bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating expression and catalytic activity of anaerobic fungal fibrolytic enzymes native topiromyces sp E2 inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: O'Malley Michelle A. , Theodorou Michael K. , Kaiser Chris A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe development of efficient methods to convert plant material (lignocellulose) to fermentable sugars is a promising avenue towards the development of renewable biofuels. Anaerobic fungi that reside within the digestive tract of large herbivores are among the most efficient and robust digesters of lignocellulosic material known in nature. Despite the powerful cellulose degrading capacity of gut fungi, remarkably little is known about the cellulolytic enzymes from these organisms due to the difficulties associated with their isolation and culture. We have cloned five such saccharolytic enzymes (bglA, cel48A, celpin, xylA, and xylB) from a cDNA library prepared from the anaerobic fungus Piromyces sp E2 for expression and extracellular secretion in the model eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae. All enzymes were readily produced, but only low‐molecular weight proteins (xylA and xylB) were secreted efficiently into the extracellular medium. Piromyces sp E2 enzymes were posttranslationally modified in S. cerevisiae according to their sequence prediction, suggesting compatibility between the two systems, yet not all of the recombinant proteins were catalytically active. Activation of cellular stress mechanisms in the secretory pathway suggest enzyme misfolding during the production of cel48A and bglA, which likely limits activity. However, bglA, exhibited moderate reactivity against pNPG when produced in S. cerevisiae. Furthermore, since we aim to understand how the cellulolytic enzymes of anaerobic fungi are produced in their native system, we have implemented methods to isolate and culture anaerobic fungi obtained from the digestive tract of a horse. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2012
Aging of methabenzthiazuron, imidacloprid, and N,N-dimethylsulfamide in silty soils and effects on sorption and dissipation
Authors: Dalkmann Philipp , Menke Ulrich , Schäfer Dieter , Keppler Jürgen , Pätzold Stefan 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Differences in soil properties can influence the fate of plant protection agents in the environment. The present study aims to investigate the sorption behavior and related aging processes of imidacloprid (IMI; insecticide), methabenzthiazuron (MBT; herbicide), and N,N-dimethylsulfamide (DMSA; degradate of the fungicide tolylfluanid) in six soils of silty texture but otherwise varying properties. The sorption behavior of these 14C-labeled compounds exhibiting different physicochemical properties was characterized by applying a three-step sequential extraction procedure. After 119 d, MBT revealed strongest sorption (K′tot 47.4–200.4 L/kg), followed by IMI (K′tot 11.7–30.6 L/kg), and DMSA with K′tot close to zero. Aged sorption factors (AFs) were calculated to characterize aging processes over time exhibiting a 2.6–3.5-fold (IMI), a 1.8–4.5-fold (MBT), and no (DMSA) increase of sorbed amounts within 84 d. Sorption and aging varied widely in the group of silty soils, which differed with respect to organic matter content, C/N-ratio, and microbial soil parameters. The time-dependent increase of adsorption of MBT and IMI was more pronounced in those soils that had a lower organic carbon and low microbial biomass content. Concomitantly, MBT and IMI degradation decelerated, presumably because of aged sorption at inner binding sites leading to a lower accessibility. In contrast, in the soils with a higher organic carbon content a strong initial (but later still reversible) sorption of MBT and IMI, occurring presumably at outer surface sites, reduced the extent of time-dependent diffusion toward inner binding sites. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:556–565. © 2011 SETAC
PURCHASING POWER PARITY IN NINE TRANSITION COUNTRIES: PANEL SURKSS TEST
Authors: Chang Tsangyao , Tzeng Han‐Wen 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThis study applies Panel Seemingly Unrelated Regressions Kapetanios et al. (SURKSS) tests, proposed by Wu and Lee (2009), to investigate the properties of long‐run purchasing power parity (PPP) in nine transition countries over the period of January 1995 to December 2008. The empirical results from the univariate unit‐root and panel‐based unit‐root tests indicate that PPP does not hold for these nine countries under study. However, Panel SURKSS tests indicate that PPP is valid for only two of these nine countries. As concerns major policy, our study implies that PPP can be used to determine the equilibrium exchange rate for both Estonia and Hungary, two countries under study. Our results emphasized that there is weak evidence about the long‐run PPP hypothesis in transition countries, and the validity of PPP remains a controversial and unsettled issue. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New Books On Vocational Guidance
Authors: BYRN DELMONT K. 
Published: December 2011

Counseling in Secondary Schools: A Frame of Reference, by John W. LougharyWorking With Groups: Group Processes and Individual Growth, by Walter M. LiftonThe Psychology of Character Development, by Robert F. Peck with Robert J. HavighurstPsychology: An Introduction to the Study of Human Behavior, by Henry Clay Lindgren and Donn ByrnePractical Business Psychology (Third Edition), By Donald A. Laird and Eleanor LairdHomestudy Course for Civil Service Jobs, by David R. TurnerGuidance for the Academically Talented Student, edited by Elizabeth M. DrewsBarron's Guide to the Two‐Year Colleges by Seymour Eskow
Maintenance of cartilaginous gene expression on extracellular matrix derived from serially passaged chondrocytes during in vitro chondrocyte expansion
Authors: Hoshiba Takashi , Yamada Tomoe , Lu Hongxu , Kawazoe Naoki , Chen Guoping 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe loss of cartilaginous phenotype during in vitro expansion culture of chondrocytes is a major barrier for the application of cartilage tissue engineering. The use of matrices mimicking the in vivo extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment is anticipated to be an efficient method to suppress chondrocyte phenotype loss. In this study, we developed several types of ECM derived from serially passaged chondrocytes for use as cell‐culture substrata and compared their effects on chondrocyte functions. Primary bovine chondrocytes and serially passaged chondrocytes (at passages 2 and 6) were cultured on tissue‐culture polystyrene. After culture, the cellular components were selectively removed from the ECM deposited by the cells. The remaining ECM proteins were used as cell‐culture substrata. The composition of the deposited ECM depended on the culture stage of the serially passaged chondrocytes used for the ECM production. The deposited ECM supported the adhesion and proliferation of chondrocytes. The effects of the ECM on the chondrocyte dedifferentiation during in vitro passage culture differed dramatically depending on the phenotype of the chondrocytes used to produce the ECM. The primary chondrocyte‐derived ECM delayed the chondrocyte dedifferentiation during in vitro passage culture and is a good candidate for chondrocyte subculture for tissue engineering. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
Effect of calcium carbonate on hardening, physicochemical properties, and in vitro degradation of injectable calcium phosphate cements
Authors: Sariibrahimoglu Kemal , Leeuwenburgh Sander C. G. , Wolke Joop G. C. , Yubao Li , Jansen John A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe main disadvantage of apatitic calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) is their slow degradation rate, which limits complete bone regeneration. Carbonate (CO) is the common constituent of bone and it can be used to improve the degradability of the apatitic calcium phosphate ceramics. This study aimed to examine the effect of calcite (CaCO3) incorporation into CPCs. To this end, the CaCO3 amount (0–4–8–12 wt %) and its particle size (12.0‐μm‐coarse or 2.5‐μm‐fine) were systematically investigated. In comparison to calcite‐free CPC, the setting time of the bone substitute was delayed with increasing CaCO3 incorporation. Reduction of the CaCO3 particle size in the initial powder increased the injectability time of the paste. During hardening of the cements, the increase in calcium release was inversely proportional to the extent of CO incorporation into apatites. The morphology of the carbonate‐free product consisted of large needle‐like crystals, whereas small plate‐like crystals were observed for carbonated apatites. Compressive strength decreased with increasing CaCO3 content. In vitro accelerated degradation tests demonstrated that calcium release and dissolution rate from the set cements increased with increasing the incorporation of CO, whereas differences in CaCO3 particle size did not affect the in vitro degradation rate under accelerated conditions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
Delivery of VEGF using collagen‐coated polycaprolactone scaffolds stimulates angiogenesis
Authors: Singh Shivani , Wu Benjamin M. , Dunn James C. Y. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractEstablishing sufficient vascularization in scaffold remains a challenge for tissue‐engineering. To improve angiogenesis, we incorporated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in collagen‐coating over the porous polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds. The release kinetics of loaded VEGF from collagen‐coated PCL (col‐PCL) scaffolds was same as from scaffolds without the collagen. The bioactivity of VEGF delivered by the col‐PCL scaffolds was confirmed by human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation and chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. The col‐PCL scaffolds were implanted subcutaneously in mice for 7 and 14 days. At day 7, vascularization within scaffolds loaded with VEGF was superior to that in the scaffolds without VEGF. However, the vessel connectivity to host circulatory system was incomplete and restricted to the scaffold edges. At day 14, blood vessels in scaffolds reached density similar to the subcutaneous tissue and were perfusable throughout the implant thickness. Prewashing the scaffolds with saline to remove the unbound growth factor decreased the initial burst release and sustained the VEGF‐mediated angiogenesis in vivo. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that physically adsorbed VEGF stimulated angiogenesis in collagen‐coated PCL scaffolds. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
Alkali pretreatment of softwood spruce and hardwood birch by NaOH/thiourea, NaOH/urea, NaOH/urea/thiourea, and NaOH/PEG to improve ethanol and biogas production
Authors: Mohsenzadeh Abas , Jeihanipour Azam , Karimi Keikhosro , Taherzadeh Mohammad J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAlkali‐dissolution pretreatment of softwood spruce and hardwood birch to improve ethanol and biogas production was investigated. The pretreatments were carried out at different temperatures between − 15 and 80 °C with NaOH/thiourea (7/5.5 wt%), NaOH/urea (7/12 wt%), NaOH/urea/thiourea (7/8/6.5 wt%), and NaOH/PEG (7/1 wt%) aqueous solutions. The pretreated materials were then subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis for 72 h. The pretreatments by NaOH/thiourea at − 15 °C improved the hydrolysis yields of spruce from 11.7% to 57% of theoretical yield, and for birch from 23.1% to 83% of theoretical yield. The enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of these pretreated materials by NaOH/thiourea with baker's yeast resulted in 54.0% of theoretical yield compared with 10.9% for untreated spruce and 80.9% of theoretical yield compared with 12.9% for untreated birch. Furthermore, anaerobic digestion of pretreated materials resulted in 0.36 L g−1 VS methane compared with 0.23 L g−1 VS for untreated birch, and 0.21 L g−1 VS compared with 0.03 L g−1 VS for untreated spruce. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Immunohistochemical and immunological detection of ghrelin and leptin in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and murray cod Maccullochella peelii peelii as affected by different dietary fatty acids
Authors: Ettore Varricchio , Finizia Russo , Elena Coccia , Giovanni Turchini , David Francis , Paolo De Girolamo , Marina Paolucci 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this study, we report ghrelin and leptin immunoreactive (ir) cells distribution in the gastrointestinal tract and blood ghrelin and leptin levels in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii peelii) fed diets with different fatty acid compositions. Juvenile rainbow trout and Murray cod were fed five iso‐energetic experimental diets containing fish oil (FO) or one of the following vegetable oils (VO): olive oil (OO), sunflower oil (SO), linseed oil (LO), and palm oil (PO); as the added dietary lipid source. The presence and distribution of both ghrelin and leptin ir cells in the gastrointestinal tract were affected by the inclusion of VO. Ghrelin ir cells were found in the gastric glands of rainbow trout and in the mioenteric plexuses of the stomach of Murray cod fed FO. Ghrelin ir cells were localized in the mucosa of the intestine of rainbow trout and Murray cod fed VO. Leptin ir cells were more abundant in the epithelial lining of the mucosa folds and in the glands of the stomach of rainbow trout fed VO. Leptin immunoreactivity was detected in the gastric mioenteric plexus of Murray cod fed FO. No differences were found both in ghrelin and leptin levels in blood plasma or in the growth rates of rainbow trout and Murray cod fed the different experimental diets. These observations suggest that dietary fatty acids play a role in the peripheral feeding regulation. Microsc. Res. Tech. 75:771–780, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A portable cryo‐plunger for on‐site intact cryogenic microscopy sample preparation in natural environments
Authors: Comolli Luis R. , Duarte Robert , Baum Dennis , Luef Birgit , Downing Kenneth H. , Larson David M. , Csencsits Roseann , Banfield Jillian F. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe present a modern, light portable device specifically designed for environmental samples for cryogenic transmission‐electron microscopy (cryo‐TEM) by on‐site cryo‐plunging. The power of cryo‐TEM comes from preparation of artifact‐free samples. However, in many studies, the samples must be collected at remote field locations, and the time involved in transporting samples back to the laboratory for cryogenic preservation can lead to severe degradation artifacts. Thus, going back to the basics, we developed a simple mechanical device that is light and easy to transport on foot yet effective. With the system design presented here we are able to obtain cryo‐samples of microbes and microbial communities not possible to culture, in their near‐intact environmental conditions as well as in routine laboratory work, and in real time. This methodology thus enables us to bring the power of cryo‐TEM to microbial ecology. Microsc. Res. Tech. 75:829–836, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fiber laser based two‐photon fret measurement of calmodulin and mcherry‐E0GFP proteins
Authors: Adany Peter , Johnson Carey K. , Hui Rongqing 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe speed and accuracy of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements can be improved by rapidly alternating excitation wavelengths between the donor and acceptor fluorophore. We demonstrate FRET efficiency measurements based on a fiber laser and photonic crystal fiber as the source for two‐photon excitation (TPE). This system offers the potential for rapid wavelength switching with the benefits of axial optical sectioning and improved penetration depth provided by TPE. Correction of FRET signals for cross excitation and cross emission was achieved by switching the excitation wavelength with an electrically controlled modulator. Measurement speed was primarily limited by integration times required to measure fluorescence. Using this system, we measured the FRET efficiency of calmodulin labeled with Alexa Fluor 488 and Texas Red dyes. In addition, we measured two‐photon induced FRET in an E0GFP‐mCherry protein construct. Results from one‐photon and two‐photon excitation are compared to validate the rapid wavelength switched two‐photon measurements. Microsc. Res. Tech. 75:837–843, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Was ist Geometrie? Geometrie und Anschauung. Erhard Schmidt zum 75. Geburtstag gewidmet
Authors: Hamel Georg 
Published: January 2012

AbstractDie nachfolgenden Ausführungen sollen auch dazu dienen, die tiefe Kluft, die zwischen den Naturwissenschaften und den Geisteswissenschaften, insbesondere der Philosophie, aufgerissen ist, zu überbrücken. Eine solche Überbrückung ist nur möglich bei Besinnung auf die letzten Fundamente der Wissenschaft überhaupt. Denn nur da können die gemeinsamen Wurzeln liegen. Für die Geometrie, die ebenso stark mit der Mathematik wie mit der Physik zusammenhängt, ohne in die eine oder andere aufzugehen, soll hier ein Versuch gemacht werden. Sie scheint besonders zum Brückenschlagen geeignet zu sein. Im übrigen handelt es sich um Gedanken, die der Verfasser schon lange hegt und schon in seiner Rektoratsrede vom Jahre 1928 teilweise dargestellt hat.
Efficiency and regulation: A basis for reform: 2nd annual MDE lecture, Pace University, Graduate School of Business, New York City, USA
Authors: Crew Michael A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis paper reviews the nature and consequences of regulation and attempts to provide a framework for reform. The paper argues that regulation, in addition to direct effects on the efficiency of the firm, causes changes in management orientation. These effects are analyzed for monopoly regulation and the implications for the A‐J effect examined. They may be more important than A‐J effects and may explain why A‐J effects are not always significant. Finally, the paper discusses some proposals for reform, focusing on ways in which the transactions costs of regulation can be reduced while preserving it as a governance structure.
A semi‐analytical solution of surface flow and subsurface flow on a slope land under a uniform rainfall excess
Authors: Hsieh Ping‐Cheng , Yang Jia‐Si 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYA new approach is proposed to analyze the surface flow and subsurface flow passing over a pervious ground under a uniform rainfall excess. The flow field is divided into two regions that are called water layer and soil layer. To figure out the hydraulic behavior of overland flow on an inclined plane under a rainfall event, the simplified Navier–Stokes equations are employed for the surface water flow, and the flow inside the soil layer is porous media flow, which is governed by Biot's (1956, 1962) theory of poroelasticity. The velocity distribution of overland flow is nonzero at the ground surface. The relation between water depth and slope length was developed first. The profile of surface water flow was then found backwards from the downstream end of the flow section by the Runge–Kutta method. After that, the flow velocity and flow discharge of each layer could also be obtained via the water depth. Finally, the variation of fluid shear stress inside the soil layer is also discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rearrangement of HMGA2 in a case of infantile lipoblastoma without Plag1 alteration
Authors: Pedeutour Florence , Deville Anne , Steyaert Henri , Ranchere‐Vince Dominique , Ambrosetti Damien , Sirvent Nicolas 
Published: January 2012

AbstractLipoblastoma is a rare benign adipocytic tumor that occurs usually in children. It can be difficult to distinguish a lipoblastoma from other lipogenic tumors. In such cases, the detection of a rearrangement of the PLAG1 gene by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis is useful for characterizing a lipoblastoma. We present here a novel case of morphological infantile lipoblastoma showing a rearrangement of HMGA2 instead of the classical PLAG1 alteration. HMGA2 is the main target of clonal aberrations encountered in lipomas. This result supports the hypothesis that benign lipomatous tumors harboring PLAG1 or HMGA2 rearrangement could constitute a unique pathogenetic entity. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metal ion adsorption behavior of lignocellulosic fiber–ethylene vinyl acetate composites
Authors: Vilakati Gcina D. , Mishra Ajay K. , Mishra Shivani B. , Mamba Bhekie B. , Thwala Justice M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis study describes the applicability of lignocellulosic fiber dispersed in ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) to adsorb Pb(II), Cr(III), and Cr(VI) ions in aqueous solutions. Water absorption studies revealed that metal‐ion uptake does not only take place on the surface of the adsorbent but ions can also diffuse into the composite. The adsorption of the metal ions under different experimental conditions was studied. Solute concentration, pH, and contact time were used to assess the adsorption capacity and efficiency. The amount of metal adsorbed increased to 7 mg/g with an increase in solute concentration but compromising the efficiency. Adsorption equilibrium was reached after 3 h, when the maximum lead adsorption was above 80%. The optimum pH for the adsorption of Pb(II) and Cr(III) was 6.5, and pH 2.5 was used for the adsorption of Cr(VI). Competitive adsorption revealed the order of adsorption to be: Pb(II) > Cr(VI) > Cr(III). POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Crystallization behavior of PEO in blends of poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(2‐vinyl pyridine)‐b‐(ethylene oxide) block copolymer
Authors: Araneda Emilio , Leiva Angel , Gargallo Ligia , Hadjichristidis Nikos , Mondragon Iñaki , Radic Deodato 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe crystallization behavior of two molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide)s (PEO) and their blends with the block copolymer poly(2‐vinyl pyridine)‐b‐poly(ethylene oxide) (P2VP‐b‐PEO) was investigated by polarized optical microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). A sharp decreasing of the spherulite growth rate was observed with the increasing of the copolymer content in the blend. The addition of P2VP‐b‐PEO to PEO increases the degradation temperature becoming the thermal stability of the blend very similar to that of the block copolymer P2VP‐b‐PEO. Glass transition temperatures, Tg, for PEO/P2VP‐b‐PEO blends were intermediate between those of the pure components and the value increased as the content of PEO homopolymer decreased in the blend. AFM images showed spherulites with lamellar crystal morphology for the homopolymer PEO. Lamellar crystal morphology with sheaf‐like lamellar arrangement was observed for 80 wt% PEO(200M) and a lamellar crystal morphology with grain aggregation was observed for 50 and 20 wt% blends. The isothermal crystallization kinetics of PEO was progressively retarded as the copolymer content in the blend increased, since the copolymer hinders the molecular mobility in the miscible amorphous phase. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Mechanical and electrical properties of polyamide‐6‐based nanocomposites reinforced by fulleroid fillers
Authors: Zuev Vjacheslav V. , Ivanova Yulia G. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe effect of the fulleroid fillers (fullerene C60, mixture of C60/C70 and fulleroids soot) on mechanical, tribological, and electrical properties of the nanocomposites based on polyamide‐6 (PA6) was investigated. The nanocomposites were prepared by in situ polymerization. Both the tensile modulus and tensile strength of polymer composites were improved up to 15% with loading of 0.001–0.1 wt% of fulleroids materials. For nanocomposites with fulleroid fillers, the friction coefficients were practically two times as lower that of neat PA6. Electrical volume resistivity of composites decreases at loading of fulleroid fillers. The minimal electrical volume resistance was about 107 Ω cm at 0.1 wt% loading of fullerene soot. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers