bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Groundwater Levels for Detection of Trend in Sagar District, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Thakur G. S. , Thomas T. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract:
Groundwater being an important component of the hydrological cycle as it sustains the streamflow during precipitation free periods and is a major source of water supply. The dependence on the groundwater has increased drastically over the years leading to over exploitation of the aquifers. Therefore, it is imperative to assess the extent of exploitation and analyse the groundwater level scenarios in the area of interest. The existence of a trend in a hydrological time series can be detected by statistical tests. The present study investigates the application of various methods for identification of trends in groundwater levels in few blocks of Sagar district, which faces severe water scarcity owing to the declining groundwater levels. The non-parametric Kendal rank correlation test as well as the parametric linear regression test has been used for trend detection based on the analysis of the seasonal groundwater levels. Kendal’s rank correlation test, has been applied to identify the trend persisting in the data and the linear regression test is used to identify the significance of the slope. The analysis indicates that the time series of groundwater levels are cyclical with characteristics of seasonal variation in all the blocks coupled with a declining trend at Sagar, Khurai and Bina.
Platinum Group Element (PGE) Geochemistry to understand the Chemical Evolution of the Earth’s Mantle
Authors: Mondal Sisir K. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract:
Platinum group elements (PGE: Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Pt, Pd) are important geochemical and cosmochemical tracers. Depending on physical and chemical behaviour the PGEs are divided into two subgroups: IPGE (Ir, Os, Ru) and PPGE (Pd, Pt, Rh). Platinum group elements show strong siderophile and chalcophile affinity. Base metal sulfides control the PGE budget of the Earth’s mantle. Mantle xenoliths contain two types of sulfide populations: (1) enclosed within silicate minerals, and (2) interstitial to the silicate minerals. In terms of PGE characters the included variety shows IPGE enriched patterns – similar to the melt-depleted mantle harzburgite, whereas the interstitial variety shows PPGE enriched patterns – resembling the fractionated PGE patterns of the basalt. These PGE characters of the mantle sulfides have been interpreted to be representative of multi-stages melting process of the mantle that helped to shape the chemical evolution of the Earth.
Application of GPS in Identifying Active Fault Plane in Western Maharashtra Peninsular Shield of India
Authors: Radhakrishnan Nisha 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
A broad overview of how GPS can be used to identify the active fault plane along which earthquakes occur in the seismic prone Western Maharashtra Peninsular shield of India is given. Indian institute of Technology, Bombay in collaboration with Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Mumbai was actively working in the field of crustal deformation monitoring along Western Maharashtra from year 2004 - 2006. A regional GPS network had been established for this purpose, periodically observed between May 2004 to May 2006, and analysed. To understand the pattern of seismicity along Western Maharashtra region, the GPS-estimated coordinates and displacements were used as an indicator to estimate and identify regions of high strain rates, the reliability of which was confirmed with real seismic data collected. These strain rates were used as a means to identify the fault plane along which the earthquakes occurred during the period of observation.
Experiment on Imaging and Visualising for Assessing Late-Tertiary Microstructural Evidences of Depositional Changes in Gajalia Fold, South Tripura
Authors: Dey Sudip , Paul Sushmita , Debbarma Chandrani , Sarkar Prasamita 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The present work concentrates on microstructure imaging for visualising the changes of depositional environment during Tertiary period. For that purpose Tipam layers of Gajalia fold area in southern Tripura was selected which was deposited during late Tertiary period under marine-coastal environment. Thin sections of eleven selected samples of the study area were prepared in the laboratory for microstructure analysis. For visualising the crystalline particles or quartz brightness and contrast of the image was increased up to maximum level. Surface conditions of the samples were analysed within RGB combination. The grain size and shapes of the eleven samples tested prove that the depositional environment remained very dynamic through Tertiary period in the study area. The microstructure and surface conditions also strongly support this view.
Petrography and Stable Isotope Geochemistry of the Cretaceous El Abra Limestones (Actopan), Mexico: Implication on Diagenesis
Authors: Armstrong-Altrin John S. , Madhavaraju J. , Sial Alcides N. , Kasper-Zubillaga Juan J. , Nagarajan R. , Flores-Castro K. , Rodriguez Janet Luna 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Petrography and stable isotopes (carbon and oxygen) geochemistry of limestones from the El Abra Formation, Actopan, were studied to identify their digenetic environments. The major petrographic types identified are mudstone, wackestone, grainstone, and boundstone. Most of the studied samples show positive δ13C values, except two samples (2 and 28), which are slightly negative values (-0.27‰ and -0.02‰). The organic remains identified in foraminiferal wackestone type can be responsible for the negative δ13C values. The δ18O values range from -12.41‰ to -4.02‰ and indicate meteoric diagenesis.
A MATLABTM Code to Perform Weighted Linear Regression with (correlated or uncorrelated) Errors in Bivariate Data
Authors: Thirumalai Kaustubh , Singh Arvind , Ramesh R. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
MATLABTM is a powerful, easy to use, software package suitable for many mathematical operations, which finds plenty of scientific applications. One such application is the fitting of trend lines for a given data set so as to interpret the relationship of the variance of the parameters involved. We provide here a code in MATLABTM that performs the weighted linear regression with (correlated or uncorrelated) errors in bivariate data which can handle 'force-fit' regression as well.
Mitigating the linkability problem in anonymous reputation management
Authors: Hussain M. , Skillicorn D. B. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Trust plays a key-role in enhancing user experience at service providers. Reputation management systems are used to quantify trust, based on some reputation metrics. Anonymity is an important requirement in these systems, since most individuals expect that they will not be profiled by participating in the feedback process. Anonymous Reputation management (ARM) systems allow individuals to submit their feedback anonymously. However, this solves part of the problem. Anonymous ratings by one individual can be linked to each other. This enables the system to easily build a profile of that individual. Data mining techniques can use the profile to re-identify that individual. We call this the linkability problem. This paper presents an anonymous reputation management system that avoids the linkability problem. This is achieved by constructing a system that empowers individuals to interact and rate service providers, securely and anonymously.
Dietary folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and methionine intake and the risk of breast cancer by oestrogen and progesterone receptor status
Authors: Zhang Cai-Xia , Ho Suzanne C. , Chen Yu-Ming , Lin Fang-Yu , Fu Jian-Hua , Cheng Shou-Zhen 
Published: May 2011

Few studies have evaluated the relationship between the consumption of dietary folate and one-carbon metabolism-related nutrients and breast cancer risk defined by oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status. The objective of the present study was to examine the associations between dietary folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and methionine intake and the risk of breast cancer by ER and PR status among Chinese women in Guangdong. A hospital-based case–control study was conducted from June 2007 to August 2008, with 438 cases and 438 age (5-year interval)- and residence (rural/urban)-matched controls. Dietary intake information was assessed using a validated FFQ administered through a face-to-face interview. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to calculate multivariate-adjusted OR and 95 % CI. A significant inverse association was found between dietary folate and vitamin B6 intake and breast cancer risk. The adjusted OR of the highest v. the lowest quartile were 0·32 (95 % CI 0·21, 0·49; Ptrend < 0·001) for dietary folate and 0·46 (95 % CI 0·30, 0·69; Ptrend < 0·001) for vitamin B6. No associations were observed for vitamin B12 and methionine intake. A significant inverse association between dietary folate intake and breast cancer risk was observed in all subtypes of ER and PR status. These findings suggest that dietary folate and vitamin B6 intakes were inversely associated with breast cancer risk. The inverse association did not differ by ER and/or PR status.
Flying high above the social radar: Coronal stop deletion in modern Appalachia
Authors: Hazen Kirk 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn this paper I examine how a classic feature of variationist research, coronal stop deletion (CSD), operates at the end of the 20th century in one of the most renowned vernacular dialects in the United States, English in Appalachia. Through examination of CSD in a corpus of Appalachian speech, this paper also focuses on the methodological choices available. Several methodological questions are reviewed, such as the choices concerning voicing of the codas (wind vs. went vs. west). The corpus comprises interviews with 67 Appalachian speakers, yielding 17,694 tokens of potential CSD. These were analyzed using quantitative variationist methodology to reveal that morphological categories are less influential than even the preceding phonological environment. This finding is in stark contrast with some other vernacular varieties and suggests that apparent morphological influences are actually phonological influences that present themselves as morphological trends. Overall, the following phonological environment is overwhelmingly the most influential linguistic factor on the rate of CSD. These Appalachian speakers maintain relatively high rates, in effect constraining the social distinctions within Appalachia that could possibly be made using CSD, but marking them as vernacular speakers for those outside Appalachia.
Courseware integration into task-based learning: a case study of multimedia courseware-supported oral presentations for non-English major students
Authors: Tsai Shu-Chiao 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis study reports on the integration of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) multimedia courseware for oral presentations into a self-learning and elective program for non-English major students in an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) setting. A computer-aided instruction approach, combined with a task-based learning approach, was adopted. Computers played a central role as the means of information delivery. The courseware acted as a silent partner and played the role of a tutor and adjunct teacher to provide students with authentic materials for learning to give English oral presentations in international business and technical settings. It offered a variety of learning activities with instant on-line self-evaluation for students to practice integrative language skills and learn content knowledge. Evaluation of student performance was based upon data from pre- and post-tasks, student questionnaires about concerns, and an open-ended questionnaire. After active participation and self-learning, most of the non-English major students clearly indicated they had made some improvement or progress and felt their learning effectiveness for preparing speech texts was significantly improved. In addition, they had become more concerned about their English ability and the ESP courseware was able to meet their need for greater linguistic support to enhance their language ability.
A review of multimedia glosses and their effects on L2 vocabulary acquisition in CALL literature
Authors: Mohsen Mohammed Ali , Balakumar M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis article reviews the literature of multimedia glosses in computer assisted language learning (CALL) and their effects on L2 vocabulary acquisition during the past seventeen years. Several studies have touched on this area to examine the potential of multimedia in a CALL environment in aiding L2 vocabulary acquisition. In this review, the researchers investigate the studies that deal with different modes of multimedia annotations in a CALL environment. This article reviews the empirical studies of multimedia glosses in reading as well as in listening comprehension activities and discusses the factors under which these studies have been conducted and their impact on L2 vocabulary acquisition. The study aims to understand how multimedia glosses have been used in the past to support second language vocabulary acquisition and also to explore any evidence regarding how multimedia glosses in a CALL environment can enhance the acquisition of L2 vocabulary. Only empirical studies (18 studies published in international refereed journals and conference) have been reviewed exclusively. The article discusses the findings of the reviewed studies and recommends future research.
The profile of the Greek ‘XXL’ family
Authors: Christoforidis Athanasios , Batzios Spyros , Sidiropoulos Haralampos , Provatidou Maria , Cassimos Dimitris 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo identify Greek families in which all members were overweight or obese (XXL families) and to describe their profile with regard to their socio-economic status and their eating behaviours and practices.DesignA prospective cohort study.SettingThe metropolitan area of Kavala.SubjectsWe recruited children aged 11 and 12 years from twelve primary schools, and their parents, from volunteers. Auxologic measurements of the children included height and weight. A structured questionnaire pertaining to information on the socio-economic status of the family, anthropometric values and educational status of parents, dietary habits and the availability of various food products and beverages at home, as well as dietary intake, physical activity, time spent sleeping and time spent watching television, was filled in by one of the parents of each child. A total of 331 families finally participated.ResultsIn sixty-one families (18·43 %) both parents and child were either overweight or obese (XXL family), and in seven of these families all members were obese. Only twenty-eight families (8·46 %) had all members with a normal BMI. The XXL family was associated with lower educational status of both parents, whereas a higher percentage of XXL families resided in rural areas and had lower income. Skipping breakfast and spending more than 3 h in front of a screen every day were more frequently observed in XXL families. With regard to the availability of various food products and beverages at home, no significant differences were observed between XXL families and the rest of the studied families.ConclusionsGreek XXL families have lower educational status and lower annual income.
Fully documented fishery: a tool to support a catch quota management system
Authors: Kindt-Larsen Lotte , Kirkegaard Eskild , Dalskov Jørgen 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Kindt-Larsen, L., Kirkegaard, E., and Dalskov, J. 2011. Fully documented fishery: a tool to support a catch quota management system. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1606–1610. The Danish Government has proposed a catch quota management system (CQMS) in which fishers are obliged to report their total catches, including discards and landings, and both are counted against the formal total allowable catch (TAC). The success of a CQMS requires appropriate documentation to verify the total catch, the validity of scientific advice, and the implementation of the TACs through national catch quotas. A remote electronic monitoring (EM) system, providing full documentation of fishing operations and catches, was tested on six Danish fishing vessels operating under a CQMS for cod (Gadus morhua). The results showed that the EM system could provide the documentation required to support the CQMS and that it was an incentive for the participating fishers to avoid discarding cod. Changing from landings to total catch quotas would not affect the scientific-advisory processes of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES), but it could have notable consequences for the allocation of TACs between countries.
Worker inhalation dose coefficients for radionuclides not previously identified in ICRP publication 68
Authors: McLaughlin David A. , Schwahn Scott O. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
While inhalation dose coefficients are provided for about 800 radionuclides in International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) Publication 68, many radionuclides of practical dosimetric interest for facilities such as high-energy proton accelerators are not specifically addressed, nor are organ-specific dose coefficients tabulated. The ICRP Publication 68 dosimetry concepts are used, along with updated radiological decay data and metabolic data, to calculate committed equivalent dose coefficients [hT(50)] and committed effective dose coefficients [e(50)] for radionuclides produced at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source.
Regulation of Spinal Substance P Release by Intrathecal Calcium Channel Blockade
Authors: Takasusuki Toshifumi , Yaksh Tony L. 
Published: May 2011

Background
The authors investigated the role of different voltage-sensitive calcium channels expressed at presynaptic afferent terminals in substance P release and on nociceptive behavior evoked by intraplantar formalin by examining the effects of intrathecally delivered N- (ziconotide), T- (mibefradil), and L-type voltage-sensitive calcium channel blockers (diltiazem and verapamil).

Methods
Rats received intrathecal pretreatment with saline or doses of morphine, ziconotide, mibefradil, diltiazem, or verapamil. The effect of these injections upon flinching evoked by intraplantar formalin (5%, 50 μl) was quantified. To assess substance P release, the incidence of neurokinin-1 receptor internalization in the ipsilateral and contralateral lamina I was determined in immunofluorescent-stained tissues.

Results
Intrathecal morphine (20 μg), ziconotide (0.3, 0.6, and 1 μg), mibefradil (100 μg, but not 50 μg), diltiazem (500 μg, but not 300 μg), and verapamil (200 μg, but not 50 and 100 μg) reduced paw flinching in phase 2 compared with vehicle control (P < 0.05), with no effect on phase 1. Ziconotide (0.3, 0.6, and 1 μg) and morphine (20 μg) significantly inhibited neurokinin-1 receptor internalization (P < 0.05), but mibefradil, diltiazem, and verapamil at the highest doses had no effect.

Conclusion
These results emphasize the role in vivo of N-type but not T- and L-type voltage-sensitive calcium channel blockers in mediating the stimulus-evoked substance P release from small primary afferents and suggest that T- and L-type voltage-sensitive calcium channel blockers exert antihyperalgesic effects by an action on other populations of afferents or mechanisms involving postsynaptic excitability.
Stars and Symbiosis: MicroRNA- and MicroRNA*-Mediated Transcript Cleavage Involved in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis
Authors: Devers Emanuel A. , Branscheid Anja , May Patrick , Krajinski Franziska 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The majority of plants are able to form the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis in association with AM fungi. During symbiosis development, plant cells undergo a complex reprogramming resulting in profound morphological and physiological changes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important components of the regulatory network of plant cells. To unravel the impact of miRNAs and miRNA-mediated mRNA cleavage on root cell reprogramming during AM symbiosis, we carried out high-throughput (Illumina) sequencing of small RNAs and degradome tags of Medicago truncatula roots. This led to the annotation of 243 novel miRNAs. An increased accumulation of several novel and conserved miRNAs in mycorrhizal roots suggest a role of these miRNAs during AM symbiosis. The degradome analysis led to the identification of 185 root transcripts as mature miRNA and also miRNA*-mediated mRNA cleavage targets. Several of the identified miRNA targets are known to be involved in root symbioses. In summary, the increased accumulation of specific miRNAs and the miRNA-mediated cleavage of symbiosis-relevant genes indicate that miRNAs are an important part of the regulatory network leading to symbiosis development.
Tomato Root Penetration in Soil Requires a Coaction between Ethylene and Auxin Signaling
Authors: Santisree Parankusam , Nongmaithem Sapana , Vasuki Himabindu , Sreelakshmi Yellamaraju , Ivanchenko Maria G. , Sharma Rameshwar 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
During seed germination, emerging roots display positive gravitropism and penetrate into the soil for nutrition and anchorage. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seeds germinated in the presence of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), an inhibitor of ethylene action, failed to insert roots into Soilrite and grew in the air, forming loops. Time-lapse video imaging showed that 1-MCP-grown root tips retained positive gravitropism and made contact with the surface of Soilrite but failed to penetrate into the Soilrite. Time-course studies revealed that the effect of 1-MCP was most prominent when seed imbibition and germination were carried out in the continual presence of 1-MCP. Conversely, 1-MCP was ineffective when applied postgermination after penetration of roots in the Soilrite. Furthermore, treatment with 1-MCP caused a reduction in DR5::β-glucuronidase auxin-reporter activity and modified the expression of SlIAA3 and SlIAA9 transcripts, indicating interference with auxin signaling. The reduced ethylene perception mutant, Never-ripe, displayed decreased ability for root penetration, and the enhanced polar auxin transport mutant, polycotyledon, showed a nearly normal root penetration in the presence of 1-MCP, which could be reversed by application of auxin transport inhibitors. Our results indicate that during tomato seed germination, a coaction between ethylene and auxin is required for root penetration into the soil.