bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemokines: established and novel targets in atherosclerosis
Authors: Koenen Rory R. , Weber Christian 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn their role as small chemotactic cytokines, chemokines are crucial mediators and regulators of leukocyte trafficking during immune surveillance and inflammation. Their involvement in the development and progression of inflammatory diseases has been subject of intense investigation. Concordantly, the chemokine system has been explored in search for therapeutic targets to prevent or treat inflammatory disorders, such as atherosclerosis. Targeting the chemokine system offers various entry points for a causative treatment of this widespread and chronic illness. Although this approach has encountered some setbacks, several innovative compounds are currently in an advanced stage of development. In this review, the current standing of this dynamic field is highlighted and the potential advantages and drawbacks of particular strategies are discussed.
Effects of CO2 on South African fresh water microalgae growth
Authors: Kativu Edmore , Hildebrandt Diane , Matambo Tonderayi , Glasser David 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSouth Africa obtains over 80% of its energy needs from fossil fuels. Latest research indicate that South Africa emits over 500 million tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) per year and is therefore ranked number eight as the world's CO2 emitter. Unabated or controlled emission of CO2 and other green house gases has largely contributed to detrimental global warming and adverse climatic change. Microalgae are capable of converting hazardous CO2 into valuable biomass. A high CO2 tolerating microalgae was collected from Johannesburg Zoo Lake and identified as Desmodemus sp. Batch cultures were grown in 1000 mL. Erlenmeyer flasks. CO2 was bubbled into the microalgae culture media. The media contained optimal nutrients, an optimal photoperiod and light intensity and controlled pH. CO2 concentrations of 100%, 50%, 25%, 10%, and 5% and total gas flow rates of 20, 50 and 100 mL/min were used. The aim of this study was to determine the effective flow rate and CO2 concentration that gave optimal microalgae growth. Microalgae dry mass contain 50% carbon and carbon is known to be a limiting factor when all other nutrients and environmental conditions are presents. When atmospheric air was supplied at 50 mL/min the growth rate was 0.1151 per day and it increased drastically by almost 5 folds when 100% CO2 was supplied at 50 mL/min. Using a gas flow rate of 20 mL/min and 10% CO2, growth rate increased to 1.42 per day with a dry biomass yield of 809.96 mg/L after 12 days of growth. At a gas flow rate of 50 mL/min, 5% CO2 and the highest growth rate was 1.993 per day and an overall biomass yield of 1200 mg/L and the average pH was 6.36. At 100% CO2 the growth rate was 1.265 per day and dry biomass yield obtained was 469.81 mg/L while the average pH was 5.12. When gas flow rate was increased to 100 mL/min using 5% CO2 the growth rate slightly reduced to 1.30 per day with a dry biomass yield of 1000 mg/L. A growth rate was 0.34 and dry biomass yield of 279.47 mg/L at an average pH of 5.09 were achieved at 100% CO2. Higher flow rates and higher concentrations resulted in slightly reduced growth due to low pH. These investigations indicate that the species under study is CO2 tolerant and it presents a viable CO2 abatement strategy. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2012
Potential scenarios for nanomaterial release and subsequent alteration in the environment
Authors: Nowack Bernd , Ranville James F. , Diamond Stephen , Gallego-Urrea Julian A. , Metcalfe Chris , Rose Jerome , Horne Nina , Koelmans Albert A. , Klaine Stephen J. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The risks associated with exposure to engineered nanomaterials (ENM) will be determined in part by the processes that control their environmental fate and transformation. These processes act not only on ENM that might be released directly into the environment, but more importantly also on ENM in consumer products and those that have been released from the product. The environmental fate and transformation are likely to differ significantly for each of these cases. The ENM released from actual direct use or from nanomaterial-containing products are much more relevant for ecotoxicological studies and risk assessment than pristine ENM. Released ENM may have a greater or lesser environmental impact than the starting materials, depending on the transformation reactions and the material. Almost nothing is known about the environmental behavior and the effects of released and transformed ENM, although these are the materials that are actually present in the environment. Further research is needed to determine whether the release and transformation processes result in a similar or more diverse set of ENM and ultimately how this affects environmental behavior. This article addresses these questions, using four hypothetical case studies that cover a wide range of ENM, their direct use or product applications, and their likely fate in the environment. Furthermore, a more definitive classification scheme for ENM should be adopted that reflects their surface condition, which is a result of both industrial and environmental processes acting on the ENM. The authors conclude that it is not possible to assess the risks associated with the use of ENM by investigating only the pristine form of the ENM, without considering alterations and transformation processes. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:50–59. © 2011 SETAC
Toxicity of aqueous C70-gallic acid suspension in Daphnia magna
Authors: Seda Brandon C. , Ke Pu-Chun , Mount Andrew S. , Klaine Stephen J. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The present study assessed the toxic effects of stable aqueous colloidal suspensions of gallic-acid-stabilized C70 fullerene on Daphnia magna. The suspensions were stabilized through noncovalent surface modification with gallic acid. In addition to whole-organism responses, changes in antioxidative processes in D. magna were quantified. Acute toxicity was observed with 96LC50 for C70-gallic acid of 0.4 ± 0.1 mg/L C70. Daphnia magna fecundity was significantly reduced in 21-d bioassays at C70-gallic aqcid concentrations below quantifiable limits. Antioxidant enzyme activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase as well as lipid peroxidation suggested that exposed organisms experienced oxidative stress. Microscopic techniques used to determine cellular toxicity via apoptosis proved unsuccessful. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:215–220. © 2011 SETAC
A subset of cutaneous and soft tissue mixed tumors are genetically linked to their salivary gland counterpart
Authors: Bahrami Armita , Dalton James D. , Krane Jeffrey F. , Fletcher Christopher D. M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractNeoplasms morphologically similar to mixed tumors and myoepitheliomas of the salivary glands, under the broad concept of myoepithelial neoplasia, have recently been defined in the skin and soft tissue; however, to date, no data have supported a shared genetic background with their salivary gland counterpart. From a large body of research, it has been well established that rearrangement of pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) leads to aberrant expression of its protein and is pathogenically relevant in the development of salivary mixed tumors. On the other hand, in soft tissue lesions, compelling evidence suggests that EWSR1 is involved in a significant subset. To examine the hypothesis that there is a genetic link between these histologically similar tumors at different sites, we randomly selected 20 benign myoepitheliomas/mixed tumors of skin and soft tissue (10 cases each). Nineteen cases could be immunostained for PLAG1, of which 11 cases showed distinct nuclear staining with moderate or strong intensity in a significant number of cells. Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization for PLAG1 was successfully performed in 11 cases (seven in skin and four in soft tissue) and was positive for gene rearrangement in eight cases (five in skin and three in soft tissue). All PLAG1‐rearranged tumors, except one, had clear‐cut ductal structures and were immunoreactive for PLAG1. In our series, tumors with PLAG1 alteration shared a common morphologic phenotype characterized by prominent tubuloductal differentiation, suggesting that myoepithelial neoplasms with genuine salivary gland‐like morphology, so‐called soft tissue/cutaneous mixed tumors, are genetically related to their salivary gland counterpart. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Systematic review of services providing information and/or advice to people with dementia and/or their caregivers
Authors: Corbett Anne , Stevens Jennifer , Aarsland Dag , Day Sarah , Moniz‐Cook Esme , Woods Robert , Brooker Dawn , Ballard Clive 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundInformation is a key part of service provision to people with dementia and their carers, but there is no systematic review of the evidence. This study aimed to determine whether information services confer significant benefit for quality of life, neuropsychiatric symptoms and carer burden.MethodA systematic review of intervention studies in people with dementia was carried out, focussing predominantly on the provision of information and/or advice.ResultsThirteen randomised controlled trials were identified. Two of the three studies measuring quality of life indicated benefit. Significant benefits were also evident for neuropsychiatric symptoms (points difference, −1.48; confidence interval, −2.11 to 0.86), but not carer burden. Most interventions included other key elements such as skills training, telephone support and direct help to navigate the medical and care system.ConclusionThere is some support for the value of information services, but studies are needed to determine the specific elements that are effective. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment of breast adenocarcinoma metastasis to the neck: Dedifferentiation of the tumor as suggested by hormone markers
Authors: Sproson Eleanor L. , Herd M. Kerry , Spedding Anne V. , Brennan Peter A. , Puxeddu Roberto 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundBreast carcinoma rarely metastasizes to the neck, and its management in this area is controversial. There is little published data about whether hormone receptor status changes between primary breast tumors and neck metastasis and whether this influences management.MethodsWe evaluated the demographics and treatment of 13 patients presenting with neck metastasis. We used immunochemistry to assess estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 in the primary and metastatic neck nodes.ResultsHormone receptor status changed in some patients (23% for estrogen receptor, and 31% for progesterone receptor). Three patients had complete excision of their neck disease and subsequent good local control. None of our patients survived despite treatment.ConclusionThe change in hormone status could suggest tumor dedifferentiation. Surgical resection, where possible, achieves good local control for these patients, but, because survival is poor, it is only recommended when it results in little significant morbidity. Head Neck, 2012
Improved treatment outcomes with18F‐FDG PET/CT for patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Haerle Stephan K. , Soyka M. B. , Schmid D. T. , Ahmad N. , Huber G. F. , Crook D. W. , Hany T. F. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess the impact of18F‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (18F‐FDG) PET/CT on survival for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma correlated with a matched patient cohort.MethodsIn all, disease in 58 patients was initially staged using18F‐FDG PET/CT. A case‐control analysis was done with 63 patients who disease was staged without18F‐FDG‐PET/CT.ResultsDisease‐specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) did not show significant differences between both groups. Statistical analysis revealed no difference in DSS and OS between the 2 groups for patients treated by radiochemotherapy (p= .975 andp= .671). In the analysis of survival in patients treated by a combined approach (surgery + radiochemotherapy), a significant difference in favor of patients evaluated by18F‐FDG PET/CT was found (p= .05 andp= .027).ConclusionsAddition of18F‐FDG PET/CT in patients treated by surgery and conformal radiochemotherapy improves outcome. This may be due to the more comprehensive topographic orientation of the primary tumor for the surgeon. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Successful administration of rituximab–bendamustine regimen in the relapse of Hodgkin lymphoma after autologous hemopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Magyari Ferenc , Simon Zsofia , Barna Sandor , Udvardy Miklos , Váróczy László , Illés Árpád 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectives. Treatment options for relapsing Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) are controversial after autologous hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Nevertheless, allogeneic HSCT may be curative if it is performed in complete remission. Case report. In 2007, a 22‐year‐old female patient was diagnosed with nodular sclerosis subtype of classical HL. Her clinical stage was IIAX with unfavorable prognosis. Eight courses of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine chemotherapy and involved field irradiation were applied, but after 3 months of complete remission, disseminated relapse was recognised by 18FDG‐PET/CT. After two cycles of salvage dexamethasone, cisplatinum, and cytosine arabinoside therapy, further progression was noticed, so the treatment was modified to ifosfamide, gemcitabine, vinorelbine, and prednisone (IGEV) regimen. After two cycles of IGEV regimen, she achieved a complete metabolic remission, which was confirmed by a 18FDG‐PET/CT scan again. She was referred for autologous‐HSCT, and a successful stem cell collection was performed in August 2008. However, a rapid progression was detected again, so total body irradiation was applied before the conditioning therapy with R‐mini‐BEAM regimen. The 18FDG‐PET/CT scan performed 100 days after the autologous‐HSCT was still positive. In December 2009, multiple nodal and extranodal progression was detected, so ifosfamide, carboplatine, etoposide, mesna protection rescue treatment was started, but it was ineffective. Based on sporadic data of the literature, rituximab–bendamustine therapy was started in March 2010. After four cycles, she achieved complete metabolic remission, which was verified by 18FDG‐PET/CT. The patient has been referred for an allogeneic HSCT with reduced intensity conditioning. Conclusions. Based on our experience, bendamustine–rituximab salvage therapy can be a suitable option for the treatment of post‐transplant progression or relapse of HL. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Presence of phthalate esters in intravenous solution evaluated using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method
Authors: Štrac Ivona Vidić , Pušić Maja , Gajski Goran , Garaj‐Vrhovac Vera 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTDi‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticizer widely used in the production of poly‐(vinyl) chloride (PVC) materials. It is a reproductive and developmental toxicant in animals and a suspected endocrine modulator in humans. DEHP is not covalently bound within the PVC molecule, which is why migration into a suitable medium can be expected. Since application of infusion solutions is one of the most common medical treatments, the objective of this study was to determine the migration of phthalates from softened PVC storage bags into infusion solution in different time periods within one year from date of production using a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method. The measured values of DEHP ranged between 0.22 and 14.00 µg l−1, but the unexpected presence of other phthalate esters was also detected. It was concluded that values obtained in infusion solutions match the reference data and represent a minor risk for the patient. The presence of other phthalate esters leads to the conclusion that the pharmacopeic requirement for polymer cleanness was not fully met. Since phthalate esters are among the most extensively used industrial chemicals and are widely distributed in the environment, special precautions and further monitoring should be conducted to minimize any possible health risks. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accuracy of blind versus ultrasound‐guided suprapatellar bursal injection
Authors: Bum Park Yong , Ah Choi Won , Kim Yong‐Kyun , Chul Lee Sang , Hae Lee Ji 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPurpose.To compare the accuracy rates between ultrasound (US)‐guided and blind knee intra‐articular injection via the suprapatellar bursa.Methods.Ninety‐nine patients with radiographically confirmed knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren/Lawrence grade 2 or 3) without effusion were included. Fifty patients were assigned to the US‐guided injection group and 49 to the blind injection group. After a US‐guided or blind injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) and contrast dye through the suprapatellar bursa into the knee joint, a radiographic image was obtained in each case to ascertain whether all injected material had reached the intra‐articular space.Results.US‐guided HA injection exhibited a significantly greater accuracy (48 of 50 knees, 96.0%) than blind injection (41 of 49 knees, 83.7%).Conclusions.Intra‐articular injections through the suprapatellar bursa under US guidance increased the accuracy of knee joint injections. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound,2011
Predicting antibiotic resistance to community‐acquired pneumonia antibiotics in culture‐positive patients with healthcare‐associated pneumonia
Authors: Madaras‐Kelly Karl J. , Remington Richard E. , Fan Vincent S. , Sloan Kevin L. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractOBJECTIVE:To develop and validate a model to predict resistance to community‐acquired pneumonia antibiotics (CAP‐resistance) among patients with healthcare‐associated pneumonia (HCAP), and to compare the model's predictive performance to a model including only guideline‐defined criteria for HCAP.DESIGN:Retrospective cohort study.SETTING:Six Veterans Affairs Medical Centers in the northwestern United States.PATIENTS:Culture‐positive inpatients with HCAP.MEASUREMENTS:Patients were identified based upon guideline‐defined criteria for HCAP. Relevant cultures obtained within 48 hours of admission were assessed to determine bacteriology and antibiotic susceptibility. Medical records for the year preceding admission were assessed to develop predictive models of CAP‐resistance with logistic regression. The predictive performance of cohort‐developed and guideline‐defined models was compared.RESULTS:CAP‐resistant organisms were identified in 118 of 375 culture‐positive patients. Of guideline‐defined criteria, CAP‐resistance was associated (odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)]) with: admission from nursing home (2.6 [1.6‐4.4]); recent antibiotic exposure (1.7 [1.0‐2.8]); and prior hospitalization (1.6 [1.0‐2.6]). In the cohort‐developed model, CAP‐resistance was associated with: admission from nursing home or recent nursing home discharge (2.3 [1.4‐3.8]); positive methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) history within 90 days of admission (6.4 [2.6‐17.8]) or 91‐365 days (2.3 [0.9‐5.9]); cephalosporin exposure (1.8 [1.1‐2.9]); recent infusion therapy (1.9 [1.0‐3.5]); diabetes (1.7 [1.0‐2.8]); and intensive care unit (ICU) admission (1.6 [1.0‐2.6]). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (aROC [95% CI]) for the cohort‐developed model (0.71 [0.65‐0.77]) was significantly higher than for the guideline‐defined model (0.63 [0.57‐0.69]) (P = 0.01).CONCLUSIONS:Select guideline‐defined criteria predicted CAP‐resistance. A cohort‐developed model based primarily on prior MRSA history, nursing home residence, and specific antibiotic exposures provided improved prediction of CAP‐resistant organisms in HCAP. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2011; © 2011 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Genetic diagnosis of neuroacanthocytosis disorders using exome sequencing
Authors: Walker Ruth H. , Schulz Vincent P. , Tikhonova Irina R. , Mahajan Milind C. , Mane Shrikant , Arroyo Muniz Maritza , Gallagher Patrick G. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractNeuroacanthocytoses are neurodegenerative disorders marked by phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. There are several associated genetic loci, and many defects, including gene deletions and insertions, and missense, nonsense, and splicing mutations, have been found spread over hundreds of kilobases of genomic DNA. In some cases, specific diagnosis is unclear, particularly in the early stages of disease or when there is an atypical presentation. Determination of the precise genetic defect allows assignment of the diagnosis and permits carrier detection and genetic counseling. The objective of this report was to utilize exome sequencing for genetic diagnosis in the neuroacanthocytosis syndromes. Genomic DNA from 2 patients with clinical features of chorea‐acanthocytosis was subjected to targeted exon capture. Captured DNA was subjected to ultrahigh throughput next‐generation sequencing. Sequencing data were assembled, filtered against known human variant genetic databases, and results were analyzed. Both patients were compound heterozygotes for mutations in the VPS13A gene, the gene associated with chorea‐acanthocytosis. Patient 1 had a 4‐bp deletion that removes the 5′ donor splice site of exon 58 and a nucleotide substitution that disrupts the 5′ donor splice site of exon 70. Patient 2 had a dinucleotide deletion in exon 16 and a dinucleotide insertion in exon 33. No mutations were identified in the XK, PANK2, or JPH3 gene loci. Exome sequencing is a valuable diagnostic tool in the neuroacanthocytosis syndromes. These studies may provide a better understanding of the function of the associated proteins and provide insight into the pathogenesis of these disorders. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Effective duplex radio‐over‐fibre systems for broadband wireless service using diplex signal transport
Authors: Kim Ajung 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA method for enabling efficient duplex communication in a RoF (radio‐over‐fibre) system by generating and diplexing signals in sideband modes is demonstrated. Data in the mm‐wave band with a rate of 155 Mbps over 5 km of an optical link are transmitted using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing techniques, and the uplink performance measurements are presented. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2700–2702, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25579
Generation of repetition‐rate‐doubled return‐to‐zero pulse train using phase modulator and chirped fiber bragg grating
Authors: Deng Guo , Pan Wei , Zou Xihua 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAn approach to generating repetition‐rate‐doubled return‐to‐zero pulse trains with a 33%‐duty‐cycle is proposed.A phase‐modulated light is divided into two parts having orthogonal polarization‐states, which are injected into a chirped‐fiber‐Bragg‐grating in inverse directions. A return‐to‐zero pulse consisting of odd‐order sidebands is then formed, which is confirmed by a fabricated grating. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2796–2798, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25581
Design of compact microstrip antennas using a modified ground plane
Authors: Mythili P. , Mridula S. , Paul Binu , Mohanan P. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA method for simultaneously enhancing the bandwidth and reducing the size of microstrip antennas (MSAs) using a modified ground plane (GP) has been proposed with design formulas.A comb‐shaped truncated GP is used for this purpose. This method provides an overall compactness up to 85% for proximity‐coupled MSAs in the frequency range of 900 MHz–5.5 GHz with an improvement in bandwidth up to seven times when compared with the conventional ones. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2748–2753, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25592