bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioresorbable carbonated hydroxyapatite Ca10−xNax(PO4)6−x(CO3)x(OH)2 powders for bioactive materials preparation
Authors: Kovaleva Elena , Shabanov Maxim , Putlyaev Valery , Tretyakov Yury , Ivanov Vladimir , Silkin Nikolay 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this work was to find and investigate a correlation between the carbonate ion content in crystalline lattice and defect structure, and solubility of the materials; finally, to prepare the materials under study for in vitro tests. Various techniques, such as XRD, FTIR, TEM, FESEM/EDX, TG/DTA, AES (ICP), wet chemical analysis, Ca-ionometry, microvolumetric analysis of evolved CO2, BET adsorption, were applied to determine the efficiency of carbonate substitution, and to quantify the elemental composition, as well as to characterize the structure of the carbonated hydroxyapatite and the site(s) of carbonate substitution,. It was shown that AB-type substitution prevails over other types with the carbonate content increase. According to in vitro tests, the bioactivity of the samples is correlated with the carbonate content in carbonate-doped hydroxyapatite due to accumulation of defects in carbonated hydroxyapatite nanocrystals.
Photocatalytic properties of Ru-doped titania prepared by homogeneous hydrolysis
Authors: Houšková Vendula , Štengl Václav , Bakardjieva Snejana , Murafa Nataliya , Tyrpekl Václav 
Published: April 2009

AbstractNanocrystalline titania particles doped with ruthenium oxide have been prepared by the homogenous hydrolysis of TiOSO4 in aqueous solutions in the presence of urea. The synthesized particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED) and Nitrogen adsorption-desorption was used for surface area (BET) and porosity determination (BJH). The photocatalytic activity of the Ru-doped titania samples were determined by photocatalytic decomposition of Orange II dye in an aqueous slurry during irradiation at 365 nm and 400 nm wavelengths.
New Materials in Memory Development Sub 50 nm: Trends in Flash and DRAM
Authors: Kuesters Karl Heinz , Beug Marc Florian , Schroeder Uwe , Nagel Nicolas , Bewersdorff Ulrike , Dallmann Gerald , Jakschik Stefan , Knoefler Roman , Kudelka Stephan , Ludwig Christoph , Manger Dirk , Mueller Wolfgang , Tilke Armin 
Published: April 2009

AbstractNew materials are of key importance for scaling memories in the sub 50 nm generations. Currently high‐k materials and metal gates are investigated for usage in Flash and DRAM memory. However, the requirements in the applications are different, leading to different material combinations. This paper gives an overview on new materials with focus on memory applications.
Advanced Experimental and Simulation Approaches to Meet Reliability Challenges of New Electronics Systems
Authors: Vogel Dietmar , Auersperg Jürgen , Michel Bernd 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis paper focuses on some advanced aspects of physics of failure approaches. Tracing of failure modes under realistic loading is a key issue to separate relevant failure sites to be studied in more detail. In the past design of experiment (DoE) tools have been developed to handle this problem. They allow to optimize design and/or material selection with respect to different failure mechanisms and sites. The application of these methods is demonstrated by optimizations performed for fracture problems. Interface fracture has been chosen as one of the most important failure mechanisms. Finally, local stress and strain measurement tools developed over the past years are presented at the end of the paper. They are tools to validate simulation results and therefore the underlying mechanical modeling. Namely, local stress measurement tools under development are needed to make realistic assumptions of loading conditions and to provide residual stress data for FEA.
A generic feasibility study of batch reactive distillation in hybrid configurations
Authors: Stéger C. , Lukács T. , Rév E. , Meyer M. , Lelkes Z. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA new graphical feasibility method is developed to investigate batch reactive distillation processes in middle vessel column. The suggested methodology can deal with fully reactive, nonreactive, and complex column configuration. A new formulation is suggested to describe the composition profiles in the reactive sections. Its application has made possible to develop a generic feasibility methodology containing the same model equations independently of the presence or absence of reaction. By combining the reactive and nonreactive models, not only the fully reactive and fully nonreactive but also hybrid configurations can be studied. Feasibility criteria related to the hybrid configurations are also presented. Application of the new methodology is demonstrated on the production of ethyl acetate in batch reactive distillation. Five configurations are found feasible; pure EtOAc is produced as distillate, and pure H2O is produced at the bottom. In each case, continuous feeding of AcOH is necessary. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Sex determination of adolescent skeletons using the distal humerus
Authors: Rogers Tracy L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAccurate determination of the sex of immature skeletal remains is difficult in the absence of DNA, due to the fact that most sexually dimorphic features of the human skeleton develop as secondary sex characteristics during adolescence. Methods of assessment of adult skeletons cannot reliably be applied to adolescent skeletons because of the transitional nature of the skeleton at puberty and the variability of the adolescent growth spurt. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the accuracy of Rogers's method of morphological sex determination using the distal humerus (Rogers: J Forensic Sci 44 (1999) 55–59) to assess the sex of adolescent skeletons. The sample consists of 7 documented adolescent skeletons from the Christ Church Spitalfields collection at the British Museum of Natural History and 35 from the Luis Lopes skeletal collection housed in the National History Museum (Museu Bocage) of the University of Lisbon, Portugal. Ages range from 11 to 20 years. The technique achieved an accuracy of 81% on the combined sample of 42. This method can be applied to adolescent skeletons once the trochlea begins fusing to the humeral diaphysis, which occurred by age 11 years in the test samples. Am J Phys Anthropol 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Habitual throwing and swimming correspond with upper limb diaphyseal strength and shape in modern human athletes
Authors: Shaw Colin N. , Stock Jay T. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractVariation in upper limb long bone cross‐sectional properties may reflect a phenotypically plastic response to habitual loading patterns. Structural differences between limb bones have often been used to infer past behavior from hominin remains; however, few studies have examined direct relationships between behavioral differences and bone structure in humans. To help address this, cross‐sectional images (50% length) of the humeri and ulnae of university varsity‐level swimmers, cricketers, and controls were captured using peripheral quantitative computed tomography. High levels of humeral robusticity were found in the dominant arms of cricketers, and bilaterally among swimmers, whereas the most gracile humeri were found in both arms of controls, and the nondominant arms of cricketers. In addition, the dominant humeri of cricketers were more circular than controls. The highest levels of ulnar robusticity were also found in the dominant arm of cricketers, and bilaterally amongst swimmers. Bilateral asymmetry in humeral rigidity among cricketers was greater than swimmers and controls, while asymmetry for ulnar rigidity was greater in cricketers than controls. The results suggest that more mechanically loaded upper limb elements––unilaterally or bilaterally––are strengthened relative to less mechanically loaded elements, and that differences in mechanical loading may have a more significant effect on proximal compared to distal limb segments. The more circular humerus in the dominant arm in cricketers may be an adaptation to torsional strain associated with throwing activities. The reported correspondence between habitual activity patterns and upper limb diaphyseal properties may inform future behavioral interpretations involving hominin skeletal remains. Am J Phys Anthropol 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes of (1R,2R)‐(−)‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane (DACH) with various carboxylato ligands and their cytotoxicity evaluation
Authors: Al‐Allaf Talal A.K. , Rashan Luay J. , Ketler Gerhard , Fiebig Heinz‐Herbert , Al‐Dujaili Amar H. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSeveral palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes analogous to oxaliplatin, bearing the enantiomerically pure (1R,2R)‐(−)‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane (DACH) ligand, of the general formula {MX2[(1R,2R)‐DACH]}, where M = Pd or Pt, X $= {1 \over 2}$ (COO)2, ${1 \over 2}$ CH2(COO)2, , , ${1 \over 2}${1,1′‐C5H8(CH2COO)2}, ${1 \over 2}$[1,1′‐C6H10(CH2COO)2], ${1 \over 2}$[1,1′‐(COO)2ferrocene], , , , MeCOO and Me3CCOO, were synthesized. All the complexes prepared were characterized physicochemically and spectroscopically. Some selected complexes were screened in vitro against several tumor cell lines and the results were compared with reference standard drug, oxaliplatin. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Missing the target: A reply to Koehler & Macchi (2009)
Authors: Newell Ben R. , Mitchell Chris J. , Hayes Brett K. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractKoehler and Macchi 2009 criticize the experiments presented in Newell, Mitchell, and Hayes 2008 as being “virtually irrelevant” to exemplar cuing theory. This reply addresses that interpretation and argues that the experiments dealt with issues at the heart of the theory and provided evidence highly relevant to understand how people think about low‐probability events. The role of the ‘target’ in probabilistic statements is examined, highlighting the need for further theoretical and empirical clarification of the concept. The remaining specific criticisms raised in the commentary are discussed as well. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nested effects models for learning signaling networks from perturbation data
Authors: Fröhlich Holger , Tresch Achim , Beißbarth Tim 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTargeted gene perturbations have become a major tool to gain insight into complex cellular processes. In combination with the measurement of downstream effectsviaDNA microarrays, this approach can be used to gain insight into signaling pathways.Nested Effects Modelswere first introduced by Markowetzet al. as a probabilistic method to reverse engineer signaling cascades based on the nested structure of downstream perturbation effects. The basic framework was substantially extended later on by Fröhlichet al., Markowetzet al., and Tresch and Markowetz. In this paper, we present a review of the complete methodology with a detailed comparison of so far proposed algorithms on a qualitative and quantitative level. As an application, we present results on estimating the signaling network between 13 genes in the ER‐α pathway of human MCF‐7 breast cancer cells. Comparison with the literature shows a substantial overlap.
Randomized clinical trial of antibiotic therapy versus appendicectomy as primary treatment of acute appendicitis in unselected patients
Authors: Hansson J , Körner U , Khorram-Manesh A , Solberg A , Lundholm K 
Published: April 2009

Abstract

Background
A trial in selected men suggested that antibiotic therapy could be an alternative to appendicectomy in appendicitis. This study aimed to evaluate antibiotic therapy in unselected men and women with acute appendicitis.

Methods
Consecutive patients were allocated to study (antibiotics) or control (surgery) groups according to date of birth. Study patients received intravenous antibiotics for 24 h and continued at home with oral antibiotics for 10 days. Control patients had a standard appendicectomy. Follow-up at 1 and 12 months was carried out according to intention and per protocol.

Results
Study and control patients were comparable at inclusion; 106 (52·5 per cent) of 202 patients allocated to antibiotics completed the treatment and 154 (92·2 per cent) of 167 patients allocated to appendicectomy had surgery. Treatment efficacy was 90·8 per cent for antibiotic therapy and 89·2 per cent for surgery. Recurrent appendicitis occurred in 15 patients (13·9 per cent) after a median of 1 year. A third of recurrences appeared within 10 days and two-thirds between 3 and 16 months after hospital discharge. Minor complications were similar between the groups. Major complications were threefold higher in patients who had an appendicectomy (P &lt; 0·050).

Conclusion
Antibiotic treatment appears to be a safe first-line therapy in unselected patients with acute appendicitis. Registration number: NCT00469430 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Meta-analysis of defunctioning stomas in low anterior resection for rectal cancer
Authors: Tan W S , Tang C L , Shi L , Eu K W 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundA defunctioning stoma is frequently created to minimize the impact of any subsequent anastomotic leak after a low rectal anastomosis. This review evaluates the need for routine stoma formation.MethodsA meta-analysis was performed of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies with an interventional group evaluating the need for a defunctioning stoma after low anterior resection for rectal cancer. Primary outcomes analysed included clinical anastomotic leak rate, reoperation rate and mortality related to leak.ResultsFour RCTs and 21 non-randomized studies, with 11 429 patients in total, were analysed. Meta-analysis of the RCTs showed a lower clinical anastomotic leak rate (risk ratio (RR) 0·39 (95 per cent c.i. 0·23 to 0·66); P &lt; 0·001) and a lower reoperation rate (RR 0·29 (0·16 to 0·53); P &lt; 0·001) in the stoma group. Meta-analysis of the non-randomized studies showed a lower clinical anastomotic leak rate (RR 0·74 (0·67 to 0·83); P &lt; 0·001), lower reoperation rate (RR 0·28 (0·23 to 0·35); P &lt; 0·001) and lower mortality rate (RR 0·42 (0·28 to 0·61); P &lt; 0·001) in the stoma group.ConclusionA defunctioning stoma decreases clinical anastomotic leak rate and reoperation rate. It is recommended after low anterior resection for rectal cancer.
Studies on the influence of esterase inhibitor to the pharmacokinetic profiles of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in rats using an improved LC/MS/MS method
Authors: Chang Qi , Chow Moses S. S. , Zuo Zhong 
Published: April 2009

AbstractOseltamivir (O), an ethyl ester prodrug of oseltamivir carboxylate (OC), is currently the drug of choice for avian influenza. Previous studies have found that the addition of esterase inhibitor can inhibit the metabolism of O to OC in plasma samples. The current study aims to evaluate the impact of dichlorvos on the rat plasma concentrations of O and OC and subsequent effect on their pharmacokinetics. The plasma samples of rats after oral administration of O were divided into two equal portions for treatment with/without dichlorvos. O and OC plasma concentrations were analyzed by a sensitive and specific LC/MS/MS method, using cephalexin as internal standard for both two analytes. The samples were extracted with an MCX cartridge and separated on a Nova‐Pak CN HP column eluted with a mobile phase of 0.15% formic acid in 50% methanol. The results showed that dichlorvos significantly inhibited further hydrolysis of O to OC during the period of rat plasma sample treatment. A significant difference in the pharmacokinetic parameters of O (except forTmaxandt1/2,λz)was found when the plasma samples were treated with dichlorvos. The use of dichlorvos is recommended in all rat studies which require plasma concentration determination of O and OC. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of purine contents of alcoholic beverages using high performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Kaneko Kiyoko , Yamanobe Tomoyo , Fujimori Shin 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe purine contents of alcoholic beverages were determined in order to utilize them in the dietary care of gout and hyperuricemia. In the management of these diseases, restriction of both alcohol and purine intake are important. The method employed in this study is a quantitative determination of purine contents by HPLC. Alcoholic beverages were hydrolyzed to corresponding purine bases, which were then separated by HPLC, and base peaks were identified using an enzymatic peak‐shift technique. This method is sufficiently accurate and reproducible to examine the purine contents of various alcoholic beverages that patients consume. Purine contents were as follows: spirits, 0.7–26.4 µmol/L; regular beer, 225.0–580.2 µmol/L; low‐malt beer, 193.4–267.9 µmol/L; low‐malt and low‐purine beer, 13.3 µmol/L; other liquors, 13.1–818.3 µmol/L. Some local and low‐alcohol beers were found to contain about 2.5 times more purines than regular beer. As some alcoholic beverages contain considerable amounts of purines, we recommend that excess consumption of these beverages be avoided. These data should be useful in the management of hyperuricemia and gout, not only for patients but also for physicians. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interrelating within the families of young psychotherapy outpatients
Authors: Kalaitzaki Argyroula E. , Birtchnell John , Nestoros Joannis N. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractInterrelating is a combination of relating to and being related to by another. The Couple's Relating to Each Other Questionnaires (CREOQ) and the Family Members Interrelating Questionnaires (FMIQ) measure negative forms of both self and other relating, across a close/distant and an upper/lower axis. These were used to measure the interrelating between the parents of young adults, and between young adults and their parents, in a sample of young, Greek, psychotherapy outpatients and a comparable sample of non‐ patients. In a proportion of both samples, the interrelating of the young adults was compared with that of a well sibling. The patients' parents were significantly more distant towards each other than those of the non‐patients. The interrelating between the patients and their parents was markedly worse than that between the non‐patients and their parents. It was also markedly worse between the patients and their parents than between the siblings and their parents. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some Aspects of Reactive Complex Plasmas
Authors: Berndt J. , Kovačević E. , Stefanović I. , Stepanović O. , Hong S. H. , Boufendi L. , Winter J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractReactive plasmas are nowadays widely used for technological applications. The spontaneous formation and growth of dust is a phenomenon frequently observed in such plasmas. The formation of dust particles has been observed in a great variety of different discharge types and in different kind of gases or gas mixtures. Due to the large variety of different phenomena that can be observed in reactive complex plasmas this article will address some selected (general) problems and examples that are specific for the physics and chemistry of such systems. These examples concern the formation and growth of dust particles in reactive plasmas, the mechanisms responsible for that growth processes, the spatial distribution of the dust particles within the discharge, the response of the plasma to the formation and growth of dust particles and some technological aspects (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Predictive value of hematological and phenotypical parameters on postchemotherapy leukocyte recovery
Authors: Bononi A. , Lanza F. , Ferrari L. , Gusella M. , Gilli G. , Abbasciano V. , Campioni D. , Russo A. , Menon D. , Albertini F. , Stievano L. , Barile C. , Crepaldi G. , Toso S. , Ferrazzi E. , Pasini F. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackground:Grade IV chemotherapy toxicity is defined as absolute neutrophil count <500/μL. The nadir is considered as the lowest neutrophil number following chemotherapy, and generally is not expected before the 7th day from the start of chemotherapy. The usual prophylactic dose of rHu‐G‐CSF (Filgrastim) is 300 μg/day, starting 24–48 h after chemotherapy until hematological recovery. However, individual patient response is largely variable, so that rHu‐G‐CSF doses can be different. The aim of this study was to verify if peripheral blood automated flow cytochemistry and flow cytometry analysis may be helpful in predicting the individual response and saving rHu‐G‐CSF.Methods:During Grade IV neutropenia, blood counts from 30 cancer patients were analyzed daily by ADVIA 120 automated flow cytochemistry analyzer and by Facscalibur flow cytometer till the nadir. “Large unstained cells” (LUCs), myeloperoxidase index (MPXI), blasts, and various cell subpopulations in the peripheral blood were studied. At nadir rHu‐G‐CSF was started and 81 chemotherapy cycles were analyzed. Cycles were stratified according to their number and to two dose‐levels of rHuG‐CSF needed to recovery (300–600 vs. 900–1200 μg) and analyzed in relation to mean values of MPXI and mean absolute number of LUCs in the nadir phase. The linear regressions of LUCs % over time in relation to two dose‐levels of rHu‐G‐CSF and uni‐multivariate analysis of lymphocyte subpopulations, CD34+ cells, MPXI, and blasts were also performed.Results:In the nadir phase, the increase of MPXI above the upper limit of normality (>10; median 27.7), characterized a slow hematological recovery. MPXI levels were directly related to the cycle number and inversely related to the absolute number of LUCs and CD34+/CD45+ cells. A faster hematological recovery was associated with a higher LUC increase per day (0.56% vs. 0.25%), higher blast (median 36.7/μL vs. 19.5/μL) and CD34+/CD45+ cell (median 2.2/μL vs. 0.82/μL) counts.Conclusions:Our study showed that some biological indicators such as MPXI, LUCs, blasts, and CD34+/CD45+ cells may be of clinical relevance in predicting individual hematological response to rHu‐G‐CSF. Special attention should be paid when nadir MPXI exceeds the upper limit of normality because the hematological recovery may be delayed. © 2009 Clinical Cytometry Society
Kidney injury, electrolyte and acid‐base abnormalities associated with use of alternative medicine products
Authors: Ifudu Onyekachi , Friedman Eli A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAlternative medicine treatment, defined broadly as the use of unproven therapies is increasingly popular in the United States. An estimated 40% of the population resorted to alternative medicine regimens in 1999 for either preventive, palliative, or therapeutic purposes. Alternative medicine products are characterized as untested remedies, containing unverified ingredients whose side effect profile is not defined. Their sale to the public is not regulated.The kidneys, as excretory organs for drugs and toxins are susceptible to injury from toxicity imparted by untested and unregulated products. This reality is particularly pertinent to patients with compromised kidney function from prevalent disorders such as diabetes or hypertension. Chronic kidney disease (CKD), as defined by The National Kidney Foundation is a major public health problem in the United States, affecting over 20 million people.Because, in the early stages, no symptoms attributable to CKD may be evident, the majority of those with CKD are unaware of their renal disorders. This lack of awareness of renal injury predisposes persons with early CKD to the potential harmful consequences of alternative medicine products.We describe a patient requiring hospitalization for severe symptomatic electrolyte abnormalities after ingesting alternative medicine products, detailing literature reports of kidney injury, acid‐base, and electrolyte abnormalities associated with use of alternative medicine products.