bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case of maxillary avascular necrosis due to oral bisphosphonates, presenting with signs of malignancy
Authors: Green R , Blackmore K , Robson A 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjective:We report a rare case of avascular necrosis of the maxilla secondary to oral bisphosphonates.Methods:Case report and review of the world literature concerning avascular necrosis as a result of bisphosphonate therapy.Case report:A 62-year-old woman presented with unilateral nasal obstruction, swelling of the cheek and an ulcerating lesion of the upper alveolus. She had a past medical history of osteoporosis, for which she took oral bisphosphonates. Investigation revealed necrosis of the maxilla, and avascular necrosis secondary to oral bisphosphonates was diagnosed.Conclusion:There have been several documented cases of avascular necrosis of the mandible and maxilla following intravenous bisphosphonates or dental procedures. In our case, bisphosphonates were only taken orally and no dental work had been undertaken. This patient's clinical presentation was highly suggestive of malignancy, and we would like to communicate this unusual case to other otolaryngologists.
Influence of compact disk recording protocols on reliability and comparability of speech audiometry outcomes: acoustic analysis
Authors: Di Berardino F , Tognola G , Paglialonga A , Alpini D , Grandori F , Cesarani A 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjective:To assess whether different compact disk recording protocols, used to prepare speech test material, affect the reliability and comparability of speech audiometry testing.Material and methods:We conducted acoustic analysis of compact disks used in clinical practice, to determine whether speech material had been recorded using similar procedures. To assess the impact of different recording procedures on speech test outcomes, normal hearing subjects were tested using differently prepared compact disks, and their psychometric curves compared.Results:Acoustic analysis revealed that speech material had been recorded using different protocols. The major difference was the gain between the levels at which the speech material and the calibration signal had been recorded. Although correct calibration of the audiometer was performed for each compact disk before testing, speech recognition thresholds and maximum intelligibility thresholds differed significantly between compact disks (p < 0.05), and were influenced by the gain between the recording level of the speech material and the calibration signal.Conclusion:To ensure the reliability and comparability of speech test outcomes obtained using different compact disks, it is recommended to check for possible differences in the recording gains used to prepare the compact disks, and then to compensate for any differences before testing.
Incidence of meningitis secondary to suppurative otitis media in adults
Authors: Ibrahim S I , Cheang P P , Nunez D A 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAim:Meningitis is the commonest intracranial complication of suppurative otitis media, and carries the risk of death and life-changing morbidity. This study aimed to estimate the risk of an adult in the UK developing otogenic meningitis.Methods:Adults hospitalised with meningitis in Bristol from 1997 to 2002 were identified retrospectively. Cases confirmed by positive blood culture or cerebrospinal fluid investigation were studied. A case was classified as otogenic if there was coexistent evidence of ear infection.Results:Eighty-seven cases of meningitis were analysed. The overall mortality rate was 5.7 per cent. Acute and chronic suppurative otitis media accounted for 13 and three cases, respectively. The adult population of Bristol at the midpoint of the study was 635 976.Conclusion:In this study, the age-adjusted incidence of otogenic meningitis was 0.42 per 100 000 per year.
The absence of conflict between paid-work hours and the provision of instrumental support to elderly parents among middle-aged women and men
Authors: VAN PUTTEN ANNE E. , VLASBLOM JAN DIRK , DYKSTRA PEARL A. , SCHIPPERS JOOP J. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThis study assesses the relationship between the number of work hours and the provision of instrumental support to parents among 779 middle-aged women and men in dual-worker couples in The Netherlands. Using data from the Netherlands Kinship Panel Study collected during 2002–04, we estimate a simultaneous two-stage probit least-squares model, which takes into account that the competing time and financial demands of a person's engagement in paid work and parental support are endogenous. We explicitly control for the effects of partners' earnings, housework and parent-support contributions, and of co-resident children's time demands and help with domestic tasks. Contrary to expectations, the results do not reveal a conflict between paid work and giving support to parents. Several possible explanations are discussed. The results emphasise the importance of the household context, in that the work hours of both women and men depend on other household members' activities and finances, as does men's provision of parent-support. The striking lack of relationships between women's provision of parental support and any individual and contextual characteristic demonstrates the persistence of gendered roles in family members giving support.
Embedding theorems for tree-free groups
Authors: CHISWELL IAN , MÜLLER THOMAS 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe establish two embedding theorems for tree-free groups. The first result embeds a group G acting freely and without inversions on a Λ-tree X into a group acting freely, without inversions, and transitively on a Λ-tree in such a way that X embeds into by means of a G-equivariant isometry. The second result embeds a group G acting freely and transitively on an ℝ-tree X into (H) for some suitable group H, again in such a way that X embeds G-equivariantly into the ℝ-tree XH associated with (H). The group (H) referred to here belongs to a class of groups introduced and studied by the present authors in [3]. As a consequence of these two theorems, we find that -groups and their associated ℝ-trees are in fact universal for free ℝ-tree actions. Moreover, our first embedding theorem throws light on the question, arising from the results of [7], whether a group endowed with a Lyndon length function L can always be embedded in a length-preserving way into a group with a regular Lyndon length function; modulo an obvious necessary restriction we show that this is indeed the case if L is free.
A bioeconomic optimization approach for rebuilding marine communities: British Columbia case study
Authors: AINSWORTH C. H. , PITCHER T. J. 
Published: May 2010

SUMMARYMany marine ecosystems are depleted of living resources as a result of long-term overexploitation. Restoration plans should perhaps consider the entire ecosystem as opposed to single species, yet there is currently no suitable framework available for the design and comparison of whole-ecosystem restoration trajectories. This paper presents a novel addition to Ecopath with Ecosim's policy search routine, the ‘specific biomass’ objective function, which allows gaming scenarios to be run using selective fishing as a tool to rebuild depleted marine ecosystems or modify them into a preferred state. In this paper, restoration scenarios aimed to restore an ecosystem in Northern British Columbia to a state similar to the historic ecosystem of 1950 AD. Restoration plans that achieve restoration quickly tend to require a large sacrifice in fishery profits, while slower plans allow for continued harvest benefits. A convex relationship between profit and recovered biodiversity suggests that there may be an optimal rate of restoration. Cost-benefit analysis demonstrates that conservative restoration plans can offer a rate of return superior to bank interest when viewed as an investment in natural capital. Increasing the selectivity of fishing gear improves the economic outlook.
The Needs of Aging Parents Caring for an Adult with Acquired Brain Injury
Authors: Minnes Patricia , Woodford Lynn , Carlson Peter , Johnston Jane , McColl Mary Ann 
Published: May 2010

RÉSUMÉCette étude a porté sur des questions d’intérêt pour et au service des besoins des parents plus âgés qui s’occupent d’un fils ou d’une fille adulte avec une lésion cérébrale acquise (LCA) en Ontario. Trois questions ont été identifiées comme particulièrement difficile: le diagnostic de la lésion cérébrale, les sentiments des parents quant à la cause des lésions cérébrales, et le planification d’hébergement à long terme pour leurs membres de familles avec une lésion cérébrale. Les services les plus fréquemment cités pour les besoins d’une personne atteinte de LCA étaient d’ordre social et/ou d’activités de loisirs, programmes de jour, et le placement residentiel. Les services les plus fréquemment cités comme nécessaires par les parents etaient l’éducation des parents et des groupes de soutien. L’information recueillie fournit une base pour d’autres recherches dans d’autres secteurs. Les implications de ces résultats initiaux pour la pratique et la politique clinique et pour le développement du programme sont discutées.
Pathologic Lower Extremity Fractures in Children With Alagille Syndrome
Authors: Bales Christina B , Kamath Binita M , Munoz Pedro S , Nguyen Alexander , Piccoli David A , Spinner Nancy B , Horn David , Shults Justine , Leonard Mary B , Grimberg Adda , Loomes Kathleen M 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTObjectives:In this retrospective study, we aimed to determine the incidence and distribution of fractures in patients with Alagille syndrome, 1 of the leading inherited causes of pediatric cholestatic liver disease.Materials and Methods:Surveys regarding growth, nutrition, and organ involvement were distributed to patient families in the Alagille Syndrome Alliance of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia research database. Patients with a history of fracture were identified by their response to 1 question, and details characterizing each patient's medical, growth, and fracture history were obtained through chart review and telephone contact.Results:Twelve of 42 patients (28%) reported a total of 27 fractures. Patients experienced fractures at a mean age of 5 years, which contrasts with healthy children, in whom fracture incidence peaks in adolescence. Fractures occurred primarily in the lower extremity long bones (70%) and with little or no trauma (84%). Estimated incidence rate calculations yielded 399.6 total fractures per 10,000 person‐years (95% confidence interval 206.5, 698.0) and 127.6 femur fractures per 10,000 person‐years (95% confidence interval 42.4, 297.7). There were no differences in sex, age distribution, or organ system involvement between the fracture and no‐fracture groups.Conclusions:Children with Alagille syndrome may be at risk for pathologic fractures, which manifest at an early age and in a unique distribution favoring the lower extremity long bones. Although this preliminary study is limited by small sample size and potential ascertainment bias, the data suggest that larger studies are warranted to further characterize fracture risk and explore factors contributing to bone fragility in these children.
Quantifying the Labeling and the Levels of Plant Cell Wall Precursors Using Ion Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Alonso Ana P. , Piasecki Rebecca J. , Wang Yan , LaClair Russell W. , Shachar-Hill Yair 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The biosynthesis of cell wall polymers involves enormous fluxes through central metabolism that are not fully delineated and whose regulation is poorly understood. We have established and validated a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method using multiple reaction monitoring mode to separate and quantify the levels of plant cell wall precursors. Target analytes were identified by their parent/daughter ions and retention times. The method allows the quantification of precursors at low picomole quantities with linear responses up to the nanomole quantity range. When applying the technique to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) T87 cell cultures, 16 hexose-phosphates (hexose-Ps) and nucleotide-sugars (NDP-sugars) involved in cell wall biosynthesis were separately quantified. Using hexose-P and NDP-sugar standards, we have shown that hot water extraction allows good recovery of the target metabolites (over 86%). This method is applicable to quantifying the levels of hexose-Ps and NDP-sugars in different plant tissues, such as Arabidopsis T87 cells in culture and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) endosperm tissue, showing higher levels of galacto-mannan precursors in fenugreek endosperm. In Arabidopsis cells incubated with [U-13CFru]sucrose, the method was used to track the labeling pattern in cell wall precursors. As the fragmentation of hexose-Ps and NDP-sugars results in high yields of [PO3]−/or [H2PO4]− ions, mass isotopomers can be quantified directly from the intensity of selected tandem mass spectrometry transitions. The ability to directly measure 13C labeling in cell wall precursors makes possible metabolic flux analysis of cell wall biosynthesis based on dynamic labeling experiments.
Overexpression of Arabidopsis Acyl-CoA Binding Protein ACBP3 Promotes Starvation-Induced and Age-Dependent Leaf Senescence
Authors: Xiao Shi , Gao Wei , Chen Qin-Fang , Chan Suk-Wah , Zheng Shu-Xiao , Ma Jinyu , Wang Mingfu , Welti Ruth , Chye Mee-Len 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, a family of six genes (ACBP1 to ACBP6) encodes acyl-CoA binding proteins (ACBPs). Investigations on ACBP3 reported here show its upregulation upon dark treatment and in senescing rosettes. Transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing ACBP3 (ACBP3-OEs) displayed accelerated leaf senescence, whereas an acbp3 T-DNA insertional mutant and ACBP3 RNA interference transgenic Arabidopsis lines were delayed in dark-induced leaf senescence. Acyl-CoA and lipid profiling revealed that the overexpression of ACBP3 led to an increase in acyl-CoA and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) levels, whereas ACBP3 downregulation reduced PE content. Moreover, significant losses in phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylinositol, and gains in phosphatidic acid (PA), lysophospholipids, and oxylipin-containing galactolipids (arabidopsides) were evident in 3-week-old dark-treated and 6-week-old premature senescing ACBP3-OEs. Such accumulation of PA and arabidopsides (A, B, D, E, and G) resulting from lipid peroxidation in ACBP3-OEs likely promoted leaf senescence. The N-terminal signal sequence/transmembrane domain in ACBP3 was shown to be essential in ACBP3-green fluorescent protein targeting and in promoting senescence. Observations that recombinant ACBP3 binds PC, PE, and unsaturated acyl-CoAs in vitro and that ACBP3 overexpression enhances degradation of the autophagy (ATG)-related protein ATG8 and disrupts autophagosome formation suggest a role for ACBP3 as a phospholipid binding protein involved in the regulation of leaf senescence by modulating membrane phospholipid metabolism and ATG8 stability in Arabidopsis. Accelerated senescence in ACBP3-OEs is dependent on salicylic acid but not jasmonic acid signaling.
Review article: rifaximin, a minimally absorbed oral antibacterial, for the treatment of travellers’ diarrhoea
Authors: LAYER P. , ANDRESEN V. 
Published: May 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 31, 1155–1164SummaryBackground  Travellers’ diarrhoea, a common problem worldwide with significant medical impact, is generally treated with anti‐diarrhoeal agents and fluid replacement. Systemic antibiotics are also used in selected cases, but these may be associated with adverse effects, bacterial resistance and drug–drug interactions.Aim  To review the clinical evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of the minimally absorbed oral antibiotic rifaximin in travellers' diarrhoea.Methods  PubMed and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Clinical Trials (to January 2010) and International Society of Travel Medicine congress abstracts (2003–2009) were searched to identify relevant publications.Results  A total of 10 publications were included in the analysis. When administered three times daily for 3 days, rifaximin is superior to placebo or loperamide; it is at least as effective as ciprofloxacin in reducing duration of illness and restoring wellbeing in patients with travellers' diarrhoea, both with and without identification of a pathogen, as well as in diarrhoea caused by Escherichia coli infection. Rifaximin demonstrates only minimal potential for development of bacterial resistance and for cytochrome P450‐mediated drug–drug interactions, and its tolerability profile is similar to that of placebo.Conclusion  When antibiotic therapy is warranted in uncomplicated travellers' diarrhoea, rifaximin may be considered as a first‐line treatment option because of its favourable efficacy, tolerability and safety profiles.
Quantitative trait loci for organ weights and adipose fat composition in Jersey and Limousin back‐cross cattle finished on pasture or feedlot
Authors: Morris C. A. , Bottema C. D. K. , Cullen N. G. , Hickey S. M. , Esmailizadeh A. K. , Siebert B. D. , Pitchford W. S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA QTL study of live animal and carcass traits in beef cattle was carried out in New Zealand and Australia. Back‐cross calves (385 heifers and 398 steers) were generated, with Jersey and Limousin backgrounds. This paper reports on weights of eight organs (heart, liver, lungs, kidneys, spleen, gastro‐intestinal tract, fat, and rumen contents) and 12 fat composition traits (fatty acid (FA) percentages, saturated and monounsaturated FA subtotals, and fat melting point). The New Zealand cattle were reared and finished on pasture, whilst Australian cattle were reared on grass and finished on grain for at least 180 days. For organ weights and fat composition traits, 10 and 12 significant QTL locations (P < 0.05), respectively, were detected on a genome‐wide basis, in combined‐sire or within‐sire analyses. Seven QTL significant for organ weights were found at the proximal end of chromosome 2. This chromosome carries a variant myostatin allele (F94L), segregating from the Limousin ancestry, and this is a positional candidate for the QTL. Ten significant QTL for fat composition were found on chromosomes 19 and 26. Fatty acid synthase and stearoyl‐CoA desaturase (SCD1), respectively, are positional candidate genes for these QTL. Two FA QTL found to be common to sire groups in both populations were for percentages of C14:0 and C14:1 (relative to all FAs) on chromosome 26, near the SCD1 candidate gene.
Association of CT60 cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 gene polymorphism with thyroid autoantibody production in patients with Hashimoto's and postpartum thyroiditis
Authors: Zaletel K , Krhin B , Gaberšček S , Biček A , Pajič T , Hojker S 
Published: May 2010

Summary
Strong genetic contribution has been demonstrated to influence the development of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) as well as thyroid autoantibody production. In order to assess the relation between CT60 cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) gene polymorphism and thyroid autoantibody production, we investigated 180 consecutive newly diagnosed patients with two forms of AITD, 105 with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and 75 with postpartum thyroiditis (PPT). We evaluated thyroid function, measured antibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin (Tg), and determined CT60 CTLA-4 gene polymorphism. In HT, TPO antibody median value was significantly lower in the AA compared to the AG and GG genotypes (65, 122 and 319 U/ml, P &lt; 0.005), while the Tg antibody median value was lower in the AA compared to the AG genotype (91 and 189 U/ml, P &lt; 0.02). In PPT, the frequency of thyroid autoantibody-positive patients was higher among G-allele-carrying genotypes (P &lt; 0.04). Similar to HT, the TPO antibody median value was lower in the AA compared to the AG and GG genotypes (12, 130 and 423 U/ml, P &lt; 0.006). Hypothyroid PPT patients were more often thyroid autoantibody-positive (P &lt; 0.005) and the TPO antibody median value was higher compared to hyperthyroid PPT patients (500 and 32 U/ml, P &lt; 0.0001). The frequency of the G-allele was significantly higher among hypothyroid patients (P &lt; 0.05). Our data suggest that in both HT and PPT, the CT60 CTLA-4 gene polymorphism contributes importantly to thyroid autoantibody production. In PPT, the genotype also seems to influence thyroid function, as patients with the polymorphous allele are more prone to develop hypothyroid form of PPT.
The effects of fertilization with anaerobic, composted and pelletized sewage sludge on soil, tree growth, pasture production and biodiversity in a silvopastoral system under ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.)
Authors: Rigueiro‐Rodríguez A. A. , Ferreiro‐Domínguez N. , Mosquera‐Losada M. R. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn silvopastoral systems, tree growth and the composition and productivity of pasture can be modified by management practices such as initial fertilization when tree seedlings are more sensitive to understorey competition. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of fertilization with different types of sewage sludge (anaerobic sludge, composted sludge and pelletized sludge), using different rates of incorporation and mineralization with traditional treatments (with and without mineral fertilizers) on the growth of newly established ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) and on pasture development, to obtain sustainable management practices that enhance the growth of both components. Soil characteristics, tree growth, sward composition and pasture development were modified differently according to the type of sewage sludge used, and for similar total nitrogen inputs. Anaerobic sludge had a higher initial effect on both tree and pasture productivity. Pelletized sludge sustained better tree and pasture production. Composted sludge was found to be the most appropriate treatment for improving soil characteristics over the long term on sandy soils. It was concluded that pelletized sludge should be promoted because it enhances productivity, allows for better nutrient recovery and is less costly to store and apply compared with anaerobic sludge and composted sludge. No toxic concentrations of Zn or Cu were found in plants or in the soil despite higher concentrations being present in the applied sludge than in soil.