bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Smooth Their Language: Authenticity and Interculturalism in theLife of Black Hawk
Authors: Bellin Joshua David 
Published: April 2011

Critics seeking a paradigmatic moment in the history of Indian-white encounter will find few more suitable than the following from the life of Black Hawk, the Sauk rebel, U.S. prisoner of war, and subject if not author of theLife of Ma-Ka-Tai-Me-She-Kia-Kiak or Black Hawk(1833). The episode, reported by Thomas McKenney and James Hall inThe Indian Tribes of North America(1836–44), occurred after Black Hawk's brief, spectacular resistance to removal had been violently quelled; after he had been taken on a humbling tour of the East; and after his rival, Keokuk, had been installed by the United States as tribal chief. McKenney and Hall pick up the story at the conference where Keokuk's ascendancy is announced:They were then told by major Garland, that the President considered Keokuk the principal chief of the nation, and desired he should be acknowledged as such; he expected Black Hawk would listen, and conform to this arrangement. … From some mistake of the interpreter, Black Hawk understood that he wasorderedto submit to the advice of Keokuk, and became greatly excited. Losing all command of himself he arose, trembling with anger, and exclaimed: “I am a man — an old man. I will not obey the counsels of anyone! I will act for myself; no one shall govern me. …”Keokuk, in a low tone, said to him: “Why do you speak thus before white men? You trembled — you did not mean what you said.
Who Really Shaped American Science Fiction?
Authors: Rabkin Eric S. , Mitchell James B. , Simon Carl P. 
Published: April 2011

Treating science fiction, critics have taught us to understand that the field shrugged itself out of the swamp of its pulp origins in two great evolutionary metamorphoses, each associated with a uniquely visionary magazine editor: Hugo Gernsback and John W. Campbell Jr. Paul Carter, to cite one critic among many, makes a case that Hugo Gernsback's magazines were the first to suggest thatscience fiction was not only legitimate extrapolation… [but] might even become a positive incentive to discovery, inspiring some engineer or inventor to develop in the laboratory an idea he had first read about in one of the stories. (5)Another, critic and author Isaac Asimov, argues that science fiction's fabledGolden Age began in 1938, when John Campbell became editor of Astounding Stories and remolded it, and the whole field, into something closer to his heart's desire. During the Golden Age, he and the magazine he edited so dominated science fiction that to read Astounding was to know the field entire. (Before the Golden Age, xii)Critics arrive at such understandings not only by surveying the field but also — perhaps more importantly — by studying, accepting, modifying, or even occasionally rejecting the work of other critics. This indirect and many-voiced conversation is usually seen as a self-correcting process, an informal yet public peer review. Such interested scrutiny has driven science fiction (SF) criticism to evolve from the letters to the editor and editorials and mimeographed essays of the past to the nuanced literary history of today, just as, this literary history states, those firm-minded editors helped SF literature evolve from the primordial fictions of Edgar Rice Burroughs into the sophisticated constructs of William S. Burroughs.
A liberal countryside? The Manchester Ramblers' Federation and the ‘social readjustment’ of urban citizens, 1929–1936
Authors: ANDERSON BEN 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT:Ramblers often voiced reformist ideas about how cities and their inhabitants might be improved. This article demonstrates how the Manchester Ramblers' Federation utilized themes of freedom and order to define and regulate urban movements in rural space. It explores how this group of ramblers defined rambling as a ‘readjustment’ to illiberal aspects of urban life, portrayed other performances in the countryside as harmful and illegitimate and finally sought to utilize technologies drawn from their experience of urban culture to regulate conduct in the countryside.
The stromal cell antigen CD248 (endosialin) is expressed on naive CD8+ human T cells and regulates proliferation
Authors: Hardie Debbie L. , Baldwin Mathew J. , Naylor Amy , Haworth Oliver J. , Hou Tie Zheng , Lax Sian , Curnow S. John , Willcox Nick , MacFadyen John , Isacke Clare M. , Buckley Christopher D. 
Published: April 2011

SummaryCD248 (endosialin) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is dynamically expressed on pericytes and fibroblasts during tissue development, tumour neovascularization and inflammation. Its role in tissue remodelling is associated with increased stromal cell proliferation and migration. We show that CD248 is also uniquely expressed by human, but not mouse (C57BL/6), CD8+ naive T cells. CD248 is found only on CD8+ CCR7+ CD11alow naive T cells and on CD8 single‐positive T cells in the thymus. Transfection of the CD248 negative T‐cell line MOLT‐4 with CD248 cDNA surprisingly reduced cell proliferation. Knock‐down of CD248 on naive CD8 T cells increased cell proliferation. These data demonstrate opposing functions for CD248 on haematopoietic (CD8+) versus stromal cells and suggests that CD248 helps to maintain naive CD8+ human T cells in a quiescent state.
Pragmatism as the philosophical foundation for the Joanna Briggs meta‐aggregative approach to qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Hannes Karin , Lockwood Craig 
Published: April 2011

hannes k. & lockwood c. (2011) Pragmatism as the philosophical foundation for the Joanna Briggs meta‐aggregative approach to qualitative evidence synthesis. Journal of Advanced Nursing.67(7), 1632–1642.AbstractAim.  This paper presents a discussion of the role of the philosophy of pragmatism in the Joanna Briggs meta‐aggregative approach to qualitative evidence synthesis.Background.  An increasing number of qualitative evidence syntheses are being published in journals, many of them influenced by an interpretive or a critical‐realist perspective. One approach to qualitative evidence synthesis is meta‐aggregation. Originally designed to model the transparency, auditability and reliability of the established process for effectiveness reviews, meta‐aggregation makes a case for the production of synthesized statements that refer to ‘lines of action’ informing decision‐making at the clinical or policy level.Data sources.  This paper draws from the literature written on the philosophy of pragmatism (1877–2008) and from the user guidance on meta‐aggregation developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute between 2004 and 2007.Discussion.  Meta‐aggregation as a methodology is founded on the principles and assumptions of the philosophical traditions of pragmatism. Meta‐aggregation can only reach its full potential if the ‘lines of action’ suggested will somehow be supported by measures of effectiveness, as demonstrated in mixed method research.Implications for nursing.  The ‘lines of action’ presented as the result of a meta‐aggregative synthesis are directive in nature and inform healthcare practitioners at the point of practical decision‐making.Conclusion.  The real verification of the ‘lines of action’ suggested in a meta‐aggregation consists of the satisfactorily ending consequences, mental or physical, which the synthesized statements that summarize the basic ideas emerging from the studies are able to generate in end users.
Maternal depression related to infant’s wheezing
Authors: Lefevre Françoise , Moreau David , Sémon Elodie , Kalaboka Sofia , Annesi‐Maesano Isabella , Just Jocelyne 
Published: April 2011

To cite this article:Lefevre F, Moreau D, Sémon E, Kalaboka S, Annesi‐Maesano I, Just J. Maternal depression related to infant’s wheezing.Pediatric Allergy Immunology2011;22: 608–613.AbstractObjective: To assess whether maternal psychological status is related to infant’s wheezing.Study design: In a case–control study conducted in Paris in cases aged less than 36 months suffering from wheezing and matched healthy controls, mothers filled a standardized questionnaire on child’s health and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory form Y‐B and the Beck Depression Inventory short form. Cases underwent also routine clinical and biological assessments. The statistical analysis used the propensity score analysis to control for selection bias.Results: Hundred and thirty‐eight wheezers and hundred and nine controls participated in the study. After adjustment for confounders, maternal depressive symptoms at the period of the survey according to the Beck Inventory were more significantly found in the cases than in others (p < 0.01). A trend was found for maternal depression during pregnancy. Among the cases, 10.6% suffered from severe asthma, 84.8% took inhaled corticosteroids (ICs), 17.4% had positive specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) to allergens and 11.5% hypereosinophilia. The more the mother was depressed according to the Beck Inventory, the more the infant’s asthma was severe (OR = 4.25, 95% CI: 1.14, 15.9 between severe infant’s wheezing and severe maternal depression). No relationship was observed between mother’s depressive symptoms and ICs taken by the infant, allergic sensitization or eosinophilia.Conclusion: Our findings support the hypothesis of a link between maternal depression and infant’s wheezing and its severity early in life independent of allergic status. Consequences of our study include the need to assess depressive symptoms in mothers of infants with asthma.
The role of perivascular adipose tissue in vascular smooth muscle cell growth
Authors: Miao Chao‐Yu , Li Zhi‐Yong 
Published: April 2011

Adipose tissue is the largest endocrine organ, producing various adipokines and many other substances. Almost all blood vessels are surrounded by perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), which has not received research attention until recently. This review will discuss the paracrine actions of PVAT on the growth of underlying vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). PVAT can release growth factors and inhibitors. Visfatin is the first identified growth factor derived from PVAT. Decreased adiponectin and increased tumour necrosis factor‐α in PVAT play a pathological role for neointimal hyperplasia after endovascular injury. PVAT‐derived angiotensin II, angiotensin 1–7, reactive oxygen species, complement component 3, NO and H2S have a paracrine action on VSMC contraction, endothelial or fibroblast function; however, their paracrine actions on VSMC growth remain to be directly verified. Factors such as monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, interleukin‐6, interleukin‐8, leptin, resistin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type‐1, adrenomedullin, free fatty acids, glucocorticoids and sex hormones can be released from adipose tissue and can regulate VSMC growth. Most of them have been verified for their secretion by PVAT; however, their paracrine functions are unknown. Obesity, vascular injury, aging and infection may affect PVAT, causing adipocyte abnormality and inflammatory cell infiltration, inducing imbalance of PVAT‐derived growth factors and inhibitors, leading to VSMC growth and finally resulting in development of proliferative vascular disease, including atherosclerosis, restenosis and hypertension. In the future, using cell‐specific gene interventions and local treatments may provide definitive evidence for identification of key factor(s) involved in PVAT dysfunction‐induced vascular disease and thus may help to develop new therapies.LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Fat and Vascular Responsiveness. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2012.165.issue‐3
CROSSBREEDING EXPERIMENTS WITH SOME SPECIES OF THE TETRANYCHUS URTICAE GROUP
Authors: HELLE W. , VAN De BUND C. F. 
Published: April 2011

Tetranychus hydrangeae Pritchard & Baker, T. neocaledonicus André and T. atlanticus McGregor failed to interbreed. This is also the case in crossings between these three species and T. urticae Koch and T. cinnabarinus Boisd. and confirms the specific differences found in their morphology. Specimens of T. cinnabarinus from different European populations appeared to be compatible. It was also possible to cross specimens of T. cinnabarinus from Italy and the Netherlands with T. multisetis McGregor from California and the progeny proved to be fertile. Morphologically specimens of T. multisetis from California do not differ from European T. cinnabarinus. Our investigations suggest that T. cinnabarinus and and T. multisetis are identical.ZusammenfassungKREUZUNGSVERSUCHE MIT EINIGEN ARTEN DER TETRANYCHUS URTICAE‐GRUPPETetranychus hydrangeas Pritchard & Baker, T. neocaledonicus André und T. atlanticus McGregor ließen sich nicht kreuzen. Das ist auch bei Kreuzungsversuchen zwischen diesen drei Arten und T. urticae Koch und T. cinnabarinus Boisd. der Fall und bestätigt die spezifischen Unterschiede, die in ihrer Morphologie gefunden wurden. T. cinnabarinus‐Individuen von verschiedenen europäischen Populationen schienen miteinander verträglich. Auch war es möglich, Individuen von T. cinnabarinus aus Italien und Holland mit T. multisetis McGregor aus Kalifornien zu kreuzen und fruchtbare Nachkommen zu erzeugen. Morphologisch unterscheiden sich die Angehörigen von T. multisetis aus Kalifornien nicht von den europäischen T. cinnabarinus‐Vertretern, Unsere Untersuchungen machen es also wahrscheinlich, daß T. cinnabarinus und T. multisetis identisch sind.
STUDIES ON THE SECRETION OF DIGESTIVE ENZYMES IN LOCUSTA MIGRATORIA L. I. PROTEINASE ACTIVITY
Authors: KHAN MUMTAZ AHMAD 
Published: April 2011

Proteinase activity in various parts of the digestive tract of Locusta migratoria L. was studied in fed and starved insects. Proteinase activity occurred mainly in the gut lumen. In starved locusts the proteinase activity disappeared and was only restored after continuous feeding. There are apparently two stages in the production of the digestive fluid. Enzymes are elaborated in the cells of the digestive tract and are simultaneously and continuously discharged into the lumen.ZusammenfassungUNTERSUCHUNGEN ÜBER DIE SEKRETION VON VERDAUUNGSFERMENTEN BEI LOCUSTA MIGRATORIA L. I. PROTEINASE‐AKTIVITÄTDie Proteinase‐Aktivität in verschiedenen Teilen des Verdauungskanals von Locusta migratoria wurde unter den Bedingungen normaler Nahrungsaufnahme sowie bei Hunger untersucht.Zu Beginn des Imaginallebens zeigt Locusta Proteinase‐Aktivität hauptsächlich, wenn auch nicht ausschließlich, im Lumen der Blinddärme. Sie wird schon vom letzten Larvenstadium an in Gang gesetzt. Gewebeextrakte von Blinddärmen und Mitteldarm zeigen aber bei der Häutung noch keine meßbare Aktivität, jedoch entsteht eine geringe Aktivität am ersten und zweiten Tage des Adultstadiums. Bei Hunger fällt die Gewebeaktivität wieder ab. Wenn die Insekten gefüttert werden, ist die Abnahme weniger deutlich und im Falle der Blinddärme von einem zweiten Anstieg gefolgt. Jedoch ist der Enzymspiegel im Gewebe immer sehr niedrig und stellt nur einen Bruchteil des im Darmlumen vorhandenen dar. Es wird daraus geschlossen, daß die beiden Phasen der Bildung von Verdauungsflüssigkeit, die Bildung der Fermente in den Zellen und ihre Freisetzung aus ihnen, gleichzeitige und kontinuierliche Prozesse darstellen.Nach einer dreitägigen Hungerperiode ergibt eine einzelne Mahlzeit von halbstündiger Dauer innerhalb der nächsten 24 Stunden noch keine Anregung der Proteinase‐Aktivität. Um Aktivität zu erreichen, ist fortgesetzte Nahrungsaufnahme und danach eine Latenzperiode von 48 Stunden erforderlich. Unter diesen Umständen enthält das Insekt einen gefüllten Darm und es scheint, daß dies die notwendige Voraussetzung für die Proteinase‐Aktivierung darstellt. Jedoch muß der Darm mit Nahrung gefüllt sein, da Wasser keine Reaktion ergibt.
THE USE OF RADIOACTIVE TRACERS IN THE STUDY OF DISPERSION OF ORTHOTYLUS VIRESCENS (DOUGLAS & SCOTT) (MIRIDAE, HETEROPTERA)
Authors: LEWIS C. T. , WALOFF N. 
Published: April 2011

A method is described by means of which large numbers of Orthotylus virescens captured on broom have been marked with two radioactive isotopes which could be readily discriminated from each other autoradiographically. Samples of insects labelled differently were released in two sections of the broom plantation and subsequent recaptures from inside and outside the plantation provided evidence of a considerable edge effect of the habitat on the movement of the mirids.RésuméL'EMPLOI DE TRACEURS RADIOACTIFS DANS L'ÉTUDE DE LA DISPERSION D'ORTHOTYLUS VIRESCENS (DOUGLAS & SCOTT) (MIRIDAE, HETEROPTERA)Un grand nombre d'Orthotylus virescens capturé sur le genêt Sarothamnus scoparius (L.) Wimmer, a été marqué au moyen de deux isotopes radioactifs, que l'on peut aisément distinguer l'un de l'autre par autoradiographie. Des échantillons d'insectes marqués différemment ont été lâchés sur deux parties différentes de la plantation de genêts. Les individus recapturés ensuite à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur de la plantation montrent que l'habitat produit des effets marginaux considérables sur le mouvement des mirides.
ÜBER DIE ANFLUGDICHTE VON APHIDEN AUF FARBIGE SALATPFLANZEN 1,2
Authors: MÜLLER H. J. 
Published: April 2011

Blattläuse, u.a. Aphis fabae Scop, und Myzus persicae Sulz., landen auf gelblichen und grünen Sommersalaten signifikant häufiger als auf braunblättrigen. Die Anlockwirkung im Gelb‐Grün‐Bereich wird gesteigert, wenn die Farbe der Umgebung zu der des Salates kontrastiert (nackter Erdboden, weißlich‐grüner Winterweizen), während die Hemmung des Landereizes durch rotbraune Färbung davon kaum beeinflußt wird. Wahrscheinlich erkranken braune Salate deshalb weniger an Salatmosaik als gelbe und grüne, weil die Häufigkeit der Vektorenbesuche auf ihnen herabgesetzt und damit die Gefahr einer Virusinfektion durch blattlausübertragbare Viren verringert ist.SummaryON THE LANDING FREQUENCY OF APHIDS ON COLOURED LETTUCE PLANTSDifferent coloured summer lettuces of the Quedlinburg Assortment (Saatzuchtleiter Fabig) allowed tests of the landing reaction of aphids, especially Aphis fabae Scop, and Myzus persicae Sulz., on plants of different colours to be compared with Moericke's findings using artificial coloured carriers. Direct captures of landing aphids, as described by H. J. Müller (1962), showed twice as many aphids, and from three to five times as many Myzus persicae, on green varieties Ramses and Rhenania and on yellow‐green Rudolfs Liebling than on the almost completely dark reddish brown Indianerperle. However the brown‐red but yellow‐green striped variety Pirat was landed upon by almost as many aphids as the green varieties.When the yellowish and yellow‐green varieties Rudolfs Liebling and Ramses were planted within a plot of whitish‐green young winter wheat, many more aphids alighted than would have been expected if chance only had operated. Fewer alighted on the whitish‐green Rhenania in the same situation. The dark brown Indianerperle received few aphids when grown among wheat. The landing impulse on yellow and green lettuces is thus increased when their colour contrasts with that of the surroundings, but this does not apply to the brown varieties.Colourless glass dishes, filled with water, were used as traps and set in the middle of plots of different coloured lettuces (using many replicates during the whole growing period) caught only twice as many aphids among yellow as among green or brown varieties; this was due to an edge effect. The stronger the impulse to land on a lettuce variety, the more aphids are caused to land at the edge of the plot. Thus only a few reach the trap in the middle. When yellow dishes replace the colourless traps, a much higher number of aphids is caught among reddish‐brown lettuces.Brown lettuce varieties are known to show a lower incidence of lettuce mosaic than yellow or green varieties. This is presumably due to the smaller number of aphids alighting, thus diminishing the chance of infection.
GENETIC AFFINITIES BETWEEN ADJACENT POPULATIONS OF SPIDER MITES (TETRANYCHUS URTICAE KOCH)
Authors: HELLE W. , PIETERSE A. H. 
Published: April 2011

The interbreeding potentials of nine populations of spider mites were examined. The populations were gathered from horticultural crops in different glasshouses in a limited area of Aalsmeer. A great variety of genetic incompatibilities between these populations was found. In most crossings a partial sterility of the hybrids, as measured by egg hatchability, occurred. Some crosses showed reciprocal differences. It was suggested that genetic divergence of these adjacent populations arises especially from the haplo‐diploid nature of spider mites.ZusammenfassungGENETISCHE AFFINITÄT ZWISCHEN ANEINANDERGRENZENDEN SPINNMILBEN‐POPULATIONENDie Kreuzbarkeit von neun Spinnmilben‐Populatiorien wurde untersucht. Die Populationen wurden von Gartenpflanzen verschiedener Gewächshäuser in einem bestimmten Gebiet von Aalsmeer gesammelt. Es zeigte sich eine große Variabilität in der genetischen Verträglichkeit zwischen diesen Populationen. Bei den meisten Kreuzungen trat, gemessen an der Schlüpffähigkeit der Eier, eine partielle Sterilität der Hybriden auf. Einige Kreuzungen wiesen reziproke Unterschiede auf. Es wird vermutet, daß die genetischc Divergenz dieser aneinandergrenzenden Populationen speziell auf der haplo‐diploiden Natur der Spinnmilben beruht.
COLD HARDINESS OF SOME BEETLES LIVING IN GRASS TUSSOCKS
Authors: LUFF M. L. 
Published: April 2011

The cold hardiness of three species of beetle which are commonly found in grass tussocks was investigated by determination of their supercooling points, and by exposure of specimens to low temperatures, both in the laboratory and in the field. Supercooling points were measured by cooling the insects thermoelectrically.Mortality of all three species in the field starts at about —4°, but the proportion killed at lower temperatures depends on the supercooling point of each species. Comparison with microclimatic measurements shows that shelter such as that given by grass tussocks is needed to prevent any mortality by freezing in most winters.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDIE KÄLTERESISTENZ EINIGER IN GRASBÜSCHELN LEBENDER KÄFEREs wurde die Kälteresistenz von drei in Süd‐England an Grasbüscheln vorkommenden Käferarten untersucht. Die zur Untersuchung benützten Arten waren der Kurzflügler Stenus clavicornis (Scop.) und die Laufkäfer Dromius melanocephalus Dej. und D. linearis (Ol.). Um die für die Käfer augenblicklich tödlichen Temperaturen zu ermitteln, wurden Bestimmungen des Unterkühlungspunktes ausgeführt. Zur Abkühlung der Insekten wurde ein thermoelektrischer Apparat benutzt. Der Unterkühlungspunkt von S. clavicornis lag deutlich niedriger als der der Dromius‐Arten. Die Unterkühlungspunkte der drei Arten wurden nicht verändert, wenn die Käfer drei Wochen lang bei +10° gehalten wurden und blieben den ganzen Winter konstant bis April, wenn sie anstiegen. Inokulatives Gefrieren, hervorgerufen durch die Berührung mit feuchten Blättern, liess den Unterkühlungspunkt von S. clavicornis ansteigen.Die Überlebensrate von S. clavicornis, der im Laboratorium auf feuchtem Filtrierpapier konstanten niedrigen Temperaturen ausgesetzt war, erwies sich als ähnlich derjenigen, die man unter trockenen Bedingungen erwarten würde, so dass vermutlich nur wenig Inokulation stattfand. Jedoch tratt inokulatives Gefrieren augenblicklich ein, wenn die Käfer im Freiland tiefen nächtlichen Temperaturen ausgesetzt wurden. Bei allen drei Arten setzte die Sterblichkeit bei ungefähr —4° ein, hervorgerufen durch inokulatives Gefrieren, jedoch kann S. clavicornis niedrigere Temperaturen aushalten als Dromius, weil nicht‐inokulierte Insekten niedrigere Unterkühlungspunkte haben.Ein Vergleich mit früher veröffentlichten Daten der Wintertemperaturen in und zwischen den Grasbüscheln zeigt, dass die Sterblichkeit im Grasse zwischen den Büscheln dann einsetzt, wenn die Standard “Gras‐Minimum” Temperatur niedriger als —10° ist während die Käfer in den Grasbüscheln geschützt sind, bis die Temperatur auf —17° fällt.Da —10° seit 1952 in allen, ausgenommen zwei, Wintern registriert wurde (während —17° nur selten gemessen wurde) ist der Schutz, der den drei Arten von den Grasbüscheln gewährt wird, genügend, um den Tod durch Erfrieren zu verhindern.