bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists and Bronchial Asthma
Authors: JAEGER L. , KROEGEL C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Isoprenoid‐Substituted Flavonoids from Artocarpus Plants (Moraceae)
Authors: NOMURA T. , HANO Y. , AIDA M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: From D‐Arabinose to the Marine Natural Product Eleutherobin
Authors: LINDEL T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Developments in the Pauson—Khand Reaction
Authors: GEIS O. , SCHMALZ H.‐G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Penicillin Acylase in the Industrial Production of β‐Lactam Antibiotics
Authors: BRUGGINK A. , ROOS E. C. , DE VROOM E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: P4O10 in Nucleophilic Processes
Authors: EFREMOV D. A. , ZAVLIN P. M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Poly(ethylene Glycol) and Derivatives as Phase Transfer Catalysts
Authors: TOTTEN G. E. , CLINTON N. A. , MATLOCK P. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis by Colloids
Authors: LEWIS L. N. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Methods of Glycopeptide Assembly and Biological Analysis of Glycopeptide Products
Authors: MELDAL M. , HILAIRE P. M. S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Application of ω‐Epoxyfunctionalized Alkoxysilanes
Authors: SPERVESLAGE G. , STOPPEK‐LANGNER K. , GROBE J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphine Coordination to Silicon Revisited
Authors: MULLER G. , WALDKIRCHER M. , PAPE A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Silsesquioxanes as Crown Ether Analogues
Authors: DITTMAR U. , MARSMANN C. , RIKOWSKI E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemometrics and Its Roots in Physical Organic Chemistry
Authors: WOLD S. , SJOESTROEM M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: How Nature Synthesizes B12 Without Oxygen. Discoveries Along the Ancient, Anaerobic Pathway
Authors: SCOTT A. I. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Synthesis and Biological Signal Transduction
Authors: HINTERDING K. , ALONSO‐DIAZ D. , WALDMANN H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Combinatorial Models and Polarity Control Rules in Heterocyclic Design
Authors: BABAEV E. V. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ein Netz aus H‐Brücken
Authors: Berkessel Albrecht 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNetzwerke aus Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen sind nicht nur für die Aktivität und Selektivität biologischer Katalysatoren entscheidend, sondern beschleunigen auch bei niedermolekularen Organokatalysatoren die Reaktion und bewirken Enantioselektivität.
“Wie ein Regisseur im Theater”
Authors: Zbikowski Frauke 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGerhard Ertl, Chemie‐Nobelpreisträger des Jahres 2007, war nach dem Anruf aus Stockholm sprachlos. Im Interview mit den Nachrichten aus der Chemie berichtet der Otto‐Hahn‐Preisträger über die Entwicklung seiner Forschung. Außerdem verrät er, welche Bedingungen zu wissenschaftlichem Erfolg führen.
Verdienen Sie genug?
Authors: Schmitz Karin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractZum fünften Mal ruft die GDCh ihre in der Industrie tätigen Mitglieder zur Gehaltsumfrage auf. Bitte achten Sie auf den Umschlag mit dem Fragebogen, der diesem Heft der Nachrichten beigelegt ist. Nur wer an der Gehaltsumfrage teilnimmt, erhält im Sommer auch die Broschüre mit den Ergebnissen.
Radar and in situ observations of small cumulus: physical interpretations of radar Bragg scatter
Authors: Baker Brad , Brenguier Jean‐Louis 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRadar observations of small cumulus clouds are compared to predictions of radar measurements based on in situ measurements and the theory of radar back‐scatter. At the wavelengths used, both Rayleigh and Bragg scatter can be important in small cumulus. A theoretical derivation of radar back‐scatter from small cumulus clouds, in which both terms are succinctly derived using a common mathematical model, is presented.For the earliest stages of cumulus clouds, the predictions of Bragg scatter, based on in situ measurements of water‐vapour fluctuations, are in close agreement with radar‐measured Bragg scatter. This suggests that the theory is adequate and our interpretations of the radar observations are correct. These interpretations include identifying regions where entrainment and mixing are ongoing, identifying adiabatic cores, and estimating the Kolmogorov microscale of turbulence.As the small cumulus develop and enter the early collision and coalescence stages, another source of Bragg scatter can become significant. It is argued, via observations, that the additional Bragg scatter comes from anomalous liquid‐water fluctuations. These liquid‐water fluctuations are called ‘anomalous’ because they exceed what would result if liquid water mixed as a passive scalar. The Bragg scatter caused by liquid water may reach effective values of 5‐10 dBZ, for a 3 cm‐wavelength (X‐band) radar, and thus confounds attempts to derive Rayleigh‐scatter values below this level using a dual‐wavelength (X‐ and S‐band) radar system. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
A monotonically‐damping second‐order‐accurate unconditionally‐stable numerical scheme for diffusion
Authors: Wood Nigel , Diamantakis Michail , Staniforth Andrew 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe present a new two‐step temporal discretization of the diffusion equation, which is formally second‐order‐accurate and unconditionally stable. A novel aspect of the scheme is that it is monotonically damping: the damping rate is a monotonically‐increasing function of the diffusion coefficient, independent of the size of the time step, when the diffusion coefficient is independent of the variable being diffused. Furthermore, the damping rate increases without bound as the diffusion coefficient similarly increases. We discuss the nonlinear behaviour of the scheme when the diffusion coefficient is a function of the diffused variable. The scheme is designed to maintain any steady‐state solution. We present examples of the performance of the scheme. © Crown Copyright 2007. Reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variable cirrus shading during CSIP IOP 5. I: Effects on the initiation of convection
Authors: Marsham J. H. , Morcrette C. J. , Browning K. A. , Blyth A. M. , Parker D. J. , Corsmeier U. , Kalthoff N. , Kohler M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObservations from the Convective Storm Initiation Project (CSIP) show that on 29 June 2005 (Intensive Observation Period 5) cirrus patches left over from previous thunderstorms reduced surface sensible and latent heat fluxes in the CSIP area. Large‐eddy model (LEM) simulations, using moving positive surface‐flux anomalies, show that we expect the observed moving gaps in the cirrus cover to significantly aid convective initiation. In these simulations, the timing of the CI is largely determined by the amount of heat added to the boundary layer, but weak convergence at the rear edge of the moving anomalies is also significant.Meteosat and rain‐radar data are combined to determine the position of convective initiation for all 25 trackable showers in the CSIP area. The results are consistent with the LEM simulations, with showers initiating at the rear edge of gaps, at the leading edge of the anvil, or in clear skies, in all but one of the cases. The initiation occurs in relatively clear skies in all but two of the cases, with the exceptions probably linked to orographic effects.For numerical weather prediction, the case highlights the importance of predicting and assimilating cloud cover. The results show that in the absence of stronger forcings, weak forcings, such as from the observed cirrus shading, can determine the precise location and timing of convective initiation. In such cases, since the effects of shading by cirrus anvils from previous convective storms are relatively unpredictable, this is expected to limit the predictability of the convective initiation. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
The impact of cirrus microphysical and macrophysical properties on upwelling far‐infrared spectra
Authors: Baran Anthony J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe potential for exploiting upwelling high‐resolution far‐infrared measurements to obtain information on cirrus microphysical properties is evaluated assuming single‐layer and multiple‐layer cirrus embedded in standard midlatitude winter and tropical atmospheres. The microphysical sensitivity of two high‐resolution spectral regions (606 cm−1–333 cm−1 and 250 cm−1–80 cm−1) to changes in optically thin single‐layer cirrus height, and to perturbing the volume mixing ratio of water vapour of the standard midlatitude winter atmosphere by 30% is studied. It is found that there are spectral ‘windows’ in the far‐infrared which are strongly dependent on ice crystal effective size. In particular, ‘windows’ existing between the wave numbers of about 365 cm−1 to 500 cm−1 and 85 cm−1 to 140 cm−1 demonstrate potential sensitivity to ice crystal effective dimension of up to about 100.0 µm and 50.0 µm, respectively. However, these same spectral windows are also shown to be strongly sensitive to assumptions about the shape of the particle size distribution function and ice crystal geometry. Moreover, sensitivity to ice crystal effective dimension is further shown to be dependent on the location of the cirrus layer within the atmosphere, especially in the spectral region 606 cm−1–333 cm−1. Perturbing the volume mixing ratio of water vapour by 30% has its largest impact on the cirrus layer located higher in the atmosphere. In this case the sensitivity to the smallest ice crystal effective dimension of about 8.0 µm is essentially removed and the sensitivity to the largest ice crystal effective dimension of about 100 µm is significantly reduced in the spectral region of 606 cm−1–333 cm−1. Therefore, in order to retrieve cirrus microphysical properties in the far‐infrared, prior information on ice crystal geometry and shape of the distribution function is required. Moreover, the volume mixing ratio of water vapour should be measured to within an accuracy of better than 30%. It is further demonstrated that for selected wave numbers in the far‐infrared, assuming a three‐layer cloud, there is also some dependence on the vertical structure of the atmosphere as well as the vertical profile of ice crystal effective size. © Crown Copyright 2007. Reproduced with the permission of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Field identification of a unique globally dominant mechanism of thunderstorm electrification
Authors: Latham J. , Petersen W. A. , Deierling W. , Christian H. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTwo wholly distinct studies involving TRMM‐satellite global data were conducted. One involved the relationship between lightning frequency f and brightness temperature, the other between f and ice‐water‐path. Both studies demonstrate that globally valid relationships exist between f and thundercloud ice‐precipitation content, from which it follows that graupel pellets play a crucial role in thundercloud charging. Ground‐based field studies provide further support for this conclusion and show that f is also strongly dependent upon the ice crystal content. All these findings are consistent with the non‐inductive charging mechanism, but not with any other proposed mechanism of thunderstorm electrification. We conclude that the non‐inductive mechanism dominates electric field growth and lightning production in all seasons–for both oceanic and terrestrial thunderstorms–on a global scale. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
The value of observations. III: Influence of weather regimes on targeting
Authors: Cardinali Carla , Buizza Roberto , Kelly Graeme , Shapiro Melvyn , Thépaut Jean‐Noël 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper assesses the value of targeted observations over the North Atlantic Ocean for different meteorological flow regimes. It shows that during tropical cyclone activity and particularly tropical cyclone transition to extratropical characteristics, removing observations in sensitive regions, indicated by singular vectors optimized on the 2‐day forecast over Europe, degrades the skill of a given forecast more so than excluding observations in randomly selected regions. The maximum downstream degradation computed in terms of spatially and temporally averaged root‐mean‐square error of 500 hPa geopotential height is about 13%, a value which is 6 times larger than when removing observations in randomly selected areas. The forecast impact for these selected periods, resulting from degrading the observational coverage in sensitive areas, was similar to the impact found (elsewhere in other weather forecast systems) for the observational targeting campaigns carried out over recent years, and it was larger than the average impact obtained by considering a larger set of cases covering various seasons. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Small‐scale variability of orographic precipitation in the Alps: Case studies and semi‐idealized numerical simulations
Authors: Zängl G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis study presents high‐resolution numerical simulations in order to investigate the small‐scale precipitation variability in a north Alpine region with an extraordinarily high density of operational rain‐gauge stations. Some of the simulations have been conducted with realistic analysis data, considering two heavy‐precipitation cases that occurred in July and August 2005. Both cases were related to cyclonic northeasterly flow and exhibited a small‐scale precipitation distribution differing substantially from the climatological mean. Most notably, a station lying on the southwestern flank of a major mountain massif recorded precipitation amounts far exceeding all surrounding stations in both cases, although its precipitation climatology does not show outstanding values. Despite some quantitative differences, all real‐case simulations exhibit a precipitation pattern consistent with the observed one. They indicate that the small‐scale precipitation variability, including the unusual local maximum, was dominated by the classical seeder–feeder mechanism combined with downstream drift of the precipitation hydrometeors.In addition, a large number of semi‐idealized simulations have been performed, combining realistic topography with synthetic large‐scale flow conditions. Their main purpose is a systematic investigation of the factors controlling the structure and amplitude of the small‐scale precipitation variability. It is found that the ambient wind direction has the largest impact on the small‐scale precipitation patterns. Selecting a 700 hPa wind direction that differs by about 60° from the actual one yields a precipitation pattern that is completely uncorrelated with the observed data. The pattern correlation with the observed data is also degraded when the ambient wind speed is moved away from its real value, but the impact is not as large as for the wind direction. A less systematic impact is found for temperature, or freezing level, but the most realistic precipitation pattern is still obtained when the specified values approximately match those observed in the real cases. Interestingly, when choosing large‐scale flow conditions that approximately match the real ones, the pattern correlation with the observed rain‐gauge data becomes in both cases at least as high as for the best real‐case simulation. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Multiple lightning strokes
Authors: Allibone T. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn analysis is given of 19 consecutive photographs of lightning taken during a storm on July 11, 1941, in Cheshire. The camera was oscillated by hand during the whole of the storm in order to separate the component strokes of each flash. The average number of strokes per flash was found to be nearly four, and more than 90 per cent of all the flashes were composed of two or more strokes. The results are compared with those obtained elsewhere by different technique.
An enquiry into the possibilities and limits of statistical weather forecasting
Authors: Schumann T. E. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThere are three methods of approach to the problem of weather forecasting:–‐(a) the physical method; (b) the statistical method; and (c) the current method which in effect is a combination of the first two methods.The physical or strictly mathematical method has been tried, notably by L. F. Richardson, but has been found to be impracticable. Everyone is acquainted with the degree of success achieved by the current method, but the possibilities and limitations of the statistical approach to the problem have never been fully investigated, and it is a matter of considerable importance that this should be done.The statistical method essentially amounts to the prediction of the weather element P at a station A by means of the regression equation magnified image in which x1 are the values of a number of weather elements observed at the control stations B1 ……. Bn a specified time before P is observed, and the regression coefficients k1…. kn are computed from previous records of the weather elements P, x1…… xn. The reliability of the predicted value of P depends upon the numerical value of the multiple correlation coefficient between P and x1…. xn, and there exists a limiting maximum value Mz of this correlation coefficient. By the suitable selection of a limited number of control stations this maximum value can be ascertained to a very close degree of approximation. Research should be directed towards determining the value of Mz for different values of the time lapse z, over which the prediction is made.Once the value of Mz has been found, there is available a direct method of judging between the relative merits of statistical and current weather prediction.A considerable amount of labour is involved in the full investigation of the nature of the function Mz, but several considerations show that such labour would be fully warranted.