bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Future models of higher education in Scotland
Authors: Comrie Andrew 
Published: September 2011

PurposeThis paper aims to discuss and provide examples of different collaborative models that are emerging and to argue that a technology‐enhanced, socio‐constructivist approach to future collaborative curriculum design and delivery enables partnership working and provides curriculum design solutions that supports delivery in different ways. The paper seeks to argue that the driver for motivating programme teams to work collaboratively and embed technology into future programme designs comes both from a changing economic and funding climate and a pedagogic driver to offer value to the learner. The paper aims to present exemplars of using technology to transform programme delivery.Design/methodology/approachOutcomes and deliverables from different technology‐enhanced learning projects and the work of the Edinburgh, Lothians, Fife and Borders Regional Articulation Hub (ELRAH) have been examined to establish whether technology‐enhanced learning, teaching and access models could enable universities and colleges to work collaboratively to provide a more flexible and accessible model of HE in the future. The paper uses examples of technologies and professional development that is being used to support technology‐enhanced, collaborative HE programme development, and, while the paper focuses specifically on the debates taking place in Scotland, the insights provided are relevant to similar debates taking place in the rest of the UK.FindingsThe paper argues that “edgeless universities” are needed to achieve the reforms needed to deliver an HE system that offers the flexibility of access and efficient delivery required in the future. A future higher education system that demands efficiency and more flexibility through partnership and collaboration must use technology to form partnerships if they are to generate radical changes to future programme designs that enable flexible access. The paper argues that a traditional “one size fits all“ model for tertiary education does not meet a vision for wider access to HE. Institutions will need to adopt different strategies for engaging staff in collaborative curriculum developments and need to provide strong leadership to direct engagement.Originality/valueThe value of this paper is that it presents ways in which FE and HE institutions can work collaboratively to create a more radical, technology‐enabled, collaborative approach to future HE curriculum development in Scotland.
Entrepreneurship and SME growth: evidence from advanced and laggard transition economies
Authors: Hashi Iraj , Krasniqi Besnik A. 
Published: September 2011

PurposeThis paper seeks to examine the impact of firms' technological capability and other firm and environmental characteristics on the growth of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in six transition countries at different stages of transition. It compares three advanced Central Eastern European countries (Poland, Hungary, and Czech Republic) with three laggard countries in South Eastern Europe (Albania, Macedonia, and Serbia and Montenegro).Design/methodology/approachA theoretical framework is proposed based on three groups of factors influencing SME growth: innovative and entrepreneurial features of the firm, characteristics of the firm, and those related to the institutional/business environment. Subsequently this paper uses the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS) conducted by the World Bank/EBRD in 2002 and 2005 to test a number of hypotheses regarding the determinants of SME growth.FindingsThe two groups of countries have similarities and differences: both display similar trends with respect to the growth process; both are affected by entrepreneurship activities positively; but the institutional barriers affecting the two groups are somewhat different. It was also found that, despite the growing importance of SMEs in all transition economies, they still face many institutional barriers – which have prevented them from making a greater contribution.Research limitations/implicationsThe key limitations of the empirical investigation are the qualitative nature of survey data and the shortcomings associated with self‐declaration of entrepreneurs. It is important for future research to complement this line of research with panel data.Originality/valueThis cross‐country study extends current understanding of the determinants of SME growth in various stages of transition economies based on a unique data set. It also provides some implications for policymakers as well as entrepreneurs/managers for improving the growth of SMEs.
A multidimensional examination of a creativity‐based opportunity recognition model
Authors: Hansen David J. , Lumpkin G.T. , Hills Gerald E. 
Published: September 2011

PurposeThis paper seeks to detail an exploratory examination of a multidimensional, creativity‐based theoretical model of opportunity recognition originally proposed by Hills et al. and later refined by Lumpkin et al., but never empirically tested. The paper also aims to examine the relationship between individual dimensions of the model and creativity.Design/methodology/approachAnalyses were conducted using AMOS software on a sample of 145 entrepreneurs. One structural equation model (SEM) and three confirmatory factor analysis models were tested.FindingsThe five‐dimensional model – consisting of preparation, incubation, insight, evaluation, and elaboration – was determined to be the best fitting model. The SEM model also indicated that incubation and elaboration were significantly related to creativity. Overall, a multidimensional, creativity‐based approach to modeling opportunity recognition is supported by this study.Research limitations/implicationsCross‐sectional data do not allow for testing of the process aspect of the model; however, they do provide evidence that the model can stand up to empirical tests of the five elements of the model. Future research should examine opportunity using multiple dimensions and a creativity perspective. Additional research is needed to examine the process aspects of opportunity recognition.Practical implicationsFostering opportunity recognition processes that are iterative and involve multiple stages is likely to promote more creative entrepreneurial outcomes.Originality/valueThis study provides one of the few examples of a multidimensional perspective on opportunity recognition as well as an empirical examination of a creativity‐based theoretical model of opportunity recognition.
Managing success factors in entrepreneurial ventures: a behavioral approach
Authors: Awais Ahmad Tipu Syed , Manzoor Arain Faisal 
Published: September 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the links between entrepreneurial behavior and success factors in a developing country context.Design/methodology/approachA case study approach was selected to analyze real‐life situations in order to gain an insight about entrepreneurial cognition and action related to success factors. Drawing from the behavioral theory of entrepreneurship, this paper presents a conceptual model which shows that entrepreneurial cognitions about success factors may lead toward entrepreneurial actions. The data were collected through face‐to‐face interviews. Three entrepreneurs were asked to outline responses to identified success factors such as start‐up planning, managing risk, learning, networking, managing human resource, and managing finances.FindingsThe results suggest that many behavioral patterns exhibited by the case study entrepreneurs were similar to entrepreneurs' behavior in more developed regions. The similarities include: preparation of business plan, ability cognition for start‐up planning, overconfidence and representativeness heuristics for managing risk, obtaining professional outsider assistance for learning, developing business relationships with suppliers for networking and favorable credit policies, and employing owner‐related and delaying‐payment methods of bootstrapping for managing finances.Originality/valueFor the first time in Pakistan this study explores entrepreneurial cognition and action in managing success factors. The findings of the research will potentially help practitioners and policy makers in nurturing entrepreneurial initiatives in a developing country context.
The diagnosis and epidemiology of autism
Authors: Pasco Greg 
Published: September 2011

PurposeThis paper aims to describe the way in which autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is identified, defined and diagnosed; and how changes in the conceptualisation and understanding of autism have impacted on clinical practice and research findings. Specific issues relating to the nature of Asperger syndrome and the profile of females with ASD are discussed. Finally, the apparent increase over time in the incidence of autism is considered.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is a non‐systematic review of the current literature relating to the diagnosis and epidemiology of autism.FindingsDespite its diverse presentation and complex aetiology, the autism spectrum is increasingly well understood amongst professionals and the general public. Diagnostic criteria are revised periodically and new versions of the formal definitions are due to be published soon. The prevalence of ASD appears to be in the region of 1 per cent. There is a clear perception that the true incidence of autism is on the increase and, despite several well‐conducted epidemiological studies, it remains impossible to confirm or refute this notion.Practical implicationsDiagnosis in clinical practice should involve some reference to the formal criteria, the use of standardised diagnostic instruments and should ideally take place within a multi‐disciplinary team setting.Originality/valueThis paper provides an up‐to‐date review of current diagnostic practice for all professionals working with children and adults with ASD.
Intervention in autism: a brief review of the literature
Authors: Mills Richard , Marchant Stephen 
Published: September 2011

PurposeThere are many treatments and interventions available to families and carers of children with autism, many without any solid evidence base. This paper aims to present and discuss the literature on some of the commonly used and better researched interventions.Design/methodology/approachResearch literature drawing on systematic reviews in particular, where available, was collated and summarised under the subheadings of psycho‐educational, psycho‐pharmacological, and complementary interventions or therapies.FindingsThere are very few interventions that have a solid research base. Even those with the strongest evidence base, such as early intensive behavioural intervention, have not necessarily been found to have a universally positive impact. Recent studies have been methodologically stronger, but there are still many weaknesses in the research to date.Originality/valueThis paper attempts to provide a balanced and independent view of the literature on different interventions for autism.
Promoting social inclusion for children and adults on the autism spectrum – reflections on policy and practice
Authors: Roberts Rachel , Beadle‐Brown Julie , Youell Darran 
Published: September 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the issue of social inclusion for people with autism spectrum conditions.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on current policy and good practice guidelines as well as the experience of people with autism and those who support them, this paper considers how well legislation, policy, and good practice are currently implemented with regard to improving the social inclusion of children and adults with autism spectrum conditions.FindingsInternational and UK policy sets out the rights of children and adults with disabilities to live a good life in the community, with reasonable adjustment to be made by society to ensure this is possible. However, the practical and strategic implementations of policies to ensure these rights for people with autism are still not fully in place.Originality/valueThis discussion takes into consideration the views of carers and support professionals and the direct experiences of those with autism as well as policy and published guidance.
Workplace learning in Pakistani schools: a myth or reality?
Authors: Nawab Ali 
Published: September 2011

PurposeLiterature on workplace learning emphasizes that learning should be continually generated and negotiated in the workplace. How does this concept unfold in the developing context? This paper aims at understanding teachers' workplace learning and the conditions which influence such learning in a private school of Pakistani context.Design/methodology/approachFirst, a brief review of literature on workplace learning is presented to develop a conceptual framework for the study. Next, the research methodology undertaken to collect data from the studied school is described. The paper then presents the findings, followed by discussion, limitations and suggestions for further studies.FindingsDrawing upon the data collected through a qualitative case study, this paper reveals that in Pakistani schools, the theoretically powerful concept of learning is not the same in practice. Teachers' work load, lack of awareness about the possibilities and importance of workplace learning, non‐existence of structures for teachers' interactions and lack of rewards are the conditions impeding workplace learning. Since the study has been conducted in the developing context, it also brings forth some fresh findings about cultural aspects of the specific context.Originality/valueThe study suggests that the change agents should concentrate on developing structures and cultures inside schools to facilitate teachers' workplace learning. Moreover, the external courses conducted for teachers should include the concept of workplace learning in their contents to make teachers learn how to learn in the workplace.
State road transport undertakings in India: technical efficiency and its determinants
Authors: Kumar Sunil 
Published: September 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is not only to gauge the extent of technical efficiency in 31 state road transport undertakings (SRTUs) operating in India but also to explore the most influential factors explaining its variations across SRTUs.Design/methodology/approachThree popular data envelopment analysis (DEA) models, namely CCR, BCC and Andersen and Petersen's super‐efficiency models, have been utilized to compute various efficiency scores for individual SRTUs. A censored Tobit analysis is conducted to see which factors significantly explain the inter‐SRTU variations in efficiency.FindingsThe key findings of the DEA analysis are only five SRTUs define the efficient frontier, and the remaining 26 inefficient undertakings have a scope of inputs reduction, albeit by the different magnitude; the extent of average overall technical inefficiency (OTIE) in these SRTUs is to the tune of 22.8 percent, indicating that the sample SRTUs are wasting about one‐fourth of their resources in the production operations; managerial inefficiency (as captured by the pure technical inefficiency) is a relatively more dominant source of OTIE; and operation in the zone of increasing returns‐to‐scale is a common feature for most of the undertakings. The multivariate regression analysis using Tobit analysis highlights that the occupancy ratio is the most significant determinant for all the efficiency measures, and bears a positive relationship with overall technical, pure technical and scale efficiencies. Further, scale efficiency is also impacted positively by the staff productivity.Practical implicationsThe results of this paper can be applied from management's perspective. The managers can assess the relative efficiency of their SRTUs in the industry and take corrective measures to improve efficiency by altering input‐output mix.Originality/valueThis paper provides more robust estimates of relative efficiency of the SRTUs and highlights the key determinants of overall technical efficiency.
Roadmapping the convergence of technologies for services over broadband
Authors: Daim Tugrul U. , Dash Pranabesh 
Published: September 2011

PurposeThis paper aims to present an application of the technology roadmapping approach for exploring the implications of technologies converging for a service sector.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses the fundamental concepts behind creating a technology roadmap. These include market and business analysis, product analysis, technology analysis and resource allocation.FindingsThe study demonstrates the use and modification of technology roadmaps for technology driven service business segments.Originality/valueThe process of developing a roadmap for services over broadband presented in this paper can be used as a standard process of developing a technology roadmap for any organization in a similar business.
An assessment framework for disruptive innovation
Authors: Hang C.C. , Chen Jin , Yu Dan 
Published: September 2011

PurposeThis paper aims to present an assessment framework which captures the essential characteristics and holistic success factors for disruptive innovation based on the original theory of Christensen, a number of clarifications as reported in the literature and a study of known, successful cases in the literature.Design/methodology/approachThe framework was designed based on the improved understanding of disruptive innovation challenges and on the holistic consideration of innovation as a dynamic process. It consists of structured questions which could be used to guide detailed data collection and analysis needed to answer the key questions which constitute the assessment framework. They are grouped under market positioning, technology and other favourable drivers.FindingsA simple yet comprehensive assessment framework for disruptive innovation has been developed. Two of the known successful cases, namely the steel minimill of Nucor and the 3.5 inch disk drive of Conner/Seagate, were presented in more detail to illustrate the use of this systematic framework in assessing the success potential of these cases of disruptive innovations in either the low‐end or new markets. A third and fairly new example, that of the limited mobile phone system/product of UTStarcom, was then presented to illustrate a case where the framework revealed reasons for potential failure. A fourth example of Google's web‐based office applications then illustrated how the framework might be used to study the disruptive potential of a new product.Originality/valueThis paper enables a more accurate and systematic assessment of disruptive innovation. The framework also has the potential to be further developed into a systematic tool for answering the question of whether the disruptive innovation theory could indeed be used to provide ex ante prediction of the success of a new disruptive innovation.
Patent analysis for analysing technological convergence
Authors: Karvonen Matti , Kässi Tuomo 
Published: September 2011

PurposeFusion of new technologies and convergence has led to the emergence of new industries. This paper aims to present experiences of the concept of convergence from a patent citation analysis viewpoint. The main objective of the paper is to develop a tool for anticipating the emerging new industry segments.Design/methodology/approachThe patent analysis methods have been used to get an idea of the stage of new industry segment in the intersection of the paper and electronics industries. The authors distinguish self‐citations from external citations, and further divide citations into two groups: within the industry and beyond the industry. Backward citations are used to evaluate the spill‐overs between industries and forward citations are used to evaluate the significance of technology‐based industry transformation.FindingsThe recognized trends of the trajectory changes and growing overlaps of technological fields show indications for possible convergence between industries. Differentiating between external and self‐citations within and beyond industry citations helps to provide more comprehensive prospects of a future technology competitive environment.Research limitations/implicationsThis study evaluated technology development in converging environments. It would be a scientifically significant contribution if the novel patent analysis methods could be used effectively for creating understanding in advance about the technology development and industry convergences.Originality/valueThe presented patent citation methodology provides new insights into the analysis of industry evolution, technological innovations and business development related to converging industries and technologies.
A comparison of lean and CMMI for services (CMMI‐SVC v1.2) best practices
Authors: Kundu Goutam Kumar , Murali Manohar B. , Bairi Jayachandra 
Published: September 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the elements of lean concept and identify those principles which are applicable to service organizations, also, to compare the lean best practices with CMMI‐SVC v1.2 model goals and practices and find out the compatibility.Design/methodology/approachThe capability maturity model integration (CMMI) for services (CMMI‐SVC v1.2) model, developed by Software Engineering Institute is a collection of best practices applicable to service operations. Lean concepts, on the other hand, originated from manufacturing but of late lean principles and best practices have been implemented in some services organizations. As lean concepts originated from manufacturing and CMMI‐SVC v1.2 from software industry, there could be some overlapping content and some differences and each may offer some distinct advantages. This paper is based on the review of the contemporary literature on lean concepts and CMMI‐SVC v1.2 model, including books, journal articles and handbooks. The authors involved a group of practitioners and experts with theoretical and practical expertise on the CMMI framework, software process improvements as well as lean principles and services to find out which lean principles are applicable to service organization and also the compatibility of lean and CMMI‐SVC v1.2 practices.FindingsThe authors have defined a set of lean best practices which can be applied to service organizations. It is concluded that integration and harmonization of both lean and CMMI‐SVC v1.2 practices is possible and in many ways the practices are complementary. In the future, a unified model based on both lean and CMMI‐SVC v1.2 can be developed by combining the best practices of both.Originality/valueThis paper has reviewed the lean literature and grouped the lean best practices which are applicable to service organizations. It has compared the lean best practices with CMMI‐SVC v1.2 best practices. Little research has been done on comparison of lean best practices with CMMI‐SVC v1.2 model.