bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncovering spatiotemporal dynamics of the corticothalamic network at ictal onset
Authors: Panchavati Saarang , Daida Atsuro , Edmonds Benjamin , Miyakoshi Makoto , Oana Shingo , Ahn Samuel S. , Arnold Corey , Salamon Noriko , Sankar Raman , Fallah Aria , Speier William , Nariai Hiroki 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveAlthough the clinical efficacy of deep brain stimulation targeting the anterior nucleus (AN) and centromedian nucleus (CM) of the thalamus has been actively investigated for the treatment of medication‐resistant epilepsy, few studies have investigated dynamic ictal changes in corticothalamic connectivity in human electroencephalographic (EEG) recording. This study aims to establish the complex spatiotemporal dynamics of the ictal corticothalamic network associated with various seizure foci.MethodsWe analyzed 10 patients (aged 2.7–28.1 years) with medication‐resistant focal epilepsy who underwent stereotactic EEG evaluation with thalamic sampling. We examined both undirected and directed connectivity, incorporating coherence and spectral Granger causality analysis (GCA) between the diverse seizure foci and thalamic nuclei (AN and CM) at ictal onset.ResultsIn our analysis of 36 seizures, coherence between seizure onset and thalamic nuclei increased across all frequencies, especially in slower bands (delta, theta, alpha). GCA showed increased information flow from seizure onset to the thalamus across all frequency bands, but outflows from the thalamus were mainly in slower frequencies, particularly delta. In the subgroup analysis based on various seizure foci, the delta coherence showed a more pronounced increase at CM than at AN during frontal lobe seizures. Conversely, in limbic seizures, the delta coherence increase was greater at AN compared to CM.SignificanceIt appears that the delta frequency plays a pivotal role in modulating the corticothalamic network during seizures. Our results underscore the significance of comprehending the spatiotemporal dynamics of the corticothalamic network at ictal onset, and this knowledge could guide personalized responsive neuromodulation treatment strategies.
Blood flow restriction training does not negatively alter the mechanical strength or histomorphology of uninjured equine superficial digital flexor tendons
Authors: Johnson Sherry A. , Sikes Katie J. , Johnson James W. , Van Zeeland Emily , Wist Sara , Santangelo Kelly S. , King Melissa R. , Frisbie David D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundLow load exercise training with blood flow restriction (BFR) has become increasingly used by human physical therapists to prescribe controlled exercise following orthopaedic injury; its effects on the equine superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT), however, are unknown.ObjectiveTo investigate outcomes of pressure specific BFR walking exercise on uninjured equine SDFT biomechanics and histomorphology.Study designControlled in vivo experiment.MethodsFour forelimbs of four horses were exposed to 40 BFR‐walk sessions (10‐min interval walking) on a treadmill over a 56‐day study period with their contralateral forelimbs serving as untreated controls. Similarly, four forelimbs of four control horses were exposed to 40 sham cuff walk sessions. On study Day 56, all horses (n = 8) were humanely euthanised and forelimb SDFTs underwent non‐destructive biomechanical testing and corresponding histomorphological analysis. Significance in biomechanical parameters between treatment groups was analysed using a mixed‐effects ANOVA with Tukey's post‐hoc tests.ResultsStatistically significant differences in SDFT stiffness for both first (p = 0.02) and last cycles (p = 0.03) were appreciated within the BFR treated group only, with BFR exposed forelimbs being significantly stiffer than the contralateral unexposed forelimbs. When normalised to cross‐sectional area, no significant differences were appreciated among treatment groups in elastic modulus for the first (p = 0.5) or last cycles (p = 0.4). No histological differences were appreciated among treatment groups according to Bonar, Movin, or musculotendinous junction evaluation criteria.Main limitationsShort‐term comparisons were performed in a small sample population without correlation to performance outcome measures. Optimal occlusion percentages and walk protocols remain unknown.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated no negative impact of BFR on mechanical strength of the equine SDFT; however, evidence suggests that BFR results in increased tendon stiffness based on biomechanical testing and subsequent calculations. No consistent detrimental histomorphological changes were seen.
An automated learning model for twitter sentiment analysis using Ranger AdaBelief optimizer based Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory
Authors: Natarajan Sasirekha , Kurian Smitha , Bidare Divakarachari Parameshachari , Falkowski‐Gilski Przemysław 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSentiment analysis is an automated approach which is utilized in process of analysing textual data to describe public opinion. The sentiment analysis has major role in creating impact in the day‐to‐day life of individuals. However, a precise interpretation of text still relies as a major concern in classifying sentiment. So, this research introduced Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory with Ranger AdaBelief Optimizer (Bi‐LSTM RAO) to classify sentiment of tweets. Initially, data is obtained from Twitter API, Sentiment 140 and Stanford Sentiment Treebank‐2 (SST‐2). The raw data is pre‐processed and it is subjected to feature extraction which is performed using Bag of Words (BoW) and Term Frequency‐Inverse Document Frequency (TF‐IDF). The feature selection is performed using Gazelle Optimization Algorithm (GOA) which removes the irrelevant or redundant features that maximized model performance and classification is performed using Bi LSTM–RAO. The RAO optimizes the loss function of Bi‐LSTM model that maximized accuracy. The classification accuracy of proposed method for Twitter API, Sentiment 140 and SST 2 dataset is obtained as 909.44%, 99.71% and 99.86%, respectively. These obtained results are comparably higher than ensemble framework, Robustly Optimized BERT and Gated Recurrent Unit (RoBERTa‐GRU), Logistic Regression‐Long Short Term Memory (LR‐LSTM), Convolutional Bi‐LSTM, Sentiment and Context Aware Attention‐based Hybrid Deep Neural Network (SCA‐HDNN) and Stochastic Gradient Descent optimization based Stochastic Gate Neural Network (SGD‐SGNN).
A combined model of serum neutrophil extracellular traps, CD8+ T cells, and tumor proportion score provides better prediction of PD‐1 inhibitor efficacy in patients with NSCLC
Authors: Guo Jian , Shu Tingting , Zhang Hao , Huang Nan , Ren Junxi , Lin Li , Wu Jianhua , Wang Yuanyuan , Huang Zhenhua , Bin Jianping , Liao Yulin , Shi Min , Liao Wangjun , Huang Na 
Published: April 2024

Immune checkpoint inhibitors provide a definite survival benefit for patients with driver‐negative advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but predictors of efficacy are still lacking. There may be a relationship between immune inflammatory state and tumor immune response. We explored the relationship of serum neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) with infiltrating cells in the tumor tissues of patients with NSCLC as well as their relationship with the therapeutic efficacy of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) inhibitors. Serum myeloperoxidase (MPO)‐double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) was detected as a marker of NET serum concentration. T cells were detected by immunohistochemical staining, and neutrophils were counted by MPO immunofluorescence staining. Of the 31 patients with NSCLC, a longer progression‐free survival after PD‐1 inhibitor treatment was associated with higher levels of CD3+ T cells, a lower neutrophil : CD3+‐T‐cell ratio (NEU/CD3+) and lower neutrophil : CD8+‐T‐cell ratio (NEU/CD8+) in tumor tissues. Patients with higher serum NETs were more likely to develop progressive disease after treatment (P = 0.003) and to have immune‐related adverse events (IrAEs) as well as higher NEU/CD3+ and NEU/CD8+. The combined model of serum NETs, CD8+ T cells, and tumor proportion score (TPS) significantly improved the prediction of PD‐1 inhibitor efficacy [P = 0.033; area under the curve (AUC) = 0.881]. Our results indicate that serum NETs are effective predictors of PD‐1 inhibitor response and reflect the tissue neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and IrAE levels. The combined model of serum NETs, CD8+ T cells, and TPS is a powerful tool for predicting the efficacy of PD‐1 inhibitor treatment in patients with NSCLC.
A study of shot peening and spinning rolling on fatigue of Al 7075 alloy samples
Authors: Guan Y. , Zhang Z. J. , Gong B. S. , Wang H. W. , Shao C. W. , Liu R. , Hou J. P. , Li X. T. , Zhao Z. K. , Sheinerman A. G. , Zhang Z. F. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSurface mechanical strengthening is an effective way to improve the fatigue performance, among which surface rolling has been vastly utilized for its significant enhancement in fatigue strength. However, traditional rolling process is only suitable for components with rotational symmetry, limiting its application. Herein, a newly developed technology named “spinning rolling (SR)” was developed to strengthen the surfaces of platy components. A common Al alloy, 7075, was selected for verifying the effect. It is found that compared with the most popular technology, shot peening (SP), SR can provide deeper and higher residual stress, lower surface roughness, and comparable hardening layer, and consequently, significantly higher fatigue lives. Accordingly, there is a transition in the fatigue crack source from point‐like to line‐like, confirming a strong crack propagation resistance along depth direction. This study indicates the advantages of the SR technology, providing a greater resistance against fatigue damage of platy components.
Green synthesis of highly active and recyclable chromium oxide nanocatalyst for biodiesel production from novel nonedible oil seeds
Authors: Bibi Hadiqa , Ahmad Mushtaq , Osman Ahmed I. , Alsahli Abdulaziz Abdullah , Munir Mamoona , Al‐Muhtaseb Ala’a H. , Rooney David W. , Sultana Shazia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study explores the sustainable production of biodiesel from nonedible Phyllanthus maderaspatensis seed oil (highest oil content of 35%, FFA 0.87 mg/KOH), utilizing an innovative green synthesis approach for chromium oxide nanoparticles derived from the waste fruit parts of Aubergine for the very first time in the current work. In pursuit of alternatives to fossil fuels, our research underscores the environmental and socio‐economic benefits of biofuels, particularly in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The optimized process yielded a 92% biodiesel conversion under conditions of a 9:1 methanol‐to‐oil ratio, 0.135 wt.% catalyst concentration, and a reaction duration of 150 min at 80°C. Comprehensive analysis techniques, including XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDX, Zeta analysis, differential reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), GC–MS, and NMR (1H, 13C), were employed to characterize the synthesized nanocatalyst and biodiesel product. The biodiesel's fuel properties, such as acid value, fire point, pour point, viscosity, kinematic density, sulfur content, and cloud point, were rigorously tested, demonstrating compliance with international standards (ASTM D‐6571, EN 14214, and GB/T 20828‐2007). The use of P. maderaspatensis seed oil, an economical and environmentally friendly feedstock, in conjunction with a cost‐effective nanocatalyst, presents a viable pathway for the sustainable and scalable production of biodiesel. This study contributes to the advancement of bioproducts for a sustainable bioeconomy by demonstrating an integrated approach to bioenergy production that leverages biotechnological innovations and addresses both environmental and socio‐economic dimensions.
Influence of polycarbosilane composition on the properties of SiC/SiC composite fabricated by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis process
Authors: Chen Yi , Chen Mingwei , Xie Weijie , Luo Wendong , Zhang Qiyue , Qiu Haipeng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA series of SiC/SiC composites were fabricated through the precursor infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) process, using solid polycarbosilane (PCS) and liquid vinyl perhydrogen PCS (VHPCS) solutions as impregnating agents. The physicochemical characteristics of the SiC matrices derived from PCS and VHPCS were investigated and compared. The impact of the PCS composition on the microstructure, density, flexural strength, and modulus of the resulting SiC/SiC composites was also examined. As the VHPCS content increased to 60 wt%, the flexural strength of the composites gradually rose to a peak of 490.9 MPa before decreasing as the VHPCS proportion continued to increase. Meanwhile, the flexural modulus increased continually with the introduction of VHPCS. A possible mechanism is proposed to explain the different variations in flexural strength and modulus, taking into account the ceramic toughening principle and the distinct properties of PCS and VHPCS.
Exploring the perception of small and medium food enterprises in Lincolnshire, UK on the use of front‐of‐pack nutrition labels by consumers
Authors: Ogundijo Daniel A. , Tas Ayten A. , Onarinde Bukola A. 
Published: April 2024

SummaryThe food and drink industry is the UK's largest manufacturing sector, and small to medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) play a key role in the UK's food system. This study investigates food‐providing SMEs' knowledge of nutrition labels and perceptions of the use of front‐of‐pack nutrition labels in making informed and healthy food choices by consumers. The SMEs were based in Lincolnshire, UK, and comprised food manufacturers (75%), food retailers (14%) and food service providers (11%) (n = 35). A 25‐item questionnaire was developed and validated to collect responses. The questionnaire link was disseminated by email and completed online. Comparisons were made between competing answers using Cochran's Q tests, each with post‐hoc pairwise McNemar test comparisons. Confidence intervals were computed using ordinal regressions. More than half of the SMEs' products (58%) had UK traffic light (TL) colour‐coded schemes and % Guideline Daily Amounts (GDAs). The SMEs stated that the TL label was the best format that provided ‘at‐a‐glance’ information, and this was significantly higher than %GDA and interpretative text (Ps < 0.003). Nearly 49% of the SMEs were unaware of the front‐of‐pack labels being not mandatory in the United Kingdom. Many (86%) acknowledged that the nutrition information on food products was helpful or very helpful for consumers in making purchasing decisions. The SMEs seemed to place the costs of implementing FOP labels on food products above their helpfulness in making healthier food decisions by consumers. This research is one of the first to investigate the perceptions of SMEs on how consumers utilise nutrition labels when making healthier food choices in the United Kingdom. Government subsidies on the costs incurred by incorporating TL labelling on the products are necessary in order to have front of pack (FOP) labels mandatory in the United Kingdom. Greater food industry involvement in academic and policy‐related research is essential to creating a healthier and more sustainable food environment.
Prediction of resting energy expenditure for adolescents with severe obesity: A multi‐centre analysis
Authors: Rydin Amy A. , Severn Cameron , Pyle Laura , Morelli Nazeen , Shoemaker Ashley H. , Chung Stephanie T. , Yanovski Jack A. , Han Joan C. , Higgins Janine A. , Nadeau Kristen J. , Fox Claudia , Kelly Aaron S. , Cree Melanie G. 
Published: April 2024

SummaryBackground and ObjectivesResting energy expenditure (REE) assessments can help inform clinical treatment decisions in adolescents with elevated body mass index (BMI), but current equations are suboptimal for severe obesity. We developed a predictive REE equation for youth with severe obesity and obesity‐related comorbidities and compared results to previously published predictive equations.MethodsData from indirect calorimetry, clinical measures, and body composition per Dual x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) were collected from five sites. Data were randomly divided into development (N = 438) and validation (N = 118) cohorts. A predictive equation was developed using Elastic Net regression, using sex, race, ethnicity, weight, height, BMI percent of the 95th%ile (BMIp95), waist circumference, hip circumference, waist/hip ratio, age, Tanner stage, fat and fat‐free mass. This equation was verified in the validation cohort and compared with 11 prior equations.ResultsData from the total cohort (n = 556, age 15 ± 1.7 years, 77% female, BMIp95 3.3 ± 0.94) were utilized. The best fit equation was REE = −2048 + 18.17 × (Height in cm) – 2.57 × (Weight in kg) + 7.88 × (BMIp95) + 189 × (1 = male, 0 = female), R2 = 0.466, and mean bias of 23 kcal/day.ConclusionThis new equation provides an updated REE prediction that accounts for severe obesity and metabolic complications frequently observed in contemporary youth.
Treatment of periorbital veins with vascular laser: A systematic review and retrospective case series
Authors: Mandavia Rishi , Ahmed Muhammad , Parmar Dilen , Cariati Massimiliano , Shahidi Sepideh , Lapa Tatiana 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionVascular lasers may represent a promising treatment option for periorbital veins. This article aims to: (1) systematically review the literature on the safety and effectiveness of vascular laser treatment for periorbital veins and (2) assess safety and effectiveness through a retrospective case series.MethodsSystematic review: Articles that assessed the safety and effectiveness of vascular laser treatment for periorbital veins were included and quality assessed using the Downs and Black checklist.Case series: Patient records were retrospectively reviewed from January 2020 to November 2023 to identify all patients who underwent laser treatment for periorbital veins.Outcomes assessment included percentage improvement, patient overall satisfaction and adverse effects.ResultsSystematic review: Three articles were included, discussing treatment of blue, periorbital veins using a 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser. Patient Fitzpatrick skin Types I–IV were treated with high patient satisfaction rates and complete clearance of treated veins. Adverse effects included pain, erythema, mild oedema, urticaria and blister formation. Quality of included studies ranged from 7 to 14 out of 21 points.Case series: Thirty‐four patients with skin Types I–V were included. Blue and red periorbital veins were treated using 1064 and 532 nm wavelengths respectively. Mean percentage improvement was 4.8 (complete resolution) and patients' overall satisfaction was ranked 3 (completely satisfied). Adverse effects included erythema, oedema, and bruising.ConclusionTreatment of red and blue periorbital veins using 532 and 1064 nm vascular lasers appears a safe treatment option. The procedure has a short recovery time, with patients able to resume normal activities within 1 day of treatment.
Risk predictors of glycaemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gangqiang Gao , Hua Chen , Hongyu Sun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo conduct systematic evaluation of the risk predictors of glycaemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.MethodsCohort studies on risk predictors of glycaemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes were retrieved from CNKI, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase databases, etc. from the construction of the repository to 3 February 2023. Literature screening was conducted according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, then data extraction of region, sample size, age, follow‐up time, risk predictors, outcome indicators, etc., and quality evaluation of The Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale were conducted by two researchers while the third researcher makes decisions if there are disagreements. Finally, Revman5.4 and StataMP17 were used for meta‐analysis.ResultsA total of 29 studies were included, and the results showed that insulin pump [Weighed mean difference (WMD) = −.48, 95% CI (−.73, −.24), p < .01], high‐frequency sensor monitoring, early use of insulin pumps, prospective follow‐up male, white race, large body mass index‐standardised scoring, conscientiousness, agreeableness of mothers, eicosapentaenoic acid, leucine and protein (p < .05) were beneficial for reducing HbA1c levels in children and adolescents with diabetes. Ketoacidosis [WMD = .39, 95% CI (.28, .50), p < .01], selective admission, higher HbA1c level at one time (p < .01), higher glutamate decarboxylase antibody at 1 month after diagnosis, lower socio‐economic status, non‐living with biological parents, non‐two‐parent family, family disorder, family history of diabetes and high carbohydrate intake (p < .05) increased HbA1c levels in children and adolescents with diabetes.ConclusionFor children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus, the use of insulin pump, high‐frequency sensor monitoring, prospective follow‐up, good family support and reasonable diet are conducive to blood glucose control, while selective admission and DKA are not. Disease characteristics and demographic characteristics of children are closely related to subsequent blood glucose control, and the relationship between diagnosis age and blood glucose control needs to be further explored.
Relatives' needs in terms of bereavement care throughout euthanasia processes: A qualitative study
Authors: Boven Charlotte , Dillen Let , Van Humbeeck Liesbeth , Van Den Block Lieve , Piers Ruth , Van Den Noortgate Nele 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimTo explore relatives' needs in terms of bereavement care during euthanasia processes, how healthcare providers respond to these needs, and the degree of commonality between relatives' and healthcare providers' reports.DesignA phenomenological design was employed, utilising reflexive thematic analysis to examine interviews conducted with relatives (N = 19) and healthcare providers (N = 47).ResultsRelatives' needs throughout euthanasia processes are presented in five main themes and several subthemes, with similar findings between both sets of participants. Although relatives infrequently communicated their needs explicitly to healthcare providers, they appreciated it when staff proactively met their needs. Healthcare providers aimed to assist with the relatives' grief process by tending to their specific needs. However, aftercare was not consistently offered, but relatives did not have high expectations for professional follow‐up care.ConclusionOur research offers important directions for healthcare professionals, empowering them to provide needs‐based bereavement care during euthanasia processes. Moreover, it emphasises the importance of recognising the unique needs of relatives and proactively addressing them in the period before the loss to positively contribute to relatives' grief process.Implications for the profession and/or patient careInsights into relatives' needs in the context of euthanasia. Good practices on how healthcare providers can attend to relatives' needs before, during and after the lossImpactCurrent literature and guidelines on needs‐based bereavement care in the context of euthanasia and, more generally, assisted dying, are limited. These findings provide concrete directions for practice in supporting (nearly) bereaved relatives in the context of euthanasia, potentially mitigating adverse health outcomes.Reporting methodStandards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR checklist).Patient or Public contributionRelatives of deceased cancer patients were involved in the conduct of the study.