bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the effects of dietary supplementation with fish oil omega-3 fatty acids on weight bearing in dogs with osteoarthritis
Authors: Roush James K. , Cross Alan R. , Renberg Walter C. , Dodd Chadwick E. , Sixby Kristin A. , Fritsch Dale A. , Allen Timothy A. , Jewell Dennis E. , Richardson Daniel C. , Leventhal Phillip S. , Hahn Kevin A. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the effects of a food supplemented with fish oil omega-3 fatty acids on weight bearing in dogs with osteoarthritis.
Design—Randomized, double-blinded, controlled clinical trial.
Animals—38 client-owned dogs with osteoarthritis examined at 2 university veterinary clinics.
Procedures—Dogs were randomly assigned to receive a typical commercial food (n = 16) or a test food (22) containing 3.5% fish oil omega-3 fatty acids. On day 0 (before the trial began) and days 45 and 90 after the trial began, investigators conducted orthopedic evaluations and force-plate analyses of the most severely affected limb of each dog, and owners completed questionnaires to characterize their dogs' arthritis signs.
Results—The change in mean peak vertical force between days 90 and 0 was significant for the test-food group (5.6%) but not for the control-food group (0.4%). Improvement in peak vertical force values was evident in 82% of the dogs in the test-food group, compared with 38% of the dogs in the control-food group. In addition, according to investigators' subjective evaluations, dogs fed the test food had significant improvements in lameness and weight bearing on day 90, compared with measurements obtained on day 0.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—At least in the short term, dietary supplementation with fish oil omega-3 fatty acids resulted in an improvement in weight bearing in dogs with osteoarthritis.
Evaluation of calorie density and feeding directions for commercially available diets designed for weight loss in dogs and cats
Authors: Linder Deborah E. , Freeman Lisa M. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Objective—To determine range of calorie density and feeding directions for commercially available diets designed for weight management in dogs and cats.
Design—Cross-sectional study.
Sample Population—93 diets (44 canine diets and 49 feline diets) that had a weight management claim with feeding directions for weight loss or implied weight management claims.
Procedures—Calorie density was collected from product labels or by contacting manufacturers. Recommended feeding directions for weight loss were compared with resting energy requirement (RER) for current body weight by use of a standard body weight (36.4 kg [80 lb] for canine diets and 5.5 kg [12 lb] for feline diets).
Results—Calorie density for the 44 canine diets ranged from 217 to 440 kcal/cup (median, 301 kcal/cup) and from 189 to 398 kcal/can (median, 310 kcal/can) for dry and canned diets, respectively. Calorie density for the 49 feline diets ranged from 235 to 480 kcal/cup (median, 342 kcal/cup) and from 78 to 172 kcal/can (median, 146 kcal/can) for dry and canned diets, respectively. Recommended calorie intake for weight loss in dogs ranged from 0.73 to 1.47 × RER (median, 1.00 × RER) and for weight loss in cats ranged from 0.67 to 1.55 × RER (median, 1.00 × RER). Diets ranged from $0.04 to $1.11/100 kcal of diet (median, $0.15/100 kcal of diet).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Wide variation existed in recommended calorie intake, kilocalories, and cost for diets marketed for weight loss in pets. This variability could contribute to challenges of achieving successful weight loss in pets.
Evaluation of the diagnostic value of an implantable loop recorder in dogs with unexplained syncope
Authors: Santilli Roberto A. , Ferasin Luca , Voghera Simona G. , Perego Manuela 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the diagnostic value of an implantable loop recorder (ILR) in dogs with unexplained syncope.
Design—Prospective case series.
Animals—12 dogs with recurrent unexplained syncope.
Procedures—An ILR was surgically inserted in a pocket created in the subcutaneous tissues of the left hemithorax of each dog. The ILRs were programmed for manual and automatic activation, and event analysis and programming were performed at 3-month intervals and after each syncopal episode.
Results—The ILR was manually activated in 7 of 12 dogs at least once within 45 to 218 days (median, 120 days) after implantation. Four dogs had syncopal episodes associated with sinus tachycardia followed by sinus bradycardia and asystolic pauses. Two dogs had ventricular tachycardia, and 1 dog had sinus node dysfunction with prolonged sinus arrest that coincided with loss of consciousness and falling. Four dogs had no additional syncopal episodes after implantation of the ILR. In the remaining dog, the owner was unable to activate the ILR during the only syncopal episode observed for that dog after ILR implantation. In all 12 dogs, analysis of ECG traces after automatic activation of recording revealed normal cardiac rhythms.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Data gained after manual activation of an ILR provided valuable diagnostic and prognostic information in almost all dogs with unexplained syncopal episodes by confirming or disproving an association between syncope and arrhythmias. However, detection of disturbances in cardiac rhythm after automatic activation did not appear to improve the diagnostic value for an ILR implanted in dogs.
Association between outcome and organ system dysfunction in dogs with sepsis: 114 cases (2003–2007)
Authors: Kenney Eileen M. , Rozanski Elizabeth A. , Rush John E. , deLaforcade-Buress Armelle M. , Berg John R. , Silverstein Deborah C. , Montealegre Catalina D. , Jutkowitz L. Ari , Adamantos Sophie , Ovbey Dianna H. , Boysen Soren R. , Shaw Scott P. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) could be identified in dogs with sepsis secondary to gastrointestinal tract leakage, and whether the number of affected organ systems was significantly associated with mortality rate.
Design—Multicenter retrospective case series.
Animals—114 dogs.
Procedures—Medical records for dogs treated surgically because of sepsis secondary to gastrointestinal tract leakage between 2003 and 2007 were reviewed. Sepsis was diagnosed on the basis of results of bacterial culture of peritoneal fluid, gross evidence of gastrointestinal tract leakage at surgery, or both. Renal dysfunction was defined as a ≥ 0.5 mg/dL increase in serum creatinine concentration after surgery. Cardiovascular dysfunction was defined as hypotension requiring vasopressor treatment. Respiratory dysfunction was defined as a need for supplemental oxygen administration or mechanical ventilation. Hepatic dysfunction was defined as a serum bilirubin concentration > 0.5 mg/dL. Dysfunction of coagulation was defined as prolonged prothrombin time, prolonged partial thromboplastin time, or platelet count ≤ 100,000/μL.
Results—89 (78%) dogs had dysfunction of 1 or more organ systems, and 57 (50%) dogs had MODS. Mortality rate increased as the number of dysfunctional organ systems increased. Mortality rate was 70% (40/57) for dogs with MODS and 25% (14/57) for dogs without.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that MODS, defined as dysfunction of at least 2 organ systems, can be identified in dogs with sepsis and that organ system dysfunction increased the odds of death.
Risk factors for surgical site infection-inflammation in dogs undergoing surgery for rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament: 902 cases (2005–2006)
Authors: Frey Tracy N. , Hoelzler Michael G. , Scavelli Thomas D. , Fulcher Ryan P. , Bastian Richard P. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the incidence of and potential risk factors associated with development of postoperative infection-inflammation in a large number of dogs with rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) that were treated via elective surgery.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—808 dogs that underwent surgery (902 procedures) for rupture of the CCL.
Procedures—Medical records of dogs that underwent extracapsular lateral suture (ECLS) stabilization or tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2006, were reviewed. Data regarding development of postoperative infection-inflammation were obtained. Potential risk factors were identified and recorded.
Results—496 ECLS surgeries were performed, and 406 TPLO surgeries were performed. Infection-inflammation developed in 55 of 902 (6.1%) surgeries within 6 months after surgery. There was a significant difference in infection-inflammation rate after the ECLS surgeries (21/496 [4.2%]), compared with rate after the TPLO surgeries (34/406 [8.4%]). Factors associated with a significantly lower rate of infection-inflammation included the use of suture material other than stainless-steel staples for skin closure and postoperative oral administration of antimicrobials.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—TPLO was associated with a significantly higher rate of infection-inflammation than the infection-inflammation rate after ECLS stabilization. The use of suture material other than staples for skin closure and postoperative oral administration of antimicrobials may be protective in minimizing infection-inflammation in dogs with rupture of the CCL that are treated via ECLS or TPLO.
Theoretical Conceptions in Sport Social Sciences
Authors: Krawczyk Zbigniew 
Published: January 2010

Theoretical Conceptions in Sport Social SciencesIn the presented study we assume, after Piotr Sztompka that a sociological theory is every set of ontological, epistemological and methodological assumptions, abstract notions and general propositions concerning social reality which is to provide with explanation of existing descriptive knowledge about it and orient future research (Sztompka 1985, p. 12). In the discussed theory there have developed hitherto the following orientations: the systemic-functional one, the ethnomethodological one, symbolic interactionism, theory of conflict, socio-historical theory and positivist theory. They have together shaped theoretical conceptions in sociology of sport and — indirectly — in other social physical culture sciences.Interpreting the issue in a prospective way, it can be assumed that in the future there will appear other theories, such as the theory of behaviour, the theory of rational choice, the sociobiological theory, the theory of power, the theory of neo-institutionalism and others.Sociology, however, need not to be the only source of inspiration for sociohumane sports sciences. An equally important role can be played there by philosophy and psychology. Moreover, that thesis can be referred to other humanities, especially to history and pedagogy, as well as to philosophical, sociological and pedagogical versions of theory of physical culture — or to multidisciplinary theories, as e.g. postmodernist and globalist ones.
Sociology of Sport: Conceptual and Topical Issues
Authors: Sekot Aleš 
Published: January 2010

Sociology of Sport: Conceptual and Topical IssuesThis paper is intended to encourage students and readers in general to think more critically about sports and how they are related to contemporary society. We emphasize socialization impacts of sports as well as increasing process of organization, commercialisation, and globalisation of sports. Sports are social constructions and particularly in a form presented in mass media are an integral part of modern way of life. It carries pleasure as well as sadness for millions of people. Sports are institutionalised competitive activities that involve rigorous physical exertion or the use of relatively complex physical skills by participant motivation, by personal enjoyment and external rewards. Global aspects of contemporary sports are discussed from the point of view of their technological, economical, medial and ideological dimensions.
Treatment of an Individual With Piriformis Syndrome Focusing on Hip Muscle Strengthening and Movement Reeducation: A Case Report
Authors: Tonley Jason C. , Yun Steven M. , Kochevar Ronald J. , Dye Jeremy A. , Farrokhi Shawn , Powers Christopher M. 
Published: December 2009

Study Design Case report. Objective To describe an alternative treatment approach for piriformis syndrome using a hip muscle strengthening program with movement reeducation. Background Interventions for piriformis syndrome typically consist of stretching and/or soft tissue massage to the piriformis muscle. The premise underlying this approach is that a shortening or “spasm” of the piriformis is responsible for the compression placed upon the sciatic nerve. Case Description The patient was a 30-year-old male with right buttock and posterior thigh pain for 2 years. Clinical findings upon examination included reproduction of symptoms with palpation and stretching of the piriformis. Movement analysis during a single-limb step-down revealed excessive hip adduction and internal rotation, which reproduced his symptoms. Strength assessment revealed weakness of the right hip abductor and external rotator muscles. The patient's treatment was limited to hip-strengthening exercises and movement reeducation to correct the excessive hip adduction and internal rotation during functional tasks. Outcomes Following the intervention, the patient reported 0/10 pain with all activities. The initial Lower Extremity Functional Scale questionnaire score of 65/80 improved to 80/80. Lower extremity kinematics for peak hip adduction and internal rotation improved from 15.9° and 12.8° to 5.8° and 5.9°, respectively, during a step-down task. Discussion This case highlights an alternative view of the pathomechanics of piriformis syndrome (overstretching as opposed to over-shortening) and illustrates the need for functional movement analysis as part of the examination of these patients. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(2):103–111. doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.3108
Strengthening and Neuromuscular Reeducation of the Gluteus Maximus in a Triathlete with Exercise-Associated Cramping of the Hamstrings
Authors: Wagner Tracey , Behnia Nazly , Ancheta Won-Kay Lau , Shen Richard , Farrokhi Shawn , Powers Christopher M 
Published: December 2009

Study Design Case report. Objective To highlight the effects of an intervention program consisting of strengthening and neuromuscular reeducation of the gluteus maximus in an elite triathlete with exercise-associated muscle cramping (EAMC). Background Researchers have described 2 theories concerning the etiology of EAMC: (1) muscle fatigue and (2) electrolyte deficit. As such, interventions for EAMC typically consist of stretching/strengthening of the involved muscle and/or supplements to restore electrolyte imbalances. Case Description The patient was a 42-year-old male triathlete with a primary complaint of recurrent cramping of his right hamstring muscle, which prevented him from completing races at his desired pace. Strength testing revealed gluteus maximus muscle weakness bilaterally. Electromyographic (EMG) analysis (surface electrodes, 1560 Hz) revealed that the right hamstrings were being activated excessively during terminal swing and the first half of the stance phase (48.1% maximum voluntary isometric contraction [MVIC]). Outcomes Following the intervention, the patient was able to complete 3 triathlons without hamstring cramping. Strength testing revealed that the right hip extension strength improved from 35.6 to 54.7 kg, and activation of the hamstrings during terminal swing and the first half of the stance phase decreased to 36.4% of MVIC. Discussion A program of gluteus maximus strengthening and neuromuscular training eliminated EAMC of the hamstrings in this patient. Given that the hamstrings and gluteus maximus work as agonists to decelerate the thigh during terminal swing phase and control hip flexion during loading response of running, we postulate that strengthening of the gluteus maximus decreased the relative effort required by the hamstrings, thus reducing EAMC. The results of the EMG evaluation that was performed as part of this case report provides support for this hypothesis. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(2):112–119. doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.3110
Prevention of ventricular catheter obstruction and slit ventricle syndrome by the prophylactic use of the Integra antisiphon device in shunt therapy for pediatric hypertensive hydrocephalus: a 25-year follow-up study
Authors: Gruber Rolf W. , Roehrig Bernd 
Published: December 2009

Object
This 25-year follow-up study was performed on 120 children with hypertensive hydrocephalus to evaluate the influence of the early prophylactic implantation of the Integra antisiphon device (ASD, Integra Neurosciences Ltd.) on the rate of proximal shunt obstructions and the frequency of symptomatic slit ventricle syndrome (SVS). The adaptability of the ASD to growth, proper positioning of the ASD as a necessity for its successful performance, and the 3 phases of SVS development are discussed.

Method
Since 1978, the ASD has consistently been implanted either at the time of primary shunt insertion (66 neonates, mean follow-up 11 years) or during revisions of preexisting shunts (54 children, mean follow-up 11.8 years). The complication rate among the 54 children before ASD implantation (mean follow-up 8.3 years) was compared with that among all 120 patients once an ASD had been inserted. Shunt complications were documented as ventricular catheter, distal catheter, and infectious complications.

Results
The study revealed a significant long-term reduction in ventricular catheter obstructions and hospitalizations due to intermittent intracranial hypertension symptoms (symptomatic SVS) after both primary and secondary ASD implantation. Data in the study suggest that the high rate of ventricular catheter obstruction in pediatric shunt therapy is caused by hydrostatic suction induced by differential-pressure valve shunts during mobilization of the patient and that the development of a SVS can be traced back to this constant suction, which causes chronic CSF overdrainage and ventricular noncompliance. Recurrent ventricular catheter obstruction and SVS can be prevented by prophylactic supplementation of every shunt system with an ASD.

Conclusions
To inhibit chronic hydrostatic suction, to prevent overdrainage and proximal shunt obstruction, and to avoid SVS and thus improve the patient's quality of life, the prophylactic implantation of an ASD in every pediatric hydrocephalus shunt is recommended.
Is an endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene mutation a risk factor in the origin of intraventricular hemorrhage?
Authors: Vannemreddy Prasad , Notarianni Christina , Yanamandra Krishna , Napper Dawn , Bocchini Joseph 
Published: December 2009

Object
Studies have shown decreased levels of nitric oxide (NO), the product of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) gene activity, in infants with respiratory conditions and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). The authors evaluated the association of the eNOS gene promoter polymorphism T-786C with the cause of these conditions (respiratory conditions and IVH) in premature infants.

Methods
Blood samples from 124 African American premature infants were studied. The DNA was isolated and microplate polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism assay was performed. Genotypes were scored as: TT homozygotes with 140 bp and 40 bp; CC homozygotes with 90 bp, 50 bp, and 40 bp; and TC heterozygotes with 140 bp, 90 bp, 50 bp, and 40 bp. Genotypes were stratified according to ethnicity, preterm status, and prematurity conditions.

Results
The mutant allele -786C was present in 15.3% of premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and IVH, compared with 7.25% in those premature infants without these conditions. A significant 2-fold increase of the mutant allele in patients compared with controls (p = 0.04, OR 2.3) reveals that the eNOS -786C allele could be a significant risk factor in the origin of respiratory conditions and IVH in premature infants.

Conclusions
These results suggest that the mutant eNOS -786C allele is a significant risk factor in the origin of respiratory and IVH diseases, probably mediating an insufficient supply of endogenous NO in premature infants.
Using ex vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to reveal associations between biochemical and biological features of meningiomas
Authors: Pfisterer Wolfgang K. , Nieman Ronald A. , Scheck Adrienne C. , Coons Stephen W. , Spetzler Robert F. , Preul Mark C. 
Published: December 2009

Object
The goal in this study was to determine if proton (1H) MR spectroscopy can differentiate meningioma grade and is associated with interpretations of biological behavior; the study was performed using ex vivo high-resolution spectra indicating metabolic characteristics.

Methods
Sixty-eight resected tissue samples of meningiomas were examined using ex vivo 1H MR spectroscopy. Of these meningiomas, 46 were WHO Grade I, 14 were WHO Grade II, and 8 were WHO Grade III. Fifty-nine were primary meningiomas and 9 were recurrences. Invasion of adjacent tissue (dura mater, bone, venous sinus, brain) was found in 32 cases. Thirty-nine meningiomas did not rapidly recur (as defined by expansion on MR imaging within a 5-year follow-up period), whereas rapid recurrence was confirmed in 24 meningiomas, and follow-up status was unknown in 5 cases.

Results
The absolute concentrations of total alanine and creatine were decreased in high-grade compared with low-grade meningiomas, as was the ratio of glycine to alanine (all p < 0.05). Additionally, alanine and the glycine/alanine ratio distinguished between primary and recurrent meningiomas (all p < 0.05). Finally, the absolute concentrations of alanine and creatine, and the glycine/alanine and choline/glutamate ratios were associated with rapid recurrence (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
. These data indicate that meningioma tissue can be characterized by metabolic parameters that are not typically identified by histopathological analysis alone. Creatine, glycine, and alanine may be used as markers of meningioma grade, recurrence, and the likelihood of rapid recurrence. These data validate a previous study of a separate group of Grade I meningiomas.