bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ measurements of target strength with optical and model verification: a case study for blue grenadier, Macruronus novaezelandiae
Authors: Kloser Rudy J. , Ryan Tim E. , Macaulay Gavin J. , Lewis Mark E. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Kloser, R. J., Ryan, T. E., Macaulay, G. J., and Lewis, M. E. 2011. In situ measurements of target strength with optical and model verification: a case study for blue grenadier, Macruronus novaezelandiae. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1986–1995. In situ measurements of target strength (TS) of isolated fish surrounding dense schools need to be representative of the schooling fish to calculate their echo-integrated biomass. Using synchronous optical and acoustic measurements from a pelagic fishing net, the standard length (81 cm, n = 128), tilt-angle (−9°), and net-disturbed in situ TS (−34.4 dB) of Australian Macruronus novaezelandiae (blue grenadier) were confirmed at depth. In situ drift experiments of assumed undisturbed but dispersed blue grenadier recorded a mean TS of −31.8 dB (CI −33.1 to −30.9 dB) with attributed fish standard lengths of 83 cm (s.d. 7.5 cm) and weight 2.5 kg. Modelling the gasbladder showed that uncertainties in fish length, orientation, and gasbladder size could explain the differences observed. Blue grenadiers have negative buoyancy because the cavity size of their gasbladder is smaller than the volume of gas required for neutral buoyancy at depth. For the same species and length, New Zealand hoki weigh less and have smaller gasbladders than Australian blue grenadier, suggesting a conversion factor of 1.10 in length for comparative measurements. Net-attached acoustic and optical measurements indicate that model and drift in situ measurements are biased high by 2.9 and 1.0 dB, respectively. Net-attached acoustic and optical measurements are a cost-effective method of monitoring TS routinely at depth for changes in species length and weight.
Improving marketability through translocation: a lobster case study from southern Australia
Authors: Chandrapavan Arani , Gardner Caleb , Green Bridget S. , Linnane Adrian , Hobday David 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Chandrapavan, A., Gardner, C., Green, B. S., Linnane, A., and Hobday, D. 2011. Improving marketability through translocation: a lobster case study from southern Australia. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1842–1851. Translocation as a method to increase the value of less-marketable, deep-water southern rock lobster Jasus edwardsii was explored. First, variation in the commercially important shell colouration and body shape between deep- and shallow-water Tasmanian populations and among South Australian and Victorian populations was quantified. Deep-water J. edwardsii were pale in colour, with longer walking legs but less meat content than shallow-water, red-coloured J. edwardsii. Traits in body shape were variable among deep-water populations across the three states and between sexes in each population. Deep-water lobsters were then translocated to a shallow-water inshore reef to determine whether the observed variation in traits was plastic and whether translocation could be used to improve the quality of deep-water lobsters. Translocated lobsters were then monitored over a 14-month post-release period, and during this time, they changed from a pale/white colour to the more marketable red colour within a single moult. Plasticity was observed in tail morphology, but not in leg morphology. The translocation experiment was successful in transforming pale/white deep-water lobsters into red lobsters with higher market value in a phenotypic response to habitat manipulation. Translocation appears to have commercial application for exploiting natural plasticity in the market traits of lobsters to increase price.
An introduction to the proceedings and a synthesis of the 2010 ICES Symposium on Fishery-Dependent Information
Authors: Graham Norman , Grainger Richard , Karp William A. , MacLennan David N. , MacMullen Philip , Nedreaas Kjell 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Graham, N., Grainger, R., Karp, W. A., MacLennan, D. N., MacMullen, P., and Nedreaas, K. 2011. An introduction to the proceedings and a synthesis of the 2010 ICES Symposium on Fishery-Dependent Information. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1593–1597. Current problems and issues concerning the collection and use of fishery-dependent information are reviewed and selected papers in the pages following highlight emergent findings in the field. Key issues include relationships between stakeholders, especially fishers and scientists, and how to develop these constructively, the increasing demands on the quality and range of data on fishing activities and exploitation rates needed to promote the ecosystem approach to fishery management, and technological advances that have allowed new approaches and insights.
A Large-Scale Genetic Screen in Arabidopsis to Identify Genes Involved in Pollen Exine Production
Authors: Dobritsa Anna A. , Geanconteri Aliza , Shrestha Jay , Carlson Ann , Kooyers Nicholas , Coerper Daniel , Urbanczyk-Wochniak Ewa , Bench Bennie J. , Sumner Lloyd W. , Swanson Robert , Preuss Daphne 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Exine, the outer plant pollen wall, has elaborate species-specific patterns, provides a protective barrier for male gametophytes, and serves as a mediator of strong and species-specific pollen-stigma adhesion. Exine is made of sporopollenin, a material remarkable for its strength, elasticity, and chemical durability. The chemical nature of sporopollenin, as well as the developmental mechanisms that govern its assembly into diverse patterns in different species, are poorly understood. Here, we describe a simple yet effective genetic screen in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) that was undertaken to advance our understanding of sporopollenin synthesis and exine assembly. This screen led to the recovery of mutants with a variety of defects in exine structure, including multiple mutants with novel phenotypes. Fifty-six mutants were selected for further characterization and are reported here. In 14 cases, we have mapped defects to specific genes, including four with previously demonstrated or suggested roles in exine development (MALE STERILITY2, CYP703A2, ANTHER-SPECIFIC PROTEIN6, TETRAKETIDE α-PYRONE REDUCTASE/DIHYDROFLAVONOL-4-REDUCTASE-LIKE1), and a number of genes that have not been implicated in exine production prior to this screen (among them, fatty acid ω-hydroxylase CYP704B1, putative glycosyl transferases At1g27600 and At1g33430, 4-coumarate-coenzyme A ligase 4CL3, polygalacturonase QUARTET3, novel gene At5g58100, and nucleotide-sugar transporter At5g65000). Our study illustrates that morphological screens of pollen can be extremely fruitful in identifying previously unknown exine genes and lays the foundation for biochemical, developmental, and evolutionary studies of exine production.
The association between the incidence of emergency department attendances for alcohol problems and assault incidents attended by police in New South Wales, Australia, 2003–2008: a time–series analysis
Authors: Descallar Joseph , Muscatello David J. , Weatherburn Don , Chu Matthew , Moffatt Steve 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTAim  To assess the short‐term temporal relationship between emergency department (ED) attendances for acute alcohol problems and assaults reported to police.Design  Cross‐sectional time–series analysis.Setting  Population of New South Wales (NSW), Australia between 2003 and 2008.Participants  All patients who attended any of 56 large NSW public hospital EDs and had a recorded diagnosis of acute alcohol problems, and all persons involved in assault incidents reported to the NSW Police Force.Measurements  Weekly count time–series were formed for ED attendances, assault incidents and persons of interest in assault incidents. Cross‐correlation analysis was used to determine any time lag in the relationship between the alcohol and the assault series. Poisson regression was used to assess the magnitude of the relationship. Splines of week controlled for seasonality.Findings  There was no time lag found between the ED and police series. A weekly increase of 100 attendances in people aged 15 years and above to EDs for alcohol problems was associated with an 11% [95% confidence interval (CI): 7–15%] increase in the number of incident assaults attended by police. The relationship was similar and statistically significant for domestic and non‐domestic assaults and urban areas. The association was stronger between ED attendances and persons of interest aged 15–24 years (27%, 95% CI: 15–41%), 15–24‐year‐old males (39%, 95% CI: 16–66%) and 15–24‐year‐old females (66%, 95% CI: 20–129%).Conclusions  There is a clear, short‐term temporal association between independent population‐level markers of excessive alcohol use and violence.
Pectate lyase affects pathogenicity in natural isolates of Colletotrichum coccodes and in pelA gene‐disrupted and gene‐overexpressing mutant lines
Authors: BEN‐DANIEL BAT‐HEN , BAR‐ZVI DUDY , TSROR (LAHKIM) LEAH 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYColletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) S. Hughes, the causal agent of black dot on potato and anthracnose on tomato, reduces yield and crop quality. We explored the role of secreted pectate lyase (PL), a cell wall‐degrading enzyme, in the aggressiveness of C. coccodes. In vitro‐cultivated highly aggressive isolates secreted immunologically detectable PL levels 6 h after transfer to secondary medium versus 12 h for mildly aggressive isolates, suggesting that secreted PL is a virulence factor. The gene encoding PL, CcpelA, was cloned and used for the genetic manipulation of highly (US‐41 and Si‐72) and mildly (Si‐60) aggressive isolates. CcpelA gene‐disrupted mutants showed reduced aggressiveness towards tomato fruits and impaired PL secretion and extracellular activity. Conversely, overexpression of CcpelA in the Si‐60 isolate increased its aggressiveness and PL secretion. Comparison of CcpelA cloned from isolates US‐41 and Si‐60 revealed that both encode identical proteins, but differ in their promoters. Bioinformatics analysis for cis‐acting elements suggested that the promoters of the US‐41 and Si‐60 isolates contain one and no AreA‐binding site (GATA box), respectively. AreA has been suggested to be involved in fungal aggressiveness; therefore, CcpelA may be a key virulence factor in C. coccodes pathogenicity, and the differences in isolate aggressiveness might result from promoter activity. Quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction analyses confirmed the higher level of CcpelA transcript in isolate US‐41 versus Si‐60.
Clinical evaluation of stethoscope‐guided inflation of tracheal tube cuffs
Authors: Kumar R. D. C. , Hirsch N. P. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryTracheal tube cuffs are commonly inflated to pressures exceeding the recommended upper limit of 30 cmH2O. We evaluated whether a stethoscope‐guided method of cuff inflation results in pressures within the recommended range. Patients were randomly assigned to receive one of two methods of cuff inflation. In the standard ‘just seal’ group, air was introduced into the tracheal cuff until the audible leak at the mouth disappeared. In the stethoscope‐guided group, air was introduced into the cuff until a change from harsh to soft breath sounds occurred, whilst listening with a stethoscope bell placed over the thyroid cartilage. Twenty‐five patients were recruited to each group. The median (IQR [range]) cuff pressure in the ‘just seal’ group was 34 (28–40 [18–49]) cmH2O, and in the stethoscope‐guided group was 20 (20–26 [16–28]) cmH2O, p < 0.0001. The stethoscope‐guided method of tracheal tube cuff inflation is a novel, simple technique that reliably results in acceptable tracheal cuff pressures.
Anaesthesia for 1131 patients undergoing proximal femoral fracture repair: a retrospective, observational study of effects on blood pressure, fluid administration and perioperative anaemia
Authors: Wood R. J. , White S. M. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryIntra‐operative hypotension is a frequent occurrence during anaesthesia for hip fracture surgery in older patients with co‐morbidities. We analysed retrospective data from the Brighton Hip Fracture Database to determine the intra‐operative fall in systolic blood pressure, and the incidence of absolute (lowest systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg) and relative (> 20% fall in systolic blood pressure from baseline) hypotension during general or spinal anaesthesia among 1131 non‐consecutive patients with hip fracture. General anaesthesia for 489 patients (43.2%) produced a greater mean (SD) fall in systolic blood pressure than spinal anaesthesia for 578 patients (51.1%): 34.2% (13.0%) vs 29.7% (10.8%), respectively (p < 0.0001), mean difference 4.5% (95% CI 3.1–5.9%), and was associated with greater mean (SD) intra‐operative fluid administration (1555 (801) ml vs 1375 (621) ml, respectively, p < 0.0001). We observed a correlation between the volume of subarachnoid hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% and fall in systolic blood pressure (p = 0.004): compared with patients receiving > 1.5 ml (n = 463), fewer patients receiving ≤ 1.5 ml bupivacaine 0.5% (n = 97) experienced episodes of absolute (31.1% vs 11.3%, p < 0.0001) or relative (83.9% vs 26.8%, p < 0.0001) hypotension. Both mean (SD) intravenous fluid administration (1097 ml (439) vs 1431 ml (638), p < 0.0001) and mean peri‐operative fall in haemoglobin concentration (2.1 (1.8) g.dl−1 vs 2.6 (1.7) g.dl−1 , p = 0.009) were lower in the low‐dose spinal group. If these data are confirmed by other researchers, intra‐operative hypotension (and consequent haemodilution secondary to reactive fluid administration) in this patient group may be reduced by the simple expedient of administering more cautious general anaesthesia, or reduced volumes of subarachnoid local anaesthetic.
Studies on the spread of local anaesthetic solution in transversus abdominis plane blocks*
Authors: Carney J. , Finnerty O. , Rauf J. , Bergin D. , Laffey J. G. , Mc Donnell J. G. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThe extent of analgesia provided by transversus abdominis plane blocks depends upon the site of injection and pattern of spread within the plane. There are currently a number of ultrasound‐guided approaches in use, including an anterior oblique‐subcostal approach, a mid‐axillary approach and a more recently proposed posterior approach. We wished to determine whether the site of injection of local anaesthetic into the transversus abdominis plane affects the spread of the local anaesthetic within that plane, by studying the spread of a local anaesthetic and contrast solution in four groups of volunteers. The first group underwent the classical landmark‐based transversus abdominis plane block whereby two different volumes of injectate were studied: 0.3 ml.kg−1 vs 0.6 ml.kg−1. The second group underwent transversus abdominis plane block using the anterior subcostal approach. The third group underwent transversus abdominis plane block using the mid‐axillary approach. The fourth group underwent transversus abdominis plane block using the posterior approach, in which local anaesthetic was deposited close to the antero‐lateral border of the quadratus lumborum. All volunteers subsequently underwent magnetic resonance imaging at 1, 2 and 4 h following each block to determine the spread of local anaesthetic over time. The studies demonstrated that the anterior subcostal and mid‐axillary ultrasound approaches resulted in a predominantly anterior spread of the contrast solution within the transversus abdominis plane and relatively little posterior spread. There was no spread to the paravertebral space with the anterior subcostal approach. The mid‐axillary transversus abdominis plane block gave faint contrast enhancement in the paravertebral space at T12‐L2. In contrast, the posterior approaches, using both landmark and ultrasound identifications, resulted in predominantly posterior spread of contrast around the quadratus lumborum to the paravertebral space from T5 to L1 vertebral levels. We concluded that the pattern of spread of local anaesthetic differs depending on the site of injection into the transversus abdominis plane. This may have important implications for the extent of analgesia produced with each approach.
Dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ) can suppress tumour necrosis factor-α production in lipopolysaccharide-injected mice, resulting in rescuing mice from deathin vivo
Authors: Shimo T , Adachi Y , Umezawa K , Okigaki M , Takaya J , Taniuchi S , Ikehara S , Kaneko K 
Published: August 2011

SummaryDehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ), a new nuclear factor (NF)-κB inhibitor, has several beneficial effects, including the suppression of tumour growth and anti-inflammatory effects. DHMEQ can also suppress the production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. In the present study, we examine the effects of DHMEQ on TNF-α production in vivo and on the survival of mice injected with LPS. When DHMEQ was injected into mice 2 h before LPS injection, the survival of the LPS-injected mice was prolonged. When DHMEQ was injected twice (2 h before LPS injection and the day after LPS injection), all the mice were rescued. The injection of DHMEQ 1 h after LPS injection and the day after LPS injection also resulted in the rescue of all mice. The serum levels of TNF-α in the mice that received both LPS and DHMEQ were suppressed compared to the mice that received only LPS. These results suggest that DHMEQ can be utilized for the prevention and treatment of endotoxin shock.
The effect of parathyroidectomy on neuropsychological symptoms and biochemical parameters in patients with asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Kahal Hassan , Aye Mo , Rigby Alan S. , Sathyapalan Thozhukat , England R. J. A. , Atkin Stephen L. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryBackground  With increased biochemical screening, primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is often discovered incidentally whilst patients are asymptomatic.Objective  To assess the impact of parathyroidectomy on neuropsychological symptoms and biochemical parameters in people with asymptomatic pHPT, whilst controlling for the surgical procedure.Patients/design/measurements  Twenty‐four patients with asymptomatic pHPT requiring parathyroidectomy, in accordance with National Institutes for Health recommendations, were recruited prospectively. A control group of 23 subjects was recruited simultaneously from consecutive patients undergoing diagnostic hemithyroidectomy (HT) for benign thyroid nodules. Operations were performed by a single surgeon. Biochemical investigations and neuropsychological symptoms were measured preoperatively and 3 months after surgery. Neuropsychological symptoms were measured using the Hospital Anxiety (HAD‐A) and Depression (HAD‐D) scales and the Mood Rating Scale (MRS).Results  Postoperatively, calcium and parathyroid hormone normalized in all patients in the pHPT group. Patients with pHPT showed a significant improvement in neuropsychological symptoms with a pre‐ and postoperative mean change of 2·45 ± 2·57 (P < 0·05) on HAD‐A, 2·79 ± 3·85 (P < 0·05) on HAD‐D, and 3·2 ± 4·57 (P < 0·05) on MRS, parameters that were unaltered in the HT group. The differences between the two groups remained statistically significant after adjustment for age and sex for HAD‐D (mean change 2·8, 95% CI = 0·3, 5·3, P = 0·025) and MRS (mean difference 3·5, 95% CI = 0·4, 6·7, P = 0·027) but not for HAD‐A (mean difference 1·5, 95% CI = −0·8, 3·8, P = 0·20). For all three mental health scores, there were no significant associations with either age or sex.Conclusions  Asymptomatic pHPT is associated with neuropsychological symptoms that improve after parathyroidectomy.
The effectiveness of community day‐long CBT‐I workshops for participants with insomnia symptoms: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: SWIFT NAOMI , STEWART ROBERT , ANDIAPPAN MANOHARAN , SMITH ANNA , ESPIE COLIN A. , BROWN JUNE S. L. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryInsomnia is a very common and disabling symptom. Whilst evidence for the efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy for people diagnosed with insomnia (CBT‐I) is strong, few people seek help and not many services offer CBT‐I. Less intensive adaptations of CBT‐I have been shown to be valuable, and given the size of the problem and low rates of help‐seeking, an accessible intervention with a large capacity is needed. Day‐long CBT‐I psycho‐educational workshops (each for up to 30 people), to which members of the public with insomnia symptoms could self‐refer, have been developed. This randomised controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of these workshops. Baseline measures were taken from 151 participants, who were then randomised to experimental or waiting‐list control groups. Scores of the experimental group and the control group were compared 3 months after baseline. Random effects models found a significant interaction between time and group, indicating differences between the control and experimental groups on the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Post hoc analyses indicated that ISI scores decreased significantly in the experimental group, but not in the control group. Promising results were also found on corroborative sleep diary measures. Access to the workshops was good, with 50% of participants having never previously sought help for sleep difficulties from their GP. CBT‐I workshops proved to be both accessible and effective in reducing insomnia symptoms in the medium term. They may represent a feasible brief intervention with the potential to address unmet treatment needs of adults complaining of insomnia symptoms.
Refugial isolation and divergence in the Narrowheaded Gartersnake species complex (Thamnophis rufipunctatus) as revealed by multilocus DNA sequence data
Authors: WOOD DUSTIN A. , VANDERGAST A. G. , LEMOS ESPINAL J. A. , FISHER R. N. , HOLYCROSS A. T. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractGlacial–interglacial cycles of the Pleistocene are hypothesized as one of the foremost contributors to biological diversification. This is especially true for cold‐adapted montane species, where range shifts have had a pronounced effect on population‐level divergence. Gartersnakes of the Thamnophis rufipunctatus species complex are restricted to cold headwater streams in the highlands of the Sierra Madre Occidental and southwestern USA. We used coalescent and multilocus phylogenetic approaches to test whether genetic diversification of this montane‐restricted species complex is consistent with two prevailing models of range fluctuation for species affected by Pleistocene climate changes. Our concatenated nuDNA and multilocus species analyses recovered evidence for the persistence of multiple lineages that are restricted geographically, despite a mtDNA signature consistent with either more recent connectivity (and introgression) or recent expansion (and incomplete lineage sorting). Divergence times estimated using a relaxed molecular clock and fossil calibrations fall within the Late Pleistocene, and zero gene flow scenarios among current geographically isolated lineages could not be rejected. These results suggest that increased climate shifts in the Late Pleistocene have driven diversification and current range retraction patterns and that the differences between markers reflect the stochasticity of gene lineages (i.e. ancestral polymorphism) rather than gene flow and introgression. These results have important implications for the conservation of T. rufipunctatus (sensu novo), which is restricted to two drainage systems in the southwestern US and has undergone a recent and dramatic decline.