bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A tunable hybrid metasurface design with integrated diffusion and absorption
Authors: Shi Jianing , Zhao Minxin , Zhang Xingwang , Sun Jiwen , Zhu Lin , Li Huangyan , Cao Qunsheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this letter, a tunable hybrid metasurface (THMS) with electromagnetic switching characteristics based on the field‐programmable logic gate array (FPGA) is developed, which combines the mechanisms of both phase cancellation and absorption. Compared to other hybrid metasurface, the proposed design possesses two major functions of electromagnetic switching and dynamic tuning. By adjusting the bias voltage of the active components controlled by FPGA module, the in‐band tuning and active switching at different frequency bands of 3.63–5.57, 4.86–10.47, and 9.40–12.36 GHz can be obtained. A physical prototype with the size of 350 mm × 370 mm is fabricated and measured for verification, and the measurement shows that the monostatic radar cross section achieves varying degrees of reduction from 1.66 to 12.04 GHz.
A novel analytical approach to vertical dynamic vibration of pipe‐pile groups considering soil‐plug effect
Authors: Meng Kun , Li Xiubing , Cui Chunyi , Zhong Mingchen , Liu Hailong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA novel pile‐to‐pile interaction model for pipe piles that considers the soil‐plug effect is established based on the Novak plane‐strain soil model. Subsequently, the pipe‐pile dynamic interaction factor and dynamic impedance of pipe‐pile groups are derived using the superposition method. The accuracy of the proposed analytical solution is confirmed by comparison with experimental results and existing solutions. Finally, numerical results are obtained to study the influence of the soil‐plug height, shear modulus of the soil, pile spacing, and pile outer radius on the pipe‐pile dynamic interaction factor and dynamic impedance of pipe‐pile groups. The results indicate that the effect of the soil‐plug height on the pipe‐pile dynamic interaction factor and dynamic impedance is significant, whereas the shear modulus of the soil plug has virtually no effect. The proposed analytical solution can be applied to determine the optimal values of pile and soil parameters during the dynamic design of pipe‐pile groups.
A shear‐transformation‐zone model for time‐dependent behaviours of clay
Authors: Guo Ning , Li Wenlong , Yang Zhongxuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA shear‐transformation‐zone (STZ) model is proposed for time‐dependent behaviours of clay, in which the viscoplastic deformation is described by the evolution of a temperature‐like state variable. The model is featured by rate‐dependent dilatancy and a unique critical state stress ratio. In its present form, it has nine parameters, most of which can be handily calibrated, and can predict the rate‐dependent undrained shear strength, primary, and secondary creep, as well as stress relaxation for normally consolidated clay under complex stress paths using a single set of parameters. The capabilities of the model have been verified by available experimental results on five different clays.
Use of alpha‐adrenergic antagonists for lower urinary tract symptoms is not associated with worsening cognitive function
Authors: Berto Fernanda Gabrigna , McClure J. Andrew , Campbell Jeffrey , Welk Blayne 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionAlpha‐adrenergic antagonists are widely prescribed for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), however there has been a report that their use is associated with dementia. Our objective was to investigate if new users of alpha‐adrenergic antagonists with varying levels of cognitive impairment had an increased risk of cognitive decline compared to non‐users.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study, utilizing data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) data set. After applying relevant exclusion criteria, 916 people who were newly using alpha‐antagonist medications were matched with a propensity score to 916 who were not using these medications. The primary outcome was a clinically relevant cognitive decline measured by the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) Dementia Staging Instrument or the mini mental state examination (MMSE). Secondary outcomes included scores from other cognitive assessment tools.ResultsThe matched cohorts did not differ significantly in baseline characteristics. There were no statistically significant differences in baseline or follow‐up cognitive scores between those exposed and nonexposed to alpha‐adrenergic antagonists. Clinically significant cognitive decline (as defined by the CDR) occurred in 9.72% of the exposed group and 8.19% of the nonexposed group. There was no observed effect of alpha‐adrenergic antagonists on cognitive decline, as measured with the CDR (odds ratio [OR] 1.34, p = 0.14) or the MMSE (OR 0.98, p = 0.92). Stratified analyses by cognitive status and apolipoprotein E genotype interaction assessment also demonstrated no significant associations.ConclusionAlpha‐adrenergic antagonists for LUTS do not appear to increase the risk of cognitive decline, offering reassurance to clinicians and patients.
Quadrilateral surface mesh generation with improved quality by combination of triangles
Authors: Gao Jingchen , Xiao Zhoufang , Xu Chenhao , Shen Shuwei , Xu Gang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractQuadrilateral mesh is preferred in numerical simulation compared with triangular mesh, but high‐quality and robust quadrilateral mesh generation for complex geometries remains a challenging problem. In this study, an enhanced indirect method by the combination of triangles is proposed for the generation of high‐quality quadrilateral mesh. It takes a triangular mesh as the input, and except that the number of elements needs to be even, the triangular mesh can be generated by the commonly used AFT method or Delaunay method. To ensure the quality of the combined quads, a local‐global triangular remeshing procedure is conducted first, and size gradation and vertex valence are focused in this step. Then, the well‐known Blossom algorithm is used to find the perfect matching triangles for combination. Finally, in order to reduce the number of unnecessary singularities, a connectivity optimization procedure is introduced to replace the irregular elements in local regions with regular elements and thus improve the overall quality of the combined quads. Numerical experiments on meshes in both 2D and 3D cases are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Oxime chemistry in crop protection
Authors: Lamberth Clemens 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAn overview is given on the significance of the oxime moiety in crop protection chemistry. This review focuses on the two most important aspects of agrochemical oximes, which are the occurrence and role of oxime groups in compounds with herbicidal, fungicidal and insecticidal activity, as well as the application of oxime derivatives as intermediates in the synthesis of crop protection agents not bearing any oxime function. Especially noteworthy is the fact, that in the synthesis of agrochemicals, oximes can be cyclized to isooxazoline, isoxazole, oxadiazole, oxazine, pyrrole, isothiazole and imidazole rings. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
A back propagation neural network based respiratory motion modelling method
Authors: Jiang Shan , Li Bowen , Yang Zhiyong , Li Yuhua , Zhou Zeyang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study presents the development of a backpropagation neural network‐based respiratory motion modelling method (BP‐RMM) for precisely tracking arbitrary points within lung tissue throughout free respiration, encompassing deep inspiration and expiration phases.MethodsInternal and external respiratory data from four‐dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) are processed using various artificial intelligence algorithms. Data augmentation through polynomial interpolation is employed to enhance dataset robustness. A BP neural network is then constructed to comprehensively track lung tissue movement.ResultsThe BP‐RMM demonstrates promising accuracy. In cases from the public 4DCT dataset, the average target registration error (TRE) between authentic deep respiration phases and those forecasted by BP‐RMM for 75 marked points is 1.819 mm. Notably, TRE for normal respiration phases is significantly lower, with a minimum error of 0.511 mm.ConclusionsThe proposed method is validated for its high accuracy and robustness, establishing it as a promising tool for surgical navigation within the lung.
Ecological effects of land use and land cover changes on lakes in urban environments
Authors: Krishnan Ganga , Shanthi Priya Radhakrishnan , Senthil Ramalingam 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUrban lakes confront significant threats due to changes in land use and land cover (LULC) resulting from urbanization and subsequent climate change. This review discusses the intricate effects of the urban heat island phenomenon on lakes, specifically attributed to LULC changes. Utilizing the Scopus and Web of Science databases, this study gathers the most pertinent earlier research in the LULC and water bodies. This study systematically categorizes variables into five distinct groups and scrutinizes the drivers, parameters, tools, and management strategies influencing the LULC dynamics on lakes. A research gap is identified in understanding the conjoined impacts of LULC and urban heat island effects within urban lake environments. The review further investigates diverse ways in which LULC impacts lakes, intersecting with multiple United Nations sustainable development goals (SDGs), notably SDGs 6, 11, 13, and 15. Consequently, this review serves as a valuable contribution to the understanding of LULC to provide substantial benefits to the urban climate research toward meeting SDGs.
Low‐Symmetry 2D t‐InTe for Polarization‐Sensitive UV‐Vis‐NIR Photodetection
Authors: Zhou Nan , Dang Ziwei , Li Haoran , Sun Zongdong , Deng Shijie , Li Junhao , Li Xiaobo , Bai Xiaoxia , Xie Yong , Li Liang , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPolarization‐sensitive photodetection grounded on low‐symmetry 2D materials has immense potential in improving detection accuracy, realizing intelligent detection, and enabling multidimensional visual perception, which has promising application prospects in bio‐identification, optical communications, near‐infrared imaging, radar, military, and security. However, the majority of the reported polarized photodetection are limited by UV–vis response range and low anisotropic photoresponsivity factor, limiting the achievement of high‐performance anisotropic photodetection. Herein, 2D t‐InTe crystal is introduced into anisotropic systems and developed to realize broadband‐response and high‐anisotropy‐ratio polarized photodetection. Stemming from its narrow band gap and intrinsic low‐symmetry lattice characteristic, 2D t‐InTe‐based photodetector exhibits a UV–vis–NIR broadband photoresponse and significant photoresponsivity anisotropy behavior, with an exceptional in‐plane anisotropic factor of 1.81@808 nm laser, surpassing the performance of most reported 2D counterparts. This work expounds the anisotropic structure‐activity relationship of 2D t‐InTe crystal, and identifies 2D t‐InTe as a prospective candidate for high‐performance polarization‐sensitive optoelectronics, laying the foundation for future multifunctional device applications.
Deeply Discharged, Quiescently Stable, and Long‐Life Zn Anode by Spontaneous SEI Formation
Authors: Yu Jin , Yi Zhehan , Yan Xiao , Chen Rui , Tan Shandong , Li Pinxiang , Zhang Tao , Zhang Hang , Liang Ji , Hou Feng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractZn ion batteries (ZIBs) are a promising candidate in safe and low‐cost large‐scale energy storage applications. However, significantly deteriorated cycling stability of Zn anode in high depth of charge or after long‐term quiescence impedes the practical application of ZIBs. Aiming at the above issue, a spontaneous solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation of Zn4(OH)6SO4·xH2O (ZHS) on Zn powder is achieved in pure ZnSO4 electrolyte by facile and rational interface design. The stable and ultrathin ZHS SEI plays a crucial part in insulating water molecules and conducting Zn2+ ions, intrinsically suppressing the severe hydrogen evolution and dendrite formation on the Zn powder anode. The ZHS‐Zn anode delivers a stable cycling at a high DOD of 50% for over 500 h, as well as a lifespan of over 200 h after 40‐days of resting at a DOD of 25%. Benefiting from the high utilization of Zn anode, the energy density of the Zn‐MnxV2O5 full cell is up to 118 Wh Kg−1. This facile method can fabricate the ZHS‐Zn anode as long as 1 m, revealing its feasibility in large‐scale production and commercialization.
Construction of an Axial Charge Transfer Channel Between Single‐Atom Fe Sites and Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Supports for Boosting Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Cheng Jiahao , Zhang Zheng , Shao Jibin , Wang Tang , Li Rui , Zhang Wang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe introduction of axial‐coordinated heteroatoms in Fe─N─C single‐atom catalysts enables the significant enhancement of their oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance. However, the interaction relationship between the axial‐coordinated heteroatoms and their carbon supports is still unclear. In this work, a gas phase surface treatment method is proposed to prepare a series of X─Fe─N─C (X = O, P, and S) single‐atom catalysts with axial X‐coordination on graphitic‐N‐rich carbon supports. Synchrotron‐based X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure spectra and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicate the formation of an axial charge transfer channel between the graphitic‐N‐rich carbon supports and single‐atom Fe sites by axial O atoms in O─Fe─N─C. As a result, the O─Fe─N─C exhibits excellent ORR performance with a half‐wave potential of 0.905 V versus RHE and a high specific capacity of 884 mAh g−1 for zinc–air battery, which is superior to other X─Fe─N─C catalysts without axial charge transfer and the commercial Pt/C catalyst. This work not only demonstrates a general synthesis strategy for the preparation of single‐atom catalysts with axial‐coordinated heteroatoms, but also presents insights into the interaction between single‐atom active sites and doped carbon supports.
Intelligent privacy‐preserving data management framework for medicine supply chain system
Authors: Hathaliya Jigna J. , Tanwar Sudeep 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn today's era, the pharmaceutical industry has integrated blockchain to secure the sensitive information of medicines, wherein public and private blockchains are used to preserve the security and privacy of the medicine supply chain data. However, conventional blockchains often limit scalability due to limited storage. Moreover, blockchain has loopholes; for example, it is not able to prove the validity of the data prior to being stored in the blockchain, which leads to fake data being added to the blockchain. As a result, it causes an issue of data provenance. Motivated by this, the proposed framework incorporated artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to enhance the efficiency of the medicine supply chain data. The proposed framework integrated machine learning (ML) and blockchain, where ML classifies the valid and invalid data of the medicine supply chain, whereas blockchain stores only valid data and maintains its security and privacy. This identification helps the blockchain to verify medicine supply chain data before adding it to the blockchain. Additionally, we employed an InterPlanetary file system (IPFS) that saves medicine supply chain data and computes its hash to offer decentralized storage. Further, this hash data is stored on a private Hyperledger Fabric blockchain, which requires minimal storage instead of storing an entire large file. This minimal storage optimizes the process of data storage and retrieval in the Hyperledger Fabric blockchain, which enhances the scalability of the proposed framework. Finally, the result of the proposed framework is assessed in two phases: ML and blockchain, wherein the ML model's performance is measured by statistical measures and the blockchain‐based result is assessed using several performance parameters such as throughput is around (618 transactions per second), latency (0.12 s), response time (11 s) and data rate (282 Mbps).
Suzhi Discourse as a Structural Component of Institutionalized Individualism in Post-Maoist China
Authors: Constantin Sandra V. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis third chapter sheds light on how the State’s discourse on population “quality” (suzhi) represents a sophisticated means of governance from afar.Initially emerging in the 1980s, the concept focused on population control. Eugenic slogans promoting “fewer births, better births” reflected a belief that both genetic and environmental factors shape quality. This approach aimed to cultivate a vibrant, competitive youth capable of propelling China onto the global stage.In the 1990s and 2000s, the discourse gained prominence and underwent a shift. It ultimately encompasses moral, intellectual, psychological, ideological and physical characteristics. Zhang Weiqing’s 2007 speech highlights the Party-State’s push for an ideal of quality that would produce competent workers and citizens.The concept is infused through various organizations, including TV dramas. The chapter argues that the State Administration of Radio, Film, and Television controlling their content shown in, TV series act as powerful vehicles for norm dissemination. They actively participate in the socialization of the population. The chapter examine five TV dramas and how they depict the transition to adulthood through the prism of this discourse.
A Life-Course Perspective on the Individualization Process in Post-collectivist China
Authors: Constantin Sandra V. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAfter an introduction to the life-course perspective, this fourth chapter gives an overview of the research design. It details the reasons behind the choice of the birth-cohorts under study: the “generation of new China” and the “generation of reforms” that encapsulate the profound transformations from Maoist collectivism to Deng Xiaoping’s era of economic reforms.Furthermore, the chapter reveals how the mixed methods research design was built and it gives insights into the sample composition. The qualitative strand of the research captures variations in the transition to adulthood experienced by 45 individuals born between 1978 and 1993. It unveils lived experiences, challenges, and authentic voices. The quantitative strand reveals the journey to adulthood of 615 young people born between 1980 and 1985, and of 301 people born between 1950 and 1959. The quantitative data are retrospective longitudinal data. They were collected using a life-course matrix (calendar) to provide complete information on individuals’ biographical paths and their temporality.In the initial phase of the research, qualitative and quantitative data were separately analyzed to address specific dimensions of the research question. The chapter explains that subsequent step involved triangulation, facilitating the integration of insights from both data types.
Luigi Moretti’s Formalised Methods and his Use of Mathematics in the Design Process of Architettura Parametrica’s Swimming Stadiums
Authors: Canestrino Giuseppe 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The use of mathematical structures as a design tool by Luigi Moretti, the first theorist of Architettura Parametrica, is an unexplored theme even though he repeatedly stressed their importance in his writings. Moretti proposed that bringing design thinking closer to mathematical formalisations could profoundly renew the discipline of architecture. However, he also warns that these formalisations may overwhelm architecture’s values to which a numerical dimension cannot be associated. The reconstruction and discussion of the mathematics behind his swimming stadiums featured in the 1960 Architettura Parametrica exhibition permits us to understand how Moretti intended a design process informed by formalised methods. This paper proposes a novel reading, based on unpublished archival sources and presented with both theoretical and practical approaches, of one the first applications that interweaves formal methods, mathematics, digital tools and scientific thought in architecture.
Retrograde intramedullary nail fixation with oblique fixed angle screws versus locking plates in periprosthetic supracondylar fractures after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Rudolph Franziska , Brand Alexander G. , Osterhoff Georg , Kleber Christian , Roth Andreas , Fakler Johannes K. M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Common surgical procedures in the treatment of periprosthetic distal femur fractures (PPFF) include osteosynthesis with fixed angle locking plates (LP) and retrograde intramedullary nails (RIN). This study aimed to compare LPs to RINs with oblique fixed angle screws in terms of complications, radiographic results and functional outcome.

Methods
63 PPFF in 59 patients who underwent treatment in between 2009 and 2020 were included and retrospectively reviewed. The anatomic lateral and posterior distal femoral angle (aLDFA and aPDFA) were measured on post-surgery radiographs. The Fracture Mobility Score (FMS) pre- and post-surgery, information about perceived instability in the operated leg and the level of pain were obtained via a questionnaire and previous follow-up (FU) examinations in 30 patients (32 fractures).

Results
The collective (median age: 78 years) included 22 fractures treated with a RIN and 41 fractures fixed with a LP. There was no difference in the occurrence of complications (median FU: 21.5 months) however the rate of implant failures requiring an implant replacement was higher in fractures treated with a LP (p = 0.043). The aPDFA was greater in fractures treated with a RIN (p = 0.04). The functional outcome was comparable between both groups (median FU: 24.5 months) with a lower outcome in the post-surgery FMS (p =  < 0.001).

Conclusion
Fractures treated with RIN resulted in an increased recurvation of the femur however the rate of complications and the functional outcome were comparable between the groups. The need for implant replacements following complications was higher in the LP group.