bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationships among child’s ability of mastication, dietary behaviour and physical fitness
Authors: Kibayashi M 
Published: March 2011

To cite this article:

Int J Dent Hygiene
9, 2011; 127–131 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601‐5037.2010.00458.x Kibayashi M. The relationships among child’s ability of mastication, dietary behaviour and physical fitness.Abstract:  To investigate the relationships between the ability of mastication and physical fitness, and between the ability of mastication and dietary behaviour in children, I examined these parameters using the data of sugar elution rate, physical fitness and athletic ability survey and self‐administered questionnaire on dietary behaviour on 171 sixth grade children (88 boys and 83 girls). The sugar elution rate was the index of the ability of mastication and was evaluated by the chewing gum method. The results of self‐administered questionnaire on dietary behaviour were used as an index of dietary behaviour. Physical fitness was evaluated by the physical fitness and athletic ability survey of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan. Regression analysis revealed that the sugar elution rate had significantly positive correlations with the mean grip strength, sit‐up, sit‐and‐reach, repetition side steps and ball throw. The results of self‐administered questionnaire on dietary behaviour revealed that the sugar elution rate was significantly higher in children, who had high expectation of food intake and high frequency of vegetable intake, than those with lower parameters. These results suggest that the ability of mastication correlates with physical fitness and dietary behaviour in children.
Pre‐inpatient evaluation on quality and impact of care in systemic mastocytosis and the influence of hospital stay periods from the perspective of patients: a pilot study
Authors: Nowak Anna , Gibbs Bernhard F. , Amon Ulrich 
Published: March 2011

Summary Background: The quality and impact of care in patients with mastocytosis has not yet been investigated in detail. Patients and methods: Here, we report monocentric findings of a retrospective questionnaire from 84 adult inpatients with mastocytosis regarding the quality and impact of pre‐inpatient clinical care after a period of inpatient stay. It was possible to analyse the data derived from 50 patients (40 female, 10 male; 74 % with systemic mastocytosis, 26 % with cutaneous mastocytosis). Results: Correct diagnoses were discovered to have taken over 2 years for 68 % of patients (up to 11 years). 58 % of patients required the consultation of three or more clinicians until the final diagnosis was reached; 3 patients consulted more than 9 doctors. The correct diagnosis was finally made in 94 % of patients by a dermatologist. The main symptoms expressed by the patients were skin disorders (92 %), itching (66 %) and exhaustion (48 %). From a patient perspective, the main triggering factors given were food and food additives (63 %), emotional stress (46 %) and physical exertion (44 %). Interdisciplinary inpatient treatment provided the patients with a better understanding of their disease in 90 %. Outpatient supervision was performed mainly by dermatologists (46 %), family doctors (40 %) and other clinicians (14 %). 22 % required the assistance of various doctors for their outpatient care. Only 14 % of patients reported that their daily life was relatively unaffected by mastocytosis. 22 % felt the disease slightly affected their quality of life, 20 % moderately, 26 % strongly and 18 % said the disease had a very strong impact on their quality of life. 82 % of patients browsed the Internet in order to find information regarding mastocytosis, although for 26 % this information was not deemed useful and 10 % felt rather unsettled. Conclusions: Patients with severe mastocytosis requiring hospitalization reported clear restrictions in their daily life. Such patients require an improved interdisciplinary diagnostic approach and therapy.
Conditions affecting growth and developmental competence of mammalian oocytes in vitro
Authors: HIRAO Yuji 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTMammalian ovaries contain a large number of oocytes at different stages of growth. To utilize potential female gametes, it is important to develop culture systems that permit oocytes to achieve full growth and competence in order to undergo maturation, fertilization and development. The desired culture systems should meet at least the following three conditions: (i) oocytes remain healthy and functional so that they can execute intrinsic programs that direct their growth and development; (ii) granulosa cells that are adjacent to oocytes proliferate efficiently to prevent oocytes from becoming denuded; and (iii) granulosa cells maintain (and develop) appropriate associations with oocytes during the culture period. For this reason, several systems have been developed, and they can be classified into four categories based on the structure and components of the follicle/oocyte–granulosa cell complex and the location of the oocyte in the physical organization of the complex. The resultant diverse morphologies are due to multiple factors, including the method for initial isolation of follicles, the culture substrate, and hormones and other factors added into the medium. It is important to find an optimal combination of such factors involved in the process to facilitate future research efforts.
Metabolism of microbial nitrogen in ruminants with special reference to nucleic acids
Authors: FUJIHARA Tsutomu , SHEM Martin N. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTCharacteristically the metabolism of microbial nitrogen (N) compounds in ruminants involves the degradation of dietary N and synthesis of microbial protein (MP), compounds including a small amount of peptides and free amino acids, which may account for 75–85% of total N and the remainder are nucleic acids (NA: DNA and RNA). Generally rumen microbes contain 10–25% NA‐N of the total N while 70–80% is in the form of RNA. This paper describes the degradation and synthesis of NA in the rumen and their fate in the lower digestive tracts. Their physiological and nutritional significance in different types of ruminant animals is also discussed. The research works on NA metabolism in ruminants has been mainly on metabolism of purines after rumen microbial digestion and absorption in the lower gut. Subsequently, the fate of absorbed purines has been intensively investigated to assess the extent of MP synthesis in the rumen. The method for predicting ruminal synthesized MP and subsequently digested MP has been proposed using urinary purine derivative (PD) excretion in sheep and cattle fed on ordinary feed. The latter approach has now been adopted for calculation of protein supply in some feeding standards, although there are still difficulties in predicting representative samples of rumen microbes, and also uncertainties in variations of non‐renal and endogenous purine losses.
Applications of Bayesian model averaging to the curvature and size of the Universe
Authors: Vardanyan Mihran , Trotta Roberto , Silk Joseph 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Bayesian model averaging is a procedure to obtain parameter constraints that account for the uncertainty about the correct cosmological model. We use recent cosmological observations and Bayesian model averaging to derive tight limits on the curvature parameter, as well as robust lower bounds on the curvature radius of the Universe and its minimum size, while allowing for the possibility of an evolving dark energy component. Because flat models are favoured by Bayesian model selection, we find that model-averaged constraints on the curvature and size of the Universe can be considerably stronger than non-model-averaged ones. For the most conservative prior choice (based on inflationary considerations), our procedure improves on non-model-averaged constraints on the curvature by a factor of ∼2. The curvature scale of the Universe is conservatively constrained to be Rc &gt; 42 Gpc (99 per cent), corresponding to a lower limit to the number of Hubble spheres in the Universe NU &gt; 251 (99 per cent).
The shortest period detached binary white dwarf system
Authors: Kilic Mukremin , Brown Warren R. , Kenyon S. J. , Prieto Carlos Allende , Andrews J. , Kleinman S. J. , Winget K. I. , Winget D. E. , Hermes J. J. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
We identify SDSSJ010657.39−100003.3 (hereafter J0106−1000) as the shortest period detached binary white dwarf (WD) system currently known. We targeted J0106−1000 as part of our radial velocity programme to search for companions around known extremely low-mass (ELM; ∼0.2M⊙) WDs using the 6.5-m Multiple Mirror Telescope. We detect peak-to-peak radial velocity variations of 740kms−1 with an orbital period of 39.1min. The mass function and optical photometry rule out a main-sequence star companion. Follow-up high-speed photometric observations obtained at the McDonald 2.1-m telescope reveal ellipsoidal variations from the distorted primary but no eclipses. This is the first example of a tidally distorted WD. Modelling the light curve, we constrain the inclination angle of the system to be 67°± 13°. J0106−1000 contains a pair of WDs (0.17M⊙ primary + 0.43M⊙ invisible secondary) at a separation of 0.32R⊙. The two WDs will merge in 37Myr and most likely form a core He-burning single subdwarf star. J0106−1000 is the shortest time-scale merger system currently known. The gravitational wave strain from J0106−1000 is at the detection limit of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). However, accurate ephemeris and orbital period measurements may enable LISA to detect J0106−1000 above the Galactic background noise.
Development and use of modelling techniques for real‐time bathing water quality predictions
Authors: Stidson R. T. , Gray C. A. , McPhail C. D. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractReal‐time prediction of bathing water quality is suggested as an appropriate regulatory approach in recent WHO Guidelines and new European Union (EU) standards for bathing water quality. The Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) has developed the first EU real‐time bathing water quality predictions at 10 sites throughout Scotland since 2004. This paper covers two stages in the evolution of modelling tools which inform these predictions based on antecedent rainfall and river flow, using four sites as examples. These tools, together with associated advisory systems, demonstrate the potential to minimise public exposure to adverse water quality where this occurs in discrete episodes after rainfall events. In addition, they allow an effective prediction and communication system to provide significant compliance benefits as samples taken during periods when bathing is not advised are disregarded for classification purposes.
Catchment management groups in England and Wales: extent, roles and influences
Authors: Cook Hadrian , Benson David , Inman Alex , Jordan Andrew , Smith Laurence 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBoth nonstatutory community‐based catchment management groups and existing statutory groups seek effective environmental management characterised by public participation, collaborative working and decentralised modes of assessment, planning and decision making. The characteristics and challenges of catchment management for water resources and protection of water quality require such approaches, and an expansion of both community‐based and state‐led initiatives has been evident in the United Kingdom. Available information about these developments is, however, limited and this paper reports survey findings of such initiatives, providing a mid‐to‐late 2009 ‘snapshot’ of the situation in England and Wales. Catchment management groups are profiled in terms of size, organisational structure, membership, financing, technology transfer, policy influence and other outcomes. The results are interpreted with reference to a growing international literature, the potential sustainability, effectiveness and impact of groups and environmental governance challenges, including those posed by the European Union Water Framework Directive.
The weakness of strong policies and the strength of weak policies: Law, experimentalist governance, and supporting coalitions in European Union health care policy
Authors: Greer Scott L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe experience of European Union (EU) health care services policy shows the importance of supporting coalitions in any effort to effect policy change and the extent to which the presence or absence of such coalitions can qualify generalizations about policymaking. EU health care services law is substantively liberalizing and procedurally driven by the courts, with little legislative input. But the European Court of Justice (ECJ) has been much better at establishing an EU competency in law than in causing policy development in the EU or member states. Literature on courts helps to explain why: courts are most effective when they enjoy supporting coalitions and the ECJ does not have a significant supporting coalition for its liberalizing health care services policy. Based on interview data, this article argues that the hard law of health care services deregulation and the newer forms of health care governance, such as the Open Method of Coordination and the networks on rare diseases, depend on supporting coalitions in member states that are willing to litigate, lobby, budget, decide cases, and otherwise implement EU law and policy. Given the resistance that the Court has met in health care sectors, its overarching deregulatory approach might produce smaller effects than expected, and forms of experimentalist governance that are easy to deride might turn out to have supporting coalitions that make them unexpectedly effective.
French Brain Tumor DataBase: 5‐Year Histological Results on 25 756 Cases
Authors: Rigau Valérie , Zouaoui Sonia , Mathieu‐Daudé Hélène , Darlix Amélie , Maran Aurélie , Trétarre Brigitte , Bessaoud Faiza , Bauchet Fabienne , Attaoua Redha , Fabbro‐Peray Pascale , Fabbro Michel , Kerr Christine , Taillandier Luc , Duffau Hugues , Figarella‐Branger Dominique , Costes Valérie , Bauchet Luc ,   with the participation of Société Française de Neuropathologie (SFNP), Société Française de Neurochirurgie (SFNC) and the Club de Neuro‐Oncologie of the Société Française de Neurochirurgie (CNO‐SFNC), and Association des Neuro‐Oncologues d'Expression Française (ANOCEF)
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis work aimed to prospectively record all primary central nervous system tumor (PCNST) cases in France, for which histological diagnosis is available. The objectives were to (i) create a national registry and a network to perform epidemiological studies; (ii) implement clinical and basic research protocols; and (iii) harmonize the health care of patients affected by PCNST. For 5 years, 25 756 cases of newly diagnosed and histologically confirmed PCNST have been recorded. Histological diagnoses included glioma (48.9%), all other neuroepithelial tumors (5%), meningioma (28.8%), nerve sheath tumors (8.4%), lymphoma (3.2%) and others (5.7%). Cryopreservation was reported for 6018 PCNST specimens. Tumor resections (R) were performed in 78% cases, while biopsies accounted for 22%. Median age (MA), sex, percentage R and number of cryopreserved tumors were detailed for each histology; for example, out of 6053 glioblastomas (MA 63 years, male 59.4%, R 62%, 1611 were cryopreserved), and out of 37 atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (MA 2 years, male 56.8%, R 94%, 17 were cryopreserved). This database or databank dedicated to PCNST cases contains detailed data on clinical, histological and other characteristics, such as the inclusion of data on cryopreserved specimens that are not available in other European registries. Therefore, this is a valuable resource that can be used for planning future epidemiological and clinical research.
Geology and Geochemistry of Highly Metamorphosed Footwall Alteration Zones in the Hongtoushan Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide Deposit, Liaoning Province, China
Authors: ZHENG Y. C. , GU Lianxing , TANG Xiaoqian , WU Changzhi , LI Chunhai , LIU Sihai 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe Hongtoushan Archean Cu–Zn volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposit, which was metamorphosed (3.0–2.8 Ga) to upper amphibolite facies at temperatures between 600 and 650°C, occurs in the Hunbei granite–greenstone terrane, Liaoning Province of NE China. Stratiform cordierite–anthophyllite gneiss (CAG) that occurs hundreds of meters below the ore horizon in the Hongtoushan district corresponds to the metamorphosed semi‐conformable alteration zone of the VMS hydrothermal system, whereas the CAG that contains abundant deformed sulfide‐bearing quartz veins immediately below the main ore layer represents the metamorphosed discordant alteration zone. Whole‐rock geochemistry indicates that stratiform CAG was derived ultimately from five lithologies (basalt, basaltic andesite, andesite, dacite, and rhyolite), while discordant CAG derived from a single lithology (rhyolite). Amphibolite and biotite‐rich gneiss are identified as a metamorphosed least‐altered precursor for these CAGs. Mass change calculation indicates that, compared to the least‐altered rocks, stratiform CAG is enriched in Fe and Mg, and depleted in Na, K, Ca, Cu, Pb and Zn, while discordant CAG is enriched in Fe, Mg, Si, Na, Pb, Cu and Zn, and depleted in K. HREE and HFSE (Zr, Ti, Nb and Ta) behaved inertly during submarine alteration, whereas Rb, Sr, Ba and LREE (especially Eu) were leached off.Both stratiform and discordant CAGs are depleted in 18O, with values up to 7‰ lower than their corresponding least‐altered precursors. Addition of Fe, Mg, and depletion of Ca, K, Sr, and 18O, indicate that hydrothermal alteration for both types of CAGs was characterized by chloritization prior to metamorphism. Stratiform CAG could be used to evaluate the mineralization potential of VMS in metamorphic terranes, while discordant CAG containing sulfide‐bearing quartz veins could be a good indication for overlying stratiform massive sulfide ores as well as an exploration target itself.
Mobility of Rare Earth Elements in Basalt‐Derived Laterite at the Bolaven Plateau, Southern Laos
Authors: SANEMATSU Kenzo , MORIYAMA Takeru , SOTOUKY Laochou , WATANABE Yasushi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractGeochemical and geochronological studies were conducted on basalts and laterites from the Bolaven Plateau in southern Laos in order to evaluate the mobility and mineralization of REE, Y and Sc during laterization. The basalts are classified into three categories: (i) small volumetric alkali basalt (eruption age: 15.7 Ma), large volumetric olivine tholeiite (1.2 Ma) and quartz tholeiite with olivine tholeiite (younger than 0.5 ± 0.2 Ma). Formation of REE minerals during laterization result in mobilization and fractionation of REE and Y in laterite profiles. Occurrence of florencite‐(Ce) in a laterite profile derived from alkali basalt immobilizes REE (particularly LREE) and this leads the laterites to be enriched in LREE relative to the parent basalt. Few positive Ce anomalies in this profile suggest that florencite‐(Ce) [(Ce)Al3(PO4)2(OH)2] formation was followed by CeO2 precipitation due to the change of redox condition. In tholeiite‐derived laterite profiles, florencite is not recognized and REE and Y tend to be depleted relative to the parent basalts with positive Ce anomalies. This is interpreted as scavenging REE3+ except for Ce4+ from the laterite profile in oxidizing conditions. Sc behaves similarly to Fe during laterization and it is more abundant in the tholeiitic laterite than that in the alkali basaltic laterite. Results of sequential extraction indicate that REE of the alkali basaltic laterite are contained in residual phase, which is dominantly florencite‐(Ce), but they are rarely present in ion‐adsorption phase. It is concluded that basaltic laterites have a low potential of REE resource in terms of low REE contents and a difficulty in REE extraction.
Carbon and Oxygen Isotope Compositions of Calcite and Rhodochrosite from Geothermal Exploratory Drills TH‐4 and TH‐6 near the Toyoha Deposit, Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: NITTA Miyuki , INOUE Atsuyuki 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe studied calcite and rhodochrosite from exploratory drill cores (TH‐4 and TH‐6) near the Toyoha deposit, southwestern Hokkaido, Japan, from the aspect of stable isotope geochemistry, together with measuring the homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions. The alteration observed in the drill cores is classified into four zones: ore mineralized zone, mixed‐layer minerals zone, kaolin minerals zone, and propylitic zone. Calcite is widespread in all the zones except for the kaolin minerals zone. The occurrence of rhodochrosite is restricted in the ore mineralized zone associated with Fe, Mn‐rich chlorite and sulfides, the mineral assemblage of which is basically equivalent to that in the Toyoha veins.The measured δ18OSMOW and δ13CPDB values of calcite scatter in the relatively narrow ranges from −2 to 5‰ and from −9 to −5‰, respectively; those of rhodochrosite from 3 to 9‰ and from −9 to −5‰, excluding some data with large deviations. The variation of the isotopic compositions with temperature and depth could be explained by a mixing process between a heated surface meteoric water (100°C δ18O =−12‰, δ13C =−10‰) and a deep high temperature water (300°C, δ18O =−5‰, δ13C =−4‰). Boiling was less effective in isotopic fractionation than that of mixing. The plots of δ18O and δ13C indicate that the carbonates precipitated from H2CO3‐dominated fluids under the conditions of pH = 6–7 and T = 200–300°C. The sequential precipitation from calcite to rhodochrosite in a vein brought about the disequilibrium isotopic fractionation between the two minerals. The hydrothermal fluids circulated during the precipitation of carbonates in TH‐4 and TH‐6 are similar in origin to the ore‐forming fluids pertaining to the formation of veins in the Toyoha deposit.
PRGmatic: an efficient pipeline for collating genome‐enriched second‐generation sequencing data using a ‘provisional‐reference genome’
Authors: HIRD SARAH M. , BRUMFIELD ROBB T. , CARSTENS BRYAN C. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSecond‐generation sequencing is increasingly being used in combination with genome‐enrichment techniques to amplify a large number of loci in many individuals for the purpose of population genetic and phylogeographic analysis. Compiling all the necessary tools to analyse these data is complex and time‐consuming. Here, we assemble a set of programs and pipe them together with Perl, enabling research laboratories without a dedicated bioinformatician to utilize second‐generation sequencing. User input is a folder of the second‐generation sequencing reads sorted by individual (in FASTA format) and pipeline output is a folder of multi‐FASTA files that correspond to loci (with 2 alleles called per individual). Additional output includes a summary file of the number of individuals per locus, observed and expected heterozygosity for each locus, distribution of multiple hits and summary statistics (θ, Tajima’s D, etc.). This user‐friendly, open source pipeline, which requires no a priori reference genome because it constructs its own, allows the user to set various parameters (e.g. minimum coverage) in the dependent programs (CAP3, BWA, SAMtools and VarScan) and facilitates evaluation of the nature and quality of data collected prior to analysis in software packages.