bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isotope separation by selective laser‐assisted repression of condensation in supersonic free jets
Authors: Eerkens Jeff W. , Kim Jaewoo 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSeparation of gaseous molecules in supersonic free jets by laser‐assisted selective condensation repression is reviewed. It is shown to have evolved from Becker's pre‐laser “Nozzle Separator” concept of 1956 by simple addition of a laser. Although useful to separate mixtures of dissimilar gases, the technique has mostly been applied to isotope separation. To enrich iSF6 for example, SF6 mixed with an inert carrier gas G is expanded through a nozzle into a low‐pressure chamber, where it forms a supersonic jet and creates van der Waals hetero‐ or homodimers SF6:G and SF6:SF6 if T < 150 K. By coaxial or cross irradiation of the free jet with a tunable laser, dimerization of selectively excited jSF6 is prevented. As radial out‐of‐the‐jet‐core diffusion depends on molecular mass, nondimerizable laser‐excited jSF6 monomers enrich the background “rim” gases, which are separated by a skimmer from much heavier nonexcited iSF6:G and iSF6:SF6 dimers in the jet's core. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Contextual factors for finding similar experts
Authors: Hofmann Katja , Balog Krisztian , Bogers Toine , de Rijke Maarten 
Published: February 2010

AbstractExpertise‐seeking research studies how people search for expertise and choose whom to contact in the context of a specific task. An important outcome are models that identify factors that influence expert finding. Expertise retrieval addresses the same problem, expert finding, but from a system‐centered perspective. The main focus has been on developing content‐based algorithms similar to document search. These algorithms identify matching experts primarily on the basis of the textual content of documents with which experts are associated. Other factors, such as the ones identified by expertise‐seeking models, are rarely taken into account. In this article, we extend content‐based expert‐finding approaches with contextual factors that have been found to influence human expert finding. We focus on a task of science communicators in a knowledge‐intensive environment, the task offinding similar experts, given an example expert. Our approach combines expertise‐seeking and retrieval research. First, we conduct a user study to identify contextual factors that may play a role in the studied task and environment. Then, we design expert retrieval models to capture these factors. We combine these with content‐based retrieval models and evaluate them in a retrieval experiment. Our main finding is that while content‐based features are the most important, human participants also take contextual factors into account, such as media experience and organizational structure. We develop two principled ways of modeling the identified factors and integrate them with content‐based retrieval models. Our experiments show that models combining content‐based and contextual factors can significantly outperform existing content‐based models.
A de novo designed 11 kDa polypeptide: Model for amyloidogenic intrinsically disordered proteins
Authors: Topilina Natalya I. , Ermolenkov Vladimir V. , Sikirzhytski Vitali , Higashiya Seiichiro , Lednev Igor K. , Welch John T. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA de novo polypeptide GH6[(GA)3GY(GA)3GE]8GAH6 (YE8) has a significant number of identical weakly interacting β‐strands with the turns and termini functionalized by charged amino acids to control polypeptide folding and aggregation. YE8 exists in a soluble, disordered form at neutral pH but is responsive to changes in pH and ionic strength. The evolution of YE8 secondary structure has been successfully quantified during all stages of polypeptide fibrillation by deep UV resonance Raman (DUVRR) spectroscopy combined with other morphological, structural, spectral, and tinctorial characterization. The YE8 folding kinetics at pH 3.5 are strongly dependent on polypeptide concentration with a lag phase that can be eliminated by seeding with a solution of folded fibrillar YE8. The lag phase of polypeptide folding is concentration dependent leading to the conclusion that β‐sheet folding of the 11‐kDa amyloidogenic polypeptide is completely aggregation driven. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 93: 607–618, 2010.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Two‐Photon Absorption Circular Dichroism: A New Twist in Nonlinear Spectroscopy
Authors: Toro Carlos , De Boni Leonardo , Lin Na , Santoro Fabrizio , Rizzo Antonio , Hernandez Florencio E. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractHerein we report on the full experimental measurement of the two‐photon absorption circular dichroism spectra of (S)‐(−)‐1,1′‐bi(2‐naphthol) and (R)‐(+)‐1,1′‐bi(2‐naphthol), their analysis, and theoretical support. The finding of new nonlinear optical fingerprints in chiral molecules offers new opportunities in the recognition and understanding of optically active systems in regions where CD could present strong limitations.
3‐Mercapto‐2,6‐Pyridinedicarboxylic Acid: A Small Lanthanide‐Binding Tag for Protein Studies by NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Man Bradley , Su Xun‐Cheng , Liang Haobo , Simonsen Shane , Huber Thomas , Messerle Barbara A. , Otting Gottfried 
Published: February 2010

AbstractParamagnetic effects from lanthanide ions present powerful tools for protein studies by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provided that the lanthanide can be site‐specifically and rigidly attached to the protein. A new, particularly small and rigid lanthanide‐binding tag, 3‐mercapto‐2,6‐pyridinedicarboxylic acid (3MDPA), was synthesized and attached to two different proteins via a disulfide bond. The complexes of the N‐terminal domain of the E. coli arginine repressor (ArgN) with seven different paramagnetic lanthanide ions and Co2+ were analyzed in detail by NMR spectroscopy. The magnetic susceptibility anisotropy (Δχ) tensors and metal position were determined from pseudocontact shifts. The 3MDPA tag generated very different Δχ tensor orientations compared to the previously studied 4‐mercaptomethyl‐DPA tag, making it a highly complementary and useful tool for protein NMR studies.
Nebivolol Efficacy and Safety in Patients with Stage I‐II Hypertension
Authors: Greathouse Mark 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundNebivolol is a novel, β1‐adrenergic receptor blocker with vasodilatory properties mediated through activation of the L‐arginine/nitric oxide pathway.HypothesisThis multicenter, double‐blind, parallel‐group, placebo‐controlled study investigated the antihypertensive efficacy and safety of nebivolol in patients with stage I through stage II hypertension (sitting diastolic blood pressure [SiDBP] ≥ 95 mm Hg and ≤ 109 mm Hg).MethodsA total of 811 patients were randomized to placebo or nebivolol 5 mg, 10 mg, or 20 mg once daily for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was the reduction in mean trough SiDBP from baseline.ResultsAt study end, the least squares mean reductions in trough SiDBP from baseline with nebivolol 5 mg, 10 mg, and 20 mg were − 7.8 mm Hg, − 8.5 mm Hg, and − 9.1 mm Hg, respectively, compared with − 4.6 mm Hg for placebo (P= .002 for nebivolol 5 mg,P<.001 for nebivolol 10 mg and 20 mg, vs placebo). Nebivolol treatment also produced reductions in trough sitting systolic blood pressure; however, only the 20 mg dose was statistically significant compared with placebo (−6.7 mm Hg vs − 0.4 mm Hg;P<.001). Response rates (defined as an average trough SiDBP < 90 mm Hg or a decrease by ≥ 10 mm Hg from baseline at the end of the study) ranged from 66.0% to 68.9% with nebivolol 5–20 mg, compared with 49.3% with placebo (P≤.009). Nebivolol 5 mg and 10 mg doses were well tolerated, with an overall adverse event incidence comparable to placebo.ConclusionsOnce‐daily nebivolol is an effective antihypertensive agent in patients with stage I‐II hypertension. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Circadian variation in radiation‐induced intestinal mucositis in patients with cervical carcinoma
Authors: Shukla Pragya , Gupta Deepak , Bisht Shyam Singh , Pant Mohan Chand , Bhatt Madan Lal , Gupta Rajeev , Srivastava Kirti , Gupta Seema , Dhawan Ankur , Mishra Deepti , Negi Mahendra Pal Singh 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Mucositis, a radiotherapy‐associated toxicity, is an important factor determining morbidity and treatment compliance. Gastrointestinal mucositis in patients undergoing radiotherapy may also depend on time of administration of radiation in addition to several other factors. The presence of any correlation between the severity of acute gastrointestinal mucositis in cervical carcinoma patients and the time of irradiation was prospectively evaluated.METHODS:A total of 229 patients with cervical carcinoma were randomized to morning (8:00‐10:00 AM) and evening (6:00‐8:00 PM) arms. The incidence of mucositis in the 2 arms was assessed and reported in terms of various grades of diarrhea.RESULTS:Overall (grade I‐IV) as well as higher grade (III and IV) diarrhea was found to be significantly increased in the morning arm as compared with the evening arm (overall: 87.39 % vs 68.18 %, P < .01; higher grade: 14.29% vs 5.45%, P < .05). Other radiation‐induced toxicity was also higher in the morning arm, but its occurrence in the 2 arms did not differ significantly (13.45% vs 12.73%, P > .05). After completion of treatment, patients' response to radiation in the 2 arms was similar (P > .05).CONCLUSIONS:The significant difference in the incidence of higher grade diarrhea between the morning and evening arms is indirect evidence of the influence of circadian rhythm on the intestinal mucosa of the human intestine. This knowledge may facilitate treating patients with decreased toxicity to the intestinal mucosa. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Average shape standard atlas for the adult Drosophila ventral nerve cord
Authors: Boerner Jana , Duch Carsten 
Published: February 2010

AbstractNeuroanatomy benefits from quantification of neural structures, i.e., neurons, circuits, and brain parts, within a common reference system. Recent improvements in imaging techniques and increased computational power have made the creation of Web‐based databases possible, which serve as common platforms for incorporating anatomical data. This study establishes a standard average shape atlas for the ventral nerve cord (VNC) of Drosophila melanogaster. This atlas allows for the registration of morphological, developmental, and genetic data into one quantitative 3D reference system. The standard is based on an average adult Drosophila VNC neuropil as labeled in 24 whole‐mount preparations with the commercially available antibody (nc82) recognizing the Drosophila Bruchpilot protein (Brp). For the standardization procedure no expert knowledge of brain anatomy is required and global thresholding as well as straightforward affine and elastic registration procedures minimize user interactions. Successful registration is demonstrated for tracts and commissures, gene expression patterns, and geometric reconstructions of individual neurons. Any structure that is counterstained with anti‐Brp can be registered into the standard, allowing for fast comparison of data from different experiments and different laboratories. In addition, standard transformations can be applied to gray scale image data, so that any confocal image stack that is colabeled with anti‐Brp can be analyzed within standardized 3D reference coordinates. This allows for the creation of putative neural connectivity maps and the comparison of expression patterns derived from different preparations. The standard and protocols for histological methods, segmentation, and registration procedures will be made available on the Web. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:2437–2455, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reproductive phase‐related variations in cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript (CART) in the olfactory system, forebrain, and pituitary of the female catfish, Clarias batrachus (Linn.)
Authors: Barsagade Vikas G. , Mazumdar Minakshi , Singru Praful S. , Thim Lars , Clausen Jes Thorn , Subhedar Nishikant 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe annual sexual cycle of Clarias batrachus is divisible into resting (December–January), preparatory (February–April), prespawning (May–June), spawning (July– August), and postspawning (September–November) phases. The gonosomatic indices rose steadily through the preparatory and prespawning phases, peaked in the spawning phase, and were greatly reduced during the postspawning and resting phases. A clear pattern of change was also identified in the immunocytochemical profile of the luteinizing hormone (LH) cells in the pituitary. These changes were correlated with the cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript (CART)‐immunoreactive system in the forebrain and pituitary. In the olfactory bulb, CART immunoreactivity in the terminal fields of the mitral cell layer, granule cells, and medial olfactory tracts gradually decreased during the resting through prespawning phases. However, it was considerably augmented during spawning (P < 0.001) and showed highest activity in the postspawning phase (P < 0.001). A different pattern was noticed in the fibers and/or neurons of the lateral part of ventral telencephalic area, the entopeduncular nucleus, and the dorsal part of the nucleus preopticus periventricularis. In these areas, intense immunoreactivity seen in preparatory phase, declined during prespawning (P < 0.01) then through spawning, and was partially augmented during the postspawning and resting phases (P < 0.05). A similar pattern was also seen in the nucleus preglomerulosus lateralis and medialis, nucleus dorsalis posterioris of thalamus, lobobulbar nucleus, and the nucleus of posterior recess. CART was transiently expressed in LH cells in the pituitary during the preparatory period. We suggest that the CART system may play a role in triggering the brain–pituitary–ovary axis at the onset of the preparatory phase. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:2503–2524, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distribution of large terminal inputs from the primary and secondary somatosensory cortices to the dorsal thalamus in the rodent
Authors: Liao Chia‐Chi , Chen Ruei‐Feng , Lai Wen‐Sung , Lin Rick C.S. , Yen Chen‐Tung 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe present study was undertaken to determine the precise projection pattern from the primary (S1) and secondary (S2) somatosensory cortices to the posterior nuclear proper (POm) and ventroposterior thalamic nuclei (VP). The POm was previously shown to receive large boutons arising exclusively from layer V of the S1 barrel region. This descending input was proposed to play a key role, namely, as a driver, in shaping the receptive property of POm neurons. To determine whether other body parts and the S2 also contribute such unique inputs to the dorsal thalamus, anterograde neuroanatomical tracers were focally deposited in the S1 and S2 forepaw and whisker regions of rats and C57BL6‐Tg (GFPm)/Thy1 transgenic mice. Our major findings were that, 1) irrespective of body representations, both the S1 and the S2 provided corticothalamic large terminals to the POm with comparable morphological characteristics and 2) descending large terminals were also noted in particular subzones within the VP, including boundary and caudal areas. We concluded, based on these findings, that the rodent VP has three partitions: the rostral VP innervated by small corticothalamic terminals, the caudal VP with both corticothalamic small and large terminals, and a surrounding shell region, which also contained large terminals. Furthermore, assuming that the large terminal has a driver's role, we propose that particular subzones in the VP may play a role as a multiple‐order thalamic relay so that they can simultaneously coordinate with first‐ and higher‐order relays in the thalamocortical circuitry for processing somatosensory information. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:2592–2611, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐term recognition memory of individual conspecifics is associated with telencephalic expression of Egr‐1 in the electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus
Authors: Harvey‐Girard Erik , Tweedle Jessica , Ironstone Joel , Cuddy Martin , Ellis William , Maler Leonard 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPrimates and songbirds can learn to recognize individual conspecifics based on complex sensory cues; this requires a large, highly differentiated dorsal telencephalon. Here we show that the electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus can learn to recognize individual conspecifics based on a simple cue, the beat frequency of their summed sinusoidal electric organ discharges (EOD). Male fish produce transient communication signals (chirps) in response to mimic EODs. The chirp response habituates over repeated stimulus presentations within one experimental session, continues to habituate over successive daily sessions and is nearly extinguished after 5–7 days. Habituation of the chirp response was specific to the presented beat frequency. The conversion of short‐ to long‐term habituation could be disrupted by cooling the head 30 minutes after the daily habituation trials. Consolidation of long‐term memory in mammals is thought to involve induced expression of an immediate early gene, Egr‐1. We cloned the Apteronotid homolog of the Egr‐1 gene and found that chirp‐evoking stimuli induced strong expression of its mRNA within the dorsal (Dd), central (DC), and lateral (DL) subdivisions of the dorsal telencephalon. Interestingly, the dorsolateral region is hypothesized to be homologous to the amniote hippocampal formation. We conclude that A. leptorhynchus can learn to identify individual conspecifics based on their EOD frequency and can remember these frequencies for several days. We hypothesize that this form of learning, as in primates and songbirds, requires a subset of dorsal telencephalic areas and involves a consolidation‐like process that includes the expression of the transcription factor AptEgr‐1. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:2666–2692, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cellular and subcellular localization of estrogen and progestin receptor immunoreactivities in the mouse hippocampus
Authors: Mitterling Katherine L. , Spencer Joanna L. , Dziedzic Noelle , Shenoy Sushila , McCarthy Katharine , Waters Elizabeth M. , McEwen Bruce S. , Milner Teresa A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractEstrogen receptor‐α (ERα), estrogen receptor‐β (ERβ), and progestin receptor (PR) immunoreactivities are localized to extranuclear sites in the rat hippocampal formation. Because rats and mice respond differently to estradiol treatment at a cellular level, the present study examined the distribution of ovarian hormone receptors in the dorsal hippocampal formation of mice. For this, antibodies to ERα, ERβ, and PR were localized by light and electron immunomicroscopy in male and female mice across the estrous cycle. Light microscopic examination of the mouse hippocampal formation showed sparse nuclear ERα and PR immunoreactivity (‐ir) most prominently in the CA1 region and diffuse ERβ‐ir primarily in the CA1 pyramidal cell layer as well as in a few interneurons. Ultrastructural analysis additionally revealed discrete extranuclear ERα‐, ERβ‐, and PR‐ir in neuronal and glial profiles throughout the hippocampal formation. Although extranuclear profiles were detected in all animal groups examined, the amount and types of profiles varied with sex and estrous cycle phase. ERα‐ir was highest in diestrus females, particularly in dendritic spines, axons, and glia. Similarly, ERβ‐ir was highest in estrus and diestrus females, mainly in dendritic spines and glia. Conversely, PR‐ir was highest during proestrus, mostly in axons. Except for very low levels of extranuclear ERβ‐ir in mossy fiber terminals in mice, the labeling patterns in the mice for all three antibodies were similar to the ultrastructural labeling found previously in rats, suggesting that regulation of these receptors is well conserved across the two species. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:2729–2743, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Induction of cellular growth by the axon guidance regulators Netrin A and Semaphorin‐1a
Authors: Flannery Ellen , VanZomeren‐Dohm Adrienne , Beach Paul , Holland Wendy Simanton , Duman‐Scheel Molly 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAlthough neurite outgrowth has been linked to axon guidance regulators, the effects of guidance molecules on cellular growth are not well understood. Use of the Drosophila wing imaginal disc, an epithelial tissue and a well‐characterized system for analysis of cellular growth regulation, permits analysis of the impacts of guidance molecules on cellular growth in a setting in which axon guidance is not a confounding factor. In this investigation, the impacts of Netrin A (NetA) and Semaphorin‐1a (Sema1a) signaling on cellular growth are examined during wing development. Levels of these genes were modulated in somatic clones in the developing wing disc, and clone areas, as well as individual sizes of clonal cells were assessed. NetA and Sema1a signaling were found to induce cellular growth in these assays. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analyses indicated that NetA and Sema1a signaling induce expression of several growth regulators, including myc, cycD, cdk4, PCNA, and MapK in the wing disc. These data illustrate that NetA and Sema1a can specifically promote growth through induction of key cellular growth regulators. The abilities of NetA and Sema1a to regulate cellular growth are likely critical to their functions in both nervous system development and oncogenesis. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 70:473–484, 2010
Hydrologic effects of the expansion of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) in a tropical catchment
Authors: Guardiola‐Claramonte Maite , Troch Peter A. , Ziegler Alan D. , Giambelluca Thomas W. , Durcik Matej , Vogler John B. , Nullet Michael A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis study investigates basin‐scale hydrologic implications of the replacement of forest‐dominated land cover by rubber plantations in Montane Mainland Southeast Asia. The paper presents a new method for estimating the water demand of rubber and consequently water losses to the atmosphere through rubber evapotranspiration (ET). In this paper we argue that rubber ET is energy‐limited during the wet season, but during the dry season water consumption is mostly governed by environmental variables that directly affect rubber phenology, namely, vapour pressure deficit, temperature and photoperiodicity. The proposed ET model is introduced into a hillslope‐based hydrologic model to predict the basin‐scale hydrologic consequences of rubber replacing native vegetation. Simulations suggest greater annual catchment water losses through ET from rubber dominated landscapes compared to traditional vegetation cover. This additional water use reduces discharge from the basin, or its storage. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.