bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of horizontal resolution for polar low simulations
Authors: McInnes Harold , Kristiansen Jørn , Kristjánsson Jón Egill , Schyberg Harald 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPolar lows are intense mesoscale cyclones that mainly occur during the winter over the sea in polar regions. Owing to their small spatial scale with a diameter between 200 and 1000 km, simulating polar lows is a challenging task. In this study we investigated how increased resolution of a numerical weather prediction model impacts its ability to simulate polar lows. We focused on a polar low that was successfully captured by three different flights during the IPY‐THORPEX field campaign in 2008. Verifying model results against campaign data showed that decreasing the horizontal grid spacing from 12 to 4 km significantly improved the simulation of the developing polar low, and a further decrease to 1 km gave further improvement. A model run with latent heating reduced to 10% indicated an extensive influence of diabatic heating in this polar low case, and we suggest that the improved model performance at higher resolution could be connected to the model's handling of convection. Additional simulations starting 24 h later showed that the initial conditions were important for the model performance, and when simulating another polar low case we found that the model failed to produce the polar low independent of the resolution. This shows that while higher resolution indeed may give improved predictions of polar lows, other factors like synoptic situation, lateral boundaries and the initial condition may also be important. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Application study of medical robots in vascular intervention
Authors: Lu Wang‐sheng , Xu Wu‐yi , Zhang Jing , Liu Da , Wang Da‐min , Jia Po , Li Zhi‐cao , Wang Tian‐miao , Zhang Da‐peng , Tian Zeng‐min , Zeng Yanjun 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackgroundBased on the background of minimally invasive surgery and applications of medical robots, a vascular interventional robotic system has been developed that can be used in the field of vascular intervention.MethodsThe robotic system comprises a propulsion system, an image navigation system and a virtual surgery training system. Integration of the three systems constitutes a vascular intervention prototype robotic system used to carry out in vitro vascular intervention and animal experiments.ResultsOn a transparent glass vascular model, a catheter was shown to enter an arbitrary branch of the vascular model with catheter motion meeting the requirements of clinical vascular intervention surgery (VIS); i.e. error band of catheter motion < 0.5 mm. In the animal experiments, 1.33–2.00 mm (4F–6F) diameter catheters were selectively inserted successfully into predefined targets in the animal, such as the renal, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular artery. Compared with conventional manual surgery, the time for robotic surgery is a little longer. There were no operative complications in the animal experiments.ConclusionsThese simulation and animal study results demonstrate that this vascular interventional robotic system allows doctors to perform angiography remotely and prevents them from radiation exposure. The system may be the basis for further clinical applications of vascular intervention. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scanning electron microscopy of Streptomyces without use of any chemical fixatives
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Bharti Alpana , Gusain Omprakash , Bisht Gajraj Singh 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA new, short, and quick method was developed for preparation of specimen for observing Actinomycetes of genus Streptomyces by scanning electron microscopy. The cultures were directly grown on stubs and coated with a film of gold without using any fixative and dehydrating procedures. Using this simple preparation procedure, surface of intact sporing structures of Streptomyces was observed over a range of magnifications. As the preparation procedure is so simple and rapid, this procedure could be most useful for the routine examination and identification of Streptomyces. SCANNING 33:446–449, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Social comparison among competing firms
Authors: Kim Kwang‐Ho , Tsai Wenpin 
Published: July 2011

AbstractExtending social comparison theory to the context of interfirm competition, we investigate whether and under what conditions firms may benefit by deviating from consumers' views concerning firm comparisons. Based on all of the possible dyadic competitive comparisons among the 26 automakers in the United States, we found that: (1) a focal firm enjoys a greater increase in sales than the target firm when it compares itself with a more reputable target firm, even though consumers do not perceive the focal firm to be comparable to the more reputable firm; and (2) a focal firm enjoys a greater increase in sales than the target firm when it avoids comparison with a less reputable target firm, even though consumers compare the focal firm with the less reputable firm. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measuring the effect of M&A on patenting quantity and quality
Authors: Valentini Giovanni 
Published: July 2011

AbstractI explore the effect of M&A on the patenting quantity and quality of the firms involved in a deal. Three measures of quality are considered: impact, generality, and originality. The impact of a patent denotes its influence on future inventions. Generality refers to a patent's applicability across technological fields. Finally, the originality of a patent indicates the extent to which an invention synthesizes diverse technological inputs. Applying a matching estimator to data from the U.S. ‘medical devices and photographic equipment’ industry from 1988 to 1996, I find that M&A have a positive effect on patenting output, but decrease patent impact, originality, and generality. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does complexity deter customer‐focus?
Authors: Ethiraj Sendil K , Ramasubbu Narayan , Krishnan M.S. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractEconomic models suggest that firms use a simple cost‐benefit calculation to evaluate customer requests for new product features, but an extensive organizational literature shows the decision to implement innovation is more nuanced. We address this theoretical tension by studying how firms respond to customer requests for incremental product innovations, and how these responses change when the requested innovation is complex. Using large sample empirical analyses combined with detailed qualitative data drawn from interviews, we find considerable variance in the relationship between customer demands, complexity, and investments in incremental innovations. The qualitative study revealed the importance of organization structures, competitive pressures, and incentives for resource allocation processes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A retrospective view of software maintenance and reengineering research – a selection of papers from European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering 2010
Authors: Capilla Rafael , Dueñas Juan C. , Ferenc Rudolf 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYAs a summary of past, current, and future trends in software maintenance and reengineering research, we give in this editorial a retrospective look from the past 14 years to now. We provide insight on how software maintenance has evolved and on the most important research topics presented in the series of the European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neural Stem Cells Maintain Their Stemness through Protein Kinase C ζ-Mediated Inhibition of TRIM32
Authors: Hillje Anna-Lena , Worlitzer Maik M. A. , Palm Thomas , Schwamborn Jens C. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Several studies over the last couple of years have delivered insights into the mechanisms that drive neuronal differentiation. However, the mechanisms that ensure the maintenance of stemness characteristics in neural stem cells over several rounds of cell divisions are still largely unknown. Here, we provide evidence that the neuronal fate determinant TRIM32 binds to the protein kinase C ζ. Through this interaction, TRIM32 is retained in the cytoplasm. However, during differentiation, this interaction is abrogated and TRIM32 translocates to the nucleus to initiate neuronal differentiation by targeting c-Myc for proteasomal degradation.
Multi‐electron integrals
Authors: Reine Simen , Helgaker Trygve , Lindh Roland 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis review presents techniques for the computation of multi‐electron integrals over Cartesian and solid‐harmonic Gaussian‐type orbitals as used in standard electronic‐structure investigations. The review goes through the basics for one‐ and two‐electron integrals, discuss details of various two‐electron integral evaluation schemes, approximative methods, techniques to compute multi‐electron integrals for explicitly correlated methods, and property integrals. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

Electronic Structure Theory > Ab Initio Electronic Structure Methods
Mechanisms of branch formation in metal‐catalyzed ethene polymerization
Authors: Budzelaar Peter H. M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBranches are an important aspect of the structure of real polyethylene. Branches can be short (Me, Et) or longer; long‐chain branches (LCB, >100 carbons), in particular, are important because they can have a dramatic effect on polymer properties. In this review, we summarize mechanistic information from organometallic and computational chemistry and use this to examine the most probable sources of each type of branch. Short branches can be introduced deliberately by copolymerization with an α‐olefin (possibly formed in situ from ethene). Me branches may be formed by one‐carbon chain walking and propagation, and/or from insertion of an oligomer/macromer in an MMe bond formed via chain transfer to the cocatalyst [Me3Al or methylaluminoxane (MAO)]. Et branches are most likely formed through β‐hydrogen transfer to ethene, followed immediately by reinsertion of the newly formed macromer. LCBs have usually been ascribed to reinsertion of macromers. However, certain catalysts exhibit LCB formation patterns that are hard to reconcile with this model, and a ‘two‐monomer’ model was recently proposed to explain the observations for these systems. In this review, we present an alternative explanation (chain walking) that would fit the same facts for these catalysts. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Molecular Structures
Generalized self‐consistent like method for mechanical degradation of fibrous composites
Authors: Boso D.P. , Lefik M. , Schrefler B.A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis paper deals with homogenization of heterogeneous, fibre‐reinforced material. One of the main points of the work consists in taking into account the breakage of the fibres, to compute the effective behaviour of the damaged composite. Furthermore, the possible yielding of the matrix material is considered. The problem is solved for the coupled thermo‐mechanical field, that is all material characteristics can be temperature dependent and thermal loads can be simulated. The method is based on a self consistent type scheme, suitably extended for the case at hand. The effective behaviour is obtained by considering isotropic elastic‐brittle cylindrical inclusions surrounded by a shell of elasto‐plastic matrix material immersed in an infinite medium endowed with the effective properties. Usually in the framework of the self consistent scheme, the homogenised material behaviour is obtained with a symbolic approach. On the contrary, in this work the solution is found in a non‐classical way, as we use the finite element method to find the solution of the thermo‐mechanical problem as a function of the effective material characteristics.
Outcomes of Laparoscopic Versus Open Colectomy in Elective Surgery for Diverticulitis
Authors: Masoomi Hossein , Buchberg Brian , Nguyen Brian , Tung Vicrumdeep , Stamos Michael J. , Mills Steven 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe role of laparoscopy in the management of diverticular disease is evolving. Concerns were raised in the past because laparoscopic resection for diverticulitis is often difficult and occasionally hazardous. This study was undertaken to evaluate the difference in overall outcomes between elective open and laparoscopic surgery with or without anastomosis for diverticulitis.MethodsUsing the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database, clinical data of patients who underwent elective open and laparoscopic surgery (lap) for diverticulitis from 2002 to 2007 were collected and analyzed. Patients who underwent emergent surgery were excluded.ResultsA total of 124,734 patients underwent elective surgery for diverticulitis: open, 110,172 (88.3%); lap, 14,562 (11.7%). The overall intraoperative complication rate was significantly lower in the laparoscopy group (0.63% vs. 1.15%, P < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference observed in ureteral injury between groups (open, 0.17%; lap, 0.12%, P = 0.15). All evaluated postoperative complications (ileus, abdominal abscess, leak, wound infection, bowel obstruction, urinary tract infection, pneumonia, respiratory failure, venous thromboembolism) were significantly higher for the open procedures. The laparoscopy group had a shorter mean hospital stay (lap, 5.06 days; open, 6.68 days, P < 0.01) and lower total hospital charges (lap, $36,389; open, $39,406, P < 0.01) than the open group. Also, mortality was four times higher in the open group (open, 0.54%; lap, 0.13%, P < 0.01).ConclusionsThe laparoscopic operation was associated with lower morbidity, lower mortality, shorter hospital stay, and lower hospital charges compared to the open operation for diverticulitis. Elective laparoscopic surgery for diverticulitis is safe and can be considered the preferred operative option.
Isolation of a Novel Oil Globule Protein from the Green Alga Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae)
Authors: Peled Ehud , Leu Stefan , Zarka Aliza , Weiss Meira , Pick Uri , Khozin‐Goldberg Inna , Boussiba Sammy 
Published: July 2011

AbstractCytoplasmic oil globules of Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae) were isolated and analyzed for pigments, lipids and proteins. Astaxanthin appeared to be the only pigment deposited in the globules. Triacyglycerols were the main lipids (more than 90% of total fatty acids) in both the cell‐free extract and in the oil globules. Lipid profile analysis of the oil globules showed that relative to the cell‐free extract, they were enriched with extraplastidial lipids. A fatty acids profile revealed that the major fatty acids in the isolated globules were oleic acid (18:1) and linoleic acid (18:2). Protein extracts from the globules revealed seven enriched protein bands, all of which were possible globule‐associated proteins. A major 33‐kDa globule protein was partially sequenced by MS/MS analysis, and degenerate DNA primers were prepared and utilized to clone its encoding gene from cDNA extracted from cells grown in a nitrogen depleted medium under high light. The sequence of this 275‐amino acid protein, termed the Haematococcus Oil Globule Protein (HOGP), revealed partial homology with a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii oil globule protein and with undefined proteins from other green algae. The HOGP transcript was barely detectable in vegetative cells, but its level increased by more than 100 fold within 12 h of exposure to nitrogen depletion/high light conditions, which induced oil accumulation. HOGP is the first oil‐globule‐associated protein to be identified in H. pluvialis, and it is a member of a novel gene family that may be unique to green microalgae.
Amadori‐Glycated Phosphatidylethanolamine, a Potential Marker for Hyperglycemia, in Streptozotocin‐Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Sookwong Phumon , Nakagawa Kiyotaka , Fujita Ikuko , Shoji Naoki , Miyazawa Teruo 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIt has been demonstrated in vivo that lipid glycation products such as Amadori‐glycated phosphatidylethanolamine (Amadori‐PE) accumulate in the plasma of diabetic humans and animals, but how lipid glycation products are formed under hyperglycemic conditions are not clear. We sought to clarify the occurrence of lipid glycation and its relationships with lipid peroxidation and protein glycation during the development of hyperglycemia using the streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rat model. A significant increase in Amadori‐PE was observed in STZ rats 7 days after STZ treatment, and Amadori‐PE (especially 18:0–20:4 Amadori‐PE) was found at high levels in the blood and in organs that are strongly affected by diabetes, such as the kidney. Significant changes in Amadori‐PE appeared to occur prior to changes in levels of oxidized lipids, which increased after 21–28 days. In addition, accumulation of Nε‐(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), a protein glycation product, proceeded somewhat more slowly and moderately than that of Amadori‐PE, suggesting that Amadori‐PE and CML are early and advanced glycation products, respectively. Our results suggest that Amadori‐PE may be a useful predictive marker for hyperglycemia, particularly in the early stages of diabetes. Similar speculations have been made from previous human studies, but this study provides a direct evidence to support the speculations in rat study.
Adverse metabolic phenotype in low-birth-weight lambs and its modification by postnatal nutrition
Authors: Wallace Jacqueline M. , Milne John S. , Adam Clare L. , Aitken Raymond P. 
Published: July 2011

Both high and low maternal dietary intakes adversely affect fetal nutrient supply in adolescent sheep pregnancies. Aims were: (a) to assess the impact of prenatal nutrition on pregnancy outcome, offspring growth and offspring glucose metabolism and (b) to determine whether the offspring metabolic phenotype could then be altered by modifying postnatal nutrition. Dams carrying a single fetus were offered either an optimal control (C) intake to maintain adiposity throughout pregnancy, undernourished to maintain weight at conception but deplete maternal reserves (UN), or overnourished to promote rapid maternal growth and adiposity (ON). Placental weight and gestation length were reduced in ON dams and lamb birth weights were C>UN>ON (P < 0·001). All offspring were fed ad libitum from weaning to 6 months of age. ON offspring exhibited rapid catch-up growth and had increased fasting glucose and relative glucose intolerance compared with C offspring (P < 0·05). Irrespective of prenatal diet and sex, birth weight correlated negatively with these indices of glucose metabolism. From 7 to 12 months offspring either had continued ad libitum diet (ADLIB; to induce an obesogenic state) or a decreased ration appropriate for normal growth (NORM). At 12 months, the negative relationship between birth weight and indices of glucose metabolism persisted in ADLIB females (for example, fasting glucose, r − 0·632; P < 0·03) but was absent in NORM females and in both male groups. Therefore, low-birth-weight offspring from differentially achieved prenatal malnutrition exhibit an early adverse metabolic phenotype, and this can apparently be ameliorated by postnatal nutrition in females but not in males.
Zagros orogeny: a subduction-dominated process
Authors: AGARD P. , OMRANI J. , JOLIVET L. , WHITECHURCH H. , VRIELYNCK B. , SPAKMAN W. , MONIÉ P. , MEYER B. , WORTEL R. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis paper presents a synthetic view of the geodynamic evolution of the Zagros orogen within the frame of the Arabia–Eurasia collision. The Zagros orogen and the Iranian plateau preserve a record of the long-standing convergence history between Eurasia and Arabia across the Neo-Tethys, from subduction/obduction processes to present-day collision (from ~ 150 to 0 Ma). We herein combine the results obtained on several geodynamic issues, namely the location of the oceanic suture zone, the age of oceanic closure and collision, the magmatic and geochemical evolution of the Eurasian upper plate during convergence (as testified by the successive Sanandaj–Sirjan, Kermanshah and Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic arcs), theP–T–thistory of the few Zagros blueschists, the convergence characteristics across the Neo-Tethys (kinematic velocities, tomographic constraints, subduction zones and obduction processes), together with a survey of recent results gathered by others. We provide lithospheric-scale reconstructions of the Zagros orogen from ~ 150 to 0 Ma across two SW–NE transects. The evolution of the Zagros orogen is also compared to those of the nearby Turkish and Himalayan orogens. In our geotectonic scenario for the Zagros convergence, we outline three main periods/regimes: (1) the Mid to Late Cretaceous (115–85 Ma) corresponds to a distinctive period of perturbation of subduction processes and interplate mechanical coupling marked by blueschist exhumation and upper-plate fragmentation, (2) the Paleocene–Eocene (60–40 Ma) witnesses slab break-off, major shifts in arc magmatism and distributed extension within the upper plate, and (3) from the Oligocene onwards (~ 30–0 Ma), collision develops with a progressive SW migration of deformation and topographic build-up (Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone: 20–15 Ma, High Zagros: ~12–8 Ma; Simply Folded Belt: 5–0 Ma) and with partial slab tear at depths (~10 Ma to present). Our reconstructions underline the key role played by subduction throughout the whole convergence history. We finally stress that such a long-lasting subduction system with changing boundary conditions also makes the Zagros orogen an ideal natural laboratory for subduction processes.
The Grading of Cultural Relics in Chinese Law
Authors: Lau Timothy 
Published: July 2011

AbstractLegal systems which triage protection to cultural relics based on a relic grading system have been adopted by several countries. This article examines the implementation of such a relic grading framework by the People's Republic of China. The current state of the law is summarized, and a recent criminal trial is described to illustrate the role the grading system plays within the law. The factors involved in defining the grades of cultural relics are then discussed in context of a cultural relic structural framework, with emphasis to both the state values that they serve and their ability to promote the objective of cultural property protection. The analysis highlights the problems and general considerations with the use of relic grading systems as a means to protect a large number of relics with finite resources.
Stepping Stones Across the Lihir Islands: Developing Cultural Heritage Management in the Context of a Gold-Mining Operation
Authors: Bainton Nicholas A. , Ballard Chris , Gillespie Kirsty , Hall Nicholas 
Published: July 2011

AbstractLarge-scale resource extraction projects often create obstacles for the protection, maintenance, and inheritance of indigenous cultural heritage. In this article we detail some of the challenges and opportunities arising from our collaborative partnership with the community of the Lihir Islands in Papua New Guinea, which is seeking to establish, inform, and resource a formal cultural heritage management program in the context of a large-scale gold-mining operation. The general approach to this collaborative venture involves the application of a specific development tool, the Stepping Stones for Cultural Heritage program. This consultative process is innovative in both Melanesia and the context of resource extraction, but also more generally within the field of cultural heritage. We describe the outcomes of this process and some of the initial pilot projects, one of which was based on the recording of traditional Lihirian songs. We also argue that while the mine places greater pressure upon Lihirian cultural heritage, it also presents Lihirians with the opportunity to realize a vision of their cultural future that is beyond the reach of many other indigenous communities.