bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A time course analysis of the extracellular proteome of Aspergillus nidulans growing on sorghum stover
Authors: Saykhedkar Sayali , Ray Anamika , Ayoubi-Canaan Patricia , Hartson Steven D , Prade Rolf , Mort Andrew J 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundFungi are important players in the turnover of plant biomass because they produce a broad range of degradative enzymes.Aspergillus nidulans,a well-studied saprophyte and close homologue to industrially important species such asA. nigerandA. oryzae, was selected for this study.ResultsA. nidulanswas grown on sorghum stover under solid-state culture conditions for 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days. Based on analysis of chitin content,A. nidulansgrew to be 4-5% of the total biomass in the culture after 2 days and then maintained a steady state of 4% of the total biomass for the next 12 days. A hyphal mat developed on the surface of the sorghum by day one and as seen by scanning electron microscopy the hyphae enmeshed the sorghum particles by day 5. After 14 days hyphae had penetrated the entire sorghum slurry. Analysis (1-D PAGE LC-MS/MS) of the secretome ofA. nidulans, and analysis of the breakdown products from the sorghum stover showed a wide range of enzymes secreted. A total of 294 extracellular proteins were identified with hemicellulases, cellulases, polygalacturonases, chitinases, esterases and lipases predominating the secretome. Time course analysis revealed a total of 196, 166, 172 and 182 proteins on day 1, 3, 7 and 14 respectively. The fungus used 20% of the xylan and cellulose by day 7 and 30% by day 14. Cellobiose dehydrogenase, feruloyl esterases, and CAZy family 61 endoglucanases, all of which are thought to reduce the recalcitrance of biomass to hydrolysis, were found in high abundance.ConclusionsOur results show thatA. nidulanssecretes a wide array of enzymes to degrade the major polysaccharides and lipids (but probably not lignin) by 1 day of growth on sorghum. The data suggests simultaneous breakdown of hemicellulose, cellulose and pectin. Despite secretion of most of the enzymes on day 1, changes in the relative abundances of enzymes over the time course indicates that the set of enzymes secreted is tailored to the specific substrates available. Our findings reveal that A. nidulansis capable of degrading the major polysaccharides in sorghum without any chemical pre-treatment.
Therapeutic and toxic blood concentrations of nearly 1,000 drugs and other xenobiotics
Authors: Schulz Martin , Iwersen-Bergmann Stefanie , Andresen Hilke , Schmoldt Achim 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Introduction
In order to assess the significance of drug levels measured in intensive care medicine, clinical and forensic toxicology, as well as for therapeutic drug monitoring, it is essential that a comprehensive collection of data is readily available. Therefore, it makes sense to offer a carefully referenced compilation of therapeutic and toxic plasma concentration ranges, as well as half-lives, of a large number of drugs and other xenobiotics for quick and comprehensive information.

Methods
Data have been abstracted from original papers and text books, as well as from previous compilations, and have been completed with data collected in our own forensic and clinical toxicology laboratory. The data presented in the table and corresponding annotations have been developed over the past 20 years and longer. A previous compilation has been completely revised and updated. In addition, more than 170 substances, especially drugs that have been introduced to the market since 2003 as well as illegal drugs, which became known to cause intoxications, were added. All data were carefully referenced and more than 200 new references were included. Moreover, the annotations providing details were completely revised and more than 100 annotations were added.

Results
For nearly 1,000 drugs and other xenobiotics, therapeutic ("normal") and, if data were available, toxic and comatose-fatal blood-plasma concentrations and elimination half-lives were compiled in a table.

Conclusions
In case of intoxications, the concentration of the ingested substances and/or metabolites in blood plasma better predicts the clinical severity of the case when compared to the assumed amount and time of ingestion. Comparing and contrasting the clinical case against the data provided, including the half-life, may support the decision for or against further intensive care. In addition, the data provided are useful for the therapeutic monitoring of pharmacotherapies, to facilitate the diagnostic assessment and monitoring of acute and chronic intoxications, and to support forensic and clinical expert opinions.
Genome and low-iron response of an oceanic diatom adapted to chronic iron limitation
Authors: Lommer Markus , Specht Michael , Roy Alexandra-Sophie , Kraemer Lars , Andreson Reidar , Gutowska Magdalena A , Wolf Juliane , Bergner Sonja V , Schilhabel Markus B , Klostermeier Ulrich C , Beiko Robert G , Rosenstiel Philip , Hippler Michael , LaRoche Julie 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Background
Biogeochemical elemental cycling is driven by primary production of biomass via phototrophic phytoplankton growth, with 40% of marine productivity being assigned to diatoms. Phytoplankton growth is widely limited by the availability of iron, an essential component of the photosynthetic apparatus. The oceanic diatom Thalassiosira oceanica shows a remarkable tolerance to low-iron conditions and was chosen as a model for deciphering the cellular response upon shortage of this essential micronutrient.

Results
The combined efforts in genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics reveal an unexpected metabolic flexibility in response to iron availability for T. oceanica CCMP1005. The complex response comprises cellular retrenchment as well as remodeling of bioenergetic pathways, where the abundance of iron-rich photosynthetic proteins is lowered, whereas iron-rich mitochondrial proteins are preserved. As a consequence of iron deprivation, the photosynthetic machinery undergoes a remodeling to adjust the light energy utilization with the overall decrease in photosynthetic electron transfer complexes.

Conclusions
Beneficial adaptations to low-iron environments include strategies to lower the cellular iron requirements and to enhance iron uptake. A novel contribution enhancing iron economy of phototrophic growth is observed with the iron-regulated substitution of three metal-containing fructose-bisphosphate aldolases involved in metabolic conversion of carbohydrates for enzymes that do not contain metals. Further, our data identify candidate components of a high-affinity iron-uptake system, with several of the involved genes and domains originating from duplication events. A high genomic plasticity, as seen from the fraction of genes acquired through horizontal gene transfer, provides the platform for these complex adaptations to a low-iron world.
REVIEWS
Authors: Radner Hilary , Warner Helen 
Published: July 2012

Hollywood Catwalk: Exploring Costume and Transformation in American Film, Tamar Jeffers McDonald (2010) London/New York: I.B. Tauris, xii, 240 pp., ISBN 978-1848850408, Paperback, £16.99
Neo-Feminist Cinema: Girly Films, Chick Flicks and Consumer Culture, Hilary Radner (2011)
London: Routledge, ISBN13: 978-0-415-87774-9, RRP£23.99 221 pp.
Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation During Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer: A Critical Review
Authors: Datta Mridul , Schwartz Gary G. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe the prevalence of bone loss with androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer.Discuss the possible increased risk of cardiovascular disease and of advanced prostate cancer with high calcium intake.
CME This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com

Background.
Loss of bone mineral density is an unintended consequence of androgen deprivation therapy in men with prostate cancer. Supplementation with calcium and/or vitamin D in these men seems logical and is advocated by many lay and professional groups.

Methods.
We reviewed guidelines for calcium and vitamin D supplementation and the results of clinical trials of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone mineral density in men with prostate cancer undergoing androgen deprivation therapy.

Results.
Whether supplementation of men undergoing androgen deprivation therapy with calcium and/or vitamin D results in higher bone mineral density than no supplementation has not been tested. The results of 12 clinical trials show that, at the doses commonly recommended, 500–1,000 mg calcium and 200–500 IU vitamin D per day, men undergoing androgen deprivation lose bone mineral density.

Conclusion.
The doses of calcium and vitamin D that have been tested are inadequate to prevent loss of bone mineral density in men undergoing androgen deprivation therapy. In light of evidence that high levels of dietary calcium and calcium supplement use are associated with higher risks for cardiovascular disease and advanced prostate cancer, intervention studies should evaluate the safety as well as the efficacy of calcium and vitamin D supplementation in these men.
A plastic design theory for reinforced and prestressed concrete shell roofs
Authors: Baker A. L. L. 
Published: July 2012

Summary: A theory is proposed which provides a simple method for designing shell roofs, including prestressed shells. This method takes into account the effect of the plasticity and cracking of the concrete as the ultimate load is approached. The theory considers two possible limits of shear stress distribution across a transverse section, and it is shown that the bending moment does not vary greatly between these limits. The theory is intended as a basis for experimental work which is to be carried out in the near future at Imperial College.
Comparison of the behaviour of concrete beams under static and dynamic loading
Authors: Trott J. J. , Fox E. N. 
Published: July 2012

Summary This paper describes preliminary experiments to determine whether or not the rate of loading significantly affects the mechanical properties of concrete beams tested in flexure. Two rates of loading were used: 5xl0-7 in/in.s, the rate employed in normal mechanical tests; about 6 x 10-2 in./in.s when the beams were tested under impact conditions. This change of the rate of loading produced the following results: the load at fracture rose from static values of 749 and 792 lb to dynamic values of 990, 1,050 and 1,115 lb; the strain at fracture rose from static values of 185 and 243 μin./in. to 200, 287, and 293 μin./in. under impact conditions; the approximately linear portion of the load-strain line became curved at dynamic strains of 130 and 180μ in./in. compared with static values of 69 and 85 μin./in.—the corresponding loads were 720 and 900 lb compared with static values of 395 and 530 lb. If the onset of cracking is associated with the departure from linearity of the stress-strain curve, it appears that increase in the rate of loading markedly effects the strain at which cracking begins.
Application of a Newly Developed Workflow to Design and Optimize MRC and Smart Well Completions
Authors: Shenawi S. , Hidayat W. , Shammari M. , Nasser K. , Faleh A. , Nahdi U. , Ghuwaidi Y. , Mekki N. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
It is challenging to find optimal well placement and completion design for maximum reservoir contact (MRC) wells in heterogeneous oil and gas reservoirs. Saudi Aramco initiated a new workflow in collaboration with a service company, to achieve such objectives based on integrated software packages of Petrel™ and Saudi Aramco's POWERS™ simulator. This workflow can conduct simulation runs optimizing well architecture, smart completions with inflow control devices (ICD/ICV), lateral and vertical shift of the well, to obtain maximum oil and gas recovery applying sensitivity and optimization algorithms. The new workflow proved to have robust functionality and provided significant cost savings and optimal oil and gas recovery.
Three case studies are discussed in this paper. The new workflow assessed the proposed side track and concluded that it was not a good option due to faster water influx from the west flank. This workflow moved the side track lateral to 207 meters to the east and designed to equip the well with ICD and blank pipes. The optimized side track provided 50% more oil recovery than the well that was not moved.
The second case was to propose the best location and complex well design for a dual-lateral maintain potential well. The most sensitive parameters were moving the well to the north and vertical locations, motherbore's length and oil rates. Shifting dual laterals to 750 meters north, optimized ICDs, and 1750-meter motherbore length provided double the cumulative oil production than the single well manually designed and completed.
The third case discusses a tri-lateral well optimization for an oil field that is under development. Based on the sensitivity analysis and shifting well locations have the most significant impact to provide higher oil recovery and delayed water breakthrough for several years.
Effect of the working liquid compressibility on the picture of volumetric and mechanical losses in a high pressure displacement pump used in a hydrostatic drive
Authors: Paszota Zygmunt 
Published: July 2012

Effect of the working liquid compressibility on the picture of volumetric and mechanical losses in a high pressure displacement pump used in a hydrostatic drive
Working liquid compressibility may considerably change the values and proportions of coefficients of volumetric and mechanical energy losses in the displacement pump used in a hydrostatic drive system. This effect can be particularly seen in the operation under high pressure and also in the system, where aeration of the working liquid can occur. In the Part I a diagram is presented, proposed by the author, of power increase in a hydrostatic drive system (hydraulic motor, pump) opposite to the direction of power flow, replacing the Sankey diagram of power decrease in the direction of power flow. Mathematical model is presented of volumetric losses in the pump and its laboratory verification.
Cytogenetic and Morphological Analysis of De Novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Adults: A Single Center Study in Jordan
Authors: Ayesh M , Khassawneh B , Matalkah I , Alawneh K , Jaradat S 
Published: July 2012

Cytogenetic and Morphological Analysis of De Novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Adults: A Single Center Study in JordanAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) in adults is known to be a heterogeneous disease with diverse chromosomal abnormalities. Some of these abnormalities are found with a high incidence in specific ethnic groups and in certain geographical areas. We report the results of cytogenetic studies of 35 adult Jordanian Arab patients withde novoAML diagnosed according to the French-American-British (FAB) criteria. Four patients did not have metaphases secondary to hypocellular bone marrow. The most common morphological subtype was M5 (55%) followed by M3 (19%). Cytogenetic abnormalities were present in 20 patients (65%); t(15;17) translocation in six patients (19%), inv(16) in four patients (13%), t(11;17) in two patients (4%), and the t(8;21) translocation was not present in any patient. Trisomy 8 was the most common numerical chromosomal abnormality [four patients (13%)].There were variations and similarities with similar ethninc Arab populations. The most common chromosomal abnormalities were t(15;17), +8 and inv(16). Further and larger crossborder studies are needed.
Mitochondrial DNA 4977 bp Deletion in Chronic Cervicitis and Cervix Cancers
Authors: Kara M , Tatar A , Borekci B , Dagli F , Oztas S 
Published: July 2012

Mitochondrial DNA 4977 bp Deletion in Chronic Cervicitis and Cervix CancersMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations have been implied in many diseases including cancer and inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the 4977 bp deletion of the mtDNA and chronic cervicitis or cervix cancer in patients. The study included a group of patients with chronic cervicitis or cervix cancer, and a control group consisting of individuals without any cervical tissue disease. A total of 72 subjects in an East Turkish population were included in the study. Of these, 35 had chronic cervicitis, 21 had cervix cancer and 16 served as the control group. Isolation of mtDNA was performed from the tissues of these patients and then mtDNA deletions were studied using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the cancer groups, there were 9.5% heteroplasmic and homoplasmic deletions. There were no homoplasmic deletions in the cervicitis and control groups, but the frequencies of heteroplasmic deletions were 80.0 and 31.2%, respectively. Chronic inflammation leading to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be the cause of the high mtDNA 4977 bp deletion frequencies in cancer and cervicitis. The older age of the cancer patient may suggest that ageing in addition to long time exposure to ROS may lead to deletions and subsequently cancer. This is the first study to investigate the relationship of the mtDNA 4977 bp deletion to chronic cervicitis and cervix cancer.
The Many Faces of Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome
Authors: Sukarova-Angelovska E , Angelkova N , Palcevska-Kocevska S , Kocova M 
Published: July 2012

The Many Faces of Oral-Facial-Digital SyndromeThe oral-facial-digital (OFD) syndrome is a heterogeneous group of abnormalities that share anomalies of the oral cavity, face and digits of hands and feet. On the basis of other anomalies of brain, kidneys, limbs, eyes and other organs, at least 13 subgroups have been described. We here describe four unrelated patients with this syndrome, who have the typical facial, oral and digital anomalies and also anomalies of other organs and systems. Facial features, digital malformations, as well as the existence of additional malformations all of which can be classified into different subgroups. The report points out the difficulty in delineation of the subtypes of OFD syndrome because of the overlapping features between OFD subgroups.
Muscle Hemangiomatosis Presenting as a Severe Feature in a Patient with the Pten Mutation: Expanding the Phenotype of Vascular Malformations in Bannayan-Riley-ruvalcaba Syndrome
Authors: Soysal Y , Acun T , Lourenço C , Marques W , Yakıcıer M 
Published: July 2012

Muscle Hemangiomatosis Presenting as a Severe Feature in a Patient with the Pten Mutation: Expanding the Phenotype of Vascular Malformations in Bannayan-Riley-ruvalcaba SyndromeBannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome (BRRS) is a rare autosomal, dominantly-inherited, hamartoma syndrome with distinct phenotypic features. Mutations in the PTEN gene have been identified in PTEN hamartoma tumor syndromes. Our aim was to determine the correlation of phenotype-genotype relationships in a BRRS case. We have evaluated a PTEN mutation in a patient with vascular anomalies and the phenotypic findings of BRRS. We described an 8-year-old girl with the clinical features of BRRS, specifically with vascular anomalies. The mutation in the PTEN gene was identified by DNA sequencing. In our patient, we defined a de novo nonsense R335X (c.1003 C>T) mutation in exon 8, which results in a premature termination codon. Due to vascular anomalies and hemangioma, the patient's left leg was amputated 1 year after the hemangioma diagnosis. Bannayan - Riley - Ruvalcaba syndrome patients with macrocephaly and vascular anomalies should be considered for PTEN mutation analysis and special medical care.
Direct-Drive Synchronous Generators with Excitation from Strontium-Ferrite Magnets: Efficiency Improvement
Authors: Serebryakov A. , Levin N. , Sokolov A. 
Published: July 2012

Direct-Drive Synchronous Generators with Excitation from Strontium-Ferrite Magnets: Efficiency Improvement
The authors consider the possibility to raise the specific power of synchronous generators with excitation from inexpensive permanent magnets. For this purpose, it is proposed to use tooth-wise windings and permanent magnets based on inexpensive magneto-hard material, e.g. strontium-ferrite. The magnets are to be placed between the rotor teeth, the alternate polarity of which is facing the air-gap. This provides a simpler and cheaper technology of making such a generator and improves its reliability. The proposed rational bevelling of the stator teeth not only raises the specific power of the generator but also reduces the level of noise and vibrations, extends the longevity of the magnets and bearings as well as facilitates the starting torque of the electric machine, e.g. if it is employed as wind generator.
The Global Transformation of Belly Dancing: A Cross-Cultural Investigation of Counter-Hegemonic Responses
Authors: Popp Ashley M. , Yen Chia-Ju 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe first part of this study, explored by Ashley Popp, presents an investigation into a relatively unexamined area of physical education: an analysis of a transcultural phenomenon in the history of dance. Data has been collected from primary sources and archival evidence to assess competing ideologies inherent in the transformation of a particular art form. In the analysis of the cultural migration through which belly dance was transferred from the Middle East to the United States, an adaptive reaction to the hegemonic relationships of culture, race, gender, and class has been observed. Beyond performance aesthetics, links have been made between the act of belly dancing and the building of women’s self-esteem, as researched by Chia-Ju Yen. The main purpose of her study was to explore how facial burn patients cope with disfigurement and the unfriendly attitudes of others, and examines the alteration of body image via inspiration provided by the performance of belly dance. This research was conducted from the perspective of an anthropologically thickdescription research method, and a case study was performed using in-depth interviews, including narratives by a woman who had suffered facial injuries. The results of the research showed that through family support, hard work and a decisive and studious personality, the patient was able to cope with the discriminatory attitude of others. The performance of belly dance not only made her emphasize her body, but also enriched her life.
Free Time versus Occupied and Unoccupied Time in a Philosophical Context
Authors: Kosiewicz Jerzy 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn the paper, previous conceptions of free time and the various definitions that are connected with it are challenged. The author assumed that the subject might not have free time at his/her disposal, because that time does not concern the subject at all. The subject did not have free time in the past; the subject can neither shape it in the present nor in the future. Free time does not concern him/her at all, because free time as such does not exist at all. We have only to do with occupied and unoccupied time. The first form of time concerns the past and the present. Future time is not occupied both in that sense that it does not exist yet and that it never exists. Moreover, the author considers the existence, understanding, and possibility of the cognition of time as such. Thus, he rejects various common theories of time. He refers to the Kantian, subjective, “self-related” conception of time and he attempts to strengthen it with the Heideggerian transcendental theory of time. According to the author, it is derived from, among other things, the considerations on being done by some of the ancient philosophers: Anaximander, Pythagoras and his followers, Parmenides, Plato, and Aristotle.