bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Farmer‐friendly delivery of veterinary services: Experimental insights from the Kenyan dairy sector
Authors: Maina Kevin W. , Parlasca Martin C. , Rao Elizaphan J. O. , Qaim Matin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPoor health conditions of livestock cause sizeable losses for many farmers in the Global South. Veterinary services, including vaccinations, could help but often fail to reach farmers under typical smallholder conditions. Here, we examine how the provision of a vaccine against East Coast Fever (ECF)—a tick‐borne disease affecting cattle in Africa—can be designed to reduce typical adoption barriers. Using data from a choice experiment with dairy farmers in Kenya, we evaluate farmers' preferences and willingness to pay for various institutional innovations in vaccine delivery, such as a stronger role of dairy cooperatives, new payment modalities with a check‐off system, vaccination at farmers' homestead, and bundling vaccinations with discounts for livestock insurance. Our data reveal that farmers' awareness of the ECF vaccine is limited and adoption rates are low, largely due to institutional constraints. Results from mixed logit and latent class models suggest that suitable institutional innovations—tailored to farmers' heterogeneous conditions—could significantly increase adoption. This general finding likely also holds for other veterinary technologies and services in the Global South.
Computed tomography pulmonary angiogram ordering, adherence to decision rules and yield in the emergency department: An observational study
Authors: Saini Saransh Kumar , Khan Zain Saleem , Do Victor , Keijzers Gerben 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivePulmonary embolism (PE) frequently requires diagnosis through CT pulmonary angiogram (CTPA). Appropriate application of evidence‐based clinical decision tools can reduce unnecessary CTPAs. This study assessed adherence to and the efficacy of various aspects of the Queensland Health suspected PE diagnostic pathway, including Wells score, PE rule out criteria (PERC) and age‐adjusted D‐dimer interpretation.MethodsRetrospective study of CTPAs ordered from 1 January to 30 April 2023 in a tertiary and urban ED in Southeast Queensland. Data on clinical variables, D‐dimer and CTPA results were collected through medical record and radiology database review. Descriptive analyses were used to determine adherence to Queensland guidelines and performance of D‐dimer interpretation tools (including comparison of age‐adjusted PE with a new pre‐test probability [PTP]‐based model using D‐dimer cut‐off <1000 ng/mL for Wells score ≤4 and 500 ng/mL for Wells score 4.5–6).ResultsA total of 573 CTPAs were available for analysis with a 12.4% (95% confidence interval 10.0–15.4) diagnostic yield. Stratification by Wells score showed yields of 4.0%, 18.5% and 41% for low‐, moderate‐ and high‐risk patients, respectively. Twenty‐five patients with low‐PTP who received CTPA could have been excluded with the PERC rule. Age‐adjusted D‐dimer interpretation may have prevented 26 CTPAs with no false negatives, whereas PTP approach may have prevented 128 CTPAs with four false negatives.ConclusionGuideline adherence can be improved, and adherence to existing clinical decision tools may reduce unnecessary CTPA ordering and increase diagnostic yield. The use of the age‐adjusted D‐dimer had good sensitivity, whereas the new PTP approach will require further prospective research.
Effect of free and bound proanthocyanidins from Chinese quince on heterocyclic aromatic amine formation and quality in fried chicken
Authors: Wang Shou‐Tao , Zhang Chen‐Xia , Deng Yan‐Hong , Qiu Zhao‐Jie , Chen Zi‐Meng , Qin Zhao , Ma Yu‐Xiang , Liu Hua‐Min , Wang Xue‐De 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe abilities of Chinese quince free proanthocyanidins (FP) and bound proanthocyanidins (BP) at different levels (0.1%, 0.15%, and 0.3%) to mitigate heterocyclic aromatic amine (HAA) formation in fried chicken patties were investigated for the first time and compared with vitamin C (Vc). FP and BP reduced HAAs in a dose‐dependent manner. Significantly, high concentrations of FP (0.3%) resulted in a reduction of PhIP, harman, and norharman levels by 59.84%, 22.91%, and 38.21%, respectively, in chicken patties. The addition of proanthocyanidins significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the weight loss of fried chicken patties. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed among pH, weight loss, and total HAA formation in all three groups (FP, BP, and Vc). Multivariate analysis showed that FP had a more pronounced effect than BP from the perspective of enhancing the quality of fried chicken patties and reducing the formation of HAAs. These results indicate that proanthocyanidins, both BP and FP, but especially FP, from Chinese quince can inhibit the formation of carcinogenic HAAs when added to protein‐rich foods that are subsequently fried.
Coffee leaf extract inhibits advanced glycation end products and their precursors: A mechanistic study
Authors: Sun Yu , Xie Wenwen , Huang Yuanyuan , Chen Xiumin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractExcessive accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the body is associated with diabetes and its complications. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential and mechanism of coffee leaf extract (CLE) in inhibiting the generation of AGEs and their precursors in an in vitro glycation model using bovine serum albumin and glucose (BSA–Glu) for the first time. High‐performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed that CLE prepared with ultrasound pretreatment (CLE‐U) contained higher levels of trigonelline, mangiferin, 3,5‐dicaffeoylquinic acid, and γ‐aminobutyric acid than CLE without ultrasound pretreatment (CLE‐NU). The concentrations of these components, along with caffeine and rutin, were dramatically decreased when CLE‐U or CLE‐NU was incubated with BSA–Glu reaction mixture. Both CLE‐U and CLE‐NU exhibited a dose‐dependent inhibition of fluorescent AGEs, carboxymethyllysine, fructosamine, 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural, 3‐deoxyglucosone, glyoxal, as well as protein oxidation products. Notably, CLE‐U exhibited a higher inhibitory capacity compared to CLE‐NU. CLE‐U effectively quenched fluorescence intensity and increased the α‐helix structure of the BSA–Glu complex. Molecular docking results suggested that the key bioactive compounds present in CLE‐U interacted with the arginine residues of BSA, thereby preventing its glycation. Overall, this research sheds light on the possible application of CLE as a functional ingredient in combating diabetes by inhibiting the generation of AGEs.
The diverse cities of global urban climate governance
Authors: Papin Marielle , Fortier Jacob 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGlobal politics has shown increasing interest in cities, particularly in the field of climate policy and governance. Yet, we still have little understanding of which cities engage the most in global urban climate governance. Answering this question is a first step towards understanding who decides for whom in a system that has decisive influence on wider global policy processes. In this article, we seek to identify and analyse the characteristics and position of cities in global urban climate governance to reassess its composition. To do so, we conduct a social network analysis of 15 transnational city networks. Results emphasise that global and large cities are the most central, but small and middle‐size cities are the most numerous actors of the system. Global South cities are larger than their Northern counterparts in the system. Those less central and understudied actors likely have less influence over which norms are shared, yet they should not be seen as followers or imitators of climate policy. It is important to pay more attention to them to understand their multifaceted role in cities' collective efforts to address climate change.
Harmful compared to what? The problem of gaming and ambiguous causal questions
Authors: Magnusson Kristoffer , Johansson Fred , Przybylski Andrew K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsThere has been much concern regarding potential harmful effects of video game‐play in the past 40 years, but limited progress in understanding its causal role. This paper discusses the basic requirements for identifying causal effects of video game‐play and argues that most research to date has focused upon ambiguous causal questions.MethodsVideo games and mental health are discussed from the perspective of causal inference with compound exposures; that is, exposures with multiple relevant variants that affect outcomes in different ways.ResultsNot only does exposure to video games encompass multiple different factors, but also not playing video games is equally ambiguous. Estimating causal effects of a compound exposure introduces the additional challenge of exposure‐version confounding.ConclusionsWithout a comparison of well‐defined interventions, research investigating the effects of video game‐play will be difficult to translate into actionable health interventions. Interventions that target games should be compared with other interventions aimed at improving the same outcomes.
Mortality from the 1944–1945 famine in Java, Indonesia
Authors: van der Eng Pierre 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article examines the human toll of the 1944–1945 famine in Java, Indonesia's main island. It estimates birth and death rates for the Indonesian population in Java during 1941–1951. Using the net population loss method, the article approximates a net loss of 3.3 million people during the 1942–1945 Japanese occupation period. This includes 1.8 million excess deaths; 0.7 million during 1944 and 1.1 million during 1945. The remainder are 1.4 million missing births in 1944 and 1945, associated with the malnutrition of women of childbearing ages and physical separation of wives from husbands recruited by Japanese authorities for forced labour.
Digitally‐enabled, person‐centred care (PCC) in allergen immunotherapy: An ARIA‐EAACI Position Paper
Authors: Pfaar Oliver , Sousa‐Pinto Bernardo , Papadopoulos Nikolaos G. , Larenas‐Linnemann Désirée E. , Ordak Michal , Torres Maria J. , Mösges Ralph , Klimek Ludger , Zuberbier Torsten , Matricardi Paolo M. , Berger Uwe E. , Berger Markus , Dramburg Stephanie , Mahler Vera , Toppila‐Salmi Sanna K. , Bergmann Karl‐Christian , Ollert Markus , Tripodi Salvatore , Jutel Marek , Agache Ioana , Eguiluz‐Gracia Ibon , Canonica G. Walter , Akdis Cezmi A. , Sokolowska Milena , Sofiev Mikhail , Shamji Mohamed H. , Czarlewski Wienczyslawa , Fonseca Joao A. , Bedbrook Anna , Bousquet Jean 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn rhinitis and asthma, several mHealth apps have been developed but only a few have been validated. However, these apps have a high potential for improving person‐centred care (PCC), especially in allergen immunotherapy (AIT). They can provide support in AIT initiation by selecting the appropriate patient and allergen shared decision‐making. They can also help in (i) the evaluation of (early) efficacy, (ii) early and late stopping rules and (iii) the evaluation of (carried‐over) efficacy after cessation of the treatment course. Future perspectives have been formulated in the first report of a joint task force (TF)—Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) and the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)—on digital biomarkers. The TF on AIT now aims to (i) outline the potential of the clinical applications of mHealth solutions, (ii) express their current limitations, (iii) make proposals regarding further developments for both clinical practice and scientific purpose and (iv) suggest which of the tools might best comply with the purpose of digitally‐enabled PCC in AIT.
Orchid trade at the source: Epiphytic species with conspicuous flowers in low‐elevation forests are more locally collected in a Philippine key biodiversity area
Authors: Pitogo Kier Mitchel E. , Saavedra Aljohn Jay L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOrchids are the most heavily traded plant group globally, putting pressure on wild populations in many source countries like the Philippines. Despite its rich orchid diversity, there remains a notable gap in understanding the factors driving orchid trade within the country. To address this knowledge gap and support orchid conservation efforts, we utilized a 5‐year orchid diversity dataset extensively collected through floristic field and village garden surveys in one of the largest key biodiversity areas in the southern Philippines. We employed a trait‐based approach to investigate ecological drivers of local orchid collection within this source area. Our results show that around 36% of local orchid diversity have predicted collection risks of ≥50%. Notably, locally collected orchid species exhibited multiple, large, and conspicuously colored flowers that are found in low‐elevation forests and higher up in forest stratum. Elevational distribution and flower size emerged as the strongest predictors, potentially influencing collection preferences. Our analysis of predicted collection risks underscores the vulnerability of both threatened and non‐threatened orchid species to local collection pressures. Moreover, we highlight the practical utility of our trait‐based approach in predicting risks and informing management strategies for local orchid conservation. This research marks a significant step toward identifying ecological drivers influencing orchid trade at its source, providing insights that can inform targeted conservation strategies across many key biodiversity areas for this highly diverse, charismatic, and threatened plant family.
CD44v5 domain regulates crosstalk between TNBC cells and tumor‐associated macrophages by enhancing the IL‐4R/STAT3 axis
Authors: Dai Yanhua , Ji Zhongjian , Liang Hongyan , Jiang Meng , Wang Lan , Bao Xinyi , Liu Jiaren , Liu Ming , Yang Chun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) has greater infiltration of M2‐like macrophages (TAMs), which enhances cancer cell invasion and leads to a poor prognosis. TNBC progression is mediated by both tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here we elucidate the mechanism of the interaction between TNBC cells and TAMs. In this study, we confirmed that CD44v5 is highly expressed in TNBC, which drives TNBC cell metastasis and promotes TAM polarization by co‐localizing with IL4Rα and inhibiting its internalization and degradation, thereby promoting activation of the STAT3/IL6 signaling axis. At the same time, TAMs also facilitate TNBC cell metastasis by secreting IL‐4, IL‐6, and other cytokines, in which the IL‐4/IL‐4R/STAT3/IL‐6 signaling axis plays the same role for TNBC cells responding to TAMs. Moreover, we found that the above progress could be suppressed when the CD44v5 domain was blocked. We demonstrated that the CD44v5/IL‐4R/STAT3/IL‐6 signaling pathway plays a key role in TNBC cell metastasis, and in TNBC cells inducing TAM polarization and responding to TAMs, promoting metastasis. Collectively, we suggest that the CD44v5 domain may be a promising target for regulating the TME of TNBC as well as treating TNBC.
Structural and molecular insights from dual inhibitors of EGFR and VEGFR2 as a strategy to improve the efficacy of cancer therapy
Authors: Budipramana Krisyanti , Sangande Frangky 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor 2 (VEGFR2) are known as valid targets for cancer therapy. Overexpression of EGFR induces uncontrolled cell proliferation and VEGF expression triggering angiogenesis via VEGFR2 signaling. On the other hand, VEGF expression independent of EGFR signaling is already known as one of the mechanisms of resistance to anti‐EGFR therapy. Therefore, drugs that act as dual inhibitors of EGFR and VEGFR2 can be a solution to the problem of drug resistance and increase the effectiveness of therapy. In this review, we summarize the relationship between EGFR and VEGFR2 signal transduction in promoting cancer growth and how their kinase domain structures can affect the selectivity of an inhibitor as the basis for designing dual inhibitors. In addition, several recent studies on the development of dual EGFR and VEGFR2 inhibitors involving docking simulations were highlighted in this paper to provide some references such as pharmacophore features of inhibitors and key residues for further research, especially in computer‐aided drug design.
How does caregiver–child conversation during a scientific storybook reading impact children's mindset beliefs and persistence?
Authors: Haber Amanda S. , Kumar Sona C. , Leech Kathryn A. , Corriveau Kathleen H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study explores how caregiver–child scientific conversation during storybook reading focusing on the challenges or achievements of famous female scientists impacts preschoolers' mindset, beliefs about success, and persistence. Caregiver–child dyads (N = 202, 100 female, 35% non‐White, aged 4–5, ƒ = .15) were assigned to one of three storybook conditions, highlighting the female scientist's achievements, effort, or, in a baseline condition, neither. Children were asked about their mindset, presented with a persistence task, and asked about their understanding of effort and success. Findings demonstrate that storybooks highlighting effort are associated with growth mindset, attribution of success to hard work, and increased persistence. Caregiver language echoed language from the assigned storybook, showing the importance of reading storybooks emphasizing hard work.
The Hippo signalling pathway in bone homeostasis: Under the regulation of mechanics and aging
Authors: Li Zhengda , Lin Junqing , Wu Jing , Suo Jinlong , Wang Zuoyun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Hippo signalling pathway is a conserved kinase cascade that orchestrates diverse cellular processes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, lineage commitment and stemness. With the onset of society ages, research on skeletal aging‐mechanics‐bone homeostasis has exploded. In recent years, aging and mechanical force in the skeletal system have gained groundbreaking research progress. Under the regulation of mechanics and aging, the Hippo signalling pathway has a crucial role in the development and homeostasis of bone. We synthesize the current knowledge on the role of the Hippo signalling pathway, particularly its downstream effectors yes‐associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co‐activator with PDZ‐binding motif (TAZ), in bone homeostasis. We discuss the regulation of the lineage specification and function of different skeletal cell types by the Hippo signalling pathway. The interactions of the Hippo signalling pathway with other pathways, such as Wnt, transforming growth factor beta and nuclear factor kappa‐B, are also mentioned because of their importance for modulating bone homeostasis. Furthermore, YAP/TAZ have been extensively studied as mechanotransducers. Due to space limitations, we focus on reviewing how mechanical forces and aging influence cell fate, communications and homeostasis through a dysregulated Hippo signalling pathway.
Effect of semaglutide 2.4 mg on physical functioning and weight‐ and health‐related quality of life in adults with overweight or obesity: Patient‐reported outcomes from the STEP 1–4 trials
Authors: Rubino Domenica , Bjorner Jakob B. , Rathor Naveen , Sharma Arya M. , von Huth Smith Lisa , Wharton Sean , Wadden Thomas , Zeuthen Niels , Kolotkin Ronette L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsTo summarize the effects of semaglutide 2.4 mg on weight‐related quality of life (WRQOL) and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL), focusing on the confirmatory secondary endpoint of physical functioning.Materials and MethodsThe STEP 1–4 Phase 3a, 68‐week, double‐blind, randomized controlled trials assessed the efficacy and safety of semaglutide 2.4 mg versus placebo in individuals with overweight/obesity. WRQOL and HRQOL were assessed by change from baseline to Week 68 in two different but complementary measures, the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life‐Lite Clinical Trials Version (IWQOL‐Lite‐CT; STEP 1 and 2) and the SF‐36v2 Health Survey Acute (SF‐36v2; STEP 1–4).ResultsSuperiority for semaglutide 2.4 mg over placebo based on IWQOL‐Lite‐CT and SF‐36v2 physical functioning scores was confirmed in STEP 1 and 2 and in STEP 1, 2 and 4, respectively. At Week 68, a greater proportion of participants treated with semaglutide 2.4 mg than with placebo reached meaningful within‐person change (MWPC) thresholds for IWQOL‐Lite‐CT Physical Function scores in STEP 1 (51.8% vs. 28.3%; p < 0.0001) and STEP 2 (39.6% vs. 29.5%; p = 0.0083) and the MWPC threshold for SF‐36v2 Physical Functioning in STEP 1 (39.8% vs. 24.1%; p < 0.0001), STEP 2 (41.0% vs. 27.3%; p = 0.0005) and STEP 4 (18.0% vs. 6.6%; p < 0.0001). All other IWQOL‐Lite‐CT and SF‐36v2 scale scores in STEP 1–4 were numerically improved with semaglutide 2.4 mg versus placebo, except for SF‐36v2 Role Emotional in STEP 2.ConclusionsSemaglutide 2.4 mg significantly improved physical functioning, with greater proportions of participants achieving MWPC compared with placebo, and showed beneficial effects on WRQOL and HRQOL beyond physical functioning.
Soluble receptor of advanced glycation end product as a biomarker in neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders: A meta‐analysis of controlled studies
Authors: Nameni Ghazaleh , Jazayeri Shima , Fatahi Somaye , Jamshidi Sanaz , Zaroudi Marsa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground & ObjectivesCurrently, there is a significant focus on the decrease of soluble receptor of advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) in neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders. sRAGE plays a decoy role against the inflammatory response of advanced glycation end products (AGE), which has led to increased interest in its role in these disorders. This meta‐analysis aimed to investigate the significant differences in sRAGE levels between neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders compared to control groups.MethodA systematic review was conducted using the PUBMED, Scopus and Embase databases up to October 2023. Two reviewers assessed agreement for selecting papers based on titles and abstracts, with kappa used to measure agreement and finally publications were scanned according to controlled studies. Effect sizes were calculated as weighted mean differences (WMD) and pooled using a random effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2, followed by subgroup analysis and meta‐regression tests. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale.ResultsIn total, 16 studies were included in the present meta‐analysis. Subjects with neurocognitive (n = 1444) and neuropsychiatric (n = 444) disorders had lower sRAGE levels in case–control (WMD: −0.21, 95% CI: −0.33, −0.10; p <.001) and cross‐sectional (WMD: −0.29, 95% CI = −0.44, −0.13, p <.001) studies with high heterogeneity and no publication bias. In subgroup analysis, subjects with cognitive impairment (WMD: −0.87, 95% CI: −1.61, −0.13, p =.000), and age >50 years (WMD: −0.39, 95% CI: −0.74, −0.05, p =.000), had lower sRAGE levels in case–control studies. Also, dementia patients (WMD: −0.41, 95% CI: −0.72, −0.10, p =.014) with age >50 years (WMD: −0.33, 95% CI: −0.54, −0.13, p = 0.000) and in Asian countries (WMD: −0.28, 95% CI: −0.42, −0.13, p =.141) had lower sRAGE levels in cross‐sectional studies.ConclusionThis meta‐analysis revealed a significant reduction in sRAGE in neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders particularly in Asians and moderate age.