bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Nucleoside Analogues for the Therapy of Virus Disease: An Overview
Authors: HILGEROTH A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Endogenous Tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids (TIQ′s): A Starting Point to Understand Alcoholism
Authors: MELZIG M. F. , HABER H. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Radiation‐Chemical Degradation of Cellulose and Other Polysaccharides
Authors: ERSHOV B. G. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Biomimetic Alkane Oxidation Involving Metal Complexes
Authors: KARASEVICH E. I. , KULIKOVA V. S. , SHILOV A. E. , SHTEINMAN A. A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Organic Peroxides
Authors: BAJ S. , CHROBOK A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Dirhodium(II) Tetrakis(methyl pyrrolidone‐5‐carboxylate) [Rh2(5R‐mepy)4 and Rh2(5S‐mepy)4] and Related Chiral Rhodium Catalysts
Authors: PODLECH J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Complexes with Biologically Important Ligands. Part 100. Bioorganometallic Chemistry—Transition Metal Complexes with α‐Amino Acids and Peptides
Authors: SEVERIN K. , BERGS R. , BECK W. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Separation of proteins from olive oil by CE: An approximation to the differentiation of monovarietal olive oils
Authors: Montealegre Cristina , Marina María Luisa , García‐Ruiz Carmen 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe separation of proteins from olive oils by CE has been achieved for the first time in this work. Based on the protein profiles obtained using UV detection, a novel approach has also been proposed enabling the differentiation of monovarietal olive oils. An extraction procedure based on the precipitation of proteins in cold acetone and their isolation and solubilization in a hydro‐organic medium prior to their in‐capillary preconcentration in CE was a critical step in method development since proteins are minor components of olive oils. Then, a CE separation using a basic medium in a dynamically coated capillary originated electrophoretic profiles with multiple peaks from which seven of them were identified as proteins. When different monovarietal olive oils were injected, three different regions (zones I, II, and III) were identified. Zone III, called as differential zone, enabled to distinguish easily between extra virgin olive oils made from the Arbequina variety and the Picual and Hojiblanca varieties. This is the first time that protein profiles have been employed for the differentiation of botanical varieties of olive oils showing an enormous potential as traceability markers for these highly appreciated oils.
HPLC/CE‐ESI‐TOF‐MS methods for the characterization of polyphenols in almond‐skin extracts
Authors: Arráez‐Román David , Fu Shaoping , Sawalha Saleh M. S. , Segura‐Carretero Antonio , Fernández‐Gutiérrez Alberto 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe have developed two rapid methods using CE and HPLC coupled to ESI‐TOF‐MS and both these methods have been compared for the separation and characterization of antioxidant phenolic compounds in almond‐skin extract. Under optimum CE‐ESI‐TOF‐MS conditions we achieved the determination of nine compounds from the polar fraction in 35 min. Furthermore, by using the HPLC‐ESI‐TOF‐MS method, a total of 23 compounds corresponding to phenolic acids and the flavonoid family were identified from almond skin in only 9 min. The sensitivity, together with mass accuracy and true isotopic pattern of TOF‐MS, allowed the identification of a broad series of known phenolic compounds present in almond‐skin extracts using HPLC and CE as separation techniques.
Behavioral arousal in response to stress and drug cue in alcohol and cocaine addicted individuals versus healthy controls
Authors: Chaplin Tara M. , Hong Kwangik , Fox Helen C. , Siedlarz Kristen M. , Bergquist Keri , Sinha Rajita 
Published: June 2010

AbstractNegative emotional arousal in response to stress and drug cues is known to play a role in the development and continuation of substance use disorders. However, studies have not examined behavioral indicators of such arousal.ObjectiveThe current study examined behavioral and bodily arousal in response to stress and drug cue in individuals with alcohol dependence and cocaine dependence as compared to healthy controls using a new scale.MethodsFifty‐two alcohol dependent (AD group), 45 cocaine dependent (COC group), and 68 healthy controls (HC group) were exposed to individually developed stressful, drug‐cue, and neutral‐relaxing imagery. Behavioral and bodily responses were assessed with a new scale, the Behavioral Arousal Scale (BAS).ResultsThe BAS showed acceptable inter‐rater reliability and internal consistency and correlated with subjective negative emotion and craving. BAS scores were higher in stress than neutral conditions for all three groups. COC participants showed higher BAS response to stress than AD or HC participants. COC and AD participants showed greater BAS response to drug cue than HC participants.ConclusionBehavioral arousal is a domain in which stress and drug related arousal is expressed and assessment of this domain could provide unique information about vulnerability to craving and relapse in addicted populations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metabolic networks for assessment of therapy and diagnosis in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Hirano Shigeki , Eckert Thomas , Flanagan Toni , Eidelberg David 
Published: June 2010

AbstractNeuroimaging and modern computational techniques like spatial covariance analysis have contributed greatly to the understanding of neural system abnormalities in neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). The application of network analysis to metabolic PET data obtained from patients with PD has led to the identification and validation of two distinct spatial covariance patterns associated with the motor and cognitive manifestations of the disease. Quantifying the activity of these patterns in individual subjects has provided an objective tool for the assessment of treatment efficacy and differential diagnosis. We have found that activity of the PD motor‐related network is modulated by antiparkinsonian treatments such as dopaminergic therapy, deep brain stimulation (DBS), and subthalamic nucleus (STN) gene therapy. By contrast, the cognitive‐related network is not altered by these interventions for PD motor symptoms. This pattern may however change in response to therapies targeting the cognitive symptoms of this disorder. Recent work has focused on the identification of specific network biomarkers for atypical parkinsonian conditions such as multiple system atrophy (MSA) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). These disease‐related patterns can potentially be used in an automated imaging‐based algorithm to classify patients with these disorders. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
MRI and cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Ibarretxe‐Bilbao Naroa , Tolosa Eduardo , Junque Carme , Marti Maria‐Jose 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPatients with Parkinson's disease (PD) may present impairment in cognitive functions even at early stages of the disease. When compared with the general population, their risk of dementia is five to six times higher. Recent investigations using structural MRI have shown that dementia in PD is related to cortical structural changes and that specific cognitive dysfunctions can be attributed to atrophy in specific structures. We review the structural MRI studies carried out in PD using either a manual region of interest (ROI) approach or voxel‐based morphometry (VBM). ROI studies have shown that hippocampal volume is decreased in patients with PD with and without dementia; in addition, hippocampal atrophy correlated with deficits in verbal memory. VBM studies have demonstrated that dementia in PD involves structural changes in limbic areas and widespread cortical atrophy. Findings in nondemented patients with PD are less conclusive, possibly because cognitively heterogeneous groups of patients have been studied. Patients with PD with cognitive impairment and/or visual hallucinations present greater brain atrophy than patients without these characteristics. These findings suggest that cortical atrophy is related to cognitive dysfunction in PD and precedes the development of dementia. Structural MRI might therefore provide an early marker for dementia in PD. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Novel soluble fluorinated poly(ether imide)s with different pendant groups: Synthesis, thermal, dielectric, and optical properties
Authors: Liu Yu , Xing Yan , Zhang Yunhe , Guan Shaowei , Zhang Haibo , Wang Yu , Wang Yongpeng , Jiang Zhenhua 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThree types of new bis(ether dianhydride) monomers, [4,4′‐(2‐(3′‐methylphenyl)‐1,4‐phenylenedioxy)‐diphthalic anhydride (4a)], [4,4′‐(2‐(3′‐trifluoromethylphenyl)‐1,4‐phenylenedioxy)‐diphthalic anhydride (4b)], and [4,4′‐(2‐(3′,5′‐ditrifluoromethylphenyl)‐1,4‐phenylenedioxy)‐diphthalic anhydride (4c)] were prepared via a multistep reaction sequence. Three series of soluble poly(ether imide)s (PEIs) were prepared from the obtained dianhydrides by a two‐step chemical imidization method. Experimental results indicated that all the PEIs had glass transition temperature in the range of 200–230 °C and the temperature of 5% weight loss in the range of 520–590 °C under nitrogen. The PEIs showed excellent solubility in a variety of organic solvents due to introduction of the bulky pendant groups and were capable of forming tough films. The casting films of PEIs (80–91 μm in thickness) had tensile strengths in the range from 88 to 117 MPa, tensile modulus from 2.14 to 2.47 GPa, and elongation at break from 15 to 27%. The casting films showed UV‐Vis absorption edges at 357–377 nm, low dielectric constants of 2.73–2.82, and water uptakes lower than 0.66 wt %. The spin‐coated films of PEIs presented a minimum birefringence value as low as 0.0122 at 650 nm and low optical absorption at the optical communication wavelengths of 1310 and 1550 nm. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 3281–3289, 2010
Streaming birefringence as a rheological research tool
Authors: Wayland Harold 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis paper reviews the theoretical and experimental evidence currently available to establish criteria to aid the experimenter who wishes to use streaming birefringence as a tool for studying fluid flow. Instrumental techniques are reviewed, and the possibilities for both qualitative and quantitative flow visualization by streaming birefringence in pure Newtonian liquids, colloidal suspensions and dilute and concentrated polymer solutions are discussed. Methods of reconstruction of the velocity and stress fields from birefringence data are outlined.
Rheo‐optical properties of polymers. X. Relaxation
Authors: Legrand D. G. , Haaf W. R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractLight scattering relaxation in thin strained polyethylene films has been determined. Results for swollen and unswollen films are presented. Concurrent studies of stress relaxation indicate that the mechanism by which relaxation takes place is associated with changes in the average fluctuation in refractive index of the material. The ratio of the change in the fluctuation in refractive index to stress appears to be independent of time.
Differential thermal analysis of linear polyesters
Authors: Schulken R. M. , Boy R. E. , Cox R. H. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDifferential thermal analysis (DTA) was used to measure crystallization, melting, and glass transition temperatures of poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly‐1,4‐cyclohexylene‐dimethylene terephthalate, and some copolyesters. These values are affected in different ways by systematic changes in such factors us copolymerination, molecular block formation, crystal perfection, nucleation, thermal history, and orientation. At least two types of abnormally high melting structures were formed and identified. The stability of these polymers to thermal and oxidative degradation was studied by DTA.
Dynamic differential thermal analysis of the glass transition interval
Authors: Wuxderlich Bernhard , Bodily David M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDynamic differential thermal analysis (DDTA) will be described and its application to the study of the glass transition interval of polystyrene will be discussed. The mode of operation involves reproducible cooling from the molten state through the glass transition interval and subsequent heating, both at reproducible linear rates of temperature change. Data on the temperature of half‐freezing on cooling and on the temperature of the peak and (or) minimum in the heat capacity have been collected and will be compared with theoretical expressions derived on the basis of the hole theory of liquids. From the half‐freezing temperature on cooling; which is taken to be a mean fictive temperature, properties of a mean hole are calculated for polystyrene. (Mean molar hole volume = 21.9 cm.3, energy 1600 cal., activation energy 157,600 cal.; relaxation time at the fictive temperature 5.5 min,) DDTA will be shown to be applicable to the determination of the second freezing‐in process of polystyrene which occurs over a range of 230 to 350°K. and is thought to involve the librational motion of the phenyl rings.
Thermal analysis of high polymers: Differential thermal analysis and dynamic electrothermal analysis
Authors: Chiu Jen 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe presentation consists of two parts. In the first part, a modification of a previously reported high‐resolution differential thermal analysis apparatus is described which extends the temperature range to 1100°C. and permits operation at pressures as low as 10μ. A sample of less than 1 mg. may be used to give well defined thermograms. The thermal behavior of an aromatic polyimide was studied and also of TFE‐fluorocarbon rosins in nitrogen and oxygen at various pressures. In the second part, an apparatus for performing simultaneous differential thermal analysis (DTA) and electrothermal analysis (ETA) is described. Changes in both heat content and electrical resistivity of a single sample are followed continuously as a function of sample temperature. Physical transitions such as melting, crystallization, glass transition, vaporization, and crystalline structural changes, and decomposition reactions are readily studied for a variety of polymer systems.
Colloidal macromolecular phenomena
Authors: Battista O. A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractColloidal macromolecular phenomena represent a novel segment of polymer chemistry. They are associated with the unique physical behavior of discrete, particulate, and highly organized aggregates of hundreds or thousands of long chain molecules having dimensions roughly between those of the smallest viruses and the larger bacteria. Unique rheological and other functional properties are exhibited by unhinged colloidal macro‐molecular micro crystals possessing truly colloidal dimensions, namely, circular or rectangular rods, or platelets of the order of 25 A. × 50 A. × >1000 A., properties that are in large measure independent of chemical composition. Two commercial products now are available utilizing colloidal macromolecular phenomena (Avicel micro crystal line cellulose and Baymal colloidal alumina). It is believed that these are the forerunners of many new colloidal macromolecular products to come, new products fashioned from microcrystals of both synthetic and natural high polymers, from organic as well as inorganic high polymers, or combinations of both of them.
Diffusion of water through hydrocarbon liquids
Authors: Schatzberg Paul 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDiffusion of water through slightly volatile hydrocarbon liquids can be described by dm/dt = –DA(dc/dx) where dm/dt is the rate of mass transport, A the area, dc/dx the concentration gradient, and D the diffusion coefficient. For dilute systems, D can be determined from an experimental evaluation of dm/dt, A, and dc/dx. In the experimental arrangement used, water diffuses through a layer of hydrocarbon lying fiat on a layer of water in a small beaker which is attached to a recording microbalance. The system is closed and maintained anhydrous with MgClO4. When steady‐state diffusion is attained, dm/dt is measured directly by the microbalance. Water diffuses from maximum concentration (water‐hydrocarbon interface) to zero concentration (hydrocarbon‐anhydrous air interface). Thus, the gradient dc/dx becomes –s/l where s is the solubility of water in the hydrocarbon, and l is the layer thickness. Therefore D = (dm/dt)l/(sA). Diffusion coefficients have been determined for water diffusing through n‐hexadecane and 2, 6, 10, 15, 19, 23‐hexamethyl tetracusane at five temperatures from 25–45°C. Results give a good fit in an Arrhenius plot. Diffusion activation energies are calculated as well as entropies of activation based on the Eyring absolute rate theory. Results are compared with data for the diffusion of water through polyethylene and polypropylene.
Solution and diffusion of gases and vapors in silicone rubber membranes
Authors: Barrer R. M. , Chio H. T. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSolution and diffusion of He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, H2, N2, O2, and n‐C4H10 have been studied in filled dimethylpolysiloxane elastomers, at temperatures between 0 and −37°C. for all penetrants, and down to −78°C. for some. Crystallization of the rubber, commencing at about −50°C. resulted in large decreases in permeability and diffusion coefficients and smaller decreases in solubility. Diffusion coefficients were measured in three different ways and solubility coefficients in two. Above the crystallization temperature, the results by all methods agreed for a lightly filled rubber but for a rubber with a high filler content especially when partially crystalline (i.e., below −50°C.) differences were observed between solubility coefficients measured directly and those derived from permeation and diffusion. These differences arc related to the heterogeneity of the medium and to consequent differences in diffusion coefficients obtained by the time‐lag and steady‐state methods. Diffusion and solubility coefficients both show relationships with other physical properties. Permeabilities of the silicone rubbers to gases are high, and selectivity can be good as between appropriate pairs of molecules.
Structure of cholla gum (Opuntia fulgida)
Authors: Parikh V. M. , Jones J. K. N. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe structure of cholla gum has been investigated using (a) the methylation procedure, (b) by oxidation of the polysaccharide with periodate (the Smith procedure), and (c), by its partial hydrolysis with the formation of sugars and oligosaccharides. It is composed of a main chain of D‐galactopyranose residues fi‐linked 1 → 3 and/or 1 → 6, to which are attached side chains. These branches contain D‐galacturonic acid, D‐galactose, and D‐xylose, all in the pyranose form, and L‐rhamnose and L‐arabinofuranose residues. The chains are terminated by D‐xylopyranose or L‐arabinofuranose units. D‐Xylose is present only in terminal residues.
The sorption of glucomannan and xylan on α‐cellulose wood fibers
Authors: Clayton D. W. , Phelps G. R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe rates of sorption of spruce glucomannan and of a modified birch xylan (containing less than 3% uronic anhydride) upon never‐dried α‐cellulose wood fibers in 0.02N alkali have been measured at 4 temperatures ranging from 5–40°C. By labeling the glucomannan with carbon‐14 and the xylan with tritium it was possible to measure the rates of sorption of each hemicellulose alone or in solution together at the same concentration. In both cases the rates of sorption of the glucomannan were about twice those for the xylan. Average activation energies (kcal./mole) derived from the rates were as follows: glucomannan alone, 3.8; glucomannan in admixture with xylan, 3.1; xylan alone or in admixture with glucomaunan, 6.3. The initial rates of sorption, estimated graphically by a methods which is shown to have severe theoretical limitations, gave higher values for the activation energies, viz.: glucomannan alone, 6.6; glucomannan in admixture with xylan, 5.8; xylan alone, 10.0; xylan in admixture with glucomannan, 10.1 kcal./mole. All these values suggest that the sorption of both hemicelluloses is physical. Although the initial rate of sorption of the xylan was not significantly affected by the presence of the glucomannan, its total sorption after 10 min was reduced by an average of 18% when glucomannan was present. The lower rate of sorption of the xylan is ascribed to the presence of its uronic acid carboxylic groups. A small percentage of these groups can apparently override the conformational similarity of xylan and cellulose.