bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Notch Increases T/NK Potential of Human Hematopoietic Progenitors and Inhibits B Cell Differentiation at a Pro-B Stage
Authors: Benne Clarisse , Lelievre Jean Daniel , Balbo Michelle , Henry Adeline , Sakano Seiji , Levy Yves 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Notch and its ligands regulate multiple cell fate decisions. However, several questions on the timing, durability, and reversibility of Notch signaling effects on human hematopoietic precursors are still unresolved. Here, we used recombinant Delta ligands to deliver temporally and dose-controlled signals to human immature cord blood CD34+CD38low cells at clonal cell levels. Notch activation increased the frequency of multipotent progenitors, skewed the T and natural killer (NK) cell potential of CD34+CD38low clones in a dose- and ligand-dependent manner, and inhibited the differentiation of B cell clones. Low doses of ligands were sufficient for significantly increasing the frequency of NK cell precursors, whereas higher doses were required for increasing the frequency of T-cell clones. Interestingly, we demonstrate that temporary Notch activation prevents the subsequent differentiation of CD34+CD38low cells beyond a pro-B CD79a+CD19− stage characterized as a common lymphoid progenitor (CLP). Moreover, the lymphoid potential of this pro-B/CLP was skewed toward NK cell potential while the B cell precursor frequency was dramatically reduced.
These results indicate critical timing and quantitative aspects of Notch/Delta interactions, imprinting the potential of CD34+CD38low hematopoietic progenitors. These results may have implications both in physiology and for cell manipulation because they demonstrate a tight regulation of the fate of human progenitors by Notch signaling. STEM CELLS 2009;27:1676–1685
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
A systematic representation of path constraints for implicit path enumeration technique
Authors: Kim Tai Hyo , Bang Ho Jung , Cha Sung Deok 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAccuracy of implicit path enumeration technique (IPET), which statically estimates the worst‐case execution time of a program using integer linear programming, relies on flow information captured as flow facts. Unfortunately, flow facts are inadequate for capturing complex and often subtle path constraints such as causalities. Manual annotation often introduces many disjunctions, and performance of IPET computation suffers significantly. This paper proposes a technique of encoding a subset of path constraints into flow facts. The technique has advantages over conventional approaches: (1) translation process is fully automated and (2) efficient IPET computation is possible because generated flow facts are compact in that they contain at most one disjunction. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique, a software tool was implemented to automatically generate flow facts for the subset of path constraints and case study has been conducted using public benchmark suites, GNU openSSH codes, and Korea multi‐purpose satellite (KOMPSAT‐1) software. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and experimental validation of automatic conversion procedure from mechanical to electrical connection for MEMS equivalent circuit
Authors: Fujiwara Nobuyo , Asami Kazuo , Iriye Yasuroh , Koike Tomoyuki , Tsuchiya Toshiyuki , Hashiguchi Gen 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis paper describes equivalent circuit for micro electromechanical system (MEMS) using a type of behavior model for expressing mechanical and electromechanical element within circuit simulation, in order to simulate their dynamic behaviors easily. To fully treat the equivalent circuit as the behavior model, the equivalent interconnection expression for mechanical splice is required. In this work, a new approach has been proposed for converting the system composed of mechanical and electromechanical elements to equivalent circuit expression. This approach consists of substitution of unit equivalent elements and conversion of each equivalent interconnection for mechanical splices. We applied graph theory for equivalent interconnection. With this approach, complex MEMS consisting of a number of transducers and mechanical elements can be easily converted into equivalent circuits. In order to validate this approach, the resonant property of electrostatic comb‐drive actuator was simulated using the equivalent circuit generated and measured experimentally. The simulated resonant frequency was in good agreement with the measurement and the admittance characteristics were well described using this circuit with a consideration of coupling capacitances at the comb electrodes. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Development of µGC (micro gas chromatography) with high performance micromachined chip column
Authors: Nishino Masanori , Takemori Yusuke , Matsuoka Satoshi , Kanai Masaki , Nishimoto Takahiro , Ueda Masahito , Komori Kyoichi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA micro gas chromatography (µGC) instrument applying a high performance chip column fabricated on a silicon wafer was developed. Experimental results of the chip column and protyping of a µGC instrument are described. Approximately 35 000 theoretical plates were generated with the chip column coated liquid phase (5% phenyl‐/95% dimethyl‐polysiloxane). The theoretical plates of the chip column were close to those of the capillary column. Experimental minimum height equivalent to a theoretical plate (HETP, Hmin) of the chip column was 1.2 times higher than the calculated Hmin. A prototype µGC applying the chip column was developed. The µGC generated approximately 35 000 theoretical plates, similar to the theoretical plates obtained by a commercial GC instrument. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A constant DC voltage control based compensation method of an active power quality compensator for electrified railways
Authors: Tanaka Toshihiko , Ishikura Norio , Hiraki Eiji 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel and simple control method for the active power quality compensators (APQCs) used in electrified railways. The proposed method uses only the constant dc capacitor voltage control block, which is commonly used in the APQCs. No detection blocks of the harmonic, reactive, and negative‐sequence components are necessary. Thus we offer the simplest way to compensate the harmonic, reactive, and negative‐sequence currents on the primary side of the Scott transformer in the traction substation. The basic principle of the proposed control method is discussed in detail, and then confirmed by digital computer simulation usingPSIM software. A prototype experimental model is constructed and tested. Experimental results demonstrate that the balanced source currents with the unity power factor are obtained on the primary side with the proposed control method, which uses only the constant dc capacitor voltage control. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Economic evaluation of offshore wind power in the liberalized Dutch power market
Authors: Chang Junying , Ummels Bart C. , van Sark Wilfried G.J.H.M. , den Rooijen Huub P.G.M. , Kling Wil L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe variability and limited predictability of wind power challenges the operation of power systems, where the generation and load are required in balance at all times. The transmission system operator (TSO) is the responsible party. In a liberalized energy sector, key technical elements of power system operation have been transferred to markets and are thereby translated into economic responsibilities born by all system parties. The Dutch TSO TenneT operates the 15 min interval real‐time system balancing the market platform where energy responsibilities are economically assessed. Market parties subject to programme responsibilities with wind power as part of their generation portfolio must bear the integration costs of wind power's variability and forecast errors. The question arises what the real value of wind power is in the market. In this paper, a straightforward approach is used for the economic evaluation of existing wind power, taking Dutch market as a case study. Factual production data are obtained from a 108 MW offshore wind farm. Two variations of persistence forecast model are applied for the assessment of wind power value, which is quantified using price data on the Dutch wholesale markets and the TSO's balancing market. It is found that presently in The Netherlands, wind power is a price‐taker with a value equalling 90–110% of averaged market prices, including the imbalance cost component. The right‐skewed distribution of APX (Amsterdam Power eXchange) spot market prices is found to reduce the market value of wind power. The impact of forecast errors on overall wind power value is low due to the small impact of wind power on short‐term wholesale market prices. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of aerosol particle sources in semi‐rural area of Kwabenya, near Accra, Ghana, by EDXRF techniques
Authors: Aboh Innocent Joy Kwame , Henriksson Dag , Laursen Jens , Lundin Magnus , Ofosu Francis Gormon , Pind Niels , Selin Lindgren Eva , Wahnström Tomas 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSmall aerosol particles have for a long time been known to be harmful to humans, and are today regarded to cause a larger number of deaths than traffic accidents globally. Energy dispersive x‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF) is a well known method that has been used for identification of toxic as well as non‐toxic elements in the particles. The combination of elements will together with other information help to identify the sources and predict the effects of particles on environment and human health.The present work was conducted in Kwabenya, a suburb of the capital Accra of Ghana, which is frequently exposed to Harmattan dust from the Sahara–Sahel region. In total 171 filters each of PM2.5 and PM(2.5–10) were collected during 1 year. Levels of elements, black carbon (BC) and mass, were determined for both particle sizes. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on the datasets from Harmattan and non‐Harmattan periods.The daily average of PM10 was very high, 179 µg m−3 and the BC contents were 4 µg m−3. The presence of crustal elements was large in PM(2.5–10) as well as in PM2.5, and had a more than tenfold increase in PM(2.5–10) during the Harmattan period. Major characteristic elements for different sources were identified from correlation coefficients and regression analysis of the data. Sahara sand aerosol was the major source in both study periods, but influence from biomass burning, sea‐spray and metal industries was also observed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First Mixed Alkaline Uranyl Molybdates: Synthesis and Crystal Structures of CsNa3[(UO2)4O4(Mo2O8)] and Cs2Na8[(UO2)8O8(Mo5O20)]
Authors: Nazarchuk Evgeny V. , Siidra Oleg I. , Krivovichev Sergey V. , Malcherek Thomas , Depmeier Wulf 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTwo new mixed alkaline uranyl molybdates CsNa3[(UO2)4O4Mo2O8] (1) and Cs2Na8[(UO2)8O8(Mo5O20)] (2) have been obtained by high‐temperature solid state reactions. Their crystal structures have been solved by direct methods: Compound 1: triclinic, P$\bar{1}$, a = 6.46(1), b = 6.90(1), c = 11.381(2) Å, α = 84.3(1), β = 91.91(1), γ = 80.23(1)°, V = 488.6(2) Å3, R1 = 0.06 for 2865 unique reflections with |Fo| ≥ 4σF; Compound 2: orthorhombic, Ibam, a = 6.8460(2), b = 23.3855(7), c = 12.3373(3) Å, V = 1975.2(1) Å3, R1 = 0.049 for 2120 unique reflections with |Fo| ≥ 4σF. The structure of 1 contains complex sheets of UrO5 pentagonal bipyramids and molybdenum polyhedra. The sheets have [(UO2)2O2(MoO5)] composition. Natrium and cesium atoms are located in the interlayer space. Cesium atoms are situated between the molybdenum clusters, whereas natrium atoms are segregated between the uranyl complexes. The large Cs+ ions are localized between the Mo2O9 groups and force the molybdenum polyhedra to rotate relative to the [(UO2)2O2(MoO5)] sheets. Such rotation is impossible for U6+ polyhedra due to their rigid edge‐sharing complexes. The distance between the U6+ polyhedra vertices of neighboring layers is 3.8 Å, that allows the Na+ ion to be positioned between the uranyl groups. The crystal structure of 2 is based upon a framework consisting of [(UO2)2O2(MoO5)] sheets parallel to (010). The sheets are linked into a 3‐D framework by sharing vertices with the Mo(2)O4 tetrahedra, located between the sheets. Each MoO4 tetrahedron shares two of its corners with two MoO6 octahedra in the sheet above, and the other two with MoO6 octahedra of the sheet below. Thus four MoO6 octahedra and one MoO4 tetrahedron form chains of composition Mo5O18. The resulting framework has a system of channels occupied by the Cs+ and Na+ ions.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of ZnII α‐Diimine Complexes with Chloride and Thiocyanate Co‐Ligands
Authors: Ferreira Leonardo C. , Filgueiras Carlos A. L. , Visentin Lorenzo C. , Bordinhaõ Jairo , Hörner Manfredo 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe preparation and spectroscopic and structural characterization of three ZnII complexes with bis[N‐(2,6‐dimethylphenyl)imine]acenaphthene, L1, and with bis[N‐(2‐ethylphenyl)imine]acenaphthene, L2, are decribed herein. Two of the complexes were prepared from ZnCl2 and the third from Zn(NCS)2. One‐pot reaction techniques were used, leading to high yields. The complexes were characterized by microanalysis, IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The structures of the complexes are significantly different, with the chloride‐containing species forming distorted tetrahedra around the metal, whereas its thiocyanate analog is dimeric, with each metal at the center of a distorted square pyramid, with bridging and terminal [SCN]– ligands.
Synthesis, Single Crystal Structure Determination and Rietveld Refinement of Cadmium Tetrametaphosphimate Octahydrate Cd2(PO2NH)4·8H2O
Authors: Römer S. Rebecca , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: April 2009

AbstractCd2(PO2NH)4·8H2O crystallizes in space group P21/c (no. 14), Z = 2, with a = 648.5(2), b = 1070.5(2), c = 1328.7(3) pm and β = 103.11(3) °. The structure, isotypic with M2(PO2NH)4·8H2O (M = Mg, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn), is composed of Cd2+ and (PO2NH)44− ions as well as crystal water molecules. The P4N4 rings of the (PO2NH)44− ions exhibit a slightly distorted chair‐2 conformation, which has been described by torsion angles, displacement asymmetry parameters and puckering parameters. The tetrametaphosphimate anions are connected forming layers. These layers are linked solely by hydrogen bonds, forming a three‐dimensional network.
Novel Octahedral Bis[2‐(1‐aziridinyl)ethanol‐κ2N,O] Complexes of Cobalt(II)
Authors: Putzien Sophie , Wirth Stefan , Roedel J. Nicolas , Lorenz Ingo‐Peter 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe synthesis and molecular structure of trans‐{bis[(acetato‐κO)‐(2‐(1‐aziridinyl)ethanol‐κ2N,O)]}cobalt(II) (4) and cis‐{bis[chlorido‐(2‐(1‐aziridinyl)ethanol‐κ2N,O)]}cobalt(II) (5) is reported. Both neutral chelate complexes are prepared from the corresponding CoII salt [CoX2; X = OAc (1), Cl (2)] and 2‐(1‐aziridinyl)ethanol (azolH, 3) in dry dichloromethane. A third, ionic complex, cis‐{bis[aqua‐(2‐(1‐aziridinyl)ethanol‐κ2N,O)]}cobalt(II) diacetate (6) is formed from 4 in the presence of water and could be crystallized from aqueous dichloromethane. In all cases, 2‐(1‐aziridinyl)ethanol is coordinating as bidentate chelate ligand by the nitrogen and oxygen atom of the aziridinyl and hydroxy moiety. After purification, the compounds have been fully characterized using IR spectroscopy and FAB+‐MS. The single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis revealed a distorted octahedral geometry for all complexes with either trans (4) or cis (5, 6) configuration.
New Ternary Silicide LiRh2Si2 – Structure and Bonding Peculiarities
Authors: Dinges Tim , Rodewald Ute C. , Matar Samir F. , Eckert Hellmut , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe silicide LiRh2Si2 was synthesized from the elements in a sealed niobium ampoule and was characterized by X‐ray powder and single‐crystal diffraction: FeMo2B2 type (ordered version of U3Si2), P4/mbm, a = 698.1(5), c = 274.6(4) pm, wR2 = 0.0842, 186 F2 values and 11 variables. The rhodium and silicon atoms build up a covalently bonded three‐dimensional [Rh2Si2] network (244–248 pm Rh–Si), in which the lithium atoms fill larger channels which extend along the c axis. A similar structural arrangement occurs in LiY2Si2, however, the strong difference in size between rhodium and yttrium leads to different distortions. LiRh2Si2 and LiY2Si2 are isopointal rather than isotypic. The crystal chemistry and bonding peculiarities of both silicides are discussed on the basis of ab initio electronic structure calculations. 7Li solid‐state NMR studies on LiRh2Si2 revealed restricted motional narrowing due to lithium atomic diffusion in the temperature range 170–450 K.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of the Tetrakis(methimazolyl)borates Li[Bmt4] and [Ru(p‐cymene)(Bmt4)][PF6]
Authors: Kunz Kerstin , Bolte Michael , Wagner Matthias , Lerner Hans‐Wolfram 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe lithium tetrakis(methimazolyl)borate, Li[Bmt4], is accessible from the reaction of Li[BH4] with four equivalents of methimazole. The crystal structure of Li[Bmt4] supported by four water molecules is described. Reaction of Li[Bmt4] with [Ru(p‐cymene)Cl2]2 and subsequent treatment with NH4PF6 in CH3CN results in the formation of the complex [Ru(p‐cymene)(Bmt4)][PF6]. In addition, we report the result of the X‐ray structure analysis of the chiral Ru complex [Ru(p‐cymene)(Bmt4)][PF6].
Silylated Tetrazoles and Triazoles
Authors: Gronde Ingo , Mitzel Norbert W. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract1‐Dimethysilyltetrazole (1) has been prepared from 1H‐tetrazole and chlorodimethylsilane in the presence of 2,6‐lutidine, bis(1‐tetrazolyl)dimethylsilane (2) from the reaction of 1H‐tetrazole, dimethyldichlorosilane and triethylamine and 5‐(trimethylsilylamino)‐1H‐tetrazole (3) from 5‐amino‐tetrazole monohydrate and hexamethyldisilazane. The reactions of 4‐amino‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole with different amounts of hexamethyldisilazane gave rearrangement reactions yielding 1‐trimethylsilyl‐3‐(trimethylsilyl)amino‐1,2,4‐triazole (4) and 1‐trimethylsilyl‐3‐bis(trimethylsilyl)amino‐1,2,4‐triazole (5). The compounds were characterised by NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C{1H} and 29Si NMR), by IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analyses and in the case of 3, 4 and 5 by determination of their crystal structures by X‐ray diffraction. The structure of a cocrystallisate of 4‐amino‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole with acetonitrile was also determined. Common structural distortions of silylated ring nitrogen atoms are discussed as well as hydrogen bonding motifs in the crystal structures.
Nutritional Risk Factors in Planned Oncologic Surgery: What Clinical and Biological Parameters Should Be Routinely Used?
Authors: Antoun Sami , Rey Annie , Béal Jacqueline , Montange Fabienne , Pressoir Martine , Vasson Marie‐Paule , Dupoiron Denis , Gourdiat‐Borye Anne , Guillaume Alain , Maget Brigitte , Nitenberg Gérard , Raynard Bruno , Bachmann Patrick 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundScreening for malnutrition is recommended in hospitalized and planned surgical patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the feasibility and routine prognostic value of using the principal recommended nutritional screening and evaluation tools for cancer patients undergoing major surgery.MethodsThis study is a prospective, 3‐month, multicenter observational trial recording weight loss, body mass index, albumin, transthyretin, and PG‐SGA. The morbidity rate was assessed on the basis of major complications (MC), whether of an infectious (MIC) or noninfectious (MNIC) nature.ResultsTwo hundred seventy‐five patients were recruited at nine centers. The following percentages were recorded with respect to morbidity: 28.4% MC, 12.7% MIC, and 22.2% MNIC. Univariate analysis revealed a statistical association only between weight loss greater than 10% and MIC and hospital stay. A weight loss of 15% is required to demonstrate an association with either MC, MIC, or MNIC. Body mass index (BMI) was associated only with MNIC, PG‐SGA with MC, and albumin <30 g/l was strongly associated with all types of morbidity (MC, MIC, MNIC). Multivariate analysis indicated that only albumin <30 g/l and an operating time of more than 4 h are significantly associated with morbidity.ConclusionsIn this study, the best nutritional factor for detecting the risk of MC is albumin levels below 30 g/l. A weight loss greater than 15% is required to obtain a statistically significant correlation with the existence of MC.
Overcoming Distance: Video‐Conferencing as a Clinical and Educational Tool Among Surgeons
Authors: Augestad Knut Magne , Lindsetmo Rolv Ole 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundSince the 1960s, there has been substantial development in the uses of video‐conferencing (VC) among medical personnel, including surgeons who have adopted the technology.MethodsA report on our own experience with VC was combined with a comprehensive PubMed search with the key words telepresence, video‐conferencing, video‐teleconferencing, telementoring and surgery, trauma, follow‐up, education, and multidisciplinary teams. A search through two peer‐reviewed telemedicine journals—Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare and Telemedicine and e‐Health Journal—and references of all included papers and identified additional reports was conducted.ResultsA total of 517 articles were identified with 51 relevant manuscripts, which included the key phrases. VC is widely used among surgeons for telementoring surgical procedures and in trauma and emergency medicine. Furthermore, VC is widely used by multidisciplinary teams and for the follow‐up of patients after surgery.ConclusionsVC is a common clinical tool for surgeons and provides a great opportunity to alter surgical practice and to offer patients the best expertise in surgical treatment despite long distances, especially in rural areas.
Youth Action Research for Prevention: A Multi‐level Intervention Designed to Increase Efficacy and Empowerment Among Urban Youth
Authors: Berg Marlene , Coman Emil , Schensul Jean J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractYouth Action Research for Prevention (YARP), a federally funded research and demonstration intervention, utilizes youth empowerment as the cornerstone of a multi‐level intervention designed to reduce and/or delay onset of drug and sex risk, while increasing individual and collective efficacy and educational expectations. The intervention, located in Hartford Connecticut, served 114 African‐Caribbean and Latino high school youth in a community education setting and a matched comparison group of 202 youth from 2001 to 2004. The strategy used in YARP begins with individuals, forges group identity and cohesion, trains youth as a group to use research to understand their community better (formative community ethnography), and then engages them in using the research for social action at multiple levels in community settings (policy, school‐based, parental etc.) Engagement in community activism has, in turn, an effect on individual and collective efficacy and individual behavioral change. This approach is unique insofar as it differs from multilevel interventions that create approaches to attack multiple levels simultaneously. We describe the YARP intervention and employ qualitative and quantitative data from the quasi‐experimental evaluation study design to assess the way in which the YARP approach empowered individual youth and groups of youth (youth networks) to engage in social action in their schools, communities and at the policy level, which in turn affected their attitudes and behaviors.