bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neonatal diagnosis of severe combined immunodeficiency leads to significantly improved survival outcome: the case for newborn screening
Authors: Brown Lucinda , Xu-Bayford Jinhua , Allwood Zoe , Slatter Mary , Cant Andrew , Davies E. Graham , Veys Paul , Gennery Andrew R. , Gaspar H. Bobby 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) carries a poor prognosis without definitive treatment by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The outcome for transplantation varies and is dependent on donor status and the condition of the child at the time of transplantation. Diagnosis at birth may allow for better protection of SCID babies from infection and improve transplantation outcome. In this comparative study conducted at the 2 designated SCID transplantation centers in the United Kingdom, we show that SCID babies diagnosed at birth because of a positive family history have a significantly improved outcome compared with the first presenting family member. The overall improved survival of more than 90% is related to a reduced rate of infection and significantly improved transplantation outcome irrespective of donor choice, conditioning regimen used, and underlying genetic diagnosis. Neonatal screening for SCID would significantly improve the outcome in this otherwise potentially devastating condition.
A microRNA expression signature of osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Sugatani Toshifumi , Vacher Jean , Hruska Keith A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRs) are small noncoding RNAs that principally function in the spatiotemporal regulation of protein translation in animal cells. Although emerging evidence suggests that some miRs play important roles in osteoblastogenesis and skeletal homeostasis, much less is known in osteoclastogenesis. Here, we show that receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)–induced osteoclastogenesis is mediated by miR-21. MiR-21 was identified as an miR expression signature of RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis that down-regulates programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) protein levels. Diminished PDCD4 removes a repression from c-Fos, a critical transcription factor for osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast-specific downstream target genes. In addition, RANKL-induced c-Fos up-regulates miR-21 gene expression. Bone marrow–derived monocyte/macrophage precursors deficient of DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8, an RNA binding protein associated with miR biogenesis, and Dicer, an endoribonuclease in the RNaseIII family associated with miR biogenesis, possessed significantly decreased miR-21 levels and increased PDCD4 protein levels so that RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis was impaired in those cells. However, forced expression of miR-21 rescued osteoclast development because of down-regulation of PDCD4 protein expression levels. Thus, our studies provide a new molecular mechanism, including a positive feedback loop of c-Fos/miR-21/PDCD4, regulating osteoclastogenesis.
Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Cyanochalcogenation of Alkynes with Chalcogenocyanates
Authors: Ozaki Toshiya , Nomoto Akihiro , Kamiya Ikuyo , Kawakami Jun-ichi , Ogawa Akiya 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) catalyzes the highly regioselective addition of phenyl thiocyanate to terminal alkynes, which attains the simultaneous introduction of thio and cyano groups into the internal and terminal positions of alkynes, respectively. In addition, dicobalt octacarbonyl indicates moderate catalytic activity toward the same cyanothiolation of alkynes with excellent regioselectivity. By using [Co2(CO)8] as the catalyst, novel cyanoselenation of alkynes with phenyl selenocyanate has also been attained in moderate yield with excellent regioselectivity.
Un insospettato caso di pseudepigrafia nel terzo secolo: l'attribuzione del a Flavio Giuseppe
Authors: Castelli Emanuele 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACT
This paper deals with the attribution of the (De universo) to Flavius Josephus. Three sources are considered in order to address the issue of its attribution to the storian: i) Refutatio IX 18-30; ii) a fragment in the Excerpta Constantiniana; iii) a notice by Porphyry in De abstinentia IV 11. An examination of the Refutatio demonstrates that the author was well acquainted with Flavius Josephus taking the notice at Bellum Iudaicum II 119-166 about the Essenes, Pharisees, and Saducees. Is it possible that the author of the Refutatio also used Flavius Josephus when he wrote the De universo? The examination of the Excerpta Constantiniana allows identifying a passage from the Contra Apionem, regarding the antiquity of the Jewish tradition that was re-used in the De universo. Porphyry's De abstinentia IV 11 mentions the Essenes and has been connected with the Contra Apionem in earlier research, even though there is no mention of the Essenes in that work nor can the title “to the Greeks” refer to it. Instead, this notice can be connected with the De universo which was already circulating under the name of Flavius Josephus. This work, in fact, was addressed “to the Greeks”, it was divided into two books, and it probably dealt with the Essenes. It appears that in writing the De universo the author made use of certain passages from Flavius Josephus in that part of the work concerned with Judaism. The attribution of this writing to the Jewish historian is thereby explained. The author of the Refutatio was the schismatic rival of the Roman bishop Callixtus (217-222). Because of this schismatic activity, his works were prudently circulated under the names of other authors. The Refutatio was attributed to Origen, the De universo, on the other hand, was attributed to Flavius Josephus on the basis of the fact that this work had been written with some excerpts from his writings.
The Prayer Theme in Augustine's Sermones ad Populum at the Time of the Pelagian Controversy: A Pastoral Treatment of a Focal Point of his Doctrine of Grace
Authors: Dupont Anthony 
Published: January 2011

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Der vorliegende Artikel untersucht die Behandlung des Gebets in Augustinus' Sermones ad Populum, besonders in solchen mit antipelagianischer Absicht oder in solchen, die ihren Sitz im Leben im Pelagianischen Streit haben. In Augustinus' antipelagianischen Abhandlungen fungiert das Gebet, besonders das Vaterunser, als Argument gegen die impeccantia und wird als ein besonderer Ausdruck der Gnade Gottes bezeichnet. In den Sermones stellt das Gebet das verbindende Element zwischen den Themen Glaube und Sünde dar. Menschen müssen beten, um zum Glauben zu gelangen und um gegen die concupiscentia ankämpfen zu können. Durch den Gegenstand des Gebets rückt der Prediger nachhaltig die göttliche Gnade ins Licht, aber er bezieht diese nicht auf das Gebet selbst. In seinen Sermones unterlässt es Augustinus fast völlig, das Gebet als Gottes Gnade oder als seiner Initiative und seinem dauerhaften Beistand zugehörig zu behandeln. Das Gebet ist vielmehr eine Aufgabe, zu der Augustinus seine Gemeinde einlädt. Wir können diese Einschätzung wahrscheinlich aus der seelsorgerlichen Intention der Sermones erklären und aus der Unterordnung dieses Themas unter das, was als Schwerpunkt der antipelagianischen Predigt gelten kann: Die Sündhaftigkeit des Menschen und das Angewiesensein auf Gottes Gnade, die auf diese Sündhaftigkeit antwortet.
Das Phänomen des Status-Sharings aus tätigkeitstheoretischer Perspektive
Authors: Böhringer Martin , Gerlach Lutz 
Published: January 2011

Zusammenfassung
Statusinformationen sind die große Innovation im Bereich der Social Software jüngerer Zeit. Werkzeuge wie Microblogging und Activity Streams legen die aktuellen Tätigkeiten der Nutzer offen und ermöglichen eine bisher unbekannte Dimension digitaler Awareness. Während Status-Updates in hohem Tempo weitere Verbreitung auch in Unternehmen fi nden, stellen sich aus Forschungssicht Verständnisfragen: Warum und wie kommunizieren Anwender ihren Status? Was ist der subjektiv und objektiv erfahrbare Nutzen? Und vor allem: welche Einfl ussfaktoren bestimmen die Anwendungsszenarien im organisatorischen Kontext? In diesem Beitrag schlagen wir dazu einen tätigkeitsorientierten Zugang zum Phänomen Status-Sharing vor und zeigen mögliche Operationalisierungen des von der Theorie bereitgestellten Analyseframeworks auf.
Experten-Empfehlungen mit Social Bookmarking-Services
Authors: Heck Tamara , Peters Isabella 
Published: January 2011

Zusammenfassung
Empfehlungssysteme haben sich insbesondere im e-Commerce etabliert, aber die Empfehlung von Experten oder Mitarbeitern in einem fi rmeninternen Netzwerk oder in wissenschaftlichen Disziplinen wird derzeit noch theoretisch diskutiert. Wir präsentieren einen Ansatz zur Entwicklung von Expertenempfehlungssystemen, der auf Beziehungen in digitalen sozialen Netzwerken wie Social Bookmarking-Systemen mit ihren Folksonomies beruht.
Erwartungskonformität als Gestaltungsmerkmal im Web
Authors: Auinger Andreas , Aistleithner Anna Maria 
Published: January 2011

Zusammenfassung
Die benutzungsfreundliche Gestaltung von Webseiten trägt einen wesentlichen Teil zum Erfolg von Online-Auftritten bei und bestimmt damit direkt oder indirekt den Geschäftserfolg von Unternehmen der klassischen und der digitalen Ökonomie mit. Das Gestaltungsmerkmal der Erwartungskonformität als einer der Grundsätze zur Dialoggestaltung nach DIN EN ISO 9241-110 stellt diesbezüglich einen wesentlichen Erfolgsfaktor im Hinblick auf die effiziente und effektive Aufgabenerfüllung auf Webseiten und eCommerce-Seiten dar. In den letzten zehn Jahren wurden zahlreiche Gestaltungsempfehlungen aus der facheinschlägigen Literatur zur erwartungskonformen Gestaltung von Interaktionselementen im Web manifestiert. Dieser Beitrag zeigt deren exemplarische Umsetzung und Ergebnisse einer Blickaufzeichnungsstudie, die darauf schließen lassen, dass sich nicht alle Empfehlungen aus der Literatur bewährt haben und sich die Gültigkeit von Gestaltungsprinzipien im Laufe der Zeit verändern kann.
Auf dem Weg zu nutzerzentrierten klinischen Informationssystemen
Authors: Meixner Gerrit , Wicht Andreas , Klein Ulrike 
Published: January 2011

Zusammenfassung
Im Rahmen einer mehrjährigen Zusammenarbeit zwischen der medizinischen Fakultät der Universität Heidelberg und dem Deutschen Forschungszentrum für Künstliche Intelligenz (DFKI) wurde die Situation aktueller medizinischer Softwaresysteme analysiert. Während eines ersten Projektes wurde gemeinsam ein Prototyp eines nutzerzentrierten Softwaresystems für die allogene Stammzelltransplantation entwickelt. Ein darauf aufbauendes zweites Projekt führte eine Befragung unter dem medizinischen Personal zum Stellenwert von IT-Anwendungen im klinischen Alltag durch und analysierte die Situation aktueller medizinischer Softwaresysteme. Neben der Vorstellung der Umfrageergebnisse und Ergebnisse des Demonstrators wird in diesem Beitrag die Frage diskutiert, ob aktuelle medizinische Softwaresysteme die Nutzer genügend bei deren täglichen Arbeit unterstützen, oder ob die Softwaresysteme nur funktionsorientiert und an der Wirklichkeit vorbei entwickelt werden.
A comparative study on the effect of solvent on nucleophilic fluorination with [18F]fluoride: protic solvents as co-solvents in SN2 and SNAr reactions
Authors: Koivula Teija , Simecek Jakub , Jalomäki Jarno , Helariutta Kerttuli , Airaksinen Anu J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe effect of solvent on nucleophilic substitution with cyclotron-produced [18F]fluoride was studied in polar aprotic (CH3CN and DMF) and protic solvent (t-BuOH andt-amyl alcohol) mixtures (CH3CN/co-solvent, 2:8) in a series of model compounds, 4-(R1-methyl)benzyl R2-benzoates, using a K2.2.2/[18F]KF phase transfer system (R1=–Cl, –OMs or –OH; R2=–Cl, –I or –NO2).18F-fluorination of compounds 1–3, with chloride or mesylate as a leaving group in the benzylic position (R1), afforded the desired 4-([18F]fluoromethyl)benzyl analogues in all solvents during 15ߙmin reaction time. The highest radiochemical yields (RCY) in all the studied reaction temperatures (80, 120 and 160ºC) were achieved in CH3CN. Radiochemical yields in protic solvents were comparable to RCY in CH3CN only with the sulfonate ester 3 as a starting material.18F-Fluorination of the benzylic halides 1 and 2 was not promoted in the same extent; in addition, labelled side-products were detected at higher reaction temperatures. Radiofluorination intert-alcohols was also studied using [18F]CsF with and without added phase transfer catalyst, resulting in both conditions lower RCY when compared to K2.2.2/[18F]KF system. Protic solvents were not able to promote aromatic18F-fluorination.18F-Fluorination of compound 5, havingpara-activated nitro group in the aromatic position (R2), failed intert-alcohols even at the highest temperature, but it was labelled successfully in DMF and to some extent in CH3CN.
Vibrational Spectroscopic Studies of Germanium-High Bismuthate Glasses and Vitroceramics
Authors: Ponta Oana , Baia Lucian , Baia Monica , Simon Simion 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Bi2O3-rich glasses belonging to the system xGd2O3(1−x)[0.857Bi2O3·0.143GeO2] with 0.005≤x≤0.1, have been obtained by rapid cooling of the melts. Polycrystalline samples have been further obtained by applying a heat treatment at 600ºC for 24 h. Both types of samples were structurally characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopic techniques.
Local structural units for the investigated samples are identified on the basis of vibrational spectroscopic data. The obtained data reveal the presence of GeO4, GeO6, BiO3 and BiO6 groups as basic structural units of the networks. For the vitroceramic samples some changes occur in their network, mainly reflecting the presence of an ordered structure, but much important is that part of the BiO6 structural units from Bi2O3-GeO2 glass network are converting into BiO3 units. The IR and Raman results support the idea that the local structure of the glasses and vitroceramics is less affected by the presence of Gd3+ ions but there is strong long range order influence on developed crystalline phases from vitroceramic samples, as proved by XRD. However, the spectral analyses reveal the formation of a structure with a higher disorder degree for x=0.1 in comparison with the other investigated vitroceramics as a result of the partial replacement of the Bi3+ ions with Gd3+ ions. Starting from the Bi12GeO20 sellenite phase in the samples with low gadolinium content (x≤0.01), the structure is change to Bi24GeO38 phase, via a BiLa type structure, when the Gd2O3 concentration is increasing up to x=0.1.
Prognosis and Prognostic Factors of the Micropapillary Pattern in Patients Treated for Stage II and III Serous Borderline Tumors of the Ovary
Authors: Uzan Catherine , Kane Aminata , Rey Annie , Gouy Sebastien , Camatte Sophie , Pautier Patricia , Lhommé Catherine , Haie-Meder Christine , Duvillard Pierre , Morice Philippe 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Discuss the prognostic impact of a micropapillary pattern in patients with stage II and III serous borderline ovarian tumors (SBOT).Consider when conservative surgery is an appropriate intervention in patients with SBOT-MP.
CME This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com

Background.
To determine the prognosis of a micropapillary (MP) pattern in patients with stage II and stage III serous borderline tumor of the ovary (SBOT).

Methods.
Review of patients with stage II and stage III SBOT treated or referred to our institution with characterization of an MP pattern and its clinical impact.

Results.
In 1969–2006, 168 patients were reviewed. Fifty-six patients had SBOT-MP. The rate of conservative surgery was lower in the SBOT-MP group than in the typical SBOT group, but the rate of patients with more than three peritoneal sites with implants was higher in the SBOT-MP group. The rate of invasive implants was not statistically different between the two groups. Eighteen recurrences were observed (six of them in the form of invasive disease) in the SBOT-MP group. Only one death was observed. The overall survival times and recurrence-free intervals were similar in both groups. The only prognostic factor for recurrence in the SBOT-MP group was the use of conservative surgery.

Conclusions.
In the present series, an MP pattern doesn't appear to signify a poor prognosis. The only prognostic factor for recurrence in SBOT-MP was the use of conservative surgery. Further studies on the MP pattern are needed to evaluate prognosis and the results of conservative surgery.
Report of a Phase II Study of Clofarabine and Cytarabine in De Novo and Relapsed and Refractory AML Patients and in Selected Elderly Patients at High Risk for Anthracycline Toxicity
Authors: Agura Edward , Cooper Barry , Holmes Houston , Vance Estil , Berryman Robert Brian , Maisel Christopher , Li Sandy , Saracino Giovanna , Tadic-Ovcina Mirjana , Fay Joseph 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Purpose.
To determine the efficacy and safety of clofarabine and cytarabine (Ara-C) in adult patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and in elderly patients with untreated AML and heart disease.

Patients and Methods.
Patients with relapsed/refractory AML and older patients for whom there was a concern over toxicity from additional anthracyclines received 5 days of clofarabine, 40 mg/m2 per day i.v. over 1 hour, followed 4 hours later by Ara-C, 1,000 mg/m2 per day i.v. over 2 hours.

Results.
Thirty patients were enrolled. The median age was 67 years (range, 38–82 years) and 18 (60%) had received at least one prior therapy. Eleven (37%) patients had a history of cardiovascular disease and were considered to be at high risk for anthracycline toxicity. High-risk cytogenetic abnormalities were present in 14 (47%) patients. The overall response rate (complete remission [CR] plus partial remission) was 53%, including a CR in 14 patients (47%). Responses were observed in all cytogenetic risk groups and in patients who had received up to five prior therapies. The median disease-free survival interval was 9.5 months. The 30-day mortality rate was 20% (de novo AML, 8%; relapsed/refractory AML, 28%). Of the 14 patients achieving a CR, half were able to proceed to curative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Conclusions.
Clofarabine in combination with Ara-C is effective in both untreated and previously treated patients with AML. In addition, it represents a useful remission induction strategy to serve as a bridge to transplantation in older patients with AML.
Accurate Classification of Metastatic Brain Tumors Using a Novel MicroRNA-Based Test
Authors: Mueller Wolf C. , Spector Yael , Edmonston Tina Bocker , St. Cyr Brianna , Jaeger Diana , Lass Ulrike , Aharonov Ranit , Rosenwald Shai , Chajut Ayelet 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Background.
Identification of the tissue of origin of a brain metastatic tumor is vital to its management. Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) is common in oncology, representing 3%–5% of all invasive malignancies. We aimed to validate a recently developed microRNA-based quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) test for identifying the tumor tissue of origin, first in a consecutive cohort of metastatic tumors of known origin and then in a cohort of CUP cases resected from the central nervous system (CNS).

Patients and Methods.
One hundred two resected CNS metastatic tumors with known origin, previously classified based on the patient's clinical history and pathological data, as well as a second cohort of resected CNS tumors from 57 patients originally diagnosed as CUP were studied. A qRT-PCR diagnostic assay that measures the expression level of 48 microRNAs was used to classify the tissue of origin of these metastatic tumors.

Results.
In this blinded study, the test predictions correctly identified the reference diagnosis of the samples of known origin, excluding samples from prostate origin, in 84% of cases. In the second CUP patient cohort, the test prediction was in agreement with the diagnosis that was later confirmed clinically or with pathological evaluation in 80% of cases.

Conclusion.
In a cohort of brain and spinal metastases, a previously developed test based on the expression of 48 microRNAs allowed accurate identification of the tumor tissue of origin in the majority of cases. The high accuracy of this test in identifying the tissue of origin of metastases of unknown primary is demonstrated for the first time and may have broad clinical application.
Role of Twenty-Four-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Children on Dialysis
Authors: Chaudhuri Abanti , Sutherland Scott M. , Begin Brandy , Salsbery Kari , McCabe Lonisa , Potter Donald , Alexander Steven R. , Wong Cynthia J. 
Published: January 2011

Summary

Background and objectives
Pre- or postdialysis BP recordings are imprecise, can be biased, and have poor test–retest reliability in children on dialysis. We aimed to examine the possible differences between pre- and postdialysis BP levels and 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) in diagnosis of hypertension (HTN).

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Twenty-four children on dialysis had 24-hour ABPM in the interdialytic period, and values were compared with average pre- and postdialysis systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) recordings that week. Each patient had an echocardiogram to determine presence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH).

Results
By ABPM, 8% of patients had white coat HTN and 12% had masked HTN. There was no significant difference in diagnosis of systolic HTN based on ABPM daytime SBP mean or load and postdialysis SBP. However, only 15% of patients had diastolic HTN based on postdialysis measures, whereas 46% of patients had significantly elevated daytime DBP loads and 71% had high nighttime DBP loads on ABPM. Forty-eight percent of patients were SBP nondippers. Children with LVH had higher daytime and nighttime SBP loads, significantly higher daytime and nighttime DBP loads, and lesser degree of nocturnal dipping of SBP compared with those who did not.

Conclusion
ABPM is more informative than pre- and postdialysis BPs and improves the predictability of BP as a risk factor for target organ damage. Diagnosis and treatment monitoring of HTN among pediatric dialysis patients is enhanced with addition of ABPM.
Primacy or Recency? A Study of Order Effects When Nonprofessional Investors are Provided a Long Series of Disclosures
Authors: Pinsker Robert 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACT: Firms have the incentive to aggregate multiple pieces of good and bad news together in a consistent direction (i.e., all positive news or all negative news) and disclose it either sequentially or all together (simultaneously) in order to reduce the risk of stock price volatility or large stock price declines. Unfortunately for investors, disclosure patterns such as these may result in order effects, which reduce decision quality. My paper examines the results of three experiments in order to determine: (1) which order effect, if any, results when long series of consistent direction voluntary disclosures are made, and (2) if the sequential or simultaneous nature of the disclosures exacerbates any order effect found. The first two experiments use undergraduates as participants, while the third experiment uses actual nonprofessional investors to try and tease out explanations for the experimental findings.
I find recency effects for all conditions in all experiments, and significantly greater recency effects for the sequential conditions relative to the simultaneous conditions in the 40-cue experiments. Additionally, results of the supplemental experiment provide evidence that nonprofessional investors can be information seeking and active in their investment decision-making, which can prohibit attention decrement. Findings contribute to the voluntary disclosure, judgment and decision-making (JDM), and belief revision literatures, as well as highlight the context-specific nature of the belief-adjustment model’s predictions.