bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of cardio‐ankle vascular index in chronic dialysis patients
Authors: Shen Tsu‐Wang , Wang Chih‐Hsien , Lai Yu‐Hsien , Hsu Bang‐Gee , Liou Hung‐Hsiang , Fang Te‐Chao 
Published: August 2010

Eur J Clin Invest 2010; 41 (1): 45–51AbstractBackground  Arterial stiffness is an independent predictor of all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality, particularly in patients with chronic kidney disease and end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). The objective of this study was to determine the risk factors for de novo arterial stiffness in long‐term dialysis patients.Materials and methods  A total of 59 dialysis patients without initial arterial stiffness were studied for 1 year. Cardio‐ankle vascular index (CAVI) was measured and a CAVI value ≥ 9 at the end of 1 year was defined as de novo arterial stiffness. The initial baseline characteristics and laboratory parameters and final laboratory parameters after 1 year were analysed.Results  Dialysis patients with de novo arterial stiffness were significantly older than dialysis patients without de novo arterial stiffness. Initial serum phosphorus and calcium × phosphorus product of dialysis patients with de novo arterial stiffness were significantly greater than those of dialysis patients without de novo arterial stiffness. The haematocrit of dialysis patients with de novo arterial stiffness was significantly lower than that of dialysis patients without de novo arterial stiffness. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age and initial serum phosphorus were independent risk factors for de novo arterial stiffness in dialysis patients.Conclusion  After 1‐year follow‐up, de novo arterial stiffness in dialysis patients as determined by CAVI was significantly associated with age and initial serum phosphorus.
The influence of landscape on population structure of four invertebrates in groundwater springs
Authors: MURPHY NICHOLAS P. , GUZIK MICHELLE T. , WILMER JESSICA WORTHINGTON 
Published: August 2010

Summary1. The unique aquatic fauna of the island‐like groundwater springs of arid inland Australia raises important questions as to how aquatic species persist in very isolated and fragmented habitats and the role that dispersal may play in mitigating/mediating the influence of landscape structure and determining population structure. By determining the relationship between genetics and geography (i.e. phylogeography), the historical processes responsible for population structure can be determined.2. We undertook comparative phylogeographic studies of invertebrates from springs south of Lake Eyre. Clusters of springs lying within and between surface drainage catchments (which provide a potential connection between springs) were sampled, and the phylogeographic structure of four coexisting species, an ostracod Ngarwa dirga, a snail Fonscochlea accepta, an isopod Phreatomerus latipes and an amphipod Wangiannachiltonia guzikae, was examined.3. Clear differences in the geographic patterns of genetic structure were found amongst the four species. No discernable genetic structure was found in ostracod and snail populations, even amongst springs lying 20 km apart in separate surface catchments; isopod populations were highly genetically structured amongst springs located in separate catchments, but not within catchments, whilst amphipod populations were highly genetically structured amongst springs both within and between catchments.4. The results suggest that differences in dispersal ability of each species, and not the overall fragmented nature of the springs, may have led to large differences in phylogeographic history. Interestingly, the relative dispersal ability of these species may be related to their vulnerability to and recovery from large‐scale flood events. Therefore, despite the highly isolated and fragmented nature of the springs, the landscape has not strongly influenced the population structure of the aquatic invertebrate community as a whole nor has it led to the evolution of common life histories.
Effects of coalbed natural gas development on fish assemblages in tributary streams of the Powder and Tongue rivers
Authors: DAVIS WINDY N. , BRAMBLETT ROBERT G. , ZALE ALEXANDER V. 
Published: August 2010

Summary1. Extraction of coalbed natural gas (CBNG) often results in disposal of large quantities of CBNG product water, which may affect aquatic ecosystems. We evaluated the effects of CBNG development on fish assemblages in tributary streams of the Powder and Tongue rivers. We used treatment and control, impact versus reference sites comparisons, surveys of CBNG product‐water streams and in situ fish survival approaches to determine if CBNG development affected fish assemblages.2. Several of our results suggested that CBNG development did not affect fish assemblages. Species richness and index of biotic integrity (IBI) scores were similar in streams with and streams without CBNG development, and overall biotic integrity was not related to the number or density of CBNG wells. Fish occurred in one stream that was composed largely or entirely of CBNG product water. Sentinel fish survived in cages at treatment sites where no or few fish were captured, suggesting that factors such as lack of stream connectivity rather than water quality limited fish abundance at these sites. Fish species richness did not differ significantly from 1994 to 2006 in comparisons of CBNG‐developed and undeveloped streams. Biotic integrity declined from 1994 to 2006; however, declines occurred at both impact and reference sites, possibly because of long‐term drought.3. Some evidence suggested that CBNG development negatively affected fish assemblages, or may do so over time. Specific conductivity was on average higher in treatment streams and was negatively related to biotic integrity. Four IBI species richness metrics were negatively correlated with the number or density of CBNG wells in the catchment above sampling sites. Bicarbonate, one of the primary ions in product water, was significantly higher in developed streams and may have limited abundance of longnose dace (Rhinichthys cataractae). Total dissolved solids, alkalinity, magnesium and sulphate were significantly higher in developed streams.4. Biological monitoring conducted before the development of CBNG, and continuing through the life of development and reclamation, together with data on the quantity, quality and fate of CBNG product water will allow robust assessment of potential effects of future CBNG development worldwide.
Abiotic and biotic processes in lakes recovering from acidification: the relative roles of metal toxicity and fish predation as barriers to zooplankton re‐establishment
Authors: VALOIS AMANDA , BILL KELLER W. , RAMCHARAN CHARLES 
Published: August 2010

Summary1. Recovery of acidified aquatic systems may be affected by both abiotic and biotic processes. However, the relative roles of these factors in regulating recovery may be difficult to determine. Lakes around the smelting complexes near Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, formerly affected by acidification and metal exploration, provide an excellent opportunity to examine the factors regulating the recovery of aquatic communities.2. Substantial recovery of zooplankton communities has occurred in these lakes following declines in acidity and metal concentrations, although toxicity by residual metals still appears to limit survival for many species. Metal bioavailability, not simply total metal concentrations, was very important in determining effects on zooplankton and was associated with a decrease in the relative abundance of cyclopoids and Daphnia spp., resulting in communities dominated by Holopedium gibberum.3.  As chemical habitat quality has improved and fish, initially yellow perch and later piscivores (e.g. smallmouth bass, walleye), have invaded, biotic effects on the zooplankton are also becoming apparent. Simple fish assemblages dominated by perch appear to limit the survival of some zooplankton species, particularly Daphnia mendotae.4. Both abiotic (residual metal contamination) and biotic (predation from planktivorous fish) processes have very important effects on zooplankton recovery. The re‐establishment of the zooplankton in lakes recovering from stress will require both improvements in habitat quality and the restoration of aquatic food webs.
Experimental evidence for the Berg hypothesis: vegetative traits are more sensitive than pollination traits to environmental variation
Authors: Pélabon Christophe , Armbruster W. Scott , Hansen Thomas F. 
Published: August 2010

Summary1. In plants with specialized pollination, functionally important floral traits are expected to be under strong selection for accuracy. This may, however, conflict with a general tendency for size‐related traits to covary. Previous studies have addressed this fundamental conflict by analysing natural variation across samples of structures, but here we compare the effects of experimentally induced environmental differences on variation in serially homologous pollination and vegetative traits.2. We examined the effects of experimental variation in nutrient availability and total daily irradiance on two pairs of serially homologous traits in two populations ofDalechampia scandens: (i) The length of the floral bract blade and the length of the leaf blade, and (ii) the length of stipules associated with bracts and leaves. The first pair contrasts a floral trait that is likely to experience canalizing selection (bract blade) with a homologous vegetative trait that does not experience canalizing selection (leaf blade). The second contrasts homologous floral and vegetative traits that are likely to experience similar selective pressures. We also examined variational properties of two blossom traits that interact directly with pollinators: the area of the resin gland and the length of the styles.3. Variation in the bract blades was decoupled from variation in the vegetative traits and followed the variational patterns of the two blossom traits that are functional in pollination. Stipules associated with bracts and leaves were affected similarly by the experimental treatments in a pattern characteristic of vegetative traits.4. These results are consistent with the Berg hypothesis of decoupling and canalization of specialized floral structures and support the idea that the variability can evolve in response to selection on variation.
Integrating aquatic and terrestrial components to construct a complete carbon budget for a north temperate lake district
Authors: BUFFAM ISHI , TURNER MONICA G. , DESAI ANKUR R. , HANSON PAUL C. , RUSAK JAMES A. , LOTTIG NOAH R. , STANLEY EMILY H. , CARPENTER STEPHEN R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe development of complete regional carbon (C) budgets for different biomes is an integral step in the effort to predict global response and potential feedbacks to a changing climate regime. Wetland and lake contributions to regional C cycling remain relatively uncertain despite recent research highlighting their importance. Using a combination of field surveys and tower‐based carbon dioxide (CO2) flux measurements, modeling, and published literature, we constructed a complete C budget for the Northern Highlands Lake District in northern Wisconsin/Michigan, a ∼6400 km2region rich in lakes and wetlands. This is one of the first regional C budgets to incorporate aquatic and terrestrial C cycling under the same framework. We divided the landscape into three major compartments (forests, wetlands, and surface waters) and quantified all major C fluxes into and out of those compartments, with a particular focus on atmospheric exchange but also including sedimentation in lakes and hydrologic fluxes. Landscape C storage was dominated by peat‐containing wetlands and lake sediments, which make up only 20% and 13% of the landscape area, respectively, but contain >80% of the total fixed C pool (ca. 400 Tg). We estimated a current regional C accumulation of 1.1±0.1 Tg yr−1, and the largest regional flux was forest net ecosystem exchange (NEE) into aggrading forests for a total of 1.0±0.1 Tg yr−1. Mean wetland NEE (0.12±0.06 Tg yr−1into wetlands), lake CO2emissions and riverine efflux (each ca. 0.03±0.01 Tg yr−1) were smaller but of consequence to the overall budget. Hydrologic transport from uplands/wetlands to surface waters within the region was an important vector of terrestrial C. Regional C fluxes and pools would be misrepresented without inclusion of surface waters and wetlands, and C budgets in heterogeneous landscapes open opportunities to examine the sensitivities of important fluxes to changes in climate and land use/land cover.
Stem respiration in tropical forests along an elevation gradient in the Amazon and Andes
Authors: ROBERTSON AMANDA L. , MALHI YADVINDER , FARFAN‐AMEZQUITA FILIO , ARAGÃO LUIZ EDUARDO O. C. , SILVA ESPEJO JAVIER EDUARDO , ROBERTSON MATTHEW A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAutotrophic respiration involves the use of fixed carbon by plants for their own metabolism, resulting in the release of carbon dioxide as a by‐product. Little is known of how autotrophic respiration components vary across environmental gradients, particularly in tropical ecosystems. Here, we present stem CO2 efflux data measured across an elevation transect spanning ca. 2800 m in the Peruvian Amazon and Andes. Forest plots from five elevations were studied: 194, 210, 1000, 1500, and 3025 m asl Stem CO2 efflux (Rs) values from each plot were extrapolated to the 1‐ha plot level. Mean Rs per unit stem surface area declined significantly with elevation, from 1.14±0.12 at 210 m elevation to 0.62±0.09 μmol C m−2 s−1 at 3025 m elevation. When adjusted for changing forest structure with elevation, this is equivalent to 6.45±1.12 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 at 210 m elevation to 2.94±0.19 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 at 3025 m elevation. We attempted to partition stem respiration into growth and maintenance respiration components for each site. Both growth and maintenance respiration rates per unit stem showed similar, moderately significant absolute declines with elevation, but the proportional decline in growth respiration rates was much greater. Stem area index (SAI) showed little trend along the transect, with declining tree stature at higher elevations being offset by an increased number of small trees. This trend in SAI is sensitive to changes in forest stature or size structure. In the context of rapid regional warming over the 21st century, such indirect, ecosystem‐level temperature responses are likely to be as important as the direct effects of temperature on maintenance respiration rates.
Primary mucin‐producing tumours of the salivary glands: a clinicopathological and morphometric study
Authors: Yakirevich Evgeny , Sabo Edmond , Klorin Geula , Alos Llucia , Cardesa Antonio , Ellis Gary L , Shumway Brian S , Gnepp Douglas R 
Published: August 2010

Yakirevich E, Sabo E, Klorin G, Alos L, Cardesa A, Ellis G L, Shumway B S & Gnepp D R (2010) Histopathology 57, 395–409 Primary mucin‐producing tumours of the salivary glands: a clinicopathological and morphometric studyAims:  To determine clinicopathological and morphometric features that discriminate between mucin‐producing primary salivary gland carcinomas.Materials and results:  Fifteen mucin‐producing tumours were stratified into five colloid carcinomas (CCs), four mucinous cystadenocarcinomas (MCAs), three mucin‐rich salivary duct carcinomas (SDCs) and three mucin‐rich mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MECs). The mean patient age was 70, 58, 43 and 63 years for CC, MCA, SDC and MEC, respectively. Eleven of 15 patients were female. The majority of CC cases originated from major salivary glands; MCA showed a predilection for the minor salivary glands. No disease‐related mortality was observed in the CC group; one patient died in the MCA group, and one in the SDC group. Receiver–operating characteristic curve analysis revealed an optimal cut‐off point of 17% of the tumour cells in contact with stroma that best distinguished between the CC and MCA. Histomorphometric measurements revealed that CC was best differentiated from MCA by smaller nuclear size and more regular chromatin.Conclusions:  Strict morphological criteria of CC coupled with assessment of the tumour cell/stroma relationship and the nuclear features facilitate discrimination between mucinous tumours of salivary gland.
Nature and nurture: T‐cell receptor‐dependent and T‐cell receptor‐independent differentiation cues in the selection of the memory T‐cell pool
Authors: Kim Chulwoo , Williams Matthew A. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe initiation of a T‐cell response begins with the interaction of an individual T‐cell clone with its cognate antigen presented by MHC. Although the strength of the T‐cell receptor (TCR) –antigen–MHC (TCR‐pMHC) interaction plays an important and obvious role in the recruitment of T cells into the immune response, evidence in recent years has suggested that the strength of this initial interaction can influence various other aspects of the fate of an individual T‐cell clone and its daughter cells. In this review, we will describe differences in the way CD4+ and CD8+ T cells incorporate antigen‐driven differentiation and survival signals during the response to acute infection. Furthermore, we will discuss increasing evidence that the quality and/or quantity of the initial TCR‐pMHC interaction can drive the differentiation and long‐term survival of T helper type 1 memory populations.
Parallel evolution of cytochrome b mediated bifenazate resistance in the citrus red mite Panonychus citri
Authors: Van Leeuwen T. , Van Nieuwenhuyse P. , Vanholme B. , Dermauw W. , Nauen R. , Tirry L. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBifenazate is a recently developed acaricide that is mainly used to control spider mites on a variety of crops. Although first thought to be a neurotoxin, genetic evidence obtained from bifenazate resistant Tetranychus urticae strains suggested an alternative mode of action as a Qo pocket inhibitor of the mitochondrial complex III. In this study, we reveal how bifenazate resistance in strains of Panonychus citri is maternally inherited and can confer cross‐resistance to the known Qo inhibitor acequinocyl. The mitochondrial genome of P. citri was sequenced and Qo pocket mutations were shown to be linked with the resistant trait. Parallel evolution of cytochrome b mediated bifenazate resistance corroborates the alternative mode of action and yet again illustrates that care should be taken when employing Qo inhibitors as crop protection compounds.
Quality characteristics improvement of low‐phenylalanine toast bread
Authors: Mohsen Sobhy M. , Yaseen Attia A. , Ammar Abdalla M. , Mohammad Ayman A. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThis study was designed to prepare and evaluate low‐phenylalanine toast bread made from gliadin‐free wheat flour and hydrocolloids. Wheat protein fraction (gliadin) rich in phenylalanine was extracted using aqueous alcohol solution for the production of low‐phenylalanine wheat flour. Pectin, gum arabic and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) were used separately to improve the quality of bread at levels of 1, 2 and 3%. Chemical, rheological, organoleptic, baking, staling and microstructure of bread were studied. Phenylalanine content of gliadin‐free bread samples reduced by 43.2% compared with control. Separation of gliadin negatively affected the rheological properties of dough and baking quality of bread, while rheological properties, baking quality and staling were improved upon hydrocolloids addition. Microscopic examination of crumb structure revealed remarkable differences in control and treated breads. It was found that acceptable bread could be produced using gliadin‐free wheat flour with the addition of pectin or CMC up to 2 and 3%, respectively.
Quality variations in flours used for pretzel manufacturing
Authors: Yao Ni , Seetharaman Koushik 
Published: August 2010

SummaryResearch on the flour properties and their influence on pretzel characteristics is scarce. In the first part of the study, flour protein quantity and quality, flour pasting properties and solvent retention properties of 108 flour samples were investigated to help profile the flour properties used by the pretzel industry. Four different flours with a wider protein range than what was revealed in the flour evaluation were selected to produce pretzels and to determine the relationship between flour properties and the final product quality. Pretzel hardness, colour and pasting properties were used as a measure of pretzel quality. Results indicated that hard wheat flour would produce a harder pretzel but would not affect the surface colour of final product. However, soft wheat flour with a lower damaged starch, low water absorption levels and lower water binding powers during operations is desired for making hard pretzel.
Effects of CO2 and O2 shocks at high temperature on postharvest quality of cold‐stored citrus fruit
Authors: Rojas‐Argudo Cristina , Ángel Del Río Miguel , Montesinos‐Herrero Clara , Palou Lluís 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe effect of CO2 or O2 shocks at high temperature on the quality of citrus fruits stored at 5 °C for up to 6 weeks followed by shelf life of 1 week at 20 °C was investigated. ‘Ortanique’ and ‘Nadorcott’ mandarins exposed to 95 kPa CO2 at 33 °C for 24 h showed apparent rind physiological disorders and a global loss of fruit quality. Exposure to CO2 concentrations up to 50 kPa at 33 °C for 24 h did not adversely affect mandarin quality. Moreover, the treatment of mandarins and ‘Valencia’ oranges with 15 kPa CO2 and 30 kPa O2, respectively, both at 33 °C for 48 h, reduced weight and rind firmness loss and prevented the accumulation of fermentative volatiles on cold‐stored fruit.
Moisture sorption isotherms and isosteric heat of sorption of coffee in different processing levels
Authors: Corrêa Paulo C. , Goneli André L. D. , Júnior Paulo C. A. , De Oliveira Gabriel H. H. , Valente Domingos S. M. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe desorption isotherms and thermodynamic properties of coffee from different processing stages were obtained during the drying process of this product. The isotherms were determined by a static gravimetric method for various temperature and humidity conditions. Equilibrium moisture content (Me) data were correlated by several mathematical models and an artificial neural network (ANN) model. The Me for coffee fruits, pulped coffee and green coffee increased with an increase in the water activity (aw) at any particular temperature. At a constant aw, coffee fruits samples had higher Me than the remaining coffee samples. Based on statistical parameters, the ANN model, modified Henderson and GAB models were adequate to describe the sorption characteristics of the samples. Isosteric heat of sorption was evaluated by means of the Clausius–Clapeyron equation. It decreased with increasing moisture content. The coffee fruits had higher isosteric heat of sorption than that pulped coffee and green coffee.
Antioxidative and reducing capacity, macroelements content and sensorial properties of buckwheat‐enhanced gluten‐free bread
Authors: Wronkowska Małgorzata , Zielińska Danuta , Szawara‐Nowak Dorota , Troszyńska Agnieszka , Soral‐Śmietana Maria 
Published: August 2010

SummaryCommon buckwheat flour (BF) was used to substitute 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of corn starch, the main component of a gluten‐free bread formula, to make buckwheat‐enhanced gluten‐free breads. The 40% BF‐enhanced gluten‐free bread showed the highest antioxidant capacity against ABTS+˙ and DPPH˙ radicals (4.1 and 2.5 μmol Trolox g−1DM, respectively) and reducing capacity measured by cyclic voltammetry (1.5 μmol Trolox g−1DM). The antioxidant and reducing capacity of buckwheat‐enhanced gluten‐free breads were positively correlated with their total phenolic contents (r = 0.97). The 40% BF‐enhanced gluten‐free bread showed the highest overall sensory quality (7.1 units) when compared to control gluten‐free bread (1.8 units). The linear relationship between applied increasing BF doses in gluten‐free bread formula and magnesium, phosphorus and potassium content in breads was noted. It was concluded that 40% BF‐enhanced gluten‐free bread could be developed and dedicated to those people suffering from coeliac disease.