bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of the prescribing patterns of opioids for chronic pain management
Authors: Shafiq Syed Farood , Ayaz Muhammad Shoaib , Sikandar Isra , Ali Amjad , Khosa Sajid Husaain , Attaullah Attaullah , Ikram Hamza , Ali Hajra , Ullah Sami , Ullah Izat 
Published: May 2024

The clinical audit aimed to audit the patterns of prescribing opioids at Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, with the emphasis on chronic pain management. The audit is important in the context of reviewing and ensuring optimization of safe opioid prescribing practices, as the risks associated with opioid use include the risks of possible dependency, misuse, and other health complications. It is aimed at optimizing overall patient outcomes and compliance in line with the safer-prescribing standards. The overall essence of the audit is reflected by the history of a 52-year-old male with chronic lower back pain that is presented in this work. The patient has been on different opioids for several years. The identified fields in which opioids must be prescribed properly include the need for strict control and individualized care for patients taking these medications. The major recommendations are the establishment of an opioid stewardship program, regular training for service providers, and the use of electronic monitoring tools for really safer prescribing to reduce the risks related to long-term versus acute opioid use and assure the important component of pain management concerning the medications that provide effectiveness and safety.
The Early Uniate Concept of the History of the Russian Church
Authors: Nemensky О. В. 
Published: May 2024

The Brest Church Union, concluded in 1596 by the Metropolis of Kyiv with Rome, caused a split, or even a schism, in Western Russian society. A significant part of the clergy and Orthodox laypeople from various social strata united against it, including many of those who had initiated the union. The weakness of the union stemmed from the significant differences between its conditions and those formulated by the Orthodox side during its preparation, as well as the absence of the desired outcome — primarily the equalization of the rights of the Eastern Christian population of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth with Catholics. In these conditions, the Uniates faced the task of justifying their decision with historical evidence, which should have proved the inevitability of their choice. They needed to demonstrate that the union with Rome had been established in Rus' since its Christianization, and the decisions of the Church Council of Brest were merely a return to the faith of their ancestors. In practice, they were tasked with providing a new interpretation of Russian history. This new concept was most comprehensively presented in the writing “A Defense of Church Unity” by Archimandrite of the Uniate monastery in Vilnius, Lev Krevza, in 1617, which was also authored by Archbishop of Polotsk, Josaphat Kuntsevych. They portrayed the entirety of history as evidence of Rus' allegiance to Rome, which was only interrupted a few times. As a result of this narrative, the Orthodox Church appears as a relatively recent phenomenon that disrupts the traditional course of Russian history. The analysis of Krevza's and Kuntsevych's depiction of the Russian past reveals that they were proponents of a largely secularized historical perspective heavily influenced by Western Baroque culture. This is clearly evident when comparing their texts with Orthodox responses, particularly in their general approach to historical processes and the historical figures involved, as well as the use of identity concepts. All of this suggests that the post-Brest Uniatism emerged as a new phenomenon, shaped by largely Western early modernist forms of culture that were still foreign to the local Russian tradition at that time.
1829–1839: Russia's Foreign Policy on the Eve of the 1839 Events
Authors: Airapetov O. R. 
Published: May 2024

The resolution of the Uniate schism marked a pivotal moment in Emperor Nicholas I's reign. Initially, there were no indications or plans for substantial changes in policies regarding the Empire's western territories. Petersburg adhered to the tradition of dialogue with the first estate, while Nicholas upheld his predecessor's stance towards the Kingdom of Poland. Viewing the Constitution of 1815 as part of his heritage, Nicholas assumed the title of King of Congress Poland and displayed considerable generosity towards his Polish subjects. Russo-BritishFrench collaboration on the Eastern question, particularly in addressing the pressing Greek issue, created favorable external political circumstances for Petersburg before the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829. This period seemingly marked the end of the monarchical solidarity of the Holy Alliance and preserved the status quo of the Vienna System. However, the revolutionary events of 1830 precipitated significant changes. The demise of the Bourbons severed the possibility of allied or partnership relations with Paris for the foreseeable future. Following the deposition of the Romanovs, sanctioned by the Sejm of rebels in January 1831, the Russo-Polish conflict erupted, resulting in the further dissolution of Polish statehood. Consequently, Emperor’s trust in the Polish nobility waned. The first Egyptian crisis of 1833 reignited tensions among European powers, and by 1836, relations between Petersburg and London teetered on the brink of war for the first time in years. The second Turkish-Egyptian crisis of 1839–1840 once again altered the diplomatical landscape. France, the most ardent supporter of the Poles after 1831, found itself isolated. Austria, as the second Catholic State, aligned itself with Russia. As for Great Britain, the religious policy of London, while supporting the Papal State in Italy, was quite distant from supporting Catholicism in their own territories, especially in Ireland. All these factors created favorable conditions for the reform of 1839.
The Situation of the Uniate Community Within the Russian Empire on the Eve of the Synod of Polotsk of 1839
Authors: Romanchuk A. A. 
Published: May 2024

Drawing from sources of both personal and official origin, the article delves into the condition of the Uniate community in the decades leading up to the Unification Synod of Polotsk in 1839. The position of the Uniates and the state of their religious life at that time exhibited several characteristics that significantly contributed to the success of the project for their collective reunification with the Orthodox Church. The Uniates’ low social status, dismal economic conditions, moral reliance on Latin Catholic landlords, and a notably inadequate level of religious education are highlighted. The conclusion drawn is that the condition of the Uniate community was exacerbated by the legacy of the confessional policy of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, which aimed at fostering religious ignorance among Uniate believers, alongside the socio-economic oppression inflicted upon the common people by the Catholic gentry. The prevailing situation within the Uniate church association failed to foster a conscious commitment among ordinary believers to the union by the end of the 18th century through the second quarter of the 19th century. Additionally, the union, where clericalism prevailed over the course of two centuries, was critically dependent on the most educated and energetic segment of its clergy—the ruling clergy and educators of spiritual youth. There was no assurance that among these individuals, who were subjects of the Russian state, the notion of converting to the dominant religion would not emerge. A significant threat to the Uniate church association stemmed from the discontent among the people regarding the confessional division that emerged following the reunification of the Uniates with the Orthodox Church in 1794–1795. The division severed neighborly, kindred, and even economic ties, prompting a desire among the people to restore a shared affiliation within a single religious denomination.
Orthodoxy in the Belarusian Lands from 1839 to 1917: A Return to the Faith of Ancestors
Authors: Teplova V. A. 
Published: May 2024

The article explores the history of the Orthodox Church in the Belarusian territories from 1839 to 1917. The article investigates the gradual resurgence of Orthodoxy following the Church Council of Polotsk, exploring its stages and the obstacles and challenges encountered during this period. This is attributed to the lasting impact left on the believers’ consciousness by over two centuries of Orthodox Christians staying within the Uniate Greek Catholic Church. Many former Uniates after 1839, who were formally considered Orthodox, for various reasons still attended Roman Catholic churches, confessed to Roman Catholic priests, i.e., in fact, they remained Catholics in practice. According to G.Ya. Kiprianovich, it can be said that “the work of reunification was accomplished, but it was far from over in 1839”. For example, deviations from the Orthodox church charter existed in Orthodox worship, or there were also deviations in the performance of the sacraments. Such phenomena, as well as the persistence of Catholicism in former Uniates, were firstly attributed to the fanaticism of local Latin priests. Secondly, the apparatus of local government in the Belarusian lands was filled with officials with a Polish identity who harbored anti-Russian sentiments. Therefore, during 1839–1917, a complex process of gradual revival and strengthening of Orthodoxy occurred in the Belarusian lands. This difficult path can be divided into several stages, with the first stage spanning from 1839 to 1863– 1864. It was marked by the open proselytizing missionary activity of the Catholic clergy among Orthodox believers. It was overcome by the 1860s. The second period, from the 1860s to 1905, marked the establishment of Orthodoxy and the beginning of outwardly calm relations between the Catholic and Orthodox clergy. During this period, former Uniates affirmed their faith in the traditions of their fathers and grandfathers. After the decree “On Strengthening the Principles of Religious Tolerance” was issued on April 17, 1905, a new stage of acute confrontation between Orthodoxy and Catholicism ensued. However, through extensive missionary activity by the Orthodox clergy, active engagement with the faithful through parochial brotherhoods and parochial schools, this period was overcome by 1914–1917.
The Role of Emperor Nicholas I in the Reunification of the Uniates in 1839
Authors: Khoteev A. S. 
Published: May 2024

The article focuses on clarifying the role of Emperor Nicholas I in the reunification of the Belarusian Uniates. This framing of the issue represents one aspect of examining the influence of the state in this process. It is emphasized that evaluating the significance of the imperial factor must be done in conjunction with assessing the role of Bishop Joseph (Semashko), who was the leader in the initiated case. The article analyses data concerning the religious attitudes of the future emperor and the extent of his familiarity with the particulars of the Belarusian-Lithuanian provinces. It is elucidated that upon ascending the throne, Nicholas I was inclined to continue the policies of his predecessor regarding the Uniates. However, he also demonstrated a tendency to act more decisively, safeguarding them from being transferred to the Latin rite. Additionally, the new Tsar was distrustful of the Poles and their aspirations for a special state status of Poland within the Russian Empire. Beginning with the memorandum of 1827 received from Joseph Semashko, the representative of the Uniate department of the Roman Catholic Ecclesiastical Collegium, outlining measures to transform the Uniate church for its return to the Russian Orthodox Church, Emperor Nicholas I recognized the significance of the plan and approved its implementation. However, the latter was executed with hesitations and delays, partly due to the involvement of other individuals such as state dignitaries and the Orthodox episcopate. Not all of them comprehended and placed trust in Semashko’s plans. For this reason, the Right Reverend Joseph had to persevere on multiple occasions and seek the support of the Emperor. As a result of the preparation for reunification, a request and a conciliar petition addressed to the Tsar were prepared. The Russian monarch accepted both proposals but deferred them to the Holy Synod, which held all the canonical powers necessary to admit Uniates into Eucharistic communion. Accordingly, Emperor Nicholas I fulfilled the role of patron and mediator in resolving the Uniate issue.
Secret Committees on Uniate Affairs and Their Role in the Abolition of the Union
Authors: Shestitko V. V. 
Published: May 2024

The article focuses on the activities of the secret committees during the reign of Nicholas I, which were specifically established to address issues related to the reunification of Uniates in the western provinces of the Russian Empire during the first half of the 19th century. In the majority of studies on the history of reunification, the activities of the secret committees are typically discussed only in broad terms. Frequently, the question of their role in the reunification process remains unresolved. This ambiguity enables historians and publicists to interpret the activities of the committees according to their religious, national, or ideological perspectives. Hence, Catholic historians tend to highlight the mere existence of such committees as evidence of the forced annexation of the Uniates. They often portray the committees as sinister and mysterious agency of the Russian government. This perspective can be attributed to the bitterness of defeat for Catholicism in the events of 1839, but it lacks fairness from a historical standpoint. The article explores the emergence of secret committees during the reign of Nicholas I, focusing specifically on the secret committees dedicated to Uniate affairs. In the historiography of reunification, there is a prevailing opinion that there existed a singular secret committee on Uniate affairs, whose activities persisted intermittently from 1834 to 1839. In reality, there were several secret committees, each distinct in name, composition, and the nature of the issues they addressed. A review of their activities and an analysis of preserved archival sources and historiographical material indicate a lack of nearly any continuity and consistency in their operations. The secret committees, the sole official bodies established by the Government of the Russian Empire to oversee the reunification of Uniates with Orthodoxy, were formed as needed to deliberate and devise solutions to the challenges arising at particular historical junctures in the reunification process. Upon examining the outcomes of the secret committees’ endeavors, it becomes evident that these committees did not serve as architects or implementers of a comprehensive, long-term policy regarding the Uniate Church in the Russian Empire. Instead, they sporadically engaged in the reunification process. Therefore, the assertion that the reunification of the Uniates constituted violence against their religious conscience, orchestrated and executed solely by the forces of the government of the Russian Empire, is unfounded.
Major clinical outcomes of minimally traumatic and aesthetic post-tooth extraction: a systematic review
Authors: Martim Rebeca Rocha , Moreira Livia Alves , Silva Giovana Cezar , Scriboni Andreia Borges 
Published: May 2024

Introduction: After tooth extraction, the alveolar ridge will commonly decrease in volume and change morphologically. These changes can be difficult or even impede the placement of dental implants and prosthetic rehabilitation. Minimizing bone remodeling means optimizing the aesthetics and functional aspects, and mainly, the success of implant treatment. To avoid residual ridge resorption different techniques and bone graft materials have been proposed. Objective: A systematic review was carried out to identify the main clinical outcomes of minimally traumatic and aesthetic tooth extraction. Methods: The PRISMA Platform systematic review rules were followed. The search was carried out from January to February 2024 in the Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 189 articles were found, 45 articles were evaluated in full and 36 were included and developed in the present systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 35 studies with a high risk of bias and 41 studies that did not meet GRADE and AMSTAR-2. Most studies did not show homogeneity in their results, with X2=72.5%>50%. The present study suggests that the alveolar graft technique may increase the risk of disease transmission, cost, and time of treatment. Several studies have stated that the graft material is not fully incorporated into the newly formed bone, indicating less vital bone tissue. Spontaneous scarring is still the most used feature since, in intact alveoli and small defects, it is a procedure that does not present significant losses that justify the use of edge preservation techniques. In larger defects, techniques after spontaneous healing, such as a block graft, can be used without the drawbacks of alveolar grafting, such as delayed healing and poor bone quality. The use of a buccal subepithelial connective tissue graft for extraction sockets in the anterior maxilla can be considered a predictable approach to preserving the contour of the alveolar ridge
PENGGUNAAN PETROGENOL 800 L UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN HAMA LALAT BUAH (BACTROCERA SP) PADA TANAMAN CABAI
Authors: Patty John Alfred 
Published: May 2024

Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan ketrampilan dan pengetahuan praktis kepada masyarakat tentang penggunaan petrogenol 800 L untuk mengendalikan hama lalat buah (Bactrocera sp) pada tanaman cabai. Sasaran pelaksanaan kegiatan ini kepada masyarakat Desa Waimital, Kecamatan Kairatu, Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat. Partisipasi dari masyarakat terhadap kegiatan ini sangat baik. Hal ini berkaitan dengan masalah yang dihadapi cabai, yakni serangan lalat buah (Bactrocera sp) yang menimbulkan kerugian, baik secara kuantitas maupun kualitias. Adanya respons positif dari peserta penyuluhan untuk melanjutkan penggunaan petrogenol 800 L agar meminimalkan biaya pengendalian serta peningkatan pengetahuan petani dalam usaha budidaya cabai. Oleh karena itu, petani sangat membutuhkan informasi terkait dengan penggunaan petrogenol 800 L untuk mengendalikan hama pada pertanaman cabai.
Adherence to complete decongestive therapy in patients with postmastectomy lymphedema and related factors
Authors: Kandasoglu Habibe , Unsal Delialioglu Sibel 
Published: May 2024

Objectives: The study aimed to determine the rates of adherence to phase 2 components of complex decongestive therapy (CDT) and related factors among patients with postmastectomy lymphedema.
Patients and methods: This cross-sectional study included 90 female patients (mean age: 54.4±8.0 years; range, 24 to 65 years) with unilateral postmastectomy lymphedema who completed chemotherapy or radiotherapy and had previously undergone CDT phase 1 at our clinic or elsewhere between May 2018 and May 2019. Patients were included in the study at their usual visit to the lymphedema polyclinic. After physical examination, study questionnaires that involved patients’ demographic and clinic data and Lymphedema Quality of Life scores were recorded. Patients who applied CDT phase 2 methods four days a week or more frequently were considered adherent, while those who applied these methods less frequently or who never applied these methods were considered nonadherent. The body mass index (BMI) scores were classified based on the criteria of the World Health Organization.
Results: Lymphedema stages of the patients were Stage I in 33.3% (n=30), Stage II in 60% (n=54), and Stage III in 6.7% (n=6). The rates of adherence were 74.4% (n=67) for skin care, 46.6% (n=42) for compression garment use, 42.2% (n=38) for self-massage, 42.2% (n=38) for exercise, and 18.8% (n=17) for multilayer bandaging. The rate of adherence to the multilayer bandaging method was found to be significantly higher in the obese group (BMI >30) than in the other BMI groups.
Conclusion: Patient adherence to CDT phase 2 was not sufficient except for the skin care component. There was a significant relationship between BMI and adherence to multilayer bandaging.
Is it possible to objectively determine morning stiffness in rheumatoid arthritis?
Authors: Mengi Gönen , Aydoğmuş Hüseyin , Özyemişçi Taşkıran Özden , Göğüş Feride , Beyazova Mehmet 
Published: May 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to objectively and quantitatively exhibit morning stiffness by using electrophysiological methods.
Patients and methods: The prospective, controlled study was conducted with 52 participants between February 2013 and February 2014. Of the participants, 26 were recruited among RA patients (3 males, 23 females; mean age: 55.9±11.2 years; range, 24 to 74 years) followed at the rheumatology clinic, and 26 were healthy subjects (4 males, 22 females; mean age: 54.9±8.3 years; range, 41 to 70 years) for the control group. Duration and severity of morning stiffness were recorded for all participants. Activity of disease and functional status were evaluated by the Disease Activity Score 28 and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), respectively. Electrophysiological reaction times, severity of pain (Visual Analog Scale), HAQ, and grip strength were measured for each participant twice in 24 h in the morning (08:00-09:00 am) and afternoon (03:00-05:00 pm).
Results: In the RA group, motor reaction and response times and severity of pain values were significantly lower in the afternoon compared to the morning (p=0.030, p=0.031, and p=0.002, respectively), and hand grip strengths were significantly higher in the afternoon (p=0.007). In the control group, no change was observed between morning and afternoon measurements in the strength and reaction time variables.
Conclusion: Our hypothesis that stiffness would slow down the movements in the morning in RA was supported by the prolonged motor and response times in the morning compared to the afternoon. However, in the control group (no morning stiffness), there was no difference in reaction time variables between the morning and afternoon, objectively demonstrating the concept of morning stiffness in this study.