bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing Physical Activity Engagement in Individuals Living With HIV in Nigeria
Authors: Oladejo Temitope , Myezwa Hellen , Ajidahun Adedayo , Ibeneme Sam 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Physical activity has been reported to be a useful non-pharmacological intervention for improving quality of life and reducing long-term problems associated with HIV infection and ART. Despite their known benefits, the data on the factors driving the uptake of physical activity among the HIV population in Nigeria are insufficient. Thus, since variations exist in healthcare, cultural and societal structures, caution must be used in drawing comparisons from other settings. To develop a contextually sensitive intervention programme, understanding the factors responsible for physical activity engagement among people living with HIV is vital. Objective: The study aimed to explore the barriers to and facilitators of physical activity participation among people living with HIV. Method: A qualitative research methodology was adopted to explore the barriers of and facilitators to physical activity participation among people living with HIV. A semi-structured interview guide was used to interview people living with HIV (PLWH) attending HIV testing and treatment centers in [location masked for blind review] from March to July 2022; a saturation point was reached after the 20th interview. All interviews were audio-recorded and were subjected to a deductive content analysis framework for data analysis. Results: Twenty (20) PLWH aged 19 to 54 years participated in this study. The majority perceived physical activity as beneficial to their health. Commonly reported barriers to physical activity in PLWH were lack of time, fatigue, an unsupportive environment, lack of funding, and other social commitments. The physical activity facilitators included perceived benefits, habits, influence by others, and the health benefits of illness prevention and pain relief. Conclusion: Our findings reveal that the key barriers to physical activity participation (lack of time, unsupportive environment, fatigue, and lack of funding) are modifiable. Addressing these factors is likely to facilitate physical activity participation. Thus, efforts to develop a physical activity intervention program for PLWH in Nigeria must consider environmental and interpersonal variables.
Dynamics of the Prefrontal Cortex in the Interplay of Orienteering Experience and Cognitive Performance: An fNIRS Investigation
Authors: Liu Jingru , Liu Yang , Wu Linzhen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background. Sporting experience plays a pivotal role in shaping exercise habits, with a mutually reinforcing relationship that enhances cognitive performance. The acknowledged plasticity of cognition driven by sports necessitates a comprehensive examination. Hence, this study delves into the dynamic intricacies of the prefrontal cortex, exploring the impact of orienteering experience on cognitive performance. Our findings contribute empirical evidence regarding the functional activation of specific brain regions bridging the nexus between experiential factors and cognitive capabilities.
Methods. In this cross-sectional study, a cohort of forty-nine athletes was enrolled to meticulously examine behavioral variances and prefrontal cortex dynamics among orienteering athletes of varying experience levels across diverse non-specialized scenarios. These investigations involved the utilization of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to detect alterations in oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2).
Results. The high-experience expert group exhibited neurological efficiency, demonstrating significantly diminished brain activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal, left ventral lateral prefrontal, and right orbitofrontal regions compared to the low-experience group. Within the low-experience novice group, superior performance in the spatial memory task was observed compared to the mental rotation task, with consistently lower reaction times across all conditions compared to the high-experience group. Notably, cerebral blood oxygenation activation exhibited a significant reduction in the high-experience expert group compared to the low-experience novice group, irrespective of task type. The dorsolateral prefrontal lobe exhibited activation upon task onset, irrespective of experience level. Correct rates in the spatial memory task were consistently higher than those in the mental rotation task, while brain region activation was significantly greater during the mental rotation task than the spatial memory task."
Discussion. This study elucidates disparities in prefrontal cortex dynamics between highly seasoned experts and neophyte novices, showcasing a cognitive edge within the highly experienced cohort and a spatial memory advantage in the inexperienced group. Our findings contribute to the comprehension of the neural mechanisms that underlie the observed cognitive advantage and provide insights into the forebrain resources mobilized by orienteering experience during spatial cognitive tasks."
C8ORF59 regulates ribosome biogenesis to affect progression
in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Pan Hongyu , Liao Li , Xu Siwei , Xu Yujian , Chai Wenjun , Liu Xiaoli , Li Jing , Cao Yue , Sun Lei , Liu Qian , Yan Mingxia 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Elevated ribosome biogenesis was required by tumor growth. In this study, we initially screened a set of key genes related to ribosome biogenesis from the GSEA dataset. Then, we obtained differentially expressed gene sets between cancer tissues and adjacent non-cancerous tissues from the GSE datasets. By intersecting these gene sets, we identified potential genes that may play a significant role in the progression of lung adenocarcinoma. Subsequently, through extensive literature review, we finally identified the gene Chromosome 8 Open Reading Frame 59 (C8ORF59) as an interesting candidate. Our research findings demonstrated that the knockdown of C8ORF59 significantly inhibits the migration, invasion potential, cell growth, and clonogenicity of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Additionally, apoptosis assays revealed a significant increase in apoptosis, including both early and late stages, in lung adenocarcinoma cells upon C8ORF59 knockdown. Cell cycle analysis showed that C8ORF59 knockdown arrests cells predominantly in the G0/G1 phase, indicating inhibited cell proliferation. Moreover, knocking down C8ORF59 significantly inhibits the in vivo growth of lung cancer cells. Mechanistically, downregulation of C8ORF59 significantly decreases the expression of 47S rRNA, a component associated with ribosome assembly, ribosome proteins Fibrillarin (FBL) and Ribosomal Protein L3 (RPL3). Additionally, ribosomal biogenesis targeting drugs CX-5461 and C8ORF59 loss generate synergistic effects on key proteins regulating cell cycle and apoptosis. Knocking down C8ORF59 also substantially enhanced the sensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma cells to the chemotherapeutic drug gemcitabine, suggesting a potential association between C8ORF59 and drug resistance. Collectively, these studies suggest the close involvement of C8ORF59 in the progression of lung adenocarcinoma, providing new insights for its therapeutic intervention.
Enzymatically Catalyzed Molecular Aggregation
Authors: Tang Ben Zhong , Wang Wen-Jin , Zhang Rongyuan , Zhang Liping , Hao Liang , Cai Xu-Min , Wu Qian , Qiu Zijie , Han Ruijuan , Feng Jing , Wang Shaojuan , Alam Parvej , Zhang Guoqing , Zhao Zheng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The dynamic modulation of the aggregation process of small molecules represents an important research objective for scientists. However, the complex and dynamic nature of internal environments in vivo impedes controllable aggregation processes of single molecules. In this study, we successfully achieved tumor-targeted aggregation of an aggregation-induced emission photosensitizer (AIE-PS), TBmA, with the catalysis of a tumor-overexpressed enzyme, γ-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT). Mechanistic investigations revealed that TBmA-Glu could be activated by GGT through cleavage of the γ-glutamyl bond and releasing TBmA. The poor water solubility of TBmA induced its aggregation, leading to aggregation-enhanced emission and photodynamic activities. The TBmA-Glu not only induced glutathione (GSH) depletion through GGT photo-degradation but also triggered lipid peroxidation accumulation and ferroptosis in cancer cells through photodynamic therapy. The exceptional cancer-targeting ability and therapeutic efficiency demonstrated by this GGT activatable AIE-PS highlighted enzymatic-mediated modulation as an effective approach for regulating small molecule aggregation intracellularly, thereby advancing innovative therapeutic strategies for various diseases.
Distinctive Features Associated with Differentiation Syndrome in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia in Patients treated by All-Trans Retinoic Acid and Arsenic Trioxide
Authors: Cingelova Silvia , Mikuskova Eva , Demitrovicova Ludmila , Mikudova Vanda , Slobodova Alica , Spanikova Jana , Vasickova Radka , Urban Denis , Drgona Lubos , Oravcova Iveta 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

In all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), differentiation syndrome (DS) assumes a distinct identity separate from ATRA syndrome, with distinct temporal patterns, diagnostic parameters, and clinical behavior. We retrospectively evaluated single-center data of years 2013–2022. Patients with newly diagnosed APL were categorized into three groups (16 patients in ATRA/ATO standard-risk group, 3 patients in ATRA/chemotherapy standard-risk group, and 5 patients in ATRA/chemotherapy high-risk group). Our aim was to analyze leukocytosis, signs of DS, and hepatic impairment within the first 25 days of treatment. The incidence of DS in the ATRA/ATO SR group was 43.8%, with a median of 4 days and 2 days from ATRA and ATO initiation, respectively. This group also exhibited higher peak levels of leukocytosis 34.5 (6.0-113.4) x109/L (p = 0.0809). ALT elevation was more prevalent in the ATRA/ATO SR group (93.75%), with 68.75% grade 3–4 elevations (p = 0.0094). Importantly, all patients in this group had ALT levels that returned to normal during the subsequent consolidations. These findings suggest hepatopathy as a potential manifestation of ATRA/ATO induced DS. Diverse differentiation patterns were identified within the ATRA/ATO group, classifying patients into three distinct subgroups based on the concurrent dynamics of leukocytes and ALT levels, illustrating simultaneous, sequential, and divergent elevation patterns. These emphasize the different distribution of differentiation syndromes (organs vs. peripheral blood). We introduced real-world data and advocated for reevaluation of the current DS definition and associated diagnostic thresholds.
Adoption and Use of a Risk Assessment Tool for Identifying and Controlling the Spread of Candida Auris among Admitted Patients at a Saudi Arabian Hospital
Authors: Alshahrani Fatimah , Elgujja Abba Amsami , Alsubaie Sara , Ezreqat Salah , Albarrag Ahmed , Barry Mazin , Khamis Khalifa Bin , Alabdan Lulwa , Antony Marytonia , Caparoso Jocelin , Adam Samah Mustapha , Faqihi Khalid Waleed 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: The emergence of Candida auris (C. auris), a multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen, poses a significant healthcare challenge, necessitating robust risk-assessment strategies for effective infection control in hospital settings.
Objective: This study aimed to assess and quantify the risk of C. auris infection in a tertiary hospital by using an adapted risk assessment tool that considers diverse patient factors and hospital dynamics.
Method: The study employed the 'adaptation method,' amalgamating literature review and analysis of individual patient data (IPD), to identify and quantify C. auris infection risk. Using the MRSA risk assessment tool, risk factor information was derived from the literature and adapted based on the IPD, ensuring context-specific relevance. The study was conducted in a 1000-bed tertiary university teaching hospital in Riyadh, triggered by the first C. auris case in 2019, covering the period from January 2020 to December 2022. The variables included admission history, comorbidities, multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) history, wounds/devices, surgeries, and antimicrobial use. The inclusion criteria targeted high-risk individuals and the exclusion criteria were inpatients. The screening tool was deployed through a PowerForm in selected nursing units with rigorous training for nurses and comprehensive data collection, monitoring, and outcome analysis. Robust statistical methods, including multivariable logistic regression and subgroup analyses, were employed to address potential biases and ensure the internal validity of the study.
Results:Graphic and clinical findings were analyzed in a cohort of 68,031 patients. Notably, 9% of the patients had identified risk factors such as septicemia, CKD, DM, or chronic lung disease. Additionally, 7% reported a history of admission to non-KSA hospitals and 14% had contact with MDROs or ASCs. The overall prevalence of positive responses across the assessed risk factors was 6%, underscoring the relevance of these factors to Candida auris infection.
Conclusion: The overall prevalence of positive responses across the assessed risk factors was 6%, emphasizing the relevance of these factors in the context of Candida auris infections. These findings provide valuable insights for the development of targeted surveillance and preventive measures in healthcare settings.
Unique Sustain Anticancer Modified Chitosan Nanoparticle: Fabrication and Characterization
Authors: Ahmed Marwa ElS. , Mohamed Mansoura I. , Ahmed Hanaa Y. , Elaasser Mahmoud M. , Kandile Nadia G. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Chitosan (CS) is a biopolymer offers a wide range in biomedical applications due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity and antimicrobial activity. Syringaldehyde (1) is naturally organic compound characterized by its uses in multiple fields such as pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, textiles and biological applications. Herein, development of chitosan physicochemical and anticancer properties via Schiff base formation from the reaction of chitosan with sustainable eco-friendly syringaldehyde yielded (CS-1) derivative. Moreover, in presence of polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) or sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as crosslinkers gave chitosan derivatives (CS-2) and (CS-3NPs) respectively. The chemical structures of new chitosan derivatives are confirmed using different tools. (CS-3NPs) nanoparticle showed improvement in crystallinity, and (CS-2) derivative revealed the highest thermal stability compared to virgin chitosan. The cytotoxicity activity of chitosan and its derivatives is evaluated against HeLa (human cervical carcinoma) and HEp-2 (Human Larynx carcinoma) cell lines. The highest cytotoxicity activity is exhibited by (CS-3NPs) compared to virgin chitosan against HeLa cell growth inhibition and apoptosis of 90.38±1.46% and 30.3% respectively and IC50 of 108.01±3.94 µg/ml. From the above results, it can be concluded that chitosan nanoparticle (CS-3NPs) might be good therapeutic value as a potential antitumor agent against HeLa cancer cell line.
Atomic mechanism of lithium dendrite penetration in solid electrolytes
Authors: Liu Yuanpeng , Zhang Bowen , Yuan Botao , Yan Xin , Han Xiao , Zhang Jiawei , Tan Huifeng , Wang Changguo , Yan Pengfei , Gao Huajian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Lithium dendrite penetration through ceramic electrolytes is known to result in mechanical failure and short circuits, which has impeded the commercialization of all-solid-state lithium anode batteries. However, the underlying mechanism still remains under debate, due in part to a lack of in situ atomic-level observations of the dendrite penetration process. Here, we employ large-scale molecular dynamics simulations to reproduce the dynamic process of dendrite nucleation and penetration. Our findings reveal that dynamically generated lithium depositions lead to a continuous accumulation of internal stress, culminating in fracture of the solid electrolyte at dendrite tips. We demonstrate that the classical Griffith theory remains effective in assessing this fracture mode, but it is necessary to consider the electrochemical impact of local lithium ion concentration on the fracture toughness. Additionally, in polycrystalline solid electrolytes, we observe that initial defects or dendrite nuclei within grains typically deflect towards and propagate along grain boundaries. Simulations and experimental evidence both identify that dendrite induced fractures at grain boundaries exhibit a mixed Mode I and Mode II pattern, contingent on their fracture toughness and the angle between dendrites and grain boundaries. These insights deepen our understanding of dendrite penetration mechanisms and may offer valuable guidance for improving the performance of solid electrolytes.
Semen characteristics of Bapedi sheep during the autumn breeding season
Authors: Masethe Kgothatso , Mugwabana Thinawanga Joseph , Chokoe Tlou Caswell , Sebei Phokgedi Julius , Raphulu Thomas , Ramukhithi Fhulufhelo Vincent 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the semen characteristics of Bapedi sheep during the autumn breeding season. The study was conducted at four national conservation farms, which are the ARC, Towoomba Research Station, Mara Research Station and Tompi Seleka College and a total of thirty-five mature Bapedi rams (1–7 years) were sampled. All the experimental rams were raised extensively and fed on natural pastures. Following semen collection using an electro-ejaculator, semen colour, volume, pH, concentration, sperm cell motility, membrane integrity, viability, morphology and abnormalities were evaluated. Thereafter SAS version 9.4. was used to analyse the data. Semen characteristics were summarised as frequencies and percentages and the measurable characteristics were expressed as means and standard error (means ± SE). Bapedi sheep had 44% creamy semen, acceptable semen volume (0.9 ml) and pH (7); total motility (90.2 ± 2.4%), intact membrane (85.7 ± 2.4%) and normal morphology (97.7 ± 0.2%). However, sperm cell concentration (0.74 ± 0 X 109 sperm cells/ml) was lower than recommended sperm cell concentration (≥ 2.0 X 109 sperm cells/ml). In conclusion, Bapedi sheep had acceptable semen characteristics, except for sperm cell concentration, which was lower compared to the recommended sperm cell concentration for small stock.
Recommendations for transitioning young people with Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders and Autoinflammatory Diseases to adult care
Authors: Israni Muskan , Alderson Eliska , Mahlaoui Nizar , Obici Laura , Rossi-Semerano Linda , Lachmann Helen , Avramovič Mojca Zajc , Guffroy Aurelien , Dalm Virgil , Rimmer Rachel , Solis Leire , Villar Carlota , Gennery Andrew R. , Skeffington Stephanie , Nordin Julia , Warnatz Klaus , Korganow Anne-Sophie , Antón Jordi , Cattalini Marco , Berg Stefan , Soler-Palacin Pere , Campbell Mari , Burns Siobhan O. , Party ESID Clinical Working , Group ERN RITA Transition Working 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Significant improvements in the prognosis for young patients with Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases (PID) and Autoinflammatory Disorders (AID), which together make up the majority of Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI), have resulted in the need for optimisation of transition and transfer of care to adult services. Effective transition is crucial to improve health outcomes and treatment compliance among patients. Evaluations of existing transition programmes in European health centres identified the absence of disease-specific transition guidelines for PID and AID, as a challenge to the transition process.
This research aimed to establish expert consensus statements for the transition of young patients with PID and AID to adult services.
Methods:
This project used the Delphi method to establish mutual agreement for the proposed recommendations. A draft set of statements was developed following a literature review of existing transition programmes. Then the ERN RITA Transition Working Group convened to review the drafted recommendations and develop them into a survey. This survey was circulated among healthcare professionals to determine consensus using a five-point Likert scale, with the level of agreement set to 80% or greater. Statements that did not reach consensus were revised by the Working Group and recirculated among respondents.
Results:
The initial survey received 93 responses from 68 centres across 23 countries, while the following survey outlining revised recommendations received 66 responses. The respondents agreed upon recommendations detailing the structure and administration of transition programmes, collaborative working with social systems, and contraindications to transfer of care.
Conclusion:
This paper sets out a comprehensive set of recommendations to optimise transitional care for PID and AID.
Relationship between mental illness and negative nucleic acid conversion in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Xie Yun , Wu JiaJun , Zhu Shun , XU Yanxin , Shen Jian , Lin Qiuhai , Wang Ruilan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective To explore whether mental illness is an independent risk factor affecting nucleic acid conversion in COVID-19 patients.
Methods To retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 149 patients with COVID-19 in Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, and classify them into the non-psychological disease group (n=134) and the psychological disease group (n=15) according to whether they had a psychological disease at the time of admission and during the hospitalization, and to compare the differences in the indicators of the demographic characteristics of the patients in the two groups, the laboratory parameters on admission, and the clinical outcomes; To evaluate the independent risk factors for nucleic acid conversion events in COVID-19 patients through the Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate COX regression modeling to assess prognostic factors independently associated with nucleic acid conversion events in COVID-19 patients.
Results Of the 149 newly crowned patients, 15 patients (10.1%) had new-onset psychiatric disorders, and 134 patients (89.9%) had no psychiatric disorders;patients in the mental illness group were older, with more elderly >65 years old (P=0.034), longer time to two nucleic acid conversions (P=0.024), and lower rate of nucleic acid conversion within 14 days (P<0.001).CT1 ORF1ab and E genes were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients with comorbid psychological disorders than in patients in the non-psychological disorders group (P<0.001). However, no significant difference was observed in CT1 N gene (P>0.001).Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the in-hospital 14-day nucleic acid positivity rate was 60% and 24.6% in the mental illness and non-mental illness groups, respectively (P<0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that mental illness and diabetes were independent risk factors for 14-day nucleic acid non-conversion in COVID-19 patients after adjusting for confounders such as age, gender, and co-morbidities. (P<0.001).
Conclusion The prevalence of comorbid psychological disorders in COVID-19 patients is high, and psychological disorders are independent risk factors affecting nucleic acid conversion in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, clinicians should raise awareness of new-onset psychological disorders in COVID-19 patients.