bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Voltage Pulsed Electric Fields and pH Shift Process for Protein and Solute Release from Gracilaria sp., Red Edible Seaweed
Authors: Kashyap Mrinal , Ghosh Supratim , Levkov Klimentiy , Livney Yoav D. , Israel Álvaro , Golberg Alexander 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study proposes a process based on the application of high-voltage pulsed electric field (PEF) in combination with pH shift for protein and solute release from fresh edible seaweed from Gracilaria sp.. The PEF was administered using a custom-made generator within and electroporation cell with sliding electrodes. The applied PEF parameters comprised 1000 V applied voltage, 50 µs pulse duration, 200 pulses delivered at 3 Hz frequency, and an inter-electrode gap ranging from 3.9 to 4.4 mm. The pH shift extraction was performed through a combination of fractions extracted sequentially at pH-shift steps spanning the pH range of 1 to 12. Both PEF and pH played pivotal roles in the fractionation of Gracilaria sp., enhancing protein release compared to water extraction, PEF pre-treatment, or pH shift alone. The combination of PEF and sequential pH washes (pH 1 to 12) resulted in a total solute release of 9.61 ± 0.04% and protein release of 28.02 ± 0.2% with essential amino acid (EAA) content of 63.6 ± 5.3%, and branched amino acids (BCAA) content of 3.47 ± 0.06%. It is noteworthy that PEF significantly increased the EAA and BCAA content of the protein extracts, irrespective of pH shifts. These findings underscore the promising potential of PEF pre-treatment in extracting proteins from edible seaweeds.
Rethinking Health Recommender Systems for Active Aging: An Autonomy-Based Ethical Analysis
Authors: Tiribelli Simona , Calvaresi Davide 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHealth Recommender Systems are promising Articial-Intelligence-based tools endowing healthy lifestyles and therapy adherence in healthcare and medicine. Among the most supported areas, it is worth mentioning active aging. However, current HRS supporting AA raise ethical challenges that still need to be properly formalized and explored. This study proposes to rethink HRS for AA through an autonomy-based ethical analysis. In particular, a brief overview of the HRS’ technical aspects allows us to shed light on the ethical risks and challenges they might raise on individuals’ well-being as they age. Moreover, the study proposes a categorization, understanding, and possible preventive/mitigation actions for the elicited risks and challenges through rethinking the AI ethics core principle of autonomy. Finally, elaborating on autonomy-related ethical theories, the paper proposes an autonomy-based ethical framework and how it can foster the development of autonomy-enabling HRS for AA.
Waste Work in the Global South: Exploring Activity Theory as a Framework for Understanding Distributed Roles of Intermediaries in Cape Town’s Urban Waste Economy
Authors: Goeiman Johnathan , Rink Bradley 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Waste work in cities of the Global South is arranged with myriad actors, both formal and informal, who individually and collectively, and to varying capacities, play a distinctive yet interconnected role in the urban waste economy. These roles are interrelated and involve the management, movement and monetisation of recyclable waste. However, given the complexity of infrastructure(s), technology as well as urban socio-spatial stratification within contexts of the Global South, conventional frameworks that seek to explain waste work have limited capacity in delineating the varying role(s) of actors within a community of practice and how these roles are continuously changing through mutual interconnections and adaptation. This article explores Activity Theory as a framework for understanding how the role(s) of actors are continuously negotiated through mediating factors such as (i) technology/infrastructure; (ii) rules and regulations; (iii) community of actors and (iv) the division of labour. This article draws on an ethnographic case of intermediary waste workers within Cape Town’s urban waste economy, and rather than focussing on the role of individual actor(s) as (an) isolated element(s), this article embeds their individual roles in relation to a composite network of actors. The results of this article demonstrate how the role(s) of actors doing waste work are non-linear and are continuously mediated through their relations with technology, infrastructure and their interconnections with other actors. Moreover, this article provides holistic insight into new forms of knowledge production through waste work in the Global South, collaboration among myriad actors and the development of common consciousness toward the transformation and valorisation of waste.
Becoming Wanghong: How Foreigners Achieve Internet Celebrity in China
Authors: Sullivan Jonathan , Wang Weixiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe burgeoning internet celebrity industry in China has encouraged the emergence of foreign wanghong (洋网红) as active content producers on the Chinese internet. Achieving online fame and constructing a resonant personal brand while staying within Chinese state’s permissible boundaries is a challenge for all internet influencers in China. Foreign wanghong, for their part, also have to deal with Chinese publics’ ambivalence and fluctuating perspectives on engaging foreign culture, expectations around “being foreign” and cultural nationalism fed by the currents of geopolitics. This study focuses on the performance and personas of foreign wanghong and investigates how these creators navigate the complexities of the Chinese internet to achieve substantial followings. Going beyond treating foreign participants in Chinese digital media spaces as co-opted instruments of propaganda, we take seriously foreign creators’ articulations, constructions and self-presentations of foreignness and acculturation in their efforts to earn social, cultural and economic capital in the competitive Chinese internet celebrity sphere. A mixed-method content analytical study of several hundred Douyin videos generated by 33 foreign wanghong reveals the adoption of calculated self-presentation and cross-cultural communication skills alongside a constant negotiation of an individual’s own foreignness and local constructs of the “typical foreigner”.
Framing the fourth sector – dystopia or future contours?
Authors: Ferreira Marisa R. , Braga Vítor , Sánchez-Hernández María Isabel , Gomes Joana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNowadays, society faces complex social, economic, and environmental problems which the traditional sectors of activity (public, private and third sector) are not able to solve alone. To respond to these challenges, their missions and strategies have been converging, leading to a phenomenon known as the blurring of boundaries between sectors. Together, they give rise to a new and promising sector in society: the fourth sector. The literature on this new sector is still scarce, even though its impact is already being felt all over the world. The concept of the fourth sector is in itself broad and clearly lacking defined borders. In addition, there are three currents in the literature that use this term with different meanings.This paper aims to contribute to the theoretical knowledge on the fourth sector by clarifying its definition and framing its activity. A qualitative methodology was carried out by using the papers featuring the topic “fourth sector”, indexed to the Web of Science, to generate a textual corpus that led to a similarity analysis. Subsequently, written interviews were conducted with seven academic specialists on the fourth sector topic, selected through the snowball sampling method, to complete the data obtained through the literature review. These data were added to the initial textual corpus, and a new similarity analysis was generated. It is concluded that the fourth sector as a spectrum of hybrid organizations is currently the most accepted approach, and the existence of an activity that combines a business framework with a social purpose seems to be its main characteristic. So, the main implication is related with significant opportunities that have yet to be fully explored, considering the extensive rise of the fourth sector.
A novel nomogram and survival analysis for different lymph node status in breast cancer based on the SEER database
Authors: Teng Lizhi , Du Juntong , Yan Shuai , Xu Peng , Liu Jiangnan , Zhao Xinyang , Tao Weiyang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The axillary lymph node status (ALNS) and internal mammary lymph nodes (IMLN) expression associated with breast cancer are closely linked to prognosis. This study aimed to establish a nomogram to predict survival at 3, 5, and 10 years in patients with various lymph node statuses.

Methods
We obtained data from patients with breast cancer between 2004 and 2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER database). Chi-square analysis was performed to test for differences in the pathological characteristics of the groups, and Kaplan–Meier analysis and the log-rank test were used to plot and compare the correlation between overall survival (OS) and breast cancer specific survival (BCSS). The log-rank test was used for the univariate analysis, and statistically significant characteristics were included in the multivariate and Cox regression analyses. Finally, Independent factor identification was included in constructing the nomogram using R studio 4.2.0; area under curve (AUC) values were calculated, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration, and decision curve analysis (DCA) curves were plotted for evaluation.

Results
A total of 279,078 patients were enrolled and analysed, demonstrating that the isolated tumour cells (ITC) group had clinicopathological characteristics similar to those of micrometastases (Mic). Multivariate analysis was performed to identify each subgroup's independent risk factors and construct a nomogram. The AUC values were 74.7 (95% CI 73.6–75.8), 72.8 (95% CI 71.9–73.8), and 71.2 (95% CI 70.2–72.2) for 3-, 5-, and 10-year OS, respectively, and 82.2 (95% CI 80.9–83.6), 80.1 (95% CI 79.0–81.2), and 75.5 (95% CI 74.3–76.8) for BCSS in overall breast cancer cases, respectively. AUC values for 3-, 5-, and 10-year OS in the ITC group were 64.8 (95% CI 56.5–73.2), 67.7 (95% CI 62.0–73.4), and 65.4 (95% CI 60.0–70.7), respectively. For those in the Mic group, AUC values for 3-, 5-, and 10-year OS were 72.9 (95% CI 70.7–75.1), 72.4 (95% CI 70.6–74.1), and 71.3 (95% CI 69.6–73.1), respectively, and AUC values for BCSS were 77.8 (95% CI 74.9–80.7), 75.7 (95% CI 73.5–77.9), and 70.3 (95% CI 68.0–72.6), respectively. In the IMLN group, AUC values for 3-, 5-, and 10-year OS were 75.2 (95% CI 71.7–78.7), 73.4 (95% CI 70.0–76.8), and 74.0 (95% CI 69.6–78.5), respectively, and AUC values for BCSS were 76.6 (95% CI 73.0–80.3), 74.1 (95% CI 70.5–77.7), and 74.7 (95% CI 69.8–79.5), respectively. The ROC, calibration, and DCA curves verified that the nomogram had better predictability and benefits.

Conclusion
This study is the first to investigate the predictive value of different axillary lymph node statuses and internal mammary lymph node metastases in breast cancer, providing clinicians with additional aid in treatment decisions.
Africa Alive Corridors: Transdisciplinary Research based on African Footprints
Authors: Linol B. , Doucouré M. , Anderson J. , Toteu F. , Miller W. , Vale P. , Hoffman P. , Kerley G. I. H. , Auerbach R. , Thiart C. , Meghraoui M. , Dhliwayo N. , Master J. , Genin F. , Dembaremba T. , van Heerden B. , Unite J. , May A. , Mathias P. , Minguzzi M. , de Wit T. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe idea of Africa Alive Corridors (AAC) evolved from Gondwana geological mapping to a comprehensive, more inclusive and dynamic approach to transdisciplinary research known as Earth Stewardship Science. Twenty designated corridors explore the geo-biological and cultural heritage of different regions of Africa over various periods, from deep time to the Anthropocene. Each corridor reveals a specific lens through which to investigate some of the rich scientific narratives embedded within it. The concept also facilitates learning and knowledge exchange across numerous disciplines: archeology, geology, geophysics, oceanography, glaciology, biology, botany, ecology, agriculture, engineering, spatial statistics, social sciences, and the humanities. This contribution analyses ten selected corridors in southern and western Africa, the Congo Basin, East Africa, and Madagascar. The various research themes explored include Earth impact hazard, origins of humankind, Snowball Earth, coastal food systems and conservation, the biogeography of lemurs, human settlement dynamics in Cameroon, tectonically linked earthquake occurrences in Algeria and Morocco, modelling land-use changes in the Western Rift Valley, trades and civilizations of the Mali Empire, Mbira music, and contemporary art. The ongoing work on these—and ten other—corridors has considerable potential to host new international collaborations to develop the links between society and natural sciences in Africa. Ultimately, AAC will benefit all stakeholders, especially the youth, in understanding and responding to societal needs and current global challenges.
Iridescent harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones: Sclerosomatidae) from the Eocene of Messel, Germany
Authors: Bartel Christian , Dunlop Jason A. , Wedmann Sonja 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe first fossil harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) from the Messel Pit in Hesse, Germany, are described as ?Leiobunum messelense sp. nov. and ?Leiobunum schaali sp. nov. This is the first formal description of fossil harvestmen from the Eocene (ca. 47 Ma) of Messel, and one of the few non-amber records of harvestmen in the Cenozoic. Remarkably, these new specimens show iridescent, metallic colouration. This was previously unknown in the arachnid fossil record, but is seen often in insect fossils from Messel. The new harvestmen exhibit the typical ‘daddy long legs’ morphotype, with small, rounded bodies and long, slender legs. In detail, most of the dorsal opisthosomal tergites appear to be fused together into a single large scute, or scutum parvum, which strongly suggests the modern family Sclerosomatidae, especially in combination with a pectinate pedipalp claw. The iridescent colouration further implies that these fossils can be referred to either the subfamilies Gagrellinae or Leiobuninae, some of which also have a characteristic metallic lustre. Iridescence of the body is more typical for tropical sclerosomatids and is not known from extant European sclerosomatids, with the exception of a single, probably invasive, Leiobunum species. The warmer temperatures during the Eocene might have allowed exchange of early iridescent sclerosomatids between Eurasia and North America, which led to their wide present day distribution and diversity. A few not very well preserved harvestman fossils from Messel are recorded and/or figured for completeness as Leiobuninae / Gagrellinae indet. and Opiliones indet.
Circulating micrornas as potential diagnostic biomarkers for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Yue , Zhu Longbiao , Zhu Chenjing , Chen Yan , Yu Hui , Zhu Hangju , Yin Ping , Liu Mengyu , Li Yang , Li Huixin , Gong Zhen , Hanzi Xu  , Han Jing 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Cervical cancer is a prevalent malignancy of the female reproductive system. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is a precursor lesion for CC. Various studies have examined circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) as potential early diagnostic markers for CC and CIN. However, the findings have been inconclusive. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and identify potential sources of variability among these studies. Methods: The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched to identify relevant literature. Then, Stata 14.0 was utilized to calculate summary estimates for diagnostic parameters, including sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the summary receiver operating characteristic (ROC). To scrutinize the heterogeneity, the Cochran-Q test and I2 statistic were utilized. As significant heterogeneity was observed, the random effects model was chosen. To explore potential sources of the heterogeneity, subgroup and regression analyses were conducted. Results: We analysed 12 articles reporting on 24 studies involving 1817 patients and 1731 healthy controls. The pooled sensitivity was 0.77 (95% CI 0.73–0.81), the specificity was 0.81 (95% CI 0.73–0.86), the PLR was 3.99 (95% CI 2.81–5.65), the NLR was 0.28 (95% CI 0.23–0.35), the DOR was 14.18 (95% CI 8.47–23.73), and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.85 (95% CI 0.81–0.87). Subgroup analysis revealed that multiple miRNAs can improve diagnostic performance; the pooled sensitivity of multiple miRNAs was 0.78 (95% CI 0.68–0.86), the specificity was 0.85 (95% CI 0.78–0.90), and the AUC was 0.89 (95% CI 0.86–0.91). Conclusion: This study suggested that circulating microRNAs may be biomarkers for early CC diagnosis.
Investigation of the Effect of Laser Cutting Parameters on Surface and Kerf Quality of Thick Ti–6Al–4V Alloy Sheets
Authors: Alsaadawy Muhammad , Dewidar Montasser , Said A. , Maher Ibrahem , Shehabeldeen Taher A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Titanium alloys, especially Ti–6Al–4 V alloy, are significant materials because of their superior mechanical and chemical properties. They are used in most high-strength and elevated temperature applications, such as aircraft, ships, biomedicine, and marine applications. Recently, laser machines were used to cut a variety of sheet metals. It is critical to comprehend how laser cutting parameters influence surface and kerf quality. In this work, a 4 mm-thick Ti–6Al–4 V sheet was cut. Laser beam power, cutting velocity, and assist gas pressure were used as cutting parameters, while surface roughness, kerf width, taper angle, and dross height were measured to determine which parameter has the greatest influence on the cutting quality. It was found that laser power of 3 kW, cutting velocity of 2000 mm/min, and assist gas pressure of 8 bar were the optimized parameters to achieve the minimum surface roughness value of 2.34 ± 0.12 µm and the minimum dross value of 0.270 mm due to the high velocity. The minimum value of kerf width was found to be 0.774 ± 0.016 mm at upper surface and 0.408 ± 0.039 mm at lower surface of cut at cutting conditions of Pu = 2.5 kW, V = 1500 mm/min, and assist gas pressure of 10 bar. The minimum value of kerf taper was found to be 1.89 ± 0.61° at cutting conditions of Pu = 2 kW, V = 1500 mm/min, and assist gas pressure of 8 bar.
Postoperative elevated bed header position versus supine in the management of chronic subdural hematoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Serag Ibrahim , Abdelhady Mariam , Awad Abdelaziz A. , Wageeh Ahmed , Shaboub Ahmed , Elhalag Rowan H. , Aljabali Ahmed , Abouzid Mohamed 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a prevalent type of intracranial hemorrhage. Surgical interventions, such as Twist Drill Craniostomy and Burr Hole Craniostomy, are employed for its treatment. However, limited information exists regarding the impact of postoperative head position (supine vs. elevated) on clinical outcomes. We aim to assess whether patients’ head position after surgery influences their prognosis.

Method
We conducted a PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis. Our search encompassed PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases to identify relevant published studies. Data were meticulously extracted, pooled using a fixed model, and reported as risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Statistical analysis was performed using R and Stata MP v.17.

Results
Five studies involving 284 patients were included in our meta-analysis. We focused on three primary clinical outcomes, comparing the supine and elevated header positions. Notably, there was no statistically significant difference between the supine and elevated positions in terms of recurrence rate (RR 0.77, 95% CI [0.44, 1.37]), second intervention for recurrence (RR 1.07, 95% CI [0.42, 2.78]) and postoperative complications (RR 1.16, 95% CI [0.70, 1.92]).

Conclusion
Current studies have proved no difference between supine and elevated bed header positions regarding recurrence rate, second intervention for recurrence, and postoperative complications. Future RCTs with long-term follow-ups are recommended.
Chebyshev polynomial-based Fourier transformation and its use in low pass filter of gravity data
Authors: Al Marashly Omar , Dobróka Mihály 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce the novel Chebyshev Polynomials Least-Squares Fourier Transformation (C-LSQ-FT) and its robust variant with the Iteratively Reweighted Least-Squares technique (C-IRLS-FT). These innovative techniques for Fourier transformation are predicated on the concept of inversion, and the C-LSQ-FT method establishes an overdetermined inverse problem within the realm of Fourier transformation. However, given the LSQ approach’s vulnerability to data outliers, we note the potential for considerable errors and potentially unrepresentative model estimations. To circumvent these shortcomings, we incorporate Steiner’s Most Frequent Value method into our framework, thereby providing a more reliable alternative. The fusion of the Iteratively Reweighted Least-Squares (IRLS) algorithm with Cauchy-Steiner weights enhances the robustness of our Fourier transformation process, culminating in the C-IRLS-FT method. We use Chebyshev polynomials as the basis functions in both methods, leading to the approximation of continuous Fourier spectra through a finite series of Chebyshev polynomials and their corresponding coefficients. The coefficients were obtained by solving an overdetermined non-linear inverse problem. We validated the performance of both the traditional Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and the newly developed C-IRLS-FT through numerical tests on synthetic datasets. The results distinctly exhibited the reduced sensitivity of the C-IRLS-FT method to outliers and dispersed noise, in comparison with the traditional DFT. We leveraged the newly proposed (C-IRLS-FT) technique in the application of low-pass filtering in the context of gravity data. The results corroborate the technique’s robustness and adaptability, making it a promising method for future applications in geophysical data processing.
A dimension-aware gaining-sharing knowledge algorithm for distributed hybrid flowshop scheduling with resource-dependent processing time
Authors: Li Rong-hao , Li Jun-qing , Li Jia-ke , Ouyang Wei , Mei Li-jie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe resource-assisted processing operation involves the coupling of multi-dimensional sub-problem, which poses a challenge in scheduling system. In this study, a dimension-aware gain-sharing knowledge algorithm (DGSK) is presented to address the distributed hybrid flowshop scheduling problem with resource-dependent processing times (DHFSP-RDPT), where the makespan is to be minimized. Firstly, by analyzing the mathematical model of the DHFSP-RDPT, four problem-specific lemmas and two novel resource reallocation rules are proposed. The DGSK begin with a high-performance initial population, which is generated by three knowledge-driven heuristics in hybrid way. Next, a discrete evolution-based search mechanism assists the DGSK to extend the search in solution space. Furthermore, a dimension-aware two-stage local search combined with meta-Lamarckian learning method is embedded to enhance the local search ability for the multidimensional problems. Finally, the proposed algorithm is measured on a series of instances based on real production data. The results demonstrate that the DGSK improves the performance by in solving DHFSP-RDPT compared to the state-of-the-art methods.