bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Waldenström Macroglobulinemia: 2012 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management
Authors: Gertz Morie A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractDisease Overview: Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma with immunoglobulin M (IgM) monoclonal protein. Clinical features include anemia, thrombocytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, and lymphadenopathy.Diagnosis: Presence of IgM monoclonal protein associated with ≥10% clonal lymphoplasmacytic cells in bone marrow confirms the diagnosis.Risk Stratification: Age, hemoglobin level, platelet count, β2 microglobulin, and monoclonal IgM concentrations are characteristics required for prognosis.Risk‐Adapted Therapy: Not all patients who fulfill WM criteria require therapy; these patients can be observed until symptoms develop. Rituximab‐based therapy is used in virtually all US patients with WM and can be combined with alkylating agent or purine nucleoside analog (or both). The preferred Mayo Clinic nonstudy therapeutic induction is rituximab, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone. Future stem‐cell transplantation should be considered in induction therapy selection.Management of Refractory Disease: Bortezomib, thalidomide, lenalidomide, and bendamustine have all been shown to have activity in WM. Given WM's natural history, reduction of complications will be a priority for future treatment trials. Am. J. Hematol. 503–510, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of lanthanide (La(III))‐containing ionomer on thermal stabilization of poly(vinyl chloride)
Authors: Zhu Xiaonan , Song Yihu , Zheng Qiang 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA type of lanthanide (La(III))‐containing ionomer based on acrylate processing aid (ACR) for poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) was synthesized, and influence of the ionomer on thermal stabilization of PVC was investigated with visual color comparison and Congo red methods. Results revealed that the ionomer with a suitable La(III) content behaved as a good costabilizer to PVC. It was able to extend static stabilization time of PVC and postpone “zinc burning.” The stabilizing efficiency of the ionomer to PVC depended on ion content, which was discussed in terms of Eisenberg–Hird–Moore model. Moreover, Fourier transform infrared test verified that this ionomer can react with zinc stearate (ZnSt2) to form some new structures, which is responsible for postponing “zinc burning.” The ionomer and epoxidized soybean oil exhibited a synergistic effect on the stabilizing efficiency of calcium stearate (CaSt2)/ZnSt2 stabilizer to PVC compounds. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Solar wind charge exchange and local hot bubble X‐ray emission with the DXL sounding rocket experiment
Authors: Galeazzi M. , Collier M.R. , Cravens T. , Koutroumpa D. , Kuntz K.D. , Lepri S. , McCammon D. , Porter F. S. , Prasai K. , Robertson I. , Snowden S. , Thomas N.E. , Uprety Y. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe Diffuse X‐ray emission from the Local Galaxy (DXL) sounding rocket is a NASA approved mission with a scheduled first launch in December 2012. Its goal is to identify and separate the X‐ray emission of the solar wind charge exchange (SWCX) from that of the local hot bubble (LHB) to improve our understanding of both. To separate the SWCX contribution from the LHB, DXL will use the SWCX signature due to the helium focusing cone at l = 185°, b = –18°. DXL uses large area proportional counters, with an area of 1000 cm2 and grasp of about 10 cm2 sr both in the 1/4 and 3/4 keV bands. Thanks to the large grasp, DXL will achieve in a 5‐minute flight what cannot be achieved by current and future X‐ray satellites (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Charge exchange in massive star‐forming regions
Authors: Montmerle T. , Townsley L.K. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAs a result of feedback from massive stars, via their intense winds and/or supernova explosions, massive star‐forming regions are entirely filled with hot, X‐ray emitting plasmas, which escape into the ambient ISM. As shown recently by Townsley et al. for several “extreme” cases (Carina, M17, NGC 3576, NGC 3603, 30 Dor), by way of large Chandra ACIS mosaics, extra, non‐thermal emission lines are present on top of the standard lines emitted by hot plasmas. Some of them are very close to lines characteristic of charge‐exchange reactions between the hot plasma and the cold surrounding material, suggesting that this mechanism operates on large spatial scales (several 10 pc) in star‐forming regions in general. The connection with starburst galaxies is briefly mentioned, and it is pointed out that supernovae interacting with molecular clouds may also provide a good environment to look for charge exchange processes (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Butyrate production enhancement by Clostridium tyrobutyricum using electron mediators and a cathodic electron donor
Authors: Choi Okkyoung , Um Youngsoon , Sang Byoung‐In 
Published: April 2012

AbstractElectron mediators and electron supply through a cathode were examined to enhance the reducing power for butyrate production by an acidogenic clostridium strain, Clostridium tyrobutyricum BAS 7. Among the tested electron mediators, methyl viologen (MV)‐amended cultures showed an increase of butyrate productivity (1.3 times), final concentration (1.4 times), and yield (1.3 times). The electron flow altered by MV addition from the ferredoxin pool to the NADH pool was shown by one electron model, implying that more available NADH increased butyrate production. In the cathode compartment poised at −400 mV versus the Ag/AgCl electrode, the neutral red (NR)‐amended cultures of Clostridium tyrobutyricum BAS 7 increased butyrate concentration (from 5 to 8.8 g/L) and yield (from 0.33 up to 0.44 g/g) with no acetate production at all. Given that electrically reduced NR (NRred, yellow) by the cathode was re‐oxidized (NRox, red) in the cells on the basis of color change, electron flow from NRred to NAD+ (i.e., NADH generation) induced an increase in butyrate production. This is the first report to show the increase of butyric acid production by electrically driven acidogenesis. These results show that the electron flow altered NADH formation by electron mediators and by the cathodic electron donor, increasing the yield and selectivity of reduced end‐products like butyrate. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109: 2494–2502. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chip‐based protein–protein interaction studied by atomic force microscopy
Authors: Kao Feng‐Sheng , Ger Waylon , Pan Yun‐Ru , Yu Hui‐Chen , Hsu Ray‐Quen , Chen Hueih‐Min 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn this article, a technique for accurate direct measurement of protein‐to‐protein interactions before and after the introduction of a drug candidate is developed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The method is applied to known immunosuppressant drug candidate Echinacea purpurea derived cynarin. T‐cell/CD28 is on‐chip immobilized and B‐cell/CD80 is immobilized on an AFM tip. The difference in unbinding force between these two proteins before and after the introduction of cynarin is measured. The method is described in detail including determination of the loading rates, maximum probability of bindings, and average unbinding forces. At an AFM loading rate of 1.44 × 104 pN/s, binding events were largely reduced from 61 ± 5% to 47 ± 6% after cynarin introduction. Similarly, maximum probability of bindings reduced from 70% to 35% with a blocking effect of about 35% for a fixed contact time of 0.5 s or greater. Furthermore, average unbinding forces were reduced from 61.4 to 38.9 pN with a blocking effect of ∼37% as compared with ∼9% by SPR. AFM, which can provide accurate quantitative measures, is shown to be a good method for drug screening. The method could be applied to a wider variety of drug candidates with advances in bio‐chip technology and a more comprehensive AFM database of protein‐to‐protein interactions. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109: 2460–2467. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Novel renewable ionic liquids as highly effective solvents for pretreatment of rice straw biomass by selective removal of lignin
Authors: Hou Xue‐Dan , Smith Thomas J. , Li Ning , Zong Min‐Hua 
Published: April 2012

AbstractCholinium amino acids ionic liquids ([Ch][AA] ILs), a novel type of bio‐ILs that can easily be prepared from renewable biomaterials, were investigated for pretreatment of rice straw by selective extraction of lignin from this abundant lignocellulosic biomass material. Of the eight ILs examined, most were demonstrated to be excellent pretreatment solvents. Upon pretreatment using these ILs, the initial saccharification rates of rice straw residues were substantially improved as well as the extent to which polysaccharides could be digested (>90% for cellulose and >60% for xylan). Enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated rice straw by Trichoderma reesei cellulase/xylanase furnished glucose and xylose with the yields in excess of 80% and 30%, respectively. Detailed spectroscopic characterization showed that the enhancement of polysaccharides degestibility derived mainly from delignification rather than changes in cellulose crystallinity. The yields of fermentable reducing sugars were significantly improved after individual optimization of pretreatment temperature and duration. With [Ch][Lys] as the solvent, the sugar yields of 84.0% for glucose and 42.1% for xylose were achieved after pretreatment at 90°C for 5 h. The IL [Ch][Lys] showed excellent reusability across five successive batches in pretreatment of rice straw. These bio‐ILs performed as well as or better than previously investigated non‐renewable ILs, and thus present a new and environmentally friendly way to pretreat lignocellulose for production of fermentable sugars and total utilization of the biomass. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109: 2484–2493. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reproducibility and factors influencing the assessment of the SYNTAX score in the left main xience study
Authors: Garot Philippe , Tafflet Muriel , Kumar Sundar , Salvatella Neus , Darremont Olivier , Jouven Xavier , Carrié Didier , Lefèvre Thierry , Russu Varvara , Morice Marie‐Claude 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground: As assessment of SYNTAX score is made by visual estimate of coronary angiography, discrepancies between evaluations by different observers and the impact of observer experience have not yet been evaluated. Methods: Using the data of 166 patients with unprotected left main lesions treated with the second generation everolimus‐eluting stent, we sought to analyze SYNTAX score assessment provided by one junior and two independent senior observers and to assess the impact of the quality of angiographies on the reproducibility of SYNTAX score determination. Intra‐observer variability was assessed by a senior observer by analyzing 50 sets of angiograms after an interval of at least 6 weeks. Results: The weighted kappa value for the inter‐observer reproducibility of SYNTAX score classified as tertiles, according to SYNTAX trial, was 0.71 and the intra‐observer weighted kappa value was 0.79. When compared with junior's measurements, SYNTAX score assessed by senior investigators was 0.46 and 0.50. Changes in SYNTAX score classification were arbitrarily responsible for changes in weighted kappa values. Angiograms showing the higher rates of discrepancies between observers were of lower quality, when compared with random angiograms. SYNTAX score was closely correlated to 1‐year incidence of major adverse cerebro‐ and cardiovascular events for both junior and senior readers. Conclusions: SYNTAX score was slightly underestimated by junior reader, when compared with experienced operators. Inter‐ and intra‐observer reproducibility of experienced operators was very acceptable. SYNTAX score evaluation was clearly related to the quality of angiograms. SYNTAX score was correlated to 1‐year incidence of major cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) in all readers. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Randomized study comparing everolimus‐ and sirolimus‐eluting stents in patients with bifurcation lesions treated by provisional side‐branch stenting
Authors: Pan Manuel , Medina Alfonso , Suárez de Lezo Jose , Romero Miguel , Segura Jose , Martín Pedro , Suárez de Lezo Javier , Hernandez Enrique , Mazuelos Francisco , Ojeda Soledad 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the efficacy of sirolimus‐ and everolimus‐eluting stents in patients with bifurcation lesions treated with provisional side‐branch stenting.BackgroundThe efficacy of everolimus‐eluting stents in bifurcation lesions has been poorly tested.MethodsPatients with all types of Medina bifurcation lesions were randomly assigned to treatment with either a sirolimus‐ (n = 145) or everolimus‐eluting stent (n = 148). We included patients with main vessel diameter over 2.5 mm and side branches over 2.25 mm. Patients with diffuse side‐branch stenosis were excluded.ResultsThere were no significant differences between patients from the sirolimus and everolimus groups in terms of age, risk factors, clinical status, location of the bifurcation lesions or angiographic variables. Immediate results and in‐hospital outcome were also similar in both groups of patients. In‐hospital death occurred in two patients, one from each group. Target lesion revascularization was required in nine patients: four patients (2.7%) from the sirolimus group and five patients (3.4%) from the everolimus group. Late cardiac mortality occurred in two patients from the sirolimus group and in one patient from the everolimus group. Major cardiac event rates at 1 year were similar in both groups: nine patients (6.2%) in the sirolimus group and nine patients (6.1%) from the everolimus group (p: ns).ConclusionsIn patients with bifurcation lesions, no significant differences in clinical outcome at 1‐year follow‐up were observed between sirolimus‐ and everolimus‐eluting stent groups. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long‐term effects on vascular healing of bare metal stents delivered via paclitaxel‐coated balloons in the porcine model of restenosis
Authors: Cremers Bodo , Milewski Krzysztof , Clever Yvonne P. , Aboodi Michael S. , Biedermann Melanie , Thim Troels , Kelsch Bettina , Kaluza Greg L. , Scheller Bruno , Granada Juan F. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundClinical trials have consistently demonstrated benefits of Paclitaxel‐coated balloons (PCB) in particular clinical situations such as in‐stent restenosis and peripheral vascular interventions. However, the long‐term vascular effects of bare metal stents (BMS) delivered via PCB (PCB+BMS) are still unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the long‐term effects of PCB+BMS on vascular healing and neointimal formation (NF).MethodsA total of 208 stents: 56 BMS crimped on PCB, 50 BMS crimped on uncoated balloons (UCB+BMS), 52 Taxus and 50 Cypher stents were implanted in normal coronary arteries of 104 pigs using 1.2:1.0 stent‐to‐artery ratio. Follow‐up occurred at 3, 7, 28, 90, and 180 days. Vascular effects were assessed based on angiographic and histological analysis. Endothelialization was evaluated using an anti von‐Willebrand Factor stain.ResultsAt 28 days, delivery of a BMS using a PCB led to a significant reduction in NF compared to the UCB+BMS and the Taxus stent (P < 0.01). Between 28 and 180 days, the progression of NF tended to be lower in the PCB+BMS compared to all DES groups. At 90 days, the PCB+BMS (2.56 ± 0.43) and the Taxus stents (2.60 ± 0.59) had a trend toward higher inflammatory scores compared to the UCB+BMS group (1.85 ± 1.13, P = 0.09). By 180 days, inflammation and NF had completely normalized between the groups. Expression of peristrut vWF was comparable among all tested groups at 28 days.ConclusionThe long‐term pattern of vascular healing occurring following PCB+BMS deployment appears to be comparable to what has been reported with DES technologies. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
From Cosmic Chirality to Protein Structure: Lord Kelvin's Legacy
Authors: Barron Laurence D. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTA selection of my work on chirality is sketched in two distinct parts of this lecture. Symmetry and Chirality explains how the discrete symmetries of parity P, time reversal T, and charge conjugation C may be used to characterize the properties of chiral systems. The concepts of true chirality (time‐invariant enantiomorphism) and false chirality (time‐noninvariant enantiomorphism) that emerge provide an extension of Lord Kelvin's original definition of chirality to situations where motion is an essential ingredient thereby clarifying, inter alia, the nature of physical influences able to induce absolute enantioselection. Consideration of symmetry violations reveals that strict enantiomers (exactly degenerate) are interconverted by the combined CP operation. Raman optical activity surveys work, from first observation to current applications, on a new chiroptical spectroscopy that measures vibrational optical activity via Raman scattering of circularly polarized light. Raman optical activity provides incisive information ranging from absolute configuration and complete solution structure of smaller chiral molecules and oligomers to protein and nucleic acid structure of intact viruses. Chirality 24:879–893, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phase 1/2 trial of single‐session stereotactic body radiotherapy for previously unirradiated spinal metastases
Authors: Garg Amit K. , Shiu Almon S. , Yang James , Wang Xin‐Shelley , Allen Pamela , Brown Barry W. , Grossman Patricia , Frija Erik K. , McAleer Mary Frances , Azeem Syed , Brown Paul D. , Rhines Laurence D. , Chang Eric L. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:In this phase 1/2 study, the authors tested the hypothesis that single‐fraction stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for previously unirradiated spinal metastases is a safe, feasible, and efficacious treatment approach.METHODS:All patients were evaluated by a multidisciplinary team. Spinal magnetic resonance imaging studies were obtained before treatment and at regular intervals to define both target volume and response to treatment. SBRT was delivered to a peripheral dose of 16 to 24 grays in a single fraction while limiting the dose to the spinal cord. Higher doses were used for renal cell histology. The National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria 2.0 and McCormick neurologic function score were used as toxicity assessment tools.RESULTS:In total, 61 patients who had 63 tumors of the noncervical spine were enrolled and received SBRT between 2005 and 2010 on a prospective, phase 1/2 trial at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. The mean follow‐up was 20 months. The actuarial 18‐month imaging local control rate for all patients was 88%, the actuarial 18‐month overall survival rate for all patients was 64%, and the median survival for all patients was 30 months. No significant differences in outcomes were noted with respect to tumor histology or SBRT dose. Two patients experienced radiation adverse events (grade 3 or higher). The actuarial rate of 18‐month freedom from neurologic deterioration from any cause was 82%.CONCLUSIONS:Data from this phase 1/2 trial supported an expanded indication for SBRT as first‐line treatment of spinal metastases in selected patients. The authors concluded that additional studies that can prospectively identify predictive factors for spinal cord toxicity after SBRT are warranted to minimize the incidence of this serious yet rare complication. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Human immunodeficiency virus‐associated plasmablastic lymphoma
Authors: Castillo Jorge J. , Furman Michael , Beltrán Brady E. , Bibas Michele , Bower Mark , Chen Weina , Díez‐Martín José L. , Liu Jane J. , Miranda Roberto N. , Montoto Silvia , Nanaji Nahid M. , Navarro José‐Tomás , Seegmiller Adam C. , Vose Julie M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare and aggressive B‐cell lymphoma strongly associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The authors conducted a multi‐institutional, retrospective study to describe characteristics and determine prognostic factors in HIV‐associated PBL.METHODS:For this study, the investigators included consecutive, HIV‐positive patients diagnosed between the years 2000 and 2010 whose tumors had a plasmablastic morphology, were cluster of differentiation 20 (CD20)‐negative, and expressed markers of plasmacytic differentiation.RESULTS:Fifty patients from 13 institutions were evaluated. The median age was 43 years, and there was a male predominance. The median count of cells that were positive for CD4 (a glycoprotein expressed on the surface of T‐helper cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells) was 206 cells/mm3. At presentation, 90% of patients had extranodal involvement, 69% presented with advanced stage disease, and 27% had oral involvement. Rearrangements of v‐myc myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (MYC) were detected in 41% of the tested patients. Eighty‐five percent of patients received chemotherapy, with 63% receiving cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone and 37% receiving more intensive regimens. The complete response (CR) rate was 66%. The median overall survival (OS) was 11 months regardless of the intensity of chemotherapy. In the survival analysis, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥2, advanced stage, and MYC rearrangements were associated significantly with a worse outcome, whereas attaining a CR with chemotherapy was associated with a better outcome.CONCLUSIONS:The prognosis of PBL in HIV‐infected individuals remains poor in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. Intensive chemotherapy regimens do not seem to increase survival in patients with HIV‐associated PBL. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Reactions of CS2 and C(S)NPh Adducts of N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes with [Ru3(CO)12]: Remarkable Reactivity of These Betaines Involving One or Two C–S Bond Activation Processes
Authors: Cabeza Javier A. , García‐Álvarez Pablo , Guadalupe Hernández‐Cruz M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractTwo structurally related tetranuclear complexes, [Ru4(μ4‐κ2C,S‐IMe–CS)(μ4‐S)(μ‐CO)2(CO)9] (1) and [Ru4(μ4‐κ2C,N‐TMe–CNPh)(μ4‐S)(μ‐CO)(CO)10] (2), have been isolated from reactions of [Ru3(CO)12] with 1 equiv. of the betaines IMe–CS2 (IMe = 1,3‐dimethylimidazol‐2‐ylidene) and TMe–C(S)NPh (TMe = 3‐methylthiazol‐2‐ylidene), respectively. Both products contain μ4‐S ligands that arise from the unprecedented cleavage of the thiocarbonyl C–S bonds of the corresponding betaines. A hexanuclear derivative, [Ru6{μ3‐κ4C2,N,S‐S(CH)2N(Me)CCNPh}2(μ4‐S)2(CO)14] (3), has also been obtained from the reaction involving TMe–C(S)NPh. This product arises not only from the cleavage of the betaine thiocarbonyl C–S bond, but also from the additional activation of the C–S bond within the thiazole ring.