bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed, Hydride‐Mediated Reductive Cross‐Coupling of Vinyl Halides and Grignard Reagents.
Authors: Le Bailly Bryden A. F. , Greenhalgh Mark D. , Thomas Stephen P. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAn iron‐catalyzed, hydride‐mediated reductive cross‐coupling reaction is developed for the preparation of alkanes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Flask Tethered Ring Closing Metathesis—Electrocyclic Ring Opening for the Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Conjugated Z/E‐Dienes.
Authors: Schmidt Bernd , Kunz Oliver 
Published: May 2012

AbstractRing closing metathesis of butenoates (III) is combined with base‐induced ring opening in one‐flask following an operationally simple procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of 2‐Aminobuta‐1,3‐enynes in Asymmetric Organocascade Catalysis: Construction of Drug‐Like Spirocyclic Cyclohexanes Having Five to Six Contiguous Stereocenters.
Authors: Ramachary Dhevalapally B. , Venkaiah Chintalapudi , Krishna Patoju Murali 
Published: May 2012

AbstractReaction of β‐ketoalkynes (I) and (XI) with indandione (II) and various aldehydes proceeds by a reflexive‐Michael reaction in the presence of a primary amine—benzoic acid catalyst pair to give polyfunctionalized spirocyclic compounds, e.g. (IV), (IX) or (XII), with high to excellent enantioselectivity (up to <99% e.e.).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Optically Active Allenes from Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Ma Shengming , et al. et al. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractChiral allenols are prepared in moderate to good yields and high enantioselectivities from terminal secondary or tertiary propargylic alcohols and aldehydes according to the three‐step sequence shown.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene—Palladium(II)—1‐Methylimidazole Complex Catalyzed α‐Arylation of Ketones with Aryl Chlorides.
Authors: Xiao Zheng‐Kang , Shao Li‐Xiong 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe easily available Pd complex is a useful catalyst for the title reaction under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Aryl(het)cyclopropane Catalyzed by Palladacycle.
Authors: Zhang Min , Xui Xiuling , Chen Xiaopei , Wang Lianhui , Li Jingya , Wu Yusheng , Hou Lifen , Wu Yangjie 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA highly active catalyst is found for the Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Gold(III)‐Catalyzed Diels—Alder Reaction of 1‐(2‐Furyl)‐hex‐1‐en‐5‐yn‐3‐ol Derivatives: A Short and Generalized Route for the Synthesis of Hydroxyphenanthrene Derivatives.
Authors: Samanta Khokan , Kar Gandhi K. , Sarkar Achintya K. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAldehydes of type (I) and (IV) bearing an adjacent furyl substituent are transformed to the corresponding allylic and propargylic alcohols by In‐promoted reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Connective Assembly of Highly Functionalized Benzofurans Using o‐Hydroxyphenones and Dichloroethylene.
Authors: Schevenels Florian , Marko Istvan E. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCondensation reaction of various substituted o‐hydroxyphenones with dichloroethylene (II) proceeds under basic conditions to give chloromethylene furans, which rearrange to benzofuran carbaldehydes under mild acidic conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Pyrrole Derivatives.
Authors: Rostami‐Charati Faramarz , Hossaini Zinatossadat , Khalilzadeh Mohammad A. , Jafaryan Hojatollah 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA one‐pot synthesis of pyrrole derivatives via the reaction between activated carbonyl compounds, primary amines and 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds under solvent‐free conditions is described.
ChemInform Abstract: A Small Chemical Library of 2‐Aminoimidazole Derivatives as BACE‐1 Inhibitors: Structure‐Based Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation.
Authors: Roberti Marinella , et al. et al. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractStructure‐based design and microwave‐assisted synthesis of a novel small library of 2‐aminoimidazoles (III) as β‐secretase inhibitors are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of 4‐Arylidene‐2‐phenyl‐1H‐imidazol‐5(4H)‐ones.
Authors: Shi Feng , Zeng Xiao‐Ning , Wu Fei‐Yue , Yan Shu , Zheng Wei‐Fa , Tu Shu‐Tiang 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAmong compounds (II), derivative (IIa) shows the highest free radical scavenging capacity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Identification of the Novel Urazolediamine with Phthalimide Group.
Authors: Mighani H. , Isfahani H. Nasr , Mighani S. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe urazolediamine (VI), a useful monomer for the preparation of polyamides, polyesters, and polyimides, is obtained in eight steps starting from 4‐nitrobenzoic acid (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some New 1‐Acyl‐5‐aryl‐3‐ (5‐methyl‐1‐p‐tolyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazoles.
Authors: Dong Heng‐Shan , Wang Yan‐Fei , Shen Guo‐Liang , Quan Bin , Dong Wang‐Jun 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTitle triazolyldihydropyrazoles (V) are prepared as potential anti‐tuberculosis agents.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Pyridinyl Analogues of Dibenzylideneacetone (pyr‐dba) via an Improved Claisen—Schmidt Condensation, Displaying Diverse Biological Activities as Curcumin Analogues.
Authors: Cao Bin , Wang Yong , Ding Kan , Neamati Nouri , Long Ya‐Qiu 
Published: May 2012

AbstractNovel pyridinyl analogues (III) of curcumin (IV) are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized Indolizines via Copper‐Catalyzed Annulation of 2‐Alkylazaarenes with α,β‐Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Yang Yuzhu , Xie Chunsong , Xie Yongju , Zhang Yuhong 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe novel synthesis of indolizines from readily available azaarenes and α,β‐unsaturated carboxylic acids uses an inexpensive copper catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: A Pd‐Catalyzed Cascade Protocol Towards 2‐Alkyl‐4‐aryl‐4H‐benz[1,4]oxazin‐3‐ones from Aryl Amines and 2‐(2‐Halophenoxy)alkanoates.
Authors: Feng Gaofeng , Yin Fangling , Chen Fengjiang , Song Qingbao , Qi Chenze 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIodides are most suitable as substrates if the ester side chain bears an active methylene group.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepin‐1‐ones.
Authors: Nardi Monica , Cozza Annalisa , De Nino Antonio , Oliverio Manuela , Procopio Antonio 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA simple one‐pot two‐step synthesis affords the target compounds as inhibitors of hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of 3‐Alkyl‐1,5,3‐dioxazepanes and Their Use as Electrophiles in Double‐Mannich Reactions.
Authors: Sparrow Kevin , Barker David , Brimble Margaret A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe dioxazepanes react with cyclic β‐ketoesters or ketones in the presence of MeSiCl3 as activator to give azabicycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Physisorption for Self‐Assembly of Supramolecular Systems: A Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Perspective
Authors: Mali Kunal S. , Adisoejoso Jinne , De Cat Inge , Balandina Tanya , Ghijsens Elke , Guo Zongxia , Li Min , Pillai Mahesh Sankara , Vanderlinden Willem , Xu Hong , et al. et al. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractReview: 67 refs.
The sox gene Dichaete is expressed in local interneurons and functions in development of the Drosophila adult olfactory circuit
Authors: Melnattur Krishna V. , Berdnik Daniela , Rusan Zeid , Ferreira Christopher J. , Nambu John R. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn insects, the primary sites of integration for olfactory sensory input are the glomeruli in the antennal lobes. Here, axons of olfactory receptor neurons synapse with dendrites of the projection neurons that relay olfactory input to higher brain centers, such as the mushroom bodies and lateral horn. Interactions between olfactory receptor neurons and projection neurons are modulated by excitatory and inhibitory input from a group of local interneurons. While significant insight has been gleaned into the differentiation of olfactory receptor and projection neurons, much less is known about the development and function of the local interneurons. We have found that Dichaete, a conserved Sox HMG box gene, is strongly expressed in a cluster of LAAL cells located adjacent to each antennal lobe in the adult brain. Within these clusters, Dichaete protein expression is detected in both cholinergic and GABAergic local interneurons. In contrast, Dichaete expression is not detected in mature or developing projection neurons, or developing olfactory receptor neurons. Analysis of novel viable Dichaete mutant alleles revealed misrouting of specific projection neuron dendrites and axons, and alterations in glomeruli organization. These results suggest noncell autonomous functions of Dichaete in projection neuron differentiation as well as a potential role for Dichaete‐expressing local interneurons in development of the adult olfactory circuitry. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2013
Life of a bifurcation in a gravel‐bed braided river
Authors: Bertoldi Walter 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTChannel bifurcation is a key element in braided rivers, determining the water and sediment distribution and hence controlling the morphological evolution. Recent theoretical and experimental findings, as well as field observations, showed that bifurcations in gravel‐bed braided rivers are often asymmetrical and highly unstable. In this paper field data are presented on a bifurcation in the Tagliamento River, northeast Italy. The planform configuration of the bifurcation and its temporal evolution was monitored by an automatic digital camera during a series of seven floods with different magnitudes. This remote sensing technique allowed a high temporal resolution (pictures were acquired every hour) that was proved to be essential in a highly dynamic system as the one considered here. Digitized maps of the channels provided information on the location of the bifurcation, the width of the anabranches, the angle between them, along with the occurrence and migration of sediment bars. Data were acquired at two different water levels, giving the possibility to compare low and high flow conditions. The monitored bifurcation is largely unstable and shows sudden changes in the water distribution, mainly driven by the bar migrating in the upstream channel and entering the distributaries. A relationship between width asymmetry and flood magnitude was observed, confirming previous analyses. Moreover, recent theoretical findings were applied, in order to test the possibility to estimate general trends in bifurcation evolution. The analysis pointed out the relevance of a correct assessment of the characteristic temporal scales, as the bifurcation evolves on a timescale similar to that of bar migration and flood duration. Understanding the interactions between these processes is therefore crucial in order to increase the ability to model and predict the morphological evolution of a braided network. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The combined stress effects of atrazine and cadmium on the earthworm Eisenia fetida
Authors: Wang Jin-Hua , Zhu Lu-Sheng , Meng Yan , Wang Jun , Xie Hui , Zhang Qing-Ming 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
To assess the combined toxic effects of atrazine and cadmium on earthworms, specimens of Eisenia fetida were exposed in artificial soil to three concentrations of atrazine (0, 0.5, and 2.5 mg kg−1) and a range of concentrations of cadmium (Cd; 0, 0.03, 0.3, and 3.0 mg kg−1) both singly and as mixtures. The DNA damage and internal atrazine and cadmium concentrations were assessed in earthworms on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 of the treatment. The results showed that the olive tail moments (OTMs) at individual atrazine and cadmium concentrations were significantly higher than those of the controls (p &lt; 0.01). As exposure to atrazine or cadmium progressed, the OTMs increased and the maximum value occurred on day 28. In all combined treatments, the OTMs were much less than those of the sum of individual atrazine and cadmium OTMs, suggesting that the combined effects of atrazine and cadmium were less than additive. The less than additive toxicity of atrazine and cadmium might be due to the formation of atrazine–cadmium complexes or the activation of detoxification isozymes. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between internal atrazine or cadmium concentrations and DNA damage in most exposures, indicating that body residues were consistent with toxicity response. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 2035–2040. © 2012 SETAC
Does occupational lifting and carrying among female health care workers contribute to an escalation of pain‐day frequency?
Authors: Holtermann A. , Clausen T. , Aust B. , Mortensen O.S. , Andersen L.L. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the study was to investigate if different frequencies, loads and trunk postures of occupational lifting and carrying increases the risk of sub‐chronic (1–30 days last 12 months) low back pain (LBP) to become persistent (>30 days last 12 months) among female health care workers.MethodsFemale health care workers answered a questionnaire about occupational lifting or carrying frequency (rarely, occasionally and frequently), load (low: 1–7 kg, moderate: 8–30 kg and heavy: >30 kg) and trunk posture (upright or forward bent back), and days with LBP in 2005 and 2006.ResultsThe odds ratio (OR) for developing persistent LBP in 2006 from these characteristics of occupational lifting and carrying was investigated with multi‐adjusted logistic regressions among female health care workers with sub‐chronic LBP (n = 2381) in 2005. Among health care workers with sub‐chronic LBP, increased risk of persistent LBP was found from frequently lifting or carrying with forward bent back of moderate loads (OR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.15–2.33) and heavy loads (OR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.04–2.34). No increased risk for LBP to develop into a persistent condition was found for frequent lifting with upright back, frequent lifting or carrying of light loads, or occasionally lifting or carrying of any loads.ConclusionsPreventive initiatives for sub‐chronic LBP to develop into a persistent condition ought to focus on reducing frequent lifting and carrying of moderate and heavy loads with forward bent back.
Effect of triazine derivative added to denture materials on a microcosm biofilm model
Authors: de Moraes Aline Pinheiro , Barwaldt Caroline Konzgen , Nunes Thaís Zorzoli , Sarkis‐Onofre Rafael , Ogliari Fabrício Aulo , Boscato Noéli , Pereira‐Cenci Tatiana 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the effect of triazine incorporation to denture materials on biofilm formation of saliva derived from microcosms of patients who are positive for Candida albicans. Biofilms were formed on microwave‐cured acrylic resin, one hard denture liner, and two soft denture liners containing 0, 2.5, 5, and 10% triazine. For experimental subset (n = 10), mechanical properties of the materials and colony‐forming unit counts from the biofilms formed on the materials were assessed. Flexural strength and modulus decreased with the addition of 2.5% triazine (p < 0.01). In general, the addition of 5 and 10% triazine leaded to more soluble materials (p < 0.001). Saliva donor with candidiasis resulted in higher counts of total microorganisms (p = 0.0294) and Streptococci (p = 0.0008). Soft denture liners showed the highest counts for total microorganisms, Streptococci, and Candida species (p < 0.001). The addition of triazine directly to denture materials was not beneficial in reducing biofilm formation in a complex biofilm model. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Antagonist of microRNA‐21 improves balloon injury‐induced rat iliac artery remodeling by regulating proliferation and apoptosis of adventitial fibroblasts and myofibroblasts
Authors: Wang Fei , Zhao Xue‐Qiang , Liu Jun‐Ni , Wang Zhi‐Hao , Wang Xiu‐Ling , Hou Xiao‐Yang , Liu Rong , Gao Fei , Zhang Ming‐Xiang , Zhang Yun , Bu Pei‐Li 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMolecular pathways involved in adventitial fibroblasts (AFs) and myofibroblasts (MFs) proliferation and apoptosis contribute to vascular remodeling. MicroRNA‐21 (miR‐21) plays an important role in regulating cellular proliferation and apoptosis of many cell types; however, the effect of miR‐21 on AFs and MFs is still unknown. In this study, we found that miR‐21 was expressed in AFs and overexpressed in MFs. Inhibition of miR‐21 decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis of AFs and MFs, and overexpression of miR‐21 with pre‐miR‐21 had the reverse effect. Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4), related to cell proliferation and apoptosis, was validated as a direct target of miR‐21 by dual‐luciferase reporter assay and gain and loss of function of miR‐21 in AFs and MFs. PDCD4 knockdown with siRNA partly rescued the reduced proliferation with miR‐21 inhibition and alleviated the increased apoptosis induced by miR‐21 inhibition in AFs and MFs. Moreover, increasing PDCD4 expression by miR‐21 inhibition significantly decreased JNK/c‐Jun activity. In contrast, decreasing PDCD4 expression by pre‐miR‐21 treatment increased JNK/c‐Jun activity, while the effect of miR‐21 inhibition on JNK/c‐Jun activity could be rescued by PDCD4 siRNA. Moreover, miR‐21 inhibition could regulate proliferation and apoptosis of vascular AFs and MFs in vivo. Furthermore, miR‐21 inhibition reversed vascular remodeling induced by balloon injury. In summary, our findings demonstrate that miR‐21 may have a critical role in regulating proliferation and apoptosis of AFs and MFs, and PDCD4 is a functional target gene involved in the miR‐21‐mediated cellular effects in vascular remodeling by a miR‐21/PDCD4/JNK/c‐Jun pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 2989–3001, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantum chemical comparison of vertical, adiabatic, and 0‐0 excitation energies: The PYP and GFP chromophores
Authors: Uppsten Malin , Durbeej Bo 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA number of benchmark studies investigating the performance of quantum chemical methods for calculating vertical excitation energies are today available in the literature. However, less established is the variation between methods in their estimates of the differences between vertical, adiabatic, and 0‐0 excitation energies. To this end, such excitation energies are here calculated for the bright S1 states of the anionic chromophores of the photoactive yellow protein (PYP) and the green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the gas phase using configuration interaction singles, complete active space self‐consistent field, coupled‐cluster singles and doubles, and time‐dependent density functional theory methods. Although the estimates of the excitation energies vary by more than 1 eV between the methods, the differences between the different types of excitation energies are found to be relatively method‐insensitive, varying by ∼0.1 eV only for these particular chromophores. Specifically, the adiabatic energies are uniformly 0.10–0.17 (PYP) and 0.06–0.17 eV (GFP) lower than the vertical energies, and the 0‐0 energies are similarly 0.09–0.14 (PYP) and 0.07–0.17 eV (GFP) lower than the adiabatic energies. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Why Depressive Symptoms Cause Distress: The Clients’ Perspective
Authors: Hanson Bjorn , Young Michael A. 
Published: May 2012

BackgroundDepressive symptoms are associated with distress, but research has not focused on the processes underlying this association.MethodWe interviewed 18 patients experiencing depressive symptoms to identify the various reasons why depressive symptoms cause distress. Digital recordings were transcribed and grounded theory methods were used in analyzing the data and building theory.ResultsWe identified 14 reasons for why patients find depressive symptoms distressing. These reasons frequently were particular thoughts, behaviors, or subsequent outcomes in response to the symptom; in other cases, the experience of the symptom itself directly caused distress.ConclusionsWe present a general model of direct and indirect symptom‐distress relationships that may help target clinical interventions for depression. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Clin. Psychol. 68:860‐874, 2012
Removal of VOCs in waste gas by the photo‐Fenton reaction: effects of dosage of Fenton reagents on degradation of toluene gas in a bubble column
Authors: Handa Misako , Lee Yuson , Shibusawa Mai , Tokumura Masahiro , Kawase Yoshinori 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) are major pollutants in the atmosphere of all urban and industrial areas, and the development of an effective treatment process for VOCs is highly desirable. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are a promising technology for air pollution control. In this study, the AOP photo‐Fenton oxidative reaction in the liquid phase was applied to chemical absorption and degradation of toluene in waste gas.RESULTSFor toluene levels of 0.25 mg L−1 in waste gas flowing at 5.0 Lmin−1 the maximum removal and mineralization of toluene in the waste gas were more than 90% with H2O2 dosage above 150 mg L−1 and Fe dosage above 10 mg L−1. The Toluene photodegradation efficiency increased with increasing dosages of Fenton reagents, however, beyond a certain dosage further improvements were insignificant. The photo‐Fenton reaction in the liquid‐phase could improve the overall toluene absorption rate by increasing the driving force for mass transfer and as a result enhance the removal of toluene from exhaust gas.CONCLUSIONToluene in waste gas was successfully removed and mineralized by the photo‐Fenton process. The mineralization of toluene was strongly linked with the iron redox cycle and H2O2 decomposition driven by the Fenton reagents and UV light. The proposed chemical absorption process based on photo‐Fenton photocatalytic oxidation in the liquid phase was shown to be very effective for the degradation of VOCs in waste gas. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Orientation independent retardation imaging using quantitative polarized phase microscopy
Authors: Dragomir N.M. , Roberts A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSimultaneous optical phase and retardation measurement of a birefringent specimen is demonstrated independently of a priori knowledge of the optic axis orientation. The two‐dimensional retardation distribution in both magnitude and angle of the fast axis orientation is uniquely determined from transverse phase images recorded with a bright field transmission microscope using light polarized at a minimum of three different polarization orientations. This approach opens a new possibility for stain‐free phase and orientation‐independent retardation characterization of samples using only one polarizer without needing other additional optical elements traditionally used in polarimetric measurements. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.