bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La grotte du Portel ouest (Loubens, Ariège) : nouvelles données stratigraphiques par l'étude de la susceptibilité magnétique [Portel ouest cave (Loubens, Ariège) : New stratigraphical data from a magnetic susceptibility study]
Authors: Djerrab Abderrezak , Hedley Ian , Vézian Régis 
Published: October 2009

The variation of the magnetic susceptibility recorded in each layer in the Portel cave shows a good correlation with the sedimentological analyses and also with the evolution of the composition of the faunal associations and their palaeoenvironmental significance on the northern edge of the Ariege Pyrenees during the Middle Palaeolithic. This study reveals the presence of several layers with different magnetic properties. The high values of magnetic susceptibility and its frequency dependence and the ratio IRM-100/SIRM are the result the abundance of non-detrital iron oxides (produced from primary iron oxides by physico-chemical processes). These oxides are very fine-grained, they have a low coercive field and saturate in a weak magnetic field.
The percentage of supermagnetic grains increases with the clay content (climatic improvement), and decreases in the more sandy, less clayey layers (climatic deterioration).
Les complexes volcaniques Rhyolithiques quaternaires d'Anatolie centrale (Göllü Dag et Acigöl, Turquie) : Genèse, instabilité, contraintes environnementales
Authors: Mouralis Damase , Pastre Jean François , Kuzucuoglu Catherine , Türkecan Ahmet , Atici Yelda , Slimak Ludovic , Guillou Hervé , Kunesch Stephane 
Published: October 2009

During the Quaternary, important and rapid environmental changes occurred in central Anatolian in relation with calco-alcalme volcamsm. This volcanic activity generated two large rhyohtic complexes integrating calderas, several pyroclastic deposits and lavic extrusions interstratified with various detntic formations. Activity of the Gollu Dag and the Acigol complexes lasted respectively from the lower Pleistocene until the middle Pleistocene, and from the middle Pleistocene until the upper Pleistocene.
Results presented here allow i) to evidence the Gollu Dag caldera for the first time, 11) to define the extension of the Acigol caldera according to new data, and ii) to reconstruct the successive phases in the evolution of both complexes. These complexes present three main types of activity : pre-, syn-, and post-caldera, each timing being responsible for various environmental changes related to different pyroclastite deposition characteristics (volume, types, dynamics, ...). Syn-caldera activity induced the most important environmental changes, which affected palaeogeography and palaeohydrology. During post-caldera activity, changes are less important and concern the extrusion of local rhyohtic domes, in the frame of an original model of extrusion presenting phreatomagmatism associated with annular obsidian dykes, pelean eruptions and rhyohtic extrusion. During Palaeolithic and Neolithic times, mining and chopping of obsidian caused the noticeable presence and activity of human societies. In companson with syn- caldera activities, the volumes of pyroclastites deposited dunng the post-caldera episodes were reduced, so that they are interbedded within alluvial and colluvial Pleistocene formations containing also some obsidian artefacts. This context offers interesting sequences where tephra layers, paleosol, reworked formations and archaeological (Palaeolithic) industries, give opportunities to set a quite precise chronology and to identify palaeogeographical changes. This study allows also to analyse factors controlling environmental changes in a volcanic region and to correlate these changes using a tephrostratigraphical framework detailed here for the first time.
Les rongeurs du site atérien d'El Harhoura 1 (Témara, Maroc)
Authors: Aouraghe Hassan , Abbassi Mohamed 
Published: October 2009

The El Harhoura 1 cave has reveraled a nch and varied large mammal assemblage ; in association with numerous human fossils and atenan stone tools.
The rodents are little diversified and include only three species : Hystrix aff cristata (Hystncidae), Menones shawi (Gerbihdae) and Mastomys sp (Mundae)
Hystrix of El Harhoura 1 is larger than the actual and than fossil Hystrix cristata from most of the Pléistocène sites in Maghreb Its abondance in the site reveals that a hot and dry climate was dominant throughout the time of the cave's deposits. Menones shawi is a member of the saharo- mediterranean species, its presence does not support a long period of dryness. Mastomys is larger than the genres discovered in Africa.
Chronostratigraphie des accumulations würmiennes dans la moyenne vallée du Rhône. L'apport des dates radiocarbone
Authors: Mandier Pierre , Evin Jacques , Argant Jacqueline , Petiot Robert 
Published: October 2009

A radiocarbon dating of the Moras drilling (30 800 cal BP) is located at the bottom of lacustrine deposits on the Crémieu plateau. A former ice-dammed lake is attributed to the ponding of meltwaters in the Moras River valley by a diffluence of the Rhône glacier It allows to assert that the Rhône glacier did invade the piedmont of the Alps dunng the Late Würm and that this recurrence can be correlated with the so-called stade D (Mandier, 1988a).
This stratigraphy is confirmed elsewhere in the fluvio-glacial alluvium of the Rhône valley m the Péage-de-Roussillon area (24 000 cal BP and 22 250 cal BP) and m the alluvium of the Isère valley at Saint-Hilaire-du-Rosier (32 500 cal BP and 25 500 cal BP). The last Würm terraces above the Holocene levels are positioned at two thirds of the amount of total incision following stade D. All of these terraces are comprised in between 17 000 cal BP and 18 250 cal BP in the Rhône and in the Isère valley. They are correlated with stade E (Morestel stade). A tentative correlation with Greenland GRIP drilling is proposed : the Rhône LGM of stade A > 45 000 cal BP (considering the presence of Mousterian industry on top of a terrace) is better correlated with isotopic stade 4 (Heinrich 6 event). For stades B and C, two solutions are proposed. The first one links these stades to the double cold event occurring between GRIP interstadial 4 and 5. The second one, correlates stades B and C with Heinrich 4 and Heinrich 5 events. Stade D can be clearly attributed to the severe cold event, which occurred between GRIP interstadial 3 and 2 (Heinrich 2 event). At last, stade E (Morestel) must be attnbuted to the cold event which follows interstadial 2 and which ends at 1 8 250 cal BP.
Pleistocene fluvial systems of the Creuse river (Middle Loire Basin - Centre Region, France) [ Les systèmes fluviatiles pléistocènes de la Creuse (Bassin moyen de la Loire, Région Centre, France).]
Authors: Despriée Jackie , Gageonnet Robert , Voinchet Pierre , Bahain Jean Jacques , Falguères Christophe , Duvialard Jean , Varache François 
Published: October 2009

The Creuse River is a tributary of the Vienne River which joins the Loire Valley on its left bank downstream Tours (Centre Region, France). Recent field works has significantly increased the number of fossil fluvial formations identified in the Middle Creuse River Valley, has confirmed their penglacial character and shown the impact of recent tectonics and the magnitude of uplift which affect the geometry of the deposits on the northern edge of the Massif Central and the southern and western parts of the Pans Basin.
Three sectors have been distinguished :
- a "Massif Central" sector, with an endogenous bed-rock, where some five stepped higher alluvial formations are studied.
- an "Intermediate" sector characterized by the opening of the valley when the river joins the Pans Basin. Eleven sandy formations, which constituted advancing fans in this actively tectonic zone, have been identified.
- a "Pans Basin" sector in which the Creuse flows westwards along a major fault. Eight stepped terraces have been recognized here.
Several geochronological data were obtained by electronic spin resonance (ESR) method applied to bleached alluvial quartz. The results show a good reproducibihty and generally a good coherence with the altimetry. They indicate, in close correlation with sedimentological and tectonic studies, that the response of the river is variable and depends of local geology and tectonic characteristics.
From the results obtained on each sector, a first synthetic but schematic history of the fluvial system can be proposed for the Middle Creuse River valley between 1,7 Ma BP and today Some major tectonic movements are dated between 1,7 and 1,2 Ma, around 600 ka and between 450 and the present. On the other hand, the "Pont-de-Lavaud" Early Palaeolithic site with archaic pebble quartz industry was dated to the end of the Lower Pleistocene, around 1,1 Ma BP.
On Linear Independence of a Certain Multivariate Infinite Product
Authors: Choi Stephen , Zhou Ping 
Published: October 2009

AbstractLetq,m,M≥ 2 be positive integers andr1,r2, … ,rmbe positive rationals and consider the followingMmultivariate infinite productsfori= 0, 1, … ,M–1. In this article, we study the linear independence of these infinite products. In particular, we obtain a lower bound for the dimension of the vector space ℚF0+ℚF1+· · ·+ℚFM–1+ℚ over ℚ and show that among theseMinfinite products,F0,F1, … ,FM–1, at least ∼M/m(m+ 1) of them are irrational for fixedmandM→ ∞.
Dynamical Zeta Function for Several Strictly Convex Obstacles
Authors: Petkov Vesselin 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe behavior of the dynamical zeta function ZD(s) related to several strictly convex disjoint obstacles is similar to that of the inverse Q(s) = of the Riemann zeta function ζ(s). Let Π(s) be the series obtained from ZD(s) summing only over primitive periodic rays. In this paper we examine the analytic singularities of ZD(s) and Π(s) close to the line , where s2 is the abscissa of absolute convergence of the series obtained by the second iterations of the primitive periodic rays. We show that at least one of the functions ZD(s), Π(s) has a singularity at s = s2.
First Variations of the Best Sobolev Trace Constant with Respect to the Domain
Authors: Rossi Julio D. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn this paper we study the best constant of the Sobolev trace embedding H1(Ω) → L2(∂Ω), where Ω is a bounded smooth domain in ℝN. We find a formula for the first variation of the best constant with respect to the domain. As a consequence, we prove that the ball is a critical domain when we consider deformations that preserve volume.
Stepping-Stone Model with Circular Brownian Migration
Authors: Zhou Xiaowen 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn this paper we consider the stepping-stone model on a circle with circular Brownian migration. We first point out a connection between Arratia flow on the circle and the marginal distribution of this model. We then give a new representation for the stepping-stone model using Arratia flow and circular coalescing Brownian motion. Such a representation enables us to carry out some explicit computations. In particular, we find the distribution for the first time when there is only one type left across the circle.
From Single Grains to Texture
Authors: Yan Kun , Liss Klaus‐Dieter , Garbe Ulf , Daniels John , Kirstein Oliver , Li Huijun , Dippenaar Rian 
Published: October 2009

AbstractStructural materials, such as metals, ceramics, and their composites are most often polycrystalline. The nature, morphology, and composition of their microstructure determine in large measure the mechanical properties of the final product, and the art to design novel materials is to find particular arrangements which make them harder, more shock absorbing, heat resistant, or self‐recovering upon damage and aging. The understanding of the basic processes and their interplay in a polycrystalline structure are most important for improved simulation of plastic deformation and to predict their thermo‐mechanical behavior.
The effect of mixer properties and fill level on granular flow in a bladed mixer
Authors: Remy Brenda , Glasser Benjamin J. , Khinast Johannes G. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe discrete element method was used to study the effect of mixer properties and fill level on the granular flow of monodisperse, cohesionless spheres in a bladed mixer. For fill levels just covering the span of the blades, a three‐dimensional (3‐D) recirculation zone develops in front of the blades, which promotes vertical and radial mixing. Increasing fill level reduces the size of the recirculation zone, decreases bed dilation and hinders particle diffusivities. However, above a critical fill level, the behavior of the particles within the span of the blade is found to be invariant of fill level. At low‐fill levels, the pressure within the particle bed varies linearly with bed height and can be approximated by hydrostatics. At higher fill levels, a constant pressure region develops within the span of the blades due to the angled pitch of the blades. Cylinder wall friction is shown to significantly influence granular behavior in bladed mixers. At low‐wall friction, the 3‐D recirculation zone observed for high‐wall friction conditions does not develop. High‐wall friction leads to an increase in convective and diffusive particle mixing. Shear stresses are shown to be a function of wall friction. Blade position along the vertical axis is shown to influence flow patterns, granular temperature and stress. The effect of increasing the mixer diameter at a constant particle diameter was also studied. When the mixer diameter is larger than a critical size such that wall effects are minimized, the observed granular behavior follows simple scaling relations. Particle velocities and diffusivities scale linearly with mixer size and blade speed. Normal and shear stress profiles are found to scale linearly with the total weight of the particle bed. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Behavior of an organic solvent drop during the supercritical extraction of emulsions
Authors: Mattea Facundo , Martín Ángel , Schulz Constantin , Jaeger Philip , Eggers Rudolf , Cocero María José 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe behavior of a drop of dichloromethane in water in contact with CO2 at high pressure has been investigated with the purpose of analyzing the phenomena that takes place during the supercritical fluid extraction of emulsions process. Experiments have been performed with and without a solute (β‐carotene) and a surfactant (n‐octenylsuccinic anhydride‐modified starch) dissolved in the drop, and the evolution of the drop volume as well as of the interfacial tension between the drop and the aqueous phase has been measured. Additionally, a mathematical model has been developed that allows describing the mass transfer. Results show that the drop undergoes swelling and shrinking processes due to diffusion of CO2 into the drop and dichloromethane out of the drop. CO2 concentration in the drop can be as high as 0.9 (molar fraction). Emulsion drops behave as miniature gas antisolvent precipitators and many particles are formed inside the drop. The interfacial tension between the drop and the aqueous phase increases during the process, therefore destabilizing the emulsion. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Body size and human energy requirements: Reduced mass‐specific total energy expenditure in tall adults
Authors: Heymsfield Steven B. , Pietrobelli Angelo 
Published: October 2009

AbstractMammalian resting energy expenditure (REE) increases as ∼weight0.75 while mass‐specific REE scales as ∼weight−0.25. Energy needs for replacing resting losses are thus less relative to weight (W) in large compared with small mammals, a classic observation with biological implications. Human weight scales as ∼height2 and tall adults thus have a greater weight than their short counterparts. However, it remains unknown if mass‐specific energy requirements are less in tall adults; allometric models linking total energy expenditure (TEE) and weight with height (H) are lacking. We tested the hypothesis that mass‐specific energy requirements scale inversely to height in adults by evaluating TEE (doubly labeled water) data collected by the National Academy of Sciences. Activity energy expenditure (AEE) was calculated from TEE, REE (indirect calorimetry), and estimated diet‐induced energy expenditure. Main analyses focused on nonmorbidly obese subjects ≤50 yrs of age with non‐negative AEE values (n = 404), although results were directionally similar for all samples. Allometric models, including age as a covariate, revealed significantly (P < 0.05) greater REE, AEE, and TEE as a function of height (range H1.5–1.7) in both men and women. TEE/W scaled negatively to height (∼H−0.7, P < 0.01) with predicted mass‐specific TEE (kcal/kg/d) at ±2 SD for US height lower in tall compared with short men (40.3 vs. 46.5) and women (37.7 vs. 42.7). REE/W also scaled negatively to height in men (P < 0.001) and women (P < 0.01). Results were generally robust across several different analytic strategies. These observations reveal previously unforeseen associations between human stature and energy requirements that have implications for modeling efforts and provide new links to mammalian biology as a whole. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of 2‐Fluoro N10‐Substituted Acridones and Their Cytotoxicity Studies in Sensitive and Resistant Cancer Cell Lines and Their DNA Intercalation Studies
Authors: Mayur Yergeri C. , Zaheeruddin  , Peters Godefridus J. , Lemos Clara , Kathmann Ietje , Prasad Velivela V. S. Rajendra 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA series of 2‐fluoro N10‐substituted acridone derivatives with varying alkyl side chain length with propyl, butyl substitution, and a tertiary amine group at the terminal end of the alkyl side chain were synthesized and screened against cancer cell lines SW 1573, SW 1573 2R 160 (P‐gp substrate) which are non‐small lung cancer cell lines, MCF‐7, MCF‐7/MR (BCRP substrate) are breast cancer cell lines, 2008 WT, 2008MRP1, 2008MRP2, 2008MRP3 are ovarian cancer cell lines, and human embryo kidney cell lines like HEK293, HEK293 MRP4, and HEK293 MRP5i. The propyl‐series compounds showed lipophilicity in the range of 1.93 to 4.40 and the butyl series in the range of 2.37 to 4.78. The compounds 4, 7, and 8 showed good cytotoxicity against the 60 human cancer cell line panel of the National Cancer Institute, USA. The compounds 14 and 15 showed a better cytotoxicity in most of the cancer cell lines compared to other compounds tested. The DNA‐binding properties of the compounds were evaluated based on their affinity or intercalation with CT‐DNA measured with absorption titration. The compound 11 bearing planar tricyclic ring linked with a butyl methylpiperazino side chain showed the highest binding affinity with a binding constant (Ki) of 10.38×10 M–1. Evaluation of the compounds in cell lines with an overexpression of various multidrug resistance‐related protein (MRP), P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp), or Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP) showed that all compounds are not substrates for any of these transporters.
Monitoring the fractionation of a whey protein isolate during dead‐end membrane filtration using fluorescence and chemometric methods
Authors: Elshereef Rand , Budman Hector , Moresoli Christine , Legge Raymond L. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDuring membrane‐based separation of proteins, changes in protein concentration of the permeate and retentate streams occurs over time. The current work proposes a new approach for monitoring the changes in concentrations of proteins in both permeate and retentate by making use of data collected using fluorescence spectroscopy and intrinsic protein fluorescence analyzed by multivariate statistical techniques. Whey protein isolate consists mainly of α‐lactalbumin (α‐LA), β‐lactoglobulin (β‐LG), and small proportion of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and was used as a model system in this study. A fiber optic probe (FOP) was used to acquire multiwavelength fluorescence spectra for permeate and retentate streams at different times during UF‐based separation of the components from a multicomponent solution. Multivariate regression models were developed for predicting the concentrations of α‐LA, β‐LG, and BSA by establishing a calibration model between data acquired using the FOP and the corresponding protein concentration levels measured by size‐exclusion chromatography. The model was validated using FOP data that were not previously used for calibration of the regression models. This comparison showed that concentrations of α‐LA, β‐LG, and BSA could be predicted directly from FOP data within reasonable accuracy by making use of multivariate calibration tools. This approach has several attractive features including that it is nondestructive, fast, and relatively simple to perform. This technique has potential practical applications as it could offer the opportunity for in situ monitoring of membrane filtration processes by tracking individual protein transmission and selectivity of fractionation. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Personal recommendation based on a user's understanding
Authors: Lee Soojung 
Published: October 2009

AbstractCurrent web personalization mainly focuses on extracting web pages interesting to users. However, difficulty in understanding web contents often arises for some users mainly due to the lack of background knowledge on the contents. As a solution to this problem, this paper proposes a method of personalizing web search that produces search results suitable to the understanding level of a user. Fuzzy sets and membership functions are defined in order to keep adjusting the level of a user, which is updated based on the levels of web pages on which the user shows preferences. Extensive simulation experiments are conducted to tune the system parameters optimally and to show that the proposed system outperforms not only a general search engine but also a system that updates the understanding level of a user with the mean of the web page levels. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 20: 62–71, 2012
Composite Particles of Novozyme 435 and Silicone: Advancing Technical Applicability of Macroporous Enzyme Carriers
Authors: Wiemann Lars O. , Nieguth René , Eckstein Marrit , Naumann Matthias , Thum Oliver , Ansorge‐Schumacher Marion B. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe mechanical and leaching stability of enzymes adsorbed on macroporous carriers is an important issue for the technical applicability of such biocatalysts. Both can considerably benefit from the deposition of silicone coating on the carrier surface. The coating of the immobilized lipase Novozyme 435 (NZ435), as a model enzyme preparation, with different silicone loadings was studied in detail by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), as well as by energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) and BET isotherms, and offers explanations and prerequisites for its stabilizing effects. The deposition of silicone on the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) carrier was found to form an interpenetrating network composite rather than the anticipated core‐shell structure. The silicone precursors homogeneously wet the carrier surface including all inner pores and gradually fill the complete carrier. In parallel, the surface area of NZ435 decreases from an initial value of 89 m2g−1to 0.2 m2g−1after silicone loading. A visible layer of silicone on the outer surface of the carrier was only observed at a silicone concentration of 54 % w/w and more. Maximum leaching stability corresponds to the formation of this layer. The mechanical stability increases with the amount of deposited silicone. It can be expected that stabilization against leaching and/or mechanical stress by formation of silicone composites can easily be transferred to a whole range of alternative biocatalytic systems. This should considerably advance their general technical applicability and overall implementation of biocatalysts in chemical synthesis.