bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel technique for localized formation of SOI active regions
Authors: Veeramachaneni Bharat , Winans Joshua D. , Hu Shaoting , Kawamura Daiji , Fauchet Philippe M. , Witt Kevin , Hirschman Karl D. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this work we study the role of fluorine for the selective suppression of porous silicon in localized SOI applications. The formation of porous silicon can be done selectively by controlling the Fermi level in areas to be etched or not etched, which is typically done by adjusting the level of doping. Implanted fluorine in silicon has demonstrated a donor effect upon annealing at low temperature (600 °C), which is reversible as the fluorine outdiffuses during higher temperature annealing (1100 °C). The investigated technique has been used to form crystalline silicon active regions with thickness less than 200 nm completely surrounded by oxidized porous silicon. The electronic integrity of the active area has also been established through nMOS transistor fabrication and characterization (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Double‐sided porous silicon as template for metal deposition
Authors: Rumpf Klemens , Granitzer Petra , Poelt Peter , Albu Mihaela 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMesoporous silicon, achieved by etching of a highly n‐doped wafer is used as template for electrochemical metal deposition. The fabrication of porous silicon samples with a porous layer on each side is performed in a double tank electrolytic cell in applying a pulsed current with a frequency of typically 0.1 Hz. Ferromagnetic metals such as Ni and Co are deposited into the pores of the matrices, either the same metal on both sides of the sample, a different metal on each side or an alloy of both. As substrate material also ultrathin silicon wafers with an average thickness of 60 µm are used to achieve a thickness as small as possible of the remaining bulk silicon in between the two porous layers. These fragile templates are also filled with transition metals and investigated magnetically. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Thin Multilayer Films and Microcapsules Containing DNA Quadruplex Motifs
Authors: Cavalieri Francesca , Ng Sher Leen , Mazzuca Claudia , Jia Zhongfan , Bulmus Volga , Davis Thomas P. , Caruso Frank 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe assembly of multifunctional nanostructures bearing G‐quadruplex motifs broadens the prospects of using G‐quadruplexes as therapeutic carriers. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of an oligodeoxyguanosine, G15‐mer polymer conjugate. We demonstrate that G15‐mer oligonucleotides grafted to a polymer chain preserve the ability to self‐assemble into ordered structures. The G‐quadruplex‐polymer conjugates were assembled onto a surface via hybridization with 30‐mer cytosine strands, C30‐mer, using a layer‐by‐layer approach to form microcapsules. A mechanism for the sequential assembly of the multilayer films and microcapsules is presented. We further investigate the photophysical behavior of porphyrin TMPyP4 bound to multilayer‐coated particles. This study shows that the multilayer films bear residual and functional quadruplex moieties that can be used to effectively bind therapeutic agents.
Osteoblasts Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells form Calcified Structures in Scaffolds Both In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Bilousova Ganna , Jun Du Hyun , King Karen B. , De Langhe Stijn , Chick Wallace S. , Torchia Enrique C. , Chow Kelsey S. , Klemm Dwight J. , Roop Dennis R. , Majka Susan M. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Reprogramming somatic cells into an ESC-like state, or induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, has emerged as a promising new venue for customized cell therapies. In this study, we performed directed differentiation to assess the ability of murine iPS cells to differentiate into bone, cartilage, and fat in vitro and to maintain an osteoblast phenotype on a scaffold in vitro and in vivo. Embryoid bodies derived from murine iPS cells were cultured in differentiation medium for 8–12 weeks. Differentiation was assessed by lineage-specific morphology, gene expression, histological stain, and immunostaining to detect matrix deposition. After 12 weeks of expansion, iPS-derived osteoblasts were seeded in a gelfoam matrix followed by subcutaneous implantation in syngenic imprinting control region (ICR) mice. Implants were harvested at 12 weeks, histological analyses of cell and mineral and matrix content were performed. Differentiation of iPS cells into mesenchymal lineages of bone, cartilage, and fat was confirmed by morphology and expression of lineage-specific genes. Isolated implants of iPS cell-derived osteoblasts expressed matrices characteristic of bone, including osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein. Implants were also stained with alizarin red and von Kossa, demonstrating mineralization and persistence of an osteoblast phenotype. Recruitment of vasculature and microvascularization of the implant was also detected. Taken together, these data demonstrate functional osteoblast differentiation from iPS cells both in vitro and in vivo and reveal a source of cells, which merit evaluation for their potential uses in orthopedic medicine and understanding of molecular mechanisms of orthopedic disease.
Concise Review: Bone Marrow for the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury: Mechanisms and Clinical Applications
Authors: Wright Karina T. , Masri Wagih El , Osman Aheed , Chowdhury Joy , Johnson William E. B. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Transplantation of bone marrow stem cells into spinal cord lesions enhances axonal regeneration and promotes functional recovery in animal studies. There are two types of adult bone marrow stem cell; hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The mechanisms by which HSCs and MSCs might promote spinal cord repair following transplantation have been extensively investigated. The objective of this review is to discuss these mechanisms; we briefly consider the controversial topic of HSC and MSC transdifferentiation into central nervous system cells but focus on the neurotrophic, tissue sparing, and reparative action of MSC grafts in the context of the spinal cord injury (SCI) milieu. We then discuss some of the specific issues related to the translation of HSC and MSC therapies for patients with SCI and present a comprehensive critique of the current bone marrow cell clinical trials for the treatment of SCI to date.
FUS-CHOP Fusion Protein Expression Coupled to p53 Deficiency Induces Liposarcoma in Mouse but Not in Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells
Authors: Rodriguez Rene , Rubio Ruth , Gutierrez-Aranda Ivan , Melen Gustavo J. , Elosua Carolina , García-Castro Javier , Menendez Pablo 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Human sarcomas have been modeled in mice by expression of specific fusion genes in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, sarcoma models based on human MSCs are still missing. We attempted to develop a model of liposarcoma by expressing FUS (FUsed in Sarcoma; also termed TLS, Translocated in LipoSarcoma)-CHOP (C/EBP HOmologous Protein; also termed DDIT3, DNA Damage-Inducible Transcript 3), a hallmark mixoid liposarcoma-associated fusion oncogene, in wild-type and p53-deficient mouse and human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (ASCs). FUS-CHOP induced liposarcoma-like tumors when expressed in p53−/− but not in wild-type (wt) mouse ASCs (mASCs). In the absence of FUS-CHOP, p53−/− mASCs forms leiomyosarcoma, indicating that the expression of FUS-CHOP redirects the tumor genesis/phenotype. FUS-CHOP expression in wt mASCs does not initiate sarcomagenesis, indicating that p53 deficiency is required to induce FUS-CHOP-mediated liposarcoma in fat-derived mASCs. In a human setting, p53-deficient human ASCs (hASCs) displayed a higher in vitro growth rate and a more extended lifespan than wt hASCs. However, FUS-CHOP expression did not induce further changes in culture homeostasis nor initiated liposarcoma in either wt or p53-depleted hASCs. These results indicate that FUS-CHOP expression in a p53-deficient background is sufficient to initiate liposarcoma in mouse but not in hASCs, suggesting the need of additional cooperating mutations in hASCs. A microarray gene expression profiling has shed light into the potential deregulated pathways in liposarcoma formation from p53-deficient mASCs expressing FUS-CHOP, which might also function as potential cooperating mutations in the transformation process from hASCs.
Human Placenta-Derived Adherent Cells Prevent Bone loss, Stimulate Bone formation, and Suppress Growth of Multiple Myeloma in Bone
Authors: Li Xin , Ling Wen , Pennisi Angela , Wang Yuping , Khan Sharmin , Heidaran Mohammad , Pal Ajai , Zhang Xiaokui , He Shuyang , Zeitlin Andy , Abbot Stewart , Faleck Herbert , Hariri Robert , Shaughnessy John D. , van Rhee Frits , Nair Bijay , Barlogie Bart , Epstein Joshua , Yaccoby Shmuel 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Human placenta has emerged as a valuable source of transplantable cells of mesenchymal and hematopoietic origin for multiple cytotherapeutic purposes, including enhanced engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells, modulation of inflammation, bone repair, and cancer. Placenta-derived adherent cells (PDACs) are mesenchymal-like stem cells isolated from postpartum human placenta. Multiple myeloma is closely associated with induction of bone disease and large lytic lesions, which are often not repaired and are usually the sites of relapses. We evaluated the antimyeloma therapeutic potential, in vivo survival, and trafficking of PDACs in the severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)–rab model of medullary myeloma-associated bone loss. Intrabone injection of PDACs into nonmyelomatous and myelomatous implanted bone in SCID-rab mice promoted bone formation by stimulating endogenous osteoblastogenesis, and most PDACs disappeared from bone within 4 weeks. PDACs inhibitory effects on myeloma bone disease and tumor growth were dose-dependent and comparable with those of fetal human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Intrabone, but not subcutaneous, engraftment of PDACs inhibited bone disease and tumor growth in SCID-rab mice. Intratumor injection of PDACs had no effect on subcutaneous growth of myeloma cells. A small number of intravenously injected PDACs trafficked into myelomatous bone. Myeloma cell growth rate in vitro was lower in coculture with PDACs than with MSCs from human fetal bone or myeloma patients. PDACs also promoted apoptosis in osteoclast precursors and inhibited their differentiation. This study suggests that altering the bone marrow microenvironment with PDAC cytotherapy attenuates growth of myeloma and that PDAC cytotherapy is a promising therapeutic approach for myeloma osteolysis.
Lecture speech recognition using discrete‐mixture HMMs
Authors: Kosaka Tetsuo , Yamamoto Akiyoshi , Kumakura Takuya , Kato Masaharu , Kohda Masaki 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMost of the state‐of‐the‐art speech recognition systems use continuous‐mixture hidden Markov models (CMHMMs) as acoustic models. On the other hand, it is well known that discrete hidden Markov model (DHMM) systems show poor performance because they are affected by quantization distortion. In this paper, we present an efficient acoustic modeling based on discrete distribution for large‐vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR). In our previous work, we proposed the maximuma posteriori(MAP) estimation of discrete‐mixture hidden Markov model (DMHMM) parameters and showed that the DMHMM system performed better in noisy conditions than the conventional CMHMM system. However, we conducted the recognition experiments on a read/speech task in which the vocabulary size was only 5k. In addition, the DMHMM was not effective in clean condition in that work. In this paper, we have developed a DMHMM‐based LVCSR system and evaluated the system on a more difficult task under clean condition. In Japan, a large‐scale spontaneous speech database ‘Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese’ has been used as the common evaluation database for spontaneous speech and we used it for our experiments. From the results, it was seen that the DMHMM system showed almost the same performance as the CMHMM system. Moreover, performance improvement could be achieved by a histogram equalization method. Copyright © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Development and evaluation of a long‐range 300‐m leaky coaxial cable in the 2.4‐GHz band for IEEE 802.11 b/g wireless network access
Authors: Nakamura Masayuki , Takagi Hideaki , Einaga Kiyoshi , Nishikawa Toshiyuki , Moriyama Naoshi , Wasaki Katsumi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn installing wireless access systems for indoor use using IEEE 802.11b/g‐complied 2.4‐GHz band wireless local area network (LAN) units, problems that arise include blind zones and interferences caused by radio waves transmitted by neighboring access point units. To solve these problems, the use of leaky coaxial cables (LCXs) is a promising method. However, commercially available flexible LCXs with small diameters for 2.4‐GHz wireless LAN were not long enough for use in tunnels, underground facilities, and so on, and the communication characteristics of LCXs long enough for these places using wireless LAN units have not been reported. We have developed a flexible 300‐m long LCX for the 2.4‐GHz band and IEEE 802.11b/g‐complied wireless LAN units with high sensitivity. We evaluated its performance with four cable configurations and confirmed that this LCX provides wireless connections over 300 m along the cable and over 20 m lateral to the cable in an open‐air environment. We also found the coverage could be extended by a method of cable‐to‐cable links.IEEJ Trans2010 DOI: 10.1002/tee.20604
Paradigms representing the relationship between the inner of a brain and the outer world
Authors: Kudoh Suguru N. , Kiyohara Ai , Tokuda Minori , Taguchi Takahisa 
Published: November 2010

AbstractNeuroscience was initially based on simple computer models, and the resulting assumption of blocks of information and step‐by‐step information processing disregards the dynamic features of living neuronal networks. Building semiartificial intelligence in a culture dish using a simple living neuronal network makes comparison with an engineering model easier than when analyzing a complicated brain network. We hypothesize that the status of the neuronal network changes autonomously according to both its own internal state and input from the outer world. Our investigation of such network suggests that an electrical stimulus can make the living neuronal network shift to a particular state, and the response pattern to each input is loosely coupled rather than strictly linked. The critical point we propose regarding brain‐like information processing is that the internal state of the autonomous neuronal network is modified by input from the outer world. Copyright © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A maximum power point tracking control method suitable for compact wind power generators with the passive self‐pitch‐controlled blade structure
Authors: Mutoh Nobuyoshi , Nagasawa Atsushi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper describes a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control method for propeller‐type compact wind power generators with passive self‐pitch‐controlled blades, which quickly makes the output current and voltage converge on the maximum power point based on wind speeds detected from an anemometer. The voltage and current output from these wind power generators vary with wind speeds at locations such as the roofs of buildings. Transient characteristics of the voltage output from compact wind power generators have two modes because of the self‐pitch‐controlled blades: mode I in which the output voltage hardly increases and mode II in which it rapidly increases. Thus, in order to acquire the generated power effectively, irrespective of how the wind speeds may change, a method to perform the MPPT control while searching for mode II is needed. Thus, by judging the mode from the change of the sign of the time differential of the voltage deviation between sampling times, the MPPT control method proposed here makes the output current converge on the maximum point using relationships between the maximum power and optimal current which give the maximum power and the wind speed. Effectiveness of the proposed MPPT control method is verified through simulations and experiments using a wind tunnel.IEEJ Trans2010 DOI: 10.1002/tee.20609
Recognition of control chart patterns using swarm intelligence and neural networks based on the statistical and shape features
Authors: Ebrahimzadeh Ataollah , Ranaee Vahid 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAutomatic recognition of abnormal patterns in control charts has seen increasing demands nowadays in the manufacturing processes. In this paper, a hybrid intelligent system is proposed for the recognition of control chart patterns. In this system, we have used a proper set of shape features and statistical features as the efficient characteristics of the patterns. Then we proposed a hybrid heuristic recognition system based on particle swarm optimization to improve the generalization performance of the radial basis function neural network classifier. For this purpose, we have optimized the classifier design by searching for the best value of the parameters that tune its discriminate function. The obtained results show that the proposed technique has high recognition accuracy in comparison with other techniques. This recognition accuracy is achieved with fewer training samples.IEEJ Trans2010 DOI: 10.1002/tee.20610
Treatment of volatile organic compounds contained in soil by pulsed intense relativistic electron beam irradiation
Authors: Imada Go 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA volatile organic compound (VOC) contained in soil was treated by irradiation with a pulsed intense relativistic electron beam (PIREB). A treatment chamber was filled with the molded soil sample containing formaldehyde solution as a VOC, and was irradiated by a PIREB (2 MeV, 0.4 kA, 70 ns). The soil sample was a mixture of red and black clay representing the Kanto loam in Japan. The diffused formaldehyde of 64% is resolved by firing five shots of the PIREB at the initial concentration of 55 ppm. Copyright © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Early first‐trimester maternal serum placental growth factor in trisomy 21 pregnancies
Authors: Cowans N. J. , Stamatopoulou A. , Tørring N. , Spencer K. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectivesTo measure maternal serum placental growth factor (PlGF) levels in trisomy 21 cases and controls in samples drawn before 11 weeks' gestation.MethodsEarly first‐trimester maternal serum samples, drawn between 8 + 0 and 10 + 6 weeks' gestation, for 37 trisomy 21 cases and 244 unaffected controls were retrieved from frozen storage, and PlGF was retrospectively measured using a DELFIA Xpress immunoassay platform. PlGF levels were converted to multiples of the median (MoM), and trisomy 21 and unaffected groups were compared.ResultsRaw PlGF and MoM levels were significantly higher in the maternal serum of trisomy 21 cases than in controls over the 3‐week gestational window (unaffected 1.0 MoM compared with trisomy 21 1.3 MoM (P < 0.0001)). However at 8 completed weeks of gestation the increase was most significant and at 10 completed weeks there was no significant difference between trisomy 21 and unaffected PlGF levels.ConclusionsEarly PlGF levels in maternal serum in trisomy 21 cases may be increased relative to unaffected controls, however, the relationship between PlGF levels and gestational age in trisomy 21 and unaffected pregnancies in the first two trimesters of pregnancy appears to be complex and requires further study. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the placenta identifies placental vascular abnormalities independently of Doppler ultrasound
Authors: Messerschmidt A. , Baschat A. , Linduska N. , Kasprian G. , Brugger P. C. , Bauer A. , Weber M. , Prayer D. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between placental vascular pathology detected by prenatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and perinatal outcome.MethodsThis was a retrospective, hospital‐based, cross‐sectional study in which all fetal MRI examinations of singleton pregnancies with vascular placental pathology (i.e. infarction with/without hemorrhage, subchorionic thrombi/hemorrhages, intervillous thrombi/hemorrhages, or retroplacental hematoma) in the period 2002–2007 were included. The extent of the pathology was expressed as a percentage of the total placental volume. Abnormalities of umbilical artery Doppler ultrasound examinations within 7 days between MRI and ultrasound examination were noted. Death in utero or postnatally was the primary outcome. Gestational age at MRI and at birth and the occurrence of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) were noted. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the impact of gestational age at MRI, extent of the vascular lesion and presence of pathological Doppler ultrasound measurements on the prediction of mortality.ResultsFifty‐nine structurally normal singleton pregnancies with placental vascular abnormalities were included in the analysis. Mortality rate was 36%; among the survivors, 87% were born before 37 + 0 gestational weeks and 50% suffered from IUGR. In 55% of the pregnancies pathological umbilical artery Doppler findings were identified, of which 27% were non‐survivors. Mortality was predicted by earlier gestational age at fetal MRI for placental pathology (P < 0.05) and increasing extent of the vascular lesion (P < 0.05), but not by the presence of pathological Doppler ultrasound data. Accuracy of the prediction was 82%, sensitivity was 67% and specificity 89%.ConclusionMRI‐detected vascular placental pathologies may help to identify pregnancies at risk for adverse outcome and fetal death independently of umbilical artery Doppler status. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of gastroschisis as seen by magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Brugger P. C. , Prayer D. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) morphology and fetal development of gastroschisis.MethodsTwenty‐seven fetal MRI studies of 24 fetuses (mean gestational age 30 (range, 21–38) weeks), with gastroschisis were retrospectively analyzed. The extra‐ and intra‐abdominal positions of the abdominal organs were assessed on T1‐ and T2‐weighted and steady‐state free‐precession sequences with emphasis on the intra‐abdominal findings.ResultsThird‐trimester fetuses (n = 16) showed a uniform morphology: the extracorporeal bowel included jejunum, ileum and colon except for parts of the sigmoid and the rectum. Intra‐abdominally the stomach was in contact with the left‐sided urinary bladder in 15 of these. Second‐trimester fetuses (n = 8) differed with respect to the amount of intra‐abdominal bowel and had longer sections of the colon and jejunum intra‐abdominally. Intrauterine follow‐up (n = 3) demonstrated exteriorization of these bowel segments. Three third‐trimester fetuses with gastroschisis complicated by small bowel obstruction, in addition to the dilated small bowel loops, had variable lengths of intra‐abdominal colon.ConclusionsFetal development of gastroschisis is a dynamic process lasting until birth. The typical morphology of gastroschisis changes from the second to the third trimester, since intra‐abdominal bowel becomes eventrated by the end of the second trimester. This process of eventration is stopped in cases of intestinal stenosis/atresia caused by narrowing of the abdominal wall defect, resulting in different lengths of intra‐abdominal bowel. The time when this occurs may correlate with the amount of viable bowel in cases of intestinal atresia. The concept presented here explains the findings in closing gastroschisis. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.