bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Interventions Designed to Modify and Maintain Perceptual Abilities in People With Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias
Authors: Letts Lori , Minezes Jacqueline , Edwards Mary , Berenyi Julie , Moros Kathy , O’Neill Colleen , O’Toole Colleen 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
An evidence-based review was undertaken to answer the question, “What is the evidence for the effect of interventions designed to modify and maintain perceptual abilities on the occupational performance of people with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias?” A systematic search of electronic databases and application of inclusion and exclusion criteria guided the selection of 31 articles. Each article was critically appraised, and the evidence was synthesized. Some interventions use remaining perceptual abilities to enable people to find their way in a facility and decrease attempts at exiting. Preliminary evidence has supported use of visual stimulation and barriers. We found some evidence for the use of auditory stimuli and group therapy that aim to change perceptual abilities. Research with high-level evidence is required to validate these findings. Evidence on the benefits of Snoezelen® is not conclusive for occupational performance outcomes; further research to justify its use as an occupational therapy intervention may be warranted.
Effectiveness of Interventions Designed to Modify the Activity Demands of the Occupations of Self-Care and Leisure for People With Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias
Authors: Padilla René 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
A systematic review of evidence for the effectiveness of modification of activity demands in the care of people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was conducted as part of the American Occupational Therapy Association’s Evidence-Based Literature Review Project. The review included 10 articles addressing occupations of self-care and leisure. No reports related to work and social participation were located. Results suggest that evidence for this intervention’s effectiveness is strong. Four practice principles were derived from this appraisal: (1) Occupational therapy programs should be individualized to elicit the person’s highest level of retained skill and interest, (2) cues used while assisting people with AD to complete tasks should be short and provide clear direction, (3) compensatory strategies in the form of environmental modifications and simple adaptive equipment should be specifically implemented on the basis of the unique needs of the person, and (4) caregiver training and involvement are essential in implementing individualized programs.
Effectiveness of Interventions to Prevent Falls in People With Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias
Authors: Jensen Lou E. , Padilla René 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
A systematic review was conducted to determine the effectiveness of interventions to prevent falls in people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias. Twelve research reports met inclusion criteria. Studies reported on three types of intervention: (1) exercise- and motor-based interventions, (2) nursing staff–directed interventions, and (3) multidisciplinary interventions. Strategies were offered as single or multifaceted intervention programs. All types of intervention resulted in benefit, although the evidence for effectiveness is tentative because of the studies’ limitations. More research is needed to better understand appropriate dosages of intervention. No evidence was found for the effectiveness of prevention programs accessed as part of occasional respite care. Occupational therapy was seldom involved in the interventions researched. Because effective fall prevention programs are embedded in people’s daily routines and encouraged participation in occupation, the contribution occupational therapy practitioners can make to the care of people with AD has yet to be fully realized.
Rigid Iris-Fixated Phakic Lens Implantation for High Myopia: Novel Trapezoidal Corneal versus Scleral Incisions
Authors: Wang Kai Jie , Wang Ning Li , Zhang Feng Ju , Zhu Si Quan 
Published: September 2011

Purpose To compare refractive performance of implantation of an iris-fixated phakic intraocular lens (PIOL) through a novel trapezoidal corneal and a scleral tunnel incision. Methods Sixty-nine eyes selected to undergo PIOL implantation were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: 5.2-mm trapezoidal corneal incision (TCI), 34 eyes; 5.2-mm scleral tunnel incision (STI), 35 eyes. Visual acuity, refraction, corneal astigmatism, tonometry, and endothelial cell density were recorded preoperatively and postoperatively. Surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) was calculated using vector analysis. Results No intraoperative complications were noted. One day after surgery, the quantity of cells in the anterior chamber was significantly lower in TCI group than in STI group (p=0.019). The percentage of eyes with uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) of ≥20/25 was 41.2% for TCI and 17.1% for STI; the difference was statistically significant (p=0.03), but not thereafter. The mean corneal astigmatism was significantly lower in the TCI group than in the STI group (p=0.01) 3 months postoperatively and subsequently. No significant between-group difference in SIA was found during the follow-up. There was no significant difference in best-corrected visual acuity and endothelial cell loss between groups, postoperatively. Conclusions The TCI and STI techniques are comparable in terms of safety and induction of astigmatism for the rigid iris-fixated PIOL implantation. However, the TCI is easy to perform and provides a faster visual recovery and lower postoperative corneal astigmatism compared with the STI.
Advances in Free Radical Reactions of Organoselenium and Organotellurium Compounds
Authors: David J. Press Thomas G. Back 
Published: September 2011

AbstractFree radical reactions of organoselenium and tellurium compounds have been widely studied and exploited since the first two volumes of this series appeared. Alkyl aryl selenides and tellurides undergo alkyl C‐Se or C‐Te cleavage with stannanes or silanes to generate alkyl radicals that can be employed in reductions, allylations and both intermolecular and intramolecular additions to a large variety of unsaturated substrates, terminated by either hydrogen or arylchalcogen transfer. Selenoesters, telluroesters and related species generate acyl radicals that are useful in overall decarboxylations of carboxylic acids, and in addition and radical cyclization processes, including cascade reactions of polyenes to afford polycyclic products. Homolytic cleavage of diselenides and ditellurides produces selenyl and telluryl radicals that can be employed in additions to unsaturated acceptors, while the dichalcogenides themselves function as effective trapping agents for radicals produced in a variety of other ways, as from Barton thiohydroxamates. Selenols are efficient hydrogen donors that are of importance in kinetic studies of radical processes. When selenium and tellurium are joined to other heteroatoms, the resulting reagents effect radical 1,2‐additions to unsaturated substrates, as in the case of selenosulfonation and azidoselenenylation reactions. Other radical processes include oxidations, SH2 substitutions, single electron transfers, extrusions and fragmentations, and reactions performed on solid supports. The synthetic utility of these processes, as well as mechanistic considerations are covered in this chapter.
Discontinuous Fiber Thermoplastic Composites: Void Formation During Melt Processing
Authors: Vaxman Anita , Narkis Moshe , Segmann Arnon , Kenig Samuel 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Voids in polymer composites may arise from various sources such as entrapped air within compounded pelletized material, moisture, volatiles evolved during cure, or residual solvents. Voids, or bubbles, are formed in short‐fiber thermoplastic composites because of entrapment of air in the compounding and melt flow processing steps and as a result of uneven shrinkage due to temperature gradients involved in the solidification step by cooling.
This article reviews theoretical and experimental studies dealing with void formation during melt flow compounding and processing of fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic composites. The mechanism of void formation during processing under various flow conditions and the methods used for the determination of void content in composites were reviewed. The mechanism of bubble formation in molten polymer is that of nucleation and growth by expansion in a viscous medium. Voids nucleate at fiber ends, and their content depends on the processing method and processing conditions, on fiber concentration, and on fiber length.
Does food intolerance play a role in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis?
Authors: Patel Nalin J. , Jenzarli Ali 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground:The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential role of food intolerances in the management of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP).Methods:This is a retrospective case review of 4 pediatric patients with RRP. All of the patients, cared for by the primary author between 2005 and 2010, were managed using microdebrider resection, intralesional injection of cidofovir, and required multiple surgeries. Skin prick test (SPT) and/or radioallergosorbent test (RAST) were obtained for 2 patients. Oral food challenge was utilized in all 4 patients.Results:Standard SPT and RAST did not identify any immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐based allergens. A detailed medical history followed by an oral food challenge was successful at identifying food intolerances in all 4 patients. When specific food elimination was implemented in these patients' treatments in addition to microdebrider resection and cidofovir injection, statistically significant long‐term remissions were achieved.Conclusion:Food intolerance and its impact on RRP and immune dysfunction deserve further investigation and may benefit some patients with RRP. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Functional Mixed Metal–Organic Frameworks with Metalloligands
Authors: Das Madhab C. , Xiang Shengchang , Zhang Zhangjing , Chen Banglin 
Published: September 2011

AbstractImmobilization of functional sites within metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is very important for their ability to recognize small molecules and thus for their functional properties. The metalloligand approach has enabled us to rationally immobilize a variety of different functional sites such as open metal sites, catalytic active metal sites, photoactive metal sites, chiral pore environments, and pores of tunable sizes and curvatures into mixed metal–organic frameworks (M′MOFs). In this Minireview, we highlight some important functional M′MOFs with metalloligands for gas storage and separation, enantioselective separation, heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis, sensing, and as photoactive and nanoscale drug delivery and biomedical imaging materials.
Optimized flurbiprofen cationic liposomes in situ gelling system of thermosensitive polymers for ocular delivery
Authors: He Ling , Xu Hongtao , Nie Shufang , Yang Xinggang , Yin Jian , Pan Weisan 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA Flurbiprofen (FP) cationic liposomes in situ gelling system (CLIGS) of thermosensitive polymers was proposed; we investigated its in vitro and in vivo properties, and its potential use in ocular drug delivery was evaluated. This system, optimized via center composite design, was conceived from a combination of polymer‐ and lipid‐based delivery systems. Therefore, the system could integrate the advantages of both cationic liposomes and in situ gels and further improve the poor stability of cationic liposomes. Cationic liposomes were characterized for their particle size, shape, entrapment efficiency, ζ potential, and photograph of transmission electron microscopy. The in vitro penetration capability and precorneal retention time of the FP CLIGS were evaluated by a vertical Franz‐type cell method and γ scintigaraphy, respectively. The FP CLIGS showed an improved stability during a 30‐day storage period over than of FP cationic liposomes. In conclusion, CLIGS serves as a means to overcome a major limitation of cationic liposomes with a prolonged precorneal retention time, enhanced stability, and convenient administration due to the modified gelatinization temperature; this justifies their use as a carrier adjuvant for ocular delivery behaviors. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
[Dye molecules/copper(II)/macroporous glutaraldehyde‐chitosan] microspheres complex: Surface characterization, kinetic, and thermodynamic investigations
Authors: Jabli Mahjoub , Baouab M. H. V. , Sintes‐Zydowicz N. , Hassine Bechir Ben 
Published: September 2011

AbstractChitosan microspheres loaded Cu(II) were prepared using a precipitation method and heterogeneously crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. The abilities of the binary [Cu(II)/Glut‐chitosan] system for binding two acid dyes, that is, Acid blue 25 (AB25) and Calmagite (Calma) were investigated. Sorption experiments were performed using a batch process at 25°C and indicate pH dependence. Evidence for the modification of the raw chitosan polymer was provided by Fourier transform infra red spectral study, thermogravimetry, differential thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy analysis. Data gleaned from the thermal analyses, showed that the modification of the polymer decreases the thermal stability of the prepared materials with respect to that of the native one. The effecting factors during dye adsorption have been also studied. Thermodynamic and kinetic experiments were undertaken to assess the capacity and the rate of dyes removal on the surface of [Cu(II)/Glut‐chitosan]. Experimental data were mathematically described using various kinetic models. The pseudo second‐order equation was shown to fit the adsorption kinetics. The interpretation of the equilibrium sorption data complies well with the Freundlich adsorption model. Thermodynamic results indicate that the adsorption follows an exothermic process. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
A new generation of sodium chloride porogen for tissue engineering
Authors: Tran Richard T. , Naseri Elhum , Kolasnikov Aleksey , Bai Xiaochun , Yang Jian 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPorogen leaching is a widely used and simple technique for the creation of porous scaffolds in tissue engineering. Sodium chloride (NaCl) is the most commonly used porogen, but the current grinding and sieving methods generate salt particles with huge size variations and cannot generate porogens in the submicron size range. We have developed a facile method based on the principles of crystallization to precisely control salt crystal sizes down to a few microns within a narrow size distribution. The resulting NaCl crystal size could be controlled through the solution concentration, crystallization temperature, and crystallization time. A reduction in solution temperature, longer crystallization times, and an increase in salt concentration resulted in an increase in NaCl crystal sizes due to the lowered solubility of the salt solution. The nucleation and crystallization technique provides superior control over the resulting NaCl size distribution (13.78 ± 1.18 μm), whereas the traditional grinding and sieving methods produced NaCl porogens 13.89 ± 12.49 μm in size. The resulting NaCl porogens were used to fabricate scaffolds with increased interconnectivity, porous microchanneled scaffolds, and multiphasic vascular grafts. This new generation of salt porogen provides great freedom in designing versatile scaffolds for various tissue‐engineering applications.
Revisions and Regret: The Cost of Changing your Mind
Authors: Kirkebøen Geir , Vasaasen Erik , Halvor Teigen Karl 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTDecision reversals often imply improved decisions. Yet, people show a strong resistance against changing their minds. These are well‐established findings, which suggest that changed decisions carry a subjective cost, perhaps by being more strongly regretted. Three studies were conducted to explore participants' regret when making reversible decisions and to test the hypothesis that changing one's mind will increase post‐outcome regret. The first two studies employed the Ultimatum game and the Trust game. The third study used a variant of the Monty Hall problem. All games were conducted by individual participants playing interactively against a computer. The outcomes were designed to capture a common characteristic of real‐life decisions: they varied from rather negative to fairly positive, and for every outcome, it was possible to imagine both more and less profitable outcomes. In all experiments, those who changed their minds reported much stronger post‐outcome regret than those who did not change, even if the final outcomes were equally good (Experiments 2 and 3) or better (Experiment 1).This finding was not because of individual differences with respect to gender, tendency to regret, or tendency to maximize. Previous studies have found that those who change from a correct to wrong option regret more than those who select a wrong option directly. This study indicates that this finding is a special case of a more general phenomenon: changing one's mind seems to come with a cost, even when one ends up with favorable outcomes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel bulking agent for faecal incontinence
Authors: Ratto C , Parello A , Donisi L , Litta F , De Simone V , Spazzafumo L , Giordano P 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background
Various injectable bulking agents have been used for the treatment of faecal incontinence (FI). However, encouraging early results are not maintained over time. This study aimed to assess short- and medium-term results of a new bulking agent for the treatment of FI.

Methods
The Gatekeeper™ prosthesis comprises a thin solid polyacrylonitrile cylinder that becomes thicker, shorter and softer within 24 h after implantation. Fourteen patients with FI underwent treatment with Gatekeeper™ under local anaesthesia. Four prostheses were implanted in the intersphincteric space in each patient, under endoanal ultrasound guidance. Number of episodes of major FI, Cleveland Clinic FI score (CCFIS), Vaizey score, anorectal manometry, endoanal ultrasonography (EUS), health status and quality of life (Short Form 36 and Faecal Incontinence Quality of Life questionnaires) were assessed before and after treatment.

Results
Mean(s.d.) follow-up was 33·5(12·4) months. There were no complications. There was a significant decrease in major FI episodes from 7·1(7·4) per week at baseline to 1·4(4·0), 1·0(3·2) and 0·4(0·6) per week respectively at 1-month, 3-month and last follow-up (P = 0·002). CCFIS improved significantly from 12·7(3·3) to 4·1(3·0), 3·9(2·6) and 5·1(3·0) respectively (P &lt; 0·001), and Vaizey score from 15·4(3·3) to 7·1(3·9), 4·7(3·0) and 6·9(5·0) respectively (P = 0·010). Soiling and ability to postpone defaecation improved significantly, and patients reported significant improvement in health status and quality of life. At follow-up, manometric parameters had not changed and EUS did not demonstrate any prosthesis dislocation.

Conclusion
The Gatekeeper™ anal implant seemed safe, reliable and effective. Initial clinical improvement was maintained over time, and follow-up data were encouraging.
Theoretical and Experimental Studies on the Carbon‐Nanotube Surface Oxidation by Nitric Acid: Interplay between Functionalization and Vacancy Enlargement
Authors: Gerber Iann , Oubenali Mustapha , Bacsa Revathi , Durand Jérôme , Gonçalves Alexandra , Pereira M. Fernando R. , Jolibois Franck , Perrin Lionel , Poteau Romuald , Serp Philippe 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe nitric acid oxidation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes leading to surface carboxylic groups has been investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The experimental results show that such a reaction involves the initial rapid formation of carbonyl groups, which are then transformed into phenol or carboxylic groups. At room temperature, this reaction takes place on the most reactive carbon atoms. At higher temperatures a different mechanism would operate, as evidenced by the difference in activation energies. Experimental data can be partially related to first‐principles calculations, showing a multistep functionalization mechanism. The theoretical aspects of the present article have led us to propose the most efficient pathway leading to carboxylic acid functional groups on the surface. Starting from mono‐vacancies, it ends up with the synergistic formation of dangling ‐COOH groups and the enlargement of the vacancies.
Triflic Acid Catalyzed Reductive Coupling Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds with O‐, S‐, and N‐Nucleophiles
Authors: Gellert Beate A. , Kahlcke Nils , Feurer Markus , Roth Stefanie 
Published: September 2011

AbstractHighly efficient metal‐free reductive coupling reactions of aldehydes and ketones with a range of nucleophiles in the presence of triflic acid (1–5 mol %) as the catalyst are presented. The reactions can be performed at ambient temperature without exclusion of moisture or air. A range of symmetrical and unsymmetrical ethers were obtained by this method in high yields and short reaction times. For the first time, the influence of additional functionalization has been studied. Furthermore, the formation of thioethers from ketones (by addition of unmodified thiols) and of sulfonamides from either aldehydes or ketones has been achieved under catalytic conditions.
Evaluation of 4,5‐Disubstituted‐2‐Aminoimidazole–Triazole Conjugates for Antibiofilm/Antibiotic Resensitization Activity Against MRSA and Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Su Zhaoming , Peng Lingling , Worthington Roberta J. , Melander Christian 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA library of 4,5‐disubstituted‐2‐aminoimidazole–triazole conjugates (2‐AITs) was synthesized, and the antibiofilm activity was investigated. This class of small molecules was found to inhibit biofilm formation by methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at low‐micromolar concentrations; 4,5‐disubstituted‐2‐AITs were also able to inhibit and disperse Acinetobacter baumannii biofilms. The activities of the lead compounds were compared against the naturally occurring biofilm dispersant cis‐2‐decenoic acid and were revealed to be more potent. The ability of selected compounds to resensitize MRSA to traditional antibiotics (resensitization activity) was also determined. Lead compounds were observed to resensitize MRSA to oxacillin by 2–4‐fold.