bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applied Positive Psychology Therapy (APPT): Empowerment Instead of “curing”
Authors: Ronen T. 
Published: March 2009

The founders of Positive Psychology promoted the study of the "positive end" of human functioning such as happiness, strengths, virtues etc". One of the major findings of a decade of research on the positive side of human behavior, cognitions and emotions is that the positive aspects are qualitatively different from the negative aspects on a number of dimensions (e.g., negative emotions occur automatically whereas one has to be active in order to produce positive emotions). Hence, we propose a new approach to psychotherapy that is based on current conceptualization of positive psychology: Applied Positive Psychology Therapy (APPT). It is a meta theory for a therapeutic approach based n positive psychology principles. More specifically, APPT is based on the following assumptions:1.The long range goals of most human beings are to feel good and be psychologically satisfied.2.Failures to materialize these goals are not a function of deep seated pathologies but lack of skills or knowledge how to materialize these goals.3.The goal of therapy is not to cure clients from their pathologies (i.e., the "causes" of their anxieties, phobia, or aggression) but to train them in self-control skills and other skills that would enable them to achieve psychological well being in the most effective way and in harmony with their long range goals.In the present paper I will bring two examples how APPT is practiced with aggressive adolescents and marital difficulties. In both cases clients are told to define the most essential goals of their lives and how they can master their strengths and skills in order to regain their basic life goals. In contrast to the prevailing disease model of psychological problems, APPT is based on a psych-educational model.
Helping Adolescents with Social Phobia: A New Treatment Protocol to Empower them is Social Situations
Authors: Salvador M.C. , Pinto-Gouveia J. 
Published: March 2009

Contrasting with the invalidation social phobia with an early beginning may have, research on cognitive-behavioural conceptualization and treatment in children and adolescents with social phobia is scarce.In our presentation, we will propose a new treatment protocol for adolescents with social phobia, based on the most widely accepted conceptualization model of social phobia in adulthood - Clark & Wells, 1995 - taking into consideration idiosyncrasies in this age group, and also incorporating a positive and acceptant attitude towards themselves and their symptoms, and a curiosity attitude in the changing process. The aim is not only to overcome their social phobia but also to enable the adolescents with a positive view of themselves and of their strengths to empower them to overcome other difficulties and to promote their self-determination, in order to pursue their life-long projects and values.
Imparting Self Control Skills for Reducing Aggression among Adolescence
Authors: Ronen T. 
Published: March 2009

The lecture describes a school-based aggression reduction learning intervention. The intervention program aimed to impart children with learned resourcefulness repertoire for reducing aggressive behavior. Based on the self-control intervention model developed by Ronen and Rosenbaum (2001), and in light of positive psychology theory the intervention focused on increasing children's coping, teach them to work toward positive goals such as increasing social relationships, and help themselves change.447 ninth grade students participated in this study. 167 students participated in the intervention groups and 280 students from the same schools who received no intervention and served as a control group.The outcomes point to the efficacy of the model in reducing aggression. The rate of aggression in the intervention group decreased significantly in compare with their base-line grade and in compare with the control group. Also hostile thought and negative emotion did not change - the child could control those and not behave in an aggressive way. Analysis showed that the changed in reducing aggression results from the increase in self-control skills.
Pharmacotherapy of Borderline Personality Disorder: A Metaanalysis of Randomised Controlled Trials [PW01-02]
Authors: Stoffers J. , Völlm B. , Rücker G. , Timmer A. , Lieb K. 
Published: March 2009

Background:In Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), pharmacotherapy is used for the treatment of specific BPD pathology facets, such as cognitive-perceptual, affective, or impulsivity symptoms. Due to the polymorphic phenomenology of the disorder, different classes of drugs are used, e.g., antipsychotics, antidepressants, or mood stabilizers.Aims:To evaluate the up-to-date evidence of drug treatment efficacy for BPD.Method:A systematic review and metaanalysis of randomised controlled trials was done. All randomised comparisons of drug vs. placebo, drug vs. drug, or drug vs. a combination of drugs in adult BPD patients were eligible for inclusion. Outcomes comprised BPD core pathology as depicted by DSM criteria, associated pathology, i.e., depression and anxiety, general measures of overall psychopathology severity and mental health status, tolerability, and adverse effects. With support of the Cochrane Collaboration, a thorough search was conducted to identify both published and unpublished trials. The findings were scrutinized by two reviewers independently.Results:Twenty-six trials were included, investigating first- and second-generation antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, antidepressants, and omega-3 fatty acids.Conclusion:Findings indicate beneficial effects for all classes of drugs investigated, and suggest mood stabilizers and second-generation antipsychotic agents as first-line treatments for BPD due to their efficacy in the treatment of different domains of BPD and associated pathology. However, psychotherapeutic treatment should clearly be targeted at predefined specific symptoms.
Neurocognitive Basis of Impulsivity in Personality Disorders [PW01-03]
Authors: Mudholkar S. 
Published: March 2009

Aim:1.Whether patients with personality disorders of borderline and antisocial type have a specific pattern of neurocognitive deficits.2.Whether impulsivity measured with clinical rating scales is related with performance on neuropsychological tests of risk taking which is sensitive to ventrofrontal cortex lesions.Method:20 patients and their age, sex and IQ matched controls participated in the study. Each patient and control was administered validated clinical rating scales in order to:1.Ascertain the diagnosis with respect to DSM-IV criteria (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM: Personality Disorder.2.Obtain a measure of clinical impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness scale).3.Ascertain the presence of heritable personality traits (Dimensional Aspects Of Personality Pathology Disorder-Basic Questionnaire).4.Exclude other major psychiatric disorders (Clinical Psychopathology Rating Scale).They were administered National Adult Reading Test (NART) to estimate IQ.A battery of neuropsychological tests of memory and executive function specifically sensitive to frontal (dorsal or ventral) or temporal lobe damage were administered from Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Test battery (CANTAB).Results:On Neuropsychological testing patients fared poorly on tests sensitive to planning and risk taking compared to controls. Patients had high mean scores on Barratt impulsiveness scale. The high scores were associated with performance on Tower Of London, Bechara test and paired associated learning. Impulsivity was associated with anxiousness and rejection traits of DAPP-BQ. There was a co-relation between some basic dispositional traits of DAPP-BQ with performance on Bechara, Gambling and Paired Associated Learning tests.Conclusion:Personality disordered patients show broad range of neurocognitive deficits on test s sensitive to frontal cortex.
Homicide and Schizophrenia: A Review of 14 Cases from 210 Forensic Examinations of Murderers [PW01-05]
Authors: Richard-Devantoy S. , Bouyer-Richard A.-I. , Gigaux J. , Duflot J.-P. , Lhuillier J.-P. , Gohier B. , Garré J.-B. 
Published: March 2009

Aim:To establish the social, clinical and forensic differences between murderers with schizophrenia and murderers without any psychiatric disorder and to compare their respective relationship with their victim.Method:We identified the socio-demographic, clinical and criminological profiles of 14 murderers with schizophrenia from 210 forensic examinations of murderers, and compared their profiles with those of murderers without any mental disorder (n=73).Results:Murderers with schizophrenia are characterized by a specific socio-professional status (single, living alone and jobless). Previous psychiatric history was significantly more common in the schizophrenia group than in the group of persons without mental disorder, as it was the case as regards previous contact with the police.Schizophrenic murderers generally commit, alone, a non-premeditated murder. They usually strangle their victim in a sudden attack, whereas murderers without any pathology usually premeditate their crime. 86% of perpetrators with schizophrenia have been in a delirium at the time they committed murder, among four main themes: persecution, thought insertion, mysticism and megalomania.Victims of murderers with schizophrenia were family members in 21% of cases, acquaintances in 57% and a stranger in 14%. The victim was known to the perpetrator significantly more often in the schizophrenia group than in the no mental disorder group (86% versus 77%, p=0,002).Conclusion:The main difference between murderers with schizophrenia and murderers without any mental disorder is the psychopathology of the morbid process which underlies the homicide. The most schizophrenics’ homicide was more likely to be against intimates than strangers.
Challenges for Medical Models of Addiction [PW02-02]
Authors: Sullivan J. , Kincaid H. 
Published: March 2009

It is standard in current neurobiological research on addiction to describe addiction as a chronic disease. Working from this perspective, much effort has gone into characterizing the symptomology of addiction and the brain changes that underlie them. Evidence for involvement of dopamine transmission changes in the ventral tagament area and nucleus accumbens have received the greatest attention. Kaur and Malenka (2007) put it well: “drugs of abuse can co-opt synaptic plasticity mechanisms in brain circuits involved in reinforcement and reward processing”.Our goal in this paper is to provide an explicit description of the assumptions of medical models, the different forms they may take, and the challenges they face in providing explanations of addiction with solid evidence. We first spell out the requirements of disease models and use them to point out ambiguities in the claims of those who defend medical models. After that, we ask to what extent DSM categorization is suitable to medical models and what aspects of the life course of addiction medical models are supposed to explain. In the third section, we note that a primary aim of the neurobiology of addiction is to localize the causes of addiction to cellular and molecular pathways in the brain's reward system. We investigate how well current neurobiological approaches approximate towards such a unified causal account of addiction, and what challenges current approaches still face. We finish with a survey of some of the important social processes in addiction and the challenges they raise for medical models.
Are there Differences between Primary Psicosis and Substance-induced Psicosis? [PW02-03]
Authors: Digon L. Diaz , Sanvisens D. Martinez , Fernandez L. Morro , Codina G. Mateu , Torres A. Merino , Melich M. Torrens 
Published: March 2009

Introduction:Substance-induced psychoses (SIP) are associated with greater conjugal ties, greater substance dependence, homelessness, parental substance abuse, poorer family support and visual hallucinations, while primary psychotic disorders (PP) have greater symptom severity.Objective:To describe differential characteristics between PP and SIP in a dual diagnosis unit.Method:We collected sociodemographic, employment data, admission reasons, family substance abuse and main drug of abuse.Results:•23 patients were admitted with psychosis (87% males; mean age 35,6±10,1). Two groups were performed: PP (N=12) and SIP (N=11).•Mean length of admission was 17,78±13,17 days. Most prevalent co-occurrent diagnoses were psychotic disorders-cocaine use disorders (43,5%).•The only significant difference between PP and SIP was shorter length of admission in SIP (days: mean [s.d]) (26,6±14,9 vs. 13,8±7,5; p< 0.05). Other variables studied were: (1) main reasons for admission: hallucinations/delusions (33,3% vs. 90,9%), suicide ideation (33,3% vs. 0%); (2) main drug of abuse: cocaine (50% vs. 45,5%), alcohol (33,3% vs. 0%), psychoestimulants (0% vs. 27,3%), cannabis (8,3% vs. 18,2%); (3) marital status: married/cohabiting (25% vs. 36,4%), divorced (16,7% vs. 0%), single (58,3% vs. 63,6%); (4) employment: employed (33,3% vs. 50%) and unemployed (66,7% vs. 50%); (5) age, years: mean (s.d): 37,8 (10,6) vs 33,2 (9,5); (6) parental substance abuse (65,7% vs. 83,3%).Conclusions:•No significant differences were found between both groups (PP vs. SIP) except for shorter length of admission in SIP.•The most frequent co-ocurrent diagnosis was psychotic disorder+cocaine use disorder.
How “DUP” and “EE” Predict the Dynamic OD Syndromes in the Long - Termcourse of Schizophrenia? [PW03-02]
Authors: Cechnicki A. , Polczyk R. , Bielańska A. 
Published: March 2009

Objective:The study in Krakow investigated the way in which EE and DUP correlated with long term outcomes of the treatment and the course of illness.Subjects and methods:58 out of 80 DSM III schizophrenia diagnosed patients took part in 1, 3, 7 and 12 follow-up. The Follow-Up Chart, BPRS, and CFI were used. As the outcome criteria only dynamic of symptoms were included. The dynamic of the symptoms and the relation between DUP and EE were analyzed by repeated measures of ANOVA.Results:1.General, positive and negative syndromes decreased rapidly after the first hospitalization, and increased slightly between 7 and 12 yrs. (ps < 0.001). The negative syndrome decreased less rapidly during the first year.2.The dynamic of general and positive syndrome were modified by the DUP and by EE. In long DUP (general syndrome: p = 0.028; positive syndrome: p = 0.001) the dynamic was worse. High EE subjects had more severe syndromes at the admission. After the first hospitalization their results became as good as in the case of low EE (general syndrome: p = 0.004; positive syndrome: p = 0.044).3.The dynamic of negative syndrome was neither modified by DUP (p = 0.896) or by EE (p = 0.309).Conclusion:The dynamic of general and positive syndromes were modified by DUP during 12 years follow-up and by EE only in acute state in the first episode. The dynamic of negative syndrome was not modified by DUP and EE.
Antipsychotics Efficacy in Treatment of Schizophrenia Negative Symptoms: Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials [PW03-03]
Authors: Darbá J. , Minoves A. , Rojo E. , Jiménez F. , Rejas J. 
Published: March 2009

Purpose:To examine the efficacy of second-generation-antipsychotics (SGAs) in the treatment of negative symptoms in Schizophrenia.Methods:Two meta-analyses were carried out using placebo or haloperidol as comparators. Studies were identified by searching for randomized, double-blind, placebo and/or haloperidol -controlled trials reporting data on efficacy of SGAs. Search was extended to the following databases: Pubmed, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Proquest Health and Medical Complete, Science Citation Index Expanded, and Current Contents Connect. The outcome measure used was the change in negative symptoms, choosing a standardized statistic (Cohen's d) to synthesize data.Results:A total of 46 homogeneous trials (Q=45.18, df=50, p=0.667, I2=0%) were included. In the placebo-controlled meta-analysis, the effect sizes (Cohen's d) obtained for amisulpride, haloperidol, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone and ziprasidone were 0.52, 0.34, 0.43, 0.36, 0.40 and 0.46, respectively, favoring active treatment against placebo (p< 0.001 in all cases). Comparing SGAs against haloperidol, showed just a statistically significant trend favoring SGA's in treatment of negative symptoms (Cohen's d = 0.15, p=0.008). Comparisons by drug showed a significant low and low-to-moderate standardized mean favoring SGA: Cohen's d = 0.34, p< 0.001; Cohen's d = 0.27, p< 0.001 and Cohen's d = 0.19, p=0.030, respectively for ziprasidone, risperidone and olanzapine.Conclusion:Most antipsychotics (aminosulpride, haloperidol, olanzapine. quetiapine, risperidone, ziprasidone) are effective in treatment of negative symptoms, showing moderate effect sizes. Amisulpride and ziprasidone were slightly better than the rest of drugs when compared with placebo. Compared with haloperidol, SGA showed controversial results.
Volumetric Changes in PTSD and in a Subgroup of PTSD Patients not Responding to EMDR Psychotherapy [PW04-01]
Authors: Pagani M. , Nardo D. , Flumeri F. , Salmaso D. , Looi J. , Sanchez-Crespo A. , Larsson S.A. , Sundin Ö. , Högberg G. , Bejerot S. 
Published: March 2009

Background:Several studies have reported limbic structures volume decrease in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). However, in PTSD the effect of therapy on brain structures has seldom been investigated. The aim of the study was to evaluate the grey matter (GM) loss in occupational related PTSD and to assess the volumetric differences between patients responding (R) and non-responding (NR) to psychotherapy.Methods:Pre-EMDR MRI data of 21 train drives who did develop PTSD (S) and 22 who did not develop PTSD (NS) after person-under-the-train accidents were compared. Within S further comparisons were made between 10 R to Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy and 5 NR. Data were analysed by optimised voxel-based morphometry as implemented in Statistical Parametric Mapping.Results:As compared to NS, S showed a significant GM volume reduction in precuneus, lingual gyrus, posterior cingulate and parahippocampal cortex. The R>NR comparison highlighted a significant GM reduction in NR in bilateral posterior cingulate, left middle frontal cortex and right parahippocampal, insular and temporal cortices.Conclusions:Comparing two large groups of subjects significant GM volumetric reductions were found in PTSD in posterior limbic structures. NR showed, as compared to R, volume reduction in cortical structures including posterior cingulate and parahippocampal cortex. These latter two structures seem to be the hallmark for both PTSD diagnosis and therapy outcome prediction.
Description of the Elderly Psychiatric Admissions in Recent Years [PW04-03]
Authors: Rico-Villademoros P. , Touzon R. , Garnica E. 
Published: March 2009

Aims:To analyze the characteristics of the admissions of elderly patients in an acute psychiatric unit in recent years, to see if there have been any changes in the number, the average stay or in their referral from the hospital.Method:Details of all admissions in a psychiatric unit for acute patients aged over 65 since 1999 are collected by means of a computer system. The number of admissions, the average length of stay and where they go when discharged are taken into account.Results:In recent years the number of patients over 65 entering our unit has remained relatively stable. The average stay time remains high over all the studied years. It is proved that a large number of patients need to be moved to residences or other assistive devices when discharged.Conclusions:Despite the increase in elderly population, the number of patients over 65 who enter this unit has not significantly increased. Their average stay remains always high over the years. It is striking the number of patients who can no longer go home when discharged, once they have been admitted.
Psychodrama and Neurosciences [PW04-04]
Authors: Fonseca E. 
Published: March 2009

In this work I try to combine Goldberg's findings in “The Executive Brain” about the biological and changing Ego accoording to the Body Image.Antonio Damasio's Subjectivity (“Descartes' Error”) that does not need spoken languaje, and the so called Kandel Principles.Kandel, in his Proyect of the Human Brain, on the long run structural changes of the plastic neurons (Psicones), that appear as a result of treatments with psychochemicals as well as in Psychodramatic Learning with psychodrama's characteristics, that is a method that utilizes The Body.I would like to explain how Psychodrama can be an integrant Psychotherapy that will bring a Human meaning to advances in neurosciences.
Predictors of Mania in a Sample of Patients Treated with Antidepressants (Preliminary Results) [PW05-01]
Authors: Amedei S. Gorini 
Published: March 2009

Aims:From 35% to 60% of cases the initial presentation of illness in bipolar disorder is different from mania or hypomania. So far the studies that have investigated predictors of (hypo)mania have been concentrated on samples suffering from depression. On one hand is well known that antidepressant drugs are commonly prescribed in a broad spectrum of disorders other than depression. On the other hand there are strong connections within bipolar disorder and anxiety disorders that have been reported to be a possible clinical onset of a subsequent bipolar disorder.In all these cases patients are likely to be treated with antidepressants drugs, the effects of which has been associated with a worsened course of bipolar illness, from switching to mania to a rapid cycling course. This is the reason that led to perform a research on predictors of bipolar evolution on an antidepressant treated sample of outpatients irrespective of the diagnosis.This study examines clinical features at the first presentation of the illness that can be considered predictive of the subsequent bipolar course of illness.Method:A sample of outpatients treated for the first time in their life with antidepressant drugs has been prospectively evaluated in order to assess the clinical features associated with the later onset of bipolar disorder.
Spanish Consensus on Physical Health in Patients with Bipolar Disorder [PW05-04]
Authors: Saiz-Ruiz J. , Bobes J. , Vieta E. , Mostaza J. 
Published: March 2009

Background and objective:Bipolar disorder is a serious mental illness which may affect between 2% and 5% of the population. These patients present much higher morbidity and mortality rates than the general population. In addition to a higher mortality rate from suicide, they also have a higher prevalence of other physical disorders.The purpose of this consensus is to establish recommendations for diagnostic procedures and clinical interventions in order to control the risk factors which have repercussions on the physical health of the patients.Methods:After carrying out a systematic review of medical co-morbidity and mortality rates in bipolar disorder, two multidisciplinary consensus meetings were held in which 31 psychiatrists and 11 experts from other medical specialities participated.Working groups were formed for each speciality for the purposes of adapting the guidelines applied in the general population to these patients.Results:The bibliographical review revealed an increased risk of hypertension, obesity, smoking, pulmonary diseases, migraine and HIV infection. There is evidence of higher mortality rates from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and infections, as well as from suicide. The expert group reached consensus on a series of basic measures for detecting medical co-morbidity. The resulting recommendations will be validated by Spanish Psychiatry and General Medicine Associations.Conclusion:The physical health of patients with bipolar disorder could be improved. It is hoped that the publication of this consensus will have an impact in terms of better psychosocial functioning, quality of life and life expectancy for these patients in Spain.