bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolated Tears of the Gracilis Muscle
Authors: Pedret Carles , Balius Ramon , Barceló Pablo , Miguel Maribel , Lluís Anna , Valle Xavier , Gougoulias Nikolaos , Malliaropoulos Nikolaos , Maffulli Nicola 
Published: February 2011

Background: Although posterior thigh muscle strains are common in athletes, there are no reports regarding isolated gracilis muscle injuries. The authors present a case series of 7 elite athletes with isolated gracilis muscle ruptures. Purpose: To present the injury pattern, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and outcome of gracilis muscle ruptures. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: This is a retrospective review of 7 elite athletes with posterior thigh pain (3 dancers, 2 soccer players, 1 tae kwon do player, 1 tennis player). In all athletes, the injury occurred during thigh adduction with the hip internally rotated, as clearly evident at ultrasound scans performed 1 to 20 days after the injury. Management included an initial rest period, followed by physiotherapy and gradual return to sports activities. Results: According to the ultrasound scans, the lesions were in the proximal-middle third junction of the thigh, at the muscle-tendon junction. The lesions were classified as grade 2 (partial discontinuity). The muscle injury area was, on average, 17.1 × 23.7 mm (range, 10-31 × 9-46 mm). The average length of the lesions was 40.14 mm (range, 20-52 mm). All athletes recovered and returned to full performance within 6 weeks of the injury (average, 35.6 days). Conclusion: Medial thigh pain after eccentric contraction during hip adduction should raise suspicion of a gracilis muscle tear. Ultrasound is useful, and full recovery occurs within 6 weeks from the injury.
Effect of Femoral Socket Position on Graft Impingement After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Maak Travis G. , Bedi Asheesh , Raphael Bradley S. , Citak Musa , Suero Eduardo M. , Wickiewicz Thomas , Pearle Andrew D. 
Published: February 2011

Background: Despite improved biomechanical stability and kinematics with anatomic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, concerns regarding notch impingement of the graft have persisted, particularly with increasingly anterior tibial tunnel position. The potentially mitigating effect of anatomic femoral socket position, however, has not been evaluated. Hypothesis: Placement of the femoral socket in the central or posterolateral bundle footprint reduces the risk and magnitude of graft impingement after ACL reconstruction compared with placement in the anteromedial bundle footprint. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: This study employed computer-assisted navigation in a cadaveric model to evaluate the effect of tibial and femoral tunnel position on ACL graft impingement. Sixteen cadaveric knees were tested using the Praxim ACL Surgetics Navigation System, with the tibial tunnel positioned in the footprint of the anteromedial bundle and the femoral socket placed in the (1) anteromedial bundle footprint, (2) center of footprint, or (3) posterolateral bundle footprint. The amount of maximum impingement, angle of initial impingement, and location of graft impingement were documented through a full arc of knee motion. Results: Impingement occurred with all 3 femoral socket positions, but the mean angle of impingement with the anteromedial femoral position (42.8° ± 26.4°) was significantly greater ( P < .003) than the mean angles of impingement with the central femoral position (19.4° ± 19.2°) and the posterolateral bundle femoral position (16.7° ± 13.3°). Conclusion: Although notch impingement was seen in all femoral socket locations with an anteromedial tibial socket position, femoral socket position in a central or posterolateral bundle location may reduce the risk and magnitude of graft impingement after ACL reconstruction. Additional studies are necessary to determine the influence of these different constructs on graft isometry and knee kinematics. Clinical Relevance: Anatomic femoral socket position in the center of the native ACL footprint may reduce the risk and magnitude of notch impingement compared with an anteromedial bundle position with ACL reconstruction.
Can Anatomic Femoral Tunnel Placement Be Achieved Using a Transtibial Technique for Hamstring Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction?
Authors: Strauss Eric J. , Barker Joseph U. , McGill Kevin , Cole Brian J. , Bach Bernard R. , Verma Nikhil N. 
Published: February 2011

Background: Recent studies have emphasized the importance of anatomic tunnel placement during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in an effort to restore normal knee kinematics and stability. Secondary to the constraints imposed by a coupled drilling technique, the ability to achieve an anatomic femoral tunnel during transtibial hamstring ACL reconstruction may be limited. Hypothesis: The size limitations imposed by the small-diameter tibial tunnel used in hamstring ACL reconstruction would preclude the ability to place an anatomic femoral tunnel. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: In a descriptive laboratory study, fresh-frozen human cadaveric knees fixed at 90° of flexion were dissected to expose the centers of the native femoral and tibial ACL insertions. The geometry and location of each insertion were evaluated. Using a standardized starting point, tibial tunnels were drilled to the center of the tibial insertion using an 8-mm reamer. Next, a 6-mm over-the-top guide was used to position as close as possible to the anatomic femoral ACL insertion on the lateral wall, and femoral tunnels were drilled with the 8-mm reamer. For each tunnel, the location, geometry, and percentage overlap with the native insertion site were evaluated using a 3-dimensional laser scanner. Results: The reamed tibial tunnel was central within the insertion site, occupying 40.4% ± 2.0% of the native tibial insertion. Transtibial drilling resulted in femoral tunnels that were superior and posterior compared with the native femoral insertion. Thefemoral tunnel had a mean ± SD overlap of 30.0% ± 12.6% with the femoral insertion, with the center of the tunnel 7.6± 0.5 mm from the center of the native ACL femoral insertion. Conclusion: Based on our data using our specific starting point, during hamstring ACL reconstructions, the constraints imposed by a coupled drilling technique result in nonanatomic femoral tunnels that are superior and posterior to the native femoral insertion. Clinical Relevance: Anatomic femoral tunnel placement during hamstring ACL reconstructions may not be possible using a coupled, transtibial drilling approach.
Reduced Chondrocyte Viability Is Associated With the Use of Surgical Marker Pen Ink
Authors: Getgood Alan , McNamara Iain , Kili Sven , Bhullar Tony , Henson Frances 
Published: February 2011

Background: Sterile surgical marker pens are commonly used in cartilage repair surgery to aid in the placement of periosteal patches or collagen membranes in autologous chondrocyte implantation. Purpose: To investigate the effects that methylene blue and crystal violet marker pen ink have on human chondrocytes when cultured on collagen membranes in vitro. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Human chondrocytes were applied to Chondro-Gide collagen membranes at a volume of 12 million cells. In the first experiment, 2 sterile marker pens, one containing methylene blue and the other crystal violet inks, were used to mark membranes immediately before the addition of cells. In the second experiment, the same marker pens marked the membranes after 7 days of cell culture. In each experiment, 3 groups of membrane were tested for each pen. Group A consisted of no ink mark, group B had only the uppermost “smooth” layer marked, and group C had the lower “porous” layer marked. All membranes were then cultured in standard growth media for 24 hours. Cell viability was assessed at 24 hours on all membranes using a live/dead-cell viability assay. Cell viability was quantified with florescent microscopy with mean percentage of live cells in each marker pen group compared with control membranes using the Student t test ( P < .05). Results: Control membranes (group A) with no ink showed cell viability approaching 100%. A statistically significant reduction in cell viability with both methylene blue (23.1%; P < .0001) and crystal violet (18.9%; P < .0001) was found adjacent to the ink mark on the smooth side (group B) and on the porous side remote from the ink (group C) in both experiments (<30%; P < .0001). Areduction in cell viability was noted on the smooth side remote from the ink mark but did not reach statistical significance. Marked cell death was seen with both dyes (<15%; P < .0001) adjacent to the ink on the porous side. Conclusion: Chondrocyte viability is significantly reduced when cells are cultured in vitro on collagen membranes marked with methylene blue and crystal violet pen ink. Clinical Relevance: Surgeons should be aware of the potential negative effect of marker pens in cell-based therapies.
Relationship Between the Medial Elbow Adduction Moment During Pitching and Ulnar Collateral Ligament Appearance During Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation
Authors: Hurd Wendy J. , Kaufman Kenton R. , Murthy Naveen S. 
Published: February 2011

Background: Medial elbow distraction during pitching as the primary mechanism contributing to adaptations in ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) appearance during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation has not been established. Hypothesis: Uninjured high school–aged pitchers with unilateral adaptations of the UCL exhibit a higher peak internal elbow adduction moment than those without UCL adaptations. Study Design: Cohort study (Prevalence); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Twenty uninjured, asymptomatic high school–aged pitchers underwent bilateral elbow MRI examinations. Three-dimensional motion analysis testing was performed to collect throwing arm biomechanics as participants pitched from an indoor mound. Nonparametric tests were performed to compare peak internal elbow adduction moment in uninjured participants with and without adaptations in UCL appearance and to determine the nature of the relationship between the peak internal adduction moment and UCL appearance. Results: Uninjured participants with UCL thickening exhibited a higher peak internal elbow adduction moment of 53.3 ± 6.8 N·m compared with uninjured participants without adaptations in UCL appearance, 38.8 ± 10.9 N·m ( P = .05), as higher moments were correlated with ligament thickening (correlation coefficient, 0.45) ( P = .02). Conclusion: This study establishes the association between medial elbow distraction captured by the internal adduction moment during pitching and UCL adaptations visible during MRI evaluation.
Memory impairment associated with neurometabolic abnormalities of the hippocampus in patients with non-neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Kozora E , Brown MS , Filley CM , Zhang L , Miller DE , West SG , Pelzman J , Arciniegas DB 
Published: February 2011

Objective: Memory impairment is common in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study examined hippocampal volumes and neurometabolic alterations in relation to memory function in SLE patients without a history of neuropsychiatric syndromes (nonNPSLE). Methods: Subjects included 81 nonNPSLE patients and 34 healthy controls. Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the right and left hippocampal areas (RH, LH) were performed. Verbal and visual memory tests were administered and a Memory Impairment Index (MII) was derived from standardized tests. Results: Higher memory impairment (MII) was correlated with lower RH glutamate + glutamine/creatine ( p = 0.009) and lower RH N-acetylaspartic acid/creatine ( p = 0.012) in nonNPSLE patients. A trend for a negative correlation between RH and LH volumes and MII was evident for absolute hippocampal volumes. Lower RH glutamate + glutamine/creatine was also correlated with worse performance in a mean visual memory index ( p = 0.017). Conclusions: An association between reduced memory and lower N-acetylaspartic acid/creatine in the RH suggests neuronal damage in nonNPSLE patients with very mild and early disease. Alterations in glutamate + glutamine/creatine further indicate early metabolic changes in nonNPSLE are related to memory impairment, a finding that might suggest that memory impairment relates to presynaptic glutamatergic dysfunction in the hippocampus.
The ‘most twisted and unaccountable force in the state’? Newspaper accounts of social work in the Republic of Ireland in troubled times
Authors: Gaughan Lorraine , Garrett Paul Michael 
Published: February 2011

•  Summary: This article investigates how newspapers in the Republic of Ireland are delivering ‘social work news’ during a period of professional flux and evolving economic crisis. •  Findings: Many citizens in the Republic are currently experiencing serious economic hardship partly related to the global recession. It is important to understand the shape which the crisis is taking and to try to ascertain how this is impacting on social work. The article refers to an unpublished study of newspaper coverage of social work between January 2006 and January 2008. In this context, in the second part of discussion, particular attention will be devoted to the interventions of The Irish Times columnist, John Waters. Also, to accounts of ‘high profile cases’, particularly those appearing to highlight the urgent need to establish a national emergency or ‘out-of-hours’ social work service. Here, the work of the social affairs correspondent, Carl O’Brien, will be discussed. •  Applications: Social workers and social work academics need to strive to understand, and politically situate, newspaper accounts of social work and related forms of activity. Moreover, social workers should seek to intervene and shape newspaper accounts of their work. The article suggests that a recent report produced in England may aid social workers deliberations and actions in this respect ( Social Work Task Force, 2009 ).
Toxoplasma gondii infection in slaughter pigs in Serbia: seroprevalence and demonstration of parasites in blood
Authors: Klun Ivana , Vujanić Marija , Yera Hélène , Nikolić Aleksandra , Ivović Vladimir , Bobić Branko , Bradonjić Siniša , Dupouy-Camet Jean , Djurković-­Djaković Olgica 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA seroepizootiological study ofToxoplasma gondiiinfection involving a total of 488 slaughter pigs (468 market-weight pigs and 20 sows) in the Belgrade area, also included examination of the presence ofT. gondiiin the blood. Blood sampled at the slaughter line was examined for specific antibodies by modified direct agglutination, and blood clots of those seropositive at titres of 1:50-1:12800 were bioassayed in mice. The overall seroprevalence was 9.2%, significantly higher (p= 0.0063) in sows (30.0%) than in market-weight pigs (8.3%). Amongst the 22 bioassays performed, a total of 16 (72.7%) were positive, by observation ofT. gondiicysts (12), seropositivity (7, including 3 in which cysts were not detected), and/or detection ofT. gondiiDNA by real-time PCR (12, including one otherwise negative). The positive bioassays originated from the blood of 12 market-weight pigs and 4 sows. Despite a general increase in the rate of demonstration ofT. gondiiwith the increase in the specific antibody level, the association was not significant (p= 0.101). The risk of infection was 41-fold increased in sows vs market-weight pigs, and 15-fold in pigs from smallholders' finishing type farms vs those from large farrow-to-finish farms. The presence of viableT. gondiiin a proportion of the samples indicates that some of the pigs had an active parasitaemia at the time of slaughter, which, along with the seroprevalence established, points to a potential source of human infection in Serbia. This is the first report on parasitaemia in naturally infected swine.
Genome-wide expression patterns associated with oncogenesis and sarcomatous transdifferentation of cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Seol Min-A , Chu In-Sun , Lee Mi-Jin , Yu Goung-Ran , Cui Xiang-Dan , Cho Baik-Hwan , Ahn Eun-Kyung , Leem Sun-Hee , Kim In-Hee , Kim Dae-Ghon 
Published: February 2011

Abstract

Background
The molecular mechanisms of CC (cholangiocarcinoma) oncogenesis and progression are poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the genome-wide expression of genes related to CC oncogenesis and sarcomatous transdifferentiation.

Methods
Genes that were differentially expressed between CC cell lines or tissues and cultured normal biliary epithelial (NBE) cells were identified using DNA microarray technology. Expressions were validated in human CC tissues and cells.

Results
Using unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis of the cell line and tissue samples, we identified a set of 342 commonly regulated (>2-fold change) genes. Of these, 53, including tumor-related genes, were upregulated, and 289, including tumor suppressor genes, were downregulated (<0.5 fold change). Expression of SPP1, EFNB2, E2F2, IRX3, PTTG1, PPARγ, KRT17, UCHL1, IGFBP7 and SPARC proteins was immunohistochemically verified in human and hamster CC tissues. Additional unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis of sarcomatoid CC cells compared to three adenocarcinomatous CC cell lines revealed 292 differentially upregulated genes (>4-fold change), and 267 differentially downregulated genes (<0.25 fold change). The expression of 12 proteins was validated in the CC cell lines by immunoblot analysis and immunohistochemical staining. Of the proteins analyzed, we found upregulation of the expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins VIM and TWIST1, and restoration of the methylation-silenced proteins LDHB, BNIP3, UCHL1, and NPTX2 during sarcomatoid transdifferentiation of CC.

Conclusion
The deregulation of oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and methylation-related genes may be useful in identifying molecular targets for CC diagnosis and prognosis.
West End Walkers 65+: A randomised controlled trial of a primary care-based walking intervention for older adults: Study rationale and design
Authors: MacMillan Freya , Fitzsimons Claire , Black Karen , Granat Malcolm H , Grant Margaret P , Grealy Madeleine , Macdonald Hazel , McConnachie Alex , Rowe David A , Shaw Rebecca , Skelton Dawn A , Mutrie Nanette 
Published: February 2011

Abstract

Background
In Scotland, older adults are a key target group for physical activity intervention due to the large proportion who are inactive. The health benefits of an active lifestyle are well established but more research is required on the most effective interventions to increase activity in older adults. The 'West End Walkers 65+' randomised controlled trial aims to examine the feasibility of delivering a pedometer-based walking intervention to adults aged ≥65 years through a primary care setting and to determine the efficacy of this pilot. The study rationale, protocol and recruitment process are discussed in this paper.

Methods/Design
The intervention consisted of a 12-week pedometer-based graduated walking programme and physical activity consultations. Participants were randomised into an immediate intervention group (immediate group) or a 12-week waiting list control group (delayed group) who then received the intervention. For the pilot element of this study, the primary outcome measure was pedometer step counts. Secondary outcome measures of sedentary time and physical activity (time spent lying/sitting, standing or walking; activPAL™ monitor), mood (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule), functional ability (Perceived Motor-Efficacy Scale for Older Adults), quality of life (Short-Form (36) Health Survey version 2) and loneliness (UCLA Loneliness Scale) were assessed. Focus groups with participants and semi-structured interviews with the research team captured their experiences of the intervention. The feasibility component of this trial examined recruitment via primary care and retention of participants, appropriateness of the intervention for older adults and the delivery of the intervention by a practice nurse.

Discussion
West End Walkers 65+ will determine the feasibility and pilot the efficacy of delivering a pedometer-based walking intervention through primary care to Scottish adults aged ≥65 years. The study will also examine the effect of the intervention on the well-being of participants and gain an insight into both participant and research team member experiences of the intervention.

Trial registration number
ISRCTN: ISRCTN70658148
Malignant PEComa: a case report with emphasis on clinical and morphological criteria
Authors: Selvaggi Federico , Risio Domenico , Claudi Roberta , Cianci Roberta , Angelucci Domenico , Pulcini Daniela , D'Aulerio Alberto , Legnini Margherita , Cotellese Roberto , Innocenti Paolo 
Published: February 2011

Abstract

Background
Malignant perivascular epitheliod cell tumor (PEComa) is a very rare entity composed of distinctive perivascular epitheliod cells with variable immunoreactivity for melanocytic and muscle markers. At present this neoplasm does not have a known normal cellular counterpart and the natural history is often unpredictable. Up to now, few cases of PEComa have been described and treatment modalities are still controversial, particularly in advanced conditions.

Case presentation
We handled the case of a 42-year-old man with unresectable PEComa of the abdomen. A 7 cm hepatic hypodense lesion between segment V and VIII of the liver and diffuse intraperitoneal nodules of 0,3-3,5 cm along the right subcapsular hepatic region, were documented by a CT scan. Radiological images showed abnormal lymph nodes of the right internal mammary chain and anterior mediastinum. The patient underwent an explorative laparotomy for uncontrolled intrabdominal hemorrhage without a well-defined preoperative tumor diagnosis. At surgery, multiple lobulated nodules containing hemorrhagic fluid on the liver surface, peritoneum and omentum were confirmed. The procedure had a palliative intent and consisted of hemostasis, hematomas evacuation and omentectomy. The diagnosis of PEComa was made after surgery on the basis of morphological and immunohystochemical criteria. Radiological and intra operative findings suggest that the mass has an hepatic origin with diffuse involvement of hepatic capsule and suspensory ligaments. The patient received medical support care with blood and plasma transfusions. In our experience, PEComa was clinically malignant, leading to a fatal outcome 25 days after hospital admission of patient.

Conclusions
Here we report and discuss the peculiar clinical, radiological and morphological presentation of unresectable PEComa. Although in the majority of the reported series, PEComas show a more better prognosis, our case presents with a particular aggressive biological behaviour. The importance of a correct preoperative diagnosis, the need for more effective targeted therapies based on tumor molecular knowledge and evidence-based clinical studies are emphasized together with a revision of the concerning scientific literature.