covenants of the sort I have in mind and contracts appear to be first cousins; they both include an agreement and an exchange between parties. But, in spirit, contracts and covenants differ markedly. Contracts are external; covenants are internal to the parties involved. We sign contracts in order to discharge them expediently. Contracts are limited and time-bound — whether a contract to fix plumbing or to charge such and such for a medical procedure.
Morphological structure and peripheral innervation of the lateral line system in the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii)
Authors: SONG Wei , SONG Jiakun 
Published: March 2012

AbstractLight and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the epidermal lateral line system of the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii Brandt, 1869). This system consists of mechanoreceptive neuromasts, ampullae and the electroreceptive organ. The neuromasts are located in 5 pairs of cephalic and 1 pair of trunk canals and superficially in the middle and posterior pit lines that lie dorsomedially along the top of the skull immediately adjacent to the otic ampullae field. Both canal neuromasts and pit organ superficial neuromasts have opposite polarized hair cells that are parallel along the axis of the canal and pit line, respectively. However, they differ in both size and shape and in the density and length of the hair bundles. The ampullae are confined on the head, adjacent to the neuromast lines. The morphological structure of the ampullae in the Siberian sturgeon is similar to the ampullae in elasmobranchs and other primitive fish. Nevertheless, it has a relatively large mucus‐filled ampulla, and a shorter and narrower canal leading to a small opening to the outer epidermal surface. We also present new information concerning the peripheral innervation of lateral line receptors in sturgeons. The receptors of the lateral line system are innervated by 2 pairs of cranial nerves: anterior and posterior lateral line nerves. The peripheral processes of the anterior lateral line nerve form superficial ophthalmic, buccal, otic and anteroventral rami. The peripheral processes of the posterior lateral line nerve form middle, supratemporal and lateral rami.
Use of electrosense in the feeding behavior of sturgeons
Authors: ZHANG Xuguang , SONG Jiakun , FAN Chunxin , GUO Hongyi , WANG Xiaojie , BLECKMANN Horst 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe electro‐receptive lateral line system appeared early in the evolutionary history of fish. Sturgeons, members of the primitive Chondrostei group, are known for their electroreceptors (ampullae of Lorenzini) on the head, which are thought to be sensitive to weak electric fields in aquatic environments and involved in feeding, mating and migration. Here, we report the results of a set of behavioral and electrophysiological experiments designed to determine the function and characteristics of the electrosense in cultured sturgeons. The results showed Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii Brandt, 1869) feeding striking at bio‐electric fields produced by living feed‐fish enclosed in a gel chamber and at the corrosion field produced by metal rods. With an electric stimulus that mimics the bio‐electric fields produced by living prey, the relative discharge rate of electrosensory neurons in the dorsal octavolateralis nucleus (DON) was modulated by and phase‐locked to sinusoidal stimulus and some units showed selectivity for dipolar direction in white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus Richardson, 1836). This is the first study to provide the empirical evidence correlating with electrosensory behaviors and electrophysiological responses in cultured sturgeons, and suggesting that electrosense does play an innate role in feeding behavior of sturgeon. We believe this will have important implications for protecting sturgeons in the wild.
Differences in mating behavior lead to asymmetric mating interactions and consequential changes in sex ratio between an invasive and an indigenous whitefly
Authors: LUAN Junbo , LIU Shusheng 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe invasive B whitefly and the indigenous ZHJ2 whitefly in China of the Bemisia tabaci complex represent two previously allopatric cryptic species. Laboratory experiments have shown that the invasive B can displace the indigenous ZHJ2. Here, we observed the mating behavior and mating interactions between B and ZHJ2 to elucidate the behavioral mechanisms underlying their competition. The 2 species are able to mate with each other, although at a significantly lower frequency than that between males and females within the same species. Heterospecifically‐mated females produce only male progeny, indicating reproductive isolation. Heterospecific mating had only a marginal effect on reproduction of females in either species. Detailed observations on mating interactions between the 2 species showed that B had higher sexual activity than ZHJ2. B males were more likely to interrupt courtships initiated by rival males than ZHJ2 males. Compared with ZHJ2 males, B males were also more likely to successfully interrupt courtships initiated by rival heterospecific males than by males of the same species. In addition, B males guarded B females post‐copulation, whereas ZHJ2 males did not. When the 2 species co‐occurred, the behavioral differences and interactions between them resulted in an increased proportion of females produced in the offspring of B but reduced proportion of females in the progeny of ZHJ2. These asymmetric mating interactions might be an important mechanism underlying the displacement of ZHJ2 by B. Our study shows that reproductive interference might contribute to the competitive exclusion between closely related species during biological invasions.
Wound healing during hibernation by black bears (Ursus americanus) in the wild: elicitation of reduced scar formation
Authors: IAIZZO Paul A. , LASKE Timothy G. , HARLOW Henry J. , McCLAY Carolyn B. , GARSHELIS David L. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractEven mildly hypothermic body or limb temperatures can retard healing processes in mammals. Despite this, we observed that hibernating American black bears (Ursus americanus Pallas, 1780) elicit profound abilities in mounting inflammatory responses to infection and/or foreign bodies. In addition, they resolve injuries during hibernation while maintaining mildly hypothermic states (30–35 °C) and without eating, drinking, urinating or defecating. We describe experimental studies on free‐ranging bears that document their abilities to completely resolve cutaneous cuts and punctures incurred during or prior to hibernation. We induced small, full‐thickness cutaneous wounds (biopsies or incisions) during early denning, and re‐biopsied sites 2–3 months later (near the end of denning). Routine histological methods were used to characterize these skin samples. All biopsied sites with respect to secondary intention (open circular biopsies) and primary intention (sutured sites) healed, with evidence of initial eschar (scab) formation, completeness of healed epidermis and dermal layers, dyskeratosis (inclusion cysts), and abilities to produce hair follicles. These healing abilities of hibernating black bears are a clear survival advantage to animals injured before or during denning. Bears are known to have elevated levels of hibernation induction trigger (delta‐opioid receptor agonist) and ursodeoxycholic acid (major bile acid within plasma, mostly conjugated with taurine) during hibernation, which may relate to these wound‐healing abilities. Further research as to the underlying mechanisms of wound healing during hibernation could have applications in human medicine. Unique approaches may be found to improve healing for malnourished, hypothermic, diabetic and elderly patients or to reduce scarring associated with burns and traumatic injuries.
Accidental Exposure to UV Radiation Produced by Germicidal Lamp: Case Report and Risk Assessment
Authors: Zaffina Salvatore , Camisa Vincenzo , Lembo Marco , Vinci Maria Rosaria , Tucci Mario Graziano , Borra Massimo , Napolitano Antonio , Cannatà Vittorio 
Published: March 2012

AbstractUltraviolet radiation is known to cause both benefits and harmful effects on humans. The adverse effects mainly involve two target organs, skin and eye, and can be further divided into short‐ and long‐term effects. The present case report describes an accidental exposure of two health‐care workers to ultraviolet radiation produced by a germicidal lamp in a hospital pharmacy. The germicidal lamp presented a spectrum with an intense UV‐C component as well as a modest UV‐B contribution. Overexposure to UV‐C radiation was over 100 times as large as the ICNIRP exposure limits. A few hours after the exposure, the two subjects reported symptoms of acute UV injury and both of them continued having significant clinical signs for over 2 years. In this study, we describe acute and potentially irreversible effects caused by high UV exposure. In addition, we present the results of risk assessment by occupational exposure to germicidal lamps.
The role of leptin in glucose homeostasis
Authors: Denroche Heather C , Huynh Frank K , Kieffer Timothy J 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe fat‐derived hormone, leptin, is well known to regulate body weight. However, there is now substantial evidence that leptin also plays a primary role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis, independent of actions on food intake, energy expenditure or body weight. As such, leptin might have clinical utility in treating hyperglycemia, particularly in conditions of leptin deficiency, such as lipodystrophy and diabetes mellitus. The mechanisms through which leptin modulates glucose metabolism have not been fully elucidated. Leptin receptors are widely expressed in peripheral tissues, including the endocrine pancreas, liver, skeletal muscle and adipose, and both direct and indirect leptin action on these tissues contributes to the control of glucose homeostasis. Here we review the role of leptin in glucose homeostasis, along with our present understanding of the mechanisms involved. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040‐1124.2012.00203.x, 2012)
Attenuation of Chikungunya Virus Vaccine Strain 181/Clone 25 Is Determined by Two Amino Acid Substitutions in the E2 Envelope Glycoprotein
Authors: Gorchakov Rodion , Wang Eryu , Leal Grace , Forrester Naomi L. , Plante Kenneth , Rossi Shannan L. , Partidos Charalambos D. , Adams A. Paige , Seymour Robert L. , Weger James , Borland Erin M. , Sherman Michael B. , Powers Ann M. , Osorio Jorge E. , Weaver Scott C. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is the mosquito-borne alphavirus that is the etiologic agent of massive outbreaks of arthralgic febrile illness that recently affected millions of people in Africa and Asia. The only CHIKV vaccine that has been tested in humans, strain 181/clone 25, is a live-attenuated derivative of Southeast Asian human isolate strain AF15561. The vaccine was immunogenic in phase I and II clinical trials; however, it induced transient arthralgia in 8% of the vaccinees. There are five amino acid differences between the vaccine and its parent, as well as five synonymous mutations, none of which involves
cis
-acting genome regions known to be responsible for replication or packaging. To identify the determinants of attenuation, we therefore tested the five nonsynonymous mutations by cloning them individually or in different combinations into infectious clones derived from two wild-type (WT) CHIKV strains, La Reunion and AF15561. Levels of virulence were compared with those of the WT strains and the vaccine strain in two different murine models: infant CD1 and adult A129 mice. An attenuated phenotype indistinguishable from that of the 181/clone 25 vaccine strain was obtained by the simultaneous expression of two E2 glycoprotein substitutions, with intermediate levels of attenuation obtained with the single E2 mutations. The other three amino acid mutations, in nsP1, 6K, and E1, did not have a detectable effect on CHIKV virulence. These results indicate that the attenuation of strain 181/clone 25 is mediated by two point mutations, explaining the phenotypic instability observed in human vaccinees and also in our studies.
Ultrastructural Visualization of Individual Tegument Protein Dissociation during Entry of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 into Human and Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons
Authors: Aggarwal Anupriya , Miranda-Saksena Monica , Boadle Ross A. , Kelly Barbara J. , Diefenbach Russell J. , Alam Waafiqa , Cunningham Anthony L. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) enters neurons primarily by fusion of the viral envelope with the host cell plasma membrane, leading to the release of the capsid into the cytosol. The capsid travels via microtubule-mediated retrograde transport to the nuclear membrane, where the viral DNA is released for replication in the nucleus. In the present study, the composition and kinetics of incoming HSV-1 capsids during entry and retrograde transport in axons of human fetal and dissociated rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons were examined by wide-field deconvolution microscopy and transmission immunoelectron microscopy (TIEM). We show that HSV-1 tegument proteins, including VP16, VP22, most pUL37, and some pUL36, dissociated from the incoming virions. The inner tegument proteins, including pUL36 and some pUL37, remained associated with the capsid during virus entry and transit to the nucleus in the neuronal cell body. By TIEM, a progressive loss of tegument proteins, including VP16, VP22, most pUL37, and some pUL36, was observed, with most of the tegument dissociating at the plasma membrane of the axons and the neuronal cell body. Further dissociation occurred within the axons and the cytosol as the capsids moved to the nucleus, resulting in the release of free tegument proteins, especially VP16, VP22, pUL37, and some pUL36, into the cytosol. This study elucidates ultrastructurally the composition of HSV-1 capsids that encounter the microtubules in the core of human axons and the complement of free tegument proteins released into the cytosol during virus entry.
Trends in the coverage of ‘universal’ child health reviews: observational study using routinely available data
Authors: Wood Rachael , Stirling Alex , Nolan Claire , Chalmers Jim , Blair Mitch 
Published: March 2012

ObjectivesUniversally offered child health reviews form the backbone of the UK child health programme. The reviews assess children's health, development and well-being and facilitate access to additional support as required. The number of reviews offered per child has been reduced over recent years to allow more flexible provision of support to families in need: equitable coverage of the remaining reviews is therefore particularly important. This study assessed the coverage of universal child health reviews, with an emphasis on trends over time and inequalities in coverage by deprivation.DesignAssessment of the coverage of child health reviews by area-based deprivation using routinely available data. Supplementary audit of the quality of the routine data source used.SettingScotland.ParticipantsTwo cohorts of around 40 000 children each. The cohorts were born in 1998/1999 and 2007/2008 and eligible for the previous programme of five and the current programme of two preschool reviews, respectively.Outcome measuresCoverage of the specified child health reviews for the whole cohorts and by deprivation.ResultsCoverage of the 10 day review is high (99%), but it progressively declines for reviews at older ages (86% for the 39–42 month review). Coverage is lower in children living in the most deprived areas for all reviews, and the discrepancy progressively increases for reviews at older ages (78% and 92% coverage for the 39–42 month review in most and least deprived groups). Coverage has been stable over time: it has not increased for the remaining reviews after reduction in the number of reviews provided.ConclusionsThe inverse care law continues to operate in relation to ‘universal’ child health reviews. Equitable uptake of reviews is important to ensure maximum likely impact on inequalities in children's outcomes.