bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the functional significance of symbiotic microorganisms in the Homoptera: a comparative study of Acyrthosiphon pisum and Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Wilkinson T. L. , Ishikawa H. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryAll phloem‐feeding Homoptera possess symbiotic microorganisms. Although the phylogenetic position and anatomical location of the micro‐ organisms differ, the underlying theme of the symbiosis is the same; the microorganisms improve the nutritional quality of the diet through the provision of essential amino acids. The symbiosis has been well documented in aphids, but little information is available from other homopteran groups. The impact of the loss of bacterial symbionts in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris and eukaryotic yeast‐like symbionts in the Asian rice brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens Stål was examined in parallel. The weight and relative growth rate of aphids and planthoppers was significantly reduced by symbiont loss, and characteristic features of aposymbiotic pea aphids, so‐called ‘metabolic signatures’, were, for the first time, observed in aposymbiotic N. lugens. For example, the amount of protein per unit fresh weight was reduced by 26 and 10%, and the free amino acid levels increased 1.8‐ and 1.4‐fold, in aposymbiotic A. pisum and N. lugens, respectively. In addition, the concentration of the amino acid glutamine was elevated in the tissues of aposymbiotic insects. The data are discussed in the context of our current understanding of the nutritional role of the symbiosis and the mechanisms of nitrogen metabolism in the two insect species. It is concluded that the metabolic adjustments of the insects to symbiont loss are broadly equivalent.
A two‐stage exhumation of the Variscan crust: U–Pb LA‐ICP‐MS and Rb–Sr ages from Greater Kabylia, Maghrebides
Authors: Hammor D. , Bosch D. , Caby R. , Bruguier O. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe significance and role of major shear zones are paramount to understanding continental deformation and the exhumation of deep crustal levels. LA‐ICPMS U–Pb dating of monazites, combined with Rb–Sr analyses of biotites, from an anatectic metapelite from Greater Kabylia (Algeria) highlights the history of shear zone development and the subsequent exhumation of deep crustal levels in the internal zones of the Maghrebides. Monazites give an age of 275.4 ± 4.1 Ma (2σ) dating the thermal peak coeval with anatexis. This age is identical to those recorded in other crystalline terranes from south‐easternmost Europe (i.e. South Alpine and Austro‐Alpine domains) that suffered crustal thinning during the continental rifting predating the Tethys opening. Rb–Sr analyses of biotites yield a cooling age of 23.7 ± 1.1 Ma related to the exhumation of the buried Variscan crust during the Miocene as an extrusive slice, roughly coeval with the emplacement of nappes, and shortly followed by lithospheric extension leading to the opening of the Alboran sea.
Relationship between erosion surfaces and Late Miocene Salinity Crisis deposits in the Valencia Basin (northwestern Mediterranean): evidence for an early sea‐level fall
Authors: Agnès Maillard , Alain Mauffret 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAlthough the main events of the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC) are today mostly known, the exact succession of the different episodes remains unclear. This, in particular, is because (i) no drilling has reached the base of the Salt, and thus the onset of the MSC in the basins is unknown, and (ii) lateral correlations between the margins and the deep basins are missing. The Valencia Basin, which is intermediate in depth between the marginal basins and the deep basins, is an ideal location for studying the transitional domain. It displays the relationships between the polygenic erosion on the margins, the deposition of the thin Upper Evaporites bracketed by basal and top erosion surfaces in the central part of the basin, and the thick MSC sequence in the deep oceanic Provençal Basin. Early detrital deposits located below the MSC sequence of the deep basin suggest an early lowering of the sea level prior to the MSC desiccation.
Recycling of Proterozoic crust in the Andean Amazon foreland of Ecuador: implications for orogenic development of the Northern Andes
Authors: Martin‐Gombojav Nergui , Winkler Wilfried 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe retro‐arc foreland Andean Amazon Basin records sedimentary infill from the South American craton and the emerging Northern Andean chain from the middle Cretaceous until Present day. The U/Pb ages of detrital zircons indicate significant reworking of Archean‐Proterozoic (max. 2.9 Ga) and Paleozoic crust and sediments, which were eroded on both sides. Heavy mineral associations show that the material derived from Proterozoic craton was supplied by Cretaceous reworking of non‐metamorphosed (unannealed) Paleozoic and older sedimentary rocks, which cover the Amazon Craton. Following latest Cretaceous switch of the dominant sediment source to the Andean cordillera, the influx of Precambrian zircons persisted, and these zircons were derived from the metamorphosed basement and Paleozoic sediments of the Cordillera Real (Loja terrane). Re‐evaluation of existing detrital zircon fission‐track record proves that the rise of the Cordillera Real at the Cretaceous‐Tertiary transition was initiated by the collision of Caribbean Oceanic Plateau and associated arc elements from 75–65 Ma. A further important exhumation event also occurred in the Late Oligocene, which is correlated with the break‐up of the Farallon plate.
Platinum enrichment at low temperatures and related microstructures, with examples of hongshiite (PtCu) and empirical ‘Pt2HgSe3’ from Itabira, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Cabral A. R. , Galbiatti H. F. , Kwitko‐Ribeiro R. , Lehmann B. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLow‐temperature Pt enrichment is illustrated with reference to two hypogene platiniferous minerals: (i) a Pd–Cu‐bearing ‘Pt2HgSe3’, an unnamed phase; and (ii) hongshiite, PtCu, with up to 0.7 wt% Hg. The former has patches oxidized to a Pt–O species with curvilinear microcracks originated by desiccation. The latter displays parallel sets of Cu‐depleted, Pt–Hg‐enriched patches, along which microfractures occur. Such microstructures are interpreted to arise from two processes: (i) oxidation and formation of a hydrated Pt–O compound, which tends to succumb to a Pt‐rich alloy by deoxygenation and dehydration, leaving behind curvilinear desiccation cracks; (ii) metal leaching conducive to native Pt by removal of Cu from hongshiite via micropores that coalesce along crystallographic planes to result in reticulated microcracks. Platinum enrichment either by oxidation or metal leaching ideally produces characteristic microcracks, which may be indicative of the origin, i.e. detrital vs. supergene, of alluvial and eluvial Pt‐rich alloys.
Compressional reworking of the East African Orogen in the Uluguru Mountains of eastern Tanzania at c. 550 Ma: implications for the final assembly of Gondwana
Authors: Rossetti Federico , Cozzupoli Domenico , Phillips David 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe Uluguru Mountains of eastern Tanzania represent a key area to unravel the tectonic history of Gondwana assembly along the Neoproterozoic East African Orogen. On the basis of combined structural and 40Ar/39Ar geochronological investigations, we have re‐interpreted the structural architecture of the region. Texturally‐late, ductile to cataclastic low‐angle tectonic contacts are recognized, which delimit the contacts between the main lithological units that form a post‐metamorphic, NW‐verging nappe stack. 40Ar/39Ar geochronology places this nappe‐forming event at c. 550 Ma, post‐dating tonalitic dyke emplacement at c. 580 Ma. Results from this study (i) demonstrate that a distinct and later episode of convergence occurred in the region at c. 550 Ma, when previous structural elements of the East African Orogen were finally juxtaposed; and (ii) extends models involving the polyphase assembly of Gondwana to East Africa.
Mid‐late Holocene sea‐level variability in eastern Australia
Authors: Lewis Stephen E. , Wüst Raphael A. J. , Webster Jody M. , Shields Graham A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA re‐analysis of sea‐level data from eastern Australia based on 115 calibrated C‐14 ages is used to constrain the origin, timing and magnitude of sea‐level change over the last 7000 years. We demonstrate that the Holocene sea‐level highstand of +1.0–1.5 m was reached ∼7000 cal yrbpand fell to its present position after 2000 yrbp. These findings are in contrast to most previous studies that relied on smaller datasets and did not include the now common conversion of conventional C‐14 ages to calendar years. During this ∼5000 year period of high sea level, growth hiatuses in oyster beds and tubeworms and lower elevations of coral microatolls are interpreted to represent short‐lived oscillations in sea‐level of up to 1 m during two intervals, beginning c. 4800 and 3000 cal yrbp. The rates of sea‐level rise and fall (1–2 mm yr−1) during these centennial‐scale oscillations are comparable with current rates of sea‐level rise. The origin of the oscillations is enigmatic but most likely the result of oceanographic and climatic changes, including wind strengths, ice ablation, and melt‐water contributions of both Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets.
Molecular Characterization of Partial D Variants in India
Authors: Kulkarni Swati , Colah Roshan , Gorakshakar Ajit , Gupte Snehalata , Mohanty Dipika 
Published: September 2010

Aim  To find incidence of partial D variants in India and classify them by molecular techniques.Method  Partial D variants were identified by screening blood samples of subjects from Western India by using partial D kit (Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service). Molecular characterization of partial D variants was performed using multiplex PCR(M‐PCR).Result  The incidence of partial D was 0.15% in the population studied. Forty eight partial D variant samples identified by serological studies were classified by M‐PCR. 29% of partial D variants identified were of DFR and 14.6% were of DVI category. 77% of partial D variants identified in Indian population were characterized by M‐PCR. Fifteen families of partial D variants were studied and ten more individuals of same variant were identified. All partial D variants were of R1r (DCe/dce) phenotype. The family studies showed partial D hybrid (RHD‐CE‐D) was linked with Ce gene.Conclusion  DFR was most frequently found partial D in Indian population. Majority of partial D variants characterized in Indian population arise due to substitution of part of RHD exon with RHCE equivalent.
Effect of Long‐term Oral Administration of an Immunostimulant Diet on Innate Immunity in Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)
Authors: Bagni M. , Archetti L. , Amadori M. , Marino G. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryImmunostimulants represent a modern and promising tool in aquaculture, enhancing the resistance of cultured fish to disease and stress. This study investigated the effect of a combination of dietary glucans, α‐tocopherol and ascorbic acid on the innate immune response of cultured sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). After 5 weeks of adaptation on a commercial diet containing 100 p.p.m. ascorbic acid and 200 p.p.m. α‐tocopherol, sea bass were switched to a diet supplemented with 2% β−1.3/β−1.6 glucans and ascorbic acid and α‐tocopherol at 500 p.p.m. The supplemented diet was given at 2% of body weight per day over a 2‐week period, every 3 months. Plasma lysozyme concentration, content and distribution of major plasma proteins and complement activity were measured prior to feeding the supplemented diet and after 40 weeks. Alternative pathways of complement activation and lysozyme activity were both significantly enhanced in fish fed on glucans and elevated doses of vitamins. No significant differences were observed in protein content or in albumin/globulin ratio. Compared to lysozyme activity, which showed marked individual variation, complement‐mediated haemolytic activity has been shown to be a more reliable indicator of sea bass immunocompetence. Further studies are in progress to clarify the effect of each dietary component on the innate immune response and disease resistance.
Clostridium botulinum and Bio‐compost. A Contribution to the Analysis of Potential Health Hazards Caused by Bio‐waste Recycling
Authors: Böhnel H. , Lube K. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryBio‐waste recycling and the production and use of bio‐compost are politically encouraged in Europe. Quality control takes no consideration of pathogenic anaerobic spore formers, e.g. Clostridium botulinum. A protocol for health hazard analysis concerning this pathogen has been developed. Samples of marketed bio‐compost were tested and results showed that about 50 % of the tested samples contained C. botulinum. For the first time it has been shown that the use of bio‐compost represents a health hazard to humans and animals, especially in the future when spores will have accumulated in the environment. The use of household bio‐waste collected in ‘bio‐bins’ is apparently one factor involved in the production of contaminated compost end‐products. Environmental factors in the propagation of C. botulinum are discussed. The improvement of bio‐waste recycling technology and management should be encouraged in order to minimize the health hazard caused by contaminated bio‐compost.
Demands of immigration among Chinese immigrant nurses
Authors: Ma Amy X , Quinn Griffin Mary T , Capitulo Katie L , Fitzpatrick Joyce J 
Published: September 2010

Ma AX, Quinn Griffin MT, Capitulo KL, Fitzpatrick JJ. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 443–453 Demands of immigration among Chinese immigrant nursesThe purpose of this study was to identify the demands of immigration among Chinese nurses that have immigrated to the USA. The relationship between the demands of immigration and length of stay in the USA was investigated also. A descriptive correlational study design was used. A convenience sample of 128 nurses was recruited. A self‐administered survey was conducted using the demands of immigration scale developed by Aroian, along with a demographic questionnaire. The results showed Chinese immigrant nurses have high demands of immigration. There were significant negative relationships between the demands of immigration and length of stay in the USA. Immigration demands decreased as length of stay increased but remained high even for those who had been in the USA for > 5 years. This information is vital to health‐care agencies designing and implementing adaptation programmes targeting these demands to facilitate Chinese nurses' adaptation process.
A randomized controlled trial to assess the impact of an Admission Service on patient and staff satisfaction
Authors: Norton‐Westwood Deborah , Robertson‐Malt Suzi , Anderson Rita 
Published: September 2010

Norton‐Westwood D, Robertson‐Malt S, Anderson R. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 461–471 A randomized controlled trial to assess the impact of an Admission Service on patient and staff satisfactionThis study aims to assess the benefits of an Admission Service (AS) wherein the nurse, when fluent in the language spoken by the patient (Arabic), improves the accuracy and efficiency of acquiring key assessment data needed to guide nursing care. Patients' satisfaction with their hospital experience begins formulating from their time of admission. Dissatisfaction is frequently reported in areas requiring careful, skilled communication such as obtaining emotional support and family participation and education. Over a 3‐month study recruitment, 314 patients were randomly assigned to be admitted either through the AS (n = 150) or to the unit via the standard admission process (n = 164). The AS improved the efficiency of admission time by > 150%. The nurse's assessment of their quality of admission was also improved: 76 vs. 26 nurses rated their quality of admission as ‘very good’ when assisted by the AS compared with standard admission to the unit.
Knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors among native Thais: A street‐intercept survey method
Authors: Poomsrikaew Ornwanya , Ryan Catherine J , Zerwic Julie J 
Published: September 2010

Poomsrikaew O, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 492–498 Knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors among native Thais: A street‐intercept survey methodThis study aimed to determine Thais' knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors and whether that knowledge was related to age, gender or education. Via a street‐intercept survey method, a convenience sample of people aged ≥ 35 years (n = 192) was recruited. Mean age was 47 ± 9.6 years (range 35–81), and 55.2% were female. Participants identified on average 5.6 of 9 heart attack symptoms (SD 1.8) and 5.3 of 8 heart attack risk factors (SD 2.1). However, 66.7% mistakenly thought the chest discomfort would be severe, sharp and stabbing, and many subjects erroneously selected symptoms that are actually stroke symptoms. There were no gender or educational differences in knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors. Older adults recognized fewer total symptoms than did younger adults. These findings could direct health‐care providers to help the Thai population differentiate symptoms of heart attack from stroke.
The first Australian nurse practitioner census: A protocol to guide standardized collection of information about an emergent professional group
Authors: Middleton Sandy , Gardner Glenn , Gardner Anne , Della Phillip , Gibb Michelle , Millar Lynne 
Published: September 2010

Middleton S, Gardner G, Gardner A, Della P, Gibb M, Millar L. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 517–524 The first Australian nurse practitioner census: A protocol to guide standardized collection of information about an emergent professional groupInternationally, collection of reliable data on new and evolving health‐care roles is crucial. We describe a protocol for design and administration of a national census of an emergent health‐care role, namely nurse practitioners in Australia using databases held by regulatory authorities. A questionnaire was developed to obtain data on the role and scope of practice of Australian nurse practitioners. Our tool comprised five sections and included a total of 56 questions, using 28existing items from the National Nursing and Midwifery Labour Force Census and nine items recommended in the Nurse Practitioner Workforce Planning Minimum Data Set. Australian Nurse Registering Authorities (n = 6) distributed the survey on our behalf. This paper outlines our instrument and methods. The survey was administered to 238 authorized Australian nurse practitioners (85% response rate). Rigorous collection of standardized items will ensure health policy is informed by reliable and valid data. We will re‐administer the survey 2 years following the first survey to measure change over time.
The challenge of providing child health care in the Indigenous population of New Zealand
Authors: Buchanan Leo , Malcolm John 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper defines who is Maori, and traditional Maori attitudes to health and children. It notes the differing levels of engagement of Maori with their culture and the reliance of most Maori on Non Maori practitioners for their medical services. Three relatively common paediatric problems are then used to illustrate the challenges of neither underplaying nor overplaying environmental factors in working with Maori families. The key role of the word respect in working towards positive encounters with Maori is emphasized.
Lower respiratory infections in Australian Indigenous children
Authors: O'Grady Kerry‐Ann F , Chang Anne B 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDespite Australia being one of the wealthiest countries of the world, Australian Indigenous children have a health status and social circumstance comparable to developing countries. Indigenous infants have 10 times the mortality rate for respiratory conditions. The lower respiratory infection (LRI) rate in Australian Indigenous children is at least as high as that of children in developing countries; the frequency of hospitalisations of Indigenous infants is triple that of non‐Indigenous Australian infants (201.7 vs. 62.6/1000, respectively). While Indigenous Australian children have many risk factors for LRIs described in developing countries, there is little specific data, and hence, evidence‐based intervention points are yet to be identified. Efficacy of conjugate vaccines for common bacterial causes of pneumonia has been less marked in Indigenous children than that documented overseas. Gaps in the management and prevention of disease are glaring. Given the burden of LRI in Indigenous children and the association with long‐term respiratory dysfunction, LRIs should be addressed as a matter of priority.
The oral health of Indigenous children: A review of four nations
Authors: Parker Eleanor J , Jamieson Lisa M , Broughton John , Albino Judith , Lawrence Herenia P , Roberts‐Thomson Kaye 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis review of the oral health of children in Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the USA demonstrates that significant oral health inequalities exist in each nation. Despite traditionally low levels of disease in Indigenous communities, dental caries is now highly prevalent and of increased severity among Indigenous children in comparison to their non‐Indigenous counterparts. Early childhood caries is particularly prevalent. The high level of dental disease experience at an early age is associated with increased rates of general anaesthesia and greater risk of dental caries in later life. The rates and severity of dental caries experienced by young Indigenous children are even more alarming when we consider that dental caries is essentially a preventable disease. The success of specific preventive programmes is encouraging; these approaches should be further evaluated and implemented as part of broader health promotion programmes for Indigenous children and families in order to decrease current oral health disparities.
Indigenous perinatal and neonatal outcomes: A time for preventive strategies
Authors: Sayers Susan , Boyle Jacqueline 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPregnancy outcomes for Indigenous mothers and babies have improved, but marked disparities remain between Indigenous and non‐Indigenous women. Many contributors to these disparities such as smoking, alcohol use, poor nutrition, infection, teenage pregnancy and stress are preventable or modifiable particularly if addressed prior to pregnancy. It is suggested that we expand our reproductive health research, education and care to a life course approach beginning in early adolescence.
Smoking and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Māori children
Authors: Thomas David P , Glover Marewa 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSmoking and the deaths and suffering it causes are more common among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and Māori than other Australians and New Zealanders. While, many tobacco control activities that are not specifically targeted at children will have a positive impact on child health, this review concentrates on recent tobacco control research on pregnant women and children. The important tasks are to reduce smoking by pregnant Māori and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women to reduce infant and child exposure to second‐hand smoke and to reduce smoking initiation of children and adolescents. Health professionals who want to reduce the suffering caused by smoking among Māori and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children can be guided by much new relevant research evidence and clear frameworks about how to approach tobacco control in these communities.