bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case Article—Inkjet Printer Pricing
Authors: Leong Thin-Yin , Ma Nang-Laik 
Published: June 2011

The inkjet printer business had adopted the “bait and hook,” also known as the “razors and blades” or “tied-products,” business strategy, offering a basic printer product at a very low (possibly below cost) price but charging a highly marked-up price for its proprietary ink cartridge. This case explores the pricing of two interrelated products: the printer and its ink cartridge to maximize the overall profit. This case is designed as an introductory-level case study that emphasizes the basics of spreadsheet modeling. The learning goals for this case are to improve students' skills of modeling a business problem of this nature, determining the parameters involved, exploring the tradeoffs between different pricing criteria, and analyzing how profit can be affected by variations in the input parameter values such as printer cost, cartridge cost, printer price elasticity, and cartridge-to-printer projected sales ratio. Case Teaching Note: Interested Instructors please see the Instructor Materials page for access to the restricted materials. To maintain the integrity and usefulness of cases published in ITE, unapproved distribution of the case teaching notes and other restricted materials to any other party is prohibited.
Case Article—Flight Delays at RegionEx
Authors: Farahat Amr , Martonosi Susan E. 
Published: June 2011

In this case about two fictitious airlines, RegionEx, a small regional airline, is a contracted regional carrier for MississippiDelta Airlines (MDA), a major U.S. airline. In September, RegionEx exhibited a worse flight delay record than MDA, and is now at risk of losing its contract. The flight operations manager at RegionEx is tasked with analyzing the flight delay records and explaining RegionEx's seemingly poor performance to RegionEx's chief operations officer. Reflecting the recommendations of the Guidelines for Assessment and Instruction in Statistics Education (GAISE) published by the American Statistical Association, this case emphasizes statistical literacy and conceptual understanding of data analysis rather than rote procedures. Undergraduate and MBA students will use basic data analysis techniques, such as graphical analysis, descriptive statistics, and two-sample hypothesis testing and correlation, to discover important paradoxes in the flight delay data. They will learn that subtle differences in the definition of business performance metrics can radically change their interpretation; graphical analysis of data can provide information about distributions that are masked by summary statistics; aggregating data across disparate sample sizes can skew means (Simpson's paradox); and correlation does not imply causation. Case Teaching Note: Interested Instructors please see the Instructor Materials page for access to the restricted materials. To maintain the integrity and usefulness of cases published in ITE, unapproved distribution of the case teaching notes and other restricted materials to any other party is prohibited.
Effects of Carbamazepine/Oxycodone Coadministration in the Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Siniscalchi Antonio , Gallelli Luca , Avenoso Tiziana , Squillace Aida , De Sarro Giovambattista 
Published: June 2011

OBJECTIVE: To report on a patient with trigeminal neuralgia who responded positively to combined carbamazepine/oxycodone treatment. CASE SUMMARY: A 48-year-old woman with a 4-month history of left facial pain consisting of episodes lasting less than 5 minutes was brought to our institution for clinical evaluation. Clinical, laboratory, and neuroradiologic findings led to a diagnosis of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia. Carbamazepine treatment was started at 200 mg every 12 hours and increased at discharge to 300 mg every 8 hours. Two weeks later the patient was readmitted with trigeminal neuralgia symptoms that had persisted since the previous admission, although they had decreased in intensity. Carbamazepine was reduced to 200 mg every 8 hours and oxycodone 5 mg every 12 hours was added to the treatment regimen, with a complete resolution of pain within 7 days. DISCUSSION: Pathophysiological mechanisms involved in both the genesis and the maintenance of trigeminal neuralgia have not yet been defined. Several hypotheses could explain this disorder, ranging from peripheral neural ectopic pacemaker to central disinhibition. Both the interruption of the sodium channel and the modulation of both κ-and μ-opioid receptors contributed to antinociceptive effects in trigeminal neuralgia. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with a combination of carbamazepine, a sodium channel blocker, and oxycodone, a mixed κ-and μ-opioid receptor agonist, may be useful in alleviating symptoms of trigeminal neuralgia.
Diagnostic value of pro-gastrin-releasing peptide for small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Hui-jie , Gu Ying , Chen Chu , Xu Can , Bao Yi-xi 
Published: June 2011

Abstract

Background: Lung cancer, of which 15%–20% is small cell lung cancer, is the leading cause of cancer mortality and shows a high incidence worldwide. While pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP) has been reported as a predictive diagnostic factor, it has not been widely accepted because of inconsistent conclusions. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate ProGRP as the diagnostic standard for small cell lung cancer.

Methods: All published studies on ProGRP in the diagnosis of small cell lung cancer from January 1994 to April of 2010 were retrieved. By measuring methodological qualities, 11 papers were selected for this study. The overall diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were used to evaluate ProGRP as the diagnostic standard for small cell lung cancer using Meta DiSc statistical software.

Results: There were 5146 subjects included in this meta-analysis. The sensitivity and specificity (95% confidence interval) of ProGRP was 0.716 (0.688–0.743) and 0.921 (0.909–0.932), respectively. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve of ProGRP was 0.9236. The index of Q* was 0.8575.

Conclusions: ProGRP has better sensitivity and high specificity as an auxiliary indicator for the diagnosis of small cell lung cancer.
Post-mortem biochemistry of vitreous humor and glucose metabolism: an update
Authors: Boulagnon Camille , Garnotel Roselyne , Fornes Paul , Gillery Philippe 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPost-mortem biochemistry, also called thanatochemistry, has proved useful in forensics for estimating the time since death and assessing the cause of death. Ketoacidosis is a frequent complication of diabetes mellitus which can be lethal, with possible medicolegal implications. However, interpretation of biochemical analyses is difficult because of post-mortem blood alterations involving glucose metabolic pathways. Vitreous humor is better preserved than blood after death, and therefore is preferentially used in thanatochemistry. However, both the lack of experience of most biochemists with this matrix in clinical practice, and the paucity of post-mortem studies make interpretation of post-mortem analyses difficult. This review examines the recent advances in the knowledge of glucose metabolism in vitreous humor, and the methods used for the post-mortem diagnosis of diabetic complications.
Development of a micro electrochemical cell forin-situdeposition of63Ni for use in electron capture detector (ECD) in gas chromatography
Authors: Dash Ashutosh , Udhayakumar J. , Kumar Manoj , Shukla Rakesh , Gandhi Shyamala S. , Tyagi A. K. , Venkatesh Meera 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn this work, we describe a novel electrochemical approach to deposit63Ni coatings on the inner surface of a copper annular ring for its application as an ionization source in electron capture detector of gas chromatograph. A description of the electrolytic cell, the process of deposition and the experimental set up used, analysis of the nickel deposit and results are presented in this article. Sources containing ∼370 MBq (∼10 mCi)63Ni could be prepared. The quality of the prepared source in terms of nonleachability, uniform distribution of activity and stability that are necessary before application were evaluated and found to be highly satisfactory.
Quantum computation and entangled state generation through a cavity output process
Authors: Xia Yan , Hu Chun , Song Jie , Song He-Shan 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
We propose a protocol to realize quantum phase gates and generate entangled states between two atoms trapped in one cavity. In Lamb-Dick limits, it is not necessary to require coincidence detections, which will relax the conditions for the experimental realization. The protocol can be generalized to generate N-atom entangled states.
Methylprednisolone release from agar-Carbomer-based hydrogel: a promising tool for local drug delivery
Authors: Rossi Filippo , Casalini Tommaso , Santoro Marco , Mele Andrea , Perale Giuseppe 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA number of studies and works in drug delivery literature are focused on the understanding and modelling of transport phenomena, the pivotal point of a good scaffold design for tissue engineering. Accurate knowledge of the diffusion coefficient of an active drug plays a key role in the analysis, prediction of their kinetics and formulation of efficient drug delivery systems. In this work, the kinetics of the release of methylprednisolone from agar-Carbomer hydrogel were studied taking into consideration the different drug concentrations and clearances typically achieved in in vitro or in vivo tests. Starting from the experiments it is possible to model the transport phenomenon and to calculate the diffusion coefficient through the hydrogel matrix.
Sensorless control of SRM at medium speed range
Authors: Urbański Konrad 
Published: June 2011

Sensorless control of SRM at medium speed rangeThe paper deals with the problem of position and speed estimation methods in SRM (Switched Reluctance Motor) drive equipped with hysteresis band current controller with MRAS (Model Reference Adaptive System) type observer. An adaptive flux model uses equation set of one-dimensional equations instead of one two-dimensional equation. The reference model is the formal one. Instead of measured current the observer utilizes reference current. Such drive system works well at speed range up to 600 rad/s. The observer's gains must change depend on the speed range. The robustness on motor parameter poor estimation is presented.
Numerical analysis of hysteresis loss in pulse transformer
Authors: Łyskawiński Wiesław , Sujka Piotr , Szeląg Wojciech , Barański Mariusz 
Published: June 2011

Numerical analysis of hysteresis loss in pulse transformerIn the paper, the mathematical model of coupled electromagnetic and thermal phenomena in the pulse transformer taking into account the magnetic hysteresis is presented. For the mapping of magnetic hysteresis, Jiles-Atherton model is applied. In order to solve field equations, the finite element method (FEM), "step-by-step" procedure and Newton-Raphson algorithm are used. Software elaborated on this basis is used for analysis of hysteresis loss in the core. Selected results of investigations are shown.
Deformation of earth's surface caused loading of tall building
Authors: Kollar P. , Mojzeš M. , Vaľko M. 
Published: June 2011

Deformation of earth's surface caused loading of tall buildingTall buildings can cause deformations of the earth's crust for long distances from the area of their realization. Monitoring the deformation of tall big buildings from geodetic networks realised near the building can also have deformations from this point of view, and analysis of the measurements can result in false conclusions. The loading effect of the earth crust must be excluded from the measurement parameters. The paper presents a model computation of the loading effect produced by tall buildings constructed of simple geometric forms on the earth's crust.
Algebraic Analysis of Minimal Representations
Authors: Kobayashi Toshiyuki 
Published: June 2011

Small representations of a group yield large symmetries in the representation space. Analysis of minimal representations utilizes large symmetries in their geometric models, and serves as a driving force in creating new interesting problems that interact with other branches of mathematics. This article discusses the following three topics that arise from minimal representations of the indefinite orthogonal group:
with emphasis on the prominent role of Sato's ideas in algebraic analysis.
Clinician preferences for verbal communication compared to EHR documentation in the ICU
Authors: Bakken S. , Vawdrey D.K. , Coiera E. , Currie L. , Collins S.A. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryBackground: Effective communication is essential to safe and efficient patient care. Additionally, many health information technology (HIT) developments, innovations, and standards aim to implement processes to improve data quality and integrity of electronic health records (EHR) for the purpose of clinical information exchange and communication.Objective: We aimed to understand the current patterns and perceptions of communication of common goals in the ICU using the distributed cognition and clinical communication space theoretical frameworks.Methods: We conducted a focus group and 5 interviews with ICU clinicians and observed 59.5 hours of interdisciplinary ICU morning rounds.Results: Clinicians used an EHR system, which included electronic documentation and computerized provider order entry (CPOE), and paper artifacts for documentation; yet, preferred the verbal communication space as a method of information exchange because they perceived that the documentation was often not updated or efficient for information retrieval. These perceptions that the EHR is a “shift behind” may lead to a further reliance on verbal information exchange, which is a valuable clinical communication activity, yet, is subject to information loss.Conclusions: Electronic documentation tools that, in real time, capture information that is currently verbally communicated may increase the effectiveness of communication.
Stress Corrosion Cracking of Sensitized Type 304 Stainless Steel in High Temperature Water under Gamma Ray Irradiation
Authors: Fujita Norihiko , Akiyama Mamoru , Tamura Takaaki 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Constant extension rate test (CERT) of sensitized type 304 stainless steel in a high temperature water has shown that both radiation exposure to γ-rays and dissolved oxygen (DO) significantly influence the susceptibility to intergranular stress corrosion cracking. IGSCC was accelerated by radiation exposure when high DO concentration water was employed in the CERT test but not when low DO concentration water was used. It has also been confirmed that preoxidation of tensile specimens in the same water quality as that of CERT has a marked influence on preventing material failure via IGSCC even under high DO concentrations.
Cathodic Protection of Bronze Propellers for Copper Nickel Surfaced Ships
Authors: Forrest Albert W. , Bicicchi Richard T. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The finite element method was employed to determine an acceptance method for cathodically protecting bronze propellers on a Cu-Ni surfaced slip. Experiments conducted in a water tunnel were used to establish the need for cathodic protection for this case and to determine the needed data. The analysis of the propeller geometry was accomplished by using a highly twisted wedge shape and periodic boundary conditions. A number of individual anode locations and multi-anode protection systems were investigated to determine the configuration with the least power dissipation. A method for establishing current requirements for each of the three anodes chosen was devised to ensure adequate protection for all of the propeller surfaces. These results were extended to cover a range of propeller diameters.
The Significance of External Polarization on Stress Corrosion Crack Growth by Anodic Dissolution
Authors: Doig P. , Flewitt P. E. J. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The influence of external polarization on the kinetics of stress corrosion cracking where growth is controlled by an anodic dissolution process has been evaluated analytically. The analysis predicts the distribution of electrode potential within a crack and theoretical results have been compared with experimental measurements recorded from a model electrode system. The influence of external polarization on the kinetics of crack growth in low alloy steel/hydroxide and aluminum alloy/acidic chloride systems has been evaluated.
Recording and Analysis of AC Impedance Data for Corrosion Studies
Authors: Mansfeld F. , Kendig M. W. , Tsai S. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Experimental approaches for recording ac impedance data are discussed in this paper. Considerations of the high frequency performance of potentiostats and reference electrodes are given and experimental results are presented. Additional methods for analysis of experimental impedance data are discussed, with emphasis on the CIRFIT computer program in which a semicircle is fitted to the experimental data in the complex plane. The systems Cu/3.5% NaCl + BTA and Al 2024/3.5% NaCl are discussed in more detail. Pitting of the Al alloy in neutral NaCl leads to a second time constant at low frequencies. Results for iron and Al 2024 in tapwater show that the low conductivity of this test medium does not present particular problems with the recording of ac impedance data.
Corrosion Fatigue of Nickel and Nickel-Base Alloys
Authors: Asphahani A. I. , Sridhar N. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The fatigue properties of commercially pure nickel, Ni-28Mo alloy, and Ni-16Cr-16Mo-4W alloy are established in air. The fatigue properties of nickel are affected by exposure to aqueous environment. The approximate fatigue life of nickel in air is reestablished upon increasing the pH. A corrosion fatigue critical current density of ≃1.2 µA/cm2 is determined for nickel in deaerated 4% NaCl solution. The Ni-28 Mo alloy suffers corrosion fatigue damage in 4% NaCl solution and in deionized water. The passive Ni-16Cr-16Mo-4W alloy shows better resistance to environmental fatigue than the Ni-28Mo alloy. This difference is discussed in terms of the electrochemical passive/active behavior of both alloys. Plasma coating of carbon steel specimens with Ni-16Cr-16Mo-4W powders improves their resistance to corrosion fatigue in 4% NaCl solution.
Effects of Sulfur Compounds on the Pitting Behavior of Type 304 Stainless Steel in Near-Neutral Chloride Solutions
Authors: Newman R. C. , Isaacs H. S. , Alman B. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Pitting potentials have been measured potentiodynamically for Type 304 stainless steel in neutral or mildly acidic solutions containing 0.25M NaCl and various concentrations of sulfur species from 0 to 2 molar. Additions of 0.01 to 0.02M Na2S2O3 lowered the pitting potential by more than 300 mV, while additions of more than 0.5M Na2S2O3 inhibited pitting. KSCN showed similar but less marked effects, while increasing Na2S additions up to 0.1 molar (giving H2S and HS− at neutral pH) caused an increasing reduction in the pitting potential. Additions of Na2S4O6 up to 0.05M promoted pitting, but addition of 0.01 M Na2SO3 had no effect. Parallel pitting potential measurements using a scratch technique gave lower values for the sulfur containing solutions but a higher value for the plain chloride solution; this effect of surface deformation was also reflected in the results obtained potentiodynamically on abraded and electropolished surfaces.
Impedance Measurement by Laplace Transformation of Microprocessor Obtained Data from Corrosion Cells
Authors: Williams Lindsay F. G. , Taylor Russell J. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Data obtained by a microprocessor devised to automate frequency response analysis of electrode systems have been treated by the Laplace transformation method. The method was applied to three corrosion systems. After checking the system with standard circuits and overcoming the problem of noise, the polarization resistance values so obtained for two of the systems, one activation and one diffusion controlled, compared closely with those from least-squares computer-fitting the polarization data about the corrosion potential. As expected, the diffusion controlled cathodic process at a rotating electrode did not result in a Warburg impedance. A 70:30 copper-nickel alloy in sea water produced a frequency response diagram which did not have a simple low frequency limit.
Stress Corrosion Cracking of Sensitized Type 304 Stainless Steel in High Temperature Chloride Solutions
Authors: Lin L. F. , Cragnolino G. , Szklarska-Smialowska Z. , Macdonald D. D. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The SCC susceptibility of sensitized Type 304 stainless steel was studied using slow strain rate tests in 0.01 M NaCl as a function of applied potential at temperatures ranging from 100 to 250 C. Potential-temperature domains in which purely IGSCC, simultaneous IGSCC and TGSCC, and IGSCC accompanied by pitting corrosion have been determined. A critical potential for IGSCC and its dependence upon temperature was measured. This critical potential is equal to the pitting potential at temperatures lower than 150 C, but at higher temperatures, it lies within the passive range of the alloy. Above 150 C, the potential for breakdown of passivity becomes independent of temperature and corresponds to the potential at which TGSCC occurs on sensitized and on quench-annealed material. Interrupted slow strain rate tests were conducted to determine the time at which intergranular cracks start to propagate. On the basis of these data, average intergranular crack propagation rates were calculated. An apparent activation energy of 29 ± 12 KJ/mol was determined in the temperature range 200 to 275 C. It was also found that propagating intergranular cracks can be arrested by changing the potential to a value which is lower than the critical potential.
A Study of High Temperature Carburization and Its Correlation with the Creep-Rupture Properties of a 30 Cr/30 Ni Austenitic Steel
Authors: Ramanarayanan T. A. , Petkovic-Luton R. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The interaction of environment with alloy microstructure can significantly alter the mechanical properties of the alloy. In this study, a 30 Cr-30 Ni austenitic steel was carburized under two different thermodynamic conditions whereby two distinct microstructures were developed at the same level of carburization. The response of the two microstructures to deformation by creep was investigated at 1000 and 1050 C. Upon carburization at 950 C, the resulting microstructure consisted of thick grain boundary carbides and fine M23C6 carbides in the vicinity of the grain boundaries, while a nonprotective MnCr2O4 layer developed on the alloy surface. Carburization at 1150 C, on the other hand, developed an M7C3 surface layer, also unprotective, while uniformly distributed coarse M23C6 carbides formed in the alloy interior. Creep tests showed that the former microstructure led to an enhancement of creep strength and time to rupture at the expense of rupture ductility. In the latter case, carburization drastically reduced both creep strength and time to rupture while improving ductility markedly. Mechanisms are suggested to explain the carburization process and the observed creep behavior.