bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term adaptation of global transcription and metabolism in the liver of high‐fat diet‐fed C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Do Gyeong‐Min , Oh Hea Young , Kwon Eun‐Young , Cho Yun‐young , Shin Su‐kyung , Park Hae‐Jin , Jeon Seon‐Min , Kim Eunjung , Hur Cheol‐Goo , Park Tae‐Sun , Sung Mi‐Kyung , McGregor Robin A. , Choi Myung‐Sook 
Published: May 2011

AbstractScope: This study investigated the global transcriptional and metabolic changes occurring at multiple time points over 24 wk in response to a high‐fat diet (HFD).Methods and results: C57BL/6J mice were fed a HFD or normal diet (ND) over 24 wk. HFD‐fed mice developed early clinical indicators of obesity‐related co‐morbidities including fatty liver, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia. Time‐course microarray analysis at eight time points over 24 wk identified 332 HFD responsive genes as potential targets to counteract diet‐induced obesity (DIO) and related co‐morbidities. Glucose regulating enzyme activity and gene expression were altered early in the HFD‐fed mice. Fatty acid (FA) and triglyceride (TG) accumulation in combination with inflammatory changes appear to be likely candidates contributing to hepatic insulin resistance. Cidea seemed to be one of representative genes related to these changes.Conclusion: Global transcriptional and metabolic profiling across multiple time points in liver revealed potential targets for nutritional interventions to reverse DIO. In future, new approaches targeting HFD responsive genes and hepatic metabolism could help ameliorate the deleterious effects of an HFD and DIO‐related complication.
Quality of life after treatment with midurethral sling and concomitant prolapse repair in patients with mixed versus stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Lin Stephanie N. , Klapper Allan S. , Wong Peter , Shalom Dara F. , Winkler Harvey A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAimsTo compare quality of life in patients with mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) to stress urinary incontinence (SUI) after treatment with a retropubic midurethral sling and concomitant prolapse repair.MethodsSixty‐three patients met inclusion criteria. Patients completed the short form of the urogenital distress inventory (UDI‐6) questionnaire pre‐ and postoperatively. Concomitant procedures included anterior/posterior colporrhaphy, paravaginal repair, LeForte, vaginal hysterectomy, and sacrospinous ligament fixation.ResultsPreoperatively, those with MUI had significantly higher UDI‐6 scores (59.8 ± 16.6 vs. 42.3 ± 14.5, respectively, P < 0.0001). Postoperatively, there was no difference in UDI‐6 scores (P = 0.87). Subjective cure rate for SUI was the same in patients with MUI versus SUI (73%). Patients with MUI demonstrated a significantly greater improvement in UDI‐6 scores as compared to patients with SUI.ConclusionsPatients with MUI compared with SUI demonstrated a greater improvement in quality of life after midurethral sling placement and concomitant pelvic organ prolapse repair as assessed by a disease‐specific quality of life questionnaire (UDI‐6). Neurourol. Urodynam. 30: 1507–1511, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Risk factors for smoking among adolescent survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the childhood cancer survivor study
Authors: Kahalley Lisa S. , Robinson Leslie A. , Tyc Vida L. , Hudson Melissa M. , Leisenring Wendy , Stratton Kayla , Mertens Ann C. , Zeltzer Lonnie , Robison Leslie L. , Hinds Pamela S. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have examined risk factors for smoking among adolescent survivors of childhood cancer. The present study reports on the rate of smoking and identifies factors associated with smoking in a sample of adolescent survivors from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS).ProcedureParticipants included 307 adolescent survivors and 97 healthy siblings (ages 14–20) who completed a self‐report survey of health, quality of life, and health behaviors.ResultsSmoking rates did not differ significantly between survivor and sibling groups (ever smokers: 28% vs. 33%, recent smokers: 10% vs. 9%, respectively). Ever smoking was significantly associated with peer smoking, smokers in the household, binging, suicidal behavior, and no history of CRT. There were significant interactions of peer smoking with gender and CRT for ever smoking and with binging for recent smoking. Recent smoking was more likely for survivors with other household smokers (RR = 2.24, CI = 1.21–4.16), past suicidality (RR = 1.89, CI = 1.00–3.56), and no CRT (RR = 2.40, CI = 1.12–5.17). Among survivors with few smoking friends, ever smoking was more likely for survivors with no CRT (RR = 4.47, CI = 1.43–13.9), and recent smoking was more likely among survivors who binged (RR = 3.37, CI = 1.17–9.71).ConclusionsDespite the health risks associated with survivorship, nearly one in three adolescent survivors of childhood cancer has smoked. Exposure to other smokers, in particular, appears to increase the likelihood of smoking for some survivors. Providing smoking cessation programs targeted to family members, helping survivors choose non‐smoking friends, and teaching ways to resist smoking influences from peers may be important pathways for smoking prevention with adolescent survivors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 428–434. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Favorable outcome with conservative treatment for children with low grade brainstem tumors
Authors: Fried Iris , Hawkins Cynthia , Scheinemann Katrin , Tsangaris Elena , Hesselson Leila , Bartels Ute , Huang Annie , Laperriere Normand , Dirks Peter , Bouffet Eric , Tabori Uri 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackgroundPediatric brainstem tumors (BST) comprise a heterogeneous group of entities. Data regarding treatment options and outcome of BST, specifically brainstem low grade tumors (BSLGT) are limited. In order to better define risk groups and evaluate treatment options for pediatric BST, we performed a comprehensive analysis of all BST patients treated in our hospital during the MRI era.ProceduresWe retrospectively analyzed clinical, imaging, and pathology data at presentation, treatment, and outcome of all BST patients followed at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto over the last 25 years.ResultsOf 1,801 children with brain tumors, 223 (12%) had a brainstem primary location. Tumors without pontine involvement were BSLGT in 98.3%, whereas 75% of tumors involving the pons were high grade (P = 0.0001). Patients with BSLGT had 5‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of 57 ± 3% and 89 ± 5%, respectively. Upfront observation of tumor residual conferred no survival disadvantage with 5‐year PFS and OS of 57 ± 5% and 93 ± 3%, respectively. In the group of patients requiring further treatment, 5‐year PFS and OS were comparable between chemotherapy and radiotherapy with 53 ± 12% and 93 ± 4% and 66 ± 11% and 83 ± 6%, respectively (P = 0.26 and 0.3, respectively).ConclusionBST without pontine involvement are almost invariably BSLGT. Children with BSLGT have an excellent outcome even with careful initial observation. No clear benefit was observed for radiotherapy over chemotherapy when adjuvant treatment was needed. A conservative approach may be warranted for children with non‐pontine brainstem lesions. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 556–560. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Superior outcome of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia patients with orbital and CNS myeloid sarcoma: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Johnston Donna L. , Alonzo Todd A. , Gerbing Robert B. , Lange Beverly J. , Woods William G. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackgroundExtramedullary leukemia (EML) is common in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and occurs as leukemia cells within the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or as a solid tumor (myeloid sarcoma—MS). The effect of MS on survival is unknown.MethodsPatients on CCG protocols 2861, 2891, 2941, and 2961 being treated for AML with intensive‐timing chemotherapy were classified for the presence of EML (CSF leukemia, CNS‐MS, orbital‐MS, or non‐CNS MS). CSF leukemia was classified as CNS3 (>5 WBC in the CSF with blasts) and non‐CSF leukemia as CNS1/2 (<5 WBC in the CSF with or without blasts). Characteristics and outcomes of these patients were compared.ResultsOf the 1,459 total patients, 1,206 (82%) had no EML, 154 (11%) had CSF leukemia, 19 (1%) had CNS‐MS, 23 (2%) had orbital‐MS, and 57 (4%) had non‐CNS MS. The CR rate was significantly higher in patients with orbital‐MS and CNS‐MS than in those with non‐MS and non‐CNS MS (96% and 95% vs. 78% and 78%, P = 0.034). Patients with orbital‐MS and CNS‐MS had significantly higher overall survival than patients with non‐CNS MS (92% and 73% vs. 38%, P < 0.001), CNS3 patients (92% and 73% vs. 51, P < 0.001), and CNS1/2 patients (92% and 73% vs. 50%, P < 0.001). Patients with orbital‐MS had a significantly lower relapse rate.ConclusionPatients with MS involving orbital and CNS sites had a significantly better survival than patients with non‐CNS MS, with CSF leukemia, or with no EML. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 519–524. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhanced surface morphology and transport property of poly(N‐vinylcarbazole)/gold nanocomposite Langmuir–Schaefer films
Authors: Basavaraja C. , Kim Won Jung , Kim Dae Gun , Thin P.X. , Huh Do Sung 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA composite of poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK) containing gold nanoparticles (GNPs) was synthesized via simple solid‐state in situ bulk polymerization of N‐vinylcarbazole in the presence of GNPs at a high temperature. Both PVK and PVK–GNP composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and UV–vis spectroscopy. The surface morphology of the composites was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Thermal stability was identified via thermogravimetric analysis. The composites were fabricated into films using the Langmuir–Schaefer process. The enhancement in the characteristics of room temperature I–V, pressure–area isotherms, and photoelectrochemical behaviors was observed in the composite films. Results suggest that a charge transfer process occurs across the hybrid at the interface of the PVK–GNP composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
1H‐NMR Analysis of Terpene Trilactones (TTLs) in Ginkgo biloba: Green Female Leaves Contain the Most TTLs
Authors: Goto Hiroshi , Usuki Toyonobu 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTIntroductionTerpene trilactones (TTLs), unique components of Ginkgo biloba extracts, are believed to play important roles in the biological activity of these materials. The investigation of seasonal and gender‐related variations in the natural content of TTLs in the leaves is a challenging problem that must be addressed in order to establish more efficient extraction/isolation protocols for TTLs.ObjectiveThe aims of this work were (i) to modify the extraction/isolation protocols of TTLs from G. biloba leaves by means of boiling and filtration procedures, and (ii) to investigate seasonal and gender‐related variations in the TTL content of the leaves via 1H‐NMR analysis.MethodologyWhen extracting TTLs from G. biloba leaves, procedures for boiling and filtration were improved in this work. Moreover, quantitative 1H‐NMR analysis using DMF as a reference was performed and correlated to the colour (green/yellow) and gender (male/female) variations in the natural compositions of TTLs in the leaves.ResultsExtraction procedures were modified to include boiling in ethyl acetate and filtration was achieved with celite. 1H‐NMR analysis of TTLs suggested that green female leaves contained the largest amount of TTLs, while no TTLs were present in yellow male leaves.ConclusionThe present results provide a method for quickly supplying laboratory‐scale quantities of TTLs from natural sources to enable the study of their structure–activity relationships. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal interventions for fetal lung lesions
Authors: Witlox Ruben S. , Lopriore Enrico , Oepkes Dick 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe widespread availability of high resolution ultrasound equipment and almost universal routine anatomy scanning in all pregnant women in the developed world has lead to increased detection of abnormalities in the fetal thorax. Already in the 1980s, large pleural effusions and significant macrocystic lesions in the fetus were easily detected on ultrasound. However, smaller lung tumours were often missed. Nowadays, fetal medicine centres receive many referrals for evaluation of fetal lung lesions, of which the most common are congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation and bronchopulmonary sequestration. Almost invariably, both the parents and the referring physicians experience anxiety after detection of large lung masses in the fetus. However, the vast majority of the currently detected fetal lung lesions have an excellent prognosis without the need for prenatal intervention. In the small group of fetuses in which the prognosis is poor, almost exclusively those with concomitant fetal hydrops and cardiac failure, several options for fetal therapy exist, often with a more than 50% survival rate. Indications, techniques, complications and outcomes of these interventions will be described in this review. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia: prenatal interventions
Authors: Kamphuis Marije M. , Oepkes Dick 
Published: May 2011

AbstractFetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is a potentially devastating condition, which may lead to intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) in the fetus or neonate, often with death or major neurological damage as consequence. In the absence of screening, preventive measures are only possible in the next pregnancy of women with an affected child. Controversy exists on the best intervention to minimise the risk of ICH. Most centres have abandoned treatment with serial fetal blood sampling (FBS) and platelet transfusions, because of a high rate of complications and the availability of quite effective non‐invasive alternatives. In pregnancies with FNAIT and a previous affected child without ICH, weekly intravenous administration of immunoglobulins to the mother appears close to 100% effective to prevent fetal or neonatal ICH. Some centres add prednisone; this combination leads to slightly higher platelet counts at birth. In pregnant women with a previous child with ICH, the recurrence risk seems particularly high, and more aggressive maternal medical treatment is recommended, starting earlier with immunoglobulins. Whether a higher intravenous immunoglobulin dose or the addition of prednisone is really necessary is unclear. What does seem to be clear is that the use of FBS should be minimised, possibly even abandoned completely. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal decomposition kinetics of tricomponent polyester/polycarbonate systems
Authors: Al‐Mulla Adam , Mathew Johnson , Al‐Omairi Lafi , Bhattacharya Sati 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe current work seeks to develop a novel polymeric blend containing polycarbonate(PC)/poly(trimethylene‐terephthalate)(PTT)/poly(butylene‐terephthalate)(PBT), (50: 25:25, weight/weight percent). This has been prepared using a single screw extruder. The thermal degradation kinetics of the blend and neat polymers have been investigated by means of a Theromogravimetric analyzer (TGA) machine. Theromogravimetric analysis of the neat polymers and the blend was carried out at 5, 10, 15, and 20°C/min under Nitrogen and air atmosphere. Two analytical models, namely Kissinger and Ozawa were used to estimate the degradation kinetic parameters (Activation energy, E and pre‐exponential factor, A). The neat polymers were found to be more thermally stable under nitrogen than under air. The solid state decomposition was found to follow a phase boundary controlled mechanism. Possibility of transexchange reactions during melt blending was also analyzed using TGA studies. Residual char of blends of different compositions were also used as an indicator to determine possible exchange reactions. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Non‐invasive ventilation on a pediatric intensive care unit: Feasibility, efficacy, and predictors of success
Authors: Dohna‐Schwake Christian , Stehling Florian , Tschiedel Eva , Wallot Michael , Mellies Uwe 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackgroundThere is only sparse data on the use of non‐invasive ventilation (NIV) in acute respiratory failure (ARF) in infants and children. For this setting we investigated feasibility and efficacy of NIV and aimed to identify early predictors for treatment failure.Patients and MethodsRetrospective chart review was performed for all patients treated with NIV for ARF from 2003 to 2010 on an 8‐bed pediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary university hospital.ResultsSeventy‐four patients were treated with NIV. One patient did not tolerate mask ventilation and needed immediate invasive ventilation. Intubation rate of the remaining patients was 23% and mortality 15%. Institution of NIV led to significant improvement of both respiratory and heart rate in all patients within the first hour and to further stabilization within the next 8–10 hr. In patients with NIV success blood gases improved significantly 1–2 hr after starting NIV. Multivariate analysis identified low pH after 1–2 hr to be an individual risk factor for NIV failure. Other factors tested were age, underlying disease, acute respiratory insufficiency versus post‐extubation failure (PEF), and 1–2 hr after starting NIV oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, PCO2, and FiO2. Patients with PEF tended to show better outcomes compared to those with acute respiratory insufficiency.ConclusionNIV can be effective in infants and children with ARF. Low pH 1–2 hr after start of NIV is associated with NIV failure. It may therefore be useful in the decision to continue or stop mask ventilation. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:1114–1120. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pulmonary maturational arrest and death in a patient with pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis
Authors: King Brooke A. , Boyd J. Todd , Kingma Paul S. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe present the clinical presentation and pathological findings from a term infant with atypical neonatal lung disease. A full term Caucasian male presented at birth with signs of respiratory distress. The respiratory condition continued to deteriorate despite maximum intervention and the patient was placed on ECMO for further cardiorespiratory assistance. An open lung biopsy demonstrated findings consistent with severe lung growth abnormality with non‐uniform pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis. The patient consequently developed a pulmonary hemorrhage that required discontinuation of ECMO. The patient died shortly after decannulation. Most literature suggests that PIG is one of the few pediatric interstitial lung diseases that has a favorable prognosis with rare mortality in the absence of co‐morbidities. However, the current case suggests prognosis may depend more on the underlying diagnosis than on the histological finding of PIG. In addition, this case may provide insight into the pathogenesis and potential modifiers of this idiopathic disorder. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:1142–1145. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hypoxia and nitric oxide exposure promote apoptotic signaling in contractile pulmonary arterial smooth muscle but not in pulmonary epithelium
Authors: Postolow F. , Fediuk J. , Nolette N. , Hinton M. , Dakshinamurti S. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractRationaleNeonatal pulmonary hypertension is characterized by hypoxia, abnormal vascular remodeling, and impaired alveolarization. Nitric oxide (NO) regulates cell replication and activation of apoptosis. Our objective was to examine cell phenotype‐specific effects of hypoxia and NO exposure on cumulative apoptotic signal in neonatal pulmonary epithelial cells and arterial smooth muscle.Design/MethodsPrimary cultured newborn porcine pulmonary arterial myocytes and epithelial cells were grown in normoxic (21% O2) or hypoxic conditions (10% O2). Myocyte phenotype was predetermined by serum‐supplementation or ‐deprivation. Cells were exposed to sodium nitroprusside (10−7–10−4 M) or diluent for 3 days. Cell survival was estimated by MTT assay; BAX, Bcl‐2, and cleaved caspase‐3 by Western blot; cell cycle entry by laser scanning cytometry.ResultsHypoxic epithelial cells exhibited a small increase in anti‐apoptotic Bcl2, and decrease in BAX. Cell survival and active caspase‐3 were unchanged. Exposure to NO had no impact on epithelial apoptosis, but initiated necrosis. In contractile myocytes, pro‐apoptotic BAX abundance and caspase‐3 activation were increased by hypoxia, augmented by NO exposure promoting apoptosis. Hypoxia decreased BAX/Bcl‐2 ratio and promoted survival of synthetic myocytes; NO increased apoptosis of normoxic synthetic myocytes, but decreased apoptosis of hypoxic synthetic myocytes.ConclusionThe effect of NO on pulmonary apoptosis is phenotype‐dependent. A cumulative apoptotic effect of hypoxia and NO in vitro exerted on contractile myocytes may lead to contraction of this subpopulation, while synthetic myocyte survival and proliferation is enhanced by hypoxia and NO. Epithelial survival is unaffected. We speculate that alveolar rarefaction reported after neonatal hypoxia may arise from growth arrest in the vascular rather than the epithelial compartment. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011; 46: 1194–1208. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Production and Sensitivity Evaluation of Nanocrystalline RDX‐based Explosive Compositions
Authors: Stepanov Victor , Anglade Venant , Balas Hummers Wendy A. , Bezmelnitsyn Andrey V. , Krasnoperov Lev N. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe initiation sensitivity of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) was investigated as a function of crystal size. For this study, RDX powders with mean crystal sizes of ca. 200 and 500 nm were prepared by rapid expansion of supercritical solutions (RESS) with carbon dioxide as the solvent. Initiation sensitivity testing to impact, sustained shock, and electrostatic discharge stimuli was performed on uncoated as well as wax‐coated specimens. The test data revealed that in a direct comparison to coarser grades the nanocrystalline RDX‐based samples were substantially less sensitive to shock and impact stimuli. Furthermore, the 500 nm RDX‐based specimens exhibited the lowest sensitivity values, an indication that minima in shock and impact sensitivities with respect to crystal size exist.
High nitrogen pressure solution growth of bulk GaN in “feed‐seed” configuration
Authors: Boćkowski M. , Grzegory I. , Łucznik B. , Sochacki T. , Kryśko M. , Strąk P. , Dzięcielewski I. , Litwin‐Staszewska E. , Porowski S. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn this paper the growth and physical properties of HNPS‐GaN crystallized in “feed‐seed” configuration is described. The idea of this configuration is based on the conversion of the free standing HVPE‐GaN crystals to the free standing HNPS‐GaN. The influence of the c‐plane bowing in the initial substrate on quality, rate, and mode of growth from solution is analyzed.
GaAs–MnAs nanowires
Authors: Sadowski Janusz , Siusys Aloyzas , Kovacs Andras , Kasama Takeshi , Dunin‐Borkowski Rafal E. , Wojciechowski Tomasz , Reszka Anna , Kowalski Bogdan 
Published: May 2011

AbstractDifferent strategies for obtaining nanowires (NWs) with ferromagnetic properties using the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) grown nanostructures combining GaAs and Mn were investigated. Four types of structures have been studied: (i) self‐catalyzed GaAs:Mn NWs grown at low temperatures on GaAs(100) substrates; (ii) GaAs:Mn NWs grown at high temperatures on Si(100) substrates; (iii) GaAs–GaMnAs core–shell NW structures; (iv) GaAs–MnAs core–shell NW structures grown on Si(100). Structures of types (i), (iii), and (iv) exhibit ferromagnetic properties.Right: Scanning electron microscopy image of Mn doped GaAs NWs with Ga droplets at the tops, grown by MBE on oxidized Si(100) substrate in the autocatalytic growth mode.magnified image