bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information Sharing in Food Supply Chains
Authors: Mohtadi Hamid 
Published: July 2010

Information sharing among firms within many industries accounts for a substantial part of the gains from information technology adoption in these industries. In this paper we examine the determinants of information sharing between retailers and their suppliers, in the food industry supply chain. Using a data set known as the Super Market Panel Data gathered by the University of Minnesota's Food Industry Center, the behavior of food retailers is examined in their adoption of information sharing technologies that facilitate vertical exchange of information with suppliers. Evidence supports the hypothesis that retail firms with larger number of suppliers are more inclined to share, rather than to withhold, information. Prior theoretical work suggests that this happens because retail firms with large number of suppliers are less concerned about opportunistic behavior of suppliers from the misuse of retailer information by the supplier. We also find that self‐distribution chains are more inclined to share information. Finally, the structure of the market plays an interesting role in the type of information sharing platforms that the retailers adopt. Dans de nombreux secteurs, l'échange d'information entre entreprises représente une part substantielle des gains issus de l'adoption des technologies de l'information. Dans le présent article, nous avons examiné les déterminants de l'échange d'information entre les détaillants de la chaîne d'approvisionnement alimentaire et leurs fournisseurs. À l'aide de l'ensemble de données Supermarket Panel Data, établi par le Food Industry Center de l'University of Minnesota, nous avons examiné le comportement des détaillants en alimentation quant à l'adoption des technologies d'échange d'information facilitant l'échange d'information vertical avec les fournisseurs. Les observations appuient l'hypothèse selon laquelle les détaillants qui comptent de nombreux fournisseurs sont plus disposés àéchanger qu’à retenir l'information. D'après des études théoriques antérieures, cette situation serait attribuable au fait que les détaillants qui comptent de nombreux fournisseurs sont moins préoccupés par le comportement opportuniste de fournisseurs qui utiliseraient de façon malveillante de l'information sur le détaillant. Nous avons également observé que les chaînes d'autodistribution étaient plus enclines àéchanger de l'information. Finalement, la structure du marché joue un rôle intéressant dans le type de plateformes d'échange d'information qu’adoptent les détaillants.
IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIA FROM UNCOOKED ARK SHELLS BY USING SHERLOCK MICROBIAL IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM AND 16S rRNA SEQUENCE ANALYSIS
Authors: SU XIURONG , CHEN YAN , LIU BING , SONG YIYIN 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT Seven bacteria strains were isolated from fresh uncooked ark shells and were subsequently identified by their unique fatty acid profile using Sherlock Microbial Identification System (MIS). Identification with MIS followed the manufacturer's instruction except for 2.7% NaCl supplement in culture medium because these halophilic bacteria do not grow well on the standard trypticase soy broth agar medium. Results obtained from MIS were verified by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Based on the sequence of 16S rRNA gene, SB1 was Vibrio alginolyticus, SB3 was Vibrio parahaemolyticus, SB2 was Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis, AS1 was Vibrio furnissii, TG1 was Vibrio mediterranei, TG2 was Bacillus circulans, and TG3 was Pseudomonas fluorescens. The results obtained from 16S rRNA sequence analysis were consistent with those obtained from MIS. These results suggested that both methods can be applied for routine identification of bacteria isolated from fresh seafood to ensure that the consumption of uncooked ark shells is safe.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSUncooked seafood mainly includes fresh mollusks and processed products such as crab paste and Bullacta exarata. They are popular with lots of customers as they are not only delicious, but also rich in nutrients. However, it is a pity that bacteria were commonly found in uncooked seafood primarily because of its special edible way, uncooking. As a result of this, foodborne disease caused by uncooked seafood occurred frequently. In this article, the author did research on bacterial community in uncooked seafood to provide evidence for food safety and quality control.
Neurotrophic Factors in Peripheral Neuropathies: Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Apfel Stuart C. 
Published: July 2010

Neurotrophic factors are proteins which promote the survival of specific neuronal populations. Many have other physiological effects on neurons such as inducing morphological differentiation, enhancing nerve regeneration, stimulating neurotransmitter expression, and otherwise altering the physiological characteristics of neurons. These properties suggest that neurotrophic factors are highly promising as potential therapeutic agents for neurological disease.Neurotrophic factors will most likely be applied to the peripheral nervous system initially, since there are fewer problems for large proteins to gain access to peripheral neurons. Many of the most intensively studied factors are active in the peripheral nervous system. These include the neurotrophins (nerve growth factor, brain derived neurotrophic factor, neu‐rotrophin‐3, neurotrophin‐4/5), the insulin like growth factors, ciliary neurotrophic factor, and glial cell derived neurotrophic factor and its related proteins. The biology of these factors and their receptors in the peripheral nervous system is reviewed here. We also review data suggesting that abnormal availability of some factors may contribute towards the pathogenesis of certain types of peripheral neuropathy. Finally, the pre‐clinical data suggesting that individual factors might be effective in treating neuropathy is reviewed, along with data relating to possible side effects of neurotrophic factor therapy. Several factors have already entered clinical trials with variable success. The data from these trials is reviewed as well
The Role of Mitochondria in the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Manfredim Giovanni , Beal M. Flint 
Published: July 2010

A growing body of evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction may play an important role in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative disorders. Because mitochondrial metabolism is not only the principal source of high energy intermediates, but also of free radicals, it has been suggested that inherited or acquired mitochondrial defects could be the cause of neuronal degeneration as a consequence of energy defects and oxidative damage. Mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction has been reported in association with primary mitochondrial DNA abnormalities, and also as a consequence of mutations in nuclear genes directly involved in mitochondrial functions, such as SURF1, frataxin, and paraplegin.Defects of oxidative phosphorylation and increased free radical production have also been observed in diseases that are not due to primary mitochondrial abnormalities. In these cases, the mitochondrial dysfunction is likely to be an epiphenomenon, which, nevertheless, could be of importance in precipitating a cascade of events leading to cell death. In either case, understanding the role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases could be important for the development of therapeutic strategies in these disorders.
Cellular Damage and Prevention in Childhood Hydrocephalus
Authors: Del Bigio Marc R. 
Published: July 2010

The literature concerning brain damage due to hydrocephalus, especially in children and animal models, is reviewed. The following conclusions are reached:

Hydrocephalus has a deleterious effect on brain that is dependent on magnitude and duration of ventriculomegaly and modified by the age of onset.
Animal models have many histopathological similarities to humans and can be used to understand the pathogenesis of brain damage.
Periventricular axons and myelin are the primary targets of injury. The pathogenesis has similarities to traumatic and ischemic white matter injury. Secondary changes in neurons reflect compensation to the stress or ultimately the disconnection.
Altered efflux of extracellular fluid could result in accumulation of waste products that might interfere with neuron function. Further research is needed in this as well as the blood‐brain barrier in hydrocephalus.
Some, but not all, of the changes are preventable by shunting CSF. However, axon loss cannot be reversed, therefore shunting in a given case must be considered carefully.
Experimental work has so far failed to show any benefit in reducing CSF production. Pharmacologic protection of the brain, at least as a temporary measure, holds some promise but more pre‐clinical research is required.
JANUARY 2004: ELDERLY FILIPINO MAN WITH FRONTAL LOBE TUMOR
Authors: Hamilton Ronald L. , Wada David , Morita Michon , Hardman John M. 
Published: July 2010

CASE OF THE MONTH: ABSTRACTJANUARY 2004 CASE OF THE MONTH (COM). A 74‐year‐old Filipino man presented with new‐onset partial‐complex seizures. Eight months earlier he had a subtotal gastrectomy for adenocarcinoma classified as T1N0M0 stage IA. He was irradiated. Two months later, he became confused and developed rhythmic, seizure‐like movements of the extremities. A head CT revealed a 2 cm. right frontal lobe mass. On MRI, the mass exhibited ring enhancement and was surrounded by edematous white matter. The patient denied headache, weakness or constitutional symptoms. CT of the chest and abdomen revealed no evidence of metastatic spread or other abnormalities. His seizures were controlled with fosphenytoin and dexamethasone. Preoperatively the frontal lobe lesion was considered most likely to be either a metastatic or primary tumor. Resection of the frontal lobe lesion revealed a firm gliotic cystic mass. Crush preparations and frozen sections showed acute and chronic inflammation, gliosis, fibrosis, and many foreign body giant cells reacting to parasitic larval tissue. Intact and necrotic larval parts were surrounded by gliotic brain tissue containing foreign body giant cells, macrophages, and lymphocytes. However, eosinophils were not seen. Finally a refractive fragment resembling a hooklet and a fragmented scolex were identified that made a diagnosis of cysticercosis certain.
Birth Injury of the Cranium and Central Nervous System
Authors: Reichard Ross 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBirth injury of the scalp, skull and central nervous system (CNS) is a well‐recognized complication of a difficult delivery. The rate of birth trauma has dropped precipitously and now accounts for less than 2% of neonatal deaths. Despite this dramatic decrease in birth‐trauma mortality significant injuries still occur. A variety of risk factors clearly predispose certain infants to birth‐related injury. Recent neuroradiology studies indicate that intracranial hemorrhage, even in asymptomatic infants, is not rare. Pathologists’ (neuropathologists and forensic pathologists) appreciation of the spectrum of birth injuries and their sequelae is critical in order to be able to distinguish these from inflicted injuries and post‐mortem changes.
Urethral and bladder rupture in a neonatal colt with uroperitoneum
Authors: Castagnetti C. , Mariella J. , Pirrone A. , Romagnoli N. , Pasquali F. , Parmeggiani F. , Spadari A. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThis case report documents uroperitoneum due to bladder and pelvic urethral rupture in a 9 h old Standardbred colt born after severe dystocia. Three surgical procedures were required to manage rupture of the urinary bladder, urethral rupture, and ventral abdominal hernia with evisceration of a loop of jejunum. After 40 days of hospitalisation the colt was discharged without any further complication.
Expression, Purification, and Characterization of
Aspergillus fumigatus
Sterol 14-α Demethylase (CYP51) Isoenzymes A and B
Authors: Warrilow Andrew G. S. , Melo Nadja , Martel Claire M. , Parker Josie E. , Nes W. David , Kelly Steven L. , Kelly Diane E. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

Aspergillus fumigatus
sterol 14-α demethylase (CYP51) isoenzymes A (AF51A) and B (AF51B) were expressed in
Escherichia coli
and purified. The dithionite-reduced CO-P450 complex for AF51A was unstable, rapidly denaturing to inactive P420, in marked contrast to AF51B, where the CO-P450 complex was stable. Type I substrate binding spectra were obtained with purified AF51B using lanosterol (

K
s

, 8.6 μM) and eburicol (

K
s

, 22.6 μM). Membrane suspensions of AF51A bound to both lanosterol (

K
s

, 3.1 μM) and eburicol (

K
s

, 4.1 μM). The binding of azoles, with the exception of fluconazole, to AF51B was tight, with the

K
d

(dissociation constant) values for clotrimazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole being 0.21, 0.06, 0.12, and 0.42 μM, respectively, in comparison with a

K
d

value of 4 μM for fluconazole. Characteristic type II azole binding spectra were obtained with AF51B, whereas an additional trough and a blue-shifted spectral peak were present in AF51A binding spectra for all azoles except clotrimazole. This suggests two distinct azole binding conformations within the heme prosthetic group of AF51A. All five azoles bound relatively weakly to AF51A, with

K
d

values ranging from 1 μM for itraconazole to 11.9 μM for fluconazole. The azole binding properties of purified AF51A and AF51B suggest an explanation for the intrinsic azole (fluconazole) resistance observed in
Aspergillus fumigatus
.
In Vivo
Efficacy of Anidulafungin against Mature
Candida albicans
Biofilms in a Novel Rat Model of Catheter-Associated Candidiasis
Authors: Kucharíková Soňa , Tournu Hélène , Holtappels Michelle , Van Dijck Patrick , Lagrou Katrien 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

The present study demonstrates the efficacy of anidulafungin on mature
Candida albicans
biofilms
in vivo
. One hundred fifty-seven catheter fragments challenged with
C. albicans
were implanted subcutaneously in rats. After formation of biofilms, rats were treated with daily intraperitoneal injections of anidulafungin for 7 days. Catheters retrieved from treated animals showed reduced cell numbers compared to those retrieved from untreated and fluconazole-treated animals. Systemic administration of anidulafungin is promising for the treatment of mature
C. albicans
biofilms.
Furanyl-Rhodanines Are Unattractive Drug Candidates for Development as Inhibitors of Bacterial RNA Polymerase
Authors: Mariner Katherine R. , Trowbridge Rachel , Agarwal Anil K. , Miller Keith , O'Neill Alex J. , Fishwick Colin W. G. , Chopra Ian 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT
Previous studies suggest that furanyl-rhodanines might specifically inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP). We further explored three compounds from this class. Although they inhibited RNAP, each compound also inhibited malate dehydrogenase and chymotrypsin. Using biosensors responsive to inhibition of macromolecular synthesis and membrane damaging assays, we concluded that in bacteria, one compound inhibited DNA synthesis and another caused membrane damage. The third rhodanine lacked antibacterial activity. We consider furanyl-rhodanines to be unattractive RNAP inhibitor drug candidates.
The Type 2 Secretion Pseudopilin,
gspJ
, Is Required for Multihost Pathogenicity of
Burkholderia cenocepacia
AU1054
Authors: Somvanshi Vishal S. , Viswanathan Poorna , Jacobs Janette L. , Mulks Martha H. , Sundin George W. , Ciche Todd A. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

Burkholderia cenocepacia
AU1054 is an opportunistic pathogen isolated from the blood of a person with cystic fibrosis. AU1054 is a multihost pathogen causing rapid pathogenicity to
Caenorhabditis elegans
nematodes. Within 24 h, AU1054 causes greater than 50% mortality, reduced growth, emaciated body, distended intestinal lumen, rectal swelling, and prolific infection of the nematode intestine. To determine virulence mechanisms, 3,000 transposon mutants were screened for attenuated virulence in nematodes. Fourteen virulence-attenuated mutants were isolated, and the mutant genes were identified. These genes included
paaA
, previously identified as being required for full virulence of
B. cenocepacia
K56-2. Six mutants were restored in virulence by complementation with their respective wild-type gene. One of these contained an insertion in
gspJ
, predicted to encode a pseudopilin component of the type 2 secretion system (T2SS). Nematodes infected with AU1054
gspJ
had fewer bacteria present in the intestine than those infected with the wild type but still showed rectal swelling. The
gspJ
mutant was also defective in pathogenicity to onion and in degradation of polygalacturonic acid and casein. This result differs from previous studies where no or little role was found for T2SS in
Burkholderia
virulence, although virulence factors such as zinc metalloproteases and polygalacturonase are known to be secreted by the T2SS. This study highlights strain specific differences in
B. cenocepacia
virulence mechanisms important for understanding what enables environmental microbes to function as opportunistic pathogens.
Ethical lessons from the ‘undercover nurse’: implications for practice and leadership
Authors: Grant Paul 
Published: July 2010

BackgroundThe case of Margaret Haywood, the ‘undercover nurse’, is a significant one for the UK's National Health Service (NHS). She investigated complaints made about the Royal Sussex County Hospital and covertly filmed inpatients experiencing care detrimental to their health. The material was subsequently broadcast on the BBC'sPanoramaprogramme. It caused a scandal and brought about changes at the hospital, as well a demand for greater clinical leadership. Margaret Haywood was, however, struck off the nursing register for breaching confidentiality and because of the methods she used to blow the whistle.MethodsThe authors apply the ethical lenses ofpurpose, principle, peopleandpowerto explore this case.ResultsThis is a morally ambiguous situation in which both the protagonist and the organisation compromised their core values. The undercover nurse used individuals as a means to a ‘higher’ end, and the Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust are seen to have deviated from the ethical to the business map, in a contradiction of what the health service represents.ConclusionsThese deficits can be repaired by reinforcement of the ethics of duty and ideals on a practical level and the involvement of clinicians to lead at a management level, to act as a moral compass.
A Combination of DR5 Agonistic Monoclonal Antibody with Gemcitabine Targets Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cells and Results in Long-term Disease Control in Human Pancreatic Cancer Model
Authors: Rajeshkumar N.V. , Rasheed Zeshaan A. , García-García Elena , López-Ríos Fernando , Fujiwara Kosaku , Matsui William H. , Hidalgo Manuel 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is an aggressive malignancy with one of the worst outcomes among all cancers. PDA often recurs after initial treatment to result in patient death despite the use of chemotherapy or radiation therapy. PDA contains a subset of tumor-initiating cells capable of extensive self-renewal known as cancer stem cells (CSC), which may contribute to therapeutic resistance and metastasis. At present, conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy are largely ineffective in depleting CSC pool, suggesting the need for novel therapies that specifically target the cancer-sustaining stem cells for tumor eradication and to improve the poor prognosis of PDA patients. In this study, we report that death receptor 5 (DR5) is enriched in pancreatic CSCs compared with the bulk of the tumor cells. Treating a collection of freshly generated patient-derived PDA xenografts with gemcitabine, the first-line chemotherapeutic agent for PDA, is initially effective in reducing tumor size, but largely ineffective in diminishing the CSC populations, and eventually culminated in tumor relapse. However, a combination of tigatuzumab, a fully humanized DR5 agonist monoclonal antibody, with gemcitabine proved to be more efficacious by providing a double hit to kill both CSCs and bulk tumor cells. The combination therapy produced remarkable reduction in pancreatic CSCs, tumor remissions, and significant improvements in time to tumor progression in a model that is considered more difficult to treat. These data provide the rationale to explore the DR5-directed therapies in combination with chemotherapy as a therapeutic option to improve the current standard of care for pancreatic cancer patients. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(9); 2582–92. ©2010 AACR.
Triethylenetetramine Pharmacology and Its Clinical Applications
Authors: Lu Jun 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTriethylenetetramine (TETA), a CuII-selective chelator, is commonly used for the treatment of Wilson's disease. Recently, it has been shown that TETA can be used in the treatment of cancer because it possesses telomerase inhibiting and anti-angiogenesis properties. Although TETA has been used in the treatment of Wilson's disease for decades, a comprehensive review on TETA pharmacology does not exist. TETA is poorly absorbed with a bioavailability of 8 to 30%. It is widely distributed in tissues with relatively high concentrations measured in liver, heart, and kidney. It is mainly metabolized via acetylation, and two major acetylated metabolites exist in human serum and urine. It is mainly excreted in urine as the unchanged parent drug and two acetylated metabolites. It has a relatively short half-life (2 to 4 hours) in humans. The most recent discoveries in TETA pharmacology show that the major pharmacokinetic parameters are not associated with the acetylation phenotype of N-acetyltransferase 2, the traditionally regarded drug acetylation enzyme, and the TETA-metabolizing enzyme is actually spermidine/spermine acetyltransferase. This review also covers the current preclinical and clinical application of TETA. A much needed overview and up-to-date information on TETA pharmacology is provided for clinicians or cancer researchers who intend to embark on cancer clinical trials using TETA or its close structural analogs. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(9); 2458–67. ©2010 AACR.