bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An integrated breeding technology for accelerating generation advancement and trait introgression in cotton
Authors: Wang XingFen , Wang YanXia , Zhang GuiYin , Ma ZhiYing 
Published: May 2011

With 2 figures and 4 tablesAbstractWe have developed an integrated breeding technology for cotton that can accelerate generation advancement to three or four times per year. This approach includes in vitro culturing of immature embryos into plantlets, which saves time because of no waiting for seed maturation. In addition to selection for kanamycin resistance and PCR identification of the gene of interest (here, insect resistance), we also incorporate methods such as plantlet grafting and growth regulation. In this way, embryos aged 20–30 days postanthesis can develop directly into plantlets in another 10–15 days. Here, kanamycin and PCR selection plantlets were grafted using a new and efficient technique called cotton joint graft, which can provide a reliable survival rate of 90–100%. Growth of the grafted plants was regulated for rapid development by adjusting the soil nutrients. We also treated the pedicels of hybridized or back‐crossed bolls with a mixture of naphthalene acetic acid and gibberellic acid to prevent shedding. Over the course of 1 year, we were able to produce three or four generations at intervals of about 90–120 days, i.e. from immature embryo culture through pollination and fecundation. Using this procedure, we transferred the Cry1Ac gene into three recurrent cultivars, ‘Han93‐2’, ‘Jimian20’ and ‘Nongda94‐7’. This was accomplished through four backcross generations and one cycle of selfing. BC4F2 progenies were obtained within 1.5 years, with each generation being completed between 89.0 and 117.3 days.
Evaluating the GAPS test as a screener for language impairment in young children
Authors: Nash Hannah , Leavett Ruth , Childs Helen 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackground: The early identification of children is one of five themes identified by the Bercow review of 2008. The review also notes that there is a wide range in the methods used to identify children and it goes on to recommend that there needs to be a more systematic approach. One such approach would be to screen children before, or shortly after, school entry. The GAPS test has been designed as a screening tool to identify young children with language impairment and is reported to be of value in identifying children with language difficulties. However, the test has previously only been evaluated by its authors and the sensitivity of the test for identifying children from an unselected sample has not been evaluated.Aims: This study evaluated the ability of the GAPS test to identify language‐impaired children in an unselected sample. In addition, the effect of tester status (a trained researcher and a teaching assistant) was investigated.Methods & Procedures: A total of 106 children aged 3–6 years completed the GAPS test, the Early Repetition Battery (ERB) and the core language scales from the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals—Preschool 2 with a trained researcher. Half the children completed the GAPS test a second time with a teaching assistant.Outcomes & Results: There was a significant effect of tester only for the non‐word repetition subtest of the GAPS test in the nursery age group; the teaching assistants awarded higher scores than trained researchers. Of the 106 children, ten were language impaired according to the CELF‐Preschool 2 core language score. The GAPS test identified two of these children at the 10th percentile cut‐off, resulting in a low sensitivity estimate of 20%. However, the GAPS test only identified four of the 96 remaining unimpaired children resulting in a high specificity value of 96%. These values were similar when the 15th percentile cut‐off was used and when parental concern or a family history of reading difficulties were used as the criterion measure.Conclusions & Implications: These data show that although the GAPS test can be used by a range of people who work with young children, it is not a sensitive screener for language impairment when used by trained researchers.
New Forms of Employee Involvement at European Level — The Case of the European Company (SE)
Authors: Keller Berndt , Werner Frank 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis article focuses on important but widely neglected problems of supranational employee involvement both at the level of information and consultation as well as at board level. It takes the most important pattern, the European Company (SE), and presents a systematic empirical analysis of its negotiated forms of worker representation and employee involvement. The questions addressed are: What do these new forms of collective voice and representation at the supranational level look like? What is the relevance of SEs for the development of an emerging system of European industrial relations in a broader perspective? Is the negotiated form of employee involvement likely to lead to new forms of harmonization and convergence or rather to heterogeneity and fragmentation?
Skills and Industrial Relations in Coordinated Market Economies — Continuing Vocational Training in Denmark, the Netherlands, Austria and Switzerland
Authors: Trampusch Christine , Eichenberger Pierre 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis article offers the first systematic study of the institutional and political conditions under which collective agreements finance and organize continuing vocational training (CVT). Combining Mill's methods of agreement and difference with pattern matching, it identifies proactive small and medium enterprises, proactive public policies, proactive trade unions, and links between CVT and wage bargaining as probable conditions for CVT by collective labour agreement. The most important finding is that the research on the development of political–economic institutions in coordinated market economies has to analyse more carefully how state activities and the behaviour of small and medium‐sized firms affect the coordination of economic activities in skills formation.
Labor Taxation and Foreign Direct Investment*
Authors: Egger Peter , Maria Radulescu Doina 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze the implications of the effective taxation of labor for profits and, hence, the decisions made by multinational enterprises concerning the location of their headquarters. If a higher employee‐borne tax burden reduces manager effort, it should also negatively affect firm profits and the location of the headquarters. We compile data on personal income tax profiles for 52 economies and the year 2002 at different moments of the distribution of gross wages. Our findings suggest that higher employee‐borne labor taxes are less conducive to the location of headquarters and foreign direct investment stocks in a given host economy.
Tournaments with Prize‐setting Agents*
Authors: Eriksen Kristoffer W. , Kvaløy Ola , Olsen Trond E. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn some tournaments, it is the contestants themselves who determine reward allocation. Union members bargain over wage distribution, and some firms allow self‐managed teams to freely determine internal resource allocation, incentive structure, and division of labor. We analyze, and test experimentally, a tournament where heterogeneous agents determine the spread between winner prize and loser prize. We investigate the relationship between prize spread, uncertainty, heterogeneity, and effort. We find that a large prize spread is associated with a low degree of uncertainty and a high degree of heterogeneity, and that heterogeneity triggers effort. By and large, our real‐effort experiment supports the theoretical predictions.
Pension Plan Funding, Technology Choice, and the Equity Risk Premium
Authors: Webb David C. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn this paper, the impact of Lazear contracts with defined‐benefit pensions on aggregate technology composition and the aggregate risk premium is examined. In the presence of capital market constraints affecting workers, defined‐benefit pensions bias the economy towards risk‐free production. Leveraging the risky technology relaxes the constraints and results in more risky production and a fall in the aggregate risk premium. This effect holds with risky debt and low pension shortfall risk but breaks down with high pension shortfall risk. A key prediction is that as Lazear contracts become less common, risky production will increase and the aggregate risk premium will fall.
Scripting sexual function: a qualitative investigation
Authors: Mitchell Kirstin R. , Wellings Kaye , Nazareth Irwin , King Michael , Mercer Catherine H. , Johnson Anne M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe biomedical model assumes universal agreement in what it means to have a functioning sex life. In reality there is significant variation in the criteria that individuals employ in assessing their sex lives. We use a scripting approach to understand the meaning of sexual function from a lay perspective. Based on the accounts of 32 individuals representing a range of sexual function experience, we identified three scripts employed by participants to describe their sexual experiences: the biomedical script emphasised genital function and physical release (orgasm), the relational script focused on relational aspects of encounters and valued emotional intimacy and security; and the erotic script focused on pleasure and valued novelty and excitement. Respondent accounts usually contained elements of more than one script, but often one of these was prominent. At the intra‐psychic level each script serves as a schema, comprising priorities, expectations and evaluative criteria. In the context of sex therapy, this scripting approach may help shed light on the sources of sexual difficulties. Our findings also challenge the current domination of the biomedical script in measuring, diagnosing and treating sexual dysfunction, since the construct does not adequately reflect the priorities of those who prioritise alternative scripts.
‘Filling one's days’: managing sick leave legitimacy in an online forum
Authors: Flinkfeldt Marie 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAn inherent part of the general understanding of illness is that it is incapacitating, making those who are ill unable to do things that they would normally do. Staying at home from work is a common consequence, and what `ill' people do while at home then becomes accountable. This article explores online discourse about the kinds of activities people engage in when on sick leave. It employs a discursive psychological framework for analysis, drawing heavily on conversation analysis. A Swedish internet forum thread on sick leave is examined, focusing on how the participants describe and account for the things they do when staying home from work due to illness. The analysis suggests that the participants’ accounts of their activities delicately manage the legitimacy of their sick leave. In examining how this is done in practice, the analysis makes visible the balancing act between being ill enough to stay home from work and well enough for other activities. In the context of recent debates in Sweden and elsewhere about the legitimacy of sick leave in different situations, the analysis of how legitimacy is actually negotiated is an important concern, making visible the moral work of being on sick leave.
Men, masculine identities and childbirth
Authors: Dolan Alan , Coe Christine 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn recent years, fathers’ experiences during childbirth have attracted much research and policy interest. However, little of this work has been grounded in the first‐hand accounts of men and there is a lack of theory‐based research to help understand men’s thoughts and practices around childbirth. This paper is based on qualitative research undertaken with first‐time fathers and healthcare professionals. It draws on Connell’s (1995) conceptualisation of hegemonic masculinity to explore how men construct masculine identities within the context of pregnancy and childbirth and also how healthcare professionals construct masculinity. The paper demonstrates the ways in which men can find themselves marginalised within the context of pregnancy and childbirth, but are still able to draw on identifiable markers of masculine practice which enable them to enact a masculine form congruent with dominant masculinity. It also illustrates how healthcare professionals’ constructions of masculinity enable them to predict how men will behave and allow them to position men in ways that involve minimum disruption to their own practice. The paper also highlights how men’s marginal status is embedded in the dynamics of the social structure, which produce and reproduce dominant masculine identities within the context of childbirth.
Actualized affinities: a nation's memories as accumulating artefacts and appropriating aesthetics from the times of reconstruction
Authors: LUKE TIMOTHY W. 
Published: May 2011

This paper re‐examines the aesthetics of presenting various historical artefacts, cultural documents, and ideological narratives at three museums in the United States of America: one tied to the African‐American experience, one to the Confederate States of America, and the last one to the Old West, namely the National Afro‐American Museum & Cultural Center in Wilberforce, Ohio; the Museum of the Confederacy in Richmond, Virginia; and the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. All three sites are clearly representative repositories and exhibits of ‘a nation's memories’. The paper asks how these fascinating exhibits activate, echo, or fabricate the myths that cast the Civil War and its aftermath during the Reconstruction as a ‘second founding’ of the USA in an ongoing nationalistic ‘singing of the nation’.RésuméL’article réexamine l’esthétique de présentation de différents artefacts historiques, documents culturels et récits idéologiques dans trois musées aux États‐Unis d’Amérique, l’un consacré au parcours des Afro‐américains, l’autre aux États Confédérés et le dernier au « Far West » : le National Afro‐American Museum & Cultural Center à Wilberforce, dans l’Ohio, le Museum of the Confederacy à Richmond, en Virginie et le National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum à Oklahoma City, dans l’Oklahoma. Ces trois lieux sont manifestement des dépôts et expositions représentatifs des « souvenirs d’une nation ». L’auteur se demande comment les fascinantes pièces exposées activent, réverbèrent ou fabriquent les mythes qui ont forgé l’image de la Guerre de sécession et la Reconstruction qui l’a suivie comme celle d’une « seconde fondation » des États‐Unis, dans un « hymne » nationaliste qui résonne encore aujourd’hui.
Being ‘rasikas’: the affective pleasures of music and dance spectatorship and nationhood in Indian middle‐class modernity
Authors: RAM KALPANA 
Published: May 2011

The long‐standing dominance of history in the adjudication of debates on postcolonialism and modernity in India has resulted in the relegation of the knowledge claims of ‘classical’ performance traditions and aesthetic concepts to the domain of the essentializing and the untrustworthy. This paper argues that performances of music and dance have preserved an understanding of tradition that is more dynamic and agential than that put forward by nationalist understandings of tradition, and that aesthetic conceptions continue to illuminate the values and efficacy of these practices in engaging the affects of spectators. The paper explores in particular the subject position of the rasika as offering a distinctive way of inhabiting the present. The class privilege implicit in being able to take up such an invitation is explored in the second part of the paper.RésuméLa longue domination de l’histoire dans l’orientation des débats sur le post‐colonialisme et la modernité en Inde a relégué les prétentions au statut de savoir des arts performatifs et des concepts esthétiques « classiques » au domaine des choses essentialisantes et peu fiables. Le présent article fait valoir que les performances de musique et de danse ont préservé une compréhension de la tradition plus dynamique et agentielle que celle mise en avant dans les interprétations nationalistes, et que les conceptions esthétiques continuent de mettre en lumière les valeurs et l’efficacité de ces pratiques en faisant appel aux affects des spectateurs. L’article explore en particulier la position de sujet du rasika comme une manière différente d’habiter le présent. Le privilège de classe, implicite dans la possibilité d’accepter une telle invitation, est exploré dans la deuxième partie de l’article.
Epistemo‐patrimony: speaking and owning in the Indian diaspora
Authors: PINNEY CHRISTOPHER 
Published: May 2011

Noting the relative absence of claims for the restitution of cultural heritage objects by diasporic Indians in North America and Europe, this paper explores the heated contestation over what might be called ‘epistemo‐patrimony’. This term describes the knowledge forms and enunciatory protocols through which India and Hinduism can be constituted as proper objects. Recent interventions by the Infinity Foundation are examined through analogy with the debate between John Searle and Jacques Derrida, and it is suggested that epistemo‐patrimony is the ground on which the nature and threat ofiterationare fought. The general lesson that emerges from this – namely that all discourses and practices around the nation endlessly confront the impossibility of repetitionwithoutdifference – is christenediter(n)ation.RésuméFace à l’absence relative de demandes de restitution des objets du patrimoine culturel par les Indiens de la diaspora d’Amérique du Nord et d’Europe, l’auteur analyse la vive contestation de ce que l’on pourrait appeler le « patrimoine épistémologique ». Ce terme désigne les formes de savoir et les protocoles d’énonciation qui confèrent à l’Inde et à l’hindouisme le statut d’objets. Les récentes interventions de l’Infinity Foundation sont examinées par analogie avec le débat entre John Searle et Jacques Derrida, et l’auteur suggère que le patrimoine épistémologique est le terrain sur lequel se jouent la nature et la menace de l’itération. L’enseignement général à en tirer, à savoir le fait que tous les discours et les pratiques concernant la nation se heurtent sans fin à l’impossibilité d’une répétitionsansdifférence, est baptiséiter(n)ation.
Validating the use of Anchoring Vignettes for the Correction of Response Scale Differences in Subjective Questions
Authors: van Soest Arthur , Delaney Liam , Harmon Colm , Kapteyn Arie , Smith James P. 
Published: May 2011

SummaryComparing self-assessed indicators of subjective outcomes (such as health, or job satisfaction) across countries or socio-economic groups is often hampered by the fact that different groups use different response scales. Anchoring vignettes are used as a tool to identify and correct for such differences. The paper develops a model in which objective measurements are used to validate such vignette-based corrections. The model is illustrated with an application to objective and subjective self-assessments of drinking behaviour by students in the Republic of Ireland. Model comparisons using the Akaike information criterion favour a specification with response consistency and vignette-corrected response scales. Put differently, vignette-based corrections appear quite effective in bringing objective and subjective measures closer together.
Design of the 2001 and 2011 Census Coverage Surveys for England and Wales
Authors: Brown James , Abbott Owen , Smith Paul A. 
Published: May 2011

SummaryIn many countries, a key component of measuring census coverage is a post-enumeration survey. In the 2001 censuses of the UK this was called the Census Coverage Survey. The paper reviews the design of the 2001 Census Coverage Survey and develops the design for the survey in 2011, taking advantage of the experience of 2001 and the data that were generated by the 2001 process. This leads to a proposed design that is less clustered than in 2001 and has an allocation that is more skewed towards areas where coverage in the 2011 census is expected to be lowest. The updated design balances optimal allocation against maintaining a sufficient sample across all areas.
LOVE, RESPECT, AND INTERFERING WITH OTHERS
Authors: SEYMOUR FAHMY MELISSA 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe fact that Kantian beneficence is constrained by Kantian respect appears to seriously restrict the Kantian's moral response to agents who have embraced self‐destructive ends. In this paper I defend the Kantian duties of love and respect by arguing that Kantians can recognize attempts to get an agent to change her ends as a legitimate form of beneficence. My argument depends on two key premises. First, that rational nature is not identical to the capacity to set ends, and second, that an agent's conception of her happiness is not identical to the satisfaction of her ends.
IS GOVERNMENT SUPEREROGATION POSSIBLE?
Authors: WEINBERG JUSTIN 
Published: May 2011

AbstractGovernments are subject to the requirements of justice, yet often seem to go above and beyond what justice requires in order to act in ways many people think are good. These kinds of acts – examples of which include putting on celebrations, providing grants to poets, and preserving historic architecture – appear to be acts of government supererogation. In this paper, I argue that a common view about the relationship between government, coercion, and justice implies that most such acts are not supererogatory, but wrong. Many will find that conclusion unattractive, but rejecting the common view that implies it raises problems, too.
DESCARTES' COMPOSITIONAL THEORY OF MENTAL REPRESENTATION
Authors: LANDY DAVID 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn his, ‘Descartes' Ontology of Thought’, Alan Nelson presents, on Descartes' behalf, a compositional theory of mental representation according to which the content of any mental representation is either simple or is entirely constituted by a combination of innate simples. Here the simples are our ideas of God, thought, extension, and union. My objection will be that it is simply ludicrous to think that any four simples are adequate to the task of combining to constitute all of human thought, and that the simples God, thought, extension, and union are particularly ill suited to it.
CAUSATION AND THE CANBERRA PLAN
Authors: LIEBESMAN DAVID 
Published: May 2011

AbstractDavid Lewis has a general recipe for analysis: the Canberra Plan. His analyses of mind, color, and value all proceed according to the plan. What is curious is that his analysis of causation – one of his seminal analyses – doesn't. It doesn't and according to Lewis it can't. Lewis has two objections against using the Canberra Plan to analyze causation. After presenting Lewis' objections I argue that they both fail. I then draw some lessons from their failure.
STOIC DISAGREEMENT AND BELIEF RETENTION
Authors: RIEPPEL MICHAEL 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPropositions are generally thought to have a truth‐value only relative to some parameter or sequence of parameters. Many apparently straightforward notions, like what it is to disagree or retain a belief, become harder to explain once propositional truth is thus relativized. An account of disagreement within a framework involving such ‘stoic’ propositions is here presented. Some resources developed in that account are then used to respond to the eternalist charge that temporalist propositions can't function as belief contents because they don't allow us to make adequate sense of what belief retention amounts to.