bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Commonly Used Bactericidal Disinfectants At Kabale Regional Referral Hospital, Southwestern Uganda
Authors: Chrispuss Ngabirano , Kalyetsi Rodgers , Boaz Niwamanya , Morgan Otita , Filbert Nyeko. J. , Marion Namutebi Ann , Adrine Kansiime , Ampaire Lucas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background: Disinfection of hospital environmental surfaces reduces contamination, and consequently, contributes to reducing the occurrence of hospital acquired infections. The study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of the commonly used disinfectants (0.5% Jik, 70% alcohol and 20%v/v Chlorhexidine) at Kabale Regional Referral Hospital in southwestern Uganda.
Materials and Methods: This was a laboratory based quasi experimental study design involving use of different disinfectants. Hospital units (wards, theatre, and laboratory) that are used in handling of patients, patient’s samples and infectious agents were included in the study. Environmental (72) swabs were taken from selected hospital units before and after disinfection (144 swabs) and three disinfectants (0.5% Jik, 70%alcohol and 20%v/v Chlorhexidine) were studied. The swabs were then cultured for bacterial growth to determine the bacterial distribution. Bacterial counts were obtained by counting colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL). Quantitative suspension test method was used to determine the effectiveness of the disinfectants where logarithm reduction factor of the disinfectants was determined. Logarithm reduction factor of ≥ 5 indicated that 99.999% of the bacteria was killed. Data was presented in form of tables and figures obtained using Microsoft Excel (2013). Data was summarized as means (standard deviations) and percentages, using STATA software. To control the quality of culture media, Known Standard bacterial strains; American Type Culture Collection (ATCCs) of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 15442), and E. coli (ATCC 25922) were used. Ethical approval was obtained from Research Ethics Committee of Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST-2021-106) and administration clearance from Kabale Regional Referral hospital
Results: Of the 72 environmental swabs from different sites before disinfection, 25/72 (34.7%) showed growth of bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus8/25(32%) was the most isolated bacteria while Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1/25(4%) and Enterococcus faecalis 1/25(4%) were the least isolated from the hospital units. Of the 8 hospital units swabbed before disinfection, 6/8 (75%) showed growth. Paediatric ward was the most contaminated Hospital unit with 7/25 (28%) of the bacteria isolated. All studied disinfectants showed log reduction factors of ≥ 5 at 3 minutes contact time with 70% alcohol, 20%v/v Chlorhexidine and 0.5% Jik showing log reduction factors of 6.7, 5.4 and 5.0 respectively.
Conclusion: All disinfectants studied showed effectiveness against bacteria isolated at contact time of ≥ 3 minutes, and 70% alcohol was the most effective disinfectant (log reduction factor of 6.7 at 3 minutes contact time.
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Transcriptional Signatures and Cell-Cell Communication in Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Li Muye , Peng Yueling , Pang Lin , Wang Lin , Li Junhong 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of vision loss in workingage
individuals worldwide. Cell-to-cell communication between retinal cells and retinal pigment
epithelial cells (RPEs) in DR is still unclear, so this study aimed to generate a single-cell atlas
and identify receptor‒ligand communication between retinal cells and RPEs.

Methods:
A mouse single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset was retrieved from the
GEO database (GSE178121) and was further analyzed with the R package Seurat. Cell cluster
annotation was performed to further analyze cell‒cell communication. The differentially expressed
genes (DEGs) in RPEs were explored through pathway enrichment analysis and the protein‒
protein interaction (PPI) network. Core genes in the PPI were verified by quantitative PCR
in ARPE-19 cells.

Results:
We observed an increased proportion of RPEs in STZ mice. Although some overall
intercellular communication pathways did not differ significantly in the STZ and control groups,
RPEs relayed significantly more signals in the STZ group. In addition, THBS1, ITGB1,
COL9A3, ITGB8, VTN, TIMP2, and FBN1 were found to be the core DEGs of the PPI network
in RPEs. qPCR results showed that the expression of ITGB1, COL9A3, ITGB8, VTN, TIMP2,
and FBN1 was higher and consistent with scRNA-seq results in ARPE-19 cells under hyperglycemic
conditions.

Conclusion:
Our study, for the first time, investigated how signals that RPEs relay to and from
other cells underly the progression of DR based on scRNA-seq. These signaling pathways and
hub genes may provide new insights into DR mechanisms and therapeutic targets.
Effect of Implementing an Informatization Case Management Model on the Management of Chronic Respiratory Diseases in a General Hospital: Retrospective Controlled Study
Authors: Xiao Yi-Zhen , Chen Xiao-Jia , Sun Xiao-Ling , Chen Huan , Luo Yu-Xia , Chen Yuan , Liang Ye-Mei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
The use of chronic disease information systems in hospitals and communities plays a significant role in disease prevention, control, and monitoring. However, there are several limitations to these systems, including that the platforms are generally isolated, the patient health information and medical resources are not effectively integrated, and the “Internet Plus Healthcare” technology model is not implemented throughout the patient consultation process.

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the application of a hospital case management information system in a general hospital in the context of chronic respiratory diseases as a model case.

Methods
A chronic disease management information system was developed for use in general hospitals based on internet technology, a chronic disease case management model, and an overall quality management model. Using this system, the case managers provided sophisticated inpatient, outpatient, and home medical services for patients with chronic respiratory diseases. Chronic respiratory disease case management quality indicators (number of managed cases, number of patients accepting routine follow-up services, follow-up visit rate, pulmonary function test rate, admission rate for acute exacerbations, chronic respiratory diseases knowledge awareness rate, and patient satisfaction) were evaluated before (2019‐2020) and after (2021‐2022) implementation of the chronic disease management information system.

Results
Before implementation of the chronic disease management information system, 1808 cases were managed in the general hospital, and an average of 603 (SD 137) people were provided with routine follow-up services. After use of the information system, 5868 cases were managed and 2056 (SD 211) patients were routinely followed-up, representing a significant increase of 3.2 and 3.4 times the respective values before use (U=342.779; P<.001). With respect to the quality of case management, compared to the indicators measured before use, the achievement rate of follow-up examination increased by 50.2%, the achievement rate of the pulmonary function test increased by 26.2%, the awareness rate of chronic respiratory disease knowledge increased by 20.1%, the retention rate increased by 16.3%, and the patient satisfaction rate increased by 9.6% (all P<.001), while the admission rate of acute exacerbation decreased by 42.4% (P<.001) after use of the chronic disease management information system.

Conclusions
Use of a chronic disease management information system improves the quality of chronic respiratory disease case management and reduces the admission rate of patients owing to acute exacerbations of their diseases.
Validation of Noninvasive Detection of Hyperkalemia by Artificial Intelligence–Enhanced Electrocardiography in High Acuity Settings
Authors: Harmon David M. , Liu Kan , Dugan Jennifer , Jentzer Jacob C. , Attia Zachi I. , Friedman Paul A. , Dillon John J. 
Published: June 2024

Key Points

Measuring blood potassium has always required access to blood. The surface electrocardiogram, analyzed using an artificial intelligence algorithm, can detect hyperkalemia bloodlessly.The artificial intelligence-analyzed electrocardiogram exhibited a high negative predictive value but substantially lower positive predictive value.

Background
Artificial intelligence (AI) electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis can enable detection of hyperkalemia. In this validation, we assessed the algorithm's performance in two high acuity settings.

Methods
An emergency department (ED) cohort (February to August 2021) and a mixed intensive care unit (ICU) cohort (August 2017 to February 2018) were identified and analyzed separately. For each group, pairs of laboratory-collected potassium and 12 lead ECGs obtained within 4 hours of each other were identified. The previously developed AI ECG algorithm was subsequently applied to leads 1 and 2 of the 12 lead ECGs to screen for hyperkalemia (potassium >6.0 mEq/L).

Results
The ED cohort (N=40,128) had a mean age of 60 years, 48% were male, and 1% (N=351) had hyperkalemia. The area under the curve (AUC) of the AI-enhanced ECG (AI-ECG) to detect hyperkalemia was 0.88, with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of 80%, 80%, 3%, 99.8%, and 4.0, respectively, in the ED cohort. Low-eGFR (<30 ml/min) subanalysis yielded AUC, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and LR+ of 0.83, 86%, 60%, 15%, 98%, and 2.2, respectively, in the ED cohort. The ICU cohort (N=2636) had a mean age of 65 years, 60% were male, and 3% (N=87) had hyperkalemia. The AUC for the AI-ECG was 0.88 and yielded sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and LR+ of 82%, 82%, 14%, 99%, and 4.6, respectively in the ICU cohort. Low-eGFR subanalysis yielded AUC, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and LR+ of 0.85, 88%, 67%, 29%, 97%, and 2.7, respectively in the ICU cohort.

Conclusions
The AI-ECG algorithm demonstrated a high NPV, suggesting that it is useful for ruling out hyperkalemia, but a low PPV, suggesting that it is insufficient for treating hyperkalemia.
Glucose Load Following Prolonged Fasting Increases Oxidative Stress– Linked Response in Individuals With Diabetic Complications
Authors: von Rauchhaupt Ekaterina , Rodemer Claus , Kliemank Elisabeth , Bulkescher Ruben , Campos Marta , Kopf Stefan , Fleming Thomas , Herzig Stephan , Nawroth Peter P. , Szendroedi Julia , Zemva Johanna , Sulaj Alba 
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVE
Prolonged catabolic states in type 2 diabetes (T2D), exacerbated by excess substrate flux and hyperglycemia, can challenge metabolic flexibility and antioxidative capacity. We investigated cellular responses to glucose load after prolonged fasting in T2D.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Glucose-tolerant individuals (CON, n = 10) and individuals with T2D with (T2D+, n = 10) and without (T2D−, n = 10) diabetes complications underwent oral glucose tolerance test before and after a 5-day fasting-mimicking diet. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) resistance to ex vivo dicarbonyl methylglyoxal (MG) exposure after glucose load was assessed. Markers of dicarbonyl detoxification, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial biogenesis were analyzed by quantitative PCR, with mitochondrial complex protein expression assessed by Western blotting.

RESULTS
T2D+ exhibited decreased PBMC resistance against MG, while T2D− resistance remained unchanged, and CON improved postglucose load and fasting (−19.0% vs. −1.7% vs. 12.6%; all P = 0.017). T2D+ showed increased expression in dicarbonyl detoxification (mRNA glyoxalase-1, all P = 0.039), oxidative stress (mRNA glutathione-disulfide-reductase, all P = 0.006), and mitochondrial complex V protein (all P = 0.004) compared with T2D− and CON postglucose load and fasting. Citrate synthase activity remained unchanged, indicating no change in mitochondrial number. Mitochondrial biogenesis increased in T2D− compared with CON postglucose load and fasting (mRNA HspA9, P = 0.032). T2D−, compared with CON, exhibited increased oxidative stress postfasting, but not postglucose load, with increased mRNA expression in antioxidant defenses (mRNA forkhead box O4, P = 0.036, and glutathione-peroxidase-2, P = 0.034), and compared with T2D+ (glutathione-peroxidase-2, P = 0.04).

CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest increased susceptibility to glucose-induced oxidative stress in individuals with diabetes complications after prolonged fasting and might help in diet interventions for diabetes management.
Flashbulb Memories: Photo-Documents from Personal Collections in the Context of Visual Culture Review of “Divnaya pamyat' o bylom”. Fotografii iz lichnykh fondov Gosudarstvennogo arkhiva Permskogo kraya: fotoal'bom [“Marvellous memory of the past.” Photographs from the personal collections of the state archive of Perm Krai: А photo album], edited by Yu.A. Kashaeva (Perm: Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Permskogo kraya, 2022)
Authors: Суржикова Н.В. 
Published: June 2024

Публикация посвящена изданию, основанному на фотодокументах из личных фондов, хранящихся в Государственном архиве Пермского края. Акцент при этом сделан не столько на раскрытии содержания ретроспективного сборника документов, сколько на его смыслах и (на)значениях, задаваемых актуальными дискуссиями о визуальной политике, визуальных практиках и визуальной культуре второй половины XIX – конца XX веков. Подчеркивается, что настоящее издание является одним из важных шагов на пути к открытию и изучению «заповедных» материалов различных фотодокументальных собраний, а вместе с ними – и новых страниц памяти о былом.
The paper reviews the publication that is based on photographic documents from personal collections stored in the State Archive of Perm Krai. The emphasis is placed not so much on the contents of the retrospective collection of documents as on its meaning and purpose that are being set by the current discussions on visual policy, visual practices, and visual culture of the second half of the 19th – late 20th centuries. It is stressed that this publication is an important step towards the discovery and study of “reserved” materials from various photo-documentary collections and, together with them, new pages in the memory of the past.
History and Anti-History of the Partisan Movement in the East of Russia: Reflections on the Book Review of Krasnye partizany na vostoke Rossii. 1918–1922: deviatsii, anarkhiya i terror [Red partisans in the east of Russia. 1918–1922: Deviations, anarchy and terror], by A.G. Teplyakov (Moscow: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2023)
Authors: Голдин В.И. 
Published: June 2024

В статье содержится критический анализ книги новосибирского историка А.Г. Теплякова, посвященной красному партизанскому движению на востоке России, в Сибири и на Дальнем Востоке в годы Гражданской войны. Представлены общие тенденции освещения этой темы в советский и постсоветский периоды. Характеризуется позиция автора книги и его видение темы, методология и понятийно-терминологический аппарат исследования, историография и источниковая база, рассматриваются основные проблемы, поднятые на страницах книги. Анализируются выводы, представленные в заключительной части работы. Характеризуются роль и место этого исследования в изучении истории партизанского движения на востоке России в годы Гражданской войны, дается общая оценка этого социально-политического явления, указываются перспективы его дальнейшей научной разработки в рамках региональной и общероссийской истории.
The review contains a critical analysis of the book by Novosibirsk historian A. Teplyakov devoted to the partisan movement in eastern Russia, Siberia, and the Far East during the Russian Civil War. General tendencies of covering this topic during the Soviet and post-Soviet periods are described. Attention is given to the author’s point of view and his perception of the topic, methodology, concepts and nomenclature of the research, its historiography and source base, and the main problems tackled in the book. The reviewer analyzes the conclusions drawn in the final part of the book, sheds light on the role and significance of this research in the study of the partisan movement history in eastern Russia during the Civil War, gives an overall assessment of this socio-political phenomenon, and indicates the prospects of its further elaboration within the framework of regional and all-Russian history.
Hvordan kan vi dokumentere økt didaktisk forståelse og pedagogisk utvikling blant undervisere i høyere utdanning?
Authors: Eriksen Stig , Nordkvelle Yngve Troye , Strøm Bjarne w. 
Published: June 2024

Artikkelen ønsker å belyse og drøfte verdien av skolering i universitets- og høgskolepedagogikk. En litteraturanalyse viser varierte effekter av slik opplæring og skolering, og at forskningen på feltet fortsatt har noen utfordrende oppgaver. I en epoke der krav om entydig evidens blir sett på som standard, forsøker vår studie å vise hvordan en undersøkelse utført i 2018 kan bygge på en fruktbar forskningsstrategi. Studien viser at deltakerne rapporterer et mer bevisst forhold til egen undervisningsstil, og hvordan de veileder og vurderer studentarbeider. Et viktig funn er også at deltakelse på kurset er med på å utvikle et mer omfattende og kyndig vokabular om undervisning og styrker et potensial for organisasjonslæring ved at deltakerne utvikler et nettverk med kolleger. Et mer dystert funn er at den organisasjonsmessige lærings- og endringseffekten er mindre enn ønsket. Det bør følges opp av et sterkere fokus på det å gjøre organisasjonene til lærende enheter der satsing på økt kvalitet i utdanningsledelse kan være en nøkkelfaktor. Å sette av «nok tid» til erfaringsdeling ved å etablere en delingskultur hvor taus kunnskap blir gjort eksplisitt, kan være en større investering enn mange innser i en hektisk yrkeshverdag.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
How Can We Document Increased Didactic Understanding and Pedagogical Development Amongst Teachers in Higher Eduction?
This article tries to bring substance to a claim that it is useful and profitable for higher education institutions to train their teaching staff in the art and craft of teaching. An analysis of the established research literature tells us that the challenges of measuring and estimating the effect is a cumbersome endeavour. In the era of evidence as a notion stemming from medical research, which is understood as the gold standard of research, this research is based on a modified longitudinal strategy. The study argues that the findings are consistent over years that participants in courses on teaching and learning in higher education affect them significantly in terms of how they teach, supervise and assess students’ achievements. They also develop more of a professional vocabulary about educational matters, they meet colleagues and establish network they find helpful and stimulating for their reflection about educational choices and results. A more somber finding is that candidates returning to their units with enthusiasm and urge to change are most often met with neglect and disinterest. This poses serious challenges to pedagogical leadership in Higher Education and the aim of developing a learning organisation.
Using accelerometers to identify a high risk of catastrophic musculoskeletal injury in three racing Thoroughbreds
Authors: Sweeney Denise Mc , Holmström Mikael , Donohue Kevin D. , Lambert David H. , Bayly Warwick M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To describe the process whereby the screening of racing Thoroughbreds with accelerometer-based inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors followed by clinical evaluation and advanced imaging identified potentially catastrophic musculoskeletal injuries in 3 horses.

ANIMALS
3 Thoroughbred racehorses.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION
All cases demonstrated an abnormal stride pattern either during racing (cases 1 and 2) or while breezing (case 3) and were identified as being at very high risk of catastrophic musculoskeletal injury by an algorithm derived from IMU sensor files from > 20,000 horses’ race starts. Veterinary examination and 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) positron emission tomography were performed within 10 days of the respective race or breeze in each of the cases.

RESULTS
The intensity and location of the 18F-NaF uptake in the condyles of the third metacarpal bone in cases 1 and 2 identified them as at potential increased risk of condylar fracture. The pattern and intensity of the 18F-NaF uptake in case 3 indicated that the third carpal bone was likely responsible for the horse’s lameness, with an impending slab fracture subsequently identified on radiographs. Following periods of convalescence, cases 1 and 2 returned to racing and were identified by the sensor system as no longer being at high risk of catastrophic musculoskeletal injury. Case 3 returned to training but has yet to return to racing.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
When worn by Thoroughbreds while racing or breezing, these IMU sensors can identify horses at high risk of catastrophic musculoskeletal injury, allowing for veterinary intervention and the potential avoidance of such injuries.
Myxomatous mitral valve disease in Labrador Retrievers and Golden Retrievers
Authors: Wilson Bailey A. , Wesselowski Sonya 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To characterize myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) in Labrador Retrievers (LRs) and Golden Retrievers (GRs).

METHODS
52 LRs and 20 GRs diagnosed with MMVD composed a retrospective study sample (February 1, 2010, to July 31, 2021). Stored echocardiograms were remeasured. Dogs were staged by 2019 MMVD consensus guidelines.

RESULTS
Mean age was 9.9 years in LRs and 9.5 years in GRs, with 31 of 52 LRs (59.6%) and 13 of 20 (65.0%) GRs being male. Forty-six LRs were stage B1 (88.5%), 3 were B2 (5.8%), and 3 were C (5.8%). Fourteen GRs were stage B1 (70.0%), 2 were B2 (10.0%), and 4 were C (20.0%). Of LRs and GRs in stage B2/C, 50% had systolic dysfunction. Atrial fibrillation (AF) and ventricular arrhythmias were identified in 2 of 52 (3.8%) and 10 of 52 (19.2%) LRs at initial diagnosis versus 3 of 20 (15.0%) and 3 of 20 (15.0%) GRs, respectively. All 5 AF dogs were stage C, with intermediate to high probability of pulmonary hypertension. Two additional GRs developed AF during follow-up; thus 5 of 6 (83.3%) stage B2/C GRs ultimately experienced AF. Subjective mitral valve thickening was frequent in both breeds (41/52 LRs [78.8%]; 18/20 GRs [90.0%]), while mitral valve prolapse was more common in LRs (22/52 [42.3%]) than GRs (5/20 [25.0%]).

Conclusions
In LRs and GRs, MMVD was relatively late onset, with males overrepresented. Both breeds exhibited mitral valve thickening in association with MMVD, while LRs more commonly exhibited mitral valve prolapse.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
While most LRs and GRs with MMVD were stage B1, those in stage B2/C had increased prevalence of systolic dysfunction and AF.
The Impact of Fiscal Councils on Public Perception: A Survey Experiment in the Czech Republic
Authors: Morda Pavel , Zeman Martin , Klement Josef 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study examines the influence of fiscal councils on public opinion regarding fiscal issues. Using a survey-framing experiment on a representative sample of 900 inhabitants of the Czech Republic, the study evaluates how the framing of a message regarding the negative effects of rising government debt would impact the attitudes of respondents. The results show that framing the message as coming from the Czech Fiscal Council does not increase its credibility. Fiscal councils should not focus on persuading the public of their viewpoint on public finance issues, but rather utilize the knowledge of agenda-setting theory to gain media attention for fiscal issues.