bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and characterization of a novel set of microsatellite markers for Arisaema serratum (Araceae)
Authors: Nishizawa Toru , Watano Yasuyuki , Kinoshita Eiichiro , Kawahara Takayuki , Nakajima Nobuyoshi 
Published: November 2011

• Premise of the study: We developed novel microsatellite markers in Arisaema serratum, a perennial herb that possesses pitfall flowers and exhibits labile sex expression, to facilitate research on parentage and pollination biology in this species.• Methods and Results: By using procedures for enrichment of desired microsatellite‐containing fragments and PCR‐based isolation of microsatellite arrays, we detected 18 novel microsatellite loci. Thirteen were highly polymorphic: the number of alleles per locus ranged from six to 46, the observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.320 to 0.940, and the expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.440 to 0.976. Nine of the 13 markers successfully amplified regions in congeneric species.• Conclusions: These highly polymorphic markers will facilitate further studies on the mode of pollination and other aspects of reproductive biology in A. serratum.
Criminal policy and legislative techniques in criminal law on biotechnology
Authors: Romeo-Casabona Carlos María 
Published: November 2011

La question de l’utilité voire de l’efficacité du droit pénal comme outil de lutte contre les conduites socialement indésirables qui résulteraient de la biotechnologie, a été abordée. Cette discussion nécessite d’être appréhendée à l’aune d’un autre débat, beaucoup plus vaste, concernant la légitimité des moyens d’intervention du droit pénal post-moderne face aux nouveaux dangers et risques relatifs à des activités plus complexes au sein de la société. Il est vrai qu’il apparaît difficile d’établir de manière concrète et compréhensible une relation entre les biens légaux et la plupart de ces activités. Au lieu de cela, le profil de ces biens demeure imprécis et vague, notamment si ces derniers sont de nature collective. Il apparaît également que l’objectif consiste en la simple prévention de certains risques indéterminés sans que ceux-ci soient susceptibles de porter préjudice aux biens légaux, créant par la même une certaine distance entre le droit pénal et le principe afflictif. Dans cette perspective, il est également avancé que le droit pénal est devenu un simple moyen punitif permettant de gérer les risques en général et s’est transformé en une sorte de « Droit Administratif » tant les caractéristiques susvisées constituent les devoirs de ce droit. Si tel est le cas, le droit pénal perdra assurément son effet préventif. Relégué à une fonction purement symbolique, il manquera indéniablement d’authenticité. Les difficultés que présentent les nouvelles infractions dans le domaine des biotechnologies exigent que le législateur agisse avec une extrême délicatesse. L’efficacité de la réponse préventive s’agissant de ces infractions, leur justification politico-juridique ainsi que le fait qu’elles puissent être ou non ignorées en raison de leur effet purement symbolique dépendra finalement de la technique législative utilisée. Il s’agira notamment de déterminer si cette dernière établit des définitions ainsi que des sanctions appropriées et pertinentes pour ce type d’incriminations.
Le groupe european criminal policy initiative et le « manifeste pour une politique criminelle européenne »
Authors: Leblois-Happe Jocelyne 
Published: November 2011

Bien qu’elle refuse de déduire du droit à la vie un « droit diamétralement opposé, à savoir un droit à mourir », la Cour européenne des droits de l’Homme n’hésite pas à consacrer un droit de choisir sa mort en tant que résultante de l’« autonomie personnelle » issue de l’article 8 de la Convention. Malgré tout, la marge d’appréciation reconnue aux États dans la mise en œuvre de ce droit vient en nuancer l’effectivité sans, pour autant, dissiper les craintes liées à la reconnaissance d’un tel « droit négatif ».
Central Corneal Thickness and Biomechanical Changes After Clear Corneal Phacoemulsification
Authors: de Freitas Valbon Bruno , Ventura Marcelo Palis , da Silva Renata Siqueira , Canedo Ana Laura , Velarde Guillermo Coca , Ambrósio Renato 
Published: November 2011

PURPOSE:
To evaluate central corneal thickness (CCT) and ocular biomechanical properties in patients before and after clear corneal phacoemulsification.

METHODS:
Corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), corneal-compensated intraocular pressure (IOPcc), and Goldmann-correlated IOP (IOPg) were measured with the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA; Reichert Ophthalmic Instruments) in 36 consecutive patients (47 eyes) who underwent clear corneal phacoemulsification. Central corneal thickness was measured with the Pentacam (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH). All measurements were performed prior to surgery and at follow-up at 1, 7, and 30 days postoperatively.

RESULTS:

Central corneal thickness was higher at 1 and 7 days compared to preoperatively (
P
<.05) but not at 30 days. Corneal hysteresis was lower at 1 day than preoperatively (
P
<.05) but not at 7 and 30 days. Corneal resistance factor was lower at 1, 7, and 30 days compared to preoperatively (
P
<.05). Corneal-compensated IOP was slightly lower at 1, 7, and 30 days compared to preoperatively, but was not statistically significant (
P
>.05). Goldmann-correlated IOP was statistically significantly lower at 1 and 7 days than preoperatively (
P
<.05).

CONCLUSIONS:
Clear corneal phacoemulsification led to a change in ocular biomechanical properties. The increase in CCT after phacoemulsification was followed by a reduction in CRF and CH. Mean IOPcc was similar before and after phacoemulsification, indicating that IOPcc may be a more accurate indicator of true IOP than IOPg.
VISA Is Required for B Cell Expression of TLR7
Authors: Xu Liang-Guo , Jin Lei , Zhang Bi-Cheng , Akerlund Linda J. , Shu Hong-Bing , Cambier John C. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
B cells play a critical role in the initialization and development of the systemic lupus erythematosus that is dependent on the expression of the endosomal ssRNA receptor TLR7. Previous studies have established that B cell expression of TLR7 is controlled by the type I IFN secreted by plasmacytoid dendritic cells. In this article, we report that VISA, also known as MAVS, IPS-1, and CardIf, essential for RIG-I/MDA5-mediated signaling following sensing of cytosolic RNA, regulate B cell expression of TLR7 and CD23. We found that B cells from a VISA−/− mouse express reduced TLR7 but normal basal levels of type I IFN. We also show that although IFN-β and TLR7 agonists synergize to promote TLR7 expression in VISA−/− B cells, they do not fully complement the defect seen in VISA−/− cells. Cell transfer experiments revealed that the observed effects of VISA−/− are B cell intrinsic. The reduced TLR7 expression in B cells is correlated with impaired TLR7 agonist-induced upregulation of activation markers CD69 and CD86, cell proliferation, production of IFN-α, TNF, and IL-12, and NF-κB activation. Finally, studies indicate that genetic background may influence the observed phenotype of our VISA−/− mice, because VISA−/− B cells differ in CD23 and TLR7 expression when on C57BL/6 versus 129Sv-C57BL/6 background. Thus, our findings suggest an unexpected link between VISA-mediated cytosolic RLR signaling and autoimmunity.
Altered B Cell Homeostasis Is Associated with Type I Diabetes and Carriers of the PTPN22 Allelic Variant
Authors: Habib Tania , Funk Andrew , Rieck Mary , Brahmandam Archana , Dai Xuezhi , Panigrahi Anil K. , Luning Prak Eline T. , Meyer-Bahlburg Almut , Sanda Srinath , Greenbaum Carla , Rawlings David J. , Buckner Jane H. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The PTPN22 genetic variant 1858T, encoding Lyp620W, is associated with multiple autoimmune disorders for which the production of autoantibodies is a common feature, suggesting a loss of B cell tolerance. Lyp620W results in blunted BCR signaling in memory B cells. Because BCR signal strength is tightly coupled to central and peripheral tolerance, we examined whether Lyp620W impacts peripheral B cell homeostasis in healthy individuals heterozygous for the PTPN221858T variant. We found that these subjects display alterations in the composition of the B cell pool that include specific expansion of the transitional and anergic IgD+IgM−CD27− B cell subsets. The PTPN22 1858T variant was further associated with significantly diminished BCR signaling and a resistance to apoptosis in both transitional and naive B cells. Strikingly, parallel changes in both BCR signaling and composition of B cell compartment were observed in type 1 diabetic subjects, irrespective of PTPN22 genotype, revealing a novel immune phenotype and likely shared mechanisms leading to a loss of B cell tolerance. Our combined findings suggest that Lyp620W-mediated effects, due in part to the altered BCR signaling threshold, contribute to breakdown of peripheral tolerance and the entry of autoreactive B cells into the naive B cell compartment.
The Effectiveness of Nutrition Education and Labeling in Dutch Supermarkets
Authors: Steenhuis Ingrid , van Assema Patricia , van Breukelen Gerard , Glanz Karen 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. Nutrition education and labeling may help consumers to eat less fat. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of nutrition education with and without shelf labeling on reduced fat intake in Dutch supermarkets. Methods. The design consisted of a randomized, pretest-posttest, experimental control group design. In total, 2203 clients of 13 supermarkets were included in the sample. Total fat intake of clients and behavioral determinants of eating less fat were measured by a questionnaire. A mixed-effect regression model was used for the analysis. Results. No significant effects were found for the educational intervention, alone or with the labeling, on total fat intake and the psychosocial determinants of eating less fat. Conclusion. Nutrition education and labeling of low-fat food products in supermarkets did not prove to be effective strategies. The fact that the supermarket is a highly competitive environment may have accounted for this lack of effect.
Estimating the Economic Impact of Secondhand Smoke on the Health of a Community
Authors: Zollinger Terrell W. , Saywell Robert M. , Overgaard Amanda D. , Jay Stephen J. , Holloway Angela M. , Cummings Sandra F. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. This study provides a model to estimate the health-related costs of secondhand smoke exposure at a community level. Model Development. Costs of secondhand smoke–related mortality and morbidity were estimated using national attributable risk values for diseases that are causally related to secondhand smoke exposure for adults and children. Estimated costs included ambulatory care costs, hospital inpatient costs, and loss of life costs based on vital statistics, hospital discharge data, and census data. Application of the Model. The model was used to estimate health-related costs estimates of secondhand smoke exposure for Marion County, Indiana. Attributable risk values were applied to the number of deaths and hospital discharges to determine the number of individuals impacted by secondhand smoke exposure. Results. The overall cost of health care and premature loss of life attributed to secondhand smoke for the study county was estimated to be $53.9 million in 2000—$10.5 million in health care costs and $20.3 million in loss of life for children compared with $6.2 million in health care costs and $16.9 million in loss of life for adults. This amounted to $62.68 per capita. Conclusions. This method may be replicated in other counties to provide data needed to educate the public and community leaders about the health effects and costs of secondhand smoke exposure.
Self Exposure to Secondhand Smoke among Prenatal Smokers, Abstainers, and Nonsmokers
Authors: Dunn Caroline L. , Pirie Phyllis L. , Hellerstedt Wendy L. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. Prenatal smoking cessation will not eliminate health risks if women continue to be exposed to passive smoking. This study compared the risks of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure for low-income prenatal nonsmokers, abstainers, and smokers. Methods. A questionnaire was administered to 225 pregnant women. Exposure to six sources of SHS was compared across smoking groups using chi-square and multivariate logistic regression. Results. In adjusted analyses, patterns of SHS exposure were consistent. Abstainers were at lower risk of exposure than smokers for all sources except for having a partner who smoked. Abstainers were at higher risk of exposure than nonsmokers for most sources. For example, 11.7% of nonsmokers were exposed to <4 hours of SHS daily compared with 33.3% of abstainers (adjusted odds ratio = .32, 95% confidence interval = .12–.88). Mean number of exposures for nonsmokers, abstainers, and smokers were 1.4, 2.7, and 4.2, respectively (p < .001). Discussion. Interventions need to address the full range of health risks posed by cigarette smoke exposure during pregnancy.
Review of the Studies Cited in the DataBase Section of the American Journal of Health Promotion
Authors: Adams Troy B. , Keup Sarah M. , Anderson David R. , Brockmann April M. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose of the Review. To analyze the characteristics of the articles reviewed in the DataBase section of the American Journal of Health Promotion and to summarize this review in tabular format. Data Sources. All 350 entries in the American Journal of Health Promotion DataBase section beginning with issue 1:3 (Winter 1987) through issue 17:3 (January/February 2003) were included in this review. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria. Every study summarized in the DataBase section was included. Five duplicate sets of entries existed in the DataBase section. One entry from each set was excluded based upon author consensus. Thus, this review includes 345 unique entries. Data Extraction Methods. All data reported in the DataBase section (e.g., sample sizes, measurement tools, study duration), as well as additional data derived directly from the studies (i.e., cross-sectional versus longitudinal study design, unit of analysis, and study topic) were entered in SPSS 11.5 for PC (SPSS, Inc, Chicago, Illinois). Data Synthesis. Data were synthesized to identify the frequency of entry by research question, research design and internal validity rating, unit of analysis, measurement tool(s), and health topics addressed. Major Conclusions. The majority of articles included in the DataBase received the highest research design rating, had robust sample sizes, and were of a meaningful duration. Additionally, a wide variety of topics were addressed. Overall, these strengths indicate that a solid foundation of research has been established on many of the most critical issues facing the health promotion field.
Mass Casualty Response in the 2008 Mumbai Terrorist Attacks
Authors: Roy Nobhojit , Kapil Vikas , Subbarao Italo , Ashkenazi Isaac 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTObjectives: The November 26-29, 2008, terrorist attacks on Mumbai were unique in its international media attention, multiple strategies of attack, and the disproportionate national fear they triggered. Everyone was a target: random members of the general population, iconic targets, and foreigners alike were under attack by the terrorists.Methods: A retrospective, descriptive study of the distribution of terror victims to various city hospitals, critical radius, surge capacity, and the nature of specialized medical interventions was gathered through police, legal reports, and interviews with key informants.Results: Among the 172 killed and 304 injured people, about four-fifths were men (average age, 33 years) and 12% were foreign nationals. The case-fatality ratio for this event was 2.75:1, and the mortality rate among those who were critically injured was 12%. A total of 38.5% of patients arriving at the hospitals required major surgical intervention. Emergency surgical operations were mainly orthopedic (external fixation for compound fractures) and general surgical interventions (abdominal explorations for penetrating bullet/shrapnel injuries).Conclusions: The use of heavy-duty automatic weapons, explosives, hostages, and arson in these terrorist attacks alerts us to new challenges to medical counterterrorism response. The need for building central medical control for a coordinated response and for strengthening public hospital capacity are lessons learned for future attacks. These particular terrorist attacks had global consequences, in terms of increased security checks and alerts for and fears of further similar “Mumbai-style” attacks. The resilience of the citizens of Mumbai is a critical measure of the long-term effects of terror attacks.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:273–279)
Early American Avant‐Garde Cinema
Authors: Horak Jan‐Christopher 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAvant‐garde film movements can only be historically circumscribed if they are constituted in terms of production, distribution, exhibition, and reception. Their place in the history of cinema should not only be gauged according to their individual aesthetic achievements, but also in terms of the myriad contexts of their reception. In addition to my own work, histories of the avant‐garde by Paul Arthur, David James, and Scott MacDonald have employed such a strategy. In contrast, avant‐garde film histories by P. Adams Sitney and Jonas Mekas have served polemical argument and the aesthetic legitimization of filmmakers enshrined in their canon, thus eliminating discontinuities and dead ends, which necessarily mark a film form based on individual modes of production. Contemporary reception of such work was sporadic, exhibition venues rising and falling — oftentimes victims of larger economic forces — while publications dedicated to the film avant‐garde, too, appear more fragile than those catering to commercial markets.
The Screwball Comedy
Authors: Rothman William 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWhen the “talkie” sounded the death knell for what film historians like to call “the Golden Age of Silent Cinema,” no one could foresee that it was ringing in a new “Golden Age.” The expressive cinematic qualities epitomized by F. W. Murnau'sSunrise(1927) seemed incompatible with the primitive sound equipment. The awkwardness of the static camera setups of the earliest talking pictures was exacerbated by stagy acting that resulted, in part, from the studios' belief that talking pictures required theatrically trained voices. As the novelty of talking pictures wore off, attendance slumped. With the economy falling off a cliff, the expensive conversion to sound threatened to bankrupt Hollywood.
Authorship and Billy Wilder
Authors: Sklar Robert 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe thirty years' war over authorship in film culture, fought from the 1950s through the 1980s, may seem as remote in retrospect as the original Thirty Years' War of the seventeenth century. Who were its partisans? What was at stake? Did anyone win or lose, or did it just peter out from exhaustion or from some sort of truce? And does any of it still matter?
A study on using of protease for removal of animal glue adhesive in textile conservation
Authors: Ahmed Harby E. , Kolisis Fragiskos N. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAnimal glue has been used to fix historical textiles on paper, wood panels, or other rigid support materials. It is often present in shrunk, cracked, rigid, and brittle form because of the aged condition artifacts and may not provide enough adhesion for effective support causing damage to historical textiles. The biotechnological application of enzymes seems to be a very promising approach in the restoration of historical objects. In this experimental work, undertaken with modern linen and silk fabrics, interesting results have been obtained for the removal of animal glue by using the protease enzyme from Aspergillus oryzae. An extensive study was done in the enzymatic activity and efficiency for the removal of the animal glue from the textiles, as well as the effects of this treatment on mechanical and optical parameters of the textile fibers. The effect of protease on fibers is measured by Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis, scanning electron microscope, the CIE‐Lab values, ASTM method D5035, and XRD. The results showed that using protease in adhesive removal presented good results with a safe and a short treatment time when compared with the conventional methods. No significant changes on the linen and silk fabrics are observed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
The effect of solvent mixture on the properties of solvent cast polylactic acid (PLA) film
Authors: Byun Youngjae , Whiteside Scott , Thomas Ron , Dharman Mahalaxmi , Hughes Jeremy , Kim Young Teck 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effects of various solvents on the crystallinity and thermal expansion stability of PLA film. Three different PLA films were produced by the solvent casting technique; PLA in chloroform (PLA‐C), PLA in methylene chloride (PLA‐M), and PLA in methylene chloride: acetonitrile = 50: 50 (PLA‐MA). The PLA‐MA had higher % crystallinity, 46.15, than the PLA‐C, 24.03, and the PLA‐M, 14.25. With this increase in crystallinity, the PLA‐MA had improved thermal expansion stability as shown by very low accumulated dimensional changes at 20 to 100°C. Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction identified multiple crystalline structures for the PLA‐MA. Film barrier properties were also measured. PLA‐MA had the lowest oxygen permeability. However, there was no significant difference in water vapor permeability among the three PLA films. The mechanical property tests revealed that the PLA‐C and PLA‐M were ductile while the PLA‐MA was brittle in behavior. The PLA‐MA was very hazy as compared with the PLA‐C and PLA‐M. This work has shown that the PLA‐MA had increased % crystallinity and, more importantly, it had improved thermal expansion stability which can be very beneficial for the flexible packaging industry. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Effect of modified clay on the morphology and electric properties of PC/ABS‐MWCNT composites
Authors: Besco Stefano , Modesti Michele , Lorenzetti Alessandra , Donadi Stefano , McNally Tony 
Published: November 2011

AbstractComposites of MWCNTs and an organically modified partially synthetic layered silicate (OMLS) with PC/ABS were prepared by melt blending and the relationship between morphology and electric properties as a function of composite composition examined. The concept of double percolation was investigated and confirmed, as a consequence of CNT preferential segregation within one polymer phase (PC). A role of OMLS in hindering the formation of an effective electrically conductive network was observed above a certain clay loading, resulting in a shifting of electrical percolation threshold towards higher values. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
H∞ Static Output Feedback Control of 2‐D Discrete Systems in FM Second Model
Authors: Feng Zhi‐Yong , Xu Li , Wu Min , She Jin‐Hua 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe problem of H∞ static output feedback (SOF) control of two‐dimensional (2‐D) discrete systems described by the Fornasini‐Marchesini (FM) second model is investigated in this paper. First, by applying the 2‐D Bounded Real Lemma, the 2‐D H∞ SOF control problem is formulated in terms of a bilinear matrix inequality (BMI). Then, by combining the slack variable technique with two kinds of existing LMI methods, respectively, less conservative sufficient LMI conditions are proposed for the BMI formulation. The relation of these two kinds of LMI conditions are revealed by analyzing the choices of coordinate transformation matrices involved in the first kind of LMI conditions. Finally, a numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and merits of the proposed methods.