bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel theoretical insights into geomorphic process–environment relationships using simulated response curves
Authors: Hjort Jan , Luoto Miska 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRobust models of geomorphic process–environment relationships are important to advance theoretical knowledge of geomorphic systems. Here, we examined a generalized additive modeling (GAM) based approach to provide new theoretical insights into process–environment relationships. More precisely, we (i) simulated the shapes of the relationships between geomorphic processes and environmental variables based on GAM and (ii) compared the shapes of the simulated response curves to (a) the hypothetical curves based on theory and (b) the response curves produced by generalized linear modeling (GLM). Hitherto, GLM was the most common technique to study the relationships between environmental gradients and geomorphic processes. The study is based on empirical cryoturbation and solifluction data and environmental variables from subarctic Finland. Our results showed that non‐linear relationships were more common than linear responses and the simulated GAM based response curves coincided more closely with the hypothetical response curves than did the response curves derived from GLM. The simulated response curves showed high potential in geomorphic hypothesis testing. In conclusion, our findings indicate that careful examination of the response curves may provide new insights into theoretical debates in the earth sciences. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.
Strategies for the Optimisation of the Oxide Ion Conductivities of Apatite‐Type Germanates
Authors: Orera A. , Baikie T. , Panchmatia P. , White T. J. , Hanna J. , Smith M. E. , Islam M. S. , Kendrick E. , Slater P. R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRecently, apatite‐type germanates La9.33+xGe6O26+3x/2 have attracted considerable interest due to their high oxide ion conductivities. Research has shown that the key defects are oxide ion interstitials which lead to the conversion of some of the GeO4 units to GeO5. Consequently there has been a large interest in the preparation of high oxygen excess samples with high defect concentration. This strategy, however, leads to a reduction in symmetry from hexagonal to triclinic for x > 0.4, and consequently to reduced oxide ion conductivity at low temperatures. We present doping strategies to stabilise the hexagonal lattice, while maintaining high oxygen content. In particular, partial substitution of La by smaller rare earths (Y, Yb) is shown to be successful in preparing x = 0.67 samples with hexagonal symmetry and hence high conductivities. In addition, doping on the Ge site with Ti, Nb or W, has been shown to be similarly successful, leading to very high oxygen contents for W doping, e.g. La10Ge5.5W0.5O27.5. In the case of Ti doping, however, there was some evidence for trapping of the interstitial oxide ions around the Ti. Preliminary results on the effect of similar doping strategies on Pr, Nd germanates (Pr/Nd)9.33+xGe6O26+3x/2, are also discussed.
Challenges to screening and evaluation of memory impairment among Hispanic elders in a primary care safety net facility
Authors: Harris Dorothy P. , Ortiz Freddy , Adler Fredric M. , Yu Katherine , Maines Michele L. , Barba Dora , Viggiani Sandra I. , Wolf Sheldon M. , Fitten L. Jaime , Chodosh Joshua , Vickrey Barbara G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectiveImplement a memory impairment screening procedure for elderly Hispanic primary care patients, and analyze its yield and challenges to further triage and diagnostic evaluation.MethodsThree hundred twenty nine Hispanic patients aged ≥60 years or proxy informants were enrolled from outpatient primary care clinics at an urban safety‐net medical center. Patients were screened for memory impairment using the WHO‐UCLA AVLT; for those without consent capacity, proxies were given the IQCODE. Bilingual research assistants conducted in‐person or telephone screening. Age, gender, education, comorbidities, acculturation, overall health, access to care, and memory concerns were assessed as potential predictors of memory impairment. Based on identified implementation challenges, a multi‐disciplinary stakeholder committee proposed revised approaches to increase diagnostic evaluation and sustainability.ResultsOf 677 eligible patients approached, 329 (49%) were screened, and 77 (23%) met criteria for memory impairment using the WHO‐UCLA AVLT (N = 60) or the IQCODE (N = 17). Only male gender and higher comorbidity uniquely predicted memory impairment (ps < 0.05). Few screen‐positive patients declined further triage and evaluation, but a substantial proportion could not be subsequently contacted. Challenges to implementing a memory screening program included staff time and adequate clinic space for in‐person screening; challenges to follow‐up of positive screening results included inability to contact patients and lack of primary care continuity to facilitate further triage and referral.ConclusionsNearly one‐fourth of primary care Hispanic elders screened as memory‐impaired, but few factors predicted positive screening. Stakeholder‐guided adaptations are needed—particularly in resource‐constrained settings—to overcome challenges to further diagnostic evaluation and referral. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of cycloalkenyl geminal bisphosphonates by ring closing metathesis
Authors: Mohamed Salimo , Charmasson Yolande , Attolini Mireille , Maffei Michel 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFive‐ and six‐membered cycloalkenyl bisphosphonates were obtained by ring closing metathesis (RCM) reactions of diethyl bis(alkenyl)methylene bisphosphonates using ruthenium alkylidene catalysts. The substitution pattern on the double bonds involved in the reaction greatly influences the reaction rate. The synthesis of the starting materials was carried out by dialkylation of tetraethyl methylene bisphosphonate or through a Michael addition of Grignard reagents to tetraethyl vinylidene bisphosphonate followed by alkylation, depending on the structure of the required substrate. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 21:332–338, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20622
Diastereoselective addition of Di‐(trimethylsilyl)phosphite to chiral N‐(R)‐α‐methylbenzyl and N‐(1‐methoxycarbonyl‐iso‐pentyl) Schiff bases of various aldehydes
Authors: Lewkowski Jarosław , Karpowicz Rafał 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe addition of bis‐(trimethylsilyl) phosphite to chiral imines of several aldehydes was diastereoselective. The separation of predominant diastereoisomers of a majority of formed aminophosphonic acids has been observed. Moreover, the ferrocene‐derived acid 5d occurred in diastereoselectivity up to 100%. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 21:326–331, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20624
Prediction on effects of absorptivity and emissivity for surface temperature distribution using an improved thermal network model
Authors: Liu Yang , Liu Xue , Li Guohui , Jiang Lixiang 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe conventional thermal network model for satellite surface temperature distribution is directly solved by a new solution method on the basis of the Monte Carlo Ray Tracing (MCRT) method. The solar direct incidence area, the solar radiation transfer coefficient, the infrared radiation transfer coefficient, and the network conduction and radiation coefficients are calculated by Monte Carlo statistical analysis rather than the Gebhart approach. The advantage of the MCRT method is that the surface material characteristics are taken into account in the solving process. The effect of absorptivity and emissivity for temperature distributions is analyzed in detail. Numerical simulation is carried out for the temperature distribution of the satellite surface with different solar incidences of round angle and zenith angle. In the steady stage, the maximum temperature difference reaches up to 200 K and increasing the absorptivity‐emissivity ratio will lead to a rapid temperature rise. In the unsteady stage, the cooling velocity of the main body surface is always smaller than that of the solar array surface and the maximum temperature of the main body is larger than the solar arrays. Under the same absorptivity‐emissivity ratio, the solar incidence angle has a great effect on the uniform character of temperature distribution. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 39(7): 539–553, 2010; Published online 16 July 2010 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20316
Biomechanical analysis of a synthetic, biodegradable impaction graft substitute
Authors: Lutton Cameron , Wheatley David , Wilson Lance , Van der Velden Wietske , Crawford Ross , Goss Ben 
Published: July 2010

AbstractImpaction bone grafting in revision arthroplasty is a common and successful procedure to restore primary bone stock. Reducing the amount of bone needed to fill large grafts has been a driving force for the use of synthetic materials that can act as extenders or substitutes. To this end, we evaluated the mechanical properties of a new class of biodegradable polymer beads with and without donor bone to determine its suitability for use in impaction grafting. Biodegradable methacrylated anhydride beads were synthesized using thermal polymerization techniques. The mechanical properties of the beads were then tested in an impaction grafting test chamber and compared with morsellised porcine allograft. The beads, porcine allograft and a 50/50 combination all had similar mechanical properties, both in compression and relaxation. Pure polymer beads compacted significantly less than pure allograft and retained macroporosity after impaction. Our results suggest that the biodegradable beads have sufficient mechanical properties to be considered as an impaction grafting substitute or extender. Their ability to fill space whilst retaining macroporosity may be advantageous for tissue ingrowth and remodeling. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Polymorphisms in predicted miRNA binding sites and osteoporosis
Authors: Lei Shu-Feng , Papasian Christopher J , Deng Hong-Wen 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate posttranscriptional gene expression usually by binding to 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTRs) of target message RNAs (mRNAs). Hence genetic polymorphisms on 3'-UTRs of mRNAs may alter binding affinity between miRNAs target 3'-UTRs, thereby altering translational regulation of target mRNAs and/or degradation of mRNAs, leading to differential protein expression of target genes. Based on a database that catalogues predicted polymorphisms in miRNA target sites (poly-miRTSs), we selected 568 polymorphisms within 3'-UTRs of target mRNAs and performed association analyses between these selected poly-miRTSs and osteoporosis in 997 white subjects who were genotyped by Affymetrix Human Mapping 500K arrays. Initial discovery (in the 997 subjects) and replication (in 1728 white subjects) association analyses identified three poly-miRTSs (rs6854081, rs1048201, and rs7683093) in the fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) gene that were significantly associated with femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD). These three poly-miRTSs serve as potential binding sites for 9 miRNAs (eg, miR-146a and miR-146b). Further gene expression analyses demonstrated that the FGF2 gene was differentially expressed between subjects with high versus low BMD in three independent sample sets. Our initial and replicate association studies and subsequent gene expression analyses support the conclusion that these three polymorphisms of the FGF2 gene may contribute to susceptibility to osteoporosis, most likely through their effects on altered binding affinity for specific miRNAs. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The role of corroborative evidence in child sexual abuse evaluations
Authors: Herman Steve 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPublished studies of forensic child sexual abuse (CSA) evaluations by mental health and medical professionals and paraprofessionals (MHPs) were analysed in order to evaluate two widely held assumptions. These related assumptions are (1) evidence that corroborates children's reports of sexual abuse is rare in forensic CSA evaluations; and (2) in the vast majority of evaluations, MHPs base their judgements about whether or not sexual abuse allegations are true on their assessments of children's reports of sexual abuse and other psychosocial data. Data from five chart review studies of a combined total of 894 forensic CSA evaluations provided sufficient information to assess the validity of these assumptions. Corroborative evidence was present in 36% of the 894 evaluations and in 54% of evaluations in which MHPs judged the allegations likely to be true, contradicting the first assumption. In the evaluations in which corroborative evidence was present, the presence or absence of a child's report of sexual abuse was only weakly associated with MHPs' judgements about the validity of the allegations (allegations in almost all corroborated cases were judged likely to be true, even in the absence of a child's report), partially contradicting the second assumption. Implications of this analysis for research and policy are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immobilization of heavy metals in soils amended by nanoparticulate zeolitic tuff: Sorption‐desorption of cadmium
Authors: Ghrair Ayoup M. , Ingwersen Joachim , Streck Thilo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractImmobilization of Cd in contaminated soil is a technique to improve soil quality. Zeolites are potentially useful additives to bind heavy metals. This study examines the influence of decreasing the grain size of raw zeolitic tuff to the nano‐range on Cd sorption‐desorption isotherms in a sandy soil. The aim was to evaluate the feasibility of using nanoparticulate zeolitic tuff as a sequestering agent for Cd in soil. Sorption and desorption of Cd on zeolitic nanotuff was investigated in batch experiments. The sandy soil was amended with zeolitic nanotuff, synthetic Al oxide nanoparticles, or raw zeolitic tuff. After a 48 h sorption step, three desorption steps were induced using the sequential dilution method. The measured sorption‐desorption data were adequately described by the Freundlich equation. A nonlinear two‐stage one‐rate model matched well with measured Cd sorption‐desorption isotherms of zeolitic nanotuff, raw zeolitic tuff, Al oxide nanoparticle, and control soil. The batch experiments demonstrated the strong influence of pH on Cd sorption. Zeta‐potential measurements of zeolitic nanotuff indicated that electrostatic interaction was important for sorption. Soil amended with zeolitic nanotuff showed the lowest hysteresis index based on the differences obtained from sorption‐desorption isotherms regarding the amount of Cd sorbed. The index decreased with increasing metal concentration. For soil amended with nanoparticulate zeolitic tuff, the estimated Freundlich coefficient was 4 orders of magnitude higher than in the control soil and 2 orders of magnitude higher than the soil amended with raw zeolitic tuff. In addition, this sorbent decreased the amount of Cd released after three desorption steps by up to 12 and 7 times compared to the control soil and the soil amended with raw zeolitic tuff, respectively. The effect on Cd sorption of grinding the raw zeolitic tuff to the nanorange was considerably more pronounced than the effect of raw zeolitic tuff.
Protective effect of a marine oligopeptide preparation from Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) on radiation‐induced immune suppression in mice
Authors: Yang Ruiyue , Pei Xinrong , Wang Junbo , Zhang Zhaofeng , Zhao Haifeng , Li Qiong , Zhao Ming , Li Yong 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: A marine oligopeptide preparation (MOP) obtained from Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) by the method of enzymatic hydrolysis, has been found to enhance the innate and adaptive immunities through stimulation of the secretion of cytokines in mice. The current study aimed to further investigate the protective effect of MOP on radiation‐induced immune suppression in mice.RESULTS: Female ICR mice (6–8 weeks old) were randomly divided into three groups, i.e. blank control, irradiation control and MOP (1.350 g kg−1 body weight) plus irradiation‐treated group. MOP significantly increased the survival rate and prolonged the survival times for 30 days after irradiation, and lessened the radiation‐induced suppression of T‐ or B‐lymphocyte proliferation, resulting in the recovery of cell‐mediated and humoral immune functions. This effect may be produced by augmentation of the relative numbers of radioresistant CD4+ T cells, enhancement of the level of immunostimulatory cytokine, IL‐12, reduction of the level of total cellular NF‐κB through the induction of IκB in spleen and inhibition of the apoptosis of splenocytes.CONCLUSION: We propose that MOP be used as an ideal adjuvant therapy to alleviate radiation‐induced injuries in cancer patients. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Exogenous methyl jasmonate diminishes the formation of lipid‐derived compounds in boiled potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Authors: Ruiz del Castillo Maria Luisa , Flores Gema , Blanch Gracia Patricia 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: During potato storage the tubers tend to develop off‐flavours, mainly due to lipid‐derived aldehydes, whose formation is increased after boiling or processing. This may become a problem when boiled or precooked potatoes are used. Methyl jasmonate (MJ) is a phytohormone capable of modifying plant and food composition. The aim of this work was to control the formation of off‐flavours in different cultivars of raw potato during storage by MJ treatment.RESULTS: The use of Carbowax 20M as support in MJ emulsion resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) lower levels of lipid‐derived compounds than the use of lanolin. Levels of the lipid‐derived aldehydes propanal, hep‐2‐enal, nonanal, oct‐2‐enal and hexanal, although dependent on variety, generally decreased significantly (P < 0.05) after treatment with MJ/Carbowax 20M emulsion. Sugar‐derived compounds such as pyridine and furfural, however, were not affected by this treatment.CONCLUSION: Treatment with MJ/Carbowax 20M can be used to diminish the formation of off‐flavours in boiled potato. However, this treatment is not useful to avoid the sweetening caused by sugar‐derived products. Additional advantages of exogenous MJ are a delay in the appearance of sprouting and aging and hence prolongation of the storage life of potato tubers. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Clinical and functional outcomes of patients with a pathologic fracture in high‐grade osteosarcoma
Authors: Ferguson Peter C. , McLaughlin Catherine E. , Griffin Anthony M. , Bell Robert S. , Deheshi Benjamin M. , Wunder Jay S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThere have been variable reports of outcomes of patients with osteosarcoma and pathologic fractures. The purpose of this study was to document outcomes after management of this clinical entity at a single large oncology center.MethodsA retrospective review was undertaken of our database between 1989 and 2006. We compared oncologic and functional outcomes of 201 patients with high‐grade osteosarcoma without pathologic fractures to 31 patients with pathologic fractures.ResultsThe rate of amputation in the group with pathologic fracture was significantly higher than the group without fracture (39% vs. 14%, P = 0.001). There was no difference in the rate of local recurrence between groups. The 5‐year survival was superior in the group without pathologic fracture (60% vs. 41%, P = 0.0015). For patients with localized disease, 5‐year survival was higher in patients without fracture (68% vs. 52%, P = 0.006). Disability as measured by the Toronto Extremity Salvage Score was no different between the groups. Impairment as measured by the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society scores was lower in the group without fracture.ConclusionsPresentation with a pathologic fracture in osteosarcoma did not preclude limb salvage surgery in a majority of patients, did not increase the risk of local recurrence, but was associated with poorer overall survival. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:120–124. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interfacing Living Unicellular Algae Cells with Biocompatible Polyelectrolyte‐Stabilised Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Fakhrullin Rawil F. , Shlykova Lubov V. , Zamaleeva Alsu I. , Nurgaliev Danis K. , Osin Yuri N. , García‐Alonso Javier , Paunov Vesselin N. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGreen algae are a promising platform for the development of biosensors and bioelectronic devices. Here we report a reliable single‐step technique for the functionalisation of living unicellular green algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa with biocompatible 15 nm superparamagnetic nanoparticles stabilised with poly(allylamine hydrochloride). The magnetised algae cells can be manipulated and immobilised using external permanent magnets. The distribution of the nanoparticles on the cell walls of C. pyrenoidosa was studied by optical and fluorescence microscopy, TEM, SEM and EDX spectroscopy. The viability and the magnetic properties of the magnetised algae are studied in comparison with the native cells. The technique may find a number of potential applications in biotechnology and bioelectronics.magnified image
A New Biodegradable Flexible Composite Sheet from Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(ε‐caprolactone) Blends and Micro‐Talc
Authors: Jain Shikha , Reddy Murali M. , Mohanty Amar K. , Misra Manjusri , Ghosh Anup K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe influence of talc loading on phase morphology of PLA/PCL/talc composites and improvement in resulting properties are reported. Talc‐based composites of PLA/PCL blends were prepared by melt blending. SEM analysis demonstrates that PLA appears as discrete domain phase, while PCL acts as a bulk phase in the blend. Talc addition decreases PLA domain sizes and voids in the matrix. This results in significant improvement of oxygen and water vapor barrier properties of composite by 33 and 25%, respectively, at 3 wt.‐% talc loading. DSC shows that talc acted as nucleating agent for PCL phase in the composite and improves its crystallinity. Various theoretical models based on dispersion and filler geometry are used to predict the tensile modulus and oxygen permeability.magnified image
Combination Rules for Group Fusion in Similarity‐Based Virtual Screening
Authors: Chen Beining , Mueller Christoph , Willett Peter 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper evaluates the screening effectiveness of 15 parameter‐free, similarity‐based and rank‐based rules for group fusion, where one combines the outputs of similarity searches from multiple reference structures using ECFC_4 fingerprints and a Bayesian inference network. Searches of the MDDR and WOMBAT databases show that group fusion is most effective when as many reference structures as possible are used, when only a small proportion of each ranked similarity list is submitted to the final fusion rule, and when a fusion rule based on reciprocal rank positions is used to combine the individual search outputs. An analysis of the reciprocal rank rule suggests that its effectiveness derives from the close relationship that exists between the reciprocal rank of a database structure and its probability of activity.
Wireless passive photo detector for insect tracking
Authors: Viikari Ville , Chisum Jonathan , Seppä Heikki 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis letter presents a passive wireless photo detector for precise localization of insects in biological studies. The detector is based on a photo diode matched to an antenna, and it produces modulated backscattering of microwaves when illuminated with amplitude modulated light. The radar cross section of the detector is derived and the concept is experimentally verified at 1.5 GHz. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2312–2315, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25427