bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of some 6-aryl-5-cyano-2-thiouracil derivatives
Authors: Mohamed Mosaad , Awad Samir , Ahmed Naglaa 
Published: June 2011

Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of some 6-aryl-5-cyano-2-thiouracil derivativesA series of 6-aryl-5-cyano-2-thiouracil derivatives (1a-d) was synthesized by the reaction of ethyl cyanoacetate with thiourea and aldehydes. These products were used as intermediate compounds for the synthesis of a number of thiouracil derivatives (2a-dto10a-d). All compounds were screened for antibacterial and antifungal activities. Some of the prepared compounds, 6-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxamide (2a), 4-oxo-2-thioxo-6-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxamide (2d), 6-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-hydrazino-2-thioxo-1,2-dihydropyrimidine-5-cabonitrile (7a) and 4-hydrazino-2-thioxo-6-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1,2-dihydropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (7d) revealed promising antimicrobial activity.
N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide in Patients with Hypertensive Heart Disease
Authors: Pejović Janko , Ignjatović Svetlana , Dajak Marijana , Majkić-Singh Nada , Vučinić Žarko 
Published: June 2011

N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide in Patients with Hypertensive Heart DiseasePatients with hypertensive heart disease have elevated concentrations of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). The aim of our study was to evaluate NT-proBNP in patients with long-standing hypertension and in patients with signs of hypertensive cardiomyopathy. The study included three groups of 50 subjects: healthy persons (Control Group), patients with hypertension and normal left ventricular systolic function (Group 1) and patients with longstanding hypertension and signs of hyper tensive cardiomyopathy with impaired left ventricular systolic function (Group 2). Our results show a very good correlation (Pearson's test) between NT-proBNP in Group 1 and Group 2 and C-reactive protein (Group 1: r = 0.8424; Group 2: r = 0.6650), systolic blood pressure (Group 1: r = 0.7213; Group 2: r = 0.4856), diastolic blood pressure (Group 1: r = 0.4282; Group 2: r = 0.3989) and ejection fraction (Group 1: r = -0.7390; Group 2: r = 0.9111). ROC analysis revealed that the AUC between the Control Group and Group 1 for NT-proBNP (0.912) was not significantly different (p>0.05) from the AUC for systolic (0.924) and diastolic pressure (0.937). A cut-off value for NT-proBNP of 5.89 pmol/L can be used to reliably distinguish patients of Group 1 from the Control Group, and a cut-off value of 21.67 pmol/L reliably separates patients from Group 1 and Group 2 (in both cases, the AUC is 1.000). Patients in Group 2 who belonged to the II and III New York Heart Association (NYHA) class had significantly higher levels of NT-proBNP than those in NYHA class I (ANOVA test, p=0.001). These data suggest that NT-proBNP is a useful biomarker for distin guishing patients with long-standing hypertension who are at risk of heart failure, allowing optimization and proper treatment of these patients.
Glycans as Biomarkers: Status and Perspectives
Authors: Janković Miroslava 
Published: June 2011

Glycans as Biomarkers: Status and PerspectivesProtein glycosylation is a ubiquitous and complex co- and post-translational modification leading to glycan formation, i.e. oligosaccharide chains covalently attached to peptide backbones. The significance of changes in glycosylation for the beginning, progress and outcome of different human diseases is widely recognized. Thus, glycans are considered as unique structures to diagnose, predict susceptibility to and monitor the progression of disease. In the »omics« era, the glycome, a glycan analogue of the proteome and genome, holds considerable promise as a source of new biomarkers. In the design of a strategy for biomarker discovery, new principles and platforms for the analysis of relatively small amounts of numerous glycoproteins are needed. Emerging glycomics technologies comprising different types of mass spectrometry and affinity-based arrays are next in line to deliver new analytical procedures in the field of biomarkers. Screening different types of glycomolecules, selection of differentially expressed components, their enrichment and purification or identification are the most challenging parts of experimental and clinical glycoproteomics. This requires large-scale technologies enabling high sensitivity, proper standardization and validation of the methods to be used. Further progress in the field of applied glycoscience requires an integrated systematic approach in order to explore properly all opportunities for disease diagnosis.
Defining Biomarker Performance and Clinical Validity
Authors: Bossuyt Patrick 
Published: June 2011

Defining Biomarker Performance and Clinical ValidityIn the evaluation of biomarkers three questions can be answered: what is the analytical validity of the marker, what is its clinical validity, and does the marker have clinical utility? In most cases, clinical validity will be expressed in terms of the marker's accuracy: the degree to which it can be used to correctly identify diseased patients or, more generally, patients with the target condition. Diagnostic accuracy is evaluated in studies in which the biomarker values are compared to the outcome of the clinical reference standard in the same patients. There are several ways in which the results of diagnostic accuracy studies can be summarized, reported, and interpreted. In this paper we summarize and present the available measures. We classify these as error-based measures, information-based measures, and measures of the strength of the association. Clinical validity is linked to clinical utility. If the target condition is well defined and associated with unequivocal downstream management decisions, clinical validity, when defined in comparative terms, may sometimes act as a surrogate outcome measure for clinical utility.
Myeloperoxidase: New Roles for an Old Molecule
Authors: Stanković Sanja , Majkić-Singh Nada 
Published: June 2011

Myeloperoxidase: New Roles for an Old MoleculeMyeloperoxidase (MPO) is a member of the heme peroxidase-cyclooxygenase superfamily. It is abundantly expressed in neutrophils and monocytes. During inflammation MPO is released from leukocytes and catalyzes the formation of several reactive species and tissue damage. In this article we present state of the art knowledge on the general properties, biosynthesis and processing and trafficking of MPO. The basic functions of MPO in inflammation and oxidative stress are discussed in detail. This article also summarizes the studies that investigated the relationship between MPO and cardiovascular disease. An overview of the assays for determination of MPO, the sample type and preanalytical procedures is given. Future studies are needed before this marker is introduced into routine clinical practice.
Legal Terminology and Lesser Used Languages: The Case of Mòcheno
Authors: Chiocchetti Elena , Ralli Natascia 
Published: June 2011

The article aims at outlining the specific problems connected with the elaboration of legal and administrative terminology in a lesser used language and illustrating the methods and tools proposed considering the knowledge and competences to be conveyed.
Since 2003 the Institute for Specialised Communication and Multilingualism of the European Academy of Bolzano (EURAC) offers education courses in legal terminology work, coupled with introductions in related/complementary disciplines, e.g. documentation, specialised translation and technical writing. Next to professional trainings, the Institute held also ad-hoc courses, such as a two-day course organised in 2008 for the Mòcheni, a Germanic minority living in the Italian Province of Trento. Since the passing of provincial law no. 6/2008, which foresees specific measures for the protection and promotion of local language minorities, the Mòcheno-speaking community has the right to use their language in all situations of social, economic and administrative life in both oral and written communications. Notwithstanding the recent compilation of a standard grammar, the Mòcheno language is not yet developed for the use in technical and specialised contexts. Indeed, the most urgent needs seem to exist in the translation of administrative terminology.
Multilingual Legislation in the European Union. EU and National Legislative-Language Styles and Terminology
Authors: Robertson Colin 
Published: June 2011

EU law is multilingual and multi-cultural. It is initially drafted in one language, now frequently English, often by non-native speakers and then translated into the other EU languages. Amendments may be proposed that are drafted in a different language. The result is a single multilingual text created in 23 language versions that are authentic within the context of the EU legal order. These circumstances have led EU legal language to develop its own terminology and legislative style as a separate genre.
One question is to identify different national cultural drafting styles and traditions that lie behind the creation of EU legislative texts and terminology. The Member State traditions vary, yet they merge in the EU legislative texts. In order to assist in the understanding of EU legislative texts, it is useful to reflect on how they are constructed and the features and requirements lying behind their creation, interpretation and transposition.
One approach is to consider a specific piece of EU text in a range of languages and consider how the text is reproduced in each language in terms of structure and terminology. Since the original draft is frequently made by non-native speakers and then translated into the other EU languages, which are bound by the structure of the base version, we obtain little information from it about divergent national linguistic and legislative methods. However, if the EU text is a directive which is transposed into national law, we should be able also to look at the national implementing legislation intended to implement the directive. The implementing texts are produced within the national legal context and, one assumes, aim at similar results, as laid down by the directive. Thus it could be expected that they should provide vehicles for study between the national systems and between each national system and the EU legal order. The paper explores these ideas to see where they lead.
Translating Law into a Dictionary. A Terminographic Model
Authors: Szemińska Weronika 
Published: June 2011

The purpose of the paper is to present a model dictionary which could serve as a tool for professional translators of legal texts.
Firstly, the methodological approach which was adopted in order to create the model is delineated. It is based on the combined specialist knowledge of three disciplines, namely terminography, translation studies and law. Subsequently, the notion of the translation dictionary as a separate type of terminological dictionary is presented, with particular emphasis on the unit of translation and translation equivalence. The following part of the paper characterises translation of legal texts and its implications concerning the needs of the translator as well as the role of the dictionary in the translation process. Finally, the paper proposes a model dictionary, constructed according to the methodological rules determined at the beginning and in the light of the conclusions drawn from the following analysis.
Economically viable synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and their characterization
Authors: Srivastava V. , Singh P. , Weng C. , Sharma Y. 
Published: June 2011

Economically viable synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and their characterization
Nano iron oxide particles (Fe3O4) were synthesized by coprecipitation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ by ammonia solution in the aqueous phase. Various instrumentation methods such as X ray Diffractometry (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometery (VSM) were used to characterize the properties of nanoparticles. The size of the nanoparticles was measured and was found to be between 10 to 15 nm. The value of saturation magnetization of the nanoparticles was found to be 55.26 emu/g. The BET surface area of nano iron oxide particles measured to be 86.55 m2/g.
3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane functionalized nanoscale zero-valent iron for the removal of dyes from aqueous solution
Authors: Zhang Junying , Liu Qingyang , Ding Yuanju , Bei Yiling 
Published: June 2011

3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane functionalized nanoscale zero-valent iron for the removal of dyes from aqueous solution
Batch studies were conducted to investigate the potential of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane modified nano zero-valent iron (APS-NZVI) to adsorb two dyes (acid brilliant scarlet GR and reactive brilliant red K-2BP) from aqueous solution. APS-NZVI showed good adsorption performance for two dyes. Under the adsorption conditions of pH 4.5, initial concentration was 100 mg/L, and time=4h, the maximum adsorption capacities of APS-NZVI were 121.06 mg/g for acid brilliant scarlet GR and 191.5 mg/g for reactive brilliant red K-2BP, respectively. The results revealed that the adsorption behavior of the dyes on the nano-particles fitted well with the Langmuir model and the sorption kinetics fits well the pseudo-second-order rate equation.
Increasing the bulk density of STPP - influence of the process parameters
Authors: Gorazda Katarzyna , Banach Marcin , Makara Agnieszka , Wzorek Zbigniew 
Published: June 2011

Increasing the bulk density of STPP - influence of the process parameters
The new requirements that were placed on STPP, like high bulk density, the proper relation of Form I and Form II and suitable physicochemical properties, resulted in the development of the present production methods. The paper presents the research results on increasing the bulk density of STPP by a chemical method. In the introduced method the solid sodium phosphate from spray drying and sodium orthophosphate solution, after acid neutralization, were rubbed together. Such an operation changes the physicochemical properties of the dried sodium phosphate before calcining, which results in increasing the bulk density of STPP to a level of 0.80 kg/dm3. The dependence of STPP bulk density on process parameters such as: sodium orthophosphate solution to solid sodium phosphate mass ratio, temperature of dosed sodium orthophosphate solution, as well as the calcining temperature of mixtures were analysed.
Reaction crystallization of struvite in a continuous DTM type crystallizer with a compressed air driven jet pump
Authors: Matynia Andrzej , Mazieńczuk Agata , Piotrowski Krzysztof , Wierzbowska Bogusława , Hutnik Nina , Kozik Anna 
Published: June 2011

Reaction crystallization of struvite in a continuous DTM type crystallizer with a compressed air driven jet pump
Experimental tests covering the production of struvite MgNH4PO4·6H2O from water solutions containing 1.0 mass % of phosphate(V) ions using magnesium and ammonium ions in stoichiometric proportions were carried out in a crystallizer of 1.2 dm3 working volume. The process temperature was 298 K. Struvite crystals of mean size L
m from ca. 14 to ca. 38 μm were produced depending on the process environment's pH (9-11) and the mean residence time of suspension in a crystallizer, τ (900-3600 s). In such defined process conditions the linear growth rate of struvite crystals changed from 1.45·10-8 m/s (pH 9, τ 900 s) to 2.06·10-9 m/s (pH 11, τ 3600 s) while the nucleation rate from 5.1·107 to 3.2·109 1/(sm3). Crystal product of the most advantageous granular characteristics was produced at pH 9 and the mean residence time 3600 s. Within this product population the largest sizes reached above 200 μm while the number of crystals smaller than 3 mm was kept below 6%.
The effect of the surface modification of carbon nanotubes on their dispersion in the epoxy matrix
Authors: Wladyka-Przybylak Maria , Wesolek Dorota , Gieparda Weronika , Boczkowska Anna , Ciecierska Ewelina 
Published: June 2011

The effect of the surface modification of carbon nanotubes on their dispersion in the epoxy matrix
Functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) has an effect on the dispersion of MWCNT in the epoxy matrix. Samples based on two kinds of epoxy resin and different weight percentage of MWCNTs (functionalized and non-functionalized) were prepared. Epoxy/carbon nanotubes composites were prepared by different mixing methods (ultrasounds and a combination of ultrasounds and mechanical mixing). CNTs modified with different functional groups were investigated. Surfactants were used to lower the surface tension of the liquid, which enabled easier spreading and reducing the interfacial tension. Solvents were also used to reduce the liquid viscosity. Some of them facilitate homogeneous dispersion of nanotubes in the resin. The properties of epoxy/nanotubes composites strongly depend on a uniform distribution of carbon nanotubes in the epoxy matrix. The type of epoxy resin, solvent, surfactant and mixing method for homogeneous dispersion of CNTs in the epoxy matrix was evaluated. The effect of CNTs functionalization type on their dispersion in the epoxy resins was evaluated on the basis of viscosity and microstructure studies.
Geochemical distribution and mobility of heavy metals in sediments of urban streams affected by combined sewer overflows
Authors: Hnaťuková Petra 
Published: June 2011

Geochemical distribution and mobility of heavy metals in sediments of urban streams affected by combined sewer overflowsThis study was undertaken to assess the impact of combined sewer overflows (CSOs) on distribution and potential mobility of heavy metals in sediments of urban streams in Prague, Czech Republic. Contents of total and extractable heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni), mineralogical phases and other sediment properties were measured in 44 surficial sediment samples. Total metal concentrations were obtained after microwave-assisted digestion whilst extractable metal contents were obtained following a sequential extraction scheme (acid soluble, reducible, oxidisable and residual fraction). The multivariate statistics of cluster analysis was used to identify specific areas of contamination and to evaluate the impact of CSOs. The observed mobility order of metals was Cd > Zn > Ni > Cu > Pb > Cr. There was a considerable increase in Zn mobility and increase of Cu associated with the oxidisable fraction in the sediments below CSO discharges. Cd was revealed as the most mobile heavy metal with percentages of extraction of approximately 40-60% in acid soluble fraction. Pb was mainly found in reducible fraction associated with Fe/Mn (oxi)hydroxides, which is indicative of anthropogenic pollution. In terms of environmental significance, Cd and Zn can be particularly mobile and bioavailable under acidic conditions, because they are predominantly bound in labile fractions. However, potential changes of redox state and pH may remobilize the metals bound to carbonates, reducible, and/or organic matter.
First records of Isohypsibius pushkini Tumanov, 2003 (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada, Hypsibiidae) from Poland
Authors: Kaczmarek Łukasz , Gołdyn Bartłomiej , Czyż Michał , Michalczyk Łukasz 
Published: June 2011

First records of Isohypsibius pushkini Tumanov, 2003 (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada, Hypsibiidae) from Poland
First records of Isohypsibius pushkini from small ponds in western Poland are described. So far, these are the only records of this species apart from its type locality in Russia. We present some remarks on the ecology of the species, as well. Moreover, we present the first ever microphotographs of I. pushkini.
Physical Simulation of Controlled Rolling and Accelerated Cooling for Ultrafine-Grained Steel Plates
Authors: Dyja H. , Knapiński M. , Kwapisz M. , Snopek J. 
Published: June 2011

Physical Simulation of Controlled Rolling and Accelerated Cooling for Ultrafine-Grained Steel Plates
The work shows the possibilities of obtaining ultrafine-grained ferrite-pearlite and ferrite-bainite structures in the process of controlled rolling of sheet metal using immediate accelerated cooling after the final pass. Low-carbon steel without micro-alloy additives was analyzed. The analysis was conducted using the Gleeble 3800 device with Hydrawedge II MCU module which enabled a multiple cycle of fast compression of the material. During the test, 10×15×20 mm rectangular parallelepiped specimens were deformed in flat anvils gaining the flat state of deformation in the zone of compression. Then the influence of the used scheme of deformation, cooling rate, time of break between the last deformation and the beginning of the accelerated cooling was analyzed as well as the temperature at the end of accelerated cooling of the structure and the mechanical properties of the final item.
Studies of Advanced Technologies Used in the Manufacture of Products from Aluminium Alloys
Authors: Senderski J. , Lech-Grega M. , Płonka B. 
Published: June 2011

Studies of Advanced Technologies Used in the Manufacture of Products from Aluminium Alloys
The test stands already put in operation and still under development, installed in the Light Metals Division Skawina of the Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals in Gliwice are described. The presentation includes 5MN horizontal direct-indirect extrusion press, 2,5MN vertical forging press, "MeltechConfex MC-260" device for continuous rotary extrusion process, "Melt-Spinning" plant for casting of thin strips, melting-casting plant for Mg alloy billets, heat treatment line, and new testing equipment, including Instron 5582 100 kN and Instron 600DX 600 kN testing machines with attachments for tests carried out at low and high temperatures, automatic hardness tester for HB, HV and HRC hardness measurements, portable X-ray diffractometer for measurement of internal stresses, optical emission spectrometer with channels for the analysis of aluminium and magnesium alloys, STEM 200kV transmission electron microscope, and apparatus for hydrogen content measurement in the solid state. Based on the experimental potential and apparatus available, present research opportunities were discussed and modern trends in the advanced technology of Al and Mg alloys fabrication were outlined.
An Extension of Burzyński Hypothesis of Material Effort Accounting for the Third Invariant of Stress Tensor
Authors: Pęcherski R. , Szeptyński P. , Nowak M. 
Published: June 2011

An Extension of Burzyński Hypothesis of Material Effort Accounting for the Third Invariant of Stress Tensor
The aim of the paper is to propose an extension of the Burzyński hypothesis of material effort to account for the influence of the third invariant of stress tensor deviator. In the proposed formulation the contribution of the density of elastic energy of distortion in material effort is controlled by Lode angle. The resulted yield condition is analyzed and possible applications and comparison with the results known in the literature are discussed.