bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of radio- and histomorphological pattern of pulmonary adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lederlin Mathieu , Puderbach Michael , Muley Thomas , Schnabel Philipp A. , Stenzinger Albrecht , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich , Heussel Claus Peter , Herth Felix J. F. , Hoffmann Hans , Dienemann Hendrik , Weichert Wilko , Warth Arne 
Published: July 2012

Recently, a novel classification system based on tumour architecture and with high prognostic impact has been proposed for pulmonary adenocarcinomas (ADCs). For imaging-based prediction of histological ADC subtypes and, thus, prognosis, it is of paramount importance to investigate the correlations of radio- and histomorphological parameters.Associations between histomorphological ADC growth patterns (lepidic, acinar, papillary, micropapillary and solid) and data from pre-operative assessment by computed tomography (CT) imaging of 174 resected pulmonary ADCs were analysed.Margin configuration as well as solidity/ground glass opacity of an ADC was associated with distinct histomorphological ADC growth patterns. Solid-predominant ADCs usually had smooth margins and were also solid in CT scans, while lepidic-predominant ADCs had no predominant margin pattern, were located in the periphery, showed a positive bronchogram and were frequently associated with solidity/ground glass opacity. In addition, nonspherical tumour growth was a negative predictor of overall and disease-specific patient survival.We defined CT morphological parameters that were associated with histomorphological growth patterns of pulmonary ADCs. These data may form the basis for the development of future prognostic algorithms in the palliative setting, which include an integrated evaluation of biopsy histomorphology and CT scan morphology of nonresectable pulmonary ADC.
Thyroid hormone is highly permissive in angioproliferative pulmonary hypertension in rats
Authors: Al Husseini Aysar , Bagnato Gianluca , Farkas Laszlo , Gomez-Arroyo Jose , Farkas Daniela , Mizuno Shiro , Kraskauskas Donatas , Abbate Antonio , Van Tassel Benjamin , Voelkel Norbert F. , Bogaard Harm Jan 
Published: July 2012

Epidemiological evidence links pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) with thyroid disease, but a mechanistic explanation for this association is lacking.Because a central hallmark of vascular remodelling in pulmonary hypertension is lumen obliteration by endothelial cell growth and because thyroid hormones are known to be angiogenic, we hypothesised that thyroid hormones play a role in the control of endothelial cell proliferation in experimental PAH in rats.Hypothyroidism was induced by subtotal thyroidectomy and treatment with propylthiouracil (PTU) in rats with experimental PAH after combined exposure to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibition and hypoxia (the Sugen-chronic hypoxia (SuHx) model). Subtotal thyroidectomy prevented and PTU treatment reversed the development of severe experimental PAH. Thyroxin repletion restored the PAH phenotype in thyroidectomised SuHx rats. The prevention of PAH by thyroidectomy was associated with a reduced rate of cell turnover, reduced extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 phosphorylation, and reduced expression of αvβ3integrin, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 and FGF receptor. Thyroidectomy mitigated hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension, but this effect was not associated with a decreased pulmonary vascular resistance.These data suggest that thyroid hormone permits endothelial cell proliferation in PAH. A causal link between thyroid diseases and the onset or progression of vascular remodelling in PAH patients remains to be determined.
Perception of evidence-based practice and the professional environment of Primary Health Care nurses in the Spanish context: a cross-sectional study
Authors: González-Torrente Susana , Pericas-Beltrán Jordi , Bennasar-Veny Miguel , Adrover-Barceló Rosa , Morales-Asencio José M , De Pedro-Gómez Joan 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe study of the factors that encourage evidence-based clinical practice, such as structure, environment and professional skills, has contributed to an improvement in quality of care. Nevertheless, most of this research has been carried out in a hospital context, neglecting the area of primary health care. The main aim of this work was to assess the factors that influence an evidence-based clinical practice among nursing professionals in Primary Health Care.MethodsA multicentre cross-sectional study was designed, taking the 619 Primary Care staff nurses at the Balearic Islands’ Primary Health Care Service, as the study population. The methodology applied consisted on a self-administered survey using the instrumentsEvidence-Based Practice Questionnaire (EBPQ)andNursing Work Index (NWI).ResultsThree hundred and seventy seven surveys were received (60.9% response rate). Self-assessment of skills and knowledge, obtained 66.6% of the maximum score. TheKnowledge/Skillsfactor obtained the best scores among the staff with shorter professional experience. There was a significant difference in theAttitudefactor (p = 0.008) in favour of nurses with management functions, as opposed to clinical nurses.Multivariate analysis showed a significant positive relationship between NWI and level of evidence-based practice (p < 0,0001).ConclusionsInstitutions ought to undertake serious reflection on the lack of skills of senior nurses about Evidence-Based Clinical Practice, even when they have more professional experience. Leadership emerge as a key role in the transferral of knowledge into clinical practice.
Role of galactomannan determinations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from critically ill patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: a prospective study
Authors: He Hangyong , Ding Lin , Sun Bing , Li Fang , Zhan Qingyuan 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Critically ill chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are at particular risk of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). Our aims were to determine whether bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) galactomannan (GM) has a higher sensitivity and specificity than serum GM or lower respiratory tract (LRT) sample culture. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate what the optimal cut-off value would be for BALF GM.

Methods
In this prospective single-center study, BALF and serum samples were collected from critically ill COPD patients on the first day of their intensive care unit admission.

Results
Of 50 critically ill COPD patients admitted, BALF and serum samples were collected in 34 patients. According to the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve, an optical density (OD) ratio of 0.8 was chosen as the cut-off value for GM in BALF. Compared to serum GM and LRT Aspergillus isolation, BALF GM yield a better sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 88.9%, 100%, 100% and 94.4%, respectively. Areas under the ROC curve were 0.912 (95%CI, 0.733 to 0.985) for BALF GM, and 0.879 (95%CI, 0.691 to 0.972) for serum GM results from the first day of ICU admission. Pairwise comparison of ROC curves showed P = 0.738. The OD ratio of BALF GM in IPA patients were significantly higher than those of non-IPA patients (2.88 ± 2.09 versus 0.49 ± 0.19, P = 0.009), and the OD ratio of BALF GM was significantly higher than serum GM in IPA patients (2.88 ± 2.09 versus 0.87 ± 0.47, P = 0.023). Positive BALF GM was seen earlier than LRT secretion culture (1 day versus 3.8 days).

Conclusions
Compared to serum GM and LRT Aspergillus isolation, BALF GM seems to have a better sensitivity in the diagnosis of IPA in critically ill COPD patients. The ROC curve suggests a possible cut-off value of 0.8 for GM from BALF specimens in critically ill COPD patients.
Role of current perceived needs in explaining the association
between past trauma exposure and distress in humanitarian settings in Jordan
and Nepal
Authors: Jordans Mark J. D. , Semrau Maya , Thornicroft Graham , van Ommeren Mark 
Published: July 2012

BackgroundAttention is increasingly shifting towards the role of daily stressors in
explaining mental health outcomes in humanitarian emergencies.AimsTo assess the role of current perceived needs in explaining the
association between past traumatic exposure and distress in humanitarian
settings.MethodA series of mediator analyses were conducted, using data from Jordan
(displaced Iraqi people) and Nepal (Bhutanese refugees). The General
Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), the newly developed Humanitarian Emergency
Settings Perceived Needs Scale (HESPER) and the traumatic events list of
the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) were used as
measures of distress, current perceived needs and past traumatic events
respectively.ResultsCurrent perceived needs were found to mediate the association between
past traumatic exposure and distress in Jordan and, less strongly, in
Nepal.ConclusionsAn integrated approach that includes a focus on daily stressors should be
adopted to mitigate the impact of traumatic exposure in humanitarian
settings.
Interaction between the BDNF gene Val/66/Met
polymorphism and morning cortisol levels as a predictor of depression in
adult women
Authors: Herbert J. , Ban M. , Brown G. W. , Harris T. O. , Ogilvie A. , Uher R. , Craig T. K. J. 
Published: July 2012

BackgroundCommon genetic variants, such as the brain-derived neurotrophic factor
(BDNF) Val/66/Met polymorphism (rs6265), are known to interact with
environmental factors such as early adversity to increase the risk of
subsequent major depression. Much less is known about how they interact
with individual differences in cortisol, although these also represent a
risk for major depression.AimsTo determine whether this BDNF variant moderated the risk represented by
higher levels of morning salivary cortisol in adult women.MethodWe recruited 279 premenopausal women who were at high risk of major
depressive disorder because of either negative self-evaluation,
unsupportive core relationship or chronic subclinical symptoms of
depression or anxiety. Morning salivary cortisol was measured daily for
up to 10 days at entry. Participants were followed up for about 12 months
by telephone calls at 3–4 monthly intervals. Major depression and severe
life events were assessed through interviews at baseline and follow-up;
DNA was obtained from the saliva.ResultsThere were 53 onsets (19%) of depressive episodes during follow-up. There
was a significant U-shaped relationship between adjusted morning cortisol
levels at baseline and the probability of depression onset during
follow-up. In total, 51% experienced at least one severe life
event/difficulty, and this strongly predicted subsequent onsets of
depressive episodes. The BDNF Val/66/Met genotype was
not directly associated with onsets of depression or with cortisol
levels, but there was significant interaction between Val/66/Met and
cortisol: the association between baseline cortisol and depression was
limited to those with the Val/66/Val variant. There was no interaction
between life events and either this BDNF polymorphism or cortisol
levels.ConclusionsMorning salivary cortisol interacts with the BDNF Val/66/Met polymorphism
in predicting new depressive episodes. This paper adds to the evidence
that single gene polymorphisms interact with endogenous factors to
predict depression.
Supramolecular Structures of Inclusion Complexes of Cyclic Porphyrin Dimers and [6,6]-Phenyl-C61-Butyric Acid Methyl Ester (PCBM)
Authors: Nobukuni Hirofumi , Kamimura Takuya , Uno Hidemitsu , Shimazaki Yuichi , Naruta Yoshinori , Tani Fumito 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Cyclic nickel and free-base porphyrin dimers (Ni2-CPDPy and H4-CPDPy) include [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) both in solution and in the crystals. In the crystal packing of the inclusion complex of Ni2-CPDPy and PCBM, a nanotubular structure is constructed through the self-assembly of the porphyrin moiety. The PCBM molecules are linearly arranged in the inner channel of the nanotube to give a supramolecular peapod. On the other hand, in the crystal of the inclusion complex of H4-CPDPy and PCBM, a dimeric structure of the PCBM molecules is formed through π–π interaction between their phenyl groups.
Stable Vapor-phase Catalytic Conversion of Pinacolone into 2,3-Dimethyl-1,3-butadiene
Authors: Sato Satoshi , Sato Natsumi , Yamada Yasuhiro 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
In the vapor-phase synthesis of 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene from pinacolone over modified alumina catalysts, it was found that alumina modified with transition metals such as Co stabilized the conversion of pinacolone and produced 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene selectively under hydrogen flow conditions, whereas the catalytic activity of pure alumina was seriously deteriorated irrespective of its high initial activity.
An Experimental Campaign on the Long-Term Properties of Self Compacting Concrete
Authors: Mazzotti Claudio , Savoia Marco 
Published: July 2012

In the present paper, the results of an experimental campaign concerning the long-term properties of self-compacting concrete are presented. Five mixes of SCC and one mix of CVC have been employed, with different compressive strength covering the range of application from cast-in-place to prestressed structures. For each mix, compressive strength, elastic modulus and shrinkage evolution with time have been monitored. Creep tests have also been performed at different stress levels and at two ages at loading (7 and 28 days). The influence of concrete strength, stress level have been observed, together with the role played by the mix parameters. The Poisson' ratio evolution with time has been also observed; the role played by the application of long term loads and by different curing conditions on the concrete residual strength has been also investigated. Finally, experimental data both in terms of shrinkage and creep are compared with international code provisions.
Multi-Stage Performance of Seismically Isolated Bridge Using Triple Pendulum Bearings
Authors: Malekzadeh Masoud , Taghikhany Touraj 
Published: July 2012

Triple pendulum isolator (TPI) represent a new generation of adaptive friction isolation system to control super-structure demand in different hazard levels. This isolator incorporates four concave surfaces and three independent pendulum mechanisms. Pendulum stages can be set to address specific response criteria for moderate, severe and very severe events. Herein after mathematical formulation of typical elevated highway bridge using TPI, series of nonlinear dynamic analysis were performed with different friction coefficients, pendulum radius and slider displacement capacities. Effects of variation of these parameters were investigated on key bridge demand parameters under multi hazard level excitations by using probabilistic description.
Hierarchies and the Survival of Prisoners of War During World War II
Authors: Holderness Clifford G. , Pontiff Jeffrey 
Published: July 2012

Using a comprehensive database of American prisoners of war during World War II, we find that survival from captivity generally declines as the hierarchy of a prisoner's group becomes steeper or more closely matches the military's established hierarchy. There is no evidence that survival is enhanced by being held in more hierarchical groups. One interpretation of these findings that is consistent with survivors' accounts is that the military's hierarchy was too inflexible to adapt from the battlefield to captivity and this inflexibility impeded trading among the prisoners.This paper was accepted by Brad Barber, finance.
Hathor im Pflanzendickicht: Zum Menit des libyschen Großfürsten Ker. (Ägyptisches Museum Berlin Inv. 8939)
Authors: Moje Jan 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Publication and socio-cultural analysis of a faience menit belonging to the Libyan Great Chief of the Libu and Meshwesh, Ker, from the Western Delta.
A Maximum-Likelihood Method to Correct for Allelic Dropout in Microsatellite Data with No Replicate Genotypes
Authors: Wang Chaolong , Schroeder Kari B , Rosenberg Noah A 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Allelic dropout is a commonly observed source of missing data in microsatellite genotypes, in which one or both allelic copies at a locus fail to be amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. Especially for samples with poor DNA quality, this problem causes a downward bias in estimates of observed heterozygosity and an upward bias in estimates of inbreeding, owing to mistaken classifications of heterozygotes as homozygotes when one of the two copies drops out. One general approach for avoiding allelic dropout involves repeated genotyping of homozygous loci to minimize the effects of experimental error. Existing computational alternatives often require replicate genotyping as well. These approaches, however, are costly and are suitable only when enough DNA is available for repeated genotyping. In this study, we propose a maximum-likelihood approach together with an expectation-maximization algorithm to jointly estimate allelic dropout rates and allele frequencies when only one set of nonreplicated genotypes is available. Our method considers estimates of allelic dropout caused by both sample-specific factors and locus-specific factors, and it allows for deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium owing to inbreeding. Using the estimated parameters, we correct the bias in the estimation of observed heterozygosity through the use of multiple imputations of alleles in cases where dropout might have occurred. With simulated data, we show that our method can (1) effectively reproduce patterns of missing data and heterozygosity observed in real data; (2) correctly estimate model parameters, including sample-specific dropout rates, locus-specific dropout rates, and the inbreeding coefficient; and (3) successfully correct the downward bias in estimating the observed heterozygosity. We find that our method is fairly robust to violations of model assumptions caused by population structure and by genotyping errors from sources other than allelic dropout. Because the data sets imputed under our model can be investigated in additional subsequent analyses, our method will be useful for preparing data for applications in diverse contexts in population genetics and molecular ecology.
Study on Synthesis Chitosan Oligomer Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles Using Green Chemistry and Their Burn Wound Healing Effects
Authors: Kang Yun Ok , Park Won Ho 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThe preparation of metal nanoparticles is a major research area in technical engineering due to their unusual properties, such as catalytic activity, novel electronic, optic and magnetic properties and biotechnology. Specially, silver has been used for years in the medical field for antimicrobial applications because it known for its antimicrobial properties and even has shown to prevent HIV binding to host cells. Common synthesis, chemical and physical methods using chemical reducing agent and organic solvent are not too suitable to have application to bioengineering because they should have associated environmental toxicity or biological hazards. Development of sustainable processes through green chemistry is attractive about the elimination or minimization of chemical waste. Here, we introduce the green method for preparation of silver nanoparticles using chitosan oligomer as both reducing and stabilizing agent in water. We expect that the use of environmentally benign solvent and chitosan oligomer to prepare silver nanoparticles offers numerous benefits and compatibility for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.
Assessment of Lifetime Occupational Exposure in an Epidemiologic Study
of COPD
Authors: Graziani Monica , Doney Brent , Hnizdo Eva , Villnave Jacqueline , Breen Victor , Weinmann Sheila , Vollmer William M. , McBurnie Mary Ann , Buist A. Sonia , Heumann Michael 
Published: July 2012

Ascertainment of lifetime occupational exposures in an epidemiological study of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD) is important in order to investigate its effect on the disease and develop prevention strategies.
The aim of our paper is to describe and evaluate a methodology used to assign lifetime occupational exposure to
participants in a case-control study of COPD where lifetime occupational history was ascertained through telephone
questionnaire interviews.
The methodology involved assigning to each individual a qualitative index of potential exposure to eight occupational
hazards, summarized individually overall the job categories reported by the individual, and an overall qualitative index of
lifetime exposure to all eight hazards. The eight occupational hazards scored were mineral dusts, metal dusts/fumes,
organic dusts, irritant gases/vapors, sensitizers, organic solvents, diesel exhaust, and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS).
Two industrial hygienists independently assigned the above indices based on: their expert opinion, a priori knowledge
based on literature review, and study participants’ responses to interviewer questions regarding types and duration of
exposure. To evaluate agreement of the assigned scores, we used the Kappa statistic to test the agreement between the two
scorers on each of the indices. The Kappa statistic generally indicated good agreement between the industrial hygienists’
scores but varied by exposure from 0.42 to 0.86. Although the exposure scoring is somewhat subjective, it is based on
experience of experts and review of the literature. This method, with subject interviews providing qualitative lifetime
exposure data when air monitoring has not been conducted, is useful for reconstructing lifetime exposures.
Income from Student Inventions and the Kiddie Tax
Authors: Muehlmann Brigitte W. , Baez Wanny , Burnaby Priscilla A. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT
Scientific revolutions, frequently led by the youngest scientists, are essential for the competitiveness of the U.S. economy. In 2008, the kiddie tax age limit was increased from 18 to 24 years, which expanded its coverage to full-time undergraduate and graduate students. Although Congress generally seeks to promote innovation, royalty income from student-created inventions is penalized because it is characterized as unearned income that is subject to the kiddie tax, a form of alternative minimum tax. The objective of the drafter of the kiddie tax was to cover income transferred from a parent's to a child's lower tax rate. Student inventors can employ tax planning strategies to avoid the kiddie tax on earnings from their patents provided they are aware of the kiddie tax provisions. The tax treatment of student inventor royalty income could not be discerned from primary sources of tax law or the JCT Bluebooks. It would be desirable for Congress to act and either eliminate the kiddie tax on the royalty income from student inventions or, at a minimum, disclose the legislative design of the provision and what it intends to accomplish so that those affected by it could plan accordingly.