bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The predatory miteMetaseiulusoccidentalis: mitey small and mitey large genomes
Authors: Hoy Marjorie A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMetaseiulus occidentalisis a representative of an important family of mites (Arthropoda: Chelicerata: Acari: Phytoseiidae) that are effective predators of pest mites in agricultural crops around the world. Like many arthropods, this mite contains multiple genomes, including the genomes of several microbial symbionts as well as its own mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. The mitochondrial genome is “mitey” large at 25 kb, due to duplication and triplication of genes. By contrast, the nuclear genome is “mitey” small at 88 Mb. This mite has a parahaploid genetic system, tolerates inbreeding, and has a haploid chromosome number of 3. This predator was genetically improved for use in agriculture by developing strains that lacked the ability to overwinter in diapause or were resistant to multiple pesticides, and can be genetically modified using recombinant DNA methods. Sequencing the nuclear genome would provide useful insights that could enhance genetic improvement programs that would result in improved pest management, could provide genes needed to resolve the evolutionary relationships of this family, and could serve as a model for understanding the evolution and genetics of chelicerate arthropod predators.
Investigation of proteins and peptides from yeastolate and subsequent impurity testing of drug product
Authors: Dick Lawrence W. , Kakaley Jeffrey A. , Mahon David , Qiu Difei , Cheng Kuang‐Chuan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHydrolysates play an important role in modern biological production. These mixtures are mostly undefined and contain a mixture of proteins, peptides, and amino acids along with other non–amino acid‐based components. Recently, there has been an interest in defining and sequencing proteins and peptides in these hydrolysates to subsequently develop an assay to ensure removal during product purification. This work investigates an ultrafiltrate of yeastolate to determine whether any protein is present. Size exclusion chromatography indicated a possible high molecular weight component (>10 kDa). This suspected high molecular weight fraction was collected and investigated. It was determined that this fraction consists of nucleic acids; and no protein was detected using sensitive modern techniques including HPLC, mass spectrometry, and SDS‐PAGE. Next, five unique, yeast‐specific peptides were identified, sequenced, and confirmed. Finally, an impurity assay for any residual yeast specific peptides was developed and the analytical metrics were determined including accuracy, precision, linearity, range, and limits of detection and quantitation. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
IgA response of BALB/c mice to orally administered Salmonella typhimurium flagellin‐displaying T2 bacteriophages
Authors: Synnott Aidan , Ohshima Kazuhito , Nakai Yutaka , Tanji Yasunori 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSalmonella typhimurium antigens were displayed on the capsid of a T2 bacteriophage to explore the potential of phage display for an oral vaccine. Segments of the flagellin proteins FliC (H1 antigen) and FljB (H2) were fused to the N‐terminal of T2 phage SOC to give two recombinant phages, T2FliCm and T2FljBm. Over 14 days, 19 BALB/c mice were orally administered twice, either with purified recombinant FliCm and FljBm protein, or T2FliCm and T2FljBm with or without host Escherichia coli. Feces were sampled over 10 weeks and examined for phage by plaque assay and for the presence of mucosal IgA by ELISA. Relatively few phages were detected relative to the amount administered (up to 8.21 × 103 PFU/g faeces) and none were detected five days after initial administration. The administration of a large number of phages appeared to cause no clinical symptoms. IgA concentration in feces peaked around four weeks after the second administration and subsided after eight weeks. The highest relative titers were observed in the protein group (0.37% for anti‐FliCm and 0.22% for anti‐FljBm) and the mouse group which received no E. coli (0.33% and 0.35%) despite the theoretical amount of protein contained in a phage dose being at least 80–465 times lower than the protein dose administered. The possibility that the immuno‐stimulatory properties of the phage create an adjuvant effect to enhance the immunogenic properties of the displayed proteins is discussed. We conclude that phage may be valuable as a vector for oral vaccines. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Looking ahead: Synthesizing what we know about national, regional, and local efforts to improve student preparation and success
Authors: Jez Sujin , Venezia Andrea 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe many projects, policies, and practices discussed in this volume suggest promising ideas for improving student success both before matriculation and in developmental education in community colleges. Ideally, improvement in the former will reduce the need for the latter, but until that happens, the goal will be to promote effective strategies for both. In this concluding chapter, the editors combine the information learned from the two strands within this volume to pose some final thoughts and next steps for future work in this area.
Prediction of axial velocity profiles and solids hold‐up in a rotary kiln
Authors: Sai P. S. T. , Surender G. D. , Damodaran A. D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAxial bed depth profiles were experimentally measured in a rotary kiln containing ilmenite particles under steady state and transient conditions. The variables include feed rate of solids, inclination and rotational speed of the kiln. and dam height. The variation of the axial velocity with kiln axis was estimated. The semi‐experimental model proposed by Perron and Bui (1990) was modified to include the effect of the variables of the present study. The mean residence time of solids was estimated from the fractional hold‐up and expressed in terms of the process variables. The transients induced by a step change in any of the operating conditions were measured as variation of discharge rate of solids with time.
Solubility of anthraquinone in alkaline solutions of sodium sulfide
Authors: Revenga J. , Rodríguez F. , Tijero J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe reduction of anthraquinone (AQ) with alkaline solutions of sodium sulfide, which takes place in the kraft pulping process, has been studied. The reduction product is the disodium salt of 9,10‐dihydroxyanthracene (Na2AQ). A 24 factorial design has been used to check the effects of sodium sulfide, anthraquinone and sodium hydroxide concentrations and temperature on the reaction. From statistical results, it has been concluded that the concentration of reducing agent has a limiting effect on Na2AQ yield, while the temperature has a negative effect because it favours the oxidation of sodium sulfide in alkaline solutions. Therefore, a maximum reduction of quinone can be obtained with the highest concentration of reagents and low temperatures.
The best performance of inclined thermal diffusion columns of the frazier scheme
Authors: Yeh Ho‐Ming 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe equations for the best angles of inclination for maximum separation, maximum production rate and minimum column length in inclined flat‐plate thermal‐diffusion columns of the Frazier scheme, have been derived. Considerable improvement in performance is obtained when a Frazier scheme is operated at the best corresponding angle of inclination, especially for the schemes of high column number.
Viscosity of the binary systems containing trifluoroethanol, water and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether. Prediction of the ternary viscosity from binary data
Authors: Olivé F. , Chaudhari S. K. , Patil K. R. , Coronas A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractKinematic viscosities were measured over the entire range of composition and at atmospheric pressure for the binary systems trifluoroethanol (TFE)‐H2O, TFE‐tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME), and TEGDME‐H2O from 293.15 to 333.15 K. The data were fitted by the Stephan and Heckenbergber (1989) correlation, which accounts for the dependence on temperature and mixture composition.Methods for predicting ternary excess viscosities from excess viscosity data for the three binary mixtures involved are examined and tested for the system TFE‐H2O‐TEGDME at 303.15 K by comparing predicted and experimental data. The empirical correlation of Colinet (1967) is shown to be the best for this system.
Enhancement of the thermal performance of a wet cooling tower
Authors: El‐Dessouky Hisham 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe effect of packing roughness on the thermal and hydraulic performance of a packed bed wet cooling tower were investigated experimentally. Tower enhancement ratio and air‐side pressure drop ratio were determined as functions of packing relative roughness at different values of water inlet temperature, and water‐to‐air mass flux ratio. The packing used was glass Raschig rings 10 mm thick and 10 mm in diameter. The surface roughness was changed by adhering sand papers of different roughness to the outside surface of the packing.The experimental data showed that an increase in the surface relative roughness from 1 to 5.62 can increase both the tower enhancement ratio and the air side pressure drop ratio up to 146% and 142%, respectively. The effect of the surface relative roughness is more pronounced at lower values of water‐to‐air mass flux ratio and at higher values of hot water inlet temperature. Also, a new analytical expression was developed to calculate the cooling tower characteristics.
Mathematical modelling of the transient behaviour of cstrs with reactive particulates: Part 2 — Application to pyrite pressure oxidation
Authors: Rubisov Dmitri H. , Papangelakis Vladimiros G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA population balance based transient reactor model is applied to a particulate process employed in the hydrometallurgical industry. The process is the pressure oxidation of pyritic concentrates, pertinent to the treatment of refractory gold materials. The chemical reaction system involves first an oxygen gas to aqueous mass transfer step, followed by a chemical reaction on the surface of mineral particles. The chemical reactor stimulated is a multi‐stage continuous autoclave with variable compartment size. The model accounts for recycling oxidized solids, as well as for venting the gas phase. A complex system of partial and non‐linear ordinary differential equations is rendered dimensionless and solved by a method developed previously using the Mathematica® software. The transient response of the reactor to different modes of reactor start‐up, as well as the response to a step change of a key variable, are examined. The validity of the steady‐state solution is assessed by comparing it to previous modelling attempts.
Liquid‐liquid equilibria of (MTBE or TAME) + ethanol + water mixtures
Authors: Arce Alberto , Blanco Manuel , Riveiro Rafael , Vidal Isabel 
Published: March 2009

AbstractExperimental liquid‐liquid equilibrium data obtained at 25 and 35°C for ternary mixtures of MTBE + ethanol + water, and at 25, 35 and 45°C for ternary mixtures of TAME + ethanol + water, were satisfactorily fitted with NRTL and UNI‐QUAC equations using the correlation program developed by Sørensen (1980).
A method for the evaluation of microbial growth in a trickling bed reactor
Authors: Escot A. , Chavarie C. , Mayer R. , Ramsay J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA method to evaluate microbial activity and growth in an eight‐stage, trickling bed reactor, packed with peat particles, was developed. Steady‐state measurements were made of the substrate degradation rate, based on the change in chemical oxygen demand (COD), and the biological rate of oxygen consumption based on the difference between inlet and outlet oxygen concentrations in the gas phase. From these values, a global yield coefficient (Yx/s) was evaluated in terms of g of total biomass produced per g of COD consumed. Using this method, Yx/s was 0.23 ± 0.03 from days 10 to 23. This correlated well with a Yx/s of 0.29 g of biomass produced per g of substrate consumed as determined in the first stage of an eight‐stage reactor. This method could be applied to suspension culture and fixed bed bioreactors where obtaining a homogeneous, biomass sample is difficult.
In situ laser raman spectroscopy during sequential oxidizing and reducing conditions for a vanadium‐phosphorous‐oxide catalyst
Authors: Soejarto A. D. , Schrader G. L. , Coulston G. W. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA VPO catalyst prepared in an organic medium has been studied by in situ laser Raman spectroscopy for n‐butane oxidation to maleic anhydride. Data could be obtained at low laser power and brief collection times. Raman characterization during continuous flow (steady‐state) studies revealed that (VO)2P2O7 was present. Sequential oxidizing (10% O2 in N2) and reducing (2% n‐butane in N2) conditions were explored at 350°C and 400°C. These cycling (unsteady‐state) operations revealed that formation of V(5+) phases was enhanced during oxidizing conditions. The intensity of Raman bands due to (VO)2P2O7 increased during reducing conditions.
The non‐linear behaviour of the NO‐H2 reaction over Rh surfaces
Authors: Janssen N.M.H. , Neill J. A. , Cobden P. D. , Nieuwenhuys B. E. , Ikai M. , Tanaka K. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this paper we describe the non‐linearity of the NO‐H2 reaction over Rh surfaces. Rate oscillations have been observed over a stepped (111) surface with (100) steps, (Rh(533) at low pressures (10−4 Pa) below 500 K, while no oscillations could be observed under these conditions over a Rh(100) surface and a stepped (100) surface with (111) steps, Rh(711). The thermal stability of the N atoms formed during the reaction explains the observed structure sensitivity. Moreover, the results suggest that diffusion of N atoms is needed to synchronise the rate oscillations, a process that is absent on Rh(100) and Rh(711).
Effect of tap spacing on observed differential pressure fluctuations in a pneumatic transport line
Authors: Beeckmans J. M. , Usta B. , Zhu J.‐X. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe standard deviation of differential pressure fluctuations between pressure taps in a 31.7 mm i.d. vertical downer was found to be proportional to the square root of the distance between the taps when measured under otherwise constant conditions. This finding confirms the prediction of a theoretical model based on the Central Limit Theorem of sampling statistics. Although the paper only presents experimental confirmation for downward flow, the theoretical model should be valid for flows in all orientations. Except at very low solids flows, the pressure gradient was found to be positive in the flow direction, indicating that rise in pressure due to static pressure more than compensated for frictional pressure losses.
Development of flow from multiple‐jet burners
Authors: Yimer J. , Becker H. A. , Grandmaison E. W. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMultiple‐jet cold‐model burners aerodynamically simulating a class of industrial burners were studied. The fields of mean velocity and velocity fluctuation intensity were measured with Pitot probes. The validity of an effective source diameter as a characteristic length scale is demonstrated. Beyond the nearfield, the flows are virtually the same, and similar to a round jet from a single source. In the nearfield, individual structures peculiar to each burner are observed. The results support the mathematical modelling, for some types of simulations, of flows from complex burners as point‐source jets, affording a substantial simplification of the treatment.
Dynamics of active sites transformation in HDS‐HDA catalyst
Authors: Ostrovskii N. M. , Gulyaev K. S. , Reutova O. A. , Startsev A. N. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBenzene hydrogenation in steady‐state and unsteady‐state regimes over sulfide Ni‐W/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst is studied. The mechanism and dynamic model of hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis active sites transformation are proposed. The reactions were shown to be quasi steady‐state ones with slow poisoning of both hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis active sites by the formation of intermediate surface compounds of sulfur. The dynamic behavior was described by the proposed model with sufficient accuracy.
Dépôt chimique CVD de silicium dopé in situ au phosphore. Partie 1: Etude expérimentale
Authors: Tounsi Adnen , Duverneuil Patrick , Couderc Jean‐Pierre , Scheid Emmanuel 
Published: March 2009

AbstractLa réalisation de couches de silicium dopé in situ au phosphore par la technique de dépǒt chimique à partir de la phase vapeur (CVD) est encore mal maǐtrisée par les industries de la microélectronique. Des hétérogénéïtés importantes d'épaisseur sont constatées sur plaquette et sur charge, limitant grandement l'utilisation d'un tel procédé. Une étude expérimentale de ce dépǒt est réalisée. Les influences de nombreux paramètres (température, pression, composition de l'alimentation) sont étudiées en terme d'épaisseur et d'uniformité de dépǒt ainsi qu'en terme de structure cristalline et de résistivité. Les potentialités et les mécanismes mis en jeu sont mis en évidence.
On line estimation of matte grade in a copper smelter
Authors: Cain Shelley L. , Budman Hector M. , Pritzker Mark 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis study deals with the design of an inferential estimator to predict matte grade in a copper smelter. A novel mathematical model for the dynamics of the smelter is presented and used as the basis of the on‐line estimators. Two different types of estimators are proposed: an estimator with fixed parameters and an estimator with parameters which adapt in time based on infrequent process measurements. Several configurations of the adaptive and fixed estimators, based on different combinations of parameters and measurements, have been designed and compared to plant data. Conclusions are drawn regarding the most accurate configuration.
The effect of flow reversal on solids suspension in agitated vessels
Authors: Myers Kevin J. , Bakker André , Corpstein Robert R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFlow patterns in agitated vessels are influenced by geometry, particularly impeller diameter and impeller off‐bottom clearance. Large impellers and/or high off‐bottom clearances lead to reversed flow in which the flow at the base of the vessel is radially‐inward as opposed to radially‐outward as expected with axial‐flow impellers. Reversed flow is detrimental in solids suspension agitation because inordinately high torque and power are required to achieve suspension. This work experimentally characterizes the effect of flow reversal on solids suspension performance, including guidelines for avoiding flow reversal with straight‐blade turbines, pitched‐blade turbines, and high‐efficiency impellers.
Kinetics of organochlorine removal from bleached kraft pulp mill effluent during biological treatment
Authors: Tripathi Chandra S. , Allen D. Grant 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBatch biodegradation kinetic studies were conducted with various bleached kraft pulp mill effluents containing organically bound chlorine measured as adsorbable organic halogen (AOX) (6.0 ‐ 35 mg Cl/L). Biomass, generated in both a continuous bench scale reactor and a mill scale activated sludge system, at various concentrations (0.4 ‐ 3.1 g VSS/L) was added to various effluents (about 70% ClO2 substitution).AOX removal kinetics were best described by a simple recalcitrant first order model: ‐ dS/dt = ks,1X(S‐S∞), where S and S∞ are AOX concentrations (mg Cl/L) at time t and t∞, respectively, ks,1 is the AOX removal rate constant (L/g VSS.h) and X is the biomass concentration (g VSS/L). The model indicated a constant non‐biodegradable fraction of AOX (0.4 mg of AOX per mg of influent AOX) and was able to predict the effect of dilution on AOX removal with a single value of ks,1 (0.13 L /g VSS.h). The degradation constants (0.16 L /g VSS.h) in the absence of effluent from the neutral sewer (i.e. for a mixture of acidic and alkaline effluent only) were significantly higher than those for whole mill effluent.
MD‐CD interaction modeling and control of paper machines
Authors: Kwok K. Ezra , Li Ping 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFor better quality control of paper machines, variations in the machine direction (MD), cross‐machine direction (CD) and their inherent interactions should be minimized. In this paper, a dynamic MD‐CD interaction model is developed by relating the effect of MD dry basis weight to the CD profile. Based on this model, a combined MD‐CD generalized predictive control strategy is proposed to handle the strong MD‐CD interaction. A set of industrial data was used to identify the interaction model. Results from closed‐loop simulation of the interaction model under the proposed control strategy show that a significant improvement in CD control during a grade change can be achieved.
Multimodel‐based minimum bias control of a benchmark paper machine process
Authors: Liu D. Y. , Fisher D. G. , Shah S. L. , Liu X. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis paper presents a multimodel‐based minimum bias (MB), long‐range predictive control algorithm that minimizes the bias in the output using a multiobjective optimization method.To enhance the robustness of the control system, the MB control scheme is extended to the multimodel‐ or multicontroller‐ based MB control scheme, which establishes several models simultaneously. Models with relatively small prediction errors are selected to form a group of acceptable models. The final control is chosen to be the weighted average of the MB controls. Models with significant or large errors are reinitialized.The proposed MB control scheme is evaluated by application to a paper machine benchmark problem and its performance is compared with that of other controllers.
Fundamental characteristics of combined impingement and through air drying of paper
Authors: Chen G. , Crotogino R. H. , Douglas W. J. M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAn experimental facility was developed to determine fundamental characteristics of combined impingement and through air drying of paper. Removal of impingement boundary layer humidity by through flow makes both components of the combined process nonadiabatic, complicating the analysis. Water removal rate curves for both the impingement exhaust and the through flow exhaust are strikingly different from pure impingement and pure through drying rate curves, with the through flow water removal rate curve having at times a unique, secondary increasing rate period. Total drying rate is enhanced substantially by removal of a small fraction of the drying air as through flow exhaust.
Sequential design including initial experimental runs for a kinetic study of propylene oxidation
Authors: Akiti T. T. , Bircumshaw Jr. L. D. , Eckert R. E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA sequential design strategy for selecting experimental runs to obtain model discrimination and precise parameter estimation is tested via a simulation study of propylene oxidation kinetics. The strategy is used to design all runs including the preliminary ones which were arbitrarily chosen by earlier researchers. To design initial runs, crude initial parameter guesses may be used in the rival models until least squares estimates can be calculated. Even under conditions of very bad initial guesses and high error variances, this procedure selects whichever model is the correct one and estimates with precision its parameters, in fewer runs than previously reported.