bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Susceptibility to Ventricular Fibrillation
Authors: Billman George E. , Carnes Cynthia A. , Adamson Philip B. , Vanoli Emilio , Schwartz Peter J. 
Published: February 2012

Background—
Recent clinical studies that evaluated the effects of supplemental omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) on sudden cardiac death have yielded conflicting results. Our aim was to clarify this issue using an established and clinical relevant canine model of sudden cardiac death.

Methods and Results—

Susceptibility to ventricular fibrillation (VF) was evaluated using a 2-minute left circumflex artery occlusion during the last minute of an exercise test in 76 dogs (from 2 independent studies) with healed myocardial infarctions (MI); 44 developed VF (susceptible, VF+), whereas 32 did not (resistant, VF–). These dogs were then randomly assigned to either placebo (1 g/d, corn oil; 15 VF+, 11 VF–) or n-3 PUFA (1–4 g/d, docosahexaenoic acid+eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl esters, 29 VF+, 21 VF–) groups. Seven sham (no-MI) dogs were also treated with n-3 PUFA (4 g/d). After treatment (3 months), the exercise+ischemia test was repeated. Dietary n-3 PUFAs produced significant (
P
<0.01) increases in red blood cell and left ventricular n-3 PUFA levels. Nine post-MI (5 placebo versus 4 n-3 PUFA) and 2 sham dogs died suddenly during the 3-month treatment period. The n-3 PUFA treatment failed to prevent arrhythmias in VF+ dogs (decreased in 27% placebo versus 24% n-3 PUFA,
P
=0.5646) but induced VT/VF in VF– animals (n-3 PUFA 33% versus placebo 0%,
P
=0.0442).

Conclusions—
Despite large increases in cardiac tissue n-3 PUFA content, dietary n-3 PUFAs did not prevent ischemiainduced VF and actually increased arrhythmia susceptibility in both noninfarcted and low-risk post-MI dogs.
In Vivo Assessment of Ergonovine-Induced Coronary Artery Spasm by 64-Slice Multislice Computed Tomography
Authors: Ito Tsuyoshi , Terashima Mitsuyasu , Kaneda Hideaki , Nasu Kenya , Ehara Mariko , Kinoshita Yoshihisa , Ito Tatsuya , Kimura Masashi , Tanaka Nobuyoshi , Habara Maoto , Tsuchikane Etsuo , Suzuki Takahiko 
Published: February 2012

Background—
The potential of multislice CT (MSCT) to predict coronary spasm has not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the morphological features observed on MSCT at the site of ergonovine-induced epicardial spasm could be used as diagnostic criteria for coronary spasm.

Methods and Results—

A total of 296 plaques in 199 patients with clinically suspected coronary spastic angina without coronary stenosis (<75%) who underwent invasive angiography with intravenous ergonovine provocative testing were analyzed by MSCT. Calcification, CT attenuation, and patterns of vascular remodeling were evaluated in each plaque by MSCT. Plaques were divided into spasm group or nonspasm group based on the results of the ergonovine provocative test. On a per-plaque basis, noncalcified plaques were more frequently observed in the spasm group (96% versus 20%,
P
<0.01). Intermediate attenuation plaques (CT density ≥53.8 Hounsfield units identified by receiver operating characteristic analysis) were more common in the spasm group (93% versus 28%,
P
<0.01), as was negative remodeling (67% versus 11%,
P
<0.01). Multivariable analysis revealed noncalcified (odds ratio [OR], 48.7; 95% CI, 8.81–269;
P
<0.01), intermediate attenuation (OR, 19.3; 95% CI, 4.96–75.4;
P
<0.01); negative remodeling (OR, 8.83; 95% CI, 2.87–27.2;
P
<0.01); and male sex (OR, 4.55; 95% CI, 1.24–16.6;
P
=0.02) as predictors of the plaque associated with coronary spasm.

Conclusions—
MSCT can detect differences in individual plaque composition and morphology among atherosclerotic plaques without significant luminal narrowing in areas of inducible vasospasm compared to areas without vasospasm.
The Role of Bolus Delay and Dispersion in Predictor Models for Stroke
Authors: Willats Lisa , Connelly Alan , Christensen Soren , Donnan Geoffrey A. , Davis Stephen M. , Calamante Fernando 
Published: February 2012

Background and Purpose—
In combination with diffusion-weighted imaging, perfusion-weighted imaging parameters are hypothesized to detect tissue at risk of infarction in patients with acute stroke. Recent studies have suggested that in addition to perfusion deficits, vascular flow parameters indicating bolus delay and/or dispersion may also contain important predictive information. This work investigates the infarct risk associated with delay/dispersion using multiparametric predictor models.

Methods—
Predictor models were developed using specific combinations of perfusion parameters calculated using global arterial input function deconvolution (where perfusion is biased by dispersion), local arterial input function deconvolution (where perfusion has minimal dispersion bias), and parameters approximating bolus delay/dispersion. We also compare predictor models formed using summary parameters (which primarily reflect delay/dispersion). The models were trained on 15 patients with acute stroke imaged at 3 to 6 hours.

Results—
The global arterial input function models performed significantly better than their local arterial input function counterparts. Furthermore, in a paired comparison, the models including the delay/dispersion parameter performed significantly better than those without. There was no significant difference between the best deconvolution model and the best summary parameter model.

Conclusions—
Delay and dispersion information is important to achieve accurate infarct prediction in the acute time window.
Considerable Model–Data Mismatch in Temperature over China during the Mid-Holocene: Results of PMIP Simulations
Authors: Jiang Dabang , Lang Xianmei , Tian Zhiping , Wang Tao 
Published: February 2012

AbstractUsing the experiments undertaken by 36 climate models participating in the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP), this study examines annual and seasonal surface temperatures over China during the mid-Holocene. Compared to the present or preindustrial climate, 35 out of the 36 PMIP models reproduced colder-than-baseline annual temperature, with an average cooling of 0.4 K, during that period. Seasonal temperature change followed closely the change in incoming solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere over China during the mid-Holocene. Temperature was reduced (elevated) in boreal winter and spring (summer) in all of the PMIP models, with an average of 1.4 K (1.0 K) at the national scale. Colder (warmer)-than-baseline temperatures were derived from 14 of the 16 atmosphere-only (18 of the 20 coupled) models during the mid-Holocene boreal autumn. Interactive ocean was found to lead to a warming effect on annual (0.3 K), boreal winter (0.5 K), and boreal autumn (0.7 K) temperatures, with reference to the atmosphere-only models. Interactive vegetation had little impact in terms of six pairs of coupled models with and without vegetation effects. The above results are in stark contrast to warmer-than-present annual and winter climate conditions as derived from multiproxy data for the mid-Holocene. Coupled models generally perform better than atmosphere-only models.
Variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in CCSM4
Authors: Danabasoglu Gokhan , Yeager Steve G. , Kwon Young-Oh , Tribbia Joseph J. , Phillips Adam S. , Hurrell James W. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) variability is documented in the Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4) preindustrial control simulation that uses nominal 1° horizontal resolution in all its components. AMOC shows a broad spectrum of low-frequency variability covering the 50–200-yr range, contrasting sharply with the multidecadal variability seen in the T85 × 1 resolution CCSM3 present-day control simulation. Furthermore, the amplitude of variability is much reduced in CCSM4 compared to that of CCSM3. Similarities as well as differences in AMOC variability mechanisms between CCSM3 and CCSM4 are discussed. As in CCSM3, the CCSM4 AMOC variability is primarily driven by the positive density anomalies at the Labrador Sea (LS) deep-water formation site, peaking 2 yr prior to an AMOC maximum. All processes, including parameterized mesoscale and submesoscale eddies, play a role in the creation of salinity anomalies that dominate these density anomalies. High Nordic Sea densities do not necessarily lead to increased overflow transports because the overflow physics is governed by source and interior region density differences. Increased overflow transports do not lead to a higher AMOC either but instead appear to be a precursor to lower AMOC transports through enhanced stratification in LS. This has important implications for decadal prediction studies. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is significantly correlated with the positive boundary layer depth and density anomalies prior to an AMOC maximum. This suggests a role for NAO through setting the surface flux anomalies in LS and affecting the subpolar gyre circulation strength.
Evaluating Primary Marine Aerosol Production and Atmospheric Roll Structures in Hawaii’s Natural Oceanic Wind Tunnel*
Authors: Kapustin Vladimir N. , Clarke Antony D. , Howell Steven G. , McNaughton Cameron S. , Brekhovskikh Vera L. , Zhou Jingchuan 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Topography-induced steady-state accelerated wind flow in the Alenuihaha Channel between the islands of Hawaii and Maui provides about 100 km of fetch with winds that can nearly double over trade wind speed. Here ship- and aircraft-based observations of meteorological parameters and aerosols in Hawaii’s orographic natural “wind tunnel” are used for the study of sea salt aerosol (SSA) production, evolution, and related optical effects under clean oceanic conditions. There are certain advantages of channel measurements, such as a broad and uniform upstream area usually filled with background aerosol, stationary flow, and known fetch, but also some difficulties, like vigorous entrainment and persistent presence of organized structures (rolls). It is found that marine boundary layer (MBL) rolls are a common occurrence near the Hawaiian Islands even when cloud streets are not visible in satellite imagery. The presence of rolls tends to enhance the variability of ambient aerosol concentration and probably affects production of primary sea salt aerosol and entrainment from above. The possibility of channel measurements of the size-dependent flux of SSA is explored using a concentration buildup method as surface wind speeds range from 7 to 11 m s−1. Production of SSA particles with dry diameter as small as 0.18 μm was observed. General agreement with reported SSA fluxes was found.
Climate Change, Justice, and Adaptation among African American Communities in the Chesapeake Bay Region
Authors: Paolisso Michael , Douglas Ellen , Enrici Ashley , Kirshen Paul , Watson Chris , Ruth Matthias 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
In this paper, the authors present results from a study of climate change and community adaptation, focusing on two African American communities on the Eastern Shore of the Chesapeake Bay. These two communities are representative of small, resource-poor communities that are particularly prone to increased flooding, storms, and erosion accompanying climate change. The authors frame their research within a focus on distributive and procedural justice, including considerations of the role of adaptation capacity and vulnerability. They use methods from cognitive–environmental anthropology and psychometrics to ground a participatory and multidisciplinary approach that emphasizes community participation and the sharing of scientific and program information on climate change and adaptation. Their results suggest that community members have a holistic understanding of climate change, recognize a wide range of potential community and individual impacts, face specific vulnerabilities, and are organized through their churches to engage in efforts to reduce the impacts of increased flooding and storms on their communities.
Cost Considerations in the Treatment of Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Moore Eric J. , Hinni Michael L. , Olsen Kerry D. , Price Daniel L. , Laborde Rebecca R. , Inman Jared C. 
Published: February 2012

ObjectivesTo determine the cost of treatment of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OP SCCA) with transoral surgery with concomitant neck dissection (TOS), TOS with adjuvant radiation therapy (TOS + RT), TOS with adjuvant chemoradiation therapy (TOS + CRT), and primary chemoradiation therapy (CRT).Study DesignCase series.SettingTwo tertiary care teaching hospitals.Subjects and MethodsUsing the databases of 2 teaching hospitals, patients were identified who had OP SCCA treated with TOS, TOS + RT, TOS + CRT, and primary CRT in 2009 to 2010. Costs were analyzed from an institutional perspective looking at reimbursement. Patients with government payers and patients with private payers in each group were identified, and net revenue data obtained for the 3‐month period from diagnosis were calculated and averaged for each group. Cost was defined as the reimbursement for all charges surrounding the 3‐month episode of treatment. All revenue associated with inpatient and outpatient care, including pharmacy charges, was included.ResultsThe mean cost of TOS (private payers/government payers) was $37,435/$15,664 (range, $22,486‐$48,746/$13,325‐$16,885). The mean cost of TOS + RT (private payers/government payers) was $74,484/$34,343 (range, $72,400‐$84,825/$31,565‐$40,810). The mean cost of TOS + CRT (private payers/government payers) was $191,780/$53,245 (range, $145,450‐$217,220/$49,400‐$58,325). The mean cost of CRT (private payers/government payers) was $198,285/$57,429 (range, $168,216‐$298,945/$52,900‐$59,545).ConclusionAn algorithm of transoral surgical treatment of OP SCCA with adjuvant treatment as indicated by pathology is more cost conscious than an algorithm of treatment of all OP SCCA with CRT.
Angiolipoma of the Breast in a Male
Authors: Noel Jean-Christophe , Van Geertruyden Jean , Engohan-Aloghe Corinne 
Published: February 2012

Objective: Angiolipoma is an unusual variant of lipoma involving subcutaneous tissues on trunk and extremities. This tumor is rarely described in the breast and particularly in breast male. Case report: We report here the case of angiolipoma of the breast in a 55-year-old man complained of tenderness in the left breast. Ultrasonography showed a homogenously, well circumscribed, hyperechoic mass in the internal quadran of breast. The surgically resected tumor showed mature fat cells separated by proliferating branched vessels and intravascular hyaline thrombi. Conclusion: The existence of angiolipoma of the breast in the male must not to be forgotten because this tumor may be confused clinically, radiologically and pathologically with a malignant tumor.
Composing Our Lives—As Women and As Leaders
Authors: Hertneky Robbie P. 
Published: February 2012

The Problem. Career paths have traditionally been seen as linear progressions, discrete steps along a well-traveled avenue, and leadership development articulated as a list of winning skills and behaviors. Alternate models are needed, in particular those relevant to the career and leadership development of women. The Solution. This article looks at women’s career paths and development as leaders through the lens of Bateson’s (1989) concept of composing a life. Drawing on the findings of research on the leadership self-identity of women college presidents, a new perspective of composing a career and a leadership identity is offered. The Stakeholders. With implications for career planning and leadership education, this research may be useful for human resource development (HRD) professionals, leadership development and career consultants, and educators—faculty, student advisors, and administrators. It may also be informative, supportive, and inspiring to women in higher education, wherever they stand in their careers.
Mentoring Experiences of High-Achieving Women
Authors: Tolar Mary Hale 
Published: February 2012

The Problem. Organizations in all sectors invest resources in mentoring programs to attract, develop, and retain employees. Colleges and universities do so to retain students, staff, and faculty, often with the explicit aspiration of achieving a diverse, quality learning, and working environment. Mentoring is expected to be a positive influence in one’s development. Yet high-achieving women in this qualitative study describe the presence of mentors as both a help and a hindrance and the absence of mentors as both benefit and deficit. The Solution. Reflections shared by women in this collective case study contribute to the discussion of the benefits and challenges of mentoring relationships. Findings suggest modifications and alternatives to traditional, formal mentoring programs will benefit a broader range of high-achieving women. The Stakeholders. This study’s findings concern practitioners and scholars in human resource development, higher education administration, and leadership development, along with the women mentoring programs intend to serve.
Design of the Value of Imaging in Enhancing the Wellness of Your Heart (VIEW) trial and the impact of uncertainty on power
Authors: Ambrosius Walter T , Polonsky Tamar S , Greenland Philip , Goff David C , Perdue Letitia H , Fortmann Stephen P , Margolis Karen L , Pajewski Nicholas M 
Published: February 2012

Background Although observational evidence has suggested that the measurement of coronary artery calcium (CAC) may improve risk stratification for cardiovascular events and thus help guide the use of lipid-lowering therapy, this contention has not been evaluated within the context of a randomized trial. The Value of Imaging in Enhancing the Wellness of Your Heart (VIEW) trial is proposed as a randomized study in participants at low intermediate risk of future coronary heart disease (CHD) events to evaluate whether CAC testing leads to improved patient outcomes. Purpose To describe the challenges encountered in designing a prototypical screening trial and to examine the impact of uncertainty on power. Methods The VIEW trial was designed as an effectiveness clinical trial to examine the benefit of CAC testing to guide therapy on a primary outcome consisting of a composite of nonfatal myocardial infarction, probable or definite angina with revascularization, resuscitated cardiac arrest, nonfatal stroke (not transient ischemic attack (TIA)), CHD death, stroke death, other atherosclerotic death, or other cardiovascular disease (CVD) death. Many critical choices were faced in designing the trial, including (1) the choice of primary outcome, (2) the choice of therapy, (3) the target population with corresponding ethical issues, (4) specifications of assumptions for sample size calculations, and (5) impact of uncertainty in these assumptions on power/sample size determination. Results We have proposed a sample size of 30,000 (800 events), which provides 92.7% power. Alternatively, sample sizes of 20,228 (539 events), 23,138 (617 events), and 27,078 (722 events) provide 80%, 85%, and 90% power. We have also allowed for uncertainty in our assumptions by computing average power integrated over specified prior distributions. This relaxation of specificity indicates a reduction in power, dropping to 89.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 89.8–89.9) for a sample size of 30,000. Samples sizes of 20,228, 23,138, and 27,078 provide power of 78.0% (77.9–78.0), 82.5% (82.5–82.6), and 87.2% (87.2–87.3), respectively. Limitations These power estimates are dependent on form and parameters of the prior distributions. Conclusions Despite the pressing need for a randomized trial to evaluate the utility of CAC testing, conduct of such a trial requires recruiting a large patient population, making efficiency of critical importance. The large sample size is primarily due to targeting a study population at relatively low risk of a CVD event. Our calculations also illustrate the importance of formally considering uncertainty in power calculations of large trials as standard power calculations may tend to overestimate power.
Association between polymorphisms in XRCC1 gene and clinical outcomes of patients with lung cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors: Cui Zhigang , Yin Zhihua , Li Xuelian , Wu Wei , Guan Peng , Zhou Baosen 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundX-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) protein plays an important role in the repair of DNA damage and adducts. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) ofXRCC1are suspected to have some relationship with response to chemotherapy and overall survival of lung cancer. This meta-analysis aimed to summarize published data on the association between the commonest SNPs ofXRCC1(Arg194Trp, C > T, rs1799782 and Arg399Gln, G > A, rs25487) and clinical outcome of lung cancer patients.MethodsWe retrieved the relevant articles from PubMed, EMBASE and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. Studies were selected using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Primary outcomes included objective response (i.e., complete response + partial response vs. progressive disease + stable disease) and overall survival (OS). Odds ratio (OR) or hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated. All analyses were performed using the Stata software.ResultsTwenty-two articles were included in the present analysis.XRCC1Arg194Trp and Arg399Gln polymorphisms were significantly associated with response to treatment in lung cancer patients. Patients with C/T genotype, T/T genotype and minor variant T allele at Arg194Trp were more likely to respond to platinum-based chemotherapy compared with those with C/C genotype (C/T vs. C/C: OR, 2.54; 95%CI, 1.95-3.31; T/T vs. C/C: OR, 2.06; 95%CI, 1.39-3.06; C/T+T/T vs. C/C: OR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.88-3.10). ForXRCC1Arg399Gln, G/A genotype, A/A genotype and minor variant A allele were associated with objective response in all patients (G/A vs. G/G: OR, 0.67; 95%CI, 0.50-0.90; A/A vs. G/G: OR, 0.43; 95%CI, 0.25-0.73; A/A+G/A vs. G/G: OR, 0.63; 95%CI, 0.49-0.83). Both G/A and A/A genotypes ofXRCC1Arg399Gln could influence overall survival of lung cancer patients (G/A vs. G/G: HR, 1.23; 95%CI, 1.06-1.44; A/A vs. G/G: HR, 2.03; 95%CI, 1.20-3.45). Interaction analysis suggested that compared with the patients carrying C/T+T/T genotype atXRCC1194 and G/G genotype atXRCC1399, the patients carrying 194 C/C and 399 G/A+A/A or 194 C/C and 399 G/G genotype showed much worse objective response.ConclusionsGenetic polymorphisms inXRCC1gene might be associated with overall survival and response to platinum-based chemotherapy in lung cancer patients.