bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cadmium and lead impact on biological phosphorus removal: metal partition and adsorption evaluation in wastewater treatment processes
Authors: Quiroga-Flores R. , Alwmark C. , Hatti-Kaul R. , Önnby L. , Tykesson E. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Understanding the effect and partition of metals in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) can aid in designing processes to reduce metal emissions. This study focused on the effects of cadmium and lead, exposed alone (Cd or Pb) and in combination (Cd + Pb), on the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process at lab-scale. Parameters related to the metabolism of propionate, phosphorus (P), polyhydroxyalkanoates, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and enzyme activities were compared with those of a normal EBPR process. The effects induced by Cd included an incomplete uptake of propionate and poor P removal. Both Cd and Pb induced higher EPS production and altered the sludge settling properties; the effect of the former being more pronounced. Additionally, both Cd and Pb caused a lower content of phosphorus in the sludge but for different reasons. Cd affected the overall P removal by altering the P-uptake/release rates. Although Pb did not affect P removal, it formed P-containing complexes, likely resulting in less P available to the bacteria of the EBPR process. When present together, Cd and Pb exhibited synergistic effects. Regarding solubility, Cd remained soluble whereas Pb was mostly insoluble prior to starting the EBPR process. Consequently, Cd and Pb partitioned mainly to the effluent and sludge, respectively. To counteract this outcome, a treatment using adsorbents prior to the EBPR process was applied. However, as only soluble metals such as Cd can be effectively removed, only the effluent quality could be potentially improved. Stringent measures for metals such as Pb should be taken upstream WWTPs.
50 Years of Research on the Psychology of Sport Injury: A Consensus Statement
Authors: Tranaeus Ulrika , Gledhill Adam , Johnson Urban , Podlog Leslie , Wadey Ross , Wiese Bjornstal Diane , Ivarsson Andreas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFactors influencing sport injury risk, rehabilitation outcomes, and return to sport processes have been the focus in various research disciplines (sports medicine, psychology and sociology). One discipline, with over 50 years of scholarship, is the psychology of sport injury. Despite the research in this field, there is no evidence-based consensus to inform professional practice. The aim of this original and timely consensus statement is to summarise psychological sport injury research and provide consensus recommendations for sport practitioners seeking to implement psychological principles into clinical practice. A total of seven experts with extensive experience outlined the consensus objectives and identified three psychology of sport injury sub-domains: risk, rehabilitation and return to sport. The researchers, grouped in pairs, prepared initial drafts of assigned sub-domains. The group met in Stockholm, and the three texts were merged into a draft and revised in an iterative process. Stress responses are the strongest psychological risk factor for acute injuries. Intra- and interpersonal factors, as well as sociocultural factors, are demonstrated psychosocial risk factors for overuse injuries. Stress management and mindfulness interventions to prevent injuries have been successfully implemented. The rehabilitation process may influence athlete’s cognitive, emotional, and behavioural responses. Social support, mindfulness, acceptance-based practices, and cognitive-behavioural based intervention programs reduce negative reactions. Return to sport includes various stages and different trajectories. Returning athletes typically experience concerns regarding competence, autonomy, and relatedness. It is recommended that athletes focus on the physical, technical, and psychological demands of their sport as they progress to increasingly intense activities. Interdisciplinary collaboration (e.g., sports medicine and psychology) would be beneficial in enhancing clinical practice and improving athlete outcomes.
Constructing Built-In Electric Fields with Semiconductor Junctions and Schottky Junctions Based on Mo–MXene/Mo–Metal Sulfides for Electromagnetic Response
Authors: Zeng Xiaojun , Jiang Xiao , Ning Ya , Gao Yanfeng , Che Renchao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe exploration of novel multivariate heterostructures has emerged as a pivotal strategy for developing high-performance electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption materials. However, the loss mechanism in traditional heterostructures is relatively simple, guided by empirical observations, and is not monotonous. In this work, we presented a novel semiconductor–semiconductor–metal heterostructure system, Mo–MXene/Mo–metal sulfides (metal = Sn, Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, and Cu), including semiconductor junctions and Mott–Schottky junctions. By skillfully combining these distinct functional components (Mo–MXene, MoS2, metal sulfides), we can engineer a multiple heterogeneous interface with superior absorption capabilities, broad effective absorption bandwidths, and ultrathin matching thickness. The successful establishment of semiconductor–semiconductor–metal heterostructures gives rise to a built-in electric field that intensifies electron transfer, as confirmed by density functional theory, which collaborates with multiple dielectric polarization mechanisms to substantially amplify EMW absorption. We detailed a successful synthesis of a series of Mo–MXene/Mo–metal sulfides featuring both semiconductor–semiconductor and semiconductor–metal interfaces. The achievements were most pronounced in Mo–MXene/Mo–Sn sulfide, which achieved remarkable reflection loss values of − 70.6 dB at a matching thickness of only 1.885 mm. Radar cross-section calculations indicate that these MXene/Mo–metal sulfides have tremendous potential in practical military stealth technology. This work marks a departure from conventional component design limitations and presents a novel pathway for the creation of advanced MXene-based composites with potent EMW absorption capabilities.
Misiurewicz polynomials and dynamical units, part II
Authors: Benedetto Robert L. , Goksel Vefa 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFix an integer $$d\ge 2$$

d
≥
2

. The parameters $$c_0\in \overline{\mathbb {Q}}$$

c
0

∈

Q
¯

for which the unicritical polynomial $$f_{d,c}(z)=z^d+c\in \mathbb {C}[z]$$

f

d
,
c

(
z
)

=

z
d

+
c
∈
C

[
z
]

has finite postcritical orbit, also known as Misiurewicz parameters, play a significant role in complex dynamics. Recent work of Buff, Epstein, and Koch proved the first known cases of a long-standing dynamical conjecture of Milnor using their arithmetic properties, about which relatively little is otherwise known. Continuing our work from a companion paper, we address further arithmetic properties of Misiurewicz parameters, especially the nature of the algebraic integers obtained by evaluating the polynomial defining one such parameter at a different Misiurewicz parameter. In the most challenging such combinations, we describe a connection between such algebraic integers and the multipliers of associated periodic points. As part of our considerations, we also introduce a new class of polynomials we call p-special, which may be of independent number theoretic interest.
Potentiality of Melatonin for Reinforcing Salinity Tolerance in Sorghum Seedlings via Boosting Photosynthetic Pigments, Ionic and Osmotic Homeostasis and Reducing the Carbonyl/Oxidative Stress Markers
Authors: Helal Nesma M. , Saudy Hani S. , Hamada Maha M. A. , El-Yazied Ahmed Abou , El-Gawad Hany G. Abd , Mukherjee Soumya , Al-Qahtani Salem Mesfir , Al-Harbi Nadi Awad , El-Sayed Salwa M. , Ibrahim Mohamed F. M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSalinity stress has become a major threat to worldwide crop production. Exogenous melatonin (MT) has appeared as a promising treatment against salt stress in several plant species. However, MT effect on the tolerance of sorghum plants under different saline conditions (moderate and severe) remains ambiguous. This study was carried out to explore the impact of MT (0, 50, 100 and 200 µM) as a foliar application on sorghum seedlings grown under moderate and severe saline conditions using sodium chloride, NaCl (75 and 150 µM NaCl). Salinity treatments were applied as solution in sand medium in pots. The results demonstrated that rising salinity level negatively affected plant growth, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids), leaf water status and ionic homeostasis (sodium, potassium, and calcium ions). Applied-MT specifically at 100 or 200 µM enhanced the osmotic balance, cell membrane stabilizing and leaf relative water content. These effects were associated with an obvious restriction to the level of hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde content) and methylglyoxal. Moreover, antioxidant activities of peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes were modulated by MT treatments. Molecular docking modeling assessment illustrated top-ranked confirmations between MT and the target antioxidant enzymes. MT forms multiple hydrogen bonds with key amino acid residues for glycine (A: 162), tryptophan (A: 41), leucine (A: 165), tyrosine (A: 235) in the active site of ascorbate peroxidase. The alkyl interactions with leucine (A: 37), arginine (A: 38) and cysteine (A: 168) also contribute to its high affinity. Despite sorghum plant is commonly moderately tolerant to salinity stress, the results of this study confirmed its high sensitivity to a wide range of saline conditions at early growth stages. Melatonin spraying led to improvements in various morphological, physiological and biochemical mechanisms that harmonized together to confer stress resistance to salt-stressed sorghum seedlings.
Banana peels as a green bioadsorbent for removing metals ions from wastewater
Authors: Jahin Hossam S. , Khedr Alaa I. , Ghannam Hala E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBioadsorption using agricultural waste offers a promising approach for removing toxic metals from wastewater. This study explores the potential of chemically activated banana peels (BPs) as a green and cost-effective bioadsorbent for Cu(II) and Zn(II) removal. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed the presence of functional groups like alcohols, phenols, and amino acids on activated BPs, potentially responsible for metal ion binding. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the presence of cavities on the BPs surface and the existence of oxygen and potassium. The adsorption capacity of BPs was investigated under various conditions, including pH, contact time, sorbent dosage, metal concentration, and temperature. This study used Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) isotherm models to describe the equilibrium results of Cu (II) and Zn (II) adsorption. The Langmuir isotherm model best described the adsorption process, suggesting monolayer coverage of metal ions on the BPs surface. Maximum adsorption capacities were 3.2 mg g−1 for Cu(II) and 2.8 mg g−1 for Zn(II), demonstrating the effectiveness of BPs in metal removal. Kinetic studies indicated pseudo-first-order (PFO) behavior for Cu(II) and pseudo-second-order (PSO) behavior for Zn(II) adsorption. Thermodynamic analysis revealed a spontaneous and exothermic process (negative Gibbes free energy (ΔG°) and enthalpy (ΔH°) with decreased randomness [negative entropy (ΔS°)] at the biosorption interface. Finally, the BPs sorbent was successfully applied to remove different metal ions from real wastewater samples collected from the El Wadi drain.
Associative Electron Detachment in Sprites
Authors: Malagón‐Romero A. , Luque A. , Shuman Nicholas S. , Miller Thomas M. , Ard Shaun G. , Viggiano Albert A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe balance of processes affecting electron density drives the dynamics of upper‐atmospheric electrical events, such as sprites. We examine the detachment of electrons from negatively charged atomic oxygen (O−) via collisions with neutral molecular nitrogen (N2) leading to the formation of nitrous oxide (N2O). Past research posited that this process, even without significant vibrational excitation of N2, strongly impacts the dynamics of sprites. We introduce updated rate coefficients derived from recent experimental measurements which suggest a negligible influence of this reaction on sprite dynamics. Given that previous rates were incompatible with the observed decay of the light emissions from sprite glows, our findings support that glows actually result from electron depletion in sprite columns.
A Transmitted Subseasonal Mode of the Winter Surface Air Temperature in the Mid‐ and High‐Latitudes of the Eurasia and Contributions From the North Atlantic and Arctic Regions
Authors: Li Shiyue , Hu Haibo , Ren Xuejuan , Perrie William , Yang Xiu‐Qun , Yu Peilong , Mao Kefeng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA significant and striking seesaw pattern of winter surface air temperature (SAT) has emerged, featuring pronounced warming Arctic and cooling Eurasian (referred to as WACE). This study investigates the subseasonal SAT modes across the mid‐ and high‐latitudes of Eurasia and their possible mechanisms based on daily reanalysis data from 1979 to 2022. Our results reveal that Eurasian winter SAT exhibits two distinct subseasonal modes, characterized by a correlated southeastward propagation of temperature and geopotential height anomalies (GHAs) in the middle and lower troposphere. Notably, the subseasonal SAT anomalies with eight phases constrained by the hydrostatic equilibrium, originate from the GHAs in the Arctic stratosphere and then transfer to the East Asia. The sixth phase of the transmitted subseasonal SAT mode is proved to be the key transition phase from the WACE pattern to its counterpart. Further analysis indicates that the strength of the transmitted subseasonal SAT mode is controlled by the tripolar sea surface turbulent heat flux anomalies over the north Atlantic.
A Study on the Possible Brown Ocean Effect: Impacts of an Antecedent Tropical Cyclone on the Rapid Intensification of the 1999 Odisha Supercyclone
Authors: Vijay Deebak V. S. , Chandrasekar Anantharaman 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOdhisa, a state of India, bore the disastrous consequences of two consequent Tropical Cyclones (TCs), TC 04B and TC 05B (Odisha 1999 supercyclone), which formed over the Bay of Bengal and experienced landfall in October 1999, with a time gap of fewer than two weeks, over the same region. It is suggested that the first TC, TC 04B, provided an “ocean‐like situation” over the coastal land region, thus delivering the appropriate land conditions that would facilitate the intensification of the following second tropical cyclone, TC 05B; a clear illustration of the “Brown Ocean effect.” Two Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) simulations were conducted, with the control and experimental runs differing solely in the following aspect: the initial cyclonic vortex corresponding to the first TC at the initial time was removed in the experimental run, whereas it was retained in the control run. Both simulations were analyzed to reveal the “Brown Ocean Effect” role. The experimental run result indicates that the minimum central sea level pressure of the second TC was 35 hPa higher than the second TC simulation in the control run. The heavy rainfall associated with TC 04B led to increased soil moisture conditions, providing the second TC (TC 05B) with the necessary conditions for its intensification by the “Brown Ocean Effect.” The results of this study appear to strongly suggest that the “Brown Ocean Effect” could provide one of the main reasons for the extraordinary intensities associated with the 1999 Odisha supercyclone.
Near‐Storm Environmental Relationships With Tropical Oceanic Convective Structure Observed During NASA CPEX and CPEX‐AW
Authors: Rodenkirch Benjamin D. , Rowe Angela K. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDeep tropical oceanic convection (TOC) is a prevailing component of the tropical atmosphere and plays a significant role in modulating global weather and climate. Despite its importance, prediction challenges remain, partly attributed to a lack of understanding of how TOC relates to its near‐storm environments. Prior studies suggest location‐dependent relationships between TOC structure and associated environments, necessitating targeted regional studies. The NASA 2017 Convective Processes Experiment (CPEX) and 2021 CPEX—Aerosols & Winds (CPEX‐AW) field campaigns collected high‐resolution measurements of convective storms and their environments in the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean, and western Atlantic basins, providing a rare opportunity to investigate near‐storm environmental relationships with 3‐D TOC structure where in situ non‐tropical cyclone‐related deep TOC research is comparatively lacking. Collocated CPEX and CPEX‐AW airborne observations from the multi‐wavelength Airborne Precipitation Radar, Doppler Aerosol Wind Lidar, and dropsondes revealed large near‐storm environmental variability across TOC of similar convective type (i.e., isolated, organized) and within individual convective systems. However, trends still emerged amongst the large environmental variability. Horizontal TOC structure was most consistently linked to planetary boundary layer and mid‐tropospheric near‐storm environments, with organized TOC being associated with generally greater relative humidity (RH) and vertical speed shear than isolated TOC. TOC intensity was linked to upper tropospheric (i.e., above melting level) near‐storm environments, with isolated TOC intensity most consistently associated with upper tropospheric CAPE and organized TOC intensity associated with upper tropospheric RH. Mesoscale low‐level convergence was also linked to greater organized TOC intensity, motivating further research using these unique data sets.
Inorganic Nitrogen Gas‐Aerosol Partitioning in and Around Animal Feeding Operations in Northeastern Colorado in Late Summer 2021
Authors: Li En , Pierce Jeffrey R. , Juncosa Calahorrano Julieta F. , Sullivan Amy P. , Pollack Ilana B. , Roscioli Joseph R. , Caulton Dana R. , McCabe Megan E. , Jathar Shantanu H. , Fischer Emily V. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAmmonia (NH3) from animal feeding operations (AFOs) is an important source of reactive nitrogen in the US, but despite its ramifications for air quality and ecosystem health, its near‐source evolution remains understudied. To this end, Phase I of the Transport and Transformation of Ammonia (TRANS2Am) field campaign was conducted in the northeastern Colorado Front Range in summer 2021 and characterized atmospheric composition downwind of AFOs during 10 research flights. Airborne measurements of NH3, nitric acid (HNO3), and a suite of water‐soluble aerosol species collected onboard the University of Wyoming King Air research aircraft present an opportunity to investigate the sensitivity of particulate matter (PM) formation to AFO emissions. We couple the observations with thermodynamic modeling to predict the seasonality of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) formation. We find that during TRANS2Am northeastern Colorado is consistently in the NH3‐rich and HNO3‐limited NH4NO3 formation regime. Further investigation using the Extended Aerosol Inorganics Model reveals that summertime temperatures (mean: 23°C) of northeastern Colorado, especially near the surface, inhibit NH4NO3 formation despite high NH3 concentrations (max: ≤114 ppbv). Finally, we model spring/autumn and winter conditions to explore the seasonality of NH4NO3 formation and find that cooler temperatures could support substantially more NH4NO3 formation. Whereas NH4NO3 only exceeds 1 μg m−3 ∼10% of the time in summer, modeled NH4NO3 would exceed 1 μg m−3 61% (88%) of the time in spring/autumn (winter), with a 10°C (20°C) temperature decrease relative to the campaign.
Global Stratospheric Properties of Gravity Waves From 1 Year of Radio Occultations
Authors: Alexander P. , de la Torre A. , Schmidt T. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGravity waves (GW) transport momentum flux (MF) and energy across the lower, middle and upper atmosphere. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) is one of the measuring techniques used onboard satellites to provide vertical temperature profiles with global and permanent coverage. These retrievals may be applied in the study of GW. Most of the analysis methods provide absolute GWMF but are missing its net direction. This happens because the procedures can deduce the orientation but not the propagation sign of GW and hence the full direction of MF. We apply here a method that allows the net calculation with four close in space and time RO soundings (quartets). We use about 10,000 daily retrievals from 1 March 2022 to 28 February 2023 to study the seasonal and latitudinal characteristics of net GWMF in the height interval from 20 to 35 km. About 600 quartets were found. The calculated zonal MF and drag exhibited negative minima at middle and high latitudes during winter in the Southern Hemisphere. This well‐known characteristic is usually mainly assigned to orographic sources. A similar intensity in zonal MF and drag is found during the same season at low latitudes. Meridional components are generally less significant. Besides finding the correct sign of the GWMF and the corresponding forcing on the mean flow, the quartets method also allows the determination of the horizontal and vertical wavelengths, the amplitude and sign of the vertical wave phase velocity and the intrinsic frequencies. The global statistics of these parameters are shown and each one exhibits a similar distribution shape across latitude bands. Large differences in the frequency of cases in vertical phase velocity sign appear only at low and high positive latitudes. The most even distribution of GW intrinsic frequency is found at low latitudes. We estimate that absolute MF calculations by methods assuming only upward GW propagation may produce a bias not larger than 40%. The increase of satellite measuring devices achieved in the last years due to the release of new missions led to a high spatial and temporal density of profiles that may allow the attainment of net GWMF climatologies over a seasonal time scale and about 4,000 km latitude bands but this performance may be even improved if the amount of retrievals continues to rise.