bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family history of cancer and risk of sporadic differentiated thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Xu Li , Li Guojun , Wei Qingyi , El‐Naggar Adel K. , Sturgis Erich M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Thyroid cancer incidence in the United States, particularly in women, has increased dramatically since the 1980s. Although the causes of thyroid cancer in most patients remain largely unknown, evidence suggests the existence of an inherited predisposition to development of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Therefore, the authors explored the association between sporadic DTC and family history of cancer.METHODS:In a retrospective hospital‐based case‐control study of prospectively recruited subjects who completed the study questionnaire upon enrollment, unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as estimates of the DTC risk associated with first‐degree family history of cancer.RESULTS:The study included 288 patients with sporadic DTC and 591 cancer‐free controls. Family history of thyroid cancer in first‐degree relatives was associated with increased DTC risk (adjusted OR, 4.1; 95% CI, 1.7‐9.9). All DTC cases in patients with a first‐degree family history of thyroid cancer were cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) (adjusted OR, 4.6; 95% CI, 1.9‐11.1). Notably, the risk of PTC was highest in subjects with a family history of thyroid cancer in siblings (OR, 7.4; 95% CI, 1.8‐30.4). In addition, multifocal primary tumor was more common among PTC patients with first‐degree family history of thyroid cancer than among PTC patients with no first‐degree family history of thyroid cancer (68.8% vs 35.5%, P = .01).CONCLUSIONS:The study suggests that family history of thyroid cancer in first‐degree relatives, particularly in siblings, is associated with an increased risk of sporadic PTC. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
The impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on cancer‐specific survival
Authors: Liu Xiangdong , Ji Jianguang , Sundquist Kristina , Sundquist Jan , Hemminki Kari 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Earlier studies have suggested that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) alters the risk of developing a variety of cancers, but little has been known about the impact of T2DM on cancer prognosis. On the basis of nationwide population‐based Swedish registries, the authors of this report compared the cause‐specific survival among cancer patients with and without T2DM.METHODS:Patients with T2DM were identified from the nationwide Swedish Hospital Discharge Register, and cancers were recorded from the Swedish Cancer Registry. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox regression models to compare variations in cause‐specific survival between cancer patients with and without T2DM.RESULTS:Of the 1016,105 cancer patients, 16,123 had been hospitalized with T2DM before their diagnosis of cancer. The mortality rate was significantly higher among cancer patients with T2DM than among those without T2DM (cause‐specific HR, 1.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.35‐1.41). There were no differences in TNM stage distribution among cancer patients with or without T2DM for the main cancers, with an exception of tumor and metastatic classifications for breast cancer and prostate cancer, respectively.CONCLUSIONS:The current results indicated that patients with T2DM who are diagnosed with a subsequent cancer are at an increased risk for cause‐specific mortality compared with patients who have cancer without T2DM. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
A survey of oral cavity afferents to the rat nucleus tractus solitarii
Authors: Corson James , Aldridge Alexandra , Wilmoth Kristin , Erisir Alev 
Published: July 2011

AbstractVisualization of myelinated fiber arrangements, cytoarchitecture, and projection fields of afferent fibers in tandem revealed input target selectivity in identified subdivisions of the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS). The central fibers of the chorda tympani (CT), greater superficial petrosal nerve (GSP), and glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), three nerves that innervate taste buds in the oral cavity, prominently occupy the gustatory‐sensitive rostrocentral subdivision. In addition, CT and IX innervate and overlap in the rostrolateral subdivision, which is primarily targeted by the lingual branch of the trigeminal nerve (LV). In the rostrocentral subdivision, compared with the CT terminal field, GSP appeared more rostral and medial, and IX was more dorsal and caudal. Whereas IX and LV filled the rostrolateral subdivision diffusely, CT projected only to the dorsal and medial portions. The intermediate lateral subdivision received input from IX and LV but not CT or GSP. In the caudal NTS, the ventrolateral subdivision received notable innervation from CT, GSP, and LV, but not IX. No caudal subnuclei medial to the solitary tract contained labeled afferent fibers. The data indicate selectivity of fiber populations within each nerve for functionally distinct subdivisions of the NTS, highlighting the possibility of equally distinct functions for CT in the rostrolateral NTS, and CT and GSP in the caudal NTS. Further, this provides a useful anatomical template to study the role of oral cavity afferents in the taste‐responsive subdivision of the NTS as well as in subdivisions that regulate ingestion and other oromotor behaviors. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:495–527, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of last‐order premotor interneurons by transneuronal tracing with rabies virus in the neonatal mouse spinal cord
Authors: Coulon Patrice , Bras Hélène , Vinay Laurent 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe characterized the interneurons involved in the control of ankle extensor (triceps surae [TS] muscles) motoneurons (MNs) in the lumbar enlargement of mouse neonates by retrograde transneuronal tracing using rabies virus (RV). Examination of the kinetics of retrograde transneuronal transfer at sequential intervals post inoculation enabled us to determine the time window during which only the first‐order interneurons, i.e., interneurons likely monosynaptically connected to MNs (last‐order interneurons [loINs]) were RV‐infected. The infection of the network resulted exclusively from a retrograde transport of RV along the motor pathway. About 80% of the loINs were observed ipsilaterally to the injection. They were distributed all along the lumbar enlargement, but the majority was observed in L4 and L5 segments where TS MNs were localized. Most loINs were distributed in laminae V–VII, whereas the most superficial laminae were devoid of RV infection. Contralaterally, commissural loINs were found essentially in lamina VIII of all lumbar segments. Groups of loINs were characterized by their chemical phenotypes using dual immunolabeling. Glycinergic neurons connected to TS MNs represented 50% of loINs ipsilaterally and 10% contralaterally. As expected, the ipsilateral glycinergic loINs included Renshaw cells, the most ventral neurons expressing calbindin. We also demonstrated a direct connection between a group of cholinergic interneurons observed ipsilaterally in L3 and the rostral part of L4, and TS MNs. To conclude, transneuronal tracing with RV, combined with an immunohistochemical detection of neuronal determinants, allows a very specific mapping of motor networks involved in the control of single muscles. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:3470–3487, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential gene expression in the axotomized facial motor nucleus of presymptomatic SOD1 mice
Authors: Mesnard Nichole A. , Sanders Virginia M. , Jones Kathryn J. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPreviously, we compared molecular profiles of one population of wild‐type (WT) mouse facial motoneurons (FMNs) surviving with FMNs undergoing significant cell death after axotomy. Regardless of their ultimate fate, injured FMNs respond with a vigorous pro‐survival/regenerative molecular response. In contrast, the neuropil surrounding the two different injured FMN populations contained distinct molecular differences that support a causative role for glial and/or immune‐derived molecules in directing contrasting responses of the same cell types to the same injury. In the current investigation, we utilized the facial nerve axotomy model and a presymptomatic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) mouse (SOD1) model to experimentally mimic the axonal die‐back process observed in ALS pathogenesis without the confounding variable of disease onset. Presymptomatic SOD1 mice had a significant decrease in FMN survival compared with WT, which suggests an increased susceptibility to axotomy. Laser microdissection was used to accurately collect uninjured and axotomized facial motor nuclei of WT and presymptomatic SOD1 mice for mRNA expression pattern analyses of pro‐survival/pro‐regeneration genes, neuropil‐specific genes, and genes involved in or responsive to the interaction of FMNs and non‐neuronal cells. Axotomized presymptomatic SOD1 FMNs displayed a dynamic pro‐survival/regenerative response to axotomy, similar to WT, despite increased cell death. However, significant differences were revealed when the axotomy‐induced gene expression response of presymptomatic SOD1 neuropil was compared with WT. We propose that the increased susceptibility of presymptomatic SOD1 FMNs to axotomy‐induced cell death and, by extrapolation, disease progression, is not intrinsic to the motoneuron, but rather involves a dysregulated response by non‐neuronal cells in the surrounding neuropil. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:3488–3506, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spine formation and maturation in the developing rat auditory cortex
Authors: Schachtele Scott J. , Losh Joe , Dailey Michael E. , Green Steven H. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe rat auditory cortex is organized as a tonotopic map of sound frequency. This map is broadly tuned at birth and is refined during the first 3 weeks postnatal. The structural correlates underlying tonotopic map maturation and reorganization during development are poorly understood. We employed fluorescent dye ballistic labeling (“DiOlistics”) alone, or in conjunction with immunohistochemistry, to quantify synaptogenesis in the auditory cortex of normal hearing rats. We show that the developmental appearance of dendritic protrusions, which include both immature filopodia and mature spines, on layers 2/3, 4, and 5 pyramidal and layer 4 spiny nonpyramidal neurons occurs in three phases: slow addition of dendritic protrusions from postnatal day 4 (P4) to P9, rapid addition of dendritic protrusions from P9 to P19, and a final phase where mature protrusion density is achieved (>P21). Next, we combined DiOlistics with immunohistochemical labeling of bassoon, a presynaptic scaffolding protein, as a novel method to categorize dendritic protrusions as either filopodia or mature spines in cortex fixed in vivo. Using this method we observed an increase in the spine‐to‐filopodium ratio from P9–P16, indicating a period of rapid spine maturation. Previous studies report mature spines as being shorter in length compared to filopodia. We similarly observed a reduction in protrusion length between P9 and P16, corroborating our immunohistochemical spine maturation data. These studies show that dendritic protrusion formation and spine maturation occur rapidly at a time previously shown to correspond to auditory cortical tonotopic map refinement (P11–P14), providing a structural correlate of physiological maturation. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:3327–3345, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cellular, biochemical, and molecular characterization of nitric oxide synthase expressed in the nervous system of the prosobranch Stramonita haemastoma (Gastropoda, Neogastropoda)
Authors: Cioni Carla , Di Patti Maria Carmela Bonaccorsi , Venturini Giorgio , Modica Maria Vittoria , Scarpa Francesca , Oliverio Marco , Toni Mattia 
Published: July 2011

AbstractNitric oxide synthase (NOS) has been characterized in several opistobranchs and pulmonates but it was much less investigated in prosobranchs, which include more than 20,000 species and account for most of the gastropod diversity. Therefore, new data from this large group are needed for a better knowledge of the molecular evolution of NOS enzymes in molluscs. This study focused on NOS expressed in the nervous system of the prosobranch neogastropod Stramonita haemastoma. In this study we report compelling evidence on the expression of a constitutive Ca2+/CaM‐dependent neuronal NOS in the central and peripheral nervous system. The prevailing neuronal localization of NADPHd activity was demonstrated by NADPHd histochemistry in both central and peripheral nervous system structures. L‐arginine/citrulline assays suggested that Stramonita NOS is a constitutive enzyme which is both cytosolic and membrane‐bound. Molecular cloning of the full‐length Stramonita NOS (Sh‐NOS) by reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) followed by 5′ and 3′ RACE showed that Sh‐NOS is a protein of 1,517 amino acids, containing a PDZ domain at the N‐terminus and sharing similar regulatory domains to the mammalian neuronal NOS (nNOS). Regional expression of the Sh‐NOS gene was evaluated by RT‐PCR. This analysis showed different expression levels in the nerve ring, the osphradium, the cephalic tentacles, the buccal tissues, and the foot, whereas NOS expression was not found in the salivary glands and the gland of Leiblein. The present data provide a solid background for further studies addressing the specific functions of NO in neogastropods. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:364–383, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Histamine receptors of cones and horizontal cells in Old World monkey retinas
Authors: Vila Alejandro , Satoh Hiromasa , Rangel Carolina , Mills Stephen L. , Hoshi Hideo , O'Brien John , Marshak Daniel R. , Macleish Peter R. , Marshak David W. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn primates the retina receives input from histaminergic neurons in the posterior hypothalamus that are active during the day. In order to understand how this input contributes to information processing in Old World monkey retinas, we have been localizing histamine receptors (HR) and studying the effects of histamine on the neurons that express them. Previously, we localized HR3 to the tips of ON bipolar cell dendrites and showed that histamine hyperpolarizes the cells via this receptor. We raised antisera against synthetic peptides corresponding to an extracellular domain of HR1 between the 4th and 5th transmembrane domains and to an intracellular domain near the carboxyl terminus of HR2. Using these, we localized HR1 to horizontal cells and a small number of amacrine cells and localized HR2 to puncta closely associated with synaptic ribbons inside cone pedicles. Consistent with this, HR1 mRNA was detected in horizontal cell perikarya and primary dendrites and HR2 mRNA was found in cone inner segments. We studied the effect of 5 μM exogenous histamine on primate cones in macaque retinal slices. Histamine reduced Ih at moderately hyperpolarized potentials, but not the maximal current. This would be expected to increase the operating range of cones and conserve ATP in bright, ambient light. Thus, all three major targets of histamine are in the outer plexiform layer, but the retinopetal axons containing histamine terminate in the inner plexiform layer. Taken together, the findings in these three studies suggest that histamine acts primarily via volume transmission in primate retina. J. Comp. Neurol., 2012;520:528–543. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Projections of the medial orbital and ventral orbital cortex in the rat
Authors: Hoover Walter B. , Vertes Robert P. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe medial orbital (MO) and ventral orbital (VO) cortices are prominent divisions of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex. To our knowledge, no previous report in the rat has comprehensively described the projections of MO and VO. By using the anterograde tracer Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin and the retrograde tracer Fluoro‐Gold, we examined the efferent projections of MO and VO in the rat. Although MO and VO projections overlap, MO distributes more widely throughout the brain, particularly to limbic structures, than does VO. The main cortical targets of MO were the orbital, ventral medial prefrontal (mPFC), agranular insular, piriform, retrosplenial, and parahippocampal cortices. The main subcortical targets of MO were the medial striatum, olfactory tubercle, claustrum, nucleus accumbens, septum, substantia innominata, lateral preoptic area, and diagonal band nuclei of the basal forebrain; central, medial, cortical, and basal nuclei of amygdala; paratenial, mediodorsal, and reuniens nuclei of the thalamus; posterior, supramammillary, and lateral nuclei of the hypothalamus; and periaqueductal gray, ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra, dorsal and median raphe, laterodorsal tegmental, and incertus nuclei of the brainstem. By comparison, VO distributes to some of these same sites, notably to the striatum, but lacks projections to parts of limbic cortex, to nucleus accumbens, and to the amygdala. VO distributes much more strongly, however, than MO to the medial (frontal) agranular, anterior cingulate, sensorimotor, posterior parietal, lateral agranular retrosplenial, and temporal association cortices. The patterns of MO projections are similar to those of the mPFC, whereas the projections of VO overlap with those of the ventrolateral orbital cortex (VLO). This suggests that MO serves functions comparable to those of the mPFC, such as goal‐directed behavior, and VO performs functions similar to VLO such as directed attention. MO/VO may also serve as a link between lateral orbital and medial prefrontal cortices. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:3766–3801, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mathematical approach for predicting non‐negative tristimulus values using the CAT02 chromatic adaptation transform
Authors: Li Changjun , Perales Esther , Luo M. Ronnier , Martínez‐Verdú Francisco 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIt has been reported that for certain colour samples, the chromatic adaptation transform CAT02 imbedded in the CIECAM02 colour appearance model predicts corresponding colours with negative tristimulus values (TSVs), which can cause problems in certain applications. To overcome this problem, a mathematical approach is proposed for modifying CAT02. This approach combines a non‐negativity constraint for the TSVs of corresponding colours with the minimization of the colour differences between those values for the corresponding colours obtained by visual observations and the TSVs of the corresponding colours predicted by the model, which is a constrained non‐linear optimization problem. By solving the non‐linear optimization problem, a new matrix is found. The performance of the CAT02 transform with various matrices including the original CAT02 matrix, and the new matrix are tested using visual datasets and the optimum colours. Test results show that the CAT02 with the new matrix predicted corresponding colours without negative TSVs for all optimum colours and the colour matching functions of the two CIE standard observers under the test illuminants considered. However, the accuracy with the new matrix for predicting the visual data is approximately 1 CIELAB colour difference unit worse compared with the original CAT02. This indicates that accuracy has to be sacrificed to achieve the non‐negativity constraint for the TSVs of the corresponding colours. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2011
Mobile device access control: an improved correlation based face authentication scheme and its Java ME application
Authors: Xi Kai , Hu Jiankun , Han Fengling 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYThis paper investigates face authentication based access control solutions for camera‐equipped mobile devices. A new hierarchical correlation based face authentication (HCFA) scheme is proposed, which suits resource‐constrained mobile devices such as mobile phones and personal digital assistants. The idea of HCFA is conducting a partial correlation output peak analysis (analyze the relationship between each cross‐correlation output peak generated from selected sub‐regions of a face), in conjunction with conventional direct cross‐correlation methods. The experimental results on the public domain database demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieved better performance than that of the conventional direct correlation based schemes. Furthermore, HCFA was implemented on the Nokia S60 CLDC emulator using Java ME (previously J2ME) programming technology in order to test the applicability and implementability. The test results show that the proposed algorithm is implementable on mobile devices. It not only shortens processing time but also reduces resource demand significantly, compared with the direct correlation algorithms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A concurrent key exchange protocol based on commuting matrices
Authors: Almulla M. , Kanso A. , Ghebleh M. 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, we suggest a cryptographic protocol for symmetric key exchange based on a set of m commutative square singular matrices of dimension n×n. The suggested scheme provides a concurrent technique for users of symmetric‐key cipher systems to securely exchange their private keys over public channels. This protocol is shown to possess a high level of security based on the algorithm's parameters. We also present a scheme for generating pseudorandom numbers from a single chaotic map for use in various applications, in particular, the suggested key exchange protocol.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance evaluation of lifetime‐driven admission control for infrastructure‐less clustered wireless networks
Authors: Djouama Amir , Mokdad Lynda , Abdennebi Marwen 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYClassical call admission control schemes focus on QoS enhancements because radio bandwidth will be allocated for mobile communications. Both of radio bandwidth and lifetime duration of mobile node are very important and precious for resources allocation in wireless networks. In this paper, we present a novel admission control for infrastructure‐less clustered wireless networks. The proposed admission control is based on QoS constraints and the lifetime duration of mobile nodes, including speed and power consumption parameters. Some new schemes are introduced, QoS parameters are negotiated during the admission procedure, and a forced handover technique is developed instead of reject flows, using a centralized view of topology. The performance of the proposed scheme was analyzed and evaluated with respect to throughput and call blocking probability, using different classes of traffic. Furthermore, simulation results confirmed the effectiveness of the admission control schemes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.