bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic contamination assessment integrating biomarkers' responses in transplanted mussels—A seasonal monitoring
Authors: Pereira C. D. S. , Martín‐Díaz M. L. , Catharino M. G. M. , Cesar A. , Choueri R. B. , Taniguchi S. , Abessa D. M. S. , Bícego M. C. , Vasconcellos M. B. A. , Bainy A. C. D. , Sousa E. C. P. M. , DelValls T. A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis study aimed to provide the first biomonitoring integrating biomarkers and bioaccumulation data in São Paulo coast, Brazil and, for this purpose, a battery of biomarkers of defense mechanisms was analyzed and linked to contaminants' body burden in a weigh‐of‐evidence approach. The brown musselPerna pernawas selected to be transplanted from a farming area (Caraguatatuba) to four possibly polluted sites: Engenho D'Água, DTCS (Dutos e Terminais do Centro‐Oeste de São Paulo) oil terminal (Sao Sebastiao zone), Palmas Island, and Itaipu (It; Santos Bay zone). After 3 months of exposure in each season, mussels were recollected and the cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A)‐ and CYP3A‐like activities, glutathione‐S‐transferase and antioxidants enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) were analyzed in gills. The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, linear alkylbenzenes, and nonessential metals (Cr, Cd, Pb, and Hg) in whole tissue were also analyzed and data were linked to biomarkers' responses by multivariate analysis (principal component analysis—factor analysis). A representation of estimated factor scores was performed to confirm the factor descriptions and to characterize the studied stations. Biomarkers exhibited most significant alterations all year long in mussels transplanted to It, located at Santos Bay zone, where bioaccumulation of organic and inorganic compounds was detected. This integrated approach using transplanted mussels showed satisfactory results, pointing out differences between sites, seasons, and critical areas, which could be related to land‐based contaminants' sources. The influence of natural factors and other contaminants (e.g., pharmaceuticals) on biomarkers' responses are also discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2012.
Lack of effects of tomato products on endothelial function in human subjects: results of a randomised, placebo-controlled cross-over study
Authors: Stangl Verena , Kuhn Claudia , Hentschel Sonja , Jochmann Nicoline , Jacob Christine , Böhm Volker , Fröhlich Kati , Müller Lars , Gericke Christine , Lorenz Mario 
Published: August 2010

Epidemiological studies suggest that consumption of tomato products reduces the risk of CVD via antioxidant, hypocholesterolaemic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Although experimental data also describe beneficial effects on endothelial function, clinical data in human subjects are lacking. To test the hypothesis that tomato ingestion ameliorates endothelial function, we randomised healthy non-smoking postmenopausal women to consume a buttered roll with and without tomato purée (70 g) in a cross-over design. Endothelial-dependent flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and endothelial-independent nitro-mediated dilation of the brachial artery were assessed with high-resolution ultrasound (13 MHz linear array transducer). Acute (24 h) and long-term (7 d) effects were examined after daily consumption of the described meal. Nineteen volunteers completed the protocol and provided technically suitable ultrasound measurement data. Plasma lycopene levels increased from 0·30 (sem0·04) (baseline) to 0·42 (sem0·04) and to 0·74 (sem0·06) μmafter 24 h and 7 d, respectively, with tomato purée consumption. These data indicated an effective absorption of the tomato product. However, both acute and long-term tomato purée consumption had no effects on endothelium-dependent or -independent dilation of the brachial artery. In addition, we found no correlation between lycopene plasma levels and FMD. In conclusion, consumption of tomato products associated with a significant increase in plasma lycopene levels had no effects on endothelial function in healthy postmenopausal women.
Discursive Meaning of Hope for Older Persons with Advanced Cancer and their Caregivers
Authors: Duggleby Wendy , Holtslander Lorraine , Steeves Megan , Duggleby-Wenzel Shanda , Cunningham Shannon 
Published: August 2010

RÉSUMÉCette étude a utilisé l’approche du discours critique de van Dijik afin d’explorer le discours sociétaux actuel sur l’espoir, et d’explorer l’espoir des patients agées avec cancer terminale, leurs soignants et leurs infirmières primaires. Quarante-trois articles de presse traitant de l’espoir et de cancer ont été recueillies et analysées pour explorer comment l’espoir est socialement construite par les médias de presse. Des entrevues individuelles de face à face, qualitatives et ouvertes ont été menées avec trois triades, constitués d’un patient de cancer palliatif âgé, un conjoint, et une infirmière primaire. Le discours prédominant de l’espoir et de cancer dans les articles de presse a été considérée comme discriminatoire à raison de l’âge; il a transmit le message que le seul espoir légitime qui existe pour les personnes atteintes d’un cancer est d’espérer un remède. Ce message a causé de la confusion et de la détresse pour les patients, leurs conjoints, et leur infirmières primaires, étant donné que leurs propre discours d’espoir ont été axés sur le confort, la paix et le maintien des relations à la fin de vie.
An Operating Method with Lateral Scan for Reducing the Error in Topography Caused by the Tip-Sample Angle in Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Zhou Fa-Quan , Zhao Xue-Zeng , Wang Fei , Wang Yue-Yu 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe atomic force microscopes (AFM) images are obtained by keeping the bending of the cantilever unchanged in contact mode. However, it is found that changes in the tip-sample angle during parallel scan result in error in the topographic image. It is also discovered that measurement results obtained in the blind scan region contained large errors. In contrast, regions opposite the blind scan region gave more reliable result. To eliminate this topographic error caused by change in the tip-sample angle, a new operating method with lateral scan is utilized in AFM. Comparative experiments have been performed, and the results show that the error could be eliminated or decreased by using the operating method.
‘Currency manipulation’ and world trade
Authors: STAIGER ROBERT W. , SYKES ALAN O. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractCentral bank intervention in foreign exchange markets may, under some conditions, stimulate exports and retard imports. In the past few years, this issue has moved to center stage because of the foreign exchange policies of China. Numerous public officials and commentators argue that China has engaged in impermissible ‘currency manipulation’, and various proposals for stiff action against China have been advanced. This paper considers the relationship between exchange rate policy and international trade, and addresses the questions of whether and how currency manipulation should be addressed by the international trading system. Our conclusions are at odds with much of what is currently being said by proponents of multilateral or unilateral actions against China. In particular, we question whether China's practices can be adjudicated to be ‘manipulation’ under international law, and doubt that their trade effects can be identified with the degree of confidence necessary to ascertain whether the practices ‘frustrate the intent’ of WTO/GATT commitments. The difficulty of identifying the trade effects of currency practices undermines the ability of the WTO dispute resolution system to address them, and calls into question the wisdom and legitimacy of unilateral countermeasures that have been proposed in various quarters.
Pioneers in Optics: Étienne-Jules Marey and Ignazio Porro
Authors: Davidson Michael W. 
Published: August 2010

Étienne-Jules Marey was born in Beaune, France, on March 5, 1830, to a wine merchant and a teacher. To satisfy his father's wishes, he decided to study medicine, attending the Faculty of Medicine in Paris. Marey's fascination with both animals and mechanics inspired him to concentrate on physiology, and it was during his investigations of this field that he became involved in optics.Ignazio Porro's primary contribution to optics was an innovative prism image erecting system that is commonly used in binoculars and stereomicroscopes, though he also invented and improved a number of other scientific instruments. Today Porro is often considered to have been ahead of his time in many ways. The Italian engineer received little acclaim or monetary compensation for his innovative devices, which only came to be fully appreciated and widely utilized after his death. In fact, when Ernst Abbe attempted to patent binoculars containing his own prism erecting system in 1893, the physicist was very surprised to find that someone else had invented and patented the design decades earlier. Despite his own intense work in the field of optics, Abbe had never heard of the inventor, a telling indication of Porro's difficulties.
Four-electron oxidation of
p
-hydroxylaminobenzoate to
p
-nitrobenzoate by a peroxodiferric complex in AurF from
Streptomyces thioluteus
Authors: Li Ning , Korboukh Victoria Korneeva , Krebs Carsten , Bollinger J. Martin 
Published: August 2010

The nonheme di-iron oxygenase, AurF, converts
p
-aminobenzoate (Ar-NH
2
, where Ar = 4-carboxyphenyl) to
p
-nitrobenzoate (Ar-NO
2
) in the biosynthesis of the antibiotic, aureothin, by
Streptomyces thioluteus
. It has been reported that this net six-electron oxidation proceeds in three consecutive, two-electron steps, through
p
-hydroxylaminobenzoate (Ar-NHOH) and
p
-nitrosobenzoate (Ar-NO) intermediates, with each step requiring one equivalent of O
2
and two exogenous reducing equivalents. We recently demonstrated that a peroxodiiron(III/III) complex (peroxo-

-AurF) formed by addition of O
2
to the diiron(II/II) enzyme (

-AurF) effects the initial oxidation of Ar-NH
2
, generating a μ-(oxo)diiron(III/III) form of the enzyme (
μ
-oxo-

-AurF) and (presumably) Ar-NHOH. Here we show that peroxo-

-AurF also oxidizes Ar-NHOH. Unexpectedly, this reaction proceeds through to the Ar-NO
2
final product, a four-electron oxidation, and produces

-AurF, with which O
2
can combine to regenerate peroxo-

-AurF. Thus, conversion of Ar-NHOH to Ar-NO
2
requires only a single equivalent of O
2
and (starting from

-AurF or peroxo-

-AurF) is fully catalytic in the absence of exogenous reducing equivalents, by contrast to the published stoichiometry. This novel type of four-electron
N
-oxidation is likely also to occur in the reaction sequences of nitro-installing di-iron amine oxygenases in the biosyntheses of other natural products.
Efficacy of geoengineering to limit 21st century sea-level rise
Authors: Moore J. C. , Jevrejeva S. , Grinsted A. 
Published: August 2010

Geoengineering has been proposed as a feasible way of mitigating anthropogenic climate change, especially increasing global temperatures in the 21st century. The two main geoengineering options are limiting incoming solar radiation, or modifying the carbon cycle. Here we examine the impact of five geoengineering approaches on sea level; SO
2
aerosol injection into the stratosphere, mirrors in space, afforestation, biochar, and bioenergy with carbon sequestration. Sea level responds mainly at centennial time scales to temperature change, and has been largely driven by anthropogenic forcing since 1850. Making use a model of sea-level rise as a function of time-varying climate forcing factors (solar radiation, volcanism, and greenhouse gas emissions) we find that sea-level rise by 2100 will likely be 30 cm higher than 2000 levels despite all but the most aggressive geoengineering under all except the most stringent greenhouse gas emissions scenarios. The least risky and most desirable way of limiting sea-level rise is bioenergy with carbon sequestration. However aerosol injection or a space mirror system reducing insolation at an accelerating rate of 1 W m
-2
per decade from now to 2100 could limit or reduce sea levels. Aerosol injection delivering a constant 4 W m
-2
reduction in radiative forcing (similar to a 1991 Pinatubo eruption every 18 months) could delay sea-level rise by 40–80 years. Aerosol injection appears to fail cost-benefit analysis unless it can be maintained continuously, and damage caused by the climate response to the aerosols is less than about 0.6% Global World Product.
ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter G26 Is Required for Male Fertility and Pollen Exine Formation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Quilichini Teagen D. , Friedmann Michael C. , Samuels A. Lacey , Douglas Carl J. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The highly resistant biopolymer, sporopollenin, gives the outer wall (exine) of spores and pollen grains their unparalleled strength, shielding these structures from terrestrial stresses. Despite a limited understanding of the composition of sporopollenin, it appears that the synthesis of sporopollenin occurs in the tapetum and requires the transport of one or more sporopollenin constituents to the surface of developing microspores. Here, we describe ABCG26, a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily, which is required for pollen exine formation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). abcg26 mutants are severely reduced in fertility, with most siliques failing to produce seeds by self-fertilization and mature anthers failing to release pollen. Transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed an absence of an exine wall on abcg26-1 mutant microspores. Phenotypic abnormalities in pollen wall formation were first apparent in early uninucleate microspores as a lack of exine formation and sporopollenin deposition. Additionally, the highest levels of ABCG26 mRNA were in the tapetum, during early pollen wall formation, sporopollenin biosynthesis, and sporopollenin deposition. Accumulations resembling the trilamellar lipidic coils in the abcg11 and abcg12 mutants defective in cuticular wax export were observed in the anther locules of abcg26 mutants. A yellow fluorescent protein-ABCG26 protein was localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane. Our results show that ABCG26 plays a critical role in exine formation and pollen development and are consistent with a model by which ABCG26 transports sporopollenin precursors across the tapetum plasma membrane into the locule for polymerization on developing microspore walls.
Ordinary image retrieval in a multilingual context
Authors: Ménard Elaine 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThis paper seeks to examine image retrieval within two different contexts: a monolingual context where the language of the query is the same as the indexing language and a multilingual context where the language of the query is different from the indexing language. The study also aims to compare two different approaches for the indexing of ordinary images representing common objects: traditional image indexing with the use of a controlled vocabulary and free image indexing using uncontrolled vocabulary.Design/methodology/approachThis research uses three data collection methods. An analysis of the indexing terms was employed in order to examine the multiplicity of term types assigned to images. A simulation of the retrieval process involving a set of 30 images was performed with 60 participants. The quantification of the retrieval performance of each indexing approach was based on the usability measures, that is, effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction of the user. Finally, a questionnaire was used to gather information on searcher satisfaction during and after the retrieval process.FindingsThe results of this research are twofold. The analysis of indexing terms associated with all the 3,950 images provides a comprehensive description of the characteristics of the four non‐combined indexing forms used for the study. Also, the retrieval simulation results offers information about the relative performance of the six indexing forms (combined and non‐combined) in terms of their effectiveness, efficiency (temporal and human) and the image searcher's satisfaction.Originality/valueThe findings of the study suggest that, in the near future, the information systems could benefit from allowing an increased coexistence of controlled vocabularies and uncontrolled vocabularies, resulting from collaborative image tagging, for example, and giving the users the possibility to dynamically participate in the image‐indexing process, in a more user‐centred way.
Excavating grey literature
Authors: Vlachidis Andreas , Binding Ceri , Tudhope Douglas , May Keith 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThis paper sets out to discuss the use of information extraction (IE), a natural language‐processing (NLP) technique to assist “rich” semantic indexing of diverse archaeological text resources. The focus of the research is to direct a semantic‐aware “rich” indexing of diverse natural language resources with properties capable of satisfying information retrieval from online publications and datasets associated with the Semantic Technologies for Archaeological Resources (STAR) project.Design/methodology/approachThe paper proposes use of the English Heritage extension (CRM‐EH) of the standard core ontology in cultural heritage, CIDOC CRM, and exploitation of domain thesauri resources for driving and enhancing an Ontology‐Oriented Information Extraction process. The process of semantic indexing is based on a rule‐based Information Extraction technique, which is facilitated by the General Architecture of Text Engineering (GATE) toolkit and expressed by Java Annotation Pattern Engine (JAPE) rules.FindingsInitial results suggest that the combination of information extraction with knowledge resources and standard conceptual models is capable of supporting semantic‐aware term indexing. Additional efforts are required for further exploitation of the technique and adoption of formal evaluation methods for assessing the performance of the method in measurable terms.Originality/valueThe value of the paper lies in the semantic indexing of 535 unpublished online documents often referred to as “Grey Literature”, from the Archaeological Data Service OASIS corpus (Online AccesS to the Index of archaeological investigationS), with respect to the CRM ontological concepts E49.Time Appellation and P19.Physical Object.
Organising music for movies
Authors: Inskip Charles , MacFarlane Andy , Rafferty Pauline 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine and discuss the classification of commercial popular music when large digital collections are organised for use in films.Design/methodology/approachA range of systems are investigated and their organization is discussed, focusing on an analysis of the metadata used by the systems and choices given to the end‐user to construct a query. The indexing of the music is compared with a check‐list of music facets which has been derived from recent musicological literature on semiotic analysis of popular music. These facets include aspects of communication, cultural and musical expression, codes and competences.FindingsIn addition to bibliographic detail, descriptive metadata are used to organise music in these systems. Genre, subject and mood are used widely; some musical facets also appear. The extent to which attempts are being made to reflect these facets in the organization of these systems is discussed. A number of recommendations are made which may help to improve this process.Originality/valueThe paper discusses an area of creative music search which has not previously been investigated in any depth and makes recommendations based on findings and the literature which may be used in the development of commercial systems as well as making a contribution to the literature.
Research on difficult‐cut‐material in cutting with application of water vapor as coolant and lubricant
Authors: Junyan Liu , Rongdi Han , Yang Wang 
Published: August 2010

PurposeGreen machining is becoming increasingly more popular due to concern regarding the safety of the environment and human health. The important implementation of stricter Environmental Protection Agency regulations associated with the use of ample amount of coolants and lubricants has led to this study on a new green machining technology with application of water vapor as coolants and lubricants in cutting Ni‐based superalloys and titanium alloy Ti‐6Al‐4V with uncoated carbide inserts (ISO Type K10). The purpose of this paper is to show that machining technology with application of water vapour could be an economical and environmentally compatible lubrication technique for machining difficult‐cut‐materials.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the effect of water vapor applications in machining difficult‐cut‐materials have been investigated in detail, the cutting force, the chip deformation coefficient, the rake face wear and the width of tool flank land VB have been examined and analyzed, and a new green cutting technology is researched to machining Ni base superalloys and Ti‐6Al‐4V difficult‐cut‐materials.FindingsThe cutting force of machining Ni base superalloys and Ti‐6Al‐4V was affected by direct water vapor application, being lower than dry cutting and wet machining for all machining conditions; the Λh is the smallest with applications of water vapor as coolants and lubricants compared to dry cutting, pure water and oil water emulsion conditions the tool life extended by about six times than dry cutting, about four times than oil water emulsions at low cutting speed (νc<100 m/min), and about two‐four times than dry cutting, about two‐three time than oil water emulsions at higher cutting speed (νc>100 m/min) during machining Ti‐6Al‐4V with application of water vapor direct into the cutting zone.Originality/valueThe green cutting technology which applies water vapor as coolants and lubricants advocates a new method for machining difficult‐cut‐materials (Ni base superalloys and Ti‐6Al‐4V) without any environment pollution and operator health problem because the cutting force and chip deformation coefficient are reduced, the tool life is extended, and the tool flank wear can be decreased with applications of water vapor as coolants and lubricants to alleviate the adhering and diffusion wear compared to wet cutting and dry cutting.
Antiwear additives as retarding agents of elements with ceramic coatings wear
Authors: Ozimina Dariusz , Madej Monika , Styp‐Rekowski Michał 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine the appropriate conditions for the chemical deposition of Ni‐P‐Al2O3 composite coatings, deposited on metalic matrix.Design/methodology/approachAuto catalytic reduction of Ni in nickel sulfate and sodium hypophosphate bath, including 10 percent volume fractions of nanodispersive Al2O3 particles is treated in the alloy steel 100Cr6. The wear resistance and friction coefficient of the coatings are determined using tester T‐01M, a ball‐disc tester for mitigated solid friction conditions, in model lubricants: oil bases, oil bases with antiwear additives AW.FindingsThe analysis of the properties of the Ni‐P‐Al2O3 deposits confirms that the presence of the dispersion phase of aluminium oxide determines the coating wearability.Practical implicationsThe paper presents some indications of proper selection of antiwear coating generation methods (their parameters and conditions).Originality/valueInvestigations show that tribocatalytic effect of nickel coatings influence the intensity of antiwear layers generation in zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (ZDDP) tribochemical interaction in model lubricants and that tribochemical, adsorption, and reaction‐diffusion effect of ZDDP, decided on great effectiveness of generated antiwear surface layers, which was confirmed by the results of tribological investigation.