bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promoting Stair Use by Modeling: An Experimental Application of the Behavioral Ecological Model
Authors: Adams Marc A. , Hovell Melbourne F. , Irvin Veronica , Sallis James F. , Coleman Karen J. , Liles Sandy 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. This study evaluated the effect of behavioral modeling and social factors promoting stair use. Design. Alternating baseline and intervention phase experimental design. Setting. San Diego International Airport, San Diego, California. Subjects. Stair use was coded for 15,574 filmed participants. Intervention. This study compared the effects of three types of behavioral modeling: natural models (i.e., passersby), single experimental model (i.e., confederate), and confederate model pairs providing verbal prompts. Measures. Variables were coded based on systematic observation of videotapes, including demographics, day and time, and the following indicators of physical and social reinforcement contingencies: dress, luggage, children, social group, and speed. Reliability ranged from .64 to .88. Analysis. Bivariate and logistic regression models stratified by gender. Results. Stair use increased over baseline by 102.6% with no model present and by 61.8% in the presence of natural models for men and women (p < .001). Controlling for multiple covariates, the odds ratios for stair use ranged from 1.76 to 2.93 for men and from 1.82 to 2.54 for women across the levels with natural and confederate models present (all p < .001). Conclusion. Modeling can prompt stair use, and findings for social and environmental reinforcement contingencies support the Behavioral Ecological Model. Modeling may explain partial maintenance of stair use in public areas after removal of prompts (e.g., signs, banners). Results inform interventions for increasing physical activity as part of daily routines.
A Perceived Benefits and Barriers Scale for Strenuous Physical Activity in College Students
Authors: Brown Seth A. , Huber Daniel , Bergman Amber 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. Due to relatively low physical activity among college students, a standardized, reliable, and valid scale of perceived benefits and barriers for this population is critical. The purpose of this study was to develop a new scale, the Physical Activity Benefits and Barriers Scale, and determine whether the scale was appropriate for college students. Methods. An exploratory factor analysis of 26 benefit and 24 barrier items of physical activity was administered to 493 college students, followed by an examination of the relationship between the newly derived factors and physical activity, as well as test-retest reliability. Results. Twenty-eight items loaded on 10 factors that accounted for 60% of the variance, and 9 of the 10 factors were moderately associated with strenuous physical activity. Discussion. Psychometric properties were acceptable on this new scale, with the low motivation factor accounting for the highest amount of the variance in strenuous physical activity.
Work-to-Family Spillover and Fruit and Vegetable Consumption among Construction Laborers
Authors: Devine Carol M. , Stoddard Anne M. , Barbeau Elizabeth M. , Naishadham Deepa , Sorensen Glorian 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. Spillover is the effect of one role on another as working adults attempt to integrate demands from work and family. We conducted a survey to understand how worker, job, and family characteristics were related to negative work-to-family spillover and how spillover was related to fruit and vegetable consumption to inform intervention design. Design. A combined mail and telephone survey. Setting. A national random sample in the United States. Subjects. 1108 (44% response) unionized construction laborers. Measures. Personal characteristics, job factors, family factors, work-to-family spillover, and fruit and vegetable consumption. Analysis. Multivariable logistic and least-squares regression. Results. A range of 20% to 50% of respondents reported negative work-to-family spillover, agreeing that work demands, time, fatigue, and stress interfered with family meals or food choices. Higher spillover was associated with job factors, being of white race/ethnicity, and having children at home. Lower fruit and vegetable consumption was associated with higher work-to-family spillover (p = .002), being of white race or ethnicity (p < .0001), and working the graveyard or day shift (p = .02). Conclusion. Negative experience of work-to-family spillover may link employment to fruit and vegetable consumption and thus to worker health. Understanding the contribution of spillover to fruit and vegetable consumption aids understanding of how work experience affects health.
Highly Enantioselective Epoxidation of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones Catalyzed by Primary‐Secondary Diamines
Authors: Lu Yingpeng , Zheng Changwu , Yang Yingquan , Zhao Gang , Zou Gang 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe asymmetric epoxidation of α,β‐unsaturated ketones has been achieved by using functional and readily accessible primary‐secondary diamines as the catalysts, giving the useful alkyl epoxy products with good yields and high enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee).
In situ Acidic Carbon Dioxide/Ethanol System for Selective Oxybromination of Aromatic Ethers Catalyzed by Copper Chloride
Authors: Liu An‐Hua , He Liang‐Nian , Hua Fang , Yang Zhen‐Zhen , Huang Cheng‐Bin , Yu Bing , Li Bin 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAn environmentally benign carbon dioxide/ethanol reversible acidic system was developed for the copper(II)‐catalyzed regioselective oxybromination of aromatic ethers without the need of any conventional acid additive and organic solvent. Good to excellent yields together with very good regioselectivity were achieved when easily available cupric chloride dihydrate was used as catalyst and lithium bromide as the cheap and easy‐to‐handle bromine source under supercritical carbon dioxide conditions. Notably, the catalytic system worked well for a wide range of aromatic ethers including sulfides, resulting in the formation of the mono‐brominated products in high yields and exclusive regioselectivity. The alkylcarbonic acid in situ formed from ethanol and carbon dioxide is assumed to play the crucial role in the Brønsted acid‐promoted reaction, which could probably act as the proton donator, and was studied employing in situ FT‐IR technique under carbon dioxide pressure by monitoring the vibration shift of the hydroxy group of ethanol. Given with excellent bromine atom efficiency as well as no need of neutralization in waste disposal, this approach thus represents a greener pathway for the aerobic bromination of aromatic ethers. A possible catalytic cycle for the in situ alkylcarbonic acid‐assisted oxybomination and the effect of supercritical carbon dioxide, i.e., activation of alcohol and enhancement of mass transfer are also discussed.
A Tuneable Bifunctional Water‐Compatible Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Selective Aqueous Hydrogenation of Phenols
Authors: Liu Hongli , Li Yingwei , Luque Rafael , Jiang Huanfeng 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA water‐tolerant bifunctional heterogeneous catalyst is able to effectively catalyse the selective hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanone in water at atmospheric pressure and room temperature with >99.9% selectivity to cyclohexanone at phenol conversions >99.9%. The catalyst was found to be highly active and reusable, giving identical activities and selectivities after >5 uses. Moreover, this reported simple bifunctional catalyst is also able to hydrogenate a range of substituted phenols in high yields under the investigated aqueous conditions.
Improved Stability and Catalytic Activity of Palladium Nanoparticle Catalysts using Phosphine‐Functionalized Imidazolium Ionic Liquids
Authors: Luska Kylie L. , Moores Audrey 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPalladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) stabilized by 6 different phosphine‐functionalized ionic liquids (PFILs) were synthesized in imidazolium‐based ionic liquids (ILs) using H2(g) (4 bar) as a reductant. Characterization showed well‐dispersed particles of ∼3 nm (TEM) and confirmed the PFIL stabilization of the NPs (XPS). The PFILs were composed of an imidazolium functionality separated from the phosphine group by a propyl or undecyl chain. The counter anions for both FILs and IL solvents were chosen from N‐bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Tf2N−), trifluoromethanesulfonate (TfO−) or hexafluorophosphate (PF6−). Colloidal suspensions of the Pd NPs were employed as biphasic hydrogenation catalysts for the reduction of the olefinic bond in styrene under mild conditions (50 °C, 4 bar H2(g), 1.5 h). The PFIL‐stabilized Pd NPs were effective hydrogenation catalysts and showed superior activity and recyclability over NPs synthesized in the absence of PFILs. Poisoning tests of the Pd NP catalysts and characterization of the electronic properties of the phosphine were also performed.
Facile Construction of Vicinal Quaternary and Tertiary Stereocenters via Regio‐ and Stereoselective Organocatalytic Michael Addition to Nitrodienes
Authors: Chauhan Pankaj , Chimni Swapandeep Singh 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA highly regio‐ and stereoselective protocol for the synthesis of vicinal quaternary and tertiary stereocenters has been developed. The 6′‐OH Cinchona alkaloids (BnCPN or BnCPD) at low catalyst loading (0.5–5 mol%) catalyze the Michael addition of trisubstituted carbon nucleophiles to nitrodienes in good to excellent yield (up to >99), high enantioselectivity (up to 99% ee) and high diastereoselectivity (up to >99:1 dr) under mild reaction conditions.
A Chiral Microporous Polymer Network as Asymmetric Heterogeneous Organocatalyst
Authors: Bleschke Christian , Schmidt Johannes , Kundu Dipti S. , Blechert Siegfried , Thomas Arne 
Published: November 2011

AbstractMicroporous polymer networks, composed of structure‐directing monomers (tectons), can exhibit high permanent surface area and porosity. By choice of suitable tectons various functionalities can be introduced into such networks. Here we introduce chiral BINOL derivatives as novel tectons to generate microporosity in polymer networks. The use of such monomers enables the formation of networks composed solely out of enantiomerically pure compounds. This porous network can be used as a heterogeneous organocatalyst in asymmetric reactions and gives higher enantioselectivty than the homogeneous reaction.
Highly Active Palladium Catalyst for the Sonogashira Coupling Reaction of Unreactive Aryl Chlorides
Authors: Lee Dong‐Hwan , Kwon Young‐Jun , Jin Myung‐Jong 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis communication reports on the β‐diketiminatophosphane palladium‐catalyzed copper‐free Sonogashira coupling of aryl chlorides with alkynes. A catalyst loading of 0.5 mol% is sufficient to achieve high performance under relatively mild reaction conditions. Furthermore, dialkynylbenzenes are efficiently prepared by one‐pot double Sonogashira couplings of aryl dichlorides.
Sex differences in repetitive stereotyped behaviors in autism: Implications for genetic liability
Authors: Szatmari Peter , Liu Xiao‐Qing , Goldberg Jeremy , Zwaigenbaum Lonnie , Paterson Andrew D. , Woodbury‐Smith Marc , Georgiades Stelios , Duku Eric , Thompson Ann 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe implications of the well known sex differences in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are not well understood. The aim of this paper was to investigate whether these differences might be associated with differences in genetic liability. Individuals with ASD (970 families, 2,028 individuals) were recruited as part of the Autism Genome Project (AGP). The families were differentiated into families containing a female (either female–female or male–female) and those with only males. If the sex with the lower prevalence is associated with a greater genetic liability necessary to cross sex‐specific thresholds, the males from female containing families should be more severely affected than males from male only families. Affected subjects from the different types of families with ASD were sampled and compared on the social reciprocity and repetitive behavior scores from the Autism Diagnostic Interview‐Revised (ADI‐R). In general, females had lower repetitive behavior scores than males. More importantly, males from female containing families had higher repetitive behavior scores than males from male–male families. No such differences were apparent on the social reciprocity scores. These results support the hypothesis of a multiple threshold model of genetic liability of ASD with females having a higher liability for affectation status, at least on the repetitive behavior dimension of the disorder. These data also support the dissociation of the different phenotypic dimensions of ASD in terms of its genetic architecture. The implications of these results for linkage and association studies are discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Detection of biological uranium reduction using magnetic resonance
Authors: Vogt Sarah J. , Stewart Brandy D. , Seymour Joseph D. , Peyton Brent M. , Codd Sarah L. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe conversion of soluble uranyl ions (UO) by bacterial reduction to sparingly soluble uraninite (UO2(s)) is being studied as a way of immobilizing subsurface uranium contamination. Under anaerobic conditions, several known types of bacteria including iron and sulfate reducing bacteria have been shown to reduce U (VI) to U (IV). Experiments using a suspension of uraninite (UO2(s)) particles produced byShewanella putrefaciensCN32 bacteria show a dependence of both longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2) magnetic resonance (MR) relaxation times on the oxidation state and solubility of the uranium. Gradient echo and spin echo MR images were compared to quantify the effect caused by the magnetic field fluctuations ($T_{2}^{*} $) of the uraninite particles and soluble uranyl ions. Since the precipitate studied was suspended in liquid water, the effects of concentration and particle aggregation were explored. A suspension of uraninite particles was injected into a polysaccharide gel, which simulates the precipitation environment of uraninite in the extracellular biofilm matrix. A reduction in theT2of the gel surrounding the particles was observed. Tests done in situ using three bioreactors under different mixing conditions, continuously stirred, intermittently stirred, and not stirred, showed a quantifiableT2magnetic relaxation effect over the extent of the reaction. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:877–883. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fluorescence Detection of Single‐Nucleotide Polymorphism with Single‐Strand Triplex‐Forming DNA Probes
Authors: Li Xinpeng , Wang Yuan , Guo Jiajie , Tang Xinjing 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTriple‐helix‐forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) are widespread in the genome and have been found in regulatory regions, especially in promoter zones and recombination hotspots of DNA. To specifically detect these polypurine sequences, we designed and synthesized two dual pyrene‐labeled single‐strand oligonucleotide probes (TFO‐FPs) consisting of recognition, linker, and detection sequences. The hybridization processes of TFO‐FPs with target polypurine oligonucleotides involve both Watson–Crick and Hoogsteen base‐pairings. Through double sensing of oligonucleotide sequences, single mutations of target oligonucleotides are detected by monitoring changes in pyrene fluorescence. The high specificities of the probes are maintained over a wide temperature range without sacrifice of hybridization kinetics.
ChemInform Abstract: A Tertiary Amine as A Hydride Donor: Trichlorosilyl Triflate‐Mediated Conjugate Reduction of Unsaturated Ketones.
Authors: Kotani Shunsuke , Osakama Kazuki , Sugiura Masaharu , Nakajima Makoto 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDeuterium‐labeling experiments reveal that the α‐hydrogen of the amine is transferred to the β‐position of the ketone.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐ and Palladium‐Catalyzed 1,5‐Substitution Reactions of 2‐En‐4‐yne Acetates and Carbonates with Organoboronic Acids.
Authors: Uecuencue Muhammed , Karakus Erman , Kus Melih , Akpinar Guerkan Eray , Aksin‐Artok Oezge , Krause Norbert , Karaca Sila , Elmaci Nuran , Artok Levent 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe reaction of (E)‐ and (Z)‐enyne carbonates and (Z)‐enyne acetates allows convenient access to (E)‐configurated vinylallenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Alkynylation of Secondary α‐Bromo Carbonyl Compounds via Stille Coupling.
Authors: Kang Jun Yong , Connell Brian T. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPd‐catalyzed treatment of α‐bromo esters and amides with alkynylstannanes allows new access to secondary alkynyl carbonyl compounds of type (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Potassium Boc‐Protected Aminomethyltrifluoroborate with Aryl and Hetaryl Halides.
Authors: Molander Gary A. , Shin Inji 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe reaction of various chlorides with borate (II) in the presence of either SPhos (Ia) or XPhos (Ib) affords synthetically important aminomethyl units.
ChemInform Abstract: Water Opportunities: Catalyst and Solvent in Mukaiyama Aldol Addition of Rawal′s Diene to Carbonyl Derivatives.
Authors: De Rosa Margherita , Soriente Annunziata 
Published: November 2011

AbstractReaction of Rawal′s diene (I) with aromatic (II) and aliphatic aldehydes (IV) in aqueous solution in the absence of any catalyst proceeds via a Mukaiyama aldol pathway to give adducts (III) and (V), resp., in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient and Stereoselective Synthesis of Symmetrical (E)‐Stilbenes via Homocoupling of 1,3‐Dibenzylbenzotriazolium Bromides.
Authors: Xiao Xiaohui , Lin Daqin , Tong Shuitian , Luo Hong , He Yinfeng , Mo Hailan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTreatment of the bromides (I) and (III) with NaH results in a highly stereoselective homocoupling to give (E)‐stilbenes as exclusive or main products.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component and One‐Pot Reaction Between Trimethyl Phosphite, Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate and Ethyl 4‐Aryl‐2,4‐dioxobutanoates
Authors: Aboee‐Mehrizi Fateme , Mosslemin Mohammad H. , Rustaiyan Abdolhossein , Hassanabadi Alireza , Abutalebi Ali , Salari Maryam 
Published: November 2011

Abstractas a simple and efficient route for the stereoselective synthesis of trans‐cyclobutene derivatives (III) (8 examples)
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Functional Group Compatible Rh‐Catalyzed Addition of Arylboroxines to Activated N‐tert‐Butanesulfinyl Ketimines.
Authors: Jung Hyung Hoon , Buesking Andrew W. , Ellman Jonathan A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractArylboroxines with labile functional groups, that are not compatible with Grignard and organolithium reagents, are converted with moderate to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Construction of Oxa‐Aza Spirobicycles via a Tandem Carbon—Hydrogen Bond Oxidation.
Authors: Sun Yi , Gan Jianhong , Fan Renhua 
Published: November 2011

AbstractN‐Tosyl protection of the substrates is essential as the N‐Mes and N‐Bz analogues behave differently and no reaction takes place when N‐Ac derivatives are applied.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrosynthesis of Substituted 1H‐Indoles from o‐Nitrostyrenes.
Authors: Du Peng , Brosmer Jonathan L. , Peters Dennis G. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe reaction proceeds electrochemically on the carbon cathode using Me4NBF4 as a supporting electrolyte in DMF in the presence of phenol as a proton source.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Enantioselective Synthesis of 3‐Aminochroman Derivatives Through Ruthenium‐Synphos Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation.
Authors: Wu Zi , Ayad Tahar , Ratovelomanana‐Vidal Virginie 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe synthetically important and pharmaceutically interesting structural units are obtained with high enantioselectivities, except in the case of the sterically hindered ortho‐substituted substrate (IIIa).
ChemInform Abstract: A Catalyst‐Free Benzylic C—H Bond Olefination of Azaarenes for Direct Mannich‐Like Reactions.
Authors: Yan Yizhe , Xu Kun , Fang Yang , Wang Zhiyong 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTreatment of methylazaarenes with N‐sulfonyl aldimines under catalyst‐free conditions allows efficient and selective access to (E)‐alkenylazaarenes.
ChemInform Abstract: A Concise Synthesis of the HCV Protease Inhibitor BILN 2061 and Its P3 Modified Analogues.
Authors: Liu Dejun , Dong Jingchao , Yin Yunxing , Ma Rujian , Shi Yifeng , Wu Hao , Chen Shuhui , Li Ge 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn contrast to the previously described 7‐step route, the synthesis of BILN 2061 (VII) is accomplished in 4 steps starting from (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of Chiral Tryptophan Derivatives Using Negishi Cross‐Coupling.
Authors: Tanaka Minoru , Hikawa Hidemasa , Yokoyama Yuusaku 
Published: November 2011

AbstractNegishi coupling of 3‐bromoindole derivatives with zincated iodoaniline provides access to a diversity of chiral tryptophan derivatives (III) in moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Flavans from Iris tenuifolia and Their Effects on β‐Amyloid Aggregation and Neural Stem Cells Profliferation in vitro.
Authors: Cui Yan‐Mei , Wang Hui , Liu Quan‐Ru , Han Mei , Lu Yang , Zhao Chang‐Qi 
Published: November 2011

AbstractNew flavans (I) and flavanone (II) are isolated along with three known compounds from the roots of Iris tenuifolia.
MQD—Multiplex‐Quadrature Detection in Multi‐Dimensional NMR
Authors: Schlagnitweit Judith , Horničáková Michaela , Zuckerstätter Gerhard , Müller Norbert 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWith multiplex‐quadrature detection (MQD) the tasks of coherence selection and quadrature separation in N‐dimensional heteronuclear NMR experiments are merged. Thus the number of acquisitions required to achieve a desired resolution in the indirect dimensions is significantly reduced. The minimum number of transients per indirect data point, which have to be combined to give pure‐phase spectra, is thus decreased by a factor (3/4)N−1. This reduction is achieved without adjustable parameters. We demonstrate the advantage by MQD 3D HNCO and HCCH‐TOCSY spectra affording the same resolution and the same per‐scan sensitivity as standard phase‐cycled ones, but obtained in only 56 % of the usual time and by resolution improvements achieved in the same amount of time.
MOVPE growth of AIIIBV‐N semiconductor compounds for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Ściana B. , Radziewicz D. , Pucicki D. , Zborowska‐Lindert I. , Serafińczuk J. , Tłaczała M. , Latkowska M. , Kováč J. , Srnanek R. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe present work presents the influence of the growth parameters on the structural and optical properties of undoped GaAsN epilayers and triple quantum wells 3×InGaAsN/GaAs obtained by atmospheric pressure metal organic vapour phase epitaxy APMOVPE. The structures were examined using high resolution X‐Ray diffraction HRXRD, contactless electroreflectance CER, photocurrent PC and Raman RS spectroscopies. The influence of the growth temperature and the gas phase composition on the material quality and alloy composition of the investigated structures as well as the growth and calibration characteristics are presented and discussed. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)