bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteoconductive and Osteoinductive Properties of Zeolite MFI Coatings on Titanium Alloys
Authors: Bedi Rajwant S. , Zanello Laura P. , Yan Yushan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe use of zeolite MFI‐coated titanium alloy for bone cell growth and new bone formation in vitro is investigated. The corrosion‐resistant MFI coating is shown to be osteoconductive and to promote proliferation of human fetal osteoblasts (hFOBs) as compared to bare titanium alloy, Ti6Al4V. The zeolite crystal microstructure appears to facilitate osteoblast adhesion and induces osteointegration, as evaluated with microscopy. In addition, the zeolite promotes the differentiation of hFOBs into mature osteoblasts, as well as the production of a mineralized matrix at earlier times in culture compared to Ti6Al4V, indicating higher osteoinductive properties of the MFI coating than titanium alone. A significant increase in the expression of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP‐2) gene is measured in hFOBs cultured on zeolite coatings compared to bare Ti6Al4V. This is the first report on highly corrosion‐resistant zeolite MFI coatings on Ti6A14V alloys with the potential to be used as a material of improved osteointegration appropriate for bone tissue regeneration.
Vapor‐Phase Deposition of Monofunctional Alkoxysilanes for Sub‐Nanometer‐Level Biointerfacing on Silicon Oxide Surfaces
Authors: Dorvel Brian , Reddy Bobby , Block Ian , Mathias Patrick , Clare Susan E. , Cunningham Brian , Bergstrom Donald E. , Bashir Rashid 
Published: November 2009

AbstractImproving the performance and lowering the analyte detection limits of optical and electronic biosensors is essential for advancing wide ranging applications in diagnostics and drug discovery. Most sensing methods require direct linkage of a recognition element and a sensor, which is commonly accomplished through an organic monolayer interface. Alkoxyorganosilanes are typically used to prepare sensor surfaces on dielectric oxides. However, many silanes lead to roughened or thick interfaces that degrade device sensitivity. Here, controlled vapor phase deposition of monoalkoxysilanes is found to lead to monolayers resistant to elevated temperatures and extreme pH conditions. The formation of high density, subnanometer monolayers is demonstrated by ellipsometry, XPS, and AFM. The uniform attachment of these monofunctional silanes to such biosensing platforms as microarrays, field effect devices, and the formation of surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates is demonstrated. The advantages of using this silane deposition protocol for the above technologies are also discussed.
Fountain flow revisited: The effect of various fluid mechanics parameters
Authors: Mitsoulis Evan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNumerical simulations have been undertaken for the benchmark problem of fountain flow present in injection‐mold filling. The finite element method (FEM) is used to provide numerical results for both cases of planar and axisymmetric domains under laminar, isothermal, steady‐state conditions for Newtonian fluids. The effects of inertia, gravity, surface tension, compressibility, slip at the wall, and pressure dependence of the viscosity are all considered individually in parametric studies covering a wide range of the relevant parameters. These results extend previous ones regarding the shape of the front, and in particular the centerline front position, as a function of the dimensionless parameters. The pressures from the simulations have been used to compute the excess pressure losses in the system (front pressure correction or exit correction). Inertia leads to highly extended front positions relative to the inertialess Newtonian values, which are 0.895 for the planar case and 0.835 for the axisymmetric one. Gravity acting in the direction of flow shows the same effect, while gravity opposing the flow gives a reduced bulge of the fountain. Surface tension, slip at the wall, and compressibility, all decrease the shape of the front. Pressure‐dependence of the viscosity leads to increased front position as a corresponding dimensionless parameter goes from zero (no effect) to higher values of the pressure‐shift factor. The exit correction increases monotonically with inertia, compressibility, and gravity, while it decreases monotonically with slip and pressure‐dependence of the viscosity. Contour plots of the primary variables (velocity‐pressure) show interesting trends compared with the base case (zero values of the dimensionless parameters and of surface tension). © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Fast pyrolysis kinetics of expanded polystyrene foam
Authors: Kannan Pravin , Biernacki Joseph J. , Visco Donald P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFast pyrolysis of polymers, biomass and other substances is of great interest in various applications. For example, in the lost foam casting process, kinetic information about expandable polystyrene (EPS) decomposition under extremely high‐heating rate conditions is essential for further process development. A simple laboratory‐scale fast pyrolysis technique has been developed and demonstrated for elucidation of EPS decomposition kinetics. Pyrolysis experiments were performed at different reaction temperatures. The cumulative gaseous yields were determined using a flame ionization detector (FID) connected in series with the fast pyrolysis reactor. The governing equations for a semibatch reactor type were modified and applied to obtain kinetic parameters (activation energies and the pre‐exponential rate constants) for the EPS decomposition process. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Experimental and numerical research for fluidization behaviors in a gas–solid acoustic fluidized bed
Authors: Cao Changqing , Dong Shuqin , Zhao Yanan , Guo Qingjie 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe effects of sound assistance on fluidization behaviors were systematically investigated in a gas–solid acoustic fluidized bed. A model modified from Syamlal–O'Brien drag model was established. The original solid momentum equation was developed and an acoustic model was also proposed. The radial particle volume fraction, axial root‐mean‐square of bed pressure drop, granular temperature, and particle velocity in gas–solid acoustic fluidized bed were simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code Fluent 6.2. The results showed that radial particle volume fraction increased using modified drag model compared with that using the original one. Radial particle volume fraction was revealed as a parabolic concentration profile. Axial particle volume fraction decreased with the increasing bed height. The granular temperature increased with increasing sound pressure level. It showed that simulation values using CFD code Fluent 6.2 were in agreement with the experimental data. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
A unified model of property integration for batch and continuous processes
Authors: Chen Cheng‐Liang , Lee Jui‐Yuan , Ng Denny Kok Sum , Foo Dominic Chwan Yee 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis article aims to present a general model for synthesis of property‐based resource conservation networks. The proposed model is applicable to batch and continuous processes. Therein, the process systems are characterized by properties instead of composition that is found in most published works to date in the area of resource conservation. By treating continuous process as a special case of batch processes, both kinds of operations can be optimized with a unified model that is developed on the basis of a superstructure. The overall framework of property network is adopted, where material reuse/recycle, interception, and waste treatment are all taken into consideration. Apart from direct reuse/recycle, interception devices are employed to improve stream properties for further recovery, whereas effluent treatment is needed for compliance with environmental discharge limits. In addition, storage vessels are employed in batch processes to override intrinsic time constraint. Four case studies are solved to illustrate the proposed approach. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Occupational health crossing borders part 2: Comparison of 18 occupational health systems across the globe
Authors: Radon Katja , Ehrenstein Vera , Nowak Dennis , Bigaignon‐Cantineau Janine , Gonzalez Maria , Vellore Arun Dev , Zamora Veronica Enzina , Gupta Neeraj , Huang Lirong , Kandkers Salamat , Lanza Ana María Menchú , Garcia Leila Posenato , Patsis Keti Stylianos , Rojas Ana Maria Sanchez , Shoma Ashraf , Verbeek Jos 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackgroundOccupational health and safety (OHS) is considered one of the most important factors for a sustainable development; however, it is often considered a luxury by decision‐makers. This article compares OHS systems of 18 countries at different stages of development.MethodsIn an international summer school, structure of the national OHS system, definition of occupational accidents and diseases, procedures for compensation claims, outcome (expressed as incidence of occupational accidents) and training opportunities were presented.ResultsNational OHS systems ranged from non‐existent to systems implemented almost 200 years ago. Priorities, incidence of occupational accidents and training opportunities varied. Common problems included the lack of OHS service for small enterprises and in rural areas.ConclusionsInternational training programs like this summer school might enhance the exchange about OHS opportunities around the globe and contribute to improved workers health. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:55–63, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mandibulofacial syndrome with growth and mental retardation, microcephaly, ear anomalies with skin tags, and cleft palate in a mother and her son: Autosomal dominant or X‐linked syndrome?
Authors: Guion‐Almeida Maria Leine , Vendramini‐Pittoli Siulan , Passos‐Bueno Maria Rita Santos , Zechi‐Ceide Roseli Maria 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe report on a Brazilian mother and her son affected with mandibulofacial dysostosis, growth and mental retardation, microcephaly, first branchial arch anomalies, and cleft palate. To date only three males and one female, all sporadic cases, with a similar condition have been reported. This article describes the first familial case with this rare condition indicating autosomal dominant or X‐linked inheritance. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pre‐ and postnatal findings in a boy with duplication of the bladder and intestine: Report and review
Authors: Alfadhel Majid , Pugash Denise , Robinson Ashley James , Murphy James J. , Senger Christof , Afshar Kourosh , Armstrong Linlea 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe describe a boy with a septated bladder and dilated bowel loop found on prenatal ultrasonography. Subsequent prenatal MRI diagnosed a probable caudal duplication anomaly. Postnatal investigations and surgical findings confirmed duplication of bladder, urethra, and bowel from distal ileum to rectum. This is the first reported case of combined bladder and colon duplication suspected antenatally with thorough imaging investigations including fetal MRI. While diagnosis of bladder duplication has been described, prenatal diagnosis of intestinal duplication has not been documented previously. This report of prenatal imaging with surgical and pathological correlation contributes to our detailed understanding of the spectrum of anatomy seen in caudal duplication anomaly. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The phenotypic spectrum of contiguous deletion of CYP21A2 and tenascin XB: Quadricuspid aortic valve and other midline defects
Authors: Chen Wuyan , Kim Mimi S. , Shanbhag Sujata , Arai Andrew , VanRyzin Carol , McDonnell Nazli B. , Merke Deborah P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCongenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21‐hydroxylase deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder and is the most common cause of ambiguous genitalia in the newborn. The genes encoding 21‐hydroxylase, CYP21A2, and tenascin‐X (TNX), TNXB, are located within the HLA complex, in a region of high gene density termed the RCCX module. The module has multiple pseudogenes as well as tandem repeat sequences that promote misalignment during meiosis leading to complex gene rearrangements, deletions and gene conversion events. CYP21A2 mutations cause CAH, and TNX deficiency has been identified as a cause of hypermobility type Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS). Here we report on a three‐generation family with a heterozygous deletion encompassing CYP21A2 and TNXB that initially came to medical attention due to the diagnosis of CAH in the proposita. Southern blotting and PCR‐based analysis of the RCCX module revealed a CYP21A2 deletion extending into TNXB in one allele and a CYP21A2 point mutation in the other allele. Family history is notable for joint hypermobility. Additional radiological and clinical investigations showed a quadricuspid aortic valve, single kidney, bicornuate uterus and a bifid uvula in the proposita, and mitral valve prolapse in her mother. These findings further delineate the phenotype of the CAH‐TNX contiguous gene deletion syndrome and point to an intersection of connective tissue dysplasias with a common gene‐mediated endocrine disorder. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel SOX2 mutations and genotype–phenotype correlation in anophthalmia and microphthalmia
Authors: Schneider Adele , Bardakjian Tanya , Reis Linda M. , Tyler Rebecca C. , Semina Elena V. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSOX2 represents a High Mobility Group domain containing transcription factor that is essential for normal development in vertebrates. Mutations in SOX2 are known to result in a spectrum of severe ocular phenotypes in humans, also typically associated with other systemic defects. Ocular phenotypes include anophthalmia/microphthalmia (A/M), optic nerve hypoplasia, ocular coloboma and other eye anomalies. We screened 51 unrelated individuals with A/M and identified SOX2 mutations in the coding region of the gene in 10 individuals. Seven of the identified mutations are novel alterations, while the remaining three individuals carry the previously reported recurrent 20‐nucleotide deletion in SOX2, c.70del20. Among the SOX2‐positive cases, seven patients had bilateral A/M and mutations resulting in premature termination of the normal protein sequence (7/38; 18% of all bilateral cases), one patient had bilateral A/M associated with a single amino acid insertion (1/38; 3% of bilateral cases), and the final two patients demonstrated unilateral A/M associated with missense mutations (2/13; 15% of all unilateral cases). These findings and review of previously reported cases suggest a potential genotype/phenotype correlation for SOX2 mutations with missense changes generally leading to less severe ocular defects. In addition, we report a new familial case of affected siblings with maternal mosaicism for the identified SOX2 mutation, which further underscores the importance of parental testing to provide accurate genetic counseling to families. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recurrence risks for trisomies 13, 18, and 21
Authors: De Souza Elizabeth , Halliday Jane , Chan Annabelle , Bower Carol , Morris Joan K. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe objective was to establish whether the risk of trisomies 13, 18, and 21 (Patau, Edwards, and Down syndrome, respectively) in a subsequent pregnancy is raised for women who have had a previous pregnancy with trisomy 13, 18, or 21. Birth defect register data were used to investigate this issue. Pregnancy data from three Australian population‐based birth defect registers contained 5,906 women with a previous trisomy 13, 18, or 21 pregnancy in whom there were 3,713 subsequent pregnancies, 75 of which were trisomic. Relative risk of subsequent trisomy at 15 weeks gestation was estimated by comparing the observed number of subsequent trisomies with the expected number of subsequent trisomies based on maternal age‐related risk. There was evidence of increased risk of the same trisomy subsequent to a previous pregnancy with trisomy 13 or 18 (RR = 3.8 (1.5, 7.9)), the increase in risk being greater for women aged under 35 at the previous trisomic pregnancy (RR = 7.8 (2.1, 20.2)). There was also evidence of increased risk of trisomy 21 subsequent to previous trisomy 21 (RR = 2.2 (1.6, 2.9)), again higher in women under 35 at previous affected pregnancy (RR = 3.5 (2.1, 5.5)). There was a suggestion that the risk of a different trisomy subsequent to trisomy 21 may also be increased (RR = 1.4 (0.7, 2.5)). In conclusion, women who have had a previous trisomic pregnancy, particularly those under 35 years of age at the time, appear to be at an increased risk of future pregnancies being trisomic. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cerebral and cerebellar white matter abnormalities with magnetic resonance imaging in a child with Feingold syndrome
Authors: Lehman Vance T. , Patterson Marc C. , Babovic‐Vuksanovic Dusica , Rydberg Charlotte 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFeingold syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant condition that is characterized by variable expressivity of microcephaly, limb malformations, esophageal atresia, and a host of other malformations. This syndrome results from mutations in the MYCN proto‐oncogene. Few examples of cross‐sectional imaging of the brain in these patients are found in the literature. We present a patient who was found to have areas of cerebral and cerebellar white matter hyperintensity with T2 weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. To the best of our knowledge, this finding has not been previously described. While the significance and pathologic basis of this finding are unknown, its recognition is important since it has potential to be confused with imaging findings in other conditions. Moreover, it is likely to be observed in the future due to increased use of MR imaging. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Longitudinal course of cognitive, adaptive, and behavioral characteristics in Costello syndrome
Authors: Axelrad Marni E. , Schwartz David D. , Fehlis Julie E. , Hopkins Elizabeth , Stabley Deborah L. , Sol‐Church Katia , Gripp Karen W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCostello syndrome is a rare rasopathy caused by germline mutations in the oncogene HRAS resulting in increased signal transduction through the Ras/mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway. In contrast to the more common rasopathies, such as neurofibromatosis type 1 and Noonan syndrome, limited information is available on standardized cognitive testing in this cohort. Past research indicated a mean average IQ in the mild mental retardation range, with strengths in fluid reasoning (FR) and weakness in expressive language, as well as static skills over time. Here we report on standardized IQ and adaptive functioning in 18 individuals with Costello syndrome, nine males and nine females, and longitudinal development for 11 who had previous testing. The overall IQ, ranging from severe mental retardation to the average range, with a mean in the mildly mentally retarded range, was again found to be stable, but an interesting pattern in the development of nonverbal FR was identified. Participants showed an improvement in nonverbal FR, followed by stable skills thereafter, suggesting a “late bloomer” effect in late childhood/early adolescence. Overall adaptive functioning fell into the range of Intellectual Disability for 70% of subjects, with Socialization as a relative strength and Daily Living Skills an area of relative difficulty. Interestingly, females were found to be higher functioning than males in all domains, including Communication, Daily Living Skills and Socialization. Caregivers reported significantly more behavioral concerns in males, including internalizing, externalizing, and other maladaptive behaviors. In contrast, no gender differences were found in cognitive or visuomotor functioning. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic perspectives on forager‐farmer interaction in the Luangwa Valley of Zambia
Authors: de Filippo Cesare , Heyn Patricia , Barham Lawrence , Stoneking Mark , Pakendorf Brigitte 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe transformation from a foraging way of life to a reliance on domesticated plants and animals often led to the expansion of agropastoralist populations at the expense of hunter‐gatherers (HGs). In Africa, one of these expansions involved the Niger‐Congo Bantu‐speaking populations that started to spread southwards from Cameroon/Nigeria ∼4,000 years ago, bringing agricultural technologies. Genetic studies have shown different degrees of gene flow (sometimes involving sex‐biased migrations) between Bantu agriculturalists and HGs. Although these studies have covered many parts of sub‐Saharan Africa, the central part (e.g. Zambia) was not yet studied, and the interactions between immigrating food‐producers and local HGs are still unclear. Archeological evidence from the Luangwa Valley of Zambia suggests a long period of coexistence (∼1,700 years) of early food‐producers and HGs. To investigate if this apparent coexistence was accompanied by genetic admixture, we analyzed the mtDNA control region, Y chromosomal unique event polymorphisms, and 12 associated Y‐ short tandem repeats in two food‐producing groups (Bisa and Kunda) that live today in the Luangwa Valley, and compared these data with available published data on African HGs. Our results suggest that both the Bisa and Kunda experienced at most low levels of admixture with HGs, and these levels do not differ between the maternal and paternal lineages. Coalescent simulations indicate that the genetic data best fit a demographic scenario with a long divergence (62,500 years) and little or no gene flow between the ancestors of the Bisa/Kunda and existing HGs. This scenario contrasts with the archaeological evidence for a long period of coexistence between the two different communities in the Luangwa Valley, and suggests a process of sociocultural boundary maintenance may have characterized their interaction. Am J Phys Anthropol 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.