bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional cerebral blood flow in late-life depression: arterial spin labelling magnetic resonance study
Authors: Colloby Sean J. , Firbank Michael J. , He Jiabao , Thomas Alan J. , Vasudev Akshya , Parry Steve W. , O'Brien John T. 
Published: December 2011

BackgroundA limited number of studies have demonstrated changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) in older individuals with depression, but there are considerable inconsistencies between studies.AimsTo investigate changes in CBF using arterial spin labelling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in people with late-life depression and in a similarly aged healthy control group.MethodSixty-eight participants (30 healthy individuals, 38 with depression) underwent ASL and T1-weighted MRI scanning. For each individual, regional estimates of separate grey and white matter CBF were obtained. Group differences in CBF and their associations with clinical features were examined.ResultsSignificant increases were observed in white matter CBF in patients with depression relative to the control group (F1,65 = 9.7, P = 0.003). Grey matter CBF in lateral frontal, medial frontal, cingulate, central and parietal regions did not significantly differ between groups (F1,65≤2.1, P≥0.2). A significant correlation was found between white matter CBF and Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scores in depression (r’ =–0.42, P = 0.03). Further analyses revealed that compared with controls, significant elevation of white matter CBF was apparent in participants whose depression was in remission (n = 21, MADRS≤10, P = 0.001) but not in those with current depression (n = 17, MADRS≥11, P = 0.80).ConclusionsFindings suggest a compensatory response to white matter pathological change or a response to (or a predictor of) successful antidepressant treatment, perhaps by facilitating neurotransmission in specific circuits and so reducing depressive symptoms.
Control of Isomerization of Pyridinethiol–Ruthenium Complexes via External Stimuli and Factors Affecting Isomerization Behavior
Authors: Hamaguchi Tomohiko , Inoue Yoshimasa , Ujimoto Kikujiro , Kawata Satoshi , Ando Isao 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Pyridinethiol–ruthenium complexes [Ru(bpy)2(py)(4-pySH)](PF6)2, [Ru(bpy)(tpy)(2-pySH)](PF6)2, and [Ru(bpy)(tpy)(4-pySH)](PF6)2 (4-pySH: 4-pyridinethiol, tpy: 2,2′:6′,6′′-terpyridine, and 2-pySH: 2-pyridinethiol) were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, elemental analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Spectral changes after the addition of acid or base by titration demonstrated that the complexes were reversibly protonated/deprotonated. Crystal-structure analysis of [Ru(bpy)(tpy)(2-pySH)](PF6)2 and XPS analysis of the complexes discussed in this study suggest that all pyridinethiol ligands coordinate in a monodentate fashion to Ru only via the sulfur atom. Regardless of the protonated or deprotonated form, the 4-pyridinethiol complexes exhibited one reversible redox couple that is attributed to RuIII/II–(4-pyridinethiol-κS or 4-pyridinethiolate-κS). The protonated form of the 2-pyridinethiol complex showed one reversible redox couple that is attributed to RuIII/II–(2-pyridinethiol-κS), whereas the deprotonated form showed irreversible redox behavior, implying linkage isomerization between RuII–(2-pyridinethiolate-κS) and RuIII–(2-pyridinethiolate-κN) through the redox reaction of RuIII/II. The reversible/irreversible redox behaviors were also confirmed by spectroelectrochemistry. Effects of ancillary ligands on this linkage isomerization are also discussed in this report.
Polymers in Ionic Liquids: Dawn of Neoteric Solvents and Innovative Materials
Authors: Ueki Takeshi , Watanabe Masayoshi 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
In this paper, we review recent advances in the use of polymers in ionic liquids (ILs) from the view point of the “dawn of neoteric solvents and innovative materials.” The first part of this paper presents a brief review of the solubility parameters of ILs, which are expected to serve as a qualitative guide for predicting polymer solubility in ILs; however, this concept cannot be used to rationalize a number of cases in which strong Coulombic interactions dominate the solubility parameters of the ILs. Thus, solubility of 24 different common synthetic polymers is experimentally demonstrated under dilute conditions (3 wt %) in four different common ILs. It is found that the Lewis basicities of the counter anions in the ILs play an important role in determining the solubility of the polymers. ILs can also be used as good solvents for low-solubility biopolymers and as good dispersion media of carbon nanotubes, which contributes to the fields of biorefinery processes and advanced materials. Certain combinations of polymers in ILs undergo phase separations as the temperature of the solutions is varied. The solubility of a nonionic polymer in water generally decreases with increasing temperature, and certain combinations exhibit lower critical solution temperature (LCST) phase separation, whereas the solubility of a polymer in an organic solvent generally increases with increasing temperature and in some cases upper critical solution temperature (UCST) phase separation is observed. Interestingly, both LCST and UCST phase separations are observed for certain polymers in ILs. After presenting possible explanations of the solubility of polymers in ILs, recent developments in the field of thermosensitive polymers in ILs are discussed from the perspective of materials science, where such phase separations are exploited to trigger abrupt changes in polymer properties. The final part of this review describes the thermosensitive self-assembly of block copolymers in ILs. Similar to conventional molecular solvents, block copolymers in ILs exhibit variable self-assemblies in solution and in the bulk.
Noncompetitive On-Chip Immunoassays for Detection of Nonlabeled Antibodies Based on the Excluded Volume Effect of the Target Itself
Authors: Tomizaki Kin-ya , Obi Masaki , Mihara Hisakazu 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
We propose a novel, noncompetitive, label-free, and on-chip immunoassay format based on the excluded volume effect by a target antibody that is itself bound to the corresponding epitope on a biochip. The advantage of the present method is that it only requires a biotin-tethering peptide epitope (capture agent) and fluorophore-labeled-avidin (a signal-generating agent) pair for signal readout. The method is based on the interaction between a nonlabeled target antibody and the corresponding peptide epitope of the antigen decelerating the association rate of the fluorophore-labeled avidin to the biotin moiety at the end of the peptide epitope due to the excluded volume effect of the target antibody. This causes significant changes in signal intensity. Without the target antibody, there is no interference in the binding of the signal-generating agent. The use of other specific interactions would allow fine-tuning of the excluded volume and binding rate to the capture agent to improve sensitivity and versatility.
Traditional and IS-Enabled Customer Acquisition on the Internet
Authors: Choi Jeonghye , Bell David R. , Lodish Leonard M. 
Published: December 2011

Geographic variation in consumer use of Internet retailers is partly explained by variation in offline shopping costs. Explanations for geographic variation in the efficacy of different customer acquisition methods including traditional methods of offline word-of-mouth (WOM) and magazine advertising and information systems (IS)-enabled methods of online WOM and online search remain unexplored. We estimate a multivariate negative binomial distribution (NBD) model on zip code–level customer counts from a leading Internet retailer and provide new insights into factors explaining geographic variation in the success of these methods. First, we show that target customer density explains geographic variation over and above the impact due to the number of potential customers. Moreover, the effect of density is greatest for offline and online WOM acquisitions; this suggests that density contributes to contagion, connectivity, and a hypothesized “social multiplier.” Second, when senders and recipients of WOM share consumption benefits, WOM is more powerful and compelling. We find that location-based convenience benefits have stronger effects on location-dependent offline WOM acquisitions than on location-independent online WOM acquisitions. Third, acquisition channels contribute differently to the total customer pool—offline WOM acquisitions are clustered, whereas magazine acquisitions are dispersed. Finally, separate click-to-conversion data from Coremetrics.com indicates that using the model-based predictions to target specific markets delivers a twofold improvement in actual click-to-order rates. This paper was accepted by Sandra Slaughter, information systems.
Kinetic Modeling of Storage Effects on Biomarkers Related to B Vitamin Status and One-Carbon Metabolism
Authors: Hustad Steinar , Eussen Simone , Midttun Øivind , Ulvik Arve , van de Kant Puck M , Mørkrid Lars , Gislefoss Randi , Ueland Per M 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Biomarkers and metabolites related to B vitamin function and one-carbon metabolism have been studied as predictors of chronic diseases in studies based on samples stored in biobanks. For most biomarkers, stability data are lacking or fragmentary.

METHODS
Degradation and accumulation kinetics of 32 biomarkers were determined at 23 °C in serum and plasma (EDTA, heparin, and citrate) collected from 16 individuals and stored for up to 8 days. In frozen serum (−25 °C), stability was studied cross-sectionally in 650 archival samples stored for up to 29 years. Concentration vs time curves were fitted to monoexponential, biexponential, linear, and nonlinear models.

RESULTS
For many biomarkers, stability was highest in EDTA plasma. Storage effects were similar at room temperature and at −25 °C; notable exceptions were methionine, which could be recovered as methionine sulfoxide, and cystathionine, which decreased in frozen samples. Cobalamin, betaine, dimethylglycine, sarcosine, total homocysteine, total cysteine, tryptophan, asymetric and symmetric dimethyl argenine, creatinine, and methylmalonic acid were essentially stable under all conditions. Most B vitamins (folate and vitamins B2 and B6) were unstable; choline increased markedly, and some amino acids also increased, particularly in serum. The kynurenines showed variable stability. For many biomarkers, degradation (folate and flavin mononucleotide) or accumulation (pyridoxal, riboflavin, choline, amino acids) kinetics at room temperature were non–first order.

CONCLUSIONS
Data on stability and deterioration kinetics for individual biomarkers are required to optimize procedures for handling serum and plasma, and for addressing preanalytical bias in epidemiological and clinical studies.
Identification of TPIT and other novel autoantigens in lymphocytic hypophysitis; immunoscreening of a pituitary cDNA library and development of immunoprecipitation assays
Authors: Smith Casey Jo Anne , Bensing Sophie , Burns Christine , Robinson Phillip J , Kasperlik-Zaluska Anna A , Scott Rodney J , Kämpe Olle , Crock Patricia A 
Published: December 2011

BackgroundLymphocytic hypophysitis is an organ-specific autoimmune disease of the pituitary gland. A specific and sensitive serological test currently does not exist to aid in the diagnosis.ObjectiveTo identify target autoantigens in lymphocytic hypophysitis and develop a diagnostic assay for these proteins.Design/methodsA pituitary cDNA expression library was immunoscreened using sera from four patients with lymphocytic hypophysitis. Relevant cDNA clones from screening, along with previously identified autoantigens pituitary gland-specific factor 1a and 2 (PGSF1a and PGSF2) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were tested in anin vitrotranscription and translation immunoprecipitation assay. The corticotroph-specific transcription factor, TPIT, was investigated separately as a candidate autoantigen.ResultsSignificantly positive autoantibody reactivity against TPIT was found in 9/86 hypophysitis patients vs 1/90 controls (P=0.018). The reactivity against TPIT was not specific for lymphocytic hypophysitis with autoantibodies detectable in the sera from patients with other autoimmune endocrine diseases. Autoantibodies were also detected against chromodomain-helicase-DNA binding protein 8, presynaptic cytomatrix protein (piccolo), Ca2+-dependent secretion activator, PGSF2 and NSE in serum samples from patients with lymphocytic hypophysitis, but at a frequency that did not differ from healthy controls. Importantly, 8/86 patients with lymphocytic hypophysitis had autoantibodies against any two autoantigens in comparison with 0/90 controls (P=0.0093).ConclusionsTPIT, a corticotroph-specific transcription factor, was identified as a target autoantigen in 10.5% of patients with lymphocytic hypophysitis. Further autoantigens related to vesicle processing were also identified as potential autoantigens with different immunoreactivity patterns in patients and controls.
Empirical Analyses of U.S. Congressional Voting on Recent FTA
Authors: Im Hyejoon , Sung Hankyoung 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
This paper addresses the manner in which political and economic factors affect the voting behavior of House representatives on free trade agreement (FTA) implementation bills in the 108th and 109th Congresses in the U.S., using a simultaneous probit-tobit model consisting of contribution and voting equations. We find that representatives whose districts have relatively higher employment in 'trade-sensitive’ sectors are likely to oppose FTA bills. By comparing our results with the reports of the U.S. International Trade Commission, we discover that the voting behavior of representatives is more receptive to the sectors predicted to be adversely affected by an FTA than to those predicted otherwise. Another finding is that when FTA bills, for which partner countries do not share commonalities, are considered on the same day in the House, members’ voting behavior may be similar.
Soluble Klotho and Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Pavik Ivana , Jaeger Philippe , Ebner Lena , Poster Diane , Krauer Fabienne , Kistler Andreas D. , Rentsch Katharina , Andreisek Gustav , Wagner Carsten A. , Devuyst Olivier , Wüthrich Rudolf P. , Schmid Christoph , Serra Andreas L. 
Published: December 2011

Summary

Background and objectives
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels are elevated in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), but only the latter is characterized by a renal phosphate wasting phenotype. This study explored potential mechanisms underlying resistance to FGF23 in ADPKD.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
FGF23 and Klotho levels were measured, and renal phosphate transport was evaluated by calculating the ratio of the maximum rate of tubular phosphate reabsorption to GFR (TmP/GFR) in 99 ADPKD patients, 32 CKD patients, 12 XLH patients, and 20 healthy volunteers. ADPKD and CKD patients were classified by estimated GFR (CKD stage 1, ≥90 ml/min per 1.73 m2; CKD stage 2, 60–89 ml/min per 1.73 m2).

Results
ADPKD patients had 50% higher FGF23 levels than did XLH patients; TmP/GFR was near normal in most ADPKD patients and very low in XLH patients. Serum Klotho levels were lowest in the ADPKD group, whereas the CKD and XLH groups and volunteers had similar levels. ADPKD patients with an apparent renal phosphate leak had two-fold higher Klotho levels than those without. Serum Klotho values correlated inversely with cyst volume and kidney growth.

Conclusions
Loss of Klotho might be a consequence of cyst growth and constrain the phosphaturic effect of FGF23 in most patients with ADPKD. Normal serum Klotho levels were associated with normal FGF23 biologic activity in all XLH patients and a minority of ADPKD patients. Loss of Klotho and FGF23 increase appear to exceed and precede the changes that can be explained by loss of GFR in patients with ADPKD.
Towards Interoperable Preservation Repositories: TIPR
Authors: Caplan Priscilla , Kehoe William R. , Pawletko Joseph 
Published: December 2011

Towards Interoperable Preservation Repositories (TIPR) is a project funded by the Institute of Museum and Library Services to create and test a Repository eXchange Package (RXP). The package will make it possible to transfer complex digital objects between dissimilar preservation repositories.Â For reasons of redundancy, succession planning and software migration, repositories must be able to exchange copies of archival information packages with each other. Every different repository application, however, describes and structures its archival packages differently. Therefore each system produces dissemination packages that are rarely understandable or usable as submission packages by other repositories. The RXP is an answer to that mismatch. Other solutions for transferring packages between repositories focus either on transfers between repositories of the same type, such as DSpace-to-DSpace transfers, or on processes that rely on central translation services.Â Rather than build translators between many dissimilar repository types, the TIPR project has defined a standards-based package of metadata files that can act as an intermediary information package, the RXP, a lingua franca all repositories can read and write.
Sixty-Five Years of Physical Therapy: Bibliometric Analysis of Research Publications From 1945 Through 2010
Authors: Wiles Louise , Matricciani Lisa , Williams Marie , Olds Timothy 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe generation of research can be likened to the production of consumer goods, with a producer (the study authors and funders), a product (the study and publications arising from it), and consumers (those who read and cite the published study).ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to use bibliometric indexes to track changes in the producers, products, and consumers of the journal Physical Therapy from 1945 through 2010.DesignAn analysis of published manuscripts (excluding letters, editorials, corrections, commentaries, and book reviews) in Physical Therapy was performed using a reliable bibliometric audit tool. Articles were sampled every 3 months and at 5-year intervals over a 65-year period. Information relating to authorship, the research methods used, and citation patterns was collected. Data were analyzed descriptively.ResultsThere have been substantial shifts in the nature of research published over the last 65 years in Physical Therapy. In 1945, the typical paper was anecdotal and authored by 1.4 American authors (working in hospitals), and consisted of 4 pages and 4 references. In 2010, the typical paper used a cross-sectional survey or randomized controlled trial design, with 4.6 multinational authors (working in universities), and consisted of 12 pages and 49 references.LimitationsFindings are specific to the articles published in Physical Therapy that were sampled in this bibliometric analysis.ConclusionsThe changes seen in the research published in Physical Therapy mirror the shifts that have occurred in other industries: increasing quantification, standardization, collaboration, and internationalization. These trends are likely to continue in the future.
The “suprasellar notch,” or the tuberculum sellae as seen from below: definition, features, and clinical implications from an endoscopic endonasal perspective
Authors: de Notaris Matteo , Solari Domenico , Cavallo Luigi M. , D'Enza Alfonso Iodice , Enseñat Joaquim , Berenguer Joan , Ferrer Enrique , Prats-Galino Alberto , Cappabianca Paolo 
Published: December 2011

Object
The tuberculum sellae is a bony elevation ridge that lines up the anterior aspect of the sella, dividing it from the chiasmatic groove. The recent use of the endoscopic endonasal transtuberculum approach has provided surgeons with a method to reach the suprasellar area, offering a new surgical point of view somehow “opposite” of this area. The authors of this study aimed to define the tuberculum sellae as seen from the endoscopic endonasal view while also providing CT-based systematic measurements to objectively detail the anatomical features of such a structure, which was renamed the “suprasellar notch.”

Methods
The authors analyzed routine skull CT scans from 24 patients with no brain pathology or fractures and measured the interoptic distance at the level of the limbus sphenoidale, the chiasmatic groove sulcal length and width, and the angle of the suprasellar notch.
Indeed, the suprasellar notch was defined as the angle between 2 lines, the first passing through the tuberculum sellae midpoint and perpendicular to the cribriform plate, and a second line passing between 2 points, the midpoints of the limbus sphenoidale and the tuberculum sellae. Moreover, the authors performed on 15 cadaveric heads an endoscopic endonasal transplanum transtuberculum approach with the aid of a neuronavigator to achieve a step-by-step comparison with the radiological data. The whole CT scanning set was statistically analyzed to determine the statistical interdependency of the suprasellar notch angle with the other 3 measurements, that is, the sulcal length at the midline, the interoptic distance at the optic canal entrance, and the interoptic distance at the limbus.

Results
Based on the endoscopic endonasal view and CT imaging analysis, the authors identified a certain anatomical variability and thus introduced a new classification of the suprasellar notch: Type I, angle < 118°; Type II, angle of 118°–138°; and Type III, angle > 138°. They then analyzed the surgical implications of the endoscopic endonasal approach to the suprasellar area, which could be affected by each of these structural types.

Conclusions
The new classification identifies 3 different types of suprasellar notch and, accordingly, their surgical relevance. Above all, the authors found that the different types of suprasellar notch can affect the osteodural defect reconstruction technique, namely the positioning/wedging of the buttress in the extradural space. A precise endoscopic anatomical knowledge of the neurovascular and bony relationships—especially in cases of a less pneumatized sphenoid sinus—is crucial when approaching the anterior skull base via a transtuberculum transplanum route.