bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF SODIUM METABISULFITE AND CITRIC ACID ON THE QUALITY OF CRAYFISH (ASTACUS LEPTODACTYLUS)
Authors: MOL SÜHENDAN , TÜRKMEN ÖZGÜR AKKUŞ 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was the determination of the effect of sodium metabisulfite and citric acid on the quality of crayfish. The first group of crayfish (control) was boiled, chilled and packaged. The second group was treated with chemicals (100 g live crayfish for 1 L water, 0.1 g sodium metabisulfite and 0.5 g citric acid), then boiled, chilled and packaged. The last group was boiled with the same chemicals, chilled and packaged. Samples were stored at +4C. Treated samples were acceptable until the eighth day. However, the control samples spoiled according to the sensory analysis on the sixth day, and their pH, mesophilic and psychrophilic aerobic bacteria counts were (P < 0.05) higher than treated ones on that day. Using citric acid and sodium metabisulfite lower than the limits (50 mg/kg for cooked crustaceans according to Turkish and European Union legislations) improve the sensory quality and generally decrease the pH, mesophilic and psychrophilic aerobic bacteria counts of crayfish.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe results obtained from this study demonstrated that sodium metabisulfite and citric acid, used in limits determined by law, especially improve the sensory quality of crayfish. To maintain more remarkable results, using other chemicals with or without sodium metabisulfite and citric acid according to the legislations may be studied. These findings can be well utilized by researchers as well as manufacturers in their studies on improving the shelf life of crayfish. Based on our results, suitable methods of processing can be developed for improving the shelf life of crayfish.
A RESEARCH NOTE: EFFECT OF COOKING TEMPERATURE AND TIME ON COLOR AND GEL STRENGTH OF SURIMI‐LIKE PORK
Authors: KANG G.H. , JOO S.T. , PARK G.B. , CHOI S.G. , HAN C.Y. , KIM B.C. 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT The effect of the cooking temperatures (65, 70, 75, 80 and 85C) and the cooking time (15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 min) on color and gel strength of surimi‐like pork (SLP) derived from porcine semi‐membranosus muscle was investigated. The hardness value of SLP gel increased significantly with increasing cooking temperature. However, after 20 min cooking time at 75C, the gels did not significantly increase in hardness. Results implied that cooking time and temperature both had effects on color and gel strength of SLP. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of cooking temperature and cooking time on color and gel strength of surimi‐like pork. Cooking temperature and times are very important to manufacture of the surimi‐like pork.
EFFECT OF POSTMORTEM AGING AND HYDRODYNAMIC PRESSURE PROCESSING ON PORK LOIN QUALITY
Authors: BOWKER B.C. , LIU M.N. , EASTRIDGE J.S. , CALLAHAN J.A. , PAROCZAY E.W. , SOLOMON M.B. 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the influence of hydrodynamic pressure processing (HDP) and aging on the overall quality and protein characteristics of pork loins. Boneless pork loins (n = 12) were split into anterior and posterior halves and were assigned to control and HDP treatments. Following treatment on day 0, each half was divided into two portions (0 and 7 days aging). Samples were removed for the determination of Warner–Bratzler shear force (WBSF), centrifugal moisture loss (CML), gravitational drip loss (DL), color, protein solubility and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) analysis of whole muscle protein extracts. WBSF decreased with HDP (P < 0.05) and aging treatments (P < 0.0001). CML decreased (P < 0.0001) with aging. Controls exhibited slightly less DL after 1 day than HDP samples, but the increase in DL between 1 and 7 days was similar for control and HDP samples. Treatment effects on L*, a* and b* measurements were minimal. Myofibrillar and total protein solubility were higher (P < 0.01) in HDP samples compared with controls at day 0 but not at day 7. Sarcoplasmic protein solubility decreased (P < 0.05) with aging. SDS‐PAGE analysis of muscle proteins demonstrated a strong aging effect and only minor HDP differences. With aging, bands corresponding to 30–33 and 135 kDa increased (P < 0.0001), while bands corresponding to 38 and 95 kDa decreased (P < 0.05) in intensity (relative to the actin band). The 60 kDa band intensity increased (P < 0.05) with both aging and HDP treatments. Thus, data from this study suggest that HDP enhances aging tenderization in pork loins through the physical disruption of the muscle ultrastructure while having little detrimental effect on other parameters of pork quality.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis study demonstrates that hydrodynamic pressure processing is an effective postharvest technology for enhancing aging tenderization in pork loins through the physical disruption of the muscle ultrastructure with minimal impacts on other pork quality parameters such as water‐holding capacity and color.
Thermal Stability of l‐Ascorbic Acid and Ascorbic Acid Oxidase in Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)
Authors: Munyaka Ann Wambui , Makule Edna Edward , Oey Indrawati , Van Loey Ann , Hendrickx Marc 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT:  The thermal stability of vitamin C (including l‐ascorbic acid [l‐AA] and dehydroascorbic acid [DHAA]) in crushed broccoli was evaluated in the temperature range of 30 to 90 °C whereas that of ascorbic acid oxidase (AAO) was evaluated in the temperature range of 20 to 95 °C. Thermal treatments (for 15 min) of crushed broccoli at 30 to 60 °C resulted in conversion of l‐AA to DHAA whereas treatments at 70 to 90 °C retained vitamin C as l‐AA. These observations indicated that enzymes (for example, AAO) could play a major role in the initial phase (that is, oxidation of l‐AA to DHAA) of vitamin C degradation in broccoli. Consequently, a study to evaluate the temperature–time conditions that could result in AAO inactivation in broccoli was carried out. In this study, higher AAO activity was observed in broccoli florets than stalks. During thermal treatments for 10 min, AAO in broccoli florets and stalks was stable until around 50 °C. A 10‐min thermal treatment at 80 °C almost completely inactivated AAO in broccoli. AAO inactivation followed 1st order kinetics in the temperature range of 55 to 65 °C. Based on this study, a thermal treatment above 70 °C is recommended for crushed vegetable products to prevent oxidation of l‐AA to DHAA, the onset of vitamin C degradation. Practical Application: The results reported in this study are applicable for both domestic and industrial processing of vegetables into products such as juices, soups, and purees. In this report, we have demonstrated that processing crushed broccoli in a temperature range of 30 to 60 °C could result in the conversion of l‐ascorbic acid to dehydroascorbic (DHAA), a very important reaction in regard to vitamin C degradation because DHAA could be easily converted to other compounds that do not have the biological activity of vitamin C.
Young people at risk of psychosis: a user‐led exploration of interpersonal relationships and communication of psychological difficulties
Authors: Byrne Rory , Morrison Anthony P. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAim: The aim of the present study was to qualitatively explore experiences and perceptions of interpersonal relationships and interpersonal communication among young people at risk of psychosis.Method: Semi‐structured interviews were conducted using a qualitative grounded theory approach. Participants had entered into a service providing psychological interventions for young people assessed to be at a high risk of developing psychosis (Northwest UK). Our sample comprised one female and seven male participants (n = 8), ranging in age from 16 to 28 years, with a mean age of 22.4 years.Results: Analyses identified three central themes: difficulty with interpersonal relationships and reduced opportunities for helpful communication, difficulty talking to others about psychological problems, and experiences of talking to others about psychological problems.Conclusions: Individuals at risk of psychosis may have experienced significant difficulties with interpersonal relationships. Such difficulties may contribute directly to the development of unusual psychological experiences, and to an inability or reluctance to communicate these to others. In addition, commonly held stigmatizing ideas associated with unusual psychological experiences may contribute to a fear among at‐risk individuals that they are ‘going mad’, and this may lead to concealment of their difficulties, and to delayed help‐seeking. For at‐risk individuals, helpful communication of psychological distress offers significant benefits, including improved psychological and emotional well‐being and reduced risk of psychosis. Thus, while concealment of distress may directly impact on the development of unusual psychological difficulties, communication of such difficulties may be central to recovery.
Modeling of Sediment Yield From Anjeni‐Gauged Watershed, Ethiopia Using SWAT Model1
Authors: Setegn Shimelis G. , Dargahi Bijan , Srinivasan Ragahavan , Melesse Assefa M. 
Published: April 2010

Setegn, Shimelis G., Bijan Dargahi, Ragahavan Srinivasan, and Assefa M. Melesse, 2010. Modeling of Sediment Yield From Anjeni‐Gauged Watershed, Ethiopia Using SWAT Model.Journal of the American Water Resources Association(JAWRA) 46(3):514‐526. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2010.00431.xAbstract: The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was tested for prediction of sediment yield in Anjeni‐gauged watershed, Ethiopia. Soil erosion and land degradation is a major problem on the Ethiopian highlands. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance and applicability of SWAT model in predicting monthly sediment yield and assess the impacts of subbasin delineation and slope discretization on the prediction of sediment yield. Ten years monthly meteorological, flow and sediment data were used for model calibration and validation. The annual average measured sediment yield was 24.6 tonnes/ha. The annual average simulated sediment yield was 27.8 and 29.5 tones/ha for calibration and validation periods, respectively. The study found that the observed values showed good agreement with the simulated sediment yield with Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) = 0.81, percent bias (PBIAS) = 28%, RMSE‐observations standard deviation ratio (RSR) = 0.23, and coefficient of determination (R²) = 0.86 for calibration and NSE = 0.79, PBIAS = 30%, RSR = 0.29, andR² = 0.84 for validation periods. The model can be used for further analysis of different management scenarios that could help different stakeholders to plan and implement appropriate soil and water conservation strategies.
Effect of Watershed Subdivision and Filter Width on SWAT Simulation of a Coastal Plain Watershed1
Authors: Cho Jaepil , Lowrance Richard R. , Bosch David D. , Strickland Timothy C. , Her Younggu , Vellidis George 
Published: April 2010

Cho, Jaepil, Richard R. Lowrance, David D. Bosch, Timothy C. Strickland, Younggu Her, and George Vellidis, 2010. Effect of Watershed Subdivision and Filter Width on SWAT Simulation of a Coastal Plain Watershed. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(3):586‐602. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2010.00436.xAbstract:  The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) does not fully simulate riparian buffers, but has a simple filter function that is responsive to filter strip width (FILTERW). The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate SWAT hydrology and water quality response to changes in watershed subdivision levels and different FILTERW configurations and (2) provide guidance for selecting appropriate watershed subdivision for model runs that include the riparian buffer feature through the FILTERW parameter. Watershed subdivision level is controlled by the critical source area (CSA) which defines the minimum drainage area required to form the origin of a stream. SWAT was calibrated on a 15.7 km2 subdrainage within the Little River Experimental Watershed, Georgia. The calibrated parameter set was applied to 32 watershed configurations consisting of four FILTERW representations for each of eight CSA levels. Streamflow predictions were stable regardless of watershed subdivision and FILTERW configuration. Predicted sediment and nutrient loads from upland areas decreased as CSA increased when spatial variations of riparian buffers are considered. Sediment and nutrient yield at the watershed outlet was responsive to different combinations of CSA and FILTERW depending on selected in‐stream processes. CSA ranges which provide stable sediment and nutrient yields at the watershed outlet was suggested for avoiding significant modifications in selected parameter set.
Review of Pesticide Retention Processes Occurring in Buffer Strips Receiving Agricultural Runoff1
Authors: Arora Kapil , Mickelson Steven K. , Helmers Matthew J. , Baker James L. 
Published: April 2010

Arora, Kapil, Steven K. Mickelson, Matthew J. Helmers, and James L. Baker, 2010. Review of Pesticide Retention Processes Occurring in Buffer Strips Receiving Agricultural Runoff. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(3):618‐647. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2010.00438.xAbstract:  Review of the published results shows that the retention of the two pesticide carrier phases (runoff volume and sediment mass) influences pesticide mass transport through buffer strips. Data averaged across different studies showed that the buffer strips retained 45% of runoff volume (ranging between 0 and 100%) and 76% of sediment mass (ranging between 2 and 100%). Sorption (soil sorption coefficient, Koc) is one key pesticide property affecting its transport with the two carrier phases through buffer strips. Data from different studies for pesticide mass retention for weakly (Koc < 100), moderately (100 < Koc < 1,000), and strongly sorbed pesticides (Koc > 1,000) averaged (with ranges) 61 (0‐100), 63 (0‐100), and 76 (53‐100) %, respectively. Because there are more data for runoff volume and sediment mass retention, the average retentions of both carrier phases were used to calculate that the buffer strips would retain 45% of weakly to moderately sorbed and 70% of strongly sorbed pesticides on an average basis. As pesticide mass retention presented is only an average across several studies with different experimental setups, the application of these results to actual field conditions should be carefully examined.
Commercializing bycatch can push a fishery beyond economic extinction
Authors: Lobo Aaron Savio , Balmford Andrew , Arthur Rohan , Manica Andrea 
Published: April 2010

AbstractTropical bottom trawling is among the most destructive fishing practices, catching large quantities of bycatch, which are usually discarded. We used questionnaire surveys of trawl fishers to look at changes in catches over the last 30 years (1978–2008) along India's Coromandel Coast. We show that catches and income from target species have declined sharply over the last two decades. Meanwhile, costs of fishing have increased substantially and now almost exceed income from target species. Over the same period, bycatch (which was traditionally discarded) has now become increasingly marketable, being sold for local consumption, and as fish meal to supply the region's rapidly growing poultry industry. Without this income from bycatch, the fishery would scarcely be economically viable. While such a change in the use of bycatch is good news in terms of reducing waste and improving livelihoods, it is also responsible for pushing the Indian bottom trawl fishery beyond the economic extinction of its target species.
Denitrifier abundance and activity across the San Francisco Bay estuary
Authors: Mosier Annika C. , Francis Christopher A. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryOver 50% of external dissolved inorganic nitrogen inputs to estuaries are removed by denitrification – the microbial conversion of nitrate to nitrogen gas under anaerobic conditions. In this study, denitrifier abundance, potential rates and community structure were examined in sediments from the San Francisco Bay estuary. Abundance of nirK genes (encoding Cu‐containing nitrite reductase) ranged from 9.7 × 103 to 4.4 × 106 copies per gram of sediment, while the abundance of nirS genes (encoding cytochrome cd1 nitrite reductase) ranged from 5.4 × 105 to 5.4 × 107 copies per gram of sediment. nirK gene abundance was highest in the riverine North Bay, whereas nirS gene abundance was highest in the more marine Central and South Bays. Denitrification potential (DNP) rate measurements were highest in the San Pablo and Central Bays and lowest in the North Bay. nirS‐type denitrifiers may be more biogeochemically important than nirK‐type denitrifiers in this estuary, because DNP rates were positively correlated with nirS abundance, nirS abundance was higher than nirK abundance at every site and time point, and nirS richness was higher than nirK richness at every site. Statistical analyses demonstrated that salinity, organic carbon, nitrogen and several metals were key factors influencing denitrification rates, nir abundance and community structure. Overall, this study provides valuable new insights into the abundance, diversity and biogeochemical activity of estuarine denitrifying communities and suggests that nirS‐type denitrifiers likely play an important role in nitrogen removal in San Francisco Bay, particularly at high‐salinity sites.
Assessing the relationship between ad volume and awareness of a tobacco education media campaign
Authors: Cowling David W , Modayil Mary V , Stevens Colleen 
Published: April 2010

BackgroundThe relation between aided ad recall and level of television ad placement in a public health setting is not well established. We examine this association by looking back at 8 years of the California's Tobacco Control Program's (CTCP) media campaign.MethodsStarting in July 2001, California's campaign was continuously monitored using five telephone series of surveys and six web-based series of surveys immediately following a media flight. We used population-based statewide surveys to measure aided recall for advertisements that were placed in each of these media flights. Targeted rating points (TRPs) were used to measure ad placement intensity throughout the state.ResultsCumulative TRPs exhibited a stronger relation with aided ad recall than flight TRPs or TRP density. This association increased after log-transforming cumulative TRP values. We found that a one-unit increase in log-cumulative TRPs led to a 13.6% increase in aided ad recall using web-based survey data, compared to a 5.3% increase in aided ad recall using telephone survey data.ConclusionsIn California, the relation between aided ad recall and cumulative TRPs showed a diminishing return after a large volume of ad placements These findings may be useful in planning future ad placement for CTCP's media campaign.
Evaluation of California's in-school tobacco use prevention education (TUPE) activities using a nested school-longitudinal design, 2003–2004 and 2005–2006
Authors: Park Hye-Youn , Dent Clyde , Abramsohn Erin , Dietsch Barbara , McCarthy William J 
Published: April 2010

BackgroundCurrent legislative language requires the California Department of Public Health, California Tobacco Control Program, to evaluate the effectiveness of the school-based Tobacco Use Prevention Education (TUPE) programme in California every 2 years. The objective of the study was to measure change and to identify the impact of school-based tobacco use prevention education activities on youth smoking prevalence and attitudes over time, spanning two school year surveys (2003–2004 and 2005–2006).MethodsEvaluation focused on school-based tobacco use prevention activities in 57 schools (student sample size, n=16 833) that participated in the in-school administration of the 2003–2004 and 2005–2006 California Student Tobacco Surveys. Hierarchical linear models were used to predict student tobacco use and precursors to tobacco use.ResultsOverall, student tobacco use, intention to smoke, number of friends smoking and perceived smoking prevalence by peers increased as students moved through grades 9 and 10 to grades 11 and 12. TUPE-related activities showed a suggestive association (p=0.06) with reduced rate in student tobacco use between the two surveys after adjusting for other contextual factors such as each school's socioeconomic characteristics.ConclusionsTUPE activities appears to be beneficial in reducing tobacco use in California high school students over time. Other contextual factors were important moderating influences on student tobacco use.
Policy-driven tobacco control
Authors: Francis John A , Abramsohn Erin M , Park Hye-Youn 
Published: April 2010

BackgroundSince the passage of Proposition 99, California's comprehensive tobacco control programme has benefited from a localised policy adoption process that allows for the innovation and diffusion of strong local tobacco control policies throughout the state.MethodsThe policy adoption continuum is described in the context of California's smoke-free workplace movement, and the influence of policy-driven tobacco control initiatives on social norms, behaviour and the public's health was examined.ResultsThe Smoke-free California policy adoption continuum reflects a general approach for policy innovation and diffusion that builds social acceptance and influences social norms, while minimising unintended consequences and creating best practices in tobacco control. California's local smoke-free workplace policies have reduced secondhand smoke exposure and supported attitude and behaviour changes. The effects of local policy adoption led to the nation's first statewide smoke-free workplace law.ConclusionsProposition 99 created an unprecedented tobacco control infrastructure that supported local policy innovation and diffusion to influence social norms and behaviours. Tobacco control policy efforts should address campaign challenges, oppose pre-emption and confront tobacco industry influence. Advocates must be cautious of pursuing a statewide policy prematurely, as it may result in a weak and/or pre-emptive policy that can stymie local policy efforts and prolong the adoption of a meaningful statewide policy.
Leucine supplementation favors liver protein status but does not reduce body fat in rats during 1 week of food restriction
Authors: Pedrosa Rogerio G. , Donato Jose , Pires Ivanir S. , Tirapegui Julio 
Published: April 2010

An important role in protein–energy metabolism has been attributed to leucine because of its long-term effects on body fat reduction and on the improvement of some indicators of protein status in rodents. The present study investigated the influence of leucine supplementation on the body composition and protein status of rats during the early phase of weight loss, which is characterized by a rapid loss of body weight. Thirty adult male Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups, a control and a leucine group (diet supplemented with 0.59% L-leucine), and were submitted to 1 week of 50% food restriction. The following parameters were evaluated: chemical carcass composition, protein and RNA content in liver and gastrocnemius muscle, and serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1 and corticosterone. A higher liver weight and liver protein content were observed in the supplemented group (p < 0.05). However, no difference in body fat was found between groups (p > 0.05). The results indicate that low-dose leucine supplementation favors liver protein status but does not reduce body fat in rats during the early phase of rapid weight loss.