bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of Severely Injured Adult Trauma Patients in an Australian Health Service: Does Trauma Center Level Make a Difference?
Authors: Curtis Kate , Chong Shanley , Mitchell Rebecca , Newcombe Mark , Black Deborah , Langcake Mary 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundTrauma centers are designated to provide systematized multidisciplinary care to injured patients. Effective trauma systems reduce patient mortality by facilitating the treatment of injured patients at appropriately resourced hospitals. Several U.S. studies report reduced mortality among patients admitted directly to a level I trauma center compared with those admitted to hospitals with less resources. It has yet to be shown whether there is an outcome benefit associated with the “level of hospital” initially treating severely injured trauma patients in Australia. This study was designed to determine whether the level of trauma center providing treatment impacts mortality and/or hospital length of stay.MethodsOutcomes were evaluated for severely injured trauma patients with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) > 15 using NSW Institute of Trauma and Injury Management data from 2002–2007 for our regional health service. To assess the association between trauma centers and binary outcomes, a logistic regression model was used. To assess the association between trauma centers and continuous outcomes, a multivariable linear regression model was used. Sex, age, and ISS were included as covariates in all models.ResultsThere were 1,986 trauma presentations during the 6‐year period. Patients presenting to a level III trauma center had a significantly higher risk of death than those presenting to the level I center, regardless of age, sex, ISS, or prehospital time. Peer review of deaths at the level III center identified problems in care delivery in 15 cases associated with technical errors, delay in decision making, or errors of judgement.ConclusionSeverely injured patients treated at a level III center had a higher mortality rate than those treated at a level I center. Most problems identified occurred in the emergency department and were related to delays in care provision. This research highlights the importance of efficient prehospital, in‐hospital, and regional trauma systems, performance monitoring, peer review, and adherence to protocols and guidelines.
Tertiary Survey Performance in a Regional Trauma Hospital Without a Dedicated Trauma Service
Authors: Keijzers Gerben B. , Campbell Don , Hooper Jeffrey , Bost Nerolie , Crilly Julia , Steele Michael Craig , Eddington Blake , Geeraedts Leo M. G. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundInitial management of trauma patients is focused on identifying life‐ and limb‐threatening injuries and may lead to missed injuries. A tertiary survey can minimise the number and effect of missed injuries and involves a physical re‐examination and review of all investigations within 24 h of admission. There is little information on current practice of tertiary survey performance in hospitals without a dedicated trauma service. We aimed to determine the rate of tertiary survey performance and the detail of documentation as well as the baseline rate of missed injuries.MethodsWe performed a retrospective, descriptive study of all multitrauma patients who presented to an Australian level II regional trauma centre without a dedicated trauma service between May 2008 and February 2009. A medical records review was conducted to determine tertiary survey performance and missed injury rate.ResultsOf 252 included trauma patients, 20% (n = 51) had a tertiary survey performed. A total of nine missed injuries were detected in eight patients (3.2%). Of the multiple components of the tertiary survey, most were poorly documented. Documentation was more comprehensive in the subgroup of patients who did have a formal tertiary survey.ConclusionsTertiary survey performance was poor, as indicated by low documentation rates. The baseline missed injury rate was comparable to previous that of retrospective studies, although in this study an underestimation of true missed injury rates is likely. Implementing a formal, institutional tertiary survey may lead to improved tertiary survey performance and documentation and therefore improved trauma care in hospitals without a dedicated trauma service.
Dunking pancreaticojejunostomy versus duct‐to‐mucosa anastomosis
Authors: Kennedy Eugene P. , Yeo Charles J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractFollowing the resectional aspect of pancreaticoduodenectomy, three anastomoses are used to reestablish gastrointestinal continuity. The pancreatic–enteric anastomosis is by far the most problematic, and has been considered by many the Achilles heel of the pancreaticoduodenal resection. Multiple clinical trials have been published focusing on improving outcomes of the pancreatic–enteric anastomosis, including elements such as the use of prophylactic octreotide, the use of sealants, stenting of the pancreatic duct, and surgical technique. There are two widely used methods to accomplish an end‐to‐side pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) after pancreaticoduodenectomy: either invagination PJ or duct‐to‐mucosa PJ. Two prospective randomized trials have evaluated these techniques, the first a trial by Bassi and co‐authors, and the second a trial by Berger et al. In this article we will focus on our current technique for both invagination pancreaticojejunostomy and duct‐to‐mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy, recognizing that careful surgical technique, surgeon experience, and surgical volume are factors that are important in yielding the best outcomes.
Reading Between the Lines: A Comparison of Responders and Non‐responders to a Family History Questionnaire and Implications for Cancer Genetic Counselling
Authors: Appleby‐Tagoe Julia H. , Foulkes William D. , Palma Laura 
Published: August 2011

AbstractFamily history questionnaires (FHQ) are useful tools for cancer genetic counseling, providing an informational basis for pedigree construction and individualized cancer risk assessment. Reported return rates of mailed FHQs amongst familial cancer clinics that utilize them are lower than desired however, and it is unknown whether patients perceive required completion of a FHQ as a barrier to access of cancer genetics services. This study critically evaluated the use of a mailed FHQ for all routine new patient referrals to a single hereditary cancer clinic in Quebec, Canada. Reasons for response/non‐response to a FHQ and the effect of administration of a questionnaire on patients’ self‐reported level of motivation to pursue genetic counseling, were examined. Of 112 eligible individuals referred during the study period, 86 completed a semi‐structured telephone survey; of these, 45% had returned the mailed FHQ prior to the telephone survey (Responders) and 55% had not (Non‐responders). Overall, the majority of participants indicated a FHQ is an acceptable and understandable method of collecting family history information. Most prevalent reasons for not returning the FHQ were (bad) timing (56%), and difficulty accessing family history information (46%). Non‐response was significantly associated with difficulty in asking relatives for the requested information (p = 0.011), and Non‐responders cited fewer overall perceived benefits of cancer genetic counseling as compared with Responders (p < 0.0001). One quarter of Non‐responders returned the mailed FHQ following administration of the telephone survey, suggesting implementation of a follow‐up prompt is a cost‐effective way to increase response.
Forming State Collaborations to Diversify the Nation's Health Workforce: The Experience of the Sullivan Alliance to Transform the Health Professions
Authors: Mittman Ilana Suez , Sullivan Louis W. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDiversifying the nation's health professions is essential in order to maintain a vigorous health workforce, able to respond to the needs of all Americans. The inability of the health workforce to keep pace with the changing demographics of the nation is a major cause of the persistent inequities in access to quality health care for ethnic and racial minorities in the U.S. Ethnic and racial minorities have been underrepresented in the genetic counseling profession since its inception, despite vigorous professional initiatives to remedy this situation. Mittman and Downs published a critical review of these initiatives detailing recommendations for change in this journal in 2008. One of their major recommendations was the need to learn from, and join, efforts with other health professions in seeking to increase professional diversity in genetic counseling. This paper reviews new findings on issues impacting health workforce diversity in the nation, presents a case study of a national best practice to diversify the health workforce and illuminates actions that can be taken by the genetic counseling profession. The Sullivan Alliance to Diversify the Health Professions is a culmination of two historic initiatives for addressing the dearth of minority health professionals and is a national catalyst for increasing diversity within the health professions by forging state collaborations among institutions of higher education, health professions schools and other key stakeholders.
Population Composition, Public Policy, and the Genetics of Smoking
Authors: Boardman Jason D. , Blalock Casey L. , Pampel Fred C. , Hatemi Peter K. , Heath Andrew C. , Eaves Lindon J. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
In this article, we explore the effect of public policy on the extent to which genes influence smoking desistance. Using a sample of adult twins (nmz = 363, ndz = 233) from a large population registry, we estimate Cox proportional hazards models that describe similarity in the timing of smoking desistance among adult twin pairs. We show that identical twin pairs are significantly more likely to quit smoking within a similar time frame compared with fraternal twin pairs. Importantly, we then show that genetic factors for smoking desistance increase in importance following restrictive legislation on smoking behaviors that occurred in the early and mid-1970s. These findings support the social push perspective and make important contributions to the social demography and genetic epidemiology of smoking as well as to the gene-environment interaction literatures.
Role of peripheral versus spinal 5‐HT7 receptors in the modulation of pain undersensitizing conditions
Authors: Brenchat A. , Zamanillo D. , Hamon M. , Romero L. , Vela J.M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractSeveral studies have suggested that 5‐HT7 receptors are involved in nociceptive processing but the exact contribution of peripheral versus central 5‐HT7 receptors still needs to be elucidated. In the present study, the respective roles of peripheral and spinal 5‐HT7 receptors in the modulation of mechanical hypersensitivity were investigated under two different experimental pain conditions. In a first set of experiments, the selective 5‐HT7 receptor agonist, E‐57431, was systemically, intrathecally or peripherally (intraplantarly) administered to rats sensitized by intraplantar injection of capsaicin. Oral administration of E‐57431 (1.25–10 mg/kg) was found to exert a clear‐cut dose‐dependent reduction of capsaicin‐induced mechanical hypersensitivity. Interestingly, intrathecal administration of E‐57431 (100 μg) also inhibited mechanical hypersensitivity secondary to capsaicin injection. In contrast, a dose‐dependent enhancement of capsaicin‐induced mechanical hypersensitivity was observed after local intraplantar injection of E‐57431 (0.01–1 μg). In a second set of experiments, E‐57431 was systemically or intrathecally administered to rats submitted to neuropathic pain (spared nerve injury model). Significant inhibition of nerve injury‐induced mechanical hypersensitivity was found after intraperitoneal (10 mg/kg) as well as intrathecal (100 μg) administration of E‐57431 in this chronic pain model. These studies provide evidence that, under sensitizing neurogenic/neuropathic conditions, activation of 5‐HT7 receptors exerts antinociceptive effects at the level of the spinal cord and pronociceptive effects at the periphery. The antinociceptive effect mediated by central 5‐HT7 receptors seems to predominate over the pronociceptive effect at the periphery when a selective 5‐HT7 receptor agonist is systemically administered.
Vitamin D status among adolescents in Europe: the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence study
Authors: González-Gross Marcela , Valtueña Jara , Breidenassel Christina , Moreno Luis A. , Ferrari Marika , Kersting Matilde , De Henauw Stefaan , Gottrand Frederic , Azzini Elena , Widhalm Kurt , Kafatos Anthony , Manios Yannis , Stehle Peter 
Published: August 2011

An adequate vitamin D status is essential during childhood and adolescence, for its important role in cell growth, skeletal structure and development. It also reduces the risk of conditions such as CVD, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, infections and autoimmune disease. As comparable data on the European level are lacking, assessment of vitamin D concentrations was included in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study. Fasting blood samples were obtained from a subsample of 1006 adolescents (470 males; 46·8 %) with an age range of 12·5–17·5 years, selected in the ten HELENA cities in the nine European countries participating in this cross-sectional study, and analysed for 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D) by ELISA using EDTA plasma. As specific reference values for adolescents are missing, percentile distribution were computed by age and sex. Median 25(OH)D levels for the whole population were 57·1 nmol/l (5th percentile 24·3 nmol/l, 95th percentile 99·05 nmol/l). Vitamin D status was classified into four groups according to international guidelines (sufficiency/optimal levels ≥ 75 nmol/l; insufficiency 50–75 nmol/l; deficiency 27·5–49·99 nmol/l and severe deficiency < 27·5 nmol/l). About 80 % of the sample had suboptimal levels (39 % had insufficient, 27 % deficient and 15 % severely deficient levels). Vitamin D concentrations increased with age (P < 0·01) and tended to decrease according to BMI. Geographical differences were also identified. Our study results indicate that vitamin D deficiency is a highly prevalent condition in European adolescents and should be a matter of concern for public health authorities.
Retracts of trees and free left adequate semigroups
Authors: Kambites Mark 
Published: August 2011

AbstractRecent research of the author has studied edge-labelled directed trees under a natural multiplication operation. The class of all such trees (with a fixed labelling alphabet) has an algebraic interpretation, as a free object in the class of adequate semigroups. We consider here a natural subclass of these trees, defined by placing a restriction on edge orientations, and show that the resulting algebraic structure is a free object in the class of left adequate semigroups. Through this correspondence we establish some structural and algorithmic properties of free left adequate semigroups and monoids, and consequently of the category of all left adequate semigroups.
On simultaneous rational approximation to ap-adic number and its integral powers
Authors: Bugeaud Yann , Budarina Natalia , Dickinson Detta , O'Donnell Hugh 
Published: August 2011

AbstractLetpbe a prime number. For a positive integernand ap-adic number ξ, let λn(ξ) denote the supremum of the real numbers λ such that there are arbitrarily large positive integersqsuch that ‖qξ‖p,‖qξ2‖p,…,‖qξn‖pare all less thanq−λ−1. Here, ‖x‖pdenotes the infimum of |x−n|pasnruns through the integers. We study the set of values taken by the function λn.
Activity profile and physical demands of male field hockey umpires in international matches
Authors: Sunderland Caroline , Taylor Emily , Pearce Emily , Spice Christopher 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the physical demands and activity profiles of international field hockey umpires during match‐play. We collected GPS data and heart rates from ten umpires over 16 international matches. Total mean distance covered in a full match was 6655±406 m. No differences were observed between mean distances covered in the first and second halves (3390±241 m and 3264±253 m respectively; P =0.093). Hockey umpires spent 2.7±1% of the total match time performing high‐intensity running (>15.5 km · h–1). Paired t‐tests revealed no difference in the distance umpires covered during high‐intensity running in the first versus the second half (339±168 m vs. 285±106 m; P=0.113), or in the number of sprints performed (3.4±2.3 vs. 2.8±2.1; P=0.290). There was large inter‐individual variability in the total distance covered at high intensity (range 274–999 m). No difference in mean heart rates was evident between the first and second half (150±9 and 147±10 beats · min–1 respectively; P =0.055). The results of this study show that the performance of the participating hockey umpires did not decrease from the first to the second half. Training and testing procedures should be updated to reflect the specific role of the hockey umpire.
Self‐reported asthma and respiratory symptoms among Italian amateur athletes
Authors: Tardivo Stefano , Zerman Tamara , Frizzera Sandra , Locatelli Francesca , Ferrari Pietro , Schenk Kai , Bonella Francesco , Tomaello Luca , Posenato Chiara , Meneghello Mara , Ferrari Marcello 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe prevalence and the factors influencing respiratory symptoms and asthma in recreational athletes are still poorly defined. The aim of the study is to estimate the prevalence of self‐reported asthma and respiratory symptoms in a sample of Italian amateur athletes compared with the general population. We also intend to estimate the association between asthma, the type of exercise and the environment where it was practised. The study population included athletes (A) practising sports in the city of Bozen (northern Italy) (n = 1022). A random sample from the general population (GP) (n = 2166) was used as the control group. All participants filled in a questionnaire including items regarding asthma, respiratory symptoms and type of sporting activities. Associations between exposure variables and outcomes, adjusted for potential confounding factors, were estimated using logistic regression. Our findings revealed that the prevalence of asthma (“Have you ever had asthma?”) was lower among A (4.0%) than in the GP (11.0%, P < 0.001). Similar figures were recorded for current asthma (asthma in the past plus an asthma attack or wheezing in the last 12 months and/or current use of medication for asthma) (A 3.0%, GP 4.8%, P = 0.044) and for respiratory symptoms (A 3.9%, GP 18.9%, P < 0.001). Comparisons within the sample of athletes, taking indoor sports as a reference category, revealed that performing outdoor sports in spring and summer was associated with a higher risk of asthma, the same however was not true for outdoor sports performed in winter (adjusted OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.1–7.5). Where OR = Odds Ratio and CI = Confidence Interval. The risk of developing symptoms after exercise was higher for outdoor sports practised in the mild or cold seasons (adjusted OR = 4.6, 95% CI = 1.0–21.3 and adjusted OR = 11.9, 95% CI = 2.5–56.1, respectively). Training for more than five hours a week was associated with a lower prevalence of asthma than training for less (adjusted OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.2–0.9). Finally, no relationship emerged between type of exercise, asthma and respiratory symptoms. The results of this study indicate that asthma is less common in amateur athletes than in the general population and that the risk of asthma and respiratory symptoms is associated more with outdoor than with indoor sports, but not with any particular type of exercise.
Thermal conductivity measurement of porous silicon by the pulsed-photothermal method
Authors: Amin-Chalhoub E , Semmar N , Coudron L , Gautier G , Boulmer-Leborgne C , Petit A , Gaillard M , Mathias J , Millon E 
Published: August 2011

Thermal properties of two types of porous silicon are studied using the pulsed-photothermal method (PPT). This method is based on a pulsed-laser source in the nanosecond regime. A 1D analytical model is coupled with the PPT technique in order to determine thermal properties of the studied samples (thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity).
At first, a bulk single crystal silicon sample and a titanium thin film deposited on a single crystal silicon substrate are studied in order to validate the PPT method. Porous silicon samples are elaborated with two different techniques, the sintering technique for macroporous silicon and the electrochemical etching method for mesoporous silicon. Metallic thin films are deposited on these two substrates by magnetron sputtering. Finally, the thermal properties of macroporous (30% of porosity and pores diameter between 100 and 1000 nm) and mesoporous silicon (30% and 15% of porosity and pores diameter between 5 and 10 nm) are determined in this work and it is found that thermal conductivity of macroporous (73 W m−1 K−1) and mesoporous (between 80 and 50 W m−1 K−1) silicon is two times lower than the single crystal silicon (140 W m−1 K−1).
The Hodge-𝒟-conjecture for 𝒦3 and Abelian surfaces
Authors: Chen Xi , Lewis James 
Published: August 2011

Let

X
X

be a projective algebraic manifold, and

CH

k

(
X
,
1
)

\text {CH}^{k}(X,1)

the higher Chow group, with corresponding real regulator

r

k
,
1

⊗

R

:

CH
k

(
X
,
1
)
⊗

R

→

H

D

2
k
−
1

(
X
,

R

(
k
)
)

\text {r}_{k,1}\otimes {{\mathbb R}}: \text {CH}^k(X, 1)\otimes {{\mathbb R}} \to H_{\mathcal D}^{2k-1}(X,{{\mathbb R}}(k))

. If

X
X

is a general K3 surface or Abelian surface, and

k
=
2

k=2

, we prove the Hodge-

D

{\mathcal D}

-conjecture, i.e. the surjectivity of

r

2
,
1

⊗

R

\text {r}_{2,1}\otimes {{\mathbb R}}

. Since the Hodge-

D

{\mathcal D}

-conjecture is not true for general surfaces in

P

3

\mathbb {P}^{3}

of degree

≥
5

\geq 5

, the results in this paper provide an effective bound for when this conjecture is true.
Multiplier ideals, 𝑉-filtration, and spectrum
Authors: Budur Nero , Saito Morihiko 
Published: August 2011

For an effective divisor on a smooth algebraic variety or a complex manifold, we show that the associated multiplier ideals coincide essentially with the filtration induced by the filtration

V
V

constructed by B. Malgrange and M. Kashiwara. This implies another proof of a theorem of L. Ein, R. Lazarsfeld, K.E. Smith, and D. Varolin that any jumping coefficient in the interval

(
0
,
1
]

(0,1]

is a root of the Bernstein-Sato polynomial up to sign. We also give a refinement (using mixed Hodge modules) of the formula for the coefficients of the spectrum for exponents not greater than one or greater than the dimension of the variety minus one.