bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Konformative Fluoreffekte in der Organokatalyse: eine neuartige Strategie zum molekularen Design
Authors: Zimmer Lucie E. , Sparr Christof , Gilmour Ryan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractStrategien zum molekularen Design, die von den intrinsischen stereoelektronischen und elektrostatischen Effekten fluorierter organischer Moleküle profitieren, sind bisher hauptsächlich auf die bioorganische Chemie beschränkt. Bei vielen konformativen Fluoreffekten handelt es sich zwar um akademische Kuriositäten ohne unmittelbare Anwendung, die Renaissance der Organokatalyse bietet allerdings die Möglichkeit zur Erforschung vieler dieser ausführlich beschriebenen Phänomene zur molekularen Präorganisation. In diesem Kurzaufsatz werden Beispiele zur Verbesserung von Katalysatoren durch die Einführung einer aliphatischen C‐F‐Bindung erläutert, die als eine chemisch inerte dirigierende Gruppe zur Steuerung der Konformation dient.
A comparative study on the properties of the different amino‐functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes reinforced epoxy resin composites
Authors: Zehua Qu , Guojian Wang 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMultiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were amino‐functionalized by 1,2‐ethylenediamine (EDA)' triethylenetetramine (TETA), and dodecylamine (DDA), and investigated by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The dispersion of the DDA functionalized MWCNT in DMF is better than that of the MWCNT functionalized by the EDA and the TETA. Carbon nanotubes reinforced epoxy resin composites were prepared, and the effect of the amino‐functionalization on the properties of the composites was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamical mechanical analysis (DMA), and TGA. The composites reinforced by the MWCNTs demonstrate improvement in various mechanical properties. The increase of Tg of the composites with the addition of amino‐functionalized MWCNT compared to the Tg of the composites with the addition of unfunctionalized MWCNT was due to the chemical combination and the physical entanglements between amino group from modified MWNTs and epoxy group from the epoxy resin. The interfacial bonding between the epoxy and the amino group of the EDA and the TETA‐modified MWCNT is more important than the well dispersion of DDA‐modified MWCNT in the composites for the improvement of the mechanical properties. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Effect of shear history on flow instability at capillary extrusion for long‐chain branched polyethylene
Authors: Monchai Siriprumpoonthum , Mieda Naoya , Anh Doan Vu , Nobukawa Shogo , Yamaguchi Masayuki 
Published: October 2011

AbstractEffect of applied processing history on flow instability at capillary extrusion is studied using a commercially available low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) having long‐chain branches. It is found that processing history in an internal mixer in a molten state depresses long‐time relaxation mechanism associated with long‐chain branches, which is known as “shear modification.” Consequently, the onset of output rate for melt fracture increases greatly. Furthermore, it should be noted that the sample having intense shear history shows shark‐skin failure without volumetric distortion, although it has been believed that LDPE exhibits gross melt fracture at capillary extrusion. The reduction of elongational viscosity by the alignment of long‐chain branches along to the main chain is responsible for the anomalous rheological response. As a result, the sample shows shark‐skin failure like a linear polyethylene at a lower output rate than the critical one for gross melt fracture. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
NLRP1 gene polymorphism influences gene transcription and is a risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis in Han Chinese
Authors: Sui Jiangdong , Li Hua , Fang Yongfei , Liu Yang , Li Minhui , Zhong Bing , Yang Fei , Zou Qiang , Wu Yuzhang 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectiveThe inflammasome‐related protein NLRP1/NALP1 has been implicated in the onset and progression of some autoimmune diseases. This study was undertaken to determine whether a polymorphism in the NLRP1 gene is associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Han Chinese and to assess the functional implications of this association.MethodsRA patients (n = 190) and matched healthy controls (n = 190) residing in the city of Chengdu were genotyped for the NLRP1 promoter polymorphisms rs6502867 and rs878329. Genotyping for rs878329 was performed in a second set of subjects (n = 1,514) residing in the city of Chongqing. The effect of each polymorphism on NLRP1 transcription was evaluated by dual‐luciferase assay, while the effect on DNA protein interaction was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Differential expression of NLRP1 in individuals with different genotypes was investigated by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.ResultsThe polymorphism rs878329, but not rs6502867, was associated with RA (odds ratio [OR] 0.83, P = 0.02 for the C allele; OR 0.42, P = 0.01 for the CC genotype). The GG genotype of rs878329 was the risk genotype for RA (OR 2.38) and had a runt‐related transcription factor 1 binding site that up‐regulated NLRP1 transcription. Individuals with the RA risk genotype GG had significantly higher NLRP1 messenger RNA levels than those with the CC genotype among the Han Chinese population.ConclusionOur findings indicate that NLRP1 is associated with RA in Han Chinese. The G allele of rs878329 in the NLRP1 promoter up‐regulates gene transcription and confers the risk of RA.
Supra‐acetabular external fixation for pelvic fractures: A digital anatomical study
Authors: Wang Fang , Song Haihan , Zhao Fei , Yang Qing , Tang Hao , Ji Xiaoxi , Wang Qian , Wang Zheng , Wang Qiugen 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSupra‐acetabular external fixation is an important tool for pelvic fractures. Understanding the anatomical characteristics of anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) is crucial for the operation. Here, we analyzed the morphology of AIIS and adjacent structures via a digital measurement mode. One hundred and twenty normal pelvic computed tomography (CT) scans were converted into three‐dimensional digital models and their parameters were measured by Geomagics software. We obtained the values of 13 important AIIS anatomical characteristics, which were the perpendicular distance of the anterior superior iliac spine(ASIS) and AIIS (PDASIS‐AIIS), the perpendicular distance between the AIIS and superior pubic tubercle (PDAIIS‐PT), the distance between the AIIS and anterior median line (HDAIIS‐ML), the angle of the pin tract line and the horizontal plane (AHOR), the transverse diameter of AIIS (TD), and the minimum diameter of the pin tract plane (DMIN), etc. Among them, six parameters showed significant difference between male and female (PDASIS‐AIIS: P =0.040, PDAIIS‐PT: P = 0.001, HDAIIS‐ML: P = 0.019, AHOR: P = 0.021, TD: P < 0.001, and DMIN: P = 0.003, respectively). These results provided references in locating pinning site for a safer and more accurate supra‐acetabular external fixation and also suggested that gender difference should be considered during the surgery. Clin. Anat. 25:503–508, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The vertebral venous plexuses: The internal veins are muscular and external veins have valves
Authors: Stringer Mark D. , Restieaux Matthew , Fisher Amanda L. , Crosado Brynley 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe internal and external vertebral venous plexuses (VVP) extend the length of the vertebral column. Authoritative sources state that these veins are devoid of valves, permitting bidirectional blood flow and facilitating the hematogenous spread of malignant tumors that have venous connections with these plexuses. The aim of this investigation was to identify morphologic features that might influence blood flow in the VVP. The VVP of 12 adult cadavers (seven female, mean age 79.5 years) were examined by macro‐ and micro‐dissection and representative veins removed for histology and immunohistochemistry (smooth muscle antibody staining). A total of 26, mostly bicuspid, valves were identified in 19 of 56 veins (34%) from the external VVP, all orientated to promote blood flow towards the internal VVP. The internal VVP was characterized by four main longitudinal channels with transverse interconnections; the maximum caliber of the longitudinal anterior internal VVP veins was significantly greater than their posterior counterparts (P < 0.001). The luminal architecture of the internal VVP veins was striking, consisting of numerous bridging trabeculae (cords, thin membranes and thick bridges) predominantly within the longitudinal venous channels. Trabeculae were composed of collagen and smooth muscle and also contained numerous small arteries and nerve fibers. A similar internal venous trabecular meshwork is known to exist within the dural venous sinuses of the skull. It may serve to prevent venous overdistension or collapse, to regulate the direction and velocity of venous blood flow, or is possibly involved in thermoregulation or other homeostatic processes. Clin. Anat. 25:609–618, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using Social Representations Theory to Examine Lay Explanation of Contemporary Social Crises: The Case of Ireland's Recession
Authors: O'Connor Cliodhna 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTSocial actors operate under a basic imperative to construct explanations for the events that surround them. Many issues that dominate the societal agenda today are not available to direct perception, derive from traditionally expert domains and are relatively remote from immediate local experience. This presents a challenge for lay explanation of these issues. Social representations theory offers a useful framework through which the construction of lay explanation for such issues can be examined. The current study recruited this theoretical framework to investigate lay explanations of the recent economic recession in Ireland. Data consisted of semi‐structured interviews with 14 members of the public and a web‐based survey (N = 138). The data suggested that explanations for the recession could be organised into three major themes: Power, Ordinary People and Fatalism. Strictly economic explanations were eschewed; instead, people drew upon a wide range of ideas about society, politics, morality, public spheres and personhood. The implications of these findings for understanding lay explanation of contemporary social crises are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catalytic Hydrofunctionalization of Alkynes through PH Bond Addition: The Unique Role of Orientation and Properties of the Phosphorus Group in the Insertion Step
Authors: Ananikov Valentine P. , Makarov Anton V. , Beletskaya Irina P. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe puzzling question of alkyne insertion into PdP and PdH bonds leading to the formation of new PdC, CP, and CH bonds was explored by theoretical calculations at the CCSD(T) and B3LYP levels of theory. The key factors responsible for selectivity of catalytic hydrofunctionalization of alkynes were resolved and studied in details for the models of hydrophosphorylation, hydrophosphinylation, and hydrophospination reactions. In contrast with the generally accepted mechanistic picture, the calculations have shown that several pathways are possible depending on the nature and geometrical arrangement of the phosphorus group. It was found that the product of alkyne insertion into the metal–hydrogen bond should be easily formed under kinetic‐control conditions, while the product of alkyne insertion into the metal–phosphorus bond may be formed in certain cases under thermodynamic control. For the first time, the calculations have revealed the role of the oxygen atom in the reactivity of P=P(O)R2 groups and the role of the interactions involving the lone pair of the P=PR2 group in the reagent. The fundamental properties of the PdP, CP, and PH bonds were reported, and the larger bond strength upon increasing the number of oxygen atoms bound to phosphorus (P=PR2, P(O)R2, and P(O)(OR)2) have been shown. The relationship between bond energy, acidity, and reactivity of the studied phosphorus compounds has been determined.
A Base‐Free Thorium–Terminal‐Imido Metallocene: Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity
Authors: Ren Wenshan , Zi Guofu , Fang De‐Cai , Walter Marc D. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe synthesis, structure, and reactivity of a base‐free thorium terminal‐imido metallocene have been comprehensively studied. Treatment of thorium metallocenes [{η5‐1,2,4‐(Me3C)3C5H2}2ThMe2] and [{η5‐1,3‐(Me3C)2C5H3}2ThMe2] with RNH2 gives diamides [{η5‐1,2,4‐(Me3C)3C5H2}2Th(NHR)2] (R=Me (7), p‐tolyl (8)) and [{η5‐1,3‐(Me3C)2C5H3}2Th(NH‐p‐tolyl)2] (9), respectively. Diamides 7 and 9 do not eliminate methylamine or p‐toluidine, but sublime without decomposition at 150 °C under vacuum (0.01 mmHg), whereas diamide 8 is converted at 140 °C/0.01 mmHg into the primary amine p‐tolyl‐NH2 and [{η5‐1,2,4‐(Me3C)3C5H2}2ThN(p‐tolyl)] (10), which may be isolated in pure form. Imido metallocene 10 does not react with electrophiles such as alkylsilyl halides; however, it reacts with electron‐rich or unsaturated reagents. For example, reaction of 10 with sulfur affords the metallacycle [{η5‐1,2,4‐(Me3C)3C5H2}2Th{N(p‐tolyl)S‐S}]. Imido 10 is an important intermediate in the catalytic hydroamination of internal alkynes, and an efficient catalyst for the trimerization of PhCN. Density functional theory (DFT) studies provide a detailed understanding of the experimentally observed reactivity patterns.
Natural killer cells and T cells induce different types ofskin reactions during recall responses to haptens
Authors: Rouzaire Paul , Luci Carmelo , Blasco Elisabeth , Bienvenu Jacques , Walzer Thierry , Nicolas Jean‐François , Hennino Ana 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe role of T cells in contact hypersensitivity (CHS) to haptens has been well described. However, recent reports demonstrated that CHS‐like reactions to experimental haptens could be induced in mice deficient in T cells and B cells, as a result of adaptive‐like features of NK cells. Here, we compared hapten‐specific inflammatory reactions induced by memory T cells or NK cells. Classical CHS protocols were applied to WT or T‐ and B‐cell deficient mice. Adoptive transfers of hapten‐specific T cells and NK cells were also performed. Liver NK cells from hapten‐primed mice induced specific recall responses to haptens upon transfer in CD3ε‐deficient mice, thus confirming the existence of “memory” NK cells in the liver. We investigated the nature of the inflammation generated in these transfer conditions and found that hapten‐induced skin inflammation mediated by CD8+ T cells or “memory” NK cells are different. Indeed, ear swelling induced by memory NK cells was transient and not associated with cellular infiltrate and inflammation markers, characteristic for T‐cell‐mediated responses. Thus, NK cells and T cells mediate distinct forms of skin inflammation. NK cell‐mediated pathogenesis does not rely on cellular infiltrate and could be involved in atypical forms of adverse drug reactions.
The gene expression profile of phosphoantigen‐specific human γδ T lymphocytes is a blend of αβ T‐cell and NK‐cell signatures
Authors: Pont Fréderic , Familiades Julien , Déjean Sébastien , Fruchon Séverine , Cendron Delphine , Poupot Mary , Poupot Rémy , L'Faqihi‐Olive Fatima , Prade Nais , Ycart Bernard , Fournié Jean‐Jacques 
Published: October 2011

AbstractGlobal transcriptional technologies have revolutionised the study of lymphoid cell populations, but human γδ T lymphocytes specific for phosphoantigens remain far less deeply characterised by these methods despite the great therapeutic potential of these cells. Here we analyse the transcriptome of circulating TCRVγ+ γδ T cells isolated from healthy individuals, and their relation with those from other lymphoid cell subsets. We report that the gene signature of phosphoantigen‐specific TCRVγ+ γδ T cells is a hybrid of those from αβ T and NK cells, with more ‘NK‐cell’ genes than αβ T cells have and more ‘T‐cell’ genes than NK cells. The expression profile of TCRVγ+ γδ T cells stimulated with phosphoantigen recapitulates their immediate physiological functions: Th1 cytokine, chemokine and cytotoxic activities reflect their high mitotic activity at later time points and do not indicate antigen‐presenting functions. Finally, such hallmarks make the transcriptome of γδ T cells, whether resting or clonally expanding, clearly distinctive from that of NK/T or peripheral T‐cell lymphomas of the γδ subtype.
In situ quality evaluation ofCamelina sativalandrace
Authors: Hrastar Robert , Abramovič Helena , Košir Iztok Jože 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCamelina sativais an alternative, low input oilseed crop with oil of high nutritional value. In Slovenia,C. sativalandrace has been grown by local farmers in the Koroška region since the middle of the 20th century. In our study, we determined oil and glucosinolate content (GLS) of camelina seed and free fatty acid (FFA), peroxide value (PV), iodine value (IV), tocopherol contents (T), and fatty acid profile of camelina oil from ten locations over three consecutive growing seasons. The oil content ranged from 28.78 to 40.21%, while IV, PV, and FFA fell into a range that makes this oil useful in various nutritional applications. Camelina was remarkably rich in essentialn − 3 α‐linolenic acid (33.32–37.65%) and γ‐T (532–798 mg/kg) in oil, and GLS (16.39–41.43 µmol/g) in seed. Due to observed variability, it seems that the seed and oil characteristics ofC. sativalandrace are affected by the local environmental conditions at a specific farm location and by variable genotypes between farms as a result of a more than half a century of environmental selection.Practical applications:Camelina sativalandrace in Koroška, Slovenia has a long history. The agricultural environment together with the traditional diet of this region ensures preservation of this landrace and limits diffusion of modern hybrids. This plant variety has not been characterized yet. The important seed and oil quality parameters presented in this work will be useful for the determination of the nutritional value of the oil, recognizing Slovenian camelina oil as a unique vegetable oil with specific geographic origin as well as focal point for plant breeders.
Two experimental tests of trust in in‐group strangers: The moderating role of common knowledge of group membership
Authors: Platow Michael J. , Foddy Margaret , Yamagishi Toshio , Lim Li , Chow Aurore 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe role that shared group membership plays in decisions to trust others is now well established within social psychology. A close reading of this literature, however, shows that this process is often moderated by other variables. Currently, we examined one potential moderator of this process. In particular, we evaluated the role that common knowledge of a shared social group membership between self and a to‐be‐trusted stranger provides as a basis for trusting this stranger. This common knowledge emerges when the truster knows the group membership of the to‐be‐trusted other, and believes that this other also knows the group membership of the truster. In two experiments, using pre‐existing and minimal groups, we show that people are more likely to trust an in‐group member over an out‐group member under conditions of common group‐membership knowledge rather than private group‐membership knowledge (i.e. other does not know truster's group), even when they could choose not to trust anyone. The manner in which these data add to current understandings of group‐based trust in strangers is discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of genotoxicity induced by 7,12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene or diethylnitrosamine in the Pig‐a, micronucleus and Comet assays integrated into 28‐day repeat dose studies
Authors: Shi Jing , Krsmanovic Ljubica , Bruce Shannon , Kelly Tawney , Paranjpe Madhav , Szabo Kathleen , Arevalo Mirna , Atta‐Safoh Samual , Debelie Fekado , LaForce Michelle Klug , Sly Jamie , Springer Sandra 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAs part of the Stage 3 of the Pig‐a international trial, we evaluated 7,12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) for induction of Pig‐a gene mutation using a 28‐day repeat dose study design in Sprague‐Dawley rats. In the same study, chromosomal damage in peripheral blood and primary DNA damage in liver were also investigated by the micronucleus (MN) assay and the Comet assay, respectively. In agreement with previously published data (Dertinger et al., [2010]: Toxicol Sci 115:401‐411), DMBA induced dose‐dependent increases of CD59‐negative erythrocytes/reticulocytes and micronucleated reticulocytes (MN‐RETs). However, there was no significant increase in DNA damage in the liver cells when tested up to 10 mg/kg/day, which appears to be below the maximum tolerated dose. When tested up to 200 mg/kg/day in a follow‐up 3 dose study, DMBA was positive in the liver Comet assay. Additionally, we evaluated diethylnitrosamine (DEN), a known mutagen/hepatocarcinogen, for induction of Pig‐a mutation, MN and DNA damage in a 28‐day study. DEN produced negative results in both the Pig‐a mutation assay and the MN assay, but induced dose‐dependent increases of DNA damage in the liver and blood Comet assay. In summary, our results demonstrated that the Pig‐a mutation assay can be effectively integrated into repeat dose studies and the data are highly reproducible between different laboratories. Also, integration of multiple genotoxicity endpoints into the same study not only provides a comprehensive evaluation of the genotoxic potential of test chemicals, but also reduces the number of animals needed for testing, especially when more than one in vivo genotoxicity tests are required. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 52:711–720,. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Male Eating Disorder Patients With and Without Non‐suicidal Self‐injury: A Comparison of Psychopathological and Personality Features
Authors: Claes Laurence , Jiménez‐Murcia Susana , Agüera Zaida , Castro Rita , Sánchez Isabel , Menchón Jose Manuel , Fernández‐Aranda Fernando 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn the present study, we investigated the prevalence and comorbidity of non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) in male eating disorder (ED) patients. In total, 130 male ED patients completed a list of 10 impulse‐control problems (including NSSI), the Eating Disorder Inventory‐2, the Symptom Checklist‐90‐Revised and the Temperament and Character Inventory. Overall, 21% of the male ED patients (n = 27) engaged in at least one type of NSSI, and we did not find significant differences between the ED subtypes. Self‐injurious male ED patients showed significantly more severe ED symptoms and more affective, interpersonal and impulse‐control problems than ED patients without NSSI. As previously described in female ED, our data confirm the affect regulation and impulse regulation functions of NSSI in male ED patients. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.