bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel extrathoracic puncture techniques for pacemaker lead insertion: Pitfalls of the conventional extrathoracic puncture method
Authors: Sawasaki Kohei , Sato Terumori , Takayama Yohei , Yokota Shigeki , Morita Yasuhiro , Kobayashi Masakazu , Saito Makoto , Takanaka Chiei , Muto Masahiro 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIntroductionSurgical procedures for pacemaker implantation vary among facilities. The extrathoracic venous puncture method has been utilized for lead insertion, although patients' body movements can displace the targeted vein from the area into which a contrast agent has been injected for imaging. Failed punctures cause edema around the puncture site, spasm, or venous collapse due to bleeding, which may render another puncture impractical. To overcome these problems, we report a new technique for the extrathoracic puncture method.Methods and resultsFrom April 2007 through March 2011, we performed 35 new dual chamber pacemaker implantation procedures. This study compared a conventional puncture group (from April 2007 through March 2009; Group A) with a catheter‐guided puncture group (from April 2009 through March 2011; Group B). We analyzed procedure time and procedure‐related complications in each group. The procedure time was 138.6±41.8 min in the conventional puncture group (Group A) and 109.8±23.2 in the catheter‐guided puncture group (Group B). There was a significant reduction in the procedure time in the catheter‐guided puncture group (Group B) compared with the conventional puncture group (Group A; p=0.016). No patients in either group had pneumothorax, hematoma, or any other complications.ConclusionOur puncture method involving catheter insertion appears to be safe and effective.
Actual conditions of implantable defibrillation therapy over 5 years in Japan
Authors: Shimizu Akihiko , Nitta Takashi , Kurita Takashi , Imai Katsuhiko , Kobayashi Yoshinori , Soejima Kyouko , Niwano Shinnichi , Watanabe Shigeyuki , Abe Harushiko , Aizawa Yoshifusa , Okumura Ken 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to describe the recent conditions associated with implantable defibrillation therapy for individual underlying heart diseases.MethodsTen thousand six hundred and five patients with implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICDs) or cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillators (CRT‐Ds) that were implanted from 2006 to 2010 were selected from the Japan Cardiac Device Therapy Registry database. They were divided into 12 disease categories and further divided into either primary or secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death.ResultsThe major underlying diseases of the patients in this cohort were ischemic heart disease (IHD, 35%), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM, 25%), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM, 8%), and Brugada syndrome (Brugada, 8%). There were no structural heart diseases in this cohort; the incidence of IHD was relatively lower than that of western countries, while the incidence of cardiomyopathy was higher. The percentage of primary prevention (% primary) among the individual diseases varied. IHD was the most prevalent underlying condition in the patient cohort; however, the % primary was 33%, which was relatively lower than that of the other structural heart diseases. The % primary was relatively higher in patients with DCM (57%) and Brugada (47%). Over 5 years, the % primary gradually increased in patients with DCM, IHD, and HCM, with a particularly dramatic increase in those with DCM. A decrease in the % primary among patients with Brugada began in 2008.ConclusionsIn patients that underwent implantable defibrillation therapy, there was a relatively lower % primary in the IHD group, and a substantial increase in the % primary in patients with DCM.
Prevalence and significance of the early repolarization pattern in inferolateral leads in patients with Brugada syndrome: A single‐center study
Authors: Ohkubo Kimie , Watanabe Ichiro , Okumura Yasuo , Kofune Masayoshi , Nagashima Koichi , Mano Hiroaki , Sonoda Kazumasa , Nakai Toshiko , Kasamaki Yuji , Hirayama Atsushi , Sumitomo Naokata , Nakayama Tomohiro 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn this study, the prevalence and prognostic significance of the early repolarization (ER) pattern in the inferolateral leads in patients with Brugada syndrome were investigated. Clinical, genetic, and electrophysiological data were collected and analyzed from 69 individuals with either a spontaneous or drug‐induced Brugada type 1 electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern. An ER pattern was defined as J‐point elevation at least 0.1 mV from the baseline in at least 2 inferior or lateral leads. The presence of late potentials and inducibility of ventricular fibrillation (VF) by programmed stimulation were compared between patients with and without a J wave. Follow‐up data, including outcome events, were obtained for all patients. An ER pattern was observed in the inferolateral leads in 6 patients with a spontaneous Brugada type 1 ECG pattern and in 1 patient with a drug‐induced Brugada type 1 ECG pattern. There was no significant intergroup difference in symptoms, family history of sudden cardiac death, prevalence of late potentials, or inducibility of VF. No patient with the ER pattern developed a cardiac event during the mean follow‐up period of 73.6±38.1 months. The ER pattern in the inferolateral leads is not uncommon in Brugada syndrome; however, the presence of a J wave does not appear to be associated with subsequent arrhythmic events in patients with Brugada syndrome.
Epidemiologische Studien auf Basis von Sekundärdaten
Authors: Swart Enno , Ihle Peter 
Published: July 2012

Einleitung
Die Nutzung von Routinedaten der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung und anderer Sozialversicherungsträger (Sekundärdaten) hat in den letzten 20 Jahren innerhalb der Versorgungsforschung und –epidemiologie einen starken Aufschwung erfahren. In Kenntnis der Chancen und Limitationen der Nutzung dieser Daten, sowie der Etablierung spezifischer methodischer Standards, werden diese Sekundärdaten nun auch für epidemiologische Studien durch die Möglichkeiten der Verknüpfung von Primär- und Sekundärdaten interessant.
Fingerprinting of glacial silt in lake sediments yields continuous records of alpine glaciation (35–15 ka), western USA
Authors: Rosenbaum Joseph G. , Reynolds Richard L. , Colman Steven M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractFingerprinting glacial silt in last glacial-age sediments from Upper Klamath Lake (UKL) and Bear Lake (BL) provides continuous radiocarbon-dated records of glaciation for the southeastern Cascade Range and northwestern Uinta Mountains, respectively. Comparing of these records to cosmogenic exposure ages from moraines suggests that variations in glacial flour largely reflect glacial extent. The two areas are at similar latitudes and yield similar records of glacial growth and recession, even though UKL lies less than 200 km from the ocean and BL is in the continental interior. As sea level began to fall prior to the global Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), existing glaciers in the UKL area expanded. Near the beginning of the global LGM (26.5 ka), the BL record indicates onset of glaciation and UKL-area glaciers underwent further expansion. Both records indicate that local glaciers reached their maximum extents near the end of the global LGM, remained near their maxima for ~ 1000 yr, and underwent two stages of retreat separated by a short period of expansion.
A STATISTICAL APPROACH TO EPISTEMIC DEMOCRACY
Authors: Pivato Marcus 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe briefly review Condorcet's and Young's epistemic interpretations of preference aggregation rules as maximum likelihood estimators. We then develop a general framework for interpreting epistemic social choice rules as maximum likelihood estimators, maximuma posterioriestimators, or expected utility maximizers. We illustrate this framework with several examples. Finally, we critique this program.
Density ratio effects on reacting bluff-body flow field characteristics
Authors: Emerson Benjamin , O’Connor Jacqueline , Juniper Matthew , Lieuwen Tim 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe wake characteristics of bluff-body-stabilized flames are a strong function of the density ratio across the flame and the relative offset between the flame and shear layer. This paper describes systematic experimental measurements and stability calculations of the dependence of the flow field characteristics and flame sheet dynamics upon flame density ratio,${\rho }_{u} / {\rho }_{b} $, over the Reynolds number range of 1000–3300. We show that two fundamentally different flame/flow behaviours are observed at high and low${\rho }_{u} / {\rho }_{b} $values: a stable, noise-driven fixed point and limit-cycle oscillations, respectively. These results are interpreted as a transition from convective to global instability and are captured well by stability calculations that used the measured velocity and density profiles as inputs. However, in this high-Reynolds-number flow, the measurements show that no abrupt bifurcation in flow/flame behaviour occurs at a given${\rho }_{u} / {\rho }_{b} $value. Rather, the flow field is highly intermittent in a transitional${\rho }_{u} / {\rho }_{b} $range, with the relative fraction of the two different flow/flame behaviours monotonically varying with${\rho }_{u} / {\rho }_{b} $. This intermittent behaviour is a result of parametric excitation of the global mode growth rate in the vicinity of a supercritical Hopf bifurcation. It is shown that this parametric excitation is due to random fluctuations in relative locations of the flame and shear layer.
Meat offerings and their preparation in the state cult of the Assyrian empire
Authors: Gaspa Salvatore 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis study examines the treatment of meat in Assyrian state cult of the first millenniumbce. To this aim, the administrative and cultic textual evidence about offerings of whole animals, meat cuts, and meat-based culinary preparations are considered here. After an overview of the meat offerings in the ritual action of a series of Assyrian cult ceremonies, the enquiry focuses on the culinary treatment, presentation, and manipulation of the sacrificial meat; the evidence discussed reveals that the culinary treatment of the meat offered differed according to the deity and the cultic occasion.
Electron acceleration in vacuum with two overlapping linearly polarized laser pulses
Authors: Wang Xiaoshan , Du Hongchuan , Hu Bitao 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA novel electron acceleration approach with two overlapping linearly polarized laser pulses in vacuum is proposed. By our simulation, the energy and space spreads can reduce greatly comparing with the acceleration with only one laser pulse having doubled peak laser intensity for realistic laser parameters and the average energy gain from our scheme can be doubled for certain pulse lengths, at the same time. Using numerical simulation, analytical criteria for optimal regimes of our acceleration scheme is found.
Life stress, the dopamine receptor gene, and emerging adult drug use trajectories: A longitudinal, multilevel, mediated moderation analysis
Authors: Brody Gene H. , Chen Yi-Fu , Yu Tianyi , Beach Steven R. H. , Kogan Steven M. , Simons Ronald L. , Windle Michael , Philibert Robert A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis study was designed to examine the prospective relations of life stress and genetic status with increases in drug use. African Americans (N = 399) in rural Georgia (Wave 1 mean age = 17 years) provided three waves of data across 27.5 months and a saliva sample from which the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene was genotyped. Multilevel growth curve modeling analysis indicated that emerging adults manifested the highest escalations in drug use when they reported high life stress and carried an allele of DRD4 with 7 or more repeats (7 + R allele). In addition, emerging adults who reported high life stress and carried the 7 + R allele evinced the largest increases in two proximal risk factors for drug use: affiliations with drug-using companions and drug use vulnerability cognitions. Furthermore, when the Gene × Environment interaction effects on the increases in affiliations with drug-using companions and vulnerability cognitions were entered into the model forecasting drug use, the Life Stress × DRD4 Status interaction on drug use became nonsignificant in the presence of the risk mechanisms. This finding provides an example of “second generation” Gene × Environment interaction research in which the interaction's effects on proximal risk mechanisms account for its effects on outcomes.
Instantiating the multiple levels of analysis perspective in a program of study on externalizing behavior
Authors: Beauchaine Theodore P. , Gatzke-Kopp Lisa M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDuring the last quarter century, developmental psychopathology has become increasingly inclusive and now spans disciplines ranging from psychiatric genetics to primary prevention. As a result, developmental psychopathologists have extended traditional diathesis–stress and transactional models to include causal processes at and across all relevant levels of analysis. Such research is embodied in what is known as the multiple levels of analysis perspective. We describe how multiple levels of analysis research has informed our current thinking about antisocial and borderline personality development among trait impulsive and therefore vulnerable individuals. Our approach extends the multiple levels of analysis perspective beyond simple Biology × Environment interactions by evaluating impulsivity across physiological systems (genetic, autonomic, hormonal, neural), psychological constructs (social, affective, motivational), developmental epochs (preschool, middle childhood, adolescence, adulthood), sexes (male, female), and methods of inquiry (self-report, informant report, treatment outcome, cardiovascular, electrophysiological, neuroimaging). By conducting our research using any and all available methods across these levels of analysis, we have arrived at a developmental model of trait impulsivity that we believe confers a greater understanding of this highly heritable trait and captures at least some heterogeneity in key behavioral outcomes, including delinquency and suicide.
Arrested development: The effects of incarceration on the development of psychosocial maturity
Authors: Dmitrieva Julia , Monahan Kathryn C. , Cauffman Elizabeth , Steinberg Laurence 
Published: July 2012

AbstractImprovements in temperance, perspective, and responsibility are a part of typical development of psychosocial maturity during adolescence. The existing literature suggests that the developmental course of psychosocial maturity is influenced by normative variations in social context, but little is known about how atypical contexts, such as incarceration, influence its development. The study investigates how the development of psychosocial maturity is affected by incarceration, using data from a 7-year longitudinal study of 1,171 adolescent males. We compared the effects of confinement in juvenile facilities with varying degrees of focus on incarceration versus rehabilitation (i.e., secure vs. residential treatment facilities) and tested whether facility quality and age at incarceration moderate the effect of incarceration on psychosocial maturity. The results indicate that incarceration in a secure setting, but not a residential treatment facility, is associated with a short-term decline in temperance and responsibility. The total amount of time incarcerated in a residential treatment facility, but not a secure setting, had a negative effect on the developmental trajectory of psychosocial maturity. Age at incarceration, but not the facility quality, moderated the effect of recent incarceration: older youths were more susceptible to short-term negative effects of recent incarceration in a secure setting, but they also benefited more than younger participants from short-term positive effects of incarceration in a residential treatment setting. Furthermore, youths who perceived their incarceration setting as unsafe evinced a decline in temperance. Future research and policy implications are discussed.
Planning from the future: an emerging agenda
Authors: Kent Randolph C. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn the foreseeable future, it is more than likely that the types, dimensions, and dynamics of crisis drivers will increase dramatically, in some instances exponentially. While a growing number of organizations with humanitarian roles and responsibilities sense that such changes are afoot, few have looked at how these might fundamentally affect not only what they do but also how they do it. This article suggests that it is time for humanitarian organizations to look far more systematically at the transformational factors that will increase disaster vulnerabilities around the world and also the opportunities that exist to mitigate them. The article notes that some of the most transformative factors affecting humanitarian action will be the result of new political structures in the post-Western hegemonic world and the growing political centrality of humanitarian crises. The consequences of these and other transformative factors mean that those with humanitarian roles and responsibilities will have to be far more anticipatory and adaptive than is the case today. They will have to pay far greater attention to innovation and innovative practices and significantly expand the ways in which and with whom they collaborate.
Determination of graphene work function and graphene-insulator-semiconductor band alignment by internal photoemission spectroscopy
Authors: Yan Rusen , Zhang Qin , Li Wei , Calizo Irene , Shen Tian , Richter Curt A. , Hight-Walker Angela R. , Liang Xuelei , Seabaugh Alan , Jena Debdeep , Grace Xing Huili , Gundlach David J. , Nguyen N. V. 
Published: July 2012

We determined the band alignment of a graphene-insulator-semiconductor structure using internal photoemission spectroscopy. From the flatband voltage and Dirac voltage, we infer a 4.6× 1011cm−2 negative extrinsic charge present on the graphene surface. Also, we extract the graphene work function to be 4.56 eV, in excellent agreement with theoretical and experimental values in literature. Electron and hole injection from heavily doped p-type silicon (Si) are both observed. The barrier height from the top of the valence band of Si to the bottom of the conduction band of silicon dioxide (SiO2) is found to be 4.3 eV. The small optical absorption in graphene makes it a good transparent contact to enable the direct observation of hole injection from Si to graphene. The barrier height for holes escaping from the bottom of Si conduction band to the top of SiO2 valence band is found to be 4.6 eV.
A phenomenological explanation for the anomalous ion heating observed in the JET alpha-heating experiment of 1997
Authors: Testa D. , Albergante M. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
In the so-called ‘alpha-heating’ experiment performed on the JET tokamak during the deuterium–tritium campaign of 1997, the ion temperature was found to be far exceeding (both in absolute value and in its rise time) the level that could have been expected from direct collisional heating by the fusion-born alpha particles themselves and energy equipartition with the electrons. To date, no explanation has been put forward for this long standing puzzle, despite much work having been performed on this subject in the early 2000s.
Two analysis methods that have recently become available have been employed to re-analyse these observations of an anomalous ion heating. First, an algorithm based on the sparse representation of signals has been used to analyse magnetic, reflectometry and electron-cyclotron emission measurements of the turbulence spectra in the drift-wave range of frequencies. This analysis has then been complemented with turbulence simulations performed with the GENE code.
We find, both experimentally and in the simulations, that the presence of a minority, but sufficiently large, population of fusion-born alpha particles that have not yet fully thermalized stabilizes the turbulence in the ion-drift direction, but practically does not affect the turbulence in the electron-drift direction. We link such stabilization of the ion-drift-wave turbulence to the increase in the ion temperature above the level achieved in similar discharges that did not have (at all or enough) alpha particles. When the fusion-born alpha particles have fully thermalized, the turbulence spectrum in the ion-drift direction reappears at somewhat larger amplitudes, which we link to the ensuing reduction in the ion temperature. This phenomenological dynamics fully corresponds to the actual experimental observations. By taking into account an effect of the alpha particles that had not been previously considered, our new analysis finally presents a phenomenological explanation for the so-far-unexplained anomalous ion heating observed in the JET alpha-heating experiment of 1997.
Through the formulation of an empirical criterion for ion-drift-wave turbulence stabilization by fusion-born alpha particles, we also show why similar observations were not made in the other deuterium–tritium experiments run so far in JET and TFTR. This allows assessing the operational domain for this stabilization mechanism for ion-drift-wave turbulence in future burning plasma experiments such as ITER, which may open a new path towards the sustainment of a high energy gain in such forthcoming devices.
Gemma: a resource for the reuse, sharing and meta-analysis of expression profiling data
Authors: Zoubarev Anton , Hamer Kelsey M. , Keshav Kiran D. , McCarthy E. Luke , Santos Joseph Roy C. , Van Rossum Thea , McDonald Cameron , Hall Adam , Wan Xiang , Lim Raymond , Gillis Jesse , Pavlidis Paul 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Summary: Gemma is a database, analysis software system and web site for genomics data re-use and meta-analysis. Currently, Gemma contains analyzed data from over 3300 expression profiling studies, yielding hundreds of millions of differential expression results and coexpression patterns (correlated expression) for retrieval and visualization. With optional registration users can save their own data and securely share it with other users. Web services and integration with third-party resources further increase the scope of the tools, which include a Cytoscape plugin.
Availability: http://chibi.ubc.ca/Gemma, Apache 2.0 license.
Contact: paul@chibi.ubc.ca