bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth Promotion of Bifidobacterium Species by Poultry Bone and Meat Trimming Hydrolyzate
Authors: Lazzi Camilla , Meli Federica , Dossena Arnaldo , Gatti Monica , Neviani Erasmo 
Published: May 2011

Abstract:  The growth of bifidobacteria that are employed in the production of functional food is often slow or limited, even on synthetic media. In this study, we investigated whether a peptide hydrolyzate (functional animal protein [FAP]), from poultry bones and meat trimmings, could be a potential source of growth stimulators. The bifidogenic activity of FAP on 18 strains of Bifidobacterium species was assessed via 2 different techniques: turbidimetric measurements and a direct count by fluorescence microscopy. Growth experiments were performed in B12 broth as the basal medium, B12 broth supplemented with N‐acetylglucosamine, and B12 broth supplemented with FAP. FAP supplementation yielded the highest maximum optical density (OD) and count values. The use of the microscopic fluorescence counts allowed for better evaluation of the extent of growth and assessment of the viability of cells. FAP from poultry bones and meat trimmings has potential as a growth stimulator for different bifidobacteria of human origin. FAP is a promising ingredient for inclusion in industrial media that are used to culture probiotic strains, including bifidobacteria, because it supports growth very well and maintains cells at a high level of viability.Practical Application:  Proteinaceous hydrolyzate can be considered a promising ingredient for industrial media that are used to culture probiotic strains, including bifidobacteria, because it improves bacterial growth and maintains cells at a high level of viability.
Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients Taking Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs
Authors: Krum Henry , Swergold Gary , Gammaitoni Arnold , Peloso Paul M. , Smugar Steven S. , Curtis Sean P. , Brater D. Craig , Wang Hongwei , Kaur Amarjot , Laine Loren , Weir Matthew R. , Cannon Christopher P. 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYIntroduction: The increased thrombotic cardiovascular (CV) risk in trials of cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) inhibitors versus placebo, and the apparent similar risk with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), may be related to their potential to elevate blood pressure (BP). Aims: We evaluated the relationship between baseline BP and change in BP on CV events (CVEs) in patients receiving NSAIDs or COX‐2 inhibitors in the prospective randomized, double‐blind, Multinational Etoricoxib and Diclofenac Arthritis Long‐term Program (N = 34,701) comparing etoricoxib 60 or 90 mg or diclofenac 150 mg daily for a mean duration of 18 months. The main outcome measure was confirmed thrombotic CVEs. The Antiplatelet Trialists’ Collaboration endpoint, all‐cause mortality, CV/congestive heart failure (CHF) mortality, and CHF incidence were similarly evaluated. Results: We found that baseline systolic BP (SBP) was associated with significantly higher risk of all events (P < 0.001). Baseline diastolic BP (DBP) was inversely and significantly associated with risk of all events (P < 0.001 to P= 0.016) except CV/CHF mortality (P= 0.054). There was no significant differential effect between etoricoxib and diclofenac in relation to CVEs, except for confirmed CHF, for which the risk was significantly higher with etoricoxib (P= 0.019). Only CHF risk (P= 0.020 for both SBP and DBP change), but not thrombotic endpoints, was significantly associated with change in BP from months 0 to 4. These findings were not meaningfully altered after covariate adjustment for baseline CV risk. Conclusions: Baseline BP, but not change in BP, was significantly associated with risk of thrombotic CVEs through 18 months. The CV risk of COX‐2s and NSAIDs did not appear to be related to the BP‐elevating effects of these agents, although such analyses, i.e., from randomized controlled trials, are unable to definitively exclude such a relationship.
Tenosynovitis of the carpal sheath of the digital flexor tendons associated with tears of the radial head of the deep digital flexor: Observations in 11 horses
Authors: MINSHALL G. J. , WRIGHT I. M. 
Published: May 2011

SummaryReasons for performing study:Tears of the radial head of the deep digital flexor (DDF) have not previously been documented.Objectives:To describe the presentation, clinical, ultrasonographic and tenoscopic features associated with tears of the radial head of the DDF and to report the results of treatment.Hypotheses:Tears of the radial head of the DDF cause lameness and distension of the carpal sheath of the digital flexor tendons. Removal of disrupted tissue that is extruded into the sheath can result in clinical resolution and restoration of function.Methods:Case records and diagnostic images of horses in which tearing of the radial head of the DDF was diagnosed were reviewed retrospectively and follow‐up information obtained.Results:Eleven cases were identified. Clinical, ultrasonographic and tenoscopic commonality was recorded and treatment techniques were documented. All cases returned post operatively to pre‐injury levels of work.Conclusion:Tearing of the radial head of the DDF is a clinical entity with consistent diagnostic features. Tenoscopic removal of the torn tissue is associated with a good outcome.Potential relevance:Clinicians evaluating lame horses should include tearing of the radial head of the DDF as a differential diagnosis in animals with distended carpal sheaths. Tenoscopic surgery is a recommended treatment.
Comparison of Passively Transferred Antibodies in Bighorn and Domestic Lambs Reveals One Factor in Differential Susceptibility of These Species to Mannheimia haemolytica-Induced Pneumonia
Authors: Herndon Caroline N. , Shanthalingam Sudarvili , Knowles Donald P. , Call Douglas R. , Srikumaran Subramaniam 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTMannheimia haemolyticaconsistently causes fatal bronchopneumonia in bighorn sheep (BHS;Ovis canadensis) under natural and experimental conditions. Leukotoxin is the primary virulence factor of this organism. BHS are more susceptible to developing fatal pneumonia than the related speciesOvis aries(domestic sheep [DS]). In BHS herds affected by pneumonia, lamb recruitment is severely impaired for years subsequent to an outbreak. We hypothesized that a lack of maternally derived antibodies (Abs) againstM. haemolyticaprovides an immunologic basis for enhanced susceptibility of BH lambs to population-limiting pneumonia. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the titers of Abs directed againstM. haemolyticain the sera of BH and domestic lambs at birth through 12 weeks of age. Results revealed that BH lambs had approximately 18-fold lower titers of Ab against surface antigens ofM. haemolyticaand approximately 20-fold lower titers of leukotoxin-neutralizing Abs than domestic lambs. The titers of leukotoxin-neutralizing Abs in the serum and colostrum samples of BH ewes were approximately 157- and 50-fold lower than those for domestic ewes, respectively. Comparatively, the higher titers of parainfluenza 3 virus-neutralizing Abs in the BH lambs ruled out the possibility that these BHS had an impaired ability to passively transfer Abs to their lambs. These results suggest that lower levels of leukotoxin-neutralizing Abs in the sera of BH ewes, and resultant low Ab titers in their lambs, may be a critical factor in the poor lamb recruitment in herds affected by pneumonia.
Emergence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-14)-Producing Nontyphoid Salmonella with Reduced Susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin among Food Animals and Humans in Korea
Authors: Tamang Migma Dorji , Nam Hyang-Mi , Kim Tae-Sun , Jang Geum-Chan , Jung Suk-Chan , Lim Suk-Kyung 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT

Twenty of 1,279 nontyphoid
Salmonella
strains isolated from food animals and humans produced CTX-M-type extended-spectrum β-lactamase. All expressed CTX-M-15, except two which coexpressed CTX-M-14 and TEM-1. Insertion sequence IS
Ecp1
was identified upstream of
bla
CTX-M
genes. The
bla
CTX-M-15
and
bla
CTX-M-14
genes were disseminated by large conjugative IncFIIs and IncI1-Iγ plasmids, respectively.
Interleukin-28B Genotyping by Melt-Mismatch Amplification Mutation Assay PCR Analysis Using Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms rs12979860 and rs8099917, a Useful Tool for Prediction of Therapy Response in Hepatitis C Patients
Authors: Fonseca-Coronado Salvador , Vaughan Gilberto , Cruz-Rivera Mayra Yolanda , Carpio-Pedroza Juan Carlos , Ruiz-Tovar Karina , Ruiz-Pacheco Juan Alberto , Escobar-Gutiérrez Alejandro 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT
Several studies have identified associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) occurring near the interleukin-28B (IL-28B) gene and response to antiviral treatment among hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients. Here, we describe a reliable melt-mismatch amplification mutation assay (melt-MAMA) PCR-based genotyping method for IL-28B which can be used in the management of HCV patients, helping to better define the course of therapy.
Expanded Potential for Recombinant Trisegmented Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Viruses: Protein Production, Antibody Production, and
In Vivo
Assessment of Biological Function of Genes of Interest
Authors: Popkin Daniel L. , Teijaro John R. , Lee Andrew M. , Lewicki Hanna , Emonet Sebastien , de la Torre Juan Carlos , Oldstone Michael 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT

The recombinant engineering of trisegmented lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) to express two genes of interest was recently reported. We used this technology to efficiently express green fluorescent protein (GFP) and the immunoregulatory gene product interleukin-10 (IL-10)
in vitro
, assess IL-10 function
in vivo
during viral meningitis, and generate specific, robust monoclonal antibody responses to IL-10. Tripartite viruses were attenuated in wild-type and TLR7
−/−
mice. However, IFNAR1
−/−
mice sustained systemic viral replication when 2 nucleotide substitutions from a persistent LCMV variant were present. These findings demonstrate the utility of tripartite LCMV
in vitro
and
in vivo
to study genes in the context of a well-defined model system.
Rhesus Monkey Rhadinovirus ORF57 Induces gH and gL Glycoprotein Expression through Posttranscriptional Accumulation of Target mRNAs
Authors: Shin Young C. , Desrosiers Ronald C. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTOpen reading frame 57 (ORF57) of gamma-2 herpesviruses is a key regulator of viral gene expression. It has been reported to enhance the expression of viral genes by transcriptional, posttranscriptional, or translational activation mechanisms. Previously we have shown that the expression of gH and gL of rhesus monkey rhadinovirus (RRV), a close relative of the human Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), could be dramatically rescued by codon optimization as well as by ORF57 coexpression (J. P. Bilello, J. S. Morgan, and R. C. Desrosiers, J. Virol.82:7231–7237, 2008). We show here that ORF57 coexpression and codon optimization had similar effects, except that the rescue of expression by codon optimization was temporally delayed relative to that of ORF57 coexpression. The transfection of gL mRNA directly into cells with or without ORF57 coexpression and with or without codon optimization recapitulated the effects of these modes of induction on transfected DNA. These findings suggested an important role for the enhancement of mRNA stability and/or the translation of mRNA for these very different modes of induced expression. This conclusion was confirmed by several different measures of gH and gL mRNA stability and accumulation with or without ORF57 coexpression and with or without codon optimization. Our results indicate that RRV gH and gL expression is severely limited by the stability of the mRNA and that ORF57 coexpression and codon optimization independently induce gH and gL expression principally by allowing accumulation and translation of these mRNAs.
Detection and follow-up of cardiovascular disease and risk factors in the Southern Cone of Latin America: the CESCAS I study
Authors: Rubinstein Adolfo Luis , Irazola Vilma Edith , Poggio Rosana , Bazzano Lydia , Calandrelli Matías , Lanas Zanetti Fernando Tomas , Manfredi Jose Anibal , Olivera Héctor , Seron Pamela , Ponzo Jacqueline , He Jiang 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionCardiovascular diseases (CVD) are increasing throughout the world and cause 16.7 million deaths each year, 80% of which occur in low and middle income countries. In Argentina, Chile and Uruguay, the available data on cardiovascular risk factors come predominantly from cross-sectional studies that are principally based on self-report or studies conducted with small convenience samples. The CESCAS I study will generate reliable estimates of the prevalence and distribution of and secular trends in CVD and its risk factors in this region.Methods and analysisCESCAS I is an observational prospective cohort study with a multistage probabilistic sample of 8000 participants aged 35–74 years from four mid-sized cities representing the Southern Cone of Latin America: Bariloche and Marcos Paz in Argentina, Temuco in Chile and Pando-Barros Blancos in Uruguay. In the first phase, baseline data regarding exposure to risk factors and prevalence of CVD will be collected in two stages: (1) in homes and (2) in health centres. Information will be gathered on medical history, risk factors, lifestyles and health utilisation through specific questionnaires, physical measurements, an ECG and an overnight, fasting blood sample to measure levels of serum lipids, glucose and creatinine. In the second phase, annual follow-up data will be obtained on the incidence rate of CVD events and the association between exposure and events.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol has obtained formal ethics approval from institutional review boards in Argentina, Chile, Uruguay and the USA. The lack of follow-up studies has prevented Argentina, Chile and Uruguay from implementing risk factor stratification and management strategies at a population level. However, the CESCAS I study data will help the development of public health strategies based on primary care intervention, thus helping to improve cardiovascular health in this region.
Workplace and individual risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Burt Susan , Crombie Ken , Jin Yan , Wurzelbacher Steve , Ramsey Jessica , Deddens James 
Published: May 2011

ObjectivesTo quantify the relationship between workplace physical factors, particularly hand activity level (HAL) and forceful exertion and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), while taking into account individual factors. To compare quantitative exposure assessment measures with more practical ratings-based measures.MethodsIn a group of healthcare and manufacturing workers, each study participant's job tasks were evaluated for HAL, forceful exertion and other physical stressors and videotaped for further analysis, including frequency and duration of exertion and postural deviation. Electrodiagnostic testing of median and ulnar nerves and questionnaires were administered to all participants. A CTS case required median mononeuropathy and symptoms on hand diagrams in fingers 1–3. Multiple logistic regression models were used to analyse associations between job and individual factors and CTS.ResultsOf 477 workers studied, 57 (11.9%) were dominant hand CTS cases. Peak force ≥70% maximum voluntary contraction versus <20% maximum voluntary contraction resulted in an OR of 2.74 (1.32–5.68) for CTS. Among those with a body mass index ≥30, the OR for ≥15 exertions per minute was 3.35 (1.14–9.87). Peak worker ratings of perceived exertion increased the odds for CTS by 1.14 (1.01–1.29) for each unit increase on the 10-point scale. The odds for CTS increased by 1.38 (1.05–1.81) for each unit increase on the HAL 10-point scale among men, but not women. Combined force and HAL values above the ACGIH TLV for HAL resulted in an OR of 2.96 (1.51–5.80) for CTS.Discussion/ConclusionsQuantitative and ratings-based job exposure measures were each associated with CTS. Obesity increased the association between frequency of exertion and CTS.
Republished paper: Assessing and improving safety culture throughout an academic medical centre: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Paine Lori A , Rosenstein Beryl J , Sexton J Bryan , Kent Paula , Holzmueller Christine G , Pronovost Peter J 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To describe the authors' hospital-wide efforts to improve safety climate at a large academic medical centre.

Design and setting
A prospective cohort study used multiple interventions to improve hospital-wide safety climate. 144 clinical units in an urban academic medical centre are included in this analysis.

Interventions
The comprehensive unit-based safety programme included steps to identify hazards, partner units with a senior executive to fix hazards, learn from defects, and implement communication and teamwork tools. Hospital-level interventions were also implemented.

Main outcome measures
Safety climate was assessed annually using the safety attitudes questionnaire. The safety culture goal was to meet or exceed the 60% minimum positive score or improve the score by ≥10 points.

Results
Response rates were 77% (2006) and 79% (2008). For safety climate, 55% of units in 2006 and 82% in 2008 achieved the culture goal. For teamwork climate, 61% of units in 2006 and 83% in 2008 achieved the culture goal. The mean safety climate improvement (difference score) for 79 units at or above 60% in 2006 was 0.201 in 2008; the mean improvement for the 65 units below the threshold was 18.278. The mean teamwork climate improvement (difference score) for the 89 units at or above 60% in 2006 was 0.452 in 2008; the mean improvement for the 55 units below the threshold was 16.176. Climate scores improved significantly from 2006 to 2008 in every domain except stress recognition.

Conclusions
Hospital-wide interventions were associated with improvements in safety climate at a large academic medical centre.
Understanding limits to cod and haddock separation using size selectivity in a multispecies trawl fishery: an application of FISHSELECT
Authors: Sistiaga Manu , Herrmann Bent , Nielsen Kåre N. , Larsen Roger B. 
Published: May 2011

This investigation demonstrates how a multidisciplinary approach based on the FISHSELECT framework, sea trial data, underwater recordings, and laboratory investigations of netting can be applied to size selectivity studies and related management issues. We studied the morphological characteristics of Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ) and haddock ( Melanogrammus aeglefinus ) in the Barents Sea bottom trawl fishery. The differences between the L50 values (i.e., the size at which a fish has a 50% chance of being retained) that were recorded for the two species during sea trials can to a large extent be explained by the morphological differences between them. Because of these morphological differences, L50 is always larger for cod than for haddock with the grid and codend setup commonly used in the area. While catch separation of cod and haddock is a management objective in the Barents Sea, we demonstrate that the morphological differences between the species and the grid and codend setup in force today limit achievable differences in L50 to 5.5 cm. Furthermore, we show that for this fishery, the scope for increasing L50 differences between these species by changing the mesh shape configuration of the codend is minimal.
Effects of substrate condition on habitat use and survival by white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) larvae and potential implications for recruitment
Authors: McAdam Steven O. 
Published: May 2011

To understand links between substrate and recruitment of white sturgeon ( Acipenser transmontanus ), I evaluated the effects of substrate condition on larval drift, hiding, and predation between hatch and 15 days posthatch (dph). Over porous substrates (small gravel = 1.2–1.9 cm; medium gravel = 2.5–5.0 cm; cobble = 10–15 cm), rapid interstitial hiding was observed from 0 to 6 dph at low water velocity (4 cm·s–1), whereas larvae drifted in response to nonporous substrates (sand < 0.2 cm; embedded cobble). Velocities of 20 cm·s–1 led to significantly lower drift only at 1 dph over small gravel. Hiding occurred an average of 2.0–13.3 s after release at 0–6 dph. Predation by sculpins ( Cottus spp.) on larval sturgeon also decreased significantly in response to porous substrates at 1 dph. The strongest expression of increased hiding and decreased predation when small gravel was available suggests that yolksac larvae prefer small interstitial spaces created by that substrate. Considering behavioural responses in preferred natural spawning habitat suggests yolksac larvae predominantly hide in the vicinity of spawning locations. Identification of strong effects of substrate condition on age-specific drift and survival suggests that substrate degradation may contribute to recruitment limitations for sturgeon.
INSILICO MODELING AND SIMULATION OF MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES FOR THE BIOLOGICAL CELL ISOLATION TECHNIQUE
Authors: GOPAL K. VARUN , NAMBOORI P. K. KRISHNAN , PREMKUMAR P. , GOPAKUMAR DEEPA , NARAYANAN B. SABARISH 
Published: May 2011

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) can be used in a wide variety of biomedical applications like contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic labeling, controlled drug release, hyperthermia, and in cell isolation. Most of these applications need distinct and controllable interactions between the MNPs and living cells and can be made possible by a proper functionalization technique. This paper describes a computational approach for the identification of magnetic nanoparticles for the development, design, and demonstration of a novel, incorporated system for selective and rapid removal of biological, chemical, and radioactive biohazards from human body. The attraction between an external magnetic field and the MNPs facilitate separation of a wide variety of biological materials. This principle can be used for the isolation and aggregation of wandering cancer cells from the blood or the bone marrow to make a proper and early diagnosis of leukemia. Similarly, toxins, kidney stones, and other unwanted particles in the human body can be easily diagnosed and removed by the same technique. Nanoparticle-sized iron oxides have been studied in this work by computational modeling and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation techniques. Structural, thermodynamic, and magnetic properties have been formulated. In this work, nanoparticles of size varying from 0.5 to 2.5 nm have been analyzed. Cell isolation ability of the nanoparticles has been compared based on the computational results. MNPs are biologically activated and permitted to bind with the targeted cells through various pathways, thereby allowing certain cellular compartments to be specifically addressed. Once the cells are identified, the preferred cellular compartments can be magnetically isolated and removed with the help of an external magnetic field. Out of the iron oxides analyzed in this work, 1.1 nm Fe3O4 is found to be most interacting with leukemia protein. Hence, leukemia cells can be effectively targeted, separated, and removed using Fe3O4 of the suggested dimension.