bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Keynote Lecture: treating eating disorders
Authors: Greener Mark 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe Keynote Lecture at the eighth LatestAdvances in Psychiatry Symposium, held in London in March, was given by Professor Gerald Russell, Emeritus Professor of Psychiatry at the Institute of Psychiatry in London. He noted that eating disorders are sometimes associated with a markedly excess mortality. A high crude mortality rate (2.2 per cent per annum) was recorded in a UK series of compulsorily treated anorexia patients, in keeping with these patients, dogged resistance to treatment.1 While bulimia nervosa may respond to fluoxetine, there is no effective pharmacological treatment for anorexia nervosa. Nevertheless,psychological treatments may improve outcomes in both anorexia and bulimia nervosa, although NICE has only grudgingly recognised their efficacy. Medical writer, Mark Greener, reports. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Interface Ltd
Adherence to risperidone long‐acting injection dosing recommendations
Authors: Mangan Brian , Rogers Clive , Wilton Kristina 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe pharmacokinetic profile of risperidone long‐acting injection (RLAI) has lead to specific recommendations for its treatment initiation. A team of Mental Health Nurse Advisers conducted this audit in a cohort of 1647 patients from 32 centres in the UK to assess to what extent treatment with RLAI is initiated according to these recommendations and how this affects treatment adherence. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Interface Ltd
Overexpression of hepatocyte nuclear factor‐3α induces apoptosis through the upregulation and accumulation of cytoplasmic p53 in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Lee Hyun Joo , Chattopadhyay Soma , Yoon Wan‐Hee , Bahk Jong Yoon , Kim Tae‐Hyoung , Kang Hyung Sik , Lee Keesook 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDHepatocyte nuclear factor‐3α (HNF‐3α) has been known to act as a repressor in the pathogenesis of many cancers. Herein, we investigated the effect of HNF‐3α overexpression in prostate cancer cells.METHODSHNF‐3α was overexpressed in prostate cancer cells using an adenovirus recombinant expressing wild‐type HNF‐3α. The apoptosis of prostate cancer cells was determined by TUNEL, FACS, and caspase activity analyses.RESULTSAdenovirus‐mediated overexpression of HNF‐3α caused cell death in prostate cancer cells as assessed by changes in cellular and nuclear morphology, TUNEL analysis, and caspase activations. Furthermore, FACS analysis showed an increased sub‐G1 phase of cell cycle as well as the G2/M phase with a corresponding decrease in S phases. HNF‐3α overexpression caused the upregulation of p53 protein and its accumulation, together with HNF‐3α, in the cytoplasm. It also causes Bax protein to localize to the mitochondria‐enriched fraction. These findings suggest that multiple apoptotic pathways seem to be involved in the HNF‐3α‐induced cell death: pathways involving the accumulation of p53 protein in the cytoplasm and subsequent cytochrome c release, and other pathways involving death receptor signaling and caspase‐8 activation.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study suggest a novel function of HNF‐3α as a killer of malignant prostate cancer cells, which reveals HNF‐3α as a promising therapeutic molecule for prostate cancers. Prostate 70: 353–361, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Leukocytic promotion of prostate cellular proliferation
Authors: McDowell Kristy L. , Begley Lesa A. , Mor‐Vaknin Nirit , Markovitz David M. , Macoska Jill A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDHistological evidence of pervasive inflammatory infiltrate has been noted in both benign prostatic hyperplasia/hypertrophy (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa). Cytokines known to attract particular leukocyte subsets are secreted from prostatic stroma consequent to aging and also from malignant prostate epithelium. Therefore, we hypothesized that leukocytes associated with either acute or chronic inflammation attracted to the prostate consequent to aging or tumorigenesis may promote the abnormal cellular proliferation associated with BPH and PCa.METHODSAn in vitro system designed to mimic the human prostatic microenvironment incorporating prostatic stroma (primary and immortalized prostate stromal fibroblasts), epithelium (N15C6, BPH‐1, LNCaP, and PC3 cells), and inflammatory infiltrate (HL‐60 cells, HH, and Molt‐3 T‐lymphocytes) was developed. Modified Boyden chamber assays were used to test the ability of prostate stromal and epithelial cells to attract leukocytes and to test the effect of leukocytes on prostate cellular proliferation. Antibody arrays were used to identify leukocyte‐secreted cytokines mediating prostate cellular proliferation.RESULTSLeukocytic cells migrated towards both prostate stromal and epithelial cells. CD4+ T‐lymphocytes promoted the proliferation of both transformed and non‐transformed prostate epithelial cell lines tested, whereas CD8+ T‐lymphocytes as well as dHL‐60M macrophagic and dHL‐60N neutrophilic cells selectively promoted the proliferation of PCa cells.CONCLUSIONSThe results of these studies show that inflammatory cells can be attracted to the prostate tissue microenvironment and can selectively promote the proliferation of non‐transformed or transformed prostate epithelial cells, and are consistent with differential role(s) for inflammatory infiltrate in the etiologies of benign and malignant proliferative disease in the prostate. Prostate 70: 377–389, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The expression of osteoclastogenesis‐associated factors and osteoblast response to osteolytic prostate cancer cells
Authors: Morrissey Colm , Lai Janice S. , Brown Lisha G. , Wang Ya‐Chun , Roudier Martine P. , Coleman Ilsa M. , Gulati Roman , Vakar‐Lopez Funda , True Lawrence D. , Corey Eva , Nelson Peter S. , Vessella Robert L. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate cancer (PCa) has a propensity to metastasize to bone. Tumor cells replace bone marrow and can elicit an osteoblastic, osteolytic, or mixed bone response. Our objective was to elucidate the mechanisms and key factors involved in promoting osteoclastogenesis in PCa bone metastasis.METHODSWe cultured osteoblast‐like MC3T3‐E1 cells with conditioned medium (CM) from PC‐3 and C4‐2B cells. MC3T3‐E1 mineralization decreased in the presence of PC‐3 CM, whereas C4‐2B CM had no effect on mineralization. Using oligo arrays and validating by real‐time PCR, we observed a decrease in the expression of mineralization‐associated genes in MC3T3‐E1 cells grown in the presence of PC‐3 CM. In addition, PC‐3 CM induced the expression of osteoclastogenesis‐associated genes IGFBP‐5, IL‐6, MCP‐1, and RANKL while decreasing OPG expression in MC3T3‐E1 cells. Furthermore, CM from MC3T3‐E1 cells cultured in the presence of PC‐3 CM, in association with soluble RANKL, increased osteoclastogenesis in RAW 264.7 cells. Investigation of PCa metastases and xenografts by immunohistochemistry revealed that the osteoclastic factor IL‐6 was expressed in the majority of PCa bone metastases and to a lesser extent in PCa soft tissue metastases. In vitro it was determined that soluble IL‐6R (sIL‐6R) was necessary for IL‐6 to inhibit mineralization in MC3T3‐E1 cells.RESULTSPC‐3 cells inhibit osteoblast activity and induce osteoblasts to produce osteoclastic factors that promote osteoclastogenesis, and one of these factors, IL‐6, is highly expressed in PCa bone metastases.CONCLUSIONSIL‐6 may have an important role in promoting osteoclastogenesis in PCa bone metastasis through its' interaction with sIL‐6R. Prostate 70: 412–424, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Peptide T exhibits a well‐defined structure in fluorinated solvent at low temperature
Authors: Yang Tran‐Chin , Rendell Jennifer , Gulliver Wayne , Booth Valerie 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe structure of Peptide T was determined by solution NMR spectroscopy, under strong structure‐inducing conditions: 40% hexafluoro‐2‐propanol aqueous solution at 5 °C. Under these conditions it was possible to detect medium‐range NOEs for the first time for this peptide. This allowed a much better‐defined structure to be determined for Peptide T in comparison with earlier NMR and computational studies. Peptide structures consistent with the experimental restraints were generated using a restrained MD simulation with a full empirical force field. Residues 4–8 of Peptide T take on a well‐defined structure with a heavy atom RMSD of 0.78 Å. The structure is stabilized by hydrogen bonding to side‐chain oxygen atoms of Thr 4 and Thr 8, as well as backbone hydrogen bonding between residues 5 and 7 that forms this region into a classic γ‐turn. Copyright © 2009 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of the Aharonov–Bohm effect in a gated graphene ring
Authors: Huefner Magdalena , Molitor Françoise , Jacobsen Arnhild , Pioda Alessandro , Stampfer Christoph , Ensslin Klaus , Ihn Thomas 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe experimentally investigate the conductance of a single‐layer graphene ring. The Aharonov–Bohm oscillation amplitude of the four‐terminal resistance is very high with a visibility up to 10%. Additionally, we investigate the amplitude and the period of the Aharonov–Bohm effect over a magnetic field range of ±5 T. We find that, while the period remains constant, the amplitude rises by a factor of 2.
Variable doping sensitivity of the TO phonon dispersion branch of metallic nanotubes: A double resonant Raman scattering study
Authors: Rafailov Peter M. , Maultzsch Janina , Thomsen Christian , Dettlaff‐Weglikowska Urszula , Roth Siegmar 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe applied Raman spectroscopy to investigate the response to electrochemical doping of the second‐order D*‐band in single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) bundles. A dramatic increase of the D*‐band sensitivity to doping is found upon moving the laser excitation to the red end of the visible spectrum and beyond. Basing on the double resonance (DR) Raman scattering model we interpret this phenomenon as an increasing doping sensitivity of the TO phonon dispersion branch of metallic SWNTs towards its minimum. From D*‐band measurements we are thus able to draw conclusions on the wave‐vector dependence of the doping sensitivity and the electron–phonon coupling (EPC) around the TO branch minimum.
Fermi velocity renormalization in doped graphene
Authors: Attaccalite C. , Rubio A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe present an ab initio study of the graphene quasi‐particle band structure within GW approximation. In particular we studied the renormalization of the Fermi velocity vF as function of the electrostatic doping. We show that within local density approximation (LDA) the Fermi velocity is substantially renormalized by correlation effects and that this renormalization rapidly decreases with doping. We discuss our results in the light of recent experiments on graphene and intercalate graphite.
Surface‐induced changes in the vibrational spectra of conducting polymer – carbon nanotube hybrid materials
Authors: Kamarás K. , Botka B. , Pekker Á. , Ben‐Valid S. , Zeng A. , Reiss L. , Yitzchaik S. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe present infrared (IR) and Raman spectra of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) coated by the conducting polymers polyaniline (PANI), polycarbazole (PCz), and melanin (polydopamine). These hybrid materials have been prepared by electrochemical polymerization and exhibit increased conductivity and enhanced electron transfer from the electrolyte to the electrode. Interaction of the polymers with the nanotube surface causes attenuation of some IR modes [surface‐attenuated infrared absorption (SAIRA) effect], while the Raman modes are enhanced by a surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) mechanism. The magnitude of the attenuation depends on the strength of the nanotube–polymer interaction. We compared the spectra of the hybrids and found the most outspoken effect in the case of polyaniline, in accordance with the results of ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) and impedance spectroscopy.
Curvilinear Electronics Formed Using Silicon Membrane Circuits and Elastomeric Transfer Elements
Authors: Ko Heung Cho , Shin Gunchul , Wang Shuodao , Stoykovich Mark P. , Lee Jeong Won , Kim Dong‐Hun , Ha Jeong Sook , Huang Yonggang , Hwang Keh‐Chih , Rogers John A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractMaterials and methods to achieve electronics intimately integrated on the surfaces of substrates with complex, curvilinear shapes are described. The approach exploits silicon membranes in circuit mesh structures that can be deformed in controlled ways using thin, elastomeric films. Experimental and theoretical studies of the micromechanics of such curvilinear electronics demonstrate the underlying concepts. Electrical measurements illustrate the high yields that can be obtained. The results represent significant experimental and theoretical advances over recently reported concepts for creating hemispherical photodetectors in electronic eye cameras and for using printable silicon nanoribbons/membranes in flexible electronics. The results might provide practical routes to the integration of high performance electronics with biological tissues and other systems of interest for new applications.
Diffusion‐weighted MRI in lungs of normal fetuses and those with congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Cannie M. , Jani J. , De Keyzer F. , Roebben I. , Dymarkowski S. , Deprest J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo prospectively determine apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of normally developing fetal lungs over gestation, as obtained by diffusion‐weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to investigate its potential application in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).MethodsInformed consent was obtained for this cross‐sectional study of 93 fetuses with normal lungs and 14 with isolated left‐sided CDH, assessed between 18 and 40 weeks of gestation. MRI delineation of left and right lungs was performed on the native DW image, b0, and three values of ADC, corresponding to the overall value (ADCavg), and values for low and high values of b (ADClow and ADChigh, respectively) were calculated. Regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between gestational age and b0‐values as well as calculated ADC values. The b0 and ADC values of normal and CDH fetuses were compared with normal ranges using the Mann–Whitney U‐test.ResultsIn fetuses with normal lungs, there was a negative correlation between gestational age and b0 values as well as with ADChigh, a positive correlation with ADClow but no correlation with ADCavg. When measurable, ADChigh values were lower in CDH as compared to fetuses with normal lungs and ADClow values were higher. ADClow was unrelated to lung volume.ConclusionsThere is a significant relationship between ADClow and ADChigh values and gestational age in normal fetal lungs. This relationship is most probably explained by developmental changes during the last three stages of lung development, which involve intense peripheral growth of airways and vessels as well as maturation. In CDH, measurement of ADClow might be useful as a predictor of postnatal outcome that is independent of lung volume. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High current electron probe microanalysis of minerals
Authors: Lavrent'ev Yu. G. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractNew generation electron probe microanalysers are able to provide a stable beam with a relatively high probe current for long periods. This stability opens new possibilities for mineral analysis, because high current and increased time measurements are now available. As a result, reproducibility of the measurements is improved and detection limit for the traces of elements is lowered. The range of applications of the high current microanalysis has increased in the recent years. New applications are in general geochemical research, in monomineral geothermometry, in Th‐U‐Pb geochronology etc. In the near future the range of problems where HCMA can be applied will certainly increase. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parenchyma‐sparing resections for pancreatic neoplasms
Authors: Crippa Stefano , Boninsegna Letizia , Partelli Stefano , Falconi Massimo 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackground/purposeIn recent years there has been an increase in the indications for pancreatic resection of benign or low‐grade malignant lesions, especially in young patients with long life expectancy. In this setting, patients may benefit from parenchyma‐sparing resections in order to decrease the risk of development of exocrine/endocrine insufficiency.MethodsA review of the literature and authors experience was undertaken.ResultsParenchyma‐sparing resections of the pancreas including enucleation, middle pancreatectomy (MP) and middle‐preserving pancreatectomy are described. Short and long‐term outcomes after surgery are analyzed with special regard to postoperative morbidity/mortality, and oncological and functional long‐term results.ConclusionsParenchyma‐sparing resections are safe and effective procedures for treatment of benign and low‐grade malignant neoplasms. Despite a significant postoperative morbidity they are associated with good long‐term functional and oncological results. Enucleation should preferentially be performed laparoscopically whenever possible.
Liver functional reserve estimation: state of the art and relevance for local treatments
Authors: Fan Sheung Tat 
Published: October 2009

AbstractLiver function reserve estimation is important for selecting the appropriate patients for hepatectomy or ablation of tumors. Many liver function tests have been devised, but the indocyanine green (ICG) clearance test remains the most popular for its simplicity and perhaps accuracy. Compared with the Child–Pugh classification, the ICG retention value at 15 min (ICGR‐15) after intravenous injection provides more information. Though a significant difference in ICGR‐15 has been observed between patients with Child–Pugh A and B liver function, the hospital mortality rates following partial hepatectomy are not significantly different between the two groups. Yet, ICGR‐15 values can differentiate patients with or without hospital mortality. The cutoff values of ICGR‐15 for a safe major and minor hepatectomy are 14 and 22%, respectively.
Preparation and Characterization of a Lecithin Nanoemulsion as a Topical Delivery System
Authors: Zhou Huafeng , Yue Yang , Liu Guanlan , Li Yan , Zhang Jing , Gong Qiu , Yan Zemin , Duan Mingxing 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Purpose of this study was to establish a lecithin nanoemulsion (LNE) without any synthetic surfactant as a topical delivery vehicle and to evaluate its topical delivery potential by the following factors: particle size, morphology, viscosity, stability, skin hydration and skin penetration. Experimental results demonstrated that an increasing concentration of soybean lecithin and glycerol resulted in a smaller size LNE droplet and increasing viscosity, respectively. The droplet size of optimized LNE, with the glycerol concentration above 75% (w/w), changed from 92 (F10) to 58 nm (F14). Additionally, LNE, incorporated into o/w cream, improved the skin hydration capacity of the cream significantly with about 2.5-fold increase when the concentration of LNE reached 10%. LNE was also demonstrated to improve the penetrability of Nile red (NR) dye into the dermis layer, when an o/w cream, incorporated with NR-loaded LNE, applied on the abdominal skin of rat in vivo. Specifically, the arbitrary unit (ABU) of fluorescence in the dermis layer that had received the cream with a NR-loaded LNE was about 9.9-fold higher than the cream with a NR-loaded general emulsion (GE). These observations suggest that LNE could be used as a promising topical delivery vehicle for lipophilic compounds.
Analysis of Sterol Glycosides in Biodiesel and Biodiesel Precipitates
Authors: Wang Huali , Tang Haiying , Salley Steven , Ng K. Y. Simon 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBiodiesel is produced by the transesterification of vegetable oils with short chain alcohols, usually in the presence of an alkali catalyst. Minor components in biodiesel exist as a result of unreacted reagents, by‐products, additives, and auto‐oxidation products, such as water, free glycerin, bonded glycerin, free fatty acids, catalysts, residual alcohol, unsaponifiable matter (plant sterols, antioxidants, and hydrocarbons), soaps and polymers. The biodiesel properties, such as cold flow properties, acid number, cetane number, and oxidative stability are oftentimes significantly affected by these minor components. Sterol glycosides, as one of the most important minor components in biodiesel, and due to their polarities and limited solubility, can accelerate precipitate formation even at room temperature and possibly block fuel filters. In this paper, reversed phase high‐performance liquid chromatography with an Evaporative Light Scattering Detector (ELSD) is evaluated for the analysis of sterol glycoside (SG) content in not only biodiesel precipitates but also in biodiesel. SG was found to be a major component in soy biodiesel precipitates and an SG peak was found in biodiesel after concentration by centrifugation.
Evaluating the performance of freight transport: a service approach
Authors: Blanquart Corinne , Burmeister Antje 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackground and aimThe objective of this paper is to develop an alternative framework for evaluation of performance in freight transport, based on heterodox service economics. Traditionally, transport performance is analysed through productivity measures, even though the conceptual, methodological and practical problems of these indicators are well established in the literature.MethodsThe paper develops and applies a typology of transport service configurations. The empirical analysis uses data from a large scale transport survey and from case studies in France.ResultThe result of this analysis is an array of performance indicators, each one corresponding to specific types of transport services.ConclusionWe conclude that there is not a single way of achieving performance in freight transport, but a variety of service configurations, each of them having a particular logic of performance.