bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphatidylserine-Containing Liposomes Inhibit the Differentiation of Osteoclasts and Trabecular Bone Loss
Authors: Wu Zhou , Ma Hong Mei , Kukita Toshio , Nakanishi Yoshinobu , Nakanishi Hiroshi 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Liposomes containing phosphatidylserine (PS) are engulfed by phagocytes including macrophages, microglia, and dendritic cells. PS liposomes (PSLs) mimic the effects of apoptotic cells on these phagocytes to induce the secretion of anti-inflammatory molecules and to inhibit the maturation of dendritic cells. However, the effects of PSLs on osteoclasts, which are also differentiated from the common myeloid precursors, remain to be determined. This study investigated the effects of PSLs on the osteoclastogenesis. In the rat bone marrow culture system, osteoclast precursors phagocytosed PSLs to secrete TGF-β1 and PGE2, which in turn inhibited osteoclastogenesis through the downregulation of receptor activator for NF-κB ligand, receptor activator of NF-κB, ICAM-1, and CD44. Consistent with these in vitro observations, i.m. injection of PSLs significantly increased the plasma level of TGF-β1 and PGE2 and decreased the expression of receptor activator for NF-κB ligand, receptor activator of NF-κB, and ICAM-1 in the skeletal tissues of ankle joints of rats with adjuvant arthritis (AA). A quantitative analysis using microcomputed tomography revealed that PSLs as well as TGF-β1 together with PGE2 significantly inhibited AA-induced trabecular bone loss. These observations strongly suggest that PSLs generate TGF-β1 and PGE2 release, leading to inhibit osteoclastogenesis and AA-induced trabecular bone loss. Because PS is a component of the cell membrane, PSLs therefore can be a potentially effective pharmacological intervention against abnormal bone loss, such as osteoporosis without deleterious side effects.
Arthritis restricts volunteer participation: Prevalence and correlates of volunteer status among adults with arthritis
Authors: Theis Kristina A. , Murphy Louise , Hootman Jennifer M. , Helmick Charles G. , Sacks Jeffrey J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate, among adults ages ≥45 years with arthritis, the prevalence and correlates of 1) volunteering, 2) arthritis‐attributable restrictions among volunteers, and 3) arthritis as the main barrier to volunteering (AMBV) among non‐volunteers.MethodsData were from the 2005–2006 Arthritis Conditions Health Effects Survey, a cross‐sectional random‐digit–dialed national telephone survey of noninstitutionalized US adults ages ≥45 years with self‐reported, doctor‐diagnosed arthritis. Respondents (n = 1,793; weighted population 37.7 million) were asked if they currently volunteer (work outside the home without pay). Volunteers were asked if arthritis affects their amount or type of volunteering (arthritis‐attributable volunteer limitation [AAVL]). Non‐volunteers were asked if arthritis is the main reason they do not volunteer (AMBV). Univariable and multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate associations between potential correlates and each outcome.ResultsOne‐third of the respondents reported volunteering. Among volunteers, 41% (4.9 million) reported AAVL. Among non‐volunteers, 27% (6.8 million) reported AMBV. Fair/poor self‐rated health was significantly associated with less volunteering (multivariable‐adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.5, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.4–0.8) and greater AAVL (multivariable‐adjusted OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1–4.0) and AMBV (multivariable‐adjusted OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2–2.7). Poor physical function was the most strongly associated correlate of both AAVL and AMBV (multivariable‐adjusted ORs 8.0 and 4.3, respectively).ConclusionVolunteering is an important role with individual and societal benefits, but almost 12 million adults with arthritis are limited or do not participate in volunteering due to arthritis. Individuals with restrictions in volunteering reported a substantial burden of poor physical function and may benefit from effective, underused interventions designed to improve physical function, delay disability, and enhance arthritis self‐management.
Can peak work rate predict peak oxygen uptake in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis?
Authors: De Backer Ingrid C. , Singh‐Grewal Davinder , Helders Paul J. M. , Takken Tim 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether peak work rate (Wpeak) can predict peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).MethodsNinety‐one patients with JIA with a mean ± SD age of 11.4 ± 2.9 years underwent a cardiopulmonary exercise test in which VO2peak and Wpeak were determined. A multivariate regression model was used to formulate a regression equation to predict VO2peak using Wpeak and anthropometric and demographic details. This regression equation was subsequently cross‐validated using an unrelated data set from children with JIA (n = 17).ResultsThe following linear regression equation to predict VO2peak was established: VO2peak (liters/minute) = 0.308 + 0.146 × sex (0 = female, 1 = male) + 0.005 × weight (kg) + 0.008 × Wpeak (W) (R2 = 0.91, standard error of the estimate = 0.18 liter/minute). Using this equation, the predicted VO2peak was strongly related to the measured VO2peak (r = 0.96, P < 0.0001). Bland and Altman analysis revealed a mean difference of 0.01 liter/minute and limits of agreement between −0.35 and 0.35 liter/minute.ConclusionThis study suggests that Wpeak is a strong predictor of VO2peak in children with JIA and may be used as a surrogate measure of VO2peak in situations where it is not possible to formally assess VO2peak.
Underdeveloped Extraocular Muscles in the Naked Mole‐Rat (Heterocephalus glaber)
Authors: McMullen Colleen A. , Andrade Francisco H. , Crish Samuel D. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe extraocular muscles (EOM), the effector arm of the ocular motor system, have a unique embryological origin and phenotype. The naked mole‐rat (NMR) is a subterranean rodent with an underdeveloped visual system. It has not been established if their ocular motor system is also less developed. The NMR is an ideal model to examine the potential codependence of oculomotor and visual system development and evolution. Our goal was to compare the structural features of NMR EOMs to those of the mouse, a similar sized rodent with a fully developed visual system. Perfusion‐fixed whole orbits and EOMs were dissected from adult NMR and C57BL mice and examined by light and electron microscopy. NMR orbital anatomy showed smaller EOMs in roughly the same distribution around the eye as in mouse and surrounded by a very small Harderian gland. The NMR EOMs did not appear to have the two‐layer fiber distribution seen in mouse EOMs; fibers were also significantly smaller (112.3 ± 46.2 vs. 550.7 ± 226 sq μm in mouse EOMs, *P < 0.05). Myofibrillar density was less in NMR EOMs, and triad and other membranous structures were rudimentary. Finally, mitochondrial volume density was significantly less in NMR EOMs than in mouse EOM (4.5% ± 1.9 vs. 21.2% ± 11.6, respectively, *P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that NMR EOMs are smaller and less organized than those in the mouse. The “simpler” EOM organization and structure in NMR may be explained by the poor visual ability of these rodents, initially demonstrated by their primitive visual system. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of 7‐(3‐Alkoxyimino‐4‐methyl‐4‐methylaminopiperidin‐1‐yl)‐fluoroquinolone Derivatives
Authors: Zhang Yi‐Bin , Feng Lian‐Shun , You Xue‐Fu , Guo Qiang , Guo Hui‐Yuan , Liu Ming‐Liang 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA series of novel 7‐(3‐alkoxyimino‐4‐methyl‐4‐methylaminopiperidin‐1‐yl)fluoroquinolone derivatives were designed, synthesized, and characterized by 1H‐NMR, MS, and HRMS. These fluoroquinolones were evaluated for their in‐vitro antibacterial activity against representative Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative strains. Generally, all of the target compounds have considerable antibacterial activity against the tested forty strains, and exhibit exceptional potency in inhibiting the growth of methicillin‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA) ATCC33591 (MICs: 0.06 to 2 μg/mL). In particular, compounds 14, 19, 28, and 29 are fourfold more potent than ciprofloxacin against MSSA 08‐49. Compounds 23, 26, and 27 are twofold more potent than ciprofloxacin against MRSA ATCC33591 and MSSA ATCC29213. In addition, compound 14 exhibits excellent activity (MIC: 0.06 μg/mL) against Acinetobactes calcoaceticus, which is two‐ to 16‐fold more potent than the reference drugs gemifloxacin, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin.
Multicentre experience with extralevator abdominoperineal excision for low rectal cancer
Authors: West N P , Anderin C , Smith K J E , Holm T , Quirke P 
Published: February 2010

Abstract

Background
Abdominoperineal excision (APE) for low rectal cancer is associated with higher rates of circumferential resection margin (CRM) involvement and intraoperative perforation (IOPs) than anterior resection for higher tumours. This multicentre observational study was designed to confirm that extralevator APE can improve outcomes and investigated the morbidity associated with such extensive surgery.

Methods
Some 176 extralevator APE procedures from 11 European colorectal surgeons were compared with 124 standard excisions from one UK centre. Clinical and pathological data were collected along with specimen photographs. Tissue morphometry was performed on the distal ten slices of the excision.

Results
Extralevator APE removed more tissue from outside the smooth muscle layer per slice (median area 2120 versus 1259 mm2; P &lt; 0·001) leading to a reduction in CRM involvement (from 49·6 to 20·3 per cent; P &lt; 0·001) and IOP (from 28·2 to 8·2 per cent; P &lt; 0·001) compared with standard surgery. However, extralevator surgery was associated with an increase in perineal wound complications (from 20 to 38·0 per cent; P = 0·019).

Conclusion
Extralevator APE is associated with less CRM involvement and IOP than standard surgery.
Baby K's unlawful removal: practice issues in the emergency protection of children
Authors: Freel Mike 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis paper addresses the legal and practice issues raised by a particular case in the UK. In January 2008, less than three hours after his birth, Baby K was removed from his mother's care by hospital staff and placed in a separate ward. At a High Court hearing later that morning, it was ruled that the removal of Baby K was unlawful. Important practice issues are raised by this ruling. After setting out the circumstances under which Baby K was removed from his mother, this paper considers a number of issues raised by the case: (i) what constitutes lawful removal under domestic law; (ii) European jurisprudence and domestic law in relation to emergency removal at birth; (iii) parental consent to removal; (iv) professionals' liability for breaches of human rights; and (v) the role of child protection plans in safeguarding children. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Postmortem in situ micro‐ct evaluation of coronary stent fracture
Authors: Foerst Jason , Ball Timothy , Kaplan Aaron V. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractCoronary stent fracture has been postulated as an important mechanism for in‐stent restenosis and late‐stent thrombosis. We have developed a nondestructive microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT) technique to image en bloc stented arterial segments. Case Report: A 43‐year‐old man died of sepsis 5 months following placement of a paclitaxel‐eluting stent (PES) in the left circumflex coronary artery to treat in‐stent restenosis of a sirolimus‐eluting stent (SES). Micro‐CT three‐dimensional images of the overlapping stents were notable for numerous connecting element fractures along the length of the SES. No fractures were observed in the PES. The greatest area of luminal narrowing is related to the region of most extensive stent fracture. Micro‐CT of en bloc specimens provides high resolution (16 μm), three‐dimensional images allowing for visualization of the stented arterial segment in a nondestructive manner. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel three‐dimensional quantitative coronary angiography system: In‐vivo comparison with intravascular ultrasound for assessing arterial segment length
Authors: Tu Shengxian , Huang Zheng , Koning Gerhard , Cui Kai , Reiber Johan H.C. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackground: Accurate on‐line assessments of vessel dimensions are of utmost importance for selecting the appropriate stent size in coronary interventions. Recently a new three‐dimensional quantitative coronary angiography (3D QCA) analytical software package was developed to accurately assess the vessel dimensions for the planning and guidance of such coronary interventions. This study aimed to validate the 3D QCA software package for assessing arterial segment length by comparing with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). In addition, the difference in the two measurements from 3D QCA and IVUS for curved segments was studied. Methods: A retrospective study including 20 patients undergoing both coronary angiography and IVUS examinations of the left coronary artery was set up for the validation. The same vessel segments of interest between proximal and distal markers were identified and measured on both angiographic and IVUS images, by the 3D QCA software and by a quantitative IVUS software package, respectively. In addition, the curvature of each of the segments of interest was assessed and the correlation between the accumulated curvature of the segment and the difference in segment lengths measured from the two imaging modalities was analyzed. Results: 37 vessel segments of interest were identified from both angiographic and IVUS images. The 3D QCA segment length was slightly longer than the IVUS segment length (15.42 ± 6.02 mm vs. 15.12 ± 5.81 mm, P = 0.040). The linear correlation of the two measurements was: 3D QCA Length = −0.09 + 1.03 × IVUS Length (r2 = 0.98, P < 0.001). Bland‐Altman plot showed that the difference in the two measurements was not correlated with the average of the two measurements (P = 0.141), but with the accumulated curvature of the segment (P = 0.015). After refining the difference by the correlation, the average difference of the two measurements decreased from 0.30 ± 0.86 mm (P = 0.040) to 0.00 ± 0.78 mm (P = 0.977). Conclusions: The 3D QCA software package can accurately assess the actual arterial segment length. The difference in segment lengths measured from 3D QCA and IVUS was correlated with the accumulated curvature of the segment. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A comparative analysis of major clinical outcomes using drug‐eluting stents versus bare‐metal stents in a large consecutive patient cohort
Authors: Bental Tamir , Assali Abid , Vaknin‐Assa Hana , Lev Eli I. , Brosh David , Fuchs Shmuel , Battler Alexander , Kornowski Ran 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjectives: To ascertain the long‐term safety, efficacy, and pattern of use of drug‐eluting stents (DES) in routine clinical practice. Methods: We analyzed a registry of 6,583 consecutive patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), of whom 2,633 were treated using DES (DES group) and 3,950 were treated using bare‐metal stents (BMS group). Propensity score was used for stratified analysis of outcomes and for matching. Outcomes were total mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), repeat target vessel revascularization (TVR) rates, and risk‐adjusted event‐free survival. Results: Follow‐up time was 6 months to 5.18 years (mean: 3 years). Patients in the DES group were more likely to be diabetic and had use of longer or more stents, treatment of more lesions and of more proximal main vessels. After propensity score matching, the cumulative mortality was 12.85% in the DES group versus 14.14% in the BMS group (P = 0.001). Use of DES reduced the occurrence of MI (5.17% vs.5.83%, P = 0.046), of clinically driven TVR (9.76% vs. 12.28%, P < 0.001) and of the composite endpoint of death/MI/TVR (23.38% vs. 26.07%; P < 0.001). Conclusions: Our risk‐adjusted event‐free survival analysis indicates a prognostic benefit for DES utilization that sustains up to 5 years following PCI. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Drug‐eluting stents versus bare‐metal stents for treatment of bare‐metal in‐stent restenosis
Authors: Singh Inder M. , Filby Steven J. , El Sakr Fredy , Gorodeski Eiran Z. , Lincoff A. Michael , Ellis Stephen G. , Shishehbor Mehdi H. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjectives: We compared the long‐term outcomes of drug‐eluting stents (DES) versus bare‐metal stents (BMS) for treatment of bare‐metal in‐stent restenosis (ISR). Background: There are no randomized trials or observational studies directly comparing the safety and efficacy of DES versus BMS for treatment of bare‐metal ISR. Methods: We examined data on all patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ISR at Cleveland Clinic between 05/1999 and 06/2007. We compared the efficacy and safety of DES to BMS for treating bare‐metal ISR. The primary end point was a composite of death, myocardial infarction (MI), or target lesion revascularization (TLR). The secondary endpoints were individual components of the primary endpoint. Results: Of the 931 patients identified over 8 years, 706 had bare‐metal ISR and met our study criteria. Of the 706 patients with bare‐metal ISR, 362 were treated with DES and 344 with BMS. There were 230 cumulative events for a median follow‐up of 3.2 years. After adjusting for 27 variables, DES were associated with lower primary endpoint compared to BMS for treatment of bare‐metal ISR (21% vs. 45%, adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.42–0.95; P = 0.03). The individual secondary endpoint of death (8% vs. 24%, P = 0.005) favored DES, but MI (3% vs. 8%, P = 0.31), and TLR (13% vs. 20%, P = 0.23) failed to reach statistical significance. Conclusions: In our multivariate analysis of patients with bare‐metal ISR, DES use was associated with significantly lower death, MI, or TLR when compared to BMS. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of Highly Substituted Cyclobutane Fused‐Ring Systems from N‐Vinyl β‐Lactams through a One‐Pot Domino Process
Authors: Cheung Lawrence L. W. , Yudin Andrei K. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn this contribution, aminocyclobutanes, as well as eight‐membered enamide rings, have been made from N‐vinyl β‐lactams. The eight‐membered products have been formed by a [3,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement, whereas the aminocyclobutanes have been derived from a domino [3,3]‐rearrangement/6π‐electrocyclisation process. The aminocyclobutanes have been obtained in a highly diastereoselective fashion. The cyclobutane ring system tolerates fusion even if adjacent quaternary centres are present. Systems containing up to four fused rings are readily accessible. The reaction profile has been investigated by using Gaussian 03. This study suggests that two reaction pathways for aminocyclobutane formation are possible. In one pathway the [3,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement is the rate‐limiting step and in the second pathway the electrocyclisation is rate limiting. Taken together, these reactions should facilitate the construction of fused heterocycles.
Gender Differences in the Treatment of Non–ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Tavris Dale , Shoaibi Azadeh , Chen Anita Y. , Uchida Takahiro , Roe Matthew T. , Chen Jiping 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundWomen are at greater risk for worse outcomes associated with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) than are men. One explanation may be that they tend to be treated less aggressively than men even when more aggressive treatment is warranted. The purpose of this analysis was to assess this issue.MethodsWe used the Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes with Early Implementation (CRUSADE) Quality Improvement Initiative registry, an observational data collection that began in November 2001, with retrospective data collection from January 2001 to December 2006. A total of 32 888 subjects met the inclusion/exclusion criteria for our study, based on strong biochemical evidence of myocardial infarction and acute onset of typical cardiac chest pain. We stratified subjects into 16 cells for coronary intervention, based on 4 age groups and 4 cardiac catheterization findings (insignificant, 1‐vessel disease, 2‐vessel disease, 3‐vessel disease). We also stratified subjects into 20 cells for medical treatment, based on 4 age groups and 5 medical treatments. In each cell we compared the rate of coronary intervention (coronary artery bypass grafting or percutaneous coronary intervention) or medical treatment (glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, aspirin, clopidogrel, β‐blocker, and statins) for men vs women.ResultsMen demonstrated significantly higher rates (P < 0.05) of coronary intervention in 7 of the 16 cells and 9 of the 20 medical treatment cells, compared to no cells in which women had statistically higher rates than men.ConclusionThese findings suggest that men are more likely than women to receive coronary intervention and to be medically treated when presenting with evidence of non–ST‐segment myocardial infarction, controlled for age, cardiac catheterization findings, and biochemical evidence of myocardial infarction. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Restrictive Right Ventricular Physiology and Right Ventricular Fibrosis as Assessed by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance and Exercise Capacity After Biventricular Repair of Pulmonary Atresia and Intact Ventricular Septum
Authors: Liang Xue‐Cun , Lam WWM , Cheung EWY , Wu AKP , Wong Sophia J. , Cheung Yiu‐Fai 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe hypertrophic myocardium, myocardial fiber disarray, and endocardial fibroelastosis in pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum (PAIVS) may provide anatomic substrates for restrictive filling of the right ventricle.HypothesisRestrictive right ventricle (RV) physiology is related to RV fibrosis and exercise capacity in patients after biventricular repair of PAIVS.MethodsA total of 27 patients, age 16.5 ± 5.6 years, were recruited after biventricular repair of PAIVS. Restrictive RV physiology was defined by the presence of antegrade diastolic pulmonary flow and RV fibrosis assessed by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiac magnetic resonance. Their RV function was compared with that of 27 healthy controls and related to RV LGE score and exercise capacity.ResultsCompared with controls, PAIVS patients had lower tricuspid annular systolic and early diastolic velocities, RV global longitudinal systolic strain, systolic strain rate, and early and late diastolic strain rates (all P < 0.05). A total of 22 (81%, 95% confidence interval: 62%–94%) PAIVS patients demonstrated restrictive RV physiology. Compared to those without restrictive RV physiology (n = 5), these 22 patients had lower RV global systolic strain, lower RV systolic and early diastolic strain rates, higher RV LGE score, and a greater percent of predicted maximum oxygen consumption (all P < 0.05).ConclusionRestrictive RV physiology reflects RV diastolic dysfunction and is associated with more severe RV fibrosis but better exercise capacity in patients after biventricular repair of PAIVS. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
“Switchable Water”: Aqueous Solutions of Switchable Ionic Strength
Authors: Mercer Sean M. , Jessop Philip G. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract“Salting out” is a standard method for separating water‐soluble organic compounds from water. In this method, adding a large amount of salt to the aqueous solution forces the organic compound out of the aqueous phase. However, the method can not be considered sustainable because it creates highly salty water. A greener alternative would be a method that allows reversible salting out. Herein, we describe aqueous solutions of switchable ionic strength. Aqueous solutions of a diamine in water have essentially zero ionic strength but are converted by CO2 into solutions of high ionic strength. The change is reversible. Application to the reversible salting out of THF from water is described.