bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum discord between two moving two-level atoms
Authors: Hu Yao-Hua , Fang Mao-Fa 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Considering a double JC model, this paper investigates the quantum discord dynamics of two isolated moving two-level atoms each interacting with a single-mode thermal cavity field, and studies the effect of the atomic motion and the field-mode structure on quantumdiscord. The results show that, on the one hand the quantum discord evolves periodically with time and the periods are affected by the atomic motion and the field-mode structure; on the other hand, the quantum discord still can capture the quantum correlation between the two atoms when the entanglement is zero. It is interesting to note that the quantum discord can be effectively preserved by controlling the field-mode structure parameter
Perioperative surgical complications of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: a single-center experience
Authors: Tormenti Matthew J. , Maserati Matthew B. , Bonfield Christopher M. , Gerszten Peter C. , Moossy John J. , Kanter Adam S. , Spiro Richard M. , Okonkwo David O. 
Published: October 2011

Object
Since its original description in 1982, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) has grown in popularity as a means for achieving circumferential fusion. The authors sought to define the perioperative complication rates of the TLIF procedure at a large academic medical center.

Methods
For all eligible patients from a consecutive series of 531 TLIF procedures, the institution's complication database and the medical record were reviewed to identify complications. Medical, nonprocedure-related complications such as myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism were excluded due to inconsistency in the recording of these complications in the database. Rates were calculated for each type of complication, and subgroup analysis was performed to investigate the effect of previous lumbar surgery, and of multilevel versus single-level interbody fusion on complication rates. Odds ratios were calculated and evaluated using chi-square analysis.

Results
Five hundred thirty-one patients underwent a TLIF procedure during the study period. Two hundred forty-four patients (46%) had undergone a previous lumbar operation. Interbody fusion was performed at 1 level in 317 patients, at 2 levels in 188 patients, at 3 levels in 24 patients, and at 4 levels in 2 patients. One hundred thirty-five patients (25.4%) had at least one procedure-related complication. The most common complications were durotomy (14.3% of patients) and infection (3.8% of patients). Symptomatic screw misplacement (2.1% of patients) and interbody cage migration (1.8% of patients) were less common complications. The overall complication rate was greater in those patients who had undergone a previous operation (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.18–2.59; p < 0.01) and in those who had multilevel surgery (OR 1.54, 95 % CI 1.04–2.28; p = 0.03), and the incidence of durotomy was higher in patients who had a previous operation (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.07–2.87; p = 0.03). These differences were statistically significant. Durotomy also occurred more frequently in patients who had multilevel interbody fusion (OR 1.49, 95% CI 0.92–2.43; p = 0.13). A trend toward higher infection rates in those patients who underwent multilevel interbody fusion was observed (OR 1.5, 95% CI 0.62–3.68; p = 0.49), but this was not statistically significant. Infection rates did not differ between revision and first-time surgeries.

Conclusions
Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion has gained widespread popularity as a procedure for achieving arthrodesis in the lumbar spine. Complications occurred more often in patients undergoing revision surgery or multilevel interbody fusion. Durotomy and infection were the most common complications in this series.
Genetic and clinical assessment of 2009 pandemic influenza in southern China
Authors: Farooqui Amber , Lei Yanchang , Wang Pusheng , Huang Jianyun , Lin Jie , Li Guishuang , Leon Alberto J , Zhao Zhen , Kelvin David J 
Published: October 2011

Introduction: South China has a proven role in the global epidemiology of previous influenza outbreaks due to its dual seasonal pattern. We present the virologic, genetic and clinical characterization of pandemic H1N1 influenza infection (pH1N1) in Shantou and Nanchang, cities in southern China, during the second wave of the 2009-2010 pandemic. Methodology: Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 165 individuals with influenza-like illness (ILI) who presented to the hospitals in Shantou and Nanchang. Laboratory diagnosis and characterization was performed by real-time PCR, virus isolation in embryonated chicken eggs, and sequencing. Results: pH1N1 activity was sustained in three different temporal patterns throughout the study period. The overall positivity rate of pH1N1 was 50% with major distribution among young adults between the ages of 13 and 30 years. High fever, cough, expectoration, chest pain, myalgia, nasal discharge and efficient viral replication were observed as major clinical markers whereas a substantial number of afebrile cases (17%) was also observed. Rate of hospitalization and disease severity (39%) and recovery (100%) were also high within the region. Furthermore, severe complications were likely to develop in young adults upon pH1N1 infection. Genetic characterization of the HA and NA genes of pH1N1 strains exhibited homogenous spread of pH1N1 strains with 99% identity with prototypic strains; however, minor unique mutations were also observed in the HA gene. Conclusion: The study illustrates the detailed characteristics of 2009 influenza pandemic in southern parts of China that might help to strategize preparedness for future pandemics and subsequent influenza seasons.
Relations entre les pratiques de préservation de la biodiversité forestière et la productivité, la résistance et la résilience : Etat des connaissances en forêt tempérée européenne
Authors: Paillet Yoan , Gosselin Marion 
Published: October 2011

À l’origine de cette recherche bibliographique, il y a la question de l’utilité de la biodiversité, souvent posée par les gestionnaires forestiers. Confrontés à des exigences sociétales et économiques, les forestiers doivent aujourd’hui mettre en œuvre des mesures de conservation de la biodiversité sans pour autant mettre en péril leur outil de production. Cet article est centré sur les forêts tempérées européennes. C’est un état des connaissances des bénéfices de la mise en œuvre de deux types de pratiques forestières en faveur de la biodiversité sur le fonctionnement de l’écosystème (productivité, résistance, résilience) : (i) le maintien de peuplements à composition diversifiée en essences et (ii) le maintien de bois mort. Même si les bases théoriques et empiriques des relations entre biodiversité et fonctionnement de l’écosystème sont bien documentées, les références concernant la forêt restent rares. Cela est dû principalement à la difficulté à travailler sur des écosystèmes pérennes et à longue durée de développement. Il n’en reste pas moins qu’une composition variée en essences forestières et que le maintien de bois mort ont certains effets bénéfiques sur le fonctionnement de l’écosystème. Ces bénéfices, difficilement quantifiables en termes économiques, pourraient cependant être intégrés dans des analyses du type coût-bénéfice afin d’évaluer de manière plus réaliste ces mesures. Pour le moment, les lacunes qui persistent ne permettent pas de telles évaluations.
Assessment of the Pros and Cons of Stress Management among Adolescents: Development and Validation of a Decisional Balance Measure
Authors: Mauriello Leanne M. , Rossi Joseph S. , Fava Joseph L. , Redding Colleen A. , Robbins Mark , Prochaska James O. , Meier Kathryn S. 
Published: October 2011

Purpose. This article reports on the development of a decisional balance measure based on the transtheoretical model (TTM) for stress management among adolescents. Design. Measurement development was conducted with participants of a pilot survey. Setting. Surveys were completed in health and physical education classes. Subjects. Ninth and tenth graders (N = 317) completed an assessment of TTM constructs. Measures. The focus of this paper is the development of a decisional balance measure. Analysis. A split-half cross-validation procedure was implemented. Results. A brief, reliable eight-item instrument was developed measuring the pros and cons of practicing stress management. A theoretically consistent pattern of pros and cons across the stages of change was obtained and indicated construct validity. Girls were more likely to practice and acknowledge benefits of stress management. Conclusion. This instrument will aid future work on promoting stress management practices among adolescents, particularly when using the TTM to develop interventions.
A therapeutic trial of pro‐methylation dietary supplements in Angelman syndrome
Authors: Bird Lynne M. , Tan Wen‐Hann , Bacino Carlos A. , Peters Sarika U. , Skinner Steven A. , Anselm Irina , Barbieri‐Welge Rene , Bauer‐Carlin Astrid , Gentile Jennifer K. , Glaze Daniel G. , Horowitz Lucia T. , Mohan K. Naga , Nespeca Mark P. , Sahoo Trilochan , Sarco Dean , Waisbren Susan E. , Beaudet Arthur L. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAngelman syndrome (AS) is due to deficient ubiquitin protein ligase 3a, the gene for which (UBE3A) maps to chromosome 15q11–q13 and is imprinted such that only the maternally inherited gene is expressed. The paternally inherited UBE3A gene is silenced, a process mediated by an antisense transcript. We conducted a trial using methylation‐promoting dietary supplements (betaine, metafolin, creatine, and vitamin B12) in an attempt to reduce antisense transcript production, increase UBE3A expression, and ameliorate the symptoms of AS. Neuropsychological evaluations, biochemical testing, and assessment of DNA methylation were performed at the beginning and at the end of 1 year of supplementation. The primary outcome measures were changes in the level of developmental function (cognitive, motor, and language) as measured using standardized instruments. The secondary outcomes measures were changes in biochemical parameters and global DNA methylation. These data were compared to those of a control group from a previous randomized double‐blind trial using folic acid and betaine. There were no statistically significant changes in the developmental performance of children treated with supplements. There were no unexpected changes in biochemical parameters and no change in site‐specific DNA methylation when comparing samples from before and after treatment. There were 10 adverse events that resulted in study withdrawal of 7 participants (worsening of seizures, onset, or worsening of sleep problems, constipation, and anorexia). Supplementation with betaine, metafolin, creatine, and vitamin B12 appears safe but ineffective in decreasing the severity of AS. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of soluble aromatic multilayered tetra(m‐phenylurea) and analysis of its helical conformation in various solvents
Authors: Kudo Mayumi , Azumaya Isao , Kagechika Hiroyuki , Tanatani Aya 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAromatic N,N′‐dimethylated urea exists in (cis, cis) form, both in the crystal and in solution, and this structure can be utilized to construct intramolecular aromatic multilayered oligomers. These structures show helical conformation with all‐R or all‐S axis chirality, when the benzene rings are connected at the meta positions. To investigate the dynamic conformational behavior of such aromatic multilayered ureas in various solvents, we synthesized tetra(m‐phenylurea) 3 bearing two chiral N‐2‐(methoxyethoxyethoxy)propyl groups and six N‐methoxyethoxyethyl groups. The high solubility of compound 3 enabled its analysis in various solvents, including water. The CD spectra of compound 3 showed broad electronic absorption with high temperature‐dependency, owing to the induction of handedness, in acetonitrile, chloroform, and methanol. In water, the CD signals of compound 3 indicated the presence of similar helical structure, but temperature‐dependency was not observed. Chirality, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modeling and Validating Long‐Term Dynamics of Diel Dissolved Oxygen with Particular Reference to pH in a Temperate Shallow Lake (Turkey)
Authors: Karakaya Nusret , Evrendilek Fatih , Güngör Kerem 
Published: October 2011

AbstractLong‐term monitoring of changes in dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH is of great importance to quantifying aquatic ecosystem metabolism, particularly for lakes under the changing global environment. During 173 days, diel DO cycles were measured in situ along with the main driving variables of pH, wind speed (WS), and net solar radiation (Rn) in a temperate shallow lake. Best‐fit multiple non‐linear regression (MNLR) models of diel DO time series were built and validated on a monthly basis, with R2 values ranging from 42.4% in September to 95.4% in November for validation. The strong relationship between diel DO and pH (r = 0.6) appeared to be related to the patterns of ecosystem productivity and respiration, and sensitivity of decomposing bacteria to changes in pH. pH‐driven lake metabolism appears to have significant implications for diel and seasonal lake metabolism in a changing global environment.
A comparison of depletion versus equalization for reducing high‐abundance proteins in human serum
Authors: Fernández Carolina , Santos Hugo M. , Ruíz‐Romero Cristina , Blanco Francisco J. , Capelo‐Martínez José‐Luis 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn this work three methods to diminish the content of most highly abundant proteins in human serum have been studied and compared. Protein depletion with ACN or DTT and protein equalization with the ProteoMiner™ (PM) have been assessed by 1‐D gel electrophoresis and MS. After treatment 5, 18 and 9 major proteins within the 20 most abundant proteins in serum were identified for the ACN, DTT and PM methods, respectively. The ACN method was efficient for depleting high molecular weight proteins, over 75 KDa, resulting in 10±4% (n=3) of the total protein content remaining in the depleted serum. In addition, 75% of the proteins belonging to the group of the 20 most abundant proteins were not detected, making this depletion strategy a cheap alternative to expensive commercial tools regularly used for removing high abundance proteins from serum. The ACN extract was found rich in apolipoproteins. The dithithreitol method promotes the precipitation of proteins rich in disulfide bonds, mainly albumin, with 73±7% (n=3) of the total protein content remaining in the depleted serum, which was found rich in immunoglobulins. The PM method compresses the dynamic range of the serum proteins, rendering an extract containing 16±2% (n=3) of the total initial protein content. The extract was found to be rich in both apolipoproteins and immunoglobulins. As a general rule the DTT and PM methods provide a compression of the dynamic range of serum protein concentrations while the ACN method allows an effective depletion of the protein fraction above 72 KDa.
Ecotoxicity test methods for engineered nanomaterials: Practical experiences and recommendations from the bench
Authors: Handy Richard D. , Cornelis Geert , Fernandes Teresa , Tsyusko Olga , Decho Alan , Sabo-Attwood Tara , Metcalfe Chris , Steevens Jeffery A. , Klaine Stephen J. , Koelmans Albert A. , Horne Nina 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Ecotoxicology research is using many methods for engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), but the collective experience from researchers has not been documented. This paper reports the practical issues for working with ENMs and suggests nano-specific modifications to protocols. The review considers generic practical issues, as well as specific issues for aquatic tests, marine grazers, soil organisms, and bioaccumulation studies. Current procedures for cleaning glassware are adequate, but electrodes are problematic. The maintenance of exposure concentration is challenging, but can be achieved with some ENMs. The need to characterize the media during experiments is identified, but rapid analytical methods are not available to do this. The use of sonication and natural/synthetic dispersants are discussed. Nano-specific biological endpoints may be developed for a tiered monitoring scheme to diagnose ENM exposure or effect. A case study of the algal growth test highlights many small deviations in current regulatory test protocols that are allowed (shaking, lighting, mixing methods), but these should be standardized for ENMs. Invertebrate (Daphnia) tests should account for mechanical toxicity of ENMs. Fish tests should consider semistatic exposure to minimize wastewater and animal husbandry. The inclusion of a benthic test is recommended for the base set of ecotoxicity tests with ENMs. The sensitivity of soil tests needs to be increased for ENMs and shortened for logistics reasons; improvements include using Caenorhabditis elegans, aquatic media, and metabolism endpoints in the plant growth tests. The existing bioaccumulation tests are conceptually flawed and require considerable modification, or a new test, to work for ENMs. Overall, most methodologies need some amendments, and recommendations are made to assist researchers. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:15–31. © 2011 SETAC
Oligodendrocyte responses to buprenorphine uncover novel and opposing roles of μ‐opioid‐ and nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptors in cell development: Implications for drug addiction treatment during pregnancy
Authors: Eschenroeder Andrew C. , Vestal‐Laborde Allison A. , Sanchez Emilse S. , Robinson Susan E. , Sato‐Bigbee Carmen 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAlthough the classical function of myelin is the facilitation of saltatory conduction, this membrane and the oligodendrocytes, the cells that make myelin in the central nervous system (CNS), are now recognized as important regulators of plasticity and remodeling in the developing brain. As such, oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination are among the most vulnerable processes along CNS development. We have shown previously that rat brain myelination is significantly altered by buprenorphine, an opioid analogue currently used in clinical trials for managing pregnant opioid addicts. Perinatal exposure to low levels of this drug induced accelerated and increased expression of myelin basic proteins (MBPs), cellular and myelin components that are markers of mature oligodendrocytes. In contrast, supra‐therapeutic drug doses delayed MBP brain expression and resulted in a decreased number of myelinated axons. We have now found that this biphasic‐dose response to buprenorphine can be attributed to the participation of both the μ‐opioid receptor (MOR) and the nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor (NOP receptor) in the oligodendrocytes. This is particularly intriguing because the NOP receptor/nociceptin system has been primarily linked to behavior and pain regulation, but a role in CNS development or myelination has not been described before. Our findings suggest that balance between signaling mediated by (a) MOR activation and (b) a novel, yet unidentified pathway that includes the NOP receptor, plays a crucial role in the timing of oligodendrocyte maturation and myelin synthesis. Moreover, exposure to opioids could disrupt the normal interplay between these two systems altering the developmental pattern of brain myelination. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Supplementing endophyte‐infected tall fescue or reed canarygrass with alfalfa or birdsfoot trefoil increases forage intake and digestibility by sheep
Authors: Owens Jacob , Provenza Frederick D , Wiedmeier Randall D , Villalba Juan J 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: We hypothesized that alfalfa (ALF) or birdsfoot trefoil (BFT) eaten prior to a meal of endophyte‐infected tall fescue (TF) or reed canarygrass (RCG) would provide benefits not possible when TF or RCG are eaten alone. In trial 1, four groups of five lambs were first offered ALF for 30 min followed by either TF or RCG for 3.5 h in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of a completely randomized design that included grass (TF or RCG) with or without ALF. Trial 2 was similar to trial 1 except we used a new group of lambs fed BFT. Forage, fecal and urine samples were collected and analyzed for dry matter intake and apparent digestibility of dry matter, energy (in Kcal), nitrogen and neutral detergent fiber.RESULTS: A meal of either ALF or BFT prior to eating TF or RCG caused lambs to eat more total dry matter and nitrogen (both in g d−1) and energy (in MJ d−1) than lambs fed only TF or RCG (P < 0.05). Lambs fed ALF slightly reduced intake of TF and RCG relative to unsupplemented animals. Lambs fed BFT ate slightly less RCG, but much more TF than unsupplemented animals (P < 0.10). Lambs ate much less BFT than ALF, but they were stimulated to eat TF to a greater degree by BFT than by ALF.CONCLUSIONS: The enhanced intake of TF by lambs provided BFT, as well as the greater nutrient intake by lambs fed legumes and grasses was likely due in part to complementary profiles of alkaloids, saponins, and tannins. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Development of a minimal set of prescribing quality indicators for diabetes management on a general practice level
Authors: Martirosyan Liana , Haaijer‐Ruskamp Flora M. , Braspenning Jozé , Denig Petra 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo identify the relevant prescribing quality domains of type 2 diabetes mellitus care as a basis for the selection of a minimal set of prescribing quality indicators from a set of previously validated indicators.MethodsWe used the principal factor analysis to identify the underlying dimensions or domains of prescribing quality for 76 general practitioners participating to the Groningen Initiative to Analyse Type 2 Diabetes Treatment project in the Netherlands. From a set of 10 prescribing quality indicators covering various aspects of cardiovascular and metabolic management, we selected a subset of indicators with the highest loading within each identified domain. Next, we evaluated the effect of using this subset on the quintile ranking of practices on their prescribing quality scores.ResultsWe identified five prescribing quality domains in our data set: two assessing initiation of pharmacotherapy for different risk factors in diabetic patients, two on stepwise intensification of treatment, and one on treatment of patients with cardiovascular disease. A composite score comprising the indicators selected from each of the domains showed good agreement with the composite score comprising all indicators with 82% of general practitioners either not changing their position or shifting their ranking by only one quintile.ConclusionsWe showed that a minimal set of prescribing quality indicators for type 2 diabetes mellitus care should not just focus on the management of different clinical risk factors but also reflect different steps of treatment intensification. The results of our study are relevant for stakeholders when selecting quality indicators to assess the quality of prescribing in diabetic patients. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.