bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Number and distribution of silver‐stained nucleolar organizer regions and evolutionary relationships in domestic pigs
Authors: Liu W S , Lu X Z , Qiu H 
Published: July 2010

SummaryVariation in the numbers of silver‐stained nucleolar organizer regions (Ag‐NORS) were examined in 36 breeds of domestic pig of different geographic origins and five subspecies of wild boar. The relationship between Ag‐NORs and evolution of domestic pigs was investigated. In all pigs observed, Ag‐NORs were localized on the secondary constriction of chromosomes 10 and 8. The mean Ag‐NOR numbers varied from 2.0–4.0, and decreased gradually with the different geographical distribution from south to north in China and from east to west in Europe. This regular change was caused mainly by the differences of frequency in chromosome 8 Ag‐NOR type and was closely related to the evolution of domestic pig breeds.
A panel of polymorphic bovine, ovine and caprine microsatellite markers
Authors: Kemp S J , Hishida O , Wambugu J , Rink A , Teale A J , Longeri M L , Ma R Z , Da Y , Lewin H A , Barendse W , Teale A J 
Published: July 2010

SummaryA panel of 81 new polymorphic bovine microsatellite markers is described, together with further information on a previously reported group of 16 markers. The mean polymorphism information content of the 97 markers determined in 20 cattle was 0.66. Seventythree of these markers have been assigned to chromosomes by either linkage analysis or use of hybrid cell panels. Thirty‐nine of the markers were polymorphic in sheep, and 32 were polymorphic in goat. This study identified a set of 18 robust markers that were polymorphic in all three species and that covered 14 bovine chromosomes. This provides a single group of markers, which would be suited to genetic distance analysis and parentage control in cattle, sheep and goat.
Biochemical identification of the bovine blood group M‘ antigen as a major histocompatibility complex class I‐like molecule
Authors: Hønberg L S , Larsen B , Koch C , østergård H , Skjødt K 
Published: July 2010

SummaryAbsorption and elution experiments showed that it was impossible to separate antibodies against blood group factor M' from antibodies against bovine lymphocyte antigen (BoLA) A16 in an antiserum showing haemolytic activity against M' as well as lymphocytotoxic activity against BoLA‐A16. To elucidate the structural relationship between BoLA‐A16 and blood group antigen M', immunoprecipitation experiments on red and white cell lysates isolated from M'‐A16 positive and negative cattle were carried out. These results showed that Mr 44 000 and Mr 12000 polypeptides can be precipitated from both red and white cells isolated from M'‐A16 positive animals, whereas no bands were seen in M'‐A16 negative animals in precipitations with the same antibody. Precipitation with a crossreacting human β2‐microglobulin (β2‐m) specific antibody confirmed a class‐I‐like structure associated with β2‐m on M' positive red cells and the absence of such a structure on M' negative red cells. Sequential precipitations gave analogous results. Proteolytic degradation by papain and V8 protease did not reveal any substantial difference between red and white M'‐A16 positive cells, but a slight difference in the pI of the immunoprecipitable components of red and white cells was observed. All together, this indicates that either the blood group antigen M' is the BoLA‐A16 class I antigen or M' and BoLA‐A16 are two different class I polypeptides with the same relative mass, sharing identical epitopes and both associated with β2‐m. Comparable results were obtained with M1 and BoLA‐A24.
Genotyping of Bison bonasus K‐casein gene following DNA sequence amplification
Authors: Burzynska B , Topczewski J 
Published: July 2010

SummaryDNA isolated from 30 Bison bonasus blood samples was used for amplification of a kappacasein gene fragment to detect possible polymorphism. Bovine K‐caseins exist in A, B and E variants. In the European bison from Poland, we have found only BB genotypes. Sequencing of the polymerase chain reaction product revealed further polymorphisms typical for B. bonasus.
Expression of multiple DQB genes in Bos indicus cattle
Authors: Marello K L , Gallagher A , McKeever D J , Spooner R L , Russel G C 
Published: July 2010

SummaryPolymorphism of expressed bovine major histo‐compatibility complex (MHC) class II DQB genes was investigated in a group of nine MHC‐homozygous Kenya Boran cattle (Bos indicus). DQB second exon fragments were amplified by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction of total mononuclear cell RNA, cloned and sequenced. While a single DQB sequence was obtained from some animals, two DQB exon 2 sequences were found in others, implying expression of duplicated DQB genes. Two pairs of duplicated DQB genes were found in this group of homozygotes, and sequence analysis showed that both pairs contained distinct DQB alleles. One DQB duplication was observed in two related animals with the same MHC haplo‐type (F100 and F188), while the second was detected in three animals (F187, G166 and G277) that expressed the same class II DRB3 and DQB alleles but had different class I (BoLA‐A) types, suggesting that this DR/DQ haplotype may be widespread in Boran cattle.
First International Workshop on Porcine Chromosome 6
Authors: Paszek A A , Schook LB , Louis C F , Mickelson JR , Flickinger G H , Murtaugh J , Mendiola J R , Janzen M A , Beattie C W , Rohrer G A , Alexander L J , Andersson L , Ellegren H , Johansson M , Mariani P , Marklund L , Høyheim B , Davies W , Fredholm M , Archibald A L , Haley C S 
Published: July 2010

SummaryRecent advances in the use of microsatellite markers and the development of comparative gene mapping techniques have made the construction of high resolution genetic maps of livestock species possible. Framework and comprehensive genetic linkage maps of porcine chromosome 6 have resulted from the first international effort to integrate genetic maps from multiple laboratories. Eleven highly polymorphic genetic markers were exchanged and mapped by four independent laboratories on a total of 583 animals derived from four reference populations. The chromosome 6 framework map consists of 10 markers ordered with high local support. The average marker interval of the framework map is 15.1 cM (sex averaged). The framework map is 135, 175 and 109 cM in length (for sex averaged, female and male maps, respectively). The comprehensive map includes a total of 48 type I and type II markers with a sex averaged interval of 3.5 cM and is 166, 196 and 126 cM (for sex averaged, female and male maps, respectively). Additional markers within framework map marker intervals can thus be selected from the comprehensive map for further analysis of quantitive trait loci (QTL) located on chromosome 6. The resulting maps of swine chromosome 6 provide a valuable tool for analysing and locating QTL.
Survey on swine SINEs (PRE‐1) as candidates for SSCP markers in genetic linkage analysis
Authors: Harumi T , Kimura M , Yasue H 
Published: July 2010

SummaryOf 310 random cosmid clones, 216 were positive for PRE‐1 sequences by Southern hybridization. Thirty nine sub‐fragments positive for the PRE‐1 sequences were cloned from independent cosmid clones, and sequenced, with 17 complete PRE‐1 elements found. Seven PRE‐1 loci were amplified by polymerase chain reaction using genomic DNA of 12 unrelated pigs as template. The amplified fragments were then subjected to an analysis of single strand conformation polymorphism, with all the loci being polymorphic.
Relations between genetic distance of parental pig breeds and heterozygosity of their F1 crosses measured by genetic markers
Authors: Čepica S , Wolf J , Hojný J , Vacková I , Schröffel J 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe aim of this paper is to examine the extent to which increment of heterozygosity in F1 crosses can be predicted from genetic distance of parental breeds. For this purpose, 38 polymorphic marker loci (blood groups, allotypes, polymorphic proteins and enzymes) were tested in 1115 purebred animals (Duroc, Hampshire and Czech Meat Pig as sire breeds; Landrace, Large White and Black Pied Přeštice as dam breeds) and in 1428 crossbred animals of the resulting nine crossbred groups. The number of animals in each genetic group ranged from 75 to 230. On the basis of the allele frequencies of the scored loci, three measures of genetic diversity (heterozygosity, standardized heterozygosity, effective number of alleles) were calculated in all 15 genetic groups. Furthermore, two measures of genetic distance (Nei's standard genetic distance and Gregorius' absolute genetic distance) were calculated between the parental populations. High correlations (Pearson product‐moment correlation 0.62 to 0.73; Spearman rank correlation 0.58 to 0.85) were found between the increment of heterozygosity in the crosses (in relation to the mean of the heterozygosities of parental populations) and the genetic distance between the parental populations.
Genetic characterization of highly inbred chicken lines by two DNA methods: DNA fingerprinting and polymerase chain reaction using arbitrary primers
Authors: Plotsky Y. , Kaiser M. G. , Lamont S. J. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThirteen highly inbred chicken lines were analysed at the DNA level by DNA fingerprinting (DFP) and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using random primers. In general, the DFP patterns of individuals within a line were identical. The DFP band‐sharing (BS) values among lines from different breeds (Leghorn, Fayoumi, Spanish) ranged from 0.10 to 0.20. The DFP BS values among Leghorn lines from different genetic backgrounds ranged from 0.42 to 0.79. The DFP BS values among lines selected for different major histocompatibility complex serotypes from a common genetic background ranged from 0.70 to 0.95. Some randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR products were specific to a single line, some to all lines from the same genetic base, and some to all lines from the same breed. The RAPD‐PCR band‐sharing values ranged from 0.66 to 0.99 for all between‐line comparisons. Thus, the ability to detect biodiversity at the DNA level was greater in this study for DFP than for RAPD‐PCR. The possible origin of line‐specific bands, relative advantages of detecting biodiversity by using different molecular screening techniques and uses of highly inbred chicken lines in molecular analysis are discussed.
Synteny‐mapping horse microsatellite markers using a heterohybridoma panel
Authors: Bailey E , Graves K. T. , Cothran E. G. , Reid R. , Lear T. L. , Ennis R. B. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryA panel of horse‐mouse heterohybridoma cells was tested for genetic markers using biochemical and polymerase chain reaction‐(PCR‐) based tests. Biochemical markers included phospho‐glucomutase (PGM), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) and 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD). Markers detected using PCR‐based tests included microsatellite markersHTG2–15, HMS 1–3, 5–8, VHL20, ECA2and genes for equine major histocompatibility geneELA‐DRA, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFA) and transferrin. The results were analysed for correlation and concordance. Based on the results, five synteny groups were identified, specifically betweenELA‐DRA, TNFA, HMS5andHTG5; betweenHTG3andHTG13; betweenHTG4, HTG8andHMS3; betweenHTG6andHMS1; and betweenHTG7, HTG9andHMS6.Evidence was also found for synteny betweenHTG12, HMS7andECA2, however, confirmation requires further testing. Cytogenetic evaluation of the cell lines making up the panel indicated that large metacentric chromosomes were preferentially lost or tended to break at the centromere. Consequently, the results from this analysis can be used to identify synteny, but not to exclude synteny.
Long‐range mapping of the calcium release channel and glucosephosphate isomerase loci using pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis
Authors: Frengen E , Davies W 
Published: July 2010

SummaryLong range restriction maps of the calcium release channel (CRC) and glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI) loci have been constructed using pulsed field electrophoresis, Southern blotting and CRC‐ and GPI‐specific probes. The maps, deduced from the restriction fragments detected by the probes, covered 1.1 and 0.3 Mb respectively and no overlap between the maps of these closely linked loci was detected. The minimal distance between the GPI and CRC loci was estimated to be at least 500 kb.
Comparative mapping of sheep inhibin subunit βb to chromosome 2 in sheep and cattle by fluorescence in situ hybridization
Authors: Goldammer T , Brunner R. M. , Hiendleder S , Schwerin M 
Published: July 2010

SummaryA cosmid clone containing the complete sheep inhibin subunit βB gene (INHBB) was assigned to sheep and cattle homologous chromosome bands 2q31‐q33 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The assignment of INHBB in sheep excludes another candidate gene as the site of the FecB mutation.
Genetic relationships between Marico barb (Barbus motebensis, Steindacher 1894), Redtail barb (B. gurneyi, Günther 1868) and Amatola barb (B. amatolicus, Skelton 1990)
Authors: Engelbrecht J. S. , van der Bank F. H. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryStarch gel‐electrophoresis was used to assess genetic differences between two populations of Barbus motebensis and two other taxonomic related and morphologically similar barb species. Ten of the 29 protein coding loci studied were polymorphic. In spite of the small bio‐metric and meristic differences between the species studied, the extent of genetic differences suggests four distinct species. The evidence in support of a new barb species in the Ohrigstad River further adds to the current conservation importance of the rivers of the eastern Transvaal escarpment as a ‘hotspot’ for endemic fish species.
Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis detection of polymorphism in a PCR fragment of sheep epidermal growth factor gene
Authors: Lanneluc I. , Mulsant P. , Harrison B. , Drinkwater R. D. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe ovine map is not yet well‐developed, which represents a problem when looking for markers of a region of interest in sheep. A means of circumventing this is to use comparative mapping. In this study primers were determined using consensus sequences for the epidermal growth factor gene of humans, rats and mice, and an ovine epidermal growth factor gene fragment was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A new set of specific ovine primers was chosen to study the polymorphism of this DNA fragment by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Eighty‐four individuals belonging to seven sheep breeds were studied with this technique and four alleles were detected. The heterozygosity rate was 0.57. Family analysis showed mendelian inheritance of the alleles. Usually, genetic analysis of type‐I loci used in the comparative mapping is based on the detection of restriction fragment length polymorphisms in sheep DNA using cDNA probes from other species. Our work shows that another method, based on PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis techniques, can be efficiently used.
A new DNA marker, U15557, is linked to protease inhibitor and adenylate kinase‐1 in the laboratory opossum, Monodelphis domestica
Authors: Perelygin A. A. , Samollow P. B. , Perelygina L. M. , Cherry L. M. , Mahaney S. M. , VandeBerg J. L. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryA 323‐bp DNA fragment (U15557) was isolated, cloned, and sequenced after polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification from Monodelphis domestica genomic DNA. AHindIII restriction fragment length polymorphism was identified in this species using the U15557 PCR. fragment as a hybridization probe. DNA samples exhibited either a 6.4kb band, a 7.2 kb band, or both bands simultaneously. Behaviour of these two variants in family studies was consistent with codominant autosomal inheritance. Linkage between this marker and the loci encoding protease inhibitor (PI) and adenylate kinase 1 (AK1) was found in M. domestica.
Genetic variation in Australian Merino sheep
Authors: Parsons Y. M. , Cooper D. W. , Piper L. R. , Parsons Y. M. , Cooper D. W. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryVariation at 22 gene loci was investigated in a flock of Australian Merino sheep using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Polymorphism was observed at 20 loci, including loci for wool keratin, hormone and immunoglobulin light chain genes. Eleven loci yielded unambiguous genotypes suitable for population data analysis. Average heterozygosity, determined from these and two monomorphic loci, was estimated as 0.107 (SE = 0.024). Average heterozygosity excluding all monomorphic data was estimated as 0–377 (SE = 0.031), which is comparable with human RFLP heterozygosities for loci chosen in the same way that we selected sheep loci.
Creation of a SINE enriched library for the isolation of polymorphic (AGC)n microsatellite markers in the bovine genome
Authors: Band M. , Ron M. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryTrinucleotide (AGC)n microsatellites are found as 3′ tails of the artiodactyl short interspersed nuclear element (SINE) A‐dimer. We describe a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based method for the construction of a plasmid library enriched for SINE (AGC)n microsatellites. By amplifying Sau3AI inserts with a conserved SINE primer and a flanking vector primer, a 35‐fold enrichment of (AGC)n microsatellites over a conventional genomic library was obtained. The SINE primer was used for both sequencing of AGC‐containing inserts and analysis of polymorphism. Twenty‐three unique reverse primers were synthesized and used on bovine genomic DNA, 21 producing PCR products of expected size. Five polymorphic (AGC)n microsatellites with 2–4 alleles each were characterized. Allele sizes differed by a 3 bp motif and lacked the stutter bands associated with dinucleotide repeats. A tendency of increased polymorphism for longer AGC repeat arrays was observed. High stringency selection for positive clones containing eight or more AGC repeats can thus facilitate the isolation of polymorphic (AGC)n microsatellites, Enrichment for (AGC), microsatellites by SINE‐vector PCR can be applied to other bovidae species, such as sheep or goat, containing the artiodactyl SINE elements.
Physical mapping confirms that sheep chromosome 10 has extensive conserved synteny with cattle chromosome 12 and human chromosome 13
Authors: Broad T. E. , Lambeth M. , Burkin D. J. , Burkin D. J. , Jones C. , Pearce P. D. , Maher D. W. , Ansari H. A. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe following loci, on human chromosome 13, have been newly assigned to sheep chromosome 10 using chromosomally characterized sheep‐hamster cell hybrids: gap junction protein, beta 2, 26 kDa (connexin 26) (GJB2); gap junction protein, alpha 3, 46 kDa (connexin 46) (GJA3), and esterase D/formylglutathione hydrolase (ESD). This assignment of ESD is consistent with comparative mapping evidence, but not with an earlier report of it on sheep chromosome 3p26‐p24. Cell hybrid analysis confirmed the location of another human chromosome 13 locus, retinoblastoma 1 (including osteosar‐coma) (RBI), and the anonymous ovine genomic sequence RP11 on sheep chromosome 10. Isotopic in situ hybridization was used to regionally localize RP11 on to sheep 10q15‐q22. The location of microsatellites AGLA226, OarDB3, OarHH41, OarVH58, and TGLA441, previously assigned to sheep chromosome 10 by linkage analysis, was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction using the cell hybrid panel. These mapping data provide further evidence that sheep chromosome 10 is the equivalent of cattle chromosome 12, and that these chromosomes show extensive conserved synteny with human chromosome 13.
A comprehensive linkage map of the pig based on a wild pig ‐ Large White intercross
Authors: Marklund L. , Moller M Johansson , Juneja R. K. , Mariani P. , Ellegren H. , Andersson L. , Høyheim B. , Davies W. , Fredholm M. , Coppieters W. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryA comprehensive linkage map, including 236 linked markers with a total sex‐average map length of about 2300 cM, covering nearly all parts of the pig genome has been established. Linkage groups were assigned to all 18 autosomes, the X chromosome and the X/Y pseudoautosomal region. Several new gene assignments were made including the assignment of linkage group U1 (EAK‐HPX) to chromosome 9. The linkage map includes 77 type I loci informative for comparative mapping and 72in situmapped markers physically anchoring the linkage groups on chromosomes. A highly significant heterogeneity in recombination rates between sexes was observed with a general tendency towards an excess of female recombination. The average ratio of female to male recombination was estimated at 1–4:1 but this parameter varied between chromosomes as well as between regions within chromosomes. An intriguing finding was that blood group loci were overrepresented at the distal ends of linkage groups.
Detection of a common BOLA‐DRB3 deletion by sequence‐specific oligonucleotide typing
Authors: Sitte K. , Jazwinska E. C. , East I. J. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe bovine MHC class II BoLA‐DRB3*2A has an amino acid deletion of unknown function at codon 65 in the second exon, which codes for the antigen‐binding site. Sequence‐specific oligonucleotides were designed based on published nucleotide sequences on BoLA‐DRB3 alleles, and used to detect this deletion in 51 Hereford cattle. Probes 65+ and 65‐ detect the presence or absence of codon 65 respectively. Oligonucleotide probes were labelled with Digoxigenin (DIG), hybridized to dot blots of BOLA‐DRB3 exon 2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product, and detected by chemiluminescence. Of the 51 animals screened, two were homozygous and 11 were heterozygous for the deletion at codon 65. The methodology described here provides the necessary tools to screen rapidly for this deletion in a large number of animals in order to study its effect on antigen binding and immune response.
Partial characterization of porcine obesity gene (OBS) and its localization to chromosome 18 by somatic cell hybrids
Authors: Neuenschwander S. , Rettenberger G. , Meijerink E. , Jörg H. , Stranzinger G. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryDegenerate primers based on human and mouse obesity gene (OBS) sequencing data were used in the reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) of total RNA from pig white adipose tissue. Both strands of the resultant pig‐ specific 325 bp DNA fragment were sequenced. Comparison of the obtained sequence with known sequences revealed an 86% identity with the human and 84% identity with the mouse OBS cDNA. The OBS gene was physically mapped to pig chromosome 18 by PCR analysis of somatic cell hybrids, using pig‐specific primers. This result is consistent with the recent assignment of the human OBS gene to chromosome 7 and the observation made by comparative mapping that by using a human chromosome 7 specific library two segments of conserved synteny were detected on porcine chromosomes 9 and 18. We conclude the border of conserved synteny to be in the 7q31‐7q32 region of the human chromosome.