bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Photocatalytic Desulfurization in Air through Improved Photogenerated Carriers Separation in MOF MIL101/Carbon Dots‐g‐C3N4 Nanocomposites
Authors: Zhou Xiaoyu , Wang Tianyi , He Di , Chen Peng , Liu Hang , Lv Hongying , Wu Haonan , Su Dawei , Pang Huan , Wang Chengyin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe extensive industrial applications of fuel oil, a critical strategic resource, are accompanied by significant environmental and health concerns due to the presence of sulfur‐containing compounds in its composition, which result in hazardous combustion waste. Extensive research has been conducted to develop technologies for low‐vulcanization fuel production to address this issue. Consequently, the investigation of catalysts for environmentally friendly and safe photocatalytic desulfurization becomes imperative. To that end, we have designed efficient MIL‐101(Fe)/CQDs@g‐C3N4 (MIL101/CDs‐C3N4) Z‐scheme heterojunction photocatalysts with high carrier separation and mobility through a thermal polymerization‐hydrothermal strategy. The high concentration of photogenerated carriers facilitates the activation of oxygen and H2O2, leading to increased production of ROS (⋅O2−, ⋅OH, h+), thereby enhancing the photocatalytic desulfurization (PODS). Additionally, DFT (Density functional theory) calculations were utilized to determine the electron migration pathways of the catalysts and adsorption energies of DBT (dibenzothiophene). Moreover, Gibbs free energy calculations indicated that MIL101/CDs‐C3N4 exhibited the lowest activation energy for oxygen and H2O2. The mechanism of photocatalytic desulfurization was proposed through a combination of theoretical calculations and experimental studies. This study provides guidance for the development of MOF‐based Z‐scheme systems and their practical application in desulfurization processes.
Flexible monolayer films of poly(lactic acid)/gallic acid for active food packaging: Preparation, characterization, and bioactive properties
Authors: Karamysheva Anna , Silva José M. , Facchinatto William M. , Braz Márcia D. , Almeida Adelaide , Silvestre Armando J. D. , Freire Carmen S. R. , Vilela Carla 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe design of eco‐friendly active food packaging systems based on biobased polymeric materials is a growing field of research because of the pressing concern for sustainable development. Herein, monolayer ternary thermoplastic films composed of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), gallic acid (GA, 2.5% w/w relative to PLA), and a plasticizer (poly(ethylene glycol) [PEG] or epoxidized linseed oil [ELO], 5.0 and 7.5% w/w relative to PLA) are prepared via melt‐mixing followed by compression molding. The ensuing plasticized and self‐standing PLA/GA films are translucent and have good mechanical properties (Young's modulus ~2 GPa) and welding performance. The incorporation of GA yields films with ultraviolet‐light barrier properties (transmittance below 40%, 200–400 nm), antioxidant capacity (radical scavenging activity above 94%), and antibacterial activity against the methicillin‐resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus (minimum of 3‐log reduction colony forming units mL−1). These thermoplastic films are easily degradable via enzymatic degradation with proteinase K from Tritirachium album, reaching weight loss values of 100% after 9 days. The films plasticized with PEG present slightly better antibacterial action and enzymatic degradation, whereas those plasticized with ELO exhibit marginally higher surface hydrophobicity and thermal stability. Thus, the combination between PLA and GA yielded biobased films with bioactive properties that have potential for application in active food packaging.
Antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidant evaluations of ammonium and phosphonium salts based on poly(vinylbenzyl chloride‐co‐acrylonitrile)
Authors: Kenawy El‐Refaie , Azaam Mohamed M. , Kamoun Elbadawy A. , Khattab Samar A. , Kemell Marianna , EL‐Moslamy Shahira H. , Tenhu Heikki 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPolymers with ammonium or phosphonium salts have been known to possess antimicrobial activity. Herein, synthesis of poly(vinylbenzyl chloride‐co‐acrylonitrile) (P(VBC‐co‐AN)) is reported via a free radical polymerization by employing AIBN as initiator. The copolymer was then quaternized using triethylamine, triphenylphosphine, and tributylphosphine. The triphenylphosphonium salt was selected for further modification, on which the polyacrylonitrile chains were reacted with two different amines: tris (2‐aminoethylamine) and diethylenetriamine. The copolymerization, quaternization, and amination reactions were confirmed by spectroscopic and morphologic analysis besides the thermal features. The water uptake of modified polymers was investigated, where tributylphosphonium salt (KH4) showed the highest water uptake capacity (41 g/g). The antimicrobial assay findings demonstrated that all the evaluated copolymers displayed a wide range of antimicrobial activity against different multidrug resistant human pathogens, for example polymer coded KH4 containing tributylphosphonium salt showed the highest growth inhibition rates against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis populations, recorded 87% and 72%; respectively. The anti‐inflammatory activity revealed that all the quaternized copolymers have a protection effect of human erythrocyte membrane against lysis. Antioxidant results revealed that all quaternized copolymers displayed 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl hydrazyl scavenging activities. Among the studied copolymers, aminated copolymer coded (KH6) exhibited the highest scavenging activity, with IC50 ~ 120 μg/mL.
Hysteresis, Rectification, and Relaxation Times of Nanofluidic Pores for Neuromorphic Circuit Applications
Authors: Bisquert Juan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBased on the emergence of iontronic fluidic components for brain‐inspired computation, the general dynamical behavior of nanopore channels is discussed. The main memory effects of fluidic nanopores are obtained by the combination of rectification and hysteresis. Rectification is imparted by an intrinsic charge asymmetry that affects the ionic current across the nanopores. It is accurately described by a background conductivity and a higher conduction branch that is activated by a state variable. Hysteresis produces self‐crossing diagrams, in which the high current side shows inductive hysteresis, and the low current side presents capacitive hysteresis. These properties are well captured by measurements of impedance spectroscopy that show the correspondent spectra in each voltage wing. The detailed properties of hysteresis and transient response are determined by the relaxation time of the gating variable, that is inspired in the Hodgkin‐Huxley neuron model. The classification of effects based on simple models provides a general guidance of the prospective application of artificial nanopore channels in neuromorphic computation according to the measurement of complementary techniques.
Progress on metabolites of Astragalus medicinal plants and a new factor affecting their formation: Biotransformation of endophytic fungi
Authors: Feng Ding‐Hui , Cui Jin‐Long 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIt is generally believed that the main influencing factors of plant metabolism are genetic and environmental factors. However, the transformation and catalysis of metabolic intermediates by endophytic fungi have become a new factor and resource attracting attention in recent years. There are over 2000 precious plant species in the Astragalus genus. In the past decade, at least 303 high‐value metabolites have been isolated from the Astragalus medicinal plants, including 124 saponins, 150 flavonoids, two alkaloids, six sterols, and over 20 other types of compounds. These medicinal plants contain abundant endophytic fungi with unique functions, and nearly 600 endophytic fungi with known identity have been detected, but only about 35 strains belonging to 13 genera have been isolated. Among them, at least four strains affiliated to Penicillium roseopurpureum, Alternaria eureka, Neosartorya hiratsukae, and Camarosporium laburnicola have demonstrated the ability to biotransform four saponin compounds from the Astragalus genus, resulting in the production of 66 new compounds, which have significantly enhanced our understanding of the formation of metabolites in plants of the Astragalus genus. They provide a scientific basis for improving the cultivation quality of Astragalus plants through the modification of dominant fungal endophytes or reshaping the endophytic fungal community. Additionally, they open up new avenues for the discovery of specialized, green, efficient, and sustainable biotransformation pathways for complex pharmaceutical intermediates.
Stability equivalence between regime‐switching jump diffusion delayed systems and corresponding systems with piecewise continuous arguments and application to discrete‐time feedback control
Authors: Liu Xin , Cheng Pei , Cai Ting 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we mainly study the equivalence of exponential stability for regime‐switching jump diffusion delayed systems (RSJDDSs) and RSJDDSs with piecewise continuous arguments (RSJDDSs‐PCA). Our results show that if one of the RSJDDS and the RSJDDS‐PCA is
th moment exponentially stable, then another system is also
th moment exponentially stable when time delay and segment step size have a common upper bound, while both equations are almost surely exponentially stable, and we also provided a method to calculate this upper bound. In addition, as an application of the stability equivalence theorem, we design discrete‐time state and mode observations feedback control to stabilize unstable RSJDDSs and investigate that controllers of the drift, diffusion, and jump terms are all able to play a stabilizing effect on the controlled system.
Parameter learning for Wiener systems with time‐delay state‐space model
Authors: Li Feng , Ding Zhenyu , He Naibao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper discusses a novel scheme for learning the Wiener output error nonlinear system with time‐delay state‐space model. In the Wiener system, the dynamic linear block is approximated by time‐delay state‐space model, and the static nonlinear block is established using neural fuzzy network. Combined signals designed including separable signal and random signal are devoted to achieving parameters separation learning of the Wiener system, that is, the two blocks are learned independently. Firstly, using the properties of shift operator and transforming state‐space model with time‐delay into a representation with input and output, then linear dynamic block parameters are learned by the virtue of correlation analysis method in the condition of Gaussian signals. Moreover, a recursive extended least squares estimation is carried out to learn parameters of static nonlinear block and colored noise model under the condition of random signals. The efficiency and accuracy of proposed scheme are confirmed on experiment results of a numerical simulation and a typical practical nonlinear process, and experimental simulation results demonstrate that the learning scheme proposed obtains good learning precision.
Special structural Gramian approximation methods for model order reduction of time‐delay systems
Authors: Cheng Gaoyuan , Wang Xiaolong , Miao Zhen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractModel order reduction methods via low‐rank approximation of Gramians for time‐delay systems are developed in this paper. The main contribution is to achieve the balancing and truncation of the system by utilizing low‐rank decomposition of the Gramians combined with the low‐rank square root framework. Here, based on Laguerre expansion technique, the low‐rank factorization of the system Gramians is realized via a linear system with special structure, thus enabling an efficient implementation of the reduction process. Furthermore, the issue of stability preservation is briefly described. We employ the dominant subspaces projection model reduction method to mitigate the effects which may accidentally produce unstable reduced models. Finally, numerical results verify the performance of the approximation‐Gramian methods.
Ohwia caudata inhibits doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity by regulating mitochondrial dynamics via the IGF‐IIR/p‐Drp1/PARP signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Jhong‐Kuei , Ramesh Samiraj , Islam Md. Nazmul , Shibu Marthandam Asokan , Kuo Chia‐Hua , Hsieh Dennis Jine‐Yuan , Lin Shinn‐Zong , Kuo Wei‐Wen , Huang Chih‐Yang , Ho Tsung‐Jung 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe most effective drug, doxorubicin (DOX), is widely used worldwide for clinical application as an anticancer drug. DOX‐induced cytotoxicity is characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction. There is no alternative treatment against DOX‐induced cardiac damage despite intensive research in the present decades. Ohwia caudata has emerged as a potential herbal remedy that prevents from DOX‐induced cytotoxicity owing to its pharmacological action of sustaining mitochondrial dynamics by attenuating oxidative stress and inducing cellular longevity. However, its underlying mechanisms are unknown. The novel treatment provided here depends on new evidence from DOX‐treated H9c2 cells, which significantly enhanced insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) II receptor (IGF‐IIR) pathways that activated calcineurin and phosphorylated dynamin‐related protein 1 (p‐Drp1) at ser616 (p‐Drp1[ser616]); cells undergo apoptosis due to these factors, which translocate to mitochondria and disrupt their function and integrity, and in terms of herbal medicine treatment, which significantly blocked these phenomena. Thus, our findings indicate that maintaining integrity of mitochondria is an essential element in lowering DOX‐induced cytotoxicity, which further emphasizes that our herbal medicine can successfully block IGF‐IIR pathways and could potentially act as an alternative mechanism in terms of cardioprotective against doxorubicin.
Heart and vessels from stem cells: A short history of serendipity and good luck
Authors: Mummery Christine 
Published: June 2024

AbstractStem cell research is the product of cumulative, integrated effort between and within laboratories and disciplines. The many collaborative steps that lead to that special “Eureka moment”, when something that has been a puzzle perhaps for years suddenly become clear, is among the greatest pleasures of a scientific career. In this essay, the serendipitous pathway from first acquaintance with pluripotent stem cells to advanced cardiovascular models that emerged from studying development and disease will be described. Perhaps inspiration for later generations of stem cell researchers simply to follow whatever they find interesting.
Eryngial: An α,β‐Unsaturated Fatty Aldehyde as the Major Phytotoxin in Spiny Coriander (Eryngium foetidum L.) Essential Oil
Authors: Borah Gitasree , Samia Begom Rifah , Hussain Sajjad , Kemprai Phirose , Saikia Siddhartha Proteem , Haldar Saikat 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWeed species many times possess allelochemicals as a part of their survival strategy. These metabolites can be potential targets in search of natural phytotoxins. This study aims to evaluate the phytotoxic ability of fatty aldehyde‐rich essential oil from spiny coriander (Eryngium foetidum) leaves, also known as fitweed or spiritweed and to further identify the active phytotoxins. This oil dose‐dependently inhibited the wheatgrass coleoptile and radicle growth in multiple bioassays with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) 30.6‐56.7 μg/mL, while exhibiting a less pronounced effect on the germination (IC50 181.8 μg/mL). The phytotoxicity assessment of two oil constituents identified eryngial (trans‐2‐dodecenal), exclusively major fatty aldehydic constituent as the potent growth inhibitor with IC50 in the range 20.8‐36.2 μg/mL during an early phase of wheatgrass emergence. Eryngial‐inspired screening of eleven saturated fatty aldehydes and alcohols did not find a significantly higher phytotoxic potency. In an open vessel, eryngial as the supplementation in agar medium, dose‐dependently inhibited the growth of pre‐germinated seeds of one monocot (bermudagrass) and one dicot (green amaranth) weed species with IC50 in the range 23.8–65.4 μg/mL. The current study identified eryngial, an α,β‐unsaturated fatty aldehyde of coriander origin to be a promising phytotoxic candidate for weed control.
Analytic and In Silico Methods to Understand the Interactions between Dinotefuran and Haemoglobin
Authors: Yadav Sandeep , Sewariya Shubham , Singh Prashant , Chandra Ramesh , Jain Pallavi , Kumari Kamlesh 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis work lies in the growing concern over the potential impacts of pesticides on human health and the environment. Pesticides are extensively used to protect crops and control pests, but their interaction with essential biomolecules like haemoglobin (Hb) remains poorly understood. Spectrofluorometric, electrochemical, and in silico investigations have been chosen as potential methods to delve into this issue, as they offer valuable insights into the molecular‐level interactions between pesticides and haemoglobin. The research aims to address the gaps in knowledge and contribute to developing safer and more sustainable pesticide practices. The interaction was studied by spectroscopic techniques (UV–Visible & Fluorescence), in silico studies (molecular docking & molecular dynamics simulations) and electrochemical techniques (cyclic voltammetry and tafel). The studies showed effective binding of dinotefuran with the Hb which will cause toxicity to human. The formation of a stable molecular complex between ofloxacin and Haemoglobin was shown via molecular docking and the binding energy was found to be −5.37 kcal/mol. Further, molecular dynamics simulations provide an insight for the stability of the complex (Hb‐dinotefuran) for a span of 250 ns with a binding free energy of −53.627 kJ/mol. Further, cyclic voltammetry and tafel studies show the interaction of dinotefuran with Hb effectively.
Olive Leaf Extract Downregulates the Protein Expression of Key SARS‐CoV‐2 Entry Enzyme ACE‐2, TMPRSS2, and Furin
Authors: Kocyigit Abdurrahim , Kanımdan Ebru , Yenigun Vildan Betul , Ozman Zeynep , Balıbey Fatmanur Babalı , Durmuş Ezgi , Yasar Oznur 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) poses ongoing global health challenges due to its propensity for mutations, which can undermine vaccine efficacy. With no definitive treatment available, urgent research into affordable and biocompatible therapeutic agents is extremely urgent. Angiotensin converting enzyme‐2 (ACE‐2), transmembrane protease serine subtype 2 (TMPRSS2), and Furin enzymes, which allow the virus to enter cells, are particularly important as potential drug targets among scientists. Olive leaf extract (OLE) has garnered attention for its potential against Coronavirus Disease‐9 (COVID‐19), yet its mechanism remains understudied. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of OLE on ACE‐2, TMPRSS2, and Furin protein expressions by cell culture study. Total phenol, flavonoid content, and antioxidant capacity were measured by photometric methods, and oleuropein levels were measured by liquid LC‐HR‐MS. Cell viability was analyzed by ATP levels using a luminometric method. ACE‐2, TMPRSS2, and Furin expressions were analyzed by the Western Blotting method. ACE‐2, TMPRSS2, and Furin protein expression levels were significantly lower in a dose dependent manner and the highest inhibition was seen at 100 μg/ml OLE. The results showed that OLE may be a promising treatment candidate for COVID‐19 disease. However, further studies need to be conducted in cells co‐infected with the virus.
Two Novel Diterpenoid Alkaloids from Aconitum Pendulum
Authors: Shen Tong , He Shao‐Jun , Yang Hong‐Ying , Li Guo‐Li , Xu Ji‐Long , He Yi‐Lin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTwo previously uncharacterized compounds, an aconitine‐type C19‐diterpenoid alkaloid (1) and a napelline‐type diterpenoid alkaloid C20‐diterpenoid alkaloid (2), as well as ten known compounds (3–12), were isolated from Aconitum pendulum. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic data, including 1D and 2D NMR, IR, HR‐ESI‐MS, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The anti‐insecticidal activities of these compounds were evaluated by contact toxicity tests against two‐spotted spider mites, and compounds 1, 2, and 9 showed moderate contact toxicity, with LC50 values of 0.86±0.09, 0.95±0.23, and 0.89±0.19 mg/mL, respectively. This study highlights the potential use of diterpenoid alkaloids as natural plant‐derived pesticides for the management of plant pests.
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement—Staying on the road more traveled
Authors: Das Thomas M. , Goyal Amit 
Published: June 2024

Key points
With careful preprocedural planning and expertise in peripheral interventions, transfemoral (TF) TAVR can be performed even in challenging ileo‐femoral anatomies.
Patients with a minimal iliofemoral artery diameter (MLD) of <5 mm have higher rates of vascular and bleeding complications when undergoing TF‐TAVR.
In‐hospital and 30‐day mortality after TF‐TAVR did not differ between the MLD <5 mm and MLD ≥5 mm groups.
Gap derivative optimization for modeling wheat grain protein using near‐infrared transmission spectroscopy
Authors: Kondal Vishal , Jain Antil , Garg Monika , Kumar Sundeep , Singh Amit Kumar , Bhardwaj Rakesh , Singh G. P. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveNear‐infrared spectroscopy is an established tool for the estimation of different nutrients in diverse sample matrices. Of these, near‐infrared transmittance (NIT) has very wide usage in whole grain analysis for oil, protein, and other macronutrients. NIT spectra obtained from samples are regressed with actual laboratory values for developing prediction models. However, the spectra obtained are sloppy, slightly noisy, and show baseline drifts. To increase the resolution and signal‐to‐noise ratio, derivatives are common preprocessing tools, typically implemented along with smoothing.FindingsA systematic study on different derivatives (1, 2, and 3) and gaps (2–90) was performed. The germplasm set with high variability for protein content (8.63%–19.56%) was used, and regression models were developed using the modified partial least squares method. Among all, the second‐order derivative gave best‐fit models; hence, the results of the gap with second‐order derivatives are studied in detail. The plot of R2 for external validation set with different gaps at second‐order gave three peaks, namely, at 47, 60, (69, 70, 71) where the highest R2 (0.985) was obtained for the third peak having three consecutive gap segments.ConclusionHence, math treatment (2, 70, 2, 1) was finalized considering stability where a high residual prediction deviation of 7.149 and a low bias of (0.021) was obtained. A paired t test and reliability test between predicted and laboratory values confirmed nonsignificant differences between them. Thus, the developed model is robust and precise and can be utilized in high throughput screening of wheat germplasm.Significance and NoveltyBetter performance at second derivative and higher gap can be used for developing robust models with low bias by avoiding multi‐collinearity, which is usually a limitation in multi‐variate analysis.