bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deliberate self‐harm and psychological problems in young adolescents: Evidence of a bidirectional relationship in girls
Authors: LUNDH LARS‐GUNNAR , WÅNGBY‐LUNDH MARGIT , BJÄREHED JONAS 
Published: May 2011

Lundh, L. G., Wångby‐Lundh, M. & Bjärehed, J. (2011). Deliberate self‐harm and psychological problems in young adolescents: Evidence of a bidirectional relationship in girls. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 52, 476–483.The purpose of this study was to test the hypotheses that there is a bidirectional prospective relationship between mental health and deliberate self‐harm, in the sense that (1) psychological problems are a risk factor for the development of self‐harm; (2) self‐harm is a risk factor for the development of psychological problems; and (3) the relative absence of psychological problems is a protective factor against the continued use of self‐harm in adolescents who have started to harm themselves. This was studied in a community sample of 879 young adolescents by means of a 2‐wave longitudinal design with a one‐year interval, with self‐harm measured by a nine‐item version of the Deliberate Self‐Harm Inventory (DSHI‐9r) and psychological problems by the self‐report version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The hypothesis of bidirectional relationship between psychological problems and self‐harm was supported among girls, but not among boys – although there was evidence of psychological problems as a risk factor of self‐harm in boys, the converse was not the case. The relative absence of psychological problems was found to be a protective factor against self‐harm only among boys, but not among girls. The results are discussed in terms of self‐harm having a different role in the development of psychopathology among girls than among boys.
Emotional difficulties in seventh grade children in Denmark
Authors: REINHOLDT‐DUNNE M. L. , ESBJØRN B. H. , HØYER M. , DAHL S. , BOESEN A. J. , HANSEN S. G. , LETH I. 
Published: May 2011

Reinholdt‐Dunne, M. L., Esbjørn, B. H., Høyer, M., Dahl, S., Boesen, A. J., Hansen, S. G. & Leth, I. (2011). Emotional difficulties in seventh grade children in Denmark. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 52, 433–439.The present study investigates the prevalence of emotional difficulties and quality of life in a sample of 834 children from 56 seventh grade (aged 12–14 years) classes. Data was derived from a study of mental well‐being developed by the National Council for Children, Denmark. The sample selection ensured that the children were nationally representative. Data was collected using the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the Health Behaviour in School‐aged Children (HBSC). Results indicated that 10.8% of children had concerns regarding emotional difficulties (6.6% definite concern; 4.2% some concern), and that significantly more girls than boys (44 girls and 10 boys) reported this concern. A novel finding was that emotional difficulties were related to children’s perception of having low quality of life. Findings furthermore suggested that children’s perception of a low home economy, less time spent on leisure activities, and female gender were all associated with emotional difficulties.
Self‐directed and interpersonal male violence in adolescence and young adulthood: a 30‐year follow up of a Stockholm cohort
Authors: Rojas Yerko 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn line with Wilkinson’s theory on inequality and health, this study simultaneously analyses self‐directed and interpersonal violence among men in a Stockholm birth cohort born in 1953 with respect to their early life experiences of stress, their lack of social connectedness and their relative deprivation. Multinomial logistic regressions with cluster‐robust variance estimates were used. Self‐directed violence was found to be related to self‐rated loneliness and non‐membership of voluntary associations but not to a lack of friendship in school at the age of 12–13, while the opposite was shown to be true for interpersonal violence. Growing up in a family that received means‐tested social assistance at least once during the period 1953–1965 was taken as an objective indicator of relative deprivation and proved to be correlated with both self‐directed and interpersonal violence. Disadvantaged social comparison at the age of 12–13, taken as a subjective indicator of relative deprivation, was only statistically related to a subsequent risk of interpersonal violence. It is suggested that different types of social connectedness and relative deprivation, respectively, explain these different patterns of violence. Furthermore, the study speculates on the possibility of frequent social comparison itself being a factor to consider when trying understanding violence in general.
LETTING REALITY BECOME REAL: On Mystery and Reality in Dietrich Bonhoeffer's Ethics
Authors: Nissen Ulrik Becker 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTIn Dietrich Bonhoeffer's Ethics the notion of reality plays a central role. The present article focuses on the ethical implications of the Chalcedonian Christology underlying this concept. This approach is tied to the debate on the relationship between the universal and specific identity of Christian social ethics in public discourse. In the opening section the article outlines the pertinence of this debate with regard to Bonhoeffer's Christological ethic. In the following section the article analyzes Bonhoeffer's concept of reality and the implied Chalcedonian traits. With this foundation established the article raises the question about its social ethical implications. The final part of the article argues that Bonhoeffer's ethics and ecclesiology cannot be separated from each other, explaining why Bonhoeffer's notion of reality leads to an assertion of the church's role in letting reality become real. In the light of Bonhoeffer's notion of reality the last section argues for the reconciliation of Christian witness and participation in public discourse.
Association of haplotype combination of serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms with monthly headache days in MOH patients
Authors: Terrazzino S. , Tassorelli C. , Sances G. , Allena M. , Viana M. , Monaco F. , Bellomo G. , Nappi G. , Canonico P. L. , Genazzani A. A. 
Published: May 2011

Objectives:  To evaluate the role of 5‐HTTLPR, STin2 VNTR, and rs1042173T>G polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) as susceptibility factors for medication overuse headache (MOH) and to assess their value as predictors of the number of headache days per month, a potential marker of disease severity.Methods:  Genotyping was performed by PCR and PCR‐RFLP on genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood of 227 MOH patients and 312 control subjects. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between the SL6A4 gene polymorphisms and MOH risk. The association between polymorphic variants and monthly headache days was evaluated by linear regression analysis.Results:  Logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age and gender, revealed a nominal association between rs1042173T>G and MOH risk (TT vs. TG + GG, OR: 1.58 95% CI: 1.05–2.37, P = 0.028). In the linear regression analysis adjusted for age, gender, primary headache diagnosis, acute drug overused and monthly drug number, STin2 VNTR was found nominally associated with monthly headache days (12/12 vs. others, difference: 1.55 days, 95% CI: 0.01–3.08, P = 0.050). When STin2 VNTR and rs1042173T>G were analyzed in haplotypic combination, a global haplotype association emerged with monthly headache days which remained significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (global haplotype association P = 0.0056).Conclusion:  Although a minor contribution of SLC6A4 variants in the genetic liability of MOH cannot be excluded, haplotype‐based analysis of STin2 VNTR and rs1042173T>G polymorphisms allowed to identify a subgroup of MOH patients with a higher number of monthly headache and, possibly, with a more severe disease.
Reminiscences, Patriotism, Participation: Approaching External Voting in Ecuadorian Immigration to Italy
Authors: Boccagni Paolo 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe paper explores the meanings and effects of external voting in the context of a recent migration flow ‐‐ of Ecuadorian migrants to Italy ‐‐ approached through an original fieldwork investigation. During the first long‐distance voting experience of Ecuadorian immigrants, in October 2006, an exploratory survey was conducted in the cities hosting polls in Italy. This provided an opportunity for an inquiry into the motivations and expectations underlying emigrants’ electoral participation, with a focus on their patterns of inclusion overseas and their transnational ties. While Ecuador has been appealing to emigrants as a non‐territorial “Fifth Region” with unbroken loyalties and citizenship rights, expatriates’ involvement was largely dictated by patriotism, homesickness and the desire to reproduce their social milieu abroad, rather than by a primary concern with political life in the motherland. A more nuanced understanding of emigrant transnational participation is hence advanced, appealing to categories such as visibility, recognition and communal identification, and with an emphasis on the processes reproducing and negotiating “Ecuadorianness” from overseas. The paper ends with some critical remarks on the scope for migrant political transnationalism, and on the agendas and expectations underpinning it.
Diversity in Transnationalism: Surinamese Organizational Networks
Authors: Mügge Liza M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis study of Surinamese organizational networks in the Netherlands examines how ethnic and religious diversity among migrants from the same “homeland” influences their transnational involvement on the collective ‐‐ that is, associational ‐‐ level. Taken together, ethnic and religious diversity were found to generate lowly institutionalized transnational activities that are narrow in scope and fleeting in duration. Diversity within the migrant group thus discourages practices that address the Surinamese state or society as a whole, while transnationalism geared at the ancestral homeland rarely goes beyond the symbolic level. By having the entire migrant organizational network in the country of residence as its sample, this article reveals not only which organizations are transnationally active, but also which ones are not. It thus avoids “sampling on the dependent variable” ‐‐ a key criticism of transnational migration scholarship.
Capital Structure: New Evidence from the Ownership Structure*
Authors: PINDADO JULIO , DE LA TORRE CHABELA 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper provides theory and empirical evidence supporting a complementary perspective on capital structure based on corporate ownership structure. According to our ownership view, capital structure is partly determined by the incentives and the goals of those who are in control of the firm. Our results strongly support this view. As a consequence of managerial entrenchment and rent expropriation phenomena, self‐interested agents (entrenched managers and controlling owners) chose the capital structure most appropriate for their own best interest. Additionally, we find evidence of an interaction effect between managerial ownership and ownership concentration, in particular, the larger debt increments promoted by outside owners when managers are entrenched.
Is the Negative Relation Between Leverage and Historical Market‐To‐Book Specific to US and Information and Communication Technology Firms?*
Authors: BRUINSHOOFD W. ALLARD , DE HAAN LEO 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the relationship between corporate capital structures and historical market‐to‐book ratios using panel data for US, UK, and continental European firms for the period 1991–2001. We confirm the negative effect on leverage found for the United States, but find that this effect is weak for the United Kingdom and continental Europe and moreover specific to information and communication technology (ICT) firms and the ICT boom episode in continental Europe.
The Degree of Judicial Enforcement and Credit Markets: Evidence from Japanese Household Panel Data*
Authors: HORIOKA CHARLES YUJI , SEKITA SHIZUKA 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTThe length of trials in Japan has become shorter over time. Theory predicts that better judicial enforcement (i.e., faster court proceedings) will decrease the probability of being credit rationed, increase loan size, and increase the probability of bankruptcy. Our estimation results based on micro data from a panel survey of consumers in conjunction with judicial data by court district show that better judicial enforcement increases the probability of being rationed in some cases and decreases loan size (contrary to expectation) but increases the probability of bankruptcy (as expected). Thus, better judicial enforcement facilitates the recovery of loans but may be socially harmful.
Eligibility for statutory learning disability services in the north‐west of England. Right or luxury? Findings from a pilot study
Authors: McInnis Erica E , Hills Alan , Chapman Melanie J 
Published: May 2011

Accessible summary
There are often rules about who can use learning disability services.
We used a questionnaire to ask clinical psychologists in the north‐west of England about the rules where they work. We also asked them what psychologists do when it comes to deciding about who can use learning disability services.
We found out that different places had some things in common in how they defined learning disabilities and how they decided who used services. However, there were also differences between different places.
Differences between different areas can make it difficult for people with learning disabilities if they move.
SummaryAccess to learning disability services in England is often governed by eligibility criteria. A semistructured questionnaire was completed by clinical psychologists in the north‐west of England about service eligibility criteria and psychologists’ role within the referral process to learning disability services. The survey highlighted both variations and similarities across the region in terms of definitions of learning disabilities, eligibility for accessing local services and the psychometric measures used to assess functioning. Differences in how services assess eligibility can lead to difficulties, for example when people move area. The use of standard eligibility criteria could be one means of overcoming this.
Lithuanian nurses’ assessments of their empowerment
Authors: Istomina Natalja , Suominen Tarja , Razbadauskas Artūras , Martinkenas Arvydas , Kuokkanen Liisa , Leino‐Kilpi Helena 
Published: May 2011

Scand J Caring Sci; 2012; 26; 3–11

Lithuanian nurses’ assessments of their empowermentAims and objectives:  The aim was to explore nurse empowerment and the factors associated with it from the viewpoint of surgical nurses.Design:  A multicentre cross‐sectional, descriptive, correlational study design was used.Setting and participants:  The data were collected from 11 units of seven largest Lithuanian hospitals located in three major cities during the period of 11/2007 to 01/2008. All the nurses (N = 270) working in the abdominal perioperative settings were invited to participate in the study; 247 questionnaires were returned giving the response rate of 91 %. The data were analyzed on the basis of 218 responses. The statistical analysis was performed by SPSS (12.0 version).Instruments:  Two instruments, both originally developed in Finland and adapted to the Lithuanian cultural context, were used: Nurse Empowerment Scale (NES) and Good Nursing Care Scale for Nurses (GNCS‐N).Results:  Surgical nurses evaluated their work empowerment positively. Several background factors were associated with nurse empowerment, such as nurse education, type of nurse license (working area), the continuing nurse education (completed courses during last 5 years), the workload at hospital, the work independence, and work satisfaction. The connection between nurse empowerment and quality of nursing care was also identified (r = 0.139–0.525, p < 0.01).Conclusions:  Surgical nurses feel empowered at their work when they have higher education and have completed the continuing education courses. Nurses should have possibility to continue their studies at the university. Independent at work, satisfied, and motivated nurses have more power at their work in the surgical units in Lithuania. However, further research is needed to explore nurse empowerment in other fields of nursing care nationally and internationally.
Pegylated interferon plus ribavirin therapy improves pancreatic β‐cell function in chronic hepatitis C patients
Authors: Huang Jee‐Fu , Dai Chia‐Yen , Yu Ming‐Lung , Huang Chung‐Feng , Huang Ching‐I , Yeh Ming‐Lun , Yang Jeng‐Fu , Hou Nei‐Jen , Hsiao Pi‐Jung , Lin Zu‐Yau , Chen Shinn‐Chern , Shin Shyi‐Jang , Chuang Wan‐Long 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackground/Aims:Pretreatment insulin resistance (IR) is associated with treatment response to peginterferon plus ribavirin (PegIFN/RBV) combination therapy in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection. However, the impact of PegIFN/RBV therapy on both IR and β‐cell function in CHC patients has rarely been investigated.Methods:A total of 277 non‐diabetic patients treated with PegIFN‐α and weight‐based RBV, with 80/80/80 adherence, were recruited. Their IR and β‐cell function by homeostasis model assessment model (HOMA‐IR and HOMA‐%B) before treatment and at 24 week after treatment [end of follow‐up (EOF)] was measured.Results:A sustained virological response (SVR) was achieved by 79.4% (220/277) of all patients: 63.6% (75/118) of genotype‐1 and 91.2% (145/159) of genotype‐non‐1 patients. There was no significant change of HOMA‐IR post‐therapy (2.25 ± 2.46 vs 2.04 ± 2.12,P=0.42). By contrast, there was a significant reduction of HOMA‐%B of all patients at EOF (122.9 ± 145.2 vs 92.4 ± 73.2,P=0.001), particularly in those responders (119.1 ± 142.1 vs 89.6 ± 70.3,P=0.002). In 80 patients with high baseline HOMA‐IR, both HOMA‐IR and HOMA‐%B decreased significantly at EOF, irrespective of SVR achievement.Conclusion:This study demonstrated pancreatic β‐cell function was ameliorated by PegIFN/RBV therapy in CHC patients, particularly in those responders.
Frames of Influence: U.S. Environmental Rulemaking Case Studies
Authors: Rinfret Sara R 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this article was to question whether interest group actions during the pre‐proposal stage of U.S. federal rulemaking influences the language proposed in natural resource agency rules. The influence of interest groups during this stage was examined across three case studies: (1) the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) critical habitat designation for Nebraska's Salt Creek tiger beetle, (2) the USFWS critical habitat designation for the Utah/Arizona Shivwits and Holmgren milk vetch, and (3) the USFWS delisting of the Northern Rocky Mountain gray wolf population from the endangered species list. To analyze these three cases, a frame analysis approach is used and offers evidence to support the proposition that the instructive, expertise, and fiscal feasibility frames that stakeholders used during the pre‐proposal stage can shape the language of a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking. These cases suggest the rich potential for careful study of the earliest stages in the regulatory and administrative rulemaking process in the United States and beyond.
Characterization of a new acne vulgaris treatment device combining light and thermal treatment methods
Authors: Joo Yeail , Kang Heesung , Choi Eung Ho , Nelson J. Stuart , Jung Byungjo 
Published: May 2011

Background/purpose: Conventional treatment methods for acne vulgaris have various side effects such as the development of bacterial resistance, phototoxicity, vertigo, gastro‐intestinal problems, and drug eruptions. To minimize such side effects, light and thermal methods have been alternately suggested. This study characterized a new acne vulgaris treatment device (AVTD) that combines both light and thermal methods and evaluated its clinical efficacy.
Methods: We characterized the thermal and light properties of the AVTD itself and evaluated its thermal characteristics in ex vivo porcine skin samples. The Arrhenius equation was used to calculate the skin thermal injury coefficient to confirm the skin safety of the AVTD. Finally, the clinical efficacy of the AVDT was evaluated by analyzing cross‐polarization and erythema index images, which were obtained from 13 volunteers undergoing treatment with the AVTD.
Results: The temperature of the AVTD itself was maintained at 49.1 °C on the tip and 39.7 °C in the porcine skin samples. The peak intensity of the light‐emitting diode (LED) light was observed at 468 nm. The skin safety of the AVTD was confirmed and 84.2% of the volunteers presented positive treatment results.
Conclusion: The treatment of acne using the AVTD resulted in a high treatment rate in a clinical study, minimizing side effects. On the basis of these results, we can be sure that the AVTD may be effectively used for the treatment of acne vulgaris.
Procedural sedation practices in Australian Emergency Departments
Authors: Bell Anthony , Taylor David McD , Holdgate Anna , MacBean Catherine , Huynh Truc , Thom Ogilvie , Augello Michael , Millar Robert , Day Robert , Williams Aled , Ritchie Peter , Pasco John 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjective: The aim of the present study was to describe procedural sedation practices undertaken in a spectrum of Australian EDs.Methods: Eleven Australian EDs enrolled consecutive adult and paediatric patients between January 2006 and December 2008. Patients were included if a sedative drug was administered for an ED procedure. Data collection was prospective and used a specifically designed data collection document.Results: 2623 patients were enrolled. 1581 were male (60.3%, 95% CI 58.4–62.2) and the mean patient age was 39.2 (SD 25.2) years. Reductions of fracture/dislocated shoulders (694 cases, 26.7%), wrist/forearm fractures (403, 15.5%) and tibia/fibula fractures (341, 13.1%) were the most common procedures. Procedures were supervised by consultants and registrars in 1424 (54.3%) and 1025 (39.1%) cases, respectively. Of 2413 patients with complete fasting status data, 1252 (51.9%, 95% CI 49.9–53.9) patients had consumed food or fluid in the previous 6 h. 1399 (53.3%, 95% CI 51.4–55.3) patients received pre‐procedural medication. Pre‐procedural morphine (894, 34.1%) exceeded fentanyl use (323, 12.3%), both as a sole agent and in combination with another agent. The principal sedatives used alone were propofol (857, 38.5%), midazolam (224, 10%) and ketamine (165, 7.4%). Ketamine and nitrous oxide were most commonly used in children with propofol, midazolam and opiates largely restricted to adults (P < 0.001). The intra‐procedural use of adjunct fentanyl exceeded that of morphine (ratio 4:1).Conclusions: Procedural sedation practice across Australian EDs is varies considerably. Procedural sedation ‘best practice’ guidelines, based upon the findings of the present study and the available evidence, are recommended.