bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic targeting of the focal adhesion complex prevents oncogenic TGF-β signaling and metastasis
Authors: Wendt Michael K , Schiemann William P 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Introduction
Mammary tumorigenesis is associated with the increased expression of several proteins in the focal adhesion complex, including focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and various integrins. Aberrant expression of these molecules occurs concomitant with the conversion of TGF-β function from a tumor suppressor to a tumor promoter. We previously showed that interaction between β3 integrin and TβR-II facilitates TGF-β-mediated oncogenic signaling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and metastasis. However, the molecular mechanisms by which the focal adhesion complex contributes to β3 integrin:TβR-II signaling and the oncogenic conversion of TGF-β remain poorly understood.

Methods
FAK expression and activity were inhibited in normal and malignant mammary epithelial cells (MECs) either genetically by using lentiviral-mediated delivery of shRNAs against FAK, or pharmacologically through in vitro and in vivo use of the FAK inhibitors, PF-562271 and PF-573228. Altered Smad2/3 and p38 MAPK activation, migration, EMT, and invasion in response to TGF-β1 were monitored in FAK-manipulated cells. TβR-II expression was increased in metastatic breast cancer cells by retroviral transduction, and the metastasis of FAK- and TβR-II-manipulated tumors was monitored by using bioluminescent imaging.

Results
TGF-β stimulation of MECs stabilized and activated FAK in a β3 integrin- and Src-dependent manner. Furthermore, by using the human MCF10A breast cancer progression model, we showed that increased FAK expression in metastatic breast cancer cells mirrored the acquisition of enhanced activation of p38 MAPK by TGF-β. Administering FAK inhibitors or rendering metastatic breast cancer cells FAK deficient abrogated the interaction between β3 integrin and TβR-II, thereby preventing TGF-β from (a) activating p38 MAPK; (b) stimulating MEC invasion, migration, and EMT; and (c) inducing early primary tumor dissemination to the lungs. Finally, in contrast to FAK depletion, adjuvant FAK chemotherapy of mammary tumors decreased their growth in part by diminished macrophage tumor infiltration.

Conclusions
Our studies identify an essential function for FAK in mediating the interaction between β3 integrin and TβR-II, and thus in facilitating the oncogenic conversion of TGF-β required for mammary tumor metastasis. Furthermore, this study establishes chemotherapeutic targeting of FAK as an effective, two-pronged approach in preventing tumor progression both by decreasing innate immune cell infiltration, and by inhibiting early TGF-β-dependent metastasis.
Phase II Trial of Combination Therapy With Bortezomib, Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin, and Dexamethasone in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Myeloma
Authors: Jakubowiak Andrzej J. , Kendall Tara , Al-Zoubi Ammar , Khaled Yasser , Mineishi Shin , Ahmed Asra , Campagnaro Erica , Brozo Christine , Braun Thomas , Talpaz Moshe , Kaminski Mark S. 
Published: September 2009

Purpose This single-center, open-label, phase II trial evaluated the bortezomib, pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD), and dexamethasone combination regimen (VDD) as initial treatment for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM). Patients and Methods Enrolled patients (N = 40) received up to six 3-week cycles of treatment with bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) on days 1, 4, 8, and 11; PLD 30 mg/m2 IV on day 4; and dexamethasone 20 to 40 mg daily as specified in the study design. The primary end point was the complete/near-complete response (CR/nCR) rate after six cycles. Secondary end points included overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). The impact of VDD on stem-cell mobilization and collection also was evaluated. Results After six cycles, the ORR was 85.0% (CR/nCR, 37.5%; very good partial response [VGPR] or better, 57.5%). Patients who underwent stem-cell transplantation (SCT) after VDD (n = 30) experienced increased rates of VGPR or better (53.3% to 76.6% after SCT). Overall, 1-year PFS and OS rates were 92.5% and 97.5%, respectively. Those who achieved VGPR or better after treatment with VDD showed a significantly greater 1-year PFS versus those who achieved less than VGPR (100% v 82%, respectively; P = .03). Similar results were observed in patients who underwent SCT. Grades 3 or 4 hematologic toxicities occurred in ≤ 10% of patients; grade 2 painful neuropathy occurred in 7.5%; and grade 3 palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia occurred in 2.5%. Conclusion VDD is highly effective for initial treatment of MM followed by SCT in appropriate patients, and it has a reasonable safety profile. Achievement of VGPR or better with this initial therapy predicted longer PFS, regardless of the consolidation therapy given.
Serum Adiponectin As a Predictor of Childhood Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: A Nationwide Case-Control Study
Authors: Petridou Eleni Th. , Sergentanis Theodoros N. , Dessypris Nick , Vlachantoni Iris T. , Tseleni-Balafouta Sofia , Pourtsidis Apostolos , Moschovi Maria , Polychronopoulou Sofia , Athanasiadou-Piperopoulou Fani , Kalmanti Maria , Mantzoros Christos S. 
Published: September 2009

PurposeTo our knowledge, this is the first study exploring the association of childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) with serum adiponectin and leptin levels in a nationwide case-control series. In addition, expression of adiponectin receptors in NHL specimens was assessed, and the association between adipokines and childhood NHL survival and prognosis was examined.Patients and MethodsWe studied 121 incident childhood (0 to 14 years) NHL cases registered in the Nationwide Registry for Childhood Hematological Malignancies (1996 to 2006) and an equal number of matched controls, for whom sociodemographic, lifestyle, prenatal characteristics, and fasting blood serums were collected. Serum adiponectin and leptin levels were determined. Immunohistochemisty for adiponectin receptors expression was performed on commercially available adult NHL specimens (n = 30) and in a subset of childhood NHL cases (n = 6) that were available. Summary statistics, multiple conditional logistic regression analyses, and survival analysis were performed.ResultsHigher serum adiponectin, but not leptin, levels were independently associated with childhood NHL (odds ratio, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.30 to 2.56), after adjusting for obesity and established risk factors. Higher adiponectin levels at diagnosis were positively associated with relapse and poor survival, but hormone levels did not differ among NHL subtypes. Adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 were present in 90% and 57% of adult samples and in 83% and 100% of childhood NHL samples, respectively.ConclusionElevated serum adiponectin, but not leptin, levels are independently associated with childhood NHL and poor prognosis. Adiponectin receptors are expressed in NHL, suggesting that adiponectin may represent not only a potential clinically significant diagnostic and prognostic marker but also a molecule that may be implicated in NHL pathogenesis.
Single-Drug Vinblastine As Salvage Treatment for Refractory or Relapsed Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma: A Report From the French Society of Pediatric Oncology
Authors: Brugières Laurence , Pacquement Helene , Le Deley Marie-Cecile , Leverger Guy , Lutz Patrick , Paillard Catherine , Baruchel Andre , Frappaz Didier , Nelken Brigitte , Lamant Laurence , Patte Catherine 
Published: September 2009

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of vinblastine for relapsed/refractory anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL). Patients and Methods Data were reviewed on all 36 patients included prospectively in the French database for pediatric ALCL who were treated with vinblastine (6 mg/m2/wk) for resistant primary disease (one), a first relapse (15), or subsequent relapses (20). Fifteen patients had undergone hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) for a previous relapse. Results Six patients were not evaluable for response, 25 (83%) of 30 evaluable patients achieved a complete remission (CR), and five experienced progressive disease. Among the 31 patients who achieved a CR with vinblastine or before its initiation, six patients were treated with HSCT and 25 with vinblastine alone (median duration, 14 months). Overall, nine of 25 patients treated with vinblastine alone have remained in CR (median, 7 years since the end of treatment), and 16 patients have relapsed. Vinblastine was still efficient for subsequent relapses. With a median follow-up of 9.2 years, 12 patients have died (four as a result of toxicity after HSCT and eight as a result of disease), and 24 patients are alive (15 following treatment with single-agent vinblastine for the last event). Five-year overall survival is 65% (95% CI, 48% to 79%), and 5-year event-free survival is 30% (95% CI, 17% to 47%). Conclusion Vinblastine is highly efficient in relapsed ALCL and may produce durable remissions. The optimal treatment duration still has to be assessed. These results should be borne in mind when designing future phase II studies with the targeted therapies directed against anaplastic lymphoma kinase.
5-Year Survival in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in a Randomized, Phase III Trial of Fludarabine Plus Cyclophosphamide With or Without Oblimersen
Authors: O'Brien Susan , Moore Joseph O. , Boyd Thomas E. , Larratt Loree M. , Skotnicki Aleksander B. , Koziner Benjamin , Chanan-Khan Asher A. , Seymour John F. , Gribben John , Itri Loretta M. , Rai Kanti R. 
Published: September 2009

Purpose A randomized trial of oblimersen plus fludarabine/cyclophosphamide (OBL-FC; n = 120) versus FC (n = 121) was conducted in patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The primary end point was met: the complete response (CR) rate, defined as complete or nodular partial response, was significantly greater with OBL-FC than with FC (17% v 7%; P = .025). Among patients with CR, response duration was significantly longer with OBL-FC than with FC (median not reached; > 36 months v 22 months; P = .03). Maximum benefit with OBL-FC, including a four-fold increase in CR rate and a survival benefit with 3 years of follow-up (hazard ratio, 0.53; P = .05), was observed in patients with fludarabine-sensitive disease. We evaluated long-term survival and poststudy CLL therapy among all randomly assigned patients. Methods Poststudy CLL treatment information was collected. Patients were observed for survival for up to 5 years from the date of random assignment. Results Poststudy CLL treatment was balanced between arms. Intent-to-treat analysis of 5-year survival showed no significant between-treatment difference (hazard ratio, 0.87; P = .34). Among the greater than 40% of patients with complete or partial remission, a significant 5-year survival benefit was observed with OBL-FC (hazard ratio, 0.60; P = .038). Among patients with fludarabine-sensitive disease who had previously demonstrated maximum benefit with OBL-FC, the previously observed survival benefit improved: a 50% reduction in the risk of death was observed (P = .004). Conclusion In relapsed/refractory CLL, OBL combined with FC offers patients who achieve complete or partial remission, as well as those who have fludarabine-sensitive disease, a significant survival benefit.
Relationship Between Potentially Modifiable Lifestyle Factors and Risk of Second Primary Contralateral Breast Cancer Among Women Diagnosed With Estrogen Receptor–Positive Invasive Breast Cancer
Authors: Li Christopher I. , Daling Janet R. , Porter Peggy L. , Tang Mei-Tzu C. , Malone Kathleen E. 
Published: September 2009

PurposeAn outcome of considerable concern among breast cancer survivors is the development of second primary breast cancer. However, evidence regarding how potentially modifiable lifestyle factors modulate second breast cancer risk is limited. We evaluated the relationships between obesity, alcohol consumption, and smoking on risk of second primary invasive contralateral breast cancer among breast cancer survivors.MethodsUtilizing a population-based nested case-control study design, we enrolled 365 patients diagnosed with an estrogen receptor–positive (ER+) first primary invasive breast cancer and a second primary contralateral invasive breast cancer, and 726 matched controls diagnosed with only an ER+ first primary invasive breast cancer. Obesity, alcohol use, and smoking data were ascertained from medical record reviews and participant interviews. Using conditional logistic regression we evaluated associations between these three exposures and second primary contralateral breast cancer risk.ResultsObesity, consumption of ≥ 7 alcoholic beverages per week, and current smoking were all positively related to risk of contralateral breast cancer (odds ratio [OR], 1.4; 95% CI, 1.0 to 2.1; OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.2; and OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.0, respectively). Compared with women who consumed fewer than seven alcoholic beverages per week and were never or former smokers, women who consumed ≥ 7 drinks per week and were current smokers had a 7.2-fold (95% CI, 1.9 to 26.5) elevated risk of contralateral breast cancer.ConclusionOur population-based study adds to the limited available literature and suggests that obesity, smoking, and alcohol consumption influence contralateral breast cancer risk, affording breast cancer survivors three means of potentially reducing this risk.
Diagnosis and Initial Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Cancer
Authors: Streiff Michael B. 
Published: September 2009

Purpose Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication of cancer and its therapy. The purpose of this article is to review the diagnosis and initial treatment of VTE in the patient with cancer. Methods I conducted a survey of the English-language literature on topics relevant to the diagnosis and initial treatment of VTE in patients with cancer. Results Patients with cancer are at increased risk for VTE because of the presence of multiple risk factors for thrombotic disease. The most common signs and symptoms of VTE as well as the utility of clinical prediction rules and D-dimer testing in the diagnosis of VTE in the patient with cancer are reviewed. Duplex ultrasound and computer tomography angiography are the primary objective diagnostic modalities for VTE. Low molecular weight heparin is the preferred initial therapy for VTE. Until further data emerge, thrombolysis and vena cava filters should be reserved for patients in whom anticoagulation is insufficient or contraindicated. Outpatient management is feasible for carefully selected patients with cancer with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and low-risk pulmonary embolism. Anticoagulation is the preferred initial therapy for cancer patients with central venous catheter–associated DVT, calf DVT, and unsuspected VTE. Conclusion Optimal initial management of VTE in patients with cancer entails maintaining a high index of suspicion for thrombotic disease, confirming diagnostic suspicions with objective testing and evidence-based use of anticoagulation, and adjunctive therapeutic modalities (thrombolysis, vena cava interruption, venous stenting). Further investigation of initial diagnostic and treatment strategies for VTE focusing on patients with cancer are warranted.
A New Simple Method for Maturity of Finite Groups and Application to Fullerenes and Fluxional Molecules
Authors: Moghani Ali 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Matured and unmatured groups were introduced by S. Fujita who used them in the Q-conjugacy character table of a finite group (Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.1998, 71, 2071). He then applied his results in this area of research to enumerate isomers of molecules. In this paper, we introduce a new simple method to specify how a given finite group is matured or unmatured via some useful examples. The Q-conjugacy character tables of the fullerene C80 and tetranitrocubane are then verified.
Identification of Thiacyanine J-aggregates Adsorbed on Single Silver Nanoaggregates by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering and Emission Spectroscopy
Authors: Kitahama Yasutaka , Tanaka Yuhei , Itoh Tamitake , Ishikawa Mitsuru , Ozaki Yukihiro 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
By lifting the limitation of ensemble measurement, concentration dependence of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and background emission spectra were clearly observed in single Ag nanoaggregates adsorbed by thiacyanine dyes in aqueous solutions (0.5 µM–0.5 nM). Both SERS and background emission spectra at higher dye concentrations characterize the J-aggregates of thiacyanine dyes. On the other hand, no background emission was observed at lower dye concentrations, thereby suggesting that background emission is attributable to J-aggregates of thiacyanine dyes. Furthermore, temporally-stable and -fluctuating SERS spectra, together with the appearance and disappearance of SERS peaks in the 1000–400 cm−1 region, are discussed in terms of the J-aggregates and the monomers plus dimers of thiacyanine dyes.
Extension of Density Functional Theory to Nuclear Orbital plus Molecular Orbital Theory: Self-Consistent Field Calculations with the Colle–Salvetti Electron–Nucleus Correlation Functional
Authors: Imamura Yutaka , Tsukamoto Yasuhiro , Kiryu Hiroyoshi , Nakai Hiromi 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Non Born–Oppenheimer self-consistent field calculations including not only electron–electron (e–e) exchange correlation but also electron–nucleus (e–n) correlation energies have been carried out. In this study, Colle–Salvetti and B3LYP functionals for the e–n correlation and e–e exchange-correlation energies are adopted. Numerical assessments confirm that the standard enthalpies of formation are well reproduced for the G2-1 set. We also apply this method to ammoniated ammonium ion (N2H7+), one of the “vibrational bonding” systems, and discuss nuclear quantum effects such as the isotope effect.
Substituent Effects on Formation of Cation Dimers by Weak Hydrogen Bonds in Crystals of Carbonyl Pyridinium Salts of Ni(dmit)2
Authors: Tomono Kazuaki , Koyano Ayako , Morita Takashi , Miyamura Kazuo 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Five 1:1 salts of 3-X-1-methylpyridinium (X = benzoyl, acetyl, methoxycarbonyl, carboxy, and aminocarbonyl; abbreviated as Ben, Ace, Met, Car, and Ami, respectively) cations with a [Ni(dmit)2]− anion ([Ben]+[Ni(dmit)2]− (1), [Ace]+[Ni(dmit)2]− (2), [Met]+[Ni(dmit)2]− (3), [Car]+[Ni(dmit)2]− (4), and [Ami]+[Ni(dmit)2]− (5)) have been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis and conductivity measurements. In the crystals, three cations 1–3 were found to form dimers by weak C–H···O hydrogen bonds, and the arrangements of cations had a strong relation with the electronic effect of the substituents. The cations of 1–3 formed similar centrosymmetrically associated dimers constructed by weak C–H···O hydrogen bonds, whose geometric parameters had a correlation with the electronic effect of the substituents. A cation of 4 also formed centrosymmetrically associated dimer, but it was made by an O–H···O hydrogen bond as usually observed in the case of carboxylic acid. In contrast with other complex salts, cations of 5 formed one-dimensional structure by C–H···O hydrogen bonding. The conductivities of salts 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 at room temperature were 1.00 × 10−6, 1.10 × 10−6, 2.86 × 10−6, 9.77 × 10−6, and 8.75 × 10−7 S cm−1, respectively.
Quantitative Analysis of Structural Defect in Silicalite by Rietveld Refinements Using X-ray Powder Diffraction and 29Si MAS NMR
Authors: Inui Masamichi , Ikeda Takuji , Suzuki Tatsuya , Sugita Keisuke , Mizukami Fujio 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
The results of conventional powder X-ray diffraction and 29Si solid-state MAS NMR spectroscopy were used to investigate the distribution of Si atom defects in a silicalite optimized for the vapor-phase Beckmann rearrangement process. Powder diffraction data of the dehydrated sample were collected for carrying out accurate Rietveld analysis at room temperature, indicating orthorhombic symmetry of space group Pnma. The result of the 29Si MAS NMR spectrum analysis indicated that the number of Si atom defects in silicalite was 1.6 per unit cell. In addition, the result of Rietveld refinement suggested that the defects preferentially appeared at the T2, T3, and T6 sites, which were located along the wall of the straight channels of the MFI structure. The number of lattice defects estimated from the refined structural parameters was 1.5 per unit cell, which was consistent with that estimated from the 29Si MAS NMR analysis.
Gallosilicate-Based Catalysts for NOx-SCR with CH4
Authors: Nagashima Koji , Nakamura Sayaka , Okada Keisuke , Nakahira Atsushi , Aritani Hirofumi 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Ga-incorporated H-MFI (GaMFI) metallosilicate catalysts show robust activity for selective catalytic reduction of NOx (NOx-SCR) with CH4, although the reactivity of NO–CH4 is very low in the absence of O2. Over these catalysts, NOx–CH4 reaction proceeds selectively in the presence of O2. In contrast, FeMFI shows high activity for NO–CH4 reaction without O2, although no reactivity is shown in the presence of O2. In addition, transition-metal ion modification on FeMFI does not enhance NOx-SCR activity. From the results of XRD and XAFS characterization at Ga and Si K-edges, active Ga species are incorporated in H-MFI frameworks with Td symmetry. Local structure around Ga is very stable but distorted Si–O4 local structure can be formed after NOx-SCR reaction with CH4.
A Comparative Study on the Formation and Spectral Properties of the Polypseudorotaxanes of β-Cyclodextrin and Poly(propylene glycol) under Different Conditions
Authors: Guo Xue Qing , Song Le Xin , Dang Zheng , Du Fang Yun 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
The results of this paper answer the questions, “Can hydrothermal conditions with higher pressure and higher temperature be used for the preparation of polypseudorotaxanes of cyclodextrins with polymers? If yes, do the prepared polypseudorotaxanes have different stoichiometries and spectral properties from those obtained by the same hosts and guests under nonhydrothermal conditions?” Two polypseudorotaxanes, 1 and 2, formed by PPG and β-CD, were prepared with magnetic stirring and a hydrothermal method, respectively, in this work. Our results indicate that different host–guest stoichiometries and stacking forms between 1 and 2 significantly change their structural properties and thermal behaviors, implying that a close relationship exists between preparation conditions and spectral properties of the polypseudorotaxanes.