bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emerging technologies for the thorax: Indications, management and complications
Authors: YARMUS Lonny , ERNST Armin , FELLER‐KOPMAN David 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTThe field of interventional pulmonology has rapidly expanded to include the management and treatment of complex diseases of the chest. The management of central airway obstruction, pleural disease diagnosis, treatment and palliation, advanced bronchoscopic techniques to aid in the diagnosis of lung cancer and innovative therapies to treat asthma and COPD have all emerged over the past decade. As astute clinicians, we are all aware of the risks and benefits of using these therapies to treat our patients. In order to appropriately treat and manage these often complex medical situations, the physician should have an expert knowledge of all available modalities, the expertise to safely perform the procedure and the ability to minimize the risk of and manage the associated complications that may arise. In this chapter we review and update some of the bronchoscopic and pleural interventions offered by interventional pulmonologists as well as the associated complications and management.
Evaluation of individual and facility factors that promote hand washing in aged‐care facilities in Japan
Authors: Takahashi Ikuko , Turale Sue 
Published: December 2009

AbstractInternationally, it has been found that regular and timely hand washing is part of hand‐hygiene practices that can reduce rates of infection in health‐care facilities, but research has shown that there is a low level of compliance with hand washing in hospitals worldwide, including Japan. The number of aged‐care facilities is growing throughout the world as our populations age, but hand‐washing compliance appears even lower in such settings where there are vulnerable and frail elderly persons. This study used a correlational, cross‐sectional design to clarify, for the first time, individual and facility factors related to the hand‐washing behaviors of care staff at Japanese aged‐care facilities. In 56 facilities (31 special nursing homes and 25 health‐service facilities) in Yamaguchi Prefecture, data were gathered through survey questionnaires from care staff and facility managers. A total of 1323 (79.6%) questionnaires were returned and 1016 (61.1%) were analyzed. Using logistical regression analysis, two individual factors were investigated (“willingness to practice standard precautions” and “attendance at seminars”) and two facility factors were investigated (“implementation of hand‐washing evaluation” and “hand‐washing environment”). These factors were found to promote hand washing, but no single factor was particularly related to its promotion in aged‐care settings. If the health of elderly residents is to be better protected and infection rates lowered, especially in an era of increasing pandemics and epidemics, the compliance rate of health‐care workers needs to be increased. We conclude that diverse approaches to both individual and facility factors are necessary to improve compliance with hand washing.
Manuscript rejection in ophthalmology and visual science journals: identifying and avoiding the common pitfalls
Authors: Wyness Tami , McGhee Charles NJ , Patel Dipika V 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPurpose:  The majority of ophthalmology and visual science journals reject more original manuscripts than they accept. Submissions to Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology were analysed over a 12‐month period with the aim of identifying common reasons for editorial rejection of manuscripts.Methods:  A content analysis was carried out of reviewer and section editor comments of all rejected manuscripts (original papers) submitted to Clinical 0mp; Experimental Ophthalmology between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2008. Comments were categorized by reasons for rejection.Results:  A total of 662 manuscripts were submitted to Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology via ScholarOne Manuscripts from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2008 with a final decision date of up to 1 April 2009. The overall rejection rate for these manuscripts was 73.6%. The most common reason for rejection of manuscripts was ‘does not add to current literature’, followed by ‘poor methodology’, ‘problematic control groups’, ‘poor English and grammar/poorly organized’, ‘needs further work/clarification’ and ‘simultaneous submission to another journal/plagiarized’; the remainder had either no readily categorized reason stated or were grouped into an ‘other’ category.Discussion:  Understanding why original research work is rejected can be invaluable to an author's publishing career. The categories that emerged from this content analysis are reflected in other literature on the topic, therefore the flaws in manuscripts rejected by Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology appear to be both common and avoidable. Armed with this knowledge an author may strive towards a more ‘rejection‐proof’ manuscript when submitting to ophthalmology and visual science journals.
Publication and citation analysis of the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Ophthalmology and Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology over a 10‐year period: the evolution of an ophthalmology journal
Authors: Chou Chi‐Ying , Chew Shenton SL , Patel Dipika V , Ormonde Susan E , McGhee Charles NJ 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPurpose:  To analyse the pattern of change in publication content and citations generated by a mid‐ranking ophthalmology journal as it evolved from the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Ophthalmology (ANZJO) to its successor, Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology (CEO).Methods:  The Science Citation Index was used to analyse the publications of ANZJO and CEO over two 10‐year periods (1990–1999 and 2000–2009, respectively). Publication and citation patterns were analysed in terms of source authors, institutions and countries. As a secondary measure, journal impact factors (JIFs) were retrieved from the Journal Citation Reports at the end of each period.Results:  Over the specified periods, 859 articles published in ANZJO were cited 1210 times, and 1529 articles published in CEO were cited 5374 times. Australia was the largest contributing country to both journals; however, the proportional contributions from other countries including New Zealand, UK, USA, India and China increased significantly in CEO. Articles were cited by authors from 793 institutions in 60 countries for ANZJO and 2997 institutions in 95 countries for CEO. The contribution by key authors (identified as the top 10 most‐published authors) towards total journal publications was 24% in ANZJO, but only 16% in CEO; however, these publications were responsible for 26.6% and 28.8% of the total citations, respectively. With respect to the most recent JIFs, ANZJO was 0.433 in 1999 (ranked 33 of 43 journals) and CEO was 1.35 in 2008 (ranked 27 of 48 journals).Conclusion:  CEO has substantially increased the number of publications, citation counts and international sources compared with its well‐established predecessor, ANZJO, over the assessed periods. CEO also appears to have a higher international profile with increasing citations counts from more countries. This evolution from a regional, to a more international, journal has been substantial and is reflected by a significant increment in JIF, and a modest increase in overall JIF‐ranking, for CEO.
SEM study of overload effects during fatigue crack growth using an image analysing technique and potential drop measures
Authors: JACOBSSON L. , PERSSON C. , MELIN S. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTTo study the mechanisms affecting the crack propagation rate for fatigue cracks exposed to an overload, an in situ scanning electron microscope technique was used, together with potential drop measurements. High‐resolution images were analysed with an image analysis program to measure the displacements along the crack, and the potential drop technique was employed to measure the electrical contact between the fatigue crack surfaces. The crack closure level could, by image analysis, be determined as close as 1 μm from the crack tip. The indications from the image analysis pointed towards a somewhat lower closure load as compared to the potential drop technique. The effect of an overload on the crack propagation rate was found to depend on the magnitude of the overload in combination with the steady‐state conditions. Both overload induced crack retardation and crack acceleration was noticed to occur.
Perioperative complications in children with pulmonary hypertension undergoing general anesthesia with ketamine
Authors: WILLIAMS GLYN D. , MAAN HARJOT , RAMAMOORTHY CHANDRA , KAMRA KOMAL , BRATTON SUSAN L. , BAIR ELLEN , KUAN CALVIN C. , HAMMER GREGORY B. , FEINSTEIN JEFFREY A. 
Published: December 2009

SummaryBackground:  Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is associated with significant perioperative risk for major complications in children, including pulmonary hypertensive crisis and cardiac arrest. Uncertainty remains about the safety of ketamine anesthesia in this patient population.Aim:  Retrospectively review the medical records of children with PAH to ascertain the nature and frequency of peri‐procedural complications and to determine whether ketamine administration was associated with peri‐procedural complications.Methods:  Children with PAH (mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥25 mmHg and pulmonary vascular resistance index ≥3 Wood units) who underwent general anesthesia for procedures during a 6‐year period (2002–2008) were enrolled. Details about the patient, PAH, procedure, anesthetic and postprocedural course were noted, including adverse events during or within 48 h of the procedure. Complication rates were reported per procedure. Association between ketamine and peri‐procedural complications was tested.Results:  Sixty‐eight children (median age 7.3 year, median weight 22 kg) underwent 192 procedures. Severity of PAH was mild (23%), moderate (37%), and severe (40%). Procedures undertaken were major surgery (n = 20), minor surgery (n = 27), cardiac catheterization (n = 128) and nonsurgical procedures (n = 17). Ketamine was administered during 149 procedures. Twenty minor and nine major complications were noted. Incidence of cardiac arrest was 0.78% for cardiac catheterization procedures, 10% for major surgical procedures and 1.6% for all procedures. There was no procedure‐related mortality. Ketamine administration was not associated with increased complications.Conclusions:  Ketamine appears to be a safe anesthetic option for children with PAH. We report rates for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and mortality that are more favorable than those previously reported.
Second‐hand smoking and carboxyhemoglobin levels in children: a prospective observational study
Authors: YEE BRANDEN E. , AHMED MOHAMMED I. , BRUGGE DOUG , FARRELL MAUREEN , LOZADA GUSTAVO , IDUPAGANTHI RAGHU , SCHUMANN ROMAN 
Published: December 2009

SummaryAim:  To establish baseline noninvasive carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels in children and determine the influence of exposure to environmental sources of carbon monoxide (CO), especially environmental tobacco smoke, on such levels.Background:  Second‐hand smoking may be a risk factor for adverse outcomes following anesthesia and surgery in children (1) and may potentially be preventable.Patients and Methods:  Parents and their children between the ages of 1–12 were enrolled on the day of elective surgery. The preoperative COHb levels of the children were assessed noninvasively using a CO‐Oximeter (Radical‐7 Rainbow SET Pulse CO‐Oximeter; Masimo, Irvine, CA, USA). The parents were asked to complete an environmental air‐quality questionnaire. The COHb levels were tabulated and correlated with responses to the survey in aggregate analysis. Statistical analyses were performed using the nonparametric Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests. P < 0.05 was statistically significant.Results:  Two hundred children with their parents were enrolled. Children exposed to parental smoking had higher COHb levels than the children of nonsmoking controls. Higher COHb values were seen in the youngest children, ages 1–2, exposed to parental cigarette smoke. However, these trends did not reach statistical significance, and confidence intervals were wide.Conclusions:  This study revealed interesting trends of COHb levels in children presenting for anesthesia and surgery. However, the COHb levels measured in our patients were close to the error margin of the device used in our study. An expected improvement in measurement technology may allow screening children for potential pulmonary perioperative risk factors in the future.
Anesthetic management of the hybrid stage 1 procedure for hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS)
Authors: NAGUIB AYMEN N. , WINCH PETER , SCHWARTZ LAWRENCE , ISAACS JANET , RODEMAN ROBERTA , CHEATHAM JOHN P. , GALANTOWICZ MARK 
Published: December 2009

SummaryIntroduction:  Despite advances in the surgical and perioperative management of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), outcomes for this high‐risk group of patients remains suboptimal. The hybrid approach [bilateral pulmonary artery (PA) banding, ductal stenting, balloon atrial septostomy], is an emerging alternative therapy for the management of HLHS, which defers the risks of a major surgical repair until the infants are older. This article will describe our experience providing the anesthetic management of patients undergoing the hybrid procedure.Methods:  After Institutional Review Board approval, we retrospectively reviewed the records of 77 patients who underwent the hybrid procedure as neonates between July 2002 and August 2008. We reviewed both the anesthetic and intensive care records.Results:  The hybrid procedure was performed in 77 patients (31 female and 46 male). The average age of the patients was 11.8 days with an average weight of 2.98 kg. Fentanyl was used for analgesia at an average dose of 5.7 mcg·kg−1. The average increase in the systolic blood pressure after placement of the right and left PA bands was 11.3 mmHg. The average drop in the systemic saturation after placement of the bands was 7%, with an average postband and stent SaO2 of 82%. Twenty‐one patients received blood transfusion (27.3%) at an average dose of 43.5 ml (14.5 ml·kg−1). Forty patients received albumin during the case (51.9%) at an average dose of 23.2 ml (7.7 ml·kg−1). Seventeen patients arrived at the hybrid suite already intubated, and no attempt was made to extubate these patients at the end of the case. Thirty‐six patients were extubated at the end of the procedure, and a total of 64.9% of patients were extubated within the first 24 h postoperatively. Patients had notably stable hemodynamics throughout the first 24 h in the intensive care unit.Discussion:  Patients undergoing the hybrid procedure have relatively stable intraoperative and early postoperative hemodynamics. The procedure is performed without cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and with minimal narcotic and anesthetic exposure. Patients typically do not require blood transfusions or inotropic support and are extubated at either the end of the procedure or within 24 h of ICU admission. In our experience, the anesthetic management of patients undergoing the hybrid procedure is straightforward and requires relatively few interventions when compared to traditional neonatal surgical repairs. Deferring the risks of anesthesia, CPB, hypothermic circulatory arrest, and prolonged postoperative sedation may yield developmental advantages to patients born with HLHS.
Effects of therapeutic suggestion in children undergoing general anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: FORTIER MICHELLE A. , WEINBERG MEGAN , VITULANO LAWRENCE A. , CHORNEY JILL MACLAREN , MARTIN SARAH R. , KAIN ZEEV N. 
Published: December 2009

SummaryObjectives and aim:  The goal of this randomized controlled trial was to examine the effect of intraoperative positive therapeutic suggestion on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in children undergoing general anesthesia and otolaryngological surgery.Background:  Because of the high incidence of PONV following otolaryngological surgery and its negative impact on recovery, researchers have examined various nonpharmacological interventions to target this phenomenon. To date, the effectiveness of therapeutic suggestion has not been studied in children.Methods:  Participants were 67 children undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy and their mothers. Children received a standardized anesthetic procedure and were randomly assigned to one of three interventions administered under general anesthesia: therapeutic suggestion, story (prosody control), or standard operating room noise. Children, parents, and healthcare personnel were blinded to group assignment. Nausea and vomiting were recorded in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) and for the first 3 days at home.Results:  Results demonstrated a decrease in nausea severity across the first 3 days, F2,49 = 10.37, P < 0.001, but no group differences in nausea severity in the PACU (F2,49 = 0.87, P = 0.43) or at home (F2,49 = 0.80, P = 0.46). There were also no group differences in vomiting episodes in the PACU (χ2 (2) = 1.25, P > 0.05) or at home (F2,49 = 1.59, P = 0.21).Conclusions:  In this blinded controlled trial, therapeutic suggestion delivered intraoperatively did not impact children’s PONV. However, because this is the first study of this kind, replication may be needed.
A simultaneous test of trophic interaction models: which vegetation characteristic explains herbivore control over plant community mass?
Authors: Cronin James Patrick , Tonsor Stephen J. , Carson Walter P. 
Published: December 2009

Ecology Letters (2010) 13: 202–212AbstractPredicting herbivore control over plants (i.e. changes in plant mass due to herbivore damage) is a central goal of ecology. Progress has been limited, however, because the vegetation characteristics thought to influence herbivore control are naturally correlated and typically experimentally confounded. To address this problem, we defined eight conventional models that predict herbivore control over plant community mass, each model based on a different vegetation characteristic (i.e. host concentration, tissue nitrogen, growth rate, size, tolerance of herbivory or net primary productivity). We then used structural equation modelling to test each model against two field experiments. Our results clearly rejected all models except for a tolerance of herbivory mechanism; stems with greater access to limiting resources better tolerated herbivory, regardless of where herbivore activity was greatest. Consequently, herbivore reductions of plant community mass were greatest at low resource availability. This adds to evidence that herbivore activity poorly predicts herbivore control.
Taming the symbiont for coexistence: a host PGRP neutralizes a bacterial symbiont toxin
Authors: Troll Joshua V. , Bent Eric H. , Pacquette Nicholas , Wier Andrew M. , Goldman William E. , Silverman Neal , McFall‐Ngai Margaret J. 
Published: December 2009

SummaryIn horizontally transmitted mutualisms between marine animals and their bacterial partners, the host environment promotes the initial colonization by specific symbionts that it harvests from the surrounding bacterioplankton. Subsequently, the host must develop long‐term tolerance to immunogenic bacterial molecules, such as peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccaride derivatives. We describe the characterization of the activity of a host peptidoglycan recognition protein (EsPGRP2) during establishment of the symbiosis between the squid Euprymna scolopes and its luminous bacterial symbiont Vibrio fischeri. Using confocal immunocytochemistry, we localized EsPGRP2 to all epithelial surfaces of the animal, and determined that it is exported in association with mucus shedding. Most notably, EsPGRP2 was released by the crypt epithelia into the extracellular spaces housing the symbionts. This translocation occurred only after the symbionts had triggered host morphogenesis, a process that is induced by exposure to the peptidoglycan monomer tracheal cytotoxin (TCT), a bacterial ‘toxin’ that is constitutively exported by V. fischeri. Enzymatic analyses demonstrated that, like many described PGRPs, EsPGRP2 has a TCT‐degrading amidase activity. The timing of EsPGRP2 export into the crypts provides evidence that the host does not export this protein until after TCT induces morphogenesis, and thereafter EsPGRP2 is constantly present in the crypts ameliorating the effects of V. fischeri TCT.
The septal pore cap is an organelle that functions in vegetative growth and mushroom formation of the wood‐rot fungus Schizophyllum commune
Authors: Van Peer Arend F. , Wang Fengfeng , Van Driel Kenneth G. A. , De Jong Jan F. , Van Donselaar Elly G. , Müller Wally H. , Boekhout Teun , Lugones Luis G. , Wösten Han A. B. 
Published: December 2009

SummaryMushroom‐forming basidiomycetes colonize large areas in nature. Their hyphae are compartmentalized by perforated septa, which are usually covered by a septal pore cap (SPC). Here, we describe, for the first time, the composition and function of SPCs using the model system Schizophyllum commune. The SPC of S. commune was shown to consist of a proteinaceous matrix covered by a lipid membrane. The matrix was demonstrated to define the ultrastructure of the SPC and to consist of two main proteins, Spc14 and Spc33. Gene spc14 encodes a protein of 86 amino acids, which lacks known domain, signal or localization sequences. Gene spc33 encodes a 239 and a 340 amino acid variant. Both forms contain a predicted signal anchor that targets them to the ER. Immuno‐localization showed the presence of Spc33 in the SPC but not in ER. From this and previous reports it is concluded that the SPC is derived from this organelle. Inactivation of spc33 resulted in loss of SPCs and the inability to close septa. The latter may well explain why vegetative growth and mushroom formation were severely reduced in strains in which spc33 was inactivated.
Interactions between Nosema microspores and a neonicotinoid weaken honeybees (Apis mellifera)
Authors: Alaux Cédric , Brunet Jean‐Luc , Dussaubat Claudia , Mondet Fanny , Tchamitchan Sylvie , Cousin Marianne , Brillard Julien , Baldy Aurelie , Belzunces Luc P. , Le Conte Yves 
Published: December 2009

SummaryGlobal pollinators, like honeybees, are declining in abundance and diversity, which can adversely affect natural ecosystems and agriculture. Therefore, we tested the current hypotheses describing honeybee losses as a multifactorial syndrome, by investigating integrative effects of an infectious organism and an insecticide on honeybee health. We demonstrated that the interaction between the microsporidia Nosema and a neonicotinoid (imidacloprid) significantly weakened honeybees. In the short term, the combination of both agents caused the highest individual mortality rates and energetic stress. By quantifying the strength of immunity at both the individual and social levels, we showed that neither the haemocyte number nor the phenoloxidase activity of individuals was affected by the different treatments. However, the activity of glucose oxidase, enabling bees to sterilize colony and brood food, was significantly decreased only by the combination of both factors compared with control, Nosema or imidacloprid groups, suggesting a synergistic interaction and in the long term a higher susceptibility of the colony to pathogens. This provides the first evidences that interaction between an infectious organism and a chemical can also threaten pollinators, interactions that are widely used to eliminate insect pests in integrative pest management.