bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional Study of Epidote, Mica, and Albite Fabrics of the Moines
Authors: Crampton C. B. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe great majority of Moine lineations are mica structures, and together with a parallel preferred orientation of epidote [010]-axes, are directed mainly into the south-east quadrant. This orientation is retained within the crush zone alongside the Moine Thrust. The regional preferred orientation of muscovite [100]-axes and [001]-axes is consistent with north-east and south-west movements except within the crush zone where fabric reorientation suggests movements normal to this direction. The growth of albite textures and fabric is intimately associated with thrust plane movements, the preferred orientation of albite suggesting a south-east and north-west vertical plane of deformation.
The Clinopyroxenes of a Differentiated Teschenite Sill Near Gunnedah, New South Wales
Authors: Wilkinson J. F. G. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractOptical and chemical data are presented on the clinopyroxenes (titaniferous salites) from a differentiated teschenite sill. The range of clinopyroxene composition is close to the limits, Ca49Mg37Fe14to Ca47Mg33Fe20. Attention is directed to the clinopyroxene compositions and zoning in their relation to the parent rocks and associated minerals.
The Pattern of Some Pacific Island Chains
Authors: Chubb L. J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn certain Pacific island chains, characterized by feldspathoids in their volcanic rocks, the arrangement of the different types of islands conforms to a pattern which suggests that yulcanicity began at one end and moved progressively along the chain, erecting a series of volcanoes, each of which passed through a succession of stages, ending as an atoll. The origin of coral reefs is discussed in the light of these observations.
Permian Rocks of the Midlands
Authors: Boulton W. S. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDuring the Permian the time involved in orogeny, erosion and deposition of continental and marine deposits, and the evolution of its characteristic faunas and floras, is comparable with that of other established Systems. The Permian in the Midlands has been for many years officially classed with the Carboniferous or Trias, in some cases with a query, separated by a great unconformity. It is now urged that it should be separately represented, and include all the deposits in the Midlands from the base of the Enville Beds to the top of the “Dune Sandstone”, now called Lower Mottled Sandstone of the Trias.
Geology of the Glen Tromie Hydro-electric Tunnels, Inverness-shire
Authors: Anderson J. G. C. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTunnels constructed in connection with hydro-electric development near the head of Glen Tromie cut Moinian granulites and semi-pelitic schists penetrated by pegmatites and by quartz-porphyry and felsite sills. Deep and very extensive deposits of glacial drift are also present. A remarkable feature of the latter is the presence of hollow chambers well below the surface which are interpreted as partially collapsed moulds of buried blocks of ice.
A Note on the Development of Large Garnets in Sutherland Migmatites
Authors: Charlu T. G. K. , Read H. H. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn the outer zone of the Sutherland Migmatite Complex, four-inch garnets are developed in “veins” in garnetiferous rocks which, adjacent to the “veins”, are devoid of garnet. The redistribution of material has been brought about by activity along certain privileged paths. Comparison is made with the gigantic 3-ft. garnets of the Adirondacks.
The Sequence of Microspore Assemblages Associated with the Occurrence of Crassidurite in Coal Seams of Yorkshire
Authors: Smith A. H. V. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAn investigation of the sequence of microspores vertically within a number of seams containing horizons of crassidurite has revealed a succession of three distinct phases, each characterized in the main by the dominance of one of the three genera Lycospora, Laevigato-sporites, and Densosporites, The succession begins with the Lycospore phase and culminates in the crassidurite with the Densospore phase. The significance of this succession in relation to the formation of crassidurite and the provenance of Densospores is discussed.
The Glen Dessarry Marble and its Associated Calc-Silicate Rocks.
Authors: Harry W. T. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWhite marble in Glen Dessarry, West Highlands of Scotland, occurs as three lenses associated with schists and calc-silicate rocks. The minerals identified in all these rocks are apatite, biotite, calcite, chondrodite, clinochlore, clinozoisite, diopsidic-pyroxene, dolomite, epidote, forsterite, garnet, hornblende, magnetite, phlogopite, plagioclase, potash-feldspar, pyrites, quartz, scapolite, sillimanite, sphene, vesuvianite, zoisite.Two parageneses may be distinguished. One, due to high-grade regional metamorphism, apparently with little or no introduction of material, is a diopsidic-pyroxene, forsterite, phlogopite, calcite, dolomite association forming white marble. The other association occurs as veinlets and small irregular bodies in the white marble. It appears to be due to circulating solutions in which pyroxene and forsterite were unstable. Minerals of this paragenesis include potash-feldspar, plagioclase, scapolite, hornblende, minerals of the epidote group, calcite, and quartz. In certain localities scapolite formed at the expense of plagioclase and was succeeded by crystallization of epidote.
The Denbigh Grits; Wenlock Greywackes in Wales
Authors: Cummins W. A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe petrography of the greywackes is described, with special emphasis on rock and mineral grains indicative of provenance. Sedimentary structures are discussed, and current directions based on flute cast measurements are recorded. The stratigraphy and palaeontology of the Denbigh Grits, and the facies of other parts of the Wenlock in the Welsh area are also considered. It is concluded that the greywackes were derived from an area of Pre-Cambrian rocks near south-west Wales and that they were transported along the axes of subsiding troughs by turbidity currents.
An Outline of the Structure of the Galway Granite
Authors: Burke Kevin 
Published: May 2009

AbstractRemapping of parts of the Galway granite has shown that over most of its outcrop it is a homogeneous adamellite. A steeply dipping belt of basic rocks borders the intrusion on the north where there is a reaction zone between adamellite and basic rock. A similar but gently dipping belt of basic rocks overlies the granite to the west. In the south, where there is no reaction zone, the granite intrudes and hornfelses a group of pillow lavas, greywackes, and conglomerates. The structural features of the northern border indicate that the granite has been emplaced as a diapir and radial fractures in the north-east border further indicate that the granite and its basic envelope moved upward and outward together into the Connemara schists.
On Rhythms in the History of the Earth
Authors: Umbgrove J. H. F. 
Published: May 2009

Two publications by Grabau, which will be treated in the following pages, have led to the ensuing considerations.In his opinion world-wide advance and retreat of the sea are simply explained by vertical movements of the sea-level. About the possible cause of these movements he makes some very brief remarks, as we shall see later. It is, however, quite possible that the explanation must be sought in simultaneous but opposed movement of continents and sea-level. In trying to obtain an insight into the cause of these movements, rhythms of an entirely different sort come up for discussion, viz. phases of diastrophism and magmatic cycles. And then a further question presents itself: can these different phenomena be connected, and thus give an insight into certain rhythmical processes in the deeper parts of the earth ? I, personally, am convinced that we must answer this question in the affirmative. Stille, Joly, Holmes, and Bucher have reached a similar conclusion by different ways. Meanwhile, the following pages are only intended to shed some light on the different aspects of the problem, and I shall restrict myself to outlining the questions that demand further study.
New Lower Ordovician Brachiopods from the Llandeilo-Llangadock District
Authors: Williams Alwyn 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe following systematic account of new Lower Ordovician Brachiopods has been divided into two sections. Part I includes descriptions of a new species and variety of Resserella, two new Dalmanellas, and two new Horderleyellas, and some notes on the value of B. B. Bancroft's methods of separating Dalmanellid species and genera. In Part II two new species and a new variety of Hesperorthis, Rostricellula, and Sowerbyella respectively are recorded; an investigation of Orthis turgida McCoy shows that forms referred to this species belong either to Corineorthis, two new species of which are described, or Paurorthis.
Classification and Phylogeny of the Tetrapods
Authors: von Huene Baron Friedrich 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPrimary divisions of the lower tetrapods are believed to be expressed in the structure of the vertebrae, which represent an earlier formation embryologically than the skull. On this and other grounds the Urodeles are referred to an isolated group, the Urodelomorpha. Already in the embolomerous forms of the Carboniferous is seen the cleavage into Loxembolomeri (Batrachomorpha) and Anthrembolomeri; from the Anthrembolomeri again are derived the Diadectomorphs (Reptiliomorpha) and the Captorhinomorphs, the latter the ancestors of the Theromorphs (including Mammalia), the Archosauromorphs and the Neosauromorphs. From Triassic times onwards active evolution and the production of new types becomes progressively restricted, with the principal exception of the several Theromorph lines by which it is transmitted to the Mammalia and finally Man.
The Yorkshire Dogger
Authors: Rastall R. H. , Hemingway J. E. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe Lias-Oolite junction in Rosedale and Farndale is defined. The underlying Lias is folded into a pre-Oolite complex of shallow Caledonoid folds, wherein are preserved about 55 square miles of Yeoyilian strata in the Cleveland region. The Rosedale East and Sheriff's Pit ironstones, now exhausted, are included on field evidence with the Yeovilian and not the Dogger. They occur in the troughs of two structural basins of limited extent in the fold complex, while other basins hold ironstones of no economic value. It is unlikely that the depositional basin of the Rosedale ironstones extended far beyond the present limits of the dale. Within Rosedale its distribution was materially reduced by erosion from the crests of minor pre-Dogger folds, pebbles now phosphatised derived from the crests occurring in the base of the Dogger.A three-fold sub-division of the Dogger is recognized. The Glaisdale Oolite is here of little importance; the lenticular Rosedale Sandstone represents sand trapped in the continued down-warping over Rosedale in early Dogger times. The most widely spread rock group, the Blakey Series, includes the important Black Shales at its base. Marked facies variation is recognized in the sandy upper part, which includes the Ajalon facies, the Green Flag facies, etc., which were earlier incorrectly regarded as in chronological succession.The Rosedale magnetite-oolite is regarded as a sedimentary deposit underlying the Dogger.The petrography of the several beds of the Lias-Oolite junction is briefly described.
New Species of Calymenidae from Scotland and Ireland
Authors: Lamont Archie 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFour new species of Calymenidae distinctive of horizons of strati-graphical interest are described. Observations of two pairs of anterior pits in the axial furrows of Platycalymene éire sp. nov. and P. duplicata (Murchison), not corresponding with the first lateral furrows of the glabella, indicate a trisegmental origin of the frontal lobe. A possible correspondence of the trilobite hypostome with chelicerae of Arachnids is propounded.
The Ammonite Genus Uhligella in the English Albian
Authors: Casey R. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractUhligella is one of the links between the Hoplitidae and their smooth Desmoceratid ancestors, and occurs typically in the Albian of the Mediterranean Province. Two new species of Uhligella found in the Middle Albian of Folkestone provide the first record of the genus in England. Description of the Folkestone specimens is preceded by a discussion of the genus, its circumscription, taxonomy, and systematic position.
The Lizard-Start Problem
Authors: Scrivenor J. B. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTwo questions are discussed: what is the nature of the boundary between the Devonian rocks of the Meneage and of the Start area on the one hand, and the mica- and green schists to the south of them on the other; and are the latter also Devonian or older than Devonian ? The author gives his views on the boundary in both cases, and concludes that the mica- and green schists in both are of Devonian age.
A Suggested Origin of Continental Slopes and of Submarine Canyons
Authors: Emery K. O. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThrusting along a shear plane at the continental margins may result in a temporary up-bulging of the margins above sea-level. During the time of exposure erosion by streams should have incised canyons which now, after isostatic readjustment of the margins, constitute the widely distributed submarine canyons. Known downwarped peneplains below the surface of continental shelves may have been developed on the bulged margins by long continued erosion. The margins may, thus, have served as- sources of some sediments now found on land and believed to have been derived from a seaward direction.
Pleistocene Events in the Baringo Basin, Kenya Colony
Authors: Fuchs V. E. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA study of the succession within the Lake Baringo Basin shows that the lake deposits originally described as Miocene by J. W. Gregory are of Middle Pleistocene age. In addition an examination of the relation between these deposits, the volcanic episodes and the periods of faulting, shows that climatic change has not been the major factor responsible for past fluctuations of the lake level.
The Diorites and Associated Rocks of the Glen Tilt Complex, Perthshire. II. Diorites and Appinites
Authors: Deer W. A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe south-eastern margin of the Glen Tilt mass consists of a series of diorites showing a considerable variation in mineralogical and chemical composition. Associated with, and enclosed within, the diorites are a number of small masses of coarser hornblende-felspar rocks which are described as appinites. There is an absence of sharp contacts between the various rock types of the complex and a hybrid origin is suggested to account for the mineralogical assemblage of the appinites.
Micropalaeontological Research in European Upper Carboniferous Stratigraphy
Authors: Bartenstein Helmut 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA synopsis is given of the most recent developments from micropalaeontological research on the coal-bearing Upper Carboniferous (Namurian C—Westphalian C) of Westphalia. The hope is expressed that a wider use of the technique of breaking down the mudstones into mud and isolating the fossils will, in conjunction with the important palaeontological results obtained in the English coal-basins, facilitate correlation between the Upper Carboniferous (Westphalian A to C) of England and Germany; also that the same technique will enable deep borings to be correlated in greater detail.
New Trilobites from Girvan
Authors: Begg James L. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFive new trilobites from the Girvan district are recorded and described. A new Proetus is remarkable for the great width of the anterior shield, the squat glabella, and the great length of the genal spines. Another small proetid is referred to Kegel's subgenus Cyphoproetus. The genus Asaphus is rare in the Girvan district, and beyond a thorax and an incomplete anterior shield from the Drummuck Group of Lady Burn (Ashgillian) the only record appears to be of three species of Asaphus (Isotelus) from the Balclatchie Group. Recently three pygidia of Asaphus, which may be referrable to Raymond's doubtful genus Homotelus, have been found in the Orthis confinis beds at Minuntion, Barr Series (Caradoc) The most interesting find is probably a new species of the hitherto monospecific genus Teratorhynchus.
The First National Geological Survey
Authors: Eyles V. A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn France a National Geological Survey was planned in 1822 by the Corps Royal des Mines, a government institution, in association with its subsidiary, the Ecole des Mines. The first objective was a rapid Survey of the whole of France, with the intention of preparing a general Geological Map of the country, to be followed by a more detailed Survey, based on the Départements. Field work for the general map commenced in 1825, and was completed in 1835 and a Geological Map of the whole of France, on a scale of approximately 8 miles to the inch was published by the Ministry of Public Works in 1841. The project was carried out entirely under the direction of the Ministry, at public expense. As a National Survey it thus preceded that of Great Britain, established in 1835, by some ten years.
A Deep Boring at North Creake, Norfolk
Authors: Kent P. E. 
Published: May 2009

Summary1. The North Creake boring shows the Chalk up to the Coranguinum zone to be appreciably thicker than at the nearest outcrops. The Chalk rests upon fine-grained Upper Greensand (possibly Albian) which is developed in addition to the normal Red Chalk.2. The “Lower Greensand” is developed much as at outcrop, but the Sandringham Sands are thickened by one-third. There is a strong indication of a stratigraphical break in the middle of the Carstone, which may mark the boundary between the Aptian and Albian stages.3. The Kimeridge, Corallian (Ampthill), and Oxford Clays are developed as in the King's Lynn district, and (in contrast to Southerey) normal Kellaways Beds rest on Cornbrash.4. The upper part of the Great Oolite Series is in Blisworth Clay facies. The “Limestone” is raggy and non-oolitic.5. The Great Oolite rests directly on bituminous shales which are believed to be of early Upper Lias date. The Middle and Lower Lias are well developed, but the latter is attenuated as a whole. There is a possible representative of the Lower Rhaetic.6. The Trias is represented by varicoloured marls (Keuper) upon pale grey sandstone (probably Bunter). The latter rests directly on pre-Cambrian rocks comparable with tuffs and agglomerates of Chamwood.
The Lower Bunter Sandstones of North Worcestershire and East Shropshire
Authors: Shotton F. W. 
Published: May 2009

The Composition of the Sand.The Lower Bunter consists of sand whose average grain size is about ·2 mm. Particles below 0·05 mm. or above 1 mm. are virtually absent.The fineness of the sand and restricted limits of size variation in the whole thickness of the deposit, and the high perfection of sorting in individual samples indicate an aeolian origin.The False Bedding.No true bedding exists in the Lower Bunter examined.The false-bedding is only explicable on an aeolian origin. It is argued that it must represent cross-sections of barchan dunes advancing in a sand sea that was steadily increasing in thickness.The frequency distribution of the values of the false-bedding dips confirms this interpretation.The directions of different types of false-bedding indicate that transport and deposition was effected almost entirely by a prevailing east wind.Relation of the Lower Bunter to the Mercian Highlands.The establishment of an easterly origin for the sand indicates that the “ Mercian Highlands ” of the Birmingham district were the source of sand supply.Arguments are adduced towards the correlation of the Barr Beacon Beds and the Lower Bunter Sandstone, the former being regarded as the thin piedmont spread of scree material fringing the desert.
Carboniferous Palaeoniscids from Northumberland and Berwickshire
Authors: Moy-Thomas J. A. 
Published: May 2009

SUMMARYThe following faunal list provides a comparative summary of the Palaeoniscids of the chief Border Cementstone localities:—Foulden.Styracopterus ottadinicus (White).Carboveles ovensi WhiteAetheretmon valentiacum WhiteAetheretmon valentiacum var. ovensi White.Aetheretmon whitei sp. nov.Strepheoschema fouldenensis White.
Note on the Beads found embedded in the top of the Two-foot Peat-bed (E) at St. Germans, near King’s Lynn.
Authors: Beck Horace C. 
Published: May 2009

Seven beads were found, details of which are given below:—Bead No. 1.—Pale cobalt-coloured annular glass bead. Weight, 5·21 g.; sp. gr., 2·412. There are two varieties of this bead which are very similar: one is of the La Tene period, and the other is Saxon. There has been a small difference of specific gravity in practically all the specimens I have examined, but it is so slight that I do not think it is safe to trust as a means of dating them. At the same time it has been fairly consistent, as in twelve specimens from different sites dated to the early period in Britain, France, and the Mediterranean the specific gravity has been below 2·46, and the only other early specimen I have tested was 2·485. On the other hand, all the beads that I have tested which I know to be Saxon have a specific gravity of 2·485 or over. I have, however, recently seen a bead from Lincolnshire with the same specific gravity as this No. 1, which, I think, is probably Saxon. Blue annular Saxon beads of this type, but usually smaller, are more common in the eastern counties than in any other part of England.