bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical modelling of lumpy clay landfill
Authors: Najser J. , Mašín D. , Boháč J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTwo trial motorway embankments built on a landfill consisting of clayey lumps were monitored over the period of 3 and 5 years, respectively. The subsoil of the embankment was instrumented by hydrostatic levelling profiles, pore pressure transducers and depth reference points installed in boreholes. An advanced constitutive model for clays (hypoplastic model for clays with meta‐stable structure) was used for numerical modelling of both case histories. Basic hypoplastic model for clays was calibrated using isotropic compression tests and triaxial compression tests on reconstituted clay. Three additional model parameters describing the effects of lumpy structure were calibrated using oedometer tests on specimens prepared from scaled‐down lumpy material (material with smaller size of clay lumps). The performance of the model was evaluated by comparison with the results of the centrifuge model of self‐weight consolidated landfill. Finally, the hypoplastic model was used for simulation of both trial embankments and the results were compared with in situ measurements. The degradation of the lumpy structure of the upper layer of the in situ landfill due to weathering was back analysed using monitoring data. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Limiting equilibrium versus BS3D analysis of a tetrahedral rock block
Authors: Asadollahi Pooyan , Tonon Fulvio 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn order to analyze the stability of a 3D rock block using a limiting equilibrium method, some simplifications must be introduced, such as neglecting the effects of deformability of the rock block, fractures, and the surrounding rock mass, the progressive failure and the mobilization of shear strength of fractures, and changes in in situ stresses with block displacement. These limitations may cause some errors when calculating the factor of safety of the block. This paper quantifies the error caused by these simplifications comparing the results against those obtained with a numerical method (BS3D). In addition, the effects of the normal stiffness of the fractures, dilatancy, the tunnel radius, and the block size on stability of the tetrahedron are investigated using the numerical tool to demonstrate the importance of the effects eliminated by the limiting equilibrium approach. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nationwide survey of bisphosphonate therapy for children with reactivated Langerhans cell histiocytosis in Japan
Authors: Morimoto Akira , Shioda Yoko , Imamura Toshihiko , Kanegane Hirokazu , Sato Takashi , Kudo Kazuko , Nakagawa Shinichiro , Nakadate Hisaya , Tauchi Hisamichi , Hama Asahito , Yasui Masahiro , Nagatoshi Yoshihisa , Kinoshita Akitoshi , Miyaji Ryosuke , Anan Tadashi , Yabe Miharu , Kamizono Junji 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have suggested that Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is responsive to treatment with bisphosphonates (BPs). However the efficacy and safety of BPs therapy for childhood LCH is unknown.ProcedureData on children with LCH who had received BPs therapy were collected retrospectively from hospitals participating in the Japanese Pediatric Leukemia/Lymphoma Study Group.ResultsTwenty‐one children with histologically proven LCH were identified. Of these, the case histories of 16 children who had been treated with pamidronate (PAM) for disease reactivation were analyzed in detail. The median post‐PAM therapy follow‐up period was 2.8 years (range: 0.9–9.3 years). The median age at commencement of PAM therapy was 9.4 years (range: 2.3–15.0 years). All children had one or more bone lesions but none had risk organ (RO) involvement. In the majority of the children, six courses of PAM were administered at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg/course at 4‐week intervals. In 12 of the 16 children, all active lesions including lesions of the skin (n = 3) and soft tissues (n = 3) resolved. Of these children, eight children had no active disease for a median of 3.3 years post‐PAM therapy (range: 1.8–9.3 years). Progression‐free survival (PFS) was 56.3 ± 12.4% at 3 years. PFS was significantly higher in children with a first reactivation compared with children experiencing a second or subsequent reactivation.ConclusionsPAM may be an effective treatment for reactivated LCH with bone lesions. A prospective trial of the efficacy of PAM in recurrent pediatric LCH is warranted. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;56:110–115. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Childhood leukemia incidence in Brazil according to different geographical regions
Authors: de Souza Reis Rejane , de Camargo Beatriz , de Oliveira Santos Marceli , de Oliveira Juliana Moreira , Azevedo Silva Fernanda , Pombo‐de‐Oliveira Maria S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundResource‐rich countries tend to have a higher incidence of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), whereas lower rates are seen in more deprived countries. This study describes the incidence of childhood acute leukemia in Brazil, an upper middle‐income country, based on data from 16 population‐based cancer registries (PBCRs).ProcedureData were examined from 16 PBCRs in Brazilian cities located in five geographical regions during the period from 1997 to 2004. Incidence rates were analyzed according to gender, age, and type of leukemia. The Wilcoxon test was performed to evaluate for gender–age based difference between by leukemia type.ResultsThe median age‐adjusted incidence rate (AAIR) of leukemia in children aged 0–14 years old was 53.3 per million. A different AAIR was found regarding ALL and myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) that ranged from 24.8 to 76.84 per 1,000,000 children. Manaus, although located in a poor area of Brazil, exhibited the highest AAIR (56.6 per million) of ALL. Goiania had the highest AAIR (24.5 per million) of MPD. The median age‐specific incidence rate (ASIR) for the 16 Brazilian PBCRs demonstrated a marked peak in incidence of ALL at age 3 years old, in both genders.ConclusionsThis population‐based study of childhood leukemia demonstrates that substantial regional differences exist regarding the incidence of acute leukemia in Brazil, which warrants further ecological study. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;56:58–64. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of defect type on hydrogen passivation efficacy in multicrystalline silicon solar cells
Authors: Bertoni M.I. , Hudelson S. , Newman B.K. , Fenning D.P. , Dekkers H.F.W. , Cornagliotti E. , Zuschlag A. , Micard G. , Hahn G. , Coletti G. , Lai B. , Buonassisi T. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe examine the effectiveness of hydrogen passivation as a function of defect type and microstructure at grain boundaries (GBs) in multicrystalline silicon. We analyze a solar cell with alternating mm‐wide bare and SiNx‐coated stripes using laser‐beam‐induced current, electron backscatter diffraction, X‐ray fluorescence microscopy, and defect etching to correlate pre‐ and post‐hydrogenation recombination activity with GB character, density of iron‐silicide nanoprecipitates, and dislocations. A strong correlation was found between GB recombination activity and the nature/density of etch pits along the boundaries, while iron silicide precipitates above detection limits were found to play a less significant role. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An ab initio study of CX3‐substitution (X = H, F, Cl, Br, I) effects on the static electric polarizability and hyperpolarizability of diacetylene
Authors: Karamanis Panaghiotis , Maroulis George 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe report a systematic ab initio and density functional theory (DFT) study of the electric properties of the X3CC≡CC≡CH (X = H, F, Cl, Br, and I) sequence of substituted diacetylenes. We rely on finite‐field Møller–Plesset perturbation theory and coupled‐cluster calculations with large, flexible basis sets. Our best values at the second‐order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory level for the mean dipole polarizability and second hyperpolarizability are $\overline {{\alpha} } $/e2aE = 64.46 (CH3), 65.59 (CF3), 110.11 (CCl3), 138.90 (CBr3), 184.98 (CI3) and $\overline {{\gamma} } $/e4aE = 21020 (CH3), 13469 (CF3), 32708 (CCl3), 57599 (CBr3), and 105251 (CI3). For comparison, the analogous MP2 values for diacetylene [P.Karamanis and G.Maroulis, Chem. Phys. Lett. 2003, 376, 403.] are $\overline {{\alpha} } $/e2aE = 49.17, and $\overline {{\gamma} } $/e4aE = 16227. For the mean first hyperpolarizability we report $\overline {{\beta} } $/e3aE = −205.8 (CH3), −55.7 (CF3), 120.8 (CCl3), 443.8 (CBr3), and 725.4 (CI3). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A longitudinal qualitative study of the experience of working following treatment for gynaecological cancer
Authors: Grunfeld E. A. , Cooper A. F. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjective: There are an increasing number of gynaecological cancer survivors for whom returning to work is a realistic outcome. There is little research to date specifically examining the return to work experience of survivors of gynaecological cancers. The aim of this study was to explore gynaecological cancer survivors' experience of work over a 1‐year period post‐treatment.Methods: A total of 55 gynaecological cancer survivors completed a semi‐structured interview following completion of their treatment and of these 36 also completed a follow‐up interview 12 months later. In total, 91 interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Framework analysis of the transcripts was undertaken.Results: Three super‐ordinate themes were identified and these were labelled ‘Meaning of work’, ‘Disclosure of cancer diagnosis’ and ‘Readjustment’. Overall, there were few changes in working patterns between the two interview points with the majority of women returning to the same role. Although a desire to make work‐related changes was expressed at baseline, few women had initiated such changes 1‐year post‐treatment.Conclusions: Employees may experience difficulties due to residual symptoms, such as continuing fatigue, or as a result of unrealistic expectations about returning to full employment soon after treatment has completed. The results highlight the need for an intervention to support gynaecological cancer survivors to cope with long‐term residual symptoms and manage expectations about returning to work. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of uptake, translocation and metabolism on the differential selectivity between blackgrass and wheat for the herbicide pyroxsulam
Authors: deBoer Gerrit J , Thornburgh Scott , Gilbert Jeff , Gast Roger E 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Wheat shows selectivity to pyroxsulam, a new broad‐spectrum herbicide with high activity on blackgrass. Studies were performed to establish whether uptake, translocation or metabolism were responsible for the differential activity in wheat compared with blackgrass. In addition, the effect of the safener cloquintocet‐mexyl on metabolism was evaluated in wheat and blackgrass shoots.RESULTS: Root uptake of pyroxsulam in blackgrass was significantly higher than in wheat, suggesting a possible activity enhancement in blackgrass owing to root uptake. Translocation to foliage from root uptake as well as translocation out of treated foliage following foliar applications was low in wheat compared with blackgrass, likely owing to the rapid metabolism of pyroxsulam in wheat. Wheat metabolized pyroxsulam significantly faster than blackgrass to the less active O‐dealkylation product. Wheat shoots metabolized pyroxsulam faster when the safener cloquintocet‐mexyl was present, but cloquintocet‐mexyl did not increase the rate of metabolism in blackgrass.CONCLUSIONS: The selectivity of pyroxsulam to wheat relative to blackgrass was connected primarily with differences in the rate of metabolism and generation of an inactive metabolite. Metabolism in wheat restricted subsequent movement of radioactivity out of the treated leaf. The rapid metabolism in wheat was increased by the addition of cloquintocet‐mexyl. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Traditional herbal remedies that influence cell adhesion molecule activity
Authors: Spelman K. , Aldag R. , Hamman A. , Kwasnik E. M. , Mahendra M. A. , Obasi T. M. , Morse J. , Williams E. J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMany traditional medicines have demonstrated immune activity, however, research has largely neglected their effects on cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). This review reports on extracts from 37 medicinal plant species, similar to or replicating traditional preparations, that up‐ or downregulate either gene or protein activity of CAMs. The majority of the investigations werein vitro, primarily of the immunoglobulin superfamily of CAMs, specifically intercellular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) and secondarily on the integrin (CD11b or MAC‐1) and selectin (E‐selectin and P‐selectin) families of CAMs. The following plant species have demonstrated modulation of multiple CAMs:Artemisia asiatica, Boswellia serrata, Canscora decussata, Cinnamomum povectum, Dehaasia incrassate, Ganoderma lucidum, Ginkgo biloba, Hypericum perforatum, Juglans regia, Lycopus lucidus, Panax notoginseng, Rheum undulatum, Salvia miltiorrhiza. Many other species have documented activity on one CAM. Currently there are limitedin vivo/ex vivoinvestigations, including a clinical trial onMahonia aquifolium. Although further evidence is needed, the data suggest that the reviewed botanical medicines may have the potential to provide therapeutic potential in disease processes involving CAMs. Additionally, the reported success of many of these plant extracts by traditional cultures and modern phytotherapists may involve the modulation of CAMs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deletion and contraction identities for the resistance values and the Kirchhoff index
Authors: Cinkir Zubeyir 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe establish identities, which we call deletion and contraction identities, for the resistance values on an electrical network. As an application of these identities, we give an upper bound to the Kirchhoff index of a molecular graph. Our upper bound, expressed in terms of the set of vertices and the edge connectivity of the graph, improves previously known upper bounds. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Oxidative Stress Mediates the Effects of Raman‐Active Gold Nanoparticles in Human Cells
Authors: Thakor Avnesh S. , Paulmurugan Ramasamy , Kempen Paul , Zavaleta Cristina , Sinclair Robert , Massoud Tarik F. , Gambhir Sanjiv S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPolyethylene glycol (PEG)ylated Raman‐active gold nanoparticles (PEG‐R‐AuNPs) consist of an interchangeable Raman organic molecule layer held onto a gold nanocore by a silica shell. PEG‐R‐AuNPs have been shown preclinically to increase the sensitivity and specificity of Raman spectroscopy, with picomolar sensitivity and multiplexing capabilities. Although clinical trials are being designed to use functionalized PEG‐R‐AuNPs in various applications (e.g., to target dysplastic bowel lesions during colonoscopy), the effects of these nanoparticles on human cells remain unknown. The occurrence and mechanisms underlying any potential cytotoxicity induced by these nanoparticles (0–1000 PEG‐R‐AuNPs/cell) are investigated in immortalized human HeLa and HepG2 cell lines at several time points (0–48 h) after exposure. Using fluorometric assays, cell viability (MTT), reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation (dichlorofluorescein diacetate), protein oxidation (protein carbonyl content), and total cellular antioxidant concentrations the concentrations (metmyoblobin‐induced oxidation of ABTS) are assessed. Analysis of lipid oxidation using an enzyme immunoassay (8‐isoprostane concentrations), gene expression of antioxidant enzymes using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions, and the intracellular location of PEG‐R‐AuNPs using transmission electron microscopy is also undertaken. PEG‐R‐AuNPs cause no cytotoxicity in either HeLa or HepG2 cells in the acute setting as ROS generation is balanced by antioxidant enzyme upregulation. Following prolonged exposures (48 h) at relatively high concentrations (1000 PEG‐R‐AuNPs/cell), nanoparticles are found within vesicles inside cells. Under these conditions, a minimal amount of cytotoxicity is seen in both cell lines owing to increases in cellular oxidative stress, most likely due to ROS overwhelming the antioxidant defenses. Evidence of oxidative stress‐induced damage includes increased lipid and protein oxidation. Although further in vivo toxicity studies are necessary, these initial encouraging results show that PEG‐R‐AuNPs cause minimal toxicity in human cells in the acute setting, which bodes well for potential future applications of these nanoparticles in living subjects.
Influence of α‐amylolysis on the formation of electron density inhomogeneities on the surface of starch granules
Authors: Sujka Monika , Jamroz Jerzy , Kwiatkowski Ryszard 
Published: November 2010

AbstractLow‐temperature nitrogen adsorption and SAXS were used to analyze the granule surface of wheat and rice starches before and after an action of Bacillus subtilis α‐amylase. Results obtained by the first method showed that α‐amylolysis caused surface changes arising of new pores or enlarging diameters of pores already existing. According to the SAXS results, the action of enzymes caused complete sharpening of a solid skeletal boundary in the case of wheat starch granules. Partial sharpening of this boundary in the case of rice starch granules could be attributed to the relatively high content of proteins in rice starch.
Framing evolution discussion intellectually
Authors: Oliveira Alandeom W. , Cook Kristin , Buck Gayle A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis study examines how a first‐year biology teacher facilitates a series of whole‐class discussions about evolution during the implementation of a problem‐based unit. A communicative theoretical perspective is adopted wherein evolution discussions are viewed as social events that the teacher can frame intellectually (i.e., present or organize as exchanges of an intellectual nature). Furthermore, we characterize teacher framing of evolution discussion in terms of five communicative components: focus, orientation, social structure, mood, and participatory nature. Our video‐based analyses revealed that the teacher paid little attention to the conceptual contents and history of evolutionary theory, framing evolution discussions as moderately playful and partially mandatory events focused mainly on student sharing of ideas (i.e., personal opinions) and polite communication of evolution. Within this framing, the teacher adopted the role of a neutral (though admittedly biased) facilitator with an intermediary expert status (less knowledgeable than evolutionary biologists) and who was legally required (though also inclined) to discuss evolution. The main significance of this study is that it provides new and useful insights into social phenomena such as respect, politeness, and humor in the context of evolution discussion as well as a robust theoretical framework for analyzing evolution discussion from a social perspective. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Inc. J Res Sci Teach 48: 257–280, 2011
Three‐dimensional cortical dipole imaging of brain electrical activity considering spherical and median planes
Authors: Hori Junichi , Koide Takeshi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractEquivalent cortical dipole layer imaging is proposed for high‐resolution electroencephalogram (EEG) visualization. Equivalent dipole layer distribution parallel to the brain surface has been used in previous head models. In the present study, the additional dipole distribution on the median plane is introduced to identify the three‐dimensional (3D) position and orientation of dipole sources. The parametric Wiener filter (PWF) using statistical signal and noise information was applied to solve an inverse problem of cortical dipole imaging. Simulations were performed in an inhomogeneous, concentric, three‐sphere volume conductor head model under various signal conditions. Cortical dipole imaging provided localized brain electrical activity with better spatial resolution compared to the scalp potential map. These simulation results suggested that the depth and orientation of individual dipole sources could be observed by mapping on both spherical and median planes. We applied the proposed imaging technique to human experimental data of the visual evoked potential (VEP) and obtained reasonable results that coincide with physiological knowledge. © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Development of visual perception
Authors: Johnson Scott P. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractProcesses of visual development that yield a view of the world as coherent and stable begin well before birth and extend over the first several years after the onset of visual experience. Infants are born capable of seeing and with specific preferences that guide the point of gaze to relevant portions of the visual scene to support learning about objects and faces. Visual development after birth is characterized by critical periods in many notable visual functions, and by extensive learning from experience and increasing control over eye movement systems.WIREs Cogni Sci2011 2 515–528 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.128This article is categorized under:Psychology > Perception and Psychophysics
Stata
Authors: Gutierrez Roberto G. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractStata is general‐purpose statistical software. Currently in version 11, Stata is known for its wide range of statistical routines, ease of data management, and publication‐quality graphics. Stata is available on virtually all computing platforms, including Windows, Macintosh, and most varieties of Unix/Linux. It is designed to run on both 32‐bit and 64‐bit architectures and operating systems. Stata possesses both a command‐line interface and a point‐and‐click menu interface, with a one‐to‐one correspondence between the two. Stata appeals to researchers from a wide range of fields, with concentrations in the health sciences and in economics. Statistically, Stata strengths are in the areas of panel/longitudinal data, survival analysis, and the analysis of data from complex surveys. Users can program their own routines using a mixture of Stata's own interpretive language and the compiled matrix‐programming language Mata, included with all Stata installations. Stata is offered in three flavors: Stata/IC, a standard version adequate for most purposes; Stata/SE, an expanded version for use with larger (wider) datasets; and Stata/MP, a version with specialized code designed to make use of multiple cores/processors and run faster on systems that have them. WIREs Comp Stat 2010 2 728–733 DOI: 10.1002/wics.116This article is categorized under:

Software for Computational Statistics > Command Languages
Software for Computational Statistics > Software/Statistical Software