bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Processing Conditions on the Properties ofLTCCMaterial
Authors: Makarovič Kostja , Meden Anton , Hrovat Marko , Holc Janez , Benčan Andreja , Dakskobler Aleš , Kosec Marija 
Published: December 2011

In this work the effect of firing temperature and firing time on the phase composition, microstructure, biaxial flexural strength, and temperature coefficient of expansion (TCE) of low‐temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) material is presented. At temperatures around 700°C theAl2O3starts to dissolve in a low viscosity glass phase and this takes place up to 800°C, when 10 wt% ofAl2O3ceramic filler is dissolved in the glass phase forming the alumina‐enriched area. This area is suitable for the crystallization of anorthite, which nucleates on theAl2O3particles. The crystallization starts at 875°C and the mass fraction of anorthite increases with increasing temperature until it reaches a plateau value of around 22 wt% at higher temperatures or longer firing times. The biaxial flexural strength of theLTCCincreases with increasing firing temperature from 135 MPa (at 800°C) to around 300 MPa (at 900°C). The major effect on the biaxial flexural strength ofLTCCis that of porosity. The effect of the amount of anorthite on theLTCCbiaxial flexural strength is minor. TheTCEof theLTCCdecreases from 5.6 × 10−6to 5.0 × 10−6 K−1with increasing firing temperatures or times and it is correlated with the anorthite mass fraction, which crystallizes at the expense of a decreasing amount of glass phase in theLTCC.
Nanocomposite Ti–Si–N Coatings Deposited by Reactive dc Magnetron Sputtering for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Balasubramanian Subramanian , Ramadoss Ananthakumar , Kobayashi Akira , Muthirulandi Jayachandran 
Published: December 2011

Nanocomposite Ti–Si–N coatings were prepared by reactive dc magnetron sputtering in a mixture of Ar and N2 gases onto bio implantable 316L stainless steel substrates. X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that the Ti–Si–N nanocomposite coatings are mainly composed of amorphous Si3N4 and TiN crystals. The presence of different phases like TiN, TiO2, and Si3N4 was confirmed from X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. Raman spectra of the as‐deposited composite coatings exhibited characteristic peaks at 207.5, 305.8, 442.5, and 571.8 cm−1. HRTEM indicated columnar microstructure. A higher hardness value of 35 GPa for the nanocomposite coatings was observed. The potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements showed that the Ti–Si–N nanocomposite coatings exhibited superior corrosion resistance compared with the Si3N4, TiN single layer, and the bare substrate in simulated body fluid solution.
Multicenter Study of Safety in Stenting for Symptomatic Vertebral Artery Origin Stenosis: Results from the Society of Vascular and Interventional Neurology Research Consortium
Authors: Edgell Randall C. , Zaidat Osama O. , Gupta Rishi , Abou‐Chebl Alex , Linfante Italo , Xavier Andrew , Nogueira Raul , Alshekhlee Amer , Kalia Jundaid , Etezadi Vahid , Aghaebrahim Nima , Jovin Tudor 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTPURPOSETo assess the safety and efficacy of vertebral artery origin angioplasty and stenting for stroke prevention in a multicenter clinical experience.METHODSPatients with symptomatic vertebral artery origin stenosis (VAOS) were gathered from the Society of Vascular and Interventional Neurology Research Consortium. Demographic, clinical, and procedural data were collected. The main outcome measure was procedural and peri‐procedural risks of stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), or death at 1 and 3 months. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess covariates associated with future restenosis.RESULTSA total of 148 patients were included with mean age of 66.2 ± 11.5; 74% men and 77% Caucasian. One patient (.8%) had a stroke at 1 month and 5 of 96 (5.2%) patients had TIA at 3 months. There were no immediate procedural events or deaths. The mean angiographic pre‐treatment stenosis was 80.5 ± 12.7%, which was reduced to 5.3 ± 9.1% after stent deployment. Follow‐up angiography showed 15.5% of patients had significant restenosis (≥50%). Predictors of restenosis included age (OR 3.08; 95% CI 1.01, 9.41) and smoking (OR 3.10; 95% CI 1.12, 8.64).CONCLUSIONSEndovascular intervention of VAOS is associated with low peri‐procedural complication rates. Restenosis remains a concern; age and smoking predicted future restenosis.
Imaging of Subacute Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption After Methadone Overdose
Authors: Huisa Branko N. , Gasparovic Charles , Taheri Saeid , Prestopnik Jillian L. , Rosenberg Gary A. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDMethadone intoxication can cause respiratory depression, leading to hypoxia with subsequent coma and death. Delayed postanoxic leukoencephalopathy (DAL) has been reported with intoxication by carbon monoxide, narcotics, and other toxins.OBJECTIVETo investigate the metabolic derangement of the white matter (WM) and blood–brain barrier (BBB) after DAL caused by methadone overdose.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTSCase report of 2 patients with DAL after a single dose of “diverted” methadone used for pain control.RESULTSIn both cases brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed initial extensive bilateral restricted diffusion lesions within the WM. Follow‐up MRI using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1H‐MRSI) showed markedly lower N‐acetylaspartate and higher choline within the WM. BBB permeability, calculated by Patlak graphical analysis of MRI T1 data obtained after contrast agent injection, showed disruption of the BBB within the WM lesions, which persisted longer than a year in 1 patient. Neuropsychological evaluation showed executive dysfunction in both patients. After 1 year, one patient recovered whereas the second remained impaired.CONCLUSIONSMethadone overdose can cause DAL with profound disturbances of neural metabolism and the BBB. The time course of these disturbances can be monitored with MR methods.
Voxel‐Based Statistical Analysis of Fractional Anisotropy and Mean Diffusivity in Patients with Unilateral Temporal Lobe Epilepsy of Unknown Cause
Authors: Keller Simon S. , Ahrens Tobias , Mohammadi Siawoosh , Gerdes Jan S. , Möddel Gabriel , Kellinghaus Christoph , Kugel Harald , Weber Bernd , Ringelstein E. Bernd , Deppe Michael 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTPURPOSETo determine regional alterations of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) in patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐negative temporal lobe epilepsy with unknown cause (TLEu) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and voxel‐based statistics (VBS).METHODSTen patients with left TLEu and no abnormality on conventional MRI and 81 age‐matched neurological healthy controls were studied. VBS analyses were used to compare FA and MD differences between patients and controls. All results were reported using stringent statistical thresholds corrected for multiple comparisons.RESULTSPatients with TLEu had widespread and bilateral reduction of white matter FA, encompassing the temporal lobes, entire corpus callosum, thalamus, and other regions relative to controls. Increased MD was more spatially limited in patients, but was also observed in the thalamus. FA of the putamen was significantly increased bilaterally in patients relative to controls, which correlated with increasing macroscopic atrophy of the putamen.DISCUSSIONWater diffusion abnormalities are widespread and bilaterally distributed in patients with unilateral TLEu, which are beyond the resolution of conventional MRI. FA alterations are more widespread relative to MD alterations. This is the first study to show evidence of interrelated microscopic (ie, FA increase) and macroscopic (ie, atrophy) alterations of the putamen in patients with TLEu.
Cortical Activation Changes in Patients Suffering from Post‐Stroke Arm Spasticity and Treated with Botulinum Toxin A
Authors: Tomášová Zuzana , Hluštík Petr , Král Michal , Otruba Pavel , Herzig Roman , Krobot Alois , Kaňovský Petr 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEBotulinum toxin (BoNT) treatment relieves focal arm spasticity after stroke, likely acting at several hierarchical levels of the motor system. The central correlate of BoNT‐induced spasticity relief may be detected using repeated functional MRI (fMRI) during motor task.METHODSFive patients (4 males, 1 female, mean age 67 years) with hemiparesis and distal arm spasticity after chronic ischemic stroke were studied. FMRI was performed while moving the paretic hand in three sessions: before and 4 and 11 weeks after BoNT treatment.RESULTSArm spasticity significantly decreased following BoNT treatment across the group (mean modified Ashworth scale change .6). FMRI prior to BoNT treatment showed extensive bilateral active networks, whereas post‐BoNT activation was limited to midline and contralateral sensorimotor cortices, and the third examination, when the toxin effect has worn off, again showed extensive activation similar to pre‐BoNT examination. Post‐BoNT session 2 compared to sessions 1 and 3 demonstrated a significantly less activation in contralateral frontoparietal areas including inferior frontal, postcentral, and middle frontal gyri as well as transient crossed cerebellar activation.CONCLUSIONRelief of post‐stroke arm spasticity may be associated with changes at several hierarchical levels of the cortical sensorimotor system, including the prefrontal cortex.
Anterior Spinal Artery Syndrome in a Patient with Vasospasm Secondary to a Ruptured Cervical Dural Arteriovenous Fistula
Authors: Drazin Doniel , Jeswani Sunil , Shirzadi Ali , Choulakian Armen , Alexander Michael J. , Palestrant David , Schievink Wouter 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSpinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVF) in the cervical spine are known to cause subarachnoid hemorrhage. Vasospasm after rupture of a DAVF, however, has not previously been reported.CASE PRESENTATIONA 48‐year‐old woman who presented with the sudden onset of altered mental status. Imaging demonstrated extensive subarachnoid hemorrhage and spinal DAVF at C1 to C2. The patient underwent a suboccipital craniotomy for DAVF ligation. On post‐operative day three, she began having acute weakness in all her extremities with proprioception and vibration preserved, whereas pain and temperature sensation was lost. An angiogram demonstrated bilateral vertebral artery vasospasm with no filling of the anterior spinal artery. Bilateral angioplasty of the vertebral arteries was performed successfully and post‐angioplasty, the right vertebral artery was filling the anterior spinal artery. The patient clinically improved. She subsequently required treatment with n‐butyl cyanoacrylic acid (nBCA) embolization and gamma knife radiosurgery to achieve obliteration of the lesion.CONCLUSIONSFor patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage of unknown origin, differential diagnosis should include DAVF. This patient also presented with vasospasm in the context of ruptured DAVF, a complication previously unreported in the literature. This finding suggests that close monitoring for vasospasm after rupture of DAVF is warranted.
Small molecule regulators of postnatal Nkx2.5 cardiomyoblast proliferation and differentiation
Authors: Chen Wen‐Pin , Wu Sean M. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

•Introduction to postnatal cardiac progenitor cells
•Methods to examine postnatal CPCs with small molecules
‐Transgenic mice
‐Cell culture
‐Measurement of cell proliferation
‐Flow cytometry
‐Immunofluorescence
‐Chemical reagents
•Results and discussion of small molecule effects on CPCs
‐Modulation of TGF‐β but not activin A or BMP2 signalling affects smooth muscle cell differentiation of neonatal Nkx2.5+ cardiomyoblasts
‐Small molecule inhibition of Alk receptors induces an expansion of neonatal Nkx2.5‐eGFP+ cells

While recent data have supported the capacity for a neonatal heart to undergo cardiomyogenesis, it is unclear whether these new cardiomyocytes arise from an immature cardiomyoblast population or from the division of mature cardiomyocytes. By following the expression of enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (eGFP) in an Nkx2.5 enhancer‐eGFP transgenic mice, we have identified a population of immature cells that can undergo cardiomyogenic as well as smooth muscle cell differentiation in the neonatal heart. Here, we examined growth factors and small molecule regulators that potentially regulate the proliferation and cardiomyogenic versus smooth muscle cell differentiation of neonatal Nkx2.5‐GFP
+ cells in vitro. We found that A83‐01 (A83), an inhibitor of TGF‐βRI, was able to induce an expansion of neonatal Nkx2.5‐eGFP
+ cells. In addition, the ability of A83 to expand eGFP
+ cells in culture was dependent on signalling from the mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) as treatment with a MEK inhibitor, PD0325901, abolished this effect. On the other hand, activation of neonatal Nkx2.5‐eGFP
+ cells with TGF‐β1, but not activin A nor BMP2, led to smooth muscle cell differentiation, an effect that can be reversed by treatment with A83. In summary, small molecule inhibition of TGF‐β signalling may be a promising strategy to induce the expansion of a rare population of postnatal cardiomyoblasts.
Social cognition in euthymic bipolar disorder: systematic review and meta‐analytic approach
Authors: Samamé C. , Martino D. J. , Strejilevich S. A. 
Published: December 2011

Samamé C, Martino DJ, Strejilevich SA. Social cognition in euthymic bipolar disorder: systematic review and meta‐analytic approach.Objective:  Deficits in social cognition have been reported in euthymic subjects with bipolar disorder (BD). However, some studies have failed to find differences favoring controls. As most investigations have been conducted with small samples, they have not had sufficient power to detect statistically significant differences. Furthermore, studies communicating positive results have scarcely attempted to estimate effect sizes for patient–control differences. The aim of this study was to summarize the findings of reports on social cognition in patients with euthymic BD and to combine their data to identify possible deficits and quantify their magnitude.Method:  Systematic literature review and meta‐analysis.Results:  Impairments of moderate magnitude (0.5 < d < 0.8) were noted across mentalizing skills, whereas small but significant effect sizes (d < 0.5) were observed for facial emotion recognition. No patient–control differences were found for decision‐making.Conclusion:  Meta‐analytic findings provide evidence for emotion processing and theory of mind deficits in remitted bipolar patients. However, it is not yet clear whether these areas of impairment are related to neurocognitive dysfunctions or to medication effects. The results are discussed with regard to targets for future neuropsychological research on BDs.
Brain dysfunction in fibromyalgia and somatization disorder using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy: a controlled study
Authors: Fayed N. , Andres E. , Rojas G. , Moreno S. , Serrano‐Blanco A. , Roca M. , Garcia‐Campayo J. 
Published: December 2011

Fayed N, Andres E, Rojas G, Moreno S, Serrano‐Blanco A, Roca M, Garcia‐Campayo J. Brain dysfunction in fibromyalgia and somatization disorder using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy: a controlled study.Objective:  To evaluate the brain metabolite patterns in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) and somatization disorder (STD) compared with healthy controls through spectroscopy techniques and correlate these patterns with psychological variables.Method:  Design. Controlled, cross‐sectional study. Sample. Patients were recruited from primary care in Zaragoza, Spain. The control group was recruited from hospital staff. Patients were administered questionnaires on pain catastrophizing, anxiety, depression, pain, quality of life, and cognitive impairment. All patients underwent Magnetic Resonance Imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).Results:  A significant increase was found in the glutamate + glutamine (Glx) levels in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC): 10.73 (SD: 0.49) for FM and 9.67 (SD: 1.10) for STD 9.54 (SD: 1.46) compared with controls (P = 0.043). In the FM + STD group, a correlation between Glx and pain catastrophizing in PCC (r = 0.397; P = 0.033) and between quality of life and the myo‐inositol/creatine ratio in the left hippocampus (r = −0.500; P = 0.025) was found. To conclude Glutamate seems to be relevant in the molecular processes involved in FM and STD. It also opens the door for Proton MRS (1H‐MRS) in STD and suggests that reducing glutamatergic activity through pharmacological treatment could improve the outcome of patients with FM and STD.Conclusion:  Glutamate seems to be relevant in the molecular processes involved in FM and STD. It also opens the door for Proton MRS (1H‐MRS) in STD and suggests that reducing glutamatergic activity through pharmacological treatment could improve the outcome of patients with FM and STD.
Prominent CD56 expression by damaged and regenerating muscle fibers in the skin
Authors: Mckay Kristopher , McNiff Jennifer , Subtil Antonio 
Published: December 2011

Background: Antibodies to CD56 label natural killer cells as well as tissues with neural and neuroendocrine differentiation. Despite its apparently limited distribution, other conditions may unexpectedly show strong CD56 expression.Methods: We report three cases to document another setting with strong expression of CD56 in the skin: damaged and/or regenerating muscle fibers. One case of cutaneous lupus erythematosus, one case of lymphomatoid granulomatosis, and one case of a dermal scar adjacent to cutaneous muscle fibers were evaluated with a panel of antibodies, including CD56.Results: All cases showed histopathologic evidence of muscle fiber damage in the setting of lymphocytic infiltration or trauma. All cases showed prominent expression of CD56 by damaged and/or regenerating muscle fibers. The degree of CD56 expression was directly proportional to the proximity to the injury site and inversely proportional to fiber diameter.Conclusions: Even though CD56 is a useful marker for certain cytotoxic lymphomas and neural/neuroendocrine neoplasms, its expression is not limited to these conditions. Our cases highlight another unexpected example of strong CD56 expression in the skin: damaged and/or regenerating muscle fibers. The growing list of CD56‐positive conditions suggests that this marker may not be as specific as initially assumed.Mckay K, McNiff J, Subtil A. Prominent CD56 expression by damaged and regenerating muscle fibers in the skin.
Osteochondrolipoma: a subcutaneous lipoma with chondroid and bone differentiation of the chest wall
Authors: Gru Alejandro A. , Santa Cruz Daniel J. 
Published: December 2011

Lipomas are the most common subtype of benign soft tissue neoplasms and can occur anywhere in the body. Differentiation into a diversity of mesenchymal elements, such as blood vessels, fibrous tissue or muscle, is a frequent event. However, the presence of bone or cartilage in these tumors is extraordinarily rare with very few cases reported in the head and neck area. We report a case of an ‘osteochondrolipoma’ of the chest wall, in a young individual, providing a rationale in support of this as a possible and distinctive histologic subtype of lipomas, as well as discussion in the differential diagnosis of this lesion.Gru AA, Santa Cruz, DJ. Osteochondrolipoma: a subcutaneous lipoma with chondroid and bone differentiation of the chest wall.
A comparison of echo‐enhanced voiding urosonography with X‐ray voiding cystourethrography in the first year of life
Authors: Ključevšek Damjana , Battelino Nina , Tomažič Mojca , Kersnik Levart Tanja 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackground:  Second‐generation echo‐enhanced voiding urosonography (VUS) with improved contrast‐specific ultrasound (US) techniques is increasingly being used for vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) detection.Aim:  To compare VUS with X‐ray voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) and to evaluate the predictive value of pelvicalyceal dilatation for detecting VUR in the first year of life.Materials and methods:  Sixty‐six children younger than one were investigated by US, VUS and VCUG. VCUG represented the reference method for VUR detection.Results:  According to VCUG, VUR was present in 16/132 (12%) renal units. VUS confirmed all these and additionally revealed VUR in 26 renal units (all together 42/132 (32%) renal units with VUR). It should be noted that all VUR detected only with VUS and missed by VCUG were of grades II and III. In 27/92 (29%) US normal and in 15/40 (37%) renal units with pelvicalyceal dilatation, VUR was detected by VUS.Conclusion:  We believe that VUS could safely replace VCUG in VUR detection in infants, with no regard to the degree of abnormality of the upper urinary tract seen on US. VCUG should be limited only to cases where bladder and/or urethra pathology are suspected.
Degradation of Silicon Nitride Glow Plugs in Various Environments Part 3: NGDI Engine
Authors: Oprea Carmen , Wong Frankie , Karimi Sharif Hamed , Blair Colin , Welch Alan , Troczynski Tom 
Published: December 2011

Providing a reliable hot surface ignition system (glow plug, GP) for natural gas‐direct injection engines is challenging. This paper presents experimental results of aging all‐ceramic Si3N4‐based GPs in an engine, continuing previously published results on electric and gas burner rigs. The microstructural modifications of the ceramic heater, leading to degradation and ultimately to failure, are effected by four synergistic mechanisms: electrical, chemical, mechanical, and thermal. GP lifetime in engine follows the general Arrhenius law, with activation energy of 5.2 eV, (vs 9.1 V on burner rig and 13.8 eV on electric rig, as reported previously), suggesting additional factors contributing to GP failure in the engine.
Arcminute Microkelvin Imager observations of unmatched Planck ERCSC LFI sources at 15.75 GHz
Authors:   AMI Consortium, Perrott Yvette C. , Green David A. , Davies Matthew L. , Franzen Thomas M. O. , Grainge Keith J. B. , Hobson Michael P. , Hurley-Walker Natasha , Lasenby Anthony N. , Olamaie Malak , Pooley Guy G. , Rodríguez-Gonzálvez Carmen , Saunders Richard D. E. , Scaife Anna M. M. , Schammel Michel P. , Scott Paul F. , Shimwell Timothy W. , Titterington David J. , Waldram Elizabeth M. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT
The Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue includes 26 sources with no obvious matches in other radio catalogues (of predominantly extragalactic sources). Here we present observations made with the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager Small Array (AMI SA) at 15.75 GHz of the eight unmatched sources at δ &gt; +10°. Of the eight, four are detected and are associated with known objects. The other four are not detected with the AMI SA, and are thought to be spurious.
First stars in damped Lyα systems
Authors: Salvadori Stefania , Ferrara Andrea 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT
In order to characterize damped Lyα absorption systems (DLAs) potentially hosting first stars, we present a novel approach to investigate DLAs in the context of Milky Way (MW) formation, along with their connection with the most metal-poor stars and local dwarf galaxies. The merger tree method previously developed is extended to include inhomogeneous reionization and metal mixing, and it is validated by matching both the metallicity distribution function of Galactic halo stars and the Fe–luminosity relation of dwarf spheroidal galaxies. The model explains the observed –Fe relation of DLAs along with the chemical abundances of [Fe/H] &lt; −2 systems. In this picture, the recently discovered zabs≈ 2.34 C-enhanced DLA pertains to a new class of absorbers hosting first stars along with second-generation long-living low-mass stars. These ‘Population III DLAs’ are the descendants of H2-cooling minihaloes with , which virialize at z &gt; 8 in neutral, primordial regions of the MW environment and passively evolve after a short initial period of star formation. The gas in these systems is warm K, and strongly C-enriched by long-living, extremely metal-poor stars of total mass M*≈ 102–104 M⊙.