bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Threshold Phenomenon for Random Independent Sets in the Discrete Hypercube
Authors: GALVIN DAVID 
Published: July 2010

Let I be an independent set drawn from the discrete d-dimensional hypercube Qd = {0, 1}d according to the hard-core distribution with parameter λ > 0 (that is, the distribution in which each independent set I is chosen with probability proportional to λ|I|). We show a sharp transition around λ = 1 in the appearance of I: for λ > 1, min{|I ∩ Ɛ|, |I ∩ |} = 0 asymptotically almost surely, where Ɛ and are the bipartition classes of Qd, whereas for λ < 1, min{|I ∩ Ɛ|, |I ∩ |} is asymptotically almost surely exponential in d. The transition occurs in an interval whose length is of order 1/d.A key step in the proof is an estimation of Zλ(Qd), the sum over independent sets in Qd with each set I given weight λ|I| (a.k.a. the hard-core partition function). We obtain the asymptotics of Zλ(Qd) for $\gl>\sqrt{2}-1$, and nearly matching upper and lower bounds for $\gl \leq \sqrt{2}-1$, extending work of Korshunov and Sapozhenko. These bounds allow us to read off some very specific information about the structure of an independent set drawn according to the hard-core distribution.We also derive a long-range influence result. For all fixed λ > 0, if I is chosen from the independent sets of Qd according to the hard-core distribution with parameter λ, conditioned on a particular v ∈ Ɛ being in I, then the probability that another vertex w is in I is o(1) for w ∈ but Ω(1) for w ∈ Ɛ.
Study of the Changes in Insoluble Polysaccharides during Pollen Development in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) by Microscopic Multispectral Imaging
Authors: Liu Shunan , Pan Lei , Wu Qiongshui , Hu Yaojun , Chen Xiaojun , Ding Yi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMultispectral analysis combined with the Periodic Acid-Schiff method was used to investigate cytological features of insoluble polysaccharides and changes in total insoluble polysaccharide content (TPC) during pollen development in rice, including four cytoplasmic male sterility lines (MSLs) and their corresponding fertility-maintaining lines (FMLs). The multispectral curves of the relative transmittance value (RTV) and the images of developing pollen cells were obtained across a range of successive wavelengths (400–720 nm). A minimum RTV was found near 550 nm indicating an absorption peak of the TPC. Thus, the TPC was measured using the RTV of 550 nm. In the four FMLs, the minimum TPC of developing pollen cells occurred at the late microspore stage, while the maximum TPC occurred at the mature pollen grain stage. The TPC levels of pollen cells were significantly higher in the four FMLs than in their corresponding MSLs during and after pollen abortion. Notably, a steep decrease of multispectral curves at 420 nm appeared before the occurrence of abortion, implying a marker associated with pollen abortion in rice. Our results will be helpful for exploring the changes in TPC during pollen ontogenesis in rice and provide a novel method for the study of bio-macromolecules.
Imaging, Core-Loss, and Low-Loss Electron-Energy-Loss Spectroscopy Mapping in Aberration-Corrected STEM
Authors: Lazar Sorin , Shao Yang , Gunawan Lina , Nechache Riad , Pignolet Alain , Botton Gianluigi A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHigh-angle annular dark-field and annular bright-field imaging experiments were carried out on an aberration-corrected transmission electron microscope. These techniques have been demonstrated on thin films of complex oxides Ba3.25La0.75Ti3O12 and on LaB6. The results show good agreement between theory and experiments, and for the case of LaB6 they demonstrate the detection of contrast from the B atoms in the annular bright-field images. Elemental mapping with electron-energy-loss spectroscopy has been used to deduce the distribution of Cr and Fe in a thin film of the complex oxide Bi2(Fe1/2Cr3/2)O6 at the unit cell level and the changes in the near-edge structure within the inequivalent regions in the crystalline unit cell. Energy-filtered images in the low-loss region of the energy-loss spectrum show contrast and resolution consistent with the modulation of the signals from elastic scattering. High-resolution contrast, mediated by phonon scattering, is observed for interband transitions. The limitations in terms of detection and signal are discussed.
Institutional Patterns in the New Democracies of Asia: Forms, Origins and Consequences
Authors: CROISSANT AUREL , SCHÄCHTER TERESA 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article analyzes the institutional patterns of eight young democracies in Asia. The analysis originates from Lijphart's majoritarian-consensus framework. It illustrates that neither Lijphart's two-dimensional democracy pattern, nor an alternative pattern exists in Asia. Instead, the review of possible causes for the lack of conformity between Lijphart's patterns of democracy and the reality of the situation in Asia support the criticism in existing research literature regarding some of Lijphart's main assumptions and major conclusions. Furthermore, Asian realities provide only partial support for Lijphart's advice that the consensus option is the more attractive option for countries that designed their first democratic constitutions.
Development Assistance, Strategic Interests, and the China Factor in Japan's Role in ASEAN Integration
Authors: YOSHIMATSU HIDETAKA , TRINIDAD DENNIS D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this article, we have examined how Japan has supported ASEAN's economic integration through ODA and other diplomatic measures, and showed how Japan's engagements in ASEAN economic integration evolved over time. In addressing these issues, we took into account the growing influence of China's ascent in Southeast Asia, and assumed that Japan's China policy of mixed ‘accommodation and balance’ became explicit in Japan's ASEAN policy. The pronouncement of support for ASEAN integration, disbursement of aid to the region, forging of bilateral and regional FTAs/EPAs with ASEAN, and its recent initiatives and proactive involvement in the Mekong regional development are indicative of Japan's reactive posture on China's growing influence in the region. Japanese diplomatic initiatives in ASEAN are intended, in part, to accommodate and balance China's increasing prominence in Southeast Asia. This explains the simultaneous existence of competitive and cooperative initiatives of the two countries with ASEAN.
Phylogeographic separation of marine and soil myxobacteria at high levels of classification
Authors: Jiang De-Ming , Kato Chiaki , Zhou Xiu-Wen , Wu Zhi-Hong , Sato Takako , Li Yue-Zhong 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Microorganisms are globally dispersed and are able to proliferate in any habitat that supports their lifestyles, which, however, has not yet been explored in any specific microbial taxon. The social myxobacteria are considered typical soil bacteria because they have been identified in various terrestrial samples, a few in coastal areas, but none in other oceanic environments. To explore the prevalence of marine myxobacteria and to investigate their phylogenetic relationships with their terrestrial counterparts, we established myxobacteria-enriched libraries of 16S rRNA gene sequences from four deep-sea sediments collected at depths from 853 to 4675 m and a hydrothermal vent at a depth of 204 m. In all, 68 different myxobacteria-related sequences were identified from randomly sequenced clones of the libraries of different samples. These myxobacterial sequences were diverse but phylogenetically similar at different locations and depths. However, they were separated from terrestrial myxobacteria at high levels of classification. This discovery indicates that the marine myxobacteria are phylogeographically separated from their terrestrial relatives, likely because of geographic separation and environment selection.
Communication Development and Differences in Children Adopted From China and Eastern Europe
Authors: Hwa-Froelich Deborah A. , Matsuo Hisako 
Published: July 2010

Purpose
The communication development of children adopted from China and Eastern Europe was compared by region of origin at 6 and 12 months after adoption.

Method
Twenty children, recruited before or immediately following their adoption, participated in the study. Measures were collected between 2 and 6 months after adoption (Time 1) and between 12 and 14 months after adoption (Time 2). The children’s ages ranged between 11–22 months and 22–34 months, respectively. Parent-reported vocabulary comprehension and expression and behavioral communication assessments were administered.

Results
No significant differences between region of origin were found at Time 1. At Time 2, significant group differences in expressive language performance were found, with children adopted from China and Eastern Europe demonstrating different patterns of English language development.

Conclusion
Early prelinguistic measures may provide prognostic indicators for later English language development. Children adopted from different countries where they are initially exposed to different birth languages may acquire English differently.
Quantitative diffusion tensor tractography of the motor and sensory tract in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: YOSHIDA SHOKO , HAYAKAWA KATSUMI , YAMAMOTO AKIRA , OKANO SOUZO , KANDA TOYOKO , YAMORI YURIKO , YOSHIDA NAOKO , HIROTA HARUYO 
Published: July 2010

Aim  The aim of this study was to compare the findings of quantitative diffusion tensor tractography of the motor and sensory tracts in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and typically developed comparison individuals, and also to evaluate the correlation with gross motor function.Method  Thirty‐four children with CP (mean age 2y 2.mo, SD 2y 0mo; 19 with spastic diplegia, eight with hemiplegia, six with spastic quadriplegia, and one with spastic triplegia) and 21 healthy comparison children (mean 2y 1.68mo, SD 2y 8.64mo) were evaluated. The distribution of Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels in the CP group was as follows: level I, 7; level II, 14; level III, 5; level IV, 3; and level V, 5. The following three diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters including tractography were evaluated for each tract (corticospinal tract [CST] and posterior thalamic radiation [PTR]): number of fibres, tract‐based fractional anisotropy, and region of interest (ROI)‐based fractional anisotropy. We compared each value between the two groups, and correlated each value with the GMFCS level.Results  The number of fibres and ROI‐based fractional anisotropy values of both tracts were significantly lower in children with CP than in the comparison group (p<0.05–0.001). Additionally, there was significant negative correlation between GMFCS level and motor–sensory parameters (p<0.001–0.05).Interpretation  DTI parameters of the CST and PTR in children with CP were significantly lower than in comparison children. In addition, these parameters were significantly correlated with GMFCS level.
Soils, geomorphology, landscape evolution, and land use in the Virginia Piedmont and Blue Ridge
Authors: Sherwood W. Cullen , Hartshorn Anthony S. , Eaton L. Scott 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The object of this field trip is to examine the geology, landforms, soils, and land use in the eastern Blue Ridge and western Piedmont geologic provinces in Orange County in central Virginia. A complex mix of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic bedrocks, ranging in age from Mesoproterozoic to Triassic (possibly some Jurassic) underlie the area. Soils are equally varied with a total of 62 series mapped in Orange County alone. The area being relatively stable tectonically, landforms generally reflect the resistance to weathering of the bedrock. Area landforms range from a low ridge over Catoctin greenstone to a gently rolling Triassic basin. Soils examined on the trip represent three orders: Ultisols, Alfisols, and Inceptisols. Residual soils clearly reflect the compositions of the parent rocks and saprolites are common. Map patterns of forested versus nonforested lands bear a striking resemblance to the distribution patterns of the different soil and bedrock types. Our work has shown that the vast majority of the land in central Virginia, even that forested today, shows evidence of past clearing and cultivation. However, the harsh demands of growing tobacco wore out the less fertile and more erodible soils by the mid-nineteenth century resulting in their abandonment and the subsequent regeneration of the vast tracts of hardwood forests we see today. Only the most productive soils remain in agriculture.
Stratigraphy, structure, and tectonics
Authors: Fichter Lynn S. , Whitmeyer Steven J. , Bailey Christopher M. , Burton William 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
This field guide covers a two-day east-to-west transect of the Blue Ridge and Valley and Ridge provinces of northwestern Virginia and eastern West Virginia, in the context of an integrated approach to teaching stratigraphy, structural analysis, and regional tectonics. Holistic, systems-based approaches to these topics incorporate both deductive (stratigraphic, structural, and tectonic theoretical models) and inductive (field observations and data collection) perspectives. Discussions of these pedagogic approaches are integral to this field trip.
Day 1 of the field trip focuses on Mesoproterozoic granitoid basement (associated with the Grenville orogeny) and overlying Neoproterozoic to Early Cambrian cover rocks (Iapetan rifting) of the greater Blue Ridge province. These units collectively form a basement-cored anticlinorium that was thrust over Paleozoic strata of the Valley and Ridge province during Alleghanian contractional tectonics. Day 2 traverses a foreland thrust belt that consists of Cambrian to Ordovician carbonates (Iapetan divergent continental margin), Middle to Upper Ordovician immature clastics (associated with the Taconic orogeny), Silurian to Lower Devonian quartz arenites and carbonates (inter-orogenic tectonic calm), and Upper Devonian to Lower Mississippian clastic rocks (associated with the Acadian orogeny). Alleghanian structural features include the Little North Mountain thrust, Cacapon Mountain anticlinorium, Broad Top synclinorium, and Wills Mountain anticlinorium. Within the road log of this field guide we include both planned and optional stops, so that readers can explore the pedagogic concepts discussed herein in more detail, if desired.
"Om Alle Menschen Wel Te Leren Sterven"
Authors: Lips E.J.G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe genre of the Ars moriendi is by no means a homogeneous one. Indeed, the great textual diversity has more than once attracted the attention. This diversity, caused by various omissions and, more often, extensions in the original text-types, is often considered as the decay of an originally orthodox theological genre. In this essay, manuscripts and printed versions of the Ars moriendi in the Dutch language ( ± 1450-1530) are studied. Instead of considering the omissions and extensions meant above as a decline of the genre, the author attempts to regard them, as the medieval writers may have done, as means to make the texts find their way to the public more easily. Various methods used by the authors of these Artes to reach their public, are examined and their presumable succes is evaluated. It seems that, whereas particularly the older literature assumes an almost infinite public, recent research does not confirm this point of view. For, in spite of explicit remarks addressed to all christians, commerce dictated to the printers a more or less wealthy public. As for the manuscripts, these seem mainly to have had a public of clergy and (female) religious communities. However, considering the existence of a public of listeners, both manuscripts and printed versions had, in an indirect way, their impact on the masses of the christians.
Christ Images in Contemporary Czech Film
Authors: Noble Ivana , Noble Tim 
Published: July 2010

An analysis of two important Czech films dealing, hesitantly, with Christological themes enables an engagement with contemporary Czech society. The two films,
Forgotten Light
and
Divided We Fall
occasion reflections on Christ's triple office of Priest, Prophet and King and the continuing power of the Christ story in popular Czech culture. This leads to an interpretation of the films and their messages, set against the backdrop of religious life in the Czech Republic as demonstrated in sociological research. Theologians can learn with the filmmakers how to address the new religiosity present in the society, post-ecclesial but not post-belief.
Every Foreign Land is Their Native Country, and Every Land of Birth is a Land of Strangers
Authors: van de Beek Abraham 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe author compares three models of the relation of church and state. The Hungarian king Stephen(± 1000 AD) pleads for a plural society with different cultural and ethnic traditions. Different religious traditions easily fit into this model. The model of the Roman Emperor Constantine (beginning of the 4th century) provides an intertwining of church and state. The unknown author of the epistle to Diognetus (± 200 AD) describes a church that is spread among the nations and does not identify itself with any one nation. The first and the last model are compatible while both exclude Constantine's. The difference with the modern idea of religious freedom is that this idea deals with individual believers while the model of Stephen and Diognetus speaks of a plurality of communities. That is a more solid base for human dignity because the community provides people a place to be at home.
A Shared Story for Reconciliation—Which Story? Conclusive Reflections
Authors: van de Beek Abraham 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn cases of severe conflicts, e.g. in South-Africa during the time of apartheid or in Indonesia during the war of Independence, people are deeply wounded. Both victims and perpetrators bear memories of the past as heavy burdens that close the future for them. They keep their stories silent in order to not be confronted with the past. Telling the story seems to open up the future, but, in the end, it turns out that victims and perpetrators cannot develop a shared story. Only death can deliver them from the past. Christian faith proclaims the death of human beings in the death of Christ. It opens a new future in the resurrection of a new being.
The Confession of Belhar 1986: A Guide for Justice, Reconciliation, and Unity
Authors: Koopman Nico 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper argues that the Confession of Belhar 1986 articulates the story of the Triune God's work of justice, reconciliation, and unity. That story redeems the human stories of injustice, alienation, and division in South Africa. It transforms us into people who make new stories of justice, reconciliation, and unity. The story of Belhar serves as a staff for justice, reconciliation, and unity. The cry for justice, reconciliation, and unity is first outlined (1). Thereafter, Belhar's understanding of justice as compassionate justice (2), reconciliation as the overcoming of alienation between humans and God, and as the overcoming of estrangement among human beings, and reconciliation as embrace (3), and unity as unity in proximity (4) is discussed. Last, an appeal is made for the continued confession and embodiment of justice, reconciliation, and unity in and through churches as spaces of hope (5).
Shared Stories for the Future? Theological Reflections on Truth and Reconciliation in South Africa
Authors: Smit Dirkie , Mouton Elna 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFor South Africa, both the 20th and 21st centuries began with facing a painful past while searching for a shared future: the experiences of the war (1899-1902) between the colonial British Empire and the two Boer Republics, and the legacy of official apartheid (1948-1990), respectively. According to many, these histories are deeply inter-related in that the sufferings which the Truth and Reconciliation Commission faced were partly caused by the inadequate handling of the sufferings of the war. From a Christian perspective, focusing on stories of women, the essay considers three such issues; namely, questions of truth and suffering, guilt and responsibility, and reconciliation and justice—while reflecting on the tension between forgiving and forgetting.
Sharing a Common Story for an Indonesian Context
Authors: Pakpahan Binsar 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPeople tend to forget their past hurt because it is too much pain to bear. Forgive and forget is a saying that is imposed on victims about their traumatic past. This saying is not entirely wrong, but before we get to that point, we need to remember our hurt in order to forgive. The remembrance of the past is, in fact, needed to be able to forgive and reconcile. This is not an easy thing to do, especially when the role of victim and perpetrator is not clearly defined. However, it is still a better option for achieving real forgiveness and reconciliation than forgetting.
Sharing the Story of the Cross in Western Culture
Authors: Roest Gert-Jan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCommunicating the story of the cross in Western culture should consider modern rationalism, the ideal of authenticity, secular eschatology, and the pressures to privatize faith. Western culture offers a positive challenge to the penal-substitutionary view of the atonement, which is in danger of responding poorly to these challenges. But even when our view of the atonement takes these positive challenges into account, there is still an urgent need to expose illusions in the thinking of people influenced by Western culture. Only in this way can the beautiful and strange story of the cross truly be heard.
Strangers in the Light: The Challenges of Being a (Christian) Minority in an Islamic Context
Authors: Reitsma Bernhard 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this article, the author describes how Christians tend to respond to the fear of becoming a minority (dhimmis) in the context of Islam. It seems that there are only two options—fight (if necessary with weapons) or flight (literally or mentally). Several questions can be raised about either approach and neither guarantees survival. The question is whether an alternative approach can be outlined. The author takes his starting point for such an approach in the strength of the Christian community, and he describes a number of characteristics of such a community.
Church, Sacrament, and Society: Abraham Kuyper's Early Baptismal Theology, 1859-1874
Authors: Wood John Halsey 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article considers the development of Abraham Kuyper's theology of baptism during his early life, from 1859 as a theology student at Leiden University through 1874, the conclusion of his pastoral career in the Netherlands Reformed Church. After initially rejecting the institutional church, Kuyper began to develop a theology for a free church in order to bring Calvinism into rapport with modern times. This paper argues that Kuyper's theology of baptism developed as part of this vision of a modern Calvinist church, one that was both a voluntary institution and an objective, divinely sanctioned institution. The fluctuations of Kuyper's early baptismal theology reflect the tensions of this proposal for a modern church, but by the end or his pastoral career Kuyper had settled on the primacy of the institutional church in baptism.