bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlations Between KIc and Charpy V-Notch Test Results in the Transition-Temperature Range
Authors: Barsom JM , Rolfe ST 
Published: March 2009

Charpy V-notch (CVN) impact-test results are used widely in various toughness specifications even though the energy absorption values cannot be related directly to structural design. Conversely, KIc, the plane-strain stress-intensity factor at onset of unstable crack growth, can be related to structural design, but KIc test results usually are not used in toughness specifications. To the designer, however, KIc values are more useful than CVN values. An investigation, therefore, was conducted to determine whether correlations could be developed between KIc and CVN test results in the transition-temperature range to assist both the materials engineer and the structural designer.
The results showed that various correlations do exist between KIc and CVN test results in the transition-temperature range. Static KIc values were correlated with the energy absorptions determined with slow-bend fatigue-cracked CVN specimens, and dynamic KIc values were correlated with the energy absorptions determined with dynamic fatigue-cracked CVN specimens. Empirical correlations also were developed between the results of slow-bend KIc tests and the results of standard CVN impact tests for the transition-temperature region as well as the upper-shelf region. Furthermore, the results show that slow-bend and impact CVN data can be used to predict the effects of dynamic loading on KIc values.
In general, the results of this investigation have shown that correlations between KIc and CVN test results do exist, and that these correlations can be used to estimate KIc values as well as the effect of loading rate on KIc from CVN test results.
Slow-Bend KIc Testing of Medium-Strength High-Toughness Steels
Authors: Rolfe ST , Novak SR 
Published: March 2009

Linear-elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) has been used extensively to analyze the fracture behavior of steels having yield strengths greater than 200 ksi. Although theoretically LEFM can be used to analyze the behavior of all steels, it has not been used extensively to analyze the behavior of medium-strength (and lower-strength) high-toughness steels, because large plastic-zone sizes develop prior to fracture of these steels and test results are therefore difficult to analyze. Therefore, to establish the limitations of the LEFM approach to the analysis of medium-strength steels, a series of slow-bend KIc tests were conducted on various steels, with different levels of toughness.
The present paper describes the test procedures and analyses used in slow-bend KIc tests of steels having yield strengths from 110 to 246 ksi and Charpy V-notch impact energy absorption (+80 F) in the range 16 to 89 ft • lb. The range of KIc values for various pop-in criteria is presented as well as a discussion of the various factors affecting the slow-bend KIc testing of medium-strength high-toughness steels.
The results indicate that LEFM can be used to analyze the fracture behavior of medium-strength high-toughness steels. KIc values ranging from 87 to 246 ksi in. were obtained for the eleven steels investigated. Although the specimen sizes tested generally 2 in. thick) did not satisfy completely the recommended ASTM Committee E-24 size requirements (in some cases, the suggested sepcimen thicknesses were greater than 6 in.), the KIc values are considered to be representative on the basis of general strength and Charpy V-notch toughness levels and expected service performance. Therefore, the measured KIc values are estimated to be reliable for general engineering use, although some of the specimen sizes did not satisfy the current ASTM Committee E-24 requirements completely.
When KIc and Charpy V-notch energy-absorption values were normalized on the basis of yield strength, an empirical correlation was established over a wide range of yield strengths. Although such a correlation increases the confidence in both types of approaches to fracture analysis, the use of Charpy tests to predict KIc values is not recommended until additional test and service experience is obtained.
Effects of Environment and Complex Load History on Fatigue Life
Authors: Rosenfeld MS 
Published: March 2009

Description
The Symposium on Effects of Environment and Complex Load History on Fatigue Life was presented at the Fall Meeting of ASTM held in Atlanta, Ga., 29 September–4 October, 1968. Committee E09 on Fatigue sponsored the symposium. M. S. Rosenfeld, U.S. Naval Air Engineering Center, was responsible for the session on Cumulative Damage and Life Estimation. S. R. Swanson, MTS Systems, was responsible for the session on Fatigue Under Random Loads. D. W. Hoeppner, Battelle Memorial Institute and R. I. Stephens, University of Iowa, were responsible for the two sessions on Influence of Environment on Fatigue.
Impact Testing of Metals
Authors: Driscoll DE 
Published: March 2009

Description
The papers in the Symposium on Impact Testing of Metals were given at the Seventy-second Annual Meeting of the American Society for Testing and Mater als held in Atlantic City, N. J., 22-27 June 1969. The sponsors of this symposium were Committee E01 on Methods of Testing, Subcommittee 7 on Impact Testing, and Committee E24 on Fracture Testing of Metals. D. E. Driscoll, Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center, presided as symposium chairman.
Characterization and Determination of Erosion Resistance
Authors: Committee G-2  
Published: March 2009

Description
This publication is a collection of most of the papers presented at the Symposium on Characterization and Determination of Erosion Resistance, organized by Committee G02 on Erosion by Cavitation or Impingement in co-operation with the U. S. Office of Naval Research, at the Seventy-second Annual Meeting of the American Society for Testing and Materials held at Atlantic City, N. J., 22-27 June 1969. A Thiruvengadam, Hydronautics Inc., now at Catholic University of America, presided as chairman of the symposium, and F. J. Heyman, Westinghouse Electric Corp., presided as co-chairman of the symposium.
Companion Platform – Modular Software Platform for Rapid Development of Mobile ApplicationsCompanion Plattform – Modulare Softwareplattform zur schnellen Entwicklung von mobilen Anwendungen
Authors: Wichmann Daniel , Pielot Martin , Boll Susanne 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Mobility has become an important part of our daily life, but caused by numerous challenges the development of mobile applications in the sense of location-aware applications for mobile devices is complex and time-consuming. To overcome the challenges, a software support for rapid development of mobile applications is needed. Reusability is an appropriate approach to achieve this goal. When developing mobile applications it can be observed that some functionalities such as, e. g., location sensing and map display are required in most cases. Therefore we developed the Companion platform which provides these functionalities as reusable modules in a pre-defined architecture. It supports developers in the difficult mobile development by allowing them to realize their application ideas faster and with higher quality based on a simple building block concept. The Companion platform is used for a broad variety of applications and advances continuously based on long experiences in the area of mobile application development.
Review of Data Management Mechanisms on Mobile DevicesÜberblick über Datenmanagementmechanismen auf mobilen Endgeräten
Authors: Höpfner Hagen , Mansour Essam , Nicklas Daniela 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
The design of data management for mobile applications is a non-trivial task. Even with today´s much more powerful devices, we must consider limited resources: size and persistence of the local data storage, limited bandwidth and reliability of connection for data transmissions to remote servers, and constraint energy consumption of the used algorithms. In this article we focus on client/server approaches. We classify existing techniques and support the designer of data management functionalities for mobile applications with a set of fundamental characteristics of replication, hoarding and caching solutions.
Context Modeling for Mobile, Adaptive ApplicationsKontextmodellierung für mobile, adaptive Anwendungen
Authors: Nicklas Daniela , Grossmann Matthias , Wieland Matthias 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Context-aware applications adapt their behavior according to the current situation. In this paper we present a layered model to separate different tasks and concerns in designing data models for context-aware applications. The layers are discussed along the Nexus approach, which is designed to support large-scale, mobile applications by federated context models. Furthermore, related approaches are described and compared.
Dynamisches eigennütziges RoutingDynamic Selfish Routing
Authors: Fischer Simon 
Published: March 2009

Zusammenfassung
In der algorithmischen Spieltheorie modellieren wir das Verhalten von eigennützigen Agenten in großen Netzwerken als strategisches Spiel: Jeder Agent versucht, den eigenen Nutzen zu maximieren, ohne dabei auf mögliche Verschlechterungen für andere Agenten Rücksicht zu nehmen. Das dominierende Lösungskonzept in solchen Spielen ist das Nash-Gleichgewicht, ein Zustand, in dem kein Agent seine eigene Situation verbessern kann. Zwar ist es unstreitig, dass ein solcher Zustand stabil ist, aber es ist nicht unmittelbar klar, wie er erreicht werden kann, da eine Berechnung durch die Agenten auf Grund fehlenden Wissens und mangelnder Berechnungskraft nicht möglich ist. In dieser Arbeit betrachten wir daher ein dynamisches Modell, in dem die Agenten parallel und unabhängig voneinander einfache Verbesserungsschritte ausführen, die nur auf lokal verfügbarer Information basieren. Wir zeigen, dass eine Population von Agenten auf lange Sicht zu einem Nash-Gleichgewicht konvergiert. Ein Hauptproblem ist dabei das unkoordinierte parallele Vorgehen der Agenten, das zu einem Überschießen führen kann. Wir geben ein Kriterium an, das sicher stellt, dass dieser Effekt nicht auftritt, und zeigen, dass auch in sehr großen Netzwerken schnelle Konvergenz zum Gleichgewicht möglich ist.
Excellence Cluster “Cognitive Interaction Technology” – Cognition as a Basis for Natural Interaction with Technical SystemsExzellenzcluster “Cognitive Interaction Technology” — Kognition als Basis natürlicher Interaktion mit technischen Systemen
Authors: Ritter Helge , Sagerer Gerhard 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
What is necessary to enhance the command of complex technical systems in order to reach the ease and naturalness of human communication? How can we endow technical devices with the necessary cognitive abilities to support humans at a high level of semantic interaction offering true flexibility by virtue of adaptivity, self-organization, and learning? These are the guiding questions of the Excellence Cluster “Cognitive Interaction Technology” established since November 2007 at Bielefeld University. It focusses the efforts of computer scientists, psychologists, linguists, physicists and biologists on the goal of establishing cognitive interfaces that facilitate the use of complex technical systems by providing a high level of semantic interaction. This combines interdisciplinary, basic, and applied research beyond the classical confines of artificial intelligence. It aims at a thorough understanding of the processes and functional constituents of cognitive interaction in order to replicate it in technical systems including the development of evaluation methodologies and tool-kits for such systems. The research agenda of the EC is organized around four central topic areas: Motion Intelligence, Attentive Systems, Situated Communication, Memory and Learning. In addition, the EC is offering a cross-disciplinary education program.
Identification of a diffuse form of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia by 18-fluoro-l-3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine positron emission tomography/CT in a patient carrying a novel mutation of the HADH gene
Authors: Di Candia Stefania , Gessi Alessandra , Pepe Gino , Sogno Valin Paola , Mangano Eleonora , Chiumello Giuseppe , Gianolli Luigi , Proverbio Maria Carla , Mora Stefano 
Published: March 2009

ObjectiveCongenital hyperinsulinism is the most common cause of persistent hypoglycemia in infancy (HI), leading to severe neurologic disabilities if not promptly treated. The recent application of positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scanning with 18-fluoro-l-3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine improved the ability to distinguish the two histopathologic forms of HI (focal and diffuse), whose differentiation heavily influences the therapeutic management of the patient.Case reportWe describe the case of a patient presenting with severe hypoglycemia from infancy. High concentration of insulin suggested the diagnosis of congenital hyperinsulinism. No metabolic disorders related to amino acid, organic acids or fatty acid oxidation were detected. Medical treatment was able to obtain a satisfactory metabolic response.ResultsThe patient underwent PET/CT scanning, revealing a diffuse form of the disease. The absence of mutations inKCNJ11andABCC8genes (responsible for 50% of HI cases), and whole genome single nucleotide polymorphisms analysis by microarray suggested theHADHgene as a likely candidate. Sequence analysis revealed a novel homozygous nonsense mutation (R236X) inHADHgene.ConclusionsThis case indicates that mutations of theHADHgene should be sought in hyperinsulinemic patients in whom diffuse form of HI and autosomal recessive inheritance can be presumed whenKCNJ11andABCC8genes mutational screening is negative, even in the absence of altered organic acids and acylcarnitines concentration.
Occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in fish: Results of a national pilot study in the united states
Authors: Ramirez Alejandro J. , Brain Richard A. , Usenko Sascha , Mottaleb Mohammad A. , O'Donnell John G. , Stahl Leanne L. , Wathen John B. , Snyder Blaine D. , Pitt Jennifer L. , Perez-Hurtado Pilar , Dobbins Laura L. , Brooks Bryan W. , Chambliss C. Kevin 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products are being increasingly reported in a variety of biological matrices, including fish tissue; however, screening studies have presently not encompassed broad geographical areas. A national pilot study was initiated in the United States to assess the accumulation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in fish sampled from five effluent-dominated rivers that receive direct discharge from wastewater treatment facilities in Chicago, Illinois; Dallas, Texas; Orlando, Florida; Phoenix, Arizona; and West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA. Fish were also collected from the Gila River, New Mexico, USA, as a reference condition expected to be minimally impacted by anthropogenic influence. High performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of pharmaceuticals revealed the presence of norfluoxetine, sertraline, diphenhydramine, diltiazem, and carbamazepine at nanogram-per-gram concentrations in fillet composites from effluent-dominated sampling locations; the additional presence of fluoxetine and gemfibrozil was confirmed in liver tissue. Sertraline was detected at concentrations as high as 19 and 545 ng/g in fillet and liver tissue, respectively. Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of personal care products in fillet composites revealed the presence of galaxolide and tonalide at maximum concentrations of 2,100 and 290 ng/g, respectively, and trace levels of triclosan. In general, more pharmaceuticals were detected at higher concentrations and with greater frequency in liver than in fillet tissues. Higher lipid content in liver tissue could not account for this discrepancy as no significant positive correlations were found between accumulated pharmaceutical concentrations and lipid content for either tissue type from any sampling site. In contrast, accumulation of the personal care products galaxolide and tonalide was significantly related to lipid content. Results suggest that the detection of pharmaceuticals and personal care products was dependent on the degree of wastewater treatment employed.
Challenges, Lessons Learned, and Successful Implementations of Multilateral Completion Technology Offshore Abu Dhabi
Authors: Kikuchi Shuichi , Fada'q Abdulla S. 
Published: March 2009

Summary
Zakum Development Company (ZADCO), with the support from shareholders and the cooperation of Abu Dhabi Marine Operating Company (ADMA-OPCO), successfully completed the final design of the multilateral completion (MLC) system for Reservoirs A and B through the Multilateral Tie Back System (MLTBS) project. Well T-2 in the Upper Zakum field was recompleted as dual lateral/dual producer using a re-entry drilling system (RDS) Version 2 and a dual bore deflector (DBD) oriented and set on a latch coupling in the 7-in. liner hanger assembly.
According to Technology Advancement Multilateral (TAML) level specification, the final MLC is categorized as TAML Level-4 E-2-PN-D/4-TR-SEP (Level-4, existing well application, two junction, producer with natural lift, dual completion, tubing reentry, separated flow). The multilateral liner hanger (MLLH) system (i.e., accommodating a latch coupling in 7-in. liner hanger assembly to have a certain access to the upper lateral) was the first successful application of that kind in the world.
The teamwork and integrated approach for the trial planning and implementation, as well as lessons learned from a predesign trial (TAML Level-4 E-2-PN-D-TR-SEP using straddle assembly) for Well T-1 completed in 2000, have led to reaching the final goal of the MLC in Well T-2, which provides ZADCO with the following reservoir benefits: -Independent coiled tubing access to the upper (Reservoir A) and lower laterals (Reservoir B) through a dual completion to perform effective stimulation and reservoir monitoring.-Full bore access to each lateral immediately after pulling out the completion, which is an additional feature to the predesign of an MLC for Well T-1.-Allow selective water shutoff to cope with water breakthrough into the upper-cased lateral.-Possibility of extending well life by drilling a secondary lateral through a window joint installed in the upper-cased lateral.
Moreover, another MLC trial, installed in the quadrant multilateral well RL-2 in 2005, has been successfully implemented by using mechanically selective through tubing re-entry equipment. This success was largely because of the lessons learned from a similar MLC design implemented in well RL-1 in 2001.
These successful trial implementations proved the MLC system is applicable for any new/re-entry wells in ZADCO reservoirs, which provides new methods of reservoir management, and creates new completion strategies for ZADCO field development.
This paper covers the MLC strategies, lessons learned through the successes and failures and the additional challenges planned for the future of the MLTBS project.
Cement-Shrinkage Measurement in Oilwell Cementing—A Comparative Study of Laboratory Methods and Procedures
Authors: Reddy B. R. , Xu Ying , Ravi Kris , Gray Dennis , Pattillo P. D. 
Published: March 2009

Summary
Cement-sheath shrinkage after placing the cement slurry in the annulus has been of concern in oilwell cementing because of the potential detrimental effects that shrinkage can have on long-term zonal isolation.
This paper compares several methods for measuring cement shrinkage under a variety of conditions including those downhole. Using the various methods, cement shrinkage in environments where the cement slurry is either closed to or open to external water sources was measured, and the values were compared. The methods used for measurement under atmospheric conditions were based on American Petroleum Institute (API) test apparatus (balloon and ring mold) and flask methods currently used in laboratories. Measurements under pressure were performed using the balloon and ring-mold methods, in-house designed equipment, and commercial equipment.
The values obtained by the different methods are discussed. Procedure modifications are proposed for measuring volume changes to cement slurries on the basis of placement time, shear history, and gel-strength development.
The results presented in this work can be used to test shrinkage characteristics of cement slurries in the laboratory under downhole conditions and to select a cement system that is fit for purpose.
Evaluation of Sand-Control Completions in the Duri Steamflood, Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Underdown David , Chan Henky 
Published: March 2009

Summary
The Duri field in Sumatra, Indonesia, shown in Fig. 1 and operated by Chevron Pacific Indonesia (CPI), is one of the largest onshore steamflood operations in the world. Producing heavy oil (approximately 25°API) from an essentially unconsolidated reservoir with a depth that ranges from 300 to 700 ft using steam injection at 300 to 400°F poses a unique challenge in designing an effective, yet economic, completion. One of the biggest problems associated with the production of the crude oil in this environment is the production of massive amounts of solids. In addition to the cost of the recompletions, problems associated with disposing of this amount of sand—and the effect the produced solids have on the facilities, such as stabilization of emulsions—are a large cost to operations.
A program was initiated in 2002 to evaluate the effectiveness of the completions in the Duri field. This effort involved evaluated field data, such as the frequency and type of workovers, the amount and size of produced solids, the nature and number of failed liners, and the frequency of stuck sucker-rod pumps, to understand the efficiency of the sand-control completions better. Local sand-control gravel used in the completions was evaluated for steam dissolution and adherence to American Petroleum Institute (API) gravel-pack-sand standards. An audit of the primary sand-control-screen manufacturer was also conducted to evaluate the quality of the sand-control screens used in the completions. In addition, on-site inspections of the operational aspects of the completions were completed. The results of the program showed that the completion designs and sand-control screens were up to industry standards. However, several operational aspects were identified as opportunities for improvement. The results of the program are presented, and items for improvement of the completion for thermal wells in the Duri field are discussed in this paper.