bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OTA Board appointment
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Rep. Don Sundquist (R‐Tenn.) has been appointed by House Speaker Thomas P. (Tip) O'Neill. Jr. (D‐Mass.) to the congressional board of the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA). Sundquist replaces retired Rep. Larry Winn, Jr. (R‐Kans.).The OTA Board consists of six senators and six representatives, evenly divided by party; the OTA director participates as a nonvoting member. OTA ‐analyzes issues in science and technology for Senate and House Committees without advocating particular policies or courses of action.
Two nominated for Science Board
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

President Ronald Reagan plans to nominate Thomas B. Day and James J. Duderstadt to the National Science Board (NSB), according to an announcement by the National Science Foundation (NSF). Day, a theoretical and experimental high‐energy physicist, is president of San Diego State University, San Diego, Calif. Duderstadt is a nuclear engineer and is dean of the College of Engineering of the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.The 24‐member NSB is the policy‐making body of the NSF. Current members of the NSB include Peter T. Flawn, a geologist who is president of the University of Texas at Austin, and William A. Nierenberg, director of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego.
Drilling cores clarify stratigraphy
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The recently completed third leg of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP Leg 103) provided much new information about the stratigraphy of the Spanish coast. Moreover, drillhole data from this leg challenged some conventional ideas about the region's stratigraphy that had been deduced from previous seismic reflection profiling studies.The scientific staff aboard the JOIDES Resolution studied the area in which what is now the Iberian Peninsula once joined what is now Newfoundland. After studying cores from 12 drillholes, the scientists believe that some of their results may force a revision of the previously accepted interpretations garnered from seismic stratigraphy, according to Edward L. Winterer of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, Calif., who served as a co‐chief scientist of the cruise.
Congressional briefing
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The Board on Earth Sciences will hold a briefing on geologic hazards for congressmen and congressional staff on October 18, 1985. The briefing will include a general discussion of geologic hazards, but will emphasize earthquake hazards.The Board on Earth Sciences is part of the National Research Council's Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Resources. Joseph W. Berg, Jr., is executive secretary of the board.
The last word on science
Authors: Wheaton Bruce R. 
Published: October 2011

While I was growing up, history was presented as a succession of political events stretched on a matrix of dates, elections, battles, and diplomatic coups. I found it all rather boring, so it is somewhat ironic that I find myself now a professional historian.My own views began to change when I discovered that some people studied the evolution of things other than politics: of ideas and concepts, of the social institutions that affected and were affected by those ideas, of the relationship in general between society and (for the case in point) the sciences. I had always been interested in science but rather more in the process of scientific validation of concepts than in assimilating the currently accepted world view. I was therefore delighted to discover the field of history of science and was fortunate to have several excellent teachers to introduce me to it.
NSF budget for fiscal 1986
Authors: Katzoff Judith A. 
Published: October 2011

Congress recently passed its first authorization bill for the National Science Foundation (NSF) since fiscal year (FY) 1981. As part of specifying how NSF should spend its money, the bill (H.R. 1210) directs NSF to conduct biannual assessments of universities' needs for research facilities, as called for in the proposed University Research Facilities Revitalization Act (H.R. 2823) (Eos, September 17, 1985, p. 660).The NSF appropriation was of another bill (H.R. 3038) that provided more than $50 billion for the Department of Housing and Urban Development and for 17 independent agencies. The appropriation bill calls for NSF to receive $45.6 million less for research and related activities than the budget request, $5 million less than the request for the U.S. Antarctic Program, but $5 million more than the request for science and engineering education (see Table 1).
Meeting summary housing and registration information
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The 1986 Ocean Sciences Meeting of the American Geophysical Union and the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO) will be held January 13–17, 1986, in New Orleans, La., at the Fairmont Hotel. Co‐sponsoring societies are the Acoustical Society of America (ASA), the American Meteorological Society (AMS), the Marine Technology Society (MTS), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Oceanic Engineering Society (OES).Some of the most compelling problems in science and technology span two or more disciplines, and this is especially true of oceanography, which is an amalgamation of several sciences with technology. This meeting will cover topics that include physical and biological oceanography, atmospheric sciences, chemical and geological oceanography, underwater acoustics, and ocean technology.
Cynthia Bravo: 25 years at AGU
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Cynthia L. Bravo, director of the Meetings and Member Programs Division at AGU headquarters, last week celebrated her 25th anniversary as a member of the AGU staff. The only other person to have achieved this distinction is Waldo E. Smith, AGU Executive Director Emeritus.When Cynthia reported for work on November 21, 1960, she became the 13th member of the Union's headquarters staff. Although her official title was clerk‐typist, she was immediately dispatched to the mail room to send ballots to the 6267 AGU members (Thomas F. Malone was running unopposed for President and George P. Woollard and Charles A. Whitten were running for Vice President). Two weeks later, she was promoted to subscription supervisor. Although ensuing promotions did not follow as quickly, in her 25 years at AGU, Cynthia has worked in a variety of positions: as head of staff services, administrative assistant to the office manager, administrative assistant to the executive director, meetings manager, and member programs manager. On January 1, 1980, she became director of what is now called the Meetings and Member Programs Division, which serves the more than 18,000 current members and encompasses all programs except publications.
Neil Mather Brice 1934–1974
Authors: Axford W. I. , Farley D. T. , Helliwell R. A. , Kennel C. F. 
Published: October 2011

How many of us express our deepest thoughts about life on our office doors? Neil Brice evidently did, because he posted Oscar Wilde's famous aphorism on his. We are sure Brice wished that he had said it first.Neil Brice is now dead 11 years, killed at age 40 in an airplane crash in Pago Pago, American Samoa. This article is a remembrance of him. Yet it is more than that, for in recalling Brice, we call forth memories of the time when modern magnetospheric physics was being born, a time when our measurements were consistent only in their suggestive inconsistency, a time when there was no refuge for the unimaginative.
Mass extinction causes debated
Authors: Katzoff Judith A. 
Published: October 2011

A highly charged atmosphere and a tacit agreement to disagree marked the first Union session at the 1985 AGU Fall Meeting,“Where Are We Now on Iridium, Anomalies, Extinctions, Impacts, Volcanism, and Periodicity?” The session brought together a remarkably large and varied group of participants who are studying topics related to mass extinctions. “The important thing is bringing all these people together, sharing … how they think,” said J. John Sepkoski, Jr., of the University of Chicago, who presented one of the session's invited papers.The controversies under discussion included the nature of the catastrophic events that may have occurred 65 million years ago to precipitate mass extinctions between the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods and whether mass extinctions have occurred at regular intervals (and if so, what those intervals are). Both the group advocating extraterrestrial impacts and that advocating episodes of unusual terrestrial volcanism seemed to agree that both kinds of catastrophes would have brought on highly acidic precipitation that could have threatened many life forms. In fact, one paleontologist called for closer examination of patterns of survival during periods of mass extinctions in order to gain clues about the nature of the events that may have brought on the extinctions. “The survivors … set limits on what could have occurred,” said William A. Clemens of the University of California, Berkeley.
Model simulates ocean conditions
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Researchers from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) have developed a high‐resolution general circulation computer model that has been used to simulate ocean conditions in the tropical Pacific. According to George Philander of NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory in Princeton, N.J., the new model has been used in a “remarkably realistic” simulation of the 1982–1983 El Niño event, one of the most severe on record.The model accurately recreated sea surface temperatures at different stages of the El Niño event and provided simulated currents and subsurface temperatures in excellent agreement with those actually observed, Philander said. “The model is being run in real time, and for the first time provides us with a coherent picture of oceanic conditions in the Pacific.” Later this year, the new model will be transferred to NOAA's National Meteorological Center for operational use.
The Chemical Evolution of the Atmospheres and Oceans
Authors: Arthur Michael A. 
Published: October 2011

Having devoured Holland's earlier book on the modern state of ocean and atmosphere chemical reservoirs, The Chemistry of the Atmosphere and Oceans (Wiley‐Interscience, New York, 1978), and having read several of the stimulating papers that derived from his work on the promised companion volume, concerned with the history of atmospheric and ocean chemistry, I eagerly anticipated publication of The Chemical Evolution of the Atmosphere and Oceans. It has been published, and I am not disappointed, nor will the education of any graduate student or practing professional in the earth or ocean sciences be complete without thorough study of this long‐awaited book. There is nothing else that resembles it in subject matter, comprehensiveness, and thoughtful and objective analysis of data and of old and new ideas in the field.Holland has devoted space and consideration in his book to the different episodes in atmospheric and ocean chemical history of the earth roughly in proportion to the relative duration of each episode. This, of course, means that the treatment of the relatively data‐rich Phanerozoic interval is more terse than the sections on the Precambrian. Yet Holland handles the paucity of data for the Precambrian with flair and appropriate conjecture. In fact, it is in this part of the book that his impressive intellect shines.
Acting Director appointed for OSTP
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

John P. McTague has been designated acting director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) and acting science advisor to the President. McTague has served as the deputy director of OSTP under director George A. Keyworth II for the last 2 years. After 4½ years as science advisor, Keyworth left OSTP December 31 to start a consulting firm (Eos, December 10, 1985, p. 1219).A physical chemist by training, McTague was chairman of the National Synchrotron Light Source Department at Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, N.Y., from 1982 to late 1983, when he took the post at OSTP. From 1970–1982, he was a professor of chemistry and a member of the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics at the University of California, Los Angeles.
Planet Earth and the New Geoscience
Authors: Burke Kevin 
Published: October 2011

AGU has embarked on a new kind of activity by becoming involved in an ambitious project called “Planet Earth,” the core of which consists of a series of television programs to be seen in the United States on PBS, starting in January of this year (see box). I here review a course text designed to be used in combination with these television specials.Although there is an element of self‐interest in reviewing in Eos a book that forms part of a project to which AGU is heavily committed. I have been able to quiet my conscience by convincing myself that there are special reasons for such a review: the concerted text and television approach is novel in our field, the subject matter is of general interest to members of the Union, and (most important) I was not myself involved. The more than 75 people cited in the credits include the current AGU president and several of his distinguished predecessors, as well as numerous geophysicists, with a sprinkling of science journalists, educators, administrators, and television experts.
Shuttle accident stalls science plans
Authors: Katzoff Judith A. 
Published: October 2011

Plans to make 1986 a uniquely productive year for U.S. space science activities ended in one horrible moment with the January 28, 1986, explosion of the space shuttle Challenger. The joyless scene at Cape Canaveral, Fla., stood in sharp contrast to the overwhelming success of Voyager 2 in its encounter with Uranus 4 days earlier. (Scientific details of that encounter will follow in upcoming issues of Eos.)Of the 15 space shuttle flights planned for fiscal year 1986, beginning October 1, 1985, a total of seven were to have carried scientific payloads for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The remaining eight flights were evenly divided between missions for the U.S. Department of Defense and commercial missions for NASA's paying customers. The explosion caused NASA to put its entire space shuttle program on hold to allow time for engineers to find the cause of the accident and for NASA to implement corrective measures. As Eos went to press, NASA acting administrator William R. Graham had not yet released the names of those who would serve on the formal investigative panel. “I think everybody's agreed that it will take weeks to months to unravel,” said Alexander Dessler, director of the space science laboratory at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center near Huntsville, Ala. Dessler speculated that investigators would begin with a list of hundreds of possible causes for the explosion.
Ocean Sciences Award
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The Ocean Sciences Award is presented by the Ocean Sciences Section of AGU to an individual who has made outstanding and longstanding contributions to the ocean sciences. Previous recipients are Eugene C. LaFond 1982, Richard C. Vetter 1983, Robert E. Wall 1983, Fennan D. Jennings 1984, Wayne V. Burt 1984, W. Stanley Wilson 1984, Curtis A. Collins 1985.Nominations are solicited for candidates for the Ocean Sciences Award in 1986. Letters of nomination should be sent to Arnold L. Gordon, President‐Elect, Ocean Sciences Section, Lamont‐Doherty Geological Observatory, Palisades, NY 10964. The deadline for nominations is May 1, 1986. Nominations may be accompanied by seconding nominations and a resume of the candidate.
Investigation of Surtsey Volcano
Authors: Moore James G. , Jakobsson Sveinn P. , Norrman John O. 
Published: October 2011

The volcanic island of Surtsey, Iceland, was built during the period November 1963 to June 1967 and is one of the few oceanic volcanic islands that has formed and survived in recent times. New stimulus to geologic work on the island was provided in 1979 by completion of a 181‐m‐deep hole that was drilled to investigate the structure of the volcano and the active hydrothermal system below.During August 1985 an international group of researchers undertook a series of geologic and biologic investigations on the island. This work was facilitated by new aerial photographs taken by the Icelandic Geodetic Survey and a new bathymetric map of the Surtsy region made by the Icelandic Hydrographic Service (both in Reykjavik). Ground surveying of markers appearing in the photographs will permit a major revision of the to pographic map of the island (scale 1:5000). The new bathymetry defines the extent of continuing erosion of three volcanic vents, two of which formed short‐lived islands during the Surtsey eruptive episode. Since 1967, when the first bathymetry of these submarine features was made, the summitt errace of Syrtlingur has been reduced from 23 to 32 m below sea level; that of Jolnir, from 15 to 37 m; and that of Surtla, from 32 t o 46 m.
Perspectives on Capitol Hill: Notes from a former Fellow
Authors: Bernabo J. Christopher 
Published: October 2011

The AGU Congressional Science Fellowship (CSF) enables scientists to venture into the policy arena and return wiser about the political forces that shape our nation and the scientific enterprise it supports. As chairman of AGU's CSF selection committee for 5 years after leaving the Hill, I have observed that this experience has a lasting influence on the Fellows by providing them with a unique and valuable appreciation of the relationship between science and policy.Science does not provide the answers to policy makers' ultimate questions. We elect our officials to arbitrate and act on concepts such as equity, good, and evil. Science is mute on the values that underlie the decisions societies make. Technical information is crucial inidentifying concerns, framing issues , and defining the physical conseque nces of alternative actions. Yet in the end, a subjective value judgement determines what policy is “right.” Take the example of nuclear energy: should our policies encourage or discourage its use? On the surface this appears to be a question with a technical answer. Congress has called on dozens of scientists to offer an answer and predictably has found Nobel Laureates on both sides because any answer involves a value judgement. Science can approximate the risks and benefits, but society must decide what ratio between the two is acceptable .
Inner Core Experiments: Teleseismic exploration of the antipode
Authors: Butler Rhett , Brocher Thomas M. , Rial José A. 
Published: October 2011

A seismic experiment at the antipode of a nuclear test will yield high resolution data for the inner core, outer core, and core‐mantle boundary of the earth that are not obtainable at any other place on the earth's surface. The antipode to the Nevada test site lies 180° opposite in the Crozet basin of the Southwest Indian Ocean between Madagascar and the Kerguelen Islands. An ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) array deployment at the antipode is feasible with present‐day navigation and technology. Current seismic wave propagation techniques can handle the analysis and modeling of data from an antipode experiment. The primary impediments of an antipode experiment are threefold:

security of nuclear tests,
ship scheduling,
funding coordination
. Although difficulties are presented by each, they can be overcome.
Human impact on rivers
Authors: Cole John A. 
Published: October 2011

Hydrologists from eastern and western Europe met at the U.K. Institute of Hydrology in Wallingford in November 1985 to launch a new environmental impact project, established under Project 6.1 of the UNESCO International Hydrological Programme. The work is being jointly funded by the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Norway, and the Federal Republic of Germany; it will be based at Wallingford.The project will utilize the results of longterm monitoring of experimental and representative basins from a number of countries and includes the effects of man's activities (such as acidification, forestry, and groundwater pollution) on snow melt, flood and lowflow frequencies, and water quality regimes for both surface and groundwaters. There will be a strong emphasis on techniques for transferring results from experimental basins to ungaged regions.
Behind the scenes during a comet encounter
Authors: Green James L. , King Joseph H. 
Published: October 2011

Personnel at the National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC) and the Space Physics Analysis Network (SPAN) had the privilege of participating in an exciting adventure, namely the September 11, 1985, rendezvous of the International Cometary Explorer (ICE) spacecraft with Comet Giacobini‐Zinner (G‐Z). An incredible number of details must be worked out to ensure the success of an encounter mission, and extraordinary efforts on the part of many individuals become the norm rather than the exception. Tracking, communications, and a seemingly endless array of analysis computers must all function well together to provide near—real‐time data to the scientists, who are then asked to do near‐real‐time data analysis.There is much praise to be given to many organizations and individuals who participated in the various aspects of the encounter. However, in this report, we will concentrate only on the contributions of NSSDC and SPAN, both of which are bringing about a new space data systems environment, and both of which are being vastly improved for use by the space and earth science communities. The purpose of NSSDC is to serve as a centralized archive and distribution center for data obtained from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) space and earth science flight investigations and to perform a variety of services to enhance the scientific return from the initial NASA investment in these missions. SPAN is a mission‐independent computer‐to‐computer network that is used as a tool to gain electronic access to NASA facilities (such as NSSDC), coinvestigators, and data for several thousand scientists.
Ocean Sciences Award
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The Ocean Sciences Award is presented by the Ocean Sciences Section of AGU to an individual who has made outstanding and long‐standing contributions to the ocean sciences. Previous recipients are Eugene C. LaFond 1982, Richard C. Vetter 1983, Robert E. Wall 1983, Fennan D. Jennings 1984, Wayne V. Burt 1984, W. Stanley Wilson 1984, Curtis A. Collins 1985.Nominations are solicited for candidates for the Ocean Sciences Award in 1986. Letters of nomination should be sent to Arnold L. Gordon, President‐Elect, Ocean Sciences Section, Lamont‐Doherty Geological Observatory, Palisades, NY 10964. The deadline for nominations is May 1, 1986. Nominations may be accompanied by seconding nominations and a resume of the candidate.