bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of a Feline Panleukopenia Modified Live Virus Vaccine in Cats in the Primary‐Stage of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Buonavoglia C. , Marsilio F. , Tempesta M. , Buonavoglia D. , Tiscar P. G. , Cavalli A. , Compagnucci M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryCats in the primary stage of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) infection and FIV seronegative cats were vaccinated with a modified live Feline Panleukopenia virus vaccine (FPV‐MLV). The FPV‐MLV strain was not pathogenic for FIV seronegative cats, whereas in FIV infected cats it produced severe clinical signs, similar to those typically observed in cats naturally infected with field strains of FPV (fever, diarrhoea, leukopenia).
A Sporulation Gene in Coxiella burnetii?
Authors: Oswald W. , Thiele D. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryDuring a search for conserved target sequences on the genome of Coxiella burnetii for a diagnostic PCR a NotI/EcoRV DNA fragment was cloned and sequenced from the isolate “Nine Mile”, Phase I (sequence data are registered under accession number X70045 in data bases EMBL, GENE‐BANK and DDBJ). On this fragment we have found a sequence of 1741 base pairs which showed an exceptionally high homology (60 % on the nucleic acid level and 49.6 % on the amino acid level) to the sporulation gene “spoIIIE” of the grampositive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. This is first evidence of the molecular basis for formation of spores in Coxiella burnetii which has been postulated in the literature by electron microscopic investigations.
Prolonged Persistence of Cytopathogenic Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) in a Persistently Viremic Cattle
Authors: Moennig V. , Greiser‐Wilke I. , Frey H.‐R. , Haas L. , Liebler E. , Pohlenz J. , Liess B. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA bull persistently viremic with noncytopathogenic (ncp) BVDV was inoculated with the cytopathic (cp) BVDV strain TGAC, which had been found to be antigenically different from the endogenous ncpBVDV (ncpW8). Neutralizing antibodies against strains NADL and TGAC were detectablc 12 days and four weeks post infection, respectively. The animal developed fever and diarrhea 15 weeks post infectionem. On days 3 and 8 after onset of diarrhea a cpBVDV (cpX) was isolated from feces. Antigenic analysis using monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) showed that cpX and the endogenous ncpBVDV (ncpW8) had identical reactivity patterns except for one epitope that was neither expressed on TGAC nor on ncpW8. Using polymerase chain reaction analysis it was shown that both TGAC and cpX contained a p8ø gene duplication combined with genomic insertions of identical size. Restriction enzyme analysis of the TGAC and cpX amplicons using four enzymes showed an identical cleavage pattern, except for HaeIII digestion where an additional fragment was observed with cpX. These results suggest that cpBVDV strain TGAC persisted in the viremic animal and apparently caused disease after 15 weeks.
Detection of Galactomannan and the 18 kDa Antigen from Aspergillus fumigatus in Serum and Urine from Cattle with Systemic Aspergillosis
Authors: Jensen H. E. , Stynen D. , Sarfati J. , Latgé J.‐P. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySerum and urine samples from cattle with experimental and spontaneous systemic mycotic infections were tested for the presence of galactomannan and the 18 kDa antigen from Aspergillus fumigatus by an inhibition ELISA and immunoblotting, respectively.High levels of galactomannan (∼80 ng/ml.) were detected in serum from two of three calves experimentally infected with A. fumigatus. In two out of three cows with spontaneous acquired aspergillosis a similar amount of galactomannan was detected. Galactomannan was not found in serum samples of 20 cows which aborted due to either experimental or spontaneous placental aspergillosis. Twenty‐four of forty urine samples from normal cattle reacted positively in the ELISA, consequently, the assay was not applicable on bovine urine.The 18 kDa antigen from A. fumigatus was detected in the urine from one calf out of three calves experimentally infected with aspergillosis and in the urine from one cow with spontaneous aspergillosis.It is concluded that detection of galactomannan in serum and the 18 kDa antigen in urine may be used as an aid for the diagnosis of disseminated bovine aspergillosis with the exception of placental and probably gastrointestinal localization.
Spinal Dysmyelination in New‐Born Brown Swiss x Braunvieh Calves
Authors: Hafner Angela , Dahme E. , Obermaier Gabriele , Schmidt P. , Dirksen G. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn four new‐born Braunvieh calves suffering from connate recumbency and body tremor, a hitherto not described myelination disorder of the spinal cord was examined. Bilateral symmetric hypo‐ as well as demyelination in several spinal tracts were the most conspicuous findings, affecting the ascending gracile funiculus, the ascending dorsolateral spinocerebellar tract, and the mainly descending sulcomarginal tract. Deficient myelin production, loss of myelin, consecutive axonal degenerations, and prominent astrogliosis within these tracts were the histological hallmarks of the disease. This possibly inherited primary myelination disorder of the spinal cord differs markedly from known hereditary neurological diseases in Brown Swiss and Braunvieh cattle, respectively, i. e. the weaver‐syndrome and the spinal muscular atrophy.
Endometritis in cattle experimentally induced by Chlamydia psittaci
Authors: Wittenbrink M. M. , Schoon H. A. , Schoon D. , Mansfeld R. , Bisping W. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryOn the day of estrus, eight virgin heifers received intrauterine inoculations of yolk sac propagated Chlamydia psittaci strain BovEnd 11/88 isolated from the uterus of a slaughter cow. All heifers developed purulent vaginal discharge which persisted for 3 to 7 weeks. Chlamydiae or chlamydial antigen were detected in vaginal and uterine discharges of infected animals by culture or Capture ELISA, while other bacterial pathogens were not found. In sera of the chlamydia‐infected heifers marked increases in antibody titres against the chlamydial genus‐specific LPS‐antigen were found by ELISA and complement fixation test. Six heifers were artificially inseminated in 5 successive cycles beginning at the first estrus following intrauterine inoculation. In two of the infected heifers spontaneous healing of endometritis occurred after 5 estrus cycles. Only these animals conceived after the 5th breeding, whereas in the remaining four animals a chlamydia‐associated chronic endometritis was recognized as the cause of infertility in the 19th and 26th week p.i. at slaughter. Two control heifers which remained clinically normal after intrauterine exposure to sterile yolk sacsuspensions conceived at the 1st and 2nd service, respectively.
Untersuchungen über das Infektionsrisiko für helminthenfrei aufgezogene Hunde bei üblicher Haltung im urbanen Bereich
Authors: Stoye M. , Hesse Anja , Kuschfeldt Sabine 
Published: May 2010

SummaryStudies on the infection risk for helminth‐free raised dogs kept under conventional conditions in an urban areaThe present investigations were carried out to clarify whether or not and to what extent helminth‐free raised dogs acquire patent and impatent helminth infections when exposed to an urban area contaminated with dog faeces. Groups of each 3 bitches at an age of 3, 6 or 9 month were taken out to an urban area (with average dog density of 1,5 per ha) for 3 hours daily on 5 days per week for a period of 3 month. During the whole trial the bitches and puppies born during this period were maintained under conditions which excluded other infections than those acquired during exposure in the urban area. The examination of the animals had the following results:All 9 bitches remained coproscopically negative until the end of the trial. In these bitches neither intestinal stages nor somatic helminth larvae were found. Seven out of 45 puppies from these bitches shed Toxocara canis eggs with the faeces. Shedding of eggs began 21 to 28 days after birth. Eggs excretion in most cases was low (< 33 eggs per gram). In 12 puppies from 5 litters intestinal stages of T. canis were found with a maximum of 4 specimens per animal. In 9 puppies only male or female T. canis were found.ZusammenfassungDie vorliegenden Untersuchungen sollten klären, ob und in welchem Maße helminthenfrei aufgezogene Hunde bei üblicher Exposition in mit Kot dieser Tierart kontaminierter urbaner Umwelt patente und impatente Helmintheninfektionen erwerben. Dazu waren je 3 Hündinnen im Alter von 3, 6 und 9 Monaten in einem Stadtgebiet mit über 1,5 Hunden/ha ausgeführt worden. Bei der Untersuchung dieser Tiere und der von ihnen nach erster Gravidität geborenen Welpen wurden folgende Befunde erhoben:Alle 9 Hündinnen blieben bis Versuchsende koprologisch negativ. In ihnen waren auch weder intestinale Stadien noch somatische Larven von Helminthen nachweisbar. Von 7 der insgesamt 45 Welpen dieser Tiere wurden Eier von Toxocara canis mit dem Kot eliminiert. Die Eiausscheidung begann 21 bis 28 Tage nach der Geburt. Sie blieb in den meisten Fällen niedrig, oft unterhalb der kleinsten erfaßbaren Eizahl pro Gramm von 33. Intestinale Stadien von Toxocara canis waren bei insgesamt 12 Welpen aus 5 Würfen nachweisbar. Maximal wurden 4 Exemplare dieser Art in einem Tier gefunden. Bei 9 Welpen waren nur Männchen oder Weibchen von Toxocara canis vorhanden.
Enzootic Intranasal Tumour of Goats in Italy
Authors: Vitellozzi G. , Mughetti L. , Palmarini M. , Mandara M. T. , Mechelli L. , Sharp J. M. , Manocchio I. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAn outbreak of enzootic intranasal tumour (EIT) in a goat herd in Central Italy is described. From October 1990 to September 1992 41 tumors were diagnosed in goats ranging in age from 6 months to 6 years and of both the Alpine and Saanen breeds. Clinically the affected goats showed nasal discharge, facial swelling, sneezing and snoring respiration and weight loss.Post‐mortem examinations revealed uni‐ or bilateral tumours of the olfactory mucous membrane. The neoplasms were classified as low grade adenocarcinomas. Ultrastructurally, retrovirus‐like particles were observed in 10/10 tumours examined.Epidemiological and ultrastructural findings strongly suggest a viral aetiology for intranasal enzootic adenocarcinoma in the goats examined.
Investigations on the Aerobic Flora and Clostridium perfringens in Fecal Specimens from Free‐living and Captive Capercaillies (Tetrao urogallus L., 1758)
Authors: Schales Kerstin , Gerlach Helga , Kösters J. 
Published: May 2010

Summary173 fecal specimens from captive Capercaillies and 92 fecal specimens from free‐living Capercaillies were examined bacteriologically. With all specimens the bacteriological examination was limited to the aerobic bacteria which can be isolated by the usual methods and to Clostridium perfringens. The occurrence of fungi and parasites was examined as well. The present paper compares the results of these examinations. The identifiable fecal flora of free‐living Capercaillies consists of few species with low colony numbers. In about half of the specimens Bacillus spp. are the main aerobic component while only a small number of the fecal specimens contain Escherichia coli and Streptococcus spp. None of the literature to date has stated that Streptococcus spp. do not belong to the autochthonous fecal or intestinal flora of an avian species. Clostridium perfringens cannot be isolated. The identifiable fecal flora of captive Capercaillies consists of many species with high colony numbers. Almost all fecal specimens contain Escherichia coli and various Bacillus spp. Streptococcus spp. can be isolated frequently, other enterobacteriaceae and Clostridium perfringens are present. The results of the examinations for fungi and parasites only differ slightly from those in wild birds.
Feed‐induced Lectins in Piglets
Authors: Göransson L. , Martinsson K. , Lange S. , Lönnroth I. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe effect on various biological variables of a special weaner feed (FD) with the capacity to induce endogenous synthesis of feedinduced lectines (FIL), and a commonly used commercial diet (CD) was evaluated in 891 piglets in four different experiments. The FD diet was found to induce a high activity of FIL (FIL = 0.94 ± 0.03 units/ml. blood), as compared to CD (FIL < 0.20 units/ml. blood). The FIL values did not decrease after weaning. The incidence of diarrhoea in piglets fed FD 0–14 days post‐weaning was 12 ± 5 per cent, as compared to 41 ± 9 per cent in the CD group, the difference being significant. Daily weight gain 0–35 days after weaning was 67 ± 15 grams greater in the FD group than among those fed CD. The consumption of FD was double that of CD in the period before weaning (at 5 weeks), and some 40 per cent more in the postweaning period up to 9 weeks of age.
Testing of Remedial Measures in Fattening Pig Herds Affected with Subclinical Infections of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2
Authors: Beskow P. , Robertsson J. Å. , Söderlind O. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe present investigation comprised 5 specialized herds of slaughter pigs, each with a production of 1,500 to 4,000 fatteners per year. High prevalence of pleuritis was demonstrated in all herds at slaughter. Serological investigations by means of ELISA were carried out to determine antibody titres to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (A. pl.) serotype 2 during the fattening period and at slaughter. The investigations showed that this agent was a predominant cause of the subclinical pleuritis although A. pl. was difficult to isolate. An environment study was performed in all herds and major environmental deficiencies were corrected during the course of the investigation. Similarly, all herds changed to a strict routine of batch rearing. In 4 herds out of 5, the animals were vaccinated on arrival to the growing‐finishing units and again generally 3–4 weeks later with an inactivated vaccine against A. pl. serotype 2.The prevalence of pleuritis decreased with 25–75% during the three‐year observation period. Also the prevalence of pneumonia decreased at the same time. Conversely, daily weight gain and feed conversion improved.The prevalence of pleuritis and pneumonia registered at slaughter was lower in the three‐breed crosses (including Hampshire, Landrace and Yorkshire) than in the two‐breed crosses with Landrace and Yorkshire.
A Rapid Antigen Capture ELISA for the Detection of Orthopox Viruses
Authors: Johann S. , Czerny C.‐P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA genus‐specific antigen capture enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of orthopox viruses (OPV) was established, testing various combinations of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and rabbit hyper‐immune sera. The most sensitive assay was based on capturing antigen with a non‐neutralizing MAb against a highly conserved antigenic site of the OPV fusion protein. Bound antigen was detected by a mixture of the two broadly‐reactive rabbit anti‐monkey‐pox‐ and rabbit anti‐vaccinia virus hyper‐immune sera. The reaction was visualized by the corresponding anti‐species‐horseradish‐peroxidase‐ (HRP) conjugate and 3,3′, 5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as substrate. This system was able to identify all OPV‐species and isolates which were investigated. The ELISA demonstrated complete agreement with conventional procedures undertaken for qualitative and quantitative OPV‐detection. In parallel, 16 defined OPV‐strains were analysed by quantitative electron microscopy (calculation of the number of physical particles; PN) and infectivity titration (TCID50/ml) on tissue cultures. When ELISA data were compared with infectivity titers, the detection limits in the ELISA varied in a wide range of 102–104 TCID50/ml., depending on different replicative potencies of the individual virus strains. However, when PN was the basis for calculation, a minimum of 105 physical virus particles/ml could be detected. Gradient‐purified virus was detectable up to a protein content of 15 ng/ml. Maximum optical densities in the sample (OD450nm) reached 2.0, while mock infected tissue cultures of negative samples offered corresponding values of <0.01.
Experimental Infection with Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis of Ground Squirrels (Citellus Citellus)
Authors: Veljanov D. K. , Vesselinova A. M. , Nikolova S. F. , Kussovski V. K. , Najdenski H. M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAn experimental infection was induced in the European ground squirrel (Citellus citellus) by intraperitoneally injecting of 1 ml. of microbial suspension, containing 1 times 109 CFU (colony forming units) of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, serotypes I and III.The infectious process was dynamically followed up from the 1st up to the 30th day, respectively. Account was rendered to the general condition, the internal body temperature and the mortality rate. The phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages (aMa) and polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL), isolated from the experimental animals, was also determined, as well as the degree of bacterial dissemination into the viscera and the histomorphological changes that found in the parenchymal organs.These investigations confirm the fact that the bacterial agent has a broad spectrum of alaterations in the organism of the host ‐ the European ground squirrel (Citellus citellus) in which the pseudotuberculosis developes as a generalized infection, especially pronounced in the animals that were infected with the serotype III.
The Postantibiotic Effect of Selected Antibiotics on Staphylococcus aureus Newbould 305 from Bovine Intramammary Infection
Authors: Owens W. E. , Washburn P. J. , Ray C. H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe postantibiotic effect (PAE) was determined for selected antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus Newbould 305 originating in vivo from mastitic milk and compared with the PAE for the same S. aureus strain cultured in vitro. The PAE was measured at 2 and 4 times the MIC for 1 and 2 h of exposure. The PAE of penicillin, pirlimycin, and tilmicosin were reduced against S. aureus 305 originating in vivo compared with S. aureus 305 grown in vitro. The PAE of cephapirin was increased against S. aureus originating in vivo. Minimal effect on PAE was noted for novobiocin. The PAE for rifampicin extended beyond the limits of the test parameters (> 180 min) for all antibiotic concentrations, media, and exposure times tested, except at 2 times the MIC and at 1 h exposure when the PAE was reduced to 60 min for S. aureus 305 originating in vivo. The PAE of an antibiotic may be an important consideration in determining therapy intervals and antibiotic concentrations for treatment of bovine mastitis.
Identification and Classification of Different Isolates of Francisella tularensis
Authors: Mörner T. , Mattsson R. , Forsman M. , Johansson K.‐E. , Sandström G. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe causative agent of tularemia, Francisella tularensis, occurs in two main biovars, the highly virulent F. t. biovar tularensis, found in North America; and the less virulent biovar palaearctica, found all over the northern hemisphere. Two other biovars have been proposed, F. t. biovar mediaasiatica and F. t. biovar palaearctica var. japonica. In Sweden tularemia is most frequently observed in man and varying hares (Lepus timidus), and occasionally in other species. Tularemia in hares is normally an acute fatal disease, although less fatal infections have been reported. The diagnosis of tularemia is routinely based on immunological reactions. We studied 10 different isolates of F. tularensis from varying hares, one isolate from an Ural owl (Strix uralensis), one vaccine strain, one strain of F. t. biovar japonica, and six isolates from a virulence study of F. tularensis, by biochemical tests and by hybridization experiments with probes complementary to 16S rRNA. All isolates, except the isolate F. t. biovar japonica, were characterized as F. t. biovar palaearctica by biochemical tests. In the 16S rRNA analysis all isolates were positive to the probe for Francisella tularensis and the probe for F. t. biovar palaearctica with the exception that F. t. biovar japonica reacted with the probe specific to F. t. biovar tularensis. To further confirm that the strains used belonged to F. t. biovar palaearctica virulence tests in rabbits were performed which disclosed this phenotype. The results presented in this work show that the isolated strains from the western part of Europe were F. t. biovar palaearctica, irrespective of animal origin or virulence.
Untersuchungen zu infektiösen Ursachen für Aborte und Totgeburten beim Schwein in der Schweiz*
Authors: Broll S. , Waldvogel A. S. , Rosskopf M. , Corboz L. , Pospischil A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryFetuses and placentae of 171 cases of porcine abortion, stillbirth and mummification were examined for pathological lesions, bacterial infections and PPV (porcine parvovirus) infection. Furthermore IgG (immunoglobulin G) levels were determined in fetal body fluids. Selected maternal sera were tested for antibodies against Leptospira, Aujeszky's disease and hog cholera.PPV infection was diagnosed in 29.2 % of all cases. Bacterial abortion was diagnosed in 8.2 %. Indications for an infectious agent were demonstrated in about 10 % of the cases. The etiology of the abortion could not be identified in 52 %.Inflammatory alterations in association with the isolation of bacteria consisted of neutrophilic infiltration and necrosis and were of particular value to differentiate bacterial contamination from infection. Infiltrations of mononuclear leucocytes in brain, leptomeninx, kidney or myocard were observed in about 50 % of the fetuses with PPV infection.IgG levels were consistently elevated in fetuses serologically positive for PPV, but also in two fetuses, where no infectious agent could be identified.ZusammenfassungFöten und Plazenten von 171 Fällen von Aborten, Totgeburten und Geburt mumifizierter Föten beim Schwein wurden auf pathologische Veränderungen, auf bakterielle Infektionen und auf PPV‐Infektion untersucht. Zusätzlich wurde der Immunglobulin‐G‐Gehalt fötaler Körperflüssigkeiten bestimmt. Ausgewählte Seren von abortierenden Muttersauen wurden auf Antikörper gegen Leptospiren, Aujeszkysche Krankheit und europäische Schweinepest getestet.In 29,2 % der Fälle konnte eine PPV‐Infektion nachgewiesen werden. Bei 8,2 % wurde eine bakterielle Abortursache diagnostiziert. In ca. weiteren 10 % der Fälle lagen Hinweise für eine infektiöse Ursache vor. In 52 % der Fälle lagen keine Hinweise auf die Ursache für den Fruchttod bzw. den Abort vor.Histologische Veränderungen in Form von neutrophilen Infiltraten oder Nekrosen im Zusammenhang mit der Isolierung von Bakterien waren wertvolle Kriterien für die Unterscheidung zwischen postmortaler Kontamination und echter Infektion. Im Zusammenhang mit einer Parvovirusinfektion wurden in ca. der Hälfte der untersuchten Föten lymphoplasmazelluläre Infiltrate perivaskulär in Großhirn und Leptomeninx, interstitiell in der Niere oder im Myokard beobachtet. Erhöhte IgG‐Spiegel wurden regelmäßig bei PPV‐positiven Fällen sowie bei zwei weiteren Föten ohne Ermittlung eines Erregers festgestellt.
Survival of Salmonellas in Composted and Not Composted Solid Animal Manures
Authors: Forshell L. Plym , Ekesbo I. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySurvival of S. dublin, S. senftenberg and S. typhimurium in composted cattle manure was less than seven days. In cold cattle manures S. dublin survived 183 days but not 190, while S. senftenberg and S. typhimurium survived 204 but not 214 days. In composted sow manure S. senftenberg and S. typhimurium survived less than seven days while S. derby survived 14 days but not 21.