bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrabasic Pillow Lavas from Cyprus
Authors: Gass I. G. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSmall isolated masses of highly olivine-rich lavas within a dominantly basaltic series of pillowed flows have been found in the northern foothills of the Troodos Igneous Massif. The rock is characterized by abundant phyric olivine usually set in a glassy, basaltic groundmass. Both intrusive and extrusive varieties of the rock have been found. It is suggested that the rock originated as a melt, possibly from the Troodos ultrabasic complex. Comparison is made with the serpentine lavas of Turkey.
The Use of Magnetic Measurements for the Study of the Structure of Talus Slopes
Authors: McDougall Ian , Green Ronald 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBy means of measurements of the direction of magnetization, talus may be distinguished from rock which has remainedin situ. A criterion has been developed for the conditions under which the boundary between talus and rockin situcan be identified. This method is particularly useful when the upper portion of the rockin situis broken and weathered and it has been applied with success to a scarp in the dolerite of the Western Tiers in Tasmania. Here the results suggest that in the upper part of the talus the jointed blocks have definitely fallen into a sub-horizontal position, whereas at lower levels they are only slightly tilted.
Post-Palaeozoic Brachiopod Ecology: a Re-assessment
Authors: Elliott G. F. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractConsideration of the field occurrence of certain post-Palaeozoic brachioppds, and of published experimental work on the transport of brachiopod shells by water, leads to the conclusion that these fossils are often deceptive as evidence of former conditions at the places where they now occur fossil, due to shell-transport by marine currents after death.
The Insertion of Septa in the later Growth Stages of Clisiophyllid Corals
Authors: Coope G. R. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe major septa of clisiophyllid corals originate deep down in the calyx and grow upwards, fanning out towards both the axis and the periphery of the coral. The minor septa originate high up near the rim of the calyx and appear in pairs one septum being inserted on either side of each new major septum. The insertion of minor septa on both sides of a new major septum complicates the development of the subsequent major septum at the fossula.
The Interpretation of Flow-markings and Load-casts
Authors: Prentice J. E. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSome sedimentary structures commonly found at the base of beds of greywacke have been given a variety of names. It is suggested that the name flute-cast be used for scour-and-fill structures, which are shown to be oriented parallel to the direction of sediment movement. Superficially similar structures, described as flow-casts, are formed by movement of the greywacke during and after its deposition; study of their internal structure and their relations to ripple-direction shows them to be oriented at right angles to the current direction.
The Bigga House Basic Igneous Complex, New South Wales
Authors: Hasan Syed M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe complex described is composed of basic to ultrabasic rocks, ranging in composition from hornblendites, through meladiorites, to diorites. It is surrounded by the Bigga Granite, which has an intrusive relationship with the basic complex. The nomenclature of these rocks is discussed, and detailed petrographical descriptions, together with modal and chemical data, are given. It is suggested that the original rocks of this complex were probably of gabbroic composition, and that they subsequently assimilated and hybridized to give rise to the observed rock types.
A Unique Chert Nodule from the Hawes Limestone (Lower Carboniferous, D1) of Wensleydale, Yorkshire
Authors: Moore D. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA unique chert nodule, bowl-shaped, ten feet in diameter and three feet deep, with a mass of crystalline calcite in the bottom, occurs in the lower part of the Hawes Limestone at the base of the Yoredale Series. The overall peculiarities of the nodule require an origin after consolidation of the enclosing work.
The Paragenesis of the Varuträsk Pegmatite
Authors: Quensel Percy 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA preliminary report is presented on the paragenesis of the Varuträsk pegmatite, situated about 10 km. from Skellefteå, in Sweden. Three main stages can be distinguished (a) An epimagmatic-pegmatitoid stage during which the primary zonal development of the pegmatite body into border zone, wall zone, intermediate zones, and core was accomplished; (b) a hydrothermal replacement stage, divisible into a high temperature phase with a Li-replacement unit and a Cs-replacement unit, and a lower temperature phase with a cleavelandite replacement unit and a feebly developed fluorite unit (c) a final stage of supergene alteration. The age of the pegmatite lies between 1650 and 1800 million years.
A Tectonic Analysis of the Muness Phyllite Block of Unst and Uyea, Shetland
Authors: Flinn D. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe history of this block of low-grade metamorphic sediments begins with sedimentation, followed by strong deformation. Intrusion of spessartite dykes then took place, after which movement was resumed with deformation of the spessartites. Next followed jointing and the production of peculiar structures here called joint-drags. The final episode was one of block faulting, to which the formation of the Muness Phyllite Block itself as a graben is due.
The Miocene of Western India
Authors: Rao S. R. N. , Tewari B. S. , Mohan Krishna , Chatterji A. K. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMiocene foraminifera from the Surat-Broach and Kathiawar regions of Western India are recorded. The suggested correlation of Miocene beds of Western India, and the stratigraphical distribution of foraminifera common to W. India, Ceylon, Indonesia, and the Middle East is indicated in 2 Tables.
Banded Olivines in some Scottish Carboniferous Olivine-Basalts
Authors: Hamilton J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractLarge, individual olivine crystals exhibiting a banded structure are described from olivine-basalts from a number of localities in the Carboniferous lavas of the Midland Valley. This structure is of deformational nature and provides what seems to be a sound criterion for distinguishing between phenocrystic and xenocrystic olivine in olivine-basalts.
The Cenomanian Compound Coral, Aspidiscus cristatus (Lamarck), from Nezzazat, Western Sinai
Authors: Thomas H. Dighton , Omara S. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAspidiscus cristatus (Lamarck) is recorded from Western Sinai and a full description of the species is given. This includes the first recognition of the calicular pits in the coral, which is thus shown to be a compound form.
Structure and Form of Cheung Chau Island, Hong Kong
Authors: Berry Leonard , Ruxton Bryan P. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA study of Cheung Chau Island has revealed a close adjustment between the form of the island and the geological structure. The island is made up of dominant granite cut by granite-porphyry and dolerite dykes, which are affected by later faulting. A theory of progressive emergence is put forward for the denudation chronology of the area and the various forms related to the former submergence have been mapped. The relation of coastal and inland forms to structure is considered, and the evolution of the coast is outlined.
Evidence of Lava Formation in situ, South-West Uganda
Authors: Holmes Arthur 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAnnular mounds of clinkery lava encircling shallow depressions floored with similar lava were recently discovered by the late A. D. Combe in S.W. Uganda. From their morphological, petrographic, and chemical peculiarities, here described, it is inferred that they represent transfusion products of superficial tuff occupying the sites of unusually hot fumaroles. The dominant added materials are found to be iron oxides, TiO2, K2O, and P2O5. It is suggested that the P2O5, which is abnormally abundant, may have been derived from bone beds in the underlying Kaiso Series.
The Subspecies in Palaeontology
Authors: Sylvester-Bradley P. C. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe neontological concept of a species as a group of “unit populations” divided into geographical races or subspecies is applied to the palaeontological record, and the intrinsic similarities of geographical and chronological subspecies are discussed. It is concluded that the variety and the subspecies are different entities both of which have value in palaeontology. Quantitative measures of the level of specific and subspecific distinction are proposed.
Interambulacral Plate Atrophy in Lovenia woodsi (Etheridge Fil.)
Authors: Philip G. M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPlate atrophy (“plate crushing”) giving rise to interambulacral plates analogous to demi-plates immediately above the ambitus is described in the Miocene spatangoid Lovenia woodsi, from Beaumaris, Victoria. It appears to be caused by the development of large primary tubercles on the aboral surface, which causes the expansion of the lowest tubercle-bearing plates during ontogeny, so that the more ventral interambulacral plates are squeezed against the ambitus.
A Variety of Quartzite from Craig-choinnich Lodge, near Blair Atholl, Perthshire
Authors: Pantin H. M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAn unusual variety of quartzite is associated with Dalradian limestone and dark schist at two localities in Upper Glen Fender, near Blair Atholl. The appearance and texture of this quartzite suggest that it is derived from a chert or jasper, and not from a sandstone.
A Search for the Alleged Sinemurian in the Wadi Araba, Eastern Desert of Egypt
Authors: Arkell W. J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMarine Lower Lias, with Ammonites bucklandi and other fossils, was recorded in the Wadi Araba by Figari Bey in 1864. No one has since been able to find marine Lias in Egypt, but in 1915 Greco figured a Sinemurian faunule, including an Arnioceras, from the Figari Egyptian collections at Florence, and claimed that Figari's discovery was confirmed. A special search for the locality was made in 1951, without success. The paper reviews the evidence and records Carboniferous rocks and fossils that were found. Some general remarks are also made on the structure and origin of the Wadi Araba.
The Lamellibranch Genus Schizodus and Other Palaeozoic Myophoriidae
Authors: Cox L. R. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe paper records the characters of the genus Schizodus as defined by its type-species Axinus obscurus, and shows that King's reconstruction of the hinge-characters of Schizodus truncatus, regarded by him and many subsequent authors as the type-species, was inaccurate. The conclusion is reached that Protoschizodus de Koninck and the forgotten genus Prisconaia Conrad should be regarded as synonyms of Schizodus. A new generic name Eoschizodus is proposed for those smooth Myophoriidae of the Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian which differ from Schizodus in possessing the full number of hinge-teeth for the family, but which lack the conspicuous anterior myophorous buttresses of the Triassic Neoschizodus.
A New Eurypterid from the Ordovician of Montgomeryshire, Wales
Authors: Størmer Leif 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA description is given of a nearly complete specimen of a new Ordovician eurypterid genus belonging to the family Stylonuridae. The classification of the Eurypterida is discussed; two super-families and two new families are proposed and three new names substituted for pre-occupied generic names.
Slow Anti-Dunes and Flow Marks
Authors: Lamont Archie 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAntidune wavecrests preserved in mud by contemporaneous currents carrying silt are discussed with reference to some recent criticism. In turbidity currents, at slow rates of directional flow, turbulent eddies may be operative in keeping sediment in suspension. Torose structures and flow marks from the Gala-Tarannon of Southern Scotland are compared with structures probably eroded by turbulent currents in the Gronigel Flysch of the Pre-Alps.
Load-cast Structures: Their Relationship to Upper-Surface Structures and their Mode of Formation
Authors: Kelling G. , Walton E. K. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe form and distribution of load-casts suggests a genetic connection with structures previously formed on the upper surface of the underlying bed. On analogy with salt-dome development, the growth of load-casts and associated flame-structures is attributed to the density contrast between upper and lower bands and differential loading caused by the projections and depressions formed by the upper-surface features. This hypothesis is the basis of a new classification of load-cast structures.
An Isolated Occurrence of Igneous Rocks at Gorei in the Las Anod District of the Somaliland Protectorate
Authors: Mason J. E. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe quartz-syenite outcrop in the Las Anod District of the Somaliland Protectorate has been known for at least twenty-three years, but the true relationship between it and the overlying Cretaceous sediments has not been clearly resolved. Some geologists have said that the igneous rocks are overlain unconformably by the Cretaceous, whilst others have said that they intrude the Cretaceous. The present contribution brings forward field evidence to confirm the former view.
Types and figured specimens of Lower Palaeozoic Trilobites in the University Museum, Oxford
Authors: Edmonds James M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSeventy specimens of trilobites are listed and reference is made to the works in which they were figured and described. Many of them were originally hi private collections which have been deposited in the University Museum since the time of the publication. The specimens have been allotted numbers under a scheme of registration which it is intended should eventually incorporate the whole of the research and reference palaeontological collections under the care of the Professor of Geology at Oxford.
Ranikothalia in East and West Indies
Authors: Davies L. M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe author emphasizes the distinction of the marine Paleocene fauna of India from that of Europe, and its resemblance to that of the West Indies (Antilles). He suggests a marine connection between West and East Indies across North Africa, south of the Mediterranean region, in basal Tertiary times, before the Americas had drifted far from Europe and Africa.
Dyke Phenomena of the Dicq Rock, Jersey, C.I.
Authors: Casimir M. , Henson Frederick A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe granite of the Dicq Rock is traversed by several veins of fine grained aplogranite. These in turn are cut by a large dolerite dyke, which has been intruded into a brecciated fault zone within the granite. Three large blocks of granite occur within the dolerite; these originally formed the southern boundary of the fault. The petrography of these rocks, and the influence of the micro-breccia upon the textures found in the marginal and central part of the dolerite, are considered in detail.
On the Age of the Fauna of the Bugti Bone Beds, Baluchistan
Authors: Eames F. E. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe vertebrate fauna from the Bugti Bone Beds was at first assigned an Upper Nari age by Pilgrim. Later, he assigned them to the Gaj, on the basis of the identification of three species of Ostrea by Vredenburg. Regional field work carried out by members of the geological staff of the Burmah Oil Co., Ltd., showed that the beds really belonged to the Upper Nari after all. Re-examination shows that the identifications of the oysters cannot be upheld, and that there is no palaeontological evidence against the beds being of Upper Nari (Basal Miocene) age. It is therefore necessary to regard the vertebrate fauna as being of Upper Nari (Basal Miocene) age. A list of the species is given for purposes of reference.
The Study of Ammonites in Thin, Median Sections
Authors: Spath L. F. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDuring the preparation of the second part of the Catalogue of Ammonoidea of the Trias, several hundred thin median sections of ammonites were prepared and examined. Structural features of such sections are shown to have helped in the interpretation of Didymites, Lobites, and Paraganides, and some reference is made to characters of other genera, mainly Trachyceratida.
Metamorphism of the Trias in the Alps
Authors: Perrin R. , Roubault M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn a previous number of theGeological MagazineProfessor O. T. Jones questioned the existence of the metamorphism of the Trias in the autochthonous Alps. The authors give a reply stating accurately their observations. They also recall similar observations made by other authors.The assemblage of facts cited enables us to assert that this metamorphism exists. The problem is very complex indeed; but the fact that this metamorphism seems to be in contradiction to the classical theories about alpine orogenesis does not allow one to deny its reality. The authors maintain that the solution of the problem must be looked for in the new ideas on “fronts” of metamorphism.
The Fauna of the Rhaetic Beds in South Nottinghamshire
Authors: Johnson M. R. W. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe Rhaetic section at Newark is described and compared with sections further south. The Lower Rhaetic is locally sub-zoned by constant bone-bed horizons. In the south-west of the area a much richer fauna occurs and the zone-fossil Pteria contorta appears lower in the succession. The explanation offered is that a lagoon phase existed in the more northerly district.
The Age and Origin of the Red Sea Graben
Authors: Tromp S. W. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA brief summary is given of the origin and geological history of the Red Sea Graben area, based on personal observations in Egypt during the periods 1937–1940 and 1947–9. The author is inclined to believe that the graben zone was formed in its initial stages at the end of the L. Eocene; the movements continued at least till Pleistocene times. The mechanism of the graben is explained as a combination of regional shearing faults together with regional updoming followed by stretch-faulting.
The Distribution of Trace Elements in a Scottish Permo-Carboniferous Teschenite and its Lugaritic Differentiate
Authors: Patterson Edward M. 
Published: May 2009

INTRODUCTIONIn a recent description of a composite teschenite-picrite sill at Saltcoats in Ayrshire (Patterson, 1945), mention was made of a potash-rich variety of lugarite which occurs as a differentiate of biotite-teschenite. The latter rock was emplaced at an intermediate stage in the intrusion cycle of the sill, being preceded by a flow-banded teschenite and followed by hornblende-picrite. Differentiation of the biotite-teschenite took place in situ and had proceeded to a considerable extent before the picrite was intruded along the middle portion of the former rock, splitting it into an upper and a lower layer. Richness in volatile constituents was a characteristic of the biotite-teschenite magma and facilitated the process of differentiation (Tomkeieff, 1937, p. 85; Smyth, 1913, p. 33). The separation of an alkali-rich fraction which resulted, is seen in the field by the appearance of pink analcitic patches or “blebs” in the teschenite at a distance of a foot or so from the margins. Further from the contacts, where cooling conditions were more gradual, these analcitic areas increase in size and frequently coalesce to form veins, which themselves intrude adjacent areas of biotite-teschenite. The veins are pink in colour, and contain varying amounts of conspicuous acicular crystals of barkevikite and titanaugite. Petrologically they are similar to the lugarites of the Scottish Permo-Carboniferous suite (Tyrrell, 1917). In chemical composition they also resemble the type lugarite, with the important exception that the Saltcoats rock is much richer in potash, although the sum of potash and soda is little different. A close analogy is provided by covite, from Magnet Cove in Arkansas (Washington, 1901). On account of the close relationship of the Saltcoats rock to the Scottish teschenites, it was preferred to name the rock potash-lugarite.
Notes on the Geology of the Lizard Peninsula: No. 2. The Primary Hornblende-schists and Gneisses (The Lizard Hornblende-schists)
Authors: Scrivenor J. B. 
Published: May 2009

Before proceeding further with these notes on the geology of The Lizard it will make matters clearer if the sequence of rocks is given as established by the Cornish and other geologists, but I have ventured to introduce modifications which will be explained later:—Youngest: Kennack granite.Kennack gneisses, consisting of doleritic and granitic components.
On certain Anthracomyas from the Similis-Pulchra Zone of the Coal Measures
Authors: Trueman A. E. 
Published: May 2009

SUMMARY(1) Reasons are given for believing that the holotype of Anthracomya adamsi Salter (the genotype of Anthracomya) has been correctly identified.(2) It is shown that the horizon of this presumed holotype is near the middle of the Similis-Pulchra Zone, and is near if not identical with the horizon of A. hindi Wright.(3) Anthracomya adamsi at that horizon has no close connection with A. modiolaris (from which it may, however, have been derived at a lower horizon). The distinction of these two forms is discussed, and it is suggested that among well preserved specimens only very occasional variants cause any difficulty in identification. The shells referred to A. adamsi. s. lat. by Weir and Leitch from the base of the Similis-Pulchra Zone (1936) are not considered in this paper.(4) The relations of A. adamsi, A. hindi and A. warei are briefly discussed: in view of the limited distribution of the various species it is thought best for the present to retain the three specific names.
The “Throw” of a Fault. With illustrations from the Aberystwyth Grits
Authors: Challinor John 
Published: May 2009

WHEN a bedding-surface is faulted, a large number of quantities, of more or less significance, may be considered.The elements involved are: (1) the fault-surface, (2) the net relative movement along it, (3) the bedding-surface, and (4) the surface of outcrop or measurement.
Notes on Graphical Methods of Recording the Dimensions of Ammonites
Authors: Waddington C. H. 
Published: May 2009

Summary(1) When the diameter of the umbilicus of an ammonite is plotted against the diameter of the whole shell, or the whorl-thickness plotted against the whorl-height, the curves obtained are very commonly straight lines for the greater part of their courses.(2) If, as is usually the case, these lines do not pass through the origin, the formula for the ammonite spiral is of the form r + c = eβθ and not r = eβθ.(3) If the straight lines do not pass through the origin, it is useless to express one dimension as a percentage of the other and compare these percentages in different shells.(4) There is no way of foreseeing, before the measurements are made, whether the dimensions of a species will plot accurately on a single curve or whether they will show a considerable amount of scatter. If, however, they do fall accurately on a single curve, this fact is an argument for the validity of the species, and the curve is a useful aid in the identification of other specimens.