bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An immunohistochemical study of laminin in basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Mostafa Wedad Z. , Mahfouz Soheir M. , Bosseila Manal , Sobhi Rehab M. , El‐Nabarawy Eman 
Published: July 2009

Background: Laminins are components of the extracellular matrix that mediate cell adhesion, growth, migration, proliferation and differentiation. Basement membrane (BM) laminins, in particular, may play a role in enhancing carcinoma cell motility.Aim: To evaluate the distribution pattern of laminin in basal cell carcinoma (BCC), as regards the basement membrane, cellular cytoplasm, peritumoral lacunae and surface epithelium and to correlate laminin distribution with different variants of BCC.Patients and Methods: Skin biopsy specimens were obtained from 21 BCC patients for routine histopathological and immunohistochemical study. Laminin was evaluated qualitatively and semiquantitatively using monoclonal mouse antihuman antibody (Dako‐Laminin, 4C7. Code No: MO638, which reacts with the terminal globular domain of the α5 chain)Results: The majority of BCC cases showed patchy cytoplasmic distribution of laminin. The BM expression of laminin, in most cases, was well defined, fine and linear with irregular areas of thickening. Staining intensity was moderate in differentiated and mixed variants, weak in superficial spreading and absent in morpheic types.Conclusion: Cytoplasmic and basement membrane laminin is important in the pathogenesis and invasion of BCC. Most laminin was in basement membrane zone (BMZ), and the more differentiated the tumor, the more cytoplasmic and BM staining it expressed.
Cytophagic and S‐100 protein immunoreactive myeloid leukemia cutis
Authors: Thomas Crystal G. , Patel Rajiv M. , Bergfeld Wilma F. 
Published: July 2009

Myeloid leukemia cutis (LC) is the cutaneous involvement by neoplastic leukocytes of the myeloid series. Myeloid LC may occur de novo or concurrently with acute myeloid leukemias, chronic myeloid leukemias, other myeloproliferative disorders or myelodysplastic syndromes. We describe an unusual case of cytophagic S‐100 protein immunoreactive leukemia cutis presenting in an 87‐year‐old woman without prior history of myeloid leukemia or other hematologic disorders. We outline key histologic and immunohistochemical features that aide in the diagnosis of LC. The presence of cytophagocytosis on histologic examination, a phenomenon more commonly associated with lymphoid rather than myeloid malignancies, provided a clue to the possibility of a malignant process. The atypical myeloid infiltrate showed S‐100 protein positivity, an unusual finding that may be seen in LC. Although not commonly reported in LC, the presence of S‐100 protein positivity and cytophagocytosis should not lead to the premature exclusion of LC as a possible diagnosis until a thorough clinical, histologic and immunohistochemical evaluation is performed. In addition, the presence of cytophagocytosis has been shown to have prognostic significance for patients with myeloid leukemia.Thomas CG, Patel RM, Bergfeld WF. Cytophagic and S‐100 protein immunoreactive myeloid leukemia cutis.
Basal cell carcinoma with perineural invasion: reexcision perineural invasion?
Authors: Bechert Charles J. , Stern Jere B. 
Published: July 2009

Background: Perineural invasion (PI) in basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas, especially of the head and neck, has been reported to indicate an increased morbidity. Reexcision perineural invasion (RPI), a benign mimic of tumoral perineural invasion, may present a difficult histologic differential diagnosis. Methods: We surveyed the medical literature for PI occurring in basal cell carcinomas to investigate the degree to which the reported cases occurred in reexcision specimens vs. primary biopsy specimens. Results: We found large retrospective studies of 14,120 basal cell carcinomas evaluated for PI in which 310 cases of PI were identified (2.2%), and 20 sporadic case reports of basal cell carcinomas with PI. Of 310 cases of basal cell carcinoma with PI, 196 (63%) were in reexcision specimens. Of 20 sporadic reports, 17 (85%) were in reexcision specimens. Conclusion: The high percentage of PI occurring in reexcision specimens vs. primary excisions may indicate that many of the reported cases of basal cell carcinomas with PI are actually examples of RPI.Bechert CJ, Stern JB. Basal cell carcinoma with perineural invasion: reexcision perineural invasion?
Giant superficial angiomyxoma of the vulva: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Soo , Kim Gou Young , Lim Sung‐Jig , Ki Kyung‐Do , Kim Hyun Cheol 
Published: July 2009

Superficial angiomyxomas (SAMs) are rare, benign cutaneous tumors frequently involving the subcutis. Only 15 cases of SAM involving the vulva have been reported, ranging from 0.9 to 4 cm in diameter. A 26‐year‐old woman presented with a 7‐year history of a large, pedunculated cutaneous mass on the left labium major, measuring 12.5 × 11 × 10.5 cm and mimicking a soft tissue sarcoma. The mass was relatively well‐circumscribed, but unencapsulated and multilobulated. Microscopically, the mass showed a conglomerate of moderately‐to‐sparsely cellular angiomyxoid lobules. Each lobule consisted of scattered spindle‐shaped or stellate tumor cells set in an abundant myxoid stroma. Thin‐walled, small‐to‐medium‐sized blood vessels were distributed diffusely throughout the stroma. Scattered stromal neutrophils were also observed. No large vessels or plexiform capillaries were apparent. There was no perivascular accentuation of stromal cells or smooth muscle bundles. The tumor cells constantly expressed vimentin, CD34, CD44 and S‐100, but none expressed estrogen receptors (ERs) and progesterone receptors (PRs), desmin or cytokeratin. Together, these findings were diagnostic of a SAM. Giant SAMs of the vulva can mimic aggressive angiomyxomas (AAMs) and angiomyofibroblastomas (AMB), as well as soft tissue sarcomas. Giant SAMs should be included in the differential diagnosis of vulvar soft tissue tumors.Kim H‐S, Kim GY, Lim S‐J, Ki K‐D, Kim HC. Giant superficial angiomyxoma of the vulva: a case report and review of the literature.
Low‐affinity nerve growth factor receptor (P75 NGFR) as a marker of perineural invasion in malignant melanomas
Authors: Chan Maren M. , Tahan Steven R. 
Published: July 2009

Background: Perineural invasion (PNI) is a well‐recognized route of tumor extension in cutaneous neoplasms. Despite an established association with increased local recurrences and metastases, the mechanisms responsible for PNI have yet to be elucidated. We hypothesize that P75 NGFR, a nerve growth factor receptor, may be implicated in the pathogenesis of PNI in these tumors. Methods: P75 NGFR immunohistochemical staining was performed on 47 skin tumors with PNI including invasive squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs = 29), basal cell carcinomas (BCCs = 8) and malignant melanomas (MMs = 10). These were compared with similar lesions without PNI (SCCs = 7, BCCs = 7 and MMs = 9). Results: P75 NGFR staining was absent in all invasive SCCs irrespective of the presence of PNI (n = 0/36). Two BCCs with PNI (n = 2/8) and three without PNI (n = 3/7) showed focal P75 NGFR staining. Interestingly, 8 of 10 invasive MMs with PNI had positive P75 NGFR expression (80%), in contrast to only 1 of 9 without PNI (11%). Conclusions: P75 NGFR may play a mechanistic role in invasive MMs demonstrating PNI. Furthermore, its expression may serve as a marker of PNI in those tumors that lack histological evidence of nerve involvement at the time of excision.Chan MM, Tahan SR. Low‐affinity nerve growth factor receptor (P75 NGFR) as a marker of perineural invasion in malignant melanomas.
Induction of MMP‐1 (collagenase‐1) by relaxin in fibrocartilaginous cells requires both the AP‐1 and PEA‐3 promoter sites
Authors: Kapila S , Xie Y , Wang W 
Published: July 2009

Structured AbstractAuthors –  Kapila S, Xie Y, Wang WObjectives –  Relaxin induces the matrix metalloproteinase MMP‐1 (collagenase‐1) in TMJ fibrocartilaginous cells, and this response is potentiated by β‐estradiol. We identified the MMP‐1 promoter sites and transcription factors that are induced by relaxin with or without β‐estradiol in fibrocartilaginous cells.Material and Methods –  Early passage cells were transiently transfected with the pBLCAT2 plasmid containing specific segments of the human MMP‐1 promoter regulating the chloramphenicol acyl transferase (CAT) gene and co‐transfected with a plasmid containing the β‐galactosidase gene. The cells were cultured in serum‐free medium alone or medium containing 0.1 ng/ml relaxin, or 20 ng/ml β‐estradiol or both hormones, and lysates assayed for CAT and β‐galactosidase activity.Results –  Cells transfected with the −1200/−42 or −139/−42 bp MMP‐1 promoter‐reporter constructs showed 1.5‐fold and 3‐fold induction of CAT by relaxin in the absence or presence of β‐estradiol, respectively. Relaxin failed to induce CAT in the absence of the −137/−69 region of the MMP‐1 promoter, which contains the AP‐1‐and PEA3‐binding sites. Using wild type or mutated minimal AP‐1 and PEA‐3 promoters we found that both these promoter sites are essential for the induction of MMP‐1 by relaxin. The mRNAs for transcription factors c‐fos and c‐jun, which together form the AP‐1 heterodimer, and Ets‐1 that modulates the PEA‐3 site, were upregulated by relaxin or β‐estradiol plus relaxin.Conclusion –  These studies show that both the AP‐1 and PEA‐3 promoter sites are necessary for the induction of MMP‐1 by relaxin in fibrocartilaginous cells.
Genetic studies of craniofacial anomalies: clinical implications and applications
Authors: Hart TC , Hart PS 
Published: July 2009

Structured AbstractAuthors – Hart TC, Hart PSThe objective of the study was to overview the role of genetic research in fostering translational studies of craniofacial diseases of dental interest. Background information is presented to illustrate influences affecting genetic research studies of Mendelian diseases. Genetic studies of amelogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta, hereditary gingival fibromatosis and Papillon Lefèvre syndrome are reviewed. Findings are presented to illustrate how translational applications of clinical and basic research may improve clinical care. Clinical and basic science research has identified specific genes and mutations etiologically responsible for amelogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta, hereditary gingival fibromatosis and Papillon Lefèvre syndrome. These findings are enabling researchers to understand how specific genetic alterations perturb normal growth and development of dental tissues. Identification of the genetic basis of these conditions is enabling clinicians and researchers to more fully understand the etiology and clinical consequences of these diseases of dental importance. Findings from genetic studies of dental diseases provide a basis for diagnostic genetic testing and development of therapeutic intervention strategies directed at the underlying disease etiology. These studies are advancing our understanding of the development of dental tissues in health and disease. The dental community must consider how to incorporate these developments into effective disease prevention paradigms to facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of individuals with genetic diseases.
High prevalence of impaired fasting glucose in Chinese children and adolescents with prehypertension/hypertension
Authors: Zhao Lei , Ma Ya‐Hong , Xu Jian‐Xin , Li Shu‐Bo , Yang Jin‐Kui 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAim:  To assess the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose among Chinese children and adolescents with prehypertension/hypertension (PHP/HP), overweight/obesity (OW/OB) or both in the general population.Methods:  In total, 3409 children and adolescents among the age group of 10–18 years were enrolled. These subjects were then divided into four groups: OW/OB, PHP/HP, OW/OB + PHP/HP and a control group. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and lipid levels were measured in children with a body mass index ≥85th percentile and/or blood pressure ≥90th percentile and in 100 subjects randomly selected from the control group. The oral glucose tolerance test was performed in all the subjects with fasting glucose ≥5.6 mmol/L.Results:  Eighty‐one impaired fasting glucose subjects and one girl with type 2 diabetes were identified. The prevalence of impaired fasting glucose in PHP/HP (7.03%) was not significantly different from that in the OW/OB + PHP/HP group (8.59%), but was higher than that in the OW/OB group (3.31%).Conclusion:  Although the American Diabetes Association does not recommend the FPG test for children and adolescents with PHP/HP, in this study, we found that children and adolescents with PHP/HP have a higher prevalence of impaired fasting glucose than those with OW/OB. Further validation of these findings is warranted and a type 2 diabetes screening protocol for Chinese children and adolescents needs to be established.
Lennard-Jones quark matter and massive quark stars
Authors: Lai X. Y. , Xu R. X. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Quark clustering could occur in cold quark matter because of the strong coupling between quarks at realistic baryon densities of compact stars. Although one may still not be able to calculate this conjectured matter from the first principles, the intercluster interaction might be analogized to the interaction between inert molecules. Cold quark matter would then crystallize in a solid state if the intercluster potential is deep enough to trap the clusters in the wells. We apply the Lennard-Jones potential to describe the intercluster potential and derive the equations of state, which are stiffer than those derived in conventional models (e.g. MIT bag model). If quark stars are composed of the Lennard-Jones matter, they could have high maximum masses (&gt;2 M⊙) as well as very low masses (&lt;10−3 M⊙). These features could be tested by observations.
Orexins/hypocretins control bistability of hippocampal long‐term synaptic plasticity through co‐activation of multiple kinases
Authors: Selbach O. , Bohla C. , Barbara A. , Doreulee N. , Eriksson K. S. , Sergeeva O. A. , Haas H. L. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAim:  Orexins/hypocretins (OX/Hcrt) are hypothalamic neuropeptides linking sleep–wakefulness, appetite and neuroendocrine control. Their role and mechanisms of action on higher brain functions, such as learning and memory, are not clear.Methods:  We used field recordings of excitatory post‐synaptic potentials (fEPSP) in acute mouse brain slice preparations to study the effects of orexins and pharmacological inhibitors of multiple kinases on long‐term synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus.Results:  Orexin‐A (OX‐A) but not orexin‐B (OX‐B) induces a state‐dependent long‐term potentiation of synaptic transmission (LTPOX) at Schaffer collateral‐CA1 synapses in hippocampal slices from adult (8‐ to 12‐week‐old) mice. In contrast, OX‐A applied to slices from juvenile (3‐ to 4‐week‐old) animals causes a long‐term depression (LTDOX) in the same pathway. LTPOX is blocked by pharmacological inhibition of orexin receptor‐1 (OX1R) and plasticity‐related kinases, including serine/threonine‐ (CaMKII, PKC, PKA, MAPK), lipid‐ (PI3K), and receptor tyrosine kinases (Trk). Inhibition of OX1R, CaMKII, PKC, PKA and Trk unmasks LTDOX in adult animals.Conclusion:  Orexins control not only the bistability of arousal states and threshold for appetitive behaviours but, in an age‐ and kinase‐dependent manner, also bidirectional long‐term synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, providing a possible link between behavioural state and memory functions.
Usefulness of measuring reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent in the management of haemodialysis patients with iron deficiency
Authors: MIWA N. , AKIBA T. , KIMATA N. , HAMAGUCHI Y. , ARAKAWA Y. , TAMURA T. , NITTA K. , TSUCHIYA K. 
Published: July 2009

SummaryThe evaluation of iron status in dialysis patients provides information essential to the planning of adequate recombinant human erythropoietin treatment. The cellular iron status of the patients can be determined from the recently available measurement of reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (RET‐He). RET‐He is measured on the basis of automated fluorescent flow cytometry which in the reticulocyte channel, using a polymethine dye, also measures the mean value of the forward light scatter intensity of mature red blood cells and reticulocytes. These values equate with reticulocyte hemoglobin content. In this study, to clarify the accuracy of RET‐He in diagnosing iron deficiency in dialysis patients, we initially compared RET‐He with such iron parameters as serum ferritin levels, transferrin saturation and content of reticulocyte hemoglobin (CHr) which has been established as indicators of functional iron deficiency. Secondly, we investigated the changes in RET‐He during iron supplementation for iron‐deficient patients to determine whether this marker is a prospective and reliable indicator of iron sufficiency. The participants in this study were 217 haemodialysis patients. Iron deficiency was defined as havsing a transferrin saturation (TSAT) < 20% or serum ferritin < 100 ng/ml. Conventional parameters of red blood cells and RET‐He were measured by on a XE‐2100 automated blood cell counter (Sysmex). CHr was measured on an ADVIA120 autoanalyser (Siemens). RET‐He mean value was 32.4 pg and good correlation (r = 0.858) between RET‐He and CHr is obtained in dialysis patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed, values of the area was 0.776 and at a cutoff value of 33.0 pg, a sensitivity of 74.3% and a specificity of 64.9%, were achieved. Iron supplements given to the patients with low TSAT or ferritin, RET‐He responded within 2 weeks, and this seemed to be a potential advantage of using RET‐He in the estimation of iron status. RET‐He is a new parameter, equivalent value to CHr, and is easily measurable on the widely spread and popular blood cell counter and is a sensitive and specific marker of iron status in dialysis patients.
Hepatitis C virus kinetics during the first phase of pegylated interferon‐α‐2b with ribavirin therapy in patients with living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Ichikawa Tatsuki , Nakao Kazuhiko , Miyaaki Hisamitsu , Eguchi Susumu , Takatsuki Mitsuhisa , Fujimito Masumi , Akiyama Motohisa , Miuma Satoshi , Ozawa Eisuke , Shibata Hidetaka , Takeshita Shigeyuki , Kanematsu Takashi , Eguchi Katsumi 
Published: July 2009

Aim:  To identify the problems of pegylated interferon (PEG IFN) with ribavirin therapy against hepatitis C virus (HCV) reinfection in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) patients. HCV kinetics during the PEG IFN with ribavirin therapy were analyzed in LDLT patients, as well as in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients.Methods:  The study included 80 consecutive HCV infected patients undergoing PEG IFN with ribavirin therapy (64 CHC and 16 LDLT patients) who attended the Nagasaki University Hospital for an initial visit between January 2005 and December 2007.Results:  The sustained viral response (VR) rate of the CHC group (80%) was superior to the LDLT group (22%). The viral disappearance rate of the CHC group was also superior to the LDLT group, regardless of the HCV serotype. The HCV core antigen (cAg) titer under treatment in the LDLT group was more than that of the CHC group from day 0 to week 12. The HCV cAg decrease rate of the LDLT group on the first day of treatment was less than that of the CHC group.Conclusion:  The HCV infection of a transplanted liver is more refractory to treatment than a non‐transplanted liver. The low reduction HCV cAg rate on day 1 is one of the problems of the combination therapy.
Flow cytometric isolation and phenotypic characterization of two subsets of ED2+ (CD163) hepatic macrophages in rats
Authors: He Yao , Sadahiro Tomohito , Noh Sang‐Ik , Wang Hong , Todo Tsuyoshi , Chai Ning‐ning , Klein Andrew S. , Wu Gordon D. 
Published: July 2009

Aims:  Macrophages in the liver are well known for their functional heterogeneity. However, subpopulations of the hepatic macrophages are not well defined.Methods:  Two subsets of hepatic macrophages isolated from rats via FACS with immunolabeling of ED2 (anti‐CD163) antibody were studied for phenotypic and functional characteristics.Results:  A subset showed an ED2high and autofluorescencehigh (ED2high/AFhigh) phenotype, exhibiting characteristics consistent with the description of the Kupffer cells (KC). A second subset, displaying an ED2dim/AFdim phenotype, was smaller in size, monocyte‐like and weak in phagocytosis. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that both subsets are phagocytes. Quantitative RT‐PCR revealed that in addition to expression of macrophage‐related surface markers such as CD14, ED1 (CD68), fucose receptor, and CD163, the ED2dim/ AFdim cells expressed mRNA encoding for myeloid lineage differentiation markers ERMP12 (PECAM) and ERMP20 (Ly‐6C). These two subsets exhibited differential in gene expression of selected cytokines, extracellular matrix proteinases, and Toll‐like receptor in normal livers, as well as significantly upregulated expression in cholestatic livers induced by bile duct ligation.Conclusion:  The data suggest that the ED2high/AFhigh population of the liver cells represent the conventional Kupffer cells. The ED2dim/AFdim cells, however, are small hepatic resident macrophages characteristically different from the conventional Kupffer cells.
Predictive value of suppressor of cytokine signal 3 (SOCS3) in the outcome of interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Miyaaki Hisamitsu , Ichikawa Tatsuki , Nakao Kazuhiko , Matsuzaki Toshihisa , Muraoka Toru , Honda Takuya , Takeshita Shigeyuki , Shibata Hidetaka , Ozawa Eisuke , Akiyama Motohisa , Miuma Satoshi , Eguchi Katsumi 
Published: July 2009

Aims:  Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) can suppress Janus kinase (JAK)‐signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) signaling by blocking an IFN‐induced protein. In this study, the relationship between SOCS3 and phosphorylation of STAT1 in the liver and outcome of interferon therapy were examined.Methods:  Prior to interferon treatment, we immunostained for SOCS3 and phosphorylated‐STAT1 (P‐STAT1) in 59 liver specimens from chronic hepatitis C virus (CHC) patients and compared the expression of SOCS3 and clinicopathological factors. Fifty‐one patients were receiving peg‐interferon alpha‐2b and ribavirin therapy and also compared interferon therapy effect and the expression of SOCS3.Results:  Immunostaining for SOCS3 was mainly seen in the periportal area. The concentration of P‐STAT1 nuclei was significantly larger in specimens with < 30% area immunostaining to SOCS3 than those in which this area was ≥ 30% (10.6 ± 8.8 vs. 4.6 ± 6.1, P = 0.004). SOCS3 immunostaining score was significantly correlated with aspartate amino transferase (r = 0.373, P = 0.003), alanine amino transferase (r = 0.337, P = 0.008), platelets (r = −0.273, P = 0.037), and homeostatic model assessment (r = 0.339, P = 0.008). On univariate analysis and multivariate analysis, SOCS3 immunostaining score (0 or 1) and age (<60 years old) were significant predictors of interferon response (odds ratio 10.888; P = 0.010; odds ratio 3.817, P = 0.045 respectively).Conclusion:  SOCS3 expression in the liver prior to interferon therapy was correlated with increased insulin resistance and might be a useful predictor of HCV clearance by interferon therapy.