bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ammonoid assemblages from the Asbian B
2b
(Early Carboniferous: Mississippian) buildups of the Peak District, England
Authors: Korn D. , Tilsley J. W. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY

Ammonoids from the late Asbian (B
2b
Assemblage Biozone) Cracoean buildups or reefs of the Peak District (Derbyshire and Staffordshire, England) are revised. Utilizing new collections and additional museum material, enhanced descriptions and illustrations are possible. Details of conch morphology, growth characteristics, suture development and shell ornament are presented for species belonging to the genera
Bollandites, Bollandoceras, Beyrichoceras, Goniatites, Sygambrites, Nomismoceras
and
Prolecanites.
The new species
Bollandites rileyi
sp. nov.,
Bollandoceras fordi
sp. nov.,
Bollandoceras crowdecotense
sp. nov. and
Sygambrites mundyi
sp. nov. are described. A neotype is proposed for
Bollandites castletonensis
and a lectotype for
Beyrichoceras delicatum.
Hydromagnesite and dypingite from the Northern Pennine Orefield, Northern England
Authors: Green D. I. , Young B. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY
The rare basic hydrated magnesium carbonate minerals hydromagnesite and dypingite are reported from low temperature hydrothermal Pb–Zn deposits in the Alston Block of the Northern Pennine Orefield. Both minerals occur as very late stage constituents of deposits rich in barium carbonates. Apparently similar though uncharacterized magnesium carbonates are noted in very small amounts from elsewhere in the orefield.
Beaverite from Cumbria and Yorkshire
Authors: Green D. I. , Young B. , Ixer R. A. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY
The rare lead copper iron sulphate mineral beaverite is reported from the oxidized zones of low temperature lead and copper bearing veins near Malham, North Yorkshire and in Borrowdale, Cumbria. It occurs as a component of supergene mineral assemblages that are typical of oxidation in near neutral conditions.
Discovery of the largest theropod dinosaur track known from the Middle Jurassic of Yorkshire
Authors: Whyte M. A. , Romano M. , Hudson J. G. , Watts W. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY

A tridactyl dinosaur track from the Long Nab Member of the Scalby Formation, Burniston Bay, Yorkshire is described and figured. The specimen is the largest known theropod track from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) of the Cleveland Basin. It is at least 55 cm long, and has a total divarication of
c.
70°, a sub-triangular heel and distinctly clawed digits with digital nodes. The track is used to characterize and redefine morphotype Bxviii of the Cleveland region. The large carnivore that made the print is estimated to have been at least 2.2 m high at the hip. Distinctive underprinted and transmitted preservational features allow the surface on which the track was made to be identified.
‘Screwstones’ from the Lower Carboniferous (Mississippian; Visean, Brigantian) at Bradford Dale, Youlgrave, Derbyshire, and a new species of
Gilbertsocrinus
Phillips (Echinodermata, Crinoidea)
Authors: Donovan S. K. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY

Screwstones are chert clasts from the Lower Carboniferous (Mississippian) of Derbyshire in which the internal moulds of the axial canal of crinoid pluricolumnals have a screw-like appearance. They are commonly regarded as curiosities, but chert can preserve the morphological details of crinoid ossicles exquisitely. The thecae of
Gilbertsocrinus
occur only in the Tournaisian (Ivorian to Chadian) of the British Isles, yet their distinctive columnals range from Upper Devonian (Famennian) to Visean (Brigantian) in the same region. The youngest such columnals, rounded in outline with a narrow to moderately broad marginal crenularium, a broad pentalobate lumen, and heteromorphic with two orders of internodal, are described as
Gilbertsocrinus fionae
sp. nov. from cherts of the Monsal Dale Limestone Formation of Youlgrave, Derbyshire.
Stratigraphical and geographical distribution of Mississippian (Lower Carboniferous) Crinoidea from England and Wales
Authors: Ausich W. I. , Kammer T. W. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY

Sixty genera of Mississippian crinoids, comprising 191 species, are evaluated from 83 localities in England and Wales, based on modern revisions from the literature, study of museum collections and new field work. These genera occurred through ten time units in the Mississippian (Tournaisian–Serpukhovian). Among the 191 species, 161 are considered valid with 28 requiring new combinations of genus and species names. Twelve species are considered
nomina dubia,
one species is considered a
nomen nudum,
three species cannot be assigned with certainty to a genus, and 14 can only be assigned at the generic level. Hastarian (Times 1 and 2) faunas have a very low generic richness with only one genus known. Ivorian (Time 3) faunas have a substantially higher generic richness with 21 genera known. Chadian faunas have the highest generic richness with 28 genera from the lower Chadian (Time 4) and 19 genera from the upper Chadian (Time 5). Post-Chadian faunas include those from the Arundian (Time 6), Holkerian (Time 7), Asbian (Time 8), Brigantian (Time 9) and Pendleian (Time 10); all have low generic richness with 0, 4, 7, 13 and 7 genera known, respectively. The dominant Mississippian crinoid faunas are on Ivorian carbonate ramps, Chadian Waulsortian and Waulsortian-related facies, and in the Pendleian marine beds that supported
Woodocrinus.
In comparable facies, the composition of faunas is similar in England and Wales and North America, although generic richness is commonly lower in England and Wales. The overall crinoid fauna has much lower generic richness in England and Wales than in North America because the stratigraphical record of England and Wales preserves a much lower diversity of crinoid-bearing facies. The critical Arundian-Holkerian interval for Palaeozoic crinoid history is poorly represented in England and Wales.
The ammonite succession in the ‘Oxford Clay’ at South Cave Station Quarry, Yorkshire
Authors: Phipps K. J. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY
The argillaceous succession at South Cave Station Quarry, East Yorkshire, historically described as the Oxford Clay, can be divided into the Callovian Oxford Clay Formation (upper part of the Peterborough Member and the Stewartby Member) and the Brantingham Formation of Oxfordian age. Of the standard Jurassic chronostratigraphical zones, the Coronatum Zone may be present as a thin bed of clayey sandstone at the base of the Oxford Clay Formation. The overlying beds of this formation belong to the Athleta Zone (Phaeinum and Proniae subzones), and the Brantingham Formation at South Cave Station Quarry belongs to the Cordatum Subzone of the Cordatum Zone. Two significant non-sequences have been recorded. The lower non-sequence, spanning the Jason Zone and perhaps part of the Coronatum Zone, is also present in North Yorkshire and Lincolnshire. The higher non-sequence, from the Spinosum Subzone of the Athleta Zone to the Costicardia Subzone of the Cordatum Zone, appears to be restricted to the South Cave and the Acklam area, near Malton, in North Yorkshire. Clear links have been established between the ammonite assemblages of the Proniae Subzone at South Cave and those at Peckondale Hill and Acklam, both near Malton, and in the area between Peterborough and Oxford.
The Pleistocene glaciations of eastern Yorkshire: a review
Authors: Catt J. A. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY

The Pleistocene deposits of eastern Yorkshire and adjacent areas have been studied intensively for about 150 years, but numerous problems of dating and correlation remain. Holderness provides the British type site for deposits of the Last Glacial Maximum (the Dimlington Stadial, part of Marine Isotope Stage 2) here dated to between 18,500 and 13,000 radiocarbon years (
c.
23,000–15,000 calendar years) BP, but older glacial deposits are still very difficult to date precisely. An earlier Devensian glaciation of east Lincolnshire and south-west Yorkshire has been suggested, but remains uncertain. The most extensive pre-Devensian glacial deposit is the Basement Till of Holderness and other eastern coastal areas. This is overlain by the raised beach of the Ipswichian Stage (MIS 5e; 128,000–117,000 years ago) at Sewerby, by the pre-Ipswichian Calcethorpe Till at Welton-le-Wold, Lincolnshire, and by boulders weathered in interglacial conditions at Warren House Gill, Durham, so it was deposited during MIS 6 or an earlier cold stage. Late Devensian (MIS 2) amino-acid dates for marine shells from the Basement Till at Dimlington may be explained by intrusion during subglacial disturbance of the till’s upper layers by the Late Devensian glacier. In coastal areas of east Yorkshire, the Skipsea and Withernsea tills and their equivalents between Flamborough Head and the Tees Estuary are attributed to the Dimlington Stadial, and there is considerable evidence that they were deposited by a single surge of a two-tiered ice sheet. The lower (Skipsea) tier originated in south-east Scotland and north-east England, and the upper (Withernsea) tier from Lake District ice that crossed the Pennines via the Stainmore Gap and overrode the Skipsea Till glacier in the Lower Tees Valley area. Stainmore ice was also diverted southwards into the Vale of York. The patchy 'Older Drift' in the Vale of York (mainly grey till with Permian, Carboniferous and Lake District erratics) was also deposited by Stainmore ice flowing southwards, probably in MIS 12.
Palynomorphs from the Penarth Group (Rhaetian, Late Triassic) at outcrop in north-west Lincolnshire, England
Authors: Warrington G. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY
Palynomorphs have previously been documented from only two sections of the Penarth Group in Lincolnshire, in the Blyborough and Tetney Lock boreholes. These records are now augmented by the first from the group at crop in that county, from temporary exposures near Scotter and between Kettlethorpe and Thorney, north-west Lincolnshire. By comparison with those from the Blyborough and Tetney Lock sections and other records nearby in Yorkshire and Nottinghamshire, an assemblage from near Scotter is considered to be from a level low in the Westbury Formation, and those from a site between Kettlethorpe and Thorney to be from higher levels in the Penarth Group, within the Cotham Member of the Lilstock Formation. The assemblages include spores, pollen and organic-walled microplankton that are indicative of a Rhaetian (late Late Triassic) age. The organic-walled microplankton include acritarchs and dinoflagellate cysts, indicating a marine depositional environment.
A field guide to the Silurian Echinodermata of the British Isles: Part 2 – Crinoidea, minor groups and discussion
Authors: Donovan S. K. , Lewis D. N. , Crabb P. , Widdison R. E. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY
Crinoids are the most common and diverse group of echinoderms in the Silurian of the British Isles. This guide describes examples of all nominal crinoid groups recognized from this interval and region (48 genera, about 100 species). In contrast, coronate, edrioasteroid, mitrate and cyclocystoid echinoderms are rare, the first three higher taxonomic groups being represented by a single species each, and the last by two species. Of 145 species of echinoderms in the Silurian of the British Isles, 74 are known from the Much Wenlock Limestone Formation of Wenlock age at Dudley in the West Midlands. For comparison, the most diverse faunas from the Llandovery Series (North Esk Inlier, Pentland Hills, Scotland) and Ludlow Series (Lower Leintwardine Formation, Leintwardine, Herefordshire) consist of only 16 and 17 species, respectively. If the echinoderm-rich succession at Dudley was unknown, the three older series of the Silurian, the Llandovery, Wenlock and Ludlow, would each include about 30 known species of echinoderm. It is the extreme diversity of the Much Wenlock Limestone Formation at Dudley that makes the eehinoderm diversities of the Llandovery and Ludlow appear depauperate.
Gryphaea
beds (upper Scunthorpe Mudstone Formation; Lower Jurassic) at Scunthorpe, North Lincolnshire, north-east England
Authors: Radley J. D. 
Published: December 2009

Summary
The upper part of the Scunthorpe Mudstone Formation (Sinemurian, Lower Jurassic) beneath the Frodingham Ironstone at Scunthorpe, north-east England, comprises richly fossiliferous mudrocks and limestones. These strata were recently exposed in temporary sections north of Scunthorpe and yielded large numbers of gryphaeid oysters and other invertebrate fossils. Many of the oysters are extensively bioeroded and disarticulated, and locally constitute coarse-grained bioclastic limestones. These features indicate establishment of a periodically agitated, shallow-water, photic setting, presaging deposition of the ooidal Frodingham Ironstone during the culmination of mid-Sinemurian shallowing.
A conundrum from the Llandovery (Lower Silurian) of Devil’s Dingle, Shropshire
Authors: Donovan S. K. , Lewis D. N. 
Published: December 2009

Summary

A root-like structure from the Llandovery (Telychian) of Devil’s Dingle, Shropshire, may be an invertebrate attachment structure or a trace fossil close to
Chondrites
isp. von Sternberg, although the possibility that it is a Recent plant root trace is also considered. The specimen is preserved as an external mould in a medium-grained sandstone bed, oriented perpendicular to bedding on a joint surface. The structure has a central shaft that is inflated at branching points; lateral branches are directed sub-horizontally at shallower depths and at progressively greater angles to the horizontal in deeper parts of the structure. Multiple branches are regularly distributed down the shaft. With insufficient definitive features to determine whether it is a body or, more probably, a trace fossil, the specimen is named, conservatively, as
Chondrites
? sp., although a Recent botanical origin is not discounted.
Microfossils and geochemistry of some modern, Holocene and Pleistocene travertines from North Yorkshire and Derbyshire
Authors: Pentecost A. , Zhao-Hui Zhang 
Published: December 2009

Summary
The geochemistry of some modern, Holocene (4–4.5 ka) and Pleistocene (>100 ka) travertines from the UK is described. Four facies were recognized: one bryophyte, two algal and one clastic.

In the Holocene travertine, from Gordale, Yorkshire, concentrations of Fe, Mn, Sr, Zn and the travertine porosity showed significant differences between facies that were related to the content of acid-insoluble residues and differences in meteoric diagenesis. The modern, active travertines, also from Gordale, similarly showed significant geochemical differences between facies types. All geochemical determinands in the modern travertines were higher by a factor of about two compared with the Holocene travertine. This is believed to be due to increased catchment erosion over the past few centuries and travertine deposits may therefore provide information on rates of soil erosion. The stable isotopic compositions of the travertine averaged −5.9‰ for δ
18
O and −9.6‰ for δ
13
C, but there were no significant differences between the facies.

Seventeen diatom taxa were found in the Holocene deposits but numbers were low when compared with the modern deposits, which were higher by a factor of about 1000. Dissolution of diatoms after burial would be sufficient to account for all of the authigenic quartz observed in these deposits. Four classes of organic matter were identified in the Holocene and Pleistocene samples: filaments, perforated plates, spores and amorphous forms. Their abundance differed little between facies. Some of the filamentous structures were probably post-depositional fungal hyphae utilizing carbon resources within the deposits.
The concentration of folding and faulting in the Chalk at Staple Newk (Scale Nab), near Flamborough, East Yorkshire
Authors: Starmer I. C. 
Published: December 2009

Summary
At Staple Newk [TA 205 737], intensive folding and thrusting of the Chalk were restricted to a 200 m long section. The ENE-WSW folding and NNW-SSE thrusting resulted from dextral transpressive reactivation of the underlying ENE-WSW Bempton Fault. Detachment folding in the Welton Chalk Formation produced a monocline with a vertical limb that locked and was then cut by a thrust. This parallel style of folding contrasted with that in the overlying, more thinly bedded Burnham Chalk Formation, where tight and disharmonic, angular folding developed between the vertical limb and the north-north-west propagating thrust. When the tight, angular folding locked, south-south-eastward back-thrusts combined with the main thrust, but both diminished and died out upwards. Later, low-angle extensional faulting was followed by steep normal faulting.
Folding and thrusting also developed in the Chalk at Selwicks Bay, 6 km to the south-east. Here, four deformation phases (‘D1–D4’) can be separated and the later phases can be correlated with those that affected Staple Newk. At both localities, folding and thrusting were produced by a ‘D3’ N–S contraction which was more than cancelled later by ‘D4’ N–S extension, causing low-angle extensional faulting and subsequent steep normal faulting.
Within the Howardian Hills-Flamborough Fault Belt, contractional features (folds and thrusts) and subsequent low-angle extensional faults were local developments and were replaced en echelon by similar structures. The later, steep normal faults produced the more-continuous E–W fault pattern.
WNT16B Is a New Marker of Cellular Senescence That Regulates p53 Activity and the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/AKT Pathway
Authors: Binet Romuald , Ythier Damien , Robles Ana I. , Collado Manuel , Larrieu Delphine , Fonti Claire , Brambilla Elisabeth , Brambilla Christian , Serrano Manuel , Harris Curtis C. , Pedeux Rémy 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Senescence is a tumor suppression mechanism that is induced by several stimuli, including oncogenic signaling and telomere shortening, and controlled by the p53/p21WAF1 signaling pathway. Recently, a critical role for secreted factors has emerged, suggesting that extracellular signals are necessary for the onset and maintenance of senescence. Conversely, factors secreted by senescent cells may promote tumor growth. By using expression profiling techniques, we searched for secreted factors that were overexpressed in fibroblasts undergoing replicative senescence. We identified WNT16B, a member of the WNT family of secreted proteins. We found that WNT16B is overexpressed in cells undergoing stress-induced premature senescence and oncogene-induced senescence in both MRC5 cell line and the in vivo murine model of K-RasV12–induced senescence. By small interfering RNA experiments, we observed that both p53 and WNT16B are necessary for the onset of replicative senescence. WNT16B expression is required for the full transcriptional activation of p21WAF1. Moreover, WNT16B regulates activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway. Overall, we identified WNT16B as a new marker of senescence that regulates p53 activity and the PI3K/AKT pathway and is necessary for the onset of replicative senescence. [Cancer Res 2009;69(24):9183–91]
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Ovarian Tumor Progression Induced by Tissue Transglutaminase
Authors: Shao Minghai , Cao Liyun , Shen Changyu , Satpathy Minati , Chelladurai Bhadrani , Bigsby Robert M. , Nakshatri Harikrishna , Matei Daniela 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Tissue transglutaminase (TG2), an enzyme that catalyzes Ca2+-dependent aggregation and polymerization of proteins, is overexpressed in ovarian cancer cells and tumors. We previously reported that TG2 facilitates tumor dissemination using an i.p. xenograft model. Here we show that TG2 modulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), contributing to increased ovarian cancer cell invasiveness and tumor metastasis. By using stable knockdown and overexpression in epithelial ovarian cancer cells, we show that TG2 induces a mesenchymal phenotype, characterized by cadherin switch and invasive behavior in a Matrigel matrix. This is mediated at the transcriptional level by altering the expression levels and function of several transcriptional repressors, including Zeb1. One mechanism through which TG2 induces Zeb1 is by activating the nuclear factor-κB complex. The effects of TG2 on ovarian cancer cell phenotype and invasiveness translate into increased tumor formation and metastasis in vivo, as assessed by an orthotopic ovarian xenograft model. Highly expressed in ovarian tumors, TG2 promotes EMT and enhances ovarian tumor metastasis by activating oncogenic signaling. [Cancer Res 2009;69(24):9192–201]
Tgfbr1 Haploinsufficiency Inhibits the Development of Murine Mutant Kras-Induced Pancreatic Precancer
Authors: Adrian Kevin , Strouch Matthew J. , Zeng Qinghua , Barron Morgan R. , Cheon Eric C. , Honasoge Akilesh , Xu Yanfei , Phukan Sharbani , Sadim Maureen , Bentrem David J. , Pasche Boris , Grippo Paul J. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
To dissect the role of constitutively altered Tgfbr1 signaling in pancreatic cancer development, we crossed Elastase-KrasG12D (EL-Kras) mice with Tgfbr1 haploinsufficient mice to generate EL-Kras/Tgfbr1+/− mice. Mice were euthanized at 6 to 9 months to compare the incidence, frequency, and size of precancerous lesions in the pancreas. Only 50% of all EL-Kras/Tgfbr1+/− mice developed preinvasive lesions compared with 100% of EL-Kras (wild-type Tgfbr1) mice. The frequency of precancerous lesions was 4-fold lower in haploinsufficient than in control mice. Paradoxically, the precancerous lesions of EL-Kras/Tgfbr1+/− mice were considerably larger than those in EL-Kras mice. Yet, the mitotic index of precancerous cells and the observable levels of fibrosis, lipoatrophy, and lymphocytic infiltration were reduced in EL-Kras/Tgfbr1+/− mice. We conclude that Tgfbr1 signaling promotes the development of precancerous lesions in mice. These findings suggest that individuals with constitutively decreased TGFBR1 expression may have a decreased risk of pancreatic cancer. [Cancer Res 2009;69(24):9169–74]
Cancer Stem Cells and Aneuploid Populations within Developing Tumors Are the Major Determinants of Tumor Dormancy
Authors: Kusumbe Anjali P. , Bapat Sharmila A. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Tumor formation involves substantial cell division and genetic instability, but the relationship between quiescent cancer stem cells (CSC) and dividing progenitors in these events is poorly understood. Likewise, the implication of aneuploid cells in solid tumors is uncertain. CSCs are postulated to contribute to tumor dormancy and present a formidable obstacle in limiting treatment outcomes for a majority of cancers, whereas the genetic heterogeneity conjured by aneuploid cells may influence tumor drug resistance. However, direct confirmation of these events remains forthcoming. In the present study, we addressed the identification of tumor dormancy in terms of isolation of therapy-refractory residual tumor cells from tumors that persist in a state of quiescence as label-retaining cells. The choices of label were PKH67/PKH26 dyes that irreversibly bind to the lipid bilayer on cell membranes and get equally partitioned among daughter cells subsequent to each cell division. Consequent characterization revealed that label-retaining cells encompass two different populations capable of remaining in a state of quiescence, i.e., stem-like cells and aneuploid cells. The former express a reversibility of quiescence through retention of functionality and also exhibit therapeutic refractoriness; the latter seem to be either quiescent or proliferation-arrested at steady-state. Subsequent to exposure to selective pressure of chemotherapy, a fraction of these cells may acquire the potential to proliferate in a drug-refractory manner and acquire stem-like characteristics. Collectively, the findings of the present study reveal that tumor-derived CSCs and aneuploid populations contribute to drug resistance and tumor dormancy in cancer progression. [Cancer Res 2009;69(24):9245–53]