bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Viral etiology of respiratory infections among patients at Adama Hospital Medical College, a facility-based surveillance site in Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Dulo Bedado , Hinsene Gamachu , Mannekulih Ephrem 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundAcute viral origins account for around 80% of respiratory illnesses globally. The influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, coronavirus, adenovirus, and rhinovirus are the main viruses that cause these illnesses. All ages are susceptible to severe acute respiratory infections, which have a high rate of morbidity and mortality.This study aims to determine the prevalence of viral etiology of respiratory infections among patients attending the Oromia Sentinel Surveillance Sites between July 2022 and April 2023.MethodsA facility-based cross-sectional study design was employed. We followed the WHO case definitions for each patient with a severe acute respiratory infection. The throat-swab specimens were sent to the Adama Public Health Referral and Research Capacity Building Centre after being collected in viral transport media.After that, the CDC Multiplex RT-PCR amplification procedures were applied to the specimens to detect the presence of viral RNA using CDC Real-Time reverse transcription PCR techniques. Data quality assurance was maintained. SPSS version 29 statistical software was used to compute all analyses. At 95% CI and P-value <0.05, inferential analysis was performed.ResultsThe results of this study showed that out of three hundred twenty-two throat-swab specimens collected, 100% underwent testing. Eleven (28.2%) of the thirty-nine (12.9%) who tested positive for influenza were influenza B, twenty-five (89.3%) were influenza A (H3N2), three (10.7%) were influenza A (H1N1) pdm2009.The rates of influenza positivity by age group were 58.9%, 25.6%, 5.1%, 5.1%, and 5.1% for children under five years old, 5–14 years old, 15–49 years old, 50–64 years old, and older than or equal to 65 years old.Three hundred and twenty-two (100%), twenty-two (7.3%), and eleven (3.6%) of the specimens examined for severe acute respiratory infections proved positive for the RSV and SARS-CoV-2 viruses, respectively. Furthermore, of the severe acute respiratory infection specimens that tested positive for Respiratory syncytial virus, 91% were from under five age groups.ConclusionChildren under five are at risk of co-infection with various viruses, potentially leading to epidemics and severe illnesses. A comprehensive approach to IPC measures is needed to reduce these risks.
Evaluation of Real-World Mobility Recovery after Hip Fracture using Digital Mobility Outcomes
Authors: Engdal Monika , Taraldsen Kristin , Jansen Carl-Philipp , Peter Raphael Simon , Vereijken Beatrix , Becker Clemens , Helbostad Jorunn L , Klenk Jochen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe main focus of rehabilitation following hip fracture is to regain mobility.ObjectivesTo estimate the progression of real-world mobility the first year after hip fracture using digital mobility outcomes.DesignAn exploratory, prospective cohort study with pooled data from four previously conducted clinical trials.Setting and SubjectsWe combined data from the Trondheim Hip Fracture Trial and Eva-Hip Trial in Trondheim, Norway, and the PROFinD 1 and PROFinD 2 trials in Stuttgart and Heidelberg, Germany, resulting in a sample of 717 hip fracture patients aged ≥65 years.MethodsEach of the trials assessed mobility using body-fixed sensors (activPAL™) at three time points, collectively providing observations across the entire first year post-surgery. The following 24-hour DMOs were calculated: total walking duration (minutes), maximum number of steps within a walking bout, and number of sit-to-stand-to-walk transfers. Continuous one-year progression of the median, the 25thpercentile, and the 75thpercentile were estimated using quantile regression models with splines.ResultsThe dataset contained 5,909 observation days. The median daily total walking duration increased until 36 weeks post-surgery reaching 40 minutes; daily maximum number of steps within a walking bout increased during the first eight weeks and then stabilized at less than 100 steps; daily sit-to-stand-to-walk transfers reached a plateau after six weeks with less than 40 transfers.ConclusionsThe three DMOs progressed differently and attained plateau levels at varying times during the first year after hip fracture, indicating that these Digital Mobility Outcomes provide complementary information about different aspects of mobility recovery.
Compensating functional connectivity changes due to structural connectivity damage via modifications of local dynamics
Authors: Benitez Stulz Sophie , Castro Samy , Dumont Gregory , Gutkin Boris , Battaglia Demian 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTNeurological pathologies as e.g. Alzheimer’s Disease or Multiple Sclerosis are often associated to neurodegenerative processes affecting the strength and the transmission speed of long-range inter-regional fiber tracts. Such degradation of Structural Connectivity impacts on large-scale brain dynamics and the associated Functional Connectivity, eventually perturbing network computations and cognitive performance. Functional Connectivity however is not bound to merely mirror Structural Connectivity, but rather reflects the complex coordinated dynamics of many regions. Here, using analytical characterizations of toy models and computational simulations connectome-base whole-brain models, we predict that suitable modulations of regional dynamics could precisely compensate for the effects of structural degradation, as if the original Structural Connectivity strengths and speeds of conduction were effectively restored. The required dynamical changes are widespread and aspecific (i.e. they do not need to be restricted to specific regions) so that they could be potentially implemented via neuromodulation or pharmacological therapy, globally shifting regional excitability and/or excitation/inhibition balance. Computational modelling and theory thus suggest that, in the future therapeutic interventions could be designed to “repair brain dynamics” rather than structure to boost functional connectivity without having to block or revert neurodegenerative processes.AUTHOR SUMMARYNeurological disorders affect Structural Connectivity, i.e. the wiring infrastructure interlinking distributed brain regions. Here we propose that the resulting disruptions in Functional Connectivity, i.e. inter-regional coordination and information sharing, could be compensated by modifying local dynamics so to effectively emulate the restoration of Structural Connectivity (but through a suitable “software patch” rather than by repairing the “hardware”). For simple toy models involving a few regions we can achieve an analytical understanding of how structural and dynamical changes jointly control Functional Connectivity. We then show that the concept of “effective connectome change” via modulation of dynamics robustly extend also to simulation of large-scale models embedding realistic whole-brain connectivity. We thus forecast that novel therapeutic strategies could be devised, targeting dynamics rather than neurodegenerative mechanisms.
Reuniens thalamus recruits recurrent excitation in medial prefrontal cortex
Authors: Vantomme Gil , Devienne Gabrielle , Hull Jacob M , Huguenard John R 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMedial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus are critical for memory retrieval, decision making and emotional regulation. While ventral CA1 (vCA1) shows direct and reciprocal connections with mPFC, dorsal CA1 (dCA1) forms indirect pathways to mPFC, notably via the thalamic Reuniens nucleus (Re). Neuroanatomical tracing has documented structural connectivity of this indirect pathway through Re however, its functional operation is largely unexplored. Here we usedin vivoandin vitroelectrophysiology along with optogenetics to address this question. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in acute mouse brain slices revealed both monosynaptic excitatory responses and disynaptic feedforward inhibition at Re-mPFC synapses. However, we also identified a novel prolonged excitation of mPFC by Re. These early monosynaptic and late recurrent components are in marked contrast to the primarily feedforward inhibition characteristic of thalamic inputs to neocortex. Local field potential recordings in mPFC brain slices revealed prolonged synaptic activity throughout all cortical lamina upon Re activation, with the late excitation enhanced by blockade of parvalbumin neurons and GABAARs.In vivoNeuropixels recordings in head-fixed awake mice revealed a similar prolonged excitation of mPFC units by Re activation. In summary, Re output produces recurrent feedforward excitation within mPFC suggesting a potent amplification system in the Re-mPFC network. This may facilitate amplification of dCA1->mPFC signals for which Re acts as the primary conduit, as there is little direct connectivity. In addition, the capacity of mPFC neurons to fire bursts of action potentials in response to Re input suggests that these synapses have a high gain.Significance statementThe interactions between medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus are crucial for memory formation and retrieval. Yet, it is still poorly understood how the functional connectivity of direct and indirect pathways underlies these functions. This research explores the synaptic connectivity of the indirect pathway through the Reuniens nucleus of the thalamus using electrophysiological recordings and optogenetic manipulations. The study found that Reuniens stimulation recruits recurrent and long-lasting activity in mPFC - a phenomenon not previously recorded. This recurrent activity might create a temporal window ideal for coincidence detection and be an underlying mechanism for memory formation and retrieval.
TDP-43 pathology is sufficient to drive axon initial segment plasticity and hyperexcitability of spinal motoneurones in vivo in the TDP43-NLS model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Djukic Svetlana , Zhao Zhenxiang , Holmsted Jørgensen Lasse Mathias , Bak Anna Normann , Jensen Dennis Bo , Meehan Claire Francesca 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA hyperexcitability of the motor system is consistently observed in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and has been implicated in the disease pathogenesis. What drives this hyperexcitability in the vast majority of patients is unknown. This is important to know as existing treatments simply reduce all neuronal excitability and fail to distinguish between pathological changes and important homeostatic changes. Understanding what drives the initial pathological changes could therefore provide better treatments. One challenge is that patients represent a heterogeneous population and the vast majority of cases are sporadic. One pathological feature that almost all (∼97%) cases (familial and sporadic) have in common is cytoplasmic aggregates of the protein TDP-43 which is normally located in the nucleus. In our experiments we investigated whether this pathology was sufficient to increase neuronal excitability and the mechanisms by which this occurs.We used the TDP-43(ΔNLS) mouse model which successfully recapitulates this pathology in a controllable way. We used in vivo intracellular recordings in this model to demonstrate that TDP-43 pathology is sufficient to drive a severe hyper-excitability of spinal motoneurones. Reductions in soma size and a lengthening and constriction of axon initial segments were observed, which would contribute to enhanced excitability. Resuppression of the transgene resulted in a return to normal excitability parameters by 6-8 weeks. We therefore conclude that TDP-43 pathology itself is sufficient to drive a severe but reversible hyperexcitability of spinal motoneurones.
Brain-state modeling using electroencephalography: Application to adaptive closed-loop neuromodulation for epilepsy
Authors: Johnson Graham W. , Doss Derek J. , Makhoul Ghassan S , Cai Leon Y. , Bibro Camden E , Paulo Danika L. , Reddy Shilpa B. , Naftel Robert P. , Haas Kevin F. , Wallace Mark T. , Dawant Benoit M. , Crudele Angela N. , Morgan Victoria L. , Constantinidis Christos , Williams Roberson Shawniqua , Bick Sarah K. , Englot Dario J. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTThe progress of developing an effective closed-loop neuromodulation system for many neurological pathologies is hindered by the difficulties in accurately capturing a useful representation of a brain’s instantaneous functional state. Existing approaches rely on expert labeling of electroencephalography data to develop biomarkers of neurophysiological pathology. These techniques do not capture the highly complex functional states of the brain that are presumed to exist between labeled states or allow for the likely possibility of variation among identically labeled states. Thus, we propose BrainState, a self-supervised technique to model an arbitrarily complex instantaneous functional state of a brain using neural multivariate timeseries data. Application of BrainState to intracranial electroencephalography data from patients with epilepsy was able to capture diverse pre-seizure states and quantify nuanced effects of neuromodulation. We anticipate that BrainState will enable the development of sophisticated closed-loop neuromodulation systems for a diverse array of neurological pathologies.
Business student problem-solving skills and e-learning management in Malaysia: mediating role of student psychological motivation and peer collaboration
Authors: Anwar Aizza , Tick Andrea , Lim Yi Shern , Kee Daisy Mui Hung , Surienty Lilis 
Published: June 2024

PurposeE-learning has demonstrated its value as a powerful tool for enhancing students' educational experience. This paper uses a quantitative approach to examine the impact of students' cognitive problem-solving skills on their e-learning management ability. In addition, it investigates the parallel mediation role of student psychological motivation and peer collaboration. Moreover, the moderating role of gender was examined to identify the difference in e-learning management ability among male and female students.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 214 Malaysian business students using an online survey. For the analysis, the researcher utilized both SPSS and a SMART PLS software.FindingsThe results show that cognitive problem-solving skills directly impact student e-learning management. Moreover, psychological motivation and peer collaboration mediate the relationship between cognitive problem-solving and student e-learning management. The study's results reported that female students' psychological motivation is higher than males in managing their e-learning environment. The study found that an e-learning environment helps students develop cognitive problem-solving skills, and students can manage their e-learning independently.Originality/valueThe COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 worldwide has shifted the educational system from a traditional approach to an online context. There is a lack of studies examining students' cognitive problem-solving skills, their ability to manage e-learning and investigating gender differences. The findings reported here are novel in the context of Malaysia. Little evidence exists about the impact of problem-solving among business students on e-learning management ability while providing insight into gender differences.
How to conduct successful business process automation projects? An analysis of key factors in the context of robotic process automation
Authors: Schlegel Dennis , Rosenberg Bernhard , Fundanovic Oliver , Kraus Patrick 
Published: June 2024

PurposeIn recent years, the robotic process automation (RPA) technology, a software-based method to automate routine tasks in business processes, has gained significant interest and adoption. However, many implementation projects fail and current literature lacks a synthesis and comprehensive overview of factors that challenge the implementation of RPA, have an impact on success or failure of projects, or, play an enabling role in an RPA project. Hence, the purpose of this research is to identify key factors that should be considered by organizations when conducting an RPA project.Design/methodology/approachThe paper adopts a qualitative methodology based on data collected in a systematic literature review (SLR) and interviews with 10 RPA experts. Using inductive coding, an integrated framework of key factors is developed.FindingsThe results suggest that the key factors for a successful RPA introduction can be divided into human, organizational and technical factors. Important aspects include for example project management techniques, capabilities and skills of employees, as well as data security considerations.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to knowledge by synthesizing previously dispersed knowledge into an integrated framework, as well as by complementing previous results with new qualitative, empirical data. Additionally, the RPA-specific factors are put into the perspective of persistent problems in information systems development.
Exploring the role of new and enhanced BPM capabilities in customer experience management: does BPM matter?
Authors: Indihar Štemberger Mojca , Bosilj Vuksic Vesna , Morelli Frank , Jaklič Jurij 
Published: June 2024

PurposeAlthough improving customer experience (CX) has always been one of the top priorities of business process management (BPM), the evidence on the actual contribution made by traditional BPM to improving CX and customer experience management (CXM) is mixed. Recently, new and enhanced capability areas have been added to the traditional BPM frameworks, yet it is unclear which of them contribute to CXM. Moreover, it is not known which of them are necessary and which are sufficient conditions. The aim of this research is to shed light on the research gap concerning which BPM capabilities, especially new and enhanced ones, are relevant to CXM.Design/methodology/approachQuantitative data from 268 medium and large companies in 3 EU countries were analysed using hierarchical linear regression analysis and necessary condition analysis.FindingsThe results show that traditional BPM capabilities are a necessary condition for CXM, but with minor significance. Most highly significant necessary conditions and also most highly or medium significant sufficient conditions belong to the People or Culture area. Agile Process Improvement is the only new or enhanced BPM capability area in the Methods/IT area that is a necessary and also a sufficient condition for CXM maturity. Advanced Process Digitalisation was identified as neither a significant necessary nor a sufficient condition for CXM.Originality/valueThis research contributes to better understanding of the role played by BPM for CXM, where previous research provides mixed results.
Satisfaction leads to loyalty – or could loyalty lead to satisfaction? Investigating brand usage and satisfaction levels in consumer banking
Authors: Dawes John G. 
Published: June 2024

PurposeThis study examines the association between behavioral loyalty and satisfaction scores for banks. Past work has generally viewed the link between satisfaction and loyalty to be one way – satisfaction causes or induces loyalty. This study suggests the relationship may not be just one-way, and that current loyal behavior towards banks (measured as using 1, 2 or 3 banks) may be related to satisfaction scores: the more banks used, the lower the satisfaction score.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs large-scale survey data from the UK YouGov panel. It analyses satisfaction scores for 16 banks, from consumers who use either 1, 2 or 3 banks.FindingsBanks receive lower satisfaction scores from their customers who use one other bank, compared to customers who do not use one other bank. Furthermore, users of two banks are less satisfied with either of them compared to users of one, and users of three banks are, on average, less satisfied with each of them compared to users of two.Practical implicationsThe results will help managers and researchers better understand satisfaction scores. For example, part of the reason why a bank obtains low satisfaction scores could be that it has a large proportion of dual or multi-bank customers. Next, knowing that satisfaction scores differ according to the number of banks currently used may contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the link between satisfaction and future loyalty.Originality/valueThe study is highly original in proposing a novel hypothesis relating to bank usage and how it relates to satisfaction scores.
Managing construction project risks in turbulent times: a stakeholders perspective
Authors: Ebekozien Andrew , Aigbavboa Clinton , Samsurijan Mohamad Shaharudin , Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Hafez , Akinradewo Opeoluwa , Omoh-Paul Igbebo 
Published: June 2024

PurposeThe construction industry is unique but with uncertainties. This is because of the operating environment. This intricacy gives rise to several construction risks and is compounded in developing countries’ turbulent times. If not managed, these risks enhanced in turbulent times could negatively impact the Nigerian construction projects’ cost, time, quality, and performance. Hence, this study investigated the perceived encumbrances facing construction risk management techniques and identified measures to promote sustainable-based construction risk management in turbulent times.Design/methodology/approachThe researchers adopted a qualitative approach and achieved saturation with 28 participants. The participants were government policymakers, quantity surveyors in government ministries/agencies/departments, consultant engineers, consultant architects, consultant and contracting quantity surveyors, and construction contractors knowledgeable about construction risk management. The research employed a thematic analysis for the study’s data.FindingsFindings identified turbulent times related to the industry and major techniques for managing construction project risks in the Nigerian construction industry. It revealed lax adoption and implementation of practices. Also, the study identified major encumbrances facing construction risk and proffered initiatives that would promote sustainable-based construction risk management in turbulent times.Originality/valueThis study investigates encumbrances and suggests measures to promote construction project risk management in turbulent times in Nigeria. Also, the study contributes to the literature’s paucity, uncovering perceived encumbrances and evolving organisations’ management styles to imbed sustainable-based risk management practices by qualitative research design method.