bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perpetual loss and gain: Translation, estrangement and cyclical recurrence of experience based knowledges in public action
Authors: Demszky Alma , Nassehi Armin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe “Knowledge and Policy”1 project illuminates several forms of non-standardised knowledge influencing political decision making. Various terms have been employed by the project teams, but in this article we designate “experience based knowledge” as the common denominator of these knowledge forms.The following article stems from the qualitative synthesis of the country reports of the project. After discussing the problems of defining experience based knowledge we discuss its potentials and limits in policymaking. The analysis emphasises the changing and volatile nature of this knowledge: during translation into policy terms it is transformed almost beyond recognisability. This is not however the end of the process – just the beginning of a new cycle.
Strong-field electrophoresis
Authors: Schnitzer Ory , Yariv Ehud 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe analyse particle electrophoresis in the thin-double-layer limit for asymptotically large applied electric fields. Specifically, we consider fields scaling as ${\delta }^{\ensuremath{-} 1} $, $\delta ~(\ll \hspace *{-2pt}1)$ being the dimensionless Debye thickness. The dominant advection associated with the intense flow mandates a uniform salt concentration in the electro-neutral bulk. The $O({\delta }^{\ensuremath{-} 1} )$ large tangential fields in the diffuse part of the double layer give rise to a novel ‘surface conduction’ mechanism at moderate zeta potentials, where the Dukhin number is vanishingly small. The ensuing $O(1)$ electric current emerging from the double layer modifies the bulk electric field; the comparable $O(1)$ transverse salt flux, on the other hand, is incompatible with the nil diffusive fluxes at the homogeneous bulk. This contradiction is resolved by identifying the emergence of a diffusive boundary layer of $O({\delta }^{1/ 2} )$ thickness, resembling thermal boundary layers at large-Reynolds-number flows. The modified electric field within the bulk gives rise to an irrotational flow, resembling those in moderate-field electrophoresis. At leading order, the particle electrophoretic velocity is provided by Smoluchowski’s formula, describing linear variation with applied field.
A new species of the deepwater shrimp genusLeontocaris(Hippolytidae: Caridea) from the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Authors: Cardoso I.A. , Fransen C.H.J.M. 
Published: May 2012

The hippolytid genusLeontocarisincludes eight species, all restricted to the deep sea (240–2182 m). Associations with deep sea coralline habitats were reported and are herein confirmed. Three Australian species were recorded at seamounts as were the specimens herein identified asL. smarensissp. nov. These specimens were sampled at the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge (SMAR) by the Mar Eco project during 12 bottom trawls using a Sigsbee trawl. The SMAR is a seamount chain that rises from 4000 m depth, with mountains of 100–200 km wide and 14,000 km length.Leontocaris smarensissp. nov. shows closest affinity toL. larfrom the north-western Atlantic andL. yarramundi, from Australia and New Zealand. It differs fromL. larmainly in: (1) the scaphocerite distolateral tooth reaching the distal margin of the blade while clearly falling short in the latter species; and (2) the mandibular palp possessing three distal setae while setae are absent inL. lar. The new species differs fromL. yarramundiin the number and disposition of dorsal teeth on rostrum and in the absence of an acute posterolateral spine on abdominal somites 4 and 5.
Effect of starvation on condition and growth of juvenile plaice Pleuronectes platessa: nursery habitat quality assessment during the settlement period
Authors: Selleslagh Jonathan , Amara Rachid 
Published: May 2012

In order to assess the effect of feeding deprivation on growth and condition of field-caught newly settled juvenile plaice Pleuronectes platessa, a 3 week starvation experiment was conducted and changes in RNA/DNA ratio, Fulton's K condition index and recent otolith growth were measured. Fed ad libitum and starved fish were analysed after 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 14, 16 and 22 days of starvation. In parallel, field newly settled juvenile plaice were collected weekly over the settlement period (between April and May 2005) in the adjacent intertidal zone of the Canche estuary (eastern English Channel, France) and fish performances were estimated. After starvation day 4, Fulton's K condition index and RNA/DNA ratio of juvenile plaice significantly differed between treatments while recent otolith growth differed between treatments after day 9 of the experiment procedure. Results indicate that the three biological parameters are sensitive indices and can be used to accurately assess nutritional condition of wild juvenile fish. Values of 0.32 for RNA/DNA, 0.83 mg. mm−3 for Fulton's K index, and 3.99 µm for recent otolith daily growth were defined as critical threshold values below which juvenile plaice can be classified as ‘starving'. When comparing these experimental values with those from field-caught newly settled juvenile plaice, less than 1% of wild individuals can be classified as ‘starving' whatever the index. Our results suggest that feeding conditions throughout the settlement period on the Canche intertidal nursery ground are favourable to juvenile plaice development and survival, and hence to the recruitment success.
Neuropsychological performance and family history in children at age 7 who develop adult schizophrenia or bipolar psychosis in the New England Family Studies
Authors: Seidman L. J. , Cherkerzian S. , Goldstein J. M. , Agnew-Blais J. , Tsuang M. T. , Buka S. L. 
Published: May 2012

BackgroundPersons developing schizophrenia (SCZ) manifest various pre-morbid neuropsychological deficits, studied most often by measures of IQ. Far less is known about pre-morbid neuropsychological functioning in individuals who later develop bipolar psychoses (BP). We evaluated the specificity and impact of family history (FH) of psychosis on pre-morbid neuropsychological functioning.MethodWe conducted a nested case-control study investigating the associations of neuropsychological data collected systematically at age 7 years for 99 adults with psychotic diagnoses (including 45 SCZ and 35 BP) and 101 controls, drawn from the New England cohort of the Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP). A mixed-model approach evaluated full-scale IQ, four neuropsychological factors derived from principal components analysis (PCA), and the profile of 10 intelligence and achievement tests, controlling for maternal education, race and intra-familial correlation. We used a deviant responder approach (<10th percentile) to calculate rates of impairment.ResultsThere was a significant linear trend, with the SCZ group performing worst. The profile of childhood deficits for persons with SCZ did not differ significantly from BP. Neuropsychological impairment was identified in 42.2% of SCZ, 22.9% of BP and 7% of controls. The presence of psychosis in first-degree relatives (FH+) significantly increased the severity of childhood impairment for SCZ but not for BP.ConclusionsPre-morbid neuropsychological deficits are found in a substantial proportion of children who later develop SCZ, especially in the SCZ FH+ subgroup, but less so in BP, suggesting especially impaired neurodevelopment underlying cognition in pre-SCZ children. Future work should assess genetic and environmental factors that explain this FH effect.
Amygdalar Volume in Borderline Personality Disorder With and Without Comorbid Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: A Meta-analysis
Authors: de-Almeida Claudia P. , Wenzel Amy , de-Carvalho Camila S. , Powell Vania B. , Araújo-Neto César , Quarantini Lucas C. , de-Oliveira Irismar R. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIntroductionFour studies have found a smaller amygdalar volume in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) relative to controls, whereas four other studies have found similar amygdalar volume in BPD patients relative to controls. This study aims to compare amygdalar volumes of BPD patients with controls, and also to compare BPD patients with and without post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with controls in order to determine whether PTSD can explain the heterogeneity of findings.MethodSystematic review and meta-analysis of magnetic resonance imaging studies that measured amygdalar volumes in BPD patients and healthy controls.FindingsA significant reduction of amygdalar volumes in BPD patients was confirmed (p < .001). However, data from the studies that discriminated BPD patients with and without PTSD indicated that amygdalar volumes were significantly smaller in BPD patients without PTSD relative to controls (left: p = .02; right: p = .05), but not in BPD patients with PTSD relative to controls (left: p = .08; right: p = .20).ConclusionThis meta-analysis suggests that amygdalar volumes are reduced in patients with BPD. This pattern is confirmed in BPD patients without PTSD, but not in BPD patients with PTSD, raising the possibility that reduced amygdalar volume in BPD patients cannot be explained by comorbid PTSD.
Estimated portion sizes in a school-aged population
Authors: Patel Sumaiya , Vyas Avni , Custovic Adnan , Murray Clare S 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo produce study-specific portion sizes for 11-year-old children in a population-based birth cohort and to compare these study-specific portion sizes with previously published children's portion sizes, to assess their relevance today.DesignTwo multiple-pass 24 h dietary recalls were taken. The Food Standard Agency's photographic food atlas was used to quantify intakes. Study-specific food portion sizes were calculated for each food group. Portion sizes were calculated for all children and separately for boys and girls. The nutrient intake from the 24 h dietary recalls was analysed using study-specific and published portion sizes for individual participants. Agreement was assessed using Pearson's correlation, intra-class correlation coefficients and the Bland–Altman method.SettingBirth cohort study, UK.SubjectsChildren (mean age 11·3 years, n 264) and parents/guardians.ResultsA total of 124 food portion sizes were calculated. Differences in portion weights between boys and girls were seen only for seven food items. There was a significant positive relationship (P < 0·001) between intakes of each nutrient as determined by the two sets of portion sizes. Correlation coefficients ranged from 0·77 (protein) to 0·98 (β-carotene). The intra-class correlation coefficients showed good agreement between nutrient intakes determined by the study-specific and published portion sizes (P < 0·001).ConclusionsNutrient intakes calculated using portion sizes from our population were similar to those calculated from portion size data collected in a national survey, despite being collected over a decade later. The present study adds to the small amount of evidence regarding portion sizes in UK children and shows agreement with previously published paediatric portion sizes.
Involvement in home meal preparation is associated with food preference and self-efficacy among Canadian children
Authors: Chu Yen Li , Farmer Anna , Fung Christina , Kuhle Stefan , Storey Kate E , Veugelers Paul J 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between frequency of assisting with home meal preparation and fruit and vegetable preference and self-efficacy for making healthier food choices among grade 5 children in Alberta, Canada.DesignA cross-sectional survey design was used. Children were asked how often they helped prepare food at home and rated their preference for twelve fruits and vegetables on a 3-point Likert-type scale. Self-efficacy was measured with six items on a 4-point Likert-type scale asking children their level of confidence in selecting and eating healthy foods at home and at school.SettingSchools (n151) located in Alberta, Canada.SubjectsGrade 5 students (n3398).ResultsA large majority (83–93 %) of the study children reported helping in home meal preparation at least once monthly. Higher frequency of helping prepare and cook food at home was associated with higher fruit and vegetable preference and with higher self-efficacy for selecting and eating healthy foods.ConclusionsEncouraging children to be more involved in home meal preparation could be an effective health promotion strategy. These findings suggest that the incorporation of activities teaching children how to prepare simple and healthy meals in health promotion programmes could potentially lead to improvement in dietary habits.
Ostracode Mg/Ca paleothermometry in the North Atlantic and Arctic oceans: Evaluation of a carbonate ion effect
Authors: Farmer Jesse R. , Cronin Thomas M. , Dwyer Gary S. 
Published: May 2012

The reconstruction of deep‐sea bottom water temperature (BWT) is important to assess the ocean's response to and role in orbital‐ and millennial‐scale climate change. Deep‐sea paleothermometry employs magnesium to calcium (Mg/Ca) ratios in calcitic benthic microfaunas (foraminifera, ostracodes) as a primary proxy method. Mg/Ca paleothermometry may, however, be complicated by bottom water carbonate ion chemistry, which might affect Mg/Ca ratios in shells. To address temperature and carbonate ion influence on Mg/Ca ratios, we studied Mg/Ca ratios in the benthic ostracode genus Krithe in the North Atlantic and Arctic oceans using a 686‐specimen core top collection, including 412 previously unpublished analyses. Mg/Ca ratios are positively correlated to temperature in multiple species from the North Atlantic [BWT = (0.885 × Mg/Ca) − 5.69, r2 = 0.73] and for K. glacialis in the Arctic Ocean and Nordic Seas [BWT = (0.439 × Mg/Ca) − 5.14, r2 = 0.50], consistent with previously published calibrations. We found no evidence for a relationship between Krithe Mg/Ca and carbonate ion saturation in the North Atlantic Ocean, Nordic Seas, and Arctic Ocean, supporting the use of Krithe Mg/Ca for reconstructing past BWT.
Variations in methanobactin structure influences copper utilization by methane-oxidizing bacteria
Authors: El Ghazouani Abdelnasser , Baslé Arnaud , Gray Joe , Graham David W. , Firbank Susan J. , Dennison Christopher 
Published: May 2012

Methane-oxidizing bacteria are nature’s primary biological mechanism for suppressing atmospheric levels of the second-most important greenhouse gas via methane monooxygenases (MMOs). The copper-containing particulate enzyme is the most widespread and efficient MMO. Under low-copper conditions methane-oxidizing bacteria secrete the small copper-binding peptide methanobactin (mbtin) to acquire copper, but how variations in the structures of mbtins influence copper metabolism and species selection are unknown. Methanobactins have been isolated from
Methylocystis
strains M and
hirsuta
CSC1, organisms that can switch to using an iron-containing soluble MMO when copper is limiting, and the nonswitchover
Methylocystis rosea
. These mbtins are shorter, and have different amino acid compositions, than the characterized mbtin from
Methylosinus trichosporium
OB3b. A coordinating pyrazinedione ring in the
Methylocystis
mbtins has little influence on the Cu(I) site structure. The
Methylocystis
mbtins have a sulfate group that helps stabilize the Cu(I) forms, resulting in affinities of approximately 10
21
M
-1
. The Cu(II) affinities vary over three orders of magnitude with reduction potentials covering approximately 250 mV, which may dictate the mechanism of intracellular copper release. Copper uptake and the switchover from using the iron-containing soluble MMO to the copper-containing particulate enzyme is faster when mediated by the native mbtin, suggesting that the amino acid sequence is important for the interaction of mbtins with receptors. The differences in structures and properties of mbtins, and their influence on copper utilization by methane-oxidizing bacteria, have important implications for the ecology and global function of these environmentally vital organisms.
A review of the structure and regulation of the laying hen's reproductive system and the interaction between the stress and reproductive axes.
Authors: Golden J. B. , Arbona D. V. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The laying hen's ovary is a unique biological model for studying the interaction of the reproductive (hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG)) and stress (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)) axes because of the highly regulated, grossly apparent hierarchical organization of ovarian follicles destined for maturation and ovulation. Additionally, the histological structure of the hen's pre-ovulatory hierarchical follicles allows for the manual separation of the theca and granulosa tissues with ease, making it an ideal model for conducting gene expression studies that are tissue-specific in avian species. Through follicular gene expression studies, the processes of vitellogenesis, follicular maturation, selection and ovulation have been thoroughly characterized in the laying hen. More recently, an interest in understanding the impact of stress on follicular development has arisen in the poultry industry given producers' desires to maximize production efficiency. Specifically, the role of glucocorticoids and the expression of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) on avian ovarian follicles have been examined to closely assess the interaction of the HPG and the HPA axes. By understanding the interaction of these axes, a better understanding of the impact of stress on layer hens' ovarian function will be gleaned. In this review, the hen's reproductive system as well as reproductive and stress axes are covered extensively in order to provide insight into the dynamic interactions that exist between the hen's ovarian follicles and primary stress hormone, corticosterone.
Mosaic: making biological sense of complex networks
Authors: Zhang Chao , Hanspers Kristina , Kuchinsky Allan , Salomonis Nathan , Xu Dong , Pico Alexander R. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Summary: We present a Cytoscape plugin called Mosaic to support interactive network annotation, partitioning, layout and coloring based on gene ontology or other relevant annotations.
Availability: Mosaic is distributed for free under the Apache v2.0 open source license and can be downloaded via the Cytoscape plugin manager. A detailed user manual is available on the Mosaic web site (http://nrnb.org/tools/mosaic).
Contact: apico@gladstone.ucsf.edu
Climate effects on Barents Sea ecosystem dynamics
Authors: Dalpadado Padmini , Ingvaldsen Randi B. , Stige Leif Christian , Bogstad Bjarte , Knutsen Tor , Ottersen Geir , Ellertsen Bjørnar 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDalpadado, P., Ingvaldsen, R. B., Stige, L. C., Bogstad, B., Knutsen, T., Ottersen, G., and Ellertsen, B. 2012. Climate effects on Barents Sea ecosystem dynamics. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: . Effects of climate variability and change on sea temperature, currents, and water mass distribution are likely to affect the productivity and structure of high-latitude ecosystems. This paper focuses on the Barents Sea (BS), a productive Arcto–boreal shelf ecosystem sustaining several ecologically and economically important fish species. The water masses in the region are classified as Atlantic, Arctic, and mixed, each having a distinct ecological signature. The pronounced increase in temperature and a reduction in the area covered by Arctic water that has taken place during the past decade have affected the ecology of the region. An increase in biomass of lipid-rich euphausiids in recent years, possibly linked to the temperature increase, has apparently provided good feeding and growth conditions for several species, including capelin and young cod. The observed reduction in Arctic zooplankton may on the other hand have negative implications for polar cod and other zooplankton predators linked to the Arctic foodweb. Despite these changes, the BS at present seems to maintain relatively stable levels of boreal zooplankton biomass and production, with no significant changes in the abundances of Calanus finmarchicus or the episodic immigrant C. helgolandicus.
SMALL ACIDIC PROTEIN1 Acts with RUB Modification Components, the COP9 Signalosome, and AXR1 to Regulate Growth and Development of Arabidopsis
Authors: Nakasone Akari , Fujiwara Masayuki , Fukao Yoichiro , Biswas Kamal Kanti , Rahman Abidur , Kawai-Yamada Maki , Narumi Issay , Uchimiya Hirofumi , Oono Yutaka 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Previously, a dysfunction of the SMALL ACIDIC PROTEIN1 (SMAP1) gene was identified as the cause of the anti-auxin resistant1 (aar1) mutant of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). SMAP1 is involved in the response pathway of synthetic auxin, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and functions upstream of the auxin/indole-3-acetic acid protein degradation step in auxin signaling. However, the exact mechanism by which SMAP1 functions in auxin signaling remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that SMAP1 is required for normal plant growth and development and the root response to indole-3-acetic acid or methyl jasmonate in the auxin resistant1 (axr1) mutation background. Deletion analysis and green fluorescent protein/glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays showed that SMAP1 physically interacts with the CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC9 SIGNALOSOME (CSN) via the SMAP1 F/D region. The extremely dwarf phenotype of the aar1-1 csn5a-1 double mutant confirms the functional role of SMAP1 in plant growth and development under limiting CSN functionality. Our findings suggest that SMAP1 is involved in the auxin response and possibly in other cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase-regulated signaling processes via its interaction with components associated with RELATED TO UBIQUITIN modification.
Chloroplast RH3 DEAD Box RNA Helicases in Maize and Arabidopsis Function in Splicing of Specific Group II Introns and Affect Chloroplast Ribosome Biogenesis
Authors: Asakura Yukari , Galarneau Erin , Watkins Kenneth P. , Barkan Alice , van Wijk Klaas J. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Chloroplasts in angiosperms contain at least seven nucleus-encoded members of the DEAD box RNA helicase family. Phylogenetic analysis shows that five of these plastid members (RH22, -39, -47, -50, and -58) form a single clade and that RH3 forms a clade with two mitochondrial RH proteins (PMH1 and -2) functioning in intron splicing. The function of chloroplast RH3 in maize (Zea mays; ZmRH3) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana; AtRH3) was determined. ZmRH3 and AtRH3 are both under strong developmental control, and ZmRH3 abundance sharply peaked in the sink-source transition zone of developing maize leaves, coincident with the plastid biogenesis machinery. ZmRH3 coimmunoprecipitated with a specific set of plastid RNAs, including several group II introns, as well as pre23S and 23S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), but not 16S rRNA. Furthermore, ZmRH3 associated with 50S preribosome particles as well as nucleoids. AtRH3 null mutants are embryo lethal, whereas a weak allele (rh3-4) results in pale-green seedlings with defects in splicing of several group II introns and rRNA maturation as well as reduced levels of assembled ribosomes. These results provide strong evidence that RH3 functions in the splicing of group II introns and possibly also contributes to the assembly of the 50S ribosomal particle. Previously, we observed 5- to 10-fold up-regulation of AtRH3 in plastid Caseinolytic protease mutants. The results shown here indicate that AtRH3 up-regulation was not a direct consequence of reduced proteolysis but constituted a compensatory response at both RH3 transcript and protein levels to impaired chloroplast biogenesis; this response demonstrates that cross talk between the chloroplast and the nucleus is used to regulate RH3 levels.