bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash Geopolymer with Macadamia Nutshell
Aggregates
Authors: Wattanasiriwech Suthee , Naratha Chalermphan , Wattanasiriwech Darunee 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
Macadamia nuts find widespread use in cuisine, cosmetics,
and healthcare products, leaving behind a substantial amount of nutshell residue posthulling. Capitalizing on the remarkable compressive strength inherent in macadamia
nutshell (MS) compared to other plant shells, this study investigates the utilization of
MS as a partial aggregate replacement in fly ash-based geopolymer composites for
sustainable construction applications, highlighting the need to optimize the content
for balanced mechanical properties.

Methods:
The effects of MS content (0%, 20%, 25%, and 30%) on the mechanical
properties (compressive and flexural strength), density, water absorption, and thermal
resistance of the composites were evaluated. Results indicated that the compressive
and flexural strength of plain geopolymer increased with rising NaOH concentrations.

Result:
However, an increase in MS content led to a decline in the flexural strength of
the composites due to the brittle nature of the aggregate. Conversely, the compressive
strength of 20% MS mix displayed a similar trend to plain geopolymer, while 25%
and 30% MS mixes exhibited an inferior trend. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the adhesion between geopolymer and MS resulted from a physical interlocking mechanism. While the compressive strength of plain geopolymer improved
after heat treatment at 400°C, a noticeable deterioration was observed in the composites with MS aggregate.

Conclusion:
Notably, 20% MS and 25% MS mixes (at 4M and 6M) demonstrated
suitable compressive strength (16.54-22.50 MPa) and density (1.20-1.26 g/cm3
) to
serve as load-bearing components in accordance with ASTM C90 standard.
An Extensive Analysis of Contemporary Studies Forensics Sciences in India
Authors: Jonnalagadda Varsha Sri , Gundu Srinivasa Rao , Panem Charanarur 
Published: June 2024

:
Forensic science in India has evolved over 100 years, with the first official laboratory
being the Calcutta Forensic Science Laboratory in Kolkata founded in 1952. Modernization has
led to the establishment of numerous central, state, and regional forensic laboratories and advancements
in technology such as DNA profiling, pathology, forensic toxicology, and forensic
anthropology. As the need for forensic education in India increases, educational institutions and
universities have started offering forensic science as a subject. India has collaborated with international
forensic organizations to stay updated on global developments. Contemporary studies
in forensic sciences are crucial for adapting to technological advancements, addressing emerging
crimes, improving DNA analysis, promoting interdisciplinary approaches, and maintaining quality
assurance and standards. Forensic science plays a significant role in the humanitarian efforts,
including the identification of missing people and victims of mass disasters. Advanced imaging
techniques are crucial in forensic investigations. Indian forensic science education is divided into
undergraduate and postgraduate programs, offering bachelor's degrees and specialized courses in
areas like forensic toxicology, DNA analysis, and digital forensics.
A Theory and Evidence-Informed e-Cycling Intervention for Individuals Diagnosed With Cancer: Development Study
Authors: Bourne Jessica E , Kelly Paul , Armstrong Miranda E G 
Published: June 2024

Background
Physical activity engagement following a cancer diagnosis is positively associated with survival, reduced risk of disease recurrence, and reduced cancer-specific and all-cause mortality. However, rates of physical activity engagement are low among individuals diagnosed with and being treated for breast cancer or prostate cancer.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to describe the systematic process of developing an e-cycling intervention aimed at increasing physical activity among individuals living with prostate cancer or breast cancer and outline the key components to be implemented.

Methods
The Medical Research Council guidance for developing complex interventions and the Behaviour Change Wheel were used to guide intervention development. Information was gathered from the literature and through discussions with end users to understand factors influencing e-cycling. These factors were mapped onto the Theoretical Domains Framework to identify potential mechanisms of action. Behavior change techniques were selected from theory and evidence to develop intervention content. Interested parties, including cycling instructors, end users, and behavior change experts, reviewed and refined the intervention.

Results
Anticipated barriers and facilitators to e-cycling engagement were mapped onto 11 of the 14 domains of the Theoretical Domains Framework. A total of 23 behavior change techniques were selected to target these domains over 4 one-to-one e-cycling sessions delivered by trained cycling instructors in the community. Cycling instructors were provided a 3-hour classroom training session on delivering the intervention and a 3-hour practical session with feedback. The outcome of this work is a theory and evidence-informed intervention aimed at promoting e-cycling behavior among individuals being treated for breast cancer or prostate cancer, which is currently being implemented and evaluated.

Conclusions
Transparent intervention development and reporting of content is important for comprehensively examining intervention implementation. The implementation of this intervention package is currently being evaluated in a pilot randomized controlled trial. If the intervention is found to be effective and the content and delivery are acceptable, this intervention will form a basis for the development of e-cycling interventions in other survivors of cancer.

Trial Registration
ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN39112034 https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN39112034; and IRSCTN Registry ISRCTN42852156;
https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN42852156
Machine Learning–Based Prediction of Substance Use in Adolescents in Three Independent Worldwide Cohorts: Algorithm Development and Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Kim Soeun , Kim Hyejun , Kim Seokjun , Lee Hojae , Hammoodi Ahmed , Choi Yujin , Kim Hyeon Jin , Smith Lee , Kim Min Seo , Fond Guillaume , Boyer Laurent , Baik Sung Wook , Lee Hayeon , Park Jaeyu , Kwon Rosie , Woo Selin , Yon Dong Keon 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

To address gaps in global understanding of cultural and social variations, this study used a high-performance machine learning (ML) model to predict adolescent substance use across three national datasets.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to develop a generalizable predictive model for adolescent substance use using multinational datasets and ML.

METHODS

The study used the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey (KYRBS) from South Korea (n=1,098,641) to train ML models. For external validation, we used the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) from the United States (n=2,511,916) and Norwegian nationwide Ungdata surveys (Ungdata) from Norway (n=700,660). After developing various ML models, we evaluated the final model’s performance using multiple metrics. We also assessed feature importance using traditional methods and further analyzed variable contributions through SHapley Additive exPlanation values.

RESULTS

The study used nationwide adolescent datasets for ML model development and validation, analyzing data from 1,098,641 KYRBS adolescents, 2,511,916 YRBS participants, and 700,660 from Ungdata. The XGBoost model was the top performer on the KYRBS, achieving an area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) score of 80.61% (95% CI 79.63-81.59) and precision of 30.42 (95% CI 28.65-32.16) with detailed analysis on sensitivity of 31.30 (95% CI 29.47-33.20), specificity of 99.16 (95% CI 99.12-99.20), accuracy of 98.36 (95% CI 98.31-98.42), balanced accuracy of 65.23 (95% CI 64.31-66.17), <i>F</i><sub>1</sub>-score of 30.85 (95% CI 29.25-32.51), and area under precision-recall curve of 32.14 (95% CI 30.34-33.95). The model achieved an AUROC score of 79.30% and a precision of 68.37% on the YRBS dataset, while in external validation using the Ungdata dataset, it recorded an AUROC score of 76.39% and a precision of 12.74%. Feature importance and SHapley Additive exPlanation value analyses identified smoking status, BMI, suicidal ideation, alcohol consumption, and feelings of sadness and despair as key contributors to the risk of substance use, with smoking status emerging as the most influential factor.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on multinational datasets from South Korea, the United States, and Norway, this study shows the potential of ML models, particularly the XGBoost model, in predicting adolescent substance use. These findings provide a solid basis for future research exploring additional influencing factors or developing targeted intervention strategies.
Specificity of small-format text of English educational discourse
Authors: Яковлева Е.В. 
Published: June 2024

Целью настоящего исследования является анализ малоформатных текстов (МФТ), используемых в учебных пособиях “English Unlimited” (Elementary, Intermediate, Advanced), репрезентирующих современный англоязычный образовательный дискурс. Основными методами исследования послужили анализ лингвистической литературы, метод контент анализа, а также качественный сравнительный анализ. Текстовый компонент учебника рассматривается в статье в качестве образовательного дискурса, существующего в контексте академического общения. В работе также рассматриваются особенности малоформатных текстов, осуществляется их систематизация, а также описываются их основные характеристики. Анализ малоформатных текстов учебника “English Unlimited” показал, что они в образовательном дискурсе связаны с деятельностью человека, его чертами характера, профессиональными сферами, знаниями и интеграцией информационных технологий в жизнь человека. В работе также отмечается, что малоформатные тексты, характеризующиеся интертекстуальностью, представляют собой ситуации, рассказы, статьи, диалоги, аннотации, обзоры блогеров и монологи.
The purpose of this study is to analyze small format texts used in the coursebook “English Unlimited” (Elementary, Intermediate, Advanced) that represent modern English-language educational discourse. The main methods of the research were the analysis of linguistic literature, the method of content analysis, as well as the qualitative comparative analysis. The text component in the coursebook is considered in the paper as an educational discourse existing in the context of academic communication. The paper also considers some features of small-format texts, their systematization is carried out, and their main characteristics are described. The analysis of small-format texts of the textbook ‘English Unlimited’ showed that they were related in the educational discourse to human activities, character traits, professional spheres, knowledge and integration of information technologies into human life. The author also finds that small-format texts characterized by intertextuality are situations, stories, articles, dialogues, abstracts, bloggers' reviews and monologues.
Cultivating value attitude to moral standards in adolescent martial arts athletes (by the example of sambo and judo): diagnostic issues
Authors: Береснева М.Л. , Варфоломеева З.С. 
Published: June 2024

Авторы рассматривают проблему, актуальность которой возрастает в связи с необходимостью усиления воспитательной и образовательной составляющих в системе детско-юношеского спорта. В статье приведено описание хода и результатов исследования, нацеленного на обоснование, разработку и опытную проверку диагностического обеспечения процесса воспитания ценностного отношения к моральным нормам у спортсменов-единоборцев подросткового возраста. В качестве моральных норм, значимых для спортивной деятельности подростков, выделены моральные нормы «честная игра» и «патриотизм». Установлено, что предложенное диагностическое обеспечение является пригодным для определения ценностного отношения к рассматриваемым моральным нормам у начинающих спортсменов, а уровень его сформированности в группе подростков, занимающихся самбо и дзюдо, является недостаточным.
The authors consider the problem, the relevance of which is increasing due to the need to strengthen the educational components in the system of children's and youth sports. The article describes the course and results of the research aimed at substantiating, developing and testing the diagnostic support for the process of cultivating value attitude to moral standards in adolescent martial arts athletes. The moral standards ‘fair play’ and ‘patriotism’ were identified as moral standards significant for the adolescents' sports activity. It has been established that the proposed diagnostic support is suitable for determining the value attitude to the considered moral standards in beginner athletes, while the level of its formation in the group of adolescents engaged in sambo and judo is insufficient.
Selection of optimal lags and estimation of parameters of a linear regression model with lagging variables
Authors: Носков С.И. , Попов Е.С. 
Published: June 2024

В статье дан краткий обзор работ по использованию запаздывающих (лаговых) переменных при моделировании сложных объектов. В частности, рассмотрены: смещение оценки метода наименьших квадратов регрессионной модели с лаговой зависимой переменной и автокоррелированными возмущениями; способ включения запаздывающих переменных в регрессионную модель с использованием пошаговой процедуры; решение проблемы параметрической идентификации в моделях дискретного выбора панельных данных, когда набор объясняющих переменных включает экзогенные переменные, лаги зависимой переменной, а также ненаблюдаемые индивидуальные эффекты. Разработана алгоритмическая схема выбора оптимальных временных лагов для независимых переменных и оценивания неизвестных параметров линейной регрессионной модели с запаздыванием. При выборе в качестве расстояния между векторами фактических и расчетных значений зависимой переменной манхэттенской метрики, соответствующей методу наименьших модулей, данный способ сводится к решению задачи линейно-булевого программирования приемлемой для практических ситуаций размерности. Построена регрессионная модель с запаздыванием для описания динамики количества дорожно-транспортных происшествий, которая обладает меньшими ошибками аппроксимации по сравнению с обычной линейной моделью при использовании методов наименьших квадратов и модулей.
The paper provides a brief overview of works on the use of lagging variables in modeling complex objects. In particular, the following are considered: bias in the least squares estimation of a regression model with a lagged dependent variable and autocorrelated disturbances; a method for including lagged variables in a regression model using a stepwise procedure; solving the problem of parametric identification in discrete choice models of panel data, when the set of explanatory variables includes exogenous variables, lags of the dependent variable, as well as unobserved individual effects. An algorithmic scheme has been developed for selecting optimal time lags for independent variables and estimating unknown parameters of a linear regression model with a lag. When choosing the Manhattan metric corresponding to the method of least moduli as the distance between the vectors of actual and calculated values of the dependent variable, this method is reduced to solving a linear-Boolean programming problem of a dimension acceptable for practical situations. A regression model with lag was developed to describe the dynamics of the number of road accidents, which has smaller approximation errors than the usual linear model when using least squares and moduli methods.
BENTUK DAUN DAN TINGKAT PRODUKTIVITASNYA PADA KACANG TUNGGAK (Vigna unguiculata L.)
Authors: Muzaiyanah Siti , Trustinah Trustinah , Wungkana Jerry 
Published: June 2024

Tingkat produktivitas kacang tunggak ditentukan oleh proses fotosintesis pada daun tanaman dan fotosintat yang dihasilkannya. Sebagai organ tanaman yang utama dan merupakan source, daun menjadi bagian yang paling penting dalam meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman. Kacang tunggak mempunyai macam bentuk daun antara lain: segitiga, trullate sempit, trullate sedang, bulat telur (ovate) dan hastate-lanset Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh bentuk daun terhadap produktivitas kacang tunggak. Percobaan disusun menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok satu faktor dengan bentuk daun sebagai perlakuan dan diulang sebanyak enam kali. Bentuk daun yang diuji ada empat macam, yaitu: Bentuk ovate/bulat telur, yang diwakili oleh varietas KT 4, bentuk lanset yang diwakili oleh varietas KT 5, bentuk trullate sempit yang diwakili oleh galur KT5/1716 (F1), dan bentuk trullate lebar yang diwakili oleh galur KT4/KT5 (F1). Tipe bentuk daun kacang tunggak mempengaruhi bobot biji per tanaman. Tipe lanset mempunyai bobot paling tinggi diikuti ovate dan trullate. Bentuk daun tipe trullate cenderung mempunyai bobot biji lebih rendah dibandingkan bentuk daun ovate dan lanset..
IDENTIFIKASI KONTAMINASI KULTUR JARINGAN PISANG CAVENDISH
Authors: Sulichantini Ellok Dwi , Nazari Alvera Prihatini Dewi , Nuanyah Achmad 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRAK Pisang Cavendish merupakan pisang yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Perbanyakan secara kultur jaringan diharapkan dapat membantu penyediaan pisang berkualitas di pasaran. Salah satu penghambat perbanyakan dalam jaringan kultur adalah kontaminasi sehingga pengetahuan tentang teknik sterilisasi dan penyebab kontaminasi perlu dilakukan. Penelitian ditujukan untuk mengetahui penyebab kontaminasi pada jaringan pisang Cavendish. Penelitian merupakan percobaan faktorial 3 x 3, disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan ulangan lima kali. Sterilisasi sumber eksplan di lapangan dilakukan dengan fungisida dan bakterisida. Sterilisasi di luar laminar menggunakan detergen, sedangkan sterilisasi didalam laminar menggunakan NaOCl dan penambahan perlakuan asam sitrat,-1 . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlindungan yang disebabkan oleh jamur dan bakteri. Jenis bakteri yang menyerang adalah Aspergillus sp., Colletrichum sp., Rhizoctonia sp. dan Rhizopus sp. Bakteri yang menyerang semua kultur termasuk dalam golongan bakteri gram positif. Kontaminasi terendah ditemukan pada perlakuan asam sitrat 2 mgL -1 .Kata kunci: Asam askorbat, Asam sitrat, Kontaminasi, Kultur jaringan, Pisang Cavendish.
EFEKTIVITAS EKTRAK Biji Annona muricata dan Schleicera oleosa TERHADAP MORTALITAS IMAGO Callosobruchus maculatus Fabrichus
Authors: Bria Fransiska Paskalia , Nenotek Petronella Syahyanti , Kleden Yasintha Letak , Mudita I Wayan , Gandut Yosefina Rofina Yuliaty , Ludji Rika , Nahas Agustina E. 
Published: June 2024

Callosobruchus maculatus merupakan salah satu hama pascapenan pada biji kacang hijau. Aktivitas makan dari hama ini menyebabkan menurunnya kualitas dan kuantitas biji kacang hijau. Pengendalian dengan fumigant insektisida nabati dapat menyebabkan residu pada biji kacang hijau dan menghambat perkecambahan biji kacang hijau pada saat tanam. Oleh karena diperlukan teknologi pengendalian yang ramah lingkungan, salah satunya adalah menggunakan insektisida nabati dari biji Annona muricata dan Schleicera oleosa. Kandidat insektisida nabati dari dua tumbuhan asal Pulau Timor belum pernah diuji. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan penelitian dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ektrak biji A. muricata dan S. oleosa terhadap mortalitas imago C. maculatus. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Hama Tumbuhan. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Perlakuan menggunakan metode kontak yaitu residu pada permukaan cawan. Setiap perlakuan terdiri dari lima konsentrasi yaitu 0,06%; 0,125%, 0,25%; 0,5%; 1 %; dan kontrol. Setiap perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Pada setiap ulangan diinfestasi dengan 10 pasang imago C. maculatus. Varieable pengamatan adalah mortalitas dan gejala kematian. Data mortalitas dihitung 24 Jam Setelah Perlakuan (JPS) sampai dengan 72 JPS. Data mortalitas dianalisis menggunakan program POLO PC. Ekstrak biji A. muricata dan S. oleosa menyebabkan kematian imago C. maculatus. Kematian imago C. maculatus yang diberi dengan ekstrak biji sirsak sebesar 96,66% pada konsentrasi tertinggi (1%). Sedangkan pada ekstrak biji kusambi pada konsentrasi yang sama mortalitas sebesar 88,33%. Hasil analisis probit menunjukan bahwa nilai LC50 dan LC95 ekstrak biji sirsak terhadap imago C. maculatus sebesar 0,10% dan 0,81%,sedangkan untuk esktrak biji kusambi LC50 dan LC95 sebesar 0,12% dan 1,50%. Dengan demikian ekstrak biji A. muricata dan S. oleosa asal daerah lahan kering di Pulau Timor memiliki potensi untuk dikembangakan sebagai insektisida nabati
RESPIRASI DAN BIOMASSA KARBON MIKROORGANISME (C-MIK) TANAH AKIBAT SISTEM OLAH TANAH DAN PEMUPUKAN PADA TANAMAN KACANG HIJAU (Vigna radiata L.) MUSIM TANAM KE-8
Authors: Aisah Nuki , Aini Septi Nurul , Dermiyati Dermiyati , Arif M. A. Syamsul , Setiawati Astriana Rahmi , Prasetyo Dedy , Lumbanraja Jamalam 
Published: June 2024

Produksi kacang hijau di provinsi Lampung mengalami penurunan. Penurunan produksi kacang hijau ini disebabkan karena tingkat kesuburan tanah yang rendah. Upaya untuk meningkatkan kesuburan tanah yang rendah dilakukan dengan pengolahan tanah dan pemupukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari pengaruh sistem olah tanah dan pemupukan terhadap respirasi dan biomassa karbon mikroorganisme tanah (C-mik). Penelitian ini dirancang dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang disusun secara faktorial (2×2) dengan 4 kelompok. Faktor pertama adalah perlakuan sistem olah tanah (T) yaitu T1 = olah tanah minimum, dan T2 = olah tanah intensif. Faktor kedua dalam penelitian ini adalah pemupukan (P) yaitu P0 = tanpa pemupukan dan P1 = Pemupukan kotoran ayam 1.000 kg ha-1 + NPK majemuk (16:16:16) 200 kg ha-1. Pengamatan dilakukan sebanyak 4 kali pengamatan yaitu 0, 7, 30, dan 60 HST (hari setelah tanam). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan analisis ragam pada taraf 5% yang terlebih dahulu diuji homogenitas ragamnya dengan menggunakan Uji Bartlett dan additivitasnya diuji dengan Uji Tukey. Data diuji lanjut menggunakan uji BNT taraf 5 %. Uji korelasi dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara variabel pendukung dan variabel utama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa respirasi tanah lebih tinggi pada perlakuan olah tanah intensif daripada perlakuan olah tanah minimum pada pengamatan 7 dan 30 HST. Begitu juga biomassa C-mik tanah lebih tinggi pada perlakuan olah tanah intensif daripada perlakuan olah tanah minimum pada pengamatan 30 dan 60 HST. Perlakuan pemupukan tidak berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan respirasi tanah dan biomassa C-mik. Interaksi perlakuan olah tanah intensif + tanpa pemupukan berpengaruh nyata dalam meningatkan biomassa C-mik pada pengamatan 7 HST. Terdapat korelasi positif antara C-organik dengan respirasi tanah pada pengamatan 30 HST dan pH tanah dengan biomassa C-mik tanah pada pengamatan 0 HST.