bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Research on the Mass Incidents Law Based on Evolutionary Game Theory and Q-Learning
Authors: Zhang Dinghua , Cao Yajie , Zhao Changping , Yao Zufa , Cao Qiang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The mass incident is an evolutionary game process involving multiple subjects. In this process, each subject has strategy space and payoff matrix in the state space. The subject can get different payoffs according to the feedback information from the environment and decide after comparing different payoffs. The entire process is called the evolutionary game of mass events. This paper will do the following research work: (1) analyzing the general process of mass incidents from the perspective of an evolutionary game; (2) constructing the evolutionary game model of mass incidents based on Q-learning; and (3) validating the model by using certain mass incidents.
Cognitive Contrastive Study on Subjectivity in Political Discourse
Authors: Peng Bingzhuan , Lin Zijing 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Subjectivity is one of the essential features of discourse. A framework for analyzing subjectivity was constructed, and based on the framework, contrastive analysis of subjectivity in political discourse was explored. Both the method of introspection in linguistics and the statistical method in mathematics were employed. Our findings demonstrate that (1) concerning speaker’s perspective, the person deixis “we/us” and the distance deixis “this” are largely used in the two inaugural addresses, but Obama uses the person deixis “they/them” to show his respect for the selfless Americans, while Trump uses the person deixis “you” more to show his desire to win support; (2) concerning speaker’s emotion, both Presidents use positive adjectives frequently. However, Obama used more negative adjectives in his inaugural address, expressing his concern about the current dilemma. Trump uses emphatic adjectives more often, showing Trump’s emphasis on justice; (3) concerning the speaker’s cognition, both Presidents make extensive use of the dynamic modal verb “will” to reduce public resistance to their development plans. Obama uses the dynamic modal verb “can” to show his sober cognition of the current conditions of the United States, while Trump uses the epistemic modal verb “will” to express his confidence in future development. The study lays a theoretical foundation for the contrastive analysis of subjectivity in political discourse.
Plant-parasitic Nematodes Associated with Grasses Grown for Seed in the Willamette Valley of Oregon
Authors: Rivedal H. M. , Zasada I. A. , Temple T. N. , Peetz A. B. , Núñez-Rodríguez L. A. , Starchvick R. J. , Braithwaite E. T. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) are an understudied pathogen group in the Oregon cool-season grass seed cropping system. In this survey, the PPN associated with annual ryegrass, bentgrass, fine fescue, orchardgrass, perennial ryegrass, and tall fescue were determined. Thirty-seven fields were sampled in the 2022 or 2023 growing season by collecting 10 soil cores in each of six 100-m transects for nematode extraction and visual identification. PerMANOVA testing indicated significant differences in PPN community composition across grass host and sampling time. Pratylenchus and Meloidogyne were the most commonly encountered nematodes, with maximum population densities of 1,984 and 2,496 nematodes/100 g soil, respectively. Sequencing of the COX1 gene region indicated the presence of P. crenatus, P. fallax, P. neglectus, P. penetrans, and P. thornei, with some of these species being detected for the first time on these grass hosts. The only Meloidogyne sp. found in these grasses was M. nassi, based upon sequencing of the ITS gene region. This first-of-its-kind survey indicates the need for further assessment of the impact of these PPNs on yield and stand longevity in cool-season grass seed fields in Oregon.
PENGARUH ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT TERHADAP EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE MELALUI MEDIASI JOB SATISFACTION
Authors: Safa'Atturrizky Muhammad , Ekhsan Muhamad 
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini menggunakan kepuasan kerja (JS) sebagai variabel mediasi untuk menguji hubungan antara komitmen organisasi (OC) dan kinerja karyawan (EP). Enam puluh enam pekerja dari tiga perusahaan manufaktur di Kawasan Industri EJIP menjadi sampel penelitian. SmartPLS 3 digunakan untuk analisis data Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) berbasis varian. Temuan menunjukkan korelasi positif antara peningkatan kinerja karyawan dan komitmen organisasi yang tinggi. Di sisi lain, kinerja karyawan tidak dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh kepuasan kerja. Terlepas dari kenyataan bahwa kepuasan kerja dan komitmen organisasi berkorelasi positif, kepuasan kerja tidak berperan sebagai faktor mediasi dalam dampak komitmen organisasi terhadap kinerja karyawan. Dengan kata lain, rasa loyalitas yang kuat terhadap perusahaan dapat meningkatkan produktivitas karyawan tanpa memerlukan peningkatan kepuasan kerja. Tidak ada variabel mediasi yang signifikan antara kinerja karyawan dan komitmen organisasi yang berhubungan dengan kepuasan kerja. Pemahaman bahwa organisasi harus berkonsentrasi pada upaya mengembangkan komitmen organisasi yang kuat dari karyawan daripada hanya meningkatkan kepuasan kerja adalah kontribusi penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan kinerja karyawan.

This study uses job satisfaction (JS) as a mediating variable to examine the relationship between organizational commitment (OC) and employee performance (EP). Sixty-six workers from three manufacturing companies in the EJIP Industrial Estate made up the research sample. SmartPLS 3 was utilized for variant-based Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) data analysis. The findings demonstrated a positive correlation between increased employee performance and high organizational commitment. On the other hand, employee performance is not significantly impacted by job satisfaction. Despite the fact that job satisfaction and organizational commitment are positively correlated, job satisfaction does not act as a mediating factor in the impact of organizational commitment on employee performance. Put another way, a strong sense of loyalty to the company can enhance worker productivity without requiring a rise in job satisfaction. There is no significant mediating variable between employee performance and organizational commitment that is related to job satisfaction. The understanding that organizations should concentrate on efforts to develop strong organizational commitment from employees rather than just increasing job satisfaction is the research's contribution to improving employee performance.
LINKING TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT: INTERVENING ROLE OF WORK-LIFE BALANCE AND WORKPLACE SOCIAL SUPPORT
Authors: Kaban Lila Maria , Wimko Ritchie 
Published: May 2024

Perusahaan milik keluarga harus memanfaatkan seluruh potensi sumber daya manusianya dan menjaga loyalitas karyawan untuk mencapai tujuan perusahaan secara efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh kepemimpinan transformasional terhadap komitmen karyawan melalui keseimbangan kehidupan kerja dan dukungan sosial di tempat kerja. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Agustus hingga Desember 2023 menggunakan kuesioner online yang dibagikan kepada karyawan di salah satu perusahaan keluarga di Medan, Indonesia. Data yang dikumpulkan kemudian dianalia menggunakan PLS-SEM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan transformasional berpengaruh signifikan terhadap komitmen karyawan, keseimbangan kehidupan kerja, dan dukungan sosial di tempat kerja. Namun, meskipun dukungan sosial di tempat kerja mampu memediasi hubungan antara kepemimpinan transformasional dan komitmen karyawan, keseimbangan kehidupan kerja tidak dapat memediasi hubungan tersebut. Selain itu, ditemukan bahwa keseimbangan kehidupan kerja tidak mempunyai pengaruh langsung terhadap komitmen karyawan. Dengan menggunakan analisis IPMA, penelitian ini menyoroti pentingnya kepemimpinan transformasional dan dukungan sosial di tempat kerja dalam lingkungan bisnis keluarga. Kepemimpinan transformasional juga terbukti memiliki kinerja dan pengaruh paling tinggi terhadap komitmen karyawan. Disarankan agar manajer memprioritaskan aspek-aspek ini untuk mengurangi tingkat stres karyawan, meningkatkan kesejahteraan psikologis, dan meningkatkan kepuasan kerja, yang pada akhirnya menghasilkan tenaga kerja yang lebih berkomitmen dan berkinerja tinggi.

Family businesses must harness the full potential of their human resources and maintain employee loyalty to achieve the companies’ objectives effectively. This study examines the influence of transformational leadership on employee commitment through work-life balance and workplace social support. The research was conducted from August to December 2023 using an online questionnaire distributed to employees in a family firm in Medan, Indonesia. The data were then analyzed using PLS-SEM. The results show that transformational leadership significantly effects employee commitment, work-life balance, and workplace social support. However, although workplace social support mediates the relationship between transformational leadership and employee commitment, work-life balance fails to do so. It was also found that work-life balance has no direct influence on employee commitment. Using an IPMA analysis, this study highlights the importance of transformational leadership and workplace social support in the family business environment. Transformational leadership has also been shown to have the best performance and effect on employee commitment. Managers should prioritize these aspects to reduce employees’ stress levels, improve psychological well-being, and increase job satisfaction, leading to a more committed, high-performance workforce.
USE OF THE LIFE CYCLE APPROACH TO ANALYZE THE INDUSTRY SPECIFICS OF MANAGING A MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISE
Authors: YEPIFANOVA IRYNA , KASPIROVYCH ANTON 
Published: May 2024

The article raises the issue of expanding the management toolkit for managers of manufacturing enterprises by structuring business development using the life cycle methodology. The author proposes to separate the life cycles of a product and an operational process for a manufacturing enterprise in order to analyze in more detail the industry specifics of the manufacturing enterprise management model. The authors describe the stages of the life cycle of a product and a production process separately, which allows to more accurately formulate the conditions under which the growth, development and decline of manufacturing enterprises occur. Thus, the presentation of the subject area of the study in the form of a "Process - Product" matrix allows analyzing the variability of approaches to managing the manufacturing business. The paper provides a certain algorithm for choosing an approach to management depending on the market situation and the current position of the enterprise in the competitive struggle. In other words, this tool allows structuring strategic alternatives for further steps of the business in the market. The authors also propose the stages of the life cycle of a manufacturing business, including a description of each stage according to the main characteristics of the management model. The paper provides a basic scenario of the enterprise's movement through the life cycle, taking into account the risks and financial efficiency of the business. Thus, this approach forms a roadmap for business development from a startup to a full-fledged business. The most probable risks for management in making management decisions in the transition between stages are analyzed, the nature of their occurrence and the criteria for their manifestation are identified. Summarizing, it can be concluded that the proposed tools allow expanding the possibilities for the management of the enterprise to make timely and appropriate management decisions.
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen dalam Penarikan Objek Jaminan Fidusia oleh Debt Collector Akibat Wanprestasi Pada Perusahaan Pembiayaan
Authors: Faniyah Iyah , Syurya Alhadi. A  
Published: May 2024

Pasal 4 huruf e Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen mengatur bahwa setiap konsumen berhak untuk mendapatkan advokasi, perlindungan, dan upaya penyelesaian sengketa perlindungan konsumen secara patut. Namun, dalam praktiknya banyak terjadi penarikan objek jaminan fidusia dari konsumen secara paksa saat konsumen tidak membayar kredit tepat waktu. Penelitian ini membahas Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen Dalam Penarikan Objek Jaminan Fidusia dan kendala-kendala yang dihadapi untuk memperoleh perlindungan hukum tersebut. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan yuridis normatif, dengan melakukan penelitian terhadap aturan-aturan hukum terkait penarikan jaminan fidusia oleh debt collector. Didukung pendekatan yuridis empiris, dengan melakukan penelitian untuk melihat bekerjanya aturan-aturan hukum tersebut dalam prakteknya pada penarikan jaimanan fiducia oleh debt collector pada Perusahaan pembiayaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Pertama, perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen dalam penarikan objek jaminan fidusia oleh debt collector akibat wanprestasi pada perusahaan pembiayaan mencakup: 1) Perlindungan hukum preventif adalah adanya POJK Nomor 6 /POJK.07/2022 dan Peraturan Bank Indonesia Nomor 23/6/PBI/2021 yang memuat ketentuan penagihan kredit oleh debt collector, yaitu: (1) menunjukkan identitas resmi; (2) memiliki sertifikat profesi; (3) adanya perjanjian tertulis penggunaan jasa debt collector; (4) Penagihan tidak boleh memakai ancaman, kekerasan atau mempermalukan debitur; (5) dilarang menggunakan kekerasan verbal; (7) dilarang meneror; b) Perlindungan hukum represif yaitu a) adanya sanksi pidana terhadap perusahaan pembiayaan yang sengaja memalsukan, mengubah, menghilangkan atau dengan cara apapun memberikan keterangan secara menyesatkan dalam perjanjian dengan konsumen; b) eksekusi atas objek jaminan fiduasia yang dilakukan dengan cara bertentangan dengan undang-undang dapat membatalkan perjanjian; c) Sanksi pidana terhadap perusahaan pembiayaan yang melakukan eksekusi objek jaminan fidusia secara paksa dari konsumen. Kedua, Kendala-kendala yang dihadapi konsumen dalam penarikan objek jaminan fidusia oleh debt collector akibat wanprestasi pada perusahaan pembiayaan adalah: a) Ketentuan penarikan objek jaminan fidusia yang kontradiktif satu sama lain dan rumusannya tidak jelas serta tegas, b) Terlalu banyak peranan lembaga yang terlibat dalam penegakan hukum UUPK, c) Tidak ada Standar Operasional Perusahaan (SOP) terkait penarikan objek jaminan fidusia dalam perjanjian yang telah disepakati oleh konsumen dan perusahaan pembiayaan, d) Perusahaan pembiayaan tidak patuh terhadap aturan yang ada, e) perusahaan pembiayaan tidak melaksanakan putusan badan penyelesaian sengketa konsumen dengan sukarela, dan f) pengetahuan konsumen yang rendah terkait perlindungan hukum terhadap dirinya.
Multi-Center Assessment of Lymph-Node Density and Nodal-Stage to Predict Disease-Specific Survival in Patients with Bladder Cancer Treated by Radical Cystectomy
Authors: van Gennep Erik J. , Claps Francesco , Bostrom Peter J. , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Neuzillet Yann , Zlotta Alexandre R. , Trombetta Carlo , Eckstein Markus , Mertens Laura S. , Bussani Rossana , Burger Maximilian , Boormans Joost L. , Wullich Bernd , Hartmann Arndt , Mayr Roman , Pavan Nicola , Bartoletti Riccardo , Mir M. Carmen , Pouessel Damien , van der Hoeven John , van der Kwast Theo H. , Allory Yves , Zuiverloon Tahlita C.M. , Lotan Yair , van Rhijn Bas W.G. 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND: Prognostic tools in pathological-node (pN) patients after radical cystectomy (RC) are needed. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prognostic impact of lymph node (LN)-density on disease-specific survival (DSS) in patients with bladder cancer (BC) undergoing RC with pelvic lymph node dissection. METHODS: We analyzed a multi-institutional cohort of 1169 patients treated with upfront RC for cT1-4aN0M0 urothelial BCat nine centers. LN-densitywas calculated as the ratio of the number of positive LNs×100% to the number of LNs removed. The optimal LN-density cut-off value was defined by creating a time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve in pN patients. Univariable and multivariable Cox’ regression analyses were used to assess the effect of conventional Tumor Nodes Metastasis (TNM) nodal staging system, LN-density and other LN-related variables on DSS in the pN-positive cohort. RESULTS: Of the 1169 patients, 463 (39.6%) patients had LN-involvement. The area under the ROC curve was 0.60 and the cut-off for LN-density was set at 20%, 223 of the pN-positive patients (48.2%) had a LN-density ≥ 20%. In multivariable models, the number of LN-metastases (HR 1.03, p = 0.005) and LN-density, either as continuous (HR 1.01, p = 0.013) or as categorical variable (HR 1.37, p = 0.014), were independently associated with worse DSS, whereas pN-stage was not. CONCLUSIONS: LN-density ≥ 20% was an independent predictor of worse DSS in BC patients with LN-involvement at RC. The integration of LN-density and other LN-parameters rather than only conventional pN-stage may contribute to a more refined risk-stratification in BC patients with nodal involvement.
In-vitro studies of relative intracellular alterations caused by three variants of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Authors: Khaneja Poorna , Angel Annette , Joshi Vinod , Angel Bennet , Buvvaji Shareef Mohammed , Mohan Sneha , Dheer Monika , Kumari Khusbhu , Joshi Ramesh , Thakur Rajesh , Barthwal Shilpa , Khan Ambreen Shafaat , Peer Nuzhat Maqbool , Singh Satendar Pal , Singh Neha , Sharma Bhawna , Chitransh Aarya , Chauhan Reshu , Tomar Komal , Yadav Kiran 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND: The comparative understanding between cellular basis of transmission and clinical severities caused by Wuhan, Delta and Omicron strains of SARS-CoV-2 is important. OBJECTIVE: To conduct In-Vitro studies on cellular infection caused by different variants by performing cytotoxic assays and studying the live microscopic observations. METHODS: The swab samples positive for Wuhan, Delta and Omicron strains were inoculated in the Vero cell lines and their rate of infectivity and nature of cytopathy was observed. RESULTS: The study showed maximum inter cellular connectivity among cells infected by Delta variant, followed by Wuhan and least inter cellular connections in the cells infected by Omicron variant. The Delta strain causing highest mortality as per reported epidemiological trends, showed highest inter cellular connections and maximum cell damage supporting the fastest cell to cell spread of infection and causing most mortality among patients. CONCLUSIONS: The paper reports that numerous inter cellular connections is the cause of spread of infection among cells and maximum cell damage as the cause of clinical severities. The paper sensitizes the issue that 52 subunit of viral Spike Protein could act as fusion enzyme causing the numerous inter cellular connections. Study suggests that the S2 subunit of the viral Spike Protein could be the drug target for therapeutic intervention.
Ciita Regulates Local and Systemic Immune Responses in a Combined rAAV-α-synuclein and Preformed Fibril-Induced Rat Model for Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Fredlund Filip , Jimenez-Ferrer Itzia , Grabert Kathleen , Belfiori Lautaro Francisco , Luk Kelvin , Swanberg Maria 
Published: May 2024

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by alpha-synuclein ( α-Syn) pathology, neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Human leukocyte antigen ( HLA) variants associated with PD and α-Syn specific CD4+ T lymphocytes in PD patients highlight the importance of antigen presentation in PD etiology. The class II transactivator (CIITA) regulates major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) expression. Reduced Ciita levels significantly increase α-Syn pathology, nigrostriatal neurodegeneration and behavioral deficits in α-Syn-induced rat PD models. Objective: Characterize immune profiles associated with enhanced PD-like pathology observed in rats expressing lower Ciita levels (DA.VRA4) compared to the background strain (DA). Methods: To model PD, we combined rAAV-mediated α-Syn overexpression in the substantia nigra with striatal injection of α-Syn preformed fibrils. Immune profiles in brain and blood were analyzed by flow cytometry and multiplexed ELISA in naïve rats, 4- and 8 weeks post rAAV injection. Results: Flow cytometry showed Ciita-dependent regulation of MHCII on microglia, brain macrophages and circulating myeloid cells. The MHCII-dependent microglial response was highest at 4 weeks post rAAV injection, whereas the MHCII levels in circulating myeloid cells was highest at 8 weeks. There was no major infiltration of macrophages or T lymphocytes into the CNS in response to α-Syn and only subtle Ciita- and/or α-Syn-dependent changes in the T lymphocyte compartment. Lower Ciita levels were consistently associated with higher TNF levels in serum. Conclusions: Ciita regulates susceptibility to PD-like pathology through minor but detectable changes in resident and peripheral immune cells and TNF levels, indicating that mild immunomodulatory therapies could have therapeutic effects in PD.
Plant protein substitution for animal protein and its association with cardiovascular risk factors and inflammatory biomarkers in elderly men: A substitution analysis
Authors: Abbasi Hanieh , Fahimfar Noushin , Nazarzadeh Milad , Azadbakht Leila 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND: Substituting different types of protein intake may be associated with cardiovascular risk factors and inflammatory biomarkers. However, there are few studies conducted on elders and the findings are contradictory. OBJECTIVE: We decided to examine the association of substituting plant protein for animal protein with cardiovascular risk factors and inflammatory biomarkers among elderly men. METHOD: The current cross-sectional study included 357 elderly men chosen from health centres in southern Tehran, Iran. They provide written consent to be included in the study. We used a validated and reliable food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess dietary intake. All biochemical factors like lipid profile, fasting blood sugar (FBS), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin 6 (IL6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured. Waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure (BP) were also assessed. The substitution analysis by STATA was used to examine the aforementioned association. RESULTS: Substituting animal protein with plant protein had significant beneficial association with WC (OR: –4.28; 95% CI: –8.51, –0.62; Ptrend = 0.047) and LDL/HDL (OR: –0.26; 95% CI: –0.48, –0.05; Ptrend = 0.018). CONCLUSION: In elderly men, substituting animal protein with plant protein had favorable association with some of cardiovascular risk factors including WC and LDL/HDL but there was no significant association for inflammatory biomarkers.
IZQUIERDA Y DERECHA
Authors: Bobbio Norberto 
Published: May 2024

Este ensayo de Norberto Bobbio, aparecido en el periódico La Stampa el 3 de diciembre de 1992, tiene una significación especial en cuanto es antecedente directo de su libro Destra e sinistra (Derecha e izquierda), publicado en 1994, sin lugar a dudas el más traducido y vendido de todos sus textos.