bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
0078 The Brain Fails to Pre-activate the Low-level Stimulus-features of an Expected Stimulus
Authors: Topalidis Pavlos , Resinger Lisa , Schubert Juliane , Weisz Nathan , Schabus Manuel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
It has been suggested that the human brain is involved in actively predicting upcoming sensory inputs based on previous experience. The extent to which such a mechanism operates during sleep remains elusive. Studies utilizing mismatch negativity (MMN) paradigms report disruption of hierarchical predictive coding in sleep, while others argue for limited but preserved detection of the violation of predictions. Here, we inquire, for the first time, whether the brain actually pre-activates the features of an expected stimulus during sleep.

Methods
In a passive listening nap design (2.5 hours nap opportunity), participants (N=34) listened to sequences of four different auditory tones varying in pitch, presented at a fixed rate of 3 Hz, while we collected simultaneous Electroencephalography (EEG) and Magnetoencephalography (MEG) data. By manipulating the transition probabilities of the tones, we created random and predictable tone sequences. We analyzed the MEG data using multi-level pattern analysis (MVPA) to decode low-level tone properties and to search for evidence of stimulus pre-activations in the predictable tone sequences, when predicting the next tone from the previous one was actually possible. We performed cluster-based permutation across time, time-generalization, as well as cross-state decoding to identify significant above-chance classification time points.

Results
The results indicate that subtle changes in pitch, reflecting low-level stimulus features, are decodable in N1 and N2 sleep. This is in line with previous studies showing preserved but attenuated cortical activations related to the processing of low-level stimulus properties during sleep. Neural codes between states appear to be similar, as we observed high cross-state classification accuracies. In wakefulness, evidence of neural codes of the expected stimuli was found in the prestimulus interval, but this was not observed in N1 and N2 sleep, suggesting disrupted predictive abilities even in light sleep

Conclusion
Processing of low-level stimulus features persists in sleep, but the detection of stimulus statistics appears to be disrupted.

Support (if any)
We would like to express our gratitude to the Doctoral College 'Imaging the Mind' for their financial support (FWF, Austrian Science Fund: W 1233-B)."
0081 Sleep as a Mediator Between Housing Conditions and Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Johnson Dayna , Ward Laura 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Adverse housing conditions are associated with cognitive impairment; however, the mechanism is not fully understood. Adverse housing can affect sleep – an essential physiologic activity for cognitive function, yet this pathway is understudied. We tested associations between housing condition, sleep disturbances, and cognitive impairment.

Methods
This study utilized data from the Health and Retirement Study, a longitudinal panel study among adults (2020). Participants (n=2,346) completed questionnaires on housing, sleep disturbances, and cognition. Housing was measured by self-reported ratings of their homes physical condition (1-excellent to 5-poor), and further categorized as poor/fair vs. excellent/very good/good. Sleep disturbances were self-reported as trouble falling asleep, trouble waking up during the night, and trouble with waking up too early and not being able fall asleep again, and each item was scored from 0 (rarely/never) to 2 (most of the time). Subjective and objective cognitive impairment was defined as a participant rating of fair or poor regarding their memory at the present time and by diagnostic classification, respectively. Logistic regression models were fit to test associations between housing and sleep and cognitive impairment after adjustment for covariates. A bootstrapped, model based, causal mediation analysis was conducted to calculate the effect of sleep on housing and cognition.

Results
The sample had a mean age of 66.5 + 0.21 years, and 56% were female, 10% Black, 80% White, and 10% other racial group. There was a high prevalence of cognitive impairment (subjective: 25%, objective: 34%) and sleep disturbance (38%). Individuals living in fair/poor vs. excellent/very good/good housing conditions had higher odds of sleep disturbances [Adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR)=3.72, 95% confidence interval (1.89, 7.36)] and cognitive impairment [Subjective aOR=3.74 (1.73, 8.06) and Objective aOR=4.71 (2.07, 10.70)], respectively. Sleep disturbances were associated with higher odds of cognitive impairment [Subjective aOR=2.42(1.51, 3.88) and Objective aOR=1.72 (1.04, 2.87)]. The formal mediation results showed that sleep partially mediated the association between housing and cognitive decline (15% subjective and 9% objective).

Conclusion
Results suggest that sleep may explain a portion of the association between housing conditions and cognitive impairment. Targeting sleep and determinants of sleep (i.e., housing), may reduce cognitive impairment.

Support (if any)
NHLBI R01HL157954
0089 Examination of Post-arousal Hypersynchrony in the First-night Effect
Authors: Suzuki Yoko , Suzuki Chihiro , Abe Takashi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The first-night effect (FNE) is a sleep disturbance caused by sleeping in a new environment. FNE observed on polysomnography includes increased wakefulness and sleep instability. Post-arousal hypersynchrony (PAH) is an arousal subtype with a post-arousal delta wave burst that antagonizes arousal and maintains sleep (Suzuki et al., 2021). Furthermore, we have shown that PAH correlates with the number of arousals; increased arousals increases PAH. Therefore, we hypothesized that the FNE would increase arousal and PAH.

Methods
Fifteen healthy adults (five women, mean ± standard deviation 21.7 ± 1.6 years) undergoing first-time polysomnography were included. After three days of sleep-wake cycle control before measurement, four nights of polysomnography were performed in the laboratory. A registered polysomnographic technologist blindly scored the participants’ sleep stages and analyzed PAH. Linear mixed models and non-parametric tests were performed on sleep variables and PAH for changes from the first to fourth measurement night.

Results
Sleep variables did not change significantly with the number of measurements. Contrary to our hypothesis, there was no FNE on the number of arousals. The number of PAH had a significant main effect on the number of measurements, showing a significant decrease on the fourth night compared to the first night.

Conclusion
Sleep variables, including arousal, were not affected by the FNE, whereas PAH was. The lack of a FNE on the sleep variables may be due to a ceiling effect caused by sleep in young healthy adults. Since the number of arousals showed no changes, the FNE of PAH could not be explained regarding inhibition on arousal, such as a role in sleep maintenance. The decreased number of PAH sleep measurements may indicate sleep stabilization.

Support (if any)
This study was supported by JSPS KAKENHI under grant number JP 23K14436 and Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development under grant number JP21zf0127005.
1001 The Role of Neurobehavioral Symptoms in the Relationship Between Insomnia Severity and Sleep Quality
Authors: Watson Kennedi , Gehrman Philip , Brownlow Janeese 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Sleep disturbance is a common symptom following head trauma. About half of those who have suffered head trauma will experience disruptions in sleep. Further, moderate to severe traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) may increase the risk for frontotemporal lobe damage, contributing to cognitive impairments. Additionally, addressing problems related to TBI among emerging adults are warranted given that brain structural maturation may be accompanied by emotional, behavioral, and cognitive changes, including changes in sleep. This study examined the role of neurobehavioral symptoms in the relationship between insomnia severity and sleep quality.

Methods
Data were obtained from adults (N=151; Mean age=24.71 (SD=9.9); 75.5% Female) who completed self-report measures. The Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) was used to evaluate symptoms commonly associated with post-concussion syndrome that may emerge after a mild TBI. The Insomnia Severity Index assessed for the nature, severity, and impact of insomnia symptoms with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index assessed for sleep quality, and disturbance, with lower scores indicating better sleep quality. All statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS version 29, along with Hayes PROCESS macro for mediation analyses.

Results
Significant correlations were found between insomnia severity and neurobehavioral symptoms (r=.537, p&lt;.001). Data also showed positive associations between sleep quality and insomnia severity (r=.681, p&lt;.001) and neurobehavioral symptoms (r=.587, p&lt;.001), respectively. There was a significant total effect between insomnia severity and sleep quality (B=.507, p&lt;.001), and path a (B=1.26, p&lt;.001) and path b (B=.099, p&lt;.001) were both significant. Finally, when neurobehavioral symptoms entered the relationship between insomnia severity and sleep quality, the direct effect (B=.383, p&lt;.001) was significant. The bias corrected 95% CI was .124 and CI 95% = .067 to .192 which excluded zero. Thus, neurobehavioral symptoms are considered a mediator for insomnia severity on sleep quality.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that neurobehavioral symptoms are associated with both sleep disturbance and sleep quality. The impact of neurobehavioral symptoms appeared to be indirectly due to the effects of sleep disturbance on poor sleep quality. These results suggest that while sleep-focused interventions may be warranted, it is anticipated that improved sleep may result in improved neurobehavioral outcomes.

Support (if any)
NIGMS-P20GM103653
1007 Solriamfetol on Cognition in Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Impaired Cognition
Authors: Van Dongen Hans , Leary Eileen , Eglit Graham , Drake Christopher , Bogan Richard , Jaeger Judith 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Cognitive impairment is a burdensome symptom in many patients with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Solriamfetol (Sunosi®) is a dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, with agonistic properties at TAAR1 and serotonin 1A receptors, approved to treat EDS associated with OSA (37.5–150 mg/day). We evaluated the effect of solriamfetol on subjective cognitive function by examining overall scores and individual cognitive complaint and functional items of the British Columbia-Cognitive Complaints Inventory (BC-CCI).

Methods
SHARP was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial in participants with impaired cognition associated with OSA and EDS. Participants received solriamfetol for 2 weeks (75 mg for 3 days, then 150 mg/day), and placebo for 2 weeks, separated by a 1-week wash out. Items of the BC-CCI included forgetfulness/memory problems, slow thinking speed, trouble expressing thoughts, trouble finding the right word, poor concentration, trouble figuring things out, and vocational, family/friends, and social/recreational functioning. Mixed models with repeated measures were used to examine differences in changes from baseline between placebo and solriamfetol.

Results
The SHARP study enrolled 59 participants (ages 52.2±10.7y; 36% female). Baseline overall BC-CCI scores were 11.4±2.5 (mean±SD); scores were comparable in participants randomized to the solriamfetol/placebo (n=30; mean=11.4) versus placebo/solriamfetol (n=29; mean=11.4) crossover sequences. Overall BC-CCI scores showed greater reduction from baseline (ie, more improvement in subjective cognitive function) after solriamfetol compared with place bo (P=0.002; Cohen’s d=0.45). Baseline scores on individual BC-CCI items were generally similar for participants randomized to solriamfetol/placebo versus placebo/solriamfetol. Solriamfetol led to greater reductions from baseline compared with placebo in poor concentration (P=0.007; d=0.37), slow thinking speed (P=0.009; d=0.36), trouble finding the right word (P=0.042; d=0.28), trouble figuring things out (P=0.030; d=0.30), and forgetfulness/memory problems (P=0.013; d=0.34). Trouble expressing thoughts approached significance (P=0.077; d=0.24). No significant differences were found for vocational, family/friends, and social/recreational functioning (P&gt;0.05).

Conclusion
Consistent with previous reports showing improvement on objective cognitive measures, solriamfetol led to significant subjective improvements overall, and particularly in subjective cognitive domains that may be related to memory, executive functioning, and processing speed. Solriamfetol can improve subjective cognitive functioning in participants with impaired cognition associated with OSA and EDS.

Support (if any)
Axsome Therapeutics, Jazz Pharmaceuticals
0101 Effects of Combined Hand and Foot Bathing on Heat Dissipation, Daytime Sleep Structure, and Gender Difference
Authors: Saotome An , Hagita Maki , Saito Rinna , Fujiki Yuka , Fushimi Momo , Aritake-Okada Sayaka 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Recent reports have highlighted the usefulness of partial body bathing, such as foot bathing, in nursing care and caregiving. However, many studies have focused on subjective evaluations; limited attention has been given to the objective evaluation and underlying mechanisms of these bathing practices. In this study, we investigated the relationships among heat dissipation due to combined hand and foot warm bathing, changes in body temperature, and objective sleep structures and examined potential sex-related differences in these parameters among healthy subjects. This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Saitama Prefectural University.

Methods
Thirty healthy adults (14 men, 16 women; mean age, 21.47 ± 1.50 years) participated in a 2-day experiment involving a baseline condition (35ºC) and warm bath condition (40ºC) using a crossover design. Under each condition, the participants took a 15-minute hand and foot bath during the day, followed by 1-hour daytime polysomnography. We measured distal skin temperatures (hands and feet) and proximal skin temperatures (subclavian region and forehead) to determine the distal–proximal skin temperature gradient (DPG). We also measured the core body temperature. A registered polysomnographic technologist scored the sleep stages in 30-second epoch periods according to the Scoring Manual of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine.

Results
The DPG during bathing, after bathing, and during sleep was significantly higher in the warm bath than baseline condition. In addition, the duration of slow-wave sleep was longer in the warm bath condition, especially at 20 to 40 minutes after bedtime. With respect to sex-related differences, the DPG during the sleep period was significantly higher and the duration of slow-wave sleep in the warm bath condition was significantly longer in women than in men. There was no significant difference in the DPG between the baseline and warm bath conditions in men.

Conclusion
A 15-minute combined hand and foot warm bath promoted heat dissipation and increased the duration of slow-wave sleep. Heat dissipation was accelerated only in women, suggesting sex-related differences in heat dissipation during sleep, even under partial bathing conditions. In future research, we will examine the factors contributing to the sex-related differences found in this study.

Support (if any)
1015 Evaluation of Actigraphy Sensors: Detecting Daytime Sleep After Stroke in an Inpatient Rehabilitation Hospital
Authors: Wang Jiayi , Sindorf Jacob , Chen Pin-Wei , Wu Jessica , Gonzales Adrian , Mattison McKenzie , Nguyen Amy , O’Brien Megan , Sunderrajan Aashna , Knutson Kristen , Zee Phyllis , Wolfe Lisa , Fiala Justin , Arora Vineet , Jayaraman Arun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS) is common poststroke, significantly impacting rehabilitation participation and quality of life. Early detection of EDS through prolonged daily sleep and wake monitoring is crucial for prompt intervention and improved care. Actigraphy is a promising sleep monitoring technique that circumvents the high cost and low portability of extended polysomnography and the limited reliability of self-reporting. While actigraphy is often used in healthy adults, its application to daytime sleep measurement in the poststroke population remains unexplored. This study assesses the efficacy of actigraphy and its commonly used scoring algorithms to detect daytime sleep in the poststroke population.

Methods
ActiGraph wGT3X-BT and ActiWatch Spectrum were placed on the less affected wrist of participants. Trained observers monitored daytime sleep occurrences by checking on participants every 10 minutes during non-therapy periods, recording behaviors as active, sedentary, or asleep. The average observation period for each participant was approximately eight hours. Actigraphy data were cross-referenced with on-site, time-specific observations. Both the ActiWatch (Autoscore AMRI) and ActiGraph (Cole Kripke, Sadeh) use non-data-driven algorithms to estimate wake (0) or sleep (1) given a user-determined parameter. We computed an F2 score to summarize the algorithm’s performance at differentiating wake and sleep, placing more weight on the algorithm’s sensitivity to capture daytime sleep.

Results
Twenty-seven individuals (19F/8M; average age 62.33 ± 3.04 years) were recruited from the poststroke inpatient unit of a rehabilitation hospital. The ActiGraph Cole-Kripke algorithm (configured with minimum sleep time=15 mins, bedtime=10 mins, and wake time=10 mins) yielded the highest F2 score (F2=0.59), outperforming Sadeh (F2=0.57) and ActiWatch ARMI (F2=0.52) algorithms under their respective optimized parameters. When exclusively considering data from participants lying in bed, the ActiGraph device consistently achieved superior performance (F2=0.69) with the same optimized Cole-Kripke settings.

Conclusion
In poststroke patients in an inpatient rehabilitation unit, ActiGraph (Cole-Kripke) was better than ActiWatch in detecting daytime sleep. The results could help inform specific algorithms and parameters that can be readily implemented for daytime sleep monitoring and EDS detection in poststroke patients. Future considerations for enhanced algorithms should include posture detection to maximize efficacy.

Support (if any)
NIH R01HD097786-01A1.
1016 Fractional Anisotropy Predicts Self-Report Sleep Scores During Recovery from Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Reich-Fuehrer Melissa Melissa , Huskey Alisa , Desai Shivani , Franca Gabriela , Patterson Dianne , Killgore William 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Diffusion Tensor Imaging is a structural neuroimaging technique used to assess white matter tract integrity, and a primary metric of this technique is fractional anisotropy (FA). Our assumption is that individuals who have sustained a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) may have structural damage that could be reflected in FA values. As increased sleep problems are commonly reported after an mTBI, we hypothesized that individuals with lower FA values would report more sleep difficulty.

Methods
This cross-sectional study included 145 adults and compared healthy controls (HC; N=32) to individuals recovering from mTBI (N=113) at different stages post-injury: 2 weeks and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); higher scores on this measure indicate worse sleep quality. Participants underwent a diffusion weighted MRI scan. We used the QSIPrep preprocessing and reconstruction pipeline to extract fractional anisotropy (FA) values for 22 white matter tracts (WMTs). We ran a stepwise linear regression to determine if the average FA values of different WMTs could contribute to a model that predicts individuals PSQI global score.

Results
The stepwise linear regression revealed two significant predictors of participants’ PSQI global scores. Together, the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF) and right vertical occipital fasciculus (VOF) accounted for significant variance in self-report sleep scores (R²=.094, F(2,139)=7.185, p=.001). The left ILF had an inverse relationship with PSQI global score (β=-.344, p&lt;.001), such that greater FA in this tract was associated with lower sleep difficulty scores. The right VOF had a positive relationship with PSQI (β=.202, p=.029), such that greater FA in the right VOF was associated with greater sleep difficulties. Post-hoc correlations showed that this positive relationship was driven by the daytime dysfunction subscale of the PSQI (p=.004).

Conclusion
Contrary to our hypothesis, we found a mixed pattern of associations between FA values and self-reported sleep. However, this may be due to the right VOF being more associated with waking dysfunction, as opposed to sleep-related dysfunction. Delving more deeply into wake versus sleep promoting WMTs may further illuminate why structural integrity has mixed effects on functioning (i.e., sleep) and performance.

Support (if any)
USAMRAA Grant: W81XWH1210386
1017 Healthy Sleep, Healthy Mind: Examining the Relationship Between Objective Sleep Measures and Delirium Development
Authors: Nameth Kyle , Sugg Elizabeth , Cai Ruixue , Haghayegh Shahab , Gao Chenlu , Li Peng , Hu Kun , Gao Lei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Delirium is a sudden, transient, but reversible neurological condition as a result of acute stressors, such as hospitalization for surgery or acute illness, and predisposed by many underlying conditions, including age, cognitive decline, and multiple comorbidities. We recently showed that self-reported sleep disturbances prior to surgery or illness are associated with an increased risk of delirium. The current study aimed to test whether objective sleep measures derived from actigraphy predict incident delirium.

Methods
Using the UK Biobank, we analyzed actigraphy data of ~ 7 days collected from 57,556 middle-older aged UK Biobank participants who had at least one hospitalization event during follow-up of up to 8 years. Four measures were extracted from the actigraphy data to objectively define daily sleep behavior: overnight sleep duration (between 9pm-7am), wake after sleep onset (WASO), daytime sleep duration (between 9am-7pm), and daytime sleep frequency. Cox proportional hazards models analyzed whether these sleep behaviors predicted an increased risk of incident delirium defined using the IDC-10 coding (specifically, code F05).

Results
In total, 606 individuals developed delirium (10.5/1,000) after the actigraphy assessment. A U-shaped relationship between overnight sleep duration and delirium risk was observed: short (&lt; 7h) overnight sleepers (OR 1.23, 95% CI: 1.02-1.49, p=0.029) and long (&gt;8h) overnight sleepers (OR 1.44, 95% CI: 1.01-2.04, p=0.043) had greater relative risk compared to 7-8h sleepers. Participants with longer daytime sleep duration (OR 1.46, 95% CI: 1.35-1.59, p&lt; 0.001) and more frequent daytime sleep (OR 1.15, 95% CI: 1.11-1.18, p&lt; 0.001) also showed an increased risk of delirium development. WASO was not significantly associated with the risk of delirium development.

Conclusion
Nocturnal sleep duration, daytime sleep duration, and daytime sleep frequency were associated with an increased risk for delirium. Further studies are required to confirm the present results, understand the underlying pathophysiology behind the relationship, and test whether optimizing sleep health can reduce the risk of developing delirium.

Support (if any)
Dr. L Gao is funded by the NIH grant R03AG067985 and the Alzheimer’s Association Clinician Scientist Fellowship (AACSF) grant AACSF-23-1148490