bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS FOR CONTROL OF GYPSY MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE) IN ONTARIO. II. REDUCTION IN DOSAGE AND EMITTED VOLUME (1989 AND 1990)
Authors: Cunningham J.C. , Kaupp W.J. , Fleming R.A. , Brown K.W. , Burns T. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA double application of 1.25 × 1012 (total 2.5 × 1012) polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB) of Disparvirus (nuclear polyhedrosis virus) in an emitted volume of 10.0 L per ha gave acceptable control of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), larvae in 1988. More aerial spray trials were conducted in 1989 and 1990 to test a reduced dosage and volume of Disparvirus. Dosage on all plots, applied when larvae were mainly in their first instar, was a double treatment of 5 × 1011 PIB per ha, 3–5 days apart, giving a total of 1012 PIB per ha. The aqueous tank mix contained 25% (v/v) molasses, 10% (w/v) Orzan LS, and 2% (v/v) Rhoplex B60A sticker. Emitted volumes of 10.0 L per ha and 5.0 L per ha were each tested on three replicated plots in 1989, and 5.0 L per ha and 2.5 L per ha were each tested on three replicated plots in 1990. In both 1989 and 1990, three untreated check plots were paired with treated plots on the basis of pre-spray egg-mass densities.The treatments were assessed by counts of pupae in burlap traps, estimates of defoliation, and change in numbers of egg masses in the treated and check plots. Better control was obtained with the reduced dosage at 10.0 L per ha and 5.0 L per ha than at 2.5 L per ha. Using the aqueous formulation described above, a double application of 5 × 1011 PIB per ha at 5.0 L per ha applied at the peak of the first larval instar is the current recommendation for control of gypsy moth in Ontario using nuclear polyhedrosis virus.
A SELECTION OF OILSEED RAPE, BRASSICA RAPA L., WITH RESISTANCE TO FLEA BEETLES, PHYLLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE (GOEZE) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: Lamb R.J. , Palaniswamy P. , Pivnick K.A. , Smith M.A.H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFive cycles of single-plant and progeny-row selection in lines derived from Brassica rapa L. "Tobin" were used to identify plants with incomplete resistance to flea beetles, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze). This line, called C8711, had higher survival, grew larger, and yielded more seed than Tobin when the two lines were compared in field plots at Glenlea, Manitoba, unprotected by insecticide. C8711 without insecticide yielded more seed than Tobin treated with a lindane seed dressing, but less than Tobin treated with carbofuran granules. With carbofuran, which prevents most flea beetle damage, the yield of C8711 was 35% higher than for Tobin. At Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, the differences between C8711 and Tobin were not statistically significant, although the trends were similar to those at Glenlea. C8711 was late maturing, produced small seed, and was not of canola quality. The resistance in C8711 is attributed to a low level of antixenosis, rapid growth at the cotyledon stage, and tolerance to damage during the first 3–4 weeks of growth.
PHORETIC MITES FOUND ON BEETLES ASSOCIATED WITH STORED GRAIN IN MANITOBA
Authors: Barker Philip S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMites of 10 genera and one undescribed taxon of Pyemotidae were found on specimens of 10 genera of beetles of farm-stored grain or grain residues. Four species of the mites are known to be associated with stored products. Almost 10% of beetles carried mites. Most of the mites were found on the abdominal tergites, under the wings of the beetles, but Tarsonemus spp. were found on external surfaces of beetles. Hypopi of Acarus farris (Ouds.) are recorded for the first time as subelytral phoronts of grain beetles. Mites can occasionally be found in fungal mycelia attached to beetles.
EFFECT OF AGE OF THE PUPARIUM OF THE APPLE MAGGOT, RHAGOLETIS POMONELLA (WALSH) (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE), ON PARASITISM BY PHYGADEUON WIESMANNI SACHTL. (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE)
Authors: Hagley Elmer A.C. , Biggs A.R. , Timbers G.E. , Coutu-Sundy J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe thickness of the wall of the puparium of the apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), increased as the puparium aged. The force required to pierce the wall of the puparium also increased with age, and this relationship was best described by a cubic polynomial. Increasing thickness and hardness of the wall of the puparium will likely influence the efficacy of the parasite Phygadeuon wiesmanni Sachtl.
DIURNAL PATTERNS IN YELLOW TRAP CATCH OF PEAR PSYLLA (HOMOPTERA: PSYLLIDAE): DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SEXES AND MORPHOTYPES
Authors: Horton David R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDiumal patterns in yellow sticky trap catch of pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster, are described for the spring (reproductive) winterform generation, summerforms, and the fall (diapausing/dispersing) winterform generation. For each life stage, trap catch of the two sexes is also compared, and sex ratios on sticky traps are contrasted with independent estimates of population sex ratio obtained by beat tray samples. Beat tray estimates of sex ratio showed a slight male bias for both winterform generations (although P = 0.09 for spring winterforms), and a female bias for the summerform samples. Sticky trap catches were significantly male biased for the reproductive generations (i.e. spring winterforms and summerforms). Trap catches of fall winterforms were not different from a 1:1 ratio. The male bias for the reproductive generations may be due to mate-seeking activities of males or to a decrease in activity by egg-laden females. Peak catch for summerforms occurred in the morning, and that of both winter-form generations occurred at midday. There was no evidence that trapping depleted local densities of psylla during a 24-h period.
THE BIOLOGY OF THE LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL, HYPERA NIGRIROSTRIS (FABR.) (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE), ON RED CLOVER, TRIFOLIUM PRATENSE L., IN SASKATCHEWAN
Authors: Weiss R.M. , Gillott C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPopulations of the lesser clover leaf weevil, Hypera nigrirostris (Fabr.), on red clover, Trifolium pratense L., in northeastern Saskatchewan were sampled weekly from May to August 1986 and 1987. Adults overwintered in red clover fields, and began to feed, mate, and oviposit in late April and early May. Eggs were laid subepidermally in stipules, shoots, and leaves from early May to mid-July. Larvae were located on red clover stipules, buds, and fiowerheads and developed through four instars Larvae were collected from early June until mid-August. Spatial distributions of eggs and larvae were aggregated, though the degree of aggregation decreased with succeeding developmental stages. Pupae were collected on shoots and in debris from late June until August. New-season adults first occurred in mid-July; large increases in adult densities corresponded to the appearance of these adults.
ASSESSING THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF WHITE FIR TO THE FIR ENGRAVER, SCOLYTUS VENTRALIS LEC. (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE), USING FUNGAL INOCULATION
Authors: Ferrell G.T. , Otrosina W.J. , DeMars C.J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA method of assessing susceptibility of white fir, Abies concolor (Gord. and Glend.) Lindl., by fungal inoculation was tested during an outbreak of the fir engraver beetle, Scolytus ventralis LeC., at Lake Tahoe, California, in 1987 through 1989. A total of 592 firs growing in six forest stands containing trees infested by the beetle were inoculated with the mutualistic fungus, Trichosporium symbioticum Wright. Six weeks later, reaction wounds were characterized by vertical length and resin concentration. After 2 years, 196 (33.1%) of the test firs had been killed by the beetle. Reaction lengths tended to be greater and resin concentrations lower in test firs that died than in those that survived, but predictive accuracy of the wound variables was inadequate on either an individual tree or a stand basis. On an individual tree basis, discriminant functions using either or both of these reaction wound variables as predictors produced overall percentages of correct classification little higher than would be obtained by predicting that all test firs would survive. On a stand basis, regression models using stand means for the wound variables and white fir basal area as predictors statistically explained more than 95% of observed variation in basal area of white fir killed, but another model using only basal area of white fir as a predictor performed nearly as well.
ACROCERID (INSECTA: DIPTERA) LIFE HISTORIES, BEHAVIORS, HOST SPIDERS (ARACHNIDA: ARANEIDA), AND DISTRIBUTION RECORDS
Authors: Cady Alan , Leech Robin , Sorkin Louis , Stratton Gail , Caldwell Michael 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe family Acroceridae (Insecta: Diptera; "Small Headed Flies") are a seldom seen yet cosmopolitan group of endoparasitoids of spiders. Recent host and distribution records are presented here for six species of acrocerids:Ogcodes borealisCole, 1919;Ogcodes pallidipennis(Loew, 1866);Opcodessp.;Acrocera bimaculataLoew, 1866;Turbopsebius sulphuripes(Loew, 1869); andExetasis eickstedtaeSchlinger, 1972. New hosts for each fly species are;O.borealis—Schizocosa rovneriUetz and Dondale, 1979,Pardosaspp.;O.pallidipennis—Schizocosa rovneri,Schizocosaspp.;OgcodesSp.—Anyphaena californica(Banks, 1904);Acrocera bimaculata—Coras montanus(Emerton, 1890b);T.sulphuripes—C.montanus.Detailed field measurements and behavioral observations of host spiders and fly development are described and compared with known data. Examination of these comparisons suggests that host–parasitoid relationships follow spider guild associations (i.e. ground/surface dwelling hosts or those building webs in close contact with surfaces), especially with the spider family Agelenidae. These affiliations probably result from a combination of the spider’s web building, web maintenance, hunting behaviors, and fly oviposition activities, which dispose spiders exhibiting these behaviors to greater chances for parasitoidism. These factors act in concert to increase probabilities for host–parasitoid interactions. Compiled data indicate duration of pupation may be related to ambient temperature. Evidence is presented that acrocerid larvae may alter their hosts’ behavior to increase the parasitoids’ probability of survival.
INTERACTION BETWEEN SITKA SPRUCE WEEVIL AND ITS HOST, PICEA SITCHENSIS (BONG) CARR.: A NEW MECHANISM FOR RESISTANCE
Authors: Sahota T.S. , Manville J.F. , White E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAvailable information on the interaction between Sitka spruce weevil, Pissodes strobi (Peck), and its host Sitka spruce, Picea sitchensis (Bong) Carr., is examined. Based on a theoretical consideration of this information, a new mechanism is proposed to explain the resistance exhibited by some of the genetically distinct individuals of some provenances of this species. Experimental evidence is presented to show that resistant trees can sufficiently affect P. strobi reproduction and progeny development and survival to reduce this pest’s ability to kill the leaders of these trees when challenged with weevils containing already mature eggs. Our mechanism also provides an explanation as to how weevils are able to avoid attacking and reproducing on resistant trees in which their progeny would fail.
DROUGHT AND RANGELAND GRASSHOPPER SPECIES DIVERSITY
Authors: Kemp W.P. , Cigliano M.M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRangeland grasshopper species richness was monitored at 10 sites in Montana, U.S.A., during 1986 through 1992, which included an extreme drought year (1988). We observed significant post-1988 drought reductions in rangeland grasshopper species richness in the eastern and south-central region of Montana where drought intensity has been increasing during the past 20 years. In the north-central region, which also experienced the 1988 drought but showed no long-term drought trend, we did not observe a post-drought reduction in overall rangeland grasshopper species richness. Thus, in terms of rangeland grasshopper species richness, the potential impact of a severe drought in a given year may depend on the timing of such an event within longer-term climatic cycles. Our findings suggest that as regional drought intensity increases temporally, there may be an increased likelihood that a single extreme drought year will not only have a profound impact on abundance but may also result in significant long-term reduction of grasshopper species richness. Our results support the hypothesis that resource limitation is a very important factor in structuring rangeland grasshopper communities in space and time.
MEXICAN SPECIES OF KALOBITTACUS ESBEN-PETERSEN (MECOPTERA: BITTACIDAE)
Authors: Byers George W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractKalobittacus masoni, new species, and K. similis, new species, are described from tropical Veracruz, Mexico. Kalobittacus similis is compared with K. bimaculatus Esben-Petersen, the only Mexican species of Kalobittacus heretofore known. Males of all three species and females of the two new species are illustrated, and the species are differentiated in a key.
PHENOLOGY OF FALL DISPERSAL BY WINTERFORM PEAR PSYLLA (HOMOPTERA: PSYLLIDAE) IN RELATION TO LEAF FALL AND WEATHER
Authors: Horton David R. , Burts Everett C. , Unruh Thomas R. , Krysan James L. , Coop Leonard B. , Croft Brian A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPhenology of fall dispersal into apple orchards is described for winterform pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster, in orchards located in Yakima and Wenatchee, Washington. Psylla in both regions first appeared on pear in mid to late September, reaching peak densities in late October or early to mid November, and then decreased in numbers to a low in December. Movement onto apple began in October; peak counts on apple occurred in late November to early December. There was considerable variation among years in phenology of leaf fall in pear and numbers of psylla entering apple. Leaf fall in pear was delayed in a cool, wet fall (1991) compared with warmer and drier years (1990 and 1992), and temperatures during leaf fall were consequently lower in 1991. Numbers of psylla moving onto apple were considerably lower in 1991 than 1990 or 1992. Catch on sticky traps and dispersal rates onto apple were both positively correlated with rates of leaf fall in pear, temperature, and density of psylla on pear.
PITYOPHTHORUS ORARIUS BRIGHT (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) IN A NORTHERN CALIFORNIA DOUGLAS-FIR SEED ORCHARD: EFFECT OF CLONE, TREE VIGOR, AND CONE CROP ON RATE OF ATTACK
Authors: Rappaport Nancy G. , Wood David L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe geographic range of the Douglas-fir twig beetle, Pityophthorus orarius Bright, was extended beyond the original provenance of southern British Columbia to northern California. A survey of 457 Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] trees in 1985 revealed that those with heavy cone crops were more likely to be infested by twig beetles than were those with a light crop. Furthermore, attack rates differed among clones. A second survey done in 1987 confirmed the importance of clone and cone crop in attack rate. In this survey, stressed trees were attacked at a higher rate than unstressed trees. Beetle distributions appeared clumped in both surveys, possibly because of semio-chemicals or oviposition behavior.
POST-HARVEST RECOVERY OF RHAGOLETIS MENDAX CURRAN (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) FROM LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY FRUIT
Authors: Dixon P.L. , Knowlton A.D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA brown-sugar flotation technique, recovery trays, and fruit dissection, three methods for determining numbers of larvae of Rhagoletis mendax Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae) from lowbush blueberry fruit, were tested at Kentville, Nova Scotia, in 1990. Similar numbers of larvae were detected by each method, with an average of 3.3, 5.2, and 17.3 larvae recovered at low, medium, and high levels of infestation, respectively. Recovery trays require a minimum of labour but results are available only after 2 weeks, and thus they are of no use for rapid determination. For quality or quarantine inspections, brown-sugar flotation should be used.
STREPSIPTERA OF SOUTH FLORIDA AND THE BAHAMAS WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS AND NEW SPECIES OF CORIOXENIDAE
Authors: Kathirithamby Jeyaraney , Peck Stewart B. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractEight species of Strepsiptera have been reported so far from Florida, but none from the Bahamas. This study reports five species from southern subtropical Florida, and one species from Andros Island, the Bahamas. Of these, Floridoxenos monroensis gen.nov., sp.nov. Kathirithamby and Peck (Corioxenidae: Corioxeninae) is described and added to the subfamily Corioxeninae based on the 4-segmented tarsi without claws; Strichotrema beckeri (Oliveira and Kogan) (Myrmecolacidae) of Brazil is reported from the United States for the first time; a second record for Elenchus koebelei Pierce (Elenchidae) from Florida is reported; and Caenocholax fenyesi Pierce (Myrmecolacidae) is a new record for Bahamas. This latter species is generally a widespread parasite of fire ants in the southern parts of North America, in the West Indies, and in the northern Neotropics.
REVISION OF NORTH AMERICANAGABUSLEACH (COLEOPTERA: DYTISCIDAE):LUTOSUS-,OBSOLETUS-, ANDFUSCIPENNIS-GROUPS
Authors: Larson D.J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSpecies ofAgabusof thelutosus-,obsoletus-, andfuscipennis-groups, as defined by Larson (1989), are revised. Members of thelutosus- andobsoletus-groups are restricted to the Cordilleran and Great Plains regions of temperate western North America. Within this region, the species of each group are largely parapatric. Three species are assigned to thelutosus-group:A.lutosusLeConte along the Pacific Coast;A.griseipennisLeConte in the Great Basin, Rocky Mountain, and Great Plains regions; andA.rumppiLeech in the southern deserts.Agabus lutosusandA.griseipennishybridize in the Pacific Northwest;A.lutosus mimusLeech is synonymized withA.lutosus. Theobsoletus-group contains five species:A.obsoletusLeConte,A.morosusLeConte, andA.ancillusFall along the Pacific Coast and the Sierra Nevada Mountains;A.hoppingiLeech in the Sierra Nevada Mountains; andA.obliteratusLeConte, containing two subspecies,A.o.obliteratusandA.o.nectrisLeech, new status, with a wide range including the Great Plains and Cordillera but not reaching the Pacific Coast. The four species of thefuscipennis-group,A.ajaxFall,A.coxalisSharp,A.fuscipennis(Paykull), andA.infuscatusAubé, are boreal and all exceptA.ajaxare Holarctic.Agabus coxalisis restricted to northwestern North America, the other three species are transcontinental.For each species the following information is provided: synonymy, description, and illustrations of taxonomically important characters; notes on relationships, variation, distribution, and ecology; and a map of North American collection localities. Group diagnoses and keys to the species of each group are presented. A correction to the key to species groups of North AmericanAgabus(Larson 1989) is made with the addition of a couplet to include theobsoletus-group. Lectotypes are designated forA.discolorLeConte andA.obliteratusLeConte.
TYCHIUS MELILOTI STEPHENS NEW TO CANADA WITH A BRIEF REVIEW OF THE SPECIES OF TYCHIUS GERMAR INTRODUCED INTO NORTH AMERICA (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)
Authors: Anderson R.S. , Howden A.T. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFour species of Tychius have been introduced into North America from Europe: Tychius picirostris (Fabricius) (host plants: Trifolium spp.), widespread in North America; T. cuprifer (Panzer) (host plants: Trifolium spp., Teline monspessulana L.), known only from Maryland, USA; T. meliloti Stephens, new North American record (host plants: Melilotus spp.), known from scattered localities in Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec, Canada; and T. stephensi Schoenherr (host plants: Trifolium spp.), widespread in North America. Keys to separate the species are presented.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF RESISTANCE TO INSECTICIDES BY THE CRUCIFER FLEA BEETLE, PHYLLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE (GOEZE)
Authors: Turnock W.J. , Turnbull S.A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe contact toxicities of 11 insecticides were determined with a Potter spray tower using adults of crucifer flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) collected from three locations over a 3-year period. Flea beetles collected from an experimental farm at London, Ontario, where no insecticides had been used, were compared with those from canola-growing areas near Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, and Winnipeg, Manitoba. Lindane, in a seed dressing, is widely used in both Saskatchewan and Manitoba whereas carbofuran, as in-furrow granules, has been more heavily used in Manitoba than in Saskatchewan. The flea beetles from Winnipeg were significantly less susceptible to all three carbamates tested (carbofuran, carbaryl, oxamyl) than those from Saskatoon or London. Both the Winnipeg and Saskatoon flea beetles were significantly less susceptible to methamidophos than the London population but not to the other organophosphates, the organochlorine (endosulfan), or the pyrethroids that were tested. These differences may indicate resistance in the Manitoba population, but this low level would not affect the efficacy of the currently recommended insecticides. The results emphasize the need to develop control strategies that will minimize the chances that the level of resistance will increase.
TAXONOMIC NOTES ON THE GENUSNEOSYMYDOBIUSBAKER WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF FIVE NEW SPECIES (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Quednau F.W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNeosymydobius neomexicanussp.nov.,N.peregrinussp.nov.,N.acutipilosussp.nov.,N.rumorosensissp.nov., andN.paucisetosussp.nov. are described and their relationship with other species is discussed. A lectotype ofN.agrifoliae(Essig) was chosen from Essig’s type specimens. The taxonomic position ofNeosymydobiusis evaluated and a key for the identification of the presently known species is presented.
A NEW SPECIES OF THE PERILISSUS ANATINUS SPECIES GROUP AND NOTES ON THE RELATIONSHIPS OF THE SPECIES GROUPS OF PERILISSUS (HYMENOPTERA, ICHNEUMONIDAE, CTENOPELMATINAE)
Authors: Barron John 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIndividuals of Perilissus nudus sp.nov. of the Perilissus anatinus species group are described. This species, which occurs in the mountain ranges of southern Mexico and Costa Rica, is compared with the closely related species P. anatinus Barron. Locality data on additional specimens of P. anatinus, found in mountain ranges in Mexico, are included. Study of characteristics of P. nudus in relation to P. anatinus clarifies further the relationship of this species group with the other species groups of Perilissus.
CYTOGENETICS OF THE SIMULIUM VENUSTUMIVERECUNDUM COMPLEX (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) ON THE AVALON PENINSULA, NEWFOUNDLAND
Authors: McCreadie John W. , Adler Peter H. , Colbo Murray H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractResults are presented for a 4-year (1986–1989) cytological survey of the Simulium venustum/verecundum complex on the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland, Canada. Based on 4578 larval identifications from 72 sites, six species in the S. venustum/verecundum complex were found: S. truncatum Lundström (= S. venustum EFG/C), S. venustum CC2, S. venustum CC3, S. venustum AC(gB), S. verecundum Stone and Jamnback (= S. verecundum AA), and S. rostratum Lundström (= S. verecundum ACD). The possibility that S. venustum A/C and S. venustum Say (= S. venustum CC) exist on the Avalon Peninsula in low numbers cannot be excluded, although this is doubtful. Discoveries of EFG/C and CC2 reciprocal sex exceptions support the hypothesis that exceptional individuals are the product of crossover. Cytological results confirm the supposition that S. truncatum, S. venustum CC2, S. venustum CC3, S. venustum AC(gB), S. verecundum AA, and S. rostratum are all distinct species. Results are interpreted within the broader geographic context of the S. venustum/verecundum complex. Three new cytotypes are recognized: one, from Quebec, we place under AC(gB); the other two, from the eastern United States, fall under CC2.