bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tectonic evolution of the central Levant domain (Lebanon) since Mesozoic time
Authors: Homberg C. , Barrier E. , Mroueh M. , Muller C. , Hamdan W. , Higazi F. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The tectonic history of the central part of the Levant domain (Lebanon) is re-evaluated. Examination of the tectonic structures and mechanical analysis of the meso-scale brittle deformation indicate that Lebanon has experienced four major tectonic events since Late Mesozoic time. The first was an Early Cretaceous extensional phase orientated north–south to NNE–SSW. It produced WSW–ENE to WNW–ESE normal faults with offsets up to several hundreds of meters and led to the development of an approximately WNW–ESE-trending basin. A second extension, with similar driving stresses, occurred during Eocene time and persisted, perhaps until Oligocene times. The Early Neogene period marked a dramatic change in the structural evolution of Lebanon after which strike–slip and reverse faulting and folding dominated. During Early Miocene times, an east–west compression produced moderate folding and faulting. A second, but much more severe, folding event occurred during Late Miocene time owing to a NNW–SSE compression. This new tectonic history allows the discussion of several aspects of the Eastern Mediterranean basin development and the later deformation of its continental margin and surroundings, in particular: (1) the driving mechanisms of the Levant basin opening; (2) the inversion of its adjacent margin; and (3) the age, origin, and evolution of the restraining bend of the Dead Sea Transform in Lebanon.
Rotations in Lebanon inferred from new palaeomagnetic data and implications for the evolution of the Dead Sea Transform system
Authors: Henry B. , Homberg C. , Mroueh M. , Hamdan W. , Higazi F. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

A study carried out on widespread sites of the Aptian–Albian formations in Lebanon led to two palaeomagnetic directions corresponding to the primary magnetization (
N
=37 sites, D=307.1°, I=23.7°, k=18 and α
95
=5.5° after tilt correction and to a post-folding remagnetization (
N
=18 sites, D=346.3°, I=49.2°, k=108 and α
95
=3.2° before tilt correction). Comparison of these data with previous palaeomagnetic results for the Jurassic age in Lebanon and expected directions from African apparent polar wander path yields evidence of three different counter-clockwise regional rotations, of the order of 33° before Aptian deposition, of 11° during Late Miocene times, and of 18° since Miocene period. The two last rotations are related to the relative displacement of the African and Arabian plates. A model is proposed for the evolution of this particular Middle East area, in which the Dead Sea Transform shows a strong deviation relative to its main north–south orientation.
Revised stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous and Cenozoic series of Lebanon based on nannofossils
Authors: Müller Carla , Higazi Fathi , Hamdan Walid , Mroueh Mustafpha 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The aim of these investigations was to revise the geological map of Lebanon. Calcareous nannofossils were studied from a predominantly marly Senonian–Maastrichtian and Cenozoic series. About 900 spot samples were collected from exposed strata. This lithologically homogenous stratigraphic interval is poorly subdivided on the existing geological maps. The present study allows the precise determination of hiatuses and tectonic events. Palaeocene, Upper Eocene, Upper Oligocene, and Lower Miocene units were identified for the first time in Lebanon.
Late Cretaceous to Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the NW Arabian platform in NW Syria
Authors: Al Abdalla Abdelkarim , Barrier Eric , Matar Anis , Muller Carla 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
We associate a brittle tectonic analysis and a stratigraphic study of the NW Arabian platform in Syria in the northern Coastal Range, Lattakia basin, and Baer-Bassit areas. These complementary approaches allowed characterizing the tectonic and palaeostress evolutions of this region since the Late Cretaceous. In Mesozoic and Palaeogene, before the Arabia–Eurasia collision, essentially developed extensional tectonics. A major extensional phase, characterized by a NE–SW directed extension, was recognized during the Senonian. It is associated with the activity of the Euphrates graben. The Eocene–Oligocene period is marked by a north–south directed extension associated with minor east–west trending normal faults, associated with syn-depositional structures. The compressional deformation initiated at the end of Oligocene north of Baer-Bassit. The major phase of shortening is Early Miocene in age in NW Syria. The related brittle structures and folding were resulted from a 110°–135° oriented compression. During this event, the Baer-Bassit is thrusted over the Coastal Range platform along the SE vergent Lattakia thrust. This major thrusting induced the flexure of the Arabian platform and the formation of the Middle to Late Miocene Lattakia basin. From the end of the Miocene, and until Present, the region experienced a NNW–SSE directed regional compression. We also evidenced an east–west trending compression near the Dead Sea Fault (DSF) area, coeval with the NNW–SSE one, associated with the north–south folding of the Coastal Range. It likely corresponds to a stress-field deflection in relationship with the DSF activity. From latermost Miocene to Present, the left-lateral displacement along the northern segment of the DSF can be estimated to 30–40 km, from the offset of the Early Miocene deformation front.
Structural setting and tectonic evolution of North Sinai folds, Egypt
Authors: Moustafa Adel R. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Detailed study of outcrop and subsurface data of North Sinai indicates the existence of a NE–SW oriented region with very large asymmetric folds lying between the Nile Delta hinge zone and the Sinai hinge belt. The steep southeastern flanks of these folds are often associated with high-angle reverse faults. These folds continue northeastward in the Naqb Desert toward the Dead Sea transform. The North Sinai folds represent inversion anticlines formed by inversion of Mesozoic (Jurassic and probably Cretaceous) extensional basins during Late Cretaceous to pre-Miocene times. Mesozoic extension is related to the divergence between Afro-Arabia and Eurasia and opening of the Neotethys whereas inversion is related to the convergent movement between these two plates. The acme of inversion was at Campanian time. The central Sinai hinge belt is a zone of ENE–WSW oriented, right-lateral strike–slip faults that separate the folded area to the north from the tectonically stable area of central and southern Sinai. It responded to the convergent movement between Afro-Arabia and Eurasia by dextral transpression on the faults. Later reactivation of the eastern edges of these faults by drag on the west side of the Dead Sea transform took place in post-Miocene to Recent times.
Structural setting and tectonic evolution of offshore North Sinai, Egypt
Authors: Yousef M. , Moustafa A. R. , Shann M. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The offshore area of North Sinai represents the northern extension of the Syrian Arc inversion structures into the southeastern Mediterranean region. Integration of detailed seismic interpretation of key tectonic events in offshore North Sinai and recently acquired gravity and magnetic data reveal structural deformation represented by large buried inversion anticlines that have played an important role in the geological history and hydrocarbon potential of the area. This tectonic inversion took place in the Late Mesozoic and continued slightly during the Cenozoic, and formed NE-trending asymmetrical folds. Three different phases of deformation have been detected in offshore North Sinai: (1) A Jurassic–Early Cretaceous extensional phase, which formed NE trending normal faults bounding asymmetrical half-grabens, (2) Post-Santonian–Middle Miocene positive inversion of these faults and half-grabens and (3) Post–Middle Miocene subsidence. A set of tectonosequences related to the opening and the subsequent convergence of the Tethys was mapped. Each identified tectonosequence has its own unique drive mechanism, geometry, and location with respect to the plate boundary. Recognition of these elements allows illustration of the Tethyan basin evolution of offshore North Sinai through time as well as understanding the tectonic and stratigraphic framework and effective prediction of the petroleum system.
Controls and evolution of facies patterns in the Upper Barremian–Albian Levant Platform in North Sinai and North Israel
Authors: Bachmann Martina , Kuss Jochen , Lehmann Jens 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The Upper Barremian–Albian Levant Platform was studied in North Sinai and Israel (Galilee and Golan Heights) by bio- and lithostratigraphy, facies analyses, and sequence stratigraphy. Integrating shallow-marine benthic foraminifera (mainly orbitolines), ammonite, and stable isotope data resulted in a detailed stratigraphic chart. Transects across the shallow shelf in both regions are based on facies analysis and form the basis for depositional models. In both transects five platform stages (PS I–V) were identified, which differ significantly in their stratigraphic architecture, mainly controlled by local tectonics, climate and second-order sea-level changes. In North Sinai, a transition from a shallow-shelf that is structured by sub-basins through a homoclinal ramp into a flat toped platform is recognized, while the sections in North Israel show a transition from a homoclinal ramp into a fringing platform. Local normal faults influenced the depositional architecture of the Upper Barremian–Lower Aptian strata in North Sinai and were attributed to syn-rift extensional tectonics. Four second-order sequence boundaries were identified, bounding Mid-Cretaceous Levant depositional sequences. These well-dated second-order sequence boundaries are MCL-1 (Late Barremian), MCL-2 (earliest Late Aptian), MCL-3 (Lower Albian), and MCL-4 (Late Albian). The sea-level history of the Levant Platform reflects the Late Aptian–Albian global long-term transgression, while the second-order sea-level changes show good correlation with those described from the Arabian plate.
The mid-Cretaceous carbonate system of northern Israel: facies evolution, tectono-sedimentary configuration and global control on the central Levant margin of the Arabian Plate
Authors: Frank Ran , Buchbinder Binyamin , Benjamini Chaim 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
This study deals with the sedimentary evolution, tectonic configuration and global imprints of a Cenomanian–Turonian carbonate system located in northern Israel, on the central part of the Levant margin of the north Arabian Plate.
Detailed sampling of field sections, mesoscopic features, petrography and microfacies form the database for this study. Facies units are integrated into high- and low-order cycles that comprise a sequence stratigraphic model.
Two palaeo-highs, separated by a subsiding trough, all striking east–NE, govern the pattern of carbonate deposition in northern Israel. An additional subsiding region extended northward into Lebanon. Eustatic and palaeoenvironmental imprints are represented by earliest Cenomanian subaerial exposure; Early Cenomanian maximum flooding and oxygenation of hypoxic sea-floor; Middle Cenomanian high-stand progradation followed by forced regression and mass transport; Middle Cenomanian subaerial exposure; Late Cenomanian eutrophication during sea-level rise; Late Cenomanian subaerial exposure; latest Cenomanian–Turonian eutrophication and gradual development of the OAE-2 (oceanic anoxic event). A Late Cenomanian eustatic rise was locally masked by uplift and subaerial exposure.
We conclude that the tectono-sedimentary regime of northern Israel represents an east–NE branch-off of the depositional strike from the north–south striking Levant margin, and that the carbonate system of this region was strongly influenced by eustasy and palaeoceanographic trends of the Tethys.
Orbital time scale, intra-platform basin correlation, carbon isotope stratigraphy and sea-level history of the Cenomanian–Turonian Eastern Levant platform, Jordan
Authors: Wendler Jens E. , Lehmann Jens , Kuss Jochen 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Two Cenomanian–Turonian boundary (CTBE) sections (KB3 and GM3) of the Karak–Silla intra-platform basin of the Eastern Levant carbonate platform, Jordan, are correlated based on high-resolution calcimetry. KB3 contains black shales with over 7 wt% total organic carbon (TOC). GM3 was deposited at shallower water depth and reveals four conspicuous gypsum beds used for sea-level reconstruction. Spectral analysis of carbonate content and TOC reveals forcing, mainly by the 100 ka cycle of Earth's orbit eccentricity.

Whole rock stable carbon isotope data show a conspicuous positive δ
13
C excursion representing the Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE2). The carbon isotope records of KB3 and GM3 correspond well with the cycles in the δ
13
C record of the global stratotype (GSSP) at Pueblo (USA). The GSSP orbital timescale, thus, can be applied to the Jordan record. Furthermore, all stable isotope events defined in the English chalk reference record are recognized in Jordan. Our orbital model for the Jordan sequence-stratigraphical framework reveals approximately 1.2 (+0.2) Ma duration of a third-order sequence, proposed to represent one cycle of the long obliquity (1.2 Ma). This long-term period is superimposed on three fourth-order fluctuations of 400 ka length (long eccentricity; fourth-order sea-level fluctuations), each of which comprises four carbonate cycles (100 ka eccentricity; fifth-order sea-level fluctuations). Demise of the Levant platform occurred during the phase of decreasing δ
13
C values after OAE2 in the interval between the Cenomanian–Turonian (C–T) boundary and the end of the Early Turonian.
Biostratigraphy, palaeoecology and palaeogeography of the Middle Cenomanian-Early Turonian Levant Platform in Central Jordan based on ostracods
Authors: Morsi Abdel-Mohsen M. , Wendler Jens E. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Study of a Cenomanian–Turonian sequence, including the oceanic anoxic event 2 (OAE2) in Central Jordan, yielded 22 ostracod species from the Middle–Late Cenomanian interval; no ostracods were found in the Early Turonian. The majority of the taxa have a wide geographical distribution along the southern shores of the Tethys; from Morocco in the west to the Arabian Gulf region in the east. Biogeographical homogeneity of the ostracod associations in North Africa and the Middle East reflects facilitated communication along the whole expanse of the southern Tethys margin during the Cenomanian, and suggests similar living conditions and absence of important geographical barriers that could hinder marine faunal exchange. Biostratigraphically, the investigated fauna revealed five informal ostracod biozones (I to V from older to younger). The recorded assemblages are characterized by ostracod faunas of typical marine shelf setting in biozone I, shelf lagoonal setting with fresh-water influence in biozone II, marine shelf setting with intervals of fresh-water supply in biozones III and IV, and reduced oxygen levels in the interval of biozone V. This sequence of biozones provides palaeontological evidence for the occurrence of an interval of enhanced fresh-water influence in Levant platform lagoons preceeding OAE2. A combined biostratigraphic and chemostratigraphic time scale based on stable carbon isotopes reveals the first appearance of
Reticulicosta kenaanensis
, previously described as an Early Turonian indicator species already in the Late Cenomanian. Absence of ostracods throughout the Early Turonian indicates environmental conditions adverse to ostracods during most of OAE2 and its aftermath interpreted to reflect strong water column stratification.
Does ambulation modify venous thromboembolism risk in acutely ill medical patients?
Authors: Girard Frederick , Samama Meyer , Amin Alpesh 
Published: September 2010

SummaryIn the US, ambulatory status is often a criterion for stopping prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism (VTE). In an analysis of the prophylaxis in MEDical patients with ENOXaparin (MEDENOX) trial, ambulatory status was assessed as outcome and patients grouped accordingly for further analysis. Rates of VTE and bleeding were evaluated. Using multivariate logistic regression, the relationships between thromboprophylaxis, VTE risk, and ambulatory status were assessed. Ambulatory status was reached in 607/1,084 patients, in a mean time of 4.4 days. Thromboprophylaxis was provided for 7.3 and 7.7 days in the ambulatory and non-ambulatory groups. Although VTE rates were lower in ambulatory patients, enoxaparin 40 mg once daily significantly reduced the risk of VTE vs. placebo in ambulatory (3.3% vs. 10.6%; relative risk [RR] = 0.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.13ﺹ0.78; p=0.008) and non-ambulatory patients (9.0% vs. 19.7%; RR = 0.46; 95% CI, 0.23ﺹ0.91; p=0.02). Major bleeding was not significantly different between enoxaparin and placebo in either group. By multivariate regression analysis, VTE risk in ambulatory patients was lower with enoxaparin vs. placebo (odds ratio [OR] = 0.28; 95% CI, 0.11ﺹ0.74; p=0.01), but higher in patients with a history of VTE (OR = 3.74; 95% CI, 1.59ﺹ8.84; p=0.003) or cancer (OR = 2.12; 95% CI, 1.00ﺹ4.48; p=0.049). Despite timely mobilisation, patients who become ambulatory are at VTE risk and experience a significant risk reduction with enoxaparin 40 mg. Therefore, it is essential that ambulatory patients receive recommended thromboprophylaxis.
Association between inflammatory biomarkers and platelet aggregation in patients under chronic clopidogrel treatment
Authors: Bernlochner Isabell , Steinhubl Steven , Braun Siegmund , Morath Tanja , Jaitner Juliane , Stegherr Julia , Mehilli Julinda , Beckerath Nicolas von , Schömig Albert , Kastrati Adnan , Sibbing Dirk 
Published: September 2010

SummaryInflammatory processes in the vessel wall are associated with progression of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. Both high levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and high on-clopidogrel treatment platelet reactivity (HPR) have been linked to an increased risk of ischaemic events after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The aim of this study was to explore the association between biomarker levels of inflammation and platelet reactivity. Stable patients (n=1,223) eligible for this study were under chronic antiplatelet treatment with aspirin and clopidogrel due to prior coronary stent placement. ADP-induced platelet aggregation (in AU*min) was measured on a Multiplate analyser. The primary outcome measure of this retrospective study was the ADP-induced platelet aggregation in patients with versus those without elevated CRP levels. Of the patients 15.5% (n=189) showed elevated CRP levels (≥5 mg/l). Platelet aggregation (median [interquartile range]) was significantly higher in patients with elevated CRP levels compared to patients with normal (<5 mg/l) CRP levels (305 [202–504] AU*min vs. 218 [144–384] AU*min; p<0.001). A multivariable linear regression model that adjusted for known predictors of HPR confirmed a significant independent association between elevated CRP levels and high ADP-induced platelet aggregation values (p=0.0002). Elevated WBC count and fibrinogen levels were also associated with higher platelet aggregation values (p<0.001 for both). In conclusion, elevated levels of CRP, WBC count and fibrinogen were significantly associated with high platelet reactivity in patients under chronic clopidogrel treatment. Whether a direct relation between platelets and inflammation exists, as well as the clinical impact of our results, warrants further investigations.
Structure of AGCM-Simulated Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves and Sensitivity to Convective Parameterization
Authors: Frierson Dargan M. W. , Kim Daehyun , Kang In-Sik , Lee Myong-In , Lin Jialin 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
A study of the convectively coupled Kelvin wave (CCKW) properties from a series of atmospheric general circulation model experiments over observed sea surface temperatures is presented. The simulations are performed with two different convection schemes (a mass flux scheme and a moisture convergence scheme) using a range of convective triggers, which inhibit convection in different ways. Increasing the strength of the convective trigger leads to significantly slower and more intense CCKW activity in both convection schemes. With the most stringent trigger in the mass flux scheme, the waves have realistic speed and variance and also exhibit clear shallow-to-deep-to-stratiform phase tilts in the vertical, as in observations. While adding a moisture trigger results in vertical phase tilts in the mass flux scheme, the moisture convergence scheme CCKWs show no such phase tilts even with a stringent convective trigger.
The changes in phase speed in the simulations are interpreted using the concept of “gross moist stability” (GMS). Inhibition of convection results in a more unstable tropical atmosphere in the time mean, and convection is shallower on average as well. Both of these effects lead to a smaller GMS, which leads to slower propagation of the waves, as expected from theoretical studies. Effects such as changes in radiative heating, atmospheric humidity, and vertical velocity following the wave have a relatively small effect on the GMS as compared with the time mean state determined by the convection scheme.
Convectively Generated Potential Vorticity in Rainbands and Formation of the Secondary Eyewall in Hurricane Rita of 2005
Authors: Judt Falko , Chen Shuyi S. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Eyewall replacements in mature tropical cyclones usually cause intensity fluctuations. One reason for eyewall replacements remaining a forecasting challenge is the lack of understanding of how secondary eyewalls form. This study uses high-resolution, full-physics-model forecast fields of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita (2005) to better understand potential vorticity (PV) generation in the rainbands and the role that convectively generated PV played in the formation of a secondary eyewall in Hurricane Rita. Previous studies have focused on dynamic processes in the inner core and/or the effects of certain specified PV distributions. However, the initial development of a concentric PV ring in the rainband region has not been fully addressed. Katrina and Rita were extensively observed by three research aircraft during the Hurricane Rainband and Intensity Change Experiment (RAINEX), which was designed to study the interaction of the rainbands and the inner core. Rita developed a secondary eyewall and went through an eyewall replacement cycle, whereas Katrina maintained a single primary eyewall during the RAINEX observation period before landfall. These distinct features observed in RAINEX provide a unique opportunity to examine the physical and dynamical processes that lead to formation of concentric eyewalls. A triply nested high-resolution model with 1.67-km resolution in the innermost domain, initialized with operational model forecasts in real time during RAINEX, is used in this study. Analyses of wind, vorticity, PV, and vortex Rossby wave (VRW) activity in the inner-core region were conducted using both RAINEX airborne observations and model output. The results show that a higher PV generation rate and accumulation in the rainband region in Rita leads to a secondary PV/vorticity maximum, which eventually became the secondary eyewall. A strong moat area developed between the primary eyewall and the concentric ring of convection in Rita, prohibiting VRW activity. In contrast, VRWs propagated radially outward from the inner core to the rainband region in Katrina. The VRWs were not a contributing factor in the initial formation of the secondary eyewall in Rita since the moat region with near-zero PV gradient did not allow for radial propagation of VRWs. The large accumulation of convectively generated PV in the rainband region was the key factor in the formation of the secondary eyewall in Rita.