bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water Assisted Injection Molding: A Review
Authors: Liu S.-J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWater assisted injection molding technology has become one of the most important methods to manufacture hollow plastic parts in recent years, due to its light weight, relatively lower resin cost per part and faster cycle time. This report aims to present a review of the development and progress of the water assisted injection molding technology. The tooling used for the process is introduced. The interaction between the assisting water and the polymer melt during molding is discussed, and insight into the penetration behaviors of the fluid is summarized. In addition, comparisons have been made between the gas-assisted injection molding and water assisted injection molding processes.
Zinc Surfactant Effects on Improved Mechanical Properties of Silica-Filled Silicone Rubber/Natural Rubber Blends Using TESPD Coupling Agent
Authors: Dang T. T. Nga , Kim J. K. , Kim K.-J. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Zinc surfactant (ZS) is added into natural rubber (NR)/silica/TESPD (bis (triethoxysilyl propyl) disulfide) and silicone rubber (SR)/NR/silica/TESPD compounds and these compounds are vulcanized. The addition of the ZS shows significant improvements on mechanical properties on both compounds. It increases the torque maximum values of the compounds as well as the tan values, which is an indirect implication that the vibration isolation property is increased. It shows the presence of zinc ion in the ZS helps silane coupling with double bond in the rubber chain. This results in improved mechanical properties such as the modulus, tensile strength, elongation at break, and hardness.
A Two Years Study on Pregnant Women with Cardiac Disease in a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Sayeeda Syeda , Wahid Fatima , Begum Firoza , Zaman Mahboob Mustafa 
Published: August 2009

Objective: To analyse the pregnant women with heart disease and to assess its influence on the fetomaternal outcome. Materials and methods: This observational study was carried out during the period from Jan 2006 to Sept 2007. Fifty pregnant women with cardiac diseases who were admitted in the Fetomaternal Medicine unit of the department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) were included in the study. Results: Rheumatic heart disease (n-37, 74%) with isolated mitral stenosis (28%) was the predominant cardiac problem among the study subjects while atrial septal defect (16%) was the most common form of congenital heart disease (n-13, 26%). Based on New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification, 40(80%) women were in class-I, 7(14%) were in class-II and 3(6%) were in class-III heart disease on presentation. The mean (±SD) gestational age at delivery was 37.50(±2.50) weeks and pregnancy duration was shortened in more advanced classes of heart disease. The rate of cesarean section (90%) was high in the study subjects. The rate of prematurity (55.5%) was high among class II and III and average birth weight of neonates were less among these two classes compared to class I (2.80±0.20 kg in Class-I, 2.30±0.26 in Class-II and 2.10±0.34 in Class-III). No baby was delivered stillborn and there was no neonatal death. Out of fifty, nine patients developed heart failure during the hospital stay. Duration of hospital stay was shorter in class-I (7.50±1.50) and was prolonged in more advanced classes of heart disease (9.50±1.56 in Class-II and 13.80±4.20 in Class-III). Two patients of the study subjects expired. Conclusion: Rheumatic heart disease was the predominant type of heart disease in pregnancy and most of the women were in class I on admission. The neonatal outcome was satisfactory. Two patients in the congenital heart disease group expired during the study period. Key words: Maternal, Fetal, Cardiac disease. doi: 10.3329/bjog.v23i1.3050 Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2008; Vol. 23(1) : 3-7
Effect of Site of Injection on Spread of Spinal Anaesthesia with Hyperbaric Bupivacaine
Authors: Karim MA , Banik Debasish , Huda Qumrul , Hye Abdul , Banik Debabrata , Begum Feroza 
Published: August 2009

Spinal Anaesthesia during caesarean section is popular world wide. The aim of the study was the explore the efficacy of spinal Anaesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine at different intervertebral space in lower uterine caesarean section. Ninety unpremeditated patients (20-40 years) undergoing caesarean section were allocated randomly to receive 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 2ml at the site of L2-3, L3-4 and L4-5 intervertebral space. Spinal injection was performed to all patients with a 25-gauge Quincke spinal needle. The onset time of analgesia at T10 and T6 was significantly faster and the level of analgesia at 5 and 10 min was significantly higher after injection at L2-3. But the maximum height (T4) of analgesia at 15 and 20 min after injection and the number of episodes of hypotension were not significantly different among the three groups. So we can conclude that onset of Analgesia is altered by the site of injection, but the overall analgesia level achieved remain unchanged. Key words: Spinal anaesthesia, hyperbaric bupivacane, site of injection, spread of anaesthesia. doi: 10.3329/bjog.v23i1.3052 Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2008; Vol. 23(1) : 15-19
Perinatal Outcome of Eclampsia in Dhaka Medical College Hospital
Authors: Alam Irin Parveen , Akhter Sayeba 
Published: August 2009

Objectives: The study was done with the objective to find the perinatal outcome in eclampsia patients and also to find out preventable causes of perinatal mortality and morbidity which are related to eclampsia. Materials & methods: This was a cross sectional observational study carried out in the Eclampsia unit in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Dhaka Medical College Hospital during the period from February 2001 to July 2001. Results: Three hundred patients were selected for study. Three hundred mother's delivered 311 babies (11 sets of twins). Perinatal death(PND) which included stillbirth (SB) and early neonatal death (END) was 29%; stillbirth rate was 158/1000 live birth and early neonatal death rate was 132/1000 live births; 71% babies were born healthy. Maternal and fetal conditions were assessed and its relation with perinatal outcome was analyzed. Convulsion delivery interval > 12 hours, diastolic BP > 110mm Hg and Proteinuria > 3+ had significant higher perinatal death. (P<0.001, <0.01 and <0.001, respectively). Seventy percent babies had low birth weight. Among the live born neonates (n=262) 27.5% had jaundice, 34.7% had no complication and 15.6% had early neonatal death. Pre-maturity was common cause of early perinatal death (54%) and 39% death was due to asphyxia. Conclusion: Still birth, prematurity and birth asphyxia are important causes of perinatal loss in eclampsia, so early referral of eclampsia patients, early resuscitative measures and good neonatal care can improve perinatal outcome. doi: 10.3329/bjog.v23i1.3053 Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2008; Vol. 23(1) : 20-24
Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Patients with Mixed Connective Tissue Disease: Immunological Markers and Cytokine Levels
Authors: HAJAS AGOTA , SZODORAY PETER , BARATH SANDOR , SIPKA SANDOR , REZES SZILARD , ZEHER MARGIT , SZIKLAI ISTVAN , SZEGEDI GYULA , BODOLAY EDIT 
Published: August 2009

Objective.To investigate the frequency of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD).Methods.The study population consisted of 71 patients with MCTD (69 female; 2 male), with a mean age of 57.1 ± 7.9 years and a mean disease duration of 14.5 ± 8.0 years. All patients underwent audiological evaluation that included pure tone and speech audiometry. In addition, the systemic manifestations of the disease and drug therapy were recorded. All patients were tested for presence of autoantibodies. Fifty-one age-matched healthy subjects served as controls.Results.SNHL was found in 33 (46.4%) of the 71 patients with MCTD. There was no correlation between SNHL and age and disease duration. An association was found between Raynaud’s phenomenon (p < 0.03), secondary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) (p < 0.05), and SNHL. MCTD patients with SNHL had higher serum levels of anti-U1RNP (p < 0.05), antiendothelial cell antibodies (p < 0.001), and IgG type anticardiolipin antibodies (p < 0.0001) than patients without SNHL. Serum levels of interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α were increased in MCTD patients with SNHL compared to patients without SNHL. The absolute number of natural (CD4+CD25highFoxP+) regulatory T cells (Treg) was lower compared to patients without SNHL.Conclusion.In MCTD, SNHL is a specific organ manifestation and appears frequently. We have found that pathogenic autoantibodies, decreased levels of regulatory T cells, and overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines may play a role in the pathogenesis of immune mediated inner ear disorders in MCTD.
Voices of Experience: Reflections of Nurse Educators
Authors: Dattilo JoEllen , Brewer M. Kathleen , Streit Linda 
Published: August 2009

Background:
Recent data reported by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing suggest that nursing education is experiencing a continued increase in applicants. However, because of a faculty shortage, many qualified students are denied enrollment. Strategies that would encourage individuals to consider a career in nursing education would somewhat alleviate applicant restrictions.

Methods:
A descriptive phenomenological study was conducted exploring experienced baccalaureate educators' perspectives. Questions were posed about their role experiences. Analysis was conducted with van Manen's procedural steps for examination.

Results:
Emergent themes were identified. These themes, reflective of the educators' experience, offer insight and guidance to novice educators striving for success.

Conclusion:
To alleviate the nursing shortage, increased efforts should be directed toward encouraging qualified individuals to pursue a career as a nurse educator and mentoring those who are novices. The wisdom gleaned from experienced nurse educators may help achieve these goals.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2009;40(8):367–370.
Effect of an Acute Care Geriatric Educational Program on Fall Rates and Nurse Work Satisfaction
Authors: Lange Jean , Wallace Meredith , Gerard Sally , Lovanio Kathleen , Fausty Nina , Rychlewicz Susie 
Published: August 2009

Background:
A successful faculty-mentored geriatric nurse education program resulted from an acute care-academic partnership.

Purpose:
This study educated nurses in best geriatric nursing practices to enhance effective management of common geriatric problems as well as to improve nurse work satisfaction.

Methods:
Forty-seven nurses completed an online course in geriatric best practices.

Results:
Pre- and posttest comparisons showed a declining trend in the incidence of falls and improved satisfaction with autonomy, task requirements, and nurse-to-nurse interaction among participants. Units in which two or more participants achieved national certification had significantly lower fall rates 3 months after program completion. Participants who attained national certification also had significantly improved satisfaction with professional status.

Conclusion:
This partnership represents a replicable model that facilitated the advancement of evidence-based practice and enhanced nurses' knowledge of best practices in caring for older adults. Early evidence shows that these successes may improve patient outcomes.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2009;40(8):371–379.
Why Does the Randomized Clinical Trial Methodology So Often Mislead Clinical Decision Making?: Focus on Moderators and Mediators of Treatment
Authors: Kraemer Helena Chmura , Gibbons Robert D. 
Published: August 2009

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Review moderators and mediators of treatment efficacy and effectiveness.

2.
Identify limitations of randomized clinical trials for generalizing to the population.

3.
Identify moderators and mediators for treatment-related effects.
Use of Isotretinoin for Acne Vulgaris
Authors: Merritt Bradley , Burkhart Craig N. , Morrell Dean S. 
Published: August 2009

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Distinguish the mechanism of action of isotretinoin and its indications for use in the treatment of acne vulgaris.

2.
Analyze the side-effect profile of isotretinoin and the necessity for routine follow-up during therapy.

3.
Outline the evolution of current regulatory mechanisms in place for pregnancy prevention in patients taking isotretinoin.
Pediatric Infestations
Authors: Diamantis Stephanie A. , Morrell Dean S. , Burkhart Craig N. 
Published: August 2009

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Define common treatment options for head lice, body lice, crab lice, and scabies.

2.
Outline the situations in which each of the above infestations may arise as well as how each infestation presents clinically.

3.
Demonstrate how to eradicate infestations using a combination of environmental decontamination, topical, and/or oral therapy.
Total Hip Arthroplasty for Alcoholic Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head
Authors: Yuan Brandon , Taunton Michael J. , Trousdale Robert T. 
Published: August 2009

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head in the setting of alcohol abuse is a potential important cause of symptomatic hip disease in young patients. All cases of uncemented primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) with a primary operative diagnosis of osteonecrosis of the femoral head secondary to alcohol abuse treated at our institution from January 1990 to February 2002 were identified. Twenty-three patients with 28 hips were identified; all patients had advanced disease (subchondral collapse) that was unresponsive to conservative treatment modalities. Within 5 years of index THA, 2 patients were lost to follow-up, and 2 patients died from causes unrelated to their surgery. The remaining 19 patients underwent 24 THAs. Unilateral THA was performed in 14 patients, and bilateral THA was performed in 5 patients. Seventeen men and 2 women with an average age of 41.8 years (range, 30–59 years) at the time of THA were included in the study. The average duration to clinical follow-up was 7.6 years.
There was significant improvement in hip pain and hip function scores. Seven THAs were revised at a mean 6.7 years following index THA. Five- and 10-year implant survivorship free of revision was 96% and 64%, respectively (Kaplan-Meier Survivorship Analysis). The continued use of alcohol was associated with a slightly increased risk of failure (61% implant survivorship at 10 years in those with continued alcohol intake vs 75% 10-year survivorship in those without).
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis and the Single-nucleotide Polymorphism of the Growth Hormone Receptor and IGF-1 Genes
Authors: Yang Yong , Wu Zhihong , Zhao Taimao , Wang Hai , Zhao Dong , Zhang Jianguo , Wang Yipeng , Ding Yaozhong , Qiu Guixing 
Published: August 2009

The etiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is undetermined despite years of research. A number of hypotheses have been postulated to explain its development, including growth abnormalities. The irregular expression of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) may disturb hormone metabolism, result in a gross asymmetry, and promote the progress of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Initial association studies in complex diseases have demonstrated the power of candidate gene association. Prior to our study, 1 study in this field had a negative result. A replicable study is vital for reliability.
To determine the relationship of growth hormone receptor and IGF-1 genes with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, a population-based association study was performed. Single nucleotide polymorphisms with potential function were selected from candidate genes and a distribution analysis was performed. A conclusion was made confirming the insufficiency of an association between adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and the single-nucleotide polymorphism of the growth hormone receptor and IGF-1 genes in Han Chinese.
Hip Resurfacing Using the Anterolateral Watson-Jones Approach in the Supine Position
Authors: Sandri Andrea , Regis Dario , Magnan Bruno , Luminari Elisa , Bartolozzi Pietro 
Published: August 2009

Hip resurfacing is commonly performed using a posterior approach, although some authors have advocated damage to the vascular supply due to posterolateral capsulectomy as one of the possible causes of femoral neck fracture. The need to preserve blood supply has led to the use of an alternative surgical vascular-sparing procedure.
This article describes early clinical and radiological outcomes of hip resurfacing via an anterolateral Watson-Jones approach in the supine position. Twenty-eight hips in 26 patients with degenerative hip disease were evaluated retrospectively with a mean follow-up of 28 months (range, 12–61 months). The mean age at surgery was 58 years (range, 26–72 years). The average Harris Hip Score increased from 60 points preoperatively (range, 30–69 points) to 96 points at latest follow-up (range, 80–100 points). Complications included femoral neurapraxia and deep vein thrombosis in 1 patient, which both resolved. One hip required revision due to acetabular cup loosening 15 months postoperatively. No progressive radiolucencies, avascular necroses, or dislocations were observed. Heterotopic ossifications were detected in 3 hips. The absence of early femoral failures in our series may be related to careful patient selection and a proper surgical technique.
The anterolateral Watson-Jones approach in the supine position provides optimal exposure of the acetabulum and proximal femur, but a wide soft tissue release is always necessary. We preserve the posterolateral neck capsule to improve the chances of maintaining the blood supply to the femoral neck, even if no differences in clinical outcomes and complications are evident between the anterolateral and posterolateral approaches.
Closed Manipulation After Total Knee Arthroplasty: Outcome and Affecting Variables
Authors: Cates Hal E. , Schmidt John M. 
Published: August 2009

Clinic records of 37 manipulations in 767 consecutive primary total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) were analyzed to identify any predictors of manipulation outcome. Factors studied were sex, age, body mass index, tibiofemoral alignment, surgical history, smoking history, range of motion before TKA and manipulation, intraoperative lateral release, implant design and manufacturer, and manipulation interval. Measures of outcome were gains in extension and flexion from manipulation and range of motion at 1-year follow-up.
Patients gained an average of 4° of extension and 22° of flexion after manipulation, resulting in average extension of 1° and average flexion of 105° at 1-year follow-up. Restored flexion was similar to that measured preoperatively. Manipulation was most effective in patients manipulated within 8 weeks, with full extension and <90° of flexion prior to manipulation, and those receiving a lateral release during arthroplasty.
Potential for benefit from manipulation appears to be reduced in patients with large flexion contractures but with adequate flexion. Patients with flexion contractures regained only approximately 80% of the extension they lacked before manipulation. Only 12 of 18 patients (67%) with flexion contractures regained full extension. Manipulation is successful at regaining flexion and restoring function for patients of all levels of flexion deficiency. At least 90° of flexion was regained in 20 of 23 patients (87%) who lacked it at manipulation.
Compound Osteosynthesis for Osteolyses and Pathological Fractures of the Proximal Femur
Authors: Kinkel Stefan , Stecher Jens , Gotterbarm Tobias , Bruckner Thomas , Holz Ulrich 
Published: August 2009

Due to improved oncological therapeutic procedures with longer survival times, the stabilization of osteolyses and pathological fractures is gaining importance. The proximal femur is often affected by metastases. As femoral stability can be compromised by such bone lesions, stabilization as a palliative measure is indicated to restore function and relieve pain. Besides intramedullary osteosynthesis and endoprosthetic reconstruction, compound osteosynthesis is an alternative method for stabilization of the proximal femur.
Between 1994 and 2004, 34 compound osteosyntheses were performed for a tumor-caused lesion compromising mechanical stability of the proximal femur. Of those cases, 22 double-plate compound osteosyntheses and 12 single-plate compound osteosyntheses were performed for 9 pathological fractures and 25 osteolyses. Both techniques provided good primary stability. The average survival time after compound osteosynthesis was 14.2 months (range, 0–72 months). Double-plate compound osteosyntheses showed a lower mechanical failure rate than single-plate compound osteosyntheses (14.3% vs 33.3%) and a higher survival probability after 5 years (76.4% vs 38.6%). No surgical revision was required due to perioperative complications in any case.
We conclude that reliable stabilization of extensive osteolyses and pathological fractures of the proximal femur can be achieved with compound osteosynthesis. Our data suggest that double-plate compound osteosyntheses is a more favorable technique than single-plate compound osteosyntheses based on a lower rate of mechanical failure and higher survival probability.
Massive Wear and Metallosis of an Acetabular Cup System Presenting as Pseudodislocation
Authors: Sathappan Sathappan S. , Wee James , Ginat Daniel , Meere Patrick 
Published: August 2009

In primary and revision total hip arthroplasty (THA), the acetabular component continues to pose greater challenges than the femoral component. Numerous factors lead to polyethylene wear, which subsequently affects primary THA survival. Progressive polyethylene wear is associated with the occurrence of osteolysis, especially overlying the acetabulum, which can lead to component loosening and subsequent revision.
Polyethylene failure usually manifests as massive liner wear up to the metal shell, fracture of the liner, or a combination of both. There is often a small amount of metallosis associated with this pathology. To our knowledge, massive wear of the acetabular metal shell, however, has not previously been reported in the literature.
This article describes a case of massive wear through a polyethylene liner and the acetabular metal shell of an Acetabular Cup System (DePuy, Leeds, United Kingdom) that presented as an apparent dislocation 13 years following the index operation. The pseudodislocation was intraoperatively found to be penetration of the femoral head through the acetabular shell. The acetabular component was consequently revised to a larger cementless cup. The femoral component was mechanically stable and required no revision.
Patients with long-standing Acetabular Cup System THA may experience acetabular metal shell wear-through phenomena presenting as a pseudodislocation, and this possibility should be taken into consideration during preoperative planning.