bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of laryngeal pathology in a treatment‐seeking population with dysphonia
Authors: Van Houtte Evelyne , Van Lierde Kristiane , D'Haeseleer Evelien , Claeys Sofie 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis.This article describes the prevalence of laryngeal pathology in a treatment‐seeking population with dysphonia in the Flemish part of Belgium.Study Design.Retrospective investigation.Methods.During a period of 5 years (2004–2008), data were collected from 882 patients who consulted with dysphonia at the ear, nose, and throat department of the University Hospital in Ghent (Belgium). Laryngeal pathology was diagnosed using videostroboscopy. Ages ranged from 4 years to 90 years.Results.Functional voice disorders were most frequently diagnosed (30%), followed by vocal fold nodule (15%), and pharyngolaryngeal reflux (9%). The role of age, gender, and occupation was investigated. Pathologies were significantly more common in females than in males, representing 63.8% and 36.2% of the population, respectively. Professional voice users accounted for 41% of the workforce population, with teachers as main subgroup. In professional voice users, functional dysphonia occurred in 41%, vocal fold nodules in 15%, and pharyngolaryngeal reflux in 11%. Our data were compared with data from other countries.Conclusions.Functional voice disorders were overall the most common cause of voice disorders (except in childhood), followed by vocal fold nodules and pharyngolaryngeal reflux. Professional voice users accounted for almost one half of the active population, with functional voice disorders as the main cause of dysphonia. Laryngoscope, 2010
Functional modulation of satellite cells in long‐term denervated human laryngeal muscle
Authors: Donghui Chen , Shicai Chen , Wei Wang , Fei Liu , Jianjun Jing , Gang Chen , Hongliang Zheng 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To evaluate the effects of long‐term denervation on satellite cells (SCs) as myogenic stem cells in human posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle.Study Design:Histological investigation of SCs and quantitative assessment of myoD and myogenin, which are two key myogenic regulatory factors.Methods:According to the course of denervation, denervated PCA muscles of 58 patients who suffered from traumatic unilateral vocal cord paralysis were divided into four groups: group A (6–12 months, 15 cases), group B (13–24 months, 17 cases), group C (25–36 months, 14 cases), and group D (more than 36 months, 12 cases). Normal PCA muscles (12 cases) were used as a control group. Immunofluorescence labeling was used to visualize the SCs. Transcription and protein expression levels of myoD and myogenin were assessed using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blots, respectively.Results:MyoD‐ and myogenin‐positive cells and embryonic myosin heavy chain‐positive myofibers were detected in group A and most of the samples of group B. Transcription levels of myoD and myogenin were highly upregulated in groups A and B, whereas groups C and D showed no significant difference as compared to control. Protein expression levels of myoD and myogenin peaked in group A, which was significantly different than group B. In contrast, no expression was observed in the other groups.Conclusions:Activated SCs contribute to regenerative myogenesis in denervated laryngeal muscles through compensatory mechanisms. Laryngeal muscles exhibit persistent regenerative potential from the viewpoint of muscle SCs after less than 2 years of denervation. Laryngoscope, 2010
Influence of mechanical properties, toughness, and barrier properties of PMMA‐EVA‐organoclay nanocomposites with and without in situ crosslinking
Authors: Wu Jyh‐Horng , Li Chia‐Hao , Leu Ming‐Tsong , Wu Yao‐Tsu 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPoly methyl methacrylate (PMMA)‐ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)‐organoclay nanocomposites were prepared with and without in situ crosslinking using tetrapropoxysilane (TPOS) as a crosslinking agent and dibutyl tin oxide (DBTO) as a catalyst. Brabender Plasticorder experimental results suggest that in situ crosslinking transforms the EVA from a liquid to a viscoelastic solid. Transmission electron micrographs analysis indicates that most of the organoclay was clustered in the crosslinked EVA phase. X‐ray diffraction and morphology indicate that the PMMA‐EVA‐organoclay nanocomposites were intercalated and incompatible. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results indicate some interaction between PMMA‐EVA‐clay nanocomposites. The in situ crosslinked of EVA and the addition of organoclay increased the modulus properties of PMMA. However, in situ crosslinking slightly reduced the barrier properties of PMMA‐EVA‐organoclay nanocomposites. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pueraria thunbergiana inhibits cisplatin‐induced damage of HEI‐OC1 auditory cells through scavenging free radicals
Authors: Yu Hyeon‐Hee , Jung Su‐Young , Shin Mee‐Kyung , Park Raekil , So Hong‐Seob , You Yong‐Ouk 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe radix of Pueraria thunbergiana (P. thunbergiana) is traditionally prescribed to attenuate the clinical manifestation of inner ear dysfunction and various clinical situations including fevers, gastrointestinal disorders, skin problems, migraine headaches, lowering cholesterol, and treating chronic alcoholism in oriental medicine. In the present study, we examined the protective effect of ethanol extract of the radix of P. thunbergiana (RPT) on cisplatin‐induced damage of HEI‐OC1 auditory hair cells. When the cells were cultured in the medium containing 5–100 μg/mL of RPT, RPT showed protective effect against the cisplatin‐induced HEI‐OC1 cell damage. We also measured the effects of RPT on lipid peroxidation of cisplatin‐treated cells as well as scavenging activities against superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, and DPPH radical. RPT reduced cisplatin‐induced lipid peroxidation in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, RPT showed strong scavenging activity against superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, and DPPH radical. These results indicate that RPT protects cisplatin‐induced HEI‐OC1 cell damage through inhibition of lipid peroxidation and scavenging activities of free radials. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of salvianolic acid B from radix salvia miltiorrhizae on the oral pharmacokinetics of metoprolol and metoprolol acid in rats
Authors: Wan Ren‐Zhong , Zhou Mao‐Jin , Liu Chang‐Xiao 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate the effects of salvianolic acid B (SalB) isolated fromRadix Salvia miltiorrhizaeon the oral pharmacokinetics of metoprolol (MET) and metoprolol acid (META) in rats. The pharmacokinetic parameters of MET and META were measured after oral (15 mg/kg) administration of MET in rats in the presence and absence of SalB. Compared to the control given MET alone, with the concurrent administration of SalB (50 mg/kg), theAUCandCmaxof MET increased by 51.7% and 27.7%, and theAUCandCmaxof META decreased by 26.5% and 19.6%, respectively. With the presence of SalB, the metabolic ratio was markedly decreased by 50.8%. However, no significant changes were observed in the pharmacokinetic parameters of SalB when it was combined with MET. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mutagenic and antimutagenic effects of hexane extract of some Astragalus species grown in the eastern Anatolia region of Turkey
Authors: Gulluce Medine , Agar Guleray , Baris Ozlem , Karadayi Mehmet , Orhan Furkan , Sahin Fikrettin 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMedical plants and their various extracts have been occasionally used in the treatment of many diseases. Astragalus is one of those medical plants and it has several biological activities. In the present study, the hexane extracts of six Astragalus species, which are grown in the eastern Anatolia region of Turkey, were isolated, and their mutagenic and antimutagenic properties were investigated by using Salmonella typhimurium TA1535, TA1537 and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA tester strains at 0.05, 0.5 and 5 μg/plate concentrations. Known mutagens sodium azide (NaN3), 9‐Aminoacridine (9‐AA) and N‐Methyl‐N′‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) were used to determine antimutagenic properties of hexane extracts.
The results showed that all hexane extracts, investigated in the present study, can be considered genotoxically safe because they do not have mutagenic activity at the tested concentrations. But, a great many of them have antimutagenic activity against 9‐Aminoacridine known as a model intercalator agent. The inhibition rates obtained from the antimutagenicity assays ranged from 27.51% (A. macrocephalus – 0.05 μg/plate) to 54.39% (A. galegiformis – 5 μg/plate). These activities are valuable toward an extension of the employ of these drugs as new phytotherapeutic or preservative ingredients. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamics of nonlinear error growth and season‐dependent predictability of El Niño events in the Zebiak–Cane model
Authors: Yu Yanshan , Duan Wansuo , Xu Hui , Mu Mu 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWith the intermediate‐complexity Zebiak–Cane model, we investigate the ‘spring predictability barrier’ (SPB) problem for El Niño events by tracing the evolution of conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP), where CNOP is superimposed on the El Niño events and acts as the initial error with the biggest negative effect on the El Niño prediction. We show that the evolution of CNOP‐type errors has obvious seasonal dependence and yields a significant SPB, with the most severe occurring in predictions made before the boreal spring in the growth phase of El Niño. The CNOP‐type errors can be classified into two types: one possessing a sea‐surface‐temperature anomaly pattern with negative anomalies in the equatorial central‐western Pacific, positive anomalies in the equatorial eastern Pacific, and a thermocline depth anomaly pattern with positive anomalies along the Equator, and another with patterns almost opposite to those of the former type. In predictions through the spring in the growth phase of El Niño, the initial error with the worst effect on the prediction tends to be the latter type of CNOP error, whereas in predictions through the spring in the decaying phase, the initial error with the biggest negative effect on the prediction is inclined to be the former type of CNOP error. Although the linear singular vector (LSV)‐type errors also have patterns similar to the CNOP‐type errors, they cover a more localized area than the CNOP‐type errors and cause a much smaller prediction error, yielding a less significant SPB. Random errors in the initial conditions are also superimposed on El Niño events to investigate the SPB. We find that, whenever the predictions start, the random errors neither exhibit an obvious season‐dependent evolution nor yield a large prediction error, and thus may not be responsible for the SPB phenomenon for El Niño events. These results suggest that the occurrence of the SPB is closely related to particular initial error patterns. The two kinds of CNOP‐type error are most likely to cause a significant SPB. They have opposite signs and, consequently, opposite growth behaviours, a result which may demonstrate two dynamical mechanisms of error growth related to SPB: in one case, the errors grow in a manner similar to El Niño; in the other, the errors develop with a tendency opposite to El Niño. The two types of CNOP error may be most likely to provide the information regarding the ‘sensitive area’ of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) predictions. If these types of initial error exist in realistic ENSO predictions and if a target method or a data assimilation approach can filter them, the ENSO forecast skill may be improved. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Evolution of transcriptional regulatory networks in yeast populations
Authors: Cavalieri Duccio 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSaccharomyces cerevisiae is the most thoroughly studied eukaryote at the cellular, molecular, and genetic level. Recent boost in whole‐genome sequencing, array‐based allelic variation mapping, and genome‐wide transcriptional profiling have unprecedentedly advanced knowledge on cell biology and evolution of this organism. It is now possible to investigate how evolution shapes the functional architecture of yeast genomes and how this architecture relates to the evolution of the regulatory networks controlling the expression of genes that make up an organism. A survey of the information on genetic and whole‐genome expression variations in yeast populations shows that a significant score of gene expression variation is dependent on genotype‐by‐environment interaction. In some cases, large trans effects are the result of mutations in the promoters of key master regulator genes. Yet trans‐variation in environmental sensor proteins appears to explain the majority of the expression patterns differentiating strains in natural populations. The challenge is now to use this information to model how individual genetic polymorphisms interact in a condition‐dependent fashion to produce phenotypic change. In this study, we show how fruitful application of systems biology to the progress of science and medicine requires the use of evolution as a lens to reconstruct the hierarchical structure of regulation of biological systems. The lessons learned in yeast can be of paramount importance in advancing the application of genomics and systems biology to emerging fields including personalized medicine. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Cellular Models
An Observational Trial for Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma in Japanese Patients
Authors: Ito Yasuhiro , Miyauchi Akira , Inoue Hiroyuki , Fukushima Mitsuhiro , Kihara Minoru , Higashiyama Takuya , Tomoda Chisato , Takamura Yuuki , Kobayashi Kaoru , Miya Akihiro 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe recent development and spread of ultrasonography and ultrasonography‐guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) has facilitated the detection of small papillary microcarcinomas of the thyroid measuring 1 cm or less (PMC). The marked difference in prevalence between clinical thyroid carcinoma and PMC detected on mass screening prompted us to observe PMC unless the lesion shows unfavorable features, such as location adjacent to the trachea or on the dorsal surface of the thyroid possibly invading the recurrent laryngeal nerve, clinically apparent nodal metastasis, or high‐grade malignancy on FNAB findings. In the present study we report comparison of the outcomes of 340 patients with PMC who underwent observation and the prognosis of 1,055 patients who underwent immediate surgery without observation.MethodsBetween 1993 and 2004, 340 patients underwent observation and 1,055 underwent surgical treatment without observation. These 1,395 patients were enrolled in the present study. Observation periods ranged from 18 to 187 months (average 74 months).ResultsThe proportions of patients whose PMC showed enlargement by 3 mm or more were 6.4 and 15.9% on 5‐year and 10‐year follow‐up, respectively. Novel nodal metastasis was detected in 1.4% at 5 years and 3.4% at 10 years. There were no factors related to patient background or clinical features linked to either tumor enlargement or the novel appearance of nodal metastasis. After observation 109 of the 340 patients underwent surgical treatment for various reasons, and none of those patients showed carcinoma recurrence. In patients who underwent immediate surgical treatment, clinically apparent lateral node metastasis (N1b) and male gender were recognized as independent prognostic factors of disease‐free survival.ConclusionsPapillary microcarcinomas that are not associated with unfavorable features can be candidates for observation regardless of patient background and clinical features. If there are subsequent signs of progression, such as tumor enlargement and novel nodal metastasis, it would not be too late to perform surgical treatment. Even though the primary tumor is small, careful surgical treatment including therapeutic modified neck dissection is necessary for N1b PMC patients.
Reduction of commercial aircraft noise emission around airports. A new environmental challenge
Authors: Khardi Salah 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Noise abatement procedures (NAPs) are considered as a necessary measure for a balanced approach of noise control around airports. Their correct implementation depends upon many factors, which vary in operation and influence the efficiency of the NAPs. Any system, which defines the correct features of the NAPs for particular aircraft in specific conditions, would be useful for noise control. Thus, implementation of noise level monitoring systems, currently used around airports, gives a noise map in residential areas but cannot identify source frequencies and their impact on the environment. Consequently, this paper has been produced particularly to characterize the frequential aspect of aircraft noise emission. Its main objective is the analysis of the dominant frequencies emitted during approaches to the Lyon Saint-Exupéry International Airport (France) having a negative impact on the population living around this airport. Thus, the results obtained make it possible to show, through an empirical model of aircraft noise, the effectiveness of this experimental work.
Change in Hemoglobin Levels due to Anesthesia in Mice: An Important Confounder in Studies on Hematopoietic Drugs
Authors: Gothelf Anita , Hojman Pernille , Gehl Julie 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Analgesic and anesthetic drugs may have an impact on the results achieved from animal experiments. In the study presented here, we try to enlighten whether anesthesia with fentanyl/fluniasone and midazolam (Hypnorm and Dormicum) has an influence on measurements of hemoglobin in mice. In a cross-over study, we have compared hemoglobin levels in two groups of mice: anesthetized versus non-anesthetized and found significant decrease in hemoglobin levels in the anesthetized group (p < 0.05) unrelated to which group received the anesthesia. The mean hemoglobin levels after intraperitoneal administration of Hypnorm and Dormicum was 8.7 mmol/L compared to mean hemoglobin 9.9 mmol/L before anesthesia (p < 0.001), and the decrease lasted for more than 30 min. These results show that anesthesia can be an important confounder in studies involving measurements of hemoglobin, and this should be taken into account when planning studies and analyzing data.
Is physical functioning influenced by activity‐related pain prediction and fear of movement in patients with subacute low back pain?
Authors: Huijnen Ivan P.J. , Verbunt Jeanine A. , Peters Madelon L. , Seelen Henk A.M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn patients with low back pain (LBP), physical functioning may be negatively influenced by both expectations on pain and pain‐related fear. It is unclear whether these factors influence both physical functioning in the laboratory as well as in daily life. The aim of this study was to test if a combination of persistent overprediction of pain and fear of movement predicts lab‐based performance and whether these factors are relevant for predicting daily‐life functioning.One hundred and twenty four patients with subacute LBP performed a laboratory‐based performance test twice. Maximum voluntary contraction, pre‐test pain expectations, perceived pain during testing and fear of movement were measured. Patients were classified as correct or incorrect predictors, based on differences between expected and perceived pain on the second attempt. Next, physical activity in daily life was measured with an accelerometer.In explaining physical functioning in the laboratory and in daily life an interaction effect between fear and pain prediction was observed. In overpredictors, fear was negatively associated with lab‐based performance (β = −0.48, p < 0.01), and positively associated with daily‐life functioning (β = 0.50, p < 0.05). No significant association between fear and performance or daily‐life functioning were found in correct predictors.In contrast to correct predictors, in overpredictors lab‐based performance and daily‐life functioning was additionally explained by fear of movement. Thus it appears that fear of movement is only predictive of performance in patients with LBP who simultaneously overpredict the consequences of movements in terms of painfulness.
Evaluation of Clostridium difficile in dogs and the household environment
Authors: WEESE J. S. , FINLEY R. , REID-SMITH R. R. , JANECKO N. , ROUSSEAU J. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARYClostridium difficile may be an emerging community-associated pathogen but little is known about its sources of exposure. This study evaluated C. difficile contamination in households and colonization of pets. C. difficile was isolated from 44/836 (5·3%) sites in 26/84 (31%) households. Ribotype 027 was the most common (25%) environmental strain. C. difficile was isolated from 14/139 (10%) dogs. Living with an immunocompromised individual was associated with C. difficile colonization in dogs. All toxigenic strains identified in pets have been isolated from humans in Ontario. C. difficile was isolated concurrently from dogs and the environment in four households, but in all cases canine and environmental ribotypes were different. C. difficile was relatively common in households, suggesting that exposure to this pathogen may be a regular event. There was no evidence that dogs are a significant source of household C. difficile contamination.
Credit where credit's due: plagiarism screening in scholarly publishing
Authors: MEDDINGS Kirsty 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTPlagiarism is not a new problem in academic publishing, but in the age of the Internet and digital publishing it would appear that it may be a growing one. Not only is there more literature available, but it has never been easier to search online databases, publisher websites, and institutional repositories. And as the content and its availability grows, so the ability of the reviewer to have read everything in their field diminishes, and detecting unoriginal content becomes harder. In response to this problem, CrossRef has launched CrossCheck (http://www.crossref.org/crosscheck.html), a plagiarism detection service for scholarly publishers.
CrossCheck: an effective tool for detecting plagiarism
Authors: ZHANG Helen (Yuehong) 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTThe plagiarism detection service CrossCheck has been used since October 2008 as part of the paper reviewing process for the Journal of Zhejiang University – Science (A & B). Between October 2008 and May 2009 662 papers were CrossChecked; 151 of these (around 22.8% of submitted papers) were found to contain apparently unreasonable levels of copying or self‐plagiarism, and 25.8% of these cases (39 papers) gave rise to serious suspicions of plagiarism and copyright infringement. Four types of copying or plagiarism were identified, in an attempt to reach a consensus on this type of academic misconduct.
The ‘peer reviewer as collaborator’ model for publishing
Authors: KUMAR Malhar N. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTManuscript peer review has been studied extensively and the drawbacks of the process in its current form are well known. Many alternatives to the traditional peer‐review process have been suggested; most of these focus on increasing the accountability of the reviewers. Little has been done regarding improving incentives for reviewers. Making the process more attractive to the reviewers improves the efficiency of the process and benefits everyone involved in it. It is perhaps not enough to keep harping on the altruistic values of peer review. Personal profit motives should be addressed as well. This article examines the possibility of offering co‐authorship of the manuscript to the reviewers.