bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gaining the trust of ‘highly resistant’ families: insights from attachment theory and research
Authors: Shemmings David , Shemmings Yvonne , Cook Alice 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTDespite being a contested and imprecise notion, the term ‘highly resistant families’ has grown in usage over the past few years. It refers, at one end of a spectrum, to parents who have been falsely accused of maltreating a child and to violent, even dangerous individuals, at the other. To complicate matters, the notion of false or ‘disguised’ compliance describes some family members who may confuse practitioners by appearing to co‐operate while merely going through the motions. Excluding parents who have been falsely accused, resistant or reluctant family members are likely to find considerable difficultly ‘mentalizing’– a concept similar to empathy, derived from contemporary applications of attachment‐based research – which we discuss in this paper. From an innovative study by Forresteret al., we noteen passantthat empathy was rarely observed when social workers were asked to enact a child protection referral in vignettes conducted by actors playing the role of parent. We summarize key neurobiological research underpinning pioneering new insights into empathy and mentalization, along with their implications for child protection social workers. We conclude by briefly outlining a promising mentalization‐based intervention already proving to be effective with reluctant or resistant parents.
Dip‐adaptive singular‐value decomposition filtering for seismic reflection enhancement
Authors: Porsani Milton J. , Ursin Bjorn , Silva Michelângelo G. , Melo Paulo E. M. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTWe present a singular value decomposition (SVD) filtering method for the enhancement of coherent reflections and for attenuation of noise. The method is applied in two steps. First normal move‐out (NMO) correction is applied to shot or CMP records, with the purpose of flattening the reflections. We use a spatial SVD filter with a short sliding window to enhance coherent horizontal events. Then the data are sorted in common‐offset panels and the local dip is estimated for each panel. The next SVD filtering is performed on a small number of traces and a small number of time samples centred around the output sample position. Data in a local window are corrected for linear moveout corresponding to the dips before SVD. At the central time sample position, we sum over the dominant eigenimages of a few traces, corresponding to SVD dip filtering. We illustrate the method using land seismic data from the Tacutu basin, located in the north‐east of Brazil. The results show that the proposed method is effective and is able to reveal reflections masked by ground‐roll and other types of noise.
cAMP response element‐binding protein 1 is required for hydroxyurea‐mediated induction of γ‐globin expression in K562 cells
Authors: Banan Mehdi , Esmaeilzadeh‐Gharehdaghi Elika , Nezami Majid , Deilami Zahra , Farashi Samaneh , Philipsen Sjaak , Esteghamat Fatemehsadat , Pourfarzad Farzin , Ali Imam AM , Najmabadi Hossein 
Published: April 2012

Summary

Hydroxyurea (HU) is a drug used for the treatment of haemoglobinopathies. Hydroxyurea functions by upregulating γ‐globin transcription and fetal haemoglobin (HbF) production in erythroid cells. The K562 erythroleukaemia cell line is widely used as a model system in which to study the mechanism of γ‐globin induction by HU. However, the transcription factors required for the upregulation of γ‐globin expression by HU in K562 cells have not been identified. Similarities between the HU and sodium butyrate (SB) pathways suggest cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB) 1 as a potential candidate. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the possible role of CREB1 in the HU pathway.
Experiments were performed using transient and stable RNA interference (RNAi) to show that CREB1 is necessary for HU‐mediated induction of γ‐globin expression and haemoglobin production in K562 cells.
Furthermore, western blot analyses demonstrated that CREB1 becomes phosphorylated in a dose‐dependent manner after HU (100–400 µmol/L) treatment of K562 cells for 72 h.
We also investigated role of a Gγ promoter CREB1 response element (G‐CRE) in this pathway. Quantitative amplification refractory mutation system–polymerase chain reaction experiments were performed to demonstrate that HU induces the expression of both Gγ and Aγ in this cell line. In addition, electrophoretic mobility shift assays were used to show that levels of CREB1 complexes binding to the G‐CRE site are increased following HU treatment and are decreased in CREB1‐knockdown cells.
The results suggest that CREB1 is necessary for γ‐globin induction by HU in K562 cells, a role that may be mediated, in part, through the G‐CRE element.
Capsaicin induces cycle arrest by inhibiting cyclin‐dependent‐kinase in bladder carcinoma cells
Authors: Chen Dong , Yang Zhonghua , Wang Yongzhi , Zhu Guanbin , Wang Xinghuan 
Published: April 2012

Objective:  Capsaicin is a specialized agonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 Ca2+ channel, a member of the vanilloid receptor family of cation channels. We aimed to investigate the effects of capsaicin on the proliferation and cell death of human bladder cancer cells.Methods:  Human bladder cancer cell line 5637 was cultured and the expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 verified by immunofluorescence and Western blot. Cells were given different disposals (different capsaicin concentration with/without pre‐treating with capsazepine; capsazepine, acting as a competitive antagonist of capsaicin) to observe cell viability, cell cycle and cell death by 3‐(4, 5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2, 5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and flow cytometry. The apoptosis indexes, such as intracellular production of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential were assessed to elucidate the potential mechanism of capsaicin effects in the cells.Results:  Capsaicin decreased the viability of 5637 cells in a dose‐dependent way. The flow cytometry outcome showed that capsaicin blocked the cell cycle in the G0/G1 period. The Western blot of cyclin‐dependent‐kinase involved in G1/S transfer verified this. Meanwhile, increased reactive oxygen species production and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential were detected in capsaicin‐treated groups.Conclusions:  Capsaicin induces cell death through increased reactive oxygen species and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, capsaicin inhibits the proliferation of 5637 bladder carcinoma cells by cycle arrest with the inhibition of CDK2, CDK4 and CDK6.
Usefulness of clip traction in the early phase of esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Ota Masaho , Nakamura Tsutomu , Hayashi Kazuhiko , Ohki Takeshi , Narumiya Kousuke , Sato Takuya , Shirai Yuji , Kudo Kenji , Yamamoto Masakazu 
Published: April 2012

Background:  The usefulness of clip traction in endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early esophageal carcinoma was investigated.Methods:  A total of 87 patients who underwent ESD for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were included in the study. The hook knife method was used for ESD. Twenty patients underwent ESD without clip traction (non‐clip group) and 67 underwent procedures in which clip traction was used (clip group). A clip with a string was attached to the oral edge of the lesion after mucosal incision in the clip group.Results:  ESD was successful in all cases. Wide exposure of the submucosal tissue below the lesion was obtained by applying tension to the clip traction. The duration of ESD was shorter in the clip group, and there was a significant difference in duration between the non‐clip and clip groups. There were no complications of ESD in the clip group, but muscle layer injury occurred in three patients in the non‐clip group.Conclusion:  Clip traction shortens operating time and is safer in esophageal ESD. Clip traction is recommended as a useful auxiliary procedure.
Endogenously released ACh and exogenous nicotine differentially facilitate long‐term potentiation induction in the hippocampal CA1 region of mice
Authors: Nakauchi Sakura , Sumikawa Katumi 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe examined the role of α7‐ and β2‐containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the induction of long‐term potentiation (LTP). Theta‐burst stimulation (TBS), mimicking the brain’s naturally occurring theta rhythm, induced robust LTP in hippocampal slices from α7 and β2 knockout mice. This suggests TBS is capable of inducing LTP without activation of α7‐ or β2‐containing nAChRs. However, when weak TBS was applied, the modulatory effects of nicotinic receptors on LTP induction became visible. We showed that during weak TBS, activation of α7 nAChRs occurs by the release of ACh, contributing to LTP induction. Additionally, bath‐application of nicotine activated β2‐containing nAChRs to promote LTP induction. Despite predicted nicotine‐induced desensitization, synaptically mediated activation of α7 nAChRs still occurs in the presence of nicotine and contributed to LTP induction. Optical recording of single‐stimulation‐evoked excitatory activity with a voltage‐sensitive dye revealed enhanced excitatory activity in the presence of nicotine. This effect of nicotine was robust during high‐frequency stimulation, and was accompanied by enhanced burst excitatory postsynaptic potentials. Nicotine‐induced enhancement of excitatory activity was observed in slices from α7 knockout mice, but was absent in β2 knockout mice. These results suggest that the nicotine‐induced enhancement of excitatory activity is mediated by β2‐containing nAChRs, and is related to the nicotine‐induced facilitation of LTP induction. Thus, our study demonstrates that the activation of α7‐ and β2‐containing nAChRs differentially facilitates LTP induction via endogenously released ACh and exogenous nicotine, respectively, in the hippocampal CA1 region of mice.
Safety and efficacy of ureteroscopic lithotripsy for stone disease in obese patients: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Aboumarzouk Omar M. , Somani Bhaskar , Monga Manoj 
Published: April 2012

Study Type – Prognosis (systematic review)Level of Evidence 1aWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Case series on ureteroscopy for obese patients have been published in the literature, but as yet no decisive conclusion has been published because of the small patient numbers included the study cohorts.This review provides an overview of the literature discussing ureteroscopy for obese patients. In addition, it provides a meta‐analysis of the case series and published literature on the topic, which focuses on the safety and efficacy of ureteroscopy for obese patients.OBJECTIVE
To look at the role and safety of ureteroscopy for stone management in obese patients.
METHODS
We searched MEDLINE, PubMed and the Cochrane Library from January 1990 to June 2011 for results of ureteroscopy and stone treatment in obese patients.
Inclusion criteria were all English language articles reporting on ureteroscopy in patients with morbid obesity.
Data on the outcomes and complications was extracted and a meta‐analysis of the results conducted.
RESULTS
Seven studies with 131 patients (136 renal units) were included.
All the studies included obese patients (mean BMI 42.2) treated with flexible URS for urinary calculi. The mode of fragmentation was pulse dye laser, holmium laser, and combined modality including electrohydraulic lithotripsy and basket retrieval in others.
The average stone size was (1.37). The stone free rate was 87.5% after completion of treatment with a ranged follow up between 3 months and 3.5 years. The mean operative time was 97.1 minutes (30‐275).
There was an overall 11.4% complication rate, however, none of the patients needed further monitoring and were treated conservatively.
A sub‐group analysis of the stones depending on size found the URS has a higher stone free rate in stones <2 cm in size (P= 0.0003). Furthermore, URS has a higher stone free rate when treating ureteric stones compared to renal stones (P= 0.04).
CONCLUSION
Retrograde stone treatment using ureteroscopy is a safe and efficient modality for treating obese patients with urinary tract calculi with an increased efficiency with smaller stones less than 2 cm in size.
In vitro testing of zinc oxide sunscreens
Authors: McCormick P. G. , Tsuzuki T. 
Published: April 2012

SynopsisThe UVA performances of two all‐mineral zinc oxide sunscreens are measured following Colipa and ISO procedures and compared to a sunscreen containing only organic actives. It is found that the two sunscreen types yield very different in vitro SPF and UVA results. It shown that the results can be rationalized in terms of the differences in the monochromatic extinction spectra of the two types of sunscreens.
Dynein and dynactin components modulate neurodegeneration induced by excitotoxicity
Authors: Fujiwara Takeshi , Morimoto Koji , Kakita Akiyoshi , Takahashi Hitoshi 
Published: April 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 122, 162–174.AbstractGlutamate excitotoxicity causes neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. It is implicated in chronic disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, and in acute CNS insults such as ischemia. These disorders share prominent morphological features, including axon degeneration and cell body death. However, the molecular mechanism underlying excitotoxicity‐induced neurodegeneration remains poorly understood. A key molecular feature of neurodegeneration is deficits in microtubule‐based cargo transport that plays a pivotal role in maintaining the balance of survival and stress signaling in the axon. We developed an excitotoxicity‐induced neurodegeneration system in primary neuronal cultures. We find that excitotoxicity generates a C‐terminal truncated form of p150Glued, a major component of the dynactin complex, which exacerbates axon degeneration. This p150Glued truncated form was identified in brain tissues of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Overexpression of wild‐type (WT) dynein intermediate chain (DIC), a dynein component that interacts with p150Glued and links dynein and dynactin complexes, DIC (S84D) mutant, and WT p150Glued suppressed axon degeneration. These modulating effects of p150Glued and DIC on excitotoxicity‐induced axon degeneration are also observed in apoptosis and cell body death. Thus, our findings identify retrograde transport proteins, p150Glued and DIC, as novel modulators of neurodegeneration induced by glutamate excitotoxicity.
Hypothermia‐induced tyrosine phosphorylation of SIRPα in the brain
Authors: Maruyama Toshi , Kusakari Shinya , Sato‐Hashimoto Miho , Hayashi Yuriko , Kotani Takenori , Murata Yoji , Okazawa Hideki , Oldenborg Per‐Arne , Kishi Shoji , Matozaki Takashi , Ohnishi Hiroshi 
Published: April 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 121, 891–902.AbstractSignal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) is a neuronal membrane protein that undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation in the brain of mice in response to forced swim (FS) stress in cold water, and this response is implicated in regulation of depression‐like behavior in the FS test. We now show that subjection of mice to the FS in warm (37°C) water does not induce the tyrosine phosphorylation of SIRPα in the brain. The rectal temperature (Trec) of mice was reduced to 27° to 30°C by performance of the FS for 10 min in cold water, whereas it was not affected by the same treatment in warm water. The level of tyrosine phosphorylation of SIRPα in the brain was increased by administration of ethanol or picrotoxin, starvation, or cooling after anesthesia, all of which also induced hypothermia. Furthermore, the tyrosine phosphorylation of SIRPα in cultured hippocampal neurons was induced by lowering the temperature of the culture medium. CD47, a ligand of SIRPα, as well as Src family kinases or SH2 domain‐containing protein phosphatase 2 (Shp2), might be important for the basal and the hypothermia‐induced tyrosine phosphorylation of SIRPα. Hypothermia is therefore likely an important determinant of both the behavioral immobility and tyrosine phosphorylation of SIRPα observed in the FS test.
Ginsenoside‐Rp1 inhibits platelet activation and thrombus formation via impaired glycoprotein VI signalling pathway, tyrosine phosphorylation and MAPK activation
Authors: Endale M , Lee WM , Kamruzzaman SM , Kim SD , Park JY , Park MH , Park TY , Park HJ , Cho JY , Rhee MH 
Published: April 2012

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSEGinsenosides are the main constituents for the pharmacological effects of Panax ginseng. Such effects of ginsenosides including cardioprotective and anti‐platelet activities have shown stability and bioavailability limitations. However, information on the anti‐platelet activity of ginsenoside‐Rp1 (G‐Rp1), a stable derivative of ginsenoside‐Rg3, is scarce. We examined the ability of G‐Rp1 to modulate agonist‐induced platelet activation.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHG‐Rp1 in vitro and ex vivo effects on agonist‐induced platelet‐aggregation, granule‐secretion, [Ca2+]i mobilization, integrin‐αIIbβ3 activation were examined. Vasodilator‐stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) and MAPK expressions and levels of tyrosine phosphorylation of the glycoprotein VI (GPVI) signalling pathway components were also studied. G‐Rp1 effects on arteriovenous shunt thrombus formation in rats or tail bleeding time and ex vivo coagulation time in mice were determined.KEY RESULTG‐Rp1 markedly inhibited platelet aggregation induced by collagen, thrombin or ADP. While G‐Rp1 elevated cAMP levels, it dose‐dependently suppressed collagen‐induced ATP‐release, thromboxane secretion, p‐selectin expression, [Ca2+]i mobilization and αIIbβ3 activation and attenuated p38MAPK and ERK2 activation. Furthermore, G‐Rp1 inhibited tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple components (Fyn, Lyn, Syk, LAT, PI3K and PLCγ2) of the GPVI signalling pathway. G‐Rp1 inhibited in vivo thrombus formation and ex vivo platelet aggregation and ATP secretion without affecting tail bleeding time and coagulation time, respectively.CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONSG‐Rp1 inhibits collagen‐induced platelet activation and thrombus formation through modulation of early GPVI signalling events, and this effect involves VASP stimulation, and ERK2 and p38‐MAPK inhibition. These data suggest that G‐Rp1 may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases involving aberrant platelet activation.
Comparative Effectiveness Analysis of Anticoagulant Strategies in a Large Observational Database of Percutaneous Coronary Interventions
Authors: WISE GREGORY R. , SCHWARTZ BRIAN P. , DITTOE NATHANIEL , SAFAR AMMAR , SHERMAN STEVEN , BOWDY BRUCE , HAHN HARVEY S. 
Published: April 2012

Background:
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the most commonly used procedure for coronary revascularization. There are multiple adjuvant anticoagulation strategies available. In this era of cost containment, we performed a comparative effectiveness analysis of clinical outcomes and cost of the major anticoagulant strategies across all types of PCI procedures in a large observational database.
Methods:
A retrospective, comparative effectiveness analysis of the Premier observational database was conducted to determine the impact of anticoagulant treatment on outcomes. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression models were used to assess the association of initial antithrombotic treatment with outcomes while controlling for other factors.
Results:
A total of 458,448 inpatient PCI procedures with known antithrombotic regimen from 299 hospitals between January 1, 2004 and March 31, 2008 were identified. Compared to patients treated with heparin plus glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI), bivalirudin was associated with a 41% relative risk reduction (RRR) for inpatient mortality, a 44% RRR for clinically apparent bleeding, and a 37% RRR for any transfusion. Furthermore, treatment with bivalirudin alone resulted in a cost savings of $976 per case. Similar results were seen between bivalirudin and heparin in all end‐points. Combined use of both bivalirudin and GPI substantially attenuated the cost benefits demonstrated with bivalirudin alone.
Conclusion:
Bivalirudin use was associated with both improved clinical outcomes and decreased hospital costs in this large "real‐world" database. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the ideal comparative effectiveness end‐point of both improved clinical outcomes with decreased costs in PCI. (J Interven Cardiol 2012;25:278–288)
The influence of direct payments on farmers’ hail insurance decisions
Authors: Finger Robert , Lehmann Niklaus 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe analyze determinants of hail insurance use of Swiss farmers, using FADN panel data covering the period 1990–2009. Mixed effect logistic regression models are estimated to identify the most important farm and farmer characteristics that trigger insurance use. In addition, information on local hail risk is taken into account in these models. It shows that larger farms, with specialization in crop production, and with larger local hail risks are more likely to adopt the hail insurance. Moreover, insurance users are usually older and better educated. Since the early 1990s, Swiss agricultural policy has reduced price support and introduced general and ecological direct payments. This has led to a much higher importance of direct payments for farmers’ incomes. Our analysis shows that this development has contributed to decreasing hail insurance adoption rates in Switzerland over the period considered. Our results indicate that the larger the share of direct payments for total farm revenue, the less attractive is insurance as a risk management strategy for farmers. This interdependency should be explicitly considered by agricultural policy in the design of support mechanisms.
Long‐term outcomes of short dental implants supporting single crowns in posterior region: a clinical retrospective study of 5–10 years
Authors: Lai Hong‐Chang , Si Mi‐Si , Zhuang Long‐Fei , Shen Hui , Liu Yue‐lian , Wismeijer Daniel 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectiveAimed to evaluate the long‐term clinical and radiographic outcomes of short implants supporting single crowns in the posterior regions.Material and methodsA retrospective study design was adopted. The clinical and radiographic data of 231 short implants (intra‐bony length ≤8 mm) supporting single crowns in 168 patients, were collected after 5–10 (mean 7.22) years' follow‐up. Implant and prosthesis failures, peri‐implant marginal bone loss, biological and technical complications were evaluated. The influence factors on implant failure were studied.ResultsIn total 4 implants and 11 prostheses failed. The 10‐year (5‐year) cumulative survival rate was 98.3% (98.7%) for implant‐based analysis and 97.6% (98.2%) for patient‐based analysis. The short implants placed in type IV bone yielded more failures than in type I–III and presented a survival rate of 94.0%. The 10‐year survival rate of the prostheses was 95.2%. The mean marginal bone loss between implant installation and the 10 years' follow‐up visit was 0.63 ± 0.68 mm. The marginal bone loss between the first and 5th year was minimal (0.05 ± 0.10mm and not statistically significant). 18 (7.8%) implants were exposed to biological complications, whereas 29 (12.6%) implants were involved in technical complications.ConclusionsHigh survival rates for both the implants and the prostheses could be achieved after 5–10 years for short implants supporting single crowns, without severe marginal bone loss and complications. One may conclude that a single crown supported by a short implant is a predictable treatment modality. However, short implants in type IV bone sites should be applied with caution.