bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The method of fundamental solution for the creeping flow around a sphere close to a membrane
Authors: Debbech A. , Elasmi L. , Feuillebois F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe method of fundamental solution is used to calculate the creeping flow around a spherical solid particle close to a porous membrane. The equations for the flow in the porous medium and conditions at the interface are satisfied automatically with the use of a Green function calculated by Elasmi and Feuillebois [11]. Singularities, i.e. the Green function and some of its derivatives, are distributed inside the particle and their positions and intensities are optimized by minimizing the difference between the approximate velocity and the exact one on the particle surface in the sense of least squares. It is proved that this procedure also minimizes the dissipated energy of the error velocity, that is of the difference between the approximation and the exact value. For the example cases treated here of a sphere moving normal to a wall, the singularities are stokeslets and stokeslet quadrupoles (or source doublets). In the particular case of an impermeable wall, the method is the same as that of Zhou and Pozrikidis [19]. Their results are recovered and extended to a higher number of singularities. The method is then applied to the case of a solid sphere moving normal to a thin porous slab. By comparison with results obtained by Elasmi and Feuillebois [11] with the boundary integral method, it is found that a good approximation is obtained here with only a few singularities. A comparison is also made with Goren [13] who treated analytically a related problem in the case of a low porosity.
Giant Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Pleura: An Analysis of Five Patients
Authors: Guo Juntang , Chu Xiangyang , Sun Yu‐e , Zhang Lianbin , Zhou Naikang 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundSolitary fibrous tumor of the pleura (SFTP) represents a clinical entity rarely encountered, especially in giant forms. Complete surgical resection for giant tumor of pleura is a challenge. The aim of this article is to present five new cases of giant SFTP, and to discuss their clinical characteristics and the treatment strategy of such neoplasms.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of the clinical records of five patients who underwent surgery for a huge SFTP (>18 cm in diameter) between 2007 and 2009.ResultsFour patients were symptomatic. All five patients underwent angiography and embolization of the tumor‐supplying vessels within 24 h of surgery. All giant tumors were removed completely by extended postlateral thoracotomy with moderate intraoperative bleeding. Two wedge resections and one lobectomy were performed in three cases where the parenchyma had been encroached. Tumors in three patients were pathologically benign; those in the other two were malignant. The symptoms disappeared in all cases after surgery.ConclusionsComplete resection remains the mainstay of cure for giant SFTP. We recommend preoperative angiography and embolization for giant SFTP which can reduce the risk of hemorrhage and can contribute to piecemeal removal for radical excision.
Cobalamin C defect: natural history, pathophysiology, and treatment
Authors: Martinelli Diego , Deodato Federica , Dionisi‐Vici Carlo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCobalamin C (Cbl‐C) defect is the most common inborn cobalamin metabolism error; it causes impaired conversion of dietary vitamin B12 into its two metabolically active forms, methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin. Cbl‐C defect causes the accumulation of methylmalonic acid and homocysteine and decreased methionine synthesis. The gene responsible for the Cbl‐C defect has been recently identified, and more than 40 mutations have been reported. MMACHC gene is located on chromosome 1p and catalyzes the reductive decyanation of CNCbl. Cbl‐C patients present with a heterogeneous clinical picture and, based on their age at onset, can be categorized into two distinct clinical forms. Early‐onset patients, presenting symptoms within the first year, show a multisystem disease with severe neurological, ocular, haematological, renal, gastrointestinal, cardiac, and pulmonary manifestations. Late‐onset patients present a milder clinical phenotype with acute or slowly progressive neurological symptoms and behavioral disturbances. To improve clinical course and metabolic abnormalities, treatment of Cbl‐C defect usually consists of a combined approach that utilizes vitamin B12 to increase intracellular cobalamin and to maximize deficient enzyme activities, betaine to provide a substrate for the conversion of homocysteine into methionine through betaine‐homocysteine methyltransferase, and folic acid to enhance remethylation pathway. No proven efficacy has been demonstrated for carnitine and dietary protein restriction. Despite these measures, the long‐term follow‐up is unsatisfactory especially in patients with early onset, with frequent progression of neurological and ocular impairment. The unfavorable outcome suggests that better understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease is needed to improve treatment protocols and to develop new therapeutic approaches.
A metacommmunity approach to co‐occurrence patterns and the core‐satellite hypothesis in a community of tropical arboreal ants
Authors: Livingston George F. , Philpott Stacy M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractInferring mechanisms of community assembly from co‐occurrence patterns is difficult in systems where assembly processes occur at multiple spatial scales and among species with heterogeneous dispersal abilities. Here, we demonstrate that local scale analysis of co‐occurrence patterns is inadequate to fully describe assembly mechanisms and instead utilize a metacommunity and core‐satellite approach. We generated a co‐occurrence and life‐history data set for a community of twig‐nesting ants on coffee plants across 36 sites within a tropical agroecosystem to test the following three hypotheses: (1) twig‐nesting ant species compete for nest‐sites, (2) they are structured as a metacommunity, and (3) core species show segregated patterns, while satellite species show random patterns of co‐occurrence. Species were divided into four groups: core species that are well distributed regionally and dominant locally, regional dominants that are well distributed regionally but do not dominate locally, local dominants that are dominant locally but are not widely distributed, and satellites that are neither widely distributed nor dominant locally. Only the most abundant species in the community, Pseudomyrmex simplex, was classified as a core species. Regional dominants, local dominants, and satellite species show random patterns of co‐occurrence. However, when P. simplex is included in the co‐occurrence matrix, patterns become aggregated for all three species groupings. This suggests that P. simplex “assembles” the community by providing a core metapopulation that other species track. Analyzing co‐occurrence patterns among candidate subsets of species, at multiple spatial scales, and linking them to species traits substantially improves the explanatory power of co‐occurrence analyses in complex metacommunities.
Individual, familial, friends‐related and contextual predictors of early sexual intercourse
Authors: Boislard P. Marie‐Aude , Poulin François 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThis study examined the unique and simultaneous contribution of adolescents’ characteristics, parent–child relationship and friends’ characteristics on early sexual intercourse, while accounting for family status. A longitudinal multi‐sample design was used. The first sample was recruited in a suburban context (n = 265; 62% girls) and the second sample in an urban setting (n = 136; 61% girls). All predictors were measured in Grade 8 and age at first intercourse was assessed yearly for three years. Being in a non‐intact family, low parental control, high antisocial behaviors, low self‐disclosure, high proportion of other‐sex friends and high substance use were associated with earlier sexual intercourse. When all predictors were considered simultaneously, more antisocial behaviors, high proportion of other‐sex friends and non‐intact family structure significantly discriminated youth reporting first intercourse at age 13 or less from those who reported first intercourse at age 14, at age 15, or were virgins at age 16 among both samples.
Neural network applications in consumer behavior
Authors: Briesch Richard , Rajagopal Priyali 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article introduces the concepts and terminology of artificial neural networks. The approach is demonstrated on data that represent a domain of interest to the consumer psychologist. ANNs are mathematical models that are commonly used in business applications to model relationships between variables. A key strength of ANNs is their flexibility, i.e. their ability to easily accommodate linear and non‐linear relationships without anya priorifunctional form specification. They can easily be used to study topics of interest to consumer psychologists such as persuasion, influence, segmentation etc and can offer distinct advantages over traditional statistical techniques such as ANOVA and regression. We demonstrate the application of ANNs in three different areas: regression, non‐linear principal component analysis and classification.
Regulation of expression and activity of selenoenzymes by different forms and concentrations of selenium in primary cultured chicken hepatocytes
Authors: Wu Xianshi , Wei Chengwu , Pan Cuiling , Duan Ying , Huang Kehe 
Published: July 2010

The expression and activity of selenoenzymes are regulated by Se. In the present study, the effects of different forms and concentrations of Se on the regulation of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and phospholipid hydroperoxide GPx (GPx4) and type I deiodinase (D1) mRNA levels in chicken hepatocytes were evaluated. Primary cultured chicken hepatocyte monolayers derived from male White Leghorn chickens (aged 30–40 d) were incubated for 24 h with 0 (control), 0·5, 1, 1·5, 2, 3, 4 or 5 μmol/l of Se supplied asdl-selenomethionine (Se-Met), κ-selenocarrageenan (Se-Car) or sodium selenite (Na2SeO3). Compared with the control, Se significantly increased GPx activity in all the hepatocytes, but the activity was not increased in the hepatocytes treated with 5 μmol/l of Na2SeO3, with maximal effects being observed at 2 μmol/l of Se-Met or Se-Car and at 1·5 μmol/l of Na2SeO3, respectively. Significant decreases in GPx4 mRNA levels were observed in all the hepatocytes treated with Se (v.control). The D1 mRNA levels were significantly increased in all the groups treated with Se (v.control), with maximal effects being observed at 1·5 μmol/l of Se-Met and at 0·5 μmol/l of Se-Car or Na2SeO3, respectively. Se-Met at doses of 1·5–5 μmol/l had a greater effect on D1 mRNA than Se-Car and Na2SeO3at equivalent doses. After resulting in a maximal effect, higher Se supplementation led to a dose-dependent reduction in GPx activity and D1 mRNA levels in all the hepatocytes treated with Se. These results suggest that in chicken hepatocytes, the regulations of GPx and D1 by different forms and concentrations of Se vary.
Age, growth and reproduction of the axillary seabream, Pagellus acarne, in the Atlantic and Mediterranean waters off southern Spain
Authors: Velasco E.M. , Jiménez-Tenorio N. , Del Arbol J. , Bruzón M.A. , Baro J. , Sobrino I. 
Published: July 2010

The biology, growth and reproduction of the axillary seabream, Pagellus acarne, was studied based on data obtained from the catches of the Andalusia commercial fleet operating off the coasts of southern Spain from October 2003 to September 2004. The axillary seabream had a very wide depth distribution, appearing from the surface down to 500 m depth. The length–weight relationship was given by TW = 0.0048 TL3.3207 (R2 = 0.98) (TW = total weight; TL = total length) for all fish from the Gulf of Cadiz and TW = 0.0093 TL3.1132 (R2 = 0.94) for all fish from the Alboran Sea. The proportion of females to males increases as length increases in both populations and the species is characterized by protandric hermaphroditism. Spawning males were present almost throughout the year although higher percentages were observed in spring and early summer. In females, the spawning period occurred mainly in spring. In both areas, the mean size at first maturity for males was smaller than for females. The mean lengths at first maturity were 18.04 cm for males and 21.7 cm for females from the Gulf of Cadiz, and 17.7 cm and 20.1 cm for males and females from the Alboran Sea, respectively. The average total fecundity was estimated at 290,070 and 173,509 oocytes for Atlantic and Mediterranean individuals, respectively. The parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth model were estimated by age readings of the 247 sagitta collected. Two rings, one opaque and one hyaline, were laid down each year on the otoliths. The opaque zone was formed during spring and summer and the hyaline one during the remaining months of the year. The relationship between otolith radius and total length of the fish was described by the equation: TL = 27.7 OR – 1.8 (r = 0.96) (where OR = otolith radius). The parameters of the fitted Von Bertalanffy growth equation were L∞ = 31.65 cm, k = 0.21 yr−1 in the Gulf of Cadiz and L∞ = 32.14 cm, k = 0.17 yr−1 in the Alboran Sea.
Neighbour density, body size and anti-predator hiding time in the New Zealand mud-crabAustrohelice crassa
Authors: Guerra-Bobo M. , Brough T.E. 
Published: July 2010

Many preys retreat into a refuge as a response to the presence of a predator, a behavioural strategy which guarantees safety but is also costly due to a trade-off between hiding time and time spent in other essential activities. The balance between costs and benefits of hiding, which are influenced by different factors, determine the hiding duration. In a field experiment, the anti-predator behaviour of the mud crabAustrohelice crassawas studied to assess the effects of two factors, body size and neighbour density, on the time spent hiding in burrows following a predator threat. Hiding times, body size (estimated from burrow diameter) and neighbour density (number of other burrows within a 30 cm radius) were measured for 158 individual crabs during a snorkelling survey. Regression analyses showed that hiding time of individual crabs significantly increased with increasing body size, and decreased with increasing neighbour density. These trends are the result of three main selective pressures: size-biased predation risk, dilution of predation in dense clusters of burrows, and more intense competition in dense clusters. Variation among individual crabs probably reflects differences in the balance between costs and benefits for crabs differing in body size and neighbour density.
The benthos and fish of offshore sandbank habitats in the southern North Sea
Authors: Ellis J.R. , Maxwell T. , Schratzberger M. , Rogers S.I. 
Published: July 2010

Meiofauna, macro-infauna and epifauna were sampled at two offshore sandbanks in the southern North Sea in 2006. The epifaunal and infaunal communities in the dynamic environment of the sandbank crests were species poor, with lesser weever, solenette,Crangon crangon, amphipods and deposit-feeding polychaetes the predominant benthic taxa. Abundant early life-history stages (24–39 mm) of the lesser weeverEchiichthys viperaon the sandbank crests indicated that these habitats may be important nursery grounds for this species. Species diversity of infauna and epifauna was greater in the deeper waters parallel to the sandbanks. Contrasting patterns were evident for meiofaunal nematodes, where communities collected on the sandbank crests were more diverse than those recorded in the deeper off-bank sites. The fauna of sandbank crests is composed of a restricted range of the fauna typically associated with sandy habitats, particularly taxa adapted to live in this dynamic environment.
The security dilemma and ethnic conflict: toward a dynamic and integrative theory of ethnic conflict
Authors: TANG SHIPING 
Published: July 2010

AbstractI critically examine the existing literature on the security dilemma in ethnic conflict, thus laying part of the foundation for constructing a dynamic and integrative theory of ethnic conflict. I show that many attempts to apply the security dilemma to the understanding of ethnic conflict have been based on an imprecise and often mistaken understanding of the concept. I then emphasise that the security dilemma theory and the broader spiral model constitute a dynamic, versatile and powerful theory of strategic interaction that captures some general dynamics leading to the outbreak of war. As such, the security dilemma theory and the broader spiral model, when properly understood, can serve as part of the foundation of a dynamic and integrative theory of ethnic conflict, and such a theory will be able to integrate many diverse understandings of ethnic conflict from different schools of International Relations (IR) theory. I show the feasibility and the utility of such a theory.
Right hemisphere infarct patients and healthy controls: Evaluation of starting points in cancellation tasks
Authors: NURMI LAURA , KETTUNEN JANI , LAIHOSALO MARI , RUUSKANEN EIJA-INKERI , KOIVISTO ANNA-MAIJA , JEHKONEN MERVI 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPatients with visual neglect (VN) tend to start cancellation tasks from the right. This exceptional initial rightward bias is also seen in some right hemisphere (RH) stroke patients who do not meet the criteria of VN in conventional tests. The present study compared RH infarct patients’ (examined on average 4 days post-stroke) and healthy controls’ starting points (SPs) in three cancellation tasks of the Behavioural Inattention Test (BIT). Furthermore, task-specific guideline values were defined for a normal SP to differentiate the performance of healthy subjects from that of patients with subclinical inattention. Conventional tests indicated that 15 of the 70 RH infarct patients had VN. The control group comprised 44 healthy volunteers. In each task, the VN group started the cancellations mainly from the right. The non-neglect and healthy groups initiated most cancellations from the left, more so in the healthy group. Starting more than one BIT task outside the guideline value indicated pathological inattention, as this was typical among the VN patients, but exceptional among the healthy subjects. One-third of the non-neglect patients showed pathological inattention by starting more than one task outside the guideline value. Clinical assessment of VN should, therefore, include an evaluation of the SPs to detect this subtle form of neglect. (JINS, 2010,16, 902–909.)
Meat consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: the Multiethnic Cohort
Authors: Steinbrecher A , Erber E , Grandinetti A , Kolonel LN , Maskarinec G 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association of meat consumption with diabetes risk in the Hawaii component of the Multiethnic Cohort and to assess effect modification by ethnicity.DesignA prospective cohort study. Baseline information on diet and lifestyle was assessed by questionnaire. The cohort was followed up for incident cases of diabetes, which were identified through self-reports, medication questionnaires, or health plan linkages. Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % confidence intervals for diabetes associated with quintile of meat consumption.SettingHawaii, USA.SubjectsA total of 29 759 Caucasian, 35 244 Japanese-American and 10 509 Native Hawaiian men and women, aged 45–75 years at baseline.ResultsDuring a mean follow-up time of 14 years, 8587 incident diabetes cases were identified. Intake of red meat was positively associated with diabetes risk in men (fifth v. first quintile: HR = 1·43; 95 % CI 1·29, 1·59) and women (fifth v. first quintile: HR = 1·30; 95 % CI 1·17, 1·45) in adjusted models. The respective HR for processed red meat intake were 1·57 (95 % CI 1·42, 1·75) and 1·45 (95 % CI 1·30, 1·62). The association for processed poultry was weaker than for processed red meat, and fresh poultry intake was not associated with diabetes risk. For men only, we observed significant interactions of ethnicity with the red and processed red meat associations, with Caucasians experiencing slightly higher risks than Japanese-Americans.ConclusionsOur findings support the growing evidence that red and processed meat intake increase risk for diabetes irrespective of ethnicity and level of BMI.
Inhibition of GSK3β enhances both adhesive and signalling activities of β‐catenin in mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Sineva Galina S. , Pospelov Valery A. 
Published: July 2010

Background. GSK3β (glycogen synthase kinase 3β) regulates the expression level and activity of various target proteins, including β‐catenin. β‐Catenin is a co‐activator of Wnt‐dependent genes as well as a partner for transmembrane cadherins to mediate cell‐to‐cell adhesion. In some cases, inhibition of GSK3β activity was shown to promote self‐renewal of ESCs (embryonic stem cells), but immediate effects of GSK3β inhibitors in these cells still remain elusive.Results. Here, we address the effects of GSK3β inhibitors BIO (6‐bromoindirubin‐3′‐oxime) and CHIR99021 on mESCs (mouse ESCs), focusing on modulation of β‐catenin activities. We found that, upon GSK3β inhibition, the colonies of undifferentiated mESCs acquire a more compact morphology. This change is paralleled by two somewhat polar effects: (i) the accumulation of the β‐catenin, which is co‐localized with E‐cadherin at the plasma membrane, and the cytoplasmic, tyrosine unphosphorylated β‐catenin, which is able to bind the GST (glutathione transferase)‐fused cytoplasmic domain of E‐cadherin; and (ii) the accumulation of the tyrosine phosphorylated β‐catenin and its nuclear translocation that is accompanied by activation of the Tcf (T‐cell factor)/β‐catenin‐dependent transcription of Top‐Flash reporter. The Tcf‐mediated activation, however, does not affect most of the analysed Wnt‐responsive genes involved in EMT (epithelial—mesenchymal transition) or cell‐cycle progression, suggesting that the adhesive function of β‐catenin is dominant over transcription in undifferentiated mESCs. Treatment with BIO decreases proliferation rates of mESCs. This is not due to apoptosis, but rather to accumulation of cells in G1 phase of the cell cycle and is accompanied by down‐regulation of the c‐myc mRNA content.Conclusion. Our results suggest that inhibition of GSK3β activity in mESCs enhances both the β‐catenin/E‐cadherin‐mediated adhesion and the Tcf/β‐catenin‐dependent transcription, but does not activate transcription in most of the examined genes involved in EMT and cell cycle progression.