bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of care needs of people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) on a cognitive, emotional and behavioural level
Authors: Jennekens Natasja , De Casterlé Bernadette Dierckx , Dobbels Fabienne 
Published: April 2010

Aims and objectives.  To gain an insight into the neuropsychological care needs on a cognitive, emotional and/or behavioural level from the perspective of the person living with minor traumatic brain injury.Design.  A systematic literature review.Method.  Medline, Psychlit, CINAHL, Cochrane and Scholar databases (1995–2007) were searched.Results.  The research has lead to three large‐scale, American surveys on people with minor, moderate or severe traumatic brain injury. None of the surveys focused only on minor traumatic brain injury. The surveys did not made a distinction with respect to seriousness of the brain damage and the corresponding needs. In general, people with traumatic brain injury prove to have important continuing neuropsychological care needs in the chronic phase. On a cognitive level, there seems to be a particular need for aid with memory problems and problem‐solving skills. The main emotional needs are help with one’s ‘mood’, mood swings and learning how to deal with stress. For the behavioural problems, there is a particular need to help control one’s temperament. The need for care, especially for cognitive and behavioural problems, seems to increase with time. The professional help offered in the long term after the traumatic event likewise seems to be inadequate.Conclusion.  The results of this systematic review show that we know very little about the precise needs of people with minor chronic traumatic brain injury. To change this, qualitative research is needed, allowing an in‐depth analysis of the needs and experiences of patients currently living with traumatic brain injury.Relevance to clinical practice.  A better knowledge and understanding of the neuropsychological needs of patients with traumatic brain injury will help health care providers to offer more effective care.
The effect of crossing legs on blood pressure in hypertensive patients
Authors: Pinar Rukiye , Ataalkin Sıddıka , Watson Roger 
Published: April 2010

Aims.  The aim of this study was to examine whether there is any difference between BP readings with patients crossing a leg at the knee level and uncrossing during BP measurement.Background.  It is clear that numerous factors influence an individual’s blood pressure (BP) measurement. However, guidelines for accurately measuring BP inconsistently specify that the patient should keep feet flat on the floor.Design.  Repeated measures.Method.  Using a mercury‐filled column sphygmomanometer, BP was measured at uncrossed leg position, crossed leg position and again at uncrossed leg position in 283 unmedicated or medicated patients. Three experienced nurses specially trained for the study performed BP measurements.Results.  The results indicated that BP increased significantly with the crossed leg position. Systolic and diastolic BP significantly increased approximately 10 and 8 mmHg, respectively.Conclusion.  Crossing the leg at knee results in a significant increase in BP.Relevance to clinical practice.  Leg position during measurement of BP should be standardised and mentioned in publications.
Women’s postoperative experiences before and after the introduction of spinal opioids in anaesthesia for caesarean section
Authors: Karlström Annika , Engström‐Olofsson Regina , Nystedt Astrid , Sjöling Mats , Hildingsson Ingegerd 
Published: April 2010

Aim.  The aim was to evaluate a new anaesthetic routine and to study the effect of spinal opioids for caesarean section on postoperative pain, expectations of pain, satisfaction with pain treatment, breastfeeding, infant care and length of hospital stay.Background.  Inadequate postoperative pain relief is a problem among hospitalised patients. Women undergoing caesarean section have been shown to experience high levels of pain during the first days after operation. Women are expected to breastfeed and care for their newborn while recovering from major abdominal surgery and sufficient pain relief are of importance.Design.  Comparative patient survey.Methods.  Data were collected through a questionnaire distributed to two independent samples of women undergoing elective and emergency caesarean section before and after the introduction of an additive of opioids in obstetric spinal anaesthesia. Chi‐square tests were performed, and risk ratios were used for bivariate analysis. Logistic regression modelling was used for multivariate analysis.Results.  The group of women undergoing caesarean section with opioids added to the spinal anaesthesia reported significantly lower levels of experienced pain. High pain levels irrespective of mode of caesarean section affected breastfeeding and infant care. Length of hospital stay for caesarean women was shortened and the consumption of analgesics was reduced.Conclusions.  Women receiving an additive of opioids in spinal anaesthesia experienced lower levels of pain. Low pain levels facilitate breastfeeding and infant care and are of relevance for financial considerations.Relevance to clinical practice.  The results of this study indicate that spinal opioids for women undergoing caesarean section have a positive effect on the postoperative pain experience. Women undergoing caesarean section and have high pain levels are in special need of attention and care because of a higher risk of a decreased ability to breastfeed and to take care of their newborn.
Left ventricle remodelling is associated with sleep‐disordered breathing in non‐ischaemic cardiopathy with systolic dysfunction
Authors: DAMY THIBAUD , PAULINO ALEXANDRA , MARGARIT LAURENT , DROUOT XAVIER , STOICA MARIA , VERMES EMMANUELLE , GUERET PASCAL , ADNOT SERGE , DUBOIS RANDE JEAN‐LUC , D'’ORTHO MARIE‐PIA , HITTINGER LUC 
Published: April 2010

SummarySleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) is associated with left ventricle (LV) remodelling in patients with normal LV function. Sleep‐disordered breathing is common in chronic heart failure (CHF) with systolic LV dysfunction, and may contribute to LV remodelling and CHF progression. Our aim was to determine the consequence of SDB on LV geometry in patients with CHF. We hypothesised that SDB severity was correlated with the degree of LV hypertrophy (LVH). One‐hundred and sixty patients with CHF with a non‐ischaemic systolic LV dysfunction were assessed by overnight polygraphy and echocardiography. Patients were classified in four groups according to their apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI): <5 (no‐SDB); 5–14 (mild); 15–29 (moderate); ≥30 (severe). Left ventricular mass index (LVM Ind) was calculated using the usual echocardiographic M‐Mode parameters. Their mean age, New York Heart Association and left ventricular ejection fraction were, respectively: 56 ± 13 years, 2.4 ± 0.8 and 30 ± 10%, and 77% were men. Body mass index, interventricular septal and posterior LV wall thicknesses, and LVM Ind were significantly increased in severe SDB versus no‐SDB. LVM Ind was correlated to the AHI (R = 0.27, P = 0.0006) and, using logistic regression, AHI was the unique independent factor of LVH in this population. In non‐ischaemic CHF, SDB severity is associated with LV remodelling.
Maternal use of nicotine replacement therapy during pregnancy and offspring birthweight: a study within the Danish National Birth Cohort
Authors: Lassen Tina H. , Madsen Mia , Skovgaard Lene T. , Strandberg‐Larsen Katrine , Olsen Jørn , Andersen Anne‐Marie N. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryLassen TH, Madsen M, Skovgaard LT, Strandberg‐Larsen K, Olsen J, Andersen A‐MN. Maternal use of nicotine replacement therapy during pregnancy and offspring birthweight: a study within the Danish National Birth Cohort. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2010; 24: 272–281.Smoking is a well‐established risk factor for fetal growth restriction and other adverse pregnancy outcomes, and nicotine may be one of the chemical compounds that drive these associations. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is a smoking cessation aid, which can facilitate smoking cessation. It is, however, unknown whether NRT used during pregnancy impairs fetal growth. The aim of this study was to estimate the association between the use of NRT during pregnancy and offspring birthweight. The study population consisted of 72 761 women enrolled in the Danish National Birth Cohort between 1996 and 2002. Information on NRT and potential confounders was obtained from two computer‐assisted telephone interviews conducted in the second and third trimesters, respectively. Multiple linear regression in a multilevel model was used to estimate the association between NRT use and birthweight adjusted for gestational age and potential confounders.The adjusted analyses showed no significant association between the duration of NRT use and birthweight (b = 0.25 g per week of NRT use [95% CI −2.31, 2.81]) and neither was the type of NRT product (patch, gum, inhaler) associated with reduced birthweight. However, simultaneous use of more than one NRT product was associated with reduced birthweight (b = −10.73 g per week of NRT use [95% CI −26.51, 5.05]), although the association was not statistically significant. The results of this study suggest that maternal use of NRT in pregnancy does not seriously affect birthweight, but there could be a negative effect on birthweight associated with simultaneous use of more than one type of NRT product.
Mothers' and fathers' birth characteristics and perinatal mortality in their offspring: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Nordtveit Tone I. , Melve Kari K. , Skjaerven Rolv 
Published: April 2010

SummaryNordtveit TI, Melve KK, Skjaerven R. Mothers' and fathers' birth characteristics and perinatal mortality in their offspring: a population‐based cohort study. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2010; 24: 282–292.There is increasing interest in the associations between parental birthweight and gestational age with their perinatal outcomes. We investigated perinatal mortality risk in offspring in relation to maternal and paternal gestational age and birthweight. We used population‐based generational data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway, 1967–2006. Singletons in both generations were included, forming 520 794 mother–offspring and 376 924 father–offspring units.Perinatal mortality in offspring was not significantly associated with paternal gestational age or birthweight, whereas it was inversely associated with maternal gestational age. A threefold increased risk in perinatal mortality was found among offspring of mothers born at 28–30 weeks of gestation relative to offspring of mothers born at term (37–43 weeks) (relative risk: 2.9, 95% CI 1.9, 4.6). There was also an overall association between maternal birthweight and offspring perinatal mortality. Relative risk for mothers whose birthweight was <2000 g was 1.5 (95% CI 1.1, 1.9), relative to mothers whose birthweight was 3500–3999 g. However, confined to mothers born at ≥34 weeks of gestation, the birthweight association was not significant. Weight‐specific perinatal mortality in offspring was dependent on the birthweight of the mother and the father, that is, offspring who were small relative to their mother's or father's birthweight had increased perinatal mortality. In conclusion, a mother's gestational age, and not her birthweight, was significantly associated with perinatal mortality in the offspring, while there was no such association for the father.
Association of maternal prenatal depressive symptoms with child cognition at age 3 years
Authors: Tse Alison C. , Rich‐Edwards Janet W. , Rifas‐Shiman Sheryl L. , Gillman Matthew W. , Oken Emily 
Published: April 2010

SummaryTse AC, Rich‐Edwards JW, Rifas‐Shiman SL, Gillman MW, Oken E. Association of maternal prenatal depressive symptoms with child cognition at age 3 years. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2010; 24: 232–240.We examined the association of prenatal depressive symptoms at mid‐pregnancy with child cognition at age 3 years in Project Viva, a pre‐birth cohort study of 1030 mother–child pairs in eastern Massachusetts. We measured maternal depressive symptoms using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), a self‐report measure validated for use during pregnancy. Measures of child cognition included the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) and the Wide Range Achievement of Visual Motor Abilities (WRAVMA).At mid‐pregnancy, 81 mothers (7.9%) scored 13 or above on the EPDS, indicating probable depression. In the unadjusted model, children born to mothers with prenatal depressive symptoms had PPVT scores that were 3.8 points lower [95% confidence interval (CI) −7.1, −0.5]. With adjustment for sociodemographic variables, the association substantially attenuated [adjusted regression coefficient b for PPVT score = −0.7 (95% CI −3.6, 2.3)]. In both unadjusted and multivariable models, prenatal depressive symptoms were not associated with WRAVMA scores [adjusted b for total WRAVMA score = −0.5 (95% CI −3.0, 2.1)]. We found no evidence to suggest that maternal prenatal depression is independently associated with early child cognition.
Risk factors for suspected developmental delay at age 2 years in a Brazilian birth cohort
Authors: de Moura Danilo R. , Costa Jaderson C. , Santos Iná S. , Barros Aluísio J. D , Matijasevich Alicia , Halpern Ricardo , Dumith Samuel , Karam Simone , Barros Fernando C. 
Published: April 2010

Summaryde Moura DR, Costa JC, Santos IS, Barros AJD, Matijasevich A, Halpern R, Dumith S, Karam S, Barros FC. Risk factors for suspected developmental delay at age 2 years in a Brazilian birth cohort. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2010; 24: 211–221.Many children are at risk of not achieving their full potential for development. Epidemiological studies have the advantage of being able to identify a number of associated factors potentially amenable to intervention. Our purpose was to identify risk factors for suspected developmental delay (SDD) at age 2 years among all children born in the city of Pelotas, Brazil, in 2004. This study was part of the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort. The Battelle Screening Developmental Inventory (BSDI) was administered to cohort children at age 2 years. A hierarchical model of determination for SDD with confounder adjustment was built including maternal sociodemographic, reproductive and gestational characteristics, as well as child and environmental characteristics. Multivariable analysis was carried out using Poisson regression. Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals [95% CI] were calculated.In the results, 3.3% of the 3869 children studied screened positive for SDD. After confounder control, children more likely to show SDD were: those with positive BSDI at age 12 months (PR = 5.51 [3.59, 8.47]); with 5‐min Apgar <7 (PR = 3.52 [1.70, 7.27]); with mothers who had <4 years of schooling (PR = 3.35 [1.98, 5.66]); from social classes D and E (PR = 3.00 [1.45, 6.19]); with a history of gestational diabetes (PR = 2.77 [1.34, 5.75]); born <24 months after the last sibling (PR = 2.46 [1.42, 4.27]); were not told child stories in the preceding week (PR 2.28 [1.43, 3.63]); did not have children's literature at home (PR = 2.08 [1.27, 3.39]); with low birthweight (PR = 1.75 [1.00, 3.07]); were born preterm (PR = 1.74 [1.07, 2.81]); with <6 antenatal care appointments (PR = 1.70 [1.07, 2.68]); with history of hospitalisation (PR = 1.65 [1.09, 2.50]); and of male sex (PR = 1.43 [1.00, 2.04]). These risk factors may constitute potential targets for intervention by public policies and may provide help to paediatricians in preventing developmental delay.
Chromodomain proteins in development: lessons from CHARGE syndrome
Authors: Layman WS , Hurd EA , Martin DM 
Published: April 2010

Layman WS, Hurd EA, Martin DM. Chromodomain proteins in development: lessons from CHARGE syndrome.In humans, heterozygous mutations in the adenosine triphosphate‐dependent chromatin remodeling gene CHD7 cause CHARGE syndrome, a common cause of deaf–blindness, balance disorders, congenital heart malformations, and olfactory dysfunction with an estimated incidence of approximately 1 in 10,000 newborns. The clinical features of CHARGE in humans and mice are highly variable and incompletely penetrant, and most mutations appear to result in haploinsufficiency of functional CHD7 protein. Mice with heterozygous loss of function mutations in Chd7 are a good model for CHARGE syndrome, and analyses of mouse mutant phenotypes have begun to clarify a role for CHD7 during development and into adulthood. Chd7 heterozygous mutant mice have postnatal delayed growth, inner ear malformations, anosmia/hyposmia, and craniofacial defects, and Chd7 homozygous mutants are embryonic lethal. A central question in developmental biology is how chromodomain proteins like CHD7 regulate important developmental processes, and whether they directly activate or repress downstream gene transcription or act more globally to alter chromatin structure and/or function. CHD7 is expressed in a wide variety of tissues during development, suggesting that it has tissue‐specific and developmental stage‐specific roles. Here, we review recent and ongoing analyses of CHD7 function in mouse models and cell‐based systems. These studies explore tissue‐specific effects of CHD7 deficiency, known CHD7 interacting proteins, and downstream target sites for CHD7 binding. CHD7 is emerging as a critical regulator of important developmental processes in organs affected by human CHARGE syndrome.
Different cytokine profile and eosinophil activation are involved in rhinovirus‐ and RS virus‐induced acute exacerbation of childhood wheezing
Authors: Kato Masahiko , Tsukagoshi Hiroyuki , Yoshizumi Masakazu , Saitoh Mika , Kozawa Kunihisa , Yamada Yoshiyuki , Maruyama Kenichi , Hayashi Yasuhide , Kimura Hirokazu 
Published: April 2010

To cite this article: Kato M, Tsukagoshi H, Yoshizumi M, Saitoh M, Kozawa K, Yamada Y, Maruyama K, Hayashi Y, Kimura H. Different cytokine profile and eosinophil activation are involved in rhinovirus‐ and RS virus‐induced acute exacerbation of childhood wheezing.Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011; 22: e87–e94.AbstractBecause little information is available on eosinophil activation and cytokine response in virus‐induced wheezing, we attempted to detect respiratory viruses and measure eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and 27 types of cytokines/chemokines in both serum and nasal secretions from children with wheezing. This study was an observational, case–control investigation of 267 subjects, who were visited and/or hospitalized with acute respiratory symptoms (with wheezing: men, 115; women, 59; mean/median age, 3.6/3.0 years) or who were visited for regular physical examination and treatment (non‐symptomatic wheezing: men, 48; women, 31; mean/median, 5.0/4.7 years), and 14 control subjects (controls: men, 9; women, 5; mean/median, 3.6/3.7 years). We detected viruses in nasal secretions from 174 patients with acute exacerbations of wheezing using antigen detection kits or reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, followed by direct DNA sequencing analysis. We measured peripheral eosinophil counts, and serum concentrations of ECP and 27 cytokines/chemokines using a multiplex bead‐based assay in patients with wheezing or non‐symptomatic wheezing. We also examined nasal ECP and 27 cytokines/chemokines in patients with wheezing. Of 174 samples from wheezing exacerbations, rhinovirus was detected in 59; respiratory syncytial (RS) virus in 44; enterovirus in 17; other viruses in 19; and no viruses in 35. Serum concentrations of ECP, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐1ra, and IP‐10 were significantly elevated in rhinovirus‐induced wheezing compared with non‐symptomatic wheezing. Similarly, serum ECP, IL‐5, and IP‐10 were significantly higher in rhinovirus‐induced wheezing than in controls. On the other hand, IL‐1ra and IP‐10, but not ECP and IL‐5 were significantly higher in RS virus‐induced wheezing than in controls. Furthermore, only IL‐5 was significantly elevated in the rhinovirus group compared with the RS virus group in both serum and nasal secretions. Different cytokine profile and eosinophil activation might be involved in rhinovirus‐ and RS virus‐induced acute exacerbation of childhood wheezing.
Morph‐specific selection on floral traits in a polymorphic plant
Authors: VANHOENACKER D. , TORÄNG P. , ÅGREN J. , EHRLÉN J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractCorrelations between phenotypic traits are common in many organisms, but the relative importance of nonadaptive mechanisms and selection for the evolution and maintenance of such correlations are poorly understood. In polymorphic species, morphs may evolve quantitative differences in additional characters as a result of morph‐specific selection. The perennial rosette herbPrimula farinosais polymorphic for scape length. The short‐scaped morph is less damaged by grazers and seed predators but is more strongly pollen limited than the long‐scaped morph. We examined whether morph‐specific differences in biotic interactions are associated with differences in selection on two other traits affecting floral display (number of flowers and petal size) and on one trait likely to affect pollination efficiency (corolla tube width) in threeP. farinosapopulations. Differences in selection between morphs were detected in one population. In this population, selection for more flowers and larger petals was stronger in the short‐scaped than in the long‐scaped morph, and although there was selection for narrower corolla tubes in the short‐scaped morph, no statistically significant selection on corolla tube width could be detected in the long‐scaped morph. In the study populations, the short‐scaped morph produced more and larger flowers and wider corolla tubes. Current morph‐specific selection was thus only partly consistent with trait differences between morphs. The results provide evidence of morph‐specific selection on traits associated with floral display and pollination efficiency, respectively.
Localization and Expression of Follicle‐Stimulating Hormone Receptor Gene in Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Pre‐Antral Follicles
Authors: Taru Sharma G , Dubey PK , Sai Kumar G 
Published: April 2010

ContentsFollicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates antral follicles to grow, but its role in earlier stages (pre‐antral) of follicle development, if any, is obscure. Aim of this study was to study the expression of follicle‐stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) gene in different sizes of pre‐antral follicles (PFs) (<150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400 μm) and to find out an optimum dose of FSH for better growth, development and steroidogenesis of PFs in vitro. Buffalo ovaries were collected from a local abattoir, and PFs were isolated by mechanical method. A semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR amplification strategy was used for mRNA expression, while FSHR protein was localized by immunohistochemistry. Isolated pre‐antral follicles (80–85 μm) were cultured in TCM‐199 supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum, 1% ITS and 30 ng/ml EGF served as control medium. Addition of three different doses of FSH (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 μg/ml) in control medium was considered as treatment groups. A single 2.184‐kb receptor mRNA transcript was present in all sizes (<150–400 μm) of follicles. Follicle‐stimulating hormone receptor was also localized immunohistochemically in granulosa cells of all sizes of follicles. Survival and growth rate of follicles significantly (p < 0.05) increased following supplementation of FSH at a concentration of 1.0 μg/ml and the culture medium also showed a significantly (p < 0.05) greater accumulation of oestradiol and progesterone. In conclusion, FSHR is expressed in all sizes of PFs and in vitro survival, growth and steroidogenesis of follicles are optimally stimulated by 1.0 μg/ml FSH. These findings demonstrate that FSH has an important role during the recruitment, growth and development of buffalo ovarian PFs.