bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Integrative Bargaining Paradigm for Investigating Multidisciplinary Design Tradeoffs
Authors: Brown Clifford E. , Selvaraj Jonathan A. , Zaff Brian S. , McNeese Michael D. , Whitaker Randall D. 
Published: January 2012

In design teams, decision making entails negotiation among parties pursuing common goals with potentially divergent interests and objectives (Bucciarelli, 1988). In multidisciplinary design teams, these parties negotiate from perspectives further biased by their respective backgrounds, expertise, and roles. System design can be improved if we better understand how technical data are communicated and assimilated, how mutually advantageous tradeoffs are discovered, and how the managing of design tradeoffs can best be supported. As part of our larger research effort in Collaborative Design Technology, we are examining the processes by which integrative design tradeoffs are realized, in preparation for enhancing these processes through data visualization and communication tools facilitating mutual understanding and consensual decision making. This initial report describes our work to date in creating and validating an experimental paradigm to serve as a testbed for subsequent studies of multidisciplinary design practice. This paper describes the paradigm and the initial attempts to demonstrate its ecological validity. This initial validation effort involved a comparison of novices and experts in the field of design and their performance on the design decision making task. We found that experts performed better than novices on the design task, which provided initial validation support for the experimental paradigm.
Introducing Human-Centered Design Early in the Engineering Curriculum
Authors: Greenstein Joel S. 
Published: January 2012

This paper focuses on the development and implementation of a cross-disciplinary, project-driven course on human-centered design. The sophomore-level course is required of all students in the industrial engineering major. The course prerequisites are a part of the college-wide freshman engineering curriculum, enabling students in other engineering majors to take the course as well. The primary objective of this course is to introduce the product development process and human-centered methodologies for designing engineering systems into the engineering curriculum. Additional objectives are to: • Let the students experience the product development process through a semester-long, real-world design project. • Prepare students to work with other specialists in the kind of cross-functional design teams employed in engineering practice. • Educate students to focus early and continually on the customers and users of their products. • Use a variety of writing and speaking activities to achieve active participation in the educational process, team building, and a class environment dedicated to professional success. • Enhance retention of engineering students by emphasizing collaborative learning and the product development process early in the curriculum.
Organizational Structure, Communication and Professional Relationships: Development and validation of measurement methods
Authors: Järvenpää Eila , Nousiainen Markku 
Published: January 2012

In developing organizations and in management of change we need to understand how organizations really work. Important issues include organizational structure, communication, contacts, and professional relationships. Methods developed in one working culture may not be directly applied in another one. Moreover, for repeated evaluations of change and for diagnosing purposes the reliability and validity of the measures are of great importance. This study deals with the development and validation of two measurement methods: the OSA (Organizational Structure Analysis) and the PRI (Professional Relationship Index) that originate from the UK and are being validated for the Finnish working culture. This paper considers mainly the validation of the PRI method. For the OSA, only preliminary results are described. The PRI was found in general a valid tool for analyzing professional interactions in work settings. Cross-cultural aspects were not influential in using the PRI. On the contrary, cultural differences in working life are an important issue for the OSA, especially when analyzing non-hierarchical organizational structures.
AC-130U Gunship AFT-Scanner Ergonomic Review: Design Solutions for Program Office
Authors: Wourms David F. , Gentner Frank C. , Farrell Jennifer L. 
Published: January 2012

Concerned about neck/back pain and diminished alertness attributed to awkwardness of AC-130U Spectre Gunship aft-scanner workstations, the Special Operations Forces Development System Office (SOF DSO) requested that the Crew System Ergonomics Information Analysis Center (CSERIAC) review the literature for design solutions. Aft-scanners recline face-down toward the aircraft's tail while leaning downward into a bubble window to detect launches of Surface-to-Air Missiles (SAMs). To scan territory below and to the sides of the Gunship, numerous head/neck movements are required. No neck/head rests exist to support the scanner during long missions over hostile territory. Diminished visual alertness can result from fatigue of maintaining the “unnatural” prone position. Long-term back and neck discomfort may follow. The comprehensive CSERIAC literature review verified adverse physiological effects and identified specific design solutions, including ones used during World War II flight tests. The DSO has already implemented several of these solutions and may implement additional solutions to increase mission effectiveness.
Placement Opportunities and Preparing for the Human Factors and Ergonomics Marketplace
Authors: Moroney W. F. 
Published: January 2012

The first two presentations of this symposium present the results of an analysis of 159 placement announcements listed with the HFES Placement Service during 1994–1995. The first presentation describes the characteristics of 129 industry, government and consulting positions; while the second presentation describes the characteristics of 10 academic and 20 internship positions. The ability to perform as a team member was cited often and is the focus of the third and fourth presentations. The third presentation discusses the importance of the team experience in today's work place. It also describes how three educators incorporated a team experience into their courses. The last presentation of this symposium highlights various benefits and potential problems of groups and teams and focuses on strategies for successfully implementing student teams in the classroom.
Recurring Accidents in Transportation Systems
Authors: Wogalter Michael S. 
Published: January 2012

The four papers in this symposium all deal with events and accidents in surface transportation systems which display a continuing condition. The recurring aspect of these events allows patterns to emerge, associated environmental conditions to be reviewed and demographics to be considered. Human factors/ergonomics analyses and some suggested remedial actions are included for each of the accident types. All four papers deal with elements related to forensic and litigation contexts and provide insights, information and techniques for human factors practitioners in this field. Some observations and insights into the U.S. legal system are also included. The specific topics dealt with in this symposium are: 1) Automatic shoulder belt/manual lap belt restraint systems in late model automobiles and their effect on users and accidents, 2) Pedestrian accidents, repeating patterns, and the need for lawyer, prosecutors, and judges to be more sophisticated in the limitation of both drivers and pedestrians in these situations, 3) Individuals falling out of moving passenger trains in both the U.S. and the U.K. and Amtrak's response, and 4) Misconceptions about how the expectancies of drivers affect their detection and perception of objects in night driving conditions.
Perspectives on U.S. Army Physical Requirements: Problems and Current Approaches to Solutions
Authors: Headley Donald B. , Rice Valerie J. 
Published: January 2012

Of the various types of occupational standards (e.g., cognitive, formal education, manual dexterity) two of the more important considerations for military operations are physical demands and anthropometric characteristics. Fifty-seven percent of Army entry level jobs have a physical demands rating of heavy or very heavy (i.e., occasional lifting of 100 or more pounds, & frequent or constant lifting of 50 pounds). Also, the issue of fit is important given that current assignment opportunities for women have greatly increased, and given that typically the design envelope on a given dimension for most equipment has been the 5th to 95th percentile male. Inadequate matching of personnel capabilities and task assignments results in increased costs in the form of supplemental training, inadequate performance, and work-related injuries. Summary of the Four Presentations In order to address these issues, the mismatches in physical demands and anthropometric design parameters must first be clearly defined. The first two presentations in this symposium address these issues. The initial presentation demonstrates an occupation specific data base management system which can be used to assist research efforts, identify jobs most in need of redesign, and set training and performance standards. The second presentation describes a research effort that identifies anthropometric dimensions of military clothing, equipment, and workstations and the level of compatibility (height-reach characteristics) of these fielded systems with female soldier anthropometrics. Once the potential problems are clearly defined, remedial methods must be explored. Task/equipment redesign, personnel selection, and training are methods typically suggested for addressing ergonomic issues and enhancing job performance. Two of these key methods are addressed in this symposium. The third presentation discusses physical training issues, including general versus task-specific training regimens and their potential influence in improving military performance, increasing soldier safety, and decreasing attrition. The final presentation describes a procedure for identifying, evaluating, and redesigning physically demanding tasks and equipment. This solution is the recommended procedure for ensuring soldier safety by designing a task to eliminate the hazard itself. Project Goals This symposium follows an ergonomic systems approach of analyzing the problem, designing and implementing appropriate interventions and establishing methods for evaluating the effectiveness of those interventions (e.g., analyzing cost-benefit tradeoffs of potential implementations). By closely matching job demands with human capabilities and limitations, the ability of all soldiers to perform their duties is enhanced. The goals of these projects and similar military research efforts represent a unified approach to enhance personnel utilization, sustain performance, and ensure the health and safety of our service members.
Presto: Multi-Media Distributed Network for Collaborative Work in Command and Control
Authors: Modrick John A. 
Published: January 2012

The human factors requirements are discussed in terms of support for individuals in a distributed C2 network and interactions to do collaborative work. PRESTO provides access to an orbiting Global Infosphere, a multi-source, multi-media data base on operational conditions and events. The system should facilitate development of shared situation awareness and coordinated actions. The approach to user interface is a concept of “Active View.” The content of each active view is defined by operational tasks and area of responsibility. The diversity of users requires a diversity of active views, each constructed to fit the characteristics of each application. The challenge to human factors is to develop an architecture of collaborative activities which can be mapped into PRESTO's software architecture and modules. These activities can be divided into single multi-media workstation, individual's active views in integrated multi-media format, collaborative transactions between workstations, and data integration into a shared situational representation. Taxonomies for collaborative behaviors and use of multi-media will have to be developed. An application to Joint Task Force is a probable implementation. The JTF is a distributed command group for rapid deployment and control of interservice forces in crisis management.
Neuroprotection with metformin and thymoquinone against ethanol-induced apoptotic neurodegeneration in prenatal rat cortical neurons
Authors: Ullah Ikram , Ullah Najeeb , Naseer Muhammad Imran , Lee Hae Young , Kim Myeong OK 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Background
Exposure to ethanol during early development triggers severe neuronal death by activating multiple stress pathways and causes neurological disorders, such as fetal alcohol effects or fetal alcohol syndrome. This study investigated the effect of ethanol on intracellular events that predispose developing neurons for apoptosis via calcium-mediated signaling. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms of ethanol neurotoxicity are not completely determined, mitochondrial dysfunction, altered calcium homeostasis and apoptosis-related proteins have been implicated in ethanol neurotoxicity. The present study was designed to evaluate the neuroprotective mechanisms of metformin (Met) and thymoquinone (TQ) during ethanol toxicity in rat prenatal cortical neurons at gestational day (GD) 17.5.

Results
We found that Met and TQ, separately and synergistically, increased cell viability after ethanol (100 mM) exposure for 12 hours and attenuated the elevation of cytosolic free calcium [Ca2+]c. Furthermore, Met and TQ maintained normal physiological mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔψM), which is typically lowered by ethanol exposure. Increased cytosolic free [Ca2+]c and lowered mitochondrial transmembrane potential after ethanol exposure significantly decreased the expression of a key anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2), increased expression of Bax, and stimulated the release of cytochrome-c from mitochondria. Met and TQ treatment inhibited the apoptotic cascade by increasing Bcl-2 expression. These compounds also repressed the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 and reduced the cleavage of PARP-1. Morphological conformation of cell death was assessed by TUNEL, Fluoro-Jade-B, and PI staining. These staining methods demonstrated more cell death after ethanol treatment, while Met, TQ or Met plus TQ prevented ethanol-induced apoptotic cell death.

Conclusion
These findings suggested that Met and TQ are strong protective agents against ethanol-induced neuronal apoptosis in primary rat cortical neurons. The collective data demonstrated that Met and TQ have the potential to ameliorate ethanol neurotoxicity and revealed a possible protective target mechanism for the damaging effects of ethanol during early brain development.
Bayesian filtering for indoor localization and tracking in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Dhital Anup , Closas Pau , Fernández-Prades Carles 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
In this article, we investigate experimentally the suitability of several Bayesian filtering techniques for the problem of tracking a moving device by a set of wireless sensor nodes in indoor environments. In particular, we consider a setup where a robot was equipped with an ultra-wideband (UWB) node emitting ranging signals; this information was captured by a network of static UWB sensor nodes that were in charge of range computation. With the latter, we ran, analyzed, and compared filtering techniques to track the robot. Namely, we considered methods falling into two families: Gaussian filters and particle filters. Results shown in the article are with real data and correspond to an experimental setup where the wireless sensor network was deployed. Additionally, statistical analysis of the real data is provided, reinforcing the idea that in this kind of ranging measurements, the Gaussian noise assumption does not hold. The article also highlights the robustness of a particular filter, namely the cost-reference particle filter, to model inaccuracies which are typical in any practical filtering algorithm.
Music-aided affective interaction between human and service robot
Authors: Park Jeong-Sik , Jang Gil-Jin , Seo Yong-Ho 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis study proposes a music-aided framework for affective interaction of service robots with humans. The framework consists of three systems, respectively, for perception, memory, and expression on the basis of the human brain mechanism. We propose a novel approach to identify human emotions in the perception system. The conventional approaches use speech and facial expressions as representative bimodal indicators for emotion recognition. But, our approach uses the mood of music as a supplementary indicator to more correctly determine emotions along with speech and facial expressions. For multimodal emotion recognition, we propose an effective decision criterion using records of bimodal recognition results relevant to the musical mood. The memory and expression systems also utilize musical data to provide natural and affective reactions to human emotions. For evaluation of our approach, we simulated the proposed human-robot interaction with a service robot, iRobiQ. Our perception system exhibited superior performance over the conventional approach, and most human participants noted favorable reactions toward the music-aided affective interaction.
Identifying co-targets to fight drug resistance based on a random walk model
Authors: Chen Liang-Chun , Yeh Hsiang-Yuan , Yeh Cheng-Yu , Arias Carlos Roberto , Soo Von-Wun 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Background
Drug resistance has now posed more severe and emergent threats to human health and infectious disease treatment. However, wet-lab approaches alone to counter drug resistance have so far still achieved limited success due to less knowledge about the underlying mechanisms of drug resistance. Our approach apply a heuristic search algorithm in order to extract active network under drug treatment and use a random walk model to identify potential co-targets for effective antibacterial drugs.

Results
We use interactome network of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and gene expression data which are treated with two kinds of antibiotic, Isoniazid and Ethionamide as our test data. Our analysis shows that the active drug-treated networks are associated with the trigger of fatty acid metabolism and synthesis and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-related processes and those results are consistent with the recent experimental findings. Efflux pumps processes appear to be the major mechanisms of resistance but SOS response is significantly up-regulation under Isoniazid treatment. We also successfully identify the potential co-targets with literature confirmed evidences which are related to the glycine-rich membrane, adenosine triphosphate energy and cell wall processes.

Conclusions
With gene expression and interactome data supported, our study points out possible pathways leading to the emergence of drug resistance under drug treatment. We develop a computational workflow for giving new insights to bacterial drug resistance which can be gained by a systematic and global analysis of the bacterial regulation network. Our study also discovers the potential co-targets with good properties in biological and graph theory aspects to overcome the problem of drug resistance.
"Familial" versus "sporadic" intellectual disability: contribution of subtelomeric rearrangements
Authors: Rafati Maryam , Ghadirzadeh Mohammad R , Heshmati Yaser , Adibi Homeira , Keihanidoust Zarrintaj , Eshraghian Mohammad R , Dastan Jila , Hoseini Azadeh , Purhoseini Marzieh , Ghaffari Saeed R 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Background
Cryptic subtelomeric rearrangements have been proposed as a significant cause of sporadic intellectual disability (ID) but the role of such aberrations in familial ID has not yet been studied. As positive family history of ID had been proposed as an important and significant predicting factor of subtelomeric rearrangements, it was assumed that the contribution of subtelomeric aberrations in familial ID would be much more than the sporadic ones. Three hundred and twenty two patients from 102 unrelated families with more than two ID patients in the first degree relatives have been investigated. Assessment of subtelomeric rearrangements were carried out using Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) technique. Detected aberrations were then confirmed by Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (FISH) method.

Results
Among the families studied, 27.4% had 4-12, 36.3% had 3 and 36.3% had 2 affected individuals in the first degree relatives. One unbalanced translocation and 4 polymorphic changes were detected. The prevalence of clinically significant subtelomeric rearrangements was 0.98%.

Conclusion
This is the first investigation of subtelomeric aberrations in a large sample set of familial ID patients. Our results show that the contribution of subtelomeric rearrangements to familial ID is not as much as what had been determined for sporadic ones in the literature. Moreover, this study shows that the positive family history by alone, cannot be the most important and determining indicator of subtelomeric aberrations while it would be a good predicting factor when associated with dysmorphism or congenital malformations. These findings propose that other cryptic chromosomal abnormalities or even single gene disorders may be the main cause of familial ID rather than subtelomeric aberrations.
A recurrent translocation is mediated by homologous recombination between HERV-H elements
Authors: Hermetz Karen E , Surti Urvashi , Cody Jannine D , Rudd M Katharine 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Background
Chromosome rearrangements are caused by many mutational mechanisms; of these, recurrent rearrangements can be particularly informative for teasing apart DNA sequence-specific factors. Some recurrent translocations are mediated by homologous recombination between large blocks of segmental duplications on different chromosomes. Here we describe a recurrent unbalanced translocation casued by recombination between shorter homologous regions on chromosomes 4 and 18 in two unrelated children with intellectual disability.

Results
Array CGH resolved the breakpoints of the 6.97-Megabase (Mb) loss of 18q and the 7.30-Mb gain of 4q. Sequencing across the translocation breakpoints revealed that both translocations occurred between 92%-identical human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) elements in the same orientation on chromosomes 4 and 18. In addition, we find sequence variation in the chromosome 4 HERV that makes one allele more like the chromosome 18 HERV.

Conclusions
Homologous recombination between HERVs on the same chromosome is known to cause chromosome deletions, but this is the first report of interchromosomal HERV-HERV recombination leading to a translocation. It is possible that normal sequence variation in substrates of non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR) affects the alignment of recombining segments and influences the propensity to chromosome rearrangement.