bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How does a focusing event shape public opinion? Natural experimental evidence from the Orlando mass shooting
Authors: Zhang Youlang , Liu Xinsheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPolicy process theories posit that focusing events can trigger significant shifts in public attention and policy preferences, thereby reshaping public agenda setting. Prior studies, however, have not clearly defined the scope of public opinion changes induced by these focusing events, leading to inconsistent empirical findings. This study aims to reconceptualize the multiple layers of public opinion and formulate testable hypotheses to investigate the causal effects of a major focusing event—the 2016 Orlando nightclub mass shooting—on public opinion. Using original and unique survey data collected immediately pre‐ and post‐Orlando shooting, we find that this event significantly heightened public attention to terror‐related issues, particularly armed terror attacks on civilians. This increased attention translated into heightened support for augmented government counterterrorism spending. However, the event did not significantly alter public attention or support for government spending on other terror‐related acts less relevant to the Orlando shooting. Moreover, the event did not change individuals' policy preferences regarding specific policy proposals to address mass shootings. Our study enriches public policy and public opinion research and provides fresh insights into the relationship between focusing events and public agenda setting.
Evaluation of embryo–foetal biometry and its correlation with parturition date in Toy Poodle bitches
Authors: Xavier Gleice Mendes , Bittencourt Rodrigo Freitas , Planzo Fernandes Maíra , Biscarde Carmo Emanuel de Almeida , Carneiro Isabella de Matos Brandão , Costa Eduardo Oliveira , Fuchs Kárita da Mata , Costa Thamys , Loiola Marcus Vinícius Galvão 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEstimating the parturition date in dogs is challenging due to their reproductive peculiarities that. Ultrasonographic examination serves as a tool for studying embryo/foetal biometry and estimating the time of parturition by measuring foetal and extra‐foetal structures. However, due to reproductive differences among various dog breeds, such estimates may have a non‐significant pattern, representing inaccuracies in the estimated date of birth. This study aimed to monitor pregnant Toy Poodle bitches and establish relationships between ultrasonographically measured foetal and extra‐foetal dimensions and the remaining time until parturition. Eighteen pregnant Toy Poodle bitches were subjected to weekly ultrasonographic evaluations and measurements of the inner chorionic cavity diameter, craniocaudal length (CCL), biparietal diameter (BPD), diameter of the deep portion of diencephalo‐telencephalic vesicle (DPTV), abdominal diameter, thorax diameter (TXD), placental thickness and the renal diameter (REND). These parameters were retrospectively correlated with the date of parturition and linear regressions were established between gestational measurements and days before parturition (DBP). All analyses were conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM® SPSS®) program at a 5% significance level. The foetal measurements that showed a high correlation (r) and reliability (R2) with DBP were BPD [(DBP = [15.538 × BPD] − 39.756), r = .97 and R2 = .93], TXD [(DBP = [8.933 × TXD] − 32.487), r = .94 and R2 = .89], DPTV [(DBP = [34.580 × DPTV] − 39.403), r = .93 and R2 = .86] and REND [(DBP = [13.735 × REND] − 28.937), r = .91 and R2 = .82]. This statistically validates the application of these specific formulas to estimate the parturition date in Toy Poodle bitches.
Contemporary Concise Review 2023: Environmental and occupational lung diseases
Authors: Yatera Kazuhiro , Nishida Chinatsu 
Published: June 2024

SUMMARY OF KEY POINTS
Air pollutants have various effects on human health in environmental and occupational settings.
Air pollutants can be a risk factor for incidence, exacerbation/aggravation and death due to various lung diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), hypersensitivity pneumonitis or pneumonia (HP), pulmonary fibrosis such as pneumoconiosis and malignant respiratory diseases such as lung cancer and malignant pleural mesothelioma.
Environmental and occupational respiratory diseases are crucial clinical and social issues worldwide, although the burden of respiratory disease due to environmental and occupational causes varies depending on country/region, demographic variables, geographical location, industrial structure and socioeconomic situation.
The correct recognition of environmental and occupational lung diseases and taking appropriate measures are essential to their effective prevention.
Acinetobacter baumannii
satellite phage Aci01-2-Phanie depends on a helper myophage for its multiplication
Authors: Pourcel Christine , Essoh Christiane , Ouldali Malika , Tavares Paulo 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

We report the discovery of a satellite-helper phage system with a novel type of dependence on a tail donor. The
Acinetobacter baumannii
satellite podovirus Aci01-2-Phanie (short name Phanie) uses a phage phi29-like DNA replication and packaging mode. Its linear 11,885 bp dsDNA genome bears 171 bp inverted terminal repeats (ITR). Phanie is related to phage DU-PP-III from
Pectobacterium
and to members of the
Astrithrvirus
from
Salmonella enterica
. Together, they form a new clade of phages with 27% to 30% identity over the whole genome. Detailed 3D protein structure prediction and mass spectrometry analyses demonstrate that Phanie encodes its capsid structural genes and genes necessary to form a short tail. However, our study reveals that Phanie virions are non-infectious unless they associate with the contractile tail of an unrelated phage, Aci01-1, to produce chimeric myoviruses. Following the coinfection of Phanie with myovirus Aci01-1, hybrid viral particles composed of Phanie capsids and Aci01-1 contractile tails are assembled together with Phanie and Aci01-1 particles.

IMPORTANCE
There are few reported cases of satellite-helper phage interactions but many more may be yet undiscovered. Here we describe a new mode of satellite phage dependence on a helper phage. Phanie, like phage phi29, replicates its linear dsDNA by a protein primed-mechanism and protects it inside podovirus-like particles. However, these particles are defective, requiring the acquisition of the tail from a myovirus helper for production of infectious virions. The formation of chimeras between a phi29-like podovirus and a helper contractile tail reveals an unexpected association between very different bacterial viruses.
Qualitative study of perceptions of factors contributing to success or failure among participants in a US weight loss trial of financial incentives and environmental change strategies
Authors: Glanz Karen , Kather Collin , Chung Annie , Choi Ji Rebekah , Volpp Kevin G , Clapp Justin 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundThe use of financial incentives and environmental change strategies to encourage health behaviour change is increasingly prevalent. However, the experiences of participants in incentive interventions are not well characterised. Examination of participant perceptions of financial incentives and environmental strategies can offer insights about how these interventions are facilitating or failing to encourage behaviour change.ObjectiveThis study aimed to learn how participants in a randomised trial that tested financial incentives and environmental interventions to support weight loss perceived factors contributing to their success or failure in the trial.DesignQualitative study with one-time interviews of trial participants with high and low success in losing weight, supplemented by study records of incentive payments and weight loss.Participants24 trial participants (12 with substantial weight loss and 12 with no weight loss) stratified equally across the 4 trial arms (incentives, environmental strategies, combined and usual care) were interviewed.Analytical approachTranscribed interviews were coded and interpreted using an iterative process. Explanation development was completed using an abductive approach.ResultsResponses of trial participants who were very successful in losing weight differed in several ways from those who were not. Successful participants described more robust prior attempts at dietary and exercise modification, more active engagement with self-limitations, more substantial social support and a greater ability to routinise dietary and exercise changes than did participants who did not lose weight. Successful participants often stated that weight loss was its own reward, even without receiving incentives. Neither group could articulate the details of the incentive intervention or consistently differentiate incentives from study payments.ConclusionsA number of factors distinguished successful from unsuccessful participants in this intervention. Participants who were successful tended to attribute their success to intrinsic motivation and prior experience. Making incentives more salient may make them more effective for participants with greater extrinsic motivation.Trial registration numberNCT02878343
Correlation between uncertainty stress and depression among healthcare professionals in China: a nationwide cross-sectional survey
Authors: Xia Jingjing , Wu Lihong , Yan Bo , Pan Jianjiang , Fang Lizheng , Zhu Wenhua , Chen Liying 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveThis study investigated the correlation between uncertainty stress (US) and depression among healthcare professionals (HCPs) in China.Design, settings and participantsA cross-sectional online survey was conducted by recruiting HCPs from three provinces in China (central, eastern and western) through purposive sampling between 29 September 2022 and 18 January 2023. US was measured using the Life Stress Questionnaire and depression was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. In total, 2976 questionnaires were deemed valid.Primary and secondary outcomeThis study examined the prevalence of US and depression among HCPs in China; the correlating sociodemographic traits; and the correlation between US and depression.ResultsThe prevalence of US and depression among HCPs in China was 26.54% (790 out of 2976) and 71.63% (2132 out of 2976). Binary logistic analysis revealed that individuals with graduate degrees (OR: 1.83; 95% CI 1.07 to 3.11; p<0.05), central China (OR: 1.75; 95% CI 1.36 to 2.24; p<0.01), primary medical institutes (OR: 1.33; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.72; p<0.05), secondary medical institutes (OR: 1.30; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.68; p<0.05), an annual income of less than ¥50 000 (OR: 1.85; 95% CI 1.26 to 2.73; p<0.01) and an income range of ¥50 000–¥99 999 (OR: 1.49; 95% CI 1.10 to 2.03; p<0.05) were associated with a higher likelihood of US. The adjusted logistic regression model demonstrated that HCPs with higher US had a greater likelihood of depression (adjusted OR: 5.02; 95% CI 3.88 to 6.50; p<0.01). The increase in the US score was paralleled by an increased depression score (beta (B): 1.32; 95% CI 1.25 to 1.39; p<0.01).ConclusionThese findings reveal a significant correlation between US and depression among HCPs and suggest that improving the management of US may help reduce the prevalence of depression among HCPs.
Pain and other complications of pelvic mesh: a systematic review of qualitative studies and thematic synthesis of women’s accounts
Authors: Williams Amanda C de C , Lodato Mary , McGrigor Honor 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesSynthesis of the experience of women with pain from pelvic or vaginal mesh or its removal, to identify pain-related problems and to formulate psychological aspects of pain.DesignSystematic review and thematic analysis of qualitative studies of pain from pelvic or vaginal mesh, or mesh removal, in women over 18 years, using individual interviews, focus groups, free text, or written or oral contributions to formal enquiries.Data sourcesMedline, Embase and PsycINFO, from inception to 26 April 2023.Eligibility criteriaQualitative studies of pain and other symptoms from pelvic or vaginal mesh or its removal; adults; no language restriction.Data extraction and synthesisLine-by-line coding of participant quotations and study author statements by one author to provide codes that were applied to half the studies by another author and differences resolved by discussion. Codes were grouped into subthemes and themes by both authors, then scrutinised and discussed by a focus group of mesh-injured women for omissions, emphasis and coherence. Studies were appraised using an amalgamation of the CASP and COREQ tools.Results2292 search results produced 9 eligible studies, with 7–752 participants, a total of around 2000. Four recruited patients, four totally or partially from mesh advocacy groups, and two were national enquiries (UK and Australia). Four major themes were as follows: broken body, broken mind; distrust of doctors and the medical industry; broken life and keeping going—a changed future. Psychological content mainly concerned the loss of trust in medical care, leaving women unsupported in facing an uncertain future. Mesh-injured women strongly endorsed the findings.ConclusionsPain and other problems associated with pelvic mesh are profound and far-reaching for women affected. Worse, they feel subject to continued gaslighting, including denial of their mesh-related problems and dismissal of their concerns about continued mesh insertion.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022330527.
Development and validation of reference equations for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-derived measures of fat-free mass in adults aged 45–85 years: results from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Authors: Jenkins Alex R. , Lewthwaite Hayley , Jensen Dennis 
Published: June 2024

Reference equations for fat-free mass (FFM) and lean soft tissue mass (LM) measures obtained from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) are important for the interpretation of body composition. This study developed and validated reference equations for FFM and LM using DEXA from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Reference equations were developed using data from a random population-based sample of ostensibly healthy and functionally independent adults aged 45–85 years. Reference equations for absolute (accounting for age, sex, height, and body mass) and height-adjusted aka index (accounting for age, sex, and body mass index) measures of FFM and LM were developed using quantile regression. Reference equations were respectively developed and validated in derivation (80%) and validation cohorts (20%). Reference equations were applied to symptomatic adults with self-reported chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or heart disease to assess discriminant validity; and compared with other published equations to assess performance. Bland-Altman analyses and Lin’s concordance correlation coefficients were utilised to assess agreement. Reference equations for 5th, 10th, 50th, 90th, and 95th percentiles were developed for DEXA-derived estimates of FFM and LM based on 1881 healthy participants (57% male) aged 55 [IQR: 50–61] years. Reference equations performed comparably in the validation cohort and discriminated reference values between ostensibly healthy adults and people with symptomatic COPD or heart disease. Previously published reference equations tended to over- or under-predict estimates of LM compared with the current reference equations. This study provides a comprehensive and validated set of reference equations for estimating and interpreting FFM and LM from DEXA in Canadian adults aged 45–85 years, although additional validation may be required for those >75 years.
A microfluidic platform for the synthesis of polymer and polymer-protein-based protocells
Authors: O’Callaghan Jessica Ann , Kamat Neha P. , Vargo Kevin B. , Chattaraj Rajarshi , Lee Daeyeon , Hammer Daniel A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate the fabrication of polymersomes, protein-blended polymersomes, and polymeric microcapsules using droplet microfluidics. Polymersomes with uniform, single bilayers and controlled diameters are assembled from water-in-oil-in-water double-emulsion droplets. This technique relies on adjusting the interfacial energies of the droplet to completely separate the polymer-stabilized inner core from the oil shell. Protein-blended polymersomes are prepared by dissolving protein in the inner and outer phases of polymer-stabilized droplets. Cell-sized polymeric microcapsules are assembled by size reduction in the inner core through osmosis followed by evaporation of the middle phase. All methods are developed and validated using the same glass-capillary microfluidic apparatus. This integrative approach not only demonstrates the versatility of our setup, but also holds significant promise for standardizing and customizing the production of polymer-based artificial cells.

Graphical Abstract
Innovative Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensor for Selective Nanomolar Detection of the Anti-COVID-19 Medication Molnupiravir
Authors: Sayed Rania A. , Elmasry Manal S. , Taha Asmaa M. , Hassan Wafaa S. , El Nashar Rasha M. 
Published: June 2024

For the first time, a green ecofriendly approach is applied, to develop a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) electrochemical for the assay of the oral anti-viral molnupiravir (MLN) in various matrices as confirmed by referring to analytical eco-scale, green analytical procedure index (GAPI), Raynie and Driver, analytical greenness metric (AGREE), and national environmental index (NEMI). AuNPs were chronoamperometry deposited on the glassy carbon electrode surface (GCE) using 0.01 gm ml−1 gold solution (HAuCl4.3H2O) in 0.5 M H2SO4 at a constant potential of −0.4 V for 60 s. Then, the MIP was created by electropolymerizing OPDA on the surface of AuNPs GCE using cyclic voltammetry in the potential range between −0.5 and +1 V for 15 cycles (scan rate: 50 mV.s−1). To optimize the sensor’s performance, factors such as number of electropolymerization cycles, template: monomer ratio, binding and rebinding time, pH of rebinding buffer, extraction solvent, deposition time of Au nanoparticles, order of deposition on the electrode; surface, as well as differential pulse voltammetry parameters including accumulation potential and time, and potential step, were all investigated. The detection limit was set at 0.00098 ng ml−1 (3 × 10−12M) and the linearity range of MLN was between 0.033 ng ml−1 and 164 ng ml−1 (1 × 10−10–5 × 10−7 M). The MIP sensor was employed for MLN determination in its pharmaceutical product (capsules), spiked human plasma, and human urine samples with mean recovery % ± mean relative standard deviation (RSD) (99.82% ± 0.53), (99.88% ± 0.62), and (97.90% ± 0.70), respectively. The investigated sensor provided good reproducibility, repeatability, and durability. Acceptable selectivity regarding MLN when mixed with structurally comparable compounds was proved with mean recovery % ± mean RSD (97.10% ± 0.03). Additionally, when molnupiravir was exposed to oxidative, hydrolytic, and thermal stress conditions, good results in stability-indicating studies served as an indicator of sensor selectivity. The developed electrode is coupled with a portable potentiostat, making it a promising point-of-care diagnostic platform for on-site measurements.
When Lightning Strikes Twice: Routes to Second Malignancies in Young Patients
Authors: Pacyna Clarissa N. , Nangalia Jyoti 
Published: June 2024

Summary:
Given the rarity of cancer in childhood, it should be even more uncommon for pediatric cancer survivors to develop a second, independent malignancy, yet they incur a greatly elevated risk after initial remission. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Sánchez-Guixé and colleagues unpick the origins of second tumours in four children, and the potential role platinum-based chemotherapy may play in subsequent tumorigenesis.
See related article by Sánchez-Guixé et al., p. 953 (8).
Optimus-Era Dose Finding for Rare Cancers
Authors: Murciano-Goroff Yonina R. , Devlin Sean M. , Iasonos Alexia , Drilon Alexander 
Published: June 2024

Summary:
Advances in cancer biology and diagnostics have led to the recognition of a multitude of rare cancer subtypes, emphasizing the pressing need for strategies to accelerate drug development for patients with these cancers. This paper addresses the unique challenges of dose finding in trials that accrue small numbers of patients with rare cancers; strategies for dose optimization are proposed, in line with evolving approaches to dose determination in the age of the US Food and Drug Administration's Project Optimus.
ІНФЕКЦІЙНІ ХВОРОБИ, ЕПІДЕМІЧНІ РИЗИКИ, ЕПІДЕМІОЛОГІЧНИЙ НАГЛЯД В СУЧАСНИХ УМОВАХ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Маркович І. Г. , Маркович І. Ф. 
Published: June 2024

Епідемічна безпека як складова біологічної безпеки є обов’язковою умовою благополуччя будь-якої держави. Адже інфекційні хвороби, як довела пандемія COVID-19, схильні до швидкого масового поширення серед населення світу, а відтак потребують постійної уваги та контролю задля забезпечення своєчасних й адекватних епідемічній ситуації профілактичних і протиепідемічних заходів.
В Україні впродовж останніх трьох десятиліть спостерігається тренд до зниження інфекційної захворюваності. Крім природних факторів, на особливостях епідемічного процесу позначились такі соціальні та медичні чинники, як зменшення доступності медичної допомоги інфекційним хворим через скорочення числа спеціалізованих закладів/відділень (-38 %), стаціонарів (-28 %), ліжок (-60 %) та фахівців інфекційного профілю (-30-45 %); послаблення епідеміологічного контролю за інфекціями внаслідок реорганізації системи санітарно-епідеміологічного нагляду, скорочення в 15 разів чисельності лікарів епідеміологічного профілю та їх підготовки; запровадження жорстких протиепідемічних заходів під час пандемії COVID-19; міграційні процеси, що призвели до скорочення чисельності населення (за різними оцінками на 16-36 %) та зміни його статево-вікової структури (переважання серед мігрантів жінок, дітей і підлітків); порушення логістики збору й передачі медико-статистичної інформації насамперед у зоні воєнних дій та на тимчасово окупованих територіях.