bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Community‐based Follow‐up Care in Managing Severely Underweight Children
Authors: Hossain Md Iqbal , Nahar Baitun , Hamadani Jena D. , Ahmed Tahmeed , Brown Kenneth H. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of community‐based follow‐up care, food supplementation, and/or psychosocial stimulation on the recovery of severely underweight children.Patients and Methods:A total of 507 severely underweight children (weight‐for‐age z score <−3) ages 6 to 24 months hospitalized at the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, were randomly assigned to 1 of the following regimens for 3 months once they recovered from diarrhea: fortnightly follow‐up care at the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh Hospital, including growth monitoring, health education, and micronutrient supplementation (group H‐C, n = 102); fortnightly follow‐up at community clinics, using the same treatment regimen as group H‐C (group C‐C, n = 99); community‐based follow‐up as per group C‐C plus cereal‐based supplementary food (SF) (group C‐SF, n = 101); follow‐up as per group C‐C plus psychosocial stimulation (PS) (group C‐PS, n = 102); or follow‐up as per group C‐C plus both SF and PS (group C‐SF + PS, n = 103).Results:There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics by treatment group. Attendance at scheduled follow‐up visits was greater in groups C‐SF, C‐SF + PS, and C‐PS than in C‐C and H‐C; P < 0.05. Rates of weight gain were greater in groups C‐SF + PS, C‐SF, and C‐PS (0.88–1.01 kg) compared with groups C‐C and H‐C (0.63–0.76 kg), P < 0.05. Three‐factor analysis of covariance of the effects of treatment components indicated that weight gain and change in weight‐for‐age z score and weight‐for‐length z score were greater in groups that received SF (P < 0.05) and linear growth was greater among children managed in the community (P = 0.002).Conclusions:Positioning follow‐up services in the community increases follow‐up visits and promotes greater linear growth; providing SF, with or without PS, increases clinic attendance and enhances nutritional recovery. Community‐based service delivery, especially including SF, permits better rehabilitation of greater numbers of severely underweight children.
Amerindian mtDNA Haplogroups and Celiac Disease Risk HLA Haplotypes in Mixed‐blood Latin American Patients
Authors: Parada Alejandra , Araya Magdalena , Pérez‐Bravo Francisco , Méndez Marco , Mimbacas Adriana , Motta Patricia , Martín Gabriela , Botero Jorge , Espinosa Nelly , Alarcon Teresa , Canales Paulina 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTBackground and Objective:Risk haplotypes have been described in celiac disease (CD), but the influence of native genes on CD in Hispanic Americans is unknown. The aim of the study was to measure the frequency of Amerindian mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups (inherited by the maternal line) in mixed‐blood patients with CD from Chile, Argentina, and Uruguay, and to assess the relation between these and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and haplotypes and clinical presentations.Patients and Methods:Clinical history, histological data, and genetic studies were conducted following 2 protocols: a case‐control study of 72 Chilean patients with CD and controls, and an assessment of 43 (additional) samples of celiac patients from Chile, 96 from Argentina, and 57 from Uruguay, compared with the mtDNA frequency in the corresponding country. HLA typing was performed by a commercial kit, and mtDNA was determined by means of polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphisms analysis.Results:A total of 73.6% of cases had typical presentations. The most frequent HLA alleles were HLA‐DQB*201 and 202. No‐DQ2/DQ8 HLA haplotypes were found in 7% of cases. mtDNA frequencies for typical Amerindian haplogroups were found in 71% of cases and 64% of controls (P χ2 = 0.016); in the comparative analysis, mtDNA distribution was not different from the figures reported for the respective general country population. No relation was found between haplotypes or haplogroups and clinical presentations.Conclusions:mtDNA haplogroups A/B/C/D were frequently found in celiac patients and controls, but no relations appeared between haplogroups, haplotypes, and clinical presentations.
Varicella Immunity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Ansari Faazia , Baker Robert D. , Patel Raza , Baker Susan S. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTObjectives:Varicella zoster is a childhood disease that can cause devastating illness and death in immunocompromised individuals, including those who are taking steroids. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is managed by decreasing or controlling the inflammation using immunosuppression. Our objective was to show that at least 90% of patients newly diagnosed as having IBD had antibodies against varicella zoster and were protected by vaccination or natural disease.Materials and Methods:Retrospective review of all of the charts of the patients diagnosed with IBD at the University of Buffalo's Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Center for 5 years from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2009.Results:There were 163 new diagnoses of IBD during this time; 57% were boys. Mean age was 12 years (range 1–19 years); 62% had Crohn disease, 33% ulcerative colitis, and 5% indeterminate colitis. A total of 66% of all of the patients had a history of disease or vaccination. Measurable titers against varicella were found in only 77% of all of the patients.Conclusions:Lack of varicella immunity is common in children and adolescents at the time of diagnosis of IBD. Routine screening for varicella immune status may be warranted. Offering immunization to susceptible patients should confer protection, but this may be difficult to achieve once immune suppression has begun.
A cohort study of racing performance in Japanese Thoroughbred racehorses using genome information on ECA18
Authors: Tozaki T. , Hill E. W. , Hirota K. , Kakoi H. , Gawahara H. , Miyake T. , Sugita S. , Hasegawa T. , Ishida N. , Nakano Y. , Kurosawa M. 
Published: April 2011

SummaryUsing 1710 Thoroughbred racehorses in Japan, a cohort study was performed to evaluate the influence of genotypes at four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on equine chromosome 18 (ECA18), which were associated in a previous genome‐wide association study for racing performance with lifetime earnings and performance rank. In males, both g.65809482T>C and g.65868604G>T were related to performance rank (P = 0.005). In females, g.65809482T>C (P = 1.76E‐6), g.65868604G>T (P = 6.81E‐6) and g.66493737C>T (P = 4.42E‐5) were strongly related to performance rank and also to lifetime earnings (P < 0.05). When win‐race distance (WRD) among all winning racehorses and best race distance (BRD) among elite racehorses were considered as the phenotypes, significant associations (P < 0.001) were observed for all four SNPs. The favourable race distance of both elite (BRD) and novice racehorses (WRD) was also associated with genotypes in the ECA18 region, indicating the presence of a gene in this region influencing optimum race distance in Thoroughbred racehorses. Therefore, the association with performance rank is likely due to the bias in the race distances. The location of the SNPs within and proximal to the gene encoding myostatin (MSTN) strongly suggests that regulation of the MSTN gene affects racing performance. In particular, the g.65809482T>C, g.65868604G>T and g.66493737C>T SNPs, or their combinations, may be genetic diagnostic markers for racing performance indicators such as WRD and BRD.
Effects of oestradiol and raloxifene on the induction and effector phases of experimental postmenopausal arthritis and secondary osteoporosis
Authors: Jochems C , Islander U , Erlandsson M , Engdahl C , Lagerquist M , Ohlsson C , Nandakumar K S , Holmdahl R , Carlsten H 
Published: April 2011

SummaryOestradiol and the selective oestrogen receptor modulator (SERM) raloxifene have been shown to ameliorate collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats and in mice. One aim was to investigate if raloxifene exerts its anti-arthritic and anti-osteoporotic effects during the induction or effector phase of arthritis. A second aim was to analyse if raloxifene activates the oestrogen response element (ERE) to produce its immune-modulator effects. CIA or collagen–antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) was induced in ovariectomized DBA/1-mice. CIA was used for evaluation of treatment during the induction, and CAIA for the effector phase of arthritis and osteoporosis development. Raloxifene, oestradiol or vehicle was administered 5 days/week. The clinical disease was evaluated continuously. Bone marrow density (BMD) was analysed with peripheral quantitative computer tomography, paws were collected for histological examination, and sera were analysed for markers of bone and cartilage turnover and proinflammatory cytokines. Transgenic luciferase (Luc)-ERE mice were immunized with collagen (CII), and after 10 days injected once with raloxifene, oestradiol or vehicle before termination. Spleens were analysed for luciferase activity to measure ERE activation. Treatment with oestradiol or raloxifene during the induction phase of CIA failed to affect arthritis. Raloxifene did not hamper disease activity in CAIA, whereas oestradiol delayed the onset and ameliorated the severity. Both raloxifene and oestradiol preserved BMD in CAIA. CII-immunization increased the oestradiol-induced ERE activation in spleen, and raloxifene activated the ERE at about 25% the intensity of oestradiol. Further experiments are needed to elucidate the exact mechanisms behind this finding.
Tiller production in cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) growing along a light gradient
Authors: Belesky D. P. , Burner D. M. , Ruckle J. M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPasture managers seek to balance leaf appearance with utilization to sustain sward productivity while meeting livestock nutritional needs. Achieving this in silvopasture must account for the influence of light and defoliation on tillering. We determined tiller production, as a function of light availability and clipping height, for two forage grasses adapted to cool, humid temperate conditions of the Appalachian region of the USA. Tiller production of cocksfoot (orchard grass) (Dactylis glomerata L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) was greatest in unshaded and least in shaded sites, irrespective of residual clipping height. Juvenile plants produced more than twice as many tillers as mature plants, with differences accentuated by site, reflecting a shift in reproductive and resource‐use strategies. Trends in tiller production were as follows: cocksfoot > tall fescue; 10‐cm > 5‐cm residual clipping height; and unshaded > partially shaded > densely shaded sites. Tiller production reaches maximum earlier in the woodlot site, regardless of species or clipping height, than at the unshaded site. Plants at the wooded site extended leaves quickly, sustaining herbage production, but had less non‐structural carbohydrate and fewer tillers. Cocksfoot, but not tall fescue, sustained leaf and tiller production in the shaded sites, suggesting that cocksfoot is suited for use in silvopasture in this region.
Freeze tolerance of forage bermudagrasses
Authors: Anderson J. A. , Wu Y. Q. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe ability to survive harsh winters is one of the primary factors limiting bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) distribution, especially those used for forage. Consequently, improved stress tolerance has been a goal of programmes for breeding bermudagrasses. While significant progress has been made in developing and evaluating freeze tolerance of turfgrasses, information on forage bermudagrasses is limited. Our objective was to evaluate freeze tolerance of recently released forage bermudagrasses compared with standard cultivars. Plants were established and acclimated in growth chambers and exposed to sub‐freezing temperatures in a programmable freeze chamber. Plant responses to low‐temperature exposures were quantified by regrowth mass. Freeze tolerance of Tifton 44 and Coastal was not significantly different from Midland, the reference cultivar. Coastcross, Tifton 85 and Tifton 68 were more susceptible to low‐temperature injury than Midland, while Hardie, Goodwell, Midland 99 and Ozark were more freeze tolerant than Midland. Ozark, Midland 99, Goodwell and Hardie are less likely to sustain winterkill than Coastcross, Tifton 85 and Tifton 68 in areas that frequently experience low temperatures. Cultivars with one or more parents originating in Kenya had poor freeze tolerance, while germplasm from Yugoslavia and Afghanistan produced plants that were more freeze tolerant.
Assessment of hygienic quality of haylage fed to healthy horses
Authors: Müller C. E. , Hultén C. , Gröndahl G. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWrapped forages such as haylage and silage are increasing in popularity in equine feed rations, but knowledge of their microbial composition, especially of haylage, is scarce. Haylage may be more at risk of mould growth compared to silage, and methods for the assessment of hygienic quality of haylage are needed. Varying culturing conditions, including aerobic/anaerobic incubation, four substrates and three incubation temperatures were therefore evaluated for analysis of fungi in haylage samples from eighteen horse farms, taken on two occasions (autumn and the following spring). Average mould counts in forage samples were low, but fungi with the potential for producing mycotoxins, such as Aspergillus fumigatus and Penicillium spp., were present. The microbial composition and content of fermentation products were similar in haylage samples taken in autumn and in spring. The type of substrate used for cultivation did not influence mould or yeast counts, but not all mould species were present on all substrates. Incubation temperature influenced fungal counts and the presence of mould species. By using at least two substrates (malt extract agar and dichloran 18% glycerol agar) and two incubation temperatures (25 and 37°C), all mould species/genera that were identified in this study could be detected.
The reconstitution of the thymus in immunosuppressed individuals restores CD4‐specific cellular and humoral immune responses
Authors: Plana Montserrat , Garcia Felipe , Darwich Laila , Romeu Joan , López Anna , Cabrera Cecilia , Massanella Marta , Canto Esther , Ruiz‐Hernandez Raul , Blanco Julià , Sánchez Marcelo , Gatell Josep M. , Clotet Bonaventura , Ruiz Lidia , Bofill Margarita ,   Red de Investigación en Sida (RIS)
Published: April 2011

SummaryInfection with HIV‐1 frequently results in the loss of specific cellular immune responses and an associated lack of antibodies. Recombinant growth hormone (rGH) administration reconstitutes thymic tissue and boosts the levels of peripheral T cells, so rGH therapy may be an effective adjuvant through promoting the recovery of lost cellular and T‐cell‐dependent humoral immune responses in immunosuppressed individuals. To test this concept, we administered rGH to a clinically defined group of HIV‐1‐infected subjects with defective cellular and serological immune responses to at least one of three commonly employed vaccines (hepatitis A, hepatitis B or tetanus toxoid). Of the original 278 HIV‐1‐infected patients entering the trial, only 20 conformed to these immunological criteria and were randomized into three groups: Group A (n = 8) receiving rGH and challenged with the same vaccine to which they were unresponsive and Groups B (n = 5) and C (n = 7) who received either rGH or vaccination alone, respectively. Of the eight subjects in Group A, five recovered CD4 cellular responses to vaccine antigen and four of these produced the corresponding antibodies. In the controls, three of the five in group B recovered cellular responses with two producing antibodies, whereas three of the seven in Group C recovered CD4 responses, with only two producing antibodies. Significantly, whereas seven of ten patients receiving rGH treatment in Group A (six patients) and B (one patient) recovered T‐cell responses to HIVp24, only two of six in Group C responded similarly. In conclusion, reconstitution of the thymus in immunosuppressed adults through rGH hormone treatment restored both specific antibody and CD4 T‐cell responses.
Increased mortality of solid organ transplant recipients with H1N1 infection: a single center experience
Authors: Gainer Sarah M. , Patel Samir J. , Seethamraju Harish , Moore Linda W. , Knight Richard J. , Gaber A. Osama 
Published: April 2011

Gainer SM, Patel SJ, Seethamraju H, Moore LW, Knight RJ, Gaber AO. Increased mortality of solid organ transplant recipients with H1N1 infection: a single center experience.  Clin Transplant 2011 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399‐0012.2011.01443.x.  © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Immunosuppressed solid organ transplant recipients are included in the cohort at increased risk for complications of viral infections such as the newly encountered H1N1. A retrospective review was performed to collect data on patients hospitalized during a recent H1N1 epidemic. H1N1 was suspected based on symptoms and real‐time reverse‐transcriptase‐polymerase‐chain‐reaction assay confirmed the diagnosis. From August through October of 2009, 89 patients were admitted to The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, with H1N1. Eighteen were solid organ transplant recipients with an age range of 34–69 yr. This group included nine kidney, five lung, one kidney‐pancreas, one liver, and two heart recipients. Severe cardiac or pulmonary comorbidities existed in over half of non‐transplant patients, while only eight of these non‐transplant patients were otherwise healthy. Eighty‐nine percent of transplant patients presented with fever or chills, 72% with cough, and 56% with gastrointestinal distress. Symptoms were similar to non‐transplant patients. All transplant patients were treated with oseltamivir. Two non‐transplant patients and three transplant patients died. Thirty‐day survival was 97% in non‐transplant and 83% in transplant patients (p = 0.02). In the context of an initial epidemic of H1N1, infection was associated with increased risk of complications and mortality in solid organ transplant recipients.
Size of food bowl and scoop affects amount of food owners feed their dogs
Authors: Murphy M. , Lusby A. L. , Bartges J. W. , Kirk C. A. 
Published: April 2011

SummaryThe incidence of canine obesity appears to be increasing dramatically and understanding factors impacting the amount of food pet owners provide their dogs may improve weight management. Human research has shown the size of food bowls, plates and utensils can significantly impact the amount of food portioned and consumed. This effect can be attributed to both the Delboeuf optical illusion and the Ebbinghaus‐Titchener size‐contrast illusion. To investigate the existence of a similar effect with dog owners, 54 dogs and their owners were recruited for a four treatment randomized prospective trial. Owners scooped out a normal kibble‐based meal using a small bowl and small scoop, small bowl and large scoop, large bowl and small scoop or a large bowl and large scoop. Each treatment was used once per owner over four visits. Repeated measures anova revealed the mean amount of food portioned using the small bowl and small scoop was significantly less than all other bowl and scoop combinations (150.7 g vs. 171.5 g vs. 172.7 g vs. 184.5 g, p < 0.05). The small bowl and large scoop combination did not differ from large bowl and small scoop (171.5 g vs. 172.7 g, p > 0.05). Owners were more likely to portion a larger amount of food with a large bowl and large scoop. Results are consistent with human data and emphasize the need for owners to use standard measuring cups. Results also suggest owner compliance during weight loss programs may be improved with smaller bowls and serving scoops.
BEYOND THE SNARE: TECHNICALLY ACCESSIBLE LARGE EN BLOC COLONIC RESECTION IN THE WEST: AN ANIMAL STUDY
Authors: MOSS ALAN , BOURKE MICHAEL J , METZ ANDREW J , MCLEOD DUNCAN , TRAN KAYLA , GODFREY CRAIG , MCKAY GARY , CHANDRA ABHILASH P , PASUPATHY ASOKAN 
Published: April 2011

Background:  Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and circumferential submucosal incision endoscopic mucosal resection (CSI‐EMR) are techniques for en bloc excision of large sessile colonic lesions. Our aims were to compare the efficacy, safety and learning curve of colonic hybrid knife (HK) ESD versus CSI‐EMR for en bloc excision of 50 mm diameter hemi‐circumferential artificial lesions in a porcine model.Patients and Methods:  Two separate 50 mm diameter areas of normal recto‐sigmoid mucosa were marked out in each of ten pigs. One was excised with HK‐ESD using succinylated gelatin (SG) submucosal injection. The other was isolated with CSI with the Insulated Tip Knife 2 followed by SG submucosal injection then EMR with a large snare. Euthanasia and colectomy was performed at 72 h followed by blinded histopathology assessment.Results:  En bloc excision rates were: HK‐ESD 100% versus CSI‐EMR 20% (P = 0.008). The mean number of resections per lesion was HK‐ESD 1 versus CSI‐EMR 3 (P = 0.001). The mean dimensions of the largest specimen per technique were HK‐ESD 63 × 54 mm versus CSI‐EMR 49 × 41 mm (P = 0.005). Procedure duration mean was HK‐ESD 54 min versus CSI‐EMR 22 min (P < 0.001). When procedure duration was adjusted for the size of the resected en bloc specimen, a statistically significant and accelerated learning effect was noted for HK‐ESD (r = −0.83, P = 0.003). There were no perforations and no significant bleeding.Conclusions:  HK‐ESD with SG submucosal injection is superior to CSI‐EMR for en bloc excision of 50 mm diameter lesions in a porcine model. The technique is rapidly learnt. This novel approach may lower the barrier to colonic ESD for Western endoscopists.
A placental polyp arising from an exaggerated placental site
Authors: Harada Naoya , Nobuhara Ichiro , Haruta Noriko , Kajimoto Megumi 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThere are very few reported cases of the clinical course of exaggerated placental site, and a case of a placental polyp arising from an exaggerated placental site has not been reported previously. Here, we report a case of a 43‐year‐old woman whose chief complaint was of massive genital bleeding. She had undergone an operation for induced abortion in the first trimester 41 days previously. A placental polyp measuring 45 mm with an abundant blood flow could be detected by transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography and enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. We performed a transabdominal simple total hysterectomy. At the anterior wall of the uterus, a protruding lesion into the uterine cavity was observed and a placental polyp was attached to the protruding lesion. The histological specimen of the protruding lesion, which was considered to be the implantation site, showed intermediate trophoblastic cells infiltrated into the myometrium. An exaggerated placental site was diagnosed, which might lead to a placental polyp.