bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the morphology of the worker immatures of the leafcutter ant Atta sexdens linnaeus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Solis Daniel Russ , Fox Eduardo Gonçalves Paterson , Ceccato Marcela , Reiss Itamar Cristina , Décio Pâmela , Lorenzon Natalia , Da Silva Natiele Gonçalves , Bueno Odair Correa 
Published: March 2012

AbstractLeafcutter ants of the genus Atta Fabricius are serious agricultural pests. Morphological studies of immature stages within this group are few, and the data provided for species of considerable importance are usually incomplete. In this study, the immatures of Atta sexdens Linnaeus are described and compared using light and scanning electron microscopy. Only specimens from founding stage colonies (i.e., lacking adult workers) were used. The existence of four larval instars was estimated by a frequency plot of maximum head widths, and the larvae of different instars differed from each other mainly by their bodily dimensions. Worker larvae belonged to two distinct morphological castes: (1) gardeners and nurses and (2) within‐nest generalists. The worker larvae described in this study differed from a previous description of the same species by the following traits: the existence of a genal lobe, the number of clypeal hairs, the presence of two hairs on the ninth abdominal somite, the presence of hairs on the anterior surface of the labrum, and the shape of the maxillary palpus. This study provides a comparative analysis of immature stages of A. sexdens that may be relevant to future morphological and biological studies of the Attini. Microsc. Res. Tech. 75:1059–1065, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ultrastructural evaluation of enamel after dental bleaching associated with fluoride
Authors: Dominguez John A. , Bittencourt Bruna , Michel Milton , Sabino Nilson , Gomes João Carlos , Gomes Osnara M. M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects on human enamel after two bleaching procedures: with a fluoridated bleaching agent and with topical fluoride application postbleaching. It used 43 enamel blocks (3 mm2) that were ground flat (600–2,000 grit) and polished with polishing paste (one and one‐fourth). Specimens were randomly divided into three groups according to the bleaching procedure: (1) control group, (2) hydrogen peroxide 35% (HPF) and topical application of fluoride 1.23%, and (3) HP 38% (OP) with fluoride in its composition. Bleaching agents were used according to the manufacturer's instructions. Three methodologies were used: nanoindentation, to observe surface hardness and elastic modulus; atomic force microscopy, to observe surface roughness (Ra − Rz); and scanning electron microscopy, to observe the enamel surface effects. Group OP had a decrease in the elastic modulus after bleaching, which was recovered at 14 days. An increased roughness (Ra; 32%) was observed on group HPF and had an increased erosion on enamel surface (67%). It was concluded that topical application of fluoride, after using the nonfluoridated whitening agent, increased the roughness values and erosion of enamel. Microsc. Res. Tech. 75:1093–1098, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ultrastructural analysis of the root canal walls after simultaneous irrigation of different sodium hypochlorite concentration and 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate
Authors: Gasic Jovanka , Popovic Jelena , Živković Slavoljub , Petrovic Aleksandar , Barac Radomir , Nikolic Marija 
Published: March 2012

AbstractTo determine whether sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) with 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) leads to colour change and precipitate formation, and to ultrastructurally analyse the dentine surface after simultaneous irrigation with 0.5% NaOCl and 0.2% CHX. Four tubes in which 5ml of different NaOCl concentrations and 5ml 0,2% CHX were placed, were observed every 15 minutes in the first two hours and after 7 days. Mixture solutions were centrifuged at 800 rpm/4 min. A precipitate is observed under light‐microscopy. Thirty‐five single‐rooted teeth were instrumented using crown‐down technique with irrigation: Positive control: distilled water, Negative control: 0,5% NaOCl+15% EDTA, Experimental group: identical to the negative control, then canals were treated with 0.5% NaOCl+0.2% CHX. The longitudinal root sections were observed under scanning‐electron‐microscopy. The amount of debris was assessed with 5/score‐system, and the results were analysed using the Mann‐Whitney U test (p < 0.001). Change in colour was noticed immediately after the merger and it did not change with time. Mixture solutions showed considerable turbidity, but precipitate was observed only after centrifugation. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in the dentinal wall purity when comparing the cervical and middle root canal thirds between the experimental and negative control group. The difference was also observed between the cervical and middle thirds compared to the apical third of the root canal within these groups. Interaction between NaOCl and CHX, as well as the creation of precipitates, depends not only on the concentration of NaOCl, but also on the concentration of CHX. Microsc. Res. Tech. 75:1099–1103, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of a multimodel‐based seasonal prediction system for extreme droughts and floods: a case study for South Korea
Authors: Sohn Soo‐Jin , Tam Chi‐Yung , Ahn Joong‐Bae 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAn experimental, district‐level system was developed to forecast droughts and floods over South Korea to properly represent local precipitation extremes. The system is based on the Asia‐Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Climate Center (APCC) multimodel ensemble (MME) seasonal prediction products. Three‐month lead precipitation forecasts for 60 stations in South Korea for the season of March to May are first obtained from the coarse‐scale MME prediction using statistical downscaling. Owing to the relatively small variance of the MME and regression‐based downscaling outputs, the downscaled MME (DMME) products need to be subsequently inflated. The final station‐scale precipitation predictions are then used to produce drought and flood forecasts on the basis of the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI).The performance of three different inflation schemes was also assessed. Of these three schemes, the method that simply rescales the variance of predicted rainfall to that based on climate records, irrespective of the prediction skill or the DMME variance itself at a particular station, gives the best overall improvement in the SPI predictions. However, systematic biases in the prediction system cannot be removed by variance inflation. This implies that DMME techniques must be further improved to correct the bias in extreme drought/flood predictions. Overall, it is seen that DMME, in conjunction with variance inflation, can predict hydrological extremes with reasonable skill. Our results could inform the development of a reliable early warning system for droughts and floods, which is invaluable to policy makers and stakeholders in agricultural and water management sectors, and so forth and is important for mitigation and adaptation measures. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Role of sentinel lymphadenectomy in thin cutaneous melanomas with positive deep margins on initial biopsy
Authors: Koshenkov Vadim P. , Shulkin Daniel , Bustami Rami , Chevinsky Aaron H. , Whitman Eric D. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIntroductionBreslow thickness (BRES) on initial melanoma biopsy determines need for sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy. In presence of positive deep margins, BRES is indeterminate. We hypothesized that thin (BRES <0.76 mm) melanomas with positive deep margins and thicker melanomas (BRES 0.76–2.0 mm) have statistically similar risk of SLN metastasis.MethodsRetrospective review was performed of adult patients undergoing wide excision plus SLN biopsy for melanoma from 01/2004 to 05/2010. Group 1 (BRES <0.76mm and positive deep margins) was compared to Group 2 (BRES 0.76–2.0 mm, regardless of margin status). Primary outcome was presence of SLN metastasis.Results260 patients were eligible, 72 (28%) in Group 1 and 188 (72%) in Group 2. Average age was 57 years, with 120 (46%) females. SLNs were positive in 6/72 (8.3%) patients in Group 1 and 17/188 (9.0%) patients in Group 2 (P = 0.86). The two groups were not statistically different by multivariate analysis (P = 0.49). In multivariate model, Clark's level IV (P = 0.009) was only predictive factor of SLN metastasis.ConclusionsMelanoma patients with thin BRES but positive deep margins carry risk of SLN metastasis similar to patients with thicker melanomas. Positive deep margins should be considered in decision to perform SLN biopsy. Clark's level IV was significantly associated with SLN metastasis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:363–368. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High expression of CX3CL1 by tumor cells correlates with a good prognosis and increased tumor‐infiltrating CD8+ T cells, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells in breast carcinoma
Authors: Park Min Ho , Lee Ji Shin , Yoon Jung Han 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundCX3CL1 is the only CX3C chemokine that can chemoattract T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and dendritic cells (DCs). The role of CX3CL1 in breast carcinoma remains unknown.MethodsImmunohistochemical staining for CX3CL1, CD8, CD57, and CD1a was performed on 204 breast carcinoma specimens using tissue microarray blocks to determine whether CX3CL1 expression correlated with a good prognosis and antitumor immunity.ResultsThe number of stromal CD8+ T cells, intratumoral CD1a+ DCs, and stromal CD57+ NK cells were significantly increased in the high CX3CL1 expression group compared with those in the low CX3CL1expression group. Patients with high CX3CL1 expression had a significantly better disease‐free and overall survival than those with low CX3CL1 expression (P = 0.002 and P < 0.001, respectively). CX3CL1 expression was identified as one of the independent prognostic factors for disease‐free and overall survival (P = 0.046 and P = 0.010, respectively).ConclusionThe expression of CX3CL1 by tumor cells appears to enhance the recruitment of CD8+ T cells, CD57+ NK cells, and CD1a+ DCs, thereby bringing about a better prognosis in breast carcinoma. CX3CL1 is a new prognostic biomarker and may be a novel candidate for development of a more effective therapeutic strategy for breast carcinoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:386–392. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exploiting Thermoresponsive Polymers to Modulate Lipophilicity: Interactions With Model Membranes
Authors: Saaka Yussif , Deller Robert C. , Rodger Alison , Gibson Matthew I. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractUpon heating above their lower critical solution temperature (LCST) poly[oligo(ethyleneglycol)methacrylate]s (POEGMA) were shown to undergo a shift in their partition coefficient triggering aqueous to organic phase transfer, which indicated their potential to partition into cell membranes upon application of an external stimulus. Fluorescence‐based assays indicated that the LCST transition did not induce lysis of model phospholipid vesicles but did promote fusion, as confirmed by dynamic light scattering. Membrane perturbation assays and linear dichroism spectroscopy investigations suggest that POEGMAs above their transition temperatures can interact with, or insert into, membranes. These findings will help develop the application of responsive polymers in drug delivery.
Protein‐based stable isotope probing (protein‐SIP) in functional metaproteomics
Authors: Seifert Jana , Taubert Martin , Jehmlich Nico , Schmidt Frank , Völker Uwe , Vogt Carsten , Richnow Hans‐Hermann , von Bergen Martin 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe community phenotype as the sum of molecular functions of organisms living in consortia strongly depends on interactions within these communities. Therefore, the analyses of the most significant molecules in terms of the phenotype, the proteins, have to be performed on samples without disrupting the meta‐species environment. Due to the increasing genomic information, proteins provide insights into a potential molecular function and the phylogenetic structure of the community. Unfortunately, the lists of identified proteins are often based first on the technical capacity of the used methods or instruments, and second on the interpretation of them by the assignment of molecular functions to proteins in databases. Especially in non‐model organisms the functions of many proteins are often not known and an increasing number of studies indicate a significant amount of uncertainty. To decrease the dependency on assumptions and to enable functional insights by metaproteome approaches, the metabolic labeling from an isotopically labeled substrate can be used. Since the metabolites deriving from the substrate are very rarely species‐specific, the incorporation of the stable isotope into proteins can be used as a surrogate marker for metabolic activity. The degree of incorporation can be determined accurately on the peptide level by mass spectrometry; additionally, the peptide sequence provides information on the metabolic active species. Thereby, protein‐stable isotope probing (protein‐SIP) adds functional information to metaproteome approaches. The classical metaproteome approaches will be reviewed with an emphasis on their attempts towards functional interpretation. The gain from functional insights into metaproteomics by using metabolic labeling of stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur is reviewed with a focus on the techniques of measurement, calculation of incorporation and data processing. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 31:683–697, 2012
Do we always prioritize balance when walking? Towards an integrated model of task prioritization
Authors: Yogev‐Seligmann Galit , Hausdorff Jeffrey M. , Giladi Nir 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPrevious studies suggest that strategies such as “posture first” are implicitly employed to regulate safety when healthy adults walk while simultaneously performing another task, whereas “posture second” may be inappropriately applied in the presence of neurological disease. However, recent understandings raise questions about the traditional resource allocation concept during walking while dual tasking. We propose a task prioritization model of walking while dual tasking that integrates motor and cognitive capabilities, focusing on postural reserve, hazard estimation, and other individual intrinsic factors. The proposed prioritization model provides a theoretical foundation for future studies and a framework for the development of interventions designed to reduce the profound negative impacts of dual tasking on gait and fall risk in patients with neurological diseases. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Increased levels of 5‐HT1A receptor binding in ventral visual pathways in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Huot Philippe , Johnston Tom H. , Visanji Naomi P. , Darr Tayyeba , Pires Donna , Hazrati Lili‐Naz , Brotchie Jonathan M. , Fox Susan H. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractVisual hallucinations are common in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). The pathophysiology of visual hallucinations may involve enhanced serotonergic neurotransmission. The atypical antipsychotics clozapine and quetiapine, which have affinity for 5‐HT2A and 5‐HT1A receptors, are effective against visual hallucinations in PD. 5‐HT2A receptors are increased in ventral visual pathways in PD patients with visual hallucinations, and we hypothesized that 5‐HT1A receptors were also involved in visual hallucinations in PD. Autoradiographic binding using [3H]‐WAY‐100,635 and NAN‐190 was performed in brain sections from 6 PD patients with visual hallucinations, 6 PD patients without visual hallucinations, and 5 age‐matched controls. All PD subjects had been treated with L‐dopa. Brain areas studied were the orbitofrontal, inferolateral temporal, and motor cortices, as well as the striatum, globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and thalamus. 5‐HT1A‐binding levels were dramatically increased in the ventral visual pathways of all PD patients compared with controls (0 vs 11 and 0 vs 100 nmol/mg, respectively; both P < .05). There was no significant difference in 5‐HT1A‐binding levels in PD patients with visual hallucinations compared with PD patients without visual hallucinations or with controls in any of the brain areas studied (P > .05). Gross abnormalities in 5‐HT1A levels in ventral visual areas occurred in all PD patients exposed to L‐dopa. However, as there was no difference in 5‐HT1A‐binding levels between hallucinators and nonhallucinators, alterations in 5‐HT1A receptor levels may not contribute specifically to visual hallucinations in PD. However, the discrete anatomical distribution of rises to the ventral visual areas suggests some role in predisposing to visual hallucinations. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Is overactive bladder in children and adults the same condition?: ICI‐RS 2011
Authors: Salvatore Stefano , Serati Maurizio , Origoni Massimo , Candiani Massimo 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAimTo report the debate on the relationship between overactive bladder (OAB) in children and adults during the ICI‐RS meeting in 2010.MethodsLiterature supporting or being against the theory that OAB in children and adults represents the same condition has been reviewed and debated.ResultsGrowing evidence is showing a strong link between urinary symptoms in childhood, such as nocturnal enuresis (NE) and OAB symptoms, and OAB in adulthood. Behavioral and environmental factors may have an important role in predisposed subjects. Studies on familial and genetic factors have been reported.ConclusionIt might be inappropriate to state that OAB in children and adults represents the same condition. However, epidemiological and genetic findings demonstrate a strong link between OAB symptoms in these two different ages of life. Predisposing factors and behavioral and/or environmental elements may lead to OAB occurrence in adults. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:349–351, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pictures of me: user views on their representation in homelessness fundraising appeals
Authors: Breeze Beth , Dean Jon 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThere is a long‐standing ethical debate regarding the ‘right’ representation of recipients in charity marketing materials that are intended to accurately define and represent social problems whilst also prompting the maximum response in voluntary income. The study presented in this article makes a contribution to that debate by highlighting the views of charity beneficiaries regarding their representation in fundraising campaigns. Drawing on data from five focus groups conducted in cities across England, we explore the views of young homeless people regarding the images of homelessness that appeared in major charity campaigns aimed at raising money to fund homelessness services. Participants displayed a high level of reflexivity, demonstrating that they understood the issues involved with homelessness and the perceptions of people like themselves that exist in the public sphere and in the consciousness of potential donors. Although the participants held the view that maximising revenues through the use of simple, eye‐catching images is the prime goal of fundraising, they also expressed a desire for more nuanced campaigns that tell the dynamic stories of how people become homeless and the use of imagery that elicits empathy rather than merely arouses sympathy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of intersubband optical transitions on the electrical properties of InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot solar cells
Authors: Jolley Greg , Fu Lan , Lu Hao Feng , Tan Hark Hoe , Jagadish Chennupati 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTWe report on an experimental study of the intersubband optical response of an In0.5Ga0.5As/GaAs quantum dot solar cell (QDSC). By calculating the quantum dot absorption cross section, the strength of the intersubband optical transitions is gauged, and their importance and influence on the electrical properties of the solar cell can be compared with those of other physical processes such as thermal intersubband and optical interband transitions. The temperature‐dependent photocurrent and dark current characteristics of the QDSC have also been analyzed in detail, leading to an understanding of the specific effects reducing the open‐circuit voltage. The deviation of QDSCs from idealized models is discussed, and some conditions required for an improved open‐circuit voltage are suggested. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Body image predicts quality of life in men with prostate cancer
Authors: Taylor‐Ford Megan , Meyerowitz Beth E. , D'Orazio Lina M. , Christie Kysa M. , Gross Mitchell E. , Agus David B. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectiveMost men diagnosed with prostate cancer in the USA will survive. Of the many aspects of survivorship affected by prostate cancer, body image receives limited attention despite some indication that it may be important to men with the disease. The present study investigated how body image changes over time and the relations between changes in body image and quality of life (QOL) in men with prostate cancer.MethodsIn a longitudinal design, patients (N = 74) completed questionnaires before treatment (T1) and at 1 month (T2) and 2 years (T3) following treatment completion.ResultsGrowth curve modeling indicated that there was no significant change over time in group‐level body image scores. However, hormone treatment was associated with a negative trajectory of change over 2 years. Also, analysis of individual difference scores indicated that ≥50% of patients demonstrated change of at least 0.5 standard deviation between time points. Hierarchical regression indicated that change in body image between T1 and T2 was significantly associated with change in QOL between T1 and T3, while controlling for demographic variables, treatment, treatment‐related functioning, and general and treatment‐specific positive expectations. In predicting change in body image between T1 and T2, treatment‐specific positive expectation was the only significant predictor.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates that body image is an important component of the prostate cancer experience. Findings suggest that body image has a meaningful association with QOL among prostate cancer survivors.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.