bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posterior capsular opacification in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome: a long‐term perspective
Authors: Østern Atle E. , Sæthre Marit , Sandvik Gunhild , Råen Marianne , Drolsum Liv 
Published: March 2012

Abstract.Purpose:  To compare posterior capsular opacification in patients with and without pseudoexfoliation syndrome 6–7 years following surgery.Methods:  Forty‐four eyes of 44 patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome who underwent cataract surgery with phacoemulsification in 2001 and 2002 were available for follow‐up in 2008. These patients were compared to 86 age‐ and gender‐matched patients (86 eyes) without pseudoexfoliation syndrome who had surgery during the same time period. Posterior capsule opacification was assessed using digital retroillumination photography. The images were analysed with a software program (POCOman) to determine the extent and severity of the capsular opacification.Results:  Percentage and severity of posterior capsular opacification within the central 4.0 and 1.3 mm of the optical zone were compared in eyes with and without pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Neither of these results were statistically significant. Before the re‐examination in 2008, neodymium:yttrium‐aluminium‐garnet laser posterior capsulotomy had been conducted in 16% (n = 7) of eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome, as well as in 16% (n = 14) of eyes without pseudoexfoliation syndrome.Conclusion:  Our study indicates that, with phacoemulsification, development of long‐term posterior capsular opacification is not increased in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome after uncomplicated cataract surgery.
Ocular phenotype of CORD5, an autosomal dominant retinal dystrophy associated with PITPNM3 p.Q626H mutation
Authors: Reinis Ainars , Golovleva Irina , Köhn Linda , Sandgren Ola 
Published: March 2012

Abstract.Purpose:  To describe in detail the phenotype of CORD5 in two families segregating a mutation c.1878G>C (p.Q626H) in the PITPNM3 gene.Methods:  The study included 35 individuals from two different families of Swedish origin, all heterozygous for a PITPNM3 p.Q626H mutation. All participants underwent ophthalmological examination including kinetic perimetry, and in selected cases adaptometry, colour vision tests and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Electrophysiological studies were also performed. In some cases, the data were obtained from medical records.Results:  The majority of patients showed subnormal visual acuity and light sensitivity from childhood. Early signs of macular degeneration were also observed. There was a progressive decrease in visual acuity leading to legal blindness in early adulthood. Electrophysiological testing showed a progressive loss of photoreceptor function restricted mainly to the cones. OCT revealed decreased macular thickness with flattened and enlarged fovea.Conclusion:  Our observations of the PITPNM3 p.Q626H mutation carriers confirm that CORD5 is a disease not to mix with other retinal degenerations mapped to 17p13. The results of our clinical evaluation so far indicate that CORD5 is characterized by predominant cone dysfunction without signs of general involvement of the retinal pigment epithelium. The rod system also seems to be unaffected. In this sense, CORD5 is different from other autosomal dominant CORDs where rod involvement is present to some degree in a late phase of the disease. Some intra‐ and inter‐familial differences regarding the severity of the clinical picture were observed.
Isolation of Campylobacter from Feral Swine (Sus scrofa) on the Ranch Associated with the 2006 Escherichia coli O157:H7 Spinach Outbreak Investigation in California
Authors: Jay‐Russell M. T. , Bates A. , Harden L. , Miller W. G. , Mandrell R. E. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryWe report the isolation of Campylobacter species from the same population of feral swine that was investigated in San Benito County, California, during the 2006 spinach‐related Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreak. This is the first survey of Campylobacter in a free‐ranging feral swine population in the United States. Campylobacter species were cultured from buccal and rectal‐anal swabs, colonic faeces and tonsils using a combination of selective enrichment and antibiotic‐free membrane filtration methods. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS, Bruker Daltonics, Inc., Billerica, MA, USA) was used to identify species followed by confirmatory multiplex PCR or 16S rRNA sequencing. Genetic relatedness of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains was determined by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and porA allele sequencing. Altogether, 12 (40%) of 30 feral swine gastrointestinal and oral cavity specimens were positive, and six species were isolated: Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter fetus, Campylobacter hyointestinalsis, Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter lanienae and Campylobacter sputorum. Campylobacter jejuni subtypes were closely related to MLST sequence type 21 (ST‐21) and had identical porA sequences. Campylobacter coli subtypes were unrelated to isolates in the pubMLST/porA database. This feral swine population lived in close association with a ‘grassfed’ beef cattle herd adjacent to spinach and other leafy green row crop fields. The findings underscore the importance of protecting raw vegetable crops from faecal contamination by wild or feral animals. The study also illustrates a potential risk of Campylobacter exposure for hunters during handling and processing of wild swine meat.
A community pharmacy-based cardiovascular screening service: views of service users and the public
Authors: Taylor Julia , Krska Janet , Mackridge Adam 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo determine whether pharmacy-based cardiovascular disease (CVD) screening reached the desired population, the local population's awareness of pharmacy screening and the views of service users and the general public about CVD screening.MethodsPharmacy staff, located in one English Primary Care Trust providing a CVD screening service, issued questionnaires to service users who had undergone screening. Face-to-face street surveys were conducted with members of the general public within the vicinity of each participating pharmacy.Key findingsA total of 259 people were screened within the first 6 months of service provision, 97 of whom (37.4%) completed the evaluation questionnaire. In addition, 261 non-service users participated in street surveys. Most respondents among both service users and non-users had at least one risk factor for cardiovascular disease, including smoking and lack of exercise. Responses to statements regarding CVD screening showed a high level of agreement with the need for screening in both groups. However, significantly more service users (90.7%) agreed that a pharmacy was a good place for screening compared to the non-users (77.4%; P &lt; 0.005). Likewise significantly fewer service users agreed that screening should be only carried out by doctors (10.3 compared to 25.3% of non-users; P &lt; 0.005). The overall majority of service users 96 (99.7%) had a positive experience of the screening service, agreeing that they were given enough time and pharmacists made them feel at ease. Only 9% of non-users were aware of the pharmacy service and, although the majority (78.4%) were willing to be screened at a pharmacy, this was significantly lower among males than females (69.9 compared to 82.7%; P &lt; 0.005). Perceived concerns about confidentiality and lack of privacy were among barriers identified to taking up screening.ConclusionPharmacy-based CVD screening is acceptable to the public. Its uptake could be improved through increased awareness of the service and by addressing concerns about privacy and confidentiality in promotional activities.
Whole-Genome Sequence of Wolbachia Strain
w
AlbB, an Endosymbiont of Tiger Mosquito Vector Aedes albopictus
Authors: Mavingui Patrick , Valiente Moro Claire , Tran-Van Van , Wisniewski-Dyé Florence , Raquin Vincent , Minard Guillaume , Tran Florence-Hélène , Voronin Denis , Rouy Zoé , Bustos Patricia , Lozano Luis , Barbe Valérie , González Víctor 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

Although bacteria of the genus
Wolbachia
induced significant extended phenotypes to infected hosts, most molecular mechanisms involved are still unknown. To gain insight into the bacterial genetic determinants, we sequenced the whole genome of
Wolbachia w
AlbB strain, a commensal obligate intracellular of the tiger mosquito
Aedes albopictus
.
Complete Genome Sequence of Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae HS11286, a Multidrug-Resistant Strain Isolated from Human Sputum
Authors: Liu Pinglei , Li Peng , Jiang Xiaofei , Bi Dexi , Xie Yingzhou , Tai Cui , Deng Zixin , Rajakumar Kumar , Ou Hong-Yu 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

Klebsiella pneumoniae
is an important pathogen commonly associated with opportunistic infections. Here we report the genome sequence of a strain, HS11286, isolated from human sputum in 2011 in Shanghai, China. It contains one chromosome (5.3 Mb), three multidrug resistance plasmids (∼110 kb), including a carbapenemase producer, and three small plasmids (∼3 kb).
The Complete Genome of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp.
plantarum
CAU B946 Contains a Gene Cluster for Nonribosomal Synthesis of Iturin A
Authors: Blom Jochen , Rueckert Christian , Niu Ben , Wang Qi , Borriss Rainer 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

The genome of the rhizobacterium
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
subsp.
plantarum
CAU B946 was 4.02 Mb in size and harbored 3,823 genes (coding sequences [CDS]). Nine giant gene clusters were dedicated to nonribosomal synthesis of antimicrobial compounds. Remarkably, strain CAU B946 possessed a gene cluster involved in synthesis of iturin A.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Dairy Isolate Streptococcus macedonicus ACA-DC 198
Authors: Papadimitriou Konstantinos , Ferreira Stéphanie , Papandreou Nikolaos C. , Mavrogonatou Eleni , Supply Philip , Pot Bruno , Tsakalidou Effie 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

The species
Streptococcus macedonicus
is associated with the food environment, especially with fermented dairy products. Here we present the complete 2.1-Mb genome sequence of strain ACA-DC 198, which was isolated from naturally fermented Greek kasseri cheese.
First malaria infections in a cohort of infants in Benin: biological, environmental and genetic determinants. Description of the study site, population methods and preliminary results
Authors: Le Port Agnès , Cottrell Gilles , Martin-Prevel Yves , Migot-Nabias Florence , Cot Michel , Garcia André 
Published: March 2012

ObjectivesMalaria infection of the placenta during pregnancy was found to be associated with infant susceptibility to malaria. Other factors such as the intensity of malaria transmission and the nutritional status of the child might also play a role, which has not been adequately taken into account in previous studies. The aim of this study was to assess precisely the parts played by environmental, nutritional and biological determinants in first malaria infections, with a special interest in the role of placental infection. The objective of this paper is not to present final results but to outline the rationale of the study, to describe the methods used and to report baseline data.DesignA cohort of infants followed with a parasitological (symptomatic and asymptomatic parasitaemia) and nutritional follow-up from birth to 18 months. Ecological, entomological and behavioural data were collected along the duration of the study.SettingA rural area in Benin with two seasonal peaks in malaria transmission.Participants656 infants of women willing to participate in the study, giving birth in one of the three maternity clinics and living in one of the nine villages of the study area.Primary Outcome MeasuresThe time and frequency of first malaria parasitaemias in infants, according toPlasmodium falciparuminfection of the placenta.Results11% of mothers had a malaria-infected placenta at delivery. Mosquito catches made every 6 weeks in the area showed an average annualP falciparumentomological inoculation rate of 15.5, with important time and space variations depending on villages. Similarly, the distribution of rainfalls, maximal during the two rainy seasons, was heterogeneous over the area.ConclusionsConsidering the multidisciplinary approach of all factors potentially influencing the malaria status of newborn babies, this study should bring evidence on the implication of placental malaria in the occurrence of first malaria infections in infants.
A survey of early health effects of the Eyjafjallajökull 2010 eruption in Iceland: a population-based study
Authors: Carlsen Hanne Krage , Gislason Thorarinn , Benediktsdottir Bryndis , Kolbeinsson Thorir Bjorn , Hauksdottir Arna , Thorsteinsson Throstur , Briem Haraldur 
Published: March 2012

ObjectiveTo estimate physical and mental health effects of the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic eruption on nearby residents.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThe Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull erupted on 14 April 2010. The eruption lasted for about 6 weeks and was explosive, ejecting some 8 million tons of fine particles into the atmosphere. Due to prevailing winds, the ash spread mostly to the south and south-east, first over the rural region to the south, later over the Atlantic Ocean and Europe, closing European air space for several days.ParticipantsResidents (n=207) of the most ash-exposed rural area south and east of the volcano.MethodsThe study period was from 31 May to 11 June 2010. Participants were examined by a physician. To ascertain respiratory health, standardised spirometry was performed before and after the use of a bronchodilator. All adult participants answered questionnaires about mental and physical health, their children's health and the use of protective equipment.ResultsEvery other adult participant reported irritation in eyes and upper airway when exposed to volcanic ash. Adults (n=26) and children (n=5) with pre-existing asthma frequently reported worsening of their symptoms. No serious health problems requiring hospitalisation could be attributed to the eruption. The majority of the participants reported no abnormal physical or mental symptoms to the examining physician. Compared to an age- and gender-matched reference group, the ash-exposed participants reported lower smoking rates and were less likely to have ventilation impairment. Less than 10% of the participants reported symptoms of stress, anxiety or depression.ConclusionsShort-term ash exposure was associated with upper airway irritation symptoms and exacerbation of pre-existing asthma but did not contribute to serious health problems. The exposure did not impair respiratory function compared to controls. Outdoor use of protective glasses and face masks was considered protective against irritation in eyes and upper airway.
Will more restrictive indications decrease rates of urinary catheterisation? An historical comparative study
Authors: Shimoni Zvi , Rodrig Joseph , Kamma Nama , Froom Paul 
Published: March 2012

ObjectivesTo determine if more restrictive indications for urinary catheterisation reinforced by daily chart review will lower catheterisation rates.DesignAn historical comparative observational study.SettingAn internal medicine department in a regional hospital in Israel.ParticipantsThe authors compared 882 patients hospitalised after a change in policy to an historical cohort of 690 hospitalised patients. Exclusions included patients less than age 30 and those with bladder outlet obstruction.InterventionEmergency and internal medicine department physicians received instruction on a more restricted urinary catheterisation policy. During daily chart rounds, admissions were discussed with an emphasis on the appropriateness of all new urinary catheter insertions.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure was catheterisation rate by admission diagnosis. Secondary outcome measures were the need for post-admission in hospital catheterisations and the rate of indwelling catheters 14 or more days after discharge.ResultsThere was a reduction in catheterisation rate in patients with congestive heart failure from 30/106 (29.3%) to 3/107 (2.8%) (p<0.001), in patients with an admission diagnosis of fever unable to provide a urine sample for culture from 35/132 (26.5%) to 12/153 (7.8%) (p<0.001) and in patients admitted for palliative care from 51.7% (15/29) to 12.0% (3/25) (p=0.002). The overall rate of catheterisation decreased from 17.5% (121/690) to 6.6% (58/882) (p<0.001). There was only one indicated catheterisation after admission due to the change in policy, and the proportion of patients discharged with catheters decreased.ConclusionThe use of more restrictive indications for urinary catheterisation along with daily chart rounds can reduce the rate of urinary catheterisation in an internal medicine department without adverse consequences.
Familial factors and child characteristics as predictors of injuries in toddlers: a prospective cohort study: Table 1
Authors: Myhre Mia Cathrine , Thoresen Siri , Grøgaard Jens Bernard , Dyb Grete 
Published: March 2012

ObjectiveTo identify family and child characteristics that put toddlers at risk of injuries.DesignA prospective cohort study.SettingThis study was based on the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health.ParticipantsThe study sample consisted of 26 087 children and their mothers.Outcome measuresFamily and child characteristics measured before or at 18 months of age were investigated as potential predictors of hospital-attended injuries that occurred between 18 and 36 months of age.ResultsIn the multivariable analysis, younger maternal age (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.00), financial problems (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.39), maternal mental distress (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.16), having older siblings (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.39), increased gestational age at birth (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.07) and male gender (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.42) were risk factors for hospital-attended injuries. Children with impaired gross motor development had a decreased risk of injury (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.99), whereas those with impaired fine motor development had an increased risk (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.97). Shyness was a protective factor (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.86 to 0.98). Children with three reported attention problems had a slightly increased risk of hospital-attended injuries (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.72; p=0.035); otherwise, behaviour was not a significant risk factor.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that a wide variety of factors were in play as predictors of injuries in young children. Both child-related factors (gender, gestational age at birth, child motor development, shyness and attention) and familial factors (having older siblings, maternal age, financial difficulties and maternal mental health problems) were associated with injuries in toddlers.
Comparison of overlapping (OP) and adjacent thumb positions (AP) for cardiac compressions using the encircling method in infants
Authors: Lim Jung Soo , Cho YongCheol , Ryu Seung , Lee Jin Woong , Kim SeungWhan , Yoo In-Sool , You YeonHo , Lee Byung Kook , Min Jin Hong , Jeong Won Joon 
Published: March 2012

ObjectivesThe aim of this manikin study was to compare the efficiency between overlapping (OP) and adjacent thumb positions (AP) for cardiac compressions using the encircling method in infants.MethodsThe study conducted from December 2010 to August 2011 involved 48 volunteers who were students in the emergency medical technician course. The authors let volunteers practice OP and AP as a crossover design. The authors monitored the simulated mean arterial pressure (MAP) generated during a 5-min chest compression. The fatigue level of the volunteers after the chest compression was evaluated with the Likert scale.ResultsThere were no significant differences in MAP between the dominant hand and the non-dominant hand as the lower thumb of OP. Significant differences were observed in simulated systolic blood pressure, MAP and simulated pulse pressure between OP and AP at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 min. There were no significant differences among the changes in heart rate, respiratory rate and end-tidal CO2during a 5-min chest compression by OP and AP. The Likert scale scores (1 no fatigue to 5= extreme fatigue) during the 5-min chest compressions were higher in AP than in OP at 2, 3 and 5 min.ConclusionHigher intrathoracic pressures were achieved by OP in this study. However, further studies are needed to validate these effects of overlapping thumbs technique in infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation, not manikin.
Mental health risk factors for suicides in the US Army, 2007–8
Authors: Bachynski Kathleen E , Canham-Chervak Michelle , Black Sandra A , Dada Esther O , Millikan Amy M , Jones Bruce H 
Published: March 2012

ObjectiveSuicides among active duty US Army personnel have been increasing since 2004, surpassing comparable civilian rates in 2008. This analysis uses US military data to assess suicide rates for the 2-year period 2007–8, and examines relative risks (RR) of suicide associated with mental health disorders.MethodsHistorical trends of US Army suicides were assessed using 1977–2008 data from Army G-1 (Personnel). Suicide rates, RR and the 2000–8 trends of mental health disorders were calculated using data from the Defense Casualty Information Processing System and Defense Medical Surveillance System.ResultsA total of 255 soldiers committed suicide in 2007–8 (2008 rate 20.2 per 100 000). Factors associated with higher suicide risk included male gender, lower enlisted rank and mental health disorders treated on an outpatient basis (RR 3.9), as well as a number of mental health disorders (mood disorders, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, personality/psychotic disorders, substance-related disorders and adjustment disorder; RR range 4.7–24.5). Analysis of historical trends suggested that 25–50% of the suicides that occurred in 2008 might have been related to the major commitment of troops to combat beginning in 2003.ConclusionsThe recent increase in suicides parallels an increase in the prevalence of mental disorders across the army. This finding suggests that increasing rates of clinically treated psychopathology are associated with increasing rates of suicides; these rates probably serve as sentinels for suicide risk in this population. Soldiers seeking treatment for mental disorders and substance abuse should be a focus for suicide prevention.