bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capture Probability and Behavioral Response of the Robust Redhorse, a Cryptic Riverine Fish, to Electrofishing
Authors: Grabowski Timothy B. , Ferguson Tyler D. , Peterson James T. , Jennings Cecil A. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Conservation and management of riverine species, such as the robust redhorse Moxostoma robustum, can be hindered by incomplete understanding of their population status. Behavioral responses to sampling methods and susceptibility to capture by a particular gear type have implications for the reliability of population assessments yet are rarely evaluated. Consequently, we used radio-tagged robust redhorses in the Ocmulgee River, Georgia, to estimate capture probability when sampled with standard boat electrofishing techniques and to assess behavioral responses of individuals to single and repeated exposures to electrofishing, the recommended sampling method for this species. Transects containing one to eight radio-tagged individuals were sampled. The positions of radio-tagged individuals were recorded before electrofishing and at 1-h, 24-h, and 3–5-d intervals after sampling. We estimated robust redhorse abundance and capture probability by treating each transect as analogous to a repeated sample in time. Only one radio-tagged individual and six untagged individuals were captured after 7.46 h of effort. The radio-tagged fish did not exhibit an immediate response to boat electrofishing, but some did move from their original position after electrofishing. Mean movement was 0.15 km after 1 h, 0.19 km after 24 h, and 0.23 km after 3–5 d. However, this movement was similar to that exhibited by fish located at similar intervals during a related telemetry study without exposure to electrofishing. A mean capture probability of 0.031 with a 95% Bayesian credibility interval of 0.002–0.111 was estimated from the best-approximating model. Electrofishing is not a particularly effective method for capturing this species; therefore, inferences about population size and distribution of this or other cryptic species need to account for low detection probabilities associated with electrofishing. Alternative approaches or multiple strategies should be considered when assessing the status of such species.
Steelhead Genetic Diversity at Multiple Spatial Scales in a Managed Basin: Snake River, Idaho
Authors: Nielsen Jennifer L. , Byrne Alan , Graziano Sara L. , Kozfkay Christine C. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
We investigated the genetic diversity of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss in 74 wild populations and 5 hatchery stocks in Idaho's Snake River basin at the drainage, watershed, and population spatial scales using 11 microsatellite loci. We found significant genetic diversity at multiple spatial scales. Analysis of molecular variance showed that genetic diversity was greater among watersheds within drainages (3.66%) than among drainages (1.97%). Over 94% of the genetic diversity found in the Clearwater, Salmon, and Snake River drainages occurred within individual populations. Estimated effective population sizes ranged from 213 to 486.6 at the drainage scale, from 81.2 to 610.4 at the watershed scale, and from 8.4 to 4,845 at the population scale. The Middle Fork Salmon, South Fork Salmon, Lochsa, and Selway rivers—watersheds managed for wild fish—formed distinct groups in our consensus neighbor-joining (NJ) trees. At the watershed scale our analyses support differentiation of all hatchery and wild stocks. However, this was not the case for analyses at the population scale, where 236 FST pairwise comparisons out of 3,081 (wild and hatchery) were not significantly different. The distribution of genetic diversity across the landscape does not appear to be organized by the A run or B run management designations for anadromous steelhead. The Dworshak hatchery stock was significantly different from all but one population (O'Hara Creek, Selway River) in pairwise FST comparisons and grouped with other Clearwater River drainage populations in our NJ trees. The Oxbow, Sawtooth, and Pahsimeroi hatchery stocks were indistinguishable from each other based on FST analysis. Currently, this study represents the most comprehensive evaluation of genetic diversity in Idaho's steelhead populations across multiple scales with different management histories.
Salmon Carcass Movements in Forest Streams
Authors: Strobel Burke , Shively Daniel R. , Roper Brett B. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
The movements of salmon carcasses over time were studied in two forest streams in the context of a large-scale salmon carcass supplementation program. The objectives were to assess both the level of treatment after stream flows had displaced carcasses and to evaluate whether the magnitude of carcass movements outside of a given reach could be predicted. The movements of hand-placed, radio-tagged salmon carcasses were studied and compared with those of flagged carcasses dropped by helicopter. Repeated surveys showed that, in both streams, radio-tagged carcasses moved, on average, only a short distance, even after high-flow events, the maximum observed movement being 1.14 km after 77 d. In-channel wood and slow-water habitats contributed most to the retention of carcasses. The amount of wood that was incorporated into jams of medium and high complexity (including accumulated pieces of small wood) was the best predictor of the proportion of carcasses that would be retained within a given length of stream, whereas the amount of pool habitat contributed to a lesser degree. A particular high-complexity debris jam, however, confounded the use of hand-placed carcasses to predict the distribution of movements of helicopter-dropped carcasses by retaining almost all carcasses that encountered it. As in other studies, our results demonstrate the importance of wood in retaining salmon carcasses and show that complexity in the form of branches and accumulated small wood makes wood jams effective carcass collectors.
Effect of Chokes on Simultaneous Simulation of Reservoir and Surface Facilities
Authors: Schiozer D. J. , Aziz K. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to show the importance of chokes in the simulation of surface facilities and reservoirs as integrated systems. In order to predict producing rates accurately, it is necessary not only to model the fluid flow in the reservoir but also to couple the gathering system to the reservoir. The interaction between these two parts can have a great influence in the performance of the whole system and this interaction is greatly affected by the use of chokes in surface facilities. Existing choke models are evaluated and the effect of placing chokes in the surface model is studied and some results are presented. Techniques for simultaneous simulation of reservoir, well and surface facilities will be presented in a future paper.
May the rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap be the best option for the reconstruction of complicated large defects of pelvic exenteration for vulvar malignancies after pelvic radiation?
Authors: Karateke Ates , Cam Cetin , Celik Cem , Baykal Bahar , Tosun Ozgur 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Reconstruction of the large defects that develop after pelvic exenteration with local flaps may result in higher morbidity because of poor perineal wound healing after pelvic radiation. A well vascularised reconstructive flap originating from distant non-irradiated areas is needed. We report two cases of pelvic exenteration and rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap procedure in patients with recurrent vulvar malignancies that had undergone external beam pelvic radiation and subsequently developed pelvic fibrosis, necrosis and fistulas. Both flaps were totally viable postoperatively; the abdominal wound healed without any complication, no perineal wound complications developed with a follow-up of nine months. In conclusions, rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap reconstruction seems to be an ideal option for the large defects resulting from exenteration operations in patients with previous perineal radiation.
An increase of elastic tissue fibers in blood vessel walls of placental stem villi and differences in the thickness of blood vessel walls in third trimester pre-eclampsia pregnancies
Authors: Baran Özlem , Tuncer Mehmet , Nergiz Yusuf , Akkuş Murat , Erdemoğlu Mahmut , Büyükbayram H. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
This study has goals of examining whether pre-eclampsia may lead to an increase of elastic tissue fibers in blood vessel walls of placental stem villi or whether there are differences in the thickness of blood vessel walls within these villi when compared to normotensive pregnant women. Non-infarcted placental tissue samples from 28 participants with uncomplicated pregnancies and 26 patients with pre-eclampsia were obtained. After routine histological procedures, the sections were processed either for conventional Verhoeff staining for the demonstration of elastic fiber system. Paraffine sections from placenta biopsies prepared for light microscopic examination were gathered. In uncomplicated pregnancies, terminal villi blood vessels were observed with no stained elastic tissue fibers in most areas. In the pre-eclampsia pregnancy of human placenta, the elastic fibers significiantly increased in terminal villi blood vessel walls which were dark in color, using Verhoeff’s tissue stain, when comparing with the uncomplicated pregnancy group. Our results indicate that an increase of elastic tissue fibers in blood vessels of placental stem villus and terminal villi, and also an increase of wall thickness during pre-eclampsia.
Postoperative meningitis due to a rare pathogen; Alcaligenes xylosoxidans
Authors: Ozer Burcin , Serarslan Yurdal , Duran Nizami , Akdemir Gokhan , Onlen Yusuf 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Alcaligenes xylosoxidans is non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli found in soil and water. It is an aerobic bacterium in the genus Achromobacter. This bacterium is motile, oxidase positive, and catalase positive, which is isolated uncommonly from clinical specimens. In the present paper, we report a case of meningitis associated with A. xylosoxidans in a 38-year-old male patient post neurosurgery.
Reduced risk of colorectal cancer and regular consumption of apples: Hospital based case-control study in Poland
Authors: Jedrychowski Wieslaw , Maugeri Umberto , Pac Agnieszka , Sochacka-Tatara Elzbieta , Galas Aleksander 
Published: May 2009

AbstractExperimental studies in animals and epidemiological evidence supporting the health benefits from apples encouraged the authors to assess the potential protective impact of apples on the risk of colorectal cancer in the course of the hospital based case-control study. A total of 186 incident cases of colorectal cancer — for which the information on histology, anatomic location, and stage of cancer were available — have been enrolled to the study. The comparison group included 211 controls chosen from the patients of the same hospital with no history of cancer and admitted for treatment of non-neoplastic conditions. Interviews of both cases and controls were conducted in hospital settings by trained interviewers. The results showed that the risk of colorectal cancer inversely correlated with daily number of apple servings, but the significant reduction of OR estimates were observed for an intake of one or more apple servings daily (OR = 0.37, 95%CI: 0.15 − 0.91). The risk of colorectal cancer was estimated from the multivariate logistic model including a set of potential confounding variables, such as, demographic characteristics of subjects (age, gender, place of residency, marital status and occupational activity), total energy intake (in tertiles) and intake of vegetables (number of servings per day). No fruits except for apples were significantly associated with the reduced risk of colorectal cancer. The reduction of colorectal risk associated with apple consumption may result from their rich content of flavonoid and other polyphenols, which can inhibit cancer onset and cell proliferation.
Disproportionate correlation between imaging and outcome in an infant with cerebral abscess
Authors: Seddighi Afsoun , Seddighi Amir 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Brain abscesses represent organized foci of suppuration within the parenchyma. In this paper, we describe the case of a 3-month old girl with a large, complicated cerebral abscess. In addition, the course of treatment is presented. The patient’s recovery was excellent. The follow-up MRI showed only subtle porencephalic changes as the only parenchymal sequels, which may have been due to central nervous system (CNS) plasticity in infants.
Metoclopramide induced intermittent opisthotonos in infant
Authors: Balamtekin Necati , Gulgun Mustafa , Sarici S. , Unay Bulent , Dundaroz M. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Metoclopramide is widely used as an antiemetic and a prokinetic agent. Both the antiemetic properties and side effects of the drug are the result of dopamine receptor antagonism within the central nervous system. Therapeutic doses of metoclopramide can produce adverse effects. A 5-month-old girl was referred to our emergency department with the pre-diagnosis of afebrile convulsion. In her medical history, she was mistakenly given 2 mg/kg metoclopramide within a 24 h period, after which she became hypertonic and exhibited intermittent opisthotonos. Complete blood count, electrolytes, liver and renal function tests, blood gas analysis, and urinalysis were all within normal limits. Electroencephalogram, brain CT and cerebrospinal fluid examination were normal. Metoclopramide treatment was discontinued and she was treated with biperiden, which led to an improvement in symptoms after 15 minutes and complete remission in 60 minutes. Intermittent opisthotonos may be confused with convulsion in infant and thus lead to an unnecessary hospital admission. Physicians should be aware that metoclopramide is widely used in the pediatric population and children are susceptible to the side effects of metoclopramide and the side effects may present as “intermittent opisthotonos” as observed in our patient.
A novel kinetic-spectrophotometric method for determination of nitrites in water
Authors: Moldovan Zenovia 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA simple, selective and sensitive kinetic method for the determination of nitrite in water was developed. The method is based on the catalytic effect of nitrite on the oxidation of methylene blue (MB) with bromate in a sulfuric acid medium. During the oxidation process, absorbance of the reaction mixture decreases with the increasing time, inversely proportional to the nitrite concentration. The reaction rate was monitored spectrophotometrically at λ = 666 nm within 30 s of mixing. Linear calibration graph was obtained in the range of 0.005–0.5 μg mL−1 with a relative standard deviation of 2.09 % for six measurements at 0.5 μg mL−1. The detection limit was found to be 0.0015 μg mL−1. The effect of different factors such as acidity, time, bromate concentration, MB concentration, ionic strength, and order of reactants additions is reported. Interference of the most common foreign ions was also investigated. The optimum experimental conditions were: 0.38 mol L−1 H2SO4, 5 × 10.4 mol L−1 KBrO3, 1.25 × 10.5 mol L−1 MB, 0.3 mol L−1 sodium nitrate, and 25°C. The proposed method was conveniently applied for the determination of nitrite in spiked drinking water samples.
Tuning the Thermal Relaxation of a Photochromic Dye in Functionalized Mesoporous Silica
Authors: Mühlstein Lea A. , Sauer Jürgen , Bein Thomas 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this study, it is shown that the kinetics of the back‐switching reaction of a photochromic spirooxazine dye encapsulated in mesoporous silica materials can be significantly influenced both by the space available to the dye molecules and by the functionalization of the silica wall. Steric hindrance of the ring‐closing process due to high dye content or small pore size leads to a slow fading speed of the irradiated dye species. Further, the density of surface silanol‐groups present at the silica walls has an effect on the switching behavior of the dye because of their ability to stabilize the zwitterionic merocyanine isomers, thereby slowing the fading process from the open to the closed form. This stabilization effect is further enhanced in the presence of acidic functional groups, while, in contrast, basic functional groups reduce the stabilization of the open‐from dye isomers, and thus a faster decay of the irradiated species is observed. Control over the fading speed of photochromic dyes is interesting for applications requiring a particularly fast or slow fading speed.
Orofacial clefts in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997–2004
Authors: Genisca Alicia E. , Frías Jaime L. , Broussard Cheryl S. , Honein Margaret A. , Lammer Edward J. , Moore Cynthia A. , Shaw Gary M. , Murray Jeffrey C. , Yang Wei , Rasmussen Sonja A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractOrofacial clefts are among the most common types of birth defects, but their clinical presentation has not been well described in a geographically diverse US population. To describe the birth prevalence and phenotype of nonsyndromic clefts, we used data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS), a multi‐site, population‐based, case‐control study aimed at identifying genetic and environmental risk factors for birth defects. Included in the study were infants born during 1997–2004 with a cleft lip (CL), cleft lip with cleft palate (CLP), or cleft palate (CP). Infants with clefts associated with recognized single‐gene disorders, chromosome abnormalities, holoprosencephaly, or amniotic band sequence were excluded. A total of 3,344 infants with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts were identified, including 751 with CL, 1,399 with CLP, and 1,194 with CP, giving birth prevalence estimates of 0.3, 0.5, and 0.4/1,000 live births, respectively. Among infants with CLP where cleft laterality was specified, about twice as many had unilateral vs. bilateral involvement, while for CL there were over 10 times as many with unilateral versus bilateral involvement. Involvement was most often left‐sided. About one‐quarter of infants with CP had Pierre Robin sequence. Over 80% of infants had an isolated orofacial cleft. Among infants with CL or CLP, heart, limb, and other musculoskeletal defects were most commonly observed, while heart, limb, and central nervous system defects were most common among infants with CP. Better understanding of the birth prevalence and phenotype may help guide clinical care as well as contribute to an improved understanding of pathogenesis. Published 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Konjugierte Polyelektrolyte: Synthese, Photophysik und Anwendungen
Authors: Jiang Hui , Taranekar Prasad , Reynolds John R. , Schanze Kirk S. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIonische Polymere in Aktion: Konjugierte Polyelektrolyte gehören zu einer rasch wachsenden Klasse multifunktioneller Polymere, die ein π‐konjugiertes Rückgrat aufweisen und mit ionischen Gruppen versehen sind, um ihre Löslichkeit zu verbessern. Diese Materialien wurden für Anwendungen in Fluoreszenzbiosensoren sowie in Polymer‐Leuchtdioden und ‐Solarzellen genutzt. MV2+=Methylviologen.magnified imageDie Entwicklung organischer optoelektronischer Polymere hat einen Punkt erreicht, an dem die Kombination aus einer konjugierten Hauptkette mit maßgeschneiderter Struktur und solubilisierenden oder anderweitig modifizierenden Substituenten in den Seitenketten den Zugang zu einer neuen Klasse von Materialien ermöglicht: Konjugierte Polyelektrolyte haben einzigartige Eigenschaften wie Löslichkeit und Verarbeitbarkeit in Wasser, Excitonen‐ und Ladungstransport entlang der Hauptkette, Absorption und Fluoreszenz mit variabler Bandlücke, ionische Wechselwirkungen sowie Aggregationsphänomene. Durch diese Charakteristika kommen die Materialien für Anwendungen in Betracht, die von Leuchtdioden und Farbbildschirmen über Photovoltaik und Photodetektoren zu chemischen und biologischen Sensoren reichen. Dieser Aufsatz zeichnet die Entwicklung der CPE‐Strukturen von einfachen Polymeren hin zu komplexen Materialien nach. Ebenso werden photophysikalische Aspekte wie die verstärkte Löschung in Makromolekülen und Aggregaten beschrieben, und es wird illustriert, dass diesen Materialien durch ihre physikalischen und elektronischen Eigenschaften zahlreiche Einsatzmöglichkeiten offenstehen.
Efficient Replication Bypass of Size‐Expanded DNA Base Pairs in Bacterial Cells
Authors: Delaney James C. , Gao Jianmin , Liu Haibo , Shrivastav Nidhi , Essigmann John M. , Kool Eric T. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractGroß, aber nicht zu groß: Vergrößerte DNA‐Basen (xDNA) können natürliche DNA‐Sequenzen in der Replizierung kodieren. In‐vitro‐Experimente mit einer DNA‐Polymerase belegen den Nucleotideinbau mit korrekter Paarung gegenüberliegend zu xDNA‐Basen, und bei In‐vivo‐Replizierungen mit E. coli führten die beiden xDNA‐Basen xA und xC (siehe Bild) zum Einbau der korrekten Partner.magnified image
Die Chemie von niedrig koordiniertem Phosphor
Authors: Russell Christopher A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDie jüngsten Entwicklungen bei Verbindungen mit niedrig koordiniertem Phosphor zeigen klar, dass dieses Element noch immer voller Überraschungen steckt. Beispielsweise diente die Substitution von CR durch P bei neuen Phosphaalkinen dazu, mutmaßliche Intermediate einer wichtigen Transformation zu stabilisieren und neuartige Diphosphacyclobutadien‐Sandwich‐Komplexe herzustellen (siehe Schema).magnified image
Low‐Temperature Atomic Layer Deposition of Copper Metal Thin Films: Self‐Limiting Surface Reaction of Copper Dimethylamino‐2‐propoxide with Diethylzinc
Authors: Lee Byoung H. , Hwang Jae K. , Nam Jae W. , Lee Song U. , Kim Jun T. , Koo Sang‐M. , Baunemann A. , Fischer Roland A. , Sung Myung M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractEin einheitlicher, winkeltreuer dünner Film aus reinem Kupfermetall wurde bei sehr niedrigen Substrattemperaturen (100–120 °C) auf Si(100)‐Substraten durch Atomlagenabscheidung erzeugt, an der ein Ligandenaustausch beteiligt ist (siehe Schema). Gemusterte dünne Kupferfilme aus Cu‐Nanoröhren (Durchmesser 150 nm, Länge 12 μm) wurden ebenfalls hergestellt.magnified image
Nickel‐Catalyzed Formation of a Carbon–Nitrogen Bond at the β Position of Saturated Ketones
Authors: Ueno Satoshi , Shimizu Ryosuke , Kuwano Ryoichi 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPropiophenon und verwandte Ethylketone reagieren mit Morpholin in Gegenwart von K3PO4, Chlorbenzol und dem [Ni(cod)2]/PMe3‐Katalysator unter selektiver Bildung einer Kohlenstoff‐Stickstoff‐Bindung an der β‐Position (siehe Schema; cod=Cycloocta‐1,5‐dien). Sekundäre Amine als Substrate liefern die entsprechenden β‐Enaminone.magnified image
Self‐Mediated Stereoselective Oxidation of Thia‐Capped Cyclodextrins
Authors: Armspach Dominique , Matt Dominique , Toupet Loic 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSelbstkontrolle: endo‐Sulfoxide entstehen selektiv, wenn Thia‐überdachte Cyclodextrine mit m‐Chlorperoxybenzoesäure (m‐CPBA) in Wasser oxidiert werden, wobei intermediär ein Oxidans‐Cyclodextrin‐Einschlusskomplex auftritt. Bei Verwendung eines organischen Mediums bilden sich bevorzugt exo‐Sulfoxide.magnified image
Determination of the Superradiance Coherence Length of Directly Linked Linear Porphyrin Arrays at the Single‐Molecule Level
Authors: Yang Jaesung , Yoo Hyejin , Aratani Naoki , Osuka Atsuhiro , Kim Dongho 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDer Verlauf des Photobleichens zeigt an, dass die Excitonendelokalisierungslänge in direkt verknüpften Porphyrinketten (siehe Bild) ungefähr vier bis fünf Porphyrineinheiten beträgt. Dieses Resultat gibt Einblick in den Mechanismus der Lichtübertragung im Festkörper und belegt, dass Porphyrinanordnungen als molekulare photonische Drähte fungieren könnten.magnified image