bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Residual Antimicrobial Effects and Surface Changes of Gutta-Percha disinfected with Different Solutions
Authors: Koçak Mustafa Murat , Şahinkesen G , Oktay EA , Er Ö , Kiliç A 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Aim
To determine the possible residual antibacterial effects and possible surface changes caused by 5.25% NaOCl, 2.5% NaOCl, 2% CHX and 0.05% Octenisept on in vitro gutta-percha points after different disinfection protocols.

Materials and methods
A total of 121 standard # 40, 0.2% gutta-percha cones were cut 10 mm from the tip, sterilized with ethylene oxide. The samples were divided into five groups, and each group was divided into three subgroups according to immersion periods of gutta-percha cones into solutions. One gutta-percha cone from each group was selected for SEM evaluation.

Results
All of the tested solutions were effective on the selected microorganisms when compared with the control solution. No surface alterations were detected on the gutta-percha cones.

Conclusion
In the limits of this study, immersion of gutta-percha into 2% CHX for one minute was found the most effective method to eliminate the selected microorganisms.

Clinical significance
Although gutta-percha points are aseptic in their package, once opened and used, gutta-percha cones may be contaminated. In order to eliminate bacteria and not to cause surface changes on gutta-percha cones, disinfection solution must be selected carefully.

How to cite this article
Ôahinkesen G, Oktay EA, Er _, Koçak MM, Kiliç A. Evaluation of Residual Antimicrobial Effects and Surface Changes of Gutta-Percha disinfected with Different Solutions. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(1):47-51.
pH-changes during Intracoronal Bleaching: An in vivo Study
Authors: Barcellos Daphne Câmara , Borges Alessandra Buhler , Silva Regina Célia dos Santos Pinto , Ribeiro Luciana Maria , Pucci Cesar Rogério , Torres Carlos Rocha Gomes 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Objectives
This study aimed to measure pH changes during 14 days intracoronal bleaching with hydrogen peroxide/sodium perborate and carbamide peroxide/sodium perborate.

Materials and methods
Twenty patients presenting endodontically treated central maxillary incisors with color alterations were divided in two groups (n = 10): Group CP + SP: 37% carbamide peroxide + sodium perborate paste; Group HP + SP: 30% hydrogen peroxide + sodium perborate paste. The pH values were measured using a digital microprocessor at different times: Baseline, 2, 7 and 14 days. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (á = 0.05).

Results
ANOVA showed p < 0.00 which indicated significant difference between the groups. The mean values (± sd) and the results of the Tukey's test were: HP + SP/14 days—7.98 (±0.58)a; HP + SP/7 days—8.59 (±0.18)b; HP + SP/2 days— 8.83 (±0.32)bc; HP + SP/Baseline—8.83 (±0.01)bc; CP + SP/ Baseline—8.89 (±0.01)bc; CP + SP/14 days—9.11 (±0.58)cd; CP + SP/7 days—9.54 (±0.16)de; CP + SP/2 days—9.66 (±0.08) de. The group HP + SP resulted in significantly lower pH values compared with group CP + SP.

Conclusion
It can be concluded that both associations showed alkaline pH values; however, there was significant reduction in the pH values of the 30% hydrogen peroxide associated with sodium perborate after 14 days.

Clinical Significance
The association of hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide with sodium perborate paste presented alkaline characteristics during the 14-day evaluated period. Thus, regarding pH changes, both associations can be considered safe as intracoronal bleaching agents.

How to cite this article
Barcellos DC, Borges AB, Silva RCDSP, Ribeiro LM, Pucci CR, Torres CRG. pH-changes during Intracoronal Bleaching: An in vivo Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(2):109-113.
Barriers to diagnosis of a rare neurological disorder in China—Lived experiences of Rett syndrome families
Authors: Lim Faye , Downs Jenny , Li Jianghong , Bao Xin‐Hua , Leonard Helen 
Published: November 2011

AbstractRett syndrome is a rare neurological disorder affecting girls and usually caused by a mutation on the MECP2 gene. It is estimated that approximately 1,000 girls are born every year in China with Rett syndrome but far fewer have received a diagnosis. Fourteen of 74 Chinese families known to the International Rett Syndrome Phenotype Database participated in this qualitative study. Telephone interviews were conducted in Mandarin to explore pathways to a diagnosis of Rett syndrome in China and associated barriers. Families consulted multiple clinical centers and eventually received a diagnosis at a centrally located hospital. Over the course of this pathway, families encountered lack of knowledge and diagnostic expertise for Rett syndrome at local levels and a heavily over‐burdened hospital system. There was a paucity of information available to guide management of this rare disorder after the diagnosis had been received. Our study suggests that the frustrations experienced by families could in part be addressed by the provision of information, education, and training related to Rett syndrome for clinicians, additional resources to allow clinicians to request genetic testing for confirmation of the clinical diagnosis and for information and support services for families. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phenotype of FOXP2 haploinsufficiency in a mother and son
Authors: Rice Gregory M. , Raca Gordana , Jakielski Kathy J. , Laffin Jennifer J. , Iyama‐Kurtycz Christina M. , Hartley Sigan L. , Sprague Rae E. , Heintzelman Anne T. , Shriberg Lawrence D. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDisruptions in FOXP2, a transcription factor, are the only known monogenic cause of speech and language impairment. We report on clinical findings for two new individuals with a submicroscopic deletion of FOXP2: a boy with severe apraxia of speech and his currently moderately affected mother. A 1.57 Mb deletion on chromosome 7q31 was detected by array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). In addition to FOXP2, the patients' deletion involves two other genes, MDFIC and PPP1R3A, neither of which has been associated with speech or language disorders. Thus, findings for these two family members provide informative phenotypic information on FOXP2 haploinsufficiency. Evaluation by a clinical geneticist indicated no major congenital anomalies or dysmorphic features. Evaluations by a clinical psychologist and occupational therapist indicated cognitive‐linguistic processing and sensorimotor control deficits, but did not support a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. Evaluation by clinical and research speech pathologists confirmed that both patients' speech deficits met contemporary criteria for apraxia of speech. Notably, the patients were not able to laugh, cough, or sneeze spontaneously, replicating findings reported for two other FOXP2 cases and a potential diagnostic sign of nonsyndromic apraxia of speech. Speech severity findings for the boy were not consistent with the hypothesis that loss of maternal FOXP2 should be relatively benign. Better understanding of the behavioral phenotype of FOXP2 disruptions will aid identification of patients, toward an eventual understanding of the pathophysiology of syndromic and nonsyndromic apraxia of speech. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigation of fire behavior of rigid polyurethane foams containing fly ash and intumescent flame retardant by using a cone calorimeter
Authors: Usta Nazım 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCone calorimeter is one of the most useful bench‐scale equipment which can simulate real‐world fire conditions. Therefore, cone calorimeter tests have been the most important and widely used tests for research and development of fire behavior of polymeric materials. In this study, fire behavior of rigid polyurethane foams containing fly ash (up to 5 wt %) and intumescent flame retardant (up to 5 wt %) composed of ammonium polyphosphate/pentaerythritol was investigated by using a cone calorimeter. In addition, thermogravimetric analysis of the additives and the foams were also carried out to explain the effects of fly ash and intumescent flame retardant on fire behavior of the foams. Experimental results indicated that rigid polyurethane foam containing fly ash and the intumescent flame retardant in comparison with pure rigid polyurethane foam shows significantly enhanced fire resistance and thermal stability. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Effects of polymerization conditions on the properties of poly(furfuryl alcohol) composite membranes
Authors: He Li , Li Dan , Dong Dehua , Yao Jianfeng , Huang Yi , Wang Huanting 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPoly(furfuryl alcohol) (PFA) composite membranes were prepared by polymerization of furfuryl alcohol (FA) using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) as the catalyst and polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane as the substrate. The membrane samples were characterized by ATR‐IR, TGA, SEM, and gas permeation technique. The effects of synthesis conditions including the FA/H2SO4 molar ratio, polymerization temperature, and the type of solvent on the chemical structure, surface morphology, and gas permeation properties of PFA composite membranes were studied. Our results showed that the suitable synthesis conditions for the preparation of PFA composite membranes with smooth surfaces and uniform structure include (1) FA/H2SO4 molar ratios: 74‐300, (2) polymerization temperatures: 80–100°C, and (3) solvents: ethanol and acetone. The PFA composite membrane prepared with a FA/H2SO4 molar ratio of 250, a polymerization temperature of 80°C and ethanol as the solvent exhibited the highest H2/N2 ideal selectivity (
$ {\rm{\alpha }}_{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}} {\rm{/N}}_{\rm{2}} } = 24.9 $), and a H2 permeability of 206 Barrers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Influence of reactant concentration on formation of AgCl particles in PEO–PPO–PEO microemulsion and morphology and performance of AgCl–PMMA membranes
Authors: Wu Li‐Guang , Wang Ting , Xiang Wen , Du Chun‐Hui 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAgCl/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) organic–inorganic hybrid membrane has been synthesized by reverse microemulsion polymerization using triblock copolymer polyoxyethylene–polyoxypropylene–polyoxyethylene as surfactant and MMA as oil phase. The results by ultraviolet–visible spectrum, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy showed that small AgCl nanoparticles distributed well in the F127 microemulsions and hybrid membranes at low reactant concentration. AgCl nanoparticles in the microemulsion became smaller with increasing reactant concentration. However, AgCl nanoparticles aggregated obviously in hybrid membranes, when reactant concentration was more than 0.15 mol L−1. The performance of different hybrid membranes for separation of the benzene and cyclohexane was measured. The results indicated that the separation performance of membrane was promoted obviously due to presence of more well‐dispersed AgCl particles in hybrid membranes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Radiation‐assisted morphology modification of LDPE/TPS blends: A study on starch degradation‐processing‐morphology correlation
Authors: Dubey K. A. , Chaudhari C. V. , Raje Naina , Panickar Lata , Bhardwaj Y. K. , Sabharwal S. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPotato starch was radiolytically degraded to different extents by irradiating with Co‐60 gamma radiation in wide dose range. The degraded starch was plasticized using glycerol and water to obtain radiation processed thermoplastic starch (RTPS). Blends of different RTPS and low density polyethylene (LDPE) were prepared by internal melt mixing. Characterization of blends using differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, melt flow, contact angle, and soil burial studies indicated changes in the blend morphology and biodegradation behavior with the increase in the dose imparted to the starch fraction. Molecular weight of starch decreased substantially in the dose range of the study. The melt viscosity of LDPE/RTPS blend decreased whereas crystallinity of LDPE phase increased with the incorporation of RTPS. No significant change in the carbonyl index and thermal stability of the blends was observed in the dose range studied; therefore, the observed changes in the physical and thermal properties of the blends were attributed primarily to the kinetic factors affecting crystallization and time‐dependent phase separation process. Biodegradability of blends varied with the radiation dose imparted to starch component of blend, suggesting better encapsulation of RTPS by LDPE chains. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
A target‐specific feeding toxicity of β1 integrin dsRNA against diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed A. M. , Kim Yonggyun 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIntegrin is a cell‐surface protein consisting of α and β heterodimers. A predicted amino acid sequence of an integrin subunit of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, was highly homologous to other lepidopteran β1 subunits and possessed essential functional domains. The β1 integrin of P. xylostella (βPx1) was expressed in all developmental stages of P. xylostella. It was also expressed in all tested tissues including hemocyte, fat body, gut, and epidermis of last instar. When βPx1 expression was suppressed by injection of dsRNA specific to βPx1 (dsRNAβPx1), the treated larvae exhibited significant suppression in immune response and also suffered significant larval mortality. When dsRNAβPx1 was orally fed to young larvae, it suppressed the expression of âPx1 and resulted in a significant mortality. By contrast, a dsRNA specific to β1 subunit of Spodoptera exigua gave little adverse effects on βPx1 expression and larval development when it was treated by injection or oral administration, though these two genes showed 71% sequence homology. These results suggest a target‐specific RNA interference of dsRNAβPx1, which causes significant mortality to P. xylostella by feeding treatment. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Study on pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of pteryxin in mice by ultra‐pressure liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Juan , Ma Yufeng , Li Wen , Hu Fangdi , Chen Tongqiang , Shen Xiaoli , Feng Shilan 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTPteryxin is a coumarin compound naturally occurring in the roots of Radix Peucedani, a commonly used as traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of certain respiratory diseases and hypertension. An UPLC‐MS/MS method was established to quantify pteryxin in mouse plasma and tissue homogenates. Isoimperatorin was used as internal standard (IS). The method was based on protein precipitation with methanol for sample preparation. Pteryxin and IS were separated using a UPLC™ BEH C18 column and eluted with a mobile phase consisting of methanol and water (70:30, v/v) at a flow‐rate of 0.2 mL/min. MS/MS detection was carried out by monitoring the fragmentation of m/z 409.3–287.2 for pteryxin and m/z 271.3–185.2 for IS on a triple‐quadrupole mass spectrometer. The total run time was only 6 min. The results showed that it had good linearity over a wide concentration range (r > 0.999), and pteryxin was rapidly distributed and then eliminated from mouse plasma (t1/2 =1.463 h). The major distribution tissues of pteryxin in mice were liver, and pteryxin was enabled to cross the blood–brain barrier owing to its low polarity. There was no long‐term accumulation of pteryxin in mouse tissues. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrodynamic characterisation of liquid–solid two–phase fluidised beds: Vibration signature and pressure fluctuations analyses
Authors: Sheikhi Amir , Sotudeh‐Gharebagh Rahmat , Alfi Mehrdad , Mostoufi Navid , Zarghami Reza 
Published: November 2011

AbstractHydrodynamic behaviour of a two–phase liquid–solid fluidised bed was investigated over a wide range of liquid velocities by means of simultaneous vibration and pressure fluctuations analyses. The liquid velocities were set in a way that covered two most important hydrodynamic events in the bed, namely minimum fluidisation and circulating‐solid regime. To prevent solids from being carried out of the bed, the maximum liquid velocity was kept lower than the terminal velocity of solids. Statistical analysis on the vibration signatures of bed shell proved to be a strong representative for minimum fluidisation characterisation and solid regime change. The minimum fluidisation velocity can be obtained from the intersection of two linear parts in the standard deviation of vibration fluctuation signals. Moreover, the kurtosis of vibration signals could predict the minimum fluidisation and approximate solid regime transition successfully. Meanwhile, statistical parameters, such as standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis as well as newly‐introduced parameters, namely the energy and average cycle frequency of pressure signals, determined both of minimum fluidisation condition and circulating‐solid flow regime. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Enhanced ovalbumin‐induced airway inflammation in CD26−/− mice
Authors: Yan Shuling , Geßner Reinhard , Dietel Corinna , Schmiedek Ulrike , Fan Hua 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the potential role of CD26 in ovalbumin (OVA)‐induced airway inflammation using CD26 gene knockout mice. Compared with WT counterparts, CD26−/− mice showed an obviously enhanced tissue response and denser pulmonary infiltrates containing eosinophils around vessels and in the parenchyma after OVA sensitization and challenge. Serum IgG, including subclasses IgG1 and IgG2a, was greatly reduced in CD26−/− mice, but serum IgE remained unchanged. CD26−/− mice had increased mRNA expression of the Th2 cytokines IL‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐13 in the lungs compared with WT mice, whereas the levels of the pro‐Th1 cytokine IL‐12p40 were similar in both strains. Consequently, enhanced protein secretion of IL‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐13 was detected in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from CD26−/− mice. In agreement with overexpressed Th2 cytokines, both mRNA transcript and protein levels of chemokines eotaxin and RANTES, as well as their receptors CC chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) and CCR5, were elevated in CD26−/− mice. These results suggest a protective role for CD26 in restricting OVA‐induced airway inflammation.
DUSP4 deficiency enhances CD25 expression and CD4+ T‐cell proliferation without impeding T‐cell development
Authors: Huang Ching‐Yu , Lin Yu‐Chun , Hsiao Wan‐Yi , Liao Fang‐Hsuean , Huang Pau‐Yi , Tan Tse‐Hua 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe differentiation and activation of T cells are critically modulated by MAP kinases, which are in turn feed‐back regulated by dual‐specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) to determine the duration and magnitude of MAP kinase activation. DUSP4 (also known as MKP2) is a MAP kinase‐induced DUSP member that is dynamically expressed during thymocyte differentiation. We generated DUSP4‐deficient mice to study the function of DUSP4 in T‐cell development and activation. Our results show that thymocyte differentiation and activation‐induced MAP kinase phosphorylation were comparable between DUSP4‐deficient and WT mice. Interestingly, activated DUSP4−/− CD4+ T cells were hyperproliferative while DUSP4−/− CD8+ T cells proliferated normally. Further mechanistic studies suggested that the hyperproliferation of DUSP4−/− CD4+ T cells resulted from enhanced CD25 expression and IL‐2 signaling through increased STAT5 phosphorylation. Immunization of DUSP4−/− mice recapitulated the T‐cell hyperproliferation phenotype in antigen recall responses, while the profile of Th1/Th2‐polarized antibody production was not altered. Overall, these results suggest that other DUSPs may compensate for DUSP4 deficiency in T‐cell development, MAP kinase regulation, and Th1/Th2‐mediated antibody responses. More importantly, our data indicate that DUSP4 suppresses CD4+ T‐cell proliferation through novel regulations in STAT5 phosphorylation and IL‐2 signaling.
Pyridine‐Catalyzed Double C–N Coupling Reaction of an Isocyanate with Two Benzynes
Authors: Lee Yi‐Hsien , Chen Yen‐Chung , Hsieh Jen‐Chieh 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA pyridine‐catalyzed double C–N bond cross‐coupling reaction involving two benzynes with an isocyanate was carried out. The coupling reaction proceeded through a unique pathway involving the formation of an unstable carbamic acid intermediate and facile decarboxylation. Subsequent nucleophilic addition/protonation of in situ prepared amines with benzynes afforded variously substituted diaryl‐ and triarylamines in moderate to good yields with tolerance of a variety of functional groups.
Threat(s) and conformity deconstructed: Perceived threat of infectious disease and its implications for conformist attitudes and behavior
Authors: Murray Damian R. , Schaller Mark 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThreat has been linked to conformity, but little is known about the specific effects of different kinds of threat. We test the hypothesis that perceived threat of infectious disease exerts a unique influence on conformist attitudes and behavior. Correlational and experimental results support the hypothesis. Individual differences in Perceived Vulnerability to Disease predict conformist attitudes; these effects persist when controlling for individual differences in the Belief in a Dangerous World. Experimentally manipulated salience of disease threat produced stronger conformist attitudes and behavior, compared with control conditions (including a condition in which disease‐irrelevant threats were salient). Additional results suggest that these effects may be especially pronounced in specific domains of normative behavior that are especially pertinent to pathogen transmission. These results have implications for understanding the antecedents of conformity, the psychology of threat, and the social consequences of infectious disease. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parameter identification of river current and diffusion by reduced Kalman filter finite element method
Authors: Kanai Osamu , Kawahara Mutsuto 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYThe objective of this study is to propose a parameter identification of a river current and diffusion coefficients by using the reduced Kalman filter finite element method, which has been previously presented and now extended by the authors. For comparison, the estimation computations of velocity, water elevation, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration are carried out on the basis of nonlinear shallow water flow and compared with the observations carried out at the Teganuma river in Japan. A marked discrepancy in COD concentration is found between the computed and observed results. The correlation factor between the computed and observed results is 0.51. To reduce the discrepancy, the authors believe that the diffusion coefficients should be identified. Assuming that the diffusion coefficient is constant in the entire domain and over the entire total duration, satisfactory results were not obtained. Thus, the computational domain is divided into four subdomains according to the water depth. Assuming that the diffusion coefficients are constant in each subdomain, the identification is carried out. Relatively good, albeit unsatisfactory, results are obtained. The discrepancy between the computed and observed COD concentration has special features. In some time zones, the computed results are larger whereas in other time zones, they are smaller than the observed results. To compensate this discrepancy, we assumed that the diffusion coefficient is a function of COD concentration. The correlation factor is improved to be 0.73. The identified diffusion coefficients are time functions that change cyclically with a period of 24 h. This fact suggests that biological phenomenas occurred in the river. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.