bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Material Engineering Strategies for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Catalysts
Authors: Luo Yue , Zhang Yulong , Zhu Jiayi , Tian Xingpeng , Liu Gang , Feng Zhiming , Pan Liwen , Liu Xinhua , Han Ning , Tan Rui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWater electrolysis, a key enabler of hydrogen energy production, presents significant potential as a strategy for achieving net‐zero emissions. However, the widespread deployment of water electrolysis is currently limited by the high‐cost and scarce noble metal electrocatalysts in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Given this challenge, design and synthesis of cost‐effective and high‐performance alternative catalysts have become a research focus, which necessitates insightful understandings of HER fundamentals and material engineering strategies. Distinct from typical reviews that concentrate only on the summary of recent catalyst materials, this review article shifts focus to material engineering strategies for developing efficient HER catalysts. In‐depth analysis of key material design approaches for HER catalysts, such as doping, vacancy defect creation, phase engineering, and metal‐support engineering, are illustrated along with typical research cases. A special emphasis is placed on designing noble metal‐free catalysts with a brief discussion on recent advancements in electrocatalytic water‐splitting technology. The article also delves into important descriptors, reliable evaluation parameters and characterization techniques, aiming to link the fundamental mechanisms of HER with its catalytic performance. In conclusion, it explores future trends in HER catalysts by integrating theoretical, experimental and industrial perspectives, while acknowledging the challenges that remain.
Mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete specimens exposed to fire retrofitted with glass and basalt fiber reinforced polymer laminates
Authors: Patchirajan Ulagambika , Madasamy Murugan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractExposure of concrete to elevated temperature affects its mechanical and physical properties. One of the important reasons for the use of fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials is because of its superior mechanical properties. These mechanical properties include impact resistance, strength, stiffness, flexibility, and also it is enhanced ability to carry loads. The high strength–weight ratio, and corrosion resistance of FRPs made them suitable for repair. For strengthening and retrofitting of concrete structures confinement with FRP has received considerable attention in recent years. Geopolymer concrete (GPC) can be expressed as “concrete without cement.” GPC is environmentally friendly and an inventive way to replace the conservative concrete which contributes 7%–8% of total CO2 production in the world. “The concrete which entails of the source materials and the alkaline solution.” The composite material made of fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) has recently gained attention as a potential repair method for concrete structures that have been damaged. This study investigates the performance of glass and basalt fiber‐reinforced polymer (GFRP and BFRP) laminates as a retrofit solution for fire‐damaged GPC specimens. The specimens were subjected to temperatures of 200°C, 400°C, 600°C, and 800°C for a period of 1, 2, and 3 h, followed by retrofitting with FRP laminates. The results indicated an increase in the ultimate load‐carrying capacity of GPC specimens when subjected to 200°C for 1 h, beyond which it decreased. However, a fall in ultimate load capacity was observed for higher ranges of temperature and duration of the fire. In this project, geopolymer specimens that had been damaged by fire are wrapped with GFRP and BFRP laminates to study the effect of confinement on the strength of GPC specimens. The fiber laminate used was bi‐directional glass and bi‐directional basalt. Based on the analysis of test data, there was the conclusion that the fire‐damaged GPC was strengthened when retrofitted with GFRP and BFRP laminates was attainable.
Assessment and strengthening of grandstand of horse racecourse in Budapest—A national monument
Authors: Koris Kálmán , Bódi István 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe racecourse “Kerepesi Ügető” in Budapest was closed in 2000, and all of its buildings were demolished except for the Class II Grandstand, which had been declared a national monument earlier. Our task was to perform a comprehensive static investigation of this grandstand and to develop a methodology for structural strengthening in order to preserve this monument for future generations. Investigations included in situ measurements, laboratory material tests, and finite‐element analysis of the structure. According to the results of static calculations, the method of strengthening was proposed, which included the injection of cracks, integration of new structural elements, application of concrete jacketing, and bonded carbon‐fiber‐reinforced polymer sheets. The applied strengthening and renovation method extended the lifespan of the grandstand by 50 years.
Climate Variability and Climate Change: Past and Future
Authors: Gao Xuejie , Duan Qingyun , Ou Tinghai , Fu Yuanhai , Fan Xuewei , Liu Zhu , Miao Chiyuan , Shen Chenwei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe LMRB (LMRB) has experienced significant climate change, particularly over the last 50 years. An increase in the annual precipitation but with significant seasonal differences in the changes, and a remarkable warming are observed over the Basin. The region also experienced more frequent extreme events, such as an increase in extreme precipitation, as well as hot days and warm nights, a decrease in cold days and cold nights, and a more frequent occurrence of droughts. The future climate over the Basin is projected to be continuous warming, which is most significant by the end of the twenty-first century. A general wetting is projected over the region with the spatial pattern of the projected annual total precipitation change show consistencies with the present day condition. Differences are found between the global and regional climate model projections in the precipitation, indicating the uncertainties existing in the projections, and also the importance of the model resolution in projecting future climate.
Analysis of final state lepton polarization-dependent observables in H → ℓ+ℓ−γ in the SM at loop level
Authors: Ahmed Ishtiaq , Hasan Usman , Iqbal Shahin , Junaid M. , Tariq Bilal , Uzair A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Recently, the CMS and ATLAS collaborations have announced the results for H → Z[→ ℓ+ℓ−]γ with ℓ = e or μ [1, 2], where H → Zγ is a sub-process of H → ℓ+ℓ−γ. This semi-leptonic Higgs decay gets both resonant and non-resonant contributions from the loop-induced H → Z[→ ℓ+ℓ−]γ. To probe further features coming from these contributions to H → ℓ+ℓ−γ, we argue that the polarization of the final state leptons is also an important parameter. We show that the interference of resonant and non-resonant contributions, which is negligible in the case of unpolarized leptons, plays a significant role when considering the polarization of the final state lepton. For this purpose, we have calculated the polarized decay rates and the longitudinal (PL), normal (PN), and transverse (PT) polarization asymmetries. We find that these asymmetries purely come from the loop contributions and are helpful to further investigate the resonant and non-resonant nature of H → Z[→ ℓ+ℓ−]γ decay. We observe that for ℓ = e, μ, the longitudinal decay rate is highly suppressed around mℓℓ ≈ 60 GeV when the final lepton spin is $$ -\frac{1}{2} $$
−

1
2

, dramatically increasing the corresponding lepton polarization asymmetries. Furthermore, we analyze another observable, the ratio of decay rates $$ {R}_{i\pm}^{{\mathcal{ll}}^{\prime }} $$

R

i
±

ll
′

, where ℓ and ℓ′ refer to different final state lepton generations. Precise measurements of these observables at the HL-LHC and the planned e+e− collider can provide fertile ground to test not only the SM but also to examine the signatures of possible NP beyond the SM.
Membrane-bound chemoreception of bitter bile acids and peptides is mediated by the same subset of bitter taste receptors
Authors: Schaefer Silvia , Ziegler Florian , Lang Tatjana , Steuer Alexandra , Di Pizio Antonella , Behrens Maik 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe vertebrate sense of taste allows rapid assessment of the nutritional quality and potential presence of harmful substances prior to ingestion. Among the five basic taste qualities, salty, sour, sweet, umami, and bitter, bitterness is associated with the presence of putative toxic substances and elicits rejection behaviors in a wide range of animals including humans. However, not all bitter substances are harmful, some are thought to be health-beneficial and nutritious. Among those compound classes that elicit a bitter taste although being non-toxic and partly even essential for humans are bitter peptides and l-amino acids. Using functional heterologous expression assays, we observed that the 5 dominant human bitter taste receptors responsive to bitter peptides and amino acids are activated by bile acids, which are notorious for their extreme bitterness. We further demonstrate that the cross-reactivity of bitter taste receptors for these two different compound classes is evolutionary conserved and can be traced back to the amphibian lineage. Moreover, we show that the cross-detection by some receptors relies on “structural mimicry” between the very bitter peptide l-Trp-Trp-Trp and bile acids, whereas other receptors exhibit a phylogenetic conservation of this trait. As some bile acid-sensitive bitter taste receptor genes fulfill dual-roles in gustatory and non-gustatory systems, we suggest that the phylogenetic conservation of the rather surprising cross-detection of the two substance classes could rely on a gene-sharing-like mechanism in which the non-gustatory function accounts for the bitter taste response to amino acids and peptides.
Linking Seismic Measurements to the International System of Units
Authors: Klaus Leonard , Schwardt Michaela , Pilger Christoph , Canu Adrien , Larsonnier Franck , Winther Jacob Holm , Tranchant Nicolas , Havreland Andreas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe current state of the art in the calibration of seismometers is given by internal calibration procedures which give only incomplete information about a seismometer’s response and are based on transfer functions supplied by manufacturers. Calibrations traceable to the International System of Units (SI) provide an independent and comprehensible characterization of seismometers. These calibrations take part in a laboratory using an electrodynamic shaker or shake table. To overcome the issue that seismometers placed in seismic stations are not supposed to be moved to a calibration laboratory, novel on-site calibration methods incorporating a reference seismometer were developed. Such a reference is placed near the sensor to be calibrated, and the transfer function of the seismometer under test can be derived based on the output of both sensors.
On the well-posedness of the Cauchy problem for the two-component peakon system in $$C^k\cap W^{k,1}$$
Authors: Karlsen K. H. , Rybalko Ya. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on the Cauchy problem associated with the two-component peakon system featuring a cubic nonlinearity, constrained to the class $$(m,n)\in C^{k}(\mathbb {R}) \cap W^{k,1}(\mathbb {R})$$

(
m
,
n
)

∈

C
k

(
R
)

∩

W

k
,
1

(
R
)

with $$k\in \mathbb {N}\cup \{0\}$$

k
∈
N
∪
{
0
}

. This system extends the celebrated Fokas–Olver–Rosenau–Qiao equation and the following nonlocal (two-place) counterpart proposed by Lou and Qiao: $$\begin{aligned} \partial _t m(t,x)= \partial _x[m(t,x)(u(t,x)-\partial _xu(t,x)) (u(-t,-x)+\partial _x(u(-t,-x)))], \end{aligned}$$

∂
t

m

(
t
,
x
)

=

∂
x

[
m

(
t
,
x
)

(
u

(
t
,
x
)

-

∂
x

u

(
t
,
x
)

)

(
u

(
-
t
,
-
x
)

+

∂
x

(
u

(
-
t
,
-
x
)

)

)

]

,

where $$m(t,x)=\left( 1-\partial _{x}^2\right) u(t,x)$$

m

(
t
,
x
)

=

1
-

∂

x

2

u

(
t
,
x
)

. Employing an approach based on Lagrangian coordinates, we establish the local existence, uniqueness, and Lipschitz continuity of the data-to-solution map in the class $$C^k\cap W^{k,1}$$

C
k

∩

W

k
,
1

. Moreover, we derive criteria for blow-up of the local solution in this class.
Reirradiation for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: prognostic radiomic factors at progression
Authors: Wawrzuta Dominik , Chojnacka Marzanna , Drogosiewicz Monika , Pędziwiatr Katarzyna , Dembowska-Bagińska Bożenna 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a lethal pediatric brain tumor. Radiation therapy (RT) is the standard treatment, with reirradiation considered in case of progression. However, the prognostic factors for reirradiation are not well understood. This study aims to investigate the outcomes of DIPG patients undergoing reirradiation and identify clinical and radiomic prognostic factors.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with DIPG who underwent reirradiation at our institution between January 2016 and December 2023. Using PyRadiomics, we extracted radiomic features of tumors at the time of progression from FLAIR MRI images and collected clinical data. We used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso) for Cox’s proportional hazard model with leave-one-out cross-validation to select optimal prognostic factors for survival after reirradiation.

Results
The study included 18 patients who underwent reirradiation at first progression, receiving a total dose of 20 Gy or 24 Gy in 2‑Gy fractions. Reirradiation was well tolerated, with no severe toxicity. Most patients (78%) showed neurological improvement after treatment. Median survival after progression was 29.2 weeks. The Cox model demonstrated a concordance of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.75–0.88), revealing that tumor sphericity and structural gray-level heterogeneity in FLAIR MRI images were associated with longer survival of reirradiated patients.

Conclusion
Reirradiation is a safe and effective approach for patients with DIPG. MRI-based radiomic models could be helpful in predicting survival after reirradiation.
Kompetenzentwicklung in der Medizininformatik-Initiative (MII) – Lehrangebote für einen souveränen und sicheren Umgang mit medizinischen Daten
Authors: Knaup-Gregori Petra , Boeker Martin , Kirsten Toralf , Krefting Dagmar , Schiller Erik , Schmücker Paul , Schüttler Christina , Seim Anne , Spreckelsen Cord , Winter Alfred 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungUm die Ziele der Medizininformatik-Initiative (MII) erreichen zu können, wird Personal mit Kompetenzen im Bereich der medizinischen Informatik und Datenwissenschaften benötigt. Um diese Kompetenzen zu fördern, wurden in jedem Konsortium Ausbildungsaktivitäten etabliert. Zudem wurden konsortiumübergreifende Aktivitäten etabliert. Dieser Artikel berichtet über die Konzepte, umgesetzte Programme und Erfahrungen. Es sind 51 neue Professuren und 10 neue Studienangebote eingerichtet worden: 1 Bachelor-, 6 konsekutive und 3 berufsbegleitende Masterstudiengänge. Die entwickelten Lern- und Fortbildungsangebote stehen standortübergreifend zur Verfügung. Darüber hinaus wurden Zertifizierungs- und Anerkennungsmöglichkeiten geschaffen.Die Lehrangebote richten sich an Zielgruppen mit fachlichem Hintergrund in Informatik, Medizin, Pflege, Bioinformatik, Biologie, Natur- und Datenwissenschaften. Zusatzqualifikationen für Ärzt*innen in Informatik und für Informatiker*innen in Medizin erweisen sich als besonders wichtig. Sie können zu einer höheren Qualität bei der Softwareentwicklung und einer besseren Unterstützung der Behandlungsprozesse durch Anwendungssysteme beitragen.In allen Konsortien waren digitale Lernmethoden wichtig. Sie bieten Flexibilität, um standortübergreifend und interprofessionell auszubilden. So können ein Lernen in individuellem Tempo und ein Austausch unter Berufsgruppen erreicht werden. Der Erfolg der MII hängt wesentlich von der gesellschaftlichen Akzeptanz der Mehrfachnutzung medizinischer Daten in Versorgung und Forschung ab. Die dafür erforderlichen Informationen werden durch die Öffentlichkeitsarbeit der MII bereitgestellt. In der Gesellschaft besteht ein enormer Bedarf an Kompetenz im Umgang mit medizinischen Daten und digitalen Werkzeugen.
FAIRe Gesundheitsdaten im nationalen und internationalen Datenraum
Authors: Waltemath Dagmar , Beyan Oya , Crameri Katrin , Dedié Angela , Gierend Kerstin , Gröber Petra , Inau Esther Thea , Michaelis Lea , Reinecke Ines , Sedlmayr Martin , Thun Sylvia , Krefting Dagmar 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungGesundheitsdaten haben in der heutigen datenorientierten Welt einen hohen Stellenwert. Durch automatisierte Verarbeitung können z. B. Prozesse im Gesundheitswesen optimiert und klinische Entscheidungen unterstützt werden. Dabei sind Aussagekraft, Qualität und Vertrauenswürdigkeit der Daten wichtig. Nur so kann garantiert werden, dass die Daten sinnvoll nachgenutzt werden können.Konkrete Anforderungen an die Beschreibung und Kodierung von Daten werden in den FAIR-Prinzipien beschrieben. Verschiedene nationale Forschungsverbünde und Infrastrukturprojekte im Gesundheitswesen haben sich bereits klar zu den FAIR-Prinzipien positioniert: Sowohl die Infrastrukturen der Medizininformatik-Initiative als auch des Netzwerks Universitätsmedizin operieren explizit auf Basis der FAIR-Prinzipien, ebenso die Nationale Forschungsdateninfrastruktur für personenbezogene Gesundheitsdaten oder das Deutsche Zentrum für Diabetesforschung.Um eine FAIRe Ressource bereitzustellen, sollte zuerst in einem Assessment der FAIRness-Grad festgestellt werden und danach die Priorisierung für Verbesserungsschritte erfolgen (FAIRification). Seit 2016 wurden zahlreiche Werkzeuge und Richtlinien für beide Schritte entwickelt, basierend auf den unterschiedlichen, domänenspezifischen Interpretationen der FAIR-Prinzipien.Auch die europäischen Nachbarländer haben in die Entwicklung eines nationalen Rahmens für semantische Interoperabilität im Kontext der FAIR-Prinzipien investiert. So wurden Konzepte für eine umfassende Datenanreicherung entwickelt, um die Datenanalyse beispielsweise im Europäischen Gesundheitsdatenraum oder über das Netzwerk der Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics zu vereinfachen. In Kooperation mit internationalen Projekten, wie z. B. der European Open Science Cloud, wurden strukturierte FAIRification-Maßnahmen für Gesundheitsdatensätze entwickelt.
Sind die Konzepte zur „chronischen Manie“ der deutschsprachigen Psychiatrie um 1900 frühe Beiträge zum Störungsbild der adulten Form der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit‑/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS)?
Authors: Müller Steffen , Strauß Maria , Steinberg Holger 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungDie adulte Form der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) rückt immer mehr in den Fokus der Erwachsenenpsychiatrie. Trotz längst etablierter diagnostischer Kriterien des Störungsbilds und spezifischer Therapieansätze hört man in der heutigen Diskussion Vorurteile, dass ADHS eine „Modeerscheinung“ sei. Die Psychiatriegeschichte kann hier einen aufklärenden Beitrag leisten und versuchen aufzuzeigen, dass es sich bei der adulten Form der ADHS um ein konstant existentes Krankheitsphänomen handelt. Die vorliegende Studie arbeitet die um 1900 in der deutschsprachigen Psychiatrie geführte Diskussion z. T. prominenter Autoren über die „chronische Manie“ auf. Die einzelnen Konzepte wurden inhaltlich analysiert, miteinander und mit den heutigen Diagnosemanualen zur adulten ADHS verglichen. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, zu hinterfragen und zu diskutieren, ob diese „chronisch-manischen Konzepte“ zur Ideengeschichte der adulten ADHS gehören und ob also mit deren Hilfe eine Lücke in der Überlieferungsgeschichte dieser Störung gefüllt werden kann. Wir gelangen zu dem Schluss, dass Nervenärzte des frühen 20. Jahrhunderts über Patienten berichteten und diskutierten, die mit großer Sicherheit heute die Diagnose ADHS erhalten würden. Die Psychiater hatten Schwierigkeiten, diese Störung in ihre nosologischen Schemata einzuordnen, doch ihre „chronisch-manischen Konzepte“ lassen deutliche Parallelen zu den heute gängigen Diagnosekriterien der adulten ADHS und ihrer Symptomatik erkennen.
The role of cellular senescence in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Wang Yating , Kuca Kamil , You Li , Nepovimova Eugenie , Heger Zbynek , Valko Marian , Adam Vojtech , Wu Qinghua , Jomova Klaudia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIncreasing evidence has revealed that cellular senescence drives NDs, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease. Different senescent cell populations secrete senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASP), including matrix metalloproteinase-3, interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6, and IL-8, which can harm adjacent microglia. Moreover, these cells possess high expression levels of senescence hallmarks (p16 and p21) and elevated senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity in in vitro and in vivo ND models. These senescence phenotypes contribute to the deposition of β-amyloid and tau-protein tangles. Selective clearance of senescent cells and SASP regulation by inhibiting p38/mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappa B signaling attenuate β-amyloid load and prevent tau-protein tangle deposition, thereby improving cognitive performance in AD mouse models. In addition, telomere shortening, a cellular senescence biomarker, is associated with increased ND risks. Telomere dysfunction causes cellular senescence, stimulating IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-1β secretions. The forced expression of telomerase activators prevents cellular senescence, yielding considerable neuroprotective effects. This review elucidates the mechanism of cellular senescence in ND pathogenesis, suggesting strategies to eliminate or restore senescent cells to a normal phenotype for treating such diseases.
Cannabidivarin and cannabigerol induce unfolded protein response and angiogenesis dysregulation in placental trophoblast HTR-8/SVneo cells
Authors: Alves Patrícia , Amaral Cristina , Gonçalves Marina S. , Teixeira Natércia , Correia-da-Silva Georgina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCannabidivarin (CBDV) and cannabigerol (CBG) are minor phytocannabinoids from Cannabis sativa, whose health benefits have been reported. However, studies about the impact of these cannabinoids on fundamental cellular processes in placentation are scarce. Placental development involves physiological endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, however when exacerbated it can lead to altered angiogenesis and pregnancy disorders, such as intrauterine growth restriction and preeclampsia. In this work, the effects of CBDV and CBG (1–10 µM) on placental extravillous trophoblasts were studied, using the in vitro model HTR-8/SVneo cells. Both cannabinoids induced anti-proliferative effects and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species generation, which was dependent on transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) activation. Moreover, CBDV and CBG significantly upregulated, in a TRPV-1 dependent manner, the gene expression of HSPA5/Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78/BiP), a critical chaperone involved in ER stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) activation. Nevertheless, the UPR pathways were differentially activated. Both cannabinoids were able to recruit the IRE branch, while only CBDV enhanced the expression of downstream effectors of the PERK pathway, namely p-eIF2α, ATF4 and CHOP. It also augmented the activity of the apoptotic initiator caspases-8 and -9, though the effector caspases-3/-7 were not activated. TRB3 expression was increased by CBDV, which may hinder apoptosis termination. Moreover, both compounds upregulated the mRNA levels of the angiogenic factors VEGFA, PGF and sFLT1, and disrupted the endothelial-like behavior of HTR-8/SVneo cells, by reducing tube formation. Thus, CBDV and CBG treatment interferes with EVTs functions and may have a negative impact in placentation and in pregnancy outcome.