bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resting membrane potential and intracellular [Na+] at rest, during fatigue and during recovery in rat soleus muscle fibres in situ
Authors: Lindinger Michael I. , Cairns Simeon P. , Sejersted Ole M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLarge trans‐sarcolemmal ionic shifts occur with fatiguing exercise or stimulation of isolated muscles. However, it is unknown how resting membrane potential (EM) and intracellular sodium concentration ([Na+]i) change with repeated contractions in living mammals. We investigated (i) whether [Na+]i (peak, kinetics) can reveal changes of Na+–K+ pump activity during brief or fatiguing stimulation and (ii) how resting EM and [Na+]i change during fatigue and recovery of rat soleus muscle in situ. Muscles of anaesthetised rats were stimulated with brief (10 s) or repeated tetani (60 Hz for 200 ms, every 2 s, for 30 s or 300 s) with isometric force measured. Double‐barrelled ion‐sensitive microelectrodes were used to quantify resting EM and [Na+]i. Post‐stimulation data were fitted using polynomials and back‐extrapolated to time zero recovery. Mean pre‐stimulation resting EM (layer 2–7 fibres) was −71 mV (surface fibres were more depolarised), and [Na+]i was 14 mM. With deeper fibres, 10 s stimulation (2–150 Hz) increased [Na+]i to 38–46 mM whilst simultaneously causing hyperpolarisations (7.3 mV for 2–90 Hz). Fatiguing stimulation for 30 s or 300 s led to end‐stimulation resting EM of −61 to −53 mV, which recovered rapidly (T1/2, 8–22 s). Mean end‐stimulation [Na+]i increased to 86–101 mM with both fatigue protocols and the [Na+]i recovery time‐course (T1/2, 21–35 s) showed no difference between protocols. These combined findings suggest that brief stimulation hyperpolarises the resting EM, likely via maximum Na+‐induced stimulation of the Na+–K+ pump. Repeated tetani caused massive depolarisation and elevations of [Na+]i that together lower force, although they likely interact with other factors to cause fatigue. [Na+]i recovery kinetics provided no evidence of impaired Na+–K+ pump activity with fatigue.
imageKey points
It is uncertain how resting membrane potential, intracellular sodium concentration ([Na+]i), and sodium–potassium (Na+–K+) pump activity change during repeated muscle contractions in living mammals.
For rat soleus muscle fibres in situ, brief tetanic stimulation for 10 s led to raised [Na+]i, anticipated to evoke maximal Na+‐induced stimulation of the Na+–K+ pump causing an immediate hyperpolarisation of the sarcolemma.
More prolonged stimulation with repeated tetanic contractions causes massive elevations of [Na+]i, which together with large depolarisations (via K+ disturbances) likely reduce force production. These effects occurred without impairment of Na+–K+ pump function.
Together these findings suggest that rapid activation of the Na+–K+ pump occurs with brief stimulation to maintain excitability, whereas more prolonged stimulation causes rundown of the trans‐sarcolemmal K+ gradient (hence depolarisation) and Na+ gradient, which in combination can impair contraction to contribute to fatigue in living mammals.
Comparison of nBCA and Onyx for Embolization of Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas
Authors: Baranoski Jacob F. , Catapano Joshua S. , Rutledge Caleb , Cole Tyler S. , Majmundar Neil , Hendricks Benjamin K. , Wilkinson D. Andrew , Cavalcanti Daniel D. , See Alfred P. , Flores Bruno C. , Jadhav Ashutosh P. , Ducruet Andrew F. , Albuquerque Felipe C. 
Published: June 2024

Background

Endovascular embolization can effectively treat spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (SDAVFs). One factor limiting the success and durability of endovascular treatments is reliably casting and occluding the draining vein. We sought to compare the efficacies of
n
‐butyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate (nBCA) and Onyx in the treatment of SDAVFs.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed patients with SDAVFs treated with endovascular embolization for whether a “durable cure” was achieved, defined as complete obliteration, clinical improvement, and sustained radiologic cure on follow‐up. We compared the outcomes of patients treated with Onyx to those treated with nBCA.

Results

A total of 40 embolizations for SDAVFs were performed in 38 patients. All patients were treated exclusively with liquid embolysates: Onyx alone (n = 22), nBCA alone (n = 16), or nBCA and Onyx combined (n = 2). For 45% (10/22) of patients treated with Onyx only, complete obliteration of the fistula with casting of the vein was not achieved. These patients were referred for microsurgical ligation. For all 16 patients treated with nBCA only, complete obliteration of the fistula was achieved. All 16 patients exhibited a durable cure compared with 11 of 22 patients (50%) in the Onyx‐only group (
P
= 0.002).

Conclusion
nBCA may be superior to Onyx for the embolization of SDAVFs. nBCA embolization is safe and effective for a subset of SDAVFs. Prospective studies comparing SDAVF treatment strategies are warranted.
The Interests of Developing States in the Area: Promoted or Neglected?
Authors: Willaert Klaas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Together with its mineral resources, ‘the Area’ – comprising the seabed and subsoil beyond the boundaries of national jurisdiction – is designated as the ‘common heritage of mankind’. One of the predominant motivations behind the principle of the common heritage of mankind was to ensure fair sharing of the benefits derived from the Area by preventing a first-come first-serve race to the bottom of the ocean, which would mainly entitle developed nations – possessing the necessary expertise, technology and financial means to engage in deep sea mining – to the mineral resources of the deep seabed and would exclude most developing States from these economic opportunities. This important objective ought to be effected through a number of measures, but most of these measures have not yet been implemented by the International Seabed Authority or seem to be undermined by current developments.
Print, Publish, Punish: The Qur’an and the Law from Colonial India to Contemporary Pakistan
Authors: Lau Martin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This paper contributes a legal and a South Asian perspective to the emerging scholarship on the materiality of the Qur’an, exploring and analysing the development of the laws and regulations that protect the Qur’an as a sacred object against the risk desecration, defilement as well as heretical translations and interpretations. Starting with the enactment of Indian Penal Code, 1860 in colonial India and ending with amendments to the Punjab Holy Quran (Printing and Recording) Act, 2011 in 2022, this paper identifies multiple layers of statutes and regulations that accompany the life-cycle of the Qur’an from ‘cradle to grave’. In analysing the legal developments that have fused the object and the text of the Qurʾan into a legal entity that demands particular interpretations of Islam, this paper identifies an Islamic state doctrine that asks and expects the Pakistani state to protect and promote Islamic law and religion in an increasing number of contexts and occasions, the protection of the Qurʾan being only one of them.
Growth, nutrient uptake, blood metabolites and bone properties in broilers consuming feed with mineral-enriched whole black soldier fly larvae
Authors: Seyedalmoosavi M.M. , Daş G. , Mielenz M. , Maak S. , Wolf P. , Metges C.C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The recycling of minerals is crucial for the future circular agriculture. Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) can accumulate minerals in their body. This study investigated the effects of adding mineral-enriched BSFL, grown on substrates containing sewage sludge recyclates (SSR), to broiler feed to reintroduce minerals from waste streams currently subject to regulatory restrictions back into the nutrient cycle. Feed, nutrient, mineral and heavy metal intake, growth, blood metabolites and immunoglobulins, bone characteristics and mineral status of broilers were studied in response to different mineral-enriched BSFL supplements. Eighty newly-hatched mixed-sex Ross 308 chicks were divided into four groups, with six replicate pens per group. BSFL used in the broiler experiment were grown either on a modified Gainesville fly diet (FD) (L-FD) or on FD supplemented with 4% of sewage sludge biochar (L-BCH), or on the FD supplemented with Single Superphosphate (SSP) SSR (L-SSP). All broilers were fed age-specific diets and either had no access to BSFL (CON) or received 15% of CON birds’ feed intake as defrosted BSFL from three different sources. Inclusion of 15% of mineral-enriched whole BSFL in broiler rations had no adverse effects on growth performance parameters, nutrient intakes, nutrient conversion efficiency, plasma metabolites and immunoglobulins (). Birds in BSFL supply groups had higher serum Ca concentrations than CON birds (). L-BCH supplied birds had a lower serum P than CON birds (). Tibial characteristics and mineral status of birds were not affected by larvae supply (). Heavy metal intake (manganese, iron, zinc, copper, arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury) of the birds was not affected by dietary treatments (). In conclusion, 15% of mineral-enriched-BSFL reared on SSP can be included in broiler diets for 42 experimental days without adverse effects on nutrient intakes, growth performance parameters and bone condition.
Nutrient profiles and browning control of wasp larvae
Authors: Wang K. , Zhu H. , Chen X. , Qiao J. , Huang G. , Haubruge E. , Dong J. , Zhang H. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Entomophagy, the practice of consuming insects, has long been recognized as a sustainable and renewable source of food. This study aimed at assessing the nutritional value of three species of wasp larvae (Provespa barthelemyi, Vespa mandarinia, and V. velutina) and explore effective strategies to address enzymatic browning during processing. The study reveals that wasp larvae exhibit considerable potential as a dietary resource, primarily due to their high protein content, more than 50% of the total dry matter. Remarkably, the presence of vitamin B2 in wasp larvae was unexpectedly high, with an average concentration of 2.20 mg/100 g. Additionally, enzymatic browning process in wasp larvae is closely associated with phenol oxidase (PO) activity. The simultaneous treatment of ascorbic acid at a concentration of 0.2% (w/v) and high hydrostatic pressure at 300 MPa significantly inhibited PO activity. Notably, the combined treatment exhibited a certain degree of efficacy in retaining the taste and texture of the larvae. To the best of our knowledge, this study pioneers the novel combined treatment aimed at mitigating browning in wasp larvae. Overall, our research reveals that wasp larvae boast a wealth of nutritional components, rendering them as a new resource food. Our research also provides an innovative approach for wasp processing.
Borderlands, Self-Rule Movements and State-Society Relations in Chiapas and Northern Syria from a Historical Perspective
Authors: Castillo Quiñones Juan Carlos 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This paper addresses the historical and conjunctural drivers underlying the emergence of the pro-Kurdish Democratic Union Party (PYD) and the pro-Mayan Zapatista National Liberation Army (EZLN), asking how the geographical location of ethnic groups is related to the emergence of self-rule movements. To investigate this, a comparative historical review of state-society relations in Chiapas and Northern Syria was implemented in combination with frame analysis. I argue that the historical location of the Kurdish and Mayan populations in the borderlands of, first, former empires and, later, of their nation-states, has led the PYD and the EZLN to elaborate similar political projects that challenge traditional models of political autonomy. Through the prism of borderlands history, the paper prioritizes an approach from the “margins” and “peripheries” over that of the national centres of power.
Variability in Inner Ear Morphology Among a Family With Pendred Syndrome Due to a SLC26A4 Gene Variant
Authors: Chen Yung-Hsuan , Lin Wei-Che , Hwang Chung-Feng , Tsai Meng-Han , Yang Chao-Hui 
Published: June 2024

Objectives: Pendred syndrome, an autosomal recessive disorder, is often associated with pathogenic variants of the SLC26A4 gene that encodes the pendrin protein. Given its autosomal recessive inheritance, tracing the family history and screening siblings become crucial once a diagnosis of Pendred syndrome is confirmed. This case report aims to underscore the variability in inner ear morphology within a family diagnosed with Pendred syndrome, all carrying the same SLC26A4 gene mutation. Methods: A chart review and a review of the literature. Results: We present a family of 4, all of whom possess sensorineural hearing loss due to the same homozygous SLC26A4 variant c.919-2A>G. Intriguingly, clinical manifestations, especially inner ear deformities, displayed variability among family members. Notably, 1 family member exhibited a normal cochleovestibular structure morphology, which was rarely reported in the literature. Conclusions: This report highlights the significance of genetic testing and familial consultation when a proband exhibits typical Pendred syndrome symptoms. It also underscores that the inner ear morphology can exhibit variability among family members, even with the same homozygous SLC26A4 variant.
Management of Parapharyngeal Metastatic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Via a Combined Trans-Cervical and Trans-Oral Robotic Approach
Authors: Hyvrard Clémentine , Couineau Florent , Rigal Tiffany , Louerat Serena , Hans Stéphane , Baudouin Robin 
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Medullary thyroid carcinoma constitutes 5% to 10% of all thyroid cancers. Metastatic adenopathies may pose challenges in intricate anatomical locations, such as the parapharyngeal space. A rare case of metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma in the parapharyngeal space has been treated in our unit using combined trans-cervical trans-oral robotic surgery. Our objective was to provide a detailed description of the surgery performed on this patient. Method: We reported a singular case report worth of interest. Result: A 42-year-old woman was addressed in our unit for the management of a medullary thyroid carcinoma adenopathy located in the right parapharyngeal space. A parapharyngeal 40.0 mm × 25.0 mm × 12.0 mm adenopathy was removed using a combined trans-cervical and trans-oral robotic approach without sacrifice or injury of vascular or nervous structure. Neither the tracheostomy nor the feeding tube was implemented. Feeding was resumed on postoperative day 1 and hospitalization spanned 7 days. Conclusion: An innovative combined trans-cervical and trans-oral robotic surgery approach was conducted to address a metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma in the parapharyngeal space. This surgical technique allowed us to circumvent the need for a trans-mandibular approach, tracheostomy, and feeding tube and enabling successful tumor removal without fragmentation. Postoperative care was significantly eased. The sole complication observed was dysphonia, likely resulting from intra-operative stretching of the vagus nerve during the dissection of the carotid artery.
Bound by Experience: Updating the Body Representation When Using Virtual Objects
Authors: Eck Julia , Pfister Roland 
Published: June 2024

Objective Four web-based experiments investigated flexibility of disembodiment of a virtual object that is no longer actively controlled. Emphasis was on possibilities to modify the timescale of this process. Background Interactions with virtual objects are commonplace in settings like teleoperation, rehabilitation, and computer-aided design. These objects are quickly integrated into the operator’s body schema (embodiment). Less is known about how long such embodiment lasts. Understanding the dynamics of this process is crucial because different applied settings either profit from fast or slow disembodiment. Method To induce embodiment, participants moved a 2D virtual hand through operating a computer mouse or touchpad. After initial embodiment, participants either stopped or continued moving for a fixed period of time. Embodiment ratings were collected continuously during each trial. Results Results across all experiments indicated that embodiment for the virtual hand gradually increased during active use and gradually decreased after stopping to use it. Disembodiment unfolded nearly twice as fast as embodiment and showed a curved decay pattern. These dynamics remained unaffected by anticipation of active control that would be required in an upcoming task. Conclusion The results highlight the importance of continuously experiencing active control in virtual interactions if aiming at inducing stable embodiment of a virtual object. Application Our findings suggest that applications of virtual disembodiment such as virtual tools or interventions to affect a person’s body representation critically depend on continuous updating of sensorimotor experience. However, if switching between virtual objects, for example, during teleoperation or video gaming, after-effects are unlikely to affect performance.
Comparative analysis of the efficacy and safety of different methods for injecting polidocanol in the treatment of venous malformations
Authors: Peng Wei , Li Xin , Wu Rongjie , Xiong Shiyu , Huang Haijin , Zeng Yong , Chen Feng , Liu Qian , Liu Haijin 
Published: June 2024

Objective To compare and analyze the efficacy and safety of different methods for injecting polidocanol in the treatment of venous malformations. Methods The medical records of patients with venous malformations in our hospital from April 2021 to April 2023 were analyzed retrospectively, and they were divided into control group ( n = 38) and observation group ( n = 20) according to different treatment methods. Control group was injected with polidocanol under ultrasound guidance, while observation group was injected with polidocanol under digital subtraction angiography (DSA) monitoring. Therapeutic effects of observation group and control group after 3-6 months of treatment were compared and analyzed, and complications that can be used to reflect the safety of treatment in two groups were collected and recorded. Results After treatment, the total effective rates of observation group and control group were 97.37% (37/38) and 75.00% (15/20) respectively, with significant differences (both p < .05). After 3-6 months of treatment, 13 complications occurred in observation group, while 16 occurred in control group. The number of complications in observation group was 6, with an incidence rate of 15.78%; while that in control group was 9, with an incidence rate of 45.00%, with a significant difference ( p < .05). There were no significant differences among other baseline data, age and complications between two groups (all p > .05). Conclusion Injection of polidocanol in patients with venous malformations under DSA monitoring was more effective and safer.
Interfacial reinforcement of aramid composites through amino SiO2 interphase for ballistic application
Authors: Yue Hangyu , Han Feilong , Zhang Ya , Wang Chenghao , Zong Lishuai , Wang Jinyan , Jian Xigao 
Published: June 2024

The aramid fiber reinforced polyurethane composites (AF@PU), which exhibit high strength and lightweight characteristics, have attracted widespread concerns for advanced personal protective systems. However, the interface is essential to influence the stress transfer efficiency but frequently overlooked. In this work, polydopamine and γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane modified SiO2 (m-SiO2) were utilized to strengthen the interface. Attributing to the strong bonding strength between fibers and polymer resins improved by m-SiO2 at the interface, the tensile, flexural, and compressive strength of m-SiO2/AF@PU are maximally increased. The deposition of abundant m-SiO2 enhances the interface roughness, the interfacial peeling strength of the m-SiO2/AF@PU is increased by 490.4%, and the interlaminar shear strength is increased by 51.1%. In addition, m-SiO2/AF@PU demonstrates the maximal energy absorption value; the ballistic limit velocity is improved from 449.8 m s−1 of AF@PU to 508.5 m s−1 of m-SiO2/AF@PU. This work highlights the interface strengthening and ballistic performance, thus providing an efficient guideline for the design of next-generation fiber reinforced polymer resin composites.
Cellulose crystalline structure and thermal properties under heat treatment: An investigation by two-dimensional correlation of near infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry
Authors: Mahdiyanti Siti Hanifah , Asaoka Masaki , Inagaki Tetsuya , Tsuchikawa Satoru 
Published: June 2024

This study investigated the thermal behavior and crystallinity of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) under heat treatment using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results showed that heat treatment reduced the crystallinity and thermal stability of MCC at a certain point, and that the changes in the chemical components and structure of MCC were correlated with the heat flow measured by DSC. The analysis was performed using two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS), which revealed the simultaneous changes in the NIR second-derivative spectra and the DSC thermograms of heat-treated MCC. Linear regression analysis showed a high r2 value of 0.90 between the DSC enthalpy change at 270 °C–400°C and the PC1 score of NIR second-derivative spectra at 7500–4100 cm−1. The 2DCOS synchronous map showed a positive correlation at 6656–6229 cm−1 with a r value of 0.70–0.98 for the endothermic reaction, and a negative correlation at 6229; 5620; 5401; 4844; 4535 cm−1 with a r value of −0.90 to −0.99 for the exothermic reaction. This study extended the knowledge on the thermal behavior and decomposition mechanisms of heat-treated MCC, and provided a useful method for cellulose characterization and identification.
Patient Perceptions of Specialist Palliative Care Intervention in Surgical Oncology Care
Authors: Williams Molly T. , Martin Sara F. , Karlekar Mohana , Diehl Carolyn , Beskow Laura M. , Shinall Myrick C. 
Published: June 2024

Introduction Surgical oncology patients have a high symptom burden and increased risk of morbidity. The aim of palliative care is to evaluate and treat the patient in a holistic manner focusing on the unique attributes of each patient. This goal-concordant approach could help surgical patients cope with the stress and uncertainty that often accompany serious illness and surgery, improving overall outcomes. This qualitative analysis sought to explore whether unmet specialist palliative care or end-of-life needs exist in this population. Methods Qualitative interviews were completed with a subset of participants in a randomized, controlled trial of a specialist palliative care intervention for patients undergoing abdominal oncologic surgery. The interview guide sought to elicit respondents’ perceptions of palliative care and end-of-life needs perioperatively and postoperatively. Recurring themes were identified by two independent coders. Results Analysis of 47 interview transcripts revealed few serious concerns about end-of-life issues, however appreciation for the supportive presence offered by palliative care was present. Among participants who received specialist palliative care, many found the intervention helpful, but few were able to articulate issues that the intervention improved. Conclusion These findings suggest low levels of unmet palliative care needs among this population, which is consistent with the results of the parent trial. Targeting patients with a higher symptom burden perioperatively may allow for improved symptom management and better adherence to the treatment plan postoperatively, as well as be a more focused use of specialist palliative care clinicians’ efforts.