bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grassland restoration after afforestation: No direction home?
Authors: ZALOUMIS NICHOLAS P. , BOND WILLIAM J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe coastal grasslands in north‐eastern South Africa are a severely threatened vegetation type rich in plant species, particularly forbs. Many of the forbs have underground storage organs which allow them to resprout rapidly after fires. A significant portion of this land was placed under commercial pine afforestation in the 1950s. The pine plantations have since been removed starting 17 years ago and restored to grasslands within a conservation area. We assessed the effects of plantations on grassland plant diversity and functional trait composition by sampling 64 circular quadrats of 5 m radius distributed equally in restored versus natural grasslands. The difference in plant diversity was dramatic with the natural grassland supporting 221 species of which 163 were forbs compared with 144 and only 73 forb species in restored grasslands. Major differences in species composition were recorded, especially for forb species. Natural grasslands were dominated by resprouters (130 species) but these were rare in the restored grasslands (36 species). Differences in plant species response to fire were also evident for the two grassland states. In contrast to coastal forest restoration studies in the same area which have shown near linear increases in woody species with time, restored grasslands showed no increase in forb species richness with increasing time since clear‐felling of pines. Our results indicate that current methods for restoring these grasslands are inadequate and that restoring grasslands may be a lot harder than previously thought. Considerable effort should be made in conserving what is left of natural grasslands.
Marked gestational edema as a clinical sign of life‐threatening condition
Authors: Koyama Takahiro , Yamada Takashi , Morikawa Mamoru , Tanaka Rieko , Yamamura Mie , Araki Naoto , Yamada Takahiro , Shimada Shigeki , Minakami Hisanori 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA 35‐year‐old Japanese nulliparous woman exhibited rapid weight gain (6 kg/7 days), reduced antithrombin activity and platelet count at 37 weeks of gestation without hypertension or proteinuria, and underwent cesarean section. Postnatally, pulmonary edema developed for 7 days, with transient hypertension and proteinuria, and bodyweight loss (14.6 kg) by 14 days postpartum. Platelet count and antithrombin activity normalized promptly postpartum. Despite a life‐threatening clinical condition due to enhanced vascular permeability, neither hypertension nor proteinuria appeared antenatally. Determining antithrombin activity and platelet count may be useful for distinguishing between women with pathological edema and physiological edema.
Recent trends in the prevalence of and factors associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy in Japan
Authors: Suzuki Kohta , Sato Miri , Tanaka Taichiro , Kondo Naoki , Yamagata Zentaro 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAim:  To compare the prevalence of maternal smoking during pregnancy and the correlations between maternal smoking and other maternal lifestyle or pregnancy factors between the years 1996–2001 and 2001–2006.Methods:  The participants were pregnant women who responded to questionnaires while registering their pregnancies between 1 April 1996 and 31 March 2001 (Group 1), and between 1 April 2001 and 31 March 2006 (Group 2). The odds ratios were calculated with a 95% confidence interval for maternal smoking during early pregnancy by using a logistic multivariate regression analysis based on maternal factors.Results:  In Group 1, 1051 pregnant women responded to the questionnaire administered at pregnancy registration, and 86 (8.2%) mothers reported smoking during early pregnancy. In Group 2, 1022 pregnant women responded, and 91 (8.9%) mothers reported smoking during early pregnancy. There was no significant difference between the groups. In both groups, partner smoking and skipping breakfast were significantly associated with maternal smoking. In Group 2, unintended pregnancy was significantly associated with maternal smoking.Conclusions:  To prevent maternal smoking during pregnancy, it is necessary to carefully monitor pregnant women who report partner smoking, skipping breakfast, and unintended pregnancy.
Are heterochromatin polymorphisms associated with recurrent miscarriage?
Authors: Caglayan Ahmet Okay , Ozyazgan Isılay , Demiryilmaz Fatma , Ozgun Mahmut Tuncay 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAim:  Recurrent miscarriage is a multifactorial problem associated with genetic abnormalities reflected by inherited disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate the contribution of chromosomal abnormalities and the frequency of a particular type of aberration in couples of Turkish origin with recurrent miscarriages compared with patients without miscarriages.Methods:  A total of 336 patients with recurrent miscarriages and 427 patients without miscarriages were analyzed.Results:  In the recurrent miscarriage group, a structural chromosomal abnormality was found in four patients (1%). Twelve patients had mosaic karyotype (3%) and the total rate of chromosomal abnormalities was 4% in this group. The karyotypes were composed of polymorphisms in 8% of patients with recurrent miscarriages compared with 4% in the control group (P < 0.05).Conclusion:  The overall high incidence of chromosome polymorphisms in patients with recurrent miscarriages compared to the normal population needs to be confirmed with additional investigations including larger populations in order to delineate the role of ‘harmless’ chromosomal aberrations in the etiology of recurrent spontaneous abortions.
Four weeks administration of Liraglutide improves memory and learning as well as glycaemic control in mice with high fat dietary‐induced obesity and insulin resistance
Authors: Porter D. W. , Kerr B. D. , Flatt P. R. , Holscher C. , Gault V. A. 
Published: June 2010

Aim: Liraglutide is a long‐acting glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) mimetic which is a treatment option for type 2 diabetes. GLP‐1 peptides, including Liraglutide, cross the blood‐brain barrier and may additionally act to improve brain function. The present study tested the hypothesis that, in addition to its antihyperglycaemic actions, peripheral administration of Liraglutide exerts positive actions on cognitive function in mice with high fat dietary‐induced obesity and insulin resistance. Methods: Young Swiss TO mice maintained on high fat diet for 20 weeks received twice‐daily injections of Liraglutide (200 µg/kg bw; sc) or saline vehicle over 28 days. An additional group of mice on standard diet received twice‐daily saline injections. Energy intake, bodyweight, non‐fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were monitored at regular intervals. Glucose tolerance, open field assessment, object recognition testing and electrophysiological long‐term potentiation (LTP) were performed at termination of the study. Results: Liraglutide treatment resulted in significant time‐dependent reduction in bodyweight and energy intake, whilst improving non‐fasting glucose and normalizing glucose tolerance. Although Liraglutide did not alter general behaviour, treated mice exhibited marked increase in recognition index (RI) during object recognition testing, indicative of enhanced learning and memory ability. Furthermore, Liraglutide rescued the deleterious effects of high fat diet on hippocampal LTP of neurotransmission following both chronic and direct intracerebroventricular (icv) administration. Conclusion: Liraglutide administered peripherally not only improves metabolic parameters but exerts additional beneficial effects on cognitive function and hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Whether therapy with GLP‐1 mimetics has similar effects in humans with type 2 diabetes needs to be established.
Nicorandil‐induced penile ulcerations: a case series
Authors: Yap Tet , Philippou Prodromos , Perry Matthew , Lam Wayne , Corbishley Cathy , Watkin Nick 
Published: June 2010

Study Type – Harm (case series) Level of Evidence 4 What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Nicorandil is used as a vasodilator for the prevention and long‐term treatment of angina. However, ulceration induced by nicorandil has been reported in the past, involving the mouth, anus and other parts of the gastrointestinal system.We herein report the largest to‐date series of external genitalia ulceration, related to treatment with nicorandil.OBJECTIVETo report on the largest series to date of ulceration of the external genitalia, related to treatment with nicorandil – a vasodilator for the prevention and long‐term treatment of angina – and to review the literature on the subject, focusing on the clinical features and the pathogenesis of this rare, yet marked, side‐effect.PATIENTS AND METHODSThree patients (aged 71–83 years) were referred for severe ulceration of the penis. A complete work‐up was performed to exclude potential underlying causes, including malignancy and sexually transmitted diseases. After a careful review of the patients’ medical history, a potentially causal relationship was noted; all patients had been taking nicorandil for at least 2 years before the development of penile ulceration.RESULTSPenile ulcers associated with nicorandil are characteristically large, deep, painful and have punched‐out edges. They usually involve the prepuce or the penile shaft skin. Higher doses of nicorandil (at least 40 mg daily) and surgical procedures seem to increase the risk for nicorandil‐related ulceration. Response to topical steroids is poor, but complete healing is achieved by discontinuation of nicorandil, while surgical treatment should be discouraged.CONCLUSIONThe growing body of literature showing the link between treatment with nicorandil and ulceration at multiple sites has led to the recognition of this side‐effect by the World Health Organization. Nicorandil‐related ulcers rarely involve the penile skin and constitute a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The pathogenesis of this rare side‐effect is largely unknown, but mechanisms such as the ‘vascular steal phenomenon’ and the direct toxic effect of the drug or its metabolites have been implicated.
Early oncological outcomes of robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy for high‐grade prostate cancer
Authors: Wambi Chris O. , Siddiqui Sameer A. , Krane L. Spencer , Agarwal Piyush K. , Stricker Hans J. , Peabody James O. 
Published: June 2010

Study Type – Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4OBJECTIVETo evaluate the oncological outcomes of patients with specimen Gleason 8 and 9 prostate cancers and to determine factors that predict biochemical recurrence‐free survival (BCRFS) after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP).PATIENTS AND METHODSOf 4156 patients who underwent RARP from January 2001 to 2009, we identified 368 men with Gleason 8 or 9 tumours who met the inclusion criteria. BCR was defined as a PSA level of ≥0.2 ng/mL with a second rising value. The Kaplan–Meier method and log‐rank test were used to compare BCRFS while factors that predict BCRFS were determined by Cox proportional hazards modelling.RESULTSThe median age and PSA level were 62 years and 6.4 ng/mL for men with Gleason 8, and 63 years and 6.7 ng/mL for Gleason 9 cancers. The median (interquartile range, IQR) overall follow‐up was 23 (10–46) months and 19 (7–37) months for Gleason 8 and 9 tumours, respectively. At 60 months the mean (se) overall BCRFS was 36 (5)% and for Gleason 8 it was 47 (6)% and for Gleason 9 it was 21 (7)% (P < 0.001). At 5 years, extraprostatic extension (pT3a) resulted in BCRFS of 52 (9)% for Gleason 8 tumours and 21 (11)% for Gleason 9 (P= 0.012). On multivariable analysis, lymph node invasion, specimen Gleason score, pathological stage and tumour volume predicted BCRFS.CONCLUSIONSEarly results suggest RARP monotherapy performs comparably to RP for BCRFS in men with high‐grade prostate cancer. There are significant oncological differences between Gleason 8 and 9 tumours.
Behavioural Orientations of Non‐Profit Boards as a Factor in Entrepreneurial Performance: Does Governance Matter?
Authors: Coombes Susan M. T. , Morris Michael H. , Allen Jeffrey A. , Webb Justin W. 
Published: June 2010

abstractRelatively little is understood about factors triggering entrepreneurial behaviour within organizations not driven by profit motives. Governance plays an important role in non‐profits, particularly boards of directors. Integrating resource‐based theory and entrepreneurial orientation research, we examine the influence of non‐profit boards as strategic resources shaping the organization's entrepreneurial orientation and performance. In particular, we focus on the non‐profit board's underlying behavioural orientations, or the extent to which the board is strategic, activist, conservative, and cohesive. Findings from a cross‐sectional survey on arts and culture organizations demonstrate that three of these behavioural orientations impact levels of entrepreneurship occurring within non‐profits. Higher levels of entrepreneurship affect social performance, but not financial performance.
Reliability and validity of the Norwegian translation of the Child Eating Disorder Examination (ChEDE)
Authors: FRAMPTON IAN , WISTING LINE , ØVERÅS MARIA , MIDTSUND MARIE , LASK BRYAN 
Published: June 2010

Frampton, I., Wisting, L., Øverås, M., Midtsund, M. & Lask, B. (2011). Reliability and validity of the Norwegian translation of the Child Eating Disorder Examination (ChEDE). Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 52, 196–199.The Child Eating Disorder Examination (ChEDE) is a valid and reliable semi‐structured interview, which measures eating‐disorder specific psychopathology in children and young adolescents. The instrument is an adaptation of version 12.0D of the original Eating Disorder Examination (EDE 12.0) for adults. The Norwegian translation of the ChEDE is currently the only instrument for assessing eating disorder psychopathology in Norwegian children and adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Norwegian translation of the ChEDE 12.0. The Norwegian version of ChEDE 12.0 was administered to 15 Norwegian children with anorexia nervosa (AN), 15 children with diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM) and two groups of 15 age‐matched controls. The groups were compared using a matched pairs design. The results showed that the subscale scores of the AN group were significantly higher than those of the other groups, and the DM comparison group did not differ from its control group. The current AN group scored significantly higher on the Shape Concern subscale than the previous UK sample, with implications for construct validity or cross‐cultural effects worthy of further study. Inter‐rater reliability was generally high (r = 0.91 to 1.00), although there were significant differences between raters on specific items for individual participants. Alpha coefficients for each of the ChEDE subscales indicated a high degree of internal consistency. It was concluded that the Norwegian version of the ChEDE 12 has adequate psychometric properties and can be recommended for clinical and research use with young people with eating disorders in Norway.
Napoleon and the Universal Monarchy
Authors: DWYER PHILIP 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAlthough the idea of ‘Universal Monarchy’ has existed since the early middle ages, the term started to be used pejoratively from the sixteenth century onwards. This article looks at the manner in which contemporaries perceived Napoleon's actions on the international scene, and how they used the term in relation to his foreign policy. Most of Europe's political elite believed that Napoleon was bent on some sort of ‘universal domination’, and that it was not limited to Europe. That perception was a direct result of an aggressive, expansionist French foreign policy. Napoleon's intentions, on the other hand, are more ambiguous. While at times he adopted a rhetoric which informed contemporary fears, the practical limits to his foreign policy were such that ‘Universal Monarchy’ could never be anything more than an ephemeral dream.
Exclusionary Policies are Not Just about the ‘Neoliberal City’: A Critique of Theories of Urban Revanchism and the Case of Rotterdam
Authors: VAN EIJK GWEN 
Published: June 2010

AbstractExclusionary urban policies have repeatedly been interpreted as ‘urban revanchism’— strategies aimed at attracting gentrifiers and tourists at the expense of marginal and minority groups. This article scrutinizes the claim that exclusionary policies are driven by economic insecurities and motives to attract capital. Rotterdam serves as an extreme case through which I examine who supports exclusionary policies, and for what reasons. The case study shows that urban policies are intertwined with ideas about multiculturalism and integration. This suggests that concerns about national unity also play a role, and that de‐concentration (and creating mixed neighbourhoods) is, like citizenship, a strategy for inclusion, which, in effect, logically excludes people. I argue that insecurities that stem from concerns about national unity and demands for social order should be acknowledged as additional drivers of exclusionary policies and the latter cannot be reduced to economic motives. I conclude that current theories of urban revanchism need to incorporate a more complex notion of ‘safety’ and of ways in which insecurities produce strategies of exclusion and inclusion.Résumé On interprète souvent les politiques urbaines d’exclusion comme l’expression d’un ‘revanchisme urbain’, autrement dit des stratégies visant à séduire touristes et acteurs de la gentrification, aux dépens de groupes marginaux ou minoritaires. L’article examine l’affirmation selon laquelle les politiques d’exclusion sont motivées par les insécurités économiques et la volonté d’attirer le capital. En considérant le cas extrême de Rotterdam, il s’intéresse aux personnes qui soutiennent les politiques d’exclusion, et à leurs motivations. L’étude de cas montre que les politiques urbaines sont étroitement liées aux idées sur le multiculturalisme et l’intégration. On peut donc penser que les préoccupations d’unité nationale jouent également un rôle, et que la dé‐concentration (avec la création de quartiers mixtes) constitue, comme la citoyenneté, une stratégie d’inclusion qui, dans les faits, exclut logiquement des individus. Les insécurités qui naissent de préoccupations d’unité nationale et de demandes d’ordre social devraient être reconnues comme des facteurs supplémentaires des politiques d’exclusion, les secondes pouvant être ramenées à des mobiles économiques. En conclusion, les théories actuelles du revanchisme urbain doivent incorporer une notion plus complexe de la ‘sécurité’ et de la façon dont les insécurités produisent des stratégies d’exclusion et d’inclusion.
Acupuncture for the induction of labour: a double‐blind randomised controlled study
Authors: Modlock J , Nielsen BB , Uldbjerg N 
Published: June 2010

Please cite this paper as: Modlock J, Nielsen B, Uldbjerg N. Acupuncture for the induction of labour: a double‐blind randomised controlled study. BJOG 2010;117:1255–1261.Objective  To investigate whether acupuncture is effective for the induction of labour in post‐term pregnancies.Design  A double‐blind multicentre randomised controlled study.Settings  Aarhus University Hospital and Herning Regional Hospital, Denmark.Population  One hundred and twenty‐five healthy women with uneventful pregnancies at gestational week 41+6 were randomised into two groups.Methods  The intervention group was given acupuncture twice on the same day at acupuncture point GV20 and bilaterally at points BL67, LI4 and SP6. The control group received sham acupuncture at the same points.Main outcome measures  At effect evaluation, which was carried out 24 hours after randomisation, the primary endpoint was labour or delivery.Results  The primary endpoint was achieved in seven women (12%) in the acupuncture group and eight women (14%) in the control group (P = 0.79). Stratification for parity and fetal gender did not alter the results.Conclusion  Under the treatment regimen investigated in this study, acupuncture for the induction of labour in post‐term women at gestational age 41+6 weeks may not be effective.
Multifaceted intervention to decrease the rate of severe postpartum haemorrhage: the PITHAGORE6 cluster‐randomised controlled trial
Authors: Deneux‐Tharaux C , Dupont C , Colin C , Rabilloud M , Touzet S , Lansac J , Harvey T , Tessier V , Chauleur C , Pennehouat G , Morin X , Bouvier‐Colle MH , Rudigoz R 
Published: June 2010

Please cite this paper as: Deneux‐Tharaux C, Dupont C, Colin C, Rabilloud M, Touzet S, Lansac J, Harvey T, Tessier V, Chauleur C, Pennehouat G, Morin X, Bouvier‐Colle M, Rudigoz R. Multifaceted intervention to decrease the rate of severe postpartum haemorrhage: the PITHAGORE6 cluster‐randomised controlled trial. BJOG 2010;117:1278–1287.Objective  Decreasing the prevalence of severe postpartum haemorrhages (PPH) is a major obstetrical challenge. These are often considered to be associated with substandard initial care. Strategies to increase the appropriateness of early management of PPH must be assessed. We tested the hypothesis that a multifaceted intervention aimed at increasing the translation into practice of a protocol for early management of PPH, would reduce the incidence of severe PPH.Design  Cluster‐randomised trial.Population  106 maternity units in six French regions.Methods  Maternity units were randomly assigned to receive the intervention, or to have the protocol passively disseminated. The intervention combined outreach visits to discuss the protocol in each local context, reminders, and peer reviews of severe incidents, and was implemented in each maternity hospital by a team pairing an obstetrician and a midwife.Main outcome measures  The primary outcome was the incidence of severe PPH, defined as a composite of one or more of: transfusion, embolisation, surgical procedure, transfer to intensive care, peripartum haemoglobin decrease of 4 g/dl or more, death. The main secondary outcomes were PPH management practices.Results  The mean rate of severe PPH was 1.64% (SD 0.80) in the intervention units and 1.65% (SD 0.96) in control units; difference not significant. Some elements of PPH management were applied more frequently in intervention units—help from senior staff (P = 0.005), or tended to ‐ second‐line pharmacological treatment (P = 0.06), timely blood test (P = 0.09).Conclusion  This educational intervention did not affect the rate of severe PPH as compared with control units, although it improved some practices.