bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term muscular outcome and predisposing and prognostic factors in juvenile dermatomyositis: A case–control study
Authors: Sanner Helga , Kirkhus Eva , Merckoll Else , Tollisen Anita , Røisland Mona , Lie Benedicte A. , Taraldsrud Eli , Gran Jan Tore , Flatø Berit 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo compare muscle strength, physical health, and HLA–DRB1 allele carriage frequencies in patients with longstanding juvenile dermatomyositis (DM) with that of controls, and to determine the presence of and risk factors for muscle weakness and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–detected muscle damage in juvenile DM patients.MethodsFifty‐nine patients with juvenile DM examined a median of 16.8 years (range 2.0–38.1 years) after disease onset were compared with 59 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. Muscle strength/endurance was measured by manual muscle testing (MMT) and the Childhood Myositis Assessment Scale (CMAS); health status was measured by the Short Form 36. HLA–DRB1 alleles were determined by sequencing in patients and 898 healthy controls. In patients, disease activity/damage was measured by the Disease Activity Score (DAS), Myositis Damage Index (MDI), Health Assessment Questionnaire/Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire, and MRI scans of the thigh muscles. Early disease characteristics were obtained by chart review.ResultsPatients had lower muscle strength/endurance (P < 0.001 for both) and physical health (P = 0.014) and increased HLA–DRB1*0301 (P = 0.01) and DRB1*1401 (P = 0.003) compared with controls. In patients, persistent muscle weakness was found in 42% with MMT (score <78) and in 31% with the CMAS (score <48), whereas MRI‐detected muscle damage was found in 52%. Muscle weakness and MRI‐detected muscle damage were predicted by MDI muscle damage and a high DAS 1 year postdiagnosis.ConclusionA median of 16.8 years after disease onset, juvenile DM patients were weaker than the controls; muscle weakness/reduced endurance was found in 31–42% of patients and MRI‐detected muscular damage was found in 52% of patients. The outcomes were predicted by high disease activity and muscle damage present 1 year postdiagnosis.
Performance of rheumatoid arthritis disease activity measures and juvenile arthritis disease activity scores in polyarticular‐course juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Analysis of their ability to classify the American College of Rheumatology pediatric measures of response and the preliminary criteria for flare and inactive disease
Authors: Ringold Sarah , Bittner Rachel , Neogi Tuhina , Wallace Carol A. , Singer Nora G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo measure the abilities of the continuous measures of disease activity used in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the 3 versions of the Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (JADAS; based upon 10‐, 27‐, and 71‐joint counts) to accurately classify the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) pediatric measures of response, flare, and inactive disease in polyarticular‐course juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of a randomized trial of infliximab in polyarticular‐course JIA. Disease activity was calculated at baseline and weeks 14, 28, and 52 using the Disease Activity Score (DAS), DAS in 28 joints, Simplified Disease Activity Index, Clinical Disease Activity Index, and JADAS. The ability of the RA measures and JADAS to classify each ACR pediatric measure, flare, and inactive disease was measured by areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs). Positive predictive values (PPVs) for inactive disease were calculated.ResultsData from 97 participants were available. The AUCs for the RA scores for each ACR pediatric measure were 0.73–0.89. The AUCs of the JADAS for the ACR pediatric measures were 0.75–0.92. The PPVs of the RA scores for inactive disease were 0.33–0.67. The PPVs of the JADAS for inactive disease were each 0.93. Based on the RA and JADAS scores, the percentage of visits misclassified as inactive disease ranged from 7–67%.ConclusionThe RA measures and JADAS versions showed acceptable to excellent ability to classify participants for each pediatric outcome measure, but the clinical significance of differences between AUCs for these scores could not be assessed. Misclassification of active disease versus inactive disease by the RA and JADAS scores was not uncommon in this cohort.
Graphite Oxides Obtained from Porous Graphite: The Role of Surface Chemistry and Texture in Ammonia Retention at Ambient Conditions
Authors: Seredych Mykola , Tamashausky Albert V. , Bandosz Teresa J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractGraphite oxides (GO) synthesized using Brodie and Hummers methods are tested for ammonia adsorption at ambient conditions with different contents of water in the system. Surface characterization before and after exposure to ammonia is performed using XRD, FTIR spectroscopy, potentiometric titration, thermal analysis, adsorption of nitrogen, and XPS. Oxidation of the same porous graphite using two methods results in materials with different textural and chemical features. On GO obtained using the Brodie method mainly epoxy and carboxylic groups are present whereas on the GO obtained using the Hummers method chemisorbed oxygen is also found. The contribution of the carboxylic groups in the latter material is greater. It also contains sulfur either in sulfones or as residual sulfuric acid. Ammonia is adsorbed either via reaction with surface groups or dissolution in water. The former is responsible for strong adsorption. The evidence of the catalytic effect of the carbon surface on activation of oxygen leading to surface oxidation is also observed.
Sequence of administration and methylation of SOCS3 may govern response to gemtuzumab ozogamicin in combination with conventional chemotherapy in patients with refractory or relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
Authors: Middeldorf Iris , Galm Oliver , Osieka Rainhardt , Jost Edgar , Herman James G. , Wilop Stefan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn older patients suffering from acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), aggressive chemotherapy is accompanied with high treatment‐related morbidity and mortality. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO), a humanized monoclonal anti‐CD33 antibody, represents a well tolerated treatment option, but optimal treatment schedules are still unknown. Additionally, Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) inhibits the CD33‐induced block on cytokine‐induced proliferation. Consequently, a variable response of AML cells to anti‐CD33‐targeted therapy may be caused by modulation of SOCS3 expression. Twenty‐four patients with refractory or relapsed CD33‐positive AML received GO as a single agent before or after conventional chemotherapy. The methylation status of the SOCS3 CpG island was assessed by methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction. Response (RR) and overall survival (OS) were significantly higher in 16 patients receiving chemotherapy before GO (RR 81%, OS 14.8 months) compared to three patients who received GO single agent therapy (RR 33%, OS 7.2 months) or 16 with GO before chemotherapy (RR 0% OS 2.2 months, P = 0.01 for RR and P < 0.001 for OS). Methylation of the SOCS3 CpG island was found in 8/24 patients. There was a trend towards a higher RR and longer OS in patients with SOCS3 hypermethylation (RR 86%, OS 25.1 months) compared to unmethylated SOCS3 (RR 56%, OS 10.3 months, P = 0.09). Administration of GO a few days after chemotherapy seems to provide better response and survival compared to administration of GO directly before chemotherapy. The potential role of SOCS3 hypermethylation as a biomarker should be further investigated in patients undergoing GO containing therapies. Am. J. Hematol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inamide: vielseitige Bausteine für die organische Synthese
Authors: Evano Gwilherm , Coste Alexis , Jouvin Kévin 
Published: March 2010

AbstractInamide zeichnen sich durch ein außergewöhnlich ausgefeiltes Gleichgewicht von Stabilität und Reaktivität aus. Sie bieten eine Vielzahl von Möglichkeiten zur Einführung einer Stickstoff‐Funktionalität in organische Moleküle und werden zunehmend als besonders nützliche und vielseitige Bausteine für die organische Synthese angesehen. Aktuelle Durchbrüche bei der Herstellung von Inamiden haben das Interesse an der Chemie von Stickstoff‐substituierten Alkinen wiederbelebt, und seit Anfang des 21. Jahrhunderts ist eine stetig wachsende Zahl an Publikationen zur Entwicklung neuer Reaktionen oder Sequenzen ausgehend von Inamiden zu verzeichnen. Dieser Aufsatz wird die wesentlichen Entwicklungen in diesem Bereich erörtern.
Dynamics of extinction of a small population of the three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L) caused by habitat modification
Authors: Wootton R. J. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Abundance of a population of three‐spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., in a small backwater of Afon Rheidol in mid‐Wales (UK) was estimated annually each October from 1972 to 1999 by mark–recapture.
The population became extinct in 2000, because of land‐use changes in 1995, which modified the drainage pattern through the backwater, causing the backwater to eventually dry up.
The final decline to extinction started from an estimated abundance of 1550 in 1998 and the abundance in 1999, the year before extinction, was 85. The smallest abundance from which the population showed an increase was 670.
Two years before extinction (1998), the population was characterized by an anomalously high proportion of small fish.
There was a significant power relationship between the years to extinction and population size, but if the data were analysed in two periods, 1972–1989 and 1990–1999, the relationship was only significant for the second period.
There was no relationship between time to extinction and per capita annual rate of increase (k), although values of k were unusually low in the last two years before extinction.
Time to extinction was not related to mean length, mean mass or the condition of the fish.
The results suggest that the indicators of impending extinction may vary with the causes of extinction and may be ambiguous, even when a long time‐series of demographic data is available. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Matriptase is a novel initiator of cartilage matrix degradation in osteoarthritis
Authors: Milner Jennifer M. , Patel Amit , Davidson Rose K. , Swingler Tracey E. , Desilets Antoine , Young David A. , Kelso Elizabeth B. , Donell Simon T. , Cawston Tim E. , Clark Ian M. , Ferrell William R. , Plevin Robin , Lockhart John C. , Leduc Richard , Rowan Andrew D. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveIncreasing evidence implicates serine proteinases in pathologic tissue turnover. The aim of this study was to assess the role of the transmembrane serine proteinase matriptase in cartilage destruction in osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsSerine proteinase gene expression in femoral head cartilage obtained from either patients with hip OA or patients with fracture to the neck of the femur (NOF) was assessed using a low‐density array. The effect of matriptase on collagen breakdown was determined in cartilage degradation models, while the effect on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression was analyzed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. ProMMP processing was determined using sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis/N‐terminal sequencing, while its ability to activate proteinase‐activated receptor 2 (PAR‐2) was determined using a synovial perfusion assay in mice.ResultsMatriptase gene expression was significantly elevated in OA cartilage compared with NOF cartilage, and matriptase was immunolocalized to OA chondrocytes. We showed that matriptase activated proMMP‐1 and processed proMMP‐3 to its fully active form. Exogenous matriptase significantly enhanced cytokine‐stimulated cartilage collagenolysis, while matriptase alone caused significant collagenolysis from OA cartilage, which was metalloproteinase‐dependent. Matriptase also induced MMP‐1, MMP‐3, and MMP‐13 gene expression. Synovial perfusion data confirmed that matriptase activates PAR‐2, and we demonstrated that matriptase‐dependent enhancement of collagenolysis from OA cartilage is blocked by PAR‐2 inhibition.ConclusionElevated matriptase expression in OA and the ability of matriptase to activate selective proMMPs as well as induce collagenase expression make this serine proteinase a key initiator and inducer of cartilage destruction in OA. We propose that the indirect effects of matriptase are mediated by PAR‐2, and a more detailed understanding of these mechanisms may highlight important new therapeutic targets for OA treatment.
Statins, inhibitors of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase, function as inhibitors of cellular and molecular components involved in type I interferon production
Authors: Amuro Hideki , Ito Tomoki , Miyamoto Rie , Sugimoto Hiroyuki , Torii Yoshitaro , Son Yonsu , Nakamichi Naoto , Yamazaki Chihiro , Hoshino Katsuaki , Kaisho Tsuneyasu , Ozaki Yoshio , Inaba Muneo , Amakawa Ryuichi , Fukuhara Shirou 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveStatins, which are used as cholesterol‐lowering agents, have pleiotropic immunomodulatory properties. Although beneficial effects of statins have been reported in autoimmune diseases, the mechanisms of these immunomodulatory effects are still poorly understood. Type I interferons (IFNs) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) represent key molecular and cellular pathogenic components in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Therefore, PDCs may be a specific target of statins in therapeutic strategies against SLE. This study was undertaken to investigate the immunomodulatory mechanisms of statins that target the IFN response in PDCs.MethodsWe isolated human blood PDCs by flow cytometry and examined the effects of simvastatin and pitavastatin on PDC activation, IFNα production, and intracellular signaling.ResultsStatins inhibited IFNα production profoundly and tumor necrosis factor α production modestly in human PDCs in response to Toll‐like receptor ligands. The inhibitory effect on IFNα production was reversed by geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate and was mimicked by either geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor or Rho kinase inhibitor, suggesting that statins exert their inhibitory actions through geranylgeranylated Rho inactivation. Statins inhibited the expression of phosphorylated p38 MAPK and Akt, and the inhibitory effect on the IFN response was through the prevention of nuclear translocation of IFN regulatory factor 7. In addition, statins had an inhibitory effect on both IFNα production by PDCs from SLE patients and SLE serum–induced IFNα production.ConclusionOur findings suggest a specific role of statins in controlling type I IFN production and a therapeutic potential in IFN‐related autoimmune diseases such as SLE.
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase deficiency in mice results in reduced chondrocyte proliferation and endochondral bone growth
Authors: Yan Qian , Feng Qingping , Beier Frank 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveNitric oxide (NO) and aberrant chondrocyte differentiation have both been implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, but whether these processes are connected is unknown, and the role of specific NO synthase (NOS) enzymes in chondrocyte physiology is unclear. This study was undertaken to examine the effects of inactivation of endothelial cell NOS (eNOS) on cartilage development in mice.MethodsSkeletal growth and development of mice carrying a null mutation in the eNOS gene was compared with that of their control littermates. In situ analyses were complemented by experiments with primary chondrocytes and tibial explants from these mice.ResultsMice that were deficient in eNOS showed increased fatality and reduced bone growth, with hypocellular growth plates and a marked reduction in the number of proliferating chondrocytes. In vitro studies demonstrated lower chondrocyte numbers and reduced endochondral bone growth in mutant mice, suggesting that the role of eNOS signaling in chondrocyte proliferation is cell autonomous. Reduced chondrocyte numbers appear to be caused by decreased cyclin D1 and increased p57 expression in mutant mice, resulting in slower cell cycle progression and earlier cell cycle exit. In addition, expression of early chondrocyte markers such as SOX9 was reduced, and prehypertrophic markers were expressed prematurely in mutant mice.ConclusionOur findings identify a novel and important role of eNOS in chondrocyte proliferation and endochondral bone growth and demonstrate that loss of eNOS results in premature cell cycle exit and prehypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation during cartilage development.
Investigations of different chemiluminescent peaks in H2O2–SCN−–Cu2+–OH−–luminol flow system
Authors: Zhao Changchun , Zheng Juhua , Xie Jingxuan , Liu Haimiao , Gao Qingyu 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn the H2O2–SCN−–Cu2+–OH−–luminol oscillatory system of chemiluminescence, the effects of the ingredient concentrations, temperature, flow rate and complexing agent on the oscillatory dynamics were investigated in a continuous‐flow stirred tank reactor (CSTR). The dynamical structure of two peaks during a period was discussed in detail. By addition of EDTA to the oscillating system, the peak I height decreased sharply while the peak II height was little affected, and the period kept constant. This may be due to the fast reaction between Cu(II) and EDTA and the highly stable complex Cu(II)–EDTA. From the experimental study and mechanism analysis, the chemiluminescent peak I corresponds to Cu(II) → Cu(I) transformation and the peak II corresponds to the Cu(I) → Cu(II) transformation process. The key species involving in the two‐transformation process are inferred to be superoxide radical and hydroxyl radical. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Son, Ltd.
Fluorescence quenching studies of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Al‐Kindy Salma M.Z. , Miller James N. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe analysis of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) is of great importance because of the mutagenicity and possible carcinogenic activity of these compounds, which are distributed widely in the environment. Nitro‐substituents in aromatic compounds are known to quench fluorescence and NPAHs have no intrinsic fluorescence, but they can be determined using their quenching effects on other fluorophores. The quenching effects of several important NPAHs on 1,2,3,4‐ tetrahydro‐1‐naphthol,5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐1‐naphthol,4‐(2‐hydroxy‐4‐sulfo‐1‐naphthylazo)‐2‐naphthalene carboxylic acid and 7‐amino‐4‐methyl coumarin have been studied. The singlet emission of these fluorophores is efficiently quenched by all the NPAHs, the quenching following the Stern–Volmer relationship. Quenching constants and the limits of detection and linear ranges of the quenchers have been determined in each case: the limits of detection are ca 1 µm. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Son, Ltd.
Challenges and trade‐offs in corporate innovation for climate change
Authors: Pinkse Jonatan , Kolk Ans 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe international debate on addressing global climate change increasingly points to the role that companies can play by using their innovative capacity. However, up till now companies have been rather cautious in taking decisive steps in facilitating an innovation‐based transition towards a low‐carbon economy. This paper conceptually explores some key challenges related to innovating for climate change, in the broader context of technological change, complementary capability development and sociotechnical systems, to point to trade‐offs to be made by companies. We adopt a firm‐level perspective to discuss (a) how companies strike a balance between further development and deployment of emissions‐reducing technologies, in view of the fact that there is no ‘silver bullet’ solution for climate change yet, (b) how and in what way low‐carbon solutions are brought to the market, by targeting consumers in either mainstream markets or niche markets, and (c) to what extent the success or failure of climate change innovations depends on companies' bargaining power and willingness to cooperate with others. The paper shows how several industry‐ and firm‐specific factors – technological dynamism, complementarity between new technologies and existing assets, and ownership of specialized assets for commercialization – influence how companies strike a balance between the different trade‐offs and deal with the uncertainty created by the current ‘climate policy deadlock’. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
A presumption to disclose: new laws on the provision of information about child sex offenders to parents in England and Wales
Authors: Thomas Terry 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn England and Wales, agencies managing child sex offenders in the community have long had the power to disclose information on those offenders to other agencies and sometimes to individual members of the public; this process has variously been referred to as ‘discretionary disclosure’ or ‘controlled disclosure’. In 2008, new laws were passed to strengthen this process and allow designated members of the public to request such information and imposed a new duty on agencies considering disclosure to conduct those considerations with a ‘presumption to disclose’. This article looks at the background to the new laws and how they might work in practice. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of kinetic parameters of enantiomerization of benzothiadiazines by DCXplorer
Authors: Cannazza Giuseppe , Carrozzo Marina M. , Battisti Umberto , Braghiroli Daniela , Parenti Carlo , Troisi Alessandro , Troisi Luigino 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBenzothiadiazines differently substituted at the sulfonamidic nitrogen atom, at the stereogenic carbon atom and at the anilinic nitrogen atom have been synthesized and fully characterized. Enantioseparation of these compounds has revealed rapid on‐column enantiomerization. The recently developed software DCXplorer has been successfully applied to calculate enantiomerization kinetic parameters. Enantiomerization barriers of 3‐phenyl substituted benzothiadiazines, calculated in this work, have indicated a higher enantiomerization rate suggesting that the aromatic substituent exerts a strong effect on the enantiomerization process. Methyl substitution on N2 position led to higher free energy barriers of enantiomerization, suggesting negative influence of methyl in the N2 position on enantiomerization kinetics. However, methylation on N4 position increases the enantiomerization rates significantly. The results obtained have been employed to postulate an enantiomerization mechanism for chiral benzothiadiazine type compounds. Chirality 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.