bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NKG2D Mediates NK Cell Hyperresponsiveness and Influenza-Induced Pathologies in a Mouse Model of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Wortham Brian W. , Eppert Bryan L. , Motz Greg T. , Flury Jennifer L. , Orozco-Levi Mauricio , Hoebe Kasper , Panos Ralph J. , Maxfield Melissa , Glasser Stephan W. , Senft Albert P. , Raulet David H. , Borchers Michael T. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by peribronchial and perivascular inflammation and largely irreversible airflow obstruction. Acute disease exacerbations, due frequently to viral infections, lead to enhanced disease symptoms and contribute to long-term progression of COPD pathology. Previously, we demonstrated that NK cells from cigarette smoke (CS)-exposed mice exhibit enhanced effector functions in response to stimulating cytokines or TLR ligands. In this article, we show that the activating receptor NKG2D is a key mediator for CS-stimulated NK cell hyperresponsiveness, because CS-exposed NKG2D-deficient mice (Klrk1−/−) did not exhibit enhanced effector functions as assessed by cytokine responsiveness. NK cell cytotoxicity against MHC class I-deficient targets was not affected in a COPD model. However, NK cells from CS-exposed mice exhibit greater cytotoxic activity toward cells that express the NKG2D ligand RAET1ε. We also demonstrate that NKG2D-deficient mice exhibit diminished airway damage and reduced inflammation in a model of viral COPD exacerbation, which do not affect viral clearance. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of NKG2D+ NK cells into CS-exposed, influenza-infected NKG2D-deficient mice recapitulated the phenotypes observed in CS-exposed, influenza-infected wild-type mice. Our findings indicate that NKG2D stimulation during long-term CS exposure is a central pathway in the development of NK cell hyperresponsiveness and influenza-mediated exacerbations of COPD.
Galectin-1 Reduces the Severity of Herpes Simplex Virus-Induced Ocular Immunopathological Lesions
Authors: Rajasagi Naveen K. , Suryawanshi Amol , Sehrawat Sharvan , Reddy Pradeep B. J. , Mulik Sachin , Hirashima Mitsuomi , Rouse Barry T. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Stromal keratitis is a chronic immunopathological lesion of the eye caused by HSV-1 infection that can result in blindness. Because the inflammatory lesions are primarily orchestrated by Th1 cells, and to a lesser extent by Th17 cells, inhibiting their activity represents a useful form of therapy. In this study we evaluated the therapeutic potential of galectin-1 (gal-1), an endogenous lectin that in some autoimmune diseases was shown to suppress the functions of Th1 and Th17 cells. Treatment was begun at different times after ocular infection with HSV and the outcome was assessed clinically as well as for effects on various immune parameters. Treatment with recombinant gal-1 significantly diminished stromal keratitis lesion severity and the extent of corneal neovascularization. Treated mice had reduced numbers of IFN-γ– and IL-17–producing CD4+ T cells, as well as neutrophil infiltration in the cornea. Furthermore, disease severity was greater in gal-1 knockout mice compared with their wild-type counterparts. The many effects of gal-1 treatment include reduction in the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, increased production of IL-10, and inhibitory effects on molecules involved in neovascularization. To our knowledge, our findings are the first to show that gal-1 treatment represents a useful approach to control lesion severity in a virally induced immunopathological disease.
Functional Recruitment of the Human Complement Inhibitor C4BP to Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Outer Membrane Protein Ail
Authors: Ho Derek K. , Riva Rauna , Kirjavainen Vesa , Jarva Hanna , Ginström Erica , Blom Anna M. , Skurnik Mikael , Meri Seppo 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Ail is a 17-kDa chromosomally encoded outer membrane protein that mediates serum resistance (complement resistance) in the pathogenic Yersiniae (Yersinia pestis, Y. enterocolitica, and Y. pseudotuberculosis). In this article, we demonstrate that Y. pseudotuberculosis Ail from strains PB1, 2812/79, and YPIII/pIB1 (serotypes O:1a, O:1b, and O:3, respectively) can bind the inhibitor of the classical and lectin pathways of complement, C4b-binding protein (C4BP). Binding was observed irrespective of serotype tested and independently of YadA, which is the primary C4BP receptor of Y. enterocolitica. Disruption of the ail gene in Y. pseudotuberculosis resulted in loss of C4BP binding. Cofactor assays revealed that bound C4BP is functional, because bound C4BP in the presence of factor I cleaved C4b. In the absence of YadA, Ail conferred serum resistance to strains PB1 and YPIII, whereas serum resistance was observed in strain 2812/79 in the absence of both YadA and Ail, suggesting additional serum resistance factors. Ail from strain YPIII/pIB1 alone can mediate serum resistance and C4BP binding, because its expression in a serum-sensitive laboratory strain of Escherichia coli conferred both of these phenotypes. Using a panel of C4BP mutants, each deficient in a single complement control protein domain, we observed that complement control protein domains 6–8 are important for binding to Ail. Binding of C4BP was unaffected by increasing heparin or salt concentrations, suggesting primarily nonionic interactions. These results indicate that Y. pseudotuberculosis Ail recruits C4BP in a functional manner, facilitating resistance to attack from complement.
The Utility and Limitations of Current Web-Available Algorithms To Predict Peptides Recognized by CD4 T Cells in Response to Pathogen Infection
Authors: Chaves Francisco A. , Lee Alvin H. , Nayak Jennifer L. , Richards Katherine A. , Sant Andrea J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe ability to track CD4 T cells elicited in response to pathogen infection or vaccination is critical because of the role these cells play in protective immunity. Coupled with advances in genome sequencing of pathogenic organisms, there is considerable appeal for implementation of computer-based algorithms to predict peptides that bind to the class II molecules, forming the complex recognized by CD4 T cells. Despite recent progress in this area, there is a paucity of data regarding the success of these algorithms in identifying actual pathogen-derived epitopes. In this study, we sought to rigorously evaluate the performance of multiple Web-available algorithms by comparing their predictions with our results—obtained by purely empirical methods for epitope discovery in influenza that used overlapping peptides and cytokine ELISPOTs—for three independent class II molecules. We analyzed the data in different ways, trying to anticipate how an investigator might use these computational tools for epitope discovery. We come to the conclusion that currently available algorithms can indeed facilitate epitope discovery, but all shared a high degree of false-positive and false-negative predictions. Therefore, efficiencies were low. We also found dramatic disparities among algorithms and between predicted IC50 values and true dissociation rates of peptide–MHC class II complexes. We suggest that improved success of predictive algorithms will depend less on changes in computational methods or increased data sets and more on changes in parameters used to “train” the algorithms that factor in elements of T cell repertoire and peptide acquisition by class II molecules.
Cutting Edge: Asymmetric Memory T Cell Division in Response to Rechallenge
Authors: Ciocca Maria L. , Barnett Burton E. , Burkhardt Janis K. , Chang John T. , Reiner Steven L. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Clonal selection of a T cell for use in the immune response appears to necessitate proliferative expansion and terminal effector differentiation of some cellular progeny, while reserving other progeny as less-differentiated memory cells. It has been suggested that asymmetric cell division may promote initial cell diversification. Stem cell-like models of adaptive immunity might predict that subsequent encounters with a pathogen would evoke reiterative, self-renewing, asymmetric division by memory T cells. In this study, we show that murine memory CD8+ T cells can divide asymmetrically in response to secondary encounter with pathogen. Critical regulators of signaling and transcription are partitioned to one side of the mitotic spindle in rechallenged memory T cells, and two phenotypically distinct populations of daughter cells are evident from the earliest divisions. Memory T cells may thus use asymmetric cell division to generate cellular heterogeneity when faced with pathogen rechallenge.
Surgically repaired posttraumatic CSF rhinorrhea: An institutional experience and review of literature
Authors: Kumar Brijesh , Sahu Rabinarayan , Srivastava A.K. , Nair Anup , Mehrotra Anant ,   Rajkumar
Published: March 2012

AbstractPosttraumatic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea frequently complicates anterior skull base fracture. Although skull base fracture is present in only about 7% cases of head injury, CSF rhinorrhea develops in 30% of cases with basal fracture.A total of 43 cases admitted in our Institute (SGPGI Lucknow) from January 2000 to June 2011with history of head trauma followed by CSF rhinorrhea. Forty one cases were included in this study as two patients refused surgery.Out of forty one cases, 26 cases (63%) were admitted with history of recurrent meningitis, 21 cases (51%) with loss of smell, 26 cases (63%) with delayed onset CSF rhinorrhea, 3 cases (7%) with early onset rhinorrhea which did not improve after trauma, 12 cases (30%) with early onset rhinorrhea which improved but reappeared after some time. Twenty cases (48.8%) were repaired by extradural approach, 10 cases (24.4%) were repaired by intradural approach and 11 cases (26.8%) were repaired by endoscopic approach. 12 cases (29.0%) required re-surgery for persistent or recurrence of CSF rhinorrhea.Although posttraumatic CSF rhinorrhea usually resolves with conservative management, its persistence makes an individual prone for further complications like meningitis, brain abscess and septicaemia. Timely surgical intervention usually gives promising results. Endoscopic repair was better than transcranial repair.
Surgery for encephalomalacias presenting with intractable epilepsy
Authors: Sarat Chandra P. , Ansari Abuzer , Chauhan Avnish , Kumar Amandeep , Garg Ajay , Sarkar Chitra , Bal C.S. , Tripathi Manjari 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Surgery for intractable epilepsy caused by encephalomalacia (especially post-traumatic) has been reported very scarcely in the literature.
21 cases are presented who underwent resections for encephalomalacias for medically intractable epilepsy are presented from a series of 632 cases.
Seizure duration pre-surgery ranged from 3 to 29 years (mean 7.8 years, median of 7 years). Seizure frequency ranged from 2 seizures/month to 7/day, with a median of 10 seizures/month. Causes included head trauma (9), encephalitis (2), peri natal ischemia (3) post abscess (3) and idiopathic (4). The postoperative follow-up was 21 months (ranging from 12 to 63 months). 17 had Engel’s Class I seizure outcome. Four patients had poor seizure outcome (two Class IV and two Class III). All post traumatic encephalomalacias had excellent outcome, and post encephalitis the worst.
Encephalomalacia with intractable epilepsy have a varied outcome and depends on the pathology.
Intra-arterial thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke: Our institutional experience
Authors: Narayana R.V. , Pati Rajesh , Dalai Sibasankar 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The standard treatment for acute ischemic stroke is intravenous (IV) rtPA for patients who can reach the hospital within 3 to 4.5 h. There are case reports, where IA thrombolysis has helped patients in case an IV thrombolysis has failed. We report 14 cases of acute ischemic stroke treated by intra-arterial (IA) thrombolysis.
We have retrospectively analyzed 14 cases of acute ischemic stroke treated at our department between December 2008 and October 2011 by intra-arterial thrombolysis. The patients with suspected large vessel occlusion (11 patients) and patients not responding to IV rtPA (3 patients) were considered for the IA thrombolysis.
We achieved complete recanalization (TIMI 3) in 11 patients. One patient had a bleed following the procedure but recovered well during the hospital stay. All the patients were followed up to 90 days. Majority of them have good functional outcome.
Our study suggests that intra-arterial thrombolysis is a feasible option in the subgroup of patients with large vessel occlusion. However, there is a need for a randomized multicentric study to support our results.
Novel therapies for high-grade gliomas: A vision for future
Authors: Tandon Vivek , Mahapatra Subhashree , Mahapatra Ashok 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The treatment for high-grade glioma remains an enigma. The standard treatment using surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy for such highly malignant lesions has only yielded modest results, in terms of survival and improving the quality of life of patients. Less than 10% of such patients survive beyond two years. All conventional therapies have failed to increase the survival beyond this extent. There has been a growing interest in the molecular approaches for the treatment of high-grade gliomas which include gene therapy, oncolytic virotherapy, and immunotherapy. These new therapies are in preclinical and investigational stages. They may not substitute the conventional therapies; they may not be the ultimate elixir for this deadly disease. However, in the coming years, they are likely to have synergistic and complimentary roles alongside conventional therapies. Through this paper, we have attempted to highlight the rationale behind gene therapy which can be used for cytotoxic approaches, immunomodulation strategy, and targeted toxin delivery in the tumor cell. We have reviewed current available literature and through this paper focus on reporting such therapeutic options, their potential usage, benefits and limitations.
Carotid-cavernous fistula caused by laceration of persistent fetal trigeminal artery treated with single catheter coil embolization
Authors: Sin Anthony , Cuellar Hugo , Brown Benjamin 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
We present the endovascular treatment of traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula from persistent fetal trigeminal artery (PFTA) laceration. To date, there are six such cases of traumatic PFTA-cavernous fistulas reported in the literature. These injuries can pose a unique challenge in that rupture of a PFTA in its course through the cavernous sinus may produce a fistula feeding from both anterior and posterior circulations. Previously, these have been treated with dual catheter coil embolization from the carotid and basilar systems. We utilize a single catheter technique accessing the cavernous sinus through the origin of the PFTA on the internal carotid. Both anterior and posterior fistula components may be embolized through this single access. This represents a simple yet safe treatment option.
Low dose ionizing radiation induced acoustic neuroma: A putative link?
Authors: Borkar Sachin , Agrawal Deepak 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Although exposure to high dose ionizing radiation (following therapeutic radiotherapy) has been incriminated in the pathogenesis of many brain tumors, exposure to chronic low dose ionizing radiation has not yet been shown to be associated with tumorigenesis. The authors report a case of a 50-year-old atomic reactor scientist who received a cumulative dose of 78.9 mSv over a 10-year period and was detected to have an acoustic neuroma another 15 years later. Although there is no proof that exposure to ionizing radiation was the cause for the development of the acoustic neuroma, this case highlights the need for extended follow-up periods following exposure to low dose ionizing radiation.
Central liponeurocytoma: Case report and review of literature
Authors: Ailawadhi Pankaj , Sharma M.C. , Mahapatra A.K. , Sarat Chandra P. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Cerebellar liponeurocytoma consists of well-differentiated neurons with the cytology of neurocytes in addition to a population of lipidized cells. Hence it is biphasic in appearance and has been included in the category of glioneuronal tumors of the central nervous system by the WHO working group on the Classification of Tumors of the Nervous System. However, liponeurocytoma is not exclusive to the cerebellar or fourth ventricular location. Since its inclusion in the central nervous system tumor classification, nine cases with similar histological and immunohistochemical features have also been described in the lateral ventricles. We describe here such a lateral ventricular tumour in a 30-year-old woman, characteristically showing divergent glio-neuronal differentiation and lipidized neoplastic cells. Therefore, we suggest that future WHO tumor classification should consider that liponeurocytomas are not entirely restricted to the cerebellum and henceforth change of nomenclature might be considered, as also pointed out by other authors.
Leukocytosis as an important risk factor for arterial thrombosis in WHO‐defined early/prefibrotic myelofibrosis: An international study of 264 patients
Authors: Buxhofer‐Ausch Veronika , Gisslinger Heinz , Thiele Jürgen , Gisslinger Bettina , Kvasnicka Hans‐Michael , Müllauer Leonhard , Frantal Sophie , Carobbio Alessandra , Passamonti Francesco , Rumi Elisa , Ruggeri Marco , Rodeghiero Francesco , Randi Maria L. , Bertozzi Irene , Vannucchi Alessandro M. , Antonioli Elisabetta , Finazzi Guido , Gangat Naseema , Tefferi Ayalew , Barbui Tiziano 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe aimed to determine risk factors for thrombotic events in early/prefibrotic myelofibrosis diagnosed according to the World Health Organization criteria. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was calculated on a total number of 264 patients derived from an international database. After a median follow‐up of 6.28 years, 42 (15.9%) patients experienced arterial (n = 31) or venous thrombosis (n = 11). A higher leukocyte count correlated with an increased risk for total thrombosis and in particular, with an increased risk for arterial thrombosis (P = 0.005, HR 1.15 and P = 0.047, HR 1.12, respectively). A platelet count above 870 × 109/L was associated with a lower risk for total thrombosis and also for venous thrombosis (P = 0.022, HR 0.44 and P = 0.027, HR 0.19). Moreover, a lower hemoglobin level was associated with an increased risk for venous thrombosis (P = 0.007, HR 0.59). Our data indicate that leukocytosis is a prominent risk factor for thrombosis in early/prefibrotic MF. Am. J. Hematol. 87:669–672, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Geotechnik im Bauwesen, RWTH Aachen, Mies‐van‐der‐Rohe‐Straße 1, 52074 Aachen
Authors: Ziegler Martin , Tafur Elias 
Published: April 2012

AbstractDie geotechnische Bemessung nach EC7‐1 zusammen mit dem zugehörigen Nationalen Anhang und den ergänzenden Regelungen in DIN 1054:2010‐12 ermöglicht bei der Bestimmung der Bemessungswerte der Einwirkungen die Anwendung von Kombinationsregeln, wodurch nicht alle voneinander unabhängigen veränderlichen Einwirkungen gleichzeitig mit ihrer vollen Größe berücksichtigt werden. Hingegen wurden nach der bisherigen Norm DIN 1054:2005‐01 alle veränderlichen Einwirkungen gleichzeitig in voller Höhe angesetzt. Im Rahmen eines vom Deutschen Institut für Bautechnik geförderten Forschungsvorhabens wurden am Lehrstuhl für Geotechnik im Bauwesen der RWTH Aachen zwei Beispielrechnungen mit beiden Bemessungskonzepten durchgeführt, um den Einfluss der Kombinationsregeln auf die geotechnische Bemessung zu untersuchen. Die Ergebnissen zeigten, dass die Unterschiede bei der Bemessung nach beiden Konzepten nicht signifikant waren, während der Rechenaufwand nach dem neuen Bemessungskonzept um ein Vielfaches anstieg.Combination rules in geotechnics – Chance or curse?The geotechnical design according to EC7‐1, including the German National Annex and the complementary rules in DIN 1054:2010‐12 allows the application of combination rules for the determination of the design values for actions, whereby not all transient actions are taken into account with their full amount at the same time. On the other hand the former version of DIN 1054:2005‐01 considers all transient actions with their full amount. Within the framework of a research project, which was funded by Deutsches Institut für Bautechnik, two geo‐technical examples were calculated at the Chair of Geotechnical Engineering at RWTH Aachen University applying both design concepts, in order to investigate the influence of the combination rules on the geotechnical design. The results showed that the design with both concepts does not differ significantly, while the calculation effort with the new concept is many times greater.
ArborTUM – Umsetzung eines historischen Tragsystems mit modernen Entwurfs‐ und Ausführungsmöglichkeiten
Authors: Sieder Mike , Krecker Tobias , Marsik Michal 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn einer interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit zwischen Studenten der Architektur‐ und der Bauingenieurfakultät der Technischen Universität München entstand ein skulpturales Holzobjekt, bei dem das historische Tragprinzip des Hebelstabwerks durch die zukunftsweisende Möglichkeit des parametrischen Entwerfens umgesetzt und mithilfe moderner CNC‐Holzbearbeitungstechnik ausgearbeitet wurde.ArborTUM – Realization of a historic structural principle by the possibilities of modern design and processing technology.Students of the faculty of architecture and civil engineering of the Technische Universität München created a sculptural timber object in an interdisciplinary cooperation. Thereby the historic structural principle of the selfsupporting‐framework was realized by the forward‐looking possibility of the parametric design and by modern CNC‐wood processing technology.
Exploring the seasonality of birth defects in the New York State Congenital Malformations Registry
Authors: Caton Alissa R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDExamining seasonal patterns of birth defects may help to identify environmental risk factors. Because the teratogenic window for most birth defects is during gestational weeks 3 to 8, investigating exposures closer to the timing of conception is important. However, studies are usually based on month of birth, which is not the biologically relevant exposure period and does not account for differences in gestational length. We aimed to determine whether the occurrence of birth defects varied by month of conception using the population‐based New York State Congenital Malformations Registry (CMR).METHODSWe merged live birth certificates (n = 2,044,091) with CMR records for mothers residing in New York State, excluding New York City, for the years 1992 through 2006. We categorized birth defects according to the National Birth Defects Prevention Network guidelines and performed Cochran‐Armitage trend, Hewitt‐Rogerson, and Walter‐Elwood tests on month of conception and chi‐square tests on season of conception. We graphed seasonal distributions and seasonality test results. We performed stratified analyses by maternal and infant characteristics.RESULTSOf 42 groups examined in the 15‐year period, 24 (57%) had at least one statistically significant test result, suggesting a trend or seasonal variation: Cochran‐Armitage (18), Hewitt‐Rogerson (17), Walter‐Elwood (4), and chi‐square (5). Ventricular septal defect showed the most consistent results: Cochran‐Armitage (p = 0.0006), Hewitt‐Rogerson (December to May; p = 0.0130), Walter‐Elwood (March 14; p = 0.0027), and chi‐square (winter; p = 0.0046). Congenital cataract, pulmonary valve atresia/stenosis, coarctation of aorta, biliary atresia, and renal agenesis or hypoplasia had at least three significant tests.DISCUSSIONThese results may help to generate hypotheses about environmental factors that vary by season for further studies. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.