bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Investigation of Clay Minerals' Effects on the Permeability Reduction in Water Injection Process in the Oil Fields
Authors: Abbasi Saeed , Shahrabadi Abbas , Golghanddashti Hassan 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Water availability for injection into oil reservoirs is an effective factor for superiority of water injection project. One of the parameters that cause undesirable effects on reservoir rock injectivity is clay minerals. The different structures of clay minerals will result in undesirable effects on rock permeability. Clay minerals enter into the pores and throats by injected water or they are a part of the structure of the reservoir rocks. Clay swelling from the viewpoint of the clay minerals type and structure can reduce the permeability of reservoir rock. In this study after the effects of clay minerals and their performance mechanisms, some of the rock samples were chosen from one of the field in south of Iran that is injecting water in aquifer.
Then it has been tried with XRD examination to specify the clay minerals type, and to estimate the percentage of each type; however permeability reduction was estimated for each one of core samples in core flooding experiments by injecting distilled water and formation water to the sample and creation of clay swelling. Also results comparison could show their performance and effect in the water injection process to estimate permeability reduction.
Severity of Diabetes Governs Vascular Lipoprotein Lipase by Affecting Enzyme Dimerization and Disassembly
Authors: Wang Ying , Puthanveetil Prasanth , Wang Fang , Kim Min Suk , Abrahani Ashraf , Rodrigues Brian 
Published: June 2011

OBJECTIVE
In diabetes, when glucose consumption is restricted, the heart adapts to use fatty acid (FA) exclusively. The majority of FA provided to the heart comes from the breakdown of circulating triglyceride (TG), a process catalyzed by lipoprotein lipase (LPL) located at the vascular lumen. The objective of the current study was to determine the mechanisms behind LPL processing and breakdown after moderate and severe diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
To induce acute hyperglycemia, diazoxide, a selective, ATP-sensitive K+ channel opener was used. For chronic diabetes, streptozotocin, a β-cell–specific toxin was administered at doses of 55 or 100 mg/kg to generate moderate and severe diabetes, respectively. Cardiac LPL processing into active dimers and breakdown at the vascular lumen was investigated.

RESULTS
After acute hyperglycemia and moderate diabetes, more LPL is processed into an active dimeric form, which involves the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone calnexin. Severe diabetes results in increased conversion of LPL into inactive monomers at the vascular lumen, a process mediated by FA-induced expression of angiopoietin-like protein 4 (Angptl-4).

CONCLUSIONS
In acute hyperglycemia and moderate diabetes, exaggerated LPL processing to dimeric, catalytically active enzyme increases coronary LPL, delivering more FA to the heart when glucose utilization is compromised. In severe chronic diabetes, to avoid lipid oversupply, FA-induced expression of Angptl-4 leads to conversion of LPL to inactive monomers at the coronary lumen to impede TG hydrolysis. Results from this study advance our understanding of how diabetes changes coronary LPL, which could contribute to cardiovascular complications seen with this disease.
Count Your Sheep! Doings and Dealings of Kûyâ, Trader in Small Stock during the Early Sukkalmaḫat
Authors: De Graef Katrien 
Published: June 2011

Résumé Cet article présente une analyse approfondie de deux tablettes originaires de Suse et publiées précédemment par le Père Scheil dans MDP 10 (1908). Ils appartiennent tous deux au “dossier Kûyâ” et datent de la période de transition entre la fin de l’époque Ur III/Šimaški et le début du Sukkalmahat. La plupart des tablettes du “dossier Kûyâ” sont des textes zi-ga (dépenses) concernant du petit bétail livrés chez Kûyâ pour différents sacrifices, banquets, temples, etc. Pourtant, les deux tablettes en question se distinguent des autres par leur forme particulière en demi-cercle et le fait qu’elles étaient attachées à quelque chose, vu les traces de petits trous sur les bouts. Il s’agit donc d’étiquettes. D’autre part le contenu de ces deux tablettes ne diffère pas beaucoup de celui des autres textes.
The NLRP3 Inflammasome Is Differentially Activated by Pneumolysin Variants and Contributes to Host Defense in Pneumococcal Pneumonia
Authors: Witzenrath Martin , Pache Florence , Lorenz Daniel , Koppe Uwe , Gutbier Birgitt , Tabeling Christoph , Reppe Katrin , Meixenberger Karolin , Dorhoi Anca , Ma Jiangtao , Holmes Ashleigh , Trendelenburg George , Heimesaat Markus M. , Bereswill Stefan , van der Linden Mark , Tschopp Jürg , Mitchell Timothy J. , Suttorp Norbert , Opitz Bastian 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis. Pneumococci can be divided into &gt;90 serotypes that show differences in the pathogenicity and invasiveness. We tested the hypotheses that the innate immune inflammasome pathway is involved in fighting pneumococcal pneumonia and that some invasive pneumococcal types are not recognized by this pathway. We show that human and murine mononuclear cells responded to S. pneumoniae expressing hemolytic pneumolysin by producing IL-1β. This IL-1β production depended on the NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Some serotype 1, serotype 8, and serotype 7F bacteria, which have previously been associated with increased invasiveness and with production of toxins with reduced hemolytic activity, or bacterial mutants lacking pneumolysin did not stimulate notable IL-1β production. We further found that NLRP3 was beneficial for mice during pneumonia caused by pneumococci expressing hemolytic pneumolysin and was involved in cytokine production and maintenance of the pulmonary microvascular barrier. Overall, the inflammasome pathway is protective in pneumonia caused by pneumococci expressing hemolytic toxin but is not activated by clinically important pneumococcal sequence types causing invasive disease. The study indicates that a virulence factor polymorphism may substantially affect the recognition of bacteria by the innate immune system.
MyD88-Dependent TLR1/2 Signals Educate Dendritic Cells with Gut-Specific Imprinting Properties
Authors: Wang Sen , Villablanca Eduardo J. , De Calisto Jaime , Gomes Daniel C. O. , Nguyen Deanna D. , Mizoguchi Emiko , Kagan Jonathan C. , Reinecker Hans-Christian , Hacohen Nir , Nagler Cathryn , Xavier Ramnik J. , Rossi-Bergmann Bartira , Chen Yi-Bin , Blomhoff Rune , Snapper Scott B. , Mora J. Rodrigo 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Gut-associated dendritic cells (DC) synthesize all-trans retinoic acid, which is required for inducing gut-tropic lymphocytes. Gut-associated DC from MyD88−/− mice, which lack most TLR signals, expressed low levels of retinal dehydrogenases (critical enzymes for all-trans retinoic acid biosynthesis) and were significantly impaired in their ability to induce gut-homing T cells. Pretreatment of extraintestinal DC with a TLR1/2 agonist was sufficient to induce retinal dehydrogenases and to confer these DC with the capacity to induce gut-homing lymphocytes via a mechanism dependent on MyD88 and JNK/MAPK. Moreover, gut-associated DC from TLR2−/− mice, or from mice in which JNK was pharmacologically blocked, were impaired in their education to imprint gut-homing T cells, which correlated with a decreased induction of gut-tropic T cells in TLR2−/− mice upon immunization. Thus, MyD88-dependent TLR2 signals are necessary and sufficient to educate DC with gut-specific imprinting properties and contribute in vivo to the generation of gut-tropic T cells.
Insulin-Dependent Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt and ERK Signaling Pathways Inhibit TLR3-Mediated Human Bronchial Epithelial Cell Apoptosis
Authors: Numata Takanori , Araya Jun , Fujii Satoko , Hara Hiromichi , Takasaka Naoki , Kojima Jun , Minagawa Shunsuke , Yumino Yoko , Kawaishi Makoto , Hirano Jun , Odaka Makoto , Morikawa Toshiaki , Nishimura Stephen L. , Nakayama Katsutoshi , Kuwano Kazuyoshi 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
TLR3, one of the TLRs involved in the recognition of infectious pathogens for innate and adaptive immunity, primarily recognizes viral-associated dsRNA. Recognition of dsRNA byproducts released from apoptotic and necrotic cells is a recently proposed mechanism for the amplification of toxicity, suggesting a pivotal participation of TLR3 in viral infection, as well as in lung diseases where apoptosis plays a critical role, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In addition to metabolic control, insulin signaling was postulated to be protective by inhibiting apoptosis. Therefore, we explored the role of insulin signaling in protecting against TLR3-mediated apoptosis of human bronchial epithelial cells. Significant TLR3-mediated apoptosis was induced by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, a dsRNA analog, via caspase-8–dependent mechanisms. However, insulin efficiently inhibited TLR3/ polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid-induced human bronchial epithelial cell apoptosis via PI3K/Akt and ERK pathways, at least in part, via upregulation of cellular FLIPs and through protein synthesis-independent mechanisms. These results indicate the significance of TLR3-mediated dsRNA-induced apoptosis in the pathogenesis of apoptosis-driven lung disease and provide evidence for a novel protective role of insulin.
Acoustic Scattering Cross Sections of Smart Obstacles: A Case Study
Authors: Fatone Lorella , Recchioni Maria Cristina , Zirilli Francesco 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAcoustic scattering cross sections of smart furtive obstacles are studied and discussed. A smart furtive obstacle is an obstacle that, when hit by an incoming field, avoids detection through the use of a pressure current acting on its boundary. A highly parallelizable algorithm for computing the acoustic scattering cross section of smart obstacles is developed. As a case study, this algorithm is applied to the (acoustic) scattering cross section of a “smart” (furtive) simplified version of the NASA space shuttle when hit by incoming time-harmonic plane waves, the wavelengths of which are small compared to the characteristic dimensions of the shuttle. The solution to this numerically challenging scattering problem requires the solution of systems of linear equations with many unknowns and equations. Due to the sparsity of these systems of equations, they can be stored and solved using affordable computing resources. A cross section analysis of the simplified NASA space shuttle highlights three findings: i) the smart furtive obstacle reduces the magnitude of its cross section compared to the cross section of a corresponding “passive” obstacle; ii) several wave propagation directions fail to satisfactorily respond to the smart strategy of the obstacle; iii) satisfactory furtive effects along all directions may only be obtained by using a pressure current of considerable magnitude. Numerical experiments and virtual reality applications can be found at the website: http://www.ceri.uniromal.it/ceri/zirilli/w7.
Use and Limitations of Electrochemical Techniques for Investigating Microbiological Corrosion
Authors: Dexter S. C. , Duquette D. J. , Siebert O. W. , Videla H. A. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Electrochemical techniques such as: corrosion and critical pitting potential measurements, direct current potentiostatic and potentiodynamic polarization, linear polarization resistance, split-cell current measurements, electrochemical impedance, electrochemical noise, and electrical resistance probes are evaluated for use in investigating microbiologically influenced corrosion. Examples are given to illustrate the capabilities and limitations of each technique.
Bilateral Simultaneous Total Hip Arthroplasty in a Fast Track Setting
Authors: Otte Kristian S. , Husted Henrik , Ørsnes Thue , Kehlet Henrik 
Published: June 2011

Simultaneous bilateral hip arthroplasty has been reported to have varying results in the literature when performed using conventional postoperative care. Unilateral hip and knee arthroplasty as well as bilateral simultaneous knee arthroplasty may be associated with reduced length of stay and low complication rates when performed in a fast-track setting. We believed it would be useful to assess hip arthroplasty in this context, and we report 50 consecutive fast-track simultaneous bilateral hip arthroplasty procedures. The median length of stay was 4 days. Mortality within 90 days was 4% and 8% required a further operative procedure. The overall complication rate was 22%. 55% of the complications were considered to be caused by failures in surgical technique and 45% by other factors. Bilateral simultaneous hip arthroplasty may have a high complication rate in a fast-track setting and further evaluation may be warranted.
Novel Sol–Gel Nano‐Glass–Ceramics Comprising Ln3+‐Doped YF3 Nanocrystals: Structure and High Efficient UV Up‐Conversion
Authors: Yanes A. Carlos , Santana‐Alonso Alejandro , Méndez‐Ramos Jorge , del‐Castillo Javier , Rodríguez Vicente D. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractTransparent glass‐ceramics containing Ln3+‐doped YF3 nanocrystals are successfully obtained under adequate thermal treatment of precursor sol–gel glasses for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. Precipitation of YF3 nanocrystals is confirmed by X‐ray diffraction and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy images. An exhaustive structural analysis is carried out using Eu3+ and Sm3+ as probe ions of the final local environment in the nano‐structured glass–ceramic. Noticeable changes in luminescence spectra, related to relative intensity and Stark structure of band components, along with remarkably different lifetime values, allow us to discern between ions residing in precipitated YF3 nanocrystals and those remaining in a glassy environment. A large fraction of optically active ions is efficiently partitioned into nanocrystals of small size, around 11 nm. Moreover, bright and efficient up‐conversion, including very intense high‐energy emissions in the UV range, due to 4‐ and 5‐infrared photon processes, are achieved in Yb3+–Tm3+ co‐doped samples. Up‐conversion mechanisms are analysed in depth by means of intensity dependence on sensitiser Yb3+ concentration and pump power.
Photodriven, Flexural–Torsional Oscillation of Glassy Azobenzene Liquid Crystal Polymer Networks
Authors: Lee Kyung Min , Smith Matthew L. , Koerner Hilmar , Tabiryan Nelson , Vaia Richard A. , Bunning Timothy J. , White Timothy J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCantilevers composed of glassy, photoresponsive liquid crystalline polymer networks (LCNs) are shown to oscillate at high frequency (∼50 Hz) and large amplitude when exposed to light from a 442 nm coherent wave (CW) laser. Added dimensionality to previously reported in‐plane oscillations is enabled by adjusting the orientation of the nematic director to the long axis of the cantilever yielding in‐plane bending accompanied by out‐of‐plane twisting (flexural–torsional oscillation). The fundamental photoresponse of this class of glassy azobenzene liquid crystal polymer networks (azo‐LCN) is further probed by examining the influence of cantilever aspect ratio, laser intensity, and temperature. The frequency of photodirected oscillations is strongly correlated to the length of the cantilever while the amplitude and threshold laser intensity for oscillation is strongly correlated to temperature.
Microchemomechanical Systems
Authors: Randhawa Jatinder S. , Laflin Kate E. , Seelam Natasha , Gracias David H. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe development of microchemomechanical systems (MCMS) as an analogy to microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) is reviewed, with the distinction that the mechanical actuation of microscale structures is effected by chemical cues as opposed to electricity. The intellectual motivation to pursue MCMS, or the creation of integrated chemical‐stimuli‐responsive devices, is that such structures are widely observed in nature. From a practical standpoint, since chemicals can readily diffuse and produce changes over large distances, this approach is especially attractive in enabling wireless and autonomous devices at small size scales.
Interleukin‐1β causes synaptic hyperexcitability in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Rossi Silvia , Furlan Roberto , De Chiara Valentina , Motta Caterina , Studer Valeria , Mori Francesco , Musella Alessandra , Bergami Alessandra , Muzio Luca , Bernardi Giorgio , Battistini Luca , Martino Gianvito , Centonze Diego 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjective:The frequency of inflammatory episodes in the early stages of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been correlated with late neurodegeneration, but the mechanism by which inflammation gives rise to delayed neuronal damage is unknown. Increased activity of the neurotransmitter glutamate is thought to play a role in the inflammation‐driven neurodegenerative process of MS, and therefore we tested whether inflammatory cytokines released during acute MS attacks have the property of enhancing glutamate‐mediated transmission and excitotoxicity in central neurons.Methods:We compared the effect of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from active and quiescent MS patients on glutamate‐mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) and excitotoxic damage in rodent brain slices. We also measured CSF concentrations of tumor necrosis factor‐α, of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and of IL‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1ra), and correlated cytokine levels with cortical excitability assessed in MS patients by means of paired‐pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).Results:CSF from MS patients with enhanced brain lesions at magnetic resonance imaging was able to increase spontaneous EPSC frequency and glutamate‐mediated neuronal swelling in vitro, through a mechanism dependent on enhanced IL‐1β signaling and increased glutamate α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methylisoxazole‐4‐propionic acid receptor stimulation. Furthermore, IL‐1β/IL‐1ra ratio was significantly higher in the CSF of active MS subjects, and correlated with intracortical facilitation, an accredited TMS measure of glutamate transmission. Finally, we identified for the first time transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channels as essential intermediates for the synaptic action of IL‐1β on central glutamatergic synapses.Interpretation:Our results provide compelling evidence of the synaptic mechanism linking inflammation and excitotoxic neurodegeneration in MS. ANN NEUROL 2012;71:76–83
A Kiefer‐Wolfowitz Algorithm Based Iterative Learning Control for Hammerstein‐Wiener Systems
Authors: Shen Dong , Chen Han‐Fu 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe iterative learning control (ILC) is considered for the Hammerstein‐Wiener (HW) system, which is a cascading system consisting of a static nonlinearity followed by a linear stochastic system and then a static nonlinearity. Except the structure, the system is unknown, but the system output is observed with additive noise. Both the linear and nonlinear parts of the system may be time‐varying. The optimal control sequence under the tracking performance is first characterized, which, is however, unavailable since the system is unknown. By using the observations on system output the ILC is generated by a Kiefer‐Wolfowitz (KW) algorithm with randomized differences, which aims at minimizing the tracking error. It is proved that ILC converges to the optimal one with probability one and the resulting tracking error tends to its minimal value.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
In Situ Growth of TiO2 in Interlayers of Expanded Graphite for the Fabrication of TiO2–Graphene with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Jiang Baojiang , Tian Chungui , Zhou Wei , Wang Jianqiang , Xie Ying , Pan Qingjiang , Ren Zhiyu , Dong Youzhen , Fu Dan , Han Jiale , Fu Honggang 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe present a facile route for the preparation of TiO2–graphene composites by in situ growth of TiO2 in the interlayer of inexpensive expanded graphite (EG) under solvothermal conditions. A vacuum‐assisted technique combined with the use of a surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) plays a key role in the fabrication of such composites. Firstly, the vacuum environment promotes full infusion of the initial solution containing Ti(OBu)4 and the surfactant into the interlayers of EG. Subsequently, numerous TiO2 nanoparticles uniformly grow in situ in the interlayers with the help of the surfactant, which facilitates the exfoliation of EG under the solvothermal conditions in ethanol, eventually forming TiO2–graphene composites. The as‐prepared samples have been characterized by Raman and FTIR spectroscopies, SEM, TEM, AFM, and thermogravimetic analysis. It is shown that a large number of TiO2 nanoparticles homogeneously cover the surface of high‐quality graphene sheets. The graphene exhibits a multi‐layered structure (5–7 layers). Notably, the TiO2–graphene composite (only 30 wt % of which is TiO2) synthesized by subsequent thermal treatment at high temperature under nitrogen shows high photocatalytic activity in the degradation of phenol under visible and UV lights in comparison with bare Degussa P25. The enhanced photocatalytic performance is attributed to increased charge separation, improved light absorbance and light absorption width, and high adsorptivity for pollutants.
Gold Catalysis: Domino Reaction of En‐Diynes to Highly Substituted Phenols
Authors: Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Häffner Tobias , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBy Sonogashira coupling of 1,7‐heptadiynes and 1,8‐octadiynes with 2‐iodoallyl alcohols, various substrates that bear a 2‐alkynylallyl alcohol moiety tethered to an additional alkyne were prepared in one step. Subjection to nitrogen acyclic carbene (NAC)/gold(I) catalysts delivered highly substituted phenols in an efficient domino reaction. Furan derivatives were formed as intermediates; this was proven by in situ NMR spectroscopy. The uncommon substitution pattern of these furans opens the way for a selective formation of phenols that contain the hydroxyl group in the meta position to the ring junction, which previously was not possible by gold‐catalyzed furan‐yne cyclization. Furthermore, interesting mechanistic insights were obtained by products derived from secondary allyl alcohols. In this case, in addition to the phenolic compounds, a ketone is formed by 1,2‐alkyl shift.
Structural Analysis of an Isolated Cyclic Tetrapeptide and its Monohydrate by Combined IR/UV Spectroscopy
Authors: Schwing Kirsten , Reyheller Carsten , Schaly Astrid , Kubik Stefan , Gerhards Markus 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCyclopeptides are an important class of substances in nature, and their physiological effects are frequently based on the tendency to form bioactive conformations. Therefore the investigation of their structure yields an understanding of their functionalities. Mass‐selective combined IR/UV spectroscopy in molecular beam experiments represents an ideal tool for structural analyses on isolated molecules in the gas phase, such as the investigated cyclo[L‐Tyr(Me)‐D‐Pro]2 peptide and its complexes with water. Using the chosen spectroscopic method in combination with DFT calculations, an assignment of a structure with two intramolecular hydrogen bonds for the naked cyclopeptide is possible. For the monohydrated cluster two isomers have to be discussed: in one of them the water molecule is simply attached to the assigned monomer structure as hydrogen donor, whereas the second isomer can be characterized by a water molecule that is inserted into one of the intramolecular hydrogen bonds.