bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boundary Layer Structures Over the Northwest Atlantic Derived From Airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar and Dropsonde Measurements During the ACTIVATE Campaign
Authors: Xu Y. , Mitchell B. , Delgado R. , Ouyed A. , Crosbie E. , Cutler L. , Fenn M. , Ferrare R. , Hair J. , Hostetler C. , Kirschler S. , Kleb M. , Nehrir A. , Painemal D. , Robinson C. E. , Scarino A. J. , Shingler T. , Shook M. A. , Sorooshian A. , Thornhill K. L. , Voigt C. , Wang H. , Zeng X. , Zuidema P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Planetary Boundary Layer height (PBLH) is essential for studying PBL and ocean‐atmosphere interactions. Marine PBL is usually defined to include a mixed layer (ML) and a capping inversion layer. The ML height (MLH) estimated from the measurements of aerosol backscatter by a lidar was usually compared with PBLH determined from radiosondes/dropsondes in the past, as the PBLH is usually similar to MLH in nature. However, PBLH can be much greater than MLH for decoupled PBL. Here we evaluate the retrieved MLH from an airborne lidar (HSRL‐2) by utilizing 506 co‐located dropsondes during the ACTIVATE field campaign over the Northwest Atlantic from 2020 to 2022. First, we define and determine the MLH and PBLH from the temperature and humidity profiles of each dropsonde, and find that the MLH values from HSRL‐2 and dropsondes agree well with each other, with a coefficient of determination of 0.66 and median difference of 18 m. In contrast, the HSRL‐2 MLH data do not correspond to dropsonde‐derived PBLH, with a median difference of −47 m. Therefore, we modify the current operational and automated HSRL‐2 wavelet‐based algorithm for PBLH retrieval, decreasing the median difference significantly to −8 m. Further data analysis indicates that these conclusions remain the same for cases with higher or lower cloud fractions, and for decoupled PBLs. These results demonstrate the potential of using HSRL‐2 aerosol backscatter data to estimate both marine MLH and PBLH and suggest that lidar‐derived MLH should be compared with radiosonde/dropsonde‐determined MLH (not PBLH) in general.
Impacts of Mineral Dust on Trace Element Concentrations (As, Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb) in Lichens and Soils at Lhù’ààn Mân’ (Yukon Territory, Canada)
Authors: Pouillé Sophie , Talbot Julie , Tamalavage Anne E. , Kessler‐Nadeau Max Émile , King James 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDust is a mineral aerosol of the atmosphere that often contains trace elements such as As, Cd, and Pb. Lhù’ààn Mân’ (Kluane Lake), located in southwestern Yukon, is a region of frequent dust activity. In 2016, the lake level fell due to a dramatic decrease in inflow from glacier meltwater, and the delta of the lake became an important source of dust to surrounding ecosystems. To determine the impacts of dust deposition on vegetation and soil trace element concentrations and characteristics, we sampled the lichen Peltigera canina and soil layers at 57 sites along a deposition gradient located 1.4–33.6 km downwind from the principal dust source. Arsenic, Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb in lichens were negatively correlated with the distance away from the dust source, with the highest correlations in Ni and Pb (r2 = 0.50 and 0.48, respectively). Lichen and tree abundances were negatively impacted by dust deposition, suggesting that dust can affect ecosystem vegetation composition. Starting 8 km away from the dust source, the concentrations of As, Ni, and Pb decreased by more than 50% per km, while Cd and Cu concentrations decreased by more than 40% per km. Overall, within the sampled ecosystems, soil pH is 1.4 times higher in the first 8 km from the dust source while carbon content and nutrients are lower, which implies changes in nutrient availability and cycling in dust‐affected ecosystems.
Carbon Cycle Response to Stratospheric Aerosol Injection With Multiple Temperature Stabilization Targets and Strategies
Authors: Zhao Mengying , Cao Long , Visioni Daniele , MacMartin Douglas G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe analyze the global carbon cycle response to a set of stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) simulations performed by the CESM2(WACCM6‐MA) model. The simulations are performed under the specified SSP2‐4.5 CO2 concentration pathway. It is found that both the temperature stabilization target and the SO2 injection strategy have important effects on the global carbon sink. Relative to the SSP2‐4.5 scenario, averaged over the last 20 years of our simulations (year 2050–2069), simultaneous multi‐location SO2 injection causes an increase in cumulative land carbon uptake of 45 and 23 PgC, and an increase in cumulative ocean carbon uptake of 6 and 2 PgC for temperature stabilization targets of 0.5°C and 1.5°C respectively. For a temperature stabilization target of 1.0°C, SO2 injections increase land and ocean carbon sinks by 22–42 PgC and 4–7 PgC, respectively, depending on the strategies of SO2 injections (low latitude, mid‐to‐high latitude, and multi‐objective injection). Relative to SSP2‐4.5, by year 2069, SAI increases diagnosed cumulative CO2 emissions by 25–53 PgC (3%–6%), implying a decrease in atmospheric CO2 if SO2 injections were performed under a prescribed CO2 emission pathway. Stratospheric SO2 injections slow permafrost thaw, but do not restore permafrost to the previous extent at the same warming level for all injection strategies. An abrupt termination of SO2 injection weakens both the ocean and land carbon sink, and causes a rapid decline of permafrost extent. A gradual phaseout of SO2 injection slows sharp decline of permafrost and delays the rebound of carbon sink.
Effects of vitamin D in pregnancy on maternal and offspring health-related outcomes: An umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analyses
Authors: Chien Mei-Chun , Huang Chueh-Yi , Wang Jie-Huei , Shih Chia-Lung , Wu Pensee 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Vitamin D deficiency has been linked with several adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.

Objective
To summarize systematic reviews and meta-analyses evaluating the effects of vitamin D deficiency and of vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy on maternal and offspring health-related outcomes.

Methods
Prior to conducting this umbrella review, we registered the protocol in PROSPERO (CRD42022368003). We conducted searches in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for systematic reviews and meta-analyses on vitamin D in pregnancy, from database inception to October 2, 2023. All outcomes related to vitamin D in pregnancy obtained from the systematic reviews and meta-analyses were extracted. Data Extraction: Two reviewers independently chose studies and collected information on health outcomes. The quality of the included articles’ methodology was assessed using AMSTAR 2 (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews–2).

Results
We identified 16 eligible systematic reviews and meta-analyses, which included 250,569 women. Our results demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy is associated with increased risk of preterm birth, small-for gestational age/low birth weight infants, recurrent miscarriage, bacterial vaginosis and gestational diabetes mellitus. Vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy increases birth weight, and reduces the risk of maternal pre-eclampsia, miscarriage, and vitamin D deficiency, fetal or neonatal mortality, as well as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and autism spectrum disorder in childhood. In women with gestational diabetes mellitus, vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy can reduce the risk of maternal hyperbilirubinemia, polyhydramnios, macrosomia, fetal distress, and neonatal hospitalization.

Conclusion
Due to the association with adverse maternal and offspring health outcomes, we recommend the vitamin D status in pregnancy should be monitored, particularly in women at high risk of vitamin D deficiency. It is suggested that pregnant women take a dose of >400 IU/day of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy to prevent certain adverse outcomes.
Evaluating the efficiency of two different over-the-counter tooth whitening systems: a randomised controlled clinical trial
Authors: Krayem Eenass , Banerjee Avijit , Milly Hussam 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To compare whitening efficiency and tooth sensitivity (TS) of two different over the counter (OTC) whitening systems in comparison to conventional at-home bleaching using 20% carbamide peroxide.

Materials and methods
A randomised controlled clinical trial was conducted with three parallel groups (n = 13): (A) at-home whitening using 20% carbamide peroxide (20% CP), (B) OTC ready-to-use gel trays and (C) OTC-paint on gel. Clinical colour change values (ΔE) were measured using spectrophotometry at T0: baseline, T1: 7-day and T2: 14-day from whitening start, T3: 2 weeks and T4: 6 months after whitening end. TS was recorded using a visual analogue scale (VAS). ΔE and TS values were statistically analysed. The level of significance for all tests was 5%.

Results
Significant differences in ∆E values were recorded between the experimental groups. ∆E values were significantly higher in the 20% CP conventional at-home whitening group. TS measurements were significantly higher in the 20% CP whitening group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Conventional at-home whitening revealed significantly improved colour change when compared to the OTC-paint on gel and OTC ready-to-use gel tray whitening systems. There was a significant colour relapse in OTC systems.

Clinical relevance
The use of tested OTC systems is not recommended as they are not effective in a clear and prolonged improved shade change. Conventional at-home whitening using 20% CP showed higher whitening efficiency and colour stability. This trial was registered with a International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN23096480), Registration date: 12/04/2023.
Optimizing a self-solidifying hydrogel as an endoscopically deliverable hydrogel coating system: a proof-of-concept study on porcine endoscopic submucosal dissection-induced ulcers
Authors: Cho Rina , Kamata Hiroyuki , Tsuji Yosuke , Fujisawa Ayano , Miura Yuko , Ishikawa Shohei , Sato Ren , Katashima Takuya , Sakai Takamasa , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEndoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) benefits patients in the early stages of cancer, but it poses various risks of complication. Strategies involving the application of clinically approved products to cover ulcers caused by ESD can reduce these complications, but the fixed nature of their properties limit the understanding of their effects on ulcer healing. This study was focused on Tetra–PEG gel, an innovative hydrogel with controllable physical properties made from a sulfhydryl–maleimide pair. The use of biocompatible polyethylene glycol (PEG) in Tetra–PEG gel may allow for its application as a biomaterial. The aims of our study were to identify the characteristics of a self-solidifying hydrogel for endoscopic application and to develop a new ulcer coating agent for post-ESD treatment. We developed a specialized double-lumen catheter and determined the optimal application conditions of the hydrogel. We examined the hydrodynamic properties of the gelling solutions and elucidated the pressure drop that occurred during device operation. Finally, by considering previous experimental results, we successfully applied the hydrogel to post-ESD ulcers in porcine stomachs. We believed that by further optimizing hydrogels with effectively controlled properties and by continuing to investigate them through animal experiments, we could expand our understanding of the relationships among material and ulcer healing properties and apply this knowledge to clinical applications.
Structure of plant photosystem I in a native assembly state defines PsaF as a regulatory checkpoint
Authors: Naschberger Andreas , Fadeeva Mariia , Klaiman Daniel , Borovikova-Sheinker Anna , Caspy Ido , Nelson Nathan , Amunts Alexey 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPlant photosystem I (PSI) consists of at least 13 nuclear-encoded and 4 chloroplast-encoded subunits that together act as a sunlight-driven oxidoreductase. Here we report the structure of a PSI assembly intermediate that we isolated from greening oat seedlings. The assembly intermediate shows an absence of at least eight subunits, including PsaF and LHCI, and lacks photoreduction activity. The data show that PsaF is a regulatory checkpoint that promotes the assembly of LHCI, effectively coupling biogenesis to function.
Genome resources for three modern cotton lines guide future breeding efforts
Authors: Sreedasyam Avinash , Lovell John T. , Mamidi Sujan , Khanal Sameer , Jenkins Jerry W. , Plott Christopher , Bryan Kempton B. , Li Zhigang , Shu Shengqiang , Carlson Joseph , Goodstein David , De Santiago Luis , Kirkbride Ryan C. , Calleja Sebastian , Campbell Todd , Koebernick Jenny C. , Dever Jane K. , Scheffler Jodi A. , Pauli Duke , Jenkins Johnie N. , McCarty Jack C. , Williams Melissa , Boston LoriBeth , Webber Jenell , Udall Joshua A. , Chen Z. Jeffrey , Bourland Fred , Stiller Warwick N. , Saski Christopher A. , Grimwood Jane , Chee Peng W. , Jones Don C. , Schmutz Jeremy 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is the key renewable fibre crop worldwide, yet its yield and fibre quality show high variability due to genotype-specific traits and complex interactions among cultivars, management practices and environmental factors. Modern breeding practices may limit future yield gains due to a narrow founding gene pool. Precision breeding and biotechnological approaches offer potential solutions, contingent on accurate cultivar-specific data. Here we address this need by generating high-quality reference genomes for three modern cotton cultivars (‘UGA230’, ‘UA48’ and ‘CSX8308’) and updating the ‘TM-1’ cotton genetic standard reference. Despite hypothesized genetic uniformity, considerable sequence and structural variation was observed among the four genomes, which overlap with ancient and ongoing genomic introgressions from ‘Pima’ cotton, gene regulatory mechanisms and phenotypic trait divergence. Differentially expressed genes across fibre development correlate with fibre production, potentially contributing to the distinctive fibre quality traits observed in modern cotton cultivars. These genomes and comparative analyses provide a valuable foundation for future genetic endeavours to enhance global cotton yield and sustainability.
Flexible yet impermeable composites with wrinkle structured BNNSs assembling for high-performance thermal management
Authors: Guo Guilei , Liu Yijie , Ding Yafei , Liu Wenjie , Zhu Guimei , Hao Xiaoli , Huang Xingyi , Xia Jianfei , Li Baowen , Zhang Tong-Yi , Sun Bin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEfficient thermal management has become one of the most critical issues of electronics because of the high heat flux generated from highly integrated, miniaturized, and increased power. Here we report highly flexible composites with aligned and overlapping interconnected boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) assembled in wrinkle structures. Besides high in-plane thermal conductivity of more than 26.58 W m−1 K−1, such structure rendered enhanced through-plane conduction along with increasing pre-stain. As thermal interface materials (TIMs) of both rigid and flexible devices, the composites revealed an outstanding thermal cooling capability outperforming some commercial TIMs. During a record-long bending process of more than 3000 cycles, the maximum temperature fluctuation of the flexible device with 100%-prestrained composite was only within 0.9 °C, less than one-third of that with commercial thermal pad. Moreover, the composite revealed a superior impermeability for flexible seals. Our results illustrate that the composites could be an ideal candidate for the thermal management of emerging flexible electronics.
Coupling conduction-band valleys in SiGe heterostructures via shear strain and Ge concentration oscillations
Authors: Woods Benjamin D. , Soomro Hudaiba , Joseph E. S. , Frink Collin C. D. , Joynt Robert , Eriksson M. A. , Friesen Mark 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEngineering conduction-band valley couplings is a key challenge for Si-based spin qubits. Recent work has shown that the most reliable method for enhancing valley couplings entails adding Ge concentration oscillations to the quantum well. However, ultrashort oscillation periods are difficult to grow, while long oscillation periods do not provide useful improvements. Here, we show that the main benefits of short-wavelength oscillations can be achieved in long-wavelength structures through a second-order coupling process involving Brillouin-zone folding induced by shear strain. We finally show that such strain can be achieved through common fabrication techniques, making this an exceptionally promising system for scalable quantum computing.
Detection of atmospheric radon concentration anomalies and their potential for earthquake prediction using Random Forest analysis
Authors: Tsuchiya Mayu , Nagahama Hiroyuki , Muto Jun , Hirano Mitsuhiro , Yasuoka Yumi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVarious anomalies occurring before earthquakes are currently being studied to predict seismic events, with one of them being the radioactive element radon (222Rn). Radon concentrations in the soil, water, and atmosphere fluctuate in response to crustal movement. Recent research has statistically detected anomalies by analyzing the fluctuations in radon concentrations before earthquakes and conducting quantitative evaluations of radon. However, the method used to determine the parameters in the analysis was problematic. Therefore, in this study, we compared observed atmospheric radon concentration data with predicted values based on typical annual patterns using Random Forest analysis. We conducted a more objective analysis by employing this method and statistically determining anomalies using thresholds. This analysis was conducted using atmospheric radon concentration observation data obtained at Kobe Pharmaceutical University (KPU) before the 1995 Kobe Earthquake, and ionization currents emitted when radon decays were obtained at Fukushima Medical University (FMU) before the 2011 Tohoku-oki Earthquake. Consequently, before the major earthquakes occurred at both locations, the difference between the predicted and observed values exceeded the standard deviation by a factor of three. These results indicate the potential of Random Forest analysis to identify anomalies in atmospheric radon concentrations before earthquakes occur.
Robust digital-twin airspace discretization and trajectory optimization for autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: ElSayed Mo , Mohamed Moataz 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe infiltration of heterogenous fleets of autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in smart cities is leading to the consumerization of city air space which includes infrastructure creation of roads, traffic design, capacity estimation, and trajectory optimization. This study proposes a novel autonomous Advanced Aerial Mobility (AAM) logistical system for high density city centers. First, we propose a real-time 3D geospatial mining framework for LiDAR data to create a dynamically updated digital twin model. This enables the identification of viable airspace volumes in densely populated 3D environments based on the airspace policy/regulations. Second, we propose a robust city airspace dynamic 4D discretization method (Skyroutes) for autonomous UAVs to incorporate the underlying real-time constraints coupled with externalities, legal, and optimal UAV operation based on kinematics. An hourly trip generation model was applied to create 1138 trips in two scenarios comparing the cartesian discretization to our proposed algorithm. The results show that the AAM enables a precise airspace capacity/cost estimation, due to its detailed 3D generation capabilities. The AAM increased the airspace capacity by up to 10%, the generated UAV trajectories are 50% more energy efficient, and significantly safer.
Prognostic subgroups of chronic pain patients using latent variable mixture modeling within a supervised machine learning framework
Authors: Zhao Xiang , Dannenberg Katharina , Repsilber Dirk , Gerdle Björn , Molander Peter , Hesser Hugo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe present study combined a supervised machine learning framework with an unsupervised method, finite mixture modeling, to identify prognostically meaningful subgroups of diverse chronic pain patients undergoing interdisciplinary treatment. Questionnaire data collected at pre-treatment and 1-year follow up from 11,995 patients from the Swedish Quality Registry for Pain Rehabilitation were used. Indicators measuring pain characteristics, psychological aspects, and social functioning and general health status were used to form subgroups, and pain interference at follow-up was used for the selection and the performance evaluation of models. A nested cross-validation procedure was used for determining the number of classes (inner cross-validation) and the prediction accuracy of the selected model among unseen cases (outer cross-validation). A four-class solution was identified as the optimal model. Identified subgroups were separable on indicators, predictive of long-term outcomes, and related to background characteristics. Results are discussed in relation to previous clustering attempts of patients with diverse chronic pain conditions. Our analytical approach, as the first to combine mixture modeling with supervised, targeted learning, provides a promising framework that can be further extended and optimized for improving accurate prognosis in pain treatment and identifying clinically meaningful subgroups among chronic pain patients.
Efficacy and safety of stem cell transplantation for multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Nawar Asmaa Ahmed , Farid Aml Mostafa , Wally Rim , Tharwat Engy K. , Sameh Ahmed , Elkaramany Yomna , Asla Moamen Mostafa , Kamel Walaa A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a common autoimmune neurological disease affecting patients’ motor, sensory, and visual performance. Stem Cell Transplantation (SCT) is a medical intervention where a patient is infused with healthy stem cells with the purpose of resetting their immune system. SCT shows remyelinating and immunomodulatory functions in MS patients, representing a potential therapeutic option. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis that included randomized control trials (RCTs) of SCT in MS patients to investigate its clinical efficacy and safety, excluding observational and non-English studies. After systematically searching PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library until January 7, 2024, nine RCTs, including 422 patients, were eligible. We assessed the risk of bias (ROB) in these RCTs using Cochrane ROB Tool 1. Data were synthesized using Review Manager version 5.4 and OpenMeta Analyst software. We also conducted subgroup and sensitivity analyses. SCT significantly improved patients expanded disability status scale after 2 months (N = 39, MD =  − 0.57, 95% CI [− 1.08, − 0.06], p = 0.03). SCT also reduced brain lesion volume (N = 136, MD = − 7.05, 95% CI [− 10.69, − 3.4], p = 0.0002). The effect on EDSS at 6 and 12 months, timed 25-foot walk (T25-FW), and brain lesions number was nonsignificant. Significant adverse events (AEs) included local reactions at MSCs infusion site (N = 25, RR = 2.55, 95% CI [1.08, 6.03], p = 0.034) and hematological disorders in patients received immunosuppression and autologous hematopoietic SCT (AHSCT) (N = 16, RR = 2.33, 95% CI [1.23, 4.39], p = 0.009). SCT can improve the disability of MS patients and reduce their brain lesion volume. The transplantation was generally safe and tolerated, with no mortality or significant serious AEs, except for infusion site reactions after mesenchymal SCT and hematological AEs after AHSCT. However, generalizing our results is limited by the sparse number of RCTs conducted on AHSCT. Our protocol was registered on PROSPERO with a registration number: CRD42022324141.