bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DEFINITION OF THE OPTIMUM FREEZING TIME POSTMORTEM FOR MANUFACTURING PORK MEAT
Authors: YU X.L. , LI X.B. , XU X.L. , ZHOU G.H. , BOLES J.A. 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACT Paired experimental design was adopted to investigate the quality difference between pork meat frozen at different times postmortem. Freezing loss, thawing loss, cooking loss, pressing loss, protein solubility, pH and scanning electron microscopy of the meat were measured. Freezing meat 45 min postmortem significantly reduced total loss, thawing loss, cooking loss and pressing loss when compared with meat frozen at 4 and 24 h postmortem. Freezing meat 4 h postmortem also significantly reduced these traits except for pressing loss when compared with meat frozen at 24 h postmortem. So, freezing meat closer to slaughter resulted in higher water‐holding capacity. Sarcoplasmic protein solubility of pork meat was significantly higher in meat frozen at 45 min than meat frozen at 4 and 24 h postmortem, and 4 h than 24 h; while the total protein solubility and myofibrillar protein solubility were lower in meat frozen at 45 min postmortem. Increasing the time postmortem before freezing resulted in larger interspaces between fibers of fresh muscle, and led to more and larger intercellular ice crystals, and so decreased the water‐holding capacity of the frozen and thawed meat. No differences were seen in the scanning electron micrographs of thawed meat samples frozen at different times postmortem and thawed under the same conditions. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSFrozen storage is an economically favorable way of meat storage. Most of the research had concentrated on freezing temperature or freezing rates, and many researchers had no requirement on the rigor state of the meat before freezing or held the postmortem time constant. No research reported the effects of freezing meat at different times postmortem on the water‐holding capacity and structure of pork. In our experiment, we found that the earlier after slaughter the meat was frozen, the better the water‐holding capacity. So for manufacturing pork meat it would be better to freeze it earlier after slaughter to lower the amount of total loss, including thawing loss, freezing loss, cooking loss and pressing loss, and enhance the eating quality and the monetary value and improve the freezing procedure. These provide a valuable datum for meat freezing.
Endothelial cell lumen and vascular guidance tunnel formation requires MT1-MMP–dependent proteolysis in 3-dimensional collagen matrices
Authors: Stratman Amber N. , Saunders W. Brian , Sacharidou Anastasia , Koh Wonshill , Fisher Kevin E. , Zawieja David C. , Davis Michael J. , Davis George E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractHere we show that endothelial cells (EC) require matrix type 1-metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) for the formation of lumens and tube networks in 3-dimensional (3D) collagen matrices. A fundamental consequence of EC lumen formation is the generation of vascular guidance tunnels within collagen matrices through an MT1-MMP-dependent proteolytic process. Vascular guidance tunnels represent a conduit for EC motility within these spaces (a newly remodeled 2D matrix surface) to both assemble and remodel tube structures. Interestingly, it appears that twice as many tunnel spaces are created than are occupied by tube networks after several days of culture. After tunnel formation, these spaces represent a 2D migratory surface within 3D collagen matrices allowing for EC migration in an MMP-independent fashion. Blockade of EC lumenogenesis using inhibitors that interfere with the process (eg, integrin, MMP, PKC, Src) completely abrogates the formation of vascular guidance tunnels. Thus, the MT1-MMP-dependent proteolytic process that creates tunnel spaces is directly and functionally coupled to the signaling mechanisms required for EC lumen and tube network formation. In summary, a fundamental and previously unrecognized purpose of EC tube morphogenesis is to create networks of matrix conduits that are necessary for EC migration and tube remodeling events critical to blood vessel assembly.
Rate of Discordant Findings in Bilateral Temporal Artery Biopsy to Diagnose Giant Cell Arteritis
Authors: BREUER GABRIEL S. , NESHER GIDEON , NESHER RONIT 
Published: April 2009

Objective.To determine to what extent performing simultaneous bilateral temporal artery biopsies might increase the diagnostic sensitivity in giant cell arteritis (GCA).Methods.In total 173 consecutive pathology reports of temporal artery biopsies were reviewed for histological findings by a single pathologist. The rate of discordance of biopsy results was calculated in patients with GCA.Results.Biopsies were performed bilaterally and simultaneously in 132 cases; 51 had positive results. In 38 the biopsy was positive on both sides (concordant results), while in 13 patients only one side was positive (discordant results), reaching a discordance rate of 13/51 = 0.255. Therefore 12.7% of the patients (one-half of the discordance rate) could have been misdiagnosed as biopsy-negative had a biopsy been done only unilaterally in those 51 cases.Conclusion.These data suggest that performing bilateral temporal artery biopsies increases the diagnostic sensitivity of the procedure by up to 12.7%, compared to unilateral biopsies.
Effectiveness, Safety, and Predictors of Good Clinical Response in 1250 Patients Treated with Adalimumab for Active Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: RUDWALEIT MARTIN , CLAUDEPIERRE PASCAL , WORDSWORTH PAUL , CORTINA EDUARDO LOZA , SIEPER JOACHIM , KRON MARTINA , CARCERERI-DE-PRATI ROBERTO , KUPPER HARTMUT , KARY SONJA 
Published: April 2009

Objective.We evaluated the effectiveness and safety of adalimumab in a large cohort of patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and identified clinical predictors of good clinical response.Methods.Patients with active AS [Bath AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) ≥4] received adalimumab 40 mg every other week in addition to their standard antirheumatic therapies in a multinational 12-week, open-label study. We used 3 definitions of good clinical response: 50% improvement in the BASDAI (BASDAI = 50), 40% improvement in the ASsessments of SpondyloArthritis International Society criteria (ASAS40), or ASAS partial remission. Response predictors were determined by logistic regression with backward elimination (selection level 5%).Results.Of 1250 patients, 1159 (92.7%) completed 12 weeks of adalimumab treatment. At Week 12, 57.2% of patients achieved BASDAI 50, 53.7% achieved ASAS40, and 27.7% achieved ASAS partial remission. Important predictors of good clinical response (BASDAI 50, ASAS40, and partial remission) were younger age (p < 0.001), and greater C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration (p ≤ 0.001), HLA-B27 positivity (p ≤ 0.01), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonist naivety (p < 0.001).Conclusion.Adalimumab was effective in this large cohort of patients with AS, with more than half of patients achieving a BASDAI 50 or ASAS40 response and more than a quarter of patients reaching partial remission at Week 12.Younger age, greater CRP concentrations, HLA-B27 positivity, and TNF antagonist naivety were strongly associated with BASDAI 50, ASAS40, and partial remission responses. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00478660.
Selection of Transfected Mammalian Cells
Authors: Mortensen Richard M. , Kingston Robert E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTo determine the function of a gene in vitro, expression in heterologous cells is often employed. This can be done by transient expression, but often requires a more permanent expression of the gene and the creation of a cell line. This process can involve decisions as to the nature of construct used for expression, and invariably uses some strategy to select the transfected cells. Typically, these strategies use one of a number of genes that confer resistance to an added drug that will kill untransfected cells but not the transfected cells (positive selection). Alternatively, sometimes the strategy uses a gene that will confer sensitivity to a compound and kills the transfected cells (negative selection). This chapter discusses some of the strategies and genes used in creating cell line for in vitro study of gene function. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 86:9.5.1‐9.5.13. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Well‐Defined Silica‐Supported Mo–Alkylidene Catalyst Precursors Containing One OR Substituent: Methods of Preparation and Structure–Reactivity Relationship in Alkene Metathesis
Authors: Rendón Nuria , Berthoud Romain , Blanc Frédéric , Gajan David , Maishal Tarun , Basset Jean‐Marie , Copéret Christophe , Lesage Anne , Emsley Lyndon , Marinescu Smaranda C. , Singh Rojendra , Schrock Richard R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSilica supports: Well‐defined silica‐supported Mo–alkylidene complexes containing one alkoxy/aryloxy substituent are selectively obtained by grafting onto silica either well‐defined molecular bis(alkoxy) or alkoxyamido complexes (see scheme). These silica‐supported complexes are highly efficient catalyst precursors for the metathesis of acyclic alkenes. However, they display poor performances in ring‐closing metathesis reactions, possibly due to the relatively large siloxy ligand (silica) inducing a greater rigidity.magnified imageThe monosiloxy surface complexes [(SiO)Mo(NAr)(=CHCMe2R′)(OR)] (R′=Me or Ph; OR=OtBu, OCMe(CF3)2 or OAr) are obtained by grafting onto SiO2−(700) either symmetric Mo–alkylidene derivatives [Mo(NAr)(=CHCMe2R′)(OR)2] or asymmetric derivatives, that is, with two different pendant ligands, one amido and one alkoxy/aryloxy, [Mo(NAr)(=CHCMe2R′)(OR)(NC6H8)]. The formation of these complexes was confirmed by mass‐balance analysis, and infrared (IR) and NMR spectroscopies. These systems are highly efficient catalyst precursors for the metathesis of acyclic alkenes; the best results were seen when OR=OCMe(CF3)2. Nevertheless, they display poor performances in ring‐closing metathesis, possibly due to the rigidity of the metal center (as evidenced by NMR spectroscopy), which therefore slows the rate of the metathesis.
Nucleophilic displacement of aromatic fluorine, Part III, indoloquinolines and benzofuranoquinolines
Authors: Walser Armin , Silverman Gladys , Flynn Thomas , Fryer R. Ian 
Published: April 2009

AbstractVariously substituted indolo[2,3‐c]quinolines, benzofurano[2,3‐c]quinolines and their positional isomers indolo[3,2‐c]quinolines and benzofurano[3,2‐c]quinolines respectively, were prepared from both indole and quinoline derivatives by intramolecular nucleophilic displacement of aromatic fluorine. The formation of an indolo[2,3‐d]benzazepine was also observed.
Reaction of pyromeconic acid with β‐diazopropionic ester. Synthesis and attempted cyclization of β‐(4H‐pyran‐4‐on‐3‐yloxy)propionic acid
Authors: Looker James H. , Brannigan Lawrence H. , Prokop Robert J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA procedure which utilizes a special sublimate condenser for preparation of pyromeconic acid (I) by decarboxylation of either meconic or comenic acid is reported. O‐Alkylation of pyromeconic acid with ethyl β‐diazopropionate ex situ yields ethyl β‐(4H‐pyran‐4‐on‐3‐yloxy)‐propionate (II), acidic hydrolysis of which affords the free acid III. The acid III is refractory to ring‐closure to a chromanone analog IV under a wide range of acidic conditions. O‐Allylation of 1 gives 3‐allyloxy‐4H‐pyran‐4‐one (V) as a low‐melting crystalline solid.
Benzomorphan related compounds. II. New synthesis route to thienomorphans
Authors: Bosch J. , Granados R. , López F. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA new synthesis route to α‐2,5,9‐trimethylthieno[3,2‐f]morphan and two analogous compounds from cyanopyridines and 2‐thienyllithium is described. Spectroscopic data of these substances and their intermediates are included.
Mechanism of the waller reaction. Investigation of methods for the synthesis of pteridines
Authors: Temple Carroll , Rose Jerry D. , Montgomery John A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe preparation of aminopterin analogs via 6‐halomethylpteridine intermediates either were unsuccessful or gave low yields of pteridines by reaction of 2,4,5,6‐tetraaminopyrimidine (1) with 2,3‐dibromopropionaldehyde (2), 1,1,3‐trichloroacetone (11), and 1,1,3‐tribromoacetone (12), respectively. Similarly, the preparation of a 6‐formylpteridine was unsuccessful by the alkylation of 1 with bromomalonaldehyde and by the addition of the 5‐acetyl derivative of 1 to 2‐bromopropenal (17). In contrast, the oxidation of 2,4‐diaminopteridine‐6‐methanol (23) with N,N′‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide gave the corresponding 6‐formylpteridine 20.In related work, a mechanism for the Waller reaction was suggested by the identification of some of the products resulting from the reaction of 2‐bromopropenal with p‐aminobenzoyl derivatives.
Synthesis of purine‐like ring systems derived from 1,2,6‐thiadiazine 1,1‐dioxide
Authors: García‐Muñoz G. , Madroñero R. , Ochoa C. , Stud M. , Pfleiderer W. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract7‐Amino‐1H,4H‐imidazo[2,3‐c][1,2,6]thiadiazine 5,5‐dioxide was prepared by a multi‐step reaction sequence form 3,5‐diamino‐4H‐1,2,6‐thiadiazine 1,1‐dioxide. 7‐Amino‐4H‐furazano‐[3,4‐c][1,2,6]thiadiazine 5,5‐dioxide was obtained by lead tetraacetate oxidation of 3,5‐diamino‐4‐hydroxyimino‐4H‐1,2,6‐thiadiazine 1,1‐dioxide.
Régiospécificite et stéréosélectivite de la cycloaddition de l'oxyde de benzonitrile sur la phényl‐5 A‐3‐pyrazoline
Authors: Aspisi C. , Gibert J.‐P. , Petrus C. , Petrus F. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractLa cycloaddition de l'oxyde de benzonitrile sur la diméthyl‐1,2 phényl‐5 A‐3‐pyrazoline est un exemple de réaction régiospécifique et stéréoselective. La structure des diméthyl‐5,6 diphényl‐3,4 pyrazolidino[4,3‐d]isoxazoline‐2 épiméres est démontree. Le passage à l'isomére le plus stable est réalisé et discuté.
The effect of solvents on the electronic absorption spectra of mesoionic 1,8,4 thiadiazolium‐2‐thiolate derivatives
Authors: Kiwan A. M. , Marafie H. M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe electronic absorption spectra of 4,5‐diphenyl‐, 4‐pheriyl‐5‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐, 4‐phenyl‐5‐(4‐chlorophenyI)‐, and 4‐phenyl‐.5‐methyl‐1,3,4‐lhiadiazolium‐2‐thiolates have been measured in twenty‐one pure solvents, aqueous ethanol and acetone solutions and cyclohexane‐chloroform mixtures. They were found to exhibit three characteristic absorption bands; the first in the range 330‐440 nm, the second at 260‐280 run and the third near 200 ran. The first band was assigned to n → π* transition whereas the other two bands were assigned to π →π* transition. The n → π* transition band was found to be very sensitive, and the polarity of solvents, and some correlations between well‐known solvent polarity parameters and the transition energies of these compounds have been presented.
The myelinated fiber changes in the white matter of aged female Long‐Evans rats
Authors: Yang Shu , Li Chen , Lu Wei , Zhang Wei , Wang Weiwei , Tang Yong 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAge‐related changes of the white matter and the myelinated fibers in white matter of female Long‐Evans rats were investigated by the use of design‐based stereological methods. The white matter volume in middle‐aged rats was not significantly different from that in young rats, but the white matter volume in aged rats was significantly decreased by 42.7% and 37.7%, respectively, when compared with young and middle‐aged rats. When compared with young rats, the total volumes of the myelinated fibers and myelin sheaths in white matter of aged rats were significantly decreased by 26.7% and 30.7%, respectively. When compared with young and middle‐aged rats, the total length of the myelinated fibers in white matter of aged rats was significantly decreased by 52.5% and 48.6%, respectively. The mean diameter of the myelinated fibers in white matter of aged rats was significantly increased by 37.5% when compared with young rats. The absolute diameter distributions of the myelinated fiber length in the white matter of young, middle‐aged, and aged rats indicated that the age‐related loss of the myelinated fiber length in the white matter of aged rats was mainly as a result of the marked loss of the myelinated fibers with smaller diameter. The age‐related changes of the white matter and the myelinated fibers in white matter may have important implications for age‐related cognitive impairments. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proteome profile of the mature rat olfactory bulb
Authors: Maurya Devendra Kumar , Sundaram Curam Sreenivasacharlu , Bhargava Purnima 
Published: April 2009

AbstractOlfactory bulbs (OBs) are one of the few brain areas, which show active neurogenesis and neuronal migration processes in adult rats. We constructed a proteome map of the 21 days old rat OBs and identified total 196 proteins, out of which 76 proteins were not reported earlier from rat brain. This includes 24 neuronal activity‐specific proteins present at high levels, 7 of which are reported for the first time from OBs.
Factors associated with maternal death in women admitted to an intensive care unit with severe maternal morbidity
Authors: Oliveira Neto Antonio F. , Parpinelli Mary A. , Cecatti José G. , Souza João P. , Sousa Maria H. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo identify factors associated with maternal death among women with severe maternal morbidity.MethodsA retrospective study of 673 women admitted to an obstetric intensive care unit was undertaken. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated for selected characteristics. The maternal mortality and severe maternal morbidity ratios were determined for groups of complications according to outcome (death or survival).ResultsThe risk of maternal death was higher among adolescents (OR 3.3; 95% CI, 1–9.7) and patients referred from other hospitals (OR 9.8; 95% CI, 2.7–53.3). The severe maternal morbidity ratio was 46.6 per 1000 deliveries and the mortality:morbidity ratio 1:37.4. Obstetric complications led to 65.8% of admissions and 50% of maternal deaths. The number of interventions/procedures and total maximum sequential organ failure assessment score were higher in cases of death.ConclusionThe strong association between interhospital transfer and maternal death suggests delays in diagnosis, management, and referral. Adopting organ dysfunction‐based criteria may contribute toward identifying the most severe cases.
Complex Period Variations of the Neglected W UMa-type Binary System NY Lyrae
Authors: Qian S.-B. , Liu L. , Zhu L.-Y. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractOrbital-period variations of the neglected W UMa-type binary star, NY Lyr, were analyzed based on two newly determined eclipse times together with the others compiled from the literature. A cyclic oscillation with a period of 82.1 yr and an amplitude of 0.0247 d was discovered to be superimposed on a continuous period increase (dP/dt = +1.33 × 10−7 d yr−1). After the long-term period increase and the large-amplitude cyclic oscillation were removed from the O–C diagram, the residuals suggest that there is another small-amplitude period oscillation (A4 = 0.0053 d, P4 = 19.4 years) in the orbital period changes. As in the cases of AH Cnc and AD Cnc, both the continuous period increase and the two cyclic period oscillations make NY Lyr an interesting system to study in the future. In order to understand the evolutionary state of the binary system, new photometric and spectroscopic observations and a careful investigation on those data are needed.
EXTENDING THE CHILLED SHELF LIFE OF VACUUM‐PACKAGED GROUND BEEF USING ASCORBIC ACID, NITRITE OR SALT
Authors: GÖK VELI , KAYAARDI SEMRA , OBUZ ERSEL 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to extend the shelf life of ground beef in chilled conditions. Samples were treated with 2% salt, 2% salt + 500‐ppm ascorbic acid, or 2% salt + 100‐ppm sodium nitrite. The control sample did not contain any additives. Protein, nitrite, moisture contents, pH, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value, color attributes and microbial counts of samples were determined. Samples were vacuum packaged and stored in refrigeration, and chemical and microbial analyses were performed throughout storage. The pH of samples decreased during storage, and the sample having 2% salt and 500‐ppm ascorbic acid had the greatest pH decline. TBA values generally increased (P < 0.05) with storage time. Samples having 2% salt + 500‐ppm ascorbic acid had the lowest TBA value. On a given storage day, samples having 2% salt + 100‐ppm sodium nitrite had lower microbial microbial count than other samples, indicating the antibacterial effect of nitrite. A significant storage time × treatment interaction (P < 0.05) existed for almost all quality parameters studied.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSGround beef has commercial importance for the meat industry in Turkey. Meat processors have difficulties in marketing ground beef because of its relatively low shelf life. By adding ascorbic acid or salt, it is possible to extend shelf life and preserve its color, and to limit lipid oxidation, which will collectively help to increase market share of ground beef.
Mauritian Cynomolgus Macaques Share Two Exceptionally Common Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Alleles That Restrict Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8+T Cells
Authors: Burwitz Benjamin J. , Pendley Chad J. , Greene Justin M. , Detmer Ann M. , Lhost Jennifer J. , Karl Julie A. , Piaskowski Shari M. , Rudersdorf Richard A. , Wallace Lyle T. , Bimber Benjamin N. , Loffredo John T. , Cox Daryl G. , Bardet Wilfried , Hildebrand William , Wiseman Roger W. , O'Connor Shelby L. , O'Connor David H. 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTVaccines that elicit CD8+T-cell responses are routinely tested for immunogenicity in nonhuman primates before advancement to clinical trials. Unfortunately, the magnitude and specificity of vaccine-elicited T-cell responses are variable in currently utilized nonhuman primate populations, owing to heterogeneity in major histocompatibility (MHC) class I genetics. We recently showed that Mauritian cynomolgus macaques (MCM) have unusually simple MHC genetics, with three common haplotypes encoding a shared pair of MHC class IA alleles,Mafa-A*25andMafa-A*29. Based on haplotype frequency, we hypothesized that CD8+T-cell responses restricted by these MHC class I alleles would be detected in nearly all MCM. We examine here the frequency and functionality of these two alleles, showing that 88% of MCM expressMafa-A*25andMafa-A*29and that animals carrying these alleles mount three newly defined simian immunodeficiency virus-specific CD8+T-cell responses. The epitopes recognized by each of these responses accumulated substitutions consistent with immunologic escape, suggesting these responses exert antiviral selective pressure. The demonstration thatMafa-A*25andMafa-A*29restrict CD8+T-cell responses that are shared among nearly all MCM indicates that these animals are an advantageous nonhuman primate model for comparing the immunogenicity of vaccines that elicit CD8+T-cell responses.