bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrological effects of water reservoirs on hydrological processes in the East River (China) basin: complexity evaluations based on the multi‐scale entropy analysis
Authors: Zhou Yu , Zhang Qiang , Li Kun , Chen Xiaohong 
Published: November 2011

AbstractUsing the multi‐scale entropy analysis (MSE), we study the effects of water reservoirs on the river flow records based on long streamflow series covering January 1, 1954 and December 31, 2009 at four representative hydrological stations, i.e. the Longchuan, the Heyuan, the Lingxia and the Boluo stations. Hydrological effects of two major water reservoirs, the Xinfengjiang and the Fengshuba water reservoirs, are evaluated. The results indicate that: (1) before the construction of the water reservoirs, the complexity of the streamflow series comes to be decreasing from the upper to the lower East River and which should be attributed to the topographical properties and buffering effects of the river channel; (2) construction of water reservoirs greatly increases the complexity degree of the hydrological processes, and this influence is subjected to a damping process with the increase of distance between the water reservoirs and the hydrological stations; (3) power generation is the major function of the water reservoirs in the East River basin. The results of this study should be of theoretical and scientific merits in terms of conservation of the ecological environment and also water resources management under the influences of climate changes and intensifying human activities. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Why Are Biological Systems Homochiral?
Authors: Percec Virgil , Leowanawat Pawaret 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSelf‐assembling and self‐organizable dendrons, dendrimers, and dendronized polymers produce chiral supramolecular architectures that have been developed as biological mimics. Here we review our work on the self‐assembly of homochiral, heterochiral, and racemic dendritic dipeptides, and address one of the most fundamental questions of biological systems: Why are biological systems homochiral and not heterochiral or racemic and, if they were heterochiral or racemic, how would they look and function by comparison with contemporary homochiral biological systems?
Spatiotemporal control over growth factor delivery from collagen‐based membrane
Authors: Li Xuemin , Wang Jianhua , Su Guanghao , Zhou Zhimin , Shi Jiawei , Liu Lingrong , Guan Man , Zhang Qiqing 
Published: November 2011

AbstractExogenous administration of growth factors has been identified as a potential therapeutic approach for healing wounds. A way to enhance the efficacy of growth factors would be to achieve spatiotemporal control over their delivery to desired sites for an extended period. In this study, we designed and prepared a kind of double‐layered collagen membrane, a dense layer and a loose layer, which incorporated basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)‐loaded chitosan‐heparin nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were prepared by polyelectrolyte gelation process and then were sandwiched between the two layers of collagen membrane. The release of model protein human serum albumin (HSA) from the double‐layered membrane was tracked by radio‐label assay, and the bioactivity of the growth factor on fibroblast cell (L929) was evaluated by MTT assay. The release of protein displayed a spatiotemporal control model and its release in undesired direction was lessened. The bFGF maintained the bioactivities after release from the membranes. Moreover, different release amounts of bFGF from the different layers of the membrane induced significant difference in cell proliferation when the cells were seeded on the different layers of membrane in vitro. This kind of double‐layered collagen membrane could have potential applications in the field of tissue repair due to the spatiotemporal control over growth factor delivery, the mild fabrication conditions, and the simple processes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
Xylitol production by Candida tropicalis from corn cob hemicellulose hydrolysate in a two‐stage fed‐batch fermentation process
Authors: Li Minghua , Meng Xiumei , Diao Enjie , Du Fangling 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Xylitol, a sugar alcohol widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries, can be produced through biological reduction of xylose present in hemicellulose hydrolysates by Candida tropicalis. However, the aeration rate and by‐products originating from hemicellulose hydrolysis strongly inhibit the production of xylitol in a fermentation process. A two‐stage fed‐batch fermentation system was developed to reduce these inhibitory effects and to improve xylitol production from corn cob hemicellulose hydrolysates by C. tropicalis.RESULTS: Results of batch fermentations indicated that high xylitol production could be obtained from C. tropicalis at an initial xylose concentration of 80 g L−1 in corn cob hydrolysate medium at an aeration rate of 0.4 vvm at the micro‐aeration stage. In the two‐stage fed‐batch fermentation process, 96.5 g L−1 xylitol was obtained after 120 h, giving a yield of 0.83 g g−1 and a productivity of 1.01 g L−1 h−1, which were 12.16% and 65.57% higher than those in a batch fermentation.CONCLUSION: High xylitol production can be achieved in a two‐stage fed‐batch fermentation process, in which the negative effects of aeration rate and inhibitory compounds on xylitol formation can be considerably reduced. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of feed intake level on ileal digestibilities of crude protein and amino acids in diets for piglets
Authors: Goerke Miriam , Eklund Meike , Sauer Nadja , Rademacher Meike , Piepho Hans‐Peter , Börner Christiane , Mosenthin Rainer 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The study was conducted to determine the effect of graded levels of feed intake on apparent (AID) and standardized (SID) ileal digestibilities of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in diets for piglets. The piglets were surgically fitted with simple T‐cannulas at the distal ileum. The cornstarch–casein–soybean meal‐based diets were fed at three graded levels of feed intake corresponding to 30, 45 and 60 g kg−1 body weight (BW) per day.RESULTS: The AID and SID of most AA were quadratically affected by the feed intake level (P⩽0.05). Initially, both AID and SID of most AA increased up to 1.9 percentage units as the feed intake level was increased from 30 to 45 g kg−1 BW. Thereafter, these AID and SID values decreased by 2.6 and 2.7 percentage units, respectively, as the feed intake level was further increased from 45 to 60 g kg−1 BW.CONCLUSION: Because the voluntary feed intake is highly variable in piglets after weaning, comparison of ileal AA digestibilities between and within studies may be confounded by variations in feed intake level. Thus, when designing digestibility studies with piglets, a standardization of feed intake should be taken into consideration. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Fatty acid composition of Celta pig breed as influenced by sex and location of fat in the carcass
Authors: Lorenzo José M , Montes Rosa , Purriños Laura , Cobas Noemi , Franco Daniel 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The influence of sex and location of fat in the carcass on the fatty acid profile of Celta pigs was studied. Twenty pigs (10 castrated males and 10 females) from the Carballina line were used.RESULTS: The fatty acids composition was predominated by monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA; approximately 48% of total methyl esters), followed by saturated fatty acids (SFA; approximately 40% of total methyl esters) and, finally, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA; approximately 12% of total methyl esters). The sex and location of fat in the carcass showed significant differences in PUFA and SFA content while both factors were not significantly different with respect to MUFA content. Linoleic, linolenic, eicosatrienoic and arachidonic fatty acids showed the largest difference among the three locations (intramuscular, subcutaneous ventral and subcutaneous dorsal) of the fat in the carcass.CONCLUSION: The fatty acid profile that we observed in the fat of the Celta pigs does not differ greatly from those described by other authors in other autochthonous pig breeds. Principal component analysis offered a good separation of the mean samples according to the sex and location of fat of the pigs. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterization of a multilayer film activated with Lactobacillus curvatus CRL705 bacteriocins
Authors: Blanco Massani Mariana , Morando Pedro J , Vignolo Graciela M , Eisenberg Patricia 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria offer enormous promise for food safety preservation. In this study an active multilayer film obtained by the incorporation of lactocin 705 and lactocin AL705, two bacteriocins produced by Lactobacillus curvatus CRL705 with antimicrobial activity against Lactobacillus plantarum CRL691 and Listeria innocua 7, respectively, was characterized for its potential application in active packaging technology. Film activity performance at different storage conditions, bacteriocins transfer into water and sunflower oil, and film surface properties were evaluated.RESULTS: Film activity against L. innocua 7 was maintained during 2, 4 and 6 weeks at 30, 10 and 5 °C respectively. At 30 and 10 °C, activity loss against L. plantarum CRL691 was observed on the second week of storage and after the fourth week at 5 °C. Results showed no significant difference for active multilayer film contact angle and seal properties compared to the control (without bacteriocins). A decrease in lactocin 705 inhibitory activity after sunflower oil contact was observed, while lactocin AL705 remained unaffected. After water contact, film activity was retained for both bacteriocins.CONCLUSIONS: As demonstrated by antimicrobial activity and physico‐mechanical properties retention, lactocin 705 and AL705 active multilayer film present potential for application in active packaging technology. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Perspectives to breed for improved baking quality wheat varieties adapted to organic growing conditions
Authors: Osman Aart M , Struik Paul C , Lammerts van Bueren Edith T 
Published: November 2011

AbstractNorthwestern European consumers like their bread to be voluminous and easy to chew. These attributes require a raw material that is rich in protein with, among other characteristics, a suitable ratio between gliadins and glutenins. Achieving this is a challenge for organic growers, because they lack cultivars that can realise high protein concentrations under the relatively low and variable availability of nitrogen during the grain‐filling phase common in organic farming. Relatively low protein content in wheat grains thus needs to be compensated by a high proportion of high‐quality protein. Organic farming therefore needs cultivars with genes encoding for optimal levels of glutenins and gliadins, a maximum ability for nitrogen uptake, a large storage capacity of nitrogen in the biomass, an adequate balance between vegetative and reproductive growth, a high nitrogen translocation efficiency for the vegetative parts into the grains during grain filling and an efficient conversion of nitrogen into high‐quality proteins. In this perspective paper the options to breed and grow such varieties are discussed. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Polydimethylsiloxane‐functionalized monolithic silica column for reversed‐phase capillary liquid chromatography
Authors: Zhou Qiaoli , Zhang Pengfei , Jia Li 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)‐modified monolithic silica column was prepared for performing reversed‐phase capillary liquid chromatography. The prepared PDMS column has a permeability of 6.4×10−14 m2 with a plate height <9.2 μm. Alkylbenzenes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were well separated with the PDMS stationary phase, which exhibited similar selectivity and separation mechanism to that of octadecyl stationary phase. The hydrophobic interactions between the analytes and the PDMS stationary phase mainly play the roles for the separation of alkylbenzenes and PAHs. The characteristics of the PDMS column for the separation of alkylbenzenes and PAHs demonstrated that it would be a promising alternative to the octadecyl column.
Reduced resolution transit delay prescan for quantitative continuous arterial spin labeling perfusion imaging
Authors: Dai Weiying , Robson Philip M , Shankaranarayanan Ajit , Alsop David C. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractArterial spin labeling perfusion MRI can suffer from artifacts and quantification errors when the time delay between labeling and arrival of labeled blood in the tissue is uncertain. This transit delay is particularly uncertain in broad clinical populations, where reduced or collateral flow may occur. Measurement of transit delay by acquisition of the arterial spin labeling signal at many different time delays typically extends the imaging time and degrades the sensitivity of the resulting perfusion images. Acquisition of transit delay maps at the same spatial resolution as perfusion images may not be necessary, however, because transit delay maps tend to contain little high spatial resolution information. Here, we propose the use of a reduced spatial resolution arterial spin labeling prescan for the rapid measurement of transit delay. Approaches to using the derived transit delay information to optimize and quantify higher resolution continuous arterial spin labeling perfusion images are described. Results in normal volunteers demonstrate heterogeneity of transit delay across different brain regions that lead to quantification errors without the transit maps and demonstrate the feasibility of this approach to perfusion and transit delay quantification. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optically transmitted and inductively coupled electric reference to access in vivo concentrations for quantitative proton‐decoupled 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Xing , Pavan Matteo , Heinzer‐Schweizer Susanne , Boesiger Peter , Henning Anke 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis report describes our efforts on quantification of tissue metabolite concentrations in mM by nuclear Overhauser enhanced and proton decoupled 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy and the Electric Reference To access In vivo Concentrations (ERETIC) method. Previous work showed that a calibrated synthetic magnetic resonance spectroscopy‐like signal transmitted through an optical fiber and inductively coupled into a transmit/receive coil represents a reliable reference standard for in vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy quantification on a clinical platform. In this work, we introduce a related implementation that enables simultaneous proton decoupling and ERETIC‐based metabolite quantification and hence extends the applicability of the ERETIC method to nuclear Overhauser enhanced and proton decoupled in vivo 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In addition, ERETIC signal stability under the influence of simultaneous proton decoupling is investigated. The proposed quantification method was cross‐validated against internal and external reference standards on human skeletal muscle. The ERETIC signal intensity stability was 100.65 ± 4.18% over 3 months including measurements with and without proton decoupling. Glycogen and unsaturated fatty acid concentrations measured with the ERETIC method were in excellent agreement with internal creatine and external phantom reference methods, showing a difference of 1.85 ± 1.21% for glycogen and 1.84 ± 1.00% for unsaturated fatty acid between ERETIC and creatine‐based quantification, whereas the deviations between external reference and creatine‐based quantification are 6.95 ± 9.52% and 3.19 ± 2.60%, respectively. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reduced field of view MRI with rapid, B1‐robust outer volume suppression
Authors: Smith Travis B. , Nayak Krishna S. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractMRI scans are inefficient when the size of the anatomy under investigation is small relative to the subject's full extent. The field of view must be expanded, and acquisition times accordingly prolonged. Shorter scans are feasible with reduced field of view imaging (rFOV) using outer volume suppression (OVS), a magnetization preparation sequence that attenuates signal outside a region of interest (ROI). This work presents a new OVS sequence with a cylindrical ROI, short duration, and improved tolerance for B inhomogeneity. The sequence consists of a nonselective adiabatic tipdown pulse, which provides B‐robust signal suppression, and a fast 2D spiral cylindrical tipback pulse. Analysis of the Bloch equations with transverse initial magnetization reveals a conjugate symmetric constraint for tipback pulses with small flip angles. This property is exploited to achieve two‐shot performance from the single‐shot tipback pulse. The OVS sequence is validated in phantoms and in vivo with multislice spiral imaging at 3 T. The relative signal‐to‐noise ratio efficiency of the proposed sequence was 98% in a phantom and 75–90% in vivo. The effectiveness is demonstrated with cardiovascular rFOV imaging, which exhibits improved resolution and reduced artifacts compared to conventional, full field of view imaging. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In vivo three‐dimensional whole‐brain pulsed steady‐state chemical exchange saturation transfer at 7 T
Authors: Jones Craig K. , Polders Daniel , Hua Jun , Zhu He , Hoogduin Hans J. , Zhou Jinyuan , Luijten Peter , van Zijl Peter C.M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractChemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is a technique to indirectly detect pools of exchangeable protons through the water signal. To increase its applicability to human studies, it is needed to develop sensitive pulse sequences for rapidly acquiring whole‐organ images while adhering to stringent amplifier duty cycle limitations and specific absorption rate restrictions. In addition, the interfering effects of direct water saturation and conventional magnetization transfer contrast complicate CEST quantification and need to be reduced as much as possible. It is shown that for protons exchanging with rates of less than 50–100 Hz, such as imaged in amide proton transfer experiments, these problems can be addressed by using a three‐dimensional steady state pulsed acquisition of limited B1 strength (∼1 μT). Such an approach exploits the fact that the direct water saturation width, magnetization transfer contrast magnitude, and specific absorption rate increase strongly with B1, while the size of the CEST effect for such protons depends minimally on B1. A short repetition time (65 ms) steady‐state sequence consisting of a brief saturation pulse (25 ms) and a segmented echo‐planar imaging train allowed acquisition of a three‐dimensional whole‐brain volume in approximately 11 s per saturation frequency, while remaining well within specific absorption rate and duty cycle limits. Magnetization transfer contrast was strongly reduced, but substantial saturation effects were found at frequencies upfield from water, which still confound the use of magnetization transfer asymmetry analysis. Fortunately, the limited width of the direct water saturation signal could be exploited to fit it with a Lorentzian function allowing CEST quantification. Amide proton transfer effects ranged between 1.5% and 2.5% in selected white and grey matter regions. This power and time‐efficient 3D pulsed CEST acquisition scheme should aid endogenous CEST quantification at both high and low fields. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Elastic fields in two joined transversely isotropic media of infinite extent as a result of rectangular loading
Authors: Xiao H. T. , Yue Z. Q. 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYThis paper presents the closed‐form solutions for the elastic fields in two bonded rocks induced by rectangular loadings. Each of the two bonded rocks behaves as a transversely isotropic linear elastic solid of semi‐infinite extent. They are completely bonded together at a horizontal surface. The rectangular loadings are body forces along either vertical or horizontal directions and are uniformly applied on a rectangular area. The rectangular area is embedded in the two bonded rocks and is parallel to the horizontal interface. The classical integral transforms are used in the solution formulation, and the elastic solutions are expressed in the forms of elementary harmonic functions for the rectangular loadings. The stresses and displacements in the rocks induced by both the horizontal and vertical body forces are also presented. The numerical results illustrate the important effect of the anisotropic bimaterial properties on the stress and displacement fields. The solutions can be easily implemented for numerical calculations and applied to problems encountered in rock mechanics and engineering. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chronic inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation prevents ischaemia‐induced vascular pathology in type II diabetic mice
Authors: Amin Ali , Choi Soo‐kyoung , Galan Maria , Kassan Modar , Partyka Megan , Kadowitz Philip , Henrion Daniel , Trebak Mohamed , Belmadani Souad , Matrougui Khalid 
Published: November 2011

AbstractEndoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammation are important mechanisms that underlie many of the serious consequences of type II diabetes. However, the role of ER stress and inflammation in impaired ischaemia‐induced neovascularization in type II diabetes is unknown. We studied ischaemia‐induced neovascularization in the hind‐limb of 4‐week‐old db − /db− mice and their controls treated with or without the ER stress inhibitor (tauroursodeoxycholic acid, TUDCA, 150 mg/kg per day) and interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (anakinra, 0.5 µg/mouse per day) for 4 weeks. Blood pressure was similar in all groups of mice. Blood glucose, insulin levels, and body weight were reduced in db − /db− mice treated with TUDCA. Increased cholesterol and reduced adiponectin in db − /db− mice were restored by TUDCA and anakinra treatment. ER stress and inflammation in the ischaemic hind‐limb in db − /db− mice were attenuated by TUDCA and anakinra treatment. Ischaemia‐induced neovascularization and blood flow recovery were significantly reduced in db − /db− mice compared to control. Interestingly, neovascularization and blood flow recovery were restored in db − /db− mice treated with TUDCA or anakinra compared to non‐treated db − /db− mice. TUDCA and anakinra enhanced eNOS‐cGMP, VEGFR2, and reduced ERK1/2 MAP‐kinase signalling, while endothelial progenitor cell number was similar in all groups of mice. Our findings demonstrate that the inhibition of ER stress and inflammation prevents impaired ischaemia‐induced neovascularization in type II diabetic mice. Thus, ER stress and inflammation could be potential targets for a novel therapeutic approach to prevent impaired ischaemia‐induced vascular pathology in type II diabetes. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.