bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimal solutions of three-term recurrence relations and orthogonal polynomials
Authors: Gautschi Walter 
Published: June 2010

We observe that the well-known recurrence relation

p

n
+
1

(
z
)
=
(
z
−

a
n

)

p
n

(
z
)
−

b
n

p

n
−
1

(
z
)

{p_{n + 1}}(z) = (z - {a_n}){p_n}(z) - {b_n}{p_{n - 1}}(z)

for orthogonal polynomials admits a "minimal solution" if z is outside the spectrum of the mass distribution

d
s
(
t
)

ds(t)

with respect to which the polynomials are orthogonal and if the moment problem for this distribution is determined. The minimal solution, indeed is

f
n

(
z
)
=
∫

p
n

(
t
)

d
s
(
t
)

/

(
z
−
t
)

{f_n}(z) = \smallint {p_n}(t)\,ds(t)/(z - t)

, and can be computed accurately by means of the author’s continued fraction algorithm. An application is made to special Gauss-type quadrature formulas.
Rates of convergence of Gauss, Lobatto, and Radau integration rules for singular integrands
Authors: Rabinowitz Philip 
Published: June 2010

Rates of convergence (or divergence) are obtained in the application of Gauss, Lobatto, and Radau integration rules to functions with an algebraic or logarithmic singularity inside, or at an endpoint of, the interval of integration. A typical result is the following: For a generalized Jacobi weight function on

[
−
1
,
1
]

[ - 1,1]

, the error in applying an n-point rule to

f
(
x
)
=

|

x
−
y

|

−
δ

f(x) = |x - y{|^{ - \delta }}

is

O
(

n

−
2
+
2
δ

)

O({n^{ - 2 + 2\delta }})

, if

y
=
±
1

y = \pm 1

and

O
(

n

−
1
+
δ

)

O({n^{ - 1 + \delta }})

if

y
∈
(
−
1
,
1
)

y \in ( - 1,1)

, provided we avoid the singularity. If we ignore the singularity y, the error is

O
(

n

−
1
+
2
δ

(
log
⁡
n

)
δ

(
log
⁡
log
⁡
n

)

δ
(
1
+
ε
)

)

O({n^{ - 1 + 2\delta }}{(\log n)^\delta }{(\log \log n)^{\delta (1 + \varepsilon )}})

for almost all choices of y. These assertions are sharp with respect to order.
Graded-mesh difference schemes for singularly perturbed two-point boundary value problems
Authors: Gartland Eugene C. 
Published: June 2010

This paper is concerned with the numerical approximation by compact finite-difference schemes of differential operators of the form

L
ε

u
=
ε

u

(
m
)

+

Σ

ν
=
0

m
−
1

a
ν

u

(
ν
)

{L_\varepsilon }u = \varepsilon {u^{(m)}} + \Sigma _{\nu = 0}^{m - 1}{a_\nu }{u^{(\nu )}}

without turning points. The stability of

L
ε

{L_\varepsilon }

combined with various auxiliary conditions is discussed, and a representation result for solutions of problems involving it is proven. This representation decomposes the solution into a smooth outer component plus a decaying exponential layer term along the lines of the Method of Multiple Scales. The stability of compact difference analogues of

L
ε

{L_\varepsilon }

is studied, and a stability result is proven which generalizes earlier work. This result encompasses, for example, discretizations of second-order problems that fail to possess a maximum principle. It allows for standard polynomial-based differences in outer regions (away from boundary layers) with uniform meshes, even though such schemes admit oscillatory solutions. A family of finite-difference schemes based on an exponentially graded mesh and local polynomial basis functions is discussed. These schemes can be constructed to have arbitrarily high uniform order of convergence. To achieve a scheme of order

O
(

h
K

)

O({h^K})

, roughly K times as many points are distributed inside the layer as outside. The high order is achieved by using extra local evaluations of the coefficient functions and source term of the problem. A rigorous discretization error analysis of these schemes, using the established stability and representation results, is given. Numerical results exhibiting the performance of these schemes are presented and generalizations of the results in the paper are discussed.
Best 𝐿²-approximation of convergent moment series
Authors: Baur Gerhard , Shawyer Bruce 
Published: June 2010

The authors continue the investigation into the problem of finding the best approximation to the sum of a convergent series,

∑

n
=
0

∞

x
n

a
n

\sum \nolimits _{n = 0}^\infty {{x^n}{a_n}}

, where

{

a
n

}

\{ {a_n}\}

is a moment sequence. The case considered is where

x
=
1

x = 1

. This requires a proper subset of the set of all moment series. Instead of having
\[

a
n

=

∫
0
1

t
n

d
ϕ
(
t
)

with

∫
0
1

|

d
ϕ
(
t
)

|

=
1
,

{a_n} = \int _0^1 {\,{t^n}\,d\phi (t)\quad {\text {with}}\quad } \int _0^1 {\,|d\phi (t)|} = 1,

\]
we have
\[

a
n

=

∫
0
1

t
n

(
1
−
t
)

δ

ψ
(
t
)

d
t

with

∫
0
1

|

ψ
(
t
)

|

2

d
t
=
1.

{a_n} = \int _0^1 {{\mkern 1mu} {t^n}{{(1 - t)}^\delta }\,\psi (t)\,dt\quad {\text {with}}\quad } \int _0^1 {{\mkern 1mu} |\psi (t){|^2}} \,dt = 1.

\]
With this subset, the authors find the best sequence-to-sequence transformation and show that the error in this transformation of

(
n
+
1
)

(n + 1)

terms of the series is
\[

1

2
δ

2
δ
−
1

n
+
1

(

n
+
2
δ

n

)

∼

Γ
(
2
δ
)

2
δ
−
1

1

n

2
δ
−
1

as

n
→
∞
.

\frac {1}{{2\delta \sqrt {2\delta - 1} }}\frac {{n + 1}}{{\left ( {\begin {array}{*{20}{c}} {n + 2\delta } \\ n \\ \end {array} } \right )}} \sim \frac {{\Gamma (2\delta )}}{{\sqrt {2\delta - 1} }}\frac {1}{{{n^{2\delta - 1}}}}\quad {\text {as}}\;n \to \infty .

\]
ABC-SysBio—approximate Bayesian computation in Python with GPU support
Authors: Liepe Juliane , Barnes Chris , Cule Erika , Erguler Kamil , Kirk Paul , Toni Tina , Stumpf Michael P.H. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Motivation: The growing field of systems biology has driven demand for flexible tools to model and simulate biological systems. Two established problems in the modeling of biological processes are model selection and the estimation of associated parameters. A number of statistical approaches, both frequentist and Bayesian, have been proposed to answer these questions.
Results: Here we present a Python package, ABC-SysBio, that implements parameter inference and model selection for dynamical systems in an approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) framework. ABC-SysBio combines three algorithms: ABC rejection sampler, ABC SMC for parameter inference and ABC SMC for model selection. It is designed to work with models written in Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML). Deterministic and stochastic models can be analyzed in ABC-SysBio.
Availability: http://abc-sysbio.sourceforge.net
Contact: christopher.barnes@imperial.ac.uk; ttoni@imperial.ac.uk
RNA-Seq Analysis of Sulfur-Deprived Chlamydomonas Cells Reveals Aspects of Acclimation Critical for Cell Survival
Authors: González-Ballester David , Casero David , Cokus Shawn , Pellegrini Matteo , Merchant Sabeeha S. , Grossman Arthur R. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii transcriptome was characterized from nutrient-replete and sulfur-depleted wild-type and snrk2.1 mutant cells. This mutant is null for the regulatory Ser-Thr kinase SNRK2.1, which is required for acclimation of the alga to sulfur deprivation. The transcriptome analyses used microarray hybridization and RNA-seq technology. Quantitative RT-PCR evaluation of the results obtained by these techniques showed that RNA-seq reports a larger dynamic range of expression levels than do microarray hybridizations. Transcripts responsive to sulfur deprivation included those encoding proteins involved in sulfur acquisition and assimilation, synthesis of sulfur-containing metabolites, Cys degradation, and sulfur recycling. Furthermore, we noted potential modifications of cellular structures during sulfur deprivation, including the cell wall and complexes associated with the photosynthetic apparatus. Moreover, the data suggest that sulfur-deprived cells accumulate proteins with fewer sulfur-containing amino acids. Most of the sulfur deprivation responses are controlled by the SNRK2.1 protein kinase. The snrk2.1 mutant exhibits a set of unique responses during both sulfur-replete and sulfur-depleted conditions that are not observed in wild-type cells; the inability of this mutant to acclimate to S deprivation probably leads to elevated levels of singlet oxygen and severe oxidative stress, which ultimately causes cell death. The transcriptome results for wild-type and mutant cells strongly suggest the occurrence of massive changes in cellular physiology and metabolism as cells become depleted for sulfur and reveal aspects of acclimation that are likely critical for cell survival.
Sho1 and Msb2-Related Proteins Regulate Appressorium Development in the Smut Fungus Ustilago maydis
Authors: Lanver Daniel , Mendoza-Mendoza Artemio , Brachmann Andreas , Kahmann Regine 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The dimorphic fungus Ustilago maydis switches from budding to hyphal growth on the plant surface. In response to hydrophobicity and hydroxy fatty acids, U. maydis develops infection structures called appressoria. Here, we report that, unlike in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other fungi where Sho1 (synthetic high osmolarity sensitive) and Msb2 (multicopy suppressor of a budding defect) regulate stress responses and pseudohyphal growth, Sho1 and Msb2-like proteins play a key role during appressorium differentiation in U. maydis. Sho1 was identified through a two-hybrid screen as an interaction partner of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase Kpp6. Epistasis analysis revealed that sho1 and msb2 act upstream of the MAP kinases kpp2 and kpp6. Furthermore, Sho1 was shown to destabilize Kpp6 through direct interaction with the unique N-terminal domain in Kpp6, indicating a role of Sho1 in fine-tuning Kpp6 activity. Morphological differentiation in response to a hydrophobic surface was strongly attenuated in sho1 msb2 mutants, while hydroxy fatty acid–induced differentiation was unaffected. These data suggest that Sho1 and the transmembrane mucin Msb2 are involved in plant surface sensing in U. maydis.
Relationship between retinal sensitivity and morphologic changes in eyes with confluent soft drusen
Authors: Iwama Daisuke , Tsujikawa Akitaka , Ojima Yumiko , Nakanishi Hideo , Yamashiro Kenji , Tamura Hiroshi , Ooto Sotaro , Yoshimura Nagahisa 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPurpose:  To examine the relationship between retinal sensitivity and morphologic changes in the macular area of eyes with confluent soft drusen.Methods:  We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of the 21 consecutive patients (22 eyes) who had confluent soft drusen in the macular area. Using spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography, a 6 × 6‐mm area of each macula was examined with 256 sequential horizontal scans. Microperimetry in the macular area was carried out using the Micro Perimeter 1.Results:  Spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography images showed that protrusion of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) corresponded to the site of the confluent soft drusen. In addition, irregularities of the reflective line of the junction between inner and outer segments (IS/OS) of the photoreceptors were noted in 17 (77.3%) eyes. These irregularities were seen in the area with the protrusion of RPE. At 510 (68.1%) of 748 points with an intact retina, retinal sensitivity was 14 decibels or better. However, a retinal sensitivity of 14 decibels or better was obtained at 38.9% of points in irregular RPE with an intact IS/OS line, but at only 15.2% of points with an irregular IS/OS line. The mean retinal sensitivities within the area of irregular RPE with an intact IS/OS line, or in areas with an irregular IS/OS line, respectively, were significantly lower than that of intact retina (P < 0.0001).Conclusion:  Eyes with confluent soft drusen often show focal areas with reduced retinal function, areas that are consistent with irregularity of the RPE or of the IS/OS line.
Hospital‐admitted eye injury in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Raymond Simon , Jenkins Mark , Favilla Ian , Rajeswaran Dylan 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground:  The public health concern represented by eye injury in Victoria, Australia has been known for a period now approaching 20 years. However, there has been no improvement observed in this public health concern since it was first identified in the 1990s. This study further investigates the epidemiology of eye injury in Victoria, specifically hospital‐admitted eye injury.Methods:  The Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset was surveyed for eye injury coded by the International Classification of Diseases 10th revision during the period spanning 2001–2005, retrieving all cases of hospital‐admitted eye injury in Victoria during the surveyed period.Results:  During the period surveyed, the average incidence of eye injury requiring hospital admission in Victoria was 53.6 per 100 000 person‐years. Sixty‐four per cent of patients were male and 36% were female (P < 0.001). Male patients were most commonly middle‐aged compared with female patients who were most commonly middle‐aged to elderly (P < 0.001). Core patient groups included: elderly women sustaining eye injuries as a result of falls (particularly in residential homes); middle‐aged men sustaining eye injuries as a result of assault and in transport‐related accidents.Conclusion:  The incidence of hospital‐admitted eye injury in Victoria has increased since it was first identified as a concern in the 1990s. The design and implementation of an effective preventative strategy to reduce the rate of hospital‐admitted eye injury in Victoria presents as a difficult task given that the most common causes are represented by falls, assault and transport‐related accidents.
The Rising Tension between Shareholder and Director Power in the Common Law World
Authors: Hill Jennifer G. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTManuscript Type:ConceptualResearch Question/Issue:This article explores the rising tension between shareholder and director power in the common law world. First, the article analyzes key arguments in the shareholder empowerment debate, and current US reform proposals to grant shareholders stronger rights, from a comparative corporate law perspective, examining how traditional US legal rules diverge from other common law jurisdictions. Secondly, the article discusses power shifts in the opposite direction – namely toward the board – in some parts of the common law world. It considers the potential friction between legal rules designed to enhance shareholder power and commercial practices designed to subvert it.Research Findings/Insights:The article shows that US shareholders have traditionally had unusually restricted rights compared to their counterparts in common law jurisdictions, such as the UK and Australia. The article challenges a number of arguments supporting this traditional US approach, by showing that the arguments are often US‐specific, and are less persuasive from a comparative corporate governance perspective. The article also identifies an important tension between legal rules designed to enhance shareholder power and commercial practices designed to subvert it. It shows how the dynamic nature of regulation, and the strategic response of regulated parties, can affect the operation of legal rules.Theoretical/Academic Implications:The article broadens the scope of the US shareholder empowerment debate, by means of a comparative law analysis. It challenges an evolutionary/managerialist theory of US corporate governance, by showing that other jurisdictions have made different choices concerning the allocation of power between shareholders and the board. The article also shows the importance in comparative corporate governance scholarship of focusing not only on the terms of specific laws, but also on the commercial responses of parties subject to those laws.Practitioner/Policy Implications:The article assesses the role of shareholder participation as a regulatory mechanism to enhance corporate governance legitimacy. The global financial crisis has highlighted some of the dangers of untramelled managerial power and under‐regulation. The article provides important regulatory insights to policy makers, concerning the appropriate balance of power between shareholders and the board of directors.
An anticancer strategic dilemma: to kill or to contain. The choice of the pharmaceutical industry in 2009
Authors: Perret Gérard‐Yves , Uzzan Bernard 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFor decades, the fight against cancer was based on oncolytic drugs aimed at eradicating malignant cells (killing strategy). The main flaws of this approach were its toxicity and the consequent emergence of resistance. New views on tumour biology consider tumours as complex organs involving dynamic interactions between their components. This implies the existence of dormant states and thus of a new therapeutic strategy aimed at inducing or extending tumour dormancy (containment strategy). The aim of this overview was to quantify the relative importance of these two strategies among the clinical trials (240 phase 1 and 186 phase 2 trials), launched or still in the pipeline and sponsored by the pharmaceutical industry in 2009. The most frequently targeted molecular entities are vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFRs) (19 drugs), ErBBs (17 drugs), c‐met (14 drugs), tubulin (12 drugs), IGFRs (12 drugs). The main result of this overview is that the killing strategy is still largely prevailing since 326 drugs in 2009 (77% of the drugs tested in clinical trials in 2009) referred to this strategy, whereas 100 drugs could be attributed to the containment or mixed strategies in 2009. To obtain a dynamic view of the repartition of drugs between the killing strategy and the containment or mixed strategies, the present work should be renewed every 3–4 years.
Acute intravenous injection and short‐term oral administration of NG‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester to the rat provoke increased pressor responses to agonists and hypertension, but not inhibition of acetylcholine‐induced hypotensive responses
Authors: López Ruth M. , Pérez Teresa , Castillo Carlos , Castillo María C. , Castillo Enrique F. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn experiments in vivo, we studied whether the endothelial dysfunction induced by nitric oxide (NO) synthesis inhibition is simultaneously or sequentially manifested as a reduced level of endothelium‐dependent agonist‐induced vasodilatation, an increased responsiveness to vasoconstrictors, and hypertension. Vascular responses to acetylcholine, phenylephrine, and angiotensin II were measured in pithed rats after acute intravenous injection (100 mg/kg) and short‐term oral administration of NG‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester (l‐NAME; 60 mg/kg per day) for 1 and 3 days (l‐NAME1dandl‐NAME3d, respectively). Pithed rats were chosen because drug‐induced cardiovascular responses reflect only peripheral effects. Parallel experiments examined mean arterial pressure (MAP) values in anesthetized rats. After short‐terml‐NAME1dandl‐NAME3dtreatments, the MAP was significantly elevated in anesthetized but not pithed rats. Acute intravenous administration ofl‐NAME elevated MAP in pithed rats. Intravenous infusion of phenylephrine was used to compensate for the pressor response induced byl‐NAME in pithed animals. The maximum decrease and duration of the hypotensive responses to acetylcholine were unaltered by the acute and both short‐terml‐NAME treatments in pithed rats. These treatments, on the other hand, increased phenylephrine‐ and angiotensin II‐induced pressor responses in pithed animals. In isolated aortic rings prepared from pithed rats treated acutely and short‐term withl‐NAME, acetylcholine‐induced relaxations were inhibited. Thus, the inhibition of NO‐dependent vasodilator tone after acute intravenous injection and short‐term orall‐NAME administration may be associated with vascular smooth muscle hyper‐responsiveness to pressor agonists and hypertension, whereas the hypotensive responses to acetylcholine could not be associated with thel‐NAME‐induced endothelial dysfunction in pithed rats.
Level of evidence for therapeutic drug monitoring for etoposide after oral administration
Authors: Gerritsen‐van Schieveen Pauline , Royer Bernard ,   ‘Therapeutic drug monitoring group of the French Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics’
Published: June 2010

AbstractOral etoposide displays high intervariability and intravariability. Convincing relationships were observed between hematological toxicities and exposure of which total etoposide area under the curve seems the more relevant in routine practice. Linear pharmacokinetics, limited sampling strategies and reduction in variability during concentration‐controlled studies argue in favor of therapeutic drug monitoring. However, such reduction in variability should be confirmed after oral administration. For these reasons, such practice can be considered as ‘potentially useful’. Further studies using Bayesian approach are nevertheless needed to definitely state regarding the level of evidence therapeutic drug monitoring of oral etoposide.
Operations research/management science tools for integrating people with disabilities into employment. A study on Valencia's Sheltered Work Centres for Disabled
Authors: Miralles Cristóbal , Marin‐Garcia Juan A. , Ferrus Gabriel , Costa Alysson M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPeople with disabilities have a right to a full life in every sense and one of those fundamental rights is the possibility to work. In this paper, the importance of social employment integration of disabled people is highlighted as one of the stakeholders to be satisfied by companies in the new framework that corporate social responsibility is constructing. The objective of the paper is to revise the benefits of some well‐known operations research/management science tools that, if applied correctly, have a double positive impact on work accessibility and improved productivity. The responses collected from managers of Valencia's Sheltered Work Centres for Disabled by means of a structured questionnaire are used to analyse the level of implementation of these tools and their impact depending on the type of centre, the kind of disability and other structural variables.
Design and Results of an Intensive Monitoring Programme for Avian Influenza in Meat‐Type Turkey Flocks During Four Epidemics in Northern Italy
Authors: Comin A. , Stegeman J. A. , Klinkenberg D. , Busani L. , Marangon S. 
Published: June 2010

SummarySurveillance programmes for low pathogenicity (LPAI) and high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) infections in poultry are compulsory for EU Member States; yet, these programmes have rarely been evaluated. In Italy, following a 1999 HPAI epidemic, control measures, including vaccination and monitoring, were implemented in the densely populated poultry area (DPPA) where all epidemics in Italy have been concentrated. We evaluated the monitoring system for its capacity to detect outbreaks rapidly in meat‐type turkey flocks. The evaluation was performed in vaccination areas and high‐risk areas in the DPPA, in 2000–2005, during which four epidemics occurred. Serum samples and cloacal swabs were taken from vaccinated birds and unvaccinated (sentinel) birds. We compared the detection rate of active, passive and targeted surveillance, by vaccination status, using multinomial logistic regression. A total of 13 275 samplings for serological testing and 4889 samplings for virological testing were performed; 6315 production cycles of different bird species were tested. The outbreaks detection rate in meat‐type turkeys was 61% for active surveillance (n = 222/363 outbreaks), 32% for passive surveillance and 7% for targeted surveillance. The maximum likelihood predicted values for the detection rates differed by vaccination status: in unvaccinated flocks, it was 50% for active surveillance, 40% for passive surveillance and 10% for targeted surveillance, compared to respectively 79%, 17% and 4% for vaccinated flocks. Active surveillance seems to be most effective in detecting infection, especially when a vaccination programme is in place. This is the first evaluation of the effectiveness of different types of surveillance in monitoring LPAI infections in vaccinated poultry using field data.