bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical limit superior and limit inferior in intuitionistic fuzzy normed spaces
Authors: Alghamdi Mohammad Ali , Alotaibi Abdullah , Danish Lohani Qutubuddin Mohammad , Mursaleen Mohammad 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Recently, the concepts of statistical convergence, ideal convergence and lacunary statistical convergence have been studied in intuitionistic fuzzy normed spaces. In this article, we study the concepts of statistical limit superior and statistical limit inferior in intuitionistic fuzzy normed spaces. We also give an example to compute these points in intuitionistic fuzzy normed spaces.

AMS Subject Classification (2000): 40A05; 40D25; 11B05; 60H10; 60B99; 26A03.
Cardiac tamponade related to a coronary injury by a pericardial calcification: an unusual complication
Authors: Cypierre Anne , Pesteil Francis , Cassat Claude , Parraf François , Bellier Rémy , Ursulet Lionel , Eveno Claire , Vignon Philippe , François Bruno 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Background
Cardiac tamponade is a rare but severe complication of pericardial effusion with a poor prognosis. Prompt diagnosis using transthoracic echocardiography allows guiding initial therapeutic management. Although etiologies are numerous, cardiac tamponade is more often due to a hemopericardium. Rarely, a coronary injury may result in such a hemopericardium with cardiac tamponade. Coronary artery aneurysm are the main etiologies but blunt, open chest trauma or complication of endovascular procedures have also been described.

Case presentation
A 83-year-old hypertensive man presented for dizziness and hypotension. The patient had oliguria and mottled skin. Transthoracic echocardiography disclosed a circumferential pericardial effusion with a compressed right atrium, confirmed by contrast-enhanced thoracic CT scan. A pig-tail catheter allowed to withdraw 500 mL of blood, resulting in a transient improvement of hemodynamics. Rapidly, recurrent hypotension prompted a reoperation. An active bleeding was identified at the level of the retroventricular coronary artery. The pericardium was thickened with several "sharping" calcified plaques in the vicinity of the bleeding areas. On day 2, vasopressors were stopped and the patient was successfully extubated. Final diagnosis was a spontaneous cardiac tamponade secondary to a coronary artery injury attributed to a "sharping"calcified pericardial plaque.

Conclusion
Cardiac tamponade secondary to the development of a hemopericardium may develop as the result of a myocardial and coronary artery injury induced by a calcified pericardial plaque.
Using record linkage to monitor equity and variation in screening programmes
Authors: O’Reilly Dermot , Kinnear Heather , Rosato Michael , Mairs Adrian , Hall Clare 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Background
Ecological or survey based methods to investigate screening uptake rates are fraught with many limitations which can be circumvented by record linkage between Census and health services datasets using variations in breast screening attendance as an exemplar. The aim of this current study is to identify the demographic, socio-economic factors associated with uptake of breast screening.

Methods
Record linkage study: combining 2001 Census data within the Northern Ireland Longitudinal Study (NILS) with data relating to validated breast screening histories from the National Breast Screening System. A cohort was identified of 37,059 women aged 48-64 at the Census who were invited for routine breast screening in the three years following the Census. All cohort attributes were as recorded on the Census form.

Results
The record linkage methodology enabled the records of almost 40,000 of those invited for screening to be analysed at an individual level, exceeding the largest published survey by a factor of ten. This produced a more robust analysis and demonstrated (in fully adjusted models) the lower uptake amongst non-married women and those in the lowest social class (OR 0.74; 95%CI 0.66, 0.82), factors that had not been reported earlier in the UK. In addition, with the availability of both individual and area information it was possible to show that the much lower screening uptake in urban areas is not due to differences in population composition suggesting unrecognised organisational problems.

Conclusions
Linkage of screening data to Census-based longitudinal studies is an efficient and powerful way to increase the evidence base on sources of variation in screening uptake within the UK.
Prognostic significance of MyD88 expression by human epithelial ovarian carcinoma cells
Authors: Zhu Yi , Huang Jian-Ming , Zhang Guo-Nan , Zha Xiao , Deng Bi-Fang 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Background
MyD88 is an adaptor protein for TLR-4 signaling known to mediate paclitaxel resistance in epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC). This study examined the clinical significance of MyD88 expression in EOC.

Methods
MyD88 and TLR-4 expression were examined by immunocytochemistry in 109 specimens of ovarian tissues, comprising EOC (N = 83), borderline tumors (N = 9), benign cysts (N = 9) and normal ovarian tissue (N = 8), and clinical data collected by a retrospective chart review. The correlations between MyD88 expression and clinicopathological factors and outcomes were analyzed.

Results
TLR-4 expression was detected frequently in all the ovarian tissues. Distinct MyD88 expression was showed in EOC (64 of 83, 77.1 %), in borderline tumors (5 of 9, 55.6 %) and in benign cysts (3 of 9, 33.3 %), and normal ovarian tissue showed no MyD88 expression. Positive MyD88 expression significantly correlated with shorter disease-free and overall survival for EOC (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0031), and high MyD88 expression was significantly correlated with tumor metastasis (P = 0.0012) for EOC. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that MyD88 expression was an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival and overall survival for EOC.

Conclusion
Our data indicate that MyD88 expression is a significantly poor prognostic factor for EOC. A better understanding of the role of MyD88 expression in disease progression and outcome may be helpful for development of novel chemotherapies for patients with EOC.
Stable multi-infection of splenocytes during SIV infection - the basis for continuous recombination
Authors: Schultz Anke , Sopper Sieghart , Sauermann Ulrike , Meyerhans Andreas , Suspène Rodolphe 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Background
Recombination is an important mechanism in the generation of genetic diversity of the human (HIV) and simian (SIV) immunodeficiency viruses. It requires the co-packaging of divergent RNA genomes into the same retroviral capsid and subsequent template switching during the reverse transcription reaction. By HIV-specific fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), we have previously shown that the splenocytes from 2 chronically infected patients with Castelman's disease were multi-infected and thus fulfill the in vivo requirements to generate genetic diversity by recombination. In order to analyze when multi-infection first occurs during a lentivirus infection and how the distribution of multi-infection evolves during the disease course, we now determined the SIV copy numbers from splenocytes of 11 SIVmac251-infected rhesus macaques cross-sectionally covering the time span of primary infection throughout to end-stage immunodeficiency.

Results
SIV multi-infection of single splenocytes was readily detected in all monkeys and all stages of the infection. Single-infected cells were more frequent than double- or triple- infected cells. There was no strong trend linking the copy number distribution to plasma viral load, disease stage, or CD4 cell counts.

Conclusions
SIV multi-infection of single cells is already established during the primary infection phase thus enabling recombination to affect viral evolution in vivo throughout the disease course.
An exclusive human milk-based diet in extremely premature infants reduces the probability of remaining on total parenteral nutrition: a reanalysis of the data
Authors: Ghandehari Heli , Lee Martin L , Rechtman David J ,   for the H2MF Study Group
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Background
We have previously shown that an exclusively human milk-based diet is beneficial for extremely premature infants who are at risk for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). However, no significant difference in the other primary study endpoint, the length of time on total parenteral nutrition (TPN), was found. The current analysis re-evaluates these data from a different statistical perspective considering the probability or likelihood of needing TPN on any given day rather than the number of days on TPN. This study consisted of 207 premature infants randomized into three groups: one group receiving a control diet of human milk, formula and bovine-based fortifier (“control diet”), and the other two groups receiving only human milk and human milk-based fortifier starting at different times in the enteral feeding process (at feeding volumes of 40 or 100 mL/kg/day; “HM40” and “HM100”, respectively). The counting process Cox proportional hazards survival model was used to determine the likelihood of needing TPN in each group.

Results
The two groups on the completely human-based diet had an 11-14 % reduction in the likelihood of needing nutrition via TPN when compared to infants on the control diet (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.001, respectively for the HM40 and HM100 groups, respectively). This was even more pronounced if the initial period of TPN was excluded (p < 0.0001 for both the HM40 and HM100 groups).

Conclusions
A completely human milk-based diet significantly reduces the likelihood of TPN use for extremely premature infants when compared to a diet including cow-based products. This likelihood may be reduced even further when the human milk fortifier is initiated earlier in the feeding process.

Trial registration
This study was registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov reg. # NCT00506584
The mitotic spindle protein SPAG5/Astrin connects to the Usher protein network postmitotically
Authors: Kersten Ferry FJ , van Wijk Erwin , Hetterschijt Lisette , Bauβ Katharina , Peters Theo A , Aslanyan Mariam G , van der Zwaag Bert , Wolfrum Uwe , Keunen Jan EE , Roepman Ronald , Kremer Hannie 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Background
Mutations in the gene for Usher syndrome 2A (USH2A) are causative for non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa and Usher syndrome, a condition that is the most common cause of combined deaf-blindness. To gain insight into the molecular pathology underlying USH2A-associated retinal degeneration, we aimed to identify interacting proteins of USH2A isoform B (USH2AisoB) in the retina.

Results
We identified the centrosomal and microtubule-associated protein sperm-associated antigen (SPAG)5 in the retina. SPAG5 was also found to interact with another previously described USH2AisoB interaction partner: the centrosomal ninein-like protein NINLisoB. Using In situ hybridization, we found that Spag5 was widely expressed during murine embryonic development, with prominent signals in the eye, cochlea, brain, kidney and liver. SPAG5 expression in adult human tissues was detected by quantitative PCR, which identified expression in the retina, brain, intestine, kidney and testis. In the retina, Spag5, Ush2aisoB and NinlisoB were present at several subcellular structures of photoreceptor cells, and colocalized at the basal bodies.

Conclusions
Based on these results and on the suggested roles for USH proteins in vesicle transport and providing structural support to both the inner ear and the retina, we hypothesize that SPAG5, USH2AisoB and NINLisoB may function together in microtubule-based cytoplasmic trafficking of proteins that are essential for cilium formation, maintenance and/or function.
Control of luminescence from pygmy shark (Squaliolus aliae) photophores
Authors: Claes Julien M. , Ho Hsuan-Ching , Mallefet Jérôme 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARY
The smalleye pygmy shark (Squaliolus aliae) is a dwarf pelagic shark from the Dalatiidae family that harbours thousands of tiny photophores. In this work, we studied the organisation and physiological control of these photogenic organs. Results show that they are mainly situated on the ventral side of the shark, forming a homogeneous ventral photogenic area that appears well suited for counterillumination, a well-known camouflage technique of pelagic organisms. Isolated ventral skin patches containing photophores did not respond to classical neurotransmitters and nitric oxide but produced light after melatonin (MT) application. Prolactin and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone inhibited this hormonally induced luminescence as well as the spontaneous luminescence from the photogenic tissue. The action of MT seems to be mediated by binding to the MT2 receptor subtype, as the MT2 receptor agonist 4P-PDOT inhibited the luminescence induced by this hormone. Binding to this receptor probably decreases the intracellular cAMP concentration because forskolin inhibited spontaneous and MT-induced luminescence. In addition, a GABA inhibitory tonus seems to be present in the photogenic tissue as well, as GABA inhibited MT-induced luminescence and the application of bicuculline provoked luminescence from S. aliae photophores. Similarly to what has been found in Etmopteridae, the other luminous shark family, the main target of the luminescence control appears to be the melanophores covering the photocytes. Results suggest that bioluminescence first appeared in Dalatiidae when they adopted a pelagic style at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary, and was modified by Etmopteridae when they started to colonize deep-water niches and rely on this light for intraspecific behaviours.
From ZnO Microrods to ZnS Microspheres by a Hydrothermal Treatment: The Case of Thiourea
Authors: Zhang Yidong , Li Qingyu 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Zinc oxide microrods (MRs) were successfully prepared without the addition of template and additive by a simple hydrothermal route using only Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O as a precursor at 160 °C for 3 h. Interestingly, the ZnO MRs can be transformed to ZnS microspheres (MSs) with the sulfur source of thiourea under the same conditions. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive spectrum (EDS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results show that the obtained ZnO MRs and ZnS MSs belonged to hexagonal phase and cubic phase, respectively. A possible reaction mechanism is proposed and discussed.
Wide Spectral Tuning of Gel-immobilized Colloidal Crystals Preserving High Uniformity
Authors: Yamamoto Seiji , Sawada Tsutomu , Kanai Toshimitsu 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
We evaluated the spectral uniformity of a widely tunable gel-immobilized colloidal crystal film containing an ionic liquid. Transmission spectral characterization by imaging spectroscopy indicated that the film preserved high uniformity over the entire sample area, in spite of the great volume change during tuning. The standard deviation of the transmittance and Bragg diffraction wavelength of the film were less than 7% and 5 nm, respectively.
Design and Synthesis of a Chemiluminescent Solvatochromic Dye
Authors: Yamagishi Yutaka , Son Sang-Hyun , Yuasa Maiko , Yamada Koji 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Chemiluminescent solvatochromic dye has been synthesized by the condensation of a chemiluminescent moiety into a fluorescent solvatochromic dye via the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling. The chemiluminescent wavelength is shifted by solvent polarity, and ratiometric measurement enables the accurate determination of the proportion of water in an aqueous acetone solution.
A randomised controlled clinical trial and gait analysis of fixed- and mobile-bearing total knee replacements with a five-year follow-up
Authors: Jolles B. M. , Grzesiak A. , Eudier A. , Dejnabadi H. , Voracek C. , Pichonnaz C. , Aminian K. , Martin E. 
Published: April 2012

This study compared the outcome of total knee replacement (TKR) in adult patients with fixed- and mobile-bearing prostheses during the first post-operative year and at five years’ follow-up, using gait parameters as a new objective measure. This double-blind randomised controlled clinical trial included 55 patients with mobile-bearing (n = 26) and fixed-bearing (n = 29) prostheses of the same design, evaluated pre-operatively and post-operatively at six weeks, three months, six months, one year and five years. Each participant undertook two walking trials of 30 m and completed the EuroQol questionnaire, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index, Knee Society score, and visual analogue scales for pain and stiffness. Gait analysis was performed using five miniature angular rate sensors mounted on the trunk (sacrum), each thigh and calf. The study population was divided into two groups according to age (≤ 70 years versus > 70 years).Improvements in most gait parameters at five years’ follow-up were greater for fixed-bearing TKRs in older patients (> 70 years), and greater for mobile-bearing TKRs in younger patients (≤ 70 years). These findings should be confirmed by an extended age controlled study, as the ideal choice of prosthesis might depend on the age of the patient at the time of surgery.
The correctness of fit of current total knee prostheses compared with intra-operative anthropometric measurements in Korean knees
Authors: Ha C-W. , Na S-E. 
Published: April 2012

We aimed to obtain anthropometric data on Korean knees and to compare these with data on commonly available total knee arthroplasties (TKAs). The dimensions of the femora and tibiae of 1168 knees were measured intra-operatively. The femoral components were found to show a tendency toward mediolateral (ML) under-coverage in small femurs and ML overhang in the large femurs. The ML under-coverage was most prominent for the small prostheses. The ML/anteroposterior (ML/AP) ratio of Korean tibiae was greater than that of tibial components.This study shows that, for different reasons, current TKAs do not provide a reasonable fit for small or large Korean knees, and that the ‘gender-specific’ and ‘stature-specific’ components help for large Korean femurs but offer less satisfactory fits for small femurs. Specific modifications of prostheses are needed for Asian knees.
Relationship of a Variant in theNTRK1Gene to White Matter Microstructure in Young Adults
Authors: Braskie Meredith N. , Jahanshad Neda , Stein Jason L. , Barysheva Marina , Johnson Kori , McMahon Katie L. , de Zubicaray Greig I. , Martin Nicholas G. , Wright Margaret J. , Ringman John M. , Toga Arthur W. , Thompson Paul M. 
Published: April 2012

TheNTRK1gene (also known asTRKA) encodes a high-affinity receptor forNGF, a neurotrophin involved in nervous system development and myelination.NTRK1has been implicated in neurological function via links between the T allele at rs6336 (NTRK1-T) and schizophrenia risk. A variant in the neurotrophin gene,BDNF, was previously associated with white matter integrity in young adults, highlighting the importance of neurotrophins to white matter development. We hypothesized thatNTRK1-T would relate to lower fractional anisotropy in healthy adults.We scanned 391 healthy adult human twins and their siblings (mean age: 23.6 ± 2.2 years; 31NTRK1-T carriers, 360 non-carriers) using 105-gradient diffusion tensor imaging at 4 tesla. We evaluated in brain white matter howNTRK1-T andNTRK1rs4661063 allele A (rs4661063-A, which is in moderate linkage disequilibrium with rs6336) related to voxelwise fractional anisotropy—a common diffusion tensor imaging measure of white matter microstructure. We used mixed-model regression to control for family relatedness, age, and sex. The sample was split in half to test reproducibility of results. The false discovery rate method corrected for voxelwise multiple comparisons.NTRK1-T and rs4661063-A correlated with lower white matter fractional anisotropy, independent of age and sex (multiple-comparisons corrected: false discovery rate criticalp= 0.038 forNTRK1-T and 0.013 for rs4661063-A). In each half-sample, theNTRK1-T effect was replicated in the cingulum, corpus callosum, superior and inferior longitudinal fasciculi, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, superior corona radiata, and uncinate fasciculus. Our results suggest thatNTRK1-T is important for developing white matter microstructure.
Diffusion of ion implanted indium and silver in ZnO crystals
Authors: Yaqoob Faisal , Huang Mengbing 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTWe report on diffusion behavior for ion implanted indium and silver atoms in ZnO crystals. Both In and Ag ions were implanted at room temperature at 7-10° relative to c-axis to avoid channeling effects during implantation. In ions were implanted at four different energies (40, 100, 200, and 350 keV, respectively) and doses (4.20×1013, 6.70×1013, 8.10×1013 and 3.10×1014 /cm2, respectively), resulting in a total dose of 5 ×1014 /cm2. For another set of ZnO samples, Ag ions were implanted at energies 30, 75, 150, and 350 keV at doses 3.3×1013, 4.2×1013, 8.3×1013 and 3.4×1014 /cm2, respectively, to reach a total dose of 5×1014 /cm2. Both In and Ag implants resulted in a uniform concentration profile of the implanted dopants from surface to depth ~ 150 nm. The samples were annealed for 30 minutes at temperatures between 850-1050 °C in an oxygen gas flow. The distributions of In and Ag atoms, either aligned or nonaligned along the crystalline directions, were measured by Rutherford backscattering combined with ion channeling. The diffusivities for nonaligned (interstitial) and aligned (substitutional) dopants atoms were determined to vary with annealing temperature via the Arrhenius relationship. The diffusion activation energies (Ea) along the <10-11> direction for substitutional impurity atoms were lower than those for interstitial dopants atoms e.g., in the case of In, Ea ~ 1.52 eV for <10-11> aligned In atoms and Ea ~ 2.61 eV for interstitial In atoms between <10-11> atomic rows and in the case of Ag, Ea ~ 1.77 eV for the interstitial Ag atoms between the <10-11> atomic rows and 1.11 eV for <10-11> aligned Ag atoms. The diffusion activation energies showed a different trend for the two dopants as measured along the <0001> crystalline direction. For Ag implanted in ZnO, the activation energy of Ea ~ 0.91 eV for the aligned Ag atoms along <0001> direction and Ea ~ 1.55 eV were found for the interstitial Ag atoms, whereas in the case of In along the <0001> direction, the interstitial In was found to migrate with a higher activation energy (Ea ~ 1.78 eV) than the substitutional In (Ea ~1.42 eV). These results will be compared with first-principle calculations for understanding the energetics of defect formation and migration in both n- and p-type doping cases.
Tailoring of CdS Nano Films Through CBD-Isochronal Synthesis For PV Applications
Authors: Fatehmulla Amanullah , Aldhafiri Abdullah M , Albrithen Hamad , Al-Dossari Omar , Hassib Adil M , Hussein Mohammad L , Ambekar Jalinder D , Amalnerkar Dinesh P , Aslam Mohammed 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTCadmium Sulphide (CdS) thin films have been prepared on ultrasonicated glass substrates using a specially designed chemical bath deposition technique via isochronal synthesis. The structural properties have been determined through XRD. The nanostructures have been identified in FE-SEM images. The chemical analysis has been carried out through EDAX. Optical analysis and PL studies were carried out on these films. The growth conditions and the characterization results exhibit strong dependence on the pH of the precursor solution as well as the temperature of the bath. Cu doping has been employed on the tailored films to make them low resistive and efficient for window layer applications.