bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Onychomadesis after a hand, foot, and mouth disease outbreak in Spain, 2009
Authors: CABRERIZO M. , DE MIGUEL T. , ARMADA A. , MARTÍNEZ-RISCO R. , POUSA A. , TRALLERO G. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYFew reports exist regarding the association between onychomadesis and an enterovirus infection presenting clinically as hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). In February 2009, an outbreak of HFMD occurred in a Spanish nursery school, followed by onychomadesis 36–69 days later. Twelve of 17 children with HFMD developed nail shedding; enterovirus was detected in stool samples from eight (47%) of the 17. However, in only three of the children could an enterovirus serotype coxsackievirus B1 be identified. The epidemiological results of this study confirm onychomadesis as a complication in HFMD. In future outbreaks, molecular characterization of enterovirus from appropriate clinical samples should be studied.
Plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in meat eaters, fish eaters, vegetarians and vegans: results from the EPIC–Oxford study
Authors: Crowe Francesca L , Steur Marinka , Allen Naomi E , Appleby Paul N , Travis Ruth C , Key Timothy J 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectiveVegetarians and vegans exclude certain food sources of vitamin D from their diet, but it is not clear to what extent this affects plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). The objective was to investigate differences in vitamin D intake and plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D among meat eaters, fish eaters, vegetarians and vegans.DesignA cross-sectional analysis.SettingUnited Kingdom.SubjectsPlasma 25(OH)D concentrations were measured in 2107 white men and women (1388 meat eaters, 210 fish eaters, 420 vegetarians and eighty-nine vegans) aged 20–76 years from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)–Oxford cohort.ResultsPlasma 25(OH)D concentrations reflected the degree of animal product exclusion and, hence, dietary intake of vitamin D; meat eaters had the highest mean intake of vitamin D (3·1 (95 % CI 3·0, 3·2) μg/d) and mean plasma 25(OH)D concentrations (77·0 (95 % CI 75·4, 78·8) nmol/l) and vegans the lowest (0·7 (95 % CI 0·6, 0·8) μg/d and 55·8 (95 % CI 51·0, 61·0) nmol/l, respectively). The magnitude of difference in 25(OH)D concentrations between meat eaters and vegans was smaller (20 %) among those participants who had a blood sample collected during the summer months (July–September) compared with the winter months (38 %; January–March). The prevalence of low plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D (<25 nmol/l) during the winter and spring ranged from <1 % to 8 % across the diet groups.ConclusionsPlasma 25(OH)D concentrations were lower in vegetarians and vegans than in meat and fish eaters; diet is an important determinant of plasma 25(OH)D in this British population.
Eating and weight concerns among Sikkimese adolescent girls and their biocultural correlates: an exploratory study
Authors: Mishra Shailendra K , Mukhopadhyay Susmita 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectivesGrowing concern about ideal body image among adolescent girls in developing countries has led them to follow dietary modifications. In general, the ideal body image is perceived as a ‘thin body’ and now tagged with the concept of being physically fit. The present study evaluates the prevalence of weight concerns, and subsequent eating behaviour modifications among a group of adolescent girls in Sikkim.DesignPre-tested FFQ and dietary behaviour questionnaire were canvassed through direct interviews. Anthropometric measurements were taken following standard techniques. In the present study, dieting stands for skipping meals or avoiding certain food items.SettingSikkim, India.SubjectsA total of 577 girls were selected from several blocks of all four districts of Sikkim.ResultsThe results of the study show that concern with weight reduction is growing among adolescent girls, particularly among urban girls of affluent families. Girls from families with a higher economic status are about two times more likely to report dissatisfaction with their body weight (OR = 1·96; P ≤ 0·05) and these girls are five times more likely to report the need for dieting.ConclusionsIt is evident that weight concern and dissatisfaction over body weight are growing among adolescents. It can be safely argued that eating disorder, once a problem of the Western world, is now slowly creeping in among adolescents of the developing world as a consequence of rapid lifestyle changes over the past few decades.
A qualitative evaluation of an Australian public health nutrition workforce development intervention involving mentoring circles
Authors: Palermo Claire , Hughes Roger , McCall Louise 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate a mentoring circle workforce development intervention among a group of public health nutrition novices.DesignThe mentoring circle intervention focused on facilitating practice-based public health nutrition competence development and supporting reorientation of practice from clinical services to preventive services. A retrospective post-intervention qualitative semi-structured interview was used to explore the experiences of those participating in the mentoring circle and to make evaluative judgements about intervention attributes and effectiveness.SettingVictoria, Australia.SubjectsThirty-two novice public health nutrition practitioners employed in the state public health system.ResultsKey evaluative theme categories relating to the mentoring circle intervention were identified, including the structure and function of the group, the utility of using advanced-level competency items to guide planning, having a safe and supportive environment for learning and the utility of learning via mentoring and on-the-job experiences. These qualitative evaluation data identify the attributes of the mentoring circle intervention contributing to intervention effectiveness.ConclusionsThis qualitative evaluation indicates that mentoring circles can be an effective workforce capacity-building intervention, particularly in novice workforces characterised by professional isolation and split function roles.
Grocery purchasing among older adults by chewing ability, dietary knowledge and socio-economic status
Authors: Brennan David S , Singh Kiran A 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectivesNutrition plays a central role in health, with poor dietary habits and nutritional intake being associated with a range of chronic diseases. The aim was to examine grocery purchasing behaviour in relation to chewing ability, dietary knowledge and socio-economic status (SES) among older adults.DesignData were collected by mailed survey in 2008. Grocery purchasing was measured using a sixteen-item index of compliance of food purchasing with dietary guidelines. Self-reported number of teeth was classified as an inadequate dentition if less than twenty-one teeth were present. Chewing ability was based on a five-item chewing index. Dietary knowledge was collected using twenty true/false items. SES was assessed using a subjective social status rating representing where people stand in society.SettingPopulation survey in Adelaide, South Australia.SubjectsAdults aged 60–71 years.ResultsResponses were collected from 444 persons (response rate = 68·8 %). Among dentate persons, 24·4 % had an inadequate dentition with 10·3 % defined as ‘chewing deficient’. Multivariate regression coefficients adjusted for age, sex and income showed chewing deficiency (−5·8) and low SES (−3·6) was associated (P < 0·05) with lower grocery purchasing scores, but dietary knowledge was not statistically significant.ConclusionsFor older adults, chewing deficiency and lower social status were associated with lower compliance with dietary guidelines, independent of dietary knowledge.
Adherence to the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations as a measure of a healthy diet and upper respiratory tract infection
Authors: Fondell Elinor , Christensen Sara E , Bälter Olle , Bälter Katarina 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe Nordic countries have published joint dietary recommendations, the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR), since 1980. We evaluated adherence to the NNR as a measure of a healthy diet and its potential association with self-reported upper respiratory tract infection (URTI).DesignA prospective, population-based study with a follow-up period of 4 months. Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative FFQ with ninety-six items, along with other lifestyle factors, at baseline. URTI was assessed every three weeks. A Poisson regression model was used to control for age, sex and other confounding factors.SettingA middle-sized county in northern Sweden.SubjectsSwedish men and women (n1509) aged 20–60 years.ResultsThe NNR include recommendations on macronutrient proportions, physical activity and intake of micronutrients, sodium, fibre and alcohol. We found that overall adherence to the NNR was moderately good. In addition, we found that high adherence to the NNR (>5·5 adherence points) was not associated with a lower risk of URTI (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0·89, 95 % CI 0·73, 1·08) compared with low adherence (<4·5 adherence points). When investigating individual components of the NNR, only high physical activity was associated with lower URTI risk (IRR = 0·82, 95 % CI 0·69, 0·97) whereas none of the dietary components were associated with risk of URTI.ConclusionsOverall adherence to the NNR was moderately good. Overall adherence to the NNR was not associated with URTI risk in our study. However, when investigating individual components of the NNR, we found that high physical activity was associated with lower URTI risk.
GROWTH OF GENERATING SETS FOR DIRECT POWERS OF CLASSICAL ALGEBRAIC STRUCTURES
Authors: QUICK MARTYN , RUŠKUC N. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFor an algebraic structure A denote byd(A) the smallest size of a generating set for A, and letd(A)=(d(A),d(A2),d(A3),…), where An denotes a direct power of A. In this paper we investigate the asymptotic behaviour of the sequenced(A) when A is one of the classical structures—a group, ring, module, algebra or Lie algebra. We show that if A is finite thend(A) grows either linearly or logarithmically. In the infinite case constant growth becomes another possibility; in particular, if A is an infinite simple structure belonging to one of the above classes thend(A) is eventually constant. Where appropriate we frame our exposition within the general theory of congruence permutable varieties.
KOSZUL DUALITY FOR STRATIFIED ALGEBRAS II. STANDARDLY STRATIFIED ALGEBRAS
Authors: MAZORCHUK VOLODYMYR 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe give a complete picture of the interaction between the Koszul and Ringel dualities for graded standardly stratified algebras (in the sense of Cline, Parshall and Scott) admitting linear tilting (co)resolutions of standard and proper costandard modules. We single out a certain class of graded standardly stratified algebras, imposing the condition that standard filtrations of projective modules are finite, and develop a tilting theory for such algebras. Under the assumption on existence of linear tilting (co)resolutions we show that algebras from this class are Koszul, that both the Ringel and Koszul duals belong to the same class, and that these two dualities on this class commute.
Incentives, health promotion and equality
Authors: Voigt Kristin 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe use of incentives to encourage individuals to adopt ‘healthier’ behaviours is an increasingly popular instrument in health policy. Much of the literature has been critical of ‘negative’ incentives, often due to concerns about equality; ‘positive’ incentives, however, have largely been welcomed as an instrument for the improvement of population health and possibly the reduction of health inequalities. The aim of this paper is to provide a more systematic assessment of the use of incentives from the perspective of equality. The paper begins with an overview of existing and proposed incentive schemes. I then suggest that the distinction between ‘positive’ and ‘negative’ incentives – or ‘carrots’ and ‘sticks’ – is of limited use in distinguishing those incentive schemes that raise concerns of equality from those that do not. The paper assesses incentive schemes with respect to two important considerations of equality: equality of access and equality of outcomes. While our assessment of incentive schemes will, ultimately, depend on various empirical facts, the paper aims to advance the debate by identifying some of the empirical questions we need to ask. The paper concludes by considering a number of trade-offs and caveats relevant to the assessment of incentive schemes.
Natural occurrence and physiological role of a truncated eIF4E in the porcine endometrium during implantation
Authors: Wollenhaupt Karin , Reinke Kati , Brüssow Klaus-Peter , Albrecht Dirk , Tiemann Ute , Seyfert Hans-Martin , Tomek Wolfgang 
Published: September 2010

The present study is the first report providing evidence for a physiological role of a truncated form of the mRNA cap-binding protein eIF4E1 (eukaryotic initiation factor 4E1). Our initial observation was that eIF4E, which mediates the mRNA cap function by recruiting the eIF4F complex (composed of eIF4E, 4G and 4A), occurs in two forms in porcine endometrial tissue in a strictly temporally restricted fashion. The ubiquitous prototypical 25 kDa form of eIF4E was found in ovariectomized and cyclic animals. A new stable 23 kDa variant, however, is predominant during early pregnancy at the time of implantation. Northern blotting, cDNA sequence analysis, in vitro protease assays and MS showed that the 23 kDa form does not belong to a new class of eIF4E proteins. It represents a proteolytically processed variant of eIF4E1, lacking not more than 21 amino acids at the N-terminus. Steroid replacements indicated that progesterone in combination with 17β-oestradiol induced the formation of the 23 kDa eIF4E. Modified cell-free translation systems mimicking the situation in the endometrium revealed that, besides eIF4E, eIF4G was also truncated, but not eIF4A or PABP [poly(A)-binding protein]. The 23 kDa form of eIF4E reduced the repressive function of 4E-BP1 (eIF4E-binding protein 1) and the truncated eIF4G lacked the PABP-binding site. Thus we suggest that the truncated eIF4E provides an alternative regulation mechanism by an altered dynamic of eIF4E/4E-BP1 binding under conditions where 4E-BP1 is hypophosphorylated. Together with the impaired eIF4G–PABP interaction, the modified translational initiation might particularly regulate protein synthesis during conceptus attachment at the time of implantation.
Response of Colorado River runoff to dust radiative forcing in snow
Authors: Painter Thomas H. , Deems Jeffrey S. , Belnap Jayne , Hamlet Alan F. , Landry Christopher C. , Udall Bradley 
Published: September 2010

The waters of the Colorado River serve 27 million people in seven states and two countries but are overallocated by more than 10% of the river’s historical mean. Climate models project runoff losses of 7–20% from the basin in this century due to human-induced climate change. Recent work has shown however that by the late 1800s, decades prior to allocation of the river’s runoff in the 1920s, a fivefold increase in dust loading from anthropogenically disturbed soils in the southwest United States was already decreasing snow albedo and shortening the duration of snow cover by several weeks. The degree to which this increase in radiative forcing by dust in snow has affected timing and magnitude of runoff from the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB) is unknown. Here we use the Variable Infiltration Capacity model with postdisturbance and predisturbance impacts of dust on albedo to estimate the impact on runoff from the UCRB across 1916–2003. We find that peak runoff at Lees Ferry, Arizona has occurred on average 3 wk earlier under heavier dust loading and that increases in evapotranspiration from earlier exposure of vegetation and soils decreases annual runoff by more than 1.0 billion cubic meters or ∼5% of the annual average. The potential to reduce dust loading through surface stabilization in the deserts and restore more persistent snow cover, slow runoff, and increase water resources in the UCRB may represent an important mitigation opportunity to reduce system management tensions and regional impacts of climate change.
Storage of nuclear magnetization as long-lived singlet order in low magnetic field
Authors: Pileio Giuseppe , Carravetta Marina , Levitt Malcolm H. 
Published: September 2010

Hyperpolarized nuclear states provide NMR signals enhanced by many orders of magnitude, with numerous potential applications to analytical NMR, in vivo NMR, and NMR imaging. However, the lifetime of hyperpolarized magnetization is normally limited by the relaxation time constant
T
1
, which lies in the range of milliseconds to minutes, apart from in exceptional cases. In many cases, the lifetime of the hyperpolarized state may be enhanced by converting the magnetization into nuclear singlet order, where it is protected against many common relaxation mechanisms. However, all current methods for converting magnetization into singlet order require the use of a high-field, high-homogeneity NMR magnet, which is incompatible with most hyperpolarization procedures. We demonstrate a new method for converting magnetization into singlet order and back again. The new technique is suitable for magnetically inequivalent spin-pair systems in weak and inhomogeneous magnetic fields, and is compatible with known hyperpolarization technology. The method involves audio-frequency pulsed irradiation at the low-field nuclear Larmor frequency, employing coupling-synchronized trains of 180° pulses to induce singlet–triplet transitions. The echo trains are used as building blocks for a pulse sequence called M2S that transforms longitudinal magnetization into long-lived singlet order. The time-reverse of the pulse sequence, called S2M, converts singlet order back into longitudinal magnetization. The method is demonstrated on a solution of
15
N-labeled nitrous oxide. The magnetization is stored in low magnetic field for over 30 min, even though the
T
1
is less than 3 min under the same conditions.
Reconstructing a solid-solid phase transformation pathway in CdSe nanosheets with associated soft ligands
Authors: Wang Zhongwu , Wen Xiao-Dong , Hoffmann Roald , Son Jae Sung , Li Ruipeng , Fang Chia-Chen , Smilgies Detlef-M. , Hyeon Taeghwan 
Published: September 2010

Integrated single-crystal-like small and wide-angle X-ray diffraction images of a CdSe nanosheet under pressure provide direct experimental evidence for the detailed pathway of transformation of the CdSe from a wurtzite to a rock-salt structure. Two consecutive planar atomic slips [(001) 〈110〉 in parallel and (102)

with a distortion angle of ∼40°] convert the wurtzite-based nanosheet into a saw-like rock-salt nanolayer. The transformation pressure is three times that in the bulk CdSe crystal. Theoretical calculations are in accord with the mechanism and the change in transformation pressure, and point to the critical role of the coordinated amines. Soft ligands not only increase the stability of the wurtzite structure, but also improve its elastic strength and fracture toughness. A ligand extension of 2.3 nm appears to be the critical dimension for a turning point in stress distribution, leading to the formation of wurtzite (001)/zinc-blende (111) stacking faults before rock-salt nucleation.
Diplodus spp. on artificial reefs of different ages: influence of the associated macrobenthic community
Authors: Santos Miguel N. , Leitão Francisco , Moura Ana , Cerqueira Marco , Monteiro Carlos C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSantos, M. N., Leitão, F., Moura, A., Cerqueira, M., and Monteiro, C. C. 2011. Diplodus spp. on artificial reefs of different ages: influence of the associated macrobenthic community. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 87–97. Although artificial reefs (ARs) have been deployed and studied worldwide, few studies have attempted to link the benthic community to fish populations. Three AR fish species (Diplodus bellottii, D. sargus, and D. vulgaris) were tested for the influence of the macrobenthic community at three similar ARs deployed in 1990, 1998, and 2002 off the Algarve (southern Portugal). Diplodus sargus density and biomass differed across ARs, and for D. bellottii and D. vulgaris, higher densities and biomass were observed between the oldest and the youngest ARs. The total available benthic biomass did not differ across habitat age, but the composition of macrofauna differed between older and the most recently deployed AR. The results underscore the importance of within-reef-age benthic composition variability as a determinant factor in structuring local fish populations. As the Algarve AR complex consists of reefs deployed at different times and having different benthic communities, management needs to focus more effort on conserving entire habitats rather than exclusively on maintaining the sustainability of fish resources. Hence, management plans for these areas need to be developed on a site-specific basis, according to the fish and macrobenthic community specificities.
Nitric Oxide Is Associated with Long-Term Zinc Tolerance in Solanum nigrum
Authors: Xu Jin , Yin Hengxia , Li Yulong , Liu Xiaojing 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has been identified as a signal molecule that interplays with reactive oxygen species in response to heavy metal stresses. Roles of NO in regulating cadmium toxicity and iron deficiency have been proposed; however, the function of NO in zinc (Zn) tolerance in plants remains unclear. Here, we investigated NO accumulation and its role in plant Zn tolerance. Zn-induced NO production promoted an increase in reactive oxygen species accumulation in Solanum nigrum roots by modulating the expression and activity of antioxidative enzymes. Subsequently, programmed cell death (PCD) was observed in primary root tips. Inhibiting NO accumulation by 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-imidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (a specific NO scavenger) or NG-nitro-l-arginine-methyl ester (a NO synthase inhibitor) prevented the increase of superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide as well as the subsequent cell death in the root tips, supporting the role of NO in Zn-induced PCD in the root tips. Zn-induced NO production affected the length of primary roots, the number of lateral roots, and root hair growth and thereby modulated root system architecture and activity. Investigation of metal contents in Zn-treated roots suggests that NO is required for metal (especially iron) uptake and homeostasis in plants exposed to excess Zn. Taken together, our results indicate that NO production and the subsequent PCD in root tips exposed to excess Zn are favorable for the S. nigrum seedling response to long-term Zn toxicity by modulating root system architecture and subsequent adaptation to Zn stress.