bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward a Shared Metaphoric Meaning in Children's Discourse: The Role of Argumentation
Authors: Bokus Barbara , Garstka Tomasz 
Published: January 2010

Toward a Shared Metaphoric Meaning in Children's Discourse: The Role of Argumentation
The text deals with the phenomenon of understanding and interpreting metaphoric expressions in children. Of the many metaphoric figures, one type was selected: the ‘so-called’ psychological-physical metaphors that illuminate a psychological experience by appealing to an event in the physical domain. The data consist of children's discussions in pairs, in which they make a joint interpretation of metaphors including a dual-function adjective, e.g., a hard person, a sweet person, an empty person. A hundred and forty-four dialogues between peer dyads were recorded from three age groups (48 dialogues from each group): 6;6-7;6, 8;6-9;6, and 10;6-11;6. The children's task was to prepare an interpretation of metaphorical expressions for two television quiz shows, one for peers and one for young preschoolers. The research design was balanced for age, gender, and order of metaphoric interpretation in the two experimental variants. Following Quignard's model (2005), we analyzed children's argumentation as a particular case of dialogical problem solving, whereby children had to understand the metaphoric meaning and convey it to the potential addressee. The results show an interesting dynamic in the argumentative orientation of the pro and the contra type, depending on the age of interlocutors. The frequency of metaphoric interpretations in opposition to those presented by the partner decreases with the children's age, but the frequency of compound proposals with the use of the partner's contribution increases. For the younger addressee, children most frequently interpret metaphors as descriptions of magical situations.
The Efficacy of Three Interventions Modifying Stereotypes and Prejudice Towards People with Schizophrenia
Authors: Wałachowska Karolina , Janowski Konrad , Tatala Małgorzata 
Published: January 2010

The Efficacy of Three Interventions Modifying Stereotypes and Prejudice Towards People with Schizophrenia
Little is known about the efficacy of various interventions aimed at fighting stereotypes and prejudice towards people with schizophrenia. This study evaluated the efficacy of three interventions: film, meeting a person with schizophrenia, and educational presentation, in reducing stereotypes and prejudice towards people with schizophrenia. Three groups of students were assessed by the Stereotypes and Prejudice Questionnaire before, directly after, and one month after the intervention. A reduction in both stereotypes and prejudice was observed following the educational presentation, and a further decrease in the unfavorable attitudes was observed a month later. Watching the film was found effective in reducing prejudice, however it did not lower stereotypes. Meeting a person suffering from schizophrenia was found to minimize stereotypes but its effects on prejudice were relatively insignificant and temporary. The findings from this study showed that various types of intervention had diverse effects in reducing stereotypes and prejudice.
Popular Traditions, Folklore and Politics
Authors: Danglová Olga 
Published: January 2010

Popular Traditions, Folklore and Politics
The article studies how the "language" of folk traditions and folklore continues to be a tried-and-tested means for the representation and propagation of political concepts and ideas. The author notes transformations in the significance of folklore and folk traditions in historically changing both political and socio-cultural contexts. Attention is drawn to the significance of folklore in the nation-forming thinking of the 19th century, the place of honour accorded to it as an expression of the working people during the period of socialism, and its contradictory perception in the post-socialist context today.
Cultural Context of Multilevel Collective Social Actions: Framing, Reflection, Resonance and the Impact of Global and Local Anti-Poverty Movements
Authors: Zemanová Štěpánka 
Published: January 2010

Cultural Context of Multilevel Collective Social Actions: Framing, Reflection, Resonance and the Impact of Global and Local Anti-Poverty Movements
In political science as well as in other social sciences much attention has been paid during recent years to the rapid growth of national and transnational activist networks and their increasing impact on domestic and world politics. Together with the proliferation of literature on the topic, concepts of collective action frames, framing processes, mobilizing ideas and meanings and their cultural resonance have gained considerable currency. However, less has been written about the possibilities of and the constraints on the circulation of collective action frames or about the connection between the cultural adaptation of frames and the results of actual collective struggles. The paper explores this understudied issue both theoretically and empirically. After identifying possible links between collective action framing processes and the representational practices of particular cultures based on a review of existing theoretical approaches, the functional consequences are demonstrated by the example of the Global Call for Action against Poverty international campaign and the Czech national variant.
Cultural and Social Representations on the Border: From Disagreement to Coexistence
Authors: Fikfak Jurij 
Published: January 2010

Cultural and Social Representations on the Border: From Disagreement to Coexistence
In the twentieth century, certain locations, symbols, and ritual practices along the Italian-Slovenian border were subject to various social and cultural representations. During that century, they primarily represented a subject of disagreement between both ethnic communities; however, in the last ten years, some groups and local authorities have been seeking opportunities to live together in coexistence.
Resignifying the Universal: Critical Commentary on the Postcolonial African Identity and Development
Authors: Afolayan Adeshina 
Published: January 2010

Resignifying the Universal: Critical Commentary on the Postcolonial African Identity and Development
The dimension of the debate on the relation between the universal and the particular in African philosophy has been skewed in favour of the universalists who argued that the condition for the possibility of an African conception of philosophy cannot be achieved outside the "universal' idea of the philosophical enterprise. In this sense, the ethno-philosophical project and its attempt to rescue the idea of an African past necessary for the reconstruction of an African postcolonial identity and development becomes a futile one. A recent commentator even argues that works concerning African identity are now totally irrelevant and misguided. In this essay, I will be arguing, on the contrary, that the universalist's argument, much like its critique of ethno-philosophical reason, mistakes the nature, significance and necessity of such a resistance (rather than original) identity that the ethno-philosophical project promises. I will also argue that the fabrication of such an identity facilitates the avoidance of an uncritical submersion in the universal as well as a proper conception of an African development. This, furthermore, is the only avenue by which the imperialistic ontological space of universal humanism, in which most universalistic claims are rooted, can be made more polygonal and mutually beneficial for alternative cultural particulars.
The Impact of Initial Field Experience on Pre-Service Teachers' Attitude Toward Inclusion
Authors: Gill Peggy , Sherman Ross , Sherman Cynthia 
Published: January 2010

The Impact of Initial Field Experience on Pre-Service Teachers' Attitude Toward InclusionIn the United States, up to 50% of new teachers leave the profession within 5 years (Smith & Ingersoll, 2004). This unacceptable level of sustainability of the profession is of concern to both teacher preparation institutions and the local education agencies. This paper looks at one factor that may impact the sustainability of current teacher preparation models: attitudes toward inclusion of students with disabilities in the mainstream classroom. Participants in the study were currently enrolled in 3 different phases of a teacher preparation programmes at a regional university in the United States. A survey was administered at the beginning and at the end of the semester. Results indicate that students become progressively more negative toward inclusion of students with disabilities in the general education classroom yet continue to support the social value of having all students in a general education setting. Results from the survey are presented and implications for practice are discussed.
Students Motives and Satisfaction with Studies in the Area of Natural Sciences and Their Willingness to Continue Studies in Teacher Education
Authors: Poom-Valickis Katrin , Elvisto Tiina 
Published: January 2010

Students Motives and Satisfaction with Studies in the Area of Natural Sciences and Their Willingness to Continue Studies in Teacher EducationNatural sciences teachers have a key role to play in creating knowledge and skills. However, Estonian students' interest in studying natural sciences and their willingness to continue studies in teacher education have decreased. This study was designed to assess: 1) how clear the students' motives to study natural sciences was; 2) how the clarity of motives relate to student satisfaction with their studies and 3) how student satisfaction with studies relate to their interest in continuing studies in teacher education. The participants of the study (N=92) were natural sciences students at Tallinn University. The data was collected using an adapted Learning and Studying Questionnaire by Entwistle et al. (2002) and questions designed by the authors of the study. The SPSS programme was used to analyse the data. The results of the study show that carefully planned curriculum selection and positive learning experiences increase student willingness to choose teacher education.
Organizing Sports around the Workplace - some Experiences from Scandinavian Company Sport
Authors: Eichberg Henning 
Published: January 2010

Organizing Sports around the Workplace - some Experiences from Scandinavian Company SportThere are different ways of placing sports in social life, and the workplace is one of them. The Scandinavian countries are internationally renowned for their particular development of company sport. This is linked to the dynamics of the Nordic welfare society and political concern about ‘public health’. On the basis of recent Danish research, current practices of company sport are examined. There is social change inside company sport, and new strata demand more and wider offers of sport in the workplace. Side by side with sport in specialized clubs, sport in local-cultural ‘popular’ associations and sport in commercial institutes, sport in the workplace, thus, has a future. This challenges the traditional division of everyday life under capitalist conditions: collective work here, private leisure there. People's health as a human right under the conditions of developing capitalism changes the agenda, also for sports.
Football Talent-Nurture after the 1989-1990 Political Transformation in Hungary
Authors: Géza Vincze 
Published: January 2010

Football Talent-Nurture after the 1989-1990 Political Transformation in HungaryHungarian football used to be in the first line of the international arena but for the last five decades a steady and strong setback has been a characteristic feature. The main purpose of this paper is to discover the major problems related to the education of young players and to make suggestions to improve the current situation. The study is based on a research in which three different but complementary methods, called "triangulation" were used: fieldwork, content analysis and in-depth interviews. The results show that although sport had always been the area which served political interests, this situation has dramatically changed after 1989-1990. Since then moral and economic crisis could be observed and this has resulted in the collapse of the Hungarian football. Concerning the talent care program there is no a common educational project for young players. This could be explained by the lack of cooperation between professionals who believe that they have different professional and financial interests and act accordingly. In conclusion it can be stated that success could only be reached if politics and the central budget were be independent and the cooperation between decision makers and experts in football were stronger. The unskilled managers and coaches responsible for the education of young players should be exchanged for real professionals.
Violent Incidents in Greek Basketball. Referees' Perspective on the Theoretical Models of Violence
Authors: Koukouris Konstantinos , Stavros Taxildaridis 
Published: January 2010

Violent Incidents in Greek Basketball. Referees' Perspective on the Theoretical Models of ViolenceDuring the last 30 years a significant body of knowledge has been accumulated around the issue of hooliganism in professional soccer. However, very little has been said about violence in basketball, a sport that has the most incidents of violence after soccer and perhaps handball in Europe. Although an increasing number of violent incidents in basketball are reported in the mass media, research is limited. The sample consisted of 16 top Greek basketball referees, several of whom were distinguished even at an international level. The top referees were interviewed in a hotel prior to matches. The criteria for the choice of leading referees was based on their top refereeing experience (A1 division). Officials provide support for the notion that basketball is hostage to personal interests and is used as a means of pressure for the service of other aims. The theory for the social roots of hooliganism as well as the theory of frustration - aggression provide sufficient explanations for the interpretation of violence in basketball. Under work and family pressures young people become more aggressive and unload their disappointment in the sports ground, which they consider to be a suitable outlet.
Distribution and Life History of the Lodgepole Needle Miner (Recurvariasp.) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks
Authors: Stark R. W. 
Published: January 2010

General. The life history of the lodgepole needle miner in Yosemite National Park, California, has been described (24). The Canadian outbreak was discovered in 1942 but intensive investigations were not commenced until 1948. Many differences have been noted between the Canadian and Californian life histories since the discovery of the outbreak.It is the purpose of this paper to bring together all information collected by the author and staff of the Laboratory of Forest Zoology at Calgary, Alberta, concerning the life history of the lodgepole needle miner in the Canadian Rocky mountains.
The Male of Ixodes signatus Birula (Acarina: Ixodidae)
Authors: Gregson J. D. 
Published: January 2010

Ixodes signatus Birula, 1895, pp. 357-358, Pl. 1, Figs. 10-13.Ixodes arcticus Osborn, 1899, p. 553. Synonym, fide Cooley and Kohls, 1945, p. 201.Ixodes parvirostris Neumann, 1901, p. 284. Synonym, fide Banks, 1908, p. 21, and Nuttall et al., 1911, p. 261.Ixodes eudyptidis var. signata [Birula], Neumann, 1904, p. 451. Synonym, fide Nuttall et al., 1911, p. 261.Ceratixodes signatus (Birula), Banks, 1908, p. 21, Pl. II, Figs. 1-3.
A Key to the Females of Tenthredo of the Canadian Prairies. (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae).
Authors: Strickland E. H. 
Published: January 2010

In certain years, adult sawflies constitute a conspicuous feature of the insect fauna which rests on foliage or visits flowers on the Canadian prairies and in neighbouring woodlands.The most intense “outbreak” of these insects observed by the writer occurred in 1929 when they were by far the most conspicuous representatives of the insect fauna near Gull Lake, Alberta. In that year, in less than two weeks during early June, 53 species were taken in an area of about a half-mile square.
The Light Reactions of Larvae of the Spotless Fall Webworm, Hyphantria textor Harr. (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)
Authors: Wellington W. G. , Sullivan C. R. , Henson W. R. 
Published: January 2010

Recently, the light reactions of three species of tent caterpillars were described (3). The present paper contains a similar description of the responses of larvae of the spotless fall webworm, Hyphantria textor Harr. This species was chosen for comparative study because, like tent caterpillars, it is colonial through most of its larval stage, during which it forms extensive webs.Larvae of all six instars were studied. Some of the behaviour described here was first observed during the summers of 1949-50 at Sault Ste. Marie, Ont. During July and August of 1953, several of the laboratory tests were repeated at Sault Ste. Marie, and, in addition, some new reactions were observed for the first time.
Avian Mallophaga from Quebec
Authors: Whitehead W. E. 
Published: January 2010

Following the lead set by Dr. George M. Stirrett, (Canadian Entomologist, July, 1952), the following records of Mallophaga from avian hosts taken in the province of Quebec have been assembled. It is hoped that others will record collections made in their respective provinces, so that eventually records and the distribution of species may be available for the Dominion.The following species were largely collected by the author, with some assistance from the late Dr. W. E, Swales. The specimens form part of the Macdonald College Collection.
Note on Occurrence of Agathis laticinctus (Cress.) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) as a Parasite of the Eye-Spotted Bud Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Nova Scotia
Authors: Stultz H. T. 
Published: January 2010

Agathis laticinctus (Cress.), a parasite of the eye-spotted bud moth, Spilonota ocellana (D. & S.), is of particular interest because it has only recently become the most important one attacking this pest in Nova Scotia. Sanders and Dustan ( 1919) found it of minor importance and Gilliatt (1932) did not find it worthy of mention. An account of its life-history has been given by Dondale (1954).As in most research projects of the Kentville laboratory (Pickett et al., 1946), attention has been given to the influence of spray practices on population densities of A. laticinctus.
Studies on the Cuticle of the GrasshopperMelanoplus bivittatus(Say) (Orthoptera: Acrididae): I. General Properties of the Cuticle
Authors: Chefurka W. , Pepper J. H. 
Published: January 2010

Numerous studies have shown that the cuticle of insects is complex and highly-differentiated and that the complexity varies from species to species (2, 8, 11, 13, 14, 17, 18).The object of this study is to determine cuticular relationships between the grasshopper,Melanoplus bivittatus, and other insects already studied. This work was carried out by means of chemical tests and permeability measurements on fresh material rather than by methods of fixing and sectioning.
Note on Injury to Tree Fruits by Frankliniella tritici (Fitch) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
Authors: Boyce H. R. 
Published: January 2010

The thrips Frankliniella tritici (Fitch) occurred in great abundance early in May, 1954, in orchards of tree fruits in Essex County, Ontario.Observations during the first three weeks of May showed that this insect was abundant on the foliage and blossoms of apple, sweet and sour cherries, plum, and peach. Sweet cherry, European plum, and peach suffered the greatest attack. On sweet cherry and plum large numbers of eggs were inserted in blossom stems, styles and apices of the ovaries. From 30 to 50 per cent of the blossoms of sweet cherry and plum were destroyed, apparently because of disruption of tender tissues by the large numbers of eggs inserted in them; a considerable number of the fruits remaining on the trees were injured by feeding of adults and immature stages of the thrips (Fig. 1).
Encyrtidae from Trinidad, B.W.I.: 1. Three Species of Pseudaphycus Reared from Mealybugs
Authors: Bennett Fred D. 
Published: January 2010

In the come of the study of parasites of mealybugs for introduction into West Africa for the control of mealybug vectors of cocoa virus a number of undescribed Encyrtids have been discovered in Trinidad, B.W.I. Descriptions of these and new Encyrtids reared from other hosts will be published in a series of papers.The present paper records three species of Pseudaphycus from Trinidad, two of which are described as new. I am indebted to Mr. H. Compere who stated (in litt.) that the species herein described were probably new and pointed out the characters that separated them from related species. Dr. B. D. Burks kindly compared specimens of these species with types of related species deposited in the United States National Museum and suggested slight alterations in the manuscript which have been duly made.
A New Species of Hilara from Arctic Canada (Diptera: Empidae)
Authors: Shewell G. E. 
Published: January 2010

Black, uniformly dark brown- or grey-pollinose. Thorax obscurely quadrivittate. Legs short-haired. Wings milk-white in both sexes.Head black; frons and occiput, viewed from above, velvety with dark-brown tinge; bristles and hairs fine, black, the former about as long as third antennal segment less style. Antenna black, slightly shorter than head; style about half as long as third segment. Palpus and proboscis black.
The Experimental Study of the Chemotactic Basis of Host Specificity in Phytophagous Insects
Authors: Thorsteinson A. J. 
Published: January 2010

The high degree of host specificity of many phytophagous insects is a commonplace, yet remarkable phenomenon. Nevertheless it has been relatively neglected as a field for experimental study.The first beginning was made about 50 years ago when Grevillius (1905) found that the larvae of the browntail mothEuproctis chrysorrhoea(L.) which feeds on the chick weed,Stellaria, could be induced to feed on other plants by smearing the leaves with a paste containing tannin which is a constituent of chick weed. It is un1ikely that this work was highly critical with respect to the chemical purity of the test preparations, yet the basic principle inherent in all experimentation in this field was employed. That is to say, a relatively isolated chemical constituent of the host plant together with some ingestible substrate other than the host plant tissue was offered to the insects. Obviously, the induction of feeding indicated that the test material contains some substance that stimulates the appetite of the insect.
Two New Species of Aphididae Collected in Western Canada (Homoptera)
Authors: Richards W. R. 
Published: January 2010

This paper includes descriptions of a new species of Cinara and one of Micromyzus.The species of Cinara belongs to the species group in which the base of the cornicle hears both heavy and fine setae. In other members of this group the heavy and fine setae are evenly distributed over the surface of the base of the cornicle, but in the species described here the fine setae are clustered around the orifice and the heavy ones are closer to the margin of the base than in related species (Fig. 4). Another difference is that the dorsum of the abdomen is heavily sclerotized rather than having the small, isolated sclerites characteristic of the other members of this species group.