bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Stress Barriers and Fracture Toughness Heterogeneities Arrest Buoyant Hydraulic Fractures
Authors: Möri Andreas , Peruzzo Carlo , Garagash Dmitry , Lecampion Brice 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn our study, we investigated the impact of changes in Mode I fracture toughness and stress barriers on fully developed planar, buoyant hydraulic fractures assuming linear elastic hydraulic fracture mechanics. We present scaling-based arguments to predict the interaction type and use numerical simulations to validate our findings. Through a two-dimensional simplification, we estimate the lower limit for the fracture to feel a change in fracture toughness (so-called immediate breakthrough). Our simulations show that this approach only captures the order of magnitude of the toughness jump necessary for immediate breakthrough compared to the actual value due to three-dimensional solid effects, emphasizing their importance in such systems. We show that we can estimate the occurrence of indefinite containment at depth by considering that lateral spreading occurs at an approximately constant height. However, timing predictions in the case of a transient containment suffer from our simplified approach, which cannot model the injection history of the spreading constant height fracture. The same observations regarding immediate breakthrough and indefinite containment hold when considering stress barriers using pressure-scale-based arguments. Our study shows that the required toughness changes for fracture arrest are more significant than the observed values in the field. In contrast, stress barriers with a magnitude of around 1 MPa are generally sufficient to contain buoyant hydraulic fractures indefinitely. Stress barriers, in combination with other arrest mechanisms, are thus the most prominent mitigation factor of buoyant growth in industrially created hydraulic fractures.
Variation of resection margins in oral cancer in dependence of tumor stage and subsite – a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Moratin Julius , Horn Dominik , Oehme Marcel , Semmelmayer Karl , Flechtenmacher Christa , Ristow Oliver , Held Thomas , Engel Michael , Hoffmann Jürgen , Freudlsperger Christian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Surgical resection is a key component of the treatment of head and neck cancer and the achievement of free surgical margins are essential for the patients’ outcome in terms of survival. While there is a general recommendation for a free resection range of 5 mm, up to date, there is a lack of investigations on the quality of tumor resection in dependence of affected subsite and tumor stage. In the presented study, predictors for the achieved resection margins in surgically treated oral squamous cell carcinomas were analyzed.

Materials and methods
A cohort of 567 patients was included in a retrospective analysis and resection status with exact margin ranges were analysed. Tumor stage, affected subsite and the results of the intraoperative frozen section analysis were assessed. Primary endpoint was the achieved resection margin in mm, secondary endpoints were overall and progression-free survival.

Results
The observed mean values of minimal resection margins differed significantly between the investigated subsites (p = 0.042),pathological tumor stages (p < 0.001) and in tumors which demonstrated perineural infiltration (Pn1, p = 0.002). Furthermore, there was a significant impact of the results of the intraoperative frozen section analysis on progression-free and overall survival (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Our data clearly indicate that resection status differs between tumors of different subsites and tumor stages.

Clinical relevance
Clinical procedures should be adapted in order to achieve similar certainty in all resections, and, thus to improve patients’ outcome.
The effect of VR on fine motor performance by older adults: a comparison between real and virtual tasks
Authors: Brazil Cristiane K. , Rys Malgorzata J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVirtual Reality (VR) technology has the potential to support the aging population and improve testing of daily abilities to detect functional decline. In multiple research studies, VR performance of participants has been assessed by measuring time to complete test, but the effect of learning how to use the VR system and differences between real and virtual environments have been understudied, especially for fine motor tasks. In this study, 20 older adults ages 65–84 performed a task that required fine motor skills in real-life and then in a VR replica of the same task. All participants completed the task in each setting with no difficulties. A clear learning effect was observed in VR, which was attributed to learning how to use the device itself. Still, participants could not reach the same level of performance (time) in VR as in real-life. Participants rated the VR task more mentally and physically demanding than in real-life, as well as more stressful, but with an overall low cognitive demand. In an exploratory cluster analysis, participants with an average age of 69 years old had more technological devices, found the VR system more usable and realistic than participants in the group with an average of 76 years old. This study demonstrated that VR influences time to complete a fine motor task, and that learning effects related to the system could be confounded with actual task performance if not properly considered in VR studies with older adults.
Comprehensive Scientific Creativity Assessment (C-SCA): A New Approach for Measuring Scientific Creativity in Secondary School Students
Authors: Xu Shiyu , Reiss Michael J. , Lodge Wilton 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study introduces a Comprehensive Scientific Creativity Assessment (C-SCA) instrument and empirically tests its reliability and validity. While existing instruments to measure scientific creativity generally focus on a single dimension, such as divergent thinking, the C-SCA incorporates scientific knowledge, motivation in scientific creativity and thinking styles within its assessment framework. In this study, the three dimensions of C-SCA were measured using modifications of existing instruments. We provide two versions of the test, to allow tests of the effectiveness of educational interventions on scientific creativity. We incorporated ChatGPT into the scientific creativity scoring process to enhance the objectivity of the scores. Looking ahead, technological advancements hold promise for further improvements in scientific creativity assessment.
Aspergillus awamori: potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities in acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats
Authors: Abd-Ellatieff Hoda A. , Georg Kristen , Abourawash Abdel-Rahman. A. , Ghazy Emad. W. , Samak Dalia. H. , Goda Wael. M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUlcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic colonic inflammation with a significant health hazard. Aspergillus awamori (A. awamori) is a microorganism with various bioactive compounds with natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The present work aimed to elucidate the protective and therapeutic effects of varying concentrations of A. awamori against acetic acid (AA)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in rats. Nine groups of albino male rats were established: a control negative group (G1), a control positive group (G2,AA), and preventive protocol groups (including G3A, G4A, and G5A) that received 100 mg, 50 mg, and 25 mg/kg b.w, respectively, of A. awamori orally and daily from the 1st day of the experiment and for 7 consecutive days. Then, they were subjected to one dose of AA intrarectally on day 8th. G3B, G4B, and G5B were termed as curative protocol groups that received one dose of AA on day 8th and then administered 100 mg, 50 mg, and 25 mg/kg b.w. of A. awamori, respectively, on day 9th and continued receiving these doses daily until day 16th. Rats in the AA group exhibited marked histopathological alterations of the distal colon, with an exaggeration of the DAI. In addition, a remarkable increase in oxidative stress was represented by the elevation of MDA and NO levels with a decline in SOD and GPx activities. In addition, upregulation of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β mRNA expressions and downregulation of Muc2 and Nrf2 levels were detected. Unambiguously, a remarkable anti-inflammatory effect was noticed either in A. awamori prevented or treated groups expounded by reducing and regulating TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β with improved pathological lesion scoring. The Muc2, Nrf2, and bcl-2 gene levels were upregulated and restored also. In summary, the findings in this work reveal that A. awamori supplementation successfully alleviated the UC induced by AA, which had a better effect when administered before colitis induction.
A Review Exploring the Wound-Healing Activity of Self-Healing Hydrogels: Fabrication, Characterization, Mechanism, and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Abd-ElSalam Heba-Alla H. , Refaeey Omar A. , Waked Khaled G. , Elsherbiny Khaled A. , Aleam Aya M. , Ibrahim Mariam Q. , Farag Marina H. , Nasef AbdelRahman M. , ElMeshad Aliaa N. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe natural physiological response to skin injury is wound healing. However, to restore skin continuity, wound healing is a complicated process that involves the collaboration of a variety of cell types and other mediators. This process ultimately results in tissue regeneration and the restoration of skin barrier function. Hydrogels are appealing dosage forms for biomedical regenerative medicine since they are composed of 3D networks with high water content and flexible rheological features. Hydrogels that can self-heal are particularly interesting for wound treatment because they can autonomously restore their original functionalities and repair structural damage. Recently, the use of self-healing hydrogels as biomedical materials has attracted increased interest. In this review, the self-healing systems used in tissue regeneration, especially wound healing, will be explored. A focus on the fabrication methods, characterization tests, and mechanism of self-healing will be introduced, along with the biomedical applications of self-healing hydrogels loaded with conventional and therapeutic biomaterials. In addition, the differences between hydrogels and self-healing hydrogels will be discussed.
Graphical Abstract
“von kindlichen Träumen belogen”: Joachim Ringelnatz’ (ent-)idealisierte Märchenwelt
Authors: Duleba Maxim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEntgegen der Popularität von Joachim Ringelnatz’ (1883–1934) Märchen beim Lesepublikum, fehlt bislang eine diachrone Betrachtung seiner Neigung zur Märchengattung im Gesamtkontext der Entwicklung seiner Poetik. Die Forschungen zu seinen experimentellen Nachkriegsmärchen erläutern deren spezifische tonangebenden, disharmonischen Merkmale und deren Subversion der herkömmlichen Märchenerzählverfahren ausschließlich im Rahmen synchroner—autobiographischer oder parodistischer—Kontexte, welche es nicht ermöglichen, das primäre konstitutive Moment ihres destruktiven Charakters deutlich aufzuzeigen. Daher interpretiert dieser Beitrag Ringelnatz’ bislang unerforschte, auf neoromantische Weise optimistische Einstellung zur Märchengattung im Rahmen seiner Vorkriegswerke: im Gedicht Ein Traum (1906), in den Märchen Der ehrliche Seemann (1908), Der Wunderbrunnen (1913), und in der Märchenerzählung Phantasie (1912). Sein Märchenwerk aus der Vorkriegszeit zeichnet sich durch die Schaffung von Seelenräumen aus, in denen die Neigung zum Seelenleben und zur Kindlichkeit als eine Modalität der transzendentalen Erfahrung der Selbstharmonisierung mit der Welt angedeutet wird. Im Vergleich zur neoromantischen (seelenbeschwörenden) Chronotopik seiner Vorkriegsmärchen erweisen sich die Märchenwerke der Kriegs- und Nachkriegszeit als konzentrierter Ausdruck des enttäuschten Verlusts des Glaubens an das ontologische Potential der Märchengattung und an die inhärente Güte und Transzendenzfähigkeit der menschlichen Innerlichkeit. Ihre Chronotopik stellt eine gezielte Negation der romantischen Märchenchronotopik dar.
Security enhancement of amplitude-shift keying-type asymmetric quantum communication systems
Authors: Wang Tiancheng , Usuda Tsuyoshi Sasaki 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRecently, we proposed an amplitude-shift keying asymmetric quantum communication system and evaluated its reliability when using the quasi-Bell state and two-mode squeezed vacuum state (TSVS) as an entangled light source. In this paper, we evaluate the security of the system and find that either security or reliability can be enhanced depending on the entangled light sources. We also consider an approach to enhance the security of the system as well as its reliability by increasing the number of signal modes. Interestingly, we find that the quasi-Bell state always performs better than the TSVS under certain conditions.
Unlocking the potential of second cheese whey: a comprehensive review on valorisation strategies
Authors: Fancello Francesco , Zara Giacomo , Hatami Forough , Scano Efisio Antonio , Mannazzu Ilaria 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe second cheese whey (SCW) is the liquid fraction that remains after the production of whey-cheeses. SCW appears as a white to yellow/green opalescent liquid with suspended solids and contains up to 6% lactose and variable amounts of proteins, fats, and mineral salts. Due to its organic load, SCW is characterized by levels of Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Chemical Oxygen Demand that are significantly higher than urban wastewater. Therefore, it poses an environmental challenge and represents a significant cost and a problem for cheese production facilities when it comes to disposal. On the flip side, SCW contains valuable nutrients that make it a cost-effective substrate for bio-based productions including lactose extraction, and the production of lactic acid, bioethanol, eco-friendly bioplastics, biofuels, beverages, bioactive peptides, and microbial starters. A search in Scopus database indicates that despite the numerous potential applications, interest in SCW exploitation is surprisingly limited and, accordingly, sustainable management of SCW disposal remains an unresolved issue. In this review, which marks the first exclusive focus on SCW, with the aim of contributing to increase the interest of both the scientific community and the stakeholders in the exploitation of this by-product, the processes aimed at SCW valorisation will be described, with particular attention to its use in the production of beverages, food and feed, single cell proteins and as a source of biodegradable bioplastics, organic acids and renewable energy. Moreover, to provide valuable insights into its applications and innovations, an overview on patents regarding the exploitation of SCW will be presented.
Graphical Abstract
Monitoring of enteropathogenic Gram-negative bacteria in wastewater treatment plants: a multimethod approach
Authors: Stobnicka-Kupiec Agata , Gołofit-Szymczak Małgorzata , Cyprowski Marcin , Górny Rafał L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe wastewater treatment processes are associated with the emission of microbial aerosols, including enteropathogenic bacteria. Their presence in this work environment poses a real threat to the health of employees, both through the possibility of direct inhalation of the contaminated air and indirectly through the pollution of all types of surfaces with such bioaerosol particles. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of enteropathogenic bacteria in the air, on surfaces, and in wastewater samples collected in four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The effectiveness of conventional culture-biochemical, as well as spectrometric and molecular methods for the rapid detection of enteropathogenic bacteria at workstations related to particular stages of wastewater processing, was also evaluated. Bioaerosol, surface swab, and influent and effluent samples were collected from wastewater plants employing mechanical–biological treatment technologies. The air samples were collected using MAS-100 NT impactor placed at a height of 1.5 m above the floor or ground, simulating aspiration from the human breathing zone. Surface samples were collected with sterile swabs from different surfaces (valves, handles, handrails, and coveyor belts) at workplaces. The raw influent and treated effluent wastewater samples were aseptically collected using sterile bottles. The identification of bacterial entheropathogens was simultaneously conducted using a culture-based method supplemented with biochemical (API) tests, mass-spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS), and molecular (multiplex real-time PCR) methods. This study confirmed the common presence of bacterial pathogens (including enteropathogenic and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., and Yersinia enterocolitica) in all air, surface, and wastewater samples at studied workplaces. Higher concentrations of enteropathogenic bacteria were observed in the air and on surfaces at workplaces where treatment processes were not hermetized. The results of this study underline that identification of enteropathogenic bacteria in WWTPs is of great importance for the correct risk assessment at workplaces. From the analytical point of view, the control of enteropathogenic bacterial air and surface pollution using rapid multiplex-PCR method should be routinely performed as a part of hygienic quality assessment in WWTPs.
Exploring the “Urban Advantage” in Access to Immunization Services: A Comparison of Zero-Dose Prevalence Between Rural, and Poor and Non-poor Urban Households Across 97 Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Santos Thiago M. , Cata-Preta Bianca O. , Wendt Andrea , Arroyave Luisa , Blumenberg Cauane , Mengistu Tewodaj , Hogan Daniel R. , Victora Cesar G. , Barros Aluisio J. D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUrban children are more likely to be vaccinated than rural children, but that advantage is not evenly distributed. Children living in poor urban areas face unique challenges, living far from health facilities and with lower-quality health services, which can impact their access to life-saving vaccines. Our goal was to compare the prevalence of zero-dose children in poor and non-poor urban and rural areas of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Zero-dose children were those who failed to receive any dose of a diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) containing vaccine. We used data from nationally representative household surveys of 97 LMICs to investigate 201,283 children aged 12–23 months. The pooled prevalence of zero-dose children was 6.5% among the urban non-poor, 12.6% for the urban poor, and 14.7% for the rural areas. There were significant differences between these areas in 43 countries. In most of these countries, the non-poor urban children were at an advantage compared to the urban poor, who were still better off or similar to rural children. Our results emphasize the inequalities between urban and rural areas, but also within urban areas, highlighting the challenges faced by poor urban and rural children. Outreach programs and community interventions that can reach poor urban and rural communities—along with strengthening of current vaccination programs and services—are important steps to reduce inequalities and ensure that no child is left unvaccinated.
Physiological Age of Potato Seed Tubers of Contrasting Cultivars Hardly Affects Crop Performance in a Temperate Climate
Authors: Zou Chunmei , van der Putten Peter E. L. , Datema Marieke , Mossink Leon , Lommen Willemien J. M. , Struik Paul C. , van Ittersum Martin K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe physiological age of potato seed tubers influences the subsequent field performance of the crop, conditioning its growth and development. This study investigates the effects of the physiological age of seed tubers on the field performance of four contrasting, currently widely grown cultivars (Agria, Festien, Innovator, Lady Claire) across three sites in the Netherlands over 3 years (Cycles 1—3). Seed tubers were produced annually at a single site under uniform conditions, with variations in physiological age induced by applying different storage temperatures (4, 7, 10, and/or 17 °C). Our previous study revealed varying effects of storage temperature on sprouting behaviour among cultivars, suggesting different rates of ageing. After completing the storage season, in the current study these seed tubers were planted in the field and subsequent crop performance was thoroughly phenotyped. Cultivar-specific effects of storage temperature were evident during early growth stages and when seed tubers were stored at 17 °C in Cycle 3. However, within the storage temperature range of 4 to 10 °C, the influence of storage temperatures was small or inconsistent. Overall, effects on canopy cover, stem and tuber number, yield and quality, and tuber yield explanatory variables were limited. The outcomes suggest that while very high storage temperatures should be avoided in regions with long crop cycles, stringent cold storage regimes are unnecessary to achieve optimal growth vigour in potato seed tubers of the studied cultivars in a temperate climate.
Nutritional values, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of selected edible marine macroalgae: a comparative study
Authors: El-Rafie Hanaa M. , Hammam Hussein H. , Ahmed Enas A.-E 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe objective of this study is to assess the chemical composition, nutritional values, and bioactivities of four macroalgae from the Egyptian Red Sea coasts using standard methods. Of these, three Rhodophyceae species, Digenea simplex (D. simplex), Laurencia papillosa (L. papillosa), and Galaxaura oblongata (G. oblongata), and one Phyaeophyceae species, Turbinaria decurrens (T. decurrens), were selected. The results of proximate and chemical composition analyses based on the algal dry weight (DW) showed that carbohydrate content was the highest, ranging from 32.47 ± 1.03% to 45.5 ± 1.23%. Other algal constituents, including ash, protein, moisture, sulfate, lipid, phenolics, and flavonoids, have contents that depend on the algal species. Besides, HPLC analysis revealed that each algal extract contained varying amounts of nine phenolic acids. Atomic absorption spectrometry, the HPLC-Pico-Tag method, the ion chromatography technique, and GC/MS analyses were used to determine the chemical profiles of the elemental, amino acid, halide, and fatty acid of each algal extract. Bioactivities revealed that both the •DPPH and ABTS assays showed that all the algae studied had a significant ability to scavenge free radicals in a dosage-dependent way. They also had strong selective cytotoxic activity against HEPG-2 and HCT-116 cell lines, but only weak activity against MCF-7 and A549 cell lines. Finally, our findings suggested that the selected algae might be efficiently used as nutraceuticals and functional foods, indicating an increase in their proliferation.