bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A model for the quantitative electromagnetic analysis of an infinitely long solenoid with a laminated core
Authors: Zadehgol Ata , Cangellaris Andreas C. , Chapman Patrick L. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe present a semi‐analytical model for the quantitative investigation of the electromagnetic fields inside an infinitely long solenoid of rectangular cross section with planar laminated core comprised of interlaid dielectric and magnetic sheets. The model is based on a mathematical formulation of the electromagnetic boundary value problem inside the core as the superposition of two boundary value problems, one amenable to a closed‐form solution using separation of variables, and one amenable to a physics‐driven approximation in terms of an auxiliary problem that also lends itself to a closed‐form solution. The understanding of the underlying physics that is responsible for field penetration inside the laminate core beyond the limits imposed by the skin effect in homogeneous magnetic cores is facilitated by the solutions of these two boundary value problems. The model lends itself to the expedient quantitative assessment of the impact of laminate composition and core dimensions on the per‐unit‐length inductance and resistance of the solenoid and their variation with frequency. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stromal cell‐derived factor‐1 promotes migration of cells from the upper rhombic lip in cerebellar development
Authors: Yu Tao , Huang Hai , Li Hui‐Fang 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDuring cerebellar development, the chemokine stromal cell‐derived factor‐1α (SDF‐1α) has been shown to play an important role in recruiting cells from the upper rhombic lip (URL) and external granule cell layer (EGL). However, its function in cerebellar development is still poorly understood. Our results have demonstrated that SDF‐1 is necessary for EGL development, and URL cells stream to the SDF‐1 source in vitro. Results of embryonic URL explant assays and transwell assays indicated that SDF‐1 induces neural cell migration from the URL region in chemotactic and chemokinetic responses. The time‐lapse results showed that the migration speed of granule cell progenitors out of the URL was accelerated by the addition of recombinant SDF‐1α. Collectively, our study shows that SDF‐1 increases the motility of URL cells in the absence of a gradient and promotes the migration of granule cell progenitors during cerebellar development. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trend detection in rainfall and evaluation of standardized precipitation index as a drought assessment index for rice–wheat productivity over IGR in India
Authors: Subash N. , Ram Mohan H. S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe frequency and intensity of meteorological droughts over the Indo‐Gangetic Region (IGR) of India pertaining to the rice crop during kharif season (June to July to October to November) and the wheat crop during the rabi season (November to December to March) were assessed using the standardized precipitation index (SPI). The monthly distribution of rainfall is more crucial than the cumulative seasonal rainfall on rice–wheat (RW) productivity. Consequently, an attempt was made to measure the effectiveness of using monthly SPI from June to September to assess drought on RW productivity over five major RW growing states of IGR in India. An attempt is also made to test the use of monthly SPI for the early kharif rice and rabi wheat forecasts for these states. The long‐term (1906–2005) mean annual rainfall of IGR is 1099.1 mm with a standard deviation of 115.7 mm and a coefficient of variation of 10.5%. It was observed that the kharif rice productivity index and monthly SPI from June to September have a significant (R2 = 0.44) multiple regression at 0.001 level over IGR. It was also observed that in the Indo‐Gangetic Region, the wheat productivity index and monthly SPI (June to September) have an insignificant (R2 = 0.21) multiple regression. It indicated that the monthly distribution of monsoon rainfall in terms of the SPI accounted for 44% yield variability in rice and 21% yield variability in wheat. Thus, these indices may be used for forecasting the productivity of the RW system over IGR states in India. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Photoassimilate allocation and dynamics of hotspots in roots visualized by 14C phosphor imaging
Authors: Pausch Johanna , Kuzyakov Yakov 
Published: June 2010

AbstractUnderstanding photoassimilate allocation into the roots and the release of organic substances from the roots into the rhizosphere is an important prerequisite for characterizing the belowground C input, the spatial and temporal distribution of C, and the interactions between plants and soil microorganisms. Based on 14C phosphor imaging, we visualized the allocation of assimilates into Lolium perenne roots and estimated the life time of hotspots at the root tips.Lolium shoots were labeled in a 14CO2 atmosphere, and herbariums of roots and shoots were prepared 6 h, 2 d, and 11 d after the 14C pulse. The 14C distribution in roots and leaves revealed that pulse labeling does not yield homogeneously labeled plant material. The spatial distribution of assimilate allocation was evaluated based on the 14C specific activity expressed as digital light units (DLU mm–2) of the imaging plates. Areas with high relative 14C activity were classified as hotspots. Strong 14C hotspots were detected mainly at the root tips already 6 h after the 14C assimilation, and they remained active for at least 2 d. Eleven days after the 14C assimilation, the hotspots at the root tips disappeared and the 14C distribution was much more even than after 6 h or after 2 d.14C phosphor imaging proved to be a promising tool to visualize the allocation of photoassimilates into the roots and the rhizosphere and can be used to identify hotspots and their dynamics.
Effect of ammonium or nitrate nutrition on photosynthesis, growth, and nitrogen assimilation in tomato plants
Authors: Horchani Faouzi , Hajri Rim , Aschi‐Smiti Samira 
Published: June 2010

AbstractNitrogen (N) is taken up by most plant species in the form of nitrate (NO$ _3^- $) or ammonium (NH$ _4^+ $). Plant response to continuous NH$ _4^+ $ nutrition is species‐dependent. In this study, we compare the responses of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Rio Grande) plants to N source (NO$ _3^- $ or NH$ _4^+ $). To this end, early plant growth, photosynthesis, chlorophyll, carbohydrate, and N‐compound concentrations as well as the activities of main enzymes involved in N metabolism (nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate dehydrogenase) were analyzed. Early plant growth was remarkably ameliorated under NH$ _4^+ $‐ in comparison to NO$ _3^- $‐based nutrition. Concomitantly, photosynthetic activity, total chlorophyll, and carbohydrate concentrations were significantly increased. With increasing external NH$ _4^+ $ concentration, NH$ _4^+ $ accumulated mainly in roots. In addition, root protein concentration was significantly increased, reflecting high NH$ _4^+ $ incorporation into organic nitrogen. Root glutamine synthetase (GS) activity was enhanced by NH$ _4^+ $ for concentrations below 5 mM, whereas root glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity increased in parallel to NH$ _4^+ $ availability. Together with the positive effect of NH$ _4^+ $ on tomato plant cv. Rio Grande growth, these results reveal that GDH could have, in addition to GS, a possible role in NH$ _4^+ $ detoxification and tolerance of NH$ _4^+ $‐based nutrition.
‘Gay’ tourists and host community attitudes
Authors: Hughes Howard , Monterrubio Juan Carlos , Miller Amanda 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDespite the growing interest in tourism by gay men, there is little evidence (other than journalistic) of host communities' views towards such tourists. This paper describes a study of such views in a small Mexican beach destination popular with gay tourists. The village is also popular with heterosexual visitors and is known for nude bathing and drug consumption. Interviews were undertaken with a number of residents and revealed disapproval of the gay tourists. This was attributed by residents to overt sexual behaviour, and although there was no evident homophobia, it is postulated that this underlay the attitudes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single‐stage laryngotracheal reconstruction using bioabsorbable miniplates
Authors: Sprecher Robert C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The goal is to review the efficacy and safety of bioabsorbable miniplates as an alternative to autologous grafts in single‐stage laryngotracheal reconstruction for subglottic stenosis.Study Design:Case series.Methods:A standard approach to the laryngotracheal complex is performed. The cricoid cartilage and first two tracheal rings are incised vertically, including the tracheostoma if present. A poly‐L‐lactic‐acid‐polyglycolic‐acid bioabsorbable miniplate was cut to an approximate 1‐ to 1.5‐cm length and 3‐ to 4‐mm width, and placed over the cricoid defect. This plate was sutured in place using 4‐0 undyed nylon sutures, securing the plate at each end to the cricoid cartilage. Care was taken to place these sutures submucosally in the tracheal lumen. If there was concern for suprastomal collapse, additional plates were placed inferiorly. The patient was taken back to the intensive care unit with a penrose drain in place and left sedated and intubated for 1 week and then re‐evaluated in the operating room.Results:The procedure has been performed on 10 patients. All patients had a well‐healed and fully mucosalized anterior tracheal wall with no evidence of plate or suture exposure at the time of extubation. There were no postoperative complications directly attributable to the use of the absorbable plate. All patients were successfully decannulated at the time of discharge. Long‐term follow‐up ranges from 14 to 63 months. No patients have required revision laryngotracheal reconstruction or repeat tracheostomy.Conclusions:This study demonstrates that the use of bioabsorbable plates in select patients is a safe and effective alternative to the use of autologous cartilage grafts for single‐stage laryngotracheal reconstruction for anterior subglottic stenosis. Donor site morbidity is eliminated, and operative time is decreased. Laryngoscope, 2010
Modifications of the midline mandibulotomy for access to the parapharyngeal space
Authors: Jungehuelsing Markus , Guntinas‐Lichius Orlando , Klussmann Jens Peter , Eckel Hans Edmund , Stennert Eberhard 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWhen considering a mandibular osteotomy for access to resect a parapharyngeal neoplasm, the following goals should be considered: preservation of the facial nerve, complete removal of the neoplasm without tumor rupture, maintenance of the preoperative teeth occlusion, acceptable temporomandibular joint function, functional preservation of the inferior alveolar nerve sensation, and satisfying aesthetic results. We propose a modified median osteotomy technique, which combines the advantages of sufficient exposition of the tumor with very good functional and aesthetic results. A case series of nine patients suffering from extended pleomorphic adenomas of the inner lobe of the parotid gland is presented. Laryngoscope, 2010
Parameters quantifying dehydration in canine vocal fold lamina propria
Authors: Hanson Kevin P. , Zhang Yu , Jiang Jack J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The goal of this study was to measure the solid and liquid volume and mass of canine vocal fold lamina propria tissue at varying dehydration levels, and to calculate parameters to test the biphasic theory of vocal fold physiology and biomechanics.Study Design:Open, controlled, experimental trial.Methods:The vocal fold lamina propria was dissected from 15 canine larynges, yielding 30 tissue samples. The initial volumes and masses of the tissue samples were measured. The masses of the tissue samples were then measured every 2 minutes during 30%, 50%, and 70% dehydration, with 10 samples subjected to each of the three treatments, followed by complete dehydration to yield the solid component of the tissue. The liquid mass and volume fractions and liquid:solid mass and volume ratios of the vocal fold lamina propria samples were calculated.Results:The liquid mass and volume fractions and liquid:solid mass and volume ratios were significantly different at each dehydration level, except for the liquid:solid volume ratios at 30% versus 50% dehydration. Linear regression analysis suggested that all of the solid and liquid parameters measured could be predicted by dehydration level based on inverse, linear relationships.Conclusions:These results provide further experimental evidence supporting the biphasic theory and suggest that the extent of vocal fold lamina propria tissue dehydration may be quantified based on the biphasic model parameters. Laryngoscope, 2010
Characteristics of chloride transport in nasal mucosa from patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia
Authors: Cho Do‐Yeon , Hwang Peter H. , Illek Beate 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is an inherited disorder that produces lifelong difficulties with chronic airway inflammation. Little is known about the role of chronic airway inflammation on chloride ion transport properties in PCD. This study assessed the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)‐regulated chloride (Cl) ion transport properties of freshly excised nasal mucosa from PCD compared with normal and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).Study Design:Electrophysiology study utilizing Ussing type hemi‐chamber technique with three different types of nasal tissue (normal, CRS, PCD) obtained from patients during endoscopic surgery at a tertiary referral center.Methods:Nasal tissues were examined under short‐circuit conditions, and gradient‐driven Cl currents were continuously recorded. The cAMP elevating agonist (forskolin) was added to stimulate cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator‐mediated Cl secretion. To prevent misinterpretation of flux measurement, Cl transport inhibitors were used at the end of all experiments. Basal Cl currents (ICl) and changes in ICl to forskolin (ΔICl) were compared between normal, CRS, and PCD nasal tissues.Results:Forskolin stimulated Cl currents across all different types of nasal epithelia. The Cl secretory response was effectively blocked by the Cl ion transport inhibitors. ICl were significantly higher in normals (155.0 ± 9.3 μA/cm2) compared to CRS (79.1 ± 15.0 μA/cm2) and PCD (70.9 ± 20.4 μA/cm2) (P = .005). ΔICl in CRS (14.8 ± 2.3 μA/cm2) and PCD (12.2 ± 2.4 μA/cm2) were markedly diminished compared to normals (28.3 ± 4.7 μA/cm2) (P = .024).Conclusions:PCD tissues were characterized by impaired ICl and ΔICl. Both parameters were reduced by 54.3% and 56.9% in PCD when compared to normals. Laryngoscope, 2010
Dynamic imaging of vocal fold oscillation with four‐dimensional optical coherence tomography
Authors: Kobler James B. , Chang Ernest W. , Zeitels Steven M. , Yun Seok‐Hyun 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can provide high‐resolution (∼10–15 μm/pixel) images of vocal fold microanatomy, as demonstrated previously. We explored physiologically triggered Fourier‐domain OCT for imaging vocal folds during phonation. The goal is to visualize dynamic histological cross sections and four‐dimensional data sets where multiple planes are displayed in synchronized motion. If feasible, this approach could be a useful research tool and spur development of new clinical instrumentation.Study Design:A Fourier‐domain, triggered OCT system was created and tested in experiments on excised calf larynges to obtain preliminary observations and characterize important factors affecting image quality.Methods:Larynges were imaged during phonation driven by warm, humidified air. A subglottal pressure signal was used to synchronize the OCT system with the phonatory cycle. Image sequences were recorded as functions of anatomical location or subglottal pressure. Implant materials were also imaged during vibration, both in isolation and after injection into a vocal fold.Results:Oscillations of epithelium and lamina propria were observed, and parameters such as shape, amplitude, and velocity of the vocal fold mucosal waves were found to be measurable. Ripples of mucosal wave as small as 100 μm in vertical height were clearly visible. Internal strain was also observed in normal and implanted vocal folds.Conclusions:Four‐dimensional OCT of the vocal fold may help to more directly relate biomechanics to anatomy and disease. It may also be useful for assaying the functional rheology of implants in the context of real tissue. With further development, this technology has potential for clinical endoscopic application. Laryngoscope, 2010
Audiological outcome of the pull‐back technique in cochlear implantees
Authors: Basta Dietmar , Todt Ingo , Ernst Arne 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The distance of the cochlear implant electrode contacts to the modiolus can be reduced by a surgical technique called “pull‐back.” This procedure changes the location of the fully inserted electrode array by moving the electrode out of the cochlea until the first silicon ring is visible in the cochleostomy. This leads to a more focused stimulation, which in turn could possibly improve hearing performance. The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of the pull‐back technique on frequency difference limens (FDL) and speech perception.Study Design:Double‐blind trial.Methods:Twelve pull‐back and 12 matched controls (matched by age, gender, duration of deafness, and duration of implant use) were used. Twenty‐four patients were implanted with the Nucleus‐24 Contour Advance array. In 12 patients the pull‐back technique was used and in 12 matched controls a standard insertion technique was applied. Twelve months after the initial stimulation speech perception, spread of neuronal excitation (SOE) at electrodes 5, 10, and 15; and FDLs at 1, 2, and 4 kHz were measured.Results:There was no significant difference of speech perception performance between the two groups. However, the mean FDL for the 4 kHz reference tone was significantly lower in the pull‐back group compared to the controls. The SOE was significantly reduced at basal, middle, and apical electrodes in the electrode pull‐back group.Conclusions:The pull‐back technique seems to have its greatest effect on perimodiolar position in the basal regions of the cochlea. Therefore, it is most likely to observe improved FDL in the 4 kHz region. Current speech recognition tests do not reflect the lower FDL. Laryngoscope, 2010
Changes in obstructive sleep apnea severity, biomarkers, and quality of life after multilevel surgery
Authors: Kezirian Eric J. , Malhotra Atul , Goldberg Andrew N. , White David P. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To evaluate the impact of multilevel obstructive sleep apnea surgical treatment on sleep‐disordered breathing severity, health‐related measures, and quality of life, and to examine the association between changes in sleep‐disordered breathing severity and these other outcomes.Study Design:Prospective cohort study.Methods:Subjects with obstructive sleep apnea unable to tolerate positive airway pressure therapy and with evidence of multilevel (palate and hypopharynx) obstruction underwent uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, tonsillectomy, and genioglossus advancement, with or without hyoid suspension. All subjects had preoperative and postoperative study assessments, including blood draw for C‐reactive protein, interleukin‐6, homocysteine, homeostasis model of insulin resistance, and leptin, and evaluation with the Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire.Results:Thirty subjects underwent multilevel surgical treatment. The mean apnea‐hypopnea index decreased from 44.9 ± 28.1 to 27.8 ± 26.4 events/hour (P = .008). Thirteen (43%) subjects in this heterogeneous sample achieved a response to surgery (defined as an apnea‐hypopnea index reduction of ≥50% to an absolute level <15 events/hour), and body mass index ≤32 kg/m2 was associated with a higher likelihood (55%, 12/22) of response (P = .04). There was no overall change in C‐reactive protein levels, but responders demonstrated a decrease (−1.02 ± 0.98 mg/L, P = .003) that was independent of changes in body weight. There were no significant changes in other health‐related measures. Responders and nonresponders both demonstrated improvements in sleep‐related quality of life.Conclusions:This multilevel surgery was associated with a low likelihood of response in subjects with body mass index >32 kg/m2. Responders had decreased C‐reactive protein levels that were independent of changes in body weight. Laryngoscope, 2010
Demographic disparities among children with frequent ear infections in the United States
Authors: Vakharia Kalpesh T. , Shapiro Nina L. , Bhattacharyya Neil 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To evaluate current racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in the prevalence of frequent ear infections (FEI) among children in the United States.Study Design:Cross‐sectional study.Methods:The National Health Interview Survey (years 1997 to 2006) was utilized to evaluate children who were reported by their parent/guardian to have “3 or more ear infections during the past 12 months.” Demographic variables evaluated included age, sex, race/ethnicity, income level, and insurance status. Multivariate analyses determined the influence of demographic variables on the prevalence of FEI in children.Results:Among an annualized population of 72.6 million children (average age, 8.55 ± 0.19 years), 4.65 ± 0.07 million children (6.6 ± 0.1%) reported FEI. FEI was more commonly reported in white (7.0 ± 0.1%) and Hispanic (6.2 ± 0.2%) than in black (5.0 ± 0.2%) and other race/ethnic groups (4.5 ± 0.3%, P < .001). A larger portion of children in households below the poverty level reported FEI (8.0 ± 0.3%, P < .001). Of children with no health insurance 5.4 ± 0.3% had FEI. On multivariate analysis, black, Hispanic and other race/ethnic group had decreased odds ratio for FEI relative to white children (odds ratios: 0.63, 0.76, and 0.60, respectively, all P < .001). Income below poverty level also predicted FEI (odds ratio, 1.322, P < .001), whereas lack of insurance coverage did not (P = .181).Conclusions:Despite increasing awareness, there are still notable racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities among children with FEI. Further efforts to eliminate these disparities and improve the care of children with FEI are needed. Laryngoscope, 2010