bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time trends and regional variations in prices of anticancer medicines in China
Authors: Zhang Jinwei , Hu Shuchen , Liu Xingyu , Liu Xiaoyong , Zhang Jieqiong , Yang Caijun , Fang Yu 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionHigh prices, as a main factor, contributed to the lack of adequate access to essential anticancer medicines, especially for patients in developing countries. The Chinese Government has introduced a series of policies to control the prices of medicines during the last decade, but the effect on anticancer medicine is not yet clear.MethodsTo evaluate the time trends and regional variation in the price of essential anticancer medicines in China, we used the procurement data of anticancer medicines from 2015 to 2022. We selected 29 anticancer medicines from the 2018 Chinese National Essential Medicines List. To measure the cost of a medicine, we used defined daily dose cost -the cost per defined daily doses. At national level, we focused on the price changes over time and compared the price between medicine categories. At provincial level, we assessed price variation among provinces over time.ResultsFor prices at the national level, all 6 targeted medicines exhibited a continuous decrease trend in price. Out of 23 non-targeted medicines, 4 (17·39%) experienced continuous increases in prices, and 9 (39·13%) showed price decreases from 2015 to 2019 and then an upward trend during 2019–2022; Of the remaining non-targeted medicines, 7 (30·43%) had continuous price decreases and 3 (13.04%) had price increases followed by decreases. For prices at the provincial level, provincial price variation became smaller for almost all targeted medicines, except rituximab; for 11 out of 23 non-targeted medicines, provincial price variations became larger. During the study period, the proportion of price-increased medicines in each province was geographically correlated, and no significant relationship between prices and GDP per capita was observed for both targeted and non-targeted anticancer medicines.ConclusionThe prices and regional disparity of most targeted anticancer medicines were decreasing, while for nearly half of the non-targeted anticancer medicines, the prices were increasing and the regional disparity became wider, which may lead to compromised access to these essential anticancer medicines and raise inequity health outcome among regions.
Hyperparameter tuning using Lévy flight and interactive crossover-based reptile search algorithm for eye movement event classification
Authors: Pradeep V. , Jayachandra Ananda Babu , Askar S. S. , Abouhawwash Mohamed 
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Eye movement is one of the cues used in human–machine interface technologies for predicting the intention of users. The developing application in eye movement event detection is the creation of assistive technologies for paralyzed patients. However, developing an effective classifier is one of the main issues in eye movement event detection.Methods: In this paper, bidirectional long short-term memory (BILSTM) is proposed along with hyperparameter tuning for achieving effective eye movement event classification. The Lévy flight and interactive crossover-based reptile search algorithm (LICRSA) is used for optimizing the hyperparameters of BILSTM. The issues related to overfitting are avoided by using fuzzy data augmentation (FDA), and a deep neural network, namely, VGG-19, is used for extracting features from eye movements. Therefore, the optimization of hyperparameters using LICRSA enhances the classification of eye movement events using BILSTM.Results and Discussion: The proposed BILSTM–LICRSA is evaluated by using accuracy, precision, sensitivity, F1-score, area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve measure, and area under the precision–recall curve (AUPRC) measure for four datasets, namely, Lund2013, collected dataset, GazeBaseR, and UTMultiView. The gazeNet, human manual classification (HMC), and multi-source information-embedded approach (MSIEA) are used for comparison with the BILSTM–LICRSA. The F1-score of BILSTM–LICRSA for the GazeBaseR dataset is 98.99%, which is higher than that of the MSIEA.
Research on autonomous navigation system of greenhouse electric crawler tractor based on LiDAR
Authors: Guo Huiping , Li Yi , Wang Hao , Wang Tingwei , Rong Linrui , Wang Haoyu , Wang Zihao , Wang Chensi , Zhang Jiao , Huo Yaobin , Guo Shaomeng 
Published: May 2024

The application of autonomous navigation technology of electric crawler tractors is an important link in the development of intelligent greenhouses. Aiming at the characteristics of enclosed and narrow space and uneven ground potholes in greenhouse planting, to improve the intelligence level of greenhouse electric crawler tractors, this paper develops a navigation system of electric crawler tractors for the greenhouse planting environment based on LiDAR technology. The navigation hardware system consists of five modules: the information perception module, the control module, the communication module, the motion module, and the power module. The software system is composed of three layers: the application layer, the data processing layer, and the execution layer. The developed navigation system uses LiDAR, Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and wheel speed sensor to sense the greenhouse environment and the crawler tractor’s information, employs the Gmapping algorithm to build the greenhouse environment map, and utilizes the adaptive Monte Carlo positioning algorithm for positioning. The simulation test of different global path planning algorithms in Matlab shows that the A* algorithm obtains the optimal overall global path. In the scene of map 5, the path planned by the A* algorithm is the most significant, and the number of inflection points is reduced by 40.00% and 87.50%, respectively; meanwhile, the path length is the same as that of the Dijkstra algorithm, but the runtime is reduced by 68.87% and 81.49%, respectively; compared with the RRT algorithm, the path length is reduced by 7.27%. Therefore, the A* algorithm and the Dynamic Window Approach (DWA) method are used for tractor navigation and obstacle avoidance, which ensures global path optimality while also achieving effective local path planning for obstacle avoidance. The test results suggest that the maximum lateral deviation of the built map is 6 cm, and the maximum longitudinal deviation is 16 cm, which meets the requirement of map accuracy. Additionally, the results of the navigation accuracy test indicate that the maximum lateral deviation of navigation is less than 13 cm, the average lateral deviation is less than 7 cm, and the standard lateral deviation is less than 8 cm. The maximum heading deviation is less than 14°, the average heading deviation is less than 7°, and the standard deviation is less than 8°. These results show that the developed navigation system meets the navigation accuracy requirements of electric crawler tractors in the greenhouse environment.
Potential impact of relational job design on future intentions of episodic volunteers in major sport events
Authors: Su Jingxuan , Li Haifeng , Ma Hongyu 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionBased on Social Identity Theory, this study hypothesized the parallel mediating roles of organizational commitment, and commitment to beneficiaries, in the relationship between relational job design and future volunteer intentions among episodic volunteers at a mega sport event. Perceived organizational support was tested as a moderator of this relationship.MethodsParticipants were 617 episodic volunteers (35.7% male and 64.3% female) at the 7th CISM Military World Games in Wuhan, China, who completed online questionnaires.ResultsRegression-based analyses indicated that relational job design positively predicted future volunteer intentions through organizational commitment. Although the results did not indicate a mediating role of commitment to beneficiaries, relational job design was still shown to positively predict commitment to beneficiaries. Furthermore, the association between relational job design and commitment to beneficiaries was moderated by perceived organizational support, such the effect was stronger when perceived organizational support was high.DiscussionThe results have practical implications for strengthening episodic volunteers’ intentions to participate in future mega sport events, creating a legacy of volunteerism.
Depression proteomic profiling in adolescents with transcriptome analyses in independent cohorts
Authors: Sokolov Aleksandr V. , Lafta Muataz S. , Nordberg Didi O. T. , Jonsson Jörgen , Schiöth Helgi B. 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionDepression is a major global burden with unclear pathophysiology and poor treatment outcomes. Diagnosis of depression continues to rely primarily on behavioral rather than biological methods. Investigating tools that might aid in diagnosing and treating early-onset depression is essential for improving the prognosis of the disease course. While there is increasing evidence of possible biomarkers in adult depression, studies investigating this subject in adolescents are lacking.MethodsIn the current study, we analyzed protein levels in 461 adolescents assessed for depression using the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) questionnaire as part of the domestic Psychiatric Health in Adolescent Study conducted in Uppsala, Sweden. We used the Proseek Multiplex Neuro Exploratory panel with Proximity Extension Assay technology provided by Olink Bioscience, followed by transcriptome analyses for the genes corresponding to the significant proteins, using four publicly available cohorts.ResultsWe identified a total of seven proteins showing different levels between DAWBA risk groups at nominal significance, including RBKS, CRADD, ASGR1, HMOX2, PPP3R1, CD63, and PMVK. Transcriptomic analyses for these genes showed nominally significant replication of PPP3R1 in two of four cohorts including whole blood and prefrontal cortex, while ASGR1 and CD63 were replicated in only one cohort.DiscussionOur study on adolescent depression revealed protein-level and transcriptomic differences, particularly in PPP3R1, pointing to the involvement of the calcineurin pathway in depression. Our findings regarding PPP3R1 also support the role of the prefrontal cortex in depression and reinforce the significance of investigating prefrontal cortex-related mechanisms in depression.
Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on brain activity and cortical functional connectivity in children with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Kang Jiannan , Li Yuqi , Lv Shuaikang , Hao Pengfei , Li Xiaoli 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has emerged as a therapeutic option to mitigate symptoms in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Our study investigated the effects of a two-week regimen of tDCS targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in children with ASD, examining changes in rhythmic brain activity and alterations in functional connectivity within key neural networks: the default mode network (DMN), sensorimotor network (SMN), and dorsal attention network (DAN).MethodsWe enrolled twenty-six children with ASD and assigned them randomly to either an active stimulation group (n=13) or a sham stimulation group (n=13). The active group received tDCS at an intensity of 1mA to the left DLPFC for a combined duration of 10 days. Differences in electrical brain activity were pinpointed using standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA), while functional connectivity was assessed via lagged phase synchronization.ResultsCompared to the typically developing children, children with ASD exhibited lower current source density across all frequency bands. Post-treatment, the active stimulation group demonstrated a significant increase in both current source density and resting state network connectivity. Such changes were not observed in the sham stimulation group.ConclusiontDCS targeting the DLPFC may bolster brain functional connectivity in patients with ASD, offering a substantive groundwork for potential clinical applications.
Investigating the role of the built environment, socio-economic status, and lifestyle factors in the prevalence of chronic diseases in Mashhad: PLS-SEM model
Authors: Irankhah Kiyavash , Asadimehr Soheil , Kiani Behzad , Jamali Jamshid , Rezvani Reza , Sobhani Seyyed Reza 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundChronic diseases remain a significant contributor to both mortality and disability in our modern world. Physical inactivity and an unhealthy diet are recognized as significant behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases, which can be influenced by the built environment and socio-economic status (SES). This study aims to investigate the relationship between the built environment, SES, and lifestyle factors with chronic diseases.MethodsThe current study was conducted in Mashhad’s Persian cohort, which included employees from Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS). In the study, 5,357 participants from the cohort were included. To assess the state of the built environment in Mashhad, a Geographic Information System (GIS) map was created for the city and participants in the Persian Mashhad study. Food intake and physical exercise were used to assess lifestyle. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess food intake. To assess food intake, the diet quality index was computed. To assess the link between variables, the structural model was created in accordance with the study’s objectives, and partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was utilized.ResultsThe chronic diseases were positively associated with male sex (p &lt; 0.001), married (p &lt; 0.001), and higher age (p &lt; 0.001). The chronic diseases were negatively associated with larger family size (p &lt; 0.05), higher SES (p &lt; 0.001), and higher diet quality index (DQI) (p &lt; 0.001). No significant relationship was found between chronic disease and physical activity.ConclusionFood intake and socioeconomic status have a direct impact on the prevalence of chronic diseases. It seems that in order to reduce the prevalence of chronic diseases, increasing economic access, reducing the class gap and increasing literacy and awareness should be emphasized, and in the next step, emphasis should be placed on the built environment.
Can countries shape the association between cumulative adversity and old-age health?
Authors: Levinsky Michal 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionThe present study examined the relationships of Lifetime Cumulative Adversity (LCA) and country inequalities, as well as the interactions between them, with the self-rated health (SRH) in old age.MethodsUsing data from the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), the study regressed self-rated health on Lifetime Cumulative Adversity and country-level inequality indices across European countries in two points in time. The analysis also considered adversity–inequality interactions, controlling for confounders. The sample was comprised of 28,789 adults, aged 50 to 80, from 25 European countries and Israel.ResultsThe findings pointed out that LCA is negatively associated with SRH, but democracy and welfare regimes modify the ill effects of LCA on health. These effects are reduced as the LCA level increases. The effects remained significant over two measurement time-points over three years, showing that life-course trajectories may be shaped by individual accumulated risk exposure to stress, along with inequalities at the society level.DiscussionThe study provides constructive and important guidance for decreasing the harmful effect of lifetime adversity in old age, by the modification of the country’s welfare policies.
Australians’ willingness to change their discretionary food intake: findings from the CSIRO junk food analyser
Authors: Mauch Chelsea E. , Brindal Emily , Hendrie Gilly A. 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionOverconsumption of energy dense, nutrient poor foods and beverages is a major problem globally. This study describes what and how Australian adults consume and are willing to change their intake in terms of discretionary food and beverage categories.MethodsCross-sectional data were collected via the CSIRO Junk Food Analyser. This online tool contains short questions on discretionary food and beverage consumption, and items relating to stage of and willingness and strategies to reduce discretionary food and beverage intake. Analyses focussed on describing discretionary intake, adherence to guidelines and the prediction of willingness to change discretionary food intake amongst those exceeding guidelines.ResultsIn 2021, 41,109 Australian adults completed the CSIRO Junk Food Analyser. Participants were mostly female (73.1%) and aged 31–70 years (78.9%). Most participants exceeded dietary guidelines for discretionary food and beverage intake (67.4%, 27,694/41,109) with 40% reporting actively trying to reduce intake. Most people exceeding guidelines did so in categories of alcohol (39.3%) and cakes and biscuits (21.0%). Yet, willingness to change intake was lowest for alcohol (median, IQR of 3, 2:4 out of 5). Almost half of the participants were willing to try ‘having a few days off per week’ (46.0%), while only 13.4% were willing to try to ‘eliminate’ their highest ranked category.DiscussionAustralian adults are willing to reduce their discretionary food and beverage intake, but simply targeting the foods and beverages consumed most may not be the best place to start. Messages encouraging days off frequently consumed discretionary foods and beverages may be well received.
Insight into sleep quality and its relationship with emotional intelligence: results of a cross-sectional study among Italian university students
Authors: Licata Francesca , Maruca Riccardo , Citrino Emma Antonia , Bianco Aida 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate sleep habits and examine the relationship between sleep quality and its potential predictors, namely Emotional Intelligence (EI) and perceived health status.MethodsThe present cross-sectional study was conducted between February 13 and February 28, 2023, at the “Magna Græcia” University of Catanzaro, in the Southern part of Italy. The study involved undergraduate students who were 18 years or older, proficient in the Italian language, and with no restrictions on the major attended. They completed a self-administered survey on socio-demographic information, health status, sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index-PSQI), EI, and perceived health status.ResultsThe majority of the sample (59.6%) was enrolled in medical or life science majors. The results showed a high prevalence of poor sleep quality and sleep latency was identified as the most affected aspect of it. The female gender and the self-perceived health status were the strongest predictors of poor sleep quality. Poor sleepers showed lower emotional clarity, emotional repair, and total EI scores. Moreover, as age increased, the odds of being classified as a poor sleeper increased by 7%.ConclusionThe survey highlights that poor sleep health is still a significant issue and empowering individuals to make proactive decisions to adopt healthy lifestyles in the early phase of life is of paramount importance. The study exhibited the interesting role of EI in influencing sleep quality, highlighting that when emotional events are insufficiently regulated, it may result in sleep disturbances. Therefore, the promotion of sleep quality requires an integrated yet innovative approach including emotion regulation.
Multilevel analysis of early initiation of breastfeeding in Ethiopia
Authors: Hussen Nuru Mohammed , Kassa Tigabu Hailu , Habtie Getnet Mamo 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionBreast milk is the ideal food for the infant and is associated with various public health benefits for both the infant and the mother. The recommended time for early initiation of breastfeeding is within one hour after birth. The prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding was lower than the plan of the Ethiopian Ministry of Health Sector Development program. Thus, the main objective of this study was to identify individual and group-level factors associated with the early initiation of breastfeeding in Ethiopia.MethodsSecondary data on children was obtained from the 2019 Ethiopia mini-demographic and health survey. The survey was a population-based cross-sectional study and was downloaded from the Measure Demographic and Health Survey website (http://www.measuredhs.com). The study included a random sample of 2,125 last-born infants who were born within 24 months before the survey. A multilevel binary logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the factors associated with the early initiation of breastfeeding in Ethiopia. Statistical data was analyzed using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS 9.4).ResultsThe prevalence of early breastfeeding initiation was 72%. The higher preceding birth interval (AOR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.1076, 1.5451), the higher gestational age of infants (AOR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.2796, 1.4782), the higher number of antenatal care visits (AOR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.2340, 1.2934), delivery at a health facility (AOR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.4585, 1.7515), vaginal delivery (AOR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.1019, 1.1123), mothers with primary education (AOR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.0204, 1.2738), mothers with secondary education (AOR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.4678, 1.6190), and mothers with higher education (AOR = 2.62, 95% CI: 2.2574, 3.0526) were associated with higher odds of early initiation of breastfeeding. Being a rural dweller (AOR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.5684, 0.7038) and the age of mothers (AOR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.3921, 0.4894) were associated with lower odds of early initiation of breastfeeding.ConclusionSince the prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding was minimal among rural mothers who delivered their child by caesarean section, this study strongly suggests special supportive care for these mothers.