bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing the Gamma-Ray Emission Region of Five TeV Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars
Authors: Xiao Hu-Bing , Cao Hai-Tao , Xue Rui , Cai Jin-Ting , Wang Ge-Ge , Manganaro Marina , Zhang Shao-Hua , Ouyang Zhi-Hao , Fu Li-Ping , Fan Jun-Hui 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The location of γ-ray emission of blazars remains a contested topic, inspiring the development of numerous investigative techniques to address this issue. In this work, we analyzed Fermi γ-ray light curves in the GeV and MeV bands, employing the discrete cross-correlation function method to discern time lags between the two bands. For 4C +21.35, Ton 599, B2 1420+32, and PKS 1510-089, we identified a time lag spanning several days, while for PKS 1441+25, the time lag was not statistically found. The results imply that the soft photons necessary for inverse Compton scattering predominantly originate from the dusty torus in the first four sources, whereas for PKS 1441+25, they seem to be sourced mainly from the broad-line region. Further analysis of the opacity (τ

γ
γ
) and the GeV spectra study supports the conclusion that the location of the dissipation region must be beyond the BLR to avoid significant absorption. Notably, for PKS 1441+25, the emission region is also posited to lie outside yet proximate to the BLR. The parameters of describing the emission region were obtained by fitting broadband spectral energy distribution with contemporaneous observation data. Our findings suggest that for the five TeV FSRQs, during TeV flaring events, the jet appears to maintain an equilibrium between the energy density of the magnetic field and that of the particles for all investigated sources, with the exceptions of 4C +21.35 and PKS 1441+25. In terms of the overall jet power, particle energy is the dominant contributor, and the observed blazar radiation cannot be solely attributed to the magnetic field, except in the case of 4C +21.35. Consequently, magnetic reconnection is unlikely to be the primary mechanism behind particle acceleration in these systems.
Simulations of beta-induced Alfvén eigenmode mitigation by off-axis energetic particle distribution
Authors: Duan Sizhe , Zhu Xiang , Cai Huishan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The effect of different off-axis energetic particle (EP) slowing down distribution on beta-induced Alfvén eigenmode (BAE), driven by the on-axis EP distribution, is systematically studied using kinetic-magnetohydrodynamic code M3D-K. The aim is to analyze the optimal parameter region for controlling AEs via varying EP distribution parameters. The simulation results reveal that by modifying the gradients of the EP distribution, the off-axis EP can further destabilize or mitigate the on-axis EP driven BAE, depending on the off-axis EP distribution’s parameters: deposition profile, EP beta, pitch angle, injection velocity and direction. When the off-axis EP is deposited outside the mode center, and its injection velocity is sufficiently large to satisfy the resonance with BAE, the stabilization of BAE is achieved. This stabilizing effect is directly proportional to the off-axis EP beta, while excessive off-axis EP beta can trigger a new EP-driven instability located outside the BAE. Furthermore, to achieve a stronger stabilizing effect, the pitch angle distribution and velocity direction of the off-axis EP should be close to those of the on-axis EP. For instance, compared to the off-axis counter-passing EP, the off-axis co-passing EP can lead to a more effective mitigation of the BAE driven by the on-axis co-passing EP.
Multi-response optimisation of wire-arc additive manufacturing process parameters for AISI 4130 steel during remanufacturing process
Authors: Kachomba Talent , Mutua James , Obiko Japheth , Ngoret Joshua 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has emerged as a critical tool for remanufacturing industrial components. A limited understanding of this technique for quality product manufacturing has hindered its utilisation for industrial applications. This study reports on the optimisation of WAAM process parameters for AISI 4130 steel towards remanufacturing of high-quality products for industrial applications. AISI 4130 steel was selected for this study due to its high strength-to-weight ratio, excellent weldability, and suitability for the WAAM process. Taguchi’s Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) used four factors and three levels in the multiple response optimisation process. The study considered process parameters voltage, current, travel speed and gas flow in the gas metal arc welding (GMAW)-based WAAM technique. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) results show that voltage, travel speed and gas flow significantly affect material deposition. Voltage had the highest significance (31.61%) compared to other parameters. The optimised process parameters were found to be: voltage –23 V, current –100 A, travel speed −350 mm min−1, and gas flow −10 L min−1. These parameters resulted in tensile residual stresses of 25 ± 74 MPa, microhardness of 171.4 ± 12.2 HV0.3, and a relative density of 98.21%. The microstructural analysis reveals the existence of predominant ferritic and pearlitic colonies. This is due to compounded thermal stresses during the deposition process and alloy composition resulting in tailored microstructure and mechanical properties. The study provides some insights into the WAAM remanufacturing process for producing highly quality industrial components.
Effect of sintering temperature on microstructure and electrical properties of Na0.5Bi0.47Sr0.02TiO3-δ
ceramics
Authors: Ma Yuxin , Wei Yunhe , Kong Minghui , Li Run , Yan Duanting , Wang Dejun , Liu Runru 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this investigation, a series of Na0.5Bi0.47Sr0.02TiO3-δ
samples, sintered from 1000 to 1100 °C, were synthesized utilizing the solid-state method. The XRD results indicate that all samples exhibit a perovskite phase, with the exception of those sintered at 1100 °C, which display no discernible impurity peaks. The SEM results indicate that the average grain size exhibits an increase proportionate to the sintering temperature, which attributes to the variations in the actual Na/Bi ratio. From the study of grain conductivity we can obtain that the dominant factor affecting grain conductivity is the activation energy. At 1100 °C, the oxygen vacancy concentration emerges as the primary determinant of grain conductivity. It should be noticed that the phase transition temperature of the sample increases (350 °C→400 °C) with the increase of sintering temperature, which is due to the local A-site disorder aggravated by high temperature sintering. Therefore, reducing the sintering temperature is beneficial to improve the grain conductivity. The grain boundary conductivity initially rises, then diminishes with increasing sintering temperature. It is evident that the enhanced macroscopic grain boundary conductivity stems from a marked reduction in space charge potential within the 1000–1025 °C temperature range. Within the 1050 °C−1100 °C temperature range, the space charge potential barely changed, the significant decrease of intrinsic grain boundary conductivity can be attributed to the surge in the coverage ratio of grain boundary impurities and the number of grain boundary impurities increased caused by the rapid reduction of grain boundary area and thermal evaporation. The research on electrical performance of NBT-based oxygen-ion conductors will promote the application of NBT-based oxygen ion conductors in solid oxide fuel cells, oxygen sensors and other fields.
Steady but model dependent Arctic amplification of the forced temperature response in 21st century CMIP6 projections
Authors: Hay Stephanie , Screen James A , Catto Jennifer L 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We examine sources of uncertainty in projections of Arctic amplification (AA) using the CMIP6 multi-model (MM) ensemble and single model initial-condition large ensembles of historical and future scenario simulations. In the CMIP6 MM mean, the annual mean AA ratio is steady at approximately 2.5, both in time and across scenarios, resulting in negligibly small scenario uncertainty in the magnitude of AA. Deviations from the steady value can be found at the low and high emission scenarios due to different root causes, with the latter being mostly evident in the summer and autumn seasons. Best estimates of model uncertainty are at least an order of magnitude larger than scenario uncertainty in CMIP6. The large ensembles reveal that irreducible internal variability has a similar magnitude to model uncertainty for most of the 21st century, except in the lowest emission scenario at the end of the 21st century when it could be twice as large.
The Code Word Conundrum in the Northern Ireland Conflict
Authors: Hamill Heather 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
During its most intense phase from the 1970s to the 1990s, the Northern Ireland conflict witnessed a wide range of mimicry tactics by both Republican and Loyalist armed groups. This chapter surveys the most prominent patterns of mimicry use in the conflict, with a particular focus on code words as an identity signal. Paramilitaries on both sides used mimicry for camouflage (blending in with the civilian population to avoid detection), for defence (notably in the context of prison escapes), and for aggressive purposes (for example to carry out assassinations or collect intelligence). The widespread use of false-flag operations, especially by the Loyalist side, led to the development of complex dynamics surrounding the use of code words as group signatures, a peculiarity of the Northern Ireland conflict in the history of conflict mimicry.
The Red Brigade Signature
Authors: Pizzini-Gambetta Valeria , Gambetta Diego 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Italy in the late 1970s suffered one of Europe’s highest levels of terrorist activity as a variety of extremist groups from the far left and the far right resorted to violence with various aims. False flags and other types of fake claims were rampant, creating not only public confusion but also reputational threats to underground groups. This chapter looks in depth at the various challenges posed by mimics to a militant group’s communication strategies, the measures that groups adopted to protect themselves against these threats, and the ways their anti-mimicry strategies shaped their development. The chapter focuses on the most prominent left-wing violent organization known as Brigate Rosse (BR), looking at the techniques they employed for signing their violent acts and asking whether and how Brigate Rosse’s signature was designed to prevent mimicry, and to what extent this strategy was effective.
Political Liberalism and the Rise of American Romanticism
Authors: Reznick Scott M 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Vision of Principles explores how American literary Romanticism developed in response to pervasive conflicts over democracy’s moral dimensions in the early republic and antebellum eras. By recovering the long-under-examined tradition of political liberalism for literary studies, it traces how U.S. writers reacted to ongoing moral and political conflict by engaging with liberal thinkers and ideas as they endeavored to understand how individuals beholden to a divergent array of moral convictions might nevertheless share a stable and just political world—the very dilemma at the core of political liberalism. The Vision of Principles demonstrates how those philosophical engagements sparked Romanticism’s rise and eventual flourishing as U.S. writers increasingly embraced Romantic literary modes, emphasizing the imagination’s capacity for creative synthesis and the role it played in navigating the complexities of moral experience and in shoring up the habits of mind and feeling that are vital to a meaningful democratic culture. It offers revisionary readings of works by Charles Brockden Brown, Robert Montgomery Bird, James Fenimore Cooper, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Frederick Douglass, and Nathaniel Hawthorne to show how these Romantic writers were preoccupied with how individuals come to embrace their deepest convictions and what happens when they encounter others who see the world differently.
“Government and Manners”
Authors: Reznick Scott M 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe chapter situates the origins of American literary Romanticism in Charles Brockden Brown’s gothic fiction by tracing how Brown turned to the imagination’s capacity for creative synthesis in response to widespread conflict over the Constitution’s ratification. It traces the influence of two prominent liberal thinkers—Montesquieu and “Publius” (the combined persona of Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay)—on Brown’s novel Ormond (1799) to show how Brown, concerned about the dynamics of a federalist constitution, fused the cosmopolitan ethos of these liberal thinkers with his own literary Romantic practices to emphasize the imaginative—and vital—work that reconciling local and more general perspectives entails.
Born Free and Everywhere in Chains
Authors: Reznick Scott M 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis chapter forges a greater synthesis between Frederick Douglass’s literary and political endeavors by exploring the often-overlooked social contractarian dimensions of Douglass’s work, particularly his autobiographical writings and revisions. It places Douglass in conversation with Jean-Jacques Rousseau, another practitioner of Romantic autobiography and famous social contract theorist, to demonstrate not only how Douglass used social contract theory to critique the slave system, but how his understanding of the origins and purposes of government must be rooted in a robust understanding of the self. It therefore argues that a comprehensive understanding of Douglass’s political thought must also attend to the Romantic dimensions of his work, especially his concern with selfhood and imagination.
Walter Pater and Persons
Authors: Cheeke Stephen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Walter Pater and Persons examines the concept of the person in the writings of Walter Pater. Pater’s imagination dwelt upon the notion obsessively, often in conflicting or even contradictory ways, which have a major influence on late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century literature. This book explores the intersections of the person, persona, and personality in Pater’s work; re-examines arguments about the famously personal prose style; traces Pater’s ambivalent fascination with impersonality and asceticism; considers the poetics of personification in his writings about Greek myth and religion, the divine logos of early Christianity, and the theory of Platonic Universals; and explores the idea of metempsychosis (the many persons through whom the individual soul transmigrates). In a final section, it outlines Pater’s sense of the centrality of personality and temperament in philosophical interpretation by examining some of those who followed Pater in the next generation of writers, such as Wilde, Symons, and Yeats. Their own (mis)readings of and rebellions against his work, from Decadent, antinomian, and ‘mystical’ perspectives, reveal the ways in which Pater’s writing had always been in a critical relationship both to its own thinking and to his reception.
Against Pater
Authors: Cheeke Stephen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
My final chapter pursues the thread of antinomianism in the writings of Arthur Symons and W. B. Yeats and their rebellion against Pater’s aestheticism, which established the break with Pater that defined the transition from Decadence to Symbolism, as well as offering a paradigm for early modernism. The Symbolist project required the notion of a secular aestheticism associated with Pater, to which Decadence is the natural heir, in order to frame its own distinct vision of ‘mysticism’, and it did so in part by ignoring other aspects of Pater’s vision. I show how Pater anticipated the rebellion in advance in the chapters of Marius the Epicurean warning against an ‘enervating mysticism’ consequent on cultural Decadence. This illustrates one of the central threads of my final section about the inherent potential for philosophical positions to be interpreted erroneously, or in opposite ways, one of Pater’s own most significant insights about the ‘personal’ reception networks of reading.
Sensory perception of rivals has trait-dependent effects on plasticity in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Smithson Claire H , Duncan Elizabeth J , Sait Steven M , Bretman Amanda 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The social environment has myriad effects on individuals, altering reproduction, immune function, cognition, and aging. Phenotypic plasticity enables animals to respond to heterogeneous environments such as the social environment but requires that they assess those environments accurately. It has been suggested that combinations of sensory cues allow animals to respond rapidly and accurately to changeable environments, but it is unclear whether the same sensory inputs are required in all traits that respond to a particular environmental cue. Drosophila melanogaster males, in the presence of rival males, exhibit a consistent behavioral response by extending mating duration. However, exposure to a rival also results in a reduction in their lifespan, a phenomenon interpreted as a trade-off associated with sperm competition strategies. D. melanogaster perceive their rivals by using multiple sensory cues; interfering with at least two olfactory, auditory, or tactile cues eliminates the extension of mating duration. Here, we assessed whether these same cues were implicated in the lifespan reduction. Removal of combinations of auditory and olfactory cues removed the extended mating duration response to a rival, as previously found. However, we found that these manipulations did not alter the reduction in lifespan of males exposed to rivals or induce any changes in activity patterns, grooming, or male–male aggression. Therefore, our analysis suggests that lifespan reduction is not a cost associated with the behavioral responses to sperm competition. Moreover, this highlights the trait-specific nature of the mechanisms underlying plasticity in response to the same environmental conditions.
Encoding luminance surfaces in the visual cortex of mice and monkeys: difference in responses to edge and center
Authors: Nivinsky Margalit Shany , Slovin Hamutal 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Luminance and spatial contrast provide information on the surfaces and edges of objects. We investigated neural responses to black and white surfaces in the primary visual cortex (V1) of mice and monkeys. Unlike primates that use their fovea to inspect objects with high acuity, mice lack a fovea and have low visual acuity. It thus remains unclear whether monkeys and mice share similar neural mechanisms to process surfaces. The animals were presented with white or black surfaces and the population responses were measured at high spatial and temporal resolution using voltage-sensitive dye imaging. In mice, the population response to the surface was not edge-dominated with a tendency to center-dominance, whereas in monkeys the response was edge-dominated with a “hole” in the center of the surface. The population response to the surfaces in both species exhibited suppression relative to a grating stimulus. These results reveal the differences in spatial patterns to luminance surfaces in the V1 of mice and monkeys and provide evidence for a shared suppression process relative to grating.
Synthesis and property of 2,2-difluoro-1,4-diazaborole
Authors: Nakahara Masataka , Wada Yuki , Kawano Masaki , Hanaya Kengo , Sugai Takeshi , Higashibayashi Shuhei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The synthesis of 2,2-difluoro-1,4-diazaboroles was achieved through the condensation of aliphatic acyltrifluoroborates and amino-N-heteroarenes under acidic conditions. Various N-heteroarenes, including pyridine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, thiazole, and isoquinoline, were successfully employed in the reaction. Among the synthesized 2,2-difluoro-1,4-diazaboroles, the one with an isoquinoline structure exhibited the most intense light blue emission.
A giant left atrial myxoma transits across patent foramen ovale a PFO mimicking biatrial myxoma: a case report
Authors: Jing Guo , Ligang Liu , Wei Zhou , Yani Liu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Multiple myxomas are rare and often associated with Carney syndrome. We present a giant left atrial myxoma that passes through a patent foramen ovale (PFO), mimicking biatrial myxoma.

Case summary
A 46-year-old female was admitted to the hospital with a cardiac neoplasm without symptoms. The physical examination did not reveal any abnormalities in the skin and endocrine system. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a large, hypoechoic mass attached to the atrial septum, occupying both the left and right atria. This mass appeared as a bilateral atrial mass on echocardiography. Contrast-enhanced echocardiography revealed a slight enhancement in the mass. The patient was scheduled for surgery without any contraindications. During the operation, a large jelly-like mass originating from the left atrial side of the fossa ovale was found, extending to the right atrium through a PFO. The entire mass was successfully removed, and the atrial septum was repaired. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of cardiac myxoma. At the 3-month follow-up, no cardiac abnormalities were observed.

Discussion
Multiple myxomas have been reported in certain cases of Carney syndrome. A single left atrial myxoma that passes through an atrial septal defect or a PFO can sometimes be misdiagnosed as a bilateral atrial myxoma. Echocardiography plays a crucial role in providing diagnostic information by accurately identifying the location of the myxoma pedicle.
Self-care trajectories of patients with coronary heart disease: a longitudinal, observational study
Authors: Ingadóttir Brynja , Svavarsdóttir Margrét Hrönn , Jurgens Corrine Y , Lee Christopher S 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aims
To determine if distinct trajectories of coronary heart disease (CHD) self-care behaviours could be identified, linked to differences in quality of life (QoL), and predicted based on baseline characteristics.

Methods and results
A secondary analysis of a prospective, longitudinal, observational study. Patients with CHD answered questionnaires at study enrolment and six months later: Self-Care of Coronary Heart Disease Inventory (three subscales: maintenance, management, and confidence, scored 0–100, higher score = better self-care), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, 12-Item Short Form Survey, 16-Item European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire, and CHD Education Questionnaire. Latent growth mixture modelling was used to identify distinct self-care trajectories over time. On average, patients (n = 430, mean age 64.3 ± 8.9, 79% male) reported inadequate self-care (maintenance 61.6 ± 15.4, management 53.5 ± 18.5) at enrolment. Two distinct trajectories of self-care behaviours were identified: first, an ‘inadequate-and-worsening’ (IN-WORSE) trajectory (57.2%), characterized by inadequate self-care, improvement in maintenance (4.0 ± 14.5-point improvement, P &lt; 0.001), and worsening of management over time (6.3 ± 24.4-point worsening, P = 0.005). Second, an ‘inadequate-but-maintaining’ (IN-MAIN) trajectory (42.8%), characterized by inadequate self-care, improvement in maintenance (5.0 ± 16.2-point improvement, P &lt; 0.001), and stability in management over time (0.8 ± 21.9-point worsening, P = 0.713). In comparison, patients in the IN-WORSE trajectory had less favourable characteristics (including lower health literacy, knowledge, confidence) and significantly lower QoL. Not attending rehabilitation (OR 2.175; CI 1.020–4.637, P = 0.044) and older age (OR 0.959; CI 0.924–0.994, P = 0.024) predicted (IN-WORSE) trajectory inclusion.

Conclusion
Two self-care trajectories were identified, both suboptimal. Rehabilitation predicted membership in the more favourable trajectory and some positive characteristics were identified among patients in that group. Therefore, interventions supporting these factors may benefit patients’ self-care and QoL.