bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of airway hyper‐responsiveness by TRPV1 antagonists (SB‐705498 and PF‐04065463) in the unanaesthetized, ovalbumin‐sensitized guinea pig
Authors: Delescluse I , Mace H , Adcock JJ 
Published: February 2012

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Airway sensory nerves play a key role in respiratory cough, dyspnoea, airway hyper‐responsiveness (AHR), all fundamental features of airway diseases [asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) ]. Vagally mediated airway reflexes such as cough, bronchoconstriction and chest tightness originate from stimulation of airway sensory nerve endings. The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 receptor (TRPV1) is present on peripheral terminals of airway sensory nerves and modulation of its activity represents a potential target for the pharmacological therapy of AHR in airway disease.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH As guinea pig models can provide some of the essential features of asthma, including AHR, we have established the model with some classical pharmacological agents and examined the effect of the TRPV1 antagonists, SB‐705498 and PF‐04065463 on AHR to histamine evoked by ovalbumin (OA) in unanaesthetized sensitized guinea pigs restrained in a double chamber plethysmograph. Specific airway conductance (sGaw) derived from the airflow was calculated as a percentage of change from baseline.KEY RESULTS Cetirizine and salbutamol significantly inhibited OA‐evoked bronchoconstriction [sGaw area under the curve (AUC): 70 and 78%, respectively]. Atropine, SB‐705498 and PF‐04065463 significantly inhibited OA‐evoked AHR to histamine in unanaesthetized, OA‐sensitized guinea pigs (sGaw AUC: 94%, 57% and 73%, respectively). Furthermore, this effect was not related to antagonism of histamine's activity.CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These data suggest that TRPV1 receptors located on airway sensory nerves are important in the development of AHR and that modulation of TRPV1‐receptor activity represents a potential target for the pharmacological therapy of AHR in airway disease.
Effects of temperature on the development and survival of an endangered butterfly, Lycaeides argyrognomon (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) with estimation of optimal and threshold temperatures using linear and nonlinear models
Authors: KODA Keiko , NAKAMURA Hiroshi 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe effects of temperature on the development and survival of Lycaeides argyrognomon were examined in the laboratory. The eggs, larvae and pupae were reared at temperatures of 15, 17.5, 20, 25, 30 and 33°C under a long‐day photoperiod of 16‐h light and 8‐h darkness. The survival rates of the first–third instars ranged from 40.0 to 82.4%. The mortalities of the fourth instar were lower than those of the first–third instars. The development time of the overall immature stage decreased from 78.33 days at 15°C to 21.07 days at 30°C, and then increased to 24.33 days at 33°C. The common linear model and the Ikemoto–Takai model were used to estimate the thermal constant (K) and the developmental zero (T0). The values of T0 and K for the overall immature stages were 10.50°C and 418.83 degree‐days, and 9.71°C and 451.68 degree‐days by the common model and the Ikemoto–Takai model, respectively. The upper temperature thresholds (Tmax) and the optimal temperatures (Topt) of the egg, the first–third instars and the overall immature stages were estimated by the three nonlinear models. The ranges of Topt estimated were from 30.33°C to 32.46°C in the overall immature stages and the estimates of Tmax of the overall immature stages by the Briere‐1 and the Briere‐2 models were 37.18°C and 33.00°C, respectively. The method to predict the developmental period of L. argyrognomon using the nonlinear models was discussed based on the data of the average temperature per hour.
Complications of Apheresis
Authors: Kaplan Andre 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn general, therapeutic apheresis is a relatively safe procedure with the most commonly seen complications caused by citrate‐induced hypocalcemia and urticarial reactions to the protein‐containing replacement fluid. Depletion coagulopathy and immunoglobulin depletion must be anticipated when albumin is used as the replacement fluid and becomes more profound as the number of treatment increases. The most serious complications are seen when there is an anaphylactoid reaction to the multiple units of fresh frozen plasma required when used as the replacement fluid. The overall incidence of death is 0.05%, but many of these deaths were in patients with severe preexisting conditions in which the apheresis procedure, itself, may not have been the precipitating cause. As with all extracorporeal treatments requiring large bore vascular access, catheter‐related trauma, clotting, infection, and bleeding may also occur.
Medications in Patients Treated With Therapeutic Plasma Exchange: Prescription Dosage, Timing, and Drug Overdose
Authors: Ibrahim Rami B. , Balogun Rasheed A. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractTherapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is an extracorporeal process commonly used in clinical medicine for the treatment of a variety of neurological, renal, hematological, dermatological, and other diseases. Inherent to the procedure, patients’ plasma removal may lead to the extraction of drugs they are concurrently receiving. This review discusses the published literature assessing TPE’s influence on different drug classes’ disposition and, when applicable, sets forth management recommendations in cases where the drugs are used at the usual doses and in cases of drug overdose.
The Renaissance Kidney—Nephrology in and about the Sixteenth Century
Authors: Eknoyan Garabed 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe endeavor to understand the workings of the human body is as old as civilization; but it is in the intellectual movement of the Renaissance that its actual scientific study began in earnest and has not ceased growing since then. It was in the 16th century that the study of organs was launched and with it that of the kidney, which was then conceived as an accessory organ to clear the excess water ingested with food. The study of the structural basis of kidney function was launched by Bartolomeo Eustachio (1514–1574); the elements of its physiology and pathology were promulgated by Jean Fernel (1497–1558), and that of the chemical study of urine and of the principal cause of kidney disease then, calculi, instigated by Joan Baptista Van Helmont (1577–1644). The methodological approaches of these and their contemporary investigators, which were crystallized and formulated by Francis Bacon (1561–1626), opened the gates of the Scientific Revolution that followed in the 17th century, beginning with that of describing the circulation in 1628 by William Harvey (1564–1657) that would finally free the kidney from the shackles imposed on it as a mere accessory organ to the liver in Galen’s physiology.
Effects of Myocardial Postconditioning on the Recruitment of Endothelial Progenitor Cells
Authors: JUNG CHRISTIAN , SÖRENSSON PEDER , SALEH NAWSAD , ARHEDEN HÅKAN , RYDÉN LARS , PERNOW JOHN 
Published: February 2012

Background:

Ischemic postconditioning (PostC), brief repetitive cycles of ischemia and reperfusion during early reperfusion, is suggested to protect the myocardium in patients with stent thrombosis‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) by improved endothelial dysfunction and alteration of cytokine release. These mechanisms are also of importance for the recruitment of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC), an endogenous repair mechanism for re‐endothelialization and neoangiogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PostC on recruitment of EPC.
Methods:

EPC were analyzed in 20 patients with STEMI randomized to receive four cycles of PostC following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or conventional PCI. Different subpopulations of EPC were quantified immediately and on day 4 using flow cytometry. Myocardium at risk, and infarct size was determined by cardiovascular magnetic resonance.
Results:

There was no influence of PostC on the number of different EPC (CD34+, CD133+, CD34+CD133+, CD34+KDR+, CD34−CD133+KDR+, CD34+CD133+KDR+). Left ventricular ejection fraction, myocardium at risk, and infarct size did not correlate to the mobilization of EPC. There was an inverse correlation between the symptom‐to‐balloon time and the mobilization of progenitor precursor cells (CD34+ cells: R =−0.527, P = 0.02; CD133+ cells: R =−0.624, P = 0.004; CD34+CD133+ cells: R =−0.466, P = 0.04).
Discussion:

Ischemic PostC did not result in improved mobilization of EPC in STEMI patients. The recruitment of progenitor cells seems to be related to the duration of ischemia rather than the size of the ischemic myocardial area. More effort is needed to understand the changes of endothelial surface markers by PostC and their role in EPC recruitment and homing. (J Interven Cardiol 2012;25:103–110)
A National Model for Developing, Implementing, and Evaluating Evidence‐based Guidelines for Prehospital Care
Authors: Lang Eddy S. , Spaite Daniel W. , Oliver Zoe J. , Gotschall Catherine S. , Swor Robert A. , Dawson Drew E. , Hunt Richard C. 
Published: February 2012

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2012; 19:201–209 © 2012 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineAbstractIn 2007, the Institute of Medicine’s (IOM’s) Committee on the Future of Emergency Care recommended that a multidisciplinary panel establish a model for developing evidence‐based protocols for the treatment of emergency medical systems (EMS) patients. In response, the National EMS Advisory Council (NEMSAC) and the Federal Interagency Committee on EMS (FICEMS) convened a panel of multidisciplinary experts to review current strategies for developing evidence‐based guidelines (EBGs) and to propose a model for developing such guidelines for the prehospital milieu. This paper describes the eight‐step model endorsed by FICEMS, NEMSAC, and a panel of EMS and evidence‐based medicine experts.According to the model, prehospital EBG development would begin with the input of evidence from various external sources. Potential EBG topics would be suggested following a preliminary evidentiary review; those topics with sufficient extant foundational evidence would be selected for development. Next, the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology would be used to determine a quality‐of‐evidence rating and a strength of recommendation related to the patient care guidelines. More specific, contextualized patient care protocols would then be generated and disseminated to the EMS community. After educating EMS professionals using targeted teaching materials, the protocols would be implemented in local EMS systems. Finally, effectiveness and uptake would be measured with integrated quality improvement and outcomes monitoring systems.The constituencies and experts involved in the model development process concluded that the use of such transparent, objective, and scientifically rigorous guidelines could significantly increase the quality of EMS care in the future.
Lack of Sex Disparity in Cardiovascular Testing After Coronary Computerized Tomographic Angiography
Authors: Ginty Catherine T. , Chang Anna Marie , Matsuura Asako C. , Decker Christopher , Le Jeffrey , Green Michael , Litt Harold I. , Hollander Judd E. 
Published: February 2012

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2012; 19:147–152 © 2012 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineAbstractObjectives:  The authors assessed whether there was a sex disparity in testing of patients after coronary computerized tomographic angiography (CTA) was performed for emergency department (ED) patients with potential acute coronary syndromes (ACS). In theory, once coronary anatomy has been determined, any disparity in subsequent workup should not be the result of differences in presentation.Methods:  This was a prospective cohort study of ED patients who presented with potential ACS and received coronary CTAs at a university hospital. Demographics, history, cardiac risk factors, follow‐up testing, and procedures were recorded. Follow‐up at 30 days was obtained by structured record review and telephone contact. Patients were stratified by sex and coronary CTA results (max stenosis: none, 1% to 24%, 25% to 49%, 50% to 69%, and ≥70%). Main outcome was the relative risk (RR) of a male receiving a stress test or catheterization within 30 days, stratified by categories of percent maximal stenosis.Results:  A total of 1,144 patients received coronary CTAs (mean ± SD age = 47.8 ± 8.7 years), 55% were female, and 64% were black or African American. Overall, 161 patients received follow‐up testing within 30 days, 113 during their index visit. Men were more likely to receive further testing (RR = 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.14 to 1.99) compared to women. However, when stratified by percentage of stenosis, men were not more likely to receive further testing within 30 days after coronary CTA compared to women (RR = 1.14; 95% CI = 0.68 to 1.91). In multivariable modeling for risk of further testing, stenosis remained significant (adjusted relative risk [aRR] = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.19 to 1.91), while male sex, age, race, and Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) risk score were not.Conclusions:  Male patients with potential ACS who receive a coronary CTA as a part of their ED evaluation were no more likely than female patients to receive further testing within 30 days.
Clinical and genetic outcome determinants of Internet‐ and group‐based cognitive behavior therapy for social anxiety disorder
Authors: Hedman E. , Andersson E. , Ljótsson B. , Andersson G. , Andersson E. , Schalling M. , Lindefors N. , Rück C. 
Published: February 2012

Hedman E, Andersson E, Ljótsson B, Andersson G, Andersson E, Schalling M, Lindefors N, Rück C. Clinical and genetic outcome determinants of Internet‐ and group‐based cognitive behavior therapy for social anxiety disorder (SAD).Objective: No study has investigated clinical or genetic predictors and moderators of Internet‐based cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) compared with cognitive behavioral group therapy for (CBGT) for SAD. Identification of predictors and moderators is essential to the clinician in deciding which treatment to recommend for whom. We aimed to identify clinical and genetic (5‐HTTLPR, COMTval158met, and BDNFval66met) predictors and moderators of ICBT and CBGT.Method: We performed three types of analyses on data from a sample comprising participants (N = 126) who had undergone ICBT or CBGT in a randomized controlled trial. Outcomes were i) end state symptom severity, ii) SAD diagnosis, and iii) clinically significant improvement.Results: The most stable predictors of better treatment response were working full time, having children, less depressive symptoms, higher expectancy of treatment effectiveness, and adhering to treatment. None of the tested gene polymorphisms were associated with treatment outcome. Comorbid general anxiety and depression were moderators meaning that lower levels were associated with a better treatment response in ICBT but not in CBGT.Conclusion: We conclude that demographic factors, symptom burden, adherence, and expectations may play an important role as predictors of treatment outcome. The investigated gene polymorphisms do not appear to make a difference.
Short implants (6 mm) installed immediately into extraction sockets: An experimental study in dogs
Authors: Bressan Eriberto , Sivolella Stefano , Urrutia Zoraya Almagro , Salata Luiz Antonio , Lang Niklaus Peter , Botticelli Daniele 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of implant length (6 mm vs.11 mm) on osseointegration (bone‐to‐implant contact) of implants installed into sockets immediately after tooth extraction.Material and methodsIn six Labrador dogs, the pulp tissue of the mesial roots of 3P3 was removed and the root canals were filled. Flaps were elevated bilaterally, the premolars hemi‐sectioned and the distal roots removed. Recipient sites were prepared in the distal alveolus and a 6 mm or an 11 mm long implant was installed at the test and control sites, respectively. Non‐submerged healing was allowed. After 4 months of healing, block sections of the implant sites were obtained for histological processing and peri‐implant tissue assessment.ResultsNo statistically significant differences were found between test and control sites both for hard and soft tissue parameters. The bone‐to‐implant contact evaluated at the apical region of the implants was similar as well. Although not statistically significant, the location of the top of the bony crest at the buccal aspect was more apical in relation to the implant shoulder at the test compared with the control sites (2.0 ± 1.4 and 1.2 ± 1.1 mm, respectively).ConclusionsShorter implants (6 mm) present with equal osseointegration than do longer implants (11 mm).
Sodium metabisulfite as a contact allergen – an example of a rare chemical mechanism for protein modification
Authors: Roberts David W. , Basketter David , Kimber Ian , White Jonathan , McFadden John , White Ian R. 
Published: February 2012

Background. Skin‐sensitizing chemicals that cause allergic contact dermatitis do so by reacting with self‐proteins such that the modified structure becomes antigenic. The reaction chemistry involved is well characterized, but there are exceptions, such as the occasional allergen sodium metabisulfite.Objectives. To identify the potential in cutaneo reaction chemistry of sodium metabisulfite.Methods. The established protein reaction chemistry associated with aqueous sulfite chemistry was explored in the context of the protein modification stage in allergic contact dermatitis.Results. A probable mechanism for the in cutaneo modification of proteins by sodium metabisulfite involves the sulfite di‐anion, acting as a nucleophile towards electrophilic centres in proteins, which is a rare mechanism, as most known skin‐sensitizing chemicals behave as electrophiles.Conclusions. Sodium metabisulfite is an unusual but not infrequent contact allergen whose chemistry suggests a previously unrecognized protein modification mechanism involving nucleophilic attack by sulfite di‐anions on target electrophilic centres in skin proteins. The chemical properties required for sensitization by nucleophilic attack on skin proteins are quite restrictive, so the domain of nucleophilic sensitizers is expected to be small. Thiourea derivatives are among the sensitizers likely to act by this mechanism.
A pilot study aimed at finding a suitable eugenol concentration for a leave‐on product for use in a repeated open application test
Authors: Svedman Cecilia , Engfeldt Malin , Api Anne Marie , Politano Valerie T. , Belsito Donald V. , Isaksson Marlene , Bruze Magnus 
Published: February 2012

Background. Knowledge of sensitization and elicitation thresholds and the time‐dose relationship for elicitation of contact dermatitis is important in order to provide safe products for consumers.Objective. Since previous studies performed with eugenol had showed negative results in a repeat open application study (ROAT) study, we wanted to perform a ROAT with higher concentration (maximum allowed) and longer ROAT.Materials. 5 volunteers previously tested positive to eugenol were studied. They performed a ROAT test for maximum 4 weeks with four different solutions.Results. Four of five reacted to the maximum concentration of eugenol in the ROAT.Conclusion. In patients sensitized to eugenol, with the maximum allowed concentration of eugenol and given a prolonged ROAT (4 weeks), there is a clear risk of elicitating an allergic contact dermatitis.
Practical skills training influences knowledge and attitude of dental students towards emergency medical care
Authors: Sopka S. , Biermann H. , Druener S. , Skorning M. , Knops A. , Fitzner C. , Rossaint R. , Beckers S. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackground:  Medical emergencies in dental practice are generally perceived as being rare. Nonetheless, recent studies have shown that incidents occur on a regular basis. Therefore, patients have the right to expect necessary skills to manage life‐threatening situations from every dentist.Objective:  To observe students’ attitude and self‐assessment towards emergency medical care (EMC) and its practical appliance.Material and methods:  Students of dentistry took part in small group sessions for adult and paediatric basic life support. Participants filled out pre–post questionnaires regarding knowledge and attitude towards EMC (6, respectively, 10‐point Likert scale). Additionally, feedback was asked for the quality of course and tutors.Results:  Forty dental students in their last 2 years of study registered for the EMC courses. The majority had never attended any first‐aid course; the mean age was 25% and 75% were women. A comparison between pre‐ and post‐evaluation showed that the participation in practical training easily enhances the students’ awareness of EMC importance as well as self‐confidence in managing emergencies. After the course, 71% shared the opinion that retraining should be obligatory for all medical personnel. At the same time, students’ self‐assessment of confidence for specific tasks got significant upgrades in every aspect.Conclusion:  The evaluation data clearly show the participants’ needs to deal with topics of EMC within the curriculum of dentistry. The proposed course is able to change participants’ attitudes towards EMC and its importance for their daily practice. The considerable enhancement of self‐confidence in performing EMC‐techniques might also lead to more willingness to manage emergency situations.
Sexual Function and Distress in Women Treated for Primary Headaches in a Tertiary University Center
Authors: Nappi Rossella E. , Terreno Erica , Tassorelli Cristina , Sances Grazia , Allena Marta , Guaschino Elena , Antonaci Fabio , Albani Francesca , Polatti Franco 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Primary headaches are common in women and impact on their quality of life and psychosocial functioning. Few data are available on sexuality in female headache sufferers.

Aim
An observational pilot study was conducted to assess sexual function and distress in women treated for primary headaches in a tertiary university center.

Methods
From a total of 194 women consecutively observed over a 3-month period, 100 patients were recruited. Migraine with and without aura, and tension-type headache, both episodic and chronic (CTTH), were diagnosed according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders. A detailed pharmacological history was collected, and anxiety and depression were assessed using validated scales. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised were administered.

Main Outcome Measures
The main outcome measures are sexual symptoms and distress in women treated for primary headaches.

Results
More than 90% of the women had a median FSFI full-scale score under the validated cutoff, while 29% reported sexual distress. Hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) was diagnosed in 20% of the women and the pain domain score (median 2, score range 0–6) was highly affected by the head pain condition. However, the FSFI domain and full-scale scores did not significantly differ by headache diagnosis. The women with CTTH displayed a high rate of sexual distress (45.5%) and a strong negative correlation between desire, arousal, and full-scale FSFI score and number analgesics/month (r: −0.77, P = 0.006; r: −0.76, P = 0.006; and r: −0.68, P = 0.02, respectively). Depression was positively correlated with sexual distress (r: 0.63, P = 0.001) only in the women with CTTH.

Conclusion
Women treated for primary headaches were found to display a high rate of sexual symptoms and distress. Both migraine and tension-type headache were associated with sexual pain and HSDD, but women with CTTH seem to be more prone to develop sexual distress.