bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting the Cell Broadband Engine for constraint‐based local search
Authors: Diaz Daniel , Abreu Salvador , Codognet Philippe 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYWe investigated the use of the Cell Broadband Engine (Cell/BE) for constraint‐based local search and combinatorial optimization applications. We presented a parallel version of a constraint‐based local search algorithm that was chosen because it fits very well the Cell/BE architecture because it requires neither shared memory nor communication among processors. The performance study on several large optimization benchmarks shows mostly linear time speedups, sometimes even super linear. These experiments were carried out on a dual‐Cell IBM (Armonk, NY, USA) blade with 16 processors. Besides getting speedups, the execution times exhibit a much smaller variance that benefits applications where a timely reply is critical. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of substrate temperature on the properties of reactively sputtered TiN/NbN multilayers
Authors: Subramanian B. , Ananthakumar R. , Jayachandran M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTiN/NbN multilayer coatings were deposited with various substrate temperatures by DC reactive magnetron sputtering method onto Si (111) and glass substrates. The effect of substrate temperature on the structural and optical properties of TiN/NbN multilayers was investigated by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Field emission scanning electron microscopy and Photoluminescence measurements. The composition was analyzed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. X‐ray diffraction results showed that the layers crystallized in cubic structure for TiN and hexagonal structure for NbN. It was found that grain size increased with increase in substrate temperature. The surface morphology of the TiN/NbN thin films showed a dense and smooth surface with substrate temperature upto 200 °C but after 300 °C, the grains became larger and coarse surface was observed. The TiN/NbN multilayer coatings exhibited the characteristic peaks centered at 180, 210 and 560 cm‐1. Red band emission peaks were observed in the wavelength range of 700‐710 nm. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Harbour porpoises respond to climate change
Authors: Heide‐Jørgensen Mads Peter , Iversen Maria , Nielsen Nynne Hjort , Lockyer Christina , Stern Harry , Ribergaard Mads Hvid 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe effects of climate change on marine ecosystems and in particular on marine top predators are difficult to assess due to, among other things, spatial variability, and lack of clear delineation of marine habitats. The banks of West Greenland are located in a climate sensitive area and are likely to elicit pronounced responses to oceanographic changes in the North Atlantic. The recent increase in sea temperatures on the banks of West Greenland has had cascading effects on sea ice coverage, residency of top predators, and abundance of important prey species like Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Here, we report on the response of one of the top predators in West Greenland; the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). The porpoises depend on locating high densities of prey species with high nutritive value and they have apparently responded to the general warming on the banks of West Greenland by longer residence times, increased consumption of Atlantic cod resulting in improved body condition in the form of larger fat deposits in blubber, compared to the situation during a cold period in the 1990s. This is one of the few examples of a measurable effect of climate change on a marine mammal population.
Are the North American deserts expanding? Some climate signals from groundwater storage conditions
Authors: Brutsaert Wilfried 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThe areal average underground water storage in a natural catchment is directly manifested by the low flow or baseflow features from that catchment. Accordingly, an analysis was conducted of the annual lowest flows of twelve prototype near‐pristine river basins with long streamflow records and minimal confounding human activities in four deserts of North America, namely the hot Chihuahua, Sonora, and Mojave deserts and the cold Great Basin desert. Except possibly for those in the Sonora Desert, the analysis has revealed no evidence that these few remaining pristine watersheds have undergone consistent or significant negative terrestrial water storage trends over the past century in their riparian aquifers and therefore no evidence of any increase in their aridity. Thus, if groundwater conditions in these deserts have been deteriorating, this suggests that it is likely attributable to human activities rather than to climate change. The situation in the Sonora Desert is unclear, on account of remaining questions regarding human impact. The reliability of the methodology is further probed by comparing the shorter term groundwater changes in all four deserts with well‐known concurrent sea surface temperature changes in the Pacific Ocean; the groundwater storage changes appear to be related, albeit weakly, to the El Nino‐Southern Oscillation and to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation; in the three hot deserts, the El Nino‐Southern Oscillation effect decreases with eastward distance from the Pacific Ocean, but not that of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catalytic Enantioselective Addition of MeMgBr and Other Grignard Reagents to Aldehydes
Authors: Fernández‐Mateos Emilio , Maciá Beatriz , Ramón Diego J. , Yus Miguel 
Published: October 2011

AbstractHerein, we report an efficient catalyst for the challenging enantioselective addition of MeMgBr to aldehydes. Unprecedented yields and enantioselectivities are achieved in the reaction with a broad range of aldehydes. Moreover, a variety of Grignard reagents can be also added to aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes in good yields and enantioselectivities in a simple one‐pot procedure under mild conditions.
License to sin: Self‐licensing as a mechanism underlying hedonic consumption
Authors: de Witt Huberts Jessie C. , Evers Catharine , De Ridder Denise T. D. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractHedonic overconsumption is often considered to be caused by impulsive factors. The current paper investigates whether self‐licensing, relying on reasons to justify subsequent gratification, can also be included as a significant contributor to hedonic consumption. Two studies were conducted to investigate whether self‐licensing can account for an increase in hedonic consumption while ruling out impulsive factors such as resource depletion, negative affect, and visceral state as alternative explanations. A pilot study indicated that perceiving oneself as having invested greater effort and thus having a self‐licensing cue did not lead to a decline in self‐control capacity compared with not having a self‐licensing cue. The main study employed the same procedure and established that having a licensing cue did lead to increased snack intake while controlling for impulsive factors. Together, these studies support the notion that self‐licensing is a separate mechanism leading to hedonic gratification independent of impulsive factors. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of silver nanoparticles on bacterial activity in natural waters
Authors: Das Pranab , Xenopoulos Marguerite A. , Williams Clayton J. , Hoque Md Ehsanul , Metcalfe Chris D. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) may be introduced into aquatic ecosystems because of their widespread use as antimicrobial agents. However, few studies have investigated the impacts of AgNPs on natural aquatic microbial activity in an environmentally relevant context. In this study, bacterioplankton were collected from nine aquatic habitats and exposed to six concentrations of carboxy-functionalized AgNP (ViveNano, 10-nm particle size, 20% Ag w/w) over 48 h. After 1 h of exposure, bacterial production and extracellular alkaline phosphatase affinity were significantly reduced in all AgNP-exposed samples. However, across a 48-h exposure, extracellular aminopeptidase affinity was not consistently impacted by AgNPs. After 48 h, bacterial production recovered by 40 to 250% at low AgNP nominal concentrations (0.05 and 0.1 mg/L) but remained inhibited at the two highest AgNP nominal concentrations (1 and 10 mg/L). In contrast, AgNO3 additions between 0.01 to 2 mg Ag/L fully inhibited bacterial production over the 48-h exposure. At 48-h exposure, the lowest observed effective concentrations and average median effective concentration for bacterial production ranged from 8 to 66 and 15 to 276 µg Ag/L, respectively. Thus, in natural aquatic systems, AgNP concentrations in the nanogram per liter range are unlikely to negatively impact aquatic biogeochemical cycles. Instead, exposures in the low microgram per liter range would likely be required to negatively impact natural aquatic bacterioplankton processes. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:122–130. © 2011 SETAC
Contrast improvement in scattered light confocal imaging of skin birefringent structures by depolarization detection
Authors: Varghese Babu , Verhagen Rieko , Tai Qiangqiang , Hussain Altaf , Boudot Clemence , Uzunbajakava Natallia 
Published: October 2011

AbstractHere we describe a method for enhancing the contrast in imaging skin birefringent structures. The method relies on polarization‐dependent optical properties and is implemented using cross polarized confocal microscopy. The experimental data obtained using ex‐vivo and in‐vivo measurements on human scalp hairs and human skin demonstrate a significant dependence of the change in polarization of light that interacted with the birefringent hair on the orientation of the incident polarization. The polarization dependent contrast, defined as the ratio of intensity measured for different orientations of the incident polarization when observed using cross polarized confocal microscopy furthermore depends on the hair type/degree of pigmentation and on the focusing depth inside the hair. No such dependence was observed for the upper skin layers, including the stratum corneum and epidermis. We propose a new method for enhancing the contrast between the skin and the birefringent hair by the use of cross polarized confocal microscopy combined with the variation of the polarization of the incoming light. Potential applications of this method include imaging of hairs for assessing the efficacy of hair removal methods and measurement of skin birefringence. The underestimation of the birefringence content resulting from the orientation related effects associated with the use of linearly polarized light for imaging tissues containing wavy birefringent structures could be minimized by this method. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Target protein interactions of indole‐3‐carbinol and the highly potent derivative 1‐benzyl‐I3C with the C‐terminal domain of human elastase uncouples cell cycle arrest from apoptotic signaling
Authors: Aronchik Ida , Chen Tony , Durkin Kathleen A. , Horwitz Marshall S. , Preobrazhenskaya Maria N. , Bjeldanes Leonard F. , Firestone Gary L. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractElastase is the only currently identified target protein for indole‐3‐carbinol (I3C), a naturally occurring hydrolysis product of glucobrassicin in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage, and Brussels sprouts that induces a cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of human breast cancer cells. In vitro elastase enzymatic assays demonstrated that I3C and at lower concentrations its more potent derivative 1‐benzyl‐indole‐3‐carbinol (1‐benzyl‐I3C) act as non‐competitive allosteric inhibitors of elastase activity. Consistent with these results, in silico computational simulations have revealed the first predicted interactions of I3C and 1‐benzyl‐I3C with the crystal structure of human neutrophil elastase, and identified a potential binding cluster on an external surface of the protease outside of the catalytic site that implicates elastase as a target protein for both indolecarbinol compounds. The Δ205 carboxyterminal truncation of elastase, which disrupts the predicted indolecarbinol binding site, is enzymatically active and generates a novel I3C resistant enzyme. Expression of the wild type and Δ205 elastase in MDA‐MB‐231 human breast cancer cells demonstrated that the carboxyterminal domain of elastase is required for the I3C and 1‐benzyl‐I3C inhibition of enzymatic activity, accumulation of the unprocessed form of the CD40 elastase substrate (a tumor necrosis factor receptor family member), disruption of NFκB nuclear localization and transcriptional activity, and induction of a G1 cell cycle arrest. Surprisingly, expression of the Δ205 elastase molecule failed to reverse indolecarbinol stimulated apoptosis, establishing an elastase‐dependent bifurcation point in anti‐proliferative signaling that uncouples the cell cycle and apoptotic responses in human breast cancer cells. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fokusvariable Linsen
Authors: Blum Mark , Büeler Michael 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWährend Glas‐ und Plastiklinsen weit verbreitet sind, gelten fokusvariable Linsen noch als Novum. Dabei gibt es schon seit längerem diverse Ansätze, um die Brennweite einer Linse zu variieren. Einige dieser Ansätze findet man heute auch in kommerziellen Produkten wie Barcodelesern, Brillen oder Mikroskopen. Weitere Anwendungen kommen laufend dazu, und dies aus gutem Grund. Der zusätzliche Freiheitsgrad der veränderbaren Linsenform ermöglicht es elegante und kompakte optische Systeme zu entwerfen, typischerweise auch mit weniger mechanischen Komponenten und kürzeren Antwortzeiten.
Lasereinsatz im Recycling
Authors: Fricke‐Begemann Cord , Graf Norbert 
Published: October 2011

AbstractFür ein effizientes werkstoffliches Recycling von Metallschrotten ist die sortenreine Trennung unterschiedlicher Metalllegierungen notwendig. Um diese Trennung möglichst wirtschaftlich durchzuführen, sind vollautomatische Sortierverfahren erforderlich, die einen hohen Durchsatz bei niedrigen Kosten und guter Erkennungsleistung erreichen. Mit etablierten Verfahren sind anspruchsvolle Sortierungen allerdings nicht realisierbar, wie bspw. die Trennung unterschiedlicher Aluminiumlegierungen. Für diese Aufgaben sind laser‐spektroskopische Verfahren prädestiniert, die eine schnelle und berührungslose Materialanalysen ermöglichen. Als Partner im Forschungsprojekt LASMET des Fraunhofer‐Institut für Lasertechnik ILT entwickelte die InnoLas Laser GmbH, Krailling die Strahlquelle für die Laser‐Direktanalyse, die optimal auf die applikationsspezifischen Anforderungen und das anlagenbauliche Umfeld zugeschnitten ist.
Analysis of perinatal outcome by combination of first trimester maternal plasma homocysteine with uterine artery Doppler velocimetry
Authors: Kaymaz Cemil , Demir Ahmet , Bige Ozgur , Cagliyan Erkan , Cımrın Dilek , Demir Namik 
Published: October 2011

ObjectiveTo analyse the pregnancy outcome by combining plasma homocysteine with uterine artery Doppler velocimetry at 11 to 14 weeks of gestation.MethodA prospective cohort study with 103 healthy pregnant women. Uterine artery Doppler velocimetry was performed at between 11 and 14 weeks of gestation. Abnormal blood flow was defined as average pulsatility index >1.5 and presence of unilateral or bilateral diastolic notch. Doppler scores were calculated by a modified scoring method of uterine artery flow velocity waveforms. Serum for measurement of homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folate levels were collected when the ultrasonographic measurement was performed.ResultsPre‐eclampsia developed in five, gestational hypertension in three, intrauterine growth restriction in two and preterm birth in eight patients. There was a significant difference between mean plasma homocysteine levels at different Doppler scores (p<0.001) and a weak positive correlation between Doppler scores and occurrence of pregnancy complications (rs= 0.232, p<0.05). Mean homocysteine level increased with increasing Doppler scores. Any uterine artery abnormality had a sensitivity of 88.9% in predicting obstetric complications. Addition of hyperhomocytenemia to Doppler scores did not change the sensitivity.ConclusionMaternal serum homocysteine level is increased in 11 to 14 weeks of gestation that is complicated with pre‐eclampsia, gestational hypertension, intrauterine growth restriction and preterm birth. Addition of homocysteine determination to uterine artery Doppler in the first trimester does not add any advantage in predicting adverse perinatal outcome. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spontaneous rupture of the peroneus longus tendon in a patient with diabetic sensory neuropathy
Authors: Chikkaveerappa K , Eyes B , Jones R , Gill GV 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe present a case of spontaneous painless rupture of the peroneus longus tendon in a patient with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes and a distal sensory neuropathy. Tendon rupture in the diabetic neuropathic foot has been previously described, but not of the peroneus longus tendon.Painless tendon rupture in the diabetic foot or ankle can present a diagnostic challenge, and requires a high index of suspicion. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons.
The diabetes pandemic: is structured education the solution or an unnecessary expense?
Authors: Deakin T 
Published: October 2011

AbstractStructured education is a recommended clinical and cost‐effective approach that adds value to traditional medical care. A clinical trial demonstrated that the X‐PERT Diabetes Programme significantly improves health and quality of life. In order to determine if the national implementation of the X‐PERT Programme meets standards identified in the published trial, it is necessary to conduct continuous audit.To meet the key criteria to implement National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence guidance, educators are trained to deliver X‐PERT Diabetes and X‐PERT Insulin Programmes and submit baseline, six‐month and annual results onto the X‐PERT Audit Database.Forty‐seven percent of X‐PERT centres (55/118) have submitted data for 16 031 people with diabetes. Audit standards have been met with excellent attendance, evaluation and empowerment scores. All outcomes improved at one year: glycated haemoglobin (‐0.6%); body weight (‐3.0kg); waist circumference (‐2.1cm); systolic (‐0.9mmHg) and diastolic (‐2.2mmHg) blood pressure; total (‐0.2mmol/L) and LDL (‐0.1mmol/L) cholesterol; triglycerides (‐0.2mmol/L); HDL cholesterol (+0.1mmol/L); requirement for prescribed diabetes medication (23% less likely to increase medication, number needed to treat [NNT] = 4; 5% more likely to reduce medication, NNT = 19).National implementation of the X‐PERT Programme has met audit standards. X‐PERT increases skills, knowledge and confidence for diabetes self‐management, resulting in intensification of glycaemic control and reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors in people with newly diagnosed and existing diabetes. Structured education is a clinical and cost‐effective approach that should be offered to all people with diabetes as an integral part of their diabetes treatment and management, potentially saving the NHS £367 million per annum. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons.This paper was presented as the 2011 Janet Kinson lecture at the 2011 Diabetes UK Annual Professional Conference held in London
Botox for the prophylaxis of headaches in chronic migraine
Authors: Chaplin Steve , MacGregor Anne 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBotulinum toxin type A (Botox) has been licensed for the prophylaxis of headaches in chronic migraine. In our New products review Steve Chaplin presents the clinical data relating to its efficacy and adverse events and Professor Anne MacGregor discusses its place in the treatment of migraine. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Interface Ltd
Theoretical study of low‐lying electronic states of the LiRb+ molecular ion: Structure, spectroscopy and transition dipole moments
Authors: Ghanmi C. , Farjallah M. , Berriche H. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe electronic structure and the spectroscopic properties for low‐lying electronic states of the LiRb+ molecular ion, dissociating into Li (2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 3d, 4s, and 4p) + Rb+ and Li+ + Rb (5s, 5p, 4d, 6s, 6p, 5d, and 7s), have been investigated using an ab initio approach based on non‐empirical pseudo potentials for the Li and Rb cores and parametrized l‐dependent polarization potential. We have determined the adiabatic potential energy curves and their spectroscopic constants for many electronic states of 2Σ+, 2Π, and 2Δ symmetries. A satisfying agreement, for the spectroscopic constants, has been obtained for the ground and the first excited states with the available theoretical works. Potential energy curves were presented, for the first time, for the higher excited states. In addition, we have localised and analysed the avoided crossings between electronic states of 2Σ+ and 2Π symmetries. Their existences can be related to the interaction between the potential energy curves and to the charge transfer process between the two ionic systems Li+Rb and LiRb+. Moreover, we have determined the transition dipole moments from X2Σ+ and 22Σ+ states to higher excited states of 2Σ+ and 2Π symmetries. For our best knowledge, no experimental data on the LiRb+ molecular ion is available. These theoretical data can help experimentalists to optimize photoassociative formation of ultracold LiRb+ molecular ion and their longevity in a trap or in an optical lattice. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012
The Minimal Occupancy Level of the Clathrate Hydrate Host Lattice and the Intercalation Heat of the Guest Molecules in the Chlorine Hydrates
Authors: Kótai László , Bálint Szabolcs , Gács István , Lakatos Györgyi , Angyal András , Mehrotra Raj. N. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe minimal occupancy level (θmin) of the clathrate lattice of gas molecules is defined as the number of guest molecules in the host clathrate lattice, which can stabilize the thermodynamically unstable empty cage by covering the energy demand of the transformation of hexagonal ice into empty clathrate lattice (ΔHtrans). The θmin values for chlorine hydrate were determined from the n = f(p)T=const. relationship and the average molar intercalation heat of chlorine in the type I clathrate lattice was also calculated for both type of cavities.
Some Burning Questions Remaining Unanswered
Authors: Valdiya K.S. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Writing a book on the geodynamic evolution of India (Valdiya, 2010), which involved going through and perusing voluminous literature, I was confronted with many burning questions for which I could not find decisive answers. Maybe I missed the answers, or perhaps I failed to grasp and comprehend the logics of authors. I also felt that many very crucial problems of the evolutionary history of India await addressing squarely by the new generation of earth scientists. When the President of the Geological Society of India, Dr. Harsh Gupta, kindly invited me to speak at the Annual General Meeting of the Society in October 2010 I could not suppress my urge to voice my ignorance through some questions that tantalizingly tease me.