bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Job satisfaction of nurses in a Saudi Arabian university teaching hospital: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: AL‐Dossary R. , Vail J. , Macfarlane F. 
Published: March 2012

AL‐DOSSARY R., VAIL J. & MACFARLANE F. (2012) Job satisfaction of nurses in a Saudi Arabian university teaching hospital: a cross‐sectional study. International Nursing Review59, 424–430Background:  Saudi Arabia is developing very fast in all disciplines, especially in nursing and health. Only about five studies between 1990 and 2010 have been undertaken in Saudi Arabia concerning factors influencing job satisfaction of nurses, although a body of knowledge exists globally.Aim:  The purpose of this research was to measure nurses' job satisfaction in Saudi Arabia in a university teaching hospital and to determine the influencing factors.Methods:  A quantitative, cross sectional method, self‐administered questionnaire was used for this study. A systematic sample of N = 189 nurses was used to collect data. The SPSS version 16.0. was used to analyze the data. An independent t‐test and one‐way analysis of variance were used to test hypotheses concerning different groups, and correlation tests (the Pearson's and Spearman's rank tests) were used to examine relationships between variables.Results:  Overall, nurses were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied with their jobs. However, nurses indicated satisfaction with supervision, co‐workers and nature of work. The sources of dissatisfaction were with subscales such as pay, fringe benefits, contingent rewards and operating conditions.Conclusion:  These findings indicate that there is a need to increase nurses' salaries and bonuses for extra duties. More training programmes and further education also should be encouraged for all nurses. Therefore, it is imperative that nursing managers and policy makers in Saudi Arabia consider these findings to improve nurses' job satisfaction.
Impact of breast cancer patients' awareness on attendance at screening
Authors: Shieh S.‐H. , Chen H.‐C. , Tsai W.‐C. , Kuo S.‐Y. , Tsai Y.‐F. , Lu C.‐H. 
Published: March 2012

SHIEH S.‐H., CHEN H.‐C., TSAI W.‐C., KUO S.‐Y., TSAI Y.‐F. & LU C.‐H. (2012) Impact of breast cancer patients' awareness on attendance at screening. International Nursing Review59, 353–361Aim:  The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of breast cancer awareness on the attendance for screening among women with breast cancer prior to diagnoses of breast cancer.Background:  Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer for women in Taiwan and its incidence rate continues to increase. However, screening for breast cancer is still not common even if the incidence rate has topped the list from 2003 to 2010.Methods:  A cross‐sectional study was conducted among women diagnosed with breast cancer. Subjects (535 women) were recruited from two medical centres in central Taiwan. Information on attendance for breast cancer screening was collected by self‐report. Chi‐square test and logistic regression were utilized to analyse the relationships between awareness of breast cancer and attendance at screening.Findings:  The results indicated that pre‐diagnostic awareness of ‘the concept of early treatment relating to higher cure rate’[odds ratio (OR): 4.09; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12–14.9], ‘various breast cancer screening methods’ (OR:3.00; 95% CI: 1.23–7.30), ‘the coverage of breast cancer screening programme in the National Health Insurance’ (OR:1.76; 95% CI: 1.03–3.02) and ‘breast self‐examination after each menstrual cycle’ (OR:3.42; 95% CI: 1.99–5.87) were all significantly associated with the screening procedures performed.Conclusions:  Findings of this study indicated that particular attention should be paid towards enhancement of women's knowledge for prevention and early detection of breast cancer through educational efforts by nurse professionals, medical institutions and/or civil organizations.
Transformation of Mexican lime with an intron‐hairpin construct expressing untranslatable versions of the genes coding for the three silencing suppressors of Citrus tristeza virus confers complete resistance to the virus
Authors: Soler Nuria , Plomer Montserrat , Fagoaga Carmen , Moreno Pedro , Navarro Luis , Flores Ricardo , Peña Leandro 
Published: March 2012

SummaryCitrus tristeza virus (CTV), the causal agent of the most devastating viral disease of citrus, has evolved three silencing suppressor proteins acting at intra‐ (p23 and p20) and/or intercellular level (p20 and p25) to overcome host antiviral defence. Previously, we showed that Mexican lime transformed with an intron‐hairpin construct including part of the gene p23 and the adjacent 3′ untranslated region displays partial resistance to CTV, with a fraction of the propagations from some transgenic lines remaining uninfected. Here, we transformed Mexican lime with an intron‐hairpin vector carrying full‐length, untranslatable versions of the genes p25, p20 and p23 from CTV strain T36 to silence the expression of these critical genes in CTV‐infected cells. Three transgenic lines presented complete resistance to viral infection, with all their propagations remaining symptomless and virus‐free after graft inoculation with CTV‐T36, either in the nontransgenic rootstock or in the transgenic scion. Accumulation of transgene‐derived siRNAs was necessary but not sufficient for CTV resistance. Inoculation with a divergent CTV strain led to partially breaking the resistance, thus showing the role of sequence identity in the underlying mechanism. Our results are a step forward to developing transgenic resistance to CTV and also show that targeting simultaneously by RNA interference (RNAi) the three viral silencing suppressors appears critical for this purpose, although the involvement of concurrent RNAi mechanisms cannot be excluded.
Consumer response to healthy eating, physical activity and weight‐related recommendations: a systematic review
Authors: Boylan S. , Louie J. C. Y. , Gill T. P. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryStrong evidence linking poor diet and lack of physical activity to risk of obesity and related chronic disease has supported the development and promotion of guidelines to improve population health. Still, obesity continues to escalate as a major health concern, and so the impact of weight‐related guidelines on behaviour is unclear. The aim of this review was to examine consumer response to weight‐related guidelines. A systematic literature search was performed using Medline, PsycInfo, ProQuest Central and additional searches using Google and reference lists. Of the 1,765 articles identified, 46 relevant titles were included. Most studies examined attitudes towards content, source, tailoring and comprehension of dietary guidelines. Many respondents reported that guidelines were confusing, and that simple, clear, specific, realistic, and in some cases, tailored guidelines are required. Recognition of guidelines did not signify understanding nor did perceived credibility of a source guarantee utilization of guidelines. There was a lack of studies assessing: the impact of guidelines on behaviour; responses to physical activity guidelines; responses among males and studies undertaken in developing countries. Further research is needed, in particular regarding responses to physical activity guidelines and guidelines in different populations. Communication professionals should assist health professionals in the development of accurate and effective weight‐related guidelines.
Syndromic Surveillance of Influenza-Like Illness in Scotland During the Influenza A H1N1v Pandemic and Beyond
Authors: Kavanagh Kimberley , Robertson Chris , Murdoch Heather , Crooks George , McMenamin Jim 
Published: March 2012

SummarySyndromic surveillance refers to the rapid monitoring of syndromic data to highlight and follow outbreaks of infectious diseases, increasing situational awareness. Such systems are based on statistical models to described routinely collected health data. We describe a working exception reporting system that is currently used in Scotland to monitor calls received by the National Health Service telephone helpline NHS24. We demonstrate the utility of the system to describe the time series data from NHS24 both at an aggregated Scotland level and at the individual health board level for two case-studies: firstly during the initial phase of the 2009 influenza A H1N1v outbreak and secondly for the emergence of seasonal influenza in each winter season from 2006–2007 and 2010–2011. In particular, we focus on a localized cluster of infection in the Highland health board and the ability of the system to highlight this outbreak. Caveats of the system, including the effect of media reporting of the pandemic on the results and the associated statistical issues, are discussed. We discuss the adaptability and timeliness of the system and how this continues to form part of a suite of surveillance used to give early warnings to public health decision makers.
Docosahexaenoic acid, but not eicosapentaenoic acid, reduces the early inflammatory response following compression spinal cord injury in the rat
Authors: Hall Jodie C. E. , Priestley John V. , Perry V. Hugh , Michael‐Titus Adina T. 
Published: March 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 121, 738–750.AbstractDocosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22 : 6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20 : 5) are omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 PUFAs) with distinct anti‐inflammatory properties. Both have neuroprotective effects acutely following spinal cord injury (SCI). We examined the effect of intravenous DHA and EPA on early inflammatory events after SCI. Saline, DHA or EPA (both 250 nmol/kg) were administered 30 min after T12 compression SCI, to female Sprague‐Dawley rats. DHA significantly reduced the number of neutrophils to some areas of the injured epicentre at 4 h and 24 h. DHA also reduced C‐reactive protein plasma levels, whereas EPA did not significantly reduce neutrophils or C‐reactive protein. Laminectomy and SCI elicited a sustained inflammatory response in the liver, which was not reversed by the PUFAs. The chemokine KC/GRO/CINC and the cytokine IL‐6 provide gradients for chemotaxis of neutrophils to the epicentre. At 4 h after injury, there was a significant increase in IL‐6, KC/GRO/CINC, IL‐1β and tumour necrosis factor‐α in the epicentre, with a return to baseline at 24 h. Neither DHA nor EPA returned their levels to control values. These results indicate that the acute neuroprotective effects of n‐3 PUFAs in rat compression SCI may be only partly attributed to reduction of some of the early inflammatory events occurring after injury.
Low Efficacy of Clarithromycin Including Sequential Regimens for Helicobacter Pylori Infection
Authors: Kadayifci Abdurrahman , Uygun Ahmet , Kilciler Guldem , Kantarcioglu Murat , Kara Muammer , Ozcan Ayhan , Emer Ozdes 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground:  Sequential treatment for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) appears to achieve a better eradication rate than triple therapy. However, most of the data have been reported from the Italy, and studies from different population are needed before it is recommended in clinical practice. The present study aimed to assess and compare the efficacy of two separate clarithromycin including sequential regimens in Turkey which is well known with high clarithromycin and metronidazole resistance to H. pylori.Methods:  Consecutive H. pylori ‐positive patients with non‐ulcer dyspepsia were randomly allocated to one of the two sequential regimens; the first group was given lansoprazole 30 mg b.i.d. plus amoxicillin 1 g b.i.d. for the first week, followed by lansoprazole 30 mg b.i.d., clarithromycin 500 mg b.i.d., and metronidazole 500 mg t.i.d. for the second week (LA‐CM). The second arm was given the same regimen but tetracycline500 g q.i.d. instead of metronidazole (LA‐CT). H. pylori was detected with urea breath test (UBT) and histology before enrollment. UBT was repeated at 6th weeks after treatment.Results:  A total of 200 patients were enrolled in groups and 179 of them completed their protocols. The cumulative per protocol (“PP”) and intention‐to‐treat (“ITT”) eradication rates were 74.3% and 66.5% in all patients, respectively. Both “PP” (78.2% vs 70.1%) and “ITT” (72% vs 61%) eradication rates were better in LA‐CT group than LA‐CM group, but the differences were not statistically significant (p > .05). Both regimens were well tolerated, and the incidence of adverse effects was comparable.Conclusion:  Two weeks clarithromycin including sequential regimens with metronidazole or tetracycline were not achieved acceptable eradication rates in Turkey.
Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis: Helicobacter pylori Eradication Therapy After Simple Closure of Perforated Duodenal Ulcer
Authors: Tomtitchong Prakitpunthu , Siribumrungwong Boonying , Vilaichone Ratha‐Korn , Kasetsuwan Petch , Matsukura Norio , Chaiyakunapruk Nathorn 
Published: March 2012

Background:  The most common complications of peptic ulcer are bleeding and perforation. In many regions, definitive acid reduction surgery has given way to simple closure and Helicobacter pylori eradication.Aim:  To perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis to ask whether this change in practice is in fact justified.Materials and Methods:  A search on the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Medline, and Embase was made for controlled trials of duodenal ulcer perforation patients using simple closure method plus postoperative H. pylori eradication therapy versus simple closure plus antisecretory non‐eradication therapy. The long‐term results for prevention of ulcer recurrence were compared.Results:  The pooled incidence of 1‐year ulcer recurrence in H. pylori eradication group was 5.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.7 and 9.7], which is significantly lower than that of the control group (35.2%) with 95% CI of 0.25 and 0.45. The pooled relative risk was 0.15 with 95% CI of 0.06 and 0.37.Conclusions:  Helicobacter pylori eradication after simple closure of duodenal ulcer perforation gives better result than the operation plus antisecretory non‐eradication therapy for prevention of ulcer recurrence. All duodenal ulcer perforation patients should be tested for H. pylori infection, and eradication therapy is required in all infected patients.
The International Alcohol Control (IAC) Study—Evaluating the Impact of Alcohol Policies
Authors: Casswell Sally , Meier Petra , MacKintosh Anne M. , Brown Abraham , Hastings Gerard , Thamarangsi Thaksaphon , Chaiyasong Surasak , Chun Sungsoo , Huckle Taisia , Wall Martin , You Ru Q. 
Published: March 2012

Background:This paper describes a new multicountry collaborative project to assess the impact of alcohol control policy. Longitudinal surveys of drinkers in a number of participating countries and analysis of the policy context allow for the assessment of change over time within countries and comparison between countries. The design of the study is modeled on the International Tobacco Control study and aims to assess the impact of alcohol policies in different cultural contexts on policy‐related behaviors and alcohol consumption. A survey instrument and protocol for policy analysis have been developed by the initial participating countries: England, Scotland, Thailand, South Korea, and New Zealand. The first round of data collection is scheduled for 2011–2012.Measurements:The survey instrument (International Alcohol Control [IAC] survey) measures key policy relevant behaviors: place and time of purchase, amounts purchased and price paid; ease of access to alcohol purchase; alcohol marketing measures; social supply; perceptions of alcohol affordability and availability and salience of price; perceptions of enforcement; people's experiences with specific alcohol restrictions; support for policy and consumption (typical quantity, frequency using beverage and location‐specific measures). The Policy Analysis Protocol (PoLAP) assesses relevant aspects of the policy environment including regulation and implementation.Results:It has proved feasible to design instruments to collect detailed data on behaviors relevant to alcohol policy change and to assess the policy environment in different cultural settings.Conclusions:In a policy arena in which the interest groups and stakeholders have different perceptions of appropriate policy responses to alcohol‐related harm, a robust methodology to assess the impact of policy will contribute to the debate.
Acute and Long‐Term Purkinje Cell Loss Following a Single Ethanol Binge During the Early Third Trimester Equivalent in the Rat
Authors: Idrus Nirelia M. , Napper Ruth M. A. 
Published: March 2012

BackgroundIn the rat, binge‐like ethanol (EtOH) exposure during the early neonatal period (a developmental period equivalent to the human third trimester) can result in a permanent deficit of cerebellar Purkinje cells (Pcells). However, the consequences of a moderate binge alcohol exposure on a single day during this postnatal period have not been established. This is an issue of importance as many pregnant women binge drink periodically at social drinking levels. This study aimed to identify both the acute and long‐term effects of exposure to a single alcohol binge that achieved a mean peak blood EtOH concentration of approximately 250 mg/dl during early postnatal life using a rat model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.MethodsAcute apoptotic Pcell death 10 hours after a moderate dose binge EtOH exposure from postnatal days (PDs) 0 to 10 was assessed using active caspase‐3 immunolabeling. Acute Pcell apoptosis was quantified in cerebellar vermal lobules I–X using the physical disector method. Long‐term effects were assessed at PD 60 using stereological methods to determine total Pcell numbers in the vermis, lobule III, and lobule IX, following a moderate dose binge EtOH exposure at PDs 0, 2, or 4.ResultsAcute apoptosis was induced by EtOH on PDs 1 to 8 in a time and lobular‐dependent manner. For EtOH exposure on PD 2, significant long‐term Pcell loss occurred in lobule III. EtOH exposure on PD 4 resulted in significant long‐term Pcell loss throughout the entire vermis.ConclusionsThese results indicate that a single, early EtOH episode of moderate dose can create significant and permanent Pcell loss in the developing cerebellum.
Pegfilgrastim‐ versus filgrastim‐based autologous hematopoietic stem cell mobilization in the setting of preemptive use of plerixafor: efficacy and cost analysis
Authors: Costa Luciano J. , Kramer Cindy , Hogan Kathy R. , Butcher Coleen D. , Littleton Amanda L. , Shoptaw Katie B. , Kang Yubin , Stuart Robert K. 
Published: March 2012

BACKGROUND: Plerixafor enhances the ability of filgrastim (FIL) to mobilize CD34+ cells but adds cost to the mobilization. We hypothesized that replacing weight‐based FIL with flat‐dose pegfilgrastim (PEG) in a validated cost‐based mobilization algorithm for patient‐adapted use of plerixafor would add convenience without increased cost.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A single‐center retrospective analysis compared two consecutive cohorts undergoing FIL or PEG mobilization before autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma or lymphoma. FIL dose was 10 µg/kg/day continuing until completion of collection and a 12‐mg flat dose of PEG. Peripheral blood CD34+ cells (PB‐CD34+) enumeration was performed on the fourth day after initiation of growth factor. Subjects surpassing a certain target‐specific threshold of PB‐CD34+ started apheresis immediately while subjects with lower PB‐CD34+ received plerixafor with apheresis starting on the fifth day.RESULTS: Overall 68 of 74 in the FIL group and 52 of 57 patients in the PEG group met the mobilization target. Only one patient in each cohort required remobilization. Median PB‐CD34+ on Day 4 was significantly higher in patients in the PEG group (18.1 × 106 vs. 28.7 × 106 cells/L, p = 0.01). Consequently, patients in the PEG group were less likely to require administration of plerixafor (67.5% vs. 45.6%, p = 0.01). Cohorts had near identical mean number of apheresis sessions and comparable CD34+ yield. The estimated cost associated with growth factor was higher in patients in the PEG group, but it was counterbalanced by lower cost associated with use of plerixafor.CONCLUSION: Single administration of 12 mg of PEG is associated with better CD34+ mobilization than FIL allowing for effective, convenient mobilization with less frequent use of plerixafor.
Nouveau paradigme du progrès économique et social dans les réseaux de production mondiaux
Authors: BARRIENTOS Stephanie , GEREFFI Gary , ROSSI Arianna 
Published: March 2012

Résumé.Une question essentielle relative à la promotion du travail décent dans le monde est de savoir comment améliorer la position des entreprises et des travailleurs dans les chaînes de valeur et les réseaux de production mondiaux, où règnent les entreprises de premier rang. Les auteurs développent un cadre pour analyser les liens entre le progrès économique des entreprises et le progrès social des travailleurs. Ils étudient des exemples où la croissance des entreprises n'entraîne pas nécessairement des améliorations pour les travailleurs, notamment dans l'industrie de l'habillement au Maroc. Ils mettent en évidence différentes trajectoires afin de mieux appréhender la relation entre le progrès économique et les avancées sociales.
The effectiveness of integrated care for patients with hand eczema: results of a randomized, controlled trial
Authors: van Gils Robin F. , Boot Cécile R. L. , Knol Dirk L. , Rustemeyer Thomas , van Mechelen Willem , van der Valk Pieter G. M. , Anema Johannes R. 
Published: March 2012

Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness of integrated, multidisciplinary care as compared with usual care for patients with moderate to severe, chronic hand eczema after 26 weeks of follow‐up.Background. This study was designed as a randomized, controlled trial.Methods. Patients who visited one of the participating hospitals were randomized to integrated care or usual care. Integrated care was carried out by a multidisciplinary team, and integrated clinical and occupational care to optimize treatment, and the patient's quality of life and social functioning. Outcome variables were clinical assessment of hand eczema with the Hand Eczema Severity Index (HECSI) (primary outcome), quality of life, patient's global assessment of hand eczema, and sick leave.Results. Average improvement on the HECSI was 22.4 points in the intervention group and 11.7 points in the control group. The mean difference in improvement on the HECSI between both groups after 26 weeks was 10.7 points in favour of the integrated care group (standard error 5.3, 95% confidence interval 0.3–21.1, p = 0.044). No differences in improvement between the groups were found for any of the other outcomes.Conclusions. The integrated care programme significantly improved clinical outcome measures as compared with usual care, and was effective for treating patients with chronic hand eczema.