bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Consecutive Condensation, C—N and N—N Bond Formations: A Copper‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Three‐Component Synthesis of 2H‐Indazole.
Authors: Kumar Manian Rajesh , Park Ahbyeol , Park Namjin , Lee Sunwoo 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe reaction of 2‐bromobenzaldehydes, primary amines and sodium azide gives rise to the various 2H‐indazole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Insertion of CO2 into Vinylaziridines: New Route to 5‐Vinyloxazolidinones.
Authors: Fontana Francesco , Chen C. Chun , Aggarwal Varinder K. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe reaction is highly stereoselective and the reaction of chiral (Ia) proceeds with retention of optical purity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Antibacterial Activity and Quantum‐Chemical Studies of Novel 2‐Arylidenehydrazinyl‐4‐arylthiazole Analogues.
Authors: Alam Mohammad Sayed , Liu Lijun , Lee Yong‐Eok , Lee Dong‐Ung 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAll new compounds (III) (11 examples) are tested for their antimicrobial and antifungal activities.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Catalytic Mode of the Modularly Designed Organocatalysts (MDOs): Enantioselective Synthesis of Dihydropyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazoles.
Authors: Muramulla Savitha , Zhao Cong‐Gui 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAn equimolar mixture of quinidine‐derived thiourea and L‐proline is highly efficient to promote the asymmetric cyclocondensation of dinitriles with pyrazolone (II) to give the title compounds with low to moderate e.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonenes and Substituted Tetrahydropyrans via (3,5)‐Oxonium‐ene Reaction.
Authors: Saha Pipas , Gogoi Paramartha , Saikia Anil K. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractReaction of geraniol (I) with aromatic aldehydes results in formation of oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonenes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 14‐Aryl‐ and Alkyl‐14H‐dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes Catalyzed by Silica‐Supported Ferric Hydrogensulfate.
Authors: Eshghi Hossein , Bakavoli Mehdi , Moradi Hassanali 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSilica‐supported ferric hydrogensulfate is used as solid acid catalyst for the synthesis of several novel fused xanthenes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of 2,4,6‐Trisubstituted Piperidines via Type II Anion Relay Chemistry.
Authors: Smith Amos B. III , Han Heeoon , Kim Won‐Suk 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCombination of the Type II Anion Relay Chemistry with intramolecular cyclization, chemoselective removal of the dithiane moieties and carbonyl reduction allows the preparation of all diastereomers.
ChemInform Abstract: An Expeditious Approach to 1‐Aminoisoquinolines via an Unexpected Reaction of 2‐Alkynylbenzaldoxime, Carbodiimide, with Bromine.
Authors: Ye Shengqing , Wang Huanhuan , Wu Jie 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe isoquinolines (26 examples) are obtained under mild conditions, avoiding heavy metal salts and harsh reaction conditions compared with previous reports.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activities of Nitro Substituted Indolo[3,2‐c]acridines.
Authors: Prabakaran K. , Yamuna E. , Prasad K. J. Rajendra 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCompound (IV) and 5 compounds of type (III) are tested for their antibacterial and antifungal activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tetrahydrobenzosisoquinolinols, Tetrahydropyridines, and Hexahydroquinolines from 4‐Aryltetrahydropyridines.
Authors: Chang Meng‐Yang , Lee Ming‐Fang , Chen Yeh‐Long 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTetrahydropyridines (I) and (VII) are easily prepared as versatile intermediates for the title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Tetracyanocyclopropyl Ketones with Hydrazine Hydrate.
Authors: Kayukov Ya. S. , Bardasov I. N. , Kayukova O. V. , Ershov O. V. , Nasakin O. E. , Eremkin A. V. , Tafeenko V. A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractReaction of title compounds (I) with hydrazine hydrate leads to the formation of previously unknown triazatricyclononenes (II) whereas pivaloyl derivative (III) gives pyrrolopyridazine (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Contributions to Syntheses of Pyrrolo[2,1‐a]phthalazines.
Authors: Caira Mino R. , Georgescu Emilian , Georgescu Florentina , Albota Florin , Dumitrascu Florea 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe dihydro derivative intermediate (III), obtained by the classic two‐stage synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1‐a]phthalazine, is found to have a trans‐configuration.
ChemInform Abstract: C—H Bond Functionalization of Arylpyrimidines Catalyzed by an in situ Generated Ruthenium(II) Carboxylate System and the Construction of Tris(heteroaryl)‐Substituted Benzenes.
Authors: Stefane Bogdan , Fabris Jan , Pozgan Franc 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe new in situ generated Ru(II) carboxylate complex catalyzes the cleavage of the C—H bond in ortho‐position of the phenyl ring of pyrimidines (I) or (XIV) and the direct functionalization with both electron‐deficient and electron‐rich aryl bromides to give 2‐biphenylyl‐ and 2‐terphenylyl substituted pyrimidines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of 2‐Styrylquinazolin‐4‐ones.
Authors: Trashakhova T. V. , Nosova E. V. , Valova M. S. , Slepukhin P. A. , Lipunova G. N. , Charushin V. N. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTitle compounds are synthesized by condensation of appropriate quinazolinones with aromatic aldehydes or by reaction of benzoxazinones (I) with benzylidenephenylamines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Evaluation of Some Novel 4(3H)‐Quinazolinones.
Authors: El‐Azab Adel S. , ElTahir Kamal E. H. , Attia Sabry M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA variety of novel quinazoline derivatives, analogues of methaqualone, is synthesized and evaluated for their anticonvulsant activity and acute neurotoxicity.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Room Temperature Aerobic Oxidation of Hydroxamic Acids and Hydrazides to Acyl‐Nitroso and Azo Intermediates, and Their Diels—Alder Trapping.
Authors: Chaiyaveij Duangduan , Cleary Leah , Batsanov Andrei S. , Marder Todd B. , Shea Kenneth J. , Whiting Andrew 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIntra‐ and intermolecular versions are used to prepare a variety of cycloaddition products as oxazines or their bridged analogues.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis 4‐Substituted 4‐Alkoxy‐1,4‐dihydro‐3,1‐benzoxazine‐2‐thiones by the Reaction of 2‐Isothiocyanatobenzoates with Organolithiums.
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Hashimoto Hiroo , Kanbe Yuuki , Konishi Hisatoshi 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAlkyl‐ and aryllithium compounds as well as lithium enolates of tertiary acetamides or acetates undergo cyclization with isothiocyanates (I) to give the desired benzoxazines in an operationally very simple manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Easy Access to Thiazolines and Thiazines via Tandem S‐Alkylation‐Cyclodeamination of Thioamides/Haloamines.
Authors: Pathak Uma , Bhattacharyya Shubhankar , Dhruwansh Vishwanath , Pandey Lokesh Kumar , Tank Rekha , Suryanarayana Malladi V. S. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe reaction is carried out applying water as solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactivity of Unique Heterocyclic Structures en route to Substituted Diamines.
Authors: Olson David E. , Maruniak Autumn , Malhotra Sushant , Trost Barry M. , Du Bois J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA variety of highly functionalized bicyclic oxathiadiazinane‐derived aziridines is prepared via Rh‐catalyzed oxidative cyclization of allylic hydroxylamine‐sulfamate esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Regioselective 9‐endo Cyclization of α‐Carbamoyl Radicals.
Authors: Song Liyan , Liu Kun , Li Chaozhong 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe iodoalkanamide substrates undergo 9‐endo iodine transfer radical cyclization to afford an intermediate that can be converted to 9‐membered N‐heterocycles by reduction with Bu3SnH or to hexahydroindolizin‐ones when treated with Na2CO3.
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Procedure for the Synthesis of Arylboronates by Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling Reaction of Aryl Halides and Bis(pinacolato)diboron in Polyethylene Glycol.
Authors: Lu Jie , Guan Zhong‐Zhi , Gao Jian‐Wu , Zhang Zhan‐Hui 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe new method can be employed to a wide range of aryl halides tolerating many functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Iterative Dianion Relay Along the Ring: Formation of gem‐Bis(trimethylsilyl) Cyclopentenones from 2,5‐Bis(trimethylsilyl) Oxycyclopentadienyl Dianions and Acid Chlorides.
Authors: Li Heng , Liu Lantao , Wang Zitao , Zhao Fei , Zhang Shaoguang , Zhang Wen‐Xiong , Xi Zhenfeng 
Published: October 2011

AbstractReaction of dilithiobutadienes like (I) with aroyl chlorides containing electron‐withdrawing groups (III) proceeds with C—C bond formation and double silyl shift to give gem‐bis(trimethylsilyl)cyclopentenones (IV) in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Structural Analogues of Glyphosate Based on Azoles. Part 1. Synthesis of 1H‐Imidazoles Containing Carboxyl and Phosphoryl Groups in the Ring.
Authors: Pavlenko N. V. , Oos T. I. , Yagupolskii Yu. L. , van Almsick A. , Willms L. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA general method for the synthesis of 1H‐imidazoles containing a phosphoryl and a carboxyl group is developed and applied to the preparation of glyphosate mimetic (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Ni(II)/Zn Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Aryl Halides with Diphenylphosphine Oxide in Water.
Authors: Zhang Xinghua , Liu Huizhi , Hu Xiaomei , Tang Guo , Zhu Jun , Zhao Yufen 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMono‐ and bis‐coupling of aryl halides or bis‐substituted aryl halides with diphenylphosphine oxide tolerates a wide range of functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Mercaptobenzimidazole with Allenylphosphonates.
Authors: Khusainova Narkis , Berdnikov Eugeny , Cherkasov Rafael , Khusainov Mikhail 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe mercapto group of the heterocyclic compound (I) and the 1,2‐double bond of allenylphosphonate (II) are involved in the reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure Determination, and (Radio‐)fluorination of Novel Functionalized Phosphanes Suitable for the Traceless Staudinger Ligation.
Authors: Mamat Constantin , Franke Markus , Peppel Tim , Koeckerling Martin , Steinbach Joerg 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe phosphanes containing functionalized benzoate or nicotinate moieties are prepared by esterification of the corresponding benzoic or nicotinic acids with phosphanophenol (II) under Steglich conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Potassium Selenocyanate as an Efficient Selenium Source in C—Se Cross‐Coupling Catalyzed by Copper Iodide in Water.
Authors: Kumar A. Vijay , Reddy V. Prakash , Reddy C. Suresh , Rao K. Rama 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe novel protocol can be applied best to aryl iodides.
ChemInform Abstract: Oplopanphesides A—C, Three New Phenolic Glycosides from the Root Barks of Oplopanax horridus.
Authors: Huang Wei‐Hua , Zhang Qing‐Wen , Meng Lan‐Zhen , Yuan Chun‐Su , Wang Chong‐Zhi , Li Shao‐Ping 
Published: October 2011

AbstractNew compounds, oplopanphesides A (Ia), B (Ib) and C (Ic), show no cytotoxic effect against human cancer cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Syntheses of 2,5‐Disubstituted Pyrrolidines Based on Iridium‐Catalyzed Allylic Aminations — Total Syntheses of Alkaloids from Amphibian Skins.
Authors: Gaertner Martin , Weihofen Robert , Helmchen Guenter 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA three‐step synthetic access towards enantioenriched trans‐2,5‐disubstituted pyrrolidines is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Chamobtusin A.
Authors: Suzuki Hikaru , Aoyagi Sakae 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe key stereocenter of the diterpenoid alkaloid chamobtusin A (IV) is installed via a stereoselective intramolecular Michael addition of the secondary amine to the exocyclic cyanoalkene group of (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Heme‐Interacting Acridone Derivatives to Prevent Free Heme‐Mediated Protein Oxidation and Degradation.
Authors: Pal Chinmay , Kundu Milan Kumar , Bandyopadhyay Uday , Adhikari Susanta 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe natural alkaloid arborinine (VII) and some related acridone derivatives (IV) are synthesized using Eaton′s reagent to promote effectively the key cyclization of anthranilic acid derivatives (III).
ChemInform Abstract: InCl3‐Catalyzed Synthesis of C‐Pyrrolyl Glycosides via Tandem Condensation of Aminosugars and 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds in Water.
Authors: Li Boyu , Wang Gang , Li Zhongjun , Meng Xiangbao 
Published: October 2011

AbstractOptimized conditions A) are used for the reactions of D‐glucosamine (I) and D‐galactosamine (VIII) to produce nucleic acid structures bearing a pyrrole part.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Cytotoxic Activities and Cell Cycle Profiles of Naphtho[2,1‐α]pyrrolo[3,4‐c]carbazole‐5,7(6H,12H)‐dione Glycosides.
Authors: Ding Ning , Du Xiaoguang , Zhang Wei , Lu Zhichao , Li Yingxia 
Published: October 2011

AbstractFive new naphthopyrrolocarbazole glycosides such as (V) are synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxicities against eight tumor cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: New Furanocoumarins from the Fruits of Melicope triphylla.
Authors: Nakashima Ken‐ichi , Oyama Masayoshi , Ito Tetsuro , Murata Hiroko , Iinuma Munekazu 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe new furanocoumarins, melicotriphyllin A (Ia), B (Ib), C (IIa), and D (IIb), are isolated with two known coumarins, nine flavonoids, two alkaloids, and one cinnamate.
ChemInform Abstract: 9‐Aryl‐1,2‐dihydropyrrolo[3,4‐b]indolizin‐3‐one (Seoul‐Fluor) as a Smart Platform for Colorful Ratiometric Fluorescent pH Sensors
Authors: Kim Eunha , Lee Sanghee , Park Seung Bum 
Published: October 2011

Abstractemission‐ and pH‐tuning of Seoul‐Fluor‐based fluorescent pH sensors by varying pKa values and electronic characteristic of substituents
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis, Optical Property and Self‐Assembly of Monodisperse Silver Nanospheres.
Authors: Tang Aiwei , Qu Shengchun , Hou Yanbing , Teng Feng , Wang Yongsheng , Wang Zhanguo 
Published: October 2011

AbstractHigh‐quality spherical Ag nanocrystals are synthesized from a solution of AgOAc in n‐dodecanethiol and 1‐octadecene (200—240 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: Superconductivity Reinforced by Magnetic Field and the Magnetic Instability in Uranium Ferromagnets
Authors: Aoki Dai , Matsuda Tatsuma D. , Hardy Frederic , Meingast Christoph , Taufour Valentin , Hassinger Elena , Sheikin Ilya , Paulsen Carley , Knebel Georg , Kotegawa Hisashi , et al. et al. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractReview: 37 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Carbolithiation Reaction of Aryllithiums in the Synthesis of Carbocyclic and Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Martinez‐Estibalez Unai , Gomez‐Sanjuan Asier , Garcia‐Calvo Oihane , Arrasate Sonia , Sotomayor Nuria , Lete Esther 
Published: October 2011

AbstractReview: 128 refs.
Lithium Ion Secondary Batteries: State of the Art and Future Developments
Authors: Neumann Gerold 
Published: October 2011

AbstractLithium‐Ionen‐Akkumulatoren erobern nach und nach neue Anwendungen außerhalb der Konsumerelektronik. Damit einher gehen neue Anforderungen an diese Technologie. In diesem Beitrag werden die Materialien, Zelldesigns und verfahrenstechnischen Schritte beschrieben, mit denen die Zellen an die unterschiedlichen Anforderungen, wie z. B. die Elektromobilität, Zwischenspeicherung von Strom aus erneuerbaren Quellen etc., angepasst werden können. Darüber hinaus soll ein Ausblick über aktuelle Trends bei der Weiterentwicklung von Lithium‐Akkumulatoren gegeben werden.
Alkaline Fuel Cells
Authors: Kohnke Hans‐Joachim 
Published: October 2011

AbstractEs gibt eine Vielzahl von verschiedenen Brennstoffzellentypen. Je nach Anwendung bieten sich unterschiedliche Technologien an. Die alkalische Niedertemperaturbrennstoffzelle (AFC) zeichnet sich durch einen hohen elektrischen Wirkungsgrad sowie preisgünstige Katalysatoren und Diaphragmen bzw. Separatoren aus. Prädestiniert ist diese Zelle in der Kombination mit der alkalischen Wasserelektrolyse. Ihr einziger tatsächlicher Nachteil, die CO2‐Unverträglichkeit des alkalischen Elektrolyten, ist hier bedeutungslos. Diese kostengünstigen Systeme können eingesetzt werden, wenn aus der Vielzahl von unregelmäßig produzierenden Solaranlagen ein Zusammenschluss von dezentralen Grundlastkraftwerken entstehen soll. Dabei bietet sich die Zwischenspeicherung der Energie in Batterien bzw. Elektrolyse/Brennstoffzellen an.
Zwei Erkenntnisbereiche, die zueinander gehören
Authors: Vogelezang Michiel , Rehm Markus 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDie Mikrowelt mit ihren Molekülen, Atomen und Elementarteilchen kann heutzutage als hinreichend gesicherte Erkenntnis gelten. Mehr noch: Wer eine moderne Scientific Literacy anstrebt, sollte „die Lektion der Atome“ gelernt haben, wie Ernst‐Peter Fischer es sagt. In diesem Beitrag setzen wir beide Statements in Unterricht um. Dabei geht es zunächst um die Folgen aus der Einstein‐Beziehung für die Chemie. Anschließend stehen die Konsequenzen im Mittelpunkt, die der Chemieunterricht aus der Quantenphysik ziehen kann. Diese beziehen sich auf das Verhältnis zwischen den auf dem Labortisch handhabbaren Stoffportionen und den quantenphysikalischen Ganzheiten (also Atome, Elementarteilchen, usw.), aus denen sie modellhaft zusammengesetzt bzw. in die sie modellhaft zerlegt werden können. Es werden zwei Unterrichtssequenzen skizziert, die eine so geartete Einführung in die Teilchenvorstellungen beschreiben.
A Methodology for Clustering Lakes in Alberta on the basis of Water Quality Parameters
Authors: Akbar Tahir Ali , Hassan Quazi K. , Achari Gopal 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn this study, a methodology for clustering 18 lakes in Alberta, Canada using the data of 19 water quality parameters for a period of 11 years (1988–2002) is presented. The methods consist of (i) principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the dominant water quality parameters, (ii) cluster analysis techniques to develop the characteristics of the clusters, and (iii) pattern‐match lakes to determine the appropriate cluster for each of the lakes. The PCA revealed that three principal components (PCs) were able to explain ∼88% of the variability and the dominant water quality parameters were total dissolved solids, total phosphorus, and chlorophyll‐a. We obtained five clusters for the period 1994–1997 by using the dominant parameters with water quality deteriorating as the cluster number increased from 1 to 5. Upon matching cluster patterns with the entire dataset, it was observed that some of the lakes belonged to the same cluster all the time (e.g., cluster 1 for lakes Elkwater, Gregg, and Jarvis; cluster 3 for Sturgeon; cluster 4 for Moonshine; and cluster 5 for Saskatoon), while others changed with time. This methodology could be applied in other regions of the world to identify the most suitable source waters and prioritize their management. It could be helpful to analyze the natural controlling processes, pollution types, impact of seasonal changes and overall quality of source waters. This methodology could be used for monitoring water bodies in a cost effective and efficient way by sampling only less number of dominant parameters instead of using a large set of parameters.
Comparison of 5‐tiered and 6‐tiered diagnostic systems for the reporting of thyroid cytopathology
Authors: Bongiovanni Massimo , Crippa Stefano , Baloch Zubair , Piana Simonetta , Spitale Alessandra , Pagni Fabio , Mazzucchelli Luca , Di Bella Camillo , Faquin William 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:At present, thyroid fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) specimens are diagnosed using a tiered classification scheme, with the most popular of these being the 5‐tiered and 6‐tiered systems. In this study, the authors present their institutional experiences using these 2 different systems and evaluate their efficacy based on the surgical follow‐up.METHODS:Thyroid FNA specimens and their corresponding surgical resection specimens were collected between 2007 and 2009. The following diagnostic categories are used in both systems: unsatisfactory/nondiagnostic, benign, follicular neoplasm/suspicious for follicular neoplasm, suspicious for malignancy, and malignant. An additional category termed atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance was used for atypical cases in the 6‐tiered system. Statistical analysis was performed by comparing the different diagnostic categories.RESULTS:The case cohort included a total of 7686 thyroid FNA specimens representing 3962 nodules and 3724 nodules, respectively, in the 5‐tiered and 6‐tiered systems. Negative predictive values for the benign categories (96.9% vs 97.5%; P = 1) and positive predictive values for both the follicular neoplasm categories (26.5% vs 32.1%; P = .2531) and the malignant categories (99.1% vs 99.4%; P = 1) were similar. The most significant differences between the 5‐tiered and 6‐tiered systems were the percentage of cases classified as benign (83.9% vs 55.4%; P < .0001) and as follicular neoplasms (4.6% vs 23.8%; P < .0001). It is interesting to note that fewer patients were referred for surgery in the 5‐tiered system compared with the 6‐tiered one (9.1% vs 36.5%; P < .0001).CONCLUSIONS:Use of either the 5‐tiered or 6‐tiered reporting systems for thyroid FNA specimens can potentially affect the clinical management of patients with thyroid nodules. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2012. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Conformational Changes of Protein Adsorbed on Tailored Flat Substrates with Different Chemistries
Authors: Huang He , Xie Jing , Liu Xiaoli , Yuan Lin , Wang Shasha , Guo Songxi , Yu Haoran , Chen Hong , Zhang Yanliang , Wu Xiaohu 
Published: October 2011

AbstractChanges in the bioactivity of a protein after being adsorbed on a material surface may result from conformational changes of the protein. Unfortunately, however, direct evidence of such conformational changes of proteins adsorbed on a flat material surface is sparse so far. This is because probing the conformation of an adsorbed protein on material surfaces, especially flat ones, remains a challenge due to considerable experimental difficulties. In this study, the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique is used to characterize the conformational changes of a protein (lysozyme) adsorbed on tailored flat gold substrates with different chemistries. Two such substrates are formed by self‐assembly of octadecanethiol and thiolated PEG on gold chips (Au‐C18 and Au‐PEG). Preliminary results reveal that, compared to the hydrophobic Au‐C18 surface, the hydrophilic Au‐PEG surface has much smaller effect on the conformation of lysozyme in aqueous solution, which thereby keeps its high bioactivity. The conformational changes of lysozyme adsorbed on material surfaces with different chemistries are well correlated with changes in its bioactivity.
The correlation between spatial alignment of dislocations, grain orientation, and grain boundaries in multicrystalline silicon
Authors: Schmid E. , Würzner S. , Funke C. , Behm Th. , Helbig R. , Pätzold O. , Berek H. , Stelter M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAn experimental study of the correlation between dislocations, grain orientation, and grain boundaries in multicrystalline silicon (mc‐Si) bulk crystals is presented. Selected mc‐Si samples revealing typical structural patterns like clustering or line‐up of dislocations in the vicinity of grain boundaries are measured by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The orientation of dislocation slip planes and twin boundary planes as well as the relationship between the misorientation of neighbouring grains and the spatial alignment of dislocations are analyzed on the basis of the relevant pole figures calculated from EBSD scans. The effect of grain boundaries on the behaviour of dislocations seems to be related to the presence or absence of a common slip system on both sides of the boundary and hence, to the type of lattice misorientation between involved grains. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)