bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Completed suicide, ideation and attempt in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Impey M. , Heun R. 
Published: November 2011

Impey M, Heun R. Completed suicide, ideation and attempt in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Objective:  Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and suicidal behaviour are common conditions with significant social and emotional morbidity. Although completed suicide in ADHD has been assessed in a previous meta‐analysis, other domains of suicidal behaviour such as attempts and ideation have been documented only in individual studies. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the relationship between attention‐deficit and suicidality.Method:  Electronic and manual literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and PSYCHINFO, using a range of search terms around suicidality, attention‐deficit and hyperactivity.Results:  Twenty five papers were identified describing a relationship between ADHD and suicide. ADHD occurred more frequently in suicidal groups than controls, with most differences being statistically significant. The direction of results was consistent, with only one sample showing equivocal findings and one showing a reverse pattern. Attempts and ideation were more common in prediagnosed ADHD samples than controls. Three studies showed significant results only for men. Comorbidity had a large influence including delinquency and substance misuse.Conclusion:  There is a positive relationship between ADHD and risk to self. More focussed research needs to take place on younger populations and those without comorbidity. This review highlights the importance of thorough risk assessment in the attention‐deficit population.
Congenital malalignment of the big toe nail
Authors: Wagner Gunnar , Sachse Michael Max 
Published: November 2011

SummaryCongenital malalignment of the big toe nail is based on a lateral deviation of the nail plate. This longitudinal axis shift is due to a deviation of the nail matrix, possibly caused by increased traction of the hypertrophic extensor tendon of the hallux. Congenital malalignment of the big toe nail is typically present at birth. Ingrown toenails and onychogryphosis are among the most common complications. Depending on the degree of deviation, conservative or surgical treatment may be recommended.
Financial Hurricanes
Authors: Liechty John C. , Foster Richard 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Greece, Portugal, Ireland stagger under debt. The euro may not survive. Standard & Poor's downgraded the credit rating of the USA from AAA for the first time in history. The extreme financial storm of 2008 which led to this crisis was completely unpredicted. A few decades ago, extreme weather storms were also unpredicted, and unpredictable. Administrations acted to forestall future surprises. John C. Liechty and Richard Foster call for similar action in finance. We need better data, better models, better science.
Moneyball: Brad Pitt, the Statistician and the Movie
Authors: Stefani Ray , Albert Jim 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
A major Hollywood release has an unlikely hero. In Moneyball, Brad Pitt, Hollywood heart-throb and twice voted sexiest man alive, plays not a glamorous spy, nor a hard-bitten detective but … a statistician. Ray Stefani and Jim Albert say the movie hits a home run …
A Million Monkeys and Shakespeare
Authors: Anderson Jesse 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
It is the ultimate improbability. If a million monkeys sat at a million typewriters, they would eventually reproduce all the works of Shakespeare. Now they have done it. Or have they? On 6th October this year the BBC, CNN and world media reported that the last of the monkeys finished the job. Jesse Anderson was the monkey-trainer. While Shakespeare gibbers, he explains what he – and the monkeys – have and have not done.
Communicability of H1N1 and seasonal influenza among household contacts of cases in large families
Authors: Mohamed Ashry G. , BinSaeed Abdulaziz A. , Al‐Habib Hannan , Al‐Saif Hytham 
Published: November 2011

Please cite this paper as:Mohamedet al.(2011) Communicability of H1N1 and seasonal influenza among household contacts of cases in large families. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 6(3), e25–e29.Background Quantitative knowledge of the transmissibility of influenza is crucial to its prevention and control.Objectives To quantify the transmission of influenza A (H1N1) and seasonal influenza in household contacts of patients with influenza diagnosed in a large university hospital.Patients/Methods A prospective study was conducted between September and October 2009 in which all confirmed cases of influenza diagnosed at King Khalid University Hospital were included. All household contacts were followed by telephone calls every other day for 12 days. They were asked about the development of influenza symptoms in addition to their age and nationality.Results Overall, 432 household contacts of 69 influenza A (H1N1) cases and 417 contacts of 91 seasonal influenza cases were included. Suspected influenza was diagnosed in 16·9% and 14·4% of household contacts of H1N1 and seasonal influenza patients, respectively. Household reproduction numbers were 1·06 (0·84–1·28) for H1N1 and 0·66 (0·51–0·81) for seasonal influenza. Children in households were more susceptible than were adults (22·2% versus 13·7%, respectively). Evidence of coughing in the index case tripled the risk of infection in households afflicted with the H1N1 influenza [relative risk (RR) = 3·28, CI = 1·24–8·69], while evidence of a runny nose doubled it (RR = 1·89, CI = 1·19–2·92).Conclusions Communicability of influenza in households in Riyadh is comparable to that in other countries. Children are more susceptible to influenza infection. The presence of a cough or runny nose in the index cases increases the risk of infection.
Clinical and virologic outcomes in patients with oseltamivir‐resistant seasonal influenza A (H1N1) infections: results from a clinical trial
Authors: Dharan Nila J. , Fry Alicia M. , Kieke Burney A. , Coleman Laura , Meece Jennifer , Vandermause Mary , Gubareva Larisa V. , Klimov Alexander I. , Belongia Edward A. 
Published: November 2011

Please cite this paper as: Dharan et al. (2011) Clinical and virologic outcomes in patients with oseltamivir‐resistant seasonal influenza A (H1N1) infections: results from a clinical trial. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 6(3), 153–158.Nineteen patients with oseltamivir‐resistant seasonal influenza A (H1N1) infections were randomized to receive oseltamivir or placebo. Nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained, and clinical and virologic outcomes were compared, stratified by early or late treatment. Neuraminidase inhibition assay and pyrosequencing for H275Y confirmed resistance. Twelve (63%) patients received oseltamivir; 8 (67%) received late treatment. Seven (37%) patients received placebo; 6 (86%) presented >48 hours after onset. Time to 50% decrease in symptom severity, complete symptom resolution, and first negative culture were shortest among the early treatment group. While sample size prohibits a strong conclusion, future studies should evaluate for similar trends.
Human native lipoprotein-induced de novo DNA methylation is associated with repression of inflammatory genes in THP-1 macrophages
Authors: Rangel-Salazar Rubén , Wickström-Lindholm Marie , Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A , Alvarado-Caudillo Yolanda , Døssing Kristina BV , Esteller Manel , Labourier Emmanuel , Lund Gertrud , Nielsen Finn C , Rodríguez-Ríos Dalia , Solís-Martínez Martha O , Wrobel Katarzyna , Wrobel Kazimierz , Zaina Silvio 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundWe previously showed that a VLDL- and LDL-rich mix of human native lipoproteins induces a set of repressive epigenetic marks,i.e. de novoDNA methylation, histone 4 hypoacetylation and histone 4 lysine 20 (H4K20) hypermethylation in THP-1 macrophages. Here, we: 1) ask what gene expression changes accompany these epigenetic responses; 2) test the involvement of candidate factors mediating the latter. We exploited genome expression arrays to identify target genes for lipoprotein-induced silencing, in addition to RNAi and expression studies to test the involvement of candidate mediating factors. The study was conducted in human THP-1 macrophages.ResultsNative lipoprotein-inducedde novoDNA methylation was associated with a general repression of various critical genes for macrophage function, including pro-inflammatory genes. Lipoproteins showed differential effects on epigenetic marks, asde novoDNA methylation was induced by VLDL and to a lesser extent by LDL, but not by HDL, and VLDL induced H4K20 hypermethylation, while HDL caused H4 deacetylation. The analysis of candidate factors mediating VLDL-induced DNA hypermethylation revealed that this response was: 1) surprisingly, mediated exclusively by the canonical maintenance DNA methyltransferase DNMT1, and 2) independent of the Dicer/micro-RNA pathway.ConclusionsOur work provides novel insights into epigenetic gene regulation by native lipoproteins. Furthermore, we provide an example of DNMT1 acting as ade novoDNA methyltransferase independently of canonicalde novoenzymes, and show proof of principle thatde novoDNA methylation can occur independently of a functional Dicer/micro-RNA pathway in mammals.
β2-adrenoceptor blockage induces G1/S phase arrest and apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells via Ras/Akt/NFκB pathway
Authors: Zhang Dong , Ma Qingyong , Wang Zheng , Zhang Min , Guo Kun , Wang Fengfei , Wu Erxi 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Background
Smoking and stress, pancreatic cancer (PanCa) risk factors, stimulate nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and catecholamines production respectively. NNK and catecholamine bind the β-adrenoceptors and induce PanCa cell proliferation; and we have previously suggested that β-adrenergic antagonists may suppress proliferation and invasion and stimulate apoptosis in PanCa. To clarify the mechanism of apoptosis induced by β2-adrenergic antagonist, we hypothesize that blockage of the β2-adrenoceptor could induce G1/S phase arrest and apoptosis and Ras may be a key player in PanCa cells.

Results
The β1 and β2-adrenoceptor proteins were detected on the cell surface of PanCa cells from pancreatic carcinoma specimen samples by immunohistochemistry. The β2-adrenergic antagonist ICI118,551 significantly induced G1/S phase arrest and apoptosis compared with the β1-adrenergic antagonist metoprolol, which was determined by the flow cytometry assay. β2-adrenergic antagonist therapy significantly suppressed the expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, Akt, Bcl-2, cyclin D1, and cyclin E and induced the activation of caspase-3, caspase-9 and Bax by Western blotting. Additionally, the β2-adrenergic antagonist reduced the activation of NFκB in vitro cultured PanCa cells.

Conclusions
The blockage of β2-adrenoceptor markedly induced PanCa cells to arrest at G1/S phase and consequently resulted in cell death, which is possibly due to that the blockage of β2-adrenoceptor inhibited NFκB, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and Akt pathways. Therefore, their upstream molecule Ras may be a key factor in the β2-adrenoceptor antagonist induced G1/S phase arrest and apoptosis in PanCa cells. The new pathway discovered in this study may provide an effective therapeutic strategy for PanCa.
Hybrid Mesh Adaptive Direct Search and Genetic Algorithms Techniques for industrial production systems
Authors: Vasant Pandian 
Published: November 2011

Hybrid Mesh Adaptive Direct Search and Genetic Algorithms Techniques for industrial production systemsIn this paper, computational and simulation results are presented for the performance of the fitness function, decision variables and CPU time of the proposed hybridization method of Mesh Adaptive Direct Search (MADS) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). MADS is a class of direct search of algorithms for nonlinear optimization. The MADS algorithm is a modification of the Pattern Search (PS) algorithm. The algorithms differ in how the set of points forming the mesh is computed. The PS algorithm uses fixed direction vectors, whereas the MADS algorithm uses random selection of vectors to define the mesh. A key advantage of MADS over PS is that local exploration of the space of variables is not restricted to a finite number of directions (poll directions). This is the primary drawback of PS algorithms, and therefore the main motivation in using MADS to solve the industrial production planning problem is to overcome this restriction. A thorough investigation on hybrid MADS and GA is performed for the quality of the best fitness function, decision variables and computational CPU time.
Development of variable rate sprayer for oil palm plantation
Authors: Ishak W. , Hudzari R. , Ridzuan M. 
Published: November 2011

Development of variable rate sprayer for oil palm plantationThis project describes the design and development of a camera vision with color detection for the variable rate technology (VRT) automated sprayer. In this project, the smart sprayer system was already developed and mounted on the ATV. The automated sprayer system was developed by combination of the electromechanical system, PC parallel port relay board, the controller and visual basic programming software. This smart sprayer system is guided with the camera to detect the presence of weeds. Detection of weeds is based on the green color value from RGB value. The amount or percentage (%) of weeds detected determines the rate of spraying that is controlled by an electric motor and the relay board. In this project, the spray nozzles were modified to be fully open, fully closed and half open. The closing and opening of valves were controlled by the electromechanical system that receives the instruction from the camera vision. Experiments carried out shows that the nozzle is closed when the percentage of weeds detected is less than 2%. It is half open at 3% to 50% and fully open at more than 51%. The application rate of spraying can be determined from the result of the spraying operation.
Models of quantum computation and quantum programming languages
Authors: Miszczak J. 
Published: November 2011

Models of quantum computation and quantum programming languagesThe goal of the presented paper is to provide an introduction to the basic computational models used in quantum information theory. We review various models of quantum Turing machine, quantum circuits and quantum random access machine (QRAM) along with their classical counterparts. We also provide an introduction to quantum programming languages, which are developed using the QRAM model. We review the syntax of several existing quantum programming languages and discuss their features and limitations.
Microscale interpretation of tribological phenomena in Ti/TiN soft-hard multilayer coatings on soft austenite steel substrates
Authors: Lackner J. , Major L. , Kot M. 
Published: November 2011

Microscale interpretation of tribological phenomena in Ti/TiN soft-hard multilayer coatings on soft austenite steel substratesThe mechanical and tribological behavior of physical vapor deposited coatings on soft substrate materials gains increasing interest due to economical and environmental aspects - e.g. substitution of steels by light-weight metals or polymers in transport vehicles. Nevertheless, such soft materials require surface protection against wear in tribological contacts. Single layer hard coatings deposited at room temperature are brittle with a relatively poor adhesion. Therefore, they should be better substituted by tough multilayer coatings of soft-hard material combinations. However, the mechanics of such multilayer coatings with several 10 nm thick bilayer periods is difficult and yet not well described. The presented work tries to fill the gap of knowledge by focusing both on mechanical investigations of hardness, adhesion, and wear and on microscopic elucidation of deformation mechanisms. In the paper 1 μm thick Ti/TiN multilayer stacks were deposited by magnetron sputtering on soft austenitic steel substrates at room temperature to prevent distortion of functional components in future applications. High hardness was found for 8 and 16 bilayer films with modulation ratio Ti: TiN = 1:2 and 1:4. This was attributed (with use of transmission electron microscopy) to stopping the crack propagation in thin Ti layers of the multilayer systems by shear deformation combined with different fracture mechanisms in comparison with that for the TiN single layers (edge cracks at the border of the contact area and ring cracks outside, respectively).
Contribution to the TLC separation of ursolic and oleanolic acid mixture
Authors: Mučaji P. , Nagy M. 
Published: November 2011

Contribution to the TLC separation of ursolic and oleanolic acid mixtureThe aim of the study was to develop a rapid, simple, effective and reproducible TLC method for separation of a naturally occurring mixture of ursolic and oleanolic acids. Because of the similarity of chemical structures,in situderivatisation by iodine was necessary to separate these triterpenic acids. Separation was achieved on silica gel plates. After derivatisation, a chromatographic plate was developed with the mobile phase consisting of light petrol, ethyl acetate and acetone (8.2:1.8:0.1, v/v/v) following visualisation by spraying with sulphuric acid in diethylether (25%, v/v) and heating to 120°C for 5 min. The method used enabled chromatographical differentiation of ursolic and oleanolic acid mixtures in all tested mutual ratios.
Cruciferous vegetables in cancer prevention
Authors: Pilátová M. , Chripková M. , Mojžiš J. 
Published: November 2011

Cruciferous vegetables in cancer preventionEpidemiological studies have reported a strong inverse correlation between the intake of cruciferous vegetables and the cancer risk. This association has been found stronger than the association between cancer risk and fruit and vegetable intake in general. Cruciferous vegetables are unique in that they are rich sources of glucosinolates. Hydrolytic degradation of glucosinolates results in the formation of biologically active compounds, including indoles (such as I3C - indole-3-carbinol, DIM - diindolylmethane, indole phytoalexins) and isothiocyanates (such as PEITC - phenethyl isothiocyanate, SFN - sulforaphane). Some mechanisms, like effect on biotransformation system, induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and antiangiogenic effect, by which cruciferous vegetables act as chemopreventive agents have been described. Beneficial modulation of oestrogen metabolism with reduced risk of breast and cervical cancer after DIM and I3C supplementation was noted. Despite all health benefit expectation, some studies found that I3C actually promoted or enhanced the development of cancer when administered chronically after the carcinogen (post initiation) to rats. Because the long-term effects of the supplementation of the mentioned compounds on cancer risk in humans are not known, the widespread use of dietary supplements containing natural compounds in humans should be avoided until the potential risks versus benefits are better understood.
Assessment of Selenium Concentration in Selected Organs of Farmed Raccoon Dogs (Nyctereutes Procyonoides)
Authors: Seremak Beata , Pilarczyk Bogumiła , Tomza-Marciniak Agnieszka , Pilarczyk Renata , Jakubczak Andrzej , Dziadosz Małgorzata , Pławski Kamil , Hendzel Diana 
Published: November 2011

Assessment of Selenium Concentration in Selected Organs of Farmed Raccoon Dogs (Nyctereutes Procyonoides)The aim of the study was to determine selenium concentrations in the liver, kidneys, lungs, heart and muscles of farmed raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and to evaluate their impact on hair coat quality. Selenium concentration was determined using the modified Watkinson's spectrofluorometric method. Subjects were 20 farmed raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) at the age of 8-9 months, which were kept on a farm in south-eastern Poland. The results show that liver selenium content averaged 0.23±0.10 μg/g w.w. (wet weight). The concentrations ranged from 0.04 to 0.49 μg/g w.w. Kidney selenium concentration (0.49±0.17 μg/g w.w. on average) was over twice that of liver concentration. Animals with higher scores for hair coat quality had lower selenium concentrations in the kidneys and liver, and higher selenium concentrations in muscles, but the differences were not significant. When relating Se concentrations determined in the liver of raccoon dogs to the biochemical criteria, it is concluded that 80% of the analysed raccoon dogs were deficient in this element and 20% had marginal levels. The results obtained in our study suggest that the food used on the farm did not fully meet the Se requirement of the raccoon dogs.
Relationships Between Performance Test Results of Gilts of Different Breeds
Authors: Nowachowicz Jerzy , Michalska Grażyna , Bucek Tomasz , Wasilewski Przemysław 
Published: November 2011

Relationships Between Performance Test Results of Gilts of Different BreedsThe relationships expressed as calculated correlation coefficients were determined between the results of 44 110 purebred gilts performance tested in the years 2004-2008. The animals came from the Bydgoszcz Breeding Region and represented 5 breeds (Polish Large White, Polish Landrace, Hampshire, Duroc and Pietrain) and synthetic Line 990. The traits taken into account were: age and body weight on test day, daily body weight gain standardized to 180 days of age, backfat thickness at P2 and P4 points, loin eye height at P4 points, body meat content, and performance test selection index. Negative and highly significant correlations were found between growth rate and standardized backfat thickness at P2 and P4 points in all gilts of the tested breeds except Line 990. In the case of two breeds (Polish Large White and Pietrain) and Line 990, the correlation coefficients between daily body weight gain and standardized body meat content were negative and highly significant, which possibly suggests the unfavourable impact of high growth rate on the meat content. Higher correlation coefficient values were observed between the performance test selection index and the daily body weight gain than between the selection index and the body meat content of Polish Large White, Polish Landrace, Hampshire and Pietrain gilts.
Welfare Levels in Heritage Breed vs. Commercial Laying Hens in the Litter System
Authors: Sosnówka-Czajka Ewa , Herbut Eugeniusz , Skomorucha Iwona , Muchacka Renata 
Published: November 2011

Welfare Levels in Heritage Breed vs. Commercial Laying Hens in the Litter SystemThe objective of the study was to determine differences in welfare levels between heritage breed hens (Yellowleg Partridge, Sussex, Leghorn) and commercial crosses (ISA Brown, Lohmann Brown, Hy-Line) kept in the litter system with no outdoor access. The experiment was carried out with 180 hens of three heritage breeds (Yellowleg Partridge, Sussex, Leghorn) and 180 commercial crosses of laying hens (Hy-Line, ISA Brown, Lohmann). Layers were reared in the litter system with no outdoor access. During the experiment, production data were collected until 38 days of age and birds' behaviour was monitored for 24 h at 18, 20, 32 and 38 weeks of age. O f the three commercial lines of laying hens kept in the litter system with no outdoor access, the lowest welfare levels were characteristic of ISA Brown birds. Hy-Line and Lohmann layers were characterized by comparable welfare levels that were higher in relation to ISA Brown layers. The results also showed that Sussex hens reared in the litter system had higher welfare levels than Yellowleg Partridge and Leghorn hens. When comparing the results of heritage breed and commercial hens, it can be said that mortality and increased levels of aggression in heritage breed hens kept in the litter system suggest that their welfare levels were lower than in commercial layers.