bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Unverifiable Disclosures Matter? Evidence from Peer-to-Peer Lending
Authors: Michels Jeremy 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT
The role of disclosure in attenuating market inefficiencies has been the subject of extensive research. While costless, voluntary, and unverifiable disclosures are unlikely to be credible sources of information, prior research demonstrates that individuals' decisions can be influenced by uninformative content. I use a unique dataset from a peer-to-peer lending website, Prosper.com, to demonstrate an economically large effect of voluntary, unverifiable disclosures in reducing the cost of debt. My results show an additional unverifiable disclosure is associated with a 1.27 percentage point reduction in interest rate and an 8 percent increase in bidding activity.
Data Availability: All data are publicly available from sources identified in the paper.
The effect of targeted agents on outcomes in patients with brain metastases from renal cell carcinoma treated with Gamma Knife surgery
Authors: Cochran D. Clay , Chan Michael D. , Aklilu Mebea , Lovato James F. , Alphonse Natalie K. , Bourland J. Daniel , Urbanic James J. , McMullen Kevin P. , Shaw Edward G. , Tatter Stephen B. , Ellis Thomas L. 
Published: March 2012

Object
Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) has been reported as an effective modality for treating brain metastases from renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The authors aimed to determine if targeted agents such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, and bevacizumab affect the patterns of failure of RCC after GKS.

Methods
Between 1999 and 2010, 61 patients with brain metastases from RCC were treated with GKS. A median dose of 20 Gy (range 13–24 Gy) was prescribed to the margin of each metastasis. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to determine local control, distant failure, and overall survival rates. Cox proportional hazard regression was performed to determine the association between disease-related factors and survival.

Results
Overall survival at 1, 2, and 3 years was 38%, 17%, and 9%, respectively. Freedom from local failure at 1, 2, and 3 years was 74%, 61%, and 40%, respectively. The distant failure rate at 1, 2, and 3 years was 51%, 79%, and 89%, respectively. Twenty-seven percent of patients died of neurological disease. The median survival for patients receiving targeted agents (n = 24) was 16.6 months compared with 7.2 months (n = 37) for those not receiving targeted therapy (p = 0.04). Freedom from local failure at 1 year was 93% versus 60% for patients receiving and those not receiving targeted agents, respectively (p = 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that the use of targeted agents (hazard ratio 3.02, p = 0.003) was the only factor that predicted for improved survival. Two patients experienced post-GKS hemorrhage within the treated volume.

Conclusions
Targeted agents appear to improve local control and overall survival in patients treated with GKS for metastastic RCC.
Asymptomatic spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: pathomechanical considerations
Authors: Sato Kenichi , TerBrugge Karel G. , Krings Timo 
Published: March 2012

Object
Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (SDAVFs) consist of a shunt with converging feeding vessels arising from radiculomeningeal arteries and draining retrogradely via a radicular vein into the perimedullary veins, thereby causing progressive myelopathy due to venous hypertension in the spinal cord. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that the obstruction of radicular venous outlets could be an additional factor inducing symptomatic venous hypertension due to a decreased outflow in SDAVFs.

Methods
The authors compared the clinical and imaging findings in patients with asymptomatic SDAVFs identified incidentally at the upper thoracic region with the findings in symptomatic patients who harbored SDAVFs at the same level.

Results
All symptomatic patients presented with medullary dysfunction. The mean age of patients with asymptomatic SDAVF was 51.5 years, approximately 10 years younger than the patients with symptomatic SDAVF (64.1 years old). Despite the existence of dilated perimedullary vessels in the dorsal side of the spinal cord in all patients, the spinal cord edema seen in symptomatic patients was not detected on the MR images obtained in patients with asymptomatic SDAVF. The spinal angiograms of the asymptomatic patients distinctively demonstrated early radicular venous outflow from affected perimedullary veins to the extradural venous plexus as a potential alternate route for the venous hypertension to be released.

Conclusions
Obstruction of the radicular venous outflow could be an important factor in inducing spinal congestive edema due to venous hypertension, as well as subsequent clinical symptoms of SDAVFs.
Nitrous oxide myelopathy posing as spinal cord injury
Authors: Ghobrial George M. , Dalyai Richard , Flanders Adam E. , Harrop James 
Published: March 2012

The authors describe a patient who presented with acute tetraparesis and a proposed acute traumatic spinal cord injury that was the result of nitrous oxide myelopathy. This 19-year-old man sustained a traumatic fall off a 6-ft high wall. His examination was consistent with a central cord syndrome with the addition of dorsal column impairment. Cervical MRI demonstrated an isolated dorsal column signal that was suggestive of a nontraumatic etiology. The patient's symptoms resolved entirely over the course of 48 hours.
Nitrous oxide abuse is increasing in prevalence. Its toxic side effects can mask vitamin B12 and folate deficiency and central cord syndrome. The patient's history and radiographic presentation are key to establishing a diagnosis.
Élever l'enfant entre tradition et modernité : une analyse du discours contrastive de guides parentaux français et allemands
Authors: von Münchow Patricia 
Published: March 2012

Dans cet article, on fait état d’une comparaison de guides parentaux – c’est-à-dire d’ouvrages s’adressant à des parents d’enfants en bas âge et qui traitent de questions de soin et d’éducation au sens large – en France et en Allemagne. Dans le cadre de l’analyse du discours contrastive, on s’efforce plus précisément de montrer, par la mise en évidence d’un certain nombre de procédés discursifs, quelles représentations construisent les auteurs des différents guides analysés concernant l’inscription de l’activité consistant à élever l’enfant dans une certaine tradition ou dans la modernité, souvent scientifique. L’opposition entre la tradition et la modernité se conjugue sur plusieurs plans, dans les guides parentaux. Il s’agit de se situer entre le présent et le passé et entre la culture à laquelle appartient l’ouvrage respectif et d’autres cultures, ce que les auteurs accomplissent par l’intermédiaire d’un positionnement spécifique dans le temps et dans l’espace. Les auteurs construisent également des rapports différents aux « vieilles choses », appartenant à un certain passé, de même qu’aux « vieux mots », c’est-à-dire aux formules figées et à ce trésor commun traditionnel que constitue la langue. Enfin, les guides font référence à de « vieux discours », discours stéréotypés tissant une sorte de toile dans laquelle la parentalité est prise, voire emprisonnée. En insistant sur ce qui oppose les différents ouvrages dans leur inscription sur les axes passé/présent et ici/ailleurs, de même que dans leur rapport aux « vieux mots » et aux « vieux discours », on met en évidence une conception française de la responsabilité pour l’enfant comme étant d’ordre « public » par opposition à une conception allemande d’ordre « privé ».
La nouvelle réalité des pôles : l'expérience de l'Ile-de-France
Authors: Gollain Vincent 
Published: March 2012

Résumé Cet article s’intéresse à l’impact pour la région Ile-de-France de la récente et novatrice politique du gouvernement français en faveur des pôles de compétitivité. Accueillie par un environnement porteur, cette politique a connu un franc succès dans la région, comme le témoignent la dynamique créée et le nombre de pôles labellisés. A travers une « vue intérieure » des premiers moments de la vie du pôle « Image, Multimédia et Vie Numérique » (IMVN), cet article mesure l’étendue des thématiques traitées par les pôles de compétitivité, la dynamique des membres fondateurs, les étapes franchies mais aussi celles qui restent à passer. Enfin, cet article se conclut sur les quatre défis à relever par la politique des pôles de compétitivité.
Contribution à l'analyse de la localisation et de la concentration spatiale des activités industrielles
Authors: Puech Florence 
Published: March 2012

Résumé Cet article présente la problématique générale de ma thèse « Concentration géographique des activités industrielles : Mesures et enjeux » 1 , ma démarche ainsi que les principaux résultats mis en évidence aux cours de mes travaux. Mes différentes études se regroupent autour de trois grands domaines : l’économie géographique, l’économie internationale et les statistiques spatiales. Dans toutes mes recherches, je me suis attachée à analyser plus précisément la distribution des activités productives en tentant, d’une part, de quantifier les niveaux de concentration spatiale des activités industrielles et, d’autre part, de comprendre les stratégies de localisation des établissements industriels aux niveaux intranational et international. Ainsi, les deux axes de recherche envisagés seront successivement exposés, car si l’explication de la localisation des activités économiques et de l’agglomération fait l’objet d’une grande attention, un autre aspect de la polarisation des activités a été nettement moins étudié : les méthodes de quantification des phénomènes de concentration géographique.
Rôle de l'intelligence économique dans la stratégie de l'entreprise
Authors: Saïd Antoine 
Published: March 2012

Résumé Cet article résume la thèse soutenue par l’auteur à l’Université Paris Dauphine en 2004. En partant d’une analyse détaillée du concept de la « Capacité d’absorption de l’information », il propose dans un premier temps une nouvelle lecture, et de l’intelligence économique et de la stratégie d’entreprise, afin de proposer un système stratégique capable d’aligner l’I.E. avec la stratégie d’entreprise.
Entreprises européennes de hautes technologies : de l'intelligence concurrentielle à l'intelligence coopétitive ?
Authors: Salvetat David 
Published: March 2012

Résumé Entre atouts indéniables et difficultés récurrentes, le concept d’intelligence économique s’est énormément développé. Environnement hypercompétitif, complexe et incertain, l’intelligence économique trouve son adéquation optimale dans sa quête de la compréhension des enjeux environnementaux. Epars et varié, l’exercice de l’intelligence économique constitue autant de pratiques intéressantes pour comprendre les relations existantes entre l’entreprise et ses milieux d’affaires. Traditionnellement axée sur la recherche de l’attaque concurrentielle, l’intelligence économique n’a-t-elle aussi pour objectif de trouver les points de coopération avec les concurrents ? Cette étude concerne les entreprises européennes de hautes technologies. Elle aborde les pratiques d’intelligence économique relatives aux comportements compétitifs et coopétitifs.
Allograft Arthrodesis of the Knee for Giant Cell Tumors
Authors: Lv Chaoliang , Tu Chongqi , Min Li , Duan Hong 
Published: March 2012

Giant cell tumors of bone are aggressive benign tumors. Wide resection is reserved for a small subset of patients with biologically more aggressive, recurrent, and extensive tumors. For patients with giant cell tumors who are young or middle-aged adults with normal life expectancies and high levels of activity, arthrodesis is an option for reconstruction after resection. We retrospectively studied 40 patients (mean age, 33.1 years) with Campanacci grade III giant cell tumors around the knee (12 distal femoral and 28 proximal tibial) that were treated with wide resection and allograft arthrodesis using compression plating between January 1998 and January 2008. At an average follow-up of 4.3 years (range, 2–10 years), no patient had local recurrence, malignant transformation, or pulmonary or distant metastases. The grafts united proximally and distally in 35 (87.5%) patients. Average limb-length shortening was 2 cm (range, 1.5–5 cm). No patient needed a lengthening procedure. Functional outcomes according to the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society measure were successful, with an average score of 26.3 points (range, 22–30 points).
Wide resection with allograft arthrodesis of the knee is a treatment option in young, active patients with Campanacci grade III giant cell tumors around the knee. Wide resection and reconstruction with knee allograft arthrodesis for giant cell tumors can achieve excellent control of disease, high fusion rates, acceptable functional results, and low complication rates.
Clinical and Functional Outcomes of Tibial Intercalary Allografts After Tumor Resection
Authors: Farfalli Germán L. , Aponte-Tinao Luis , Lopez-Millán Lucas , Ayerza Miguel A. , Muscolo D. Luis 
Published: March 2012

Reconstruction after intercalary resection of the tibia is demanding due to subcutaneous location, poor vascularity of the tibia, and high infection rate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the survivorship, complications, and functional outcome of intercalary tibial allograft reconstructions following tumor resections.
Intercalary tibia segmental allografts were implanted in 26 consecutive patients after segmental resections. Patients were followed for an average of 6 years. Allograft survival was determined with the Kaplan-Meier method. Patient function was evaluated with the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) scoring system. Survivorship was 84% (95% confidence interval [CI], 98%–70%) at 5 years and 79% (95% CI, 63%–95%) at 10 years. Allografts were removed in 5 patients due to 3 infections and 2 local recurrences. Two patients showed diaphyseal nonunion, and 3 patients underwent an incomplete fracture; no allografts were removed in these patients. Average MSTS functional score was 29 points (range, 27–30 points).
Despite the incidence of complications, this analysis showed an acceptable survivor-ship with excellent functional scores. The use of intercalary allograft has a place in the reconstruction of a segmental defect created by the resection of a tumor in the diaphyseal or metaphyseal portion of the tibia.
Use of the F-Tool for the Removal of a Bent Intramedullary Femoral Nail With a Sagittal Plane Deformity
Authors: Heffernan Michael J. , Leclair Walter , Li Xinning 
Published: March 2012

Locked intramedullary nailing is the current standard of treatment for femoral shaft fractures and has low complication rates. Bent femoral intramedullary nails resulting from secondary trauma are rare and technically challenging. This article describes a case of a 36-year-old man who presented with a bent femoral intramedullary nail following a motorcross accident. The patient had a previous femoral shaft fracture treated with an intramedullary nail. Previous reports outlined methods to remove bent femoral nails through the fracture site and proximally; however, this article describes a novel technique combining the use of a Midas Rex MR7 high-speed burr (Medtronic, Minneapolis, Minnesota) and the F-Tool (Synthes, West Chester, Pennsylvania) to facilitate nail extraction.
The patient was placed in the lateral decubitus position. After limited exposure at the fracture site, the intramedullary nail was weakened at the apex of the deformity with a Midas Rex MR7 high-speed burr. We then used the F-Tool to straighten the nail to facilitate removal through the original proximal insertion site. The F-Tool allows forces to be concentrated at the apex of the deformity and minimizes soft tissue damage. Additional advantages of our technique include limited exposure and the ability to remove the nail in 1 piece.
Soft Tissue Tumor Recurrence After Intramedullary Stabilization of Impending Pathologic Fractures
Authors: Pap Daniel P. , Mayerson Joel L. , Scharschmidt Thomas J. 
Published: March 2012

This article describes the cases of 3 patients who were treated for impending pathologic fractures with intramedullary stabilization who developed soft tissue tumor recurrence along the surgical tract site postoperatively, with confirmed histologic diagnoses consistent with each of their prior-known metastatic primaries. This sequela of treatment can lead to additional surgical procedures, longer recovery, and a delay in further systemic treatment, which negatively affects patient outcomes and survival. This can occur despite the use of adjuvant radiation therapy to the surgical site. Between June 2008 and July 2010, our institution surgically treated 71 pathologic (or impending) fractures, of which 52 were femoral nails and 19 were humeral nails. Three of these patients sustained soft tumor tissue recurrence along the surgical tract.
Due to the unfavorable long-term prognoses for patients with metastatic disease, these surgeries are palliative and not curative in nature. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to this sequala and heighten awareness for physicians who treat inpending or pathologic fractures. It is difficult to make strong recommendations based on a series of 3 patients, but some general principles can be used. We recommend copious intraoperative irrigation of the wound sites and consideration for routine surveillance with physical examination and prompt imaging and biopsy if any suspicion for local soft tissue recurrence arises. Our approach includes fine-needle aspiration of suspicious lesions followed by resection. The plastic surgery team is consulted pre- or intraoperatively if the resection defect cannot be closed primarily. The patient is also referred back to a medical oncologist for consideration of systemic chemotherapy because soft tissue tumor recurrence is a sign of progressive disease.
Increased Th17 and Regulatory T Cell Responses in EBV-Induced Gene 3-Deficient Mice Lead to Marginally Enhanced Development of Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Liu Jin-Qing , Liu Zhenzhen , Zhang Xuejun , Shi Yun , Talebian Fatemeh , Carl Joseph W. , Yu Chuan , Shi Fu-Dong , Whitacre Caroline C. , Trgovcich Joanne , Bai Xue-Feng 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
EBV-induced gene 3 (EBI3)-encoded protein can form heterodimers with IL-27P28 and IL-12P35 to form IL-27 and IL-35. IL-27 and IL-35 may influence autoimmunity by inhibiting Th17 differentiation and facilitating the inhibitory roles of Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells, respectively. In this study, we have evaluated the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in EBI3-deficient mice that lack both IL-27 and IL-35. We found that myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide immunization resulted in marginally enhanced EAE development in EBI3-deficient C57BL6 and 2D2 TCR-transgenic mice. EBI3 deficiency resulted in significantly increased Th17 and Th1 responses in the CNS and increased T cell production of IL-2 and IL-17 in the peripheral lymphoid organs. EBI3-deficient and -sufficient 2D2 T cells had equal ability in inducing EAE in Rag1−/− mice; however, more severe disease was induced in EBI3−/−Rag1−/− mice than in Rag1−/− mice by 2D2 T cells. EBI3-deficient mice had increased numbers of CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells in peripheral lymphoid organs. More strikingly, EBI3-deficient Treg cells had more potent suppressive functions in vitro and in vivo. Thus, our data support an inhibitory role for EBI3 in Th17, Th1, IL-2, and Treg responses. Although these observations are consistent with the known functions of IL-27, the IL-35 contribution to the suppressive functions of Treg cells is not evident in this model. Increased Treg responses in EBI3−/− mice may explain why the EAE development is only modestly enhanced compared with wild-type mice.
Cutting Edge: Nitrogen Bisphosphonate-Induced Inflammation Is Dependent upon Mast Cells and IL-1
Authors: Norton John T. , Hayashi Tomoko , Crain Brian , Cho John S. , Miller Lloyd S. , Corr Maripat , Carson Dennis A. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (NBPs) are taken by millions for bone disorders but may cause serious inflammatory reactions. In this study, we used a murine peritonitis model to characterize the inflammatory mechanisms of these agents. At dosages comparable to those used in humans, injection of NBPs into the peritoneum caused recruitment of neutrophils, followed by an influx of monocytes. These cellular changes corresponded to an initial increase in IL-1α, which preceded a rise in multiple other proinflammatory cytokines. IL-1R, IL-1α, and IL-1β were required for neutrophil recruitment, whereas other MyD88-dependent signaling pathways were needed for the monocyte influx. Mice deficient in mast cells, but not mice lacking lymphocytes, were resistant to NBP-induced inflammation, and reconstitution of these mice with mast cells restored sensitivity to NBPs. These results document the critical role of mast cells and IL-1 in NBP-mediated inflammatory reactions.
Neutrophilic Granulocytes Modulate Invariant NKT Cell Function in Mice and Humans
Authors: Wingender Gerhard , Hiss Marcus , Engel Isaac , Peukert Konrad , Ley Klaus , Haller Hermann , Kronenberg Mitchell , von Vietinghoff Sibylle 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are a conserved αβTCR+ T cell population that can swiftly produce large amounts of cytokines, thereby activating other leukocytes, including neutrophilic granulocytes (neutrophils). In this study, we investigated the reverse relationship, showing that high neutrophil concentrations suppress the iNKT cell response in mice and humans. Peripheral Vα14 iNKT cells from spontaneously neutrophilic mice produced reduced cytokines in response to the model iNKT cell Ag α-galactosyl ceramide and expressed lower amounts of the T-box transcription factor 21 and GATA3 transcription factor than did wild-type controls. This influence was extrinsic, as iNKT cell transcription factor expression in mixed chimeric mice depended on neutrophil count, not iNKT cell genotype. Transcription factor expression was also decreased in primary iNKT cells from the neutrophil-rich bone marrow compared with spleen in wild-type mice. In vitro, the function of both mouse and human iNKT cells was inhibited by coincubation with neutrophils. This required cell–cell contact with live neutrophils. Neutrophilic inflammation in experimental peritonitis in mice decreased iNKT cell T-box transcription factor 21 and GATA3 expression and α-galactosyl ceramide-induced cytokine production in vivo. This was reverted by blockade of neutrophil mobilization. Similarly, iNKT cells from the human peritoneal cavity expressed lower transcription factor levels during neutrophilic peritonitis. Our data reveal a novel regulatory axis whereby neutrophils reduce iNKT cell responses, which may be important in shaping the extent of inflammation.
MHC Class II Tetramers
Authors: Nepom Gerald T. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
MHC class II tetramers have emerged as an important tool for characterization of the specificity and phenotype of CD4 T cell immune responses, useful in a large variety of disease and vaccine studies. Issues of specific T cell frequency, biodistribution, and avidity, coupled with the large genetic diversity of potential class II restriction elements, require targeted experimental design. Translational opportunities for immune disease monitoring are driving the rapid development of HLA class II tetramer use in clinical applications, together with innovations in tetramer production and epitope discovery.