bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential Expression of the Chlamydomonas [FeFe]-Hydrogenase-Encoding HYDA1 Gene Is Regulated by the COPPER RESPONSE REGULATOR1
Authors: Pape Miriam , Lambertz Camilla , Happe Thomas , Hemschemeier Anja 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii adapts to anaerobic or hypoxic conditions by developing a complex fermentative metabolism including the production of molecular hydrogen by [FeFe]-hydrogenase isoform1 (HYDA1). HYDA1 transcript and hydrogenase protein accumulate in the absence of oxygen or copper (Cu). Factors regulating this differential gene expression have been unknown so far. In this study, we report on the isolation of a Chlamydomonas mutant strain impaired in HYDA1 gene expression by screening an insertional mutagenesis library for HYDA1 promoter activity using the arylsulfatase-encoding ARYLSULFATASE2 gene as a selection marker. The mutant strain has a deletion of the COPPER RESPONSE REGULATOR1 (CRR1) gene encoding for CRR1, indicating that this SQUAMOSA-PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN (SBP) domain transcription factor is involved in the regulation of HYDA1 transcription. Treating the C. reinhardtii wild type with mercuric ions, which were shown to inhibit the binding of the SBP domain to DNA, prevented or deactivated HYDA1 gene expression. Reporter gene analyses of the HYDA1 promoter revealed that two GTAC motifs, which are known to be the cores of CRR1 binding sites, are necessary for full promoter activity in hypoxic conditions or upon Cu starvation. However, mutations of the GTAC sites had a much stronger impact on reporter gene expression in Cu-deficient cells. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that the CRR1 SBP domain binds to one of the GTAC cores in vitro. These combined results prove that CRR1 is involved in HYDA1 promoter activation.
Polymorphic miRNA‐mediated gene contribution to inhibitor development in haemophilia A
Authors: Bafunno V. , Santacroce R. , Chetta M. , Peyvandi F. , Sessa F. , Chinni E. , Longo V. , Margaglione M. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryDevelopment of inhibitory antibodies is perhaps the most serious complication of FVIII replacement therapy, precluding efficient clinical management of patients with haemophilia A (HA). The development and function of immune system are also regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). Mutations and changes in the level of expression of some miRNA genes have been associated with the onset and progression of immunological disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate new genetic polymorphisms in loci for miRNA and their targets to evaluate whether these SNPs may confer susceptibility to inhibitor development in patients with HA. Italian HA patients with and without inhibitors and healthy controls were recruited in this study. For SNP analysis, standard DNA sequencing method was used. We have studied four SNPs, i.e. rs36101366, rs34683807, rs1803603 and rs3024496 located in the 3′UTR of F8 and IL‐10 genes. These SNPs have been checked for their frequencies in patients with and without inhibitors, but no statistically significant differences were found. Then, we have searched for other genetic variants in loci for haematopoietic‐specific miRNAs, i.e. hsa‐mir‐150, hsa‐mir‐155, hsa‐mir‐146a, hsa‐mir‐142, hsa‐mir‐181a and in a specific miRNA, hsa‐mir‐1184, i.e. predicted to be located in the intron 22 of F8 gene. For all miRNAs selected, we did not identify any sequence variation in our study population. This is the first study to demonstrate that there was no association between selected SNPs in miRNAs and their targets and the susceptibility to inhibitor development in people affected by HA.
Solvent‐free tissue processing using supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Bleuel Erik P , Roebers Thijs P C , Schulting Edwin , den Dunnen Wilfred F A 
Published: June 2012

Bleuel E P, Roebers T P C, Schulting E & den Dunnen W F A  (2012) Histopathology Solvent‐free tissue processing using supercritical carbon dioxideAims:  Xylene is most often employed in tissue processing protocols for paraffin embedding, but poses a health hazard. The aim of this study was to evaluate a solvent‐free processing protocol that uses supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as an intermediate.Methods and Results:  A series of tests (with bovine tissues) was run, evaluating dehydration and tissue shrinkage in our new scCO2‐based protocol as compared with routine processing using a graded ethanol and xylene series. A series of tests was then run to evaluate the significance of processing parameters for the outcome. Finally, a validation series was performed with optimal conditions, testing various human tissues with several staining methods. The tissue water content after paraffination was the same with our new scCO2‐based protocol and the routine xylene‐based protocol. Tissue shrinkage was similar with the two methods, at ∼15%, which is also similar to values in the literature. In the validation series, the human tissues showed good morphology with strong staining, probably because of stronger antigenicity.Conclusions:  This scCO2‐based protocol has been shown to be a good solvent‐free, alternative form of tissue processing. Although not the focus of this article, the time needed for tissue processing with this new protocol is within 4 h, and there is no need to change macroscopy/sectioning protocols.
Sequence‐based HLA high‐resolution typing of a bone marrow donor/recipient pair reveals the novel HLA allele HLA‐C*07:208
Authors: Zhang W. , Wang W. , He J. , Zhu F‐M. , Lv H‐J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractNucleotide sequence of HLA‐C*07:208 allele was different from that of HLA‐C*07:02:01:01 by a single‐nucleotide substitution at position 475 G>C.
Follicular carcinoma of thyroid following successful liver transplantation – A report
Authors: Dantuluri Sri , Urs Arun , Karthik Sivaramakrishnan Venkatesh 
Published: June 2012

Dantuluri S, Urs A, Karthik SV. Follicular carcinoma of thyroid following successful liver transplantation – A report.Abstract:  Follicular carcinoma of the thyroid is a relatively rare malignancy in childhood even in paediatric solid organ transplant recipients. The risk of developing de novo malignancies after liver transplantation is higher compared to the general population. We report an 18‐yr‐old girl who had successfully undergone liver transplantation five yr earlier for neonatal sclerosing cholangitis complicated by the development of dysplastic nodules. Baseline immunosuppression was with tacrolimus and prednisolone. Mycophenolate mofetil was later added in view of steroid‐resistant episodes of graft rejection. She subsequently suffered from marked obesity and essential hypertension needing antihypertensive medication. Five yr after liver transplantation, she presented with a right‐sided thyroid swelling that was rapidly progressive with no associated lymphadenopathy and normal systemic examination. Ultrasound of her neck revealed a solid lesion in the right lobe of the thyroid gland with ill‐defined margins, and a diagnostic right thyroid lobectomy confirmed the diagnosis of follicular carcinoma with focal capsular and vascular invasion. She underwent total thyroidectomy and currently remains well on thyroxine supplements. Our report highlights the need for high level of suspicion and prompt investigation into any abnormal lesion in the long‐term follow‐up of solid organ transplant recipients.
Antibodies to the glutamate receptor in mania
Authors: Dickerson Faith , Stallings Cassie , Vaughan Crystal , Origoni Andrea , Khushalani Sunil , Yolken Robert 
Published: June 2012

Dickerson F, Stallings C, Vaughan C, Origoni A, Khushalani S, Yolken R. Antibodies to the glutamate receptor in mania. Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 547–553. © 2012 The Authors.Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Background:  There is evidence that the glutamatergic system is involved in the pathophysiology of mania. Antibodies to the NR2 subunits of the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor have been shown to adversely affect glutamate functioning.Methods:  We measured serum antibodies to the NR2 peptide of the NMDA receptor in 60 individuals with different subtypes of mania, including schizoaffective cases, who were assessed at up to three time points. We also measured these antibodies in 295 individuals in other psychiatric groups and in 170 non‐psychiatric controls. NR2 antibody levels were compared among groups by multivariate analyses and within the mania group by repeated measures analysis of variance.Results:  Individuals with mania had increased levels of antibodies to the NR2 peptide compared to levels in non‐psychiatric controls when measured at the time of admission (t = 2.99, p = 0.003) and the time of evaluation (t = 2.57, p = 0.010), but not at follow‐up six months later. The levels of antibodies in individuals in other psychiatric groups did not differ significantly from the levels measured in the control population. Within the mania group, there was a significant decrease in antibody levels over the three time points of the study (F = 5.4, df = 2, p = 0.0067).Conclusions:  NR2 antibodies are elevated during the acute phase of mania but not at follow‐up. Our findings support a role for antibodies to the NMDA receptor in the pathogenesis of acute mania.
Circumscribed alopecia areata incognita
Authors: Park Jin , Song Ki‐Hun , Nam Kyung‐Hwa 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThe characteristic lesion of alopecia areata is a smooth bald patch on the scalp. When there is no bald surface it is called alopecia areata incognita. To date, all cases of alopecia areata reported as so‐called ‘incognito’ have shown a diffuse involvement of the scalp as in acute telogen effluvium. Recently, we have observed two patients who showed localised hair thinning of the scalp without bald spots. Histopathologically, the lesions were typical of alopecia areata with peribulbar lymphocytic infiltrates. The response to corticosteroid treatment and its clinical course were also compatible with alopecia areata.
The increased prevalence of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in psoriatic patients: A study from South India
Authors: Madanagobalane Shraddha , Anandan Sankarasubramanian 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTBackground:  Psoriasis is an inflammatory disease of the skin and joints. Previous studies have shown a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in psoriatic patients. Recent studies show that non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is also frequent in psoriasis patients.Objectives:  To investigate the occurrence and severity of NAFLD in South Indian psoriatic patients and healthy controls.Methods:  In phase 1 we performed a case control study on 333 adult psoriasis patients and 330 controls matched by age, sex and body mass index. NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasonography and liver enzymes after excluding other liver diseases. In phase 2 we compared the NAFLD subgroups in psoriasis patients and controls by determining their fibrosis, steatosis and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) scores.Results:  The occurrence of NAFLD was higher in psoriasis patients than in controls (17.4 vs 7.9%; P = 0.002). NAFLD patients in the psoriasis group (n = 58) were more likely to have MS (P = 0.03) and diabetes (P = 0.02) than those with psoriasis alone (n = 254). The former group had a longer duration of psoriasis and arthritis (P = 0.003 and 0.005). Psoriasis patients with NAFLD had more severe disease as per the psoriasis area and severity index scores (P = 0.02). Psoriasis patients had more severe NAFLD than controls as reflected by the steatosis, NASH and fibrosis scores (P = 0.001, 0.003, 0.03 respectively).Conclusion:  NAFLD is the commonest liver disease in Indian psoriatic patients when compared to controls. As NAFLD is more severe in psoriasis patients we suggest routine screening for NAFLD in this group especially when systemic therapy is considered.
Persistence of flower visitors and pollination services of a generalist tree in modified forests
Authors: NEUSCHULZ EIKE L. , GRASS INGO , BOTZAT ALEXANDRA , JOHNSON STEVEN D. , FARWIG NINA 
Published: June 2012

AbstractFlower‐visiting insects provide essential pollination services to many plant species. It is thus of critical importance to understand the effects of anthropogenic landscape modification on these animals. Particularly at the landscape scale, we still lack information on how flower visitors are affected by different intensities of human disturbance. In this study, we chose six representative types of forest modification across a heterogeneous South African landscape. At 36 study sites we observed insect visitation to Celtis africana flowers in two consecutive years. This generalist tree species has small unspecialized flowers which we found to be pollinated by a diverse array of insects as well as by wind. Visitation rates to flowers of C. africana differed significantly among the six forest types and between two study years. Visitation rates were enhanced in modified forests, facilitated by a high abundance of feral honeybees (Apis mellifera). Fruit set in C. africana showed significant positive associations with insect visitation and with the diversity of flower visitors, but was only weakly predicted by forest type. Our findings imply that even though forest modification can strongly alter flower visitors, pollination services for trees with unspecialized flowers may persist at a landscape scale. We advise conservation managers to maintain modified forest fragments in addition to natural forests as these may contribute to sustain pollination services in human‐modified landscapes.
Progress in the application of notch asymptotics to the understanding of complete contacts subject to fretting fatigue
Authors: FLICEK R. , HILLS D.A. , DINI D. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper describes progress in the interpretation of notch fatigue data by re‐working the Williams solution to bring out the effects of mode mixity and the limits of small scale yielding. The results are displayed in KI versus KII space. Experimental results from complete fretting fatigue tests using a high strength steel alloy known as “super CMV” are then plotted out on this diagram and it is shown that the fretting damage does not significantly reduce fatigue life, while the stress localisation effects of adhered pad edges does.
Do proconvulsants modify or halt epileptogenesis? Pentylenetetrazole is ineffective in two rat models of temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Rattka Marta , Brandt Claudia , Löscher Wolfgang 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn patients at risk of developing epilepsy after an initial precipitating injury to the brain, the epileptogenic latent period may offer a window of opportunity for initiating potential antiepileptogenic therapy in an attempt to prevent epilepsy from developing. One potential target for antiepileptogenesis is the development of neuronal hyperexcitability during the latent period. Surprisingly, some recent studies in models of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) have suggested that proconvulsant drugs could have favourable effects on epileptogenesis, resulting in the proposal of pursuing proconvulsant prophylaxis for epileptogenesis. In the present study, we evaluated this provocative hypothesis by experiments with the GABAA receptor antagonist pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in two TLE models, the intrahippocampal kainate model and the lithium–pilocarpine model in rats. First, we repeatedly determined the PTZ seizure threshold by i.v. infusion of the convulsant during the latent period following intrahippocampal kainate. In line with recent experiments in the lithium–pilocarpine model, the PTZ seizure threshold was significantly decreased over several days following status epilepticus. We then studied whether prolonged infusion of a proconvulsant dose of PTZ at different times after kainate or pilocarpine affected the development of epilepsy. PTZ did not prevent the development of spontaneous recurrent seizures and did not decrease their frequency or severity, but exerted only a moderate disease‐modifying effect in that spontaneous seizures in the kainate model were significantly shortened. These data indicate that administration of proconvulsant drugs such as PTZ during the latent period following SE is not a promising strategy for preventing epilepsy.
The development, distribution and density of the plasma membrane calcium ATPase 2 calcium pump in rat cochlear hair cells
Authors: Chen Qingguo , Mahendrasingam Shanthini , Tickle Jacqueline A. , Hackney Carole M. , Furness David N. , Fettiplace Robert 
Published: June 2012

AbstractCalcium is tightly regulated in cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs). It enters mainly via mechanotransducer (MT) channels and is extruded by the plasma membrane calcium ATPase (PMCA)2 isoform of the PMCA, mutations in which cause hearing loss. To assess how pump expression matches the demands of Ca2+ homeostasis, the distribution of PMCA2 at different cochlear locations during development was quantified using immunofluorescence and post‐embedding immunogold labeling. The PMCA2 isoform was confined to stereociliary bundles, first appearing at the base of the cochlea around post‐natal day (P)0 followed by the middle and then the apex by P3, and was unchanged after P8. The developmental appearance matched the maturation of the MT channels in rat OHCs. High‐resolution immunogold labeling in adult rats showed that PMCA2 was distributed along the membranes of all three rows of OHC stereocilia at similar densities and at about a quarter of the density in inner hair cell stereocilia. The difference between OHCs and inner hair cells was similar to the ratio of their MT channel resting open probabilities. Gold particle counts revealed no difference in PMCA2 density between low‐ and high‐frequency OHC bundles despite larger MT currents in high‐frequency OHCs. The PMCA2 density in OHC stereocilia was determined in low‐ and high‐frequency regions from calibration of immunogold particle counts as 2200/μm2 from which an extrusion rate of ∼200 ions/s per pump was inferred. The limited ability of PMCA2 to extrude the Ca2+ load through MT channels may constitute a major cause of OHC vulnerability and high‐frequency hearing loss.
Apparent signal of competition limiting diversification after ecological transitions from marine to freshwater habitats
Authors: Betancur‐R. Ricardo , Ortí Guillermo , Stein Ariel M. , Marceniuk Alexandre P. , Alexander Pyron R. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAdaptive radiations are typically triggered when a lineage encounters a significant range of open niche space (ecological opportunity), stemming from colonisation of new areas, extinction of competitors or key innovations. The most well‐known of these is the colonisation of new areas, through either dispersal into new regions or the invasion of novel ecological regimes. One aspect of ecological opportunity that has rarely been studied, however, is the extent to which pre‐existent competitors act to limit diversification in newly colonised adaptive zones. Herein, we show that in multiple geographically independent invasions of freshwaters by marine Sea Catfishes (Ariidae), rates of both morphological disparification and lineage diversification are inversely related to the presence and diversity of other freshwater fish lineages. Only in one region (Australia‐New Guinea) with an otherwise depauperate freshwater fauna, has an ariid invasion gained any substantial traction. This is true at both regional and community scales, suggesting that competitive constraints may be an important factor regulating adaptive radiation.
Overexpression of high mobility group box 1 with poor prognosis in patients after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Li Tao , Gui Yaping , Yuan Tao , Liao Guoqiang , Bian Cuidong , Jiang Qiquan , Huang Shengsong , Liu Bo , Wu Denglong 
Published: June 2012

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Recent studies have indicated that high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is related to the development and progression of human carcinomas. However, further studies were required to confirm the roles played by HMGB1 in clinical prostate cancer treatment.We investigated the relationship between HMGB1 expression and the characteristics of prostate cancer, and also evaluated the significance of HMGB1 as a prognostic factor for biochemical recurrence‐free survival after radical prostatectomy.OBJECTIVE
To investigate high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) expression in human prostate cancer (PC) cell lines and its prognostic significance after radical prostatectomy (RP).
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to detect HMGB1 mRNA and protein expression in PC cell lines.
Immunohistochemistry coupled with the tissue microarray technique was performed to evaluate HMGB1 protein expression in 168 primary prostatectomy tissue samples.
Clinicopathological features were compared between positive and negative HMGB1 protein expression groups.
Kaplan–Meier and multivariate Cox analyses were applied to determine the prognostic value of HMGB1 protein expression on biochemical recurrence (BCR) for patients with PC who were undergoing RP.
RESULTS
There were three PC cells (DU145, PC‐3 and LNCaP) with overexpression of HMGB1 mRNA and protein compared to the non‐transformed immortalized prostate cell RWPE‐1.
A total of 60.1% (101/168) of the PC samples appeared to have positive protein expression of HMGB1.
HMGB1 protein expression was correlated with some clinicopathological parameters, such as pathological stage (pT) (P= 0.011), Gleason score, preoperative prostate‐specific antigen concentration and BCR (P < 0.001, respectively).
Positive HMGB1 immunostaining in patients with PC who were undergoing RP was significantly associated with poor median BCR‐free survival (23.1 months vs 15.6 months) (P < 0.001).
Multivariate analysis indicated that HMGB1 protein expression was an independent prognostic factor for BCR‐free survival after RP (hazard ratio = 2.348, 95% confidence interval = 1.373–6.361, P= 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Up‐regulation of HMGB1 mRNA and protein concentrations was confirmed in PC cells.
HMGB1 expression may contribute to the malignant progression of PC.
HMGB1 presents as a novel prognostic factor for BCR after RP.