bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verbesserung der Therapiesicherheit durch eine einheitliche Kalibration von POCT-Glukose-Messgeräten auf Plasma Stellungnahme der Arbeitsgruppe POCT der Deutschen Vereinten Gesellschaft für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsmedizin / Improvement of therapeutic safety through standardized plasma calibration of blood glucose test systems at the point-of-care Statement of the POCT Working Group of the German Society for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (DGKL)
Authors: Koschinsky Für die Arbeitsgruppe POCT: Theodor , Junker Ralf , Luppa Peter B. , Schlebusch Harald 
Published: December 2009

Zusammenfassung
Blutglukosebestimmungen werden heute weitgehend patientennah im ambulanten und stationären Bereich sowie bei der Patientenselbstkontrolle mit Hilfe mobiler Kleingeräte durchgeführt. Obwohl im Allgemeinen kapilläres oder venöses Vollblut verwendet wird, können die Ergebnisse – abhängig von der unterschiedlichen Kalibration der Teststreifen durch die Hersteller – als Vollblutglukose oder als Plasmaglukose angegeben werden, was einen Unterschied von ca. 11% ausmacht. Daraus können therapeutische Fehlentscheidungen resultieren. Um das Risiko einer Verwechslung von Vollblut- und Plasmaglukoseergebnissen zu vermeiden, hat die IFCC 2005 vorgeschlagen, Glukoseergebnisse – unabhängig von Probentyp und Messmethode – nur noch als Plasmawerte anzugeben. Dieser Empfehlung sollte auch in Deutschland möglichst rasch gefolgt werden.
Can the Liquid Live Micro-Organisms System, a Commercial Probiotic, Affect Sediment, Water Quality, and Koi Carp Production in Fish Hatchery Ponds?
Authors: Barkoh Aaron , Paret John M , Lyon Dale D , Schlechte J Warren 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Sediment and turbidity can reduce pond and effluent water quality and fish production. We investigated the efficacy of a commercial bacterial product, Liquid Live Micro-Organisms (LLMO) System, in reducing sediment accumulation and improving water quality and fish production in hatchery ponds for 4.5 months. Four plastic-lined ponds received LLMO treatment at a rate of 1 L per 63,230 L of pond water at 2-week intervals throughout the study and additional twice-weekly applications during the last 6 weeks of the study. Another four ponds were untreated and served as the control. All ponds were cleaned of bottom sediments, supplied with plastic containers (33–34 containers/ha) to collect sediment samples, filled with water, and managed to control Prymnesium parvum ichthyotoxicity. Koi (a variant of the common carp Cyprinus carpio) were stocked into ponds as fry and were fed a commercial diet. Turbidity, Secchi disk visibility, chlorophyll a, pH, ammonia-nitrogen, suspended solids, carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, and water temperature were monitored throughout the study. Sediment and fish production data were collected at the end of the study. Statistically, LLMO had no significant effect on sediment accumulation or any of the measured water quality variables and consequently had no effect on fish production. Our results did not support claims or reports that LLMO can reduce sediment accumulation or improve water quality and fish production. Two issues (small sample size and low LLMO application rate) may have confounded our results, thereby preventing us from making firm conclusions on the effects of LLMO on sediments, water quality, and fish production. We recommend that future studies be undertaken to address these issues.
Contaminant Concentrations in Juvenile Fall Chinook Salmon from Columbia River Hatcheries
Authors: Johnson Lyndal L , Willis Maryjean L , Olson O Paul , Pearce Ronald W , Sloan Catherine A , Ylitalo Gina M 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Previous studies have reported elevated chemical contaminant concentrations in out-migrant juvenile salmon from the lower Columbia River. Hatchery rearing is a potential exposure pathway, as contaminants have been measured in hatchery fish and feed from other regions. In this study, we analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides including dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethanes (DDTs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in juvenile fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and feed from eight hatcheries (Big Creek Hatchery, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; Elochoman, Cowlitz, Washougal, Klickitat, and Priest Rapids hatcheries, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; Little White Salmon National Fish Hatchery; and Spring Creek National Fish Hatchery) that release fish into the lower Columbia River. In feed samples, the mean concentrations of summed PCBs, summed DDTs, and summed PAHs were 14, 27, and 370 ng/g wet weight, respectively. In Chinook salmon bodies, mean concentrations of summed PCBs, summed DDTs, and summed PAHs were 17, 9.0, and 30 ng/g wet weight, respectively; metabolites of PAHs were also detected in Chinook salmon bile. Other organochlorine pesticides were detected at low levels (&lt;5 ng/g wet weight) in feed and Chinook salmon from all hatcheries. Concentrations of PBDEs in feed and fish from all hatcheries were low (&lt;3 and &lt;1 ng/g wet weight, respectively). Contaminant exposure levels in hatchery Chinook salmon were generally below those associated with adverse effects on salmon health and also lower than those in field-collected juvenile fall Chinook salmon of hatchery origin from the lower Columbia River, suggesting that the river is a more important source of contamination than are the hatcheries.
The Safety and Effectiveness of Various Hydrogen Peroxide and Iodine Treatment Regimens for Rainbow Trout Egg Disinfection
Authors: Wagner Eric J , Oplinger Randall W , Arndt Ronney E , Forest Anna M , Bartley Matthew 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Four tests were conducted to evaluate iodine and hydrogen peroxide for the disinfection of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss eggs at higher doses for shorter durations than previously studied. In the first test, eyed eggs were exposed to (1) 2,000 mg iodine/L for 10 min, (2) 100 mg iodine/L for 15 min, (3) 30 g hydrogen peroxide/L for 1 min, (4) 6 g hydrogen peroxide/L for 5 min, or (5) no treatment. Iodine (2,000 mg/L) or hydrogen peroxide (30 g/L) significantly reduced bacterial loads on eggs but did not significantly affect egg survival or fry deformity rates. Hydrogen peroxide at 30 g/L for 1 min was generally better for bacterial control than the other treatments, but the 2,000-mg/L iodine treatment also was effective. A second test assessed the effect of hydrogen peroxide on pH at various levels of water hardness. The pH of hydrogen peroxide solutions dropped as total hardness levels decreased, but buffering with at least 1.32 g NaHCO3/L returned pH to approximately neutral levels. In the third test, in which eggs were treated 30 or 60 min postfertilization, there was no significant difference in survival between those treated with 15 g of buffered hydrogen peroxide/L for 2 min and that of the controls. However, at both 30 and 60 min postfertilization, the 2,000-mg/L iodine treatment induced higher levels of egg mortality than in eggs treated with hydrogen peroxide and the controls. In the fourth test, the serial combination of both 30 g hydrogen peroxide/L and 2,000 mg iodine/L was highly lethal if hydrogen peroxide was the first of the two treatments. The survival of eggs treated in the reverse order (iodine first) did not significantly differ from that of controls. These results indicate that hydrogen peroxide was effective in safely reducing the abundance of bacteria on eggs in small-scale tests when buffered, but production-scale experiments with hydrogen peroxide are recommended before implementation of this treatment.
Manipulating Diet in the Last Month of Juvenile Rearing Did Not Enhance Adult Steelhead Survival at Makah National Fish Hatchery
Authors: Tipping Jack M , Zajac David P 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
To enhance the adult survival of juvenile steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss by reducing their condition factor before release, groups of fish were fed a control diet (41–47% protein, 15–18% lipid), a low-calorie fish pill diet (20% protein, 7% lipid), or 29% of the control ration in the last month of rearing at Makah National Fish Hatchery. The diet modifications were applied for three consecutive years from mid-March to release in late April. Although the condition factors of fish were successfully reduced from a mean of 0.98 for the control diet to 0.95 and 0.94 with the low-calorie and reduced-control diets, respectively, adult fish recovery rates were not significantly different (P = 0.234). However, some feed cost savings might be realized by cautiously reducing ration levels or feed calorie content in the last month of rearing, but this should be done only if a minimum length threshold at release is assured.
Diet Optimization of Juvenile Rio Grande Silvery Minnow
Authors: Caldwell Colleen A , Barrows Frederic T , Ulibarri Manuel , Gould William R 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Captive propagation of the federally endangered Rio Grande silvery minnow Hybognathus amarus has been identified as essential for the recovery of the species. A starter diet was initially developed for this cyprinid to support rapid growth through the larval stage. The diet, however, was too costly to support the grower phase of the species. A series of trials was conducted to determine whether a grower diet could be developed that would be cost effective while maintaining fish performance. Quadruplicate lots of Rio Grande silvery minnow (approximately 90 d posthatch, 0.39–0.42 g) were fed a reference diet or one of five experimental diets until just before gonadal maturation at two facilities in New Mexico (New Mexico State University [NMSU] and Dexter National Fish Hatchery and Technology Center [Dexter]). The diets varied in percent composition of ingredients to account for a range in feed costs. Cyclop-eeze (Argent, Redmond, Washington), krill, liver, and fish meals were present in the reference diet and sequentially altered in the remaining test diets to maintain high protein levels in the diets (57.9–64.9% dry matter). Total weight gains at the end of the 16-week trials were lower than expected (140–200%), with no differences among diets at NMSU. Although total weight gain was less at Dexter (105–150%), there were differences among diets. Specific growth rate was greater at both facilities in fish fed the reference diet and a diet lowest in fish meal (1.82% per day). The highest growth rate occurred across all diets within the first 30 d of both feed trials and then diminished by the end of the trials. There were no detectable differences in critical swimming speed or fat scores in fish fed diets with and without expensive feed ingredients or increasing fish meal. The most consistent growth was observed when fish were fed a diet low in fish meal, and our results clearly identified a less-expensive grower formulation for the production of this imperiled cyprinid.
Efficacy of Intraperitoneally and Orally Administered ProVale, a Yeast β-(1,3)/(1,6)-D-glucan Product, in Inhibiting Xenoma Formation by the Microsporidian Loma salmonae on Rainbow Trout Gills
Authors: Guselle Nicole J , Speare David J , Markham R J Fred , Patelakis Shane 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The objectives of the research were to compare the efficacy of ProVale yeast beta-glucan (β-glucan) with that of a previously tested research-grade yeast β-glucan preparation when administered as an intraperitoneal (IP) injection and to also pilot test the effectiveness of ProVale yeast β-glucan as a feed additive for reducing Loma salmonae xenoma formation on the gills of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Rainbow trout received IP injections of ProVale (4, 10, or 20 mg of ProVale/kg of fish) or Sigma β-glucan (4 mg/kg). Oral challenge with L. salmonae occurred 1 week after IP injection with the β-glucan products. For the second objective, 400 rainbow trout were separated into tanks and duplicate groups were treated with 0, 50, 100, and 200 g of ProVale/1,000 kg of feed. Starting at 3 weeks prior to challenge and continuing 2 weeks after challenge, rainbow trout were fed the various ProVale doses daily at a feeding rate of 1% of the fish biomass. Commencing at 4 weeks postchallenge, the fish in each trial were evaluated for the presence of xenomas on the first left gill arch. The most protective IP dose of commercial ProVale was 10 mg/kg when compared with the laboratory-grade IP dose of Sigma β-glucan (4 mg/kg). Both of these intraperitoneally administered β-glucan products were effective in reducing the mean xenoma count. ProVale used as a feed coating (200 g/1,000 kg) was able to reduce the mean xenoma count by 50%.
Movement and Mortality of Adult Brown Trout in the Motupiko River, New Zealand: Effects of Water Temperature, Flow, and Flooding
Authors: Young Roger G. , Hayes John W. , Wilkinson Jeremy , Hay Joe 
Published: December 2009

AbstractManagement of the effects of water quality and flow on fisheries requires an understanding of the factors that control fish movements. We used radiotelemetry to monitor the movements of adult brown troutSalmo truttain a New Zealand river over 11 months (September 2004 to August 2006) and linked those movements to the changes in flow and water temperature. Individual fish moved up to 41 km during the study. However, most fish moved less than 1 km. All of the trout that showed little movement throughout the summer were living in relatively deep pools that presumably provided cover. The rates of movement declined steadily over the spring–summer period, as flow decreased and water temperature increased. The percentage of fish moving was positively related to the average daily flow during the interval between tracking occasions and negatively related to the average daily water temperature, less than 20% of the tagged fish moving once temperatures were above 19°C. A severe, 50‐year flood occurred in March 2005 and was associated with the mortality of 60–70% of the remaining tagged fish, confirming that flood‐induced mortality can affect a substantial proportion of an adult brown trout population.
Radar‐Derived Digital Elevation Models and Field‐Surveyed Variables to Predict Distributions of Juvenile Coho Salmon and Dolly Varden in Remote Streams of Alaska
Authors: Wissmar Robert C. , Timm Raymond K. , Bryant Mason D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe used field‐surveyed and digital elevation model (DEM) parameters to predict density distributions of juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch and Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma in remote streams on Prince of Wales Island, southeast Alaska, and to identify influences of associated reach‐level habitat characteristics. Fish densities were highest in two reach types (low‐gradient floodplain reaches and moderately contained reaches) characterized by numerous pool habitats, low pool spacing distances, and abundant large woody debris. Regression analyses indicated that channel gradients measured during field surveys (M‐gradients) accounted for significant amounts of the variance in coho salmon and Dolly Varden juvenile densities. The DEMs derived from a 2000 space‐shuttle radar mapping mission were used to estimate channel gradients (DEM‐gradients) and gradient zones: (0–3, >3–6, >6–15, and >15%) in stream networks. A high correlation between DEM‐gradients and M‐gradients (r = 0.92), along with the regressions of M‐gradient and fish density, provided a template for comparing DEM‐gradient and M‐gradient predictions of fish densities within gradient zones of the watersheds. Juvenile coho salmon and Dolly Varden densities (number/100 m2) predicted from the DEM‐gradients and M‐gradients were consistent for a majority of the gradient zones. Our results and expanded analyses should facilitate development of paradigms for assessing fish distributions in remote landscapes.
Relative Abundance and Distribution of Common Snook along Shoreline Habitats of Florida Estuaries
Authors: Winner Brent L. , Blewett David A. , McMichael Robert H. , Guenther Cameron B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractQuantitative estimates of relative abundance, spatial and temporal distribution, and habitat preference of common snook Centropomus undecimalis along shoreline habitats in four Florida estuarine areas were determined. Significant differences in the relative abundance of common snook among the estuarine areas suggested marked variation in common snook population abundance and densities on a regional scale. The highest adjusted mean relative abundance of common snook occurred in the southern Indian River Lagoon (4.68 fish/haul; SE = 0.08), followed by Tampa Bay (3.36 fish/haul; SE = 0.11), Charlotte Harbor (2.13 fish/haul; SE = 0.10), and the northern Indian River Lagoon (0.76 fish/haul; SE = 0.21). Several common factors (e.g., mangrove and seagrass habitat, salinity, and water temperature) among the estuarine areas were linked with common snook relative abundance and distributions, allowing us to better understand how these fish interact with their environment in different regions of Florida.
Lakewide Estimates of Alewife Biomass and Chinook Salmon Abundance and Consumption in Lake Ontario, 1989–2005: Implications for Prey Fish Sustainability
Authors: Murry Brent A. , Connerton Michael J. , O'Gorman Robert , Stewart Donald J. , Ringler Neil H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractStocking levels of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha for Lake Ontario have been highly controversial since the early 1990s, largely because of uncertainties about lakewide abundance and rates of prey consumption. Previous estimates have focused on years before 1995; since then, however, the Lake Ontario ecosystem has undergone substantial changes, and there is new evidence of extensive natural recruitment. Presented here are new abundance estimates of Chinook salmon and alewives Alosa pseudoharengus in Lake Ontario and a reevaluation of the potential risk of alewife population collapse. We found that Lake Ontario has been supporting, on average (1989–2005), 1.83 × 106 (range, 1.08 × 106 to 3.24 × 106) Chinook salmon of ages 1–4, amounting to a mean annual biomass of 11.33 × 103 metric tons (range, 5.83 × 103 to 23.04 × 103 metric tons). During the same period (1989–2005), the lake supported an alewife biomass of 173.66 × 103 metric tons (range, 62.37 × 103 to 345.49 × 103 metric tons); Chinook salmon of ages 1–4 consumed, on average, 22% (range, 11–44%) of the alewife biomass annually. Because our estimates probably underestimate total consumption and because Chinook salmon are only one of several salmonine species that depend on alewives, predation pressure on the Lake Ontario alewife population may be high enough to raise concerns about long‐term stability of this predator–prey system.
Seasonal Use of a New England Estuary by Foraging Contingents of Migratory Striped Bass
Authors: Pautzke Sarah M. , Mather Martha E. , Finn John T. , Deegan Linda A. , Muth Robert M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractUsing acoustic telemetry on migratory striped bass Morone saxatilis in Plum Island Estuary (PIE), Massachusetts, we found that striped bass (335–634 mm total length) tagged in the spring and summer of 2005 (n = 14) and 2006 (n = 46) stayed in the estuary for an average of 66.0 d in 2005 and 72.2 d in 2006. Striped bass spent the most time in two specific reaches: middle Plum Island Sound and lower Rowley River. In both years, three different use‐groups of striped bass were observed in PIE. Short‐term visitors (n = 24) stayed in the estuary only briefly (range = 5–20 d). Two groups of seasonal residents stayed for more than 30 d, either in the Rowley River (n = 14) or in Plum Island Sound (n = 22). Within PIE, the two seasonal‐resident use‐groups may be foraging contingents that learn how to feed efficiently in specific parts of the estuary. These distinct within‐estuary use patterns could have different implications for striped bass condition and prey impact.
Introgressive Hybridization of Redband Trout in the Upper McCloud River Watershed
Authors: Simmons Rachel E. , Lavretsky Phil , May Bernie 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIntrogressive hybridization is an obstacle to the conservation of many species and subspecies. Diagnostic genetic markers or markers with high allele frequency differentials, such as single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), are becoming increasingly useful for detecting introgression between species or subspecies, such as subspecies of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss known as redband trout in the upper McCloud River watershed. Using a diagnostic mitochondrial SNP as well as nine nuclear SNPs, we quantified introgression levels between native redband trout and nonnative rainbow trout at 14 locations in the upper McCloud watershed and two locations in the lower McCloud region. Our analyses suggest that Sheepheaven, Edson, Moosehead, and Swamp creeks contain a large portion of the nonintrogressed redband trout individuals remaining in the upper McCloud watershed, implying a dramatic loss of populations free from introgressive hybridization. The results of this study have key management implications, such as the need to erect migration barriers and cease all stocking in the area. However, for managers to make fully informed decisions, additional research is needed on the population genetic structure and phylogenetics of these populations to clarify the issues of low genetic variation, inbreeding, or both and to define an appropriate management unit.
Overwinter Survival of Age‐0 Gizzard Shad in Missouri Reservoirs Spanning a Productivity Gradient: Roles of Body Size and Winter Severity
Authors: Michaletz Paul H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSurvival through the first winter of life can be an important bottleneck in the recruitment of fishes and is commonly size dependent, with larger fish exhibiting higher survival than smaller fish. Body size and density of age‐0 gizzard shadDorosoma cepedianum, an ecologically important prey species, are reportedly influenced by reservoir productivity. These differences in age‐0 demographics across a productivity gradient may influence overwinter survival and subsequent year‐class strength of adults. I examined fall age‐0 demographics (fall mean total length, mean density, and energy density), overwinter changes in these demographics, and factors that influenced overwinter survival among five age‐0 cohorts in five Missouri reservoirs spanning a productivity gradient. I specifically wanted to determine whether (1) fall age‐0 demographics varied along a reservoir productivity gradient, (2) fall age‐0 demographics and winter severity were related to overwinter survival, and (3) variation in the abundance of overwinter survivors among years decreased with increasing reservoir productivity. Fall demographics did not consistently vary along a productivity gradient. Fall total length was typically larger in more productive reservoirs and was the most variable in the least productive reservoir, with large fish being present during 1 year. Likewise, fall density did not vary with reservoir productivity; the highest overall density occurred in one slightly eutrophic reservoir and one highly eutrophic reservoir, and fall density was lowest and most variable in the least productive reservoir. However, energy density was higher in the more productive reservoirs than in the less productive ones. Overwinter survival ranged from 0% to 100% and increased with increasing fall total length and winter temperatures among all cohorts and reservoirs. Variation in overwinter survivor abundance did not consistently decrease along a reservoir productivity gradient. Unique characteristics of individual reservoirs and changing climatic conditions apparently obscured overall patterns in age‐0 demographics and overwinter survival across reservoir productivity.