bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expert opinion on the prescription practice of azelaic acid for the management of acne in various age groups in Indian settings
Authors: S Manjula , M Krishna Kumar 
Published: June 2024

Azelaic acid has been indicated to treat various common dermatoses including acne vulgaris, perioral dermatitis, inflammatory rosacea, melasma, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation due to its various modes of action and significant therapeutic efficacy.Considering the scientific advances contributing to the refinement of therapeutic options, it was important for clinicians to stay updated regarding the current treatment standards. This cross-sectional survey employed a multiple-response questionnaire to gather opinions of dermatologists who had experience in treating acne with a special focus on azelaic acid in Indian settings. There was a total of 28 queries and the majority of them were on the management of acne using azelaic acid monotherapy or in conjunction with oral antibiotics.The survey involved 467 participants, and 35% of them preferred the use of azelaic acid for the management of acne, melasma, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation disorders. About 6 to 8 weeks of optimal duration was recommended by 56% of the respondents for treating acne. Azelaic acid with glycolic acid was preferred by 66% of the respondents for acne treatment. Moreover, about 56% of the respondents preferred azelaic acid in combination with oral antibiotics for the treatment of mild-to-moderate papulopustular acne. Approximately 50% and 46% of respondents reported that they occasionally recommend topical azelaic acid as a treatment for keratosis pilaris and lentigo maligna, respectively. About 37% of the respondents preferred a daily dosage of 20% azelaic acid for the effective management of acne, melasma, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. For the treatment of mild-to-moderate papulopustular acne, the use of azelaic acid in conjunction with other oral antibiotics was advocated. Experts preferred a daily dosage of azelaic acid to achieve better treatment outcomes in patients with acne, melasma, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation where they also endorsed for acne management in pregnant women, emphasizing its safety and efficacy.
Platelet rich plasma therapy- Myth vs Reality
Authors: Karia Umesh Karsandas , Bhabhor Megha , Doshi Yashika Jayesh , Rajwadi Ashish Ashokbhai , Shah Bela Jashvantlal 
Published: June 2024

The transformative journey of Platelet-rich plasma, fueled by discovery of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF), underscores its regenerative potential. This comprehensive exploration delves into fundamental characteristics and applications with a focus on its growing prominence in dermatology and aesthetics. An open labelled interventional study was conducted at a tertiary health care centre in Western India to assess the efficacy and safety of PRP in various indications that mainly included patterned hair loss, post traumatic scars, acne scars, melasma and striae distensae. Patients were included in the study based on pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria. 6 sessions of PRP were conducted and response to therapy was evaluated using standard objective and subjective scores. The study included 60% female cases with most patients in the age group of 31-40 years (51.2%). For patterned hair loss, the mean change in hair count at end of therapy was significantly greater for baseline to final (P &#60; 0.005). For post-traumatic scars, the mean change in Vancouver scar score at end of 6th sitting was significantly greater for first visit to last visit (P &#60; 0.001). For melasma, the mean change in Modified MASI score at end of treatment was significantly greater for first visit to last visit (P &#60; 0.001). For acne scars and striae distensae, the mean change in objective assessment scores was significantly greater when compared to baseline (p&#60;0.001). Side effects were predominantly early, with 13.8% reporting pain and 10% a burning sensation, while late side effects were minimal at 3.8%. Subjective improvement was reported by 76.25% of cases, ranging from 51% to 75%. The study's results, while acknowledging certain limitations, emphasize PRP's potential efficacy in diverse dermatological conditions. The study underscores the correlation between dermatological conditions and treatment outcomes, highlighting the positive impact of PRP therapy.
The influence of society’s perception, social networking and social impact measurement on access to finance of social enterprises: Perspective of eThekwini Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Authors: Akoh Emmanuel 
Published: June 2024

The aim of this paper is to explore the influence of society’s perception, social networking and social impact measurement on access to finance for social enterprises’ activities. It broadens the theoretical understanding from the perspective of resource dependence theory. The study tested hypotheses to asertain the impact of society’s perception, social networking and social impact measurement on access to finance that enhances social enterprises’ activities. A quantitative research approach was adopted, using a snowball sampling technique to identify 90 owners/managers of social enterprises from three communities in the KwaZulu-Natal province. The data was examined with Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling. The study revealed that social impact measurement has a positive, but statistically insignificant impact on access to finance; there is a positive and statistically significant impact of social networking on access to finance; also, society’s perception has a positive and statistically significant impact on access to finance. The result does not support the moderation effect of society’s perception on social networking and access to finance. Therefore, this study recommends that government educate the society on the importance of social entreprise activities in KZN communities, which will enhance members of the societys’ willingness to provide financial assistance. In addition, there should be great emphasis on social networking among social enterprises as it provides crucial platforms to share relevant information on access to finance, which is essential in addressing sociatal challenges.
Guest Editorial: The Unavoidable Truth: The World's Growing Need for Oil
Authors: Ferrari Adam 
Published: June 2024

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In a world populated by over 8 billion people and counting, the demand for energy has never been higher. Despite the push from the green energy movement advocating for renewable sources like wind and solar, the harsh reality is that these alternatives alone cannot sustain the world's voracious appetite for power—not currently or in the foreseeable future.
The truth is that oil remains an indispensable and irreplaceable part of the global energy mix. According to Statista, more than 100 million bbl of oil are needed daily to meet the world's steadily rising energy requirements. From transportation and manufacturing to heating, electricity generation, and countless other vital applications, oil is the lifeblood that keeps modern civilization running smoothly.
As convenient, efficient, and highly energy-dense sources, natural gas and oil are simply unmatched by any currently available alternatives. This fundamental reality is what drives me to explore and drill for new oil reserves to help secure the energy supplies that will power human progress.

America’s Rising Importance in the Global Oil Equation
In the global quest to locate and extract new, viable oil supplies to meet escalating demand, the US has emerged as an increasingly vital player. With its well-developed infrastructure, business-friendly policies, and decades of industry experience, America provides an attractive environment for bringing new barrels of oil online more rapidly than many other regions around the world.
However, despite these advantages and increasing calls for greater domestic production, US oil companies have shown surprising restraint in substantially ramping up output, even with oil prices averaging around $90/bbl as of April 2024 before it "settled at $84/bbl on 2 May." There appears to be a concerning lack of investment and growth in American oil production at a time when the world is desperate for more supply.

The Relentless Pursuit of New Oil Reserves
As the CEO of an oil exploration and production company, I firmly believe that boldly pursuing new oil reserves is crucial to meeting the world's growing energy needs. It is this conviction that drives me and the rest of my team to uncover the next sources of oil to power human progress.
Through strategic exploration initiatives guided by the latest geologic data, cutting-edge drilling technologies, and an unwavering determination, we are seeking out untapped oil reserves. Our goal is not only to increase production levels but also to make a meaningful contribution to US oil output and global energy security.
While some industry voices chase fleeting trends or pander to mainstream narratives, our approach remains resolutely aligned with energy pioneers like Doug Sheridan, managing director and founder of EnergyPoint Research based in Houston, and Chris Wright, CEO and chairman of the board of Liberty Energy.
A New Magazine for a New Era: JPT and the Global Petroleum Landscape in 1949
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: June 2024

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In January of 1949, a new publication jostled for its place amidst the sudden abundance of titles devoted to technical professional associations. The publishing marketplace, like every other, was evolving daily in a world that hoped technological leaps never before imagined would not only leave behind recent global tragedy but also make its recurrence impossible.
Volume 1, Number 1 of the Journal of Petroleum Technology—then the official publication of the Petroleum Branch of the AIME—wore an efficient but striking clover-green-and-cream cover, its 92 pages containing sections devoted to editorials, AIME-wide developments, upcoming meetings, feature articles, and technical papers (including, famously, a paper on a new technique that author J.B. Clark dubbed “Hydrafrac”).
The teaser text for Branch Chair I.W. Alcorn’s inaugural Editorial Comment framed the new magazine as “the kingpin of a broadened branch program and a real force in strengthening the profession if members will but use it to carry opinion and incite action.”
As JPT celebrates its 75th anniversary, a brief review of the global petroleum landscape during its first year of publication casts new light on the magazine itself—and the lofty expectations attached to the industry it supported.

Europe: The Wall and the Well
Before a rebuilt world could be fueled by petroleum, the conditions of its peace had to be defined, and thus its eyes were on Europe in 1949. The Marshall Plan had enabled a major uptick in European oil production, such that Western Europe produced just over 11 million bbl in 1949 in countries such as the Netherlands, France, and the just-established Federal Republic of Germany.
More than a decade distant were offshore discoveries that would revolutionize Europe’s role in global petroleum, but at the time of JPT’s launch, Europe remained a potential trigger for a war that all were desperate to avoid—indeed, in the UK, wartime rationing had not yet ended, and in the year of JPT’s debut, the petrol ration was increased to allow a generous 180 miles per month.
While the globe remained in upheaval as anticolonial rebellions were launched—mostly against European empires—and attempts were made to fill power vacuums, the showdown between the West and the Soviet Bloc had solidified into a dangerous reality that cast a shadow over every nation. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was ratified in April, and the following month, the blockade of Berlin came to an end in what was seen as a major symbolic victory for the West, evident proof that its reliance upon technology could safeguard humanity.
Working To Solve the Permian Gas Conundrum
Authors: Wright Blake 
Published: June 2024

Reflecting on oilfield history as a whole, it wasn’t all that long ago that natural gas was treated more like a nuisance than a commodity, either an undesirable byproduct of an oil discovery or a letdown when it was encountered in a well instead of the targeted black gold.
It can complicate things when an operator is drilling for oil, especially during periods like now when crude prices are robust, but gas prices aren’t. Additionally, when oil is discovered, it often comes with associated natural gas. When producers turn the taps to get that oil into sales lines, the gas can be problematic if the limited takeaway capacity for transporting it is already stretched.
This is the current situation for many operators in the prolific Permian Basin of west Texas and south-east New Mexico.
Infrastructure constraints to ship natural gas out of the Permian combined with high storage levels due to a relatively mild winter are wreaking natural gas pricing in the region. Natural gas prices at the WAHA hub located near Fort Stockton, Texas, were below zero—negative $4.60/MMBtu as recently early May.
Not only did that mean that produced gas in the region was basically free, but the negative price also meant producers trying to move gas out of the region would have to pay someone extra to do it. That’s not good business. Of course, anyone looking to chase that offer would find no pipeline capacity to move the product.
The US Energy Information Administration (EIA) said in December 2023 that production of associated natural gas has nearly tripled since 2018 in the three top-producing tight oil plays in the Permian region. Associated natural gas from the Wolfcamp, Spraberry, and Bone Spring plays averaged a combined 13.7 Bcf/D in the first 7 months of 2023, up from an average of 4.7 Bcf/D in 2018, according to data from Enverus. Associated natural gas production has grown due to increases in both crude oil production and the volume of natural gas per barrel of oil that a well produces, the gas/oil ratio, among the oil wells in these three plays.
The cavalry is on the horizon, however. A handful of high-capacity Permian natural gas export projects are moving through various stages of development and aim be operational over the next few years.
First up is the giant Matterhorn Express pipeline, which will move gas from west Texas to Katy, Texas (just west of Houston) and connect with other pipelines. The project, led by WhiteWater Midstream, EnLink Midstream, Devon Energy, and MPLX, is roughly 80% complete and should come online in the second half of this year.
Energy Transfer’s Warrior pipeline is loading up on transport commitments and will move gas from the Permian to the Gulf Coast. This system is on track for a potential late-2024 final investment decision (FID).
Hydraulic Fracturing Optimizes Extraction of Reservoir Initially Considered Secondary
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: June 2024

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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 213110, “Hydrocarbon Production Enhancement on the Apaika-Nenke Field by Applying Hydraulic Fracturing as a Tool To Optimize the Extraction of Reservoir M2 Considered Initially as a Secondary Target,” by Franck Salazar and Nestor D. Vasconez, Schlumberger, and Christopher J. Mayorga, SPE, Petroecuador, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

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As a result of reservoir conditions in Ecuador’s Apaika-Nenke field, a hydraulic fracturing pilot project was executed with the aim of maximizing production. After an analysis of the laminated reservoirs, a technique was implemented that generates higher fracture conductivity to reduce the drawdown during production and improve the connection through the laminations. The successful implementation of channel fracturing led to this technique becoming the preferred completion method in the field for wells requiring stimulation.

Introduction
The Apaika-Nenke structure is in Orellana Province of the Amazonian region inside of Block 31. Initial production tests in Well Apaika-1X showed an oil rate of 1,201 BOPD from the M1 reservoir and 653 BOPD from the M2 reservoir. In the Nenke-1X well, the oil rate was 1,600 BOPD from M1 and 328 BOPD from M2. Because higher oil rates were obtained from M1, the development phase that began in 2013 targeted the M1 reservoir as its primary objective. However, Well Apaika-A14 produced 150 BOPD only from the M2 reservoir. The maximum production from the oil field was 22,107 BOPD from M1 and 262 BOPD from M2 in April 2016 but has declined to 2,692 BOPD from M1 and 657 BOPD from M2.
M1 is the main producing reservoir in Apaika-Nenke, which produces using conventional techniques. M2, however, was treated as a secondary target with low and difficult production levels; production from Well Apaika-A14 required hydraulic fracturing to reach commercial levels. This well raised the possibility of hydraulic fracturing in the M2 reservoir, opening doors for targets previously considered secondary.

Reservoir Characteristics
M2 is a highly shale-laminated sandstone with a glauconitic sequence. Shale/sandstone intercalations are found within the pay zone, a key feature for hydraulic fracturing.
Well Apaika-A14 in M2 produces 14.9 °API oil with salinity levels on the order of 2,000 ppm chloride, while Well Nenke-B1 produces 16.3 °API oil and salinity levels of 9,000-ppm chloride. Well Nenke-B2 produces 14.7 °API oil with salinity levels of 5,600-ppm chloride. This information indicates that the oil producing from M2 is heavy. The oil viscosity is 104 cp at 194°F.
A pore/volume/temperature analysis shows that the oil in the M2 reservoir is undersaturated and produces above the reported bubblepoint of 320 psi. The original reservoir pressure was 2,760 psi before initiation of hydraulic fracturing.
eIF5A and hypusination-related disorders: literature review and case report of DOHH-related encephalopathy.
Authors: Beltrán-Corbellini Álvaro , Valls-Carbó Adrián , Toledano Rafael , García-Morales Irene , Román Irene Sánchez-Miranda , Gil-Nagel Antonio 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) and hypusination-related disorders (eIF5A-HRD) are recently described diseases caused by pathogenic heterozygous variants in the translation factor EIF5A or biallelic variants in the two enzymes involved in the post-translational synthesis of hypusine in the eIF5A precursor, deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DOHH), necessary for its activation. We review the current knowledge regarding eIF5A-HRD, and report the case of the sixth and oldest known patient with DOHH-related disorder (DOHH-D), aiming to expand and discuss the molecular basis and the general and epilepsy phenotypes of this group of diseases.
Results
Literature review yielded one paper describing 7 individuals with eIF5A-related disorders (eIF5A-D), one reporting 5 subjects with DHPS-related disorders (DHPS-D) and one characterizing 5 individuals with DOHH-D. Main phenotypic features consisted of prenatal issues, hypotonia, dysmorphisms, microcephaly, moderate-severe neurodevelopmental disorders/intellectual disability and behavioral disorders. We report the case of a 24-years-old male with DOHH-D manifesting as Dravet-like syndrome. He displays microcephaly and neurodevelopmental delay with attention deficit with hyperactivity disorder, along with a happy demeanor. Basic language skills and ambulation capacity with crouch gait are preserved. Onset of epilepsy was at 8 months with refractory temperature-triggered hemiclonic seizures and status epilepticus, followed by nocturnal tonic-clonic seizures from adolescence. Fenfluramine was the most effective approach, reducing seizure intensity, duration and frequency, and contributing to cognitive and behavior improvements. No patient with eIF5A-D presented seizures. Taking our patient into account, 4/5 and 4/6 reported individuals with DHPS-D and DOHH-D, respectively, presented epilepsy. Seven out of 8 epilepsy patients debuted between 2 and 5 years, most of them presented developmental and epileptic encephalopathies or generalized epilepsies (5/8 with temperature or infection-triggered seizures), and 4/8 were refractory. We hypothesize that dysregulation of PRRT2 and EEF2K might contribute to the eIF5A-HRD phenotype.
Conclusions
eIF5A-HRD are recently described entities displaying neurodevelopmental disorders and microcephaly, and reported patients are scarce. More than 70% of DHPS-D and DOHH-D patients present epilepsy, 63% of them with temperature-triggered seizures. Valproic acid or fenfluramine may be effective. Rare homozygous or compound heterozygous missense variants in these genes should be screened in patients with encephalopathy and temperature-triggered seizures.
Evaluating the impact of biogenic nanoparticles and pesticide application in controlling Cotton Leaf Curl Virus Disease (CLCuD) in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors: Shafqat Usman , Yasin Muhammad Ussama , Shahid Muhammad , Hussain Sabir , Shahzad Tanvir , Mahmood Faisal , Ishfaq Aneeza , Nawaz Muhammad , Shah Adnan Noor , Ali Hayssam M. , Alsakkaf Waleed A. A. , Ercisli Sezai , Zeid Ahmed 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Cotton Leaf Curl Virus Disease (CLCuD) is one of the major concerns for cotton growers. The traditional approach to managing CLCuD involves the control of the vector (whitefly) population through the use of pesticides. In this study, the efficacy of nanoparticles was compared with pesticides. The present study was conducted to evaluate the comparative efficacy of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO nanoparticles), iron oxide nanoparticles (FeO nanoparticles), copper nanoparticles (Cu nanoparticles) and silver nanoparticles (Ag nanoparticles). Optimized doses of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO nanoparticles), iron oxide nanoparticles (FeO nanoparticles), copper nanoparticles (Cu nanoparticles) and silver nanoparticles (Ag nanoparticles) were applied in a field trial of cotton against Cotton Leaf Curl Virus Disease (CLCuD) in cotton. The study consisted of morphological parameters (height of stem, monopodial branches, sympodial branches, staple length, boll weight and number of bolls), yield parameters (seed cotton yield and ginning outturn), chlorophyll content (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids and total chlorophyll), biochemical parameters (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and electrolyte leakage) and disease parameters (reduction infection, disease severity and disease incidence).
Results
Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCuV) was detected by TAS-ELISA (Triple Antibody Sandwich-Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Pesticide reduced the infection as 79.3%. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO nanoparticles), iron oxide nanoparticles (FeO nanoparticles), copper nanoparticles (Cu nanoparticles) and silver nanoparticles (Ag nanoparticles) reduced the infection as 42.33%, 41%, 34.7% and 44.8% respectively. The statistical design for field trial was randomized complete block design (RCBD). One-way ANOVA was performed.
Conclusion
Although treatment pesticide showed the least disease incidence compared to nanoparticles. Nanoparticles are eco-friendly and safe as compared to pesticides. It is concluded that nanocomposites and hybrid modes may be used for managing CLCuD efficiently in the future.