bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimum Chopping Conditions for Alaska Pollock, Pacific Whiting, and Threadfin Bream Surimi Paste and Gel based on Rheological and Raman Spectroscopic Analysis
Authors: Poowakanjana Samanan , Mayer Steven G. , Park Jae W. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract:   Rheological and Raman spectroscopic properties of surimi from three species [Alaska pollock (AP) (cold water), Pacific whiting (temperate water), and threadfin bream (warm water)] were investigated as affected by various chopping conditions. Comminuting Alaska pollock surimi at 0 °C demonstrated superior gel hardness and cohesiveness when chopping time was extended to 15–18 min; however, long chopping time at higher temperatures resulted in a significantly decreased gel texture particularly at 20 °C. Warm water fish threadfin bream exhibited higher gel texture when chopping was done longer at higher temperature. Rheological properties were significantly affected by both chopping time and temperature. Species effect, based on their thermal stability, was readily apparent. Raman spectroscopy revealed a significant change in disulfide linkage and the reduction of secondary structure upon extended chopping. Dynamic oscillation rheology demonstrated the damage of light meromyoisn and lowering of onset of gelling temperature as the chopping time was extended.Practical Application:  Chopping conditions to determine gel quality and manufacture surimi seafood are varied by all manufacturers. This paper covering three primary species for surimi with their suggested optimum chopping conditions: 15 min for Alaska pollock when chopped at 0 °C, 15 min for Pacific whiting at 15–20 °C, and 18 min for threadfin bream at 25–30 °C. The use of optimum chopping condition should maximize the value of each surimi and provide consistent quality to the end users.
Development and Application of an Enzyme‐linked Immunosorbent Assay for Specific Detection of Mangiferin Content in Various Cultivars of Mangifera indica Leaves Using Anti‐mangiferin Polyclonal Antibody
Authors: Yusakul Gorawit , Kitirattrakarn Wongsathorn , Tanwanichkul Narunat , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Putalun Waraporn 
Published: March 2012

Abstract:  An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for determining mangiferin content in plant samples using a polyclonal antibody (PAb) against mangiferin. The developed ELISA showed a full measurement range from 0.12 to 31.25 μg/mL mangiferin with a relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 6% for both intra‐ and interassay precision levels. The accuracy was determined by a percent recovery experiment at three concentration levels and it showed 97.8%–103.7% recovery in Mangifera indica leaf samples. The developed ELISA exhibited a high correlation value (R2= 0.992) with the standard high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method in various mangiferin‐containing plant samples. Our results suggest that the validated ELISA methodology using a PAb against mangiferin can be applied to determine mangiferin content with high specificity, rapidity and simplicity in various mangiferin‐containing plant samples. The mangiferin content in the mature leaves of fifty M. indica cultivars were determined using the developed ELISA. The mangiferin contents ranged from 1.94 ± 0.13% to 13.79 ± 0.84% dry wt. The Thawai cultivar leaves contained the highest level of mangiferin (13.79 ± 0.84% dry wt), but it is a rare cultivar. The Namdokmai, which is more commonly cultivated in Thailand, contain 12.41 ± 0.60% dry wt mangiferin; therefore, this cultivar leaf was recommended as the source of raw material for the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and cosmetic product industries.Practical Application:  Currently, natural heath products are accepted worldwide for healthcare. Mangiferin‐containing plants and products exhibit health benefits against oxidative stress‐related diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, dyslipidemia and diabetes. We have developed an ELISA with high specificity, rapidity and simplicity for the quality control of mangiferin‐derived product production. Moreover, we found that the Namdokmai leaf, a Thai M. indica cultivar, was recommended as the source of raw material for the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and cosmetic product industry because of its high mangiferin content and natural prevalence.
Sex Differences in the Endothelial Function of Untreated Hypertension
Authors: Routledge Faye S. , Hinderliter Alan L. , Blumenthal James A. , Sherwood Andrew 
Published: March 2012

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012;14:228–235. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Vascular endothelial dysfunction is associated with increased risk for adverse cardiovascular (CV) events. However, less is known about sex differences in the endothelial function of untreated hypertensive individuals. The purpose of this study was to assess endothelial function in women and men with untreated hypertension. Ninety participants (35 women, 55 men), aged 40 to 60 years (mean age, 46.1±8.2 years), with untreated stage 1 hypertension (systolic blood pressure 140–159 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure 90–99 mm Hg) underwent brachial artery endothelial‐dependent flow‐mediated dilation and endothelial‐independent glyceryl trinitrate dilation. Women had a smaller flow‐mediated dilation response than men (adjusted mean±standard error of the mean [SEM]; 1.8±0.6% vs 3.9±0.4%, P=.036), adjusting for baseline arterial diameter (P=.004), age (P=.596), ethnicity (P=.496), log shear stress ratio (P<.001), body mass index (P=.009), 24‐hour diastolic blood pressure (P=.169), high‐density lipoprotein (P=.225), log creatinine (P=.927), and log physical activity (P=.682). Glyceryl trinitrate dilation did not differ by sex in adjusted models. Women between the ages of 40 and 60 years with untreated stage 1 hypertension exhibited a greater impairment of endothelial function compared with their male counterparts. These findings raise the possibility that female sex may impart a greater risk of CV events in patients with untreated stage 1 hypertension potentially due to poorer endothelial function.
Blood Pressure–Lowering Efficacy of the Fixed‐Dose Combination of Azilsartan Medoxomil and Chlorthalidone: A Factorial Study
Authors: Sica Domenic , Bakris George L. , White William B. , Weber Michael A. , Cushman William C. , Huang Patrick , Roberts Andrew , Kupfer Stuart 
Published: March 2012

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012; 14:284–292. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This study compared the efficacy and safety of fixed‐dose combinations (FDCs) of the angiotensin II receptor blocker azilsartan medoxomil (AZL‐M) and the thiazide‐like diuretic chlorthalidone (CLD) with the individual monotherapies in a double‐blind factorial study. A total of 1714 patients with clinic systolic blood pressure (SBP) 160 mm Hg to 190 mm Hg inclusive were randomized to AZL‐M 0 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, or 80 mg and/or chlorthalidone 0 mg, 12.5 mg, or 25 mg. The primary efficacy end point was change from baseline to 8 weeks in trough (hour 22–24) SBP by ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring (ABPM). Patients’ mean age was 57 years; 47% were men and 20% were black. Baseline trough BP was approximately 165/95 mm Hg and 151/91 mm Hg by clinic and ABPM measurements, respectively. For the pooled AZL‐M/CLD 40/25‐mg and 80/25‐mg FDC groups, SBP reduction by ABPM at trough was 28.9 mm Hg and exceeded AZL‐M 80 mg and CLD 25 mg monotherapies by 13.8 mm Hg and 13 mm Hg, respectively (P<.001 for both comparisons). Discontinuation rates and elevations in serum creatinine were dose‐dependent and occurred more often in the AZL‐M/CLD groups. In patients with stage 2 hypertension, treatment with the combination of AZL‐M and CLD resulted in substantially greater SBP reduction compared with either agent alone.
First self‐perceived signs and symptoms in emerging psychosis compared with depression
Authors: Aston Jacqueline , Bull Nadine , Gschwandtner Ute , Pflueger Marlon , Borgwardt Stefan , Stieglitz Rolf‐Dieter , Riecher‐Rössler Anita 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAim: To investigate differences between the early symptoms of schizophrenia and depressive disorders.Methods: Sixty‐one individuals with an at‐risk mental state (ARMS), 17 of whom later made the transition to psychosis, 37 patients with a first episode of psychosis and 16 controls with depressive disorders were interviewed about first self‐perceived signs and symptoms.Results: In ARMS and first episode of psychosis, on average, first self‐perceived signs or symptoms had occurred about 5–6 years before the interview. In ARMS, including transition to psychosis, ‘loss of energy’ and ‘difficulties concentrating’ were the most frequently recalled first signs. There was much overlap for the four most frequently mentioned symptoms in the three groups. As compared with ARMS, controls with depressive disorders significantly more often recalled ‘depression’ and ‘social isolation’ as the very first signs of disease.Conclusions: Clinicians should consider the development of self‐recalled first signs over time carefully when assessing suspected early prodromal stages of schizophrenia and beginning depressive disorder.
Medical Problems Where Talk is the Problem: Current Trends in Conversation Analytic Research on Aphasia, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Intellectual Disability, and Alzheimer’s
Authors: Garcia Angela Cora 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWhile a large body of conversation analytic research focuses on talk in medical settings, a relatively small but important emerging body of research on that subset of medical problems which affect individuals’ ability to produce and comprehend language has been developing. This paper reviews such research on four such medical problems: aphasia, Autism Spectrum Disorder, intellectual disability, and forms of dementia such as Alzheimer’s. This research provides useful insight into the nature of symptoms and the actual communicative competence of the individuals affected, as well as improving our knowledge of the best ways to diagnose, assess, and treat these conditions.
Multiracial Americans: Racial Identity Choices and Implications for the Collection of Race Data
Authors: Khanna Nikki 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn 2010, approximately nine million Americans self‐identified with more than one race on the U.S. Census – a 32 percent increase since 2000. In this paper, I review the growing body of research on this population, with a particular focus on identifying and describing factors important in shaping their racial identities. Factors explored include: social norms regarding racial classification, socioeconomic status, racial composition of one’s neighborhood and community, region, socialization by family, age, cohort, genealogical locus of multiracial ancestry, nativity, and phenotype. I discuss the broader implications of findings to‐date, with a particular focus on the ongoing scholarly discourse regarding the collection of race data in the United States.
An Intersectional Approach to Understanding Stigma Associated with Male Sexual Assault Victimization
Authors: Ralston Kevin M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThroughout popular media, there are stories about people being victimized because they are seen as different from the majority of people in society. Although there is a stigma aspect to these stories, the role that stigma plays in victimization is never truly examined. This paper uses an intersectional framework to discuss the role stigma plays in victimization. Through the discussion of male sexual assault victims, this paper sheds light on the varying construction of masculinity and how this meshes with the stigma process creating varying experiences for male victims. Issues associated with being a male victim of sexual assault are discussed, including a comparison with female victims and a discussion of how the construction of masculinity varies in different communities to illustrate how the experiences of male victims changes depending on their race, class, and sexuality. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of how a better understanding of male sexual assault victims could provide needed assistance for them.
Towards a Critical Global Race Theory
Authors: Weiner Melissa F. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe meanings attached to “race” across the globe are myriad, particularly as anti‐Islamic discourse once again links race and religion. Yet scholars lack a common terminology to discuss this phenomenon. This article hopes to expand critical race theory and scholarship across national lines. This critical examination of recent race‐related scholarship provides scholars with empirical suggestions to uncover and document the different processes, mechanisms, trajectories and outcomes of potentially racialized practices that essentialize, dehumanize, “other,” and oppress minority groups while imbuing privileged groups with power and resources in nations across the globe. Ten empirical indicators will allow international researchers to assess the particular situation of different groups in different nations to determine whether, and the extent to which, they are subject to racialization. Specifically, this paper calls for a unified terminology that can accurately account for and address race when and where it occurs and a global broadening of a critical comparative dialogue of racial practices.
Foldable iris‐fixated intraocular lens implantation in children
Authors: Ryan Andrea , Hartnett Claire , Lanigan Bernadette , O’Keefe Michael 
Published: March 2012

Abstract.Purpose:  To describe the results of foldable iris‐fixated intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in children.Methods:  Children with high bilateral or unilateral myopia who were intolerant of spectacle or contact lens correction were implanted with an iris‐fixated foldable IOL and prospectively followed. We measured pre‐ and postoperative visual acuity, refraction, endothelial cell density (ECD) and National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire‐25.Results:  Eleven eyes of six children were implanted. Indications were high bilateral myopia in children with comorbid neurobehavioural disorders, high anisometropia and high myopic astigmatism. Mean preoperative spherical equivalent (SE) refraction was −14.6 dioptres (D) ± 4.2 SD. Mean follow‐up was 15 months. Postoperative SE refraction was −2.40 D ± 2.40 SD. Corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) improved from mean logMAR 0.84 ± 0.4 SD to postoperative 0.67 ± 0.34 SD (p = 0.005). CDVA was reduced because of coexistent ocular disorders and amblyopia. Vision‐related quality of life (QOL) measures improved significantly. There were no intraoperative or postoperative serious complications.Conclusion:  Foldable iris‐fixated IOL insertion can give a significant improvement in vision and in vision‐related QOL in a subset of paediatric patients with special refractive needs who are intolerant to conventional treatment. Long‐term follow‐up is required for monitoring of ECD.
Subject‐based reference values: biological variation, individuality, and reference change values
Authors: Walton Raquel M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSubject‐based reference values have been largely overlooked in veterinary medicine. These values represent longitudinal data rather than the cross‐sectional data represented by standard population‐based reference values. As such they provide information about biological and analytical variation. Inherent random variation of analytes around a homeostatic set point is referred to as biological variation; data on biological variation are underutilized in veterinary medicine and have multiple applications that include setting analytical goals, predicting the utility of population‐based reference intervals (RIs), assessing the value of partitioning reference values, and evaluating the significance of changes in serial results. To generate these data, relatively few individuals are sampled for a short period of time. Given the difficulty of obtaining specimens from large number of healthy individuals to establish a cross‐sectional RI for many veterinary species, especially exotic species, use of subject‐based RIs is a practical alternative approach for the veterinary diagnostician. Furthermore, for the majority of biochemical analytes and even many hemostatic variables, population‐based reference values are less sensitive than subject‐based reference values for detecting pathologic changes in an individual. The focus of this review is the clinical usefulness of subject‐based reference values and diagnostic implications for their use. Implementation of the concepts of biological variation, individuality, and reference change value (RCV) may allow large diagnostic laboratories to offer more sensitive reference values to assess health and detect disease.
Establishment of canine hematology reference intervals for theSysmexXT‐2000iV hematology analyzer using a blood donor database
Authors: Serra Mariana , Freeman Kathleen P. , Campora Carola , Sacchini Federico 
Published: March 2012

BackgroundTheSysmexXT‐2000iV is a hematology analyzer that combines impedance and optical techniques and has been previously validated for dogs. Specific reference intervals (RIs) are useful when interpreting results.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine hematologicRIs for theSysmexXT‐2000iV using a large reference population of client‐owned clinically healthy blood donor dogs, adopting an indirect sampling method.MethodsDogs were screened for breed, size, health, travel history, and previous blood transfusions, and the quality of blood specimens was also reviewed. Results from specimens that met inclusion criteria were used to determineRIs using a nonparametric method. Specimens fromAkitas andsighthounds were excluded from the study.ResultsOf 992 specimens that had been collected from blood donors and analyzed, 297 were initially included in theRIstudy. An additional 38 specimens were excluded as outliers, and hematologicRIs for theSysmexXT‐2000iV were based on analysis of specimens from 259 clinically healthy dogs. Measurands evaluated had variable distributions, and intervals obtained were generally comparable to previously reportedRIs. Differences observed included higher lower and upper reference limits (LRLandURL, respectively) forMCVand lowerURLforWBCcount. Reticulocyte count and theLRLof the absolute lymphocyte count were also higher than previously reported, and theRIfor platelet count was narrower and lower.ConclusionsCanineRIs for theSysmex hematology analyzer were established using an indirect sampling method with reference individuals selected from a large database of client‐owned clinically healthy blood donor dogs. For specimens included in this study, time from collection to analysis was similar to what veterinary commercial laboratories experience.
Investigations on
a Compression Ignition Engine Using Animal Fats and Vegetable Oil as
Fuels
Authors: Bousbaa Hamza , Sary Awad , Tazerout Mohand , Liazid Abdelkrim 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Biofuels are a promising alternative to petroleum-based fuels. This paper investigates the performance, combustion, and exhaust emissions of a single cylinder diesel engine operated on baseline diesel and biofuel produced by vegetable oil and processing animal fat. The vegetable oil is called PODL20, which is a blend of palm oil and D-Limonen in proportion of 80% and 20%, respectively. The second biofuel is synthesized from the animal fat wastes (WAF) after transesterification process. Both experimental and numerical investigations are achieved in this work. The experiments are conducted at constant engine speed mode (1800 rpm) with applied loads on a wide domain. The CFD code converge is used to simulate the in-cylinder combustion for all the tested fuels. Comparative measures of brake thermal efficiency, break specific fuel consumption (bsfc), exhaust gas temperature, volumetric efficiency, and pollution (THC, CO2, CO, NO, NOx) are presented and discussed. Also, a step is achieved with in-cylinder CFD simulation of biofuel combustion. The obtained results indicate that the combustion characteristics are slightly changed when comparing neat diesel to biofuels. Some of the results obtained in this work indicate that WAF fuel decreases the total unburned fuel as well as the nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. The numerical results are in logic agreement with those obtained experimentally, which promotes more detailed investigations and combustion characteristics optimization in forthcoming works.
The Aminoglycoside Antibiotic Kanamycin Damages DNA Bases in Escherichia coli: Caffeine Potentiates the DNA-Damaging Effects of Kanamycin while Suppressing Cell Killing by Ciprofloxacin in Escherichia coli and Bacillus anthracis
Authors: Kang Tina Manzhu , Yuan Jessica , Nguyen Angelyn , Becket Elinne , Yang Hanjing , Miller Jeffrey H. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

The distribution of mutants in the Keio collection of
Escherichia coli
gene knockout mutants that display increased sensitivity to the aminoglycosides kanamycin and neomycin indicates that damaged bases resulting from antibiotic action can lead to cell death. Strains lacking one of a number of glycosylases (e.g., AlkA, YzaB, Ogt, KsgA) or other specific repair proteins (AlkB, PhrB, SmbC) are more sensitive to these antibiotics. Mutants lacking AlkB display the strongest sensitivity among the glycosylase- or direct lesion removal-deficient strains. This perhaps suggests the involvement of ethenoadenine adducts, resulting from reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, since AlkB removes this lesion. Other sensitivities displayed by mutants lacking UvrA, polymerase V (Pol V), or components of double-strand break repair indicate that kanamycin results in damaged base pairs that need to be removed or replicated past in order to avoid double-strand breaks that saturate the cellular repair capacity. Caffeine enhances the sensitivities of these repair-deficient strains to kanamycin and neomycin. The gene knockout mutants that display increased sensitivity to caffeine (
dnaQ
,
holC
,
holD
, and
priA
knockout mutants) indicate that caffeine blocks DNA replication, ultimately leading to double-strand breaks that require recombinational repair by functions encoded by
recA
,
recB
, and
recC
, among others. Additionally, caffeine partially protects cells of both
Escherichia coli
and
Bacillus anthracis
from killing by the widely used fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin.
Short-Term Therapy with Luliconazole, a Novel Topical Antifungal Imidazole, in Guinea Pig Models of Tinea Corporis and Tinea Pedis
Authors: Koga Hiroyasu , Nanjoh Yasuko , Kaneda Hideo , Yamaguchi Hideyo , Tsuboi Ryoji 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

Luliconazole is a novel topical antifungal imidazole with broad-spectrum and potent antifungal activity. The drug is under clinical development in the United States for management of dermatophytosis with a short-term treatment regimen. The present study was undertaken to investigate the clinical benefit of short-term therapy with luliconazole cream in guinea pig models of tinea corporis and tinea pedis induced with
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
. The dose-dependent therapeutic efficacy of topical luliconazole cream (0.02 to 1%), measured by macroscopic improvement of skin lesions and by fungal eradication as determined by a culture assay, was demonstrated using a tinea corporis model. The improvement in skin lesions seen with luliconazole cream was observed even at a concentration of 0.02%, and its efficacy at 0.1% was equal to that of 1% bifonazole cream. The efficacy of short-term therapy with 1% luliconazole cream, which is used for clinical management, was investigated using the tinea corporis model (4- and 8-day treatment regimens) and the tinea pedis model (7- and 14-day treatment regimens). The 1% luliconazole cream completely eradicated the fungus in half or less of the treatment time required for 1% terbinafine cream and 1% bifonazole cream, as determined by a culture assay for both models. These results clearly indicate that 1% luliconazole cream is sufficiently potent for short-term treatment for dermatophytosis compared to existing drugs. Luliconazole is expected to be useful in the clinical management of dermatophytosis.