bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression, anxiety and body image after treatment for invasive stage one epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: BISSELING Karin C. H. M. , KONDALSAMY‐CHENNAKESAVAN Srinivas , BEKKERS Ruud L. M. , JANDA Monika , OBERMAIR Andreas 
Published: December 2009

Background:  Diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) in young women has major implications including those to their reproductive potential. We evaluated depression, anxiety and body image in patients with stage I EOC treated with fertility sparing surgery (FSS) or radical surgery (RS). We also investigated fertility outcomes after FSS.Methods:  A retrospective study was undertaken in which 62 patients completed questionnaires related to anxiety, depression, body image and fertility outcomes. Additional information on adjuvant therapy after FSS and RS and demographic details were abstracted from medical records. Both bi‐ and multivariate regression models were used to assess the relationship between demographic, clinical and pathological results and scores for anxiety, depression and body image.Results:  Thirty‐nine patients underwent RS and the rest, FSS. The percentage of patients reporting elevated anxiety and depression (subscores ≥ 11) were 27% and 5% respectively. The median (interquartile range) score for Body Image Scale (BIS) was 6 (3–15). None of the demographic or clinical factors examined showed significant association with anxiety and BIS with the exception of ‘time since diagnosis’. For depression, post‐menopausal status was the only independent predictor. Among those 23 patients treated by FSS, 14 patients tried to conceive (seven successful), resulting in seven live births, one termination of pregnancy and one miscarriage.Conclusion:  This study shows that psychological issues are common in women treated for stage I EOC. Reproduction after FSS is feasible and led to the birth of healthy babies in about half of patients who wished to have another child. Further prospective studies with standardised instruments are required.
Diameter Assessment of the Third Ventricle with Transcranial Sonography in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Schminke Ulf , Lorenz Leif , Kirsch Michael , Von Sarnowski Bettina , Khaw Alexander V. , Kessler Christof , Dressel Alexander 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEDiameter measurement of the third ventricle with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and recently also with transcranial sonography (TCS) has emerged as a surrogate marker for brain atrophy and disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aims to evaluate TCS measurements of the third ventricle diameter in a clinical routine setting against MRI.METHODSTransverse diameters of the third ventricle were determined in 27 MS patients using both, TCS and MRI. In TCS, the distance between the leading edges of the brain‐ventricle interfaces was assessed in axial image planes. In MRI, the transverse diameter of the mid‐portion of the third ventricle was measured on axial T1‐weighted images.RESULTSThe mean diameter of the third ventricle was 4.0 mm (SD 1.7 mm), when measured with MRI, and 4.4 mm (SD 1.7 mm), when measured with TCS. The 95% limits of agreement of the Bland‐Altman Plot were 2.93 mm (95% CI 2.08 to 3.78 mm) and −2.23 mm (95%CI −3.08 to −1.38 mm). Pearson correlation coefficient was .71 (P < .0001).CONCLUSIONSTCS may appear suitable as screening examination for the extent of brain atrophy at a single‐point study, but at least in the early stages of the disease, TCS is not useful to monitor disease progression.J Neuroimaging 2010;20:53‐57.
Environmental monitoring of Vibrio cholerae using chironomids in India
Authors: Raz Nili , Danin‐Poleg Yael , Broza Yoav Y. , Arakawa Eiji , Ramakrishna Balakrishnan S. , Broza Meir , Kashi Yechezkel 
Published: December 2009

SummaryEnvironmental Vibrio cholerae strains belonging to the non‐O1/non‐O139 serogroups are natural inhabitants of freshwater including estuarine environments. Recent findings indicated that chironomids (Diptera: Chironomidae), the most widely distributed insects in freshwater, serve as a natural reservoir of these bacteria. Here we study the role of chironomids, particularly exuviae as carriers and as a monitoring tool for the distribution of V. cholerae in the environment. During a survey conducted in India (June 2006), 326 V. cholerae non‐O1/non‐O139 isolates were isolated from chironomid egg masses, larvae and exuviae. In addition, a heat‐stable enterotoxin (nag‐st) positive strain was isolated from exuviae during the local cholera outbreak. We identified 62 different strains in a subset of 102 isolates by analysis of variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR), demonstrating a high variation of V. cholerae on hosting chironomids. Our results show that chironomids can both maintain and distribute this overwhelming diversity of environmental V. cholerae strains, including toxigenic ones. Exuviae proved to be an efficient tool for the monitoring of environmental V. cholerae, offering simple, direct and practical access for on‐shore collection. Finally, finding toxigenic V. cholerae on chironomids in endemic areas, together with molecular typing, may potentially improve monitoring of cholera in the future.
U74389F, a 21-aminosteroid antioxidant, improves neoendothelial morphology, but not neointimal thickening after balloon catheter injuryThis article is one of a selection of papers published in a special issue on Advances in Cardiovascular Research.
Authors: Murthy Subramanyam N. , Akers, Donald L. , Chen I-Li , Osgood, Thomas A. , Santiago Raphael , Fonseca Vivian A. , Kadowitz Philip J. , McNamara Dennis B. 
Published: December 2009

U74389F is a compound in a family of 21-aminosteroids devoid of classical glucocorticoid action that inhibit lipid peroxidation. These compounds improve neurologic function and tissue survival after head or spinal cord injury. Dexamethasone inhibits development of intimal hyperplasia (IH) and improves attenuated nitric oxide (NO) production of the rabbit aorta subsequent to balloon catheter injury. We tested the hypothesis that U74389F is protective in a catheter-induced endothelial-denuded and arterial injury model. A 4-Fr Fogarty balloon (BALL) embolectomy catheter was passed through the thoracic aorta of New Zealand White rabbits treated with 15 mg/kg U74389F (LAZ) 2 days before and 1 week after injury. Animals were killed at 4 weeks after surgical intervention, and formation of IH was determined by calculating the intimal/medial ratio (I/M). The treatment groups of animals were injured untreated (BALL), injured treated (BALL/LAZ), uninjured treated (CONTROL/LAZ), and sham-operated treated (SHAM/LAZ). Scanning electron microscopy revealed that after injury lazaroid treatment produced an improvement of the neoendothelium (alignment in the direction of blood and fewer intercellular gaps) as compared with injured but untreated aortas. Relaxation to acetylcholine (NO formation) was impaired in aortic rings from catheterized animals; lazaroid treatment improved the relaxation to 10–6 mol/L acetylcholine but not to lower concentrations. I/M for SHAM/LAZ, BALL, and BALL/LAZ was 0.02 ± 0.02, 21.6 ± 1.6, and 17.2 ± 2.5, respectively; BALL vs. BALL/LAZ, p < 0.06. An increased contractile response to 120 mmol/L KCl was observed after lazaroid treatment. This is the first report of lazaroid-mediated improvement in the neoendothelial morphology, improved neoendothelial NO generation, and augmented hypopolarizing contractile response, but no attenuation in the development of IH.
ADHD candidate gene (DRD4 exon III) affects inhibitory control in a healthy sample
Authors: Krämer Ulrike M , Rojo Nuria , Schüle Rebecca , Cunillera Toni , Schöls Ludger , Marco-Pallarés Josep , Cucurell David , Camara Estela , Rodriguez-Fornells Antoni , Münte Thomas F 
Published: December 2009

Background
Dopamine is believed to be a key neurotransmitter in the development of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Several recent studies point to an association of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene and this condition. More specifically, the 7 repeat variant of a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism in exon III of this gene is suggested to bear a higher risk for ADHD. In the present study, we investigated the role of this polymorphism in the modulation of neurophysiological correlates of response inhibition (Go/Nogo task) in a healthy, high-functioning sample.

Results

Homozygous 7 repeat carriers showed a tendency for more accurate behavior in the Go/Nogo task compared to homozygous 4 repeat carriers. Moreover, 7 repeat carriers presented an increased nogo-related theta band response together with a reduced go-related beta decrease.

Conclusions

These data point to improved cognitive functions and prefrontal control in the 7 repeat carriers, probably due to the D4 receptor's modulatory role in prefrontal areas. The results are discussed with respect to previous behavioral data on this polymorphism and animal studies on the impact of the D4 receptor on cognitive functions.
CXCR4 expression heterogeneity in neuroblastoma cells due to ligand-independent regulation
Authors: Carlisle Alex J , Lyttle Christopher A , Carlisle Rosalind Y , Maris John M 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackgroundCXCR4, the receptor for the chemokine stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), has been shown to mediate many of the processes essential for cancer progression such as tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis. To understand the role of CXCR4 in the biology of neuroblastoma, a disease that presents with wide spread metastases in over 50% of patients, we screened ten patient derived-neuroblastoma cell-lines for basal CXCR4 expression and sought to identify characteristics that correlate with tumor cell phenotype.ResultsAll cell lines expressedCXCR4mRNA at variable levels, that correlated well with three distinct classes of CXCR4 surface expression (low, moderate, or high) as defined by flow cytometry. Analysis of the kinetics of CXCR4 surface expression on moderate and high expressing cell lines showed a time-dependent down-regulation of the receptor that directly correlated with cell confluency, and was independent of SDF1. Cell lysates showed the presence of multiple CXCR4 isoforms with three major species of approximately 87, 67 and 55 kDa associating with high surface expression, and two distinct species of 45 and 38 kDa correlating with low to null surface expression. Western blot analysis of CXCR4 immunoprecipitates showed that the 87 and 67 kDa forms were ubiquitinated, while the others were not. Finally, treatment of cells with a proteasome inhibitor resulted in down regulation of CXCR4 surface expression.ConclusionsTaken together, these data show that regulation of CXCR4 surface expression in neuroblastoma cells can occur independently of SDF-1 contribution arguing against an autocrine mechanism. Additionally these data suggest that post-translational modifications of CXCR4, in part through direct ubiquitination, can influence trafficking of CXCR4 to the surface of neuroblastoma cells in a ligand-independent manner.
Differential Involvement of Trigeminal Transition Zone and Laminated Subnucleus Caudalis in Orofacial Deep and Cutaneous Hyperalgesia: the Effects of Interleukin-10 and Glial Inhibitors
Authors: Shimizu Kohei , Guo Wei , Wang Hu , Zou Shiping , LaGraize Stacey C , Iwata Koichi , Wei Feng , Dubner Ronald , Ren Ke 
Published: December 2009

Background In addition to caudal subnucleus caudalis (Vc) of the spinal trigeminal complex, recent studies indicate that the subnuclei interpolaris/caudalis (Vi/Vc) transition zone plays a unique role in processing deep orofacial nociceptive input. Studies also suggest that glia and inflammatory cytokines contribute to the development of persistent pain. By systematically comparing the effects of microinjection of the antiinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 and two glial inhibitors, fluorocitrate and minocycline, we tested the hypothesis that there was a differential involvement of Vi/Vc and caudal Vc structures in deep and cutaneous orofacial pain. Results Deep or cutaneous inflammatory hyperalgesia, assessed with von Frey filaments, was induced in rats by injecting complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the masseter muscle or skin overlying the masseter, respectively. A unilateral injection of CFA into the masseter or skin induced ipsilateral hyperalgesia that started at 30 min, peaked at 1 d and lasted for 1–1 weeks. Secondary hyperalgesia on the contralateral site also developed in masseter-, but not skin-inflamed rats. Focal microinjection of IL-10 (0.006-1 ng), fluorocitrate (1 μg), and minocycline (0.1-1 μg) into the ventral Vi/Vc significantly attenuated masseter hyperalgesia bilaterally but without an effect on hyperalgesia after cutaneous inflammation. Injection of the same doses of these agents into the caudal Vc attenuated ipsilateral hyperalgesia after masseter and skin inflammation, but had no effect on contralateral hyperalgesia after masseter inflammation. Injection of CFA into the masseter produced significant increases in N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor NR1 serine 896 phosphorylation and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels, a marker of reactive astrocytes, in Vi/Vc and caudal Vc. In contrast, cutaneous inflammation only produced similar increases in the Vc. Conclusion These results support the hypothesis that the Vi/Vc transition zone is involved in deep orofacial injury and suggest that glial inhibition and interruption of the cytokine cascade after inflammation may provide pain relief.
Management of Disseminated Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumors With Risk-Based Chemotherapy Followed by Response-Guided Postchemotherapy Surgery
Authors: Kollmannsberger Christian , Daneshmand Siamak , So Alan , Chi Kim N. , Murray Nevin , Moore Christie , Hayes-Lattin Brandon , Nichols Craig 
Published: December 2009

Purpose The management of patients with a radiographic complete response after chemotherapy remains controversial. The current study assesses the outcome for a modern, unselected patient population with disseminated testicular cancer with particular emphasis on those achieving a radiographic complete remission to combination chemotherapy. Patients and Methods All patients with disseminated nonseminoma seen between 1999 and 2007 at the British Columbia Cancer Agency (BCCA) as well as through the Oregon Testis Cancer Program were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 276 patients treated with combination chemotherapy were identified. A radiographic complete remission (CR) was defined as disappearance of all metastatic lesions or minimal residual tissue ≤ 1 cm. Results One hundred sixty-one patients achieved a CR. Results for the total population and CR subset were as follows: International Germ Cell Cancer Consensus Group stage good/intermediate/poor 84%/5%/11% (CR subset, 94%/3%/3%), presence of teratoma in the primary tumor 40% (CR subset, 55%), relapses 13%, death from disease 3% (CR subset, 6% and 0%, respectively). Two of the total 10 relapses in the CR group occurred beyond 2 years. Eight of the 10 relapses in the CR group were treated surgically for teratoma alone, whereas two required salvage chemotherapy. Disease-specific survival for the CR group was 100% after a median follow-up of 52 months (range, 3 to 135 months). Conclusion Modern risk-adapted systemic chemotherapy with or without surgery for current populations of patients with disseminated testicular nonseminoma results in superb outcomes. Patients with disseminated germ cell tumors who obtain a complete serologic remission and no or minimal radiographic residual can be safely observed without adjunctive regional surgery.
Regulation by Blue Light of the fluffy Gene Encoding a Major Regulator of Conidiation in Neurospora crassa
Authors: Olmedo María , Ruger-Herreros Carmen , Corrochano Luis M 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The development of asexual spores, that is, the process of conidiation, in the fungus Neurospora crassa is increased by light. The fluffy (fl) gene, encoding a major regulator of conidiation, is activated by light. We describe here a detailed characterization of the regulation by blue light of fl in vegetative hyphae. This induction requires the white collar complex (WCC) while the FLD protein acts as a dark repressor of fl transcription. We show that the WCC directly regulates fl transcription in response to blue light after transiently binding the promoter. We propose that fl is repressed by FLD in vegetative mycelia and that the repression is lost after light exposure and WCC activation. The increase in fl mRNA in vegetative mycelia after light exposure, and the corresponding increase in the amount of the regulatory FL protein, should promote the activation of the conidiation pathway. The activation by light of fl provides a simple mechanism for the activation of conidiation by blue light in Neurospora that may be at work in other fungi.
On the Classification of Epistatic Interactions
Authors: Gao Hong , Granka Julie M , Feldman Marcus W 
Published: December 2009

AbstractModern genomewide association studies are characterized by the problem of “missing heritability.” Epistasis, or genetic interaction, has been suggested as a possible explanation for the relatively small contribution of single significant associations to the fraction of variance explained. Of particular concern to investigators of genetic interactions is how to best represent and define epistasis. Previous studies have found that the use of different quantitative definitions for genetic interaction can lead to different conclusions when constructing genetic interaction networks and when addressing evolutionary questions. We suggest that instead, multiple representations of epistasis, or epistatic “subtypes,” may be valid within a given system. Selecting among these epistatic subtypes may provide additional insight into the biological and functional relationships among pairs of genes. In this study, we propose maximum-likelihood and model selection methods in a hypothesis-testing framework to choose epistatic subtypes that best represent functional relationships for pairs of genes on the basis of fitness data from both single and double mutants in haploid systems. We gauge the performance of our method with extensive simulations under various interaction scenarios. Our approach performs reasonably well in detecting the most likely epistatic subtype for pairs of genes, as well as in reducing bias when estimating the epistatic parameter (ε). We apply our approach to two available data sets from yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and demonstrate through overlap of our identified epistatic pairs with experimentally verified interactions and functional links that our results are likely of biological significance in understanding interaction mechanisms. We anticipate that our method will improve detection of epistatic interactions and will help to unravel the mysteries of complex biological systems.
Analytic validity of genetic tests to identify factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A
Authors: Emadi Ashkan , Crim Matthew T. , Brotman Daniel J. , Necochea Alejandro J. , Samal Lipika , Wilson Lisa M. , Bass Eric B. , Segal Jodi B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe objective of this study is to systematically review methods for detecting Factor V Leiden or prothrombin G20210A. English‐language literature from MEDLINE®, EMBASE®, The Cochrane Library, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycInfo©, 2000‐December 2008. Studies assessed methods for detection of these mutations in at least 10 human blood samples and reported concordance, discordance, or reproducibility. Two investigators abstracted data on the sample selection criteria, test operators, DNA extraction, experimental test, reference standard, commercial instruments, concordance rates, explanation of any discordance, and whether discordance resolved after repetition. We assessed strength of the evidence using the GRADE criteria. We reviewed 7,777 titles and included 66 articles. The majority of the reviewed studies used PCR‐RFLP or AS‐PCR as the reference standard. The studies demonstrated that commercially available and precommercial tests have high analytic validity with all having greater than 99% concordance with the reference standard. With a few exceptions, discordance resolved with repetition of the test, suggesting operator or administrative errors were responsible for the discordant results. In the quality assurance studies, greater than 98% of laboratories demonstrated high, even perfect, accuracy when asked to diagnose a sample with a known mutation. The majority of errors came from a limited number of laboratories. Although not all methods may be accurate, there is high‐grade evidence that genetic tests for the detection of FVL and prothrombin G20210A have excellent analytic validity. There is high‐grade evidence that most, but not all, clinical laboratories test for FVL and prothrombin G20210A accurately. Am. J. Hematol., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Co‐crystals with Acetylene: Small Is not Simple!
Authors: Kirchner Michael T. , Bläser Dieter , Boese Roland 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAcetylene is an amazingly versatile component for the formation of co‐crystals. It requires careful handling and special techniques for crystallisation, but the efforts seem to be rewarding when attaining co‐crystals with small molecules as partners. Many basic questions such as the dominance of specific heterogeneous intermolecular interactions, their driving force for the formation of multicomponent crystals instead of neat ones are expected to be easily analysed. The underlying packing patterns and resulting stoichiometries based on the known supramolecular synthons seem to be straightforward for such small molecules and crystal engineering, considered as the prototype of supramolecular synthesis, should be a simple task. Nineteen co‐crystals with acetylene are presented in this paper, some of which have been previously reported individually. An attempt has been made to find features shared by the groups of co‐crystals, including those that could not be co‐crystallised. But in spite of clear ideas and experiences from previous experiments, surprisingly almost none of systems reached our expectations. Our intuitive approach was not fulfilled, which demonstrates that multicomponent crystals even of small molecules will remain a great challenge for theoretical methods and the crystal structures shown herein represent good candidates for future testing. On the other hand, we wish to encourage other groups to present their views on the crystal structures with an unbiased approach that may offer a better explanation than we are able to outline in this article.
Ionic‐Liquid‐Grafted Rigid Poly(p‐Phenylene) Microspheres: Efficient Heterogeneous Media for Metal Scavenging and Catalysis
Authors: Li Shenghai , Wang Junhua , Kou Yongli , Zhang Suobo 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNovel guanidinium ionic liquid‐grafted rigid poly(p‐phenylene) (PPPIL) microspheres have been developed for metal scavenging and catalysis. The noble‐metal nanoparticles supported on the microspheres surface can be used as efficient heterogeneous catalysts. The combination of nanoparticles and ionic liquid fragments on the microsphere surfaces enhance the activity and durability of the catalyst. The PPPIL⋅Pd0 catalyst has been tested in the Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction, and exhibits much higher catalytic activity than Pd catalysts supported on porous polymer matrices. The PPPIL⋅Pd0 catalyst can be recycled at least for nine runs without any significant loss of activity. The present approach may, therefore, have potential applications in transition‐metal‐nanocatalyzed reactions.