bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of oxidation temperature on the nano crystalline structure of ZrO2 films deposited on silicon and glass substrates
Authors: Larijani M. M. , Najafi D. , Eshghabadi M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractZirconium oxide (ZrO2) films have been prepared by using ex situ thermal oxidation of sputtered Zr films on glass and silicon substrates. XRD patterns show that a highly monoclinic (111) preferential orientation of ZrO2 phase can be formed with increasing the oxidation temperature. According to XRD patterns in all thermal oxidized samples silicon oxide phase is present as interfacial layer at the Zr (ZrO2) / Si (glass) interface. In the case of silicon substrates, crystallite sizes obtained from ZrO2 peak with higher intensity reveal an increase with substrate temperature. AFM measurement shows on the whole a decrease of average surface roughness with oxidation temperature. The electrical property of the prepared films is investigated by means of four point probe measurement. An abrupt increase of sheet resistivity occurs when the crystallinity of ZrO2 phase enhances at higher temperature. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Glycerol Hydrogenolysis Promoted by Supported Palladium Catalysts
Authors: Musolino Maria Grazia , Scarpino Luciano Antonio , Mauriello Francesco , Pietropaolo Rosario 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCatalytic hydrogenolysis, with high conversion and selectivity, promoted by supported palladium substrates in isopropanol and dioxane at a low H2 pressure (0.5 MPa), is reported for the first time. The catalysts, characterized by using BET isotherms, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), temperature‐programmed reduction (TPR), powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), were obtained by coprecipitation and impregnation techniques. The coprecipitation method allows catalysts with a metal–metal or a metal–support interaction to be obtained, which enhances the catalytic performance for both the conversion of glycerol and the selectivity to 1,2‐propanediol. Analogous reactions carried out with catalysts prepared by using impregnation are less efficient. A study of the solvent and temperature effect is also presented. The obtained results allow the hydrogenolysis mechanism to be inferred; this involves both the direct replacement of the carbon‐bonded OH group by an incoming hydrogen or the formation of hydroxyacetone as an intermediate, which subsequently undergoes a hydrogenation process to give 1,2‐propanediol. Finally, catalytic tests on a large‐scale reaction at a higher H2 pressure and recycling of the samples were carried out with the better performing catalysts (Pd/CoO and Pd/Fe2O3 prepared by using coprecipitation) to verify possible industrial achievements.
Ionic Liquid Catalysed Synthesis of β‐Hydroxy Ketones
Authors: Karmee Sanjib Kumar , Hanefeld Ulf 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDifferent acidic ionic liquids (ILs; namely, 1‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1‐methylimidazolium trifluoroacetate, N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone hydrogen sulfate, N,N,N‐trioctyl‐n‐butanesulfonic acid ammonium hydrogen sulfate, 1‐methyl‐3‐(3‐sulfobutyl)imidazolium hydrogen sulfate) and basic ILs (namely, 1,1,3,3‐tetramethylguanidinium lactate and choline hydroxide) were tested as catalysts for the aldol reaction. The choline hydroxide catalysed reaction gave high yield (94.3 %) and selectivity of the 4‐hydroxy‐4‐phenylbutan‐2‐one after a short reaction time (15 min) at 0 °C. This article demonstrates the potential of choline hydroxide, which is a derivative of choline and a naturally occurring water‐soluble essential nutrient, as a highly active and selective green catalyst.
CD133 positive progenitor endothelial cell lines from human cord blood
Authors: Paprocka Maria , Krawczenko Agnieszka , Dus Danuta , Kantor Aneta , Carreau Aude , Grillon Catherine , Kieda Claudine 
Published: June 2011

AbstractEndothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) modulate postnatal vascularization and contribute to vessel regeneration in adults. Stem cells and progenitor cells were found in umbilical cord blood, bone marrow, and mobilized peripheral blood cells, from where they were isolated and cultured. However, the yield of progenitor cells is usually not sufficient for clinical application and the quality of progenitor cells varies. The aim of the study was the immortalization of early progenitor cells with high proliferative potential, capable to differentiate to EPCs and, further, toward endothelial cells. Two cell lines, namely HEPC‐CB.1 and HEPC‐CB.2 (human endothelial progenitor cells—cord blood) were isolated. As assessed by specific antibody labeling and flow cytometric analysis, they express a panel of stem cell markers: CD133, CD13, CD271, CD90 and also endothelial cell markers: CD202b, CD309 (VEGFR2), CD146, CD105, and CD143 but they do not present markers of finally differentiated endothelial cells: CD31, vWf, nor CD45 which is a specific hematopoietic cell marker. Using the multiplex Cytometric Bead Assay, the simultaneous production of proangiogenic cytokines IL8, angiogenin, and VEGF was demonstrated in normoxia and was shown to be increased by hypoxia. Both cell lines, similarly as mature endothelial cells, underwent in vitro pre‐angiogenic process, formed pseudovessel structures and present an accelerated angiogenesis in hypoxic conditions. To date, these are the first CD133 positive established cell lines from human cord blood cells. © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Fine‐needle aspiration diagnosis of metastatic intestinal‐type sinonasal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Singh Charanjeet , Jessurun Jose , Gulbahce H. Evin , Pambuccian Stefan E. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractFine‐needle aspiration biopsy is a reliable and accurate method for the diagnosis of nodal metastases of head and neck cancers. We report the cytopathologic findings of a case of metastatic sinonasal intestinal type adenocarcinoma (ITAC) in a 58‐year‐old man who presented with enlarged cervical lymph nodes on a follow‐up imaging study, 5 months after resection of a sinonasal ITAC. Ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration of the station 2B lymph node yielded moderately cellular smears with abundant background mucin pools, numerous naked, atypical nuclei, and rare cells with signet ring cell morphology. Rare mitoses, apoptotic bodies, and necrotic debris were also present. Occasional clusters of signet ring cells were also seen in the cell block sections. Immunoperoxidase stains showed these cells to be positive for CK20 and villin. The differential diagnosis included a metastatic signet ring cell adenocarcinoma from the gastrointestinal tract and a metastatic sinonasal ITAC. Review of the previously resected sinonasal ITAC revealed a similar morphology with signet ring cells and abundant extracellular mucin production; the immunostaining results were also similar to those obtained on previously resected sinonasal ITAC. This case emphasizes the importance of considering primary head and neck tumors with intestinal phenotype and immunophenotype in the differential diagnoses of cervical lymph node metastases with signet ring cell morphology. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Cytologic features of sclerosing hemangioma of the lung on crush preparations
Authors: Blanco Luis Z. , Heagley Dawn E. , Montebelli Francesco , Gabrielli Eleonora , Reddy Vijaya , Ghai Ritu , Gattuso Paolo 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSclerosing hemangioma of the lung is a rare benign neoplasm. The majority of the literature published on sclerosing hemangioma has focused on the histologic features, while only a few case reports have described the cytologic features. We report two additional cases of sclerosing hemangioma of the lung in which the cytologic material was prepared at the time of frozen section. Because of the rarity of this lesion and the overlapping cytologic features with other primary malignant lung tumors, awareness of the cytologic features of sclerosing hemangioma may help to avoid a diagnosis of malignancy. This is especially true pre‐ and intraoperatively because a limited resection may suffice if a diagnosis of sclerosing hemangioma can be established. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intracellular trafficking in Drosophila visual system development: A basis for pattern formation through simple mechanisms
Authors: Chan Chih‐Chiang , Epstein Daniel , Hiesinger P. Robin 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIntracellular trafficking underlies cellular functions ranging from membrane remodeling to receptor activation. During multicellular organ development, these basic cell biological functions are required as both passive machinery and active signaling regulators. Exocytosis, endocytosis, and recycling of several key signaling receptors have long been known to actively regulate morphogenesis and pattern formation during Drosophila eye development. Hence, intracellular membrane trafficking not only sets the cell biological stage for receptor‐mediated signaling but also actively controls signaling through spatiotemporally regulated receptor localization. In contrast to eye development, the role of intracellular trafficking for the establishment of the eye‐to‐brain connectivity map has only recently received more attention. It is still poorly understood how guidance receptors are spatiotemporally regulated to serve as meaningful synapse formation signals. Yet, the Drosophila visual system provides some of the most striking examples for the regulatory role of intracellular trafficking during multicellular organ development. In this review we will first highlight the experimental and conceptual advances that motivate the study of intracellular trafficking during Drosophila visual system development. We will then illuminate the development of the eye, the eye‐to‐brain connectivity map and the optic lobe from the perspective of cell biological dynamics. Finally, we provide a conceptual framework that seeks to explain how the interplay of simple genetically encoded intracellular trafficking events governs the seemingly complex cellular behaviors, which in turn determine the developmental product. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 71: 1227–1245, 2011
Induction of axon growth arrest without growth cone collapse through the N‐terminal region of four‐transmembrane glycoprotein M6a
Authors: Sato Yasufumi , Mita Sakura , Fukushima Nanae , Fujisawa Hajime , Saga Yumiko , Hirata Tatsumi 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDuring development, axons elongate vigorously, carefully controlling their speed, to connect with their targets. In general, rapid axon growth is correlated with active growth cones driven by dynamic actin filaments. For example, when the actin‐driven tip is collapsed by repulsive guidance molecules, axon growth is severely impaired. In this study, we report that axon growth can be suppressed, without destroying the actin‐based structure or motility of the growth cones, when antibodies bind to the four‐transmembrane glycoprotein M6a concentrated on the growth cone edge. Surprisingly, M6a‐deficient axons grow actively but are not growth suppressed by the antibodies, arguing for an inductive action of the antibody. The binding of antibodies clusters and displaces M6a protein from the growth cone edge membrane, suggesting that the spatial rearrangement of this protein might underlie the unique growth cone behavior triggered by the antibodies. Molecular dissection of M6a suggested involvement for the N‐terminal intracellular domain in this antibody‐induced growth cone arrest. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 71: 733–746, 2011
Neonatal fluoxetine exposure alters motor performances of adolescent rats
Authors: Lee Li‐Jen , Lee Lukas Jyuhn‐Hsiarn 
Published: June 2011

AbstractGrowing evidence from human and animal studies has shown adverse consequences of maternal usage of antidepressants in their newborn babies. To study the effects of early antidepressant exposure on motor function later in life, we treated neonatal rat pups with fluoxetine (FLX), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)‐type antidepressant, from the day of birth to postnatal day 4 and examined motor performance during adolescence. FLX‐treated rats had reduced locomotor activities in an open field and poorer motor performance on an accelerating rotarod compared to the control group of saline‐treated animals. Nevertheless, the poorer motor performance largely improved after repetitive practices. To elucidate the structural alterations in the motor system, we examined the structure of neurons in motor‐related brain regions. The shape, density, and soma size of cerebellar Purkinje cells were comparable in the two groups, however, density of dendritic spine in medial spiny neurons of striatum and Layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the primary motor cortex (M1) were reduced in FLX‐rats. Furthermore, the basilar dendrites in M1 Layer 5 neurons had reduced dendritic complexity than those of the control animals. The impaired dendritic structure in striatal and cortical neurons in FLX‐treated rats might account for their poorer motor performances. Together, the structure and function of the motor system are affected by early FLX exposure, the long‐term effects of early exposure to SSRI‐type antidepressants should be concerned. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2012
Visuospatial information in the retinotectal system of xenopus before correct image formation by the developing eye
Authors: Richards Blake A. , van Rheede Joram J. , Akerman Colin J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe retinotectal pathway of Xenopus laevis is a well‐established experimental model for studying activity‐dependent processes during visual system development. Such processes can be guided by stimulus‐evoked activity patterns, which depend on the refractive characteristics of the eye. Previous work has shown that many animals are hyperopic at early developmental stages due to immature refractive properties. Whether this is also the case for Xenopus laevis is unknown. Here, we measure the focal length of the lens and the size of the eye of embryos at different stages and find that Xenopus laevis exhibits a similar shift from hyperopia to emmetropia. At early stages, immediately after innervation of the tectum by the optic nerve, Xenopus embryos are hyperopic. Soon afterwards the focal length of the lens decreases and the eye converges to a state of emmetropia. Despite being hyperopic we find that some visuospatial information is available to the young circuit. Calculations based on the optical properties of the eye show that even when the animals are hyperopic the blurred retinal image provides a crude spatial resolution. Furthermore, using whole‐cell recordings in the optic tectum combined with visual stimulation through the intact eye, we show that tectal neurons in hyperopic embryos have spatially restricted glutamatergic receptive fields. Our data demonstrate that Xenopus laevis eyes undergo a process of developmental emmetropization, and suggest that despite an initial stage of suboptimal image formation there is potentially enough information to guide activity‐dependent refinements of the retinotectal pathway from the onset of vision. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 72: 507–519, 2012
Zebrafish Tshz3b negatively regulates hox function in the developing hindbrain
Authors: Erickson Timothy , Pillay Laura M. , Waskiewicz Andrew J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn flies, the zinc‐finger protein Teashirt promotes trunk segmental identities, in part, by repressing the expression and function of anterior hox paralog group (PG) 1–4 genes that specify head fates. Anterior‐posterior patterning of the vertebrate hindbrain also requires Hox PG 1–4 function, but the role of vertebrate teashirt‐related genes in this process has not been investigated. In this work, we use overexpression and structure‐function analyses to show that zebrafish tshz3b antagonizes Hox‐dependent hindbrain segmentation. Ectopic Tshz3b perturbs the specification of rhombomere identities and leads to the caudal expansion of r1, the only rhombomere whose identity is specified independently of Hox function. This overexpression phenotype does not require the homeodomain and C‐terminal zinc fingers that are unique to vertebrate Teashirt‐related proteins, but does require that Tshz3b function as a repressor. Together, these results argue that the negative regulation of Hox PG 1–4 function is a conserved characteristic of Teashirt‐related proteins. genesis 49:725–742, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mesenchymal stem cell inhibition of T‐helper 17 cell‐ differentiation is triggered by cell–cell contact and mediated by prostaglandin E2 via the EP4 receptor
Authors: Duffy Michelle M. , Pindjakova Jana , Hanley Shirley A. , McCarthy Cathal , Weidhofer Gudrun A. , Sweeney Eva M. , English Karen , Shaw Georgina , Murphy J. Mary , Barry Frank P. , Mahon Bernard P. , Belton Orina , Ceredig Rhodri , Griffin Matthew D. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) inhibit T‐cell activation and proliferation but their effects on individual T‐cell‐effector pathways and on memory versus naïve T cells remain unclear. MSC influence on the differentiation of naïve and memory CD4+ T cells toward the Th17 phenotype was examined. CD4+ T cells exposed to Th17‐skewing conditions exhibited reduced CD25 and IL‐17A expression following MSC co‐culture. Inhibition of IL‐17A production persisted upon re‐stimulation in the absence of MSCs. These effects were attenuated when cell–cell contact was prevented. Th17 cultures from highly purified naïve‐ and memory‐phenotype responders were similarly inhibited. Th17 inhibition by MSCs was reversed by indomethacin and a selective COX‐2 inhibitor. Media from MSC/Th17 co‐cultures contained increased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels and potently suppressed Th17 differentiation in fresh cultures. MSC‐mediated Th17 inhibition was reversed by a selective EP4 antagonist and was mimicked by synthetic PGE2 and a selective EP4 agonist. Activation‐induced IL‐17A secretion by naturally occurring, effector‐memory Th17 cells from a urinary obstruction model was also inhibited by MSC co‐culture in a COX‐dependent manner. Overall, MSCs potently inhibit Th17 differentiation from naïve and memory T‐cell precursors and inhibit naturally‐occurring Th17 cells derived from a site of inflammation. Suppression entails cell‐contact‐dependent COX‐2 induction resulting in direct Th17 inhibition by PGE2 via EP4.
The extreme plasticity of killer cell Ig‐like receptor (KIR) haplotypes differentiates rhesus macaques from humans
Authors: Blokhuis Jeroen H. , van der Wiel Marit K. , Doxiadis Gaby G. M. , Bontrop Ronald E. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractNK cells are essential in shaping immune responses and play an important role during pregnancy and in controlling infections. Killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIRs) educate the NK cell and determine its state of activation. Our goal was to determine how the KIR repertoire of the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) has been shaped during evolution. The presence or absence of 22 KIR gene groups was determined in 378 animals. Some unexpected observations were made in an outbred colony comprising animals of different origins. For instance, the KIR region appears to be highly plastic, and an unprecedented number of genotypes and haplotypes was observed. In contrast to humans, there is no distinction between group A and B haplotypes in the rhesus macaque, suggesting that different selective forces may be operative. Moreover, specific genes appear to be either present or absent in animals of different geographic origins. This extreme plasticity may have been propelled by co‐evolution with the rhesus macaque MHC class I region, which shows signatures of expansion. The mosaic‐like complexity of KIR genotypes as observed at the population level may represent an effective strategy for surviving epidemic infections.
Anti‐PD‐1 synergizes with cyclophosphamide to induce potent anti‐tumor vaccine effects through novel mechanisms
Authors: Mkrtichyan Mikayel , Najjar Yana G. , Raulfs Estella C. , Abdalla Maher Y. , Samara Raed , Rotem‐Yehudar Rinat , Cook Larry , Khleif Samir N. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractProgrammed death‐1 receptor (PD‐1) is expressed on T cells following TCR activation. Binding of this receptor to its cognate ligands, programmed death ligand (PDL)‐1 and PDL‐2, down‐regulates signals by the TCR, promoting T‐cell anergy and apoptosis, thus leading to immune suppression. Here, we find that using an anti‐PD‐1 antibody (CT‐011) with Treg‐cell depletion by low‐dose cyclophosphamide (CPM), combined with a tumor vaccine, induces synergistic antigen‐specific immune responses and reveals novel activities of each agent in this combination. This strategy led to complete regression of established tumors in a significant percentage of treated animals, with survival prolongation. We show for the first time that combining CT‐011 and CPM significantly increases the number of vaccine‐induced tumor‐infiltrating CD8+ T cells, with simultaneous decrease in infiltrating Treg cells. Interestingly, we find that CT‐011 prolongs Treg‐cell inhibition induced by CPM, leading to a sustainable significant synergistic decrease of splenic and tumor‐infiltrated Treg cells. Surprisingly, we find that the anti‐tumor effect elicited by the combination of CT‐011 and CPM is dependent on both CD8+ and CD4+ T‐cell responses, although the antigen we used is a class I MHC‐restricted peptide. Thus, we describe a novel and effective therapeutic approach by combining multiple strategies to target several tumor‐mediated immune inhibitory mechanisms.
A quantifiable proliferative burst of tissue macrophages restores homeostatic macrophage populations after acute inflammation
Authors: Davies Luke C. , Rosas Marcela , Smith Paul J. , Fraser Donald J. , Jones Simon A. , Taylor Philip R. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMacrophage (MØ) biology is routinely modelled in the peritoneal cavity, a vascular tissue readily infiltrated by leukocytes during inflammation. After several decades of study, no consensus has emerged regarding the importance of in situ proliferation versus peripheral monocyte recruitment for the maintenance of tissue resident MØs. By applying specific measures of mitosis, we have monitored tissue MØ proliferation during newborn development, adulthood and acute resolving inflammation in young adult mice. Despite the vascular nature of the tissue and ease of peripheral leukocyte entry, tissue MØs in the newborn increase in number by local proliferation. On the contrary, in the adult, tissue MØ proliferation is considerably reduced and most likely provides homeostatic control of cell numbers. Importantly, during an acute inflammatory response, when substantial numbers of inflammatory MØs are recruited from the circulation, tissue‐resident MØs survive and then undergo a transient and intense proliferative burst in situ to repopulate the tissue. Our data indicate that local proliferation is a general mechanism for the self‐sufficient renewal of tissue MØs during development and acute inflammation and not one restricted to non‐vascular tissues, which has implications for the therapeutic modulation of MØ activity during the resolution of inflammation.
The Unexpected Formation of MB2 Layers (M = Refractory Metal) on Metal Surfaces
Authors: Friedhoff Wibke , Milke Edgar , Binnewies Michael 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe reactions between refractory metals (Ti, Zr, V, Nb, Ta, Mo, W) and BCl3 vapour at high temperatures have been studied. For this purpose, the metal wires were heated up by an electrical current in a BCl3 atmosphere for a couple of hours. Optical and X‐ray diffraction methods were used to analyze the solid products, whereas mass spectrometry was used to study the gas phase composition. In the reactions with Ti, Zr, V, Nb and Ta, we observed the formation of MB2 layers on the metal surfaces. Molybdenum reacted with formation of MoB, with tungsten no reaction was observed at all. This is contrary to the thermodynamic expectations. The mechanism of the coating process is discussed from a thermodynamic viewpoint.