bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Mast Cells and Eosinophil Leukocytes in the Mammalian Testis
Authors: Anton F. , Morales C. , Aguilar R. , Bellido C. , Aguilar E. , Gaytán F. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe existence of a physiological integration between the immune and endocrine systems has long been recognized. In spite of the abundant literature data on the presence of cells of the immune system in the testis, mast cells and eosinophil leukocytes have received little attention. We have studied the presence, distribution and numbers of mast cells and eosinophils in the testes of 12 mammalian species. Mast cells were frequently found in equine (stallion, ass and mule) and human testis, whereas eosinophils were nearly absent. On the contrary, eosinophils were abundant in the hare testis, while mast cells were lacking. Both cells types were present in high numbers in swine (wild and domestic boar) testis. Otherwise, mast cells and eosinophils were absent from the testicular parenchyma of several species (rat, dog, cat, bull and deer), although they were present, in most cases, around blood vessels in the tunica albuginea. The presence of high numbers of mast cells and/or eosinophil leukocytes in the testicular parenchyma of some species suggest a role for these cells in local regulatory pathways.
Effects of Chromium Supplementation on the Growth and Carcass Quality of Bulls Fed a Grain‐based Diet during the Finishing Period
Authors: Danielsson D.‐A. , Pehrson B. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTwo groups of 12 young bulls, as similar as possible with respect to age and weight, were fed a basic diet of hay and concentrates ad libitum for 170 days. The concentrate fed to one of the groups was supplemented with 0.20 mg of organic chromium per kg DM from a fodder yeast product so that the concentration of chromium in the total dry matter of their diet was 0.90 mg/kg, compared with 0.72 mg/kg in the diet of the control group. No significant differences were observed between the two groups of animals in terms of either their daily weight gain or any of the parameters of carcass quality examined. It is therefore concluded that in Sweden there is no reason to add chromium routinely to the diet of intensively fed, growing bulls.
Transferring Profile of Dietary Sulphaquinoxaline into Eggs
Authors: Furusawa N. , Tsuzukida Y. , Kubota M. , Yamaguchi H. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySulphaquinoxaline (SQ) was fed to laying hens at the dietary levels of 25, 50, 100 and 200 ppm, respectively, for 7 successive days. The increasing amount of SQ transferred into the whole egg during SQ feeding could be well described by the following equation: y = 0.007318.xT where y is the SQ content (ppm) in the whole egg, x is the dietary SQ level (ppm), T is days on SQ feeding (T ≤ 4). After 4 days of SQ feeding, the SQ content in the homogenized eggs reached a plateau at 0.0292. x (=0.007318. 4x) ppm.This equation permits to predict SQ content in the eggs.
Haematological, Biochemical and Toxicological Investigations in Spontaneous Cases with Different Frequency of Porcine Nephropathy in Bulgaria
Authors: Stoev S. D. , Stoeva J. K. , Anguelov G. , Hald B. , Creppy E. E. , Radic B. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryHaematological, biochemical and toxicological investigations of blood and urine of normally slaughtered pigs exhibiting different frequency (1–2%, 10–20% and 50–60%) of changes characterized as “enlarged mottled kidneys”; at the slaughtering meat inspection were carried out to elucidate the nature of nephropathies encountered in Bulgaria. A content of ochratoxin A, higher in the spring than the autumn, was found in the serum and urine samples. The mean contamination levels of ochratoxin A in consumed feeds ranged from 114 ± 36 ppb for 1994 to 207 ± 65 ppb for 1993.The renal changes were characterized by impairment of proximal tubular function (indicated by an increased urinary excretion of glucose and protein) as well as by decreased specific gravity and increased pH in the urine mainly in pigs with 50–60% frequency of nephropathy. The concentration of urea, creatininc and glucose in the blood was increased, whereas the serum protein and cholesterol were decreased in pigs with 10–20% and 50–60% frequency of nephropathy. The mean enzyme levels of gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase and leucine aminopeptidase were significantly increased in the urine. The presence of granular casts and necrotic renal tubular cells were established in the sediment.
Effects of Verapamil, Sodium Nitroprusside and Calcium Deprivation on the Phenylephrine‐Induced Contraction of Smooth Muscle Strips From the Reticular Groove of Adult Cattle
Authors: Andrés M. D. San , Encinas T. , González F. , de Vicente M. L. , Andrés M. I. San , Rodríguez C. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe effects of verapamil, sodium nitroprusside and calcium deprivation on the smooth muscle strips from the floor of the reticular groove of adult cattle were studied. The mechanical activity of the muscle strip was recorded isometrically. Contraction was induced with phenylephrine (10−6mol/l) in Tyrode solution. Verapamil (10−6mol/l) produced a high inhibition of the response, phasic and tonic (P < 0.05). Sodium nitroprusside (10−6mol/l) reduced mainly the phasic contraction (P < 0.05). Deprivation of Ca2+from extracellular medium produced a high inhibition of the tonic phase. This study indicates that the action of verapamil on the reticular groove smooth muscle may be partially related to blockade of calcium entry through voltage‐dependent channels, opened during phenylephrine stimulation. However, the nitroprusside action could be attributed to effect on the extrusion of calcium.
The Stress Response to Repeated Capture in Mouflon (Ovis ammon): Physiological, Haematological and Biochemical Parameters
Authors: Marco I. , Viñas L. , Velarde R. , Pastor J. , Lavin S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTwo groups of mouflons (Ovis ammon) were held in captivity to study the effects of repeated capture on physiological, haematological and biochemical parameters. The first one (Group I) was of 6 mouflons captured in the wild, while the second (Group II) was also of 6 mouflons, but which had been in captivity for 3 years. In Group I, body temperature, mature neutrophil count and lactate increased during activity, while red blood cells, haemoglobin, ALT, AST, total lipid, phospholipids, cholesterol, BUN, creatinine, phosphorus and zinc decreased at different times during the study period. In Group II, few statistical differences were observed. Most of these changes were related to stress and reflected a lack of adaptation to repeated handling.
Spontaneous Pregnancy Toxaemia (Ketosis) in Sheep and the Role of Insulin
Authors: Henze P. , Bickhardt K. , Fuhrmann H. , Sallmann H. P. 
Published: May 2010

Summary214 ewes suffering from pregnancy toxaemia (ketosis) were examined. Clinical signs during onset and course of disease and laboratory findings were compared between animals that survived and those which died. In the latter the onset of ketosis was earlier in pregnancy (day 143 ± 7 vs. day 146 ± 8) and duration of the disease was shorter (10 ± 13 vs. 14 ± 9 days). The animals that died showed more severe clinical signs and higher values of 3‐hydroxy‐butyrate (4.3 ± 3.6 vs. 3.5 ± 2.6 mmol/1) and cortisol (72 ± 98 vs. 52 ± 80 nmol/1) as well as lower values of insulin (37 ± 12 vs. 66 ± 42 pmol/1) and potassium (4.1 ± 1.0 vs. 4.4 ± 1.0 mmol/1) at onset of the disease than those which survived (all of differences with P < 0.05). Glucose levels did not differ between groups.Treated animals with glucose plus fructose infusions (n = 56) or with oral application of glucose precursors plus electrolytes (n = 126) had survival rates of 53.6% and 62.7%, respectively. Oral treatment with glucose precursors plus electrolytes and an additional subcutaneous insulin treatment (n = 15) led to an enhanced survival rate of 86.7% (P < 0.05).Low insulin levels in ketotic pregnant sheep and the therapeutic effect of insulin treatment support the hypothesis that insulin plays a causative role in the pathogenesis of ovine ketosis.
Absorbability of Sulphamonomethoxine and Sulphadimethoxine Administered via Food of Laying Hens
Authors: Furusawa N. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySulphamonomethoxine (SMM) or sulphadimethoxine (SDM) were fed each to four laying hens at a dietary content of 400 p.p.m. 1000 p.p.m. of chromic oxide were supplemented to the experimental diets as an indicator for the absorbability in the gastrointestinal tract. SMM and SDM contents (p.p.m.) in the large intestine, determined 16 h after the start of feeding, were measured by HPLC. Average amounts of SMM and SDM in the dry matter of the large intestine were 12.3 and 30.2 p.p.m., respectively. The absorption ratios of SMM and SDM administered via the food were calculated to be 96.9 and 92.5%, respectively.
Erythrocyte Resistance to Oxidative Damage and Leucocyte Capacity to Reduce Nitroblue Tetrazolium in Selenium‐Deficient Cattle
Authors: Gutzwiller A. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySimmental x Red Holstein steers which were fed roughage with a low selenium (Se) content received either a Se‐delivering bolus orally (group Se+) or no Se supplement (group Se−). Weight gain was not influenced by Se supplementation. When blood for thein‐vitroassays was drawn 8 weeks after bolus administration, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activity was much higher in Se+than in Se−animals (P < 0.01). The addition of acetylphenylhydrazine to the blood samples induced significantly fewer Heinz bodies in erythrocytes of Se+animals (P < 0.01). It was shown that H2Ozinduced the formation of identical amounts of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the erythrocytes of Se+and Se−animals. Thus, GSH‐Px seems to be more important for the protection of haemoglobin than for the protection of erythrocyte lipids from oxidative damage. After addition of endotoxin and nitroblue tetrazolium to blood samples, leucocytes of Se+and of Se‐animals reduced the same amount of nitroblue tetrazolium. Thus, selenium deficiency apparently had no negative effect on the oxidative burst of leucocytes.
Selected Blood Parameters During Recovery from Strenuous Running Exertion in Trotters
Authors: Pinkowski W. , Mohr E. , Krzywanek H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryDuring training, in 10 trotters, blood samples from the vena jugularis were taken before and after a heat with 80% of maximum capability as well as in the recovery period. Lactic acid concentration and pH‐value, haematocrit and haemoglobin content, as well as protein concentration and osmolality were measured.With the exception of protein concentration, the time course of the values during the recovery could be described by simple mathematical models (biexponential or exponential equations).Only in the case of blood lactate concentration, the basal value was not yet achieved 120 min after the end of exercise. In the case of the other examined parameters, the homeostasis was restored earlier. Therefore, it seems to be recommendable when performing tests with preliminary heats and finals on the same day to stick to a break of at least 2 h between two races.
Modifications of the Form and Amplitude of the Electrocardiographic QRS Complex During Growth in the Spanish‐Bred Horse
Authors: Ayala I. , Montes A. , Benedito J. L. , Castillo C. , Hernández J. , Gutierrez C. , García‐Partida P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryConfiguration and amplitude values of the QRS complex of the electrocardiogram were studied with standard Einthoven leads in 173 healthy Spanish‐bred (Andalusian) horses, aged between 1 month and 17 years. Animals which were 1 month old had a predominantly negative QRS complex, whereas a predominantly positive complex direction was found in the rest of the animals. Statistically significant variations were found for the Q‐wave and QRS main vector between the different age groups, with highest values for the Q‐wave and most negative values for the direction of the QRS main vector in animals up to 2 months of age. The effect of age on the form and amplitude values of the QRS complex could be related to the changes in size and position of the heart in the thorax during growth. This study provides standard electrocardiographic values for the Andalusian horse at different ages.
Activity of Hyaluronidase in Placental Tissues from Cows with and without Retained Fetal Membranes
Authors: Kankofer M. , Wierciński J. , Fidecki M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryHyaluronidase, a proteoglycan‐degrading enzyme, may have an influence on collagenolysis in bovine placenta and take part in the separation processes of the placenta in cows. There was, however, no evidence concerning the activity of this enzyme in those tissues. The experiment was performed on cows divided into two groups as follows: A, placenta not retained (n = 16); and B, placenta retained (n = 9). The activity of the enzyme was measured using a spectrophotometric method and zymography. The results showed statistically significant higher activity of hyaluronidase in the maternal and fetal parts of the placenta in cows with a retention of fetal membranes. Further experiments require substrate specificity studies and the presence of regulatory factors of this enzyme in bovine placental tissues.
Pathology of Mitral Valve in Regularly Slaughtered Pigs: an Abattoir Survey on the Occurrence of Myxoid Degeneration (Endocardiosis), Fibrosis and Valvulitis*
Authors: Gagna C. , Meier D. , Ru G. , Pospischil A. , Guarda F. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe aim of this study was to report the prevalence of degenerative and early inflammatory lesions and to discuss some histological aspects of normal and pathological mitral valve leaflets in healthy, normally slaughtered pigs. Mitral valves were collected from 112, 6 month‐old, pigs reared under different conditions. Histological examination revealed the presence of myxoid degeneration in 29.5% of the valves with no significantly different prevalence according to rearing conditions; fibrosis was present in 12.5%; inflammation (non‐vegetative valvulitis) occurred in 20 (17.9%) macroscopically normal valves. No vegetative endocarditis could be observed. A significantly higher degree of inflammation was observed in valves affected by myxoid degeneration (P < 0.05) and Anitschkow cells were prevalent in all the pathological valvesd (P < 0.01). Capillaries were observed in a wide majority of the valves (86.5%), but small arterioles were related to fibrotic thickening of the leaflets (P < 0.01). The following conclusions are discussed: (1) environmental factors seem not to influence the prevalence of endocardiosis; (2) inflammatory foci in myxoid valves are a reaction to both abnormal friction and products of degraded collagen and extracellular matrix; (3) the authors consider the presence of capillaries in pig valves a normal finding whereas proliferation of the vessels occurs under pathological conditions; (4) non vegetative valvulitis can be related to the presence of vessels in the valve and may have a role in both infectious endocarditis and fibrosis; (5) Anitschkow cells are normally observed in pig valves and are not specifically related to pathological lesions.
The Effect of the Addition of Oil Preparation with Increased Content of n‐3 Fatty Acids on Serum Lipid Profile and Clinical Condition of Cats with Miliary Dermatitis
Authors: Lechowski R. , Sawosz E. , Klucińskl W. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine the influence of an oil preparation with increased n‐3 fatty acids content on the serum lipid profile and clinical condition of cats with miliary dermatitis. The studies were performed on 22 cats of various breeds and both sexes, aged between 3 and 7 years, that had been fed a balanced diet, based on beef meat for the previous 6 months. The animals were divided into four groups: I, five clinically healthy cats; II, five clinically healthy cats, receiving 1 ml of oil preparation with food for 6 weeks; III, seven nonpruritic cats with miliary dermatitis, without treatment; and group IV, five nonpruritic cats with miliary dermatitis, receiving 1 ml of oil preparation per day with food for 6 weeks. Every 2 weeks all cats were clinically examined. Determination of the serum lipid profile and composition of the oil preparation was performed using gas chromatography. The concentration of total cholesterol (CHL), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction and triacylglycerols (TG) were determined spectrophotometrically.In three sick animals, the dermatological signs disappeared completely. In cats with miliary dermatitis, who did not receive the oil preparation, the ratio of cholesterol and HDL to triacylglycerols was reversed compared with healthy cats and sick animals which had received the oil preparation. The addition of the oil preparation lowered the content of saturated fatty acids in serum, in particular palmitic acid, and increased the content of unsaturated acids, linolenic, eicosapentaenoic (EPA, n‐3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, n‐3). Simultaneously, a nonsignificant rise in arachidonic acid (AA, n‐6) and a decrease in dihomo‐gamma‐linolenic acid (DGLA, n‐6) were found.These observations indicate that cats with miliary dermatitis require an increased amount of n‐3 fatty acids in the diet. This was proved not only by the observed changes in the serum lipid profile but also by the clinical improvement.
Combinations of Growth Promoters in Veal Calves: Consequences for Screening and Confirmation Methods
Authors: Groot M. J. , Schilt R. , Ossenkoppele J. S. , Berende P. L. M. , Haasnoot W. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThis study investigates the influence of low dosages of β‐agonists combined with other growth promoters on screening and confirmation methods in male veal calves. Five groups of four calves were treated for 6 weeks with combinations of low dosages of β‐agonists (βAG, clenbuterol, mabuterol and mapenterol, 0.4μg/kg each twice daily) in combination with 17β‐estradiol (E2, 5mg per animal per 14 days), methylthiouracil (MTU, 2.857 mg/kg bw twice daily) and dexamethasone (DEX, 4 mg per animal per 10 days during the last 20 days of treatment). Another group of four untreated animals served as controls. The weight and size of the thymus was reduced in the DEX group, the MTU group showed enlarged thyroids. Histologically the prostates showed vacuolar degeneration in the βAG animals and metaplasia in the E2 group. Some vacuolization was also observed in the controls. The testis showed impaired development in all treatment groups, E2 leading to the most severe changes. DEX led to cortical atrophy of the thymus. MTU induced hyperplastic changes in the thyroid. These results indicate that comedication does not markedly affect the histological changes induced in the hormonal target tissues. For screening purposes histology of the prostate can be used as a marker for oestrogens, whereas the weight of the thymus and thyroid can be used as an indication for the use of corticosteroids and thyreostatics, respectively. Vacuolization in the prostate appeared no reliable indication for β‐agonists. Samples of urine, faeces, liver and eye (retina/choroid) were analysed for β‐agonists. E2 significanthy increased the levels of all β‐agonists in the liver and faeces, whereas DEX significantly reduced these levels. These observations show that additional medication with different groups of growth prómoters can markedly alter the excretion of β‐agonists and thus influence (regulatory) control.
Epidemiology of Bovine Virus Diarrhoea in Cattle on Communal Alpine Pastures in Switzerland
Authors: BRAUN U. , SCHÖNMANN M. , EHRENSPERGER F. , HILBE M. , BRUNNER D. , STÄRK K. D. C. , GIGER T. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe goal of this study was to determine the influence of communal pasturing on the spread of bovine virus divrhoea (BVD). The investigation involved 990 Swiss Bnunvieh cattle from 149 different owners on seven communal pastures in the Swiss Alps. Prior to pasturing blood samples were collected from all animals for examination for BVD antigen and antibodies. Serological examinations were also performed during and after pasturing to determine possible increases in seroprevalence and to determine whether seroprevalence was different on pastures with and without persistently infected cattle. At the start of pasturing, nine (0.9%) animals were persistently viraemic. On three alpine pastures, no persistently viraemic animals were detected. The prevalence of persistently infected cattle on the remaining four pastures varied from 0.3 to 3.9%.Of the 990 animals tested at the statt of pasturing, 632 (63.3%) were seropositive. Seroprevdence differed among pastures and varied from 21.8 to 85.9%. During the summer, seroprevalence increased on all pastures surveyed, and at the end of the pasture season, 778 (80.1%) of the 971 cattle that were examined twice were seropositive. The incidence of seroconversion was significantly hqher on pastures with persistently infected cattle compared with those without; it ranged from 32.7 to 100.0% in the former and from 6.0 to 22.2 in the latter.The results of this study suggest that communal alpine pasturing does play a role in the spread of BVD. The extent of this role depends on the presence of persistently infected animals.
Distribution of Histamine in Laying Hen Ovary
Authors: Paczoska‐Eliasiewicz H. , Rza̧sa J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn a laying hen, histamine was found to be present in all compartments of the ovary, i.e. stroma with follicles <1 mm, small white (1–4 mm), large white (4–8 mm), atretic white, yellow preovulatory (8–35 mm) and postovulatory follicles. Stroma containing non‐yolky follicles exhibited the highest histamine concentration (6080 ± 331 ng/g wet wt. tissue) which differed significantly (P < 0.01) from histamine levels observed in all examined classes of ovarian follicles. High histamine concentration was found in small, large and atretic white follicles as well as in older postovulatory follicles whereas low levels of fistamine contained yellow preovulatory and younger postovulatory follicles. Population of yolky white follicles presented significant (P < 0.01) differences in histamine level among small (4280 ± 333), atretic (2940 ± 193) and large (2010 ± 110 ng/g) follicles. Within hierarchy of yellow preovulatory (F7‐F1) follicles initial decrease in histamine concentration, from 859.3 ± 51.5 ng/g in F7 follicle to 363.9 ± 28.3 ng/g in F4 follicle, was followed by the increase as follicle matured, reaching the highest level in F1 follicle (711.4 ± 35.9 ng/g). In postovulatory (P1‐P5) follicles histamine concentration gradually increased as they were getting older, from 604.3 ± 49.3 ng/g in P1 follicle to 2253 ± 197 ng/g in P5 follicle. Determination of histamine in relation to ovulation revealed significant (P < 0.01) difference both in histamine concentration and content between the largest preovulatory F1 follicle and the largest postovulatory P1 follicle, being 0.5 h before and 0.5 h after ovulation, respectively. It is suggested that in chicken, ovarian histamine may play a role in the follicular development and/or the ovulatory process.
Effect of Citric Acid Supplements to a Maize‐Soya Diet on the in vitro Availability of Minerals, Trace Elements, and Heavy Metals
Authors: Walter A. , Rjmbach G. , Most E. , Pallauf J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of increasing supplements of citric acid (CTA) on the in vitro availability of minerals (Ca, Mg), trace elements (Mn, Zn) and heavy metals (Pb, Cd). Phytaterich diets (0.8%) based on maize, soybean meal, corn starch and soybean oil (containing 5.0 g Ca, 1.2 g Mg, 50 mg Mn, 22 mg Zn, 10 mg Pb and 5 mg Cd per kg diet) were supplemented with 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4% of CTA. All diets were treated in a multi‐enzyme in vitro system followed by equilibrium dialysis after peptic and pancreatic digestion. Under the conditions investigated, dietary addition of CTA enhanced dialysability of calcium, magnesium, manganese and zinc. Furthermore, a dose‐dependent increase of lead and cadmium dialysability due to CTA supplementations was evident.