bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bronchoalveolar lavage versus bolus administration of lucinactant, a synthetic surfactant in meconium aspiration in newborn lambs
Authors: Rey‐Santano C. , Alvarez‐Diaz F.J. , Mielgo V. , Murgia X. , Lafuente H , Ruiz‐del‐Yerro E. , Valls‐i‐Soler A. , Gastiasoro E. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis study was designed to study effects of lung lavage versus the classical bolus instillation with a peptide‐based synthetic surfactant (lucinactant) in a model of Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS). Eighteen newborn lambs received meconium and were randomized to: the experimental meconium installation (eMAS) group—lambs with eMAS kept on conventional mechanical ventilation (control); the SF‐Bolus group—eMAS receiving a lucinactant bolus (30 mg/ml); or the D‐SF‐Lavage group—eMAS treated with dilute lucinactant bronchoalveolar lavage (10 mg/ml). Systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures, blood gases, and pulmonary mechanics were recorded for 180 min. In addition, the intrapulmonary distribution of the lucinactant was determined using dye‐labeled microspheres. Following meconium instillation, severe hypoxia, hypercapnia, acidosis, and pulmonary hypertension developed, and dynamic compliance decreased (50% from baseline). After lung lavage with dilute lucinactant, gas exchange significantly improved versus bolus instillation (P < 0.05). Further, only in the lavage group did pulmonary arterial pressure return to basal values and dynamic compliance significantly increased. Both lung lavage and bolus techniques for the administration of lucinactant resulted in a non‐uniform lung distribution. In conclusion, in newborn lambs with respiratory failure and pulmonary hypertension induced by meconium, lung lavage with dilute lucinactant seems to be an effective and safe alternative for treatment for MAS. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:991–999. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tomato juice protects the lungs of the offspring of female rats exposed to nicotine during gestation and lactation
Authors: Maritz G.S. , Mutemwa M. , Kayigire A.X. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMaternal nicotine exposure during gestation and lactation adversely affects lung development in the offspring. It has been suggested that the “program” that control long‐term maintenance of the structural integrity of the lung may be compromised. The aim of the study was to study the long‐term effect of maternal nicotine exposure on the structural integrity of the lungs of the offspring, and secondly to determine whether supplementing the mother's diet with tomato juice, as a rich source of antioxidants such as lycopene, will prevent the effects of nicotine on the lungs of the offspring. Wistar rats were used in the study. After mating the rats were randomly divided into three groups. One group received nicotine (1 mg/kg body weight/day); a second group received tomato juice; and a third group received nicotine and tomato juice. The controls receive saline. Morphological and morphometric techniques were used to evaluate changes in the lung structure of the offspring at postnatal days 21, 42, 63, and 84. Neither nicotine nor tomato juice had any effect on the growth of the offspring. Although maternal nicotine exposure during gestation and lactation had no effect on the lung parenchyma of the offspring up to weaning, deterioration, and other structural changes started to appear around postnatal day 42, that is, 3 weeks after weaning and thus the onset of nicotine withdrawal. Microscopic emphysema was apparent at postnatal day 42, the increase in male and female lung volume from postnatal day 63 and thickening of the alveolar walls at postnatal day 84. All these nicotine‐induced structural changes were prevented by supplementing the mother's diet with tomato juice. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:976–986. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Non‐invasive ventilation in pediatric status asthmaticus: A prospective observational study
Authors: Mayordomo‐Colunga Juan , Medina Alberto , Rey Corsino , Concha Andrés , Menéndez Sergio , Arcos Marta Los , Vivanco‐Allende Ana 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectiveNon‐invasive ventilation (NIV) has been shown to be effective in different causes of respiratory failure in both adult and pediatric patients. However, its role in status asthmaticus (SA) remains unclear. We designed a prospective study to assess the feasibility of NIV in children with SA.Study designProspective observational study, over a 4.5‐year period.Patient selectionChildren with SA unresponsive to conventional therapy with a modified Wood's clinical asthma score (m‐WCAS) ≥4 and marked increased work of breathing, were included.MethodologyPatients were placed on pressure support NIV. During NIV therapy, salbutamol was nebulized continuously and ipratropium bromide every 2 hr; methyl‐prednisolone was given at a dose of 1–2 mg/kg/6 hr. Clinical variables were measured at baseline and at 1, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hr.ResultsDuring the study period, there were 122 PICU admissions due to SA; 72 episodes fulfilled inclusion criteria. Baseline mean values were as follows: m‐WCAS of 5.7 points, heart rate (HR) of 166.7 beats/min, respiratory rate (RR) of 49.5 breaths/min and FiO2 of 45.3%. In the first hour m‐WCAS fell 2.3 ± 1.5 points, HR 13.5 ± 14 beats/min, and RR 9.8 ± 10 breaths/min (P < 0.01). After institution of NIV therapy, 5 children required intubation due to increasing respiratory distress. There was one case of massive subcutaneous emphysema, with no other serious adverse effects associated with NIV.ConclusionsThese results show that NIV is a feasible therapy in children with SA unresponsive to conventional treatment. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:949–955. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A survey of the utilization of anti‐pseudomonal beta‐lactam therapy in cystic fibrosis patients
Authors: Zobell Jeffery T. , Young David C. , Waters C. Dustin , Ampofo Krow , Cash Jared , Marshall Bruce C. , Olson Jared , Chatfield Barbara A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to characterize the utilization of anti‐pseudomonal beta‐lactam antibiotics in the treatment of acute pulmonary exacerbations (APE) among Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (CFF)‐accredited care centers. An anonymous national cross‐sectional survey of CFF‐accredited care centers was performed using an electronic survey tool (SurveyMonkey.com®). One hundred and twenty‐one of 261 centers completed the survey (46%) representing 56% (14,856/26,740) of patients in the CFF Patient Registry. One hundred and nineteen of 121 (98%) respondents reported using beta‐lactams for the treatment of APE. Intermittent dosing regimens constituted 155/167 (93%) reported regimens, while extended infusions were 12/167 (7%). Ceftazidime was the most commonly utilized beta‐lactam comprising 74/167 (44%) of all infusions (intermittent and extended) of which 70/74 (95%) were intermittent infusions. The majority of intermittent ceftazidime regimens (56/70; 80%) were at doses lower than CFF and European guidelines recommended doses. In conclusion, a great majority of respondents use intermittent anti‐pseudomonal beta‐lactam antibiotics, with over half of respondents utilizing lower than guidelines recommended doses. While this is of concern, it is not known if optimization of dosing strategies according to guidelines recommendations will result in clinical benefit. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:987–990. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Airway refractoriness to inhaled mannitol after repeated challenge
Authors: Suh Dong In , Lee Ju Kyung , Kim Jin‐Tack , Koh Young Yull 
Published: April 2011

AbstractExercise and inhaled mannitol are thought to cause bronchoconstriction through a similar mechanism in asthma. The response to exercise becomes refractory with repeated challenges. This study aimed to investigate whether repeated challenge with mannitol induces refractoriness, as with exercise.Forty‐one children with asthma underwent two consecutive dose–response mannitol challenges (Phase 1); the second challenge proceeded after recovery (FEV1: 95% or more of baseline value) from the first. The response to mannitol was expressed as a provocative dose causing a 15% fall in FEV1 (PD15) and the response–dose ratio (RDR) (% fall in FEV1/cumulative dose). In 18 subjects who were deemed to have mannitol refractoriness in Phase 1, a mannitol challenge was performed before and after a methacholine challenge (Phase 2).In Phase 1, the time taken for the FEV1 to recover after the first mannitol challenge ranged from 20 to 100 min with a median of 50 min. In the 23 subjects with a measurable mannitol PD15 in both challenges, the geometric mean (95%CI) PD15 in the second challenge (163 mg [114–232]) was significantly higher than that in the first challenge (66 mg [50–88], P < 0.001). The geometric mean (95%CI) RDR decreased from the value of 0.083%/mg (0.055–0.125) in the first challenge to 0.029%/mg (0.017–0.048) in the second challenge (P < 0.001). In Phase 2, prior challenge with methacholine or mannitol did not significantly alter subsequent bronchoconstriction to the opposite challenge.Repeated challenge with mannitol resulted in less bronchoconstriction when compared with the initial challenge. This refractoriness seems not to be attributable to functional loss of responsiveness or non‐specific effect of prior bronchoconstriction. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:1007–1014. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Descriptive analysis of central sleep apnea in childhood at a single center
Authors: Kritzinger Fiona E. , Al‐Saleh Suhail , Narang Indra 
Published: April 2011

AbstractData on central sleep apnea (CSA) and its significance in children are limited. Our objectives were to describe the polysomnogram (PSG) characteristics and clinical features of children with significant CSA at a single pediatric sleep center.Study Design and MethodsA retrospective chart review of children diagnosed with CSA on a PSG, from January 2007 to December 2008, was performed. All the PSG's were performed in the pediatric sleep laboratory at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Canada. All children diagnosed with significant CSA with a PSG was eligible for inclusion. Each PSG was conducted and scored according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine standard. Significant CSA was defined as a central apnea index (CAI) of >5 events/hr. Outcome for each patient was defined by the percentage change in the CAI at follow up.Results52/969 (5.4%) patients had a CAI > 5/hr on a baseline PSG. Of the 25/52 (13 males) patients who met inclusion criteria, the median age was 19 months (range 3–156 months) and their median BMI z score was +0.27 (range −2.95 to 3.02). The median CAI was 11 events/hr (range 6–198/hr). The mean oxygen saturations ranged from 92.8% to 98.5%, with a median of 97%. Six (24%) patients had associated sleep‐related hypoventilation and none of the patients had periodic breathing. The commonest identifiable risk factor for CSA in the study population was a neurological disorder.ConclusionsThis study confirms that CSA is an important finding in a significant number of young children referred for an evaluation for suspected sleep related disordered breathing. Any child diagnosed with CSA warrants full clinical assessment, including neuro‐imaging. Future research should aim to evaluate the long term outcome of significant CSA. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:1023–1030. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Physical activity, fitness, and dyspnea perception in children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Turchetta Attilio , Fintini Danilo , Cafiero Giulia , Calzolari Armando , Giordano Ugo , Cutrera Renato , Morini Francesco , Braguglia Annabella , Bagolan Pietro 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe assessed whether physical activity could influence the performance and perception of dyspnea in children who were operated on for high risk congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). We hypothesized that CDH children with normal activity would have better lung function and exercise performance level when compared to sedentary CDH subjects.We studied 18 children (11 males and 7 females, mean age 6.6 ± 2.6 years) who were surgically corrected. All children underwent physical examination, ECG at rest, and a maximal exercise stress test on a treadmill to measure the duration of exercise, maximal heart rate and blood pressure, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max and VO2 ml/kg/min). Lung function testing to measure forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow (PEF) was also performed. Following the stress test, the Dalhousie dyspnea and effort scale was shown to children as a pictorial panel with three groups of increasing (from 1 to 7) levels of effort perception, throat discomfort, and chest dyspnea. Children were divided into group A (sedentary) and group B (regular physical participation). There was no difference in CDH severity between the two groups. Group A had a statistically significant lower duration of exercise (P < 0.01), maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max P < 0.0001), VO2 ml/kg/min (P < 0.001), higher throat closing feeling (P < 0.004), chest dyspnea (P < 0.001), and effort perception (P < 0.04) compared to group B. No differences were found in lung function tests.In conclusion, our data may suggest that children with a history of CDH who are active maintain a higher level of performance with less perception of dyspnea and effort. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:1000–1006. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Not all children with nodular interstitial lung patterns in South Africa have TB—A rare case of paediatric “Bird Fanciers' disease”
Authors: Andronikou Savvas , Goussard Pierre , Gie Robert P. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBird Fancier's disease is an allergic alveolitis that is rare in children. We describe the relevance of adequate history for making the diagnosis in children and the difficulty distinguishing this entity on chest radiographs and CT from imaging patterns caused by infections such as tuberculosis and HIV in developing countries. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:1134–1136. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Salivary cortisol levels in prepubertal children using inhaled corticosteroids with or without concurrent intranasal corticosteroids
Authors: Heijsman Sigrid M. , de Vries Tjalling W. , Wolthuis Albert , Kamps Arvid W.A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundInhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and intranasal steroids (INS) are frequently co‐administered in children with asthma and rhinitis. In contrast to monotherapy with ICS or INS, little is known about the safety of concurrent use of topical steroids on hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis function in prepubertal children.ObjectiveComparison of morning salivary cortisol levels in prepubertal children using maintenance treatment with ICS with and without concurrent use of INS to steroid naïve control groups (healthy children, and children with constipation who are under pediatric care).MethodsCross‐sectional observational study in prepubertal children (6–12 years) using ICS alone (n = 41) or in combination with INS (n = 22), compared to different control groups with no steroid treatment (18 healthy children, and 28 children with constipation). Morning salivary cortisol levels were determined from saliva samples collected at home.ResultsThe morning salivary cortisol levels of the healthy children (8.7 nmol/L; 95% CI 5.9–18.8), and the children with constipation (8.9 nmol/L; 8.0–11.3) were comparable. The salivary cortisol levels of prepubertal children using ICS (median 4.7 nmol/L; 95% CI 4.6–6.9) or a combination of ICS and INS (5.1 nmol/L; 4.2–7.6) were comparable, but significantly reduced compared to both control groups. There was no correlation between salivary cortisol level and age, duration of disease, or cumulative daily dose of topical steroids.ConclusionSalivary cortisol levels in prepubertal children using ICS, with or without concurrent use of INS, were comparable. However, salivary cortisol levels were significantly reduced compared to steroid naïve controls, irrespective of the cumulative daily dose of topical steroids. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:1055–1061. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The myristoylation of guanylate cyclase‐activating protein‐2 causes an increase in thermodynamic stability in the presence but not in the absence of Ca2+
Authors: Schröder Thomas , Lilie Hauke , Lange Christian 
Published: April 2011

AbstractGuanylate cyclase activating protein‐2 (GCAP‐2) is a Ca2+‐binding protein of the neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) family. Ca2+‐free GCAP‐2 activates the retinal rod outer segment guanylate cyclases ROS‐GC1 and 2. Native GCAP‐2 is N‐terminally myristoylated. Detailed structural information on the Ca2+‐dependent conformational switch of GCAP‐2 is missing so far, as no atomic resolution structures of the Ca2+‐free state have been determined. The role of the myristoyl moiety remains poorly understood. Available functional data is incompatible with a Ca2+‐myristoyl switch as observed in the prototype NCS protein, recoverin. For the homologous GCAP‐1, a Ca2+‐independent sequestration of the myristoyl moiety inside the proteins structure has been proposed. In this article, we compare the thermodynamic stabilities of myristoylated and non‐myristoylated GCAP‐2 in their Ca2+‐bound and Ca2+‐free forms, respectively, to gain information on the nature of the Ca2+‐dependent conformational switch of the protein and shed some light on the role of its myristoyl group. In the absence of Ca2+, the stability of the myristoylated and non‐myristoylated forms was indistinguishable. Ca2+ exerted a stabilizing effect on both forms of the protein, which was significantly stronger for myr GCAP‐2. The stability data were corroborated by dye binding experiments performed to probe the solvent‐accessible hydrophobic surface of the protein. Our results strongly suggest that the myristoyl moiety is permanently solvent‐exposed in Ca2+‐free GCAP‐2, whereas it interacts with a hydrophobic part of the protein's structure in the Ca2+‐bound state.
A Three‐Gene panel on urine increases PSA specificity in the detection of prostate cancer
Authors: Rigau Marina , Ortega Israel , Mir Maria Carmen , Ballesteros Carlos , Garcia Marta , Llauradó Marta , Colás Eva , Pedrola Núria , Montes Melania , Sequeiros Tamara , Ertekin Tugce , Majem Blanca , Planas Jacques , Ruiz Anna , Abal Miguel , Sánchez Alex , Morote Juan , Reventós Jaume , Doll Andreas 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDSeveral studies have demonstrated the usefulness of monitoring an RNA transcript, such as PCA3, in post‐prostate massage (PM) urine for increasing the specificity of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) in the detection of prostate cancer (PCa). However, a single marker may not necessarily reflect the multifactorial nature of PCa.METHODSWe analyzed post‐PM urine samples from 154 consecutive patients, who presented for prostate biopsies because of elevated serum PSA (>4 ng/ml) and/or abnormal digital rectal exam. We tested whether the putative PCa biomarkers PSMA, PSGR, and PCA3 could be detected by quantitative real‐time PCR in post‐PM urine sediment. We combined these findings to test if a combination of these biomarkers could improve the specificity of actual diagnosis. Afterwards, we specifically tested our model for clinical usefulness in the PSA diagnostic “gray zone” (4–10 ng/ml) on a target subset of 82 men with no prior biopsy.RESULTSBy univariate analysis, we found that the PSMA, PSGR, and PCA3 scores were significant predictors of PCa. Using a multiplex model, the area under the multi receiver‐operating characteristic curve was 0.74 versus 0.82 in the diagnostic “gray zone.” Fixing the sensitivity at 96%, we obtained a specificity of 34% and 50% in the gray zone.CONCLUSIONSTaken together, these results provide a strategy for the development of a more accurate model for PCa diagnosis. In the future, a multiplexed, urine‐based diagnostic test for PCa with a higher specificity, but the same sensitivity as the serum‐PSA test, could be used to determine better which patients should undergo biopsy. Prostate 71:1736–1745, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Passive bioelectrical properties for assessing high‐ and low‐grade prostate adenocarcinoma
Authors: Halter Ryan J. , Schned Alan R. , Heaney John A. , Hartov Alex 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe electrical properties of prostate tissues are dependent on cellular morphology and have been demonstrated to distinguish between benign and malignant formations. Because Gleason grading is also based on tissue architecture we explored the hypothesis that the electrical properties might also provide discriminating power between high‐ and low‐Gleason grade cancers.METHODSElectrical properties (σ, ε, Δσ, σ∞, fc, and α) were gauged from 546 prostate tissue samples and correlated with histopathological assessment. Primary and secondary Gleason grades and a Gleason score were assigned to the tissues identified as cancer. We evaluated how well differently graded cancers were separable from benign tissues and from each other on the basis of these properties using ROC curves.RESULTSOf the 546 prostate tissue samples, 71 were identified as cancer and 465 as benign. ε, Δσ, σ∞, and fc provided the most discriminatory power with area under the curves (AUCs) ranging from 0.77–0.82 for detecting any cancer, 0.72–0.8 for low‐grade cancer, and increasing to 0.87–0.9 for detecting high‐grade cancer. Further, ε, Δσ, and σ∞, provided AUCs ranging from 0.74 to 0.75 for discriminating between low‐ and high‐grade cancers.CONCLUSIONSUsing the electrical properties to identify prostate cancer is improved when high‐grade cancers are sought. These electrical properties can also discriminate between different grades of tumors. These findings suggest that technologies being developed to sense and image these properties in vivo may discriminate between aggressive and indolent lesions. Prostate 71:1759–1767, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
BRCA1 mutations do not increase prostate cancer risk: Results from a meta‐analysis including new data
Authors: Fachal Laura , Gómez‐Caamaño Antonio , Celeiro‐Muñoz Catuxa , Peleteiro Paula , Blanco Ana , Carballo Ana , Forteza Jerónimo , Carracedo Ángel , Vega Ana 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough in recent years deleterious BRCA1 mutations have been extensively studied as a prostate cancer risk factor, results are inconclusive. To assess the contribution of the BRCA1 Galician founder mutation c.211A>G in prostate cancer morbidity we conducted a case‐control study. Moreover, to better elucidate whether deleterious BRCA1 mutations are involved in the development of prostate cancer, we performed a systematic review and a meta‐analysis of BRCA1 studies on prostate cancer.METHODSA total of 905 unselected men diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the prostate and a control group of 936 unrelated men without history of prostate cancer were evaluated for c.211A>G. Adjusted by age Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression. To construct the meta‐analysis, genotype‐based epidemiological studies reporting BRCA1 founder mutations on prostate cancer were identified by comprehensive and systematic bibliographic search. After extraction of relevant data, main and subgroup analysis by mutation were performed to assess the effect of BRCA1 on prostate cancer risk.RESULTSFour c.211A>G heterozygous individuals, one patient and three controls, were detected (OR = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.01–2.36; P = 0.28). Meta‐analysis results from the integration of our data and other seven studies with BRCA1 genotyping data (5,705 prostate cancer cases and 13,218 controls) did not detect an association with prostate cancer risk (OR = 1.36; 95% CI: 0.87–2.14; P = 0.18).CONCLUSIONSOur conclusive trial demonstrates the lack of association between Galician splicing mutation c.211A>G in the BRCA1 gene and prostate cancer risk. Moreover, the result of the meta‐analysis also discards the involvement of BRCA1 mutations in the development of prostate cancer. Prostate 71:1768–1779, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.