bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ℙmax variations for separating club guessing principles
Authors: Ishiu Tetsuya , Larson Paul B. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn his book on ℙmax [7], Woodin presents a collection of partial orders whose extensions satisfy strong club guessing principles on ω1. In this paper we employ one of the techniques from this book to produce ℙmax variations which separate various club guessing principles. The principle (+) and its variants are weak guessing principles which were first considered by the second author [4] while studying games of length ω1. It was shown in [1] that the Continuum Hypothesis does not imply (+) and that (+) does not imply the existence of a club guessing sequence ω1. In this paper we give an alternate proof of the second of these results, using Woodin's ℙmax technology, showing that a strengthening of (+) does not imply a weakening of club guessing known as the Interval Hitting Principle. The main technique in this paper, in addition to the standard ℙmax machinery, is the use of condensation principles to build suitable iterations.
Formulation and evaluation of delayed-onset extended-release tablets of metoprolol tartrate using hydrophilic-swellable polymers
Authors: Dadarwal Subhash , Madan Sarika , Agrawal Shyam 
Published: April 2012

Formulation and evaluation of delayed-onset extended-release tablets of metoprolol tartrate using hydrophilic-swellable polymers
In view of the circadian rhythm of cardiovascular diseases, a delayed-onset extended-release (DOER) formulation of metoprolol tartrate (MT) was prepared. This was achieved through dissolution-guided optimization of the proportion of Methocel K4M and Methocel K15M. Core erosion ratio was greater than 50 %, thereby showing steady release of the drug after the lag time until complete dissolution. Optimized formulation produced a lag phase of 6 h followed by complete release of 98.7 ± 2.1 % in 24 h. Water uptake study revealed that Methocel K15M has lower water uptake (30 ± 1 %) than Methocel K4M (40 ± 2 %) after 24 h. Axial swelling of polymers was higher than swelling in the radial direction. Drug-polymer interaction study precludes any interaction between drug and polymer. Such a drug delivery system may provide a viable alternative for effective management of hypertension and other related disorders. This work also proposes an approach to attain DOER for a hydrophilic drug by using a hydrophilic swellable polymer in press coat.
An evaluation of kinesthetic differentiation ability in monofin swimmers
Authors: Rejman Marek , Klarowicz Andrzej , Zatoń Krystyna 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThe aim of this study was to compare the ability of monofin swimmers in reproducing the bending forces that act on a monofin's surface through the specific leg movement present in swimming as well as the forces that the swimmers generated on a kinesthesiometer as part of a dry-land simulation trial.MethodsSix men, members of the National Monofin Swimming Team, took part in the study. The level of the swimmers' kinesthetic response was defined by examining their repeatability in producing the bend forces that act on a monofin's surface as a reaction to water resistance and by investigation on the pressure force generated by a swimmer's lower limbs during dry-land tests on a kinesthesiometer.Results and conclusionsIt was established that a high level of kinesthetic response, estimated in the group of monofin swimmers, was the result of an adaptation evoked from the specificity of their sensory stimulus perception, received in the form of feedback from the monofin's large surface area.
The use of thermal imaging to evaluate body temperature changes of athletes during training and a study on the impact of physiological and morphological factors on skin temperature
Authors: Chudecka Monika , Lubkowska Anna 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThe aim of this study was to assess the temperature changes of selected body surfaces (the arm and forearm) as a response to 90-minute physical exercise as well as to analyze the impact of physiological and morphological factors on the dynamics of temperature change.MethodsA study group that consisted of 12 professional volleyball players was subjected to endurance training which lasted 90 minutes. Numerous physiological and morphological factors were measured, with mean temperatures registered from the body surface of the upper extremities before, immediately after, and ten min after physical effort by a thermal camera (SC500 ThermaCAM camera) at room temperature.ResultsAfter physical exercise, a fall in skin temperature resulting from prolonged sweating during the dynamic exercise tests was observed. The temperature changes in volleyball players, recorded in a series of tests, were found to be larger on the front surfaces of their upper extremities when compared to the rear. In addition, statistically significant positive correlation between maximum oxygen uptake (VO<sub>2max</sub>) and %HR<sub>max</sub>, calculated with the decrease in skin temperatures, was found.ConclusionsThe strong and statistically significant influence of maximum oxygen uptake on the drop in surface temperature of the upper extremities (arm and forearm) immediately after the exercise indicates that thermography can be used as an additional, non-invasive method that provides information on a player's fitness level in comparison to other athletes.
The influence of the way of planning teaching content on the effectiveness of mastering self-defence techniques
Authors: Zalech Mirosław 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThe improvement of a learning process through transferring a skill already acquired to another one which is being learnt is one of the factors contributing to increasing the effectiveness of teaching. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of teaching performed on the basis of two plans, i.e. a traditional (intuitive) one and a network one.MethodsA pedagogical experiment covering 13 weekly sessions of self-defence elements were taught. The control group was taught according to an algorithm developed in a traditional (intuitive) way, whereas the experimental group was taught according to a algorithm developed on the network model. After the sessions had been completed, five experts evaluated the acquisition level of three randomly selected elements. The results obtained by 32 men (average age 21.29 ± 0.76 years) from the experimental group and 32 men from the control group (average age 21.18 ± 0.87 years) were analysed statistically with the Student's t-test, two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Fisher post-hoc test.ResultsThe experts did not differ in evaluating both groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Moreover, no interactions were revealed (<i>p</i> < 0.05) between the method of planning the teaching programme and the experts who evaluated the acquisition level of the taught elements. The only significant difference between the experimental group and the control group was observed in the method of planning the teaching programme, according to which self-defence elements were taught (<i>p</i> < 0.01).ConclusionsThe acquisition level of the taught self-defence elements according to the algorithm developed by basing it on the network model turned out to be significantly higher than in the case of those elements taught in the traditional (intuitive) planning process.
Usage of Information and Communication Technology in Micro Enterprises in the Last Decade
Authors: Žnidaršič Anja , Werber Borut 
Published: April 2012

Usage of Information and Communication Technology in Micro Enterprises in the Last Decade
The paper presents the comparison of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) usage in Slovenian micro enterprises, using data derived from two studies carried out in years 1999 and 2009. Data for the studies were collected via structured interviews with owners or top managers of micro enterprises. We compared hardware and software equipment, business properties, characteristics of the interviewees and their impact on the successful use of ICT. The results show considerable changes in the ICT equipment, but that does not reflect in a better use of software compared to a decade ago. Key factors of successful use of ICT remain the same. The investment in ICT depends on owners' decisions and the most important factors are the owners' formal education and their skills and knowledge in ICT field. It was indicated that in recent years the investment of education in ICT field for both groups, owners and employees, was considerable lowered.
Effect of Olympic Weight Category on Performance in the Roundhouse Kick to the Head in Taekwondo
Authors: Estevan Isaac , Falco Coral , Álvarez Octavio , Molina-García Javier 
Published: April 2012

Effect of Olympic Weight Category on Performance in the Roundhouse Kick to the Head in Taekwondo
In taekwondo, kick performance is generally measured using impact force and time. This study aimed to analyse performance in the roundhouse kick to the head according to execution distance between and within Olympic weight categories. The participants were 36 male athletes divided into three categories: featherweight (n = 10), welterweight (n = 15) and heavyweight (n = 11). Our results show that taekwondo athletes in all weight categories generate a similar relative impact force. However, the results indicate that weight has a large impact on kick performance, particularly in relation to total response time.
The Effect of Introducing a Smaller and Lighter Basketball on Female Basketball Players' Shot Accuracy
Authors: Podmenik Nadja , Leskošek Bojan , Erčulj Frane 
Published: April 2012

The Effect of Introducing a Smaller and Lighter Basketball on Female Basketball Players' Shot Accuracy
Our study examined whether the introduction of a smaller and lighter basketball (no. 6) affected the accuracy of female basketball players' shots at the basket. The International Basketball Federation (FIBA) introduced a size 6 ball in the 2004/2005 season to improve the efficiency and accuracy of technical elements, primarily shots at the basket. The sample for this study included 573 European female basketball players who were members of national teams that had qualified for the senior women's European championships in 2001, 2003, 2005 and 2007. A size 7 (larger and heavier) basketball was used by 286 players in 1,870 matches, and a size 6 basketball was used by 287 players in 1,966 matches. The players were categorised into three playing positions: guards, forwards and centres. The results revealed that statistically significant changes by year occurred only in terms of the percentage of successful free throws. With the size 6 basketball, this percentage decreased. Statistically significant differences between the playing positions were observed in terms of the percentage of field goals worth three points (between guards and forwards) and two points (between guards and centres). The results show that the introduction of the size 6 basketball did not lead to improvement in shooting accuracy (the opposite was found for free throws), although the number of three-point shots increased.
Petrology of plagiogranite from Sjenica, Dinaridic Ophiolite Belt (southwestern Serbia)
Authors: Milovanović Dragan , Srećković-Batoćanin Danica , Savić Marija , Popovic Dana 
Published: April 2012

Petrology of plagiogranite from Sjenica, Dinaridic Ophiolite Belt (southwestern Serbia)The Sjenica plagiogranite occurs in the southern part of the Dinaridic Ophiolite Belt, 5 km northwest of Sjenica. The main minerals are albite with strongly altered biotite (replaced with chlorite), with occasional amphibole (magnesio hornblende to tschermakite) and quartz. An enclave of fine-grained granitic rocks with garnet grains was noted too. Secondary minerals are calcite and chlorite (daphnite). Major, trace and REE geochemistry coupled with field observations support a model by which the Sjenica plagiogranite could be formed by fractional crystallization of mantle origin mafic magma in a supra-subduction zone setting. Occurrences of calcite and chlorite nests in the Sjenica plagiogranites revealed that these rocks underwent hydrothermal alteration due to intensive sea water circulation in a sub-sea-floor environment.
Ichnology of Upper Cretaceous deep-sea thick-bedded flysch sandstones: Lower Istebna Beds, Silesian Unit (Outer Carpathians, southern Poland)
Authors: Rajchel Jacek , Uchman Alfred 
Published: April 2012

Ichnology of Upper Cretaceous deep-sea thick-bedded flysch sandstones: Lower Istebna Beds, Silesian Unit (Outer Carpathians, southern Poland)
The Ophiomorpha rudis ichnosubfacies of the Nereites ichnofacies was recognized in thick- and very thick-bedded sandstones of the Lower Istebna Beds (Campanian-Maastrichtian), which were deposited mainly in deep-sea clastic ramps and aprons. It contains mainly Ophiomorpha rudis (produced by deeply burrowing decapod crustaceans) and rarely Zoophycos isp. and Chondrites isp. The impoverished Paleodictyon ichnosubfacies of the Nereites ichnofacies is present in the medium- and thin-bedded packages of flysch sandwiched between the thick- and very thick-bedded sandstones. They contain Chondrites isp., Phycosiphon incertum, Planolites isp., Arthrophycus strictus, Thalassinoides isp., Ophiomorpha annulata, O. rudis, Scolicia strozzii and Helminthorhaphe flexuosa. The relatively low diversity of this assemblage is influenced by limited areas covered by muddy substrate, which favours deep-sea tracemakers, and partly by a lowered oxygenation in the sediment.
Paleoecology of the Upper Eocene-Lower Oligocene Malcov Basin based on the calcareous nannofossils: a case study of the Leluchów section (Krynica Zone, Magura Nappe, Polish Outer Carpathians)
Authors: Oszczypko-Clowes Marta , Żydek Bartłomiej 
Published: April 2012

Paleoecology of the Upper Eocene-Lower Oligocene Malcov Basin based on the calcareous nannofossils: a case study of the Leluchów section (Krynica Zone, Magura Nappe, Polish Outer Carpathians)During the period of ca. 20 Ma (Middle Eocene-Chattian) the Leluchów Succession of the Magura Basin passed through drastic changes of sedimentary condition and paleobathymetry from well oxygened red shales withReticulofragmium amplectens, deposited beneath CCD, redGlobigerinaoozes, to oxygen depleted organic-rich menilite-type shales and finally to flysch deposition of open marine conditions. The biostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic scheme is well established with the Leluchów Marl Member — Zones NP19-20 to NP22 (Late Eocene-Early Oligocene), Smereczek Shale Member, Zone NP23 (Early Oligocene) and the Malcov Formation s.s., Zone NP24 (Early-Late Oligocene). The aim of the paper is to present the quantitative analyses as the basis for paleoecological changes in the Magura Basin during the Late Eocene-Late Oligocene period. The changes manifest themselves through a decrease in the water temperature and progressing eutrophication. Species typical of brackish water conditions and restricted to the Paratethys region were identified from the NP23 Zone.
Location of Processor Allocator and Job Scheduler and Its Impact on CMP Performance
Authors: Zydek Dawid , Chmaj Grzegorz , Shawky Alaa , Selvaraj Henry 
Published: April 2012

Location of Processor Allocator and Job Scheduler and Its Impact on CMP PerformanceHigh Performance Computing (HPC) architectures are being developed continually with an aim of achieving exascale capability by 2020. Processors that are being developed and used as nodes in HPC systems are Chip Multiprocessors (CMPs) with a number of cores. In this paper, we continue our effort towards a better processor allocation process. The Processor Allocator (PA) and Job Scheduler (JS) proposed and implemented in our previous works are explored in the context of its best location on the chip. We propose a system, where all locations on a chip can be analyzed, considering energy used by Network-on-Chip (NoC), PA and JS, and processing elements. We present energy models for the researched CMP components, mathematical model of the system, and experimentation system. Based on experimental results, proper placement of PA and JS on a chip can provide up to 45% NoC energy savings.
Sensor-Actor Network Solution for Scalable Ad-hoc Sensor Networks
Authors: Chaczko Zenon , Chiu Christopher , Aslanzadeh Shahrzad , Dune Toby 
Published: April 2012

Sensor-Actor Network Solution for Scalable Ad-hoc Sensor NetworksArchitects of ad-hoc wireless Sensor-Actor Networks (SANETS) face various problems and challenges. The main limitations relate to aspects such as the number of sensor nodes involved, low bandwidth, management of resources and issues related to energy management. In order for these networks to be functionally proficient, the underlying software system must be able to effectively handle unreliable and dynamic distributed communication, power constraints of wireless devices, failure of hardware devices in hostile environments and the remote allocation of distributed processing tasks throughout the wireless network. The solution must be solved in a highly scalable manner. This paper provides the requirements analysis and presents the design of a software system middleware that provides a scalable solution for ad-hoc sensor network infrastructure made of both stationary and mobile sensors and actuators.
Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) of midfield thickets in an agricultural landscape
Authors: Bennewicz Janina 
Published: April 2012

Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) of midfield thickets in an agricultural landscape
The occurrence and structure of associations and communities of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in different types of midfield thickets (boundaries, bushes and "forest islands") characteristic of the Lower Vistula River Valley region are described. The study shows that midfield thickets in an agricultural environment are more attractive to aphids than those in a landscape park. It indicates that aphids choose sites with a superior availability and quantity of food and where midfield thickets border a large area of fields under cultivation. Midfield thickets are habitats which are either not inhabited by aphid species considered to be plant pests, or are treated by them as sites for further dispersal. Moreover, the aphids are often subspecies not regarded as pests, as in the case of Aphis fabae, or they feed mainly on herbaceous plants, like Hyalopterus pruni, which is most commonly recorded on common reed.
Five tortricines from Malaysia and New Caledonia (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Razowski Józef 
Published: April 2012

Five tortricines from Malaysia and New Caledonia (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Aoupinieta gen. n. and Homalernis mankoboi sp. n., H. jeriau sp. n., Peraglyphis silvana sp. n., Aoupinieta hollowayi sp. n., A. novaecaledoniae sp. n. are described as new. Arotrophora crustata Meyrick is transferred to Peraglyphis Common. Peraglyphis is new to the Oriental region.
Tortricines in the fauna of Nepal (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Razowski Józef 
Published: April 2012

Tortricines in the fauna of Nepal (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Five species of Tortricini and one Polyorthini are reported from Nepal. Acleris ganesia, A. gothena and Sociosa nesima are described as new. The hitherto unknown female genitalia of A. monagma Diakonoff are described, and data on the external variation in some species are provided.
Data Matrix in the PCB production
Authors: Marchewka Adam , Zdrojewski Jarosław 
Published: April 2012

Data Matrix in the PCB production
This article presents an approach to Data Matrix code analysis used during preparation of the exposure machine. Tasks realized by the machine are described in a defined way. The choice of description and the verification of film choice correctness are performed automatically, based on data from camera images. This method allows automating the settings and transmission of specific data for the performed task.
Analytical, Numerical and Experimental Examination of Reinforced Composites Beams Covered with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic
Authors: Kasimzade A. , Tuhta S. 
Published: April 2012

Analytical, Numerical and Experimental Examination of Reinforced Composites Beams Covered with Carbon Fiber Reinforced PlasticIn the article, analytical, numerical (Finite Element Method) and experimental investigation results of beam that was strengthened with fiber reinforced plastic-FRP composite has been given as comparative, the effect of FRP wrapping number to the maximum load and moment capacity has been evaluated depending on this results. Carbon FRP qualitative dependences have been occurred between wrapping number and beam load and moment capacity for repair-strengthen the reinforced concrete beams with carbon fiber. Shown possibilities of application traditional known analysis programs, for the analysis of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) strengthened structures.
Converging Environmental Knowledge: Re-evaluating the Birth of Modern Environmentalism in Finland
Authors: Räsänen Tuomas 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
In this article I wish to challenge the current scholarly consensus on the origins of modern environmentalism in Finland. Finnish environmental history literature has emphasised the assumption that Rachel Carson's Silent Spring transformed environmental ideas and policy in Finland, as it allegedly did in some other countries. Basing the argument on the scientific research on toxic pollution in Finland and Sweden in the 1960s and early 1970s, I argue that the decisive and transforming influence originated instead from Swedish science. It was only after Swedish scientists had presented evidence that the Swedish environment was severely contaminated by toxic chemicals that Finns launched their own research projects verifying these findings in Finland too. This caused a sense of anxiety among the Finnish public and galvanised not only the Finnish environmental movement but also Finnish society as a whole. The article concludes by sketching a preliminary model for further research on the birth of modern environmentalism.
Biologists Bridging Science and the Conservation Movement: The Rise of Nature Conservation and Nature Management in the Netherlands, 1850-1950
Authors: van der Wint Henny J. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This paper investigates the importance and various roles of amateur naturalists and biologists in the conservation movement between 1850 and 1950, in particular in the Netherlands. It is concluded that biological sciences were important resources for Dutch nature conservation, although the extent of their importance and the approaches taken varied considerably over the course of decades. Early on, amateur naturalists were leading 'movement intellectuals' who combined different types of knowledge, arguments for the protection of nature and practices in a new way. Later, after the institutionalisation of biology, the rise of ecology and the societal recognition of nature conservation, professional scientists developed new approaches and became more influential. They gave nature conservation more status and greater legitimacy. The founding of networks with scientists and other actors turned out to be of great importance. So a new societal role for biologists was created, but also a niche for ecological research. In the Netherlands, biologists had different strategies, some of them more appropriate for practical and political aims and for cooperation with amateurs than others. The Dutch interactions between scientists and conservation resemble those in Germany and the UK, but were quite different from those in Belgium.