bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Accelerated Artificial Daylight Aging on Bending Strength and Bonding of Glass Fibers in Fiber‐Embedded Maxillofacial Silicone Prostheses
Authors: Hatamleh Muhanad M. , Watts David C. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the effect of different periods of accelerated artificial daylight aging on bond strength of glass fiber bundles embedded into maxillofacial silicone elastomer and on bending strength of the glass fiber bundles. Methods and Materials: Forty specimens were fabricated by embedding resin‐impregnated fiber bundles (1.5‐mm diameter, 20‐mm long) into maxillofacial silicone elastomer. Specimens were randomly allocated into four groups, and each group was subjected to different periods of accelerated daylight aging as follows (in hours); 0, 200, 400, and 600. The aging cycle included continuous exposure to quartz‐filtered visible daylight (irradiance 760 W/m2) under an alternating weathering cycle (wet for 18 minutes, dry for 102 minutes). Pull‐out tests were performed to evaluate bond strength between fiber bundles and silicone using a universal testing machine at 1 mm/min crosshead speed. Also a three‐point bending test was performed to evaluate bending strength of the fiber bundles. One‐way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests were carried out to detect statistical significance (p < 0.05). Results: Mean (SD) values of maximum pull‐out forces (in N) for groups 1 to 4 were: 13.63 (7.45), 19.67 (1.37), 13.58 (2.61), and 10.37 (2.52). Group 2 exhibited the highest pull‐out force that was statistically significant when compared to the other groups. Maximum bending strengths of fiber bundles were in the range of 917.72 MPa to 1124.06 MPa. Bending strength significantly increased after 200 and 400 hours of aging only. Conclusions: After 200 hours of exposure to artificial daylight and moisture conditions, bond strength between glass fibers and heat‐cured silicones is optimal, and the bending strength of the glass fiber bundles is enhanced.
Laser‐Welded Hollow Pontic Full‐Gold Fixed Dental Prosthesis
Authors: Sutton Alan J. , Winn Terry R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis article describes a technique for the fabrication of a laser‐welded hollow pontic full‐gold fixed dental prosthesis. Reference to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the U.S. Government. The opinions of the authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the U.S. Government, and shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes.
The zinc finger domain of IKKγ (NEMO) protein in health and disease
Authors: Shifera Amde Selassie 
Published: March 2010

Abstract

Inhibitor of κB kinase gamma (IKKγ) protein, a key component of the NF‐κB pathway
The domain structure of IKKγ protein
Mutations involving the zinc finger of IKKγ
The roles of the zinc finger domain of IKKγ
Conclusions and perspectives

Inhibitor of κB kinase (IKK) gamma (IKKγ), also known as nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) essential modulator (NEMO), is a component of the IKK complex that is essential for the activation of the NF‐κB pathway. The NF‐κB pathway plays a major role in the regulation of the expression of genes that are involved in immune response, inflammation, cell adhesion, cell survival and development. As part of the IKK complex, IKKγ plays a regulatory role by linking the complex to upstream signalling molecules. IKKγ contains two coiled‐coil regions, a leucine zipper domain and a highly conserved zinc finger domain. Mutations affecting IKKγ have been associated with X‐linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with immune deficiency (HED‐ID), with the majority of these mutations affecting the C‐terminal region of the protein where the zinc finger is located. The zinc finger of IKKγ is needed for NF‐κB activation in a cell‐ and stimulus‐specific manner. The major mechanism by which the zinc finger plays this role appears to be the recognition of polyubiquitinated upstream signalling intermediates. This assertion reinforces the current notion that ubiquitination plays a major role in mediating protein–protein interactions in the NF‐κB signalling pathway. Because the zinc finger domain of IKKγ is very likely involved in mediating interactions with ubiquitinated proteins, investigations that look for upstream activators or inhibitors of the IKK complex that bind to and interact with the zinc finger of IKKγ are required to gain a better insight into the exact roles of this domain and into the pathogenesis of HED‐ID.
Marathon of eponyms: 10 Jadassohn‐Lewandowsky syndrome (Pachyonychia congenita)
Authors: Scully C , Langdon J , Evans J 
Published: March 2010

Oral Diseases (2010) 16, 310–311The use of eponyms has long been contentious, but many remain in common use, as discussed elsewhere (Editorial: Oral Diseases. 2009: 15; 185). The use of eponyms in diseases of the head and neck is found mainly in specialties dealing with medically compromised individuals (paediatric dentistry, special care dentistry, oral and maxillofacial medicine, oral and maxillofacial pathology, oral and maxillofacial radiology and oral and maxillofacial surgery) and particularly by hospital‐centred practitioners. This series has selected some of the more recognised relevant eponymous conditions and presents them alphabetically. The information is based largely on data available from MEDLINE and a number of internet websites as noted below: the authors would welcome any corrections. This document summarises data about Jadassohn‐Lewandowsky syndrome.
Quantification of taurodontism: interests in the early diagnosis of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia
Authors: Gros C‐I , Clauss F , Obry F , Manière MC , Schmittbuhl M 
Published: March 2010

Oral Diseases (2010) 16, 292–298Objective:  The aim of this study was to provide a quantification of taurodontism in Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia (HED) and to report its occurrence in a cohort of HED patients to assess phenotypic–genotypic correlations.Patients and methods:  Of 68 HED patients retrospectively reviewed, 16 patients aged 7–51 years were selected and compared with a control sample (n = 351). The pulp surface index of the first lower permanent molar was calculated from the panoramic radiograph of each individual, and statistical comparisons between the HED patients and the control sample were performed.Results:  Whatever the genetic disorder, 81.25% of the HED patients exhibited a relative enlargement (≥1 s.d.) of the pulp. Major deviations (>5 s.d.) were respectively related to men affected by large deletion of the EDA gene or missense mutation. The autosomal recessive form was linked to a relative moderate pulp enlargement (3.44 s.d.). In NEMO forms, the increase of pulp size in men appeared to be less marked than in EDA mutations.Conclusion:  This study provides for the first time an objective assessment of pulp enlargement in HED patients, and the various degrees of taurodontism depicted could be interesting dental phenotypic markers of HED forms.
Copulatory Pattern of Male Rats in a Multiple Partner Choice Arena
Authors: Ferreira-Nuño Armando , Fernández-Soto Claudia , Olayo-Lortia Jesús , Ramirez-Carreto Raúl , Paredes Raúl G. , Velázquez-Moctezuma Javier , Morales-Otal Adriana 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
It has been demonstrated that testing conditions may influence sexual performance in many mammals, including male rats. We recently developed a multiple partner choice arena (MPCA) consisting of four acrylic cylinders placed in a cross pattern with one male in each cylinder. A sexually receptive female rat was introduced into the center of the MPCA and was allowed to choose a male to copulate with. The female showed a preference for one of the four males, remaining longer and copulating more times with it.

Aim
The study aims to evaluate and compare the copulatory pattern of male rats in two arenas: the standard arena (SA) and the MPCA.

Methods
In Experiment 1, a group of 10 male rats mated in an SA (a closed cylinder) and 2 weeks later they mated in the MPCA, in order to compare different parameters of male sexual behavior. In Experiment 2, the sexual behavior of two different groups of sexually experienced male rats was tested in two conditions: the SA and the MPCA. In the latter, only the behavior of the preferred (P) males and nonpreferred (NP) males that ejaculated was recorded.

Main Outcome Measures
The main outcome is the number of intromissions preceding ejaculation and the latencies to mount, intromit, and ejaculate.

Results
In Experiment 1, the number of intromissions was significantly reduced and the intromission and ejaculation latencies were significantly shortened when the males were tested in the MPCA rather than in the SA. In Experiment 2, both groups of males tested in the MPCA (P and NP) showed a significant reduction in the number of intromissions preceding ejaculation and shorter mounting and ejaculation latencies in comparison with rats in the SA. This decrease was more noticeable in NP males.

Conclusions
The MPCA reduce significantly the ejaculatory pattern in male rats.
Emerging Role for TNF-α in Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Carneiro Fernando S. , Webb Robert Clinton , Tostes Rita C. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTIntroductionA role for cytokines in the pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction (ED) has emerged. Cytokines induce genes that synthesize other peptides in the cytokine family and several mediators, such as prostanoids, leukotrienes, nitric oxide, bradykinin, reactive oxygen species, and platelet-activating factor, all of which can affect vascular function. Consistent with the fact that the cavernosal tissue is a complex extension of the vasculature, risk factors that affect the vasculature have been shown to affect cavernosal function as well. Accordingly, the penile tissue has been recognized as an early sentinel for atherosclerosis that underlies coronary artery disease and cardiovascular diseases (CVD).AimTo review the literature pertaining to the role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in ED.MethodsPubMed search for pertinent publications on the role of cytokines, particularly TNF-α, in CVD and ED.Main Outcome MeasuresClinical and experimental evidence demonstrates that TNF-α may play a role in ED.ResultsTNF-α has been shown to play an important role in CVD, mainly due to its direct effects on the vasculature. In addition, high levels of TNF-α were demonstrated in patients with ED. In this review, we present a short description of the physiology of erection and the cytokine network. We focus on vascular actions of TNF-α that support a role for this cytokine as a potential candidate in the pathophysiology of ED, particularly in the context of CVD. A brief overview of its discovery, mechanisms of synthesis, receptors, and its main actions on the systemic and penile vasculature is also presented.ConclusionsConsidering that ED results from a systemic arterial defect not only confined to the penile vasculature, implication of TNF-α in the pathophysiology of ED offers a humoral linking between CVD and ED.
The Ability of Men to Assess their Suitability to Take a Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitor: An Assessment of the Comprehension of Patient Information Materials
Authors: Symonds Tara , Dean John , Coyne Karin S. , Margolis Mary Kay , Hackett Geoff , Edwards David , Marfatia Aditya , Schnetzler Gabriel 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Erectile dysfunction is a treatable condition that affects a large proportion of men. Most men do not seek medical help for their ED because of embarrassment or social stigma that may lead some men to self-treat.

Aim
To evaluate men’s ability to self-assess their suitability for 50 mg sildenafil use after reviewing patient information materials.

Main Outcome Measures
Patient rating of patient information materials, self-assessment of suitability for sildenafil use, and clinician assessment of sildenafil suitability.

Methods
Men in the UK were recruited through newspaper, radio, and internet advertisements. Eligible men reviewed the 50 mg sildenafil patient information materials (packaging materials and patient information leaflet) at the in-person visit and then completed a survey to rate the materials and self-assess their suitability for sildenafil use. A clinician, blinded to the participant’s ED status and self-assessed sildenafil suitability, then conducted a one-on-one interview to assess the participant’s ED status and suitability for sildenafil treatment. The primary analysis was the concordance of self-assessed suitability versus clinician-assessed suitability.

Results
The initial study phase included 113 generally healthy men, mean age 40.2 ± 13.1 years. The second phase included 70 men with comorbid prostate or cardiac conditions, mean age 60.7 ± 7.8 years. The 183 men rated the patient information materials as easy to understand; few participants reported problems understanding the materials, and many participants learned new information. The concordance rate between clinician-assessed suitability and self-assessed suitability was 73.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]=66.7–81.2%). When accounting for men who would not take sildenafil even though they were suitable or would seek additional information from a healthcare professional prior to using sildenafil, the concordance rate was 90.1% (95% CI=85.8–94.4%).

Conclusion
The results of this UK study suggest that men are capable of using written sildenafil patient education materials to accurately assess their suitability for treatment with 50 mg sildenafil.
Cervix Stimulation Evokes Predominantly Subthreshold Synaptic Responses in Mouse Thoracolumbar and Lumbosacral Superficial Dorsal Horn Neurons
Authors: Jobling Phillip , Graham Brett A. , Brichta Alan M. , Callister Robert J. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Sensory input from the female reproductive tract (FRT) plays a pivotal role in coordinating reproductive reflexes. Additionally, a number of disorders, especially chronic pelvic pain, may be due to disturbances in sensory processing of signals from the FRT.

Aims
Our aim was to record synaptic responses in neurons from lumbar and sacral spinal cord segments during mechanical stimulation of the cervix.

Methods
We developed an in vivo preparation of the mouse spinal cord to record synaptic potentials from superficial dorsal horn (SDH) neurons under whole-cell patch clamp recording conditions.

Main Outcome Measures
We analyzed the strength and distribution of excitatory postsynaptic potentials in SDH neurons evoked during mechanical stimulation of the cervix and cutaneous sites.

Results
Resting membrane potential and neuronal input resistance was similar in thoracolumbar (TL, T13-L3) and lumbosacral (LS, L6-S2) segments. We elicited activity in 6/21 TL neurons and 15/39 LS neurons using mechanical stimulation of the cervix with a blunt probe. The majority of these neurons responded to cervix stimulation with bursts of subthreshold excitatory postsynaptic potentials (4/6 and 12/15 TL and LS neurons, respectively). The remainder responded with sufficient magnitude to generate action potentials (2/6 and 3/15 TL and LS neurons). Cutaneous synaptic inputs were also elicited in 11/21 TL neurons following stimulation of the flank/leg, 19/39 LS neurons by stimulation of the tail, and three LS neurons by perineal stimulation. Some neurons received convergent synaptic inputs from the cervix and cutaneous sites (4/6 TL and 4/15 LS).

Conclusion
These data demonstrate that spinal projections of cervix afferents are widely dispersed in the SDH and considerable convergence exists between neurons innervating the cervix and cutaneous structures. Our results indicate that much of the synaptic activity evoked in SDH neurons following cervix stimulation is subthreshold.
Changes in frequency of IDDM‐associated HLA DQB, CTLA4 and INS alleles
Authors: Witas H. W. , Jędrychowska‐Dańska K. , Zawicki P. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryThe incidence of type 1 diabetes is increasing worldwide. In Poland, the number of cases tripled during the last two decades. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the increase may be at least partly explained by a shift in predisposing alleles’ frequencies – resulting from treating the otherwise lethal disease, generally better health care as well as selective pressure imposed by pathogens affecting humankind throughout history. The source of DNA was skeletal remains of 232 individuals excavated in four burial sites, dating back to 11th–14th centuries. With all necessary precautions required in ancient DNA analysis, frequencies of HLA DQB57, CTLA4+49A/G and INS ‐23A/T alleles were assessed and compared with available data, characterising contemporary Polish population. Frequency of HLA DQB57‐Asp protective allele is much higher in present‐day population of Poland (50.6%) than in the group of 155 medieval specimens successfully typed for this polymorphism (28.4%, P < 0.001). Out of 86 medieval individuals typed for CTLA4+49A/G, 29.1% were homozygous for the predisposing G allele, which is significantly more than contemporarily – 7.6% (P < 0.001). No statistically significant difference was found in alleles and genotypes frequencies of INS‐23A/T polymorphic site. Contrary to the initial assumptions, genetic predisposition towards type 1 diabetes, conferred by HLA DQB57, CTLA4+49A/G and INS ‐23A/T alleles is much lower contemporarily than it was approximately 700 years before present. This suggests involvement of other than genetic factors in the fast growing incidence of the disease.
Human leucocyte antigen class II DRB1 and DQB1 associations in human immunodeficiency virus‐infected patients of Mumbai, India
Authors: Shankarkumar U. , Pawar A. , Ghosh K. , Bajpai S. , Pazare A. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryThe pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection clearly involves immunoregulatory host factors and products of major histocompatibility complex class II genes, which present antigenic peptides to the T‐cell receptor on CD4+ cells, which in turn increase the production of specific antibodies and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The main objective of this study was to determine the associations of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) DRB1 and DQB1 alleles and their haplotypes in 210 HIV‐1‐infected patients and compare them with 129 healthy normal individuals with same ethnic background. The HLA DRB1 and DQB1 alleles were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction product and sequence‐specific probes for reverse line hybridization, analysed with the Invitrogen Dynal PMP software. Our results revealed a highly significant increase of HLA DRB1*0902 [odds ratio (OR) = 17.12; P = 0.004], DQB1*030103 (OR = 53.53; P = 4.61E‐07) and DQB1*050201 (OR = 16.26; P = 0.0002) alleles while in contrast highly significant decrease in frequency of HLA DQB1*030101 (OR = 0.36; P = 0.0002), DQB1*050301 (OR = 0.22; P < 0.0001) and DQB1*060101 (OR = 0.43; P < 0.0001) among the HIV‐1‐infected patients when compared with the controls. The haplotype DRB1*0902‐DQB1*030103 (OR = 10.65; P = 0.06) was significantly increased in HIV1 patients, while haplotypes DRB1*150101–DQB1*060101 (OR = 0.386, P < 0.0001), DRB1*030101–DQB1*020101 (OR = 0.197, P = 0.004) and DRB1*070101–DQB1*0202 (OR = 0.167, P = 0.001) were significantly decreased. Our results indicate clearly that there are HLA class II alleles involved in the susceptibility to and protection from HIV‐1 infection in our study group and further they vary in different ethnic groups reported in literature.
The Role of Riparian Vegetation in Protecting and Improving Chemical Water Quality in Streams1
Authors: Dosskey Michael G. , Vidon Philippe , Gurwick Noel P. , Allan Craig J. , Duval Tim P. , Lowrance Richard 
Published: March 2010

Dosskey, Michael G., Philippe Vidon, Noel P. Gurwick, Craig J. Allan, Tim P. Duval, and Richard Lowrance, 2010. The Role of Riparian Vegetation in Protecting and Improving Chemical Water Quality in Streams. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(2):261‐277. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2010.00419.xAbstract:  We review the research literature and summarize the major processes by which riparian vegetation influences chemical water quality in streams, as well as how these processes vary among vegetation types, and discuss how these processes respond to removal and restoration of riparian vegetation and thereby determine the timing and level of response in stream water quality. Our emphasis is on the role that riparian vegetation plays in protecting streams from nonpoint source pollutants and in improving the quality of degraded stream water. Riparian vegetation influences stream water chemistry through diverse processes including direct chemical uptake and indirect influences such as by supply of organic matter to soils and channels, modification of water movement, and stabilization of soil. Some processes are more strongly expressed under certain site conditions, such as denitrification where groundwater is shallow, and by certain kinds of vegetation, such as channel stabilization by large wood and nutrient uptake by faster‐growing species. Whether stream chemistry can be managed effectively through deliberate selection and management of vegetation type, however, remains uncertain because few studies have been conducted on broad suites of processes that may include compensating or reinforcing interactions. Scant research has focused directly on the response of stream water chemistry to the loss of riparian vegetation or its restoration. Our analysis suggests that the level and time frame of a response to restoration depends strongly on the degree and time frame of vegetation loss. Legacy effects of past vegetation can continue to influence water quality for many years or decades and control the potential level and timing of water quality improvement after vegetation is restored. Through the collective action of many processes, vegetation exerts substantial influence over the well‐documented effect that riparian zones have on stream water quality. However, the degree to which stream water quality can be managed through the management of riparian vegetation remains to be clarified. An understanding of the underlying processes is important for effectively using vegetation condition as an indicator of water quality protection and for accurately gauging prospects for water quality improvement through restoration of permanent vegetation.