bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can β2‐adrenoceptor agonists, anticholinergic drugs, and theophylline contribute to the control of pulmonary inflammation and emphysema in COPD?
Authors: Zhang Wen‐Hui , Zhang Yong , Cui Yong‐Yao , Rong Wei‐Fang , Cambier Carole , Devillier Philippe , Bureau Fabrice , Advenier Charles , Gustin Pascal 
Published: November 2011

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has become a global epidemic disease with an increased morbidity and mortality in the world. Inflammatory process progresses and contributes to irreversible airflow limitation. However, there is no available therapy to better control the inflammatory progression and therefore to reduce the exacerbations and mortality. Thus, the development of efficient anti‐inflammatory therapies is a priority for patients with COPD. β2‐Adrenoceptor agonists and anticholinergic agents are widely used as first line drugs in management of COPD because of their efficient bronchodilator properties. At present, many studies in vitro and some data obtained in laboratory animals reveal the potential anti‐inflammatory effects of these bronchodilators but their protective role against chronic inflammation and the development of emphysema in patients with COPD remains to be investigated. The anti‐inflammatory effects of theophylline at low doses have also been identified. Beneficial interactions between glucocorticoids and bronchodilators have been reported, and signaling pathways explaining these synergistic effects begin to be understood, especially for theophylline. Recent data demonstrating interactions between anticholinergics with β2‐adrenoceptor agonists aiming to better control the pulmonary inflammation and the development of emphysema in animal models of COPD justify the priority to investigate the interactive effects of a tritherapy associating corticoids with the two main categories of bronchodilators.
Lost Horizon: The Social History of the Cinema Audience
Authors: Bowles Kate 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCinema was one of the prominent public institutions of the 20th century, and despite experiencing a slight decline in the twenty‐first, it remains a significant feature of the global cultural landscape. At its heart is the proposition that getting together with strangers in darkened public venues to watch movies together makes some kind of sense. This is clearly both a spatial and a social practice, involving decisions based on considerations of place, timing and other people. Yet the history of this changing social experience has proved difficult to accommodate within the traditional practice of film history, that has been focused on the history of films. Instead, cinema has been bracketed with history for the purposes of demonstrating that popular films make bad history; or conversely that history films are ‘celluloid evidence’ of the vanished past, that will entertain and engage history students. This essay examines the reasons why a social cinema history has been slow to develop, and charts the recent emergence of a new mode of cinema history focused on the social and spatial dimension of film distribution, exhibition, and everyday practices of cinema attendance.
Adjunctive levetiracetam in children, adolescents, and adults with primary generalized seizures: Open‐label, noncomparative, multicenter, long‐term follow‐up study
Authors: Delanty Norman , Jones John , Tonner Françoise 
Published: November 2011

SummaryPurpose:  To evaluate the long‐term efficacy and tolerability of adjunctive levetiracetam (LEV) in patients with uncontrolled idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE).Methods:  This phase III, open‐label, long‐term, follow‐up study (N167; NCT00150748) enrolled patients (4 to <65 years) with primary generalized seizures (tonic–clonic, myoclonic, absence). Patients received adjunctive LEV at individualized doses (1,000–4,000 mg/day; 20–80 mg/kg/day for children/adolescents weighing <50 kg). Efficacy results are reported for all seizure types [intention‐to‐treat (ITT) population, N = 217] and subpopulations with tonic–clonic (n = 152), myoclonic (n = 121), and/or absence (n = 70) seizures at baseline.Key Findings:  One hundred twenty‐five (57.6%) of 217 patients were still receiving treatment at the end of the study. Mean (standard deviation, SD) LEV dose was 2,917.5 (562.9) mg/day. Median (Q1–Q3) exposure to LEV was 2.1 (1.5–2.8) years, and the maximum duration was 4.6 years. Most patients were taking one (124/217, 57.1%) or ≥2 (92/217, 42.4%) concomitant antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Seizure freedom of ≥6 months (all seizure types; primary efficacy end point) was achieved by 122 (56.2%) of 217 patients, and 49 (22.6%) of 217 patients had complete seizure freedom. Seizure freedom of ≥6 months from tonic–clonic, myoclonic, and absence seizures was achieved by 95 (62.5%) of 152, 75 (62.0%) of 121, and 44 (62.9%) of 70 patients, respectively. Mean (SD) maximum seizure freedom duration was 371.7 (352.4) days. At least one treatment‐emergent adverse event (TEAE) was reported by 165 (76%) of 217 patients; most TEAEs were mild/moderate in severity, with no indication of an increased incidence over time. Seventeen (7.8%) of 217 patients discontinued medication because of TEAEs. The most common psychiatric TEAEs were depression (16/217, 7.4%), insomnia (9/217, 4.1%), nervousness (8/217, 3.7%), and anxiety (7/217, 3.2%).Significance:  Adjunctive LEV (range 1,000–4,000 mg/day) demonstrated efficacy as a long‐term treatment for primary generalized seizures in children, adolescents, and adults with IGE, and was well tolerated.
Presentation of Two Cases of Immediate Restoration of Implants in the Esthetic Region, Using Facilitate Software and Guides with Stereolithographic Model Surgery Prior to Patient Surgery
Authors: Kamposiora Phophi , Papavasiliou George , Madianos Phoebous 
Published: November 2011

AbstractImprovements in both implant microsurfaces and placement techniques have reduced healing time and increased survival rates. CAD/CAM technology and improved ceramic materials allow for achievement of improved esthetics at the implant restoration level. Two clinical procedures have the capacity to decrease patient postoperative discomfort and improve esthetics. Flapless surgery reduces surgical trauma and postoperative problems. Placement of the final prosthetic abutment at the time of implant placement stabilizes soft tissue adhesion and position to the implant. Both results require careful presurgical planning with precise implant and abutment placement. This is a clinical report of two cases that are part of a larger ongoing clinical trial of 20 patients. The inclusion criterion was that patients should be missing a single tooth in the esthetic zone. Facilitate™ software was used in conjunction with dicom files transferred from CT scans for diagnosis. Stereolithographic models and surgical guides were fabricated from the digital information. Surgical guides were used preoperatively so implant replicas could be placed in stereolithographic models as simulated surgery. A ZirDesign™ ceramic abutment was adapted on the model, and a provisional crown was fabricated. At the time of actual implant surgery, the same surgical guide was used with a flapless approach. The previously modified ceramic abutment was screw‐retained and torqued to place into the implant. The provisional crown was then cemented after blocking out the screw access hole. A final restoration was fabricated from all‐ceramic material after several months. Success requires careful patient selection and attention to each step of the technique. Preliminary outcomes from the ongoing clinical trial are promising.
Spray: single‐donor plasma product for room temperature storage
Authors: Booth Garrett S. , Lozier Jay N. , Nghiem Khanh , Clibourn Douglas , Klein Harvey G. , Flegel Willy A. 
Published: November 2011

BACKGROUND: Spray‐drying techniques are commonly utilized in the pharmaceutical, dairy, and animal feed industries for processing liquids into powders but have not been applied to human blood products. Spray‐dried protein products are known to maintain stability during storage at room temperature.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Plasma units collected at the donor facility were shipped overnight at room temperature to a processing facility where single‐use spray drying occurred. After 48 hours' storage at room temperature, the spray‐dried plasma product was split in two and rehydrated with 1.5% glycine or deionized water and assayed for chemistry analytes and coagulation factors. Matched fresh‐frozen plasma was analyzed in parallel as controls.RESULTS: Reconstitution was achieved for both rehydration groups within 5 minutes (n = 6). There was no significant intergroup difference in recovery for total protein, albumin, immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgA, and IgM (96% or higher). With the exception of Factor VIII (58%), the recovery of clotting factors in the glycine reconstituted products ranged from 72% to 93%. Glycine reconstitution was superior to deionized water.CONCLUSION: We documented proteins and coagulation activities were recovered in physiologic quantities in reconstituted spray‐dried plasma products. Further optimization of the spray‐drying method and reconstitution fluid may result in even better recoveries. Spray drying is a promising technique for preparing human plasma that can be easily stored at room temperature, shipped, and reconstituted. Rapid reconstitution of the microparticles results in a novel plasma product from single donors.
Repetitive transplantation of different cell types sequentially improves heart function after infarction
Authors: Alexander Schuh , Sasse Alexander , Konschalla Simone , Kroh Andreas , Merx Marc W. , Weber Christian , Liehn Elisa A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCell‐based therapy is considered a novel and potentially new strategy in regenerative medicine. But the efficacy of cell‐based therapy has been limited by the poor survival of the transplanted cells in an ischaemic environment. The goal of the present study is to present a possibility to increase survival of the transplanted cardiomyocytes, by increasing the vascularization of the infarcted area. First, we injected endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to augment the vascular density in infarcted areas and to improve the benefit of a subsequent Tx of foetal cardiomyocytes. Serial echocardiography indeed showed significant improvement of the left ventricular function after application of EPC and a significant additive improvement after Tx of foetal cardiomyocytes. In contrast, repetitive EPC transplantation as a control group did not show an additional improvement after the second transplantation. Histologically, cells could be readily detected after Tx by BrdU‐staining for EPC and by carboxy‐fluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE)‐staining for foetal cardiomyocytes. Staining for CD31 revealed a significant increase in vessel density in the infarction area compared with medium controls, possibly contributing to the benefit of transplanted foetal cardiomyocytes. Notably, a significant increase in the number of apoptotic cells was observed in cell‐transplanted hearts accompanied by an increase in proliferation, collagen content and neutrophil infiltration, suggesting an active remodelling concomitant with sustained inflammatory processes. In conclusion, repetitive Tx of different cell types after myocardial infarction in rat hearts significantly improved left ventricular function and could represent a feasible option to enhance the benefit of cell therapy.
Involvement of COX‐2/PGE2 signalling in hypoxia‐induced angiogenic response in endothelial cells
Authors: Zhao Lixing , Wu Yeke , Xu Zhenrui , Wang Hui , Zhao Zhihe , Li Yu , Yang Pu , Wei Xing 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTo evaluate the impact of hypoxia on the angiogenic capability of endothelial cells (ECs), and further investigate whether the cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signalling is involved in the angiogenic response of ECs to hypoxia. We explored the impact of various periods (1, 3, 6, 12, 24 hrs) of hypoxia (2% O2) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. We observed cell viability, migration, tube formation, analysed COX‐2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), AQP1 mRNA transcription, protein expression and measured PGE2, VEGF protein concentration in cell supernatants. Then we treated HUVECs with COX‐2 selective inhibitor NS398, EP1/2 combined antagonist AH6809 and exogenous PGE2 to investigate the role of COX‐2/PGE2 signalling in the angiogenic response of ECs to hypoxia. The results demonstrated that short‐term hypoxic treatment enhanced HUVECs proliferation, migration, tube formation, significantly up‐regulated COX‐2, VEGF, AQP1 mRNA level, protein expression and promoted PGE2, VEGF release. The pharmacological inhibition study revealed that exposure of HUVEC to NS398 and AH6809 under hypoxia impaired the biological responses of ECs to hypoxia. Exogenous PGE2 augments the effects of hypoxia on HUVECs, and partially reversed the inhibitory effects of NS398 on HUVECs proliferation and angiogenic capability. Short‐term hypoxic treatment enhanced angiogenic capability of ECs, and COX‐2/PGE2 signalling may play a critical role in the biological response of ECs to hypoxia.
Effect of mismatching abutments on implants with wider platforms – an experimental study in dogs
Authors: Baffone Gabriele M. , Botticelli Daniele , Canullo Luigi , Scala Alessandro , Beolchini Marco , Lang Niklaus P. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of mismatching abutments on implants with a wider platform on the peri‐implant hard tissue remodeling and the soft tissue dimensions.Material and methodsMandibular premolars and first molars of six Labrador dogs were extracted bilaterally. After 3 months of healing, one tapered implant was installed on each side of the mandibular molar region with the implant shoulder placed at the level of the buccal alveolar bony crest. On the right side of the mandible, an abutment of reduced diameter in relation to the platform of the implant was used, creating a mismatch of 0.85 mm (test), whereas an abutment of the same diameter of the implant platform was affixed in the left side of the mandible (control). The flaps were sutured to allow a non‐submerged healing. After 4 months, the animals were sacrificed and ground sections were obtained for histometric assessment.ResultsAll implants were completely osseo‐integrated. Bone levels were superior at the test than at the control sites. However, statistically significant differences were found only at the buccal and proximal aspects. The soft tissue vertical dimension was higher at the control compared with the test sites. However, statistically significant differences were demonstrated only at the buccal aspects.ConclusionsA mismatch of 0.85 mm between the implant and the abutment yielded more coronal levels of bone‐to‐implant contact and a reduced height of the peri‐implant soft tissue (biologic width), especially at the buccal aspect, if the implant shoulder was placed flush with the level of the buccal alveolar bony crest.
At the Critical Stage: A Report on the State of Murakami Haruki Studies
Authors: Strecher Matthew 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSince the start of his career over 30 years ago, Murakami Haruki (b. 1949) has been a controversial figure in the world of Japanese literature. Writing in an undecorated plainstyle that gives little in the way of cultural specificity, and on themes that could apply to persons from almost any land, Murakami’s work is deemed mukokuseki – without nationality – by critics. Many in and out of Japan expect that Murakami will be awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in the near future. If this happens, he will join Kawabata Yasunari and Ōe Kenzaburō as the third Nobel laureate in literature from Japan. For all this, the global nature of his writing and his popularity ensures that he will remain a controversial figure. This essay looks at some of the more prominent themes and discussions that have taken place about Murakami in the past thirty years, with special emphasis placed on recent critical work.
Characterization of the Tomato Prosystemin Promoter: Organ‐specific Expression, Hormone Specificity and Methyl Jasmonate Responsiveness by Deletion Analysis in Transgenic Tobacco PlantsF
Authors: Avilés‐Arnaut Hamlet , Délano‐Frier John Paul 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTomato systemin is a bioactive peptide that regulates the systemic activation of wound‐responsive genes. It is released from its 200 amino acid precursor called prosystemin. Initial tissue‐localization and hormone‐induced expression assays indicated that the tomato prosystemin gene (SlPS) accumulates mainly in floral tissues and in response to exogenous abscisic acid and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatments, respectively. Later, the promoter regions of the PS gene in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Castlemart), pepper (Capsicum annuum) and potato (Solanum tuberosum) were isolated and an in silico analysis of the SlPS promoter revealed an over‐representation of stress‐ and MeJA‐responsive motifs. A subsequent 5′ deletion analysis of the SlPS promoter fused to the β‐glucuronidase reporter (GUS) gene showed that the –221 to +40 bp proximal SlPS promoter region was sufficient to direct the stigma, vascular bundle‐specific and MeJA‐responsive expression of GUS in transgenic tobacco plants. Important vascular‐tissue‐specific, light‐ and MeJA‐responsive cis‐elements were also present in this region. These findings provide relevant information regarding the transcriptional regulation mechanisms of the SlPS promoter operating in transgenic tobacco plants. They also suggest that its tissue‐specificity and inducible nature could have wide applicability in plant biotechnology.
Endurance exercise modifies the circadian clock in zebrafish (Danio rerio) temperature independently
Authors: Egg M. , Tischler A. , Schwerte T. , Sandbichler A. , Folterbauer C. , Pelster B. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAim:  Several rodent and human studies revealed that physical exercise acts as a non‐photic zeitgeber for the circadian clock. The intrinsic entraining mechanism is still unknown, although it was assumed that the exercise‐mediated increase in core temperature could be the underlying zeitgeber. As the homoeostatic control of mammalian core temperature interferes strongly with the investigation of this hypothesis, the present study used the poikilotherm zebrafish to answer this question.Methods:  Gene transcription levels of the two circadian core clock genes period1 and clock1 were quantified using real‐time qPCR of whole animal zebrafish larvae.Results:  Long‐term endurance exercise of zebrafish larvae aged 9–15 days post‐fertilization (dpf) or 21–32 dpf at a constant water temperature of 25 °C caused significantly altered transcription levels of the circadian genes period1 and clock1. Cosinor analysis of diurnal transcription profiles obtained after 3 days of swim training revealed significant differences regarding acrophase, mesor and amplitude of period1, resulting in a phase delay of the gene oscillation. After termination of the exercise bout, at 15 dpf, oscillation amplitudes of both circadian genes were significantly reduced.Conclusion:  The results showed that physical exercise is able to affect the transcription of circadian genes in developing zebrafish larvae. Considering the poikilothermy of zebrafish, an exercise‐mediated change in body core temperature could be excluded as the underlying intrinsic zeitgeber. However, the day‐active zebrafish arises as a useful model to address the synchronizing effect of exercise on the circadian clock.
Pain, Gender, and Systems of Belief and Practice
Authors: Juschka Darlene 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn the Eurowest pain is discursively framed as something that eludes discourse and therefore is outside language. In this framing, pain, as outside language, is given a social and a historical status understood to be beyond human construction. This article is the first step in a larger project toward destablizing such a conceptualization of pain and begins by engaging feminist theorizing of body and pain. In this paper my effort is to trouble the way we think about the body and pain in the Eurowest and to examine some of the outcomes of such thinking. Thereafter, I propose a conceptualization of the body and pain that might be helpful for examining their discursive formation.
Comprehension of Linguistic Dependencies: Speed‐Accuracy Tradeoff Evidence for Direct‐Access Retrieval From Memory
Authors: Foraker Stephani , McElree Brian 
Published: November 2011

AbstractComprehenders can rapidly and efficiently interpret expressions with various types of non‐adjacent dependencies. In the sentence The boy that the teacher warned fell, boy is readily interpreted as the subject of the verb fall despite the fact that a relative clause, that the teacher warned, intervenes between the two dependent elements. We review research investigating three memory operations proposed for resolving this and other types of non‐adjacent dependencies: serial search retrieval, in which the dependent constituent is recovered by a search process through representations in memory, direct‐access retrieval in which the dependent constituent is recovered directly by retrieval cue operations without search, and active maintenance of the dependent constituent in focal attention. Studies using speed‐accuracy tradeoff methodology to examine the full timecourse of interpreting a wide range of non‐adjacent dependencies indicate that comprehenders retrieve dependent constituents with a direct‐access operation, consistent with the claim that representations formed during comprehension are accessed with a cue‐driven, content‐addressable retrieval process. The observed timecourse profiles are inconsistent with a broad class of models based on several search operations for retrieval. The profiles are also inconsistent with active maintenance of a constituent while concurrently processing subsequent material, and suggest that, with few exceptions, direct‐access retrieval is required to process non‐adjacent dependencies.
Polycationic Chitosan‐Conjugated Photosensitizer for Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy†
Authors: Shrestha Annie , Kishen Anil 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe complex nature of bacterial cell membrane and structure of biofilm has challenged the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. This study was aimed to synthesize a polycationic chitosan‐conjugated rose bengal (CSRB) photosensitizer and test its antibiofilm efficacy on Enterococcus faecalis (gram positive) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (gram negative) using photodynamic therapy. During experiments, CSRB was tested along with an anionic photosensitizer rose bengal (RB) and a cationic photosensitizer methylene blue (MB) for uptake and killing efficacy on 7‐day‐old E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa biofilms. Microbiological culture based analysis was used to analyze the cell viability, while laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) was used to examine the structure of biofilm. The synthesized CSRB showed absorbance spectrum similar to the RB. The concentration of CSRB uptaken by both the bacterial biofilms was significantly higher than that of RB and MB (P < 0.05). Photoactivation resulted in significantly higher elimination of both bacterial biofilms sensitized with CSRB than RB and MB. The structure of biofilm under LSCM was found to be disrupted following CSRB treatment. The present study highlighted the importance of inherent cell membrane permeabilizing effect of chitosan and increased cell/biofilm uptake of conjugated photosensitizer to produce significant antibiofilm efficacy during photodynamic therapy.