bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression profile of latent and lytic transcripts of epstein–barr virus in patients with gastroduodenal diseases: A study from northern India
Authors: Shukla S.K. , Prasad K.N. , Tripathi A. , Ghoshal U.C. , Krishnani N. , Husain N. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractEpstein–Barr virus (EBV) has been shown to be associated with gastric cancer. However, inconsistent findings have been reported regarding the EBV reactivation in gastric cancer and non‐carcinomatous gastric epithelium. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of clinicopathological findings on the expression of different transcripts of EBV in patients with gastric cancer, peptic ulcer, and dyspepsia. A total of 200 adult patients (dyspepsia [120], peptic ulcer [30], gastric cancer [50]) undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were enrolled. EBV infection was diagnosed with non‐polymorphic Epstein–Barr nuclear antigen1 (EBNA1) gene based PCR and confirmed by real‐time PCR. The transcripts of EBV were detected by real‐time RT‐PCR. In patients with gastric cancer and peptic ulcer, EBV DNA was detected more often than in those with dyspepsia (P < 0.05). EBNA1 transcript was detected in all EBV positive cases and its expression was neither associated with disease nor with histopathological findings. The expression of BZLF1 was significantly associated with gastric cancer and peptic ulcer compared to dyspepsia (P < 0.01). BZLF1 expression was also found to be higher in Helicobacter pylori infected patients (P = 0.058). Expression of BARF1 and BcLF1 were significantly higher in gastric epithelium of patients having severe grade chronic inflammation (P = 0.05) and gastric atrophy (P = 0.02), respectively. In conclusion, increased expression of lytic transcripts in patients with gastric cancer, peptic ulcer, gastric atrophy, chronic inflammation and H. pylori infection suggests the association of these factors with EBV reactivation. J. Med. Virol. 84: 1289–1297, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of human parainfluenza virus type 3 isolated from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almajhdi Fahad N. , Alshaman Mohamed S. , Amer Haitham M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractHuman parainfluenza virus 3 (HPIV‐3) is a leading cause of respiratory disease in children worldwide. Previous sequence analyses of the entire virus genome, among different HPIV‐3 strains, demonstrated that HN is the most variable gene. There is a dearth of data on HPIV‐3 strains circulating in Saudi Arabia. In this report, HPIV‐3 was screened in nasopharyngeal aspirates collected from hospitalized children with acute respiratory disease during two successive seasons (2007/08 and 2008/09) using nested RT‐PCR. Out of 73 samples collected during 2007/08, seven (9.59%) were positive; while 3 out of 107 samples collected during 2008/09 (2.8%) were positive. Virus isolation in cell culture was successful using HEp2, but not Vero cells. The identity of the isolated viruses was confirmed using immunofluorescence and neutralization assays. To elucidate the genetic characteristics and phylogeny of Saudi HPIV‐3 strains, the complete HN gene sequence of two selected Saudi strains was analyzed in comparison to 20 strains isolated by others from different countries worldwide. Both strains showed the highest degree of sequence homology with Indian strains, followed by Chinese and most Japanese strains. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that these strains fell into a distinct Asian lineage. This study is the first in Saudi Arabia to recover HPIV‐3 isolates of confirmed identity, and to generate sequence data that may help in understanding virus diversity and evolution. J. Med. Virol. 84: 1304–1311, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of a numerical model of the British–Irish ice sheet using relative sea‐level data: implications for the interpretation of trimline observations
Authors: Kuchar Joseph , Milne Glenn , Hubbard Alun , Patton Henry , Bradley Sarah , Shennan Ian , Edwards Robin 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) of the British Isles is complex due to the interplay between local and non‐local signals. A number of recent studies have modelled the GIA response of the British Isles using relative sea‐level data. This study extends these previous analyses by using output from a numerical glaciological model as input to a GIA model. This is a necessary step towards more realistic GIA models, and although there have been similar studies for the major late Pleistocene ice sheets, this is the first study to do so for the British Isles. We test three reconstructions, classed as ‘minimal’, ‘median’ and ‘maximal’ in terms of their volume at maximum extent, and find it is possible to obtain good data–model fits. The minimal reconstruction is clearly preferred by the sea‐level data. The ice reconstructions tested were not constrained by geomorphological information of past ice extent (lateral and vertical). As a consequence, the reconstructions extend further than much of this information suggests, particularly in terms of ice thickness. It is notable, however, that the reconstructions produce good fits to many sea‐level data from central, mountainous regions (e.g. Scottish highlands), which lends support to the suggestion that trimlines, often used as an constraint on the palaeo ice surface location, are in fact features formed at the transition from warm‐ to cold‐based ice and so mark a minimum constraint on the ice surface altitude. Based on data–model misfits, suggestions are made for improving the ice model reconstructions. However, in many locations, the cause of the misfit could be due to non‐local, predominantly Fennoscandian ice and so interpretation is not straightforward. As a result, we suggest that future analyses of this type consider models and observations for both Fennoscandia and the British Isles. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alcohol and risk of Parkinson's disease in a large, prospective cohort of men and women
Authors: Palacios Natalia , Gao Xiang , O'Reilly Eilis , Schwarzschild Michael , McCullough Marjorie L. , Mayo Tinisha , Gapstur Susan M. , Ascherio Alberto A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAddictive behaviors, such as cigarette smoking and coffee drinking, have been associated with a reduced risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). Whether alcohol consumption is also associated with PD risk is less certain. We prospectively followed 132,403 participants in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort from 1992 to 2005. Alcohol intake was assessed at baseline. Incident cases of PD (n = 605; 389 male and 216 female) were confirmed by treating physicians and medical record review. Relative risks (RRs) were estimated using proportional hazards models, adjusting for age, smoking, and other risk factors. Alcohol consumption was not significantly associated with PD risk. After adjustment for age, smoking, and other risk factors, the RR comparing men consuming 30 or more grams of alcohol per day (highest category) to nondrinker men was 1.29 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.90, 1.86; P trend: 0.40), and the RR comparing women consuming 15 or more grams of alcohol (highest category) per day to nondrinker women was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.41, 1.45; P trend: 0.87). Consumption of beer, wine, or liquor was also not associated with PD risk. The results of this large, prospective study do not support an association between alcohol intake and risk of PD. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Conversion Rates and Perceived Barriers to Referral: Views of Extended Scope Physiotherapists in the Primary Care Setting
Authors: Griffiths S. , Taylor C. , Yohannes A. M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAimsA questionnaire survey of primary care musculoskeletal extended‐scope physiotherapists (ESPs) was undertaken to determine information about their conversion rates and referral barriers, with regard to radiological and consultant referrals.MethodA sample of 200 musculoskeletal ESPs classified as having a speciality in orthopaedics and working in primary care were recruited via the ‘ESP Professional Network’.ResultsA total of 100 (50%) responses were received. Forty‐seven per cent of primary care ESPs indicated that they recorded their conversion rates, but only 31 participants submitted conversion rate data. Overall, the average conversion rate for all participants was 74% (range 30–95%). Forty‐three per cent of respondents identified that they had experienced barriers when referring for radiological investigations and 38% that they experienced barriers when referring patients to secondary care for a consultant opinion. Commissioning barriers such as poorly commissioned care pathways were the most common theme in both areas. Fifty per cent of respondents identified that they used a referral criteria when referring patients to secondary care. Commonly, these criteria had been developed in conjunction with secondary care consultants or commissioners.ConclusionESPs in primary care have reported similar conversion rates to those working in secondary care. There is a need for further empirical conversion rate studies in primary care to validate these self‐reported findings and to enable ESPs to demonstrate clinical efficiency and benchmark their performance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activities with Higher Influence on Quality of Life in Older Adults in Japan
Authors: Sewo Sampaio Priscila Yukari , Ito Emi 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate the influence of 10 activities on quality of life (QOL) in Japanese older adults and to verify which activities had higher influence on QOL level. The subjects were 465 Japanese community‐dwelling older adults. QOL was assessed by the brief version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL‐BREF) and the complementary assessment to measure the QOL of older adults (WHOQOL‐OLD) module. Activity and participation were measured through a questionnaire concerning frequency of engagement in several activities. The activity with the highest influence on WHOQOL‐BREF was physical activity (β = 0.209, p < 0.01), followed by art activity (β = 0.169, p < 0.01) and reading and writing (β = 0.141, p < 0.01). The activity with the highest influence on WHOQOL‐OLD was social activity (β = 0.222, p < 0.01), followed by reading and writing activity (β = 0.118, p < 0.05). The limitations of this study were the proportion of subjects and the place of recruitment. Further studies investigating in deep the relation between QOL and activity and participation, and other subjective and environmental factors that may influence the QOL are still needed among a higher and homogeneous subjects sample. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Loss of glutathione S‐transferase A4 accelerates obstruction‐induced tubule damage and renal fibrosis
Authors: Liang Anlin , Wang Yun , Woodard Lauren E , Wilson Matthew H , Sharma Rajendra , Awasthi Yogesh C , Du Jie , Mitch William E , Cheng Jizhong 
Published: June 2012

AbstractGlutathione transferase isozyme A4 (GSTA4) exhibits high catalytic efficiency to metabolize 4‐hydroxynonenal (4‐HNE), a highly reactive lipid peroxidation product that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various chronic diseases. We investigated the role of 4‐HNE in the mechanisms of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)‐induced fibrosis and its modulation by GSTA4‐4 in a mouse model. Our data indicate that after UUO, accumulation of 4‐HNE and its adducts were increased in renal tissues, with a concomitant decrease in the expression of GSTA4‐4 in mice. As compared to wild‐type (WT) mice, UUO caused an increased expression of fibroblast markers in the interstitium of GSTA4 KO mice. Additionally, increased autophagy and tubular cell damage were more severe in UUO‐treated GSTA4 KO mice than in WT mice. Furthermore, GSK‐3β phosphorylation and expression of Snail, a regulator of E‐cadherin and Occludin, was found to be significantly higher in UUO‐inflicted GSTA4 KO mice. GSTA4 over‐expression prevented 4‐HNE‐induced autophagy activation, tubular cell damage and Snail nuclear translocation in vitro. The effects of long‐term expression of GSTA4 in restoration of UUO‐induced damage in mice with the GSTA4 inducible transposon system indicated that release of obstruction after 3 days of UUO resulted in the attenuation of interstitial SMAα and collagen I expression. This transposon‐delivered GSTA4 expression also suppressed UUO‐induced loss of tubular cell junction markers and autophagy activation. Together, these results indicate that 4‐HNE significantly contributes to the mechanisms of tubule injury and fibrosis and that these effects can be inhibited by the enhanced expression of GSTA4‐4. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Length of stay and treatment‐related complications are similar in pediatric and AYA patients with bone sarcoma in United States children's hospitals
Authors: Audino Anthony N. , Yeager Nicholas D. , Asti Lindsey , Miao Yongjie , O'Brien Sarah H. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundAdolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer patients have been shown to have unique clinical characteristics and inferior outcomes compared to younger patients. More than 2,500 new bone sarcomas are diagnosed yearly in the US, many of whom are AYAs treated at pediatric hospitals. Pediatric providers must understand the impact of increasing age on complications, costs, and outcomes. The study set‐out to determine if AYA patients with bone sarcomas have increased healthcare utilization and treatment‐related complications as compared to younger patients.ProcedureData were obtained from the Pediatric Health Information System for bone sarcoma admissions at 41 US children's hospitals from 2006 to 2010. Patient demographics and morbidities were compared in patients 0–14 and 15–28 years using two sample t‐tests, Wilcoxon two sample tests, or chi‐squared tests.ResultsWe identified 835 pediatric and 562 AYA patients with bone sarcomas. Mean length of stay (LOS) was comparable between age groups (4.6 and 4.8 days, P = 0.46), although AYA patients had greater mean pharmaceutical charges ($18,124 vs. $13,637, P < 0.0001). Common treatment‐related complications were similar between groups, with the exceptions that febrile neutropenia admissions were more likely in younger patients, and thrombosis, renal failure, and pain were more common in AYA patients.ConclusionsIn US children's hospitals, AYA patients with sarcomas do not have prolonged LOS or an increased risk of the most common treatment‐related complications as compared to younger patients. Chronic pain appears to be a greater burden in AYA patients, and may account for their higher inpatient pharmaceutical costs. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 415–419. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Progressive transformation of germinal centers in children and adolescents: An intriguing cause of lymphadenopathy
Authors: Shaikh Furqan , Ngan Bo‐Yee , Alexander Sarah , Grant Ronald 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical implications of a diagnosis of progressive transformation of germinal centers (PTGC) in children are not well known.MethodsTo better understand this entity, we conducted a retrospective review of all patients aged 0–18 years diagnosed with PTGC at our center between 1998 and 2010.ResultsTwenty‐nine patients were identified. Median age at diagnosis was 11.5 years, and median duration of follow‐up was 2.8 years. Thirteen patients (45%) had a single episode of PTGC with no other associated features. Five patients (17%) had recurrent PTGC. Four patients (14%) had PTGC associated with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL): one preceding, two concurrent, and one subsequently developed HL. The most commonly associated HL was nodular lymphocyte‐predominant HL. Seven patients (24%) had PTGC associated with immune disorders, including lupus, Castleman disease, and probable autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome. Overall, 15 patients (52%) had more than one lymph node biopsy. The cumulative incidence of a second biopsy after a diagnosis of PTGC was 42.3% ± 12.2% at 4 years. PTGC was PET‐avid in all four patients tested.ConclusionsPTGC is a nonspecific manifestation of a variety of associated conditions. There is a small risk of subsequent HL, and a larger risk of requiring multiple biopsies for recurrent PTGC. The presence of an immune disorder should be considered in patients who present with generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, immune cytopenias, and/or progression to HL. Routine surveillance imaging may not be required. Future research should determine the optimal surveillance strategy for patients with PTGC and the indications for repeat biopsies. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 26–30. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Probability current in protein electron transfer: Löwdin population analysis
Authors: de Andrade Paulo Cesar Peres 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe consider the problem of building an electron probability current density in subspaces of the full Hilbert space in case where there are overlaps between the subspaces and its complements. In this case, the projectors onto these subspaces are non‐Hermitian and one has different possible electron population analysis. We show how the electron probability current density can be directly constructed from the probability conservation equation and relate them to population operators. For the Löwdin population operator, we investigated the electron probability current density in protein electron transfer problem when the medium are described with nonorthogonal atomic basis set, and contrast it with Mulliken analysis. Analytical comparison among interatomic currents shows that others interatomic currents can be obtained as a combination of these interatomic currents provided by the nonorthogonal analysis. The overlapping atomic population analysis is obtained with nonorthogonal projectors and provides interatomic currents different of the previous results. In case of strong coupling between protein and donor/acceptor, the normalized interatomic current used recently to build a vectorial pathway model can depend on the surface in the protein medium between the donor and acceptor sites. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Theoretical evaluation of sensitivity and thermal stability for high explosives based on quantum chemistry methods: A brief review
Authors: Yan Qi‐Long , Zeman Svatopluk 
Published: June 2012

AbstractOver the past 20 years, a number of scientists have conducted numerous fundamental investigations based on quantum chemistry theory into various mechanistic processes that seems to contribute to the sensitivity of energetic materials. A large number of theoretical methods that have been used to predict their mechanical and spark sensitivity are summarized in this article, in which the advantages and disadvantages of these methods, together with their scope of use are clarified. In addition, the theoretical models for thermal stability of explosives are briefly introduced as a supplement. It has been concluded that the current ability to predict sensitivity is merely based on a series of empirical rules, such as simple oxygen balance, molecular properties, and the ratios of C and H to oxygen for different classes of explosive compounds. These are valid only for organic classes of explosives, though some special models have been proposed for inorganic explosives, such as azides. An exact standard for sensitivity should be established experimentally by some new techniques for both energetic compounds and their mixtures. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Focused ion beam–SIMS oxygen assay of the surface of titanium alloys prepared by the shot peening process
Authors: Thomas Meurig , Jackson Martin , Hutson George , Chater Richard J 
Published: June 2012

AbstractShot peening introduces subsurface residual compressive stresses in titanium alloys to depths of up to 500 µm. Although the microhardness method is established as a method for determining interstitial oxygen concentration gradients of such alloys, the near surface plastic deformation arising from shot peening is a source of measurement unreliability. An alternative method based on negative ion, focused ion beam–SIMS has been trialed for a shot peened Ti‐834 alloy thermally exposed for times and temperatures comparable with service conditions in the ‘hot‐end’ compressor stages of a modern gas‐turbine aero‐engine. Focused ion beam–SIMS measurements successfully measured enhanced oxygen ingress into the topmost 100 µm of the shot‐peened Ti‐834 after prolonged thermal exposure. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Storing Matter technique applied to polystyrene: a study of different methods to enhance Ag‐cationization
Authors: Becker N. , Wirtz T. , Migeon H.‐N. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe Storing Matter technique is derived from secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and consists in decoupling the sputtering of the specimen from the analysis step. In a dedicated prototype instrument, the sample surface is bombarded by an ion beam, and the sputtered particles are deposited at sub‐monolayer level onto a collector. In a second step, this deposit is analyzed by SIMS (static or dynamic). In this work, we applied the Storing Matter technique to different types of polystyrene (PS) samples: a layer of PS spin‐coated on a silicon wafer, the same sample covered with a thin Ag coating and a thin PS layer on an Ag substrate. These samples were sputter‐deposited onto Si and Ag collectors in the Storing Matter prototype instrument. These deposits as well as the initial PS‐based samples were analyzed by time‐of‐flight‐SIMS conditions in positive mode. We compared the intensities of Ag‐cationized oligomers for the different sample/collector combinations. The abundance and the intensities of Ag‐cationized PS fragments detected in a Storing Matter deposit depend more strongly on the collector material than on the sample configuration used for sputter‐deposition. For the deposits on Si collectors, almost no Ag‐cationized peaks were detected, although such species are present in the positive mass spectra recorded directly on the Ag‐containing PS samples. In the case of Ag collectors, Ag‐cationized adducts were detected up to m/z = 1500. It seems that their abundance is mainly determined by the sputtering efficiency of large fragments during the sputter‐deposition step. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship Between Early‐life Stress Load and Sleep in Psychiatric Outpatients: A Sleep Diary and Actigraphy Study
Authors: Schäfer Valérie , Bader Klaus 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate whether stress experienced early in life is associated with actigraphic and subjective sleep measures in a sample of adult psychiatric outpatients. A total of 48 psychiatric outpatients completed self‐report questionnaires assessing current depression, current anxiety symptoms and stress load during childhood (before the age of 13 years), adolescence (between the age of 13 and 18 years) and adulthood (between the age of 19 and current age). Sleep‐related activity was measured using 24‐h wrist actigraphy over a 7‐day period at home, during which participants also kept a sleep diary. High stress load in childhood, but not in adolescence, was associated with shortened actigraphically assessed total sleep time, prolonged sleep onset latency, decreased sleep efficiency and an increased number of body movements in sleep, even after accounting for the effects of later occurring stress and psychopathological symptoms such as depression and anxiety scores. Unexpectedly, no significant associations between early‐life stress load and subjective sleep measures were found. Results are consistent with findings from previous studies indicating an association between childhood adversities and higher levels of nocturnal activity. The findings suggest that high stress load during childhood might be a vulnerability factor for sleep continuity problems in adulthood. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.