bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF FULLTRACK AI APP TO MEASURE CRICKET BALL SPEED UNDER TRAINING CONDITIONS
Authors: Shorter Dr Kathleen , Tissera Kevin , Huynh Dr Minh , Benson Professor Amanda 
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION
Radar guns are commonly used to accurately and reliably measure ball speed(1), a key cricket bowling performance indicator. App-based approaches, such as Fulltrack AI, are gaining popularity. This study investigated the reliability and validity of Fulltrack AI to measure cricket ball speed compared to a validated radar gun(1).

METHODS
Ball speed of 1081 deliveries (pace=783; spin=298) from a range of training sessions and conditions (batter, no batter; indoor and outdoor wickets) were recorded simultaneously using a radar gun (Stalker ATS2) and iPad running Fulltrack AI (version 1.13.1). Fulltrack AI data (ball speed (km/hr), line, length (m)) were extracted post-session for tabulation with radar gun data. Statistical analyses were conducted in R Statistical Software independently for bowling type (pace, spin) following exclusion of outliers. Reliability was assessed with standard error of measurement (SEM), coefficient of variation (CV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Agreement was assessed using Bland Altman’s, 95% limits of agreement (LOA)(2). Validity was assessed using generalised additive models (GAM), controlling for line, length and interaction of training conditions.

RESULTS
Whilst reliability coefficients for pace deliveries demonstrated very good agreement (ICC=0.90; SEM=2.61) and lower variability (CV=2.56%) in contrast to spin (ICC=0.76; SEM=2.17; CV=3.08%); LOA demonstrated poor to fair levels of agreement, exceeding maximal allowable differences (&gt;3%). When controlling for line, length and training conditions, GAMs ‘average model’ identified Fulltrack AI significantly (p&lt;0.05) overestimated ball speed (pace: estimate 2.58km/hr, SE=1.24; spin: estimate 3.93km/hr, SE=0.81) when compared to the radar gun.

CONCLUSION
Fulltrack AI is a reliable method for monitoring ball speed where accuracy is not of paramount importance. Significant overestimation of ball speed in contrast with a radar gun, even after controlling for different training conditions, suggests software refinement is required before such technology is readily adopted for the measurement of speed.

1.Smith & Burke (2021) 2.Bland & Altman (1986)
THE VALIDITY OF USING THE FULLTRACK AI APP TO DETERMINE CRICKET BOWLING LINE AND LENGTH COMPARED TO 3D MOTION CAPTURE
Authors: Tissera Mr Kevin , Shorter Dr Kathleen , Huynh Dr Minh , Benson Professor Amanda 
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION
A bowler’s ability to manipulate line and length of a delivery is a key performance attribute in cricket. 3D-motion capture (3DMocap), the gold standard in quantifying ball trajectories1 lacks ecological validity2. Fulltrack AI app may provide a feasible alternative to quantify and provide immediate ball trajectory feedback. This study explored the validity of Fulltrack AI to measure ball landing position compared with 3DMocap.

METHODS
836 deliveries under various conditions (pace, spin; bowled, thrown (SidearmTM); batter, no batter), were recorded using a Qualisys 8-camera 3DMocap system and iPad running Fulltrack AI (version 1.13.1). Line and length were extracted from Quintic Spline filtered 3DMocap data and tabulated with Fulltrack AI data. Statistical analyses were conducted in R Statistical Software following removal of outliers. Bland Altman’s, 95% limits of agreement (LOA)3 were calculated, with line and length interaction further explored using 95% confidence ellipse area (CEA) to assess practical difference between 3DMocap and Fulltrack AI relative to ball landing position. Validity between Fulltrack AI and 3DMocap, and the interaction of conditions, were assessed with generalised additive models (GAMs).

RESULTS
Whilst LOA (line= -0.15 to 0.10; length= -0.88 to 0.27) demonstrated good agreement, CEA ranged from 0.17m2 to 0.42m2 depending on ball landing location relative to the stumps (2-4m or &gt;8m, respectively). GAMs ‘average model’ established no significant (p&gt;0.05) difference between 3DMocap and Fulltrack AI, or the interaction effects of training conditions.

CONCLUSION
Although Fulltrack AI appears statistically and ecologically valid in identifying cricket ball landing position, practitioners should be cognisant that practically, error varies relative to where on the wicket a ball lands. Thus, hindering the accuracy of feedback if needing to precisely quantify ball landing position when using Fulltrack AI app.
COMBINED HIGH-INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING FOR PEOPLE WITH DISORDERS OF GUT BRAIN INTERACTION: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Durney Ms Jacinta , Coombes Prof Jeff , Young Dr Myles , Talley Prof Nicholas , Plotnikoff Prof Ronald , Hoedt Dr Emily , Cox Dr Emily 
Published: May 2024

AIMS
The efficacy of high intensity exercise for improving symptoms of chronic idiopathic constipation, a highly prevalent disorder of gut brain interaction (DGBI), remains uncertain. The aim of this case report was to investigate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of 8-weeks of combined high-intensity interval training (C-HIIT) for a person (female, 23 years old) with chronic constipation.

METHODS
The participant enrolled in the C-HIIT for DGBI controlled trial that aims to recruit 32 participants with DGBI. Following comprehensive assessments of gastrointestinal symptoms, neuromuscular fitness, cardiorespiratory fitness and mental health, the participant completed an 8-week intervention consisting of thrice weekly 26-minute C-HIIT sessions. These consisted of a 3-minute aerobic warm-up (treadmill; 50-60% peak heart rate [HRpeak]) followed by 4-minutes of high-intensity aerobic exercise at ≥85% HRpeak. After 1-minute rest, eight whole body resistance exercises were performed. These involved continuous repetitions with good technique for 1-minute at an ≥8/10 (very hard) rating of perceived exertion; 1-minute rest separated each exercise. Adverse events were recorded throughout the intervention.

RESULTS
The participant adhered to the intervention, attending 100% of sessions and reaching the prescribed intensity for 100% of aerobic and 80% of resistance exercises. Efficacy of the exercise training was indicated by a reduction in the severity of gastrointestinal symptoms measured via the irritable bowel syndrome-symptom severity scale (from 111 to 100) and the structured assessment of gastroIntestinal symptoms (39 to 12). There were some improvements in neuromuscular fitness (handgrip strength: 27 to 29.5 kg, 30-second sit to stands: 12 to 10 repetitions) and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max: 36.7 to 38.2 mL/kg/min). No changes were observed in mental health (Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale), and one non-serious adverse event (nausea post-eating), which was deemed not related to the intervention.

CONCLUSION
The C-HIIT intervention in a person with DGBI was feasible, efficacious and safe.
WALKING WITH BLOOD FLOW RESTRICTION: A NOVEL METHOD TO IMPROVE PHYSICAL FITNESS IN OLDER ADULTS?
Authors: Beere Mr Michael , Raj Dr Isaac Selva , Peiffer Professor Jeremiah , Hill Professor Keith , Edwards Dr Peter , Brown Dr Belinda , Scott Associate Professor Brendan 
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS
Alternative physical activity modalities and methods are needed to combat low adherence among older populations. Therefore, we are investigating whether blood flow restricted (BFR) walking improves measures of lower limb strength, and functional performance, compared to traditional walking in older adults.

METHODS
Healthy adults ≥60 years were randomised into BFR (n=5) or non-BFR (n=4) walking groups. Both groups walked outdoors, 3 days/week for 12 weeks starting at 4km/h and increasing walking speed by 0.5km/h every 4 weeks. The BFR group walked for 25min with BFR applied (60% arterial occlusion pressure) to the lower limbs in 2x 10mins bouts (separated by 5mins walking without occlusion). The non-BFR group walked for 50mins without occlusion, matching current best practice for low-moderate intensity physical activity. Participants were assessed at baseline and post-intervention (12 weeks) for knee extension maximal voluntary torque (MVTpeak) and functional capacity (four square step test [4SST], 5x sit-to-stand [STS], timed up and go [TUG], gait speed, and 6-minute walk test [6mWT]).

RESULTS
There were no differences at baseline between groups (p&gt;0.05). Both groups improved across all measures from baseline to post-intervention, with significant effects for time observed for: 4SST (7.92±1.2s – 6.83±1.39s; p=0.035), TUG (6.16±0.81s – 5.58±0.9s; p=0.04), STS (11.30±1.70s – 10.14±1.7s; p=0.032), but not for gait speed (3.98±0.69s – 3.71±0.69s; p=0.456), 6mWT (564.72±72.13m – 601.27±64.2m; p=0.129) and MVTpeak (112.33±25.8Nm – 120.55±23.5Nm; p=0.995). No group x time effect was observed from baseline to 12 weeks (p&gt;0.05).

SUMMARY
The current results demonstrate significant improvements in functional measures (4SST, TUG, STS) from baseline to post-intervention, with no differences observed between groups. This indicates that low-intensity BFR walking may provide comparable physical fitness improvements to non-BFR walking while completing only 50% of the volume.
VIRTUAL-REALITY PAIN SCIENCE POSITIVELY IMPACTS PAIN AND FUNCTION, RETURN TO WORK, CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE AND RETURN ON INVESTMENT: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Sinclair Mr Chris , Craven Mr Michael , Phillips Dr Vicky 
Published: May 2024

CASE SETTING
52-year-old male client referred for post-operative cervical-spine two-level fusion rehabilitation, two-years following a motor accident. History of prior motor accident five-years earlier with cervical-spine discectomy resolving symptoms. Referred under compensable insurance policy with 13-years claim benefit remaining. Referral objective to restore health and function for return-to-work (RTW). Experiencing intolerable neck pain with reduced left arm function, pain medication side effects, and low mood. Loss of hope resulting from significant pain post-operatively, whereas prior surgery resolved similar symptoms. Not working at referral. Pre-disability work was full-time self-employed barista.

TREATMENT/REHABILITATION PROVIDED
Six hours of EXPHYS BETTER Pain VR program, consisting of virtual-reality (VR) pain science coached by an exercise physiologist (AEP) over 10-weeks, face-to-face, within the pain mechanism and bio-psycho-social models. Learning consisted of VR modules and workbook with practical application of six key target pain concepts: pain is always real, doesn’t accurately measure tissue health, relies on context, is a protector, has a buffer zone, and can be retrained. Two functional goals of self-care and cooking were established, and RTW.

RESULTS
Validated inventories demonstrated self-reported improvements in; pain intensity: 11 item numerical pain rating scale, range: 0-10 points [8 referral; 1 closure]; and function; two 11-item patient-specific functional scale [self-care, cooking], range: 0-20 points) [2 referral; 16 closure]. Work mindset improved from pre-contemplation [referral] to maintenance [closure]. Work capacity improved from no capacity to full capacity. Work status improved from not working to working pre-disability hours and duties. Insurance claim closed. Direct return-on-investment of $300 for every $1 spent on the EXPHYS BETTER Pain VR Program. Client net promotor score (NPS) was promoter (10/10), and customer satisfaction (CSAT) was very satisfied (5/5).

REFLECTIONS/LEARNINGS
Virtual-reality pain science, delivered by an AEP within the pain mechanisms model, positively impacts pain and function, RTW, and customer experience, with demonstrated return-on-investment.
BLUNTED SKELETAL MUSCLE MICROVASCULAR BLOOD FLOW IS A POTENTIAL UNDERLYING MECHANISM FOR EXERCISE INTOLERANCE IN ADULTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Way Dr Kimberley , Parker Dr Lewan , Thomas Dr Hannah , O’Gorman Ms Sian , Brayner Dr Barbara , McVicar Dr. Jenna , Verdicchio Dr. Christian , Maddison Prof. Ralph , Wong Geoff , Reed Jennifer , Keske Michelle 
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION & AIMS
Approximately 45% of adults living with atrial fibrillation (AF) experience exercise intolerance (EI). However, the mechanisms of EI in AF are not well understood. We aimed to determine whether impaired skeletal muscle microvascular blood flow (MBF), not macrovascular, responses to peak exercise is a plausible explanation for EI in adults with AF.

METHODS
Adults with AF and healthy controls completed a Modified Bruce treadmill protocol to obtain peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak). Skeletal muscle microvascular blood volume, velocity, and flow in the vastus lateralis muscle was assessed using contrast enhanced ultrasound. Superficial femoral artery diameter, blood velocity and flow were assessed using 2D and Doppler ultrasound. Vascular measurements were collected at rest, immediately post-exercise, and 30 minutes post-exercise.

RESULTS
Nine adults with AF (age: 62±5 years, 66% females, BMI: 29.7±4.2 kg/m2, V̇O2peak: 24.3±6.1 mL/kg/min) and seven controls (age: 63±10 years, 57% females, BMI: 26.7±1.7 kg/m2, V̇O2peak: 31.0±7.5 mL/kg/min) participated. One participant was in AF during testing. A significant group x time interaction in skeletal muscle MBF (p=0.04) and near significant interaction in blood volume (capillary recruitment, p=0.08) was observed. Post-hoc analysis revealed adults with AF had a significantly blunted MBF at 30 minutes post-exercise (-1.3 fold versus control, p=0.01) and reduced microvascular blood volume (i.e. capillary recruitment) pre- and 30 minutes post-exercise (-6.6 fold [p=0.01] and -9.4 fold [p=0.01] versus controls). No differences were observed for changes in skeletal muscle microvascular blood velocity, or femoral artery diameter, blood velocity or flow.

CONCLUSION
Despite similar femoral artery blood flow responses, adults with AF have lower skeletal muscle MBF responses to peak exercise which may be driven by a reduced capillary recruitment in the skeletal muscle. Our findings provide new insight into vascular complications which may partially explain EI in those with AF.
THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF EXERCISE IN DELAYING GENETIC DESTINY: EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXERCISE AND KEY BIOMARKERS IN DOMINANTLY INHERITED ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
Authors: Brown Associate Professor Belinda , Sewell Dr Kelsey , Doecke Dr James , Sohrabi Professor Hamid , Peifer Professor Jeremiah , Rainey-Smith Associate Professor Stephanie , Martins Professor Ralph 
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION
Greater physical activity is associated with reduced risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and lower levels of AD-related biomarkers, such as beta-amyloid (Aβ) and tau, measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain. A small proportion of Alzheimer’s disease (&lt;1%) cases are caused by a rare dominant genetic mutation. The aim of the current study was to examine associations between self-reported exercise participation and AD-related biomarkers (from CSF and brain imaging) over time, in individuals we know will develop Alzheimer’s disease at an early age (i.e., dominant AD mutation carriers).

METHODS
The sample included n = 308 mutation carriers from the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer’s Network (DIAN) study with data available for self-reported exercise participation, brain imaging (hippocampal volume, total brain volume, gray matter volume, white matter hyperintensities, brain Aβ levels), and biomarkers quantified from CSF (several Aβ and tau species and ratios). Participants were assessed regularly (time interval depending on mutation type) from baseline to 10+ years post-baseline. Associations between exercise and AD biomarkers (i.e., from brain imaging and CSF) were examined using linear mixed models, corrected for various confounding variables.

RESULTS
The sample had a mean age of 39.7 ± 10.8 years and were 56% female. Greater baseline exercise was associated with a slower decrease in right (B=0.06, p &lt; 0.001) and left (B=0.06, p&lt;0.05) hippocampal volume; and slower accumulation of brain Aβ (B=0.04, p&lt;0.001).

CONCLUSION
These findings demonstrate that exercise is associated with more favourable profiles of AD-related biomarkers in those with ADAD mutations. This work may have implications for our understanding of how exercise influences disease development in late-onset sporadic AD. Nevertheless, the causal direction of our findings is difficult to ascertain, and future study designs investigating the therapeutic potential of exercise in both ADAD and late-onset AD should be considered.
USE OF POST-EXERCISE RECOVERY STRATEGIES IN TEAM AND INDIVIDUAL SPORTS
Authors: Plumb Dr Mandy 
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION
The study aims to identify perceptions of recovery and actual post-exercise recovery utilized by team and individual athletes in Far North Queensland.

METHODS
The recovery techniques used by team and individual sport athletes of different competition levels was investigated by survey. Specifically, this study investigated if, when, why and how the following recovery strategies were used: active land-based recovery (ALB), active water-based recovery (AWB), stretching (STR), cold water immersion (CWI) and contrast water therapy (CWT).

RESULTS
Seventy-eight athletes (47 male: 31 female) mean age 25.59 ±8.48 yrs completed survey. Local competition was most represented (44%), followed by state (37%), regional (13%), national (5%) and international (1%). Rugby league/ruby union were the most represented team sport (42%), followed by soccer (16%), AFL (6%), netball (6%) and remaining team sports (8%). Individual sports (24%) included swimming, running, and ultra-marathon. A total of 84% of participants self-reported performing a recovery strategy following either competition, after pre-season training or after in-season training. Most popular recovery methods, stretch (28%), ice bath (26%), massage (14%) and sleep (10%). Stretching was the most effective recovery strategy, with 38% ‘always’ performing stretching after a game, 36% during pre-season training and 40% in season training. Self-report by athletes was suggestive of the more physiological being the most important, stating that the strategies helped speed up recovery, increase blood flow, decrease inflammation, swelling and soreness.

CONCLUSION
To date the survey data suggests athletes reporting why they believe recovery strategies are effective/ineffective are more aware of the physiological recovery aspects, and less so on psychological aspects. This suggests potential targeted education on psychological aspects of recovery and recovery related to heat and humidity aspects to assist in developing best practice guidelines and education for athletes and coaches.
ANTHROPOMETRIC AND PHYSICAL QUALITIES OF SEMI-PROFESSIONAL RUGBY LEAGUE PLAYERS
Authors: Plumb Dr Mandy 
Published: May 2024

AIM
The aim of the current study was to investigate the physiological and anthropometric characteristics of semi-professional rugby league players across a typical season, including pre- and post-season data.

METHODS
Thirty-five semi-professional rugby league players, mean age 25.38 ± 2.35 years were measured for height, body mass, sum of skinfolds, and speed (20m sprint). Global positioning system (GPS) data, sampling at 10 Hz, were collected, two pre-season and eighteen Queensland Cup rugby league matches in the 2023 season for 10 players (backs and forwards). Data was categorized into total distance (km), sprint distance (m), power plays, energy expenditure (kcal), player load, and top speed (m/s).

RESULTS
Compared with forwards the backs had significantly lower body mass (99.4kg vs 90.8kg), and significantly greater speed during 20m sprint (3.00 vs 3.1sec). Sum of skinfolds, no differences between backs and forwards across the three time points, 104.2 vs 106.2mm, 103.9 vs 110.9mm and 93.8 vs 108.1mm. Reviewing the GPS data across the trial and cup games revealed a number of significant differences between backs and forwards, backs greater overall distance (6.63km vs 5.26km), sprint distance (467.53 vs 264.63m), power plays (37 vs 25), energy expenditure (1002.42 vs 778.90 kcal), player load (311.50 vs 275.16), top speed (8.02 vs 7.02m/s).

CONCLUSION
Retrospective analysis of our data has allowed us to understand the activity demands between match types and differences in activity demands between seasonal phases of training in semi-professional male rugby league players and will permit further specificity of training and improve performance. Determining the fitness and physiological profiles and how they relate to training and match demands will allow the coaching staff to develop more targeted training strategies in order to optimally develop the fitness characteristics that predominantly underpin match demands.
LEGACY EFFECT OF EXERCISE TRAINING TRIALS ON COGNITION IN OLDER ADULTS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Naomi Mrs Ferstera , Brown Mr Riley , Chong Ms Jamie , Owen Dr. Patrick , Mundell Dr. Niamh , Keating Dr. Shelley , Coombes Prof Jeff 
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION & AIMS
Exercise training trials consistently show efficacy for improving cognitive outcome in older adults, especially when the intervention is supervised. However, whether this improvement in cognition is sustained long-term (i.e. a legacy effect) is unknown. While this is likely impacted by long-term adherence to exercise, the legacy effect of exercise training trials on cognition has not been established. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review the literature and investigate the legacy effect of an exercise trial on cognitive function in older adults.

METHODS
A systematic review of the literature published in English was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, SPORTdiscus, Web of Science and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials electronic databases. Study screening and data extraction were undertaken by two independent researchers. The main inclusion criteria were randomised controlled trial design with non-exercise control, older adult cohort (average age ≥50 years), supervised exercise intervention and cognitive assessments at post-trial and follow up (≥3 months). Pairwise random-effects restricted maximum likelihood meta-analysis estimated the standardised mean difference (Hedges’ g) between intervention and control groups for each cognitive function outcomes at post-trial and follow-up.

RESULTS
A total of 12,539 articles were screened with 21 trials (n=2,504 participants aged 75.2±6.4 and mostly (56%) female) included in a meta-analysis. After 5.2±3.2 months, a legacy effect was seen with a small-to-moderate between-group effect for the cognitive domain of executive function favouring the exercise interventions (SMD=0.30, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.49; p=0.002). No effect was observed for other cognitive domains. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB2) tool identified that 73.7% of the trials had “some concerns” and 26.3% had high risk for bias.

CONCLUSION
In older adults who received an exercise intervention there was a small-to-moderate legacy effect for improved executive function compared to controls, five months after trial completion.