bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Xyleborus morstatti Hag. (Coleoptera, Scolytidae), a Shot-hole Borer attacking Avocado Pear in the Seychelles
Authors: Brown E. S. 
Published: July 2009

Xylebrous morstatti Hag. is a shot-hole borer which is well known as a pest of coffee. It has also been recorded from avocado pear (Persea americana) in Fiji, and is here reported attacking the same tree in the Seychelles, where it appears to be too scarce so far to do any serious damage.The infestations and nature of the damage on avocado pear are described and illustrated, and the recorded geographical distribution of the insect is summarised.A method of insecticidal control is described which, on the small scale on which it was carried out, appears to have been successful.
Distribution, life history, host specificity and suitability of an undescribed Chrysolina species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) for the biological control of Chrysanthemoides monilifera (Compositae)
Authors: Adair R. J. , Scott J. K. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn host specificity tests using 81 plant species from 27 families, an undescribed Chrysolina sp. completed its development only on Chrysanthemoides monilifera, a serious weed of native vegetation in Australia. Minor exploratory feeding, mostly by adults, occurred on 35 plant species. The Chrysolina sp. is restricted to the eastern Cape Province of South Africa where it occurs on Chrysanthemoides m. pisifera, a subspecies not yet recorded in Australia. Chrysanthemoides m. monilifera and C. m. rotundata, both naturalized in Australia, were accepted as hosts by Chrysolina sp., but adult emergence was lower on the latter subspecies. A climate comparison between a site location for Chrysolina sp. and stations within the Australian distribution of Chrysanthemoides monilifera has identified potential release sites that may be suitable for the insect. Chrysolina sp. was approved for release in Australia in 1989 and releases were initiated in 1990.
Effect of the stem borer Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on the yield of maize
Authors: Bosque-Pérez N. A. , Mareck J. H. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractField experiments were conducted in the dry season of 1985–86 and the first and second rainy seasons of 1986 at Ibadan, Nigeria, to assess the level of damage and yield reductions caused by Eldana saccharina Walker to maize. Grain weight per plant in artificially infested plots was up to 36% lower than grain weight per plant in insecticide-protected plots. Artificially infested plots had significantly lower 100-grain weight than insecticide-protected ones. The regression coefficient obtained from covariance analysis revealed that 100-grain weight decreased by 0.125 g for each unit increase in the percentage of the stem tunnelled. Infestations of E. saccharina were found to increase significantly the incidence and severity of stalk rots.
Ovarian development in females of the Australian sheep blowfly Lucilia cuprina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) fed on sheep faeces and the effect of ivermectin residues
Authors: Cook David F. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis study demonstrates that only a proportion of Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) females, which have fed exclusively on sheep dung collected from spring improved pastures, are able to mature a complement of oocytes at the cost of high resorption. Fifty percent of females developed mature oocytes after 11 d of continuous feeding on sheep dung. After 14 d feeding, 80% of females had matured an average of 143 eggs. Females given ad lib access to sheep's liver developed mature oocytes within 2–3 d feeding, producing an average of 223 eggs. Results show that sheep dung is a resource used by L. cuprina adults, but by itself appears to be a poor source of protein for field females to mature oocytes. Females given continuous access to dung collected from sheep 18 h after being drenched with ivermectin, were virtually unable to develop oocytes beyond the resting stage after 10 d feeding. Female adults in particular, became distended with fluid over successive days feeding and both sexes suffered significantly higher mortality compared with adults fed on untreated sheep dung. Knowledge on the feeding frequency and amounts of sheep dung ingested by L. cuprina adults may enable an assessment of the potential for manipulation of ivermectin treatment in a control strategy.
Tick (Acarina: Ixodidae) infestations on zebu cattle in northern Uganda
Authors: Kaiser M. N. , Sutherst R. W. , Bourne A. S. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTick populations were observed on zebu cattle (Bos indicus) over an 18 month period at Patiko in northern Uganda. Monthly collections were made of all stages of ticks from five cattle and six sheep (Ovis aries). Collections of adults of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Neumann were also made from the ears of about 30 cattle on several occasions. The species recorded on cattle, in order of decreasing abundance, were R. appendiculatus, Amblyomma variegatum (Fabricius), Boophilus decoloratus (Koch) and R. evertsi evertsi Neumann. Far fewer ticks were collected from the sheep. The adults of R. appendiculatus were randomly distributed over the herd. There was a distinct seasonal incidence of R. appendiculatus and A. variegatum on their hosts, which could be related to rainfall and to the emergence of new cohorts during the long rainy season. In addition, adult females of R. appendiculatus were collected daily off the ears of cattle at Entebbe following an infestation with 200 adult males and females. Measurements of the growth of the ticks were used to define the sizes of ‘standard’ ticks which would complete engorgement in the following 24 h. Such ticks provide a means of sampling to estimate the number of ticks engorging daily. Comparison of the frequency distributions of each stage and species in the Patiko collections were then used to infer the sizes of standard ticks for other species.
Preliminary Notes on Egyptian Mosquitos
Authors: Gough L. H. 
Published: July 2009

The mosquito fauna of Egypt appears to have received very little attention hitherto, and very few species have been recorded from this country up to the present.The following list of species is based chiefly on the collection of the Ministry of Agriculture, and is supplemented by references to species recorded by other observers but not taken by us. The synonymy used is that proposed by Mr. F. W. Edwards in his papers:—“ The African Species of Culex and allied Genera ” (Bull. Ent. Res., ii, p. 241, 1911); “ Further Notes on African Culicidae ” (Bull. Ent. Res., iv, p. 47, 1913); “ Key for determining the African Species of Anopheles ” (Bull. Ent. Res., iii, p. 241, 1912), excepting where the contrary is stated.
Morphological diversity and toxicity of delta-endotoxin produced by various strains of Bacillus thuringiensis
Authors: Attathom Tipvadee , Chongrattanameteekul Wiboon , Chanpaisang Jariya , Siriyan Ratchanee 
Published: July 2009

AbstractLocal isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis were isolated from infected rice stemborers, soils, rice bran and rice mill dust. Of 83 isolates serotyped by B. thuringiensis H-antisera, 13 serotypes were identified. Those serotypes were assigned to B. thuringiensis of subspecies canadensis, galleriae, kenyae, kurstaki, neoleonensis, aizawai, alesti, entomocidus, tochigiensis and tolworthi. Three serotypes, 3a:3c:3d, 5a:5b/21 and 17/27, were unnamed and portend to be new subspecies. Morphological studies of delta-endotoxin or crystal protein of each subspecies showed significant differences in size and shape. Bipyramidal crystals, spherical and cuboidal crystals and the combinations of these structures were observed. Toxicity of sporulated cultures and isolated crystal proteins of B. thuringiensis strains to five species of economically important insects were determined using diet incorporation bioassays. Extracted crystal proteins from certain B. thuringiensis subspecies were highly toxic to some insect species. These have the potential of providing alternative strategies for utilizing B. thuringiensis for controlling insects.
Contarinia maculipennis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a polyphagous pest newly reported for North America
Authors: Gagné Raymond J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA gall midge recently found on Dendrobium orchids in Florida, USA, is identified as Contarinia maculipennis Felt. The identification is based on anatomical similarity to a polyphagous species originally described from Hawaii but which now appears to be from south-east Asia. Contarinia maculipennis is redescribed and compared to Contarinia solani (Rübsaamen) and C. lycopersici Felt, two species with which it has been confused in the literature.
Comparative life history studies of Frankliniella occidentalis and Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on cucumber
Authors: van Rijn Paul C.J. , Mollema Chris , Steenhuis-Broers Greet M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractShortly after its invasion into Europe, the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), became a more severe pest of greenhouse crops than the onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman. To test whether this differential pest status was due to a larger capacity of population increase, a comparative life history study was carried out on cucumber (Cucumis sativus cv. Corona). Experiments at 25°C showed that the egg-to-egg period of F. occidentalis was shorter, but its peak ovipositional rate was lower and its offspring sex ratio more male biased. These differences resulted in a slightly lower intrinsic rate of population increase (rm) for F. occidentalis than for T. tabaci (0.166 vs. 0.176/day). It was shown experimentally that between 15 and 28°C, developmental rate of F. occidentalis is linearly related to temperature, with a theoretical threshold temperature similar to the value reported for T. tabaci (10.9 vs. 11.5°C). It is argued that the rm-value of F. occidentalis will not be higher than that of T. tabaci for any temperature within this range. Alternative explanations for the difference in pest status between the two thrips species are discussed.
The responses of Glossina pallidipes and G. longipennis (Diptera: Glossinidae) to odour-baited traps and targets at Galana Ranch, south-eastern Kenya
Authors: Baylis M , Nambiro C. O 
Published: July 2009

AbstractFour designs of trap, all made from identical material, were compared at Galana Ranch, south-eastern Kenya, as sampling devices for Glossina pallidipes Austen and G. longipennis Corti. The NG2G and Epsilon traps caught more than twice as many female G. pallidipes as the biconical trap, and the F3 was intermediate. A similar, pattern was observed for males, although the differences were smaller, and not significant. The NG2G, Epsilon and F3 traps all caught approximately twice as many male and female G. longipennis as the biconical trap. Acetone (500 mg/h) significantly increased trap catches of G. pallidipes, and there was a synergism between acetone and 4-methylphenol (0.8 mg/h). There was little or no effect with 1-octen-3-ol (0.8 mg/h). Acetone, 1-octen-3-ol, and 4-methylphenol all increased trap catches of G. longipennis, and there were no synergisms among them. Cow urine (850 mg/h) increased the catches of both species in traps baited with acetone and 1-octen-3-ol, although not significantly for G. longipennis. There was no effect with 3-methylphenol (0.8 mg/h). The addition of 3-propylphenol to traps baited with acetone, 1-octen-3-ol and 4-methylphenol had no effect on the catches of either species. For G.pallidipes, a combination of acetone, 1-octen-3-ol, 4-methylphenol and 3-propylphenol was calculated to have a catch index of 6–8 over unbaited traps, a value lower than that reported for Zimbabwe and Nguruman, Kenya, and greater than that reported for Somalia. The catches of G. longipennis were approximately three times higher on electrified targets than in F3 traps, although there was no difference in the catch of G. pallidipes.
Padaukia - a new genus of jumping plantlice (Homoptera: Psylloidea) attacking economically important species of Pterocarpus (Leguminosae)
Authors: Hollis D , Martin J.H 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe genus Padaukia is newly described in the family Psyllidae. Its systematic relationships are discussed; seven species are included, five of which are newly described: P. cuanzae sp. n., P. javana sp. n., P. kino sp. n., P. macrocarpae sp. n. and P. usambarensis sp. n. An identification key is provided. Three species are known to attack economically important species of timber trees of the legumious genus Pterocarpus in tropical Asia.
Taxonomy of the Telenomus busseolae species-complex (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) egg parasitoids of cereal stem borers (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Pyralidae)
Authors: Polaszek Andrew , Ubeku Jackson A. , Bosque-Perez Nilsa A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMorphological studies of different populations of what was previously considered to be a single species, Telenomus busseolae Gahan, revealed a complex of three distinct species. A total of four species were found to belong to this complex, all of which are egg parasitoids of stem boring Lepidoptera belonging to the closely related noctuid genera Busseola and Sesamia, with a single record from the pyralid stem borer genus Coniesta. All these host genera are of major economic importance as cereal pests. Two of the four Telenomus spp. are fully sympatric with regard to distribution, hosts and oviposition period. Two species, Telenomus isis and Telenomus nagarajae, are described as new.
Induction of inherited sterility in the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) by substerilizing doses of ionizing radiation
Authors: Seth R.K , Reynolds S.E 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMale pupae of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (Linnaeus), were exposed to γ–radiation from a 60Co source. This treatment induced mortality and malformations in the emerging adult insects. The incidence of these adverse effects of radiation declined with increasing pupal age at the time of treatment. Within any one age class, the effects of radiation treatment increased with increasing dose. When 16 d old pupae were irradiated, the resulting adult male insects exhibited adverse effects on mating behaviour and fertility when tested against unirradiated females. These effects were dose dependent in the range 0–30 krad. The major cause of reduced fertility was the failure of eggs to hatch. These eggs mostly showed no sign of embryonic development. F1 progency of moths given substerilizing doses of radiation showed significantly elevated larval mortality, pupal and adult malformations, and a slightly prolonged developmental period, but nevertheless a high proportion of the F1 insects survived to adults. The sex ratio of the F1 generation was markedly skewed in favour of males. When F1 insects, male or female, were mated with normal insects of the opposite sex, they were significantly less fertile than the irradiated parental (P1) generation. The F1 male moths transferred spermatophores to normal females only slightly less well than normal males, but the F1 females were much less successful than controls in mating with normal males. Examination of spermathecae of normal females mated with F1 males showed that both eupyrene and apyrene spermatozoa were successfully transferred from the spermatophore in all cases where the P1 insects had received 10 krad, but there was a slight reduction in the cases of higher doses. There was a dose-related decline in the number of eggs laid per mated female, and a dose-related reduction in hatching rate for the matings of both male and female F1 insects, but the effect on males was more severe than on females. The longevity of both F1 males and F1 females was reduced. The reduction in fertility of the F1 insects was in part due to a reduction in the number of eggs laid, but also to an increase in the number of eggs which failed to hatch. In contrast to the P1 generation, the reduction in hatching success of eggs laid by F1 insects was due mostly to the death of partly developed embryos.
Influence of temperature on larval defecation and its use in estimating canopy population size of pine sawflies (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae)
Authors: Simandl J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe frequency of defecation in relation to constant0/simulated outdoor temperatures and larval age (instar) was examined under laboratory conditions in four species of pine sawflies (Diprionidae): Gilpinia frutetorum (Fabricius), Diprion pini (Linnaeus), D. similis (Hartig) and Macrodiprion nemoralis (Enslin). Defecation interval and total faecal production was regular under higher constant temperatures (higher production in younger instars, second and third) and production significantly decreased under varying air temperatures during the same period (24 hours) when larvae of younger instars were influenced more by lower temperatures. The influence of larval age (instar) on faecal production was insignificant if larvae were exposed to varying temperatures during 24 hours. Faecal production and temperature were positively correlated in each of the four species and instars tested, as well as in total (all the test species and instars combined). Implications of the results for estimating canopy larval density by frass-drop measurements in the field are briefly discussed.
Seasonal abundance and distribution of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae), the two spotted spider mite, on cotton in Australia and implications for management
Authors: Wilson L.J , Morton R 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), is a pest of cotton in Australia yet has received little attention. To develop sampling strategies for pest management the seasonal abundance and intra-crop distribution of T. urticae on cotton was studied. T. urticae colonized cotton crops at seedling emergence in October. Populations declined through November/December then increased progressively thereafter, at varying times and rates. Higher initial infestation levels were correlated with earlier, potentially more damaging, mite outbreaks. Survival of T. urticae through November/December appears crucial in determining the extent to which this potential is realized. Nodes 3 to 5 below the terminal were most heavily infested and should be used as the sampling unit for mites. The within plant distribution of T. urticae was unaffected by cotton variety or insecticide applications. T. urticae was more abundant on the edges of fields than in the interior early in the season (October and November) indicating colonization from an external source. The edge effect diminished with time, suggesting a lack of continuous colonization. The only exceptions to this pattern occurred when T. urticae migrated from senescent maize crops into the nearby cotton crops in early January. A simple sampling technique, based on the presence or absence of mites on leaves was developed for pest management purposes.
Baseline determination and detection of resistance to imidacloprid in Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)
Authors: Cahill Matthew , Gorman Kevin , Day Sara , Denholm Ian , Elbert Alfred , Nauen Ralf 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAdult Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) were tested with imidacloprid in a bioassay method using systemically treated cotton leaves. The method was simple, robust and repeatable and provided baseline data for a laboratory and a number of recently collected field strains. The LC50 for imidacloprid susceptible strains was calculated to be 1.7 ppm and a concentration of 16 ppm determined as diagnostic for imidacloprid resistance. Ten strains of B. tabaci collected from the Almeria region of Spain showed significantly less mortality at the diagnostic dose than the susceptible strains. The intensive use of imidacloprid in the Almeria region is considered the reason for the occurrence of resistance in this locality. Resistance to organophosphates, pyrethroids and endosulfan in B-type and non-B type B. tabaci did not confer resistance to imidacloprid.
The effect of the cibarial armature on blood meal haemolysis of four anopheline mosquitoes
Authors: Chadee Dave D. , Beier John C. , Martinez Raymond 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe cibarial armatures ofAnopheles albitarsisLynch Arribálzaga,A. aquasalisCurry,A. bellatorDyar & Knab andA. homunculusKomp are described for the first time. Ten to 15 minutes after blood feeding, higher levels of blood haemolysis were observed amongA. bellator(14.9%) andA. homunculus(14.0%) mosquitoes which possessed type C cibarial armatures than amongA. albitarsis(3.3%) andA. aquasalis(3.2%) which possessed type B cibarial armatures. In contrast, there were no significant differences among the four species in levels of extra-erythrocytic haemolysis when measured immediately and after one hour. The blood processing physiology observed for the four anopheline species is discussed at the enzymatic, mechanical and taxonomic levels as it relates to innate vector competence.
Genetic estimates of dispersal ability in the leucaena psyllid predatorCurinus coeruleus(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): implications for biological control
Authors: Follett Peter A. , Roderick George K. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe leucaena psyllid,Heteropsylla cubanaCrawford, can devastate plantings ofLeucaena leucocephala(Leguminosae), an economically important tree species in the Pacific Islands, Southeast Asia, Australia, India, Africa, and elsewhere. The predatory beetle,Curinus coeruleusMulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), has been introduced into many of these areas from Hawaii for biological control of the psyllid. In this study, collections ofC. coeruleuswere made from 11 populations on four islands in the Hawaiian archipelago to determine population structure and estimate levels of gene flow. Over all populations, a measure of population subdivision, θ was 0.095, and the estimate ofNem, the average migration rate, was 2.4. θ values for the individual islands were 0.02, 0.12, 0.24 and 0.05 for Kauai, Hawaii, Maui, and Oahu, respectively. Estimated levels of gene flow between populations were not correlated with geographic distance, therefore isolation by distance does not appear to be an important process structuringC. coeruleuspopulations. Gene flow estimates can be used to characterize dispersal capabilities in insects or other organisms released for biological control. In this case, the inferior dispersal ability ofC. coeruleuslikely limits its rapid widespread establishment during release programmes.