bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential regulation of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle and liver of neonatal pigs by leucine through an mTORC1-dependent pathway
Authors: Suryawan Agus , Nguyen Hanh V , Almonaci Rosemarie D , Davis Teresa A 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Neonatal growth is characterized by a high protein synthesis rate that is largely due to an enhanced sensitivity to the postprandial rise in insulin and amino acids, especially leucine. The mechanism of leucine's action in vivo is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of leucine infusion on protein synthesis in skeletal muscle and liver of neonatal pigs. To evaluate the mode of action of leucine, we used rapamycin, an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex-1 (mTORC1). Overnight-fasted 7-day-old piglets were treated with rapamycin for 1 hour and then infused with leucine (400 μmol·kg-1·h-1) for 1 hour. Leucine infusion increased the rate of protein synthesis, and ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) and eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E-binding protein-1 (4E-BP1) phosphorylation in gastrocnemius and masseter muscles (P < 0.05), but not in the liver. The leucine-induced stimulation of protein synthesis and S6K1 and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation were completely blocked by rapamycin, suggesting that leucine action is by an mTORC1-dependent mechanism. Neither leucine nor rapamycin had any effect on the activation of the upstream mTORC1 regulators, AMP-activated protein kinase and protein kinase B, in skeletal muscle or liver. The activation of eIF2α and elongation factor 2 was not affected by leucine or rapamycin, indicating that these two pathways are not limiting steps of leucine-induced protein synthesis. These results suggest that leucine stimulates muscle protein synthesis in neonatal pigs by inducing the activation of mTORC1 and its downstream pathway leading to mRNA translation.
Differential regulation of MHC II and invariant chain expression during maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells
Authors: Landsverk Ole J B , Ottesen Anett H , Berg-Larsen Axel , Appel Silke , Bakke Oddmund 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACT
DCs are potent initiators of adaptive immune responses toward invading pathogens. Upon reception of pathogenic stimuli, DCs initiate a complex differentiation program, culminating in mature DCs with an extreme capacity to activate naïve T cells. During this maturation, DCs reduce the synthesis and turnover of MHC II molecules. This allows for a stable population of MHC II, presenting peptides captured at the time and place of activation, thus provoking specific immune responses toward the activating pathogen. The efficient loading of antigenic peptides onto MHC II is vitally dependent on the accessory molecule Ii, which aids in the assembly of the MHC II α- and β-chains in the ER and directs their trafficking to the endocytic compartments, where they encounter endocytosed antigen. However, Ii plays additional roles in DC function by influencing migration, antigen uptake, and processing. To examine the biosynthetic background for diverse Ii functions in DCs, we investigated mRNA and protein levels of Ii compared with MHC II in human moDCs during maturation using various stimuli. We find that the production of Ii did not correlate with that of MHC II and that mature DCs maintain abundant levels of Ii despite a reduced production of new MHC II.
Neuropsychological Performance in Survivors of Breast Cancer More Than 20 Years After Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Koppelmans Vincent , Breteler Monique M.B. , Boogerd Willem , Seynaeve Caroline , Gundy Chad , Schagen Sanne B. 
Published: February 2012

Purpose Adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer can have adverse effects on cognition shortly after administration. Whether chemotherapy has any long-term effects on cognition is largely unknown, yet it becomes increasingly relevant because of the widespread use of chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer and the improved survival. We investigated whether cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF) chemotherapy for breast cancer is associated with worse cognitive performance more than 20 years after treatment. Patients and Methods This case-cohort study compared the cognitive performance of patients with breast cancer who had a history of adjuvant CMF chemotherapy treatment (six cycles; average time since treatment, 21 years; n = 196) to that of a population-based sample of women never diagnosed with cancer (n = 1,509). Participants were between 50 and 80 years of age. Exclusion criteria were ever use of adjuvant endocrine therapy, secondary malignancy, recurrence, and/or metastasis. Results The women exposed to chemotherapy performed significantly worse than the reference group on cognitive tests of immediate (P = .015) and delayed verbal memory (P = .002), processing speed (P < .001), executive functioning (P = .013), and psychomotor speed (P = .001). They experienced fewer symptoms of depression (P < .001), yet had significantly more memory complaints on two of three measures that could not be explained by cognitive test performance. Conclusion Survivors of breast cancer treated with adjuvant CMF chemotherapy more than 20 years ago perform worse, on average, than random population controls on neuropsychological tests. The pattern of cognitive problems is largely similar to that observed in patients shortly after cessation of chemotherapy. This study suggests that cognitive deficits following breast cancer diagnosis and subsequent CMF chemotherapy can be long lasting.
CT fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous gastrostomy with loop gastropexy and peel-away sheath trocar technique in 31 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients
Authors: de Bucourt Maximilian , Collettini Federico , Althoff Christian E , Streitparth Florian , Greupner Johannes , Hamm Bernd , Teichgräber UK 
Published: February 2012

Background In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients with respiratory impairment and/or advanced disease, performing even mild sedation – as is usually necessary for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) placements – is fraught with risk. These patients are often referred to Interventional Radiology for alternative percutaneous gastrostomy tube placement options. Purpose To report our experience with CT fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous gastrostomy with a novel loop gastropexy and peel-away sheath trocar technique in ALS patients as an alternative to endoscopic techniques. Material and Methods A consecutive series of 31 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients in whom endoscopic gastrostomy was considered too dangerous or impossible to perform underwent CT-guided percutaneous gastropexy and gastrostomy and prospective follow-up. All procedures were performed with a 15 FR Freka® Pexact gastrostomy kit, a 16-row CT scanner (Aquilion 16) and single shot CT fluoroscopy mode. Results The procedure was performed successfully in 30 of 31 patients (20 men, 11 women; median age 60 years, range 38–80 years). In the remaining case the stomach was punctured under CT fluoroscopy and CO2 insufflation was initiated thereafter, leading to successful gastrostomy without prior gastropexy and without further adverse events during follow-up. Two patients reported unproblematic exchange of a balloon tube due to skin irritations with no further adverse events. One patient reported accidental displacement of an exchanged new balloon tube in domestic environment due to balloon leakage: A new balloon tube was easily re-inserted in a hospital the same day. No serious adverse events such as peritonitis, persistent local bleeding, systemic blood loss, or any local infection requiring surgical intervention were observed. Until August 11, 2011 follow-up resulted in 7473 cumulative gastrostomy-days from the date of first placement. Conclusion Initial results suggest that the described technique under CT guidance is feasible and safe and may especially be advantageous in cases where endoscopic gastrostomy and sedation are contraindicated.
MR angiography in tuberculous meningitis
Authors: Kalita Jayantee , Prasad Sreeram , Maurya Pradeep K , Kumar Sunil , Misra Usha K 
Published: February 2012

Background Infarctions in tuberculous meningitis (TBM) are common but there is a paucity of studies on MR angiography (MRA). Purpose To evaluate the pattern and predictors of MRA abnormality in patients with TBM. Material and Methods Sixty-seven patients with TBM were subjected to clinical, laboratory, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and MRA evaluation. The severity of meningitis, focal deficit, CSF findings, and stroke co-morbidities were recorded. Presence of exudates, infarction, hydrocephalous, and tuberculoma on MRI were noted. On intracranial MRA, occlusion or more than 50% narrowing of proximal middle cerebral artery (MCA), anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and posterior cerebral artery (PCA), and basilar artery were considered abnormal. The MRA abnormality was correlated with clinical, laboratory, and MRI findings. Results Sixty-seven patients, aged 3–75 years (median 34 years) were included. MRI was abnormal in 61 (91%) patients; basal exudates in 24, hydrocephalous in 23, tuberculoma in 33, and infarction in 40. MRA was abnormal in 34 (50.7%); MCA was most commonly involved ( n = 21), followed by PCA ( n = 14), ICA ( n = 8), ACA ( n = 5), basilar artery ( n = 5), and vertebral and superior cerebellar artery (1 each). One-fourth of the patients had abnormality in both anterior and posterior circulations. MRA abnormality was related to hydrocephalous and infarction; corresponding infarct was present in 61.8% patients; 41.7% patients with abnormal MRA developed infarct at 3 months but none with normal MRA. Conclusion Half the patients with TBM had MRA abnormality involving both anterior and posterior circulations and 61.8% of them had corresponding infarcts.
HPV Vaccine Recommendations
Authors:   COMMITTEE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES, Brady Michael T. , Byington Carrie L. , Davies H. Dele , Edwards Kathryn M. , Glode Mary P. , Jackson Mary Anne , Keyserling Harry L. , Maldonado Yvonne A. , Murray Dennis L. , Orenstein Walter A. , Schutze Gordon E. , Willoughby Rodney E. , Zaoutis Theoklis E. 
Published: February 2012

This Policy Statement was retired June 2015.
On October 25, 2011, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended that the quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine (Gardasil; Merck & Co, Inc, Whitehouse Station, NJ) be used routinely in males. The American Academy of Pediatrics has reviewed updated data provided by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices on vaccine efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness as well as programmatic considerations and supports this recommendation. This revised statement updates recommendations for human papillomavirus immunization of both males and females.
Elaboration of nanostructured and highly proton conductive membranes for PEMFC by ion track grafting technique
Authors: Gallino Enrico , Clochard Marie-Claude , Balanzat Emmanuel , Gebel Gerard , Morin Arnaud 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTIn order to develop a novel proton conductive membrane for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), a poly(vinyl di-fluoride) (PVDF) matrix was irradiated with swift heavy ions (SHI) to obtain radically active cylindrical latent tracks in the polymer film. Styrene was then radiografted and further sulfonated into these irradiated cylindrical regions, leading to sulfonated polystyrene (PVDF-g-PSSA) domains within PVDF. The role of the grafting degree and fluence of irradiation of the PVDF matrix on PVDF-g-PSSA membranes properties (chemical composition, ion exchange capacity) was investigated. Then, a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) was prepared and fuel cell tests have been performed. Our results clearly show that PVDF-g-PSSA membranes with a grafting degree of about 140%, obtained after irradiation at a fluence of 1010 ions/cm2, exhibit good conductivity values but their durability is limited to about 70 h. Decreasing the fluence leads to membranes with lower grafting yield but with fuel cell performances closer to those of 140% grafted PVDF-g-PSSA membrane and improved mechanical properties. Then, ion track grafting technique is a promising technique to obtain PEM with a good trade-off between proton conductivity and mechanical properties.
Multilayer Graphene-Based Carbon Interconnect
Authors: Yu Tianhua , Kim Edwin , Jain Nikhil , Yu Bin 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACT3D stacked (or uncorrelated) multilayer graphene (s-MLG) is investigated as a potential material platform for carbon-based on-chip interconnects. S-MLG samples are prepared by repeatedly transferring and stacking the large-area CVD-grown graphene monolayers, followed by wire patterning and oxygen plasma etching of graphene. We observed superior wire conduction of s-MLG over that of monolayer graphene or ABAB-stacked multilayer graphene. Further reduction of s-MLG resistivity is anticipated with increasing number of stacked layers. Electrical stress-induced doping technique is used to engineer the Dirac point, as well as to reduce graphene-to-metal contact resistance, improving the overall performance metrics of the s-MLG system. Breakdown experiments show that the current-carrying capacity of s-MLG is significantly enhanced as compared with that of monolayer graphene.
Automated Electron Microscopy for Mineralogical Characterization
Authors: Lastra Rolando 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTFull automation of electron microscopy is now a mature technology that is being applied internationally mainly for mineralogical characterization. This technology has increased the speed and reliability of the characterization of ores and mineral processing products. It allows developing the most appropriate beneficiation technology for a new ore body. It helps to determine the potential, the optimization and the limitations of mineral concentrator plants. It can also be applied to the betterment of the environmental management of the metallurgical residues. This presentation will discuss the main approaches for fully automated electron microscopy. Additionally, an application case is presented, focusing on the characterization of complex ore of rare earth minerals.
CASE REPORT - -Combined General and Spinal Anesthesia for Lumbar decompression in an
Opioid-intolerant Patient: Intra-operative Administration of Intrathecal
Bupivacaine via the Surgical Incision
Authors: D. Wilkins Stephen , A. Alston Theodore , Wang Jingping 
Published: February 2012

We illustrate repeat dosing of spinal anesthesia as a means to avoid opioids during lumbar surgery for a patient
intolerant of opioids.
A patient required redo lumbar surgery but had a marked history of nausea, vomiting and retching in response to opioids.
A propofol-based anesthetic was supplemented with intravenous ketamine and intrathecal bupivacaine. The first dose of
bupivacaine receded during the lengthy surgical procedure but was supplemented by means of a 25-gauge pencil-point
needle passed through the exposed dura. Postoperatively, there was no spinal fluid leak, no headache, and no nausea.
Supplementation of intrathecal anesthesia under direct dural vision during lengthy lumbar surgery is facile, can help to
obviate a need for opioids, and can aid in avoidance of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Investor Sentiment and Stock Market Response to Earnings News
Authors: Mian G. Mujtaba , Sankaraguruswamy Srinivasan 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT
We examine whether market-wide investor sentiment influences the stock price sensitivity to firm-specific earnings news. Using the recently developed measure of investor sentiment by Baker and Wurgler (2006), we find that the stock price sensitivity to good earnings news is higher during high sentiment periods than during periods of low sentiment, whereas the stock price sensitivity to bad earnings news is higher during periods of low sentiment than during periods of high sentiment. This influence of sentiment is especially pronounced for the earnings news of small stocks, young stocks, high volatility stocks, non-dividend-paying stocks, and stocks with extremely high and low market-to-book ratios. Further analysis suggests that the sentiment-driven mispricing of earnings contributes to the general mispricing of stocks due to investor sentiment.
JEL Classifications: D14; D21; G24.
Chief Audit Executives' Evaluations of Whistle-Blowing Allegations
Authors: Guthrie Cynthia P. , Norman Carolyn Strand , Rose Jacob M. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT
This study examines the effects of the source of whistle-blowing allegations and potential for allegations to trigger concerns about reputation threats on chief audit executives' handling of whistle-blowing allegations. The participants for this study, chief audit executives (CAEs) and deputy CAEs, evaluated whistle-blowing reports related to financial reporting malfeasance that were received from either an anonymous or a non-anonymous source. The whistle-blowing reports alleged that the wrongdoing resulted from either the exploitation of substantial weaknesses in internal controls (suggesting higher responsibility of the CAE and internal audit) or the circumvention of internal controls (suggesting lower responsibility of the CAE or internal audit). Findings indicate that CAEs believe anonymous whistle-blowing reports to be significantly less credible than non-anonymous reports. Although CAEs assessed lower credibility ratings for the reports alleging wrongdoing by the exploitation of substantial weaknesses in internal controls, they allocated more resources to investigating these allegations.
On finite retract lattices of monounary algebras
Authors: Jakubíková-Studenovská Danica , Pócs Jozef 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
For a monounary algebra (A, f) we denote R
∅(A, f) the system of all retracts (together with the empty set) of (A, f) ordered by inclusion. This system forms a lattice. We prove that if (A, f) is a connected monounary algebra and R
∅(A, f) is finite, then this lattice contains no diamond. Next distributivity of R
∅(A, f) is studied. We find a representation of a certain class of finite distributive lattices as retract lattices of monounary algebras.
The Middle Triassic marine reptile biodiversity in the Germanic Basin, in the centre of the Pangaean world
Authors: Diedrich Cajus 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe Middle Triassic fossil reptile localities near Bayreuth (Bavaria, southern Germany) consist of shallow marine autochthonous glauconitic marls and terebratulid-rich tempestite carbonates of the newly defined Bindlach and Hegnabrunn formations. Single bones and incomplete skeletons of marine reptiles have been recorded in bone beds within in the Illyrian and Fassanian stages. These include the remains of the sauropterygians Neusticosaurus sp., Lariosaurus cf. buzzii [1], Nothosaurus mirabilis [2], Paranothosaurus giganteus [2], Placodus gigas [3], Cyamodus rostratus [4], Cyamodus münsteri [5], Pistosaurus longaevus [6], and ichthyosaursOmphalosaurus sp., and Shastasaurus sp. or proterosaur Tanystrophaeus conspicuus [7]. New skeletal reconstructions are based on the osteological analysis of three dimensionally preserved bones and skeletal remains. The large number of marine endemic placodont macroalgae feeders (P. gigas) in the Bayreuth sites coincides with the presence of invertebrate palaeocommunities that are characteristic of macroalgae meadow paleoenvironments. Most of the reptile species and genera from the Bayreuth localities also occur in beds of similar ages from the Monte San Giorgio (Switzerland/Italy) or Perledo (Italy) lagoonal areas. Ichthyosaurs and pistosaurs were adapted for open marine conditions, and may have migrated from the Panthalassa Oceans into the shallow marine Germanic Basin to reproduce, whereas placodonts and many other sauropterygians seem to have lived permanently in those shallow marine habitats, with large squamates and thecodont or smaller archosaurs in coastal areas.
The effects of intensive rainfalls (flash floods) on the development on the landforms in the Kőszeg Mountains (Hungary)
Authors: Veress Márton , Németh István , Schläffer Roland 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe effects of the intensive rainfall episodes in the years 2009 and 2010 in the Kőszeg Mountains were investigated. Channel profiles were constructed at various times during these periods, which were used to describe the channel changes. We measured the length of the incised and filled sections on multiple occasions. We could establish the degree and the direction of the changes using this data. The sediment veneer that developed in the area of Kőszeg town was mapped and its conditions of development were examined. The erosion and accumulation landforms developed during these years were classified and described. These forms are the following: rills, gullies, alluvial fans and sediment veneer. We distinguished and characterised those which had previously formed, but they were changed or increased (the channels). We established the conditions under which the sediment veneer can develop, furthermore those conditions which can increase the chance of the formation of this landform. These conditions are the following: the high density of roads in the catchment areas of valleys leading to settlements, the great thickness of superficial deposit, and the steep slope of the surface of the catchment area. We created theoretical classification of the morphological environment where the development of sediment veneer may happen and identified settlements with structures which promote or prevent the development of the sediment veneer. We determined the probability of the development of the sediment veneer at some settlements in Kőszeg, and suggestions have been given to decrease the chance of the development of this sediment veneer.
Permanent anosmia and ageusia after resection of a left temporoinsular low-grade glioma: anatomofunctional considerations
Authors: Ribas Eduardo Santamaria Carvalhal , Duffau Hugues 
Published: March 2012

Five percent of the general population has olfactory or gustatory disorders, although most do not complain about it. However, in some cases, these symptoms can be disabling and may affect quality of life. Anosmia was reported as a possible complication following head injury and neurosurgical procedures, particularly after the resection of tumors located in the anterior fossa and the treatment of aneurysms in the anterior circulation. Nonetheless, in all of these situations, olfactory dysfunction could be explained by damage to the peripheral olfactory system.
Here, the authors report a case of complete anosmia associated with ageusia following awake resection of a low-grade glioma involving the left temporoinsular region, with no recovery during a follow-up of 3 years. The frontal lobe was not retracted, and the olfactory tract was not visualized during surgery; therefore, postoperative anosmia and ageusia are likely explained by damage to the cortex and central pathways responsible for these senses. The authors suggest that the patient might have had a subclinical right hemianosmia before surgery, which is a common condition. After resection of the central structures critical for smell and taste processing in the left hemisphere, the patient could have finally had bilateral and complete olfactory and gustatory loss.
This is the first known report of permanent anosmia and ageusia following glioma surgery. Because these symptoms might have been underestimated, more attention should be devoted to olfaction and taste, especially with regard to possible subclinical preoperative deficit.