bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The interplay of growth‐regulating factor 5 and BZR1 in coregulating chlorophyll degradation in poplar
Authors: Chen Hao , Wu Wenqi , Du Kang , Ling Aoyu , Kang Xiangyang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChlorophyll (Chl) is essential for plants to carry out photosynthesis, growth and development processes. Growth‐regulating factors (GRFs) play a vital role in regulating Chl degradation in plants. However, the molecular mechanism by which GRF5 regulates Chl degradation in poplar remains unknown. Here we found that overexpression of PpnGRF5‐1 increased Chl content in leaves and promoted chloroplast development in poplar. Overexpression of PpnGRF5‐1 in poplar delayed Chl degradation induced by external factors, such as hormones, darkness and salt stress. PpnGRF5‐1 responded to brassinosteroid (BR) signalling during BR‐induced Chl degradation and reduced the expression levels of Chl degradation and senescence‐related genes. PpnGRF5‐1 inhibited the expression of Chl b reductases PagNYC1 and PagNOL. PpnGRF5‐1 could interact with PagBZR1 in the nucleus. PagBZR1 also inhibited the expression of PagNYC1. In addition, we found that the protein–protein interaction between PagBZR1 and PpnGRF5‐1 enhanced the inhibitory effect of PpnGRF5‐1 on the Chl b reductases PagNYC1 and PagNOL. BZR1 and GRF5‐1 were upregulated, and NOL and NYC1 were downregulated in triploid poplars compared to diploids. This study revealed a new mechanism by which PpnGRF5‐1 regulates Chl degradation in poplars and lays the foundation for comprehensively analysing the molecular mechanism of Chl metabolism in triploid poplars.
Leucine‐rich repeat‐containing G protein‐coupled receptor 5 expression in lymph node metastases of colorectal cancer: Clinicopathological insights and prognostic implications
Authors: Sawaguchi Hiroshi , Uehara Takeshi , Iwaya Mai , Asaka Shiho , Nakajima Tomoyuki , Kamakura Masato , Nagaya Tadanobu , Yoshizawa Takahiro , Ota Hiroyoshi , Umemura Takeji 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLeucine‐rich repeat‐containing G protein‐coupled receptor 5 (LGR5), a significant cancer stem cell marker in colorectal cancer (CRC), lacks lymph node (LN) expression studies. In this study, we identified LGR5 expression by RNAscope, a highly sensitive RNA in situ method, and analyzed its association with clinicopathological characteristics. Tissue microarrays were generated from primary tumors (PTs) and LN metastases in paraffin‐embedded blocks of 38 CRC surgical resection materials. LGR5 expression by RNAscope was evaluated by dividing the expression levels into negative and positive expression. In all but two cases of LN metastasis, LGR5‐positive dots were detected in tumor cells, and there was a wide range of LGR5‐positive cells. More LGR5‐positive dots were identified in the gland‐forming region. Twenty‐three cases were classified into a high LGR5‐expression group, and 15 cases were classified into a low LGR5‐expression group. In the high LGR5‐expression group, the histological grade was lower than in the low LGR5‐expression group (p = 0.0159), while necrosis was significantly more prevalent (p = 0.0326), and the tumor, node, metastasis stage was significantly lower (p = 0.0302). There was no association between LGR5 expression levels in LN metastases and LGR5 expression levels in PT tissue. LGR5 expression in LN metastases may influence prognosis. Further analysis may lead to new therapeutic strategies.
Identification and pathogenicity of Clonostachys spp. and its co‐inoculation with Fusarium species on soybean root
Authors: Zhao Junlei , Xu Xi , Xu Xiaoling , Guo Lifeng , Wang Xiangjing , Xiang Wensheng , Zhao Junwei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSoybean is an important protein and oil crop around the world, widely cultivated in Heilongjiang province, China. In the summer of 2021, soybean root rot samples were collected from farms in multiple regions of Heilongjiang province to isolate pathogens. Twenty‐seven fungal isolates with similar morphology were found, causing soybean root discolouration and blackness leading to root rot, but which had relatively mild pathogenicity, with an average disease index of 13.69–32.25. Morphological features and multilocus phylogenetic analyses divided these isolates into four species: Clonostachys rosea (48.2%), C. rosea f. sp. rosea (14.8%), C. chloroleuca (29.6%) and Clonostachys sp. (7.4%). Co‐inoculation of these four species with two important pathogenic Fusarium species that can cause soybean root rot, F. annulatum and Fusarium sp. 1 in the Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC), showed that C. rosea and Clonostachys sp. significantly reduced the pathogenicity of F. annulatum to soybean root, while C. rosea f. sp. rosea and C. chloroleuca slightly increased the pathogenicity of F. annulatum. C. rosea, Clonostachys sp., C. chloroleuca and C. rosea f. sp. rosea slightly reduced the pathogenicity of Fusarium sp. 1 in the FOSC. Our research is the first to report Clonostachys sp., C. chloroleuca and C. rosea f. sp. rosea causing soybean root rot in Heilongjiang province, China, and that these four Clonostachys species can affect the pathogenicity of Fusarium species, alleviating or aggravating soybean root rot. The findings of this study provide new insights into exploring the interactions between pathogens and thus effectively controlling them.
Medical care services interplay between individual and Medicaid managed care markets in expansion versus non‐expansion states
Authors: Shi Bo , Baranoff Etti G. , Sager Thomas W. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe study enrollment, medical service utilization, and incurred expenses of individual comprehensive and Medicaid managed care plans in states with or without Medicaid expansion adopted at the Affordable Care Act (ACA) early stage 2014–2016. To make healthcare services more accessible, 27 states expanded Medicaid eligibility to cover nearly‐poor non‐elderly adults who have had incomes between 100% and 138% of federal poverty level in 2014. In non‐expansion states, early enrollees in this income cohort had to choose individual market plans rather than Medicaid. Early enrollees' enrollment choices and their health status have had a great impact on the individual market premiums and Medicaid spending. We examined health insurers' annual regulatory filings with the National Association of Insurance Commissioners for 2013–2016 and found that: First, individual comprehensive insurance enrollment grew much faster in states not expanding Medicaid eligibility. Second, after incorporating early enrollees, per member per month (PMPM) medical service utilization and expenses of individual comprehensive insurance grew much faster in non‐expansion states. Third, among major types of medical utilization and expense measures, PMPM hospital inpatient days and PMPM prescription drug expenses increased substantially since 2014. Finally, Medicaid beneficiaries generated more PMPM medical utilization and expenses in expansion states.
CHASING THE TAIL: A GENERALIZED PARETO DISTRIBUTION APPROACH TO ESTIMATING WEALTH INEQUALITY
Authors: Kennickell Arthur 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSince the work reported in Vermeulen (Review of Income and Wealth, 64(2), 357–387; 2018), a literature has developed using the simple Pareto distribution along with “rich list” information to improve estimates of the upper tail of the wealth distribution measured in surveys. Because the construction of such external data is typically opaque and subject to error, it may be best not to depend exclusively on this approach. This paper develops an alternative approach, using the generalized Pareto distribution (GPD), extending an estimation strategy developed by Castillo and Hadi (Journal of the American Statistical Association, 92(440), 1609–1620; 1997) in a novel way to survey data. The extension allows for addressing imperfections in the effective coverage of the upper tail of the wealth distribution, as well as allowing the imposition of an external measure of aggregate wealth as a constraint. The paper implements the method on Austrian survey data that has weak coverage of wealthy households. The results indicate that even with a range of plausible adjustments for data imperfections, relying only on the survey data to project the upper tail is insufficient to yield implied wealth aggregates in the range implied by aggregate figures. Imposing the implied aggregate as a constraint is necessary. The approach may be particularly useful in comparing survey‐based inequality measures across and within countries and over time, as well as in constructing distributional financial accounts.
The impact of simulation‐based training on medical students' whole blood transfusion abilities
Authors: Cole Rebekah , Shen Cynthia , Shumaker Jonathan , Matthews Kevin J. , Brown Zachery L. , Cuestas Joshua , Rudinsky Sherri L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundWhole blood transfusion has been found to increase the likelihood of patient survival within both military and civilian medicine contexts. However, no whole blood transfusion training curriculum currently exists within undergraduate or graduate medical education in the United States. The purpose of our study was to: (1) determine the impact of simulation‐based training on medical students' abilities to conduct whole blood transfusions; and (2) determine the impact of simulation‐based training on medical students' confidence in conducting whole blood transfusions.Study Design and MethodsWe assessed 157 third‐year military medical students' ability to conduct whole blood transfusion before and after Operation Gunpowder, a 2‐day high‐fidelity prolonged casualty care simulation. We conducted a paired samples t‐test to compare the students' pre‐ and post‐simulation performance scores as well as self‐reported confidence and stress ratings.ResultsThere was a significant difference in students' scores at the beginning of the course (M = 20.469, SD 6.40675) compared to their scores at the end of the course (M = 30.361, SD = 2.10053); t(155) = −18.833, p < .001. The effect size for this analysis (d = 6.56) was large. There was a significant difference (p < .001) between the pre‐ and post‐ratings for all self‐reported confidence and stress survey items.DiscussionOur results suggest that simulation‐based training is an effective means of training medical students to conduct whole blood transfusiontraining in a limited resource simulated environment where blood inventories may be limited.
Imaging diagnosis: Disseminated hemangiosarcoma in a Welsh pony
Authors: Farber Brianna , Urion Rebecca , Hostnik Eric T. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA 16‐year‐old pony gelding presented with epistaxis and a head tilt. Referral skull radiographs suggested an ethmoid hematoma. Concurrent neurologic abnormalities prompted contrast‐enhanced CT of the head and cranial neck, revealing numerous hyperattenuating masses throughout the brain and paranasal sinuses, along with a large osteolytic mass in the second cervical vertebra. The vertebral mass extended into the vertebral canal, causing focal extradural compressive myelopathy. These findings were inconsistent with ethmoid hematoma and metastatic hemangiosarcoma or malignant melanoma were prioritized as potential causes for the clinical signs. Postmortem examination confirmed the sinonasal, intracranial, and vertebral masses as hemangiosarcoma, and additionally revealed innumerable thoracoabdominal metastatic lesions and hemorrhagic foci. A final diagnosis of disseminated hemangiosarcoma was made. In this study, CT proved invaluable for evaluating the severity and characterizing regional disease and neural involvement, directly affecting case management decisions.
Equine laryngoplasty: Effects of three anchoring techniques in the muscular process and three positions for suture implantation in the cricoid cartilage
Authors: Maire Ulrika , Ducharme Norm G. , Rossignol Anthony , Campos Schweitzer Ariane , Rossignol Fabrice 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the effects of three anchoring techniques in the muscular process and three positions of laryngoplasty suture implantation in the cricoid cartilage on abduction of the arytenoid cartilage and interaction with the cricoarytenoid dorsalis (CAD) muscle compartments.Study designExperimental study.Sample populationTwenty‐two cadaveric equine larynges.MethodsThree implantation techniques were assessed in the left muscular process. They were the use of a titanium corkscrew (CS), a standard caudal passage using a Jamshidi needle (JCa), and a standard cranial passage using a Jamshidi needle (JCr). Each was assessed in combination with three caudal locations in the cricoid cartilage (right, left, and left lateral). Each suture combination was tightened to submaximal abduction (Dixon grade 2). Force on the suture, degree of larynx caudal rotation, and CAD muscle indentation were evaluated.ResultsThe force required for optimal arytenoid cartilage abduction was lower (p < .01) for constructs involving a CS (7.45 ± 4 N). The CS also resulted in lower (p < .01) CAD muscle indentation (2.01 ± 1.25 mm) and less larynx rotation (9 ± 3.87°; adjusted p < .05).ConclusionWhen inserted into the muscular process at the CAD tendon insertion point, the biomechanical properties of the CS reduced the force required for optimal arytenoid cartilage abduction. The CS also minimized interference with the CAD muscle compartments and reduced caudal displacement of the left arytenoid cartilage when it was under suture tension.Clinical significanceThe CS implantation avoided larynx deformation and muscle interaction, offering the possibility to combine a nerve graft and laryngoplasty as a treatment for recurrent laryngeal neuropathy.
Weighted Alexandrov–Fenchel type inequalities for hypersurfaces in Rn$\mathbb {R}^n$
Authors: Wu Jie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we prove the following geometric inequalities in the Euclidean space , which are weighted Alexandrov–Fenchel type inequalities,
provided that is a star‐shaped and ‐convex hypersurface. Equality holds if and only if is a coordinate sphere in . As an application, by letting in the above inequality, we obtain a lower bound for the outer radius in terms of the curvature integrals for star‐shaped and ‐convex hypersurfaces.
Finite-Rate Chemistry Favre-Averaged Navier–Stokes Based Simulation of a Non-Premixed SynGas/AirFlame
Authors: Bissaï Nkaa Sante Junior , Chelem Mayigué Charles , Bomba Valentin , Mboumeu Véronique , Ekobena Fouda Henri 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper is devoted to the study of the influence of chemical mechanisms, turbulence models, and gas radiative properties models on the characteristics of a turbulent diffusion CO/H2/N2−air flame, i.e., the so-called syngas flame in a Favre-averaged Navier–Stokes (FANS) environment. For this purpose, a transient FANS solver for combustion is used. The simulations are carried out using three distinct turbulence models, i.e., the standard k−ε, the renormalization group (RNG) k−ε, and the shear stress transport models. The turbulence–chemistry interaction is modeled using the partially stirred reaction model. The chemical mechanisms used in the present study are: (i) a compact skeletal C2 mechanism, (ii) a mechanism developed by Frassoldati–Faravelli–Ranzi containing 14 species and 33 reactions, and (iii) the optimized syngas mechanism by Varga. Radiation heat transfer is handled by the P-1 method. In addition, the performances of two gas radiative properties models, i.e., the gray mean gas and the weighted-sum-of-gray-gases (WSGG) models, are assessed in radiative heat transfer modeling of the syngas flame. The predicted results reveal that the combination of the RNG turbulence model and the C2 skeletal mechanism shows the best agreement with measurements. The WSGG model used predicts results with the same level accuracy as the gray gas model in modeling of the syngas flame.
Experimental Investigation on the Combustion Characteristics of Electrolyte Jets Containing Flame Retardant Tris (2-Chloroethyl) Phosphate
Authors: Jie Zhou , Hui-Sheng Peng , Dong Zheng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
It is critical to well understand the combustion characteristics of the electrolytes inside lithium-ion batteries for safety concerns, particularly the electrolyte jet flames after thermal runaway. An electrolyte jet fire setup is developed in this study to investigate the combustion characteristics of electrolyte jets with the flame-retardant additive tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) under high-temperature circumstances. Jet and ignition delay times and flammability are defined to characterize the flame-retardant effects. The fundamental parameters of self-extinguishing time and propagation rate are also measured for a comprehensive comparison. The experimental results show that the propagation of electrolyte flame at ambient temperature can be entirely stopped with 40 wt% of TCEP additives and 50 wt% can make the electrolyte nonflammable. Owing to the high boiling temperature and vaporization enthalpy of TCEP, more heat is required for the decomposition of electrolytes and TCEP mixtures, resulting in lower decomposition reaction rates and heat release rates. Thus, both the jet delay times and the ignition delay times significantly increase with the TCEP additives. Moreover, analyses on the spectrum of electrolyte jet flame reveal that the suppressing effects of TCEP on the combustion of electrolyte jets are operated by scavenging the OH radical and heat release.
Motion and Mooring Load Responses of a Novel 12-MW Semi-Submersible Floating Wind Turbine: An Experimental Study
Authors: Guo Jianing , Liu Mingyue , Fang Zhichao , Xiao Longfei , Chen Weimin , Pan Xujie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Due to the complexity of the integrated Floating Wind Turbine (FWT) system, obtaining reliable results necessitates extensive experiments. This paper conducts a comprehensive study on the motion performance and mooring load responses of a novel 12-MW semi-submersible FWT through model tests carried out in a wave basin. A multi-blade large-scale wind-generation system, equipped with a rectifier network, was enhanced and constructed to provide a dependable wind field. And a flexible tower was designed and fabricated, achieving an accurate simulation of the tower's stiffness characteristic and its impact on the overall dynamic response. The marine environmental conditions encompass various combinations of wind, waves, and currents. Rigorous calibration and identification tests were undertaken to validate the environmental conditions and the model system. The findings reveal that, under mild wave parameters, the mooring load is primarily influenced by the resonance response with platform motions, particularly surge resonance. The load effect of wind and current induces mean surge and pitch motions, while their damping effect reduces the standard deviation of responses, notably suppressing the pitch response peak at its natural motion frequency. Wave loads predominantly dictate the vibration range of motion responses. When the current velocity reaches a sufficient magnitude, the coupling effect between current and wave in the wave–frequency region significantly amplifies the mooring response. Notably, motions and mooring loads in the 60-deg and 90-deg directions surpass those in the 0-deg direction, with the maximum responses occurring at 60 deg.
Effect of TiO2–SiC and Heat Treatment on Tribological Characteristics of Bimodal Hybrid Aluminum Composites Under Dry Sliding Condition
Authors: Kumar Subodh , Dixit Gajendra , Dixit Savita 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The dry sliding wear behavior of bimodal TiO2np/SiCp/Al6082 composites was studied using a pin-on-disk tribometer. The investigation included both as-cast alloy and T6 heat-treated composites, with variations in applied load (40 N, 60 N, and 80 N) and sliding distance (600, 900, 1200, 1500, 1800, and 2100 m) at a constant sliding speed of 2 m/s. The microstructure of the composites and the worn surface were examined using a scanning electron microscope. A linear increase in wear-rate was observed with sliding distance up to the transition limit. It was found that at 40 N, a shield began to develop between the disc and pin surface, reducing the coefficient of friction (COF), and friction and oxide were the primary processes of wear mechanisms. A larger load caused the protective layer to be destroyed; increasing COF, and adhesion and delamination were the two types of wear that were noticed. The wear resistance of alloys and bimodal composites was increased by heat treatment because it strengthened the matrix.
Skimmed, Lactose-Free Milk Ingestion Postexercise: Rehydration Effectiveness and Gastrointestinal Disturbances Versus Water and a Sports Drink in Physically Active People
Authors: Aragón-Vargas Luis F. , Garzón-Mosquera Julián C. , Montoya-Arroyo Johnny A. 
Published: May 2024

Postexercise hydration is fundamental to replace fluid loss from sweat. This study evaluated rehydration and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms for each of three beverages: water (W), sports drink (SD), and skimmed, lactose-free milk (SLM) after moderate-intensity cycling in the heat. Sixteen college students completed three exercise sessions each to lose ≈2% of their body mass. They drank 150% of body mass loss of the drink assigned in randomized order; net fluid balance, diuresis, and GI symptoms were measured and followed up for 3 hr after completion of fluid intake. SLM showed higher fluid retention (∼69%) versus W (∼40%; p < .001); SD (∼56%) was not different from SLM or W (p > .05). Net fluid balance was higher for SLM (−0.26 kg) and SD (−0.42 kg) than W (−0.67 kg) after 3 hr (p < .001), resulting from a significantly lower diuresis with SLM. Reported GI disturbances were mild and showed no difference among drinks (p > .05) despite ingestion of W (1,992 ± 425 ml), SD (1,999 ± 429 ml), and SLM (1,993 ± 426 ml) in 90 min. In conclusion, SLM was more effective than W for postexercise rehydration, showing greater fluid retention for the 3-hr follow-up and presenting with low-intensity GI symptoms similar to those with W and SD. These results confirm that SLM is an effective option for hydration after exercise in the heat.
Physical Education Access in U.S. Public Schools: A Multistate, Multiregion Study
Authors: Kern Ben D. , Wilson Wesley J. , Killian Chad , van der Mars Hans , Simonton Kelly , Woo David , Wallhead Tristan 
Published: May 2024

Purpose: Our purpose was to gather and evaluate accurate, up-to-date information on physical education (PE) policy implementation across multiple U.S. states and regions. Methods: A U.S. Physical Education and Physical Activity Policy questionnaire was developed and completed by 4,845 public-school PE teachers from 25 U.S. states. The U.S. Physical Education and Physical Activity Policy assessed PE quantity (days per week and minutes per week), class sizes by grade level, and practices that limit PE access. Descriptive statistics and correlations of PE minutes per week with class size were calculated in aggregate and individually by state. Results: Aggregate PE quantities in elementary, middle school, high school, and for students with disabilities were well below the recommendations (150 min/week elementary and 225 min/week secondary) and varied between states. Average students/class varied by state, and significant positive correlations between weekly PE minutes and students/PE class were observed. Discussion: PE access is limited across the United States, and stronger commitment to PE policy and policy implementation is needed.