bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring the accuracy of different ways to identify the ‘at‐risk’ foot in routine clinical practice
Authors: Leese G. P. , Cochrane L. , Mackie A. D. R. , Stang D. , Brown K. , Green V. 
Published: March 2011

Diabet. Med. 28, 747–754 (2011)AbstractAims  We aimed to identify which individual risk factors best predict foot ulceration in routine clinical practice and whether an integrated clinical tool is a better screening tool for future foot ulceration.Methods  Routinely collected clinical information on foot and general diabetes indicators were recorded on the regional diabetes electronic register. Follow‐up data on foot ulceration were collected from the same electronic record, the local multidisciplinary foot clinic and community and hospital podiatry paper records. Data were electronically linked to see which criteria best predicted future foot ulceration.Results  Foot risk scores were recorded on 3719 patients (44% female, mean age 59 ± 15 years) across community and hospital clinics. Overall, 851 (22.9%) had insensitivity to monofilaments, in 629 (17.2%) both pulses were absent and 184 (4.9%) had a prior ulcer. In multivariate analysis, the strongest predictors of foot ulceration were prior ulcer, insulin treatment, absent monofilaments, structural abnormality and proteinuria and retinopathy. The sensitivity of predicting foot ulceration was 52% for prior ulcer, 61% for absent monofilaments, 75% for ‘high risk’ on an integrated risk score and 91% for high and moderate risk combined. The corresponding specificities were 99, 81, 89 and 61%. Positive likelihood ratio was 52 for prior ulcer and 6.8 for foot risk, with negative likelihood ratios of 0.48 and 0.15, respectively.Conclusions  Integrated foot risk scores are more sensitive than individual clinical criteria in predicting future foot ulceration and are likely to be better screening tools, where excluding false negative results is of paramount importance.
Illness perceptions and glycaemic control in diabetes: a systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Mc Sharry J. , Moss‐Morris R. , Kendrick T. 
Published: March 2011

Diabet. Med. 28, 1300–1310 (2011)AbstractAims  The Illness Perception Questionnaire, the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire and the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire have been widely used to measure people’s beliefs about diabetes. This review aimed to synthesize evidence on the relationship between the dimensions of the Illness Perception Questionnaire, the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire and the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire and HbA1c level in adults with diabetes.Methods  A systematic literature search was carried out in January 2010 to identify relevant studies. Random‐effects model meta‐analyses were conducted with cross‐sectional data to quantify the relationship between Illness Perception Questionnaire dimensions and HbA1c across studies. Randomized controlled trials that targeted Illness Perception Questionnaire perceptions and included HbA1c as an outcome measure were discussed in a narrative review.Results  Nine cross‐sectional studies and four randomized controlled trials were included. Stronger Identity (r+ = 0.14), Consequences (r+ = 0.14), Timeline Cyclical (r+ = 0.26) Concern (r+ = 0.21), and Emotional Representations (r+ = 0.18) perceptions had significant positive associations with HbA1c. Greater Personal Control (r+ = – 0.12) was negatively associated with HbA1c. For all relationships, heterogeneity tests were non‐significant, suggesting little variability in effect size estimates. Two of the four randomized controlled trials successfully changed illness perceptions, with one also reporting an intervention group reduction in HbA1c.Conclusions  Some Illness Perception Questionnaire dimensions had small significant associations with HbA1c, although the direction of these associations remains unclear. There was also tentative evidence that illness perceptions can be positively changed through targeted intervention and that these changes may also impact on glycaemic control. Future research could benefit from tailoring intervention content to perceptions that are most highly associated with HbA1c.
Estimating the Fraction of ‘Non-Genuine’ Artwork by Henry Moore for Sale on eBay: Application of Latent Class Screening Test Methodology
Authors: Gastwirth Joseph L. , Johnson Wesley O. , Hikawa Hiro 
Published: March 2011

SummaryAlthough the Internet has provided consumers with new ways to purchase goods, it also has allowed less scrupulous businesses and individuals to offer poor quality or mislabelled items. In particular, the operators of Internet auction sites may not be required to guarantee the quality or genuineness of the items listed. A latent class approach that was originally developed to estimate the accuracy of medical tests and the prevalence of an infection is adapted to provide estimates of the prevalence of ‘questionable’ artwork offered on eBay. The method requires the existence of two subpopulations with a different prevalence of the trait and each subject is classified by two different tests. As Henry Moore produced less expensive lithographs and etchings, in addition to small sculptures and original drawings, two subpopulations of artwork were available. Two knowledgeable individuals independently assessed all the works by Moore offered on eBay for a period of 18 months. After discussing the issue of non-genuine versions of Moore’s art with experts on Henry Moore, a Bayesian approach was adopted. The method estimates that about 90% of the drawings and small sculptures that are listed on eBay are not genuine whereas most, about 90–95%, of signed prints are genuine. Because the methodology does not require a ‘gold standard’ it can be adopted by consumer protection agencies or producers of expensive items to monitor the authenticity of those objects offered to the public on Internet auction sites.
The history and management of black rhino in KwaZulu‐Natal: a population genetic approach to assess the past and guide the future
Authors: Karsten M. , van Vuuren B. Jansen , Goodman P. , Barnaud A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe numbers of black rhino Diceros bicornis in Africa declined dramatically during the last century due primarily to poaching and latterly habitat transformation and fragmentation and as such, significant concerns exist with regard to the long‐term population viability and the management of these fragmented populations. A considerable proportion of the remaining black rhino (ssp. minor) are found within South Africa where they largely fall under the protection and management of Ezemvelo KwaZulu‐Natal (KZN) Wildlife. Here we provide information on the genetic diversity, population differentiation and level of inbreeding among 77 Diceros bicornis minor individuals sampled in seven protected areas within the KZN Province of South Africa and a single population from Zimbabwe founded from the KZN population. For reference purposes with the cluster analyses, we included four individuals from ssp. bicornis and four individuals from ssp. michaeli. We found low levels of differentiation among ssp. minor populations across the KZN Province; this result is not unexpected given the history of establishments and translocations between reserves. In fact, we argue that the translocations conducted by Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife have contributed to the acceptable levels of heterozygosity and minimal inbreeding which characterize the majority of protected areas in the province. Although the overall genetic diversity in D. b. minor is lower than that present in both Diceros bicornis bicornis and Diceros bicornis michaeli, we do not feel that it is any cause for concern at this stage as it still falls within the range reported for other large mammals across Africa. The information presented here forms the basis of an ongoing monitoring programme aimed at providing vital information which, when taken with ecological and other data, will direct the future management decisions regarding translocations between reserves in South Africa and the exchange of individuals with other countries.
Benefits of hyperspectral remote sensing for tracking plant invasions
Authors: He Kate S. , Rocchini Duccio , Neteler Markus , Nagendra Harini 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAim  We aim to report what hyperspectral remote sensing can offer for invasion ecologists and review recent progress made in plant invasion research using hyperspectral remote sensing.Location  United States.Methods  We review the utility of hyperspectral remote sensing for detecting, mapping and predicting the spatial spread of invasive species. We cover a range of topics including the trade‐off between spatial and spectral resolutions and classification accuracy, the benefits of using time series to incorporate phenology in mapping species distribution, the potential of biochemical and physiological properties in hyperspectral spectral reflectance for tracking ecosystem changes caused by invasions, and the capacity of hyperspectral data as a valuable input for quantitative models developed for assessing the future spread of invasive species.Results  Hyperspectral remote sensing holds great promise for invasion research. Spectral information provided by hyperspectral sensors can detect invaders at the species level across a range of community and ecosystem types. Furthermore, hyperspectral data can be used to assess habitat suitability and model the future spread of invasive species, thus providing timely information for invasion risk analysis.Main conclusions  Our review suggests that hyperspectral remote sensing can effectively provide a baseline of invasive species distributions for future monitoring and control efforts. Furthermore, information on the spatial distribution of invasive species can help land managers to make long‐term constructive conservation plans for protecting and maintaining natural ecosystems.
Genome‐wide association study identifies a single major locus contributing to survival into old age; the APOE locus revisited
Authors: Deelen Joris , Beekman Marian , Uh Hae‐Won , Helmer Quinta , Kuningas Maris , Christiansen Lene , Kremer Dennis , van der Breggen Ruud , Suchiman H. Eka D. , Lakenberg Nico , van den Akker Erik B. , Passtoors Willemijn M. , Tiemeier Henning , van Heemst Diana , de Craen Anton J. , Rivadeneira Fernando , de Geus Eco J , Perola Markus , van der Ouderaa Frans J. , Gunn David A. , Boomsma Dorret I. , Uitterlinden André G. , Christensen Kaare , van Duijn Cornelia M. , Heijmans Bastiaan T. , Houwing‐Duistermaat Jeanine J. , Westendorp Rudi G. J. , Slagboom P. Eline 
Published: March 2011

SummaryBy studying the loci that contribute to human longevity, we aim to identify mechanisms that contribute to healthy aging. To identify such loci, we performed a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) comparing 403 unrelated nonagenarians from long‐living families included in the Leiden Longevity Study (LLS) and 1670 younger population controls. The strongest candidate SNPs from this GWAS have been analyzed in a meta‐analysis of nonagenarian cases from the Rotterdam Study, Leiden 85‐plus study, and Danish 1905 cohort. Only one of the 62 prioritized SNPs from the GWAS analysis (P < 1 × 10−4) showed genome‐wide significance with survival into old age in the meta‐analysis of 4149 nonagenarian cases and 7582 younger controls [OR = 0.71 (95% CI 0.65–0.77), P = 3.39 × 10−17]. This SNP, rs2075650, is located in TOMM40 at chromosome 19q13.32 close to the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene. Although there was only moderate linkage disequilibrium between rs2075650 and the ApoE ε4 defining SNP rs429358, we could not find an APOE‐independent effect of rs2075650 on longevity, either in cross‐sectional or in longitudinal analyses. As expected, rs429358 associated with metabolic phenotypes in the offspring of the nonagenarian cases from the LLS and their partners. In addition, we observed a novel association between this locus and serum levels of IGF‐1 in women (P = 0.005). In conclusion, the major locus determining familial longevity up to high age as detected by GWAS was marked by rs2075650, which tags the deleterious effects of the ApoE ε4 allele. No other major longevity locus was found.
Reproducibility and sensitivity of muscle reoxygenation and oxygen uptake recovery kinetics following running exercise in the field
Authors: Buchheit Martin , Ufland Pierre , Haydar Bachar , Laursen Paul B. , Ahmaidi Said 
Published: March 2011

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of postexercise near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)‐derived measurements and their sensitivity to different exercise intensities in the field. Seventeen athletes (24·1 ± 5·6 year) repeated, on three occasions, two 2‐min submaximal shuttle‐runs at 40% and 60% of VIFT (final speed of the 30–15 intermittent fitness test) and a 50‐m shuttle‐run sprint (Sprint), with (OCC) or without (CON) repeated transient arterial occlusions of the medial gastrocnemius during the postexercise period. NIRS variables (i.e. oxyhaemoglobin [HbO2], deoxyhaemoglobin [HHb] and their difference [Hbdiff]) were measured continuously for 3 min after each exercise. Half‐recovery (½Rec) and mean response (MRT; monoexponential curve fitting) times of muscle reoxygenation and muscle oxygen uptake () recovery were calculated. Reliability was assessed using the typical error of measurement, expressed as a coefficient of variation (CV). Postexercise recovery of muscle reoxygenation revealed CVs ranging from 16·8% to 37·3%; CV for recovery ranged from 6·2% to 20·9%, with no substantial differences shown between NIRS variables and exercise intensities. While running, intensity did not affect MRT or ½Rec for muscle reoxygenation, and differences were found for recovery (e.g. [Hbdiff]‐ MRT = 28·7 ± 5·2, 34·2 ± 5·1 and 37·3 ± 6·2 s for 40%, 60% and Sprint, respectively, P<0·01). To conclude, the kinetics of postexercise NIRS measurements showed CV values ranging from 6% to 37%, with no substantial differences between exercise intensities or NIRS‐derived variables. However, exercise intensity did influence recovery kinetics, but not that of muscle reoxygenation in an occlusion‐free condition.
Low‐income Euro‐American Mothers' Perceptions of Health and Self‐care Practices
Authors: Mendias Elnora P. , Clark Michele C. , Guevara Edilma B. , Svrcek Claire Y. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACT
Objective: Health promotion activities may decrease preventable diseases and health system overuse. This study examined how low‐income Euro‐American mothers described their health/wellness, self‐care practices (SCP), and SCP benefits, barriers, and interpersonal influences (norms, modeling, and social support) affecting their SCP.Design and Sample: This descriptive qualitative study used a convenience sample of 10 low‐income, English‐speaking mothers, 25–43 years old, seeking women's/children's health services at a large urban Texas health clinic.Measures: Data were collected via face‐to‐face interviews, using a standardized semistructured interview guide; data were analyzed using Miles and Huberman's qualitative research methods.Results: All participants primarily described themselves positively and as mothers and workers. Most viewed health and wellness as distinct but typically included physical and emotional well‐being. Mothers valued health and SCP for personal and family reasons. All identified SCP benefits. Most identified SCP barriers. Women viewed themselves as vital to family function and well‐being, learned SCP primarily from parents during childhood, and described limited support for SCP.Conclusions: The results provide a better understanding of participants' self‐care decision making and are useful in designing appropriate clinical health promotions. Reducing health inequities in low‐income women requires further study of the underlying causes and development of effective policies and measures to address them.
The Nature of Occupational Violence Against Taxicab Drivers
Authors: Gilbert Betsy 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACT
Objective: This research sought to expand evidence about the nature of occupational violence against taxicab drivers and provide further understanding of occupational violence from their perspective.Design and Sample: Qualitative research using hermeneutic analysis was conducted. Sixteen taxicab drivers were interviewed, transcripts were analyzed, and the themes describing the nature of occupational violence were identified.Results: Study participants reported exposure to violence, including incidents that involved money, interpersonal violence, encounters during night shift, and physical violence and weapons. Verbatim quotes illustrated violent acts that taxicab drivers experienced.Conclusions: The study findings reveal that taxicab drivers are commonly exposed to violence on the job. Acts that the participants reported as violence included racism, disrespect, verbal abuse, and physical violence. These incidents highlighted the perception of foreign‐born drivers that their risk for violence on the job is increased because they are members of a visible minority. Community/public health nursing practice implications include actions that: (a) reduce psychosocial risks and disparities from exposure to occupational violence, (b) develop effective prevention measures that reduce exposure of taxicab drivers to violence, (c) consider this worker population when planning community violence prevention programs, and (d) influence public policy related to taxicab driver safety. The investigator advocates and offers recommendations for future research about the nature, effects, and prevention of occupational violence against taxicab drivers.
Comparison of Medial and Lateral Ultrasound‐Guided Approaches for Periarticular Injection of the Thoracolumbar Intervertebral Facet Joints in Horses
Authors: Cousty Matthieu , Firidolfi Charlotte , Geffroy Olivier , David Florent 
Published: March 2011

Objective: To compare ultrasound‐guided lateral and medial approaches for periarticular injections of the thoracolumbar intervertebral facet joints (IFJ).Study Design: Experimental cadaveric study.Sample Population: Adult equine cadavers (n=4).Methods: IFJ (T12–T13 to L5–L6) were identified by ultrasound (transducer perpendicular to the spine axis) and insertion of a 13 cm, 18 g spinal needle monitored until bone contact using medial (right side) and lateral (left side) approaches. Number of needle insertions at each site, needle repositioning, and insertion depth were recorded. On bone contact 2 mL latex was injected. Intraarticular deposition, distance of latex from the closest articular margin, and presence of latex in the multifidus muscle were established by dissection.Results: Of 96 attempts, only 1 site require reinsertion of the needle; however, 46% of the injections required needle repositioning. Mean ± SD insertion depth was 8.5 ± 1.1 cm. Most injections (86%) were intraarticular and 96% were at or within 0.5 cm of the closest articular margin. Needle insertion relative to the transducer (lateral, medial) had no effect on the distance from the latex to the closest articular margin and all injections were performed into the multifidus muscle.Conclusions: Ultrasound‐guidance facilitated accurate periarticular injection of thoracolumbar IFJ irrespective of using a medial or lateral approach.
An Alternative Pathway Electrosurgical Unit Injury in a Dog
Authors: Burgess Richard C. F. , Freeman Lynetta J. , Jennings Ryan N. , Lenz Stephen D. 
Published: March 2011

Objective: To report esophageal perforation, caused by alternative current pathway from the use of a monopolar electrosurgery unit (ESU), during routine orthopedic surgery in a dog.Study Design: Clinical report.Animals: Two‐year‐old male Labrador retriever.Methods: Medial meniscectomy and lateral suture stabilization were performed on a healthy Labrador retriever with a ruptured cranial cruciate ligament. Monopolar electrosurgery was used during the procedure for hemostasis and tissue dissection. Anesthetic monitoring was augmented with an esophageal electrocardiogram (ECG) probe. The day after surgery, the dog appeared dehydrated. After intravenous fluid therapy, respiratory distress was noted and thoracic radiography and contrast fluoroscopy revealed an esophageal perforation.Results: Exploratory surgery was planned to repair the defect. Cardiac arrest occurred after induction. Gross necropsy findings and histopathologic examination revealed lesions consistent with thermal necrosis of the esophagus and myocardial degeneration. An internal investigation of this medical device accident revealed that multiple factors may have contributed to the injury.Conclusions: An alternative current pathway from the monopolar ESU to the esophageal ECG probe resulted in a full‐thickness esophageal thermal injury and cardiac failure.
Security Issue Timing: What Do Managers Know, and When Do They Know It?
Authors: JENTER DIRK , LEWELLEN KATHARINA , WARNER JEROLD B. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTWe study put option sales on company stock by large firms. An often‐cited motivation for these transactions is market timing, and managers' decision to issue puts should be sensitive to whether the stock is undervalued. We provide new evidence that large firms successfully time security sales. In the 100 days following put option issues, there is roughly a 5% abnormal stock return, with much of the abnormal return following the first earnings release date after the sale. Direct evidence on put option exercises reinforces these findings: exercise frequencies and payoffs to put holders are abnormally low.
The Joy of Giving or Assisted Living? Using Strategic Surveys to Separate Public Care Aversion from Bequest Motives
Authors: AMERIKS JOHN , CAPLIN ANDREW , LAUFER STEVEN , VAN NIEUWERBURGH STIJN 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThe “annuity puzzle,” conveying the apparently low interest of retirees in longevity insurance, is central to household finance. Two possible explanations are “public care aversion” (PCA), retiree aversion to simultaneously running out of wealth and being in need of long‐term care, and an intentional bequest motive. To disentangle the relative importance of PCA and bequest motive, we estimate a structural model of the retirement phase using a novel survey instrument that includes hypothetical questions. We identify PCA as very significant and find bequest motives that spread deep into the middle class. Our results highlight potential interest in annuities that make allowance for long‐term care expenses.
The Interim Trading Skills of Institutional Investors
Authors: PUCKETT ANDY , YAN XUEMIN (STERLING) 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTUsing a large proprietary database of institutional trades, this paper examines the interim (intraquarter) trading skills of institutional investors. We find strong evidence that institutional investors earn significant abnormal returns on their trades within the trading quarter and that interim trading performance is persistent. After transactions costs, our estimates suggest that interim trading skills contribute between 20 and 26 basis points per year to the average fund's abnormal performance. Our findings also indicate that any trading skills documented by previous studies that use quarterly data are biased downwards because of their inability to account for interim trades.