bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Martian Atmospheric Tides Revealed From MAVEN/IUVS and MRO/MCS Observations
Authors: Yang Chengyun , Li Tao , Yuan Mengzhen , Wu Zhaopeng , Fang Xin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUtilizing atmospheric temperature observed from Mars Years 33–36 by the imaging ultraviolet spectrograph (IUVS) onboard the Mars atmosphere and volatile evolution (MAVEN) and Mars climate sounder (MCS) onboard Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), we derive the diurnal and semidiurnal thermal tides from 30 to 160 km. Vertical phase velocities of the migrating tides indicate their upward propagation above 100 km during the dust season (solar longitude, Ls 240°–300°). During the non‐dust season (Ls 30°–150°), the diurnal eastward wavenumber 2 (DE2) and wavenumber 3 (DE3) tides can propagate upward from the lower atmosphere to ∼140 km. The seasonal variation of DE2 and DE3 amplitudes in the thermosphere corresponds well to their counterparts in the lower atmosphere, primarily controlled by their Hough (1, 1) modes. The upward propagation of these tides could potentially impact the vertical coupling between the Martian lower and upper atmosphere.
Regional Ionospheric Super Bubble Induced by Significant Upward Plasma Drift During the 1 December 2023 Geomagnetic Storm
Authors: Sun Wenjie , Li Guozhu , Zhang Shun‐Rong , Hu Lianhuan , Dai Guofeng , Zhao Biqiang , Otsuka Yuichi , Zhao Xiukuan , Xie Haiyong , Li Yi , Ning Baiqi , Liu Libo , Shinbori Atsuki , Nishioka Michi , Perwitasari Septi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAn unseasonal equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) event occurred in the East/Southeast Asian sector during the geomagnetic storm on 1 December 2023, causing strong amplitude scintillations from equatorial to middle latitudes. Based on the observations from multiple instruments over a large latitudinal and longitudinal region, the spatial features of the super EPB were investigated. The EPB developed vertically at a fast rising speed ∼470 m/s over the magnetic equator and extended to a very high middle latitude more than 40°N, despite that the storm intensity was not very strong with the minimum SYM‐H index −132 nT. In the zonal direction, the super EPB covered over a specific region ∼95–140°E, where the local sunset roughly coincided with southward turning of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz component. Before the onset of the super EPB, significant upward plasma drift up to ∼110 m/s was observed over the magnetic equator, which could amplify the growth rate of Rayleigh‐Taylor instability and lead to the generation of the super EPB. The significant drift was likely caused by eastward penetration electric field (PEF) due to sharp southward turning of IMF Bz. The local time of storm onset and duration of IMF Bz southward turning during the storm main phase may partly determine the onset region and zonal coverage of the EPB.
Epigenetic signature of very low birth weight in young adult life
Authors: Kuula Juho , Czamara Darina , Hauta-alus Helena , Lahti Jari , Hovi Petteri , Miettinen Maija E. , Ronkainen Justiina , Eriksson Johan G. , Andersson Sture , Järvelin Marjo-Riitta , Sebert Sylvain , Räikkönen Katri , Binder Elisabeth B. , Kajantie Eero 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Globally, one in ten babies is born preterm (<37 weeks), and 1–2% preterm at very low birth weight (VLBW, <1500 g). As adults, they are at increased risk for a plethora of health conditions, e.g., cardiometabolic disease, which may partly be mediated by epigenetic regulation. We compared blood DNA methylation between young adults born at VLBW and controls.

Methods
157 subjects born at VLBW and 161 controls born at term, from the Helsinki Study of Very Low Birth Weight Adults, were assessed for peripheral venous blood DNA methylation levels at mean age of 22 years. Significant CpG-sites (5’—C—phosphate—G—3’) were meta-analyzed against continuous birth weight in four independent cohorts (pooled n = 2235) with cohort mean ages varying from 0 to 31 years.

Results
In the discovery cohort, 66 CpG-sites were differentially methylated between VLBW adults and controls. Top hits were located in HIF3A, EBF4, and an intergenic region nearest to GLI2 (distance 57,533 bp). Five CpG-sites, all in proximity to GLI2, were hypermethylated in VLBW and associated with lower birth weight in the meta-analysis.

Conclusion
We identified differentially methylated CpG-sites suggesting an epigenetic signature of preterm birth at VLBW present in adult life.

Impact

Being born preterm at very low birth weight has major implications for later health and chronic disease risk factors.

The mechanism linking preterm birth to later outcomes remains unknown.

Our cohort study of 157 very low birth weight adults and 161 controls found 66 differentially methylated sites at mean age of 22 years.

Our findings suggest an epigenetic mark of preterm birth present in adulthood, which opens up opportunities for mechanistic studies.
Syrosingopine and UK5099 synergistically suppress non-small cell lung cancer by activating the integrated stress response
Authors: Li Yiman , Song Yan , Shi Zhijing , Hou Huijie , Yu Yang , Pan Fei , Ji Jinlu , Chen Zhe 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) presents a global health challenge due to its low five-year survival rates, underscoring the need for novel therapeutic strategies. Our research explored the synergistic mechanisms of syrosingopine and UK-5099 in treating NSCLC. In vitro experiments showed that the combination of syrosingopine and UK-5099 significantly synergized to suppress NSCLC proliferation. Further experiments revealed that this combination induced cell cycle arrest and promoted apoptosis in NSCLC cells. In vivo experiments demonstrated that the combination of syrosingopine and UK-5099 markedly inhibited tumor growth. Mechanistic studies revealed that this drug combination promoted mitochondrial damage by inducing lactate accumulation and oxidative stress. Additionally, the combination triggered an integrated stress response (ISR) through the activation of heme-regulated inhibitor kinase (HRI). Importantly, our findings suggested that the synergistic suppression of NSCLC by syrosingopine and UK-5099 was dependent on ISR activation. In summary, our study proposed a promising therapeutic approach that involved the combination of Syrosingopine and UK-5099 to activate ISR, significantly hindering NSCLC growth and proliferation.
AMPK targets PDZD8 to trigger carbon source shift from glucose to glutamine
Authors: Li Mengqi , Wang Yu , Wei Xiaoyan , Cai Wei-Feng , Wu Jianfeng , Zhu Mingxia , Wang Yongliang , Liu Yan-Hui , Xiong Jinye , Qu Qi , Chen Yan , Tian Xiao , Yao Luming , Xie Renxiang , Li Xiaomin , Chen Siwei , Huang Xi , Zhang Cixiong , Xie Changchuan , Wu Yaying , Xu Zheni , Zhang Baoding , Jiang Bin , Wang Zhi-Chao , Li Qinxi , Li Gang , Lin Shu-Yong , Yu Li , Piao Hai-Long , Deng Xianming , Han Jiahuai , Zhang Chen-Song , Lin Sheng-Cai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe shift of carbon utilization from primarily glucose to other nutrients is a fundamental metabolic adaptation to cope with decreased blood glucose levels and the consequent decline in glucose oxidation. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays crucial roles in this metabolic adaptation. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we show that PDZ domain containing 8 (PDZD8), which we identify as a new substrate of AMPK activated in low glucose, is required for the low glucose-promoted glutaminolysis. AMPK phosphorylates PDZD8 at threonine 527 (T527) and promotes the interaction of PDZD8 with and activation of glutaminase 1 (GLS1), a rate-limiting enzyme of glutaminolysis. In vivo, the AMPK-PDZD8-GLS1 axis is required for the enhancement of glutaminolysis as tested in the skeletal muscle tissues, which occurs earlier than the increase in fatty acid utilization during fasting. The enhanced glutaminolysis is also observed in macrophages in low glucose or under acute lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. Consistent with a requirement of heightened glutaminolysis, the PDZD8-T527A mutation dampens the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages in mice treated with LPS. Together, we have revealed an AMPK-PDZD8-GLS1 axis that promotes glutaminolysis ahead of increased fatty acid utilization under glucose shortage.
Structure and dynamics of the pyroglutamylated RF-amide peptide QRFP receptor GPR103
Authors: Iwama Aika , Kise Ryoji , Akasaka Hiroaki , Sano Fumiya K. , Oshima Hidetaka S. , Inoue Asuka , Shihoya Wataru , Nureki Osamu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPyroglutamylated RF-amide peptide (QRFP) is a peptide hormone with a C-terminal RF-amide motif. QRFP selectively activates a class A G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) GPR103 to exert various physiological functions such as energy metabolism and appetite regulation. Here, we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the QRFP26-GPR103-Gq complex at 3.19 Å resolution. QRFP26 adopts an extended structure bearing no secondary structure, with its N-terminal and C-terminal sides recognized by extracellular and transmembrane domains of GPR103 respectively. This movement, reminiscent of class B1 GPCRs except for orientation and structure of the ligand, is critical for the high-affinity binding and receptor specificity of QRFP26. Mutagenesis experiments validate the functional importance of the binding mode of QRFP26 by GPR103. Structural comparisons with closely related receptors, including RY-amide peptide-recognizing GPCRs, revealed conserved and diversified peptide recognition mechanisms, providing profound insights into the biological significance of RF-amide peptides. Collectively, this study not only advances our understanding of GPCR-ligand interactions, but also paves the way for the development of novel therapeutics targeting metabolic and appetite disorders and emergency medical care.
Structure of the endosomal CORVET tethering complex
Authors: Shvarev Dmitry , König Caroline , Susan Nicole , Langemeyer Lars , Walter Stefan , Perz Angela , Fröhlich Florian , Ungermann Christian , Moeller Arne 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCells depend on their endolysosomal system for nutrient uptake and downregulation of plasma membrane proteins. These processes rely on endosomal maturation, which requires multiple membrane fusion steps. Early endosome fusion is promoted by the Rab5 GTPase and its effector, the hexameric CORVET tethering complex, which is homologous to the lysosomal HOPS. How these related complexes recognize their specific target membranes remains entirely elusive. Here, we solve the structure of CORVET by cryo-electron microscopy and revealed its minimal requirements for membrane tethering. As expected, the core of CORVET and HOPS resembles each other. However, the function-defining subunits show marked structural differences. Notably, we discover that unlike HOPS, CORVET depends not only on Rab5 but also on phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P) and membrane lipid packing defects for tethering, implying that an organelle-specific membrane code enables fusion. Our data suggest that both shape and membrane interactions of CORVET and HOPS are conserved in metazoans, thus providing a paradigm how tethering complexes function.
Estimating digital product trade through corporate revenue data
Authors: Stojkoski Viktor , Koch Philipp , Coll Eva , Hidalgo César A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDespite global efforts to harmonize international trade statistics, our understanding of digital trade and its implications remains limited. Here, we introduce a method to estimate bilateral exports and imports for dozens of sectors starting from the corporate revenue data of large digital firms. This method allows us to provide estimates for digitally ordered and delivered trade involving digital goods (e.g. video games), productized services (e.g. digital advertising), and digital intermediation fees (e.g. hotel rental), which together we call digital products. We use these estimates to study five key aspects of digital trade. We find that, compared to trade in physical goods, digital product exports are more spatially concentrated, have been growing faster, and can offset trade balance estimates, like the United States trade deficit on physical goods. We also find that countries that have decoupled economic growth from greenhouse gas emissions tend to have larger digital exports and that digital exports contribute positively to the complexity of economies. This method, dataset, and findings provide a new lens to understand the impact of international trade in digital products.
Evolution of retinal degeneration and prediction of disease activity in relapsing and progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Krämer Julia , Balloff Carolin , Weise Margit , Koska Valeria , Uthmeier Yannik , Esderts Isabell , Nguyen-Minh Mai , Zimmerhof Moritz , Hartmann Alex , Dietrich Michael , Ingwersen Jens , Lee John-Ih , Havla Joachim , Kümpfel Tania , Kerschensteiner Martin , Häußler Vivien , Heesen Christoph , Stellmann Jan-Patrick , Zimmermann Hanna G. , Oertel Frederike C. , Ringelstein Marius , Brandt Alexander U. , Paul Friedemann , Aktas Orhan , Hartung Hans-Peter , Wiendl Heinz , Meuth Sven G. , Albrecht Philipp 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRetinal optical coherence tomography has been identified as biomarker for disease progression in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), while the dynamics of retinal atrophy in progressive MS are less clear. We investigated retinal layer thickness changes in RRMS, primary and secondary progressive MS (PPMS, SPMS), and their prognostic value for disease activity. Here, we analyzed 2651 OCT measurements of 195 RRMS, 87 SPMS, 125 PPMS patients, and 98 controls from five German MS centers after quality control. Peripapillary and macular retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL, mRNFL) thickness predicted future relapses in all MS and RRMS patients while mRNFL and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness predicted future MRI activity in RRMS (mRNFL, GCIPL) and PPMS (GCIPL). mRNFL thickness predicted future disability progression in PPMS. However, thickness change rates were subject to considerable amounts of measurement variability. In conclusion, retinal degeneration, most pronounced of pRNFL and GCIPL, occurs in all subtypes. Using the current state of technology, longitudinal assessments of retinal thickness may not be suitable on a single patient level.
The binding mechanism of an anti-multiple myeloma antibody to the human GPRC5D homodimer
Authors: Yan Pengfei , Lin Xi , Wu Lijie , Xu Lu , Li Fei , Liu Junlin , Xu Fei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGPRC5D is an atypical Class C orphan G protein-coupled receptor. Its high expression on the surface of multiple myeloma cells has rendered it an attractive target for therapeutic interventions, including monoclonal antibodies, CAR-T cells, and T-cell engagers. Despite its therapeutic potential, the insufficient understanding regarding of the receptor’s structure and antibody recognition mechanism has impeded the progress of effective therapeutic development. Here, we present the structure of GPRC5D in complex with a preclinical-stage single-chain antibody (scFv). Our structural analysis reveals that the GPRC5D presents a close resemblance to the typical Class C GPCRs in the transmembrane region. We identify a distinct head-to-head homodimer arrangement and interface mainly involving TM4, setting it apart from other Class C homo- or hetero-dimers. Furthermore, we elucidate the binding site engaging a sizable extracellular domain on GPRC5D for scFv recognition. These insights not only unveil the distinctive dimer organization of this unconventional Class C GPCR but also hold the potential to advance drug development targeting GPRC5D for the treatment of multiple myeloma.
Combining ultrahigh index with exceptional nonlinearity in resonant transition metal dichalcogenide nanodisks
Authors: Zograf George , Polyakov Alexander Yu. , Bancerek Maria , Antosiewicz Tomasz J. , Küçüköz Betül , Shegai Timur O. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSecond-order nonlinearity in solids gives rise to a plethora of unique physical phenomena ranging from piezoelectricity and optical rectification to optical parametric amplification, spontaneous parametric down-conversion and the generation of entangled photon pairs. Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides, such as MoS2, exhibit one of the highest known second-order nonlinear coefficients. However, the monolayer nature of these materials prevents the fabrication of resonant objects exclusively from the material itself, necessitating the use of external structures to achieve the optical enhancement of nonlinear processes. Here we exploit the 3R phase of a molybdenum disulfide multilayer for resonant nonlinear nanophotonics. The lack of inversion symmetry—even in the bulk of the material—provides a combination of massive second-order susceptibility, extremely high and anisotropic refractive index in the near-infrared region (n > 4.5) and low absorption losses, making 3R-MoS2 highly attractive for nonlinear nanophotonics. We demonstrate this by fabricating 3R-MoS2 nanodisks of various radii, which support resonant anapole states, and observing substantial (>100-fold) enhancement of second-harmonic generation in a single resonant nanodisk compared with an unpatterned flake of the same thickness. The enhancement is maximized at the spectral overlap between the anapole state of the disk and the material resonance of the second-order susceptibility. Our approach unveils a powerful tool for enhancing the entire spectrum of optical second-order nonlinear processes in nanostructured van der Waals materials, thereby paving the way for nonlinear and quantum high-index transition metal dichalcogenide nanophotonics.
Efficient near-infrared organic light-emitting diodes with emission from spin doublet excitons
Authors: Cho Hwan-Hee , Gorgon Sebastian , Londi Giacomo , Giannini Samuele , Cho Changsoon , Ghosh Pratyush , Tonnelé Claire , Casanova David , Olivier Yoann , Baikie Tomi K. , Li Feng , Beljonne David , Greenham Neil C. , Friend Richard H. , Evans Emrys W. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe development of luminescent organic radicals has resulted in materials with excellent optical properties for near-infrared emission. Applications of light generation in this range span from bioimaging to surveillance. Although the unpaired electron arrangements of radicals enable efficient radiative transitions within the doublet-spin manifold in organic light-emitting diodes, their performance is limited by non-radiative pathways introduced in electroluminescence. Here we present a host–guest design for organic light-emitting diodes that exploits energy transfer with up to 9.6% external quantum efficiency for 800 nm emission. The tris(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)methyl-triphenyl-amine radical guest is energy-matched to the triplet state in a charge-transporting anthracene-derivative host. We show from optical spectroscopy and quantum-chemical modelling that reversible host–guest triplet–doublet energy transfer allows efficient harvesting of host triplet excitons.
Violation of Bell inequality by photon scattering on a two-level emitter
Authors: Liu Shikai , Sandberg Oliver August Dall’Alba , Chan Ming Lai , Schrinski Björn , Anyfantaki Yiouli , Nielsen Rasmus B. , Larsen Robert G. , Skalkin Andrei , Wang Ying , Midolo Leonardo , Scholz Sven , Wieck Andreas D. , Ludwig Arne , Sørensen Anders S. , Tiranov Alexey , Lodahl Peter 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEntanglement, the non-local correlations present in multipartite quantum systems, is a key resource for quantum technologies. It is therefore a major priority to develop simple and energy-efficient methods for generating high-fidelity entangled states. In the case of light, entanglement can be realized by interactions with matter but the required nonlinear interaction is often impractically weak. Here we show how a single two-level emitter deterministically coupled to light in a nanophotonic waveguide can be used to realize photonic quantum entanglement by excitation at the single-photon level. Efficient optical coupling enables mediation of two-photon interactions by the emitter, creating a strong nonlinearity that leads to entanglement. We experimentally verify energy–time entanglement by violating a Bell inequality in an interferometric measurement of the two-photon scattering response. The on-chip two-level emitter acts as a passive scatterer, so that no advanced spin control is required. As such, our method may provide a more efficient approach to synthesizing photonic entangled states for quantum simulators or metrology.
Paradoxical gender effects in meat consumption across cultures
Authors: Hopwood Christopher J. , Zizer Jahn N. , Nissen Adam T. , Dillard Courtney , Thompkins Andie M. , Graça Joāo , Waldhorn Daniela Romero , Bleidorn Wiebke 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMen tend to eat more meat than women, but it is not clear why. We tested three hypotheses in a cross-cultural design (20,802 individuals in 23 countries across four continents): that gender differences are (a) universal, (b) related to gender roles and thus weaker in countries with higher gender equality and human development, or (c) related to opportunities to express gender roles and thus stronger in countries with higher gender equality and human development. Across all countries, men tended to consume more meat than women. However, this difference increased significantly in countries with greater human development and gender equality. The paradoxical gender gap in meat consumption aligns with previous research that suggests greater differences in behavior across genders in contexts that are more developed and gender equal. We discuss implications for theories of culture and gender as well as practical implications for global meat reduction.
Impact of cognitive impairment on driving behaviour and route choices of older drivers: a real-world driving study
Authors: Derafshi Reihaneh , Babulal Ganesh M. , Bayat Sayeh 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMaintaining driving independence is important for older adults. However, cognitive decline, a common issue in older populations, can impair older adults’ driving abilities and overall safety on the roads. This study explores how cognitive impairment influences driving patterns and driving choices among older adults. We analyzed real-world driving patterns of 246 older adults using GPS dataloggers. Our sample included 230 cognitively normal older adults (CN; Clinical Dementia Rating$$^R$$

R

[CDR] = 0) and 16 older adults with incident cognitive impairment (ICI; CDR = 0.5). The CN group had an average age of 68.2 years, with 46% females and an average of 16.5 years of education, while the ICI group’s average age was 69.2 years, with 36% females and an average of 16.0 years of education. We employed spatial clustering and hashing algorithms to evaluate driving behaviours. Significant differences emerged: The ICI group used fewer distinct routes to their most common destination. These differences can be leveraged to develop driving as a digital biomarker for the early detection and continuous monitoring of cognitive impairment.