bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hitting time results for Maker‐Breaker games
Authors: Ben‐Shimon Sonny , Ferber Asaf , Hefetz Dan , Krivelevich Michael 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe study Maker‐Breaker games played on the edge set of a random graph. Specifically, we analyze the moment a typical random graph process first becomes a Maker's win in a game in which Maker's goal is to build a graph which admits some monotone increasing property
\documentclass{article} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{amsmath,amssymb} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{align*}\mathcal{P}\end{align*} \end{document}. We focus on three natural target properties for Maker's graph, namely being k ‐vertex‐connected, admitting a perfect matching, and being Hamiltonian. We prove the following optimal hitting time results: with high probability Maker wins the k ‐vertex connectivity game exactly at the time the random graph process first reaches minimum degree 2k; with high probability Maker wins the perfect matching game exactly at the time the random graph process first reaches minimum degree 2; with high probability Maker wins the Hamiltonicity game exactly at the time the random graph process first reaches minimum degree 4. The latter two statements settle conjectures of Stojaković and Szabó. We also prove generalizations of the latter two results; these generalizations partially strengthen some known results in the theory of random graphs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2011
Prospective evaluation of the IOTA logistic regression model LR2 for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer
Authors: Nunes N. , Yazbek J. , Ambler G. , Hoo W. , Naftalin J. , Jurkovic D. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the accuracy of the IOTA logistic regression model LR2 for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer.MethodsThis was a prospective single‐center study of women with an ultrasound diagnosis of an adnexal tumor. They were all examined by a single Level‐II ultrasound operator, who had received training in the systematic examination of ovarian tumors in accordance with the IOTA guidelines. In all women the likelihood of the adnexal lesion being malignant was calculated using the IOTA LR2 model. All women underwent surgery within 120 days of ultrasound examination and the ultrasound findings were compared with operative findings and the final histological diagnosis.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐four women were included in the final analysis. The mean age was 53.2 (range, 20–91) years and 61/124 (49.2%) women were postmenopausal. 66/124 (53.2%) women had malignant lesions on postoperative histological examination. The IOTA LR2 model had a sensitivity of 97.0% (95% CI, 89.5–99.6%) and a specificity of 69.0% (95% CI, 55.5–80.5%). The area under the receiver–operating characteristics curve was 0.93 (SE, 0.022; 95% CI, 0.89–0.97), which was not significantly different from 0.92 (SE, 0.018) reported in the original study (P > 0.05).ConclusionWhen evaluated prospectively, the accuracy of the IOTA LR2 model was similar to that reported in the original study. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mosaic plots
Authors: Theus Martin 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMosaic plots are a recursive generalization of barcharts to visualize multivariate categorical data. Mosaic plots were first introduced by Hartigan and Kleiner and are the de‐facto standard for advanced visualizations of categorical data.This review explains the general construction and the successful application of mosaic plots. Recent implementations of mosaic plots offer various generalizations which can effectively cope with almost any kind of categorical data. Besides plotting expected values of a proposed model, these variations include the doubledecker plot, the empty bin display and fluctuation diagrams. Within an interactive graphical analysis tool, subgroups reflecting a certain property can easily be linked into mosaic plots to effectively visualize the relationship between this property and the categorical variables in the plot. Mosaic plots are most powerful when investigating associations between categorical variables, conditioned by other categorical variables. This is illustrated along with an explanation of how Simpson's Paradox for categorical data can be explained using mosaic plots. WIREs Comput Stat 2012, 4:191–198. doi: 10.1002/wics.1192This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Statistical Graphics and Visualization
Crystal Structure and Dimorphism of Silicon Tetraisocyanate Si(NCO)4
Authors: Schmidt Carsten Ludwig , Jansen Martin 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSilicon tetraisocyanate Si(NCO)4 was obtained by reacting SiCl4 and AgNCO in boiling toluene. The colourless liquid was analyzed by Raman and NMR spectroscopy. Structural studies on solid Si(NCO)4 (melting point: +26 °C) have revealed it to exist in two polymorphic modifications. According to the results of single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, at T = –173 °C, α‐Si(NCO)4 exhibits triclinic symmetry (P$\bar{1}$; a = 10.05(5), b = 10.50(2), c = 14.32(1) Å, α = 91.62(1)°, β = 92, 32(1)°, γ = 99.68(1)°; V = 1488.56(3) Å3; Z = 8). Above T = –33 °C, a monoclinic phase evolves, β‐Si(NCO)4 (P21/c; a = 10.78(3), b = 7.11(1), c = 10.27(5) Å, β = 99, 06(9)°; V = 777.39(1) Å3; Z = 4). The charge distribution was studied for both polymorphs. In the solid state, Si(NCO)4 is a tetrahedral molecule with the Si–N=C=O linkages bent at the nitrogen atoms.
Wavy regime of a power-law film flow
Authors: Ruyer-Quil C. , Chakraborty S. , Dandapat B. S. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWe consider a power-law fluid flowing down an inclined plane under the action of gravity. The divergence of the viscosity at zero strain rate is taken care of by introducing a Newtonian plateau at small strain rate. Two-equation models are formulated within the framework of lubrication theory in terms of the exact mass balance and an averaged momentum equation, which form a set of evolution equations for the film thickness$h$, a local velocity amplitude or the flow rate$q$. The models account for the streamwise diffusion of momentum. Comparisons with Orr–Sommerfeld stability analysis and with direct numerical simulation (DNS) show convincing agreement in both linear and nonlinear regimes. The influence of shear-thinning or shear-thickening on the primary instability is shown to be non-trivial. A destabilization of the base flow close to threshold is promoted by the shear-thinning effect, whereas, further from threshold, it tends to stabilize the base flow when the viscous damping of short waves becomes dominant. A reverse situation is observed in the case of shear-thickening fluids. Shear-thinning accelerates solitary waves and promotes a subcritical onset of travelling waves at larger wavenumber than the linear cut-off wavenumber. A conditional stability of the base flow is thus observed. This phenomenon results from a reduction of the effective viscosity at the free surface. When compared with DNS, simulations of the temporal response of the film based on weighted residual models satisfactorily capture the conditional stability of the film.
Granular and fluid washboards
Authors: Hewitt I. J. , Balmforth N. J. , McElwaine J. N. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWe investigate the dynamics of an object towed over the surface of an initially flat, deformable layer. Using a combination of simple laboratory experiments and a theoretical model, we demonstrate that an inclined plate, pivoted so as to move up and down, may be towed steadily over a substrate at low speed, but become unstable to vertical oscillations above a threshold speed. That threshold depends upon the weight of the plate and the physical properties of the substrate, but arises whether the substrate is a viscous fluid, a viscoplastic fluid, or a granular medium. For the latter two materials, the unstable oscillations imprint a permanent rippled pattern on the layer, suggesting that the phenomenon of the ‘washboard road’ can arise from the passage of a single vehicle (i.e. the absolute instability of a flat bed). We argue that the mechanism behind the instability originates from the mound of material that is pushed forward ahead of the object: the extent of the mound determines the resultant force, whereas its growth is controlled by the object’s height relative to the undisturbed surface, allowing for an unstable coupling between the vertical motion and the substrate deformation.
GENERALIZED HIGHER DERIVATIONS
Authors: COJUHARI E. P. , GARDNER B. J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA type of generalized higher derivation consisting of a collection of self-mappings of a ring associated with a monoid, and here called a D-structure, is studied. Such structures were previously used to define various kinds of ‘skew’ or ‘twisted’ monoid rings. We show how certain gradings by monoids define D-structures. The monoid ring defined by such a structure corresponding to a group-grading is the variant of the group ring introduced by Năstăsescu, while in the case of a cyclic group of order two, the form of the D-structure itself yields some gradability criteria of Bakhturin and Parmenter. A partial description is obtained of the D-structures associated with infinite cyclic monoids.
POLAR DECOMPOSITION OF THE k-FOLD PRODUCT OF LEBESGUE MEASURE ON ℝn
Authors: MOGHADASI S. REZA 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe Blaschke–Petkantschin formula is a geometric measure decomposition of the q-fold product of Lebesgue measure on ℝn. Here we discuss another decomposition called polar decomposition by considering ℝn×⋯×ℝn as ℳn×k and using its polar decomposition. This is a generalisation of the Blaschke–Petkantschin formula and may be useful when one needs to integrate a function g:ℝn×⋯×ℝn→ℝ with rotational symmetry, that is, for each orthogonal transformation O,g(O(x1),…,O(xk))=g(x1,…xk). As an application we compute the moments of a Gaussian determinant.
Epigenetic modulation ofBRCA1andBRCA2gene expression by equol in breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Bosviel Rémy , Durif Julie , Déchelotte Pierre , Bignon Yves-Jean , Bernard-Gallon Dominique 
Published: January 2012

S-Equol is a metabolite resulting from the conversion of daidzein, a soya phyto-oestrogen, by the gut microflora. The potential protective effects of equol in breast cancer are still under debate. Consequently, we investigated the effects of equol on DNA methylation of breast cancer susceptibility genes (BRCA1andBRCA2) and oncosuppressors in breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) and in a dystrophic breast cell line (MCF-10a) following exposure toS-equol (2 μm) for 3 weeks. We demonstrated by quantitative analysis of methylated alleles a significant decrease in the methylation of the cytosine phosphate guanine (CpG) islands in the promoters ofBRCA1andBRCA2after theS-equol treatment in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells and a trend in MCF-10a cells. We also showed thatS-equol increases BRCA1 and BRCA2 protein expression in the nuclei and the cytoplasm in MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-10a cell lines by immunohistochemistry. The increase in BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins was also found after Western blotting in the studied cell lines. In summary, we demonstrated the demethylating effect ofS-equol on the CpG islands inside the promoters ofBRCA1andBRCA2genes, resulting in an increase in the level of expressed oncosuppressors in breast cancer cell lines.
Dietary l-arginine supplementation improves the intestinal development through increasing mucosal Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin signals in intra-uterine growth retarded piglets
Authors: Wang Yuanxiao , Zhang Lili , Zhou Genlai , Liao Zhiyong , Ahmad Hussain , Liu Wenbin , Wang Tian 
Published: January 2012

Intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR) impairs postnatal growth and development of the small intestine (SI) in neonatal pigs and infants. l-Arginine (Arg), a critical amino acid involved in promoting growth and metabolism in young mammals, is more deficient in IUGR fetuses. However, little is known whether dietary Arg supplementation would accelerate the impaired development of the SI induced by IUGR in piglets. In the present study, a total of six litters of newborn piglets were used. In each litter, one normal and two IUGR littermates were obtained. Piglets were fed milk-based diets supplemented with 0 (Normal), 0 (IUGR) and 0·60% Arg (IUGR+Arg) from 7 to 14 d of age, respectively. Compared with Normal piglets at 14 d of age, IUGR decreased (P < 0·05) the growth performance, entire SI weight, and villus height in the jejunum and ileum. IUGR piglets had lower (P < 0·05) mucosal concentrations of Arg, insulin, insulin growth factor 1, as well as phosphorylated Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and p70 S6 kinase but higher (P < 0·05) enterocyte apoptosis index (AI). After Arg treatment in IUGR piglets, the growth performance, weight of entire SI and mucosa, and villus height in the jejunum and ileum were increased (P < 0·05). Diet supplemented with Arg also increased (P < 0·05) the levels of Arg, insulin, phosphorylated Akt and mTOR in SI mucosa of IUGR piglets, and decreased (P < 0·05) the AI and caspase-3 activity. In conclusion, Arg has a beneficiary effect in improving the impaired SI development in IUGR piglets via regulating cell apoptosis and activating Akt and mTOR signals in SI mucosa.
A Thorn in the Side of Social History: Jacques Rancière andLes Révoltes logiques
Authors: Suter Mischa 
Published: January 2012

SummaryThe article explores the intersection of history and politics in the works of French philosopher Jacques Rancière, by focusing on the collectively edited journalLes Révoltes logiques(1975–1985). It argues that the historiographic project ofLes Révoltes logiquestook up specific forms of counter-knowledge that were embedded in radical left-wing politics of their day. It further traces both the engagement with historiography and the role of history in Rancière's later work after the dissolution of the journal. Its conclusion looks at certain shared interests between some of Rancière's themes and some recent writing of social history.
Phagocyte-specific S100 proteins in the local response to theEchinococcus granulosuslarva
Authors: BASIKA TATIANA , MUÑOZ NATALIA , CASARAVILLA CECILIA , IRIGOÍN FLORENCIA , BATTHYÁNY CARLOS , BONILLA MARIANA , SALINAS GUSTAVO , PACHECO JOSÉ PEDRO , ROTH JOHANESS , DURÁN ROSARIO , DÍAZ ALVARO 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYInfection by larvalEchinococcus granulosusis usually characterized by tight inflammatory control. However, various degrees of chronic granulomatous inflammation are also observed, reaching a high point in infection of cattle by the most prevalent parasite strain worldwide, which is not well adapted to this host species. In this context, epithelioid and multinucleated giant macrophages surround the parasite, and the secreted products of these cells often associate with the larval wall. The phagocyte-specific S100 proteins, S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12, are important non-conventionally secreted amplifiers of inflammatory responses. We have analysed by proteomics and immunohistochemistry the presence of these proteins at theE. granulosuslarva-host interface. We found that, in the context of inflammatory control as observed in human infections, the S100 proteins are not abundant, but S100A9 and S100A8 can be expressed by eosinophils distal to the parasite. In the granulomatous inflammation context as observed in cattle infections, we found that S100A12 is one of the most abundant host-derived, parasite-associated proteins, while S100A9 and S100A8 are not present at similarly high levels. As expected, S100A12 derives mostly from the epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells. S100A12, as well as cathepsin K and matrix metalloproteinase-9, also expressed byE. granulosus-elicited epithelioid cells, are connected to the Th17 arm of immunity, which may therefore be involved in this granulomatous response.
Immunological characterization ofNeospora caninumcyclophilin
Authors: KAMEYAMA KYOHKO , NISHIMURA MAKI , PUNSANTSOGVOO MYAGMARSUREN , IBRAHIM HANY M. , XUAN XUENAN , FURUOKA HIDEFUMI , NISHIKAWA YOSHIFUMI 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYNeospora caninumis an intracellular parasite that poses a unique ability to infect a variety of cell types by causing host cell migration. Although previous studies demonstrated that parasite-derived proteins could trigger host cell migration, the related molecules have yet to be determined. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship betweenNeospora-derived molecules and host cell migration using recombinant protein ofN. caninumcyclophilin (NcCyp). Indirect fluorescent antibody test revealed that NcCyp was expressed in the tachyzoite cytosol. Furthermore, NcCyp release from extracellular parasites was detected by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in a time-dependent manner. Recombinant NcCyp caused the cysteine–cysteine chemokine receptor 5-dependent migration of murine and bovine cells. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry indicated that NcCyp was consistently detected in tachyzoites distributed within or around the brain lesions. In conclusion,N. caninum-derived cyclophilin appears to contribute to host cell migration, thereby maintaining parasite/host interactions.
Jesus' return as lottery puzzle: a reply to Donald Smith
Authors: TURNER P. ROGER 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn his recent article, ‘Lottery puzzles and Jesus' return’, Donald Smith says that Christians should accept a very robust scepticism about the future because a Christian ought to think that the probability of Jesus' return happening at any future moment is inscrutable to her. But I think that Smith's argument lacks the power rationally to persuade Christians who are antecedently uncommitted as to whether or not we can or do have any substantive knowledge about the future. Moreover, I think that Christians who are so antecedently uncommitted have available objections they can reasonably press against Smith's arguments. In the article, I attempt to bring out these objections.
Mixed Giardia duodenalis assemblage infections in children and adults in South India
Authors: LAISHRAM S. , KANNAN A. , RAJENDRAN P. , KANG G. , AJJAMPUR S. S. R. 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYThe assemblages of Giardia duodenalis in 25 children with and 25 children without diarrhoea and 24 adults with gastrointestinal symptoms in South India were determined. Polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) targeting the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), β-giardin and triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) genes was used. The tpi PCR was the most sensitive and detected G. duodenalis in all 74 microscopy-positive samples, while gdh and β-giardin PCR were positive in 62·2% and 56·8% of the samples. Assemblage B was predominant in both children and adults (82·4%) followed by assemblage AII (9·4%); assemblage AI was not detected. Infections with both assemblages A and B (detected by tpi PCR–RFLP) were seen exclusively in children and the mixed assemblage BIII and BIV (detected by gdh PCR–RFLP) was more common in children than adults (P=0·058).
Laboratory-based surveillance ofCampylobacterandSalmonellainfection and the importance of denominator data
Authors: JANIEC J. , EVANS M. R. , THOMAS D. R. , DAVIES G. H. , LEWIS H. 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYLaboratory data are the cornerstone in surveillance of infectious disease. We investigated whether changes in reported incidence ofCampylobacterandSalmonellainfection might be explained by changes in stool sampling rates. Data were extracted from a national database on 585 843 patient stool samples tested by microbiology laboratories in Wales between 1998 and 2008.Salmonellaincidence fell from 43 to 19 episodes/100 000 population butCampylobacterincidence after declining from 111/100 000 in 1998 to 84/100 000 in 2003 rose to 119/100 000 in 2008. The proportion of the population sampled rose from 2·0% in 1998 to 2·8% in 2008, mostly due to increases in samples from hospital patients and older adults. The proportion of positive samples declined for bothSalmonellaandCampylobacterfrom 3·1% to 1·1% and from 8·9% to 7·5%, respectively. The decline inSalmonellaincidence is so substantial that it is not masked even by increased stool sampling, but the recent rise inCampylobacterincidence may be a surveillance artefact largely due to the increase in stool sampling in older people.
Is early intervention in psychosis effective?
Authors: Ricciardi Angelo , McAllister Victoria , Dazzan Paola 
Published: January 2012

SummaryAims– Psychosis is a traumatic experience for both sufferers and their families. The morbidity and mortality associated with psychosis may be improved by an assertive, specialised, multidisciplinary approach to care, provided at the earliest opportunity. Early Intervention in Psychosis (EIP) uses such approach to improve the individual's short and long-term symptomatic and functional outcome, as well as quality of life. However, there is still controversy about whether this type of intervention is effective enough to justify its associated costs.Methods– We reviewed evidence from the literature on EIP for schizophrenia spectrum and non-affective psychoses, with particular attention to evidence on its effectiveness in reducing the duration of untreated symptoms, preventing relapses and reducing admission rates, reducing suicide rates, and reducing treatment costs.Results– There is preliminary evidence that EIP may be effective in delaying transition to psychosis, reducing DUP, preventing relapses, reducing admission and suicidal rates, and reducing treatment costs.Discussion– EIP remains a stimulating multidisciplinary approach to psychosis and a demanding commitment for mental health professionals and service developers.Declaration of Interest: None.