bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Children Start Out Thinking They Don't Know Their Own Minds?
Authors: MITCHELL PETER , TEUCHER ULRICH , BENNETT MARK , ZIEGLER FENJA , WYTON REBECCA 
Published: June 2009

Abstract:Various researchers have suggested that below 7 years of age children do not recognize that they are the authority on knowledge about themselves, a suggestion that seems counter‐intuitive because it raises the possibility that children do not appreciate their privileged first‐person access to their own minds. Unlike previous research, children in the current investigation quantified knowledge and even 5‐year‐olds tended to assign relatively more to themselves than to an adult (Studies 1 and 2). Indeed, children's estimations were different from ratings made by their mothers: Their mothers sometimes rated themselves as knowing more about their child than they rated their child as knowing (Study 2). While previous research seemed to suggest that children shift from viewing their mother to viewing themselves as the authority on knowledge about them (the children), these new findings surprisingly suggest the opposite.
On the Genealogy of Moral Pleasure1
Authors: Large Duncan 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThis article explores the problematic relation between pleasure and morality in German thought, from the Enlightenment aesthetics of the eighteenth century through to early twentieth‐century psychoanalysis. Specifically, by focusing on the status and function of pleasure in the moral analyses of Kant, the post‐Kantians Schiller and Schopenhauer, then Nietzsche and finally Freud, it argues for a shift in emphasis, over this period, from the moral evaluation of pleasure to a recognition of the pleasurable value of morality. Along the way, it traces the German reception of the Discourse on the Nature of Pleasure and Pain (1773–81) by the Milanese philosopher and economist Pietro Verri.
Voluptuousness and Asceticism in Adorno1
Authors: Wilson Ross 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThis essay explores Theodor Adorno's view of pleasure in general and his account of the pleasures of modernist art in particular. At first sight, this hardly seems a promising topic for study, given Adorno's consistently stated antipathy to the false pleasures of the culture industry. While some consideration of Adorno's critique of pleasure is important to this essay, its central aim is to demonstrate that Adorno's aesthetics does not reject pleasure outright. In particular, it will be shown that Adorno's contention that ‘[d]er Bürger wünscht die Kunst üppig und das Leben asketisch; umgekehrt wäre es besser’ does not involve an unqualified advocacy of modernist art as ascetic pure and simple, just as voluptuous life itself could hardly be initiated by an act of will. Rather, voluptuousness and asceticism are to be conceived dialectically, for Adorno, both in aesthetic theory and, indeed, in philosophy and social theory. Specific examples of Adorno's conception of the relation of pleasure to its apparent renunciation will be given from his reading of Charles Baudelaire and from his critique of developments in music allegedly in the wake of Schönberg's innovations.
Was Heisst Schauen? On the Vital Signs of Modernist Painting
Authors: Santner Eric L. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper argues that a great deal of modernist artistic production is best viewed as a struggle with the psychic and biopolitical dimensions of what has been characterised as the ‘disenchantment’ of the world. The paper proceeds by way of a critical engagement with the work of the philosopher J. M. Bernstein who has tried to measure the achievements of modernist works of art on the basis of their capacity to sustain the ‘normative claims’ of embodied subjectivity under conditions of modernity (scientific formalisation, commodity exchange, bureaucratic organisation). The pleasures afforded by such works must be linked, in Bernstein's view, to the claims they make on behalf of lost forms of human vitality and animation. This paper argues that only a concept of human ‘life’ that brings together what Michel Foucault and Giorgio Agamben characterise as biopolitics with the psychoanalytic understanding of the drives can capture the full complexity of the aesthetic claims in question.
Kafka's ‘Josefine die Sängerin oder Das Volk der Mäuse’
Authors: Minden Michael 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe first part of this article is a textual analysis of cultural pleasure as depicted in Kafka's ‘Josefine die Sängerin oder Das Volk der Mäuse’. There are two levels to this pleasure: the first, based on mutual misunderstanding, is that Josefine's performance mirrors the community's own vulnerability, which paradoxically enriches its sense of belonging, and this in turn confirms its ability to protect her to the extent that she can perform for their benefit. The second level is of a psychoanalytical nature, based upon the recurrence of the word ‘Verlangen’ in the text, denoting a stronger, potentially destructive jouissance both enabled and deflected by the mutual misunderstanding previously described. The second part of the article consists of a more formal textual analysis, bringing out the specific indeterminacy of the text and arguing that this throws light upon Kafka's sense of the possible reception of his writing. Drawing upon Giorgio Agamben's Homo Sacer, and other recent interpretations of Kafka, the third part of the article then asks what the foregoing analysis can suggest about the actual reception of Kafka and about the history of modernist cultural pleasure more broadly.
Well, we know where we’re going, but we don't know where we’ve been.                  Talking Heads, ‘Road to Nowhere’
W. G. Sebald: The Pleasure and Pain of Beauty
Authors: Duttlinger Carolin 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTBeauty plays a central but ambivalent role in Sebald's writings. Echoing Kant's aesthetic theory, Sebald's texts emphasise the disinterested and free nature of aesthetic pleasure, but they also argue that this pleasure is increasingly threatened in the modern age, as the human relationship towards nature becomes informed by a desire for domination and exploitation. In a cross‐reading of Sebald's literary works and his essays on Adalbert Stifter and Gottfried Keller, this article shows how Sebald's own texts attempt to resist this development. By highlighting the beauty of the natural world, they prepare the ground for renewed appreciation, but also for encounter and compassion. Yet the beauty thus displayed is often situated within the context of suffering and death, and by depicting it, Sebald's texts risk becoming complicit with the very structures which they try to undermine. A similar complicity between pleasure and domination also shapes the realm of man‐made artefacts. Sebald's texts attempt to escape this double‐bind in passages which abandon conventionally realist representation in favour of more abstract tableaux of beautiful patterns and colours. This movement towards abstraction serves to shield beauty from the dictates of instrumental reason, fostering an aesthetic pleasure which remains open to compassion.
Mexican Urban Governance: How Old and New Institutions Coexist and Interact
Authors: GUARNEROS‐MEZA VALERIA 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe analysis of urban governance in terms of networks, as developed in the UK by scholars including Rhodes and Stoker, can be applied to a context such as Mexico if due weight is given to macro‐level processes. In this article, careful attention is paid to the institutional legacies of Mexico's past authoritarian regime and how they are challenged by a new discourse of neoliberalization, decentralization and democratization. Corporatism, social segmentation and organizational fragmentation in the past have resulted in the continuing importance of hierarchical modes of governance alongside networks. Case studies of the public–private partnerships involved in the regeneration of the historic centres of Querétaro and San Luis Potosí show that new forms of governance entail a mix of continuity and change. Regeneration partnerships were initiated and largely funded by the local state, with the state retaining considerable power. Most of the non‐state participants were drawn from the old aristocracy and business and professional organizations, whilst the increasingly autonomous groups of street traders and ‘ordinary’ citizens concerned with the life in the city centre were excluded. Nevertheless, new discourses challenge the institutional legacies of the past, encouraging institutional change.RésuméL'analyse de la gouvernance urbaine en termes de réseaux, telle que des chercheurs comme Rhodes et Stoker la présentent au Royaume‐Uni, est applicable au contexte mexicain si on pondère correctement les macro‐processus. Une attention particulière est accordée ici aux héritages institutionnels du régime autoritaire qu'a connu le Mexique, et à la façon dont ils sont remis en cause par un discours nouveau de néolibéralisation, décentralisation et démocratisation. Dans le passé, corporatisme, segmentation sociale et fragmentation des organisations ont donné une importance constante aux modes de gouvernance hiérarchisés en parallèle aux réseaux. D'après des études de cas de partenariats public‐privé portant sur des projets de régénération des centres historiques de Querétaro et de San Luis Potosí, de nouvelles formes de gouvernance génèrent un mélange de continuité et de changement. Les partenariats liés à la régénération de quartiers ont été lancés et en grande partie financés par l'État local, l'État gardant une emprise considérable. Hormis l'État, les participants étaient issus, par la plupart, de la vieille aristocratie, ainsi que des milieux commerciaux et professionnels, alors qu'étaient exclus les groupes de plus en plus autonomes des marchands ambulants et des citoyens ‘ordinaires’ concernés par la vie dans le centre‐ville. Néanmoins les nouveaux discours, qui remettent en question les héritages institutionnels du passé, encouragent à une évolution des institutions.
Current topical and systemic approaches to treatment of rosacea
Authors: Korting HC , Schöllmann C 
Published: June 2009

AbstractRosacea is a common, often overlooked, chronic facial dermatosis characterized by intermittent periods of exacerbation and remission. Clinical subtypes and grading of the disease have been defined in the literature. On the basis of a genetic predisposition, there are several intrinsic and extrinsic factors possibly correlating with the phenotypic expression of the disease. Although rosacea cannot be cured, there are several recommended treatment strategies appropriate to control the corresponding symptoms/signs. In addition to adequate skin care, these include topical and systemic medications particularly suitable for the papulopustular subtype of rosacea with moderate to severe intensity. The most commonly used and most established therapeutic regimens are topical metronidazole and topical azelaic acid as well as oral doxycycline. Conventionally, 100–200 mg per day have been used. Today also a controlled release formulation is available, delivering 40 mg per day using non‐antibiotic, anti‐inflammatory activities of the drug. Anti‐inflammatory dose doxycycline in particular allows for a safe and effective short‐ and long‐term therapy of rosacea. Topical metronidazole and topical azelaic acid also appear to be safe and effective for short‐term use. There are indications that a combined therapy of anti‐inflammatory dose doxycycline and topical metronidazole could possibly have synergy effects. Further interesting therapy options for the short‐ and long‐term therapy of rosacea could be low‐dose minocycline and isotretinoin; however, too little data are available with regard to the effectiveness, safety, optimal dosage and appropriate length of treatment for these medications to draw final conclusions.Conflicts of interestNone declared.
Treatment with a barrier‐strengthening moisturizing cream delays relapse of atopic dermatitis: a prospective and randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Wirén K , Nohlgård C , Nyberg F , Holm L , Svensson M , Johannesson A , Wallberg P , Berne B , Edlund F , Lodén M 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackground  Standard treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) is based on topical glucocorticosteroids or calcineurin inhibitors to treat flares combined with moisturizer treatment to alleviate dry skin symptoms. Patients with AD have an abnormal skin barrier function, and strategies for reducing the risks for eczema would be to repair the barrier or prevent barrier dysfunction.Objectives  The objective of this study was to explore the time to relapse of eczema during a 26‐week maintenance treatment with a urea containing moisturizer compared to no treatment (neither medical nor non‐medicated preparations) after successful clearing of atopic lesions. The moisturizer has previously been shown to improve skin barrier function.Methods  Patients applied betamethasone valerate (0.1%) on eczematous lesions during a 3‐week period. Those with cleared eczema entered a 26‐week maintenance phase, applying the moisturizer or left the previously affected area untreated. Upon eczema relapse, patients were instructed to contact the clinic and to have the relapse confirmed by the investigator.Results  Fifty‐five patients entered the study and 44 patients were included in the maintenance phase (22 using moisturizer twice daily and 22 using no treatment). Median time to relapse for patients treated with moisturizer was > 180 days (duration of the study) compared with 30 days for the no‐treatment group. Sixty‐eight per cent of the patients treated with the moisturizer and 32% of the untreated patients remained free from eczema during the observation period.Conclusions  Maintenance treatment with a barrier‐improving urea moisturizer on previous eczematous areas reduced the risk of relapse to approximately one third of that of no treatment.
REPRODUCTIVE TOURISM IN ARGENTINA: CLINIC ACCREDITATION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR CONSUMERS, HEALTH PROFESSIONALS AND POLICY MAKERS
Authors: SMITH ELISE , BEHRMANN JASON , MARTIN CAROLINA , WILLIAMS‐JONES BRYN 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTA subcategory of medical tourism, reproductive tourism has been the subject of much public and policy debate in recent years. Specific concerns include: the exploitation of individuals and communities, access to needed health care services, fair allocation of limited resources, and the quality and safety of services provided by private clinics. To date, the focus of attention has been on the thriving medical and reproductive tourism sectors in Asia and Eastern Europe; there has been much less consideration given to more recent ‘players’ in Latin America, notably fertility clinics in Chile, Brazil, Mexico and Argentina. In this paper, we examine the context‐specific ethical and policy implications of private Argentinean fertility clinics that market reproductive services via the internet. Whether or not one agrees that reproductive services should be made available as consumer goods, the fact is that they are provided as such by private clinics around the world. We argue that basic national regulatory mechanisms are required in countries such as Argentina that are marketing fertility services to local and international publics. Specifically, regular oversight of all fertility clinics is essential to ensure that consumer information is accurate and that marketed services are safe and effective. It is in the best interests of consumers, health professionals and policy makers that the reproductive tourism industry adopts safe and responsible medical practices.
FAIR TRADE INTERNATIONAL SURROGACY
Authors: HUMBYRD CASEY 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTSince the development of assisted reproductive technologies, infertile individuals have crossed borders to obtain treatments unavailable or unaffordable in their own country. Recent media coverage has focused on the outsourcing of surrogacy to developing countries, where the cost for surrogacy is significantly less than the equivalent cost in a more developed country. This paper discusses the ethical arguments against international surrogacy. The major opposition viewpoints can be broadly divided into arguments about welfare, commodification and exploitation.It is argued that the only valid objection to international surrogacy is that surrogate mothers may be exploited by being given too little compensation. However, the possibility of exploitation is a weak argument for prohibition, as employment alternatives for potential surrogate mothers may be more exploitative or more harmful than surrogacy. It is concluded that international surrogacy must be regulated, and the proposed regulatory mechanism is termed Fair Trade Surrogacy. The guidelines of Fair Trade Surrogacy focus on minimizing potential harms to all parties and ensuring fair compensation for surrogate mothers.
Refining soil survey information for a Dutch soil series using land use history
Authors: Sonneveld M.P.W. , Bouma J. , Veldkamp A. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract. Differences in land‐use history within soil series, although not influencing soil classification, lead to variability of non‐diagnostic soil properties in soil databases. Regional studies that use soil databases are confronted with this considerable variability. This has, for example, been reported in regional studies focused on nitrate leaching from agricultural land. Such findings have a direct impact on regional assessments of nitrate leaching from dairy farms on sandy soils, a major environmental issue in the Netherlands. There is thus a need to deal with this variability in soil properties.We were able to relate soil organic nitrogen, soil organic carbon and its dynamics to land use history for a Dutch sandy soil series. Within one soil series, three different land use histories were identified: old grassland, reseeded grassland and grassland converted from continuous cropping with silage maize. The addition of landscape characteristics significantly improved the regression models based on land‐use only. Once established for any given soil series, such relationships can significantly improve soil survey input into dynamic models of soil behaviour such as regional nitrate leaching studies.
Concomitant Use of Prescription Drugs and Dietary Supplements in Ambulatory Elderly People
Authors: Nahin Richard L. , Pecha Monica , Welmerink Diana B. , Sink Kaycee , DeKosky Steven T. , Fitzpatrick Annette L. ,   for the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory Study Investigators
Published: June 2009

OBJECTIVES: To analyze baseline data on concomitant use of prescription drugs and dietary supplements in elderly people from the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory (GEM) Study, in which information was collected on all drugs and supplements used by participant.DESIGN: Cross‐sectional correlation analysis.SETTING: GEM Study sites in California, Maryland, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania.PARTICIPANTS: Three thousand seventy ambulatory individuals aged 75 and older enrolled between September 2000 and June 2002.MEASUREMENTS: Use of prescription drugs and dietary supplements identified through bottles brought to the clinic.RESULTS: Almost three‐quarters (74.2%) of the cohort combined use of at least one prescription drug and one dietary supplement, with 32.5% using three or more prescription drugs and three or more supplements. The 15 most‐prevalent prescription drugs exhibited substantial concomitant use with dietary supplements, ranging from 77.6% for diuretics to 93.6% for estrogen preparations. Although supplements were taken concomitantly with all classes of prescription drugs, the use of supplements was more likely in individuals using nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, thyroid drugs, and estrogens. The use of drugs for diabetes mellitus was negatively associated with the use of supplements, with most of this attributed to low use in those taking multivitamins, glucosamine and chondroitin, and echinacea.CONCLUSION: There is substantial concomitant use of prescription drugs and dietary supplements in elderly people. Further investigations are needed to define the clinical importance of this concomitant use, especially in elderly patients who consume multiple prescription drugs or have experienced an adverse event secondary to their prescription medications.
A Randomized Trial Comparing Digital Video Disc with Written Delivery of Falls Prevention Education for Older Patients in Hospital
Authors: Hill Anne‐Marie , McPhail Steven , Hoffmann Tammy , Hill Keith , Oliver David , Beer Christopher , Brauer Sandra , Haines Terry P. 
Published: June 2009

OBJECTIVES: To compare the effectiveness of a digital video disc (DVD) with that of a written workbook delivering falls prevention education to older hospital patients on self‐perceived risk of falls, perception of falls epidemiology, knowledge of prevention strategies, and motivation and confidence to engage in self‐protective strategies. To compare the effect of receiving either education approach versus no education on patients' perception of falls epidemiology.DESIGN: Randomized trial (DVD vs workbook) with additional quasi‐experimental control group.SETTINGS: Geriatric, medical, and orthopedic wards in Perth and Brisbane, Australia.PARTICIPANTS: One hundred (n=51 DVD, n=49 workbook) hospital inpatients aged 60 and older receiving an intervention (mean age 75.3±10.1) and 122 in the control group (mean age 79.3±8.3).INTERVENTION: Participants randomly assigned to receive identical educational material on falls prevention delivered on a DVD or in a workbook. Control group received usual care.MEASUREMENTS: Custom‐designed survey addressing elements of the Health Belief Model of health behavior change.RESULTS: Participants randomized to DVD delivery had a higher self‐perceived risk of falling (P=.04) and higher levels of confidence (P=.03) and motivation (P=.04) to engage in self‐protective strategies than participants who received the workbook. A higher proportion of participants who received either form of the education provided “desired” responses than of control group participants across all knowledge items (P<.001).CONCLUSION: Delivery of falls prevention education on a DVD compared to a written workbook is more likely to achieve important changes in parameters likely to affect successful uptake of falls prevention messages in the hospital setting.