bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of insecticidal proteins expressed in transgenic plants on bumblebee microcolonies
Authors: Babendreier Dirk , Reichhart Birgit , Romeis Jörg , Bigler Franz 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn order to assess the risk that insecticidal transgenic plants may pose for bumblebees, we tested whether Bombus terrestris (L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) workers are able to detect insecticidal proteins dissolved in sucrose solution and whether consumption of these proteins will affect survival and offspring production. Feeders containing either Bacillus thuringiensis toxin (Cry1Ab), Kunitz soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI), or Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) were offered to bumblebee colonies at low (0.01% wt/vol for SBTI and GNA, 0.001% for Cry1Ab) and high concentrations (0.1% for SBTI and GNA, 0.01% for Cry1Ab) together with a control (pure sucrose solution) in a glasshouse chamber. No difference was found in the number of visits and the duration of visits among the different concentrations for each of the insecticidal proteins, indicating that bumblebees do not discriminate the compounds. To investigate the impact of the different insecticidal proteins on B. terrestris, microcolonies were established by placing three newly emerged bumblebee workers in wooden boxes. Within a few days, a hierarchy in each microcolony was established and the dominant worker developed its ovaries and laid haploid eggs. Bumblebees were fed with Cry1Ab (0.01%), SBTI, or GNA (both at 0.01 and 0.1%) dissolved in sucrose solution and also fed mixed floral pollen for a maximum period of 80 days. Additionally, microcolonies with three drones each were established to measure individual bee longevity. While the Cry1Ab did not affect microcolony performance, the consumption of SBTI and especially GNA affected survival of B. terrestris workers and drones and caused a significant reduction in the number of offspring. The use of microcolonies appears to be well‐suited to measure lethal and sublethal effects of insecticidal proteins expressed in transgenic plants on bumblebees.
Regional assessment of Helicoverpa zea populations on cotton and non‐cotton crop hosts
Authors: Jackson R.E. , Bradley J.R. , Van Duyn J. , Leonard B.R. , Allen K.C. , Luttrell R. , Ruberson J. , Adamczyk J. , Gore J. , Hardee D.D. , Voth R. , Sivasupramaniam S. , Mullins J.W. , Head G. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSelection pressure on bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), by cotton, Gossypium hirsutum (L.) (Malvaceae), that produces one or more Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) proteins is reduced by plantings of non‐Bt refuge cotton that produce non‐selected individuals. However, the contributions of non‐Bt, non‐cotton crop hosts to the overall effective refuge for H. zea on Bt cotton have not been estimated. A 2‐year, season‐long study was conducted in five US cotton‐producing states to assess the spatial and temporal population dynamics and host use of H. zea. Helicoverpa zea larval estimates in commercial crop fields demonstrated that non‐cotton crop hosts, such as maize, Zea mays L. (Poaceae), grain sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (Poaceae), peanut, Arachis hypogaea L. (Fabaceae), and soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill (Fabaceae), collectively support much larger larval populations than cotton throughout the season. Larval populations were almost entirely restricted to maize in the middle part of the season (June and portions of July), and were observed in non‐cotton crop hosts more frequently and typically in larger numbers than in cotton during the period when production would be expected in cotton (July and August). Numbers of H. zea larvae produced in replicated strip trials containing various crop hosts paralleled production estimates from commercial fields. In contrast, the number of H. zea adults captured in pheromone traps at interfaces of fields of Bt cotton and various crop hosts rarely varied among interfaces, except in instances where maize was highly attractive. With the exception of this early season influence of maize, moth numbers were not related to local larval production. These data demonstrate that H. zea adults move extensively from their natal host origins. Therefore, non‐cotton crop hosts, and even relatively distant hosts, contribute significantly to effective refuge for H. zea on Bt cotton. The results presented here demonstrate that substantial natural refuge is present for Bt‐resistance management of H. zea throughout the mid‐South and Southeast portions of the US cotton belt.
Comparison between polymerase chain reaction‐based and checkerboard DNA hybridization techniques for microbial assessment of subgingival plaque samples
Authors: Haffajee Anne D. , Yaskell Tina , Torresyap Gay , Teles Ricardo , Socransky Sigmund S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAim: To compare polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with subsequent reverse hybridization (micro‐IDent test) and checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization for the identification of 13 bacterial species in subgingival plaque samples.Material and Methods: Subgingival plaque samples were taken using paper points and curettes from two sites each with pocket depth <4, 4–6 and >6 mm at baseline and 3 months in 25 periodontitis subjects and two sites in 25 periodontally healthy subjects. Samples were analysed for their content of 13 bacterial species using both assays. Similarities for each species between techniques were determined using regression analysis. Differences between health and periodontitis were determined using the Mann–Whitney test.Results: Three hundred and fifty samples were evaluated using both techniques. Regression analysis indicated that 10/13 test species showed significant positive correlations between the counts determined by checkerboard analysis and levels determined by the PCR‐based test after adjusting for 13 comparisons. The highest rank correlations of 0.58, 0.49 and 0.46 were seen for Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Eubacterium nodatum, respectively (p<0.0001). Both tests could distinguish samples from healthy and periodontitis subjects.Conclusion: Detection patterns of 10/13 test species in subgingival plaque samples from periodontitis and healthy subjects were similar using the two molecular techniques.
Increased HIF‐1 alpha immunostaining in psoriasis compared to psoriasiform dermatitides
Authors: Ioannou Maria , Sourli Fani , Mylonis Ilias , Barbanis Sotirios , Papamichali Rodula , Kouvaras Evangelos , Zafiriou Efterpi , Siomou Paraskevi , Klimi Eleni , Simos George , Roussaki‐Schulze Aggeliki‐Victoria , Koukoulis George 
Published: June 2009

Background: Expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF‐1) alpha can be linked to inflammation through reciprocal interactions with several cytokines. This finding is in accordance with the previously noted HIF‐1 alpha overexpression in psoriatic lesional keratinocytes.Methods: In this study we have employed a carefully selected panel of antibodies and quantitative morphometric analysis to compare HIF‐1 alpha immunoreactivity in psoriatic biopsy samples vs. that in samples obtained from psoriasiform dermatitides.Results: We found statistically significant HIF‐1 alpha overexpression in psoriasis. Furthermore, we observed a previously unreported preferential localization of immunoreactive keratinocytes in the immediate vicinity of inflamed and elongated papillae. This pattern of immunoreactivity may partially account for the observed increase of HIF‐1 alpha immunostaining in psoriasis.Conclusions: Overall, our findings imply that possible novel therapeutic intervention(s) on the HIF‐1 alpha pathway may offer another approach in controlling the inflammatory activity of psoriatic lesions.
Cytogenetics of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Manola Kalliopi N. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease accounting for 15–20% of all childhood acute leukemias, while it is responsible for more than half of the leukemic deaths in these patients. This article focuses on the significance of cytogenetic analysis in pediatric AML supporting the importance of cytogenetic analysis in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, follow‐up and treatment selection in childhood AML. It reviews in detail the types and frequencies of most common chromosomal aberrations, their molecular background, their correlation with French American British (FAB) subtypes and age distribution and their prognostic relevance. It also summarizes some less frequent or rare chromosome aberrations in which the prognostic classification has not been determined yet owning to the small number of patients and the variable treatment modalities used in different study groups. Furthermore, it discusses the association of specific chromosome rearrangements with prenatal exposure to carcinogenic agents or therapeutic agents and highlights the ongoing and future research on pediatric AML in the evolving field of Cytogenetics.
Carbohydrate intake, serum lipids and apolipoprotein E phenotype show association in children
Authors: Ruottinen Soile , Rönnemaa Tapani , Niinikoski Harri , Lagström Hanna , Saarinen Maiju , Pahkala Katja , Kaitosaari Tuuli , Viikari Jorma , Simell Olli 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAim:  To study the association between carbohydrate intake and serum lipids in children, and influence of apolipoprotein E phenotype (apoE) on the association.Subjects/methods:  A total of 644 children from a prospective, randomized atherosclerosis prevention trial (STRIP) participated in this longitudinal study at age 5 (n = 644), 7 (n = 585) and 9 (n = 550) years. ApoE phenotype, fasting triglyceride, total, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations and 4‐day food records were analysed.Results:  An increase in the total carbohydrate intake by 1 E% (percentage of total daily energy intake) associated with a decrease in HDL cholesterol by 0.006 mmol/L (p < 0.001) when adjusted for saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid, age, gender, body mass index and STRIP study group. The inverse association between total carbohydrate intake and HDL cholesterol was evident in children with apoE3 (p < 0.001) or apoE4 (p < 0.001), but not in those with apoE2 (p = 0.78). An increase in total carbohydrate intake by 1 E% increased triglycerides by 0.02 mmol/L (p < 0.001) independently of apoE phenotype, while 1 E% increase in sucrose intake increased triglycerides by 0.01 mmol/L (p < 0.001).Conclusion:  Carbohydrate intake has a relatively small effect on serum lipids in children. Children with the apoE3 or E4 but not with E2 phenotype show reduction in HDL cholesterol with increasing carbohydrate intake indicating that genetic and environmental factors interact with children’s lipoprotein metabolism.
A METHODOLOGY FOR THE ANALYSIS OF SENSORY TYPICALITY JUDGMENTS
Authors: PERRIN LUCIE , PAGÈS JEROME 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACT The present paper described a global methodology studying typicality, in several steps (the first step conditioning the following ones), (1) to ensure the existence of an agreement in typicality judgments between the local wine experts; (2) to link typicality with the appellation membership; (3) to determine the relation between typicality and the global image of the product space; and finally, (4) to characterize the specificity of the wines judged as the most representative. This methodology was applied to two different sets of appellations (white wines and red wines sets) from the Central Loire Valley region in France. The results obtained differed according to the product space studied: an agreement between the typicality judgments was only observed for the red wines product space. The appellation and typicality constituted strong elements in the red wine space structure and it was possible to translate typicality of the red wines product space in terms of sensory characteristics. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSEvaluating the sensory specificities of wines from a given category, such as an appellation, is of strategic interest for the wine industry. The production factors induce a great sensory diversity within the appellations, which leads to a problem of representativeness: the appellation membership is thus not sufficient to determine the sensory specificities of a given appellation and has to be distinguished from typicality. For a full vision, typicality needs to be studied through typicality judgments, global image of the product space and characterization. This paper proposes a global methodology for both the data collection and data treatment, including analysis of variance models, linking and synthesis methods. The example suggests that the existence of sensory typicality needs to be checked in all wine appellations where typicality is considered as a quality criterion. It would be thereafter possible to study sensory typicality and to translate it in terms of sensory characteristics.
The Male Is Not Like the Female (Q 3:36): The Question of Gender Egalitarianism in the Qur’?n
Authors: Bauer Karen 
Published: June 2009

AbstractNotions of justice and gender egalitarianism are central to the debates on the status of women in the Qur’an today; however authors differ in their definitions of the terms of justice and egalitarianism. Some argue that egalitarianism is located in the spiritual realm, while marital hierarchies are natural. Others interpret the text to embody egalitarianism in all realms. A third group holds complete equality as an ideal, but admits to the text's hierarchical elements. This article examines these scholarly debates, and addresses the question of whether the Qur’an treats men and women equally. I propose that gender equality is not a central concern of the Qur’?n.
Aleksandr Dugin's Neo‐Eurasianism: The New Right à la Russe1
Authors: Shekhovtsov Anton 
Published: June 2009

AbstractRussian political thinker and, by his own words, geopolitician, Aleksandr Dugin, represents a comparatively new trend in the radical Russian nationalist thought. In the course of the 1990s, he introduced his own doctrine that was called Neo‐Eurasianism. Despite the supposed reference to the interwar political movement of Eurasianists, Dugin's Neo‐Eurasian nationalism was rooted in the political and cultural philosophy of the European New Right. Neo‐Eurasianism is based on a quasi‐geopolitical theory that juxtaposes the ‘Atlanticist New World Order’ (principally the US and the UK) against the Russia‐oriented ‘New Eurasian Order’. According to Dugin, the ‘Atlanticist Order’ is a homogenizing force that dilutes national and cultural diversity that is a core value for Eurasia. Taken for granted, Eurasia is perceived to suffer from a ‘severe ethnic, biological and spiritual’ crisis and is to undergo an ‘organic cultural‐ethnic process’ under the leadership of Russia that will secure the preservation of Eurasian nations and their cultural traditions. Neo‐Eurasianism, sacralized by Dugin and his followers in the form of a political religion, provides a clear break from narrow nationalism toward the New Right ethopluralist model. Many Neo‐Eurasian themes find a broad response among Russian high‐ranking politicians, philosophers, scores of university students, as well as numerous avant‐garde artists and musicians. Already by the end of the 1990s, Neo‐Eurasianism took on a respectable, academic guise and was drawn in to ‘scientifically’ support some anti‐American and anti‐British rhetoric of the Russian government.
Religious Environmentalism in the West. I: A Focus on Christianity
Authors: Douglas Steve 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis article surveys the phenomenon of Christian religious environmentalism in the West. It defines religious environmentalism, and explores its nature and forms, its origins and its evolution. Factors associated with its ongoing growth and heightened public and scholarly profile of the phenomenon are briefly discussed, including the emergence of collaboration between religious and secular environmentalism. The state of the associated scholarly literature is summarised.
Politics and Religion in Japan
Authors: Starrs Roy 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe relation between church and state, or religion and politics, has always been an uncomfortably close one in Japan, but it is only in recent years that this relationship has been seen as problematical, both from a political and a religious perspective. This article surveys two major areas of contention in particular: the present Japanese government's apparent attempts to revive an Emperor‐centered State Shinto, and the lively recent debates over the role of Buddhism, especially of ‘fascist Zen’, in the Asia–Pacific War. I also consider the political implications of the new movement of so‐called ‘Critical Buddhism’, as well as of the ‘religious violence’ practiced by the Aum Shinriky? ‘doomsday cult’.
Dietary fiber improves lipid homeostasis and modulates adipocytokines in hamsters
Authors: HUNG Shao‐Ching , BARTLEY Glenn , YOUNG Scott Andrew , ALBERS David Robert , DIELMAN Demetrius Richard , ANDERSON William Henry Kerr , YOKOYAMA Wallace 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackground:  The hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic effects of various natural and semisynthetic dietary fibers have been studied for their potential use in the prevention and improvement of metabolic syndrome. Of these dietary fibers, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) has been shown to lower plasma cholesterol and reduce weight gain. However, the underlying mechanisms are not known. In the present study, we examined associations between plasma adipocytokine levels and both lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity after HPMC intake in golden Syrian hamsters. In addition, endogenous adiponectin from hamster plasma was purified and characterized.Methods:  Hamsters were treated with HPMC (2% and 4% in a high‐fat diet) or 2% or 4% microcrystalline cellulose (MCC; control diet) for 8 weeks. Plasma glucose, insulin, lipids, adiponectin, leptin, and hepatic lipid levels were assessed using standard techniques.Results:  After 8 weeks of feeding, plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in hamsters fed the 4% HPMC‐supplemented diet were significantly lower than in hamsters fed the control diet. Moreover, a significant increase in adiponectin levels and a decrease in leptin levels were observed in hamsters fed the 4% HPMC‐supplemented diet. Hamster adiponectin was found to be comprised of 244 amino acid residues with an apparent molecular weight of 30 kDa, consistent with the adiponectin reported in other species.Conclusions:  Reductions in plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels were correlated with a decrease in plasma leptin and an increase in adiponectin. These results suggest that adipocytokines are regulated by HPMC and may play a pivotal role in the hypocholesterolemic effect.
Increase of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin‐6 in the aqueous humour of patients with macular oedema and central retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Noma Hidetaka , Funatsu Hideharu , Mimura Tatsuya , Harino Seiyo , Sone Takashi , Hori Sadao 
Published: June 2009

Acta Ophthalmol. 2010: 88: 646–651Abstract.Purpose:  This study aimed to investigate whether vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) influence macular oedema in patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO).Methods:  Sixteen consecutive patients with unilateral CRVO and macular oedema were studied, along with eight age‐ and sex‐matched patients without ischaemic ocular disease. Retinal ischaemia was evaluated from capillary non‐perfusion on fluorescein angiography. Macular oedema was examined by optical coherence tomography. Aqueous humour (AH) samples were obtained during combined pars plana vitrectomy and cataract surgery, and were examined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Results:  Aqueous levels of VEGF and IL‐6 were significantly elevated in patients compared with controls (p = 0.0142 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Aqueous levels of both molecules were significantly higher in patients with ischaemia than in those without ischaemia (p = 0.0026 and p = 0.0487, respectively). Furthermore, AH levels of VEGF and IL‐6 were correlated with the severity of macular oedema (ρ = 0.7265, p = 0.0049, ρ = 0.5324, and p = 0.0392, respectively).Conclusions:  Both VEGF and IL‐6 were elevated in the AH of patients with macular oedema and ischaemic CRVO, suggesting that these molecules may be related to the increase in vascular permeability in such patients.
The Etiology of Social Change
Authors: Carley Kathleen M. , Martin Michael K. , Hirshman Brian R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA fundamental aspect of human beings is that they learn. The process of learning and what is learned are impacted by a number of factors, both cognitive and social; that is, humans are boundedly rational. Cognitive and social limitations interact, making it difficult to reason about how to provide information to impact what humans know, believe, and do. Herein, we use a multi‐agent dynamic‐network simulation system, Construct, to conduct such reasoning. In particular, we ask, What media should be used to provide information to most impact what people know, believe, and do, given diverse social structures? All simulated agents are boundedly rational both at the cognitive and social level, and so are subject to factors such as literacy, education, and the breadth of their social network. We find that there is no one most effective intervention; rather, to be effective, messages and the media used to spread the message need to be selected for the population being addressed. Typically, a multimedia campaign is critical.
Clinical Efficacy of α 1‐blocker Naftopidil in Patients with Overactive Bladder Associated with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: KAKIZAKI Hidehiro , TANAKA Hiroshi , MITSUI Takahiko , NONOMURA Katsuya 
Published: June 2009

Objectives: We evaluated the clinical efficacy of α1‐blocker naftopidil in patients with overactive bladder associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods: A total of 29 patients (range 50–83 years of age, mean 66.7 years) who had severe storage symptoms associated with BPH were studied. The inclusion criteria were (i) a total of seven or more points in storage symptom scores (frequency, urgency and nocturia) of the International Prostate Symptom Score (I‐PSS) and (ii) a quality of life (QOL) index of two or more. Subjective (I‐PSS and QOL index) and objective (uroflowmetry, post‐void residual and filling cystometry) parameters were evaluated before and 3 months after treatment with naftopidil.Results: Total I‐PSS significantly decreased after treatment, with significant improvement of both storage and voiding symptoms scores and QOL index. Improvement of QOL index was most correlated with the reduction of storage symptoms scores. In nine patients who had involuntary detrusor contractions during filling cystometry before treatment, bladder volume at first desire to void significantly increased (from a mean of 174 to 260 mL), and involuntary detrusor contractions disappeared in three patients after treatment.Conclusion: Naftopidil improves not only voiding symptoms, but also storage symptoms associated with BPH, and is effective for improving bladder storage function in patients with detrusor overactivity.