bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovation in the Treatment of Uremia: Proceedings from the Cleveland Clinic Workshop: Sorbents in Treatment of Uremia: A Short History and a Great Future
Authors: Ash Stephen R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTo regenerate dialysate in hemodialysis for kidney failure, it is necessary to remove all uremic toxins, avoid excessive removal of various electrolytes, and supply beneficial components such as bicarbonate. Surprisingly, a simple collection of components can accomplish this task very well: charcoal, urease, cation exchanger, and anion exchanger. From the early days of use of the Redy system and the Sorb cartridge, improvements have been made both in machine design and column chemical function. This article describes the chemical function of the Sorb cartridge, recent improvements, and the methods to predict the chemical function of the column. It also describes a number of improvements made in dialysis machines using sorbent regeneration of the dialysate. Some ongoing improvements in sorbent chemistry are also described.
Innovation in the Treatment of Uremia: Proceedings from the Cleveland Clinic Workshop: Uremic Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Hemodialysis as Renal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Himmelfarb Jonathan 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPatients with uremia are subject to greatly increased cardiovascular risk that cannot be completely explained by traditional cardiovascular risk factors. An increase in oxidative stress and inflammation has been proposed as contributory nontraditional uremic cardiovascular risk factors. Oxidative stress reflects the balance between oxidant generation and antioxidant defense mechanisms. Reduction/oxidation (redox) reactions may result in a stochastic process leading to oxidation of neighboring macromolecules. However, in many instances the reactive oxygen species target particular amino acid residues or lipid moieties. This provides a mechanism by which increased oxidative stress and/or alteration of antioxidant mechanisms can alter cell signaling. In individuals with advanced chronic kidney disease, the redox balance is not in equilibrium and is tipped toward oxidation resulting in the dysregulation of cellular process with subsequent vascular and tissue injury. In this review, the major oxidant and antioxidant pathways and the biomarkers to assess redox status in uremia are discussed, as well as the data linking the pathogenesis of oxidative stress, inflammation, cardiovascular events, and the progressive loss of kidney function in chronic kidney disease.
Innovation in the Treatment of Uremia: Proceedings from the Cleveland Clinic Workshop: Causes of Dysregulation of Lipid Metabolism in Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: Vaziri Nosratola D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEnd‐stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and premature death from cardiovascular disease. These events are driven by oxidative stress inflammation and lipid disorders. ESRD‐induced lipid abnormalities primarily stem from dysregulation of high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride‐rich lipoprotein metabolism, and oxidative modification of lipoproteins. In this context, production and plasma concentration of Apo‐I and Apo‐II are reduced, HDL maturation is impaired, HDL composition is altered, HDL antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory functions are depressed, clearance of triglyceride‐rich lipoproteins and their atherogenic remnants is impaired, their composition is altered, and their plasma concentration is elevated in ESRD. The associated defect in HDL maturation is largely caused by acquired lecithin‐cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency while its triglyceride enrichment is due to hepatic lipase deficiency. Hypertriglyceridemia, abnormal composition, and impaired clearance of triglyceride‐rich lipoproteins and their remnants are mediated by down‐regulation of lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL) receptor, and LDL receptor‐related protein, relative reduction in ApoC‐II/ApoC‐III ratio, up‐regulation of acyl‐CoA cholesterol acyltransferase, and elevated plasma level of cholesterol ester‐poor prebeta HDL. Impaired clearance and accumulation of oxidation‐prone VLDL and chylomicron remnants and abnormal LDL composition in the face of oxidative stress and inflammation favors their uptake by macrophages and resident cells in the artery wall. The effect of heightened influx of lipids is compounded by impaired HDL‐mediated reverse cholesterol transport leading to foam cell formation which is the central event in atherosclerosis plaque formation and subsequent plaque rupture, thrombosis, and tissue damage.
Innovation in the Treatment of Uremia: Proceedings from the Cleveland Clinic Workshop: Bottom‐Up Nanotechnology: The Human Nephron Filter
Authors: Nissenson Allen R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractOver one million patients worldwide have end‐stage renal disease and require dialysis or kidney transplantation. Despite the availability of these forms of renal replacement therapy for nearly four decades, mortality and morbidity are high and patients often have a poor quality of life. We have developed a human nephron filter (HNF) utilizing bottom‐up nanotechnology that would eventually make feasible a continuously functioning, wearable or implantable artificial kidney. The device consists of two membranes operating in series within one device cartridge. The first membrane mimics the function of the glomerulus, using convective transport to generate a plasma ultra filtrate, which contains all solutes approaching the molecular weight of albumin. The second membrane mimics the function of the renal tubules, selectively reclaiming designated solutes to maintain body homeostasis. No dialysis solution is used in this device. The HNF has been computer modeled, and operating 12 hour per day, 7 days per week the HNF provides the equivalent of 30 ml/min glomerular filtration rate (compared to half that amount for conventional thrice‐weekly hemodialysis). The HNF system, by eliminating dialysate and utilizing a novel membrane system created through applied nanotechnology, represents a breakthrough in renal replacement therapy based on the functioning of native kidneys. The enhanced solute removal and wearable design should substantially improve patient outcomes and quality of life.
A Novel 3‐D Reconstruction System for the Assessment of Bifurcation Lesions Treated by the Mini‐Crush Technique
Authors: GALASSI ALFREDO R. , TOMASELLO SALVATORE D. , CAPODANNO DAVIDE , SEMINARA DARIO , CANONICO LUCIANA , OCCHIPINTI MICHELE , TAMBURINO CORRADO 
Published: December 2009

Background:

Conventional two‐dimensional angiography lacks the ability to properly image the true bifurcation geometry, and its percutaneous coronary intervention‐induced changes in the clinical setting.
Methods and Results:

A novel three‐dimensional reconstruction system was investigated by retrospectively analyzing 39 lesions in 35 consecutive patients with coronary bifurcation disease treated with the mini‐crush technique. At baseline, significant correlations were proved between two‐ and three‐dimensional systems in terms of either reference vessel diameter (R2= 0.68 and 0.29 for main and side branches, respectively), minimum lumen diameter (R2= 0.73 and 0.36), stenosis diameter (R2= 0.69 and 0.29), and lesion length (R2= 0.48 and 0.58). These results were consistent with those observed after the procedure and at 8‐month follow‐up. Lesion length was significantly longer with the three‐dimensional compared to the two‐dimensional system for both main and side branches (P < 0.001, and P = 0.007, respectively).
Conclusions:

The three‐dimensional quantitative reconstruction system may provide accurate evaluation of the complex curvilinear structure of bifurcation lesions when using a double stent technique. (J Interven Cardiol 2010;23:46–53)
Human bone marrow stroma stem cell distribution in calcium carbonate scaffolds using two different seeding methods
Authors: Zhu Huiyong , Schulz Jutta , Schliephake Henning 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to develop a method for the determination of the three‐dimensional (3D) distribution of cells in mineralized scaffolds and to compare the effect of two different methods of cell seeding of human bone marrow stroma cells (hBMSCs) in long‐term cultures.Materials and methods: hBMSCs were seeded into CaCO3 scaffolds by droplet seeding using culture medium with and without the addition of fibrin. After 2, 7, 14, and 21 days of culture, the constructs were embedded into methylmethacrylate and serially sectioned using undecalcified thick section technology. Sections were serially scanned from the surface to the bottom of the scaffolds and DAPI‐stained cells were automatically counted in each section using structured illumination fluorescence microscopy (FM) with serial optical sectioning and image analysis software.Results: The data showed that the seeding efficiency was significantly higher in the scaffolds seeded with the addition of fibrin. Moreover, the number of cells increased to higher levels and remained higher for longer periods with the use of the fibrin matrix, whereas cells seeded in the medium suspension exhibited a sharp decrease after the first week of cultivation. There were distinct differences in the 3D cell distribution between the center and the periphery of the scaffolds. The use of a fibrin matrix was associated with a more uniform cell distribution 1 and 2 weeks after seeding in different levels (center vs. periphery: P>0.05), whereas cells in the medium solution group accumulated at the periphery of the scaffolds.Conclusions: In conclusion, automated serial optical sectioning using structured illumination FM can assess cell numbers and the 3D distribution of hBMSCs in mineralized scaffolds. This allows for a detailed analysis of the effect of different in vitro procedures used for cell seeding. The use of fibrin during seeding increases seeding efficiency and enhances both proliferation and cell survival in the central parts of the scaffolds. To cite this article:
Zhu H, Schulz J, Schliephake H. Human bone marrow stroma stem cell distribution in calcium carbonate scaffolds using two different seeding methods. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 182–188. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01816.x
Novel ceramic bone replacement material CeraBall® seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Douglas Timothy , Liu Qin , Humpe Andreas , Wiltfang Jörg , Sivananthan Sureshan , Warnke Patrick H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectives: Hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) are two very common ceramic materials for bone replacement. A recently developed material for bone replacement is CeraBall®, which is a mixed HA–TCP scaffold available as porous spherical scaffolds of diameter 4 and 6 mm. Before their use as bone replacement materials in vivo, in vitro testing of these scaffolds is necessary. The goal of this study was to characterise 4 and 6 mm CeraBall® scaffolds in vitro with a view to their future use as bone replacement materials.Materials and methods: The proliferation of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) seeded on CeraBall® scaffolds was evaluated quantitatively using the WST [Water soluble tetrazolium ((4‐[3‐(4‐ Iodophenyl)‐2‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐2H‐5‐tetrazolio]‐1, 3‐benzene disulfonate)] test and qualitatively by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the standard MTT [(3‐(4, 5‐Dimenthylthiazol‐2‐Y1)‐2, 5‐Diphenyltetrazolium bromide)] biocompatibility test and cell vitality staining were performed using hMSCs. CeraBall® scaffolds were also tested for their mechanical properties.Results: SEM and WST test results showed that hMSCs proliferated on CeraBall® scaffolds over the course of 9 days. Proliferation was similar to that seen on tissue culture polystyrene (control). Cells showed a well‐spread morphology and formed ‘sheets’ on the surface of scaffolds. Invasion of pores was observed. Good biocompatibility was demonstrated by MTT test results and cell vitality staining. Scaffolds of both 4 and 6 mm were able to withstand compressive loads of 5 N.Conclusions: CeraBall® scaffolds show good biocompatibility in vitro for hMSCs. This opens the way for in vivo applications. To cite this article:
Douglas T, Liu Q, Humpe A, Wiltfang J, Sivananthan S, Warnke PH. Novel ceramic bone replacement material CeraBall® seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 262–267. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01818.x
Diagnosis of implant stability and its impact on implant survival: a prospective case series study
Authors: Rodrigo Daniel , Aracil Luis , Martin Conchita , Sanz Mariano 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectives: To assess the predictability of implant stability assessment either clinically or by resonance frequency analysis (RFA).Material and methods: This prospective case series study evaluated 4114 consecutive SLA Straumann® implants in two private clinics. Primary stability was classified in four categories, depending on the degree of implant rotation when tightening the healing cap: A (no rotation at all), B (light rotation with a feeling of resistance), C (rotation without resistance) and D (rotation and lateral oscillation). In one clinic (n=542 implants), RFA method was also used the day of the surgery (Osstell 1) and at restoration placement (Osstell 2). Survival rates were stratified according to the clinical classification categories using life table analysis. The association between Osstell 1 and 2 and the clinical classification was tested with ANOVA.Results: 3899 implants were classified as stable (A) and 213 as unstable (B–D). Their survival rates were 99.1% and 97.2%, respectively. The unstable implants were further classified in B (158), C (51) and D (4), with survivals of 98.1%, 94.1% and 100%, respectively, being these differences statistically significant (P<0.009). Using Osstell®, implants were stratified in two groups according to a predefined threshold of implant stability quotient (≥60). At the Osstell 1 measurement there was no significant association between primary stability and implant survival (P<0.753). In Osstell 2, however, the association was significant (P<0.001).Conclusions: Only secondary stability RFA values were able to significantly predict implant outcomes, but not primary stability values. There was a good correlation between RFA and the proposed clinical classification of primary stability. To cite this article:
Rodrigo D, Aracil L, Martin C, Sanz M. Diagnosis of implant stability and its impact on implant survival: a prospective case series study. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 255–261. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01820.x
A Seasonal Inverse Almost Ideal Demand System for North American Fresh Tomatoes
Authors: Grant Jason H. , Lambert Dayton M. , Foster Kenneth A. 
Published: December 2009

Increased fresh tomato trade has prompted a number of trade disputes between the United States, Canada, and Mexico. One precondition of an antidumping dispute is meeting the “likeness of product” criterion. However, fresh tomato shipments and imports are highly seasonal, suggesting that the degree of substitutability (or product likeness) may depend fundamentally on whether fresh tomato varieties are in‐ or out‐of‐season. We develop a seasonally adjusted inverse demand system using Canadian and Mexican monthly import data along with U.S. state shipping data to address both seasonality and product substitutability in the fresh tomato market. We find that market equilibrium and the degree of product substitution are affected by seasonality and product availability in the consumer choice set. Le commerce accru de la tomate fraîche suscite des différends commerciaux entre les États‐Unis, le Canada et le Mexique. L'une des préconditions d'un différend en matière d'antidumping est liée au respect du critère de la « similarité du produit ». Toutefois, les expéditions et les importations de tomate fraîche sont très saisonnières, ce qui laisse supposer que le degré de substituabilité (ou de similarité du produit) puisse reposer fondamentalement sur le fait qu'il s'agisse ou non de variétés de tomate fraîche pleine saison ou hors‐saison. Nous avons mis au point un système désaisonnalisé de la demande inverse utilisant des données mensuelles sur les importations canadiennes et mexicaines et des données sur les expéditions des États‐Unis pour étudier la saisonnalité et la substituabilité dans le marché de la tomate fraîche. Nous sommes arrivés à la conclusion que la saisonnalité et la disponibilité des produits offerts au consommateur influent sur l'équilibre du marché et le degré de substitution du produit.
Alberta Consumers’ Valuation of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Red Meat Attributes: A Choice Experimental Approach
Authors: Steiner Bodo , Gao Fei , Unterschultz Jim 
Published: December 2009

This paper analyzes Alberta consumers’ perceptions toward extrinsic and intrinsic attributes of bison and beef steaks. In contrast to published Canadian consumer studies on bison meat that were undertaken prior to May 2003, before the first BSE case of Canadian origin was identified in beef cattle, this study provides a “post‐BSE” assessment of consumer perceptions toward selected bison meat attributes. The results from an attribute‐based choice experiment provide little support that simple traceability assurance schemes have value to consumers of bison and beef steaks, thus confirming similar findings of earlier beef studies that have employed different methodological approaches. The results also suggest that consumers are willing to pay significant premiums for bison steaks that are certified as being produced without genetically modified organisms, an attribute that has so far been unexplored in previous published bison studies. Le présent article analyse les perceptions des consommateurs de l’Alberta envers des attributs intrinsèques et extrinsèques du bifteck de bœuf et de bison. Contrairement aux études canadiennes sur la consommation de viande de bison publiées avant mai 2003, soit avant l’apparition du premier cas d’ESB dans un troupeau de bovins canadien, la présente étude livre une évaluation « post‐ESB » des perceptions des consommateurs envers des attributs sélectionnés de la viande de bison. Les résultats obtenus à partir de la méthode des choix multi‐attributs apportent peu d’appui à l’idée voulant que les mécanismes simples d’assurance de la traçabilité aient de la valeur pour les consommateurs de bifteck de bison et de bœuf, ce qui confirme les résultats similaires d’études antérieures sur le bœuf effectuées à l’aide de diverses approches méthodologiques. De plus, les résultats ont montré que les consommateurs sont prêts à payer un supplément appréciable pour du bifteck de bison certifié sans organisme génétiquement modifié (OGM), un attribut qui n’a pas été examiné dans les études sur le bison publiées antérieurement.
Origin of rotational kinematics in the globular cluster system of M31: a new clue to the bulge formation
Authors: Bekki Kenji 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
We propose that the rotational kinematics of the globular cluster system (GCS) in M31 can result from a past major merger event that could have formed its bulge component. We numerically investigate kinematical properties of globular clusters (GCs) in remnants of galaxy mergers between two discs with GCs in both their disc and halo components. We find that the GCS formed during major merging can show strongly rotational kinematics with the maximum rotational velocities of ∼140–170 km s−1 for a certain range of orbital parameters of merging. We also find that a rotating stellar bar, which can be morphologically identified as a boxy bulge if seen edge-on, can be formed in models for which the GCSs show strongly rotational kinematics. We thus suggest that the observed rotational kinematics of GCs with different metallicities in M31 can be closely associated with the ancient major merger event. We discuss whether the formation of the rotating bulge/bar in M31 can be due to the ancient merger.
From Informal Recreation to a Geography of Achievement: Women's Soccer in South Australia
Authors: ROSSO EDOARDO 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSince its inclusion amongst Olympic sports in the 1990s, women's soccer has grown impressively worldwide. Despite its rapid global expansion and growth in the number of playing participants, the sport has been neglected by geographers. In Australia, which is currently the fifth women's soccer country in the world as per registered players, the popularity of the sport has grown significantly in recent years. Perhaps even more strikingly, however, the approach to the sport has changed, to focus on the achievement of results. The shift in the purpose of women's soccer, from a solely social and recreational activity to an achievement sport, is a result of the increasing links between the local women's soccer systems and the global world of sport. The paper examines an exemplar of South Australia, and in particular the Adelaide metropolitan region. Here, in the last 30 years, women's soccer has evolved from a geography of foundation, defined by informal organisation and localised scope, to a geography of achievement, characterised by an institutionalised focus on the production of players, the introduction of higher‐profile ‘sportscapes’, a broader pattern of clubs distribution, and a new set of connections with global women's soccer. The current geography of achievement links local and global women's soccer scenes. On the other hand, it funnels access to the achievement level of South Australian women's soccer to a limited central area of Adelaide's metropolitan region. The paper also draws attention to the part that social capital, and especially ‘bridging’ social capital, played in enabling the evolution of Adelaide women's soccer. The role of social capital as a contributing element of the development of sporting systems is a topic that deserves further investigation.
Development Imperative, Terrae Incognitae: a Pioneer Soil Scientist 1912–1951
Authors: POWELL J.M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractJames Arthur Prescott was a prominent soil scientist whose career responded to an increasingly complex, recognisably Australian web of interpenetrating spatial scales, served to promote revolutionary global advances in his chosen field, and in the process negotiated the blurred boundaries between ‘pure’ and ‘applied’ research. Encounters with this instructive life suggest that, while resolutions of pivotal anxieties might turn on ineluctably personal qualities, they also reflect a dynamic interplay between international, imperial, national and state contexts. Prescott's innovative contributions to soil science, fruits of a tenaciously consolidated career, influenced resource appraisal and environmental management across a prodigious continental expanse. A sustained focus on local and regional development brought him into contact with a wide range of contemporaries, including pioneering geographers, and culminated in his election to a Fellowship of the Royal Society.