bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deposition of shear‐thinning viscoelastic fluids by an elongated bubble in a circular channel regarding the weakly elastic regime
Authors: Chun SungGyu , Yang Zhengyu , Feng Jie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThin‐film deposition of fluids is ubiquitous in a wide range of engineering and biological applications, such as surface coating, polymer processing, and biomedical device fabrication. While the thin viscous film deposition in Newtonian fluids has been extensively investigated, the deposition dynamics in frequently encountered non‐Newtonian complex fluids remain elusive, with respect to predictive scaling laws for the film thickness. Here, we investigate the deposition of thin films of shear‐thinning viscoelastic fluids by the motion of a long bubble translating in a circular capillary tube. Considering the weakly elastic regime with a shear‐thinning viscosity, we provide a quantitative measurement of the film thickness with systematic experiments. We further harness the recently developed hydrodynamic lubrication theory to quantitatively rationalize our experimental observations considering the effective capillary number and the effective Weissenberg number , which describe the shear‐thinning and the viscoelastic effects on the film formation, respectively. The obtained scaling law agrees reasonably well with the experimentally measured film thickness for all test fluids. Our work may potentially advance the fundamental understanding of the thin‐film deposition in a confined geometry and provide valuable engineering guidance for processes that incorporate thin‐film flows and non‐Newtonian fluids.
Understanding an ecological tug of war: Disentangling competition between native and domesticated ungulates
Authors: Spencer Bryan D. , DeYoung Randy W. , Foley Aaron M. , Hewitt David G. , Ortega‐S. J. Alfonso , Schofield Landon R. , Campbell Tyler A. , Cherry Michael J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCompetition is a complex ecological process involving individual and community interactions at ecological and evolutionary time scales. Individuals within and between species can compete through two mechanisms: exploitative and interference competition. These mechanisms often co‐occur, making it difficult to develop a mechanistic understanding of competition. We used movement data from 19 GPS‐collared white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) associated with an experimental cattle (Bos taurus) stocking event to disentangle exploitative from interference competition between deer and cattle. We assumed any effect of exploitative competition on reduced forage availability for deer would not occur immediately, whereas interference competition would occur immediately after cattle stocking, and antagonistic interactions between deer and cattle would alter deer behavior and degrade habitat quality. We evaluated the effects of the experimental stocking event on deer for 30‐day intervals before and after the cattle stocking event as this period was assumed to be too short for cattle to reduce deer forage resources through exploitative competition. We assessed the effects of interference competition using the movement metrics of home range size, speed, and resource selection. We used home range size as a proxy for habitat quality, assuming cattle would degrade deer habitat through means other than loss of forage. We used speed and resource selection as indicators of deer behavior. We experimentally stocked cattle at densities ranging from 0 to 15.7 animal units/km2 to previously destocked pastures. Stocking densities did not influence home range sizes ( = 17.033, 85% CI: −189.471 to 235.322) of deer. However, as stocking density increased, deer decreased speed ( = −0.014, 85% CI: −0.020 to −0.008) and increased selection for woody cover ( = 0.047, 85% CI: 0.031 to 0.063) and sandier soils ( = 0.062, 85% CI: 0.033 to 0.090). Our results suggest cattle density altered deer behavior and their realized niche within our system. Our results demonstrated mechanisms by which competition with livestock could influence native wildlife populations, which can be used to inform management of multiuse working landscapes.
The effect of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors on outcomes after cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Bray Jonathan J.H. , Coronelli Marco , Scott Sam G.C. , Henry John A. , Couch Liam S. , Ahmad Mahmood , Ormerod Julian , Gamble James , Betts Timothy R. , Lewis Andrew , Rider Oliver J. , Green Peregrine G. , Herring Neil 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimsThe trials upon which recommendations for the use of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in heart failure used optimal medical therapy (OMT) before sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i). Moreover, the SGLT2i heart failure trials included only a small proportion of participants with CRT, and therefore, it remains uncertain whether SGLT2i should be considered part of OMT prior to CRT.Methods and resultsWe compared electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiographic responses to CRT as well as hospitalization and mortality rates in consecutive patients undergoing implantation at a large tertiary centre between January 2019 to June 2022 with and without SGLT2i treatment. Three hundred seventy‐four participants were included aged 74.0 ± 11.5 years (mean ± standard deviation), with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 31.8 ± 9.9% and QRS duration of 161 ± 29 ms. The majority had non‐ischaemic cardiomyopathy (58%) and were in NYHA Class II/III (83.6%). These characteristics were similar between patients with (n = 66) and without (n = 308) prior SGLT2i treatment. Both groups demonstrated similar evidence of response to CRT in terms of QRS duration shortening, and improvements in LVEF, left ventricular end‐diastolic inner‐dimension (LVIDd) and diastolic function (E/A and e/e′). While there was no difference in rates of hospitalization (for heart failure or overall), mortality was significantly lower in patients treated with SGLT2i compared with those who were not (6.5 vs. 16.6%, P = 0.049).ConclusionsWe observed an improvement in mortality in patients undergoing CRT prescribed SGLT2i compared with those not prescribed SGLT2i, despite similar degrees of reverse remodelling. The authors recommend starting SGLT2i prior to CRT implantation, where it does not delay implantation.
Full‐body resistance training promotes greater fat mass loss than a split‐body routine in well‐trained males: A randomized trial
Authors: Carneiro Marcelo A. S. , Nunes Paulo Ricardo P. , Souza Markus V. C. , Assumpção Cláudio O. , Orsatti Fábio L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhile significant progress has been made in understanding the resistance training (RT) strategy for muscle hypertrophy increase, there remains limited knowledge about its impact on fat mass loss. This study aimed to investigate whether full‐body is superior to split‐body routine in promoting fat mass loss among well‐trained males. Twenty‐three participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: full‐body (n = 11, training muscle groups 5 days per week) and split‐body (n = 12, training muscle groups 1 day per week). Both groups performed a weekly set volume‐matched condition (75 sets/week, 8–12 repetition maximum at 70%–80 % of 1RM) for 8 weeks, 5 days per week with differences only in the routine. Whole‐body and regional fat were assessed using DXA at the beginning and at the end of the study. Full‐body RT elicited greater losses compared to split‐body in whole‐body fat mass (−0.775 ± 1.120 kg vs. +0.317 ± 1.260 kg;p = 0.040), upper‐limb fat mass (−0.085 ± 0.118 kg vs. +0.066 ± 0.162 kg;p = 0.019), gynoid fat mass (−0.142 ± 0.230 kg vs. +0.123 ± 0.230 kg;p = 0.012), lower‐limb fat mass (−0.197 ± 0.204 kg vs. +0.055 ± 0.328 kg;p = 0.040), and a trend in interaction in android fat mass (−0.116 ± 0.153 kg vs. +0.026 ± 0.174 kg;p = 0.051), with large effects sizes (η2p ≥ 0.17). This study provides evidence that full‐body is more effective in reducing whole‐body and regional fat mass compared to split‐body routine in well‐trained males.
Can mental fatigue affect perception of barbell velocity in resistance training?
Authors: Romagnoli Ruggero , Filipas Luca , Piacentini Maria Francesca 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPerception of Velocity (PV) is the ability to estimate single repetition velocity during resistance training (RT) exercises. The main purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of Mental Fatigue (MF) on the accuracy of barbell PV. The secondary aims were to evaluate whether MF affected RT performance and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE; OMNI‐RES) in the back squat. Twenty‐four (14 Females, 10 Males) resistance‐trained participants underwent 2 familiarization sessions and 1RM test for the back squat. In two separate sessions, PV was tested for light, medium, and heavy loads in 2 conditions in random order: at rest (REST) and in MF condition (POST‐MF) induced by previous incongruent Stroop color‐word task. MF and Motivation were assessed through visual analog scales (VAS; 0–100) before and after the Stroop task. For each load subjects performed 2 repetitions and reported the RPE value. Mean propulsive velocity (Vr) of the barbell was recorded with a linear encoder, while the perceived velocity (Vp) of the subjects was self‐reported using the Squat‐PV scale. The PV accuracy was calculated through the delta score (ds: Vp–Vr). Following the Stroop task MF increased significantly (p < 0.001; F (1, 23) = 52.572), while motivation decreased (p < 0.05; F (1, 23) = 7.401). Ds, Vr, and RPE did not show significant differences between conditions (p > 0.05) for the three loads analyzed. MF induced by previous demanding cognitive task did not affect PV accuracy. Furthermore, subjects maintained unchanged both RT performance and RPE values associated with each load, even when mentally fatigued.
Projection of Interspecific Competition (PIC) Matrices: A Conceptual Framework for Inclusion in Population Risk Assessments
Authors: Miller David H. , LaLone Carlie A. , Villeneuve Daniel L. , Ankley Gerald T. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Accounting for intraspecific and interspecific competition when assessing the effects of chemical and nonchemical stressors is an important uncertainty in ecological risk assessments. We developed novel projection of interspecific competition (PIC) matrices that allow for analysis of population dynamics of two or more species exposed to a given stressor(s) that compete for shared resources within a landscape. We demonstrate the application of PIC matrices to investigate the population dynamics of two hypothetical fish species that compete with one another and have differences in net reproductive rate and intrinsic rate of population increase. Population status predictions were made under scenarios that included exposure to a chemical stressor that reduced fecundity for one or both species. The results of our simulations demonstrated that measures obtained from the life table and Leslie matrix of an organism, including net reproductive rate and intrinsic rate of increase, can result in erroneous conclusions of population status and viability in the absence of a consideration of resource limitation and interspecific competition. This modeling approach can be used in conjunction with field monitoring efforts and/or laboratory testing to link effects due to stressors to possible outcomes within an ecosystem. In addition, PIC matrices could be combined with adverse outcome pathways to allow for ecosystem projection based on taxonomic conservation of molecular targets of chemicals to predict the likelihood of relative cross-species susceptibility. Overall, the present study shows how PIC matrices can integrate effects across the life cycles of multiple species, provide a linkage between endpoints observed in individual and population-level responses, and project outcomes at the community level for multiple generations for multiple species that compete for limited resources. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1406–1422. Published 2024. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Unlocking the food treasures:Trachyspermum ammi–A comprehensive exploration from field to pharmacology
Authors: Siddiquie Fatima , Ahsan Farogh , Mahmood Tarique , Ahmad Md. Afroz , Singh Aditya , Bano Shahzadi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRecent pharmacological research onTracyspermum ammihas unveiled its diverse medicinal properties, bolstering its status as a notable herbaceous plant. Cultivated extensively in regions like Egypt, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India,T. ammihas drawn attention due to its rich essential oil content, prominently thymol. Commonly used in food processing, such as in pickles, this plant exhibits a wide array of pharmacological effects, from diuretic and antibacterial properties to potential as an antitussive, antiplatelet, antihypertensive, bronchodilator, and antihyperlipidemic agent. While the medicinal potential ofT. ammiis acknowledged, challenges persist in optimizing its efficacy. The preclinical and clinical trials ofT. ammihave been performed and data are compiled to assess its efficacy in humans. Novel drug delivery systems, including nanoparticles, microemulsions, niosomes, and liposomes, among others, offer a means to overcome the constraints associated with conventional formulations. In conclusion, the comprehensive overview presented here highlights the morphological characteristics, food processing, chemical constituents, pharmacological significance, preclinical and clinical trials along with traditional use and novel dosage forms ofT. ammiwhich underscores the need for modernization in drug delivery systems to maximize its therapeutic potential thereby advancing the addition of herbal medicines into contemporary healthcare practices.
Functional assessments of Psidium guajava L. and Morus alba L. leaf extracts on postprandial glucose control
Authors: Hsu Yen‐Ping , Chen Wu‐Yuan , Hsieh Pao‐Chuan , Chu Yung‐Lin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDiabetes is a leading cause of death, according to statistics published by the Department of Health, Executive Yuan of Taiwan. In modern medicine, diabetes can be controlled using various medications; however, some drugs often have undesirable side effects. It therefore became a goal to find plant‐based material that can reduce glucose concentration in the blood while reducing the incidence of complications and not causing side effects. Alpha‐glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) are effective glucose‐lowering medicines and are enzymes essential to carbohydrate digestion. Inhibition of α‐glucosidase leads to a delayed and reduced rise in postprandial blood glucose levels. This study evaluates the inhibitory effect of mixed extracts of Psidium guajava L. and Morus alba L. leaves on α‐glucosidase activity and postprandial hyperglycemia in normal and diabetic rats. The inhibition of α‐glucosidase activity was assayed in vitro. Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of Psidium guajava L. and Morus alba L. were 2.25 and 0.1 mg/mL, respectively. The IC50 value of a commercial anti‐hyperglycemic agent (Glucobay) is 6.41 mg/mL. The IC50 value of a mixture of extracts of Psidium guajava L. and Morus alba L. was 0.07 mg/mL. In cytotoxicity tests, survival percentages and shape did not significantly affect the murine embryonic liver cell line (BNL CL.2) when treated with varying concentrations of mixture extracts for varying periods of time. In summary, Psidium guajava L. and Morus alba L. showed positive anti‐diabetes activity and suggested promising potential for alternative functional foods for diabetes mellitus (DM) patients.
Global health systems strengthening: FIGO's strategic view on reducing maternal and newborn mortality worldwide
Authors: Miranda Jezid , Miller Suellen , Alfieri Nikita , Lalonde Andre , Ivan‐Ortiz Edgar , Hanson Claudia , Steinholt Margit , Palshetkar Nandita , Suharjono Harris , Gebhardt Stefan , Dossou Jean‐Paul , Pascali‐Bonaro Debra , Jacobsson Bo , Okong Pius ,   the FIGO Committee on Health Systems Strengthening and Respectful Care
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo demonstrate that successful health systems strengthening (HSS) projects have addressed disparities and inequities in maternal and perinatal care in low‐income countries.MethodsA comprehensive literature review covered the period between 1980 and 2022, focusing on successful HSS interventions within health systems' seven core components that improved maternal and perinatal care.ResultsThe findings highlight the importance of integrating quality interventions into robust health systems, as this has been shown to reduce maternal and newborn mortality. However, several challenges, including service delivery gaps, poor data use, and funding deficits, continue to hinder the delivery of quality care. To improve maternal and newborn health outcomes, a comprehensive HSS strategy is essential, which should include infrastructure enhancement, workforce skill development, access to essential medicines, and active community engagement.ConclusionEffective health systems, leadership, and community engagement are crucial for a comprehensive HSS approach to catalyze progress toward universal health coverage and global improvements in maternal and newborn health.
Materials properties and device applications of semiconducting bismuth oxyselenide
Authors: Li Menglu , Chen Pei , Zhao Yan , Zhao Mei , Leng Huaqian , Wang Yong , Ali Sharafat , Raziq Fazal , Wu Xiaoqiang , Yi Jiabao , Xiao Haiyan , Qiao Liang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLayered two‐dimensional (2D) materials have garnered marvelous attention in diverse fields, including sensors, capacitors, nanocomposites and transistors, owing to their distinctive structural morphologies and superior physicochemical properties. Recently, layered quasi‐2D materials, especially layered bismuth oxyselenide (Bi2O2Se), are of particular interest, because of their different interlayer interactions from other layered 2D materials. On this basis, this material offers richer and more intriguing physics, including high electron mobility, sizeable bandgap, and remarkable thermal and chemical durability, rendering it an utterly prospective contender for use in advanced electronic and optoelectronic applications. Herein, this article reviews the recent advances related with Bi2O2Se. Initially, its structural characterization, band structure, and basic properties are briefly introduced. Further, the synthetic strategies for the preparation of Bi2O2Se are presented. Furthermore, the diverse applications of Bi2O2Se in the field of electronics and optoelectronics, photocatalytic, solar cells and sensing were summarized in detail. Ultimately, the challenges and future perspectives of Bi2O2Se are included.image
How to optimize the systematic review process using AI tools
Authors: Fabiano Nicholas , Gupta Arnav , Bhambra Nishaant , Luu Brandon , Wong Stanley , Maaz Muhammad , Fiedorowicz Jess G. , Smith Andrew L. , Solmi Marco 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSystematic reviews are a cornerstone for synthesizing the available evidence on a given topic. They simultaneously allow for gaps in the literature to be identified and provide direction for future research. However, due to the ever‐increasing volume and complexity of the available literature, traditional methods for conducting systematic reviews are less efficient and more time‐consuming. Numerous artificial intelligence (AI) tools are being released with the potential to optimize efficiency in academic writing and assist with various stages of the systematic review process including developing and refining search strategies, screening titles and abstracts for inclusion or exclusion criteria, extracting essential data from studies and summarizing findings. Therefore, in this article we provide an overview of the currently available tools and how they can be incorporated into the systematic review process to improve efficiency and quality of research synthesis. We emphasize that authors must report all AI tools that have been used at each stage to ensure replicability as part of reporting in methods.
Unique behavioral patterns of wandering colonies of Brevibacillus thermoruber on agar plates
Authors: Sakka Kazuo , Kihira Masaki , Kuhara Wataru , Mochida Akihiro , Ogawa Satoru , Kimura Tetsuya , Sakka Makiko 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBrevibacillus thermoruber strain Nabari cells grow as widely spreading dendritic colonies on reasoner's 2A‐agar (1.5%) plates at around 55°C but as small motile colonies at 37°C. Motile colonies can be divided into colonies that move in straight or curved lines over long distances (wandering colonies), and colonies that rotate at a fixed location (rotating colonies). The addition of surfactant to the agar medium greatly increased the frequency of wandering colonies and facilitated the study of such colonies. The morphology of the wandering colonies varied: circular at the tip and pointed at the back, lemon‐shaped with pointed ends, crescent‐shaped, bullet‐shaped, fish‐like, and so on. A single colony may split into multiple colonies as it moves, or multiple colonies may merge into a single colony. The most surprising aspect of the movement of wandering colonies was that when a moving colony collides with another colony, it sometimes does not make a U‐turn, but instead retreats straight back, as if bouncing back. The migration mechanisms of wandering colonies are discussed based on optical microscopic observations of swimming patterns of single cells in water and scanning electron microscopy of the arrangement of bacterial cells in wandering colonies.
The contributions of social network support and reciprocity to posttraumatic stress symptoms across time among parents and caregivers impacted by the ABC Day Care Center fire in Hermosillo, Mexico
Authors: Arceneaux Austin , Jones Eric C. , Murphy Arthur D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn 2009, a fire occurred in the ABC Day Care Center in Hermosillo, Mexico, that killed and injured many children who were in attendance that day. This study investigated the association between the posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) of socially connected parents and caregivers whose children were affected by the fire. Parents and caregivers of the children who were in attendance the day of the fire were interviewed 8–11 months and 20–23 months postfire. Linear network autocorrelation modeling was used to test for autocorrelations of the outcome variable count of PTSS within different configurations of the network of caregivers. No significant network effects appeared in models from the first interview period, but effects did appear in the second period, specifically in the three models in which network ties consisted of “receive informational support” (.220), “give and receive emotional support” (.167), and “give and receive both informational and emotional support” (.213). The findings suggest that in these three network configurations, as relationships grew in strength from the first interview to the second, the level of one's own PTSS was more comparable to the level of PTSS of one's social connections. Two theoretical mechanisms that may explain this result are homophily and social influence.