bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assimilation of Global Positioning System radio occultation data in the ECMWF ERA–Interim reanalysis
Authors: Poli P. , Healy S. B. , Dee D. P. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis article presents results of the assimilation of Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) bending‐angle data from CHAMP, FORMOSAT‐3/COSMIC and MetOp‐A GRAS in the European Centre for Medium‐range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) global reanalysis ERA–Interim. We find that GPSRO data present the highest daily assimilation percentage rate among all the various types of observations, suggesting that these data are readily usable by today's reanalysis systems. Over time, except when additional GPSRO data are introduced, the ERA–Interim short‐term forecasts (background) are found to be stable compared with GPSRO data, and so are the ERA–Interim temperatures compared with radiosondes. This suggests that the GPSRO data are potentially as stable as the verification used here, at least to the extent that the possible quality variations in GPSRO data assimilated in ERA–Interim appear invisible when compared with radiosondes. We observe very good consistency between data from all six COSMIC receivers. Small differences between COSMIC and CHAMP (GRAS) data are observed in the lower troposphere (stratosphere). The mean effect of adding GPSRO data in ERA–Interim is to reduce temperature biases with respect to radiosondes in the ERA–Interim background by warming the tropopause region and lower stratosphere by about 0.1–0.2 K in all hemispheres. We also find hints of a drying effect in the mean water‐vapour content in the Tropics in ERA–Interim when GPSRO data are introduced. The fit to upper tropospheric wind observations in the Southern Hemisphere and the Tropics is also improved when GPSRO data are present. Overall the GPSRO data act as references via variational bias correction to correct satellite radiances. Removing the GPSRO data from the ERA–Interim system leaves the latter more prone to fitting the warmly biased aircraft data. All these effects mostly became apparent when large amounts of GPSRO data started being assimilated, at the end of 2006, with the introduction of COSMIC data. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
The gas‐phase H‐abstraction reactions of CCl3H with CX1X2•− (X1X2 = HF, HCl, HBr, HI, FF, ClCl, BrBr, and II), a DFT study
Authors: Liang Jun‐Xi , Geng Zhi‐Yuan , Wang Yong‐Cheng 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA systematic investigation on the H‐abstraction reactions of 8 carbene radical anions with CCl3H has been performed theoretically using the popular DFT functional BHandHLYP/aug‐cc‐pVTZ/RECP level of theory. As a result, our studies strongly suggest that the reactivity of the title reactions (CX1X2•− + CCl3H) present increase in the order: CHI•− < CHBr•− < CHCl•− < CHF•− for first halogen CHX•− and CCI2•− < CBr2•− < CCl2•− < CF2•− for second halogen CX2•−, more important, the reactions of the former exhibit more activity than those of corresponding the latter. Moreover, based on the NBO analysis, the Activation Strain model analysis and the correlations analyses of activation barrier with both PA and IE, respectively, we further confirm over the conclusion. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Assessing DEM interpolation methods for effective representation of upland stream morphology for rapid appraisal of bed stability
Authors: Schwendel Arved C. , Fuller Ian C. , Death Russell G. 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTDigital elevation models (DEMs) of river channels, built by interpolation between samples of topographic survey points, are widely used to represent surfaces and to derive land‐surface parameters. Differencing between successive DEMs permits quantification of change, which in gravel‐bed rivers is used to construct a morphological budget of lower bound estimates of sediment flux and bed‐stability surrogate. Choice of DEM interpolation method strongly influences DEM quality and realistic representation of channel forms. When comparing morphological budgets between multiple contrasting reaches, e.g. for rapid ecological appraisal, an effective and consistent means of DEM construction is required to avoid digitally generated inconsistencies. An appropriate interpolation method should be suitable for accurate representation of channels contrasting in substrate and hydraulic conditions, surveys of varying data density and distribution, and avoidance of site‐specific parameterization. This paper investigates representation of channel form using a series of DEMs generated within Surfer® by triangulation with linear interpolation, natural neighbours, point kriging, universal kriging, multiquadratic radial basis function, modified Shepard's method and inverse distance to a power on the example of four reaches of mountain streams in New Zealand. These reaches represent a diversity of channel forms, substrate and hydraulic properties. DEMs from triangulation with linear interpolation revealed consistently the best results and this method is recommended for geomorphological and ecological studies of multiple reaches. The main advantage over point kriging and radial basis function is better representation of channel margins and bedforms without introduction of breaklines, while it outperforms natural neighbours in honouring measured points. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fish community structure associated with stabilized and unstabilized shoreline habitats, Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho, USA
Authors: Gidley C. A. , Scarnecchia D. L. , Hansen J. A. 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTStabilization of riverbanks and lake shorelines has become widely used to reduce erosion. Studies on effects of stabilization on fish species and communities have indicated highly variable effects from beneficial to detrimental. Bank stabilization implemented to reduce shoreline erosion of metals‐contaminated sediments in the lower Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho, prompted concern of possible effects on the fish community. Fish sampling (electrofishing and gillnetting) and habitat assessment were conducted at 24 sites in the lower 54 km of river during 2005 and 2006 to assess differences in the fish community (relative abundance, species diversity and community composition) at stabilized and unstabilized shorelines. Within stabilized and unstabilized shorelines we evaluated seasonal differences as well as upstream and downstream differences. We captured 3511 fish from 17 species and 7 families; 83% of fish were captured by electrofishing. Fish relative abundance was significantly higher at stabilized than unstabilized sites for electrofishing. We also found positive correlations between relative abundance and diameter of rock at stabilized sites for both sampling gears. Three species (brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus, northern pike Esox lucius and pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus) were captured more readily at stabilized shoreline sites. Seasonally, the differences in relative abundance among habitat types indicate that stabilized structures are providing stable habitat year‐round. Overall, stabilized shorelines on the lower Coeur d'Alene River were not found to be adversely affecting overall fish relative abundance, diversity and species composition under the existing low fraction (2.5%) of bank stabilization. Based on these results and reviews of other studies, we suggest that two factors affecting the results of bank stabilization studies are (i) the habitat quality of the unstabilized river, and (ii) the percentage of the river that has been stabilized. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Progressive collapse resisting capacity of building structures with outrigger trusses
Authors: Kim Jinkoo , Park Junhee 
Published: December 2010

SUMMARYIn this paper, the progressive collapse potential of building structures with core and outrigger trusses were evaluated using nonlinear static and dynamic analyses. To this end 36‐storey analysis model structures composed of RC core walls and perimeter frames connected by outrigger trusses at the top were prepared. The static pushdown analysis of the structure with mega‐columns and outrigger trusses showed that the maximum strength reached only about 20% of the load specified in the US General Services Administration guideline when a mega‐column in the first storey was removed. According to dynamic analysis results, the vertical displacement monotonically increased until collapse as a result of buckling of some of outrigger truss members. However the structure with outrigger and belt trusses remained stable after a perimeter column was removed. The stability of the structure with mega‐columns and outrigger trusses could be achieved by redesigning it with additional belt trusses or with moment connections in interior or exterior frames. Based on the analysis results it was concluded that the dynamic amplification factor of 2.0 recommended in the guidelines provided reasonably conservative results. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance‐based seismic evaluation of the Icon Hotel in Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Authors: Berahman Farshad 
Published: December 2010

SUMMARYThe Icon Hotel, which is part of the Dubai Promenade in Dubai, is a new waterfront development and represents cutting edge architecture. This building has a unique ‘donut shape’ with significant design and buildability challenges in the field of structural engineering. The wheel shape tower is 160  m high with an external diameter of 165  m, an internal diameter of 78  m and a depth of 35  m. It was designed to accommodate hotel and residential occupancies. The building's primary structural system is composed of two concrete core walls placed 96  m apart on either side and partially coupled by mega steel trusses at upper mechanical floor as well as long‐span steel arches located at the top to accommodate the required shape of the building. This paper presents the structural engineering design approach used to evaluate the seismic behaviour of this building by implementing performance‐based design methodology. The analysis results show that the building will behave in a desired manner during future anticipated earthquakes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The longest quinoidal oligothiophene: A Raman story
Authors: Casado Juanjuan , López Navarrete Juan T. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe main research on the family of aromatic and quinoidal oligothiophenes is described, with a focus on their longest members. We have described how the comprehensive understanding of the vibrational Raman spectra of oligothiophenes in a variety of situations permitted the elucidation of properties of fundamental importance, not only for basic research in molecular physics and in physical chemistry, but also for applications. We have written the Raman story that brought us to the elucidation of the biradicaloid nature of the longest quinoidal oligothiophene. DOI 10.1002/tcr.201000022
Genotoxicity of dicrotophos, an organophosphorous pesticide, assessed with different assays in vitro
Authors: Wu Jong‐C. , Chye Soi M. , Shih Ming–K. , Chen Chin‐H. , Yang Hsin‐L. , Chen Ssu C. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDicrotophos is a systemic insecticide with a wide range of applications. We investigated the genotoxicity of dicrotophos using the Ames test, the chromosome aberration test in CHO‐K1 cells, and the comet assay in the Hep G2 cells, while this chemicals' toxicity to both the cell lines was evaluated with the MTT assay. Results showed that dicrotophos did not show any cytotoxicity to CHO‐K1 cells, whereas it was cytotoxic to HepG2 cells incubated for 24 h but not for 2 h. For genotoxicity of dicrotophos, a significant change in the numbers of bacterial reveratnts using Salmomella typhimurium TA97a, TA98, TA100, TA102, and TA1535 as the tester strains, an increase in the frequencies of chromosome aberration in CHO‐K1 cells, and an induced DNA damage in HepG2 cells were observed, indicating that dicrotophos was genotoxic in these three performed assays. From this study, we provide further evidence towards of genotoxic effects of dicrotophos. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2012.
Investigation of acute nanoparticulate aluminum toxicity in zebrafish
Authors: Griffitt Robert J. , Feswick April , Weil Roxana , Hyndman Kelly , Carpinone Paul , Powers Kevin , Denslow Nancy D. , Barber David S. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn freshwater fish, aluminum is a well‐recognized gill toxicant, although responses are influenced by pH. Aluminum nanomaterials are being used in diverse applications that are likely to lead to environmental release and exposure. However, it is unclear if the effects of nanoparticulate aluminum are similar to those of other forms of aluminum or require special consideration. To examine the acute toxicological effects of exposure to aluminum nanoparticle (Al‐NP)s, adult female zebrafish were exposed to either Al‐NPs or aluminum chloride for up to 48 hours in moderately hard fresh water. Al‐NPs introduced into test water rapidly aggregated and up to 80% sedimented from the water column during exposures. No mortality was caused by concentrations of Al‐NP up to 12.5 mg/L. After exposure, tissue concentrations of aluminum, effects on gill morphology, Na+, K+ ‐ATPase (NKA) activity, and global gene expression patterns were examined. Exposure to both aluminum chloride and nanoparticulate aluminum resulted in a concentration dependent decrease in sodium potassium ATPase activity, although Al‐NP exposure did not alter gill morphology as measured by filament widths. Decreased ATPase activity coincided with decreases in filamental NKA staining and mucous cell counts. Analysis of gill transcriptional responses demonstrated that exposure to 5 mg/L Al‐NP only resulted in significant changes in expression of two genes, whereas aluminum chloride exposure significantly affected the expression of 105 genes. Taken together, these results indicate that nanoparticulate aluminum has little acute toxicity for zebrafish in moderately hard freshwater. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2010.
Predicting climate change effects on wildfires requires linking processes across scales
Authors: Macias Fauria Marc , Michaletz Sean T. , Johnson Edward A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAccurate process‐based prediction of climate change effects on wildfires requires coupling processes across orders of magnitude of time and space scales, because climate dynamic processes operate at relatively large scales (e.g., hemispherical and centennial), but fire behavior processes operate at relatively small scales (e.g., molecules and microseconds). In this review, we outline some of the current understanding of the processes by which climate/meteorology controls wildfire behavior by focusing on four critical stages of wildfire development: (1) fuel drying, (2) ignition, (3) spread, and (4) extinction. We identify some key mechanisms that are required for predicting climate change effects on fires, as well as gaps in our understanding of the processes linking climate and fires. It is currently not possible to make accurate predictions of climate change effects on wildfires due to the limited understanding of the linkage between general circulation model outputs and the local‐scale meteorology to which fire behavior processes respond. WIREs Clim Change 2011 2 99–112 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.92This article is categorized under:

Paleoclimates and Current Trends > Earth System Behavior
First report of captive new Guinea dingo (canis dingo hallstromi) den‐digging and parental behavior
Authors: Koler‐Matznick Janice , Stinner Mindy 
Published: December 2010

AbstractNew Guinea dingoes (NGDs) (Canis dingo hallstromi; Troughton [1957] Proc Roy Soc new South Wells 1955–1956:93–94) have been kept in zoos since 1956. Almost nothing is known of their wild behavior. These observations of a captive pair are the first documentation of natal den‐digging and parental behavior for this taxon. The main den, excavated near the top of a 1.5 m hill, consisted of a rounded chamber about 50.8 cm deep, with an entrance about 30.5 cm high and 40.6 cm wide. The dam frequently moved the pups from the natal den to secondary locations for short periods during the day and then back to the den, starting when the pups were 2 weeks old. When the pups were between 5 and 12 weeks of age, both parents regularly regurgitated for them. The sire expressed escalating threat behavior toward the male pup starting when the pup was 5 months old, and the female began threatening the female pups at about 6 months of age. Rejection of same‐sex offspring is usual for captive NGDs as the next breeding season approaches. Zoo Biol 30:445–450, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surfactant‐Based Oil Extraction of Corn Germ
Authors: Kadioglu Sezin Islamoglu , Phan Tri T. , Sabatini David A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAn aqueous surfactant‐based extraction system was developed for the extraction of corn oil from corn germ with anionic extended surfactants. The surfactants used in this study were sodium linear‐alkyl polypropoxylated polyethoxylated sulfates (C12,14–P10–E2–SO4Na and C10–P18–E2–SO4Na). Interfacial tension, critical microemulsion concentration (CμC), and optimum salinity values of the extended surfactants with corn oil were determined. In the extraction process, the ground corn germ was shaken with predetermined surfactant and salt concentrations at room temperature for 45 min. About 83%, the sum of total free oil and total oil‐in‐water emulsion, of the corn oil was extracted from the corn germ using a formulation of 0.4% C12,14–P10–E2–SO4Na and 1% NaCl. A solid/liquid ratio of 1/10 performed best for efficient oil recovery. The chemical compositions of the extracted corn oils were found to be similar to that of hexane extracted corn oil.
Direct Determination of MCPD Fatty Acid Esters and Glycidyl Fatty Acid Esters in Vegetable Oils by LC–TOFMS
Authors: Haines Troy D. , Adlaf Kevin J. , Pierceall Robert M. , Lee Inmok , Venkitasubramanian Padmesh , Collison Mark W. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAnalysis of MCPD esters and glycidyl esters in vegetable oils using the indirect method proposed by the DGF gave inconsistent results when salting out conditions were varied. Subsequent investigation showed that the method was destroying and reforming MCPD during the analysis. An LC time of flight MS method was developed for direct analysis of both MCPD esters and glycidyl esters in vegetable oils. The results of the LC–TOFMS method were compared with the DGF method. The DGF method consistently gave results that were greater than the LC–TOFMS method. The levels of MCPD esters and glycidyl esters found in a variety of vegetable oils are reported. MCPD monoesters were not found in any oil samples. MCPD diesters were found only in samples containing palm oil, and were not present in all palm oil samples. Glycidyl esters were found in a wide variety of oils. Some processing conditions that influence the concentration of MCPD esters and glycidyl esters are discussed.
A social operational model of urban adolescents’ tobacco and substance use: A mediational analysis
Authors: Mason Michael J. , Mennis Jeremy , Schmidt Christopher D. 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTThis study tested a mediation model of the relationship with tobacco use, social network quality (level of risk or protection in a network), and substance use (alcohol and/or illicit drugs) with a sample of 301 urban adolescents. It was theorized that social network quality would mediate the effect of tobacco use, accounting for PTSD symptoms and parent‐teen relationships, on substance use. Results of path modeling with AMOS showed that the model provided an overall very good fit to the data and demonstrated partial mediation effects of social network quality on substance use. An effect‐size measure was applied to determine what proportion of the total effect was mediated by the intervening (social network) variable and produced a moderate effect size (0.31). Results highlight the mediating role of social network quality on risk factors for adolescent substance use and are informative to prevention science in advancing social operational models of substance use.
An alternative approach to regularity for the Navier–Stokes equations in critical spaces
Authors: Kenig Carlos E. , Koch Gabriel S. 
Published: December 2010

In this paper we present an alternative viewpoint on recent studies of regularity of solutions to the Navier–Stokes equations in critical spaces. In particular, we prove that mild solutions which remain bounded in the space

\.{H}^{\frac{1}{2}}

do not become singular in finite time, a result which was proved in a more general setting by L. Escauriaza, G. Seregin and V. Šverák using a different approach. We use the method of “concentration-compactness” + “rigidity theorem” using “critical elements” which was recently developed by C. Kenig and F. Merle to treat critical dispersive equations. To the authorsʼ knowledge, this is the first instance in which this method has been applied to a parabolic equation.

Résumé

Dans cet exposé, nous présentons un point de vue différent sur les études récentes concernant la régularité des solutions des équations de Navier–Stokes dans les espaces critiques. En particulier, nous démontrons que les solutions faibles qui restent bornées dans lʼespace

\.{H}^{\frac{1}{2}}

ne deviennent pas singulières en temps fini. Ce résultat a été démontré dans un cas plus général par L. Escauriaza, G. Seregin et V. Šverák en utilisant une approche différente. Nous utilisons la méthode de « concentration-compacité » + « théorème de rigidité » utilisant des « éléments critiques » qui a été récemment développée par C. Kenig et F. Merle pour traiter les équations dispersives critiques. À la connaissance des auteurs, cʼest la première fois que cette méthode est appliquée à une équation parabolique.
RETRACTED: Effect of laparoscopic ovarian drilling on vascular endothelial growth factor and ovarian stromal blood flow using 3‐dimensional power Doppler
Authors: El Behery Manal M. , E. Diab Abdalla , Mowafy Hala , Ebrahiem Moustafa A. , E. Shehata Amal 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo determine, by using 3‐dimensional power Doppler ultrasonography, the effect of laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) on the serum level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and ovarian stromal blood flow changes in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).MethodsA prospective controlled clinical study was conducted on 26 clomiphene‐resistant women with PCOS who were scheduled for LOD and a control group of 22 fertile regularly menstruating women. VEGF and 3 ovarian Doppler indices—vascularization index, flow index, and vascularization flow index—were measured and compared between the 2 groups, and before and after LOD in the PCOS group.ResultsSerum VEGF and the Doppler indices of ovarian stromal blood flow were significantly higher in the PCOS group than in the control group. Serum VEGF and the ovarian stromal blood flow Doppler indices were significantly reduced in the PCOS group after LOD.ConclusionIncreased vascularity in PCOS demonstrated by Doppler blood flow measurements might be explained by the high level of VEGF. LOD reduced ovarian vascularization and serum VEGF.