bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lateral approach to nephrotomy in the management of unilateral renal calculi in a rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Martorell Jaime , Bailon Diego , Majó Natalia , Andaluz Anna 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Case Description—A 5-year-old 2.23-kg (4.91-lb) spayed female Lop rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) was evaluated because of a history of lethargy, polyuria, and polydipsia of 1 month's duration. The referring veterinarian made a presumptive diagnosis of hypercalcemia of unknown etiology on the basis of a plasma total calcium concentration of 14.0 mg/dL.
Clinical Findings—Physical examination findings were unremarkable. Hematologic and plasma biochemical analysis revealed nonregenerative, normocytic, normochromic anemia (PCV, 28%) with heteropenia (23%; 1,334 heterophils/mL) and a total plasma calcium concentration of 16 mg/dL. Radiographic and ultrasonographic examination revealed radiodense and hyperechoic structures in both renal pelves and right unilateral nephrolithiasis.
Treatment and Outcome—Nephrotomy was performed via laparotomy with a right lateral approach. A nephrolith composed of calcium carbonate and carbonate apatite was removed from the right renal pelvis. The rabbit's plasma tested positive for antibodies against Encephalitozoon cuniculi by means of an indirect immunofluorescence assay, and fenbendazole (20 mg/kg [9.1 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h) was administered for 28 days. Although plasma calcium concentration was not substantially decreased after treatment (values were 14.1 and 15.1 mg/dL 1 week and 3 months after surgery, respectively), the patient did not have clinical signs of hypercalcemia and died of unrelated causes approximately 1 year after surgery.
Clinical Relevance—To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a nephrotomy performed in a rabbit via a lateral abdominal approach. This approach allowed easy location of the kidney and also reduced manipulation, thus decreasing the risk of damaging the abdominal viscera and potentially decreasing postoperative pain.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellites in the lichen Buellia frigida (Physciaceae), an Antarctic endemic
Authors: Jones Tracey C. , Green T. G. A. , Hogg Ian D. , Wilkins Richard J. 
Published: March 2012

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were characterized for an Antarctic endemic, Buellia frigida, to investigate population structure and origin of Antarctic lichens.• Methods and Results: Five primer sets were characterized. All loci were polymorphic with eight to 16 alleles per locus in a sample of 59 lichens.• Conclusions: The microsatellite markers potentially provide insight into population structure and gene flow of B. frigida.
Isolation and characterization of 15 microsatellite loci in four endangered Amentotaxus species (Taxaceae)
Authors: Ho Chin‐Shang , Chen Chaur‐Tzuhn , Ko Ya‐Zhu , Ge Xue‐Jun , Hung Kuo‐Hsiang , Hsu Tsai‐Wen , Chiang Yu‐Chung 
Published: March 2012

• Premise of the study: Fifteen microsatellite loci were developed in an endangered species, Amentotaxus formosana, and were tested in an additional three species, A. argotaenia, A. yunnanensis, and A. poilanei, to evaluate the population structure for conservation efforts and reconstruct the phylogeographic patterns of this ancient lineage.• Methods and Results: Polymorphic primer sets were developed from A. formosana; the number of alleles ranged from two to 10, with an observed heterozygosity ranging from 0 to 0.60. All of the loci were found to be interspecifically amplifiable.• Conclusions: These polymorphic and transferable loci will be potentially useful for future studies that will focus on identifying distinct genetic units within species and establishing the phylogeographic patterns and the process of speciation among closely related species.
Investigation of drug–drug interaction via mechanism‐based inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A by macrolides in dexamethasone‐treated female rats
Authors: Kanazu Takushi , Sato Norihito , Kadono Kyoko , Touchi Akira , Takeda Yuri , Yamaguchi Yoshitaka , Baba Takahiko 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThe in vitro and in vivo inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A with mechanism‐based inhibition (MBI) by macrolides was investigated using dexamethasone‐treated female rats (DEX‐female rats). In the in vitro CYP inhibition studies using erythromycin (ERM) and clarithromycin (CAM), similar inhibition responses were observed between human and DEX‐female rat liver microsomes, however, there were fewer effects in intact male rats. The ex vivo study showed that midazolam (MDZ) metabolism in liver microsomes of DEX‐female rats was reduced by ERM administration and the inhibitory effect was increased with increasing ERM doses, indicating that metabolite intermediate complex formation caused irreversible inhibition of CYP3A activity in DEX‐female rats as well as in humans. In the in vivo studies, ERM and CAM significantly increased the area under the plasma concentration–time curve of MDZ and decreased the total clearance in DEX‐female rats. It was concluded that the DDIs via MBI of CYP3A following macrolide administration in humans could be reproduced in female rats, suggesting that DEX‐female rats can serve as an in vivo model for assessing this DDI in humans. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gender differences in pharmacokinetics of lumefantrine and its metabolite desbutyl‐lumefantrine in rats
Authors:   Wahajuddin, Singh Sheelendra Pratap , Jain Girish Kumar 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTLumefantrine has been reported to be mainly bio‐transformed by cytochrome P450 isozyme 3A4 to desbutyl‐lumefantrine (DLF) in human liver microsomes. Since CYP3A is expressed in a sex specific manner in rats, it could be expected that the pharmacokinetics of lumefantrine would be changed in male rats compared with those in female rats. The pharmacokinetics of lumefantrine and its active metabolite DLF were evaluated after intravenous (0.5 mg/kg) and oral (20 mg/kg) administration of lumefantrine to male and female Sprague–Dawley rats. The quantitative bioanalysis was carried out by the liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. After intravenous and oral administration of lumefantrine the area under the curve (AUC) of lumefantrine was significantly higher in female rats than that in male rats, whereas the AUC of DLF was significantly lower in female rats in comparison with male rats. This lower AUC of DLF in female rats could have been due to reduced metabolism of lumefantrine in female rats. The bioavailability (%F) of lumefantrine was 1.66 times higher in male rats than that in female rats. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improvement of probe peptides for coiled‐coil labeling by introducing phosphoserines
Authors: Ono Satoshi , Yano Yoshiaki , Matsuzaki Katsumi 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe have developed a method of rapidly labeling membrane proteins in living cells using a high‐affinity heterodimeric coiled‐coil construct containing an E3 tag (EIAALEK)3 genetically fused to the target protein and a K4 probe (KIAALKE)4 labeled with a fluorophore such as tetramethylrhodamine (TMR) at its N‐terminus (TMR‐K4). However, coiled‐coil labeling cannot be applied to highly negatively charged cell lines such as HEK293, because of the nonspecific adsorption of the positively charged K4 probes to cell membranes. To reduce the net positive charge, we synthesized new probes that include phosphoserine residues (pSer) between the K4 sequence and TMR fluorophore (TMR‐(pSer)n‐K4, [n = 1–3]). The affinity of the pSer‐introduced probes was comparable to that of the TMR‐K4 probe. However, the TMR‐(pSer)2‐K4 and TMR‐(pSer)3‐K4 probes tended to aggregate during labeling. In contrast, TMR‐pSer‐K4, which was as soluble as TMR‐K4, achieved higher signal/background ratios (30–100) for four host cell lines (HEK293, HeLa, SH‐SY5Y, and PC12) than did TMR‐K4 (∼10 for HEK293 cells), demonstrating that the improved probe can be used for various types of cells. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 98: 234–238, 2012.
Watching Nanoparticles Form: An In Situ (Small‐/Wide‐Angle X‐ray Scattering/Total Scattering) Study of the Growth of Yttria‐Stabilised Zirconia in Supercritical Fluids
Authors: Tyrsted Christoffer , Pauw Brian Richard , Jensen Kirsten Marie Ørnsbjerg , Becker Jacob , Christensen Mogens , Iversen Bo Brummerstedt 
Published: March 2012

AbstractUnderstanding nanoparticle‐formation reactions requires multi‐technique in situ characterisation, since no single characterisation technique provides adequate information. Here, the first combined small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS)/wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS)/total‐scattering study of nanoparticle formation is presented. We report on the formation and growth of yttria‐stabilised zirconia (YSZ) under the extreme conditions of supercritical methanol for particles with Y2O3 equivalent molar fractions of 0, 4, 8, 12 and 25 %. Simultaneous in situ SAXS and WAXS reveals a quick formation (seconds) of sub‐nanometre amorphous material forming larger agglomerates with subsequent slow crystallisation (minutes) into nanocrystallites. The amount of yttria dopant is shown to strongly affect the crystallite size and unit‐cell dimensions. At yttria‐doping levels larger than 8 %, which is known to be the stoichiometry with maximum ionic conductivity, the strain on the crystal lattice is significantly increased. Time‐resolved nanoparticle size distributions are calculated based on whole‐powder‐pattern modelling of the WAXS data, which reveals that concurrent with increasing average particle sizes, a broadening of the particle‐size distributions occur. In situ total scattering provides structural insight into the sub‐nanometre amorphous phase prior to crystallite growth, and the data reveal an atomic rearrangement from six‐coordinated zirconium atoms in the initial amorphous clusters to eight‐coordinated zirconia atoms in stable crystallites. Representative samples prepared ex situ and investigated by transmission electron microscopy confirm a transformation from an amorphous material to crystalline nanoparticles upon increased synthesis duration.
Desmotropy, Polymorphism, and Solid‐State Proton Transfer: Four Solid Forms of an Aromatic o‐Hydroxy Schiff Base
Authors: Rubčić Mirta , Užarević Krunoslav , Halasz Ivan , Bregović Nikola , Mališ Momir , Đilović Ivica , Kokan Zoran , Stein Robin S. , Dinnebier Robert E. , Tomišić Vladislav 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe Schiff base derived from salicylaldehyde and 2‐amino‐3‐hydroxypyridine affords a diversity of solid forms, two polymorphic pairs of the enol‐imino (D1 a and D1 b) and keto‐amino (D2 a and D2 b) desmotropes. The isolated phases, identified by IR spectroscopy, X‐ray crystallography, and 13C cross‐polarization/magnetic angle spinning (CP/MAS) NMR spectroscopy, display essentially planar molecular conformations characterized by strong intramolecular hydrogen bonds of the OH⋅⋅⋅N (D1) or NH⋅⋅⋅O (D2) type. A change in the position of the proton within this O⋅⋅⋅H⋅⋅⋅N system is accompanied by substantially different molecular conformations and, subsequently, by divergent supramolecular architectures. The appearance and interconversion conditions for each of the four phases have been established on the basis of a number of solution and solvent‐free experiments, and evaluated against the results of computational studies. Solid phases readily convert into the most stable form (D1 a) upon exposure to methanol vapor, heating, or by mechanical treatment, and these transformations are accompanied by a change in the color of the sample. The course of thermally induced transformations has been monitored in detail by means of temperature‐resolved powder X‐ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. Upon dissolution, all forms equilibrate immediately, as confirmed by NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy in several solvents, with the equilibrium shifted far towards the enol tautomer. This study reveals the significance of peripheral groups in the stabilization of metastable tautomers in the solid state.
Some Evidence for the Formation of an Azo Bond during the Electroreduction of Diazonium Salts on Au Substrates
Authors: Ricci Alejandra M. , Méndez De Leo Lucila P. , Williams Federico J. , Calvo Ernesto J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMolecular films obtained by electrochemical reduction of diazoniuim tetrafluoroborate salts [4‐carboxybenzene (PhCOOH) and 4‐amino‐(2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro)‐carboxybenzene (PhF4COOH)] on Au substrates and post‐functionalization with an osmium pyridil‐bipyridine complex are studied by a combination of X‐ray photoelectron (XPS) and polarization‐modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM‐IRRAS). The spectroscopic evidence suggests the formation of NN bonds tethering the complexes to Au. The surface coverage of the azo‐bonded osmium complexes strongly depends on the electrode potential. The resulting tethered osmium redox centres were characterized by cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy. Similar electron transfer‐rate constants were measured for both fluorinated and non fluorinated benzene‐linked Os complexes.
Rationalization of Solvation and Stabilization of Palladium Nanoparticles in Imidazolium‐Based Ionic Liquids by DFT and Vibrational Spectroscopy
Authors: Katsyuba Sergey A. , Zvereva Elena E. , Yan Ning , Yuan Xiao , Kou Yuan , Dyson Paul J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA combined DFT/vibrational spectroscopy approach is used to determine the interactions of the 1,3‐dimethylimidazolium ([Mmim]+) and 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium ([Emim]+) cations and [BF4]− anions with each other in the liquid state and with Pd nanoparticles (NPs) immersed in ionic liquids (ILs) composed of these ions. Formation of aggregates of the counter‐ions in the liquid does not have a strong influence on the interaction energy of the IL components with the palladium clusters used to model NPs, which is smaller than the energy of addition of a Pd atom to the cluster. Stronger Pd–Pd interactions in comparison to the interactions of the palladium cluster with the IL suggest kinetic stabilisation of Pd‐NPs in 1,3‐dialkylimidazolium tetrafluoroborates rather than thermodynamic stabilisation. Moreover, the palladium clusters interact more strongly with the anions than with the cations, and this suggests an important role of the anions in formation and stabilisation of Pd‐NP in ILs. At the same time, binding between an isolated Pd atom and [Mmim]+ cation is stronger than Pd–[BF4]− binding. IR and Raman spectral simulations reveal that surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy is much less sensitive to interactions of Pd‐NPs with the [BF4]− anion compared to interactions with [Mmim]+ cations. In contrast, IR spectroscopy is better suited to study the anion–metal interactions, whereas IR spectral manifestations of the cation–metal interactions are rather modest. The splitting of the strong νas(BF4−) IR band into three components appears to be a convenient spectroscopic marker for Pd–[BF4]− interactions, which is confirmed by actual spectra of Pd‐NPs stabilised by [Emim][BF4]. The IR spectra and their assignment with quantum chemical computations suggest that both the anions and cations of [Emim][BF4] interact with the Pd‐NP surface in the IL. The cation ring orientation close to the surface normal appears to be the dominant interaction. The anion is bound to the surface through either two or three fluorine atoms.
Electrochemical Evaluation of Binding Affinity for Aptamer Selection Using the Microarray Chip
Authors: Zhu Ye , Chandra Pranjal , Ban Changill , Shim Yoon‐Bo 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSimultaneous evaluation of the binding affinity of a series of aptamers toward a target molecule was investigated using an electrochemical microarray chip. The chip was modified by immobilizing seven aptamers obtained from the SELEX process and a control sequence onto gold nanoparticle‐comprised conducting polymer‐coated microarray electrodes. The chip was then incubated with the target molecule, kanamycin. The electrochemical response of the captured kanamycin was studied to evaluate the binding affinity of the aptamers, which showed the same trend with the fluorescence spectroscopic results. The lowest dissociation constant between a selected aptamer and kanamycin was determined to be 38.06±0.73 nM.
Antimony Film Electrode Prepared In Situ in Hydrogen Potassium Tartrate in Anodic Stripping Voltammetric Trace Detection of Cd(II), Pb(II), Zn(II), Tl(I), In(III) and Cu(II)
Authors: Bobrowski A. , Putek M. , Zarębski J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAn antimony film electrode (SbFE) was prepared in situ on a glassy carbon support and in a new supporting electrolyte, a saturated solution of hydrogen potassium tartrate in which Sb(III) ions were complexed using tartrate. Its performance in anodic stripping voltammetric (ASV) determination of Cd(II), Pb(II), Zn(II), Tl(I), In(III) and Cu(II) traces was examined. It was found that 1.2 mg/L of Sb(III) yields the finest quality SbFE for analytical purposes. The procedure with in situ SbFE ensures well‐defined anodic stripping voltammetric curves of the investigated elements, low detection limits (0.5–3.8 µg/L), good reproducibility (1–5 %) and satisfactory sensitivity (32–184 nA/(µg/L)).
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Oxidation Studies at Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube/Polymer Composite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Pelster Lindsey N. , Meredith Matthew T. , Minteer Shelley D. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractNADH oxidation has previously been investigated at carbon nanotube surfaces, although studies into the effect of the polymer binders are needed to fully understand whether the polymer binder affects the electrochemistry. This work details NADH oxidation at glassy carbon electrodes modified with composites containing multiwalled carbon nanotubes and selected polymer binders. NADH is shown to be oxidized at a lower potential than at glassy carbon electrodes and the oxidation potential is a function of the polymer binder. Hydrophobically modified Nafion, Nafion, linear poly(ethylenimine) (LPEI), octyl‐modified LPEI, and poly(vinylpyridine) binders were studied. Experiments showed the peak current and electrochemically assessible electrode area are dependent on the polymer binder. Overall, this paper shows that polymer binders affect NADH oxidation potential at carbon nanotube modified electrodes.
Simulations of spatial variability in particle‐size emissions during wind erosion events
Authors: Butler Harry J. , McTainsh Grant H. , Hogarth William L. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThis study simulates how spatial variations in particle‐size emissions from a playa affect bulk and size‐resolved dust concentration profiles during two contrasting wind erosion events (a small local and a large regional event) in the Channel Country, Lake Eyre Basin, Australia. The regional event had higher dust concentration as a result of stronger frontal winds and higher erodibility across the playa. For each event, two emission scenarios are simulated to determine if measured size‐resolved dust concentration profiles can be explained by spatial variability in source area emissions. The first scenario assumes that particle‐size emissions from source areas occur at a uniform rate, while the second scenario assumes that particle‐size emissions vary between and within source areas. The uniform emission scenario, reproduced measured bulk dust concentration profiles (R2 = 0·93 regional and R2 = 0·81 local), however simulated size‐resolved dust concentration profiles had poor statistical fits to measured size‐resolved profiles for each size class (the highest were R2 = 0·5 regional and R2 = 0·3 local). For the differential particle‐size emission scenario, the fit to the measured bulk dust concentration profiles is improved (R2 = 0·97 regional and R2 = 0·83 local). However, the fit to the size‐resolved profiles improved dramatically, with the lowest being R2 = 0·89 (regional) and R2 = 0·80 (local). Particle‐size emission models should therefore be tested against both bulk and size‐resolved dust concentration profiles, since if only bulk dust concentration profiles are used model performance may be over‐stated. As the source areas in the first 90 m upwind of the tower were similar for both events, the percentage contributions of each particle‐size class to total emissions can be compared. The contribution of each particle‐size class was similar even though the wind speed, turbulence and dust concentrations were significantly different; suggesting that the contribution of each particle‐size to the total emitted dusts is not related to wind speed and turbulence. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surfactant effects on the water‐stable aggregation of wettable soils from the continental USA
Authors: Lehrsch G. A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSurfactants may affect soil structure differently depending upon the soil or the quality of rainfall or irrigation water. This study examined whether the water‐stable aggregation of 11 wettable soils was affected by surfactants and the water in which the soils were sieved. The study also examined whether the wettable soils' water drop penetration time (WDPT) was affected by surfactants, water drop quality, and elapsed time since the surfactants were applied. Two nonionic surfactants and a surfactant‐free water control were sprayed (by misting) upon air‐dry soil, then WDPT was measured 1 and 72 h thereafter. Subsequently, this treated soil was slowly wetted with an aerosol to its water content at a matric potential of −3 kPa, then immediately sieved for 600 s in water that contained either appreciable or few electrolytes. Water‐stable aggregation, quantified as mean weight diameter (MWD), varied widely among soils, ranging from 0.10 to 1.36 mm. The MWDs were affected (at p = 0.06) by surfactant treatments, depending upon the soil but not sieving water quality. Surfactants affected the MWD of an Adkins loamy sand and Feltham sand, two of the three coarsest‐textured soils. Although WDPTs never exceeded 5 s, depending upon the soil WDPTs were affected by surfactant treatments but not by water drop quality. After surfactant application, WDPTs generally decreased with time for three soils but increased with time for one soil. Findings suggested that surfactants interacted (1) with clay mineralogy to affect MWD and (2) with soluble calcium to affect WDPT for certain soils. Surfactant treatments but not water quality affected both MWD and WDPT for some but not all of 11 wettable, US soils. Published 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.