bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of potassium chloride on gastric acid secretion and gastrin release in humans
Authors: FELDMAN M. , GOLDSCHMIEDT M. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe effect of potassium chloride on gastric acid secretion and gastrin release was studied in 6 healthy human beings. On 3 separate days and in random order, subjects received an intragastric infusion of 0.5 L of a glucose‐saline solution to which had been added 40 mmol KCl, 40 mmol NaCl, or no additional salts. All test solutions stimulated acid secretion and gastrin release to a similar degree. While potassium ions play a critical role in acid secretion by parietal cells (via the H+, K+‐ATPase), KCl administered into the gastric lumen at a concentration of 80 mmol/L has no effect on acid secretion in man.
Co‐administration of misoprostol or ranitidine with indomethacin: effects on pharmacokinetics, abdominal symptoms and bowel habit
Authors: KENDALL M. J. , GIBSON R. , WALT R. P. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThis three‐way randomized crossover study in 18 healthy male volunteers compared the pharmacokinetics of 50 mg indomethacin b.d. during concomitant twice daily dosing with 400 μg misoprostol, 150 mg ranitidine or placebo. Plasma indomethacin concentrations were determined by HPLC assay of samples collected over 12 h after the first dose, and over 14 h after the last dose on Day 8 of each dosing period. A daily diary of bowel habits, and the occurrence and severity of abdominal symptoms, was kept by each subject throughout the study. Statistical comparisons were made by analysis of variance.In the presence of misoprostol there was a 13% decrease in the area under the plasma concentration‐time curve of indomethacin over one dosing interval on Day 1 (P < 0.01), and at steady state there was a 24% decrease in the maximum plasma concentration (P < 0.02). The pharmacokinetics of indomethacin were not affected by co‐administration of ranitidine. Accumulation of indomethacin after repeated oral dosing was not significantly altered by the co‐administration of either misoprostol or ranitidine. The frequency and severity of abdominal symptoms was significantly increased (P < 0.01) during misoprostol dosing, compared with either ranitidine or placebo plus indomethacin. When the dosing phase (Days 1–8) was compared with the washout phase (Days 9–15) in each period, misoprostol, but not ranitidine or placebo, plus indomethacin resulted in an increase (P < 0.001) in abdominal symptom severity, frequency of bowel motions and a decrease in faecal consistency.
Oral pharmacokinetics of cyclosporin in patients with primary biliary Cirrhosis and patients with skin diseases
Authors: BEUKERS R. , RAVE S. DE , BERG J. W. O. VAN DEN , SCHALM S. W. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe pharmacokinetics of cyclosporin after oral administration were studied in seven patients with non‐end stage primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) without previous cyclosporin treatment (Group I), a control group of nine patients with skin diseases (mainly psoriasis; Group II) and six patients with PBC after prolonged cyclosporin treatment (Group III). Whole blood concentrations of cyclosporin were measured using a nonspecific (N) radioimmunoassay (RIA) and — in a majority of the cases—also by a RIA specific (S) for the parent drug. No difference in cyclosporin absorption was observed between patients with PBC and those with a skin disease. The mean values for the area under the blood concentration‐time curve for the first 6 h after the test dose (AUC0‐6) and the maximal blood concentrations (Cmax) were significantly higher for Group I compared with Group II patients (P= 0.007 and 0.03, respectively), but the time to maximal blood concentrations (tc, max) did not differ. There was a trend toward higher mean AUC0‐6 (P= 0.08) and Cmax (P= 0.08) values for Group III compared with Group I patients. Tc, max values were not influenced by prolonged cyclosporin treatment. The ratio of cyclosporin whole blood concentrations measured by the non‐specific and specific RIA'S (N/S ratio) increased with time without obvious differences between the three groups. These data suggest that cyclosporin absorption and its biotransformation in the liver are not impaired in patients with non‐end stage PBC and that neither is affected by prolonged treatment.
Short report: comparison of the effects of sublingual nifedipine and isosorbide dinitrate on oesophageal emptying in patients with Chagasic achalasia
Authors: FIGUEIREDO M. C. A. , OLIVEIRA R. B. , IAZIGI N. , MATSUDA N. M. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe effects of sublingual nifedipine and isosorbide dinitrate on oesophageal emptying were compared in 11 patients with Chagasic achalasia. The oesophageal emptying of a radiolabelled test meal was assessed three times in each patient by a scintigraphic technique. No treatment preceded one of the studies (basal study). Nifedipine (20 mg) by the sublingual route 30 min before the meal, preceded one study. Isosorbide dinitrate, 5 mg by the sublingual route 5 min before the meal, preceded the third study. The order of the studies was allocated randomly for each patient. Oesophageal retention at the completion of the meal was significantly less (P < 0.01) after isosorbide dinitrate (median: 54%, range: 5–87%) than after sublingual nifedipine (median: 78%, range: 7–99%) or after the control study (median: 83%, range: 5–100%). This difference persisted up to 20 min after the meal. Values measured in the control study and after sublingual nifedipine were not different (P > 0.10).These results show that isosorbide dinitrate, but not sublingual nifedipine, enhances oesophageal emptying in Chagasic achalasia.
The effect of combined therapy with ranitidine and pirenzepine in the treatment of reflux oesophagitis
Authors: LONDONG W. , PHILLIPS J. , JOHNSON N. J. , WOOD J. R. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe combination of a histamine H2‐receptor antagonist and a muscarinic receptor antagonist has been reported to result in greater suppression of intragastric acidity than either agent alone. The present randomized, double‐blind, multicentre trial compared the effects of the oral combination of 150 mg ranitidine b.d. plus 50 mg pirenzepine b.d. with 150 mg ranitidine b.d. plus placebo pirenzepine b.d. in the treatment of patients with reflux oesophagitis. All 157 patients had symptoms of gastro‐oesophageal reflux with endoscopically confirmed oesophageal erosions (Savary and Miller grades I‐III). After four weeks of treatment, healing rates were 32/75 (43%) in the combined treatment group and 34/76 (45%) in the group receiving ranitidine alone. After eight weeks, the cumulative healing rates had increased to 48/72 (67%) and 51/75 (68%), respectively. More patients receiving ranitidine plus pirenzepine had complete relief of day‐ and night‐time heartburn after four weeks compared with those receiving ranitidine alone (day: 59% vs. 38%, P= 0.02; night: 69% vs. 52%, P= 0.04). After eight weeks, symptom relief was comparable in both groups. Clinical adverse effects were reported by nine patients receiving ranitidine and by 19 patients receiving the combination. It is concluded that combining ranitidine with pirenzepine does not aid the healing of reflux oesophagitis but does improve symptom relief at four weeks.
Review article: urease, gastric ammonium/ammonia, and Helicobacter pylori — the past, the present, and recommendations for future research
Authors: GRAHAM D. Y. , GO M. F. , EVANS D. J. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe presence of ammonium in gastric contents was described in 1852; urease activity in the stomach was identified 70 years later. The discovery of gastric urease resulted in intense research activity to discover its origin, function, and relation to the gastric levels of ammonium and urea. Interest in urease waned in the 1960s as most pertinent questions appeared to have been addressed and there was strong evidence that gastric urease was not a property of the stomach but was of microbial origin. Identification of Helicobacter pylori as the source of urease in the stomach in the last decade has resulted in a rebirth of interest in gastric urease and its products.1–15 There is little actual evidence to support a role for toxicity of ammonia in relation to H. pylori and the bulk of the evidence suggests that the products of urease activity are not toxic and may even be beneficial. The purpose of this review is to examine the older literature and to examine‐ new findings in the perspective of what is already known and to suggest areas remaining to be examined. We ask, ‘What is old, what is new, and what needs to be done?’
Effect of sumatriptan, a new selective 5HT1‐like agonist, on liquid gastric emptying in man
Authors: HOUGHTON L. A. , FOWLER P. , KEENE O. N. , READ N. W. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYPaired studies were carried out on 12 healthy male subjects to compare the effect of intravenous doses of the 5‐HT1‐like agonist sumatriptan (GR43175; 3 mg), 10 mg metoclopramide and saline control on the rate of gastric emptying of a radiolabelled liquid test‐meal. Intravenous administration of metoclopramide accelerated gastric emptying by decreasing the lag period, while intravenous administration of sumatriptan delayed gastric emptying by increasing the lag period. The observation that sumatriptan causes a delay in gastric emptying in normal healthy volunteers, but relieves nausea and vomiting during migraine attacks, suggests that sumatriptan may be acting via a central mechanism to relieve symptoms of nausea and vomiting associated with migraine.
Maintenance therapy in duodenal and gastric ulcer disease: survey of practice amongst British gastroenterologists
Authors: BOYD E. J. S. , PENSTON J. G. , WORMSLEY K. G. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYWe have used a postal questionnaire to obtain data on the practice of maintenance therapy for peptic ulcer disease by members of the British Society of Gastroenterology. Completed questionnaires were returned by 434 members. Ninety‐six per cent used maintenance therapy for patients with duodenal ulcer and 81 % for gastric ulcer. Maintenance therapy was considered to be safe (duodenal ulcer 91%; gastric ulcer 78%), acceptable to patients (duodenal ulcer gastric ulcer 89%; gastric ulcer 80%) and to reduce the incidence of ulcer complications (duodenal ulcer 81 %; gastric ulcer 68 %). There was consensus that increasing age of patient, current use of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, previous ulcer complications, and ulcer relapse after surgery were relatively strong indications for maintenance therapy. However, the proportion of patients who received maintenance therapy varied widely amongst respondents (from < 10% to > 50%). There was no agreement on the optimal duration of therapy, nor on management of patients who relapsed during maintenance therapy. It appears that the criteria for use of maintenance therapy need to be better defined, and that established knowledge about the practice of maintenance therapy should be better disseminated and acted upon.
Short report: omepmzole plus antibiotic combinations for the eradication of metronidazole‐resistant Helicobacter pylori
Authors: BELL G. D. , POWELL K. U. , BURRIDGE S. M. , SPENCER G. , BOLTON G. , PURSER K. , BROOKS S. , PROSSER S. , HARRISON G. , GANT P. W. , JONES P. H. , TROWELL J. E. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYTwenty‐eight Helicobacter pylori‐positive patients with metronidazole‐resistant isolates and 25 with metronidazole‐sensitive isolates were treated for 14 days with 40 mg omeprazole nocte plus 500 mg amoxycillin t.d.s. Eradication of H. pylori, defined as absence of the organism one month after cessation of treatment, was assessed using the [14C]urea breath test. The eradication rate in patients with metronidazole‐resistant isolates was 14/28 (50%) while that in patients was metronidazole‐sensitive isolates was 12/25 (48%). In contrast to these encouraging eradication rates, very poor results were obtained with a 7‐day course of omeprazole (40 mg nocte) in combination with erythromycin ethylsuccinate (500 mg q.d.s.) and tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate tablets (120 mg q.d.s.). The latter eradication rates were 3/20 (15%) in patients taking erythromycin tablets and 3/19 (16%) in those taking a liquid formulation of erythromycin. All treatment regimens were well tolerated and all patients completed the prescribed course of therapy.
Omeprazole is superior to ranitidine plus metoclopramide in the short‐term treatment of erosive oesophagitis
Authors: ROBINSON M. , DECKTOR D. L. , MATON P. N. , SABESIN S. , ROUFAIL W. , KOGUT D. , ROBERTS W. , McCULLOUGH A. , PARDOLL P. , SACO L. , RUSTGI V. , KOVACSHU T. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYHistamine H2‐receptor antagonists are moderately effective in symptomatic treatment and healing of erosive oesophagitis, but they are not as effective as the proton pump inhibitor omeprazole. In some studies prokinetic agents seem to increase the effectiveness of H2‐antagonists, but no study comparing the efficacy of omeprazole to H2‐antagonists plus prokinetic agents has been performed. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of 20 mg omeprazole daily with 150 mg ranitidine b.d.s. plus the prokinetic agent 10 mg metoclopramide q.d.s. in patients with erosive oesophagitis. After both 4 and 8 weeks of treatment, omeprazole healed the mucosa in significantly more patients than did ranitidine plus metoclopramide. Omeprazole also provided significantly greater relief from daytime heartburn, nighttime heartburn, and acid regurgitation, and was associated with decreased concomitant antacid use. Although the overall incidence of adverse events was similar in the two treatment groups, a significantly higher number of treatment‐related adverse events and more treatment‐related withdrawals from the study occurred in the ranitidine plus metoclopramide treatment group. Omeprazole is more effective and better tolerated than the combination of standard dose ranitidine plus metoclopramide for patients with erosive oesophagitis.
Review article: topical corticosteroids in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: MULDER C. J. J. , TYTGAT G. N. J. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYIt would be ideal to treat inflammatory bowel disease with topical corticosteroids that are either not absorbed through the mucosa, or have a substantial first‐pass hepatic metabolism. The topical use of hydrocortisone, prednisolone‐21‐phosphate or betamethasone is often associated with systemic side‐effects. Newer corticosteroid preparations (prednisolone metasulphobenzoate, tixocortol pivalate, fluticasone propionate, beclomethasone dipropionate and budesonide) are usually associated with minimal systemic corticosteroid activity. This article reviews the clinical activity and safety of these newer preparations.
Efficacy of long‐term therapy with low doses of omeprazole in the control of gastric acid secretion in Zollinger‐Ellison syndrome patients
Authors: CORLETO V. , ANNIBALE B. , D'AMBRA G. , SAGGIORO A. , FERRUA B. , CASSETTA M. R. , DELLE FAVE G. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThirteen patients with Zollinger‐Ellison syndrome were investigated: 8 without, and 5 with, previous gastric surgery. After 7–34 months of treatment with famotidine, 8 out of 13 patients were resistant to this drug. Omeprazole 60 mg/day was administered to these 8 patients; after one month, the dose was reduced to 40 mg/day, and after another month to 20 mg/day. Basal acid secretion was inhibited by every dose of omeprazole. The patients were then treated with a low dose (20 mg/day) of omeprazole for a longer period. Periodic clinical and endoscopic assessments, and measurement of basal acid secretion showed the efficacy of this low dose of omeprazole in our Zollinger‐Ellison syndrome patients. The drug was discontinued after 12–32 months of omeprazole treatment, and gastric acid recovery was evaluated. Four patients recovered 50% of their ‘initial basal acid secretion’ after 5 days, while two patients who had been treated with omeprazole for a longer time (30–32 months) recovered only 38 and 40%, respectively, of their ‘initial basal acid secretion’ at the tenth day. Our results indicate that the omeprazole dosage to be used in the treatment of Zollinger‐Ellison syndrome must be chosen principally on the basis of basal acid secretion determination. A low daily dose of omeprazole is able to control acid secretion in Zollinger‐Ellison syndrome for a long period (10–30 months). The slow recovery of gastric secretory function demonstrates the prolonged inhibitory effects of omeprazole.
Short report: effect of ranitidine on duodenal ulcer healing in patients with cirrhosis of the liver
Authors: LJUBIĆIĆ W. , BILIĆ A. , ROIĆ D. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe effect of ranitidine (300 mg daily) on the healing of acute duodenal ulcer was investigated in patients with and without cirrhosis of the liver. Of the 109 patients who entered the study, two patients from each group were excluded. Healing rates after 4 and 8 weeks were significantly different between patients with cirrhosis and controls (4‐ and 8‐week healing rates in cirrhotics and non‐cirrhotics: 49 and 69%, and 71 and 91%, respectively). This study demonstrates that duodenal ulcer healing is delayed in patients with cirrhosis.
Zinc supplementation restores plasma concentrations of zinc and thymulin in patients with Crohn's disease
Authors: BRIGNOLA C. , BELLOLI C. , DE SIMONE G. , EVANGELISTI A. , PARENTE R. , MANCINI R. , IANNONE P. , MOCHEGGIANI E. , FABRIS N. , MORINI M. C. , LICASTRO F. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe aim of this work was to evaluate whether oral supplementation with zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) could restore thymic endocrine function in patients with Crohn's disease who showed decreased plasma concentrations of zinc and active thymulin, a zinc‐dependent thymic hormone. Twenty‐seven patients in clinical remission were randomly assigned to receive, for 3 months, one of the following treatments: 60 mg/day ZnSO4; 200 mg/day ZnSO4 or placebo. Plasma thymulin activity and zinc concentrations significantly increased only in patients treated with 200 mg/day ZnSO4. Lymphocyte subpopulations, within the range of normality before zinc supplementation, were unaffected by any of the administered treatments. In conclusion, low plasma concentrations of zinc and thymulin in Crohn's disease patients were restored by the administration of high doses of zinc.
Effect of zinc therapy on natural killer cell activity in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: VAN DE WAL Y. , VEER A. VAN DER SLUYS , VERSPAGET H. W. , MULDER T. P. J. , GRIFFIOEN G. , VAN TOL E. A. F. , PEÑA A. S. , LAMERS C. B. H. W. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYDisturbances in zinc metabolism have been documented in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. In this study we evaluated the effect of in vivo treatment with zinc on the in vitro natural killer cell activity in thirteen inflammatory bowel disease patients, with stable disease and mild–moderate disease activity, in a double‐blind randomized cross‐over trial. The results of our study show a long‐lasting effect of in vivo zinc administration, which decreased peripheral blood natural killer cell activity in inflammatory bowel disease.
Barrett's oesophagus—cancer risk, biology and therapeutic management
Authors: FENNERTY M. B. , SAMPLINER R. E. , GAREWAL H. S. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYBarrett's oesophagus is receiving increasing scrutiny as the rates of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus rise. Because clinical features are not predictive of the presence of Barrett's oesophagus and most individuals with Barrett's oesophagus go undetected, a case can be made for surveillance endoscopy in patients with chronic reflux. Once Barrett's oesophagus is diagnosed patients should be entered into a surveillance programme despite lack of proof of efficacy. Scientific study of putative biological markers of increased risk has added dramatically to the understanding of the biology of the lesion, but currently the finding of high‐grade dysplasia remains the best marker predicting the presence of greatly increased risk of developing cancer. It is likely that newer molecular biology techniques will become clinically applicable biological markers in the future. Currently there is no effective medical nor surgical therapy to cause regression of the metaplastic Barrett's epithelium, however the application of novel de‐differentiating agents or ablation of the metaplastic epithelium while controlling oesophageal acid exposure and other environmental abnormalities offer hope that effective treatment of Barrett's oesophagus may someday be reality.
Relapse rate of patients after healing of oesophagitis—a prospective study of alginate as self‐care treatment for 6 months
Authors: POYNARD T. ,   French Co‐operative Study Group
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYIn order to estimate the rate of symptomatic relapse and to identify factors associated with this relapse, 1030 patients were included in a multicentre study. All patients included had clinically and endoscopically healed oesophagitis (grade I (erosion, 57%), grade II (confluent erosion, 33%) or grade III (circular erosion, 9%)) after treatment with an H2 blocker or omeprazole. Patients were given conservative advice and were told to take sodium alginate only in response to pain. Relapse was defined as pain justifying more than eight sodium alginate sachets over 48 hours or treatment with another drug, or the need for a new endoscopy. Forty risk factors were recorded initially and patients were seen every 2 months; they filled out diary‐cards describing symptoms and drug consumption. Data were available for 883 patients during follow up. The cumulative percentage of patients without relapse at 6 months estimated by Kaplan Meier method was 76 ± 2 % (mean ± S.E.M.). Among these patients without relapse, 95% took less than two sachets per day. Only two factors were identified as associated with relapse—the grade of oesophagitis (P < 0.007), and the occurrence of stress during follow‐up (P < 0.05). The percentage of patients free from relapse at six months was 85 ± 2% in patients with grade I oesophagitis, 69 ± 3% in patients with grade II, and 56 ± 6% in patients with grade III oesophagitis (P < 0.0001).