bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Phenol Red Thread Test as a rescue test in diagnostic strategy of severe ocular syndrome
Authors: LABETOULLE M , GENDRON G , POGORZALEK N , KASWIN G , MARIETTE X , DE MONCHY I 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To define a combination between Schirmer I and phenol red thread test (PRT) that improves the screening of patients with ocular sicca syndrome. Methods The PRT test was performed before (PRT1) and after (PRT2) the Schirmer I test, in both eyes of 143 patients complaining of ocular dryness secondary to Sjögren’s syndrome (SGS) or Sicca Asthenia Polyalgia Syndrome (SAPS) (72 and 71 patients respectively), and in 40 patients with no sign of dry eye. Groups were matched by age and gender. After determining the best cut‐off values using the ROC procedure, several combinations of PRT and Schirmer I were assessed to improve the predictive values of the procedure. Results The best cut‐off value for PRT2, estimated at 15mm, provided a satisfying match between sensitivity and specificity indexes (68% and 90% respectively), similar to those obtained with the Schirmer I test. If PRT1 alone was ineffective to screen SGS from control patients, the comparison between PRT 1 and PRT2 (”delta‐PRT”) was found as a good marker to detect patients with persistent tear reflex. The combination of positive Schirmer I, PRT 2 and/or delta‐PRT tests was found as highly predictive of severe ocular sicca syndrome. Conclusion The combination of Schirmer I and PRT test improves the screening procedure to detect patients with severe ocular dryness. Since PRT test is non‐invasive and time‐effective, it could be more widely used in daily clinical practice, besides Shirmer I test, to optimize the work‐up of patients presenting with dry‐eye subjective signs.
Identification of breaks in choroidal coloboma eyes with retinal detachment using subretinal trypan blue injection
Authors: NAITHANI P , SANKARAN P , MISHRA S , GARG SP 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To describe the use of subretinal trypan blue to localize retinal breaks during vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in choroidal coloboma eyes. Methods Trypan blue 0.03% was injected subretinally through a retinotomy superonasal to optic disc in 108 choroidal coloboma eyes in which no breaks could be identified pre‐ or intra‐operatively outside the coloboma margins. Eyes were rotated to evenly spread the dye subretinally and plume of trypan blue into the vitreous cavity was used to locate the breaks. Communication between breaks in the intercalary membrane (ICM) and coloboma margin was also studied. Results Eighty six eyes had breaks within the coloboma margins only whereas 7 eyes had breaks within as well as outside the coloboma. In 7 eyes breaks were seen in peripheral retina alone and no breaks could be found in 8 eyes even intra‐operatively. In all eyes with break inside the coloboma there was a single communication at its margin between the detached retina outside the coloboma and the break in ICM through which trypan blue entered vitreous cavity. Mostly it was in the infero‐nasal or temporal quadrant outside the inferior vascular arcade. Conclusion Majority of retinal detachments that involve the coloboma were caused by breaks within the ICM. Moreover there is a small defect at the coloboma margin through which the sub‐ICM fluid seeps under the normal retina from the break. Based on intraoperative findings in this study, prophylactic laser to margins of coloboma sparing the vascular arcades may seal off this potential communication and prevent retinal detachment in such eyes.
Maintenance of anticoagulant and antiplatelet agents for patients undergoing vitreoretinal surgery
Authors: CREUZOT C , PASSEMARD M , KOEHRER P , BRON AM 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To establish the prevalence of anticoagulant, aspirin, and clopidogrel use in patients undergoing vitreoretinal surgery, and to compare the outcome of peribulbar anesthesia between users and non‐users. Methods We conducted a retrospective case series in one academic center between January and June 2009. We analyzed the chart of 239 eyes who underwent posterior segment surgery with peribulbar anesthesia. No changes in the anticoagulant regimen were made prior to surgery. We divided patients into 7 groups: group 1: patients with no anticoagulants and 6 groups defined according to the type of anticoagulant or antiplatelet medication. Results 239 eyes (206 patients) were included: 168 eyes without any anticoagulant medication (70.3%) and 71 eyes with anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet agents (29.7%). Only 3 cases of long‐term sight‐threatening hemorrhagic complications (4.2%) were noted: 2 from patients with pseudo‐tumoral form of age‐related macular degeneration associated with vitreous hemorrhage, and 1 from patient with tractionnal retinal detachment secondary to complicated diabetic retinopathy. No surgery was post‐poned or cancelled due to an anesthetic complication.The incidence of postoperative hemorrhagic complications was increased in patients taking anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet medications (P=0.001) vs non‐users. Conclusion Peribulbar anesthesia for vitreoretinal surgery can be safely performed in patients receiving anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet agents.
Algorithms and instrumentation for quantified retinal oximetry in a snapshot
Authors: HARVEY AR , ABBOUD I , GORMAN A , MUYO G , CROWE J , MORGAN S , RODMELL P , MORDANT D , MCNAUGHT AI 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To develop an instrument and techniques for useful absolute and relative clinical oximetry of the retina. Methods A novel snapshot multispectral imaging system has been optimised for retinal oximetry. Eight monochromatic images of the retina are recorded with a field of view of 24 degrees. Algorithms calculate the absorption of light at each point along delineated blood vessels and for each of the eight wavebands. Data inversion using an analytical model for light propagation enables oximetry at along the blood vessels. Spectral inversion has been refined using ray tracing and Monte Carlo modelling of light propagation using a realistic phantom eye. Results A comparison of Monte Carlo modelling of light propagation in the phantom retina with recorded images for blood of various oxygenations indicates the influence of several unknowns, including scatter from optical surfaces within the ophthalmoscope and eye, the geometry of the blood vessels and eye, the optical constants of the ocular media and the complexity of light propagation in the retinal structure. Relative oximetry within the retina is possible with repeatability of about 1% in the phantom and 5% in a real eye but the influence of various systematic effects can introduce systematic differences between actual and calculated oxygenation that can significantly exceed these values. Conclusion Although oximetry using only a very small number of spectral bands is possible, this is prone to systematic errors that can effect both absolute and relative oximetry. The ability to record eight spectral images in a single snapshot offers promise to provide an enhanced clinically useful and validated oximetry technique.
Pre‐cut posterior corneal lamellae with a stromal rim used for Descemet’s membrane endothelial keratoplasty with a stromal rim (DMEK‐S)
Authors: KRABCOVA I , STUDENY P , JIRSOVA K 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To standardize a technique for the manual preparation of posterior corneal lamellae for DMEK‐S under the conditions of an ocular tissue bank. To assess the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the lamellar endothelium with the aim of establishing the parameters of corneas intended for preparation. Methods Corneoscleral buttons 17mm in diameter not suitable for grafting were used. Group 1 contained 12 corneas with a live endothelial cell density ≥ 2500 cells/mm2. Group 2 contained 10 corneas with a density lower than 2500 cells/mm2. The lamellae, consisting of a central 6mm zone of endothelium‐Descemet’s membrane surrounded by a supporting peripheral stromal rim, were prepared manually using the big bubble technique. The percentage of dead cells and the live endothelial cell density were assessed before and immediately after preparation as well as after 48 hours of organ culture storage using light microscopy following 0.15% trypan blue and 0.9% sucrose treatment. Results Immediately after the preparation, on average 4.9 % and 5.2 % of dead cells were found in group 1 and group 2, respectively. The percentage of dead cells decreased significantly during subsequent storage in organ culture in both groups (to 1.5 % and 1.7 % for group 1 and 2). There was no significant decrease in live endothelial cell density in group 1 during 48 hours of culturing; however, there was a significant decrease in group 2. Conclusion The decrease in endothelial cell density during organ culturing depends on the original values. We suggest that the minimal acceptable live endothelial cell density of corneas intended for preparation should be 2500 cells/mm2 to ensure the best clinical outcomes.
Planar patch‐clamping in human corneal endothelial cells: a new tool for clinical application?
Authors: MERGLER S , PLEYER U 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Identification of apoptotic or damaged human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs) is limited to morphological evaluation such as phase contrast microscopy and vital staining. The molecular mechanisms of corneal endothelial cell loss are not fully understood. Special investigations in cellular signalling and ion channel research are necessary to elucidate the mechanisms of corneal cell loss. In this context, it is known that this cell loss is often caused by apoptosis in oxidative stress. Methods Automated planar patch‐clamp has become common in drug development and safety programs because it enables efficient and systematic testing of compounds against ion channels during voltage‐clamp. A particularly successful automated approach is based on planar patch‐clamp chips and this is the basis for the technology used here. Routine intracellular or extracellular perfusion opens possibilities for studying the regulation and pharmacology of ion channels. Previously, these studies were available only to highly skilled and dedicated experimenters. Results Notable, definite ion channel activities could be demonstrated by conventional as well as by planar patch‐clamp in HCECs for the first time. In particular, temperature‐sensing transient receptor potential (TRP)‐like non‐selective cation channel currents as well as capsaicin‐sensitive ion channel currents could be detected. The expression of TRPV1‐3 ion channels in HCEC could also be confirmed by RT‐PCR, Western blot analysis and fluorescence cell imaging. Conclusion The administration of this novel measuring technology opens new perspectives in the investigation of the physiology of HCEC. The findings may have direct clinical implication (eye banking procedures, keratoplasty).
Cataract formation after incorporation of radioactive iodine
Authors: DALKE C , ROSEMANN M , PUK O , GRAW J 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose The ocular lens is one of the most radiosensitive organs in mammals and a pathological sign after exposure to ionising radiation is the formation of cataracts. We generated a mouse model to mimic the situation after the accident in the Chernobyl power plant. Methods Pregnant and nursing FBV‐mice were treated with iodine131 for diaplacentar and galactogen transfer to the litter. The offspring which incorporated the radioiodine were examined for lens opacities at the age of 6 and 12 months. Iodine131 is a beta radiation emitting nuclide with a short half live of 8 days. Mothers were injected twice with 100 kBq I‐131, on day 14 post conception and day 6 post natal. Cataracts were investigated at 6 and 12 months of age using a slit lamp. Results Depending on the litter size and weight, a single progeny incorporates between 8 to 14 % of entire activity. More than 50% of the injected activity is transmitted from the mother to the entire offspring. Iodine is accumulated in the thyroid and an average thyroid dose of 3.7 Gy was calculated. Because of the short distance between the thyroid and the eye, a lens dose of 0.5 Gy was estimated. In the FBV mice, we observed at the age of 6 months two cataracts among 15 irradiated lenses (13%), but none among 7 unirradiated controls. At the age of 12 months, almost all lenses showed cortical cataracts in both groups. However, there were 17 nuclear cataracts among 66 irradiated lenses (25%), but only 1 among 16 controls (6%). Conclusion These preliminary data indicate that this method is sensitive enough to detect the cataract‐causing potential of low‐dose ionizing radiation in the mouse. However, for detailed analysis larger cohorts and quantification of the data are necessary.
Expression of tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 2 in corneal epithelium after UV irradiation
Authors: ARDAN T , CEJKOVA J 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are capable of inhibiting the activities of all known matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and therefore they play a key role in maintaining the balance between synthesis and degradation of basic extracellular matrix components (collagens, glycosaminoglycans) in the normal cornea. However, under pathological conditions, disruption of this balance may appear due to the increased expression of MMPs or decreased expression of TIMPs. Purpose of this study was to investigate whether changes in expression of TIMPs might contribute to increased proteolytic activity of MMPs in corneas irradiated by UV rays. Methods In the first group of rabbits the corneas were irradiated with UVA lamp (365 nm, once a day during 4 days, a dose per day 1.01 J/cm2), in the second group with UVB lamp (312 nm, once a day during 4 days, a dose per day 1.01 J/cm2). Normal corneas served as controls. TIMP‐1 and TIMP‐2 were examined in cryostat sections immunohistochemically using mouse monoclonal anti‐TIMP‐1 and anti‐TIMP‐2 antibodies. Results Immunohistochemical examination showed that UVA rays did not change the expression of TIMPs studied in the corneal epithelium. In contrast, UVB rays induced the decreased expression of TIMPs in corneal epithelial cells. From both enzymes investigated in UVB irradiated corneas the decrease of TIMP‐1 expression was more significant than expression of TIMP‐2. Conclusion Even if further studies are necessary, our results point to the suggestions that insufficient inhibition of MMPs due to the decreased presence of TIMPs in corneas irradiated by UVB rays may lead to corneal damage from excessive proteolytic degradation of corneal proteins.
Can peroperative bevacizumab (AvastinTM) improve trabeculectomy outcome? A prospective, randomized, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: VANDEWALLE E , ZEYEN T , SPIELBERG L , STALMANS I 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Glaucoma surgery fails in 30% due to excessive scar formation of the constructed channel. Our group found that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is upregulated in the aqueous humor of glaucoma patients and postoperatively in a rabbit model for trabeculectomy, that VEGF stimulates fibroblast proliferation in vitro whereas bevacizumab can inhibit their growth, and that a single peroperative intracameral injection of bevacizumab improves the surgical outcome of trabeculectomy in a rabbit model. Based on these findings, we set up a clinical trial to study the potential of bevacizumab as an anti‐scarring agent after trabeculectomy. Methods This is a prospective, randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blinded experimental study. The effect of peroperative administration of 50 µl of bevacizumab (25mg/ml) on intraocular pressure, bleb characteristics, as well as number of postoperative IOP‐lowering medications and surgical interventions is investigated. Patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal tension glaucoma (NTG) who are scheduled for primary trabeculectomy are included. Results Inclusions started on April 2009 and are still ongoing. Based on a priori calculations we need to include 124 patients. We already included 97 patients, 54 of which are POAG and 43 are NTG patients. By the end of September the majority will have ended the study. The preliminary results of this group will be presented at EVER. Conclusion This study will provide evidence on effectiveness and safety of single administration of bevacizumab during trabeculectomy to reduce the risk of surgical failure, avoiding or reducing the need for long‐term medication use or secondary surgical intervention.
Lowering IOP effect, expression of MMP2 in aqueous humour and in trabeculum after pneumotrabeculoplasty in rabbits
Authors: QUINTYN JC , MASSOUDI D , BUHANNIC L , MALECAZE F , GALLIACY S 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To assess changes in metalloproteinases (MMP‐2) following pneumotrabeculoplasty in rabbits. Methods Ten New‐Zeland Rabbits were used, 6 for the experiment and 4 for the control group. For the experimental group, the rabbits underwent a single PNT treatment on the both eyes on day 0 (baseline) and after 7 days. The combination of a PNT vacuum application of 60 seconds and a 5 minutes rest period followed by another PNT application constituted a single PNT treatment. All rabbits underwent an intraocular pression before treatment and each week. The whole sample was followed for 21 days. The gelatinolytic activity was analysed by gelatine zymography. This protocol performed twice. Results The intraocular presssion was significantly lower in the experimental group (p< 0.01) at 2 and 3 weeks for the two experiments. Results on gelatinolytic activities, corresponding to pro MMP2, the active form of MMP2 and MMP9, where not clear‐cut. While the first treated group (6 eyes) results show an increase of activity, with a top of activity at day 21, the second experimentation (6 eyes) did not show modification of gelatinolytic activities. Additional studies are required to clarify this point. Conclusion This study confirms the potential of PNT to lower IOP. Additional studies are required to clarify if MMP2 and MMP9 play a role in this reduction, or if the process involves different proteins.
Surgical outcomes of uveitic glaucoma
Authors: CARRENO E , PORTERO A , VILLARON S , HERRERAS JM , MAQUET JA , CALONGE M 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Secondary glaucoma is a difficult and frequent complication of uveitis. The aim of this study is to describe the results of surgery in uveitic glaucoma. Methods Retrospective observational study. Clinical and surgical data from 27 cases of uveitic glaucoma that underwent glaucoma surgery over a period of 9 years were collected. Results The main diagnosis and etiology were anterior uveitis (66.7%) and herpes (33.3%) respectively. Trabeculectomy with mitomycin C was performed in 51.9% of the cases. An intraocular pressure lower than 16 mmHg and managed with less than two drugs was achieved in 48.15% of the cases. Higher risks of surgical failure were associated with intermediate uveitis, idiopathic uveitis, Fuchs’ heterochromic cyclitis, combined surgery with phacoemulsification, omission of mitomycin C, intraocular inflammation at surgery, and short time to glaucoma diagnosis and to surgery. Conclusion These results should be taken into account to improve surgical outcome in uveitic glaucoma.
Time duration between « in » and « out » signal peaks of the ocular response analyser in normal and keratoconic eyes.
Authors: DELBARRE M , VERRET C , AGBOTON G , BULLET J , BLAVIER B , LEDUC C , CREPY P , FROUSSART‐MAILLE F , RIGAL‐SASTOURNE JC 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Compare time duration between « in » and « out » signal peaks extracted from the signal curves of the ocular response analyser (ORA; Reichert Ophthalmic Instruments, Buffalo, NY, USA) in keratoconic eyes and in a control group without keratoconus. Methods This retrospective, comparative case series comprised 23 patients with keratoconus and 54 age‐ and sex‐ matched controls who underwent a complete clinical eye examination, corneal topography, and biomechanical evaluation. Corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), and time duration between « in » and « out » signal peaks were compared between the two groups. Every patient was subjected to examination (between 3 and 5/per eyes) by the ORA. Results Corneal hysteresis was 8.58+/‐ 1,82 mmHg (range: 5.21 to 17.1 mmHg) in the keratoconus group and 10.54+/‐ 1,81mmHg (range: 2.7 to 22.1 mmHg) in the control group (P<0,001 ). Corneal resistance factor was 7.59+/‐ 2,06 mmHg (range: 4.1 to 15.1 mmHg) in the keratoconus group and 10.6 +/‐ 2,03 mmHg (range: 4.10 to 23.70 mmHg) in the control group (P<0,001). Time duration between « in » and « out » signal peaks was 11.36+/‐ 0,70 ms (range: 9.9 to 14,5 ms) in the keratoconus group and 10.82+/‐ 0,51 ms (range: 8.7 to 12.6 ms) in the control group (P<0,001). Conclusion Corneal hysteresis and corneal resistance factor were statistically lower in the keratoconus group compared with the control group as it was already showned in former studies. Time duration between “in” and “out” signal peaks is statistically significantly higher in the keratoconus group. This measure could be used in the evaluation of corneal biomechanical properties.
Microbial keratitis secondary to cosmetic contact lenses wear: a foreseeable disaster
Authors: SAUER A , FRENCH STUDY GROUP FOR CONTACT LENSES RELATED MICROBIAL KERA X , BOURCIER T 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose The aim of our study is to illustrate the implications of the cosmetic contact lenses (CCL) on ocular surface health and the occurence of microbial keratitis (MK). Methods A prospective multicenter study was conducted in 10 French University Hospitals on all non‐cosmetic CL wearers presenting with MK (CLRMK) between July 2007 and July 2009, including CCL wearers, and on healthy CL wearers. Cases and healthy wearers were interviewed by a 50 items anonymous standardized "questionnaire" to determine subject demographics and CL wear history. Results Two hundred fifty six patients were included for CLRMK. Thirty‐two of them (12.5%) were seen for MK after wearing CCL. One hundred thirteen healthy CL wearers were surveyed. Compared with healthy wearers, the relative risk of CL related MK is highly increased with CCL (OR, 16.5). Compared with CLRMK, CCL wearers are younger (21 versus 27 years of age) and recent CL wearers (3 versus 9 years). CCL were rarely dispensed by eye care professionals increasing the risk of MK (OR, 12.3). Education about lens care and handling was deficient (OR, 26.5). MK were more severe in the CCL wearers as compared as others CLRMK patients, with a high prevalence of gram negative bacillus and acanthamoeba keratitis. Conclusion Patients who acquire CCL are less likely to be instructed on appropriate lense use. Consequently, CCL wearers are experiencing acute vision‐threatening infections.