bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symptomatic Fat Necrosis and Lipoatrophy of the Posterior Pelvis Following Trauma
Authors: Crawford Eileen A. , King Joseph J. , Fox Edward J. , Ogilvie Christian M. 
Published: August 2009

Posttraumatic fat necrosis and lipoatrophy can occur in the subcutaneous fat following falls, blunt injury, surgery, and minor procedures or injections. While these processes have no inherent serious medical consequences, they occasionally require treatment due to severe or concerning symptoms.
Three patients (all women; average age, 47 years) who sustained blunt trauma to the pelvis and were diagnosed with posttraumatic fat necrosis or lipoatrophy were retrospectively identified from our orthopedic oncology records. All patients recalled blunt trauma to the posterior pelvis just prior to symptom onset; 2 patients fell down stairs and 1 fell from a bed. Chief symptoms were a painful mass, a painless mass, and chronic pain in the injured area. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed atrophy of the subcutaneous fat in all cases and a small mass in 1 patient. A bright linear signal was seen on T2-weighted, fat-saturated images in 2 cases, likely representing scar tissue. One patient with chronic pain underwent surgery to provide better soft tissue coverage in the area of atrophic fat. The other 2 patients did not undergo surgical treatment: 1 was treated at a pain center for reflex sympathetic dystropy–type pain, and 1 remained pain free.
Blunt trauma with subsequent fat atrophy and necrosis manifests as a mass, a subcutaneous fat defect, and even as chronic pain. Characteristic MRI findings are often sufficient for diagnosis, but any indeterminate masses should be further evaluated to rule out aggressive or malignant neoplasms. Chronic unrelenting pain despite treatment may be related to posttraumatic reflex sympathetic dystropy–like symptoms.
Pseudoaneurysm of the Popliteal Artery Complicating Medial Opening Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy
Authors: Shenoy Pritom Mohan , Oh Hyung Keun , Choi Jun Young , Yoo Si Hoon , Han Seung Beom , Yoon Jung Ro , Koo Ja Sung , Nha Kyung Wook 
Published: August 2009

The popliteal artery is vulnerable to injury during surgeries performed around the knee joint. Pseudoaneurysm of the popliteal artery following a high tibial osteotomy is rare. Few case reports describe the development of this complication after a lateral closing wedge high tibial osteotomy.
Our patient underwent an uneventful medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy and autogenous bone grafting fixed with dual plating for medial osteoarthritis of the knee. The procedure was performed under tourniquet control, which was released only once after the wound closure. Postoperatively, the dressing was soaked, and a large volume of hemorrhagic collection was present in the suction drain. The patient experienced decreased sensation over the sole, which was successfully treated conservatively with medication. Other clinical parameters like motor function and distal pulses were normal. The patient was discharged after 2 weeks. Two days later, the patient presented with pain and numbness over the entire lower limb and a pulsatile swelling in the popliteal fossa. A femoral angiogram revealed a pseudoaneurysm arising from the popliteal artery just below the osteotomy site. Open vascular surgery with resection of the pseudoaneurysm and end-to-end anastomosis using contralateral saphenous vein interposition graft was performed. During the vascular surgery, a pinhead-sized tear was clearly identified on the anterior wall of the popliteal artery, which may have occurred while using the oscillating saw during opening wedge high tibial osteotomy. Careful placement of retractors around the osteotomy site during sawing and flexing the knee to displace the popliteal artery away are recommended to prevent this complication. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a popliteal artery pseudoaneurysm occurring after a medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy.
Scaphoid Nonunion in Break-Dancers: A Report of 3 Cases
Authors: Cho Chul-Hyun , Song Kwang-Soon , Min Byung-Woo , Bae Ki-Cheor , Lee Kyung-Jae , Kim Sang-Hyon 
Published: August 2009

Most injuries resulting from break-dancing are minor, such as sprains and strains, but there is great potential for dance participants to sustain severe and life-threatening conditions, such as cervical cord injuries. Break-dancing carries many of the risks of conventional dance and gymnastics, but unlike those forms of activity, it is usually performed without trained supervision, as is supplied by coaches in other sports. The pleasure of break-dancing carries with it the responsibility of proper and thorough preparation. It is essential that break-dancers wear protective devices and perform proper warm-up and cool-down exercises.
Break-dancing has become a popular youth subculture. Its complex acrobatic moves, such as splits, handstands, spins, and tumbling, have important medical implications. We report 3 cases of scaphoid nonunion in a break-dancer, the first such report in the English literature to our knowledge. Accordingly, we believe that the clinician must inquire more thoroughly into the nature of patients' activities that result in both unusual and common injuries and educate those who are break-dancers about the hazards of this activity. Careful screening, instruction, and coaching of break-dancers will help prevent injuries.
Acute Isolated Lateral Compartment Syndrome of the Leg After a Noncontact Sports Injury
Authors: Rehman Saqib , Joglekar Siddharth B. 
Published: August 2009

Compartment syndrome of the leg typically affects the anterior compartment or multiple compartments and can be traumatic or exertional (chronic) in nature. Isolated lateral (peroneal) compartment syndrome of the leg is a less typical and lesser-known condition that can potentially escape diagnosis if not considered in the workup of a painful leg.
This article presents a case of isolated lateral compartment syndrome of the leg without gross muscle rupture or hematoma. The patient presented 21 hours after injury while playing soccer. Isolated lateral compartment syndrome was diagnosed based on history, physical examination, and a compartment pressure measurement of 130 mm Hg. Emergent surgical decompressive fasciotomy was performed. The peroneal longus and brevis muscle tissue was not lost. Superficial peroneal nerve sensation, which was initially impaired, was recovered at 1 month postoperatively. The patient recovered and was able to participate in sports again by 2 months postoperatively.
Comparison of LASIK with the OPDCAT or OATz Algorithm Using the NIDEK EC-5000CXII Excimer Laser
Authors: Hori-Komai Yoshiko , Toda Ikuko , Yamamoto Takahiro , Tsubota Kazuo 
Published: August 2009

Purpose:
To compare refractive outcomes, higher order aberrations, visual quality, and patient satisfaction between aspheric and whole-eye wavefront aspheric LASIK algorithms.

Methods:

Two hundred seventy-four eyes of 152 patients undergoing LASIK for myopia and myopic astigmatism were divided into two groups: eyes that underwent treatment using either the OPD-guided customized aspheric treatment (OPDCAT) or optimized aspheric treatment zone (OATz). Both groups were subdivided into two groups based on preoperative manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) <−6.00 diopters (D) and eyes with MRSE ≥−6.00 D. Both groups were additionally subdivided into eyes with preoperative ocular higher order aberrations <0.40
μ
m and eyes with higher order aberrations ≥0.40
μ
m. A
P
value <.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

At 3 months postoperatively, 88.3% (242/274) of eyes were available for follow-up. Postoperatively, 91.4% of eyes in the OPDCAT group and 90.6% of eyes in the OATz group were within 0.50 D. No difference in refractive outcomes and patient satisfaction among groups or subgroups was noted (
P
>.05). A significantly less change in asphericity (less oblate) was noted for the OPDCAT group (0.31±0.30) compared with the OATz group (0.51±0.35) (
P
<.05). A lower induction of aberrations in the OPDCAT group compared with the OATz group was noted (
P
<.05). Mesopic contrast sensitivity was significantly higher for the OPDCAT groups and subgroups (
P
<.05).

Conclusions:
Refractive outcomes between groups or subgroups were equivalent. A significantly lower induction of higher order aberrations and less change in asphericity in the OPDCAT group was noted. The OPD-CAT algorithm was more likely to maintain mesopic contrast sensitivity.
The use of electrical conductivity mapping in the definition of an aquifer vulnerability index
Authors: Kirsch Reinhard , Sengpiel Klaus‐Peter , Voss Wolfgang 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTThere is an increasing demand for vulnerability maps which show the degree of exposure of aquifers against pollution. Parameters shown in these maps are generally cation exchange capacity or clay content of the near surface layers, or quantities related to the infiltration time of surface water. Instead of determining these parameters by means of drillings and geological investigation, we propose the use of geophysical techniques for vulnerability mapping and for the interpolation between drillings. A geophysical quantity which is closely related to these parameters is the electrical conductivity. In this paper the relation between clay content and electrical conductivity is shown and used for vulnerability mapping. It is demonstrated that ground and airborne electromagnetic (EM) techniques are suited for large scale data acquisition.
MCS data processing for the interpretation of ancient ice sheet movements
Authors: Stucchi E. 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTThe paper deals with the analysis and reprocessing of data from a 30‐km section of the IT88A‐01 seismic line acquired in the Ross Sea Basin during the Italian 1988 PNRA project (National Program for Antarctic Research). The purpose of this study was to achieve an improved data quality for a better geophysical and geological interpretation of the area. Field data were subjected to a processing sequence aimed at enhancing the S/N ratio and at recovering reliable acoustic impedances. Acoustic impedance recovery calls for the estimation of both the velocity field and the pseudo‐acoustic impedance in the wavelet frequency band. At the end of the study, a time‐migrated stack section and a time impedance map were produced. The migrated section shows, quite clearly, an event previously hidden by a strong sea‐bottom multiple; furthermore reflections that can be related to proximal debris left by ice expansion and regression are now visible. The impedance map shows impedance inversion along the whole length of the processed section, possibly denoting different sedimentary conditions due to ice‐sheet loading and unloading in the Ross Sea.The processing sequence described and the recovery of the absolute acoustic impedance as outlined here could be adopted to determine, by means of seismic reflection, the position and movement of the ice sheet in the remote past.
Time‐frequency representation of strong‐motion records for damage appraisal: examples from the Düzce earthquake (Turkey)
Authors: Basokur Ahmet T. , Dikmen Unal , Tokgoz O. Engin 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTThe Düzce (Turkey) earthquake, which struck on 12th November 1999, caused serious damage and loss of life in the town of Düzce, 8 km from the Düzce fault. However, the strong‐motion records indicate that the peak acceleration values were almost twice as high in the town of Bolu, 34 km from the epicentre, compared with those in Düzce. In the earthquake‐affected region, the peak acceleration values are not well correlated with the damage to buildings. For this reason, the use of Fourier spectra leads to some confusion when comparing the quality of the civil engineering work carried out in Düzce and in Bolu. Fourier spectra provide a complete description of amplitudes versus frequency, but they do not contain information about the dynamic characteristics of waveforms. This difficulty may be overcome by considering the time‐duration effect of an earthquake, which is the main cause of damage to buildings. The Stockwell transform of acceleration records offers a means of representing the variation of spectral components with time. This makes possible an unambiguous visualization of the time‐duration effect of an earthquake and consequently an easy correlation of strong‐motion records with damage to structures.
Experiments of joint acquisition of seismic refraction and surface wave data
Authors: Foti Sebastiano , Sambuelli Luigi , Socco Valentina L. , Strobbia Claudio 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTDispersive Rayleigh waves, contained in conventional P‐wave refraction records, can be used to determine the shear‐wave velocity profile. In the present paper, the synergies of a cross interpretation of refraction and surface wave data are exploited using data collected at sites where other geotechnical and geophysical information was available.Selected examples are presented to emphasize the relative advantages and limitations of the two techniques in the cases of hidden layer, velocity inversions and shallow water table.Surface wave analysis was performed to estimate the experimental dispersion curves in thef–kdomain and the results of the dispersion curves inversion were compared with refraction results in terms of velocity profiles.The experimental results prove that many advantages, in terms of resolution and reliability, can be obtained with joint acquisition and cross interpretation of P‐wave refraction and surface wave data, without a significant increase in testing time.
Improving the resolution of shallow seismic sections using eigenimage analysis
Authors: Shtivelman Vladimir 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTThe basic limitation of geophysical techniques used for imaging various shallow localized subsurface inhomogeneities is their spatial resolution, that is, the ability of the methods to detect small‐scale objects. This is especially true for low‐resolution techniques, such as recently developed methods using seismic surface waves. The objective of this work is to improve the spatial resolution and to enhance the detectability of small‐scale objects on seismic sections. For this purpose, a method of eigenimage analysis, based on singular value decomposition of seismic sections, was used. The method effectively separates events with different horizontal coherence. Since shallow subsurface inhomogeneities are characterized by poor horizontal coherence on seismic sections, such a separation can serve as a tool for detecting the inhomogeneous areas in the subsurface.Application of the method to synthetic and real seismic data shows that it can significantly improve the spatial resolution of the subsurface imaging.
Realistic modelling of surface ground‐penetrating radar antenna systems: where do we stand?
Authors: Holliger Klaus , Lampe Bernhard , Meier Ueli , Lambert Marc 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTThe generation and recording of electromagnetic waves by ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) systems are complex phenomena. To investigate the characteristics of typical surface GPR antennae operating in realistic environments, we have developed an antenna simulation tool based on a finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) approximation of Maxwell’s equations in 3D Cartesian coordinates. The accuracy of the algorithm is validated with respect to laboratory measurements for comparable antenna systems. Numerically efficient and accurate modelling of small antenna structures and high permittivity materials is achieved through a grid‐refinement procedure. We simulate the radiation characteristics of a wide range of common surface GPR antenna types ranging from thin‐wire antennae to bow‐tie antennae with arbitrary flare angles based on the assumption of perfect electrical conductivity (PEC) of the metal parts. Due to the modular structure of the algorithm, additional planar antenna designs can readily be added. Shielding is achieved by placing a metal box immediately above the antenna. To enhance the damping effects, this metal box can be filled with a dielectric absorber and/or connected to the antenna panels through discrete resistors. Finally, we also consider the effects of continuous resistive loading of the antenna panels using a sub‐cell algorithm. We find that GPR antennae with Wu–King‐type resistivity profiles radiate compact, broadband pulses and, as opposed to PEC antennae, are largely insensitive to their operating environment. Unfortunately, these favourable radiation characteristics are accompanied by a dramatic loss in radiation efficiency compared to the corresponding PEC antennae.
Geophysical investigation of antique iron furnaces: insights from modelling magnetic and VLF data
Authors: Darnet Mathieu , Sailhac Pascal , Marquis Guy 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTMagnetic and very low frequency electromagnetics (VLF) surveys at an Antique iron mine near Saales (France) revealed several large magnetic anomalies (of the order of a few hundred nT), strong electrical conductivity contrasts (10–1000 Ωm) and out‐of‐quadrant VLF phases (φ >90°).To define both the location and the vertical extent of the underground artefacts, we interpret our magnetic data with Euler deconvolution and a 2D wavelet transform that combines maps of the total field and its gradient. We also explain out‐of‐quadrant VLF phases using simple 3D EM forward modelling. A joint interpretation of magnetic, VLF and topography data enables us to locate iron‐ore exploitation trenches, Antique iron furnaces and their surrounding slags at depths between 1 and 3 m, in good agreement with results obtained during a recent road construction.
Geophysical study of the industrial waste land in Mortagne‐du‐Nord (France) using electrical resistivity
Authors: Guérin Roger , Bégassat Philippe , Benderitter Yves , David Jacques , Tabbagh Alain , Thiry Médard 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTThe industrial waste land in Mortagne‐du‐Nord (France) has been the site of a zinc smelter unit and a lead smelter unit linked to sulphuric acid production. It has been systematically explored by drillings and pits. Geophysical data have led to the location of mineralized soil and water, and to the identification of water seepage towards the river drain. Various geophysical devices are used for subsurface exploration and for studies with higher spatial resolution. The prospect area covers a surface of 4.5 ha. Data obtained from trenches has been used to calibrate and to validate the geophysical interpretation. It has been found that variations in the depth of the interface between resistive and conductive layers are due to two types of waste: ‘non‐active’ (carbonates and oxides) and ‘active’ (sulphides and sulphates) materials. Lower resistivities than expected are due to the presence of mineralized water in all geological formations.
On the correspondence between resistivity and texture of loose sediments, saturated with salt water
Authors: Abu‐Zeid N. , Santarato G. 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTElectrical resistivity tomography (ERT) has been applied to characterize coastal aquifers heavily affected by the problem of groundwater salinization. With the help of a number of resistivity data sets and control boreholes, separate resistivity ranges were related to sand‐grained sediments, saturated with salt water, and fine‐grained sediments, silts and clays, deposited in a sub‐marine environment.Frequency‐domain electromagnetic soundings (FDEM) were then used to map the spatial resistivity variations in a selected site of the study area. One‐dimensional inversion of FDEM real and imaginary parts provided a quantitative resistivity–depth model that was consistent with the ERT model section and direct borehole observations. The successful application of the FDEM technique supports its use for mapping shallow fluid pathways of salt‐water intrusion over large areas.
Lithological interpretation of the spectral dielectric properties of limestone
Authors: Fechner T. , Börner F.D. , Richter T. , Yaramanci U. , Weihnacht B. 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTLimestone is a raw material used in the building and chemical industries. To guarantee good quality, it is important to investigate the limestone before mining to get information about the lithology and the mineral content. The chemical properties of rock cannot be measured directly by geophysical methods. Therefore extensive laboratory work was carried out to find relationships between the chemical, mineralogical, petrophysical and spectral dielectric properties of artificially mixed and natural limestone rock samples. A comprehensive interpretation is possible by using a complex dielectric parameter model. An interpretation scheme was developed. It is based on the fact that the specific internal surface area and the water saturation have the most influence on the spectral properties of rock at constant water salinities. These results were applied to field data measured with a borehole radar system. In order to interpret the field data directly using the results of the laboratory investigations, a new spectral interpretation method was developed. The method is focused on in‐hole and cross‐hole measurements with one receiving and one transmitting antenna. It was shown that all impurities causing an increase in the specific internal surface area compared to that of pure limestone could be detected by spectral dielectric measurements.
Surface‐wave method for near‐surface characterization: a tutorial
Authors: Socco L.V. , Strobbia C. 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTSurface‐wave methods (SWMs) are very powerful tools for the near‐surface characterization of sites. They can be used to determine the shear‐wave velocity and the damping ratio overcoming, in some cases, the limitations of other shallow seismic techniques.The different steps of SWM have to be optimized, taking into consideration the conditions imposed by the small scale of engineering problems. This only allows the acquisition of apparent dispersion characteristics: i.e. the high frequencies and short distances involved make robust modelling algorithms necessary in order to take modal superposition into account.The acquisition has to be properly planned to obtain quality data over an adequate frequency range. Processing and inversion should enable the interpretation of the apparent dispersion characteristics, i.e. evaluating the local quality of the data, filtering coherent noise due to other seismic events and determining energy distribution, higher modes and attenuation.The different approaches that are used to estimate and interpret the dispersion characteristics are considered. Their potential and limits with regard to sensitivity to noise, reliability and capability of extracting significant information present in surface waves are discussed. The theory and modelling algorithms, and the acquisition, processing and inversion procedures suitable for providing stiffness and damping ratio profiles are illustrated, with particular attention to reliability and resolution.