bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteome bioprofiles distinguish between M1 priming and activation states in human macrophages
Authors: Brown Joseph N , Wallet Mark A , Krastins Bryan , Sarracino David , Goodenow Maureen M 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Intracellular macrophage protein bioprofiles are shown as an effective new approach to fingerprint distinct cellular activation states.
Macrophage activation is a dynamic process that results in diverse functional outcomes ranging from immunoregulation to inflammation. The proinflammatory, or M1, response is a complex, bimodal progression composed of a “prime,” classically through IFN-γ, and “trigger,” such as LPS. To characterize the physiological response of M1 activation, a systems biology approach was applied to determine the intracellular proteome bioprofiles of IFN-γ- and LPS-treated primary human macrophages. Our goal was to develop intracellular proteomic fingerprints to serve as novel correlates of macrophage priming and/or activation to augment the existing approaches of analyzing secreted cytokines and cell-surface protein expression. The majority of the proteome, ∼78%, remained stable during activation, representing the core proteome. In contrast, three distinct patterns defined response proteomes: IFN-γ-specific, LPS-specific, or IFN-γ- and LPS-shared or M1-specific. Although steady-state expression levels of proteins involved in energy metabolism and immune response were increased during priming and triggering, changes in protein and fatty acid metabolism, signaling, and transport pathways were most apparent. Unique proteomic fingerprints distinguish among IFN-γ-specific, LPS-specific, or M1-specific activation states and provide a clear molecular, archeological profile to infer recent history of cells, as well as correlates for chronic macrophage activation in health and disease.
β2-Integrins in demyelinating disease: not adhering to the paradigm
Authors: Hu Xianzhen , Wohler Jillian E , Dugger Kari J , Barnum Scott R 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis as a model for demyelinating disease challenges the mindset that β2-integrins are redundant in function and potential therapeutic targets for multiple sclerosis.
The β2-integrins are a subfamily of integrins expressed on leukocytes that play an essential role in leukocyte trafficking, activation, and many other functions. Studies in EAE, the animal model for multiple sclerosis, show differential requirements for β2-integrins in this disease model, ranging from critical in the case of LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18) to unimportant in the case of CD11d/CD18. Importantly, expression of β2-integrins on T cell subsets provides some clues as to the function(s) these adhesion molecules play in disease development. For example, transferred EAE studies have shown that Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) expression on αβ T cells is critical for disease development, and the absence of LFA-1 on Tregs in recipient mice results in exacerbated disease. In this review, we summarize recent findings regarding the role of β2-integrins in demyelinating disease and new information about the role of β2-integrins with respect to alterations in Treg numbers and function. In addition, we discuss the potential for targeting β2-integrins in human demyelinating disease in light of the recent animal model studies.
Decision-Theoretic Paradoxes as Voting Paradoxes
Authors: Briggs Rachael 
Published: December 2009

It is a platitude among decision theorists that agents should choose their actions so as to maximize expected value. But exactly how to define expected value is contentious. Evidential decision theory (henceforth EDT), causal decision theory (henceforth CDT), and a theory proposed by Ralph Wedgwood that this essay will call benchmark theory (BT) all advise agents to maximize different types of expected value. Consequently, their verdicts sometimes conflict. In certain famous cases of conflict—medical Newcomb problems—CDT and BT seem to get things right, while EDT seems to get things wrong. In other cases of conflict, including some recent examples suggested by Andy Egan, EDT and BT seem to get things right, while CDT seems to get things wrong. In still other cases, EDT and CDT seems to get things right, while BT gets things wrong.It's no accident, this essay claims, that all three decision theories are subject to counterexamples. Decision rules can be reinterpreted as voting rules, where the voters are the agent's possible future selves. The problematic examples have the structure of voting paradoxes. Just as voting paradoxes show that no voting rule can do everything we want, decision-theoretic paradoxes show that no decision rule can do everything we want. Luckily, the so-called “tickle defense” establishes that EDT, CDT, and BT will do everything we want in a wide range of situations. Most decision situations, this essay argues, are analogues of voting situations in which the voters unanimously adopt the same set of preferences. In such situations, all plausible voting rules and all plausible decision rules agree.
Bambiland
Authors: Jelinek Elfriede 
Published: December 2009

Translated by Lilian Friedberg
Original title: bambiland © 2004 by Rowohlt Verlag GmbH, Reinbek bei Hamburg. Stage rights: Rowohlt Theater Verlag, Reinbek bei Hamburg. English translation © 2005 by Lilian Friedberg. All rights reserved. No part of this play may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, and information storage and retrieval systems, without permission.
caution: Professionals and amateurs are hereby warned that, being fully protected under the copyright laws of the United States of America, the British Commonwealth, including the Dominion of Canada, and all other countries of the Copyright Union, this play is subject to royalty. All rights, including professional, amateur, motion picture, recitation, lecturing, public reading, radio and television broadcasting, and translation into foreign languages, are strictly reserved. Particular emphasis is laid on the questions of readings, permission for which must be secured from the authors. This translation was completed with the generous support of the Goethe Institute.
Rap1 and its effector KRIT1/CCM1 regulate β-catenin signaling
Authors: Glading Angela J. , Ginsberg Mark H. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARYKRIT1, also called CCM1, is a member of a multiprotein complex that contains the products of the CCM2 and PDCD10 (also known as CCM3) loci. Heterozygous loss of any of the genes that encode these proteins leads to cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM), which are vascular lesions that are found in around 0.5% of humans. KRIT1 mediates the stabilization of β-catenin-containing endothelial cell-cell junctions downstream of the Rap1 GTPase. Here, we report that Rap1 and KRIT1 are negative regulators of canonical β-catenin signaling in mice and that hemizygous Krit1 deficiency exacerbates β-catenin-driven pathologies. Depletion of endothelial KRIT1 caused β-catenin to dissociate from vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin and to accumulate in the nucleus with consequent increases in β-catenin-dependent transcription. Activation of Rap1 inhibited β-catenin-dependent transcription in confluent endothelial cells; this effect required the presence of intact cell-cell junctions and KRIT1. These effects of KRIT1 were not limited to endothelial cells; the KRIT1 protein was expressed widely and its depletion increased β-catenin signaling in epithelial cells. Moreover, a reduction in KRIT1 expression also increased β-catenin signaling in vivo. Hemizygous deficiency of Krit1 resulted in a ~1.5-fold increase in intestinal polyps in the ApcMin/+ mouse, which was associated with increased β-catenin-driven transcription. Thus, KRIT1 regulates β-catenin signaling, and Krit1+/− mice are more susceptible to β-catenin-driven intestinal adenomas.
Molecular Simulations of Photoaddition Selectivity and Chirality in Challenging Photochemical Reactions
Authors: Somekawa Kenichi , Odo Yuka , Shimo Tetsuro 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The origins of cycloaddition selectivities and chirality controls in particular and challenging photochemical reactions were examined. The profiles of the energies and stereochemical changes of the photoreactions were characterized by molecular simulations using dynamic molecular orbital methods. The photoreactions possess particular factors which are not explained by the frontier molecular orbital (FMO) theory. Particular photoreactions are examined by following the addition selectivities and two chiral controls by use of chiral hosts. (1) Species-(singlet or triplet), peri-, site-, regio-, and stereo-selectivities in the [2 + 2]cycloadditions and [4 + 4]cycloadditions of 2-pyridone (1). (2) Inversion of regioselectivity (hh/ht ratio) by the linkage-length in intramolecular [2 + 2]cycloadditions of α,β-unsaturated furanones 7 and by the alkene ring-size in intermolecular [2 + 2]cycloadditions of cycloalkenecarboxylates 11–13 with 2-cyclohexenone (10). (3) The occurrence of the hydrogen-shift reaction in the [2 + 2]photocycloaddition system between 4-hydoxycoumarin (17) and 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran (18o). (4) Chiral control of selective [4π]-electrocyclic isomerizations of 1 to photopyridone 20 by hydrogen-bonding of chiral amide hosts 21. The singlet excited state, 1* was inferred to be enantiomeric conformers, 1*(+) and 1*(−), and the complex 1·(l)-21 proceeds to 1*(+)·(l)-21, followed by quenching to (R)-20. (5) Sensational chiral isomerization of (Z)-cyclooctene (28Z) to chiral (E)-cyclooctene (29E) by chiral benzenepolycarboxylates (30). 28Z was inferred to accompany asymmetric 28Z and the diastereomeric exciplexes Ex1 (28Z·30*) and proceeds with chiral isomerization via the one-sided rotation to Ex2 (29E*·30), followed by quenching to chiral 29E. The molecular simulations for the photoreactions by MOPAC-PM5, (PM3 for hydrogen-bonding), UCIS (for singlets), and UB3LYP (for triplets) are found to be successful and show that the origin of the photoreaction selectivities is essentially determined by the first step (TS1) energies and the stereochemistries are dependent on the excited species presented in the Concluding Remarks. We also propose some applications of the molecular simulations.
Low-Frequency Isotropic Raman Spectra of Concentrated Aqueous KX (X: Cl, Br, NO3, and SCN) Solutions
Authors: Kameda Yasuo , Ishikawa Marie , Amo Yuko , Usuki Takeshi 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Polarized Raman spectra for concentrated aqueous KX solutions (X: Cl, Br, NO3, and SCN) were measured in the frequency range of 30 ≤−1 in order to find the totally symmetric stretching vibrational mode of hydrated K+. The observed polarized peak intensities of the intermolecular vibrational mode at−1 in the isotropic spectra for KCl and KBr solutions exhibit systematic increase with increasing solute content. Polarized components at−1 were observed in the isotropic spectra for 5 mol % KNO3 and 7 mol % KSCN solutions, respectively. The position of these polarized peaks were found to shift to lower frequency by 7–15 cm−1 in D2O solutions, which is consistent with the expected value of the H/D isotopic shift calculated for the totally symmetric vibrational mode of the hydrated K+, K+(H2O)6.≤ 1000 cm= 160–180 cm= 166 and 167 cm
Mononuclear Bis(tridentate)-Type and Dinuclear Triple Helicate Iron(II) Complexes Containing 2-Ethyl-5-methylimidazole-4-carbaldehyde Azine
Authors: Sunatsuki Yukinari , Maruyama Hisashi , Fujita Kunihiro , Suzuki Takayoshi , Kojima Masaaki , Matsumoto Naohide 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Mononuclear [Fe(H2L2-Et-5-Me)2]2+ and dinuclear [Fe2(H2L2-Et-5-Me)3]4+ complexes, where H2L2-Et-5-Me denotes 2-ethyl-5-methylimidazole-4-carbaldehyde azine, were prepared and isolated as the perchlorate salts, and their structures and magnetic properties were studied. In the mononuclear complex, the ligand acts as an unsymmetrical tridentate ligand with two imidazole nitrogen atoms and one azine nitrogen atom. The complex was in the HS state above 50 K. In the dinuclear complex, each ligand acts as a dinucleating ligand employing four nitrogen atoms to form a triple helicate structure. Two types of crystals, plates and blocks, were isolated for the dinuclear complex. The plate crystals exhibited a sharp spin transition, [LS–HS] ↔ [HS–HS], with no [LS–LS] state being observed. The block crystals remained in the [HS–HS] state above 50 K.
Fluorescent Dyes with 2-Amino-4,7-diazaindole Skeleton: Synthesis and Spectroscopy
Authors: Gryko Daniel T , Piechowska Joanna , Vetokhina Volha , Wójcik Dominik 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The reaction of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) with compounds possessing two vicinal chlorine atoms activated toward nucleophilic substitution has been studied. All derivatives bearing a 2,3-dichloropyrazine moiety react with DBU leading to fluorescent dyes. Among others, only 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone reacts giving the expected pentacyclic product albeit in a very low yield and accompanied by the product of hydrolysis. Spectroscopic properties of the synthesized compounds were studied. The dye formed from 5,6-dichloro-2,3-dicyanopyrazine exhibits a very high Stokes shift and strong dependence of the fluorescence quantum yield on solvent polarity.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Hydroisoquinoline Derivatives, a Key Intermediate for Manzamine Synthesis, by Diels–Alder Reaction Using 4-Amino-2-siloxybutadiene
Authors: Mihara Yasuhiro , Matsumura Tomoaki , Terauchi Yuki , Akiba Masakatsu , Arai Shigeru , Nishida Atsushi 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
A novel method for the synthesis of chiral hydroisoquinolines by asymmetric Diels–Alder reaction of nitrogen-containing dienophiles and suitably protected aminosiloxybutadienes has been developed. The product could be a key intermediate for synthesis of manzamine alkaloids.
Synthesis of (S)-Ketamine via [1,3]-Chirality Transfer of a Stereocenter Created by Enantioselective Aldol Reaction
Authors: Yokoyama Takeshi , Yokoyama Reiko , Nomura Satoshi , Matsumoto Satoshi , Fujiyama Ryoji , Kiyooka Syun-ichi 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The stereocenter in the intermediate alcohol (86% ee), created by enantioselective oxazaborolidinone-promoted aldol reaction, was transferred to the stereocenter in the cyclohexanone ring, necessary for (S)-ketamine, via allyl cyanate-to-isocyanate rearrangement. The second asymmetric synthesis of (S)-ketamine has been achieved (87% ee).
The Effects of Primary Structures on Photo-Induced Insolubilization of All-Cis Poly(p-phenylenevinylene)s in Thin Films
Authors: Mutoh Yuichiro , Yamamoto Yasutaka , Wakioka Masayuki , Takita Ryo , Nakamura Jun-ichi , Iida Toshiya , Ozawa Fumiyuki 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
All-cis poly(p-phenylenevinylene)s (PPVs) prepared by Suzuki–Miyaura-type polycondensation of (Z,Z)-1,4-bis(2-bromoethenyl)benzene with 2,5-dioctyloxybenzene-1,4-diboronic acid undergo photo-induced insolubilization in thin films, along with cis-to-trans isomerization of vinylene linkages to give all-trans PPVs. This phenomenon has been investigated using all-cis and all-trans PPVs with a range of molecular weights and terminal structures. The amounts of PPVs remaining on quartz substrates, after UV-irradiation on spin-coated films, followed by rinsing twice with CHCl3, are dependent on the geometries of vinylene linkages, molecular weights, and terminal structures of the starting PPVs. It has been found that the all-cis configuration is of particular importance for insolubilization. The insolubilized films exhibit charge-carrier mobility (μFET) up to 1.6 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1.
Development and implementation of a hand therapy extended scope practitioner clinic to support the 18-week waiting list initiative
Authors: Rose Robyn-Lee , Probert Sara 
Published: December 2009

Background A changing and competitive health market demands the need to review existing services and develop new ways of working in order to improve and maintain service delivery. Developing the role of the extended scope practitioner (ESP) and altering patient pathways through specialist hand units is one way that service delivery can be improved to adhere to the 18-week waiting time from a General Practitioner (GP) referral to the start of treatment. Methods One-hundred GP referrals for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and first carpometacarpal osteoarthritis (CMC OA) were selected to attend an ESP clinic audit led by two specialist occupational therapists for diagnosis and implementation of a conservative treatment programme, which was confirmed by a consultant. The ESP clinic was audited against key performance indicators to evaluate ESP effectiveness and improvements in the patient pathway. Results The ESP can effectively diagnose and manage CTS and CMC OA patients without increasing the demand for surgical opinion or procedures. The ESP is also effective in diagnosing other conditions such as early-onset Dupuytren's disease, de Quervain's disease, ganglions and trigger finger. Conclusions ESP clinics have the potential to improve the patient pathway by providing earlier access to a specialist opinion for a diagnosis and management of hand conditions thereby improving service delivery.
Chiropractic manipulation for carpal tunnel syndrome: a systematic review
Authors: Hunt Katherine J , Hung S K , Boddy Kate , Ernst Edzard 
Published: December 2009

Background Although chiropractic is most commonly used for spinal problems, many chiropractors use manipulations for the treatment of non-spinal conditions. Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) has been identified as one such condition. This systematic review evaluates the evidence for or against the effectiveness of chiropractic as a treatment for CTS. Methods Eight electronic databases were searched from inception until November 2008. Reference lists of retrieved articles were hand-searched. Chiropractic associations were contacted in order to identify further non-published studies. No language restrictions were applied. Results Of 26 potentially relevant studies, only one trial of chiropractic for CTS met all the inclusion criteria. The trial was of poor quality and reported no significant differences between the groups on any outcome measure. However, our re-analyses indicated a significant difference in favour of the control treatment (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs] use). Adverse effects were noted in both groups. Conclusions There is insufficient evidence to suggest that chiropractic is effective for the treatment of CTS. Therapy should continue to focus on the use of NSAIDs, corticosteroid injection, splinting and surgical release of the median nerve. Further research into the utility of chiropractic for CTS is required.
Use of the technique for extensor tendon acceleration with an injured soldier after a metacarpal fracture
Authors: McCarroll Michele L , Martin Jennifer L 
Published: December 2009

Objective The purpose of this case report was to evaluate the effectiveness of the ‘technique for extensor tendon acceleration’ (TETA) in improving an active extensor lag at the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints after a surgically repaired, stable metacarpal fracture (MCF). The TETA was used in combination with scar mobilization, exercise and splinting with an injured soldier who sustained an MCF while on active duty. Methods This case report is about a soldier injured during the Iraq War who used the TETA, in combination with other treatments, as a means for resolving an extensor lag in a stable fourth digit MCF. The pre- and post-TETA outcome measure was range of motion (ROM). The ROM was taken before initiation of the TETA and two weeks after its initiation. Results After two weeks of performing the TETA in combination with other treatments, the soldier demonstrated a measurable improvement in the extensor lags at both the MCP and PIP joints. The soldier's fourth digit total active motion improved by 55° while the MCP joint extensor lag improved by 10° and the PIP joint extensor lag improved by 20°. Conclusion This case report demonstrated a potential benefit for using the TETA in conjunction with other treatments in overcoming an active extensor lag after a stable MCF. These results are case specific and may not be generalized to a larger population until future research studies can be conducted.
Experimental validation of specificity of the squamous cell carcinoma antigen-immunoglobulin M (SCCA-IgM) assay in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Zuin Jessica , Veggiani Gianluca , Pengo Paolo , Gallotta Andrea , Biasiolo Alessandra , Tono Natascia , Gatta Angelo , Pontisso Patrizia , Toth Radovan , Cerin Dean , Frecer Vladimir , Meo Sabrina , Gion Massimo , Fassina Giorgio , Beneduce Luca 
Published: December 2009

Abstract

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma antigen-immunoglobulin M (SCCA-IgM) is a useful biomarker for the risk of development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with cirrhosis due to its progressive increase associated to HCC evolution. In patients with cirrhosis, other assays have been affected by interfering reactivities of IgM. In this study, the analytical specificity of the SCCA-IgM assay was assessed by evaluating SCCA-IgM measurement dependence on different capture phases, and by measuring the recovery of SCCA-IgM reactivity following serum fractionation.

Methods: Serum samples from 82 patients with cirrhosis were analyzed. SCCA-IgM was measured using the reference test (Hepa-IC, Xeptagen, Italy) that is based on rabbit oligoclonal anti-squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) and a dedicated ELISA with a mouse monoclonal anti-SCCA as the capture antibody.

Results: SCCA-IgM concentrations measured with the reference assay (median value=87 AU/mL) were higher than those measured with the mouse monoclonal test (median value=78 AU/mL). However, the differences in the SCCA-IgM distribution were not statistically significant (p>0.05). When SCCA-IgM concentrations measured with both tests were compared, a linear correlation was found (r=0.77, p<0.05). Fractionation of the most reactive sera by gel-filtration chromatography showed that total recovery of SCCA-IgM reactivity was seen only in the fractions corresponding to components with a molecular weight higher than IgM and SCCA (>2000 kDa) with both tests.

Conclusions: The equivalence of both SCCA-IgM assays and the absence of reactivity not related to immune complexes support the analytical specificity of SCCA-IgM measurements. The results validate the assessment of SCCA-IgM for prognostic purposes in patients with cirrhosis.
Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:217–23.
Besonderheiten der Umgangssprache der Litauer Lettlands: Gebrauch der Präpositionen
Authors: Kvašytė Regina 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
A language is one of the most important indexes of ethnical awareness of Latvian Lithuanians. Societal functions of the Lithuanian language as the one of the ethnical minority in Latvia are narrowed – this language serves only for everyday communication because a possibility to use one's mother tongue in a different language environment is linked more with individual or family needs and those of a small circle of friends (more rarely, for the needs of community activities, in case if Lithuanians of a certain locality join associations). Thus, among Latvian Lithuanians, a spoken language is more common. The linguistic peculiarities of Lithuanians living in Latvia have been mostly investigated on the lexis level until now. However, a great variety of prepositional constructions is noticeable as well in the mother tongue of Lithuanians. According to their expression, the three-fold usage can be singled out: as in the Lithuanian literary language; as in a spoken language or dialects; and as in the language impacted by the Latvian language (or undergoing its additional impact). Such changes of the native Lithuanian language have occurred in the environment of the foreign language due to different reasons. The Latvian language has made and still makes a great influence; also, some constructions peculiar to the spoken Lithuanian language are present, too.