bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographic variation of host use in the leaf beetle Agelasa nigriceps suggests host range expansion
Authors: Kohyama Tetsuo I. , Matsumoto Kazuma , Katakura Haruo 
Published: January 2012

AbstractHost range expansion is an important event in the evolution of host use in phytophagous insects. Herein, we report geographic variation of host use in the chrysomelid leaf beetle, Agelasa nigriceps Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and suggest that this beetle is expanding its host range. This beetle has been recently recorded on Pterostyrax hispidus Sieb. et Zucc. (Styracaceae) in addition to its common host plant Actinidia arguta (Sieb. et Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq. (Actinidiaceae). The A. arguta‐associated populations were widely found in Japan, whereas the P. hispidus‐associated populations were found only in central and southwestern Japan. In the present study, we examined adult feeding behavior and larval performance of 12 A. nigriceps populations collected from eight localities, four localities where beetles occurred only on A. arguta (allopatric localities) and four localities where A. arguta‐ and P. hispidus‐associated populations occurred sympatrically (sympatric localities). Beetles of all populations, irrespective of their host plants and localities, showed high acceptance of and high larval performance on A. arguta leaves. In contrast, we found considerable variation in the beetle response to P. hispidus leaves. The A. arguta‐associated populations of allopatric localities scarcely accepted P. hispidus leaves, whereas those of sympatric localities, particularly those of P. hispidus‐associated populations, accepted and grew on P. hispidus leaves, although the degree of acceptance and larval performance varied among localities. These results strongly suggest that A. arguta is the ancestral host for A. nigriceps, and host range expansion to the P. hispidus has occurred in this beetle.
Full‐mouth disinfection and systemic antimicrobial therapy in generalized aggressive periodontitis: a randomized, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Aimetti Mario , Romano Federica , Guzzi Nicoletta , Carnevale Gianfranco 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAimThe present investigation aimed to analyse clinical and microbiological effects of systemic administration of metronidazole and amoxicillin combined with the One‐Stage‐Full‐Mouth‐Disinfection protocol (OSFMD) in generalized aggressive periodontitis patients (G‐AgP).Materials and MethodsThirty‐nine systemically healthy patients with G‐AgP were consecutively included. The test group (n = 19) received amoxicillin‐metronidazole combination (500 mg of each, three times a day for 7 days) and the OSFMD, the control group (n = 20) received the OSFMD and a placebo. In addition to clinical parameters subgingival plaque samples from moderate (4–5 mm) and deep (≥6 mm) pocket sites were analysed for the presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola using polymerase chain reaction.ResultsBoth therapies led to a statistically significant decrease in clinical and microbiological parameters compared to baseline (p < 0.001). The most beneficial changes were observed in the test group which showed significantly greater improvements in probing depth and clinical attachment level and a lower prevalence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia compared to the control one (p < 0.05).ConclusionsSystemic administration of metronidazole and amoxicillin as an adjunct to OSFMD therapy significantly improved clinical and microbiological outcomes in patients with G‐AgP over a 6‐month period.
Immunolocalization of steroidogenic enzymes and their expression during the breeding season in the testes of wild raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides)
Authors: WENG Qiang , TSUBOTA Toshio , DAI Mingdao , WENG Jiaju , TIAN Yang , XU Meiyu , WATANABE Gen , TAYA Kazuyoshi 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to investigate immunolocalization of steroidogenic enzymes 3βHSD, P450c17 and P450arom and their expression during the breeding season in wild male raccoon dogs. The testicular weight, size and seminiferous tubule diameters were measured, and histological and immunohistochemical observations of testes were performed. The messenger RNA expression (mRNA) of 3βHSD, P450c17 and P450arom was measured in the testes during the breeding season. 3βHSD was found in Leydig cells during the breeding and non‐breeding seasons with more intense staining in the breeding season. P450c17 was identified in Leydig cells and spermatids in the breeding season, whereas it was present only in Leydig cells in the non‐breeding season. The localization of P450arom changed seasonally: no immunostaining in the non‐breeding season; more extensive immunostaining in Leydig cells, Sertoli cells and elongating spermatids in the breeding season. In addition, 3βHSD, P450c17 and P450arom mRNA were also expressed in the testes during the breeding season. These results suggested that seasonal changes in testicular weight, size and seminiferous tubule diameter in the wild raccoon dog were correlated with spermatogenesis and immunoreactivity of steroidogenic enzymes and that steroidogenic enzymes may play an important role in the spermatogenesis and testicular recrudescence and regression process.
The Concept of Centrality in Chinese Diaspora
Authors: Shen Vincent 
Published: January 2012

AbstractChinese people indiasporas, though far from their homeland, still refer to the concept of centrality as defining their own Chineseness. The meaning of “centrality” has its religious, metaphysical, psychological and political layers. This paper offers a comprehensive survey of the development of understanding of the meaning of this concept from Tang Junyi (1909–1978) to today’s leading Chinese intellectuals and attempts to update Tang’s model of Self‐replanting of Spiritual Root (lingen zizhi 靈根自植) to the model of Altruistic Extension for Harmony (hexie waitui 和諧外推) by way of mutual strangification.
Mimetic Theory and the Miners’ Strike: Probing the Implications of René Girard’s Theory on Political Religion
Authors: Cojocaru Daniel 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn the first of three parts the reader is introduced to René Girard’s interdisciplinary theory of religion as he developed it throughout his academic career. From his initial formulation of “mimetic desire” in his work on the Europen novel (Deceit, Desire, and the Novel 1961/1965), over his equation of violence with the sacred in his study of comparative anthropology (Violence and the Sacred, 1972/1977) to the claim in Things Hidden Since the Foundation of the World (1978/1987) that the Gospels reveal the “scapegoat mechanism” on which archaic religion is based, the main concepts of Girardian theory will be discussed. The second part is devoted to the implications of Girard’s theory on political religion, as discussed by Emilio Gentile and Roger Griffin. In a final step, the discussion’s insights will be exemplified through a reading of Peace’s novel GB84, portraying the British Miners’ Strike of 1984/1985. True to the Girardian interdisciplinary spirit, it will be argued that a novelistic account of the Miners’ Strike can reveal the hidden history of conflictive mimesis and the quasi‐religious structure of the “two tribes” involved in the Strike.
Uric Acid, Hypertension, and Chronic Kidney Disease Among Alaska Eskimos: The Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaska Natives (GOCADAN) Study
Authors: Jolly Stacey E. , Mete Mihriye , Wang Hong , Zhu Jianhui , Ebbesson Sven O.E. , Voruganti V. Saroja , Comuzzie Anthony G. , Howard Barbara V. , Umans Jason G. 
Published: January 2012

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich).****;**:**–**. ©2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.It is unknown what role uric acid (UA) may play in the increasing rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among Alaska Eskimos. UA is associated with both hypertension (HTN) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The authors analyzed 1078 Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaska Natives (GOCADAN) participants. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated from serum creatinine measures using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation. CKD was defined by an eGFR of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. The authors adjusted for age, sex, education, diabetes, hypertension (or eGFR), obesity, lipids, and smoking status; 7% (n=75) had prevalent CKD. eGFR decreased with increasing tertiles of serum UA (P<.001). UA was independently associated with prevalent CKD (adjusted odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence interval [CI] of 2.04 (1.62–2.56), respectively). Twenty‐one percent (n=230) had prevalent HTN and UA was independently associated with prevalent HTN (adjusted OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1–1.5). UA is independently associated with prevalent CKD and HTN in this population.
Yeast microbiota of raptors: a possible tool for environmental monitoring
Authors: Brilhante Raimunda S. N. , Castelo Branco Débora S. C. M. , Duarte Guilherme P. S. , Paiva Manoel A. N. , Teixeira Carlos E. C. , Zeferino João P. O. , Monteiro André J. , Cordeiro Rossana A. , Sidrim José J. C. , Rocha Marcos F. G. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryTwenty‐two raptors from a rehabilitation centre were evaluated for the presence of yeasts prior to returning them to the wild, and the recoveredCandidaisolates were tested forin vitroantifungal susceptibility and phospholipase production. Samples were collected from the crop/lower esophagus and cloaca.In vitroantifungal susceptibility and phospholipase production of 21Candidastrains were assessed through broth microdilution and growth on egg yolk agar respectively. Twenty‐seven isolates, belonging to seven species, were recovered from 16 tested birds, withC. albicansandC. famataas the most prevalent species. Three out of 21 isolates (2C. albicansand 1C. tropicalis) were simultaneously resistant to fluconazole and itraconazole. As for phospholipase production, 8 (8/21) isolates (6C. albicans, 1C. famataand 1C. parapsilosis) showed enzymatic activity. The most relevant finding in this study was the isolation of resistantCandidaspp. from wild raptors that had never been submitted to antifungal therapy, which suggests exposure to environmental contaminants. Based on this, we propose the assessment ofCandidaspp. from the gastrointestinal tract of raptors as a tool for environmental monitoring.
Barriers to translating diagnostic research in febrilechildren to clinical practice: a systematic review: Table 1
Authors: Oostenbrink Rianne , Thompson Matthew , Steyerberg Ewout W 
Published: January 2012

BackgroundAlthough the topic of identifying febrile children at risk of serious infections has been addressed by numerous research groups, identified predictors remain diverse and implementation of results in routine practice has been limited. The aim of this paper is to discuss the problems and challenges in advancing diagnostic research in febrile children.MethodsThe characteristics and results of 35 studies identified from a systematic review on predictors for febrile children were evaluated.ResultsCurrent diagnostic research is mainly performed in subpopulations, defined by age and temperature limits and in paediatric emergency settings, ignoring the role of primary care. It is characterised by a dichotomous approach of outcomes and a wide variability of potential predictors. Validation of results to other settings and impact studies of prediction rules on patient outcomes are scarce. In designing diagnostic studies on children suspected of serious infections focus is needed on all clinically relevant populations within the spectrum of primary care and emergency department settings. Consensus is also needed on the definition of fever, the concept of serious infection and the set of predictors to focus on. The heterogeneity of patients in different settings and countries stress the need for continuous updating of prediction rules in routine practice. Broad validation in different clinical settings and countries and impact analysis in routine care is essential.ConclusionsScientists in the field of diagnosis of serious infection in children must agree on core design features to be incorporated in all studies in the area of diagnostic research in febrile children. This will improve evidence from future studies, and their generalisability and implementation in routine practice.
Short-term clinicopathological outcome of neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy comprising complete androgen blockade, followed by treatment with docetaxel and estramustine phosphate before radical prostatectomy in Japanese patients with high-risk localized prostate cancer
Authors: Narita Shintaro , Tsuchiya Norihiko , Kumazawa Teruaki , Maita Shinya , Numakura Kazuyuki , Obara Takashi , Tsuruta Hiroshi , Saito Mitsuru , Inoue Takamitsu , Horikawa Yohei , Satoh Shigeru , Nanjyo Hiroshi , Habuchi Tomonori 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Background
To assess the outcome of neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy comprising complete androgen blockade followed by treatment with docetaxel and estramustine phosphate before radical prostatectomy in Japanese patients with a high risk of localized prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods
Complete androgen blockade followed by 6 cycles of docetaxel (30 mg/m2) with estramustine phosphate (560 mg) were given to 18 PCa patients before radical prostatectomy. Subsequently, the clinical and pathological outcomes were analyzed.

Results
No patients had severe adverse events during chemohormonal therapy, and hence they were treated with radical prostatectomy. Two patients (11.1%) achieved pathological complete response. Surgical margins were negative in all patients. At a median follow-up of 18 months, 14 patients (77.8%) were disease-free without PSA recurrence. All 4 patients with PSA recurrence had pathologic T3b or T4 disease and 3 of these 4 patients had pathologic N1 disease.

Conclusion
We found that neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy with complete androgen blockade followed by treatment with docetaxel and estramustine phosphate before radical prostatectomy was safe, feasible, and associated with favorable pathological outcomes in patients with a high risk of localized PCa.
Long-time asymptotics of the long-range Emch-Radin model
Authors: Kastner Michael 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe long-time asymptotic behaviour is studied for a long-range variant of the Emch-Radin model of interacting spins. We derive upper and lower bounds on the expectation values of a class of observables. We prove analytically that the time scale at which the system relaxes to equilibrium diverges with the system size N, displaying quasistationary nonequilibrium behaviour. This finding implies that, for large enough N, equilibration will not be observed in an experiment of finite duration.
Direct dimethyl ether synthesis by spatial patterned catalyst arrangement: A modeling and simulation study
Authors: McBride Kevin , Turek Thomas , Güttel Robert 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe effect of spatially patterned catalyst beds was investigated using direct dimethyl ether (DME) synthesis from synthesis gas as an example. A layered arrangement of methanol synthesis (MS) and dehydration catalyst was chosen and studied by numerical simulation under typical operating conditions for single‐step DME synthesis. It was revealed that catalyst layers significantly influence the DME productivity. With an increasing number of layers from two to 40, an increase in DME productivity was observed approaching the performance of a physical catalyst mixture for an infinite number of layers. The results prove that a physical mixture of MS and dehydration catalyst achieves the highest DME productivity under operating conditions chosen in this study. Essentially, the layered catalyst arrangement is comparable to a cascade model of the two‐step process, which is less efficient in terms of DME yield than the single‐step process. However, the layered catalyst arrangement could be beneficial for other reaction systems. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 00: 000–000, 2012
Phase equilibria (LLE and VLE) of refining operations for enzymatic biodiesel production via quantum mechanical COSMO‐RS method
Authors: Güzel Gündüz , Xu Xuebing 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPhase equilibria, both liquid–liquid equilibria (LLE) and vapor‐liquid equilibria (VLE), are equally important in the refining operations of biodiesel production. Equilibrium distributions of components at the down‐processing of enzymatic ethanolysis reaction were investigated through quantum mechanical COnductor‐like Screening MOdel‐Real Solvent method with implemented vapor pressure equations. Due to the composite nature of fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) components as the biodiesel fuel, multicomponent predictive phase equilibria approach was applied for a model reaction system of refined soybean oil with 30% molar excess amount of ethanol. Simulation results for the LLE at 303 K were in significant agreement with reported experimental data. Minimum boiling azeotropes were found for FAEE‐glycerol binaries at isothermal (at 423 and 473K) and isobaric (at reduced pressures) VLE simulations. Similar results were also found at the VLE of glycerol purification operations for multicomponent real case simulations. The feasibilities of simple and rigorous unit operations were also pointed up in this study. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Synthesis and characterizations of iso‐luminol‐functionalized, tadpole‐shaped, gold nanomaterials
Authors: Li Fang , Tian Dayong , Cui Hua 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTIso‐luminol functionalized gold nanomaterials were synthesized in high yield by a simple seeding approach, using the chemiluminescent reagent iso‐luminol as reductant in the presence of HAuCl4, AgNO3 and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The morphology of as‐prepared gold nanoparticles was characterized by transmission electron microscopy and UV–vis spectroscopy, showing that gold nanotadpoles (AuNTps) were obtained. Subsequent experiments revealed that the amounts of seed colloids and AgNO3 and the concentrations of iso‐luminol and CTAB in the growth solution play critical roles in the formation of well‐shaped AuNTps. The surface state of AuNTps was characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy, indicating that iso‐luminol and its oxidation product, 4‐aminophthalate, coexisted on the surface of AuNTps. The CL behaviour was studied by static injection CL experiments, demonstrating that AuNTps were of CL activity. Finally, the growth mechanism of AuNTps was also discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solvent effects of N‐nitroso, N‐(2‐chloroethyl), N′,N′‐dibenzylsulfamid and its copper(II) and cobalt(II) complexes: fluorescence studies
Authors: Bensouilah Nadjia , Fisli Hassina , Dhaoui Nabila , Benali‐Cherif Nourredine , Abdaoui Mohamed 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTThe structure of N‐nitroso, N‐(2‐chloroethyl), N′,N′‐dibenzylsulfamid (CENS) was established by X‐ray crystallography. The atomic coordinates, factors of isotropic thermal agitation, bond lengths and valence angles were determined. The solvent effects on the electronic absorption and fluorescence spectra of CENS were investigated at room temperature. The effects of solvent polarity and of hydrogen bonding were interpreted by means of linear solvation energy relationships (LSERs). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the hydrogen donation properties of the solvent play an important role in determining the position of the absorption maximum, while the classical polarity of the medium is the only dominating parameter in determining the emission maximum and the Stokes' shift. Complexation of the investigated compound by two different transition metal ions was studied. Fluorescence measurements show that fluorescence quenching by cobalt(II) is more important than that by copper(II). This phenomenon can be attributed to good stereo‐structural matching between the electronic configuration of the Co2+ ion and the active site distribution of CENS in aqueous solution. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of heart tissue viability under redox‐magnetohydrodynamics conditions: Toward fine‐tuning flow in biological microfluidics applications
Authors: Cheah Lih Tyng , Fritsch Ingrid , Haswell Stephen J. , Greenman John 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA microfluidic system containing a chamber for heart tissue biopsies, perfused with Krebs–Henseleit buffer containing glucose and antibiotic (KHGB) using peristaltic pumps and continuously stimulated, was used to evaluate tissue viability under redox‐magnetohydrodynamics (redox‐MHD) conditions. Redox‐MHD possesses unique capabilities to control fluid flow using ionic current from oxidation and reduction processes at electrodes in a magnetic field, making it attractive to fine‐tune fluid flow around tissues for “tissue‐on‐a‐chip” applications. The manuscript describes a parallel setup to study two tissue samples simultaneously, and 6‐min static incubation with Triton X100. Tissue viability was subsequently determined by assaying perfusate for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, where LDH serves as an injury marker. Incubation with KHGB containing 5 mM hexaammineruthenium(III) (ruhex) redox species with and without a pair of NdFeB magnets (∼0.39 T, placed parallel to the chamber) exhibited no additional tissue insult. MHD fluid flow, viewed by tracking microbeads with microscopy, occurred only when the magnet was present and stimulating electrodes were activated. Pulsating MHD flow with a frequency similar to the stimulating waveform was superimposed over thermal convection (from a hotplate) for Triton‐KHGB, but fluid speed was up to twice as fast for ruhex‐Triton‐KHGB. A large transient ionic current, achieved when switching on the stimulating electrodes, generates MHD perturbations visible over varying peristaltic flow. The well‐controlled flow methodology of redox‐MHD is applicable to any tissue type, being useful in various drug uptake and toxicity studies, and can be combined equally with on‐ or off‐device analysis modalities. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1827–1834. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.