bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of Patients Treated for Relapsed or Refractory Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Therapeutic Advances in Childhood Leukemia Consortium Study
Authors: Ko Richard H. , Ji Lingyun , Barnette Phillip , Bostrom Bruce , Hutchinson Raymond , Raetz Elizabeth , Seibel Nita L. , Twist Clare J. , Eckroth Elena , Sposto Richard , Gaynon Paul S. , Loh Mignon L. 
Published: October 2009

Purpose Despite improvements in treatment, approximately 20% of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) experience relapse and do poorly. The Therapeutic Advances in Childhood Leukemia (TACL) Consortium was assembled to assess novel drugs for children with resistant leukemia. We hypothesize that novel agents and combinations that fail to improve baseline complete remission rates in comparable populations are unlikely to contribute to better outcomes and should be abandoned. We sought to define response rates and disease-free survival (DFS) rates in patients treated at TACL institutions, which could serve as a comparator for future studies. Patients and Methods We performed a retrospective cohort review of patients with relapsed and refractory ALL previously treated at TACL institutions between the years of 1995 and 2004. Data regarding initial and relapsed disease characteristics, disease response, and survival were collected and compared with those of published reports. Results Complete remission (CR) rates (mean ± SE) were 83% ± 4% for early first marrow relapse, 93% ± 3% for late first marrow relapse, 44% ± 5% for second marrow relapse, and 27% ± 6% for third marrow relapse. Five-year DFS rates in CR2 and CR3 were 27% ± 4% and 15% ± 7% respectively. Conclusion We generally confirm a 40% CR rate for second and subsequent relapse, but our remission rate for early first relapse seems better than that reported in the literature (83% v approximately 70%). Our data may allow useful modeling of an expected remission rate for any population of patients who experience relapse.
Suicide Ideation in Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer: A Report From the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Recklitis Christopher J. , Diller Lisa R. , Li Xiaochun , Najita Julie , Robison Leslie L. , Zeltzer Lonnie 
Published: October 2009

Purpose To evaluate risk of suicide ideation (SI) after childhood cancer, prevalence of SI in a cohort of adult survivors of pediatric cancers was compared with prevalence in a sibling comparison group. The relationship of SI to cancer treatment and current health was examined, and the hypothesis that poor physical health is significantly associated with suicidality, after adjusting for depression, was specifically tested. Methods Nine thousand one hundred twenty-six adult survivors of childhood cancer and 2,968 siblings enrolled onto the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study completed a survey describing their demographics and medical and psychological functioning, including SI in the prior week. Results Of survivors, 7.8% reported SI compared with 4.6% of controls (odds ratio = 1.79; 95% CI, 1.4 to 2.4). Suicidality was unrelated to age, age at diagnosis, sex, cancer therapy, recurrence, time since diagnosis, or second malignancy. SI was associated with primary CNS cancer diagnosis, depression, and poor health outcomes including chronic conditions, pain, and poor global health rating. A logistic regression analysis showed that poor current physical health was significantly associated with SI even after adjusting for cancer diagnosis and depression. Conclusion Adult survivors of childhood cancers are at increased risk for SI. Risk of SI is related to cancer diagnosis and post-treatment mental and physical health, even many years after completion of therapy. The association of suicidal symptoms with physical health problems is important because these may be treatable conditions for which survivors seek follow-up care and underscores the need for a multidisciplinary approach to survivor care.
Mastectomy, body deconstruction, and impact on identity: A qualitative study
Authors: Piot‐Ziegler C. , Sassi M.‐L. , Raffoul W. , Delaloye J.‐F. 
Published: October 2009

Objectives.This qualitative study aims at understanding the consequences of body deconstruction through mastectomy on corporality and identity in women with breast cancer.Design.Nineteen women were contacted through the hospital. All had to undergo mastectomy. Some were offered immediate breast reconstruction, others, because of cancer treatments, had no planned reconstruction. A qualitative reflexive methodological background was chosen.Method.Women were invited to participate in three semi‐structured interviews, one shortly before or after mastectomy, and the other interviews later in their illness courses, after surgery. All interviews were transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was performed. The analysis of the first interview of each woman is presented in this article.Results.Mastectomy provokes a painful experience of body deconstruction. Even when immediate reconstruction is proposed, contrasted feelings and dissonance are expressed when comparing the former healthy body to the present challenged body entity. Body transformations are accompanied with experiences of mutilation, strangeness, and modify the physical, emotional social, symbolic and relational dimensions of the woman's gendered identity. Although the opportunity of breast reconstruction is seen as a possible recovery of a lost physical symmetry and body integrity, grieving the past body and integrating a new corporality leads to a painful identity crisis.Conclusion.With mastectomy, the roots of the woman's identity are challenged, leading to a re‐evaluation of her existential values. The consequences of mastectomy transform the woman's corporality and embodiment, and question her identity. Psychological support is discussed in the perspective of our results.
Postmenopausal women with osteopenia have higher cortical porosity and thinner cortices at the distal radius and tibia than women with normal aBMD: An in vivo HR-pQCT study
Authors: Nishiyama Kyle K , Macdonald Heather M , Buie Helen R , Hanley David A , Boyd Steven K 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Increases in cortical porosity (Ct.Po) and decreases in cortical thickness (Ct.Th) are associated with increased bone fragility. The purpose of this study was to validate an autosegmentation method for high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) scans to measure Ct.Po and Ct.Th and use it to compare Ct.Po and Ct.Th between pre- and postmenopausal women with normal, osteopenic, and osteoporotic areal bone mineral density (aBMD). The Ct.Po and Ct.Th measurements were validated using cadaver forearms (n = 10) and micro-computed tomography (µCT) as the gold standard. The analysis was applied to distal radius and tibia HR-pQCT scans from a subset of participants from the Calgary, Alberta, cohort of the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (n = 280, 18 to 90 years). Analysis of covariance compared Ct.Po and Ct.Th outcomes between 63 normal premenopausal (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry femoral neck T-score &gt; −1), 87 normal postmenopausal, 121 osteopenic postmenopausal, and 9 osteoporotic postmenopausal women. Linear regression analysis and Bland-Altman plots were used to assess the agreement between the HR-pQCT and µCT measurements, resulting in r2 values of 0.80 for Ct.Po and 0.98 for Ct.Th. At both sites, Ct.Po was higher in postmenopausal (all groups) than in premenopausal women (3.2% to 12.9%, p &lt; .001). Ct.Th was not significantly different between normal premenopausal and postmenopausal women at either site; however, both osteopenic and osteoporotic women had thinner (−12.8% to −30.3%, p &lt; .01), more porous (2.1% to 8.1%, p &lt; .001) cortices than normal postmenopausal women. Our method offers promise as a valuable tool to measure Ct.Po and Ct.Th in vivo and investigate associations among cortical bone structure, age, and disease status. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Acute phosphate restriction leads to impaired fracture healing and resistance to BMP-2
Authors: Wigner Nathan A , Luderer Hilary F , Cox Megan K , Sooy Karen , Gerstenfeld Louis C , Demay Marie B 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Hypophosphatemia leads to rickets and osteomalacia, the latter of which results in decreased biomechanical integrity of bones, accompanied by poor fracture healing. Impaired phosphate-dependent apoptosis of hypertrophic chondrocytes is the molecular basis for rickets. However, the underlying pathophysiology of impaired fracture healing has not been characterized previously. To address the role of phosphate in fracture repair, mice were placed on a phosphate-restricted diet 2 days prior to or 3 days after induction of a mid-diaphyseal femoral fracture to assess the effects of phosphate deficiency on the initial recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells and their subsequent differentiation. Histologic and micro-computed tomographic (µCT) analyses demonstrated that both phosphate restriction models dramatically impaired fracture healing primarily owing to a defect in differentiation along the chondrogenic lineage. Based on Sox9 and Sox5 mRNA levels, neither the initial recruitment of cells to the callus nor their lineage commitment was effected by hypophosphatemia. However, differentiation of these cells was impaired in association with impaired bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. In vivo ectopic bone-formation assays and in vitro investigations in ST2 stromal cells confirmed that phosphate restriction leads to BMP-2 resistance. Marrow ablation studies demonstrate that hypophosphatemia has different effects on injury-induced intramembranous bone formation compared with endochondral bone formation. Thus phosphate plays an important role in the skeleton that extends beyond mineralized matrix formation and growth plate maturation and is critical for endochondral bone repair. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Different indices of fetal growth predict bone size and volumetric density at 4 years of age
Authors: Harvey Nicholas C , Mahon Pamela A , Robinson Sian M , Nisbet Corrine E , Javaid M Kassim , Crozier Sarah R , Inskip Hazel M , Godfrey Keith M , Arden Nigel K , Dennison Elaine M , Cooper Cyrus 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
We have demonstrated previously that higher birth weight is associated with greater peak and later-life bone mineral content and that maternal body build, diet, and lifestyle influence prenatal bone mineral accrual. To examine prenatal influences on bone health further, we related ultrasound measures of fetal growth to childhood bone size and density. We derived Z-scores for fetal femur length and abdominal circumference and conditional growth velocity from 19 to 34 weeks' gestation from ultrasound measurements in participants in the Southampton Women's Survey. A total of 380 of the offspring underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at age 4 years [whole body minus head bone area (BA), bone mineral content (BMC), areal bone mineral density (aBMD), and estimated volumetric BMD (vBMD)]. Volumetric bone mineral density was estimated using BMC adjusted for BA, height, and weight. A higher velocity of 19- to 34-week fetal femur growth was strongly associated with greater childhood skeletal size (BA: r = 0.30, p &lt; .0001) but not with volumetric density (vBMD: r = 0.03, p = .51). Conversely, a higher velocity of 19- to 34-week fetal abdominal growth was associated with greater childhood volumetric density (vBMD: r = 0.15, p = .004) but not with skeletal size (BA: r = 0.06, p = .21). Both fetal measurements were positively associated with BMC and aBMD, indices influenced by both size and density. The velocity of fetal femur length growth from 19 to 34 weeks' gestation predicted childhood skeletal size at age 4 years, whereas the velocity of abdominal growth (a measure of liver volume and adiposity) predicted volumetric density. These results suggest a discordance between influences on skeletal size and volumetric density. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Vessel formation is induced prior to the appearance of cartilage in BMP-2-mediated heterotopic ossification
Authors: Dilling Christine Fouletier , Wada Aya M , Lazard Zawaunyka W , Salisbury Elizabeth A , Gannon Francis H , Vadakkan Tegy J , Gao Liang , Hirschi Karen , Dickinson Mary E , Davis Alan R , Olmsted-Davis Elizabeth A 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO), or endochondral bone formation at nonskeletal sites, often results from traumatic injury and can lead to devastating consequences. Alternatively, the ability to harness this phenomenon would greatly enhance current orthopedic tools for treating segmental bone defects. Thus, understanding the earliest events in this process potentially would allow us to design more targeted therapies to either block or enhance this process. Using a murine model of HO induced by delivery of adenovirus-transduced cells expressing bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), we show here that one of the earliest stages in this process is the establishment of new vessels prior to the appearance of cartilage. As early as 48 hours after induction of HO, we observed the appearance of brown adipocytes expressing vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) simultaneous with endothelial progenitor replication. This was determined by using a murine model that possesses the VEGF receptor 2 (Flk1) promoter containing an endothelial cell enhancer driving the expression of nuclear-localized yellow fluorescent protein (YFP). Expression of this marker has been shown previously to correlate with the establishment of new vasculature, and the nuclear localization of YFP expression allowed us to quantify changes in endothelial cell numbers. We found a significant increase in Flk1-H2B::YFP cells in BMP-2-treated animals compared with controls. The increase in endothelial progenitors occurred 3 days prior to the appearance of early cartilage. The data collectively suggest that vascular remodeling and growth may be essential to modify the microenvironment and enable engraftment of the necessary progenitors to form endochondral bone. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Molecular Characterization of the Key Switch F Provides a Basis for Understanding the Rapid Divergence of the Sex-Determining Pathway in the Housefly
Authors: Hediger Monika , Henggeler Caroline , Meier Nicole , Perez Regina , Saccone Giuseppe , Bopp Daniel 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The housefly, Musca domestica, is an excellent model system to study the diversification of the pathway that specifies the sexual fate. A number of different mechanisms have been described in the housefly, which reflects in part the broad diversity of sex-determining strategies used in insects. In this study we present the molecular identification and characterization of F, which acts as the master switch in the housefly pathway. We provide evidence that F corresponds to the transformer ortholog in Musca (Mdtra), which, as a result of alternative processing, expresses functional products only in individuals committed to the female fate. We demonstrate that, once activated, a self-sustaining feedback loop will maintain the female-promoting functions of Mdtra. Absence of Mdtra transcripts in eggs of Arrhenogenic (Ag) mutant females suggests that maternally deployed Mdtra activity initiates this self-sustaining loop in the zygote. When an M factor is paternally transmitted to the zygote, the establishment of the loop is prevented at an early stage before cellularization and splicing of Mdtra shifts irreversibly to the male nonproductive mode. On the basis of the analysis of two mutant alleles we can explain the different sex-determining systems in the housefly largely as deviations at the level of Mdtra regulation. This plasticity in the housefly pathway may provide a suitable framework to understand the evolution of sex-determining mechanisms in other insect species. For instance, while sex determination in a close relative, the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans, differs at the level of the instructive signal, we find that its tra ortholog, Gmtra, is regulated in a mode similar to that of Mdtra.
“Hypothesis of Seven Balances”: Molecular Mechanisms behind Alcoholic Liver Diseases and Association with PPARα
Authors: Moriya Takashi , Naito Hisao , Ito Yuki , Nakajima Tamie 
Published: October 2009

“Hypothesis of Seven Balances”: Molecular Mechanisms behind Alcoholic Liver Diseases and Association with PPARα: Takashi Moriya,et al. Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of MedicineObjectivesThe purpose of this review to collate current leading scientific advances of molecular mechanisms in alcoholic liver diseases and to propose a working “hypothesis of seven balances” in relation to peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα), which has important roles in fatty acid oxidation, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and possibly liver fibrosis.MethodsWe conducted an extensive literature review of over a hundred publications and collated the findings with evidence generated in our laboratory.ResultsOur research points to a working hypothesis of seven balances for alcoholic liver diseases consisting of: 1) ethanol oxidation balance in hepatocytes; 2) PPARα activities in liver; 3) fatty acid metabolism balance in hepatic mitochondria; 4) gastrointestinal response to ethanol, acetaldehyde and lipopolysaccharide (LPS); 5) Kupffer cells response to LPS, oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines; 6) adiponectin levels in plasma interchangeably regulated by tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α); and 7) stellate cells response to all of the above promoting hepatic fibrosis. Cellular mechanisms behind alcoholic liver diseases reveal close temporal associations of PPARα, adiponectin, TNF‐α, cellular inflammation, proliferation, and potentially fibrosis as illustrated in “the hypothesis of seven balances.”ConclusionsThe regulation and adjustment of PPARα activation underlying the balance of molecular cascades might resolve the progression of alcoholic liver diseases by reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory effects induced by nuclear factor‐κB as well as the associated adiponectin pathway. Further elucidation of these pathways would reveal exciting new prospects for treating alcoholic liver diseases and other related liver disorders.
Outdoor Workers' Perceptions of the Risks of Excess Sun‐Exposure
Authors: McCool Judith P. , Reeder Anthony I. , Robinson Elizabeth M. , Petrie Keith J. , Gorman Des F. 
Published: October 2009

Outdoor Workers' Perceptions of the Risks of Excess Sun‐Exposure: Judith P. McCool, et al. School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New ZealandObjectivesTo describe the pattern of associations with sunscreen use of sun protection attitudes and knowledge in a large sample of New Zealand outdoor workers. We also examined the relationship between perceived skin type and perceived risk of developing skin cancer.MethodsOutdoor workers from nine occupational groups (n=1,131) completed a questionnaire, which included measures of skin cancer related risk perceptions, knowledge and sunscreen use.ResultsSunscreen use was associated with perceived prioritization of sun‐protection, concern about sun‐exposure, knowledge about the effects of sun‐exposure and perceived supportive workplace culture. These variables accounted for 37% of the variation in sunscreen use. Maori, younger workers and forestry workers least likely to report sunscreen use and sun‐exposure risk perception.ConclusionsInterventions that strengthen knowledge about risks and values of sun protection are likely to increase sun protection efforts. However, interventions for outdoor workers need to take into account potential socio‐demographic, personal and workplace influences are required to prevent the risk of developing non‐melanoma skin cancers within this population group.
Coping Skills Training to Reduce Psychosocial Risk Factors for Medical Disorders: A Field Trial Evaluating Effectiveness in Multiple Worksites
Authors: Williams Virginia P. , Brenner Sharon L. , Helms Michael J. , Williams Redford B. 
Published: October 2009

Coping Skills Training to Reduce Psychosocial Risk Factors for Medical Disorders: A Field Trial Evaluating Effectiveness in Multiple Worksites: Virginia P. Williams, et al. Williams LifeSkills, Inc., USAObjectiveTo determine whether a commercial coping skills training program shown to reduce psychosocial risk factors in randomized clinical trials of patients with coronary heart disease is also effective in achieving similar improvements among stressed workers in a real world corporate setting.MethodsConduct an observational trial to evaluate the impact of the Williams LifeSkillsR Workshop on depression, social support, anxiety, and hostility in a sample of 110 employees working at multiple U.S. sites of a client of Williams LifeSkills, Inc.ResultsAll psychosocial risk factors showed highly significant improvements from pre‐ to post‐training. Except for social support, these improvements were maintained at six months follow‐up.ConclusionsThese findings provide support for the effectiveness of the Williams LifeSkillsR Workshop by suggesting that its efficacy, as demonstrated in randomized clinical trials, generalizes to real world settings like the multiple U.S. work sites of a corporate client.
Occupational Exposure Levels of Bisphenol A among Chinese Workers
Authors: He Yonghua , Miao Maohua , Wu Chunhua , Yuan Wei , Gao Ersheng , Zhou Zhijun , Li De‐Kun 
Published: October 2009

Occupational Exposure Levels of Bisphenol A among Chinese Workers: Yonghua He, et al. School of Public Health/WHO Collaborating Center for Occupational Health, Fudan University, PR ChinaObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess ambient Bisphenol A (BPA) levels in workplaces and urine BPA levels of workers.MethodsWorkers in epoxy resin and BPA manufacturing factories were recruited. Personal samples for airborne BPA were taken in the workshops and spot urine samples were collected from workers before and after their shifts. The samples were assayed with high‐performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector. TWA 8 of airborne PBA in the workplaces and biological BPA burden of the workers were calculated. Correlations between the external and the internal exposure levels were sought.ResultsWorkers from the factories were occupationally exposed to BPA at median personal airborne levels of 6.67 µg/m3(or at the mean of 450 µg/m3). More than 90% of the workers who were occupationally exposed to BPA had detectable BPA levels in their blood samples. The medians of creatinine‐adjusted urinary BPA levels were 84.6 µg/g Cr and 111 µg/g Cr pre‐ and post‐shift (means of 4,630 µg/g Cr and 5,400 µg/g Cr), respectively. The urinary BPA concentration post‐shift was significantly associated with the urinary BPA level pre‐shift and personal airborne BPA levels.ConclusionsIt was indicated that workers in epoxy resin and BPA manufacturing factories are occupationally exposed to BPA at high levels. There is an urgent need to create occupational standards and take effective preventive measures to protect workers from the potential adverse effects of BPA.