bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Targeted Metabolomics” in der Biomarkerforschung
Authors: Griffiths William J. , Koal Therese , Wang Yuqin , Kohl Matthias , Enot David P. , Deigner Hans‐Peter 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDer Begriff “Metabolomics” bezeichnet ein wissenschaftliches Betätigungsfeld, das im ureigenen Sinn interdisziplinär ist und in dem analytische Chemie, Plattformtechnologie, Massenspektrometrie und NMR‐Spektroskopie sowie Datenanalyse kombiniert zum Einsatz kommen. Angewendet in der Biomarkerforschung schließt das Gebiet die Pathobiochemie, Systembiologie, Medizin und molekulare Diagnostik mit ein, ebenso wie Bioinformatik und multivariate Statistik. Nachdem Metabolomics‐Ansätze im Screening angeborener Stoffwechselstörungen bei Neugeborenen mittlerweile fest etabliert sind, weitet sich die Anwendung in der diagnostischen Forschung gegenwärtig auf eine zunehmende Zahl an Erkrankungen aus. Hier werden die wichtigsten technischen Voraussetzungen sowie neuere Entwicklungen auf den Gebieten Metabolomics und Datenanalyse herausgestellt. Das Hauptaugenmerk liegt auf der Biomarker‐Identifizierung und ‐Qualifizierung sowie auf “Targeted Metabolomics” mithilfe von Hochdurchsatz‐Massenspektrometrie.
Mouse out root sheath cells cultured on E‐cadherin‐coated dishes exhibit neuronal cell morphology
Authors: Xia Lingling , Liu Qing , Zhou Guangdong , Zhang Wenjie , Cao Yilin , Liu Wei 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTEpithelial cadherin (E‐cadherin) coating system has been employed to culture embryonic undifferentiated cells in order to better maintain stem‐cell self‐renewal function and cell proliferation potential. In this study, recombinant E‐cad‐Fc was used to coat the dish at a concentration of 10 µg/ml to observe the effect of the coating on cell behavior of cultured mouse out root sheath (ORS) cells. The results demonstrated that culturing the ORS cells on E‐cadherin‐coated dishes could lead to neuronal cell morphology change of part of the ORS cells. In addition, Nestin gene expression was upregulated in the cells of coated group compared to the cells of non‐coated group. Particularly, elongated cell morphology with fine cell processes connecting to nearby cells became significant in the subpopulation of the cells that strongly adhered to the coated culture dish. These results preliminarily indicate that E‐cadherin coating may favor the neurogenic lineage differentiation of hair follicle derived cells, which deserves further detailed studies. © 2010 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proper orthogonal decomposition and its applications
Authors: Sanghi Sanjeev , Hasan Nadeem 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) has become a very useful tool in the analysis and low‐dimensional modelling of flows. It provides an objective way of identifying the ‘coherent’ structures in a turbulent flow. The application of POD to the case of a thermally driven two‐dimensional flow of air in a horizontal rotating cylinder is presented. The data for the POD analysis are obtained by numerical integrations of the governing equations of mass, momentum and energy. The decomposition based on POD modes or eigenfunctions is shown to converge to within 5% deviation of the computational data for a maximum of 15 modes for the different cases. The presence of degenerate eigenvalues is an indicator of travelling waves in the flow, and this is confirmed by symmetry in both space and time for the corresponding eigenfunctions. Wave speeds are also determined for these travelling waves. Furthermore, low‐dimensional models are constructed employing a Galerkin procedure. The low‐dimensional models yield accurate qualitative as well as quantitative behaviour of the system. Not more than 20 modes are required in the low‐dimensional models to accurately model the system dynamics. The ability of low‐dimensional models to accurately predict the system behaviour for the set of parameters different from the one they were constructed from is also examined. Copyright © 2010 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ethylene/propylene copolymerization over three conventional C2‐symmetric metallocene catalysts: Correlation between catalyst configuration and copolymer microstructure
Authors: Lu Li , Niu Hui , Dong Jin‐Yong , Zhao Xutao , Hu Xuteng 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis work reports on a correlation between catalyst configuration and copolymer microstructure for ethylene/propylene (E/P) copolymerization using three conventional C2‐symmetric metallocene catalysts, namely, rac‐Et(Ind)2ZrCl2 (EBI), rac‐Me2Si(2‐Me‐4‐Ph‐Ind)2ZrCl2 (SiPh), and rac‐CH2(3‐tBu‐Ind)2ZrCl2 (MBu), with MAO as a common cocatalyst. Copolymerization reactions were conducted in toluene at three different temperatures with varied E/P ratios. Some typically obtained copolymers were characterized in detail using 13C‐NMR spectroscopy, by which triad distribution data were elaborated in a statistical method to determine the reactivity ratios (rE and rP) of the comonomers, which were also obtained by Fineman‐Rose estimation. The production of alternating‐like copolymers from EBI is attributed to the rapid interconversion between two conformation states of the active site, one of which favors the incorporation of propylene but the other one does not. Both SiPh and MBu are structurally more rigid and of larger dihedral angles than EBI; however, SiPh which owns open active site conformation tend to produce random copolymers at all studied temperatures, and for MBu, sterically hindered catalyst, block‐like copolymers were obtained. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Tailoring surface properties of cellulose acetate membranes by low‐pressure plasma processing
Authors: Huang Chun , Tsai Ching‐Yuan , Juang Ruey‐Shin , Kao Hsiang‐Chien 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to tailor the surface properties of cellulose acetate membranes using low‐pressure plasma processing. Argon (Ar) plasma and Difluoromethane (CH2F2) plasma were used to control the surface wettabilities of cellulose acetate membranes. Optical emission spectroscopy was used to examine the various chemical species of low‐pressure plasma processing. In this investigation, the plasma‐treated surfaces were analyzed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, while changes in morphology and surface roughness were determined with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Ar plasma activation resulted in hydrophilic surface. CH2F2 plasma deposited hydrophobic layer onto the cellulose acetate membrane because of strong fluorination of the top layer. The results reveal low‐pressure plasma processing is an effective method to control the surface properties of cellulose acetate membranes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Well‐defined diblock and triblock copolymers for KrF lithography
Authors: Lee Ting‐Yu , Lin Yi‐Jen , Yu Chao‐Ying , Chang Jui‐Fa 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOne of the major components of a photoresist formulation is polymer resin. Well‐defined diblock and random copolymer of tert‐butyl acrylate (tBA) and 4‐acetoxystyrene (StyOAc), as well as triblock and random tertpolymer of tBA, StyOAc, and Sty were prepared by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) process. The polymers all possess Mw about ten thousand and PDI less than 1.23. After hydrolysis under basic condition, the hydroxystyrene (StyOH) analogs are obtained and then are formulated as photoresist. Lithographic evaluation under KrF excimer laser shows that random copolymer based photoresist exhibits better S/L patterns according to SEM images. However, the lithographic performance of the terpolymer based resists is similar. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Novel bioactive scaffolds with fibronectin recognition nanosites based on molecular imprinting technology
Authors: Rosellini Elisabetta , Barbani Niccoletta , Giusti Paolo , Ciardelli Gianluca , Cristallini Caterina 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBiomimetic materials for application in the field of tissue engineering are usually obtained through covalent bonding between the polymer backbone and the bioactive molecules. A totally new approach, proposed for the first time by our research group, for the creation of advanced synthetic support structures for cell adhesion and proliferation is represented by molecular imprinting (MI) technology. In this article, we describe the synthesis and characterization of molecularly imprinted polymers with recognition properties toward a fibronectin peptide sequence and their application as functionalization structures. Polymers, in the form of densely fused microgel particles, were obtained by precipitation polymerization. The imprinted particles showed good performance in terms of recognition capacity and quantitative rebinding; moreover, the epitope effect was observed, with the particles able to recognize and rebind not only the specific peptide sequence but also a larger fibronectin fragment. The cytotoxicity tests showed normal vitality in C2C12 myoblasts cultured in a medium that was put in contact with the imprinted particles. Therefore, imprinted particles were used to functionalize synthetic polymeric films by deposition on their surface. The deposition of the imprinted particles did not alter their specific recognition and rebinding behavior. The most remarkable result was obtained by the biological characterization: in fact, the functionalized materials appeared able to promote cell adhesion and proliferation. These results are very promising and suggest that MI can be used as an innovative functionalization technique to prepare bioactive scaffolds with an effective capacity for improving tissue regeneration. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Biobased composite resins design for electronic materials
Authors: Zhan Mingjiang , Wool Richard P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBiobased materials developed from triglycerides contain a large variety of structures, which makes it difficult to predict their properties. In this study, we used a structure–property relation to design biobased materials, both theoretically and experimentally. A general equation to predict the crosslink density in terms of the level of chemical functionalities of the triglycerides was derived and used as a design rule for high‐crosslinked polymer materials. The twinkling fractal theory and the Clausius–Mossotti equation were used to guide two approaches of synthesis to improve the properties of the biobased thermosets: the biobased resin acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) was either crosslinked with divinylbenzene (DVB) or chemically modified by phthalic anhydride. The DVB‐crosslinked resins had a 14–24°C increase in their glass‐transition temperatures (Tg′s), which was dependent on the crosslink densities. Tg increased linearly as the crosslink density increased. Phthalated acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (PAESO) had an 18–30% improvement in the modulus. The dielectric constants and loss tangents of both DVB‐crosslinked AESO and PAESO were lower than conventional dielectrics used for printed circuit boards (PCBs). These results suggest that the new biobased resins with lower carbon dioxide footprint are potential replacements for commercial petroleum‐based dielectric materials for PCBs. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Physical and mechanical properties of nanocomposite barrier film containing encapsulated nanoclay
Authors: Mirzataheri Mojgan , Atai Mohammad , Mahdavian Ali Reza 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWaterborne poly(styrene‐co‐butyl acrylate) was prepared via miniemulsion polymerization in which nanoclay (Cloisite® 30B, modified natural MMT) in different concentrations was encapsulated. Scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the encapsulation and intercalated‐exfoliated structure of Cloisite® 30B within poly(styrene‐co‐butyl acrylate). The effect of nanoclay content on water vapor permeability, water uptake, oxygen permeability, thermal, and mechanical properties of thin films containing 1.5, 2.56, 3.5, and 5.3 wt % encapsulated Cloisite® 30B in poly(styrene‐co‐butyl acrylate) was investigated. The presence of encapsulated Cloisite® 30B within the polymer matrix improved tensile strength, Young's modulus, and toughness of the nanocomposites depending on the nanoclay content. Water vapor transmission rate, oxygen barrier properties, and thermal stability were also improved. The results indicated that the incorporation of Cloisite® 30B in the form of encapsulated platelets improved physicomechanical properties of the nanoclay‐polymer composite barrier films. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Change in the dominant decadal patterns and the late 1980s abrupt warming in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Lo Tzu‐Ting , Hsu Huang‐Hsiung 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWidespread abrupt warming in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere (NH) occurred in the late 1980s. This warming was associated with a change in the relative influence of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)‐like pattern and the Arctic Oscillation (AO)‐like pattern. The AO‐like pattern has had a dominant influence on the NH‐mean temperature since the late 1980s, whereas the influence of the PDO has weakened. The AO‐like mode appears as part of natural variability in the pre‐industrial simulations of the CMIP3/IPCC climate models. However, its emergence in the late 1980s was not simulated by most models with or without the observed increasing greenhouse effect in the 20th century. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Model of personal attitudes towards transit service quality
Authors: Habib Khandker M. Nurul , Kattan Lina , Islam Md. Tazul 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThis paper presents a critical investigation of reasons for using transit by residents of the City of Calgary, Canada. Reasons for using transit are expressed as functions of people's perceptions and attitudes towards transit service quality and attributes. A multinomial logit model combined with latent variable models is developed to capture unobserved latent variables in defining perceptions and attitudes. Using data from a transit customer satisfaction survey conducted in 2007 by Calgary Transit, this approach models the reasons for choosing transit and tests the significance of two individual specific latent variables: perceptions of ‘reliability and convenience’ and ‘ride comfort’. Many behavioural details are revealed that have important policy implications. Most importantly, it is found that the people of Calgary value ‘reliability and convenience’ over ‘ride comfort’. As for policy implications of the findings, it is clear that improving the connectivity of train service, reducing multimodal transfers, and increasing dedicated right‐of‐ways for transit would effectively increase transit ridership in Calgary. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Randomized clinical trial of gut-specific nutrients in critically ill surgical patients
Authors: Gatt M , MacFie J 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
Inadequate gut function is common and may adversely affect prognosis. However, it is difficult to measure and treatment options are limited. This study evaluated whether gut-specific nutrients (GSNs) could stimulate the return of gut function in critically ill patients, and assessed what effect, if any, this would have on patient outcomes.

Methods
Consecutive critically ill patients intolerant to enteral feeding were randomized to receive a cocktail of GSNs or placebo. Administration was for 1 month and patients were followed for 3 months. The primary endpoint was the time to return of normal gut function.

Results
Twenty-five patients were randomized to each group. GSN administration was associated with a quicker return of normal gut function (median 164 versus 214 h; P = 0·016), attenuation of the acute-phase response and a lower incidence of sepsis (4 versus 13 patients, P = 0·015) compared with placebo. There were fewer deaths by 3 months in the GSN group but this did not achieve significance (2 versus 7 deaths; P = 0·138).

Conclusion
GSNs expedite the return of gut function in the critically ill and improve outcomes. Inadequate gut function may be associated with poor prognosis similar to that of other single organ failures. Registration number: ISRCTN61157513 (http://www.controlled-trials.com).
Simultaneous determination of atorvastatin, amlodipine, ramipril and benazepril in human plasma by LC‐MS/MS and its application to a human pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Pilli Nageswara Rao , Inamadugu Jaswanth Kumar , Mullangi Ramesh , Karra Vijaya Kumari , Vaidya Jayathirtha Rao , Seshagiri Rao J. V. L. N. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA rapid, simple, sensitive and specific LC‐MS/MS method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of atorvastatin (ATO), amlodipine (AML), ramipril (RAM) and benazepril (BEN) using nevirapine as an internal standard (IS). The API‐4000 LC‐MS/MS was operated under the multiple‐reaction monitoring mode using electrospray ionization. Analytes and IS were extracted from plasma by simple liquid–liquid extraction technique using ethyl acetate. The reconstituted samples were chromatographed on C18 column by pumping 0.1% formic acid–acetonitrile (15:85, v/v) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. A detailed validation of the method was performed as per the FDA guidelines and the standard curves were found to be linear in the range of 0.26–210 ng/mL for ATO; 0.05–20.5 ng/mL for AML; 0.25–208 ng/mL for RAM and 0.74–607 ng/mL for BEN with mean correlation coefficient of ≥0.99 for each analyte. The intra‐day and inter‐day precision and accuracy results were well with in the acceptable limits. A run time of 2.5 min for each sample made it possible to analyze more than 400 human plasma samples per day. The developed assay method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in human male volunteers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An ultraperformance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of anastrozole in human plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Yu Jia , He Jifen , Zhang Yi , Qin Feng , Xiong Zhili , Li Famei 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA fast, selective and sensitive ultraperformance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for determination and pharmacokinetic study of anastrozole in human plasma. Plasma sample pretreatment involved a one‐step extraction with diethyl ether of 500 µL plasma. The chromatographic separation was carried out on an Acquity UPLCTM BEH C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of methanol–10 mmol/L ammonium acetate (75:25, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.30 mL/min. The detection was performed on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer by multiple reaction monitoring via electrospray ionization source with positive mode. A high throughput was achieved with a run time of 1.5 min per sample. The standard curve for anastrozole was linear (r2 ≥ 0.99) over the concentration range of 0.0550–27.5 ng/mL with a lower limit of quantification of 0.0550 ng/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision (relative standard deviation) values were not higher than 14% and the accuracy (relative error) was within ±3.2% at three quality control levels. This simple, fast and highly sensitive method was fully validated and successfully applied to a clinical pharmacokinetic study of anastrozole in healthy volunteers after oral administration. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selection and optimization of MCF‐7 cell line for screening selective inhibitors of 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2
Authors: Kim Chi Hyun , Cho Young Sik 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β‐HSD1) produces glucocorticoid (GC) from 11‐keto metabolite, and its modulation has been suggested as a novel approach to treat metabolic diseases. In contrast, type 2 isozyme 11β‐HSD2 is involved in the inactivation of glucocorticoids (GCs), protecting the non‐selective mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) from GCs in kidney. Therefore, when 11β‐HSD1 inhibitors are pursued to treat the metabolic syndrome, preferential selectivity of inhibitors for type 1 over type 2 isozyme is rather important than inhibitory potency. Primarily, to search for cell lines with 11β‐HSD2 activity, we investigated the expression profiles of enzymes or receptors relevant to GC metabolism in breast, colon, and bone‐derived cell lines. We demonstrated that MCF‐7 cells had high expression for 11β‐HSD2, but not for 11β‐HSD1 with its cognate receptor. Next, for the determination of enzyme activity indirectly, we adopted homogeneous time resolved fluorescence (HTRF) cortisol assay. Obviously, the feasibility of HTRF to cellular 11β‐HSD2 was corroborated by constructing inhibitory response to an 11b‐HSD2 inhibitor glycyrrhetinic acid (GA). Taken together, MCF‐7 that overexpresses type 2 but not type 1 enzyme is chosen for cellular 11β‐HSD2 assay, and our results show that a nonradioactive HTRF assay is applicable for type 2 as well as type 1 isozyme. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stabilities of Trityl‐Protected Substrates: The Wide Mechanistic Spectrum of Trityl Ester Hydrolyses
Authors: Horn Markus , Mayr Herbert 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIonization rates of para‐substituted triphenylmethyl (trityl) acetates, benzoates, and para‐nitrobenzoates have been determined in aqueous acetonitrile and aqueous acetone at 25 °C. Conventional and stopped‐flow techniques have been used to evaluate rate constants ranging from 1.38×10−5 to 2.15×102 s−1 by conductimetry and photospectrometry methods. The varying stabilities of the differently substituted tritylium ions account for a gradual change of reaction mechanism. Poorly stabilized carbocations are generated slowly by the ionization of their covalent precursors and trapped fast by water. Better stabilized carbocations are generated more rapidly and accumulate, so that ionization and trapping by water can be observed as separate steps in a single experiment. Finally, highly stabilized tritylium ions do not react with water, and only the rates of their formation could be measured. The ionization rate constants correlate linearly with Winstein’s ionizing powers Y; the low slopes (0.17<m<0.58) indicate non‐carbocation‐like transition states. While the correlation between the ionization rates and Hammett‐Brown’s σ+ parameters is excellent for symmetrically substituted tritylium derivatives, deviations for unsymmetrically substituted systems are observed. The failing rate–equilibrium relationship between the rates of ionizations (log kion) and the stabilities of the carbocations in aqueous solution (pK) may be explained by the late development of resonance between a p‐amino group and the carbocationic center of the tritylium ion during the ionization process.
ChemInform Abstract: Free and Polymer‐Bound Tricyclic Azaphosphatranes HP(RNCH2CH2)3N+: Procatalysts in Dehydrohalogenations and Debrominations with NaH.
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Verkade John G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Density Functional Theory Study of the Gas‐Phase Hydrolysis of Dinitrogen Pentoxide
Authors: Snyder James A. , Hanway Denise , Mendez Julio , Jamka Alan J. , Tao Fu‐Ming 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.