bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IJCM_404A: Newborn deaths in Maharashtra: A qualitative thematic analysis of newspaper articles
Authors: Shet Neha Nitin , Raul Mayuri , Sable Rupali 
Published: April 2024

Background:
As per statistics on infant mortality, the State of Maharashtra has done well in bringing down IMR from 33 to 16 per 1000 live births. However, in recent years many incidents come to light, especially in the case of institutional deliveries where newborns die either due to infrastructure failure or dysfunctional equipment. On a programmatic level, this has serious implications. Schemes such as Janani Suraksha Yojana promote institutional deliveries, but the institutes are unable to tend to the patient load efficiently. Analysing newspaper articles covering such incidents will throw light on actionable points for policy change. Experts from various fields tend to author such articles. Therefore it’s imperative to search every source available to bottleneck the areas for improvement.

Objective:
1. To understand the perspectives of authors about newborn deaths in Maharashtra 2. To derive major areas of concern raised by such articles possibly causing newborn deaths in Maharashtra

Methodology:
All newspaper articles published in the last 2 years about newborn deaths in Maharashtra were identified. They were segregated according to the Name of the newspaper, author, incident, period etc. A thematic analysis was performed on 12 such articles to uncover different themes and sub themes.

Results:
Major themes that emerged were related to infrastructure issues and equipment failure. Another important theme was the higher patient load on secondary care due to excessive referrals from primary health facilities. The schemes promoting institutional deliveries did not anticipate the additional workload on district and subdistrict hospitals. Strengthening primary care remains the major area of concern.

Conclusion:
Lack of quality assurance is the major bottleneck at the infrastructure level. Strengthening primary care will reduce the excessive workload on district and subdistrict hospitals. All these are part of the same chain of events.
IJCM_412A: Self Medication Practices Among Patient Attending Fever Opd At Tertiary Care Hospital In Mumbai.
Authors: Miranda Roshni , Jakkula Shreekanth , Akankshamaravi  
Published: April 2024

Background:
Self-medication is defined as the use of drugs to treat self- diagnosed disorders or symptoms, or the intermittent or continued use of a prescribed drug for chronic or recurrent disease or symptoms. The practice of self-medication is common worldwide in both developed and developing countries which often leads to dangerous unwarranted adverse effects, antimicrobial resistance, ultimately increasing cost burden due to health care.

Objective:
The study aimed to determine the prevalence of self-medication among patients; to identify risk factors that could influence self-medication practices; to identify sources of information about medications used; and to identify reasons for self-medication.

Methodology:
cross-sectional study was carried out among patient, information regarding self-medication use in the past six months and associated sociodemographic factors, purpose, source of drug procurement, attitude toward self-medication use were collected. The data were obtained using a validated pretested self-administered questionnaire. The collected data will be analyzed using SPSS for descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results:
In our study the prevalence of Self Medication practices were observed to be 45.6%. The practice was noticed more among individuals from lower middle class family with a prevalence rate of 26%. Telling the symptoms to pharmacist was the commonest method adopted to procure drugs by the users i.e. 61%Majority of the self-medication users expressed that self-medication is harmless and 32.2 % found it effective and 88.9% said they had never experienced any adverse effects, 81.3 % consider it as acceptable practice.

Conclusion:
Prevalence of SM practices are high. Most common reason being poverty, confidence in self – diagnosis, In order to mitigate the negative effects of SM behaviours, additional prompt measures are required.
IJCM_422A : Artificial Intelligence & Sustainable Development Goals in Health Care
Authors: Nair Aditya , Dsouza Kennice Deon , Reshmi Bhageerathy 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The intersection of Artificial Intelligence and Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 presents both opportunities and challenges. AI has the potential to enhance healthcare delivery by improving diagnostic accuracy, enabling personalized treatment approaches, and facilitating remote healthcare services through telemedicine. AI-driven technologies can also streamline administrative tasks, optimize resource allocation, and support evidence-based decision-making in healthcare settings.

Objective:
This study seeks to identify challenges and opportunities for utilizing AI to advance global health objectives to support Sustainable Development Goal 3

Methodology:
A review of existing literature was carried out to evaluate the current landscape of AI applications in healthcare and its potential implications for SDG achievement. We identified constraints such as data bias, ethical considerations, and accessibility barriers, and looked at the potential remedies and strategies for maximizing the positive impact of AI in healthcare.

Conclusion:
There exists significant hurdles into the integration of AI into healthcare however there are promising prospects for enhancing healthcare delivery, disease prevention, and drug discovery processes. By addressing issues such as data bias, ethical dilemmas, and accessibility challenges, AI holds the potential to revolutionize healthcare systems on a global scale. Embracing AI technologies can contribute significantly to realizing SDGs pertaining to health and well-being, thereby fostering more sustainable and equitable healthcare practices.
IJCM_56A: What determines decision making among women? Insights from National Family Health Survey-5
Authors: Madan Isha , Pracheth R , Bas Parama 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Women’s empowerment is a critical driver for economic growth and social prosperity. Broadly, the term refers to an improvement in women’s political, social, educational, economic, and health status. Decision making is an integral component of women’s empowerment.

Objective:
This secondary data analysis from NFHS 5 aims to measure the level of women decision-making capability and its determinants among women aged 15-49 years in India.

Methodology:
We have analyzed the latest available data from the National Family Health Survey-5 (NFHS-5) gathered from the Demographic Health Survey program after obtaining permission. Descriptive statistics were applied to determine the decision making among women. Logistic regression was applied to compute adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for determining the associated factors of women decision-making capability and p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results:
The total women respondents in the NFHS 5 dataset were 721145, of which data regarding women decision making was available for 77729 (10.7%). Total 68942(88.7%) women were involved in decision-making. Decision-making capacity was found to be significantly associated with age, education level, working status. Women aged more than 30 years were found to have more involvement in decision making as compared to those aged less than 30 years (AOR=1.76; CI=1.684-1.842; p< 0.05). Decision making was significantly associated with education (AOR=0.847; CI=0.807-0.889; p< 0.05). Working women were involved more in decision making as compared to non-working (AOR=1.494; CI=1.414-1.578; p< 0.05).

Conclusion:
This study sheds light on the relationship between women decision-making capacity and its association with sociodemographic variables. Several factors were found to be significantly associated with women decision making capability.
IJCM_70A: Husband’s knowledge regarding antenatal care of pregnant women and their involvement in the antenatal care of their wives
Authors: Shaad Sameeha , Pervez Sumaiya , Jaiswal Pratyush , Hamid Shadab , Jain Mallika , Rekha T , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran B , Mithra Prasanna P , Kumar Nithin , Holla Ramesh 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Antenatal care is pivotal for maternal and child health, with husband involvement enhancing its efficacy. This study conducted in Mangalore, India, aimed to evaluate husbands’ knowledge and engagement in antenatal care, aligning with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for human health and well-being.

Objectives:
The study aimed to assess husbands’ understanding of and involvement in supporting their wives during pregnancy.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study surveyed 150 husbands using a semi-structured questionnaire, collecting data on personal details, antenatal care knowledge, and involvement in their wives’ pregnancy care. Descriptive statistics and Chi-Square tests were employed for analysis.

Results:
The majority of husbands exhibited sufficient knowledge of antenatal care, particularly regarding identifying danger signs. However, levels of active involvement varied due to socio-cultural factors and work commitments. While many accompanied their wives to appointments and participated in decision-making, some faced barriers such as work obligations.

Conclusion:
Enhancing husband involvement is essential for achieving SDG targets in maternal health. Tailored interventions addressing socio-cultural barriers can empower husbands to play a more active role in supporting maternal well-being. By fostering inclusive healthcare practices, we can improve health outcomes for mothers, infants, and communities at large.
IJCM_72A: A study on newborn care practices and associated factors influencing their health in urban slums of Kurnool city, Andhra Pradesh.
Authors: Mercy P. , Kumari P. Sudha , Renuka B. 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Neonate is essential time for child to grow. Worldwide, Neonatal mortality are estimated to be about 3 million due to insufficient care. In 2021, 2.3 million neonates have died in first four weeks of life, roughly 6400 neonatal deaths per day. Lack of knowledge in new born care, inappropriate new born care practices are some of the contributors to neonatal mortality. Newborn care practice interventions can prevent neonatal deaths. Understanding the community and traditional newborn care practices is necessary to implement effective programme for promotion of newborns health. Hence present study was done to describe selected newborn care practices in urban slums of Kurnool.

Objectives:
To assess Newborn-Care Practices and to determine the relationship between Newborn-Care Practices and selected socio-demographic variables.

Methodology:
A Community-based, Cross-sectional study was done among 220mothers who were residing in urban slums of Kurnool City, Data were collected between October 2023 to November 2023 using Semi-structured questionnaire by Simple Random sampling technique. IEC permission was obtained. Written informed consent was obtained from participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS-Version23.

Results:
Mothers who were practicing delayed-bathing were observed in the age group 18-24 years 135(61.36%)followed by 25-30 years 60(27.2%),the difference was statistically significant(x2=9.84)(p=0.043),Safe cord care practices were observed more among 18-24 years132(60%),it was found to be statistically significant(x2=23.5)(p=<0.001). Early initiation of breast feeding was more common among age group 18-24 years93(42.2%), it was found to be statistically significant(x2=6.51)(p=0.039).

Conclusion:
The practice of essential newborn care still needs to improve in Bareilly; There is strong need to implement community-based interventions to improve the newborn care practices & to reduce the high-risk newborn care practices like unsafe cord care, delayed breast feeding, early bathing, Prelacteal feeding & discarding colostrum need through health workers.
IJCM_81A: A Qualitative Study to Analyze the Awareness and Attitude of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients and Other Potential End-users on mHealth Applications for Disease Management.
Authors: Skaria Geena Mary , Sabu K M , Reshmi Bhageerathy , Shetty Sahana 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Diabetes requires intense multidisciplinary management techniques based on which the disease management strategies are adjusted to control the blood glucose values. There are numerous digital diabetic management applications available online, but Indian subscribers to such applications are minimal when compared with the diabetes population in India. The COVID-19 pandemic has seen a tremendous increase in the use of glucometers and other digital applications, which is a promising factor in propagating the idea of effective usage of mHealth applications.

Objective:
To analyze awareness and attitudes among the major digital health application stakeholders toward using mHealth applications in managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).

Methodology:
An in-depth interview (IDI) was conducted among T2DM patients, their caregivers, Doctors, and Diabetes counselors (that includes, nursing counselors, and diet counselors) in the endocrinology department of a tertiary care hospital in South India.

Result:
The findings revealed that the T2DM patients, despite knowing mHealth applications for T2DM management, are not very fond of using any of them for various reasons such as language and technology barriers, complexity of handling the application, and following application instructions.

Conclusion:
It was evident that there is a growing need to create awareness about the advantages of using digital applications for disease management and develop user-oriented, user-friendly applications for better acceptance of digital devices.
IJCM_84A: Menstrual Hygiene Management: Status, Enablers and Barriers among Late Adolescent School Going Girls in Berhampore Municipality, West Bengal.
Authors: Mondal Oindrila , Ghosh Ritu , Das Dilip Kumar 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Menstrual hygiene management (MHM) encompasses use of hygienic absorbents, appropriate frequency of changing, genital hygiene and disposal. Inadequate facilities at school pose a formidable barrier for MHM.

Objective:
To assess the practices related to MHM and their correlates among school going adolescent girls aged 15-19 yrs and explore the enablers and barriers of MHM from the participant’s perspective.

Methodology:
This concurrent mixed method study with cross-sectional design and phenomenological approach for quantitative and qualitative part respectively, was undertaken in public schools of Berhampore Municipality, Murshidabad district during September-November’23. The quantitative study was contemplated among 204 eligible participants selected through multistage random sampling. Data on background variables and variables related to MHM were collected with a predesigned, pretested self-administered questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS.20. For qualitative component, In-Depth Interviews (IDI) were done on purposively selected eight participants, representing different schools and age groups. IDIs were transcribed in verbatim and thematic analysis was done.

Results:
All participants used sanitary pads; 53.9%, 17.64% and 20.5% changed pads at appropriate frequency (four times/day), cleaned external genitalia (thrice/day) and disposed in covered bins respectively. Only 11.3% had favourable MHM (at least 3 correct practices out of 4). Maternal education [(OR:3.44; (1.28-9.27)]and occupation [(OR:7.01; (2.23-21.99)], socio economic status [(OR:5.66;(1.52-21.02)], access to continuous water supply [(OR:15.40;(4.38-54.10)] and disposal facilities[(OR:2.88;(1.15-7.22)] were significantly associated with MHM. On thematic analysis major enablers explored were conducive home environment, communication with parents, access to hygienic absorbents and access to washrooms with water supply at school; lack of access to hygienic washrooms and proper disposal facility at school, long duration of school and limited communication were identified as barriers for MHM.

Conclusion:
Among the school girls in this area unfavourable MHM was alarmingly high, surfacing multiple factors amenable to change by ensuring access to proper services/facilities and communication about MHM.
IJCM_91A: A Descriptive study on Anemia among Antenatal Women in a District Hospital
Authors: Nija S P , Kuril Bina M 
Published: April 2024

Background:
In more than 80% of countries in the world, the prevalence of anemia in pregnancy is >20%, and is a major public health problem. More than 56 million women are estimated to be affected globally, approximately 32 million of them being from Asia. Severe anemia may have adverse effects on the mother and the foetus. Anemia with haemoglobin levels less than 6 g/dl is associated with poor pregnancy outcome such as prematurity, spontaneous abortions, low birth weight, and foetal deaths. Various health programs aiming anemia prevention are existing in India for many decades. Despite that, anemia affects more than half of pregnant women. Thus, this study aimed to estimate prevalence of Anemia and to study knowledge, attitude and practices of antenatal women about anemia prevention.

Objective:
a) To study factors associated with anemia in antenatal women attending district hospital. b) To study knowledge, attitude and practices of antenatal women about anemia prevention

Methodology:
A Hospital based cross-sectional study conducted among randomly selected 360 antenatal woman attending Antenatal clinic of a District Hospital from October 2023 to December 2023. Sample size was calculated using openepi. Prevalence of Anemia among antenatal women from previous study in India is 53%. Data was collected by using a predesigned semi structured interview schedule and Hb estimation was done by Sahli’s hemoglobinometer.

Results:
The Prevalence of Anemia obtained in this study was 52.76%. The prevalence of anemia in this study was more in multigravida pregnancy (p<0.001). Most of the ANC women have knowledge about consumption of Iron folic acid tablets.

Conclusion:
The Prevalence of Anemia among antenatal women obtained in this study was 52.76%. The prevalence of anemia more in multigravida. Anemia was also found to be significantly associated with risk in pregnancy. Most of the ANC women have knowledge about consumption of Iron folic acid tablets. Most of the participants got Hb estimation in first trimester.
IJCM_96A: Assessment of infant and young child feeding practices among Mothers attending maternal and child health clinic in Gulbarga Institute of medical Sciences, Kalaburagi - A Cross-sectional study
Authors: Panigrahi Sunaina , Ramesh  , Shedole Dayalaxmi T , Kumar Ajay 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Infant and young child feeding is the foundation for a child’s growth and development. Over a third of the undernourished children in the world live in India. A thorough comparison between NFHS 5 and its previous report suggests that, exclusive breast-feeding among infants under 6 months of age in Kalaburagi has decreased to 45.1% from 52%, which is concerning. Furthermore, the total number of children aged 6 to 24 months receiving an adequate diet is mere 15.4%. Despite strong data supporting the advantages of breast-feeding, the rate of breast-feeding is not high enough, indicating significant gaps that require identification and attention.

Objectives:
(1) To assess infant and young child feeding practices among mothers attending MCH clinic. (2) To determine the morbidities associated with feeding practices.

Methodology:
An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 mothers (by considering the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding as 45.1%) of children aged 0-24 months attending the MCH clinic at Gulbarga Institute of Medical Sciences using convenience sampling technique for a period of 2 months i.e., October and November 2023. Data was collected by using the WHO IYCF practices indicators questionnaire followed by interpretation in the MS Excel sheet. Data analysis will be done by using SPSS software (version 16). The results will be expressed in terms of percentages, tables and graphs using appropriate statistical tests.

Results:
The overall prevalence of early (within 1 h of delivery) initiation of breastfeeding was found to be 57.75%, and that of exclusive breastfeeding among 0-6 months infants was 49%. 64% of children received continued breastfeeding at one year old, Minimum dietary diversity, Minimum meal frequency, and Minimum acceptable diet were achieved by only 28.6%, 13.20%, 13.2%. Statistically significant association between exclusive breast feeding and diarrhoea(p=<0.0001) and ARTI(p=0.0001),Bottle feeding and Diarrhoea(p=<0.0008) and ARTI(<0.05), Minimum dietary diversity and Diarrhoea(p=0.02) were found.

Conclusion:
Poor feeding practices among children were found to have significant association with diarrhoea and ARTI. The factors influencing IYCF practices are multifaceted, hence appropriate measures must be taken at earliest.
IJCM_97A: Clinico-epidemiological profile and outcome of Severe Acute Malnutrition children admitted to the nutritional rehabilitation centre of a tertiary care hospital in Kalaburagi, Karnataka: a retrospective study
Authors: Sreeshyam K S , Gururaj N A , Ramesh  , Ajaykumar G. 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Severe acute malnutrition is the major cause for under- five morbidity and mortality. According to NFHS 5 (2019-20), 7.7% of malnourished children under 5 years in India were severely wasted and in Karnataka it is 8.4 %. There is paucity of data on risk factors and clinical outcomes related to SAM children in North Karnataka, hence the present study was conducted.

Objectives:
1. To assess the clinico-epidemiological profile of SAM children. 2. To determine the risk factors of SAM children admitted in NRC. 3. To study outcomes of SAM children admitted in NRC.

Methodology:
Study setting: Nutritional Rehabilitation Centre of Gulbarga Institute of Medical Sciences, a Tertiary care hospital in Kalaburagi. Study design: A retrospective record- based cross-sectional study Study population: All children under 5 years of age admitted with SAM in the NRC at GIMS, Kalaburagi. Study duration: December 2022- November 2023 Sample size: As per data from Medical Records Department, total number of SAM children admitted in NRC is 180 between December 2022 to November 2023. DATA COLLECTION METHOD: In all the admitted patients, a detailed history including socio demographic, clinical presentation, birth order, immunization and duration of stay in NRC, physical examination findings and investigations were collected from available records. Anthropometric measurements like weight, length /height, MUAC and weight for height were collected and analysed using WHO growth charts. The outcomes included whether the children completed duration of stay at NRC were cured with weight gain, no weight gain or succumbed to malnutrition. Inclusion criteria: All children under 5 years who were admitted and fulfilled the criteria of SAM by WHO. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Case sheets of admitted SAM children with incomplete data. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data were entered in Microsoft excel sheet and analyzed using SPSS version 20.

Results:
Among 150 SAM children analysed,77 (51.7%) males and 73(48.3%) females had weight for height below - 3SD.

Conclusion:
Hospital-based management of SAM children in NRC with adherence to updated WHO standard guidelines has helped in reducing mortality and morbidity among undernourished children.