bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Timing of Postpartum Glucose Testing and Sustained Glucose Dysregulation After Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Lawrence Jean M. , Black Mary Helen , Hsu Jin-Wen , Chen Wansu , Sacks David A. 
Published: December 2009

OBJECTIVE
To estimate the prevalence of postpartum glucose testing within 6 months of pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), assess factors associated with testing and timing of testing after delivery, and report the test results among tested women.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a retrospective study of 11,825 women who were identified as having GDM using the 100-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) from 1999 to 2006. Postpartum testing (75-g 2-h OGTT or fasting plasma glucose [FPG]) within 6 months of delivery and test results from laboratory databases are reported. Postpartum test results are categorized as normal, impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and provisionally diabetic.

RESULTS
About half (n = 5,939) the women were tested with either a FPG or 75-g OGTT from 7 days to 6 months postpartum. Of these women, 46% were tested during the 6- to 12-week postpartum period. Odds of testing were independently associated with age, race/ethnicity, household income, education, foreign-born status, parity, mode of delivery, having a postpartum visit, having GDM coded at discharge, and pharmacotherapy for GDM. Of the 5,857 women with test results, 16.3% (n = 956) had IFG/IGT and 1.1% (n = 66) had provisional diabetes. After adjustment for demographic and clinical factors, abnormal postpartum test results was associated with having required insulin, glyburide, or metformin during pregnancy and with longer period from delivery to postpartum testing.

CONCLUSIONS
After a pregnancy complicated by GDM, automated orders for postpartum testing with notification to physicians and electronically generated telephone and e-mail reminder messages to patients may improve the rates of postpartum testing for persistence of glucose intolerance.
Duodenal and jejunal varices due to superior mesenteric vein thrombosis presenting as a massive gastrointestinal tract bleeding: a case report
Authors: Ozcinar Beyza , Dolay Kemal , Yanar Hakan , Taviloglu Korhan , Ertekin Cemalettin , Ucar Adem , Guloglu Recep , Plevin Rebecca , Kurtoglu Mehmet 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Duodenal and jejunal varices usually occur due to portal hypertension and are rare causes of gastrointestinal tract bleeding. We report the case of a patient with no clinically significant history of a coagulopathy disorder, cirrhosis, or portal hypertension who presented with duodenal and jejunal varices that resulted in lower gastrointestinal bleeding with superior mesenteric vein thrombosis. Mesenteric angiography revealed superior mesenteric vein thrombosis and varices at the fourth part of the duodenum and the proximal jejunum draining into the main portal vein, but no active bleeding source was recognized. The patient was hemodynamically unstable. Emergency laparotomy was performed and revealed duodenal and jejunal varices, with occlusion of the superior mesenteric vein. Partial resection of the duodenum and jejunum and end-to-end anastomosis were performed. After surgery, the patient was hemodynamically stable with no recurrence of bleeding.
The Queensland Mental Health Clinical Collaborative and the Management of Schizophrenia
Authors: Plever Sally , Emmerson Brett , Chapple Benjamin , Kennedy Craig , Groves Aaron 
Published: December 2009

Objective: This paper describes the development of a collaborative group of mental health clinicians who have come together to improve practice in adult acute mental health settings for the inpatient management of schizophrenia. Method: Sixteen acute adult mental health inpatient services across Queensland worked together to develop clinical indicators related to the inpatient treatment of schizophrenia. Data collection was conducted by using information available on existing databases and through statewide chart audits using scannable form technology. Through a secure intranet site, and statewide forums, clinicians were able to access information on clinical indicators enabling them to compare their site data to peer and state data. Results: Available data from 15 of the 16 sites provided information on clinical indicators including average length of stay, 28-day readmission rates, antipsychotic prescribing, medication dose and the use of multiple antipsychotic medications at discharge. Conclusions: The formation of the Mental Health Clinical Collaborative has brought together clinicians across the State to develop clinical indicators and openly discuss ideas to inform and improve clinical practice. This process has been effective in improving the quality of routinely collected information across the State and in engaging clinicians in using health information to drive clinical practice.
The Eating Disorders Outreach Service: Enabling Clinicians Statewide to Treat Eating Disorders
Authors: Painter Elaine , Ward Warren , Gibbon Peter , Emmerson Brett 
Published: December 2009

Objective: The aim of this paper is to describe the Eating Disorders Outreach Service (EDOS), which supports clinicians in the treatment and management of eating disorder patients across Queensland. EDOS's mandate is to facilitate intake to the specialist inpatient and outpatient services at the Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (RBWH) and to provide eating disorders education and consultation liaison to clinicians statewide. Method: EDOS provides services in four key areas: intake facilitation, service development, education and training, and consultation liaison. Each area is described in detail. Results: EDOS has grown since its inception to currently comprise a full-time team manager and a number of specialist clinician positions in psychiatry, nursing, dietetics, social work and psychology. The Service has become an integral part of the RBWH Adult Eating Disorders Service, providing statewide assessment and treatment recommendations, consultation liaison services and specialist intervention programs. Conclusions: EDOS has been successful in facilitating patient access to local general medical and psychiatric facilities. EDOS also plays a significant leadership role in the development of effective statewide networking forums for clinicians and key stakeholders, in inservice delivery and in the provision of evidence-based educational opportunities, each of which has contributed to improved access to services for eating disorder patients.
The Combined Tool Approach for Face Mask Removal During On-field Conditions
Authors: Gale Stephanie D. , Decoster Laura C. , Swartz Erik E. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract

Context:
An effective approach to emergency removal of the face mask (FM) from a football helmet should include successful removal of the FM and limitation of both the time required and the movement created during the process. Current recommendations and practice are to use a cutting tool to remove the FM. Researchers recently have suggested an alternate approach that combines the use of a cordless screwdriver and a cutting tool. This combined tool approach has not been studied, and FM removal has not been studied in a practical setting.

Objective:
To investigate the effectiveness and speed of using a combined tool approach to remove the FMs from football helmets during on-field conditions throughout the course of a football season.

Design:
Randomized multigroup design.

Setting:
Practice field of 1 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II football college.

Patients or Other Participants:
Eighty-four members of 1 football team.

Intervention(s):
We used a battery-operated screwdriver for FM removal and resorted to using a cutting tool as needed.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
We tracked FM removal success and failure and trial time and compared results based on helmet characteristics, weather variables, and the seasonal timing of the removal trial.

Results:
Of the 84 players, 76 were available for data-collection trials. Overall, 98.6% (75/76) of FM removal trials were successful and resulted in a mean removal time of 40.09 ± 15.1 seconds. We found no differences in FM removal time throughout the course of the season. No differences in effectiveness or trial time were found among helmet characteristics, weather variables, or the timing of the trial.

Conclusions:
Combining the cordless screwdriver and cutting tool provided a fast and reliable means of on-field FM removal in this Division II setting. Despite the excellent overall result, 1 FM was not removed in a timely manner. Therefore, we recommend that athletic trainers practice helmet removal to be prepared should FM removal fail.
Eccentric Plantar-Flexor Torque Deficits in Participants With Functional Ankle Instability
Authors: Fox Jason , Docherty Carrie L. , Schrader John , Applegate Trent 
Published: December 2009

AbstractContext: Inversion ankle sprains can lead to a chronic condition called functional ankle instability (FAI). Limited research has been reported regarding isokinetic measures for the plantar flexors and dorsiflexors of the ankle.Objective: To examine the isokinetic eccentric torque measures of the ankle musculature in participants with stable ankles and participants with functionally unstable ankles during inversion, eversion, plantar flexion, and dorsiflexion.Design: Case-control study.Setting: Athletic training research laboratory.Patients or Other Participants: Twenty participants with a history of “giving way” were included in the FAI group. Inclusion criteria for the FAI group included a history of at least 1 ankle sprain and repeated episodes of giving way. Twenty participants with no prior history of ankle injury were included in the control group.Intervention(s): Isokinetic eccentric torque was assessed in each participant.Main Outcome Measure(s): Isokinetic eccentric testing was conducted for inversion-eversion and plantar-flexion–dorsiflexion movements. Peak torque values were standardized to each participant's body weight. The average of the 3 trials for each direction was used for statistical analysis.Results: A significant side-by-group interaction was noted for eccentric plantar flexion torque (P &lt; .01). Follow-up t tests revealed a significant difference between the FAI limb in the FAI group and the matched limb in the control group. Additionally, a significant difference was seen between the sides of the control group (P = .03). No significant interactions were identified for eccentric inversion, eversion, or dorsiflexion torques (P &gt; .05).Conclusions: A deficit in plantar flexion torque was identified in the functionally unstable ankles. No deficits were identified for inversion, eversion, or dorsiflexion torque. Therefore, eccentric plantar flexion strength may be an important contributing factor to functional ankle instability.
Thermoregulatory Influence of a Cooling Vest on Hyperthermic Athletes
Authors: Lopez Rebecca M. , Cleary Michelle A. , Jones Leon C. , Zuri Ron E. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract

Context:
Athletic trainers must have sound evidence for the best practices in treating and preventing heat-related emergencies and potentially catastrophic events.

Objective:
To examine the effectiveness of a superficial cooling vest on core body temperature (Tc) and skin temperature (Tsk) in hypohydrated hyperthermic male participants.

Design:
A randomized control design with 2 experimental groups.

Setting:
Participants exercised by completing the heat-stress trial in a hot, humid environment (ambient temperature  =  33.1 ± 3.1°C, relative humidity  =  55.1 ± 8.9%, wind speed  =  2.1 ± 1.1 km/hr) until a Tc of 38.7 ± 0.3°C and a body mass loss of 3.27 ± 0.1% were achieved.

Patients or Other Participants:
Ten healthy males (age  =  25.6 ± 1.6 years, mass  =  80.3 ± 13.7 kg).

Intervention(s):
Recovery in a thermoneutral environment wearing a cooling vest or without wearing a cooling vest until Tc returned to baseline.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Rectal Tc, arm Tsk, time to return to baseline Tc, and cooling rate.

Results:
During the heat-stress trial, Tc significantly increased (3.6%) and, at 30 minutes of recovery, Tc had decreased significantly (2.6%) for both groups. Although not significant, the time for return to baseline Tc was 22.6% faster for the vest group (43.8 ± 15.1 minutes) than for the no-vest group (56.6 ± 18.0 minutes), and the cooling rate for the vest group (0.0298 ± 0.0072°C/min) was not significantly different from the cooling rate for the no-vest group (0.0280 ± 0.0074°C/min). The Tsk during recovery was significantly higher (2.1%) in the vest group than in the no-vest group and was significantly lower (7.1%) at 30 minutes than at 0 minutes for both groups.

Conclusions:
We do not recommend using the cooling vest to rapidly reduce elevated Tc. Ice-water immersion should remain the standard of care for rapidly cooling severely hyperthermic individuals.
The 6-Plus–Person Lift Transfer Technique Compared With Other Methods of Spine Boarding
Authors: Del Rossi Gianluca , Horodyski Mary Beth H. , Conrad Bryan P. , Di Paola Christian P. , Di Paola Matthew J. , Rechtine Glenn R. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract

Context:
To achieve full spinal immobilization during on-the-field management of an actual or potential spinal injury, rescuers transfer and secure patients to a long spine board. Several techniques can be used to facilitate this patient transfer.

Objective:
To compare spinal segment motion of cadavers during the execution of the 6-plus–person (6+) lift, lift-and-slide (LS), and logroll (LR) spine-board transfer techniques.

Design:
Crossover study.

Setting:
Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:
Eight medical professionals (1 woman, 7 men) with 5 to 32 years of experience were enlisted to help carry out the transfer techniques. In addition, test conditions were performed on 5 fresh cadavers (3 males, 2 females) with a mean age of 86.2 ± 11.4 years.

Main Outcomes Measure(s):
Three-dimensional angular and linear motions initially were recorded during execution of transfer techniques, initially using cadavers with intact spines and then after C5-C6 spinal segment destabilization. The mean maximal linear displacement and angular motion obtained and calculated from the 3 trials for each test condition were included in the statistical analysis.

Results:
Flexion-extension angular motion, as well as anteroposterior and distraction-compression linear motion, did not vary between the LR and either the 6+ lift or LS. Compared with the execution of the 6+ lift and LS, the execution of the LR generated significantly more axial rotation (P  =  .008 and .001, respectively), more lateral flexion (P  =  .005 and .003, respectively), and more medial-lateral translation (P  =  .003 and .004, respectively).

Conclusions:
A small amount of spinal motion is inevitable when executing spine-board transfer techniques; however, the execution of the 6+ lift or LS appears to minimize the extent of motion generated across a globally unstable spinal segment.
Choosing a Career in Athletic Training: Exploring the Perceptions of Potential Recruits
Authors: Mensch James , Mitchell Murray 
Published: December 2009

AbstractContext: The success of any academic program, including athletic training, depends upon attracting and keeping quality students. Therefore, understanding potential recruits' perceptions of athletic training is important.Objective: To (1) gain insight regarding undergraduate students' decisions to enter or not enter an athletic training education program (ATEP), and (2) examine potential athletic training recruits' perceptions of the roles and responsibilities of certified athletic trainers.Design: We used a descriptive study employing a grounded theory approach to explore perceptions of the athletic training profession by college students with various levels of interest in athletic training.Setting: Athletic training education program from a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I research-intensive university.Patients or Other Participants: Forty-six undergraduate students (23 interested in applying to an ATEP and 23 who were aware of but not interested in applying to an ATEP).Main Outcome Measure(s): Data from in-depth, semi-structured interviews were transcribed and analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding procedures. Member checks and peer-debriefing techniques were used to ensure trustworthiness of the study.Results: Three contributing factors appeared to influence the recruitment of students to a career in athletic training: (1) a strong affiliation to a sports/team model, (2) initial exposure at the high school level, and (3) an incomplete understanding of athletic training.Conclusions: Awareness of how students are recruited into ATEPs is important information for our profession. Educators and administrators must create a comprehensive recruitment strategy using factors that influence potential recruits' decisions to enter the athletic training profession, specifically their association with sports and their experiences during high school.
Development of the Mental, Emotional, and Bodily Toughness Inventory in Collegiate Athletes and Nonathletes
Authors: Mack Mick G. , Ragan Brian G. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract

Context:
The assessment of an individual's mental toughness would assist clinicians in enhancing an individual's performance, improving compliance with the rehabilitation program, and improving the individual treatment program. However, no sound measure of mental toughness exists.

Objective:
To develop a new measure of mental toughness, the Mental, Emotional, and Bodily Toughness Inventory (MeBTough).

Design:
Participants were invited to complete a 45-item questionnaire.

Setting:
University research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:
A total of 261 undergraduate students were recruited to complete the questionnaire.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
The Rasch-calibrated item difficulties, fit statistics, and persons' mental toughness ability estimates were examined for model-data fit of the MeBTough.

Results:
Forty-three of the 45 items had good model-data fit with acceptable fit statistics. Results indicated that the distribution of items was fittingly targeted to the people and the collapsed rating scale functioned well. The item separation index (6.31) and separation reliability statistic (.98) provided evidence that the items had good variability with a high degree of confidence in replicating placement of the items from another sample.

Conclusions:
Results provided support for using the new measure of mental, emotional, and bodily toughness.
Muscle Activation During Side-Step Cutting Maneuvers in Male and Female Soccer Athletes
Authors: Hanson Ashley M. , Padua Darin A. , Troy Blackburn J. , Prentice William E. , Hirth Christopher J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractContext: Female soccer athletes are at greater risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury than males. Sex differences in muscle activation may contribute to the increased incidence of ACL injuries in female soccer athletes.Objective: To examine sex differences in lower extremity muscle activation between male and female soccer athletes at the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I level during 2 side-step cutting maneuvers.Design: Cross-sectional with 1 between-subjects factor (sex) and 2 within-subjects factors (cutting task and phase of contact).Setting: Sports medicine research laboratory.Patients or Other Participants: Twenty males (age = 19.4 ± 1.4 years, height = 176.5 ± 5.5 cm, mass = 74.6 ± 6.0 kg) and 20 females (age = 19.8 ± 1.1 years, height = 165.7 ± 4.3 cm, mass = 62.2 ± 7.2 kg).Intervention(s): In a single testing session, participants performed the running-approach side-step cut and the box-jump side-step cut tasks.Main Outcome Measure(s): Surface electromyographic activity of the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, medial hamstrings, lateral hamstrings, gluteus medius, and gluteus maximus was recorded for each subject. Separate mixed-model, repeated-measures analysis of variance tests were used to compare the dependent variables across sex during the preparatory and loading contact phases of each cutting task.Results: Females displayed greater vastus lateralis activity and quadriceps to hamstrings coactivation ratios during the preparatory and loading phases, as well as greater gluteus medius activation during the preparatory phase only. No significant differences were noted between the sexes for muscle activation in the other muscles analyzed during each task.Conclusions: The quadriceps-dominant muscle activation pattern observed in recreationally active females is also present in female soccer athletes at the Division I level when compared with similarly trained male soccer athletes. The relationship between increased quadriceps activation and greater incidence of noncontact ACL injury in female soccer athletes versus males requires further study.
Triple-Hop Distance as a Valid Predictor of Lower Limb Strength and Power
Authors: Hamilton R. Tyler , Shultz Sandra J. , Schmitz Randy J. , Perrin David H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractContext:Hop tests are functional tests that reportedly require strength, power, and postural stability to perform. The extent to which a triple-hop distance (THD) test measures each of these characteristics is relatively unknown.Objective:To determine the extent to which the THD predicts performance on clinical measures of power, strength, and balance in athletic individuals.Design:Within-subjects correlational study.Setting:Station-based, preseason screening of athletes.Patients or Other Participants:Forty National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I-AA men's and women's soccer student-athletes (20 women, 20 men; age  =  20.0 ± 1.4 years, height  =  172.8 ± 9.2 cm, mass  =  71.9 ± 8.9 kg).Intervention(s):As part of a comprehensive preseason screening of athletes, participants completed the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) test, 3 trials each of the THD and vertical jump, and 5 repetitions each of concentric isokinetic quadriceps and hamstrings strength testing at 60°/s and 180°/s. Bivariate correlations and linear regression analyses determined the extent to which THD (cm) predicted each of the strength, power, and balance measures.Main Outcome Measure(s):Maximal vertical jump height (cm), total BESS error scores, and quadriceps (Quad60, Quad180) and hamstrings (Ham60, Ham180) isokinetic maximum peak torque (Nm) at 60°/s and 180°/s, respectively.Results:Triple-hop distance was a strong predictor of vertical jump height, explaining 69.5% of the variance (P &lt; .01). THD also predicted 56.7% of the variance in Ham60 (P &lt; .01), 55.5% of the variance in Ham180 (P &lt; .01), 49.0% of the variance in Quad60 (P &lt; .01), and 58.8% of the variance in Quad180 (P &lt; .01). No relationships between THD and BESS scores were noted.Conclusions:Triple-hop distance is a useful clinical test to predict an athlete's lower extremity strength and power. Although THD was not a predictor of static balance, further research is needed to examine its relationship with more dynamic balance tests.