bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the carbon footprint of sedation practices in intensive care
Authors: Soong Jie Lin , Ho Pei Lin , Neo Valerie Ser Hwee , Lie Sui An 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundHealthcare's carbon footprint contributes to 4.4% of global net emissions and intensive care units (ICUs) are very resource intensive. Existing studies on environmental sustainability in ICUs focused on carbon footprint generated from energy and electricity consumption, use of medical consumables and equipment, but few studies quantified carbon footprint generated from pharmaceuticals used in ICUs.AimTo evaluate carbon footprint arising from sedation practices in the ICUs.Study DesignA pilot, prospective observational study was conducted in two ICUs from 1 August to 22 September 2022 in Singapore General Hospital. Adult patients who were consecutively sedated, intubated and expected to be mechanically ventilated for at least 24 h were included. Total amount of analgesia and sedatives used and wasted in eligible patients were collected. Carbon emission from ICU sedation practices were then quantified using available life cycle assessment data.ResultsA total of 31 patients were recruited. Top analgesia and sedative used in both ICUs were fentanyl and propofol, respectively. Carbon footprint from sedative usage and wastage across 7 weeks in both ICUs were 2.206 kg CO2‐e and 0.286 g CO2‐e, respectively. In total, this equates to driving 15.8 km by car. Proportion of drug wasted ranged from 5.1% to 25.0%, with the top reason for wastage being the drug was no longer clinically indicated. Recommendations to reduce carbon footprint include choosing sedatives with lower carbon emissions where possible and having effective communication among doctors and nurses regarding management plans to minimize unnecessary wastage.ConclusionOur study quantified carbon footprint arising from sedation practices, mainly drug usage and wastage in two ICUs in Singpore General Hospital.Relevance to Clinical PracticeAdopting a holistic approach to environmental sustainability in the ICU, sedation practices also contribute to generating greenhouse gases, albeit small, and can be targeted to reduce unnecessary carbon footprint.
Practical Applications of the Material Modeling Approach in the Aerospace Industry
Authors: Chengalva Mahesh , Dang Vivian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
As the aerospace industry steadily increases the use of Model-Based Engineering, digital twins are rapidly preceding physical counterparts in all types of applications. Virtual testing, which involves the use of digital twins to accurately replicate the results of physical tests, provides a significant competitive advantage. A powerful analytical methodology that enables virtual testing to failure is referred to in academia and industry as the material modeling approach. In this approach, basic material characterization data from simple and inexpensive coupon-level tests are utilized to develop generalized 3D material constitutive equations using continuum mechanics. These in turn are condensed into code referred to as ‘material subroutines’ that can then be interfaced with commercial Finite Element software for general purpose structural modeling of failure. The main advantage of this approach is in their capability to model structural failure based on material characterization data from simple easy-to-perform tests. Moreover, the independence of the material model from structural considerations enables applications to structures of all forms and sizes. Production applications of this approach at Boeing for strength and stability prediction are covered in this paper along with pathfinder applications in the areas of ballistic impact, illustrating the broad scope and potential of this powerful analytical approach.
Aeroservoelasticity’s Digital Simulation Using PLC
Authors: Deepthi K. Sudha , B. Rammohan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The objective of the “Digital Twin for “Aeroservoelasticity” is to generate an intricate virtual model of aeroelastic systems that closely resembles their real attributes and behaviors. Ladder logic programming on a programmable logic controller (PLC) is a powerful tool for handling such changes. Consistent with the principles of Industry 4.0, this study creates a ladder logic to explain the digital twin idea inside the aeroservoelastic model. Ladder logic programming and the digital twin idea enable the monitoring, optimization, and predictive maintenance of aerospace systems. which enables more accurate and timely results. This method works especially well in aeroservoelastic situations when there is a complicated interaction between forces and reactions and quick and precise decision-making is needed. Additionally, ladder logic programming’s adaptability meets Industry 4.0 requirements. In order to address aeroservoelasticity this research work presents a novel methodology and the creative integration of ladder logic programming within the digital twin concept. Additionally, it focuses on enhancing the capabilities of the digital twin by incorporating ladder logic programming, a type of Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) programming. Industry 4.0, Building a complex virtual model that accurately captures the dynamic interactions between structural elasticity, aerodynamic forces, and aircraft control systems is required for its application in aeroelasticity.
Predicting Fracture Toughness in Polymers Using a Novel Atomistic-Continuum Concurrent Coupling Technique
Authors: Aditya Sankha , Roy Samit 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to predict fracture properties of soft materials such as polymer using molecular dynamics (MD) coupled with finite element method (FEM). A novel method for concurrent coupling of atomistic and continuum domains is applied to achieve the length scales required to fully capture the fracture process zone (FPZ). Outside of the FPZ, linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) concepts are valid and used to prescribe K-field boundary conditions. The nonlinear stress-strain behavior of an epoxy polymer MD model is approximated using the Ramberg-Osgood model, which is used to define the FEM domain. The coupled system is validated and then used for simulating fracture. FPZ size and J-integral variation with increasing stress intensity factor are then studied and compared with LEFM solutions.
Incline Firing Analysis Using ANSYS to Determine Directional Barrel Deformations
Authors: Huang Ce , Dhainaut Jean-Michel , Talley Jefferson , Du Phil 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the directional deformations of a 120mm smoothbore tank gun were analyzed during several initial firing angles. This analysis sets up the barrel as a cantilever beam and accelerates the projectile with a given pressure time load history. This study aims to understand the deformation patterns associated with various firing angles with a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) approach and seeks to obtain valuable initial conditions to improve long-range firing accuracy at a relatively large firing angle. The primary objective of the paper was to uncover a physical rationale behind the “rifle rule”, which suggests that when shooting at an inclined surface, the projectile tends to strike higher. The findings are intended to inform the development of a 3D trajectory analysis simulator. The axial, vertical, and horizontal deformation of the barrel at 0, ±15, ±30, and ±45 degrees are compared, as well as validating the results with the projectile’s exit velocity. Lastly, the results show that the vertical deformation of the barrel is significant enough to vary the trajectory of the projectile and should be considered during an inclined/declined firing scenario. While the axial and horizontal deformations are small enough to be considered trivial and unlikely to have a significant effect on the accuracy.
Structural and Aerodynamic Characteristics of Micro-Perforated Porous Sheets for Laminar Flow Control
Authors: Traub Hendrik , Kube Jan , Jose Siby , Prasannakumar Adarsh , Hühne Christian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Laminar flow control shows an unparalleled potential to increase the energy efficiency of state-of-the-art transport aircraft. However, active boundary layer suction requires micro-metre precision and is associated with extensive manufacturing effort. This study investigates new manufacturing technologies, such as additive manufacturing and laminating of porous sheets for boundary layer suction. The new porous sheets extend the design space of porous skins for laminar flow control and aim to reduce their manufacturing effort. This research shows the feasibility of additively manufactured and laminated porous sheets with perforation diameters below 250 μm and pressure drop characteristics comparable to available etched and laser-drilled sheets.
Dynamic answer-dependent multiple-choice questions and holistic assessment analysis in high-enrollment courses
Authors: Atwal Harnejan K. , Quides Kenjiro W. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Many 4-year public institutions face significant pedagogical challenges due to the high ratio of students to teaching team members. To address the issue, we developed a workflow using the programming language R as a method to rapidly grade multiple-choice questions, adjust for errors, and grade answer-dependent style multiple-choice questions, thus shifting the teaching teams’ time commitment back to student interaction. We provide an example of answer-dependent style multiple-choice questions and demonstrate how the output allows for discrete analysis of questions based on various categories such as Fundamental Statements or Bloom’s Taxonomy Levels. Additionally, we show how student demographics can be easily integrated to yield a holistic perspective on student performance in a course. The workflow offers dynamic grading opportunities for multiple-choice questions and versatility through its adaptability to assessment analyses. This approach to multiple-choice questions allows instructors to pinpoint factors affecting student performance and respond to changes to foster a healthy learning environment.
Severely reduced physical performance is already present at the time of admission for stem cell transplantation
Authors: Beller Ronja , Gauß Gabriele , Basu Oliver , Schönberger Stefan , Höfs Michaela , Reinhardt Dirk , Götte Miriam 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesPaediatric patients with cancer undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) face a high risk for life-threatening infections and transplant-related complications. Therefore, these children should be in the best possible physical condition beforehand. The study aims to evaluate the fitness status before allo-HSCT and identify correlations between fitness, quality of life and fatigue, clinical data, and previous exercise sessions.MethodsPaediatric patients with cancer ≥4 years old, treated with allo-HSCT, were recruited for the ANIMAL trial ("Effects of a low vs. moderate intense exercise program on immune recovery during paediatric allo-HSCT.", DRKS ID:DRKS00019865). Assessed at admission for HSCT were (1) clinical and anthropometric data, (2) motor performance (strength, endurance and balance) and (3) psychological parameters. Values were compared with published reference values (normative data from the literature) of healthy children, and correlation analyses were conducted.Results22 paediatric patients undergoing pre-allo-HSCT (23% female, 9.4±4.5 years, 73% leukaemia) exhibited substantial reduced differences in all motor performance parameters, with up to −106%±98 (mean difference to reference value) in static stance, −37%±45 in sit-to-stand, −52%±16 in leg extension and −48%±22 in hand grip strength compared with reference values. Correlations were observed among age and fitness parameters, the number of inpatient days and fatigue, and many previous exercise sessions correlated with better hand grip strength.ConclusionThese results indicate a poorer fitness status in children before HSCT compared with healthy children, recommending the need for structured exercise programmes for children undergoing HSCT. Differently directed correlations between age/body mass index and endurance/strength and between exercise sessions and strength show the importance of individualised training recommendations and the effect of training.
Evaluating the effectiveness of a tailored online educational video on the contraceptive knowledge and decision making of young women from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds: findings from the EXTEND-PREFER study
Authors: Mazza Danielle , Botfield Jessica R , Zeng Jessie , Morando-Stokoe Claudia , Arefadib Noushin 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundYoung Australian women from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds are vulnerable to unwanted pregnancy. We aimed to assess whether an online educational video, co-designed with young CALD women, can increase their contraceptive knowledge, preference for and uptake of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC).MethodsOnline advertising was used to recruit young CALD women aged 16–25 years. Participants completed the pre-video survey (S1), watched the 13-min co-designed video, then completed a survey immediately afterwards (S2) and 6 months later (S3). Outcomes were analysed using McNemar tests and multivariate logistic regression.ResultsA total of 160 participants watched the video, completed S1 and S2, and 57% of those completed S3. At S1 only 14% rated their knowledge about every contraceptive method as high. Knowledge improved at S2 for all methods (aOR 3.2, 95% CI 2.0 to 5.0) and LARC (aOR 4.7, 95% CI 2.9 to 7.5). Overall method preference for LARC increased from 2.5% (n=4) at S1 to 51% (n=82) at S2. Likelihood of using a LARC increased at S2 (aOR 3.8, 95% CI 2.6 to 5.6). The overall proportion of participants using a LARC increased from 8% at S1 to 11% at S3; however, this increase was not significant (p=0.7).ConclusionsThe significant increase in knowledge, likelihood of use, and preference for LARC underscores the potential of online video-based contraceptive education to address contraceptive knowledge gaps and challenge misconceptions about LARC held by young women. Combining contraceptive education with supports to LARC access is crucial for empowering young CALD women to make informed contraceptive decisions.
Lack of association of impaired upper airway sensation with the presence or absence of obstructive sleep apnoea or chronic rhinosinusitis in World Trade Center responders
Authors: Sunderram Jag , Legard Alicia , De Resende Adriana , Black Kathleen , Udasin Iris G , Lu Shou-en , Romero Castillo Horacio , Ravi Sri Saranya , Mullins Anna E , de la Hoz Rafael E , Rapoport David M , Ayappa Indu 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveExamine sensory function of the upper airway in four groups of subjects recruited from the World Trade Centre General Responder Cohort (WTCGRC), with/without obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), and with/without chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).MethodsUpper airway sensory function was determined using 2-point discrimination (2-PD) and vibration threshold (VT) in 163 WTCGRC subjects with both OSA and CRS (cases), OSA or CRS alone and without OSA or CRS (controls). Presence of OSA was determined from clinical sleep studies or home sleep testing. Presence of CRS was determined by nasal symptom questionnaire. The relationship between the presence of OSA and CRS and upper airway sensory impairment was assessed using linear regression analysis with each of 2PD and VT sensory threshold values as the dependent variable; OSA, CRS and their interaction were the independent variables. Age, gender and body mass index were covariates in the statistical model. The primary analysis was comparison of OSA+CRS versus controls (no OSA and no CRS) evaluated by linear contrasts.ResultsThere were no differences in 2-PD or VT in those with OSA+CRS, OSA and CRS alone or controls. However, both 2-PD and VT were significantly higher in the WTCGRC controls compared with values seen in historical controls using the same methodology (median 2-PD 13.0; CI (11.0 to 13.5) vs 10.5; CI (8 to 11); VT: mean±SEM (9.3±0.6 vs 2.2±0.1)).ConclusionWhile no differences were found in upper airway sensation between cases of OSA and CRS versus controls in the WTGRC population, there was evidence of impaired upper airway sensation in the WTGRC overall.
PACMNET, V2, CoNEXT2, June 2024 Editorial
Authors: Mellia Marco , Steenkiste Peter , Tyson Gareth , Qazi Ihsan Ayyub 
Published: June 2024

The Proceedings of the ACM on Networking (PACMNET) series present the highest-quality research conducted in the areas of emerging computer networks and their applications. We encourage submissions that present new technologies, novel experimentation, creative use of networking technologies, and new insights made possible using analysis. The journal is strongly supported by the ACM Special Interest Group on Communications and Computer Networks (SIGCOMM) and involves top-level researchers in its Editorial Board.
This issue contains five articles submitted to the December'23 deadline, where we received more than 80 articles. Each article underwent a rigorous review process involving more than 80 Editors coordinated by the two Associate Editors. In the first phase of the review process, each article received at least three reviews. After an online discussion phase, about half of the articles were rejected, and half were promoted to the second review phase. There, the Editors provided at least two additional reviews for each article. After a second discussion phase, the Editors met online to decide which articles to accept after a minor revision, which to offer the authors a "oneshot-major" revision opportunity, and which to reject. Ten articles have been offered a one-shot major revision option and five have been accepted. These have been revised by their authors based on the extensive feedback provided by the Editors who checked the revised version after modifications. The issue covers topics related to computer networks and their applications: one article on network management introduces the usage of Large Language Models, one article focuses on video streaming, one article on Internet overlay network design, one article on LoRaWAN, and one article on Internet measurements of the emerging IPv6 infrastructure.
We want to thank the many individuals who contributed to this issue of PACMNET, in particular the authors, who submitted their best work to PACMNET, and the Associate Editors, who provided constructive feedback to the authors in their reviews, participated in the online discussions and the Editors' meeting. We would like to thank the SIGCOMM Executive Committee Chair and the CoNEXT Steering Committee members who supported and guided us as usual, giving important suggestions an insight during the article selection process.
GIST
: Generated Inputs Sets Transferability in Deep Learning
Authors: Tambon Florian , Khomh Foutse , Antoniol Giuliano 
Published: June 2024

To foster the verifiability and testability of deep neural networks (DNN), an increasing number of methods for test case generation techniques are being developed.
When confronted with testing DNN models, the user can apply any existing test generation technique. However, it needs to do so for each technique and each DNN model under test, which can be expensive. Therefore, a paradigm shift could benefit this testing process: rather than regenerating the test set independently for each DNN model under test, we could transfer from existing DNN models.
This article introduces Generated Inputs Sets Transferability (GIST), a novel approach for the efficient transfer of test sets. Given a property selected by a user (e.g., neurons covered, faults), GIST enables the selection of good test sets from the point of view of this property among available test sets. This allows the user to recover similar properties on the transferred test sets as he would have obtained by generating the test set from scratch with a test cases generation technique. Experimental results show that GIST can select effective test sets for the given property to transfer. Moreover, GIST scales better than reapplying test case generation techniques from scratch on DNN models under test.
Claudin-4 Modulates Autophagy via SLC1A5/LAT1 as a Mechanism to Regulate Micronuclei
Authors: Villagomez Fabian R. , Lang Julie , Rosario Fredrick J. , Nunez-Avellaneda Daniel , Webb Patricia , Neville Margaret , Woodruff Elizabeth R. , Bitler Benjamin G. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Genome instability is a hallmark of cancer crucial for tumor heterogeneity and is often a result of defects in cell division and DNA damage repair. Tumors tolerate genomic instability, but the accumulation of genetic aberrations is regulated to avoid catastrophic chromosomal alterations and cell death. In ovarian cancer tumors, claudin-4 is frequently upregulated and closely associated with genome instability and worse patient outcomes. However, its biological association with regulating genomic instability is poorly understood. Here, we used CRISPR interference and a claudin mimic peptide to modulate the claudin-4 expression and its function in vitro and in vivo. We found that claudin-4 promotes a tolerance mechanism for genomic instability through micronuclei generation in tumor cells. Disruption of claudin-4 increased autophagy and was associated with the engulfment of cytoplasm-localized DNA. Mechanistically, we observed that claudin-4 establishes a biological axis with the amino acid transporters SLC1A5 and LAT1, which regulate autophagy upstream of mTOR. Furthermore, the claudin-4/SLC1A5/LAT1 axis was linked to the transport of amino acids across the plasma membrane as one of the potential cellular processes that significantly decreased survival in ovarian cancer patients. Together, our results show that the upregulation of claudin-4 contributes to increasing the threshold of tolerance for genomic instability in ovarian tumor cells by limiting its accumulation through autophagy.

Significance:
Autophagy regulation via claudin-4/SLC1A5/LAT1 has the potential to be a targetable mechanism to interfere with genomic instability in ovarian tumor cells.
Keratitis Dendritik HSV Pada Ibu Menyusui : Laporan Kasus
Authors: Tanusantoso Gabriela , Avianty Astri , Herman  , Choliq Abdul 
Published: June 2024

Pendahuluan: Keratitis Herpes Simpleks merupakan penyebab kebutaan paling banyak di dunia. Infeksi HSV dapat terjadi sebagai infeksi primer maupun infeksi rekuren. Karakteristik khas keratitis dendritik adalah lesi dendritik.
Laporan kasus: Pasien ibu menyusui usia 33 tahun datang ke poliklinik mata RSD Gunung Jati dengan keluhan mata kiri merah, berair, gatal dan buram sejak 1 bulan sebelum masuk rumah sakit. Pada pemeriksaan didapatkan visus dasar mata kanan 6/12 PH 6/6, mata kiri 6/20 PH tetap. Pada pemeriksaan oftalmologi mata kiri didapatkan sensitabilitas kornea menurun di empat kuadran dan diberikan pewarnaan fluorescein didapatkan lesi dendritik. Kemudian pasien didiagnosa suspek refractive error OD dan keratitis dendritik HSV OS. Penatalaksanaan pada pasien ini diberikan terapi yaitu asiklovir salep mata 5xOS, prednisolon tetes mata 6xOS, dan asiklovir 5x400mg. 2 minggu kemudian pasien disarankan untuk kontrol sudah mengalami perbaikan dan tidak ada komplikasi.
Diskusi: Keratitis HSV primer biasanya self-limiting disease, meskipun dengan terapi antivirus dapat mempersingkat perjalanan penyakit dan mengurangi komplikasi jangka panjang HSV. Kondisi malnutrisi dan anemia yang diperberat oleh menyusui dapat memperburuk sistem imun karena dapat menyebabkan rekurensi keratitis HSV.
Kesimpulan: Pengobatan dengan antiviral, nutrisi yang adekuat, dan imunitas yang baik, disertai edukasi pasien merupakan bentuk pencegahan terhadap rekurensi dan komplikasi keratitis HSV.