bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bayesian nonparametric hierarchical modeling
Authors: Dunson David B. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn biomedical research, hierarchical models are very widely used to accommodate dependence in multivariate and longitudinal data and for borrowing of information across data from different sources. A primary concern in hierarchical modeling is sensitivity to parametric assumptions, such as linearity and normality of the random effects. Parametric assumptions on latent variable distributions can be challenging to check and are typically unwarranted, given available prior knowledge. This article reviews some recent developments in Bayesian nonparametric methods motivated by complex, multivariate and functional data collected in biomedical studies. The author provides a brief review of flexible parametric approaches relying on finite mixtures and latent class modeling. Dirichlet process mixture models are motivated by the need to generalize these approaches to avoid assuming a fixed finite number of classes. Focusing on an epidemiology application, the author illustrates the practical utility and potential of nonparametric Bayes methods.
Some contributions to the analysis of multivariate data
Authors: Bathke Arne C. , Harrar Solomon W. , Rauf Ahmad M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we provide an overview of recently developed methods for the analysis of multivariate data that do not necessarily emanate from a normal universe. Multivariate data occur naturally in the life sciences and in other research fields. When drawing inference, it is generally recommended to take the multivariate nature of the data into account, and not merely analyze each variable separately. Furthermore, it is often of major interest to select an appropriate set of important variables. We present contributions in three different, but closely related, research areas: first, a general approach to the comparison of mean vectors, which allows for profile analysis and tests of dimensionality; second, non‐parametric and parametric methods for the comparison of independent samples of multivariate observations; and third, methods for the situation where the experimental units are observed repeatedly, for example, over time, and the main focus is on analyzing different time profiles when the number p of repeated observations per subject is larger than the number n of subjects.
Simvastatin impairs smad-3 phosphorylation and modulates transforming growth factor β1-mediated activation of intestinal fibroblasts
Authors: Burke J P , Watson R W G , Murphy M , Docherty N G , Coffey J C , O'Connell P R 
Published: April 2009

Abstract

Background
Transforming growth factor (TGF) β1, acting through the smad pathway, is critical to fibroblast-mediated intestinal fibrosis. Simvastatin exhibits antifibrotic properties. This study assessed the effects of simvastatin on TGF-β1-mediated intestinal fibroblast activation.

Methods
Human intestinal fibroblasts were activated with TGF-β1 with or without simvastatin or the cholesterol pathway intermediates farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP). Collagen-Iα2 expression was assessed by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and smad phosphorylation were evaluated by western blot, and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) 1 activity by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Fibroblast filamentous (F)-actin accumulation was assessed by confocal microscopy and contraction by a fibroblast-populated collagen lattice (FPCL) model.

Results
TGF-β1 treatment of fibroblasts induced smad-2/3 phosphorylation, CTGF and collagen-Iα2 production, F-actin bundling, FPCL contraction and PAI-1 activation. Pretreatment with simvastatin inhibited the induction of CTGF and collagen-Iα2, PAI-1 activation, F-actin bundling and FPCL contraction. The inhibitory effect of simvastatin on PAI-1 activation was reversed by GGPP and FPP. Simvastatin pretreatment inhibited TGF-β1-mediated phosphorylation of smad-3.

Conclusion
Simvastatin abrogates TGF-β1-mediated intestinal fibroblast activation by inhibition of smad-3 phosphorylation. These findings offer a mechanism for the antifibrotic effects of simvastatin and a therapeutic entry point in the treatment of intestinal fibrosis.
Effect of individual fat areas on early surgical outcomes after open gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Authors: Tokunaga M , Hiki N , Fukunaga T , Ogura T , Miyata S , Yamaguchi T 
Published: April 2009

Abstract

Background
Obesity is generally considered a risk factor for postoperative morbidity following open gastrectomy. Body mass index (BMI) is widely accepted as an indicator of obesity, but does not necessarily reflect the distribution of fat. It is unclear how different types of fat may affect the operative procedure and outcome.

Methods
The relationship between fat area (total, visceral and subcutaneous fat, and BMI) and early surgical outcomes (bleeding, operating time, morbidity, hospital death and hospital stay) was investigated in 135 patients who had a curative gastrectomy at the Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, in 2006.

Results
Postoperative intra-abdominal infection, which occurred in 13 patients (9·6 per cent), correlated strongly with visceral (P = 0·023) and total (P = 0·037) fat area. Visceral fat area also correlated with hospital death (P = 0·041) and a longer hospital stay (P = 0·001). Subcutaneous fat area and BMI did not correlate with these early surgical outcomes.

Conclusion
Patients with a high visceral fat area are more likely to develop an intra-abdominal infection after gastrectomy. Assessment of fat area, in particular visceral fat area, should alert surgeons to increased postoperative risks.
Development and validation of an HPLC method to quantify 3,4‐dideoxyglucosone‐3‐ene in peritoneal dialysis fluids
Authors: Frischmann Matthias , Spitzer Johanna , Fünfrocken Michael , Mittelmaier Stefan , Deckert Melanie , Fichert Thomas , Pischetsrieder Monika 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA method was developed and validated to quantify 3,4‐dideoxyglucosone‐3‐ene in peritoneal dialysis fluids by high‐performance liquid chromatography with UV detection after derivatization with o‐phenylenediamine. The advantages of this method compared with direct HPLC analysis are (i) the possibility of quantifying 3,4‐dideoxyglucosone‐3‐ene simultaneously together with other glucose degradation products, (ii) the compatibility of the method with MS detection for unequivocal identification of the analyte and (iii) a bathochromic shift of the UV absorbance maximum which leads to higher selectivity. The validated method was used to measure 3,4‐dideoxyglucosone‐3‐ene concentrations additionally to the glucose degradation products 3‐deoxyglucosone, methylglyoxal, glyoxal, 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural, 2‐furaldehyde, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in 19 commercial products for peritoneal dialysis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A validated HPLC‐fluorescence method with a semi‐micro column for routine determination of homocysteine, cysteine and cysteamine, and the relation between the thiol derivatives in normal human plasma
Authors: Ichinose Saori , Nakamura Mayumi , Maeda Mayu , Ikeda Rie , Wada Mitsuhiro , Nakazato Mio , Ohba Yoshihito , Takamura Noboru , Maeda Takahiro , Aoyagi Kiyoshi , Nakashima Kenichiro 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA semi‐micro column HPLC‐fluorescence method for routine determination of thiol derivatives such as homocysteine (Hcy), cysteine (Cys) and cysteamine (CA) is described. The thiol derivatives labeled with ammonium‐7‐fluorobenzo‐2‐oxa‐1,3‐diazole‐4‐sulfonate (SBD‐F) were isocratically separated within 12 min on a semi‐micro ODS column (Daisopak‐SP‐120‐5‐ODS‐BP) with a mixture of 25 mm acetate buffer (pH 2.00) and CH3CN as a mobile phase. The purity and similarity of SBD‐thiols by a multi‐wavelength fluorescence detector were more than 92.3 and 96.7%. The detection limits of Hcy, Cys and CA at a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3 were 0.16, 0.47 and 0.03 µm, respectively. Furthermore validation parameters such as accuracy, precision and robustness of the proposed method showed satisfactory results. Almost 850 plasma sample injections (range 572–1076, n = 3) for a column could be performed without differences in retention time and peak heights of labels. As an application of the proposed method, the determination of thiol derivatives in normal human plasma (n = 103) was demonstrated. The correlation coefficients between Hcy vs Cys and Hcy vs CA were 0.38 and −0.35, respectively. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validation of a high‐performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of (−)‐α‐bisabolol from particulate systems
Authors: Pedro André São , Detoni Cássia , Ferreira Domingos , Cabral‐Albuquerque Elaine , Sarmento Bruno 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA reversed‐phase high performance liquid chromatography method has been developed and validated for determination and quantitation of the natural sesquiterpene (−)‐α‐bisabolol. Furthermore the application of the method was done by characterization of chitosan milispheres and liposomes entrapping Zanthoxylum tingoassuiba essential oil, which contains appreciable amount of (−)‐α‐bisabolol. A reversed‐phase C18 column and gradient elution was used with the mobile phase composed of (A) acetonitrile–water–phosphoric acid (19:80:1) and (B) acetonitrile. The eluent was pumped at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min with UV detection at 200 nm. In the range 0.02–0.64 mg/mL the assay showed good linearity (R2 = 0.9999) and specificity for successful identification and quantitation of (−)‐α‐bisabolol in the essential oil without interfering peaks. The method also showed good reproducibility, demonstrating inter‐day and intra‐day precision based on relative standard deviation values (up to 3.03%), accuracy (mean recovery of 100.69% ± 1.05%) and low values of detection and quantitation limits (0.0005 and 0.0016 mg/mL, respectively). The method was also robust for showing a recovery of 98.81% under a change of solvent in standard solutions. The suitability of the method was demonstrated by the successful determination of association efficiency of the (−)‐α‐bisabolol in chitosan milispheres and liposomes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of the catalpol‐related iridoid glucosides, verproside, isovanilloylcatalpol, catalposide and 6‐O‐veratroyl catalpol in rat plasma
Authors: Park Eun Jeong , Oh Sei‐Ryang , Lee Hyeong‐Kyu , Lee Hye Suk 
Published: April 2009

AbstractVerproside, isovanilloylcatalpol, catalposide and 6‐O‐veratroyl catalpol are bioactive iridoid glucosides isolated from in a number of folk medicinal plants. A rapid, sensitive and selective liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric (LC/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of verproside, isovanilloylcatalpol, catalposide and 6‐O‐veratroyl catalpol in rat plasma was developed. The analytes were extracted from 50 µL of rat plasma with ethyl acetate using 7‐carboxymethyloxy‐3',4',5‐trimethoxyflavone as internal standard and analyzed on an X‐Bridge C18 column within 6.5 min with 40% methanol in 10 mm ammonium formate (pH 3.0). The analytes were quantified using an electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in the selected ion monitoring mode. The standard curves were linear over the concentration ranges of 10–2000 ng/mL for verproside, isovanilloylcatalpol and catalposide and 20–2000 ng/mL for 6‐O‐veratroyl catalpol. The coefficients of variation and relative errors of verproside, isovanilloylcatalpol, catalposide and 6‐O‐veratroyl catalpol for intra‐ and inter‐assay at four quality control levels were 2.5–8.0 and–4.0–6.6%, respectively. This method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of verproside and its possible metabolite isovanilloylcatalpol after intravenous administration of verproside, a candidate anti‐asthma drug, in male Sprague–Dawley rats. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of zearalenone by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Shin Beom Soo , Hong Seok Hyun , Hwang Sang Wook , Kim Hyoung Jun , Lee Jong Bong , Yoon Hae‐Seong , Kim Do Jung , Yoo Sun Dong 
Published: April 2009

AbstractZearalenone, a mycotoxin biosynthesized by various Fusarium fungi, is widely found as a contaminant in grains and animal feeds. This study describes a rapid and sensitive LC/MS/MS assay method for the quantification of zearalenone in rat serum. The assay was validated to demonstrate the specificity, linearity, recovery, lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), accuracy and precision. The multiple reaction monitoring was based on the transition of m/z 317.0 → 130.9 for zearalenone and 319.0 → 204.8 for zearalanone (internal standard). The assay utilized a single liquid–liquid extraction with t‐butyl methyl ether and isocratic elution, and the LLOQ was 0.5 ng/mL using 0.1 mL rat serum. The assay was linear over a concentration range from 0.5 to 200 ng/mL, with correlation coefficients >0.9996. The mean intra‐ and inter‐day assay accuracy was 101.2–112.9 and 96.3–108.0%, respectively. The mean intra‐ and inter‐day precision was between 1.3–7.6 and 3.6–10.6%, respectively. The developed assay was applied to a pharmacokinetic study after a bolus intravenous injection of zearalenone in rats. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Homogeneous Catalysts with a Mechanical (“Machine‐like”) Action
Authors: Swiegers Gerhard F. , Huang Junhua , Brimblecombe Robin , Chen Jun , Dismukes G. Charles , Mueller‐Westerhoff Ulrich T. , Spiccia Leone , Wallace Gordon G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMolecular machines? The factors involved in and the fundamental nature of a “mechanical” action within molecular catalysis is explored in detail. Such mechanical homogeneous catalysts are rare but not unknown (see graphic). The spatial and temporal nature of their catalytic action is considered. Potential implications for mimicry of enzymes are discussed.magnified imageChemical reactions may be controlled by either: 1) the minimum threshold energy that must be overcome during collisions between reactant molecules/atoms (the activation energy, Ea), or: 2) the rate at which reactant collisions occur (the collision frequency, A)—for reactions with low Ea. Reactions of type 2 are governed by the physical, mechanical interaction of the reactants. Such mechanical processes are unusual, but not unknown in molecular catalysts. In this work we examine the machine‐like nature of the action in various abiological mechanical catalysts and consider the implications for mimicry of biological catalysts.
Die Welt wird flacher. Beitrag der Chemie zum flachen Fernseher
Authors: Römer Michael , Becker Werner 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSchneller, schärfer, größer – und immer weiter verbreitet – so lässt sich die Erfolgsgeschichte der LC‐Displays beschreiben. Das Geheimnis dahinter: High‐Tech‐Flüssigkristalle mit ganz besonderen Eigenschaften, die die leichten, energiesparenden LCDs erst ermöglichen. Moderne Kommunikation ist durch sie erst mobil und sichtbar geworden. Seit Jahren ist Merck weltweit Technologie‐ und Marktführer auf dem Gebiet der Flüssigkristalle, deren Mischungen und Anwendungen.
Theoretical considerations on small color differences ascribed to the standard observer made on the basis of individual color‐matching functions
Authors: Carreño Fernando , Ezquerro José Miguel , Zoido Jesús M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAn analytical method to determine how color‐matching functions influence the perception of chromaticity differences is proposed. We show that, as a consequence of the observer metamerism, a metameric color‐match perceived by one observer may appear to be a significant mismatch to a different observer. It is also shown that, on average, the differences between the color‐matchings made by two different observers can be estimated to be in the order of 2 CIELAB units. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 34, 194–200, 2009
Effect of Halide and Acid Additives on the Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide using Supported Gold–Palladium Catalysts
Authors: Ntainjua N. Edwin , Piccinini Marco , Pritchard James C. , Edwards Jennifer K. , Carley Albert F. , Moulijn Jacob A. , Hutchings Graham J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAcidity is crucial: The effect of halide and acid addition on the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide is studied for magnesium oxide‐ and carbon‐supported bimetallic gold–palladium catalysts. When using a Au–Pd/C catalyst, the acidity of the methanol/water solvent has a profound effect on the productivity (P).magnified imageThe effect of halide and acid addition on the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide is studied for magnesium oxide‐ and carbon‐supported bimetallic gold–palladium catalysts. The addition of acids decreases the hydrogenation/decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, and the effect is particularly pronounced for the magnesium oxide‐supported catalysts whilst for carbon‐supported catalysts the pH requires close control to optimize hydrogen peroxide synthesis. The addition of bromide leads to a marked decrease in the hydrogenation/decomposition of hydrogen peroxide with either catalyst. These effects are discussed in terms of the structure of the gold–palladium alloy nanoparticles and the isoelectric point of the support. We conclude that with the highly active carbon‐supported gold–palladium catalysts these additives are not required and that therefore this system presents the potential for the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide to be operated using green process technology.
Dust Charging in Space‐related Laboratory Experiments: A Review Focused on Secondary Emission
Authors: Pavlů J. , Šafránková J. , Němeček Z. , Richterová I. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA role of dust in the space environment is of increasing interest in the recent years. Also the fast development of fusion devices with magnetic confinement brought new issues in the plasma‐surface interaction. While there is a number of dusty plasma reviews, the present paper surveys experimental results connected with charging of dust grains under well‐defined laboratory conditions for both space and industrial applications. The main purpose of these experiments is to study particular charging/discharging processes preferably on spacerelated (i.e., all sorts of glass and other oxides) as well as on elemental materials (carbon, nickel, gold). Single micrometer‐sized spherical grains or grain's clusters stored in vacuum are exposed to electron and ion beams. Among several charging processes, the secondary emission is discussed in broad details because this process plays a prominent role everywhen a portion of energetic electrons is present in the medium surrounding a particular grain (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dual transgene strategy for live visualization of chromatin and plasma membrane dynamics in murine embryonic stem cells and embryonic tissues
Authors: Nowotschin Sonja , Eakin Guy S. , Hadjantonakis Anna‐Katerina 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTo simultaneously follow multiple subcellular characteristics, for example, cell position and cell morphology, in living specimens requires multiple subcellular labels. Toward this goal, we generated dual‐tagged mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells constitutively expressing differentially localized, spectrally distinct, genetically encoded fluorescent protein fusions. We have used human histone H2B fusions to fluorescent proteins to mark chromatin. This provides a descriptor of cell position, division, and death. An additional descriptor of cell morphology is achieved by combining this transgene with select lipid‐modified fluorescent protein fusions that mark the plasma membrane. Using this strategy, wewere able to live image cellular dynamics in three dimensions over time both in cultured ES cells and in mouse embryos generated using dual‐tagged ES cells. This study, therefore, presents the feasibility of applying multiple spectrally and subcellularly distinct fluorescent protein reporters for live imaging studies in ES cells and mouse embryos. Furthermore, the increasing availability of spectral variant fluorescent proteins along with the development of methods that permit improved spectral separation now facilitate multiplexing of fluorescent reporters to provide readouts of a variety of anatomical and physiological behaviors simultaneously in living specimens. genesis 47:330–336, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Generation of red fluorescent protein transgenic dogs
Authors: Hong So Gun , Kim Min Kyu , Jang Goo , Oh Hyun Ju , Park Jung Eun , Kang Jung Taek , Koo Ok Jae , Kim Teoan , Kwon Mo Sun , Koo Bon Chul , Ra Jeong Chan , Kim Dae Yong , Ko CheMyong , Lee Byeong Chun 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDogs (Canis familiaris) share many common genetic diseases with humans and development of disease models using a transgenic approach has long been awaited. However, due to the technical difficulty in obtaining fertilizable eggs and the unavailability of embryonic stem cells, no transgenic dog has been generated. Canine fetal fibroblasts were stably transfected with a red fluorescent protein (RFP) gene‐expressing construct using retrovirus gene delivery method. Somatic cell nuclear transfer was then employed to replace the nucleus of an oocyte with the nucleus of the RFP‐fibroblasts. Using this approach, we produced the first generation of transgenic dogs with four female and two male expressing RFP. genesis 47:314–322, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Attention‐deficit hyperactivity symptoms and disorder in eating disorder inpatients
Authors: Yates William R. , Lund Brian C. , Johnson Craig , Mitchell Jeff , McKee Patrick 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjective:The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and a DSM‐IV ADHD diagnosis in women admitted for treatment of an eating disorder.Method:One hundred eighty‐nine inpatient women with an eating disorder were interviewed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV Axis I Disorders (SCID‐I) and ADHD interview from the Multi‐international Psychiatric Interview (MINI).Results:Twenty‐one percent of the sample reported at least six current ADHD symptoms, but the estimated prevalence rate for a diagnosis of ADHD in this population was only 5.8% (95% CI: 2.6%–9.5%). Most current ADHD inattentive symptoms appeared after childhood suggesting late‐onset non‐ADHD origins. Current inattention symptoms in those without a diagnosis of ADHD correlated with higher BMI (p < .0001), symptoms of bulimia nervosa and current level of depression symptoms (p = .025).Discussion:Although current ADHD symptoms were commonly endorsed in this population, clinicians should carefully examine for childhood symptom‐onset of ADHD. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2009
Single‐Crystal Structure Determination and Solid‐State NMR Investigations of Lithium Nitridosilicate Li2SiN2 Synthesized by a Precursor Approach Employing Amorphous “Si(CN2)2” (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 12/2009)
Authors: Pagano Sandro , Zeuner Martin , Hug Stephan , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe cover picture shows the [SiN2]2– framework of the lithium ion conductor Li2SiN2. The hitherto unknown crystal structure reveals possible Li+ pathways (red channels) for lithium ion conductivity. Li2SiN2 was synthesized from “Si(CN2)2”, highlighted as a promising precursor for nitridosilicates in arc‐welded (top left) tantalum crucibles. The structure was solved from single crystals, and the 7Li MAS solid‐state NMR spectrum (bottom right) is presented. Details are discussed in the article by W. Schnick et al. on p. 1579 ff.