bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Black Box: Analyzing Explainable AI Challenges and Best Practices Through Stack Exchange Discussions
Authors: Sayyadnejad Mohammad Mahdi , Asgari Ali , Sami Ashkan , Tahyori Hooman 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is a crucial domain within research and industry, aiming to develop AI models that provide human-understandable explanations for their decisions. While the challenges in AI, deep learning, and big data have been extensively explored, the specific concerns of XAI developers have received limited attention. To address this gap, we analyzed discussions on Stack Exchange websites to delve into these issues. Through a combination of automated and manual analysis, we identified 6 overarching categories, 10 distinct topics, and 40 sub-topics commonly discussed by developers. Our examination revealed a steady rise in discussions on XAI since late 2015, initially focusing on conceptualization and practical applications, with a notable surge in activity across all topic categories since 2019. Notably, Concepts and Applications, Tools Troubleshooting, and Neural Networks Interpretation emerged as the most popular topics. Troubleshooting challenges were commonly encountered with tools like Shap, Eli5, and Aif360, while Visualization issues were prevalent with Yellowbrick and Shap. Furthermore, our analysis suggests that addressing questions related to XAI poses greater difficulty compared to other machine-learning questions.
Lógica institucional híbrida e os outputs do sistema de controle gerencial impulsionados para transparência, disponibilidade informacional e prestação de contas
Authors: Sell Filipy Furtado , Lavarda Carlos Eduardo Facin 
Published: April 2024

Lógicas institucionais dão sentido aos indivíduos e as organizações para quais objetivos devem ser perseguidos. Para tanto, o sistema de controle gerencial fornece subsídios informacionais para a gestão, o planejamento e o controle da organização no alcance de seus objetivos e metas. Assim, esta pesquisa busca compreender como as lógicas institucionais híbridas burocrática, profissional e gerencial de mercado impulsionaram os outputs do sistema de controle gerencial para transparência, disponibilidade informacional e prestação de contas. Utilizando da metodologia qualitativa, que permite análise profunda dos dados, elaborou-se um estudo de caso em uma universidade federal, na pró-reitoria responsável pelo planejamento e desenvolvimento da autarquia. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, observação direta e documentos. Com base nos resultados da análise textual discursiva, tem-se a hibridização da lógica burocrática com a lógica gerencial de mercado gerando uma nova lógica institucional híbrida. A lógica institucional híbrida possui estrutura de poder como controle hierárquico por meio de níveis de gestão, fonte de autoridade por governança baseada em objetivos, metas e resultados e base de ação em compliance, desempenho e controle orçamentário. Esta hibridização impulsionou os outputs do sistema de controle gerencial para a transparência, disponibilidade informacional e prestação de contas. Ao final da pesquisa, apresenta-se oportunidades de pesquisas futuras.
CFD Simulation of hydraulic jump in the USBR type-III stilling basin with converged walls
Authors: Fatima Fareena , Sarwar Muhammad Kaleem , Haq Faraz Ul , Raza Ali 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Hydraulic jump is used to dissipate excessive flow energy in stilling basins to control erosion on the downstream side. The literature review revealed that the convergence of the side walls in a USBR type II stilling basin has enhanced energy dissipation by stabilizing the hydraulic jump. Taking this into account, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model was created using CFD code to analyze the hydraulic efficiency of a USBR type III stilling basin with varying degrees of side wall convergence. Additionally, alterations were made to the standard Impact Blocks geometry to evaluate their effect on energy dissipation. The side walls of stilling basin were converged from 0.5° to 2.5° (with an increment of 0.5°). Study results indicated an increase in hydraulic jump efficiency from 1.6 to 14.5% due to increase in wall convergence. Modified Friction Blocks also enhanced the energy dissipation up to 2%. Post-jump Froude number values were found in acceptable range of 0.6 to 0.78. The optimal hydraulic performance of stilling basin was noted when wall convergence angle of 2.5° was used along with modified Friction Blocks. Hydraulic performance of modified stilling basin may be investigated during gated operation of the model.
Adaptation and Reach of a Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Social Marketing Campaign for Latino, Latina, and Latinx Populations: Development Study
Authors: Shah Harita S , Serrano Pedro Alonso , Phillips II Gregory 
Published: April 2024

Background
Latino, Latina, and Latinx (Latino/a/x) individuals remain disproportionately impacted by HIV, particularly sexual minority men and transgender women. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective means of biomedical HIV prevention, but awareness and uptake remain low among marginalized Latino/a/x populations. Social marketing campaigns have demonstrated promise in promoting PrEP in other populations but are poorly studied in Latino/a/x sexual minority men and transgender women.

Objective
This study aims to (1) adapt and pilot a PrEP social marketing campaign tailored to Latino/a/x populations with a focus on sexual minority men and transgender women through community-based participatory research (CBPR) and (2) evaluate the reach and ad performance of the adapted PrEP social marketing campaign.

Methods
We used the ADAPT-ITT (assessment, decision, adaptation, production, topical experts-integration, training, and testing) framework for adapting evidence-based interventions for new settings or populations. This paper presents how each phase of the ADAPT-ITT framework was applied via CBPR to create the PrEPárate (“Be PrEPared”) campaign. Key community engagement strategies included shared ownership with community partners, focus groups to guide content, crowdsourcing to name the campaign, design by local Latino/a/x artists, and featuring local influencers as the faces of PrEPárate. We evaluated campaign reach and advertisement performance using social media platform metrics (paid and organic reach, impressions, unique clicks, and click-through rates [CTR]) and website use statistics from Google Analytics.

Results
The PrEPárate campaign ran in Cook County, Illinois, from April to September 2022. The campaign reached over 118,750 people on social media (55,750 on Facebook and Instagram [Meta Platforms Inc] and 63,000 on TikTok [ByteDance Ltd]). The Meta ads performed over the industry benchmark with ads featuring local transgender women (2% CTR) and cisgender sexual minority men (1.4% CTR). Of the different Grindr (Grindr Inc) ad formats piloted, the interstitial Grindr ads were the highest performing (1183/55,479, 2.13% CTR). YouTube (Google) ads were low performing at 0.11% (153/138,337) CTR and were stopped prematurely, given limits on sexual education–related content. In the first year, there were 5006 visitors to the website.

Conclusions
Adaptation of an existing evidence-based intervention served as an effective method for developing a PrEP social marketing campaign for Latino/a/x audiences. CBPR and strong community partnerships were essential to tailor materials and provide avenues to systematically address barriers to PrEP access. Social marketing is a promising strategy to promote PrEP among underserved Latino/a/x populations.
Machine Learning–Based Hyperglycemia Prediction: Enhancing Risk Assessment in a Cohort of Undiagnosed Individuals
Authors: Oyebola Kolapo , Ligali Funmilayo , Owoloye Afolabi , Erinwusi Blessing , Alo Yetunde , Musa Adesola Z , Aina Oluwagbemiga , Salako Babatunde 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Noncommunicable diseases continue to pose a substantial health challenge globally, with hyperglycemia serving as a prominent indicator of diabetes.

Objective
This study employed machine learning algorithms to predict hyperglycemia in a cohort of individuals who were asymptomatic and unraveled crucial predictors contributing to early risk identification.

Methods
This dataset included an extensive array of clinical and demographic data obtained from 195 adults who were asymptomatic and residing in a suburban community in Nigeria. The study conducted a thorough comparison of multiple machine learning algorithms to ascertain the most effective model for predicting hyperglycemia. Moreover, we explored feature importance to pinpoint correlates of high blood glucose levels within the cohort.

Results
Elevated blood pressure and prehypertension were recorded in 8 (4.1%) and 18 (9.2%) of the 195 participants, respectively. A total of 41 (21%) participants presented with hypertension, of which 34 (83%) were female. However, sex adjustment showed that 34 of 118 (28.8%) female participants and 7 of 77 (9%) male participants had hypertension. Age-based analysis revealed an inverse relationship between normotension and age (r=−0.88; P=.02). Conversely, hypertension increased with age (r=0.53; P=.27), peaking between 50‐59 years. Of the 195 participants, isolated systolic hypertension and isolated diastolic hypertension were recorded in 16 (8.2%) and 15 (7.7%) participants, respectively, with female participants recording a higher prevalence of isolated systolic hypertension (11/16, 69%) and male participants reporting a higher prevalence of isolated diastolic hypertension (11/15, 73%). Following class rebalancing, the random forest classifier gave the best performance (accuracy score 0.89; receiver operating characteristic–area under the curve score 0.89; F1-score 0.89) of the 26 model classifiers. The feature selection model identified uric acid and age as important variables associated with hyperglycemia.

Conclusions
The random forest classifier identified significant clinical correlates associated with hyperglycemia, offering valuable insights for the early detection of diabetes and informing the design and deployment of therapeutic interventions. However, to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of each feature’s contribution to blood glucose levels, modeling additional relevant clinical features in larger datasets could be beneficial.
Spectroscopic Study of Synthesized Copper Nanoparticles by Chemical Reduction Method
Authors: N. Padole Nandkishor , Majgavali Nilesh V. , Meshram Monali A. , Padole Nitin N. 
Published: April 2024

Well-dispersed and uniform-size preparation of Copper nanoparticles and its X-ray diffraction studies are reported in this paper. A simple and cheapest chemical reduction method with copper sulfate pentahydrate as a main precursor is used for the synthesis of Copper nanoparticles. A wide range of experimental conditions has been adopted in this process and its X-Ray diffraction characterizations have been studied. UV-visible spectroscopic analysis showed the maximum absorption at 295 nm. Transmission electron microscopy reveals the spherical morphology of the synthesized particles. The results confirm copper nanopowder with an average particle size in the range of 30-60 nm.
To Study the Regulatory Guidelines for API of Ibuprofen: A Review
Authors: Jadhav Shraddha V. , A.S. Nikam , S.B. Gunjal 
Published: April 2024

The registration structure of pharmaceutical outcomes is governed by pharmaceutical medication regulatory affairs. It has a broad scope that encompasses all aspects of documentation and marketing in a legitimate format. In our country, the pharmaceutical business is one of the most coordinated industries. Regulatory affairs experts require a current market overview in order to connect pharmaceutical companies with international regulatory bodies. Regulatory issues RA is a career that overlaps a number of industries, including pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and biotechnology. Within the pharmaceutical sector, RA has a specific connotation. DRA is a dynamic field that encompasses both scientific and legal aspects of drug development. DRA professionals are dedicated individuals who take pride in their contribution to improving humanity’s health and quality of life. The scope of RA as a profession is much more than the registration of outcomes. They provide strategic and practical advice to businesses at a high level. Their small continues through preparation, marketing, and post-marketing. Professionals from RA help the organisation avoid problems caused by sloppy records, incorrect scientific reasoning, or poor data presentation. The claims that can be made for the product on labelling or in advertising are usually restricted in most outcomes areas where regulatory limitations are imposed.
Implementation of artificial intelligence capabilities in education
Authors: Роберт И.В. 
Published: April 2024

В статье описываются возможности искусственного интеллекта и их использование в целях повышения эффективности образовательного процесса. Обосновывается необходимость развития нового направления научно-педагогических исследований «Искусственный интеллект в образовании». Представлены два направления подготовки учителей информатики: искусственный интеллект как объект изучения в рамках учебного предмета «Информатика» и искусственный интеллект как средство повышения эффективности процесса обучения.
The article considers the capabilities of artificial intelligence and its use to increase educational process efficiency. The necessity of developing a new direction of scientific and pedagogical research “Artificial Intelligence in Education” is considered in the article. Two areas of training for computer science teachers are presented: artificial intelligence as an object of study within the educational subject “Informatics” and artificial intelligence as a means of increasing learning process efficiency.
Marginal Leakage in Interfaces Formed by Bovine Dentin and Adhesive Cements Applied with Different Bonding Techniques
Authors: Oliveira Ana Natália , Caldas Ricardo Armini , Consani Rafael Leonardo Xediek 
Published: April 2024

Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the marginal microleakage in interfaces formed by bovine dentin and adhesive cements applied with different bonding techniques.
Materials and Methods: Thirty bovine teeth dentin blocks measuring 5 mm x 5 mm x 1 mm were made with one side completely in dentin substract (20 mm2). The dentin blocks were randomly divided into three groups according to the cementation technique used: CTS+RX (conventional 3-step adhesive + dual-activation resin cement), SBS+RX (single-bottle self-etching adhesive + dual-activation resin cement), and SAC (self-adhesive cement). A photopolymerizable composite resin block with the same dimensions was fixed on the dentin block according to the instructions for each adhesive technique. The dentin-composite resin blocks made with each adhesive technique were separated into subgroups (n = 5) for 7 days (control) and for 6 months of water storage. After each period, the blocks were individually immersed in test tubes containing neutral methylene blue dye for 2 hours. The samples were washed, dried, and evaluated with a stereoscopic magnifying glass, and the amount of infiltrated pigment was analyzed using spectrophotometry (Beckman DU 65). The data were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (5%).
Results: Microleakage level for the conventional 3-step or self-etching technique remained similar for 7 days (18 ± 25 and 43 ± 45 μm, respectively) or 6 months (42 ± 55 and 52 ± 87 μm, respectively). The self-adhesive technique showed higher microleakage levels for 7-day (263 ± 98 μm) and 6-month periods (441 ± 226 μm) compared to other adhesive techniques. There was a statistically significant difference between evaluation times only for the self-adhesive technique.
Conclusions: Higher microleakage levels by storage in water occurred with the self-adhesive technique in both evaluation periods.
Clinical Relevance: The different microleakage levels promoted at the dentin-composite resin interface should be considered in adhesive clinical procedures in relation to long-term use.
The Effectiveness of Using Bulls With Increased Immune Response in Terms of Milk Yield, Milk Contents, and Somatic Cell Count in Polish Holstein-Friesian Cows
Authors: Sobczyński Bogumił , Piwczyński Dariusz , Sitkowska Beata , Wójcik Piotr , Kolenda Magdalena 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The dairy cattle industry has witnessed significant advancements in production traits, including milk yield, reproduction, and health, through decades of breeding efforts. Despite these improvements, cow health and milk hygiene remain essential. High immune response (HIR) technology identifies cattle with optimized immune responses, enabling the selection of bulls with high immune responses for breeding. Studies indicate that HIR-based breeding improves animal health without compromising production traits. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of bulls with a high immune response in improving milk yield, milk contents, and somatic cell count in the milk of Polish Holstein-Friesian cows. A total of 11,509 cows of the Polish Holstein-Friesian breed were used. Among those, 1,773 animals were the offspring of HIR bulls, including 926 first-generation offspring (called I50 group) and 847 second-generation offspring (I25 group). There were 9,736 animals unrelated to HIR bulls (I0 group). Selected production and functional traits were analyzed. The results show that cows with higher kinship to HIR bulls showed increased milk yield. However, their milk exhibited lower fat, protein, and casein content. A favorable impact of HIR bulls was demonstrated by the decrease in somatic cell count in their offspring’s milk compared to the milk of cows from the I0 group. This research contributes valuable insights into the potential benefits of using HIR bulls in dairy cattle breeding programs, emphasizing the importance of balancing production traits with health considerations.
Effect of Dietary Moldavian Balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Status, Immune Response, and Gene Expression of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Hoseinifar Seyed Hossein , Ghafarifarsani Hamed , Raeisi Mojtaba , Raissy Mehdi , Safari Roghieh , Khosraviani Kaveh , Yousefi Morteza , Doan Hien Van 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chemical compounds used to prevent and control fish disease often cause environmental hazards; thus, alternative approaches as new and effective strategies are needed. The current investigation was performed with the aim of exploring the effects of dietary Moldavian balm (MB, Dracocephalum moldavica L.) on the growth, immune parameters, and antioxidant status of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Fish (n=300, w=3.80±0.02 g) in four groups in triplicates were supplemented with 0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% MB. After 42 days, it was found that feed supplements increased final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR) and decreased the food conversion ratio (FCR) (P<0.05). In addition, fish supplemented with 2% MB significantly showed higher serum total protein (TP), alternative complement pathway (ACH50), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (P<0.05). The 0.5% MB-supplemented fish represented higher levels of LYZ, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total Ig, and ACH50 in their skin mucus in comparison with the unsupplemented fish (P<0.05). The results also indicated that 2% MB resulted in a significantly higher expression level of intestinal tumor necrosis factor (TNF- α) (P<0.05); however, the level of LYZ, interleukin-1β (IL-1
β), and TLRs decreased in supplemented fish. CAT and SOD expressions were increased in 0.5% MB supplement. In conclusion, MB could be recommended as an efficient feed additive to boost common carp’s growth, immunity, and health status.
Recent Developments in Antibiotic Contamination of Animal Products, Soil, and Water Worldwide – A Review
Authors: Robles-Jimenez Lizbeth E. , Ghavipanje Navid , Hernandez Juan Carlos Angeles , Gonzalez-Ronquillo Manuel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), facilitated by antibiotic consumption, remains one of the biggest threats to global health and food security. The burgeoning AMR has an estimated forecast of 10 million deaths and 100 trillion USD economic losses annually worldwide by 2050 if no urgent actions are taken. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics in food animal production plays an expressive role in the AMR crisis. This paper compiles information regarding antibiotics and AMR in animals, animal-derived products, and agriculture-impacted environment. A holistic approach is needed to mitigate the burden of AMR within the context of human-animal-environment. Currently there are few approaches to this problem such as nanotechnology, anaerobic digestion, biochar composting, and alternatives to antibiotic treatments (like herbal plant extracts, probiotics, vaccines, enzymes, and antimicrobial peptides) have been developed. However, there are gaps in knowledge about AMR and areas for improvement are obvious. There is no clear path to put an end to the persistent trends of AMR. Despite the trends for stricter regulation on the use of antibiotics worldwide, they find their way into food animal production, water, and soil as a result of misuses in many countries. We need to acknowledge the antibiotic contamination and/or AMR as a silent pandemic, and we are challenged to adopt a global approach to reducing and improving their use.
Perceptions towards orthodontic marketing through social media among young adults seeking orthodontic treatment: a qualitative study
Authors: Adanan Amalina , Kamarudin Yasmin , Nor Nor Azlida Mohd , Bahar Aufa Dahlia , Abd Rahman Aida Nur Ashikin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Social media, particularly Instagram and Facebook, are commonly used for advertising orthodontic treatment.

Aim
The aim of the present study was to explore the perceptions towards social media marketing by young adults seeking orthodontic treatment in Malaysia.

Materials and methods
This was a qualitative study using semi-structured in-depth interviews of 15 young adults aged between 22- and 30-years old. The participants were selected through purposive sampling from multiple private and public clinics within the Klang Valley, Malaysia. Data were transcribed verbatim into Microsoft Word and coded using the NVivo12 software. Thematic analysis was applied to investigate the data.

Results
The perceptions of young adults on social media marketing of orthodontic treatment generated six themes which were categorised as positive (source of information, good marketing strategy, convenience, and a means to improve connection and communication) or negative (false or misleading information and the presence of disingenuous social media profiles). Seven factors influenced the subject’s decision-making process which were social media features, online trends, treatment costs, clinic location, third parties, knowledge and the availability of online information.

Conclusion
Young adults mainly had positive perceptions towards orthodontic marketing through social media. The findings of this study provide important insights for dental practitioners, policymakers, and stakeholders on how young adults are using social media and the factors that influence their decision-making process when searching for orthodontic treatment providers.