bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microwave Hyperthermia for Brain Tumors
Authors: Winter Arthur , Laing Joy , Paglione Robert , Sterzer Fred 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Twelve patients with malignant brain tumors who had failed to respond to conventional therapies were treated with thermotherapy. Hyperthermic temperatures (∼43°C) were induced in the tumors using microwaves at a frequency of 2450 MHz that were guided into the tumors by one or more semirigid coaxial applicators. These applicators fit into 16 gauge tubes or needles and can be inserted into the brain with minimal damage to healthy tissues. During each treatment, the tumors were maintained at hyperthermic temperatures for 1 hour. Several treatments spaced a few days apart were usually administered. The procedure used for producing hyperthermia in brain tumors with microwaves proved to be safe and could be repeated several times without producing toxic effects. Objective tumor responses were obtained in 75% of the patients (decrease in tumor size, 3 patients; slowing of tumor growth, 2 patients; necrosis of tumor tissues verified by pathological examination, 4 patients). Favorable clinical responses were observed in 75% of the patients (rapid decrease in intractable headaches, 5 patients; improvements in clinical deficits, 4 patients). Also, in all patients, the microwave power required to heat for a given time or a given volume decreased during most of the thermotherapy sessions, possibly because of heat damage to the tumor vasculature. Our results, taken together with the results of other investigators, indicate that thermotherapy is a promising modality for treating malignant brain tumors, either as the sole therapy or in combination with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The next logical steps would be Phase I/II type trials of subjects whose disease is less advanced than the disease of patients treated in the current series of investigations.
Recurrent Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Complicating a Traumatic Carotid-Cavernous Fistula
Authors: Dohrmann Peter J. , Batjer Hunt H. , Samson Duke , Suss Richard A. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Recurrent subarachnoid hemorrhage complicated a traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula in a young man. The fistula drained predominantly into the deep venous system of the brain, where the hemorrhage was thought to have occurred.
Angiographically Occult Angiomas: A Report of Thirteen Cases with Analysis of the Cases Documented in the Literature
Authors: Wakai Susumu , Ueda Yasuichi , Inoh Satoshi , Nagai Masakatsu 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Thirteen cases of angiographically occult angioma (AOA) are reported. Nine of these presented with intraparenchymatous hemorrhage, and the other 4 patients had epilepsy. The pathological diagnosis was arteriovenous malformation in 12 cases and cavernous angioma in 1. All surgical speciments but 2 contained hemosiderin pigment. In addition to these 13 cases, we reviewed 159 cases of AOA reported in the literature and analyzed them in terms of age, sex, symptoms and signs at admission, computed tomographic findings, location and size of angioma, history of previous and recurrent hemorrhage, type of hemorrhage, and outcome of operation to determine the characteristics of AOAs. The results of these analyses are described in detail, and the indications for surgical treatment of suspected AOAs are discussed. Our microsurgical technique for detecting the angioma within or adjacent to the hematoma is also presented.
Comparison of the Failure Biomechanics of Spinal Fixation Devices
Authors: Maiman Dennis J. , Sances Anthony , Larson Sanford J. , Myklebust Joel B. , Chilbert Michael A. , Nesemann Sam P. , Flatley Thomas J. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The failure biomechanics of Harrington distraction rods, modified Weiss springs, and Luque rods were studied in intact cadavers and isolated spinal columns using flexion-compression loading. Most spines fractured at T-11 or T-12 at applied loads ranging between 556 and 4220 newtons (mean = 1833 N). After Harrington distraction rod placement, the same spines failed at a mean load of 859 N (42% of control), always as a result of hook extrusion and often including lamina fracture (seven cases). When modified Weiss springs were used, the spines failed at a mean load of 1128 N (54% of control) by allowing the spine to bend to the initial failure angle; in most instances, deformities resolved when the load was reduced. Luque rods were tested in four specimens; these provided the most rigid stabilization and failed at 83% of control values. Modified Weiss springs often maintain spinal stability better than Harrington distraction rods.
Translabyrinthine Removal of Cerebellopontine Angle Meningiomas
Authors: Giannotta Steven L. , Pulec Jack L. , Goodkin Robert 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The authors report two cases of the microscopic total removal of meningiomas in the region of the cerebellopontine angle using the translabyrinthine approach. Although both tumors were larger than 4 cm, the only resulting neurological deficit was ipsilateral hearing loss. The translabyrinthine approach may be an alternative measure in dealing with these difficult lesions.
Arteriovenous Malformations of the Superior Cerebellar Artery: Excision via an Occipital Transtentorial Approach
Authors: Salcman Michael , Nudelman Robert W. , Bellis Edwin H. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the superior cerebellar artery (SCA) are unusual and difficult lesions to treat, representing less than half of all AVMs located in the posterior fossa. Traditional approaches for surgical extirpation include the subtemporal transtentorial and suboccipital supracerebellar routes. On the basis of our recent experience with three SCA-supplied AVMs, we advocate an occipital transtentorial approach similar to that used for neoplasms of the pineal gland. Exposure of the AVM from above and in the midline provides superior visualization of the deep veins, the SCA arborization in the retrocollicular space, and the rostral cerebellum, without exposing the temporal lobe and the 4th nerve to surgical trauma in a narrow, confined space. Superior cerebellar AVMs that arise from the caudal branch of the SCA on the superolateral aspect of the hemisphere are more easily handled by standard suboccipital methods.
Resolving Occlusive Lesions of the Basilar Artery
Authors: Little John R. , Furlan Anthony J. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Progression of severe basilar artery stenosis to occlusion is a well-recognized phenomenon, but regression of a severe basilar artery atherothrombotic lesion has not been described previously. In this report, two patients with a symptomatic severe basilar artery occlusive lesion showed substantial angiographic improvement after 3 months of anticoagulation in one case and 4 months after superficial temporal artery to superior cerebellar artery bypass in the other case. The findings in these cases indicate that clinical improvement in similar cases may reflect recanalization of a basilar artery occlusive lesion. The uncertain natural history and potential for regression of symptomatic basilar artery atherothormbosis make us hesitant to recommend posterior circulation revascularization immediately after such lesions are first demonstrated angiographically.
Postural Syncope and Trigeminal Neuralgia Relieved by Percutaneous Rhizotomy with Glycerol
Authors: Arias Manuel J. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A patient with typical trigeminal neuralgia experienced an episode of sudden loss of consciousness when she tried to sit up. Clinical neurological and neuroradiological studies revealed no known abnormalities. Percutaneous retrogasserian rhizotomy with glycerol with the patient in the prone position relieved the syncope and neuralgia.
Foreign Body Reaction to Rubber Torkildsen Catheters: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Rossitch Eugene , Friedman Allan H. , Bullard Dennis E. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Two patients came to clinical attention because of foreign body reactions to rubber catheters. In one patient, the reaction presented as multiple levels of aseptic meningitis and, in the second patient, the reaction caused an intracranial mass with localized neurological dysfunction.
Quantitative Anatomy of the Thoracolumbar Epidural Space
Authors: Reynolds Arden F. , Roberts P. Alex , Pollay Michael , Stratemeier Phillip H. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Quantitative measurements of the epidural space between T-7 and L-4 were made in the sagittal and coronal planes utilizing x-ray films made after the injection of iodized oil into the epidural space in the low thoracic and upper lumbar areas. These data reveal a 1-mm ventral epidural space and a 2-mm lateral epidural space, with a sawtooth shape to the dorsal epidural space measuring between 1.1 and 2.9 mm at the rostral lamina and between 3.8 and 6.5 mm at the caudal lamina. Additionally, five patients with chronic pain were studied by computed tomography of T-8 to T-12, with confirmation of the sawtooth shape of the dorsal epidural space. Computed tomography showed the measurements of the epidural space at the rostral lamina to vary between 1.3 and 1.6 mm and those at the caudal lamina/interlaminar space to range from 6.9 to 9.1 mm.
Comparative Studies of the Diagnostic Value of Cerebrospinal Fluid Spectrophotometry and Computed Tomographic Scanning in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Tsementzis S.A. , Hitchcock E.R. , DeCothi A. , Gill J.S. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Serial spectrophotometric scans of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and computed tomographic (CT) scans of 99 patients with a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) were examined. The xanthochromic index (i.e., the sum of the absorption values at 416 nm (oxyhemoglobin) and 460 nm (bilirubin)) yielded an accurate diagnosis in 82%, as did the CT scan. When both spectrophotometric and CT scans were used, the accuracy of SAH diagnosis increased to 96%. The xanthochromic index was valuable in estimating the date of hemorrhage and also correlated well with the clinical outcome of these patients. Only 42% of the recurrent hemorrhages were diagnosed by CSF spectrophotometry; in this capacity, its role seems less clear. However, a positive diagnosis of recurrent hemorrhage by CT scan was made in 83%.
Stab Wounds at the Craniocervical Junction
Authors: de Villiers J.C. , Grant A. R. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Between 1976 and 1984, 11 patients with stab wounds at the craniocervical junction were seen in the Department of Neurosurgery at Groote Schuur Hospital. The injury usually occurred in males, and the left side was predominantly involved. Because of the anatomical features of this region, the penetrating instrument is deflected by the occipital squama into the atlantooccipital or atlantoaxial interspace, and an almost predictable syndrome occurs. The dura mater is penetrated, so that cerebrospinal fluid leakage and meningitis are common complications (meningitis occurred in 5 patients). A meningocele may develop at this site and did occur in 4 patients, but only 2 required surgical repair. Because of the exposed position of the vertebral artery at this level, this vessel was injured in 4 patients; an arteriovenous fistula developed in 2, vertebral artery occlusion occurred in 1, and a false aneurysm developed in another patient. The neurological deficit varied in magnitude, was often transient, affected the upper limbs more than the lower, was asymmetrical (suggestive of lateralized injury), and at times showed a remarkable tendency to recover. Awareness of the existence of this syndrome may help in forestalling complications. The only warning sign may be an insignificant wound in the suboccipital or retromastoid region.
Vertebral Artery Thrombosis Accompanied by Burst Fracture of the Lower Cervical Spine: Case Report
Authors: Handa Yuji , Hayashi Minoru , Kawano Hirokazu , Kobayashi Hidenori , Hirose Satoshi 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A case of thrombosis of the vertebral artery and an associated bursting fracture of the lower cervical spine is reported. Computed tomography revealed both the location and the spreading of the fractures of the injured spine. We recognized that the vertebral artery thrombosis was caused by an injury to the arterial wall within the fractured transverse foramen
Single Stage Composite Resection and Reconstruction of Malignant Anterior Skull Base Tumors
Authors: Rosen Harvey M. , Simeone Frederick A. , Bruce Derek A. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Operative morbidity, including osteomyelitis and meningeal and cerebral sepsis, remains high among patients undergoing the composite (bony and overlying soft tissue) resection of malignant skull base tumors. This is in part because of the poor wound healing afforded by free skin grafts and the poorly vascularized pericranial flaps routinely used to resurface the operative defect. In an effort to reduce the operative morbidity, single stage resection and reconstruction with distant vascularized flap tissue was performed in five consecutive patients who presented with malignant skull base tumors. We think that immediate flap reconstruction will allow skull base lesions previously considered unresectable or associated with a prohibitive complication rate to be safely resected. Case presentations illustrate operative techniques. The potential disadvantage of masking a tumor recurrence with immediate flap coverage is discussed.
Haemophilus influenzae Meningitis in the Presence of a Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt
Authors: Pottage John C. , Petrak Russell M. , Harris Alan A. , Levin Stuart 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in the presence of a cerebrospinal fluid shunt has been reported uncommonly. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, the most common etiological agents, are usually acquired by contiguous spread from an intraoperative or perioperative source. These infections usually occur within 2 months of shunt insertion and are rarely associated with bacteremia. Review of the literature shows that infection with H. influenzae typically occurs later than with the more common pathogens, is commonly associated with bacteremia, and frequently can be treated with antibiotics alone.
Delayed Ischemic Deterioration in Patients with Early Aneurysm Operation and Intravenous Nimodipine
Authors: Hans Säveland , Bengt Ljunggren , Lennart Brandt , Kenneth Messeter 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A consecutive series of 100 individuals with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage were subjected to early aneurysm operation followed by subsequent intravenous administration of the calcium antagonist nimodipine during the critical period for symptomatic vasospasm. A total of 85 patients were in Hunt and Hess neurological Grades I through III, and 15 were in Grade IV or V before operation. In 39 individuals the aneurysm was located in the anterior cerebral artery complex (ACA), in 29 it originated from the internal carotid artery complex (ICA), and in 32 individuals the ruptured aneurysm arose from the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Of the patients, 71% made a good neurological recovery: the morbidity was 22%, and the mortality was 7%. Of the Grade I-III patients, 79% made a good neurological recovery, and the mortality was 6%. Delayed ischemic cerebral deterioration with permanent dysfunction occurred in five patients, all with ruptured ACA ancurysms. No single patient in the ICA or MCA populations developed delayed ischemic deterioration with fixed neurological deficit despite the presence of several potential risk factors, especially among the MCA aneurysm patients.
Cavernous Angioma: A Review of 126 Collected and 12 New Clinical Cases
Authors: Simard J. Marc , Francisco Garcia-Bengochea , Ballinger William E. , Mickle J. Parker , Quisling Ronald G. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The histopathological, clinical, and radiological features of the intracranial cavernous angioma are reviewed, based on an analysis of 138 symptomatic, histologically verified cases. Twelve of the cases are from our own series and 126 were collected from appropriately documented reports in the modern literature. The analysis indicated that, at the time of diagnosis, one-third of the patients (49 cases) were being evaluated for seizures, one-third (40 cases) for clinical evidence of hemorrhage, and one-third (49 cases) for mass lesions. Unlike the other two groups, the group presenting with clinical evidence of hemorrhage was distinguished by a dominant age at the time of diagnosis (41% were diagnosed during the 4th decade of life), by a high incidence of prior neurological evaluation (43%), by a higher rate of diagnosis at autopsy (28%) than at operation, and by the absence of microscopic calcification within the lesion.
Arachnoid Cysts of the Posterior Fossa
Authors: Rock J. P. , Zimmerman R. , Bell W. O. , Fraser R. A. R. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Arachnoid cysts of the posterior fossa are an uncommon clinical entity. The two cases presented in this review were evaluated without vertebral angiography. We think that the development of magnetic resonance imaging may obviate the need for angiography in selected cases.
Intrasellar Mucocele Simulating Pituitary Adenoma: Case Report
Authors: Abla Adnan A. , Maroon Joseph C. , Wilberger James E. , Kennerdell John S. , Deeb Ziad L. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Mucoceles occupying the sella turcica with suprasellar extension are quite rare. A case of intrasellar mucocele is reported. The preoperative clinical and computed tomographic appearance could not be differentiated from that of pituitary adenoma.
Klinefelter's Syndrome, Cerebral Germinoma, Chiari Malformation, and Syrinx: A Case Report
Authors: Ellis Simon J. , Crockard Alan , O. Barnard Robin 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A case of Klinefelter's syndrome associated with intracranial germinoma and Chiari malformation is described. The case is discussed in view of the literature linking Klinefelter's syndrome with skeletal defects and germinoma.
Transient Neurological Deficit after Therapeutic Embolization of the Arteries Supplying the Medial Wall of the Hemisphere, Including the Supplementary Motor Area
Authors: Schell Gerald , Hodge Charles J. , Cacayorin Edwin 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A 27-year-old, right-handed woman underwent intraoperative embolization for a left parasagittal arteriovenous malformation as part of a two stage plan that included subsequent surgical resection of the arteriovenous malformation. This report describes the neurological syndrome that developed after the first procedure. The relation of these deficits to localization of function within the supplementary motor area are correlated with recent advances in our understanding of this region.
Treatment of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks and Gram-negative Bacillary Meningitis with Large Doses of Intrathecal Amikacin and Systemic Antibiotics
Authors: Gilbert Verne E. , Beals Joe D. , Natelson Stephen E. , Tyler William A. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Six patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks and gram-negative bacillary meningitis (GNBM) were treated with large does of intrathecal amikacin (20 to 40 mg daily) and systemic antibiotics, Bactericidal activity was measured in the CSF of each patient, and the dose of intrathecal amikacin was increased if bactericidal activity was absent. Five of six patients had no bactericidal activity with systemic antibiotics alone and/or low dose intrathecal amikacin. All six patients were cured, and three of four patients with vertebral lesions had cessation of CSF leaks within 72 hours of the start of intrathecal amikacin. Intrathecal treatment for 7 to 10 days was adequate for five patients; the CSF of all patients was sterile within 72 hours, and all had a 90% reduction of pleocytosis in the CSF within 96 hours. One patient had radicular back pain after each intrathecal injection, but other side effects were not observed. These findings indicate that CSF leaks associated with GNBM can be effectively treated with large doses of intrathecal amikacin plus systemic antibiotics.
Hemorrhagic Infarction after Vasospasm Due to Ruptured Cerebral Aneurysm
Authors: Terada Tomoaki , Komai Norihiko , Hayashi Seiji , Moriwaki Hiroshi , Hyoutani Genhachi , Uematsu Yuji , Karasawa Jun , Kikuchi Haruhiko 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Hemorrhagic infarction after vasospasm is a rare condition in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Induced hypertensive therapy is used for patients with vasospasm, but this treatment has a risk of inducing hemorrhagic infarction. A total of 221 patients whose first computed tomographic (CT) scans were examined within 2 weeks after SAH were investigated for this study. There was symptomatic vasospasm in 99 (45%), cerebral infarction in 37 (17%), and hemorrhagic infarction in 13 (6%). Hemorrhagic infarction usually occurred 20 to 30 days after aneurysmal rupture; this period corresponds with the remission stage of the vasospasm. On CT scans, the hemorrhagic infarction was revealed as a leaky hemorrhage in a low density area in 11 cases, and a massive hemorrhage with mass effect was seen in 2 cases. These findings suggest that hemorrhagic infarction after vasospasm may sometimes be fatal. Cerebral blood flow autoregulation in patients with vasospasm was normal or of a hypertensive type during the remission stage of vasospasm, when hemorrhagic infarction usually appeared. This finding shows that induced hypertension therapy is ineffective during this stage; it should be stopped by this stage because it is ineffective and also may aggravate hemorrhagic infarction.
Failure of Naloxone to Improve Spinal Cord Blood Flow and Cardiac Output after Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Wallace Christopher M. , Tator Charles H. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
It has been reported that the narcotic antagonist, naloxone, can improve spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) and clinical recovery after experimental spinal cord injury produced by the weight-dropping technique. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of naloxone on SCBF, cardiac output (CO) and blood flow to other organs following clip compression injury. Rats were anesthetized, paralyzed and ventilated, with mean systemic arterial pressure (MSAP) recorded continuously, After a C-7-T-1 laminectomy and a 1-minute acute compression injury with a 50-g clip at T-1, rats were given injections of radioactive microspheres for measurement of SCBF, CO, and blood flow to other organs. The first determination was made 15 minutes after injury and a second was made after a 1-hour treatment with naloxone. Treated animals each received an intravenous bolus injection of naloxone (10 mg/kg) followed by a 1-hour intravenous infusion (2 mg/kg/hour). Naloxone failed to improve posttraumatic SCBF in the injured spinal cord. In addition, naloxone did not prevent posttraumatic hypotension or the progressive decline in CO seen between 15 and 75 minutes after injury. Thus, this study does not support the previous claims of a beneficial effect of naloxone on posttraumatic SCBF and MSAP.
Caudate Hemorrhage
Authors: Waga Shiro , Fujimoto Kiyoshige , Okada Masahiko , Miyazaki Masao , Tanaka Yutaka 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Thirteen patients with caudate hemorrhage are described. All the hemorrhages were in the head of the caudate nucleus, and all the hemorrhages but one ruptured in the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle. In 9 patients, the hemorrhage was related to hypertension and the patients were older. In the other 4 patients, the hemorrhage resulted from rupture of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and the patients were under 40 years old. Clinical manifestations were nearly the same in both groups, suggestive of subarachnoid hemorrhage and including hemiparesis in most patients. In patients with hypertension, good recovery was obtained by conservative treatment and in those with reptured AVMs, resection of AVMs through an anterior transcallosal approach may be safe and recommended.