bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual impairment and cognitive performance: A nationwide study of 1.4 million adolescents
Authors: Nitzan Itay , Derazne Estela , Afek Arnon , Einan‐Lifshitz Adi , Morad Yair , Yahalom Claudia , Peled Alon 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposePrevious research highlights the adverse effects of visual impairment (VI) on academic achievement in children, yet its impact on cognitive performance among adolescents and young adults remains under‐studied. Therefore, this investigation aimed to analyse this association in a nationwide sample of Israeli adolescents.MethodsA retrospective population‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted among 1,410,616 Israeli‐born adolescents aged 16–19 years, who were assessed before mandatory military service between 1993 and 2017. The definition of VI was based on best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurements using a standard Snellen chart. Adolescents with BCVA worse than 6/9 in either or both eyes were classified as having unilateral or bilateral VI, respectively. Cognitive performance was measured using the General Intelligence Score (GIS), based on a validated four‐domain test. Relationships were analysed using regression models yielding adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for low (<−1 standard deviation [SD]) and high (≥1 SD) cognitive Z‐scores.ResultsOf 1,410,616 adolescents (56.1% men), 13,773 (1.0%) had unilateral and 3980 (0.3%) had bilateral VI. Unilateral VI was associated with adjusted ORs for low and high cognitive Z‐scores of 1.24 (1.19–1.30) and 0.84 (0.80–0.89), respectively. ORs were accentuated for bilateral VI, reaching 1.62 (1.50–1.75) and 0.81 (0.74–0.90) for low and high cognitive Z‐scores, respectively. Cognitive performance subscores mirrored these results, with the visual–spatial functioning subtest demonstrating the greatest effect size. These associations persisted in sub‐analyses restricted to adolescents with amblyopia‐related VI, mild VI and unimpaired health status.ConclusionsVisual impairment, including mild and unilateral cases, is associated with reduced cognitive performance scores assessed in late adolescence. Further research is required to gain a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics underlying this relationship.
Evaluation of Apis mellifera brain morphophysiology in response to titanium dioxide nanoparticles and deltamethrin co‐exposure
Authors: Shahzad Kiran , Manzoor Farkhanda 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHoneybees are important insects, both economically and as pollinators. While foraging, bees can come in contact with environmental pollutants such as pesticides, possibly in combination with other xenobiotic compounds that may compromise bee health. Our current study investigated the acute exposure to nanosized titanium dioxide, a common additive in food, cosmetics, paints and agricultural products, along with deltamethrin (DLT), a well‐known pyrethroid pesticide. The effects of binary exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2‐NPs) nanoparticles at concentrations of 25, 50, 75 and 100 μg/mL with DLT were noted on Apis mellifera brain histology along with their possible synergism. In DLT‐ and combined TiO2‐NP‐DLT treated bees, survival rates were lowered and several histological alterations were observed including an increased number of cells with pyknotic nuclei, along with cytoplasmic vacuolization, chromatin compaction and degeneration indicating autophagic activity and a decrease in the cross‐sectional area of nanoparticle‐treated mushroom body calyces. A synergistic relationship between TiO2‐NPs and DLT was revealed, while LD50 for combined TiO2‐NP‐DLT treatment was 0.101, 0.09 and 0.02 μg/bee at 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. In summary, results demonstrate that TiO2‐NP and DLT co‐exposure can induce damage in bee brain structures at higher concentrations, which indicates an additional risk factor for bee health in the field.
Bacillus tequilensis influences metabolite production in tomato and restores soil microbial diversity during Fusarium oxysporum infection
Authors: Bhattacharya A. , Chauhan P. , Singh S. P. , Narayan S. , Bajpai R. K. , Dwivedi A. , Mishra A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

This study evaluates cellular damage, metabolite profiling, and defence‐related gene expression in tomato plants and soil microflora during Fusarium wilt disease after treatment with B. tequilensis PBE‐1.

Histochemical analysis showed that PBE‐1 was the primary line of defence through lignin deposition and reduced cell damage. GC–MS revealed that PBE‐1 treatment ameliorated stress caused by F. oxysporum infection. PBE‐1 also improved transpiration, photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance in tomato. qRT‐PCR suggested that the defence‐related genes FLS2, SERK, NOS, WRKYT, NHO, SAUR, and MYC2, which spread infection, were highly upregulated during F. oxysporum infection, but either downregulated or expressed normally in PBE‐1 + P treated plants. This indicates that the plant not only perceives the bio‐control agent as a non‐pathogen entity but its presence in normal metabolism and gene expression within the host plant is maintained. The study further corroborated findings that application of PBE‐1 does not cause ecological disturbances in the rhizosphere.

Activity of soil microflora across four treatments, measured by Average Well Colour Development (AWCD), showed continuous increases from weeks 1 to 4 post-pathogen infection, with distinct substrate usage patterns like tannic and fumaric acids impacting microbial energy source utilization and diversity. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and diversity indices like McIntosh, Shannon, and Simpson further illustrated significant microbial community shifts over the study period.

In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that B. tequilensis PBE‐1 is an ideal bio‐agent for field application during Fusarium wilt disease management in tomato.
Assessing the influence of dopamine and mindfulness on the formation of routines in visual search
Authors: Garner Kelly G. , Leow Li‐Ann , Uchida Aya , Nolan Christopher , Jensen Ole , Garrido Marta I. , Dux Paul E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGiven experience in cluttered but stable visual environments, our eye‐movements form stereotyped routines that sample task‐relevant locations, while not mixing‐up routines between similar task‐settings. Both dopamine signaling and mindfulness have been posited as factors that influence the formation of such routines, yet quantification of their impact remains to be tested in healthy humans. Over two sessions, participants searched through grids of doors to find hidden targets, using a gaze‐contingent display. Within each session, door scenes appeared in either one of two colors, with each color signaling a differing set of likely target locations. We derived measures for how well target locations were learned (target‐accuracy), how routine were sets of eye‐movements (stereotypy), and the extent of interference between the two scenes (setting‐accuracy). Participants completed two sessions, where they were administered either levodopa (dopamine precursor) or placebo (vitamin C), under double‐blind counterbalanced conditions. Dopamine and trait mindfulness (assessed by questionnaire) interacted to influence both target‐accuracy and stereotypy. Increasing dopamine improved accuracy and reduced stereotypy for high mindfulness scorers, but induced the opposite pattern for low mindfulness scorers. Dopamine also disrupted setting‐accuracy invariant to mindfulness. Our findings show that mindfulness modulates the impact of dopamine on the target‐accuracy and stereotypy of eye‐movement routines, whereas increasing dopamine promotes interference between task‐settings, regardless of mindfulness. These findings provide a link between non‐human and human models regarding the influence of dopamine on the formation of task‐relevant eye‐movement routines and provide novel insights into behavior‐trait factors that modulate the use of experience when building adaptive repertoires.
miRSNP rs188493331: A key player in genetic control of microRNA‐induced pathway activation in hypertrophic scars and keloids
Authors: Chen Meiqing , Pan Yuyan , Chen Zhiwei , Qi Fazhi , Gu Jianying , Qiu Yangyang , He Anqi , Liu Jiaqi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundOur study aims to delineate the miRSNP–microRNA–gene–pathway interactions in the context of hypertrophic scars (HS) and keloids.Materials and MethodsWe performed a computational biology study involving differential expression analysis to identify genes and their mRNAs in HS and keloid tissues compared to normal skin, identifying key hub genes and enriching their functional roles, comprehensively analyzing microRNA‐target genes and related signaling pathways through bioinformatics, identifying MiRSNPs, and constructing a pathway‐based network to illustrate miRSNP‐miRNA‐gene‐signaling pathway interactions.ResultsOur results revealed a total of 429 hub genes, with a strong enrichment in signaling pathways related to proteoglycans in cancer, focal adhesion, TGF‐β, PI3K/Akt, and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance. Particularly noteworthy was the substantial crosstalk between the focal adhesion and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, making them more susceptible to regulation by microRNAs. We also identified specific miRNAs, including miRNA‐1279, miRNA‐429, and miRNA‐302e, which harbored multiple SNP loci, with miRSNPs rs188493331 and rs78979933 exerting control over a significant number of miRNA target genes. Furthermore, we observed that miRSNP rs188493331 shared a location with microRNA302e, microRNA202a‐3p, and microRNA20b‐5p, and these three microRNAs collectively targeted the gene LAMA3, which is integral to the focal adhesion signaling pathway.ConclusionsThe study successfully unveils the complex interactions between miRSNPs, miRNAs, genes, and signaling pathways, shedding light on the genetic factors contributing to HS and keloid formation.
Transfusion management and hemoglobin‐based oxygen carrier treatment in a patient with anti‐Rh17 antibody
Authors: Mehr Noah , Fuja Christine , Simon Cody , Carll Timothy , Alkhateb Rahaf , Wu Sulin , Patel Anand A. , Aldarweesh Fatima 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundA 54‐year‐old Hispanic OPos female with known history of anti‐Rh17 antibodies was diagnosed with Philadelphia‐Chromosome positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Rh17, also known as Hr0, is a high‐frequency antigen composed of several epitopes on the RhCE protein. Anti‐Rh17 antibodies can be made by individuals with missing or varied C/c, E/e antigens. Anti‐Rh17 antibodies are clinically significant given multiple case reports of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). Finding compatible units for patients with anti‐Rh17 can be particularly difficult given that only 1 in 100,000 people are Rh17 negative.Study Design and MethodsSearch for compatible units was conducted by the American Rare Donor Program (ARDP) with no leads. After chemotherapy induction and despite erythropoiesis stimulating agent administration, the patient's hemoglobin continued to trend down to a nadir of 2.8 g/dL. Here we report transfusion of incompatible pRBC to this patient with critically symptomatic anemia. HBOC‐201 (Hemopure) was obtained and administered under an emergency compassionate/expanded access designation from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under an emergency Investigational New Drug (IND) application.Results and DiscussionOverall difficulties in this case included the challenge of finding compatible units, dilemma of transfusing incompatible units in a patient with severe anemia and obtaining alternatives to blood products. This case report demonstrates the successful use of HBOC‐21 in treating life‐threatening anemia.
Comparison of hematologic variables among Warmbloods, Thoroughbreds, and Western stock horse breeds
Authors: Schaefer E. A. , Edman J. , Magdesian K. G. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundHematology is a diagnostic tool used to evaluate the health status of horses. However, breed differences are often not considered.ObjectivesThe objective was to compare complete blood count variables among Warmbloods, Thoroughbreds, and stock horses (SH).MethodsNinety‐six healthy horses were grouped by breed (Warmbloods, Thoroughbreds, and SH). Samples were collected through venipuncture for complete blood count analysis. One‐way ANOVA with Tukey's tests or Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn's post hoc tests were used to compare hematologic variables among groups.ResultsWarmbloods had a significantly lower total white blood cell (WBC) count (6.08 ± 1.11 × 109/L) and lymphocyte count (1.76 ± 0.41 × 109/L) than Thoroughbreds (7.28 ± 1.45; 2.28 ± 5.16 × 109/L, respectively; P < .001) and SH (7.21 ± 1.18 × 109/L, P < .01; 2.10 ± 5.17 × 109/L; P < .05). Warmbloods had a significantly lower red blood cell count (7.7 ± 0.8 × 1012/L) and higher mean corpuscular volume (MCV, 49.4 ± 2.2 fL) than Thoroughbreds (8.42 ± 1.2 × 1012/L, P < .01; 47.3 ± 3.0 fL). Warmbloods had lower MCVs than SH (49.4 ± 2.2 vs 51.2 ± 2.6 fL). The mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) was higher in Warmbloods (35.0, 33.8–36.2 g/dL) and Thoroughbreds (34.9, 33.4–35.7 g/dL) than in SH breeds (34.0, 33.4–35.4 g/dL; P < .001, both). Total protein concentrations were significantly lower in Thoroughbreds (67, 59–80 g/L) compared with SH (71, 64–83 g/dL) (P < .05).ConclusionsWarmbloods had decreased WBC and lymphocyte counts compared with Thoroughbreds and SH, and Thoroughbreds had increased red blood cell counts. Thoroughbreds had lower total protein concentrations than SH. Clinicians should consider breed differences when interpreting hematologic values.
Re-Estimating Inflation Threshold Level for Tanzania
Authors: Mbowe Wilfred E. , Mpango Hossana P. 
Published: April 2024

The study seeks to estimate the relationship between inflation and economic growth, as well as the headline inflation threshold level beyond or below which Tanzania’s economic growth is constrained. This was achieved through the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regressions employing quarterly data spanning the period 2001:1 to 2021:4. The findings suggest that the coefficient of inflation variable that captures the effect of low inflation on growth is statistically significant and positive, implying that low inflation is pro-growth. One percent increase in inflation leads to an economic growth of 0.352 percent. Furthermore, the coefficient of the high inflation proxy variable has a negative sign with the inflation threshold level being seven percent. At this level, the total effect of inflation on growth is estimated at 0.3494 percent. Moreover, optimal inflation levels of one to three percent have no impact on growth, as mirrored by invariable adjusted R2.The recommendations from the results of this study are three-fold. First, the Bank of Tanzania may consider inflation targets below seven percent but above three percent in the monetary policy planning to continue supporting economic growth. Second, since the Bank has largely depended on inflation behaviour in informing inflation targets to choose, which ended into picking targets far from the optimal inflation, it is essential that the Bank also benefits from empirically estimated threshold rates. Third, in order to utilize any new information emanating from structural changes and developments in the economy, inflation threshold level should be re-estimated regularly.
On noncommutative distributional Khintchine type inequalities
Authors: Jiao Yong , Quan Xingyan , Sukochev Fedor , Zanin Dmitriy 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to provide distributional estimates for the series of the form with being elements from noncommutative Lorentz spaces and being Rademacher functions. To this end, we introduce a novel class of operators that are closely related to the dual Cesáro operator and construct a new extrapolation theorem that is of independent interest.
Koszul self‐duality of manifolds
Authors: Malin Connor 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe show that Koszul duality for operads in can be expressed via generalized Thom complexes. As an application, we prove the Koszul self‐duality of the right module associated to a framed manifold . We discuss implications for factorization homology, embedding calculus, and confirm an old conjecture of Ching on the relation of Goodwillie calculus to manifold calculus.
Improved Durability of a Modular Axial Fixator for Stable and Unstable Proximal Femoral Fractures: A Patient-Specific Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Celık H. Kursat , Içen Mustafa , Ozdemır Hakan , Rennıe Allan E.W. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Femoral neck fractures, comprising 8–10% of all bodily fractures in the elderly, often necessitate alternatives to extensive surgical interventions. Despite limited research, external fixators are considered promising. This study evaluates the design and durability of a novel modular axial fixator (MAF) for stable and unstable proximal femoral fractures, using numerical method-based engineering analysis. Employing patient-specific CT scan data, three-dimensional (3D) solid modeling, and finite element analysis (FEA), the MAF-bone fixation is examined in eight simulation scenarios under static loading conditions. FEA results show a peak femur head displacement of 7.429 mm in FEA 001, with Schanz screw no. 2 reaching the maximum equivalent stress at 431.060 MPa in FEA-006. Notably, the 7.429-mm displacement improves stability compared to previous studies, yet interfragmentary movement surpasses the 100–200 μm reference range for primary fracture healing, posing challenges to direct healing despite enhanced stability. This study validates the durability of the innovative MAF for femoral neck fractures through engineering simulations. It contributes to understanding MAF durability issues, with implications for improving medical implant design in the industry. Simulation results offer opportunities for optimizing structure and production, enhancing the MAF's design, and ultimately benefiting medical implant manufacturing.
Physics-Informed Approximation of Internal Thermal History for Surface Deformation Predictions in Wire Arc Directed Energy Deposition
Authors: Zamiela Christian , Stokes Ryan , Tian Wenmeng , Doude Haley , Priddy Matthew W. , Bian Linkan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This work presents a physics-informed fusion methodology for deformation detection using multi-sensor thermal data. A challenge with additive manufacturing (AM) is that abnormalities commonly occur due to rapid changes in the thermal gradient. Different non-destructive in-situ thermal sensors capture parts of the thermal history but are limited by the visible temperature spectrum and sensor field of view of the fabrication process. Various sensors mitigate problems with the loss of thermal history information; however, it brings forth challenges with integrating different data streams and the need to interpolate the internal thermal history. This study develops a thermal data-informed heat flux methodology that fills the gap in fusing numerical temperature approximation with data-driven knowledge of the surface of additive manufactured components. First, this study fuses infrared (IR) thermal data complexities during the AM process with the Goldak double ellipsoidal heat flux to model the energy input into the component. Second, a thermal physics-informed model input (PIMI) is created with thermal data-informed heat flux to capture internal thermal history. Lastly, a regression convolutional neural network (CNN) captures the relationship between the three-dimensional thermal gradient and the resulting surface deformation. The rapid thermal gradient formation and identification of deformation is a key step toward using thermal history data and machine learning to improve quality control in AM. The proposed surface deformation detection model achieved an mean squared error of 1.14 mm and an R2 of 0.89 in the case study when fabricating thin-walled structures.
Transient Performance Analysis of Centrifugal Left Ventricular Assist Devices Coupled With Windkessel Model: Large Eddy Simulations Study on Continuous and Pulsatile Flow Operation
Authors: Gil Antonio , Navarro Roberto , Quintero Pedro , Mares Andrea 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are widely used to develop and analyze blood-contacting medical devices such as left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). This work presents an analysis of the transient behavior of two centrifugal LVADs with different designs: HeartWare VAD and HeartMate3. A scale-resolving methodology is followed through Large Eddy Simulations, which allows for the visualization of turbulent structures. The three-dimensional (3D) LVAD models are coupled to a zero-dimensional (0D) 2-element Windkessel model, which accounts for the vascular resistance and compliance of the arterial system downstream of the device. Furthermore, both continuous- and pulsatile-flow operation modes are analyzed. For the pulsatile conditions, the artificial pulse of HeartMate3 is imposed, leading to a larger variation of performance variables in HeartWare VAD than in HeartMate3. Moreover, CFD results of pulsatile-flow simulations are compared to those obtained by accessing the quasi-steady maps of the pumps. The quasi-steady approach is a predictive tool used to provide a preliminary approximation of the pulsatile evolution of flow rate, pressure head, and power, by only imposing a speed pulse and vascular parameters. This preliminary quasi-steady solution can be useful for deciding the characteristics of the pulsatile speed law before running a transient CFD simulation, as the former entails a significant reduction in computational cost in comparison to the latter.
Development of Freeze Resistant Heat Pipe With Water as Working Fluid for Automotive Applications
Authors: Date Ashwin , Singh Randeep , Oridate Tomoki , Mochizuki Masataka , Date Abhijit , Akbarzadeh Aliakbar , Nag Sarthak 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The wide spread adoption of heat pipes in automotive and aviation application is hampered by the fact that they require protection against frost damage caused by the repetitive exposure to subzero temperatures. Here, we present heat pipe with ethylene glycol and water as working fluid that can prevent damage to the copper container on exposure to cyclic freezing and thaw. In this research, different mass concentrations of water and ethylene glycol have been tested for freeze protection of heat pipes. Experimental investigations have shown that 3.5% by mass concentration of ethylene glycol in water is able to sustain the cyclic freezing and avoid any damage to the copper pipe. In this research, the freezing and heating cycle is set to operate between −40 °C and 90 °C. Heat pipes used for testing in this research were 6 mm in diameter and 150 mm long with copper fiber spiral wick. Thermal performance tests were carried out on these heat pipes with charging ratio of working fluid varying between 10% to 30% by volume. It is observed that the thermal resistance of heat pipe with working fluid charging ratio in range of 10% to 25% by volume varies from 0.6 °C/W to 0.2 °C/W for the rate of heat transfer of 10 W–50 W. While the charging ratios beyond 25% have shown the higher thermal resistance in the range of 0.8 to 1.0 °C/W for similar rate of heat transfer. All the samples were subjected to 150 freezing and thaw cycles and did not show any signs of frost damage. Accelerated life tests were performed on these heat pipes for up to 500 h and did not presented any signs of degradation in their thermal performance.