bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The early days of ECASIA
Authors: Werner H. W. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe reasons for the foundation of ECASIA lay far back in the late 50s and 60s of the last century, when material analysis was identical with bulk analysis. With the appearance of surface analytical techniques such as SIMS and AES, the importance of surface analysis became evident. Unfortunately, analysis at that time was considered as inferior to fundamental studies. The infrastructure of analytical laboratories, worldwide, was poor, compared with today's abundant facilities. To cope with all these difficulties, cooperation of all those involved in the application of surface techniques to practical problems was considered inevitable. This resulted in the establishment of the concept of ECASIA in 1982 followed by the first ECASIA conference in 1985. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ToF‐SIMS investigation of ancient ceramics from the Quartaia Site, Tuscany (Italy)
Authors: Tognazzi Antonio , Dattilo Arduino Massimo , Bracchini Luca , Aggravi Marianna , Benetti Francesca , Mugnaini Edoardo , Magnani Agnese , Rossi Claudio 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe study of ancient ceramic fragments provides important information about the production technology that characterized a certain civilization. In this work, time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS), atomic absorption spectroscopy(AAS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study two types of ceramics having different impasto (depurata and non‐depurata ceramics). Ancient fragments, belonging to the archeological site of Quartaia (Tuscany, Italy), were examined to obtain chemical and spatial information on inorganic and organic components. The results revealed the presence of the major elements, i.e. Al, Mg, Na, K, Ca, Si, Fe; minor elements, i.e. Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb; and organic components adsorbed during the firing process, both in depurata and non‐depurata ceramics. In addition, through ToF‐SIMS imaging, it was possible to highlight inorganic components, i.e. Na, Ca, Fe, K and Mg, that showed an inhomogeneous spatial distribution in non‐depurata ceramics. These chemical elements appear to be concentrated inside the inclusions of the non‐depurata ceramics impasto. These unique results demonstrated that ToF‐SIMS is a potential tool to reveal important aspects of the Quartaia ceramic production technology and it results in a very promising technique for the archeological studies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bacterial Nanofluidic Structures for Medicine and Engineering
Authors: Hesse William R. , Freedman Kevin J. , Yi Dong Kee , Ahn Chi Won , Kim MinJun 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBacteria are microscopic, single‐celled organisms that utilize a variety of nanofluidic structures. One of the best known and widely used nanofluidic structures that are derived from bacteria is the α‐hemolysin pore. This pore, which self‐assembles in lipid bilayers, has been used for a wide variety of sensing applications, most notably, DNA sensing. Synthetic pores drilled in a wide variety of materials, such as silicon nitride and polymers have been developed that use inspiration from the α‐hemolysin pore. Higher‐aspect‐ratio nanofluidic structures, akin to nanotubes, are also synthesized by bacteria. Examples of such structures include those that are associated with bacterial transport apparatus, such as pili, and are used by bacteria to facilitate the transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another. Flagella, and its associated structures, such as the rod and hook, are also tubular nanostructures, through which the protein, flagellin, travels to assemble the flagellum. Genetic engineering allows for the creation of modified bacterial nanopores and nanotubes that can be used for a variety of medical and engineering purposes.Frontispiece images reproduced with permission from References 55,8,85. Copyrights 1996, American Association for the Advancement of Scicnce, 2009, Elsevier, and 2007, Institute of Physics, respectively.magnified image
Bionanosphere Lithography via Hierarchical Peptide Self‐Assembly of Aromatic Triphenylalanine
Authors: Han Tae Hee , Ok Taedong , Kim Jangbae , Shin Dong Ok , Ihee Hyotcherl , Lee Hee‐Seung , Kim Sang Ouk 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA nanolithographic approach based on hierarchical peptide self‐assembly is presented. An aromatic peptide of N‐(t‐Boc)‐terminated triphenylalanine is designed from a structural motif for the β‐amyloid associated with Alzheimer's disease. This peptide adopts a turnlike conformation with three phenyl rings oriented outward, which mediate intermolecular π–π stacking interactions and eventually facilitate highly crystalline bionanosphere assembly with both thermal and chemical stability. The self‐assembled bionanospheres spontaneously pack into a hexagonal monolayer at the evaporating solvent edge, constituting evaporation‐induced hierarchical self‐assembly. Metal nanoparticle arrays or embossed Si nanoposts could be successfully created from the hexagonal bionanosphere array masks in conjunction with a conventional metal‐evaporation or etching process. Our approach represents a bionanofabrication concept that biomolecular self‐assembly is hierarchically directed to establish a straightforward nanolithography compatible with conventional device‐fabrication processes.
Value of prenatal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in assessment of congenital primary cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Lipitz S. , Hoffmann C. , Feldman B. , Tepperberg‐Dikawa M. , Schiff E. , Weisz B. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the outcome of pregnancies with proven and well‐dated primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection with and without abnormal fetal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.MethodsThis was a prospective study of 38 singleton pregnancies with proven vertical transmission of CMV and prenatal ultrasound and MRI examinations. Entry requirements included precise dating of the pregnancy and known time of maternal infection. Neonatal follow‐up was a strict requirement, all neonates having eye fundus examination, a brain ultrasound scan and a hearing evaluation. All children were followed up by specialists in child development.ResultsPrimary CMV infection occurred during the first trimester in 10 patients, the second trimester in 19 and the third trimester in nine. Twenty‐four of 29 patients with first‐ or second‐trimester infections delivered; the other five underwent termination of pregnancy (TOP). Three patients had abnormal sonographic findings with normal MRI. Of these, two had damage to the auditory system. In both cases, infection occurred during the first trimester. In 16 patients with first‐ or second‐trimester infection, both ultrasound and MRI exams were normal; there was one TOP but all other cases had favorable outcome, with normal hearing and developmental evaluations. The outcome of five pregnancies with subtle MRI findings and normal ultrasound exam was also favorable. None of the children infected during the third trimester was affected.ConclusionThe outcome of congenital primary CMV infection with normal prenatal ultrasound and MRI exams is favorable. The prognostic value of subtle MRI findings is limited and when such findings are isolated, termination of pregnancy is unlikely to be justified. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coverage for composite event detection in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Yang Yinying , Ambrose Arny , Cardei Mihaela 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA wireless sensor network can detect single (or atomic) events or composite events. Since sensors are battery powered and in general, it is hard to recharge them, energy management is always an important issue. In this paper, we study the SCED problem; given a wireless sensor network deployed for watching a composite event x1, x2, … , xM, design a sensor scheduling mechanism such that the set of active sensors ensure the coverage and connectivity conditions and WSN lifetime is maximized. Network lifetime is organized in rounds. Each round has two phases: initialization and data collection. In the initialization phase, the goal is to choose a set of active sensors as sensing nodes or relay nodes such that to achieve both coverage and connectivity requirements. Sensors which are not chosen to be active go to sleep to save energy. In the data collection phase, active sensors perform sensing and data relaying. When another round begins, a new set of active sensors are determined. Two solutions are proposed for the SCED problem, a grid‐based distributed algorithm and a localized algorithm. We analyze their performance through simulations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cooperative multiple relay system for frequency selective environment: outage analysis and power allocation
Authors: Haghighi Ali A. , Navaie Keivan 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a novel cooperative relaying scheme with multiple relays for frequency selective wireless environment. In our proposed scheme, the frequency selective wireless channel is divided into flat fading sub‐channels. Cooperative relaying is then employed over each sub‐channel to improve the system diversity order. We then investigate the asymptotic behavior of the outage probability and show that the proposed scheme achieves full diversity order in both amplify and forward (AF) and adaptive decode and forward (ADF) relaying scenarios. Furthermore, we propose a power allocation strategy to minimize the system outage probability. Simulation results confirm our analysis and show that the proposed power allocation method outperforms uniform power allocation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aggregate node placement for maximizing network lifetime in sensor networks
Authors: Liang Weifa , Xu Yinlong , Shi Jiugen , Luo Junzhou 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSensor networks have been receiving significant attention due to their potential applications in environmental monitoring and surveillance domains. In this paper, we consider the design issue of sensor networks by placing a few powerful aggregate nodes into a dense sensor network such that the network lifetime is significantly prolonged when performing data gathering. Specifically, givenKaggregate nodes and a dense sensor network consisting ofnsensors withK≪n, the problem is to place theKaggregate nodes into the network such that the lifetime of the resulting network is maximized, subject to the distortion constraints that both the maximum transmission range of an aggregate node and the maximum transmission delay between an aggregate node and its covered sensor are met. This problem is a joint optimization problem of aggregate node placement and the communication structure, which is NP‐hard. In this paper, we first give a non‐linear programming solution for it. We then devise a novel heuristic algorithm. We finally conduct experiments by simulation to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm in terms of network lifetime. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms a commonly used uniform placement schema — equal distance placement schema significantly. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Authenticated key exchange protocol with selectable identities
Authors: Guo Hua , Mu Yi , Zhang Xiyong , Li Zhoujun 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn the traditional identity‐based cryptography, a user, who holds multiple identities, has to manage multiple private keys, where each private key is associated with an identity. In this paper, we present a key agreement protocol, which allows a single private key to map multiple public keys (identities) that are selectable by the user. That is, the established session key is associated with an arbitrary subset of identities held by the user, while the unselected identities remain secret to other participants. As a bonus, our scheme can be considered as a credential‐based key agreement, where the unique private key can be treated as a credential of the user and the user only proves that his credential is associated with some selected identities. We prove that our scheme is secure in the random oracle model. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New generation of loxP‐mutated deletion cassettes for the genetic manipulation of yeast natural isolates
Authors: Carter Zorana , Delneri Daniela 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this work, we developed molecular tools used in standard laboratory yeast strains, such as the cre–loxP system, so that they can be used with natural and industrial prototrophic yeast species. We constructed a new generation of dominant cassettes, with mutated loxP sites (loxLE and lox2272) and selectable drug markers, to create heterothallic strains and auxotrophic mutants without incurring in the risk of generating chromosomal rearrangements. We have shown that our newly developed loxLE–hphNT1–loxRE and lox2272–natNT2–lox2272 gene‐disruption cassettes can be present in the yeast genome together with the widely used loxP–marker gene–loxP cassettes without any recombination between the lox sequences. Moreover, we also developed a new phleomycin‐resistant Cre‐expressing vector (to excise multiple markers simultaneously) and two new standard loxP deletion cassettes containing hygromicin B and cloNAT as selecatable markers. To validate these cassettes, we created heterothallic auxotrophic S. cerevisiae strains, without the risk of incurring gross chromosomal rearrangements, and we showed an example of a fitness study of intraspecific hybrids deriving from parents with different adaptations to carbon‐limited resources. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The dynamic frames theory
Authors: Kassios I. T. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The theory of Dynamic Frames has been invented to deal with the frame problem in the presence of encapsulation and pointers. It has proved more flexible and conceptually simpler than previous approaches that tackled the problem. It is now being actively used both for theoretical and for practical purposes related to the formal verification of program correctness. This paper presents the full theory of Dynamic Frames, together with its reasoning laws and exemplifies the use of these laws in proving correct several common design patterns. It also discusses the ongoing research on the topic.
The Consumption of Milk and Dairy Foods and the Incidence of Vascular Disease and Diabetes: An Overview of the Evidence
Authors: Elwood Peter C. , Pickering Janet E. , Givens D. Ian , Gallacher John E. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe health effects of milk and dairy food consumption would best be determined in randomised controlled trials. No adequately powered trial has been reported and none is likely because of the numbers required. The best evidence comes, therefore, from prospective cohort studies with disease events and death as outcomes. Medline was searched for prospective studies of dairy food consumption and incident vascular disease and Type 2 diabetes, based on representative population samples. Reports in which evaluation was in incident disease or death were selected. Meta‐analyses of the adjusted estimates of relative risk for disease outcomes in these reports were conducted. Relevant case–control retrospective studies were also identified and the results are summarised in this article. Meta‐analyses suggest a reduction in risk in the subjects with the highest dairy consumption relative to those with the lowest intake: 0.87 (0.77, 0.98) for all‐cause deaths, 0.92 (0.80, 0.99) for ischaemic heart disease, 0.79 (0.68, 0.91) for stroke and 0.85 (0.75, 0.96) for incident diabetes. The number of cohort studies which give evidence on individual dairy food items is very small, but, again, there is no convincing evidence of harm from consumption of the separate food items. In conclusion, there appears to be an enormous mis‐match between the evidence from long‐term prospective studies and perceptions of harm from the consumption of dairy food items.
Morbidity and mortality due to unsafe abortion in Pakistan
Authors: Shaikh Zunaira , Abbassi Razia Mustafa , Rizwan Naushaba , Abbasi Sumera 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the frequency of women who had undergone an unsafe abortion and attended a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan with complications.MethodsPatients with a history of termination at a gestational age of less than or equal to 22 weeks were included in the study.ResultsOf 230 women who met the inclusion criteria, 50 (21.7%) patients had undergone an unsafe abortion and attended the hospital with associated complications. Unintended pregnancy was the reason for the abortion in 82% of women (n = 41). Eighteen (36%) underwent terminations performed by doctors, 18 (36%) by Lady Health Visitors (n = 18), 10 (20%) by an untrained birth attendant (Dai), and 4 (8.0%) by nurses. Dilatation and evacuation procedures were performed in 28 (56.0%) women, while a Laminaria tent prior to evacuation was used in 18 (36.0%). Major complications included uterine perforation and gastrointestinal injury, observed in 27 (54.0%) women. Hemorrhage was observed in 13 (26.0%) women with retained products of conception after incomplete abortion. Six (12.0%) women died.ConclusionHealthcare providers performed the majority of terminations. To prevent maternal mortality, improved skills through refresher courses and workshops on safer methods are needed.
Sexual behavior and knowledge of sexually transmitted infections among university students in Sao Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Caetano Maria Eugenia , Linhares Iara Moreno , Pinotti Jose Aristodemo , Maggio da Fonseca Angela , Wojitani Maria Dulce , Giraldo Paulo Cesar 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the sexual behavior and knowledge about sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among undergraduate students in Sao Paulo, Brazil.MethodsSelf‐reported questionnaires were used.ResultsMost of the 447 students in the study were single (97.3%), in their first year of university (87.7%), and the mean ages were 20.4 years (males) and 19.8 years (females). Vaginal intercourse was practiced by 69.7% of males and 48.4% of females, oral sex by 64.5% of males and 43.7% of females, and anal sex by 18.4% of males and 14.1% of females. Use of a condom during vaginal sex was practiced by 80.4% of males and 74.8% of females and during anal sex by 47.8% of males and 30.0% of females. Knowledge of transmission of STIs was greater than 90% for HIV, syphilis, genital herpes, and gonorrhea; 63%–76% for HPV and genital warts; 30%–34% forTrichomonasand only 16% forChlamydia. Only 25%–34% knew that HIV was transmitted by breastfeeding; 56%–60% knew that HIV was transmitted by anal sex.ConclusionMany students engage in high‐risk sexual behavior with multiple partners and use condoms inconsistently. Knowledge of the acquisition and modes of sexual and vertical transmission of HIV are strikingly deficient.
Sexual violations among married women in southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Chigbu Chibuike O. , Ekweazi Kingsley E. , Chigbu Chioma C. , Iwuji Stella E. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate domestic sexual violations in southeastern Nigeria and the opinions of married women regarding sexual rights for women.MethodMarried women attending gynecologic clinics at 3 major hospitals in Enugu, Nigeria, completed a structured questionnaire.ResultsA culture of male dominance seemed to be the leading cause for the following high rates: husband's total monopoly on decisions regarding sex, 54.1%; inability to refuse the husband's demands for sex, 60.7%; sex‐related verbal abuse, 39.3%; sex‐related physical violence, 16.2%; and forced sex, 19.1%. Women with a university education and unemployed women reported sexual violations more frequently than did others. Most respondents supported sexual rights for women.ConclusionMarried women in southeastern Nigeria still are denied sexual rights, apparently owing to a culture of male dominance. A higher education alone may not lead to the advent of sexual rights for women, and a greater emphasis should be placed on societal reorientation.
Setting priorities in clinical and health services research: Properties of an adapted and updated method
Authors: Berra Silvina , Sánchez Emília , Pons Joan M. V. , Tebé Cristian , Alonso Jordi , Aymerich Marta 
Published: April 2010

Objectives:The objectives of this study is to review the set of criteria of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) for priority-setting in research with addition of new criteria if necessary, and to develop and evaluate the reliability and validity of the final priority score.Methods:Based on the evaluation of 199 research topics, forty-five experts identified additional criteria for priority-setting, rated their relevance, and ranked and weighted them in a three-round modified Delphi technique. A final priority score was developed and evaluated. Internal consistency, test–retest and inter-rater reliability were assessed. Correlation with experts’ overall qualitative topic ratings were assessed as an approximation to validity.Results:All seven original IOM criteria were considered relevant and two new criteria were added (“potential for translation into practice”, and “need for knowledge”). Final ranks and relative weights differed from those of the original IOM criteria: “research impact on health outcomes” was considered the most important criterion (4.23), as opposed to “burden of disease” (3.92). Cronbach's alpha (0.75) and test–retest stability (interclass correlation coefficient = 0.66) for the final set of criteria were acceptable. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for overall assessment of priority was 0.66.Conclusions:A reliable instrument for prioritizing topics in clinical and health services research has been developed. Further evaluation of its validity and impact on selecting research topics is required.
Study of progesterone for the prevention of preterm birth in twins (STOPPIT): Findings from a trial-based cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Eddama Oya , Petrou Stavros , Regier Dean , Norrie John , MacLennan Graeme , Mackenzie Fiona , Norman Jane E. 
Published: April 2010

Objectives: Preterm birth contributes to a range of healthcare problems amongst infants surmounting to sizeable healthcare costs. Twin pregnancies are at particular risk of preterm birth. The objective of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of vaginal progesterone gel for the prevention of preterm birth in twin pregnancies.Methods: An economic evaluation was conducted alongside a randomized placebo controlled trial (the STOPPIT trial) of vaginal progesterone gel for the prevention of preterm birth in twin pregnancies. Five hundred women were recruited from nine maternity hospitals in the United Kingdom. The outcomes of the economic evaluation were presented in terms of net benefit statistics, cost-effectiveness acceptability curves, generated using the nonparametric bootstrap method, and the expected value of perfect information.Results: Mean health service costs between the period of randomization and discharge for mother and infant were £28,031 in the progesterone group and £25,972 in the placebo group, generating a mean nonsignificant cost difference of £2,059 (bootstrap mean cost difference £2,334; 95 percent confidence interval: −£5,023, £9,142; p = .33). The probability of progesterone being cost-effective was 20 percent at a willingness to pay threshold of £30,000 per preterm birth prevented. There is little economic justification for conducting further research into the use of vaginal progesterone gel in twin pregnancies for the prevention of preterm birth.Conclusions: Further studies of preventive interventions for preterm birth more generally are required given the scale of the clinical and economic burden of this condition. These studies should be sufficiently powered for economic endpoints and extend beyond hospital discharge.