bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic‐assisted management of chronic sialadenitis
Authors: Gillespie M. Boyd , Intaphan Jared , Nguyen Shaun A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundChronic sialadenitis is a relatively common disorder that is frequently referred to head and neck surgeons for diagnosis and management. The management of the disorder is rapidly evolving with the introduction of salivary endoscopy. The purpose of the present study was a review of the indications and techniques of endoscopic‐assisted management of chronic sialadenitis at a single U.S. institution.MethodsThis study is a retrospective case series of patients undergoing salivary endoscopy for chronic sialadenitis. Patient clinical information was reviewed to determine endoscopic findings, associated procedures, complications, rate of gland preservation, and early symptom control.ResultsA total of 51 patients underwent endoscopic‐assisted salivary surgery over a 24‐month period. Treatment indications included sialadenitis of unclear etiology (49%), sialadenitis with sialolithiasis (47%), and Sjögren syndrome (4%). Findings included obstructive stricture formation in 22 patients (43%). Associated procedures included sialodochoplasty (41%), steroid infusion (39%), and ductal stenting (8%). Gland preservation was achieved in 40 patients (78%). Of those who were treated with endoscopic‐assisted techniques alone, 38 patients (84%) had symptomatic improvement whereas 7 patients (16%) did not improve. Minor complications were observed in 12% of the patients.ConclusionEndoscopic‐assisted management of chronic sialadenitis is both safe and effective and allows gland preservation with symptom control in the majority of patients. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Endoscope‐assisted intraoral resection of external dermoid cyst
Authors: Kim Jin Pyeong , Park Jung Je , Jeon Sea‐Yuong , Ahn Seong‐Ki , Hur Dong Gu , Kim Dae‐Woo , Park Hyun Woo , Woo Seung Hoon 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundSurgical removal of a dermoid cyst is usually accomplished through an external neck incision. However, this procedure inevitably results in a neck scar.MethodsWe report the case of a 17‐year‐old woman with a submental mass. We implemented a modified approach to dermoid cyst removal through the floor of the mouth using an endoscope system.ResultsThe patient received a modified approach to dermoid cyst removal and remains free of disease 6 months after excision.ConclusionResection of the submental type dermoid cyst can be performed by an intraoral endoscope‐assisted approach through the floor of the mouth. We describe the procedure of the endoscope‐assisted intraoral resection. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Adrenergic modulation of sharp wave‐ripple activity in rat hippocampal slices
Authors: Ul Haq R. , Liotta A. , Kovacs R. , Rösler A. , Jarosch M.J. , Heinemann U. , Behrens C.J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractNorepinephrine (NE) has been shown to facilitate learning and memory by modulating synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus in vivo. During memory consolidation, transiently stored information is transferred from the hippocampus into the cortical mantle. This process is believed to depend on the generation of sharp wave‐ripple complexes (SPW‐Rs), during which previously stored information might be replayed. Here, we used rat hippocampal slices to investigate neuromodulatory effects of NE on SPW‐Rs, induced by a standard long‐term potentiation (LTP) protocol, in the CA3 and CA1. NE (10–50 μM) dose‐dependently and reversibly suppressed the generation of SPW‐Rs via activation of α1 adrenoreceptors, as indicated by the similar effects of phenylephrine (100 μM). In contrast, the unspecific β adrenoreceptor agonist isoproterenol (2 μM) significantly increased the incidence of SPW‐Rs. Furthermore, β adrenoreceptor activation significantly facilitated induction of both LTP and SPW‐Rs within the CA3 network. Suppression of SPW‐Rs by NE was associated with a moderate hyperpolarization in the majority of CA3 pyramidal cells and with a reduction of presynaptic Ca2+ uptake in the stratum radiatum. This was indicated by activity‐dependent changes in [Ca2+]o and Ca2+fluorescence signals, by changes in the paired pulse ratio of evoked EPSPs and by analysis of the coefficient of variance. In the presence of NE, repeated high frequency stimulation (high‐frequency stimulation (HFS)) failed to induce SPW‐Rs, although SPW‐Rs appeared following washout of NE. Together, our data indicate that the NE‐mediated suppression of hippocampal SPW‐Rs depends on α1 adrenoreceptor activation, while their expression and activity‐dependent induction is facilitated via β1‐adrenoreceptors. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Implication of human nonmetastatic clone 23 Type 1 and its downstream gene lipocalin 2 in metastasis and patient's survival of cancer of uterine cervix
Authors: Wang Po‐Hui , Ko Jiunn‐Liang , Yang Shun‐Fa , Lin Long‐Yau 
Published: January 2011

AbstractHuman nonmetastatic clone 23 Type 1 (nm23‐H1) is demonstrated to have diverse roles in metastasis and survival for many cancers, which are probably caused via different impacts on its downstream genes. Our preliminary study using cDNA genechip found that lipocalin 2 seems to be a significant downstream gene of nm23‐H1 in SiHa cancer cells of uterine cervix. Therefore, we investigated the expression and correlation of nm23‐H1 and lipocalin 2 in cancer metastasis and their implication in recurrence and survival of cervical cancer patients. In our study, we knocked down SiHa cancer cells by short hairpin RNA for nm23‐H to detect its impact on the promoter activity and gene expression of lipocalin 2. In addition to nm23‐H1 knockdown, lipocalin 2 gene was overexpressed to detect their implication in metastatic phenotypes. We further used immunohistochemical methods for 100 cancer tissue cores of cervical tissue microarrays to correlate the expression of nm23‐H1 and lipocalin 2 with recurrence and survival of cancer patients. Our findings showed that nm23‐H1 knockdown SiHa cancer cells increased lipocalin 2 promoter activity and gene expression, then decreased cells migration and invasion. They displayed cobblestone‐like appearance and decreased interior fibers. Cervical cancer patients with positive nm23‐H1 and negative lipocalin 2 expression had the worst recurrence probability and overall survival. In conclusion, when nm23‐H1 gene is knocked down in SiHa cervical cancer cells, cells migration and invasion decrease through elevated expression of lipocalin 2. Cervical cancer patients with positive nm23‐H1 and negative lipocalin 2 should be followed and treated intensely.
Impact of an HPV6/11/16/18 L1 virus‐like particle vaccine on progression to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in seropositive women with HPV16/18 infection
Authors: Haupt Richard M. , Wheeler Cosette M. , Brown Darron R. , Garland Suzanne M. , Ferris Daron G. , Paavonen Jorma A. , Lehtinen Matti O. , Steben Marc , Joura Elmar A. , Giacoletti Katherine E. D. , Radley David R. , James Margaret K. , Saah Alfred J. , Sings Heather L. ,   for the FUTURE I and II Investigators
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe impact of a human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine on development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2‐3 or adenocarcinoma in situ (CIN2‐3/AIS) in women with ongoing HPV16 or 18 infections prevaccination is reported. Seventeen thousand six‐hundred and twenty‐two women aged 16–26 were enrolled in 1 of 2 randomized, placebo‐controlled, efficacy trials (Protocols 013 and 015). Vaccine or placebo was given at day 1, month 2 and 6. Women were tested for HPV6/11/16/18 DNA and antibodies at day 1. We focus on the subset of women who were seropositive and DNA positive to HPV16 or HPV18 prevaccination. Incidence is expressed as the number of women with an endpoint per 100 person‐years‐at‐risk. In total, 419 vaccine and 446 placebo recipients were both seropositive and DNA positive to HPV16 or HPV18 prevaccination and had at least one follow‐up visit. In Protocol 013, the incidence of HPV16/18‐related CIN2‐3/AIS among these women was 10.9 in the vaccine arm and 7.0 in the placebo arm (vaccine efficacy = −54.9; 95% CI: −181.7, 13.0). In Protocol 015, the incidence of HPV16/18‐related CIN2‐3/AIS was 5.5 in the vaccine arm and 6.2 in the placebo arm (vaccine efficacy = 12.2%; 95% CI: −29.8, 40.9). These data suggest HPV vaccination neither reduces nor enhances progression to HPV16/18‐related high grade cervical lesions, and cervical cytology screening and corresponding management should continue as per local recommendations. Ultimately, population‐based surveillance of vaccinated individuals beyond these clinical trials will be required to further address questions regarding the impact of vaccination in women exposed to vaccine HPV types before vaccination.
Risk of metachronous contralateral testicular germ cell tumors: A population‐based study of 7,102 Norwegian patients (1953–2007)
Authors: Andreassen Kristine E. , Grotmol Tom , Cvancarova Milada S. , Johannesen Tom B. , Fosså Sophie D. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to identify overall incidence and risk of developing a metachronous contralateral testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) and compare the risk for patients treated before and after 1980 (cisplatin became available for patients with metastatic TGCT). Our hypothesis was that the risk of metachronous TCGT would be reduced for patients with metastatic disease diagnosed after 1980. We included 7,102 men with unilateral TGCT, recorded in the Cancer Registry of Norway. Allowing for competing risk, cumulative incidence and adjusted hazard ratio (HR) were estimated for different subgroups, and the diagnostic periods 1953–1979 (I) and 1980–2007 (II). Relative risks were assessed by standardized incidence ratio (SIR). In Period I and Period II, 38 and 137 males, respectively, were diagnosed with metachronous contralateral TGCT. Corresponding 20‐year cumulative incidences were 1.9% and 3.9%. In Period II, risk of a second TGCT was halved [HR = 0.5, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.33–0.77] for patients with metastatic compared to localized disease. For patients presenting with localized and metastatic disease, the SIRs for Period I were 14.6 (95% CI = 9.6–21.2) and 25.3 (95% CI = 12.1–46.5), respectively. In Period II, the corresponding numbers were 19.0 (95% CI = 15.6–22.9) and 9.8 (95% CI = 6.4–14.5). In conclusion, the risk of metachronous contralateral TGCT was halved for patients with metastatic compared to localized disease in Period II, whereas this protective effect of extent of disease lacked significance for Period I. These findings support our hypothesis that cisplatin‐based chemotherapy reduced the risk of a second TGCT for patients with metastatic TGCT diagnosed after 1980.
Mitochondrial and energy metabolism‐related properties as novel indicators of lung cancer stem cells
Authors: Ye Xiao‐Qun , Li Qi , Wang Guang‐Hui , Sun Fen‐Fen , Huang Gui‐Jun , Bian Xiu‐Wu , Yu Shi‐Cang , Qian Gui‐Sheng 
Published: January 2011

AbstractEnergy metabolism is the foundation of survival for all organisms, and mitochondria are the most important energy‐supplying organelles in eukaryotic cells. However, the mitochondrial and energy/metabolism‐related properties of cancer stem cells (CSCs), the stem cell‐like subpopulation in tumor masses, remain unknown. In our study, we compared the masses of mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), oxygen/glucose consumption, and the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ATP between lung CSCs (LCSCs) and non‐LCSCs. In addition, the change in features during differentiation was examined. Some mitochondrial and energy metabolism‐related properties, such as perinuclear mitochondrial distribution, a lower quantity of mtDNA, higher Δψm, lower oxygen/glucose consumption, and lower intracellular concentrations of ROS and ATP, can be used as indicators of LCSCs.
Bfl‐1 is a crucial pro‐survival nuclear factor‐κB target gene in Hodgkin/Reed‐Sternberg cells
Authors: Loughran Sinéad T. , Campion Eva M. , D'Souza Brendan N. , Smith Sinéad M. , Vrzalikova Katerina , Wen Kaisheng , Murray Paul G. , Walls Dermot 
Published: January 2011

AbstractHodgkin/Reed‐Sternberg (H/RS) cells are believed to represent clonal progeny of Germinal Centre B cells that have escaped negative selection by evading apoptosis. Aberrant constitutive activity of the transcription factor NF‐κB plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Hodgkin's Lymphoma (HL), conferring a survival advantage on H/RS cells. Bfl‐1 is a pro‐survival NF‐κB target gene from the Bcl‐2 family of apoptosis‐regulating proteins. Here, we report that bfl‐1 (also known as A1 or GRS) is frequently expressed in primary H/RS cells from HL tumor biopsies and that elevated bfl‐1 expression is a feature of H/RS derived cell lines. We show that bfl‐1 is an NF‐κB target gene in this cell context and that this regulation is effected through a p65‐binding DNA element located in its promoter. We demonstrate that ectopic Bfl‐1 can rescue cultured H/RS cells from apoptosis induced by pharmacological inhibitors of NF‐κB, and that knockdown of bfl‐1 potentiates the pro‐apoptotic effect of these agents. These findings are the first indication that Bfl‐1 plays a crucial role in setting the elevated threshold of resistance of this malignant cell type to apoptosis.
Le système de partis italien: entre changement structurel et “néo‐transformisme”
Authors: D'Alimonte Roberto , Bartolini Stefano 
Published: January 2011

RésuméDe 1992 à 1994, la concrétisation de tendances durables ‐ l'importance décroissante des identités politiques et sous‐cultures communistes et catholiques ‐ l'impact immédiat de scandales politiques majeurs, et le succès concomitant d'un mouvement multi‐partisan en faveur de réformes électorales et institutionnelles ont mené à une réforme drastique du système électoral parlementaire italien en direction d'un scrutin majoritaire. Cet article a pour but d'évaluer dans quelle mesure le nouveau cadre politique et institutionnel a modifié la structure et les rouages du système de partis. Dans cette perspective, les auteurs prennent en considération: la fragmentation du système quant au nombre d'unités en compétition (partis, cartels électoraux et groupes parlementaires); la concentration des votes en faveur des principaux partis; les moteurs de la compétition en termes d'échanges de votes entre les différentes sphères politiques; le niveau de polarisation de l'électorat et la performance des différents cartels électoraux. Cette analyse permet de révéler qu'au‐delà d'une grande effervescence politique, la structure du système de partis n'a été que partiellement modifiée par le changement de système électoral. Les tendances bipolaires sont toujours contrecarrées par d'importances forces et la possibilité d'un retour à une politique de coalition centriste reste d'actualité.
Die EWR‐Information der Bundesbehörden
Authors: Goetschel Laurent 
Published: January 2011

ZusammenfassungDie Volksabstimmung über den EWR‐Vertrag vom 6. Dezember 1992 hat Anlass zur bis anhin grössten öffentlichen Kontroverse zur schweizerischen Integrationspolitik geboten. In diesem Umfeld griffen die Bundesbehörden in einem zuvor nicht gekannten Ausmass in den Meinungsbildungsprozess im Hinblick auf eine Volksabstimmung ein. Der Beitrag analysiert zunächst das Konzept der staatlichen Information in Funktion der Ausgangslage und der Informationsziele. Anschliessend wird die eigentliche Informationskampagne in Anbetracht derselben Ziele und des äusseren Umfelds untersucht. Dabei gelangt der Autor zum Schluss, dass die hoch gesteckten Informationsziele der Behörden durch das ungünstige Umfeld, indem die Kampagne abgewickelt wurde, ausser Reichweite gerieten. Zuletzt folgt ein Ausblick auf die heutige Situation im Bereich der staatlichen Europainformation.
The “Project on Comparative European Electoral History: 1830‐1995”. A computerized data handbook
Authors: Caramani Daniele 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe article describes a research program aimed at building a computerized data collection on Western European electoral history since the beginning of competitive elections. This data collection will be used by the author to study the process of nationalization at the electoral level. It comprises three parts. First, a systematic collection of results of the general elections at the constituency level has been carried out. Second, a coding work has been achieved to give a quantitative and analytical form to electoral system features: processes of enfranchisement, characteristics of representation systems and levels of equality of voting conditions. Finally, the program devoted attention to the documentation of the data: code book, sources, redistricting, election dates, history of parties and so forth.
Die Wirkung von institutionellen Reformen dargestellt am Beispiel der Reform des Kommissionensystems der Schweizerischen Bundesversammlung von 1991
Authors: Lüthi Ruth 
Published: January 2011

ZusammenfassungAm 4. Oktober 1991 verabschiedeten die Eidgenössischen Räte eine Reform ihres Kommissionensystems. Die parlamentarischen Geschäfte werden seither von ständigen, thematisch spezialisierten Kommissionen vorberaten. Diese Reform stellt einen interessanten empirischen Fall dar, an dem sich in einem “Vorher‐nachher‐Vergleich” der Einfluss des institutionellen Faktors in der Politik aufzeigen lässt. Es kann gezeigt werden, dass die Parlamentskommissionen insbesondere im Verhältnis zur Regierung ihre Position stärken konnten. Aufgrund der kontinuierlichen Verfolgung bestimmter Politikbereiche werden die Kommissionsmitglieder zu immer wichtigeren Ansprechpartnern für den Bundesrat, was eines der zentralen Anliegen der Reformer war. Die Reform hatte aber auch Einfluss auf das Verhalten der Abgeordneten. Eine Reihe von Interviews ergab, dass sich diese seit der Reform vermehrt mit ihren Kommissionen identifizieren, was Auswirkungen auf ihr Verhalten in den Fraktionen und im Plenum hat. Dies stützt eine wichtige Annahme der Vertreter des neo‐institutionellen Ansatzes, wonach Institutionen das Verhalten der politischen Akteure beeinflussen.
Politics Against Convergence? Current Trends in European Social Policy
Authors: Bonoli Giuliano , George Vic , Taylor‐Gooby Peter 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this article, we look at the issue of convergence in social policymaking within EU member‐states. Proponents of the convergence thesis argue that since European welfare states are facing similar socioeconomic challenges, they are likely to develop common response strategies. Our analysis, based on a survey carried out among policymakers, looks at political debates on the future of social protection in four EU member states. The main focus is on the different institutional structures which characterise European welfare states, and on their impact on political debates in terms of coalition formation. The analysis shows that the influence of socio‐economic change on political debates is important, but that it is significantly mediated by the different institutional arrangements which distinguish European welfare states. We conclude that the presence of common socio‐economic problems does not necessarily imply a convergence in policy‐making.
La Communauté Européenne, Entre Etat FéDéral et FéDération D'Etats
Authors: Ferry Jean‐Marc 
Published: January 2011

RésuméDu traité de Rome au traité d'Amsterdam, la construction européenne a élaboré sa Constitution politique latente. Entre Etat fédéral et Fédération d'Etats, il s'agit de la quête d'un concept. Deux paradigmes juridiques sont mis à l'épreuve: l'idée d'un droit des citoyens du monde qui se voit aujourd'hui réactualisée dans la perspective d'une démocratie cosmopolitique supposant un véritable Etat (Habermas, Held), et le droit des peuples, réinvesti dans la perspective constructiviste d'une "société politique des nations bien ordonnés" (Rawls). Paradigme "supranational" des droits de l'homme, ou paradigme "international" du droit des gens. La Constitution implicite de l'Union européenne ne se réduit pas à celle d'une Société des nations. Son originalité consisterait plutôt à consacrer, sur le plan d'un droit des gens, les valeurs transposées des droits de l'homme, ceci sur un spectre large qui comprendra sans doute les droits d'intégrité (ou droits civils fondamentaux), de par‐ticipation (droits civiques fondamentaux), de solidarité (droits sociaux fondamentaux), de personnalité (droits moraux fondamentaux).
Demokratie und Wohlfahrtsstaat: eine europäische Regimeform unter dem Stress der europäischen Integration
Authors: Offe Klaus 
Published: January 2011

ZusammenfassungStaaten sind nicht nur "vertikale" Organisationen politischer Herrschaft. Vielmehr basiert die staatliche Herrschaftsordnung auf Strukturen der Binnenintegration ("Vergemeinschaftung"), die über alle Konflikte und Besonderheiten hinweg das horizontale Verhältnis der Bürger zueinander bestimmen. Diese Binnenintegration muss nicht "ethnischer", sondern kann sehr wohl republikanischer Natur sein und dann als sozialintegrative Voraussetzung für Demokratie und Wohlfahrtsstaat dienen. Wenn das zutrifft, stellt sich die Frage nach dem möglichen Modus politischer Integration im europäischen Massstab. Gibt es Traditionen, Identitäten und Zielbestimmungen ("finalité"), die zwischen allen Europäern Vertrauen und Solidarität begründen können? Der Verfasser prüft die in Betracht kommenden Antworten auf diese Frage und kommt zu dem skeptischen Ergebnis, dass die sozialmoralischen Grundlagen einer europaweiten Demokratie und eines kontinentalen Wohlfahrtsregimes keineswegs evident sind.
Etat européen ou Union européenne à vocation fédérale?
Authors: Sidjanski Dusan 
Published: January 2011

RésuméLe concept d'Etat européen appliqué à l'Union européenne est inappro‐prié. Celui d'une Fédération européenne est plus adéquat. Ce choix est fondé sur l'analyse de la Communauté européenne depuis ses origines, puis de l'actuelle Union européenne issue de l'Acte unique européen et des traités de Maastricht et d'Amsterdam: la Fédération des Nations eu‐ropéennes reflète bien mieux la réalité de l'intégration européenne. Le but de cet article est de faire la démonstration systématique de la vali‐dité de ce choix en procédant de la façon suivante: Le pourquoi de l'inadéquation du concept d'Etat européen suivi de l'analyse des traits caractéristiques de l'Union européenne: institutions, acteurs et proces‐sus de décision. La quête du Gral: l'innovation politique et le potentiel original de l'Union européenne tels qu'ils se dessinent dans les traités de Maastricht et d'Amsterdam.
Konkordanz gleich Konvergenz? Die Links–rechts–Positionierung der Schweizer Bundesratsparteien, 1947 – 1995
Authors: Brändle Michael 
Published: January 2011

ZusammenfassungMit einer Inhaltsanalyse der Wahlprogramme der letzten 50 Jahre lassen sich die Schweizer Bundesratsparteien auf einer Links‐rechts‐Skala positionieren und erstmals vergleichend analysieren. Eine erste deskriptive Auswertung geht der Frage nach, ob die Institutionalisierung des Konkordanzsystems mit der Zauberformel 1959 eine konvergente Entwicklung im Sinne einer Annäherung der Parteipositionen von FDP, CVP, SVP und SPS auf der Links‐rechts‐Dimension nach sich zog. Nach Einführung der Zauberformel 1959 zeigt sich zwar eine längere Phase der Konvergenz, in der sich die rechts positionierten Parteien FDP, CVP und SVP gemeinsam in die Mitte bewegen; die SPS bleibt klar links verortet. Die erhöhte Polarisierung in den 1980er und anfangs der 1990er Jahre spricht allerdings gegen einen nivellierenden Effekt der stabilen Vier‐Parteien‐Koalition. Vielmehr entwickelt sich ein dreipoliges System, dessen rechter Pol 1995 verstärkt wird. Nach der Institutionalisierung des Konkordanzsystems lassen sich demnach nur phasenweise konvergierende Parteipositionen nachzeichnen.