bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Size–strength relationships of the elbow flexors and extensors are not affected by age or gender
Authors: Akagi Ryota , Takai Yohei , Ohta Megumi , Kanehisa Hiroaki , Fukunaga Tetsuo , Kawakami Yasuo 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn the present study, we examined the relationships between muscle volume and joint torque for the elbow flexors and extensors in young and elderly individuals, with the aim of evaluating age effects on these relationships. The participants were 45 young (27 men and 18 women aged 20–37 years) and 51 elderly (19 men and 32 women aged 60–77 years) individuals. The joint torques developed during isometric maximal voluntary elbow flexion and extension were measured using a torque meter. The muscle volumes of the elbow flexors and extensors were determined by magnetic resonance imaging. For the elbow flexors, joint torque was significantly correlated with muscle volume in both young and elderly individuals (r=0.564–0.872). There were also significant correlations between muscle volume and joint torque for the elbow extensors in elderly men and women as well as in young men and women (r=0.715–0.826). None of the y‐intercepts of the regression lines between muscle volume and joint torque were significantly different from zero. Furthermore, no significant age or gender effects on the joint torque per muscle volume of the elbow flexors and extensors were observed. The present results suggest that muscle volume is a main determinant of joint torque regardless of age and gender, for both muscle groups.
Association between physical activity and health in German adolescents
Authors: Tittlbach Susanne A. , Sygusch Ralf , Brehm Walter , Woll Alexander , Lampert Thomas , Abele Andrea E. , Bös Klaus 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe aim of the study was to examine the relationships between physical activity and several health parameters in German adolescents. We predicted that the association between physical activity and physical and psychosocial health resources (physical and psychosocial characteristics that tend to enhance coping and well‐being) would be stronger than the association between physical activity and health deficits. This research is based on a large representative, cross‐sectional study (the German Health Interview and Examination Survey [KiGGS] and the Motoric‐Module [MoMo]). Health was assessed using medical parameters, motor fitness data, and questionnaire data for various health‐related parameters. To assess physical activity, the participants answered questions regarding the duration and intensity of weekly physical activity in leisure and organized sports. We tested our assumptions using a representative sample (N=2291; 50.5% boys) of German adolescents aged 11–17 years. Participants were classified as physically inactive (16.7%), somewhat active (24.7%), medium active (19.8%), active (14.4%) or highly active (24.4%), based on the duration and intensity of their weekly physical activity. In support of our hypothesis, the data revealed that the amount of physical activity explains up to 12.6% in the variance of physical and psychosocial health resources, but only 2.5% of the variance in physical and psychosocial health deficits. We conclude that the relationship between physical activity and health among adolescents should not only be viewed as a way of reducing health deficits, but should also focus on the enhancement of physical and psychosocial resources.
Seasonal Evolutions of Atmospheric Response to Decadal SST Anomalies in the North Pacific Subarctic Frontal Zone: Observations and a Coupled Model Simulation
Authors: Taguchi Bunmei , Nakamura Hisashi , Nonaka Masami , Komori Nobumasa , Kuwano-Yoshida Akira , Takaya Koutarou , Goto Atsushi 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Potential impacts of pronounced decadal-scale variations in the North Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) that tend to be confined to the subarctic frontal zone (SAFZ) upon seasonally varying atmospheric states are investigated, by using 48-yr observational data and a 120-yr simulation with an ocean–atmosphere coupled general circulation model (CGCM). SST fields based on in situ observations and the ocean component of the CGCM have horizontal resolutions of 2.0° and 0.5°, respectively, which can reasonably resolve frontal SST gradient across the SAFZ. Both the observations and CGCM simulation provide a consistent picture between SST anomalies in the SAFZ yielded by its decadal-scale meridional displacement and their association with atmospheric anomalies. Correlated with SST anomalies persistent in the SAFZ from fall to winter, a coherent decadal-scale signal in the wintertime atmospheric circulation over the North Pacific starts emerging in November and develops into an equivalent barotropic anomaly pattern similar to the Pacific–North American (PNA) pattern. The PNA-like signal with the weakened (enhanced) surface Aleutian low correlated with positive (negative) SST anomalies in the SAFZ becomes strongest and most robust in January, under the feedback forcing from synoptic-scale disturbances migrating along the Pacific storm track that shifts northward (southward) in accord with the oceanic SAFZ. This PNA-like signal, however, breaks down in February, which is suggestive of a particular sensitivity of that anomaly pattern to subtle differences in the background climatological-mean state. Despite its collapse in February, the PNA-like signal recurs the next January. This subseasonal evolution of the signal suggests that the PNA-like anomaly pattern may develop as a response to the persistent SST anomalies that are maintained mainly through ocean dynamics.
Pontine Tegmental Cap Dysplasia
Authors: Desai Nilesh K. , Young Lindsay , Miranda Mario A. , Kutz Joe Walter , Roland Peter S. , Booth Timothy N. 
Published: June 2011

ObjectivesPontine tegmental cap dysplasia (PTCD) is a rare congenital malformation. Clinical and imaging findings in 3 patients and the authors’ experience with bilateral cochlear implantation in 1 patient are described.Study DesignRetrospective review.SettingTwo tertiary medical centers.Subjects and MethodsThree patients were evaluated by an otolaryngologist and underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the temporal bones and brain. High‐resolution computed tomography (CT) scanning of the temporal bones was performed in 2 patients. Imaging findings of the brain, the presence and course of resolvable cranial nerves, the membranous labyrinth, and internal auditory canals were reviewed. Clinical data were reviewed.ResultsAll patients demonstrated typical brain characteristics of PTCD. Mild, bilateral cochlear dysplasia was noted in 2, and all had a normal vestibular labyrinth. The cochleovestibular nerves were universally absent bilaterally. The facial nerves were subjectively deficient bilaterally in 1 patient, unilaterally in the second patient, and normal in the third. An accessory canal for the seventh cranial nerve, referred to as a duplicated internal auditory canal, was present in all patients. Auditory brainstem response testing revealed profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss in all of the patients; none suffered facial weakness. A single patient underwent bilateral cochlear implantation with only minimal response.ConclusionThe authors report 3 cases of PTCD with emphasis on imaging of the seventh and eighth cranial nerves and clinical neurotologic findings. All patients manifested duplicated internal auditory canals, a previously unreported finding in PTCD. Bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss is due to absence of the cochleovestibular nerve. Prognosis for cochlear implantation is poor.
Tinnitus with Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
Authors: Vielsmeier Veronika , Kleinjung Tobias , Strutz Jürgen , Bürgers Ralf , Kreuzer Peter Michael , Langguth Berthold 
Published: June 2011

ObjectiveTinnitus is frequently associated with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction. However, the nature of the relationship is not fully understood. Here the authors compared 30 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of temporomandibular joint dysfunction and tinnitus to a group of 61 patients with tinnitus but without any subjective complaints of TMJ dysfunction with respect to clinical and demographic characteristics.Study DesignCase‐control study.SettingTertiary referral center.SubjectsTinnitus patients with and without TMJ dysfunction presenting at the Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and the Tinnitus Clinic at the University of Regensburg.ResultsTinnitus patients with TMJ disorder had better hearing function (P <. 0005), lower age (P =. 001), and lower age at tinnitus onset (P =. 002) and were more frequently female (P =. 003). Their subjectively perceived tinnitus loudness was lower (P =. 01), and more of them could modulate their tinnitus by jaw or neck movements (P =. 001).ConclusionClassical risk factors for tinnitus (age, male gender, hearing loss) are less relevant in tinnitus patients with TMJ disorder, suggesting a causal role of TMJ pathology in the generation and maintenance of tinnitus. Based on this finding, treatment of TMJ disorder may represent a causally oriented treatment strategy for tinnitus.
Dual Activation in N-Heterocyclic Carbene-organocatalysis
Authors: Hirano Keiichi , Piel Isabel , Glorius Frank 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed transformations have found increasing interest in the last years. Recently, dual catalytic approaches using NHCs in combination with a second catalyst such as another organocatalyst or a metal-based catalyst or by the NHC itself have emerged. The careful choice of the proper combination of catalysts allows two compatible yet independent catalytic systems in one-pot to undergo tandem processes. Moreover, simultaneous action of two activators in a bond-forming event enables new reactivity, which often cannot be achieved by monocatalytic approaches.
Derivatization of a Protein with Fluorescamine Utilizing the Tube Radial Distribution Phenomenon of Ternary Mixed Carrier Solvents in a Capillary Tube
Authors: Masuhara Yuji , Jinno Naoya , Hashimoto Masahiko , Tsukagoshi Kazuhiko 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The derivatization of bovine serum albumin with fluorescamine was examined utilizing the tube radial distribution phenomenon of the ternary mixed solution of water–acetonitrile–ethyl acetate (3:15:8 volume ratio) in a fused-silica capillary tube. Double capillary tubes having different inner diameters (100 and 250 µm i.d.) were designed to promote the tube radial distribution phenomenon. The smaller tube was inserted into the larger one through a T-type joint. A water–acetonitrile mixture (3:1 volume ratio) including bovine serum albumin was delivered into the large tube from the inside through the small tube, and an acetonitrile–ethyl acetate mixture (7:4 volume ratio) including fluorescamine was delivered from the outside through the joint. The solutions were mixed through the large tube to perform the derivatization reaction. The fluorescence intensity of the fluorescamine-derivatized bovine serum albumin obtained under the tube radial distribution phenomenon was greater than that obtained through a batch-reaction using a homogeneous solution of water–acetonitrile (1:5 volume ratio).
Specific Sorption Behavior of Actinoids on Biogenic Mn Oxide
Authors: Tanaka Kazuya , Tani Yukinori , Ohnuki Toshihiko 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
We made sorption experiments of actinoids on Mn oxide in dilute NaCl solution. Sorption affinity of actinoids on synthetic Mn oxide was Th(IV) &gt; U(VI) &gt; Np(V). The specific sorption behavior of actinoids on biogenic Mn oxide was observed. Thorium sorbed on biogenic Mn oxide was desorbed into solution with increasing time. Neptunium was not sorbed on biogenic Mn oxide. The specific sorption behavior is possibly due to organic ligands released from microorganisms and surface properties of biogenic Mn oxide.
Vitamin D: a potential role in reducing suicide risk?
Authors: Tariq Muhammad M. , Streeten Elizabeth A. , Smith Helen A. , Sleemi Aamar , Khabazghazvini Baharak , Vaswani Dipika , Postolache Teodor T. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Suicide attempts are known to peak in the spring, overlapping with the time of year when 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels are at their nadir in the northern hemisphere because of negligible skin production of vitamin D owing to low levels of ultraviolet B radiation. Low levels of 25(OH)D, the vitamin D metabolite used to diagnose vitamin D deficiency, have been associated with certain pro-suicidal factors such as exacerbation of depression, anxiety, psychosis, and certain medical conditions. Therefore, we hypothesize that vitamin D deficiency could also be associated with increased risk of completed suicides. Here, we briefly review the literature on vitamin D, its deficiency, and its reported association with certain risk factors for suicide.
Vitamin D: clinical implications beyond musculoskeletal diseases/Vitamin D: Klinische Bedeutung bei nicht muskuloskelettalen Erkrankungen
Authors: Pilz Stefan , Tomaschitz Andreas , Pieber Thomas R. , Lafer Ingrid , Drechsler Christiane , Meinitzer Andreas , Grammer Tanja B. , März Winfried 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Vitamin D has historically been known to play a significant role in the regulation of mineral and bone metabolism. It is, however, increasingly recognized that vitamin D deficiency may also be relevant to various extraskeletal diseases. This may be of clinical significance when considering that the majority of the general population has 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels below the target concentration of at least 30 ng/mL (75 nmol/L). In this review, we briefly summarize available data on the association of vitamin D with cancer, cardiovascular, renal, and autoimmune diseases and we discuss further emerging fields of vitamin D research. Finally, we give some practical guidance for vitamin D treatment. In summary, the available evidence is still insufficient for general compelling recommendations for vitamin D treatment of extraskeletal diseases. However, in our opinion the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, the gradually accumulating knowledge on multiple health benefits of vitamin D, and the safety of vitamin D supplementation suggest that public health strategies should aim to improve the vitamin D status in the general population.
BDNF-trkB signaling in late life cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Wang Hoau-Yan , Stucky Andres , Hahn Chang-Gyu , Wilson Robert , Bennett David , Arnold Steven 
Published: June 2011

AbstractExpression levels of BDNF and trkB, primary components of an important neurotrophin signaling pathway, have been reported to be abnormal in neurodegenerative dementias. Here, we used a novel postmortem brain tissue stimulation paradigm to examine BDNF-induced trkB signaling in participants of the Religious Orders Study, a large longitudinal clinicopathological study of aging and cognition. Thawed slices of anterior cingulate cortex were incubated in BDNF and changes in phosphorylated trkB and downstream signaling molecules ERK2 and Akt were measured, as well as the association of NMDA receptors with trkB. We found that stimulation with BDNF induced much greater activity of the BDNF-trkB signaling pathway in brain tissues of people with cognitive decline and AD, as evidenced by significantly more phosphorylation of trkB (pY-trkB), ERK2 (pY/pT-ERK2), Akt (pS-Akt), and greater BDNF-induced coupling of trKB with NMDAR2A/B. These findings were independent of PHFtau neurofibrillary tangle and amyloid-b plaque densities and other potentially confounding variables. Regression analyses with clinical features further characterized significant relationships between measures of BDNF-trkB activation and domains of cognition and emotional functioning. Increased BDNF-trkB signaling with cognitive decline could reflect a primary derangement of pathway functioning or a compensatory neuroplastic response to counteract neural injury associated with neurodegenerative processes.
Gyral window mapping of typical cortical folding using MRI
Authors: Dombroski Brynn , Switala Andrew , El-Baz Ayman , Casanova Manuel 
Published: June 2011

AbstractUsing the NIH Pediatric MRI Data Repository for normative developmental studies, white matter depth within the gyri of the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes, and of the left and right hemisphere was identified for 312 typically developing children and young adults (168 male and 144 female) between 4 and 23 years of age. There was no significant age difference between male and female groups overall (F 1,867 = 0.0002; p = 0.99) or per-visit (F 2,867 = 2.18; p = 0.86). There was significant dependence of gyral window upon age (F 1,6544 = 115, p < 0.0001), lobe (F 3,6544 = 229, p < 0.0001), hemisphere (F 1,6544 = 5.23, p = 0.022), age*sex (F 1,6544 = 13.8, p = 0.0002), age*lobe (F 3,6544 = 120, p = 0.0001), and age*hemisphere (F 1,6544 = 4.41, p = 0.036). Gyrification increased with age in both males and females in the frontal, temporal and parietal lobes with opposite effects observed in the occipital lobe. Relative gyral depth, as measured in this study, was significantly (p < 0.0001) inversely correlated with gyrification index. Previous studies relate gyral window measurements to the differential expression of short and long corticocortical projections. Our results therefore suggest that the pattern of corticocortical connections is malleable during the first two decades of development.
Tau gene promoter rs242557 and allele-specific protein binding
Authors: Anaya Fidel , Lees Andrew , Silva Rohan 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe H1 haplotype clade of the tau gene (MAPT) is associated with increased risk of the sporadic disorders, progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD) and to a lesser extent, Parkinson’s disease (PD). The H1c sub-haplotype drives this association in PSP and CBD, and is also weakly associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), suggesting involvement in common pathogenic pathway(s). The rs242557 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that defines H1c resides in a highly conserved repressor domain in the MAPT promoter. Previously, in cellular reporter assays, we showed significant rs242557 allele-specific differences in transcriptional repression, with the H1c-specific rs242557/A allele contributing a significantly higher MAPT promoter activity compared to the non-H1c rs242557/G allele. With evidence of allele-specific differences in protein binding to this repressor domain, we set out to identify those proteins that bind to this region. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) analysis strongly suggested allele-specific differences in protein affinities. In order to identify nuclear proteins that differentially bind to this repressor domain, we carried out a promoter-trap assay and analysed the bound proteins by SDS-PAGE and HPLC ESI-QTOF mass spectrometry. We identified 37 proteins and used bioinformatic tools such as STRING and Reactome to analyse and stratify the results. These included U2AF65, hnRNPU, PTBP1, hnRNPD0, U5 snRNP 116, ALY, HMGB2, H1 and actin and provide the basis for further studies of the role of the MAPT repressor domain and the binding proteins in regulating MAPT gene transcription and splicing.
Correlation based splitting criterionin multi branch decision tree
Authors: Salehi-Moghaddami Nima , Yazdi Hadi , Poostchi Hanieh 
Published: June 2011

AbstractOne of the most commonly used predictive models in classification is the decision tree (DT). The task of a DT is to map observations to target values. In the DT, each branch represents a rule. A rule’s consequent is the leaf of the branch and its antecedent is the conjunction of the features. Most applied algorithms in this field use the concept of Information Entropy and Gini Index as the splitting criterion when building a tree. In this paper, a new splitting criterion to build DTs is proposed. A splitting criterion specifies the tree’s best splitting variable as well as the variable’s threshold for further splitting. Using the idea from classical Forward Selection method and its enhanced versions, the variable having the largest absolute correlation with the target value is chosen as the best splitting variable at each node. Then, the idea of maximizing the margin between classes in a support vector machine (SVM) is used to find the best classification threshold on the selected variable. This procedure will execute recursively at each node, until reaching the leaf nodes. The final decision tree has a shorter height than previous methods, which effectively reduces useless variables and the time needed for classification of future data. Unclassified regions are also generated under the proposed method, which can be interpreted as an advantage or disadvantage. The simulation results demonstrate an improvement in the generated decision tree compared to previous methods.
La Prédiction du Bouddha
Authors: Bernon Olivier de 
Published: June 2011

For more than a century, every political crisis in Cambodia has given way to the traditional and irrational influence of "predictions" among the Khmers both on their behavior and the understanding they have of their own history. July 1997's turmoil was one more occasion to measure the power of this influence when Prime Minister Samdeh Hun Sen did evoke the Prediction of the Buddha (buddh damnāy) when analyzing the events with journalists.
This XIXth century text, of which we present here the translation, would show not only, as expected, some conformity to theravāda millenarist traditions, but presumably a mahāyanist if not taoïst heritage conveyed by the vivid and determining figure of the "Chinese carrying books on his back".
La notion de reste dans le choix du nom personnel en Birmanie (Myanmar)
Authors: Robinne François 
Published: June 2011

The Burmese have no patronymic. They have instead multiple personal names which, in combination, generally form two or three monosyllables. These names are either given by others or chosen by the individual and are selected using a widely-known system called mahābut.
This paper examines how, according to the internal logic of this system, the name bears a dual aspect of fatality and free will. All calculations, including those related to astrology, begin with a number generated by taking the remainder of the year of birth divided by seven. By the association of the numbers produced by the various calculations with a chart of syllables, it is possible to assemble a name. The remainder (from which the name is generated) introduces a notion of randomness or freedom which minimizes the belief in karmic predestination.
L'abbé de Choisy, historien du Siam et de l'Asie du Sud-Est
Authors: Van der Cruysse Dirk 
Published: June 2011

François-Timoléon de Choisy (1644-1724), known as the abbé de Choisy, was one of the envoys of Louis XIV to the court of Somdet Phra Narai in 1685. This first French embassy ever sent to Siam has been recorded in several travel reports, among which Choisy's Journal du voyage de Siam, translated in the early 1990s into Japanese and English, distinguishes itself by its freshness, its intellectual curiosity and its open-mindedness. Before setting sail, Choisy had promised to his best friend, the abbé Louis de Dangeau who happened to be a very curious man, to write down for him everything he could find about the history of the kingdom of Siam and its neighbours, and he was as good as his word.
Besides his Journal du voyage de Siam, Choisy wrote several memoirs connected with Siam before, during and after his journey. The abbé took advantage during the return voyage of the presence on board of his vessel of three Siamese envoys to France, and of several missionaries with a long experience in Southeast Asia, to give free rein to his curiosity.
All this enabled him to describe in broad outline the exotic kingdom of Siam in the daily entries of his Journal and in the memoirs mentionned above.