bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gold Self‐Assembly on Copper Electrodes Promotes n‐Propanol Formation in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Bhoumik Nikhil C. , Padovan Quinn A. , Akter Tania , Stem David K. , Barile Christopher J. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) offers a promising route to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions by converting CO2 into valuable chemicals. Among multi‐carbon products, n‐propanol is particularly appealing due to its high energy density (~27 MJ/L) and broad industrial applications. However, achieving high selectivity for n‐propanol remains a formidable challenge, requiring catalysts capable of facilitating complex reaction pathways and avoiding competing side reactions. In this study, we present a Cu/Cys/Au catalyst architecture that is prepared through a self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) that significantly enhances the Faradaic efficiency for n‐propanol production. Specifically, Cu substrates are modified with cysteamine SAMs to uniformly anchor a Au3+‐dimercaptosuccinate complex, which enable uniform Au electrodeposition. The resulting Cu/Cys/Au electrode achieves a Faradaic efficiency of 29.1 % for n‐propanol at −1.2 V vs. RHE, representing a significant improvement over conventional Au−Cu electrocatalysts. Control studies reveal the necessity of both Au and Cu for selective n‐propanol formation, while mixed SAMs with varying cysteamine and propanethiol ratios allow for precise tuning of Au coverage on Cu. These findings underscore the potential of SAM‐based strategies for precise surface engineering, offering a pathway for selective CO2RR electrocatalysts.
Porous PVA‐PAM‐AG Multi‐Network Hydrogel With High Mechanical Strength
Authors: Wang Yun , Li Heng , Li Jinming , Zhang Wei , Wu Chengwei 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTRepairing and regenerating articular cartilage remains a significant challenge, primarily due to its limited self‐healing capability. Hydrogel has emerged as a promising candidate due to its resemblance to extracellular matrices. A porous hydrogel of an appropriate size can facilitate cell growth and integrate into the host tissue. However, the presence of pores in hydrogels will significantly reduce mechanical properties, posing challenges in replacing the load‐bearing function of articular cartilage. Here, a porous hydrogel was prepared through a gas forming method based on a triple‐network hydrogel system of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)‐polyacrylamide (PAM)‐agarose (AG), with a pore size of 100–200 μm. The hydrogel exhibits a compressive modulus of up to 0.79 MPa and a tensile modulus of up to 0.35 MPa, falling within the reference range of articular cartilage. Furthermore, the porous hydrogel exhibits good creep resistance properties. These results suggest that the porous hydrogels with strong mechanical properties hold promise as a replacement material for articular cartilage.
A Unified Cyber Response for Water Utilities: The Cyber Fortress Exercise
Authors: Slonopas Andre , Mazur Gerald A. , Coughlin Jessica A. , McElman Mary , Strahan Jacob F. , Talmadge Shawn G. 
Published: February 2025

Key TakeawaysStates should synchronize their cyber incident responses and consequence management plans to execute shared objectives, improve situational awareness, and quickly restore services.The Cyber Fortress exercise underscores the need for federal, state, private, and academic sectors to collaborate and strengthen cyber resilience for critical infrastructure, particularly for water utilities.Through training and simulations, cyber operators and public–private cyber defenders learn to detect and mitigate sophisticated threats.
Corporate Social Responsibility of Universities: Exploring the University of Cape Coast's Version Towards Her Surrounding Communities
Authors: Agyei Paul Mensah , Dankyi Joyce Kwakyewaa , Minadzi Vincent Mensah , Dankyi Lydia Aframea , Segbenya Moses 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study explores the corporate social responsibility of a Ghanaian university towards her surrounding communities within 60 years of providing higher education. The interpretivist philosophical position and the qualitative approach were adopted for this study. Specifically, the study used the multiple‐case study design to collect data from 32 respondents through 24 individual interviews and eight focus group discussions, as well as semistructured observation guides. Thematic analysis was deployed to analyse the gathered qualitative data. The study found that corporate social responsibilities undertaken by the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, in its surrounding communities covered areas such as education, employment, health and security. However, interaction with the surrounding communities revealed that the CSRs appeared not to be effective, adequate and responsive to their needs. The study further found that though CSR could lead to a cordial relationship between the two entities, this was not the case due to the perceived ineffective, inadequate and irresponsive CSR of the university towards the surrounding communities. Finally, the findings showed that the surrounding communities expected the University to support them through the provision of school blocks and computers for their basic schools, public toilets and markets, street lights, provision of fully furnished CHPS compounds and health education. It was, therefore, recommended that the University management should come up with a clear policy that distinguishes between CSR for the surrounding communities and the general public in terms of education, health, security and community development, among others. Please refer to the section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Historie: Pittakal und Corallin – die ersten Teerfarbstoffe auf Phenol‐Basis
Authors: Hartmann Horst 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungDas Dokument behandelt die Geschichte und Entwicklung der ersten synthetischen Farbstoffe aus Steinkohlenteer, mit Schwerpunkt auf Pittakal und Corallin, sowie wichtige chemische Entdeckungen im Zusammenhang mit diesen Farbstoffen.
Integrative effects of organic and inorganic fertilization on soil functions, nitrogen use efficiency, and wheat productivity depend on tillage intensities
Authors: Akhtar Kashif , Djalovic Ivica , Zaheer Sajjad , Khan Ahmad , Riaz Muhammad , Prasad P. V. Vara , Wen Ronghui 
Published: February 2025

AbstractNitrogen (N) management and tillage practices influenced sustainability of agricultural systems. We conducted field studies to test the response of the combined organic and inorganic N management on soil properties, N use efficiency (NUE), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production under different tillage intensities in a semiarid climatic conditions. The experiment was designed on a split plot arrangement consisting of three tillage intensities: one time ploughing (T1), two times ploughing (T2), and three times ploughing (T3) with the interval of 10 days in the main plots. Seven organic–inorganic N management strategies using urea:farm yard manures were NM1 0:0, NM2 100:0, NM3 80:20, NM4 60:40, NM5 40:60, NM6 20:80, and NM7 0:100 in the subplots. Results revealed that soil organic carbon (SOC) and labile organic carbon contents were significantly higher in the NM6 treatment under the T3 tillage intensity. Higher soil N and potassium (K) were found in NM5 under the T3 tillage intensity, whereas the soil phosphorus (P) was the highest in NM6 plot. The activities of soil invertase and urease enzymes were also significantly higher in the NM6 treatment under T3 tillage intensity. Wheat growth and yield, N‐uptake and NUE were the highest in T3 with NM6 management strategy. Our study demonstrated that integrative N management and tillage practices could improve soil and plant productivity by improving SOC, NUE, and yield, and thus discourage the historical soil health deteriorations of the semi‐arid cropping systems.
Association of GLP‐1 Receptor Agonists With Risk of Suicidal Ideation and Behaviour: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Bushi Ganesh , Khatib Mahalaqua Nazli , Rohilla Shivam , Singh Mahendra Pratap , Uniyal Nidhi , Ballal Suhas , Bansal Pooja , Bhopte Kiran , Gupta Manika , Gaidhane Abhay M. , Tomar Balvir S. , Ashraf Ayash , Ravi Kumar M. , Chauhan Ashish Singh , Sah Sanjit , Serhan Hashem Abu , Shabil Muhammed 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectiveGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) are widely used to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity, providing metabolic and cardiovascular benefits. However, concerns have emerged about potential neuropsychiatric side effects, including suicidal ideation and behaviour, prompting investigations by regulatory bodies such as the FDA and EMA. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to assess the association between GLP‐1RA use and the risk of suicidal ideation or behaviour.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science through September 2024, adhering to PRISMA guidelines. Observational cohort and case‐control studies reporting suicidal ideation or behaviour in adults using GLP‐1RAs were included. The Modified Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale assessed risk of bias, and random‐effect models calculated risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic.ResultsOf 126 studies, 11 were included from multiple countries with diverse designs. The meta‐analysis of four studies showed no statistically significant difference in suicidal outcomes between GLP‐1RA users and users of other anti‐hyperglycaemic drugs (RR: 0.568, 95% CI: 0.077–4.205). Substantial heterogeneity was observed (I2 = 98%). Pharmacovigilance studies indicated no disproportionate increase in suicidality, while some observational studies suggested a lower risk.ConclusionThis review found no significant link between GLP‐1RA use and increased suicidal ideation or behaviour. However, the high heterogeneity and reliance on pharmacovigilance data suggest caution. Clinicians should monitor patients, particularly those with psychiatric conditions, and further research is needed to assess long‐term neuropsychiatric safety.
Identification and Investigation of the Intrinsic Receptor Activation Potential and Metabolization of the New Oxo‐Pyridyl Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonist CH‐FUBBMPDORA
Authors: Deventer Marie H. , Emanuele Maria Carmela , Stang Brianna N. , Van Uytfanghe Katleen , Masson Jessica , Bouvot Xavier , Lamoureux Catherine , Proposito Alessandro , Reniero Fabiano , Holland Margaret V. , Krotulski Alex J. , Mannina Luisa , Stove Christophe P. , Guillou Claude 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCH‐FUBBMPDORA (CHO‐4′Me‐5′Br‐FUBOXPYRA), a recent addition to the recreational drug market, bypasses the Chinese generic ban (2021) on synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) due to its new 5‐bromo‐4‐methylpyridin‐2(1H)‐one core. Its pharmacological properties are currently undefined, and it is yet to be found in biological samples. However, it is unclear whether this is due to low prevalence or hampered detection. The aim of this study was twofold. First, we used a powder seized by customs as a case study to evaluate the utility of low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF‐NMR) to unequivocally identify CH‐FUBBMPDORA. This demonstrated the potential of this technique, which is increasingly used by customs and forensic laboratories for substance identification. High‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (HF‐NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), liquid chromatography coupled to time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LC‐QTOF‐MS), and Raman spectroscopy were used as complementary techniques for identification and characterization. Second, we investigated the potential to activate CB1 and CB2 and the metabolism of CH‐FUBBMPDORA. Potencies and efficacies were assessed using βarr2 recruitment assays. Metabolite studies were conducted via human liver microsome (HLM) incubation followed by LC‐QTOF‐MS. CH‐FUBBMPDORA showed a limited activation potential at both cannabinoid receptors. The seized powder exhibited a pronouncedly higher activity, suggesting the potential presence of contaminants with higher cannabinoid activity. Although analytical characterization revealed minor impurities, it is uncertain whether these explain the bioassay findings. Four metabolites were identified, which were all the result of hydroxylation of either the cyclohexyl head group or of the methyl group on the core.
Geochemistry, Geochronology and Petrogenesis of the Proterozoic Betul–Chhindwara Bimodal Volcanics: Constraints on the Evolution of the Central Indian Tectonic Zone, Central Indian Shield
Authors: Yousuf Ibrahim , Ahmad Talat , Rao D. V. Subba , Irshad Roohi , Balakrishnan S. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe Central Indian Tectonic Zone (CITZ) runs across peninsular India and includes Proterozoic bimodal volcanics (basalt‐rhyolite), quartzite, mafic‐ultramafic rocks, volcanic sediments and Banded Iron Formation (BIF). The bimodal volcanic rocks of Betul–Chhindwara belt have been subjected to upper greenschist to lower amphibolite‐grade metamorphism and have well‐preserved remnants of pillow structures. Total alkali vs. silica diagram clearly discriminates all the samples into subalkaline basalts and rhyolites which corresponds to their bimodal nature. Mafic volcanic sequence of Betul–Chhindwara belt is represented by high Ti and low Ti Groups. I. High Ti basalt has undergone low degree of partial melting (~5%), whereas low Ti basalt has undergone a high degree of partial melting (~20%) of the same source rock. Fe and Ca decrease with decreasing Ti indicating clinopyroxene and iron‐titanium oxide fractionation in both the groups of basalt. These basalts are generally enriched in incompatible trace elements such as Rb and Ba and depleted in Nb, P and Ti, which collectively are good indicators of continental crust/lithosphere involvement in their genesis. The basalts show no Eu anomaly, which indicates little role of plagioclase during fractionation process. Positive anomalies of U–Th–Zr for the basalts indicate crustal involvement. Whole‐rock Sm–Nd isochrons for the mafic volcanic rocks indicate an age of crystallisation for these volcanic rocks at about 1232 ± 37 Ma (initial 143Nd/144Nd = 0.510752 ± 0.000035, mean square weighted deviate [MSWD] = 1.20) which is much younger than the basement rocks ca. 1500 Ma. The εNdt (t = 1232 Ma) vary from −5.93 to −3.1 for the mafic volcanic rocks and between −5.81 and +0.14 for felsic volcanic rocks. Depleted mantle model ages of basalts vary from 2204 to 3040 Ma, and for rhyolites, these vary from 2174 to 2863 Ma, respectively. The εNd value for all the basaltic samples includes both the groups of basalts plot away from the CHUR line indicating their derivation from a depleted source and evolves to lower values, indicating longer crustal residence or more crustal contribution. Mafic magma might have been produced at the subduction zone interacted with the lower continental crust while ascending to the surface. This lowered the melting point of the continental crust which led to the production of felsic melt. Episodic mafic magma could have led to the production of rhyolite, produced at different levels of the continental crust.
Global Incidence, Mortality, and Risk Factors of Stroke in Multi‐Modality Head and Neck Cancer Treatment—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Vasudevan Srivatsa Surya , Ericksen Elise , Albornoz Victor , Bryan Elizabeth , Olinde Lindsay , Nathan Cherie‐Ann O. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundHead and neck cancer (HNC) due to its nature and proximity to essential vasculature, along with different treatments, can lead to stroke, significantly contributing to morbidity and mortality. Our aim is to systematically evaluate the association of stroke incidence, mortality, and predictors with HNC treatment.MethodsPubmed, Web of Science, Embase, and ScienceDirect were searched from inception to July 2024 for articles reporting stroke incidences, mortality, or associated risk factors following treatment in HNC patients. A random‐effects meta‐analysis assessed cumulative incidence and mortality rates with proportional analysis and risk factors using hazard ratios (HRs) associated with HNC treatment. Subgroup analyses of incidence and mortality were conducted for pre‐ and post‐2010 periods, reflecting changes in stroke protocols.ResultsOut of 1561 studies, 69 studies with 258 850 HNC patients were included. The global cumulative incidence of stroke in HNC was 4.1% (95% CI: 3.3%–5.0%), with similar rates before and after 2010 (4.4% vs. 4.0%). In patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy (CRT), stroke incidence was 4.9% (95% CI: 3.5%–6.7%) with a median time to first stroke of 45 months (range: 14–51.7 months). Following radiation therapy (RT), stroke incidence was 3.8% (95% CI: 2.7%–5.3%) with a median time to stroke of 36 months (range: 6.8–130 months). The incidence rates of stroke in HNC patients were higher compared to the general population (HR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.24–2.31, p = 0.001). Stroke mortality decreased from 28.5% (95% CI: 11.6%–54.9%) pre‐2010 to 14.5% (95% CI: 11.6%–17.9%) 2010–2024. Stroke mortality was 39.3% (95% CI: 17.8%–66.0%) post‐CRT and 21% (95% CI: 7.2%–47.7%) post‐RT. Hypertension (HR = 1.75), diabetes (HR = 1.71), and age > 65 (HR = 2.17) increased stroke risk (p < 0.0001 for all). Geographically, South Korea (6.6%) had the highest incidence of stroke.ConclusionThis is the first systematic review to analyze the association between stroke and HNC treatment. Stroke mortality decreased from 28.5% to 14.5% (pre‐2010 vs. 2010–2024), with the highest mortality in the CRT group (39.3%). Given that stroke occurs 36–45 months after CRT, a screening protocol within 3–4 years is crucial.
Phytochemical‐Mediated Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Mirabilis jalapa Leaf Extract and Their Antibacterial
Authors: Rauf Sania , Hameed Hajra , Tariq Muhammad , Afareen Afshan , Gulfaraz Saad , AlKubaisi Noorah A. , Elshikh Mohamed S. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSilver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized through green methods have garnered significant attention in nanomedicine due to their unique inorganic properties and potential for a wide range of biomedical applications, including drug delivery, wound healing, and antimicrobial therapies. This study presents a novel, eco‐friendly method for synthesizing AgNPs using Mirabilis jalapa leaf extract, which functions as both a reducing and stabilizing agent. The leaf extract, rich in bioactive compounds such as triterpenes, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, and phenolic compounds, plays a critical role in the reduction of silver ions (Ag+) to form elemental AgNPs. The synthesized AgNPs were rigorously characterized using powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis. UV–visible spectra exhibited an absorption peak in the range of 431–446 nm, indicative of the formation of polydispersed AgNPs with surface plasmon resonance, while XRD analysis confirmed their crystalline face‐centered cubic (FCC) structure. SEM imaging revealed spherical and quasi‐spherical morphologies, while EDX spectra confirmed the presence of silver with minimal contamination. Antibacterial activity, assessed using the agar well diffusion method, demonstrated significant inhibitory effects against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, although the nanoparticles showed reduced efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. These promising antimicrobial properties, coupled with the long‐established use of silver in wound healing and infection management, highlight the potential of these AgNPs in biomedical applications. The novelty of this research lies in the use of M. jalapa leaf extract for the synthesis of AgNPs, offering a green and sustainable alternative to conventional chemical methods. Future studies should delve into optimizing the synthesis process for large‐scale production, evaluating the in vivo efficacy of the nanoparticles, and exploring their interactions with a broader range of pathogens. This work paves the way for the development of green‐synthesized AgNPs as effective, eco‐friendly agents for infection control and wound care in nanomedicine, with the potential to significantly advance the field by offering safer, more sustainable solutions for clinical applications.
Severity of COVID‐19 in hospitalized pediatric patients with obesity: A systematic review
Authors: Morais Thainá O. , de Medeiros Gidyenne C. B. Silva , de Medeiros Kleyton S. , Mendes Thayanne G. de Medeiros , Leite‐Lais Lucia , Lopes Márcia M. G. D. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis review is intended to evaluate the severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in hospitalized pediatric patients with obesity. The increased risk of hospitalization in pediatric patients with obesity highlights the need for a thorough investigation into the impact of COVID‐19 in this vulnerable population, given the significant public health challenges obesity presents in this age group. The review followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Protocols) guidelines. A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), LILACS (scientific health information from Latin America and the Caribbean countries), Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus databases for relevant articles published between December 2019 and November 2021. Observational studies (cross‐sectional and cohort) involving pediatric patients with obesity who tested positive for COVID‐19, were hospitalized, and had outcomes related to disease severity parameters such as intensive care unit (ICU) admission, length of ICU stay, and mechanical ventilation) were included. The quality of evidence from the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle‒Ottawa Scale. Extracted data included the author, year, country, study design, aim, population, outcomes/severity, and primary results. Eight studies were included in the review. A narrative synthesis was conducted to qualitatively summarize the findings, highlighting that obesity is a potential aggravating factor in the clinical presentation of COVID‐19 among hospitalized pediatric patients. The findings revealed a positive association between the pediatric population with obesity and COVID‐19 severity, particularly among adolescents, who were at greater risk of developing severe illness. This association was also evident in higher rates of ICU admission and increased use of mechanical ventilation.
Reconstructing life‐time reproductive histories using steroid hormones in cephalopod beaks
Authors: Durante Erica D. , Wiese Michael D. , Meakin Ashley S. , Hall Karina C. , Doubleday Zoë A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractReproductive data are vital for fisheries and conservation management. For cephalopods, reproductive data are usually obtained by analyzing gonads, which only provide data on an individual at a given time and require whole deceased specimens. We developed a novel method for extracting reproductive hormones from along the growth axis of a chitinous structure which could thus provide lifetime reproductive histories. We tested our method on two octopus species by taking small subsamples (> 2 mg) of beak tissue along the growth axis. Estradiol and progesterone were detected in both sexes and species, but testosterone was not. Hormonal peaks were observed, likely indicating the timing of sexual maturity; however, peaks were not matched to absolute age. This is the first study to analyze hormones in the accretionary tissues of a marine invertebrate and could be used to collect vital reproductive data, such as age at maturity, on poorly understood species.