bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An in vitro evaluation of canal transportation and centering ability of ProTaper Universal, Hyflex EDM, and WaveOne gold using microcomputed tomography
Authors: Ravichandran Ashwin , Baskaran Veni Ashok , Gopal Shankar Narayanan , Motilal Venkatesan S. , Rajasekaran Meenakshisundram , Ramachandran Anil Kumar 
Published: May 2024

Aim:
The study was to determine and compare the values of canal transportation and centering ability of ProTaper Universal (PTU), Hyflex EDM (HEDM), and WaveOne GOLD (WOG) using microcomputed tomography (Micro-CT).

Methods:
Sixty mandibular molar mesiobuccal canals were randomly allocated into three groups, each with 20 samples: PTU (group one), HEDM (group two), and WOG (group three). Micro-CT was used to scan samples before and after instrumentation. Three-dimensional scans of root cross-sections at 3 mm, 6 mm, and 9 mm from the apex were obtained to measure canal transportation and centering ability. For statistical analysis, SPSS software was utilized. P = 0.05 was used as the significance level.

Results:
When compared all three systems, PTU files had the highest transportation and were less centered. HEDM and WOG showed no significant difference (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Curved roots canals were shaped without any significant canal transportation by Hyflex EDM and WOG when compared with PTU files.
Accuracy of electronic apex locator in the presence of different irrigating solutions
Authors: Jha Padmanabh , Nikhil Vineeta , Raj Shalya , Ravinder Rohit , Mishra Preeti 
Published: May 2024

Aim: The
aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the apex locator in the presence of different irrigating solutions.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty humans, single canal mandibular premolars were decoronated, and canal orifices were flared with Gates-Glidden drills. Working length (Gold standard [GS]) was measured under ×3.5 magnification by inserting a size 10 K file until the tip became visible and deducting 0.5 mm from this length. Teeth were embedded in an alginate mass. Electronic apex locator (EAL) measurements were made with Propex II, while different irrigants were placed in the root canals with 30G needle and groups were made based on the type of irrigating solution used i.e., Group I (3% NaOCl), Group II (5% NaOCl), Group III (2% Chlorhexidine), and Group IV (17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid). Statistical analysis was performed.

Results:
Statistically insignificant differences were observed between the GS and EAL lengths among all the groups. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) only between Group III as compared to Group II and Group I.

Conclusion:
EAL can be used to accurately measure the working length, even in the presence of irrigating solutions. Of the irrigating solutions tested, least effect on the accuracy of EAL was seen with 2% chlorhexidine and the highest effect was seen with 5% NaOCl.
Assessment of heat transfer to periodontal tissues and stress distribution in a tooth with simulated internal resorption cavities at different root levels using two thermoplasticized obturation systems – A finite element analysis study
Authors: Hegde Vibha Rahul , Jain Pritisha Bharat , Bhagat Pooja Sunil 
Published: May 2024

Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate the heat transfer to periodontal tissues and stress distribution within simulated roots with internal root resorption cavities at three different levels using two thermoplasticized obturation systems using finite element analysis.

Methods:
Maxillary central incisors with single canals were chosen for the construction of the simulation and geometric models. Cone beam computed tomography scan of a skull was used to model the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. Construction of the simulating model and geometric model and conversion to finite element model was conducted with three-dimensional tetrahedral elements at three different levels. These three models were duplicated for stress distribution and heat transfer analysis during the down packing and backfilling procedure to periodontal tissues. A simulation of root canal preparation and obturation procedures was conducted using ANSYS 19.2 software, and static structural, steady-state thermal, and transient analysis were carried out.

Results:
The total average stress was the highest when the resorption cavity was in the middle third (1.72 Mpa) for the calamus dual obturation system. The total average temperature observed was the highest when the resorption cavity was in the middle third (37.4°C) for the elements free obturation system and in the apical third (53.73°C) for the calamus dual obturation system.

Conclusion:
It was observed that between the two systems, elements free obturation system led to lower heat transfer and heat flux during the down packing procedure in comparison to the calamus dual obturation system, and the remaining dentin thickness was directly proportional to the amount of heat transferred to the surrounding tissues.
Comparative evaluation of apically extruded debris during root canal instrumentation using Neoendo Flex, Pro-HS, and Mani Silk
Authors: Guha Ananya , Shivangi Shreya , Jain Rishabhkumar , Rao Rahul Dayanand , Verma Meenakshi R , Jain Ashish K 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Biomechanical preparation of the root canal system is one of the most crucial steps of endodontic treatment. Intracanal debris is invariably extruded during biomechanical preparation which causes inflammation of periradicular tissues leading to flare-up.

Aim:
The aim of the study is to evaluate and compare the amount of apical extrusion of debris using Neoendo Flex, Pro-HS, and Mani Silk rotary files during root canal preparation.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty premolars with straight, single root canals were selected for the study. After access opening and working length determination, the samples were randomly divided into four groups according to file system used for root canal preparation: Group I – Neoendo Flex (n = 15), Group II – Pro-HS (n = 15), Group III – Mani Silk (n = 15), and Group IV – No instrumentation (n = 15). The debris collected after biomechanical preparation was quantitatively determined using a precision balance. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and post hoc Dunnett's test.

Results:
Minimum debris extrusion was seen with Neoendo Flex files and maximum debris extrusion was seen with Pro-HS files but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:
Within the limitations of our in vitro study, it can be concluded that all Nickel– Titanium (NiTi) file systems studied caused apical extrusion of debris. Neoendo flex extruded least amount of debris apically compared to Mani Silk and Pro-HS files. Design features of a file primarily influence the amount of extruded debris.
The effect of cinnamon and ginger essential oils against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm
Authors: Falcon Carla Yvonne , Abdelkarim Sally , Falcon Paul A. , Hirschberg Craig S. , Cugini Carla 
Published: May 2024

Aim:

Enterococcus faecalis has gained attention in the endodontic literature as it is frequently isolated from root canals in cases of failed treatments. Current medicaments are unlikely to predictably achieve a bacteria-free root canal system, which can lead to these failures. Phytotherapeutic substances are attractive medicaments as they are generally safe and well tolerated. This study evaluated the antimicrobial potential of two phytotherapeutic agents, cinnamon and ginger oils, against in vitro preformed biofilms of an oral strain of E. faecalis.

Methods:
A biofilm of E. faecalis was grown in 96-well plate under anaerobic conditions to simulate root canal conditions during reinfection. The biofilms were treated with 1% cinnamon oil in brain–heart infusion (BHI) media or saline, which were compared to the widely used medicament, calcium hydroxide, under the same conditions. A 2,3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-([phenylamino] carbonyl)-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide assay was employed for measuring cell viability. All tests were performed with a minimum of five technical replicates and in biological triplicate. A single biological trial was also conducted using 1% ginger oil following the same protocol. Data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis and Student's t-tests.

Results:
Cinnamon oil demonstrated antimicrobial activity in the eradication of E. faecalis biofilm. A statistically significant difference was detected between 1% cinnamon oil and 0.1% calcium hydroxide (P < 0.05). Ginger oil also displayed a reduction of the biofilm. Both oils showed a significant difference between BHI and saline conditions (P < 0.05), in which the biofilm reduction was maximized in saline.

Conclusion:
Cinnamon oil may provide a potential adjunctive therapy in treating endodontic infections associated with E. faecalis.
Periapical lesions in patients with primary Sjögren syndrome
Authors: Rotstein Ilan , Katz Joseph 
Published: May 2024

Aim:
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of acute periapical lesions in patients with pSS.

Methods:
Integrated data of hospital patients was used. Data from the corresponding diagnosis codes for pSS and acute periapical abscess was retrieved by searching the appropriate query in the database. The patient population analyzed was mixed, presenting with different disease conditions including periapical abscesses without sinus. The different diagnoses were coded using the international coding systems ICD 10. Diagnosis was made by calibrated dentists in a hospital setting based on clinical examination and imaging data. Patients with ICD 10 diagnosis code of acute periapical abscess were recorded and the prevalence of acute periapical abscesses in patients with primary Sjögren syndrome were compared to the prevalence in the total hospital patient population. The odds ratio (OR) for the prevalence of acute periapical abscesses and its association with pSS were calculated with a 95% confidence interval and the statistical difference between the groups was assessed.

Results:
The odds ratio (OR) for the prevalence of acute apical abscesses and its association with pSS were calculated and analyzed statistically. The prevalence of periapical abscesses in patients with pSS was 1.87% as compared to 0.58% in the general patient population of the hospital. The OR was 3.11 and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.0001).

Conclusions:
Under the conditions of this study, it appears that the prevalence of acute periapical abscesses is significantly higher in patients with pSS.
Antimicrobial efficacy of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Euclea divinorum Hiern on tooth root canal microorganisms
Authors: Maina Susan Wanjiku , Dimba Elizabeth 
Published: May 2024

Aim:
The aim of this study is to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Euclea divinorum Hiern against some root canal microorganisms compared to conventional root canal irrigants.

Settings and Design:
An in vitro laboratory study at the University of Nairobi.
Materials and Methods: E. divinorum branches were collected, dried, and ground into coarse powder. The aqueous filtrates were lipolyzed while the ethanol filtrates were reduced under vacuum and oven-dried into powder. Growth inhibition of cell cultures from pure strains of Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC® 29212™), Streptococcus mutans (ATCC ®25175™), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC® 25923™), Fusobacterium nucleatum (ATCC®25586™), Lactobacillus acidophilus (ATCC® 4356™), and Candida albicans (ATCC® 24433™) by the extracts were determined using tenfold liquid microdilution incubated for 24 and 48 h at 37°C. Cytotoxicity of the extracts was compared to those of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, 2% chlorhexidine gluconate, and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's HSD test were used to test for differences between the mean growth inhibition of the extracts and the controls.
Results: Fifty mg/ml ethanol extract had the highest growth inhibition at 99% ±3.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) (9.24, 100.755) against F. nucleatum followed by S. aureus at 97.22% ±3.77, 95% CI (95.04, 99.39) for 48 h incubation. S. mutans, L. acidophilus, and C. albicans showed resistance to the cytotoxic effects of the plant extracts. The mean growth inhibitions of 50 mg/ml ethanol extract against E. faecalis, and S. aureus were similar to those of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and 17% EDTA for 24 h incubation while being higher against F. nucleatum at P < 0.01(Tukey's HSD).
Conclusion: Fifty mg/ml E. divinorum extracts showed growth inhibition against E. faecalis, S. aureus, and F. nucleatum which was similar to the efficacy of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. S. mutans, L. acidophilus, and C. albicans showed resistance to the cytotoxic effects of the extracts.
Auto irrigate - The continuous irrigant delivery and intracanal aspiration system
Authors: Garain Ridyumna , Pai Veena S. , Krishnakumar G. R. , Bharathi M. , Vedavathi B. , Karim Jibin 
Published: May 2024

Aims:
To compare the delivery of irrigant to the apical third of the root canals using an ingeniously designed continuous irrigation and intracanal aspiration system to standard irrigation techniques.

Methods:
Sixty-six freshly extracted single-rooted mandibular second premolars of similar dimensions with a single straight canal, confirmed radiographically, were selected and divided into three groups (n = 22) based on irrigation techniques employed: (i) manual dynamic activation, (ii) passive ultrasonic activation, and (iii) the system designed by the authors. Standard oval-shaped access cavities were prepared and the working length was determined radiographically. Instrumentation with ProTaper F2 rotary files was followed by irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl and saline using a 2.5 ml syringe and needle for Groups 1 and 2, and the irrigant delivery system for Group 3. A prefinal rinse with EDTA and a final rinse with saline was also carried out. Apical delivery of irrigant was evaluated by flooding the root canals with 1% toluidine blue dye for 30 seconds. The specimens were decoronated and split vertically and labiolingually and visualized under a stereomicroscope (×5 magnification) and photographed. The images were analyzed using ImageJ software to measure the unstained apical region. One-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test was used to statistically analyze the results (P < 0.05).

Results:
The ingeniously devised irrigation delivery and intracanal aspiration system showed a significantly higher apical delivery of irrigant as compared to the other methods studied (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
The proposed simple root canal irrigating device can be made with materials readily available. Comparing the same to standard techniques showed better irrigant delivery to the apical region. With further studies planned to evaluate smear layer removal and canal disinfection, we hope that this can serve as an efficient, cost-effective novel device that can be easily incorporated into clinical practice.
Cleaning efficacy of various rotary endodontic file systems in primary dentition
Authors: Lavanya T , Sai Sankar A J , Sridevi E , Pranitha K , Sankar K Siva , Kumar K Kiran 
Published: May 2024

Aim:
The aim of this study was to compare the cleaning efficacy of three different rotary instrumentation systems in root canal preparation of primary anterior teeth.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty primary anterior teeth were freshly extracted and divided into three groups of ten teeth each. In Group I, root canals were instrumented with ProTaper, Group II with K3, and Group III with Hero 642 rotary file systems. After canal preparation, the teeth were sectioned longitudinally and visualized under standard error of the mean at coronal, middle, and apical thirds. Debris and smear layer removal efficacy was evaluated, and the data obtained were subjected to Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA test and Mann–Whitney U-test.

Results:
Statistically significant difference was noted in debris and smear layer scores at apical thirds (P < 0.05) between three groups with the highest efficacy for ProTaper followed by K3 and Hero 642 rotary systems. At coronal and middle thirds, K3 performed better than ProTaper file system.

Conclusion:
All the three groups showed decreased smear layer removal at the apical third. However, ProTaper and K3 rotary files showed significantly better cleaning efficacy at the apical third when compared to Hero 642 rotary files.
Tube feeding-associated patients’ outcomes at Intensive Care Units, Cairo
Authors: Morsy Warda Youssef Mohamed , Seloma Yousria Abdelsalam , Mohammed Ibrahim Mohammed Youssef 
Published: May 2024

Background
Tube feeding in critically ill patients is often hampered gastrointestinal and metabolic outcomes/complications; it is significantly contributing to the morbidity and mortality rates.

Aim of the study
The aim of this study was to assess outcomes associated with tube feeding.

Research questions
Q1: What are the gastrointestinal complications associated with tube feeding among critically ill patients at intensive care units in Cairo, Egypt? Q2: What is the nutritional status of critically ill patients on tube feeding at intensive care units in Cairo, Egypt?

Sample
A purposive sample of 64 adult male and female patients who were admitted to intensive care units and using tube feeding. Tools of data collection Three tools were utilized: demographic and medical data tool, tube feeding outcomes tool, nutritional assessment tool.

Results
In about half of the study sample, age ranged between 51 and 70 years and 51.6% of them were males. Moreover, 78% of the studied sample developed gastrointestinal complications. Vomiting was occurred in (33%) diarrhea (34.4%) constipation in (47%) increased high gastric residual volumes in (18%) of the studied sample. Redness and ulceration of tube insertion site have been observed in 67% of the studied sample. Subjective global assessment score shows a significant statistical correlation between before and after tube feeding as P=0.006. Hyperglycemia was observed in 15.6% while hypoglycemia was observed in only 6.3%.

Conclusion
Tube feedings have a significant negative effect on nutritional and gastrointestinal outcomes.

Recommendation
Further studies have to be carried out in order to assess the relationship between implementation of tube feeding protocols and nutritional outcomes.
Effect of fear of COVID-19 pandemic on work satisfaction and turnover intentions of nurses
Authors: Elhanafy Elham Y. , El Hessewi Ghada Samir 
Published: May 2024

Introduction
Nurses are under such a tremendous amount of pressure during the COVID-19 pandemic that many have become concerned about their jobs and even intend to leave them.

Aim
The aim was to investigate the effect of fear of COVID-19 pandemic on work satisfaction and turnover intentions of nurses.

Patients and methods
A descriptive correlation research design was adopted. The study was conducted at all inpatient units (medical and surgical) and critical care units (N=15) of Damanhour National Medical Institute (nurses=210). Part I included questions related to demographic characteristics. Part II was the fear of COVID-1 9 Scale. Part III was the work satisfaction index (JSI). Part IV included two measures of turnover intention used to assess organizational and professional turnover intentions.

Results
The total score for the fear of COVID-19 scale was 19.01 (SD: 5.98), which was above the average. Fear of COVID-19 scale mean score was higher among nurses who had not attended COVID-19-related training than nurses who had attended the training (t=−2.349, P=0.020).

Conclusion
This study illuminates that the enhanced fear of COVID-19 pandemic among nurses increases their work dissatisfaction, in addition, to an increase in their organizational and professional turnover intentions. It is recommended to formulate COVID-19 training programs to enhance the capacity of nurses to effectively care for and manage coronavirus patients among healthcare organization.
Factors affecting the implementation of national nursing services accreditation standards as perceived by nursing staff
Authors: Seada Abeer Mohamed , El Banan Sahar Hassan Aly , El Banna Reham Talaat Mostafa 
Published: May 2024

Background
Hospital accreditation programs, which have been implemented in many developing countries, are used as a cornerstone for ensuring a basic level of quality. Nurses play an important role in achieving accreditation standards.

Aim
To assess the factors affecting the implementation of national nursing services accreditation standards (NNSAS) as perceived by the nursing staff.

Design
A descriptive exploratory design was used to collect data.

Sample
A convenience sample of 411 nursing staff who were available and accepted to participate in this study at the time of data collection was included.

Setting
The study was conducted at El Mahalla El Kobra General Hospital and El Mahalla Cardiac Center.

Tools
A tool was used to collect data on factors affecting the implementation of nursing services accreditation standards questionnaire. It had two parts as follows: personal data questionnaire and factors affecting the implementation of nursing services accreditation standards questionnaire.

Results
The results indicated that more than half of the study participants had high agreement about total factors affecting implementation of NNSAS. Other factors parameter was the highest dimension affecting implementation of NNSAS, whereas financial incentives was the lowest from studied nursing staff point of view.

Conclusion
The first most important factor that affects implementation of NNSAS is the dimension of other factors, followed by medical records and information management. Then regulations, policies, and procedures governing the work were the third most important factor.

Recommendations
Allocation of sufficient financial and human resources for the application of quality and accreditation standards should be done.