bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indirubin inhibits tumor growth by antitumor angiogenesis via blocking VEGFR2‐mediated JAK/STAT3 signaling in endothelial cell
Authors: Zhang Xiaoli , Song Yajuan , Wu Yuanyuan , Dong Yanmin , Lai Li , Zhang Jing , Lu Binbin , Dai Fujun , He Lijun , Liu Mingyao , Yi Zhengfang 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTumor angiogenesis is one of the hallmarks of the development in malignant neoplasias and metastasis. Many angiogenesis inhibitors are small molecules from natural products. Indirubin, the active component of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Banlangen, has been shown to exhibit antitumor and anti‐inflammation effects. But its roles in tumor angiogenesis, the key step involved in tumor growth and metastasis, and the involved molecular mechanism is unknown. Here, we identified that indirubin inhibited prostate tumor growth through inhibiting tumor angiogenesis. Using chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay and mouse corneal model, we found that indirubin inhibited angiogenesis in vivo. We also showed the inhibition activity of indirubin in endothelial cell migration, tube formation and cell survival in vitro. Furthermore, indirubin suppressed vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2‐mediated Janus kinase (JAK)/STAT3 signaling pathway but had little effects on the activity of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase in endothelial cell. Our study provided the first evidence for antitumor angiogenesis activity of indirubin and the related molecular mechanism. Our investigations suggested that indirubin was a potential drug candidate for angiogenesis related diseases.
Tumor eradication by immunotherapy with biodegradable PLGA microspheres—an alternative to incomplete Freund's adjuvant
Authors: Mueller Marc , Schlosser Eva , Gander Bruno , Groettrup Marcus 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn experimental tumor immunotherapy, incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) has been considered as the “gold standard” for T‐cell vaccination in mice and humans in spite of its considerable adverse effects. Recently, we succeeded in eliciting strong CTL responses in mice after vaccination with biodegradable poly(D,L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres (MS). In our study, we compared the immune response to IFA and PLGA‐MS containing ovalbumin (OVA) and CpG‐oligodeoxynucleotide (MS‐OVA/CpG) or we used a mixture of MS‐OVA/CpG and MS‐polyI:C. A single vaccination with MS‐OVA/CpG elicited long‐lasting titers of IgG1 and IgG2a, but only low IgE titers, and also the T‐cell response was biased toward Th1 differentiation. Antigen presentation to CD4+ and CD8+ cells and activation of a cytotoxic T‐cell response in mice vaccinated with PLGA‐MS and IFA lasted for over 3 weeks. Preconditioning of the injection site with TNF‐α and heterologous prime‐boost regimen further enhanced the cytotoxic response. PLGA‐MS were as efficient or superior to IFA in eradication of preexisting tumors and suppression of lung metastases. Taken together, PLGA‐MS are well‐defined, biodegradable and clinically compatible antigen carrier systems that compare favorably with IFA in their efficacy of tumor immunotherapy in mouse models and hence deserve to be tested for their effectiveness against human malignant diseases.
Evidence-based policy on dietary calcium and vitamin D
Authors: Reid Ian R , Avenell Alison 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The Institute of Medicine's report on calcium and vitamin D makes a positive contribution by grounding its recommendations on the available evidence base. The committee does not substantially change recommended dietary intakes for calcium and modestly increases those for vitamin D based on the need for a median serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D of 40 nmol/L. They do not support the suggestion that all adults should have levels &gt;75 nmol/L. The committee concludes that current evidence does not support nonskeletal benefits for vitamin D or calcium, and notes that higher intakes of both could have adverse health consequences. The present authors are generally in agreement with these conclusions, with some caveats regarding the evidence base used. However, we believe that the central role of sunlight exposure in determining vitamin D status needs to be explicitly reflected in public policy in this area. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Letting go of little Albert: Disciplinary memory, history, and the uses of myth
Authors: Harris Ben 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn 2009 American Psychologist published the account of an attempt to identify the infant “Albert B.,” who participated in Watson and Rayner's study of the conditioning of human fears. Such literal interpretations of the question “Whatever happened to Little Albert?” highlight the importance of historical writing that transcends the narrowly biographical and that avoids the obsessive hunt for “facts.” The author of a 1979 study of how secondary sources have told the story of Little Albert relates his attempts to purge incorrect accounts of that story from college textbooks. He renounces such efforts as misguided and suggests that myths in the history of psychology can be instructive, including the myth that the identity of Little Albert has been discovered. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Review article: Improving the performance of agricultural extension services in developing countries
Authors: Hulme David 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAgricultural Extension. By A.W. VAN DEN BAN and H.S. HAWKINS. (Harlow, Longman, 1988, pp.328, £4.95 paperback)Agricultural Extension Worldwide: Issues, Practices and Emerging Priorities. By WILLIAM M. RIVERA and SUSAN G. SHRAM, eds. (London, Croom‐Helm, 1987, pp.294, £25.00 hardback).Extension Science: Information Systems in Agricultural Development. By Niels Röling. (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1988, pp.233, £35.00 hardback, £11.95 paperback).Training and Visit Extension in Practice. By John Howell, ed. (London, Overseas Development Institute, Agricultural Administration Unit Occasional Paper 8, 1988, pp.107, £4.95 paperback).
Review Article: Poverty and food: Contemporary Questions
Authors: Pankhurst Donna 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSatisfying Africa's Food Needs. Food Production and Commercialisation in African Agriculture. By RONALD COHEN (ed.). (London, Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1988, pp. 244, £19.95)Wealth, Poverty and Starvation. An International Perspective. By VIC GEORGE (Hemmel Hempstead, Wheatsheaf, 1988, pp. 234, £10.95.)Population, Food and Rural Development, By RONALD D. LEE et al (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1988, pp.215. £25.)
Socio‐economic differentiation among African peasants: Evidence from Acholi, Southern Sudan
Authors: House William J. , Phillips‐Howard Kevin D. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the nature and extent of inequality and poverty in a rural African economy which has yet to experience any form of modern economic growth. Southern Sudan remains one of the least developed areas in Africa, relying largely on subsistence crop cultivation and traditional pastoralism and where the only major modem sector activity is urban‐based public administration. The aim of this study is to quantify and explain the nature of differences in household well‐being in a fairly typical rural area of this economy set in the context of the Chayanov model ofpeasant behaviour. It is argued that policy‐making requires the exploration of the underlying behaviour of households and how they allocate land and labour in order to help support their survival strategies. Some general policy implications are drawn from the analysis of data collected in a small sample survey which may have a wider application in similarly neglected parts of rural tropical Africa.
Decentralised planning in Zimbabwe: A review of provincial, urban and district development planning in post‐dependence Zimbabwe (post‐1980)
Authors: Wekwete K. H. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe paper provides a detailed analysis of the nature and forms of decentralised planning existing in Zimbabwe since 1980. Most of them reflect a continuity from the colonial period with modifications to suit the new socio‐economic order. A detailed review is made of the powers that exist for planning and implementation, and also their limitations. The multiplicity of agencies has created problems, which has called for more co‐ordination particularly at provincial level. However, the conflict between territory and function is very evident, because in all cases it is planning either by sector ministries and parastatal agencies with limited territorial power, or in some cases relative autonomy exists for local planning and implementation. The conclusion to this paper is that there is a strong need for a central authority to co‐ordinate decentralised planning. This is a contradiction, if one sees decentralisation as the opposite of centralisation. Here we see the co‐existence of the two as inevitable because Zimbabwe is a unitary state which defines the limits of decentralisation.
Asian and Latin American experience: Lessons for Africa
Authors: Ranis Gustav 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe historical transition growth experiences of East Asia and Latin America are outlined, with emphasis on the contrast in development strategies and resource flows at the end of their respective primary import substitution sub‐phases. The relationship between differences in initial conditions and policy regimes is then highlighted, along with the resulting marked divergence in bottom line performance with respect to both growth and equity. Lessons for sub‐Saharan Africa, which, as a late‐comer, still has some of these fateful choices ahead of it, are then suggested. In addition to some of the rather well‐known difficulties Africa faces, in terms of its endowment as well as a less favourable international setting, it is pointed out that there also exist a number of potential advantages which should not be ignored. Finally, some rather specific suggestions of possible relevance to African policymakers are put forward.
Prices in Mozambican agriculture
Authors: Tarp Finn 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis article is concerned with the effectiveness and impact of agricultural price policy in Mozambique since Independence in 1975. Existing information on price‐setting and inflation is up‐dated and reviewed, and the implications of a recently compiled aggregate consumer price index are investigated. External pressure and increasing internal difficulties have induced a re‐orientation of economic policies with price and market liberalization in focus. The scope for increasing agricultural production through price reform alone is limited, but Government intervention in agricultural markets in Mozambique could nevertheless be improved. Different types of interventions undertaken and proposed are therefore considered before the article is concluded. © 2016. The Authors. Journal of International Development published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Debt: New treatment for the chronic but repentant
Authors: Faber Mike 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe article considers the position of certain developing countries which have accumulated major arrears to the international financial institutions (IFI) but which have also indicated their willingness to undertake programmes of stabilisation and structural adjustment. The first part of the article deals with the problem of how such chronic debtors may be brought back into the fold so as to qualify for renewed IFI financing. The second part of the article identifies four policy instruments likely to form part of any negotiated adjustment programme, and considers certain issues which may arise in determining how those instruments may best be designed and applied.
Review article: Continuing dance of the debt squads? … Or out of the debt crisis? … An extended review of four books on third world debt
Authors: Edwards Chris 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA Fate Worse than Debt. By Susan George. (London, Penguin Books, 1988, pp.290, £4.50 paperback.)The Dance of the Millions: Latin America and the Debt Crisis. By Jackie Roddick. (London, Latin America Bureau, 1988, pp.256, £5.95, paperback.)The Debt Squads: the US, the Banks and Latin America. By SUe Branford and Bernardo Kucinski. (London, Zed Books, 1988, pp.142, £7.95, paperback: an earlier version (A Ditidura da Divida) was first published in Portuguese by Editora Brasiliense, Sao Paulo, in 1987.) Growing out of Debt. By Adrian Hewitt and BOWEN WELLS, MP (eds.). (London, Overseas Development Institute for the All Party Parliamentary Group on Overseas, Development, 1989, pp.82, £4.95 paperback.)
Regional groupings in Asia: Should SAARC follow the ASEAN model?
Authors: Bhalla Praveen 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis paper attempts to compare two Asian regional groupings, the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), with special reference to the influence of geopolitical factors in their creation and development. The main features and mechanisms of cooperation within the two groupings are examined and compared and their future prospects, particularly for achieving regional stability and growth, are analysed. The aim of the comparison is not so much to assess their relative performance (as ASEAN is almost two decades older than SAARC) as to determine to which extent ASEAN is a valid model for SAARC, given the different geopolitical settings and different levels of development of the two groupings.
Imports of technology of the newly industrialising countries: An inter‐industry analysis for Mexico and Pakistan
Authors: Katrak Homi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe NICs desire to import technology from the industrially advanced countries but are concerned that imperfections in the international market for technology enable the technology suppliers to set ‘high’ prices and also to discriminate between different types of buyers.This paper uses data of two NICs, Mexico and Pakistan, to analyse their technology payments in terms of (i) the costs of the technology suppliers, (ii) the benefits of the importing enterprises and (iii) the relative bargaining power of those parties. The possibility of discrimination between indigenous enterprises and foreign owned subsidiaries is also examined.
The potential benefits of reallocation of government subsidies in Bangladesh
Authors: Jabbar M. A. , Colman David 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this study subsidies are treated as both an element of government expenditure and a source of household income. The impacts of reallocating existing subsidy expenditure to selected alternatives are estimated upon factors such as growth, employment, personal saving indirect tax and import using a semi‐closed input‐output model. The results indicate substantial scope for deriving additional benefits by reallocating the existing subsidies on foreign wage earnings and urban food ration (enjoyed by the richer classes) to fertilizer, foodgrain procurement or rural food rations (enjoyed by the poorer classes). Reallocation of fertilizer or rural food ration subsidies have no benefits. The benefits of reallocation to production activities are higher than for consumption activities.
Natural resource management for sustainable development. a study of feasible policies, institutions and investment activities in Nepal with special emphasis on the hills
Authors: Horberry John 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe article considers feasible policies, institutions and investment activities in the Nepal Hills. It reviews the evidence on the extent of environmental degradation, its costs, and causes. The scope for policy action is considered in respect of government planning, macroeconomic instruments, and sectoral investment programmes. Amongst the recommended actions are measures to develop the rural Tarai, support to urbanisation and non‐farm income opportunities, the development of user groups, decentralization, and the greater involvement of the private sector.
Age and work‐related motives: Results of a meta‐analysis
Authors: Kooij Dorien T. A. M. , De Lange Annet H. , Jansen Paul G. W. , Kanfer Ruth , Dikkers Josje S. E. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAn updated literature review was conducted and a meta‐analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between age and work‐related motives. Building on theorizing in life span psychology, we hypothesized the existence of age‐related differences in work‐related motives. Specifically, we proposed an age‐related increase in the strength of security and social motives, and an age‐related decrease in the strength of growth motives. To investigate life span developmental theory predictions about age‐related differences in control strategies, we also examined the relationship between age and intrinsic and extrinsic motives. Consistent with our predictions, meta‐analytic results showed a significant positive relationship between age and intrinsic motives, and a significant negative relationship between age and strength of growth and extrinsic motives. The predicted positive relation between age and strength of social and security motives was only found among certain subgroups. Implications of these findings for work motivation and life span theories and future research are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trend analysis of rainfall in Bharathapuzha River basin, Kerala, India
Authors: Nikhil Raj P. P. , Azeez P. A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractKnowing the variations in the general rainfall pattern of a river basin is vital to understanding the hydrological cycle and water budget of the basin. The present study examined the general rainfall pattern in Bharathapuzha River basin of Malabar coast of Kerala, using monthly rainfall data for 34 years collected from 28 rain gauge stations. We used Mann‐Kendal's rank correlation statistics and wavelet analysis to examine the trend of rainfall. The annual rainfall, southwest monsoon, and pre‐monsoon rainfall of the basin shows a significant decrement towards the later years of the study. We assume that the global climate and the local environmental changes are the chief factors for the variation. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Towards planning and practical understanding of the need for meteorological and climatic information in the design of high‐density cities: A case‐based study of Hong Kong
Authors: Ng E. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMore than half the world's population lives in cities. In tropical and subtropical regions, the growth of mega and compact cities are on the rise. The urban climatic issues of heat, humidity, lack of daylight, solar access, and urban ventilation is of topical concern to urban planners and governments. This paper puts forward a notion that a well established view of the low impact of urban climate on planning may be due to the lack of planning on the part of urban climatologists. Overly detailed and precise meteorological information, and excessively sophisticated climatic explanations and knowledge presentation do not help planners; information overload makes planners feel discouraged and ill equipped. In this paper, the understanding of Hong Kong based on the scale of planned decision making is elaborated with examples. Urban climatic information must be presented sequentially to fit the hierarchal process of planning and land use decision making. For better transfer of knowledge and communication, ‘prevailing’ and ‘criticality’ should be observed; information overload must be avoided, and spatial information must be presented graphically whenever possible. Scholars have argued that instead of the need for precision and accuracy, most of the time planners need to make balanced and reasonable decisions. Simplicity is the key. Furthermore, the advent of rapid urbanisation in the age of climate change further endows urban climatologists the burden to develop appropriate and easy‐to‐understand urban climate knowledge for planners. Resolving something complicated into something simple for planners is the only way forward. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Enhancing destination image through travel website information
Authors: Jeong Chul , Holland Stephen , Jun Soo H. , Gibson Heather 
Published: January 2011

AbstractEffects of a travel website on tourists' destination images were examined. The relationship between information search using websites and destination image was studied. In addition, the validity of experimental design as a method for examining destination image was explored. A static‐group comparison design was conducted using two sets of students as experimental and control groups. A travel website search was the stimuli for the experimental group. Results revealed that exposure to a travel website significantly affected the majority of cognitive and overall destination images. Additionally, experimental design was shown to be an effective method in measuring changes in destination image. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment options in trigeminal trophic syndrome: A multi‐institutional case series
Authors: Willis Mark , Shockley William W. , Mobley Steven R. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTrigeminal trophic syndrome (TTS) is an uncommon medical condition that may be encountered by otolaryngologists and facial plastic surgeons. TTS begins with damage to the trigeminal nerve or its central sensory connections, causing anesthesia in a dermatomal distribution. With repeated scratching and manipulation, an ulceration occurs, often in the alar region. In this multi‐institutional report, we summarize a small series of patients with TTS. Treatment options are discussed along with a review of the relevant literature. Although rare, it is important that practicing otolaryngologists be familiar with the classic signs and symptoms of this condition in order to avoid delays in diagnosis and treatment. Laryngoscope, 2011
Clinical comparison of hearing‐impaired patients with DFNB1 against heterozygote carriers of connexin 26 mutations
Authors: Lipan Michael , Ouyang Xiaomei , Yan Denise , Angeli Simon , Du Li Lin , Liu Xue‐Zhong 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectives:The aim of the study is to assess clinical characteristics of individuals with nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss (NSSNHL) with genetic mutations in GJB2 and/or GJB6. We describe and compare one group with biallelic mutations against a group of heterozygote mutation carriers.Methods:A total of 350 patients between the ages of 3 months and 80 years referred to a tertiary care outpatient otology practice for NSSNHL were screened for genetic mutations. Direct sequencing of GJB2 and polymerase chain reaction analysis of GJB6 was performed and clinical data from history and physical, audiologic testing and radiographic studies were reviewed.Results:Thirty‐two patients were found to have biallelic mutations (incidence of 9.1%). Twenty‐five patients were found to have only one GJB2 mutation (incidence of 7.1%). Severe to profound hearing loss occurred in 85% of the homozygote group and 38% of the heterozygote group. Both groups similarly had a propensity toward bilateral, symmetric, nonprogressive hearing loss with rare inner ear malformations on radiologic imaging.Conclusions:These two patient populations have similar incidences in a cohort of patients evaluated for NSSNHL, which is higher than general population heterozygote carrier rates. Heterozygote mutation carriers had less hearing impairment, but most other factors demonstrated no differences. These results support the theory of an unidentified genetic factor contributing to hearing loss in some heterozygote carriers. Therefore, genetic counseling should consider the complexity of their genetic factors and the limitations of current screening. Laryngoscope, 2011