bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial and Temporal Movements of White Sucker: Implications for Use as a Sentinel Species
Authors: Doherty Chad A. , Curry R. Allen , Munkittrick Kelly R. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWhite suckers Catostomus commersonii are widely distributed in rivers of North America and often used in environmental monitoring. The species' value as a sentinel has been questioned because some populations are known to travel long distances during spawning migrations and therefore can be exposed to multiple environments. The movements of white suckers in a 65‐km reach of the Saint John River, New Brunswick, were studied from 2001 to 2003 using radio and acoustic tracking and analyses of stable isotope ratios. Individuals maintained small home ranges in the river from summer to late winter, averaging 2.6 river kilometers [rkm] or less each year. During the spring spawning season, upstream and downstream movements to three tributaries occurred. Distances traveled were up to 40 rkm and averaged 9.2 rkm (SD = 11.0). Two males used separate tributaries within a spawning period, and there was evidence that spawning may not take place every year. Stable isotope results confirmed that white suckers maintained a high fidelity to well‐defined reaches in the main river outside the spawning period. These results indicate the importance of distinct, limited habitats and connectivity of habitats for white suckers in large rivers and support the hypothesis that white suckers reflect localized environmental conditions and can be used as a sentinel.
Use of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) to Identify and Characterize Overwintering Areas of Fish in Ice‐Covered Arctic Rivers: A Demonstration with Broad Whitefish and Their Habitats in the Sagavanirktok River, Alaska
Authors: Brown Richard S. , Duguay Claude R. , Mueller Robert P. , Moulton Larry L. , Doucette Peter J. , Tagestad Jerry D. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn northern climates, locating overwintering fish can be very challenging due to thick ice cover. Areas near the coast of the Beaufort Sea provide valuable overwintering habitat for both resident and anadromous fish species; identifying them and understanding their use of overwintering areas is of special interest. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery from two spaceborne satellites was examined as an alternative to radiotelemetry for identifying anadromous fish overwintering. The presence of water and ice were sampled at 162 sites, and fish were sampled at 16 of these sites. From SAR imagery alone, we successfully identified large pools inhabited by overwintering fish in the ice‐covered Sagavanirktok River, Alaska. In addition, the imagery was able to identify all of the larger pools (mean minimum length = 138 m, SD = 131, range = 15–470 m) of water located by field sampling. The effectiveness of SAR in identifying these pools varied from 31% to 100%, depending on imagery polarization, the incidence angle range, and the orbit. Horizontal transmit—vertical receive (HV) polarization appeared to be best. The accuracy of SAR was also assessed at a finer pixel‐by‐pixel scale (30 × 30 m). The best correspondence at this finer scale was obtained with an image having HV polarization. The levels of agreement ranged from 54% to 69%. The presence of broad whitefish Coregonus nasus (the only anadromous species present) was associated with salinity and pool size (estimated with SAR imagery); fish were more likely to be found in larger pools with low salinity. This research illustrates that SAR imaging has great potential for identifying under‐ice overwintering areas of riverine fish. These techniques should allow managers to identify critical overwintering areas more easily and at lower cost than traditional techniques permit.
Climate Change Impacts on Flood Frequency, Intensity, and Timing May Affect Trout Species in Sagehen Creek, California
Authors: Meyers Erica M. , Dobrowski Bridget , Tague Christina L. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractClimate warming is likely to alter the frequency, intensity, and seasonal timing of floods in Sagehen Creek, a headwater stream in California's Sierra Nevada, and thus has the potential to alter the population dynamics of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Both species are susceptible to floods that can scour redds or kill fry, potentially decreasing population size the following summer. Winter (November—April) floods affect brook trout, and spring (May) floods affect rainbow trout. In this study, we applied a spatially distributed ecohydrologic model (RHESSys) to estimate how climate warming (+2°C and +4°C) and changes in precipitation are likely to impact flood flows in Sagehen Creek. Model estimates predict substantial changes in the temporal distribution of floods from spring to winter and an increase in the frequency and intensity of floods in both warming scenarios. Greater annual precipitation or precipitation intensity increases flood frequency but does not change the temporal distribution. Results show a seasonal shift from mostly spring floods under current conditions (54 spring and 12 winter flood‐days) to almost entirely winter floods in the +4°C warming scenario (5 spring and 83 winter flood‐days), which would disproportionately impact brook trout populations. Given that this change in the timing of floods would probably be combined with greater flood intensity and higher stream temperatures, we argue that warming will likely cause a long‐term decline in brook trout abundance. Conversely, fewer spring floods and potentially decreased competition with brook trout are likely to have a positive impact on the abundance of rainbow trout in Sagehen Creek, although increases in precipitation intensity would negatively impact both species. A shift in the abundance of either species may impact recreational anglers and have resource management implications.
Use of Morphology and Endocrinology to Predict Sex in California Sheephead: Evidence of Altered Timing of Sex Change at Santa Catalina Island, California
Authors: Loke‐Smith Kerri A. , Sundberg Michael A. , Young Kelly A. , Lowe Christopher G. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTo estimate the health of the California sheephead Semicossyphus pulcher fishery, a 2004 stock assessment used available biological data that were collected decades prior to an increase in fishing pressure. However, a recent study has found that sex ratios, growth rates, survivorship, and average sizes of females and males have changed in response to size‐selective fishing in some California sheephead populations. To better understand the potential changes in protogynous California sheephead, this study sought to determine (1) whether external morphology was still an accurate method of predicting sex in sexually dimorphic California sheephead at Santa Catalina Island, California, and (2) whether nonlethal blood sampling and plasma hormone analysis could be used to predict sex for future stock assessments. Sex was determined using gonadal histology and compared with several specific external morphological characters. Estradiol and 11‐ketotestosterone plasma concentrations were also compared across sexed individuals. The rate of error when using external morphology alone to predict sex was 58%. In contrast, sex steroid concentrations varied significantly across sexes; estradiol concentrations were significantly greater in females than in transitioning and male individuals during the breeding season, and 11‐ketotestosterone concentrations were significantly lower among females. Gonadal histology showed that 21% of the fish caught during the breeding season were classified as transitional, in stark contrast to historical data. The inability to accurately predict sex using external morphology alone suggests that commonly used methods of surveying California sheephead populations (e.g., diver surveys) may be inaccurate. Nonlethal blood sampling and subsequent plasma hormone analysis may offer an alternative method for assessing sex in California sheephead. Because California sheephead are not reproductively functional during transition and because we found such a large proportion in transition during the breeding season at Santa Catalina Island, we believe there is a need for continued assessment of the reproductive potential in this population of California sheephead.
Demographics and Parasitism of American Eels in the Chesapeake Bay, USA
Authors: Fenske Kari H. , Secor David H. , Wilberg Michael J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe Chesapeake Bay supports the largest U.S. harvest of American eels Anguilla rostrata, yet little is known about the underlying demographics and production rates that sustain these harvests. Chesapeake Bay subestuaries (Sassafras, Chester, Choptank, Patuxent, Potomac, and James rivers) are expected to provide productive but varying growth habitats for yellow‐stage American eels due to differences in land use, prey availability, and salinity. We compared length, age, growth, mortality, condition, and health (prevalence and incidence of parasitism by the swim bladder nematode Anguillicola crassus) of yellow American eels (n = 850) in the six principal subestuaries. As has been observed for other systems, female American eels in the Chesapeake Bay were larger, older, and heavier and had higher growth rates than male, intersexual, or undifferentiated American eels. Prevalence of male and intersexual individuals in the upper bay region was higher than that in the lower bay and higher than that reported for estuaries in South Carolina, Quebec, and the Hudson River, New York. American eel demographic attributes (gender, length, weight, condition, age, growth, and parasitism) differed substantially among the subestuaries. Individual growth rates ranged from 26.7 to 149.3 mm/year; the Choptank River had the highest mean growth rate (72.7 mm/year), and the Chester River had the lowest (60.2 mm/year). Estimated instantaneous loss rates (0.52–1.01 per year) did not vary systematically among subestuaries. Prevalence of parasitized American eels ranged from 17.8% to 72.0% and was higher in the upper bay subestuaries than in the lower bay. Swim bladder damage and Anguillicola crassus presence were not associated with American eel age or growth rate. In summary, female prevalence, growth rates, and condition were lower and parasite prevalence and intensity were higher in the less‐saline upper bay than in the lower bay, suggesting fundamental differences in the productivity and spawning contributions between these two regions.
Evaluation of Habitat Quality for Stream Salmonids Based on a Bioenergetics Model
Authors: Urabe Hirokazu , Nakajima Miyuki , Torao Mitsuru , Aoyama Tomoya 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe examined the effectiveness of energetic potential (net energy intake [NEI]) estimated from bioenergetics models as an index of habitat quality for stream salmonids in seven streams within four watersheds in Hokkaido, northern Japan. In addition, we confirmed the utility of the NEI as an index of habitat quality by comparing it with several other habitat variables, including pool volume, pool area ratio, and prey density, that are often used as indices of habitat quality for stream salmonids. The mean NEI at each study reach was closely related to salmonid abundance, although the physical environment and drifting prey density differed considerably among study sites. In contrast, the relationships between habitat variables and fish abundance were weaker (drift density) or nonsignificant (pool volume and area). These results suggest that the NEI is more widely applicable as an index of habitat quality for drift‐feeding fish, although its validity should be tested in additional systems.
Genetic Status of Headwater Catfish in Texas and New Mexico: A Perspective from mtDNA and Morphology
Authors: McClure‐Baker Sherri A. , Echelle Anthony A. , van den Bussche Ronald A. , Echelle Alice F. , Hendrickson Dean A. , Garrett Gary P. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCollections of 231 catfish from 34 localities were surveyed for mtDNA (399 base pairs of cytochromeb) and morphological evidence of headwater catfishIctalurus lupusin areas of historical occurrence in Texas and New Mexico. The species is of concern for conservation managers, primarily because of the potential for population losses from competition and hybridization with channel catfishI. punctatus. For cytochromeb, there were two deeply divergent (4.8–6.1%) groups, a channel catfish clade of 14 haplotypes (0.8% to 1.3% divergence) and a headwater catfish clade of two haplotypes (1.0% divergence), associated with morphotypes of channel catfish and headwater catfish, respectively. Morphotypes were based on field identification and a canonical discriminant function utilizing external morphology. All specimens from the Nueces River and the main‐stem Rio Grande and the Pecos River conformed to morphological and mtDNA expectations for channel catfish. Apparently pure populations of headwater catfish were found only in two relatively isolated situations (Rocky Arroyo, New Mexico, and San Solomon Spring, Texas). Additional genetic evidence of headwater catfish was restricted to four populations in streams that are direct tributaries of either the Pecos River or the Rio Grande. Two of these populations (Independence Creek and Dolan Creek—Devils River) were morphologically distinct from, but shifted toward, the morphotype of channel catfish. A third population (Pinto Creek) was morphologically indistinguishable from channel catfish, and individuals from the fourth population (Delaware River) had morphotypes consistent with both species. The Pinto Creek, Independence Creek, and Delaware River populations exhibited mtDNA haplotypes from both species, whereas the Dolan Creek—Devils River population was fixed for a haplotype from the headwater catfish clade. A survey of early collection records tentatively suggests that hybridization between headwater catfish and channel catfish might be a result of relatively recent introduction of the latter to the Rio Grande basin.
Comparison and Validation of Nonlethal Techniques for Estimating Condition in Juvenile Salmonids
Authors: Hanson K. C. , Ostrand K. G. , Gannam A. L. , Ostrand S. L. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractFish proximate composition influences growth, reproduction, and survival and is commonly used to determine physiological condition; however, proximate composition is time‐consuming to measure and typically requires a lethal sample that cannot be analyzed in situ. As a result, researchers are increasingly interested in using nonlethal techniques that are quicker and less expensive to estimate proximate body components in fish. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and microwave energy meters have been used with success on large‐bodied fishes, although no evaluation on small‐bodied Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. has been conducted. We evaluated three nonlethal techniques (BIA, energy meter, and condition factor) as predictors of individual body composition (determined through lethal whole‐body proximate analysis) in juvenile hatchery steelhead O. mykiss (minimum fork length = 138 mm; minimum wet mass = 24.5 g). The BIA values were positively correlated with measured total body water (R2 = 0.77), protein (R2 = 0.74), and ash (R2 = 0.46) in steelhead; energy meter values were positively correlated with total body water (R2 = 0.83). Only condition factor was predictive of total body lipid, and both BIA and energy meter measures reflected somatic energy in muscle tissue rather than the total body energy reserves. Although modification of nonlethal methodologies is still required to generate accurate measures of total body energy reserves, BIA and energy meter technologies provide relatively quick and detailed data on a number of proximate body components without the need to kill the individual fish.
The Americleft Study: An Inter-Center Study of Treatment Outcomes for Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Part 1. Principles and Study Design
Authors: Long Ross E. , Hathaway Ronald , Daskalogiannakis John , Mercado Ana , Russell Kathleen , Cohen Marilyn , Semb Gunvor , Shaw William 
Published: January 2011

Objective The Americleft study is a North American initiative to undertake an intercenter outcome study for patients with repaired complete unilateral cleft lip and palate from five well-established North American cleft centers. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Five cleft palate centers in North America. Methods This is the first paper in a series of five that outlines the overall goals of the study and sets the basis for the clinical outcome studies that are reported in the following four papers. The five centers’ samples and treatment protocols as well as the methods used for each study are reported. The challenges encountered and possible mechanisms to resolve them and reduce methodological error with intercenter studies are also reviewed.
The Americleft Study: An Inter-Center Study of Treatment Outcomes for Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Part 2. Dental Arch Relationships
Authors: Hathaway Ronald , Daskalogiannakis John , Mercado Ana , Russell Kathleen , Long Ross E. , Cohen Marilyn , Semb Gunvor , Shaw William 
Published: January 2011

Objective To compare maxillomandibular relationships for individuals with nonsyndromic complete unilateral cleft lip and palate using the Goslon Yardstick for dental models. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Five cleft palate centers in North America. Subjects A total of 169 subjects with repaired complete unilateral cleft lip and palate who were consecutively treated at the five centers. Methods Ethics approval was obtained. A total of 169 dental models of patients between 6 and 12 years old with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate were assessed using the Goslon Yardstick. Weighted kappa statistics were used to assess intrarater and interrater reliabilities; whereas, analysis of variance and Tukey-Kramer analysis was used to compare the Goslon scores. Significance levels were set at p < .05. Results Intrarater and interrater reliabilities were very good for model ratings. One center that incorporated primary alveolar bone grafting showed especially poor Goslon scores that were significantly poorer than the remaining centers. The surgery protocols used by the other four centers did not include primary alveolar bone grafting but involved a number of different lip and palate closure techniques. Using the Goslon Yardstick assumptions, the center with the best scores would be expected to require end-stage maxillary advancement orthognathic surgery in 20% of its patients; whereas, the center with the worst scores would be likely to require this surgery in 66% of its patients. Conclusions The Goslon Yardstick proved capable of discriminating among the centers’ dental arch relationships. Possible explanations for the differences are discussed.
The Americleft Study: An Inter-Center Study of Treatment Outcomes for Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Part 3. Analysis of Craniofacial Form
Authors: Daskalogiannakis John , Mercado Ana , Russell Kathleen , Hathaway Ronald , Dugas Gregory , Long Ross E. , Cohen Marilyn , Semb Gunvor , Shaw William 
Published: January 2011

Objective To compare craniofacial morphology for individuals with nonsyndromic complete unilateral cleft lip and palate between the ages of 6 and 12 years. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Four North American cleft palate centers. Subjects A total of 148 subjects with repaired complete unilateral cleft lip and palate who were consecutively treated at the four centers. Methods The 148 preorthodontic lateral cephalometric radiographs were scanned, scaled, digitized, and coded to blind the examiners to radiograph origin. On each radiograph, 18 (angular and ratio) cephalometric measurements were performed. Measurement means, by center, were compared using analysis of variance and Tukey-Kramer analysis. Results Significant differences were found for sagittal maxillary prominence among the four centers. The most significant difference was seen between Center B (lowest SNA) and Center C (highest SNA). Similar differences were seen at the soft tissue level, with Center C showing a significantly larger ANB angle compared with Centers B and D. Center C was also shown to have statistically greater mean soft tissue convexity than Centers B, D, and E. The mean nasolabial angle in Center B was significantly more acute than in Centers C, D, and E. No statistically significant differences were seen for mandibular prominence, vertical dimensions, or dental inclinations. Conclusion Significant differences were seen among the centers for hard and soft tissue maxillary prominence, but not for mandibular prominence, vertical dimensions, or dental inclinations. A modest but statistically significant ( p < .001) negative correlation was found between Goslon scores and ANB angle ( r = –.607).
The Americleft Study: An Inter-Center Study of Treatment Outcomes for Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Part 4. Nasolabial Aesthetics
Authors: Mercado Ana , Russell Kathleen , Hathaway Ronald , Daskalogiannakis John , Sadek Hani , Long Ross E. , Cohen Marilyn , Semb Gunvor , Shaw William 
Published: January 2011

Objective To compare the nasolabial aesthetics for individuals with nonsyndromic complete unilateral cleft lip and palate between the ages of 5 and 12 years. Design Retrospective cross-sectional study. Setting Four cleft centers in North America. Subjects A total of 124 subjects with repaired complete unilateral cleft lip and palate who were treated at the four centers. Methods After ethics approval was obtained, 124 preorthodontic frontal and profile patient images were scanned, cropped to show the nose and upper lip, and coded. Using the coded images, four nasolabial features that reflect aesthetics (i.e., nasal symmetry, nasal form, vermilion border, and nasolabial profile) were rated by five examiners using the rating system reported by Asher-McDade et al. (1991) . Intrarater and interrater reliabilities were determined using weighted kappa statistics. Mean ratings, by center, were compared using analysis of variance. Results Intrarater reliability scores were good to very good and interrater reliability scores were moderate to good. Total nasolabial scores were Center B = 2.98, Center C = 3.02, Center D = 2.80, and Center E = 2.87. No statistically significant differences among centers were detected for both total aesthetic scores and for any of the individual aesthetic components. Conclusion There were no significant differences in nasolabial aesthetics among the centers evaluated. Overall good to fair nasolabial aesthetic results were achieved using the different treatment protocols in the four North American centers.