bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design, synthesis, and characterization of some novel pyrazolo [1,5‐a] pyrimidines as potent antimicrobial agents
Authors: Dawane Bhaskar S. , Konda Shankaraiah G. , Zangade Sainath B. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
magnified image A novel series of pyrazolo [1,5‐a] pyrimidines were synthesized by the condensation of substituted chalcones with 5‐amino pyrazole in presence of dimethyl formamide. All the synthesized products were characterized by the spectral analysis. Further, all newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity. Most of the compounds showed potent activity. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Iodine: Selectively promote the synthesis of mono substituted quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones and 2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones in one‐pot
Authors: Zeng Li‐Yan , Cai Chun 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
magnified image A general and versatile one‐pot three‐component procedure for the selective synthesis of mono substituted quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones and 2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones were described. The selectivity could be controlled by the ratio of iodine concentration. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Microwave‐assisted Brønsted acidic ionic liquid‐promoted one‐pot synthesis of heterobicyclic dihydropyrimidinones by a three‐component coupling of cyclopentanone, aldehydes, and urea
Authors: Rahman Matiur , Majee Adinath , Hajra Alakananda 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
magnified image A simple and efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of heterobicyclic dihydropyrimidinone derivatives through a solvent‐free one‐pot three‐component condensation of aromatic aldehydes, cyclopentanone, and urea or thiourea in the presence of Brønsted acidic ionic liquid under microwave irradiation. The catalyst can be reused at least six times without any noticeable decrease in catalytic activity. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Selective reduction of 2,4‐dinitro‐ and 4,5‐dinitroimidazole derivatives using iron dust
Authors: Olender Dorota , Żwawiak Justyna , Zaprutko Lucjusz 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
magnified image A series of N‐substituted 2,4‐dinitroimidazoles, 4,5‐dinitroimidazoles, and 2‐methyl‐4,5‐dinitroimidazoles have been selectively reduced to the corresponding aminonitroimidazole derivatives, using iron dust in glacial acetic acid at room temperature. 2,4‐Dinitroimidazoles have been reduced to the 2‐amino‐4‐nitro‐derivatives only but 4,5‐dinitroimidazoles have given 4‐amino‐5‐nitro‐ or 5‐amino‐4‐nitro‐ derivatives depended on the structure of the N‐substituent. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
An efficient three‐component synthesis of benzoxanthenes in water
Authors: Dabiri Minoo , Tisseh Zeinab Noroozi , Bazgir Ayoob 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
magnified image A clean, one‐pot and three‐component synthesis of new dibenzo[a,i]xanthene‐diones derivatives by cyclo‐condensation reaction of 2‐hydroxynaphthalene‐1,4‐dione, aromatic aldehydes and dimedone or 2‐naphthol in aqueous media is reported. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Synthesis and structural study of N‐methyl‐2‐methylthiopyrimidine derivatives from trihalomethylated enones
Authors: Zanatta Nilo , Madruga Claudia C. , Marisco Patricia C. , da Rosa Luciana S. , da Silva Fabio M. , Bonacorso Helio G. , Martins Marcos A. P. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
magnified image The synthesis and chemoselective study of a novel series N‐methyl‐2‐methylthio‐tetrahydropyrimidines and or N‐methyl‐2‐methylthiodihydropyrimidines, from the cyclocondensation reaction of β‐alkoxyvinyl trihalomethyl ketones (enones) with 1,2‐dimethylisothiourea sulfate is described. It was found that the chemoselectivity depends on both the reaction conditions and the steric and electronic effects of the substituents on the enones. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
A DIC mediated expeditious small library synthesis and biological activity of thiazolidin‐4‐one and 1,3‐thiazinan‐4‐one derivatives
Authors: Verma Amit , Verma Shweta S , Saraf Shailendra K 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
magnified image A diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC) mediated small library of thiazolidin‐4‐one and 1,3‐Thiazinan‐4‐one derivatives were efficiently synthesized using one pot three component condensation of amino acid, aldehyde, and mercapto carboxylic acid on a polymer support. The study shows significantly higher yields of the thiazolidin‐4‐one derivatives thereby indicating a lower dependence on the nature of the amino acid and aldehyde components. As an obvious extension of this protocol, the reactions were performed using heterocyclic aldehydes and substituted hindered aromatic aldehydes instead of simple aromatic aldehydes. The synthesized library compounds were also screened for their antifungal acitivity against these three pathogenic fungi: Candida albicans (Ca), Candida parapsilosis (Cp), and Cryptococcus neoformans (Cn). J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Effects of blood conservation on the incidence of anemia and transfusions in pediatric parapneumonic effusion: A hospitalist perspective
Authors: Hassan Nabil E. , Winters John , Winterhalter Kim , Reischman Diann , El‐Borai Yasser 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Children with pneumonia may develop parapneumonic effusion (PNE). The associated inflammatory process and nutritional compromise can blunt erythropoesis. Traditional treatment for these children with PNE includes repeated phlebotomy and surgical intervention, resulting in ongoing blood losses. Blood transfusions used to treat acquired anemia are associated with multiple complications.OBJECTIVES:This study evaluated the effect of hospitalists' implementation of blood conservation guidelines (BCG) on the incidence of anemia and transfusion requirements in children with PNE.DESIGN:Retrospective cohort study of hospitalized children with PNE.SETTINGS:University affiliated Children's Hospital.PATIENTS:Children who were admitted to the hospital with PNE and managed using BCG (Group I) were compared to simultaneous no intervention group (S) and historical no intervention group (H). Group (I) and (S) were admitted from year 2000 to 2004 and the Group (H) were admitted from year 1997 to 1999.MEASUREMENTS:Phlebotomy frequency and volume, measured hemoglobin (Hgb) levels, and the need for red blood transfusions.RESULTS:Children in the BCG group (n = 24) compared to simultaneous no intervention group (n = 28) and historical no intervention group (n = 29) had lesser phlebotomy volumes (14 ± 8, 18 ± 14 and 69 ± 66 mL; P = 0.001), trend toward lesser Hgb drop (1.7 ± 1.4, 2.1 ± 1.2 and 2 ± 1.4 gm%; P ≤ 0.37), and lesser incidence of transfusion (8%, 18% and 31%; P = 0.11). Transfused children were younger (3.5 ± vs. 6.4 ± 4 years; P = 0.001) and had lower initial Hgb (9.9 ± 1 vs. 11.4 ± 1 gm%; P = 0.001), more phlebotomy (5.9 ± 7 vs. 1.1 ± 1 mL/kg., P = 0.001), longer hospitalization (18.7 ± 5 vs. 11.1 ± days; P = 0.001), and slightly higher (pediatric risk of mortality [PRISM]) scores (3.4 ± 5.7 vs. 1.6 ± 2.7; P = 0.25).CONCLUSION:Implementing BCG lowers phlebotomy losses and the need for transfusion. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:410–413. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Implication of Akt‐dependent Prp19α/14‐3‐3β/Cdc5L complex formation in neuronal differentiation
Authors: Urano‐Tashiro Yumiko , Sasaki Hironobu , Sugawara‐Kawasaki Mioko , Yamada Takeyuki , Sugiyama Akinori , Akiyama Hirotada , Kawasaki Yasushi , Tashiro Fumio 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPRP19α and CDC5L are major components of the active spliceosome. However, their association process is still unknown. Here, we demonstrated that PRP19α/14‐3‐3β/CDC5L complex formation is regulated by Akt during nerve growth factor (NGF)‐induced neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells. Analysis of PRP19α mutants revealed that the phosphorylation of PRP19α at Thr 193 by Akt was critical for its binding with 14‐3‐3β to translocate into the nuclei and for PRP19α/14‐3‐3β/CDC5L complex formation in neuronal differentiation. Forced expression of either sensePRP19α or sense14‐3‐3β RNAs promoted NGF‐induced neuronal differentiation, whereas down‐regulation of these mRNAs showed a suppressive effect. The nonphosphorylation mutant PRP19αT193A lost its binding ability with 14‐3‐3β and acted as a dominant‐negative mutant in neuronal differentiation. These results imply that Akt‐dependent phosphorylation of PRP19α at Thr193 triggers PRP19α/14‐3‐3β/CDC5L complex formation in the nuclei, likely to assemble the active spliceosome against neurogenic pre‐mRNAs. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of regional and at‐site approaches to modelling probabilities of heavy precipitation
Authors: Kyselý Jan , Gaál Ladislav , Picek Jan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSeveral approaches to estimating distributions of precipitation extremes are compared by means of simulation experiments, and their applications into observed data in the Czech Republic are evaluated. Regional frequency models, which take into account data in fixed or flexible ‘regions’ when fitting a distribution at any site, lead to estimates with much smaller errors compared to a single‐site analysis, and efficiently reduce random and climatologically irrelevant variations in the estimates of the model parameters and high quantiles. The region‐of‐influence (ROI) methodology with a built‐in regional homogeneity test is recognized as a useful approach, with the model based on proximity of sites outperforming the Hosking–Wallis regional frequency analysis. Comparison of estimates of the return period of a heavy precipitation event on 24 June 2009, which triggered a disastrous local flash flood, illustrates that the at‐site analysis leads to unrealistic and extremely uncertain estimates that strongly depend on whether or not a single outlying observation is involved in the sample, while all regional methods yield return periods in the same order of several hundreds of years, notwithstanding whether the 2009 data are included in the sample. The ROI method may be found useful for modelling probabilities of other meteorological variables, extremes of which are strongly influenced by sampling variability, and may also represent an efficient tool for ‘smoothing’ random variations in the estimates of model parameters and high quantiles of precipitation in high‐resolution regional climate model simulations. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
ENSO teleconnection impacts on reference evapotranspiration variability in some warm climates of Iran
Authors: Sabziparvar A. A. , Mirmasoudi S. H. , Tabari H. , Nazemosadat M. J. , Maryanaji Z. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) is an acceptable scientific index for determining the strength of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. Because of the importance of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) in determining crop water demand, this study was conducted to assess the impacts of different ENSO phases on ET0 variability in some warm climates of Iran. For the estimation of ET0, the daily meteorological variables from a set of stations during a period of 50 years (1957–2006) were used in an aerodynamic energy balance approach and the correlation between SOI and the estimated ET0 values for two scenarios (with and without time lag) was constructed. Using Spearman, Pearson and Mann‐Whitney approaches, the correlation coefficients (r) and the statistically significant relative differences between the mean ET0 values and their corresponding variations in each phase were verified. The results of seasonal ET0 showed that in 54% of the study sites, significant (P < 0.05) correlations between ENSO events and the ET0 variations exist. In the monthly timescale, 88% of the significant SOI‐ET0 correlations experienced positive signs. In most of the cases, the spring and winter ENSO events influenced the ET0 values one or two seasons after the occurrence of the ENSO. On average, the mean monthly ET0 values during El Niño phases were 10.1 and 9.3% lower than the corresponding ET0 values during La Niña and normal phases, respectively. On the contrary, the mean monthly ET0 values during La Niña were 8.4% higher than that in normal phase. It was found that the degree of impact of ENSO on ET0 variability is sensitive to the timescale of analyses. Furthermore, the ET0 variations in warm arid sites were more sensitive to teleconnection impact of ENSO than the humid sites. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Statistical behaviours of precipitation regimes in China and their links with atmospheric circulation 1960–2005
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Xu Chong‐Yu , Chen Xiaohong , Zhang Zengxin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this study, we comprehensively analysed daily precipitation time series of 590 rain stations in China covering 1960–2005. Ten indices were defined to evaluate changing patterns of precipitation regimes and trend detection was performed using Mann–Kendall trend test and linear regressive technique. For the sake of better understanding of underlying causes behind changing properties of precipitation regimes, we also investigated spatial and temporal variations of atmospheric circulation of water vapour flux. The results revealed different changing properties of precipitation events across China. Generally, wet tendency was identified in the south China and dry tendency in north China. Besides, slight wet tendency could be found in northwest China. In addition, increasing precipitation intensity could be observed mainly in the lower Yangtze River basin and the Pearl River basin. Remarkable seasonal shifts of wet/dry conditions were also detected in China: wet tendency in winter and dry tendency in summer. Furthermore, this study revealed good agreement between spatial distribution of precipitation regimes and water vapour flux, showing tremendous influences of water vapour flux on the precipitation changes across China. Regions east to 100°E were dominated by increasing water vapour flux in winter. Weaker East Asian Summer Monsoon was the main cause responsible for decreasing northward propagation of water vapour flux, causing different wet (dry) tendency in south (north) China. This study can provide theoretical evidence for effective water resource management and sound arrangement of agriculture activities on river basin scale under the changing environment across China. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Drought dynamics on the Mongolian steppe, 1970–2006
Authors: Sternberg Troy , Thomas David , Middleton Nick 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDrought is an ongoing feature in Mongolia's steppe environment, yet it remains poorly documented. Awareness of drought conditions is important in the countryside because 50% of the rural population derive their livelihood from climate‐dependent pastoralism. In this study, precipitation records, 1970–2006, from five meteorological stations in three steppe provinces were analysed using the Standard Precipitation Index to identify drought events at 1‐, 3‐, 5‐ and 17‐month timescales. Results found that the probability of drought occurrence in the steppe was slightly less than expected and that the occurrence, intensity and duration were site‐specific characteristics. Additionally, its distribution was neither spatially consistent nor uniform over time at different sites. The most serious drought, in terms of severity and duration, was in progress in 2006 at the end of the study. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
High‐pressure polarized Raman spectra of Gd2(MoO4)3: phase transitions and amorphization
Authors: Lucazeau Guy , Le Bacq Olivier , Pasturel Alain , Bouvier Pierre , Pagnier Thierry 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPolarized Raman spectra of a single crystal of gadolinium molybdate [Gd2(MoO4)3] were obtained between 1 atm and 7 GPa. Using a mixture of alcohols as the pressure‐transmitting medium, YY, ZZ, XY components of scattering matrices were measured. The ZZ spectra were also obtained in argon. Five phase transitions and amorphization were identified. The first and second transitions are reversible, while amorphization is not. In alcohol, amorphization is observed above 6.5 GPa. With argon as the pressure‐transmitting medium, amorphization is progressive and begins above 3 GPa. The spectral changes with pressure affect the high wavenumber bands attributed to symmetric and antisymmetric MoO4 stretching modes as well as the very low wavenumber modes such as librations of the tetrahedra. This means that both short‐range and long‐range organizations of the tetrahedra are involved in these phase transitions. The amorphization mechanism and its dependence on the pressure‐transmitting medium are discussed, and the steric hindrance between polyhedra is believed to be the most relevant mechanism. The TO and LO low wavenumber modes of A1 symmetry, observed in the Y(ZZ)Y and Z(YY)Z geometries, respectively, below 50 cm−1, soften continuously through the first three phases when increasing pressure. The strong A2 mode observed in the Z(XY)Z spectra exhibits the same anomalous behavior by decreasing from 53 to 46 cm−1 at 2 GPa. The softening of these modes is related to the orientation change of tetrahedra observed by ab initio calculations when the volume of the cell is decreased. These orientation changes can explain the wavenumber decrease of the MoO stretching modes above 2 GPa, which indicates an increase of Mo coordination. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vibrational spectra and structural studies of nonlinear optical crystal ammonium D, L‐tartrate: a density functional theoretical approach
Authors: Vidya S. , Ravikumar C. , Hubert Joe I. , Kumaradhas P. , Devipriya B. , Raju K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSingle crystals of ammonium D, L‐tartrate, a potential nonlinear optical (NLO) material of interest, were grown by the slow evaporation technique. The crystal structure was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectra of the crystallized molecule were recorded and analyzed. The geometry, intermolecular hydrogen bonding, first hyperpolarizability and harmonic vibrational wavenumbers were calculated with the help of B3LYP density functional theory method. The red shift of hydroxyl and NH4+ stretching wavenumbers indicate the formation of inter‐ and intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Simultaneous activation of CH stretching wavenumbers shows the presence of intramolecular charge transfer in the molecule. Natural bond orbital analysis was carried out to demonstrate the various inter‐ and intramolecular interactions that are responsible for the stabilization of this molecule, leading to high NLO activity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential Raman cross section of dimethyl sulfide
Authors: Barletta Robert E. , Roe Christopher H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBiogenic sulfur compounds such as dimethyl sulfide (DMS) are important contributors to the global carbon cycle. The differential Raman cross section of DMS relative to the nitrogen fundamental, σDMS, has been measured at several excitation wavelengths in order to assess the applicability of Raman spectroscopy for the direct quantitative measurement of this compound. At 488 nm, σDMS for the ν6 carbon–sulfur stretching mode was found to be 4.9 ± 1.6, while for the ν2 carbon–hydrogen stretching mode it was 2.8 ± 0.9. Using, KrF laser excitation, values for σDMS could be measured simultaneously at two excitation wavelengths, 248.32 and 248.69 nm. The average values of σDMS for 248‐nm excitation based on measurements at these two excitation wavelengths were 3.5 ± 1.4 for the carbon–sulfur stretching mode and 4.6 ± 0.6 for the carbon–hydrogen stretching mode. The results indicate that no significant resonance enhancement of σDMS for either mode occurs, although they show some slight enhancement of the cross section for the ν2 band (CH stretching mode). It was concluded that the measured values of σDMS are high enough to allow the quantitative detection of DMS at the millimolar level. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving downstream processes to recover tartaric acid, tartrate and nutrients from vinasses and formulation of inexpensive fermentative broths for xylitol production
Authors: Salgado José Manuel , Rodríguez Noelia , Cortés Sandra , Domínguez José Manuel 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Vinasses, the main liquid wastes from the distillation process of grape marc and wine lees, are acidic effluents with high organic content, including acids, carbohydrates, phenols, and unsaturated compounds with high chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand and solid concentrations. These wastes can be revalued to provide additional benefits when they are employed as feedstock of some compounds including tartaric acid, calcium tartrate and economic nutrients for the elaboration of fermentable broths.RESULT: This study attempts to recover tartaric acid and calcium tartrate from vinasses. All the tartaric acid initially solubilised was recovered in both processes. The residual streams can be successfully employed as economic nutrients for the xylose to xylitol bioconversion, achieving higher global volumetric productivities (QP, xylitol = 0.232 g L−1 h−1) and products yields (Yxylitol/S = 0.57 g g−1) than fermentations carried out using commercial nutrients (QP, xylitol = 0.193 g L−1 h−1 and Yxylitol/S = 0.55 g g−1 respectively).CONCLUSION: Tartaric acid can be recovered from vinasses in the form of tartaric acid crystals and calcium tartrate. The residual streams generated in the process can be used as economic nutrients for the production of xylitol by D. hansenii. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Functional characterization of steam jet‐cooked buckwheat flour as a fat replacer in cake‐baking
Authors: Min Bockki , Lee Seung Mi , Yoo Sang‐Ho , Inglett George E. , Lee Suyong 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: With rising consumer awareness of obesity, the food industry has a market‐driven impetus to develop low‐fat or fat‐free foods with acceptable taste and texture. Fancy buckwheat flour was thus subjected to steam jet‐cooking and the performance of the resulting product in cake‐baking was evaluated as a fat replacer.RESULTS: Steam jet‐cooking caused structural breakdown and starch gelatinization of buckwheat flour, thus increasing its water hydration properties. In the pasting measurements, steam jet‐cooked buckwheat flour exhibited high initial viscosity, while no peak viscosity was observed. Also, the suspensions of steam jet‐cooked buckwheat flour exhibited shear‐thinning behaviors, which were well characterized by the power law model. When shortening in cakes was replaced with steam jet‐cooked buckwheat gels, the specific gravity of cake batters significantly increased, consequently affecting cake volume after baking. However, shortening replacement with steam jet‐cooked buckwheat up to 20% by weight appeared to be effective in producing cakes as soft as the control without volume loss.CONCLUSION: When buckwheat flour was thermomechanically modified by steam jet‐cooking, it was successfully incorporated into cake formulations for shortening up to 20% by weight, producing low‐fat cakes with comparable volume and textural properties to the control. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry