bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of utstein-based score to predict return of spontaneous circulation (UB-ROSC) in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Caputo M , Fasolino A , Baldi E , Burkart R , Wilmes A , Cresta R , Benvenuti C , Primi R , Currao A , Bendotti S , Compagnoni S , Gentile F R , Savastano S , Klersy C , Auricchio A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
None.

Background and aims
The Utstein Based-ROSC (UB-ROSC) score has been developed to predict ROSC in OHCA victims. Aim of the study was to validate the UB-ROSC score using two Utstein-based OHCA registries: the SWiss REgistry of Cardiac Arrest (SWISSRECA) and the Lombardia Cardiac Arrest Registry (Lombardia CARe), northern Italy.

Methods
Consecutive patients with OHCA of any etiology occurring between January 1st, 2019 and December 31st 2021 were included in a prospectively designed validation study. UB-ROSC score was computed for each patient and categorized in one of 3 subgroups:low, medium or high likelihood of ROSC according to the UB-ROSC cut-offs (≤-19; -18 to 12; ≥13). To assess the performance of the UB-ROSC score in this new cohort, we assessed both discrimination and calibration. The score was plotted against the survival to hospital admission.

Results
A total of 12,577 patients were included in the study. A sustained ROSC was obtained in 2,719 patients (22%). The UB-ROSC model resulted well calibrated and showed a good discrimination (AUC 0.71, 95% CI 0.70-0.72). In the low likelihood subgroup of UB-ROSC, only 9% of patients achieved ROSC, whereas the proportion raised to 36% for a score between -18 and 12 (OR 5.0, 95% CI 2.9-8.6, P&lt;0.001) and to 85% for a score ≥ 13 (OR 49.4, 95%CI 14.3-170.6, P &lt;0.001).

Conclusions
UB-ROSC score represents a reliable tool to predict ROSC probability in OHCA patients. Its application may help the medical decision-making process, providing a realistic stratification of the probability for ROSC.
Temporal and regional trends of case-fatality in patients hospitalized with acute respiratory distress syndrome in Germany
Authors: Sagoschen I , Keller K , Farmakis I , Lurz P , Hobohm L 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
None.

Aims
Significant progress has been made in understanding the pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, ARDS it is still a life-threatening medical condition with a high mortality rate. Little is known about temporal trends and regional variations in Germany.

Methods
We analyzed data on the characteristics, comorbidities and in-hospital outcomes for all hospitalized patients with ARDS in Germany between 2005 and 2019. Diagnoses were coded according to the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision with German Modification (ICD-10-GM), and diagnostic, surgical or interventional procedures according to the German Procedure Classification (OPS, surgery and procedures codes. The computed study analyses were performed on our behalf by the Research Data Center of the Federal Statistical Office and the Statistical Offices of the federal states in Wiesbaden, Germany.

Results
Overall, 8,369,723 inpatients aged ≥18 years were included in this analysis; among these, 155,872 (1.9%) were codes with the diagnosis of ARDS. The annual number of ARDS cases increased from 7,286 in 2005 to 13,722 in 2019 in parallel with a significant decrease of in-hospital mortality. Overall, 74,751 (48.0%) patients with ARDS died during the in-hospital stay and in-hospital case-fatality grew exponentially with age. Independent predictors of in-hospital fatality with an OR &gt;2 were age ≥70 years, necessity of ECMO, severe liver disease, acute renal failure, dialysis, shock and cardio-pulmonary resuscitation. Most patients with ARDS were treated in hospitals in urban areas (n=56,582) with a high case-fatality rate (49.7%), but also with concomitant high proportion rate of mechanical ventilation (23.7%) compared to hospitals in suburban or rural areas.

Conclusion
The number of patients with ARDS increased markedly in Germany between 2005 and 2019, in parallel with a decrease of in-hospital fatality. Our findings may suggest that general management of ARDS have improved over time and might draw more attention to predictors for in-hospital fatality in patients hospitalized with ARDS. The need for mechanical ventilation and a poor outcome was more likely in urban areas – this might be accentuated by patient transfer to specialized high care centers usually located in urban settings.
Predictive value of procalcitonin for early atrial fibrillation recurrence post-cardioversion at the emergency department
Authors: Diakantonis A , Bistola V , Verras C , Boultadakis A , Bezati S , Parissis J , Polyzogopoulou E 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
None.

Background
Cardioversion of acute atrial fibrillation (AF) in the emergency department (ED) has been shown to be a safe and effective treatment strategy that allows direct discharge from the ED thereby reducing avoidable hospitalizations. However, early AF recurrence may present a limitation, thereby necessitating the identification of predictors of AF recurrence post-ED cardioversion.

Methods
117 patients with acute AF (first detected or recurrent paroxysmal) of &lt;48 hours duration, managed by pharmacological (PC) or electrical cardioversion (EC) at the ED were prospectively enrolled upon ED presentation. Clinical, echocardiography, routine laboratory and NT-proBNP and procalcitonin assessments were performed upon presentation. We investigated the utility of inflammatory biomarker procalcitonin as predictor of acute success of cardioversion and early AF recurrence up to 30 days post-cardioversion.

Results
Study group consisted of 50% males, of mean(±SD) age 67±12years, 41% with first episode and 59% with paroxysmal AF, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 54±7% and left atrial diameter (LAD) 39±5mm. Median (IQR) creatinine, NTproBNP, hsTroponinT and procalcitonin were: 0.9(0.8-1.1)mg/dl, 517(137-1454)pg/ml, 11.8(6.7-19)pg/ml and 0.03(0.02-0.05)pg/ml, respectively. Of the total group, 59% had paroxysmal and 41% first-episode AF, whereas 70% received EC and 30% PC. Acute cardioversion success was achieved in 81%, while sinus rhythm was maintained in 84% at 8 days and in 86% in 30 days post-cardioversion. In univariate regression analysis, lower procalcitonin levels were associated with higher acute cardioversion success [HR, 95%CI: 0.208(0.050-0.863), p=0.031] as well as lower risk of AF recurrence at 8 days [HR, 95%CI: 0.142(0.028-0.730), p=0.019] and 30 days post-cardioversion [HR, 95%CI: 0.190(0.044-0.818), p=0.026]. Predictive value of procalcitonin was maintained after adjustment for LAD in multivariate regression (all p&lt;0.05).

Conclusions
In acute AF managed by cardioversion in the ED, procalcitonin, a marker of inflammatory stimulation, may predict acute non-response as well as early AF recurrence up to 30 days post-cardioversion.
Anatomy of a premodern state
Authors: Costa Leonor Freire , Henriques António , Palma Nuno 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We provide a blueprint for constructing measures of state capacity in premodern states, offering several advantages over the current state of the art. We argue that assessing changing state capacity requires considering the composition of revenues, expenditure patterns, and local-level budgets. As an application, we examine the case of Portugal (1367–1844). Our findings demonstrate that throughout most of this extended period, Portugal maintained comparatively high fiscal and legal capacities. This challenges claims that Portugal’s economic decline from the second half of the eighteenth century was due to low state capacity.
Lactate metabolism promotes in vivo fitness during Acinetobacter baumannii infection
Authors: Morris Faye C , Jiang Yan , Fu Ying , Kostoulias Xenia , Murray Gerald L , Yu Yusong , Peleg Anton Y 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most prevalent causes of nosocomial infections worldwide. However, a paucity of information exists regarding the connection between metabolic capacity and in vivo bacterial fitness. Elevated lactate is a key marker of severe sepsis. We have previously shown that the putative A. baumannii lactate permease gene, lldP, is upregulated during in vivo infection. Here, we confirm that lldP expression is upregulated in three A. baumannii strains during a mammalian systemic infection. Utilising a transposon mutant disrupted for lldP in the contemporary clinical strain AB5075-UW, and a complemented strain, we confirmed its role in the in vitro utilisation of l-(+)-lactate. Furthermore, disruption of the lactate metabolism pathway resulted in reduced bacterial fitness during an in vivo systemic murine competition assay. The disruption of lldP had no impact on the susceptibility of this strain to complement mediated killing by healthy human serum. However, growth in biologically relevant concentrations of lactate observed during severe sepsis, led to bacterial tolerance to killing by healthy human blood, a phenotype that was abolished in the lldP mutant. This study highlights the importance of the lactate metabolism pathway for survival and growth of A. baumannii during infection.
Associations and Mediating Pathways Between Childhood Adversity and Risk of Dementia: A Cohort Study in the UK Biobank
Authors: Hu Wei , Zhang Wei-Bo , Liu Bao-Peng , Jia Cun-Xian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
While childhood adversity (CA) is known to be associated with multiple adverse outcomes, its link with dementia is an area with limited exploration and inconsistent agreement. The study aimed to examine the longitudinal associations of CA with incident all-cause dementia and to quantify the potential mediating pathways.

Methods
Data from the UK Biobank. CA, encompassing neglect and abuse, was evaluated retrospectively by an online mental health questionnaire. Physical performance, psychological factors, lifestyles, and biological indicators assessed at baseline were considered potential mediators. Incident all-cause dementia was defined by International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes obtained through self-reported medical conditions, primary care, hospital admission, and death registrations. Cox proportional hazard models were applied to estimate the longitudinal associations. Mediation analyses were conducted on potential mediators to examine their contribution.

Results
This cohort study comprised 150 152 nondemented individuals (mean [SD] age, 55.9 [7.7] years) at baseline (2006–2010). Compared to individuals who did not experience CA, those exposed to any CA exhibited a 30.0% higher risk of dementia (hazard ratio = 1.300, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.129–1.496). Each additional CA was associated with a 15.5% (95% CI: 8.8%–22.5%, pfor trend &lt; .001) increased dementia risks. Depression, smoking, and low grip strength explained 8.7%, 2.4%, and 0.9% of the associations, respectively. Biomarkers involving inflammation, erythrocytes, liver, and kidney function mediated the associations by 0.6%–1.4%.

Conclusions
The study revealed the detrimental effects of CA on dementia and identified some potential mediators, namely depression, smoking, low grip strength, and several targeted biomarkers. In addition to calling more attention to CA, the findings underscore the importance of interventions targeting modifiable mediators in preventing dementia.
Educational Attainment Moderates Task-State Control Network Connectivity Relations to Response Conflict Among Healthy Older Adults
Authors: Pipoly Marco , Lee Hyun Kyu , Hazeltine Eliot , Voss Michelle W 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Older adult executive function varies widely due to brain and cognitive aging. Variance in older adult executive function is linked to increased response conflict from cognitive and brain aging. Cognitive reserve (CR) is a theoretical protective mechanism that lessens brain aging’s impact on cognition and is associated with greater educational attainment. Recent work in rest-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) suggests CR proxies moderate the relationship between functional connectivity (FC) and cognitive performance. Brain network FC in “control networks,” including the salience (SN), dorsal attention and frontoparietal networks, are associated with cognitive processes in older adults. CR is hypothesized to maintain cognitive processing in part through changes in how brain networks respond to cognitive demands. However, it is unclear how CR proxies like educational attainment are related to control network FC during performance when cognitive demands are increased relative to rest. Because CR is expressed more in those with higher education, we hypothesized stronger control network FC would relate to better performance, where this relationship would be strongest among the most educated.

Methods
We collected flanker task data during fMRI to assess the impact of a CR proxy (i.e., educational attainment) on response conflict among older adult subjects (n = 42, age = 65–80).

Results
Linear mixed-effects models showed more educated older adults with greater SN-FC had a smaller flanker effect (i.e., less influence of distractors; p &lt; .001) during task performance.

Discussion
For the first time, we show that educational attainment moderates the relationship between task-state SN-FC and executive function among older adults.
The electric vehicle sector in Brazil, India, and South Africa: Are there green windows of opportunity?
Authors: Lema Rasmus , Wuttke Tobias , Konda Primoz 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The shift to electric mobility is driving disruptive transformations in the automotive sector worldwide. It poses significant but different opportunities and challenges to incumbents and latecomers at both the firm and country levels. China’s green industrial policy has facilitated its rapid catching up and even leapfrogging in some domains of electromobility. This article asks whether the exploitation of this window of opportunity can be replicated in other latecomer countries. Accordingly, it provides a comparative analysis of the automotive green window of opportunity in Brazil, India, and South Africa, three emerging economies with long established but structurally different automotive industries. To do so, it examines domestic preconditions, policy and enterprise responses, and preliminary industrial development outcomes. Although all the three countries face constraints in replicating China’s relative success, the article shows how green opportunities and threats are unequally divided between the three countries.
Humoral Correlates of Protection Against Influenza A/H3N2 Virus Infection
Authors: Hoy Gregory , Stadlbauer Daniel , Balmaseda Angel , Kuan Guillermina , López Roger , Carreno Quiroz Juan Manuel , Ojeda Sergio , Sánchez Nery , Yellin Temima , Plazaola Miguel , Frutos Aaron , Krammer Florian , Gordon Aubree 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Influenza virus remains a threat to human health, but gaps remain in our knowledge of the humoral correlates of protection against influenza virus A/H3N2, limiting our ability to generate effective, broadly protective vaccines. The role of antibodies against the hemagglutinin (HA) stalk, a highly conserved but immunologically subdominant region, has not been established for influenza virus A/H3N2.

Methods
Household transmission studies were conducted in Managua, Nicaragua, across 3 influenza seasons. Household contacts were tested for influenza virus infection using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. We compared preexisting antibody levels against full-length HA, HA stalk, and neuraminidase (NA) measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, along with hemagglutination inhibition assay titers, between infected and uninfected participants.

Results
A total of 899 individuals participated in household activation, with 329 infections occurring. A 4-fold increase in initial HA stalk titers was independently associated with an 18% decrease in the risk of infection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.82 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .68–.98]; P = .04). In adults, anti-HA stalk antibodies were independently associated with protection (aOR, 0.72 [95% CI, .54–.95]; P = .02). However, in 0- to 14-year-olds, anti-NA antibodies (aOR, 0.67 [95% CI, .53–.85]; P &lt; .01) were associated with protection against infection, but anti-HA stalk antibodies were not.

Conclusions
The HA stalk is an independent correlate of protection against A/H3N2 infection, though this association is age dependent. Our results support the continued exploration of the HA stalk as a target for broadly protective influenza vaccines but suggest that the relative benefits may depend on age and influenza virus exposure history.
Declining Antibody Affinity Over Time After Human Vaccination With a Plasmodium falciparum Merozoite Vaccine Candidate
Authors: Persson Kristina E M , Horton Jessica L , Kurtovic Liriye , McCarthy James S , Anders Robin F , Beeson James G 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Maintaining high-affinity antibodies after vaccination may be important for long-lasting immunity to malaria, but data on induction and kinetics of affinity is lacking. In a phase 1 malaria vaccine trial, antibody affinity increased following a second vaccination but declined substantially over 12 months, suggesting poor maintenance of high-affinity antibodies.

Clinical Trials Registration
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12607000552482.
Tibetan Buddhism in the Age of Waste
Authors: Brox Trine 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Taking examples from lived Tibetan Buddhism, this article explores the role of religion in the generation, sorting, and handling of waste that is produced or ends up in the religious field. Rather than assuming that waste is the negative and worthless endpoint of consumption, it introduces the concepts of “waste imaginaries” and “waste trajectories” to examine the importance of religion in the relationship between how and why things come to be defined and sorted as waste and the ways in which they are then handled and treated. By examining how Tibetan Buddhists talk about and act around different kinds of waste, both sacred and banal, the article unfolds the moral politics of waste, showing how waste trajectories are negotiated through changing and sometimes conflicting waste imaginaries.
An Evaluation of Burn Fellowship Program Websites’ Presence and Content
Authors: Mayorga-Young Danielle , LaGuardia Jonnby , Zaronias Callista , Park Won , Bell Derek 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Fellowship program websites pertaining to various subspecialties have been evaluated according to the amount and type of content they communicate to prospective applicants. This study aimed to evaluate what information specifically burn fellowship programs communicate through their websites and to what extent, if at all. In total, 10 of the 30 unique burn fellowship programs, American Burn Association (ABA)-verified or otherwise, identified through the ABA website did not have official websites which could be readily located at the time of data collection. Thus, 20 burn fellowship program websites were included in the analysis. Burn fellowship program websites were assessed according to 23 criteria relating to recruitment, education, and social life. On average, each website contained an average of 8.5 ± 2.6 criteria (range, 2-13), with all of them listing a program contact email/phone, and 95% containing a program description. Only 35% of programs listed the faculty, and a single program advertised alumni job placement. Neither the total number of fellows, the total number of clinical faculty, nor the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education accreditation status were significantly associated with the amount or type of content. Geographic region was associated with a significant difference in the amount of education-related content. Fellowship program websites are important to prospective applicants when comparing programs and deciding where to apply. These results show where burn fellowship programs can increase the amount of publicly available information that applicants tend to find helpful in order to hopefully both diversify and tailor their applicant pool to those whose goals align with the programs’.
Osteomodulin deficiency in mice causes a specific reduction of transversal cortical bone size
Authors: Zhao Wenbo , von Kroge Simon , Jadzic Jelena , Milovanovic Petar , Sihota Praveer , Luther Julia , Brylka Laura , von Brackel Felix N , Bockamp Ernesto , Busse Björn , Amling Michael , Schinke Thorsten , Yorgan Timur A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Skeletal growth, modeling, and remodeling are regulated by various molecules, one of them being the recently identified osteoanabolic factor WNT1. We have previously reported that WNT1 transcriptionally activates the expression of Omd, encoding Osteomodulin (OMD), in a murine mesenchymal cell line, which potentially explained the skeletal fragility of mice with mutational WNT1 inactivation, since OMD has been shown to regulate type I collagen fibril formation in vitro. In this study we confirmed the strong induction of Omd expression in a genome-wide expression analysis of transfected cells, and we obtained further evidence for Omd being a direct target gene of WNT1. To assess the in vivo relevance of this regulation, we crossed Omd-deficient mice with a mouse line harboring an inducible, osteoblast-specific Wnt1 transgene. After induction of Wnt1 expression for 1 or 3 weeks, the osteoanabolic potency of WNT1 was not impaired despite the Omd deficiency. Since current knowledge regarding the in vivo physiological function of OMD is limited, we next focused on skeletal phenotyping of wild-type and Omd-deficient littermates, in the absence of a Wnt1 transgene. Here we did not observe an impact of Omd deficiency on trabecular bone parameters by histomorphometry and μCT either. Importantly, however, male and female Omd-deficient mice at the ages of 12 and 24 weeks displayed a slender bone phenotype with significantly smaller long bones in the transversal dimension, while the longitudinal bone growth remained unaffected. Although mechanical testing revealed no significant changes explained by impaired bone material properties, atomic force microscopy of the femoral bone surface of Omd-deficient mice revealed moderate changes at the nanostructural level, indicating altered regulation of collagen fibril formation and aggregation. Taken together, our data demonstrate that, although OMD is dispensable for the osteoanabolic effect of WNT1, its deficiency in mice specifically modulates transversal cortical bone morphology.