bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In silico Estimates of Tissue Components in Surgical Samples Based on Expression Profiling Data
Authors: Wang Yipeng , Xia Xiao-Qin , Jia Zhenyu , Sawyers Anne , Yao Huazhen , Wang-Rodriquez Jessica , Mercola Dan , McClelland Michael 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Tissue samples from many diseases have been used for gene expression profiling studies, but these samples often vary widely in the cell types they contain. Such variation could confound efforts to correlate expression with clinical parameters. In principle, the proportion of each major tissue component can be estimated from the profiling data and used to triage samples before studying correlations with disease parameters. Four large gene expression microarray data sets from prostate cancer, whose tissue components were estimated by pathologists, were used to test the performance of multivariate linear regression models for in silico prediction of major tissue components. Ten-fold cross-validation within each data set yielded average differences between the pathologists' predictions and the in silico predictions of 8% to 14% for the tumor component and 13% to 17% for the stroma component. Across independent data sets that used similar platforms and fresh frozen samples, the average differences were 11% to 12% for tumor and 12% to 17% for stroma. When the models were applied to 219 arrays of “tumor-enriched” samples in the literature, almost one quarter were predicted to have 30% or less tumor cells. Furthermore, there was a 10.5% difference in the average predicted tumor content between 37 recurrent and 42 nonrecurrent cancer patients. As a result, genes that correlated with tissue percentage generally also correlated with recurrence. If such a correlation is not desired, then some samples might be removed to rebalance the data set or tissue percentages might be incorporated into the prediction algorithm. A web service, “CellPred,” has been designed for the in silico prediction of sample tissue components based on expression data. Cancer Res; 70(16); 6448–55. ©2010 AACR.
Optimization of Zry-2 for High Burnups
Authors: Garzarolli F. , Cox B. , Rudling P. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Two major high burnup boiling water reactor (BWR) issues today are (1) shadow corrosion (hydrogen) induced fuel channel bowing and (2) accelerated hydrogen pickup fraction, HPUF of fuel claddings. Both these issues occur only at high burnups. Several factors impact the tendency for fuel channel bowing, the most recent one that is responsible for the current issue of difficulties to insert control rods is due to differences in hydrogen pickup of the different facing surfaces of the fuel channel. Accelerated HPUF of fuel cladding at high burnups may result in reducing fuel clad integrity during reactivity initiated accidents and cask drop accident during dry storage conditions. Some fuel vendors are now shifting from Zry-2 to Zry-4 in structural components to mitigate the fuel channel bowing issue. All BWR fuel vendors are also looking into new alloys (other than Zry-2 and Zry-4) for structural materials. However, one should keep in mind that it is imperative that a mechanistic understanding of the accelerated HPUF is developed to understand the accelerated HPUF tendency in Zry-2. Without such an understanding, it is not possible to rule out that accelerated HPUF can occur also for the new alloys under certain in-pile conditions. This paper summarizes the state of knowledge on the accelerated HPUF and provides suggestions on (1) the mechanism responsible for the accelerated HPUF of Zry-2 at high burnups and (2) how the currently used Zry-2 material for fuel rods and structural materials in BWRs can be modified to delay the accelerated HPUF at high burnups.
Lipid bilayer standing wave conformations in aqueous cubic phases
Authors: Jacob M. , Larsson K. , Andersson S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCertain lipid bilayers in water adapt cubic conformations of hyperbolic geometry, like periodic minimal- or nodal surfaces, and these can be dispersed into particles called cubosomes. The hyperbolic geometry requires a wide span of molecular conformations in this packing environment, and a high degree of mobility in the bilayers is therefore likely in order to provide the packing equilibrium between molecules at the flat points and those at the necks. It is here proposed that the lipid bilayers form standing waves, with the middle of the bilayers represented by the corresponding nodal surface. Transversal vibrations result in a vibration mode and longitudinal in a breathing mode, both of them being more emphasised at the flat points. The standing wave description is extended to cubosome particles, and as examples cubosomes with D-surface internal structure and tetrahedral external boundaries are presented.
Inheritance of Branched Inflorescence and Vestigial Flower in Alfalfa, Medicago sativa, L1
Authors: Dudley J. W. , Wilsie C. P. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisFour F2 families segregated for normal and branched racemes in ratios approaching 9:7, 10:1, and 3:1; backcross ratios were 3:5, 2.7:1, and 1:1. F2 families segregated for normal and vestigial flowers in ratios of 9:7, 3:1, 2.7:1, and 2.4:1; backcross ratios were 3:5, 1:1, 5:3, and 7:9. Tetra‐disomic inheritance is proposed, assuming 2 complementary genes for each normal character.
Wetting Ability of Aqueous Herbicidal Sprays as a Factor Influencing Stands of Alfalfa Seedlings1
Authors: Dorschner K. P. , Buchholtz K. P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWetting ability of an herbicidal solution was found to be a significant factor in determining the toxicity of preparations and rates of any one compound, but was of minor importance in explaining differences in toxicity between chemicals. 2,4‐D was the most toxic, followed by 2,4,5‐T, MCP, 3,4‐D, and 2,5‐D in that descending order. Artificial shading indicated that light available to alfalfa seedings in oats‐ was important in maintaining alfalfa stand. Shading increased the wettability of alfalfa leaves and presumably increased the toxicity of herbicides applied.
Some Effects of Moisture, Nitrogen Fertilizer, and Clipping On Yield and Botanical Composition of Ladino Clover‐Orchardgrass Pasture Under Irrigation1
Authors: Nelson C. E. , Robins J. S. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisOn Ephrata fine sandy loam, greater acre yields were obtained from mid‐summer irrigation at 7‐ to 11‐day frequency and 12‐inch clipping height than at longer frequency and less height. Clover percentage was highest under most frequent treatments. Clipping height did not affect botanical composition. Third‐year results showed greatest total yield from 100 lbs. N per acre applied in equal increments in April, June, and August.
Performance of Corn Synthetics in Advanced Generations of Synthesis and after Two Cycles of Recurrent Selection1
Authors: Lonnquist J. H. , McGill D. P. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisYields of 4 second cycle synthetics averaged 96% of hybrid U.S. 13 as check compared with 82% for the first cycle populations. Moisture at harvest averaged 105% and 103% of check for the second and first cycle synthetics. This improved performance indicates that the method might benefit areas where production of corn hybrids is not yet feasible, or where a stop‐gap procedure is needed during development of suitable hybrids.
Biometrical Studies of Yield in Segregating Populations of Korean Lespedeza1
Authors: Hanson C. H. , Robinson H. F. , Comstock R. E. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisStudies of 3 populations of F2 families in the F3 and F4 generations grown at 2 locations revealed the following factors: genotype year interactions relatively large; seed yield generally more heritable than total yield; heritability of vigor lower for scores on July 1 than those on Aug. 15; and exceptionally low genetic coefficient of variation and heritability of vigor scores for the population segregating for procumbency.
Some Effects of Foliar Applications of Maleic Hydrazide on Guineagrass1
Authors: Silva Servando , Vicente Jose 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisFour pounds per acre of maleic hydrazide stopped growth of 40‐day old Guineagrass for about 20 days immediately following the spray application. After 20 days, the grass resumed its normal growth rate. When grass was cut a few days after spraying, growth was greatly curtailed for at least 60 days. Forty days after application, the grass had considerably higher protein content than untreated grass of the same age. Foliar application of urea when growth was stopped by maleic hydrazide significantly increased the crude protein content 10 days after application. Only traces of soluble N were found in the samples.
Influence of Population and Nitrogen Levels on Yield and Protein and Oil Contents of Nine Corn Hybrids1
Authors: Lang A. L. , Pendleton J. W. , Dungan G. H. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisProtein and oil content of grain was found to decrease with higher plant populations and lower N levels. Of yield components, ears per 100 plants was influenced most by varying populations and fertility levels. The 9 single‐cross hybrids tested showed different yield responses to N levels and populations.
Inheritance of Combining Ability for Forage Traits in Bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss)1
Authors: Grissom D. B. , Kalton R. R. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisTopcross progeny evaluations of 18 S0 clones of bromegrass and 10 S1 selections from each in solid seedings indicated that combining ability is heritable and that segregation for combining ability occurs upon selfing. S0 clones averaged significantly higher than their S1 progenies in mean combining ability for forage yield and leaf disease score. Previous evaluations of parental material in spaced and wide‐row plantings were of little value for predicting combining ability as measured by topcross performance in solid seedings. S1 progenies showing most inbreeding depression and yielding least tended to give best topcross yields.
The Effect of Nitrogen Rate and Clipping Frequency upon the Yield, Protein Content and Certain Morphological Characteristics of Coastal Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon, (L) Pers.)1
Authors: Prine Gordon M. , Burton Glenn W. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisIncreasing the nitrogen rate from 0 to 900 pounds per acre annually increased hay yield, protein percentage, protein yield, stem length, leaf length, internode length and internode number in Coastal Bermudagrass, but decreased leaf percentage, seed‐head frequency, and percentage nitrogen recovery. Increasing the clipping interval from 1 to 8 weeks increased hay yield, stem length, leaf length, plant height, seed‐head frequency, internode length, and internode number, had little effect on protein yield and percentage nitrogen recovery, and decreased the protein percentage and leaf percentage of this grass.
Response of Corn to Within‐row Competition1
Authors: Haynes J. L. , Sayre J. D. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisIn rows 81/2 feet apart, highest ear corn yields occurred at closer within‐row spacings than those which usually give maximum yields at closer between‐row spacings. Differences in within‐row spacings from 1 to 4 inches had little effect on total plant weight per acre, but the closer spacings within this range increased the stover: ear ratio. Root pattern of individual plants changed from circular to oblong at within‐row spacings below 8 inches.
Effects of Thermal Neutrons on Dormant Seeds of Sorghum vulgare Per1
Authors: Kaukis Karl , Webster O. J. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisStudies on sorghum seed irradiated with X‐rays and thermal neutrons produced the following general results: The height of seedlings from irradiated seed was reduced with increases in dosage. Plants grown from irradiated seed exhibited depressed stature. All radiation dosages delayed the anthesis and shortened the blooming period. The average sterility ranged from 12.5 to 75.8% in the lowest and the highest radiation doses, respectively. The corresponding averages of number of bridges per cell were 0.2 and 1.53 and frequencies of seedling mutants 2.7 and 7.3%. Estimates for biological equivalence of thermal neutrons to 1 r of X radiation were obtained.
Scissor Emasculation of Wheat and Barley1
Authors: Wells D. G. , Caffey H. R. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisClipping barley and wheat florets just below the anther tips with scissors several days before normal dehiscense proved to be an efficient and effective new emasculation procedure. The green anther bases were not removed from the clipped florets. Bulk pollination 3 days after scissor emasculation produced good seed sets. Emasculation by clipping the florets across the anther bases too severely pruned the pistils of wheat for seeds to form after bulk pollination but had little apparent effect on barley. Clipping florets above the anthers was not an effective emasculation procedure.
The Value of Forage Species and Mixtures for Fattening Steers1
Authors: Blaser R. E. , Hammes R. C. , Bryant H. T. , Kincaid C. M. , Skrdla W. H. , Taylor T. H. , Griffeth W. L. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisData from 6 growing seasons show the following general comparisons: less gains from tall fescue‐clover than from other mixtures; less daily gains from grasses alone fertilized with N than from Ladino mixture with no N; less gains from tall fescue alone with N and in Ladino mixture than from orchardgrass in these same treatments; lowest carrying capacity and lowest live weight gains per acre from orchardgrass ‐ lespedeza ‐white clover; higher gains per acre from orchardgrass and tall fescue fertilized with N than from the same grasses in Ladino mixture with no N; highest carrying capacity from tall fescue fertilized with N.
A Comparison of the Chromogen and Clipping Methods for Determining the Consumption of Dry Matter and Total Digestible Nutrients by Beef Steers on Alfalfa Pasture1
Authors: Peterson Maurice L. , Lofgreen G. P. , Meyers J. H. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisThe chromogen and clipping methods for determining the consumption of dry matter and total digestible nutrients by beef steers on alfalfa pasture were compared using rotational and strip‐grazing systems. Forage was utilized 71.0 and 76.2% with the respective grazing systems. The clipping method estimated dry matter and TDN 40 and 44% greater than did the chromogen method. These methods, however, provided almost identical results in comparing the two grazing systems. The clipping system was concluded to be satisfactory for preliminary pasture evaluation but actual grazing data would be necessary for final interpretation. Strip grazing probably did not justify the extra labor.
Response of Alfalfa Varieties to Temperatures and Daylengths1
Authors: Schonhorst M. H. , Davis R. L. , Carter A. S. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisTen varieties and a mixture of alfalfa were grown at 60°, 70°, and 80° F. at 8‐, 12‐, and 16‐hour daylengths for each temperature. Growth responses measured in cm. showed the greatest height differences at 60° F. and 12‐hour daylength. At this temperature, the varieties and mixtures could be divided into three groups according to the magnitude of the variances. Varieties within each group were significantly different in height from varieties in other groups.
A Single Gene‐Pair Controlling Segregation for European Corn Borer Resistance1
Authors: Penny L. H. , Dicke F. F. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisRatings of leaf feeding of the European corn borer on plants in F2 and backcross progenies from two susceptible × resistant corn crosses indicated that resistance differences were conditioned by segregation of genes at a single locus. The resistance gene was linked with the gl7 and V17 genes of the resistant parent with cross‐over frequencies estimated at from 31% to 37%.
Identification of Chromosomes Carrying Genes for Stem Rust Resistance in Four Varieties of Wheat1
Authors: Sears E. R. , Loegering W. Q. , Rodenhiser H. A. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisLines of wheat that represent chromosome substitutions into Chinese from Hope, Thatcher, Red Egyptian, and Timstein, have been tested for resistance to a number of cultures of stem lust. Chromosomes VII and XVII from Hopt; III, XIII, and XIX from Thatcher; VI, XIII, and XX From Red Egyptian; X from Timstein; and XI from Chinese carry genes for resistance to one or more of the cultures.
Effect of Flowering on the Persistence of White Clover1
Authors: Gibson Pryce B. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisPersistence and flowering of white clover were studied under normal daylight and daylight extended by use of lights. The relative lack of persistence of profuse‐flowering white clover which occurred in some strains under normal daylight and was induced in other strains by the extended daylight indicated that flowering reduced persistence. The flowering and persistence of Ladino from seed produced at different latitudes for several generations were different under the extended daylight.
Methods for Determining Natural Areas for Oat Varietal Recommendations1
Authors: Horner T. W. , Frey K. J. 
Published: July 2010

SypnosisSubstantial reduction of the variety‐location interaction affecting genotypic progress resulted from proper subdivision of Iowa into subregions, following a procedure described herein. For example, optimum subdivision into four parts resulted in a reduction of 30%. Implications with respect to a breeding program were briefly discussed. The data involved 9 locations, 5 years and oat varieties previously selected for wide adaptability.
Estimates of Cost and Optimum Plot Size and Shape for Measuring Yield and Chemical Characters in Soybeans1
Authors: Weber Charles R. , Horner Theodore W. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisSeed yield was 6 to 28 times more variable than chemical characters (oil, protein, iodine number). Use of incomplete block designs and other considerations justified long, narrow plots. Total cost (in hours) was 39.0% for obtaining yield and 61.0% for chemical attributes. Optimum plot size, apportioning cost among characters, was 3.2 times the basic unit ( 8 × 2 feet). Yield required 33, 50 and 700 times more replication than oil, protein and iodine number for comparable precision.
Reaction of Inbred Lines of Corn to Helminthosporium turcicum Pass. in Different Seasons1
Authors: Jenkins Merle T. , Robert Alice L. , Findley William R. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisFifty‐eight inbred lines of corn were compared under heavy epidemics of Helminthosporium turcicum leaf blight for 6 seasons. There were highly significant differences among the lines and among the seasons. The variance for lines × seasons interaction also was highly significant but small and of minor importance. Some lines were highly resistant in all seasons, indicating the possibility of developing inbred lines with sufficient resistance to afford adequate protection to this disease under most conditions.
The Use of Antibiotics in the Making of Silage1
Authors: Dexter S. T. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisChopped alfalfa was treated with several antibiotics in concentration of from 1 to 200 parts per million before being ensiled in containers ranging from one quart to 40 tons capacity. In the first year, the initiation of fermentation was greatly delayed by antibiotic treatment, with ultimately much improved silage resulting; in 1955 and 1956, no differences between treated and untreated silages were observed.
Effect of Lodging on Yield, Test Weight, and Other Seed Characteristics of Spring Barley Grown Under Flood Irrigation as a Winter Annual1
Authors: Day A. D. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisThe grain yield, test weight, and weight per 1,000 seeds were decreased as a result of 90° lodging treatments of irrigated spring barley grown as a winter annual. Lodging treatments of 45° and 90° resulted in a decrease in the percentage of plump kernels and the grain color score. The percentage of thin kernels was increased as a result of 90° lodging treatments.
Chemical Defoliation of Cotton VII. Effectiveness of Adjuvants Under Several Specific Plant and Environmental Conditions1
Authors: Brown Lamar C. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisThe use of adjuvants with chemical defoliants increased the amount of leaf fall and rapidity of defoliation under limiting conditions such as wilted, toughened and inactive leaves, immature leaves and bolls, low temperatures, and conditions due to excessive applications of nitrogen. Under conditions considered favorable for defoliation, the use of adjuvants with chemical defoliants hastened leaf fall but no significant increase in total leaf fall was evident. The use of adjuvants with chemical defoliants did not retard defoliation.
The Use of Pre‐Harvest Sprays as an Aid in Field Drying Corn1
Authors: Crane Paul L. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisIn experiments conducted in 3 years, spraying nearly mature corn with endothal did not increase significantly the rate of moisture loss. Hand defoliation showed only temporary effects in 1955, whereas a small but statistically signifiant difference was indicated in 1956. No interaction was found between hybrids with inherently different rates of drying and treatments used.
Measuring Palatability Differences in Tall Fescue by Grazing Sheep1
Authors: Petersen R. G. , Weswig P. H. , Cowan J. R. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisConsistent differences in apparent palatability among 20 genotypes of tall fescue were demonstrated by observing the behavior of a number of sheep grazing a replicated small‐plot nursery. This observational technique was found to be preferred to clipping a sample of forage before and after grazing and estimating palatability by difference.
Factors Affecting Absorption of Foliar‐Applied Manganese by Soybean Plants1
Authors: Mederski H. J. , Hoff D. J. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisManganese concentration in soybean plants increased 200 ppm. after 15 minutes contact between plant surfaces and applied manganese sulfate solution. Manganese absorbed by the leaves and stems increased with increasing manganese concentration in the applied solution, and with an increase in plant temperature and the length of time the manganese remained in solution on the leaf surface. A portion of the accumulated manganese appears to be held by adsorption at the leaf surface.
Photoperiod, Temperature, and Competitive Ability as Factors Affecting the Seed Production of Selected Clones of Ladino Clover1
Authors: Laude Horton M. , Stanford Ernest H. , Enloe J. Alton 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisParental clones of Pilgrim Ladino clover differed in response to overwintering condition and to photoperiod with respect to earliness and persistence of flowering. The clones differed markedly in vegetative vigor when grown at Davis. These differences were of sufficient magnitude to materially affect the constitution of seed lots harvested under diverse environmental conditions.
Effect of Size and Type of Pot on Relative Precision, Yields, and Nutrient Uptake in Greenhouse Fertilizer Experiments1
Authors: Armiger W. H. , Dean L. A. , Mason D. D. , Koch E. J. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisContainers that ranged in capacity from 1 gallon to 3 gallons were as satisfactory as larger containers for greenhouse fertility studies.
Plant Height Times Ground Cover versus Clipped Samples for Estimating Forage Production1
Authors: Evans Raymond A. , Jones Milton B. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisPlant height times ground cover (HG) can be used to estimate relative forage production and differentiate treatment effects on fertilizer plots in the annual range type of California. HG and clipping values were highly comparable for estimating relative forage productivity on these plots. A quantitative relationship between clipped samples and HG values was indicated, within fairly broad limits, at two growth stages of the vegetation. This relationship was erratic on lodged vegetation.
The Effectiveness of Selection for the Hard Seeded Character in Crimson Clover1
Authors: Bennett Hugh W. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisTwo mass‐screening technics were effective in increasing the range of hard seededness in common crimson clover so that progeny lines with a higher percentage of hard seed were obtained. Reselection within the lines by the water‐soak method increased the average percentage of hard seed and the upper limit of the range of hard seededness.