bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences of junior dental faculty transitioning from clinician to educator
Authors: Wingrove Danielle P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeDental faculty enter academia, after a career in practice or directly from school, without any formal education training. Faculty development programs have been designed based on survey needs assessments, but not on in‐depth descriptions of junior faculty transition experiences. The purpose of this research project is to describe the transition experiences of dental faculty from clinician to educator within the last 5 years.MethodsA qualitative multiple case study approach from an emic perspective was used. An emic approach is an analysis from the perspective of one who participates in the group being studied. Data were collected through semi‐structured interviews with 12 junior dental faculty. Thematic analysis identified common themes in the data through the lens of the social cognitive career theory.ResultsThree salient themes were extracted from the data: guidance, job satisfaction, and motivating factors. Guidance was the main theme with participants revealing their need for more formal preparation regarding teaching, formal mentorship, and career progression goals. Participants find academia highly rewarding, and a unique finding was that physical injury was a major factor to entering academia.ConclusionThis study reveals that junior dental faculty members feel unprepared for their teaching role and highlights the benefits of mentorship in helping them develop their vocational goals and advance their careers. This study illuminates why clinicians choose to leave clinical practice, the preparation they receive, the areas in which they feel unprepared, and how they develop their teaching skills. These insights can help academic institutions better support their faculty and improve student learning outcomes.
Effectiveness of using concept mapping by dental students in the radiographic interpretation of jaw diseases
Authors: Gil Yoon Min , Lee Byung‐Do 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesInterpretation of dental radiographs is a difficult process, particularly for inexperienced students. This study introduced concept mapping for dental students to help in the radiographic interpretation of common jaw lesions. We aimed to analyze the efficacy of the concept map (CM) in radiographic interpretation, with a discussion of the diagnostic reasoning dilemma.MethodsThis study included 39 dental students. After a 1‐h class for CM guidance and based on three group discussions and one‐on‐one feedback, the students completed and submitted CMs for three jaw diseases (ameloblastoma, odontogenic keratocyst, and simple bone cyst). All participants underwent a pretest and posttest of knowledge and diagnosis; all students but one completed an open‐ended questionnaire regarding the use of CMs.ResultsConcept mapping effectively improved diagnostic accuracy. The participants’ posttest scores were better than their pretest scores in both knowledge and diagnostic tests. Most of the students attempted radiographic interpretation through analytic reasoning. The time required for the students to draw a CM varied from student to student from 3–5 h to 1–3 days.ConclusionThis study shows that CMs can improve the radiographic diagnostic ability of dental students by providing a framework for analytic reasoning. Continuous research is warranted to improve the effectiveness of CM in oral radiographic interpretation in the dental student's class.
A service‐learning framework to address accreditation standards: Self‐Assessment, communication skills, health literacy, and cultural competence
Authors: Mara Matthew , Zea Ana , Culler Corinna , Lituri Kathy , Henshaw Michelle 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesPre‐doctoral dental programs must provide opportunities for students to become proficient in self‐assessment, communication skills, health literacy, and cultural competence, essential for independent unsupervised practice. This study aimed to assess how student learning through a classroom education service‐learning program addresses the Commission on Dental Accreditation (CODA) standards 2‐11 and 2‐17; specifically through the examination of self‐assessment, communication skills, health literacy, and cultural competence.MethodsThis 2022 retrospective mixed methods cohort study examined unstructured faculty comments on drafted lesson plans and structured evaluations of classroom education service‐learning rehearsal sessions. A random sample of faculty comments from three academic years, 2018, 2019, and 2020, were deidentified and analyzed by five researchers for emerging themes using NVivo. Quantitative data from rehearsal presentations were analyzed with descriptive statistics to assess the concordance of self and faculty feedback on specific evaluation criteria.ResultsSix major themes from faculty lesson plan feedback emerged: knowledge, professionalism, communication, presentation skills, cultural competence, and program logistics. Concordance between faculty feedback and student self‐assessment ranged from 83% to 92.4% across all evaluation criteria over the 3 years: spoke clearly and confidently at the right pace, provided accurate dental terminology and facts, used grade‐appropriate language, provided clear instructions to follow, appeared enthusiastic throughout the rehearsal presentation, and designed a well thought out lesson plan that will engage children for the entire presentation.ConclusionFindings support the classroom education service‐learning program as a framework to provide opportunities for student self‐assessment and feedback on communication skills, health literacy, and cultural competence aligned with CODA standards 2‐11 and 2‐17.
Integrating person‐centered care into dental education: An oral medicine perspective
Authors: Taylor Stuart , Truelove Edmond 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDental education is moving toward models of education and care that are person‐centered. The purpose of this article is to explore and describe the teaching and patient care model (the attending‐based model) used for the past 50 years in the oral medicine department at one dental education institution. This article briefly discusses how this teaching model promotes person‐centered care and the biopsychosocial model, while highlighting some of the barriers, benefits, and opportunities to wider adoption in dental education.
Decreased gray matter volume in the anterior cerebellar of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder comorbid oppositional defiant disorder children with associated cerebellar‐cerebral hyperconnectivity: insights from a combined structural MRI and resting‐state fMRI study
Authors: Wang Xin , Guo Yan , Xu Jin , Xiao Yong , Fu Yigang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAttention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) are highly comorbid. Many prior investigations have found that ADHD relates to anatomical abnormalities in gray matter. The abnormal gray matter of ADHD comorbid ODD is still poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the effect of comorbid ODD on gray matter volume (GMV) and functional alterations in ADHD. All data were provided by the ADHD‐200 Preprocessed Repository, including 27 ADHD‐only children, 27 ADHD + ODD children, and 27 healthy controls aged 9–14 years. Voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) and functional connectivity (FC) of resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were used to compare the difference in GMV and FC between ADHD + ODD, ADHD‐only, and healthy children. The results showed that ADHD children with comorbid ODD had a more significant reduction in cerebellar volume, mainly in the anterior regions of the cerebellum (Cerebellum_4_5). The Cerebellum_4_5 showed increased functional connectivity with multiple cortical regions. These brain regions include numerous executive functioning (EF) and brain default mode network (DMN) nodes. The GMV abnormalities and excessive connectivity between brain regions may further exacerbate the emotional and cognitive deficits associated with ADHD.
Attitudes of autistic adults toward genetic testing for autism
Authors: Gallion Tielle , Williams Zachary J. , Niarchou Maria , Duncan Laura , Hooker Gillian , Taylor Kelly A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGenetic testing for autism has been a controversial topic within the autistic community. Opinions regarding the benefits, risks, and limitations of genetic testing often differ between autistic people, researchers, and healthcare providers. The present study sought to understand the beliefs, attitudes, and intentions to pursue genetic testing of autistic adults and compare perspectives of autistic people who have had genetic testing with those who have not. An international sample of 173 autistic adults (19 [11%] who had previously undergone autism‐related genetic testing) completed an online survey with questions assessing beliefs, attitudes, and intentions to pursue genetic testing. Beliefs and attitudes about genetic testing varied widely across the sample. Autistic individuals who had received prior genetic testing had much more positive beliefs about autism‐related genetic testing (d = 0.87, 95% CI [0.37, 1.36]) and attitudes toward genetic testing (d = 1.14, 95% CI [0.66, 1.61]) compared to those who had not received such testing, although there were no meaningful differences between those same groups regarding beliefs about genetic testing unrelated to autism (d = 0.02, 95% CI [−0.45, 0.49], p = 0.93). Intention to genetically test oneself or one's (hypothetical) children was also significantly predicted by autism‐specific beliefs, attitudes, and prior genetic testing status. A large majority of the sample (78.6%) also agreed that autistic individuals would benefit from contact with a genetic counselor in certain situations. These findings suggest that the autistic community does not have a singular view of genetic testing, and for those Autistic individuals who are interested in pursuing genetic testing for themselves or a family member, genetic counselors have the potential to play a key role in clinical care.
Conserved quality control mechanisms of mitochondrial protein import
Authors: Borgert Lion , Becker Thomas , den Brave Fabian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMitochondria carry out essential functions for the cell, including energy production, various biosynthesis pathways, formation of co‐factors and cellular signalling in apoptosis and inflammation. The functionality of mitochondria requires the import of about 900–1300 proteins from the cytosol in baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and human cells, respectively. The vast majority of these proteins pass the outer membrane in a largely unfolded state through the translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane (TOM) complex. Subsequently, specific protein translocases sort the precursor proteins into the outer and inner membranes, the intermembrane space and matrix. Premature folding of mitochondrial precursor proteins, defects in the mitochondrial protein translocases or a reduction of the membrane potential across the inner mitochondrial membrane can cause stalling of precursors at the protein import apparatus. Consequently, the translocon is clogged and non‐imported precursor proteins accumulate in the cell, which in turn leads to proteotoxic stress and eventually cell death. To prevent such stress situations, quality control mechanisms remove non‐imported precursor proteins from the TOM channel. The highly conserved ubiquitin‐proteasome system of the cytosol plays a critical role in this process. Thus, the surveillance of protein import via the TOM complex involves the coordinated activity of mitochondria‐localized and cytosolic proteins to prevent proteotoxic stress in the cell.
Assessing phenotypic variation and plasticity of endemic gastropods from thermal water refugia using complex morphometric techniques: A case study of Lake Pețea melanopsids
Authors: Gulyás Sándor , Sümegi Pál , Müller Tamás , Geary Dana H. , Magyar Imre , Nagy Balázs , Benyó‐Korcsmáros Réka 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the underlying reasons for phenotypic plasticity and resulting morphological disparity is one of the key topics of evolutionary research. The phenotypic plasticity of extant and fossil melanopsids has been widely documented. Yet millennial‐resolution, well‐dated records from small aquatic habitats harboring endemics are scarce. The thermal spring‐fed Lake Pețea is an ice age refugia harboring a unique endemic warm‐water fauna. Subfossil melanopsids display incredible morphological variability from smooth to keeled, elongated to ribbed, shouldered forms. Numerous morphotypes have been considered as individual taxa with a fluent succession from the smooth elongated to the ribbed, shouldered types. This study presents an extensive morphometric analysis of subfossil melanopsids (ca. 3500 specimens) derived from stratified samples with an independent chronology. The aim was to separate morphotypes for investigations of temporal morphological disparity. Our results challenge the widely accepted hypothesis that proposes the evolution of shouldered, compressed, ribbed shells through a two‐step process from smooth elongated spindle‐shaped shells. Instead, it suggests that the subfossil shells belong to two distinct taxa present throughout the available stratigraphic data. The main components of shape variation, shape globularity, and shell coiling seem allometry‐related. Ribs, striation, and keels appear randomly. High‐spired spindle‐shaped forms were considered to represent specimens of Microcolpia daudebartii hazayi. Bulkier low‐spired and shouldered specimens represent phenotypes of Mi. parreyssii parreyssii. The collective and random distribution of morphotypes from the early stages of the lake's history also refutes the idea of a continuous transformation of the elongated forms into compressed, shouldered ones. Rather points to multiple events and environmental stimuli triggering development. Melanopsids appear in Late Glacial horizons, with Theodoxus prevostianus preferring temperatures above 23°C which may indicate the subordinate presence of hot water microhabitats in cooler waters.
Thermal image evaluation of crop diseases in the incubation period
Authors: Yang Yaya , Zhang Yan , Zhou Xingjiao , Zhao Jian , Bao Hao , Huang Renshuai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDEarly blight is one of the main diseases that causes serious pepper yield and quality reduction. The identification of the presymptomatic features during the incubation period is of great research significance, in that scientific prevention measures in the incubation period may effectively reduce the loss of peppers.RESULTSThe present study confirms the feasibility of the identification of presymptomatic features in pepper early blight by infrared thermography during the incubation period. The infrared thermal images of pepper blades were captured during the whole incubation period in our experiment. Evaluation parameters such as temperature uniformity (U) and the variation coefficient (C) were established by infrared thermal images for the blade temperature field. Evaluation parameters such as temperature uniformity U and variation coefficient C of pepper blades change during the time from being inoculated to significant morbidity. For cases of stabbing inoculation, there were no relatively obvious symptoms in visible light images until 96 h after inoculation, whereas some presymptomatic features appeared in infrared thermal images at 60 h after inoculation. Based on the uniformity changes (δU) and the variation coefficient changes (δC) in the temperature field distribution, the characteristic polynomial (CP)‐GBDT model has been established by optimizing the gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) model. Compared with the GBDT mode, the CP‐GBDT model accuracy increased from 87.5% to 91.7% on the test set.CONCLUSIONEvaluation parameters such as temperature uniformity U and variation coefficient C can be used to effectively characterize the presymptomatic features of pepper early blight by infrared thermography during the incubation period. The results of the present study can provide a reference for the detection of crop diseases in the incubation period. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Pre‐ and postharvest chitosan coatings extend the physicochemical and bioactive qualities of minimally processed ‘Crimson Seedless’ grapes during cold storage
Authors: Sabir Ferhan K , Unal Sevil , Aydın Suna , Sabir Ali 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDFood marketers desire residue‐free fresh grapes although grapes have a short postharvest life. This study was performed to determine the influences of pre‐ and/or postharvest chitosan (Ch) coatings on postharvest quality of minimally processed (stem‐detached) organic ‘Crimson Seedless’ berries. Berries were sorted as: (a) control (untreated berries); (b) preharvest Ch (dipping the clusters on the vine into 1% Ch 10 days before harvest at 20% soluble solid content (SSC)); (c) postharvest Ch (dipping the stem‐detached berries into 1% Ch); and (d) pre + postharvest Ch. Berries were stored in 12 × 15 cm rigid polypropylene cups for up to 42 days at 1.0 ± 0.5 °C.RESULTSPre‐ and/or postharvest Ch coating reduced weight loss during storage. Pre‐ + postharvest Ch was the best treatment for restricting polygalacturonase (PG) activity, extending the visual quality, color features (L*, C and h°), skin rupture force, biochemical (SSC, titratable acidity, maturity index and pH) and bioactive (total phenol content, antioxidant activity) features. Pre‐ or postharvest Ch was also significantly effective in maintaining many quality features.CONCLUSIONPre‐ and/or postharvest 1% Ch coatings effectively maintained the quality of minimally processed grape berries of organically produced ‘Crimson Seedless’ grapes by delaying weight loss and PG activity and keeping the postharvest physical, biochemical and bioactive features for 42‐day cold storage at 1.0 ± 0.5 °C. The combined use of pre‐ and postharvest Ch found to be more effective than single treatment. Thus, pre‐ + postharvest 1% Ch coating could be recommended as an ecofriendly sustainable methodology for extending the postharvest quality of minimally processed fresh grapes. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Expatriate managers in hospitality: A systematic literature review
Authors: Khliefat Aahed , Eyoun Khalid 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis systematic review endeavors to offer a comprehensive analysis of the research on expatriate managers in the hospitality industry, elucidate contemporary issues, and identify prominent trends that are important for both researchers and practitioners. This study utilizes bibliometric and thematic analytic methodologies to trace the development of academic scholarship on expatriate managers over time, highlighting emerging themes at critical points in the literature. A review of 43 articles published between 1990 and 2023 reveals that researchers have paid disproportionate attention to issues that arise and encounter managers during their international assignments, while giving far less attention to issues related to returning home, expatriate work‐life balance, family dynamics, and female expatriates. Imperative voids in the literature on hospitality expatriation are revealed and theoretical and practical consequences are advanced, including suggestions for future research and methods for improving expatriate managers' journeys in international hospitality assignments. To the best of our knowledge, this review is a groundbreaking effort in this academic field, paving the way for future studies that aim to shed light on the complex realities faced by hospitality industry expatriate managers.
Coronal Plane Assessment for Levator Trauma
Authors: Shek Ka Lai , Dietz Hans Peter 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveLevator avulsion is a major etiological factor of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and is primarily diagnosed on tomographic axial plane imaging. Two‐dimensional imaging can also image the levator. The objective was to test reproducibility and validity of coronal plane assessment for diagnosis of levator trauma by assessing the coronal plane obtained on tomographic ultrasound imaging.MethodsA retrospective study of women who had undergone an interview, POPQ and four‐dimensional translabial ultrasound at a tertiary urogynecological unit. Post‐processing of archived volume data was performed for assessment; and levator muscle area and estimate of remnant muscle mass in the coronal plane. Interobserver reproducibility of the latter two measures and associations between various measures of levator trauma and POP were tested.ResultsInterobserver agreement was good for percentage estimates (ICC 0.743), but fair for area measurements (ICC 0.482). Six hundred and twenty four women were seen, 468 (75%) had significant clinical prolapse. Full levator avulsions were diagnosed in 137 (22%). Mean TTS was 2.7 (range 0–12). On coronal plane assessment average muscle area was 1.47 (SD 0.76) cm2 and 1.55 (SD 0.74) cm2 on the right and left, respectively (P = .005). It was 76% and 79% for average estimates of muscle mass (P = .021). Both measures were strongly associated with POP; however, they were not superior to TTS in predicting POP.ConclusionCoronal plane assessment in volume data is reproducible and valid for evaluation of levator trauma. Muscle mass estimate may be a better measure than muscle area.
Skin manifestations and human immunodeficiency virus infection in the Tigray region, Ethiopia: Implications for clinical management and epidemiologic surveillance
Authors: Morrone Aldo , Abril Elva , Cavallo Ilaria , Sivori Francesca , Sperduti Isabella , Lora Viviana , D'Agosto Giovanna , Trento Elisabetta , Pontone Martina , Mastrofrancesco Arianna , Kelbore Abraham Getachew , Daba Gutema Frehiwot , Sammain Adel , Latini Ottavio , Di Domenico Enea Gino , Pimpinelli Fulvia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection may present a large variety of skin manifestations, often associated with significant morbidity. In turn, dermatological diseases may represent an early sign of HIV infection, particularly in resource‐limited settings.ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the spectrum of dermatological diseases and their potential value as clinical proxies for the early detection and management of HIV in a rural region of Ethiopia.MethodsThe study was performed on a population of 67,161 patients with skin diseases attending the Italian Dermatological Center in Mekele, Tigray region, Ethiopia. HIV infection was diagnosed in 1892 individuals (1065 female), all naïve to antiretroviral therapy.ResultsInfectious skin diseases were present in 57.2% of the total HIV population. Among the infectious skin manifestations, dermatophytosis (20.5%), impetigo (5.9%), candidiasis (4.7%) and molluscum contagiosum (4.7%) were significantly more represented in patients with HIV infection (p < 0.001). Regarding the noninfectious manifestations, pruritus and atrophy of the papillae on the tongue were significantly associated with HIV (p < 0.001). Notably, females had a significantly higher incidence of dermatophytosis and seborrheic dermatitis as compared to their male counterparts (p < 0.001), whereas scabies, psoriasis and leishmaniasis were significantly more frequent in males (p < 0.001).ConclusionsSkin manifestations are common in HIV patients, often reflecting compromised immune status. In addition, Dermatophytosis and pruritus were the most frequently reported manifestations of HIV, thus representing useful clinical proxies to raise the suspicion of an underlying HIV infection. Besides, gender differences in skin manifestations should also be considered in the clinical evaluation.