bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of structure of organic modifiers and polyurethane on the clay dispersion in nanocomposites via in situ polymerization
Authors: Rama Mallikarjuna Shroff , Swaminathan Sivaram 
Published: June 2010

AbstractInfluence of polyurethane (PU) structure on the nature of PU/clay nanocomposite was studied using varying amounts of trimethylol propane (TMP) as branching agent. The effect of hydroxyl groups in the modifier of organoclays on the structure of PU/clay nanocomposites was studied. Nanocomposites were characterized using wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction measurements (WAXD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that formation of completely exfoliated and well dispersed polyurethane/clay nanocomposites via in situ polymerization, is facilitated by the presence of tethering groups on the clay surface and an ability to form branched and crosslinked structures. Incorporation of long alkyl chains in addition to tethering hydroxyl groups in the modifier structure of the clay did not significantly improve the compatibility of linear PU with the clay. Intercalated thermoplastic polyurethane/clay nanocomposites, prepared using poly(caprolactone diol) as soft segment and isophorone diisocyanate and 1,4‐butanediol as hard segments show increase in storage tensile moduli at temperatures before glass transition temperature when functional groups capable of chemically reacting with the growing polymer chains are present in the clay modifier. This is indicative of improved interaction of the polymer with the clay surface when the modifier has larger number of hydroxyl groups. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Study of the viscoelastic properties of PC/ABS blend containing triphenyl phosphate and nanoclay and its correlation with morphology
Authors: Feyz E. , Jahani Y. , Esfandeh M. , Ghafelehbashi M. , Jafari S.H. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this study, the effect of triphenyl phosphate (TPP), commonly used as flame retardant, also montmorillonite nanoclay and hybrid of them, on the morphology and rheological characteristic of PC/ABS (Polycarbonate/Acrylonitrile–butadiene–Styrene) blends are investigated. The blends were prepared via a direct melt blending process in a twin‐screw extruder. Morphological properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The results for the variations of complex viscosity (η*) with angular frequency (ω) showed a good agreement with those obtained from Carreau model.A plateau modulus (G°N) was observed in the blends containing nanoclay, indicating the formation of a network structure that increases the modulus as the results of the intercalation of silicate layers of nanoclay. The complex viscosity is increased with the inclusion of nanoclay and TPP, but the effect is more evident with nanoclay. Also, the addition of nanoclay significantly enhances the non Newtonian behavior of PC/ABS blends, particularly at low‐frequencies. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Enhanced compatibility of PA6/POE blends by POE‐g‐MAH prepared through ultrasound‐assisted extrusion
Authors: Xie Tingting , Wu Hong , Bao Wenting , Guo Shaoyun , Chen Yong , Huang Hua , Chen Hongyu , Lai Shih‐Yaw , Jow Jinder 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe effects of POE‐g‐MAH, prepared through different methods, on morphology and properties of PA6/POE/POE‐g‐MAH blends are summarized in this article. The grafting degree of POE‐g‐MAH can be increased through the ultrasound‐assisted extrusion. Experimental results showed that the addition of POE‐g‐MAH can increase the mechanical properties of the PA6/POE blend and decrease the particle size of POE dispersed phase in PA6 matrix due to the compatibilization by POE‐g‐MAH. The PA6/POE blend compatibilized by POE‐g‐MAH prepared through the ultrasound‐assisted extrusion has smaller particle size of POE dispersed phase and higher notched Izod impact strength than that by POE‐g‐MAH with similar grafting degree initiated only by peroxide. This result is ascribed to some anhydride rings attached to the chain terminus of POE due to ultrasound initiation. Rheological and Molau test results also showed enhanced compatibilization of POE‐g‐MAH prepared through the ultrasound‐assisted extrusion on the PA6/POE blend due to a structural difference of POE‐g‐MAH. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Probing effects of alternately‐embedded phenoxy phenyl lateral groups on properties of novel aromatic poly(ether‐urea)s
Authors: Behniafar Hossein , Sadeghi‐Abendansari Hamid 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA new class of alternate aromatic poly(ether‐urea)s having bulky phenoxy phenyl lateral groups was prepared by the reaction of 2,2′‐bis[(p‐phenoxy phenyl)]‐4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl ether (PPAPE) with two diisocyanates, isophorone diisocyanate and 2,4‐tolylene diisocyanate. The limited viscosity values as well as Mn and Mw values of the resulting polymers were determined. The resulting poly(ether‐urea)s could be easily cast into optically‐transparent, flexible, and light color films. The cut‐off wavelength values and the percentage of transmittance at 800 nm were found to be at about 415 nm and 85%, respectively. PPAPE‐derived poly(ether‐urea)s showed a low‐crystallinity and had excellent solubility in polar organic solvents. Tonset, Tg, Td5%, and Td10% values of the PPAPE‐derived polymers measured from their DSC and TGA thermograms were up to 270, 280, 315, and 340°C, respectively. Surface morphology of the resulted poly(ether‐urea)s were also evaluated by their scanning electron microscopy images. Excellent organo‐solubility, satisfactory film quality, moderate Tg values, and good thermal stability make this class of poly (ether‐urea)s promising high‐performance polymeric materials. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Hollow, pH‐sensitive calcium–alginate/poly(acrylic acid) hydrogel beads as drug carriers for vancomycin release
Authors: Lin Hong‐Ru , Ou Li‐Hau , Lin Yiu‐Jiuan , Ling Ming‐Hung 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this study, hollow calcium–alginate/poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) hydrogel beads were prepared by UV polymerization for use as drug carriers. The hollow structure of the beads was fortified by the incorporation of PAA. The beads exhibited different swelling ratios when immersed in media at different pH values; this demonstrated that the prepared hydrogel beads were pH sensitive. A small amount (<9%) of vancomycin that had been incorporated into the beads was released in simulated gastric fluid, whereas a large amount (≤67%) was released in a sustained manner in simulated intestinal fluid. The observed drug‐release profiles demonstrated that the prepared hydrogel beads are ideal candidate carriers for vancomycin delivery into the gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, the biological response of cells to these hydrogel beads indicated that they exhibited good biological safety and may have additional applications in tissue engineering. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Change in proteoglycan metabolism is a characteristic of human patellar tendinopathy
Authors: Parkinson John , Samiric Tom , Ilic Mirna Z. , Cook Jill , Feller Julian A. , Handley Christopher J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo determine differences in the metabolism of proteoglycans and the gene expression of proteinases and their inhibitors between patellar tendons exhibiting chronic overuse tendinopathy and normal patellar tendons in humans.MethodsRates of loss and synthesis of proteoglycans were determined. Radiolabeled and total proteoglycans retained in and lost from the tissue were analyzed by fluorography and Western blotting. Levels of messenger RNA for matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP‐1), MMP‐2, MMP‐3, MMP‐9, MMP‐13, ADAMTS‐1, ADAMTS‐4, ADAMTS‐5, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP‐1), TIMP‐2, TIMP‐3, and TIMP‐4 were determined in fresh tissue.ResultsThe rate of loss of 35S‐labeled proteoglycans was greater in abnormal tendons, as was the rate of synthesis of proteoglycans. Fluorography and Western blotting revealed the presence of greater amounts of large proteoglycans (aggrecan and versican) in abnormal tendons, and these proteoglycans were rapidly lost from the matrix of abnormal tendons. There was no significant difference in the expression of ADAMTS‐1, ADAMTS‐4, ADAMTS‐5, MMP‐1, MMP‐2, MMP‐3, MMP‐13, TIMP‐2, TIMP‐3, or TIMP‐4. There was a significant increase in the expression of MMP‐9 and TIMP‐1 in abnormal tendons.ConclusionOur findings suggest that a change in the proteoglycan content of the extracellular matrix in abnormal tendons results from the altered metabolism of the cells, reflected in the enhanced synthesis of the large proteoglycans aggrecan and versican, and does not appear to result from changes at the level of gene expression.
A functional RANKL polymorphism associated with younger age at onset of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Tan Wenfeng , Wu Hui , Zhao Jian , Derber Lezlie A. , Lee David M. , Shadick Nancy A. , Conn Doyt L. , Smith Edwin A. , Gersuk Vivian H. , Nepom Gerald T. , Moreland Larry W. , Furst Daniel E. , Thompson Susan D. , Jonas Beth L. , Holers V. Michael , Glass David N. , Chen Pojen P. , Bridges S. Louis , Weinblatt Michael E. , Paulus Harold E. , Tsao Betty P. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveWe previously observed the association of the co‐occurrence of the HLA–DRB1 shared epitope (SE) and RANKL single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with younger age at the onset of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in 182 rheumatoid factor (RF)–positive European American patients with early‐onset RA. The aim of this study was to fine‐map the 48‐kb RANKL region in the extended cohort of 210 European American RF‐positive patients with early RA, to seek replication of RA‐associated SNPs in additional RA cohorts of 501 European Americans and 298 African Americans, and to explore the functional consequences of RA‐associated SNPs.MethodsSNP genotyping was conducted using pyrosequencing or TaqMan polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Associations of rs7984870 with RANKL expression in plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and isolated T cells were quantified using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription–PCR. Site‐directed mutagenesis of rs7984870 within the 2‐kb RANKL promoter was performed to drive the luciferase reporter gene in osteoblast and stromal cell lines. Interaction of DNA and protein was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay.ResultsA single promoter SNP, rs7984870, was consistently significantly associated with earlier age at the onset of RA in 3 independent seropositive (RF or anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody) RA cohorts but not in seronegative RA patients. The C risk allele of rs7984870 conferred 2‐fold higher plasma RANKL levels in RF‐positive patients with RA, significantly elevated RANKL messenger RNA expression in activated normal T cells, and increased promoter activity after stimulation in vitro via differential binding to the transcription factor SOX5.ConclusionThe RANKL promoter allele that increased transcription levels upon stimulation might promote interaction between activated T cells and dendritic cells, predisposing to a younger age at the onset of RA in seropositive European American and African American patients.
Anatomy and prevalence of atlas vertebrae bridges in a Kenyan population: An osteological study
Authors: Karau Paul Bundi , Ogengo Julius A. , Hassanali Jameela , Odula Paul 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAtlas bridges are bony outgrowths over the third segment of the vertebral artery. They may exist as incipient, incomplete, or complete bridges, converting the groove into a deep sulcus, incomplete, or complete foramen respectively. These bridges and their associated foramina display bilateral and sex differences in their prevalence and type. Occurrence of these bridges may predispose to vertebrobasilar insufficiency and Barre–Lieou syndrome. The coexistence of lateral and posterior bridges as well as side predilection is not clear in either sex. Their relative occurrence may also point to some evolutionary patterns. We studied the prevalence, side predilection, coexistence, and anatomical features of atlas bridges using 102 dry atlases (49 males and 53 females) obtained from the osteology department of the National Museums of Kenya. Complete posterior bridges occurred in 14.7% and 13.7% on the right and left sides, respectively. A lateral bridge was found in 3.9% of cases on the right side only. There was positive correlation in the coexistence of the bridges. A retrotransverse foramen was found in 13% of cases. This study has found that posterior and lateral atlas bridges occur in association especially on the right side. Complete bridges were more prevalent in females and were more often present on the right side. This pattern seems to mirror the sexual predilection of vertebral artery compression syndromes. Gender roles may have an influence on the occurrence of these bridges and therefore the syndromes as well. Clin. Anat. 23:649–653, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Tl0.64Sr1.5La0.5CoO5‐ε Phase with a 1201 Structure.
Authors: Kirpishchikova T. A. , Doumerc J.‐P. , Neiman A. Ya. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Role of the Planar Chirality of Imine—Phosphine Hybrid Ligands Bearing Chromium Tricarbonyl in the Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation.
Authors: Jang Hye‐Young , Seo Hwimin , Han Jin Wook , Chung Young Keun 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Glyoxylate‐ene Reaction Catalyzed by C2‐Symmetric Chiral Bis(oxazoline)—Lanthanoid Complexes.
Authors: Qian Changtao , Wang Longcheng 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Intramolecular [2 + 2]‐Photocycloaddition Reactions in Solution.
Authors: Bach Thorsten , Bergmann Hermann , Harms Klaus 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses in the Nitrogen π‐Deficient Heterocycles Series Using a Barbier‐Type Reaction under Sonication. Diazines. Part 29.
Authors: Lepretre Anne , Turck Alain , Ple Nelly , Queguiner Guy 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of α‐Halomethylene Aldols or β‐Halo‐α‐(hydroxyalkyl)acrylates Using the Chalcogeno‐Baylis—Hillman Reaction.
Authors: Kataoka Tadashi , Kinoshita Hironori , Kinoshita Sayaka , Iwamura Tatsunori , Watanabe Shin‐ichi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Silicon‐Tethered 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Unsaturated α‐Silyl‐α‐diazoacetates and Diazoacetic Acid Silyl Esters.
Authors: Maas Gerhard , Gettwert Volker 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Spiroannulation of a Cyclopentane Ring. Synthesis of Spiro[4.n](n+5)alk‐2‐en‐1‐ones.
Authors: Srikrishna A. , Kumar P. Praveen 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Cyclopropane Carboxylic Acid Derivatives with Sulfur Tetrafluoride — An Example of a Diastereoselective Ring Opening.
Authors: Hell Z. , Finta Z. , Dmowski W. , Faigl F. , Pustovit Yu. M. , Toke L. , Harmat V. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrochloric Acid Catalysis of N‐Bromosuccinimide (NBS) Mediated Nuclear Aromatic Brominations in Acetone.
Authors: Andersh Brad , Murphy Drew L. , Olson Ryan J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Rapid Synthesis of Thiols from Alcohols under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Bandgar B. P. , Sadavarte V. S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple One‐Pot Procedure for the Direct Conversion of Alcohols to Azides via Phosphate Activation.
Authors: Yu Chengzhi , Liu Bin , Hu Longqin 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Functionalized 1,5‐Cyclononadienes by Intramolecular Cycloalkylation under α,α′‐Diallyl Coupling.
Authors: Deiters Alexander , Froehlich Roland , Hoppe Dieter 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of 2‐Nitroalkanols Mediated with LiAlH4 as Catalyst.
Authors: Youn So Won , Kim Yong Hae 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemistry of Diels—Alder Addition of 3‐Methyl‐3‐cyanocyclopropene to 1,4‐Disubstituted Butadienes. exo‐syn‐Orientation.
Authors: Rul' S. V. , Plemenkov V. V. , Gubaidullin A. T. , Litvinov I. A. , Kataeva O. N. , Apollonova S. A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloaddition Reactions of Furan Derivatives with Trifluoroethene.
Authors: Chambers Richard D. , Gilbert Alan F. , Powell Richard L. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Addition of Pyrroles to Vinyl Sulfones.
Authors: Sobenina L. N. , Es'kova L. A. , Mikhaleva A. I. , Toryashinova D.‐S. D. , Albanov A. I. , Trofimov B. A. , Zefirov N. S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New and Highly Efficient Immonium‐Type Peptide Coupling Reagents: Synthesis, Mechanism and Application.
Authors: Li Peng , Xu Jie‐Cheng 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Onium Ions. Part 55. Calculational Study of the Protonation of BXH2 and BX2H (X: F and Cl). Structures of BXH3+ and BX2H2+ and Their Dihydrogen Complexes BXH5+ and BX2H4+.
Authors: Rasul Golam , Olah George A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Bonding in Magnesium Difluoride Clusters: The MgF2 Molecule
Authors: Francisco E. , Costales A. , Martin Pendas A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A TiP2O7 Superstructure.
Authors: Norberg Stefan T. , Svensson Goeran , Albertsson Joergen 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.