bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Arabidopsis Transcription FactorLUH/MUM1Is Required for Extrusion of Seed Coat Mucilage
Authors: Huang Jun , DeBowles Danisha , Esfandiari Elahe , Dean Gillian , Carpita Nicholas C. , Haughn George W. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDuring differentiation, the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed coat epidermal cells secrete mucilage composed primarily of rhamnogalacturonan I that is extruded from the seed coat upon imbibition. The mucilage of the mucilage modified1 (mum1) mutant contains rhamnogalacturonan I that is more highly branched and lacks the ability to be extruded when exposed to water. Our cloning of the MUM1 gene shows that it encodes a putative transcription factor, LEUNIG_HOMOLOG (LUH). Cellular localization and transcriptional assay results suggest that LUH/MUM1 is a nucleus-localized transcriptional activator. LUH/MUM1 is expressed in all the tissues examined, including the seed coat. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction data suggest that LUH/MUM1 is expressed throughout seed coat development, reaching peak expression late in differentiation. LUH1/MUM1 expression in plants homozygous for mutations in several genes encoding regulators of seed coat mucilage was unchanged. Thus, LUH/MUM1 expression appears to be independent of other transcription factors known to regulate aspects of seed coat mucilage biology. The expression in the luh/mum1 mutant of three genes encoding enzymes needed for mucilage extrusion, MUM2, SUBSILIN PROTEASE1.7, and β-XYLOSIDASE1, was reduced relative to that of the wild type. Overexpression of MUM2 could partially rescue the mum1 phenotype. These data suggest that LUH/MUM1 is a positive regulator of all three genes.
Drug selection in French university hospitals: analysis of formularies for nine competitive pharmacological classes
Authors: Gallini Adeline , Juillard‐Condat Blandine , Saux Marie‐Claude , Taboulet Florence 
Published: April 2011

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT• Variations in hospital drug formularies have been reported in Germany and the Netherlands for competitive classes.• Since a spill‐over effect on the community may be expected, assessment of hospital formularies is needed.• No study has yet explored French hospitals' drug formularies.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS• Large variations in the number and the nature of selected drugs were found among French university hospitals for competitive classes.• The wide range in the number of selected drugs suggests an unaccomplished rationalization process by some hospitals.AIM To give a panorama of the selectivity and agreement of French university hospitals' drug formularies (HDF) for nine competitive classes.METHODS All university hospitals were asked to send their HDF and selection criteria as of January 2009 for nine competitive pharmacological classes (proton pump inhibitors, serotonin antagonists, low molecular weight heparins, erythropoietins, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, statins, α‐adrenoreceptor antagonists and selective serotonin re‐uptake inhibitors). Selectivity of HDF was estimated by the percentage of drug entities selected by the hospital within the pharmacological class. Agreement between hospitals was assessed with modified kappa coefficients for multi‐raters.RESULTS Twenty‐one out of the 29 hospitals agreed to participate. These hospitals selected between 34% and 63% of the drug entities available for the nine classes, which represented 18 to 35 agents. Regarding the nature of chosen drug entities, the overall level of agreement was ‘fair’ and varied with pharmacological classes. Selection criteria were sent by only 12 hospitals. The technical component was the most important element in all hospitals. The weight of the economic component varied between 20% and 40% in the tender's grade.DISCUSSION Large variations were seen in the number and nature of drugs selected by university hospitals which can be attributable to two successive decision‐making processes (evaluation by the Drug and Therapeutics Committee followed by the purchasing process).
Pharmacotherapy of heart failure with normal ejection fraction (HFNEF) – a systematic review
Authors: Rajagopalan Sujit , Arora Anjuman , Shafiq Nusrat , Reddy S Srinivas , Pandhi Promila , Mittal Niti , Malhotra Samir 
Published: April 2011

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • The treatment options for heart failure with normal ejection fraction (HFNEF), which constitutes about 50% of the cases of heart failure, is varied and consists of β‐adrenoceptor blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), calcium channel blockers and digoxin. However none of the treatment options have shown consistent results in improving the condition. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS • The meta‐analysis conducted by us on the pooled data from the clinical trials on the various treatment options has revealed no definite benefit with pharmacotherapy in HFNEF. A systematic review of these data reveals a possible benefit with β‐adrenoceptor blockers in this condition. But to evaluate this larger studies with preplanned subgroup analysis, longer follow up periods and with echocardiographic parameters as outcomes to measure the LV diastolic dysfunction are required.AIM The pharmacotherapy for heart failure with normal ejection fraction (HFNEF) is not as well defined as that for the treatment for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFREF). Studies of the various drugs given for HFNEF have revealed conflicting results. The aim of this systematic review was to determine whether there is any benefit with pharmacotherapy in HFNEF in terms of cardiac outcomes.METHODS Electronic and printed sources were searched until August 2010 for randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) comparing drug therapy with placebo in HFNEF. Weighted mean difference and pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated.RESULTS A total of six RCTs including 8410 patients with a mean follow‐up period of 21 months were included in the analysis. Although there were no significant differences in all cause mortality between the two groups (pooled OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.79, 1.13, P= 0.55), the subgroup analysis revealed a slight but non significant advantage with the β‐adrenoceptor blocker group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of cardiovascular mortality, hospitalization, worsening heart failure, ejection fraction, E : A ratio, deceleration time and E : E′ ratio.CONCLUSION There was no significant benefit of pharmacotherapy in HFNEF. This might have been because of a lack of stringent inclusion criteria for patients in the trials and lower power of the studies. Hence trials with well defined inclusion criteria, better power, longer follow‐up periods and with echocardiographic parameters as endpoints are required to shed further light on this topic.
Long‐term adherence to a local guideline on postoperative body temperature measurement: mixed methods analysis
Authors: Storm‐Versloot Marja N. , Knops Anouk M. , Ubbink Dirk T. , Goossens Astrid , Legemate Dink A. , Vermeulen Hester 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAim  To find out whether a successful multifaceted implementation approach of a local evidence‐based guideline on postoperative body temperature measurements (BTM) was persistent over time, and which factors influenced long‐term adherence.Methods  Mixed methods analysis. Patient records were retrospectively examined to measure guideline adherence. Data on influencing factors were collected in focus group meetings for nurses and a plenary meeting with an interactive questionnaire for doctors.Results  Records from 102 surgical patients were studied, totalling 1226 BTM. According to the guideline, an indication for BTM was present in 55% (679/1226). Actually, BTM were taken in 60% (736/1226), of which 55% (403/736) was in accordance with the guideline. The overall adherence rate to the guideline was 50% (617/1226). Belief in the advantages of the guideline and strong staff support appeared to facilitate long‐term adherence. Barriers were, the controversial nature of the guideline, the lack of self‐efficacy among nurses and doctors as to clinical judgement to identify an infection when refraining from BTM, and a lack of management and staff doctor support. Furthermore, newly appointed nurses and doctors were trained to measure BTM during their initial medical or nursing education, which was in contradiction with the guideline.Conclusions  A multifaceted implementation strategy is not sufficient to maintain long‐term adherence. To ensure long‐term adherence, especially of controversial guidelines, adherence should be monitored and reported regularly over time. Strong staff support and leadership on all wards is crucial to maintain awareness. Medical and nursing curricula should include the pros and cons of taking BTM, combined with enhancing self‐efficacy.
A hermeneutic approach to the characteristics of mental health nursing practice
Authors: HOLM A. L. , SEVERINSSON E. 
Published: April 2011

Accessible summary
The hermeneutic approach is a way to develop a new practice in mental health nursing including a reflective way of being and acting in order to create a foundation for change and improvements.
Mental health nursing is dependent on the development of hermeneutic knowledge for understanding the deeper meaning of, for example, encountering a patient with emotional pain.
The hermeneutic approach can help nurses to understand how intuition and empathy is a way to empower patients, thus providing hope and future possibilities.
The implications for mental health nursing practice is to be open to change some of the negative images of past discussions in order to provide high‐quality care and support to the suffering patient.
AbstractMental health nursing (MHN) takes a non‐reductionist view of the human being, based on a hermeneutic and interdisciplinary perspective. MHN is dependent on the development of hermeneutic knowledge for understanding the deeper meaning of, for example, encountering a patient with emotional pain. The aim of this study was to provide a philosophical discussion about the characteristics of MHN practice. The hermeneutic approach was used to expand the philosophical discussion of MHN. In order to explore the consequences for MHN practice, previous relevant research within the discipline of MHN was used, exemplified by patients suffering from emotional pain. Two themes emerged: A reflective way of being and working and Relationships as a foundation for change and improvements. Four themes emerged related to the practice of the nurse: Desire for confirmation and trust, The vulnerable human being, The difficulties involved in responsibility and The power of self‐development, authenticity and freedom. MHN must be open to changing some of the negative images of past interdisciplinary discussions in order to provide high quality care and support to the suffering patient. The hermeneutic approach is one way to help nurses who work in the context of mental health to understand and use their intuition and empathy to empower patients, thus providing hope and future possibilities.
Roles of the 5′‐phosphate sensor domain in RNase E
Authors: Garrey Stephen M. , Mackie George A. 
Published: April 2011

SummaryViable mutations affecting the 5′‐phosphate sensor of RNase E, including R169Q or T170A, become lethal when combined with deletions removing part of the non‐catalytic C‐terminal domain of RNase E. The phosphate sensor is required for efficient autoregulation of RNase E synthesis as RNase E R169Q is strongly overexpressed with accumulation of proteolytic fragments. In addition, mutation of the phosphate sensor stabilizes the rpsT P1 mRNA as much as sixfold and slows the maturation of 16S rRNA. In contrast, the decay of other model mRNAs and the processing of several tRNA precursors are unaffected by mutations in the phosphate sensor. Our data point to the existence of overlapping mechanisms of substrate recognition by RNase E, which lead to a hierarchy of efficiencies with which its RNA targets are attacked.
Membrane‐associated DegP in Bordetella chaperones a repeat‐rich secretory protein
Authors: Baud Catherine , Gutsche Irina , Willery Eve , de Paepe Diane , Drobecq Hervé , Gilleron Martine , Locht Camille , Jamin Marc , Jacob‐Dubuisson Françoise 
Published: April 2011

SummaryThe chaperone/protease DegP belongs to the HtrA superfamily and is involved in protein quality control in the periplasm of Gram‐negative bacteria. In Escherichia coli, typical substrates are unfolded or misfolded globular proteins that trigger the rearrangement of inactive DegP hexamers into substrate‐sequestering 12‐ or 24‐mers ‘cages’ for refolding or degradation. In Bordetella pertussis, DegPBp facilitates, in addition, the secretion of FHA, a long β‐helical adhesin that passes through the periplasm in an extended conformation. We show that DegPBp exists as soluble trimers and as a membrane‐associated form. Different substrates interact differently with the distinct forms of DegPBp, and membrane‐associated DegPBp has high affinity for non‐native FHA. Unlike more globular substrates, FHA does not efficiently mediate rearrangement of trimers into proteolytically active, short‐lived dodecamers. In contrast to these dodecamers, membrane‐associated DegPBp is not committed to substrate degradation, although it is proteolytically competent. In B. pertussis, membrane‐associated DegPBp thus represents a specific functional form serving as a holding chaperone for client proteins including FHA. If FHA secretion is impaired, membrane‐associated DegPBp participates in its degradation. This form of DegPBp is appropriate to handle substrates unsuitable to be sequestered in cages or non‐folded, secretory proteins that must not be degraded.
Cannabinoid receptor stimulation increases motivation for nicotine and nicotine seeking
Authors: Gamaleddin Islam , Wertheim Carrie , Zhu Andy Z.X. , Coen Kathleen M. , Vemuri Kiran , Makryannis Alex , Goldberg Steven R. , Le Foll Bernard 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThe cannabinoid system appears to play a critical facilitative role in mediating the reinforcing effects of nicotine and relapse to nicotine‐seeking behaviour in abstinent subjects based on the actions of cannabinoid (CB) receptor antagonists. However, the effects of CB receptor stimulation on nicotine self‐administration and reinstatement have not been systematically studied. Here, we studied the effects of WIN 55,212‐2, a CB1/2 agonist, on intravenous nicotine self‐administration under fixed‐ratio (FR) and progressive‐ratio (PR) schedules of reinforcement in rats. The effects of WIN 55,212‐2 on responding for food under similar schedules were also studied. In addition, the effects of WIN 55,212‐2 on nicotine‐ and cue‐induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking were also studied, as well as the effects of WIN 55,212‐2 on nicotine discrimination. WIN 55,212‐2 decreased nicotine self‐administration under the FR schedule. However, co‐administration of WIN 55,212‐2 with nicotine decreased responding for food, which suggests that this effect was non‐selective. In contrast, WIN 55,212‐2 increased both nicotine self‐administration and responding for food under the PR schedule, produced dose‐dependent reinstatement of nicotine seeking, and enhanced the reinstatement effects of nicotine‐associated cues. Some of these effects were reversed by the CB1 antagonist rimonabant, but not by the CB2 antagonist AM630. In the drug discrimination tests between saline and 0.4 mg/kg nicotine, WIN 55,212‐2 produced no nicotine‐like discriminative effects but significantly potentiated discriminative stimulus effects of nicotine at the low dose through a CB1‐receptor‐dependent mechanism. These findings indicate that cannabinoid CB1‐receptor stimulation increases the reinforcing effects of nicotine and precipitates relapse to nicotine‐seeking behaviour in abstinent subjects. Thus, modulating CB1‐receptor signalling might have therapeutic value for treating nicotine dependence.
Bifeprunox: a partial agonist at dopamine D2 and serotonin1A receptors, influences nicotine‐seeking behaviour in response to drug‐associated stimuli in rats
Authors: Di Clemente Angelo , Franchi Carlotta , Orrù Alessandro , Arnt Jorn , Cervo Luigi 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTEnvironmental stimuli repeatedly associated with the self‐administered drugs may acquire motivational importance. Because dopamine (DA) D2/D3 partial agonists and D3 antagonists interfere with the ability of drug‐associated cues to induce drug‐seeking behaviour, the present study investigated whether bifeprunox, 7‐[4‐([1,1′biphenyl]‐3‐ylmethyl)‐1‐piperazinyl]‐2(3H)‐benzoxazolone mesylate), a high‐affinity partial agonist of the D2 subfamily of DA receptors and of serotonin1A receptors, influences reinstatement of drug‐associated cue‐induced nicotine‐seeking behaviour. The study also explored whether bifeprunox reduced motivated behaviour by evaluating its effects on reinstatement induced by stimuli conditioned to sucrose. To verify whether bifeprunox interferes with the primary reinforcing properties of either drug or sucrose, we compared its effects on nicotine self‐administration and on sucrose‐reinforced behaviour. Different groups of experimentally naïve, food‐restricted Wistar rats were trained to associate a discriminative stimulus with response‐contingent availability of nicotine or sucrose and tested for reinstatement after extinction of nicotine or sucrose‐reinforced behaviour. Bifeprunox (4–16 µg/kg, s.c.) dose‐dependently attenuated the response‐reinstating effects of nicotine‐associated cues. Higher doses (64–250 µg/kg, s.c.) reduced spontaneous locomotor activity and suppressed operant responding induced by sucrose‐associated cues and by the primary reinforcing properties of nicotine or sucrose. Provided they can be extrapolated to abstinent human addicts, these results suggest the potential therapeutic use of partial DA D2 receptor agonist to prevent cue‐controlled nicotine‐seeking and relapse. The profile of action of high doses of bifeprunox remains to be examined for potential sedation or anhedonia effects.
The German multi‐centre study on smoking‐related behavior—description of a population‐based case‐control study
Authors: Lindenberg Annette , Brinkmeyer Jürgen , Dahmen Norbert , Gallinat Jürgen , de Millas Walter , Mobascher Arian , Wagner Michael , Schulze‐Rauschenbach Svenja , Gründer Gerhard , Spreckelmeyer Katja N. , Clepce Marion , Thürauf Norbert , von der Goltz Christoph , Kiefer Falk , Steffens Michael , Holler Daniela , Díaz‐Lacava Amalia , Wienker Thomas , Winterer Georg 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTTobacco smoking is a major risk factor for most of the diseases leading in mortality. Nicotine dependence (ND), which sustains regular smoking, is now acknowledged to be under substantial genetic control with some environmental contribution. At present, however, genetic studies on ND are mostly conducted in populations that have been poorly characterized with regard to ND‐related phenotypes for the simple reason that the respective populations were not primarily collected to study ND. The German multi‐centre study ‘Genetics of Nicotine Dependence and Neurobiological Phenotypes’, which is funded by the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG) as part of the Priority Program (Schwerpunktprogramm) SPP1226: ‘Nicotine—Molecular and Physiological Effects in CNS’, was intended to overcome some of these inherent problems of current genetic studies of ND. The multi‐centre study is a population‐based case‐control study of smokers and never‐smokers (n = 2396). The study was unique worldwide because it was the first large‐scale genetic study specifically addressing ND with the collection of a wide range of environmental, psychosocial and neurobiological phenotypes. Study design and major population characteristics with emphasis on risk prediction of smoking status were presented in this paper.
Behavioral profiling of multiple pairs of rats selectively bred for high and low alcohol intake using the MCSF test
Authors: Roman Erika , Stewart Robert B. , Bertholomey Megan L. , Jensen Meredith L. , Colombo Giancarlo , Hyytiä Petri , Badia‐Elder Nancy E. , Grahame Nicholas J. , Li Ting‐Kai , Lumeng Lawrence 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTGenetic aspects of alcoholism have been modeled using rats selectively bred for extremes of alcohol preference and voluntary alcohol intake. These lines show similar alcohol drinking phenotypes but have different genetic and environmental backgrounds and may therefore display diverse behavioral traits as seen in human alcoholics. The multivariate concentric square field™ (MCSF) test is designed to provoke exploration and behaviors associated with risk assessment, risk taking and shelter seeking in a novel environment. The aim was to use the MCSF to characterize behavioral profiles in rat lines from selective breeding programs in the United States (P/NP, HAD1/LAD1, HAD2/LAD2), Italy (sP/sNP) and Finland (AA/ANA). The open field and elevated plus maze tests were used as reference tests. There were substantial differences within some of the pairs of selectively bred rat lines as well as between all alcohol‐preferring rats. The most pronounced differences within the pairs of lines were between AA and ANA rats and between sP and sNP rats followed by intermediate differences between P and NP rats and minor differences comparing HAD and LAD rats. Among all preferring lines, P, HAD1 and HAD2 rats shared similar behavioral profiles, while AA and sP rats were quite different from each other and the others. No single trait appeared to form a common ‘pathway’ associated with a high alcohol drinking phenotype among all of the alcohol‐preferring lines of rats. The marked behavioral differences found in the different alcohol‐preferring lines may mimic the heterogeneity observed among human alcoholic subtypes.
N‐Acetylcysteine reduces early‐ and late‐stage cocaine seeking without affecting cocaine taking in rats
Authors: Murray Jennifer E. , Everitt Barry J. , Belin David 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTN‐acetylcysteine (NAC) has been suggested to have therapeutic potential in the treatment of drug addiction through its effects on brain glutamate homeostasis. Here we show that NAC treatment resulted in dose‐dependent reductions in cocaine seeking at both early and late stages of acquisition and maintenance of cocaine‐seeking behavior, while confirming it had no effect on cocaine reinforcement. The results indicate that NAC is able to significantly diminish the propensity to seek cocaine early and late in the development of addiction and, taken together with previous work, indicates significant potential in relapse prevention.