bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An intermolecular disulfide‐based light switch for chloroplast psbD gene expression in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Schwarz Christian , Bohne Alexandra‐Viola , Wang Fei , Cejudo Francisco Javier , Nickelsen Jörg 
Published: June 2012

SummaryExpression of the chloroplast psbD gene encoding the D2 protein of the photosystem II reaction center is regulated by light. In the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, D2 synthesis requires a high‐molecular‐weight complex containing the RNA stabilization factor Nac2 and the translational activator RBP40. Based on size exclusion chromatography analyses, we provide evidence that light control of D2 synthesis depends on dynamic formation of the Nac2/RBP40 complex. Furthermore, 2D redox SDS–PAGE assays suggest an intermolecular disulfide bridge between Nac2 and Cys11 of RBP40 as the putative molecular basis for attachment of RBP40 to the complex in light‐grown cells. This covalent link is reduced in the dark, most likely via NADPH‐dependent thioredoxin reductase C, supporting the idea of a direct relationship between chloroplast gene expression and chloroplast carbon metabolism during dark adaption of algal cells.
Systematic silencing of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthetic genes reveals the major route to papaverine in opium poppy
Authors: Desgagné‐Penix Isabel , Facchini Peter J. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryPapaverine, a major benzylisoquinoline alkaloid in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum), is used as a vasodilator and antispasmodic. Conversion of the initial intermediate (S)‐norcoclaurine to papaverine involves 3′‐hydroxylation, four O‐methylations and dehydrogenation. However, our understanding of papaverine biosynthesis remains controversial more than a century after an initial scheme was proposed. In vitro assays and in vivo labeling studies have been insufficient to establish the sequence of conversions, the potential role of the intermediate (S)‐reticuline, and the enzymes involved. We used virus‐induced gene silencing in opium poppy to individually suppress the expression of six genes with putative roles in papaverine biosynthesis. Suppression of the gene encoding coclaurine N‐methyltransferase dramatically increased papaverine levels at the expense of N‐methylated alkaloids, indicating that the main biosynthetic route to papaverine proceeds via N‐desmethylated compounds rather than through (S)‐reticuline. Suppression of genes encoding (S)‐3′‐hydroxy‐N‐methylcoclaurine 4‐O‐methyltransferase and norreticuline 7‐O‐methyltransferase, which accept certain N‐desmethylated alkaloids, reduced papaverine content. In contrast, suppression of genes encoding N‐methylcoclaurine 3′‐hydroxylase or reticuline 7‐O‐methyltransferase, which are specific for N‐methylated alkaloids, did not affect papaverine levels. Suppression of norcoclaurine 6‐O‐methyltransferase transcript levels significantly suppressed total alkaloid accumulation, implicating (S)‐coclaurine as a key branch‐point intermediate. The differential detection of N‐desmethylated compounds in response to suppression of specific genes highlights the primary route to papaverine.
Conservative surgical treatment for toxic megacolon due to Clostridium difficile infection in a transplanted pediatric patient
Authors: Castillo A. , López J. , Panadero E. , Cerdá J. , Padilla B. , Bustinza A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSevere disease caused by
Clostridium difficile is frequently encountered in transplant recipients and carries a high mortality. Numerous studies have been published on this subject in the adult population, but few in the pediatric setting. A 4‐year‐old boy who had undergone heart transplant 20 months earlier was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit after humoral rejection. Seven days after admission, he developed septic shock, abdominal distension, and paralytic ileus without diarrhea. Pseudomembranous colitis due to
C. difficile was confirmed by microbiological and radiological studies. Despite treatment with rectal vancomycin and intravenous metronidazole, the patient did not improve and required decompressive laparotomy; because of the poor subsequent clinical course, terminal ileostomy and cecostomy were performed in a second operation. Recovery was satisfactory, and surgical reconstruction of intestinal tract was performed 3 months later without complications. Although early surgery with total colectomy is indicated, when there is a poor response to medical treatment in cases of
C. difficile toxic megacolon, the case we present responded favorably to a conservative surgical approach that enabled intestinal integrity to be restored 3 months later. In the pediatric population, less aggressive therapeutic options should be considered, as they have benefits on the subsequent quality of life of the patient.
Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs reduce the stress response during sevoflurane anesthesia
Authors: LIU Z. , LU H. , HE G. , MA H. , WANG J. 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundNon‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs are analgesics commonly used for post‐operative pain. However, their effect on dosages of inhaled anesthetics during surgery is unclear. We investigated the effect of flurbiprofen axetil and parecoxib sodium on the minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane required to blunt stress responses to skin incision under general anesthesia.MethodsOne hundred and five adult patients were randomly allocated to four treatment groups, each receiving sevoflurane: control (sevoflurane only), lidocaine (1 mg/kg bolus, followed by continuous infusion of 20 μg/kg/min after intubation), Intravenous (IV) flurbiprofen (1 mg/kg before skin incision), and IV parecoxib (40 mg before skin incision). Following anesthetic induction and stabilization of end‐tidal sevoflurane concentration, mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were recorded 2 min before and at 5‐min intervals after skin incision. The stable end‐tidal sevoflurane concentration was calculated using an up‐and‐down method.ResultsThe minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane required to blunt the stress responses to skin incision in the control, lidocaine, flurbiprofen, and parecoxib groups was 4.63 ± 0.08%, 2.67 ± 0.08%, 3.33 ± 0.08%, and 3.80 ± 0.11%, respectively. These figures for the later three groups were all significantly less than that of the control group (P = 0.021, P = 0.037, and P = 0.011, respectively); that of the flurbiprofen group was significantly less than the parecoxib (P = 0.034).ConclusionThe non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs flurbiprofen axetil and parecoxib sodium decreased the minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane required to blunt the stress response to skin incision during general anesthesia.
Fine mapping of Co, a gene controlling columnar growth habit located on apple (Malus×domestica Borkh.) linkage group 10
Authors: Moriya Shigeki , Okada Kazuma , Haji Takashi , Yamamoto Toshiya , Abe Kazuyuki 
Published: June 2012

With 2 figures and 3 tablesAbstractTree architecture and shoot morphology are important factors in apple production systems. Because a columnar growth habit facilitates high‐density planting and labour‐saving fruit production methods, columnar apple breeding programmes are spreading worldwide. Columnar growth habit is controlled by a single dominant gene, Co, on linkage group 10. Fine mapping of Co was conducted using 1000 F1 progeny plants from 31 populations. Novel simple sequence‐repeat (SSR) markers were developed based on the genome sequence of apple ‘Golden Delicious’ and analysed for linkage to Co. Graphical genotyping of 22 progeny with recombination event in the vicinity of Co identified three SSR markers (Mdo.chr10.12, Mdo.chr10.13 and Mdo.chr10.14) that co‐segregated with Co. Mdo.chr10.12 and Mdo.chr10.14 are well suited for marker‐assisted selection because the sizes of the alleles linked to Co are different from those found in common ancestors of current apple breeding germplasm. The Co region was delimited to a 196‐kb region of the apple genome, between markers Mdo.chr10.11 and Mdo.chr10.15.
Melanotan‐associated melanoma in situ
Authors: Ong Suyin , Bowling Jonathan 
Published: June 2012

AbstractInjectable synthetic melanotropic peptides (often called melanotan) to enhance tanning are available over the Internet despite being unlicensed compounds with an unproven safety record. There have been reports of dysplastic naevi and melanoma associated with the use of melanotropic peptides. We report a case of melanotan‐associated melanoma in situ.
Metoprolol‐induced psoriatic nail disease
Authors: Gin Alexander , Gin Douglas , Sinclair Rodney 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe describe the development of psoriatic nail disease due to metoprolol in a 58‐year‐old woman who was being treated for cardiac arrhythmias. The nail condition was unresponsive to topical and systemic treatments but resolved completely with the withdrawal of metoprolol. The reaction recurred with drug rechallenge and resolved when the drug was ceased.
Secluded/restrained patients' perceptions of their treatment: Validity and reliability of a new questionnaire
Authors: Noda Toshie , Sugiyama Naoya , Ito Hiroto , Soininen Päivi , Putkonen Hanna , Sailas Eila , Joffe Grigori 
Published: June 2012

Aim:  To develop a standardized self‐reporting questionnaire to evaluate patients' perceptions of their overall treatment in specific relation to the use of seclusion and/or restraint (SR) measures as part of the treatment program.Methods:  A 17‐item self‐rating questionnaire was given to 56 patients with experience of SR‐related treatment to develop a new scale, the Secluded/Restrained Patients' Perceptions of their Treatment (SR‐PPT). Concurrent validity was examined against the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire‐8 Japanese Version (CSQ‐8J). In addition, Patient burden induced by answering the SR‐PPT was evaluated.Results:  On factor analysis, two factors named as Cooperation with Staff (nine items) and Perceptions of SR (two items) were derived. Cronbach's coefficient alphas were 0.928 and 0.887, and correlation coefficients against the CSQ‐8J were 0.838 and 0.609, respectively. Answering the SR‐PPT was found to induce little burden on the patients.Conclusion:  Adequate internal consistency and concurrent validity of the final version of the SR‐PPT, which consists of 11 items, indicate that it is acceptable as a measurement scale. Use of this questionnaire will add the patient's view to the assessment of overall treatment involving SR.
Effect of residual stresses on crack behaviour in single edge bending specimens
Authors: FARAHANI M. , SATTARI‐FAR I. , AKBARI D. , ALDERLIESTEN R. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTResidual stresses due to manufacturing processes, such as welding, change the load bearing capacity of cracked components. The effects of residual stresses on crack behaviour in single edge bending specimens were investigated using Finite element analyses. Three parameters (J, Q and R) were used to study the crack behaviour. The J‐integral predicts the size scale over which large stresses and strains exist, the constraint parameter Q describes the crack‐tip constraint as a result of geometry, loading mode and crack depth and the constraint parameter R is used to describe the constraint resulting from residual stresses. To carry out a systematic investigation on the effect of residual stresses on the J‐integral and crack‐tip constraints, models under different combinations of residual stresses and external loads with different crack depths were analysed. It has been shown that the crack‐tip constraint R increased by tensile residual stresses around the crack‐tip. On the other hand, the constraint parameter R decreased and tended to zero at high external load levels.
Identification and characterization of candidate Rlm4 blackleg resistance genes in Brassica napus using next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Tollenaere Reece , Hayward Alice , Dalton‐Morgan Jessica , Campbell Emma , Lee Joanne R.M. , Lorenc Michal T. , Manoli Sahana , Stiller Jiri , Raman Rosy , Raman Harsh , Edwards David , Batley Jacqueline 
Published: June 2012

SummaryA thorough understanding of the relationships between plants and pathogens is essential if we are to continue to meet the agricultural needs of the world’s growing population. The identification of genes underlying important quantitative trait loci is extremely challenging in complex genomes such as Brassica napus (canola, oilseed rape or rapeseed). However, recent advances in next‐generation sequencing (NGS) enable much quicker identification of candidate genes for traits of interest. Here, we demonstrate this with the identification of candidate disease resistance genes from B. napus for its most devastating fungal pathogen, Leptosphaeria maculans (blackleg fungus). These two species are locked in an evolutionary arms race whereby a gene‐for‐gene interaction confers either resistance or susceptibility in the plant depending on the genotype of the plant and pathogen. Preliminary analysis of the complete genome sequence of Brassica rapa, the diploid progenitor of B. napus, identified numerous candidate genes with disease resistance characteristics, several of which were clustered around a region syntenic with a major locus (Rlm4) for blackleg resistance on A7 of B. napus. Molecular analyses of the candidate genes using B. napus NGS data are presented, and the difficulties associated with identifying functional gene copies within the highly duplicated Brassica genome are discussed.
An Assessment of Robert Jenson's Hermeneutics on Divine Im/Passibility and the Emotions of God
Authors: Song John Byung‐Tek 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe term apatheia, ‘impassibility’, has had varied meanings in Christian history. While some theologians have dismissed this attribute due to its Greek origins – as Paul Gavrilyuk states, a classic case of committing the genetic fallacy – Robert Jenson has prudently noted that for some of the church Fathers impassibility did not mean God was affectionless as the Greeks proposed; rather, it meant eternal faithfulness. This essay examines whether Jenson's appropriation of the early church's understanding of apatheia is true to the Fathers' original intentions. I first identify Jenson's assumptions regarding his interpretation of Scripture that causes him to conclude that God is im/passible. I then assess the validity of Jenson's claim that his own view is the same as the early church Fathers.
Immunohistochemical and functional studies for M3 muscarinic receptors and cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 expressed in the mouse atrium
Authors: Harada N. , Ochi K. , Yaosaka N. , Teraoka H. , Hiraga T. , Iwanaga T. , Unno T. , Komori S. , Yamada M. , Kitazawa T. 
Published: June 2012

Summary

In mouse atrium, M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors (M2R and M3R) are involved in biphasic (negative and positive) inotropic actions of muscarinic agonists, and the positive inotropic action is reduced by indomethacin. The aim of our study was to determine the localization of M2R, M3R and cyclo‐oxygenase (COX) in mouse atrium and to characterize muscarinic receptor‐mediated positive inotropy.

M2R immunoreactivity was found only on atrial myocardium, but M3R immunoreactivity was localized on both the myocardium and endocardial endothelium. COX‐1 and COX‐2 immunoreactivities were identified in both myocardial and endocardial endothelium.

In electrically stimulated left atria, carbachol caused M2R‐mediated negative inotropy followed by M3R‐mediated positive inotropy. Removal of atrial endothelium reduced the positive inotropy without affecting the negative inotropy, suggesting that stimulation of endothelial M3R mediates the positive inotropy.

N‐[2‐(cyclohexyloxy)‐4‐nitrophenyl]‐methanesulfonamide (NS398, COX‐2 inhibitor) decreased the carbachol‐induced positive inotropy; however, 5‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐1‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐3‐trifluoromethylpyrazole (SC560, COX‐1 inhibitor), 1‐[[4,5‐bis(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐2‐thiazolyl]carbonyl]‐4‐methylpiperazine (FR122047, COX‐1 inhibitor) and l‐nitroarginine methylester did not affect the inotropic response.

M3R activation caused positive chronotropy in spontaneously beating right atria when M2R‐mediated negative chronotropy was suppressed and rate of contraction was low, <350 beats min−1.

Our results indicate that although M3Rs are located on both myocardial cells and endocardial endothelial cells, only endothelial M3Rs mediate positive inotropy in response to muscarinic agonists via activation of COX‐2 in the mouse atrium. M3R‐mediated positive chronotropy counteracting M2R‐mediated negative chronotropy was also demonstrated.
Aβ1‐42‐mediated down‐regulation of Uch‐L1 is dependent on NF‐κB activation and impaired BACE1 lysosomal degradation
Authors: Guglielmotto Michela , Monteleone Debora , Boido Marina , Piras Antonio , Giliberto Luca , Borghi Roberta , Vercelli Alessandro , Fornaro Michele , Tabaton Massimo , Tamagno Elena 
Published: June 2012

SummaryAmyloid‐β 1‐42 accumulation is the major pathogenetic event in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), believed to be responsible for synaptic dysfunction and neuronal cell death. However, the physiologic activity of Aβ peptides remains elusive: Aβ might not only play a toxic role, but also act as a functional signaling intermediate. We recently reported that Aβ1‐42 promotes BACE1 transcription through the activation of the JNK‐c‐jun pathway. Here, we show that the Aβ1‐42‐mediated increase in BACE1 expression is accompanied by a decrease in ubiquitin C‐terminal hydrolase L1 (Uch‐L1) expression and activity in different cellular models such as neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y as well as NT2 neuronal cells. We also found that the increase in BACE1 and the decrease in Uch‐L1 are related events and depend on NF‐κB pathway; thus, Aβ1‐42 is able to activate NF‐κB pathway and the pretreatment with a pharmacological inhibitor, able to block the nuclear translocation of the transactivating unit p65, almost completely prevents both the decrease in Uch‐L1 and the increase in BACE1 expression. In addition, the decrease in Uch‐L1 activity interferes with the lysosomal degradation of BACE1, as demonstrated by the decrease in Cathepsin D activity and the partial accumulation of BACE1 in lysosomes after Aβ1‐42 treatment as well after Uch‐L1 inhibition. In support of the in vitro data, we observed low protein levels of Uch‐L1 associated with high protein levels of BACE1 in sporadic AD brains. Our data suggest that Uch‐L1 could be an attractive target for the development of new therapeutic approaches for AD.
Behavioral response of male mantidTenodera aridifolia(Mantodea: Mantidae) to windy conditions as a female approach strategy
Authors: WATANABE Hiroshi , YANO Eizi 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWhen sexual cannibalism presents a sexual conflict, one expects to find male traits that reduce the risk of cannibalism. In sexually cannibalistic species, selection is thought to have favored the evolution of male approach behaviors that reduce the probability that the female will kill the male. We tested the hypothesis that male mantids change their approach behavior in response to wind to reduce the risk of being noticed by females. Time between detection of the female by the male and mating was shorter under windy than windless conditions. Sexual approach behavior was observed more frequently under windy than windless conditions. Moreover, this behavior was observed more frequently when the female was walking than when the female was not walking under windy conditions. The detection rate of male mantids by females was significantly lower on swaying leaves than on fixed leaves. Our results thus indicate that male mantids were more active in response to wind. Therefore, we suggest that the male's quick approach strategy toward females when the wind is blowing at short range is adaptive in reducing the risk of detection by females.
Mixing an Energy Drink with an Alcoholic Beverage Increases Motivation for More Alcohol in College Students
Authors: Marczinski Cecile A. , Fillmore Mark T. , Henges Amy L. , Ramsey Meagan A. , Young Chelsea R. 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundThere has been a dramatic rise in the consumption of alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AmEDs) in social drinkers. It has been suggested that AmED beverages might lead individuals to drink greater quantities of alcohol. This experiment was designed to investigate whether the consumption of AmEDs would alter alcohol priming (i.e., increasing ratings of wanting another drink) compared with alcohol alone.MethodsParticipants (n = 80) of equal gender attended 1 session where they were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 4 doses (0.91 ml/kg vodka, 1.82 ml/kg energy drink, 0.91 ml/kg vodka mixed with 1.82 ml/kg energy drink [AmED], or a placebo beverage). Alcohol‐induced priming of the motivation to drink was assessed by self‐reported ratings on the Desire for Drug questionnaire.ResultsThe priming dose of alcohol increased the subjective ratings of “desire” for more alcohol, consistent with previous research that small doses of alcohol can increase the motivation to drink. Furthermore, higher desire ratings over time were observed with AmEDs compared with alcohol alone. Finally, ratings of liking the drink were similar for the alcohol and AmED conditions.ConclusionsAn energy drink may elicit increased alcohol priming. This study provides laboratory evidence that AmED beverages may lead to greater motivation to drink versus the same amount of alcohol consumed alone.
Prevalence of Adverse Reactions to Radiopaque Contrast Reported by Patients Presenting for Interventional Pain Procedure
Authors: Mishra Rahul K. , Heavner James E. , Day Miles 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIntroduction:  Adverse reactions to radiopaque contrast media (RCM) are well documented with a wide range of incidences reported. The objective of this study was to determine how many patients in a sample of 200 who presents for interventional pain treatments report a history of adverse reactions to RCM.Methods:  Data from 200 outpatients were collected using a self‐administered questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed to obtain information about prior exposure to RCM and any adverse events plus other general information about allergic reactions including known risk factors for allergic reactions. Demographic data and information about past medical history were obtained from each patient.Results:  Of the 200 patients surveyed, 16 reported having had an allergic reaction to RCM. The events met criteria for immediate hypersensitivity reaction. Chemotoxic reactions cannot be ruled out. Of factors associated with risk of allergic reaction, none were clearly more prevalent in subjects reporting an allergic reaction vs. subjects who did not. Atopic patients generally considered susceptible to contrast allergy reported no hypersensitivity reaction. The number of medications and foods the subjects reported caused them to have allergic reactions was extensive.Conclusion:  Patients with a history suggestive of an immediate hypersensitivity reaction to RCM may report for interventional pain procedures normally performed with RCM. Patients who have experienced an immediate hypersensitivity reaction to RCM have increased risk for another reaction if injected again with contrast agent. Therefore, facilities should be prepared to implement measures to prevent recurrent reactions.