bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combination of FVIII and by‐passing agent potentiates in vitro thrombin production in haemophilia A inhibitor plasma
Authors: Klintman Jenny , Astermark Jan , Berntorp Erik 
Published: October 2010

SummaryThe by‐passing agents, recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) and activated prothrombin complex concentrate (APCC), are important tools in the treatment of patients with haemophilia A and high‐responding inhibitory antibodies. It has been observed clinically that in some patients undergoing immune tolerance induction the bleeding frequency decreases, hypothetically caused by a transient haemostatic effect of infused FVIII not measurable ex vivo. We evaluated how by‐passing agents and factor VIII (FVIII) affect thrombin generation (TG) in vitro using plasma from 11 patients with severe haemophilia A and high titre inhibitors. Samples were spiked with combinations of APCC, rFVIIa and five different FVIII products. Combination of APCC and FVIII showed a synergistic effect in eliciting TG (P < 0·005) for four FVIII products. When rFVIIa and FVIII were combined the interaction between the preparations was found to be additive. APCC and rFVIIa were then combined without FVIII, resulting in an additive effect on thrombin production. Each product separately increased TG above baseline. In conclusion, the amount of thrombin formed in vitro by adding a by‐passing agent, was higher in the presence of FVIII. Our findings support the use of FVIII in by‐passing therapy to optimize the haemostatic effect.
Sutureless total thyroidectomy: a safe and cost‐effective alternative
Authors: Chang Ling‐Yun , O'Neill Christine , Suliburk James , Sidhu Stan , Delbridge Leigh , Sywak Mark 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground:  Advanced vessel sealing devices provide an alternative to conventional ligation techniques for thyroidectomy. To date, most studies have been inadequately powered to explore differences in the infrequent post‐operative complications following thyroidectomy. This study is designed to compare the outcomes of sutureless thyroidectomy and conventional thyroidectomy for recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury, permanent hypoparathyroidism, and haematoma formation.Methods:  A cohort study of consecutive patients undergoing total thyroidectomy using conventional versus sutureless techniques was performed. Sutureless thyroidectomy was performed using either Ligasure Precise (Covidien) or Harmonic Focus (Johnson and Johnson) devices. The primary outcome measures were post‐operative haemorrhage, permanent RLN injury and hypoparathyroidism. Secondary outcome measures were operative time, temporary hypoparathyroidism and vocal cord dysfunction. A cost minimization analysis comparing the two techniques was performed.Result:  From January 2006 to July 2009, 1935 consecutive patients underwent total thyroidectomy. Of these, 772 underwent conventional thyroidectomy and 1163 were performed using a sutureless technique. The mean operative time was significantly lower in the sutureless group (71 versus 86 min, P= 0.02). There was no difference in the post‐operative complications of haematoma (0.78% conventional versus 1.12% sutureless, P= 0.46), permanent hypoparathyroidism (1.30% conventional versus 0.52% sutureless, P= 0.06) or permanent RLN injury (0.26% conventional versus 0.52% sutureless, P= 0.39). There was an overall cost saving of AUD$14 300 per 100 total thyroidectomy cases performed using the sutureless technique.Conclusions:  Sutureless thyroidectomy is a safe and efficient way of performing total thyroidectomy and has the potential to reduce operating room costs.
Autologous chondrocyte implantation: an overview of technique and outcomes
Authors: Batty Lachlan , Dance Samuel , Bajaj Sarvottam , Cole Brian J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractArticular cartilage is susceptible to damage; however, it has limited capacity for repair. Damage can lead to persistent symptoms including pain, swelling, and loss of function and may ultimately progress to symptomatic degeneration of the joint. To restore function and minimize symptoms, many advocate surgical intervention in selected candidates, which can range from arthroscopic debridement to restorative procedures depending on patient and lesion characteristics. Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI) is a two‐stage, typically second‐line intervention where cultured autologous chondrocytes are used with the aim of resurfacing symptomatic chondral defects with hyaline or hyaline‐like cartilage. Careful patient selection is important. We present an overview of this procedure including indications and contraindications, surgical technique, and post‐operative management. A review of published ACI outcomes is then presented.
Leadership in Organizational Knowledge Creation: A Review and Framework
Authors: von Krogh Georg , Nonaka Ikujiro , Rechsteiner Lise 
Published: October 2010

abstractOrganizational knowledge creation integrates context, knowledge assets, and knowledge creation processes throughout the organization. Using organizational knowledge creation theory as an organizing framework, we conduct a literature review that shows prior work has focused on the role of central, upper‐echelon, leadership in knowledge creation processes, without devoting much attention to context and knowledge assets. To remedy these weaknesses, we develop a new framework for situational leadership in organizational knowledge creation. The framework is based on a continuum that ranges from centralized to distributed leadership at three layers of activity: a core layer of local knowledge creation; a conditional layer that provides the resources and context for knowledge creation; and a structural layer that forms the overall frame and direction for knowledge creation in the organization. We discuss the implications of this framework for theory and practice.
Role of astrocytic leptin receptor subtypes on leptin permeation across hCMEC/D3 human brain endothelial cells
Authors: Hsuchou Hung , Kastin Abba J. , Tu Hong , Joan Abbott N. , Couraud Pierre‐Olivier , Pan Weihong 
Published: October 2010

J. Neurochem.(2010)115, 1288–1298.AbstractAstrocytic leptin receptors (ObR) can be up‐regulated in conditions such as adult‐onset obesity. To determine whether the levels and subtypes of astrocytic ObR modulate leptin transport, we co‐cultured hCMEC/D3 human brain endothelial cells and C6 astrocytoma cells in the Transwell system, and tested leptin permeation from apical to basolateral chambers. In comparison with hCMEC alone, co‐culture of C6 cells reduced the permeability of paracellular markers and leptin. Unexpectedly, ObRb over‐expression in C6 cells increased leptin permeation whereas ObRa over‐expression showed no effect when compared with the control group of pcDNA‐transfected C6 cells. By contrast, the paracellular permeability to the sodium fluorescein control was unchanged by over‐expression of ObR subtypes. Leptin remained intact after crossing the monolayer as shown by HPLC and acid precipitation, and this was not affected by C6 cell co‐culture or the over‐expression of different ObR subtypes. Thus, increased expression of ObRb (and to a lesser extent ObRe) in C6 cells specifically increased the permeation of leptin across the hCMEC monolayer. Consistent with the evidence that the most apparent regulatory changes of ObR during obesity and inflammation occur in astrocytes, the results indicate that astrocytes actively regulate leptin transport across the blood–brain barrier, a mechanism independent of reduction of paracellular permeability.
Trauma‐associated acute mesenteric ischemia in a dog
Authors: Hamilton Todd R. , Thacher Christopher W. , Forsee Kara M. , Nakamura Reid K. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjective
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To describe the successful management of acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) in a dog.Case Summary
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An 11‐year‐old, 21.4 kg, male castrated Rough‐Coated Collie was referred for evaluation of an acute abdomen following sustaining injuries in a vehicular accident. On presentation to the hospital, clinicopathologic assessments were within normal limits and distended intestinal loops were evident on abdominal palpation. Plain and contrast radiography demonstrated diffusely distended gas‐filled intestinal loops with a delayed barium transit time. Emergency surgical exploration was performed. The cecum and the proximal two‐thirds of the colon were dark purple to black in color and there were no palpable pulses in the mesenteric arteries associated with the cecum and colon. The cecum and proximal two‐thirds of the colon were resected and an ileocolic anastomosis was performed. The dog recovered well from surgery and was discharged 2 days later. Histopathologic examination was consistent with AMI.New or Unique Information Provided
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AMI is uncommonly reported in human medicine and is a rare complication from even minor blunt abdominal trauma. This is the first reported case of trauma‐associated AMI in a dog.
Geodynamic regimes of subduction under an active margin: effects of rheological weakening by fluids and melts
Authors: GERYA T. V. , MEILICK F. I. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe dynamics of subduction under an active margin are analysed by using a 2D‐coupled petrological–thermomechanical numerical model of an oceanic–continental subduction system. The model includes spontaneous slab bending, dehydration of the subducted crust, aqueous fluid transport, partial melting of both crustal and mantle rocks as well as melt extraction processes resulting in magmatic arc crust growth. Based on our models, the following five geodynamic regimes of subduction, which may potentially form at active margins, are identified: (i) stable subduction with no backarc spreading centre and without plumes in the mantle wedge; (ii) retreating subduction with a focused backarc spreading centre and without plumes; (iii) retreating subduction with distributed intra‐arc extension and trans‐lithospheric sedimentary plumes; (iv) advancing subduction with underplating (laterally extending) sub‐lithospheric plumes; and (v) stable to advancing subduction with stationary (laterally limited) sub‐lithospheric plumes. Transitions between these different regimes are mainly caused by the concurrence of rheological weakening effects of (i) aqueous fluids percolating from the subducting slab into the mantle wedge and (ii) melts propagating from the partially molten areas formed in the mantle wedge towards the surface. The aqueous fluids mainly affect the forearc region. Strong fluid‐related weakening promotes plate decoupling and reduces subduction drag and thus results in stacking of sediments in the accretion prism. In contrast, reduced weakening by fluids results in strong coupling of the plates and leads to advancing collision‐like subduction with enhanced subduction erosion. Thickening of the overriding plate and large sedimentary plumes in the mantle wedge are the consequences. On the other hand, melts, extracted from the hot regions above the slab, rheologically weaken the lithosphere below the arc, which thus controls overriding plate extension and shortening. Strong rheological weakening by melts in combination with weak plate coupling trigger retreating subduction with a pronounced backarc spreading centre. Also, weakening of the continental lithosphere by melts extracted from trans‐lithospheric sedimentary plumes generate a weak channel through which these structures may be emplaced into subarc crust. If there is insufficient melt‐related weakening, plumes cannot ascend but extend horizontally and thus underplate the lithosphere.
On the interpretation of retrograde reaction textures in granulite facies rocks
Authors: WHITE R. W. , POWELL R. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractRetrograde reaction textures, such as partial pseudomorphs, coronae and symplectic coronae are a relatively common feature of granulite facies rocks and represent evidence of change of mineral modes or assemblages. Thus, such reaction textures represent one of the more potentially useful indicators of retrograde P–T evolutions. However, the interpretation of such textures requires the simultaneous consideration of the formation of the texture itself in terms of the spatial relationships in a rock, and of the changes in P–T conditions that drove the development of the reaction texture. Calculated phase diagrams provide a robust framework in which to consider reaction textures, especially via the combined use of pseudosections to understand the P–T changes and μ–μ diagrams to understand the spatial arrangement of the minerals. Consideration of the chemical potential gradients that may exist across a given texture means that elucidating P–T conditions and P–T paths must be done with care. The evolution of a given reaction texture may be complex with different layers or individual minerals in a texture forming at different times. Thus, the approach of writing a reaction to represent the inferred local reactant and product phases and simply ascribing such reaction textures to crossing equivalent univariant reactions from petrogenetic grids or traversing through fields in pseudosections without due consideration of chemical potential gradients may result in an incorrect interpretation. Furthermore, the potential for a non‐continuous metamorphic evolution of a rock by polymetamorphism or some other hiatus in the textural/mineral‐assemblage evolution creates further uncertainty in the interpretation of a texture in terms of its reaction history and P–T path. A common interpretation of coronae and symplectic coronae, on the basis of the preservation of the apparent reactants, is that they represent reactions that failed to go to completion for various kinetic reasons. While this may be true in some cases, many other textures may actually represent reaction having gone to completion with, for example, silicate melt being the phase completely consumed. Furthermore, even where a reaction has failed to go to completion, the possible reasons for this may be different for different rocks.
Frovatriptan for Prophylactic Treatment of Cluster Headache: Lessons for Future Trial Design
Authors: Pageler Lutz , Katsarava Zaza , Lampl Christian , Straube Andreas , Evers Stefan , Diener Hans‐Christoph , Limmroth Volker 
Published: October 2010

(Headache 2011;51:129‐134)Objective.— The aim of this study was to determine whether frovatriptan would show efficacy in short term prophylactic treatment of episodic cluster headache (ECH) in comparison to placebo.Background.— The 5‐hydroxytryptamine1B/d (5‐HT1B/d)‐agonists naratriptan, eletriptan, and frovatriptan have been shown to reduce the frequency of ECH. So far, no double‐blind placebo‐controlled trials have investigated the potential prophylactic effects of 5‐HT1B/d‐agonists in ECH.Methods.— The trial was conducted as a multi‐center, placebo‐controlled, randomized, double‐blind, prospective phase III parallel‐group trial with two independent treatment groups (5 mg frovatriptan vs placebo). It was planned to randomize about 96 patients (48 patients per group) into the trial to obtain 80 evaluable patients (40 patients per group).Results.— The study was prematurely discontinued after 13 months and enrollment of 11, instead of the planned 80 patients, by the sponsor due to infeasibility. Recruitment was slow and each of the patients included conducted major protocol violations. The differences in the primary and secondary endpoints were not significant.Conclusion.— This study shows that particular therapeutic aims are impossible to be addressed in a double‐blind, randomized, parallel group, study design with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria according to the International Headache Society (IHS) guidelines for controlled trials of drugs in cluster headache. Further studies are required to evaluate the potential efficacy of triptans in the prophylactic treatment of ECH. The outcome of the trial suggests that the recommendations of the Guidelines for controlled Trials of Drugs in Cluster Headache from the IHS should be revised.
The Energetic Pathway to Mobility Loss: An Emerging New Framework for Longitudinal Studies on Aging
Authors: Schrack Jennifer A. , Simonsick Eleanor M. , Ferrucci Luigi 
Published: October 2010

The capacity to walk independently is a central component of independent living. Numerous large and well‐designed longitudinal studies have shown that gait speed, a reliable marker of mobility, tends to decline with age and as a consequence of chronic disease. This decline in performance is of utmost importance because slow walking speed is a strong, independent predictor of disability, healthcare utilization, nursing home admission, and mortality. Based on these robust findings, it has been postulated that age‐associated decline in walking speed is a reliable barometer of the effect of biological aging on health and functional status. Despite the extraordinary prognostic information that walking speed provides, which is often superior to traditional medical information, there is a limited understanding of the mechanisms that underlie age‐ and disease‐related gait speed decline. Identifying the mechanisms that underlie the prognostic value of walking speed should be a central theme in the design of the next generation of longitudinal studies of aging, with appropriate measures introduced and analytical approaches incorporated.This study hypothesized that a scarcity of available energy induces the decline in customary walking speed with aging and disease. Based on work in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, examples of measures, operationalized dimensions, and analytical models that may be implemented to address this are provided. The main premise is simple: the biochemical processes that maintain life, secure homeostatic equilibrium, and prevent the collapse of health require energy. If energy becomes deficient, adaptive behaviors develop to conserve energy.
Long‐Term RV Threshold Behavior by Automated Measurements: Safety is the Standpoint of Pacemaker Longevity!
Authors: BIFFI MAURO , BERTINI MATTEO , MAZZOTTI ANDREA , GARDINI BEATRICE , MANTOVANI VALENTINA , ZIACCHI MATTEO , VALZANIA CINZIA , MARTIGNANI CHRISTIAN , DIEMBERGER IGOR , BORIANI GIUSEPPE 
Published: October 2010

Background: We studied long‐term right ventricular (RV) pacing threshold (RVPT) behavior in patients consecutively implanted with pacemakers capable of automatic output reprogramming tracked by automatic RV threshold measurement (automatic verification of capture [AVC]).
Methods: All the patients had state‐of‐the art steroid‐eluting bipolar pacing leads and were RV‐paced by an AVC algorithm from the three American manufacturers. Follow‐up occurred twice in the first year after implantation, then yearly until approaching elective replacement indicator.
Results: Three hundred and twenty‐one patients aged 73 ± 12 years were observed for 49 ± 26 months on average. At implantation, RVPT was 0.54 ± 0.2 V at 0.4 ms at an average 774 ± 217 Ω impedance. Forty‐one of the 321 patients (12.8%) had a permanent RVPT increase above 1.5 V at 0.4 ms: RVPT was between 1.6 and 2.5 V in 29 of 321 (9%) patients, whereas it was between 2.6 and 3.5 V in seven of 321 (2.2%) patients, and >3.5 V in five of 321 (1.5%) patients. No exit block occurred because of automatic RV output adjustment by AVC algorithms. No predictor of RVPT increase was found at multivariable analysis. The maximum RVPT increase occurred within 12 months from implantation in 19 of 321 (5.9%) patients, between the first and the second year in 12 of 321 (3.7%), between the second and the sixth year in eight of 321 (2.5%), and after the sixth year in two of 321 (0.6%).
Conclusion: Despite technologic improvement in lead manufacturing, long‐term increase of the RVPT occurs in about 13% of patients, possibly representing a serious safety issue in 3.7% when 2.5 V at 0.4 ms is exceeded. AVC algorithms can improve patients’ safety by automatic tailoring of the pacing output to threshold fluctuations, while maximizing device longevity. (PACE 2011; 89–95)
Expression of CD66 in non‐Hodgkin lymphomas and multiple myeloma
Authors: Josef Karban , Heidi Mocikova , Robert Pytlik , Pavel Klener , Marek Trneny 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectives:  90Y‐labeled anti‐CD66b monoclonal antibody clone BW 250/183 was developed for treatment of tumors. The aim of the study was the analysis of CD66 expression in lymphoproliferative malignancies to expand the potential of anti‐CD66‐based therapy.Patients and methods:  Bone marrow samples from 260 patients were examined for the expression of CD66 on tumor cells in 104 B‐chronic lymphocytic leukemias (B‐CLL), 28 mantle cell lymphomas (MCL), 22 follicular lymphomas (FCL), 15 marginal zone lymphomas (MZL), 12 lymphoplasmacytic lymphomas (LPL), 13 diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCL), 4 T‐non‐Hodgkin lymphomas (T‐NHL), 3 B‐NHL not otherwise specified (B‐NHL NOS), 3 B acute lymphoblastic leukemias (B‐ALL), and in 56 multiple myelomas (MM) by flow cytometry.Results:  Positive (≥ 20%) expression of CD66abce clone Kat4c was detected in 76% of B‐CLL and 76.8% of MM. The highest number of CD66abce‐positive samples was in MCL and LPL (96.4% of 28 and 91.7% of 12 patients, respectively). Expression of CD66b clone BW 250/183 was examined in 114 of 260 samples. Positive expression was detected in 23.3% of B‐CLL (6/35), 17.1% of MM (7/30), and 21.4% of MCL (3/14) samples.Conclusion:  The expression of CD66b compared to CD66abce was lower in all measured samples. Use of radiolabeled anti‐CD66b antibody for the treatment of lymphoproliferative diseases appears to have limited preclinical substantiation.
Oral myiasis in an elderly patient
Authors: Ribeiro Michel Campos , De Oliveira Pepato André , De Matos Fernando Pando , Sverzut Cássio Edvard , Abrahão Ana Amélia Carraro , Trivellato Alexandre Elias 
Published: October 2010

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2010.00432.xOral myiasis in an elderly patientBackground:  Myiasis is the invasion of living tissue of humans and other mammals by eggs or maggots of flies of the order of Diptera. It occurs mainly in the Tropics and is associated with inadequate public and personal hygiene. Oral myiases in an older man appears to be rare.Objective:  To relate a case of oral myiases in a debilitated older man treated by mechanical removal of the maggots, identifying the adult insect that caused the infestation.Methods:  The diagnosis of oral myiasis was established by the clinical examination and it was detected that the infestation involved only soft tissue and the sinus cavity. The patient was submitted to two mechanical removal of the visible maggots.Results:  Total of 110 maggots was removed from the oral cavity of the patient and adult insects was identified as belonging to the Calliphoridae Family, Cochliomyia hominivorax species. The patient died two days after the second procedure by severe systemic complications.Conclusions:  The mechanic removal and the identification of the maggots must be adopted as soon as possible to prevent further tissue damage and bacterial infection in cases of oral myiasis. Special attention should be given to the debilitated old patients that are particularly susceptible to oral myiasis infestation.