bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome in pediatric celiac disease is independent of the diagnostic approach in patients with high antibody levels
Authors: Klöti Simon , Schaad Joachim , Spalinger Johannes , Schibli Susanne , Hart Lara , Sokollik Christiane , Righini‐Grunder Franziska 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesEuropean Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) guidelines enable the diagnosis of celiac disease (CD) without biopsies in patients with immunoglobulin A (IgA)‐antibodies against tissue transglutaminase (TGA‐IgA) ≥ 10× the upper limit of normal (ULN) and positivity of endomysial antibodies in a second blood sample. Limited data exist comparing the biopsy versus the nonbiopsy diagnostic approach regarding long‐term outcomes in CD patients. Our study aimed to investigate the influence of the diagnostic approach on adherence to gluten‐free diet (GFD), serological remission (defined as normalization of TGA‐IgA during follow‐up (FU)) and clinical remission in CD patients with TGA‐IgA ≥ 10× ULN.MethodsRetrospective multicenter study. Patients with CD and TGA‐IgA ≥ 10× ULN at diagnosis were included in the study. Patients with confirmed diagnosis by biopsy were compared to patients diagnosed by nonbiopsy approach using univariate analysis, Kaplan–Meier survival curve, and logistic regression models.ResultsA total of 282 CD patients (192 [68.1%] in the biopsy group; 90 [31.9%] in the nonbiopsy group) were analyzed. The median time to normalization of TGA‐IgA was 16.5 months [interquartile range, IQR: 13, 28] in the biopsy and 15 months [IQR: 12, 26] in the nonbiopsy group; p = 0.14). Rates of normalized TGA‐IgA at first to third‐year FU were comparable between both groups. Adherence to GFD did not seem to be influenced by the diagnostic approach.ConclusionsThe nonbiopsy approach is not inferior to the biopsy approach in terms of adherence to GFD and serological remission in patients with CD.
A review on the biological and bioactive components of Cyperus esculentus L.: insight on food, health and nutrition
Authors: Edo Great Iruoghene , Samuel Princess Oghenekeno , Nwachukwu Susan Chinedu , Ikpekoro Victor Ovie , Promise Obasohan , Oghenegueke Ogheneochuko , Ongulu Jonathan , Otunuya Chinenye Favour , Rapheal Opiti Ajiri , Ajokpaoghene Mercy Orezimena , Okolie Michael Chukwuma , Ajakaye Ruth Sheyi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) is a small, tuberous root vegetable that has gained increasing attention in recent years due to its potential health benefits. This review article provides an elaborate overview of tiger nut, including its botany, historical uses, nutritional composition, potential health benefits and traditional medicinal uses. This review article comprehensively discusses the nutritional profile of tiger nut, providing a detailed understanding of its nutrient content. Furthermore, the potential health benefits of tiger nut are thoroughly reviewed, including its effects on digestive health, cardiovascular health, blood sugar control, immune function and other potential therapeutic uses. Scientific articles used for this review were retrieved from ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, PubMed and SciELO databases. Only articles published between 1997 and 2022 were used for research. This review contributes to a better understanding of tiger nut and its prospective uses in functional foods and medicine by combining the available scientific material. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Influence of regional and yearly weather patterns on multi‐mycotoxin occurrence in Austrian wheat: a liquid chromatographic–tandem mass spectrometric and multivariate statistics approach
Authors: Freitag Stephan , Sulyok Michael , Reiter Elisabeth , Lippl Maximilian , Mechtler Klemens , Krska Rudolf 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDMycotoxin surveys play an essential role in our food safety system. The obtained occurrence data form the basis for the assessment of the exposure of humans and animals to these toxic fungal secondary metabolites. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) has become the gold standard for mycotoxin determination because it enables selective and sensitive multi‐toxin analysis. Simultaneous determination of several hundreds of secondary fungal metabolites is feasible using this technique. In this study, we combined a targeted dilute‐and‐shoot LC‐MS/MS‐based multi‐analyte approach with multivariate statistics for the analysis of Austrian wheat from two different years and different geographical origins.RESULTSWe quantified 47 secondary fungal metabolites, including regulated emerging and masked mycotoxins. The resulting multi‐mycotoxin occurrence data were further analyzed using both multivariate and univariate statistics. Principal component analysis (PCA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) simultaneous component analysis (ASCA) were employed to identify regional and yearly trends within the dataset and to quantify the variance in metabolite occurrence attributed to the different effects. In addition, secondary fungal metabolites significantly impacted by these factors were selected via ANOVA. Of the 47 secondary metabolites identified, 39 were affected by the year, region or a combined effect. Moreover, our findings show that 43 of the secondary fungal metabolites were significantly influenced by the weather conditions.CONCLUSIONThe results presented in this study underline the added value of combining targeted LC‐MS/MS with multivariate statistics for monitoring a broad spectrum of secondary fungal metabolites in food crops. Through multivariate statistics, trends associated with the year or region can be readily studied. The approach presented could pave the way for a better understanding of the impact of climate change on plant pathogenic fungi and its implications for food safety. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Research on the toxic effects of polyacrylamide and cadmium on plants during soil utilization of municipal sludge
Authors: Cai Jinxing , Gao Shaomin , Wang Fang , Wang Ping , Song Zhenyu , Shao Chaofeng , Ju Meiting , Liu Jinpeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis research aimed to examine the compound effects of polyacrylamide (PAM) and cadmium (Cd) on plant growth subsequent to the mixing of municipal sludge with soil and to explore the potential ecological risks associated with the use of sludge. A pot experiment was performed wherein four gradients (0, 5, 15, and 20 g/[kg dry sludge]) were established corresponding to different PAM concentrations to assess the effects on the physiological and biochemical parameters of Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis Makino and Brassica campestris L. and the effects on Cd and PAM concentrations in soil. The findings indicated that the biomass of both plants increased when the total PAM concentration ranged from 5 g to 15 g/(kg dry sludge). Concurrently, polyacrylamide (PAM) downplayed the uptake of Cd by the plants, reduced phytotoxicity, and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in the roots. However, the biomass of Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis Makino and Brassica campestris L. decreased significantly when the total PAM concentration was exceeded 15 g/(kg dry sludge), and the toxic effect of Cd on pants was enhanced to some extent. Especially when the PAM concentration was 20 g/(kg dry sludge), apparent cell damage was observed in root cells. It was further noted that Brassica campestris L. portrayed a higher tolerance towards higher proportions of sludge compared with Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis Makino. Sludge holds a wider scale of applicability in landscaping than in agriculture. A fusion of polyacrylamide (PAM) and antioxidant enzymes could potentially counteract the effects of Cd within a specific concentration range, serving as a defense mechanism against stress. The data obtained from this study are crucial for unraveling anti‐stress responses and detoxification mechanisms employed by different plant species under the influence of factors such as PAM, Cd, and others, thus providing novel insights into research related to land use involving sludges.
Strengthening‐Durable Trade‐Off and Self‐Healing, Recyclable Shape Memory Polyurethanes Enabled by Dynamic Boron–Urethane Bonds
Authors: Zhang Qingxiang , Yang Jing , Cao Pengrui , Gong Junhui , Tang Zhangzhang , Zhou Kai , Luo Heming , Zhang Xinrui , Wang Tingmei , Chen Shoubing , Pei Xianqiang , Wang Qihua , Zhang Yaoming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAddressing the demand for integrating strength and durability reinforcement in shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) for diverse applications remains a significant challenge. Here a series of SMPUs with ultra‐high strength, self‐healing and recyclability, and excellent shape memory properties through introducing dynamic boron–urethane bonds are synthesized. The introducing of boric acid (BA) to polyurethane leading to the formation of dynamic covalent bonds (DCB) boron–urethane, that confer a robust cross‐linking structure on the SMPUs led to the formation of ordered stable hydrogen‐bonding network within the SMPUs. The flexible crosslinking with DCB represents a novel strategy for balancing the trade‐off between strength and durability, with their strengths reaching up to 82.2 MPa while also addressing the issue of durability in prolonged usage through the provision of self‐healing and recyclability. The self‐healing and recyclability of SMPU are demonstrated through rapid dynamic exchange reaction of boron–urethane bonds, systematically investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). This study sheds light on the essential role of such PU with self‐healing and recyclability, contributing to the extension of the PU's service life. The findings of this work provide a general strategy for overcoming traditional trade‐offs in preparing SMPUs with both high strength and good durability.
Dysregulated Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteome of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2 and its Clinical Implications
Authors: Stezin Albert , Sathe Gajanan J. , Gajbhiye Akshada , Bharadwaj Sujas , Ghose Vivek , Bellad Anikha , Malo Palash Kumar , Holla Vikram , Hegde Shantala , Bharath Rose Dawn , Saini Jitender , Jain Sanjeev , Yadav Ravi , Pandey Akhilesh , Pal Pramod Kumar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundAbnormalities in ataxin‐2 associated with spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) may lead to widespread disruptions in the proteome. This study was performed to identify dysregulated proteome in SCA2 and to explore its clinical‐radiological correlations.MethodsCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 21 genetically confirmed SCA2 were subjected to shotgun proteome analysis using mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass tag (TMT)‐based multiplexing. Proteins with at least 1.5‐fold change in abundance were identified. Their relative abundance was measured using parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) and correlated against disease‐related factors.ResultsEleven proteins were significantly upregulated in SCA2. They belonged to the family of cell adhesion molecules and granins. Their fold changes showed significant clinical, genetic, and radiological correlations.ConclusionsSignificant dysregulation of CSF proteome is seen in SCA2. The dysregulated protein may have potential use in clinical evaluation of patients with SCA2.
A comparison of methods for in vivo activity and absorbed dose quantification with PET/CT following yttrium‐90 radioembolization
Authors: Henry Eric Courtney , Mahvash Armeen , Lopez Benjamin P. , Kappadath Srinivas Cheenu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundYttrium‐90 (90Y) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging is increasingly being used to perform tumor (T) and normal liver (NL) voxel dosimetry after 90Y‐radioembolization (90Y‐RE). Yet, the accuracy of in vivo 90Y‐PET/CT imaging, subject to motion blur and co‐registration inaccuracies, and 90Y‐PET/CT dose quantification, subject to availability of different voxel dosimetry algorithms, are not well understood.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the accuracy of 90Y‐PET/CT‐based activity estimates following 90Y‐RE and characterize differences between 90Y‐PET/CT‐based voxel dosimetry algorithms.MethodsThirty‐five patients underwent 90Y‐PET/CT imaging after 90Y‐RE with TheraSphere. The net administered 90Y activity (Aadmin) was determined using a dose calibrator and pre‐ and post‐procedure exposure rate measurements. The summation of image‐based activity (Aimage) was extracted from perfused volume (PV) and 3D‐isotropically 2‐cm expanded PV contour (PV+2 cm). Absorbed doses were calculated using voxel S‐value (VSV), local deposition method (LDM), and LDM with known activity (LDMKA) dosimetry algorithms. Linear regression and Bland‐Altman analysis quantified the relationship between Aimage and Aadmin and between mean dose estimates (DLDM, DVSV, DLDM‐KA) for PV, T, and perfused NL volumes.ResultsWhile Aadmin and Aimage in PV were highly correlated (R2 > 0.95), the mean bias ± standard error (SE) and (95% limits of agreement, LOA) was significantly non‐zero with −22.7 ± 4.7% (± 28.4%). In PV+2 cm, the mean bias ± SE (± LOA) decreased to 1.3 ± 3.4% (± 18.0%) consistent with zero mean error. DLDM and DVSV were highly correlated (R2 > 0.99) for all volumes of interest (VOIs) and the mean bias ± SE (± LOA) was 2.2 ± 0.2% (± 1.0%), 0.7 ± 0.4% (± 2.8%), and 3.2 ± 0.5% (± 2.8%) for PV, T, and NL, respectively. DLDM‐KA and DVSV were correlated with R2 = 0.86, 0.80, and 0.86 for PV, T, and NL, respectively. The mean bias ± SE (± LOA) between DLDM‐KA and DVSV was significantly non‐zero with −19.6 ± 5.1% (± 31.0%), −20.8 ± 4.4% (± 29.0%), and −18.1 ± 5.3% (± 31.1%) for PV, T, and NL, respectively.ConclusionsThe summation of Aimage in PV was underestimated relative to Aadmin. Only by accounting for respiratory motion, limited spatial resolution, and PET/CT co‐registration errors through VOI expansion was Aimage, on average, equal to Aadmin. The differences between DLDM and DVSV were not clinically relevant, though DLDM‐KA was approximately 20% greater than DVSV. Given the high quantitative accuracy of dose calibrators and challenges associated with accurate 90Y‐PET/CT quantification, LDMKA is the preferred algorithm for accurate 90Y‐PET/CT‐based dosimetry following 90Y‐RE.
A machine learning‐based approach to predict energy layer for each field in spot‐scanning proton arc therapy for lung cancer: A feasibility study
Authors: Ma Yuanyuan , Li Yazhou , Xu Penghui , Zhang Hui , Zhang Xinyang , Liu Xinguo , Li Qiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundDetermining the optimal energy layer (EL) for each field, under considering both dose constraints and delivery efficiency, is crucial to promoting the development of proton arc therapy (PAT) technology.PurposeThis study aimed to explore the feasibility and potential clinical benefits of utilizing machine learning (ML) technique to automatically select EL for each field in PAT plans of lung cancer.MethodsProton Bragg peak position (BPP) was employed to characterize EL. The ground truth BPPs for each field were determined using the modified ELO‐SPAT framework. Features in geometric, water‐equivalent thicknesses (WET) and beamlet were defined and extracted. By analyzing the relationship between the extracted features and ground truth, a polynomial regression model with L2‐norm regularization (Ridge regression) was constructed and trained. The performance of the regression model was reported as an error between the predictions and the ground truth. Besides, the predictions were used to make PAT plans (PAT_PRED). These plans were compared with those using the ground truth BPPs (PAT_TRUTH) and the mid‐WET of the target volumes (PAT_MID) in terms of relative biological effectiveness‐weighted dose (RWD) distributions. One hundred ten patients with lung cancer, a total of 7920 samples, were enrolled retrospectively, with 5940 cases randomly selected as the training set and the remaining 1980 cases as the testing set. Nine patients (648 samples) were collected additionally to evaluate the regression model in terms of plan quality and robustness.ResultsWith regard to the prediction errors, the root mean squared errors and mean absolute errors between the ML‐predicted and ground truth BPPs for the testing set were 9.165 and 6.572 mm, respectively, indicating differences of approximately two to three ELs. As for plan quality, the PAT_TRUTH and PAT_PRED plans performed similarly in terms of plan robustness, target coverage and organs at risk (OARs) protection, with differences smaller than 0.5 Gy(RBE). This trend was also observed for dose conformity and uniformity. The PAT_MID plans produced the lowest robustness index and lowest doses to OARs, along with the highest heterogeneity index, indicating better protection for OARs, improved plan robustness, but compromised dose homogeneity. Additionally, for relatively small tumor sizes, the PAT_MID plan demonstrated a notably poor dose conformity index.ConclusionsWithin this cohort under investigation, our study demonstrated the feasibility of using ML technique to predict ELs for each field, offering a fast (within 2 s) and memory‐efficient reduced way to select ELs for PAT plan.
Der Weg zur Scandium‐45‐Kernuhr
Authors: Röhlsberger Ralf , Evers Jörg , Kocharovskaya Olga , Shvyd'ko Yuri 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungDie resonante Anregung der 45Scandium‐Kernresonanz und die präzise Messung ihrer Energie eröffnen neue Möglichkeiten für Anwendungen in der Ultrapräzisions‐Röntgenspektroskopie bis hin zur Entwicklung einer Kernuhr. Damit kann zum Beispiel die Gravitationsrotverschiebung erstmals auf sehr kurzen Längenskalen überprüft werden. Darüber hinaus demonstriert dieses Experiment das große Potenzial von Self‐Seeding‐Röntgenlasern mit hoher Pulsrate als vielversprechende Plattform für die Spektroskopie von extrem schmalbandigen Kernresonanzen. Die nächsten Schritte in Richtung einer Kernuhr auf der Basis von 45Scandium erfordern eine weitere Erhöhung des spektralen Photonenflusses unter Verwendung verbesserter Röntgenlaserquellen bei 12,4 keV und die Entwicklung von Frequenzkämmen, die bis zu dieser Energie reichen.
A fungal pathogen secretes a cell wall‐associated β‐N‐acetylhexosaminidase that is co‐expressed with chitinases to contribute to infection of insects
Authors: Lu Zhuoyue , Zhu Qiankuan , Bai Yuting , Zhao Xin , Wang Huifang , Peng Xinxin , Luo Zhibing , Zhang Yongjun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDβ‐N‐acetylhexosaminidases (HEXs) are widely distributed in fungi and involved in cell wall chitin metabolism and utilization of chitin‐containing substrates. However, details of the fungal pathogens‐derived HEXs in the interaction with their hosts remain limited.RESULTSAn insect nutrients‐induced β‐N‐acetylhexosaminidase, BbHex1, was identified from the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, which was involved in cell wall modification and degradation of insect cuticle. BbHex1 was localized to cell wall and secreted, and displayed enzyme activity to degrade the chitinase‐hydrolyzed product (GlcNAc)2. Disruption of BbHex1 resulted in a significant decrease in the level of cell wall chitin in the presence of insect nutrients and during infection of insects, with impaired ability to penetrate insect cuticle, accompanying downregulated cell wall metabolism‐involved and cuticle‐degrading chitinase genes. However, the opposite phenotypes were examined in the gene overexpression strain. Distinctly altered cell wall structures caused by BbHex1 mutation and overexpression led to the easy activation and evasion (respectively) of insect immune response during fungal infection. As a result, BbHex1 contributed to fungal virulence. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that promoters of some co‐expressed chitinase genes with the BbHex1 promoter shared conserved transcription factors Skn7, Msn2 and Ste12, and CreA‐binding motifs, implying co‐regulation of those genes with BbHex1.CONCLUSIONThese data support a mechanism that the fungal pathogen specifically expresses BbHex1, which is co‐expressed with chitinases to modify cell wall for evasion of insect immune recognition and to degrade insect cuticle, and contributes to the fungal virulence against insects. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Quasi‐majority functional voting on expander graphs
Authors: Shimizu Nobutaka , Shiraga Takeharu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractConsider an ‐vertex graph where each vertex holds one of two distinct opinions. We are interested in the consensus time of synchronous voting processes, where each vertex is allowed to update its opinion according to a predefined commonly local updating rule. This article proposes a general class of voting processes called quasi‐majority functional voting and gives upper and lower bounds of the consensus time. Our results cover many previous results on specific processes, for example, best‐of‐two (a.k.a. 2Choices) and best‐of‐three (a.k.a. 3Majority), as special cases. Our key ingredient is a nonlinear extension of the expander mixing lemma, which enables us to estimate expected and variance changes in opinions of quasi‐majority functional voting on expander graphs.
Fingerprint profile analysis of hirudo polypeptide based on UHPLC–MS and its application
Authors: Song Hongwei , Sun Hui , Fang Heng , Yang Le , Zhao Qiqi , Sun Ye , Yan Guangli , Han Ying , Wang Xijun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHirudo is a medicinal and edible homologous animal. Its rich polypeptides have been proven to have strong biological activity and effects on human health or disease. However, the quality control of hirudo can still be improved. Based on the traditional scientific understanding of oral hirudo administration, this study adopted artificial gastric‐juice extraction combined with pepsin enzymolysis to simulate the digestion and absorption of gastrointestinal tract after taking hirudo. Ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry technology was initially used to screen and characterize 52 enzymolysis components of hirudo. The fingerprint of hirudo enzymolysis polypeptide was then established. The method was confirmed to have high accuracy, repeatability, and stability. Using the established hirudo enzymolysis polypeptide fingerprint, we proved that it can effectively identify different origins of hirudo. The established fingerprint revealed that 19 enzymolysis polypeptides derived from hirudo in the Qizhi capsule, indicating that it can promote and improve the quality control of Qizhi capsule. The present study provided a new technology and idea for the origin identification and quality control of hirudo, and standards for Chinese patent medicines containing hirudo. It can also serve as a reference for the quality control of other animal‐origin drugs or foods.
Fatigue life prediction method for reinforced concrete deck slabs subjected to repeated moving wheel loads and failing in shear
Authors: Kongwang Nuttapong , Takeda Kyoko , Sato Yasuhiko , Pheinsusom Phoonsak 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs bridge deck slabs experience the direct impact of repeated concentrated wheel loads, they are more susceptible to fatigue‐related damage than other bridge components. In this context, a fatigue life prediction method for reinforced concrete (RC) bridge decks has been developed based on failure mechanisms of RC slabs tested under moving wheel loads. Initially, the formulas encompassed shear strength and S–N equations, accommodating variations in environmental and support conditions, are proposed to facilitate the fatigue life prediction of slabs exposed to constant moving wheel load. Subsequently, a model for shear strength degradation formulated using experimental findings on beam‐like elements is utilized in predicting the fatigue life of slabs subjected to stepwise moving wheel loads. The validity of the proposed method was established by comparing its results with previous experimental data. Notably, compared with the existing prediction equation, the proposed method exhibited more accurate fatigue life prediction results.