bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calling on kin: Poverty, the family safety net, and child welfare policy
Authors: Gilson Madeleine , Slee Gillian , Desmond Matthew 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined parents' accounts of how their extended kin networks shaped and were shaped by the child protective services (CPS) process.BackgroundArguably the most important recent shift in child welfare policy has been a move away from non‐relative foster care and toward kin placement. Yet increasing family complexity along with network disadvantage may weaken kin support.MethodThis study draws on 81 in‐depth interviews with a sample of parents with prior involvement with the CPS system in New Jersey. Our sample includes 54 Black, 19 white, and 8 Hispanic parents. We used inductive analysis and iterative, qualitative coding to interpret participants' accounts and classify their networks.ResultsParents often indicated that the quality of kin ties helped to steer case outcomes, benefitting parents with supportive and resourced family connections and impairing those isolated from family or embedded in disadvantaged networks. State intervention in the family also affected kin ties, often compromising parents' relationships with relatives.ConclusionThe results of this study reveal that child welfare agencies prioritize kin support as a solution to addressing family needs even though the parents who come under the purview of CPS often lack supportive kin networks. This study has implications for understanding the family safety net and the role of kin networks in government processes.
Cultural repertoires and status safeguarding among rural middle‐class parents
Authors: Backstrom Laura 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated how middle‐class rural parents engaged in status safeguarding in an economically struggling rural community and how the parenting views and practices of rural return migrants impacted the community.BackgroundRural communities seek college‐educated returners to offset outmigration. We know little about how returners impact the community, especially if they return to raise children.MethodThis study analyzed interview data from 15 white, college‐educated parents between the ages of 25 and 38 who returned to their rural hometown to raise their children.ResultsAll returners emphasized their children's choice regarding their future educational and occupational paths, and they equally valued college and skilled trades. In other ways, rural return migrants drew on distinct cultural repertoires in their childrearing strategies. Parents who had not lived in cities before returning relied on a localized cultural repertoire to engage in status safeguarding through reputation management as they monitored cross‐class interactions and emphasized fitting in. In contrast, rural return migrants who had lived in cities drew on a cosmopolitan cultural repertoire that emphasized exposure to cultural amenities and engaged in cultural practices that they saw as distinguishing their children from the local community.ConclusionAlthough the return of college‐educated residents is often celebrated, this study suggests that college‐educated migrants may ultimately maintain inequalities within the community through social class or cultural exclusion based on their cultural repertoires.
Orthognathic surgery improves compromised natural head position and pharyngeal airway in patients with Skeletal Class II or III malocclusion
Authors: Lin Xiaozhen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundNatural head position (NHP), pharyngeal airway and maxillofacial growth pattern are correlated. The author's previous studies proved that following surgical correction of Skeletal Class II malocclusion, the over‐extended NHP returned upright, and the pharyngeal airway space (PAS) dimension expanded.ObjectiveThe present study compares the post‐operative change in NHP and PAS after orthognathic surgery in Skeletal Class II and III malocclusion patients.MethodsPatients receiving orthognathic procedures to correct Skeletal Class II or III malocclusions were reviewed in this retrospective study. Pre‐operative and 6‐week post‐operative cone‐beam computed tomography datasets were collected. Variables representing the craniofacial pattern, the NHP and the PAS were measured three‐dimensionally. Post‐operative variables were compared with their pre‐operative counterparts using either repeat‐measure 2‐way analysis of variance or Wilcoxon matched‐pairs signed rank test.ResultsThirty cases of Skeletal Class II malocclusion and 13 cases of Skeletal Class III malocclusion were collected. Preoperatively, the inter‐group differences were significant in craniofacial pattern (68.14 ± 3.552 degree vs. 79.63 ± 2.497 degree, p < .0001) and the NHP (68.77 ± 11.02 degree vs. 82.83 ± 7.738 degree, p = .0002) while not significant in PAS; after surgery, the intergroup differences in craniofacial pattern and the NHP between groups decreased, and the PAS increased in both groups.ConclusionOrthognathic surgery may improve compromised NHP and increase PAS in Skeletal Class II and III malocclusion patients.
Tune collecting and musical taxonomies in eighteenth‐century English tunebooks
Authors: Little Alice 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMusic collecting in the late eighteenth century was as much an intellectual practice as a practical one, therefore, the organization of tunes in manuscript tunebooks gives us insight into the worldviews of tunebook compilers. This article introduces some of the literature on tune collecting and categorization, and describes attempts by music historians in the twentieth century to categorize tunebooks. It shows that considering the categorization of tunes only as a practical matter ignores the intellectual function of categorization. It argues that to understand manuscript tunebooks better these sources should be approached as the product of collecting activity and not just as a by‐product of music making. An expanded methodological approach, incorporating the history of collecting, biographical methods, and material culture studies, can provide insight into how tunebook compilers used their collections to order their worlds.
Safety/efficacy of atezolizumab + bevacizumab during anti‐platelet/anticoagulation therapy in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Moriguchi Michihisa , Okuda Keiichiro , Horiguchi Go , Kataoka Seita , Seko Yuya , Yamaguchi Kanji , Nishimura Takeshi , Fujii Hideki , Mitsumoto Yasuhide , Miyagawa Masami , Kirishima Toshihiko , Okishio Shinya , Hara Tasuku , Ishikawa Hiroki , Nagao Yasuyuki , Jo Masayasu , Ishii Michiaki , Tanaka Saiyu , Yamauchi Norihito , Mitsuyoshi Hironori , Nakajima Tomoki , Taketani Hiroyoshi , Yano Kota , Arai Masahiro , Umemura Atsushi , Itoh Yoshito 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsThis study aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of atezolizumab + bevacizumab therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma patients receiving anti‐platelet agents or anticoagulants.MethodsPatients were divided into those using (IM out) and those not using (IM in) anti‐platelet agents or anticoagulants, who violated the exclusion criteria of the IMbrave150 trial, and were retrospectively examined.ResultsThe study included 185 patients (IM in: 157; IM out: 28). For first‐line treatment, progression‐free survival was 184 days for IM in and 266 days for IM out (p = .136). Overall survival was 603 days for IM in and not reached for IM out (p = .265), with no significant between‐group difference. Similarly, there were no significant between‐group differences in progression‐free survival or overall survival for later‐line treatment. Haemorrhagic adverse events of ≥grade 3 were observed in 11 IM in patients and 3 IM out patients. No significant factors associated with haemorrhagic adverse events of ≥grade 3 were identified in the multivariate analysis including IM out classification, whose p value was .547. Regarding thrombotic/embolic adverse events in the IM out group, one case of exacerbation of portal vein thrombosis was observed. No deaths were directly attributable to bleeding events or exacerbations of thrombosis.ConclusionAtezolizumab + bevacizumab therapy shows similar safety and efficacy in patients receiving and those not receiving anti‐platelet agents or anticoagulants; therefore, it can be considered for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma receiving anti‐platelet agents or anticoagulants.
Hidden invasiveness of non‐native Schlegel's Japanese gecko (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae) and three‐way competition among natives and non‐natives in Japan
Authors: Chiba Minoru , Chiba Satoshi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the invasiveness of Gekko japonicus, a prevalent gecko species in Japan and an ancient non‐native species, focusing on its competition with both the undescribed endemic Gekko species (referred to as Nishiyamori in Japanese) and G. hokouensis. These species are co‐distributed with G. japonicus, leading us to hypothesize that G. japonicus was invasive upon its initial introduction. We employed niche analysis and population genetics through ddRAD‐seq to assess the historical invasiveness of G. japonicus by comparing regions with and without interspecies competition. Our niche analysis across the Goto Islands, Hiradojima Island (colonized by G. japonicus) and the Koshikishima Islands (not colonized by G. japonicus) indicated that endemic Gekko sp. alter their microhabitat usage in response to invasions by other gecko species, despite having similar suitable habitats and microhabitat preferences. Population genetic analysis revealed significant population declines in Gekko sp. within areas of introduced competition, in contrast to stable populations in areas without such competition. These findings suggest a tripartite competitive relationship among the gecko species, with G. japonicus and G. hokouensis invasions restricting the distribution of the endemic Gekko sp. Consequently, G. japonicus may have historically acted as an invasive species. Acknowledging the historical dynamics of current biodiversity is crucial for addressing complex ecological issues and making informed conservation decisions.
Dynamic Microcirculation Characteristics of Plantar Skin Under Metatarsal Head of Human Foot in Response to Life‐Like Pressure Stimulus
Authors: Zhang Zhenming , Chen Wen‐Ming , Yang Xiong‐Gang , Zhang Xingyu , Wang Xu , Huang Jiazhang , Zhang Chao , Geng Xiang , Ma Xin 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveDiabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a severe complication with high mortality. High plantar pressure and poor microcirculation are considered main causes of DFU. The specific aims were to provide a novel technique for real‐time measurement of plantar skin blood flow (SBF) under walking‐like pressure stimulus and delineate the first plantar metatarsal head dynamic microcirculation characteristics because of life‐like loading conditions in healthy individuals.MethodsTwenty young healthy participants (14 male and 6 female) were recruited. The baseline (i.e., unloaded) SBF of soft tissue under the first metatarsal head were measured using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). A custom‐made machine was utilized to replicate daily walking pressure exertion for 5 min. The exerted plantar force was adjusted from 10 N (127.3 kPa) to 40 N (509.3 kPa) at an increase of 5 N (63.7 kPa). Real‐time SBF was acquired using the LDF. After each pressure exertion, postload SBF was measured for comparative purposes. Statistical analysis was performed using the R software.ResultsAll levels of immediate‐load and postload SBF increased significantly compared with baseline values. As the exerted load increased, the postload and immediate‐load SBF tended to increase until the exerted load reached 35 N (445.6 kPa). However, in immediate‐load data, the increasing trend tended to level off as the exerted pressure increased from 15 N (191.0 kPa) to 25 N (318.3 kPa). For postload and immediate‐load SBF, they both peaked at 35 N (445.6 kPa). However, when the exerted force exceeds 35 N (445.6 kPa), both the immediate‐load and postload SBF values started to decrease.ConclusionsOur study offered a novel real‐time plantar soft tissue microcirculation measurement technique under dynamic conditions. For the first metatarsal head of healthy people, 20 N (254.6 kPa)‐plantar pressure has a fair microcirculation stimulus compared with higher pressure. There might be a pressure threshold at 35 N (445.6 kPa) for the first metatarsal head, and soft tissue microcirculation may decrease when local pressure exceeds it.
Management of Suspected Peripheral Vascular Injuries in Orthopedic Trauma
Authors: Li Bo , Tian Xuan , Fei Han , Li Guoshen , Wu Xinbao 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveIn orthopedic trauma, identification of extremity trauma combined with vascular injury is challenging. Missed diagnosis may result in amputation or even death. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether physical examination combined with handheld vascular ultrasound Doppler examination could be an effective method of screening for peripheral vascular injury and to explore the characteristics of vascular injuries in orthopedic trauma patients.MethodsRetrospective analysis of patients in the emergency department of orthopedic trauma in our hospital from January 2022 to October 2023. Physical examination combined with handheld vascular ultrasound Doppler examination was used as a screening method for suspected vascular injuries. Patients with suspected vascular injury would undergo further angiography and receive multidisciplinary treatment. Angiography was used as the gold standard for diagnosing vascular injuries. Patient demographics, mechanism of injury, location and type of injury, angiographic results, surgical notes, and early treatment outcome data were recorded.ResultsA total of 55 cases (58 limb injuries) with suspected vascular injury were ultimately included. Angiography revealed that 53 cases (55 limbs, positive rate 94.8%) were considered to have confirmed vascular injuries. Forty‐three were male (81.1%) and 10 were female (18.9%), with mean age 44.1 ± 16.6 years. The main mechanism of injury was traffic accident (30, 56.7%). Most common site of vascular injuries was knee joint (30/55, 54.5%), and popliteal artery (23, 47.9%) was the most commonly injured blood vessel. After multidisciplinary collaborative treatment, overall patient mortality was 3.8% (2/53), and limb survival rate among surviving patients was 81.1% (43/53) in our study.ConclusionIn orthopedic trauma, “Hard signs” and “soft signs” combined with handheld vascular ultrasound Doppler examination were effective ways to screen for suspected vascular injuries. Most limbs had associated fractures or dislocations at the site of vascular injury. Collaboration of vascular surgery, microsurgery and orthopedic trauma may help improve patients' prognosis.
Engineering social concepts: Feasibility and causal models
Authors: Neufeld Eleonore 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHow feasible are conceptual engineering projects of social concepts that aim for the engineered concept to be deployed in people's ordinary conceptual practices? Predominant frameworks on the psychology of concepts that shape work on stereotyping, bias, and machine learning have grim implications for the prospects of conceptual engineers: conceptual engineering efforts are ineffective in promoting certain social‐conceptual changes. Since conceptual components that give rise to problematic social stereotypes are sensitive to statistical structures of the environment, purely conceptual change won't be possible without corresponding world change. This tradition, however, tends to ignore that concepts don't only encode statistical, but also causal information. Paying attention to this feature of concepts, I argue, shows that conceptual engineering is not only possible. There is an imperative to conceptually‐engineer.
Corruptio boni: An alternative to the privation theory of evil
Authors: de Ray Christophe 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe classic ‘privation theory’ of evil defines evil as an absence (or ‘privation’) of a good that ought to obtain. Despite its historical importance, privation theory is faced with a number of serious difficulties. I outline two of these difficulties and argue that they continue to pose a threat. I then present ‘corruption theory’, an alternative theory of evil reconstructed from some of Augustine's writings on the subject. I argue that this theory shares the strengths of privation theory, while evading its problems.
A study of the effect of natural brown cotton gauze on the healing of infected wounds
Authors: Jin Shidie , Jin Zimin , Zhou Wenlong , Jin Jing , Sun Yuqiang , Jin Zihao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundMedical dressings are designed to promote wound healing and reduce infection. The aim of project is to investigate the effect of natural brown colored cotton dressings on the healing of infected wounds in E.coli animals.Materials and methodsIn this study, degreased white cotton gauze was used as the control group, with degreased brown cotton gauze and degreased bleached brown cotton gauze as the experimental group 1 and experimental group 2, to investigate the effect on the repair of post‐infectious wound damage in animals by establishing an infected wound model in rats with E.coli as the infecting organism.ResultsThe ability to promote healing of infected wounds was investigated by analyzing the wound healing status, macroscopic wound healing rate, hematoxylin‐eosin staining, Masson staining, secretion of inflammatory factors by Elisa assay. The result showed that at day 14 of wound healing, the macroscopic wound healing rate was greater than 98% for all three groups of dressings; the collagen content reached 49.85 ± 5.84% in the experimental group 1 and 53.48 ± 5.32% in the experimental group 2, which was higher than the control group; brown cotton gauze promotes skin wound healing by shortening the inflammatory period in both groups. The expression of three inflammatory factors THF‐α, IL‐2, and IL‐8 and three cytokines MMP‐3, MMP‐8, and MMP‐9 were lower than that of the control group.ConclusionsIt was found that natural brown cotton gauze has better repairing and promoting healing effect on infected wounds. It opens up the application of natural brown cotton gauze in the treatment of infected wounds.
Cholecystokinin‐expressing superficial tufted cells modulate odour representation in the olfactory bulb and olfactory behaviours
Authors: Chen Fengjiao , He Ao , Tang Qingnan , Li Shan , Liu Xingyu , Yin Zhaoyang , Yao Quanbei , Yu Yiqun , Li Anan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn mammals, odour information within the olfactory bulb (OB) is processed by complex neural circuits before being ultimately represented in the action potential activity of mitral/tufted cells (M/Ts). Cholecystokinin‐expressing (CCK+) superficial tufted cells (sTCs) are a subset of tufted cells that potentially contribute to olfactory processing in the OB by orchestrating M/T activity. However, the exact role of CCK+ sTCs in modulating odour processing and olfactory function in vivo is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that manipulating CCK+ sTCs can generate perception and induce place avoidance. Optogenetic activation/inactivation of CCK+ sTCs exerted strong but differing effects on spontaneous and odour‐evoked M/T firing. Furthermore, inactivation of CCK+ sTCs disrupted M/T odour encoding and impaired olfactory detection and odour discrimination. These results establish the role of CCK+ sTCs in odour representation and olfactory behaviours.
imageKey points
Mice could perceive the activity of CCK+ sTCs and show place avoidance to CCK+ sTC inactivation.
Optical activation of CCK+ sTCs increased the percentage of cells with odour response but reduced the odour‐evoked response in M/Ts in awake mice.
Optical inactivation of CCK+ sTCs greatly decreased spontaneous firing and odour‐evoked response in M/Ts.
Inactivation of CCK+ sTCs impairs the odour decoding performance of M/Ts and disrupts odour detection and discrimination behaviours in mice.
These results indicate that CCK+ sTCs participate in modulating the odour representation and maintaining normal olfactory‐related behaviours.
Determinants of the Number of Main Canals in a Tooth: Deciphering Potential Mechanisms
Authors: Moreno Robalino Andrea Alejandra , Álvarez Vásquez José Luis 
Published: June 2024

Background: Although millions of root canal treatments are performed globally on a daily basis, factors that determine the number of main root canals in a tooth have not yet been elucidated. Variations in the number of root canals in different teeth is of utmost importance in clinical practice. However, clinicians aren´t aware about the determinants of such number, let alone these determinants have been approached in the literature, to the best of our knowledge. Purpose: This narrative review aimed to integrate the potential mechanisms involved in determining the number of main canals in a permanent tooth. Methods: We used the search terms “root canal number,” “root canal morphology,” “tooth morphology,” “root development,” and “root formation” to identify articles from the PubMed and Scopus databases. Results: 57 articles and 2 books were obtained. A multifactorial basis is plausible considering the influence of anthropological, demographic, environmental, genetic, epigenetic, tooth size related mechanisms and the pivotal role of Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath. Live-cell imaging techniques, mathematical models, quantitative genetics and dental phenomics could provide insightful information in the near future. Conclusions: Overall, it seems that the potential mechanisms determining the number of main canals in a tooth have a multifactorial basis. The orchestrating role of the Hertwig's epithelial root sheath seems pivotal, although the speciﬁc regulatory signals that induce or repress its diaphragmatic processes remain unknown. However, there is a dire need for molecular studies that help unveil these and other potential mechanisms involved.
Conocimiento sobre la prescripción de antibióticos entre estudiantes de odontología del octavo y noveno semestre
Authors: Sánchez Sarango Gabriela Jazmín , Paltas Miranda Mayra Elizabeth , Cortés Luna Jorge Alberto 
Published: June 2024

Antecedentes: Los estudiantes de Odontología están involucrados en la prescripción de antibióticos; los cuales, a nivel mundial son recetados en exceso. Objetivo: Evaluar conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de prescripción antibiótica mediante encuesta en estudiantes de octavo y noveno semestre de Odontología. Metodología: Estudio transversal analítico que registró información en un solo momento sin interferir en la muestra, busca explicar la asociación entre nivel de conocimientos en prescripción antibiótica con sexo y semestre, el estudio fue realizado en 109 estudiantes, con una muestra no probabilística. En Google Formularios se realizó encuesta tomada del artículo de Cortés & Montenegro enviada a los correos institucionales sobre conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de los antibióticos en cuatro dominios: caracterización de la práctica médica, conocimiento sobre el proceso diagnóstico, actitudes de los encuestados con respecto a las afirmaciones, prácticas en uso de antibióticos. Se analizaron datos en paquete estadístico SPSS versión 26.0. Se realizó Chi cuadrado de Pearson y t-Student con nivel de significancia 5 %. Resultado: El 43,1 % de estudiantes presentaron nivel de conocimiento deficiente sobre prescripción antibiótica, 46,8 % regular y 10,1 % aceptable. Se encontró un nivel de significancia p=0,77 entre nivel de conocimiento con sexo y p>0,40 entre nivel de conocimiento con semestre. Conclusiones: Los estudiantes de Odontología de octavo semestre mostraron mejor nivel de conocimiento en prescripción antibiótica; mientras que, en relación con el sexo las mujeres tuvieron mejores resultados y el nivel de significancia indica que no existe relación entre el nivel de conocimiento con semestre y sexo.