bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling Study on Effects of Liquid Propylene in Horizontally Stirred Gas‐Phase Reactors for Polypropylene
Authors: Kouzai Iku , Fukuda Keiji 
Published: November 2009

AbstractModeling study was carried out for JPP‐HORIZONE, which has horizontally stirred gas reactors in which the heat of polymerization is removed by vaporization of liquid propylene (LPP). The effects of LPP were estimated by the model which has a couple of continuous stirred bed reactors different in propylene form, gas of liquid, combined with a less stereospecific catalyst as a probe. LPP affects isotacticity further than catalyst efficiency in the developed model. Observed isotacticity was lower than that estimated by the model without LPP, which can be explained only by the presence of LPP.
Comparative resistance of food proteins to adult and infant in vitro digestion models
Authors: Dupont Didier , Mandalari Giuseppina , Molle Daniel , Jardin Julien , Léonil Joëlle , Faulks Richard M. , Wickham Martin S. J. , Clare Mills E. N. , Mackie Alan R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIgE‐mediated allergy to milk and egg is widespread in industrialised countries and mainly affects infants and young children. It may be connected to an incomplete digestion of dietary proteins causing an inappropriate immune response in the gut. In order to study this, a biochemical model of infant gastroduodenal digestion has been developed, which has reduced levels of protease (eightfold for pepsin and tenfold for trypsin and chymotrypsin), phosphatidylcholine and bile salts, compared with the adult model. This model has been used to study the behaviour of three characterised food‐relevant proteins (bovine β‐lactoglobulin (β‐Lg), β‐casein (β‐CN) and hen's egg ovalbumin), all of which are relevant cows' milk and hens' egg allergens. Digestion products were characterised using electrophoresis, immunochemical techniques and MS. These showed that ovalbumin and β‐CN were digested more slowly using the infant model compared with the adult conditions. Resistant fragments of β‐CN were found in the infant model, which correspond to previously identified IgE epitopes. Surprisingly, β‐Lg was more extensively degraded in the infant model compared with the adult one. This difference was attributed to the tenfold reduction in phosphatidylcholine concentration in the infant model limiting the protective effect of this phospholipid on β‐Lg digestion.
The contribution of gene expression profiling to breast cancer classification, prognostication and prediction: a retrospective of the last decade
Authors: Weigelt Britta , Baehner Frederick L , Reis‐Filho Jorge S 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn the last decade, the development of microarrays and the ability to perform massively parallel gene expression analysis of human tumours were received with great excitement by the scientific community. The promise of microarrays was of apocalyptic dimensions, with some experts envisaging that it would be a matter of a few years for this technology to replace traditional clinicopathological markers in clinical practice and treatment decision‐making. The replacement of histopathology by high‐tech and more objective approaches to cancer diagnosis, prognostication and prediction was, at that time, a foregone conclusion. Ten years after the initial publications of translational research studies using microarrays, one cannot deny that this technology has changed the way breast cancer is perceived. It has brought the concept of breast cancer heterogeneity to the forefront of cancer research, and the fact that distinct subtypes of breast cancer are completely different diseases that affect the same anatomical site. Furthermore, it has led to the development of prognostic and predictive ‘gene signatures’, which are yet to be fully incorporated into clinical practice. Importantly, though, the prognostic and predictive power of microarrays has been shown to be complementary to, rather than a replacement for, traditional clinicopathological parameters. Here we endeavour to provide a fair and balanced assessment of what microarray‐based gene expression analysis has taught us in the last decade and its contribution to breast cancer classification, prognostication and prediction. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CBT for violent men with antisocial personality disorder. Reflections on the experience of carrying out therapy in MASCOT, a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Davidson Kate , Halford Judith , Kirkwood Lindsay , Newton‐Howes Giles , Sharp Melanie , Tata Philip 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCognitive therapy for personality disorders (CBTpd) has been developed and assessed in borderline and antisocial personality disorders (ASPD) using a variety of research methodologies from single cases to randomized controlled trials. An exploratory randomized controlled trial of CBTpd compared with the usual treatment for men with ASPD in the community allowed insights into how to carry out therapy with this group of patients who are traditionally thought of as being difficult to manage. CBTpd for ASPD is time‐limited, is problem‐focused and aims to develop new ways of thinking and behaving that would reduce anger and acts of violence and improve interpersonal relationships. Men with ASPD often held beliefs that could interfere with the development of a therapeutic relationship. The beliefs were hypothesized to have arisen from experiences of being humiliated in childhood and adolescence as well as having experienced neglect and abuse. Equally, therapists needed to be aware that in developing a compassionate formulation of the patient's problems, they should not minimize the potential for violence. Supervision of both process and content had a greater importance than in other CBT models, and supervision required recordings of clinical sessions to enable this to happen. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental Study of a Compact Nanosecond Plasma Gun
Authors: Robert Eric , Barbosa Emerson , Dozias Sébastien , Vandamme Marc , Cachoncinlle Christophe , Viladrosa Raymond , Pouvesle Jean Michel 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe paper presents a new discharge plasma setup, called plasma gun, allowing the generation of nanosecond duration plasma bullets from a pulsed dielectric barrier discharge reactor. These bullets propagate at very high velocity, up to 5 × 108 cm · s−1, in flexible dielectric capillaries flushed with neon or helium flow rates as low as 100 mL · min−1, over distances of a few tens of centimetres, before inducing plasma plume formation in ambient air. Time resolved nanosecond ICCD imaging show evidence for the channelled structure of the bullets which propagate along the inner surface of the dielectric guide. A few centimetres from the DBD reactor where they are generated, the plasma bullets expand with no connection to the high voltage power source. Non‐thermal air plasma plume production is described by spectroscopic measurements. The plasma gun is likely to be developed for remote high voltage fast commutation or in plasma medicine applications or for the decontamination of small diameter catheters.magnified image
Sequence periodicity and secondary structure propensity in model proteins
Authors: Bellesia Giovanni , Jewett Andrew Iain , Shea Joan‐Emma 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe explore the question of whether local effects (originating from the amino acids intrinsic secondary structure propensities) or nonlocal effects (reflecting the sequence of amino acids as a whole) play a larger role in determining the fold of globular proteins. Earlier circular dichroism studies have shown that the pattern of polar, non polar amino acids (nonlocal effect) dominates over the amino acid intrinsic propensity (local effect) in determining the secondary structure of oligomeric peptides. In this article, we present a coarse grained computational model that allows us to quantitatively estimate the role of local and nonlocal factors in determining both the secondary and tertiary structure of small, globular proteins. The amino acid intrinsic secondary structure propensity is modeled by a dihedral potential term. This dihedral potential is parametrized to match with experimental measurements of secondary structure propensity. Similarly, the magnitude of the attraction between hydrophobic residues is parametrized to match the experimental transfer free energies of hydrophobic amino acids. Under these parametrization conditions, we systematically explore the degree of frustration a given polar, non polar pattern can tolerate when the secondary structure intrinsic propensities are in opposition to it. When the parameters are in the biophysically relevant range, we observe that the fold of small, globular proteins is determined by the pattern of polar, non polar amino acids regardless of their instrinsic secondary structure propensities. Our simulations shed new light on previous observations that tertiary interactions are more influential in determining protein structure than secondary structure propensity. The fact that this can be inferred using a simple polymer model that lacks most of the biochemical details points to the fundamental importance of binary patterning in governing folding.
Solution structures and backbone dynamics of the ribosomal protein S6 and its permutant P54‐55
Authors: Öhman Anders , Öman Tommy , Oliveberg Mikael 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe ribosomal protein S6 from Thermus thermophilus has served as a model system for the study of protein folding, especially for understanding the effects of circular permutations of secondary structure elements. This study presents the structure of a permutant protein, the 96‐residue P54‐55, and the structure of its 101‐residue parent protein S6wt in solution. The data also characterizes the effects of circular permutation on the backbone dynamics of S6. Consistent with crystallographic data on S6wt, the overall solution structures of both P54‐55 and S6wt show a β‐sheet of four antiparallel β‐strands with two α‐helices packed on one side of the sheet. In clear contrast to the crystal data, however, the solution structure of S6wt reveals a disordered loop in the region between β‐strands 2 and 3 (Leu43‐Phe60) instead of a well‐ordered stretch and associated hydrophobic mini‐core observed in the crystal structure. Moreover, the data for P54‐55 show that the joined wild‐type N‐ and C‐terminals form a dynamically robust stretch with a hairpin structure that complies with the in silico design. Taken together, the results explain why the loop region of the S6wt structure is relatively insensitive to mutational perturbations, and why P54‐55 is more stable than S6wt: the permutant incision at Lys54‐Asp55 is energetically neutral by being located in an already disordered loop whereas the new hairpin between the wild‐type N‐ and C‐termini is stabilizing.
Robust flow control in data‐communication networks with multiple time‐delays
Authors: Ünal Hakkı Ulaş , Ataşlar‐Ayyıldız Banu , İftar Altuğ , Özbay Hitay 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRobust controller design for a flow control problem where uncertain multiple time‐varying time‐delays exist is considered. Although primarily data‐communication networks are considered, the presented approach can also be applied to other flow control problems and can even be extended to other control problems where uncertain multiple time‐varying time‐delays exist. Besides robustness, tracking and fairness requirements are also considered. To solve this problem, an ℋ︁∞optimization problem is set up and solved. Unlike previous approaches, where only a suboptimal solution could be found, the present approach allows to design an optimal controller. Simulation studies are carried out in order to illustrate the time‐domain performance of the designed controllers. The obtained results are also compared to the results of a suboptimal controller obtained by an earlier approach. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Viability for codifying and documenting architectural design decisions with tool support
Authors: Capilla Rafael , Dueñas Juan C. , Nava Francisco 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCurrent software architecture practices have been focused on modeling and documenting the architecture of a software system by means of several architectural views. In practice, the standard architecture documentation lacks explicit description of the decisions made and their underlying rationale, which often leads to knowledge loss. This fact strongly affects the maintenance activities as we need to spend additional effort to replay the decisions made as well as to understand the changes performed in the design. Hence, codifying this architectural knowledge is a challenging task that requires adequate tool support. In this research, we test the capabilities of Architecture Design Decision Support System (ADDSS), a web‐based tool for supporting the creation, maintenance, use, and documentation of architectural design decisions (ADD) with their architectures. We used ADDSS to codify architectural knowledge and to maintain those trace links between the design decisions and other software artefacts that would help in the maintenance operations. We illustrate the usage of the tool through four different experiences and discuss the potential benefits of using this architectural knowledge and its impact on the maintenance and evolution activities. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk management of nanomaterials
Authors: Gwinn Maureen R. , Tran Lang 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNanotechnology has become the focus of a large amount of scientific, political, and financial interest. Limited information on the exposure to nanomaterials is available, with only a few occupational exposure studies having been performed. While laboratory animal studies on the biological effects of some nanomaterials have been published, no epidemiological studies have been reported to date. This lack of data on exposure and human health effects hinders risk assessment of these materials. As the use of nanomaterials increases rapidly, it is of vital importance that the risk assessment community understands the complexities of the issues surrounding the manufacture, use and disposal of nanomaterials, the potential of environmental and occupational exposure to human populations, as well as adverse health outcomes. For this to happen, it is in many ways necessary for the scientific community to also understand what questions risk assessors need to ask, and what research will best answer them. Risk management of nanomaterials requires more information as to the human and ecological effects of exposure to various nanomaterials. At this time, there are no specific regulations for nanomaterials, but a few efforts to include nanomaterials under existing environmental regulations have begun. The purpose of this article is to describe the potential regulations for nanomaterials, and the current issues related to the risk assessment of nanomaterials. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2010 2 130–137This article is categorized under:

Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Regulatory and Policy Issues in Nanomedicine
Species assortment or habitat filtering: a case study of spider communities on lake islands
Authors: Ulrich Werner , Hajdamowicz Izabela , Zalewski Marcin , Stańska Marzena , Ciurzycki Wojciech , Tykarski Piotr 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCompetition theory predicts that species of similar ecological niches are less likely to coexist than species with different niches, a process called species assortment. In contrast, the concept of habitat filtering implies that species with similar ecological requirements should co‐occur more often than expected by chance. Here we use environmental and ecological data to assess patterns of co‐occurrence of regional communities of spiders distributed across two assemblies of lake islands in northern Poland. We found aggregated and random co‐occurrences of species of the same genus and a significant tendency of species segregation across genera. We also found that species of the same genus react similarly to important environmental variables. A comparison of ecological traits of species of the local communities with those expected from a random sample from the regional Polish species pool corroborated partly the habitat filtering hypothesis. On the other hand, we did not find evidence for species assortment. Our results also imply that at least some observed species co‐occurrences result from niche differentiation.
Radial index and Poincaré–Hopf index of 1-forms on semi-analytic sets
Authors: DUTERTRE NICOLAS 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe radial index of a 1-form on a singular set is a generalization of the classical Poincaré–Hopf index. We consider different classes of closed singular semi-analytic sets innthat contain 0 in their singular locus and we relate the radial index of a 1-form at 0 on these sets to Poincaré–Hopf indices at 0 of vector fields defined onn.
Normalisation du Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) chez les Québécois francophones âgés de 65 ans et plus et résidant dans la communauté
Authors: Hudon Carol , Potvin Olivier , Turcotte Marie-Christine , D’Anjou Catherine , Dubé Micheline , Préville Michel , Brassard Joëlle 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTThis study was aimed at providing normative data for the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The norms were built from a sample (n = 2409) of community-dwelling French speaking residents from Québec aged 65 and older. The analyses indicated that socio-demographic variables such as education level, age, and gender of individuals influenced significantly the scores of older adults on the MMSE. More precisely, MMSE scores increased with education level and decreased with age. Moreover, women had significantly higher scores than men. On this basis, distinct tables of normative data were produced for women and men. In each table, the MMSE scores corresponding to percentiles 5, 10, 15 and 50 were identified according to four age categories and three education levels. Overall, the use of the present normative data by clinicians will improve their accuracy in detecting cognitive impairment in older adults from Québec.
Older Adults’ Awareness of Community Health and Support Services for Dementia Care
Authors: Ploeg Jenny , Denton Margaret , Tindale Joseph , Hutchison Brian , Brazil Kevin , Akhtar-Danesh Noori , Lillie Jean , Plenderleith Jennifer Millen 
Published: November 2009

RÉSUMÉL’article examine où les personne agées peuvent chercher l’aide pour prendre soin d’un parent avec démence et les facteurs associés à leur identification des services de santé et de soutien communautaires comme des sources d’aide. Les auteurs menées des entrevues téléphoniques, à l’aide de numérotation de chiffres aléatoires, de 1,152 adultes âgés de 50 et plus dans la ville de Hamilton. À déterminer les sources de soutien, plus 37 pour cent des répondants a identifié leur médecin, 33 pour cent a identifié un soutien informel comme la famille et voisins et 31 pour cent a identifié des services de santé maison. Seulement 18 pour cent a identifié des services de soutien communautaires. Participants femmes ayant des niveaux plus élevés de scolarité étaient plus susceptibles d’identifier leur médecin comme une source de soutien. Savoir où trouver renseignements sur services de soutien communautaires était associée à une probabilité accrue de mentionnant des médecins et des services de santé maison comme sources d’aide.
Commentary on Retirement, Identity, and Erikson’s Developmental Stage Model
Authors: Osborne John W. 
Published: November 2009

RÉSUMÉLa coïncidence de retraite et du vieillissement, éprouvé dans les étapes ultérieures de la vie, peut déclencher une récurrence des tensions bipolaires des étapes antérieures décrites dans le modèle du développement de la personnalité d’Erikson. Le modèle fournit un moyen pour les retraités de comprendre comment le motif de leur identité actuelle a developpé et comment les psychodynamiques des étapes antérieures de la vie peut être reactivé par le début simultané de la retraite et du vieillissement. Les étapes de la modèle sont illustrés par des experiences dans la retraite. L’utilité du modèle d’Erikson est suggerée comme un moyen d’améliorer la conscience et la connaissance de soi et l’adaptation à la retraite.
Acute gastroenteritis in Hong Kong: a population-based telephone survey
Authors: HO S. C. , CHAU P. H. , FUNG P. K. , SHAM A. , NELSON E. A. , SUNG J. 
Published: November 2009

SUMMARYA population-based telephone survey of acute gastroenteritis (AG) was conducted in Hong Kong from August 2006 to July 2007. Study subjects were recruited through random digit-dialling with recruitments evenly distributed weekly over the 1-year period. In total, 3743 completed questionnaires were obtained. An AG episode is defined as diarrhoea ⩾3 times or any vomiting in a 24-h period during the 4 weeks prior to interview, in the absence of known non-infectious causes. The prevalence of AG reporting was 7%. An overall rate of 0·91 (95% CI 0·81–1·01) episodes per person-year was observed with women having a slightly higher rate (0·94, 95% CI 0·79–1·08) than men (0·88, 95% CI 0·73–1·04). The mean duration of illness was 3·6 days (s.d.=5·52). Thirty-nine percent consulted a physician, 1·9% submitted a stool sample for testing, and 2·6% were admitted to hospital. Of the subjects aged ⩾15 years, significantly more of those with AG reported eating raw oysters (OR 2·4, 95% CI 1·3–4·4), buffet meals (OR 1·8, 95% CI 1·3–2·5), and partially cooked beef (OR 1·8, 95% CI 1·2–2·7) in the previous 4 weeks compared to the subjects who did not report AG. AG subjects were also more likely to have had hot pot, salad, partially cooked or raw egg or fish, sushi, sashimi, and ‘snacks bought at roadside’ in the previous 4 weeks. This first population-based study on the disease burden of AG in Asia showed that the prevalence of AG in Hong Kong is comparable to that experienced in the West. The study also revealed some ‘risky’ eating practices that are more prevalent in those affected with AG.
Genetic improvement in the Australasian Merino – management of a diverse gene pool for changing markets
Authors: Banks R.G. , Brown D.J. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryThe Australasian Merino population has declined significantly over the last 15 years in response to a decline in the price of apparel wool, both in absolute terms and relative to the price of sheep meat. Over the same period, a national genetic evaluation system based on BLUP methods has been introduced, that is achieving steady growth in adoption by breeders. Genetic parameter estimates for the population provide evidence for considerable genetic diversity for all recorded traits, providing ample opportunity for genetic improvement. More recently, there is considerable evidence for increasingly rapid progress, both in fleece traits and a range of meat production and adaptation traits. The Merino population is evolving towards two broad types – one focused on high quality apparel wools finer than 19 µm and used in enterprises with a wool/meat income ratio of about 3:1, and the other a more dual-purpose animal producing 19–21 µm wool and an enterprise wool/meat income ratio between 1.5:1 and 1:1. Underlying these trends is a growing focus on adaptation traits including worm resistance; reduced need for veterinary interventions; and increased early growth, fertility and mothering ability. Together these trends point to increasingly ‘easy-care’ sheep and exploitation of the available genetic diversity to rapidly increase profitability.