bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An RNA Interference Screen Identifies the Deubiquitinase STAMBPL1 as a Critical Regulator of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Tax Nuclear Export and NF-κB Activation
Authors: Lavorgna Alfonso , Harhaj Edward W. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT
The human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax oncoprotein actively shuttles between the nucleus, where it interacts with transcriptional and splicing regulatory proteins, and the cytoplasm, where it activates NF-κB. Posttranslational modifications of Tax such as ubiquitination regulate its subcellular localization and hence its function; however, the regulation of Tax trafficking and NF-κB activation by host factors is poorly understood. By screening a deubiquitinating (DUB) enzyme small interfering RNA (siRNA) library, we identified the metalloprotease STAM-binding protein-like 1 (STAMBPL1) as a positive regulator of Tax-mediated NF-κB activation. Overexpression of wild-type STAMBPL1, but not a catalytically inactive mutant, enhanced Tax-mediated NF-κB activation, whereas silencing of STAMBPL1 with siRNA impaired Tax activation of both the canonical and noncanonical NF-κB signaling pathways. STAMBPL1 regulated Tax-induced NF-κB signaling indirectly by controlling Tax nuclear/cytoplasmic transport and was required for DNA damage-induced Tax nuclear export. Together, these results reveal that the deubiquitinase STAMBPL1 is a key regulator of Tax trafficking and function.
Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Induces Adipocyte-Like Lipogenesis through Activation of Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1
Authors: Yu Yongjun , Maguire Tobi G. , Alwine James C. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT
Sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) are essential transcriptional factors that control expression of lipogenic genes and adipocyte differentiation. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection has been shown to require the induction of lipogenesis. Here we show that the induction of lipogenesis and expression of key lipogenic enzymes in human fibroblasts occurs by 24 h post-HCMV infection. This activation correlates with increased cleavage of the SREBP1 precursors to form the mature active transcription factors that enter the nucleus to transcriptionally activate lipogenic genes. SREBP1 cleavage is normally inhibited by increased sterol levels; however, our data show that this level of control is overridden in infected cells to allow constitutive activation of lipogenesis. This process requires viral protein synthesis, since UV-irradiated HCMV cannot activate SREBP cleavage. The cleavage of SREBP1 requires it to be in complex with SREBP cleavage activation protein (SCAP). Depleting SCAP using short hairpin RNA (shRNA) showed that SREBP1 cleavage and the induction of lipogenic genes and lipid synthesis are all inhibited in HCMV-infected cells. As a result, production of infectious virions is reduced in SCAP-depleted cells. Thus, the SCAP-mediated mechanism for SREBP cleavage is utilized by HCMV during infection. Our studies suggest that HCMV induces adipocyte-like lipogenesis and overrides normal sterol feedback controls in order to maintain high levels of constitutive lipid synthesis during infection.
HIV-1 Neutralization Coverage Is Improved by Combining Monoclonal Antibodies That Target Independent Epitopes
Authors: Doria-Rose Nicole A. , Louder Mark K. , Yang Zhongjia , O'Dell Sijy , Nason Martha , Schmidt Stephen D. , McKee Krisha , Seaman Michael S. , Bailer Robert T. , Mascola John R. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTHIV-1 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) define key targets for vaccine development and are being considered for passive prevention of infection. We analyzed the interaction of MAbs to two independent epitopes on the viral envelope glycoprotein. Potently neutralizing MAbs to the CD4 binding site and V1V2 region displayed noin vitrocross-competition and displayed additive, though not synergistic, neutralization activity. Predicted neutralization coverage of a combination of two MAbs reached 97% on a 208-isolate panel.
Melanoma Cells Inhibit Natural Killer Cell Function by Modulating the Expression of Activating Receptors and Cytolytic Activity
Authors: Pietra Gabriella , Manzini Claudia , Rivara Silvia , Vitale Massimo , Cantoni Claudia , Petretto Andrea , Balsamo Mirna , Conte Romana , Benelli Roberto , Minghelli Simona , Solari Nicola , Gualco Marina , Queirolo Paola , Moretta Lorenzo , Mingari Maria Cristina 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a key role in tumor immune surveillance. However, adoptive immunotherapy protocols using NK cells have shown limited clinical efficacy to date, possibly due to tumor escape mechanisms that inhibit NK cell function. In this study, we analyzed the effect of coculturing melanoma cells and NK cells on their phenotype and function. We found that melanoma cells inhibited the expression of major NK receptors that trigger their immune function, including NKp30, NKp44, and NKG2D, with consequent impairment of NK cell–mediated cytolytic activity against various melanoma cell lines. This inhibitory effect was primarily mediated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Together, our findings suggest that immunosuppressive barriers erected by tumors greatly hamper the antitumor activity of human NK cells, thereby favoring tumor outgrowth and progression. Cancer Res; 72(6); 1407–15. ©2012 AACR.
A Dietary Pattern Associated with LINE-1 Methylation Alters the Risk of Developing Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Authors: Piyathilake Chandrika J. , Badiga Suguna , Kabagambe Edmond K. , Azuero Andres , Alvarez Ronald D. , Johanning Gary L. , Partridge Edward E. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThere is a paucity of research examining the relationships between dietary patterns and risk of developing precancerous lesions as well as biomarkers associated with such dietary patterns. The purpose of the current study was to identify dietary patterns that are associated with higher grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2+) and to determine whether these dietary patterns are associated with the degree of DNA methylation in the long interspersed nucleotide elements (L1s) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), a biomarker associated with risk of developing CIN 2+. Study population consisted of 319 child-bearing age women. Dietary patterns were derived by factor analysis. The degree of PBMC L1 methylation was assessed by pyrosequencing. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations between dietary patterns and CIN 2+. Similar models were used to evaluate the associations between dietary patterns and degree of PBMC L1 methylation in women free of CIN 2+. Women with the unhealthiest dietary pattern were 3.5 times more likely to be diagnosed with CIN 2+ than women with the healthiest dietary pattern [OR = 3.5; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.2–10.1; P = 0.02]. Women at risk for developing CIN 2+ with the healthiest dietary pattern were 3.3 times more likely to have higher PBMC L1 methylation than women with the unhealthiest dietary pattern (OR = 3.3; 95% CI, 1.0–10.6; P = 0.04). Our findings suggest that human papilloma virus associated risk of developing CIN 2+ may be reduced by improving dietary patterns. The degree of PBMC L1 methylation may serve as a biomarker for monitoring the effectiveness of dietary modifications needed for reducing the risk of CIN 2+. Cancer Prev Res; 5(3); 385–92. ©2012 AACR.
Modified Halocline Water over the Laptev Sea Continental Margin: Historical Data Analysis
Authors: Dmitrenko Igor A. , Kirillov Sergey A. , Ivanov Vladimir V. , Rudels Bert , Serra Nuno , Koldunov Nikolay V. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Historical hydrographic data (1940s–2010) show a distinct cross-slope difference of the lower halocline water (LHW) over the Laptev Sea continental margins. Over the slope, the LHW is on average warmer and saltier by 0.2°C and 0.5 psu, respectively, relative to the off-slope LHW. The LHW temperature time series constructed from the on-slope historical records are related to the temperature of the Atlantic Water (AW) boundary current transporting warm water from the North Atlantic Ocean. In contrast, the on-slope LHW salinity is linked to the sea ice and wind forcing over the potential upstream source region in the Barents and northern Kara Seas, as also indicated by hydrodynamic model results. Over the Laptev Sea continental margin, saltier LHW favors weaker salinity stratification that, in turn, contributes to enhanced vertical mixing with underlying AW.
A Comparison of Biomechanical Evaluations within Two Human Simulation Models
Authors: Stephens Allison , Kilduff Helen R. 
Published: January 2012

The use of simulation in the manufacturing environment is becoming more prevalent with the cost saving being realized in the elimination of costly prototype equipment and products. An additional benefit of manufacturing simulation is the ease of applying human simulation to the environment. If the expectation is only to see the human model interact with manufacturing equipment and facilities, then the decision of what human model is needed is not that difficult. Correct Anthropometry would be the main criteria. The potential to utilize human simulation to predict risk of injury is very possible if a true representation of the biomechanical human is simulated, thus making the selection of human model very critical. The human model must be truly modeled after the joints, bones and angles found in humans, not a robot modified to look like a human. This paper will discuss an evaluation process of two human simulation models currently available on the market.
Analysis of the Changes in Activity in a School after Installing SGQ ISO 9000
Authors: Ferraz Fernando Toledo , Mahler Claudio Fernando 
Published: January 2012

This paper is the result of a process of intervention in a special school for the mentally impaired. The team worked under the sponsorship of a state incentive program for disseminating quality in the Rio de Janeiro state organizations. The purpose of the intervention was to formalize administrative procedures and educational practices in the institution. After the school was awarded the ISO 9000 certificate, an assessment was made of the impact of this new system on the perceived workload and in the contents of the tasks performed by the people. The methodology used consisted of assessing the contents of activities at times before and after the implementation of the SGQ. A questionnaire was also used to assess the perception of the employees on changes with regard to the clarity of their roles, perceived work load, level of interpersonal conflict and facility to perform routine activities. The conclusions point to significant changes with regard to the clear understanding of the responsibilities and role of the employees. There seems to be no significant statistic changes regarding the workers' attitude towards the organization. The implementation of the SGQ, in its turn, does not seem to have significantly affected the levels of interpersonal conflict in the organization under study.
Quality Institutionalization in a Public Service Organization: Management Implications Derived from the City of Vienna Study
Authors: Korunka Christian , Scharitzer Dieter 
Published: January 2012

The goal of this study is to investigate the effects of the implementation of quality-related changes (New Public Management, NPM) in a public service organization on perceived quality institutionalization, customer satisfaction and employees' strain and satisfaction. The study was realized in a single-case longitudinal design. The case consists of a large municipal service organization responsible for the area's public housing system. Organizational changes include a comprehensive organizational restructuring process (including the opening of 10 customer service units), the development of a new, consequently customer-centered orientation, and a general process-and quality orientation. Measurements were taken in each of the service units before the organizational change, and in two stages of the change process. This paper focuses on management implications based on the results of this study.
Representing Nursing Knowledge: Applications for Database Design
Authors: Jones Josette , Brennan Patricia F. 
Published: January 2012

With the integration of health information available on the World Wide Web (WWW) in clinical practice, information management becomes more important than ever before. Although an on-line system could provide nurses with timely and convenient access to health information for discharge teaching, most nurses still rely on traditional practices such as written discharge notes and brochures. Nurses find the volume of information on the WWW overwhelming, the task of sorting out irrelevant and inaccurate information too difficult, and the time to search for information too long. Professional use of these resources requires an alternative organization, such as data repositories (i.e. electronic databases.) These are organized collections of information resources with indexes that support precise and sensitive retrieval. The paper reflects on consideration that organizing and indexing of on-line health information resources for professional use has a pragmatic facet: meet actual and future needs and requests for information. Hence, an information resource should not only be analyzed in and of itself, but should also be analyzed from the point of view of what questions it may or may not answer in the future. To search effectively, both indexers and searchers must understand the language used to represent the documents. The concepts that nurses most likely will use to seek information are domain-specific and reflect their practice. Several nursing knowledge representation systems or terminology models sexist but the question arises as to whether their understanding and use makes them adequate representations for consistently effective searches. The paper also reports on the results of indexing Web Pages using a medical (including nursing) controlled vocabulary (MeSH).
High Risk Tasks for Musculoskeletal Disorders in Agricultural Field Work
Authors: Meyers James M , Faucett Julia , Tejeda Diana G , Kabashima John , Miles John A , Janowitz Ira , Duraj Victor , Smith Rhonda , Weber Ed 
Published: January 2012

Agricultural work involves heavy physical exertion and is characterized by evidence of high rates of musculoskeletal disorders. Currently ergonomics is a low priority for injury and illness prevention in agriculture. However, based on costs and incidence rates ergonomics risk factors should rank among the highest farm safety priorities. Analysis of field work jobs by the University of California with support from NIOSH yield an industry generalizable set of high risk tasks which should have high intervention priority. These are: repetitive and awkward forward flexion, repetitive lifting and carrying heavy loads, and highly repetitive hand work.
Shoulder Muscle Load during Pushing and Pulling
Authors: Laursen Bjarne , Schibye Bente 
Published: January 2012

Substituting lifting with pushing and pulling generally reduces the disc compression in the low back. However, from a biomechanical point of view, pushing and pulling tasks are much more complex to analyse compared to lifting. Instead of being close to vertical, the force directions are virtually unknown, and may vary during different phases of the task. The relation between external force and internal load is not simple, as force direction and body posture may change accordingly. Further, focus has mainly been on the lumbar spine and not on shoulder load. Although the lumbar spine load is reduced, shoulder muscle load is not necessarily changed to the same extent during pushing and pulling compared to lifting. Therefore, shoulder load is brought into focus in a study of pushing and pulling. Seven male waste collectors pushed and pulled two-wheeled containers with up to 50 kg of waste. When performing one-handed pull behind the body, the force was up to 280 N, and the internal shoulder flexion moments were up to 80 Nm in the initial phase, close to the subject's maximum shoulder flexion moments. For the two-handed push in front of the body, the total force was up to 360 N, corresponding to approximately 180 N for each hand. Pushing caused lower shoulder moments, up to 34 Nm in the initial phase. During steady state, the total force was up to 230 N when pushing and 130 N when pulling. Shoulder moments were below 27 Nm when pulling and below 16 Nm when pushing (all results are given as mean of subjects). Regarding the relation between exposure and internal load, there was a positive relation between the magnitude of the hand force and the shoulder moment (r=0.48). For the compression in the lumbar spine there was no relation to the magnitude of the hand force (r=0.05). In conclusion, although loads on the low back during pushing and pulling are relatively small, loads on the shoulder muscles may be very high in some cases. Pushing and pulling may therefore be a risk factor for shoulder disorders.
Evaluating the Positional Stability of Motorcycle Helmets
Authors: Thom David R. , Ouellet James V. , Smith Terry A. , Hurt Hugh H. 
Published: January 2012

Traditional motorcycle helmet performance standards provide a test for the strength and stiffness of the retention system. While such tests assure adequate strength, they do not assure that the helmet will be retained in place on a motorcyclist's head, even when securely fastened. The reason is that the geometry of the retention system can allow the helmet to roll off when contact or inertial forces are generated in a collision. This ejection of motorcycle helmets during accident events has been widely noted by various researchers. Different types and styles of motorcycle helmets were tested to determine the susceptibility to roll off, i.e. “positional stability”. Tests were performed with two commonly used adult sizes of headforms corresponding to standards of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) and the International Standards Organization (ISO). The laboratory test results were validated by comparable tests on one hundred human subjects. The results of the human subject tests show a meaningful relationship to the laboratory test that employs a 10kg mass dropped 60cm to jerk the helmet forward to cause it to roll off. The results show that the geometry of the helmet retention system has a powerful effect on the ability of the helmet to resist forward roll off in both laboratory and human subject tests. Also, there is considerable difference in the retention characteristics between DOT and ISO headforms, with the DOT headform more closely corresponding to human subject data.
Equipment to Improve Man-Duties-Animal-Interaction in the Equine's Handler Work
Authors: Goebel Marilia 
Published: January 2012

Based on ergonometric analysis of the farrier's work, an ergonometric equipment was developed in order to facilitate the shoeing of small and big horses. We proposed an ergonometric approach, using the principles of human antropometry and physiology. Using the equipment We found the following results: impact reduction of the animal's weight on the farrier and groom, improvement of the handler posture, and reduction of work accidents during hoof treatment and horseshoeing The equipment aims at the reciprocal sensation of comfort (between man and animal) during the work. It represents an evolution in the task of shoeing since it reduces the work accidents incidence, it minimizes pains in articulations, bones and muscles. All this contributes for quality improvement and work time reduction. This equipment supplies a gap in the market, once there was not an equipment to attend the physical and mechanical needs found in the routine of people involved in horse shoeing and hoof care.
Ergonomics in Construction: Where Does it Hurt?
Authors: Smallwood John , Wheeler Claire , Venter Danie 
Published: January 2012

Construction requires, inter alia, bending and twisting, working in awkward or cramped positions, reaching away from the body and overhead, repetitive movements, handling heavy materials and equipment, use of body force, exposure to vibration and noise, and climbing and descending. Interviews conducted with workers using a structured questionnaire and a graphic inquiry determined, inter alia: the hands, feet and lower back are mostly used; the lower and upper back hurt most, and climbing and descending, and handling heavy materials predominate among ergonomic problems encountered.
Strategies to Identify Lifting Tasks in Scaffolding with Highest Priority for Intervention
Authors: van der Beek Allard J. , Mathiassen Svend Erik , Burdorf Alex , Windhorst Judith , Frings-Dresen Monique H.W. , van der Molen Henk F. 
Published: January 2012

The aim of this study was to compare ranking orders of scaffolders' tasks resulting from data obtained using four different measurement strategies. Tasks were ranked according to their physical load during lifting. The strategies were: 1) thorough application of the NIOSH lifting equation (NIOSH strategy), 2) thorough application of the lifting guideline for the Dutch construction industry (Arbouw strategy), 3) ‘quick and dirty’ application of the NIOSH lifting equation (practitioners' strategy), and 4) systematic observation. All strategies based on the NIOSH lifting equation (NIOSH, Arbouw and practitioners' strategy) resulted in about the same ranking order: transport-constructing-taking down. However, with respect to the task transport the results obtained by systematic observations were completely opposite from those obtained using the other strategies. The main underlying cause was that in the observations relative durations of tasks and lifting within the tasks played an important role in the ranking. The three other strategies were less sensitive to exposure duration.
Better Work Environment for Small Companies in Sweden
Authors: Sundström Lars 
Published: January 2012

The Department of Human Work Sciences at Luleå University of Technology, Sweden, has, since the autumn of 1991, been conducting a research project that offers a free advisory service regarding matters of the working environment to companies with fewer than 50 employees. The model used has offered the companies 16 hours' free advisory service and an additional 75 hours at half price. The project is financed by the Swedish Council for Work Life Research. We are offering this service to all types of small companies - both those, which produce goods and those, which produce services. A total of 148 small companies have contacted us. At present we are evaluating the improvement process in these companies. The material presented in this paper represents only a part of the evaluation. In the evaluation we have been interested in answering the following questions, among others. - Why is the company interested in issues concerning the working environment? - What advantages does the company derive from an improved working environment? - Does an improved working environment, with the introduction of new technology, result in any financial gains?