bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced cardiovascular disease prediction through self-improved Aquila optimized feature selection in quantum neural network & LSTM model
Authors: Darolia Aman , Chhillar Rajender Singh , Alhussein Musaed , Dalal Surjeet , Aurangzeb Khursheed , Lilhore Umesh Kumar 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionCardiovascular disease (CVD) stands as a pervasive catalyst for illness and mortality on a global scale, underscoring the imperative for sophisticated prediction methodologies within the ambit of healthcare data analysis. The vast volume of medical data available necessitates effective data mining techniques to extract valuable insights for decision-making and prediction. While machine learning algorithms are commonly employed for CVD diagnosis and prediction, the high dimensionality of datasets poses a performance challenge.MethodsThis research paper presents a novel hybrid model for predicting CVD, focusing on an optimal feature set. The proposed model encompasses four main stages namely: preprocessing, feature extraction, feature selection (FS), and classification. Initially, data preprocessing eliminates missing and duplicate values. Subsequently, feature extraction is performed to address dimensionality issues, utilizing measures such as central tendency, qualitative variation, degree of dispersion, and symmetrical uncertainty. FS is optimized using the self-improved Aquila optimization approach. Finally, a hybridized model combining long short-term memory and a quantum neural network is trained using the selected features. An algorithm is devised to optimize the LSTM model’s weights. Performance evaluation of the proposed approach is conducted against existing models using specific performance measures.ResultsFar dataset-1, accuracy-96.69%, sensitivity-96.62%, specifity-96.77%, precision-96.03%, recall-97.86%, F1-score-96.84%, MCC-96.37%, NPV-96.25%, FPR-3.2%, FNR-3.37% and for dataset-2, accuracy-95.54%, sensitivity-95.86%, specifity-94.51%, precision-96.03%, F1-score-96.94%, MCC-93.03%, NPV-94.66%, FPR-5.4%, FNR-4.1%. The findings of this study contribute to improved CVD prediction by utilizing an efficient hybrid model with an optimized feature set.DiscussionWe have proven that our method accurately predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD) with unmatched precision by conducting extensive experiments and validating our methodology on a large dataset of patient demographics and clinical factors. QNN and LSTM frameworks with Aquila feature tuning increase forecast accuracy and reveal cardiovascular risk-related physiological pathways. Our research shows how advanced computational tools may alter sickness prediction and management, contributing to the emerging field of machine learning in healthcare. Our research used a revolutionary methodology and produced significant advances in cardiovascular disease prediction.
Cognitive-motor exergame training on a labile surface in stroke inpatients: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Büttiker Joel , Marks Detlef , Hanke Manuel , Ludyga Sebastian , Marsico Petra , Eggimann Benjamin , Giannouli Eleftheria 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundCognitive-motor training in form of exergames has been found to be feasible and effective for the improvement of motor and cognitive functioning in older adults and several patient populations. Exergame training under unstable conditions might increase the proprioceptive resources needed and thus might be a superior training approach compared to exergame training on stable ground for stroke patients, who often have proprioceptive deficits.ObjectiveAim of this study is to assess the feasibility and effects of exergame-based cognitive-motor training on a labile platform on physical and cognitive functioning in stroke inpatients.MethodsThis is two-armed pilot randomized controlled trial taking place in an inpatient neurologic rehabilitation clinic. A total of 30 persons that are undergoing inpatient rehabilitation due to a stroke will be randomly assigned to either the intervention group (IG) or the control group (CG). Participants of the IG will receive exergame-based motor-cognitive training on a labile surface, whereas participants of the CG will train on a stable surface. Primary outcome is feasibility comprising measures of adherence, attrition, safety and usability. Secondary outcomes will be measures of cognitive (psychomotor speed, inhibition, selective attention, cognitive flexibility, brain activity) and motor (functional mobility, gait speed, balance, proprioception) functioning.ResultsData collection started in February 2024 and is expected to be completed by August 2024.ConclusionThis is the first study looking into exergame training on labile surface in stroke patients. It will give valuable insights into the feasibility and potential added value of this type of training and thus inform further implementation efforts in the context of inpatient rehabilitation.Clinical trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT06296069.
Acceleration performance results of the SN nodal transport solvers in MOSASAUR code system for lead-based reactor cores
Authors: Wang Bo , Xu Zhitao , Wang Lianjie , Zhang Bin , Lou Lei , Zhao Chen 
Published: June 2024

To address the efficiency bottleneck encountered in reactor design calculations for the newly developed lead-based reactor neutronics analysis code system MOSASAUR, we recently developed acceleration functions based on various coarse-mesh finite difference (CMFD) methods and spatial domain decomposition parallel algorithm. However, the applicability of these improvements to different lead-based reactors remains to be analyzed. This work collected and established core models for various types of lead-based reactor. Based on different SN nodal transport solvers, we analyzed the acceleration performance of different CMFD methods, different CPU cores, and the combination of CMFD and parallel calculation. The results indicated that the impact of different CMFD acceleration or parallel acceleration on the calculation accuracy was negligible; the rCMFD method had good stability and convergence rate, achieving speedup of several to dozens; parallel efficiency was related to the number of meshes, and for large reactor cores, superlinear speedup was achieved with 200 CPU cores; rCMFD and parallel computing could achieve combined speedup, with 200 cores achieving speedup of hundreds to thousands, typically completing a reactor core transport calculation in 1 min.
A combined association of obesity, alanine aminotransferase and creatinine with hyperuricemia in youth aged 13–20 years
Authors: Niu Yang , Zhang Yajie , Sun Yan , Sheng Jinye , Lu Wenyi , Li Ji , Mao Xiaomeng , Feng Yi , Shen Xiuhua 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundDespite extensive research on hyperuricemia (HUA) in adults, there remains a dearth of studies examining this condition in youth. Consequently, our objective was to investigate the prevalence of HUA among youth in the United States, as well as identify the corresponding risk factors.MethodsThis study employed a nationally representative subsample of 1,051 youth aged 13–20 from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between January 2017 and March 2020. Univariate and multivariate techniques were utilized to examine the association between HUA and obesity, dietary nutrients, liver and kidney function, glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammation, and other indicators in the adolescent population.ResultsThe study encompassed a cohort of 1,051 youth aged 13–20 years, comprising 538 boys and 513 girls. The overall prevalence of HUA was found to be 7% (74 out of 1,051). Univariate analysis revealed that the HUA group exhibited greater age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Additionally, the prevalence of obesity was significantly higher in the HUA group compared to the non- HUA group (all p &lt; 0.05). Regarding biochemical indicators, the levels of urea nitrogen, creatinine (Cr), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glutamic oxalic aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and HS C reactive protein (Hs CRP) were found to be significantly higher in the HUA group compared to the non-HUA group (all p &lt; 0.05). Further analysis using binary logistics regression showed that BMI (p = 0.024, OR1.158, 95%CI1.019–1.316), ALT (p = 0.020, OR1.032, 95%CI1.005–1.059), and Cr (p = 0.016, OR1.028, 95%CI1.005–1.051) were identified as risk factors for HUA, after controlling for age, gender, BMI, WC, HC, WHR, ALT, AST, GGT, TG, TC, Cr, Hs CRP, and other indicators. Interestingly, neither univariate nor multivariate analysis found any association between dietary nutrients and the risk of HUA (all p &gt; 0.05).ConclusionHigh BMI remains a major risk factor for HUA in US youth aged 13–20 years, and ALT and Cr levels should be closely monitored along with serum uric acid.
Evaluation of dietary patterns and their impact on eye health among Saudi adults—A multi-regional cross-sectional analysis in Makkah, Riyadh, and Qassim
Authors: Thirunavukkarasu Ashokkumar , Alanazi Bader , Alfaleh Abdulrahman , Alsulami Hani Hathath , Albudayr Sulaiman Abdullah , Alotaibi Abdulrahman Saad , Alenezi Reema Mohammed , Alruwaili Araa Ghanem , Alibrahim Noor Oqalaa 
Published: June 2024

Background and aimNutrition plays a vital role in maintaining and improving vision health. However, little is known about dietary intake habits and their correlation with vision health among adults in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The present survey was aimed to assess dietary patterns and vision health among Saudi adults and to determine the association between dietary patterns and vision health.MethodsThe present analytical study was carried out among 1,234 Saudi adults in the Makkah, Riyadh, and Qassim regions of KSA. We used the Arabic version of the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire-25 (NEI VFQ-25) and the diet quality screener (DQS). We applied Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests to determine the association between vision function score and demographic characteristics. Furthermore, the Spearman correlation test was used to determine the relationship between the DQS and the NEI VFQ-25.ResultsOf the studied population, the highest score obtained through the NEI VFQ-25 was in the social function domain (mean ± SD = 76.64 ± 18.63), followed by the general vision domain (mean ± SD = 75.21 ± 15.16) and was negatively correlated with age. Regarding dietary patterns, the intake of lean protein sources per week was the highest, with a mean intake of 4.17 days per week, followed by that of whole grains and milk or dairy products, with a mean intake of around four days per week. There was a significant correlation between various dietary intakes and visual function scores.ConclusionThe present survey underscores the significance of understanding regional dietary patterns and their implications for vision health. Furthermore, our study’s findings indicate a need for targeted nutritional intervention measures to improve the vision health of this population.
The global burden of breast cancer in women from 1990 to 2030: assessment and projection based on the global burden of disease study 2019
Authors: Zhang Song , Jin Zhihui , Bao Lingling , Shu Peng 
Published: June 2024

Background and aimThis study aims to analyze the worldwide prevalence, mortality rates, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributed to breast cancer in women between 1990 and 2019. Additionally, it seeks to forecast the future trends of these indicators related to the burden of breast cancer in women from 2020 to 2030.MethodsData from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019 was analyzed to determine the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized death rate (ASDR) of DALYs due to breast cancer in women across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Socio-economic development levels of countries and regions were assessed using Socio-demographic Indexes, and trends in the burden of breast cancer in women worldwide from 2020 to 2030 were projected using generalized additive models (GAMs).ResultsThe estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) in the ASIR breast cancer in women globally was 0.36 from 1990 to 2019 and is expected to increase to 0.44 from 2020 to 2030. In 2019, the ASIR of breast cancer in women worldwide was 45.86 and is projected to reach 48.09 by 2030. The burden of breast cancer in women generally rises with age, with the highest burden expected in the 45–49 age group from 2020 to 2030. The fastest increase in burden is anticipated in Central sub-Saharan Africa (EAPC in the age-standardized death rate: 1.62, EAPC in the age-standardized DALY rate: 1.52), with the Solomon Islands (EAPC in the ASIR: 7.25) and China (EAPC in the ASIR: 2.83) projected to experience significant increases. Furthermore, a strong positive correlation was found between the ASIR breast cancer in women globally in 1990 and the projected rates for 2030 (r = 0.62).ConclusionThe anticipated increase in the ASIR of breast cancer in women globally by 2030 highlights the importance of focusing on women aged 45–49 in Central sub-Saharan Africa, Oceania, the Solomon Islands, and China. Initiatives such as breast cancer information registries, raising awareness of risk factors and incidence, and implementing universal screening programs and diagnostic tests are essential in reducing the burden of breast cancer and its associated morbidity and mortality.
Consumer awareness and knowledge regarding use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in a metropolitan area
Authors: Montuori Paolo , Shojaeian Seyedeh Zahra , Pennino Francesca , D’Angelo Daniela , Sorrentino Michele , Di Sarno Salvatore , Nubi Raffaele , Nardo Alfonso , Triassi Maria 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have well-known adverse effects, and numerous studies have shown inappropriate behaviors regarding their use. The primary aim of this study was to analyze the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding the use of NSAIDs simultaneously in one of the largest and most populated areas of Italy, Naples.MethodsFrom 2021 December 14th to 2022 January 4th, a cross-sectional survey study was conducted among community centers, working places, and universities using a snowball sampling method. For inclusion in the study, the participants were required to be at least 18 years old and residents in the metropolitan area of Naples. Three multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA) models were developed by including variables that could potentially be associated with the following outcomes of interest: knowledge (Model I), attitudes (Model II), and behavior (Model III) regarding the use of NSAIDs.ResultsData were acquired from 1,012 questionnaires administered to subjects evenly divided by gender with an average age of 36.8 years and revealed that only 7.9% of the participants self-admittedly did not take NSAIDs, while approximately half the participants (50%) admitted to occasionally using them. The results showed a statistically significant correlation between attitudes regarding the appropriate use of NSAIDs and less knowledge. The regression analyses indicated that behaviors regarding the appropriate use of NSAIDs were statistically significant in younger respondents, non-smokers, and those without children. These interesting results showed that behaviors regarding the appropriate use of NSAIDs were significantly higher among respondents with less knowledge and more positive attitudes.ConclusionAccording to the collected data and statistical analysis results, it is possible to identify factors that can greatly affect inappropriate behaviors regarding the use of NSAIDs and establish targeted prevention programs.
Maladaptive coping styles moderate the relationship between information on cancer treatment and psychosocial symptoms: an Italian multicenter study
Authors: Zerbinati L. , Folesani F. , Caruso R. , Belvederi Murri M. , Nanni M.G. , Righetti S. , Chiefari L. , Muscettola A. , Toffanin T. , Costantini A. , Zaccagnino B. , Ruffilli F. , Grassi L. 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesDisclosing information on diagnosis, prognosis and treatment is a delicate process in oncology, although awareness levels have over time increased in people with cancer. However, individual characteristics should be considered when communicating difficult information. We conducted a multicentric study to explore the moderating role of coping styles on the relationship between information about cancer, quality of life and psychological distress.MethodsIn the period between October 2015 and February 2016, 288 patients with a diagnosis of a solid tumor were recruited from seven Italian oncology units. All participants were administered the Distress Thermometer (DT), the Mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer (Mini-MAC), the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30), and the EORTC QLQ 25-item information module (INFO25). We explored the moderating effect of coping style with quality of life (QoL) and distress (DT) as dependent variables and information on cancer treatment as independent variable.ResultsLow levels of anxious preoccupation significantly moderated the relationship between information on treatment and QoL (R2 6%, p &lt; 0.001), while low and medium levels of hopelessness significantly moderated the relationship between information on treatment and DT (R2 = 14%, p = 0.033). Adaptive coping strategies, such as fighting spirit and fatalism, and borderline strategies such as avoidance, did not play a role in this relationship.ConclusionTaking into account and evaluating coping mechanisms in cancer care is a priority when disclosing information on treatments, in order to tailor communication style to individual features.
Harmonizing early intervention strategies: scoping review of clinical high risk for psychosis and borderline personality disorder
Authors: Lo Buglio Gabriele , Boldrini Tommaso , Polari Andrea , Fiorentino Flavia , Nelson Barnaby , Solmi Marco , Lingiardi Vittorio , Tanzilli Annalisa 
Published: June 2024

AimsTo map studies assessing both clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) in clinical samples, focusing on clinical/research/preventive paradigms and proposing informed research recommendations.MethodsWe conducted a PRISMA-ScR/JBI-compliant scoping review (protocol: https://osf.io/8mz7a) of primary research studies (cross-sectional/longitudinal designs) using valid measures/criteria to assess CHR-P and BPD (threshold/subthreshold) in clinical samples, reporting on CHR-P/psychotic symptoms and personality disorder(s) in the title/abstract/keywords, identified in Web of Science/PubMed/(EBSCO)PsycINFO until 23/08/2023.Results33 studies were included and categorized into four themes reflecting their respective clinical/research/preventive paradigm: (i) BPD as a comorbidity in CHR-P youth (k = 20), emphasizing early detection and intervention in psychosis; (ii) attenuated psychosis syndrome (APS) as a comorbidity among BPD inpatients (k = 2), with a focus on hospitalized adolescents/young adults admitted for non-psychotic mental disorders; (iii) mixed samples (k = 7), including descriptions of early intervention services and referral pathways; (iv) transdiagnostic approaches (k = 4) highlighting “clinical high at risk mental state” (CHARMS) criteria to identify a pluripotent risk state for severe mental disorders.ConclusionThe scoping review reveals diverse approaches to clinical care for CHR-P and BPD, with no unified treatment strategies. Recommendations for future research should focus on: (i) exploring referral pathways across early intervention clinics to promote timely intervention; (ii) enhancing early detection strategies in innovative settings such as emergency departments; (iii) improving mental health literacy to facilitate help-seeking behaviors; (iv) analysing comorbid disorders as complex systems to better understand and target early psychopathology; (v) investigating prospective risk for BPD; (vi) developing transdiagnostic interventions; (vii) engaging youth with lived experience of comorbidity to gain insight on their subjective experience; (viii) understanding caregiver burden to craft family-focused interventions; (ix) expanding research in underrepresented regions such as Africa and Asia, and; (x) evaluating the cost-effectiveness of early interventions to determine scalability across different countries.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://osf.io/8mz7a.
Association between the triglyceride glucose index and depression: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wan Weitao , Yu Yi 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundObesity and diabetes have been associated with depressive symptoms. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the association between the triglyceride glucose index (TyG index) a novel indicator of insulin resistance (IR) and depression in the adult population.MethodsRelevant observational studies were acquired through comprehensive searches of the Medline, Web of Science, Embase, Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Internet databases. To account for heterogeneity, a random-effects model was employed to combine the findings. Additionally, multiple subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the impact of various study characteristics on the outcome.ResultsThe meta-analysis comprised eight datasets from six cross-sectional studies, encompassing a total of 28,973 adults. The pooled findings suggested that subjects with a high TyG index, compared to those with a low TyG index, were associated with a higher prevalence of depression (odds ratio [OR]: 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.28–1.56, p&lt;0.001; I2 = 19%). Sensitivity analyses, by omitting one dataset at a time, showed consistent results (OR: 1.39–1.45, p&lt;0.05). Further subgroup analyses showed consistent results in participants aged &lt;50 years old and in those aged ≥50 years old, in men and in women, in studies with different cutoff values for the TyG index, and in studies with different methods for the diagnosis of depression (for each subgroup difference, p&gt;0.05).ConclusionA high TyG index may be associated with a higher prevalence of depression in the adult population.
Work addiction risk, stress and well-being at work: testing the mediating role of sleep quality
Authors: Charkhabi Morteza , Firoozabadi Abbas , Seidel Laura , Habibi Asgarabad Mojtaba , De Paola Francesco , Dutheil Frederic 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionAttention to work addiction risk is growing; however, more studies are needed to explore the possible impact of work addiction risk on various aspects of employees’ work and life domains. Although several studies have considered the antecedents or consequences of work addiction risk, this study particularly focuses on sleep quality as a potential explanatory underlying mechanism in the relation between work addition risk and three outcome variables including stress at home, stress at work and well-being.MethodThe data was collected using an online platform and participants consisted of 188 French employees who were selected using simple random sampling method. Participants responded to the survey including the Work Addiction Risk Test (WART), stress at work, well-being, and sleep quality. The data was analyzed using JASP and SPSS-26 programs.ResultsThe results revealed that there are significant positive relationships between work addiction risk and both stress at home and at work and negative relationships between work addiction risk and both sleep quality and well-being. In addition, the analyses of the mediation paths suggest the significant mediation role of sleep quality for the link between work addition risk and stress at work as well as the link between work addiction risk and well-being.DiscussionGiven the verified mediating role of sleep quality in the relationship between work addiction, stress and wellbeing, it is recommended that organizations and companies pay particular attention to their employees’ sleep quality.