bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dental Arch Relationships in Turkish Patients with Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Born between 1976 and 1990: A Comparison with Eurocleft
Authors: Dogan Servet , Semb Gunvor , Erbay Elif , Alcan Toros , Uzel Ash , Kocadereli Ilken , Shaw William C. 
Published: July 2012

Objective To compare the dental arch relationships of Turkish patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) with the results reported for participants in the Eurocleft study. Patients Study models of 109 patients with complete UCLP from five university clinics in Turkey were evaluated (clinic A = 25 patients, clinic B = 23 patients, clinic C = 20 patients, clinic D = 21 patients, and clinic E = 20 patients). The mean age of the patient cohort was nine years old (range = 8–11 years old), and the cohort was born between 1976 and 1990. Methods The examiners rated the three-dimensional (3D) models using the GOSLON Yardstick. The scores were compared with those from the Eurocleft centers: E1(B), E2(E), E3(A), E4(F), E5(C), and E6(D). Intra- and interexaminer agreements were evaluated using weighted kappa statistics. Results The mean GOSLON scores for the Turkish clinics were as follows: clinic A = 3.16, clinic B = 3.13, clinic C = 3.25, clinic D = 3.67, and clinic E = 3.70. Scores for three of the Turkish clinics (A, B, and C) were significantly worse than the scores for the three best Eurocleft centers, E1(B), E2(E), and E3(A) ( P < .001, P < .001, and P < .05, respectively). Scores for two of the Turkish clinics (D and E) were similar to those for Eurocleft center E6(D) but worse than the scores for the other Eurocleft centers ( P < .01, P < .001, respectively). Conclusions This was the first study in which three-dimensional models were used to derive scores to compare with those of the Eurocleft centers. According to the results of analysis of 109 3D models, 50.4 % of the patients in Turkey were classified as GOSLON score 4 and 5. This may have been attributable to poor surgical procedures, low-volume surgeons, and the decentralized treatment approach in Turkey between 1985 and 2000. Further research is needed to assess the situation in Turkey in more recent years.
Glycohistochemical characterization of histologically normal nasal mucosa and enzootic nasal tumor of sheep
Authors: Scocco Paola , Lepri Elvio , Mercati Francesca , Vitellozzi Giovanni , Mechelli Luca , Ceccarelli Piero 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Objective—To determine glycohistochemical characteristics of enzootic nasal tumors (ENTs) of sheep, compare results for ENT with those of histologically normal nasal mucosa of sheep, and identify the histologic origin of ENT.
Sample—ENT and nasal mucosa samples obtained from cadavers of 5 adult Lacaune sheep with ENT and 5 Lacaune sheep unaffected by ENT, respectively.
Procedures—Samples of ENT and nasal mucosa were collected from cadavers of sheep and sectioned. Conventional and lectin histochemical analyses were used to identify glycoconjugates in tissue sections on the basis of their principal chemical groups and principal terminal or internal oligosaccharidic glucidic residues, respectively.
Results—ENTs had papillary and tubular portions. Cells in the papillary portion of ENTs had secretion and surface glycoconjugates, which included sulfated glycosaminoglycans and neutral and sialilated glycoproteins. Cells in the tubular portion of ENTs had surface glycoconjugates, which included neutral and sialilated glycoproteins. Both portions of ENTs had C4-acetylated sialoderivatives that were not detected in sections of histologically normal nasal mucosa.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The papillary portion of ENTs in sheep may originate from respiratory glands and goblet cells. The tubular portion of ENTs in sheep may originate from olfactory glands. Presence of C4-acetylated sialoderivatives in cells of ENTs could confer resistance against pathogens to those cells.
Use of electrical stimulation to monitor lumbosacral epidural and intrathecal needle placement in rabbits
Authors: Otero Pablo E. , Portela Diego A. , Brinkyer Javier A. , Tarragona Lisa , Zaccagnini Andrea S. , Fuensalida Santiago E. , Ceballos Martín R. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Objective—To determine the minimal electric threshold of neurostimulation dorsally and ventrally to the interarcuate ligament in the lumbosacral area necessary to cause muscle contraction of the hind limb or tail and determine whether a continuous electrical stimulation applied to an insulated needle during lumbosacral epidural needle placement could be used to distinguish the epidural from the intrathecal space in rabbits.
Animals—24 New Zealand white rabbits.
Procedures—Rabbits received iohexol (0.2 mL/kg) either dorsally (group 1) or ventrally to the interarcuate ligament in the lumbosacral area (groups 2 and 3). Correct placement of the needle was determined by use of the loss of resistance to injection technique (group 2) or a continuous electrical stimulation (group 3) and confirmed by examination of the iohexol distribution pattern on radiographs.
Results—In all rabbits of group 1, iohexol was injected in the lumbosacral area, outside the epidural space. In groups 2 and 3, iohexol was injected intrathecally. No pure iohexol epidural migration of iohexol was observed. Mean ± SD minimal electric threshold to elicit a motor response was 1.2 ± 0.3 mA, 0.3 ± 0.1 mA, and 0.3 ± 0.1 mA in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Neurostimulation was a useful technique to determine correct intrathecal needle placement in rabbits but failed to detect the lumbosacral epidural space when the common technique, used in dogs and cats for the lumbosacral epidural approach, was used.
Kinetic and kinematic analysis of the right hind limb during trotting on a treadmill in Labrador Retrievers presumed predisposed or not predisposed to cranial cruciate ligament disease
Authors: Ragetly Chantal A. , Griffon Dominique J. , Hsu M. K. Iris , Klump L. Michaela , Hsiao-Wecksler Elizabeth T. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Objective—To identify gait characteristics during trotting on a treadmill in nonlame Labrador Retrievers presumed predisposed or not predisposed to cranial cruciate ligament disease (CCLD).
Animals—Clinically normal Labrador Retrievers presumed predisposed (n = 10) or not predisposed (7) to CCLD.
Procedures—The right hind limb of each dog was classified by use of a predictive score equation that combined tibial plateau angle and femoral anteversion angle as presumed predisposed (high score [> −1.5]) or not predisposed (low score [≤ −1.5]) to CCLD. Tarsal joint, stifle joint, and hip joint kinematics, net moments, and powers were computed.
Results—The stifle joint was held at a greater degree of flexion in limbs presumed predisposed to CCLD (130.9° vs 139.3°). More power was generated by muscles acting on the stifle joint in the early stance phase of limbs presumed to be predisposed to CCLD (2.93 vs 1.64 W/kg). The tarsal joint did not reach the same degree of extension in limbs presumed predisposed to CCLD, compared with that in limbs presumed not predisposed to CCLD (179.0° vs 161.0°). Velocity, stance time, vertical and craniocaudal forces, angular velocities, and net joint muscle moments did not differ between groups.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Gait mechanics of dogs with high (> −1.5) and low (≤ −1.5) tibial plateau angle and femoral anteversion angle scores were characterized on a treadmill, which may help in the identification of dogs predisposed to CCLD.
Vatican II : 50 ans après. Un appel au dialogue des sages
Authors: d’Ornellas Pierre 
Published: July 2012

Résumé L’appel au « dialogue », voulu par le concile Vatican II, porté par Paul VI, a été relayé par Jean-Paul II puis, aujourd’hui, par Benoît XVI, selon la logique propre au dialogue interreligieux. Le concept de loi naturelle, peu directement mentionné par le dernier Concile, est utile en ce sens. Il permet de comprendre en quel sens la notion d’autonomie est recevable. Il fonde ce que l’on peut appeler une « éthique universelle ». Sagesse et raison sont, dans ce contexte, deux notions clés, telles que la Commission théologique internationale a pu en parler. Ce dialogue est, bien évidemment, nourri par la Bible et éclairé par l’Esprit. Une herméneutique de la continuité est ainsi dessinée.
La guerre de Sécession au large de Cherbourg
Authors: Ameur Farid 
Published: July 2012

Résumé Le dimanche 19 juin 1864, le css Alabama , un corsaire confédéré, est coulé au large de Cherbourg à l’issue d’un duel mémorable qui l’a opposé à l’ uss Kearsarge , une frégate de la marine fédérale. S’il paraît aujourd’hui relever de l’anecdote, cet épisode insolite de la guerre de Sécession aura causé de sérieux embarras aux autorités françaises en les contraignant, malgré toute leur bienveillance envers le Sud, d’appliquer à la lettre les règles de la neutralité entre les belligérants, ne serait-ce que pour veiller à l’inviolabilité des eaux territoriales. Surtout, la ligne de conduite que le Gouvernement impérial s’est efforcé de suivre tant bien que mal pour éviter de fâcheuses complications diplomatiques témoigne du vif intérêt que Napoléon III, accaparé par son rêve mexicain, porte alors aux événements américains.
Business Incubators in China: An Inquiry into the Variables Associated with Incubatee Success
Authors: Zhang Haiyang , Sonobe Tetsushi 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
This paper examines the association between the outcome of business incubation and the resources used by incubators, by using a small panel of science and technology business incubators (STBIs) in China. We find that while the number of firms graduating from an STBI is closely correlated with the infrastructure as well as the human and financial resources at the STBI’s disposal, the graduates’ firm sizes, in terms of employment and value added, as well as their labor productivity are unrelated to such resource inputs. We also find that the educational levels of incubator managers and the financial support given to their clients have significant impacts on the number of graduates. However, the number of graduates does not increase with the scale and diversity of the cities in which their STBIs are located or with the presence of foreign ventures and universities in the locality. We do not find that universitybased and government-established STBIs differ significantly in their incubation performance.
Differentiation of Malignant Melanoma From Benign Nevus Using a Novel Genomic Microarray With Low Specimen Requirements
Authors: Chandler Wells M. , Rowe Leslie R. , Florell Scott R. , Jahromi Mona S. , Schiffman Joshua D. , South Sarah T. 
Published: July 2012

Context.—Histologic examination of clinically suspicious melanocytic lesions is very sensitive and specific for the detection of malignant melanoma. Yet, the malignant potential of a small percentage of melanocytic lesions remains histologically uncertain. Molecular testing offers the potential to detect the genetic alterations that lead to malignant behavior without overt histologic evidence of malignancy.
Objective.—To differentiate benign melanocytic nevi from malignant melanoma and to predict the clinical course of melanocytic lesions with ambiguous histology using a novel genomic microarray.
Design.—We applied a newly developed single-nucleotide polymorphism genomic microarray to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded melanocytic lesions to differentiate benign nevi (n  =  23) from malignant melanoma (n  =  30) and to predict the clinical course of a set of histologically ambiguous melanocytic lesions (n  =  11).
Results.—For cases with unambiguous histology, there was excellent sensitivity and specificity for identifying malignant melanoma with this genomic microarray (89% sensitivity, 100% specificity). For cases with ambiguous histology, the performance of this genomic microarray was less impressive.
Conclusions.—Without microdissection and with quantities of DNA one-tenth what is required for more commonly used microarrays, this microarray can differentiate between malignant melanoma and benign melanocytic nevi. For histologically ambiguous lesions, longer clinical follow-up is needed to confidently determine the sensitivity and specificity of this microarray. Some of the previous technical hurdles to the clinical application of genomic microarray technology are being overcome, and the advantages over targeted fluorescence in situ hybridization assays currently in clinical use are becoming apparent.
Self‐assembly of Cytotoxic Peptide Amphiphiles into Supramolecular Membranes for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zha R. Helen , Sur Shantanu , Stupp Samuel I. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPeptide amphiphiles (PAs) provide a versatile platform for the design of complex and functional material constructs for biomedical applications. The hierarchical self‐assembly of PAs with biopolymers is used to create robust hybrid membranes with molecular order on the micron scale. Fabrication of membranes by assembling hyaluronic acid with positively charged PA nanostructures containing anti‐cancer PAs bearing a (KLAKLAK)2 peptide sequence is reported here. Changes in membrane microstructure as the positively charged PA nanostructures vary from cylindrical nanofibers to spherical aggregates are characterized. Results indicate that formation of highly aligned fibrous membranes requires a threshold concentration of nanofibers in solution. Additionally, variation of PA nanostructure morphology from spherical aggregates to cylindrical nanofibers allows membranes to act either as reservoirs for sustained release of cytotoxicity upon enzymatic degradation or as membranes with surface‐bound cytotoxicity, respectively. Thus, the self‐assembly processes of these PA‐biopolymer membranes can be potentially used to design delivery platforms for anti‐cancer therapeutics.
Identification of Sites of Sympathetic Outflow During Concurrent Recordings of Sympathetic Nerve Activity and fMRI
Authors: Henderson Luke A. , James Cheree , Macefield Vaughan G. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe sympathetic division of the nervous system is critical for maintaining both resting arterial pressure and for producing changes in regional perfusion required by behavioral state changes. A primary determinant of arterial pressure is the level of vasoconstriction within skeletal muscle. It is well established that there is a tight relationship between dynamic changes in arterial pressure and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) through the workings of the baroreflex. While the central circuitry underlying the baroreflex has been extensively investigated in anesthetized experimental animals, few studies have investigated the central circuitry responsible for the baroreflex in awake human subjects. Recently we were the first to record concurrently MSNA (using microneurography) and brain activity (using functional magnetic resonance imaging) in awake humans in a series of experiments designed to determine the central circuitry underlying the baroreflex in humans. We confirmed that the baroreflex involves activity changes within the nucleus tractus solitarius, caudal ventrolateral, and rostral ventrolateral medulla. Because conditions such as essential hypertension, obesity, and obstructive sleep apnea are all characterized by significant increases in resting MSNA, it is important to understand both brainstem and cortical sites involved in regulating resting levels of MSNA. Future investigations which define cortical sites involved in generating and modulating MSNA are important if we are to understand the underlying mechanisms of many conditions characterized by hypertension. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Location of the Major Ascending and Descending Spinal Cord Tracts in all Spinal Cord Segments in the Mouse: Actual and Extrapolated
Authors: Watson Charles , Harrison Megan 
Published: July 2012

AbstractInformation on the location of the major spinal cord tracts in the mouse is sparse. We have collected published data on the position of these tracts in the mouse and have used data from other mammals to identify the most likely position of tracts for which there is no mouse data. We have plotted the position of six descending tracts (corticospinal, rubrospinal, medial and lateral vestibulospinal, rostral and caudal reticulospinal) and eight ascending tracts (gracile; cuneate; postsynaptic dorsal columns; dorsolateral, lateral, and anterior spinothalamic; dorsal and ventral spinocerebellar) on diagrams of transverse sections of all mouse spinal cord segments from the first cervical to the third coccygeal segment. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Measurements of the Molar Volumes of Liquid Cs  Au Alloys
Authors: Kempf A. , Schmutzler R. W. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe paper reports on a method for density measurements, which has been used to measure the densities of liquid Cs  Au alloys up to 800°C. Strong deviations from ideal mixing behaviour have been observed in this system: The excess volume is negative and reaches at 650°C its maximum value of −22.1 cm3/mol near to the stoichiometric composition CsAu, where the mean molar volume is 27.8 cm3/mol. The partial molar volumes of Cs and Au are evaluated from the concentration dependence of the mean molar volume of the mixtures, giving values as large as − 100 cm3/mol for the partial molar volume of Au at low gold concentrations. The concentration dependence of the partial molar volumes is discussed in connection with the transition from metallic to ionic electrical transport in these alloys.
The Reversible Hydration of Carbonyl Compounds in Aqueous Solution. Part I, The Keto/Gem‐diol Equilibrium
Authors: Buschmann Hans‐Jürgen , Füldner Hans‐Hagen , Knoche Wilhelm 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe equilibrium constants of hydration (given in parenthesis) have been determined for the aliphatic aldehydes acetaldehyde (1.2), propionaldehyde (1.24), butyraldehyde (0.58), Pentanal (0.34), and hexanal (0.41), for the halogenated acetones chloracetone (0.091), fluoroacetone (0.167), and 1,1,1‐trifluoroacetone (35), and for the 1,2‐dicarbonyl compounds 2,3‐butanedione (2.1) and 2,3‐pentanedione (1.7). Comparing the constants shows, that the equilibrium of hydration of carbonyl compounds is determined mainly by the inductive effects of the substituents.
Structural and Catalytic Aspects of Functional Micelles. Ester Hydrolysis by Hydroxamic Acids bound to Cationic Surfactants
Authors: Brown John M. , Lynn Jesse L. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractHydroxamic acids (1b) and (2b) are effective catalysts for the hydrolysis of p‐nitrophenyl hexanoate (3) in mixed micelles with cetyltrimethyl‐ammonium bromide. Both surfactants show complex buffer‐dependent ionisation behaviour but their catalytic reactivity is dependent only on the concentration of conjugate anion. The concentration‐dependence of catalytic ester hydrolysis by (1b) and (2b) in the absence of added surfactant is different, the former being much more effective in very dilute solution. Mixed micelles of (1b) and (2b) and the surfactant histidine (6) react with (3) or with phenylalanine esters (7) by separate, non‐cooperative mechanisms.
Solubility Behaviour of Defective Fluorapatite and Fluorhydroxyapatites
Authors: Verbeeck R. M. H. , Thun H. P. , Driessens F. C. M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractFluorhydroxyapatites were synthesized by solid state reaction at 1000°C. They contain vacancies in the OH sublattice and are, in this respect, a good model for tooth enamel mineral. The presence of fluoride at the 0.1 to 1 ppm level reduced the solubility of these defective apatites with a factor 8 in the caries relevant range 4 < pH < 5. The simultaneous presence of Ca2+ ions, till a level similar to that in saliva, together with the F− ions in the physiological range 6.5 < pH < 7.5 suppressed the eventual decrease in solubility of these defective apatites caused by the presence of F− ions alone. Thus, the combined effect of Ca2+ and F− ions on the solubility behaviour of defective apatites is supposed to be relevant to the caries process and the caries reducing capacity of extra F− additions.
NMR Studies of the Reorientational Motion in Methanol and Methanol‐Water Mixtures
Authors: Versmold H. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDeuteron nuclear magnetic relaxation rates 1/T1have been measured as a function of temperature for the labelled methanols CH3ODand CD3OH in the neat liquids and in mixtures with H2O and D2O. It was possible to supercoole the mixtures to sufficiently low temperatures to observe relaxation rate maxima. The data are discussed in terms of a rotational diffusion model for the overall and the internal rotation. — A rather slow reorientation is performed by the hydroxyl group of methanol. This motion is strongly coupled to the fluidity of the liquids and is markedly slowed down (at constant temperature) with increasing water content. On the other hand, the methyl group performs a rather free rotation which is not influenced by the mixture composition. — A short discussion of the fast methyl rotation in terms of an “extended” internal diffusion model is given.
A Proton and Oxygen‐17 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of the Aquo Beryllium(II) Nitrate System
Authors: Frahm J. , Füldner H.‐H. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractKinetic measurements of proton and oxygen exchange of the aquo beryllium(II) ion in concentrated solutions of beryllium(II) nitrate are reported. These measurements have been performed by means of 1H spin‐echo NMR and by 17O FT‐NMR using natural abundance 17G and europium(III) nitrate as a shift reagent for the 17O bulk water line. The combination of both methods allows one to separate the contributions from protolysis and water exchange. The data obtained for water exchange are k298ex = 1.8 · 103 sec−1 (rate constant for one water molecule), ΔH+ex = 41.5 kJ mol−1, and ΔS+ex = ‐44 JK−1 mol−1. Protolytic dissociation of the aquo beryllium(II) ion is found to be approximately one order of magnitude faster than water exchange: k298d = 8 · 104 sec−1 (rate constant for the tetra aquo beryllium(II) ion). ΔH+d = 31.2 kJ mol−1, and ΔS+d = −45 JK−1 mol−1 for beryllium concentrations up to 0.2 molal.
Die Reaktionen von Acetaldehyd, Ethanol und Essigsäure an einem Rhodium/Kieselsäure‐Katalysator
Authors: Bos U. , Herzog W. , Leupold E.‐I. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDurch Thermodesorption mit massenspektrometrischer Analyse werden die Reaktionen von CH3CHO, C2H5OH und CH3COOH an einem promotierten Rh/SiO2‐Katalysator untersucht, wobei die Auswertung der linienreichen Massenspektren durch eine Rechenanlage mit Hilfe eines hierfür erstellten Programms erfolgt. Der Katalysator erweist sich bei den Reaktionen des CH3CHO als bifunktionell, indem der Träger durch Aldolkondensation die Bildung von Crotonaldehyd, Hexadienal und Oktatrienal katalysiert, während das Edelmetall den Zerfall des CH3CHO in CO und CH4 sowie den des Crotonaldehyd in CO und C3H6 verursacht. Der Träger katalysiert auch die Cyclisierung des Hexadienal zu Benzol. Verglichen mit CH3CHO erweisen sich C2H5OH und CH3COOH als wesentlich stabiler. Bei C2H5OH geht eine Dehydrierung zu CH3CHO mit anschließendem Zerfall zu CH4 und CO vonstatten. CH3COOH spaltet CO ab, wobei sich CH3OH bildet, das zu CO und H2 zerfällt.
Calculation of a Binary Solidus from the Liquidus and Minimal Additional Thermodynamic Information
Authors: Pelton A. D. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn a binary system, if the liquidus has been measured, if the thermodynamic properties of the liquid phase are known, and if the entropy of the solid phase is known or may be assumed to be ideal, then an exact thermodynamic calculation of the solidus as well as of the enthalpy of the solid can be made. The equations are derived and sample calculations are made for several systems. General relationships between binary phase diagrams and the thermodynamic properties of the phases are then developed. It is shown that a knowledge of any four of the following six quantities is sufficient to permit the other two to be calculated exactly: the solidus, the liquidus, enthalpy of the liquid, entropy of the liquid, enthalpy of the solid, entropy of the solid.