bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms and outcomes of a very low intensity intervention to improve parental acknowledgement and understanding of childhood overweight/obesity, embedded in the National Child Measurement Programme: A sub‐study within a large cluster Randomized Controlled Trial (MapMe2)
Authors: Evans Elizabeth H. , Jones Christopher M. , Adamson Ashley , Jones Angela R. , Basterfield Laura , Greca João Paulo de Aguiar , Sermin‐Reed Letitia , Patterson Maddey , McSweeney Lorraine , Dhami Raenhha , Ells Louisa , Gahagan Alison , Robinson Tomos , Shahrokhabadi Mohadeseh Shojaei , Teare Dawn , Tovée Martin J. , Araújo Soares Vera 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectivesParental underdetection of child underweight and overweight/obesity may negatively affect children's longer‐term health. We examined psychological/behavioural mechanisms of a very low‐intensity intervention to improve acknowledgement and understanding of child weight after feedback from a school‐based weight monitoring programme.DesignThis sub‐study was nested within a larger 3‐arm cluster‐RCT (1:1:1; N = 57,300). Parents in all groups received written postal feedback on their child's weight classification. Intervention participants received an enhanced feedback letter with computer‐generated photorealistic images depicting children of different weight classifications, and access to a website about supporting healthy weight, once (intervention one) or twice (intervention two; repeated 6 months after first ‘dose’).MethodsA quantitative process and outcome evaluation using baseline and 12‐month BMI z‐scores of an opt‐in sub‐sample of 502 children aged 4–5 and 10–11. Children completed dietary reports, used accelerometers (MVPA), and self‐reported self‐esteem; 10–11‐year‐olds also self‐reported quality of life and dietary restraint. Parents reported perceptions of child's weight classification, and their intentions, self‐efficacy, action planning and coping planning for child physical activity, dietary intake; parents of 4–5‐year‐olds reported their child's quality of life.ResultsNeither intervention differentially improved parental acknowledgement or understanding of weight classification at follow‐up, although parents in all groups reported better acknowledgement after receiving feedback. The interventions did not affect behavioural/psychological determinants, weight outcomes, children's self‐esteem, dietary restraint or quality of life.ConclusionsThe interventions neither improved parental acknowledgement of child weight, child BMI z‐scores and their psychological/behavioural determinants, nor worsened psycho‐social sequelae.
Emergency Admission Plasma D‐Dimer and Prothrombin Activity: Novel Predictors for Clinical Outcomes After Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke With Large Artery Occlusion
Authors: Jiang Shandong , Guo Peizheng , Cai Linxin , Qian Cong , Yu Jun , Xu Liang , Li Xu , Chen Xianyi , Bing Fang , Yuan Yuan , Tan Zhongju , Xu Jing , Li Jianru 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe coagulation system is intrinsically linked to pathological mechanisms and progression of ischemic stroke. However, the role of preoperative coagulation function in determining the functional outcomes of acute ischemic stroke patients following large artery occlusion (AIS‐LVO) has not been extensively evaluated in peer‐reviewed literature.MethodsWe utilized logistic regression analyses, complemented by the construction of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, to identify significant predictive factors for poor prognosis following endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). Additionally, subgroup analyses were conducted to further assess the prognostic efficacy of coagulation function across different subgroups.ResultsA total of 607 patients were enrolled, with 335 (55.19%) experiencing an unfavorable outcome. Multivariate regression analysis identified preoperative D‐dimer and PTA as independent predictors of 3‐month prognosis. After adjusting for confounders, elevated preoperative D‐dimer levels (≥ 715 mg/L), identified by cut‐off value, were a significant predictor of poor prognosis, with 2.51‐fold higher risk compared to the normal range. Conversely, elevated PTA levels (≥ 85.5%) were significantly and inversely associated with poor prognosis, indicating a reduced risk of 0.39 times. Furthermore, the combination of elevated D‐dimer and reduced PTA demonstrated a synergistic effect, markedly increasing the risk of poor outcomes in AIS‐LVO patients. Subgroup analyses revealed that failed recanalization, comorbid diabetes, and non–middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion significantly influence the predictive value of D‐dimer and PTA for clinical outcomes.ConclusionElevated admission D‐dimer and reduced PTA levels are independent predictors of poor prognosis in patients with AIS‐LVO, and there is a synergistic interaction between the two variables.
The Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between Metformin and the Natural Product Goldenseal Is Metformin Dose‐Dependent: A Three‐Arm Crossover Study in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Nguyen James T. , Arian Christopher M. , Tanna Rakshit S. , Cherel Maxey G. , Layton Matthew E. , White John R. , Thummel Kenneth E. , Paine Mary F. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPharmacokinetic drug interactions can lead to unexpected changes in plasma concentrations of the object drug, potentially increasing the risk for adverse effects and/or decreasing therapeutic efficacy. The botanical product goldenseal was previously shown to decrease metformin systemic exposure in healthy adults. This three‐arm, open‐label, crossover clinical study assessed the pharmacokinetic goldenseal–metformin interaction in adults with type 2 diabetes stabilized on therapeutic doses of metformin (500–2550 mg daily). The aggregate pharmacokinetic data indicated no clinically meaningful interaction as determined by the metformin area under the plasma concentration‐time curve (AUC) geometric mean ratio [90% confidence interval] of 0.93 [0.86–1.01] laying within the predefined no‐effect range (0.80–1.25). However, metformin AUC decreased by ~20%, 14%, and 0% after goldenseal coadministration at low (500–750 mg), moderate (1000–1500 mg), and high (2000–2550 mg) metformin doses, respectively; renal clearance and half‐life remained unchanged throughout. The exploratory pharmacodynamic endpoint, HbA1c, decreased on average from 6.8% to 6.5%, regardless of the effects of goldenseal on metformin pharmacokinetics. The decreasing effect of goldenseal on metformin systemic exposure with increasing metformin dose, coupled with no changes in renal excretion and elimination half‐life, indicated that both the pharmacokinetic goldenseal–metformin interaction and the nonlinear absorption of metformin are governed by saturable, intestinal transport mechanism(s). The disconnect between changes in metformin systemic exposure and therapeutic effects emphasizes the need to evaluate clinical biomarkers to comprehensively assess drug interaction risks, particularly those involving natural products. Healthcare providers may consider cautioning patients about supplementing metformin pharmacotherapy with goldenseal to avoid risks for undesired changes in glycemic control.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05081583
Timing Matters: Viticultural Land Use Determines Responses in Structure and Function of Fungal Stream Communities Across One Growing Season
Authors: Schreiner Verena C. , Link Moritz , Amelung Gesa , Ohler Katharina , Salis Romana , Leese Florian , Schäfer Ralf B. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTFungal communities are critical for leaf decomposition, a central ecosystem function in streams. A wide range of anthropogenic stressors can alter their structure and function (i.e., leaf decomposition). Additionally, fungal communities are subject to seasonal turnover due to natural processes. Despite this, seasonality in interaction with varying stressor exposure has rarely been studied in the context of leaf decomposition. We investigated fungal community composition and leaf decomposition over one agricultural growing season by deploying leaf bags at least impacted forest and viticultural sites of 10 streams. Additionally, we transplanted leaf bags that had been colonised at the forest sites to viticultural sites to investigate how changes in stressor exposure affect the structure and function of fungal communities. Leaf decomposition was repeatedly lower in the viticultural treatment than in the forest treatment, which was partly explained by the environmental variables. The decomposition of the transplanted leaves varied across the time points and was overall more similar to that of the forest treatment. The fungal communities in April were similar across treatments, whereas all exhibited different seasonal community turnover. At later time points (June, August and September), the fungal communities from the forest and transplant treatment remained similar, likely triggered by the priority effects of the location of colonisation (forest). The viticultural treatment, however, deviated at these time points, which coincided with the timing of fungicide application. Overall, we show that both community composition and function of leaf decomposition exhibit seasonal and stressor‐related variability. Thus, our study demonstrates that seasonality and the actual stressor regime need to be considered and well described when investigating land use effects on leaf decomposition and associated fungal communities.
Static optimization of a semiflexible on‐demand public bus line for peak hours
Authors: Aktaş Dilay , Sörensen Kenneth , Vansteenwegen Pieter 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn this paper, we study a public bus line operating between a terminal and a city center for which there exists a clear demand imbalance between the two directions during peak hours. Despite the demand imbalance, traditional public bus systems typically operate with a fixed‐route and fixed‐timetable scheme in both directions. To increase the efficiency of service during peak hours, in this paper, we propose an on‐demand operation that allows vehicles to take some shortcuts between the city center and the terminal, based on the passenger requests that are collected before the peak hours. We develop a variable neighborhood search (VNS) algorithm to optimize the operational decisions of this system. Based on the received requests, the VNS algorithm decides the following: (1) shortcut decisions: which shortcuts to take by each bus in each direction, (2) departure time decisions: when to depart from the city center and the terminal, and (3) passenger assignment decisions: which service serves each passenger. Experiments show that the total passenger travel time improves up to 45% on a real‐size line compared to its traditional fixed‐route operation. The performance of the system is also analyzed under different circumstances.
Does Carbon Risk Influence Stock Price Crash Risk? International Evidence
Authors: Bose Sudipta , Lim Edwin KiaYang , Minnick Kristina , Schorno Patrick J. , Shams Syed 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis article examines the relationship between carbon risk and future stock price crash risk, focusing on an international sample of firms. Inherently, complex and deep uncertainties of carbon risk limit investors’ ability to fully understand and incorporate carbon risk into equity pricing and create room for opportunistic managers to hide bad news about poor carbon performance. Such pricing uncertainties and information asymmetry can result in significant overpricing of stocks (i.e., underpricing of carbon risks), especially for carbon‐intensive firms, thereby exposing these stocks to future stock price crash risks. In line with this argument, we find that carbon risk is positively associated with future stock price crash risk. However, we find that better carbon disclosure quality reduces pricing uncertainties and information asymmetry, which attenuates the positive effect of carbon risk on future stock price crash risk. Similarly, internal monitoring (e.g., corporate governance) and external monitoring (e.g., institutional investors and financial analysts) help alleviate information asymmetry related to carbon risk, thus reducing crash risk. In countries with stakeholder‐oriented business cultures, high climate change performance, and financial transparency, as well as for companies that link compensation to climate change performance, the positive association between carbon risk and stock price crash risk is weaker.
Usability and User's Satisfaction of an Electronic Case Report Form Implemented in the REDCap System in the HIV Clinical Research Context: The Use Case of DOLAM Clinical Trial
Authors: De Lazzari Elisa , Laguno Montserrat , Mallolas Josep , Martínez Esteban 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe clinical data management within biomedical research has gained importance over the last decade producing an increasing need of a web‐based software application providing electronic data capture and clinical data management functionalities to ensure high quality data. We chose REDCap system over OpenClinica (free‐distribution) to implement the electronic case report form (eCRF) at our HIV Unit. We then evaluated eCRF usability and stakeholder satisfaction in an upcoming Phase 4 clinical trial.MethodsWe assessed the perceived usability of the eCRF by different professional users, including nurses, researchers, study monitors and coordinators of the phase‐4 clinical trial, and their satisfaction using the System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire and the Net Promoter Score (NPS).ResultsNineteen out of 21 persons involved agreed to participate. All were female, with mean age of 35 years (SD: 7), 11 were study coordinators or monitors, 5 nurses and 3 clinicians/researchers. The median SUS was 72.5 (IQR: 62.5; 80.0): monitors/study coordinators had median score of 77.5, researchers/clinicians, 72.5 and nurses, 57.5. Less Information Technology (IT) or computer‐experienced scored higher 92.5 (57.5; 95.0) versus more experienced 71.3 (62.5; 78.8). The overall NPS (% promoters–% detractors) was 21.1, 7 (37%) users were promoters, 9 (47%) passives and 3 (16%) detractors.ConclusionsWhen adopting a new system, measuring user's perceived usability and satisfaction in a quantitative manner and with validated measures may be useful to identify users' uncovered needs and to improve future interaction user‐system that will positively affect the quality of data managed in clinical research.
Aggression and emotional forgiveness in a group of juveniles: A two‐wave study
Authors: Konaszewski Karol , Skalski‐Bednarz Sebastian Binyamin , Toussaint Loren L. , Hansen Carina , Waszkiewicz Izabela , Surzykiewicz Janusz 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between anger, hostility, physical aggression, verbal aggression, and emotional forgiveness (positive emotional forgiveness and reduction of negative emotions) in a longitudinal study design. Data were analyzed from 366 juveniles aged 10–18 (M = 15.18, SD = 1.63) who completed questionnaires during two waves. The procedure for both measurements consisted of completing questionnaires measuring emotional forgiveness and aggression. In order to achieve the aim of the study, we decided to evaluate a partial cross‐lagged model. Our analyses showed that the reduction in negative emotions toward the offender at T1 was a significant predictor of anger and hostility at T2. Sex was a significant covariate for verbal aggression, anger, and hostility. This study adds to the current literature by supporting previously theorized relationships. It suggests the possibility of training forgiveness skills in juveniles, reducing aggressive and potentially delinquent behavior, especially in response to injustice and events that trigger anger and hostility.
Conjuring an Enemy: US Discourse and Policy on Iran, 1979–88
Authors: Tracy Samuel Annie 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study traces the development of US policy toward and narrative on Iran in the first decade after the 1978–79 Iranian revolution. It examines how the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and the Iran‐Iraq War (1980–88) were portrayed in the mainstream English‐language (primarily American) news media, based on an analysis of nearly 1,200 reports. It argues that the narrative constructed by policymakers and the press significantly impacted US‐Iran relations, and this established patterns of discourse and action that have persisted to this day. This process helped solidify the official and popular conception of Iran as a dangerous threat antithetical to US values and interests, necessitating a policy of enmity and confrontation.
‘Getting Everyone on the Same Page’: Long‐Term‐Care Nurses' Experiences With Advance Care Planning
Authors: Krishnan Preetha , McClement Susan , Thompson Genevieve , Edwards Marie , St. John Philip 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionMuch of the literature examining the experiences of advance care planning (ACP) in long‐term care (LTC) has been from the perspectives of residents and their families. Largely absent from the literature are the perspectives of LTC nurses, who are key members of the healthcare team most involved with LTC residents/families and well positioned to facilitate the ACP process. The purpose of this study was to develop an inductively derived empirical model to address this gap in empirical knowledge.MethodsA constructivist grounded theory (CGT) methodology was used in this study of 25 nurses working in 18 different LTC facilities in central Canada. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire; in‐depth, semi‐structured, audio‐recorded and face‐to‐face/telephone interviews; field notes; and memos. Descriptive statistics and specific CGT coding procedures were used to analyse the data.ResultsThe basic social process that emerged from the data was that of nurses trying to identify an ACP level and craft a corresponding care plan that they believed would optimise residents' comfort in LTC during both acute medical events and at the end‐of‐life (EOL). The empirically derived theoretical model that captured the experiences, processes and strategies of nurses to address the identified social process was orchestrating comfort: getting everyone on the same page. This model encompassed two main processes, downgrading and upgrading ACP levels, and two preconditions, piecing together the big picture and selling the big picture.ConclusionsEnsuring comfort for LTC residents at the end‐of‐life or during acute events by getting everyone on the same page is a complex process. The ability of nurses to downgrade or upgrade the ACP level to orchestrate comfort for LTC residents involves many factors related to the resident, family, healthcare providers and the context in which the ACP discussions take place.Implications of PracticeProviding ACP/dementia information in LTC admission packages and through informational sessions can raise family awareness of these topics and dementia's complications. Clinical rotations in LTC facilities for medical, nursing, and paramedic students could also improve their understanding of the sector's complexities.
Burial depth and temperature effects on the germination and viability of Giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.) seeds
Authors: Savić Aleksandra , Ringselle Björn , Barroso‐Bergadà Didac , Bohan David A. , Bergkvist Göran 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAmbrosia trifida is a problematic weed species in many annual crops, and its allergenic pollen can be harmful to human health. Understanding the latency and germination rates of this weed species is crucial for planning effective weed management strategies. The objective of this study was to investigate the interaction of burial depth (5, 10, 15, 25 and 40 cm) and temperature (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30°C) on % germination, viability and latency in A. trifida using seeds from one population from Nebraska, North America, and two populations from Serbia, Europe. Nebraskan seeds were three times heavier than the Serbian seeds and had a higher seed viability and germination rate and lower germination latency. Despite this, burial depth and temperature affected the seeds from all populations in a similar way: the germination rate decreased and latency increased with increasing burial depth, while germination rate increased and latency decreased with increasing temperature. At shallow burial depths (5 cm), almost all seeds had very low levels of dormancy, while seeds buried deep (40 cm) did not germinate at any temperature treatment. We conclude that burial depth and temperature have opposite effects on A. trifida germinate rate and latency, but at very shallow or very deep soil depths, the seeds will germinate or will not germinate, respectively, regardless of the tested temperatures. The low dormancy at shallow soil depths means that A. trifida may be vulnerable to management strategies that focus on quickly emptying the seedbank without burying the seeds.
Fast Response Gripper Based on Asymmetric Bistable Dual-Triangle Tensegrity Structure
Authors: Yang Wenlong , Luo Jiahui , Xu Xiaoming , Liu Kun , Lu Zhenbo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Robots require compliant actuators capable of reducing tremendous stress shocks while maintaining fast response and lightweight. Bistable tensegrity structures have excellent performances such as fast response and high efficiency. In this study, a novel fast-response gripper based on dual-triangle bistable tensegrity structure was explored. The bistable properties of the dual-triangle tensegrity structure were analyzed from the perspective of the energy landscape. Two optimization methods were employed to adjust the structural parameters of it, aiming to achieve the desired energy landscape and agility properties. One of these optimization methods is innovative, utilizing equilibrium constraints to optimize with higher accuracy and computational efficiency. Its distinguishing feature is the ability to optimize the energy differences of bistable structures in precise equilibrium configurations without the need for discretization. By applying this method, a gripper based on the dual-triangle tensegrity structure was designed. The gripper demonstrated excellent performances in fast response and easy-trigger, verifying the feasibility of this method. This research is significant for developing fast response grippers, morphing structures, and multi-stable robots, which have potential applications in foldable robots, bird-like micro aerial vehicles, fruit-picking mechanisms, and more.