bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prolongation of off‐cycle interval by finasteride is not associated with survival improvement in intermittent androgen deprivation therapy in LNCaP tumor model
Authors: Wang Yujuan , Gupta Shubham , Hua Vi , Ramos‐Garcia Raquel , Shevrin Daniel , Jovanovic Borko D. , Nelson Joel B. , Wang Zhou 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe have previously reported that finasteride administration in intermittent androgen deprivation therapy (IADT) can improve survival of nude mice bearing LNCaP xenograft tumors when the duration of off‐cycle in IADT was fixed. A recent retrospective study showed that addition of finasteride doubled the duration of the off‐cycle, without changing progression to castration resistance. In view of the above difference, we attempted to investigate the relationship of 5α‐reductase inhibition with the off‐cycle interval and overall survival in a murine model.METHODSSubcutaneous LNCaP tumors were established in nude mice (Balb/C‐Nu). After the tumors reached a size of 0.5 cm in diameter, the mice were castrated and followed up for 2 weeks after which they were randomized to continuous androgen deprivation (CAD), CAD plus finasteride, IADT, and IADT plus finasteride. The off‐cycle was discontinued when the tumor volume was doubled. Subsequent cycles were carried out similarly.RESULTSUse of finasteride during the off‐cycle of IADT doubled the first off‐cycle duration. However, prolongation of the off‐cycle by finasteride did not translate into an increase in overall survival.CONCLUSIONSThe survival advantage of IADT + finasteride over IADT that we previously reported was lost when the off‐cycle prolongation by finasteride was allowed. Maximum possible lengthening of the off‐cycle by 5α‐reductase inhibition is not associated with survival improvement in this animal model. Prostate 70: 147–154, 2010. ©2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparation of lithium indium oxide via a rheological phase route and its electrochemical characteristics in LiOH and Li2SO4 solutions
Authors: Zhang Guo‐Qing , Zhang Sheng‐Tao , Wu Xing‐Fa 
Published: September 2009

AbstractSubmicrometer‐sized lithium indium oxide (LiInO2) powder via a rheological phase method using trilithium citrate tetra hydrate (C6H5Li3O7 · 4H2O) and indium oxide (In2O3) has been prepared in this work for the first time. The optimal pyrolyzing temperature range to prepare crystalline LiInO2 is between 650 and 900 °C, which was confirmed by thermal gravimetric and differential thermogravimetric analysis of the precursor and X‐ray diffraction analysis. The pure phase LiInO2 sample obtained has a uniform particle morphology and submicrosize, which was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical studies show that a new pair of cathodic and anodic peaks at 0.23 and 0.38 V (vs. saturated calomel electrode) was obviously observed from the cyclic voltammetry curve of LiInO2 in 1 M LiOH solution, indicating a battery characteristic of the material in this electrolyte. While in 1 M Li2SO4 solution, the sample presents a supercapacitive characteristic within the same potential range. The reasons for different electrochemical behaviors in these two electrolytes can be attributed to the fact that the reaction of lithium ion insertion/extraction into/out of a LiInO2 electrode takes place in the bulk material in LiOH electrolyte solution, whereas it takes place on the electrode/electrolyte interface for Li2SO4 electrolyte case.
In‐plane gate transistors implanted with different channel geometries by focussed ion beam in positive mode pattern definition technique
Authors: Draghici Mihai , Diaconescu Dorina , Melnikov Alexander , Wieck Andreas D. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn‐plane gate (IPG) transistors with various channel geometries have been fabricated by focus ion beam implantation technique in positive pattern definition mode on GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs heterostructures. Both n‐ and p‐type channel transistors were obtained for either n‐ or p‐doped heterostructures, by implantation of the channel or the gate regions with the complementary dopant type to compensate the initial doping. The current–voltage characteristics showed that the channel can be fully controlled by a gate bias, i.e., it can be completely depleted or enhanced, but two gates are needed to control the channel. Different channel geometries were studied, the most efficient being the “Z‐shaped” one. The n‐type channel IPG transistors present source–drain currents of few hundreds of microamperes, which is two to three orders of magnitudes higher than that for the p‐type channel ones.
Structural and optical properties of electron‐beam evaporated Al2O3‐doped V2O5 thin films for various applications
Authors: Ali H. M. , Hakeem A. M. Abdel 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe solid‐state reaction method was used to prepare tablets of (V2O5)100−x (Al2O3)x with x = 5, 10, 15, 20 wt. %. Thin films of Al2O3‐doped V2O5 were deposited onto glass substrates using an electron‐beam evaporation technique. The influence of doping and annealing temperature on the structural and optical characteristics has been investigated in detail. Optical properties of the films were studied extensively in the wavelength range 200–2500 nm from the measurements of the optical transmittance (T) and optical reflectance (R). It was observed that the optical properties such as transmittance, reflectance, optical bandgap, and refractive index of (V2O5)100−x (Al2O3)x films were strongly affected by the ratio of Al2O3 and the temperature of annealing.
Dielectric and ac conductivity studies in as‐grown Ga2Te3 crystals with the defect zinc‐blende structure
Authors: Seki Y. , Kusakabe M. , Kashida S. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractGa2Te3 crystallizes in the zinc‐blende structure where one‐third of the cation sites are vacant. The dielectric properties of as‐grown Ga2Te3 crystals have been studied in the frequency range from 102 to 109 Hz. Below room temperature, the dielectric constant is around 20 and almost independent of temperature. The ac conductivity is found to obey a power law σac ∼ ωs, with s ∼ 1 indicating that the conduction is due to hopping of localized charge carriers. Above room temperature the dielectric constant shows an S‐shaped step‐like increase up to a very large value around 104. The relaxation is found to be of thermal activated Debye type, the relaxation time changes as $\tau = \tau _0 \,{\rm exp}(E_\tau /kT)$ ($E_\tau \approx 0.27\,{\rm eV}$). The activation energy of the relaxation nearly coincides with that deduced from conductivity. These results are analyzed using the Maxwell Wagner model and the space charge model.
Distributed model predictive control for constrained linear systems
Authors: Ding Baocang , Xie Lihua , Cai Wenjian 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe address the distributed model predictive control (MPC) for a set of linear local systems with decoupled dynamics and a coupled global cost function. By the decomposition of the global cost function, the distributed control problem is converted to the MPC for each local system associated with a cost involving neighboring system states and inputs. For each local controller, the infinite horizon control moves are parameterized as N free control moves followed by a single state feedback law. An interacting compatibility condition is derived, disassembled and incorporated into the design of each local control so as to achieve the stability of the global closed‐loop system. Each local system exchanges with its neighbors the current states and the previous optimal control strategies. The global closed‐loop system is shown to be exponentially stable provided that all the local optimizers are feasible at the initial time. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Random majority percolation
Authors: Balister Paul , Bollobás Béla , Johnson J. Robert , Walters Mark 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe shall consider the discrete time synchronous random majority‐vote cellular automata on the n by n torus, in which every vertex is in one of two states and, at each time step t, every vertex goes into the state the majority of its neighbors had at time t ‐ 1 with a small chance p of error independently of all other events. We shall show that, if n is fixed and p is sufficiently small, then the process spends almost half of its time in each of two configurations. Further more, we show that the expected time for it to reach one of these configurations from the other is Θ(1/pn+1) despite the actual time spent in transit being O(1/p3). Unusually, it appears difficult to obtain any results for this regime by simulation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2010
On predictive routing of security contexts in an all‐IP network
Authors: Kim Hahnsang , Shin Kang G. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWhile mobile nodes (MNs) undergo handovers across inter‐wireless access networks, their security contexts must be propagated for secure re‐establishment of on‐going application sessions, such as those in secure mobile internet protocol (IP), authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) services. Routing security contextsviaan IP network either on‐demand or based on MNs' mobility prediction, imposes new challenging requirements of securecross‐handoverservices and security context management. In this paper, we present acontext router(CXR) that manages security contexts in an all‐IP network, providing seamless and secure handover services for the mobile users that carry multimedia‐access devices. A CXR is responsible for (1) monitoring of MNs' cross‐handover, (2) analysis of MNs' movement patterns, and (3) routing of security contexts ahead of MNs' arrival at relevant access points. The predictive routing reduces the delay in the underlying security association that would otherwise fetch an involved security context from a remote server. The predictive routing of security contexts is performed based on statistical learning of MNs' movement pattern, gauging (dis)similarities between the patterns obtainedviadistance measurements. The CXR has been evaluated with a prototypical implementation based on an MN mobility model on a grid. Our evaluation results support the predictive routing mechanism's improvement in seamless and secure cross‐handover services by a factor of 2.5. Also, the prediction mechanism is shown to outperform the Kalman filter‐based method [13] as a Kalman Fiter‐based mechanism up to 1.5 and 3.6 times regarding prediction accuracy and computation performance, respectively. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Randomization by minimization for unbalanced treatment allocation
Authors: Han Baoguang , Enas Nathan H. , McEntegart Damian 
Published: September 2009

AbstractMinimization is a dynamic randomization technique that has been widely used in clinical trials for achieving a balance of prognostic factors across treatment groups, but most often it has been used in the setting of equal treatment allocations. Although unequal treatment allocation is frequently encountered in clinical trials, an appropriate minimization procedure for such trials has not been published. The purpose of this paper is to present novel strategies for applying minimization methodology to such clinical trials. Two minimization techniques are proposed and compared by probability calculation and simulation studies. In the first method, called naïve minimization, probability assignment is based on a simple modification of the original minimization algorithm, which does not account for unequal allocation ratios. In the second method, called biased‐coin minimization (BCM), probability assignment is based on allocation ratios and optimized to achieve an ‘unbiased’ target allocation ratio. The performance of the two methods is investigated in various trial settings including different number of treatments, prognostic factors and sample sizes. The relative merits of the different distance metrics are also explored. On the basis of the results, we conclude that BCM is the preferable method for randomization in clinical trials involving unequal treatment allocations. The choice of different distance metrics slightly affects the performance of the minimization and may be optimized according to the specific feature of trials. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling the spread of infectious disease using genetic information within a marked branching process
Authors: Leman Scotland C. , Levy Foster , Walker Elaine S. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAccurate assessment of disease dynamics requires a quantification of many unknown parameters governing disease transmission processes. While infection control strategies within hospital settings are stringent, some disease will be propagated due to human interactions (patient‐to‐patient or patient‐to‐caregiver‐to‐patient). In order to understand infectious transmission rates within the hospital, it is necessary to isolate the amount of disease that is endemic to the outside environment. While discerning the origins of disease is difficult when using ordinary spatio‐temporal data (locations and time of disease detection), genotypes that are common to pathogens, with common sources, aid in distinguishing nosocomial infections from independent arrivals of the disease. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate a Bayesian modeling procedure for identifying nosocomial infections, and quantify the rate of these transmissions. We will demonstrate our method using a 10‐year history of Morexella catarhallis. Results will show the degree to which pathogen‐specific, genotypic information impacts inferences about the nosocomial rate of infection. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanostructured Silicon Anodes for Lithium Ion Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Teki Ranganath , Datta Moni K. , Krishnan Rahul , Parker Thomas C. , Lu Toh‐Ming , Kumta Prashant N. , Koratkar Nikhil 
Published: September 2009

AbstractRechargeable lithium ion batteries are integral to today's information‐rich, mobile society. Currently they are one of the most popular types of battery used in portable electronics because of their high energy density and flexible design. Despite their increasing use at the present time, there is great continued commercial interest in developing new and improved electrode materials for lithium ion batteries that would lead to dramatically higher energy capacity and longer cycle life. Silicon is one of the most promising anode materials because it has the highest known theoretical charge capacity and is the second most abundant element on earth. However, silicon anodes have limited applications because of the huge volume change associated with the insertion and extraction of lithium. This causes cracking and pulverization of the anode, which leads to a loss of electrical contact and eventual fading of capacity. Nanostructured silicon anodes, as compared to the previously tested silicon film anodes, can help overcome the above issues. As arrays of silicon nanowires or nanorods, which help accommodate the volume changes, or as nanoscale compliant layers, which increase the stress resilience of silicon films, nanoengineered silicon anodes show potential to enable a new generation of lithium ion batteries with significantly higher reversible charge capacity and longer cycle life.
Effect of prenatal auditory stimulation on numerical synaptic density and mean synaptic height in the posthatch Day 1 chick hippocampus
Authors: Chaudhury Sraboni , Nag Tapas Chandra , Wadhwa Shashi 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPrevious studies on prenatal auditory stimulation by species‐specific sound or sitar music showed enhanced morphological and biochemical changes in chick hippocampus, which plays an important role in learning and memory. Changes in the efficiency of synapses, synaptic morphology and de novo synapse formation affects learning and memory. Therefore, in the present study, we set out to investigate the mean synaptic density and mean synaptic height at posthatch Day 1 in dorsal and ventral part of chick hippocampus following prenatal auditory stimulation. Fertilized 0 day eggs of domestic chick incubated under normal conditions were exposed to patterned sounds of species‐specific and sitar music at 65 dB levels for 15 min/h round the clock (frequency range: 100–6300 Hz) from embryonic Day 10 till hatching. The synapses identified under transmission electron microscope were estimated for their numerical density by physical disector method and also the mean synaptic height calculated. Our results demonstrate a significant increase in mean synaptic density with no alterations in the mean synaptic height following both types of auditory stimulation in the dorsal as well as ventral part of the hippocampus. The observed increase in mean synaptic density suggests enhanced synaptic substrate to strengthen hippocampal function. Synapse 63:152–159, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Mercury(II) Metal Crown Ether with N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Linkage
Authors: Wan Xiangjian , Xu Fengbo , Zang Zhengzhi , Song Haibin 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe mercury(II) metal crown ether (2a) was obtained in high yield by reaction of the carbene precursor 1,2‐bis[N‐(1‐naphthylmethylene)imidazoliumethoxy]benzene dihexafluorophosphate (1) and Hg(OAc)2. Addition of NaI to the acetone solution of 2a resulted in precipitation of pale yellow solid 2b. The structures of 2a and 2b were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffractometry. Both molecules display a helical conformation with a torsional cycle. The mercury atom in complex 2a is tricoordinated by two intramolecular carbene carbon atoms and an acetate oxygen atom. The mercury atom in complex 2b is tetracoordinated by two intramolecular carbene carbon atoms and two cis‐iodine atoms.
2‐Organoselenomethyl‐1H‐benzimidazole Complexes of Copper(II) and Copper(I)
Authors: Leboschka Markus , Sieger Monika , Sarkar Biprajit , Heck Jürgen , Niemeyer Mark , Bubrin Denis , Lissner Falk , Schleid Thomas , Záliš Stanislav , Su Cheng‐Yong , Kaim Wolfgang 
Published: September 2009

AbstractStructurally characterized 2‐methylselenomethyl‐1H‐benzimidazole (msbi) is shown to form complexes in 2:1 ratio with copper(II). Whereas the central cation [Cu(msbi)2Cl]+ = 1+ in [Cu(msbi)2Cl]Cl·2MeOH crystallizes in an approximately mixed square‐pyramidal/trigonal‐bipyramidal structure (τ = 0.52) with the second and third row atoms chlorine and selenium in the equatorial plane, the related [Cu(msbi)2(MeOH)](BF4)2 = [2](BF4)2 exhibits a closer to square‐pyramidal arrangement with τ = 0.36 for that complex dication 22+. In both cases, the Cu–N bonds are short at about 1.94 Å, whereas the Cu–Se distances vary between 2.62 Å for 1+ and ca. 2.54 Å for 22+. Slight differences between the Jahn–Teller influenced species 1+ and 22+ are also apparent from absorption and EPR spectra. Since copper(I) complexes of msbi suitable for crystal structure analysis could not be obtained, the related 1‐methyl‐2‐phenylselenomethyl‐1H‐benzimidazole (mpsbi) was prepared and used to obtain [Cu(mpsbi)2](X) = [3](X) (X = BF4 or PF6). The copper(I) ion in the corresponding cation 3+ shows a DFT‐reproduced distorted tetrahedral configuration with an N–CuI–N angle at 146.7(3)°, less straightened than the ca. 170° in similar CuI complexes with thioether‐1H‐benzimidazole ligands. A copper(I) compound [Cu(psbi)2][Cu(psbi)(psbi‐H+)](PF6) = [4][4′](PF6) with another related ligand, 2‐phenylselenomethyl‐1H‐benzimidazole (psbi), was crystallized in partially benzimidazole‐deprotonated acetonitrile solvate form, showing short Cu–N bonds of 1.898(5) Å, an N–CuI–N angle of 157.5(3)°, a Se···Se interaction at 3.6237(3) Å, and a very small Se–Cu–Se angle of 78.23(4)°. The different responses resulting from thioether and selenoether coordination to copper in the complexes at hand are being discussed.
Synthesis, Structures, and Spectroscopic Properties of Three Polynuclear Complexes from Nickel(II) Precursor with a 14‐membered Tetraaza Macrocyclic Ligand
Authors: Zhang Rui‐Hong , Wang Qing‐Lun , Huang Jin , Yang Fan , Yang Guang‐Ming 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBased on the complex ligand NiL (H2L = 3,12‐dichloro‐8‐methyl‐5‐phenyl‐5,6,7,8,9,10,15,18‐octahydro‐6,9,15,18‐tetraaza‐dibenzocyclotetradecene‐16,17‐dione), a dinuclear complex [(NiL)Cu(phen)(EtOH)](ClO4)2·EtOH·0.5H2O (1) and two tetranuclear complexes (NiL)3Co(ClO4)2 (2) and (NiL)3Cu(ClO4)2 (3) were prepared. The crystal structures of 1–3 were determined. EPR spectra of complex 1 and 3 were simulated.
New CF3 Substituted Phosphorus‐Tellurium Heterocycles
Authors: Lux Karin , Schön Oliver , Karaghiosoff Konstantin 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe reaction of trifluormethyl dichlorophosphine (CF3PCl2) with sodium telluride Na2Te or bis(trimethylsilyl) telluride (Me3Si)2Te results in the formation of four new phosphorus tellurium heterocycles (1–4) with the electron withdrawing CF3 substituent bonded to phosphorus. The telluratriphosphetane (CF3P)3Te (1), telluratetraphospholane (CF3P)4Te (2), telluradiphosphirane (CF3P)2Te (3) and ditelluratriphospholane (CF3P)3Te2 (4) are characterized by multinuclear (31P, 19F and 125Te) NMR spectroscopy. A full analysis of the 19F NMR spectrum of telluratriphosphetane (CF3P)3Te is presented. The new heterocycles are remarkably stable in solution and eliminate only slowly tellurium to form cyclophosphines (CF3P)n (n = 3–5).
Die Reaktion von mer‐[ScCl3(H2O)3] mit Pyridin. Kristallstruktur von [Sc2Cl4(μ‐OH)2(Py)4]·4Py
Authors: Massa Werner , Agarwal Seema , Grabe Norman , Dehnicke Kurt 
Published: September 2009

Abstractmer‐[ScCl3(H2O)3] (1) was prepared from aqueous solutions of scandium trichloride by evaporation and subsequent treatment with thionyl chloride at room temperature. The IR spectrum of 1 is in accordance with the meridional arrangement of the chlorido and aqua ligands. Its reaction with excess pyridine yields [Sc2Cl4(μ‐OH)2(py)4]·4py (2·4py), which is characterized by X‐ray diffraction: Space group I2/a, Z = 8, lattice dimensions at 193(2) K: a = 2051.3(2), b = 1056.3(7), c = 4389.4(5) pm, β = 102.967(12)°, R1 = 0.0584. The molecular structure of 2 consists of distorted octahedrally coordinated scandium atoms, which are connected by μ‐OH groups to form planar Sc2O2 four‐membered rings. The coordination of the scandium atoms is completed by two chlorine ligands and by the nitrogen atoms of the pyridine molecules, the latter being in trans‐positions to one another., Experiments to use 2 as possible catalyst for ring‐opening polymerization of ϵ‐caprolactone (ROP) without co‐catalysts were not successful.
Detection and Quantification of Free Glycerol in Virgin Olive Oil by 31P‐NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Hatzakis Emmanuel , Agiomyrgianaki Alexia , Dais Photis 
Published: September 2009

Abstract31P‐Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was employed to detect and quantify free glycerol in virgin olive oils originating from various regions of Greece. This analytical method was based on the derivatization of the hydroxyl groups of glycerol with the tagging reagent 2‐chloro‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethyldioxaphospholane, and identification of the phosphitylated compound on the basis of 31P chemical shifts. Quantification of glycerol in olive oils was accomplished by integration of the appropriate signals in the 31P NMR spectrum and the use of the phosphitylated cyclohexanol as internal standard. A linear correlation was observed between the glycerol content and 1,3‐diacylglycerols and free acidity indicating that glycerol is the final product of the partial hydrolysis of triacylglycerols.