bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF ADJUVANT THERAPIES BY AN H2‐RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST AND A PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR AFTER ENDOSCOPIC TREATMENT IN HEMOSTATIC MANAGEMENT OF BLEEDING GASTRODUODENAL ULCERS
Authors: SAKURADA TOMOYA , KAWASHIMA JUNICHI , ARIYAMA SHIGEKAZU , KANI KAZUHITO , TAKABAYASHI HIDEHIKO , OHNO SHINO , KATO SHINGO , YAKABI KOJI 
Published: July 2011

Aim:  Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is often associated with a higher risk of serious blood loss. Both H2‐receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors are commonly given intravenously for endoscopic hemostatic therapies. We compared the effects of a H2‐receptor antagonist (famotidine) and a proton pump inhibitor (omeprazole) injected during the early phase (the first 3 days) on cessation of bleeding and prevention of its recurrence in patients who underwent endoscopic therapy for gastroduodenal ulcer bleeding.Methods:  Consecutive patients who were hospitalized at our clinic with bleeding gastroduodenal ulcers and underwent endoscopic therapy were randomly assigned to receive injections of famotidine, omeprazole, or both. Injection of acid suppressants was switched on the fourth day to the oral administration of omeprazole continued for 8 weeks.Results:  Over a 25‐month period, 116 patients were enrolled. The overall success rate for endoscopic hemostasis was 115/116 (99.1%). The success rate of hemostasis and prevention of recurrent ulcer bleeding by type of acid suppressant following endoscopic hemostasis was 39/40 (97.5%) for Group 1 (3‐day omeprazole administration), 35/37 (94.6%) for Group 2 (3‐day famotidine administration), and 38/39 (97.4%) for Group 3 (1‐day famotidine and then 2‐day omeprazole administration), yielding an overall rate of 112/116 (96.6%). No significant difference in the hemostatic effect was observed among the groups. There were also no differences in the duration of hospital days and the number of fasting days between the three groups.Conclusion:  Famotidine and omeprazole injected during the early phase of a bleeding ulcer may have similar effects to an adjuvant therapy for preventing rebleeding from endoscopically treated upper gastrointestinal bleeding in Japanese patients.
CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ABNORMAL MICRO‐LESIONS AT THE ORO‐HYPOPHARYNX DETECTED BY A MAGNIFYING NARROW BAND IMAGING SYSTEM
Authors: TANAKA SHINWA , MORITA YOSHINORI , FUJITA TSUYOSHI , YOKOZAKI HIROSHI , OBATA DAISUKE , FUJIWARA SHOKO , WAKAHARA CHIKA , MASUDA ATSUHIRO , SUGIMOTO MAKI , SANUKI TSUYOSHI , YOSHIDA MASARU , TOYONAGA TAKASHI , KUTSUMI HIROMU , AZUMA TAKESHI 
Published: July 2011

Background:  Narrow band imaging (NBI) with magnifying endoscopy (NBI‐ME) allows the detection of abnormal micro‐lesions smaller than 5 mm in diameter in the oro‐hypopharynx that could not be visualized previously. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the clinicopathological characteristics of abnormal micro‐lesions of the oro‐hypopharynx detected by NBI‐MEMethods:  Of the 62 lesions detected by NBI‐ME, 40 abnormal micro‐lesions in 37 patients were removed by endoscopic treatment and were pathologically evaluated. We reviewed the medical records of patients with these lesions and investigated the relationship between NBI‐ME findings and pathological findings.Results:  Pathological examination revealed the following: high‐grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN) in nine (23%) lesions, low‐grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN) in 22 (55%), pharyngitis in seven (18%) and papilloma in two (5%). Two NBI‐ME findings, high microvascular density (MVD) and a brownish area (BA), were recognized more frequently as the grade of malignancy advanced. The likelihood ratio (confidential interval) for having HGIN in the patients with both MVD and BA was 13 (3.62–127).Conclusions:  The pathological diagnosis of abnormal micro‐lesions ranged from pharyngitis to HGIN. High MVD and BA may be important findings for grading the malignancy of abnormal micro‐lesions.
PROSPECTIVE SINGLE‐ARM TRIAL OF TWO‐WEEK RABEPRAZOLE TREATMENT FOR ULCER HEALING AFTER GASTRIC ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION
Authors: NIIMI KEIKO , FUJISHIRO MITSUHIRO , GOTO OSAMU , KODASHIMA SHINYA , MINATSUKI CHIHIRO , HIRAYAMA ITSUKO , MOCHIZUKI SATOSHI , ONO SATOSHI , YAMAMICHI NOBUTAKE , KAKUSHIMA NAOMI , ICHINOSE MASAO , KOIKE KAZUHIKO 
Published: July 2011

Aim:  Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) causes artificial ulcers, and there is no consensus regarding the degree of healing in ESD‐induced ulcers or the optimal duration of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the healing rates of post‐ESD ulcers in response to the protective effect of 2‐week PPI treatment.Methods:  Between February 2007 and March 2010, 75 patients/75 lesions and 55 patients/55 lesions were enrolled as interim and per‐protocol groups, respectively. All patients were prescribed rabeprazole (10 mg/day) orally for 16 days beginning on the day before ESD. Follow‐up endoscopy was carried out 8 weeks after ESD to evaluate ulcer healing. The primary end‐point was the healing rate of post‐ESD ulcers at 8 weeks after ESD. Secondary end‐points were the rate of post‐ESD bleeding with emergency endoscopy and the rate of other severe adverse effects during the study period.Results:  The transitional rate to scarring‐stage ulcers was 80.0% (44/55). Location in the lesser curve and large resected size (>40 mm) were statistically significant predictors for delayed ulcer healing by univariate analysis and the latter was still significant by the multivariate analysis. Post‐ESD bleeding occurred within 2 weeks in two cases (2.7%), but both cases were successfully managed with endoscopic hemostasis only. Severe adverse effects did not occur.Conclusions:  Two‐week administration of PPI for post‐ESD gastric ulcers may be sufficient to aid healing without increasing any adverse effects in cases where there are no possible deteriorating factors on ulcer healing, although large resection and/or resection in the lesser curve may result in delayed healing even after 8 weeks of ESD.
Linné’s floral clock is slow without pollinators – flower closure and plant‐pollinator interaction webs
Authors: Fründ Jochen , Dormann Carsten F. , Tscharntke Teja 
Published: July 2011

Ecology Letters (2011) 14: 896–904AbstractTemporal patterns of flower opening and closure within a day are known as Linné’s floral clock. Time of flower closure has been explained mainly by light in the traditional botanical literature. We show with a set of experiments that Asteraceae flower heads can close within three hours after pollination, whereas un‐pollinated flower heads stay open until the late afternoon. This suggests that closing time strongly depends on pollinators. Using plant‐pollinator interaction webs we further demonstrate that the daily pattern of flower opening and the rapid response to pollination can impose strong temporal dynamics on interspecific interactions within a single day. We observed pollinator species turnover and changes in facilitation vs. competition among plants. Our results show for the first time that pollination induces rapid flower closure on the community level. This causes imprecision in Linné’s floral clock with far‐reaching consequences for plant‐pollinator interactions.
Temperature dependence of the functional response
Authors: Englund Göran , Öhlund Gunnar , Hein Catherine L. , Diehl Sebastian 
Published: July 2011

Ecology letters (2011) 14: 914–921AbstractThe Arrhenius equation has emerged as the favoured model for describing the temperature dependence of consumption in predator–prey models. To examine the relevance of this equation, we undertook a meta‐analysis of published relationships between functional response parameters and temperature. We show that, when plotted in lin‐log space, temperature dependence of both attack rate and maximal ingestion rate exhibits a hump‐shaped relationship and not a linear one as predicted by the Arrhenius equation. The relationship remains significantly downward concave even when data from temperatures above the peak of the hump are discarded. Temperature dependence is stronger for attack rate than for maximal ingestion rate, but the thermal optima are not different. We conclude that the use of the Arrhenius equation to describe consumption in predator–prey models requires the assumption that temperatures above thermal optima are unimportant for population and community dynamics, an assumption that is untenable given the available data.
Ovarian folliculogenesis in the southern sea lion Otaria flavescens
Authors: Palma‐Cerda Francisco , Di Fiore Maria Maddalena , Sepúlveda Maritza , Duran Luis Rene , Raucci Franca 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPalma‐Cerda, F., Di Fiore, M.M., Sepúlveda, M., Duran L.R. and Raucci, F. 2011. Ovarian folliculogenesis in the southern sea lion Otaria flavescens. —Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 93: 444–452.In Otaria flavescens, folliculogenesis occurs within ovary cortex. This process attains successively higher level of organization through cell proliferation and differentiation. Here, we identified eight major follicular stages from I to VIII, plus corpus luteum and corpus albicans. Otaria folliculogenesis is divided into (1) primordial follicle recruitment; (2) pre‐antral follicle development; (3) growth of antral follicle; and (4) follicle atresia. The primordial follicle is surrounded by thin and flat granulosa cells. As recruitment occurs, granulosa cells organize into cuboidal monolayer marking the transition into pre‐antral phase. Pre‐antral phase (from stage I to stage V) is characterized by follicular growth and theca layer formation. The typical feature of the antral phase (from stage V to pre‐ovulatory Graafian follicle or stage VIII) is the formation of a fluid‐filled cavity (antrum) within the follicle. In the Graafian preovulatory follicle, theca cells organize two distinguishable layers surrounding the follicle. In gravid females, the corpus luteum persists. In nongravid females, the corpus luteum transforms into corpus albicans. The corpus albicans is formed by granulosa, thecal cells, and invading blood tissue. Our results provide a detailed histological description of follicular development in O. flavescens and add new knowledge to the reproductive biology of this species.
The use of estramustine phosphate in the modern management of advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Ravery Vincent , Fizazi Karim , Oudard Stephane , Drouet Ludovic , Eymard Jean‐Christophe , Culine Stephane , Gravis Gwenaelle , Hennequin Christophe , Zerbib Marc 
Published: July 2011

What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add?Estramustine phosphate has anti‐tumour properties and it improves patient outcomes if combined with other chemotherapy agents such as doeetaxel.The efficacy of estramustine phosphate in selected patients and its safety profile, provided used with any low‐molecular‐weight heparin support its use as a second‐line treatment in hormone‐resistant prostate cancer.OBJECTIVES
Estramustine phosphate is a nitrogen mustard derivative of estradiol‐17β‐phosphate and has anti‐tumour properties.
Interest in estramustine has been renewed because of the results of clinical studies showing improved patient outcomes if estramustine is combined with other chemotherapy agents such as docetaxel.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Relevant clinical studies using chemotherapy combinations including estramustine are discussed.
Efficacy and safety outcomes are summarized.
RESULTS
Combination therapy with estramustine and docetaxel can increase PSA response rates, improve quality of life and increase median patient survival compared with chemotherapy regimens that do not include estramustine.
Although the overall tolerability of estramustine is favourable, its use can be associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic events.
CONCLUSIONS
The identification of suitable patient groups and the effective management of the risk of thromboembolism with the adjunct of low‐molecular‐weight heparins support the use of estramustine as an effective second‐line treatment strategy in hormone‐resistant prostate cancer.
These promising findings warrant further investigation in a randomized clinical trial.
GermlineBRCAmutation does not prevent response to taxane‐based therapy for the treatment of castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Gallagher David J. , Cronin Angel M. , Milowsky Matthew I. , Morris Michael J. , Bhatia Jasmine , Scardino Peter T. , Eastham James A. , Offit Kenneth , Robson Mark E. 
Published: July 2011

Study Type – Prognosis (case series)Level of Evidence 4What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add?In the preclinical setting BRCA mutations appear to modulate response to chemotherapy, increasing sensitivity to platinums and increasing resistance to taxanes. Clinical data supports a greater platinum sensitivity among BRCA mutation carriers. This study suggests that BRCA mutation carriers may also respond to taxanes.OBJECTIVE• To investigate the relationship betweenBRCAmutation status and response to taxane‐based chemotherapy, sinceBRCAmutation carriers with prostate cancer appear to have worse survival than non‐carriers and docetaxel improves survival in patients with castration‐resistant prostate cancer.PATIENTS AND METHODS• We determinedBRCAmutation prevalence in 158 Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) men with castration‐resistant prostate cancer. Clinical data were collected as part of an institutional prostate cancer research database and through additional medical record review.• Clinical records and DNA samples were linked through a unique identifier, anonymizing the samples before genetic testing for the AJBRCA1/2founder mutations.• Response to taxane‐based therapy was defined by the prostate‐specific antigen nadir within 12 weeks of therapy.RESULTS• In all, 88 men received taxane‐based treatment, seven of whom wereBRCAcarriers (threeBRCA1, fourBRCA2; 8%). Initial response to taxane was available for all sevenBRCAcarriers and for 69 non‐carriers.• Overall, 71% (54/76) of patients responded to treatment, with no significant difference between carriers (57%) and non‐carriers (72%) (absolute difference 15%; 95% confidence interval –23% to 53%;P= 0.4).• Among patients with an initial response, the median change in prostate‐specific antigen was similar forBRCAcarriers (−63%, interquartile range −71% to −57%) and non‐carriers (−60%, interquartile range −78% to −35%) (P= 0.6).• At last follow‐up, all sevenBRCAcarriers and 49 non‐carriers had died from prostate cancer. OneBRCA2carrier treated with docetaxel plus platinum survived 37 months.CONCLUSION• In this small, hypothesis‐generating study approximately half ofBRCAcarriers had a prostate‐specific antigen response to taxane‐based chemotherapy, suggesting that it is an active therapy in these individuals.
TVT‐Secur mini‐sling for stress urinary incontinence: a review of outcomes at 12 months
Authors: Walsh Colin A. 
Published: July 2011

What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add?Although synthetic mid‐urethral slings are now generally accepted as the first‐line surgical treatment of female stress incontinence, there is concern that newer slings are being used prematurely, before sufficient evidence exists. The 3rd generation “mini‐slings” are inserted via a single incision which, theoretically, reduces iatrogenic morbidity. It is vital, however, that efficacy is not compromised. To date, a number of papers have examined short‐term outcome data following the TVT‐Secur, with wide variations in reported cure rates at up to one year.This is the largest review of outcomes following TVT‐Secur published to date (n= 1178 cases from 10 studies). Cure rate, both objectively and subjectively, was 76%, which is similar to more established mid‐urethral slings. Intra‐operative vaginal perforation rates and rates of mesh exposure in the first 12 months post‐operatively were both 2%. The incidence of de novo OAB was 10%. No serious complications were recorded amongst this large cohort. Although the TVT‐Secur appears to be a safe procedure, its long‐term efficacy moving forward requires close scrutiny.• Synthetic mid‐urethral slings (MUSs) are considered the first choice surgical procedure for stress urinary incontinence. Recent publications have raised concerns about the efficacy of third generation single‐incision mini‐slings. The present paper is a systematic review of studies reporting 12‐month outcomes after the TVT‐Secur (TVT‐S) procedure.• Pubmed/Medline online databases, abstracts from recent International Continence Society and International Urogynecological Association annual scientific meetings and the Clinicaltrials.gov and Controlled‐trials.com online trial registries were searched for English‐language articles containing the terms ‘TVT‐Secur’, ‘TVT Secur’ or ‘mini‐sling’. The primary outcomes were objective and subjective cure rates at 12 months. Secondary outcomes included peri‐operative (vaginal perforation, urinary retention, urinary tract infection [UTI]) and postoperative (mesh exposure, de novo overactive bladder (OAB), dyspareunia and return to theatre) complication rates.• Among 1178 women undergoing the TVT‐S procedure, from 10 studies, both objective and subjective cure rate at 12 months was 76%, with objective cure significantly higher in women undergoing the ‘U‐type’ approach. Vaginal perforation was a complication in 1.5% of cases, with a 2.4% incidence of mesh exposure in the first year. The incidence of de novo OAB symptoms was 10%. Rates of urinary retention (2.3%), UTI (4.4%), dyspareunia (1%) and return to theatre for complications (0.8%) were low. In the first year after a TVT‐S procedure 5% of women required repeat continence surgery.• Longer‐term studies and randomized comparisons with more established MUSs are required before TVT‐S should be routinely used in the surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence.
Theories and behavioural drivers underlying fleet dynamics models
Authors: van Putten Ingrid E , Kulmala Soile , Thébaud Olivier , Dowling Natalie , Hamon Katell G , Hutton Trevor , Pascoe Sean 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn the domain of decision‐support tools for the management of marine fish resources, considerable attention has been paid to the development of models explaining how fish stocks change over space and time. In most models, fishing effort is assumed to be exogenous and determined by factors such as management. Increasingly, there has been a call for bio‐economic models to also account for the dynamics of fishing fleets, recognizing that fishers respond to changing environmental, institutional and economic conditions. A growing literature has sought to explicitly model the endogenous determinants of the capacity of fishing fleets, the intensity of its use and its temporal and spatial allocation across fishing opportunities. We review this literature, focusing on empirical applications of the behavioural models that have been put forward to explain and predict observed fleet dynamics. We find that although economic factors are usually included as a dominant driver in most studies, this is often based on the use of proxy variables for the key economic drivers, for which adequate data are lacking. Also, while many studies acknowledge that social and social–psychological factors play a significant role in explaining observed fishing behaviour, their inclusion in fishing fleet dynamic models is still very limited. Progress in this domain can only be achieved via the development of multidisciplinary research programmes focusing on applied quantitative analysis of the drivers of fishing fleet dynamics.
Foraging arena theory
Authors: Ahrens Robert N M , Walters Carl J , Christensen Villy 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThere is a critical need for quantitative models that can help evaluate trade‐off decisions related to the impacts of harvesting and protection of aquatic ecosystems within an ecosystem context. Ecosystem models used to evaluate such trade‐offs need to have the capability of capturing the dynamic stability that can arise when predator‐prey interactions are restricted to spatial and temporal arenas. Foraging arenas appear common in aquatic systems and are created by a wide range of mechanisms, ranging from restrictions of predator distributions in response to predation risk caused by their own predators, to risk‐sensitive foraging behaviour by their prey. Foraging arenas partition the prey in each predator‐prey interaction in a food web into vulnerable and invulnerable states, with exchange between these states potentially limiting overall trophic flow. Inclusion of vulnerability exchange processes in models for recruitment processes and food web responses to disturbances like harvesting leads to very different predictions about dynamic stability, trophic cascades and maintenance of ecological diversity than do models based on large‐scale mass action (random mixing) interactions between prey and predators. Although a number of methods to estimate these critical exchange rates are presented, none are considered fully satisfactory. The most important challenge for the practical application of models that incorporate foraging arena theory today is not only developing new or improved methods for measuring exchange rates but also evaluating how such rates vary in responses to major fishery‐induced changes in abundances of predators.
Message sidedness in advertising: The moderating roles of need for cognition and time pressure in persuasion
Authors: KAO DANNY TENGTI 
Published: July 2011

Kao, D. T. (2011). Message sidedness in advertising: The moderating roles of need for cognition and time pressure in persuasion. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 52, 329–340.Persuasion has been extensively researched for decades. Much of this research has focused on different message tactics and their effects on persuasion (e.g., Chang & Chou, 2008; Lafferty, 1999). This research aims to assess whether the persuasion of a specific type of message is influenced by need for cognition (NFC) and time pressure. The 336 undergraduates participated in a 2 (message sidedness: one‐sided/two‐sided) × 3 (time pressure: low/moderate/high) between‐subjects design. Results indicate that two‐sided messages tend to elicit more favorable ad attitudes than one‐sided messages. As compared with low‐NFC individuals, high‐NFC individuals are likely to express more favorable ad attitudes, brand attitudes and purchase intention. Moderate time pressure tends to lead to more favorable ad attitudes than low time pressure and high time pressure. In addition, moderate time pressure is likely to elicit more favorable brand attitudes and purchase intentions than high time pressure, but does not elicit more favorable brand attitudes and purchase intentions than low time pressure. Furthermore, when high‐NFC individuals are under low or moderate time pressure, two‐sided messages are more persuasive than one‐sided messages; however, message sidedness does not differentially affect the persuasion when high‐NFC individuals are pressed for time. In contrast, one‐sided messages are more persuasive than two‐sided messages when low‐NFC individuals are under low or high time pressure, and two‐sided messages are more persuasive than one‐sided messages when low‐NFC individuals are under moderate time pressure.