bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protistan microbial observatory in the Cariaco Basin, Caribbean. II. Habitat specialization
Authors: Orsi William , Edgcomb Virginia , Jeon Sunok , Leslin Chesley , Bunge John , Taylor Gordon T , Varela Ramon , Epstein Slava 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
This is the second paper in a series of three that investigates eukaryotic microbial diversity and taxon distribution in the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela, the ocean's largest anoxic marine basin. Here, we use phylogenetic information, multivariate community analyses and statistical richness predictions to test whether protists exhibit habitat specialization within defined geochemical layers of the water column. We also analyze spatio-temporal distributions of protists across two seasons and two geographic sites within the basin. Non-metric multidimensional scaling indicates that these two basin sites are inhabited by distinct protistan assemblages, an observation that is supported by the minimal overlap in observed and predicted richness of sampled sites. A comparison of parametric richness estimations indicates that protistan communities in closely spaced—but geochemically different—habitats are very dissimilar, and may share as few as 5% of total operational taxonomic units (OTUs). This is supported by a canonical correspondence analysis, indicating that the empirically observed OTUs are organized along opposing gradients in oxidants and reductants. Our phylogenetic analyses identify many new clades at species to class levels, some of which appear restricted to specific layers of the water column and have a significantly nonrandom distribution. These findings suggest many pelagic protists are restricted to specific habitats, and likely diversify, at least in part due to separation by geochemical barriers.
Cell-ECM traction force modulates endogenous tension at cell–cell contacts
Authors: Maruthamuthu Venkat , Sabass Benedikt , Schwarz Ulrich S. , Gardel Margaret L. 
Published: March 2011

Cells in tissues are mechanically coupled both to the ECM and neighboring cells, but the coordination and interdependency of forces sustained at cell-ECM and cell–cell adhesions are unknown. In this paper, we demonstrate that the endogenous force sustained at the cell–cell contact between a pair of epithelial cells is approximately 100 nN, directed perpendicular to the cell–cell interface and concentrated at the contact edges. This force is stably maintained over time despite significant fluctuations in cell–cell contact length and cell morphology. A direct relationship between the total cellular traction force on the ECM and the endogenous cell–cell force exists, indicating that the cell–cell tension is a constant fraction of the cell-ECM traction. Thus, modulation of ECM properties that impact cell-ECM traction alters cell–cell tension. Finally, we show in a minimal model of a tissue that all cells experience similar forces from the surrounding microenvironment, despite differences in the extent of cell-ECM and cell–cell adhesion. This interdependence of cell–cell and cell-ECM forces has significant implications for the maintenance of the mechanical integrity of tissues, mechanotransduction, and tumor mechanobiology.
A simple fabrication method of randomly oriented polycrystalline zinc oxide nanowires and their application to gas sensing
Authors: Hung Nguyen Le , Kim Hyojin , Hong Soon-Ku , Kim Dojin 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Randomly oriented polycrystalline ZnO nanowires with a mean diameter of 100–150 nm have been successfully synthesized on SiO
2/Si substrates through the thermal oxidation of sputtered Zn nanowires in dry air at 400 °C. Structural characterization by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that each ZnO nanowire consisted of a chain of ZnO nanocrystallites. From gas sensing measurements for CO, H
2 and NO gases, the polycrystalline ZnO nanowires showed a highly sensitive and fast response to both reducing and oxidizing gases in dry air at relatively low concentrations and operating temperatures, indicating potential applications of polycrystalline ZnO nanowires as sensing materials for gas sensors.
Epitaxial Pb(Zr,Ti)O
3 thin films for a MEMS application
Authors: Nguyen Minh D , Vu Hung N , Blank Dave H A , Rijnders Guus 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
This research presents the deposition and device fabrication of epitaxial Pb(Zr,Ti)O
3 (PZT) thin films for applications in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). A piezoelectric micro-membrane is described as an example. Using the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique and the MEMS microfabrication process, the piezo-membranes with diameters ranging from 200 to 500 μm were obtained. The displacement of piezo-membranes increased from 5.1 to 17.5 nm
V
−1 with a piezoelectric-membrane diameter in the range of 200–500 μm. Furthermore, the effect of PZT film-thickness on the mechanical properties has been investigated. By using the conductive-oxide SrRuO
3 (SRO) layers as the electrodes, the degradation of both ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties is prevented up to 1010 switching cycles.
Platelet adhesion defect in type I Gaucher Disease is associated with a risk of mucosal bleeding
Authors: Spectre Galia , Roth Batia , Ronen Galia , Rosengarten Dror , Elstein Deborah , Zimran Ari , Varon David , Revel‐Vilk Shoshana 
Published: March 2011

SummaryPatients with type I Gaucher Disease (GD) may have a clinically significant bleeding tendency that is disproportionate to their platelet count. We hypothesized that impaired platelet adhesion might contribute to bleeding tendency. Adult patients with type I GD with platelet counts ≥130 × 109/l and haematocrit ≥30% (n = 48), obligatory carriers (n = 52), and healthy controls (n = 19) were studied. Platelet adhesion, using the IMPACT‐R (Cone and Plate(let) Analyser), and platelet aggregation were determined. Type I GD patients had significantly lower platelet adhesion [surface coverage %, median (interquartile range)] 4·6 (3·2–7·5), compared to controls, 8·7 (7·6–10·3), or carriers, 8·1 (6·5–9·4; P = 0·001). Platelet adhesion was not affected by the use of disease‐specific enzyme replacement therapy but was improved in patients after splenectomy, 7·2 (5·8–9·3). Mixing tests showed that the reduced adhesion was an intrinsic platelet defect. Mucosal bleeding was reported in 17 (35·4%) patients and was associated with abnormal adhesion [P = 0·037, with an Odds Ratio (95% confidence interval) of 5·73 (1·1–29·6)]. Five patients (22%) had reduced platelet aggregation, all of whom had reduced platelet adhesion. Platelet aggregation defect was not associated with mucosal bleeding. In conclusion, platelet adhesion defect is a major thrombocytopathy in type I GD patients and can explain part of the increased tendency to bleeding.
Recognition of iodixanol by dendritic cells increases the cellular response in delayed allergic reactions to contrast media
Authors: Antunez C. , Barbaud A. , Gomez E. , Audonnet S. , Lopez S. , Guéant‐Rodriguez R.‐M. , Aimone‐Gastin I. , Gomez F. , Blanca M. , Guéant J.‐L. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryBackground
Delayed reactions to iodine contrast media (CM) account for 1–3% of patients with adverse reactions to iodine CM. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of these reactions remain poorly documented. Although most of these reactions are T cell mediated, the involvement of dendritic cells (DC) has not been investigated sufficiently.Objective
To determine whether the T cell response to iodixanol requires DC as antigen‐presenting cell and, more particularly, to evaluate the changes induced by iodixanol on DC maturation and in vitro production of cytokines after drug stimulation in patients with maculopapular exanthema.Methods
Peripheral blood lymphocytes, immature monocyte‐derived DC (imDC) and skin biopsies were obtained from patients with delayed reactions to iodixanol and tolerant subjects. We studied the consequences of the interaction between DC, lymphocytes and iodixanol by phenotype analysis, proliferation and cytokine production.Results
A T‐cell‐mediated reaction was evidenced in patient biopsies, with a lymphocyte‐rich, peri‐vascular infiltrate. Iodixanol induced maturation of imDC from patients but not from controls, with expression of the co‐stimulatory markers CD83, CD86 and CD40 and an increase in mean fluorescence intensity of CD80, CD86 and HLA‐DR. In the absence of DC, positive cell proliferation to iodixanol was detected in only one patient while the addition of DC produced a positive test in five of the six patients. Similarly, the increase in cytokines (IFN‐γ, IL‐2, IL‐6, IL‐1b and TNF‐α) was higher when imDC were introduced into the culture together with the culprit drug.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance
These results provide evidence for a DC‐mediated mechanism in delayed allergic reactions to CM, influencing T cell proliferation and cytokine production. These new insights will be helpful for designing immunotherapeutic strategies and in vitro diagnostic tests of CM‐delayed reactions. Cite this as: C. Antunez, A. Barbaud, E. Gomez, S. Audonnet, S. Lopez, R.‐M. Guéant‐Rodriguez, I. Aimone‐ Gastin, F. Gomez, M. Blanca and J.‐L. Guéant, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2011 (41) 657–664.
Effect of transglutaminase on the functional properties of GDL (glucono‐delta‐lactone) cold‐set soybean glycinin gel
Authors: Zhu Jian‐Hua , Yang Xiao‐Quan , Ahmad Ijaz , Zhong Rui‐Min , Qi Jun‐Ru , Zhu Ding‐He 
Published: March 2011

SummaryCold‐set soybean glycinin gel was prepared by cross‐linking of soybean glycinin (non‐preheated and preheated) at pH 8.0 and 50 °C using transglutaminase (TG), followed by cold‐set acidification using glucono‐δ‐lactone (GDL). Dynamic oscillatory rheological measurements (both under non‐preheat and preheat conditions) showed that there was a substantial increase in the elastic (G′) and viscous (G″) moduli of enzyme treated gels. The moduli also showed similar frequency dependence. The yield strains of enzyme treated gels were clearly higher than that of the gels without enzyme treatment. Texture profile analysis indicated that preheat and enzyme treatments have beneficial effect on hardness, fracturability and gumminess of gels. Thermal and enzyme treatments have synergetic effect to improve the strength of gels, which is also consistent with the results of rheological measurements. These results demonstrated that heat treatment followed by TG treatment and GDL acidification improved the functional properties of soybean glycinin cold‐set gel.
Physicochemical characteristics and sensory optimisation of pineapple leather snack as affected by glucose syrup and pectin concentrations
Authors: Phimpharian Chanchira , Jangchud Anuvat , Jangchud Kamolwan , Therdthai Nantawan , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon , No Hong Kyoon 
Published: March 2011

SummaryEffects of glucose syrup (2%, 4%, and 6%) and pectin (0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%) concentrations on physicochemical characteristics and sensory acceptability of machine‐formed pineapple leather snack were investigated. Changes in glucose syrup and pectin concentrations significantly affected velocity of forming and total soluble solids content of pineapple paste, but did not affect thickness of pineapple leathers. Increasing pectin concentrations generally increased redness (a*) and yellowness (b*), and hardness (tensile force and work) while decreased moisture content and aw of pineapple leathers. Two most acceptable pineapple leathers were prepared with 6% glucose syrup and 0.5–1.0% pectin. Increasing pectin concentration from 1.0% to 1.5% negatively affected toughness acceptability, which was attributed to reduced moisture and aw, and increased tensile force and work. The optimum formulation range consisted of 3.5–6.0% glucose syrup and 0.5–1.0% pectin, yielding products with acceptability scores of 6.7–7.3 (on a 9‐point hedonic scale) for appearance, sourness, sweetness, overall‐taste, toughness and overall‐liking.
Patients’ perceptions of living with epilepsy: a phenomenographic study
Authors: Räty Lena KA , Wilde‐Larsson Bodil M 
Published: March 2011

Aim.  The study aimed to describe how patients with epilepsy perceive living with epilepsy.Background.  Epilepsy signifies a medical diagnosis as well as a social label. Persons living with epilepsy have more psychosocial problems compared with the general population, and stigma is often experienced. Few studies address patients’ life situations as a whole, and there are no studies on how patients perceive living with epilepsy.Design.  This was a qualitative interview study where 19 outpatients were purposively chosen and interviewed.Method.  A phenomenographic approach was used for interviewing and for analysing the interviews.Results.  Living with epilepsy was perceived in two different ways depending on the person’s feelings towards the condition. A positive feeling signified ‘Living with epilepsy means living a normal life – gaining and maintaining control’ with the descriptive categories: ‘Accepting the person with epilepsy’, ‘Taking responsibility’ and ‘Appreciating the good things’. A negative feeling signified ‘Living with epilepsy means living with focus on the condition – conflict and avoidance or resigning to fate’ with the descriptive categories: ‘Struggling with feelings of stigma, prejudices and loss of control’ and ‘Giving up hope of recovery, accepting loss of control’.Conclusion.  The findings indicate that patients’ perceptions of living with epilepsy are closely related to their feelings towards the condition. There is a need for further exploration of the relationship between perceptions of epilepsy as a phenomenon, perceptions of living with epilepsy and feelings related to the condition.Relevance to clinical practice.  The findings demonstrated how important feelings and perceptions are to how patients with epilepsy regard themselves. This knowledge is essential for nurses when helping patients to better understand underlying reasons for their reactions to various situations. Forming interventions to help patients with epilepsy to find coping strategies that enhance self‐esteem and self‐value is another area of relevance.
Grandfathering in a new era of parentage analysis
Authors: MOBLEY KENYON B. 
Published: March 2011

The advent of DNA fingerprinting and microsatellite techniques has revolutionized the way in which we investigate genetic pedigrees in the wild (Pemberton 2008). With large and often incomplete data sets consisting of hundreds to thousands of individuals over multiple generations becoming commonplace, new methods in parentage analysis are being developed to rise to the next generation of questions and challenges. In this issue, Christie et al. (2011) provide a simple yet elegant solution to the problem of identifying missing parents and assessing hybrid fitness in a mixed population of wild and hatchery steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) where not all individuals can be sampled effectively. They develop a new method of grandparent analysis where parental genotypes can be reconstructed using data from candidate grandparent crosses and F2 offspring genotypes, allowing for new explorations of hybridization, migration and gene flow in wild populations.
Serpentinites act as sponges for fluid‐mobile elements in abyssal and subduction zone environments
Authors: Deschamps Fabien , Guillot Stéphane , Godard Marguerite , Andreani Muriel , Hattori Kéiko 
Published: March 2011

Terra Nova, 23, 171–178, 2011AbstractSerpentinization of the oceanic lithosphere contributes significantly to the geochemical cycle from spreading ridges to subduction zones. In situ trace element analysis of oceanic serpentinites from the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge and the Greater Antilles (Cuba, Dominican Republic) shows that all serpentine minerals are enriched in fluid‐mobile elements (FME: As, Sb, B, Li, Cs, Pb, U, Ba, Sr). We observe no loss of these elements from abyssal to subduction environments during prograde metamorphism. Moreover, the transition from lizardite/chrysotile to antigorite during subduction is marked by a strong over‐enrichment in As and Sb in antigorite, indicating late contamination by a sedimentary source. This suggests that a second stage of serpentinization occurs in the earlier stages of subduction, when newly formed or reactivated normal faults ease fluid penetration, and/or in the subduction channel. Our study shows that, from spreading ridges to forearc environments, serpentines act as sponges for FME. We posit that, until ultimate antigorite breakdown, serpentinites efficiently transport significant amounts of FME down to great depths in the mantle.
Sterile panniculitis in dogs: new diagnostic findings and alternative treatments
Authors: Kim Ha‐Jung , Kang Min‐Hee , Kim Jung‐Hyun , Kim Daeyoung , Park Hee‐Myung 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe objective of this study was to analyse the underlying diseases, diagnostic findings and treatment outcomes in 10 dogs with sterile panniculitis. There was no significant breed association in this study (P = 0.86).The median age of the dogs was 7.4 years. Concurrent diseases included atopic dermatitis (four dogs), acute pancreatitis (two dogs) and primary hypoadrenocorticism (one dog), with no concurrent conditions detected in three dogs. There was no significant association with the sterile panniculitis (P = 0.57). Well‐circumscribed firm nodules were noted in seven dogs, and ill‐defined soft nodules were observed in three dogs. Bacterial and fungal cultures of biopsy samples were negative in all cases. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of the nodules revealed pleomorphic mesenchymal cells in all of the well‐circumscribed firm nodules, whereas numerous inflammatory cells and adipose cells were evident in soft nodules. These results indicate that firm nodules in panniculitis could be misdiagnosed as tumours. Immunosuppressive therapy was used in eight cases. Topical dexamethasone was used in four dogs, intralesional dexamethasone in one dog, oral prednisolone plus ciclosporin in two dogs and oral prednisolone only in one dog. The remaining treatments were surgical excision and systemic cefalexin in one dog each. The lesions regressed within 1 week in all cases, with more rapid remission following systemic immunosuppressive therapy. This study suggests that cytology may be misinterpreted as neoplastic, especially with firm lesions. In addition, topical glucocorticoid therapy should be further evaluated as a potential treatment for canine sterile panniculitis.
Effects of quinoa hull meal on piglet performance and intestinal epithelial physiology
Authors: Carlson D. , Fernandez J. A. , Poulsen H. D. , Nielsen B. , Jacobsen S.‐E. 
Published: March 2011

SummarySaponin‐containing feed additives have shown positive effects on pig performance. Quinoa hull has high saponin content and may be of interest as a feed additive. This study aimed to evaluate quinoa hull meal (QHM) as a feed additive in a pig diet. The effects of QHM were assessed for three dosages of South American (SA) origin (100, 300 and 500 mg/kg) and one dosage of Danish (DK) quinoa (300 mg/kg). In addition, the effect of dietary SA‐QHM and SA‐QHM‐extract on jejunal epithelial physiology was studied ex vivo in Ussing chambers. The experiment included 400 piglets weaned at 28 ± 2 days of age and the experimental period was 4 weeks. Piglets were weighed initially and finally and feed intake registered. The ex vivo studies were performed with epithelium from 40 pigs receiving control or SA‐QHM. Epithelium from each pig was placed into eight Ussing chambers, where four concentrations of SA‐QHM‐extract were added. Epithelial permeability, Na+‐dependent glucose transport and serotonin (5‐HT) and theophylline‐induced secretion were measured. The results showed that QHM had no influence on piglet’s growth (p = 0.41) or feed intake (p = 0.17). In spite of a large difference in saponin content between SA‐QHM and DK‐QHM (28.7% and 2.0% w/w respectively) the source did not affect pig performance. The ex vivo studies revealed no effect (p > 0.05) of adding QHM‐extract into the medium. The permeability and glucose induced absorption were highest (p = 0.003 and p = 0.04 respectively) in epithelium from pigs that consumed 100 or 300 mg/kg SA‐QHM. The secretory response to 5‐HT was not affected (p = 0.59) by dietary treatments, but the theophylline‐induced secretion decreased (p = 0.02) with increasing dietary SA‐QHM. The changes in epithelial physiology measured ex vivo did not affect animal performance in vivo in this study.
A basis for the renewal of sterile insect technique for the olive fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi)
Authors: Estes A. M. , Nestel D. , Belcari A. , Jessup A. , Rempoulakis P. , Economopoulos A. P. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe olive fly (OLF), Bactrocera oleae (Rossi), is an invasive tephritid fruit fly that causes extensive damage to olive crops around the world (especially in the Mediterranean basin and North America). Previous attempts to use the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) for the OLF were not successful because of the inability to rear high quality OLF in the laboratory on an artificial diet. New improvements in rearing methods and additional understanding of the basic biology of the OLF have led to a renewal of interest in using SIT for OLF. This review discusses the history, difficulties, improvements and future directions of OLF mass‐rearing. Issues include: the design of cages and oviposition substrates, cost and quality of artificial diets, maintenance of endosymbiotic microbiota, control of pathogenic microbes, collection of pupae, the fitness of adults, and the competitiveness of sterilized laboratory males released to the field.
Assessment of Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Sperm DNA Fragmentation Using a Sperm Chromatin Dispersion Test
Authors: Pawar K , Kaul G 
Published: March 2011

ContentsChromosomal fragmentations or damage in sperm DNA has considerable value in determination of semen quality. However, rapid and/or simple method to assess sperm DNA integrity in buffalo has apparently not been reported. In the present study, SCD was used for the first time in buffalo bulls for assessment of sperm DNA fragmentation. A modified SCD protocol, under bright field microscope was developed and validated by comparison with other routine tests which can be used for processing of samples. The DNA fragmentation index (DFI) from SCD was correlated with semen quality parameters viz. viability (r = −0.68, p < 0.05), membrane integrity (r = −0.74, p < 0.05) and capacitation status (r = −0.69, p < 0.05). The amount of DNA fragmentation assessed by SCD was highly correlated (R = 0.874, p < 0.05) with results of acridine orange test (AOT), a traditional method of assessing DNA damage. There were no significant differences between two observers with regards to scoring dispersion patterns. Therefore, the SCD test can be routinely used for detection of DNA fragmentation in buffalo sperm, with potential for replacing conventional time consuming tests.