bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract B79: Evaluation of active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) for the prevention or delay of tumor growth in human cervical cancer xenograft model
Authors: Smith Judith A. , Mathew Lata , Gaikwad Anjali , Jaffari Mona , Julius Jusitn M. , Julius Jusitn M. , Frumovitz Michael , Dalrymple John L. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Purpose: Active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) is a mixture of polysaccharides, amino acids, lipids and minerals extracted from the culture of the basidiomycete mushroom Lentinula edodes (shiitake) that has been proposed to have many health benefits including both immunomodulatory and anti-tumor effects. In clinical studies AHCC has demonstrated numerous immunomodulating and potential restorative effects on natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages and cytokines. The objectives of this study were to evaluate if daily treatment with AHCC would eradicate human papillomavirus (HPV) 16/18 expression and prevent or delay cervical tumor growth using human xenograft mouse model.
Methods: Selected cervical cancer cells, SiHa (HPV 16/18 positive), and C-33A (HPV negative) were treated in vitro with a single dose AHCC 0.42 mg/mL and incubated for 72 hours. In the second study AHCC dose was repeated once every 24 hours for total of seven days. This was followed by a three arm in vivo study in two xenograft cervical cancer mouse models, SiHa (HPV 16/18 positive), and C-33A (HPV negative), in which each cell line had ten mice for the treatment arm, vehicle control arm and no treatment arm. Mice in the treatment arm received 50 mg/kg AHCC in 0.25 mL of sterile water every day for seven days before the injection of the tumor cells and until the completion of the study. Tumors were measured three times per week. After 90 days of treatment, there was a 30 day observation period to evaluate the potential for recurrence of the HPV infection and the impact on tumor growth. At the end of the study, tumors were extracted and RT-PCR was completed on DNA samples from extracted protein to evaluate the HPV expression.
Results: In vitro treatment with a single dose of AHCC for 72 hour incubation suppressed HPV expression in the first 24 hours but then HPV expression recovered by 48 hours. However, with continuous in vitro exposure, sustained HPV suppression was observed. In the in vivo animal studies, expression of HPV was eradicated with once daily AHCC dosing for 90 days and no detection of HPV expression was sustained after 30 days off treatment. In addition, AHCC daily treatment was associated with a 15.9% decrease in SiHa (HPV 16/18 positive) tumor growth compared to the untreated control (P&lt; 0.05). AHCC did impact the growth rate of the C-33A (HPV negative) tumors.
Conclusion: In conclusion, these data suggest daily dosing of AHCC will eradicate HPV 16/18 infections and may have a role in the prevention of HPV-related cervical cancer. Furthermore, there is a potential for the addition of AHCC to primary treatment regimens for cervical cancer, which may potentially improve response rates and prevent recurrence. A confirmatory pilot study in HPV positive women is underway.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2011;4(10 Suppl):B79.
Abstract B83: Isoflavones from phytoestrogens and cervical cancer risk: A nested case-control study
Authors: Ju Woong , Kim Seung Cheol , Kim Nam Hee , Kim Yun Hwan 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Objective: The effect of soybean products in cervical cancer risk has not been investigated yet. To examine the association between soybean product intake and cervical cancer risk, we measured phytoestrogen biological markers in cervical cancer patients and non-cancer control patients.
Methods: Among patients visit Ewha womans university hospital between October 2007 and October 2010, 143 cases and 143 matched controls as same age distribution were enrolled. The concentrations of the four biomarkers in the plasma samples were measured using time-resolved fluoro-immunoassay. Dose-response relationship was analyzed with restricted cubic spline method. Conditional and unconditional logistic regression models were used to compute the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results: There are linear relationships between two isoflavones concentrations (daidzein, equol) and cervical cancer risk. As daidzein concentration increased by 100 nmol/L, cervical cancer risk significantly increases by 41.4%. (P=0.028) Compared with the reference group, cervical cancer risk increased significantly in higher concentration of daidzein(P=0.04), genistein(3rd and 4th quantile, P=0.03), enterolactone(3rd quantile, P=0.003).
Conclusions: Serum concentrations of daidzein, genistein, and enterolactone were siginificantly associated with a increased risk for cervical cancer.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2011;4(10 Suppl):B83.
Abstract B87: Analgesics use increase the risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC): Results from a large up-to-date meta-analysis
Authors: Choueiri Toni K. , Je Youjin , Cho Eunyoung 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Introduction: Analgesics have been linked to an increased risk of developing renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but the evidence is mixed. Using a meta-analysis design of all available studies, we investigated the association between analgesic use and RCC risk.
Methods: We searched the MEDLINE database to identify eligible case-control or cohort studies published in English from 1966 to July 1, 2011 for 3 categories of analgesics: acetaminophen, aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Study-specific effect estimates were pooled to compute an overall relative risk (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI), using a random effects model, for each category of the analgesics. Analyses were conducted according to regular/any use and high dose or long-duration of use, separately.
Results: We identified 18 studies (12 for acetaminophen, 12 for aspirin, and 5 for other NSAIDs) that were performed in 6 countries. Regular/any use of acetaminophen and other NSAIDs were each associated with an increased risk of RCC: pooled RR, 1.33 (95% CI 1.18–1.49) for acetaminophen and 1.26 (95% CI, 1.09–1.44) for other NSAIDs, respectively. For use of aspirin, we found no significant increased risk (pooled RR, 1.14 [95% CI, 0.98–1.33]). Similar risk trends were seen with high dose of analgesics intake. No significant difference in associations was found by study design (case-control vs. cohort), type of controls in case-control study (population based vs. hospital based), outcome (RCC vs. kidney cancer), and gender (male vs. female). There was no indication of publication bias for the 3 analgesics. Conclusions: In this meta-analysis of analgesics use and RCC risk, we found that use of acetaminophen and non-aspirin NSAIDs was associated with a significant increased risk of developing RCC.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2011;4(10 Suppl):B87.
Abstract ED04-01: Breast cancer chemoprevention
Authors: Cuzick Jack 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
There is much activity on this front. For the selective estrogen receptor modifiers (SERMs), there is long term data on raloxifene and recent data on new SERMs – (lasofoxilene and arzoxifene). An individual patient overview will be given to update both short-term (&lt; 5 yrs) and long term (5–10 y) efforts.
Results from the MAP3 trial on the aromatase inhibitor exemestane has recently been reported and additional long term data on prevention of contralateral tumours in the adjuvant ATAC trial using anastrozole will be reviewed, as well as the current situation of the IBIS II prevention trial with anastrozole.
There is much interest in nonhormonal agents for breast cancer prevention including metformin, bisphosphonates, aspirin, and the NSAIDs, which will all be reviewed.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2011;4(10 Suppl):ED04-01.
Abstract PL02-02: Energy balance and cancer prevention: Lessons learned from clinical research
Authors: Goodwin Pamela J. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Energy balance is associated with risk of development of many common cancers, and with clinical outcomes after cancer diagnosis in several solid tumors. Higher BMI leads to an increased risk of most solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. Exceptions in both sexes include lung and esophageal cancer; in women they also include premenopausal breast cancer (Renehan et al Lancet 2008). Physical inactivity has been convincingly or probably associated with increased risk of cancer of the breast, colon and endometrial cancer and possibly associated with an increased risk of lung, prostate and ovarian cancers; it has been estimated risk of these cancers might be reduced by 20–30% in active individuals (Friedenreich C et al Eur J Cancer 2010). Furthermore, observational data suggest that cancer risk may be reduced in obese individuals who undergo bariatric surgery (Renehan Lancet Oncology 2009) and that risk of obesity-related cancers (breast, colon, endometrial, any obesity associated cancer) is reduced in individuals reported an intentional weight loss of 20 pounds or more. Similar associations have been reported in patients diagnosed with several common types of cancer. For example, higher BMI has been convincingly associated with poor breast cancer outcomes; meta-analyses suggest relative risk of recurrence or death is increased by 25–40% in obese women. Evidence is less convincing for colorectal cancer; obesity may be associated with prostate cancer having more aggressive characteristics. Higher levels of physical activity pre and/or post diagnosis have been associated with improved outcomes in breast and colorectal cancer. One randomized trial involving 2437 early stage breast cancer patients reported improved relapse free survival (HR 0.96, 95%CI 0.60–0.98) in those randomized to a reduced fat diet (associated with modest weight loss) versus controls. A second RCT in breast cancer survivors failed to identify a prognostic effect of a more complex dietary intervention that lowered fat intake but was not associated with weight loss. Intervention studies have convincingly demonstrated that modification of energy balance (physical activity, dietary change, weight loss) in cancer patients is feasible, particularly in those with breast cancer, but confirmation of beneficial effects on cancer outcomes is lacking. Potential physiologic mediators of prognostic effects of energy balance include members of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor pathway, inflammation, adipocytokines and sex hormones; it is likely the relative importance of these factors varies across tumor types. Large scale intervention studies targeting energy balance, its components (e.g. physical activity) and/or key physiologic mediators are needed to provide high level evidence regarding benefits of modifying energy balance, or its physiologic mediators. One study targeting insulin (MA32) is underway in breast cancer survivors; others have been proposed.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2011;4(10 Suppl):PL02-02.
Abstract PL03-02: Using technology for early cancer prevention among youth
Authors: Prokhorov Alexander V. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Computer and internet technology is becoming widely available and heavily used by youth in the United States. Today's cancer prevention programs geared towards young individuals ought to consider technology as a cost-effective and attractive channel of information delivery. Our investigative team has implemented several technology-assisted early cancer prevention programs aimed at smoking prevention and cessation. Our first large-scale study that used computer technology (CD-ROM) was Project ASPIRE. This interactive multimedia program tailored to the needs of individual user was tested in 16 Houston-area high schools. At 18-month smoking initiation rates were significantly lower in the ASPIRE condition compared to controls (N=1,160; 1.9% vs. 5.9%, p&lt;.05). The additive effects of multiple smoking initiation risks were examined using a cumulative model. As the level of risk increased smoking initiation increased significantly in the control group (2.7% to 17.2%, p&lt;.001), while remaining low and stable in the intervention group. Currently, ASPIRE is being disseminated online among thousands of users in 21 states. Smoking cessation programs for community college students (laptop-assisted Project Look at Your Health) and university students (internet-based Project SUCCESS) were tested in two randomized controlled trials. In Project Look at Your Health (N=326), the cotinine-validated smoking quit rates at 10-month follow-up were 17.2% and 10.2% in the experimental group and standard-care group, respectively (p&lt;.06). Statistically significant results were achieved in the updated and improved online version of the intervention used in Project SUCCESS. At 12 months, (N=236), the intent-to-treat analysis revealed the quit rates of 20% in the experimental condition versus 10% in the standard care, (p&lt;.01). Currently, we are designing the 3rd version of the smoking cessation intervention for college students that systematically addresses depressive symptoms and alcohol use. Our investigative team is among the leaders designing the cutting-edge educational tools for youth in the form of video games. Our DOD-funded prototype tobacco prevention and cessation video game, Escape with Your Life, is using a hospital metaphor in which participants learn about the dangers of tobacco use while visiting various rooms (surgery, patient records, waste disposal, accounting, etc.). This novel educational tool is richly equipped with animations, videos, and interactive features. Escape with Your Life has produced promising preliminary results. Currently, we are in the final stages of designing a tablet computer-based smoking cessation video game for the U.S. Army service members who are at high risk for lifelong nicotine dependence and multiple tobacco-attributable cancers.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2011;4(10 Suppl):PL03-02.
Abstract PL03-03: Innovative policies to reduce tobacco use and harm
Authors: Hatsukami Dorothy K. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Under the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act, the Food and Drug Administration is now empowered to regulate tobacco products. One section of this Act describes the authority for FDA to establish tobacco product standards. This presentation will describe standards which may significantly reduce the prevalence of tobacco use and mortality and morbidity. These standards include regulating the attractiveness (e.g., formulations, packaging and flavorants), addictiveness (e.g., reducing levels of nicotine and other constituents that enhance addiction) and toxicity (e.g., establishing standards for levels of toxicants) of tobacco products. Results from the University of Minnesota, Trandisciplinary Tobacco Use Center will be presented that support these potential policies.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2011;4(10 Suppl):PL03-03.
Ischemic Preconditioning for Prevention of Contrast Medium–Induced Nephropathy
Authors: Er Fikret , Nia Amir M. , Dopp Henning , Hellmich Martin , Dahlem Kristina M. , Caglayan Evren , Kubacki Torsten , Benzing Thomas , Erdmann Erland , Burst Volker , Gassanov Natig 
Published: June 2012

Background—
Contrast medium–induced acute kidney injury is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The underlying mechanism has been attributed in part to ischemic kidney injury. The aim of this randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial was to assess the impact of remote ischemic preconditioning on contrast medium–induced acute kidney injury.

Methods and Results—

Patients with impaired renal function (serum creatinine >1.4 mg/dL or estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL · min
−1
· 1.73 m
−2
) undergoing elective coronary angiography were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to standard care with (n=50) or without ischemic preconditioning (n=50; intermittent arm ischemia through 4 cycles of 5-minute inflation and 5-minute deflation of a blood pressure cuff). Overall, both study groups were at high risk of developing contrast medium–induced acute kidney injury according to the Mehran risk score. The primary end point was the incidence of contrast medium–induced kidney injury, defined as an increase in serum creatinine ≥25% or ≥0.5 mg/dL above baseline at 48 hours after contrast medium exposure. Contrast medium–induced acute kidney injury occurred in 26 patients (26%), 20 (40%) in the control group and 6 (12%) in the remote ischemic preconditioning group (odds ratio, 0.21; 95% confidence interval, 0.07–0.57;
P
=0.002). No major adverse events were related to remote ischemic preconditioning.

Conclusions—
Remote ischemic preconditioning before contrast medium use prevents contrast medium–induced acute kidney injury in high-risk patients. Our findings merit a larger trial to establish the effect of remote ischemic preconditioning on clinical outcomes.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.germanctr.de
. Unique identifier: U1111-1118-8098.
Computer Therapy Compared With Usual Care for People With Long-Standing Aphasia Poststroke
Authors: Palmer Rebecca , Enderby Pam , Cooper Cindy , Latimer Nick , Julious Steven , Paterson Gail , Dimairo Munyaradzi , Dixon Simon , Mortley Jane , Hilton Rose , Delaney Audrey , Hughes Helen 
Published: June 2012

Background and Purpose—
The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of conducting a randomized controlled trial to study the effectiveness of self-managed computer treatment for people with long-standing aphasia after stroke.

Method—
In this pilot single-blinded, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial participants with aphasia were allocated to self-managed computer treatment with volunteer support or usual care (everyday language activity). The 5-month intervention period was followed by 3 months without intervention to investigate treatment maintenance.

Results—

Thirty-four participants were recruited. Seventeen participants were allocated to each group. Thirteen participants from the usual care group and 15 from the computer treatment group were followed up at 5 months. An average of 4 hours 43 minutes speech and language therapy time and 4 hours volunteer support time enabled an average of 25 hours of independent practice. The difference in percentage change in naming ability from baseline at 5 months between groups was 19.8% (95% CI, 4.4–35.2;
P
=0.014) in favor of the treatment group. Participants with more severe aphasia showed little benefit. Results demonstrate early indications of cost-effectiveness of self-managed computer therapy.

Conclusion—
This pilot trial indicates that self-managed computer therapy for aphasia is feasible and that it will be practical to recruit sufficient participants to conduct an appropriately powered clinical trial to investigate the effectiveness of self-managed computer therapy for people with long-standing aphasia.

Clinical Trial Registration—

www.controlled-trials.com
. Unique identifier: ISRCTN91534629.
A Clustering Approach to Compare Cloud Model Simulations to Satellite Observations
Authors: Wang Fang , Kummerow Christian 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Cloud-resolving models (CRMs) offer an important pathway to interpret satellite observations of microphysical properties of storms. High-frequency microwave brightness temperatures (Tbs) respond to precipitating-sized ice particles and can therefore be compared with simulated Tbs at the same frequencies. By clustering the Tb vectors at these frequencies, the scene can be classified into distinct microphysical regimes (in other words, cloud types). A convective storm over the Amazon observed by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) is simulated using the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) in a semi-ideal setting, and four regimes are defined within the scene using cluster analysis: the “clear sky/thin cirrus” cluster, the “cloudy” cluster, the “stratiform anvil” cluster, and the “convective” cluster. Cluster-by-cluster comparisons between the observations and the simulations disclose biases in the model that are consistent with an overproduction of supercooled water and an excess of large hail particles. While other problems cannot be completely ruled out, the method does provide some guidance to assess microphysical fidelity within each cluster or cloud type. Guided by the apparent model/observational discrepancies in the convective cloud cluster, the hail size parameter was adjusted in order to produce a greater number of smaller hail particles consistent with the observations. While the work cannot define microphysical errors in an unambiguously fashion, the cluster analysis is seen as useful to isolate individual microphysical inconsistencies that can then be addressed within each cluster of cloud type.
Applicability of AIRS Monthly Mean Atmospheric Water Vapor Profiles over the Tibetan Plateau Region
Authors: Zhang Yuwei , Wang Donghai , Zhai Panmao , Gu Guojun 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The research explores the applicability of the gridded (level 3) monthly tropospheric water vapor (version 5) retrievals from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument and the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) on board the NASA Aqua satellite over the Tibetan Plateau by comparing them with carefully processed radiosonde data. Local correlation analyses indicate that below 200 hPa, the AIRS/AMSU monthly water vapor retrievals are highly consistent with radiosondes over the whole plateau region, especially in the southeastern part and between 300 and 600 hPa. Relative deviation analyses further show that the differences between monthly mean AIRS/AMSU water vapor retrieval data and radiosondes are, in general, small below 250 hPa, in particular between 300 and 600 hPa and in high-altitude areas. Combined with a further direct comparison between AIRS/AMSU water vapor vertical retrievals and radiosonde observations averaged over the entire domain, these results suggest that the gridded monthly AIRS/AMSU water vapor retrievals can provide a very good account of spatial patterns and temporal variations in tropospheric water vapor content in the Tibetan Plateau region, in particular below 200 hPa. However, differences between AIRS/AMSU retrievals and radiosondes are seen at various levels, in particular above the level of 250 hPa. Therefore, for detailed quantitative analyses of water budget in the atmosphere and the entire water cycle, AIRS/AMSU retrieval data may need to be corrected or trained using radiosondes. Two fitting functions are derived for warm and cold seasons, although the seasonal difference is generally small.