bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Implications from Agricultural Taskscapes in the Southwestern Amazon
Authors: Walker John H. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAcross the Americas, but particularly in the Amazon Basin, precolumbian farmers invested their labor in features such as canals, causeways, and raised fields, creating agricultural landscapes. These landscapes required organized action in order to build and maintain them. Such actions can be usefully described as "tasks" to draw specific connections between communal work and landscape features (Ingold 1993). Using two parallel examples from the precolumbian Bolivian Amazon, this article presents landscape features as correlates of the variety and scale of tasks that compose the processes of creating and managing them. Data come from remote sensing and pedestrian survey. The execution of some tasks affects the execution of others, meaning that landscapes are the result of overlapping, interdependent communal tasks. This taskscape perspective allows landscapes to be compared with greater precision and shows that details of local spatial and task organization are important to understanding agricultural change. The comparison of two taskscapes reveals details of daily life and intensive agriculture that are obscured by the classification of societies as states or chiefdoms.
Montículos, jerarquía social y horticultura en las sociedades indígenas del Delta Del Río Paraná (Argentina)
Authors: Bonomo Mariano , Politis Gustavo , Gianotti Camila 
Published: April 2012

ResumenEn las últimas dos décadas se ha producido un incremento notable de la información arqueológica sobre las Tierras Bajas sudamericanas. No obstante, el mapa arqueológico de este área sigue contando con algunos vacíos importantes para conocer las particularidades del registro en cada región específica y muchas regiones están aún poco estudiadas. Uno de estos vacíos corresponde al Delta del río Paraná, que en los últimos años ha empezado a ser objeto de investigaciones sistemáticas. En este artículo se realiza una revisión crítica del estado actual de las investigaciones en el Delta del Paraná y se sintetiza la evidencia obtenida en las nuevas investigaciones efectuadas por los autores en el Delta Superior. Se discuten además los patrones de uso del espacio deltaico durante el Holoceno Tardío. En este contexto, se aborda el desarrollo de la arquitectura en tierra en el marco de una perspectiva suprarregional y comparada, integrando en la discusión otros casos de áreas vecinas (Uruguay y sur de Brasil) en los que la ocupación intensiva de tierras bajas condujo a la construcción de montículos (localmente denominados cerritos). Finalmente se exploran las evidencias arqueológicas e históricas que sugieren cierto grado de desigualdad social entre las poblaciones humanas del Delta del Paraná.
Analisis de morfometría geométrica en puntas cola de pescado del Uruguay
Authors: Castiñeira Carola , Cardillo Marcelo , Charlin Judith , Baeza Jorge 
Published: April 2012

ResumenLas puntas de proyectil Cola de Pescado o tipo Fell I son comúnmente asociadas con las poblaciones que habitaron Sudamérica durante el Pleistoceno Tardío - Holoceno Temprano. La mayoría de estas puntas han sido recuperadas en la región pampeana argentina, Uruguay, Chile central y Patagonia meridional. Se definen por poseer limbo convexo, hombros redondeados, pedúnculo de bordes levemente cóncavos, base cóncava y en algunos casos acanaladura en una o ambas caras del pedúnculo. La presencia de acanaladura y su asignación cronológica han sido propuestas como evidencias para sustentar el vínculo cultural con las puntas tempranas de Norteamérica. Con el objetivo de explorar cuantitativamente las variaciones en forma y tamaño, se aplicaron técnicas de morfometría geométrica a una muestra de 24 puntas recuperadas en Uruguay. Las variaciones morfológicas fueron contrastadas con atributos métricos, procedencia geográfica y tipo de materia prima lítica. Los resultados no sugieren relaciones entre las variables morfológicas, procedencia y tipo de materia prima. Sin embargo, se observa una correlación significativa entre forma y tamaño, lo cual indica una relación alométrica. Finalmente, se discuten los resultados en términos de diseño e historia de vida de los artefactos y sus relaciones con la tecnología de los cazadores-recolectores del Pleistoceno Tardío-Holoceno Temprano.
Effect of body mass index on mortality and clinical status in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Wolfe Frederick , Michaud Kaleb 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo study the relative risk (RR) of all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) associated with body mass index (BMI), and to quantify the clinical and outcome consequences of abnormal BMI.MethodsWe studied mortality in 24,535 patients over 12.3 years, dividing patients into 3 age groups, <50, 50–70, and >70 years and fit Cox regression models separately within each age stratum. We used BMI categories of <18.5 kg/m2 (underweight), 18.5 to <25 kg/m2 (normal weight, reference category), 25 to <30 kg/m2 (overweight), and ≥30 kg/m2 (obesity).ResultsBMI ≥30 kg/m2 was seen in 63–68% and underweight in ∼2%. Reduction in the RR (95% confidence interval [95% CI]) for all‐cause (AC) and cardiovascular mortality was seen for overweight (AC 0.8 [95% CI 0.8, 0.9]) and obese groups (AC 0.8 [95% CI 0.7, 0.8]), with and without comorbidity adjustment. Underweight was associated with increased mortality risk (AC 1.9 [95% CI 1.7, 2.3]). By contrast, obesity produced profound changes in clinical variables. Compared with normal weight, the odds ratio in the obese group was 4.8 for diabetes mellitus, 3.4 for hypertension, 1.3 for myocardial infarction, 1.4 for joint replacement, and 1.9 for work disability. Total semiannual direct medical costs were $1,683 greater, annual household income $6,481 less, pain scores 1.1 units higher, Health Assessment Questionnaire 0.28 higher, and EuroQol utility 0.7 units lower in the obese.ConclusionOverweight and obesity reduce the RR of all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality across different age groups and durations of RA. By contrast, overweight and obesity are associated with substantial increased risks of comorbidity, total joint replacement, greater pain, medical costs, and decreased quality of life.
Obesity and the prediction of minimal disease activity: A prospective study in psoriatic arthritis
Authors: di Minno Matteo Nicola Dario , Peluso Rosario , Iervolino Salvatore , Lupoli Roberta , Russolillo Anna , Scarpa Raffaele , di Minno Giovanni 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectiveWe prospectively evaluated whether obesity impacts achievement of minimal disease activity (MDA) in subjects with psoriatic arthritis (PsA).MethodsAmong PsA subjects with an active disease and who were starting a treatment with tumor necrosis factor α blockers, 135 obese (body mass index [BMI] >30 kg/m2) patients and 135 patients of normal weight (controls) were followed up for 24 months. At baseline and at the 12‐ and 24‐month followup, all subjects underwent a clinical, rheumatologic, and laboratory assessment.ResultsWith the exception of the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, case and control subjects were similar for all the clinical and demographic characteristics analyzed. At the 12‐month followup, in both cases and controls, no significant changes in body weight were found (P > 0.05 for all). MDA was achieved by 98 (36.3%) of the 270 PsA individuals. The prevalence of obesity was higher in those that did not achieve MDA than in those that did (64.0% versus 25.5%; P < 0.001). After adjusting for all the other variables, obesity was associated with a higher risk of not achieving MDA (hazard ratio [HR] 4.90, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 3.04–7.87; P < 0.001). The HR of not achieving MDA was 3.98 (95% CI 1.96–8.06, P < 0.001) and 5.40 (95% CI 3.09–9.43, P < 0.001) in subjects with first‐degree (BMI <30 kg/m2) and second‐degree (BMI 30–35 kg/m2) obesity, respectively. Among the 98 subjects who had achieved MDA at the 12‐month followup, the presence of obesity was associated with a poor probability of sustained MDA at the 24‐month followup (HR 2.04, 95% CI 1.015–3.61; P = 0.014).ConclusionObesity is a negative predictor of achieving and maintaining MDA.
Simplified Large‐Area Manufacturing of Organic Electrochemical Transistors Combining Printing and a Self‐Aligning Laser Ablation Step
Authors: Blaudeck Thomas , Ersman Peter Andersson , Sandberg Mats , Heinz Sebastian , Laiho Ari , Liu Jiang , Engquist Isak , Berggren Magnus , Baumann Reinhard R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA hybrid manufacturing approach for organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) on flexible substrates is reported. The technology is based on conventional and digital printing (screen and inkjet printing), laser processing, and post‐press technologies. A careful selection of the conductive, dielectric, and semiconductor materials with respect to their optical properties enables a self‐aligning pattern formation which results in a significant reduction of the usual registration problems during manufacturing. For the prototype OECTs, based on this technology, on/off ratios up to 600 and switching times of 100 milliseconds at gate voltages in the range of 1 V were obtained.
Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy Study of a Pt/TiO2 Catalyst Model Placed in an Atmospheric Pressure of N2 Environment
Authors: Kokawa Ryohei , Ohta Masahiro , Sasahara Akira , Onishi Hiroshi 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA catalyst model comprising platinum nanoparticles deposited on a TiO2(110) wafer was prepared in a vacuum, transferred in air, and characterized with a Kelvin probe force microscope placed in a N2 environment. The topography and local work function of individual nanoparticles were observed with single‐nanometer resolution in the N2 environment of one atmosphere pressure. Some nanoparticle presented positive shifts of work function relative to that of the TiO2 surface, while the others showed negative shifts. This finding suggests heterogeneous properties of the nanoparticles exposed to air and then N2. The ability of the advanced microscope was demonstrated in observing the work function of metal nanoparticles on a metal oxide support even in the presence of vapor environments.
Pharmacologic treatment of hyperthyroidism during pregnancy
Authors: Cassina Matteo , Donà Marta , Di Gianantonio Elena , Clementi Maurizio 
Published: April 2012

AbstractClinical hyperthyroidism has been associated with an increased risk of maternal, fetal, and neonatal complications. The available antithyroid drugs are methimazole/carbimazole and propylthiouracil. Several case reports and some epidemiologic studies suggest that methimazole/carbimazole exposure during the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of congenital malformations, including ectodermal anomalies, choanal atresia, esophageal atresia, and omphalocele. However, the absolute risk appears to be very small, and it remains unclear whether the association is driven by the maternal disease, the medication, or the combination of both factors. Propylthiouracil exposure has not been associated with an increased risk of congenital malformations and is the recommended drug during the first trimester of pregnancy. Since propylthiouracil‐induced hepatotoxicity has been reported in approximately 0.1% of exposed adults and the number of case‐reports of severe liver injury is increasing, treatment with low dose methimazole during the second and third trimesters should be considered. Until now, there has been no evidence that children prenatally exposed to methimazole/carbimazole or propylthiouracil have an increased risk of neurodevelopmental delay. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 94:612–619, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structural changes and relaxations monitored by luminescence
Authors: Wang Y , Yang B , Townsend PD 
Published: April 2012

AbstractLuminescence data have often been used to study imperfections and to characterize lattice distortions because the signals are sensitive to changes of structure and composition. Previous studies have included intentionally added probe ions such as rare earth ions to sense distortions in local crystal fields caused by modified structural environments. An under‐exploited extension of this approach was to use luminescence to monitor crystalline phase changes. A current overview of this new and powerful technique shows that continuous scanning of the sample temperatures immediately offered at least three types of signatures for phase transitions. Because of high sensitivity, luminescence signals were equally responsive to structural changes from inclusions and nanoparticles. These coupled to the host material via long‐range interactions and modified the host signals. Two frequently observed examples that are normally overlooked are from nanoparticle inclusions of water and CO2. Examples also indicated that phase transitions were detected in more diverse materials such as superconductors and fullerenes. Finally, luminescence studies have shown that in some crystalline examples, high dose ion implantation of surface layers could induce relaxations and/or structural changes of the entire underlying bulk material. This was an unexpected result and therefore such a possibility has not previously been explored. However, the implications for ion implication are significant and could be far more general than the examples mentioned here. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using the project‐based learning approach for incorporating an FPGA‐based integrated hardware/software tool for implementing and evaluating image processing algorithms into graduate level courses
Authors: Guzmán‐Ramírez E. , Garcia I. A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractVisual information plays an important role in almost all areas of our life. Today, much of this information is represented and processed digitally. Digital image processing is any form of signal processing for which the input is an image, such as a photograph or video frame; the output of image processing may be either an image or a set of characteristics or parameters related to the image. In this context, implementation and evaluation of image processing algorithms are complex tasks that require highly technical and multidisciplinary skills. Graduate students are required to develop both practical and theoretical exercises to understand how an algorithm works; however, they have to learn in an individual manner without adequate support. This article presents an innovative Project‐Based Learning approach to teach image processing algorithms using an FPGA‐based tool as the main support. Thus, instead of learning heavy programming tasks and mathematical functions, students are led step by step through five phases and then allowed to experiment with different algorithms. This article evaluates the proposed tool and shows results with diverse algorithms. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 21:E73–E88, 2013
Incidence of definite stent thrombosis or in‐stent restenosis after drug‐eluting stent implantation for treatment of coronary in‐stent restenosis: From Western Denmark heart registry
Authors: Jensen Jesper Khedri , Jensen Lisette Okkels , Terkelsen Christian Juhl , Lassen Jens Flensted , Tilsted Hans Henrik , Hansen Knud Noerregaard , Maeng Michael , Thuesen Leif , Thayssen Per 
Published: April 2012

BackgroundThere are limited data on the optimal management of in‐stent restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with bare metal stent (BMS) or drug‐eluting stent (DES) implantations. We assessed the clinical presentation, the incidence, and prognosis of definite stent thrombosis or restenosis after DES implantation for treatment of restenosis.MethodsFrom January 2002 to June 2005, all consecutive patients with restenosis < 12 months after index PCI with DES or BMS implantation, were identified in the population‐based Western Denmark Heart Registry. Patients were followed until 24 months after their first restenosis.ResultsA total of 589 lesions were treated for clinically driven restenosis with target lesion revascularization (TLR) within 12 months after the index PCI. Among those, 302 lesions were treated with DES (BMS‐restenosis n = 244 and DES‐restenosis n = 58). Admission were due to stable angina pectoris (n = 249 (82.4%)), unstable angina pectoris (n = 34 (11.3%)), or non‐ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (n = 19 (6.3%)). The clinical indication was not different between patients with BMS restenosis compared to DES restenosis. In the BMS restenosis group, older age, longer lesion, longer stent length, and a higher number of stents used was observed compared to the DES restenosis group. After a first restenosis, clinically driven re‐TLR was seen in 26 (8.6%) patients within the following 24 months, stent thrombosis (median duration 155 days, interquartile range (IQR) 9–627 days) was seen in 3 lesions (1.0%), and secondary restenosis (median duration 168 days, IQR 88–266 days) was seen in 23 (7.6%) [DES restenosis group 6.9% vs. BMS restenosis group 7.8%, P = 0.818] lesions.ConclusionThe clinical presentation did not differ between BMS or DES and most patients present with stable angina pectoris. Risk of stent thrombosis or restenosis was not increased in patients with DES restenosis compared to patients with BMS restenosis treated with DES. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design of Monitoring and Sensor Systems for Bioprocesses by Biomechatronic Methodology
Authors: Mandenius C.‐F. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBiomechatronic design methodology is discussed for the design of monitoring and sensor systems for biotechnological processes. The bioprocess monitoring systems are examples of complex biomechatronic systems between electronic, mechanical, and biological subsystems, and where in particular the biological parts, through active microbial or cellular components, influence the design solutions in a complex manner. The biomechatronic approach facilitates configuration of the monitoring and sensor systems with production and quality needs in focus, and can by that lead to more efficient design solutions.
Efficient Chemo‐Enzymatic Epoxidation Using silcoat‐Novozym®435: Characterizing the Multiphase System
Authors: Bhattacharya S. , Drews A. , Lyagin E. , Kraume M. , Ansorge‐Schumacher M. B. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSilicone composites of Novozym®435 (silcoat‐NZ435) demonstrate improved leaching and mechanical stability compared to native Novozym®435 (NZ435). Here, the application scope of this novel enzyme preparation has been broadened significantly by the transfer from single‐phase esterification to a complex chemo‐enzymatic epoxidation reaction in a three‐phase system. The reaction gave up to 80 % yields with almost 100 % selectivity in 50 h when operated in the absence of mass transfer limitations. Characterization of the system revealed that octanoic acid inhibited the reaction at concentrations around 6 M. The silcoat‐NZ435 catalyst could be reused over five days with less than 50 % loss in activity when 5 M H2O2 was present. H2O2 was also identified as the component which deactivates the enzyme at high concentration (17.5 M) demanding spatial separation of the silcoat‐NZ435 for optimal operation.
Predicting Crystal Morphology Grown from Solution
Authors: Schmidt C. , Ulrich J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe crystal growth process is modeled considering the concentration of solvent and solute in the solution. Molecular dynamics (MD) is performed to model the solvent effect on crystal morphology. Molecular modeling is used as tool to estimate the face growth rates of a crystal. Investigations on the liquid phase (solution), the phase separation, and the resulting solid phase (crystal) are conducted. The commercial software Materials Studio 4.0 is applied to build a layered system consisting of solution (liquid phase) and crystal surface (solid phase). The data allow predicting the crystal morphology in the presence of a solvent. The achieved predictions are in good agreement with experimental results, here presented for benzoic acid.
Enantioselective Crystallization Exploiting the Shift of Eutectic Compositions in Solid‐Liquid Phase Diagrams
Authors: Le Minh T. , Lorenz H. , Seidel‐Morgenstern A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractTernary solubility data of the chiral 3‐chloromandelic acid (3ClMA) system are estimated for different solvents from binary solubility data using the non‐random two‐liquid (NRTL) model and compared to experimental data. The parameters of the NRTL model are determined by minimizing an objective function based on the difference between experimental and calculated temperatures corresponding to saturation concentrations. The results reveal that, for this system, the heterochiral interactions between the enantiomers can be considered as ideal in a wide temperature range. The ternary solubility phase diagrams are also described well by the NRTL model and predict eutectic compositions close to the enantiomer axes. Based on known ternary phase diagrams, enantiomer purification is performed experimentally, exploiting the identified shift of the characteristic eutectic compositions in the ternary phase diagram of chiral 3ClMA in different solvents.
[TeX3]+ Cations Stabilized by the Weakly Coordinating [Al(ORF)4]− Anion: FIR Spectra, Raman Spectra, and Evaluation of an Abnormal Halogen Dependence of the 125Te NMR Chemical Shifts
Authors: Engesser Tobias A. , Hrobárik Peter , Trapp Nils , Eiden Philipp , Scherer Harald , Kaupp Martin , Krossing Ingo 
Published: April 2012

AbstractTeX3[Al(ORF)4] (X=Cl, Br, I; RF=C(CF3)3) were synthesized by the reaction of Ag[Al(ORF)4] and TeX4 or the reaction of AuX, Ag[Al(ORF)4], and elemental tellurium in liquid SO2. The compounds were characterized by 125Te NMR in solution and by X‐ray diffraction, Raman, and IR spectroscopy in the solid state. The vibrational spectra and the crystal structure show very weak secondary interactions, indicating “pseudo gas phase conditions” in the condensed phase. The observed trend of the 125Te NMR chemical shifts along the [TeX3]+ series follows neither the monotonous decrease known as “normal halogen dependence” nor the increase known as “inverse halogen dependence”. By relativistic two‐component calculations based on the ZORA approach, we find that this “abnormal halogen dependence” results from an interplay of relativistic and solvent effects, where non‐negligible scalar relativistic effects and intermediate‐sized spin‐orbit effects compensate to some extent. The reasons for these trends are evaluated in the context of the Te s‐orbital character of the TeX bonds and compared with the halogen dependence(s) within the isoelectronic [SeX3]+ and PX3 series and related trihalomethyl [CX3]+ cations.
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry of Heavy Metals on a Metal Catalyst Free Carbon Nanotube Electrode
Authors: Yue Wei , Riehl Bill L. , Pantelic Nebojsa , Schlueter Kevin T. , Johnson Jay M. , Wilson Robert A. , Guo Xuefei , King Edward E. , Heineman William R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAnodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) determination of Pb2+, Cd2+, and Zn2+ was done using metal catalyst free carbon nanotube (MCFCN) electrodes. Osteryoung square wave stripping voltammetry (OSWSV) was selected for detection. The MCFCNTs are synthesized via Carbo Thermal Carbide Conversion method which leads to residual transition metal free in the CNT structure. The new material shows very good results in detecting heavy metal ions, such as Pb2+, Cd2+, and Zn2+. The calculated limits of detection were 13 nM, 32 nM and 50 nM for Pb2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+, respectively with a deposition time of 150 s.