bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NOTCH-1 and NOTCH-4 are novel gene targets of PEA3 in breast cancer: novel therapeutic implications
Authors: Clementz Anthony G , Rogowski Allison , Pandya Kinnari , Miele Lucio , Osipo Clodia 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Introduction
Women with triple-negative breast cancer have the worst prognosis, frequently present with metastatic tumors and have few targeted therapy options. Notch-1 and Notch-4 are potent breast oncogenes that are overexpressed in triple-negative and other subtypes of breast cancer. PEA3, an ETS transcription factor, is also overexpressed in triple-negative and other breast cancer subtypes. We investigated whether PEA3 could be the critical transcriptional activator of Notch receptors in MDA-MB-231 and other breast cancer cells.

Methods
Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were performed to detect Notch-1, Notch-2, Notch-3 and Notch-4 receptor expression in breast cancer cells when PEA3 was knocked down by siRNA. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was performed to identify promoter regions for Notch genes that recruited PEA3. TAM-67 and c-Jun siRNA were used to identify that c-Jun was necessary for PEA3 enrichment on the Notch-4 promoter. A Notch-4 luciferase reporter was used to confirm that endogenous PEA3 or AP-1 activated the Notch-4 promoter region. Cell cycle analysis, trypan blue exclusion, annexin V flow cytometry, colony formation assay and an in vivo xenograft study were performed to determine the biological significance of targeting PEA3 via siRNA, Notch signaling via a γ-secretase inhibitor, or both.

Results
Herein we provide new evidence for transcriptional regulation of Notch by PEA3 in breast cancer. PEA3 activates Notch-1 transcription in MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and SKBr3 breast cancer cells. PEA3 activates Notch-4 transcription in MDA-MB-231 cells where PEA3 levels are endogenously high. In SKBr3 and BT474 breast cancer cells where PEA3 levels are low, overexpression of PEA3 increases Notch-4 transcripts. Chromatin immunoprecipitation confirmed the enrichment of PEA3 on Notch-1 and Notch-4 promoters in MDA-MB-231 cells. PEA3 recruitment to Notch-1 was AP-1-independent, whereas PEA3 recruitment to Notch-4 was c-JUN-dependent. Importantly, the combined inhibition of Notch signaling via a γ-secretase inhibitor (MRK-003 GSI) and knockdown of PEA3 arrested growth in the G1 phase, decreased both anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent growth and significantly increased apoptotic cells in vitro. Moreover, either PEA3 knockdown or MRK-003 GSI treatment significantly reduced tumor growth of MDA-MB-231 xenografts in vivo.

Conclusions
Taken together, the results from this study demonstrate for the first time that Notch-1 and Notch-4 are novel transcriptional targets of PEA3 in breast cancer cells. Targeting of PEA3 and/or Notch pathways might provide a new therapeutic strategy for triple-negative and possibly other breast cancer subtypes.
Natura e fine dei Caratteri di Teofrasto. Storia di un enigma
Authors: Ranocchia Graziano 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The question of the nature and the scope of Theophrastus’ Characters is one of the most intricated and most desperate puzzles of classical studies. Today many scholars are either sceptical about the possibility of giving a univocal answer to this vexatissima quaestio or prefer not to take position about it. Among the most various interpretations four principal theses arise. According to them, the Characters represent respectively: 1. a complement to a treatise of moral philosophy; 2. a literary work written in an artistic prose with a humorous intention; 3. a rhetorical exercise for training in schools of rhetoric; 4. the appendix to a treatise of poetical theory. Through a historical survey of the relevant scholarship, I will show that the first two positions cannot reasonably be held any more. The last two ones, instead, conserve most of their scientific value and should be used in the next future as a new hermeneutical basis for a possible solution or semplification of the ‘Theophrastean question’.
Folklorica
Authors: Lelli Emanuele 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
A comparison with south-Italian folklore can be an interesting key to interpret some aspects of ancient culture.
For instance, Theocr. id. 10, 11 χαλεπὸν χορίω κύνα γεῦσαι could be explained as “it’s a risk for a dog to taste a doggy placenta”, on the basis of Geopon. 19, 2, 17; also numerous evidences of the superstitious practices of dog ‘magic binding’ support this interpretation. In the famous scene of Aeschylus’ Choeph. 894–924 Clytaimestra shows her breast in front of Orestes: I suggest here a different set from the suppliant’s one. In fact, in south-Italian folklore, to show the breast in front of a son is the traditional set of a mother’s malediction. In Varro rust. 1, 37, 2 the text of all manuscripts decrescente
luna is correct: cutting the hair is to be avoided on waning moon, as well as it is widely believed in ancient and modern folklore.
Different Annual Recurrence Pattern Between Lumpectomy and Mastectomy: Implication for Breast Cancer Surveillance After Breast-Conserving Surgery
Authors: Yu Ke-Da , Li Shuang , Shao Zhi-Ming 
Published: June 2011

Abstract

Purpose.
To investigate the recurrence pattern and annual recurrence risk after breast-conserving surgery and compare them with those after mastectomy.

Methods.
This retrospective analysis included 6,135 consecutive unilateral breast cancer patients undergoing surgery in 1998–2008, with 847 lumpectomy patients and 5,288 mastectomy patients. Recurrence patterns were scrutinized and annual recurrence rates were calculated. Furthermore, a literature-based review including seven relevant studies was subsequently performed to confirm our single-institution data-based observations.

Results.
After lumpectomy, 50.9% of recurrences occurred within 3 years and 30.2% of recurrences were detected at 3–5 years; after mastectomy, 64.9% of recurrences occurred within 3 years and 20.4% occurred at 3–5 years. The major locoregional recurrence pattern after lumpectomy was ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence, which mainly (81.3%) occurred ≤5 years postsurgery but with a low incidence of 37.5% ≤3 years postsurgery. Annual recurrence curves indicated that the relapse peak after mastectomy emerged in the first 2 years; however, recurrence after lumpectomy increased annually with the highest peak near 5 years. By reviewing relevant studies, we confirmed our finding of different annual recurrence patterns for lumpectomy and mastectomy patients. The hazard ratio of dying for those recurring ≤5 years postlumpectomy relative to patients relapsing &gt;5 years postlumpectomy was 4.62 (95% confidence interval, 1.05–20.28; p = .042).

Conclusions.
Different recurrence patterns between mastectomy and lumpectomy patients imply that scheduling of surveillance visits should be more frequent during the 4–6 years after lumpectomy. Further prospective trials addressing the necessity of frequent and longer surveillance after lumpectomy are warranted.
The Individual and Program Impacts of Eliminating Medicaid Dental Benefits in the Oregon Health Plan
Authors: Wallace Neal T. , Carlson Matthew J. , Mosen David M. , Snyder John J. , Wright Bill J. 
Published: June 2011

Objectives. We determined how elimination of dental benefits among adult Medicaid beneficiaries in Oregon affected their access to dental care, Medicaid expenditures, and use of medical settings for dental services. Methods. We used a natural experimental design using Medicaid claims data (n = 22 833) before and after Medicaid dental benefits were eliminated in Oregon in 2003 and survey data for continuously enrolled Oregon Health Plan enrollees (n = 718) covering 3 years after benefit cuts. Results. Claims analysis showed that, compared with enrollees who retained dental benefits, those who lost benefits had large increases in dental-related emergency department use (101.7%; P < .001) and expenditures (98.8%; P < .001) and in all ambulatory medical care use (77.0%; P < .01) and expenditures (114.5%; P < .01). Survey results indicated that enrollees who lost dental benefits had nearly 3 times the odds (odds ratio = 2.863; P = .001) of unmet dental need, and only one third the odds (odds ratio = 0.340; P = .001) of getting annual dental checkups relative to those retaining benefits. Conclusions. Combined evidence from both analyses suggested that the elimination of dental benefits resulted in significant unmet dental health care needs, which led to increased use of medical settings for dental problems.
A Qualitative Assessment of Beliefs, Attitudes, and Behaviors Related to Diarrhea and Water Filtration in Rural Kenya
Authors: De Ver Dye Timothy , Apondi Rose , Lugada Eric , Kahn James G. , Sandiford-Day Mary Ann , DasBanerjee Tania 
Published: June 2011

Objectives. We qualitatively assessed beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors related to diarrhea and water filtration in rural Kenya. Methods. A public health campaign was conducted in rural western Kenya to give community members a comprehensive prevention package of goods and services, including a personal water filter or a household water filter (or both). Two months after the campaign, we conducted qualitative interviews with 34 campaign attendees to assess their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors related to diarrhea and use of the filtration devices. Results. Participants held generally correct perceptions of diarrhea causation. Participants provided positive reports of their experiences with using filters and of their success with obtaining clean water, reducing disease, and reducing consumption of resources otherwise needed to produce clean water. Several participants offered technical suggestions for device improvements, and most participants were still using the devices at the time of the assessment. Conclusions. Novel water filtration devices distributed as part of a comprehensive public health campaign rapidly proved acceptable to community members and were consistent with community practices and beliefs.
Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes in Sweden Among Individuals Aged 0–34 Years, 1983–2007
Authors: Dahlquist Gisela G. , Nyström Lennarth , Patterson Christopher C. ,   the Swedish Childhood Diabetes Study Group,   the Diabetes Incidence in Sweden Study Group
Published: June 2011

OBJECTIVE
To clarify whether the increase in childhood type 1 diabetes is mirrored by a decrease in older age-groups, resulting in younger age at diagnosis.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We used data from two prospective research registers, the Swedish Childhood Diabetes Register, which included case subjects aged 0–14.9 years at diagnosis, and the Diabetes in Sweden Study, which included case subjects aged 15–34.9 years at diagnosis, covering birth cohorts between 1948 and 2007. The total database included 20,249 individuals with diabetes diagnosed between 1983 and 2007. Incidence rates over time were analyzed using Poisson regression models.

RESULTS
The overall yearly incidence rose to a peak of 42.3 per 100,000 person-years in male subjects aged 10–14 years and to a peak of 37.1 per 100,000 person-years in female subjects aged 5–9 years and decreased thereafter. There was a significant increase by calendar year in both sexes in the three age-groups &lt;15 years; however, there were significant decreases in the older age-groups (25- to 29-years and 30- to 34-years age-groups). Poisson regression analyses showed that a cohort effect seemed to dominate over a time-period effect.

CONCLUSIONS
Twenty-five years of prospective nationwide incidence registration demonstrates a clear shift to younger age at onset rather than a uniform increase in incidence rates across all age-groups. The dominance of cohort effects over period effects suggests that exposures affecting young children may be responsible for the increasing incidence in the younger age-groups.
Developing and Validating a Risk Score for Lower-Extremity Amputation in Patients Hospitalized for a Diabetic Foot Infection
Authors: Lipsky Benjamin A. , Weigelt John A. , Sun Xiaowu , Johannes Richard S. , Derby Karen G. , Tabak Ying P. 
Published: June 2011

OBJECTIVE
Diabetic foot infection is the predominant predisposing factor to nontraumatic lower-extremity amputation (LEA), but few studies have investigated which specific risk factors are most associated with LEA. We sought to develop and validate a risk score to aid in the early identification of patients hospitalized for diabetic foot infection who are at highest risk of LEA.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Using a large, clinical research database (CareFusion), we identified patients hospitalized at 97 hospitals in the U.S. between 2003 and 2007 for culture-documented diabetic foot infection. Candidate risk factors for LEA included demographic data, clinical presentation, chronic diseases, and recent previous hospitalization. We fit a logistic regression model using 75% of the population and converted the model coefficients to a numeric risk score. We then validated the score using the remaining 25% of patients.

RESULTS
Among 3,018 eligible patients, 21.4% underwent an LEA. The risk factors most highly associated with LEA (P &lt; 0.0001) were surgical site infection, vasculopathy, previous LEA, and a white blood cell count &gt;11,000 per mm3. The model showed good discrimination (c-statistic 0.76) and excellent calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow, P = 0.63). The risk score stratified patients into five groups, demonstrating a graded relation to LEA risk (P &lt; 0.0001). The LEA rates (derivation and validation cohorts) were 0% for patients with a score of 0 and ~50% for those with a score of ≥21.

CONCLUSIONS
Using a large, hospitalized population, we developed and validated a risk score that seems to accurately stratify the risk of LEA among patients hospitalized for a diabetic foot infection. This score may help to identify high-risk patients upon admission.
A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Comparison of a Novel Formulation of Intravenous Diclofenac and Ketorolac for Postoperative Third Molar Extraction Pain
Authors: Christensen Kyle , Daniels Stephen , Bandy Donald , Ernst Cynthia C. , Hamilton Douglas A. , Mermelstein Fred H. , Wang Jianyuan , Carr Daniel B. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Dyloject is a novel formulation of diclofenac intended for intravenous (IV) administration. This formulation employs the solubilizing agent hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin to permit bolus IV administration. The efficacy and safety of 5 dose levels of IV diclofenac were compared with IV ketorolac and placebo following third molar extraction. This was a single-dose, randomized, double-blind, placebo- and comparator-controlled, parallel-group study. A total of 353 subjects with moderate to severe pain received placebo; ketorolac 30 mg; or IV diclofenac 3.75, 9.4, 18.75, 37.5, or 75 mg (N  =  51 for all groups, except N  =  47 for ketorolac). The primary endpoint was total pain relief over 6 hours (TOTPAR6) as measured by the visual analog scale (VAS). Secondary endpoints included multiple measures of pain intensity and relief; patient global evaluation; and times to pain relief and rescue medication. Dropouts and adverse effects (AEs) were also monitored. IV diclofenac was superior to placebo as measured by TOTPAR6 (P < .0001 for all doses except 3.75 mg, for which P  =  .0341). IV diclofenac 3.75 mg was statistically superior to placebo for TOTPAR2 and TOTPAR4. IV diclofenac at both 37.5 and 75 mg was superior to placebo (P < .05) at the earliest (5 minute) assessments of pain intensity and pain relief, but ketorolac was not. The proportion of patients reporting 30% or greater pain relief at 5 minutes was significantly greater after IV diclofenac 37.5 and 75 mg than after ketorolac 30 mg or placebo. Secondary endpoints confirmed the primary findings. Treatment-related AEs were generally mild to moderate and were typical for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The more rapid onset of action of IV diclofenac compared with the reference injectable NSAID ketorolac suggests additional clinical benefit. If confirmed in larger series, these findings may improve the safety and efficacy of postoperative NSAID analgesia.
The effect of aluminium oxide on the reduction of cobalt oxide and thermostabillity of cobalt and cobalt oxide
Authors: Lendzion-Bieluń Zofia , Jędrzejewski Roman , Arabczyk Walerian 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
During precipitation and calcination at 200°C nanocrystalline Co3O4 was obtained with average size crystallites of 13 nm and a well developed specific surface area of 44 m2 g−1. A small addition of a structural promoter, e.g. Al2O3, increases the specific surface area of the cobalt oxide (54 m2 g−1) and decreases the average size of crystallites (7 nm). Al2O3 inhibits the reduction process of Co3O4 by hydrogen. Reduction of cobalt oxide with aluminium oxide addition runs by equilibrium state at all the respective temperatures. The apparent activation energy of the recrystallization process of the nanocrystalline cobalt promoted by the aluminium oxide is 85 kJ mol−1. Aluminium oxide improves the thermostability of both cobalt oxide and the cobalt obtained as a result of oxide phase reduction.
Silicon-based thiourea-mediated and microwave-assisted thio-Michael addition under solvent-free reaction conditions
Authors: Prabakaran Kamalakannan , Gund Machindra , Kim Tae , Jeong Euh , Oh Chae , Nawaz Khan Fazlur-Rahman , Jin Jong 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSilicon-based thiourea (SiliaBond® Thiourea) (Si-THU), a heterogeneous catalyst, has been applied to the highly selective C-S bond formation via Michael addition of thiols to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds under solvent-free conditions at 55–60°C. The thio-Michael addition products were obtained in an excellent yield under optimised conditions. This methodology involving a metal-free as well as a metal scavenger catalyst has been found to be an alternative method for the thio-Michael addition reaction.
Sustaining Scholarly Publishing: New Business Models for University Presses
Authors: Withey Lynne , Cohn Steve , Faran Ellen , Jensen Michael , Kiely Garrett , Underwood Will , Wilcox Bruce , Brown Richard , Givler Peter , Holzman Alex , Keane Kathleen 
Published: June 2011

Within the scholarly communications ecosystem, scholarly publishers are a keystone species. University presses—as well as academic societies, research institutions, and other scholarly publishers—strive to fulfil our mission of ‘making public the fruits of scholarly research’ as effectively as possible within that ecosystem. While that mission has remained constant, in recent years the landscape in which we carry out this mission has altered dramatically. The expertise residing within university presses can help the scholarly enterprise prosper in both influence and impact as it moves ever more fully digital. However, the simple product-sales models of the twentieth century, devised when information was scarce and expensive, are clearly inappropriate for the twenty-first-century scholarly ecosystem. This report (a) identifies elements of the current scholarly publishing systems that are worth protecting and retaining throughout this and future periods of transition; (b) explores business models of existing projects that hold promise; (c) outlines the characteristics of effective business models; (d) addresses the challenges of the transitional period we are entering; and (e) arrives at recommendations that might allow us to sustain high-quality scholarship at a time when the fundamental expectations of publishing are changing.
Définitions mathématiques pour philosophes
Authors: Tappenden Jamie 
Published: June 2011

Résumé Le choix de définitions « naturelles » ou « correctes » est un aspect fondamental de la recherche mathématique qui a été négligé dans l’étude de la connaissance mathématique. L’une des raisons qui expliquent cet abandon tient au sentiment qu’ont eu de nombreux auteurs que la préférence pour une définition au détriment d’une autre ne pouvait être que « simplement psychologique » ou « subjective » en sorte que de tels jugements ne pouvaient pas être philosophiquement intéressants. Je discute ici d’un sens minimal du terme « objectif » selon lequel on pourrait de manière défendable argumenter que de tels choix de définitions préférées sont objectivement corrects, en dépit des raisons apparemment « esthétiques » qui soutiennent un tel jugement.
Le décodage biologique. Diffusion d’une nouvelle médecine non-conventionnelle contre le cancer
Authors: Sarradon-Eck Aline , Caudullo Coralie 
Published: June 2011

De nouvelles médecines alternatives, regroupées sous l’appellation « décodage biologique », reposent sur une conception psychosomatique du cancer. Elles sont apparues en Europe dans les années 1990. Dans une perspective critique, l’article tente de comprendre la diffusion de ces nouvelles thérapies. S’inspirant du travail de D. Fassin sur les réseaux de l’ethnopsychiatrie, il analyse la construction d’une légitimation du décodage biologique et de ses praticiens, en décrivant les réseaux qui diffusent les théories et favorisent l’adoption de la pratique. L’article montre l’enracinement de ces nouvelles thérapies dans des représentations sociales et des modèles culturels de l’étiologie du cancer et du “faire face” à la maladie qui permettent ou renforcent l’adoption et l’appropriation de la pensée psychosomatique alternative.
Abortion Provision and Delays to Care in a Clinic Network in Washington State After Dobbs
Authors: Riley Taylor , Fiastro Anna E. , Benson Lyndsey S. , Khattar Anuj , Prager Sarah , Godfrey Emily M. 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceThe Supreme Court decision Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization (Dobbs) overturned federal protections to abortion care and altered the reproductive health care landscape. Thus far, aggregated state-level data reveal increases in the number of abortions in states where abortion is still legal, but there is limited information on delays to care and changes in the characteristics of people accessing abortion in these states after Dobbs.ObjectiveTo examine changes in abortion provision and delays to care after Dobbs.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsRetrospective cohort study of all abortions performed at an independent, high-volume reproductive health care clinic network in Washington state from January 1, 2017, to July 31, 2023. Using an interrupted time series, the study assessed changes in abortion care after Dobbs.ExposureAbortion care obtained after (June 24, 2022, to July 31, 2023) vs before (January 1, 2017, to June 23, 2022) Dobbs.Main Outcome and MeasurePrimary outcomes included weekly number of abortions and out-of-state patients and weekly average of gestational duration (days) and time to appointment (days).ResultsAmong the 18 379 abortions during the study period, most were procedural (13 192 abortions [72%]) and funded by public insurance (11 412 abortions [62%]). The mean (SD) age of individuals receiving abortion care was 28.5 (6.44) years. Following Dobbs, the number of procedural abortions per week increased by 6.35 (95% CI, 2.83-9.86), but then trended back toward pre-Dobbs levels. The number of out-of-state patients per week increased by 2 (95% CI, 1.1-3.6) and trends remained stable. The average gestational duration per week increased by 6.9 (95% CI, 3.6-10.2) days following Dobbs, primarily due to increased gestations of procedural abortions. The average gestational duration among out-of-state patients did not change following Dobbs, but it did increase by 6 days for in-state patients (5.9; 95% CI, 3.2-8.6 days). There were no significant changes in time to appointment.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings provide a detailed picture of changes in abortion provision and delays to care after Dobbs in a state bordering a total ban state. In this study, more people traveled from out of state to receive care and in-state patients sought care a week later in gestation. These findings can inform interventions and policies to improve access for all seeking abortion care.