bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bursting as a source of non‐linear determinism in the firing patterns of nigral dopamine neurons
Authors: Jeong Jaeseung , Shi Wei‐Xing , Hoffman Ralph , Oh Jihoon , Gore John C. , Bunney Benjamin S. , Peterson Bradley S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractNigral dopamine (DA) neurons in vivo exhibit complex firing patterns consisting of tonic single‐spikes and phasic bursts that encode information for certain types of reward‐related learning and behavior. Non‐linear dynamical analysis has previously demonstrated the presence of a non‐linear deterministic structure in complex firing patterns of DA neurons, yet the origin of this non‐linear determinism remains unknown. In this study, we hypothesized that bursting activity is the primary source of non‐linear determinism in the firing patterns of DA neurons. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the dimension complexity of inter‐spike interval data recorded in vivo from bursting and non‐bursting DA neurons in the chloral hydrate‐anesthetized rat substantia nigra. We found that bursting DA neurons exhibited non‐linear determinism in their firing patterns, whereas non‐bursting DA neurons showed truly stochastic firing patterns. Determinism was also detected in the isolated burst and inter‐burst interval data extracted from firing patterns of bursting neurons. Moreover, less bursting DA neurons in halothane‐anesthetized rats exhibited higher dimensional spiking dynamics than do more bursting DA neurons in chloral hydrate‐anesthetized rats. These results strongly indicate that bursting activity is the main source of low‐dimensional, non‐linear determinism in the firing patterns of DA neurons. This finding furthermore suggests that bursts are the likely carriers of meaningful information in the firing activities of DA neurons.
Mediators of the shame‐guilt‐psychological adjustment relationship
Authors: LYNCH JOHN S. , HILL ERIC D. , NAGOSHI JULIE L. , NAGOSHI CRAIG T. 
Published: July 2012

Lynch, J. S., Hill, E. D., Nagoshi, J. L. & Nagoshi, C. T. Mediators of the shame‐guilt‐psychological adjustment relationship. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 53, 437–443.A college student sample (109 women, 90 men) was administered measures of psychological adjustment, shame, guilt, personal fear of invalidity, and aspects of empathy, including personal distress in emergencies and fantasy involvement. Consistent with previous studies, shame but not guilt was significantly positively correlated with poor psychological adjustment. Path analyses with bootstrapped mediation tests indicated that the shame‐adjustment relationship was significantly mediated by fear of invalidity, personal distress, and fantasy involvement. A novel finding was that the relationship between guilt and maladjustment was significantly mediated by proneness to fantasy. The findings are discussed in terms of an integrated theory of the shame‐fear/distress‐maladjustment relationship as a framework for understanding the maladaptive, individualistic shame experience.
Microhabitat Variation Explains Local‐scale Distribution of Terrestrial Amazonian Lizards in Rondônia, Western Brazil
Authors: Garda Adrian A. , Wiederhecker Helga C. , Gainsbury Alison M. , Costa Gabriel C. , Pyron R. Alexander , Calazans Vieira Gustavo H. , Werneck Fernanda P. , Colli Guarino R. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe investigate the role of ecology and phylogeny in the association between lizard abundance and microhabitat variables in an Amazon rain forest site. Using pitfall trap arrays, we collected data from 349 individuals belonging to 23 lizard species. After accounting for spatial autocorrelation and using a canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), we found that lizard captures were significantly associated with microhabitat variables, which accounted for 48 percent of the observed variation. Furthermore, a canonical phylogenetic ordination (CPO) indicated that microhabitat variables are more important in determining the distribution of lizard species than phylogenetic relationships among species. Termite nests, canopy openness, and tree circumference were strongly associated with the number of captures of certain lizard species. Our results confirm autecology studies of individual lizard species for which data are available. We suggest that maintaining heterogeneous forested microhabitats should be a central goal for sustaining a high lizard biodiversity in Amazon rain forests.
Adherence to Blood Pressure Telemonitoring in a Cluster‐Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Kerby Tessa J. , Asche Stephen E. , Maciosek Michael V. , O’Connor Patrick J. , Sperl‐Hillen JoAnn M. , Margolis Karen L. 
Published: July 2012

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012;14:668–674. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease and death worldwide. Advances in technology have added telemedicine as a tool for managing hypertension. The effectiveness of telemedicine depends on patients’ ability to adhere to schedules of home monitoring and case management. Participants with uncontrolled hypertension in the intervention arm of a randomized trial who completed 6 months of follow‐up were included in this analysis. They were asked to measure their blood pressure (BP) a minimum of 6 times per week using a telemonitor that transmitted the readings to their pharmacist case manager. Hypertensive patients in this study had high adherence to telemonitoring (73% took at least 6 BP readings per week) and phone visits (88% of expected visits were attended). In a multivariate analysis, older age, male sex, and some college education predicted better telemonitoring adherence. White non‐Hispanic race/ethnicity predicted better adherence to phone visits with pharmacist case managers. Telemonitoring adherence and phone adherence were highly correlated; participants who did not send readings on schedule were more likely to skip at least one phone visit with their pharmacist case manager. The findings from this analysis indicate that hypertensive patients in this study were able to achieve and maintain high adherence to both the telemonitoring and the phone case management visits.
Unusual presentation of a spinal epidural abscess
Authors: Noy Mariana Luisa , George Scaria 
Published: July 2012

A 59-year-old female patient presented with a 3-day history of abdominal pain and confusion. She had no significant medical history. On admission her Glasgow Coma Scale was 14/15; she was septic and examination revealed right upper quadrant tenderness. She deteriorated quickly, becoming acidotic and hypoxic, and was sedated, intubated and transferred to the intensive care unit.Blood tests revealed raised inflammatory markers and blood cultures grewStaphylococcus aureus. Initial CT head revealed raised intracranial pressure and she was treated for meningoencephalitis. Repeat CT head 12 days later showed resolving oedema, and a lumbar puncture was attempted. This drew only frank pus and an abscess was suspected. CT spine confirmed a possible paravertebral abscess. Once extubated, MRI spine was possible which confirmed spinal epidural abscesses—1 month postadmission. These were rapidly drained by the neurosurgical team and the patient is currently receiving rehabilitation in a specialist centre.
Patterns of abdominal injury in 37 387 disaster patients from the Wenchuan earthquake
Authors: Xu Yinglong , Huang Jiwei , Zhou Jixiang , Zeng Yong 
Published: July 2012

ObjectivesDue to lack of sufficient data it is difficult to understand fully the pattern of abdominal injury after an earthquake. This study aimed to evaluate the pattern of abdominal injury by analysing the data of trauma patients with abdominal injury incurred during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 37 387 inpatients. Among them, 883 (2.36%) cases of abdominal injury were deemed eligible and enrolled for analysis. The data analysed included demographics, category of abdominal injury, associated injury type, cause of injury, treatment and clinical outcome, as well as risk factors for death.ResultsAbdominal injury was often accompanied with multiple injuries. Injury of the abdominal wall was the most frequent type of earthquake-related abdominal injury (32%). The spleen was the most commonly injured abdominal organ (18%). Of the 883 patients evaluated, 221 cases received operations and 41 cases died. The highest death rate was found in patients with haemorrhagic shock (28/41, 68.3%) caused by intra-abdominal bleeding.ConclusionsAbdominal injuries are relatively uncommon in earthquake disasters and often present with associated injuries. A timely and complete diagnosis of both abdominal as well as associated injuries is of primary importance in the treatment of patients with abdominal injuries. Knowledge of different types of abdominal injury, and their relative proportions, prevalence of associated injuries, risk factors and final clinical outcomes observed in this study may be of valuable reference in dealing with major earthquake events in the future.
Tissue oxygen saturation measurement in prehospital trauma patients: a pilot, feasibility study
Authors: Lyon Richard M , Thompson Julian , Lockey David J 
Published: July 2012

BackgroundThis study evaluated the feasibility of prehospital tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) in major trauma patients.MethodsA prospective, pilot feasibility study carried out in a physician based prehospital trauma service.ResultsPrehospital StO2was recorded on 13 patients. Continuous StO2monitoring was achieved on all patients, despite intermittent failure of pulse oximetry and non-invasive blood pressure monitoring in six patients. No adverse outcomes of StO2monitoring were reported. The specific equipment used was reported to be inconveniently bulky and heavy for use in the prehospital setting.ConclusionsPrehospital measurement and monitoring of StO2is feasible in trauma patients undergoing prehospital anaesthesia and may be useful in the early identification of shock, triggering of transfusion protocols and guiding fluid resuscitation.
Validation of a Radiosensitivity Molecular Signature in Breast Cancer
Authors: Eschrich Steven A. , Fulp William J. , Pawitan Yudi , Foekens John A. , Smid Marcel , Martens John W.M. , Echevarria Michelle , Kamath Vidya , Lee Ji-Hyun , Harris Eleanor E. , Bergh Jonas , Torres-Roca Javier F. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Purpose: Previously, we developed a radiosensitivity molecular signature [radiosensitivity index (RSI)] that was clinically validated in 3 independent datasets (rectal, esophageal, and head and neck) in 118 patients. Here, we test RSI in radiotherapy (RT)-treated breast cancer patients.
Experimental Design: RSI was tested in 2 previously published breast cancer datasets. Patients were treated at the Karolinska University Hospital (n = 159) and Erasmus Medical Center (n = 344). RSI was applied as previously described.
Results: We tested RSI in RT-treated patients (Karolinska). Patients predicted to be radiosensitive (RS) had an improved 5-year relapse-free survival when compared with radioresistant (RR) patients (95% vs. 75%, P = 0.0212), but there was no difference between RS/RR patients treated without RT (71% vs. 77%, P = 0.6744), consistent with RSI being RT-specific (interaction term RSI × RT, P = 0.05). Similarly, in the Erasmus dataset, RT-treated RS patients had an improved 5-year distant metastasis-free survival over RR patients (77% vs. 64%, P = 0.0409), but no difference was observed in patients treated without RT (RS vs. RR, 80% vs. 81%, P = 0.9425). Multivariable analysis showed RSI is the strongest variable in RT-treated patients (Karolinska, HR = 5.53, P = 0.0987, Erasmus, HR = 1.64, P = 0.0758) and in backward selection (removal α of 0.10), RSI was the only variable remaining in the final model. Finally, RSI is an independent predictor of outcome in RT-treated ER+ patients (Erasmus, multivariable analysis, HR = 2.64, P = 0.0085).
Conclusions: RSI is validated in 2 independent breast cancer datasets totaling 503 patients. Including prior data, RSI is validated in 5 independent cohorts (621 patients) and represents, to our knowledge, the most extensively validated molecular signature in radiation oncology. Clin Cancer Res; 18(18); 5134–43. ©2012 AACR.
Vitamin E Protects against Lipid Peroxidation and Rescues Tumorigenic Phenotypes in Cowden/Cowden-like Patient-Derived Lymphoblast Cells with Germline SDHx Variants
Authors: Ni Ying , Eng Charis 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Purpose: Cowden syndrome (CS), a Mendelian autosomal-dominant disorder, predisposes to breast, thyroid, and other cancers. Germline variations in succinate dehydrogenase genes (SDHx) occur in approximately 10% PTEN mutation-negative CS and CS-like (CSL) individuals (SDHvar+). We previously showed that SDHx variants result in elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), disruption of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) equilibrium, and destabilization of p53 hence apoptosis resistance in CS/CSL patient-derived lymphoblastoid cells. In the present study, we sought to address the tumorigenic impacts of increased ROS and the potential of protecting SDHvar+ cells with antioxidants.
Experimental Design: We measured the lipid peroxidation levels in patient-derived SDHvar+ lymphoblastoid cells and sequenced 74 controls or SDHvar+ germline DNA samples for mitochondrial hypervariable region II (HVRII) polymorphisms. SDHvar+ lymphoblastoid cells were treated with various antioxidants to check p53 expression and sub-G1 cell population with cell-cycle analysis.
Results: We showed that elevated ROS results in higher lipid peroxidation in SDHvar+ cells. Accumulation of polymorphisms in mitochondrial HVRII was observed in SDHvar+ samples. Interestingly, α-tocopherol (vitamin E) treatment, but not other antioxidants, rescued SDHvar+ cells from apoptosis resistance and protected SDHvar+ cells from oxidative damage such as decreased lipid peroxidation as well as partially recovered p53 expression and NAD/NADH levels.
Conclusions: We conclude that disruption of complex II because of SDHx variants leads to increased ROS generation, specifically accompanied by lipid peroxidation. The lipid soluble antioxidant α-tocopherol can selectively protect SDHvar+ cells from oxidative damage, apoptosis resistance, and rebalance redox metabolites NAD/NADH. Clin Cancer Res; 18(18); 4954–61. ©2012 AACR.
Novel Assessment of Temporal Variation in Fractionated Electrograms Using Histogram Analysis of Local Fractionation Interval in Patients With Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Lin Yenn-Jiang , Suenari Kazuyoshi , Lo Men-Tzung , Lin Chen , Hsieh Wan-Hsin , Chang Shih-Lin , Lo Li-Wei , Hu Yu-Feng , Cheng Chen-Chuan , Kihara Yasuki , Chao Tze-Fan , Hartono Beny , Wu Tsu-Juey , Lin Wei-Shiang , Hsu Ke-Hsin , Kibos Ambrose S. , Huang Norden E. , Chen Shih-Ann 
Published: July 2012

Background—
The characteristics of atrial electrograms associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) termination are controversial. We investigated the electrogram characteristics that indicate procedural AF termination during continuous complex fractionated electrogram ablation.

Methods and Results—

Fifty-two consecutive patients with persistent AF (47 men; aged 54±9 years), who underwent electrogram-based catheter ablation in the left atrium and coronary sinus after pulmonary vein isolation, were enrolled. The intracardiac bipolar atrial electrogram recordings were characterized by (1) fractionation interval (FI) analysis (>6 seconds), (2) kurtosis (shape of the FI histogram), and (3) skewness (asymmetry of the FI histogram). Sites showing complex, fractionated electrograms (mean FI ≤60 ms) were targeted, and AF was terminated in 20 patients (38%) after the pulmonary vein isolation. The conventional complex fractionated electrogram sites (mean ≤120 ms) in patients with AF termination exhibited higher median kurtosis (2.69 [interquartile range, 2.03–3.46] versus 2.35 [interquartile range, 1.79–2.48];
P
=0.024) and higher complex fractionated electrogram-mean interval (102.7±19.8 versus 87.7±15.0;
P
=0.008) than patients without AF termination. Furthermore, AF termination sites had higher median kurtosis than targeted sites without AF termination (5.13 [interquartile range, 3.51–6.47] versus 4.18 [interquartile range, 2.91–5.34];
P
<0.01) in patients with procedural termination. In addition, patients with AF termination had a higher sinus rhythm maintenance rate after a single procedure than patients without AF termination (log-rank test,
P
=0.007).

Conclusions—
A kurtosis analysis using the FI histogram may be a useful tool in identifying the critical substrate for persistent AF and potential responders to catheter ablation.
Impaired Natural Killer Cell Phenotype and Function in Idiopathic and Heritable Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Ormiston Mark L. , Chang Chiwen , Long Lu L. , Soon Elaine , Jones Des , Machado Rajiv , Treacy Carmen , Toshner Mark R. , Campbell Kate , Riding Alex , Southwood Mark , Pepke-Zaba Joanna , Exley Andrew , Trembath Richard C. , Colucci Francesco , Wills Mark , Trowsdale John , Morrell Nicholas W. 
Published: July 2012

Background—
Beyond their role as innate immune effectors, natural killer (NK) cells are emerging as important regulators of angiogenesis and vascular remodeling. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by severe pulmonary vascular remodeling and has long been associated with immune dysfunction. Despite this association, a role for NK cells in disease pathology has not yet been described.

Methods and Results—

Analysis of whole blood lymphocytes and isolated NK cells from PAH patients revealed an expansion of the functionally defective CD56
−
/CD16
+
NK subset that was not observed in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. NK cells from PAH patients also displayed decreased levels of the activating receptor NKp46 and the killer immunoglobulin-like receptors 2DL1/S1 and 3DL1, reduced secretion of the cytokine macrophage inflammatory protein-1β, and a significant impairment in cytolytic function associated with decreased killer immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DL1 expression. Genotyping patients (n=222) and controls (n=191) for killer immunoglobulin-like receptor gene polymorphisms did not explain these observations. Rather, we show that NK cells from PAH patients exhibit increased responsiveness to transforming growth factor-β, which specifically downregulates disease-associated killer immunoglobulin-like receptors. NK cell number and cytotoxicity were similarly decreased in the monocrotaline rat and chronic hypoxia mouse models of PAH, accompanied by reduced production of interferon-γ in NK cells from hypoxic mice. NK cells from PAH patients also produced elevated quantities of matrix metalloproteinase 9, consistent with a capacity to influence vascular remodeling.

Conclusions—
Our work is the first to identify an impairment of NK cells in PAH and suggests a novel and substantive role for innate immunity in the pathobiology of this disease.
Trends, Correlates, and Disease Patterns of Antidepressant Use Among Children and Adolescents in Taiwan
Authors: Chien I-Chia , Hsu Yuan-Chang , Tan Happy Kuy-Lok , Lin Ching-Heng , Cheng Shu-Wen , Chou Yiing-Jenq , Chou Pesus 
Published: July 2012

The authors used a population-based database to investigate antidepressant use among children and adolescents in Taiwan. The National Health Research Institutes provided a database of 1 000 000 random subjects for study. The authors adopted this sample of subjects who were younger than 18 years during 1997 to 2005. Subjects with at least 1 antidepressant prescription were identified. Trends, prevalence, associated factors, and disease patterns of antidepressant use were detected. The 1-year prevalence of pediatric antidepressant use increased from 0.27% in 1997 to 0.47% in 2005. The 1-year prevalence of tricyclic antidepressant, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, and other antidepressant use among pediatric population was 0.23%, 0.20%, and 0.08%, respectively, in 2005. The prevalence of pediatric antidepressant use increased from 1997 to 2005. Among pediatric subjects with antidepressant use, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and other antidepressants were used the most for psychiatric disorders, whereas tricyclic antidepressant was used the most for nonpsychiatric disorders.
The Jones Fracture Classification, Management, Outcome, and Complications
Authors: Dean Benjamin John Floyd , Kothari Alpesh , Uppal Harpal , Kankate Raghubir 
Published: July 2012

Background. The Jones fracture has been a topic of controversy ever since being first described by Sir Robert Jones himself in 1902. The aim of this review is to summarize the classification, management, outcome, and complications of this particular injury. Methods. The authors conducted a systematic review of the scientific literature regarding the Jones fracture. Results. There was no consistent approach to the Jones fracture classification. The rate of nonunion with nonoperative treatment is high in both acute and chronic cases. Surgical intervention reduces the incidence of nonunion, but the complication rate of surgery is high. Conclusions. Surgical intervention for the acute Jones fracture should be reserved for the athletic individual because there is a clear advantage in terms of time to return to sporting activity. Nonoperative treatment remains a viable alternative to surgery in all acute and delayed cases, providing there is no established nonunion and the patient is aware of the implications. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV