bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heightism, growth hormone treatment, and social functioning: a holistic approach to a persistent clinical challenge
Authors: Kamoun Camilia , Largent Emily A. , Grimberg Adda 
Published: May 2024

Purpose of review
Use of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment to increase height in children with non-growth hormone deficient short stature is becoming more common. Yet, the evidence to support the notion that augmenting height directly leads to increased well being, specifically psychosocial well being, is inconsistent, with high-quality evidence lacking.

Recent findings
Review of recent studies demonstrates that the association between height augmentation and psychosocial well being is complex. The direct contribution of height to well being may be less than the current model of clinical care of short stature assumes. Rather, the new studies provide evidence to support a role for psychosocial factors, including height-related beliefs, social support, and coping skills, in promoting psychosocial well being, specifically quality of life and self-esteem.

Summary
Clinical care of short stature would benefit from incorporating a holistic model of care that considers psychosocial interventions in addition to, or instead of, rhGH treatment.
An agricultural livelihood intervention is associated with reduced HIV stigma among people with HIV
Authors: Weiser Sheri D. , Sheira Lila A. , Weke Elly , Zakaras Jennifer M. , Wekesa Pauline , Frongillo Edward A. , Burger Rachel L. , Mocello Adrienne Rain , Thirumurthy Harsha , Dworkin Shari L. , Tsai Alexander C. , Kahn James G. , Butler Lisa M. , Bukusi Elizabeth A. , Cohen Craig R. 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
HIV stigma undermines antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence and viral suppression. Livelihood interventions may target drivers of negative attitudes towards people with HIV (PWH) by improving their health and strengthening their economic contributions. We examined the effects of a multisectoral agricultural livelihood intervention on HIV stigma among PWH in western Kenya.

Design:
Sixteen health facilities were randomly allocated (1 : 1) to intervention or control arms in Shamba Maisha, a cluster randomized controlled trial that aimed to improve HIV-related health through behavioral, mental health, and nutritional pathways.

Methods:
The intervention included a farming loan and agricultural and financial training. Participants had access to farmland and surface water and were at least 18 years old, on ART for more than 6 months, and moderately-to-severely food insecure. We measured internalized, anticipated, and enacted HIV stigma semiannually over 2 years using validated scales. In blinded intent-to-treat analyses, we compared changes in scores over 24 months by study arm, using longitudinal multilevel difference-in-differences linear regression models that accounted for clustering.

Results:
Of 720 enrolled participants (354 intervention), 55% were women, and the median age was 40 years [interquartile range 34–47 years]. Two-year retention was 94%. Compared with the control arm, the intervention resulted in significant decreases (P < 0.001) of 0.42 points [95% confidence interval (CI) −0.52 to −0.31) in internalized stigma, 0.43 points (95% CI −0.51 to −0.34) in anticipated stigma, and 0.13 points (95% CI −0.16 to −0.09) in enacted stigma over 24 months.

Conclusion:
The agricultural livelihood intervention reduced HIV stigma among PWH. Poverty-reduction approaches may be a novel strategy for reducing HIV stigma.
A Novel Method for Patients With Ear Keloid
Authors: Işık Halil , Yaşar Emrah Kağan , Alagöz Murat Şahin 
Published: May 2024

Background
Keloid is a dermal fibroproliferative disease unique to humans. Due to the ambiguity in its pathophysiology and the frequent recurrence of keloid, there is no clear consensus on the treatment of keloid and there are many treatment methods defined. In order to benefit from the positive effects of fat grafting on pathological scars, we applied fat grafting to patients who underwent keloid enucleation.

Methods
Fifteen ear keloid patients included in the study. All patients underwent the same surgical procedure by the same surgeon. Routine follow-ups and examinations were performed to evaluate the results and in addition, the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) survey was used.

Results
In the study, 15 patients were followed for a median (IQR) period of 21 (13–28) months. No recurrence was observed in any patient during follow-up, which occurred for a median of 21 (13–28) months. In the questionnaire filled out by the patients, the preoperative median value was found to be 48 (IQR: 12), whereas the postoperative median value was found to be 14 (IQR: 8). According to the patients, there was a statistically significant (P < 0.05) positive improvement after surgery.

Conclusions
Historically, surgical procedures were avoided because the surgical recurrence rate was very high, but today, recurrence rates are decreasing with combined treatments. These treatment combinations may require more than one intervention and require frequent clinical follow-ups. With our technique of fat grafting after enucleation, the treatment was completed with a single operation and no additional intervention was required.
Sociodemographic Disparities and Postoperative Outcomes Following Cranial Vault Remodeling for Craniosynostosis: Analysis of the 2012 to 2021 NSQIP-Pediatric Database
Authors: Hengartner Astrid C. , Serrato Paul , Sayeed Sumaiya , Sadeghzadeh Sina , Prassinos Alexandre J. , Alperovich Michael , DiLuna Michael , Elsamadicy Aladine A. 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
The objective of this study was to assess whether race and ethnicity are independent predictors of inferior postoperative clinical outcomes, including increased complication rates, extended length of stay (LOS), and unplanned 30-day readmission following cranial vault repair for craniosynostosis.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was performed using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-Pediatric database. Pediatric patients under 2 years of age undergoing cranial vault repair for craniosynostosis between 2012 and 2021 were identified using the International Classification of Diseases-9/10 and Current Procedural Terminology codes. Patients were dichotomized into 4 cohorts: non-Hispanic White (NHW), non-Hispanic Black (NHB), Hispanic, and other. Only patients with available race and ethnicity data were included in this study. Patient demographics, comorbidities, surgical variables, postoperative adverse events, and hospital resource utilization were assessed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the impact of race on complications, extended LOS, and unplanned readmissions.

Results:
In our cohort of 7764 patients, 72.80% were NHW, 8.44% were NHB, 15.10% were Hispanic, and 3.67% were categorized as “other.” Age was significantly different between the 4 cohorts (P<0.001); NHB patients were the oldest, with an average age of 327.69±174.57 days old. Non-Hispanic White experienced the least adverse events while NHB experienced the most (P=0.01). Total operative time and hospital LOS were shorter for NHW patients (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). Rates of unplanned 30-day readmission, unplanned reoperation, and 30-day mortality did not differ significantly between the 4 cohorts. On multivariate analysis, race was found to be an independent predictor of extended LOS [NHB: adjusted odds ratio: 1.30 (1.04–1.62), P=0.021; other: 2.28 (1.69–3.04), P=0.005], but not of complications or readmission.

Conclusions:
Our study demonstrates that racial and ethnic disparities exist among patients undergoing cranial vault reconstruction for craniosynostosis. These disparities, in part, may be due to delayed age of presentation among non-Hispanic, non-White patients. Further investigations to elucidate the underlying causes of these disparities are necessary to address gaps in access to care and provide equitable health care to at-risk populations.
Physiologic validation of the Compensatory Reserve Metric obtained from pulse oximetry: A step toward advanced medical monitoring on the battlefield
Authors: Roden Richard T. , Webb Kevin L. , Pruter Wyatt W. , Gorman Ellen K. , Holmes David R. , Haider Clifton R. , Joyner Michael J. , Curry Timothy B. , Wiggins Chad C. , Convertino Victor A. 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
The Compensatory Reserve Metric (CRM) provides a time sensitive indicator of hemodynamic decompensation. However, its in-field utility is limited because of the size and cost-intensive nature of standard vital sign monitors or photoplethysmographic volume-clamp (PPGVC) devices used to measure arterial waveforms. In this regard, photoplethysmographic measurements obtained from pulse oximetry may serve as a useful, portable alternative. This study aimed to validate CRM values obtained using pulse oximeter (PPGPO).

METHODS
Forty-nine healthy adults (25 females) underwent a graded lower body negative pressure (LBNP) protocol to simulate hemorrhage. Arterial waveforms were sampled using PPGPO and PPGVC. The CRM was calculated using a one-dimensional convolutional neural network. Cardiac output and stroke volume were measured using PPGVC. A brachial artery catheter was used to measure intra-arterial pressure. A three-lead electrocardiogram was used to measure heart rate. Fixed-effect linear mixed models with repeated measures were used to examine the association between CRM values and physiologic variables. Log-rank analyses were used to examine differences in shock determination during LBNP between monitored hemodynamic parameters.

RESULTS
The median LBNP stage reached was 70 mm Hg (range, 45–100 mm Hg). Relative to baseline, at tolerance, there was a 47% ± 12% reduction in stroke volume, 64% ± 27% increase in heart rate, and 21% ± 7% reduction in systolic blood pressure (p < 0.001 for all). Compensatory Reserve Metric values obtained with both PPGPO and PPGVC were associated with changes in heart rate (p < 0.001), stroke volume (p < 0.001), and pulse pressure (p < 0.001). Furthermore, they provided an earlier detection of hemodynamic shock relative to the traditional metrics of shock index (p < 0.001 for both), systolic blood pressure (p < 0.001 for both), and heart rate (p = 0.001 for both).

CONCLUSION
The CRM obtained from PPGPO provides a valid, time-sensitized prediction of hemodynamic decompensation, opening the door to provide military medical personnel noninvasive in-field advanced capability for early detection of hemorrhage and imminent onset of shock.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Diagnostic Tests or Criteria; Level III.
Surgical Complications Following Renal Transplantation in a Large Institutional Cohort
Authors: Dagnæs-Hansen Julia , Kristensen Gitte H. , Stroomberg Hein V. , Rohrsted Malene , Sørensen Søren S. , Røder Andreas 
Published: May 2024

Background.
Successful renal transplantation (RTx) relies on immunosuppression and an optimal surgical course with few surgical complications. Studies reporting the postoperative complications after RTx are heterogeneous and often lack systematic reporting of complications. This study aims to describe and identify postoperative short-term and long-term complications after RTx in a large institutional cohort and identify risk factors for a complicated surgical course.

Methods.
The study is a retrospective single-center cohort of 571 recipients who underwent living or deceased donor open RTx between 2014 and 2021. Data were collected on background information and perioperative and postoperative data. Complications were defined as short-term (<30 d) or long-term (>30 d) after transplantation and graded according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to evaluate risk factors for serious short-term complications and multivariable time-dependent Cox regression to evaluate risk factors for long-term complications.

Results.
A total of 351 patients received a graft from a deceased donor, and 144 of these grafts were on perfusion machine before transplantation. One or more short-term complications occurred in 345 (60%) patients. Previous RTx was associated with short-term Clavien-Dindo >2 complications in recipients (odds ratio = 2.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18-3.69; P = 0.01). Being underweight (body mass index <18.5) in combination with increasing age increased the odds of short-term Clavien-Dindo >2 and vascular complications. Increasing blood loss per 100 mL was associated with increased odds of short-term Clavien-Dindo >2 (odds ratio = 1.11; 95% CI, 1.01-1.21; P = 0.032). No associations were found for long-term complications after RTx. The 5-y cumulative incidence of graft loss was 12.6% (95% CI, 8.9-16.3).

Conclusions.
Short-term complications are common after RTx, and risk factors for severe short-term complications include previous RTx, increasing age, and low body mass index. No risk factors were identified for severe long-term complications. Further studies should explore whether new surgical techniques can reduce surgical complications in RTx.
Pancreas Transplantation Outcome Predictions—PTOP: A Risk Prediction Tool for Pancreas and Pancreas-Kidney Transplants Based on a European Cohort
Authors: Miller Gregor , Ankerst Donna P. , Kattan Michael W. , Hüser Norbert , Stocker Felix , Vogelaar Serge , van Bruchem Milou , Assfalg Volker 
Published: May 2024

Background.
For patients with complicated type 1 diabetes having, for example, hypoglycemia unawareness and end-stage renal disease because of diabetic nephropathy, combined pancreas and kidney transplantation (PKT) is the therapy of choice. However, the shortage of available grafts and complex impact of risk factors call for individualized, impartial predictions of PKT and pancreas transplantation (PT) outcomes to support physicians in graft acceptance decisions.

Methods.
Based on a large European cohort with 3060 PKT and PT performed between 2006 and 2021, the 3 primary patient outcomes time to patient mortality, pancreas graft loss, and kidney graft loss were visualized using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were developed for 5- and 10-y prediction of outcomes based on 26 risk factors.

Results.
Risk factors associated with increased mortality included previous kidney transplants, rescue allocations, longer waiting times, and simultaneous transplants of other organs. Increased pancreas graft loss was positively associated with higher recipient body mass index and donor age and negatively associated with simultaneous transplants of kidneys and other organs. Donor age was also associated with increased kidney graft losses. The multivariable Cox models reported median C-index values were 63% for patient mortality, 62% for pancreas loss, and 55% for kidney loss.

Conclusions.
This study provides an online risk tool at https://riskcalc.org/ptop for individual 5- and 10-y post-PKT and PT patient outcomes based on parameters available at the time of graft offer to support critical organ acceptance decisions and encourage external validation in independent populations.
Embryonic diversification of adult neural stem cells and ependymal cells
Authors: Yamaguchi Shima , Kuniya Takaaki , Omiya Hanae , Suzuki Yutaka , Seki Masahide , Ukai Hideki , Fang Lingyan , Harada Yujin , Kawaguchi Daichi , Gotoh Yukiko 
Published: May 2024

SUMMARYBoth adult neural stem (type B) cells and ependymal (type E) cells in the mouse ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) are derived from slowly dividing (or quiescent) embryonic neural stem-progenitor cells (NPCs) that are set aside during development. However, it has remained unclear whether fate diversification between adult type B and type E cells actually occurs during embryogenesis. Here we performed single-cell transcriptomic analysis of slowly dividing embryonic NPCs and identified cell subpopulations transcriptionally similar to adult type B or type E cells. The type B- like embryonic cells appeared to emerge before embryonic day (E) 13.5, whereas the type E-like cells became evident between E13.5 and E16.5. Genes differentially expressed in B-like embryonic cells (versus E-like cells) includedTmem100,Cadm2, and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-induced genes. Forced expression of an active form of BMP receptor (ALK2QD), TMEM100, or CADM2 in embryonic NPCs resulted in preferential generation of adult type B cells relative to type E cells in the postnatal brain. Moreover, knockdown of TMEM100 resulted in relative enrichment of type E cells over type B cells. Our results indicate that the embryonic origin of adult type B cells and that of type E cells have already diverged molecularly during embryogenesis, and they have identified key molecular players in this fate bifurcation.
The role of noise in the tumour-immune interactions reveals memoryless shifting response
Authors: Alharbi Yamen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the present study, the effects of randomness on the model of the immune and cancer cells is discussed. First, we uncover the existence of a bistable response in this interaction where portion of population are cancerous cells. We then discuss how the individual variation within these cells can affect this bistable response. The dominance duration of the tumour and immune cells are highlighted. We calculated the mean of the elimination time of the tumour cells and how can be affected by some key parameters. The analysis reveals that the switching from a stable state to another has a memoryless property.
Neuroinflammation at the Grey-White Matter Interface in Active-Duty United States Special Operations Forces
Authors: Edlow Brian L. , Tseng Chieh-En J. , Gilmore Natalie , McKinney Isabella R. , Tromly Samantha L. , Deary Katryna B. , Hu Collin G. , Healy Brian C. , Mac Donald Christine L. , Dams-O’Connor Kristen , Greve Douglas N. , Bodien Yelena G. , Perl Daniel P. , Hooker Jacob M. , Zürcher Nicole R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEmerging evidence from autopsy studies indicates that interface astroglial scarring (IAS) at the grey-white matter junction is a pathological signature of repeated blast brain injury in military personnel. However, there is currently no neuroimaging test that detects IAS, which is a major barrier to diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. In 27 active-duty United States Special Operations Forces personnel with high levels of cumulative blast exposure, we performed translocator protein (TSPO) positron emission tomography (PET) using [11C]PBR28 to detect neuroinflammation at the cortical grey-white matter interface, a neuroanatomic location where IAS has been reported in autopsy studies. TSPO signal in individual Operators was compared to the mean TSPO signal in a control group of 9 healthy civilian volunteers. We identified five Operators with TSPO signal at the cortical grey-white matter interface that was more than two standard deviations above the control mean. Cumulative blast exposure, as measured by the Generalized Blast Exposure Value, did not differ between the five Operators with elevated TSPO signal and the 22 Operators without elevated TSPO signal. While the pathophysiologic link between neuroinflammation and IAS remains uncertain, these observations provide the basis for further investigation into TSPO PET as a potential biomarker of repeated blast brain injury.DisclaimerThe views expressed in this manuscript are entirely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views, policy, or position of the United States Government, Department of Defense, or United States Special Operations Command, or the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences.
Benchmarking Machine Learning Missing Data Imputation Methods in Large-Scale Mental Health Survey Databases
Authors: Prakash Preethi , Street Kelly , Narayanan Shrikanth , Fernandez Bridget A. , Shen Yufeng , Shu Chang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDatabases with mental and behavioral health surveys suffer from missingness when participants skip the entire survey, affecting the data quality and sample size. We investigated the missing data patterns and evaluate the imputation performance in Simons Powering Autism Research (SPARK), a large-scale autism cohort consists of over 117,000 participants. Four common methods were assessed – Multiple Imputation by Chained Equations (MICE), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), MissForest, and Multiple Imputation with Denoising Autoencoders (MIDAS). In a complete subset of 15,196 autism participants, we simulated three types of missingness patterns. We observed that MIDAS and KNN performed the best as the rate of random missingness increased and when blockwise missingness was simulated. The average computational times for MIDAS and KNN were 10 minutes, 35 minutes for MissForest, and 290 minutes for MICE. MIDAS and KNN both provide promising imputation performance in mental and behavioral health survey data that exhibit blockwise missingness patterns.
Auranofin and reactive oxygen species inhibit protein synthesis and regulate the level of the PLK1 protein in Ewing sarcoma cells
Authors: Haight Joseph A. , Koppenhafer Stacia L. , Geary Elizabeth L. , Gordon David J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNovel therapeutic approaches are needed for the treatment of Ewing sarcoma tumors. We previously identified that Ewing sarcoma cell lines are sensitive to drugs that inhibit protein translation. However, translational and therapeutic approaches to inhibit protein synthesis in tumors are limited. In this work, we identified that reactive oxygen species, which are generated by a wide range of chemotherapy and other drugs, inhibit protein synthesis and reduce the level of critical proteins that support tumorigenesis in Ewing sarcoma cells. In particular, we identified that both hydrogen peroxide and auranofin, an inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase and regulator of oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species, activate the repressor of protein translation 4E-BP1 and reduce the levels of the oncogenic proteins RRM2 and PLK1 in Ewing and other sarcoma cell lines. These results provide novel insight into the mechanism of how ROS-inducing drugs target cancer cells via inhibition of protein translation and identify a mechanistic link between ROS and the DNA replication (RRM2) and cell cycle regulatory (PLK1) pathways.