bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping genes for human face shape: exploration of univariate phenotyping strategies
Authors: Yuan Meng , Goovaerts Seppe , Vanneste Michiel , Matthews Harold , Hoskens Hanne , Richmond Stephen , Klein Ophir D , Spritz Richard A , Hallgrimsson Benedikt , Walsh Susan , Shriver Mark D , Shaffer John R , Weinberg Seth M , Peeters Hilde , Claes Peter 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHuman facial shape, while strongly heritable, involves both genetic and structural complexity, necessitating precise phenotyping for accurate assessment. Common phenotyping strategies include simplifying 3D facial features into univariate traits such as anthropometric measurements (e.g., inter-landmark distances), unsupervised dimensionality reductions (e.g., principal component analysis (PCA) and auto-encoder (AE) approaches), and assessing resemblance to particular facial gestalts (e.g., syndromic facial archetypes). This study provides a comparative assessment of these strategies in genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of 3D facial shape. Specifically, we investigated inter-landmark distances, PCA and AE-derived latent dimensions, and facial resemblance to random, extreme, and syndromic gestalts within a GWAS of 8,426 individuals of recent European ancestry. Inter-landmark distances exhibit the highest SNP-based heritability as estimated via LD score regression, followed by AE dimensions. Conversely, resemblance scores to extreme and syndromic facial gestalts display the lowest heritability, in line with expectations. Notably, the aggregation of multiple GWASs on facial resemblance to random gestalts reveals the highest number of independent genetic loci. This novel, easy-to-implement phenotyping approach holds significant promise for capturing genetically relevant morphological traits derived from complex biomedical imaging datasets, and its applications extend beyond faces. Nevertheless, these different phenotyping strategies capture different genetic influences on craniofacial shape. Thus, it remains valuable to explore these strategies individually and in combination to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the genetic factors underlying craniofacial shape and related traits.Author SummaryAdvancements linking variation in the human genome to phenotypes have rapidly evolved in recent decades and have revealed that most human traits are influenced by genetic variants to at least some degree. While many traits, such as stature, are straightforward to acquire and investigate, the multivariate and multipartite nature of facial shape makes quantification more challenging. In this study, we compared the impact of different facial phenotyping approaches on gene mapping outcomes. Our findings suggest that the choice of facial phenotyping method has an impact on apparent trait heritability and the ability to detect genetic association signals. These results offer valuable insights into the importance of phenotyping in genetic investigations, especially when dealing with highly complex morphological traits.
Learning the natural history of human disease with generative transformers
Authors: Shmatko Artem , Jung Alexander Wolfgang , Gaurav Kumar , Brunak Søren , Mortensen Laust , Birney Ewan , Fitzgerald Tom , Gerstung Moritz 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDecision-making in healthcare relies on the ability to understand patients’ past and current health state to predict, and ultimately change, their future course. Artificial intelligence (AI) methods promise to aid this task by learning patterns of disease progression from large corpora of health records to predict detailed outcomes for an individual. However, the potential of AI has not yet been fully investigated at scale.Here, we modify the GPT (generative pretrained transformer) architecture to model the temporal progression and competing nature of human diseases in a population scale cohort. We train this model, termed Delphi-2M, on data from 0.4 million participants of the UK Biobank and validate it using external data from 1.9 million Danish individuals with no change in parameters.Delphi-2M predicts the rates of more than 1,000 different ICD-10 coded diseases and death, conditional on each individual’s past disease history, age, sex and baseline lifestyle information, and with accuracy comparable to existing single-disease models. Delphi-2M’s generative nature also enables sampling future health trajectories at any point within an individual’s life course with outcomes across the entire disease spectrum. Sampled health trajectories provide meaningful estimates of future disease burden for up to 20 years and enable training AI models which have never seen actual data.Explainable AI methods provide insights into Delphi-2M’s predictions, revealing temporal clusters of co-morbidities within and across different disease chapters and their time-dependent consequences on the future health course. These analyses, however, also reveal that biases underlying the available training data, which in the case of the UK Biobank stem from distinct healthcare sources, are learned and highlighted.In summary, GPT-based models appear well suited for predictive and generative health-related tasks, are applicable to population scale health data sets and provide insights into the temporal dependencies of past events that shape future health, impacting our ability to obtain an instantaneous view of personalised health state.
Towards an understanding of the digital transformation of facility management in healthcare: perspectives from practice
Authors: Schmitter Paul , Shahgholian Azar , Tucker Matthew 
Published: June 2024

PurposeFacility management (FM) in healthcare is an organisational function that provides non-medical activities, ensuring operational functionality of critical health infrastructure. FM leaders are under pressure to implement the digital transformation, confronted with a highly complex and challenging operational environment. However, the current scope and understanding of the digital transformation in FM is rather limited, with a strong focus on technology. This perspective is inadequate to realise a digital transformation in healthcare organisations and requires a new framework. To ensure the practical applicability, a clearer depiction on how FM practitioners in the field, currently understand the digital transformation, is necessary.Design/methodology/approachA sequential exploratory mixed-methods design was chosen with a qualitative data collection and quantitative data analysis phase. A total of 23 semi-structured research interviews with professionals from FM in healthcare in Switzerland were carried out. Topic modeling was used to analyse, identify and cluster topics.FindingsIn total, nine distinct digital transformation topics were generated: ‘addressing future organisational and people needs’, ‘end-user-oriented processes’, ‘digitalisation management vs. digital tools’, ‘major organisational change’, ‘information exchange and work culture’, ‘digital systems’, ‘pressure’, ‘company-wide strategy’ and ‘management support and communication involving non-medical support services’. The findings indicate that FM practitioners perceive the digital transformation beyond the purely technological viewpoint, although they lack the know-how and instruments necessary to implement the digital transformation.Originality/valueThis study employs an innovative research design, resulting in foundational insights on how FM in healthcare perceives the digital transformation. As such, the study expands the notion on what the digital transformation means for the FM field.
Mitigating the aftermath of relationship conflict between the owners and contractors: a contract enforcement approach
Authors: Gan Xueqing , Jia Jianyao , Le Yun , Liu Tingting , Xue Yutong 
Published: June 2024

PurposeRelationship conflict between the owners and contractors is inevitable, which could induce negative consequences. Yet, the existing literature mostly focused on its direct effects on project performance and ignored the process by which relationship conflict gradually deteriorates cooperation as well as corresponding managerial approaches. Given the fact that relationship conflict originates from interdependent tasks, the proposed theoretical model is intended to measure relational behavior as an instant outcome of relationship conflict, and explore the buffering role of contract enforcement approach.Design/methodology/approachThis paper develops the conceptual model based on the literature review. Then the questionnaire survey was conducted. The dyadic data obtained from 168 Chinese construction project professionals were analyzed by the Partial Least squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique.FindingsThe results show that relational behavior partially mediates the link between relationship conflict and project performance. Besides, three types of contract enforcement approaches are found to differentially change the negative link between relationship conflict and relational behavior. Rigid contract enforcement can worsen the adverse effects of relationship conflict on relational behavior, whereas flexible contract enforcement can alleviate these negative effects. The level of mitigation hinges on whether compromising behaviors or obliging behaviors are chosen.Originality/valueThe study extends the knowledge of conflict theory and contract theory in the construction field. Based on the proposed conceptual model and PLS-SEM results, this study contributes to the understanding of relationship conflict’s consequences between the owners and contractors and enriches conflict management approaches in the construction field.
Investigation of the effects of different needle hole covering techniques on seam characteristics of waterproof breathable fabric
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Manshahia Manpreet 
Published: June 2024

PurposeStitching is the traditional method of creating seams using needles and threads. However, this is not useful for waterproof breathable garments as needle holes allow water to penetrate inside the garment, compromising its functionality. This study aims to investigate different techniques for covering the needle holes formed during stitching to achieve a seam that is waterproof, durable and functionally effective.Design/methodology/approachThis study investigates different methods to cover needle holes formed during stitching with the help of seam tape, seam grip adhesive and fuser thread. The emphasis is on evaluating the seam characteristics, including seam strength, seam efficiency, puckering, bending stiffness and resistance to water penetration. Statistical analysis involves the use of the Shapiro–Wilk test, Levene statistic, one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD and Tamhane post-hoc tests.FindingsThe experimental results suggest that seam tape is effective in enhancing water resistance, seam strength and seam efficiency, but it contributes to stiffness and aesthetically degrades seams due to increased puckering. Meanwhile, the use of fuser thread presents an alternative, exhibiting improved waterproof properties compared to regular stitching. It offers more flexibility and less puckering compared to seam tape.Originality/valueThis study contributes novel insights by shifting the focus from alternative seaming methods such as bonding and welding, to enhancing traditional stitching for waterproof seam construction. While prior research primarily explored alternatives to stitching, this study uniquely addresses the effectiveness of different techniques in covering needle holes to achieve waterproof seams. The findings provide valuable information for enhancing the functionality of stitched seams in the production of waterproof breathable garments.
Navigating pregnancy in detention: lived experiences in a Philippine women’s prison
Authors: Nieva Jr Romulo Fernandez 
Published: June 2024

Purpose
Imprisonment impacts women’s childbearing and mothering experiences. Using sociological concepts of total institutions, pains of imprisonment and gendered pains of imprisonment, this study aims to explore the childbearing experiences of 18 Filipino incarcerated women.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative, inductive approach was undertaken to explore imprisoned women’s pregnancy experiences. This research project used reflexive thematic analysis to examine the data from semi-structured interviews with 18 Filipino pregnant prisoners.

Findings
The participants’ experiences of childbearing in prison were reflected in three overarching themes: lack of autonomy over pregnancy; reduced capacity to manage discomforts and needs; and coping with prison deprivations. These themes embody women’s experiences of how imprisonment disrupts Filipino women’s childbearing and mothering experiences. Furthermore, the results illustrated how the women navigated the prison regime to address their needs and cope with the pains of imprisonment.

Originality/value
Although there is a small but growing body of research specifically focusing on mothering and imprisonment, little consideration has been given to analyzing Filipino women’s pregnancy experiences in custody. This paper highlights an urgent need to reform correctional policies and practices to address incarcerated women’s distinct needs.
The role of relationship commitment in managing logistics outsourcing in the digital economy
Authors: Shi Rongrong , Yang Baojun , Chu Zhaofang , Lai Fujun 
Published: June 2024

PurposeDigitalization brings complexity and challenges to the relationship governance between logistics outsourcers and their providers. Drawn on resource dependence theory (RDT) and resource-based view (RBV), this study aims to examine the role of relationship commitment in simultaneously managing dependence and improving operational performance in logistics outsourcing in the digital economy, as well as the contingent factors (i.e. communication, relationship length, and company size) that affect the effectiveness of relationship commitment.Design/methodology/approachBased on data collected from 130 third-party logistics (3PL) users in China, our model was tested with the partial least squares (PLS) approach.FindingsFirst, relationship commitment is necessary for 3PL users to manage dependence on 3PL providers and improve operational performance in the digital economy. Second, communication helps 3PL users to develop higher relationship commitment but weakens the motivating effect of dependence on relationship commitment. Third, a long relationship history develops inertia to diminish the effectiveness of dependence on driving relationship commitment while it boosts the impact of relationship commitment on operational performance. Last, company size is an important signal to amplify the effectiveness of relationship commitment for operational performance enhancement.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the logistics outsourcing literature by integrating RDT and RBV to explain the twofold roles of relationship commitment, simultaneously tackling dependence and enhancing operational performance in the digital economy. Additionally, it expands the understanding of the boundary conditions (e.g. communication, relationship length, and company size) on these twofold roles.
Social attitudes in sustainable fashion: the role of environmental knowledge on sustainable development goals (SDGs)
Authors: Djossouvi Adjoa Candide Douce , Luo Biao , Sayibu Muhideen , Debongo Devincy Yanne Sylvaire , Rauf Aisha 
Published: June 2024

PurposeThis study investigates and explores sustainable fashion based on social attitudes toward culture and sustainable fashion effects in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), based on environmental knowledge and consumer satisfaction initiatives. It explicates sustainable fashion on the sustainable development agenda in addressing the gap of cultural value, environmental knowledge and sustainable fashion in SSA.Design/methodology/approachUsing a quantitative approach, the study employed a web-based online cross-sectional survey to extract tangible information from 620 participants from SSA. The study integrated theory of planned behaviors (TPB) model and hypotheses. A structural equation model (SEM) was used to test all proposed hypotheses.FindingsThe results show that low environmental knowledge, influenced by geographical and cultural differences, affected fashion value, as which is predictively significant for sustainable fashion. However, attitude and cultural value results found statistical significance for consumer satisfaction in sustainable fashion. Furthermore, mediation was attained between consumer behavioral and environmental knowledge of sustainable fashion. The study recommends government policies on educational awareness and textile regulations for environmental garbage disposal possible harmful effects of climate change and finally, designing innovative initiatives for environmentally friendly fashion.Originality/valueThis study examines the environmental and social attitudes as well as behavioral effects, of an ecosystem that would most likely have a short life period, eliminate disposal dumps and foster an environmental control policy. Consequently, the study’s conceptual model and extended TPB contribute to how sustainable fashion supports environmental knowledge, consumer attitudes and cultural behaviors in fashion among Sub-Saharan Africans.
How positive leadership leads to employees’ interpersonal citizenship behavior: a self-consistency perspective
Authors: Li Hsien-Ta 
Published: June 2024

PurposeAlthough researchers have carried out considerable work on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), the questions of whether and how adopting a positive leadership style leads subordinate employees to engage in interpersonal citizenship behavior (ICB) remain, thus far, unanswered. To address this research gap, this study aimed to uncover the possible underlying mediation mechanism.Design/methodology/approachPartial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the research model using data collected by means of a three-wave online survey with 166 respondents.FindingsThe results indicated that the organization-based self-esteem (OBSE) of subordinate employees mediated the effect of supervisors using a positive leadership style on subordinates engaging in person-focused ICB.Originality/valueThe importance of positive leadership is revealed in the finding of a self-consistency-based positive spillover effect, according to which the use of a positive leadership style directly benefits subordinates by enhancing their OBSE. This subsequently motivates them to engage in person-focused ICB, which benefits their coworkers. Thus, a positive leadership style creates a positive dynamic in the workplace.
‘Good Work’ and Alternative Food Initiatives: A Workplace Spirituality Perspective
Authors: Gjorevska Natasha 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper explores ‘good work’ as purpose‐driven organizing for positive social impact in the case of alternative food initiatives (AFIs). AFIs accommodate alternative ways of food production and consumption that tackle the world's pressing sustainability challenges. Considering the centrality of workers’ motives, beliefs for generating/sustaining alternative and spiritual work/organizational contexts, this study bridges the knowledge on AFIs and workplace spirituality (WS) through the individual‐level perspective. The paper explores AFI members’ workplace motives and experiences to understand how these individuals make sense of their work, and to draw insights on what ‘good work’ entails in this organizational realm. Data were collected via a two‐phase study from a total of 28 members of organizations based in Glasgow, Scotland. The results show that AFI members’ work drivers include spiritual (as other‐regarding) motives and that the perceived value of their work is in contributing to the welfare of others through a workspace of belonging, freedom and care. The findings suggest that a WS perspective can help in understanding how AFI members approach their work to create (greater) good. Drawing on the lessons from the case analysis within the AFI context, this paper highlights the relevance of WS for repurposing work and organizing.
Chromosome‐level genome of the parthenogenetic booklouse Liposcelis bostrychophila reveals high heterozygosity and a nonhomologous chromosome
Authors: Jiang Shi‐Die , Chen Yu‐Ang , Guo Peng‐Yu , Sun Jun , Feng Hua‐Yue , Li Yi , Wang Jin‐Jun , Wei Dan‐Dan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPsocodean species are emerging as significant sanitary and stored‐product pests, posing threats to human health and global food security. Out of an estimated 10 000 species, the whole genome sequences of only 4 species have been published. Genomic resources are crucial for establishing effective pest control and enhancing our understanding of the evolution of psocodean species. In this study, we employed Illumina and PacBio sequencing along with Hi‐C scaffolding techniques to generate a chromosome‐level genome assembly for the parthenogenetic booklouse Liposcelis bostrychophila. The assembled genome of this booklouse measures 291.67 Mb in length and comprises 9 chromosomes. Notably, the genome of L. bostrychophila exhibits a high level of heterozygosity and features a distinctive nonhomologous chromosome. This heterozygous characteristic of the parthenogenetic booklouse genome may arise from high mutation rates, based on genomic variations analysis across multiple generations. Our analysis revealed significantly expanded gene families, primarily associated with the detoxification and feeding habits of L. bostrychophila. These include integument esterases (ESTs), ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes and gustatory receptors (GRs). The high‐quality genome sequence of L. bostrychophila provides valuable resources for further study on the molecular mechanisms of stress resistance. It enables researchers to identify crucial functional genes and facilitates research on the population genetics, evolution and phylogeny of booklice.
Physicochemical characterization of wheat starch and variation of fatty acid composition in deep‐fried dough sticks with different treatments
Authors: Liu Yan , Hu Xueying , Jian Xinhang , Guo Liping , Xiao Junxia , Li Xiaodan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe present study investigated the effects of different deep‐frying times and temperatures on the amylose content, crystal structure, thermodynamics, and other properties of deep‐fried dough sticks. Results showed that the change of amylose content in deep‐fried dough sticks during the deep‐frying process was positively correlated with time and temperature. Moreover, the deep‐frying process of deep‐fried dough sticks was accompanied by the formation of starch–lipid complexes that led to the destruction of starch structure. The degreased sample and the oil sample had the same absorption peaks at 2854 and 1746 cm−1, respectively. The melting enthalpy (ΔH) of the starch–lipid complex decreased significantly. In addition, the viscosity of starch reduced as the deep‐frying time and temperature increased. Furthermore, it was found that the effect of increasing deep‐frying temperature was greater than that of time.Practical ApplicationAs a popular deep‐fried food, the main component of deep‐fried dough sticks is starch. Starch gelatinization, protein denaturation, and interaction among components occurred during deep‐frying. At present, there are few studies focusing on the properties of starch in deep‐fried dough sticks in the real deep‐frying system. Therefore, this study provided a theoretical basis for subsequent research by measuring the effects of different deep‐frying conditions on the properties of starch in deep‐fried dough sticks.