bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MG132, a proteasome inhibitor, induces apoptosis in tumor cells
Authors: GUO Na , PENG Zhilan 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis is critical for normal development and for the maintenance of homeostasis in adult organisms. Disruption of this balance has been implicated in a large number of disease processes, ranging from autoimmunity and neurodegenerative disorders to cancer. The ubiquitin–proteasome pathway, responsible for mediating the majority of intracellular proteolysis, plays a crucial role in the regulation of many normal cellular processes, including the cell cycle, differentiation and apoptosis. Apoptosis in cancer cells is closely connected with the activity of ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. The peptide‐aldehyde proteasome inhibitor MG132 (carbobenzoxyl‐L‐leucyl‐L‐leucyl‐L‐leucine) induces the apoptosis of cells by a different intermediary pathway. Although the pathway of induction of apoptosis is different, it plays a crucial role in anti‐tumor treatment. There are many cancer‐related molecules in which the protein levels present in cells are regulated by a proteasomal pathway; for example, tumor inhibitors (P53, E2A, c‐Myc, c‐Jun, c‐Fos), transcription factors (transcription factor nuclear factor‐kappa B, IκBα, HIFI, YYI, ICER), cell cycle proteins (cyclin A and B, P27, P21, IAP1/3), MG132 induces cell apoptosis through formation of reactive oxygen species or the upregulation and downregulation of these factors, which is ultimately dependent upon the activation of the caspase family of cysteine proteases. In this article we review the mechanism of the induction of apoptosis in order to provide information required for research.
Intraosseous schwannoma of the proximal femur
Authors: HOSHI Manabu , TAKADA Jun , OEBISU Naoto , NAKAMURA Hiroaki 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA schwannoma is a benign nerve sheath tumor commonly located in soft tissue. An intraosseous schwannoma is very rare, and only four cases involving the femur were found in a review of the English‐language medical literature. We present a rare case of a schwannoma with well‐defined, lytic, dumbbell‐shaped and benign‐appearing lesions of the proximal femur.
Metadherin is a novel prognostic marker for bladder cancer progression and overall patient survival
Authors: ZHOU Jian , LI Jie , WANG Zengjun , YIN Changjun , ZHANG Wei 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAim:  Metadherin (MTDH) is a potential oncogene in tumor development and is highly expressed in various types of human cancers. However, there has been no report on the role of MTDH in bladder cancer. Our aim was to investigate the expression pattern of MTDH in bladder tissue at different clinic pathological stages and evaluate the potential of MTDH as a biomarker of bladder cancer.Methods:  The expression of MTDH in bladder tumors at different stages and normal bladder tissue was examined using immunohistochemical staining and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. A statistical analysis was used to test for the association of MTDH and bladder cancer classification, staging and prognosis. The expression of proliferation marker Ki67 was examined and the relation between MTDH and Ki67 was studied.Results:  The expression of MTDH was not detected in normal bladder tissue; however, up to 65% (39/60) of bladder tumors were found to have positive MTDH expression. A significant correlation was found between MTDH expression and the Union for International Cancer Control stage (P < 0.001), World Health Organization classification (P = 0.001), tumor recurrence (P = 0.015) and tumor multiplicity (P = 0.026). Patients with higher MTDH expression had shorter overall survival time, suggesting the potential of MTDH to be an independent prognostic indicator of bladder cancer. The positive correlation between MTDH and of Ki67 suggests the ability to promote tumor growth of MTDH.Conclusions:  Our results suggest that MTDH protein may be a valuable marker of bladder cancer progression. MTDH expression is associated with poor overall survival in patients with bladder cancer.
Predicting the mortality of necrotizing fasciitis with blood pressure and white blood cell count
Authors: Fann Wen‐Chih , Chiang I‐Jen , Hsiao Cheng‐Ting , Hong Yu‐Cheng , Chen I‐Chuan 
Published: May 2012

AimEven with modern care, necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a life‐threatening emergency disease. The present study attempts to identify simple clinical admission characteristics or laboratory tests to differentiate between high‐ and low‐mortality risk groups in patients with NF.Patients and MethodsThe records of 272 patients who received debridement were reviewed. The χ
2‐test (or the Mann–Whitney U‐test) and C4.5 decision tree were utilized to analyse 23 clinical characteristics and laboratory tests. The main outcome measure was in‐hospital mortality.ResultsThe overall mortality rate was 17 per cent. Three independent predictors of mortality – white blood cell (WBC) count; left shift in the differential WBC count, with an increase in immature neutrophils (band form); and hypotension – were determined using the C4.5 decision tree. From these predictors, a decision tree was produced to classify patients with NF into high‐ and low‐mortality risk groups. The accuracy of the C4.5 decision tree with cross‐validation was 84.2 per cent (95 per cent confidence interval: 80.3–88.1 per cent).ConclusionUsing routine blood pressure measurements and simple laboratory tests of WBC count and differentials, clinicians can rapidly identify patients with high‐mortality risk.
Development of an enzyme‐linked immunoassay for the quantitation of influenza haemagglutinin: an alternative method to single radial immunodiffusion
Authors: Bodle Jesse , Verity Erin E. , Ong Chi , Vandenberg Kirsten , Shaw Robert , Barr Ian G. , Rockman Steven 
Published: May 2012

Please cite this paper as: Bodle et al. (2013) Development of an enzyme‐linked immunoassay for the quantitation of influenza haemagglutinin: an alternative method to single radial immunodiffusion. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 7(2) 191–200.Background  The current method used to measure haemagglutinin (HA) content for influenza vaccine formulation, single radial immunodiffusion (SRID), is lengthy and relies on the availability of matched standardised homologous reagents. The 2009 influenza pandemic highlighted the need to develop alternate assays that are able to rapidly quantitate HA antigen for vaccine formulation.Objectives  The aim of this work was to develop an enzyme‐linked immunoassay (EIA) for the rapid quantitation of H1, H3, H5 and B influenza HA antigens.Methods  Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) selected for haemagglutination inhibition (HAI) activity were conjugated with horseradish peroxidase and used to establish a capture–detection EIA for the quantitation of HA antigen. Results were compared with the appropriate reference SRID assays to investigate assay performance and utility.Results  Quantitation of HA antigen by EIA correlated well with current reference SRID assays. EIA results showed equivalent precision and exhibited a similar capacity to detect HA antigen in virus samples that had been used in either stability or splitting studies, or subjected to physical or chemical stresses. EIA exhibited greater sensitivity than SRID and has the potential to be used in high‐throughput applications.Conclusions  We demonstrated the utility of EIA as a suitable alternative to SRID for HA antigen quantitation and stability assessment. This approach would lead to earlier availability of both seasonal and pandemic vaccines, because of the extended cross‐reactivity of reagents.
Onwards and Upwards? Gender and Work in Ireland
Authors: O’Sullivan Sara 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIt can be argued that the Irish workforce has been revolutionised over the past 25 years, as married women entered the world of paid work in increasing numbers, bolstering the female participation rate. There have also been changes in gender roles and gender role attitudes over the period. This review will present sociological research analysing this major social change, including research that places the Irish case in a comparative European and international context. The review will mirror the main foci of the field, paying particular attention to research on gender role attitudes, occupational segregation and unpaid work. The gendering of the Irish workforce has been a complex and uneven process, involving continuities as well as changes. Overall, the sexual division of labour remains a key feature of paid and unpaid work in Ireland, and the concept has considerable explanatory power in relation to persistent gender inequalities.
A Sociological Overview of Cortisol as a Biomarker of Response to the Social Environment
Authors: Taylor Catherine J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCortisol is a stress hormone that is reactive to social stress and thus should be of use to sociologists interested in understanding specific processes related to the broad category of “threats to the social self”. In this paper I use cortisol as a case study to explore the utility of biomarkers for elucidating the relationship between the social environment and human biology. I focus on cortisol because it is a stress hormone that reacts in particular to social stress, and therefore could be of special interest to sociologists. I first discuss the relationship between the social environment and cortisol response. Then I briefly review sociological literature that uses cortisol as a measure. Finally, I provide an overview of how to use cortisol in research projects. This overview addresses some of the basic questions that are typically asked by social scientists who are considering taking cortisol measures in their own work.
Relationship between body mass index, fat distribution and cardiometabolic risk factors in Indian children and adolescents
Authors: Jahagirdar R. , Hemchand K. P. , Chiplonkar S. A. , Khadilkar V. V. , Khadilkar A. V. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryBackgroundStudies assessing the relationship of BMI and BF with cardiometabolic (CM) risks in Indian children are scarce.ObjectiveTo assess the occurrence of cardiometabolic risk factors in Indian children and adolescents in relation to BMI and body fat and to study their association with body fat distribution.Methods286 children and adolescents (mean age 11.2 ± 2.6 years, 139 boys) were recruited from routine health checks and schools. Anthropometry and blood pressure were recorded, total body fat (BF) and fat distribution (android and gynoid) were measured by Dual Energy X‐ray Absorptiometry. Fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile and insulin were also measured.ResultsWhen the study cohort was divided as per their BMI and biochemical cardiometabolic risk factors, 8% children had normal BMI with abnormal biochemical parameters while 40% children had abnormal BMI but normal biochemical parameters.ConclusionThere are normal weight children with cardiometabolic risks. There was an increase in the occurrence of cardiometabolic risk factors with increased android distribution of fat (p‐value < 0.05).
Some projective surfaces of GK-dimension 4
Authors: Rogalski D. , Sierra Susan J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe construct an interesting family of connected graded domains of Gel’fand–Kirillov dimension 4, and show that the general member of this family is noetherian. The algebras we construct are Koszul and have global dimension 4. They fail to be Artin–Schelter Gorenstein, however, showing that a theorem of Zhang and Stephenson for dimension 3 algebras does not extend to dimension 4. The Auslander–Buchsbaum formula also fails to hold for these algebras. The algebras we construct are birational to ℙ2, and their existence disproves a conjecture of the first author and Stafford. The algebras can be obtained as global sections of a certain quasicoherent graded sheaf on ℙ1×ℙ1, and our key technique is to work with this sheaf. In contrast to all previously known examples of birationally commutative graded domains, the graded pieces of the sheaf fail to be ample in the sense of Van den Bergh. Our results thus require significantly new techniques.
CM cycles on Shimura curves, and p-adic L-functions
Authors: Masdeu Marc 
Published: May 2012

AbstractLet f be a modular form of weight k≥2 and level N, let K be a quadratic imaginary field and assume that there is a prime p exactly dividing N. Under certain arithmetic conditions on the level N and the field K, one can attach to this data a p-adic L-function Lp (f,K,s) , as done by Bertolini–Darmon–Iovita–Spieß in [Teitelbaum’s exceptional zero conjecture in the anticyclotomic setting, Amer. J. Math. 124 (2002), 411–449]. In the case of p being inert in K, this analytic function of a p-adic variable s vanishes in the critical range s=1,…,k−1 , and one may be interested in the values of its derivative in this range. We construct, for k≥4 , a Chow motive endowed with a distinguished collection of algebraic cycles which encode these values, via the p-adic Abel–Jacobi map. Our main result generalizes the result obtained by Iovita and Spieß in [Derivatives of p-adic L-functions, Heegner cycles and monodromy modules attached to modular forms, Invent. Math. 154 (2003), 333–384], which gives a similar formula for the central value s=k/2 . Even in this case our construction is different from the one found by Iovita and Spieß.
Biomarkers of mitochondrial content in skeletal muscle of healthy young human subjects
Authors: Larsen Steen , Nielsen Joachim , Hansen Christina Neigaard , Nielsen Lars Bo , Wibrand Flemming , Stride Nis , Schroder Henrik Daa , Boushel Robert , Helge Jørn Wulff , Dela Flemming , Hey‐Mogensen Martin 
Published: May 2012

Key points
Several biochemical measures of mitochondrial components are used as biomarkers of mitochondrial content and muscle oxidative capacity. However, no studies have validated these surrogates against a morphological measure of mitochondrial content in human subjects.
The most commonly used markers (citrate synthase activity, cardiolipin content, mitochondrial DNA content (mtDNA), complex I–V protein, and complex I–IV activity) were correlated with a measure of mitochondrial content (transmission electron microscopy) and muscle oxidative capacity (respiration in permeabilized fibres).
Cardiolipin content followed by citrate synthase activity and complex I activity were the biomarkers showing the strongest association with mitochondrial content.
mtDNA was found to be a poor biomarker of mitochondrial content.
Complex IV activity was closely associated with mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity.
Abstract  Skeletal muscle mitochondrial content varies extensively between human subjects. Biochemical measures of mitochondrial proteins, enzyme activities and lipids are often used as markers of mitochondrial content and muscle oxidative capacity (OXPHOS). The purpose of this study was to determine how closely associated these commonly used biochemical measures are to muscle mitochondrial content and OXPHOS. Sixteen young healthy male subjects were recruited for this study. Subjects completed a graded exercise test to determine maximal oxygen uptake () and muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis. Mitochondrial content was determined using transmission electron microscopy imaging and OXPHOS was determined as the maximal coupled respiration in permeabilized fibres. Biomarkers of interest were citrate synthase (CS) activity, cardiolipin content, mitochondrial DNA content (mtDNA), complex I–V protein content, and complex I–IV activity. Spearman correlation coefficient tests and Lin's concordance tests were applied to assess the absolute and relative association between the markers and mitochondrial content or OXPHOS. Subjects had a large range of (range 29.9–71.6 ml min−1 kg−1) and mitochondrial content (4–15% of cell volume). Cardiolipin content showed the strongest association with mitochondrial content followed by CS and complex I activities. mtDNA was not related to mitochondrial content. Complex IV activity showed the strongest association with muscle oxidative capacity followed by complex II activity. We conclude that cardiolipin content, and CS and complex I activities are the biomarkers that exhibit the strongest association with mitochondrial content, while complex IV activity is strongly associated with OXPHOS capacity in human skeletal muscle.
Feature‐based multibody rigid registration of CT and ultrasound images of lumbar spine
Authors: Rasoulian Abtin , Abolmaesumi Purang , Mousavi Parvin 
Published: May 2012

Purpose:Fusion of intraprocedure ultrasound and preprocedure CT data is proposed for guidance in percutaneous spinal injections, a common procedure for pain management. CT scan of the lumbar spine is usually collected in a supine position, whereas spinal injections are performed in prone or sitting positions. This leads to a difference in the spine curvature between CT and ultrasound images; as such, a single‐body rigid registration approach cannot be used for the whole lumbar vertebrae.Methods:To compensate for the difference in the spinal curvature between the two imaging modalities, a multibody rigid registration algorithm is presented. The approach utilizes a point‐based registration technique based on the unscented Kalman filter (UKF), taking as input segmented vertebrae surfaces in both CT and ultrasound data. Ultrasound images are automatically segmented using a dynamic programming method, while the CT images are semiautomatically segmented using thresholding. The registration approach is designed to simultaneously align individual groups of points segmented from each vertebra in the two imaging modalities. A biomechanical model is developed to constrain the vertebrae transformation parameters during the registration and to ensure convergence.Results:The proposed methodology is evaluated on human spine phantoms and a sheep cadaver. Registrations on phantom data have a mean target registration error (TRE) of 1.99 mm in the region of interest and converged in 87% of cases. Registrations on sheep cadaver have a mean target registration error of 2.2 mm and converged in 82% of cases.Conclusions:The proposed technique can robustly and simultaneously register several vertebrae extracted from CT images to the ultrasound volumes. The registration error below 2.2 mm is sufficient for most spinal injections.
In Vitro
Activities of LTX-109, a Synthetic Antimicrobial Peptide, against Methicillin-Resistant, Vancomycin-Intermediate, Vancomycin-Resistant, Daptomycin-Nonsusceptible, and Linezolid-Nonsusceptible Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Saravolatz Louis D. , Pawlak Joan , Johnson Leonard , Bonilla Hector , Saravolatz Louis D. , Fakih Mohamad G. , Fugelli Anders , Olsen Wenche Marie 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

LTX-109 and eight other antimicrobial agents were evaluated against 155 methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) isolates, including strains resistant to vancomycin and strains with decreased susceptibility to daptomycin and linezolid, by microdilution tests to determine MICs. Time-kill assays were performed against representative MRSA, vancomycin-intermediate
S. aureus
(VISA), and vancomycin-resistant
S. aureus
(VRSA) isolates. LTX-109 demonstrated a MIC range of 2 to 4 μg/ml and dose-dependent rapid bactericidal activity against
S. aureus
. This activity was not influenced by resistance to other antistaphylococcal agents.
Plasma Concentrations of Posaconazole Administered via Nasogastric Tube in Patients in a Surgical Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Störzinger Dominic , Borghorst Stephan , Hofer Stefan , Busch Cornelius J. , Lichtenstern Christoph , Hempel Georg , Weigand Markus A. , Hoppe-Tichy Torsten 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
Abdominal surgery may affect intestinal absorption and the resulting levels of posaconazole in the blood. We measured plasma posaconazole levels in surgical intensive care unit (SICU) patients and tried to develop a predictive population pharmacokinetics model. A total of 270 samples from 15 patients receiving posaconazole via nasogastric tube were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). SICU patients showed lower plasma drug concentrations, a higher apparent clearance, and a higher volume of distribution than those in hematology patients, possibly due to poor absorption.
Behavioural and weight status outcomes from an exploratory trial of the Healthy Lifestyles Programme (HeLP): a novel school-based obesity prevention programme
Authors: Lloyd Jennifer J , Wyatt Katrina M , Creanor Siobhan 
Published: May 2012

ObjectivesTo assess the behavioural and weight status outcomes in English children in a feasibility study of a novel primary school-based obesity prevention programme.DesignExploratory cluster randomised controlled trial of the Healthy Lifestyles Programme.SettingFour city primary schools (two control and two intervention) in the South West of England.Participants202 children aged 9–10 years, of whom 193 and 188 were followed up at 18 and 24 months, respectively. No child was excluded from the study; however, to be eligible, schools were required to have at least one single Year 5 class.InterventionFour-phase multicomponent programme using a range of school-based activities including lessons, assemblies, parents' evenings, interactive drama workshops and goal setting to engage and support schools, children and their families in healthy lifestyle behaviours. It runs over the spring and summer term of Year 5 and the autumn term of Year 6.Primary and secondary outcomesWeight status outcomes were body mass index, waist circumference and body fat standard deviation scores (SDS) at 18 and 24 months, and behavioural outcomes were physical activity, television (TV) viewing/screen time and food intake at 18 months.ResultsAt 18 months of follow-up, intervention children consumed less energy-dense snacks and more healthy snacks; had less ‘negative food markers’, more ‘positive food markers’, lower mean TV/screen time and spent more time doing moderate-vigorous physical activity each day than those in the control schools. Intervention children had lower anthropometric measures at 18 and 24 months than control children, with larger differences at 24 months than at 18 months for nearly all measures.ConclusionsResults from this exploratory trial show consistent positive changes in favour of the intervention across all targeted behaviours, which, in turn, appear to affect weight status and body shape. A definitive trial is now justified.