bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of climate change impacts on the hydrology of Gilgel Abay catchment in Lake Tana basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Abdo K. S. , Fiseha B. M. , Rientjes T. H. M. , Gieske A. S. M. , Haile A. T. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn this study, large‐scale atmospheric variables are downscaled to meteorological variables at local scale for the daily time step to assess hydrological impacts by climate changes. Large‐scale atmospheric modelling was by the HadCM3 General Circulation Model (GCM) while downscaling and water balance modelling was through the Statistical DownScaling Model and the HBV semi‐distributed rainfall‐runoff model, respectively. The area of study was the Gilgel Abay catchment that drains in Lake Tana. A selection of large‐scale atmospheric variables by the HadCM3 GCM are downscaled by a multiple linear regression model, were minimum and maximum temperature and precipitation for future time horizons are calculated. Climate scenarios as developed for the A2 (medium–high emission) and B2 (medium–low emission) scenarios for a 100‐year period based on the mean of 20 ensembles have been selected for this study. In addition, a synthetic incremental scenario was tested for a wide range of changes in climatic variables. Stream flow simulations by the HBV model were carried out for the 2020s (2011–2040), 2050s (2041–2070) and 2080s (2071–2099) to define hydrologic impacts. The result of downscaled precipitation reveals that precipitation does not manifest a systematic increase or decrease in all future time horizons for both A2 and B2 scenarios unlike that of minimum and maximum temperature and related evaporation. For the future horizons significant changes and variations in the seasonal and monthly flows are to be expected and for the 2080s the runoff volume in the rainy season will reduce by approximately 11·6 and 10·1% for the A2 and B2 scenarios. Results from synthetic incremental scenarios also indicate sensitivities to climate change. As much as 33% of the seasonal and annual runoff is expected to reduce when temperature increases by 2 °C and when rainfall decreases by approximately 20%. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Response of groundwater chemical characteristics to ecological water conveyance in the lower reaches of the Tarim River, Xinjiang, China
Authors: Li Weihong , Hao Xinming , Chen Yongjin , Zhang Lihua , Ma Xiaodong , Zhou Honghua 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the chemical characteristics of the groundwater and their changes in response to ecological water conveyance along a cut‐off river section in the lower reaches of the Tarim River, Xinjiang, China, during the intermittent ecological water conveyance between 2000 and 2007. Data were collected at 33 monitoring wells in nine sections in the lower reaches of the river. The results show that the groundwater quality improved continuously with increasing numbers of ecological water‐conveyance episodes. Longitudinally, the changing trend in groundwater salinity within the river reach was approximately W‐shaped. The two peak values appeared in the Tugmailai section in the middle and in the Kaogan section in the lower part of the river reach. Transversely, the changing trend in groundwater salinity showed obvious salt accumulation in the groundwater 750 m from the river channel. The groundwater salinity within 750 m of the river channel was relatively low and it did not change greatly. The groundwater salinity decreased along both sides of the river, which favoured the restoration of the riparian vegetation. These results also demonstrate a significant correlation between the height of the groundwater and groundwater salinity. The groundwater salinity was relatively low and the vegetation cover was greater than 30% in areas of groundwater level of 4–5 m. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of the groundwater threshold of desert riparian forest vegetation along the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River, China
Authors: Hao Xingming , Li Weihong , Huang Xiang , Zhu Chenggang , Ma Jianxin 
Published: September 2009

AbstractSurvival of desert riparian vegetation along the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River in China depends almost entirely on groundwater. The aim of this project was to study the effect of various water table levels on desert riparian forest vegetation and to determine the groundwater threshold under which desert riparian forest vegetation can grow normally. Using data collected from 2 years (2006–2007) of monitoring (groundwater, vegetation plots, and soil profiles) of the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River, the relationship between vegetation and environmental factors was analysed using detrended canonical correspondence analysis (DCCA). The average depth of the groundwater table at the study sites was divided into six ranges (0–2, 2–4, 4–6, 6–8, 8–10, and >10 m) to compare the influence of groundwater level on species diversity. Using the ecological suitability theory and data from previous studies of several major plant species in the study area, a logarithm normal distribution relation model was built between the growth of plants and the depth of groundwater. The results of DCCA ordination indicated that groundwater depth (GWD) and soil moisture are the crucial environmental factors affecting the distribution of plants. Species diversity was the highest at the 2–4 m level, followed by the 4–6 m level, and then the 0–2 m level. When the groundwater level dropped to below 6 m, species diversity decreased greatly, and the slope of Hill's index (diversity ordering) tended to level off. Thus, the optimum groundwater level for major plant growth is 2–4 m and the threshold GWD is about 6 m. To restore the vegetation and ecosystem of the lower reaches of the Tarim River, the water table must be kept at a minimum of 6 m in depth. It should also be maintained at 2–4 m in the vicinity of the water way and at 4–6 m for the rest of this arid area. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of water table under stream–aquifer interactions over an arid region
Authors: Xie Zhenghui , Yuan Xing 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn arid regions, groundwater is recharged laterally from rivers; this recharge is the primary source of water for vegetation. The rise or decline of the water table results in salinization or desertification respectively, and damages vegetation growth. Therefore, prediction of the water table with consideration of the stream–aquifer interactions is very important for understanding the hyporheic processes under human intervention, and to assess the ecological effects and water resource management of arid regions. This paper used a statistical‐dynamical approach to predict the water table elevation near a river channel in an arid region from river discharge, which was achieved by a numerical model, a fitted stage‐discharge function, and an automatic parameter calibration method. The model was established by reducing the problem of water table prediction under stream–aquifer interactions to an initial value problem of the differential equations with prescribed river discharge based on Darcy's law; the model parameters were automatically calibrated by the Shuffled Complex Evolution method. Synthetic experiments were used to test the sensitivities of the water table prediction to model parameters, and showed the robustness of the proposed scheme under different conditions. The proposed scheme was also calibrated and validated using data collected at the Yingsu section in the lower reaches of the Tarim River. The systematic biases, mean absolute errors, root mean squared errors, and correlation coefficients for the validation had ranges of −0·22 ∼ 0·16 m, 0·14 ∼ 0·33 m, 0·18 ∼ 0·44 m and 0·94 ∼ 0·99 m respectively. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Salinization risk in semi‐arid floodplain wetlands subjected to engineered wetting and drying cycles
Authors: Crosbie Russell S. , McEwan Kerryn L. , Jolly Ian D. , Holland Kate L. , Lamontagne Sebastien , Moe Kamilla Grotthing , Simmons Craig T. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis study investigated the surface water–groundwater interactions of three semi‐arid floodplain wetlands of the lower River Murray (SE Australia) using a combination of hydrometric, natural tracer and geophysical methods. The current management objective for these wetlands is to mimic the natural surface water flow regime by engineering wetting and drying cycles for the benefit of the biota. However, the impact this will have on groundwater processes and wetland salinization is unknown. This study found that when inundated, two of the wetlands were groundwater recharge features, whereas the other was a groundwater throughflow system. After these wetlands were dried, there was a reversal of the hydraulic gradients and all three wetlands became groundwater discharge features. The transformation of these wetlands to groundwater discharge features after the removal of surface water means that there is an increased risk of salinization when wetting and drying cycles are reintroduced. In arid/semi‐arid regions of the world where wetlands are in direct contact with saline groundwater, extreme caution should be applied when altering the management of the surface hydrology of the wetlands because increases in salinity can impact upon biodiversity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does why we reminisce reflect how you behave? Linking maternal reminiscing goals to child behavioural and emotional problems
Authors: Kulkofsky Sarah 
Published: September 2009

AbstractRecent theoretical and empirical work suggests that joint mother–child reminiscence may reflect both explicit and implicit socialization goals. The present study investigates mothers' explicit socialization goals that may be enacted during joint reminiscence in relation to children's behavioural and emotional problems. Two hundred and sixty‐five mothers of 3‐ to 8‐year‐old children completed an online survey that included a measure of seven reminiscing goals (emotional understanding, behaviour control, bonding, interdependence, entertainment, memory skill development, and maintaining peer relationships). In addition, mothers completed measures of children's emotion problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity, and peer problems as well as supportive parenting and maternal attachment. Findings indicated that controlling for supportive parenting and maternal attachment, emotional understanding was a unique predictor of children's emotion problems, directing behaviour was a unique predictor of conduct problems, and bonding was a unique predictor of hyperactivity. These findings provide support for the functional nature of joint reminiscence. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physiological condition status and muscle‐based biomarkers in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), after long‐term exposure to carbamazepine
Authors: Li Zhi‐Hua , Zlabek Vladimir , Velisek Josef , Grabic Roman , Machova Jana , Randak Tomas 
Published: September 2009

AbstractRecently, residual pharmaceuticals are generally recognized as relevant sources of aquatic environmental pollutants. However, the toxicological effects of these contaminants have not been adequately researched. In this study, the chronic toxic effects of carbamazepine (CBZ), an anticonvulsant pharmaceutical commonly present in surface and ground water, on physiological condition status and muscle‐based biomarkers of rainbow trout were investigated. Fish were exposed at sublethal concentrations of CBZ (1.0 µg l−1, 0.2 mg l−1 and 2.0 mg l−1) for 42 days. Compared with the control, there was a significant lower (P < 0.05) condition factor in fish exposed at the highest concentration of CBZ (2.0 mg l−1), but the hepatosomatic indices in all groups were not significant changes. At lower CBZ concentration (1.0 µg l−1, 0.2 mg l−1), the antioxidant enzyme activities were induced slightly, except catalase, while at the highest concentration (2.0 mg l−1) oxidative stress was apparent as reflected by the significant higher lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls in the fish muscle, associated with a significant inhibition of antioxidant enzymes activities. Moreover, energy metabolic parameters (RNA–DNA ratio, Na+–K+–ATPase) were significantly inhibited in muscle of the fish exposed at the highest concentration (2.0 mg l−1), compared with the control. In short, CBZ‐induced physiological and biochemical responses in fish were reflected in parameters measured in this study, which suggest that these biomarkers could be used as potential indicators for monitoring residual pharmaceuticals present in aquatic environment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sonographic diagnosis and monitoring of an intramural duodenal hematoma following upper endoscopic biopsy in a child
Authors: Antoniou Dimitris , Zarifi Maria , Gentimi Fotini , Christopoulos‐Geroulanos George 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIntramural duodenal hematoma is an uncommon complication of pediatric endoscopic biopsy that occurs mainly in children with bleeding disorders. We report the case of a 5‐year‐old girl who presented with signs of partial duodenal obstruction and acute pancreatitis due to duodenal hematoma following endoscopic biopsy. The lesion was diagnosed and monitored by sonography and resolved with conservative management. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2009
Serial compression B‐scan and Doppler sonography for the screening of deep venous thrombosis in patients with spinal cord injuries
Authors: Germing Alfried , Schakrouf Mahmud , Lindstaedt Michael , Grewe Peter , Meindl Renate , Mügge Andreas 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the usefulness of serial compression B‐scan and Doppler sonography (US) in screening for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremities in patients with spinal cord injuries.MethodPatients with paraplegia and tetraplegia due to spinal cord injuries were screened by a serial compression B‐scan and Doppler US protocol for DVT of the bilateral lower extremities within the first 36 hours after admission, at day 7 and at day 21. In patients with DVT, a follow‐up US examination was performed 3 weeks after diagnosis to assess thrombi distribution.ResultsBetween January 2007 and March 2008, a total of 115 patients (75 males, 40 females), aged 19 to 85 years, were included. The first US examination documented a DVT in 44 cases (38.3%). After an initial negative scan, sonography after 7 days and 21 days showed DVT in 6 patients and 2 patients, respectively. Cumulative rate of DVT after the first 3 weeks was 45.2% (n=52). Follow‐up US after 3 weeks in patients with DVT documented a complete recanalization in 19 patients (36.5%), no change in 12 patients (23.1%), and residual thrombi with partial recanalization in 21 patients (40.4%).ConclusionOur study supports the use of serial compression B‐scan and Doppler US as a screening tool for DVT of the lower extremities in patients with spinal cord injuries early after injury. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2010
Efficient gene delivery into mammalian cells by recombinant baculovirus containing a hybrid cytomegalovirus promoter/Semliki Forest virus replicon
Authors: Pan Yongfei , Zhao Qian , Fang Liurong , Luo Rui , Chen Huanchun , Xiao Shaobo 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackgroundBaculovirus, which is widely utilized as an excellent tool for the production of recombinant protein in insect cells, has recently emerged as a novel and attractive gene delivery vehicle for mammalian cells. Alphavirus, such as Semliki Forest virus (SFV), has also received considerable attention for use as expression vectors because of its self‐replicating property. In the present study, we investigated the characterization of recombinant baculovirus incorporating a hybrid cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter/SFV replicon.MethodsRecombinant baculovirus containing the hybrid CMV promoter/SFV replicon was constructed. Using enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) as the reporter gene, gene delivery efficiencies and the ability to express heterogenous protein in mammalian cells were evaluated. Optimal transduction conditions, including transduction temperature, time and dose, were also investigated.ResultsThe obtained recombinant baculovirus, Bac‐CMV/SFV‐EGFP, exhibited high transduction efficiency and high‐level expression of reporter protein in mammalian cells. Furthermore, this recombinant baculovirus could induce apoptosis in mammalian cells in the course of transduction, as demonstrated by the observed DNA laddering patterns and increased caspase‐3 activity.ConclusionsThe developed baculovirus vector has a high transduction efficiency and the ability to mediate foreign gene expression in mammalian cells. Taken together with its pro‐apoptotic properties, this baculovirus vector may provide an alternative tool for vaccine development. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A lentiviral vector‐based adenovirus fiber‐pseudotyping approach for expedited functional assessment of candidate retargeted fibers
Authors: Uil Taco G. , de Vrij Jeroen , Vellinga Jort , Rabelink Martijn J. W. E. , Cramer Steve J. , Chan On Ying A. , Pugnali Margherita , Magnusson Maria , Lindholm Leif , Boulanger Pierre , Hoeben Rob C. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackgroundMany studies aimed at retargeting adenovirus (Ad) rationally focus on genetic modification of fiber, which is the primary receptor‐binding protein of Ad. Retargeted fibers ultimately require functional validation in the viral context.MethodsLentiviral vectors (LV) were used to express fiber variants in cells. Infections with a fiber gene‐deleted Ad vector yielded fiber‐pseudotyped viruses. An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and slot blot‐based assays probed target binding‐ability of retargeted fibers. Differential treatments with an alkylating agent prior to western blot analysis allowed for examination of intra‐ and extracellular redox states of fibers.ResultsIn the present study, LV‐based fiber‐pseudotyping of Ad is presented as an accelerated means to test new fibers. LV‐mediated gene transfer yielded stable and uniform populations of fiber variant‐expressing cells. These populations were found to effectively support fiber‐pseudotyping of Ad. As a secondary objective of the study, we functionally assessed a chimeric fiber harboring a tumor antigen‐directed single‐chain antibody fragment (scFv). This fiber was shown to trimerize and achieve a degree of binding to its antigenic target. However, its capsid incorporation ability was impaired and, moreover, it was unable to confer a detectable level of target binding upon Ad. Importantly, subsequent analyses of this fiber revealed the improper folding of its scFv constituent.ConclusionsLV‐based fiber‐pseudotyping was established as a convenient method for testing modified fibers for functionality within Ad particles. Furthermore, a new chimeric fiber was found to be inadequate for Ad retargeting. The folding difficulties encountered for this particular fiber might be generally inherent to the use (i.e. for genetic Ad capsid incorporation) of complex, disulfide bridge‐containing natural ligands. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient adenovirus‐mediated gene transfer to gastric tissue by oral administration
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Fei , Shi Yun , Zhang Jin‐Yu , Zhuang Yuan , Jia Ke‐Ran , Mao Xu‐Hu , Guo Ying , Liu Tao , Liu Zhen , Wu Chao , Zhang Wei‐Jun , Zhou Wei‐Ying , Guo Gang , Zou Quan‐Ming 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackgroundRecombinant adenoviruses (rAd) are well‐characterized viral vectors and have been studied in many human diseases. However, there are no detailed methods for transferring genes to the stomach using rAd.MethodsGastric epithelial cells were infected with rAd encoding green fluorescence protein (AdGFP) for different times, or with AdGFP that had been incubated in artificial gastric juice at different pH values for 1 h. Gene expression was detected by fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry. Mice were infected via oral administration with rAd encoding red fluorescence protein and β‐galactosidase (AdRFP‐lacZ) or rAd encoding mouse interleukin‐17 (AdmIL‐17), and tissues were collected at the indicated times after infection. LacZ expression in different tissues was detected by X‐gal staining and IL‐17 expression in the stomach was assessed by the real‐time polymerase chain reaction and an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Inflammation in the stomach was also assessed.ResultsrAd could infect the gastric epithelial cells and tolerate pH 5 for 1 h in vitro. Adenovirus‐mediated genes were specifically expressed in the gastrointestinal tract and transgene expression persisted in gastric tissue for up to 7 days after oral administration of AdRFP‐lacZ. Oral administration of AdmIL‐17 induced mIL‐17 expression in gastric tissue at the mRNA and protein levels and protein level peaked on day 5 post‐infection. IL‐6, a target protein of IL‐17, and gastric inflammation also increased in AdmIL‐17‐infected mice.ConclusionsThe present study has established a detailed method for transferring adenovirus‐mediated gene to the stomach, which may provide a valuable approach for gene therapy or the study of the basic biology of gastric diseases. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asking for help: Internal medicine residents' use of a medical procedure service
Authors: Huang Grace C. , Smith C. Christopher , York Meghan , Weingart Saul N. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Little is known about the professional help‐seeking behavior of residents as they perform procedures in the hospital.OBJECTIVE:To determine when residents seek formal supervision to perform inpatient medical procedures.DESIGN:We conducted a prospective cohort study of resident physicians' use of formal supervision through a medical procedure service (MPS) for placing central venous catheters (CVCs) and performing thoracenteses. We compared resident, procedure, and patient characteristics among MPS and non‐MPS procedures. We performed bivariable and multivariable analyses to examine factors associated with use of the MPS. We also performed a subgroup analysis of non‐MPS procedures to assess the influence of resident, procedure, and patient characteristics on the choice of informal supervision.SETTING:Boston teaching hospital.SUBJECTS:Sixty‐nine internal medicine residents.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:Use of an elective MPS for formal faculty supervision.RESULTS:Among 191 procedures performed, 79 (41%) used the MPS. Residents were more likely to seek faculty supervision via the MPS among patients with 3 or more comorbidities (odds ratio [OR], 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2‐3.5). They were less likely to seek MPS supervision when procedures were performed urgently or emergently (OR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2‐0.8). There were few differences in the characteristics of unsupervised and informally supervised procedures.CONCLUSIONS:Resident physicians appear to seek formal assistance appropriately for procedures they perform on sicker patients. Additional research is needed to understand whether overconfidence or poor access to attending physicians is responsible for their failure to seek consultation with urgent and emergent cases. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:404–409. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.