bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction of Wind-Waves and Currents in the Ems-Dollard Estuary
Authors: Hein H. , Mai S. , Barjenbruch U. 
Published: November 2011

Physical processes in coastal waters and estuaries extend their influences on many economic and ecological processes in the coastal regions and affect the safety of the coastal defences. In a context with the global climate change, these physical processes underlie also inherent modifications. In order to win an impression of such future changes and of the probability of their occurrence, physically consistent simulations of these processes are used to describe how wind-waves and currents interact. This paper presents an offline-coupled simulation using the models HAMSOM (HAMburg Shelf Ocean Model) and SWAN (Simulating Waves Nearshore). These state-of-the-art models excel by high computing speed, so that they offer an opportunity to simulate hydrological conditions and physical processes over longer time periods, e.g. decades. For the influence of currents on the waves, we estimate less influence on tidal flats, but stronger influence in the tidal channels. Improvements in parameter estimation that were achieved by the interaction of currents and waves are described and discussed; we estimate new drag-coefficients for the hydrodynamic simulation. Because long-term simulations need to be simplified, a method is examined and presented that by-passes the direct online-coupling of models. For the aim of long term simulation improvements of the surface drag coefficient are useful, because online-coupled wind-wave models overcome the available machine time for climate runs. Our method yields an optimization regarding computing economy and physical consistency of simulations.
Pharmacist Documentation of Fentanyl Patch Orders in an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Farivar Jahansouz , Judy Hsiao , Krisbma Dhillon , Pieter Helmons , Lamott Jo Anna , Shobha Kolan , Rabia Atayee 
Published: November 2011

Purpose The fentanyl transdermal patch label carries a boxed warning indicating that it should only be used in opioid-tolerant patients. Both prescribers and pharmacists must adhere to these recommendations to ensure safe use of the patches. Our goal was to determine the fentanyl patch documentation rate at our institution and evaluate the quality of documentation, and to make recommendations for improvement if appropriate to ensure patient safety. Methods We conducted a retrospective data analysis to determine pharmacist adherence rate to medical center documentation practices for fentanyl patch orders at UC San Diego Medical Center between July 2009 and July 2010. Results A total of 296 adult fentanyl patch orders were prescribed during the study period. Sixty-four of these orders were new initiations and 232 orders were continued from outpatient regimens. Overall, pharmacist documentation rate, without regard to completeness of notation, was 97.0%, with no difference between new and continuing orders. Evaluation of the quality of documentation showed that the most important factor lacking in the majority of documentations was duration of previous opioid therapy. Conclusion Examination of fentanyl patch documentation data suggests that the existing pharmacy notation system can be improved. We believe that a revised documentation template that includes source of information, chronic pain indication, opioid regimen, duration, daily oral morphine equivalent, pain assessment, and final patch plan will help to ensure the safety of prescribed patches and completeness of documentation. These findings can be used to develop policies and procedures to achieve complete adherence to transdermal fentanyl's boxed warning at any institution.
Pharmacy Residents' Experiences and Attitudes toward Participation in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Events at Academic Medical Centers
Authors: Marcy T. DelMonte , John S. Clark 
Published: November 2011

Purpose To investigate practices related to pharmacy residents' involvement in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) events and attitudes of pharmacy residents toward their participation. Methods An online survey was sent to pharmacy residents using the University HealthSystem Consortium (UHC) e-mail listserv. Data were obtained from residents currently participating in CPR events as well as those not participating. The objectives of this study were to (a) determine the number of residents currently participating in CPR events, (b) describe their responsibilities and the training opportunities made available to them, and (c) describe residents' attitudes toward their training and overall participation. Results A total of 253 pharmacy residents completed the survey (44% response rate), with the majority being in their PGY1 year. Eighty-nine percent reported involvement in CPR events, with 82% reporting required participation. Although 52% of CPR participants reported feeling only “somewhat prepared” to attend CPR events, most felt useful to the CPR team. CPR participants were significantly more likely to “strongly agree” or “agree” that all pharmacy residents should be required to participate in CPR events (86% vs 46%; P < .001) and that CPR team members see pharmacy residents as important participants (69% vs 43%; P = .013). When asked if they would support initiating pharmacy resident CPR participation at their institution, the majority of non-participants “strongly agreed” or “agreed.” Conclusion Most residents participating in CPR events recognize the value of their services and view participation in CPR events as an important part of their residency experience.
Empfehlungen zur Diagnostik der Paroxysmalen nächtlichen Hämoglobinurie: deutsch – österreichischer Konsensus/Recommendations for the diagnosis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: a German-Austrian consensus
Authors: Schrezenmeier Hubert , Bettelheim Peter , Panse Jens , Schubert Jörg , Höchsmann Britta , Röth Alexander , Nebe Thomas 
Published: November 2011

Zusammenfassung
Die paroxysmale nächtliche Hämoglobinurie (PNH) ist eine seltene, lebensbedrohliche hämatologische Erkrankung. Durch eine erworbene Mutation im PIG-A Gen von hämatopoetischen Progenitorzellen kommt es zu einem Fehlen des Glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPI), einem gemeinsamen Ankermolekül für bestimmte Oberflächenproteine. Die Folge ist unter anderem ein Mangel des „decay-accelerating factor„ (DAF, charakterisiert durch CD55-Antkörper) und des „membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis„ (MIRL, markiert durch CD59-Antikörper) an der Oberfläche von Blutzellen mit daraus resultierender fehlender Komplementregulation, so dass es zu der charakteristischen intravasalen Hämolyse und thromboembolischen Komplikationen kommt. Die Analyse der Expression GPI-verankerter Proteine auf Blutzellen ist in der PNH-Diagnostik und Verlaufskontrolle der anerkannte Goldstandard. In den kürzlich veröffentlichten internationalen Leitlinien stehen manche Aspekte weiterhin zur Diskussion. Wir haben auf der Grundlage dieser Leitlinien praktische Empfehlungen diskutiert und sind zu dem vorliegenden deutsch-österreichischen Konsensuspapier gelangt, welches konkrete Vorschläge, beginnend von der Indikationsstellung über präanalytische Aspekte bis hin zur Durchführung der Immunphänotypisierung und Befundinterpretation, präsentiert. Vorgeschlagen wird eine Zweistufendiagnostik: Die Stufe 1 ist als Screening zu sehen. Die Diagnostikstufe 2 dient der Befundbestätigung. Diese Stufe sollten Speziallabore übernehmen, welche umfassende Erfahrung mit PNH haben. Anhand eines Algorithmus zur Stufendiagnostik werden konkrete Empfehlungen gegeben, welches Antikörperpanel in welcher Diagnostikstufe sinnvoll zum Einsatz kommen sollte. In Tabellenform werden die gängigen Fehlerquellen und deren Behebung aufgegriffen. Dieser Konsens soll Labore unterstützen, möglichst zeitig eine korrekte Diagnose zu stellen, was für den Patienten therapeutisch und prognostisch von entscheidender Bedeutung ist. Dabei sollen jedoch Praktikabilität und Wirtschaftlichkeit der Maßnahmen nicht unberücksichtigt gelassen werden.
Phox2b-Expressing Neurons of the Parafacial Region Regulate Breathing Rate, Inspiration, and Expiration in Conscious Rats
Authors: Abbott Stephen B. G. , Stornetta Ruth L. , Coates Melissa B. , Guyenet Patrice G. 
Published: November 2011

The retrotrapezoid nucleus contains Phox2b-expressing glutamatergic neurons (RTN-Phox2b neurons) that regulate breathing in a CO2-dependent manner. Here we use channelrhodopsin-based optogenetics to explore how these neurons control breathing in conscious and anesthetized adult rats. Respiratory entrainment (pacing) of breathing frequency (fR) was produced over 57% (anesthetized) and 28% (conscious) of the natural frequency range by burst activation of RTN-Phox2b neurons (3–8 × 0.5–20 ms pulses at 20 Hz). In conscious rats, pacing under normocapnic conditions increased tidal volume (VT) and each inspiration was preceded by active expiration, denoting abdominal muscle contraction. During long-term pacing VTreturned to prestimulation levels, suggesting that central chemoreceptors such as RTN-Phox2b neurons regulate VTpartly independently of their effect on fR. Randomly applied light trains reset the respiratory rhythm and shortened the expiratory phase when the stimulus coincided with late-inspiration or early-expiration. Importantly, continuous (20 Hz) photostimulation of the RTN-Phox2b neurons and a saturating CO2concentration produced similar effects on breathing that were much larger than those elicited by phasic RTN stimulation.In sum, consistent with their anatomical projections, RTN-Phox2b neurons regulate lung ventilation by controlling breathing frequency, inspiration, and active expiration. Adult RTN-Phox2b neurons can entrain the respiratory rhythm if their discharge is artificially synchronized, but continuous activation of these neurons is much more effective at increasing lung ventilation. These results suggest that RTN-Phox2b neurons are no longer rhythmogenic in adulthood and that their average discharge rate may be far more important than their discharge pattern in driving lung ventilation.
Optical Fiber Switch Based on Carbon Nanotube Actuation
Authors: Fifield Leonard S. , Zipperer Anne M. , Baughman Ray H. , Dalton Larry R. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCarbon nanotubes represent an attractive material option for many applications, including electromechanical actuators. Though single wall carbon nanotubes exhibit advantageous actuator properties, such as large force generation and low operating voltage, functional devices based on carbon nanotube actuation have not yet been reported. Here we describe the fabrication and performance evaluation of a 1×2 electromechanical optical fiber switch based on a carbon nanotube actuator. The side-to-side movement of the input fiber of the device between two output fibers is a result of the actuation of an assembly of carbon nanotubes that have been attached to the fiber. The intensities of optical signals exiting the two outputs are monitored, and switching times down to 30 ms are demonstrated. Initial results indicate that mechanical optical switches using carbon nanotube actuators may be preferable to switches using alternative technologies due to the inexpensive assembly, low operating power, potentially high switching speeds, and potentially low insertion loss of the carbon nanotube based devices.
Associations of Fast Food Restaurant Availability With Dietary Intake and Weight Among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study, 2000–2004
Authors: Hickson DeMarc A. , Diez Roux Ana V. , Smith Adam E. , Tucker Katherine L. , Gore Larry D. , Zhang Lei , Wyatt Sharon B. 
Published: November 2011

Objectives. We examined the associations of fast food restaurant (FFR) availability with dietary intake and weight among African Americans in the southeastern United States. Methods. We investigated cross-sectional associations of FFR availability with dietary intake and body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference in 4740 African American Jackson Heart Study participants (55.2 ±12.6 years, 63.3% women). We estimated FFR availability using circular buffers with differing radii centered at each participant's geocoded residential location. Results. We observed no consistent associations between FFR availability and BMI or waist circumference. Greater FFR availability was associated with higher energy intake among men and women younger than 55 years, even after adjustment for individual socioeconomic status. For each standard deviation increase in 5-mile FFR availability, the energy intake increased by 138 kilocalories (confidence interval [CI] = 70.53, 204.75) for men and 58 kilocalories (CI = 8.55, 105.97) for women. We observed similar associations for the 2-mile FFR availability, especially in men. FFR availability was also unexpectedly positively associated with total fiber intake. Conclusions. FFR availability may contribute to greater energy intake in younger African Americans who are also more likely to consume fast food.
Shared Norms and Their Explanation for the Social Clustering of Obesity
Authors: Hruschka Daniel J. , Brewis Alexandra A. , Wutich Amber , Morin Benjamin 
Published: November 2011

Objectives. We aimed to test the hypothesized role of shared body size norms in the social contagion of body size and obesity. Methods. Using data collected in 2009 from 101 women and 812 of their social ties in Phoenix, Arizona, we assessed the indirect effect of social norms on shared body mass index (BMI) measured in 3 different ways. Results. We confirmed Christakis and Fowler's basic finding that BMI and obesity do indeed cluster socially, but we found that body size norms accounted for only a small portion of this effect (at most 20%) and only via 1 of the 3 pathways. Conclusions. If shared social norms play only a minor role in the social contagion of obesity, interventions targeted at changing ideas about appropriate BMIs or body sizes may be less useful than those working more directly with behaviors, for example, by changing eating habits or transforming opportunities for and constraints on dietary intake.
Environmental Health Disparities in Housing
Authors: Jacobs David E. 
Published: November 2011

The physical infrastructure and housing make human interaction possible and provide shelter. How well that infrastructure performs and which groups it serves have important implications for social equity and health. Populations in inadequate housing are more likely to have environmental diseases and injuries. Substantial disparities in housing have remained largely unchanged. Approximately 2.6 million (7.5%) non-Hispanic Blacks and 5.9 million Whites (2.8%) live in substandard housing. Segregation, lack of housing mobility, and homelessness are all associated with adverse health outcomes. Yet the experience with childhood lead poisoning in the United States has shown that housing-related disparities can be reduced. Effective interventions should be implemented to reduce environmental health disparities related to housing.
Health Disparities and Health Equity: The Issue Is Justice
Authors: Braveman Paula A. , Kumanyika Shiriki , Fielding Jonathan , LaVeist Thomas , Borrell Luisa N. , Manderscheid Ron , Troutman Adewale 
Published: November 2011

Eliminating health disparities is a Healthy People goal. Given the diverse and sometimes broad definitions of health disparities commonly used, a subcommittee convened by the Secretary's Advisory Committee for Healthy People 2020 proposed an operational definition for use in developing objectives and targets, determining resource allocation priorities, and assessing progress. Based on that subcommittee's work, we propose that health disparities are systematic, plausibly avoidable health differences adversely affecting socially disadvantaged groups; they may reflect social disadvantage, but causality need not be established. This definition, grounded in ethical and human rights principles, focuses on the subset of health differences reflecting social injustice, distinguishing health disparities from other health differences also warranting concerted attention, and from health differences in general. We explain the definition, its underlying concepts, the challenges it addresses, and the rationale for applying it to United States public health policy.
Characterizing Workplace Exposures in Vietnamese Women Working in California Nail Salons
Authors: Quach Thu , Gunier Robert , Tran Alisha , Von Behren Julie , Doan-Billings Phuong-An , Nguyen Kim-Dung , Okahara Linda , Lui Benjamin Yee-Bun , Nguyen Mychi , Huynh Jessica , Reynolds Peggy 
Published: November 2011

Objectives. We engaged Vietnamese nail salon workers in a community-based participatory research (CBPR) study to measure personal and area concentrations of solvents in their workplace. Methods. We measured average work-shift concentrations of toluene, ethyl acetate, and isopropyl acetate among 80 workers from 20 salons using personal air monitors. We also collected area samples from 3 salons using summa canisters. Results. For personal measurements, the arithmetic mean was 0.53 parts per million (range = 0.02–5.50) for ethyl acetate, 0.04 parts per million (range = 0.02–0.15) for isopropyl acetate, and 0.15 parts per million (range = 0.02–1.0) for toluene. Area measurements were lower in comparison, but we detected notable levels of methyl methacrylate, a compound long banned from nail products. Predictors of solvent levels included different forms of ventilation and whether the salon was located in an enclosed building. Conclusions. Using a CBPR approach that engaged community members in the research process contributed to the successful recruitment of salon workers. Measured levels of toluene, methyl methacrylate, and total volatile organic compounds were higher than recommended guidelines to prevent health symptoms such as headaches, irritations, and breathing problems, which were frequently reported in this workforce.
Disproportionate Exposures in Environmental Justice and Other Populations: The Importance of Outliers
Authors: Gochfeld Michael , Burger Joanna 
Published: November 2011

We examined traditional environmental justice populations and other groups whose exposure to contaminants is often disproportionately high. Risk assessment methods may not identify these populations, particularly if they are spatially dispersed. We suggest using a National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey approach to oversample minority communities and develop methods for assessing exposure at different distances from pollution sources; publishing arithmetic and geometric means and full distributions for minority populations; and paying particular attention to high-end exposures. Means may sufficiently characterize populations as a whole but are inadequate in identifying vulnerable groups and subgroups. The number of individuals above the 95th percentile of any distribution may be small and unrepresentative, but these outliers are the ones who need to be protected.
Analysis and numerical approximation of a parabolic-hyperbolic transmission problem
Authors: Jovanović Boško , Vulkov Lubin 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
In this paper we investigate a mixed parabolic-hyperbolic initial boundary value problem in two disconnected intervals with Robin-Dirichlet conjugation conditions. A finite difference scheme approximating this problem is proposed and analyzed. An estimate of the convergence rate is obtained.
Einstein-Cartan gravity with scalar-fermion interactions
Authors: Razina Olga , Myrzakulov Yerlan , Serikbayev Nurzhan , Nugmanova Gulgasyl , Myrzakulov Ratbay 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
In this paper, we have considered the g-essence and its particular cases, k-essence and f-essence, within the framework of the Einstein-Cartan theory. We have shown that a single fermionic field can give rise to the accelerated expansion within the Einstein-Cartan theory. The exact analytical solution of the Einstein-Cartan-Dirac equations is found. This solution describes the accelerated expansion of the Universe with the equation of state parameter w = −1 as in the case of ΛCDM model.
A simplified shear model for reinforced concrete elements subjected to reverse lateral loadings
Authors: Rodrigues Hugo , Varum Humberto , Costa Aníbal 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The response of reinforced concrete elements to earthquake loads can be controlled by bending or shear behaviour, depending on the geometrical characteristics of the elements and on the reinforcement detailing. To represent the shear behaviour, in elements where shear is not negligible, it was developed and implemented in the VisualANL a non-linear shear model. Finally, in this paper are presented and discussed the results of a set of numerical calibration analyses based on tests on full-scale frames.
The Most Important Angiogenic Growth Factors Influencing the Development and Function of Blood Vessels - in the Context of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)
Authors: Sterzynska Karolina , Sujka-Kordowska Patrycja , Witkiewicz Wojciech 
Published: November 2011

SummaryCurrently available approaches for treating patients with ischemic heart disease include medical therapy or coronary revascularization by surgical procedures, like coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Bypass grafting often provides dramatic relief from the symptoms of myocardial ischemia. However, a significant number of patients are not candidates for these kind of treatment or achieve incomplete revascularization. Hence, an alternative treatment strategy such as therapeutic angiogenesis has emerged as a new method for patients with inoperable coronary artery disease. Recently it has been demonstrated that angiogenic growth factors, like vascular endothelial growth factor or fibroblast growth factor, can improve myocardial perfusion and function.
Reaction Kinetics of Carbon Dioxide in Aqueous Diethanolamine Solutions Using the Stopped-Flow Technique
Authors: Siemieniec Marta , Kierzkowska-Pawlak Hanna , Chacuk Andrzej 
Published: November 2011

Reaction Kinetics of Carbon Dioxide in Aqueous Diethanolamine Solutions Using the Stopped-Flow Technique
The pseudo-first-order rate constants (kOV) for the reactions between CO2 and diethanolamine have been studied using the stopped-flow technique in an aqueous solution at 293, 298, 303 and 313 K. The amine concentrations ranged from 167 to 500 mol·m-3. The overall reaction rate constant was found to increase with amine concentration and temperature. Both the zwitterion and termolecular mechanisms were applied to correlate the experimentally obtained rate constants. The values of SSE quality index showed a good agreement between the experimental data and the corresponding fit by the use of both mechanisms.
Statistical Calibration of Model Solution of Analytes
Authors: Simeonov Danail , Spasov Lyubomir , Simeonova Pavlina 
Published: November 2011

Statistical Calibration of Model Solution of AnalytesA new method based on spectrophotometric-partial least-squares procedure was proposed for simultaneously determination of thorium and zirconium using SPADNS (4,5-Dihydroxy-3-(p-sulfophenylazo)-2,7-naphthalene disulfonic acid, trisodium salt) as a color reagent. Absorbance measurements were made in the range of γ = 541÷620 nm with 1.0 nm steps in buffered solutions at pH 3.5. The linear ranges were obtained for 0.5÷11.5 and 1.5÷14.5 μg cm-3for Th4+and Zr4+ions, respectively. The limits of detection were determined 0.4 and 1.2 μg cm-3for thorium and zirconium, respectively. The standard deviation (n = 3) and recovery percent of 10 samples in the prediction set were obtained in the amplitude 0.22÷0.38 μg cm-3and 91.3÷109.2, respectively. The proposed method was used for simultaneously determination of mentioned ions in spiked real water samples and wastewater. The results show that the method is applicable for the analysis of samples with similar matrix.