bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concerns and Challenges of Living Donors When Making Decisions on Organ Donation
Authors: Bahador Raziyeh Sadat , Farokhzadian Jamileh , Mangolian Parvin , Nouhi Esmat 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Mental concerns of living donors can be a solid barrier to logical and informed decision-making for organ donation. The present study explores living donors' mental concerns and problems during the process of decision-making for organ donation.

Materials and Methods:
present study was performed using qualitative content analysis. Twenty-one participants were selected by purposive sampling. The data were collected and recorded through semistructured interviews and analyzed by MAX Qualitative Data Analysis software 12, based on Graneheim and Lundman's contractual content analysis method.

Results:
Data analysis extracted 425 codes, 13 subcategories, 3 main categories, and 1 core theme (conflict between doubt and certainty). The three main categories were individual barriers and concerns (faced by the donor), interpersonal concerns and barriers (experienced by the family), and socio-organizational concerns and barriers (at the community).

Conclusions:
Based on the results, donors have significant concerns and face major problems when deciding on organ donation. Therefore, health-care professionals should take into account organ donors' concerns, raise awareness of donor associations, and formulate policies to increase living donors' satisfaction.
Patient Commitment to Cardiac Rehabilitation
Authors: Sanaie Neda , Darvishpoor-Kakhki Ali , Ahmadi Fazlollah 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Commitment to Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) is one of the essential strategies to reduce the long-term complications of cardiovascular disease. The attributes of patients' commitment have not been defined distinctly. Thus, the present study aimed to describe the attributes of commitment to CR from the participants' perspective.

Materials and Methods:
This qualitative study was carried out in Tehran from 2018 to 2019. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with 30 participants, including 13 CR specialists, 13 patients, and four caregivers, through purposeful sampling. The analysis was performed through the conventional content analysis using the Elo and Kyngäs approach.

Results:
Commitment to CR has one theme titled the attitudinal-motivational aspect that consists of four categories including attitudinal-cognitive, attitudinal-behavioral, attitudinal-emotional, and motivational as the core features. The commitment to CR is devotion, internal desire, and voluntary obligation to initiate and continue CR cooperatively, all of which are accompanied by the purposeful initiation of the treatment plan.

Conclusions:
The patient's commitment to CR is an intrinsic interest in achieving health that stems from the acceptance of the disease and the need for treatment. Besides, the rehabilitation team facilitates purposeful interpersonal relationships between the patient and the treatment group. It provides the basis for the patient's active efforts to meet the challenges of the treatment process.
Validation of the Persian Version of Health Professionals Communication Skills Scale
Authors: Nia Hamid Sharif , Salimi Seyedeh-Sakineh , Charati Fahimeh Ghasemi , Azimi-Lolaty Hamideh , Shafipour Vida 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The need for assessing health-care workers' communication skills is increasingly emphasized by researchers. Achieving such a goal requires the use of a reliable tool. The purpose of this study was to validate the Persian version of Health Professionals Communication Skills Scale (HP-CSS).

Materials and Methods:
For the present methodological study carried out from September 2016 to February 2017, 400 health workers were selected by convenience sampling from educational hospitals in Mazandaran province in Iran and they were asked to fill out the 18-item HP-CSS. All steps of the scale validity were performed. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used. The reliability of the tool was measured by internal consistency.

Results:
Two factors of care and verbal clarity with patients and respect for patients' rights, extracted by exploratory factor analysis, explained 47.38% of the variance. Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) of all items were higher than 0.79 and 0.49, respectively. Reliability coefficients of factors were found to be more than 0.70. Model's fitness indicators confirmed the construct of HP-CSS. Both factors had a convergent and divergent validity.

Conclusions:
This study showed that the Persian version of the communication skills scale has a two-dimensional construct and good psychometric properties; also, this scale was found to be useful for the purpose and context in which it will be used, that is, communication skills.
Mental Health of Iranian Pregnant Women During Pandemic of COVID-19
Authors: Toghyani Mojtaba , Toghyani Ali 
Published: May 2024

Background:
An evaluation of Iranian pregnant women's mental health during the COVID-19 outbreak is an ignored issue. The current study aimed to investigate the mental health of Iranian pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
Literature searching was conducted, and studies were published from 01 March 2020 to 30 June 2022 on PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, SID, and Magiran screened for the relevant articles.

Results:
There was a total of 10 studies included in this systematic review. In the present study, the prevalence of moderate to the high level of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms was 40%, 19 to 74%, and 70%, respectively. There were some protective factors such as physical activity, social support, using progressive relaxation, and husbands' involvement in caring behaviours of their pregnant wives that can enhance the mental health of Iranian pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusions:
Regarding the high prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among Iranian pregnant women during the current pandemic, the mental health status of pregnant women should be regularly evaluated and essential educational and interventional programs should be provided for this population.
Comparing the effect of two methods of using ear protective device on pain intensity in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Bastani Fatemeh , Kheirollahi Narges 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Severe pain is the most prevalent complication after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG). The aim of this study is to compare the impact of two methods using ear protective devices on pain intensity in patients undergoing CABG.

Materials and Methods:
The present randomized clinical trial was conducted between October 2019 and February 2020. The participants included 84 patients undergoing CABG, who were randomly divided into two intervention groups (A, B) and a control group. On the first night after the heart surgery, ear protective devices were used for the patients in group A during the evening and night sleep, while they were used in group B only during the night sleep. A demographic questionnaire and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were the data collection tools used in this study. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test, paired t-test, and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software.

Results:
Before the intervention, the mean (SD) of pain intensity in the two intervention groups (A, B) and the control group was 6.46 (1.71), 6.32 (1.36), and 6.54 (1.45), respectively, and there was no significant difference between the groups (F2,81 = 0.14; p = 0.86). However, after the intervention, the mean (SD) of pain intensity in the two intervention groups (A, B) and the control group was 3.39 (1.87), 4.46 (1.55), and 6.39 (1.54), respectively, which showed a significant difference (F2,81 = 23.37; p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
The use of ear protective device is recommended as a non-invasive and accessible way of reducing pain intensity in patients after CABG.
Comparison of Maternal-Infant Attachment in Cesarean Delivery Based on Robson Classification
Authors: Rookesh Zohreh , Kaviani Maasumeh , Zarshenas Mahnaz , Akbarzadeh Marzieh 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The Robson criteria allows for standardized comparisons of data and possible driving changes in Cesarean Section (C/S) rates and complications. The aimed to compare maternal-infant attachment in C/S based on Robson Classification.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional prospective study was conducted on 369 women who had undergone C/S in Hazrate Zeinab Peace Be Upon Him (PBUH), Hafez, and Shooshtari hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran from April 2018 to March 2019. The study data were collected using a demographic form, an obstetric form, and Avant Checklist (AC) at postpartum and pre-discharge stages. Each participant was placed in Robson classification and the attachment score was calculated in each Robson Classification, and a comparison was made among the 10 groups. The data were analyzed into the SPSS 16 software and using descriptive statistics and paired t test.

Results:
The total mean (SD) score of attachment was 38.73 (18.65) at 1–7 h postpartum and 90.52 (23.79) at pre-discharge. The highest total mean (SD) score of attachment was observed in group 6 (86.78 (8.70) at postpartum and 118.67 (4.47) at pre-discharge). The lowest total mean (SD) score of attachment was observed in group 10 (12.79 (2.37) at 1–7 h postpartum and 45.44 (7.99) at pre-discharge).

Conclusions:
Obstetric characteristics in Robson Classification, parity, previous C/S, gestational age, onset of labor, fetal presentation, and number of fetuses were effective in clarifying information. The use of this system is necessary to determine the causes of increased C/S cases in low-income and middle-income countries.
The Status of Geriatric In-Hospital Nursing Care from the Perspective of Nurses Working in the Emergency Department of Hospitals in the Northwest of Iran in 2020
Authors: Sadraei Indira Modarres , Dadkhah Behrouz , Mozaffari Naser , Ali Mohammadi Mohammad 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The evaluation of geriatric care in the emergency departments is necessary to improve the quality of care. This study aimed to determine the status of geriatric nursing care from the perspective of nurses working in the emergency department of hospitals.

Materials and Methods:
This study was a cross-sectional research study. Through census sampling, 252 nurses working in the emergency departments of hospitals of Ardabil Province were selected. The status of elderly care was assessed using the Geriatric In-Hospital Nursing Care Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using independent and one-sample t-tests and analysis of variance.

Results:
The mean (GerINCQ) score of the participants [mean (SD): 237.30 (75.30)] was significantly higher than the criterion score (201) (p = 0.001). The scores of the sub-scales of perception of elderly care [mean (SD): 45.42 (7.53)], aging-sensitive care delivery [mean (SD): 41.55 (10.25)], professional responsibility [mean (SD): 39.62 (9.86)], and attitude toward caring for elderly [mean (SD): 56.14 (12.53)] were significantly higher than the standard score (p = 0.001). However, the score of performed intervention [mean (SD): 38.36 (8.42)] was significantly (p = 0.02) lower than the criterion score (39). The score of professional responsibility and attitude toward elderly care was higher in women than men, and this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:
The results showed that aging-coordinated care delivery, professional responsibility, and attitudes and perceptions of nurses toward elderly care were satisfactory, but performed intervention was unfavorable. According to the results of this study, nursing service managers can improve the quality of elderly nursing care through appropriate policies, fixing the workforce shortage, and closely monitoring elderly care in the emergency departments.
The Effect of Body Relaxation Techniques on Pre-Eclampsia Syndrome
Authors: Valiani Mahboubeh , Bahadoran Parvin , Azizi Mohammadreza , Naseh Zahra 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Hypertension in the second trimester of pregnancy is accompanied by proteinuria that is called Preeclampsia Syndrome (PES). Body relaxation is a technique which makes harmony between mind and body. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Body Relaxation Technique (BRT) on some symptoms of Preeclampsia Syndrome (PES).

Materials and Methods:
This clinical trial was conducted on 96 high-risk pregnant women who were selected by random sampling method from among women referring to community health centers of Isfahan city. The samples were divided into intervention and control groups by even and odd numbers. The intervention group members received BRT during 16 sessions. Blood pressure and proteinuria were measured and recorded before and after the intervention in both groups at the beginning and in the 36th week of pregnancy. The collected data were analyzed.

Result:
According to the Chi-square test, the frequency of PES was 11.10% and 23.50% in the intervention and control groups, respectively (χ2 = 3.95, df = 1, p = 0.046). After the intervention, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the diastolic blood pressure and proteinuria. Systolic blood pressure and stress were also significantly reduced in the intervention group. However, proteinuria was not significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusions:
Based on the results, the relaxation technique, as an easy technique, is recommended for pregnant women who are susceptible to pregnancy hypertension and preeclampsia. Moreover, as a clinical complementary method, it can be recommended for preventing the symptoms of PES.
Missed Nursing Care, the Related Organizational Factors, and Strategies for Decreasing it from the Viewpoints of Nurses in University-Affiliated Hospitals of Birjand in 2019-2020
Authors: Ghorbani Seyed Hasan , Ahmadi Chenari Hadi , Yazdanparast Elnaz , Javanmard Zohreh , Davoudi Malihe 
Published: May 2024

Background:
For many reasons, some care services may be missed. This study was conducted to investigate missed care, the related factors, and solution for decreasing them.

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed on 122 nurses. A multi-part tool was used to gather information, which included demographic information, the Missing Nursing Care and Related Organizational Factors, and Missed Nursing Care Reduction Strategies Questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistical tests including ANOVA, independent t-test, and the Pearson correlation were used.

Results:
The mean score (SD) of the Missing Nursing Care Questionnaire was 82.04 (8.50); thus, the amount of missed nursing care is very high. Additionally, the mean score (SD) of the Organizational Factors Questionnaire related to it was 30.98 (9.35). Considering the maximum score of the questionnaire (80), the role of organizational factors in the incidence of missing nursing care is relatively moderate. There was also a weak and inverse correlation between organizational factors and missed nursing care (r = −0.30, p < 0.01, df = 120). Based on the results, increasing the number of nurses and their level of knowledge has the greatest 67.21 (%) and least 34.42 (%) impact on reducing the incidence of missed nursing care.

Conclusions:
According to the results, the prevalence of missed nursing care was high. However, the contribution of organizational factors to it is relatively little. This suggests that from the perspective of nurses, factors other than organizational factors related to the workplace can lead to missing care.
A Critical Ethnographic Study of Families of Brain-Dead Patients: Their Experiences and Attitudes to Organ Donation
Authors: Lalegani Hedayat Allah , Babaei Sima , Alimohammadi Nasrollah , Yazdannik Ahmadreza , Sanei Behnam , Ramezannezhad Pantea 
Published: May 2024

Background:Despite the difficulty of making decisions providing facilitating mediators and removing barriers to making decisions about choosing the right path to donate the organs of brain-dead patients by families can assist in improving the services and help the lives of fellow human beings. This study aimed to explain the decision-making mediator for organ donation in families with brain-dead patients in a cultural context.Materials and Methods:This qualitative study with a critical ethnographic approach was conducted based on Carspecken’s stages from August 2021 to March 2022. In this regard, 22 participants were selected through the purposive sampling method and considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sampling was continued until data saturation. After obtaining the required ethical approval, data collection was performed through observation, semi-structured interviews, and document review. All data were recorded and managed using MAXQDA 18 software.Results:Based on the results, the main themes and subthemes of this study included “inefficient decision-making mediator” (the shadow of the socioeconomic situation on the medical status of organ recipients, as well as pessimistic influential individuals, social accountability, dialect difference, and ethnic beliefs) and “efficient decision-making mediator” (social learning, material, and spiritual motivation, mother role, and divine reward).Conclusions:The results of this study, derived from a cultural context, can be applied to carrying out future applied and empirical research. Moreover, they can be used in the field of various nursing roles, especially management, care, and education.
Theory-Practice Gap
Authors: Abdullahi Kabir Ozigi , Ghiyasvandian Shahrzad , Hasanpour Marzieh 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The theory-practice gap can be described as a lack of ability to relate the knowledge acquired in academics and research work with practice. This study aims to assess the knowledge and the perception of Nigerian nurses on the theory-practice gap in Nursing.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional correlational study was carried out with a sample of 196 nurses who were working in the Federal Medical Centre Keffi and Aminu Kano Teaching hospital in Kano, all from the northern part of Nigeria, from April to June 2019. The participants were selected using a convenient sampling technique, where a self-administered questionnaire was utilized to collect the data and analysis was undertaken using SPSS.

Results:
The results of this study showed that 83.80% of respondents had good knowledge and 89.10% of the respondents had good perceptions. The levels of knowledge were significantly different in correlation with the educational level of respondents (χ2 = 13.88, df = 6, p = 0.022), which was determined using a Fischer exact test. Also, the level of perception was significantly different when considering the nature of work participants undertook (X2 = 7.65, df = 2, p = 0.022).

Conclusions:
Given the participants' awareness and perceptions in this study, it is clear that they are well informed of the theory-practice gap. This is a call for all professionals at an individual and organizational level to work, as it will translate into gap minimization, thereby increasing the quality of health care delivery as nurses constitute the largest part of the health care team in Nigeria.
Adherence Barriers to Treatment of Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Kalantarzadeh Mozhgan , Yousefi Hojatollah , Alavi Mousa , Maghsoudi Jahangir 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Adherence to treatment is highly important in the management of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD). Barriers to effective and long-term adherence to treatment by the patient make achieving care and treatment goals challenging. The aim of this study was to identify the adherence barriers to the treatment plan in patients with CVD.

Materials and Methods:
A qualitative content analysis study was conducted to explore the experience of patients, family caregivers, and healthcare professionals (n = 35) using qualitative content analysis. The study was carried out between 2019 and 2020 in Isfahan, Iran. Purposive sampling was performed. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews and semi-structured until data saturation. Graneheim and Landman content analysis was performed simultaneously with data collection.

Results:
After data analysis, 3 themes and 6 categories were identified and named. Themes (and categories) include “Patients unreadiness to change” (misunderstanding of conditions and consequences and deterrence cultural practices and beliefs); “gap in healthcare services” (lack of adequate support for patients and discordance between healthcare professionals); and “limited access to healthcare services” (limited physical access and financial burden).

Conclusions:
The findings of the present study can provide a framework for healthcare professionals to employ preventive strategies, reduce disease complications, decrease unhealthy behaviours, and increase prolonged adherence to treatment recommendations in patients with CVD.
Lived Experiences of Nurses in the Care of Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Moghaddam-Tabrizi Fatemah , Sodeify Roghieh 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Nurses are at the forefront of caring for patients with COVID-19 and face a life-threatening risk to perform their duties. The complexity of disease conditions such as emerging disease may interfere with good nursing care and holistic care. The aim of this study is to reveal the lived experiences of nurses in the care of patients with COVID-19.

Materials and Methods:
This qualitative study was conducted in Khoy, Iran from March 2020 to May 2020. Fourteen nurses underwent in-depth semi-structured interviews at COVID-19 Central Hospital. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed. Diekelmann's hermeneutic phenomenological approach was used to analyze and interpret the data. MAXQDA software version 2007 was used to manage and organize the data.

Results:
After extensive analysis and reflection, four main themes emerged, including staying in an ethical dilemma, emotional turmoil, response to professional commitments, and seeking help.

Conclusions:
The results of this study provided basic information about the lived experiences of nurses in different dimensions. Nursing managers need to be aware of these needs and expectations and provide a variety of programs and strategies not only to support nurses but also to ensure the quality of patient care.
We have Neglected “Ourselves”; A Qualitative Study on Iranian Parents of Children with Aphakia
Authors: Alipour Fatemeh , Kooshki Abdolreza Mohammadi , Norouzi Elahe , Madani Hila , Shahvari Zahra 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Contact lenses play a substantial role in the management of childhood aphakia. However, the use and care of the lenses can be challenging. Despite its prevalence, the phenomenon of living with children with aphakia is not explained in Iran yet. The aim of this study was to illuminate the lived experience of the parents of children with aphakia.

Materials and Methods:
This hermeneutic phenomenological study was conducted on the parents who have been referred to Farabi Eye Hospital of Tehran, Iran in 2019, whose children were diagnosed with aphakia, and the condition was corrected with contact lenses. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 parents of children with congenital cataract. Analysis was based on the framework of Diekelmann enabled data interpretation and elaboration of shared themes.

Results:
The 20 parents involved in the study consisted of 12 women and 8 men. The participant’s experiences were classified in 4 categories: Self-Ignorance, Troubled mind, Self-Regulation, and Coping with the problem while hoping for the future.

Conclusions:
“Self-Ignorance” and “Troubled Mind” indicates that because of the risk of burnout in the long-term process of treatment, the psychological support of parents is necessary. Psychological support will continue until the parents acquire the ability of self-regulation. Giving a realistic hope to families is a core element in psychological support.