bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corneal Ablation Depth Readout of the MEL 80 Excimer Laser Compared to Artemis Three-Dimensional Very High-Frequency Digital Ultrasound Stromal Measurements
Authors: Reinstein Dan Z. , Archer Timothy J. , Gobbe Marine 
Published: February 2010

Purpose:
To evaluate the accuracy of the ablation depth readout for the MEL 80 excimer laser (Carl Zeiss Meditec).

Methods:
Artemis 1 very high-frequency digital ultrasound measurements were obtained before and at least 3 months after LASIK in 121 eyes (65 patients). The Artemis-measured ablation depth was calculated as the maximum difference in stromal thickness before and after treatment. Laser in situ keratomileusis was performed using the MEL 80 excimer laser and the Hansatome microkeratome (Bausch & Lomb). The Aberration Smart Ablation profile was used in 56 eyes and the Tissue Saving Ablation profile was used in 65 eyes. All ablations were centered on the corneal vertex. Comparative statistics and linear regression analysis were performed between the laser readout ablation depth and Artemis-measured ablation depth.

Results:

The mean maximum myopic meridian was −6.66±2.40 diopters (D) (range: −1.50 to −10.00 D) for Aberration Smart Ablation-treated eyes and −6.50±2.56 D (range: −1.34 to −11.50 D) for Tissue Saving Ablation-treated eyes. The MEL 80 readout was found to overestimate the Artemis-measured ablation depth by 20±12
μ
m for Aberration Smart Ablation and by 21±12
μ
m for Tissue Saving Ablation profiles.

Conclusions:
The accuracy of ablation depth measurement was improved by using the Artemis stromal thickness profile measurements before and after surgery to exclude epithelial changes. The MEL 80 readout was found to overestimate the achieved ablation depth. The linear regression equations could be used by MEL 80 users to adjust the ablation depth for predicted residual stromal thickness calculations without increasing the risk of ectasia due to excessive keratectomy depth as long as a suitable flap thickness bias is included.
Mechanism of Action of the Tetraflex Accommodative Intraocular Lens
Authors: Wolffsohn James S. , Davies Leon N. , Gupta Navneet , Naroo Shehzad A. , Gibson George A. , Mihashi Toshifumi , Shah Sunil 
Published: February 2010

Purpose:
To investigate the mechanism of action of the Tetraflex (Lenstec Kellen KH-3500) accommodative intraocular lens (IOL).

Methods:
Thirteen eyes of eight patients implanted with the Tetraflex accommodating IOL for at least 2 years underwent assessment of their objective amplitude-of-accommodation by autorefraction, anterior chamber depth and pupil size with optical coherence tomography, and IOL flexure with aberrometry, each viewing a target at 0.0 to 4.00 diopters of accommodative demand.

Results:
Pupil size decreased by 0.62±0.41 mm on increasing accommodative demand, but the Tetraflex IOL was relatively fixed in position within the eye. The ocular aberrations of the eye changed with increased accommodative demand, but not in a consistent manner among individuals. Those aberrations that appeared to be most affected were defocus, vertical primary and secondary astigmatism, vertical coma, horizontal and vertical primary and secondary trefoil, and spherical aberration.

Conclusions:
Some of the reported near vision benefits of the Tetraflex accommodating IOL appear to be due to changes in the optical aberrations because of the flexure of the IOL on accommodative effort rather than forward movement within the capsular bag.
Optical and Topographic Changes in Keratoconus After Implantation of Ferrara Intracorneal Ring Segments
Authors: Hamdi Islam Mahmoud 
Published: February 2010

Purpose:
To assess the morphological, optical, and visual properties of the cornea before and after implantation of Ferrara intracorneal ring segments (ICRS) and compare them to normal values.

Methods:
Thirty-seven keratoconic eyes were implanted with Ferrara ICRS and compared pre- and postoperatively with 38 non-keratoconic (normal) eyes. Examinations were performed using the NIDEK Optical Path Difference (OPD)-Scan II and analyzed using OPD-Station software. Keratometric data were assessed, in addition to OPD, Zernike coefficients, point spread function (PSF), and modulation transfer function (MTF).

Results:

Considering correlations, the central 3 mm cornea was found responsible for the low quality vision in keratoconus (
P
<.01). After implantation of Ferrara ICRS, all keratometric parameters improved significantly. Optical path difference also improved. Except for tilt and other lower order Zernike coefficients, higher order aberrations, PSF, and MTF did not change. The effect of flattening is greater at the central 3 mm, but the para-central changes are responsible for the residual defects (ie, incomplete improvements of high optical and visual functions).

Conclusions:
Ferrara ICRS improve topographic and visual results in keratoconic eyes.
Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in Patients With Retinitis Pigmentosa and Low Visual Acuity
Authors: Grigoropoulos Vlassis G. , Emfietzoglou John , Nikolaidis Pantelis , Chatzistefanou Klio , Vergados John , Theodossiadis George P. , Theodossiadis Panagiotis G. 
Published: February 2010

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To study the morphological features of the macula of patients with retinitis pigmentosa and visual acuities of 20/200 or less as examined by optical coherence tomography.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
In an observational case series study, 42 eyes (21 patients) with retinitis pigmentosa and visual acuities of 20/200 or less were evaluated by optical coherence tomography.

RESULTS:
Thirty-four (81%) eyes had atrophic retina (group 1) and 8 (19%) eyes had cystoid macular edema (group 2). The mean visual acuity was 20/1000 in group 1 and 20/300 in group 2. Epiretinal membrane was identified in 27 (64.3%) eyes.

CONCLUSION:
Optical coherence tomography is a more sensitive method in detecting macular pathology and can help in selecting cases where treatment may be applied.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2010;41:35–39.]
Retinopathy of Prematurity in Very Low Birth Weight Infants and the Potential Protective Role of Indomethacin
Authors: Goldman Ran D. , Spierer Abraham , Zhurkovsky Alexander , Kwint Jacob , Schwarcz Monica , Ben Simon Guy J. 
Published: February 2010

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To describe clinical features of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants and examine the effect of indomethacin on the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Medical records of all VLBW infants over a 4-year period were reviewed. Data regarding systemic and ophthalmic examinations were analyzed.

RESULTS:
Forty-seven infants with ROP were evaluated. Most infants had bilateral stage 1 or 2 disease extending 5 clock hours. Infants with ROP had younger mean gestational age, had lower gestational weight, and demonstrated higher incidence of diseases of prematurity. These infants were exposed to increased doses of surfactant and higher oxygen concentration for a prolonged duration given their immature pulmonary status. Independent predictors of ROP susceptibility also included length of hospitalization and Apgar score at 5 minutes. Patent ductus arteriosus was more common among infants with ROP. Approximately half of the infants who received one or two doses of indomethacin had ROP, but the ROP rate was decreased in infants who received three doses.

CONCLUSION:
Premature infants with younger gestational age, lower gestational weight, and severe morbidities were found to have an increased prevalence of ROP. Indomethacin treatment for patent ductus arteriosus may have a protective role in the development of severe ROP.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2010;41:41–47.]
Stability of 35-mm Scanners as Used in Ophthalmologic Research
Authors: Jensen Karl , Lee Kristine E. , Knudtson Michael D. , Klein Ronald , Klein Barbara E. K. 
Published: February 2010

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To assess the consistency of digitization of 35-mm slides as practiced in ophthalmologic research and estimate the impact of variation on semi-automated retinal vessel width measurements.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A single retina slide was repeatedly digitized under various conditions on three scanner models. Average color levels were extracted from the resulting images, from which vessel widths were graded. The color channel level variations and possible correlation with width were analyzed.

RESULTS:

The Nikon 5000 scanner (Nikon Corp., Tokyo, Japan) had average coefficients of variation of 0.4, 2.3, and 0.5 for the red, green, and blue channel levels across all runs. The
P
values of the correlation between the red, green, and blue color channel levels and the width of the large retinal arteriole were .89, .27, and .58, respectively.

CONCLUSION:
The results suggest that the tested scanners digitize the 35-mm slides in a reliable manner without biasing the retinal vessel measurements.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2010;41:60–66.]
Ghost Cell Glaucoma After Intravitreal Bevacizumab for Postoperative Vitreous Hemorrhage Following Vitrectomy for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Liu Laura , Wu Wei-Chi , Yeung Ling , Wang Nan-Kai , Kuo Ya-Hui , Chao An-Ning , Chen Kuan-Jen , Chen Tun-Lu , Lai Chi-Chun , Hwang Yih-Shiou , Chen Yen-Po 
Published: February 2010

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To report the occurrence of ghost cell glaucoma after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab for the treatment of postoperative vitreous hemorrhage after vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Retrospective chart review from August 2006 to December 2007. Patients who had postoperative vitreous hemorrhage after vitrectomy for PDR and received an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab were enrolled in the study.

RESULTS:
Eight eyes of 8 patients (mean age: 46 years) were included. After intravitreal injection of bevacizumab, 4 (50%) eyes had clearance of vitreous hemorrhage. Three eyes developed ghost cell glaucoma within 1 week after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. Of these, intraocular pressure was controlled in 1 eye through the use of anti-glaucoma medication, whereas the other 2 eyes needed surgical intervention to lower intraocular pressure and subsequently clear the vitreous hemorrhage.

CONCLUSION:
Intravitreal injection of bevacizumab may accelerate the clearance of postoperative vitreous hemorrhage in cases of PDR. However, a high incidence of ghost cell glaucoma was observed. Caution should be exercised when administering an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab for a postoperative vitreous hemorrhage after vitrectomy for PDR.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2010;41:72–77.]
Characteristics of Optic Nerve Head Drusen on Optical Coherence Tomography Images
Authors: Wester Sara Tullis , Fantes Francisco E. , Lam Byron L. , Anderson Douglas R. , McSoley John J. , Knighton Robert W. 
Published: February 2010

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To describe the characteristics of optic nerve head drusen in optical coherence tomography (OCT) images.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Cross-sectional images of the optic nerve were obtained in seven patients with optic nerve head drusen with Stratus and spectral-domain OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA). These were compared to optic disc photographs, autofluorescence, and echography images. For comparison, these tests were performed on four patients with papilledema and three patients with small optic discs.

RESULTS:
Optic nerve head drusen typically elevated the disc surface and appeared as an optically empty cavity, sometimes with a perceptible reflection from the posterior surface. The disc surface was also elevated in cases of papilledema, but had a strong anterior reflectance behind which there was no visible structure. The surface of the small optic nerves was slightly elevated, but with less anterior reflectance.

CONCLUSION:
Optic nerves with drusen showed features in these OCT images that were distinct from cases of papilledema or small optic discs.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2010;41:83–90.]
The Impact of Anti-Inflammatory Therapy on Intraocular Pressure Reduction Following Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty
Authors: Realini Tony , Charlton Judie , Hettlinger Marc 
Published: February 2010

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To determine whether the use of postoperative topical anti-inflammatory therapy affects the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering efficacy of selective laser trabeculoplasty in eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
In this prospective, randomized, observer-masked study, 25 participants with primary open-angle glaucoma following bilateral 360° selective laser trabeculoplasty used prednisolone acetate 1% four times daily in one randomly selected eye for 1 week. IOP was assessed at baseline and 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after selective laser trabeculoplasty.

RESULTS:

Baseline IOP and selective laser trabeculoplasty treatment parameters were comparable in both groups. Mean IOP was similar in eyes that did and did not receive steroid therapy at 1 week (17.0 vs 16.3 mm Hg, respectively,
P
= .613), 1 month (16.8 vs 16.2 mm Hg, respectively;
P
= .571), and 3 months (16.0 vs 15.8 mm Hg, respectively;
P
= .819).

CONCLUSION:
A 1-week course of topical prednisolone acetate 1% four times daily did not affect the IOP-lowering effect of selective laser trabeculoplasty in eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2010;41:100–103.]
Sindbis Virus: Propagation, Quantification, and Storage
Authors: Hernandez Raquel , Sinodis Christine , Brown Dennis T. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe prototype of the Alphaviruses, Sindbis virus, has a broad host range. In nature, Sindbis virus shuttles from an insect vector to a vertebrate host and back to the insect vector in a complex transmission cycle. Sindbis virus must, therefore, be able to replicate in two biochemically and genetically divergent hosts, invertebrates and vertebrates. In the laboratory, Sindbis grows to high titers in a large variety of cultured cells of both vertebrate and invertebrate origin. Sindbis virus is easily titered for infectivity on several mammalian cell lines as well as certain mosquito cells. Full‐length cDNA clones of several strains of Sindbis virus are available from which infectious RNA can be synthesized, making possible the genetic manipulation of the virus. Transfection of mammalian and insect cells by electroporation has facilitated expression of RNA mutants in the cell lines of choice. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 16:15B.1.1‐15B.1.41. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Characterization of the In Vitro Activity of Novel Lipoglycopeptide Antibiotics
Authors: Arhin Francis F. , Belley Adam , McKay Geoffrey A. , Moeck Gregory 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance in human pathogens is of significant concern. Resistance to the widely‐used and highly effective glycopeptide antibacterial agent vancomycin, which has been in clinical use for over half a century, has emerged in staphylococci and enterococci. This has spurred the development of newer glycopeptide agents, some of which show activity against vancomycin‐resistant organisms. The newer agents currently being developed contain lipophilic side‐chains, which distinguish them from vancomycin; as such, they are categorized as lipoglycopeptides. Oritavancin, telavancin, and dalbavancin are lipoglycopeptides in late‐stage development to combat Gram‐positive bacteria including methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin‐resistant enterococci. This unit describes methods that may be used to assess the in vitro activities of lipoglycopeptides. The methods include susceptibility assays, time‐kill and time‐kill‐synergy assays, inhibition of synthesis of macromolecules, membrane perturbation assays, and measurement of activity against biofilms. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 16:17.1.1‐17.1.22. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Electric field controlled electrospray deposition for precise particle pattern and cell pattern formation
Authors: Xie Jingwei , Rezvanpour Alireza , Wang Chi‐Hwa , Hua Jinsong 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPhotolithography, soft lithography, and ink jetting have been used for automated micropattern fabrication. However, most of the methods for microfabrication of surface pattern are limited to the investigation of material properties of substrates with high‐cost and complex procedures. In the present study, we show a simple (single‐step) yet versatile and robust approach to generate biodegradable polymeric particle patterns on a substrate using electrospray deposition through a mask. Various particle patterns including patterned dots, circles, squares, and bands can be easily formed and the features of particle patterns could also be tailored using different masks and electrostatic focusing effects. Furthermore, cell patterns can be achieved on the surface of particle patterns by blocking the areas without particle deposition on the substrate and culturing cells on the substrate. Polymeric particle patterns and cell patterns developed in this study could be used in the high throughput screening of sustained release formulations, cell‐based sensing, and drug discovery. In addition to experimental results, an analysis of the associated electric field is used to investigate quantitatively the nature of focusing effect. Scaling analysis is also applied to obtain the dominate terms in electrospray deposition process. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Validation of multi‐detector computed tomography as a non‐invasive method for measuring ovarian volume in macaques (Macaca fascicularis)
Authors: Jones Jeryl C. , Appt Susan E. , Werre Stephen R. , Tan Joshua C. , Kaplan Jay R. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to validate low radiation dose, contrast‐enhanced, multi‐detector computed tomography (MDCT) as a non‐invasive method for measuring ovarian volume in macaques. Computed tomography scans of four known‐volume phantoms and nine mature female cynomolgus macaques were acquired using a previously described, low radiation dose scanning protocol, intravenous contrast enhancement, and a 32‐slice MDCT scanner. Immediately following MDCT, ovaries were surgically removed and the ovarian weights were measured. The ovarian volumes were determined using water displacement. A veterinary radiologist who was unaware of actual volumes measured ovarian CT volumes three times, using a laptop computer, pen display tablet, hand‐traced regions of interest, and free image analysis software. A statistician selected and performed all tests comparing the actual and CT data. Ovaries were successfully located in all MDCT scans. The iliac arteries and veins, uterus, fallopian tubes, cervix, ureters, urinary bladder, rectum, and colon were also consistently visualized. Large antral follicles were detected in six ovaries. Phantom mean CT volume was 0.702±SD 0.504 cc and the mean actual volume was 0.743±SD 0.526 cc. Ovary mean CT volume was 0.258±SD 0.159 cc and mean water displacement volume was 0.257±SD 0.145 cc. For phantoms, the mean coefficient of variation for CT volumes was 2.5%. For ovaries, the least squares mean coefficient of variation for CT volumes was 5.4%. The ovarian CT volume was significantly associated with actual ovarian volume (ICC coefficient 0.79, regression coefficient 0.5, P=0.0006) and the actual ovarian weight (ICC coefficient 0.62, regression coefficient 0.6, P=0.015). There was no association between the CT volume accuracy and mean ovarian CT density (degree of intravenous contrast enhancement), and there was no proportional or fixed bias in the CT volume measurements. Findings from this study indicate that MDCT is a valid non‐invasive technique for measuring the ovarian volume in macaques. Am. J. Primatol. 72:530–538, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Crossover trial of gabapentin and memantine as treatment for acquired nystagmus
Authors: Thurtell Matthew J. , Joshi Anand C. , Leone Alice C. , Tomsak Robert L. , Kosmorsky Gregory S. , Stahl John S. , Leigh R. John 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe conducted a masked, crossover, therapeutic trial of gabapentin (1,200mg/day) versus memantine (40mg/day) for acquired nystagmus in 10 patients (aged 28–61 years; 7 female; 3 multiple sclerosis [MS]; 6 post‐stroke; 1 post‐traumatic). Nystagmus was pendular in 6 patients (4 oculopalatal tremor; 2 MS) and jerk upbeat, hemi‐seesaw, torsional, or upbeat‐diagonal in each of the others. For the group, both drugs reduced median eye speed (p < 0.001), gabapentin by 32.8% and memantine by 27.8%, and improved visual acuity (p < 0.05). Each patient improved with 1 or both drugs. Side effects included unsteadiness with gabapentin and lethargy with memantine. Both drugs should be considered as treatment for acquired forms of nystagmus. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:676–680
Polyoxometalates: Building Blocks for Functional Nanoscale Systems
Authors: Long De‐Liang , Tsunashima Ryo , Cronin Leroy 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPolyoxometalates (POMs) are a subset of metal oxides that represent a diverse range of molecular clusters with an almost unmatched range of physical properties and the ability to form dynamic structures that can range in size from the nano‐ to the micrometer scale. Herein we present the very latest developments from synthesis to structure and function of POMs. We discuss the possibilities of creating highly sophisticated functional hierarchical systems with multiple, interdependent, functionalities along with a critical analysis that allows the non‐specialist to learn the salient features. We propose and present a “periodic table of polyoxometalate building blocks”. We also highlight some of the current issues and challenges that need to be addressed to work towards the design of functional systems based upon POM building blocks and look ahead to possible emerging application areas.
Male reproductive and behavior toxicity in rats after subchronic exposure to organic extracts from Jialing River of Chongqing, China
Authors: Cui Zhihong , Liu Jinyi , Li Peng , Cao Jia 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: More than 100 species of organic chemicals have been detected in Jialing River of Chongqing City. Most of them are endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which can disrupt the functions of the reproductive and nervous systems. METHODS: Organic extracts (OE) were obtained by solid extraction from the Jialing River, and administrated to rats by gavage every other day for 13 weeks at doses of 2, 12, and 72 L/kg bw/d. Sperm abnormity was analyzed by microscopy and flow cytometry. The Morris water maze task was employed to investigate the behaviors of space probing. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were measured to detect the peroxidation response in hippocampus and testis. RESULTS: Animals in the 72‐L/kg group showed significant degeneration of germ cells in the seminiferous tubule. Sperm abnormality of the 72‐L/kg group was significantly higher than that of the solvent control group. The testis oxidative stress in the 72‐L/kg group was severer than that of the other groups. The hippocampus neuron cells in the 72‐L/kg group showed cellular edema and remarkable cell enlargement. The hippocampus oxidative stress in the 72‐L/kg group was severer and the Morris water maze performance in this group showed longer latency time and swimming distance in the probing platform than the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: OE caused pathological damage and peroxidation response to testis and hippocampus and disrupted spermatogenesis and behavior of space probing. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 89:34–42, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.