bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Jk(a+weak): a new blood group phenotype associated with an altered JK*01 allele
Authors: Wester Elisabet S. , Storry Jill R. , Olsson Martin L. 
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND: The clinically important Kidd (JK) blood group system is considered to be relatively uncomplicated, both serologically and genetically. The JK*01 and JK*02 alleles give rise to Jka and Jkb antigens, respectively, and silenced alleles result in Jk(a−b−). Other inherited variants analogous to Fyx and weak D phenotypes have not been characterized for JK, although recent abstracts indicate their presence.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Six index samples from individuals whose RBCs reacted variably or weakly with different sources of anti‐Jka and 300 controls of the four known JK phenotypes were investigated by standard serology, flow cytometry, Western blotting, and the urea hemolysis test. Molecular analysis, including allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA sequencing, and transcript analysis by real‐time PCR, was performed.RESULTS: All Jk(a+wb−) and Jk(a+wb+) index samples were homo‐ or heterozygous for an altered JK*01 allele carrying 130G>A (Glu44Lys) and the JK*02‐associated silent SNPs 588G and Intron 9 –46g. Blood donor screening indicated an allele frequency of 0.042. Titration and flow cytometry with anti‐Jka gave lower values in index samples compared to controls, as did anti‐Jk3 titers. Donors with 130A also showed significantly decreased Jka density by flow cytometry versus 130G. Western blotting with anti‐UT‐B demonstrated weaker reactivity with Jk(a+w) membranes while JK mRNA levels could not discriminate index samples from controls. The urea hemolysis test was only moderately affected in two Jk(a+wb−) samples.CONCLUSIONS: A new phenotype with weakened Jka expression on RBCs is associated with a JK*01‐like allele, which may constitute a risk for hemolytic transfusion reactions if antigen‐positive units are missed by routine serology.
Risk for perioperative myocardial infarction and mortality in patients undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty: the role of anemia
Authors: Mantilla Carlos B. , Wass C. Thomas , Goodrich Karissa A. , Johanns Cassie J. , Kool Michelle L. , Zhu Xun , Corredor Jose A. , Warner David O. , Joyner Michael J. , Berry Daniel J. , Schroeder Darrell R. , Sprung Juraj 
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND: Anemia is common in patients undergoing surgery. This study was designed to determine whether preoperative anemia represents an independent risk factor for 30‐day mortality and nonfatal myocardial infarction (death/MI) in patients undergoing major orthopedic arthroplasty surgery.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Between January 1987 and December 2006 at the Mayo Clinic, 391 orthopedic patients experienced death/MI within 30 days of the index surgery. For each patient included in the event cohort (case), one control patient (1:1 ratio) was identified matched according to sex, age, type of joint operation (hip vs. knee vs. bilateral knee), primary operation versus revision, emergent versus elective, and date of surgery. Association of preoperative hemoglobin (Hb) with death/MI was assessed by multiple linear regression including preoperative Hb and all other characteristics and comorbid conditions found to have some evidence (p < 0.10) of univariate association with death/MI.RESULTS: After adjusting for other perioperative risk factors, anemia (Hb < 12.0 g/dL for females and <13.0 g/dL for males) was not a significant independent risk factor for death/MI (odds ratio [OR], 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54‐1.20; p = 0.286), nor was Hb when treated as a continuous variable (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.81‐1.19 per 1.0 g/dL decrease below 13.0 g/dL; p = 0.868). Cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, or pulmonary disease and history of recent malignancy were found to be the most important risk factors for death/MI.CONCLUSION: Existing comorbidities, rather than preoperative anemia, were independently associated with major morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing major orthopedic arthroplasty.
Anaphylactic shock to fresh‐frozen plasma inactivated with methylene blue
Authors: Nubret Karine , Delhoume Martine , Orsel Isabelle , Laudy Jean Sainte , Sellami Mohamed , Nathan Nathalie 
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND: Methylene blue allergy is a well‐known entity associated with food or lymph node location. Inactivation of viruses by methylene blue in fresh‐frozen plasma (FFP‐MB) has been recently introduced in France after many years of use in other parts of Europe.CASE REPORT: We describe here two anaphylactic shock reactions occurring during FFP‐MB infusion in patients after cardiac surgery. The follow‐up was favorable using epinephrine infusion in one patient and extracorporeal circulatory assistance in the other.RESULTS: The allergy was suspected based on the following arguments: chronology of the event, absence of other allergen infused to patients, and an associated symptom (generalized rash). Methylene blue allergy was documented by prick tests and/or intradermal reactions with methylene blue and patent blue. Additional allergic tests with basophil activation tests confirm the role of the dye in the anaphylactic reaction.CONCLUSION: These two cases questioned the safety of FFP‐MB.
A maximal cycle exercise protocol to predict maximal oxygen uptake
Authors: Andersen L. B. 
Published: July 2010

Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was predicted from maximal power output (MPO) in a progressive cycle ergometer test. The subjects were 232 men and 303 women 15–28 years of age. The relationship between VO2max and MPO was: V O2max (1 · min−1) = 0.16 + (0.0117 × MPO) (w). A correlation coefficient of r= 0.88 was found between MPO and VO2max. Test‐retest reliability was evaluated by two procedures. Standard deviations of test‐retest differences in MPO and VO2max using the same standardized procedure in 35 subjects, were 10% and 8%, respectively, and Pearson correlations between test and retest values were 0.95 and 0.96, respectively.When MPO of tests conducted at the schools was compared to a standardized test performed by a physiologist in 267 subjects, test‐retest Pearson correlation was 0.82. A prediction model only including MPO and explaining 80% of the variability in VO2max, is suggested for use in healthy adolescents and young adults.
Comparison of saccadic eye movements and facility of ocular accommodation in female volleyball players and non‐players
Authors: Jafarzadehpur E. , Aazami N. , Bolouri B. 
Published: July 2010

There is controversy on the interaction of sport exercise and visual functions. Some aspects of visual skills have been evaluated in volleyball players.Eighty‐three normal females were categorized in four groups; non‐players (NP), beginner volleyball players, intermediate and advanced players. Facility of accommodation and far saccade for optotypes at three distances were measured.The athletes showed better facility of accommodation and saccadic eye movement (SEM) than the non‐playing control group. There was a significant difference (P<0.001) between NP and beginner players with advanced players and intermediate players.There are mutual interrelations between the visual system and sensory‐motor coordination of the whole body. In a “programed” activity many motor and sensorial elements interactively influence one another. The visual system, as the most important coordinator, navigates the “programed” activities. The facility of accommodation shows how fast clear vision can be accomplished. The SEM shows how fast visual system can fixate on an object. Improvement of these two parameters indicates that the visual system can change fixation very fast and clearly see a new fixation point promptly. These are the requirement for a good volleyball player; hence, we find better visual performance in advanced players than in others.
Factors Influencing Best‐Practice Guideline Implementation: Lessons Learned from Administrators, Nursing Staff, and Project Leaders
Authors: Ploeg Jenny , Davies Barbara , Edwards Nancy , Gifford Wendy , Miller Pat Elliott 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT Background: Clinical practice guidelines are promising tools for closing the research evidence‐practice gap, yet effective and timely implementation of guidelines into practice remains fragmented and inconsistent. Factors influencing effective guideline implementation remain poorly understood, particularly in nursing. A sound understanding of barriers and facilitators is critical for development of effective and targeted guideline implementation strategies. Aim: This paper reports the perceptions of administrators, staff, and project leaders about factors influencing implementation of nursing best practice guidelines. Methods: Twenty‐two organizations, in clusters of two to five, implemented one of seven guidelines in acute, community and long‐term care settings. The topics were client centered care, crisis intervention, healthy adolescent development, pain assessment, pressure ulcers, supporting and strengthening families and therapeutic relationships. Fifty‐nine administrators, 58 staff and 8 project leaders participated in post implementation semi‐structured telephone interviews. Qualitative thematic analysis was conducted. Findings: Factors at individual, organizational and environmental levels were identified as influencing guideline implementation. Facilitators included learning about the guideline through group interaction, positive staff attitudes and beliefs, leadership support, champions, teamwork and collaboration, professional association support, and inter‐organizational collaboration and networks. Barriers included negative staff attitudes and beliefs, limited integration of guideline recommendations into organizational structures and processes, time and resource constraints, and organizational and system level change. Similarities and differences in perceptions of these factors were found among staff, project leaders and administrators. Implications/Conclusions: Best practice guideline implementation strategies should address barriers related to the individual practitioner, social context, and organizational and environmental context, and should be tailored to different groups of stakeholders (i.e., nursing staff, project leaders and administrators). Health care administrators need to recognize the “real” costs and complexity associated with successful implementation of guidelines and the need to ensure corporate commitment at the onset.
A FRAMEWORK FOR DEVELOPING COMPUTERIZED FARM MANAGEMENT INFORMATION
Authors: Connor Larry J. , Vincent Warren H. 
Published: July 2010

Despite the current interest of agricultural economists in the use of computers to provide information to farm managers, much remains to be done before the potential of the computer will be fully realized in the area of applied farm management for a large number of farms. From the standpoint of computer capability, the information possibilities are endless. Thus, the primary object for study is not the computer, but rather the manager and the information he needs in performing his functions. Major functions performed by managers are reviewed and related to types of information required to perform these functions. The conclusion is that the crucial element is providing decision‐making information, and that computerized systems will have limited application unless they are able to indicate problem areas, suggest the dimensions of the problems, and point to prescriptive action.CADRE ĎANALYSE CONCERNANT LE DÉVELOPPEMENT DE LA GEST10N AGR1COLE SUR ORDINATEUR – En dépit, de ľintérit croissant des économistes ruraux dans ľutilisation ďordinateurs afin de fournir des informations aux fermiers, beaucoup reste à faire avant que les possibilites de ľordinateur aient étéépuisées dans le domaine de la geslion pour un grand nombre ďexploitations. Au niveau des performances de ľordinateur, les possibilités sont inépuisables. Ainsi, le premier objectif n'est pas ďétudier ľordinateur, mais plutôt le directeur et les informations dont il a besoin pour accomplir son travail. Les plus importantes fonctions accomplies par les directeurs sont passées en revue et reliées aux types ďinformations requises pour accomplir ces fonctions. La conclusion est que ľaccent doit être mis sur la fourniture ďinformations permettant de prendre des décisions et que les systèmes de traitement de ľinformation devront avoir des applications limitées à moins qu'ils soient capables šindiquer les zones de problèmes, ďen montrer les dimensions et de suggérer quelques actions prescriptives.
A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSIS OF MARKET EFFICIENCY
Authors: Warrack Allan A. 
Published: July 2010

Important agricultural marketing policies and decisions are constantly before industry and government. Much market research is being supported. There is a need to “bridge” research with policy. The core of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework that spans the needed analysis of marketing efficiency. The basic point is that marketing policy must focus on both competition and physical operations. The analysis of this paper builds upon Clark's concept of workable competition and Sosnick's extension to the concept of effective competition. Market efficiency is separated into operational efficiency and exchange efficiency components; the determinants of each component are diagnosed and analyzed in terms of costs and pricing. While the agricultural marketing process produces increments of product form, space, and time utility, costs are incurred. Cost analysis is central to the notion of operational efficiency; cost levels depend upon market organization and the feasible set of market logistics. Exchange efficiency refers primarily to price; the effectiveness with which price reflects costs depends upon market structures and the applicable competitive strategies. The conceptual framework developed in this paper integrates the preceding relationships and formalizes an approach for decisions. Trade‐offs often exist between operational efficiency and exchange efficiency components of market efficiency. When a trade‐off relationship exists, market efficiency is maximized by equalizing the gain in one component with the opportunity‐cost loss in the other component.Le gourvernement el I'industrie font continuellemeni face àďimportante décisions dans le domaine des marchés el de la politique agricloe. Ces deux groupes subven‐tionnenl les recherches dans ce domaine. II y a un besoin de Her la recherche avec la politique. ľessentiel de cet article est de développer un côdre qui comprend ľanalyse nécessaire pour ľefficacité du marché, le point important est que le politique du marché doit se concentrer sur le concurrence et les operations.L'analyse de cet article travail sur le théorie de concurrence réalisable de Clark et sur celle Sosnick traitant de ľExtension de la concurrence effective. ľefficacité du marché est diversé en deux éléments: ľexploitation efftcace el ľechange éfficace, les facteurs déterminant de chaque élément sont soumis à un diagnostic et à une analyse en termes du coût et du prix
THE AGRICULTURAL POTENTIALS OF CANADA'S RESOURCES AND TECHNOLOGY*
Authors: Manning Travis W. 
Published: July 2010

Canada's agricultural potential during the 1980's will be constrained by the availability and prices of productive agricultural land, water, energy, labour, and technology. Resources for further expansion of agricultural production are becoming increasingly scarce. Past expansions were made possible largely by the substitution of cheap fossil energy for expensive labour. Further expansion will necessitate new technology that is both energy saving and labour saving. A multifaceted program involving government, farmers, and other components of the food system is needed to achieve Canada's agricultural potentials. Agricultural expansions in the 1990's will depend first upon the success of the programs designed for the 1980's and second upon new scientific knowledge and technological adaptations. Without a massive and well coordinated effort to meet the needs of agriculture, Canada could become a food deficit nation before the end of this century.Le potentiel de ľAgriculture du Canada durant les 1980's va être contraint par la disponibilité et le pri.x de la terre, ľeau, ľenergie, le travail et la technologie productive. Les ressources pour ľavancement de la production agricoie deviennent de plus en plus rare. Les expansions du passé ont été possible par la substitution de ľénergie fossile pour le travail dispendieux.Un autre anvancement va nécessiter une nouvelle technologie qui sauvera ľenergie et le travail.Un programme qui comprend le gouvernement les fermiers et touts les autres constituents du système alimentaire est nécessaire si le Canada va achever son potential agricoie. Les expansions agricoles des 1990's vont depéndre premièrement du succès des programmes developpés pour les 1980's et deuxièment de nouvelles connaissances scientifique et de nouvelles adaptations technologigues. Sans un effort massif et sans un grand effort coordonné dans le domaine de ľagriculture, le Canada peut devenir un pays qui manque de la nourriture avant la fin du siècle.
RESOURCE ALLOCATION IN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH USING SOCIO‐ECONOMIC EVALUATION AND MATHEMATICAL MODELS*
Authors: Russell D. G. 
Published: July 2010

A Resource Allocation System for Agricultural Research (RASAR) was developed [40] as a framework (a) to provide adequate criteria for resource allocation decisions, !(b) to guide the assessment of research, and (c) to effectively use mathematical models to generate decision‐aiding information.RASAR was conceptualized as an iterative system for selecting a portfolio of research projects such that the research outputs would provide society with the potential power to change the agricultural system in ways that are expected to bring about the greatest improvement in social welfare. The ultimate goal of agricultural research was tentatively identified as having nine dimensions in three broad categories: Consumption category–(1) Quantity, (2) Quality, (3) Availability; Security category–{4) Human Safety, (5) Economic Defense, (6) Food Sources Security, (7) Conservation; Equity category–(8) Distribution, (9) Individual Rights. Subsystems within RASAR for generating socio‐economic data relating to these dimensions were specified and demonstrated with case study research projects. A mathematical programming model for assimilating the complexity of criteria and data into a form which is readily usable for decision making was developed and evaluated.Un système ď allocation des fonds pour les recherches agronomiques (SAFRA) a été développé [40] comme un cadre de travail (a) pour fournir les critères nécessaircs pour décisions en matière ď allocation de fonds, (b) pour guider la répartion des recherches, el (c) pour employés efficacement des modèles mathématiques pour engendrer des informations pour aider les décisions.On a conçu le SAFRA comme système itératif pouvant être utilisé pour la sélection ď un portejeuille de projets de recherche tel que le rendement pourraient fournir avec une force potentielle à la société le possibilityé de changer le système agricole dans le sens qui permettrait la plus grande amélioration du bien‐être social. Le but final de la recherche agronomique a été défini expérimentalement comme ayant nef dimensions dans trois grandes catégories: Catégorie de la consommation–(1) qitantilé, (2) qualityé, (3) disponibilité; Catégorie de la sécurité–(4) sécurité de ľ homme, (5) défense économique, (6) sécurité des ressources alimentaires, (7) conservation; Catégorie ďéquite–(8) distribution, (9) droits de ľ individu. Pour fournir les données socio‐économiques sc rapportant à ces dimensions, des sous‐systèmes out étéétablis an sein du SAFRA et ils out été démontré sur la base ď une étude de projets de recherche. On a également développé et évalué un modèle mathématique de programmation pour assimiler la complexité des critères et des données sous une forme qui pent être facilement utilisée pour la prise de décisions.
Crop Depredation by Waterfowl: Is Compensation the Solution?
Authors: Stier J.C. , Bishop R.C. 
Published: July 2010

This article examines the apparent failure of public programs which provide reimbursement for agricultural losses in order to quell opposition to concentrations of migratory waterfowl. A theoretical model and case study are employed to investigate the complex economic incentives arising from the presence of waterfowl, the availability of compensation, and public assistance with prevention of loss. It is concluded that compensation and dispersal assistance generate conflicting incentives, and that the limited success of the former could also be due to satiation in consumption and to administrative inefficiencies.The paper examines an alternative to compensation — institutional change which would enable farmers to capture willingness to pay for the opportunity to hunt waterfowl—and concludes that it is worthy of greater attention from policymakers.Cet article examine l'échec apparent des programmes publics destines à rembourser les agriculteurs des penes dues aux oiseaux aquatiques migrateurs. Un modèle théorique et une étude de cas sont utilisés pour examiner les motifs économiques compliqués qui résultent de la presence de ces oiseaux, les fonds de dédommagemenl disponibles, et l'action publique pour la prévention des pertes. II est conclu que dédommagemenl et assistance pour la dispersion des oiseaux produisent des conflits d'intérêl, el que l'insuccès partiel de la première mesure pourrai êire clûà I'incompétence administrative et à un effet de sur‐consommation.Cet article examine une alternative au dédommagement: un changement d'institutions qui permettrait au fermier de récupérer la valeur de la chasse aux oiseaux aquatiques migraleurs. On conclut que cetle solution mérite plus d'attenlion de la pan des agents de decision.
An Analysis of Alternative Income Stabilization Programs for B.C. Beef Producers
Authors: Kennedy George , Tang Yan Sing 
Published: July 2010

This paper uses simulation to estimate the costs and effects of provincial government programs designed to stabilize the incomes of B.C. beef producers, assuming that these programs had operated over the period 1959–78. A mathematical model of the British Columbia beef industry was constructed and successive runs were made, each assuming operation of one of the three programs: the 1977 and 1980 Farm Income Assurance Programs (FIAPs) and a guaranteed price scheme. All three programs were found to have a similar impact on increasing producer incomes, but FIAP(1980) was inferior in terms of its effect on reducing income variability. The income gains to producers differed depending on whether calves, calf‐yearlings or yearlings were involved.Dans cette communication, on utilise la simulation pour èvaluer les coúts el les effets des programmes provinciaux visanl à stabiliser les revenus des producteurs de boeufs de C.B. On suppose que ces programmes ont été en vigueur durant la pèriode 1959–78. On a báTti un modé le mathématique de I'industrie du boeufen C.B. et ètudièplusieurspossibilités, chacune d'elles ayant comme hypolhèse que l'un des trois programmes suivants ètait en vigueur: les programmes d'assurance de revenu agricole de 1977 et 1980 (FIAP) et unplan deprix garanti. On a trouv'e que ces trois programmes avaient comme effet commun d'augmenter les revenu du producteur, mats FIAP (1980) n'avaitpas autant fail diminuer la variabilitè des revenu que les deux autres programmes. Les gains en revenus pour les producteurs differaienl, suivant quil s'agissait de veaux, de veaux d'un an ou d'autres animaux d'un an.