bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐Insurance and Self‐Protection as Public Goods
Authors: Lohse Tim , Robledo Julio R. , Schmidt Ulrich 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMany public goods provide utility by insuring against hazardous events. Those public goods can have self‐insurance and self‐protection character. For both situations we analyze the efficient public provision level and the provision level resulting from Nash behavior in a private provision game. We consider the interaction of public goods as insurance devices with market insurance. The availability of market insurance reduces the provision level of the public good for both public and private provision, regardless of whether we consider self‐insurance or self‐protection. Moreover, we show that Nash behavior has always a larger impact than the availability of market insurance.
Role of protein kinase C in caerulein induced expression of substance P and neurokinin‐1‐receptors in murine pancreatic acinar cells
Authors: Koh Yung‐Hua , Tamizhselvi Ramasamy , Moochhala Shabbir , Bian Jin‐Song , Bhatia Madhav 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSubstance P (SP) is involved in the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis (AP) via binding to its high‐affinity receptor, neurokinin‐1‐receptor (NK1R). An up‐regulation of SP and NK1R expression was observed in experimental AP and in caerulein‐stimulated pancreatic acinar cells. However, the mechanisms that lead to this up‐regulation are not fully understood. In this study, we showed the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in caerulein‐induced SP and NK1R production in isolated mouse pancreatic acinar cells. Caerulein (10−7 M) stimulation rapidly activated the conventional PKC‐α and novel PKC‐δ as observed by the phosphorylation of these molecules. Pre‐treatment of pancreatic acinar cells with Gö6976 (1–10 nM) and rottlerin (1–10 μM) inhibited PKC‐α and PKC‐δ phosphorylation, respectively, but not the other way round. At these concentrations used, PKC‐α and PKC‐δ inhibition reversed the caerulein‐induced up‐regulation of SP and NK1R, indicating an important role of PKCs in the modulation of SP and NK1R expression. Further experiments looking into signalling mechanisms showed that treatment of pancreatic acinar cells with both Gö6976 and rottlerin inhibited the activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK). Inhibition of PKC‐α or PKC‐δ also affected caerulein‐induced transcription factor activation, as represented by nuclear factor‐κB and AP‐1 DNA‐binding activity. The findings in this study suggested that PKC is upstream of the mitogen‐activated protein kinases and transcription factors, which then lead to the up‐regulation of SP/NK1R expression in caerulein‐treated mouse pancreatic acinar cells.
Overweight and obesity weakly predict the development of periodontal infection
Authors: Saxlin Tuomas , Ylöstalo Pekka , Suominen‐Taipale Liisa , Aromaa Arpo , Knuuttila Matti 
Published: October 2010

Saxlin T, Ylöstalo P, Suominen‐Taipale L, Aromaa A, Knuuttila M. Overweight and obesity weakly predict the development of periodontal infection. J Clin Periodontol 2010; doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2010.01633.x.AbstractAim: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between body weight and periodontal infection in a longitudinal setting.Material and methods: This study was based on a subpopulation of the Health 2000 Survey that included dentate, non‐diabetic subjects aged 30–59 years, who had never smoked and who had participated in the Follow‐Up Study on Finnish Adults' Oral Health approximately 4 years later (n=396). The number of new teeth with deepened (4 mm deep or deeper) periodontal pockets in the follow‐up examination was used as the outcome variable. Body weight was measured using body mass index, categorized into three categories: <25.0 (normal weight), 25.0–29.9 (overweight) and 30.0 or more (obesity). Incidence rate ratios were estimated using Poisson's regression models.Results: Body weight was weakly, but not statistically significantly, associated with the number of new teeth with deepened periodontal pockets among subjects who were periodontally healthy in the baseline examinations, whereas only a minuscule association was found among subjects who had periodontal infection at baseline.Conclusions: The results of this follow‐up study do not provide evidence that overweight and obesity can be considered significant risk factors in the pathogenesis of periodontal infection.
Mapping of titanium particles in peri‐implant oral mucosa by Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry and high‐resolution optical darkfield microscopy
Authors: Flatebø R. S. , Høl P. J. , Leknes K. N. , Kosler J. , Lie S. A. , Gjerdet N. R. 
Published: October 2010

J Oral Pathol Med (2011) 40: 412–420The present study examines the quantity, size, element signatures and distribution of titanium particles in normal oral mucosal tissue and in oral mucosa exposed to a titanium implant. Tissue samples from six healthy patients were obtained by a full thickness biopsy taken from the edge of the oral mucosa when inserting a titanium dental implant. At the abutment insertion 6 months later, a punch test biopsy of oral mucosa was taken over the implant site. Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) is a sensitive and specific multi‐element microanalytical technique that demonstrated the presence of Ti particles in the tissue adjacent to implant cover‐screws. The epithelial part of the control samples revealed more particles than the corresponding area of the test samples, consisting partly of newly formed scar tissue. High‐Resolution Optical Darkfield Microscope (HR‐ODM) confirmed the presence of particles in both the control and the test samples. The combination of LA‐ICP‐MS and HR‐ODM appears to be a powerful combination for detection of particles in oral tissues; optical microscopy provides an overview with histological references, whereas LA‐ICP‐MS identifies the chemical composition.
Treatment of tinea capitis – a critical appraisal
Authors: Ginter‐Hanselmayer Gabriele , Seebacher Claus 
Published: October 2010

SummaryGriseofulvin has been introduced in 1958, ever since it remained the gold standard for the treatment of tinea capitis in the United States. Despite the availability of new antifungals like terbinafine, itraconazole and fluconazole –with few exceptions not licensed for their use in children – duration of tinea capitis treatment could not be shortened. The reasons therefore are the anatomic structure of the hair follicle, the dormant sebum‐production before onset of puberty, and the way of action of the new antifungals. Although data concerning the pharmacokinetics of allylamines and triazoles in childhood‐populations are lacking, some experience confirms a correlation of the way of action of modern antifungals and the causative pathogen.In children the treatment of Microsporum infections of the scalp is crucial. That may be explained by the unique pharmacokinetic features of the substance of terbinafine: Terbinafine neither can be excreted by sweat nor by sebum before onset of puberty. Terbinafine is incorporated in the keratin of mature terminal hair in the anagen phase. In children it will not be built in the hair shaft and therefore it will not reach the surface of the scalp where the sheets of arthro‐conidia in microsporosis are located. This peculiar fact was not yet considered in clinical studies.
Lanthanum Carbonate Versus Sevelamer Hydrochloride: Improvement of Metabolic Acidosis and Hyperkalemia in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Filiopoulos Vassilis , Koutis Ioannis , Trompouki Sofia , Hadjiyannakos Dimitrios , Lazarou Dimitrios , Vlassopoulos Dimosthenis 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSevelamer hydrochloride (SH) has been reported to aggravate metabolic acidosis and hyperkalemia. This study was performed to evaluate acid–base status and serum potassium changes after replacing SH with lanthanum carbonate (LC) in hemodialysis patients. SH was prescribed for 24 weeks in 14 stable hemodialysis patients and replaced by LC in a similar treatment schedule. Laboratory tests, including indices of acid–base status, nutrition, bone/mineral metabolism, and dialysis adequacy, were performed monthly during the study. Dialysate bicarbonate, potassium and calcium concentrations remained constant. Serum bicarbonate and pH rose, and serum potassium dropped significantly under LC. Alkaline phosphatase also decreased significantly under LC. No significant differences were observed in the other studied parameters between the two treatment periods. Control of serum phosphate was similar under both phosphate‐binders and no differences were observed in calcium, Ca × P product, CRP, or lipid levels. Dialysis adequacy was constantly kept within K/DOQI target‐range. Although full compliance to treatment was reported, three patients on LC complained of gastrointestinal upset and/or a metallic taste, and four had difficulty chewing the LC tablet. LC improves metabolic acidosis and hyperkalemia in hemodialysis patients previously under SH. Although both medications are well‐tolerated, the gastrointestinal side‐effects appear to occur more frequently with LC; a fact that, together with difficulties in chewing the tablet, may result in decreased compliance.
HerMES: SPIRE detection of high-redshift massive compact galaxies in GOODS-N field
Authors: Cava A. , Rodighiero G. , Pérez-Fournon I. , Buitrago F. , Trujillo I. , Altieri B. , Amblard A. , Auld R. , Bock J. , Brisbin D. , Burgarella D. , Castro-Rodríguez N. , Chanial P. , Cirasuolo M. , Clements D. L. , Conselice C. J. , Cooray A. , Eales S. , Elbaz D. , Ferrero P. , Franceschini A. , Glenn J. , Solares E. A. González , Griffin M. , Ibar E. , Ivison R. J. , Marchetti L. , Morrison G. E. , Mortier A. M. J. , Oliver S. J. , Page M. J. , Papageorgiou A. , Pearson C. P. , Pohlen M. , Rawlings J. I. , Raymond G. , Rigopoulou D. , Roseboom I. G. , Rowan-Robinson M. , Scott D. , Seymour N. , Smith A. J. , Symeonidis M. , Tugwell K. E. , Vaccari M. , Valtchanov I. , Vieira J. D. , Vigroux L. , Wang L. , Wright G. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
We have analysed the rest-frame far-infrared properties of a sample of massive (M★ &gt; 1011 M⊙) galaxies at 2 ≲z≲ 3 in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey-North (GOODS-N) field using the Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) instrument aboard the Herschel Space Observatory. To conduct this analysis we take advantage of the data from the Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey (HerMES) key programme. The sample comprises 45 massive galaxies with structural parameters characterized with HST NICMOS-3. We study detections at submm Herschel bands, together with Spitzer 24-μm data, as a function of the morphological type, mass and size. We find that 26/45 sources are detected at MIPS 24 μm and 15/45 (all MIPS 24-μm detections) are detected at SPIRE 250 μm, with disc-like galaxies more easily detected. We derive star formation rates (SFRs) and specific star formation rates (sSFRs) by fitting the spectral energy distribution of our sources, taking into account non-detections for SPIRE and systematic effects for MIPS derived quantities. We find that the mean SFR for the spheroidal galaxies (∼50–100 M⊙ yr−1) is substantially (a factor ∼3) lower than the mean value presented by disc-like galaxies (∼250–300 M⊙ yr−1).
The effect of the application of gaseous ozone and ND:YAG laser on glass‐fibre post bond strength
Authors: Kıvanç Bağdagül H. , Arısu Hacer D. , Özcan Suat , Görgül Güliz , Alaçam Tayfun 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the application of gaseous ozone and Nd:YAG laser on glass‐fibre post bond strength. Forty‐two madibular premolar roots were cut, endodontically instrumented and irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl. Post spaces were prepared and roots were divided into three groups (n = 14). The antimicrobial pretreatment was conducted as follows: gaseous ozone, Nd:YAG laser and control (no additional disinfection methods). Scanning electron microscope analysis was made for each group (n = 2). A resin cement was used for luting the posts. For push‐out test, each root was cut horizontally (two cervical, two middle and two apical). Statistical analyses were performed with one‐way anova (α = 0.05). Fracture types were observed. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups (P > 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in cervical and apical segments of laser and control groups (P < 0.05). The disinfection of the post spaces with Nd:YAG laser and ozone had no adverse effects on bond strength of glass‐fibre post.
Evaluation of the antimicrobial activities of chlorhexidine gluconate, sodium hypochlorite and octenidine hydrochloride in vitro
Authors: Tirali Resmiye E. , Bodur Haluk , Sipahi Bilge , Sungurtekin Elif 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe objective of this study was to compare the antimicrobial activity of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) and octenidine hydrochloride (OCT) in different concentrations against endodontic pathogens in vitro. Agar diffusion procedure was used to determine the antimicrobial activity of the tested materials. Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans and the mixture of these were used for this study. In the agar diffusion test, 5.25% NaOCl exhibited better antimicrobial effect than the other concentrations of NaOCl for all strains. All concentrations of OCT were effective against C. albicans and E. faecalis. Some 0.2% CHX was ineffective on all microorganisms. Antibacterial effectiveness of all experimental solutions decreased on the mixture of all strains. Decreasing concentrations of NaOCl resulted in significantly reduced antimicrobial effect.
Radiographic evaluation of the technical quality of root canal fillings performed by dental students
Authors: Rafeek Reisha N. , Smith William A. , Mankee Melissa S. , Coldero Larry G. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate radiographically the technical quality of root canal fillings performed by dental students at the School of Dentistry, University of the West Indies. The school's database between 2000 and 2004 was investigated for patients with completed root canal treatment. The final sample consisted of 198 patients with 288 root‐filled teeth and 460 canals. The length, presence of voids, taper, curvature of canal and fractured instruments were recorded and scored. Chi‐squared analysis was used to determine statistically significant differences between the technical quality of root fillings and tooth type. Sixty‐three per cent, 27.6% and 72.2% of root‐filled canals had adequate length, density and taper respectively. The overall acceptability of root fillings having adequate length and taper, absence of voids and no fractured instruments was found in 10.9% of canals. Changes in teaching methods may be required to improve the technical quality of root canal treatment done by dental students.
Effect of light‐activated bleaching on pulp chamber temperature rise: An in vitro study
Authors: Kivanç Bağdagül Helvacıoğlu , Arisu Hacer Deniz , Ulusoy Özgür İlke Atasoy , Sağlam Baran Can , Görgül Güliz 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis study aimed to compare the pulp chamber temperature changes that occur with the use of different light sources during vital bleaching with and without application of bleaching agents. One hundred and forty‐four mandibular incisor teeth were divided into four groups (n = 36) according to the use of halogen light, light‐emitting diode, 3 W and 1.5 W diode laser. The teeth in the main groups were divided into three subgroups (n = 12). First subgroup had no bleaching gel application. By White and Whiteness HP were applied with a thickness of 2 mm to the other subgroups respectively. The labial surfaces of the teeth were irradiated with a total time of 20 s. Temperature changes in the pulp chamber were measured and analysed by using anova and Tukey test. The 3 W diode laser induced the highest pulp chamber temperature rise (P = 0.000). Bleaching gel application reduced the temperature changes in the diode laser groups (P < 0.05). Diode laser activation during vital bleaching induces pulp chamber temperature rise, which may cause thermal tissue damage.
Traumatic bone cyst suggestive of a chronic periapical abscess: A case report
Authors: Kahler Bill 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTraumatic bone cysts can mimic the signs and symptoms of an endodontic lesion. This case reports on a 19‐year‐old male patient who was referred for endodontic assessment of a symptomatic tooth with a gingival swelling and a draining sinus at the furcation of a mandibular second molar. Radiographically, a periradicular radiolucency is evident. A prior history of trauma as well as removal of the wisdom teeth was determined. After careful diagnosis unnecessary endodontic intervention was avoided. Surgical exploration, curettage and the generation of a blood clot resulted in healing at the 6 month review appointment. The tooth remained responsive to pulp sensibility testing at that time.
Evaluation of the antifungal activity of four solutions used as a final rinse in vitro
Authors: Mohammadi Zahed , Giardino Luciano , Palazzi Flavio 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe aim of the study was to compare the antifungal activity of 1.3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), MTAD and Tetraclean as a final rinse against Candida albicans in a human tooth model in vitro. Ninety extracted human maxillary central and lateral incisor teeth were randomly divided into four groups each with 20 teeth, a positive and a negative control each with five teeth. After preparing the root canals, teeth were inoculated with Candida albicans (ATCC 10261) and incubated for 72 h. Teeth were divided into four experimental groups according to the irrigation solution as follows: NaOCl, CHX, MTAD and Tetraclean. After culturing aliquots from the experimental teeth on Sabouraud 4% dextrose agar, colony‐forming units were counted. The results showed that 1.3% NaOCl and 2% CHX were equally effective and significantly superior to MTAD and Tetraclean (P < 0.05). Furthermore, antifungal efficacy of Tetraclean was significantly superior to MTAD (P < 0.05).
Prenatal LPS increases Inflammation in the Substantia Nigra ofGdnfHeterozygous Mice
Authors: Granholm Ann‐Charlotte , Zaman Vandana , Godbee Jennifer , Smith Michael , Ramadan Riad , Umphlet Claudia , Randall Patrick , Bhat Narayan R. , Rohrer Baerbel , Middaugh Lawrence D. , Boger Heather A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPrenatal systemic inflammation has been implicated in neurological diseases, but optimal animal models have not been developed. We investigated whether a partial genetic deletion of glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (Gdnf+/−) increased vulnerability of dopamine (DA) neurons to prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS [0.01 mg/kg intraperitoneal (i.p.)] or saline was administered to wild‐type (WT) orGdnf+/−pregnant mice on gestational day 9.5. Male offspring were examined at 3 weeks, 3 and 12 months of age. There was a progressive degeneration of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)‐positive neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) with age inGdnf+/−but not in WT mice, with no observed effects on locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic neurons or DA neurons of the ventral tegmental area. Inflammatory markers were elevated in SN of LPS treated offspring, with exacerbation inGdnf+/−mice. Intracellular accumulation of α‐synuclein (α‐syn) immunoreactivity in DA neurons of SN was observed in all groups ofGdnf+/−and in WT mice with prenatal LPS, with altered distribution between pars reticulata (pr) and pars compacta (pc). The findings suggest that prenatal LPS leads to accelerated neuropathology in the SN with age, and that a partial loss of GDNF exacerbates these effects, providing a novel model for age‐related neuropathology of the nigrostriatal DA system.
Numerical Analysis of Explicit One-Step Methods for Stochastic Delay Differential Equations
Authors: Baker Christopher T. H. , Buckwar Evelyn 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe consider the problem of strong approximations of the solution of stochastic differential equations of Itô form with a constant lag in the argument. We indicate the nature of the equations of interest, and give a convergence proof in full detail for explicit one-step methods. We provide some illustrative numerical examples, using the Euler–Maruyama scheme.
Timing-controlled Decompaction of Polyplexes In Vivo Greatly Enhances Transgene Expression
Authors: Tachibana Yoichi , Hashimoto Tomoko , Nozaki Hisae , Murakami Akira , Yamaoka Tetsuji 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Compaction extent of polyplexes was successfully regulated by cold treatment in buffer solution using thermoresponsive gene carriers composed of linear poly(ethyleneimine) (l-PEI) and alkyl side chains. Plasmid DNA (pCMV-Luc) was transfected to COS-1 cells using these carriers with different cold treatments. The luciferase expression was greatly enhanced when cells were treated at 4 °C in well-defined timing. This was a direct observation of how intracellular destabilization in regulated timing is important for nonviral gene transfection.
Special Education Teachers' Perceptions of Benefits, Barriers, and Components of Community-Based Vocational Instruction
Authors: Kim Rah Kyung , Dymond Stacy K. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis study investigated special education teachers' perceptions of the benefits, barriers, and components of community-based vocational instruction (CBVI). Participants included special education teachers (N  =  68) from randomly selected high schools in Illinois who had experience delivering vocational curriculum to students with disabilities. Data collection occurred via a survey. Special education teachers perceived CBVI to result in numerous benefits for students with disabilities. Limited resources, requirements of the No Child Left Behind Act, and student issues were identified as barriers to implementation. Incongruence existed between teachers' ratings of the importance and use of the components of CBVI. Years of teaching experience, types of students with disabilities served, size of school, and experience with CBVI affected teachers' perceptions of CBVI.
Medicaid-Covered Alcohol and Drug Treatment Use Among People With Intellectual Disabilities: Evidence of Disparities
Authors: Slayter Elspeth 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
For some, community inclusion facilitates access to alcohol and drugs and, therefore, the potential for developing substance abuse disorders. However, little is known about substance abuse treatment use among people with intellectual disabilities. Using standardized performance measures, substance abuse treatment utilization was examined for Medicaid-covered people with intellectual disabilies and substance abuse (N  =  9,484) versus people without intellectual disabilies (N  =  915,070). The sociobehavioral model of healthcare use guides multivariate logistic regression analyses of substance abuse treatment utilization patterns, revealing disability-related disparities. Factors associated with utilization included being non-White, living in a nonurban area, having a serious mental illness, and living in a state with a generous Medicaid plan for substance abuse treatment. Implications relate to health policy, service delivery patterns, and the need for cross-system collaboration in the use of integrated treatment approaches.