bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicted toxicity of the biofuel candidate 2,5‐dimethylfuran in environmental and biological systems
Authors: Phuong Jimmy , Kim Simon , Thomas Reuben , Zhang Luoping 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAlthough not mutagenic by Ames test, 2,5‐dimethylfuran (DMF), a leading biofuel candidate, was found to induce chromosomal damage in cultured murine cells, suggesting that it may be genotoxic. We sought to prioritize the environmental and biological impacts of using DMF as a combustible biofuel. First, we assessed DMF and its combustion intermediates for potential persistence, bioaccumulation, and aquatic toxicity (PBT) using PBT profiler. Our findings predict DMF to have moderate‐level aquatic toxicity; however, a greater subset of the combustion intermediates is predicted to have moderate‐ and high‐level aquatic toxicity with bioaccumulation and persistence concerns. Second, we assessed the biological impact of DMF by testing for statistically significant chemical–disease associations. No direct associations for DMF were found; however, indirect associations were identified from two structurally similar analogs. Curated associations between furfuryl alcohol to kidney neoplasm and adenoma, and significant inferred associations between furan to lung neoplasm, drug‐induced liver injury, and experimentally induced liver cirrhosis were found, based on 21 furan–gene interactions. Nine of 49 DMF combustion intermediates analyzed, including benzene and 1,3‐butadiene, were found to have associations with 26 tumors and systemic diseases. Although inadequate for a stand‐alone risk assessment, our data suggest that DMF combustion intermediates pose a much broader range of hazards than DMF itself, and that both should be further investigated. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Study of Chemical Modifications of a Nafion Membrane by Incorporation of Different Room Temperature Ionic Liquids
Authors: Martínez de Yuso M. V. , Neves L. A. , Coelhoso I. M. , Crespo J. G. , Benavente J. , Rodríguez‐Castellón E. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSurface and bulk chemical changes in a Nafion membrane as a result of room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) incorporation were determined by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and elemental analysis, respectively. RTILs with different physicochemical properties were selected. Two imidazolium based RTIL‐cations (1‐octyl‐3‐methylimidazolium and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium) were used to detect the effect of cation size on membrane modification, while the effect of the RTIL hydrophilic/hydrophobic character was also considered by choosing different anions. Angle resolved XPS measurements (ARXPS) were carried out varying the angle of analysis between 15° and 75° to get elemental information on the Nafion/RTIL‐modified membranes interactions for a deepness of around 10 nm. Moreover, changes in the RTIL‐modified membranes associated to thermal effect were also considered by analyzing the samples after their heating at 120 °C for 24 h. Agreement between both chemical techniques, bulk and destructive elemental analysis and surface and non‐destructive XPS, were obtained.
Ergonomics in Design Processes: The Journey from Ergonomist toward workspace designer
Authors: Seim Rikke , Broberg Ole , Andersen Vibeke 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe aim of this article is to study the learning processes that take place in an interactive research project, which involved university researchers as well as ergonomic practitioners. The project simultaneously developed and tested a new framework—designated Workspace Design—for intervention in workplace design processes in companies. The basic idea in Workspace Design was that ergonomists should take a new role and apply new participatory methods when involved as consultants. The course of the project was evaluated by the application of social learning theory. The goal was to find out if and why the ergonomic practitioners had learned to practice the new concept by themselves. The results confirm that learning to some extent took place with help from two different mechanisms: learning by interacting and learning by practicing. Three factors are of crucial importance to the successful transfer of a new framework to ergonomic practitioners: 1) the practitioners must take part in developing and testing the framework and the subsequent interpretation of results, 2) they must have the opportunity to practice the framework in the daily consultancy setting and then reflect on their experiences, and 3) their consultancy organization must be committed to adopt the new framework. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The human side of service engineering
Authors: Freund Louis E. , Spohrer James C. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractService engineering is concerned with applying engineering methods to make and scale diverse types of service systems, which range from transportation and finance to health care and government. What makes modern service engineering uniquely challenging is the need not only to consider the technical side of these system designs but also to focus on how these systems engage, relate to, and are perceived to contribute to the self‐actualization goals of their all‐too‐human “cocreators of value.” Service systems must have a wide‐ranging “human side.” In this article, we propose a framework to scope and better define the human side of modern service systems. We then explore how to impact the cocreation of value in modern service systems, characterized by their digital, interconnected, dynamic, and human‐intensive nature. In conclusion, we relate the other articles in this special issue to this modern service system framework, as well as suggesting future research directions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The point of transition on the dose‐effect curve as a reference point in the evaluation of in vitro toxicity data
Authors: Sand Salomon , Ringblom Joakim , Håkansson Helen , Öberg Mattias 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTDose‐effect evaluation is an increasingly important step of health risk assessment. The foreseen increase of in vitro methods argues for the development and evaluation of a clearly defined reference points for dose‐effect modelling of in vitro data. In the present study, the traditional use of a concentration corresponding to 10% or 50% of the maximal effect (EC10 or EC50) is compared with a strategy, under which, a reference point (Benchmark dose, BMDT) is calculated that represents the dose where the slope of the dose‐effect curve changes the most (per unit log‐dose) in the low dose region. To illustrate the importance of the reference point, dose‐effect data on CYP1A1 enzyme activity for 30 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners were evaluated in order to calculate relative potencies, in relation to 2,3,7,8‐TCDD, with confidence intervals (CIs). The present study shows that the interpretation of the results as potency and rank orders potentially depends on the choice and definition of the reference point (BMDT, EC10 or EC50). This is important as potency ranking may be used as a method for screening and prioritization, in research, in policy development or in pharmaceutical development. The use of the BMDT implies a focus on the change of structure in the parameter's dose–response rather than a particular percentage change in the response in such a parameter. In conclusion, the BMDT may be used as an alternative base for evaluation of dose‐effect relationships in vitro. It offers an objective geometrical definition of a reference point in the low‐dose region of the dose‐effect curve. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient compression of molecular dynamics trajectory files
Authors: Marais Patrick , Kenwood Julian , Smith Keegan Carruthers , Kuttel Michelle M. , Gain James 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe investigate whether specific properties of molecular dynamics trajectory files can be exploited to achieve effective file compression. We explore two classes of lossy, quantized compression scheme: “interframe” predictors, which exploit temporal coherence between successive frames in a simulation, and more complex “intraframe” schemes, which compress each frame independently. Our interframe predictors are fast, memory‐efficient and well suited to on‐the‐fly compression of massive simulation data sets, and significantly outperform the benchmark BZip2 application. Our schemes are configurable: atomic positional accuracy can be sacrificed to achieve greater compression. For high fidelity compression, our linear interframe predictor gives the best results at very little computational cost: at moderate levels of approximation (12‐bit quantization, maximum error ≈ 10−2 Å), we can compress a 1–2 fs trajectory file to 5–8% of its original size. For 200 fs time steps—typically used in fine grained water diffusion experiments—we can compress files to ∼25% of their input size, still substantially better than BZip2. While compression performance degrades with high levels of quantization, the simulation error is typically much greater than the associated approximation error in such cases. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lithium Storage Behavior of Graphene Nanosheets‐based Materials
Authors: Kuo Shin‐Liang , Liu Wei‐Ren , Wu Hung‐Chun 
Published: June 2012

AbstractReduced graphene materials were prepared by different reducing approaches of graphite oxide, including chemical reduction and thermal reduction. In this study, the characteristics of reduced graphene and the lithium storage behavior of graphene‐based anodes were investigated by SEM, BET, TPD, FTIR as well as C/D tests and Raman measurements. The electrochemical behaviors of reduced graphene materials were sensitive to reduction process, of which the capacity varying from 717 to 230 mAh/g. The enhanced capacity should not be predominantly attributed to exceptional high surface area and enlarged d‐spacing, but rather more possible for existence of functional groups along with structure defects.
Cine cerebrospinal fluid imaging in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Magnano Christopher , Schirda Claudiu , Weinstock‐Guttman Bianca , Wack David S. , Lindzen Eric , Hojnacki David , Bergsland Niels , Kennedy Cheryl , Belov Pavel , Dwyer Michael G. , Poloni Guy U. , Beggs Clive B. , Zivadinov Robert 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPurpose:To investigate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics in the aqueduct of Sylvius in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and healthy controls (HC) using cine phase contrast imaging.Materials and Methods:In all, 67 MS patients (48 relapsing‐remitting [RR] and 19 secondary‐progressive [SP]), nine patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), and 35 age‐ and sex‐matched HC were examined. CSF flow and velocity measures were quantified using a semiautomated method and compared with clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) disease outcomes.Results:Significantly decreased CSF net flow was detected in MS patients compared to HC (−3.7 vs. −7.1 μL/beat,P= 0.005). There was a trend for increased net positive flow between SP, RR, and CIS patients. Altered CSF flow and velocity measures were associated with more severe T1 and T2 lesion volumes, lateral and fourth ventricular volumes, and third ventricular width in MS and CIS patients (P< 0.01 for all). In CIS patients, conversion to clinically definite MS in the following year was related to decreased CSF net flow (P= 0.007). There was a trend between increased annual relapse rate and altered CSF flow/velocity measures in RRMS patients (P< 0.05).Conclusion:CSF flow dynamics are altered in MS patients. More severe clinical and MRI outcomes in RRMS and CIS patients relate to altered CSF flow and velocity measures. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:825–834. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A case of paraspinal arteriovenous fistula in the lumbar spinal body assessed with time resolved three‐dimensional phase contrast MRI
Authors: Iwakura Takashi , Takehara Yasuo , Yamashita Shuhei , Nasu Hatsuko , Unno Naoki , Nishiyama Motohiro , Yamamoto Naoto , Isoda Haruo , Alley Marcus , Konno Hiroyuki , Sakahara Harumi 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA 93‐year‐old female with a paraspinal arteriovenous fistula (AVF) occurred within the lumbar spinal vertebral body was assessed with time resolved three‐dimensional (3D) phase‐contrast MRI (4D‐Flow) on 1.5 Tesla MR scanner (GE Healthcare). The 3D vector field, streamlines, and pathlines analyses demonstrated uni‐directional flow from the aorta to the large vascular cavity in the lumbar vertebral body by means of the lumbar artery as well as dilated paravertebral veins as drainers, which confirmed AVF, not aortic pseudoaneurysm. The 4D‐Flow also showed an added value in planned endovascular surgery concerning localization of the precise shunting point and the shunting volume quantification. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:1231–1233. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using a 2D multibreath‐hold susceptibility‐weighted imaging to visualize intratumoral hemorrhage of hepatocellular carcinoma at 3T MRI: Correlation with pathology
Authors: Li Ruo‐kun , Zeng Meng‐su , Rao Sheng‐xiang , Qiang Jin‐wei , Dai Yong‐ming , Ji Yuan , Chen Cai‐zhong , Renate Jerecic 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPurpose:To assess the value of 2D multibreath‐hold susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) for visualizing intratumoral hemorrhage of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and correlate with pathological results.Materials and Methods:Fifty‐eight patients with 65 HCCs underwent T1‐, T2‐, T2*‐weighted imaging and SWI. The ability to detect intratumoral hemorrhage for each imaging technique was evaluated. A radiologic‐pathological correlation was performed.Results:The area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve (Az value) for SWI (Az = 0.941) was significantly greater than that for T1WI (Az = 0.748) and T2WI (Az = 0.700) (P = 0.000). When compared with T2*, SWI had slightly higher sensitivity and equal specificity, but the Az value was not significantly different (P = 0.768). The total number of hemorrhages detected by SWI was greatest by factors of 13.3, 6.7, and 2.2 compared to T1WI, T2WI, and T2*, respectively. SWI detected more microbleeds (585 in 25 HCCs) than T1WI (13 in 5 HCCs), T2WI (66 in 11 HCCs), and T2* (238 in 21 HCCs).Conclusion:SWI can accurately visualize internal hemorrhages and provide valuable information regarding the internal architecture of HCC. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:900–906. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Proactive socialization behavior in China: The mediating role of perceived insider status and the moderating role of supervisors' traditionality
Authors: Wang Jie , Kim Tae‐Yeol 
Published: June 2012

SummaryThis paper identified the dimensions of proactive socialization behavior among Chinese employees. We examined the mediating effects of perceived insider status on the relationships between proactive socialization behavior and socialization outcomes, and the moderating effect of supervisors' traditionality on the relationship between proactive socialization behavior and perceived insider status. Results from 280 newcomer–supervisor pairs supported the hypotheses that proactive socialization behavior was positively associated with task performance and social integration through perceived insider status. In addition, supervisors' traditionality significantly influenced the indirect relationships that proactive socialization behavior had with task performance and social integration via perceived insider status, such that the relationships became weaker as supervisors' traditionality increased. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uptake of Well‐Defined, Highly Glycosylated, Pentafluorostyrene‐Based Polymers and Nanoparticles by Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Babiuch Krzysztof , Pretzel David , Tolstik Tatiana , Vollrath Antje , Stanca Sarmiza , Foertsch Franziska , Becer C. Remzi , Gottschaldt Michael , Biskup Christoph , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractChain length, size, composition, surface charge, and other properties of polymeric materials affect their recognition and uptake by cells and must be optimized to deliver polymers selectively to their target. However, it is often not possible to precisely modify selected properties without changing other parameters. To overcome these difficulties, well‐defined poly(pentafluorostyrene)‐based polymers are prepared that can be grafted via thiol/para‐fluorine “click” reaction with 1‐thio‐β‐D‐glucose and 1‐thio‐β‐D‐galactose. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry show that nanoparticles are taken up by HepG2 cells to a higher degree than the respective water‐soluble polymers, and that internalization of both galactosylated homo‐ and nanoprecipitated block copolymers is enhanced.magnified image
Multifunctional Polypeptide–PEO Nanoreactors via the Hydrophobic Switch
Authors: Wu Yuzhou , Wang Tao , Ng David Y. W. , Weil Tanja 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe prepare various protein‐derived amphiphilic polymers. By modifying the polypeptide backbone with a few (5–8) hydrophilic or lipophilic substituents, we are able to switch the hydrophobicity of the polymer and control the formation of stable nano‐sized micelles. In the hydrophobic interior of these micelles, ethynyl groups are introduced to provide a nanoreactor environment for click reactions with lipophilic cargo molecules, such as 3‐azidocoumarin, a hydrophobic fluorophore, and the anti‐cancer drug doxorubicin. These protein‐derived amphiphilic polymers reported herein offer a promising potential to design a delivery platform for biomedical applications.
A Novel Fibrous Material Created by Self‐Rolling of a Patterned Polymer Thin Film
Authors: Luchnikov V. A. , Saito Y. , Tzanis L. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA new kind of a fibrous material is produced by controlled self‐rolling of patterned thin poly(4‐vinyl)pyridine films in acidic water. Self‐rolling is induced by unequal swelling of the top and the bottom layers of the films in the solvent. Rolling starts from parallel scratches in the film and results in twin‐scroll fibers. The fibers are stabilized by staining with CuCl2 salt and freeze‐dried. The output of the fiber material production is of the order of 1 cm3 from approximately 50 cm2 of the patterned polymer film. The approach opens new broad opportunities for creation of smart fibrous materials via loading the fibers with functional micro‐ and nanoparticles.
Thermoresponsive Copolymers of Ethylene Oxide and N,N‐Diethyl Glycidyl Amine: Polyether Polyelectrolytes and PEGylated Gold Nanoparticle Formation
Authors: Reuss Valerie S. , Werre Mathias , Frey Holger 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe synthesis of diblock as well as gradient copolymers of N,N‐diethyl glycidyl amine (DEGA) with ethylene oxide (EO) via anionic ring‐opening polymerization is presented. The polymers exhibit low polydispersities (≤1.13) and molecular weights in the range of 3300–10 200 g mol−1. In PEG‐co‐PDEGA copolymers, incorporation of 4%–29% DEGA results in tailorable cloud point temperatures in aqueous solution and melting points depending on DEGA content. mPEG‐b‐PDEGA block copolymers can be quaternized to generate cationic double‐hydrophilic polyelectrolyte copolymers with polyether backbone. Furthermore, mPEG‐b‐PDEGA has been used as dual reducing and capping agent for gold nanoparticle synthesis.
Building a legacy of volunteers through servant leadership: A cause‐related sporting event
Authors: Linda Parris Denise , Welty Peachey Jon 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis study explores the leadership style of the founder of a cause‐related sporting event and investigates the effects of this style on motivating volunteers. The National Kidney Foundation Surf Festival, established more than twenty‐five years ago to benefit people with kidney disease, was selected as an extreme case because of the event's longevity and success. Data were collected through semi‐structured personal interviews, document analysis, and personal observation. Results indicated that the founder is a servant leader. Three key themes of servant leadership, and its influence on volunteer motivation, emerged from the data: generating a shared vision dedicated to helping others, building a caring and loving community, and creating the freedom and resources for followers to become servants themselves. Our findings also indicated that the spiritual and moral tenets of servant leadership are applicable to secular nonprofit organizations.
Motor performance and functional exercise capacity in survivors of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Hartman Annelies , Hop Wim , Takken Tim , Pieters Rob , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundImpaired motor performance and reduced maximum exercise capacity during and after treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has been shown. However, no longitudinal study monitoring motor performance after cessation of treatment has been published. Whether sub‐maximal exercise capacity is reduced is unknown.ProcedureMotor performance of pediatric ALL survivors, treated with Dutch Childhood Oncology Group ALL‐9 protocol was measured with the movement‐ABC at stop treatment and ≥5 years later. At follow‐up functional exercise capacity was also investigated using the 6‐minute walk test (6MWT). Heart rate and oxygen saturation were measured with a portable pulse oximeter before and after the 6MWT.ResultsNineteen boys and 15 girls, median age 12.3 years (range: 9.0–18.7), median time since completion of chemotherapy 5.2 years (5.0–7.1), participated. Mean height/age and weight/age were within the norm, whereas mean BMI/age was significantly increased (mean SDS 0.38, SEM 0.17, P = 0.04). Motor performance had improved significantly (P = 0.001). In contrast, functional exercise capacity at follow‐up was significantly impaired (mean SDS −2.05, SEM 0.13, P < 0.001).ConclusionsAt ≥5 years after completion of ALL treatment motor performance had improved significantly, but functional exercise capacity was significantly impaired. The exact underlying cause of this late effect needs further study. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 494–499. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.