bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carrot (Daucus carota L.) In Vitro Regeneration
Authors: Rabiei Keramat , Polyakov Aleksey , Khodambashi Mahmood , Sharafova Olga , Kalashnikova Elena , Hooshmand Saadollah , Omidi Mansour 
Published: January 2011

Carrot (Daucus carota L.) In Vitro Regeneration
Experiments were carried out for optimization of conditions for morphogenic callus production and regeneration of carrot (Daucus carota L.) using four cultivars cultivated in Iran. Hypocotyl segments were put on media supplemented with 0.2 mg·L-1 2,4-D for callus initiation and proliferation. Small portions of callus (25 mg) were cut and transferred to new media with different concentrations of 2,4-D including 0.2, 0.5 and 1 mg·L-1. MS (Murashige & Skoog 1962) and MSm (Masuda et al. 1981) media were used in the experiments to identify the differences between these two media according to callus, embryoid and plantlet production.
Obtained results showed that low level of 2,4-D (0.2 mg·L-1) was more effective in morphogenic callus production although higher amounts of it (0.5 mg·L-1 and 1 mg·L-1) caused more callus growth. Kinetin in concentration of 0.1 mg·L-1 was more effective for regeneration than BAP used in concentration 1 mg·L-1 especially according to embryoid production. MSm medium was more useful than MS for callus production and regeneration of carrot plantlets. Among tested cultivars Nantes Improved had more capability to produce viable plantlets.
Yielding of Asparagus Depending on Harvest Ending Date
Authors: Knaflewski Mikołaj , Krzesiński Włodzimierz , Gąsecka Monika , Stachowiak Jerzy 
Published: January 2011

Yielding of Asparagus Depending on Harvest Ending Date
The field experiment focused on the determination of yielding of asparagus cv. ‘Thielim’ in relation to harvest duration: traditional (until June 20th), shortened (June 10th) and prolonged (30th June) harvests. The variation in harvest ending dates did not have a significant influence on the total, marketable and non-marketable yields as well as on the crown weight and the number of storage roots. However, the extension of harvest time until June 30th resulted in an increase in the number of spears in the total and marketable yields, accompanied by a decrease in their diameter. Also prolonging harvest affected negatively the summer stalk size. During harvest until June 10th asparagus plants probably did not use their full yielding potential, because of too short harvest time. It resulted in increased height, weight, light absorption of summer stalks, leaf area index (LAI) and the total of cross-section areas of summer stalks (PPPA) with no significant differences in yield.
Occurrence of Crioceris Spp. of Ten European Asparagus Cultivars Depending on Drip Irrigation
Authors: Lamparski Robert , Rolbiecki Roman , Piesik Dariusz , Pańka Dariusz 
Published: January 2011

Occurrence of Crioceris Spp. of Ten European Asparagus Cultivars Depending on Drip Irrigation
The influence of drip irrigation of 10 European asparagus cultivars on the occurrence of Crioceris duodecimpunctata (L.) and Crioceris asparagi (L.) was studied. We tested 5 German cultivars (‘Ravel’, ‘Rambo’, ‘Rally’, ‘Ramada’, ‘Rapsody’), 2 Spanish cv. (‘Cipres’ and ‘Plaverd’), 2 Dutch cv. (‘Backlim’ and ‘Grolim’) and French cv. ‘Orane’ in the field conditions. The field experiment was carried out in two consecutive years (2005-2006) at Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz on a sandy soil. Adults and larvae of C. duodecimpunctata (twelvespotted asparagus beetles - T-SAB) and C. asparagi (common asparagus beetles - CAB) reached over 91% of all insects settled on asparagus summer stalks. The German cultivars ‘Rambo’ and ‘Rally’ were considerably settled by adults and larvae of T-SAB. The highest number of individuals (adults and larvae) of CAB on the Dutch cv. ‘Backlim’ were observed. However, German cv. ‘Rapsody’ were significantly less numerous (both CAB and T-SAB). Moreover Dutch cv. ‘Backlim’ was more occupied by adults and larvae of CAB in drip irrigation plots than all five tested German cultivars. Also adults and larvae of T-SAB as well as CAB often prefer drip irrigated asparagus summer stalks.
Effect of Rape and Mustard Seed Meals on Verticillium wilt of Pepper
Authors: Smolińska Urszula , Kowalska Beata , Kowalczyk Waldemar , Horbowicz Marcin 
Published: January 2011

Effect of Rape and Mustard Seed Meals on Verticillium wilt of Pepper
The effect of plant material from Brassicaceae plants - the mustard seed meal and rapeseed meal, added to soil or peat substrate, on Verticillium wilt of pepper was evaluated in laboratory and greenhouse conditions. It was stated that the addition of these materials decreased infestation of pepper vascular vessels caused by Verticillium dahliae. The decomposition of rapeseed meal and mustard seed meal increased concentration of ammonia, the compound toxic to many pathogens. The increase of total bacteria, actinomycetes, spore forming bacteria were also observed. The materials from Brassicaceae plants positive influenced on plant development and chlorophyll content in pepper leaves.
Influence of Fungicide Treatment on Grey Mould of Cabbage
Authors: Survilienė Elena , Valiuškaitė Alma , Duchovskienė Laisvūnė , Kavaliauskaitė Danguolė 
Published: January 2011

Influence of Fungicide Treatment on Grey Mould of Cabbage
The experiments were carried out in the Institute of Horticulture in 2008-2010. The study was supported by the Lithuanian State Science and Studies Foundation. The aim of this investigation was to establish the influence of fungicides applications to control grey mould in cabbages cultivars Kingston F1, Lennox F1 and Paradox F1 during storage. Three fungicide applications with active ingredients azoxystrobine at the rate of 200 g·ha-1 (Amistar 250 SC), boscalid at the rate of 267 g·ha-1 + pyraclostrobine at the rate of 67 g·ha-1 (Signum 33 WG), tebuconazole at the rate of 250 g·ha-1 (Folicur 250 EW), iprodione at the rate of 500 g·ha-1 (Rovral Aqua Flo) and fluopyram at the rate of 200 g·ha-1 + tebuconazole at the rate of 200 g·ha-1 (Bayer CropScience product) were made on second part of plant vegetation (growth stage by BBCH 41-46). After harvesting cabbage heads (20 units from every replication) were kept in a cold storage for four months after harvest. Obtained data showed that fungicide treatments allow for reducing the incidence of grey mould and reduced losses during the four-month storage period by average up 64.73-93.77%.
Chronic social stress increases nitric oxide-dependent vasorelaxation in normotensive rats
Authors: Puzserova Angelika , Bernatova Iveta 
Published: January 2011

Chronic social stress increases nitric oxide-dependent vasorelaxation in normotensive ratsThe aim of this study was to examine oxidative load and endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in the serotonin pre-constricted femoral artery (FA) of Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats exposed to chronic social stress produced by crowding in the presence or absence of ascorbic acid (AsA) in working solution. Adult male rats were randomly divided into control (living space: 480 cm2/rat) or stressed (living space: 200 cm2/rat) groups for 8 weeks. Blood pressure and heart rate, determined using tail-cuff plethysmography, were not influenced by stress vs. control. Conjugated dienes (CD) and concentrations of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) were measured in the left ventricle and liver (for assessment of oxidative load) and were found unchanged by chronic crowding. The nitric oxide (NO)-dependent component of endothelium-dependent relaxation was investigated in the FA using a wire myograph. In both the presence and absence of AsA, acetylcholine-induced relaxation of the FA of stressed rats significantly exceeded that of the controls, which was associated with an increase of the NO-dependent component. In conclusion, the data showed that chronic crowding did not produce oxidative stress in the organs investigated and indicate that elevation of NO production during chronic stress is an important way of adaptation, which may prevent normotensive rats from the development of stress-induced hypertension.
Detoxifying effect of Nelumbo nucifera and Aegle marmelos on hematological parameters of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)
Authors: Vinodhini Rajamanickam 
Published: January 2011

Detoxifying effect ofNelumbo nuciferaandAegle marmeloson hematological parameters of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpioL.)The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy ofNelumbo nuciferaandAegle marmeloson common carp exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of combined heavy metals (5 ppm) under laboratory conditions. The fish were treated withNelumbo nucifera(500 mg/kg bwt) andAegle marmelos(500 mg/kgbwt) for 30 days as a dietary supplement. The blood biochemical parameters of the fish were evaluated by analyzing the level of red blood cells (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration, glucose, cholesterol, iron and copper. The findings of the present investigation showed significant increase in hemoglobin (p<0.001), RBC (p<0.01) and PCV (p<0.01) of herbal drug-treated groups compared with metal-exposed fish. Conversely, glucose and cholesterol level in blood of common carp showed significant reduction compared with heavy-metal-exposed groups. All the values measured inNelumbo nuciferaandAegle marmelostreated fish were restored comparably to control fish. Our results confirmed thatNelumbo nuciferaandAegle marmelosprovide a detoxification mechanism for heavy metals in common carp.
Nanotechnology, Governance and Public Management: A Techno-Economic Paradigms Perspective
Authors: Drechsler Wolfgang 
Published: January 2011

Nanotechnology, Governance and Public Management: A Techno-Economic Paradigms PerspectiveThis essay investigates, from the perspective of Carlota Perez' theory of Techno-Economic Paradigms, the possible impact of a specific technology, nanotechnology, on governance and public management. Based on this example, it argues, i.a., that techno-economic paradigms do come with their own optimal (and less optimal) forms of governance and indeed public management, but that both the attitude towards the state and thus public management and the need for good public policy and its institutional prerequisites are a matter of the period within the paradigm, not of the paradigm itself.
Stigmatic receptivity in a dichogamous early‐divergent angiosperm species, Annona cherimola (Annonaceae): Influence of temperature and humidity
Authors: Lora Jorge , Herrero Maria , Hormaza Jose I. 
Published: January 2011

• Premise of the study: A variety of mechanisms to prevent inbreeding have arisen in different angiosperm taxa during plant evolution. In early‐divergent angiosperms, a widespread system is dichogamy, in which female and male structures do not mature simultaneously, thus encouraging cross pollination. While this system is common in early‐divergent angiosperms, it is less widespread in more recently evolved clades. An evaluation of the consequences of this system on outbreeding may provide clues on this change, but this subject has been little explored.• Methods: In this work, we characterized the cycle and anatomy of the flower and studied the influence of temperature and humidity on stigmatic receptivity in Annona cherimola, a member of an early‐divergent angiosperm clade with protogynous dichogamy.• Key results: Paternity analysis reveals a high proportion of seeds resulting from self‐fertilization, indicating that self‐pollination can occur in spite of the dichogamous system. Stigmatic receptivity is environmentally modulated—shortened by high temperatures and prolonged by high humidity.• Conclusions: Although spatial and temporal sexual separation in this system seems to effectively decrease selfing, the system is modulated by environmental conditions and may allow high levels of selfing that can guarantee reproductive assurance.
Recovery from bud disappearance explains prolonged dormancy in Cleistes bifaria (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Gregg Katharine B. 
Published: January 2011

• Premise of the study: Virtually nothing is known about what actually happens during prolonged dormancy, the period during which significant proportions of geophyte populations do not sprout after seasonal dormancy but remain alive underground, to emerge again 1 or more years later. This study investigated the fate of perennating buds on plants of the orchid Cleistes bifaria during prolonged dormancy, as well as effects of bud removal on dormancy and future sprouting.• Methods: Fates of healthy perennating buds were observed by examining underground plant structures over an annual cycle (fall, spring, fall). Effects of bud loss were assessed by removal of mature buds from one group of plants, followed by comparison with a control group a year later.• Key results: Of the 142 perennating buds under observation, 38% did not emerge in the spring, and all these were missing the buds that were present and healthy the previous fall. Removal of perennating buds in the fall did not affect whether a plant emerged in the spring; however, it reduced the number and size of perennating buds produced for the following year.• Conclusions: For C. bifaria in West Virginia, prolonged dormancy appears to be the time period during which plants are recovering from the disappearance of perennating buds. Although the cause of bud loss remains unknown, research can now be focused on whether other species fail to emerge for the same reason, what causes buds to disappear, and why removal had no effect on spring emergence but negatively affected future sprouting.
Pour une sociologie législative du pouvoir des parlementaires en France
Authors: Milet Marc 
Published: January 2011

La faiblesse du parlement français sous le régime de la Cinquième République est considérée comme une réalité indépassable bien qu’elle n’ait cependant guère fait l’objet d’une évaluation rigoureuse, et que la sociologie de l’action publique et la sociologie législative, laquelle est encore faiblement développée en France, s’ignorent mutuellement et font du temps législatif un véritable trou noir au sein du processus de décision. L’article se propose de contribuer à remédier à cette carence en posant les jalons d’une méthodologie empirique de réévaluation de la capacité législative. Après avoir discuté la pertinence des modalités d’évaluation quantitative de la contribution des parlementaires à la fabrique de la loi, l’article présente l’apport d’une approche processuelle fondée sur le suivi par observation participante d’études de cas – en l’espèce la loi « Urbanisme et habitat » de 2003 –, dont les prémices ont été établis dans des recherches nord-américaines et qu’il s’agit de transposer au cas français aﬁn de caractériser cette marge de manœuvre. Une telle démarche permet alors de vériﬁer l’hypothèse selon laquelle la capacité d’amendement des projets de lois gouvernementaux pour les députés se révèle plus grande sur des textes techniques qui offrent une plus faible potentialité de polarisation idéologique et donc de politisation.
GCN5 Regulates the Superoxide-Generating System in Leukocytes Via Controlling gp91-phox Gene Expression
Authors: Kikuchi Hidehiko , Kuribayashi Futoshi , Kiwaki Naomi , Takami Yasunari , Nakayama Tatsuo 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe superoxide anion (O2−)-generating system is an important mechanism of innate immune response against microbial infection in phagocytes and is involved in signal transduction mediated by various physiological and pathological signals in phagocytes and other cells, including B lymphocytes. The O2−-generating system is composed of five specific proteins: p22-phox, gp91-phox, p40-phox, p47-phox, p67-phox, and a small G protein, Rac. Little is known regarding epigenetic regulation of the genes constituting the O2−-generating system. In this study, by analyzing the GCN5 (one of most important histone acetyltransferases)-deficient DT40 cell line, we show that GCN5 deficiency causes loss of the O2−-generating activity. Interestingly, transcription of the gp91-phox gene was drastically downregulated (to ∼4%) in GCN5-deficient cells. To further study the involvement of GCN5 in transcriptional regulation of gp91-phox, we used in vitro differentiation system of U937 cells. When human monoblastic U937 cells were cultured in the presence of IFN-γ, transcription of gp91-phox was remarkably upregulated, and the cells were differentiated to macrophage-like cells that can produce O2−. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay using the U937 cells during cultivation with IFN-γ revealed not only that association of GCN5 with the gp91-phox gene promoter was significantly accelerated, but also that GCN5 preferentially elevated acetylation levels of H2BK16 and H3K9 surrounding the promoter. These results suggested that GCN5 regulates the O2−-generating system in leukocytes via controlling the gp91-phox gene expression as a supervisor. Our findings obtained in this study should be useful in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in epigenetic regulation of the O2−-generating system in leukocytes.
Activated Invariant NKT Cells Regulate Osteoclast Development and Function
Authors: Hu Ming , Bassett J. H. Duncan , Danks Lynett , Howell Peter G. T. , Xu Ke , Spanoudakis Emmanouil , Kotsianidis Ioannis , Boyde Alan , Williams Graham R. , Horwood Nikki , Roberts Irene A. G. , Karadimitris Anastasios 
Published: January 2011

AbstractInvariant NKT (iNKT) cells modulate innate and adaptive immune responses through activation of myeloid dendritic cells and macrophages and via enhanced clonogenicity, differentiation, and egress of their shared myeloid progenitors. Because these same progenitors give rise to osteoclasts (OCs), which also mediate the egress of hematopoietic progenitors and orchestrate bone remodeling, we hypothesized that iNKT cells would extend their myeloid cell regulatory role to the development and function of OCs. In this study, we report that selective activation of iNKT cells by α-galactosylceramide causes myeloid cell egress, enhances OC progenitor and precursor development, modifies the intramedullary kinetics of mature OCs, and enhances their resorptive activity. OC progenitor activity is positively regulated by TNF-α and negatively regulated by IFN-γ, but is IL-4 and IL-17 independent. These data demonstrate a novel role of iNKT cells that couples osteoclastogenesis with myeloid cell egress in conditions of immune activation.
Type III IFNs in Pteropid Bats: Differential Expression Patterns Provide Evidence for Distinct Roles in Antiviral Immunity
Authors: Zhou Peng , Cowled Chris , Todd Shawn , Crameri Gary , Virtue Elena R. , Marsh Glenn A. , Klein Reuben , Shi Zhengli , Wang Lin-Fa , Baker Michelle L. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Bats are known to harbor a number of emerging and re-emerging zoonotic viruses, many of which are highly pathogenic in other mammals but result in no clinical symptoms in bats. The ability of bats to coexist with viruses may be the result of rapid control of viral replication early in the immune response. IFNs provide the first line of defense against viral infection in vertebrates. Type III IFNs (IFN-λs) are a recently identified IFN family that share similar antiviral activities with type I IFNs. To our knowledge, we demonstrate the first functional analysis of type III IFNs from any species of bat, with the investigation of two IFN-λ genes from the pteropid bat, Pteropus alecto. Our results demonstrate that bat type III IFN has similar antiviral activity to type I and III IFNs from other mammals. In addition, the two bat type III IFNs are differentially induced relative to each other and to type I IFNs after treatment or transfection with synthetic dsRNA. Infection with the bat paramyxovirus, Tioman virus, resulted in no upregulation of type I IFN production in bat splenocytes but was capable of inducing a type III IFN response in three of the four bats tested. To our knowledge, this is the first report to describe the simultaneous suppression of type I IFN and induction of type III IFN after virus infection. These results may have important implications for the role of type III IFNs in the ability of bats to coexist with viruses.
Stromal Cell Networks Regulate Thymocyte Migration and Dendritic Cell Behavior in the Thymus
Authors: Sanos Stephanie L. , Nowak Jonathan , Fallet Mathieu , Bajenoff Marc 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
After entry into thymus, T cell progenitors migrate in the cortex and the medulla while completing their education. Recent reports have documented the dynamic and tortuous behavior of thymocytes. However, other than chemokines and/or segregated thymic substrates, the factors contributing to the dynamic patterns of thymocyte movement are poorly characterized. By combining confocal and dynamic two-photon microscopy, we demonstrate that thymocytes continuously migrate on thymic stromal cell networks. In addition to constituting “roads” for thymocytes, we observed that these networks also provide a scaffold on which dendritic cells attach themselves. These results highlight the central role of stromal microanatomy in orchestrating the multiple cellular interactions necessary for T cell migration/development within the thymus.
Human Serum Amyloid P Functions as a Negative Regulator of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses to DNA Vaccines
Authors: Wang Yue , Guo Yingjun , Wang Xiaohui , Huang Jinfeng , Shang Jingli , Sun Shuhan 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The utility of DNA vaccines has been limited by their failure to elicit sufficiently potent immune responses in many human applications, whereas DNA vaccinations in mice have been very successful. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We hypothesize that serum amyloid P component (SAP), which has a species-specific, DNA-binding ability, contributes to the differences between human and mice and then limits DNA vaccine’s efficacy in vivo. In our study, DNA vaccine-induced adaptive immune responses were also significantly decreased in the human SAP (hSAP) transgenic mice. Using human promonocytic cell line THP-1–derived macrophages as a cell model, we found that cells incubated with a hSAP–DNA complex showed significant defects in innate immune activations, whereas mouse SAP had similar, albeit very weak, activities. hSAP also significantly inhibited the functions of two identified DNA sentinels, high-mobility group B protein 1 and antimicrobial peptide LL37, and redirected DNA update to FcRs leading to endocytosis and endosomal degradation. We also found that a chemical SAP inhibitor strongly recovered the suppressed innate immune responses to DNA in the presence of human serum and enhanced the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines in vivo. Our data indicated that SAP is a key negative regulator for innate immune responses to DNA and may be partly responsible for the insufficient immune responses after DNA vaccinations in humans. SAP suppression may be a novel strategy for improving efficacy of human DNA vaccines and requires further clinical investigations.
Homogeneous Suslinian Continua
Authors: Daniel D. , Nikiel J. , Treybig L. B. , Tuncali H. M. , Tymchatyn E. D. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA continuumis said to be Suslinian if it does not contain uncountably many mutually exclusive non-degenerate subcontinua. Fitzpatrick and Lelek have shown that a metric Suslinian continuum X has the property that the set of points at which X is connected im kleinen is dense in X. We extend their result to Hausdorff Suslinian continua and obtain a number of corollaries. In particular, we prove that a homogeneous, non-degenerate, Suslinian continuum is a simple closed curve and that each separable, non-degenerate, homogenous, Suslinian continuum is metrizable.