bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competitive Pathways in the Reaction of Lithium Oxy‐ortho‐quinodimethanes and Fischer Alkoxy Alkynyl Carbene Complexes: Synthesis of Highly Functionalised Seven‐Membered Benzocarbocycles
Authors: García‐García Patricia , Novillo Carlos , Fernández‐Rodríguez Manuel A. , Aguilar Enrique 
Published: November 2010

AbstractUp to four different outcomes have been found for the reaction between 1‐oxy‐ortho‐quinodimethanes (oQDMs) and alkoxy alkynyl Fischer carbene complexes (FCCs). The product formed depends on the structure of both reagents and on the reaction solvent. The pathways can be topologically classified as a [4C+2C], a [3(2C+O)+3C], and two different [4C+3C] processes and, in all these sequences, 1‐oxy‐oQDMs behave as enolates or as vinylogous enolates. The reaction of Choy and Yang’s unsubstituted oQDM 1 with tungsten alkynyl FCCs is solvent controlled; thus, selective formation of benzocycloheptenones can be achieved in THF, whereas exclusive synthesis of benzocycloheptene ketals is reached in diethyl ether. On the other hand, THF is the solvent of choice to form benzocycloheptene ketals when an alkyl or aryl group is placed at position 1 of the oQDM in its reaction with tungsten carbene complexes; however, a pyranylidene carbene complex is formed when a chromium carbene complex is used. Alternatively, the presence of bulky alkoxy groups in the FCC component favours a Diels–Alder aromatisation sequence, which leads to 1‐naphthyl FCCs. Furthermore, the isolation and the characterisation of several deuterated compounds by labelling experiments have provided some insight into the reaction pathways, and mechanisms consistent with those findings have been established and several reaction intermediates have been identified.
CFD simulations to portray the bubble distribution and the hydrodynamics in an annulus sparged air‐lift bioreactor
Authors: Xu Yuanyuan , Luo Lijia , Yuan Jingqi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAir‐lift bioreactor (ABR) are applied in the pharmaceutical industry for those processes of low‐oxygen demand. The characteristics of the air bubbles in an ABR are important since they influence the overall performance of the bioreactor. In this article, two‐dimensional CFD simulations are carried out to portray the flow characteristics in an annulus‐sparged ABR with a low‐aeration rate, which is a scaled geometry of a 200 m3annulus‐sparged ABR for theL‐ascorbic acid manufacturing. VOF model is applied firstly to capture the flow behaviour of the bubbles in the bioreactor, and the distributions of the bubbles and local mean bubble sizes are approximately obtained. With the local mean bubble size distribution, Eulerian model is adopted to investigate the performance of the bioreactor. The liquid velocity and the gas holdup are further discussed. The results show the existence of the local back mixing as well as the mal‐distributions of the velocity and the gas holdup along the radial direction in the annulus‐sparged ABR.
Growth and XRD analysis of the diluted magnetic semiconductor Zn1‐xNixO
Authors: Syed Ali K. S. , Saravanan R. , Açıkgöz M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDiluted magnetic semiconductor compound Zn1‐xNix O (x =0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05) was prepared by sol‐gel method and characterized using powder XRD for the distribution of electrons and bonding in the unit cell. The electronic structural studies of this material were carried out by maximum entropy method (MEM) for the quantitative and qualitative measurement on the inclusion and the effect induced on bonding by Ni doping. The spatial arrangement of charge and the bonding behavior of this material were analyzed from 3D, 2D and 1D density distributions. The evidence for the addition of Ni in the host lattice of Zn is realized. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Membranous nephropathy: From mechanisms to therapies
Authors: Cybulsky Andrey V. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMembranous nephropathy (MN) is an important glomerular disease characterized by podocyte injury and protein‐uria. The understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of MN has come from studies in the Heymann nephritis model of MN in the rat. MN involves the in situ formation of subepithelial immune deposits of antibodies reactive to podocyte antigens, activation of complement, and assembly of C5b‐9 on podo‐cyte plasma membranes. The podocyte responds to C5b‐9 attack by activating protein kinases, phospholipases, oxidants, transcription factors, growth factors, stress pathways, proteinases, and other mediators. These signals impact on metabolic pathways, structure/function of lipids, proteins in the cytoskeleton and slit diaphragm, and turnover of extracellular matrix components. Some effects of C5b‐9 affect podocyte functions adversely, while other effects may limit injury or promote recovery. Increased understanding of pathogenic antigens, complement activation, and changes in podocyte biology induced by C5b‐9 is an opportunity for new diagnostic and concept‐driven therapeutic approaches to this disease.
Asymmetric Organocatalytic Conjugate Addition of Diarylphosphane Oxides to Chalcones
Authors: Russo Alessio , Lattanzi Alessandra 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe first example of a convenient and enantioselective asymmetric conjugate addition of diarylphosphane oxides to chalcones is reported. By using commercially available dihydroquinine as the organocatalyst and diphenylphosphane oxide as the nucleophile, the adducts were isolated in high yield and up to 89 % ee. The final adducts can be easily recrystallized to enantiopure material.
Microwave‐assisted synthesis of α‐hydroxy‐benzylphosphonates and ‐benzylphosphine oxides
Authors: Keglevich György , Róza Tóth Viola , Drahos Lászó 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA series of α‐hydroxy‐benzylphosph‐ onates and ‐benzylphosphine oxides was synthesized by the Na2CO3‐catalyzed microwave‐assisted addition of dialkyl phosphites and dipenylphosphine oxide to P‐substituted benzaldehydes. The solventless reaction provided the products in short reaction times and in 71–88% yield. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:15–17, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20649
Glycosylation analysis of interleukin‐23 receptor: elucidation of glycosylation sites and characterization of attached glycan structures
Authors: Zhao Jia , Liu Yan‐Hui , Reichert Paul , Pflanz Stefan , Pramanik Birendra 
Published: November 2010

AbstractInterleukin‐23 (IL‐23) is a heterodimeric cytokine, a central factor in chronic/autoimmune inflammation. It signals through a heterodimeric receptor consisting of IL‐23r, which is heavily glycosylated. The structural characterization of IL‐23r has not been reported. In this work, glycosylation profiles of soluble recombinant human IL‐23r (rhIL‐23r) were established using mass spectrometry (MS), which included defining glycosylation sites, degree of glycosylation occupancy of each site and structure of attached oligosaccharides. Specifically, precursor ion scan of oxonium ion protonated N‐acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc+) (m/z 204) was performed using a triple quadrupole MS instrument to locate the retention time of glycopeptides. Both the glycopeptides and their corresponding deglycosylated forms in each collected HPLC fraction were studied by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) (LTQ‐Orbitrap) for glycosylation site profiling. The attached glycan structures were elucidated by collision‐induced dissociation (CID) fragmentation of target glycopeptides in combination with accurate mass measurement. Eight glycosylation sites were identified on IL‐23r (Asn24, Asn209, Asn239, Asn157, Asn118, Asn250, Asn58 and Asn6). Most of the glycosylation sites were > 95% occupied except Asn250 and Asn6. Those two sites were 88% and 45% occupied by estimation from trypsin digestion and were 55% and 42% occupied from LysC digestion. Multiple glycoforms were observed in IL‐23r. Most of them were bi‐, tri‐ or tetra‐antennary complex type structures with fucose and sialic acid. High mannose and hybrid type glycans were only observed on Asn157. The structural characterization on IL‐23r glycosylation provides useful information for better understanding of the biological function of IL‐23r. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of head position and surgical dissection on sinus irrigant penetration in cadavers
Authors: Singhal Deepti , Weitzel Erik Kent , Lin Elissa , Feldt Brent , Kriete Brian , McMains Kevin Christopher , Thwin May , Wormald Peter‐John 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground:Effective treatment for recalcitrant rhinosinusitis requires unobstructed surgical marsupialization of sinus cavities and use of delivery systems that will topically penetrate the sinuses.Aims:To determine the extent of sinus penetration achieved with nasal irrigation by varying the ostial size and head position.Methods:Ten thawed fresh‐frozen cadaver heads were dissected in a staged manner. After each stage of dissection, sinus squeeze‐bottle irrigations were performed in three head positions, and endoscopes placed via external ports into the sinus cavities viewed the sinus ostia. An ordinal scale was developed to grade ostial penetration of irrigations. Three reviewers independently graded the outcomes.Results:Irrigant entry into sinuses increased with ostial size (P < .001) and the greatest differential of improvement in sinus penetration is obtained at an ostial size of 4.7 mm. Stages 2 and 3 (larger sinus ostia) of maxillary and sphenoid dissections have statistically greater irrigant penetration relative to earlier stages. Frontal sinus irrigation is worse in vertex to ceiling head position. There does not appear to be any significant advantage to head position with maxillary and sphenoid sinuses.Conclusions:This study shows that the larger the sinus ostium, the better the penetration of irrigant into the sinus, with an ostium of at least 4.7 mm allowing maximal penetration in the maxillary and sphenoid sinuses. The same benefit was not noted in the frontal sinus. Head position was only relevant to the frontal sinus where less penetration was seen with the head neutral (vertex to ceiling) position when compared to forward angled positions. Laryngoscope, 2010
Therapeutic complications in a patient with high‐risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia and undiagnosed hereditary hemochromatosis
Authors: Balagtas Jay Michael S. , Dahl Gary V. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractHereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is an autosomal‐recessive disorder of iron metabolism that most commonly manifests in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Here, we describe a 14‐year‐old male who presented with high‐risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia and previously undiagnosed HH. His treatment course was remarkable for significant therapeutic complications, including iron overload, hepatic failure, cardiac dysfunction, and death. Postmortem testing revealed homozygosity for the C282Y mutation, confirming the diagnosis of HH. Since HH mutations occur commonly in select populations, screening patients with leukemia for HH may better inform treatment decisions regarding chemotherapy, transfusions, and/or iron chelation therapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 101–103. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relative quantitative proteomic analysis reveals wound response proteins correlated with after‐cooking darkening
Authors: Murphy J. Patrick , Kong Fanming , Pinto Devanand M. , Wang‐Pruski Gefu 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMany common potato tuber defects are difficult to elicidate because of the degree of genetic complexity involved, making systems biology approaches necessary. Interaction between chlorogenic acid and iron is responsible for the darkening of potato tuber tissues upon heating – termed after‐cooking darkening (ACD). To explore mechanisms of darkening severity in tuber tissues, we have employed relative quantitative proteomics to discover differentially expressed proteins involved in ACD. Tuber tissue samples were collected from a family of diploid clones which possess a highly segregated degree of the darkening. Exploiting this segregation, as well as the observation that darkening is more prevalent in the stem end of the tuber than the apical end, three sample groups were formed: (i) stem ends of three high‐ACD clones, (ii) stem ends of three low‐ACD clones, and (iii) apical ends of three low‐ACD clones. Protein samples were digested and differentially labeled using isotopic reductive methylation, allowing for an orthogonal two‐way comparison of protein profiles of the sample groups using 2‐D‐LC‐MS/MS. Using a cutoff fold change of 2 between the high‐ and the low‐ACD sample groups, 30 proteins showed a correlation with tissue darkening. Overall, we observed changes in relative protein abundance that showed an enhanced wound‐response program in high‐ACD tissues. Among these proteins, five proteins were further validated at the transcript level using qRT‐PCR. These proteins may be incorporated into design strategies to create potato cultivars with low levels of ACD.
Two‐dimensional air‐bridged silicon photonic crystal slab devices
Authors: Gan Lin , Zhou Chang‐Zhu , Wang Chen , Liu Rong‐Juan , Zhang Dao‐Zhong , Li Zhi‐Yuan 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAs silicon has a large refractive index and low loss in infrared wavelengths, it becomes an important optical material that has been widely used for integrated photonics applications. In this paper, we present some of our recent experimental works on infrared two‐dimensional air‐bridged silicon photonic crystal (PhC) slab devices that are based on both the band gap and band structure engineering. We have designed, fabricated, and characterized a series of PhC waveguides with novel geometries, resonant microcavities with fine tunability, and channel drop filters utilizing resonant coupling between waveguide and cavity. These devices are aimed to construct a more flexible network of transport channels for infrared light at micrometer/nanometer scale. We have also explored the remarkable dispersion properties of PhCs by engineering the band structures to achieve negative refraction, self‐collimation, superprism, and other anomalous dispersion behaviors of infrared light beams. We have designed and fabricated a PhC structure with negative refraction effect and used scanning near‐field optical microscopy to observe the negative refraction beam.
Dynamics of photoinduced phase transitions in hexacyanoferrate studied by infrared and Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Suemoto T. , Fukaya R. , Asahara A. , Nakajima M. , Tokoro H. , Ohkoshi S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractUnrevealed aspects of the photoinduced phase transition are discussed with a special emphasis placed on domains and domain boundaries. The CN− vibration spectroscopy, which is sensitive to the phase changes and boundaries, is applied to photomagnetic phase transition material, RbMn[Fe(CN)6]. From time‐resolved IR measurements for photoinduced low temperature to high temperature phase transition, the transient appearance of the boundaries as well as the new phase within 1 ps is observed. The growth processes of the low temperature phase and boundaries during UV irradiation on the sample in high temperature phase are investigated by Raman spectroscopy at room temperature. The result suggests that the new phase appears preferably in the fresh area and a lot of unpaired fragments of high temperature phase are left behind after a prolonged irradiation.magnified image
Typical distribution of two phases and boundaries in hexacyanoferrate during photoinduced phase transition (simulation). Blue: initial phase; red: new phase; green: boundary.
Identity‐based multi‐receiver threshold signcryption scheme
Authors: Qin Huawang , Dai Yuewei , Wang Zhiquan 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTAn identity‐based threshold signcryption scheme for multiple receivers is proposed. For thenspecified receivers, the ciphertext can be decrypted and verified when arbitrarytor more receivers work together. The steps of the private keys extraction, the signcryption, the decryption, and the verification are introduced in detail. The chosen‐ciphertext security of the scheme is proved formally. The comparisons to the existing schemes show that the proposed scheme is more secure, more flexible, and the simulative game of the security proof in the scheme is more perfect. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A semi‐competing risks model for data with interval‐censoring and informative observation: An application to the MRC cognitive function and ageing study
Authors: Barrett Jessica K. , Siannis Fotios , Farewell Vern T. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSemi‐competing risks data occur frequently in medical research when interest is in simultaneous modelling of two or more processes, one of which may censor the others. We consider the analysis of semi‐competing risks data in the presence of interval‐censoring and informative loss‐to‐followup. The work is motivated by a data set from the MRC UK Cognitive Function and Ageing Study, which we use to model two processes, cognitive impairment and death. Analysis is carried out using a multi‐state model, which is an extension of that used by Siannis et al. (Statist. Med. 2007; 26:426–442) to model semi‐competing risks data with exact transition times, to data which is interval‐censored. Model parameters are estimated using maximum likelihood. The role of a sensitivity parameter k, which influences the nature of informative censoring, is explored. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Bayesian subgroup analysis with a zero‐enriched Polya Urn scheme
Authors: Sivaganesan S. , Laud Purushottam W. , Müller Peter 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe introduce a new approach to inference for subgroups in clinical trials. We use Bayesian model selection, and a threshold on posterior model probabilities to identify subgroup effects for reporting. For each covariate of interest, we define a separate class of models, and use the posterior probability associated with each model and the threshold to determine the existence of a subgroup effect. As usual in Bayesian clinical trial design we compute frequentist operating characteristics, and achieve the desired error probabilities by choosing an appropriate threshold(s) for the posterior probabilities. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of aerosol‐spray deposition for determination of fine structure of barley starch using atomic force microscopy
Authors: Maley Jason , Asare Eric K. , Båga Monica , Rossnagel Brian G. , Chibbar Ravindra N. , Sammynaiken Ramaswami 
Published: November 2010

AbstractStarch samples extracted from barley cultivars with varying AM concentrations were imaged by AFM using intermittent contact mode. Two different deposition methods were used: a simple solution drop and an aerosol spray deposition. Using the drop deposition method, starch appeared mainly as small particles and aggregated globules, with average heights of 1.8 ± 0.2, 2.7 ± 0.7, and 5.5 ± 1.0 nm, for starch solutions containing increased (38%), normal (25.8%), and undetectable (0%) AM, respectively. The aerosol spray deposition method allowed analysis of individual biopolymer chains of AM and biopolymer fibrils of AP. The image of normal starch showed individual AM chains with an average height of 0.8 ± 0.2 nm, and an average contour length of 178 ± 127 nm. For increased AM starch, the height of individual AM chains was similar to normal starch, but the average contour length was shorter (140 ± 70 nm). All barley starches showed fibril bundles of AP with average heights of 1.9 to 2.9 nm and lengths in the micron size range.
An inverse function theorem in Fréchet spaces
Authors: Ekeland Ivar 
Published: November 2010

I present an inverse function theorem for differentiable maps between Fréchet spaces which contains the classical theorem of Nash and Moser as a particular case. In contrast to the latter, the proof does not rely on the Newton iteration procedure, but on Lebesgue's dominated convergence theorem and Ekeland's variational principle. As a consequence, the assumptions are substantially weakened: the map

F

to be inverted is not required to be

C^{2}

, or even

C^{1}

, or even Fréchet-differentiable.

Résumé

Je présente un théorème d'inversion pour des applications différentiables entre espaces de Fréchet, qui contient le théorème classique de Nash et Moser. Contrairement à ce dernier, la démonstration donnée ici ne repose pas sur l'algorithme itératif de Newton, mais sur le théorème de convergence dominée de Lebesgue et le principe variationnel d'Ekeland. Comme conséquence, les hypothèses sont substantiellement affaiblies : on ne demande pas que l'application

F

à inverser soit de classe

C^{2}

, ni même

C^{1}

, ni même différentiable au sens de Fréchet.
Transcutaneous nicotine does not prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Czarnetzki Christoph , Schiffer Eduardo , Lysakowski Christopher , Haller Guy , Bertrand Daniel , Tramèr Martin R. 
Published: November 2010

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • There is empirical evidence that smokers are less likely to suffer from postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV).• Tobacco smoke is known to induce enzymes, for instance, cytochrome P450, and this may partially explain the PONV‐protecting effect of smoking.• Chronic exposure to nicotine that is contained in the tobacco may lead to a desensitization of central nicotine receptors, and, subsequently, to an increased tolerance to the emetogenic effects of surgery and anaesthesia. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS • In non‐smokers undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia, pre‐operatively administered transcutaneous nicotine did not decrease the incidence of PONV within 24 h.• Patients receiving nicotine had a tendency to develop PONV symptoms earlier than controls.• Exposure to transcutaneous nicotine significantly increased the risk of insomnia during the first postoperative night.AIMS There is empirical evidence that smokers are less likely to suffer from postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). We sought to investigate whether transcutaneus nicotine prevents PONV.METHODS Non‐smokers receiving general anaesthesia for surgery were randomly allocated to Nicotinell® Patch 10 cm2 (TTS 10), containing 17.5 mg of nicotine (average delivery rate, 7 mg 24 h−1) or matching placebo patch. Patches were applied 1 h before surgery and were left in situ until 24 h after surgery (or until the first PONV symptoms occurred).RESULTS We randomized 90 patients (45 nicotine, 45 placebo). In the post‐anaesthetic care unit, the incidence of nausea was 22.2% with nicotine and 24.4% with placebo (P= 0.80), and the incidence of vomiting was 20.0% with nicotine and 17.8% with placebo (P= 0.78). Cumulative 24 h incidence of nausea was 42.2% with nicotine and 40.0% with placebo (P= 0.83), and of vomiting was 31.1% with nicotine and 28.9% with placebo (P= 0.81). PONV episodes tended to occur earlier in the nicotine group. Postoperative headache occurred in 17.8% of patients treated with nicotine and in 15.6% with placebo (P= 0.49). More patients receiving nicotine reported a low quality of sleep during the first postoperative night (26.7% vs. 6.8% with placebo; P= 0.01).CONCLUSIONS Non‐smokers receiving a prophylactic nicotine patch had a similar incidence of PONV during the first 24 h and tended to develop PONV symptoms earlier compared with controls. They had a significantly increased risk of insomnia during the first postoperative night.