bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guild structure of ambrosia beetles attacking a deciduous oak treeQuercus serratain relation to wood oldness and seasonality in three locations in the Central Japan
Authors: SANGUANSUB Sunisa , GOTO Hideaki , KAMATA Naoto 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn order to determine factors influencing ambrosia beetle guilds onQuercus serrata, we investigated ambrosia beetles guilds by usingQ. serratabait logs in three locations in the Central Japan. Timing of cutting trees and timing of exposure were artificially controlled. Influences of location, timing of cutting, timing of exposure and wood oldness on species richness, abundances and guild structure were analyzed. Species richness and abundance peaked on bolts prepared in April–May, on bolts exposed in July, and on 2–3‐month‐old bolts. Eliminating greatest influences of location on abundance, results of hierarchical partitioning showed that timing of cutting trees had a strong influence on both species richness and abundance. LOC‐A (Aichi), in which Japanese oak wilt disease incidence occurred, showed the greatest species richness and the smallest value of Pielou's evenness. Abundance of the most major species was more than twice that of the second major species, which was a likely cause of the smallest evenness in LOC‐A. Trees killed by the Japanese oak wilt disease may have increased the abundance of the major species. On the contrary, in LOC‐C (Chichibu), alpha and beta diversity both given by Shannon index and Pielou's evenness were greatest among the three locations although species richness was smallest. High similarity between guilds in LOC‐A and LOC‐B (Chiba) was probably caused by similarity in vegetation. The location had the greatest effect on determining guild structure. Effect of timing of exposure was greater than timing of cutting. The effect of wood oldness was negligible. A hierarchical structure among the three factors was a likely cause of their relative importance determining guild structure.
An Automated Procedure Logging System Improves Resident Documentation Compliance
Authors: Seufert Thomas S. , Mitchell Patricia M. , Wilcox Allison R. , Rubin‐Smith Julia E. , White Laura F. , McCabe Kerry K. , Schneider Jeffrey I. 
Published: October 2011

Academic Emergency Medicine 2011; 18:S54–S58 © 2011 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineAbstractObjectives:  The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an automated procedure logging (APL) system on the number of procedures logged by emergency medicine (EM) residents. Secondary objectives were to assess the APL’s effect on completeness and accuracy of procedure logging and to measure resident compliance with the system.Methods:  This was a before‐and‐after study conducted at a university‐affiliated, urban medical center, with an annual emergency department census of >130,000. The EM residency is a 4‐year, Residency Review Committee (RRC)‐accredited program with 12 residents per year. We developed software to electronically search and abstract resident procedures documented in the electronic medical record (EMR) and automatically export them into a Web‐based residency management system. We compared the mean daily number of procedures logged for two 6‐month periods: October 1, 2009, to March 31, 2010 (pre‐APL), and October 1, 2010, to March 31, 2011 (post‐APL), using a two‐sample t‐test. We also generated a random sample of 231 logged procedures from both the pre‐ and post‐APL time periods to assess for completeness and accuracy of data transfer. Completeness and accuracy in the pre‐ and post‐APL periods were compared using Fisher’s exact test. Aggregate resident compliance with the system was also measured.Results:  The mean daily number of procedures logged increased by 168% (10.0 vs. 26.8, mean difference = 16.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 15.4 to 18.2, p < 0.001) after the implementation of APL. Procedures logged with the APL system were more complete (76% vs. 100%, p < 0.001) and more accurate (87% vs. 99%, p < 0.001). Most residents (42/48, 88%) used APL to log at least 90% of procedures. Only 4% of procedures eligible for automation were logged manually in the post‐APL period.Conclusions:  There was a significant increase in the daily mean number of procedures logged after the implementation of APL. Recorded data were more complete and more accurate during this time frame. This innovative system improved resident logging of required procedures and helped our assessment of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Patient Care and Practice‐Based Learning Competencies for individual residents.
Diversity in Emergency Medicine Education: Expanding the Horizon
Authors: Bowman Steven H. , Moreno‐Walton Lisa , Ezenkwele Ugo A. , Heron Sheryl L. 
Published: October 2011

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2011; 18:S104–S109 © 2011 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineAbstractAn emergency medicine (EM)‐based curriculum on diversity, inclusion, and cultural competency can also serve as a mechanism to introduce topics on health care disparities. Although the objectives of such curricula and the potential benefits to EM trainees are apparent, there are relatively few resources available for EM program directors to use to develop these specialized curricula. The object of this article is to 1) broadly discuss the current state of curricula of diversity, inclusion, and cultural competency in EM training programs; 2) identify tools and disseminate strategies to embed issues of disparities in health care in the creation of the curriculum; and 3) provide resources for program directors to develop their own curricula. A group of EM program directors with an interest in cultural competency distributed a preworkshop survey through the Council of Emergency Medicine Residency Directors (CORD) e‐mail list to EM program directors to assess the current state of diversity and cultural competency training in EM programs. Approximately 50 members attended a workshop during the 2011 CORD Academic Assembly as part of the Best Practices track, where the results of the survey were disseminated and discussed. In addition to the objectives listed above, the presenters reviewed the literature regarding the rationale for a cultural competency curriculum and its relationship to addressing health care disparities, the relationship to unconscious physician bias, and the Tool for Assessing Cultural Competence Training (TACCT) model for curriculum development.
A comparison between laser‐doppler imaging and colorimetry in the assessment of scarring: “a pilot study”
Authors: Peeters Wouter , Anthonissen Mieke , Deliaert An , Van der Hulst Rene , Van den Kerckhove Eric 
Published: October 2011

Background:This cross‐sectional pilot‐study investigated the reproducibility of the LDI (Moor‐LDI‐B2; Moor Instruments) and the chromameter (Minolta chromameter CR‐300) when used in scar assessment.Methods:Twenty‐seven scars in 14 subjects were included between January and June 2003. One observer performed two times both measurements with 10 min apart. The intra‐observer agreement is quantified by means of the intra‐class correlations (ICC) and the standard errors of measurement (SEM) for both the LDI and the chromameter.Results:Ignoring one outlier, the ICC of the LDI = 0.856 and the SEM = 34.56. The chromameter shows a better reproducibility with an ICC of 0.93 and a SEM of 0.79.Conclusion:This pilot‐study with a limited number of measurements shows a moderate reproducibility of the LDI compared to the chromameter measurements, in the assessment of respectively flux and redness in scars.
Shifting Gas Artefact Sign: Early sonographic detection of pneumoperitoneum
Authors: Gee Paul 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis case report describes the use of ultrasound to diagnose pneumoperitoneum in an unstable patient with abdominal pain. Gas in peritoneum produces a specific sonographic appearance. The use of dynamic manoeuvres improves confidence in the ultrasound diagnosis of free gas. The Shifting Gas Artefact Sign is explained. The literature on sonographic detection of pneumoperitoneum is reviewed. The detection of pneumoperitoneum is a significant finding in non‐traumatic abdominal pain and also in blunt abdominal trauma. In both settings more research is required to validate the utility of the test in the acute setting.
A11 Achy Breaky Makey Wakey Heart?
Authors: Woollard M , McWhinnie B , Poposki J , Rawlins L , Munro G , O'Meara P 
Published: October 2011

BackgroundMusic has been recommended as an aid to improving chest compression quality, but research indicates the popular European tune “Nellie the Elephant” reduces the proportion of lay-persons compressing at the correct depth.ObjectivesCompared to no music (NM), does listening to “Achy Breaky Heart” (ABH) or “Disco Science” (DS) increase the proportion of CPR-trained health professionals delivering compressions at the 100 bpm recommended rate and 4–5 cm depth?MethodsRandomised cross-over trial recruiting at the 2009 ACAP conference.FindingsOf 74 participants 50% were male; median age was 37; 61% were paramedics, 20% students, and 19% other health professionals. 54% had taken CPR training within 1 year. Mode and IQR for compression rate were NM 105 (99–116);ABH120 (107–120);DS104 (103–107). Differences between-interventions were significant for NM vsABHandDSvsABH(p<0.001) but not NM vsDS(p=0.478). Compression rates of 95-105 were achieved with NM,ABH, andDSfor 26/74 (35%), 8/74 (11%) and 34/74 (46%) of participants respectively. Differences were significant for NM vsABH(p=0.0005) andDSvsABH(p<0.0001) but not NM vsDS(p=0.256). RR for a compression rate of 95-105 forABHvs NM=0.31, forDSvs NM=1.31 (not significant) and forDSvsABH=4.25. The number needed toharmwas 5 for listening toABHvs NM and 3 forABHvsDS. A high proportion of compressions were too deep (NM 86%;ABH79%;DS77%, differences not significant).ConclusionsListening toDisco Sciencewhile performing CPR did not increase the proportion of prehospital professionals delivering compressions correctly. Perhaps unsurprisingly, listening toAchy Breaky Hearthad a negative effect. Disconcertingly, regardless of the nature or absence of musical accompaniment, the majority of participants did not compress at the recommended rate or depth.
A16 Broken in the hills
Authors: Howes M , Davies G , Dykes L 
Published: October 2011

Severely injured casualties from remote/inaccessible locations—for example, mountainous regions—pose a dilemma when planning trauma services. Such casualties are often multiply-injured, evacuated by helicopter and potentially ideal candidates for direct transfer to regional trauma centres. However, the most time-critical mountain casualties die at scene before help arrives. Our rural DGH is situated 100 miles from tertiary services. We do not currently have access to a one-stop regional trauma centre for adult patients.AimTo determine how many severely injured mountain casualties handled at our department required input from tertiary services, and with what urgency.MethodCasualties who sustained major trauma (ISS>15) between 1 January 2004 and 30 September 2009 were identified from the Mountain Medicine Database (all casualties brought to our ED following contact with Mountain Rescue or RAF Search and Rescue). Patient notes were scrutinised for details of injuries and consultations with tertiary centres.Results26 major trauma casualties arrived at the ED (all by RAF helicopter). In addition, 31 were pronounced dead at scene.10/26 (38%) required referral—not necessarily transfer—to tertiary specialities, mostly neurosurgery (8/26, 31%)The three most seriously brain-injured casualties had delays of 115, 70, and 45 min in obtaining neurosurgical management decisions.Only one patient required urgent transfer to tertiary care (neurosurgery—extradural haemorrhage)Discussion/ConclusionUrgent transfer to tertiary specialities is rarely required in severely injured mountain casualties from Snowdonia: bypassing our DGH directly to a regional trauma centre is not required. Furthermore, it would be logistically difficult. In summer, with endurance typically 1 h 45 min, the RAF helicopter would likely need to re-fuel before continuing to NW England after picking up a casualty. This audit, although limited in number, supports the concept of a regional trauma system with pre-defined protocols and pathways for patient care. We also require a more timely service from neurosurgical colleagues.
Reproducibility of velocity-dependent power: before and after lengthening contractions
Authors: Power Geoffrey A. , Dalton Brian H. , Rice Charles L. , Vandervoort Anthony A. 
Published: October 2011

The determination of power using isokinetic testing has been shown to be highly reliable. However, isotonic and isokinetic testing involve specific mechanical constraints that likely necessitate different neuromuscular strategies. Therefore, the purpose here was to establish test–retest intrarater reliability (separated by 7 days) of loaded maximal shortening velocity and velocity-dependent power of the ankle dorsiflexors using the isotonic mode of the Biodex dynamometer (i) at baseline and (ii) throughout recovery following 150 high-intensity lengthening contractions. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC)2,1 with 95% CIs were used to determine relative reliability, whereas absolute reliability included typical error (TEM) and typical error expressed as a coefficient of variation (TEMCV). Twenty-four young men and women volunteered for the study. Maximal shortening velocity and power were determined with a fixed resistance set at 20% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction across 2 testing sessions separated by 7 days. ICCs were 0.93 and 0.98 for maximal shortening velocity and peak power, respectively. Following the lengthening contractions, ICCs indicated high reliability for maximal shortening velocity and peak power, 0.86 and 0.94, respectively, suggesting that a similar amount of fatigue was incurred on both days. Measures of absolute reliability for maximal shortening velocity and peak power also yielded high reliability. The isotonic mode is highly reliable when testing velocity-dependent power of the ankle dorsiflexors at baseline and following fatiguing lengthening contractions. The high reliability of this measure is encouraging and suggests that the isotonic mode can be used in various settings to track group changes before and after training and following fatigue and lengthening contractions.
Fifth-Generation Digital Immunoassay for Prostate-Specific Antigen by Single Molecule Array Technology
Authors: Wilson David H , Hanlon David W , Provuncher Gail K , Chang Lei , Song Linan , Patel Purvish P , Ferrell Evan P , Lepor Herbert , Partin Alan W , Chan Dan W , Sokoll Lori J , Cheli Carol D , Thiel Robert P , Fournier David R , Duffy David C 
Published: October 2011

BACKGROUNDMeasurement of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in prostate cancer patients following radical prostatectomy (RP) has been hindered by the limit of quantification of available assays. Because radical prostatectomy removes the tissue responsible for PSA production, postsurgical PSA is typically undetectable with current assay methods. Evidence suggests, however, that more sensitive determination of PSA status following RP could improve assessment of patient prognosis and response to treatment and better target secondary therapy for those who may benefit most. We developed an investigational digital immunoassay with a limit of quantification 2 logs lower than current ultrasensitive third-generation PSA assays.METHODSWe developed reagents for a bead-based ELISA for use with high-density arrays of femtoliter-volume wells. Anti-PSA capture beads with immunocomplexes and associated enzyme labels were singulated within the wells of the arrays and interrogated for the presence of enzymatic product. We characterized analytical performance, compared its accuracy with a commercially available test, and analyzed longitudinal serum samples from a pilot study of 33 RP patients.RESULTSThe assay exhibited a functional sensitivity (20% interassay CV) &lt;0.05 pg/mL, total imprecision &lt;10% from 1 to 50 pg/mL, and excellent agreement with the comparator method. All RP samples were well within the assay measurement capability. PSA concentrations following surgery were found to be predictive of prostate cancer recurrence risk over 5 years.CONCLUSIONSThe robust 2-log improvement in limit of quantification relative to current ultrasensitive assays and the validated analytical performance of the assay allow for accurate assessment of PSA status after RP.
Correlates of social awareness in the visual prosody of growing children
Authors: Swerts Marc 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis article focuses on how growing children use prosody for communicative purposes. Prosody refers to the set of expressive features that do not so much determine what speakers say, but rather how they say it. It includes both auditory features, such as intonation and tempo, and visual features, such as facial expressions. Our central hypothesis is that children, as they grow older, become more socially aware — a process which is reflected in the way they express themselves in prosody. To this end, we present the results of three studies that focus on how children use such features (1) to mark their level of uncertainty, (2) to signal a positive or negative emotion, and (3) to show whether they are being truthful or not. All the studies use a game-based experimental paradigm that is especially suited for analyses of child behaviour. The approach combines controlled elicitations of spontaneous interactions with perception tests that explore how children's expressions are being interpreted. Results of such studies are relevant for pedagogical and diagnostic purposes, and will lead to improvements in child-directed communication systems.
Spanish nasal assimilation revisited: A cross-dialect electropalatographic study
Authors: Kochetov Alexei , Colantoni Laura 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis study employs electropalatography to investigate the implementation of nasal assimilation in two Spanish dialects (Argentinian and Cuban) that differ in the realization of word-final nasals as alveolar or velar. 5 speakers of Argentian and 3 speakers of Cuban Spanish were presented with various utterances containing nasals followed by labial, coronal, and dorsal stops and fricatives under two stress conditions. Results revealed that place assimilation of nasals was consistently accompanied by stricture assimilation. The process was generally categorical, that is, the final alveolar or velar nasal adopted the articulation of the following consonant. Nasal + fricative sequences, however, showed a somewhat different behavior: occasional blocking of nasal assimilation before non-coronals, consistent gradient nasal assimilation before coronals (Argentinian), or categorical/gradient strengthening of post-nasal obstruents (Cuban). Overall, the results are largely consistent with Honorof's (Articulatory gestures and Spanish nasal assimilation, Yale University Ph.D. dissertation, 1999) study of Peninsular Spanish and together provide evidence for dialect-specific grammars of assimilation, which nevertheless share certain general principles of gestural organization.
Application of Hilbert-Huang Transform to Inertial Profile Verification: A Laboratory Approach
Authors: Lee Mei-Hui , Chou Chia-Pei 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Past studies have shown that most inertial profiler verification procedures are conducted through repeated profile measurements on test sections with known profiles. This type of an evaluation can erroneously affect inertial profile results because of non-controllable parameters such as profiler equipment, analytical software, and operator variables. In order to improve the accuracy of inertial profiler certifications, a laboratory simulation method for inertial profilers was developed. This method uses an apparatus that combines sinusoidal vertical displacements of various frequencies and amplitude levels. As a result, errors attributed to operator variables are excluded, and errors induced by a profiler and software are further identified. This study utilizes the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) to improve the laboratory verification process by reducing measurement noise and creating a more stable signal in different frequency-amplitude combinations. The noise source is also identified by applying the HHT, which can provide guidance on further profiler verification enhancements.
Deficiency for Costimulatory Receptor 4-1BB Protects Against Obesity-Induced Inflammation and Metabolic Disorders
Authors: Kim Chu-Sook , Kim Jae Geun , Lee Byung-Ju , Choi Myung-Sook , Choi Hye-Sun , Kawada Teruo , Lee Ki-Up , Yu Rina 
Published: October 2011

OBJECTIVEInflammation is an important factor in the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and fatty liver disease. As a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF9) expressed on immune cells, 4-1BB/CD137 provides a bidirectional inflammatory signal through binding to its ligand 4-1BBL. Both 4-1BB and 4-1BBL have been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSEight-week-old male 4-1BB–deficient and wild-type (WT) mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or a regular diet for 9 weeks.RESULTSWe demonstrate that 4-1BB deficiency protects against HFD-induced obesity, glucose intolerance, and fatty liver disease. The 4-1BB–deficient mice fed an HFD showed less body weight gain, adiposity, adipose infiltration of macrophages/T cells, and tissue levels of inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, interleukin-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1]) compared with HFD-fed control mice. HFD-induced glucose intolerance/insulin resistance and fatty liver were also markedly attenuated in the 4-1BB–deficient mice.CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest that 4-1BB and 4-1BBL may be useful therapeutic targets for combating obesity-induced inflammation and metabolic disorders.
Diagnosis and treatment of truncal cutaneous pythiosis in a dog
Authors: Thieman Kelley M. , Kirkby Kristin A. , Flynn-Lurie Alison , Grooters Amy M. , Bacon Nicholas J. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Case Description—A 4-year-old spayed female Boxer was evaluated for a cutaneous mass located on the dorsum. The mass had been present for 6 weeks and was increasing in size.
Clinical Findings—A mass of approximately 10 cm in diameter was detected on the dorsum cranial to the right ilial wing. Histologic examination of a tissue sample from the mass led to the diagnosis of cutaneous pythiosis. Computed tomography of the abdomen and the mass were performed and revealed a contrast-enhancing soft tissue mass of the dorsum and enlarged intra-abdominal lymph nodes.
Treatment and Outcome—The dog underwent surgical excision of the cutaneous mass, including 5-cm skin margins and deep margins of 2 fascial planes. The mass was completely excised on the basis of results of histologic examination of surgical margins. The dog received itraconazole and terbinafine by mouth for 3 months following surgery. Recheck examination at 20 months postoperatively showed no signs of recurrence of pythiosis at the surgical site.
Clinical Relevance—Aggressive surgical excision in combination with medical treatment resulted in a favorable long-term (> 1 year) outcome in this dog. Thorough workup including diagnostic imaging and lymph node evaluation is recommended. If surgery is to be performed, skin margins of 5 cm and deep margins of 2 fascial planes are recommended.
Linear bounds for levels of stable rationality
Authors: Bogomolov Fedor , Böhning Christian , Graf von Bothmer Hans-Christian 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Let G be one of the groups SLn(ℂ), Sp2n
(ℂ), SOm(ℂ), Om(ℂ), or G
2. For a generically free G-representation V, we say that N is a level of stable rationality for V/G if V/G × ℙN is rational. In this paper we improve known bounds for the levels of stable rationality for the quotients V/G. In particular, their growth as functions of the rank of the group is linear for G being one of the classical groups.