bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
028 Determining the effect of objective and subjective criteria on a risk assessment tool in a Children's Emergency Department: Abstract 028 Table 1
Authors: Roland D , Davies F , Lewis G 
Published: September 2011

Objectives and BackgroundChildren with serious illness can be difficult to spot, especially for non-experienced staff. Although adult “early warning scores” are now commonly used in Emergency Departments (ED), there is no such system for children. The Paediatric Observation Priority Score (POPS) is a physiological and observational scoring system (range 0–16) designed for use by healthcare professionals of varying clinical experience at initial assessment in our ED. The aim is to use POPS to identify sick children, aid healthcare professionals in confidently discharging or re-directing patients and providing a departmental level of acuity to aid resource allocation. A first phase of the validation process examined the utility of the more subjective criteria of POPS (level of alertness, work of breathing, nursing concern and relevant background history) against the physiological criteria (heart rate, breathing rate, saturations and temperature) in determining admission to the children's hospital assessment unit from the ED.MethodsConvenience sample case note review of attendances to the ED, analysing patient discharge disposition against initial POPS recorded.Results942 (injuries not included) presentations from 2009 to 2010 were included in the study with an overall admission rate of 36% (339/942). RR of admission of admission with a POPS of >0 was 2.1 (CI 1.6 to 2.7).ConclusionThe large range of confounding influences affecting the admission of children to hospital makes an initial point of care assessment predictive model difficult. This work demonstrated interesting variation in performance of the component sections of the POPS score. The use of subjective, user dependant factors, may inhibit the performance of physiological values which have traditionally be used in aiding illness recognition. Further work is ongoing to improve the performance of the tool as an adjunct to risk assessment and resource allocation.Abstract 028 Table 1Ability to predict admissionSensitivitySpecificityPositive predictive valueNegative predictive valuePOPS>00.820.380.420.79Physiological values only (any score>0)0.740.450.430.75Subjective criteria only (any score>0)0.660.670.530.78Any nursing concern0.590.740.570.76
rILYd4, a Human CD59 Inhibitor, Enhances Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity of Ofatumumab against Rituximab-Resistant B-cell Lymphoma Cells and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Ge Xiaowen , Wu Lin , Hu Weiguo , Fernandes Stacey , Wang Chun , Li Xu , Brown Jennifer R. , Qin Xuebin 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Purpose: Ofatumumab is an anti-CD20 antibody recently approved for treatment of fludarabine and alemtuzumab refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); it mediates much stronger complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) than rituximab. Human CD59, a key membrane complement regulator that inhibits CDC, is highly expressed in B-cell malignancies and its upregulation is an important determinant of the sensitivity of B-cell malignancies to rituximab treatment. Previously, we have shown that the potent CD59 inhibitor rILYd4 sensitizes rituximab-resistant lymphoma cells to rituximab-mediated CDC. Here, we further investigated whether rILYd4 can sensitize B-cell malignancies to ofatumumab-mediated CDC and whether either ofatumumab-mediated CDC or rILYd4-enhanced ofatumumab-mediated CDC correlates with CD20 or CD59 expression, known biomarkers involved in rituximab activity.
Experimental Design: Rituximab-resistant cell lines and primary CLL cells were used to investigate the antitumor efficacy of the combination of rILYd4 with ofatumumab or rituximab. Propidium iodide staining or alamarBlue assay were used to evaluate the CDC effect. The levels of CD20 and CD59 on the cell membrane were analyzed by flow cytometry.
Results: rILYd4 enhanced CDC effects mediated by ofatumumab or rituximab on rituximab-resistant lymphoma cells and primary CLL cells in vitro. The sensitivity to CDC effects mediated by ofatumumab positively correlated with the ratio of CD20/CD59 and negatively correlated with CD59 levels on CLL cells. The degree to which rILYd4 enhanced CDC correlated positively with the CD59 levels on CLL cells.
Conclusions: These data suggest that rILYd4 may enhance the anticancer activity of ofatumumab and rituximab in B-cell malignancies that have relapsed after prior antibody-based therapies. Clin Cancer Res; 17(21); 6702–11. ©2011 AACR.
Common Cancer Stem Cell Gene Variants Predict Colon Cancer Recurrence
Authors: Gerger Armin , Zhang Wu , Yang Dongyun , Bohanes Pierre , Ning Yan , Winder Thomas , LaBonte Melissa J. , Wilson Peter M. , Benhaim Leonor , Paez David , El-Khoueiry Rita , El-Khoueiry Anthony , Kahn Michael , Lenz Heinz-Josef 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Purpose: Recent evidence suggests that cancer stem cells (CSC) are responsible for key elements of colon cancer progression and recurrence. Germline variants in CSC genes may result in altered gene function and/or activity, thereby causing interindividual differences in a patient's tumor recurrence capacity and chemoresistance. We investigated germline polymorphisms in a comprehensive panel of CSC genes to predict time to tumor recurrence (TTR) in patients with stage III and high-risk stage II colon cancer.
Experimental Design: A total of 234 patients treated with 5-fluorouracil–based chemotherapy at the University of Southern California were included in this study. Whole blood samples were analyzed for germline polymorphisms in genes that have been previously associated with colon CSC (CD44, Prominin-1, DPP4, EpCAM, ALCAM, Msi-1, ITGB1, CD24, LGR5, and ALDH1A1) by PCR-RFLP or direct DNA-sequencing.
Results: The minor alleles of CD44 rs8193 C&gt;T, ALCAM rs1157 G&gt;A, and LGR5 rs17109924 T&gt;C were significantly associated with increased TTR (9.4 vs. 5.4 years; HR, 0.51; 95% CI: 0.35–0.93; P = 0.022; 11.3 vs. 5.7 years; HR, 0.56; 95% CI: 0.33–0.94; P = 0.024, and 10.7 vs. 5.7 years; HR, 0.33; 95% CI: 0.12–0.90; P = 0.023, respectively) and remained significant in the multivariate analysis stratified by ethnicity. In recursive partitioning, a specific gene variant profile including LGR5 rs17109924, CD44 rs8193, and ALDH1A1 rs1342024 represented a high-risk subgroup with a median TTR of 1.7 years (HR, 6.71, 95% CI: 2.71–16.63, P &lt; 0.001).
Conclusion: This is the first study identifying common germline variants in colon CSC genes as independent prognostic markers for stage III and high-risk stage II colon cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res; 17(21); 6934–43. ©2011 AACR.
ER and PI3K Independently Modulate Endocrine Resistance in ER-Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Van Tine Brian A. , Crowder Robert J. , Ellis Matthew J. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Endocrine therapy–resistant estrogen receptor–positive (ER+) breast cancer is the most common cause of breast cancer death. Miller and colleagues demonstrate that ligand-independent ER activity promotes the growth of breast cancer cells through CDK4/E2F. As an independent event, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is also upregulated in endocrine therapy-resistant cells. Promising preclinical evidence by several groups for the combination of an inhibitor of ligand-independent ER, fulvestrant, with PI3K inhibition, has led to the activation of trials evaluating this concept. Cancer Discovery; 1(4): 287–8. ©2011 AACR.
Commentary on Miller et al., p. 338.
Comments on “Estimation of Tropical Cyclone Wind Hazard for Darwin: Comparison with Two Other Locations and the Australian Wind-Loading Code”
Authors: Harper Bruce A. , Holmes John D. , Kepert Jeffrey D. , Mason Luciano B. , Vickery Peter J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCook and Nicholls recently argued in this journal that the city of Darwin (Northern Territory), Australia, should be located in wind region D rather than in the current region C in the Australian/New Zealand Standard AS/NZS 1170.2 wind actions standard, in which region D has significantly higher risk. These comments critically examine the methods used by Cook and Nicholls and find serious flaws in them, sufficient to invalidate their conclusions. Specific flaws include 1) invalid assumptions in their analysis method, including that cyclones are assumed to be at the maximum intensity along their entire path across the sampling circle even after they have crossed extensive land areas; 2) a lack of verification that the simulated cyclone tracks are consistent with the known climatological data and in particular that the annual rate of simulated cyclones at each station greatly exceeds the numbers recorded for the entire Australian region; and 3) the apparent omission of key cyclones when comparing the risk at Darwin with two other locations. It is shown here that the number of cyclones that have affected Port Hedland (Western Australia), a site in Australia’s region D, greatly exceeds the number that have influenced Darwin over the same period for any chosen threshold of intensity. Analysis of the recorded gusts from anemometers at Port Hedland and Darwin that is presented here further supports this result. On the basis of this evidence, the authors conclude that Darwin’s tropical cyclone wind risk is adequately described by its current location in region C.
Progress on Predicting the Breadth of Droplet Size Distributions Observed in Small Cumuli
Authors: Bewley Jennifer L. , Lasher-Trapp Sonia 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
A modeling framework representing variations in droplet growth by condensation, resulting from different saturation histories experienced as a result of entrainment and mixing, is used to predict the breadth of droplet size distributions observed at different altitudes within trade wind cumuli observed on 10 December 2004 during the Rain in Cumulus over the Ocean (RICO) field campaign. The predicted droplet size distributions are as broad as those observed, contain similar numbers of droplets, and are generally in better agreement with the observations when some degree of inhomogeneous droplet evaporation is considered, allowing activation of newly entrained cloud condensation nuclei. The variability of the droplet growth histories, resulting primarily from entrainment, appears to explain the magnitude of the observed droplet size distribution widths, without representation of other broadening mechanisms. Additional work is needed, however, as the predicted mean droplet diameter is too large relative to the observations and likely results from the model resolution limiting dilution of the simulated cloud.
The Shi'i Concept of Imamate and Leadership in Contemporary Iran
Authors: Hashemi-Najafabadi Adel 
Published: September 2011

The Imamate is one of the most important pillars in Twelver Shi’ism. However, its meaning has been greatly debated by religious modernists in recent years. In this article, the Iranian religious modernists' position on the concept of the Imamate, in contrast to the traditional view, is expounded. In addition, this work presents the major critical remarks of the religious modernists on the theory of Velayat-e Faqih (guardianship of the jurist), as an implementation of the concept of Imamate, which is in practice in contemporary Iran. L’Imamat est l’un des piliers les plus importants dans le chiisme duodécimain. Toutefois, sa signification a été grandement débattu par les modernistes religieux dans ces dernières années. Dans cet article, la position des modernistes religieux iraniens sur le concept de l’Imamat, contrairement à la vision traditionnelle, est exposée. En outre, cet ouvrage présente les remarques principales critiques des modernistes religieux sur la théorie du velayat-e faqih (la tutelle du juriste), comme une mise en œuvre du concept de l’Imamat, qui est en pratique dans l’Iran contemporain.
On the Treatment of Miracles in New Testament Scholarship
Authors: Crook Zeba 
Published: September 2011

All introductory textbooks to the New Testament have something to say about the miracles and resurrection of Jesus, sometimes implicitly but more often explicitly. Not surprisingly, conservative textbooks take a conservative approach, rejecting outright the “naturalism” that governs other human and natural sciences. Yet even liberal textbooks stop short of assuming a fully naturalistic paradigm. This paper analyses the assumptions that serve as the foundation of both conservative and liberal treatments of the miraculous, and joins others in calling for the academic study of Christian Origins to situate itself more fully within the academic study of religion. Tous les manuels d’introduction au Nouveau Testament ont quelque chose à dire sur les miracles et la résurrection de Jésus, parfois implicitement, mais le plus souvent de manière explicite. Comme on pouvait s'y attendre, les manuels conservateurs adoptent une approche conservatrice, en rejetant purement et simplement le « naturalisme » qui régit les autres sciences humaines et naturelles. Pourtant, même les manuels libéraux s'arrêtent avant d’assumer un paradigme entièrement naturaliste. Cet article analyse les hypothèses qui servent de base aux traitements conservateurs et libéraux du miraculeux, et s'unit à d’autres pour l’appel à une étude universitaire des origines chrétiennes afin de s'intégrer pleinement dans l’étude scientifique de la religion.
Dentists’ preferences for diagnosis, management and referral of chronic oro-facial pain: Results from a national survey
Authors: Aggarwal Vishal R , Joughin Amy , Zakrzewska Joanna , Appelbe Priscilla , Tickle Martin 
Published: September 2011

Aim: To explore the diagnosis, treatment and referral patterns of chronic oro-facial pain patients by generalist primary care dentists (GDPs) in the UK. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a non-stratified random sample of 500 GDPs who were selected from the General Dental Council register. A self-complete postal questionnaire with four hypothetical clinical case scenarios describing sub-types of chronic oro-facial pain (COFP) was used to investigate diagnosis, treatment and referral options of GDPs. Results: Two hundred and twenty (44%) GDPs responded. The majority correctly diagnosed temporomandibular disorder (TMD; 88%) and burning mouth syndrome (BMS; 92%). There was more variation in the diagnosis of the other cases related to persistent oro-facial pain. For TMD there was a clear preference for treatment with occlusal splint therapy, and referral to a temporomandibular joint (TMJ) specialist. The BMS scenario showed drug therapy and referral to an oral medicine specialist to be most popular. The chronic oro-facial pain cases had greater variation in management and choice of psychotherapy was related to duration of pain symptoms. Conclusions: The greater variation in responses to scenarios based on patients with chronic oro-facial pain may reflect the difficulty clinicians face in diagnosing and treating this condition. Management appears to follow a biomedical model and most clinicians chose to refer patients for treatment. There are few specialist services to cater for such referrals, indicating a need to train primary care practitioners in management of chronic COFP, along with the establishment of evidence-based guidelines.
Transport properties of multi-layer fabric based on electrospun nanofiber mats as a breathable barrier textile material
Authors: Bagherzadeh Roohollah , Latifi Masoud , Najar Saeed Shaikhzadeh , Tehran Mohammad Amani , Gorji Mohsen , Kong Lingxue 
Published: September 2011

Layered fabric systems with an electrospun nanofiber web layered onto a sandwich of woven fabric were developed to examine the feasibility of developing breathable barrier textile materials. Some parameters of nanofiber mats, including the time of electrospinning and the polymer solution concentration, were designed to change and barrier properties of specimens were compared. Air permeability, water vapor transmission, and water repellency (Bundesmann and hydrostatic pressure tests) were assessed as indications of comfort and barrier performance of different samples. These performances of layered nanofiber fabrics were compared with a well-known water repellent breathable multi-layered fabric (Gortex). Multi-layered electrospun nanofiber mats equipped fabric (MENMEF) showed better performance in windproof property than Gortex fabric. Also, water vapor permeability of MENMEF was in a range of normal woven sport and work clothing. Comparisons of barrier properties of MENMEF and the currently available PTFE coated materials showed that, those properties could be achieved by layered fabric systems with electrospun nanofiber mats.
A Community-Based Diabetes Prevention Program
Authors: Kramer M. Kaye , McWilliams Janis R. , Chen Hsiang-Yu , Siminerio Linda M. 
Published: September 2011

Purpose With growing numbers of people at risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease, diabetes educators report increasing referrals for intervention in prevention of these conditions. Diabetes educators have expertise in diabetes self-management education; however, they are generally not prepared for delivery of chronic disease primary prevention. The purpose of this project was to determine if individuals at risk for diabetes who participate in an intervention delivered by trained diabetes educators in existing diabetes self-management education community-based programs can reduce risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Methods Diabetes educators in 3 outpatient-hospital programs (urban, suburban, and rural) received training and support for implementation of the Group Lifestyle Balance program, an adaptation of the Diabetes Prevention Program lifestyle intervention, from the Diabetes Prevention Support Center of the University of Pittsburgh. Adults with prediabetes and/or the metabolic syndrome were eligible to enroll in the program with physician referral. With use of existing diabetes educator networks, recruitment was completed via on-site physician in-services, informative letters, and e-mail contact as well as participant-directed newspaper advertisement. Results Eighty-one participants enrolled in the study (71 women, 10 men). Mean overall weight loss was 11.3 lb (5.1%, P < .001); in addition, significant decreases were noted in fasting plasma glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood pressure. Conclusions These results suggest that the Group Lifestyle Balance program delivered by diabetes educators was successful in reducing risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease in high-risk individuals. Furthermore, diabetes educators, already integrated within the existing health care system, provide yet another resource for delivery of primary prevention programs in the community.
Head and Neck Manifestations of Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum
Authors: Huon Leh‐Kiong , Chang Yen‐Liang , Wang Pa‐Chun , Chen Po‐Yueh 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveSpontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) is a rare disease entity that often manifests localized signs in the head and neck region. The thoracic features of SPM have been well described; however, there is a paucity of information on its otolaryngological characteristics. The authors describe the clinical management among SPM patients having primarily head and neck symptoms.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingCathay General Hospital, Taiwan.ResultsThe study included 13 men and 1 woman, with a mean age of 18.8 years (range, 14‐29 years). The primary initial symptoms were neck swelling (11), neck pain (10), and odynophagia (9). Neck soft tissue and chest radiography was diagnostic of SPM in all patients. Conservative treatment consisted of bed rest and analgesics, which led to rapid resolution of SPM.ConclusionsSPM is a benign entity that responds well to conservative treatment. The results of our investigation highlight the importance of an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) clinical examination as a guide for diagnosing SPM because of the high percentage of ENT manifestations in the initial clinical profiles. Secondary causes of SPM must be ruled out to avoid an unfavorable outcome.
In Vivo Vascularity Alterations in Repaired Rotator Cuffs Determined by Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound
Authors: Funakoshi Tadanao , Iwasaki Norimasa , Kamishima Tamotsu , Nishida Mutsumi , Ito Yoichi , Nishida Kinya , Motomiya Makoto , Suenaga Naoki , Minami Akio 
Published: September 2011

Background: The alterations in blood flow after rotator cuff repair remain unclear. Visualization of vascular patterns could clarify basic and clinical investigations. Purpose: To assess longitudinal blood flow inside the repaired cuff and the surrounding tissue after rotator cuff repair, using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Fifteen patients (7 men and 8 women; mean age, 65.0 ± 9.8 years) consented to participate. The patients underwent an ultrasound scan before and 1, 2, and 3 months after surgery. Enhanced ultrasound images were recorded for 1 minute after intravenous injection of contrast reagent. Four regions of interest inside the cuff and 2 regions in the anchor hole and subacromial bursa were superimposed on the obtained images. Calculated areas under the time-intensity curves were expressed in acoustic units (AU). Results: We found area-dependent differences in patterns of alteration and magnitude of blood flow inside the repaired cuff and peritendinous tissues. Vascularity in the articular distal and bursal distal region of the repaired cuff at 1 month postoperatively increased significantly compared with that at the preoperative baseline (76 vs 5 AU, P = .0037; 92 vs 7 AU, P = .043). The vascularity peaked at 1 month after surgery in the bursal area within the cuff but at 2 months in the articular area. The vascularity in the articular proximal region of the repaired cuff was significantly lower than that in the bursal proximal ( P = .0046), bursal distal ( P = .0183), and articular distal regions ( P = .0163) 1 month after surgery. Conclusion: Enhancement patterns in intratendinous tissue increased at 1 or 2 months postoperatively and decreased at 3 months. We found area-dependent differences in enhancement patterns inside the repaired cuff and peritendinous tissue. Clinical Relevance: Visualization of vascularization using contrast-enhanced ultrasound could help in deciding on an appropriate repair technique or on the form of postoperative rehabilitation after rotator cuff repair.
Modelling of condensed flexible bodies considering non-linear inertia effects resulting from gross motions
Authors: Offner G 
Published: September 2011

Besides various other application fields, flexible multi-body dynamics simulation is used in particular during the development process of internal combustion engines and power units. Problems such as crankshaft and engine dynamics, radial slider bearing dynamics or noise, vibration, and harshness can be investigated using this methodology. Any specific engine component, called body, can be represented by different methods. Besides beam-mass representations and structured modelling, finite element models are commonly used. As these imply a large number of degrees of freedom, they cannot be applied directly to multi-body dynamics ensuring computational performance. Therefore, condensation methods need to be applied which result in a reduced model with equivalent dynamical properties. This is particularly important if detailed, highly non-linear contact dynamic models, for instance the well-known Reynolds equation, are considered. Typically, condensation methods are applied to structural matrices of bodies which perform only vibration motions without any global motions. This study outlines a floating frame of reference formulation for condensed components, which perform global motions in addition to the vibration motions. For this purpose, non-linear inertia terms of the reduced body, which result from the global motions need to be computed considering the applied reduction strategy. Both the theoretical background of the formulation and some application examples of the method will be discussed.