bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the expression of variant and standard CD44 in prostate cancer cells: Identification of the possible molecular mechanism of CD44/MMP9 complex formation on the cell surface
Authors: Desai B. , Ma T. , Zhu J. , Chellaiah M.A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractCD44 is a glycosylated adhesion molecule and osteopontin is one of its ligand. CD44 undergoes alternative splicing to produce variant isoforms. Our recent studies have shown an increase in the surface expression of CD44 isoforms (sCD44 and v4–v10 variant CD44) in prostate cancer cells over‐expressing osteopontin (PC3/OPN). Formation of CD44/MMP9 complex on the cell surface is indispensable for MMP9 activity. In this study, we have characterized the expression of variant CD44 using RT‐PCR, surface labeling with NHS–biotin, and immunoblotting. Expression of variant CD44 encompassing v4–v10 and sCD44 at mRNA and protein levels are of the same levels in PC3 and PC3/OPN cells. However, an increase in the surface expression of v6, v10, and sCD44 in PC3/OPN cells suggest that OPN may be a ligand for these isoforms. We then proceeded to determine the role of sCD44 in MMP9 activation. Based on our previous studies in osteoclasts, we hypothesized that phosphorylation of CD44 has a role on its surface expression and subsequent activation of MMP9. We have prepared TAT‐fused CD44 peptides comprising unphosphorylated and constitutively phosphorylated serine residues at positions Ser323 and Ser325. Transduction of phosphopeptides at Ser323 and Ser323/325 into PC3 cells reduced the surface levels of CD44, MMP9 activity, and cell migration; but had no effect on the membrane localization of MMP9. However, MMP9 knock‐down PC3 cells showed reduced CD44 at cellular and surface levels. Thus we conclude that surface expression of CD44 and activation of MMP9 on the cell surface are interdependent. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 272–284, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of Smad3, acting independently of transforming growth factor‐β, in the early induction of Wnt‐β‐catenin signaling by parathyroid hormone in mouse osteoblastic cells
Authors: Inoue Yoshifumi , Canaff Lucie , Hendy Geoffrey N. , Hisa Itoko , Sugimoto Toshitsugu , Chihara Kazuo , Kaji Hiroshi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractParathyroid hormone (PTH) exerts an anabolic action on bone but the mechanisms are incompletely understood. We showed previously that PTH interacts with the canonical Wnt‐β‐catenin signaling pathway via the transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β signaling molecule, Smad3, to modulate osteoblast differentiation and apoptosis. Here, we examined which actions of Smad3 are TGF‐β‐independent in stimulating the osteoblast phenotype and PTH‐induced Wnt‐β‐catenin signaling. For this, the TGF‐β receptor type 1 [activin receptor‐like kinase (ALK5)] inhibitor (SB431542), and a Smad3 mutant in which the site normally phosphorylated by ALK5 is mutated from SSVS to AAVA, was used. PTH induced total β‐catenin and reduced phosphorylated β‐catenin levels at 1, 6, and 24 h in mouse osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells. Transient transfection of Smad3AAVA inhibited the PTH induction of total β‐catenin and reduction of phosphorylated β‐catenin levels at 6 and 24 h, but not at 1 h, indicating that the early effects occur independently of TGF‐β receptor signaling. On the other hand, MC3T3‐E1 cell clones in which Smad3AAVA was stably expressed demonstrated elevated β‐catenin levels, although alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization were unaltered. In contrast, MC3T3‐E1 cell clones in which wild‐type Smad3 was stably expressed exhibited increased ALP activity and mineralization that were decreased by the ALK5 inhibitor, SB431542, although the β‐catenin levels induced in these cells were not modulated. In conclusion, the present study indicates that PTH induces osteoblast β‐catenin levels via Smad3 independently of, and dependently on, TGF‐β in the early and later induction phases, respectively. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 285–294, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SRrp37, a novel splicing regulator located in the nuclear speckles and nucleoli, interacts with SC35 and modulates alternative pre‐mRNA splicing in vivo
Authors: Ouyang Pin 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe report here the identification and characterization of a novel SR‐related protein, referred to as SRrp37, based on its apparent molecular weight and subcellular location. SRrp37 was identified through a yeast two‐hybrid screen during the course of searching for proteins interacting with pNO40, a ribosomal 60S core subunit. SRrp37 exhibited two alternative spliced isoforms generated by differential usage of the translation start site with the longer one, SRrp37, initiating at first exon and the shorter, SRrp37‐2, starting from exon 2. Three distinct motifs can be discerned in the SRrp37 protein: (1) a serine–arginine (SR) dipeptide enriched domain, (2) a polyserine stretch, and (3) a potential nucleolar localization signal comprising a long array of basic amino acids. SRrp37's message was translated in tissue‐specific patterns with both isoforms expressed at comparable levels in tissues showing expression. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis with an anti‐SRrp37 antibody, as well as an experiment using myc‐tagged proteins, demonstrated that SRrp37 was localized in nucleoli and nuclear speckles. GST pull‐down assay showed that SRrp37 interacted physically with SC35. Using adenovirus E1A and chimeric calcitonin/dhfr constructs as splicing reporter minigenes, we found that SRrp37 modulated alternative 5′ and 3′ splicing in vivo. Together, SRrp37 may participate directly in splicing regulation or indirectly through interaction with SC35. Studies on this novel splicing regulator may provide new information on the intricate splicing machinery as related to the RNA metabolism involving processing of mRNA and rRNA. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 304–314, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Shortening of human cell life span by induction of p16ink4a through the platelet‐derived growth factor receptor β
Authors: Takahashi Hidekazu , Toyoda Masashi , Birumachi Jun‐ichi , Horie Akane , Uyama Taro , Miyado Kenji , Matsumoto Kenji , Saito Hirohisa , Umezawa Akihiro 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are attracting a great deal of attention because they represent a valuable source of cells for use in regenerative medicine. In human cell culture it is important to obtain large numbers of cells for use in therapy. In this study, we attempted to prolong life span of a marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cell using a combination of growth factors and hormones. Furthermore we tested whether chemically defined culture conditions are sufficient for maintenance of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells. Epidermal growth factor, platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB (PDGF‐BB), acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF), basic FGF, and leukemia inhibitory factor were found to be key factors for the mesenchymal stem cell proliferation. The combination of these growth factors showed extremely strong mitogenic activity, and simultaneously induced the expression of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p16ink4a protein and premature senescence more rapidly than serum‐supported culture conditions. The induction of p16ink4a by growth factors was mediated through the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. Excess growth stimulation by growth factors was thus one of the culture stress signals and a trigger of premature senescence at least in human cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 221: 335–342, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Advanced models for transient analysis of lossy and dispersive anisotropic planar layers
Authors: Antonini Giulio 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA new model is proposed for the transient analysis of the electromagnetic field propagation through anisotropic lossy and dispersive layers. The propagation equations of the electromagnetic fields are solved as a Sturm–Liouville problem leading to identify its dyadic Green's function in a series rational form. Then, the corresponding poles and residues are obtained and a reduced order macromodel is generated, which can be easily embedded within existing three dimensional solvers. The model is applied to lossy and dispersive anisotropic layers with differently polarized plane–waves. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Presenteeism in the workplace: A review and research agenda
Authors: Johns Gary 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPresenteeism refers to attending work while ill. Although it is a subject of intense interest to scholars in occupational medicine, relatively few organizational scholars are familiar with the concept. This article traces the development of interest in presenteeism, considers its various conceptualizations, and explains how presenteeism is typically measured. Organizational and occupational correlates of attending work when ill are reviewed, as are medical correlates of resulting productivity loss. It is argued that presenteeism has important implications for organizational theory and practice, and a research agenda for organizational scholars is presented. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Total scapulectomy and constrained reverse total shoulder reconstruction for a Ewing's Sarcoma
Authors: Mavrogenis Andreas F. , Mastorakos Dimitrios P. , Triantafyllopoulos Georgios , Sakellariou Vasileios I. , Galanis Evanthia C. , Papagelopoulos Panayiotis J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackgroundTotal scapulectomy and intra‐articular resection of the glenohumeral joint indicates the Malawer Type III shoulder girdle resection.Materials and MethodsThe modified Tikhoff‐Linberg total scapulectomy and constrained reverse total shoulder reconstruction for a Ewing's sarcoma of the scapula is presented. A combined approach has been used. The deltoid, trapezius, rhomboids, levator scapulae, latissimus dorsi, and serratus anterior were preserved. the tumor was removed en bloc by disarticulation of the acromioclavicular and the glenohumeral joints. The scapular prosthesis was suspended by the muscles. A constrained reverse humeral prosthesis was implanted after osteotomy of the humeral head.ResultsThere were no intraoperative or postoperative complications; surgical margins were clear. At 12 months postoperatively, the patient has a stable and painless shoulder.ConclusionThe goal of shoulder reconstructions is to provide a stable and painless joint that allows positioning of the arm and hand in space. Compared to those patients left without a scapula reconstruction, prosthetic replacement of the scapula and shoulder partially restores abduction and external rotation and improves cosmesis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:611–615. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Postoperative chemotherapy after neoadjuvant chemoradiation and surgery for rectal cancer: Is it essential for patients with ypT0‐2N0?
Authors: Huh Jung Wook , Kim Hyeong Rok 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe potential advantage of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with ypT0‐2N0 rectal cancer remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether this therapy has an impact on survival.Materials and MethodsPatients who underwent curative surgery after preoperative chemoradiation for locally advanced low rectal cancer were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 41 consecutive patients with pathological stage 0 (ypT0N0) or I (ypT1‐2N0) were enrolled. Of the 41 patients, 17 (41.5%) received postoperative 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU)‐based chemotherapy, while 24 were followed without postoperative therapy. Oncologic outcomes were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe median follow‐up period was 47.6 months. The overall postoperative complication rates did not differ significantly between the patients who received chemotherapy and those who did not (17.6% vs. 20.8%, P = 0.799). The 5‐year overall and disease‐free survival rates for patients who received chemotherapy were 88.9% and 84.7%, which were not significantly different from the rates for those who did not (85.9%; P = 0.644 and 73.4%; P = 0.599, respectively).ConclusionsPostoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with good responses after preoperative chemoradiation and curative surgery did not significantly improve the survival. However, this should be validated in prospective randomized trials with larger sample sizes. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:387–391. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic role of myeloid cell leukemia‐1 protein (Mcl‐1) expression in human gastric cancer
Authors: Likui Wang , Qun Liu , Wanqing Zhou , Haifeng Shao , Fangqiu Li , Xiaojun Li 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackgroundMyeloid cell leukemia‐1 protein (Mcl‐1), an anti‐apoptotic member of Bcl‐2 family, has been reported to be correlated with tumor progression. The purpose of this study was to establish the prognostic value of Mcl‐1 expression in human gastric cancer.MethodsWestern blot assay was performed to detect the expression of Mcl‐1 protein in human gastric cancer cell lines and tissues, while Mcl‐1 expression in resected gastric cancer tissue samples was analysed by immunohistochemistry.ResultsThe level of Mcl‐1 protein expression in gastric cancer cell lines was significantly higher than that in gastric mucosa epithelial cell line. Moreover, the expression level of Mcl‐1 protein was significantly higher in gastric cancer tissues than corresponding noncancerous tissues. Expression was correlated with T classification (P = 0.003), metastasis (P = 0.001), clinical stage (P = 0.010), and venous invasion (P = 0.004). Patients with high Mcl‐1 expression showed poorer 5‐year overall survival than patients with low Mcl‐1 expression (P = 0.012; log‐rank test). Further univariate and multivariate analysis suggested that high Mcl‐1 expression was an independent prognostic marker for the disease.ConclusionMcl‐1 is highly upregulated in gastric cancer and high Mcl‐1 expression is correlated with a poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients. Thus, Mcl‐1 can be utilized as an independent prognostic factor. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:396–400. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fabrication of three‐dimensional photonic crystals in quantum‐dot‐based materials
Authors: Gu M. , Jia B. , Li J. , Ventura M.J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractControlling spontaneous emission (SE) is of fundamental importance to a diverse range of photonic applications including but not limited to quantum optics, low power displays, solar energy harvesting and optical communications. Characterized by photonic bandgap (PBG) property, three‐dimensional (3D) photonic crystals (PCs) have emerged as a promising synthetic material, which can manipulate photons in much the same way as a semiconductor does to electrons. Emission tunable nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) are ideal point sources to be embedded into 3D PCs towards active devices. The challenge however lies in the combination of QDs with 3D PCs without degradation of their emission properties. Polymer materials stand out for this purpose due to their flexibility of incorporating active materials. Combining the versatile multi‐photon 3D micro‐fabrication techniques, active 3D PCs have been fabricated in polymer‐QD composites with demonstrated control of SE from QDs. With this milestone novel miniaturized photonic devices can thus be envisaged.
Pronounced stereospecificity of 1H, 13C, 15N and 77Se shielding constants in the selenophenyl oximes as shown by NMR spectroscopy and GIAO calculations
Authors: Afonin Andrei V. , Pavlov Dmitry V. , Ushakov Igor A. , Schmidt Elena Yu. , Mikhaleva Al'bina I. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of 1‐(2‐selenophenyl)‐1‐alkanone oximes, the 1H, the 13C‐3 and 13C‐5 signals of the selenophene ring are shifted by 0.1–0.4, 2.5–3.0 and 5.5–6.0 ppm, respectively, to higher frequencies, whereas those of the 13C‐1, 13C‐2 and 13C‐4 carbons are shifted by 4–5, ∼11 and ∼1.7 ppm to lower frequencies on going from the E to Z isomer. The 15N chemical shift of the oximic nitrogen is larger by 13–16 ppm in the E isomer relative to the Z isomer. An extraordinarily large difference (above 90 ppm) between the 77Se resonance positions is revealed in the studied oxime isomers, the 77Se peak being shifted to higher frequencies in the Z isomer. The trends in the changes of the measured chemical shifts are well reproduced by the GIAO calculations of the 1H, 13C, 15N and 77Se shielding constants in the energy‐favorable conformation with the syn orientation of theCNOH group relative to the selenophene ring. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving SNR of RF coils using composite coil elements
Authors: Wang Zhiyue J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA composite coil element consists of up to three independent orthogonal loops. It improves the flexibility in shaping the radio frequency (RF) field in its vicinity, compared with a single‐loop coil element. Computer simulations were conducted to explore the potential advantages of this type of coil configuration for improving the signal‐to‐ noise ratio (SNR), including the intrinsic SNR (ISNR) and the realistic SNR, when the effects of resistive loss of the coil were included. A ‘half‐space’ model was considered, with a variable B0 direction relative to the surface of a large conductive medium. The SNR performance of a square single‐loop coil parallel to the surface of the medium was compared with that of a composite coil element where up to two additional orthogonal square loops of the same size were added to the single coil loop. The SNR performances of coil arrays consisting of single‐loop elements and composite elements were also evaluated. The RF field was calculated using the finite‐difference time‐domain method. The results show that the composite coil element has a substantially better ISNR at all depths from the surface than that of a single‐loop element covering the same surface area. Furthermore, the ISNR of a composite element is not sensitive to the surface orientation relative to the B0 field. The computer simulation also revealed that at 128 MHz, the resistive loss from the copper coil loops standing upright on the surface at room temperature is substantial compared to the loss in the medium. Consequently, the realistic SNR is significantly lower than ISNR at 128 MHz for a composite coil element. The coil loading by the medium becomes more dominant at 170 and 298 MHz, and the differences between the realistic SNR and ISNR become smaller at these higher frequencies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distinguishing species of geoemydid and trionychid turtles from shell fragments: evidence from the Pleistocene at Niah Caves, Sarawak
Authors: Pritchard P. C. H. , Rabett R. J. , Piper P. J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractFragments of chelonian carapace and plastral dermal plates are well‐represented from archaeological sites in the world's dry and wet tropics. However, although these bones are easily identified at an element level, few archaeological reports have explored the potential of using features of form and surface sculpturing as a way to refine that identification to genus or species. The ability to achieve such a refinement would benefit environmental and human subsistence strategy models alike. The objective of the current paper was to isolate recurrent and readily visible surface characteristics on the dermal plates from a selection of commonly occurring Southeast Asian hard‐ and soft‐shelled turtles. Using these criteria, analysis is made of the chelonian assemblage from pre‐ and post‐Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) cultural deposits in the West Mouth of Niah Cave. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermo‐sensitive amphiphilic poly(N‐vinylcaprolactam) copolymers: synthesis and solution properties
Authors: Zhang Lifen , Liang Yong , Meng Lingzhi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThermo‐sensitive amphiphilic copolymers, PVCL‐PTrpAMT and PVCL‐PVP‐PTrpAMT of hydrophilic N‐vinylcaprolactam (VCL), N‐vinylpyrrolidone (NVP), and hydrophobic N‐t‐Boc‐tryptophanamido‐N′‐methacryl thioureas (TrpAMT) monomers, were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, UV‐spectroscopy, and GPC‐MALLS. The cloud point (CP) measurement showed that hydrophobic PTrpAMT and hydrophilic PVP segments significantly altered the phase transition temperature of PVCL with comparable molecular weight in aqueous solution. The CP of PVP‐PTrpAMT solution was 38.0°C, lower by 5.0°C than that of unmodified PVCL. In the presence of phosphate buffer saline (PBS), the CP value of the PVCL polymer decreased by ∼2.0°C in comparison to that of the aqueous solution. Fluorescent spectroscopy and TEM studies revealed that PVCL‐PTrpAMT and PVCL‐PVP‐PTrpAMT self‐assembled into the spherical micelles, 30–70 nm in diameter, at concentrations over their CMCs in an aqueous solution. Cytotoxicity tests demonstrated that the PVCL copolymers were not harmful to cell viability, which may favor the use of the copolymers as potential thermo‐sensitive polymers in pharmaceutical applications. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does the combination of fronto‐maxillary facial angle and nasal bone evaluation improve the detection of Down syndrome in the second trimester?
Authors: Odibo Anthony O. , Schoenborn Jean A. , Haas Kimberly , Macones George A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if the combination of fronto‐maxillary facial (FMF) angle and nasal bone (NB) evaluation improves the detection of Down syndrome (DS) in the second trimester.Study DesignWe compared the FMF angle measurements in euploid and DS fetuses seen between 2005 and 2008. The FMF angles were measured from stored two‐dimensional (2‐D) images by investigators blinded to the DS status of the fetus. All NB measurements were obtained prospectively. Receiver operator characteristic curve plot was used to determine the optimal definition for abnormal FMF angle. The detection and false positive rates and likelihood ratios positive and negative for the DS markers and their combinations were compared.ResultsOf 22 fetuses with DS seen between 16 and 22 weeks over the study period, NB and FMF angle evaluation was available for 21. These were compared with a control group of 201 fetuses seen at similar gestational age ranges without DS. NB alone identified 10/21 (47.6%) of Down syndrome while FMF angle identified 2/21 (9.5%). The combination of FMF angle and NB identified only one additional case of Down syndrome.ConclusionsWhile FMF angle and NB are independent markers for DS, their combination resulted in a minimal but nonsignificant improvement in DS detection. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and palladium‐catalyzed addition polymerization of norbornene carrying epoxy moiety
Authors: Morishita Hidetada , Sudo Atsushi , Endo Takeshi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA norbornene monomer carrying epoxy moiety 1 was successfully synthesized from 5‐norbornene‐2‐carbardehyde by treating it with thioylide. With using a catalytic system consisted of palladium (II) acetate/tricyclohexylphosphine/triphenylcarbenium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, homopolymerizations and copolymerization of 1 and 5‐butyl‐2‐norbornene (BNB) were examined. The homopolymerization of 1 was slower than that of BNB presumably due to coordination of the epoxy moiety to the palladium‐center in competition with the CC double bond of norbornene. This deceleration became less significant in the copolymerizations with low initial feed ratios [1]0/[BNB]0, leading to successful formation of the corresponding copolymers having a rigid poly(norbornene) main chain and epoxy moiety in the side chains, of which composition ratios agreed with the feed ratios. Influence of the epoxy moiety of 1 on its Pd‐catalyzed addition polymerization was elucidated by studying the homopolymerization of BNB in the presence of 1,2‐epoxyhexane. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 3982–3989, 2009