bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastrointestinale Mikroökologie des Menschen und Candida: Gastrointestinal microecology of humans and Candida
Authors: Knoke Manfred 
Published: January 2011

Zusammenfassung. Die Mikroökologie untersucht die Beziehungen zwischen den Mikroorganismen und ihrer natürlichen Umwelt an definierten Standorten und ihre physiologischen und pathologischen Auswirkungen. Im Magen‐Darm‐Kanal des Menschen sind Candida‐Arten von Geburt an häufig, aber nicht immer nachweisbar. Er kann im Falle herabgesetzter Abwehrverhältnisse auch zur Quelle einer Infektion des Makroorganismus werden. Die bei Gesunden gefundene Häufigkeit des Candida‐Nachweises liegt abhängig vom Standort zwischen 23 und 76%, die Menge bei 102 bis 104 CFU/ml bzw. g. Am häufigsten gelingt der Nachweis in der Mundhöhle und in den Fäzes. Im Magen und Duodenum ist die unterschicdliche Säuretoleranz einzelner Candida spp. bedeutsam. Im Alter, bei verschiedenen Erkrankungcn sowie unter exogenen Einflüssen wie Ernährung, Streß und Medikamente kann es zu Änderungen im Auftreten von Candida spp. kommen. In einem endokrinen Streßmodell sahen wir im Duodenalsaft von 7 Probanden vor und nach Streß keine Hefen, jedoch in den Fäzes ihre eindeutige Abnahme. Die Stoffwechselprodukte von Candida spielen im Verhältnis zur Gesamtheit aller mikrobiellen Stoffwechselprozesse im Orointestinaltrakt des Menschen nur eine untergeordnete Rolle. Kolonisierende Stämme von C. albicans sind normalerweise in kleinen oder mäßigen Mengen vorhanden, und nur sie werden als Teil der residenten gastrointestinalen Mikroflora angesehen.Summary. Microecology looks for the relationships between microorganims and their natural environment in definite sites and their physiological and pathological effects. From birth Candida spp. are often but not always detectable in the human gastrointestinal tract. In cases of reduced defense the tract may be a source of infection to the macroorganism. In healthy subjects the incidence of Candida is between 23 % and 76% in quantities between 102 — 104 CFU/ml or g dependent on site. Evidence is most frequent in oral cavity and faeces. Tolerance for Candida spp. is different in the stomach and duodenum due to differences in acidity. Changes in the occurrence of Candida spp. are possible depending on age, different diseases and exogenous influences as nutrition, stress and drugs. In an endocrine stress model we found no yeasts in the duodenal juices of 7 subjects before and after stress situation, but a clear decrease of yeasts in the faeces. The formation of metabolic products by Candida is secondary to the whole of microbial fermentation in the human orointestinal tract. Colonizing strains of C. albicans are normally present in small or moderate numbers and only they are regarded as part of the resident gastrointestinal microflora.
Adhärenz von klinischen Candida‐albicans‐Isolaten an bukkalen Epithelzellen: Adherence of clinical Candida albicans isolates to buccal epithelial cells
Authors: Wellmer Andreas 
Published: January 2011

Zusammenfassung. Adhärenz an menschlichen Schleimhäuten und Dimorphismus werden als wesentliche Virulenzfaktoren von Candida albicans angesehen. Die Adhärenz ist Voraussetzung für Kolonisation und Invasion. Wir haben 11 klinische Isolate (darunter fünf Fälle mit Oesophagussoor) auf die Ausprägung dieser Merkmale hin untersucht und mit klinischen Daten korreliert. Die Adhärenz wurde an bukkalen Epithelzellen bestimmt. Kontinuierliche Kulturen von C. albicans wurden zur Quantifizierung der Keimschlauchbildung verwandt. Die Adhärenz war bei den Stämmen, die von klinisch, kulturell und serologisch definitiven Oesophagussoor‐Fällen gewonnen wurden, deutlich stärker ausgeprägt als bei Isolaten von Patienten mit starker Kolonisation ohne Zeichen der Candidose. Die Stämme mit stärkerer Adhärenz zeigten eine frühere und signifikant stärkere Keimschlauchbildung in der kontinuierlichen Kultur. C.‐albicans‐Stämme, die von Patienten mit Oesophagussoor isoliert wurden, zeigen damit eine stärkere Ausprägung der untersuchten Virulenzmarker. Eine gute Adhärenz ist sehr wahrscheinlich eine Voraussetzung für die Infektion der Oesophagusschleimhaut durch C. albicans. Das bevorzugte Vorkommen von C. albicans (über 90%) in klinischen Isolaten von Oesophagussoor unterstreicht diese Annahme.Summary. Mucosal adherence and germ tube formation are considered to be important virulence factors of C. albicans. Adherence is a precondition for colonisation and invasion. We investigated 11 clinical isolates (among them 5 cases recovered from oesophageal thrush) for quantification of the two characteristics and correlated the results with clinical data. Adherence was measured on buccal epithelial cells and the continuous flow culture was used for quantification of germ tube formation. Adherence of strains recovered from clinically, culturally and serologically confirmed oesophageal thrush adhered stronger to buccal epithelial cells than isolates from patients with heavy colonisation without signs of candidosis. Strains with stronger adherence showed a significantly faster and an increased germ tube formation in the continuous flow culture. Strains from oesophageal thrush therefore show a more marked expression of the investigated virulence factors. Therefore a good adherence is a necessity for infection of the oesophagus by C. albicans. The preferential isolation of C. albicans from oesophageal thrush (>90%) supports this assumption.
Disseminierte Candidose bei frühgeborenen Zwillingen: Disseminated candidosis in premature twins. Case report
Authors: Schwesinger Gunther 
Published: January 2011

Zusammenfassung. Es wird eine disseminierte Candidose bei einem weiblichen Frühgeborenen (Zwilling I) in der 2b. SSW vorgestellt. Alle Organe waren extrem mykotisch befallen, besonders die Nieren. Feingeweblich war sogar eine Manifestation in den Langerhansschen Inseln des Pankreas nachweisbar. Zwilling II erkrankte ebenfalls an einer Candidose und überlebte nach Therapie. Eine Candidose bei Zwillingen ist in der Literatur selten.Summary. A case of disseminated candidosis in a premature newborn twin I (26th weeks of pregnancy) is reported. A severe mycotic infection of the organs, especially the kidneys was present. Even Candida in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans cells could be demonstrated. Twin II also suffered a Candida infection but in contrast to twin I she survived after therapy. Candida infection of twins is rarely reported in the literature.
Recombinant human hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), but not rat HGF, elicits glomerular injury and albuminuria in normal rats via an immune complex‐dependent mechanism
Authors: Mizuno Shinya , Ikebuchi Fumie , Fukuta Kazuhiro , Kato Takashi , Matsumoto Kunio , Adachi Kiichi , Abe Tetsushi , Nakamura Toshikazu 
Published: January 2011

Summary1. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has the therapeutic potential to improve renal fibrosis and proteinuria in rodents with chronic kidney disease. In contrast, long‐term administration of human HGF to normal rats reportedly elicits proteinuria. Thus, the role of HGF during proteinuria remains contentious. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate that human HGF is antigenic to rodents and that immune complex formation causes proteinuria.2. We administered either human or rat HGF to normal rats for 28 days. Albuminuria was evaluated by sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The renal phenotypes of the two HGF treatments were examined using histological techniques.3. Administration of human HGF (1 mg/kg per day, i.v.) to rats led to severe albuminuria and glomerular hypertrophy in association with increased blood levels of anti‐human HGF IgG and IgG deposition in mesangial areas. Furthermore, an immune complex between human HGF and anti‐human HGF IgG stimulated the production of proteinuric cytokines (including transforming growth factor‐β) in rat cultured mesangial cells. In contrast, treatment of healthy rats with rat HGF for 4 weeks caused neither mesangial IgG deposition nor elevated anti‐HGF IgG in the blood. Overall, rat HGF did not provoke albuminuria.4. We conclude that human HGF produces pseudotoxic effects in normal rat kidneys via an immune complex‐mediated pathway, whereas syngenic HGF is safe due to less deposition of glomerular IgG. Our results affirm the safety of the repeated use of syngenic HGF for the treatment of chronic organ diseases, such as renal fibrosis and liver cirrhosis.
Healthy lifestyle behaviour in university students and influential factors in eastern Turkey
Authors: Hacıhasanoğlu Rabia , Yıldırım Arzu , Karakurt Papatya , Sağlam Rabia 
Published: January 2011

Hacıhasanoğlu R, Yıldırım A, Karakurt P, Sağlam R. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2011; 17: 43–51 Healthy lifestyle behaviour in university students and influential factors in eastern Turkey This research was carried out to determine the healthy lifestyle behaviour of university students receiving education in central Erzincan. The population of this descriptive and cross‐sectional research included a total of 4506 students receiving education at Erzincan University in the city centre, and the sampling included 981 students selected by a simple random sampling method from these schools. Data were collected between April and May 2008 by using an identification form and the Health Promotion Life‐Style Profile (HPLP) Scale. Healthy lifestyle behaviour point averages of students were detected to be at medium level (118.41 ± 20.90). It was established that student's grade, educational level of parents, economic status of the family and the student, the place where the student stays and smoking status of the student resulted in a significant difference in HPLP Scale total score average and the mean score of the majority of subscales.
Analysis of falls incidents: Nurse and patient preventive behaviours
Authors: Johnson Maree , George Ajesh , Tran Duong Thuy 
Published: January 2011

Johnson M, George A, Tran DT. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2011; 17: 60–66 Analysis of falls incidents: Nurse and patient preventive behaviours Nurses play an important role in preventing and managing falls in acute hospitals. We analysed 577 hospital falls incidents and found 77% unwitnessed and most resulted in no patient harm (85%). Further qualitative analysis of 40 incidents highlighted a high proportion of falls being related to transferring near the bed unit. Simple messages for nurses working in acute care settings are recommended including ‘high risk activity (transferring, mobilizing) and high risk area (bed unit, toilet/bathroom) is a high risk situation’. A balanced approach emphasizing patient and family education and the use of alarm devices where supervision is not available are suggested. Postfall management by nurses might be contributing to the low occurrence of injury reported in these findings and requires further research.
Evaluation of patient education provided by clinical nurses in Turkey
Authors: Avşar Gülçin , Kaşikçi Mağfiret 
Published: January 2011

Avşar G, Kaşikçi M. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2011; 17: 67–71 Evaluation of patient education provided by clinical nurses in Turkey The purpose of this study was to determine the practices of patient education provided by nurses in hospital clinics. The data were collected using a questionnaire form developed by the researcher in the light of relevant literature. The questionnaire form included questions to help determine descriptive characteristics of nurses and practices of patient education. Statistical analysis was performed using percentages. Most of the nurses (82.4%) did not define a certain place or time for patient education, almost all of the nurses (98.9%) did not record the education process, and patients' family/relatives were not included in the education (82.4%). The results of this study have shown that clinical nurses do not adequately implement the phases of patient education. During nursing education, nurses' knowledge and skills in patient education should be developed, and they should be made to fully internalize their educational role.
A descriptive qualitative review of the barriers relating to breast‐feeding counselling
Authors: Laanterä Sari , Pölkki Tarja , Pietilä Anna‐Maija 
Published: January 2011

Laanterä S, Pölkki T, Pietilä A‐M. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2011; 17: 72–84 A descriptive qualitative review of the barriers relating to breast‐feeding counselling The purpose of this review was to describe barriers in breast‐feeding counselling considering it from the viewpoint of health professionals. CINAHL, MEDLINE and Cochrane databases were searched from 1950 to 2008. In total, 40 scientific research articles in English, Swedish or Finnish related to breast‐feeding counselling were included and analysed using thematic analysis. The quality of the studies was also assessed. The main barriers were deficits in knowledge, resources, counselling skills and the counsellor's negative attitude. Conflicting advice, lack of guidelines, sufficiency of counselling and perceiving of the personal education needs were examples of the indicated barriers. The most commonly described barriers in breast‐feeding counselling were limitations in breast‐feeding knowledge. Developing of the measurements to assess the barriers in breast‐feeding counselling is needed.
Anxiety and quality of recovery in day surgery: A questionnaire study using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Quality of Recovery Score
Authors: McIntosh Susan , Adams John 
Published: January 2011

McIntosh S, Adams J. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2011; 17: 85–92 Anxiety and quality of recovery in day surgery: A questionnaire study using HADS and QoR40 The aims of this study were (i) to examine the association between preoperative and postoperative anxiety, and (ii) to examine the association between preoperative anxiety and postoperative recovery, following day surgery under general anaesthesia. Day surgery has become more commonplace owing to advances in pharmacology, anaesthetic and surgical techniques, as it has recognized benefits, such as lower costs and reduced incidence of infection. Recent years have seen increased complexity of day surgery undertaken on a broader range of patients, but with reduced pre‐surgery contact with the hospital environment. These recent service changes might have had an effect on the preparation of patients for day surgery, and this in turn might have affected their postoperative recovery. This pilot study used survey methods to examine potential associations between preoperative and postoperative anxiety, and between preoperative anxiety and postoperative recovery. Data were collected in 2008 from a convenience sample of 54 day surgery patients. The instruments used were the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Quality of Recovery Score (QoR‐40). There was a statistically significant relationship between preoperative and postoperative anxiety (χ2 = 11.899, d.f. = 1, P = 0.001). The T‐test showed a statistically significant difference in the mean scores for QoR‐40 score for gender, and for the postoperative anxiety and QoR‐40. A relationship between preoperative anxiety and postoperative recovery was not shown. Although challenging to implement in view of restricted timescales, appraisal and revision of pre‐assessment processes to incorporate an anxiety measurement tool, such as the HADS, should be considered.
Therapeutic effects of cytokine modulator Y‐40138 in the rat alcoholic liver disease model
Authors: Kawaratani Hideto , Tsujimoto Tatsuhiro , Kitazawa Toshiyuki , Yoshiji Hitoshi , Uemura Masahito , Fukui Hiroshi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), induce liver injury in the rat alcoholic liver disease (ALD) model. Y‐40138 is known to suppress the pro‐inflammatory cytokines and augment the anti‐inflammatory cytokines. We investigated whether or not Y‐40138 may be effective as a novel immunotherapy in the rat ALD model.Methods:  Male Wistar rats were fed Lieber‐DeCarli ethanol liquid diet. The effects of Y‐40138 treatment in the ALD models were assessed by analyzing the serum and the liver tissues.Results:  The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), TNF‐α, and IFN‐γ, and the liver levels of TNF‐α and IFN‐γ were significantly higher in the ethanol‐fed group than in the pair‐fed group. The immunohistochemistry of the liver TNF‐α and 4‐hydroxynonenal (4HNE), and the expressions of TNF‐α and IFN‐γ mRNA were increased, too. The gene expressions of interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) in the ethanol‐fed group were suppressed as compared with the pair‐fed group. The serum triglyceride (TG) and liver TG were increased, and Oil Red O and α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) staining showed greater expression by ethanol‐fed feeding. After administration of Y‐40138, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and real‐time polymerase chain reaction of the liver showed that the increased TNF‐α and IFN‐γ were suppressed, and that IL‐10 was augmented. Moreover, ethanol‐induced lipid accumulation in the liver was suppressed by administering Y‐40138.Conclusions:  Y‐40138 decreased the inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and lipid synthesis, and augmented the anti‐inflammatory cytokines of the liver. These results indicate that the multiple cytokine production modulator, Y‐40138, is a promising novel therapy for ALD.
Effect of ligustrazine on mice model of hepatic veno‐occlusive disease induced by Gynura segetum
Authors: Chen Zhe , Huo Ji‐Rong , Yang Li , Zhu Hong‐Yi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackground and Aim:  To investigate the therapeutic effect of ligustrazine on hepatic veno‐occlusive disease (HVOD) induced by Gynura segetum and the possible mechanism of it.Methods:  Female Kunming mice (115) were randomly divided into four groups, gavaged with 30 g/kg per day Gynura segetum (group A), 30 g/kg per day Gynura segetum + 100 mg/kg per day ligustrazine (group B), 30 g/kg per day Gynura segetum + 200 mg/kg per day ligustrazine (group C) or 30 mL/kg per day phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) (group D). Thirty days later, all of the mice were killed. Blood samples and livers were harvested. Histological changes were evaluated by light microscopy. Liver function was measured, and the expression of tissue factor (TF), early growth response factor‐1 (Egr‐1) and nuclear factor‐KBp65 (NF‐KBp65) were determined by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.Results:  A total of 24 mice in group A developed HVOD. Compared with the controls, they had increased liver ratio, serum total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), transaminase and decreased albumin (ALB) (P < 0.05). Administration of ligustrazine improved the clinical signs and biochemistry parameters in a dose‐dependent manner. Compared with group A, the expression of TF, Egr‐1 and NF‐KB p65 decreased in groups B and C (P < 0.05).Conclusion:  Ligustrazine has a therapeutic effect on HVOD, improving clinical manifestations and liver function. The possible mechanism may be that ligustrazine could reduce the expression of TF by downregulating the expression of transcription factors: Egr‐1 and NF‐KB p65.
Predictors of hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in cirrhotic patients: A systematic review
Authors: Bai Ming , Qi Xingshun , Yang Zhiping , Yin Zhanxin , Nie Yongzhan , Yuan Shanshan , Wu Kaichun , Han Guohong , Fan Daiming 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a very common complication in patients after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). The purpose of this study is to determine the most robust predictors of post‐TIPS HE by performing a systematic review of studies that identified the risk factors for patients with post‐TIPS HE.Methods:  A PUBMED search was performed using the predefined rule. Studies were selected for analysis based on certain inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were extracted from each study on the basis of predefined items. Meta‐analyses were executed to verify the relevant risk factors.Results:  Thirty studies were included in this systematic review. In the 30 studies, the numbers of variables evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses were 60 and 32, respectively. The numbers of variables found to be significant in univariate and multivariate analyses were 18 and 14, respectively. According to the accumulated number of studies that identified these variables as significant, the three most vigorous predictors of post‐TIPS HE were age, prior HE and Child–Pugh class/score in both univariate analysis and multivariate analysis. Our meta‐analysis showed that patients with HE before TIPS or higher Child–Pugh class/score had increased risk of post‐TIPS HE.Conclusions:  Increased age, prior HE and higher Child–Pugh class/score were the most robust predictors for post‐TIPS HE.
Histopathological Features and Their Association with Steroid Receptors in Women With Breast Cancer in Fukuoka, Japan
Authors: Horie Akio , Nomura Yasuo , Stemmermann Grant N. , Catts Anne , Fukunaga Frank H. , Shigematsu Takao , Hirohata Tomio , Nomura Abraham M.Y. 
Published: January 2011

In Fukuoka, Japan, infiltrating duct carcinoma predominated among 213 breast cancer cases, age 45 to 74. Lobular and medullary carcinomas were infrequent. About thirty three percent of the women had marked productive fibrosis, based on the UICC code type. Both rough margin and productive fibrosis of the cancer increased with age of the patients. On the contrary, most of accompanying hyperplastic lesions decreased with age. The difference was significant for cystic formation between 10‐year age groups of 45–54 and 55–64 (b.χ2 = 6.61, p<0.02).Hormone receptors of 115 of the cases were independently measured and characterized according to histologic patterns manifesting host reaction (stromal cell infiltration and lymph node histiocytosis). Positive estrogen receptors were more frequent among ductal carcinomas with slight or no cellular reaction than those with extensive cellular reaction. The same pattern was also present for progesterone and androgen receptors. The extent of sinus histiocytosis in lymph nodes without metastasis was also inversely correlated with the presence of these homone receptors. The correlation was significant for androgen receptor (b.χ2 = 5.31, p<0.05). Positive estrogen receptor was more common among ductal carcinomas with prominent fibrosis than among those with minimal fibrosis.
Disseminated Atypical Mycobacteriosis
Authors: Yamadori Ichiro , Motoi Makoto , Hayashi Kazuhiko , Tsutsumi Akira , Ogawa Katsuo , Doi Kenji , Hamaya Kazuo 
Published: January 2011

Two cases of disseminated infection caused by Mycobacterium intracellulare were reported and discussed.In the first case, the patient was a fifty‐seven‐year‐old male who complained of general fatigue, weight loss, and fever. Biopsy of the right inguinal lymph nodes and the liver revealed infiltration by histiocytes engulfing many acid‐fast bacilli. At autopsy an egg‐sized abscess was found is the region of the right Iliac lymph nodes. Histological examination showed histiocytic infiltration in the abscess wall, neighboring lymph nodes, liver, and spleen.In the second case, the patient was a four‐year‐old boy, who had persistent fever and splenomegaly. Splenectomy was performed and histological examination of the spleen revealed multiple nodular infiltration by swollen histiocytes with many acid‐fast bacilli in their cytoplasm. The bone marrow aspirates and liver tissue obtained in the necropsy also showed many histiocytes containing many acid‐fast bacilli.The authors emphasized the importance of paying special attention to atypical mycobacteriosis in feverish patients having lesions with a proliferation of histiocytes.