bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How One Elementary School Uses Data to Help Raise Students' Reading Achievement
Authors: Mokhtari Kouider , Thoma Jennifer , Edwards Patricia 
Published: November 2009

In this column, we share the collective reflections of a group of teachers and a school administrator in one Midwestern elementary school, which highlight the value of using data collaboratively to bring about instructional change and to improve student reading achievement.في هذا العمود نشارك التأملات الجماعية من مجموعة المعلمين ومدير مدرسي من مدرسة ابتدائية واقعة في غرب وسط أمريكا التي تسلط الضوء على قيمة استخدام معطيات بشكل تعاوني كي تُحدِث التغيرات التعليمية وتحسين إنجازات الطلاب القرائية.在本期专栏中，我们与读者分享一组教师及一位学校行政人员的集体反思，他们来自一所位于美国中西部的小学。他们的集体反思凸显出为求促成教学转变及改善学生阅读成绩而协同使用资料的价值。Dans cette rubrique, nous présentons la réflexion collective d'un groupe d'enseignants et d'un administrateur scolaire d'une école élémentaire du middle‐ouest qui met en évidence l'intérêt qu'il y a à se servir ensemble de données pour apporter des changements dans l'enseignement et pour améliorer la lecture des élèves.В этом выпуске рубрики мы предлагаем размышления целой группы учителей и школьного администратора одной из начальных школ на Среднем Западе США. Они подчеркивают, как важно совместно использовать получаемые каждым отдельным специалистом данные – только так можно достигнуть кардинальных перемен и вырастить успешных читателей.En esta columna compartimos las reflexiones de un grupo de maestros y un administrador de escuela en una escuela primaria del medio oeste americano que resalta el valor de la colaboración en el uso de datos para lograr cambios en la enseñanza y mejorar la lectura de los estudiantes.
Effective Literacy Instruction for Urban Children: Voices From the Classroom
Authors: Scott Jerrie L. , Teale William H. , Carry Diana Dumetz , Johnson Neshellda , Morgan Des Remona 
Published: November 2009

This article draws upon the voices and ideas of three urban literacy practitioners who suggest what it takes to have effective elementary and middle school literacy instruction for urban students.تستدعي هذه المقالة أصوات ثلاثة معلمين مدنيين وأفكارهم الذين يقدمون اقتراحاتهم بما يستلزم لإنجاز التعليم الفعال في المدرسة الابتدائية والإعدادية بالنسبة إلى الطلاب المدنيين.本文借鉴了三位在城市工作的读写能力教学从业人员所表达的声音和意见。他们就为城市中、小学生提供有效读写能力教学所需之条件，提出了一些建议。Cet article provient des propos et des idées de trois praticiens de littératie de banlieues qui disent ce qu'il faudrait faire pour qu'il y ait un enseignement efficace de la littératie à l'école et au collège pour les élèves des banlieues.В статье звучат голоса трех учителей‐практиков, преподающих в городских школах. Они делятся своими соображениями о том, как обеспечить эффективное обучение грамотности в начальной и средней школе, где учатся дети из малообразованных семей с весьма скромным достатком.Este artículo se basa en las voces y las ideas de tres practicantes urbanos de competencias que sugieren lo que es necesario para que la instrucción de competencias a estudiantes urbanos a nivel de primaria e intermedia sea eficaz.
Floating on a Sea of Talk: Reading Comprehension Through Speaking and Listening
Authors: Mills Kathy A. 
Published: November 2009

Talk is the foundation for thought and understanding and the key to literacy learning. Research demonstrates that powerful metacognitive strategies can be taught to help students self‐monitor their comprehension when reading print and digital texts. This article provides a repertoire of speaking and listening strategies to develop the metacognitive thinking of students in the elementary years.إن الكلام أساس التفكير والفهم ومفتاح تعلم القراءة والكتابة وتُظهِر الأبحاث العلمية أن الإستراتيجيات القوية بصدد التفكير ما وراء المعرفة قد تُعلَّم لمساعدة الطلاب في القيام بمراقبة قهمهم بشكل ذاتي حين يقرؤون النصوص المطبوعة والرقمية. إذ تقدم هذه المقالة ذخيرة من إستراتيجيات المحادثة والاستماع من أجل تنمية تفكير ما وراء المعرفة لدى الطلاب في الصفوف الابتدائية.谈话是思想和理解的基础，也是读写文化学习的关键要素。研究显示高效能的元认知策略可以教给学生，帮助他们在阅读印刷及数字文本时，能自我监察自己的阅读理解过程。本文提供一套说话与聆听策略，以培养学生在小学期间的元认知思维发展。La parole est la base de la pensée et de la compréhension et la clé de l'apprentissage de la littératie. Les recherches montrent que l'on peut enseigner de puissantes stratégies métacognitives pour aider les élèves à piloter eux‐mêmes leur compréhension quand ils lisent des textes imprimés ou numérisés. Cet article fournit un répertoire de stratégies à l'émission et à la réception pour développer la réflexion métacognitive des élèves pendant les années d'école élémentaire.Беседа – основа мышления и понимания и ключ к развитию грамотности. Исследования подтверждают, что детей можно обучить мощным метакогнитивным стратегиям, чтобы помочь им контролировать собственный уровень понимания при чтении печатных и электронных текстов. В статье предложен целый ряд стратегий, связанных с говорением и аудированием, которые развивают метакогнитивное мышление младших школьников.El habla es la base para el pensamiento y el entendimiento y es central a la alfabetización. La investigación ha mostrado que es posible enseñar estrategias metacognoscitivas importantes que ayudan a los estudiantes a supervisar su comprensión al leer textos impresos y digitales. Este artículo proporciona toda una gama de estrategias para hablar y escuchar que desarrollan el pensamiento metacognoscitivo de los estudiantes en los primeros grados.
Impact of Water-Based Drilling-In Fluids on Solids Invasion and Damage Characteristics
Authors: Al-Yami A.S.. S. , Nasr-El-Din H.A.. A. , Al-Shafei M.. , Bataweel M.A.. A. 
Published: November 2009

Summary
Drilling the U-formation (shale and sandstone) in Saudi Arabia requires high drilling fluid density (±95 lbm/ft3) to mechanically stabilize the shale and balance the reservoir pressure. Two fluids have been used to drill this formation: KCl/BaSO4/CaCO3 and potassium formate/CaCO3 drilling fluids. Barite is added in the first fluid with CaCO3 to reduce the amount of solids needed to formulate the drillin fluid. However, BaSO4 is insoluble in acids and requires chelating agents (DTPA) to remove it from the formation. Formate drill-in fluids with low solids content can be used, but they are expensive and corrosive at pH values less than 7-8. A third drilling fluid was developed recently by Al-Yami et al. (2007) to overcome some of the problems associated with these two systems.
The objectives of this study are to determine solids invasion and damage characteristics for the three fluids. Coreflood tests were conducted using reservoir cores at bottomhole conditions. The cores were then examined by environmental-scanning-electron-microscope (ESEM) analysis to investigate solids invasion, solids type, and location of damage.
The three drilling fluids examined did damage the core plugs either through external filter cake, internal filter cake, or both. The ESEM images showed that the least damage occurred when Mn3O4 water-based drill-in fluid was used. The highest damage was observed when barite/CaCO3 mud was examined. This was followed by the potassium formate drill-in fluids. Kaolinite booklets were not attacked by the filtrate of the three drill-in fluids examined. The damage that was noted with potassium formate mud resulted from incompatibility of mud filtrate with the formation brine where potassium chloride crystals were noted in the cores.
Optimization of SAGD Wellbore Completions: Short-Production-TubingString Sensitivities
Authors: Cokar Marya , Graham John 
Published: November 2009

Summary
A simulation study was conducted to examine the effects of changing the landing position of the short production-tubing string relative to the heel of a steam-assisted gravity-drainage (SAGD) production well. A homogeneous discretized wellbore model with the riser section was used in this study. Generally, a reservoir is modeled independently of the wellbore. However, this study models the reservoir and wellbore simultaneously in order to understand their interactions. SAGD performance is affected by many interrelated parameters; however, this paper is focused only on the effects of changing the short production-tubing string relative to the heel of the well.
This paper outlines two independent case studies: The first study involves shortening the short production-tubing string relative to the heel of the well. It was found that as the short tubing string was pulled back from the heel of the well, the bitumen-production rate decreased, and the amount of steam produced through the short production-tubing string increased.The second case study outlines the impact of extending the short production-tubing string past the heel of the well on bitumen production and steam/oil ratio (SOR). From this case study, it was found that as the short production-tubing string was pushed past the heel of the well, the bitumen-production rate stayed the same, but the steam-injection rate decreased, which consequently decreased the SOR. It was also observed that a lower pressure differential between the injector and producer well was established when the short production-tubing string was extended.
The results for this study will assist SAGD producers in re-evaluating the position of the short production-tubing string and find the most economical position for this string. This paper creates the foundation for further simulation efforts to incorporate a discretized model with the build section coupled to the reservoir. This will allow production engineers to optimize bitumen production by simultaneously simulating the reservoir and wellbore strings together. However, it must be kept in mind that the sensitivity study outlined in this paper only includes different placements of the short production-tubing string while keeping all other parameters constant. More work should be done in order to evaluate the interrelated effects of changing the location of the short production-tubing string with other wellbore and reservoir parameters.
Driving Mishaps Among Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Cox Daniel J. , Ford Derek , Gonder-Frederick Linda , Clarke William , Mazze Roger , Weinger Katie , Ritterband Lee 
Published: November 2009

OBJECTIVE
Hypoglycemia-related neuroglycopenia disrupts cognitive-motor functioning, which can impact driving safety. Retrospective studies suggest that drivers with type 1 diabetes experience more collisions and citations than their nondiabetic spouses. We present the first prospective data documenting the occurrence of apparent neuroglycopenia-related driving performance impairments.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We completed the initial screening of 452 drivers from three geographically diverse centers who then reported monthly occurrences of driving “mishaps,” including collisions, citations, losing control, automatic driving, someone else taking over driving, and moderate or severe hypoglycemia while driving.

RESULTS
Over 12 months, 52% of the drivers reported at least one hypoglycemia-related driving mishap and 5% reported six or more. These mishaps were related to mileage driven, history of severe hypoglycemia, and use of insulin pump therapy.

CONCLUSIONS
Many individuals with type 1 diabetes report hypoglycemia-related driving events. Clinicians should explore the recent experiences with hypoglycemia while driving and the risk of future events.
Rates of Progression in Diabetic Retinopathy During Different Time Periods
Authors: Wong Tien Y. , Mwamburi Mkaya , Klein Ronald , Larsen Michael , Flynn Harry , Hernandez-Medina Marisol , Ranganathan Gayatri , Wirostko Barbara , Pleil Andreas , Mitchell Paul 
Published: November 2009

OBJECTIVE
This meta-analysis reviews rates of progression of diabetic retinopathy to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and/or severe visual loss (SVL) and temporal trends.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This systematic literature review and meta-analysis of prospective studies assesses progression of retinopathy among diabetic patients without treatment for retinopathy at baseline. Studies published between 1975 to February 2008 were identified. Outcomes of interest were rates of progression to PDR and/or SVL. Pooled baseline characteristics and outcome measures were summarized using weighted averages of counts and means. Baseline characteristics and outcomes were compared between two periods: 1975–1985 and 1986–2008.

RESULTS
A total of 28 studies comprising 27,120 diabetic patients (mean age 49.8 years) were included. After 4 years, pooled incidence rates for PDR and SVL were 11.0 and 7.2%, respectively. Rates were lower among participants in 1986–2008 than in 1975–1985. After 10 years, similar patterns were observed. Participants in 1986–2008 studies had lower proportions of PDR and non-PDR at all time points than participants in 1975–1985 studies.

CONCLUSIONS
Since 1985, diabetic patients have lower rates of progression to PDR and SVL. These findings may reflect an increased awareness of retinopathy risk factors; earlier identification and initiation of care for patients with retinopathy; and improved medical management of glucose, blood pressure, and serum lipids. Differences in baseline characteristics, particularly in the prevalence and severity of retinopathy, could also have contributed to these temporal differences.
Prospective Study of Pre-Gravid Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption and the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Chen Liwei , Hu Frank B. , Yeung Edwina , Willett Walter , Zhang Cuilin 
Published: November 2009

OBJECTIVE
Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) was related to an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance in several recent studies among middle- or older-aged populations. Studies on SSB consumption and glucose intolerance among pregnant women, however, are lacking. We therefore examined the association between regular SSB consumption before pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a prospective study among 13,475 U.S. women who reported at least one singleton pregnancy between 1992 and 2001 in the Nurses' Health Study II. GDM was self-reported and validated by medical record review in a subsample. Cox proportional hazards models with multivariate adjustments were applied to examine the association of SSB consumption with GDM risk.

RESULTS
During 10 years of follow-up, 860 incident GDM case subjects were identified. After adjustment for age, parity, race, physical activity, smoking, alcohol intake, prepregnancy BMI, and Western dietary pattern, intake of sugar-sweetened cola was positively associated with the risk of GDM, whereas no significant association was found for other SSBs and diet beverages. Compared with women who consumed &lt;1 serving/month, those who consumed ≥5 servings/week of sugar-sweetened cola had a 22% greater GDM risk (relative risk 1.22 [95% CI 1.01–1.47]).

CONCLUSIONS
Findings from this study suggest that prepregnancy higher consumption of sugar-sweetened cola (≥5 servings/week) is associated with an elevated GDM risk, whereas no significant association with GDM risk was observed for other SSBs and diet beverages.
Influence of PAHs on ligninolytic enzymes of the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus D1
Authors: Pozdnyakova Natalia , Nikiforova Svetlana , Turkovskaya Olga 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), their derivatives, and their degradation products were assayed for the ability to enhance activities of ligninolytic enzymes (laccase and versatile peroxidase) of the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus D1. The activities of both laccase and versatile peroxidase were induced by the PAHs, their derivatives, and their degradation products. Laccase was produced mostly in the first 7–10 days, whereas the production of versatile peroxidase began after 5–7 days of cultivation. Non-denaturing PAGE showed the presence of additional forms of laccase and versatile peroxidase in the presence of the xenobiotics in the cultivation medium. The difference in the production time for these enzymes may reflect that laccases are involved in the first stages of PAHs degradation and that versatile peroxidase can be necessary for oxidation of some degradation products. This is the first report on versatile peroxidase induction by PAHs and their derivatives.
ACAT-1, Cav-1 and PrP expression in scrapie susceptible and resistant sheep
Authors: Orrù Cristina , Abete Claudia , Dolores Cannas M. , Mulas Claudia , Norfo Claudia , Mandas Antonella , Vascellari Sarah , Colla Paolo , Dessì Sandra , Pani Alessandra 
Published: November 2009

AbstractScrapie is a prion disease for which no means of ante-mortem diagnosis is available. We recently found a relationship between cell susceptibility to scrapie and altered cholesterol homeostasis. In brains and in skin fibroblasts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy and scrapie-affected sheep carrying a scrapie-susceptible genotype, the levels of cholesterol esters were consistently higher than in tissues and cultures derived from animals with a scrapie-resistant genotype. Here we show that intracellular accumulation of cholesterol esters (CE) in fibroblasts derived from scrapie-susceptible sheep was accompanied by parallel alterations in the expression level of acyl-coenzymeA: cholesterol-acyltransferase (ACAT1) and caveolin-1 (Cav-1) that are involved in the pathways leading to intracellular cholesterol esterification and trafficking. Comparative analysis of cellular prion protein (PrPc) mRNA, showed an higher expression level in cells from animals carrying a susceptible genotype, with or without Scrapie. These data suggest that CE accumulation in peripheral cells, together with the altered expression of some proteins implicated in intracellular cholesterol homeostasis, might serve to identify a distinctive lipid metabolic profile associated with increased susceptibility to develop prion disease following infection.
In-vivo effects of nociceptin and its structural analogue [Orn9] nociceptin on the antioxidant status of rat blood and liver after carrageenan-induced paw inflammation
Authors: Petrov Lubomir , Tzvetanova Elina , Pavlova Almira , Alexandrova Albena , Zamfirova Rositsa , Kirkova Margarita , Todorov Simeon 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells is well balanced with their elimination by the antioxidant defence system. This balance is essential for maintenance of physiological conditions, and its disturbance (oxidative stress) has been suggested as a potential pathogenic mechanism in a variety of diseases, accompanied by inflammation. In this study, the in-vivo effects of nociceptin (N/OFQ(1–13)NH2) and its structure analogue [Orn9]N/OFQ(1–13)NH2 were studied on markers of oxidative stress in erythrocytes and liver of rats 4 hours after subplantar administration of carrageenan (CG) (1%, 100 µl) in the right hind paw. A considerable inflammatory oedema of the paw was observed. CG did not change blood haemoglobin content, hematocrit value, glutathione level and antioxidant enzyme activities in the erythrocytes, but there was an increase in lipid peroxidation. In liver, CG-induced imbalance was manifested by an increase in lipid peroxidation and a decrease in glutathione level. Both peptides (20 µg, i.p.), when administered alone, had no effect on all parameters tested. When either [Orn9]N/OFQ(1–13)NH2 or N/OFQ(1–13)NH2 was injected simultaneously with CG or 15 minutes before it, they did not affect the CG-induced changes in the antioxidant status of the erythrocytes and liver. Our results suggest that the peptides tested did not play a role in the free radical processes that accompany CG-induced paw inflammation.
The role of acidity profile in the nanotubular growth of polyaniline
Authors: Konyushenko Elena , Trchová Miroslava , Stejskal Jaroslav , Sapurina Irina 
Published: November 2009

AbstractConditions of polyaniline (PANI) nanotubes preparation were analyzed. Aniline was oxidized with ammonium peroxydisulfate in 0.4 M acetic acid. There are two subsequent oxidation steps and the products were collected after each of them. At pH > 3, neutral aniline molecules are oxidized to non-conducting aniline oligomers. These produce templates for the subsequent growth of PANI nanotubes, which takes place preferably at pH 2–3. At pH < 2, granular morphology of the conducting PANI is obtained. High final acidity of the medium should be avoided in the preparation of nanotubes, e.g., by reducing the amount of sulfuric acid which is a by-product. Reduction of the peroxydisulfate-to-aniline mole ratio was tested for this purpose in the present study. Lowering of the reaction temperature from 20°C to −4°C had a positive effect on the formation of nanotubes.
Fuels obtained by thermal cracking of individual and mixed polymers
Authors: Mlynková Božena , Bajus Martin , Hájeková Elena , Kostrab Gabriel , Mravec Dušan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractUtilization of oils/waxes obtained from thermal cracking of individual LDPE (low density polyethylene), HDPE (high density polyethylene), LLDPE (linear low density polyethylene), PP (polypropylene), or cracking of mixed polymers PP/LDPE (1: 1 mass ratio), HDPE/LDPE/PP (1: 1: 1 mass ratio), HDPE/LDPE/LLDPE/PP (1: 1: 1: 1 mass ratio) for the production of automotive gasolines and diesel fuels is overviewed. Thermal cracking was carried out in a batch reactor at 450°C in the presence of nitrogen. The principal process products, gaseous and liquid hydrocarbon fractions, are similar to the refinery cracking products. Liquid cracking products are unstable due to the olefins content and their chemical composition and their properties strongly depend on the feed composition. Naphtha and diesel fractions were hydrogenated over a Pd/C catalyst. Bromine numbers of hydrogenated fractions decreased to values from 0.02 g to 6.9 g of Br2 per 100 g of the sample. Research octane numbers (RON) before the hydrogenation of naphtha fractions were in the range from 80.5 to 93.4. After the hydrogenation of naphtha fractions, RON decreased to values from 61.0 to 93.6. Diesel indexes (DI) for diesel fractions were in the range from 73.7 to 75.6. After the hydrogenation of diesel fractions, DI increased up to 104.9.