bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of poly(arylene ether ketone)s bearing pendant sulfonic acid groups for proton exchange membrane materials
Authors: Zhang Yang , Zhang Gang , Wan Ying , Zhao Chengji , Shao Ke , Li Hongtao , Han Miaomiao , Zhu Jing , Xu Shuai , Liu Zhongguo , Na Hui 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA bisphenol monomer (2,5‐dimethoxy)phenylhydroquinone was prepared and further polymerized to obtain poly(arylene ether ketone) copolymers containing methoxy groups. After demethylation and sulfobutylation, a series of novel poly(arylene ether ketone)s bearing pendant sulfonic acid group (SPAEKs) with different sulfonation content were obtained. The chemical structures of all the copolymers were analyzed by 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra. Flexible and tough membranes with reasonably good mechanical properties were prepared. The resulting side‐chain‐type SPAEK membranes showed good dimensional stability, and their water uptake and swelling ratio were lower than those of conventional main‐chain‐type SPAEK membranes with similar ion exchange capacity. Proton conductivities of these side‐chain‐type sulfonated copolymers were higher than 0.01 S/cm and increased gradually with increasing temperature. Their methanol permeability values were in the range of 1.97 × 10−7–5.81 × 10−7 cm2/s, which were much lower than that of Nafion 117. A combination of suitable proton conductivities, low water uptake, low swelling ratio, and high methanol resistance for these side‐chain‐type SPAEK films indicated that they may be good candidate material for proton exchange membrane in fuel cell applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
XANNpred: Neural nets that predict the propensity of a protein to yield diffraction‐quality crystals
Authors: Overton Ian M. , van Niekerk C. A. Johannes , Barton Geoffrey J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractProduction of diffracting crystals is a critical step in determining the three‐dimensional structure of a protein by X‐ray crystallography. Computational techniques to rank proteins by their propensity to yield diffraction‐quality crystals can improve efficiency in obtaining structural data by guiding both protein selection and construct design. XANNpred comprises a pair of artificial neural networks that each predict the propensity of a selected protein sequence to produce diffraction‐quality crystals by current structural biology techniques. Blind tests show XANNpred has accuracy and Matthews correlation values ranging from 75% to 81% and 0.50 to 0.63 respectively; values of area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve range from 0.81 to 0.88. On blind test data XANNpred outperforms the other available algorithms XtalPred, PXS, OB‐Score, and ParCrys. XANNpred also guides construct design by presenting graphs of predicted propensity for diffraction‐quality crystals against residue sequence position. The XANNpred‐SG algorithm is likely to be most useful to target selection in structural genomics consortia, while the XANNpred‐PDB algorithm is more suited to the general structural biology community. XANNpred predictions that include sliding window graphs are freely available from http://www.compbio.dundee.ac.uk/xannpred Proteins 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Difference in optical properties of anthracene molecule aggregates in fluorene and phenanthrene crystals
Authors: Aoki‐Matsumoto Tamao , Noda Kenta , Mizuno Ken‐ichi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractOptical properties of anthracene molecules in phenanthrene crystals with anthracene concentration of 0.03% to 8.4% were investigated and compared with those in fluorene crystals. In contrast to fluorene system where two kinds of dimers, one of which is accompanied by lattice relaxation, are observed, it was found that only one kind of dimers without lattice relaxation are observed in phenanthrene system. Also in aggregates of anthracene in higher concentration samples, the luminescence is a ‘free exciton’‐type in phenanthrene crystals in contrast to a ‘self‐trapped exciton’‐type in fluorene crystals. With reference to the variation of the magnitude of exciton–phonon coupling constant on nearest neighbour distance of molecules known for bulk crystals of aromatic molecules, the difference is attributed to longer inter molecular distance between anthracene molecules in phenanthrene matrix in comparison to those in fluorene matrix (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Residual stress study of silicon quantum dot in silicon carbide matrix by Raman measurement
Authors: Wan Zhenyu , Huang Shujuan , Green Martin , Conibeer Gavin 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTwo different annealing processes have been applied on Silicon rich SiCX amorphous samples: furnace annealing at 1100 °C/1hr and RTA at 1100 °C/30 sec. After annealing, both Si and SiC nanocrystals were clearly observed from TEM image and evaluated from XRD results. Peak position of Raman results are more blue shifted from Si reference wafer position in RTA samples (Δ=5.4 cm‐1) compare with furnace annealing samples (Δ=2 cm‐1), indicating greater tensile stress is applied on Si nanocrystals. This is because of different thermal expansion coefficient of Si and SiC crystals and fast temperature ramping rate in RTA process. In order to release the stress in RTA samples, additional annealing process has been applied. Raman analysis indicates, after applying an additional furnace annealing, all samples with different Si concentration could release most of the residual stress. But residual stress in low Si concentration samples could not be as well released by additional RTA due to insufficient time duration. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nanoparticle Layer Deposition for Plasmonic Tuning of Microstructured Optical Fibers
Authors: Csaki Andrea , Jahn Franka , Latka Ines , Henkel Thomas , Malsch Daniell , Schneider Thomas , Schröder Kerstin , Schuster Kay , Schwuchow Anka , Spittel Ron , Zopf David , Fritzsche Wolfgang 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPlasmonic nanoparticles with spectral properties in the UV‐to‐near‐IR range have a large potential for the development of innovative optical devices. Similarly, microstructured optical fibers (MOFs) represent a promising platform technology for fully integrated, next‐generation plasmonic devices; therefore, the combination of MOFs and plasmonic nanoparticles would open the way for novel applications, especially in sensing applications. In this Full Paper, a cost‐effective, innovative nanoparticle layer deposition (NLD) technique is demonstrated for the preparation of well‐defined plasmonic layers of selected particles inside the channels of MOFs. This dynamic chemical deposition method utilizes a combination of microfluidics and self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) techniques, leading to a longitudinal homogeneous particle density as long as several meters. By using particles with predefined plasmonic properties, such as the resonance wavelength, fibers with particle‐adequate spectral characteristics can be prepared. The application of such fibers for refractive‐index sensing yields a sensitivity of about 78 nm per refractive index unit (RIU). These novel, plasmonically tuned optical fibers with freely selected, application‐tailored optical properties present extensive possibilities for applications in localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensing.
Scalable model‐based configuration management of security services in complex enterprise networks
Authors: de Albuquerque João Porto , Krumm Heiko , de Geus Paulo Lício , Jeruschkat René 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSecurity administrators face the challenge of designing, deploying and maintaining a variety of configuration files related to security systems, especially in large‐scale networks. These files have heterogeneous syntaxes and follow differing semantic concepts. Nevertheless, they are interdependent due to security services having to cooperate and their configuration to be consistent with each other, so that global security policies are completely and correctly enforced. To tackle this problem, our approach supports a comfortable definition of an abstract high‐level security policy and provides an automated derivation of the desired configuration files. It is an extension of policy‐based management and policy hierarchies, combining model‐based management (MBM) with system modularization. MBM employs an object‐oriented model of the managed system to obtain the details needed for automated policy refinement. The modularization into abstract subsystems (ASs) segment the system—and the model—into units which more closely encapsulate related system components and provide focused abstract views. As a result, scalability is achieved and even comprehensive IT systems can be modelled in a unified manner. The associated tool MoBaSeC (Model‐Based‐Service‐Configuration) supports interactive graphical modelling, automated model analysis and policy refinement with the derivation of configuration files. We describe the MBM and AS approaches, outline the tool functions and exemplify their applications and results obtained. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In Vivo Assessment of the Electrophysiological Integration and Arrhythmogenic Risk of Myocardial Cell Transplantation Strategies
Authors: Gepstein Lior , Ding Chunhua , Rehemedula Dolkun , Wilson Emily E. , Yankelson Lior , Caspi Oren , Gepstein Amira , Huber Irit , Olgin Jeffery E. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Cell replacement strategies are promising interventions aiming to improve myocardial performance. Yet, the electrophysiological impact of these approaches has not been elucidated. We assessed the electrophysiological consequences of grafting of two candidate cell types, that is, skeletal myoblasts and human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs). The fluorescently labeled (DiO) candidate cells were grafted into the rat's left ventricular myocardium. Two weeks later, optical mapping was performed using the Langendorff-perfused rat heart preparation. Images were obtained with appropriate filters to delineate the heart's anatomy, to identify the DiO-labeled cells, and to associate this information with the voltage-mapping data (using the voltage-sensitive dye PGH-I). Histological examination revealed the lack of gap junctions between grafted skeletal myotubes and host cardiomyocytes. In contrast, positive Cx43 immunostaining was observed between donor and host cardiomyocytes in the hESC-CMs-transplanted hearts. Optical mapping demonstrated either normal conduction (four of six) or minimal conduction slowing (two of six) at the hESC-CMs engraftment sites. In contrast, marked slowing of conduction or conduction block was seen (seven of eight) at the myoblast transplantation sites. Ventricular arrhythmias could not be induced in the hESC-CM hearts following programmed electrical stimulation but were inducible in 50% of the myoblast-engrafted hearts. In summary, a unique method for assessment of the electrophysiological impact of myocardial cell therapy is presented. Our results demonstrate the ability of hESC-CMs to functionally integrate with host tissue. In contrast, transplantation of cells that do not form gap junctions (skeletal myoblats) led to localized conduction disturbances and to the generation of a proarrhythmogenic substrate.
Concise Review: Insights from Normal Bone Remodeling and Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Bone Repair
Authors: Khosla Sundeep , Westendorf Jennifer J. , Mödder Ulrike I. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
There is growing interest in the use of mesenchymal stem cells for bone repair. As a major reason for normal bone remodeling is the removal of fatigue microcracks, advances in our understanding of this process may inform approaches to enhance fracture healing. Increasing evidence now indicates that physiological bone remodeling occurs in close proximity to blood vessels and that these vessels carry perivascular stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts. Similarly, fracture healing is critically dependent on the ingrowth of blood vessels not only for a nutrient supply but also for the influx of osteoblasts. A number of animal and human studies have now shown the potential benefit of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in enhancing bone repair. However, as in other tissues, the question of whether these cells improve fracture healing directly by differentiating into osteoblasts or indirectly by secreting paracrine factors that recruit blood vessels and the accompanying perivascular stem cells remains a major unresolved issue. Moreover, CD34+ cells, which are enriched for endothelial/hematopoietic cells, have also shown efficacy in various bone repair models, at least in part due to the induction of angiogenesis and recruitment of host progenitor cells. Thus, mesenchymal and nonmesenchymal stem/progenitor cells are attractive options for bone repair. It is possible that they contribute directly to bone repair, but it is also likely that they express paracrine factors in the appropriate amounts and combinations that promote and sustain the healing process.
GSK-3β Inhibition Promotes Engraftment of Ex Vivo-Expanded Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Modulates Gene Expression
Authors: Ko Kap-Hyoun , Holmes Tiffany , Palladinetti Patricia , Song Emma , Nordon Robert , O'Brien Tracey A. , Dolnikov Alla 
Published: October 2010

AbstractGlycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) has been identified as an important regulator of stem cell function acting through activation of the wingless (Wnt) pathway. Here, we report that treatment with an inhibitor of GSK-3β, 6-bromoindirubin 3′-oxime (BIO) delayed cell cycle progression by increasing cell cycle time. BIO treatment resulted in the accumulation of late dividing cells enriched with primitive progenitor cells retaining the ability for sustained proliferation. In vivo analysis using a Non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) transplantation model has demonstrated that pretreatment with BIO promotes engraftment of ex vivo-expanded hematopoietic stem cells. BIO enhanced the engraftment of myeloid, lymphoid and primitive stem cell compartments. Limiting dilution analysis of SCID repopulating cells (SRC) revealed that BIO treatment increased human chimerism without increasing SRC frequency. Clonogenic analysis of human cells derived from the bone marrow of transplant recipient mice demonstrated that a higher level of human chimerism and cellularity was related to increased regeneration per SRC unit. Gene expression analysis showed that treatment with BIO did not modulate the expression of canonical Wnt target genes upregulated during cytokine-induced cell proliferation. BIO increased the expression of several genes regulating Notch and Tie2 signaling downregulated during ex vivo expansion, suggesting a role in improving stem cell engraftment. In addition, treatment with BIO upregulated CDK inhibitor p57 and downregulated cyclin D1, providing a possible mechanism for the delay seen in cell cycle progression. We conclude that transient, pharmacologic inhibition of GSK-3β provides a novel approach to improve engraftment of expanded HSC after stem cell transplantation.
Power, realism, and the ideal of human emancipation in a climate of change
Authors: Manuel‐Navarrete David 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMost attempts to formalize climate politics have focused on the reform of current governance regimes, including norms, rules, regulations, political will, and decision‐making procedures. Emphasis on reform entails a realist political approach, which only accounts for those incremental changes in power that can be objectively justified in terms of solving practical problems. This paper argues that political realism implicitly supports developmentalist logics of perpetual material growth which are precisely at the root of global environmental problems. Therefore, climate researchers have to move beyond this tradition of political thought, and engage in ‘critical theories’ and idealist approaches that question contemporary power relations. A few scholars have drawn on critical theory, historical materialism, Foucault, and Gramsci to explore power and human emancipation in the context of global environmental politics. These scholars identify hegemonic structures as essential causes of climate change. Accordingly, current power relations need to be fundamentally challenged, not only whenever extreme poverty averts the basic exercise of adaptive capacities, but, more broadly, whenever modernity and globalization set societies on unsustainable paths. This entails, on the one hand, redefining climate change as an opportunity to transform the structures under which modernity and global capitalism take place. On the other hand, it calls for reinterpreting adaptation within a broader project of universal emancipation from the structures that constrain our essential freedom and, with that, hinder effective and just societal responses to the challenges of climate change.WIREs Clim Change2010 1 781–785 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.87This article is categorized under:Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Sociology/Anthropology of Climate Knowledge
Hemispheric asymmetry: contributions from brain imaging
Authors: Hugdahl Kenneth 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA series of studies using functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging, including diffusion tensor imaging measures also, to elucidate the aspects of hemispheric asymmetry are reviewed. It is suggested that laterality evolved as a response to the demands of language and the need for air‐based communication which may have necessitated a division of labor between the hemispheres in order to avoid having duplicate copies in both the hemispheres that would increase processing redundancy. This would have put pressure on brain structures related to the evolution of language and speech, such as the left peri‐Sylvian region. MRI data are provided showing structural and functional asymmetry in this region of the brain and how fibers connecting the right and left peri‐Sylvian regions pass through the corpus callosum. It is further suggested that the so‐called Yakelovian‐torque, i.e., the twisting of the brain along the longitudinal axis, with the right frontal and left occipital poles protruding beyond the corresponding left and right sides, was necessary for the expansion of the left peri‐Sylvian region and the right occipito‐parietal regions subserving the processing of spatial relations. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data related to sex differences for visuo‐spatial processing are presented showing enhanced right‐sided activation in posterior parts of the brain in both sexes, and frontal activation including Broca's area in the female group only, suggesting that males and females use different strategies when solving a cognitive task. The paper ends with a discussion of the role of the corpus callosum in laterality and the role played by structural asymmetry in understanding corresponding functional asymmetry.WIREs Cogni Sci2011 2 461–478 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.122This article is categorized under:Psychology > Brain Function and Dysfunction
Prevalence and risk factors for domestic violence against infertile women in an Iranian setting
Authors: Ardabily Hasan E. , Moghadam Zahra B. , Salsali Mahvash , Ramezanzadeh Fatemeh , Nedjat Saharnaz 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of and risk factors for domestic violence against women with female factor infertility in an Iranian setting.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional survey conducted from August 1, 2009 to January 31, 2010, 400 women with primary infertility attending Valiasr Reproductive Health Research Center in Tehran, Iran, were interviewed using the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales questionnaire (CTS2). This instrument was developed to investigate the presence domestic violence.ResultsA total of 247 women (61.8%) reported having experienced domestic violence because of their infertility. The most common type of violence was psychological (n = 135 [33.8%]), followed by physical (n = 56 [14%]) and sexual (n = 32 [8%]), with 24 women (6%) reporting injuries. All women reported their husbands to be the perpetrators.ConclusionDomestic violence against infertile women is a considerable yet unreported problem. Clinicians should identify the abused women and provide them with medical care and supportive counseling.
Role of mitomycin C in reducing keloid recurrence: patient series and literature review
Authors: Gupta M , Narang T 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjective:To study the role of mitomycin C in reducing keloid recurrence.Study design:Prospective, randomised, controlled trial.Setting:Tertiary care referral centre.Patients:Case series of 20 patients presenting with 26 pinna swellings, mostly following ear piercing.Interventions:We used the technique of surgical shave excision combined with topical application of mitomycin C and secondary wound healing, in all 26 pinnae.Results:Patients were followed up six to 24 months post-operatively. No recurrences were noted during this period.Conclusion:Keloids are fibrotic lesions resulting from abnormal wound healing. The uncontrolled proliferation of normal tissue healing processes results in scarring that enlarges well beyond the original wound margins. Successful treatment of keloids remains a challenge because this disease process has a high propensity for recurrence. Various therapies have previously been reported, and success rates are highly variable. We believe that shave excision followed by topical mitomycin C application is a promising treatment option for the management of pinna keloids.
Nasal tuberculosis – an update of current clinical and laboratory investigation
Authors: Masterson L , Srouji I , Kent R , Bath A P 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjective:To report a case of primary nasal tuberculosis, and to discuss the diagnostic difficulties encountered.Setting:A teaching hospital in Norwich, UK.Method:Case report and review of the English language literature concerning tuberculosis affecting the head and neck region.Result:The diagnosis of nasal tuberculosis is based on: histological identification of granulomatous inflammation; positive testing for acid-alcohol resistant bacilli; and positive culture. Newer diagnostic tests have the advantage of speed and improved accuracy, but are not as yet completely evaluated for the diagnosis of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis.Conclusion:It is important to consider nasal tuberculosis in the initial differential diagnosis. The quest to exclude a malignancy may lead to unacceptable delays in treatment.
Turán-Ramsey Theorems and Kp-Independence Numbers
Authors: Erdős P. , Hajnal A. , Simonovits M. , Sós V. T. , Szemerédi E. 
Published: October 2010

Let the Kp-independence number αp (G) of a graph G be the maximum order of an induced subgraph in G that contains no Kp. (So K2-independence number is just the maximum size of an independent set.) For given integers r, p, m > 0 and graphs L1,…,Lr, we define the corresponding Turán-Ramsey function RTp(n, L1,…,Lr, m) to be the maximum number of edges in a graph Gn of order n such that αp(Gn) ≤ m and there is an edge-colouring of G with r colours such that the jth colour class contains no copy of Lj, for j = 1,…, r. In this continuation of [11] and [12], we will investigate the problem where, instead of α(Gn) = o(n), we assume (for some fixed p > 2) the stronger condition that αp(Gn) = o(n). The first part of the paper contains multicoloured Turán-Ramsey theorems for graphs Gn of order n with small Kp-independence number αp(Gn). Some structure theorems are given for the case αp(Gn) = o(n), showing that there are graphs with fairly simple structure that are within o(n2) of the extremal size; the structure is described in terms of the edge densities between certain sets of vertices.The second part of the paper is devoted to the case r = 1, i.e., to the problem of determining the asymptotic value offor p < q. Several results are proved, and some other problems and conjectures are stated.