bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An individualized protein-based prognostic model to stratify pediatric patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Wang Zhihong , Wang He , Zhou Yan , Li Lu , Lyu Mengge , Wu Chunlong , He Tianen , Tan Lingling , Zhu Yi , Guo Tiannan , Wu Hongkun , Zhang Hao , Sun Yaoting 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPediatric papillary thyroid carcinomas (PPTCs) exhibit high inter-tumor heterogeneity and currently lack widely adopted recurrence risk stratification criteria. Hence, we propose a machine learning-based objective method to individually predict their recurrence risk. We retrospectively collect and evaluate the clinical factors and proteomes of 83 pediatric benign (PB), 85 pediatric malignant (PM) and 66 adult malignant (AM) nodules, and quantify 10,426 proteins by mass spectrometry. We find 243 and 121 significantly dysregulated proteins from PM vs. PB and PM vs. AM, respectively. Function and pathway analyses show the enhanced activation of the inflammatory and immune system in PM patients compared with the others. Nineteen proteins are selected to predict recurrence using a machine learning model with an accuracy of 88.24%. Our study generates a protein-based personalized prognostic prediction model that can stratify PPTC patients into high- or low-recurrence risk groups, providing a reference for clinical decision-making and individualized treatment.
Identification of triacylglycerol remodeling mechanism to synthesize unusual fatty acid containing oils
Authors: Parchuri Prasad , Bhandari Sajina , Azeez Abdul , Chen Grace , Johnson Kumiko , Shockey Jay , Smertenko Andrei , Bates Philip D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTypical plant membranes and storage lipids are comprised of five common fatty acids yet over 450 unusual fatty acids accumulate in seed oils of various plant species. Plant oils are important human and animal nutrients, while some unusual fatty acids such as hydroxylated fatty acids (HFA) are used in the chemical industry (lubricants, paints, polymers, cosmetics, etc.). Most unusual fatty acids are extracted from non-agronomic crops leading to high production costs. Attempts to engineer HFA into crops are unsuccessful due to bottlenecks in the overlapping pathways of oil and membrane lipid synthesis where HFA are not compatible. Physaria fendleri naturally overcomes these bottlenecks through a triacylglycerol (TAG) remodeling mechanism where HFA are incorporated into TAG after initial synthesis. TAG remodeling involves a unique TAG lipase and two diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT) that are selective for different stereochemical and acyl-containing species of diacylglycerol within a synthesis, partial degradation, and resynthesis cycle. The TAG lipase interacts with DGAT1, localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (with the DGATs) and to puncta around the lipid droplet, likely forming a TAG remodeling metabolon near the lipid droplet-ER junction. Each characterized DGAT and TAG lipase can increase HFA accumulation in engineered seed oils.
Systematic improvements in transmon qubit coherence enabled by niobium surface encapsulation
Authors: Bal Mustafa , Murthy Akshay A. , Zhu Shaojiang , Crisa Francesco , You Xinyuan , Huang Ziwen , Roy Tanay , Lee Jaeyel , Zanten David van , Pilipenko Roman , Nekrashevich Ivan , Lunin Andrei , Bafia Daniel , Krasnikova Yulia , Kopas Cameron J. , Lachman Ella O. , Miller Duncan , Mutus Josh Y. , Reagor Matthew J. , Cansizoglu Hilal , Marshall Jayss , Pappas David P. , Vu Kim , Yadavalli Kameshwar , Oh Jin-Su , Zhou Lin , Kramer Matthew J. , Lecocq Florent , Goronzy Dominic P. , Torres-Castanedo Carlos G. , Pritchard P. Graham , Dravid Vinayak P. , Rondinelli James M. , Bedzyk Michael J. , Hersam Mark C. , Zasadzinski John , Koch Jens , Sauls James A. , Romanenko Alexander , Grassellino Anna 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe present a transmon qubit fabrication technique that yields systematic improvements in T1 relaxation times. We encapsulate the surface of niobium and prevent the formation of its lossy surface oxide. By maintaining the same superconducting metal and only varying the surface, this comparative investigation examining different capping materials, such as tantalum, aluminum, titanium nitride, and gold, as well as substrates across different qubit foundries demonstrates the detrimental impact that niobium oxides have on coherence times of superconducting qubits, compared to native oxides of tantalum, aluminum or titanium nitride. Our surface-encapsulated niobium qubit devices exhibit T1 relaxation times 2–5 times longer than baseline qubit devices with native niobium oxides. When capping niobium with tantalum, we obtain median qubit lifetimes above 300 μs, with maximum values up to 600 μs. Our comparative structural and chemical analysis provides insight into why amorphous niobium oxides may induce higher losses compared to other amorphous oxides.
Turnkey locking of quantum-dot lasers directly grown on Si
Authors: Dong Bozhang , Wan Yating , Chow Weng W. , Shang Chen , Prokoshin Artem , Alkhazraji Emad , Koscica Rosalyn , Wang Heming , Bowers John E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUltralow-noise laser sources are crucial for a variety of applications, including microwave synthesizers, optical gyroscopes and the manipulation of quantum systems. Silicon photonics has emerged as a promising solution for high-coherence applications due to its ability to reduce the system size, weight, power consumption and cost. Semiconductor lasers based on self-injection locking have achieved fibre laser coherence, but typically require a high-quality-factor external cavity to suppress coherence collapse through frequency-selective feedback. Lasers based on external-cavity locking are a low-cost and turnkey operation option, but their coherence is generally inferior to self-injection locking lasers. In this work, we demonstrate quantum-dot lasers grown directly on Si that achieve self-injection-locking laser coherence under turnkey external-cavity locking. The high-performance quantum-dot laser offers a scalable and low-cost heteroepitaxial integration platform. Moreover, the chaos-free nature of the quantum-dot laser enables a 16 Hz Lorentzian linewidth under external-cavity locking using a low-quality-factor external cavity, and improves the frequency noise by an additional order of magnitude compared with conventional quantum-well lasers.
Functional mapping of the lower urinary tract by epidural electrical stimulation of the spinal cord in decerebrated cat model
Authors: Sysoev Yuriy , Bazhenova Elena , Shkorbatova Polina , Kovalev Gleb , Labetov Ivan , Merkulyeva Natalia , Shkarupa Dmitry , Musienko Pavel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSeveral neurologic diseases including spinal cord injury, Parkinson’s disease or multiple sclerosis are accompanied by disturbances of the lower urinary tract functions. Clinical data indicates that chronic spinal cord stimulation can improve not only motor function but also ability to store urine and control micturition. Decoding the spinal mechanisms that regulate the functioning of detrusor (Detr) and external urethral sphincter (EUS) muscles is essential for effective neuromodulation therapy in patients with disturbances of micturition. In the present work we performed a mapping of Detr and EUS activity by applying epidural electrical stimulation (EES) at different levels of the spinal cord in decerebrated cat model. The study was performed in 5 adult male cats, evoked potentials were generated by EES aiming to recruit various spinal pathways responsible for LUT and hindlimbs control. Recruitment of Detr occurred mainly with stimulation of the lower thoracic and upper lumbar spinal cord (T13-L1 spinal segments). Responses in the EUS, in general, occurred with stimulation of all the studied sites of the spinal cord, however, a pronounced specificity was noted for the lower lumbar/upper sacral sections (L7-S1 spinal segments). These features were confirmed by comparing the normalized values of the slope angles used to approximate the recruitment curve data by the linear regression method. Thus, these findings are in accordance with our previous data obtained in rats and could be used for development of novel site-specific neuromodulation therapeutic approaches.
Functional implication of the homotrimeric multidomain vacuolar sorting receptor 1 (VSR1) from Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Park HaJeung , Youn BuHyun , Park Daniel J. , Puthanveettil Sathyanarayanan V. , Kang ChulHee 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe vacuolar sorting receptors (VSRs) are specific to plants and are responsible for sorting and transporting particular proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the vacuole. This process is critically important for various cellular functions, including storing nutrients during seed development. Despite many years of intense studies on VSRs, a complete relation between function and structure has not yet been revealed. Here, we present the crystal structure of the entire luminal region of glycosylated VSR1 from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtVSR1) for the first time. The structure provides insights into the tertiary and quaternary structures of VSR1, which are composed of an N-terminal protease-associated (PA) domain, a unique central region, and one epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain followed by two disordered EGF-like domains. The structure of VSR1 exhibits unique characteristics, the significance of which is yet to be fully understood.
Frequency regulation in a hybrid renewable power grid: an effective strategy utilizing load frequency control and redox flow batteries
Authors: Elkasem Ahmed H. A. , Kamel Salah , Khamies Mohamed , Nasrat Loai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRenewable energy sources (RESs) have become integral components of power grids, yet their integration presents challenges such as system inertia losses and mismatches between load demand and generation capacity. These issues jeopardize grid stability. To address this, an effective approach is proposed, combining enhanced load frequency control (LFC) (i.e., fuzzy PID- T $${I}^{\lambda }{D}^{\mu }$$

I

λ

D

μ

) with controlled energy storage systems, specifically controlled redox flow batteries (CRFBs), to mitigate uncertainties arising from RES integration. The optimization of this strategy's parameters is achieved using the crayfish optimization algorithm (COA), known for its global optimization capabilities and balance between exploration and exploitation. Performance evaluation against conventional controllers (PID, FO-PID, FO-(PD-PI)) confirms the superiority of the proposed approach in LFC. Extensive testing under various load disturbances, high renewables penetration, and communication delays ensures its effectiveness in minimizing disruptions. Validation using a standardized IEEE 39-bus system further demonstrates its efficiency in power networks grappling with significant renewables penetration. In summary, this integrated strategy presents a robust solution for modern power systems adapting to increasing renewable energy utilization.
Distance mis-estimations can be reduced with specific shadow locations
Authors: Hornsey Rebecca L. , Hibbard Paul B. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractShadows in physical space are copious, yet the impact of specific shadow placement and their abundance is yet to be determined in virtual environments. This experiment aimed to identify whether a target’s shadow was used as a distance indicator in the presence of binocular distance cues. Six lighting conditions were created and presented in virtual reality for participants to perform a perceptual matching task. The task was repeated in a cluttered and sparse environment, where the number of cast shadows (and their placement) varied. Performance in this task was measured by the directional bias of distance estimates and variability of responses. No significant difference was found between the sparse and cluttered environments, however due to the large amount of variance, one explanation is that some participants utilised the clutter objects as anchors to aid them, while others found them distracting. Under-setting of distances was found in all conditions and environments, as predicted. Having an ambient light source produced the most variable and inaccurate estimates of distance, whereas lighting positioned above the target reduced the mis-estimation of distances perceived.
Approximate solutions of the spin and pseudospin symmetries under coshine Yukawa tensor interaction
Authors: Onate C. A. , Okon I. B. , Omugbe E. , Basem A. , Castillo Parra B. F. , Emeje K. O. , Owolabi J. A. , Obasuyi A. R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe approximate solutions of the Dirac equation for spin symmetry and pseudospin symmetry are studied with a coshine Yukawa potential model via the traditional supersymmetric approach (SUSY). To remove the degeneracies in both the spin and pseudospin symmetries, a coshine Yukawa tensor potential is proposed and applied to both the spin symmetry and the pseudospin symmetry. The proposed coshine tensor potential removes the energy degenerate doublets in both the spin symmetry and pseudospin symmetry for a very small value of the tensor strength (H = 0.05). This shows that the coshine Yukawa tensor is more effective than the real Yukawa tensor. The non-relativistic limit of the spin symmetry is obtained by using certain transformations. The results obtained showed that the coshine Yukawa potential and the real Yukawa potential has the same variation with the angular momentum number but the variation of the screening parameter with the energy for the two potential models differs. However, the energy eigenvalues of the coshine Yukawa potential model, are more bounded compared to the energies of the real Yukawa potential model.
The new preservative-free ophthalmic formulation of bilastine 0.6% preserves the ocular surface epithelial integrity in a comparative in vitro study
Authors: Arana Eider , Gonzalo Ana , Andollo Noelia , Goñi-de-Cerio Felipe , Gómez-Fernández Paloma , Salado Clarisa , Hernández Gonzalo , Suárez-Cortés Tatiana 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAllergic conjunctivitis (AC) is the most common form of allergic eye disease and an increasingly prevalent condition. Topical eye drop treatments are the usual approach for managing AC, although their impact on the ocular surface is not frequently investigated. The aim of this study was to perform a comparative physicochemical characterization, and in vitro biological evaluations in primary conjunctival and corneal epithelial cells of the new multidose preservative-free bilastine 0.6% and main commercially available eye drops. MTT assay was used to measure cell viability; oxidative stress was analyzed with a ROS-sensitive probe; and apoptosis was evaluated monitoring caspase 3/7 activation. Differences in pH value, osmolarity, viscosity and phosphate levels were identified. Among all formulations, bilastine exhibited pH, osmolarity and viscosity values closer to tear film (7.4, 300 mOsm/l and ~ 1.5–10 mPa·s, respectively), and was the only phosphates-free solution. Single-dose ketotifen did not induce ROS production, and single-dose azelastine and bilastine only induced a mild increase. Bilastine and single-dose ketotifen and azelastine showed high survival rates attributable to the absence of preservative in its formulation, not inducing caspase-3/7-mediated apoptosis after 24 h. Our findings support the use of the new bilastine 0.6% for treating patients with AC to preserve and maintain the integrity of the ocular surface.
Assessing and forecasting collective urban heat exposure with smart city digital twins
Authors: Pan Xiyu , Mavrokapnidis Dimitris , Ly Hoang T. , Mohammadi Neda , Taylor John E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDue to population growth, climate change, and the urban heat island effect, heat exposure is becoming an important issue faced by urban built environments. Heat exposure assessment is a prerequisite for mitigation measures to reduce the impact of heat exposure. However, there is limited research on urban heat exposure assessment approaches that provides fine-scale spatiotemporal heat exposure information, integrated with meteorological status and human collective exposure as they move about in cities, to enable proactive heat exposure mitigation measures. Smart city digital twins (SCDTs) provide a new potential avenue for addressing this gap, enabling fine spatiotemporal scales, human-infrastructure interaction modeling, and predictive and decision support capabilities. This study aims to develop and test an SCDT for collective urban heat exposure assessment and forecasting. Meteorological sensors and computer vision techniques were implemented in Columbus, Georgia, to acquire temperature, humidity, and passersby count data. These data were then integrated into a collective temperature humidity index. A time-series prediction model and a crowd simulation were employed to predict future short-term heat exposures based on the data accumulated by this SCDT and to support heat exposure mitigation efforts. The results demonstrate the potential of SCDT to enhance public safety by providing city officials with a tool for discovering, predicting, and, ultimately, mitigating community exposure to extreme heat.
Effects of microbiome-based interventions on neurodegenerative diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chui Zara Siu Wa , Chan Lily Man Lee , Zhang Esther Wan Hei , Liang Suisha , Choi Edmond Pui Hang , Lok Kris Yuet Wan , Tun Hein Min , Kwok Jojo Yan Yan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNeurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are characterized by neuronal damage and progressive loss of neuron function. Microbiome-based interventions, such as dietary interventions, biotics, and fecal microbiome transplant, have been proposed as a novel approach to managing symptoms and modulating disease progression. Emerging clinical trials have investigated the efficacy of interventions modulating the GM in alleviating or reversing disease progression, yet no comprehensive synthesis have been done. A systematic review of the literature was therefore conducted to investigate the efficacy of microbiome-modulating methods. The search yielded 4051 articles, with 15 clinical trials included. The overall risk of bias was moderate in most studies. Most microbiome-modulating interventions changed the GM composition. Despite inconsistent changes in GM composition, the meta-analysis showed that microbiome-modulating interventions improved disease burden (SMD, − 0.57; 95% CI − 0.93 to − 0.21; I2 = 42%; P = 0.002) with a qualitative trend of improvement in constipation. However, current studies have high methodological heterogeneity and small sample sizes, requiring more well-designed and controlled studies to elucidate the complex linkage between microbiome, microbiome-modulating interventions, and NDDs.
Deep convolutional generative adversarial network for generation of computed tomography images of discontinuously carbon fiber reinforced polymer microstructures
Authors: Blarr Juliane , Klinder Steffen , Liebig Wilfried V. , Inal Kaan , Kärger Luise , Weidenmann Kay A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractComputed tomography images are of utmost importance when characterizing the heterogeneous and complex microstructure of discontinuously fiber reinforced polymers. However, the devices are expensive and the scans are time- and energy-intensive. Through recent advances in generative adversarial networks, the instantaneous generation of endless numbers of images that are representative of the input images and hold physical significance becomes possible. Hence, this work presents a deep convolutional generative adversarial network trained on approximately 30,000 input images from carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6 computed tomography scans. The challenge lies in the low contrast between the two constituents caused by the close proximity of the density of polyamide 6 and carbon fibers as well as the small fiber diameter compared to the necessary resolution of the images. In addition, the stochastic, heterogeneous microstructure does not follow any logical or predictable rules exacerbating their generation. The quality of the images generated by the trained network of 256 pixel $$\times$$
×
256 pixel was investigated through the Fréchet inception distance and nearest neighbor considerations based on Euclidean distance and structural similarity index measure. Additional visual qualitative assessment ensured the realistic depiction of the complex mixed single fiber and fiber bundle structure alongside flow-related physically feasible positioning of the fibers in the polymer. The authors foresee additionally huge potential in creating three-dimensional representative volume elements typically used in composites homogenization.
Enhancement of superconductivity and phase diagram of Ta-doped Kagome superconductor CsV3Sb5
Authors: Liu Jinjin , Li Qing , Li Yongkai , Fan Xinwei , Li Jun , Zhu Peng , Deng Hanbin , Yin Jia-Xin , Yang Huaixin , Li Jianqi , Wen Hai-Hu , Wang Zhiwei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractKagome superconductors AV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb, and Cs) have attracted enormous interest due to the coexistence of charge density wave (CDW) order, unconventional superconductivity (SC) and anomalous Hall effect (AHE). In this paper, we reported an intensive investigation on Cs(V1−xTax)3Sb5 single crystals with systematic Ta doping. Ta was confirmed to be doped into V-site in the Kagome layer from both single crystal X-ray diffraction structural refinement and scanning transmission electron microscopy observation. The highest Ta doping level was found to be about 16%, which is more than twice as much as 7% in Nb-doped CsV3Sb5. With the increase of Ta doping, CDW order was gradually suppressed and finally vanished when the doping level reached to more than 8%. Meanwhile, superconductivity was enhanced with a maximum critical temperature (Tc) of 5.3 K, which is the highest Tc in the bulk crystal of this Kagome system at ambient pressure so far. The μ0Hc2(T) behavior demonstrates that the system is still a two-band superconductor after Ta doping. Based on the electrical transport measurement, a phase diagram was set up to exhibit the evolution of CDW and SC in the Cs(V1−xTax)3Sb5 system. These findings pave a new way to search for new superconductors with higher Tc in the AV3Sb5 family and establish a new platform for tuning and controlling the multiple orders and superconducting states.
Retinal and choroidal efficacy of switching treatment to faricimab in recalcitrant neovascular age related macular degeneration
Authors: Eckardt Franziska , Lorger Anna , Hafner Michael , Klaas Julian Elias , Schworm Benedikt , Kreutzer Thomas Christian , Priglinger Siegfried Georg , Siedlecki Jakob 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of switching treatment to faricimab in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) from other anti-VEGF agents. Fifty-eight eyes of fifty-one patients with nAMD and a full upload series of four faricimab injections were included. Demographic data, multimodal imaging and treatment parameters were recorded. The primary outcome measures were changes in central subfield thickness (CST) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT). A subgroup analysis was performed for eyes with prior ranibizumab (R) or aflibercept (A) treatment. Mean injection intervals before and after switching were comparable (33.8 ± 11.2 vs. 29.3 ± 2.6 days; p = 0.08). Mean CST of 361.4 ± 108.1 µm prior to switching decreased significantly to 318.3 ± 97.7 µm (p < 0.01) after the third faricimab injection, regardless of prior anti-VEGF treatment (p < 0.01). Although SFCT slightly improved for the whole cohort from 165.8 ± 76.8 µm to 161.0 ± 82,8 µm (p = 0.029), subgroup analysis did not confirm this positive effect (subgroup R: p = 0.604; subgroup A: p = 0.306). In patients with a suboptimal response to aflibercept or ranibizumab in nAMD, farcimab can improve CST and slightly improve or maintain SFCT. Further prospective randomized trials are warranted.