bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of nurses’ family‐centered care practises in the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: ASAI Hiromi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAim:  To identify the predictors of nurses’ family‐centered care (FCC) practises in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Japan.Methods:  A quantitative cross‐sectional survey was conducted by administrating a self‐reported questionnaire to 30 nurse managers and 710 staff nurses in 30 NICUs in Japan. A facility‐level questionnaire, including items about the philosophy, policies, and environment of the NICU, was administered to the nurse managers. The Japanese version of the Measure of Processes of Care for Service Providers and the Japanese version of the Measure of Beliefs about Participation in Family‐Centered Service were administered to the staff nurses to assess their practise of FCC and their beliefs about FCC, respectively. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and multiple regression analyses.Results:  Self‐efficacy, neonatal care experience, FCC principles, and a 24 h parental visiting policy were significant predictors of the practise of FCC. Moreover, neonatal care experience, nursing support for the family to participate in the child's care, and visits by siblings were significantly associated with nurses’ self‐efficacy to implement FCC.Conclusion:  Nurses’ self‐efficacy and hospital policies, including family visitation and participation in the child's care, were associated with nurses’ FCC practises. These results suggest that educational programs to promote nurses’ self‐efficacy are essential and that organizational support is a key component in implementing FCC.
Swift observation of Segue 1: constraints on sterile neutrino parameters in the darkest galaxy
Authors: Mirabal N. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Some extensions of standard particle physics postulate that dark matter may be partially composed of weakly interacting sterile neutrino particles that have so far eluded detection. We use a short (∼5 ks) archival X-ray observation of Segue 1 obtained with the X-ray Telescope (XRT) onboard the Swift satellite to exclude the presence of sterile neutrinos in the 1.6–14 keV mass range down to a flux limit of 6 × 10−12 erg cm−2 s−1 within 67 pc of its centre. With an estimated mass-to-light ratio of ∼3400 M⊙/L⊙, Segue 1 is the darkest ultrafaint dwarf galaxy currently measured. Spectral analysis of the Swift XRT data fails to find any non-instrumental spectral feature possibly connected with the radiative decay of a dark matter particle. Accordingly, we establish upper bounds on the sterile neutrino parameter space based on the non-detection of emission lines in the spectrum. The present work provides the most sensitive X-ray search for sterile neutrinos in a region with the highest dark matter density yet measured.
Metabolism of a plant derived galactose‐containing polysaccharide by Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003
Authors: O'Connell Motherway Mary , Fitzgerald Gerald F. , van Sinderen Douwe 
Published: October 2010

SummaryIn this study, we describe the functional characterization of the Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 gal locus, which is dedicated to the utilization of galactan, a plant‐derived polysaccharide. Using a combination of molecular approaches we conclude that the galA gene of B. breve UCC2003 encodes a β‐1,4‐endogalactanase producing galacto‐oligosaccharides, which are specifically internalized by an ABC transport system, encoded by galBCDE, and which are then hydrolysed to galactose moieties by a dedicated intracellular β‐galactosidase, specified by galG. The generated galactose molecules are presumed to be fed into the fructose‐6‐phosphate phosphoketolase pathway via the Leloir pathway, thereby allowing B. breve UCC2003 to use galactan as its sole carbon and energy source. In addition to these findings we demonstrate that GalR is a LacI‐type DNA‐binding protein, which not only appears to control transcription of the galCDEGR operon, but also that of the galA gene.
A Formalisation of Weak Normalisation (with Respect to Permutations) of Sequent Calculus Proofs
Authors: Adams A.A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDyckhoff and Pinto present a weakly normalising system of reductions on derivations are characterised as the fixed points of the composition of the Prawitz translations into natural deduction and back. This paper presents a formalisation of the system, including a proof of the Weak normalisation property for the formalisation. More details can be found in earlier work by the author. The formalisation has been kept as closes as possible to the original presentation to allow an evaluation of the state of proof assistance for such methods, and to ensure similarity of methods, and not merely similarly of results. The formalisation is restricted to the implicational fragment of intuitionistic logic.
Spectral Concentration for Perturbed Equations of Harmonic Oscillator Type
Authors: Brown B. M. , Eastham M. S. P. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSturm–Liouville potentials of the form xa ƒ(∈x) are considered, where a > 0, ƒ decays sufficiently rapidly at infinity, and ∈ is a small positive parameter. It is shown that there are a finite number N(∈) of spectral concentration points, and computational evidence is given to support the conjecture that N(∈) increases to infinity as ∈ decreases to zero.
Restrictive Acceptance Suffices for Equivalence Problems
Authors: Borchert Bernd , Hemaspaandra Lane A. , Rothe Jörg 
Published: October 2010

AbstractOne way of suggesting that an NP problem may not be NP-complete is to show that it is in the promise class UP. We propose an analogous new method—weaker in strength of evidence but more broadly applicable—for suggesting that concrete NP problems are not NP-complete. In particular, we introduce the promise class EP, the subclass of NP consisting of those languages accepted by NP machines that, when they accept, always have a number of accepting paths that is a power of two. We show that FewP, bounded ambiguity polynomial time (which contains UP), is contained in EP. The class EP applies as an upper bound to some concrete problems to which previous approaches have never been successful, for example the negation equivalence problem for OBDDs (ordered binary decision diagrams).
An Algorithm for Recognising the Exterior Square of a Multiset
Authors: Greenhill Catherine 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe exterior square of a multiset is a natural combinatorial construction which is related to the exterior square of a vector space. We consider multisets of elements of an abelian group. Two properties are defined which a multiset may satisfy: recognisability and involution-recognisability. A polynomial-time algorithm is described which takes an input multiset and returns either (a) a multiset which is either recognisable or involution-recognisable and whose exterior square equals the input multiset, or (b) the message that no such multiset exists. The proportion of multisets which are neither recognisable nor involution-recognisable is shown to be small when the abelian group is finite but large. Some further comments are made about the motivating case of multisets of eigenvalues of matrices.
Mechanizing Nonstandard Real Analysis
Authors: Fleuriot Jacques D. , Paulson Lawrence C. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis paper first describes the construction and use of the hyperreals in the theorem-prover Isabelle within the framework of higher-order logic (HOL). The theory, which includes infinitesimals and infinite numbers, is based on the hyperreal number system developed by Abraham Robinson in his nonstandard analysis (NSA). The construction of the hyperreal number system has been carried out strictly through the use of definitions to ensure that the foundations of NSA in Isabelle are sound. Mechanizing the construction has required that various number systems including the rationals and the reals be built up first. Moreover, to construct the hyperreals from the reals has required developing a theory of filters and ultrafilters and proving Zorn's lemma, an equivalent form of the axiom of choice.This paper also describes the use of the new types of numbers and new relations on them to formalize familiar concepts from analysis. The current work provides both standard and nonstandard definitions for the various notions, and proves their equivalence in each case. To achieve this aim, systematic methods, through which sets and functions are extended to the hyperreals, are developed in the framework. The merits of the nonstandard approach with respect to the practice of analysis and mechanical theorem-proving are highlighted throughout the exposition.
Euclidean Windows
Authors: Cavallar Stefania , Lemmermeyer Franz 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this paper we study number fields which are Euclidean with respect to functions that are different from the absolute value of the norm, namely weighted norms that depend on a real parameter c. We introduce the Euclidean minimum of weighted norms as the set of values of c for which the function is Euclidean, and we show that the Euclidean minimum may be irrational and not isolated. We also present computational results on Euclidean minima of cubic number fields, and present a list of norm-Euclidean complex cubic fields that we conjecture to be complete.
Contamination of Commercial PCR Master Mix with DNA from
Coxiella burnetii
Authors: Tilburg Jeroen J. H. C. , Nabuurs-Franssen Marrigje H. , van Hannen Erik J. , Horrevorts Alphons M. , Melchers Willem J. G. , Klaassen Corné H. W. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT

Contamination of an in-house diagnostic real-time PCR for Q fever was traced back to a commercially obtained PCR Master Mix. It was established that this Master Mix contained DNA from
Coxiella burnetii
, probably as a result of the use of compounds of animal origin such as bovine serum albumin.
Modifications in the Polymerase Genes of a Swine-Like Triple-Reassortant Influenza Virus To Generate Live Attenuated Vaccines against 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Viruses
Authors: Pena Lindomar , Vincent Amy L. , Ye Jianqiang , Ciacci-Zanella Janice R. , Angel Matthew , Lorusso Alessio , Gauger Philip C. , Janke Bruce H. , Loving Crystal L. , Perez Daniel R. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTOn 11 June 2009, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the outbreaks caused by novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus had reached pandemic proportions. The pandemic H1N1 (H1N1pdm) virus is the predominant influenza virus strain in the human population. It has also crossed the species barriers and infected turkeys and swine in several countries. Thus, the development of a vaccine that is effective in multiple animal species is urgently needed. We have previously demonstrated that the introduction of temperature-sensitive mutations into the PB2 and PB1 genes of an avian H9N2 virus, combined with the insertion of a hemagglutinin (HA) tag in PB1, resulted in an attenuated (att) vaccine backbone for both chickens and mice. Because the new pandemic strain is a triple-reassortant (TR) virus, we chose to introduce the double attenuating modifications into a swine-like TR virus isolate, A/turkey/OH/313053/04 (H3N2) (ty/04), with the goal of producing live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV). This genetically modified backbone had impaired polymerase activity and restricted virus growth at elevated temperatures.In vivocharacterization of two H1N1 vaccine candidates generated using the ty/04attbackbone demonstrated that this vaccine is highly attenuated in mice, as indicated by the absence of signs of disease, limited replication, and minimum histopathological alterations in the respiratory tract. A single immunization with the ty/04att-based vaccines conferred complete protection against a lethal H1N1pdm virus infection in mice. More importantly, vaccination of pigs with a ty/04att-H1N1 vaccine candidate resulted in sterilizing immunity upon an aggressive intratracheal challenge with the 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus. Our studies highlight the safety of the ty/04attvaccine platform and its potential as a master donor strain for the generation of live attenuated vaccines for humans and livestock.
Antiviral Effects of a Transgenic RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase
Authors: Kerkvliet Jason , Papke Louisa , Rodriguez Moses 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTTransgenic expression of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 3Dpolinhibited infection of Theiler's murine encephalitis virus (TMEV), a picornavirus from which it was derived. Here, we infected 3Dpoltransgenic mice with another picornavirus, as well as an alphaherpesvirus and a rhabdovirus. 3Dpoltransgenic FVB mice had significantly lower viral loads and survived longer after infection with all three types of viruses than nontransgenic FVB mice. Viral inhibition among three different types of virus by transgenic 3Dpolsuggests that the mechanism of action is not the direct interference with picornaviral 3Dpolbut instead may be the changing of host cells to an antiviral state before or after viral infection occurs, as basal interferon levels were higher in 3Dpoltransgenic mice before infection. Further study of this mechanism may open new possibilities for future antiviral therapy.
Transcriptional Control of the ERBB2 Amplicon by ERRα and PGC-1β Promotes Mammary Gland Tumorigenesis
Authors: Deblois Geneviève , Chahrour Ghada , Perry Marie-Claude , Sylvain-Drolet Guillaume , Muller William J , Giguère Vincent 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Overexpression of ERBB2 and its neighboring genes on chromosome 17 occurs in approximately 25% of breast tumors and is associated with poor prognosis. While amplification of the 17q12-21 chromosomal region often correlates with an increase in the transcriptional rates of the locus, the molecular mechanisms and the factors involved in the coordinated expression of genes residing within the ERBB2 amplicon remain largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα, NR3B1) and its coregulator PGC-1β are key effectors in this process. Using a mouse model of ERBB2-initiated mammary tumorigenesis, we first show that ablation of ERRα significantly delays ERBB2-induced tumor development and lowers the levels of amplicon transcripts. Chromosome 17q-wide binding site location analyses in human breast cancer cells show preferential recruitment of ERRα to DNA segments associated with the ERBB2 amplicon. Furthermore, ERRα directs the co-recruitment of the coactivator PGC-1β to segments in the 17q12 region and the recruitment of RNA polymerase II to the promoters of the ERBB2 and coamplified genes. ERRα and PGC-1β also participate in the de-repression of ERBB2 expression through competitive genomic cross-talk with estrogen receptor α (ERα) and, as a consequence, influence tamoxifen sensitivity in breast cancer cells. Taken together, our results suggest that ERRα and PGC-1β are key players in the etiology of malignant breast cancer by coordinating the transcriptional regulation of genes located in the 17q12 region, a process that also involves interference with the repressive function of ERα on ERBB2 expression. Cancer Res; 70(24); 10277–87. ©2010 AACR.
Treatments for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: A network meta-analysis and indirect comparisons versus dabigatran etexilate
Authors: Lip Gregory Y. H. , Noack Herbert , Clemens Andreas , Plumb Jonathan M. , Roskell Neil S. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryPatients with atrial fibrillation at moderate to high risk of stroke are not always anticoagulated despite a lack of contraindications to vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) like warfarin. These patients are treated with aspirin, aspirin-clopidogrel combination therapy or even receive no thromboprophylaxis. The oral direct thrombin inhibitor, dabigatran etexilate 150 mg BID and 110 mg BID, might represent an alternative for these patients; however, no head-to-head clinical trial data exist versus these alternative treatments. A network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed to indirectly compare dabigatran etexilate with antiplatelets and placebo. Compared with placebo, dabigatran etexilate 150 mg BID was estimated to significantly reduce the risk of any stroke (ischaemic and haemorrhagic) by 75% (relative risk [RR] 0.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.12–0.51), ischaemic stroke by 77% (RR 0.23; 95% CI 0.14–0.38), systemic embolism by 83% (RR 0.17; 95% CI 0.05–0.50) and mortality by 36% (RR 0.64; 95% CI 0.45–0.91). Dabigatran etexilate 150 mg BID was estimated to significantly reduce the risk of any stroke compared with aspirin monotherapy by 63% (RR 0.37; 95% CI 0.20–0.69) and aspirin plus clopidogrel by 61% (RR 0.39; 95% CI 0.21–0.72). Trends toward reduced risk with both dabigatran etexilate regimens were found for most clinical outcomes. Relative risk estimates of dabigatran etexilate versus adjusted-dose VKAs within the NMA were consistent with results from the head-to-head randomised trial of these two strategies. Indirect evidence suggests treatment with dabigatran etexilate offers benefit for the prevention of stroke, systemic embolism and mortality over antiplatelets and placebo. There was no indication of increased intracranial or extracranial haemorrhage with dabigatran etexilate compared to antiplatelet agents.
Africa's National Human Rights Institutions and the Responsibility to Protect
Authors: Zambara Webster 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe essay argues that one of the greatest shifts in the international humanitarian order heralded by the end of the Cold War has been the concept of holding state sovereignty accountable to an international human rights standard. It argues that while the concept of R2P has generally focused on humanitarian intervention at a macro level, the period since the 1990s has also witnessed an increase of micro-level institutions, in the form of National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) that can advance R2P, including 31 such institutions in Africa. NHRIs can potentially bolster R2P and foster peace in countries in which they operate. The general popularity of R2P as an international standard is contrasted with the great suspicion with which it is regarded by a number of governments—particularly in Africa, where sovereignty is guarded with passion as a result of the anticolonial struggles that gave birth to national independence on the continent. The author further argues that NHRIs—when properly institutionalised and functioning optimally—can play an important role in protecting the rights of vulnerable groups, and have the potential to help countries attain international human rights norms and standards without unduly threatening their sovereign independence. The essay examines the role of NHRIs in the four cases of Sierra Leone, Uganda, Tanzania and South Africa, and assesses the establishment and operation of African NHRIs using measures formulated by the internationally agreed Paris Principles of 1993.
Fechner's Elusive Parallel Law
Authors: Ross Helen , Wade Nicholas 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWeber's Law states that the differential threshold or just-noticeable-difference (jnd) is proportional to the physical intensity of the stimulus. Fechner built up his logarithmic law of sensation intensity from Weber's Law and the assumption that all jnds are subjectively equal. He thought it important that the Parallel Law should also hold. The Parallel Law states that, when perceived stimulus intensity is changed by something other than physical intensity (such as adaptation), Weber's Law continues to hold: discrimination should be unchanged provided the perceived values of the two stimuli change in the same ratio. Fechner claimed that weight discrimination was unaffected by weight adaptation; he was unsure about light adaptation; and he claimed that tactile length discrimination was unaffected by perceived changes caused by the bodily location of the stimulus. Modern research on adaptation for weights and other sensory stimuli shows that changes occur both in perceived intensity and in discrimination. Discrimination between stimuli is usually finest when the adaptation level is appropriate to the test level. There is insufficient evidence concerning the discrimination of tactile length and visual length when perceived length is changed. However, the Parallel Law may be untestable because of the difficulty of obtaining measures in the same experiment both for changes in discrimination and for the ratios of the perceived changes of the stimuli.
Water, gas and electric power monitoring system for residential developments: A technological approach
Authors: Toledano-Ayala M. , Rivas-Araiza EA , Herrera-Ruiz G. , Soto-Zarazúa GM , Montoya-Soto JA , Castaneda S. , Contreras T. 
Published: October 2010

Savings in energy and water consumption represents one of the most important challenges for governments around the world today. Residential developments in Mexico offer a feasible way for low-income families in populated cities to acquire a house. This paper presents a novel technological approach to achieve substantial savings in energy and water in residential developments; as well it can be used as a tool for billing, and consumption planning. The system was tested in the municipality of Tecamac during the warmest months of the year in Mexico. The following results were recorded: 13.43% of savings in power consumption, 10.18% related to the conservation of water and 9.13% less gas was used. Practical applications: Significant savings related to energy used and water conserved, are possible when networked technological systems such as the one proposed herein are installed either when the house is being built or can also be implemented in existing houses. Indirect benefits are present as well as tax reductions for constructors who build using eco-friendly and best housing practices. These savings and benefits can further be extended to services suppliers, reduce internal traffic in residential developments, among others.
Differences in Patellar Cartilage Thickness, Transverse Relaxation Time, and Deformational Behavior
Authors: Farrokhi Shawn , Colletti Patrick M. , Powers Christopher M. 
Published: October 2010

Background: The origin of patellofemoral pain (PFP) may be associated with the inability of the patellofemoral joint cartilage to absorb and distribute patellofemoral joint forces. Hypothesis: When compared with a pain-free control group, young active women with PFP will demonstrate differences in their baseline patellar cartilage thickness and transverse (T2) relaxation time, as well as a less adaptive response to an acute bout of joint loading. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Ten women between the ages of 23 to 37 years with PFP and 10 sex-, age-, and activity-matched pain-free controls participated. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of the patellofemoral joint was performed at baseline and after participants performed 50 deep knee bends. Differences in baseline cartilage thickness and T2 relaxation time, as well as the postexercise change in patellar cartilage thickness and T2 relaxation time, were compared between groups. Results: Individuals with PFP demonstrated reductions in baseline cartilage thickness of 14.0% and 14.1% for the lateral patellar facet and total patellar cartilage, respectively. Similarly, individuals with PFP exhibited significantly lower postexercise cartilage thickness change for the lateral patellar facet (2.1% vs 8.9%) and the total patellar cartilage (4.4% vs 10.0%) when compared with the control group. No group differences in baseline or postexercise change in T2 relaxation time were found. Conclusion: The findings suggest that a baseline reduction in patellar cartilage thickness and a reduced deformational behavior of patellar cartilage following an acute bout of loading are associated with presence of PFP symptoms.