bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salivary gland function evaluated by diffusion‐weighted MR imaging with gustatory stimulation: Preliminary results
Authors: Kato Hiroki , Kanematsu Masayuki , Toida Makoto , Kawaguchi Tomoko , Shibata Toshiyuki , Kajita Kimihiro , Hoshi Hiroaki 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate the usefulness of diffusion‐weighted MR imaging using a transient gustatory stimulation method in patients with xerostomia.Materials and Methods:Ten consecutive patients complaining of xerostomia and 10 healthy volunteers were examined with a 1.5 Tesla (T) MR unit. All study subjects completed a questionnaire, and patients underwent salivary gland scintigraphy and Saxon test. T1‐, T2‐, and diffusion‐weighted MR images were obtained before stimulation. One minute after gustatory stimulation with lemon juice, diffusion‐weighted sequence was repeated 9 times. A radiologist evaluated signal intensities and apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) in parotid and submandibular glands. ADC increase rate (IR) and times to maximum ADC (Tmax) were assessed.Results:IRs showed a moderate positive correlation with washout rates by scintigraphy for parotid (r = 0.554, P < 0.05) and submandibular (r = 0.617, P < 0.01) glands. Furthermore, Tmax values of parotid and submandibular glands were significantly higher in patients (420 ± 226 and 357 ± 232 s, respectively) than in volunteers (181 ± 68 and 200 ± 75 s, respectively) (P < 0.01).Conclusion:Our preliminary results indicate that diffusion‐weighted MR imaging using a transient gustatory stimulation method is potentially useful for evaluating patients with xerostomia. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diffusion‐weighted imaging of the healthy pancreas: Apparent diffusion coefficient values of the normal head, body, and tail calculated from different sets of b‐values
Authors: Schoennagel Bjoern P. , Habermann Christian R. , Roesch Magdalena , Hahne Jasmin D. , Arndt Christiane , Kleibeler Laura , Petersen Kay U. , Graessner Joachim , Adam Gerhard , Herrmann Jochen 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate differences in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values between head, body, and tail regions and the impact of sets of b‐values used in diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) of the normal pancreas.Materials and Methods:In 51 healthy volunteers echo‐planar DWI of the pancreas was prospectively performed with b‐values of 50, 400, and 800 s/mm2. All four possible combinations of b‐values were used to calculate ADC values in a total of 587 regions in the pancreas head, body, and tail regions. Dependency of ADC values on the anatomical regions and on the applied sets of b‐values was calculated using multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results:Mean ADC values differed significantly between the anatomical regions with the lowest values measured in the pancreatic tail (head 1.13 ± 0.20, body 1.05 ± 0.20, and tail 0.94 ± 0.18 × 10−3 mm2/s; P < 0.05). ANOVA showed no dependency of ADC values on the sets of b‐values used.Conclusion:ADC values differed significantly between the pancreatic head, body, and tail region, with decreasing ADC values toward the tail. Cautious interpretation of DWI results with adjusted, normalized values adapted to the anatomical region seems advisable. The knowledge of such differences may enhance the method's capability to differentiate between different pancreatic pathologies. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On‐tissue chemical derivatization of 3‐methoxysalicylamine for MALDI‐imaging mass spectrometry
Authors: Chacon Almary , Zagol‐Ikapitte Irene , Amarnath Venkataraman , Reyzer Michelle L. , Oates John A. , Caprioli Richard M. , Boutaud Olivier 
Published: August 2011

AbstractMALDI‐imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) has been shown to be a powerful tool to study drug distributions in organ tissue as well as whole animal bodies. Nevertheless, not all drugs are amenable to MALDI while others may be limited by poor sensitivity poor sensitivity. The use of chemical derivatization to improve detection of small molecules by mass spectrometry techniques is well documented. To our knowledge, however, this approach has not been applied to direct tissue analysis of small organic molecules. In this manuscript, we demonstrate the use of on‐tissue chemical derivatization of a small organic molecule, 3‐methoxysalicylamine (3‐MoSA) a scavenger of γ‐ketoaldehydes. Derivatization of 3‐MoSA with 1,1′‐thiocarbonyldiimidazole (TCDI) results in an oxothiazolidine derivative which is detected with much greater sensitivity by MALDI than 3‐MoSA itself. TCDI treatment of tissue from mice dosed with 3‐MoSA allowed images to be obtained showing its spatial distribution as well as its pharmacokinetic profile in different organs. These images correlated well with results obtained from HPLC‐MS/MS analyses of the same tissues. These results provide proof‐of‐concept that on‐tissue chemical derivatization can be used to improve detection of a small organic molecule by MALDI‐IMS. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical features and molecular epidemiology of rotavirus and norovirus infections in Libyan children
Authors: Abugalia Mohamed , Cuevas Luis , Kirby Andrew , Dove Winifred , Nakagomi Osamu , Nakagomi Toyoko , Kara Majdi , Gweder Rabia , Smeo Mohamed , Cunliffe Nigel 
Published: August 2011

AbstractRotaviruses and noroviruses are leading viral causes of diarrhoea in children. A cross‐sectional study was undertaken among children aged <5 years with acute gastroenteritis at Al‐Jala Children's Hospital, Tripoli, Libya, from October 2007 to September 2008. Of 1,090 fecal samples collected, 260 from inpatients and 830 from outpatients, all inpatients and approximately a third of outpatients, selected systematically, were investigated for rotavirus and norovirus infection by ELISA and real‐time RT‐PCR, respectively. Of 520 fecal samples examined (inpatients = 260, outpatients = 260), 164 (31.5%) had rotavirus and 91 (17.5%) had norovirus detected. Rotavirus was identified more often among inpatients than outpatients (35.8% vs. 27.3% respectively, P = 0.038). Norovirus was detected more commonly among outpatients than inpatients (21.2% vs. 13.8% respectively, P = 0.028). The peak incidence of infection with both viruses was among children aged between 6 and 11 months. The number of rotavirus cases was highest between November and June with a peak detection rate of 50% in January. Norovirus occurred most commonly from May through August with a peak detection rate of 47% in August. The most prevalent rotavirus genotypes were P[8], G9 (n = 116, 65.9%), followed by P[8],G1 (n = 49, 27.8%); a single P[9], G3 strain was detected. There were seven distinct electropherotypes among the G9 strains and all belonged to VP7 Lineage III. Among 91 noroviruses identified, 90 were genogroup II. Of 26 genogroup II noroviruses examined, all were genotype GII.4. Rotaviruses and noroviruses are both important causes of gastrointestinal infection among young children in Libya. J. Med. Virol. 83:1849–1856, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fatal type 7 adenovirus associated with human bocavirus infection in a healthy child
Authors: Heydari Hosein , Mamishi Setare , Khotaei Ghamar‐Taj , Moradi Sara 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAdenovirus is a common cause of acute upper respiratory tract infection and rarely causes respiratory failure or septic shock in immunocompetent patients. Severe disease is confined to immunocompromised patients. Human bocavirus (HBoV) is known as the fourth most common virus in respiratory samples from healthy subjects. In patients with respiratory complaints, it can be found alone or, more often, in combination with other viruses known to cause respiratory complaints. A well‐documented fatal case of HBoV and adenovirus pneumonia with myocarditis in an immunocompetent child is described. J. Med. Virol. 83:1762–1763, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Respiratory viruses involved in influenza‐like illness in a Greek pediatric population during the winter period of the years 2005–2008
Authors: Pogka Vasiliki , Kossivakis Athanasios , Kalliaropoulos Antonios , Moutousi Afroditi , Sgouras Dionyssios , Panagiotopoulos Takis , Chrousos George P. , Theodoridou Maria , Syriopoulou Vassiliki P. , Mentis Andreas F. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractViruses are the major cause of pediatric respiratory tract infection and yet many suspected cases of illness remain uncharacterized. This study aimed to determine the distribution of several respiratory viruses in children diagnosed as having influenza‐like illness, over the winter period of 2005–2008. Molecular assays including conventional and real time PCR protocols, were employed to screen respiratory specimens, collected by clinicians of the Influenza sentinel system and of outpatient pediatric clinics, for identification of several respiratory viruses. Of 1,272 specimens tested, 814 (64%) were positive for at least one virus and included 387 influenza viruses, 160 rhinoviruses, 155 respiratory syncytial viruses, 95 adenoviruses, 81 bocaviruses, 47 parainfluenza viruses, 44 metapneumoviruses, and 30 coronaviruses. Simultaneous presence of two or three viruses was observed in 173 of the above positive cases, 21% of which included influenza virus and rhinovirus. The majority of positive cases occurred during January and February. Influenza virus predominated in children older than 1 year old, with type B being the dominant type for the first season and subtypes A/H3N2 and A/H1N1 the following two winter seasons, respectively. Respiratory syncytial virus prevailed in children younger than 2 years old, with subtypes A and B alternating from year to year. This is the most comprehensive study of the epidemiology of respiratory viruses in Greece, indicating influenza, rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus as major contributors to influenza‐like illness in children. J. Med. Virol. 83:1841–1848, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of human papillomavirus genotypes and associated cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions in HIV‐infected women in Botswana
Authors: MacLeod Iain J. , O'Donnell Belinda , Moyo Sikhulile , Lockman Shahin , Shapiro Roger L. , Kayembe Mukendi , van Widenfelt Erik , Makhema Joseph , Essex M. , Wester Carolyn 
Published: August 2011

AbstractHuman papillomaviruses (HPV) constitute one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections and are the etiological agents for invasive cervical cancer, the predominant cancer among women in Botswana. However, the prevalence of HPV genotypes in Botswana has yet to be reported.One hundred thirty‐nine endocervical swabs were taken at baseline from HIV‐1 infected, HSV‐2 seropositive women enrolled in a longitudinal cohort study designed to assess the influence of herpes simplex virus‐2 (HSV‐2) infection on genital tract shedding of HIV‐1. Extracted DNA was evaluated for the presence of low‐risk and high‐risk HPV using the Roche Linear Array.Genotyping identified HPV in 95 of 139 women of which 61/95 were infected with high‐risk HPV and 56/95 with low‐risk HPV. The median number of genotypes was 2 (IQR: 1–4). The most prevalent HPV genotype in HIV‐infected women was HPV 58. Abnormal cervical cytology was detected in 87/127 women and was associated with contemporaneous HPV infection (RR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.05–1.93; P = 0.02).HPV prevalence was high among HIV‐infected women with infection by multiple genotypes being widespread. The associations attributed to specific oncogenic HPV subtypes and cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions presented here provide critical information to inform future vaccine policy within Botswana. J. Med. Virol. 83:1689–1695, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Confirmation of an association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the VDR gene with respiratory syncytial virus related disease in South African Children
Authors: Kresfelder T.L. , Janssen R. , Bont L. , Venter M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants. Disease severity has been linked to host immune responses and polymorphisms in genes associated with innate immunity. A large‐scale genetics study of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in children in the Netherlands identified SNPs in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and JUN genes which have a strong association with an increased risk of developing bronchiolitis following the first respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. The Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene has two SNPs which have been associated previously with RSV disease severity in various populations. The aim of this study was to determine if these SNPs may be associated with RSV disease in African children in South Africa. RSV patient (n = 296) and control (n = 113) groups were established (median ages: 3 and 3.5 months) and DNA extracted from the collected specimens. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction using hydrolysis probes was used to screen for SNPs in the VDR (Thr1Meth; rs10735810), TLR4 (Asp299Gly; rs4986790 and Thr399Ile; rs4986791) and JUN (c.750G/A; rs11688) genes. Carriers of the VDR (Thr1Meth) SNP minor T allele were more prone to RSV disease than individuals in the control group. The TLR4 (Asp299Gly), TLR4 (Thr399Ile), and JUN (c.750G/A) SNPs showed no significant association with RSV disease. It is concluded that children carrying the minor T allele of the VDR (Thr1Meth) SNP may be predisposed to RSV disease, as this SNP was identified as a risk factor for severe RSV disease in South African children, confirming the findings in the Netherlands. J. Med. Virol. 83:1834–1840, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute West Nile virus neuroinvasive infections: Cross‐reactivity with dengue virus and tick‐borne encephalitis virus
Authors: Papa Anna , Karabaxoglou Dimitra , Kansouzidou Athina 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCross‐reactions in serology are common among flaviviruses. During the outbreak of West Nile virus (WNV) infections in Greece in 2010, WNV IgM‐positive serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples were tested for the presence of IgM and IgG antibodies against Dengue virus (DENV) and tick‐borne encephalitis virus. Higher cross‐reactivity was observed in IgM antibodies between WNV and DENV; however, the index of the WNV antibodies was in all cases higher than that of the DENV antibodies. There is a need for caution when evaluating serologic results of flaviviral infections, while efforts have to be focused on the development of diagnostic assays with increased specificity. J. Med. Virol. 83:1861–1865, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High prevalence of BK Polyomavirus Sequences in Human Papillomavirus‐16‐Positive Precancerous Cervical Lesions
Authors: Comar Manola , Bonifacio Daniela , Zanconati Fabrizio , Di Napoli Michela , Isidoro Erica , Martini Fernanda , Torelli Lucio , Tognon Mauro 
Published: August 2011

AbstractHigh‐ and low‐grade cervical lesions were analyzed for the presence of polyomavirus (PYV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) sequences. In precancerous cervical lesions, the overall prevalence of PYV sequences was 44% (41/93). Specifically, among the PYV‐positive samples, 83% (34/41) tested positive for BK polyomavirus (BKV) sequences, whereas 17% (7/41) were positive for JC‐virus. None of the samples were positive for simian virus 40. The presence of BKV DNA in high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions was confirmed by in situ PCR. BKV sequences were detected more frequently in high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, together with the genotype HPV‐16. The association of BKV with precancerous cervical lesions suggests that this polyomavirus participates with HPV‐16 in the cell transformation process. Alternatively, BKV might multiply better in HPV‐16‐positive cells from precancerous cervical lesions than in HPV‐16‐negative cells. J. Med. Virol. 83:1770–1776, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genotype‐specific effects on left ventricular function in parvovirus B19‐positive patients with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ruppert Volker , Meyer Thomas , Balbach Anna , Richter Anette , Müller Hans‐Helge , Maisch Bernhard , Pankuweit Sabine ,   on behalf of the German Heart Failure Network
Published: August 2011

AbstractGenotype‐specific effects of parvovirus B19 (B19V) infections on left ventricular function in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) have not been investigated so far. In this prospective clinical study, the prevalences of B19V genotypes in endomyocardial biopsies from patients presenting with inflammatory heart disease and DCM were determined. A total of 139 consecutive patients were included in the study; among them 53 patients were diagnosed as DCM. Among the total study cohort, B19V DNA was detected in 65 study participants (46.8%). Genotyping of the B19V genomes in the total cohort identified genotype 1 in 38 samples (27.3%), genotype 2 in 25 samples (18.0%), and genotype 3 in only two patients (1.4%). During an average follow‐up period of 8 months left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) improved significantly both in B19V‐positive (7.1 ± 13.8%, n = 17, P = 0.038) as well as B19V‐negative patients with DCM (9.5 ± 13.9%, n = 20, P = 0.017). However, mean LVEF improved only in patients with genotype 1 (11.0 ± 14.4%, n = 7), whereas it even decreased in patients with genotype 2 (−6.2 ± 6.3%, n = 5, P = 0.033). These data from a small sample of patients diagnosed as DCM suggested that myocardial function during short‐time follow‐up differed between genetic variants of B19V. Patients with genotype 1 were on average younger than genotype 2 and appeared to be more prone to a beneficial course of left ventricular function than patients with genotype 2. Future studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow‐up periods will be required to confirm this observation. J. Med. Virol. 83:1818–1825, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Co‐circulation HIV‐1 subtypes B, C, and CRF31_BC in a drug‐naïve population from Southernmost Brazil: Analysis of primary resistance mutations
Authors: de Medeiros Rúbia Marília , Junqueira Dennis Maletich , Matte Maria Cristina Cotta , Barcellos Nêmora Tregnago , Chies José Artur Bogo , Matos Almeida Sabrina Esteves 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn Southernmost Brazil HIV‐1 subtypes B, C, and CRF31_BC co‐circulates and, since 1996 with the implementation of free access to highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART), this epidemic is under a quite characteristic selective pressure. The profile of mutations and polymorphisms in the protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) genes of HIV‐1 from untreated patients living in Porto Alegre, Southernmost Brazil were evaluated in order to identify the subtypes and circulating drug resistant genotypes. Blood samples from 99 HIV‐1 positive drugs‐naïve patients were collected from 2006 to 2007 in Porto Alegre, Brazil. HIV PR and RT genes were amplified, sequenced, and subtyped. The HIV‐1 genotyping was performed by partial sequence analysis of the pol in the HIV Drug Resistance Database of Stanford University. Phylogenetic analyses allowed to classify the HIV samples according to their subtypes: B (26.2%), C (39.4%), F (1.1%), CRF31_CB (19.2%), and URF (14.1%). Eight (8.1%) samples showed primary resistance mutations according to the Calibrated Population Resistance tool based in the 2009 Surveillance Drug Resistance Mutation list. Two samples presented resistance mutations to PI, three NRTI and three NNRTI. There was no significant association between presence of resistant genotypes and subtypes, but resistance mutations seem to be less frequent in the subtype C. In addition, this study describes for the first time the mutational profile of CRF31_BC to PI, NRTI, and NNRTI. Genetic analyses of HIV‐1 from naïve patients are a promising and important method for surveillance of HIV infection. J. Med. Virol. 83:1682–1688, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human metapneumovirus in patients with respiratory tract infection in Kuwait
Authors: Al‐Turab Mariam , Chehadeh Wassim , Al‐Mulla Fahd , Al‐Nakib Widad 
Published: August 2011

AbstractHuman metapneumovirus (hMPV) has been recognized as an important cause of respiratory tract infections in all age groups and in all geographical area. The role of hMPV in causing respiratory tract infections in Kuwait was not yet investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hMPV infection in Kuwait among patients with respiratory tract infection with respect to other respiratory viruses. During January–December 2009, 460 respiratory samples from 388 patients with respiratory tract infection were collected from different hospitals. They were tested for hMPV RNA by real‐time PCR, and for other respiratory viruses by conventional PCR. Out of 388 patients, 110 (28%) were positive for viral respiratory infections; 21 (5.4%) were positive for hMPV, 29 (7.5%) were positive for rhinovirus, 13 (4%) were positive for respiratory syncytial virus, and 10 (3%) were positive for adenovirus. Most (n = 19, 90.5%) of hMPV‐positive patients were admitted to the intensive care unit, 76% of them were of age 2 years and below, and 24% of age 59 years and above. All hMPV‐positive elderly patients had pneumonia while 50% of hMPV‐positive infants had bronchopneumonia. Children with hMPV/rhinovirus co‐infection (n = 3, 1%) had recurrent chest infection and frequent intensive care unit admission. The hMPV infection was mostly detected between December and May, and genotype B was more prevalent than genotype A. This is the first study demonstrating the prevalence of hMPV infection in Kuwait, and suggests that hMPV infection is prevalent in infants and elderly patients with lower respiratory tract infection. J. Med. Virol. 83:1811–1817, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment with valacyclovir, famciclovir, or antiretrovirals reduces human herpesvirus‐8 replication in HIV‐1 seropositive men
Authors: Cattamanchi Ashok , Saracino Misty , Selke Stacy , Huang Meei‐Li , Magaret Amalia , Celum Connie , Corey Lawrence , Wald Anna , Casper Corey 
Published: August 2011

AbstractHuman herpesvirus‐8 (HHV‐8) replication is a key factor in Kaposi sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and Castleman disease pathogenesis. In vitro data suggest that antivirals inhibit HHV‐8 replication, but little data exist in humans. Daily oropharyngeal swabs were analyzed from HIV/HHV‐8 dually infected men enrolled in three previous clinical trials of valacyclovir and famciclovir for HIV‐1 and/or HSV‐2 suppression. Fifty‐eight participants contributed 6,036 swabs. HHV‐8 was detected in 1,128 (19%) of 6,036 swabs, including 618 (21%) of 2,992 on placebo, 323 (15%) of 2,221 on valacyclovir, and 187 (23%) of 823 on famciclovir. After adjusting for baseline HIV viral load and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) use, an 18% reduction in HHV‐8 shedding frequency (IRR 0.822; P = 0.011) was found in participants on valacyclovir and a 30% reduction (IRR 0.700; P < 0.001) on famciclovir. HAART was associated with an 89% (IRR 0.129; P = 0.048) reduction in HHV‐8‐shedding. Neither antiviral nor antiretroviral therapy was associated with decreased HHV‐8 quantity. Valacyclovir and famciclovir were associated with modest but significant reductions in HHV‐8 oropharyngeal shedding frequency. In contrast, HAART was a potent inhibitor of HHV‐8 replication. Studies of whether antiviral therapy in combination with ART will prevent HHV‐8‐associated disease appear warranted. J. Med. Virol. 83:1696–1703, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.