bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep Circumflex Iliac Cutaneous Free Flap in Cats
Authors: Jackson Andrew H. , Degner Daniel A. , Jackson Ian T. , Miyawaki Takeshi , Silverberg Boris , Bradford Melinda , Andrus Lee 
Published: October 2010

Objective—To develop and assess the survival of a microvascular cutaneous free flap based on the ventral branch of the deep circumflex iliac (DCI) artery and vein in cats.Study Design—Experimental study.Animals—Phase 1: 6 feline cadavers; Phase 2: 2 adult cats; Phase 3: 10 adult cats.Methods—Phase 1: Selective angiographic study of the deep circumflex iliac artery was completed in 6 feline cadavers. After injection of the DCI artery with barium, high‐detail radiographs were made of skin flaps harvested from the lateral flank and thigh region. The extent of the cutaneous angiosome was mapped with regard to the underlying anatomical landmarks. Phase 2: An island flap based on anatomic boundaries of the DCI angiosome derived from phase 1 of the study was elevated in 2 cats. Flaps were observed for 3 weeks for survival. Phase 3: Free skin flaps based on the DCI vessels were harvested in 10 cats and transferred to the dorsal interscapular region. Flaps were evaluated for 2 weeks for survival. Tissue samples were collected for histopathology, and angiograms of the flaps were completed.Results—Phase 1: Angiograms revealed a large primary cutaneous angiosome of the DCI artery located over the lateral femoral region, which extended from the iliac crest to the level of the patella. Phase 2: All island flaps survived for 3 weeks. Phase 3: Six free flaps survived for 2 weeks, and 4 flaps failed completely. Failure of 1 flap occurred because of avulsion of the venous and arterial anastomosis postoperatively. Another cat had intraoperative hemorrhage, which resulted in anemia and hypovolemia and likely caused the flap to fail. The other 2 flaps that failed had poor perfusion intraoperatively and had the longest ischemia times.Conclusions—The cutaneous DCI free flap in cats may be clinically useful in reconstruction of large cutaneous wounds. The length of ischemia time for successful cutaneous free flap transfer in the cat may be shorter than in other species.Clinical Relevance—Large wounds created by trauma or oncologic ablative surgery in cats could be reconstructed with cutaneous microvascular free flap. Additional studies assessing the critical ischemia time of cutaneous flaps in cats and evaluating the use of this flap clinically are needed.
Hamstring Graft Technique for Stabilization of Canine Cranial Cruciate Ligament Deficient Stifles
Authors: Lopez Mandi J. , Markel Mark D. , Kalscheur Vicki , Lu Yan , Manley Paul A. 
Published: October 2010

Objective—To investigate the harvest and application of hamstring grafts for canine cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) reconstruction.Study Design—Experimental study.Animals—Four adult female hounds, weighing 26.3 ± 1.6 kg (mean ± SEM).Methods—One stifle in each dog was randomly chosen for hamstring graft CrCL reconstruction after native CrCL transection. Arthroscopy was performed to evaluate graft integrity at 12 weeks. Gait analysis and stifle radiographs were performed preoperatively and up to 52 weeks after graft placement. Dogs were killed 12 (n = 2) or 52 weeks (n = 2) after CrCL reconstruction. Tissues were evaluated grossly and with light and confocal laser microscopy.Results—Hamstring grafts were intact in all stifles at 12 weeks (n = 4) and 52 weeks (n = 2). Grossly, there was no osteoarthritis in stifles at 12 weeks and only chondrophytes along the trochlear ridges at 52 weeks. Minimal radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis developed in stifles with grafts during the study. Lameness in limbs with grafts resolved by 52 weeks. Graft tissue was highly vascular, ligamentized, and undergoing active remodeling at 12 weeks. Fifty‐two weeks after graft placement, intraarticular graft tissue was well vascularized, mature, and encapsulated by synovium, and graft‐bone interfaces were characterized by Sharpey's fiber insertions. There was no evidence of graft necrosis using confocal laser microscopy at either time point.Conclusions—The hamstring graft technique may be a viable method of canine CrCL reconstruction.Clinical Relevance—Hamstring grafts may be an alternative technique for canine CrCL reconstruction. Further study is needed before clinical application.
Complications and Outcome After Thoracodorsal Axial Pattern Flap Reconstruction of Forelimb Skin Defects in 10 Dogs, 1989–2001
Authors: Aper Rhonda , Smeak Daniel 
Published: October 2010

Objective—To determine (1) the frequency and extent of complications associated with thoracodorsal axial pattern flap reconstruction of forelimb skin defects in dogs and (2) outcome after treatment of such complications.Study Design—Retrospective clinical study.Sample Population—Ten dogs.Methods—Medical records for 10 dogs that had a thoracodorsal axial pattern skin flap reconstruction of a forelimb skin defect were reviewed.Results—Three dogs had complete flap survival. Partial necrosis of the distal flap, ranging from an estimated 2% to 53% (mean, 21%) of the flap surface area, occurred in 7 dogs. Six dogs required surgical management of the skin necrosis, resulting in successful resolution in 5 dogs, whereas, in 2 dogs, the wound healed by second intention. Positive bacterial cultures were obtained from 3 dogs with distal flap necrosis. Seroma formation was noted in 2 dogs; the entire flap survived in 1 dog, whereas the second dog developed distal flap necrosis. Edema and bruising of the distal portion of the flap were noted in 8 dogs; distal flap necrosis subsequently developed in 7 dogs. Partial incisional dehiscence, which healed by second intention, occurred in 2 dogs. Of 6 owners available for follow‐up, all were satisfied with the functional outcome, but 1 owner was not satisfied with the cosmetic appearance.Conclusions—Partial flap necrosis was a frequent complication of thoracodorsal axial pattern flap reconstruction of forelimb skin defects and required additional wound care or surgical intervention to achieve healing.Clinical Relevance—Thoracodorsal axial pattern flaps can provide full‐thickness skin coverage of extensive skin defects of the forelimb, but owners should be aware of the likelihood of local wound complications.
Popliteal and Mesenteric Lymph Node Injection With Methylene Blue for Coloration of the Thoracic Duct in Dogs
Authors: Enwiller Tara M. , Radlinsky Maryann G. , Mason Diane E. , Roush James K. 
Published: October 2010

Objective—To describe and compare the time of onset and intensity of thoracic duct coloration after injection of methylene blue into a mesenteric or popliteal lymph node.Study Design—Experimental study.Animals—Twenty adult dogs.Methods—A right tenth intercostal thoracotomy, a right paracostal laparotomy, and an approach to the right popliteal lymph node were performed on each dog. Methylene blue (0.5 mg/kg of a 1% solution, maximum 10 mg) was injected into either a mesenteric (group M, 10 dogs) or popliteal (group P, 10 dogs) lymph node. Thoracic duct color was graded (0 to 3) every 5 minutes for 60 minutes. Statistical analysis was performed on mean thoracic duct color grade data, on number of successful outcomes between groups M and P, and between weight groups.Results—Coloration of the thoracic duct occurred in all group M dogs and 6 group P dogs. Coloration was first recorded 0 to 10 minutes after injection in all dogs and persisted for 60 minutes in 15 dogs. Mean thoracic duct color grade was significantly increased postinjection compared with preinjection at all times in group M. More successful outcomes occurred in group M (P= .03).Conclusions—Methylene blue injected into mesenteric or popliteal lymph nodes was successful in coloring the thoracic duct, but both mean grade and number of successful outcomes were significantly higher after mesenteric injection.Clinical Relevance—Thoracic duct coloration after lymph node injection occurred within 10 minutes and persisted for 60 minutes. This information is useful in planning thoracic duct ligation in cases of chylothorax when observation of the duct is desired. Injection of both lymph node sites was successful, but mesenteric node injection was a more reliable technique.
Comparison of Tibial Plateau Angles in Normal and Cranial Cruciate Deficient Stifles of Labrador Retrievers
Authors: Reif Ullrich , Probst Curtis W. 
Published: October 2010

Objective—To investigate tibial plateau angles (TPA) in normal and cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) deficient stifles of Labrador retrievers.Study Design—Prospective clinical study.Animals—Eighty‐one client‐owned purebred Labrador retrievers.Methods—Lateral radiographs of the tibia were obtained from 2 groups of dogs. Group I (42 dogs) had CCL rupture diagnosed by arthrotomy or arthroscopy. Group II (39 dogs) had no history of orthopedic problems, no radiographic evidence of CCL rupture, and dogs were >8 years of age. The tibial axis and the tibial plateau were determined on the radiographs, and the TPA was measured using image measurement software. The TPA measurement results of groups I and II were compared.Results—Group I (CCL rupture) had a mean TPA (±SD) of 23.5 (±3.1) degrees, and group II (normal) had a mean TPA (±SD) of 23.6 (±3.5) degrees. With aPvalue of .97, no statistical difference was detected between the 2 groups.Conclusions—No correlation between the magnitude of TPA and CCL rupture was identified in this group of Labrador retrievers.Clinical Relevance—In Labrador retrievers, TPA should not be used as a predictor of CCL rupture.
Mechanical comparison of 3 different clamp and 2 different rod types of a new veterinary internal fixation system, 4.5/5.5‐mm VetFix
Authors: Haerdi Christina , Costa Riccardo Dalla , Auer Joerg A. , Linke Berend , Steiner Adrian 
Published: October 2010

Objective—To compare the gripping force of a standard clamp with click‐on and T clamps of the 4.5/5.5‐mm VetFix (AO Research Institute, Davos, Switzerland), mounted on smooth and roughened rods.Study Design—In vitro mechanical study.Methods—Rods were mounted on a clamp‐holding device. Each clamp type was tested on a materials‐testing machine in groups of 6 specimens for torsional and axial load stability on smooth and roughened rods (total, 72 specimens). The variable evaluated was the discontinuity point (DP) as a measure for gliding resistance of the clamp on the rod. Means (±SD) were calculated for all groups separately. For statistical comparison, a multiple regression model was fitted with level of significance set atP= .05.Results—The direction of torsion had a significant effect on DP for both asymmetric clamps (standard, click‐on). In torsion and axial load, the roughened rod had significantly higher DP levels than the smooth rod for the standard clamp. Rods differed only in axial load for the T clamp, again favoring the roughened rod. The click‐on clamp did not reach 10% of the values achieved by the other clamps, independent from the rods and loading conditions. Compared with the T clamp, standard clamp DP values were significantly higher in torsion on the roughened rod as well as in axial load on both rod types.Conclusions—The roughened rod with a standard clamp was mechanically superior. For the T clamp, the small loss of gripping force may be compensated for by the possibility of inserting 2 more screws.Clinical Relevance—The roughened rod may enhance the bending, compressive, and torsional properties of the 4.5/5.5‐mm VetFix system by reducing the risk of clamp gliding on the rod. The standard clamp is the clamp of choice, except for the metaphyseal or epiphyseal region, at which use of a T clamp may be indicated to increase the number of screws inserted at the end of the rod.
The relationship between limb function and radiographic osteoarthrosis in dogs with stifle osteoarthrosis
Authors: Gordon Wanda J. , Conzemius Michael G. , Riedesel Elizabeth , Besancon Michael F. , Evans Richard , Wilke Vicki , Ritter Matthew J. 
Published: October 2010

Objective—To evaluate the relationship between limb function and radiographic evidence of stifle osteoarthrosis (OA) in dogs.Study Design—The relationship between force platform data and radiographic OA score was evaluated on 2 separate days using regression analysis. Interday variation was also assessed.Animals—Forty‐one dogs with visible lameness and radiographic evidence of stifle OA.Methods—Force platform data were collected at a velocity of 1.7 to 2.0 m/s for 5 trials on day 1 and day 8. Radiographs taken on day 1 were scored using a previously reported OA scoring system.Results—No significant relationship was found between force platform data and OA score. No significant differences were found between any day 1 and day 8 force platform values.Conclusions—Although radiographic evidence of stifle OA provides evidence of pathology, it does a poor job of representing limb function. In addition, the absence of significant differences between day 1 and day 8 values in this population of dogs supports use of only a single force platform evaluation before measuring a treatment effect.Clinical Relevance—The presence of OA in the stifle joint does not correlate with clinical function; radiographic outcome should be used cautiously as a predictor of clinical outcome.
Healing characteristics of deep digital flexor tenorrhaphy within the digital sheath of horses
Authors: Jann Henry , Blaik Margaret , Emerson Robert , Tomioka Michiko , Stein Larry , Moll David 
Published: October 2010

Objective—To describe the healing characteristics of deep digital flexor tenorrhaphy within the digital sheath.Study Design—Experimental study.Animals—Five mature horses.Methods—Right thoracic limb, deep digital flexor tenorrhaphy was performed within the digital sheath. Limbs were cast in partial flexion using a short limb cast for 6 weeks. Next, extended heel shoes were used for limb support for 14 weeks. Healing was evaluated by sequential ultrasonographic examinations, and limb use was evaluated by force plate analysis. At 26 weeks, mechanical strength and morphologic characteristics of the repair site were evaluated.Results—Gap (mean, 0.93 cm.) formation was evident in unloaded limbs at 3 weeks. This increased markedly by 6 weeks and was 5 cm at 26 weeks. Demarcation between the deep and superficial flexor tendons decreased as the transected ends adhered to the dorsal surface of the superficial flexor tendon. The intrathecal space was reduced by fibrous tissue. Mean maximum load to failure of the repair tissue was 4,616 ± 3,556 N, with a mean stress of 12.99 ± 2.78 MPa. The repair consistently failed at the adhesion between the transected tendon and the superficial flexor tendon.Conclusions—Intrathecal tenorrhaphy with external coaptation (in partial limb flexion) for 6 weeks resulted in gap healing, fibrous adhesion between the deep and superficial flexor tendons, fibrous tissue reduction of the intrathecal space, and a pasture‐sound horse at 26 weeks.Clinical Relevance—Without improved methods for immobilizing the deep digital flexor tendon, intrathecal tenorrhaphy is unlikely to result in first intention tendon healing.
Planar oxide supported rhodium nanoparticles as model catalysts
Authors: McClure Sean M. , Lundwall M. J. , Goodman D. W. 
Published: October 2010

C
2
H
4
/CO/H
2
reaction is investigated on Rh/SiO
2
model catalyst surfaces. Kinetic reactivity and infrared spectroscopic measurements are investigated as a function of Rh particle size under near atmospheric reaction conditions. Results show that propionaldehyde turnover frequency (TOF) (CO insertion pathway) exhibits a maximum activity near 〈
d

p

〉 = 2.5 nm. Polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy under CO and reaction (C
2
H
4
/CO/H
2
) conditions indicate the presence of Rh carbonyl species (Rh(CO)
2
, Rh(CO)H) on small Rh particles, whereas larger particles appear resistant to dispersion and carbonyl formation. Combined these observations suggest the observed particle size dependence for propionaldehyde production via CO insertion is driven by two factors: (
i
) an increase in propionaldehyde formation on undercoordinated Rh sites and (
ii
) creation of carbonyl hydride species (Rh(CO)H)) on smaller Rh particles, whose presence correlates with the lower activity for propionaldehyde formation for 〈
d

p

〉 < 2.5 nm.
Photooxidation of cytochrome P450-BM3
Authors: Ener Maraia E. , Lee Young-Tae , Winkler Jay R. , Gray Harry B. , Cheruzel Lionel 
Published: October 2010

High-valent iron-oxo species are thought to be intermediates in the catalytic cycles of oxygenases and peroxidases. An attractive route to these iron-oxo intermediates involves laser flash-quench oxidation of ferric hemes, as demonstrated by our work on the ferryl (compound II) and ferryl porphyrin radical cation (compound I) intermediates of horseradish peroxidase. Extension of this work to include cytochrome P450-BM3 (CYP102A1) has required covalent attachment of a Ru
II
photosensitizer to a nonnative cysteine near the heme (

), in order to promote electron transfer from the Fe
III
porphyrin to photogenerated Ru
III
. The

conjugate was structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography (2.4 Å resolution; Ru-Fe distance, 24 Å). Flash-quench oxidation of the ferric-aquo heme produces an Fe
IV
-hydroxide species (compound II) within 2 ms. Difference spectra for three singly oxidized P450-BM3 intermediates were obtained from kinetics modeling of the transient absorption data in combination with generalized singular value decomposition analysis and multiexponential fitting.
TRANSNATIONALISM AND THE ROLE OF FAMILY AND CHILDREN IN INTRA-EUROPEAN LABOUR MIGRATION
Authors: Moskal Marta 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT
Although scholarly interest in family migration is increasing, along with attention to the role of women and children in migration processes, this aspect of mobility continues to be poorly understood, particularly in the European context. Research on migration has tended to focus on primary migrants and to pay less attention to whether migrants arrive with families, resulting in a restricted picture of the impact of migration. This paper examines the presence and participation of families and children in the process of migration. It does so within the specific context of intra-European labour migration. Based on a qualitative study of migration and the integration of Polish families and children in Scotland, the paper explores changes in family structures and migration patterns that result in diverse new household migration behaviours. It argues that the locations of migrants within the European Community have become more fluid, with families being increasingly likely to inhabit more than one residence. It also argues that the uniqueness of the European setting requires a coherent theoretical focus and conceptual framework for understanding the implications of family migration. It suggests that transnational lenses generate useful empirical approaches concerning migration movements within the European Community. The paper explores transnational migration theory in relation to Polish post-enlargement migration and examines the multiple ways in which families may change through migration. It analyses the role of gender (women and men) and generations (grandparents, parents and children) in migration and settlement in the new country.
The L'Aquila Earthquake of 6 April 2009 and Italian Government Policy on Disaster Response
Authors: Alexander David E. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the impact of the earthquake that struck the central Italian city of L'Aquila on 6 April 2009, killing 308 people and leaving 67 500 homeless. The pre-impact, emergency, and early recovery phases are discussed in terms of the nature and effectiveness of government policy. Disaster risk reduction (DRR) in Italy is evaluated in relation to the structure of civil protection and changes wrought by both the L'Aquila disaster and public scandals connected with the misappropriation of funds. Six of the most important lessons are derived from this analysis and related to DRR needs both in Italy and elsewhere in the world.
Using Natural Capital to Reduce Disaster Risk
Authors: Kousky Carolyn 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT
Natural capital can be used to reduce disaster losses; for example, wetlands store floodwaters and mangroves buffer storm surge. This paper reviews the experience of several US communities that chose to use natural systems to mitigate a variety of risks. The paper discusses the communities' motivations in choosing to use natural capital as opposed to other risk-reduction measures, the policy approaches for doing so, the political and institutional challenges involved, and strategies for overcoming those challenges.
Negotiation Support for Environmental Disaster Management: Drama Theory II and the Survival of Louisiana's Indigenous Gulf Coast Tribes
Authors: Levy Jason K. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
A formal group decision and negotiation framework known as Drama Theory II(DT II) is put forth in order to systematically model environmental disasters and to examine ways to improve the resilience of Louisiana's indigenous Gulf Coast tribes that have lived on the bayous of the Mississippi delta for centuries. A mathematical treatment of key drama theoretic concepts (i.e. positions, intentions, doubts, and dilemmas) is provided, the dynamics of the drama theoretic process are discussed and theoretical results are applied to the ongoing oil spill disaster in the US Gulf Coast. While game theoretic tools have been widely applied to disaster management issues, traditional decision analysis assumes that decision-makers, options, and preferences are fixed. On the other hand, DT II, a theory of mutual interactive game design, allows for the redefinition of the conflict and emphasizes that decision-makers engage in a rational-emotional process of redefining both the game and their ‘positions’ in it until agreement on a satisfactory resolution is reached. Results show that drama theory constitutes an adaptive and powerful tool for modelling the Gulf Coast oil spill and for helping to strengthen the resilience of Louisiana's Gulf tribes which are on the brink of disaster. By identifying transformative natural resources policy options, it is shown how environmental health risks can be reduced and a more sustainable future can be promoted.
An efficient and biocompatible fluorescence resonance energy transfer system based on lanthanide-doped nanoparticles
Authors: Di Weihua , Li Jie , Shirahata Naoto , Sakka Yoshio 
Published: October 2010

This work demonstrates an efficient and bio-friendly fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) system based on lanthanide-doped inorganic nanoparticles. A facile aqueous route was used to synthesize the CePO4:Tb nanorods with homogeneous colloidal dispersion, which emits a bright green light with a high quantum yield (∼0.36) and a long fluorescence lifetime (∼3.50 ms) upon UV excitation. Upon treatment of CePO4:Tb with aqueous Rhodamine B (RhB), an efficient FRET occurs from the Tb3 +to the RhB molecules, giving rise to well resolved and ratiometric emissions of donors and acceptors, respectively, with an energy transfer efficiency of up to 0.85. When incubated with HeLa cells at 37 °C, the CePO4:Tb treated with RhB shows bright intracellular luminescence, indicating that it can be successfully internalized inside the cells and the FRET remains in the living cells. Moreover, the cytotoxic measurements demonstrate good biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity of our present FRET system. The advantages presented above including high quantum yield of donors, high energy transfer efficiency, ratiometric fluorescent emission and good biocompatibility, indicate the high potential of the CePO4:Tb/RhB FRET system for monitoring biological events.