bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inter‐population variation in seed longevity for two invasive weeds: Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. monilifera (boneseed) and ssp. rotundata (bitou bush)
Authors: SCHOEMAN J , BUCKLEY Y M , CHERRY H , LONG R L , STEADMAN K J 
Published: January 2010

Schoeman J, Buckley YM, Cherry H, Long RL & Steadman KJ (2010). Inter‐population variation in seed longevity for two invasive weeds: Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. monilifera (boneseed) and ssp. rotundata (bitou bush). Weed Research50, 67–75.SummarySeed longevity has a major influence on the success of weed management and eradication programmes. A correlation between responses to a controlled aging test performed at 45°C, 60% relative humidity (RH) and seed persistence in the field has recently been suggested. Here we investigated whether collections of differing quality of two closely related invasive weeds, Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. monilifera and ssp. rotundata (boneseed and bitou bush, respectively), had different seed longevity using the controlled aging test. Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. monilifera fruits were collected from across five Australian states, and C. monilifera ssp. rotundata from one state, covering their invasive ranges. Seed quality was assessed visually and using tetrazolium staining, and a series of germination tests established appropriate germination conditions. The controlled aging test was run for a subset of collections. Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. rotundata seeds died more quickly (time to lose 50% viability, P50 = 16 days) than the C. monilifera ssp. monilifera collections (P50 = 47 days) when aged at 45°C and 60% RH. This difference was significant even considering the large differences in longevity between C. monilifera ssp. monilifera populations (P50 = 35–61 days; probably due to differences in maturity at collection). Based on a published correlation, we predict that mature C. monilifera ssp. monilifera may have a long‐lived (>3 years) seed bank and C. monilifera ssp. rotundata may have a transient (<1 year) seed bank. This suggests the two sub‐species should be considered separately when designing effective control measures.
Breeding spring wheat for improved allelopathic potential
Authors: BERTHOLDSSON N‐O 
Published: January 2010

Bertholdsson N‐O (2010). Breeding spring wheat for improved allelopathic potential. Weed Research50, 49–57.SummaryIt is becoming apparent that allelopathy plays a significant role in the competitive ability of cereals against weeds; barley, wheat and rice cultivars with high allelopathic activity have been identified. However, direct breeding efforts to improve allelopathy have to date only been reported in rice. In this study, a breeding programme in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) was evaluated to determine the efficiency of selection of allelopathy and the ability of breeding lines to suppress weeds in the field. The material used originated from a cross between a Swedish cultivar with low allelopathic activity and a Tunisian cultivar with high allelopathic activity. Allelopathic activity was measured as growth inhibition of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) roots when grown together with the wheat cultivars on agar. For screening of F2 populations, a single plant bioassay was used for the first time. In the F6 and F7 generations, three breeding lines with an average improved allelopathy of 20% and one line with an unimproved allelopathy activity, but with the same phenotype as the high allelopathic lines, were tested together with the low allelopathic Swedish parent. The main result from the field study was a 19% average reduction of weed biomass for the high allelopathic lines, but no significant reduction of the low allelopathic breeding line. Early shoot length and early crop biomass (stages 37–39, Zadoks scale) and straw length of the high allelopathic lines were not significantly different from the Swedish parent. A negative effect was that grain yield was reduced by 9% in the high allelopathic lines. It is suggested that the reduced biomass of weeds in plots planted with the highly allelopathic wheat lines is related to differences in allelopathic activity and not differences in plant growth.
Occurrence and pathogenicity of Neofusicoccum parvum and N. mangiferae on ornamental Tibouchina species
Authors: Heath R. N. , Roux J. , Slippers B. , Drenth A. , Pennycook S. R. , Wingfield B. D. , Wingfield M. J. 
Published: January 2010

SummarySpecies in the Botryosphaeriaceae are important canker pathogens of woody plants, including Eucalyptus spp. The recent discovery of the Eucalyptus pathogen, Chrysoporthe austroafricana, on ornamental Tibouchina trees raised the question as to whether Tibouchina spp. might be alternative hosts for other Eucalyptus pathogens. Therefore, the aim of this study was to consider whether species of the Botryosphaeriaceae occurring on Eucalyptus spp. might also occur on ornamental Tibouchina spp. Isolations were made from Tibouchina trees in South Africa, New Zealand and Australia. Isolates were identified using morphological characteristics and DNA‐based techniques. Neofusicoccum parvum and N. mangiferae were identified from the samples. Pathogenicity trials on T. urvilleana showed that both species are pathogenic to this host.
Serological Detection of Cymbidium mosaic and Odontoglossum ringspot viruses in Orchids with Polyclonal Antibodies Produced Against Their Recombinant Coat Proteins
Authors: Rani Pooja , Pant Rajendra Prasad , Jain Rakesh Kumar 
Published: January 2010

AbstractCymbidium mosaic and Odontoglossum ringspot viruses infecting orchids were identified by coat protein (CP) properties. The Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV) CP gene is 672 nt long, potentially encoding 223 amino acids (aa). The Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) CP gene is 477 nt long, potentially encoding 158 aa. The CP gene of CymMV and ORSV isolates originating from different locations was highly conserved both at the nucleotide and amino acid levels (94–100%). Polyclonal antibodies against CymMV and ORSV were separately produced using bacterially expressed recombinant CP as immunogens. Antisera to CymMV (titre 1 : 2000) and ORSV (titre 1 : 250) detected the viruses by direct antigen‐coated enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (DAC‐ELISA) in orchid samples collected from Sikkim, India. Survey results indicated the prevalence of mixed infection of CymMV and ORSV in Cymbidium spp. The immunoreagents we developed will be useful for virus indexing in orchid certification programmes.
The east–west advancement flap (horizontal advancement flap) to repair a defect on the nose ala
Authors: Ascari‐Raccagni A , Dondas A , Righini MG , Trevisan G 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackground  The repair of an alar nasal defect is a frequent challenge for dermatologic surgeons for reasons of the high rate of non‐melanoma cancers in the area.Objective  Our aim was to describe the use of an east–west cheek‐based flap (horizontal advancement flap) to repair a surgical defect on the nose ala.Methods  Benefits and limits of this surgical procedure are evaluated.Result  The resulting S‐shaped scar was well‐camouflaged among the natural skin lines (melolabial fold and melonasal junction). No architectural distortion of the nose resulted from the procedure.Conclusion  In selected patients with small‐to‐medium‐size defects of the nasal ala, the horizontal advancement flap is a simple, reliable and aesthetic reconstruction option.
Distribution and expression of CD200 in the rat respiratory system under normal and endotoxin‐induced pathological conditions
Authors: Jiang‐Shieh Ya‐Fen , Chien Hsiung‐Fei , Chang Chiu‐Yun , Wei Tsui‐Shan , Chiu Mei‐Miao , Chen Hui‐Min , Wu Ching‐Hsiang 
Published: January 2010

Abstract In vivo and in vitro studies have clearly demonstrated that signaling mediated by the interaction of CD200 and its cognate receptor, CD200R, results in an attenuation of inflammatory or autoimmune responses through multiple mechanisms. The present results have shown a differential expression of CD200 in the respiratory tract of intact rats. Along the respiratory passage, CD200 was specifically distributed at the bronchiolar epithelia with intense CD200 immunoreactivity localized at the apical surface of some ciliated epithelial cells; only a limited expression was detected on the Clara cells extending into the alveolar duct. In the alveolar septum, double immunofluorescence showed intense CD200 immunolabeling on the capillary endothelia. A moderate CD200 labeling was observed on the alveolar type II epithelial cells. It was, however, absent in the alveolar type I epithelial cells and the alveolar macrophages. Immunoelectron microscopic study has revealed a specific distribution of CD200 on the luminal front of the thin portion of alveolar endothelia. During endotoxemia, the injured lungs showed a dose‐ and time‐dependent decline of CD200 expression accompanied by a vigorous infiltration of immune cells, some of them expressing ionized calcium binding adapter protein 1 or CD200. Ultrastructural examination further showed that the marked reduction of CD200 expression was mainly attributable to the loss of alveolar endothelial CD200. It is therefore suggested that CD200 expressed by different lung cells may play diverse roles in immune homeostasis of normal lung, in particular, the molecules on alveolar endothelia that may control regular recruitment of immune cells via CD200‐CD200R interaction. Additionally, it may contribute to intense infiltration of immune cells following the loss or inefficiency of CD200 under pathological conditions.
Mast cells in the amphibian brain during development
Authors: Pinelli Claudia , Santillo Alessandra , Baccari Gabriella Chieffi , Monteforte Rossella , Rastogi Rakesh K. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis is the first descriptive study of ontogenesis and anatomical distribution of mast cells in the developing brain of three different amphibian species. In the toad and the green frog, mast cells are preferentially located in: (i) the meningeal lining (pia mater), (ii) the choroid plexuses, both anterior and posterior, and (iii) the neuropil, in close association with the epithelial cell lining of blood vessels. It is only in the perennially aquatic African clawed frog that mast cells never appear inside brain ventricles and within the neuropil. Mast cells first become identifiable in brain of different species in different stages of development. While there are differences in the number of mast cells in different species at different stages of development, the number nearly doubles in all three species during the transition from pro‐metamorphic stage of larval development to the peak of metamorphic climax. Furthermore, the number of mast cells is comparatively higher in the toad and remarkably lower in the fully aquatic Xenopus laevis, in which species the first appearance of identifiable mast cells during larval development occurs much later than in equivalent stages of development of the toad and the green frog. The secretory nature of mast cells can be assumed by the presence of cytoplasmic granules, which may show species‐specific texture. Further experimental analyses are required to unveil the usefulness of mast cells in the amphibian brain.
Autonomic alterations and cardiac changes in epilepsy
Authors: Sevcencu Cristian , Struijk Johannes J. 
Published: January 2010

SummaryStudies with heart rate variability have revealed interictal autonomic alterations in patients with epilepsy. In addition, epilepsy is frequently associated with ictal tachycardia or bradycardia, which sometimes precedes the onset of seizures. Ictal tachycardia is sometimes associated with electrocardiography (ECG) morphologic changes and ictal bradycardia often progresses to asystole. Such cardiac manifestations of seizures have been hypothesized as possible causes for sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUPEP). The present review relates to interictal and ictal cardiac manifestations of epilepsy with focus on heart rate, heart rate variability, and ECG changes. Aspects of the supporting mechanisms are discussed and attention is drawn to the interaction between central and peripheral effects, interictal autonomic conditions, ictal autonomic discharges, and administration of antiepileptic drugs in shaping the ictal cardiac changes. Because these interactions are complex and not totally understood, closer surveillance of patients and more experimental work is necessary to elucidate the mechanistic support of autonomic and cardiac changes in epilepsy, and to design better strategies to avoid their undesirable effects. It is also suggested that some of these changes could be used as predictors or markers for the onset of seizures.
Parental and physician beliefs regarding the provision and content of written sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) information
Authors: Gayatri Neti A. , Morrall Matthew C. H. J. , Jain Vivek , Kashyape Pawan , Pysden Karen , Ferrie Colin 
Published: January 2010

SummaryPurpose:  The 2007 UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines for epilepsy recommend disclosing the risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) to patients. This recommendation is not undertaken routinely, and considerable variation in individual physician practice exists. Literature indicates wariness of causing distress and anxiety, particularly to children/young people and their families through disclosing a nonpreventable risk. There has been no systematic pediatric study examining parent/guardian information needs and beliefs for risk of SUDEP and its impact on seizure management. It is important to first address these concerns before routinely imparting SUDEP information to parents following NICE recommendations.Methods:  Two questionnaire surveys: a questionnaire examining the provision by pediatric neurologists of SUDEP information, and questionnaires examining parental beliefs and implications at two time points regarding SUDEP information provided in a leaflet. Participants were included in the study if their child had an established diagnosis of epilepsy. Factors for exclusion were single unprovoked seizure, absence seizures, patients in remission, and active discontinuation of treatment.Results:  The majority (74%) of pediatric neurologists provided SUDEP information only to a select group of children with epilepsy and were uncertain about the effect such information would have upon the parent and child. Conversely, 91% of parents expected the pediatric neurologist to provide SUDEP risk information. The provision of this information did not have a significant immediate and longer‐term negative impact.Discussion:  The majority of parents wanted to know about SUDEP and its associated risks. Whenever possible, SUDEP information should be given by the physician accompanied by an information leaflet.
Transient improvement after brief antiepileptic drug withdrawal in the epilepsy monitoring unit—possible relationship to AED tolerance
Authors: Azar Nabil J. , Lagrange Andre H. , Wang Lily , Song Yanna , Abou‐Khalil Bassel W. 
Published: January 2010

SummaryPurpose:  A drug holiday seems to produce seizure interval prolongation (SIP) after reinstitution of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). This effect was demonstrated mainly with carbamazepine. We evaluated SIP with newer AEDs and tested the relationship of SIP to history of AED tolerance.Methods:  We prospectively studied patients with refractory epilepsy admitted to the Vanderbilt epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU) over a period of 12 months. We included only patients on levetiracetam, lamotrigine, or oxcarbazepine who had their AEDs withdrawn on admission and reinstituted without change upon discharge. We defined SIP as the interval from EMU discharge to first seizure minus the interval between the last two seizures before EMU admission.Results:  A total of 43 patients completed the study; 15 were on monotherapy. SIP was greater than zero in this patient group (p < 0.0001), with a mean prolongation of 19.4 ± 28.0 days. The average SIP was higher (p = 0.01) in patients on monotherapy (29.7 ± 23.8 days) than patients on polytherapy (13.9 ± 29.0 days). SIP tended to be greater in patients with a prior history of AED tolerance (25.7 ± 36.8 days) compared to patient with no prior history of AED tolerance (14.0 ± 16.3 days).Discussion:  SIP does occur after brief AED withdrawal. This effect is greater in patients on monotherapy and tends to be larger in patients with a history of AED tolerance. The SIP effect may be related to the phenomenon of tolerance, clinically seen as resistance to AED therapeutic effect.
Interactions between bipolar disorder and antisocial personality disorder in trait impulsivity and severity of illness
Authors: Swann A. C. , Lijffijt M. , Lane S. D. , Steinberg J. L. , Moeller F. G. 
Published: January 2010

Swann AC, Lijffijt M, Lane SD, Steinberg JL, Moeller FG. Interactions between bipolar disorder and antisocial personality disorder in trait impulsivity and severity of illness.Objective:  We investigated trait impulsivity in bipolar disorder and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) with respect to severity and course of illness.Method:  Subjects included 78 controls, 34 ASPD, 61 bipolar disorder without Axis II disorder, and 24 bipolar disorder with ASPD, by Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐IV) (SCID‐I and ‐II). Data were analyzed using general linear model and probit analysis.Results:  Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS‐11) scores were higher in ASPD (effect sizes 0.5–0.8) or bipolar disorder (effect size 1.45) than in controls. Subjects with both had more suicide attempts and previous episodes than bipolar disorder alone, and more substance‐use disorders and suicide attempts than ASPD alone. BIS‐11 scores were not related to severity of crimes.Conclusion:  Impulsivity was higher in bipolar disorder with or without ASPD than in ASPD alone, and higher in ASPD than in controls. Adverse effects of bipolar disorder in ASPD, but not of ASPD in bipolar disorder, were accounted for by increased impulsivity.
Attitudes of Italian dental and dental hygiene students toward tobacco‐use cessation
Authors: Pizzo G. , Licata M. E. , Piscopo M. R. , Coniglio M. A. , Pignato S. , Davis J. M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjective:  The aim of this study was to investigate the smoking habits of Italian dental and dental hygiene students and to assess their knowledge on the health effects of cigarette smoking and their attitudes toward tobacco‐use cessation (TUC) in dental practice.Materials and methods:  Data was collected from 220 students attending the Dental and Dental Hygiene Schools (DS and DHS, respectively) at the University of Palermo (Italy).Results:  The percentage of smokers amongst DS and DHS students was similar (32.78% vs. 32.5%) with 67.77% of DS students and 77.5% of DHS agreeing that the damages to health caused by smoking were covered in their didactic course work. A high percentage of DS (63.33%) and DHS (67.5%) students reported the relationship between smoking and a number of associated health conditions. Both DS and DHS students showed poor knowledge of TUC interventions. Both DS and DHS students reported to be conscious of their own role as a counsellor, with DHS students feeling more comfortable in approaching counselling in clinical practice. Although DS and DHS students reported a positive attitude toward TUC interventions, almost half of the students had some concerns about the effectiveness of smoking cessation activities.Discussion:  The introduction of a comprehensive tobacco education curriculum in DS and DHS programs could further improve students’ perceptions and attitudes and provide knowledge and clinical experience which would lead to the incorporation of TUC into subsequent professional practice.
Problem‐based learning in postgraduate dental education: a qualitative evaluation of students’ experience of an orthodontic problem‐based postgraduate programme
Authors: Bearn D. R. , Chadwick S. M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIntroduction:  Problem based learning (PBL) has gained wide acceptance in undergraduate education, but less so in postgraduate education. Qualitative research methodologies can help us gain insight and understanding of the students’ experience in undertaking such programmes.Aim:  To evaluate the experiences of postgraduate students undertaking a PBL based postgraduate programme.Methods:  Focus groups and semi‐structured interviews were used to investigate students’ experiences. The qualitative data were coded, the codes were grouped into categories and a coding framework developed. From this a construct is proposed to give insight into students’ experiences. The validity of this construct was examined by reviewing the literature.Results:  Students entered the programme with high expectations, but soon found they had challenges to overcome. They came to realise that they were on a journey, rather than undertaking a sequence of separate individual learning events. PBL led to significant tensions both within the individuals and the group, caused by the conflict between appreciating PBL as a ‘good thing’ and yet finding that `it just doesn’t seem to work’. The fear of failure in a high stakes setting only exacerbated these tensions. The literature review revealed an inconsistent approach to the use of PBL and its evaluation in a postgraduate/continuing medical education setting. However it did provide evidence of similar findings in qualitative studies, supporting the construct developed.Conclusion:  We have proposed a construct to help in understanding the PBL experience for students undergoing a ‘high stakes’ orthodontic postgraduate programme with a core of PBL.
Proposed requirements for a European Doctorate in Dentistry: a discussion document prepared by a special interest group under the auspices of the Association for Dental Education in Europe
Authors: Kersten H. , Bearn D. , Gundersen S. , Holbrook P. , Kotsanos N. , Radnai M. , Virtanen J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn the Bologna process a third cycle is distinguished at the doctoral level. In documents on the Bologna process it is advocated to harmonise the structure and requirements of the doctorate, which in Europe are characterised by a wide variety. Differences exist in all possible requirements between countries, and even between schools within one country differences can be seen. In this paper an inventory is made of these differences in the dental doctorate between European countries. Moreover, the need for necessary harmonisation of requirements for a European dental doctorate is strongly advocated and a proposal is presented.