bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creative Utility, Technology, and Gender
Authors: Gadir Tami 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter argues that DJs face precarious working conditions, which are a greater struggle when combined with gender and other common forms of discrimination. The DJ is viewed as an edgy entrepreneur, enacting the gendered, neoliberal belief that hard work and competition are rewarded with success. While intersectional social justice struggles such as the #MeToo movement have had a positive effect on gender asymmetries in DJ culture, old divisions between high and low culture influence whether DJing is taken seriously as music-making. From such a defensive posture, notions of high versus low also affect DJ culture internally, for example, through DJs’ relationships with music technologies. These follow the widespread forms of gender prejudice applied to technological expertise—predominantly that cis women are less technically capable than cis men. Ultimately, this chapter makes sense of all such gender and neoliberal ideologies in dance music through an understanding of DJing as labor.
Pronouns and Gender
Authors: Kirk-Giannini Cameron Domenico , Glanzberg Michael 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces readers to the empirical questions at issue in debates over gendered pronouns and assesses the plausibility of various possible answers to these questions. It has two parts. The first is a general introduction to the linguistics and psychology of grammatical gender. The second focuses on the meanings of gendered pronouns in English. It begins with a discussion of some of the methodological limitations of empirical approaches to the topic and the normative implications of those limitations. It then argues against three simple theories of the semantics of gendered pronouns in English and proposes an alternative that fares better: the Gender-First View. Finally, it discusses the singular use of ‘they’ and its connection to nonbinary gender identities.
In Praise of Spoken Philosophy
Authors: Saarinen Esa 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter locates the growing lack of relevance for philosophy as an academic discipline and as a contributing force to society at large, as linked to the dismissed status the profession’s dismissal of spoken philosophy and orality as a form of expression. Taking inspiration from Socrates, from Plato’s reservations about written philosophy, and from Merleau-Ponty’s idea of “the total function of the philosopher” and paying close attention to the significance of the often-disregarded questions of style in the conduct of philosophy, the chapter lays out a case for new type of university philosophy and a philosophy at large that aids people in the conduct of their lives. From the point of view of the applied philosophy of language and metaphilosophy defended here, this new approach places a high priority on addressing people as people, in their everyday naivety, contradictions, “animal spirits,” tendencies toward non-openness, as well as their hopes and strivings for something “transcendent” The chapter argues that philosophy, and the use of language in conducting philosophy, should meet humanity head-on as it seeks to renew itself. It explores and argues for philosophy as an enterprise that wants to be relevant to the lives of people as they are actually lived, as opposed to offering mere abstractions. The result is a call for the renewal of spoken philosophy, orality, and special kind of life-philosophical lecturing as a contributing force in the actual lives of people.
The Semantics of Iconography and Code Words
Authors: Kulvicki John 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Philosophers have recently turned their attention to code words and dogwhistles. This chapter claims that some of those practices work exactly as iconographic interpretation works with pictures. Exemplars of it are not the kinds of code words that the recent literature focuses on. This reveals that there are two very different phenomena out there: spinning codes, which are the focus of most recent work, and distracting codes, the focus of this chapter. It can sometimes be hard to decide which kind of code is being employed, but having both in mind can explain more features of coded speech than having either by itself.
Slurring Words and Slurring Articulations
Authors: Stojnić Una , Lepore Ernie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Slurs are epithets that denigrate a group simply on the basis of membership, e.g., on the basis of race, ethnicity, origin, religion, gender, or ideology. They provide powerful linguistic weapons, carrying a characteristic pejorative sting or punch, prone to cause offense, outrage, and even injury. So much so, that they can be subject to media censorship, and sometimes even legislation. As to the nature and source of their characteristic sting, the predominant position is to invoke some aspect of meaning—either semantically encoded or pragmatically conveyed. It is because of what a particular slur term means or conveys that it is suitable to be thus weaponized. Consequently, most efforts at understanding pejorative language have been attempts to characterize the meanings and how these meanings compose with the meanings of other sorts of expressions. The few who reject this assumption locate the source of offense in the taboo status of pejorative language. In other words, the slurs themselves and/or their associations are the source of their offensive sting, not their meanings. The chapter challenges both sorts of approaches and defends a novel alternative according to which the source of a pejorative effect is negative associations triggered, not by slurs, but rather, by certain articulations of these expressions—phonological or orthographic. We need to distinguish slurs from their articulations because, surprisingly, the latter can trigger an effect even when the former is not tokened, and even when articulated, a slur can lose its offensive potency if its articulation is standard, or so we will argue.
The Sabbath
Authors: Tonstad Sigve 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Seventh-day Adventist understanding of the Sabbath underwent refinement and enrichment in the twentieth century as Adventist scholars were able to study at top research universities. With this came a new appreciation for Jewish Sabbath theology and practice and scholarly work demonstrating the resilience of the seventh-day Sabbath in the New Testament. “The New Perspective on Paul” muted the stigma of “legalism” that was previously a common objection to Sabbath observance in Protestant theology. Coinciding with the surging “consumer society,” the first decades of the twenty-first century would witness a near tsunami of Sabbath-affirming books. The Seventh-day Adventist contribution to the resurgent interest in the Sabbath is noteworthy for emphasizing the Sabbath as a divine commitment and not only a divine commandment. Other emphases include the Sabbath and human community, healing, liberation, social justice, ecology, and even Sabbath economics.
Creation
Authors: Standish Timothy G. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Seventh-day Adventist Church’s belief in a recent, literal, week-long creation is rooted in a specific understanding of the Bible and anchored in multiple doctrines elucidated in the Seventh-day Adventist Statement of 28 Fundamental Beliefs. This belief was not inherited directly from the preceding Millerite movement or other denominations at the time of the church’s inception, although similar views were widespread among other Christians. The creation doctrine is a continuing source of theological and scientific discussion within the church and in dialogue with those of other faiths. While tension between the doctrine of creation and current science is acknowledged, and various options for resolving the tension explored, the doctrine remains essentially unchanged since the church’s beliefs were first formalized.
Youth and Family Ministry
Authors: Bockmann Melanie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Seventh-day Adventism’s primary focus is to preach the gospel in preparation for the Second Coming of Jesus, and Adventists believe successful evangelistic efforts begin at home, with strong marriages and families whose example and positive influence strengthen the church and its witness. In line with their missional program, Adventists are dedicated to training a new generation of faithful Adventists by developing the spiritual aptitude and mission focus of its youth through various programs and resources. Given the challenges of cultural diversity within its global reach, as well as societal fluctuations during its 150-year history, the Adventist church has sought to adapt its methods while maintaining the core integrity of its traditional teachings. This article highlights the central purposes, approaches, and means of Adventist family and youth ministries, as well as their historical development, placement in broader society, and particular areas of focus and concern for the Adventist church in its worldwide context.
Adventists in Asia and Global Themes
Authors: Chow Christie Chui-Shan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Asia displays regionally differentiated patterns of the transmission and reception of Seventh-day Adventism, defined by the very question of church-state relationships, and in the broader context of war and revolution, colonialization and decolonization, migration and urbanization. The diverse Asian expressions of Adventism took root in response not only to American missionary initiatives during the twentieth century but also to decades of indigenous efforts to deepen the Adventist faith in the face of adversity, persecution, and secularization. The synergy between global religious resources and local conditions highlights the indigenization of Adventist ecclesial and theological currents, and the enduring patterns of mission-church collaboration in different temporal and spatial settings. From the late twentieth century onward, Adventism has embedded itself into the Asian religious landscape, and some of its adherents have followed migration routes to build diaspora churches in the Global North.
Adventists and Racial Equality
Authors: Baker Benjamin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter surveys the race challenges of Seventh-day Adventists by exploring how white and Black members of the church have related to each other in three key sites: the United States, South Africa, and England. What emerges is a church that has always prided itself on being “not of this world,” yet in the most quintessential of Christian principles—treating all people justly despite color—has in fact reflected the racism of its host nations and often even fallen behind them in racial progress. In response, the church has been consistently confronted by members within its communion who have stood up against its racism and demanded that Adventists live up to their professed Christian ideals, making for a long struggle between supporters of a status quo of racial prejudice and those trying to change it. Despite making considerable gains, racial harmony remains elusive for Seventh-day Adventists.
Women in Adventism
Authors: Olson Campbell Heidi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Seventh-day Adventist Church was founded by a woman, Ellen White, who preached and held ordained ministerial credentials. In the decades since White’s death, women have also held ministerial and leadership positions within the denomination. Yet the denomination to date, despite heated debates, has not voted to officially ordain women. Disagreements about gender roles in the denomination have coalesced around whether to ordain women. This chapter explores why a denomination founded by a woman has had so many debates about women’s roles, with a special emphasis on gender debates in the early twentieth century. It closes by delving into the impact of the denomination’s increasing globalization on gender views and how missions have provided women both opportunities for greater leadership within the denomination and, conversely, limitations.
Adventists and Ethics
Authors: Plantak Zdravko 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Coming from a variety of Christian faiths, early Adventists held similar ethical views opposing slavery, promoting soft pacifism, and defending women in ministry. Common-sense reasoning and Wesleyan Quadrilateral influenced church leaders to a broader ethical decision-making through reflective equilibrium. Adventists were ardent abolitionists, and they stood against racial discrimination. Sanctity of life mattered to Adventists, and this influenced their decisions to create one of the largest Protestant healthcare systems in the world to improve lives of millions. Adventist ethics has had a checkered history, at times speaking up and taking action. At other times, however, Adventists have done very little, stayed silent, or even acted unethically due to pragmatic or self-preservation reasons. For greater consistency, Adventists need to base their ethical influence on solid moral reflections emerging from common-sense experience and reason, identifying with Jesus, who called his disciples to radical and peculiar morality driven by divine-like agape love.
Jewish Law and Orthodox Law
Authors: Ferziger Adam S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
One of the foundational distinctions of the past three centuries in Jewish history from its predecessors is the changing role of Jewish law. Jewish law long served primarily as a dividing line between Jews and Gentiles—or those gravitating toward apostasy. In contrast, the queries in this chapter demonstrate a clear, self-conscious emphasis by the authors on disparities between their core Jewish constituencies—the Orthodox, as opposed to non-Orthodox or nonobservant Jews. Attention to such divergences is not simply a cosmetic or technical matter. When evidenced broadly, it reflects a more fundamental characteristic of the transition from pre-modern Jewish law to an adjusted novel articulation. A system that celebrated divisions between Jews and non-Jews shifted to one that did not abandon prior principles regarding non-Jews—although many authorities sought to neutralize them—but brought to the fore that which differentiated between Orthodox Jews and their Jewish counterparts.
Korean Buddhism in America
Authors: Schippert Claudia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
An introductory vignette illustrates the simultaneous existence of two forms of Korean Buddhism in North America: those practiced by Koreans in the United States or Canada, and those practiced by communities of largely non-Korean and mostly white practitioners who trace origins of their practice to a Korean lineage. The chapter first differentiates the two groups in terms of language familiarity, linguistic usage, and cultural identity. Then, Korean heritage communities are contextualized historically and by describing the function of one temple. The next section introduces as “translation into English” the major North American convert communities founded by Korean teachers. Finally, three relevant themes in explorations of Korean Buddhism in America are suggested: the legacy of Jinul’s inclusive style in formation and transmission of Korean Buddhism; Korean Buddhists’ double minority status in North America; and the complex legacy of resistance to Japanese colonial rule in changing geopolitical transnational contexts.
Ritual, Rituals, and Ritualizing in American Buddhism
Authors: Payne Richard K. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Popular religious discourse in America both valorizes meditation as good and ritual as bad, and dichotomizes the two as distinct and separate. Historically rooted in the conflicts of the Reformation, these paired oppositions perpetuate a Cartesian-style dualism of mind and body, a privileging of thought over action, and an implicit appeal to human exceptionalism. Instead of paired oppositions, understanding ritual practice in terms of three levels of analysis is introduced in this chapter. The three are the concrete level of lived performance, a first level of abstraction as some specific ritual, and a second-order abstraction as the general category “ritual.” The distinction between ritual and meditation at the second order of abstraction enables us to understand the distinction as one of different perspectives on lived activity—either a perspective that focuses on the body or a perspective that focuses on the mind. Lived activity itself, however, is integral, and therefore there are meditative dimensions of ritual, and ritualized dimensions of meditation.
Mindfulness and Meditation in the United States
Authors: Gajaweera Nalika 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter investigates the historical shifts, culturally contingent forces, and power-laden dynamics that have enabled the emergence of mindfulness as a therapeutic modality in the context of North America. Engaging with an interdisciplinary body of scholarship, including historical textual literature and ethnography, the chapter traces the multiple historical confluences and culturally contingent forces that have shaped the emergence of meditation from its historical conditions in Asia to its contemporary application in both covert Buddhist communities and secular settings. As much as current formulations of mindfulness have uncoupled Buddhist meditation practices from their role in traditional Buddhist authority and soteriological power, equally important are the nuanced new meanings, significances, and forms of power relations that play a role in its ongoing formation. The chapter thus explores the contemporary mindfulness phenomenon as entangled in and co-constituted by broader systems of modern power, including colonialism, neoliberalism, and whiteness.
Food in American Buddhism
Authors: Curley Melissa Anne-Marie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines dynamics of boundary crossing and boundary control within the American Buddhist foodway. It first considers American Buddhist interpretations of alms donation and the use of temple grounds as a space for commensality. Moving into the domestic sphere, the chapter explores two varieties of American cookbooks, surveying the kinds of Buddhist subjectivities each seeks to cultivate. Next, it takes up mindful eating as a strategy for eating less while enjoying one’s food more, assessing mindful eating in light of broader critiques of mindfulness practices. Finally, it reviews some American Buddhist efforts to use food production and distribution as an avenue for developing more compassionate relationships with other beings. Across these broad topics, the chapter seeks to demonstrate how the American Buddhist foodway works both to define and delimit identities and to increase and expand cultural—and thus social and political—capacity.
American Buddhism and Visual Culture
Authors: Kyan Winston C. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the diversity of American Buddhism through the wide lens of visual culture, which takes all images as social facts. Accordingly, it situates a broad understanding of American Buddhist visual culture in a chronology of key moments in the practice and reception of American Buddhism. The result is a restitutive overview that brings the Buddhist temples and altars of Chinese and Japanese immigrants into the spotlight given to European American Buddhist converts, juxtaposes the Buddhism-inspired contemporary art practices of women and Blacks with the compositions of the New York avant-garde, and positions mass media representations of Buddhist monks on TV and in cartoons alongside conceptual film and video installations.
Zen Buddhism in America
Authors: Van Overmeire Ben 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The focus of scholarship on Zen in America has been white communities affiliated with Japanese teachers who practice meditation to the expense of other ritual practices. This has led to a narrow vision of what constitutes “Zen in America.” The current chapter aims to give an overview of existing lines of scholarship, as well as indicate what future directions are promising. In doing so, it focuses on literary production. After a brief literature review, the chapter sketches the function of Zen literature in China and Japan. Then, it shows how Zen Buddhist apologists such as Daisetz Suzuki translated these ideas for an American audience. Then, it discusses two prominent Zen teachers in America, and the effects of the sex scandals on American Zen practice and scholarship. After noting gendered and racialized perspectives, the chapter ends with a reflection on the global influence of American Zen.
More than a Feeling
Authors: Vonk Jennifer , Torgerson-White Lauri , Edge Jared , Benton Bridget 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter reviews the available methods for assessing components of emotion, with emphasis on positive and negative emotional experiences in nonhuman animals (NHAs). The authors consider the ability of NHAs to receive and interpret signals of emotion from conspecifics and allospecifics and address the possible impacts of domestication in addition to natural selection pressures on the expression of emotion. The authors find little evidence for the hypothesis that group-living species exhibit greater emotional complexity compared to non-group-living species. They discuss challenges while emphasizing the importance of developing more objective methods for assessing emotional experiences in NHAs. They conclude that emotion is still poorly understood in NHAs. Improving this understanding will be critical for informing acceptable welfare standards and practices for captive and domestic species.
Defect or Design Feature?
Authors: Ketelaar Timothy 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes motivated reasoning from an evolutionary perspective. A central premise is that when two individuals arrive at strikingly different interpretations of the same evidence, these different perceptions might not reflect a mere difference of opinions but may instead represent the operation of fundamentally different worldviews. Kant’s transcendental psychology offers a philosophical framework for understanding how two individuals—or even the same person in different contexts—will often perceive the same physical reality in markedly different ways. Finally, the chapter draws upon evolutionary insights regarding cognitive bias to review the literature on emotion and motivated reasoning. Equipped with these evolutionary and philosophical insights, this chapter shows how the “Affect-as-Information” model from social cognition can illuminate how many instances of cognitive bias, such as motivated reasoning, may be more accurately interpreted, not as “bugs” in our “mental software,” but as possible “design features” of the human mind.
Benefits of Community Singing for Cancer Patients, Survivors, and Caregivers
Authors: Clements-Cortés Amy , Yip Joyce 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Humans have harnessed the power of singing, chanting, or intoning throughout documented history and cultures have universally elevated wise teachers and powerful healers. Community singing remains a powerful tool for accomplishing specific ends, especially in the hands of those with the specialized training in leading others toward those ends. The chapters gathered here exemplify various ways that group singing can improve well-being; specifically, it can improve quality of life, social isolation, group bonding, and assertions of identity. Perhaps most invigorating about these reports is that goals are reached more effectively when community singing hinges upon collaborative engagement.