bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turkish nurses’ perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care
Authors: Ozbasaran Ferda , Ergul Safak , Temel Ayla Bayik , Gurol Aslan Gulsah , Coban Ayden 
Published: July 2011

Aim. To explore Turkish nurses’ perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care and to investigate the relationship between their perceptions and their demographic/independent variables.Background. Nurses’ perception of spirituality can directly affect how they behave, deal with their patients and communicate with them in regard to the provision of spiritual care.Design. Survey.Methods. This study employed a convenience sample of 348 staff nurses from the public hospitals in the west of Turkey. The data were collected with two tools; a ‘sociodemographic data form’ and the ‘Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale’ (SSCRS). The response rate was 92% (n = 319).Results. The mean age of the nurses was 31·70 (SD 6·34) years and 22·9% of them had a Bachelor’s degree. Among the nurses, 54·98% had ≥ 11 years of clinical experience. The mean score for the SSCRS was 3·21 (SD 0·63) which indicated that nurses’ perceptions concerning spirituality and spiritual care were ‘uncertain’ or ‘less clearly’ defined. Significant differences were found between nurses’ perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care and their ages (p < 0·05), marital status (p < 0·05) and education levels (p < 0·01).Conclusion. The research findings suggest that Turkish nurses’ perceptions were indecisive and inconclusive. Nurses’ educational level, belief in the evil eye and department of employment appeared to have a positive impact on their perception of spirituality and spiritual care.Relevance to clinical practice. These findings will enable nurses to consider the importance of spirituality and spiritual care. Grasping these concepts will enable nurses to become more sensitive in their daily practices of spiritual care.
Pay‐for‐virtue: an option to improve pay‐for‐performance?
Authors: Buetow Stephen , Entwistle Vikki 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPay‐for‐performance schemes reward standardized professional behaviours associated with effective care. However, they neglect the significance of virtue and devalue and erode professional motivation based on virtue. Pay for training to cultivate virtue, and/or pay‐for‐virtue, may mitigate these dangers. Although virtue is typically considered its own reward, and the assessment of virtue is problematic, pay‐for‐virtue could involve (1) stringent checks on the appropriateness of the standardized care currently rewarded by pay‐for‐performance for individual patients or (2) pay for indicators of virtue. These indicators could be based on virtues identified from a framework of universal virtues and through logical inferences from features of practice. It is possible that pay‐for‐virtue could ultimately strengthen health professionals' intrinsic motivation for good practice, but this and the broader effects of pay‐for‐virtue would need careful investigation.
Comparison of five techniques of skin prick tests used routinely in Europe
Authors: Masse M. S. , Granger Vallée A. , Chiriac A. , Dhivert‐Donnadieu H. , Bousquet‐Rouanet L. , Bousquet P.‐J. , Demoly P. 
Published: July 2011

To cite this article: Masse MS, Granger Vallée A, Chiriac A, Dhivert‐Donnadieu H, Bousquet‐Rouanet L, Bousquet P‐J, Demoly P. Comparison of five techniques of skin prick tests used routinely in Europe. Allergy 2011; 66: 1415–1419.AbstractBackground:  Skin prick tests represent indispensable tools in allergy, even more than 30 years after their introduction in clinical practice.Objectives:  Few recent European studies have focused on this topic and we thus wanted to compare the instruments most often used today.Methods:  Four instruments were investigated: the 23G intravenous (IV) needle, the ALK Lancet, the Stallergenes (STG) Prick Lancet and the Stallerpoint® (using two different methods). Sensitivity, reproducibility, and acceptability were evaluated. In 22 subjects, we calculated the sensitivity and reproducibility (both intra‐ and interpatient) of these methods by testing the positive control five times. In 50 subjects, we tested the single‐blind acceptability of these same five techniques.Results:  In terms of sensitivity, the IV needle (100%) and metal lancets (96% for the ALK Lancet and 98% for the STG Prick Lancet) were superior (P < 0.01) to the two Stallerpoint® methods (20% and 57%). Intrapatient reproducibility was 16.2%, 14.6%, 15.0%, 97.1% and 18.1%, respectively. The instruments that were best tolerated by the patients were the IV needle and the two metal lancets.Conclusion: Metal needles and/or lancets are the tools of choice for skin prick testing.
Corpus callosum abnormalities, intellectual disability, speech impairment, and autism in patients with haploinsufficiency of ARID1B
Authors: Halgren C , Kjaergaard S , Bak M , Hansen C , El‐Schich Z , Anderson CM , Henriksen KF , Hjalgrim H , Kirchhoff M , Bijlsma EK , Nielsen M , den Hollander NS , Ruivenkamp CAL , Isidor B , Le Caignec C , Zannolli R , Mucciolo M , Renieri A , Mari F , Anderlid B‐M , Andrieux J , Dieux A , Tommerup N , Bache I 
Published: July 2011

Halgren C, Kjaergaard S, Bak M, Hansen C, El‐Schich Z, Anderson CM, Henriksen KF, Hjalgrim H, Kirchhoff M, Bijlsma EK, Nielsen M, den Hollander NS, Ruivenkamp CAL, Isidor B, Le Caignec C, Zannolli R, Mucciolo M, Renieri A, Mari F, Anderlid B‐M, Andrieux J, Dieux A, Tommerup N, Bache I. Corpus callosum abnormalities, intellectual disability, speech impairment, and autism in patients with haploinsufficiency of ARID1B.Corpus callosum abnormalities are common brain malformations with a wide clinical spectrum ranging from severe intellectual disability to normal cognitive function. The etiology is expected to be genetic in as much as 30–50% of the cases, but the underlying genetic cause remains unknown in the majority of cases. By next‐generation mate‐pair sequencing we mapped the chromosomal breakpoints of a patient with a de novo balanced translocation, t(1;6)(p31;q25), agenesis of corpus callosum (CC), intellectual disability, severe speech impairment, and autism. The chromosome 6 breakpoint truncated ARID1B which was also truncated in a recently published translocation patient with a similar phenotype. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q‐PCR) data showed that a primer set proximal to the translocation showed increased expression of ARID1B, whereas primer sets spanning or distal to the translocation showed decreased expression in the patient relative to a non‐related control set. Phenotype–genotype comparison of the translocation patient to seven unpublished patients with various sized deletions encompassing ARID1B confirms that haploinsufficiency of ARID1B is associated with CC abnormalities, intellectual disability, severe speech impairment, and autism. Our findings emphasize that ARID1B is important in human brain development and function in general, and in the development of CC and in speech development in particular.
Favorable outcome of primary liver transplantation in children with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Romano Fabrizio , Stroppa Paola , Bravi Michela , Casotti Valeria , Lucianetti Alessandro , Guizzetti Michela , Sonzogni Aurelio , Colledan Michele , D’Antiga Lorenzo 
Published: July 2011

Romano F, Stroppa P, Bravi M, Casotti V, Lucianetti A, Guizzetti M, Sonzogni A, Colledan M, D’Antiga L. Favorable outcome of primary liver transplantation in children with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15: 573–579. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  The outcome of HCC after transplantation (OLT) in children is not well known. Unfavorable features based on adult reports may lead to contraindicate OLT even in children. We reviewed a cohort of children with cirrhosis and HCC to evaluate their outcome after primary transplantation. We considered children with cirrhosis and HCC who had a primary OLT. We retrospectively recorded demographic, medical and surgical features, and MC as predictors of outcome. Among 456 children transplanted in the last 15 yr, 10 (2%), median age at diagnosis 1.8 yr (range 0.5–7.2), had HCC in biliary atresia (3), BSEP deficiency (3), tyrosinemia type 1 (2), complications of choledocal cyst and glycogen storage disease type IV (1 each). At HCC discovery, median AFP was 2322 ng/mL (3–35 000), high or rising in 9/10 patients. Six patients were outside the MC. Median time on the waiting list was 38 days (1–152). Two patients died from early complications of OLT. In the other eight patients, there was no tumor recurrence after a median follow‐up of four yr. Children with cirrhosis may develop HCC at a very young age. The outcome appears excellent even outside MC. Primary liver transplantation is advisable for children with cirrhosis, HCC, and no extrahepatic disease.
Domestic cats convert [2H8]‐β‐carotene to [2H4]‐retinol following a single oral dose
Authors: Green A. S. , Tang G. , Lango J. , Klasing K. C. , Fascetti A. J. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryMany animals convert β‐carotene to retinol to meet their vitamin A (VA) requirement. However, this pathway is inefficient in many carnivores. This study quantified the plasma response to a single oral dose of [2H8]‐β‐carotene in adult domestic cats, including measurement of [2H4]‐retinol derived from the dose. Cats were fed with either a control diet containing adequate VA (n = 5) or a VA‐devoid diet (n = 5) for 28 days. An oral dose of either 5 mg/kg body weight (BW) (n = 4) or 10 mg/kg BW (n = 6) of [2H8]‐β‐carotene was administered on day 28. Plasma samples were collected prior to dosing and at 6, 12, 24, 32, 48, 72, 120, 168 and 216 h post‐dose. Plasma retinoids and β‐carotene were measured using HPLC and [2H4]‐retinol by GC‐ECNCI‐MS (gas chromatography/electron capture negative chemical ionization/mass spectrometry). β‐carotene was undetectable in plasma prior to dosing. Post‐dose, mean peak plasma β‐carotene was 0.37 ± 0.06 nmol/ml at 9.0 ± 1.8 h following the dose, while [2H4]‐retinol peaked at 3.71 ± 0.69 pmol/ml at 55.2 ± 16.3 h. The ratio per cent of total area under the curve for [2H4]‐retinol compared with the β‐carotene response was 4.6 ± 2.6%. There was little effect of diet or dose on the β‐carotene or [2H4]‐retinol responses. The appearance of [2H4]‐retinol in plasma indicates that cats are capable of converting β‐carotene to active VA. Conversion efficiency was not calculated in this study, but it is likely inadequate to meet cats’ VA requirement without the inclusion of preformed VA in the diet.
Positive Intelligence Illusions: On the Relation Between Intellectual Self‐Enhancement and Psychological Adjustment
Authors: Dufner Michael , Denissen Jaap J. A. , van Zalk Maarten , Matthes Benjamin , Meeus Wim H. J. , van Aken Marcel A. G. , Sedikides Constantine 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe relation between self‐enhancement and psychological adjustment has been debated for over 2 decades. This controversy is partly due to the variety of approaches implicated in the assessment of mainly self‐enhancement but also psychological adjustment. We adopted a face‐valid approach by statistically removing actual intellectual ability variance from self‐rated intellectual ability variance. Study 1 (N = 2,048), a concurrent Internet investigation, provided initial insight into the relation between intellectual self‐enhancement and psychological adjustment. Study 2 (N = 238), a longitudinal round‐robin investigation, allowed a closer examination of the dynamic processes underlying this relation. Self‐enhancement was positively linked to multiple indicators of intrapersonal and interpersonal adjustment, and predicted rank‐order increases in adjustment over time. The links between intellectual self‐enhancement and intrapersonal adjustment were mediated by self‐esteem. Finally, the interpersonal costs and benefits of self‐enhancement systematically varied depending on methodology.
Passion for a Cause, Passion for a Creed: On Ideological Passion, Identity Threat, and Extremism
Authors: Rip Blanka , Vallerand Robert J. , Lafrenière Marc‐André K. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPassion energizes and directs both peaceful and violent ideologically inspired movements. The type of ideological passion that underlies people's political or religious commitment was proposed to moderate the effect of social identity–threatening circumstances on their choice of activist tactics. Ideological passion was defined as a strong inclination toward a loved, valued, and self‐defining cause, ideology, or group in which people invest considerable time and energy. Harmonious ideological passion was expected to promote peaceful activism and nonviolence partly because it is anchored in a strong and secure sense of identity—one that facilitates nondefensiveness in identity‐threatening circumstances. Obsessive ideological passion, in contrast, was expected to engender hatred and aggressive extremism in identity‐threatening circumstances partly because it is anchored in a strong, but insecure, sense of identity. Results from 2 studies, conducted with nationalist activists (N = 114) and devout Muslims (N = 111), supported these hypotheses. Implications for the motivation/passion and intergroup literatures are discussed.
A Narrower Scope or a Clearer Lens for Personality? Examining Sources of Observers’ Advantages Over Self‐Reports for Predicting Performance
Authors: Connelly Brian S. , Hülsheger Ute R. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractEmerging studies have shown that observers’ ratings of personality predict performance behaviors better than do self‐ratings. However, it is unclear whether these predictive advantages stem from (a) use of observers who have a frame of reference more closely aligned with the criterion (“narrower scope”) or (b) observers having greater accuracy than targets themselves (“clearer lens”). In a primary study of 291 raters of 97 targets, we found predictive advantages even when observers were personal acquaintances who knew targets only outside of the work context. Integrating these findings with previous meta‐analyses showed that colleagues’ unique perspectives did not predict incrementally beyond commonly held trait perceptions across all raters (except for Openness) and that self‐raters who overestimate their Agreeableness and Conscientiousness perform worse on the job. Broadly, our results suggest that observers have clearer lenses for viewing targets’ personality traits, and we discuss the theoretical implications of these findings for studying and measuring personality.
Is Low Anxiety Part of the Psychopathy Construct?
Authors: Visser Beth A. , Ashton Michael C. , Pozzebon Julie A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractLow anxiety has traditionally been considered a feature of psychopathy, but there has been mixed research support for this conceptualization. We investigated the PPI‐R‐SF Stress Immunity subscale (a measure of low anxiety) in relation to 2 widely used self‐report psychopathy scales in a sample of 346 undergraduate students. Results indicated that PPI‐R‐SF Stress Immunity was nearly unrelated to other indicators of psychopathy, showing a near‐zero loading on the common psychopathy factor defined jointly by the scales of the PPI‐R‐SF and SRP‐III. Stress Immunity also showed a pattern of personality and temperament correlates much different from those of other psychopathy subscales. Finally, Stress Immunity had a slight negative correlation with self‐reports of diverse antisocial acts. These results suggest that despite its historical importance in the conceptualization of psychopathy, low anxiety is likely not a core feature of psychopathy.
ONTOLOGY OR PHENOMENOLOGY? HOW THE LVAD CHALLENGES THE EUTHANASIA DEBATE
Authors: KRAEMER FELICITAS 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTThis article deals with the euthanasia debate in light of new life‐sustaining technologies such as the left ventricular assist device (LVAD). The question arises: does the switching off of a LVAD by a doctor upon the request of a patient amount to active or passive euthanasia, i.e. to ‘killing’ or to ‘letting die’? The answer hinges on whether the device is to be regarded as a proper part of the patient's body or as something external. We usually regard the switching off of an internal device as killing, whereas the deactivation of an external device is seen as ‘letting die’. The case is notoriously difficult to decide for hybrid devices such as LVADs, which are partly inside and partly outside the patient's body. Additionally, on a methodological level, I will argue that the ‘ontological’ arguments from analogy given for both sides are problematic. Given the impasse facing the ontological arguments, complementary phenomenological arguments deserve closer inspection. In particular, we should consider whether phenomenologically the LVAD is perceived as a body part or as an external device. I will support the thesis that the deactivation of a LVAD is to be regarded as passive euthanasia if the device is not perceived by the patient as a part of the body proper.
REFOCUSING THE RESPONSIVENESS REQUIREMENT
Authors: SHAH SEEMA , WOLITZ REBECCA , EMANUEL EZEKIEL 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTMany guidelines for international research require that studies be responsive to host community health needs or health priorities. Although responsiveness possesses great intuitive and rhetorical appeal, existing conceptions are confusing and difficult to apply. Not only are there few examples of what research the responsiveness requirement permits and what it rejects, but its application can lead to contradictory results. Because of the practical difficulties in applying responsiveness and the danger that misapplying responsiveness could harm the interests of developing countries, we argue that responsiveness should be refocused in three ways: in terms of (1) who enforces it, (2) under what standard, and (3) in what cases. We conclude that responsiveness should be applied by host country officials at the policy level with the exercise of judgment when externally funded research threatens to displace scarce local resources.
CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTIONS IN PHARMACY PRACTICE IN GREAT BRITAIN
Authors: DEANS ZUZANA 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTPharmacists who refuse to provide certain services or treatment for reasons of conscience have been criticized for failing to fulfil their professional obligations. Currently, individual pharmacists in Great Britain can withhold services or treatment for moral or religious reasons, provided they refer the patient to an alternative source. The most high‐profile cases have concerned the refusal to supply emergency hormonal contraception, which will serve as an example in this article.I propose that the pharmacy profession's policy on conscientious objections should be altered slightly. Building on the work of Brock and Wicclair, I argue that conscientious refusals should be acceptable provided that the patient is informed of the service, the patient is redirected to an alternative source, the refusal does not cause an unreasonable burden to the patient, and the reasons for the refusal are based on the core values of the profession. Finally, I argue that a principled categorical refusal by an individual pharmacist is not morally permissible. I claim that, contrary to current practice, a pharmacist cannot legitimately claim universal exemption from providing a standard service, even if that service is available elsewhere.
Do the filarial lymphoedema patients’‘3 months recall’ on acute dermato‐lymphangio‐adenitis (ADLA) correlate with streptococcal serology?
Authors: De Britto L.J. , Das L.K. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAim  The aim of this study was to know the correlation of patients’ 3 months recall on acute dermato‐lymphangio‐adenitis (ADLA) with anti‐streptolysin O (ASO) serology and its application as a tool to know the burden of ADLA in the community.Methods  Fifty‐nine lymphoedema (LE) patients and 27 age matched controls were clinically assessed for LE and the occurrence of ADLA during the previous 3 months was obtained by recall. After obtaining the informed consent, 2 mL of venous blood sample was collected and ASO was quantified in Olympus AU400 auto‐analyzer.Results  When the results were computed as two groups, controls and LE patients with no reported ADLA and LE patients with reported ADLA (by 3 months recall), the ASO positivity and ASO titre was significantly higher in the later group (P < 0.05). When the results were computed as three groups, controls with no reported ADLA, LE patients with no reported ADLA and LE patients with reported ADLA, the ASO titre was significantly higher in LE patients reported ADLA (P < 0.05).Conclusion  As ASO was measured in post‐infection phase, we relied on the ASO titre for making conclusion. Patients’ 3 months recall on ADLA correlates with the ASO titre and therefore, it could be considered as a tool to measure the burden of ADLA in the community. Multicentre community‐based studies are needed to ascertain the findings.
Pharmacological rationale for the treatment of chronic urticaria with second‐generation non‐sedating antihistamines at higher‐than‐standard doses
Authors: Zuberbier T. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractChronic urticaria (CU) is a long‐lasting and distressing condition that impairs patient quality of life (QoL) by disrupting sleep and diminishing work/school productivity. Thus treatment should not only be safe and effective but also not add to this impairment or increase risks to health or safety. Non‐sedating second‐generation antihistamines, with their long duration of action, pharmacodynamic properties that allow once‐daily dosing and lack of drug–drug interactions and sedative effects, are the first‐line symptomatic treatment option, but some patients have no adequate response to standard doses of these medications. Other therapeutic approaches to refractory urticaria have been suggested but have been limited by sparse clinical data and/or significant adverse effect profiles. Although discouraged by treatment guidelines, sedating antihistamines are frequently prescribed for nighttime use when urticaria symptoms are severe as add‐on therapy to a non‐sedating antihistamine. However, their pronounced effects on rapid eye movement sleep and hangover negatively impact QoL, learning and performance, and limit their use for patients in occupations that require alertness. For patients who do not respond adequately to standard doses of non‐sedating second‐generation antihistamines, increasing the dose of non‐sedating antihistamines thus may represent the safest therapeutic approach. Given the fact that only few controlled studies have assessed the efficacy and safety of high‐dose non‐sedating antihistamines in CU, patient safety should be a key consideration when choosing a specific antihistamine.