bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glycotranscriptome study reveals an enzymatic switch modulating glycosaminoglycan synthesis during B‐cell development and activation
Authors: Duchez Sophie , Pascal Virginie , Cogné Nadine , Jayat‐Vignoles Chantal , Julien Raymond , Cogné Michel 
Published: November 2011

AbstractB‐cell fate and responses are modulated by soluble mediators and direct cellular interactions. Migration properties also vary during differentiation, commitment and activation. In many cells, modulation of responses to stimuli involves cell surface glycans, whose architecture depends on the simultaneous expression of multiple enzymes. By looking at the glycosylation‐related gene expression patterns among B‐cell populations, we determined in this study that the strongest variations were observed for CSGalNAcT‐1 and EXTL1. These are enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of alternative forms of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), namely chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate, respectively. These two enzymes showed inverse fluctuations in progenitors, resting B cells and activated B cells, suggesting a developmentally regulated switch between chondroitin and heparan sulfate synthesis. To explore whether these variations contributed to optimal B‐cell differentiation, we overexpressed EXTL1 in the B‐cell lineage of transgenic mice, yielding a partial differentiation blockade at the pro‐B to pre‐B transition. In the periphery, this defect was almost fully compensated for in vivo, with normal‐size B‐cell compartments and normal serum immunoglobulin levels in the transgenic EXTL1 mice. The peripheral B cells from EXTL1 transgenics were only affected with regard to their in vitro responses to polyclonal activation, showing reduced proliferation. Together the data suggest that despite their low amounts in lymphocytes, the heparan sulfate chains decorating the endogenous GAGs appear to be regulators of B‐cell physiology.
A New Method of Synthesis of 6‐Substituted Piperidine‐2,4‐diones from Homoallylamines
Authors: Kuznetsov Nikolai Yu. , Maleev Victor I. , Khrustalev Victor N. , Mkrtchyan Anna F. , Godovikov Ivan A. , Strelkova Tatyana V. , Bubnov Yuri N. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractMono‐ and dihomoallylamines serve as convenient precursors for the preparation of 6‐substituted piperidine‐2,4‐diones. This transformation is based, on the one hand, on a simple and well‐known halocyclocarbamation reaction proceeding by the addition of a source of cationic halogen to the N‐Boc‐protected homoallylamines and, on the other, on a new enolate‐isocyanate rearrangement that proceeds by the action of strong bases on bromocyclocarbamates. A set of racemic dihomoallylamines were prepared by the allylboration of nitriles or primary amides with triallylborane and enantiomerically enriched N‐Boc‐1‐phenyl‐3‐butenylamine was synthesized by the addition of (–)‐AllB(Ipc)2 to the corresponding silylimine. Chiral precursors containing a carboxylic ester group were synthesized from (S)‐allylglycine and‐alanine. The reactions of N‐Boc derivatives with NBS smoothly produced the corresponding bromocyclocarbamates either in the form of a single diastereomer or as an isomeric mixture. All these bromourethanes were cleanly transformed into 6‐substituted piperidine‐2,4‐diones in good yields via the formation of intermediate cyclic enolates, which was confirmed by the direct synthesis of enolate 12 and its transformation into dione 8 in a series of kinetic experiments. Based on the experimental results, a mechanism for the new enolate‐isocyanate rearrangement is proposed.
Development of a double‐layer microfluidic chip with flow medium for chemotherapy resistance analysis of lung cancer
Authors: Meng Qiang , He Zhongzhou , Zhang Lichuan , Zhao Long , Li Encheng , Zhang Qianqian , Zhang Xiaolin , Yang Dongxia , Zou Lijuan , Gao Zhancheng , Wang Qi 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIntegration and miniaturization are main advantages of microchip‐based systems. Vertical integration of the multiple operations within a multiple‐layer chip is expected to satisfy the urgent demand for high‐throughput and large‐scale applications. This study aimed at establishing a double‐layer chip to integrate the operations including the cell culture, the identification of the protein and the detection of the cell viability onto a platform systematically and supplied with flow fresh medium continuously via a syringe pump to mimic the microenvironment in vivo. With this device, human non‐small cell lung cancer cell line (SPCA‐1) was cultured well; the expression and the activity of multidrug resistance‐associated protein (MRP1) were detected by immunofluorescence assay for the cells pretreated with or without MK‐571, a known inhibitor of MRP1; apoptosis percentages were assayed for the cells after being treated by the anticancer drug etoposide (VP‐16). The results demonstrated that the function of the MRP1 was inhibited by MK‐571, and the percentage of apoptotic for the cells pretreated with MK‐571 was higher than that of the control (38.2±2.5% versus 12.3±0.85%, p<0.005). All these indicated that the new device could provide a suitable condition for cell culture and functional analysis in biomedical research, and MK‐571 is an effective inhibitor of MRP1 associated with the viability of SPCA‐1 cell line treated by VP‐16.
Enhancement of the MONERIS Model for Application in Alpine Catchments in Austria
Authors: Zessner Matthias , Kovacs Adam , Schilling Christian , Hochedlinger Gerald , Gabriel Oliver , Natho Stephanie , Thaler Simon , Windhofer Georg 
Published: November 2011

AbstractMountainous catchments are usually not in focus of the modelling of nutrient fluxes on catchment scale. Out of 9 model approaches tested in the EU‐project EUROHARP only MONERIS claims to be capable of modelling nitrogen and phosphorus emissions in a landscape with mountainous slope. Results derived in the present study indicate that the MONERIS 2.14 model in its current version is not able to reproduce the measured nutrient loads in rivers from alpine catchments in Austria with a size of 70 to 400 km2. Despite this apparent limitation, MONERIS delivers a framework flexible enough to offer the possibility for the introduction of adaptations to regions that had not been a focus during its development. Significant improvements in model performance have been achieved during this study with relatively simple adaptations: (i) calibration a snowmelt constants, (ii) adaptation of the nitrogen balance for open and naturally covered areas, (iii) adaptation of the denitrification approach for groundwater of solid rock areas with low nitrogen surplus and high amount of leakage water, (iv) introduction of the differentiation of area‐specific suspended solids emission factors for mountainous open areas covered either with glaciers or not, (v) definition of new input parameters for phosphorus concentrations in solid limestone and schist/gneiss rocks and of dissolved phosphorus concentrations in surface runoff and groundwater flow for mountainous areas. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Tourist Word of Mouth and Revisit Intentions to Rural Tourism Destinations: a Case of North Dakota, USA
Authors: Phillips WooMi Jo , Wolfe Kara , Hodur Nancy , Leistritz F. Larry 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTDestination managers in rural states, like North Dakota, understand the benefits of tourism and, thus, the importance of studying visitors' intentions. This study investigated visitors' perceptions of destination image, value and satisfaction and those variables’ relationship with future behaviors, with a specific focus on their intent to return and make recommendations to others. The results showed that destination image directly affects visitors' perception of value and revisit intentions, and it indirectly affects satisfaction and recommendation intentions. The results also demonstrate how tourism practitioners can apply past models to their destination. The overall findings support the concept that a positive image is important to attracting repeat visitors. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Texture and morphology variations in (In,Ga)2Se3 and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films grown with various Se source conditions
Authors: Ishizuka Shogo , Yamada Akimasa , Fons Paul , Niki Shigeru 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTTexture and morphology variations in co‐evaporated (In,Ga)2Se3 and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) films grown with various Se source conditions during growth were studied. The Se species of simply evaporated, large molecular Se (E‐Se, low‐sticking coefficient), and RF‐plasma cracked atomic Se (R‐Se, high sticking coefficient) were used in the present work. (In,Ga)2Se3 precursor films, which were prepared during the first stage of CIGS film growth by the three‐stage process, showed systematic variations in texture and Na distribution profile with varying evaporative Se (E‐Se) flux. The properties of CIGS films and solar cells also showed systematic variations, and the open‐circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor were found to be especially sensitive to the E‐Se flux. R‐Se grown (In,Ga)2Se3 precursor films featured granular morphology with strong (105) and (301) peaks in the diffraction pattern, and the texture was very similar to an E‐Se grown film fabricated with a Se to group III metal (In + Ga) flux ratio (P[Se]/[In + Ga]) of about 6, although the nominal P[Se]/[In + Ga] used for an R‐Se source was very small and less than 0.5. The R‐Se grown CIGS films displayed, however, highly dense surfaces and larger grain sizes than E‐Se grown CIGS films. The controllability of film morphology and the Na diffusion profile in (In,Ga)2Se3 and CIGS films with various Se source conditions are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
More on axial anomalies of Lifshitz fermions
Authors: Bakas I. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe show that the gauge and metric field contribution to the axial anomaly of a four‐dimensional massless Lifshitz fermion theory with anisotropy scaling exponent z is identical to the relativistic case, hereby extending the results found in arXiv:1103.5693 to arbitrary values of z. This is in accordance with the fact that the axial anomaly is an infra‐red phenomenon in disguise. We also provide some new models that realize baryon and lepton number violation in non‐relativistic theories of gravity. In all cases, the volume of space exhibits a lower bound that is fixed by the gravitational coupling parameters.
Experimental comparison of aerial larvicides and habitat modification for controlling disease‐carrying Aedes vigilax mosquitoes
Authors: de Little Siobhan C , Williamson Grant J , Bowman David MJS , Whelan Peter I , Brook Barry W , Bradshaw Corey JA 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Microbial and insect‐growth‐regulator larvicides dominate current vector control programmes because they reduce larval abundance and are relatively environmentally benign. However, their short persistence makes them expensive, and environmental manipulation of larval habitat might be an alternative control measure. Aedes vigilax is a major vector species in northern Australia. A field experiment was implemented in Darwin, Australia, to test the hypotheses that (1) aerial microbial larvicide application effectively decreases Ae. vigilax larval presence, and therefore adult emergence, and (2) environmental manipulation is an effective alternative control measure. Generalised linear and mixed‐effects modelling and information‐theoretic comparisons were used to test these hypotheses.RESULTS: It is shown that the current aerial larvicide application campaign is effective at suppressing the emergence of Ae. vigilax, whereas vegetation removal is not as effective in this context. In addition, the results indicate that current larval sampling procedures are inadequate for quantifying larval abundance or adult emergence.CONCLUSIONS: This field‐based comparison has shown that the existing larviciding campaign is more effective than a simple environmental management strategy for mosquito control. It has also identified an important knowledge gap in the use of larval sampling to evaluate the effectiveness of vector control strategies. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparative impact of an anthranilic diamide and other insecticidal chemistries on beneficial invertebrates and ecosystem services in turfgrass
Authors: Larson Jonathan L , Redmond Carl T , Potter Daniel A 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Chlorantraniliprole, the first anthranilic diamide insecticide labeled for turf, combines strong selective activity against key pests with low vertebrate toxicity. The hypothesis that it is less disruptive to beneficial invertebrates and their ecosystem services than are other prevailing insecticide classes was tested. Plots in golf course settings were treated with chlorantraniliprole, or with a representative nicotinoid (clothianidin), pyethroid (bifenthrin) or a combination (clothianidin–bifenthrin) formulation. Non‐target effects were assessed via pitfall traps (epigeal predators), Tullgren funnel extraction (soil microarthropods), hand sorting (earthworms), counting ant mounds and earthworm casts on tees and putting greens, assessing predation on sentinel pest eggs and comparing grass clipping decomposition in treated versus untreated turf.RESULTS: Chlorantraniliprole had little or, in most cases, no impact on predatory or soil invertebrates, predation or decomposition. Each of the other insecticides temporarily reduced abundance and activity of one or more predator groups. Clothianidin and the clothianidin–bifenthrin combination retarded grass clipping decomposition, and the combination suppressed earthworms and casts more than did carbaryl, a toxic standard.CONCLUSION: Chlorantraniliprole is compatible with conservation biocontrol and a good fit for industry initiatives to use relatively less toxic pesticides. One caveat is that its use on golf courses may require targeted management of ant mounds and earthworm casts that are suppressed as a side effect by some less selective insecticides. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
The Effects of Humidity and Serum on the Surface Microhardness and Morphology of Five Retrograde Filling Materials
Authors: Kang J. S. , Rhim E. M. , Huh S. Y. , Ahn S. J. , Kim D. S. , Kim S. Y. , Park S. H. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to compare the surface morphology and surface hardness of five materials 24 h after filling, in conditions of 100% humidity, and fetal bovine serum. The five materials were ProRoot Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), Super‐EBA, Intermediate Restorative Materials (IRM), Zinc Oxide Eugenol (ZOE), and Amalgam. The microhardness of these materials was evaluated by Vickers microhardness test, and their morphologies were compared by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).To evaluate the microhardness, the mixed five materials were measured with Vickers microhardness test. Differences between the experimental groups were analyzed by two‐way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple comparison tests. All analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL).For the microstructural morphological evaluation, the cross cut and root‐end cavity prepared surfaces followed by retrograde filling with five different materials were observed under a Scanning Electron Microscope (Steroscan 440; Leica, Cambridge, England) at ×500. To summarize, Super EBA was less influenced by storage medium than the other materials, especially MTA. However, further long‐term studies considering other factors, such as biocompatibility (i.e. cellular toxicity) and retention, are needed to be collaborated with these findings in the clinical context. SCANNING 34: 207‐214, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The genesis of strategy in new ventures: escaping the constraints of founder and team knowledge
Authors: Fern Michael J. , Cardinal Laura B. , O'Neill Hugh M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAlthough an entrepreneur's initial strategy choices have a critical effect on a new venture's survival, growth, and long‐term performance, few studies have explored how pre‐founding experience influences these choices. Founders who over rely on their historical industry experiences may simply replicate the strategies of legacy firms. In turn, little is known about how founders can break these experience‐based constraints, if they exist. In an empirical analysis of 120 prospective entrants in air transportation from 1995–2005 we find that a founder's past experience strongly constrains choices, and the effect depends on the form of experience and type of strategy choice. Diversity of experience, at the level of the founder and founding team, lessens these constraints. Our results have valuable implications for research in strategy and entrepreneurship. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Portal vein resection in pancreaticoduodenectomy (with video)
Authors: Amano Hodaka , Miura Fumihiko , Takada Tadahiro , Sano Keiji 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSuperior mesenteric vein (SMV) resection during pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for pancreatic cancer was first reported by Moore in 1951. In Japan, utilization of portal vein resection (PVR) became popular beginning in the late 1970s and has resulted in an improved resection rate for pancreatic cancer. Outcomes of PVR differ according to the reported year and institution. In a recent report of meta‐analysis, there was no difference in outcomes after PVR if R0 (negative surgical margins) resection was possible. Pancreatic surgery including vascular resection must be re‐evaluated in light of recent advances in diagnostic imaging and surgical techniques, lower mortality and morbidity after PVR, and improvements in adjuvant and neo‐adjuvant therapy. Isolated portal vein involvement should not be a contraindication to resection. Portal vein resection should be considered after appropriate patient selection based on an accurate diagnosis, provided that safe R0 resection is possible. We describe technical details and considerations for PVR during PD in this paper.
Distal pancreatectomy (with video)
Authors: Egawa Shinichi , Okada Takaho , Motoi Fuyuhiko , Rikiyama Toshiki , Katayose Yu , Unno Michiaki 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDistal pancreatectomy is indicated for lesions in the pancreatic body and tail. Understanding of the anatomical structure of the pancreas and its surroundings is required in various situations in left upper abdominal surgery including the laparoscopic approach. Spleen‐preserving distal pancreatectomy is indicated for lesions confined to the pancreas. Two major spleen‐preserving procedures reported are the Warshaw procedure that conserves the spleen by blood flow from the short gastric vessels and the Kimura procedure that preserves the spleen with splenic vessels. Considering the laparoscopic approach, the surgeon may preserve splenic vessels from the median toward the splenic hilum without mobilization of the spleen. A standard distal pancreatectomy using the medial approach is presented on video. The intraoperative complications of distal pancreatectomy can be minimized by avoiding splenic capsule injury, by careful differentiation of the splenic artery from the common hepatic artery, and by secure closure of the splenic vein stump. The incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula following distal pancreatectomy is reported to be 13% in a nationwide pancreatic cancer registry. Based on the results of an international randomized trial of hand‐sewn and staple closure of the pancreatic stump, the closure method of the pancreatic stump can be the surgeon's choice.
Defining the Role of Laboratory Genetic Counselor
Authors: Christian Susan , Lilley Margaret , Hume Stacey , Scott Patrick , Somerville Martin 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAn increasing number of genetic counselors are moving into non‐clinical roles, where their primary duties do not involve direct patient contact. According to the National Society of Genetic Counselors Professional Status Survey in 2010, 23% of counselors working in non‐clinical roles identified laboratory or genetic testing as their primary area of work. Using a survey, we identified 43 genetic counselors who work predominately in laboratory settings. The two primary tasks performed by participants, include acting as a customer liaison (95%) and calling out test results (88%). Nineteen participants (44.2%) also reported spending a considerable amount of time signing reports. The most prevalent areas of job satisfaction were support from laboratory directors (76.8%), autonomy (76.7%), interactions with clinicians (69.7%) and interaction with other genetics counselors (67.5%). This is the first study specifically looking at the roles of laboratory genetic counselors, which is an expanding area of genetic counseling.
Viscous irrotational analysis of the deformation and break-up time of a bubble or drop in uniaxial straining flow
Authors: Padrino J. C. , Joseph D. D. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe nonlinear deformation and break-up of a bubble or drop immersed in a uniaxial extensional flow of an incompressible viscous fluid is analysed by means of viscous potential flow. In this approximation, the flow field is irrotational and viscosity enters through the balance of normal stresses at the interface. The governing equations are solved numerically to track the motion of the interface by coupling a boundary-element method with a time-integration routine. When break-up occurs, the break-up time computed here is compared with results obtained elsewhere from numerical simulations of the Navier–Stokes equations (Revuelta, Rodríguez-Rodríguez & Martínez-BazánJ. Fluid Mech., vol. 551, 2006, p. 175), which thus keeps vorticity in the analysis, for several combinations of the relevant dimensionless parameters of the problem. For the bubble, for Weber numbers$3\leqslant \mathit{We}\leqslant 6$, predictions from viscous potential flow shows good agreement with the results from the Navier–Stokes equations for the bubble break-up time, whereas for larger$\mathit{We}$, the former underpredicts the results given by the latter. When viscosity is included, larger break-up times are predicted with respect to the inviscid case for the same$\mathit{We}$. For the drop, and considering moderate Reynolds numbers,$\mathit{Re}$, increasing the viscous effects of the irrotational motion produces large, elongated drops that take longer to break up in comparison with results for inviscid fluids. For larger$\mathit{Re}$, it comes as a surprise that break-up times smaller than the inviscid limit are obtained. Unfortunately, results from numerical analyses of the incompressible, unsteady Navier–Stokes equations for the case of a drop have not been presented in the literature, to the best of the authors’ knowledge; hence, comparison with the viscous irrotational analysis is not possible.
The instrumental rationality of addiction
Authors: Pickard Hanna 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe claim that non-addictive drug use is instrumental must be distinguished from the claim that its desired ends are evolutionarily adaptive or easy to comprehend. Use can be instrumental without being adaptive or comprehensible. This clarification, together with additional data, suggests that Müller & Schumann's (M&S's) instrumental framework may explain addictive, as well as non-addictive consumption.