bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Similar Peritonitis Outcome in Capd and APD Patients with Dialysis Modality Continuation during Peritonitis
Authors: Rüger Wim , van Ittersum Frans J. , Comazzetto Luiz F. , Hoeks Sanne E. , ter Wee Pieter M. 
Published: June 2010

Background As few data exist on treatment of peritonitis in patients on automated peritoneal dialysis (APD), and as pharmacokinetics of several antibiotics are reported to be unfavorable in APD, some favor switching to continuous ambulant PD (CAPD) while treating APD-related peritonitis. We explored whether treating peritonitis with patients continuing their usual PD modality had an effect on outcome. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of the 508 episodes of PD-associated peritonitis seen in 205 patients in our center from January 1993 to January 2007. During this period, the standard initial therapy for PD-related peritonitis was a combination of intraperitoneal gentamicin and rifampicin. Results There was no difference in cure rate between CAPD and APD groups. Likewise, initial and maximal leukocyte counts in the PD fluid (PDF), relapse rates, catheter removal rates, and death during treatment of peritonitis were similar in the CAPD and APD groups. Median (interquartile range) duration of elevated leukocyte count in PDF was longer in APD: 5.0 (3.0 – 9.0) days versus 4.0 (2.5 – 7.0) days in CAPD ( p <0.001). APD patients were treated with antibiotics longer than CAPD patients: 16.0 (12.5 – 21.0) versus 15.0 (12.0 – 18.0) days ( p = 0.036). Also, after correction for possible confounders, odds ratios for death and for the combined end point death or catheter removal showed no difference when patients treated for peritonitis stayed on their own modality. Conclusion Regarding rate of relapse, mortality, or the combined end point mortality plus catheter removal, we found no difference between CAPD and APD patients continuing their own PD modality during treatment of PD-related peritonitis. Intermediate end points such as duration of elevated PDF leukocyte count and duration of antibiotic treatment were longer in APD patients.
A Waveguide‐Like Effect Observed in Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Bundles
Authors: Xu Shengyong , Yang Yong , Pei Dongfei , Zhao Xin , Wang Yanxin , Sun Weiqiang , Ma Bo , Li Yan , Xie Sishen , Peng Lian‐Mao 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe delay time of nanosecond electromagnetic pulses is measured in multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) bundles and copper wires, with a length of up to 3 cm, as compared with that in standard coaxial cables of the same lengths. Under certain configurations, when the Cu core of a coaxial cable is replaced with a MWCNT bundle of the same length, the measured delay time of a pulsed signal is shortened. The difference between the delay time measured for a device with a Cu core and that of a device with a MWCNT bundle of the same length increases with the length of the samples. The results imply that, compared with Cu wires, MWCNT bundles may be more efficient in guiding the transmission of high‐frequency signals along their longitudinal axis, showing a waveguide‐like effect.
Biodegradable Porous Silicon Barcode Nanowires with Defined Geometry
Authors: Chiappini Ciro , Liu Xuewu , Fakhoury Jean Raymond , Ferrari Mauro 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSilicon nanowires are of proven importance in such diverse fields as energy production and storage, flexible electronics, and biomedicine due to the unique characteristics that emerge from their 1D semiconducting nature and their mechanical properties. Here, the synthesis of biodegradable porous silicon barcode nanowires by metal‐assisted electroless etching of single‐crystal silicon with resistivities ranging from 0.0008 to 10 Ω cm is reported. The geometry of the barcode nanowires is defined by nanolithography and their multicolor reflectance and photoluminescence is characterized. Phase diagrams are developed for the different nanostructures obtained as a function of metal catalyst, H2O2 concentration, ethanol concentration, and silicon resistivity, and a mechanism that explains these observations is proposed. These nanowires are biodegradable, and their degradation time can be modulated by surface treatments.
Hierarchically Assembled Mesenchymal Stem Cell Spheroids Using Biomimicking Nanofilaments and Microstructured Scaffolds for Vascularized Adipose Tissue Engineering
Authors: Kim Taek Gyoung , Park Suk‐Hee , Chung Hyun Jung , Yang Dong‐Yol , Park Tae Gwan 
Published: June 2010

AbstractComposite multicellular spheroids composed of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and synthetic biodegradable nanofilaments are fabricated. Extracellular‐matrix‐mimicking nanofilaments, prepared from transverse fragmentation of semicrystalline poly(L‐lactic acid) nanofibers and subsequent surface modification with cell adhesive peptides, are used to form composite multicellular spheroids with MSCs by cellular self‐assembly. The size of the composite spheroids could be readily controlled with the integrated amount of the nanofilaments. The composite spheroids show enhanced adipogenic potential compared to homotypic spheroids. The resultant spheroids are used as building blocks for 3D biohybrid construction with the assistance of a microstructured scaffold fabricated by a direct polymer melt deposition process. An angiogenic growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, is also locally delivered in a sustained fashion from the heparinized scaffold surface for facile neovascularization of adipogenic tissue. The produced multiscaled and multifunctional hybrid MSC construct enable the successful formation of vascularized adipose tissue in vivo.
Size matters
Authors: del Toro Iniesta J.C. , Orozco Suárez D. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe new generation of ground‐based, large‐aperture solar telescopes promises to significantly increase our capabilities to understand the many basic phenomena taking place in the Sun at all atmospheric layers and how they relate to each other. A (non‐exhaustive) summary of the main scientific arguments to pursue these impressive technological goals is presented. We illustrate how imaging, polarimetry, and spectroscopy can benefit from the new telescopes and how several wavelength bands should be observed to study the atmospheric coupling from the upper convection zone all the way to the corona. The particular science case of sunspot penumbrae is barely discussed as a specific example (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The role of emerging bipoles in the formation of a sunspot penumbra
Authors: Schlichenmaier R. , Bello González N. , Rezaei R. , Waldmann T.A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe generation of magnetic flux in the solar interior and its transport from the convection zone into the photosphere, the chromosphere, and the corona will be in the focus of solar physics research for the next decades. With 4 m class telescopes, one plans to measure essential processes of radiative magneto‐hydrodynamics that are needed to understand the nature of solar magnetic fields. One key‐ingredient to understand the behavior of solar magnetic field is the process of flux emergence into the solar photosphere, and how the magnetic flux reorganizes to form the magnetic phenomena of active regions like sunspots and pores. Here, we present a spectropolarimetric and imaging data set from a region of emerging magnetic flux, in which a proto‐spot without penumbra forms a penumbra. During the formation of the penumbra the area and the magnetic flux of the spot increases. First results of our data analysis demonstrate that the additional magnetic flux, which contributes to the increasing area of the penumbra, is supplied by the region of emerging magnetic flux. We observe emerging bipoles that are aligned such that the spot polarity is closer to the spot. As an emerging bipole separates, the pole of the spot polarity migrates towards the spot, and finally merges with it. We speculate that this is a fundamental process, which makes the sunspot accumulate magnetic flux. As more and more flux is accumulated a penumbra forms and transforms the proto‐spot into a full‐fledged sunspot (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spectropolarimetric analysis of 3D MHD sunspot simulations
Authors: Borrero J.M. , Rempel M. , Solanki S.K. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe have employed 3D non‐grey MHD simulations of sunspots to compute theoretical Stokes profiles and compare the levels of circular and linear polarization in the simulations with those observed in a real sunspot. We find that the spatial distribution and average values of these quantities agree very well with the observations, although the polarization levels in the simulations are slightly larger. This can be explained by a slightly larger magnetic field strength or a larger temperature gradient in the simulated penumbra as compared to the observations (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Night‐time science with large solar telescopes: The magnetic Sun through time
Authors: Marsden S.C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractToday the Sun has a regular magnetic cycle driven by a dynamo action. But how did this regular cycle develop? How do basic parameters such as rotation rate, age, and differential rotation affect the generation of magnetic fields? Zeeman Doppler imaging (ZDI) is a technique that uses high‐resolution observations in circularly polarised light to map the surface magnetic topology on stars. Utilising the spectropolarimetric capabilities of future large solar telescopes it will be possible to study the evolution and morphology of the magnetic fields on a range of Sun‐like stars from solar twins through to rapidly‐rotating active young Suns and thus study the solar magnetic dynamo through time. In this article I discuss recent results from ZDI of Sun‐like stars and how we can use night‐time observations from future solar telescopes to solve unanswered questions about the origin and evolution of the Sun's magnetic dynamo (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High resolution observations of white‐light emissions from the opacity minimum during an X‐class flare
Authors: Xu Y. , Cao W. , Jing J. , Wang H. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractUsing high cadence, high resolution near infrared (NIR) observations of the X10 white‐light flare (WLF) on 2003 October 29, we investigated the evolution of the core‐halo structure of white‐light emission during the two‐second period flare peak. We found that size and intensity of the halo remained almost constant in the range of 10 Mm2. However, the core area was very compact and expanded rapidly from about 1 Mm2to 4 Mm2. At the same time, the total emission of the core increased nearly twenty times. This distinct behavior indicates that different heating mechanisms might be responsible for core and halo emissions. In addition to the temporal analysis, we compared the intensity enhancements of the flare core and halo. The result shows that the halo contrast increased by about 8% compared to the flare‐quiet region, which could be explained by a combination of direct‐heating and backwarming models (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Review of Hinode results
Authors: Suematsu Y. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractHinode is an observatory‐style satellite, carrying three advanced instruments being designed and built to work together to explore the physical coupling between the photosphere and the upper layers for understanding the mechanism of dynam‐ ics and heating. The three instruments aboard are the Solar Optical Telescope (SOT), which can provide high‐precision photometric and polarimetric data of the lower atmosphere in the visible light (388–668 nm) with a spatial resolution of 0.2–0.3 arcseconds, the X‐Ray Telescope (XRT) which takes a wide field of full sun coverage X‐ray images being capable of diagnosing the physical condition of coronal plasmas, and the EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) which observes the upper transition region and coronal emission lines in the wavelength ranges of 17–21 nm and 25–29 nm. Since first‐light observations in the end of October 2006, Hinode has been continuously providing unprecedented high‐quality solar data. We will present some new findings of the sun with Hinode, focusing on those from SOT (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
European Solar Telescope: Progress status
Authors: Collados M. , Bettonvil F. , Cavaller L. , Ermolli I. , Gelly B. , Pérez A. , Socas‐Navarro H. , Soltau D. , Volkmer R. , the EST team  
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this paper, the present status of the development of the design of the European Solar Telescope is described. The telescope is devised to have the best possible angular resolution and polarimetric performance, maximizing the throughput of the whole system. To that aim, adaptive optics and multi‐conjugate adaptive optics are integrated in the optical path. The system will have the possibility to correct for the diurnal variation of the distance to the turbulence layers, by using several deformable mirrors, conjugated at different heights. The present optical design of the telescope distributes the optical elements along the optical path in such a way that the instrumental polarization induced by the telescope is minimized and independent of the solar elevation and azimuth. This property represents a large advantage for polarimetric measurements. The ensemble of instruments that are planned is also presented (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
NLST: India's National Large Solar Telescope
Authors: Hasan S.S. , Soltau D. , Kärcher H. , Süß M. , Berkefeld T. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis article introduces the new Indian 2 m telescope which has been designed by MT Mechatronics in a detailed conceptual design study for the Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore. We describe the background of the project and the science goals which shall be addressed with this telescope. NLST is a solar telescope with high optical throughput and will be equipped with an integrated Adaptive Optics system. It is optimized for a site with the kind of seeing and wind conditions as they are expected at a lake site in the Himalayan mountains. The telescope can also be used for certain night time applications. We also give the scientific rationale for this class of telescope (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Scientific instrumentation for the 1.6 m New Solar Telescope in Big Bear
Authors: Cao W. , Gorceix N. , Coulter R. , Ahn K. , Rimmele T. R. , Goode P. R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe NST (New Solar Telescope), a 1.6 m clear aperture, off‐axis telescope, is in its commissioning phase at Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO). It will be the most capable, largest aperture solar telescope in the US until the 4 m ATST (Advanced Technology Solar Telescope) comes on‐line late in the next decade. The NST will be outfitted with state‐of‐the‐art scientific instruments at the Nasmyth focus on the telescope floor and in the Coudé Lab beneath the telescope. At the Nasmyth focus, several filtergraphs already in routine operation have offered high spatial resolution photometry in TiO 706 nm, Hα656 nm, G‐band 430 nm and the near infrared (NIR), with the aid of a correlation tracker and image reconstruction system. Also, a Cryogenic Infrared Spectrograph (CYRA) is being developed to supply high signal‐to‐noise‐ratio spectrometry and polarimetry spanning 1.0 to 5.0 μm. The Coudé Lab instrumentation will include Adaptive Optics (AO), InfraRed Imaging Magnetograph (IRIM), Visible Imaging Magnetograph (VIM), and Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph (FISS). A 308 sub‐aperture (349‐actuator deformable mirror) AO system will enable nearly diffraction limited observations over the NST's principal operating wavelengths from 0.4 μm through 1.7 μm. IRIM and VIM are Fabry‐Pérot based narrow‐band tunable filters, which provide high resolution two‐dimensional spectroscopic and polarimetric imaging in the NIR and visible respectively. FISS is a collaboration between BBSO and Seoul National University focussing on chromosphere dynamics. This paper reports the up‐to‐date progress on these instruments including an overview of each instrument and details of the current state of design, integration, calibration and setup/testing on the NST (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
EST Adaptive optics performance estimations
Authors: Berkefeld T. , Soltau D. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe give a short overview of the Adaptive Optics (AO) and Multi‐conjugate Adaptive Optics (MCAO) system of the planned 4 m European Solar Telescope (EST). The optimization process of the AO / MCAO parameters is shown, including the parameters and layout of the Shack‐Hartmann wavefront sensor setup and the DMs. We show the expected performance of the AO and MCAO system (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A synoptic program for large solar telescopes: Cyclic variation of turbulent magnetic fields
Authors: Kleint L. , Berdyugina S.V. , Gisler D. , Shapiro A.I. , Bianda M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractUpcoming large solar telescopes will offer the possibility of unprecedented high resolution observations. However, during periods of non‐ideal seeing such measurements are impossible and alternative programs should be considered to best use the available observing time. We present a synoptic program, currently carried out at the Istituto Ricerche Solari Locarno (IRSOL), to monitor turbulent magnetic fields employing the differential Hanle effect in atomic and molecular lines. This program can be easily adapted for the use at large telescopes exploring new science goals, nowadays impossible to achieve with smaller telescopes. The current, interesting scientific results prove that such programs are worthwhile to be continued and expanded in the future. We calculate the approximately achievable spatial resolution at a large telescope like ATST for polarimetric measurements with a noise level below 5 × 10‐5and a temporal resolution which is sufficient to explore variations on the granular scale. We show that it would be important to optimize the system for maximal photon throughput and to install a high‐speed camera system to be able to study turbulent magnetic fields with unprecedented accuracy (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Telescope calibration using polarization calibration data
Authors: Elmore D. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis article describes the use of the telescope output Stokes vector measured during a polarization calibration to infer the properties of mirrors in the telescope itself. Polarization calibrations performed at the National Solar Observatory Dunn Solar Telescope are used to demonstrate this technique (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Web usage mining for predicting final marks of students that use Moodle courses
Authors: Romero Cristobal , Espejo Pedro G. , Zafra Amelia , Romero Jose Raul , Ventura Sebastian 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis paper shows how web usage mining can be applied in e‐learning systems in order to predict the marks that university students will obtain in the final exam of a course. We have also developed a specific Moodle mining tool oriented for the use of not only experts in data mining but also of newcomers like instructors and courseware authors. The performance of different data mining techniques for classifying students are compared, starting with the student's usage data in several Cordoba University Moodle courses in engineering. Several well‐known classification methods have been used, such as statistical methods, decision trees, rule and fuzzy rule induction methods, and neural networks. We have carried out several experiments using all available and filtered data to try to obtain more accuracy. Discretization and rebalance pre‐processing techniques have also been used on the original numerical data to test again if better classifier models can be obtained. Finally, we show examples of some of the models discovered and explain that a classifier model appropriate for an educational environment has to be both accurate and comprehensible in order for instructors and course administrators to be able to use it for decision making. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 21: 135–146, 2013
The Role of Protein L‐Isoaspartyl / D‐Aspartyl O‐Methyltransferase (PIMT) in Intracellular Signal Transduction
Authors: Furuchi Takemitsu , Sakurako Kosugi , Katane Masumi , Sekine Masae , Homma Hiroshi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractUnder physiological conditions, L‐aspartyl (L‐Asp) and L‐asparaginyl residues in proteins are spontaneously isomerized or racemized to D‐aspartyl (D‐Asp) or D,L‐isoaspartyl (D,L‐isoAsp) residue. These atypical Asp residues can interfere with protein activity and lead to disruption of cellular function. Protein L‐isoaspartyl/D‐aspartyl O‐methyltransferase (PIMT) is a repair enzyme that initiates the conversion of L‐isoAsp (or D‐Asp) residues to L‐Asp residues. PIMT‐Deficient mice exhibit accumulation of L‐isoAsp in several tissues and die from progressive epileptic seizures at a mean age of 42 days. However, the biological roles of PIMT are still largely unknown. To further our understanding of the function of this protein, we developed an assay to measure PIMT activity in cell lysates. Additionally, we generated PIMT‐knockdown cells by stable transfection of HEK293 cells with PIMT small interfering (si) RNA. Northern blotting and immunoblot analysis revealed that PIMT mRNA and protein levels were significantly decreased in the knockdown cells. In addition, significant levels of proteins that contained isoAsp residues accumulated in these cells, and immunoblot analysis revealed that Raf‐1, MEK, and ERK were hyperphosphorylated upon EGF stimulation compared to control cells. These results indicate that the ability to repair atypical Asp residues is important for normal MAP kinase signaling.
Generation of Enantiomeric Amino Acids during Acid Hydrolysis of Peptides Detected by the Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectroscopy
Authors: Miyamoto Tetsuya , Sekine Masae , Ogawa Tetsuhiro , Hidaka Makoto , Homma Hiroshi , Masaki Haruhiko 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe number of reports indicating the occurrence of D‐amino acids in various proteins and natural peptides is increasing. For a usual detection of peptidyl D‐amino acids, proteins or peptides are subjected to acid hydrolysis, and the products obtained are analyzed after cancellation of the effect of amino acid racemization during the hydrolysis. However, this method does not seem reliable enough to determine the absence or presence of a small amount of innate D‐amino acids. We introduce a modification of an alternative way to distinguish true innate D‐amino acids from those artificially generated during hydrolysis incubation. When model peptides (L‐Ala)3, D‐Ala‐(L‐Ala)2 are hydrolyzed in deuterated hydrochloric acid (DCl), only newly generated D‐amino acids are deuterated at the α‐H‐atom. Both innate D‐amino acids and artificially generated ones are identified by the combination of high‐performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry equipped with a chiral column. When a peptide containing D‐Phe residues was analyzed by this method, the hydrolysis‐induced conversion to L‐Phe was similarly identified.