bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Storage dynamics and streamflow in a catchment with a variable contributing area
Authors: Spence C. , Guan X. J. , Phillips R. , Hedstrom N. , Granger R. , Reid B. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractStorage heterogeneity effects on runoff generation have been well documented at the hillslope or plot scale. However, diversity across catchments can increase the range of storage conditions. Upscaling the influence of small‐scale storage on streamflow across the usually more heterogeneous environment of the catchment has been difficult. The objective of this study was to observe the distribution of storage in a heterogeneous catchment and evaluate its significance and potential influence on streamflow. The study was conducted in the subarctic Canadian Shield: a region with extensive bedrock outcrops, shallow predominantly organic soils, discontinuous permafrost and numerous water bodies. Even when summer runoff was generated from bedrock hillslopes with small storage capacities, intermediary locations with large storage capacities, particularly headwater lakes, prevented water from transmitting to higher order streams. The topographic bounds of the basin thus constituted the maximum potential contributing area to streamflow and rarely the actual area. Topographic basin storage had little relation to basin streamflow, but hydrologically connected storage exhibited a strong hysteretic relationship with streamflow. This relationship defines the form of catchment function such that the basin can be defined by a series of storing and contributing curves comparable with the wetting and drying curves used in relating tension and hydraulic conductivity to water content in unsaturated soils. These curves may prove useful for catchment classification and elucidating predominant hydrological processes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Her Majesty the Queen in right of Canada.
Tumor angiogenesis and novel antiangiogenic strategies
Authors: Gordon Michael S. , Mendelson David S. , Kato Gerry 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAngiogenesis is essential for the development and growth of tumors. It is a highly regulated process that requires cross‐talk between signaling pathways at all stages of blood vessel development and tumor growth, from the recruitment of endothelial cells to vessel maturation. This review summarizes tumor angiogenesis and describes the key signaling pathways governing blood vessel development. The role of angiogenesis in various tumor types is discussed, but the focus is on invasive breast cancer, a disease that will affect ∼182,000 women in the USA in 2008. Research efforts over the past decade have identified numerous potential, as well as proven therapies with activity in breast cancer. These include chemotherapeutics as well as therapies that inhibit specific angiogenic pathways known as targeted agents. Some of the data from single‐ and multitargeted antiangiogenic agents are described in this review. “Published 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. This article is a US Government work, and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.”
High expression of EZH2 is associated with tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy
Authors: He Li‐Ru , Liu Meng‐Zhong , Li Bin‐Kui , Jia Wei‐Hua , Zhang Ying , Liao Yi‐Ji , Chen Yang‐Chao , Zhang Lan‐Jun , Guan Xin‐Yuan , Zeng Yi‐Xin , Kung Hsiang‐Fu , Xie Dan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a known repressor of gene transcription, has been reported to be associated with biological malignancy in several cancers. The potential oncogenic role of EZH2 and its clinical/prognostic significance, however, in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are unclear. In this study, the methods of immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in‐situ hybridization were used to examine protein expression and amplification of EZH2 in 98 pretreatment biopsy specimens of ESCC who received definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT). High expression of EZH2 and amplification of EZH2 was found in 54.1% and 12.0% of ESCCs, respectively. High EZH2 expression was significantly correlated with increased cell proliferation (p = 0.009), high histopathological grade (p = 0.002), regional (p = 0.025) and distant lymph node metastasis (p < 0.001) and lack of clinical complete response to CRT (p = 0.028). Univariate analysis revealed that high expression of EZH2 was associated with poor metastasis‐free survival (MFS) (p = 0.003), poor progression‐free survival (PFS) (p = 0.001) and poor disease‐specific survival (DSS) (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, high expression of EZH2, together with lack of clinical complete response, were evaluated as significant independent prognostic factors of MFS, PFS and DSS for patients with ESCC. These findings suggest that high expression of EZH2 correlates with tumor aggressiveness and adverse patient outcome in ESCC treated with definitive CRT. Evaluation of EZH2 expressions might be useful for predicting tumor response to CRT and prognosis for patients with ESCC.
Oxidative stress‐dependent increase in ICAM‐1 expression promotes adhesion of colorectal and pancreatic cancers to the senescent peritoneal mesothelium
Authors: Ksia̧żek Krzysztof , Mikuła‐Pietrasik Justyna , Catar Rusan , Dworacki Grzegorz , Winckiewicz Marek , Frydrychowicz Magdalena , Dragun Duska , Staniszewski Ryszard , Jörres Achim , Witowski Janusz 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIntercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) has been implicated in adhesion of colorectal and pancreatic cancer cells (of the SW480 and PSN‐1 line, respectively) to the peritoneal mesothelium. It has been demonstrated that ICAM‐1 expression increases with senescence in some cell types, however, the significance of this phenomenon in the context of malignant dissemination remains elusive. In this report we show that the adherence of SW480 and PSN‐1 cells to senescent human omentum‐derived mesothelial cells (HOMCs) in vitro is greater than to early‐passage cells and that the effect is mediated by ICAM‐1. Senescent HOMCs display increased expression of ICAM‐1 mRNA and cell surface protein. The development of this phenotype is related to increased oxidative stress in senescent cells. The augmented ICAM‐1 expression in HOMCs can be reduced by culturing cells with antioxidants; in contrast, exposure of HOMCs to an oxidant, t‐BHP, leads to cellular senescence and increased ICAM‐1 expression. The effect is partly mediated by activation of p38 MAPK and AP‐1 signaling pathways. Finally, culture of HOMCs in the presence of a strong antioxidant, PBN, significantly reduces the senescence‐associated increase in SW480 and PSN‐1 cancer cell binding. These results indicate that increased oxidative stress and increased expression of ICAM‐1 in senescent HOMCs may facilitate peritoneal adhesion of selected colorectal and pancreatic cancers.
The Lucas critique and the stability of empirical models
Authors: Lubik Thomas A. , Surico Paolo 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis paper reconsiders the empirical relevance of the Lucas critique using a DSGE sticky price model in which a weak central bank response to inflation generates equilibrium indeterminacy. The model is calibrated to capture the magnitude of the historical shift in the Federal Reserve's policy rule. Using Monte Carlo simulations and a backward‐looking model of aggregate supply and demand, we find that shifts in the policy rule induce breaks in both the reduced‐form coefficients and the reduced‐form error variances. When the instability of the reduced‐form error variances is accounted for, the Lucas critique is found to be empirically relevant. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of growth factors in combination with injectable silicone resin particles on the biological activity of dermal fibroblasts: A preliminaryin vitrostudy
Authors: Jennings Jessica A. , Crews Robert M. , Robinson Joycelyn , Richelsoph Kelly , Cole Judith A. , Bumgardner Joel D. , Yang Yunzhi , Haggard Warren O. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractInjections of silicone fluid have been clinically evaluated to treat and prevent foot ulcers due to diminished plantar fat‐pad in neuropathic diabetics. The objective of this study was to determine preliminaryin vitroeffects of an injectable form of silicone resin particles in combination with growth factors to determine the suitability of this potential therapy for prevention of diabetic foot ulcers. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF‐BB) were added to monolayer culture along with silicone resin particles (12 μm average diameter). Growth factors were also combined as follows: bFGF+PDGF‐BB, EGF+PDGF‐BB, and bFGF+EGF. Growth factors alone and in combination increased fibroblast proliferation, but the presence of particles did not significantly affect cellular proliferation. The addition of particles significantly increased fibronectin production 117% in the control group and 151% in the PDGF only group. Collagen production was increased with exposure to EGF and growth factor combinations, but the presence of particles did not lead to any significant differences, except an 81% increase in the bFGF group. These preliminary results suggest that a combination of PDGF and bFGF may be effective in stimulating proliferation and matrix production around injectable silicone resin particles to generate a fibrous tissue pad to alleviate the abnormal distribution of high pressures that contribute to diabetic foot ulcer formation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 2010
Synthesis and characterization of functionalized magnetic maghemite nanoparticles with fluorescent probe capabilities for biological applications
Authors: Perlstein Benny , Lublin‐Tennenbaum Tammy , Marom Inbal , Margel Shlomo 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNanoparticles with innovative optical, chemical, and magnetic properties combined in a single nanoparticle may be useful as biosensors, targeting agents, and therapeutic agents in the biomedical field. This study describes new magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) containing the fluorescent dye rhodamine isothiocyanate (RITC) covalently encapsulated within the nanoparticles. These nanoparticles have been prepared by nucleation followed by controlled growth of iron oxide layers onto iron oxide/gelatin‐RITC nuclei. The formed RITC labeled MNPs (R‐MNPs) are of narrow size distribution, exhibit the fluorescent spectrum of RITC, yet are more photostable. Because of the covalent encapsulation of RITC within the MNPs no detectable leakage of the fluorescent dye into the aqueous continuous phase was observed. This manuscript also demonstrates that the surface of the R‐MNPs retains similar ligand binding efficiency as the equivalent nonfluorescent MNPs. Specific cell labeling was obtained by incubating glia cells with R‐MNPs conjugated to glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) protein. We further showed that the R‐MNPs may be used for pH sensing between the pH range of 5 and 9. This feature may enable the use of the R‐MNPs as a pH sensor of animal tissues and cell compartments. Thus, these functional narrow size distribution R‐MNPs with both magnetic and fluorescent properties may provide an important research tool for biological sensing. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: Long term clinical course and plasma exchange therapy for two individual patients and review of the literature
Authors: Beigel Roy , Beigel Yitzhak 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFamilial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant disease. Homozygous FH (HFH) manifests with severe hypercholesterolemia since birth (cholesterol levels >5–6 the upper normal limit), which, if untreated, leads to early onset accelerated atherosclerosis and premature coronary death, usually before the 2nd or 3rd decades of life. Various invasive procedures (iliocecal bypass, porto‐caval shunt, liver transplant, and gene therapy) have been introduced for lowering low density lipoprotein (LDL) aiming at reducing atherosclerosis and improving survival of HFH patients. Of all the various methods, LDL apheresis has become the most attractive. Although its impressive effect on LDL‐C reduction is well established, its long‐term (of more than 10 year) effect on the atherosclerotic process and specifically cardiac end‐points in HFH is hardly documented. We herewith report on the longest term lipophoresis so far reported in two HFH patients, each treated with plasma‐exchange and LDL‐apheresis for more than 20 years. The observations provide an opportunity to focus on various aspects regarding not only the procedure itself but also its effect on various clinical endpoints. By this description together with reviewing the literature, we discuss several issues, some of them are generalized while others are individualized, dealing with the approach of long term LDL apheresis in HFH. J. Clin. Apheresis 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Addition of hydrazine to 4,7‐dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines: Hydrazine derivatives of 4,5,6,7‐tetrahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine
Authors: Komykhov Sergey A. , Ostras Konstantin S. , Kobzar Kyryl M. , Musatov Vladimir I. , Desenko Sergey M. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
magnified image The 7‐aryl‐4,7‐dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines 1a, 1b, 1c can undergo addition of hydrazine to the enamine double bond leading to hydrazine derivatives of tetrahydrotriazolopyrimidines 2a, 2b, 2c; the process is usually accompanied by partial opening of pyrimidine ring leading to 3a, 3b. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
Novel synthetic route for 5‐substituted 6‐arylmethylluracils from 2,4,6‐trichloropyrimidines
Authors: Loksha Yasser M. 
Published: November 2009

Abstractmagnified imageTreatment of 2,4,6‐trichloropyrimidines (1a,1b) with the sodium salt of benzyl cyanide derivatives (2a,2b) afforded 5‐substituted 4‐aryl(cyanomethyl)‐2,6‐dichloropyrimidines (3a,3b,3c,3d,3e,3f). Compounds3a,3bwere alkylated with methyl iodide to furnish 4‐(1‐aryl‐1‐cyanoethyl)‐2,6‐dichloropyrimidines (4a,4b). Compounds3a,3b,3c,3d,3e,3fand4a,4bwere hydrolyzed with concentrated hydrochloric acid to afford 5‐substituted 6‐arylalkyluracils5a,5b,5c,5d,5e,5f,5g,5h. 5‐Bromo‐6‐arymethylluracils (6a,6b,6c,6d) were synthesized by bromination of 6‐arylmethylluracils (5a,5b,5c,5d) withN‐bromosuccinimide (NBS). Refluxing 2‐(2,6‐dichloro‐5‐ethylpyrimidin‐4‐yl)‐2‐(3,5‐dimethylphenyl)acetonitrile (3f) with sodium methoxide followed by oxidation afforded (3,5‐dimethylphenyl)(5‐ethyl‐2,6‐dimethoxypyrimidin‐4‐yl)methanone (7). Addition of methylmagnesium bromide to compound7gave the tertiary alcohol derivative8which was fluorinated by diethylaminosulfurtrifluoride and deprotected by trimethylsilyl iodide to furnish 6‐(1‐(3,5‐dimethylphenyl)‐1‐fluoroethyl)‐5‐ethylpyrimidine‐2,4(1H,3H)‐dione (12). J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
Distributive impacts of the food price crisis in the Andean region
Authors: Cuesta José , Duryea Suzanne , Jaramillo Fidel , Robles Marcos 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis study analyses the distributive consequences associated with the recent international food price crisis in the Andean region. The study explores the distributive repercussions of the crisis by means of a simple simulation exercise which isolates the direct and short‐term effects of actual increases in food prices across the Andean region. The paper finds substantive and heterogeneous poverty impacts, ranging from two to six per cent points in the incidence of poverty. Results are found very sensitive to the net consumer (or producer) position of the household, and less so across other characteristics of the household. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Introduction to the special issue on Bayesian journey‐to‐crime modelling
Authors: Levine Ned 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this special issue of the Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling, we explore a Bayesian approach to journey‐to‐crime (JTC) estimation with an emphasis on the statistical models used. The approach conceptualises the probability that an offender lives at one location as the product of the probability distribution from a JTC estimate along with the probability distribution of other offenders who committed crimes in the same locations. The Bayesian approach is appropriate as the second part is conditional on the first part. The introduction gives the background behind the methodology and suggests how future improvements can be made by integrating new information. Finally, the papers in the special issue are introduced. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protective effects of enzymatic digest fromEcklonia cavaagainst high glucose‐induced oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Authors: Lee Seung‐Hong , Heo Soo‐Jin , Hwang Ji‐Young , Han Ji‐Sook , Jeon You‐Jin 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Antioxidants can prevent pathological damage caused by hyperglycaemia‐induced oxidative stress associated with diabetes. In the present study, we investigated whether the brown algaEcklonia cavahas protective effects against high glucose‐induced oxidative stress in Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). For that purpose, we prepared an enzymatic digest fromE. cava(ECC) by using the carbohydrase, Celluclast.RESULTS:High glucose treatment induced HUVECs cell death, but ECC, at a concentration of 10 or 100 µg mL−1, significantly inhibited the high glucose‐induced cytotoxicity. Furthermore, treatment with ECC dose‐dependently decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species, and the nitric oxide level increased by high glucose. In addition, ECC treatment increased activities of antioxidant enzymes including catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in high‐glucose pretreated HUVECs. High glucose levels induced the overexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase‐2 and nuclear factor‐kappa B proteins in HUVECs, but ECC treatment reduced the overexpression of these proteins.CONCLUSION:These results suggest that ECC is a potential therapeutic agent that will reduce the damage caused by hyperglycaemia‐induced oxidative stress associated with diabetes. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Diabetes‐related changes in auditory brainstem responses
Authors: Konrad‐Martin Dawn , Austin Donald F. , Griest Susan , McMillan Garnett P. , McDermott Daniel , Fausti Stephen 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Determine effects on auditory brainstem response (ABR) of diabetes mellitus (DM) severity.Study Design:A cross‐sectional study investigating DM severity and ABR in military Veteran subjects with (166) and without (138) DM and with no more than moderate hearing loss.Methods:Subjects were classified by three age tertiles (<50, 50–56, and 57+). DM severity was classified as insulin‐dependent (IDDM), non–insulin‐dependent (NIDDM), or no DM. Other DM measures included serum glucose, HbA1c, and several DM‐related complications. ABR measures included wave I, III, and V latencies; I–III, III–V, and I–V latency intervals; and wave V amplitude; for each ear at three repetition rates (11, 51, and 71 clicks/second), and both polarities. Outcomes were stratified by age tertile and adjusted for pure tone threshold at 3 kHz. Repeated measures multivariate analysis of covariance modeled the ABR response at each repetition rate for DM severity (main effect) and hearing at 3 kHz (covariate). Modeled contrasts between ABR variables in subjects with and without DM were examined.Results:Significant differences existed between no DM and IDDM groups in the younger tertile only. Adjusting for threshold at 3 kHz had minimal effect. Self‐reported noise exposure was not related to ABR differences, but HbA1c and poor circulation were.Conclusions:IDDM is associated with an increased wave V latency, wave I–V interval, and reduced wave V amplitude among Veterans under 50 years. Results were related to several DM complications. Laryngoscope, 2010
Amphiphilic Block Copolymers Bearing Ortho Ester Side‐Chains: pH‐Dependent Hydrolysis and Self‐Assembly in Water
Authors: Tang Rupei , Ji Weihang , Wang Chun 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA new type of pH‐responsive block copolymer nanoparticle has been synthesized and characterized. The amphiphilic diblock copolymer, PEG‐b‐PMYM, contains acid‐labile ortho ester side‐chains in the hydrophobic block and can self‐assemble into micelle‐like nanoparticles in water at neutral pH. Hydrolysis of the ortho ester side‐chains follows a distinct exocyclic mechanism and shows pH‐dependent kinetics, which triggers changes in nanoparticle size and morphology. The nanoparticles have been found to be non‐toxic to cells in vitro. The ability to tune the size and morphology of biocompatible block copolymer nanoparticles by controlling the pH‐sensitive side‐chain hydrolysis represents a unique approach that may be exploited to improve the efficacy of nanometer‐scale drug delivery.magnified image
High‐temperature oxidation behaviour of model CoReCr alloys at low oxygen partial pressure
Authors: Gorr B. , Burk S. , Trindade V. B. , Christ H.‐J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe oxidation behaviour of four model CoReCr alloys and a commercial Co‐based alloy was investigated at 1000 °C and a low‐oxygen partial pressure of p(O2) = 10−16 bar, in order to prove the feasibility of a pre‐oxidation treatment. Under suitable conditions of the pre‐oxidation treatment, the oxidation of the highly reactive alloying element Cr is possible. All the studied alloys form a continuous and dense Cr2O3 scale on the metal surface. The transport of chromium to the surface occurs mainly from the Cr‐rich σ‐phase, which becomes completely dissolved in the surrounding matrix after long exposure times. As a result of the Cr2O3 scale, growth depletion of Cr occurs in the near surface region, leading to internal oxidation.
Effect of grain refinement on corrosion of ferritic–martensitic steels in supercritical water environment
Authors: Ren X. , Sridharan K. , Allen T. R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe effects of grain refinement on the corrosion behavior of three ferritic–martensitic (F/M) steels, HT9, T91, and NF616, and two binary model alloys Fe‐15%Cr and Fe‐18%Cr in supercritical water (SCW) have been investigated. Grain refinement down to a size of about one micron in the surface regions, was achieved by introducing severe plastic deformation by shot peening. After exposure to SCW with 25 ppb oxygen at 500 °C for up to 3000 h, an improvement in corrosion resistance was observed in grain‐refined samples because of the enhanced diffusion of chromium on the surface, through a high density of grain boundaries. The chromium content in the steels and the exposure durations in SCW were determined to be important factors influencing the efficacy of the grain refinement effects. These results are supported by both experimental evidence and theoretical predictions. Another approach for grain refinement, equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), was also investigated for T91 steel. ECAP resulted in lower weight gain due to corrosion compared to the untreated samples, but exhibited a slightly higher weight gain compared to the shot‐peened samples after long‐term exposures in SCW which is probably caused by different fractions of high‐angle grain boundaries in grain‐refined regions, introduced by different grain refinement techniques.