bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional health literacy, medication‐taking self‐efficacy and adherence to antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Colbert Alison M. , Sereika Susan M. , Erlen Judith A. 
Published: April 2012

colbert a.m., sereika s.m. & erlen j.a. (2012) Functional health literacy, medication‐taking self‐efficacy and adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Journal of Advanced Nursing69(2), 295–304. doi: 10.1111/j.1365‐2648.2012.06007.xAbstractAims.  To report a study of the relationship between functional health literacy and medication adherence, as mediated by medication‐taking self‐efficacy, while controlling for the effect of key demographic variables (such as race, income and level of education).Background.  Medication adherence is critical to successful HIV/AIDS self‐management. Despite simplified regimens and the availability of tools to assist with medication‐taking, adherence remains a challenge for many people living with HIV/AIDS.Design.  Cross‐sectional, secondary analysis.Methods.  Data for this study of 302 adults living with HIV/AIDS who were taking antiretroviral medications were collected from January 2004–December 2007. Medication adherence was measured using electronic event monitors. Bivariate analyses and stepwise regression were conducted to examine the associations among functional health literacy, medication‐taking self‐efficacy and HIV medication adherence.Results.  Overall, functional health literacy was much higher than expected; however, adherence in this sample was sub‐optimal. Higher medication‐taking self‐efficacy was associated with higher medication adherence; however, functional health literacy was not significantly related to either medication adherence or self‐efficacy beliefs. Hence, medication‐taking self‐efficacy did not mediate the relationship between functional health literacy and medication adherence.Conclusions.  Medication adherence continues to be an issue for people living with HIV/AIDS. Additional research is needed to understand the disparate findings related to functional health literacy and medication adherence in this and other studies examining this association.
Training community practitioners to work more effectively with parents to prevent childhood obesity: the impact of HENRY upon Children’s Centres and their staff
Authors: Willis T. A. , Potrata B. , Hunt C. , Rudolf M. C. J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground:  One in four children in England is overweight/obese upon starting school. HENRY (Health Exercise Nutrition for the Really Young) offers a novel, preventive approach to this problem by training practitioners to work more effectively with the parents of preschool children around obesity and lifestyle issues. The programme is being delivered to all Sure Start Children’s Centres (the UK government initiative providing family support and childcare in disadvantaged areas) in Leeds, UK.Methods:  The evaluation covered the first 12 Centres to be trained (these had a reach of approximately 5000 families). A series of semi‐structured interviews were conducted with Centre managers, and ‘drop boxes’ were provided for all staff to leave their comments. Interviews took place up to 11 months post‐training, allowing a consideration of any long‐term impact.Results:  Data from 12 interviews and 106 comment slips indicated that HENRY training was associated with considerable changes to the Centre environment. Immediate effects included changes to Centre policy and practice, including the provision of age‐appropriate portion sizes and the introduction of healthy snacks; a strengthening of team working and increased staff confidence around tackling lifestyle change; and enhanced skills when working with families. Training also induced changes within the staff’s personal lives (e.g. increased physical activity and family mealtimes).Conclusions:  The findings suggest that positive and lasting lifestyle effects can be achieved by brief training courses involving Children’s Centre staff teams. Both staff and attendant families appear to benefit. The effect on levels of preschool obesity across the city once HENRY has extended to the remaining Centres is yet to be seen.
Role of interleukin‐6 in hemopoietic and non‐hemopoietic synergy mediating TLR4‐triggered late murine ileus and endotoxic shock1
Authors: Buchholz B. M. , Chanthaphavong R. S. , Billiar T. R. , Bauer A. J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground  Early murine endotoxin‐induced ileus at 6 h is exclusively mediated by non‐hemopoietic TLR4/MyD88 signaling despite molecular activation of hemopoietic cells which included a significant IL‐6 mRNA induction. Our objective was to define the role of hemopoietic cells in LPS/TLR4‐triggered ileus and inflammation over time, and identify mechanisms of ileus.Methods  CSF‐1−/−, TLR4 non‐chimera and TLR4 chimera mice were single‐shot intraperitoneal injected with ultrapure lipopolysaccharide (UP‐LPS) and studied up to 4 days. Subgroups of TLR4WT mice were additionally intravenously injected with exogenous recombinant IL‐6 (rmIL‐6) or murine soluble IL‐6 receptor blocking antibody (anti‐sIL‐6R mAB).Key Results  Hemopoietic TLR4 signaling independently mediated UP‐LPS‐induced ileus at 24 h, but chemotactic muscularis neutrophil extravasation was not causatively involved and mice lacking CSF‐1‐dependent macrophages died prematurely. Synergy of hemopoietic and non‐hemopoietic cells determined ileus severity and mortality which correlated with synergistic cell lineage specific transcription of inflammatory mediators like IL‐6 within the intestinal muscularis. Circulating IL‐6 levels were LPS dose dependent, but exogenous rmIL‐6 did not spark off a self‐perpetuating inflammatory response triggering ileus. Sustained therapeutic inhibition of functional IL‐6 signaling efficiently ameliorated late ileus while preemptive antibody‐mediated IL‐6R blockade was marginally effective in mitigating ileus. However, IL‐6R blockade did not prevent endotoxin‐associated mortality nor did it alter circulating IL‐6 levels.Conclusions & Inferences  A time‐delayed bone marrow‐driven mechanism of murine endotoxin‐induced ileus exists, and hemopoietic cells synergize with non‐hemopoietic cells thereby prolonging ileus and fueling intestinal inflammation. Importantly, IL‐6 signaling via IL‐6R/gp130 drives late ileus, yet it did not regulate mortality in endotoxic shock.
Physical Activity in the Prevention of Childhood Obesity
Authors: Guinhouya Benjamin C. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryGuinhouya BC. PhysicalActivity in the Prevention of Childhood Obesity. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2012; ••: ••–••.The current high prevalence of childhood obesity and its co‐morbidities is concomitant with a low level of physical activity and an abundance of sedentary pastimes for Westernised children. To increase the participation of a majority of children in a sustained physical activity, interventions require a fair understanding and consideration of the influences of this behaviour, especially as children are overweight or obese. Basically, the physical activity behaviour of children depends on biological, sociocultural and psychosocial factors and their interplay. The recent literature lends support to the fact that some psychosocial factors such as self‐efficacy and physical competence may be solid anchor points upon which to improve the participation of overweight and obese children in free‐living physical activity. Thus, interventionists should first concentrate on improving these personal dimensions around which physiological and environmental factors might revolve. The development of motor skills may be a good means for enhancing the self‐image of obese children.
Comparative co‐expression analysis in plant biology
Authors: MOVAHEDI SARA , VAN BEL MICHIEL , HEYNDRICKX KEN S. , VANDEPOELE KLAAS 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThe analysis of gene expression data generated by high‐throughput microarray transcript profiling experiments has shown that transcriptionally coordinated genes are often functionally related. Based on large‐scale expression compendia grouping multiple experiments, this guilt‐by‐association principle has been applied to study modular gene programmes, identify cis‐regulatory elements or predict functions for unknown genes in different model plants. Recently, several studies have demonstrated how, through the integration of gene homology and expression information, correlated gene expression patterns can be compared between species. The incorporation of detailed functional annotations as well as experimental data describing protein–protein interactions, phenotypes or tissue specific expression, provides an invaluable source of information to identify conserved gene modules and translate biological knowledge from model organisms to crops. In this review, we describe the different steps required to systematically compare expression data across species. Apart from the technical challenges to compute and display expression networks from multiple species, some future applications of plant comparative transcriptomics are highlighted.
Anaphylaxis to pork kidney is related to IgE antibodies specific for galactose‐alpha‐1,3‐galactose
Authors: Morisset M. , Richard C. , Astier C. , Jacquenet S. , Croizier A. , Beaudouin E. , Cordebar V. , Morel‐Codreanu F. , Petit N. , Moneret‐Vautrin D. A. , Kanny G. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundCarbohydrate‐specific IgE antibodies present on nonprimate mammalian proteins were incriminated recently in delayed meat anaphylaxis. The aim of this study was to explore whether anaphylaxis to mammalian kidney is also associated with galactose‐α‐1,3‐galactose (αGal)‐specific IgE.MethodsFourteen patients with anaphylaxis to pork or beef kidney underwent prick tests to meat and kidney. Some patients also underwent skin tests to Erbitux® (cetuximab). IgE antibodies to αGal, swine urine proteins, beef and pork meat, serum albumin proteins, cat, and rFel d 1 were measured by ImmunoCAP®. The αGal levels were estimated in meats and kidney by ELISA inhibition assay. Cross‐reactivity between αGal and pork kidney was studied with the ImmunoCAP® inhibition assay.ResultsAmong the 14 patients, 12 presented with anaphylactic shock. Reactions occurred within 2 h from exposure in 67% of patients. Associated risk factors were observed in 10 cases, and alcohol was the main cofactor. Three patients underwent an oral challenge to pork kidney, and anaphylaxis occurred after ingestion of small quantities (1–2 g). Prick tests to kidney were positive in 54% of patients. All tested patients showed positive skin tests to Erbitux®. All patients tested positive for IgE to αGal, with levels ranging from 0.4 to 294 kU/l. IgE binding to αGal was inhibited by raw pork kidney extract (mean, 77%; range, 55–87%), which showed a high amount of αGal determinants.ConclusionsPork or beef kidney anaphylaxis is related to αGal IgE. Its peculiar severity could be due to an elevated content of αGal epitopes in kidney.
Association between residence location and likelihood of transplantation among pediatric dialysis patients
Authors: Samuel Susan M. , Hemmelgarn Brenda , Nettel‐Aguirre Alberto , Foster Bethany , Soo Andrea , Alexander R. Todd , Tonelli Marcello ,   Pediatric Renal Outcomes Canada Group
Published: April 2012

Samuel SM, Hemmelgarn B, Nettel‐Aguirre A, Foster B, Soo A, Alexander RT, Tonelli M, Pediatric Renal Outcomes Canada Group. Association between residence location and likelihood of transplantation among pediatric dialysis patients.Abstract:  Many children with ESRD reside far from a kidney transplant center. It is unknown whether this geographical barrier affects likelihood of transplantation. We used data from a national ESRD database. Patients ≤18 yr old who started renal replacement in nine Canadian provinces during 1992–2007 were followed until death or last contact. Primary outcome was kidney transplantation (living or deceased donor). Distance between nearest pediatric transplant center and each patient’s residence was categorized as: <50, 50 to <150, 150 to <300, and ≥300 km. Using survival analysis, we compared likelihood of transplantation between whites and non‐whites living in various distance categories. Among 728 patients, 52.2% were males and 62.5% were whites. Compared to white children living <50 km from a transplant center, white (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.56–0.95) and non‐white (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.48–0.92) children living ≥300 km away were less likely to receive a transplant. Non‐white children living <50 km away (HR, 0.59; 95% CI 0, 45–0.78) were also less likely to receive a transplant compared to otherwise similar whites living <50 km away. Although equitable access to transplantation by residence location is observed among remote‐dwelling adults with ESRD, white and non‐white children with ESRD living ≥300 km from a transplant center were less likely to receive transplants.
Genetic identification of members of the Bemisia tabaci cryptic species complex from South Africa reveals native and introduced haplotypes
Authors: Esterhuizen L. L. , Mabasa K. G. , van Heerden S. W. , Czosnek H. , Brown J. K. , van Heerden H. , Rey M. E. C. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe whitefly Bemisia tabaci cryptic species complex contains some important agricultural pest and virus vectors. Members of the complex have become serious pests in South Africa (SA) because of their feeding habit and their ability to transmit begomovirus species. Despite their economic importance, studies on the biology and distribution of B. tabaci in SA are limited. To this end, a survey was made to investigate the diversity and distribution of B. tabaci cryptic species in eight geographical locations (provinces) in SA, between 2002 and 2009, using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) sequences. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of members from two endemic sub‐Saharan Africa (SSAF) subclades coexisting with two introduced putative species. The SSAF‐1 subclade includes cassava host‐adapted B. tabaci populations, whereas the whiteflies collected from cassava and non‐cassava hosts formed a distinct subclade, referred to as SSAF‐5, and represent a new subclade among previously recognized southern Africa clades. Two introduced cryptic species, belonging to the Mediterranean and Middle East–Asia minor 1 clades, were identified and include the B and Q types. The B type showed the widest distribution, being present in five of the eight provinces explored in SA, infesting several host plants and predominating over the indigenous haplotypes. This is the first report of the occurrence of the exotic Q type in SA alongside the more widely distributed B type. Furthermore, mtCOI PCR‐RFLP was developed for the SA context to allow rapid discrimination between the B, Q and SSAF putative species. The capacity to manage pests and disease effectively relies on knowledge of the identity of the agents causing the damage. Therefore, this study contributes to the understanding of South African B. tabaci species diversity, information needed for the development of knowledge‐based disease management practices.
Nationwide survey of adolescents and young adults with end‐stage kidney disease
Authors: RITCHIE ANGUS G , CLAYTON PHILIP A , MACKIE FIONA E , KENNEDY SEAN E 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT:Aim:  To better understand the health‐care needs of adolescents and young adults (AYA) with end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD), we sought to describe the demographic characteristics of a national cohort.Methods:  Data were retrieved from the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry. We included all patients aged 15–25 years, living in Australia and receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT) on 31 December 2009. Data included race, aetiology of kidney disease, postal code, transition and migration history.Results:  A total of 495 AYA were receiving RRT in Australia giving a prevalence of 143 per million age‐related population. Sixty‐three per cent had a functioning transplant, 24% were receiving haemodialysis and 13% peritoneal dialysis. Median current age was 22 years (interquartile range (IQR) 19–24). The most prevalent cause of ESKD was glomerulonephritis (33%). The majority of patients lived in capital cities. Indigenous patients were more likely to live in more remote areas. Eighty‐five per cent of patients were currently receiving care at an adult unit and 35% of these patients had transitioned from a paediatric unit since starting RRT. The median number of patients per adult unit was 5 (IQR 3–10).Conclusions:  The majority of Australian AYA with ESKD are managed in adult units; however, the number at any one unit is low. As most live in the capital cities there may be an opportunity to establish centralized services designed to cater for the needs of AYA patients. However, the needs of patients living in more remote areas, including a significant proportion of Indigenous patients, may not be met by such a model.
Vitamin D deficiency, CD4+CD28null cells and accelerated atherosclerosis in chronic kidney disease
Authors: YADAV ASHOK KUMAR , BANERJEE DEBASISH , LAL ANUPAM , JHA VIVEKANAND 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT:Aim:  Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. The role of vitamin D remains controversial in this process. We evaluated the relationship between 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, abnormal T helper cells (CD4+CD28null cells), systemic inflammation and atherosclerosis in CKD patients.Methods:  A total of 101 stage 4–5 non‐dialysis CKD patients and 40 healthy controls were studied. Common carotid artery intima media thickness (CCA‐IMT) was measured with an ultrasound system. 25(OH) vitamin D and highly sensitive C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) were measured in serum by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The frequency of circulating CD4+CD28null cells was evaluated by flowcytometry.Results:  CKD subjects exhibited higher CCA‐IMT (0.71 ± 0.01 vs 0.56 ± 0.01 mm, P < 0.0001), hsCRP (90.7 ± 5.8 vs 50.1 ± 8.6 µg/mL, P < 0.0001), CD4+CD28null cell frequency (9.1 ± 0.9 vs 3.6 ± 0.5%, P < 0.0001) and lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels (17.9 ± 1.9 vs 26.9 ± 3.5 ng/mL, P < 0.0001). In CKD subjects, serum 25 (OH) vitamin D level showed a strong inverse correlation with CCA‐IMT (r = −0.729, P < 0.0001) and correlated with CD4+CD28null cell frequency (r = −0.249, P = 0.01) and hsCRP (r = −0.2, P = 0.047). We also noted correlation of IMT with patient age (r = 0.291, P = 0.004) and CD4+CD28null cells (r = 0.34, P = 0.001). On multiple regression analysis, 25(OH) vitamin D level, diabetic status and CD4+CD28null cell frequency exhibited independent association with IMT in CKD subjects.Conclusions:  Vitamin D deficiency, inflammatory activation and higher frequency of CD4+CD28null T lymphocyte population correlate with preclinical atherosclerotic changes in CKD population. These findings suggest possible linkage between vitamin D metabolism and T cell modulation – abnormalities that may contribute to development of atherosclerosis in CKD.
Lack of individualized perspective: A qualitative study of diabetes care for immigrants in Sweden
Authors: Brämberg Elisabeth Björk , Dahlborg‐Lyckhage Elisabeth , Määttä Sylvia 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis study describes the care provided by a diabetes nurse specialist, and the care needs expressed by people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and an immigrant background. Clinical encounters between a diabetes nurse specialist and 10 people diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus were observed and analyzed by means of qualitative content analysis. One theme, “the diabetes nurse specialist as the conductor of the visit”, and four categories emerged from the findings, illustrating the power imbalance between the patients and the diabetes nurse specialist, as well as the lack of an individual perspective. Shifting from a medical perspective to one of openness towards the people's experiences provides a possibility for caregivers to empower patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus. The medical perspective seemed to steer the visit towards curative activities. Thus, technique‐centered care should be developed by including individualized care.
Changes in liquid emptying in migraine patients: diagnosed with liquid phase gastric emptying scintigraphy
Authors: Yalcin H. , Okuyucu E. E. , Ucar E. , Duman T. , Yilmazer S. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractGastric stasis is suspected mostly to be encountered during acute migraine attack. The aim of this study is to evaluate the liquid phase gastric emptying and motility in migraine patients in ictal and interictal periods in comparison to normal subjects with gastric emptying scintigraphy. Seven women with migraine and age, sex matched controls who applied to the Neurology Department from May 2009 to May 2010 were compared. Gastric emptying study with a standard liquid was performed one time in the non‐migraineur group and two times in the migraineur group. Non‐migraineur controls and migraineurs were compared. The mean T1/2 was longer in ictal period in migraineurs. The T1/2 of migraineurs interictally and the control groups were similar. The T1/2 of migraineurs ictally and migraineurs interictally were also compared. We also considered the percentage of the radioactive material remaining in the stomach. There were no significant differences between non‐migraineurs and migraineurs interictally. However, increased amount of radioactive material remaining in the stomach was observed in migraineurs ictally. We concluded that the liquid emptying was delayed in spontaneous migraine attacks in migraine without aura, however in the interictal period the emptying of liquids did not differ between migraineurs and non‐migraineurs.
Relationship between nutrition status and dental occlusion in community‐dwelling frail elderly people
Authors: Kikutani Takeshi , Yoshida Mitsuyoshi , Enoki Hiromi , Yamashita Yoshihisa , Akifusa Sumio , Shimazaki Yoshihiro , Hirano Hirohiko , Tamura Fumio 
Published: April 2012

Aim:  This study aimed to determine the risk of malnutrition in some communities where the frail elderly receive public long‐term care insurance. We also clarified the dental problems in those at risk of malnutrition.Methods:  A total of 716 frail elderly who lived in eight cities in Japan (240 males and 476 females with a mean age of 83.2 ± 8.6 years) were divided into three groups according to Mini Nutritional Assessment short form results: well nourished, at risk of malnutrition and malnourished. They were also divided into three groups in terms of remaining teeth occlusion and denture occlusion: group A, natural dentition with adequate function; group B, partially or fully edentulous, but maintaining functional occlusion with dentures in either or both jaws; and group C, functionally inadequate occlusion with no dentures. The relationship between nutrition status and dental occlusion was evaluated using logistic regression analysis with sex, age, activities of daily living and cognitive function as covariates.Results:  The number of participants in each of the groups was as follows: 251 well nourished, 370 at risk of malnutrition and 95 malnourished. When they were divided into just two groups, (i) well nourished and (ii) at risk of malnutrition plus malnourished, in order to study malnutrition risk factors, there were significant relationships between their nutritious status and sex, Barthel index, and occlusion.Conclusion:  This large‐scale cross‐sectional survey showed that loss of natural teeth occlusion was a risk factor for malnutrition among community‐dwelling frail elderly. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013; 13: 50–54.