bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of relationships on the association between sexual orientation and disordered eating in men
Authors: Brown Tiffany A. , Keel Pamela K. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjective:Robust evidence supports that bisexual and gay (BG) men have increased eating pathology compared to heterosexual men. BG men may be at greater risk due to pressure to attract a male partner; however, the related implication that relationships serve as protective factors for BG men remains untested.Method:BG (n = 42) and heterosexual men (n = 536) completed surveys to determine whether relationship status and satisfaction moderate sexual orientation's effect on disordered eating.Results:Single BG men had increased restrictive disordered eating compared to single heterosexual men, while few differences were found between BG and heterosexual men in relationships. Relationship satisfaction was not related to restrictive disordered eating; however, low relationship satisfaction was associated with increased bulimic symptomatology in BG men compared to heterosexual men.Discussion:Being in a relationship, independent of whether or not the relationship is satisfying, may be a protective factor for restrictive disordered eating in BG men. © 2012 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2012; 45:792–799)
Aryl Grignard Reagents in Chemodivergent N‐ and C‐Arylations: Concise Access to Two Families of Tetracyclic Fused Carbazoles from 6‐Nitroquinolines
Authors: Sánchez Juan Domingo , Egris Riccardo , Perumal Subbu , Villacampa Mercedes , Menéndez J. Carlos 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe reaction between aryl Grignard compounds and 5‐methoxy‐6‐nitroquinoline derivatives in THF was found to proceed in a chemodivergent mode that depended on the functional groups present in the heterocyclic ring. Thus, the reactions that started from carbostyril derivatives afforded 6‐(arylamino)carbostyrils as the major products, whereas those that started with 2‐alkoxyquinolines gave exclusively 5‐arylquinolines. Both types of products were transformed into tetracyclic fused linear or angular carbazole systems by using palladium‐promoted oxidative coupling or Cadogan reactions, respectively. In the course of this work, an unprecedented oxidative demethylation by palladium acetate of 1,4‐dimethoxybenzene systems to the corresponding quinones was discovered.
Microwave‐Assisted Domino Benzannulation of α‐Oxo Ketenes: Preparation of 1,3‐Dihydro‐2H‐1,5‐benzodiazepin‐2‐ones
Authors: Castillo Juan‐Carlos , Presset Marc , Abonia Rodrigo , Coquerel Yoann , Rodriguez Jean 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe microwave irradiation of a series of 2‐diazo‐1,3‐diketones in the presence of an o‐phenylenediamine derivative triggered a domino Wolff rearrangement/nucleophilic addition/intramolecular imination sequence to provide a new synthetic entry to 1,3‐dihydr‐2H‐1,5‐benzodiazepin‐2‐ones, a class of molecules with important biological properties.
Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for spatially distributed infrastructure
Authors: Han Yeliang , Davidson Rachel A. 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYTwo key issues distinguish probabilistic seismic risk analysis of a lifeline or portfolio of structures from that of a single structure. Regional analysis must consider the correlation among lifeline components or structures in the portfolio, and the larger scope makes it much more computationally demanding. In this paper, we systematically identify and compare alternative methods for regional hazard analysis that can be used as the first part of a computationally efficient regional probabilistic seismic risk analysis that properly considers spatial correlation. Specifically, each method results in a set of probabilistic ground motion maps with associated hazard‐consistent annual occurrence probabilities that together represent the regional hazard. The methods are compared according to how replicable and computationally tractable they are and the extent to which the resulting maps are physically realistic, consistent with the regional hazard and regional spatial correlation, and few in number. On the basis of a conceptual comparison and an empirical comparison for Los Angeles, we recommend a combination of simulation and optimization approaches: (i) Monte Carlo simulation with importance sampling of the earthquake magnitudes to generate a set of probabilistic earthquake scenarios (defined by source and magnitude); (ii) the optimization‐based probabilistic scenario method, a mixed‐integer linear program, to reduce the size of that set; (iii) Monte Carlo simulation to generate a set of probabilistic ground motion maps, varying the number of maps sampled from each earthquake scenario so as to minimize the sampling variance; and (iv) the optimization‐based probabilistic scenario again to reduce the set of probabilistic ground motion maps. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluvial response to climatic and anthropogenic forcing in the Moselle drainage basin (NE France) during historical periods: evidence from OSL dating
Authors: Cordier Stéphane , Lauer Tobias , Harmand Dominique , Frechen Manfred , Brkojewitch Gaël 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper is to study a low energy fluvial system response to natural and anthropogenic forcing during the last two millennia. In contrast with longer timescales (Holocene to Quaternary), historical sedimentary archives are sparse in such systems which are typically characterized by the predominance of erosion compared with aggradation. We studied three main sections in the Moselle valley (northeastern France) by a multi‐proxy approach combining morphology, sedimentology, archaeological evidence, historical archives, and dating. The geochronological framework was based on Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) and validated by independent age control. The exposed sediments were allocated to different historical periods from Roman period to present. The first results show that, in contrast with many other fluvial systems, the Moselle and its tributaries did not experience major changes during historical periods. Climatic changes such as the Little Ice Age had a minor influence on floodplain aggradation (e.g. in grain size or sedimentation rates) in the Moselle valley and were only able to affect the fluvial style. This provides evidence that the reworking of sediments is the main fluvial process at short timescales in the valley floors of the Moselle catchment. In contrast, anthropogenic forcing seems important not only during recent centuries but also since Roman times. This is suggested by the case‐study of the Metz‐Mazelle section where significant headward erosion and sedimentation were recognized, and may be related to human occupation. The results therefore point to a need for increasing geoarchaeological and geochronological research in the Moselle catchment and similar low energy fluvial systems. Such research is actually essential to improve the knowledge of the fluvial response to environmental changes during the historical periods and to recognize the respective influence of natural variability and human forcing. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
When one must go: The Canadian experience with strategic review and judging program value
Authors: Dumaine François 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis chapter reviews the Canadian experiment with assessing the worth of public programs and policies and using the resulting value judgments to drive funding decisions. The author provides a brief overview of the Canadian Strategic Review initiative, and considers implications of this federal government approach to valuation. The author argues that never before has the evaluation function within the federal government been so directly linked to an expenditure management system that requires such a definitive valuation of programs and initiatives. The author concludes that for the evaluation function to meet expectations and maintain its fundamental purpose of being a participatory process to assist program managers in learning and improving their programs, some fine‐tuning will be necessary. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Evaluators in a world of valuators
Authors: Grob George F. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe author argues that in public policy making, evaluators have no monopoly on valuation, and that public policy decisions in the United States are almost never made by a single person, organizational entity, or profession. The argument is that what distinguishes evaluators from other valuators is a desire to evaluate public programs, hoping that they can find out what works and what doesn't, and then persuade policy makers, program managers, and professional advocates, and a broad citizen readership, to make rational and efficacious decisions. It is evaluators' broad command of valuation theories and practical methods, their independence, and their professional demeanor that makes them so valuable. The author concludes that the best way to preserve professional reputation is to be independent, relevant, helpful, and respectful. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Developing policies to support valuing in the public interest
Authors: Julnes George 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe author offers a framework for supporting valuing in the public interest, informed by a pragmatic approach that acknowledges and defends the value of multiple approaches to valuing. With our multiple approaches understood as tools for assisted sense making, the task for evaluators is to understand the factors that lead some tools to be more effective for valuing in particular contexts. Factors addressed include the decisions confronting stakeholders and the needed complexity and precision of valuation. The result is a more systematic and yet responsive framing that balances (a) individual and social valuation, (b) algorithmic and holistic approaches to summative conclusions, and (c) the often‐conflicting paradigms that structure other debates in evaluation. Tentative implications of this framework are suggested for the evaluation community, for government and foundation methodology policies, and for education and training. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Cognitive impairment in late life schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder
Authors: Meesters Paul D. , Schouws Sigfried , Stek Max , de Haan Lieuwe , Smit Jan , Eikelenboom Piet , Beekman Aartjan , Comijs Hannie 
Published: March 2012

ObjectiveEvidence in younger populations suggests quantitative but not categorical differences in cognitive impairments between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. It is uncertain whether a similar distinction applies to patients in later life.MethodsWe compared the cognitive abilities of older, community‐living schizophrenia patients, controlling for their state of symptomatic remission, with those of older euthymic patients with bipolar I disorder. The study included 67 patients with schizophrenia (20 in symptomatic remission, 47 not in symptomatic remission; mean age 68 years) and 74 euthymic bipolar I patients (mean age 70 years), who were compared using analysis of covariance on clinical and neuropsychological variables (e.g., attention/working memory, verbal memory, executive function and verbal fluency) and contrasted with 69 healthy controls.ResultsRemitted (SR) and non‐remitted (SN) schizophrenia patients and bipolar I (BP) patients were impaired relative to healthy controls, with mostly large effect sizes for verbal memory (Cohen's d: SR 1.34, SN 1.48, BP 1.09), executive function (Cohen's d: SR 0.87, SN 1.29, BP 0.71) and verbal fluency (Cohen's d: SR 1.09, SN 1.25, BP 0.88), but smaller effect sizes for the domain of attention/working memory (Cohen's d: SR 0.26, SN 0.18, BP 0.52). Differences in cognitive performance between the remitted schizophrenia patients and the bipolar I patients were not significant.ConclusionsIn both older patients with schizophrenia and with bipolar disorder, serious and pervasive cognitive deficits can be demonstrated. Trait‐related cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder may share major phenotypic similarity in later life. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incidence and risk factors for breast cancer subtypes in three distinct South‐East Asian ethnic groups: Chinese, Malay and natives of Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Devi C.R. Beena , Tang Tieng Swee , Corbex Marilys 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe determined the incidences of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) subtypes among breast cancer cases in Sarawak, Malaysia and their correlation with various risk factors in the three ethnic groups: Chinese, Malay and native. Subtype status was ascertained for 1,034 cases of female breast cancer (93% of all cases diagnosed since 2003), and the age‐standardized incidence rates (ASRs) of each subtype were inferred. Case–case comparisons across subtypes were performed for reproductive risk factors. We found 48% luminal A (ER+/PR+/HER2−), 29% triple‐negative (ER−/PR−/HER2−), 12% triple‐positive (ER+/PR+/HER2+) and 11% HER2‐overexpressing (ER−/PR−/HER2+) subtypes, with ASRs of 10.6, 6.0, 2.8 and 2.8 per 100,000, respectively. The proportions of subtypes and ASRs differed significantly by ethnic groups: HER2‐positive cases were more frequent in Malays (29%; 95% CI [23;35]) than Chinese (22%; [19;26] and natives (21%; [16;26]); triple‐negative cases were less frequent among Chinese (23%; [20;27]) than Malays (33%; [27;39]) and natives (37%; [31;43]). The results of the case–case comparison were in accordance with those observed in western case series. Some uncommon associations, such as between triple‐negative subtype and older age at menopause (OR, 1.59; p < 0.05), were found. The triple‐negative and HER2+ subtypes predominate in our region, with significant differences among ethnic groups. Our results support the idea that the risk factors for different subtypes vary markedly. Westernized populations are more likely to have factors that increase the risk for the luminal A type, while risk factors for the triple‐negative type are more frequent in local populations.
Apoptotic responses of zebrafish (Danio rerio) after exposure with microcystin‐LR under different ambient temperatures
Authors: Ji Wei , Liang Hualei , Zhou Wenshan , Zhang Xuezhen 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTMicrocystins (MCs) can cause evident hepatic apoptosis. In vitro studies indicated that uptake of MC by isolated hepatocytes was dramatically reduced as ambient temperature dropped, and some studies presented a hypothesis that differences in core body temperatures in animals result in diverse uptake of MC, as well as different toxic effects. Thus far, however, few in vivo studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of temperature on MC‐induced hepatocyte apoptosis in fish, a typical poikilotherm. In the present study, zebrafish were treated with MC‐LR, an MC metabolite, at three water temperatures (12, 22 and 32 °C), and evident differences in apoptotic profiles were observed. Damage to liver ultrastructures revealed temperature‐dependent early‐stage patterns of apoptosis. Flow‐cytometric analysis indicated that hepatocyte apoptotic rates varied with a temperature‐dependent effect. The transcription levels of some apoptosis‐related genes were determined using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and significantly elevated gene expressions of P53, Bcl‐2, Bax and caspase‐3 were found in the 12 and 32 °C groups. Results of the present study indicate that different ambient temperatures can lead to various toxic effects of MCs on hepatic apoptosis in fish. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Misexpression of Dickkopf-1 in endothelial cells, but not in chondrocytes or hypertrophic chondrocytes, causes defects in endochondral ossification
Authors: Oh Hwanhee , Ryu Je-Hwang , Jeon Jimin , Yang Siyoung , Chun Churl-Hong , Park Hongryeol , Kim Hyung Joon , Kim Woo-Shin , Kim Hong-Hee , Kwon Young-Guen , Chun Jang-Soo 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Developing cartilage serves as a template for long-bone development during endochondral ossification. Although the coupling of cartilage and bone development with angiogenesis is an important regulatory step for endochondral ossification, the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. One possible mechanism involves the action of Dickkopf (DKK), which is a family of soluble canonical Wnt antagonists with four members (DKK1–4). We initially observed opposite expression patterns of Dkk1 and Dkk2 during angiogenesis and chondrocyte differentiation: downregulation of Dkk1 and upregulation of Dkk2. We examined the in vivo role of Dkk1 and Dkk2 in linking cartilage/bone development and angiogenesis by generating transgenic (TG) mice that specifically express Dkk1 or Dkk2 in chondrocytes, hypertrophic chondrocytes, or endothelial cells. Despite specific expression pattern during cartilage development, chondrocyte- and hypertrophic chondrocyte-specific Dkk1 and Dkk2 TG mice showed normal developmental phenotypes. However, Dkk1 misexpression in endothelial cells resulted in defects of endochondral ossification and reduced skeletal size. The defects are caused by the inhibition of angiogenesis in developing bone and subsequent inhibition of apoptosis of hypertrophic chondrocytes and cartilage resorption. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Temporal trends and determinants of longitudinal change in 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone levels
Authors: Berger Claudie , Greene-Finestone Linda S , Langsetmo Lisa , Kreiger Nancy , Joseph Lawrence , Kovacs Christopher S , Richards J Brent , Hidiroglou Nick , Sarafin Kurtis , Davison K Shawn , Adachi Jonathan D , Brown Jacques , Hanley David A , Prior Jerilynn C , Goltzman David ,   the CaMos Research Group
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Vitamin D is essential for facilitating calcium absorption and preventing increases in parathyroid hormone (PTH), which can augment bone resorption. Our objectives were to examine serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and PTH, and factors related to longitudinal change in a population-based cohort. This is the first longitudinal population-based study looking at PTH and 25(OH)D levels. We analyzed 3896 blood samples from 1896 women and 829 men in the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study over a 10-year period starting in 1995 to 1997. We fit hierarchical models with all available data and adjusted for season. Over 10 years, vitamin D supplement intake increased by 317 (95% confidence interval [CI] 277 to 359) IU/day in women and by 193 (135 to 252) IU/day in men. Serum 25(OH)D (without adjustment) increased by 9.3 (7.3 to 11.4) nmol/L in women and by 3.5 (0.6 to 6.4) nmol/L in men but increased by 4.7 (2.4 to 7.0) nmol/L in women and by 2.7 (−0.6 to 6.2) nmol/L in men after adjustment for vitamin D supplements. The percentage of participants with 25(OH)D levels &lt;50 nmol/L was 29.7% (26.2 to 33.2) at baseline and 19.8% (18.0 to 21.6) at year 10 follow-up. PTH decreased over 10 years by 7.9 (5.4 to 11.3) pg/mL in women and by 4.6 (0.2 to 9.0) pg/mL in men. Higher 25(OH)D levels were associated with summer, younger age, lower body mass index (BMI), regular physical activity, sun exposure, and higher total calcium intake. Lower PTH levels were associated with younger age and higher 25(OH)D levels in both women and men and with lower BMI and participation in regular physical activity in women only. We have observed concurrent increasing 25(OH)D levels and decreasing PTH levels over 10 years. Secular increases in supplemental vitamin D intake influenced both changes in serum 25(OH)D and PTH levels. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The gut microbiota regulates bone mass in mice
Authors: Sjögren Klara , Engdahl Cecilia , Henning Petra , Lerner Ulf H , Tremaroli Valentina , Lagerquist Marie K , Bäckhed Fredrik , Ohlsson Claes 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The gut microbiota modulates host metabolism and development of immune status. Here we show that the gut microbiota is also a major regulator of bone mass in mice. Germ-free (GF) mice exhibit increased bone mass associated with reduced number of osteoclasts per bone surface compared with conventionally raised (CONV-R) mice. Colonization of GF mice with a normal gut microbiota normalizes bone mass. Furthermore, GF mice have decreased frequency of CD4+ T cells and CD11b+/GR 1 osteoclast precursor cells in bone marrow, which could be normalized by colonization. GF mice exhibited reduced expression of inflammatory cytokines in bone and bone marrow compared with CONV-R mice. In summary, the gut microbiota regulates bone mass in mice, and we provide evidence for a mechanism involving altered immune status in bone and thereby affected osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Further studies are required to evaluate the gut microbiota as a novel therapeutic target for osteoporosis. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Congenic mice provide in vivo evidence for a genetic locus that modulates intrinsic transforming growth factor β1–mediated signaling and bone acquisition
Authors: Mukherjee Aditi , Larson Emily A , Carlos Amy S , Belknap John K , Rotwein Peter , Klein Robert F 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Osteoporosis, the most common skeletal disorder, is characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and an increased risk of fragility fractures. BMD is the best clinical predictor of future osteoporotic fracture risk, but is a complex trait controlled by multiple environmental and genetic determinants with individually modest effects. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping is a powerful method for identifying chromosomal regions encompassing genes involved in shaping complex phenotypes, such as BMD. Here we have applied QTL analysis to male and female genetically-heterogeneous F2 mice derived from a cross between C57BL/6 and DBA/2 strains, and have identified 11 loci contributing to femoral BMD. Further analysis of a QTL on mouse chromosome 7 following the generation of reciprocal congenic strains has allowed us to determine that the high BMD trait, which tracks with the DBA/2 chromosome and exerts equivalent effects on male and female mice, is manifested by enhanced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro and by increased growth of metatarsal bones in short-term primary culture. An insertion/deletion DNA polymorphism in Ltbp4 exon 12 that causes the in-frame removal of 12 codons in the DBA/2-derived gene maps within 0.6 Mb of the marker most tightly linked to the QTL. LTBP4, one of four paralogous mouse proteins that modify the bioavailability of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family of growth factors, is expressed in differentiating MSC-derived osteoblasts and in long bones, and reduced responsiveness to TGF-β1 is observed in MSCs of mice homozygous for the DBA/2 chromosome 7. Taken together, our results identify a potential genetic and biochemical relationship between decreased TGF-β1–mediated signaling and enhanced femoral BMD that may be regulated by a variant LTBP4 molecule. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.