bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cold acclimation induces changes in Arabidopsis tonoplast protein abundance and activity and alters phosphorylation of tonoplast monosaccharide transporters
Authors: Schulze Waltraud X. , Schneider Thomas , Starck Sabrina , Martinoia Enrico , Trentmann Oliver 
Published: October 2011

SummaryBecause they are immotile organisms, higher plants have developed efficient strategies for adaptation to temperature changes. During cold acclimation, plants accumulate specific types of solutes to enhance freezing tolerance. The vacuole is a major solute storage organelle, but until now the role of tonoplast proteins in cold acclimation has not been investigated. In a comparative tonoplast proteome analysis, we identified several membrane proteins with altered abundance upon cold acclimation. We found an increased protein abundance of the tonoplast pyrophosphatase and subunits of the vacuolar V‐ATPase and a significantly increased V‐ATPase activity. This was accompanied by increased vacuolar concentrations of dicarbonic acids and soluble sugars. Consistently, the abundance of the tonoplast dicarbonic acid transporter was also higher in cold‐acclimatized plants. However, no change in the protein abundance of tonoplast monosaccharide transporters was detectable. However, a generally higher cold‐induced phosphorylation of members of this sugar transporter sub‐group was observed. Our results indicate that cold‐induced solute accumulation in the vacuole is mediated by increased acidification of this organelle. Thus solute transport activity is either modulated by increased protein amounts or by modification of proteins via phosphorylation.
The SOC1‐SPL module integrates photoperiod and gibberellic acid signals to control flowering time in Arabidopsis
Authors: Jung Jae‐Hoon , Ju Yun , Seo Pil Joon , Lee Jae‐Hyung , Park Chung‐Mo 
Published: October 2011

SummarymiR156 and its target SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN‐LIKE (SPL) genes constitute an endogenous flowering pathway in Arabidopsis. The SPL genes are regulated post‐transcriptionally by miR156, and incorporate endogenous aging signals into floral gene networks. Intriguingly, the SPL genes are also regulated transcriptionally by FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)‐mediated photoperiod signals. However, it is unknown how photoperiod regulates the SPL genes. Here, we show that SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1) and FT regulate the SPL3, SPL4 and SPL5 genes by directly binding to the gene promoters in response to photoperiod signals. Notably, the SOC1 regulation of the SPL genes, termed the SOC1‐SPL module, also mediates gibberellic acid (GA) signals to promote flowering under non‐inductive short days (SDs). Under SDs, the inductive effects of GA on the SPL genes disappeared in the soc1‐2 mutant, and the flowering of SPL3‐overexpressing transgenic plants (35S:SPL3) was less sensitive to GA. In addition, the 35S:SPL3 × soc1‐2 plants flowered much earlier than the soc1‐2 mutant, supporting SOC1 regulation of the SPL genes. Our observations indicate that the SOC1‐SPL module serves as a molecular link that integrates photoperiod and GA signals to promote flowering in Arabidopsis.
ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 2 suppresses mitochondrial oxidative bursts and modulates cell death in Arabidopsis
Authors: Pattanayak Gopal K. , Venkataramani Sujatha , Hortensteiner Stefan , Kunz Lukas , Christ Bastien , Moulin Michael , Smith Alison G. , Okamoto Yukihiro , Tamiaki Hitoshi , Sugishima Masakazu , Greenberg Jean T. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryThe Arabidopsis ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 2 (ACD2) protein protects cells from programmed cell death (PCD) caused by endogenous porphyrin‐related molecules like red chlorophyll catabolite or exogenous protoporphyrin IX. We previously found that during bacterial infection, ACD2, a chlorophyll breakdown enzyme, localizes to both chloroplasts and mitochondria in leaves. Additionally,acd2cells show mitochondrial dysfunction. In plants withacd2andACD2 +sectors, ACD2 functions cell autonomously, implicating a pro‐death ACD2 substrate as being cell non‐autonomous in promoting the spread of PCD. ACD2 targeted solely to mitochondria can reduce the accumulation of an ACD2 substrate that originates in chloroplasts, indicating that ACD2 substrate molecules are likely to be mobile within cells. Two different light‐dependent reactive oxygen bursts in mitochondria play prominent and causal roles in theacd2PCD phenotype. Finally, ACD2 can complementacd2when targeted to mitochondria or chloroplasts, respectively, as long as it is catalytically active: the ability to bind substrate is not sufficient for ACD2 to functionin vitroorin vivo. Together, the data suggest that ACD2 localizes dynamically during infection to protect cells from pro‐death mobile substrate molecules, some of which may originate in chloroplasts, but have major effects on mitochondria.
Monitoring patients at risk of massive transfusion with Thrombelastography or Thromboelastometry: a systematic review
Authors: WIKKELSOE A. J. , AFSHARI A. , WETTERSLEV J. , BROK J. , MOELLER A. M. 
Published: October 2011

BackgroundThrombelastography (TEG) and Thrombelastometry (ROTEM) are viscoelastic whole‐blood assays evaluating the haemostatic capacity of blood. These devices are used in algorithms to guide transfusion of haemostatic blood components.MethodsThe methods used for this study were systematic reviews with meta‐analyses and trial sequential analyses of randomised clinical trials (RCTs) of TEG/ROTEM‐based algorithm compared with standard treatment in patients with bleeding. Primary outcome was all‐cause mortality. We searched the literature in seven databases (up to 31 October 2010), reference lists, registers of ongoing trials, and contacted authors and experts. We extracted data from included studies related to study methods, interventions, outcomes, bias risk and adverse events using Cochrane methodology. All trials irrespective of blinding or language status were included.ResultsNine trials involving 776 participants were included. Eight trials involved cardiac surgery with an average blood loss of 390–960 ml, and one trial investigated liver transplantations. One trial was classified as low‐risk‐of‐bias trial. We found two ongoing trials. No impact was identified on mortality, amount of blood transfused, incidence of surgical reinterventions, time to extubation, or length of stay in hospital and intensive care unit. We identified a significant reduction in blood loss favouring the use of TEG/ROTEM {85 ml [95% confidence interval (CI) 29.4−140.7]} and in the proportion of patients receiving freshly frozen plasma and platelets [relative risk 0.39 (95%CI 0.27–0.57)].ConclusionThere is currently weak evidence to support the use of TEG/ROTEM as a tool to guide transfusion in patients with severe bleeding. Further studies need to address other clinical settings and with larger blood losses.
Enhanced recovery after surgery protocols – compliance and variations in practice during routine colorectal surgery
Authors: Ahmed J. , Khan S. , Lim M. , Chandrasekaran T. V. , MacFie J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAim  Although there are numerous studies on the efficacy of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols in reducing length of stay, the long‐term compliance to such protocols in routine clinical practice has not been well documented. The aim of this study was to review the published literature on compliance to ERAS in patients undergoing colorectal surgery in routine clinical practice.Method  Medline, Embase and PubMed databases were searched to identify studies that focused on compliance to ERAS protocols during routine clinical practice. Fourteen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and a total of 19 perioperative ERAS modalities were identified across these studies.Results  None of the studies used all 19 ERAS modalities within their ERAS protocols. Compliance to the various modalities varied considerably between studies and, in general, was poorest during the postoperative period. The use of epidural had the highest compliance (between 67 and 100%), whereas the use of transverse incisions (25%) had the lowest compliance. Length of stay in hospital ranged from 2 to 13 days. Higher compliance was associated with a reduced length of hospital stay. However, reduced length of hospital stay was associated with a high rate of readmission.Conclusion  There is significant variation in the components of, as well as in compliance to, ERAS protocols in daily practice. This may contribute to the observed variation between the studies in length of hospital stay. A standardized and practically feasible ERAS protocol should be established in order to improve the implementation and optimal outcome.
Validity of self‐assessed waist circumference in a multi‐ethnic UK population
Authors: Khunti K. , Taub N. , Webb D. , Srinivasan B. , Stockman J. , Griffin S. J. , Simmons R. K. , Davies M. J. 
Published: October 2011

Diabet. Med. 29, 404–409 (2012)AbstractAims  To investigate validity of waist circumference measurements obtained by self‐report and self‐measurement with non‐verbal pictorial instructions among a multi‐ethnic population.Methods  Five hundred and twenty‐six individuals aged 40–75 years (91 South Asian, 430 White European and five other), who attended a screening programme for Type 2 diabetes, estimated their waist circumference and measured their waist with a paper tape measure. Participants were also provided with simple pictorial instructions for measurement of waist circumference in their preferred language and remeasured their waist circumference. We calculated 95% limits of agreement with measures undertaken by a healthcare professional unaware of prior measures.Results  Mean age was 56.8 years (sd 9.0), mean BMI 30.0 kg/m2 (sd 5.6) and mean waist circumference 98.4 cm (sd 14.1). Seventy‐nine per cent had high waist circumference according to International Diabetes Federation criteria. The mean of participants’ self‐reported value was 6.8 cm lower than the healthcare professional measure (sd 8.8; 95% limits of agreement −10.4 to 24.0 cm), with significant differences by sex and ethnicity (South Asian men 7.5 cm, South Asian women 0.1 cm, White European men 7.8 cm, White European women 7.0 cm, P < 0.001). Compared with healthcare professional measures, mean self‐measured waist circumference was very similar, both with instructions (0.4 cm higher; sd 5.5 cm; −11.1 to 10.4 cm) and without instructions (0.5 cm lower; sd 5.6; −10.4 to 11.4 cm), but with significant differences by sex and ethnicity (P < 0.001).Conclusions  There was systematic underestimation of self‐reported waist circumference in this multi‐ethnic UK population. The magnitude of underestimation might reduce the performance of risk scores; however, this can be corrected through self‐measurement with pictorial instructions.
VENTURE CAPITAL AND INNOVATION: WHICH IS FIRST?
Authors: HIRUKAWA MASAYUKI , UEDA MASAKO 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPolicy‐makers typically interpret positive relations between venture capital (VC) investments and innovations as evidence that VC investments stimulate innovation (VC‐first hypothesis). This interpretation is, however, one‐sided because there may be a reverse causality that innovations induce VC investments (innovation‐first hypothesis): an arrival of new technology increases demand for VC. We analyze this causality issue of VC and innovation in the US manufacturing industry using both total factor productivity growth and patent counts as measures of innovation. We find that, consistent with the innovation‐first hypothesis, total factor productivity growth is often positively and significantly related with future VC investment. We find little evidence that supports the VC‐first hypothesis.
Punishment has a lasting impact on error‐related brain activity
Authors: Riesel Anja , Weinberg Anna , Endrass Tanja , Kathmann Norbert , Hajcak Greg 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe current study examined whether punishment has direct and lasting effects on error‐related brain activity, and whether this effect is larger with increasing trait anxiety. Participants were told that errors on a flanker task would be punished in some blocks but not others. Punishment was applied following 50% of errors in punished blocks during the first half of the experiment (i.e., acquisition), but never in the second half (i.e., extinction). The ERN was enhanced in the punished blocks in both experimental phases—this enhancement remained stable throughout the extinction phase. More anxious individuals were characterized by larger punishment‐related modulations in the ERN. The study reveals evidence for lasting, punishment‐based modulations of the ERN that increase with anxiety. These data suggest avenues for research to examine more specific learning‐related mechanisms that link anxiety to overactive error monitoring.
Antiangiogenic effects of β2‐adrenergic receptor blockade in a mouse model of oxygen‐induced retinopathy
Authors: Martini Davide , Monte Massimo Dal , Ristori Chiara , Cupisti Elena , Mei Sara , Fiorini Patrizio , Filippi Luca , Bagnoli Paola 
Published: October 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 10.1111/j.1471‐4159.2011.07530.xAbstractOxygen‐induced retinopathy (OIR) is a model for human retinopathy of prematurity. In mice with OIR, beta‐adrenergic receptor (β‐AR) blockade with propranolol has been shown to ameliorate different aspects of retinal dysfunction in response to hypoxia. In the present study, we used the OIR model to investigate the role of distinct β‐ARs on retinal proangiogenic factors, pathogenic neovascularization and electroretinographic responses. Our results demonstrate that β2‐AR blockade with ICI 118,551 decreases retinal levels of proangiogenic factors and reduces pathogenic neovascularization, whereas β1‐ and β3‐AR antagonists do not. Determination of retinal protein kinase A activity is indicative of the fact that β‐AR blockers are indeed effective at the receptor level. In addition, the specificity of ICI 118,551 on retinal angiogenesis has been demonstrated by the finding that in mouse retinal explants, β2‐AR silencing prevents ICI 118,551 effects on hypoxia‐induced vascular endothelial growth factor accumulation. In OIR mice, ICI 118,551 is effective in increasing electroretinographic responses suggesting that activation of β2‐ARs constitutes an important part of the retinal response to hypoxia. Lastly, immunohistochemical studies demonstrate that β2‐ARs are localized to several retinal cells, particularly to Müller cells suggesting the possibility that β2‐ARs play a role in regulating vascular endothelial growth factor production by these cells. The present results suggest that pathogenic angiogenesis, a key change in many hypoxic/ischemic vision‐threatening retinal diseases, depends at least in part on β2‐AR activity and indicate that β2‐AR blockade can be effective against retinal angiogenesis.
Mothers’ experiences of peer support via an Internet discussion forum after the death of a child
Authors: Aho Anna Liisa , Paavilainen Erja , Kaunonen Marja 
Published: October 2011

Scand J Caring Sci; 2012; 26; 417–426Mothers’ experiences of peer support via an Internet discussion forum after the death of a childThe aim of this study was to describe mothers’ experiences of peer support via an Internet discussion group for mothers who have a child died. A longitudinal qualitative study design was used. The research data were collected from four (n = 4) bereaved mothers from a private Internet support group titled ‘angel baby’ during the period 2001–2006. The data included 631 messages. Content analysis was used to examine the data. Peer support on an Internet discussion forum included giving and receiving emotional, cognitive and community support among bereaved mothers. The Internet discussion forum was a viable alternative to peer support after the death of a child. A strong sense of communality and lasting friendships was formed between the bereaved mothers who had similar experiences.
Hypoxic hepatitis
Authors: Henrion Jean 
Published: October 2011

AbstractHypoxic hepatitis (HH), an acute liver injury also known as ‘ischaemic hepatitis’ or ‘shock liver’, is frequently observed in intensive care units. HH is heralded by a massive but transient rise in serum aminotransferase activities caused by anoxic necrosis of centrilobular liver cells. Cardiac failure, respiratory failure and toxic‐septic shock are the main underlying conditions accounting for more than 90% of cases, but HH may also occur in other circumstances. Until recently, liver ischaemia, i.e. a drop in hepatic blood flow, was considered the leading, and even the sole, hemodynamic mechanism responsible for HH, and it was generally held that a shock state was required. In reality, other hemodynamic mechanisms of hypoxia, such as passive congestion of the liver, arterial hypoxaemia and dysoxia, play an important role while a shock state is observed in only 50% of cases. Accordingly, ‘ischaemic hepatitis’ and ‘shock liver’ are misnomers. Therapy of HH depends primarily on the nature of the underlying condition. The prognosis is poor, with more than half of patients dying during the hospital stay.
Experimental sward islets: the effect of dung and fertilisation on Hemiptera and Araneae
Authors: DITTRICH ALEX D. K. , HELDEN ALVIN J. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract. 1. Cattle avoid grazing around their dung. This pattern persists after the decomposition of the initial dung patch leading to the formation of taller grass patches, termed islets. It is known that islets hold a disproportionate amount of the arthropods in grazed grasslands.2. An experimental manipulation was set up to investigate the relative effects of vegetation structure and nutrient input on arthropod distributions. Herbivorous bugs (Hemiptera) and predatory spiders (Araneae) were sampled in artificially generated islets treated with dung, fertiliser, a cutting regime to mimic grazing and a fallow control.3. The densities of both Hemiptera and Araneae were affected by the presence of increased nutrient input through dung and fertiliser. The densities of different herbivore taxonomic families were influenced by food plant quality and the predators by the subsequent increase in prey density.4. Delphacidae (Hemiptera) showed a preference for taller more nutrient rich swards treated with fertiliser, whereas Cicadellidae (Hemiptera) were more abundant in those swards treated with dung. Lycosidae (Araneae) were more common in dung‐treated swards, whereas Linypiidae (Araneae) were more common in the taller fertiliser‐treated swards.5. Higher Hemiptera species richness was found in the fertiliser‐ and dung‐treated swards. It is believed that this effect was because of nutrient availability.6. It is likely that the presence of cattle dung islets in grazed grassland plays an important role in the maintenance of biodiversity, through increasing structural heterogeneity.
Semilinear Random Vibrations in Discrete Systems
Authors: Foster E. T. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Random vibration problems are discussed for weakly nonlinear, multidegree-of-freedom discrete systems subjected to zero-mean, stationary random excitation. The semilinear solution technique developed involves substituting an optimum linear set of equations of motion for the actual nonlinear equations of motion. Parameters of this optimum linear system are selected on the basis of the system output so that a cyclic solution occurs. The cycles require parameter selection and response analysis until a convergence occurs in the sense that the answers from cycle to cycle are similar.
Pharmacokinetics of Tenofovir following Intravaginal and Intrarectal Administration of Tenofovir Gel to Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Nuttall Jeremy , Kashuba Angela , Wang Ruili , White Nicole , Allen Philip , Roberts Jeffrey , Romano Joseph 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT
Tenofovir gel (1%) is being developed as a microbicide for the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and has been shown to reduce transmission to women by 39%. The gel also prevents infection in macaques when applied intravaginally or intrarectally prior to challenge with simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV), but very little pharmacokinetic information for macaques is available to help extrapolate the data to humans and thus inform future development activities. We have determined the pharmacokinetics of tenofovir in macaques following intravaginal and intrarectal administration of 0.2, 1, and 5% gels. Plasma and vaginal and rectal fluid samples were collected up to 24 h after dosing, and at 24 h postdosing biopsy specimens were taken from the vaginal wall, cervix, and rectum. Following vaginal and rectal administration, tenofovir rapidly distributed to the matrices distal to the site of administration. In all matrices, exposure increased with increasing dose, and with the 1% and 5% formulations, concentrations remained detectable in most animals 24 h after dosing. At all doses, concentrations at the dosing site were typically 1 to 2 log units higher than those in the opposite compartment and 4 to 5 log units higher than those in plasma. Exposure in vaginal fluid after vaginal dosing was 58 to 82% lower than that in rectal fluid after rectal dosing, but plasma exposure was 1- to 2-fold greater after vaginal dosing than after rectal dosing. These data suggest that a tenofovir-based microbicide may have the potential to protect when exposure is via vaginal or anal intercourse, regardless of whether the microbicide is applied vaginally or rectally.
Highly heritable heartwood properties of Scots pine: possibilities for selective seed harvest in seed orchards
Authors: Partanen Jouni , Harju Anni M. , Venäläinen Martti , Kärkkäinen Katri 
Published: October 2011

The stilbenes pinosylvin (PS) and its monomethyl ether (PSM) provide natural decay resistance to Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) heartwood timber. For growing trees, the inducible stilbene production serves as a defence against biotic and abiotic stresses. To improve the potential of reforestation material to produce stilbenes, we assessed the possibilities of selective harvesting from seed orchards. Half-sib progenies growing in a field trial and their grafted mothers in seed orchards were surveyed for several chemical and dimensional heartwood characteristics. The correlations between the clonal means of grafted mothers and the family means of their progenies were high for concentration of PS (r = 0.83, p = 0.000) and PSM (r = 0.60, p = 0.010) and for heartwood density (r = 0.72, p = 0.001). For these traits, the narrow-sense heritabilities (h2) estimated from the progeny trial and the broad-sense heritabilities (H2) in seed orchards were high as well. For the concentration of PS, both h2 (0.67) and H2 (0.81) showed the highest values of any trait. The selective collection of Scots pine seed from seed orchards is a promising way to obtain seedlings that possess genetic potential for active defence and to produce high-quality heartwood as mature trees.