bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Philippine English and commodity formation
Authors: Valdez Paolo Nino , Vitorio Raymund 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article aims to expand the scope of Philippine English studies by investigating the viability of Philippine English as a resource for the contestation of the global–local interface, a perspective that remains understudied in Philippine English studies. We do this by analysing the language of t‐shirts that creatively reappropriate global brands into the local domain, demonstrating the dynamics of t‐shirt production and consumption in the Philippines. Our analysis shows that the use of Philippine English in these products can be viewed as a commodified resource for the expression of local sensibilities amidst the dominance of global consumerism. However, while this reappropriation can be viewed as a form of local expression, it is not devoid of ideological complexities. Although the linguistic market of pop culture provides people with opportunities to contest the global–local dichotomy, it may still tacitly reflect or reinforce structures of linguistic inequality.
Solutions with multiple interfaces to the generalized parabolic Cahn–Hilliard equation in one and three space dimensions
Authors: Liu Chao , Yang Jun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe consider the generalized parabolic Cahn–Hilliard equation
where , the function is the standard double‐well potential and the time region
For and any given integer , we construct a solution with interfaces, which has the form
where is the solution to the Allen–Cahn equation
The dynamics of the interfaces are determined by a Toda system and the functions with have the forms
For and any integer , we construct an ancient radial solution of the form
where all satisfy another Toda system and have the forms
In particular, these Toda systems are totally different from those driving the multiple interfaces of solutions to the parabolic Allen–Cahn equation established by M. del Pino and K. Gkikas [Proc. R. Soc. Edinb. Sect. A, 148 (2018), 6: 1165–1199; and Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire 35 (2018), 1: 187–215].
Development and Validation of Robotic Ankle Exoskeleton With Parallel Nonlinear Elastic Actuator
Authors: Chen Bing , Shi Chenpu , Zi Bin , Qin Ling , Xu Qingsong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This paper presents the development of a robotic ankle exoskeleton for human walking assistance. First, the biomechanical properties of a human ankle joint during walking are presented. Next, design of the robotic ankle exoskeleton is introduced. The exoskeleton is actuated by a novel parallel nonlinear elastic actuator. The cam-spring mechanism in the actuator can function as a parallel nonlinear spring with an adjustable stiffness, and the design of the cam profile curve is described. Additionally, an adaptive controller is proposed for the exoskeleton to generate a desired assistive torque according to the wearer's total weight. Finally, experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the developed robotic ankle exoskeleton. The experimental results demonstrate that during a gait cycle, reductions of 42.7% and 40.1% of the peak and average currents of the driving motor in the actuator are observed, respectively, with the designed cam-spring mechanism. A peak assistive torque of 23.9 Nm can be provided for the wearers by the exoskeleton during walking. With the assistance provided by the exoskeleton, the average and peak soleus activities of the wearers during a gait cycle are decreased by 25.42% and 31.94%, respectively.
Reactive Collision Avoidance Control for Nonholonomic Vehicles and Obstacles of Arbitrary Shape
Authors: Rodríguez-Seda Erick J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Potential field-based collision avoidance algorithms for mobile robots frequently assume vehicles and obstacles to have circular or spherical shapes. This assumption not only simplifies the analysis but also limits the mobility of agents in confined spaces, particularly for vehicles with elongated or irregular shapes. To increase mobility, this letter presents a decentralized collision avoidance framework for nonholonomic systems of unicycle type that considers the non-circular shape and relative orientation of vehicles and obstacles. The framework builds on the concepts of potential field and avoidance functions. However, it proposes using a non-constant minimum safe distance radius that changes based on the shape, relative position, and relative orientation of agents. The control framework is proven to guarantee collision avoidance at all times and is shown, via simulation, to increase the ability of agents to navigate through narrow spaces safely.
The Prevalence of Mental Ill Health in Elite Counter-Strike Athletes
Authors: Birch Phil D.J. , Smith Matthew J. , Arumuham Atheeshaan , Ortiz de Gortari Angelica , Sharpe Benjamin T. 
Published: June 2024

The present study provides a unique contribution to the literature by offering the first study to examine the prevalence of mental ill health and mental well-being of professional Counter-Strike athletes. The sample consisted of 51 current Counter-Strike professionals (Mage = 23.22, SD = 4.7 years; male = 48, female = 3) representing 17.1% of all registered Counter-Strike professionals. An online questionnaire was administered via Qualtrics. We found that one quarter of our sample reported moderately severe (15.7%) and severe (9.8%) symptoms of depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, over three quarters (82.4%) reported symptoms of anxiety/depression using the General Health Questionnaire—short form-12, over half (54.9%) reported psychological distress using the distress screener, and nearly three quarters (72.5%) reported low mental well-being using the Short Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale. Our findings suggest that greater importance should be placed on screening and intervention support by both performance and clinical practitioners to facilitate mental health within the esports ecosystem.
Porcine deltacoronavirus nucleocapsid protein antagonizes JAK-STAT signaling pathway by targeting STAT1 through KPNA2 degradation
Authors: Hu Yating , Hao Chenlin , Wang Donghan , Guo Meng , Chu Hongyan , Jin Xiaohui , Zu Shaopo , Ding Xueyan , Zhang Honglei , Hu Hui 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an enteric pathogenic coronavirus that causes acute and severe watery diarrhea in piglets and has the ability of cross-species transmission, posing a great threat to swine production and public health. The interferon (IFN)-mediated signal transduction represents an important component of virus-host interactions and plays an essential role in regulating viral infection. Previous studies have suggested that multifunctional viral proteins encoded by coronaviruses antagonize the production of IFN via various means. However, the function of these viral proteins in regulating IFN-mediated signaling pathways is largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that PDCoV and its encoded nucleocapsid (N) protein antagonize type I IFN-mediated JAK-STAT signaling pathway. We identified that PDCoV infection stimulated but delayed the production of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). In addition, PDCoV inhibited JAK-STAT signal transduction by targeting the nuclear translocation of STAT1 and ISGF3 formation. Further evidence showed that PDCoV N is the essential protein involved in the inhibition of type I IFN signaling by targeting STAT1 nuclear translocation via its C-terminal domain. Mechanistically, PDCoV N targets STAT1 by interacting with it and subsequently inhibiting its nuclear translocation. Furthermore, PDCoV N inhibits STAT1 nuclear translocation by specifically targeting KPNA2 degradation through the lysosomal pathway, thereby inhibiting the activation of downstream sensors in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Taken together, our results reveal a novel mechanism by which PDCoV N interferes with the host antiviral response.

IMPORTANCE
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a novel enteropathogenic coronavirus that receives increased attention and seriously threatens the pig industry and public health. Understanding the underlying mechanism of PDCoV evading the host defense during infection is essential for developing targeted drugs and effective vaccines against PDCoV. This study demonstrated that PDCoV and its encoded nucleocapsid (N) protein antagonize type I interferon signaling by targeting STAT1, which is a crucial signal sensor in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Further experiments suggested that PDCoV N-mediated inhibition of the STAT1 nuclear translocation involves the degradation of KPNA2, and the lysosome plays a role in KPNA2 degradation. This study provides new insights into the regulation of PDCoV N in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and reveals a novel mechanism by which PDCoV evades the host antiviral response. The novel findings may guide us to discover new therapeutic targets and develop live attenuated vaccines for PDCoV infection.
Ice Age megafloods through the Cheney-Palouse Scabland Tract, eastern Washington, USA
Authors: Bjornstad Bruce N. , Kiver Eugene P. , Pritchard Chad J. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTA two-day, ~300-mile field trip follows the path of ancient Ice Age megafloods through the eastern Channeled Scabland plexus and explores abundant evidence for the last outburst floods from the late Pleistocene within the Cheney-Palouse Scabland Tract, Washington, USA. Features unique to the scablands include spectacular, headward-retreating cataract canyons; giant ripples, bars, and scour holes along with dry waterfalls; battleship-sized, streamlined loess islands; and anastomosing channel networks. Some noteworthy flood features within the Cheney-Palouse tract include a massive 530-ton, ice-rafted, granitic boulder; the hidden Cove Coulees; and a close-up inside a giant flood bar covered with giant current ripples. Also, along the route are two regions with bedrock fracture zones preferentially and spectacularly eroded by megafloods.Less common, but no less significant, is evidence for much older (&gt;130,000 yr) exhumed, middle-to-early Pleistocene flood deposits. These are recognized by &gt;1-m-thick, pedogenic, calcrete caps and paleosols overlying flood deposits. Some of these ancient flood deposits also have a reversed magnetic polarity of early Pleistocene age &gt;780 ka (i.e., Matuyama Reversed Epoch). Older flood deposits like these sometimes lie deeply buried within eolian Palouse loess. Thus, it appears the growth and erosion of windblown loess hills in the Channeled Scabland also extend back to the early Pleistocene.
Prevalence of urinary incontinence in Brazilian para athletes
Authors: Barbosa Pê Nascimento , Rodrigues Marina Petter , Costa e Silva Anselmo de Athayde , Lemos Carla Iasmin Lima , Magno e Silva Marília Passos 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveTo describe the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) in para athletes in Brazil.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study with Brazilian para athletes with physical impairments from all para sports. The data from 86 participants of both sexes (60 males and 26 females) were collected through an online survey that gathered sociodemographic data and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form, from March to July 2023.ResultsThe prevalence of UI was 45.3% (n=39), with the average impact on quality of life scored at 6.1±3.5 on a scale of 0–10. Most para athletes reported moderate (43.5%) or severe (38.4%) symptoms. The most common type was mixed UI (46.1%), with an average of 3±1.9 episodes of urinary loss per athlete in the last 4 weeks. Adjusted Poisson regression (controlling for sex, age and level of competition) revealed that para athletes with orthopaedic impairments had a 58% lower prevalence of UI (prevalence ratio=0.42; 95% CI 0.24, 0.83) compared with those with neurological impairments. Furthermore, ordinal regression indicated that para athletes with neurological impairments were 147% more likely to experience a progression from ‘severe’ to ‘very severe’ UI (OR=2.47; 95% CI 1.59, 3.93).ConclusionsUI is highly prevalent among para athletes, particularly those with neurological impairments, underscoring the need for specialised genitourinary healthcare and the need for further treatment and monitoring of the condition. There is a critical need to raise awareness among coaches, healthcare providers and the athletes themselves about UI and its impact to foster the comprehensive well-being of these athletes.
Evaluation of an ambulatory care pathway for patients with nitrous oxide-induced myeloneuropathy
Authors: Zaloum Safiya A , Paris Alvar , Mair Devan , Gutteridge Charles , Ayling Ruth M , Onen Barbara L , Walton Joseph , Workman Anna , Villanueva Nelia , Noyce Alastair J 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionCases of nitrous oxide (N2O)-induced myeloneuropathy are increasing at UK hospitals. At our centre, a dedicated ambulatory care pathway, endorsed nationally, was established to treat and monitor patients with N2O-myeloneuropathy in 2021 and refined through three audit cycles. We analysed the outcomes of patients on this pathway to better understand factors associated with non-engagement. Alongside, a novel approach using WhatsApp for questionnaire delivery was trialled in an attempt to improve engagement with treatment.MethodsPatients on the N2O ambulatory care pathway were identified from MDT meeting lists from 9 September 2022 to 25 April 2023. Clinical data were collected via electronic clinical records, including the most recent neurological examination and reason for discharge from the pathway. Patients identified from MDT lists from 27 January 2023 to 14 March 2023 were approached to participate in weekly 12-item surveys, delivered via WhatsApp. This was approved as a service development project with approval for WhatsApp use given by the chief clinical information officer.Results35/56 (62.5%) patients were discharged from ambulatory care due to non-attendance and 17/56 (30.4%) completed their treatment course. The median time from initial presentation to discharge was 49 days. 24/40 (60.0%) of patients with a final neurological examination documented had a residual deficit, with objective sensory deficits most common. 12 patients were approached to receive weekly questionnaires via WhatsApp. 5/8 who expressed interest returned a consent form. All participants were withdrawn due to non-response or participant choice. 1/5 returned more than two surveys.ConclusionDespite poor participation in surveys delivered via WhatsApp, novel approaches are needed to improve engagement with patients on the N2O ambulatory care pathway.
Multiple use of preservative-free single dose unit dexamethasone 0.1% eye drops is safe within 24 hours
Authors: Fierz Fabienne C , Locher Silvan , Bachmann Lucas , Baenninger Philipp B , Bochmann Frank , Kaufmann Claude , Mitrovic Irena , Rossi Marco , Thiel Michael A , Howell Jeremy P 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundUnpreserved single-dose unit (SDU) eye drops are commonly used to avoid benzalkonium chloride-related toxicity. Although intended for single use, many patients report off-label repeated use of SDUs over a prolonged period. We investigated whether repeated use of dexamethasone 0.1% SDUs in the same patient increases the bacterial contamination rate.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled patients scheduled for inpatient corneal and glaucoma surgery receiving dexamethasone 0.1% SDU four times per day from the same vial. To assess contamination rates, one drop from the vial was cultured immediately after opening the SDU (t0), 10 hours later after four drop applications (t10) and 24 hours after opening without further drop applications (t24). Conjunctival swabs were taken before and after drop application. Contamination rate was assessed with a standard clinical culturing protocol without introducing a positive control.Results110 eyes of 109 patients were evaluated. Drops collected immediately after opening the SDU (t0) were contaminated in 9/110 cultures (8.1%). At t10, 13/110 cultures were contaminated (11.8%; p=0.267) and 11/110 at t24 (10.0%; t24 vs t0; p=1.00). In 5 of 21 cases of contaminated drops at t10 and/or t24, the same isolates were cultured from the initial conjunctival swab and the SDU. In three cases, the same bacterial species was found in consecutive samples.ConclusionThe contamination rate of the SDU did not increase after multiple use within 24 hours. Contamination from fingertip flora was more likely than from ocular surface flora. Reuse of dexamethasone 0.1% SDU in the same patient within 24 hours appears to be safe.
How the ‘Health Leader-as-Coach’ benefits health leaders, their teams, peers, organisation and the system
Authors: Day Fiona Jane 
Published: June 2024

One of the main ways in which health leaders at all levels can be developed on a daily basis has been neglected by clinical leadership research, and by the research community generally, relating to the leader consciously using evidence-based coaching skills to positively impact their direct reports, team members, peers, organisations and the wider system in the context of their vocational role, as ‘Leader-as-Coach’.This paper summarises the research on the role of ‘Leader-as-Coach’, and translates the learning from this into the practice of clinical leadership development.Line managers are increasingly expected to use a coaching approach and are in an ideal position to do so. While there are many similarities with professional external coaching, the behaviours of the ‘Leader-as-Coach’ are also not identical and multiple ethical issues can arise.There is no consistent academic definition to describe the behaviours of coaching in the context of a leader’s vocational role, nor yet specific competencies for training or supervision purposes.The outcomes are summarised from the known literature in this field. Individual and system challenges are then discussed and conclusions are drawn about what this research means in practice for clinical leaders and their systems.
Reaching back to enhance the future: the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Pipeline Program
Authors: Strong Bethany Lauren , Silverton Latoya , Wical William , Berry Cherisse , Brasel Karen J , Henry Sharon M 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesThere are significant disparities in the surgical workforce in comparison with medical student demographics. Pipeline programs have shown to be effective in addressing gaps. The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Committee designed a longitudinal pipeline program with high school student mentees and surgeon mentors providing an in-person hands-on workshop.MethodsThe mentee demographics and socioeconomic status at the time of application were determined using overall percentages and the Area Deprivation Index (ADI). Program application essays were qualitatively analyzed for common themes. The pre-workshop and post-workshop and 6-month follow-up surveys were analyzed for mentee experience and areas for improvement.ResultsMentees selected were 30% male (N=3 of 10), 70% female (N=7 of 10), 50% black or African American (N=5 of 10) and 30% Hispanic or Latinx (N=3 of 10). The majority of mentees were in the most disadvantaged groups in their state by the ADI (N=8 of 9, 89%). Many of the application essays highlighted a personal loss as driving the interest in a health career with several of those losses based on ‘gun violence’. There was under-representation in medicine racial/ethnic or gender concordance for 80% (N=8 of 10) of the mentee–mentor pairings. In the pre-workshop survey, even those students with high-grade point averages and strong academic achievement in science courses indicated low confidence in their ability to succeed. Most students (N=7 of 10, 70%) reported a strong positive connection with their mentor in the post-workshop survey. There was a reduction in self-identified modifiable barriers to success for 83% (N=5 of 6) of the mentees. One-third of students who responded to the 6-month survey indicated that they had issues with maintaining contact with their mentors after the workshop.ConclusionThe pipeline program was able to reach the target demographic and increase interest in surgery. Positive mentee/mentor relationships were formed. There are improvements to be made in longitudinal components of the program to ensure lasting results.Level of evidenceIII.
Exploring the contribution of inter-individual factors to the development of physiological heat strain in older adults exposed to simulated indoor overheating
Authors: Meade Robert D. , Akerman Ashley P. , Notley Sean R. , Kirby Nathalie V. , Sigal Ronald J. , Kenny Glen P. 
Published: June 2024

Older adults are at elevated risk of heat-related mortality due to age-associated declines in thermoregulatory and cardiovascular function. However, the inter-individual factors that exacerbate physiological heat strain during heat exposure remain unclear, making it challenging to identify more heat-vulnerable subgroups. We therefore explored factors contributing to inter-individual variability in physiological responses of older adults exposed to simulated hot weather. Thirty-seven older adults (61–80 years, 16 females) rested for 8 h in 31 and 36 °C (45% relative humidity). Core (rectal) temperature, heart rate (HR), HR variability, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and cardiac autonomic responses to standing were measured at baseline and end-exposure. Bootstrapped least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was used to evaluate whether variation in these responses was related to type 2 diabetes (T2D, n = 10), hypertension ( n = 18), age, sex, body morphology, habitual physical activity levels, and/or heat-acclimatization. T2D was identified as a predictor of end-exposure HR (with vs. without: 13 beats/min (bootstrap 95% confidence interval: 6, 23)), seated MAP (−7 mmHg (−18, 1)), and the systolic pressure response to standing (20 mmHg (4, 36)). HR was also influenced by sex (female vs. male: 8 beats/min (1, 16)). No other predictors were identified. The inter-individual factors explored did not meaningfully contribute to the variation in body temperature responses in older adults exposed to simulated indoor overheating. By contrast, cardiovascular responses were exacerbated in females and individuals with T2D. These findings improve understanding of how inter-individual differences contribute to heat-induced physiological strain in older persons.
Choosing the Appropriate HPV Testing and Treatment Algorithm: What Works for Different Contexts?
Authors: Mwenda Valerian , McGrath Christine J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCervical cancer can be eliminated, and the global community intends to achieve this goal in the next century. For this to successfully occur, concerted efforts to implement and scale-up available, evidence-based strategies including human papillomavirus vaccination, screening and treatment of precancerous lesions, and early detection and treatment for invasive cancers is paramount. While the World Health Organization has offered technical guidance and recommendations on implementation, several questions remain unanswered and require urgent high-quality research to inform policy and practice. We discuss the findings from the Cervical Cancer Screening and Treatment Algorithms pilot study in the context of the evidence synthesis conducted for the second edition of the World Health Organization guidelines for screening and treatment of cervical precancer lesions for cervical cancer prevention. Policymakers at the national level must consider the weight of evidence with country-level resources to make decisions on screening, triage, and treatment approaches.See related article by Sebitloane et al., p. 779