bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upper Thermal Limits to Migration in Adult Chinook Salmon: Evidence from the Klamath River Basin
Authors: Strange Joshua S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTemperature‐sensitive transmitters and archival tags allowed precise measurement of adult Chinook salmonOncorhynchus tshawytscharesponses to high water temperatures and other environmental variables in the Klamath River basin during 2004 and 2005. Mean daily river temperatures upon initiation of upriver migration by adult Chinook salmon after a period of thermally induced migration inhibition ranged from 21.8°C to 24.0°C (mean = 22.9°C). During the first week (168 h) of migration, mean average body temperature was 21.9°C, mean average minimum daily body temperature was 20.6°C, and mean average maximum daily body temperature was 23.1°C. Temperatures above these levels appeared to completely block migration in almost all circumstances. Migration was inhibited at lower mean daily river temperatures during periods of increasing river temperatures than during periods of declining river temperatures. The ability of adult Chinook salmon to correctly gauge the onset of periods of declining or inclining river temperature is a vital mechanism for taking advantage of brief thermal windows for upriver migration. Weather fronts were responsible for periods of declining river temperature, but no precipitation or consistent drops in atmospheric pressure were associated with these weather fronts or with fish movements. The associated decrease in light levels, however, appeared to serve as an indicator of impending reductions in river temperatures for adult Chinook salmon. Changing river discharge had a negligible influence on migration behavior, and hypoxia sufficient to inhibit upriver migration (i.e., dissolved oxygen < 5 mg/L) never occurred during the study. The upper thermal limits to adult Chinook salmon migration as indicated by results from the Klamath River basin are substantially higher than previously reported in the literature and approached or exceeded the highest ultimate upper incipient lethal values determined for any life stage of this species.
Lack of Angling‐Sized Yellow Perch in a Canadian Boreal Lake: Potential Influences of Growth Rate, Diet, and Predation by Double‐Crested Cormorants
Authors: Barks Patrick M. , Doucette Jennifer L. , Somers Christopher M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFisheries for yellow perch Perca flavescens are economically important in North America, but in many lakes this species does not attain sizes desirable to anglers (total length [TL] > 250 mm). We investigated factors potentially contributing to the lack of angling‐sized yellow perch in Dore Lake, Saskatchewan. This large boreal lake has a long history of exploitation and is subject to current controversy regarding the impact of double‐crested cormorants Phalacrocorax auritus on its fisheries. We found that yellow perch in Dore Lake attained greater maximum ages (mean ± SD = 7.4 ± 1.0 years) but smaller maximum sizes (215 ± 7 mm TL) than other yellow perch populations. Thus, the lack of angling‐sized yellow perch in Dore Lake is probably the result of slow growth rates rather than short life spans. Double‐crested cormorants preyed heavily on yellow perch, but predation was highly skewed toward much smaller sizes (<100 mm TL) than those preferred by anglers. Stomach contents and stable nitrogen isotopes confirmed that yellow perch in Dore Lake undergo expected ontogenetic diet shifts and become predominantly piscivorous at around age 3. Analysis with stable isotopes also revealed long‐term dietary differences between age‐2 and age‐3 yellow perch captured in littoral versus offshore habitats, suggesting some degree of intrapopulation variability in resource and habitat use among yellow perch in Dore Lake.
Habitat Use during Early Life History Infers Recovery Needs for Shovelnose Sturgeon and Pallid Sturgeon in the Middle Mississippi River
Authors: Phelps Quinton E. , Tripp Sara J. , Garvey James E. , Herzog David P. , Ostendorf David E. , Ridings Joseph W. , Crites Jason W. , Hrabik Robert A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHabitat use by wild age‐0 shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus and pallid sturgeon S. albus was quantified by trawling macrohabitats (i.e., main channel, main‐channel border, island, and artificial structures [e.g., wing dams]) in the middle Mississippi River during 1998–2007 (1,702 trawls; n = 1,507 age‐0 sturgeon captured). Age‐0 sturgeon catch rates were highest around artificial structures and island areas, while main‐channel habitat provided the lowest catch rates. Moreover, size‐selective macrohabitat analyses indicated that small age‐0 sturgeon (i.e., majority < 50 mm total length) were located in channel‐border dike and island side‐channel macrohabitats, while all other macrohabitats were occupied by small and large age‐0 sturgeon. Furthermore, our analyses indicated that age‐0 sturgeon mesohabitat use within macrohabitats was influenced by depth, substrate, and bottom velocity. Low velocity (i.e., ∼0.1 m/s), moderate depths (i.e., 2–5 m), and sand substrate were positively related to age‐0 sturgeon relative abundance. As such, instream habitat modifications that provide the correct combination of macrohabitats with suitable mesohabitats may hold high densities of age‐0 shovelnose sturgeon and pallid sturgeon and may improve recruitment success.
Critical Elements of OSHA Regulated Process Safety Management Standard with Emphasis on Mechanical Integrity of Equipment and Process Safety Information
Authors: Laskar Sandipan 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) process safety management (PSM) standard set requirements for the management of hazards associated with processes that uses highly hazardous chemicals (HHC) – e.g., chemicals that are toxic, reactive, flammable or explosives (Appendix A of the standard contain the complete list of HHC's). The PSM standards are set for oil refineries and chemical plants. As compared to a refinery, an upstream oil separation process is less complex but recent changes and advancements in oil production as well as separation techniques made process safety a critical component for safe operation of production facilities and gas plants.
This paper proposes a new methodology for ensuring mechanical integrity of equipment - an important element of OSHA 1910.119. Proper documentation of relief system design and design basis is a major step in ensuring mechanical integrity. A key problem in relief device documentation is that the relief device datasheet does not include all of the overpressure scenarios considered in the original device specification. This paper proposes a basic change in the way relief systems are documented - a requirement in order to comply with OSHA 1910.119 and thereby describes a new methodology and a change in documentation to meet OSHA requirements and other industry standards (such as API 520/521, API-RP 75, 14J).
The information presented below is intended to help operators better understand the applicable requirements for production facilities and gas plants, and to develop a plan to meet the industry standards. It is also intended that the information presented below will help in proper documentation and thereby enable a faster response in case of an emergency.
Components of an Integrated HSE Performance Management System
Authors: Cram Robert S. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Lord Kelvin famously stated "When you can measure what you are speaking about, and express it in numbers, you know something about it; but when you cannot measure it, when you cannot express it in numbers, your knowledge is of a meagre and unsatisfactory kind; it may be the beginning of knowledge, but you have scarcely in your thoughts advanced to the stage of science". So it is with safety performance.
Measuring the Lost Time Injury Frequency Rate or the Total Recordable Injury Rate alone tells us nothing useful about an organisation's safety performance. Severity indices provide little more than an indication of how lucky the victims were. Yet still, these are the metrics most often touted as indicators of an organisation's safety successes or failures.
Reality is much more complex. Lagging indicators such as the above offer no insight into where efforts need to be focused within the organisation to achieve safety improvements. They tell us nothing about which part of the operation needs attention and from where lessons can be learned. They present a homogenised snapshot of historical data with no opportunity to drill deeper into how or why the company performed as it did. Even in the most structured organisations, they are fraught with irregularities and uncertainties.
This paper examines an HSE Performance Management system which was designed to bring together all available information and to present it to managers in such a way that weaknesses in the organisation could be identified quickly and the effects of remedial initiatives clearly demonstrated.
Well Integrity Technical and Regulatory Considerations for CO2 Injection Wells
Authors: Syed Talibuddin , Cutler Thor 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Geologic carbon sequestration may involve injection of large quantities of carbon dioxide (CO2) into primarily deep saline aquifers for storage purposes or, where feasible, into oil and gas reservoirs for enhanced oil recovery objectives. The literature and experience from industrial analogs indicates that well-bores (active or inactive/abandoned) may represent the most likely route for leakage of injected CO2 from the storage reservoirs. Therefore, sound CO2 injection well design and well integrity, operation and monitoring are of critical importance in such projects. This paper presents design considerations for (1) the construction of CO2 injection wells including down-hole tubular (casing/tubing/packer) and cements, (2) methods to verify that the wells have mechanical integrity (both internal and external) and monitoring approaches applicable to CO2 geo-sequestration in the U.S. and a short discussion of the risks posed by abandoned wells within a storage field and the safety aspect of CO2 wells.
Preventing and controlling endemic diseases in a pipeline construction in Amazon region
Authors: Chimelli Maurício Abi-Ramia , Brito Gilson Alves 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Preventing and Controlling Endemic Diseases in Amazon Region were identified as the most important action of the work environment. This project was implemented during the URUCU-COARI-MANAUS pipeline construction as a model project to be improved in Health, Safety and Environmental (HSE) practices. After discussions with management and other stakeholders, several teams of prevention agents were trained for the project's development. Actions were taken to import HSE knowledge and training to all on site personnel indicated by contractors. The main focus of the actions was on worker's immunization and workplaces fumigation necessary for the project improvement. The validation of the training and implementation of actions was closely monitored by the Health, Safety and Environmental (HSE) Petrobras teams and by the stakeholders. There were 9.000 workers in the middle of Amazon forest during the construction and no endemic diseases infected them. There were 499 confirmed cases of Malaria in workers; however, all of these workers were contaminated before workplaces entrances, ratifying the project's control success. The implementation of this project resulted in one hundred percent (100%) of workers immunized for Yellow Fever, Tetanus, and Hepatitis A and B. During construction, the incidence of Malaria in surrounding communities decreased around thirty percent (30%). Project benefits' include lower accidents rates, because the Brazilian legislation considers as accident, the appearance of endemic diseases in workers, and several new water treatment in surrounding communities in order to prevent water transmissible diseases which are very common in Amazon Region. This project resulted in trained of experts among local, which are now capable of preventing and controlling endemic diseases.
CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery And Geologic Storage: An Overview with Technology Assessment Based on Patents and Articles
Authors: Quintella Cristina M. , Dino Rodolfo , Musse Ana Paula 
Published: July 2010

AbstractContextualized overview of the CO2 EOR and its geologic storage, with critical evaluation of state-of-art and technological development through patents and scientific articles, focusing on annual evolution, technology owners (countries, companies, R&D institutions), inventors, annual evolution of the patents portifolia, field projects, company shared technology, IPC codes, technologic trends and fields, miscible and immiscible processes, capture technologies, relationships between the annual evolution of crude oil production, price, patent deposits and articles published, and technologic maturity of geologic storage.With the high impact on climatic changes, the energy industry is aiming to recover the planet climatic conditions by developing feasible processes. There are a reasonable number of field projects and are several technologic challenges are identified.The annual evolution of patents for CO2 EOR has the same trend as the other EOR methods, the deposits increase significantly near the petrol crises.The main technology owners are Texaco, Mobil, Chevron and Shell. In indexed articles, BP, Chevron and Shell are the companies that published more and University of Regina (Canada), is the academic leader.Most of the CO2 EOR field projects are in the US, being US, Canada and Norway pioneers in carbon sequestration. In the Latin America, Petrobras intends to act on all Carbon Capture and Storage chain. The inventors usually act in several technologic fields.Texaco, Mobil, Chevron, ConocoPhillips and Shell invested in alternated injection and surfactants addition. Shell made numeric simulation for miscible and immiscible fluids dislocation. ConocoPhillips studied CO2 correlations for miscibility pressures. University of Regina studied interfacial tension CO2-oil. University of Texas studies foams to change the injection profile.Over 90% of the patents are miscible processes. Patented capture technologies are adsorption, absorption, ionic liquids, and membranes, MOFs, among others.CO 2 − baixar   o   2
HSE and Culture in the Petroleum Industry in Norway
Authors: Høivik Dordi 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The Petroleum Safety Authorities Norway specifies in its regulations that enterprises must have a sound Health, Environment and Safety (HSE) culture. Different approaches are needed to obtain insight in the HSE culture.
This study were conducted in one of the large oil and gas companies in Norway to gain knowledge about factors that affected the HSE culture in the petroleum industry; both onshore and offshore. A special interest was organisational and working environment factors. The aim was to analyse the connections between what employees and managers say about HSE culture and what the company measures in objective HSE data.
Besides interviews to explore the important factors in the HSE culture concept, self-reported data from a company survey were used. It included demographic data and HSE climate items factorized into the factors "Perception of nearest manager", "Confidence in management", "HSE behaviour", "Competence", "Collaboration" and "Procedures". Health and safety performance data from 2004 was analyzed; sickness absence, recordable injuries, serious incidents and undesirable incidents. To study the relation between factors in the self-reported working condition survey and injuries summarized for 2000 to 2004, linear regression analyses were carried out. More than 3000 employees were included in the study.
We found that all the HSE climate factors were negatively associated with recordable injuries, but only the factor "Confidence in management" was significantly negatively associated with recordable injuries. The conclusions were that working and organisational surveys might be used as indicators of risk of injuries. Management style and trust in the manager were important factors for personal injuries.
The study results give answer to the hypothesis that comparing and analysing data from different HSE measurement instruments might give a better understanding of the strengths and weaknesses in the HSE culture.
Using the Six Sigma Road Map in Safety Management: A Case Study
Authors: Rios Virgílio Cavalcanti , Lima Gilson Brito , Sant´Anna Annibal Parracho 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
This paper tries to answer some questions related to decision making based on indicators of HSE. For this intent, a discussion of the Juran Trilogy is followed by a proposal of a Six Sigma Road Map integrated to HSE management. The Road Map's method is then focused on the interaction between the control process (SDCA - Check phase) and the breakthrough process represented by DMAIC (Control phase) with the use of control charts and other statistical tools. In this framework, the control item TRAR (Total Recordable Accident Rate) is presented and analyzed in an Exploration and Production (E&P) unit. The process is characterized graphically and quantitatively in order to obtain the annual average and standard deviation for both TRAR of frequency and severity for the years 2006 and 2008. Significant statistical improvements in TRAR are assessed by combining the use of the statistical tools control charts (U chart), confidence intervals, hypothesis tests and boxplot graphs. The analysis results show a statistically significant improvement in TRAR of frequency and severity from 2006 to the year 2008.
Beyond the License to Operate: Value Creation in Social Investment Through More Effective Public-Private Partnerships
Authors: Khalsa Atma S. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Companies in the extractive industries have been engaging for decades in social investment programs to support disadvantaged communities surrounding development projects worldwide, with mixed results. While most recognize these investments as a necessary expense in order to obtain the "Social License to Operate", new mechanisms and practices are emerging to help ensure these investments are both more broadly leveraged and more sustainable, thus delivering a higher return on investment.
For certain projects, the objectives of the social investment programs can often overlap with the goals of international aid / development organizations such as the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the World Bank Group. As such, many companies in the extractive industries are entering into public-private partnership programs with aid agencies and multi-lateral institutions to leverage knowledge and resources to implement more effective social investment programs. At the same time, companies sometimes struggle with the tradeoffs of having to nurture and share decision-making and execution styles through these partnerships.
Based on a literature review of recent industry and donor publications, communications with industry and government actors and experience as an international environmental/social risk consultant and USAID-trained public-private partnership implementer, this paper first documents the business drivers for project level social investment (SI), SI lessons learned, and lessons learned on partnering in the oil and gas industry. To help companies and consultants identify opportunities for increased partnerships, this paper then evaluates the advantages of public-private partnerships for project level social investments and provides guidance for companies looking to enter into a public-private partnership.
The Use of Rain Water in the Drilling and Completion Fluid Manufacturing Process in a Petrobras Operational Base
Authors: da Motta Alberico R. , dos S. Garcia Luis C. , Pereira Victor V. , Soares Cristiane R. , Fonseca Sarah da 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Taquipe is one of the Petrobras operational bases for the oil exploration and production activities in Bahia. In order to develop its activities Taquipe uses large amounts of water, supplied through wells. The main consumption installations units are: garages, refectory and the drilling and completion fluid manufacturing plant (DCFMP).
The aim of this article is to present a study about the use of rainwater as an alternative source for water supply in the DCFMP.
The methodology used was divided into two stages. The first one was the construction of a hydric balance which was used to identify opportunities for optimising the water and effluent systems.
The second stage was to conduct a study about one of these opportunities found: the use of rain water in the completion fluid manufacturing process. The amount of rain water available was determined by a hydrological study based in the precipitation historical registered in meteorological stations while its quality was found by a sample campaign. The samples were collected in points such as streets, gutters, canals and other drainage devices. The drainage basins inside the base and the runoff coefficients were also considered. The rain water quality was, then, compared to the water necessary for the completion fluid manufacturing process.
Of the three drainage basins studied one was rejected because of the poor water quality. The critical parameters were Calcium, Bicarbonate and Hardness. A rain water system was designed, consisting of rain water reservoirs, pipelines and hydraulic pumps.
This study represents a considerable advance in terms of the most modern principles about water resources. It will make possible to save 11344 cubic meters a year which represent 52% of water consumption in the completion fluid manufacturing process.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Measurement and Reporting in an Oilfield Services Company—Current Practice and Industry Challenges
Authors: Sealy Ian , Dunlop Johana 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
There are at present a number of industry (e.g. IPIECA/ OGP/API) and non-industry (e.g. CDP, GRI, ISO) initiatives to develop greenhouse gas (GHG) reporting standards for oil and gas exploration and production activities. However, the focus of these projects is on measurement and reporting of direct and indirect emissions from operating companies—little is being done to accommodate the specificities of oilfield service companies within these standards.
Oilfield service company GHG emission profiles and emission intensities are significantly different from those of their operating company clients. Fuel use in road vehicles and in marine vessels and drilling units are likely to be the most significant forms of energy use, and therefore the most significant emissions sources. A large service company may have several thousands of road vehicles, or tens of marine vessels in operation, either owned or contracted. These emission sources are likely to be geographically dispersed and mobile, which when coupled with the number of emission sources can make data collection very challenging. Emissions from fixed facilities will, in comparison, probably be relatively insignificant. This paper examines what is being done at one oilfield services company.
Looking further along the business supply chain, indirect emissions associated with service company activities generally fit into three categories: logistics and business travel; production of materials; and utility services (e.g. electricity supply). Indeed, a conservative analysis suggests that levels of the most significant indirect emissions exceed those of direct emissions for service companies. The absence of a systematic, global GHG reporting practice combined with the dispersed nature of the sources makes the collection of emissions data associated with these services and activities difficult. Additionally the inclusion of service companies with operators in certain indexes makes compromises comparability.