bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risky Adolescent Sexual Behaviors and Reproductive Health in Young Adulthood
Authors: Scott Mindy E. , Wildsmith Elizabeth , Welti Kate , Ryan Suzanne , Schelar Erin , Steward‐Streng Nicole R. 
Published: May 2011

CONTEXT: Little research links adolescent risk behaviors to reproductive health outcomes beyond adolescence, although young adults—men and women in their early 20s— bear a disproportionate burden of STDs and unintended childbearing.
METHODS: To assess whether individuals who engaged in risk behaviors during adolescence had increased risk of negative reproductive health outcomes in young adulthood, data from Waves 1–4 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health on 5,798 sexually active respondents were analyzed. Logistic and multinomial logistic regressions examined associations between risk behaviors (cumulatively and individually) and each of three outcomes.
RESULTS: Four in 10 youth reported at least three risk factors during adolescence. Women who were exposed to an increasing number of risks had an elevated likelihood of having had multiple sex partners in the last year, rather than none (relative risk ratio, 1.3); having had an STD (odds ratio, 1.1); and having had an intended or unintended birth, as opposed to no birth (relative risk ratio, 1.1 for each). Inconsistent contraceptive use and having had multiple partners, a nonmonogamous partner or a nonromantic partner were associated with reporting multiple partners in the last year; inconsistent use, sexual debut after age 16 and not discussing contraception with a partner were associated with having any birth.
CONCLUSIONS: Teenagers’ sexual behaviors have both short‐term and long‐term consequences, and interventions that focus on multiple domains of risk may be the most effective in helping to promote broad reproductive health among young adults.
Diagnostic efficiency of truncated area under the curve from 0 to 2 h (AUC0–2) of mycophenolic acid in kidney transplant recipients receiving mycophenolate mofetil and concomitant tacrolimus
Authors: Lampón Natalia , Tutor-Crespo María J. , Romero Rafael , Tutor José C. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract

Background: Recently, the use of the truncated area under the curve from 0 to 2 h (AUC0–2) of mycophenolic acid (MPA) has been proposed for therapeutic monitoring in liver transplant recipients. The aim of our study was the evaluation of the clinical usefulness of truncated AUC0–2 in kidney transplant patients.

Methods: Plasma MPA was measured in samples taken before the morning dose of mycophenolate mofetil, and one-half and 2 h post-dose, completing 63 MPA concentration-time profiles from 40 adult kidney transplant recipients. The AUC from 0 to 12 h (AUC0–12) was calculated using the validated algorithm of Pawinski et al. The truncated AUC0–2 was calculated using the linear trapezoidal rule, and extrapolated to 0–12 h (trapezoidal extrapolated AUC0–12) as previously described.

Results: Algorithm calculated and trapezoidal extrapolated AUC0–12 values showed high correlation (r=0.995) and acceptable dispersion (ma68=0.71 μg·h/mL), median prediction error (6.6%) and median absolute prediction error (12.6%). The truncated AUC0–2 had acceptable diagnostic efficiency (87%) in the classification of subtherapeutic, therapeutic or supratherapeutic values with respect to AUC0–12. However, due to the high inter-individual variation of the drug absorption-rate, the dispersion between both pharmacokinetic variables (ma68=6.9 μg·h/mL) was unacceptable.

Conclusions: The substantial dispersion between truncated AUC0–2 and AUC0–12 values may be a serious objection for the routine use of MPA AUC0–2 in clinical practice.
High-throughput LC-MS/MS method for monitoring sirolimus and everolimus in the routine clinical laboratory
Authors: Ivanova Mariela , Artusi Carlo , Polo Giulia , Zaninotto Martina , Plebani Mario 
Published: May 2011

Abstract

Background: Immunosuppressant therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is an important requirement in post-transplant patient care. In recent years, high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has become a valid alternative to antibody-based immunoassays in TDM due to its high specificity and sensitivity. Furthermore, this technology allows for the simultaneous measurement of several immunosuppressive drugs. The aim of the present study was to establish a straightforward, robust, and high-throughput LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of sirolimus and everolimus in whole blood in order to replace immunoassays in our routine practice.

Methods: Five-level blood calibrators were employed for assay development, while three materials at different concentrations were used for internal quality control. The proposed method uses protein precipitation for sample preparation. Analyses were performed using a triple quadrupole LC-MS/MS, with a C18 held at 60°C. Using an appropriate gradient elution profile and SPE on-line, elution times for all compounds analysed were 2.6 min with a total run-time of 3.5 min.

Results: Calibration curves were linear throughout the selected ranges. The intra- and inter-assay CVs (<7%), the limit of quantification (0.2 μg/L) and accuracy were highly satisfactory. On testing the results using the international proficiency testing scheme (UK-NEQAS), the performance of the proposed method was found to be highly reliable.

Conclusions: The findings made by us indicate that the proposed method is of value, since it is speedy, straightforward, accurate, and applicable to different LC-MS/MS instruments for the routine TDM of organ transplant recipients.
A simple liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for measuring metanephrine and normetanephrine in urine
Authors: Gabler Jessica , Miller Abby , Wang Sihe 
Published: May 2011

Abstract

Background: Measuring urinary fractionated metanephrines is one of the initial tests in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) represents the most specific and accurate technology for this purpose. The goal of this work was to develop a simple LC-MS/MS method for measuring metanephrines in urine.

Methods: Each urine sample was complexed with diphenylboronic acid, and purified on a Bond-Elute Plexa cartridge. The extract was concentrated and analyzed on a short Atlantis T3 column in 8.5 min. Metanephrines and their deuterated internal standards were monitored in positive electrospray ionization mode by multiple reaction monitoring.

Results: Ion suppression was observed, but was compensated for by the respective internal standard. The analytical measurement range was 0.2–27.4 μmol/L and 0.3–14.6 μmol/L for metanephrine and normetanephrine, respectively. The intra-assay and total coefficient of variation throughout the linear ranges was 2.03%–2.11% and 2.20%–3.80% for metanephrine, and 4.50%–8.09% and 9.00%–10.00% for normetanephrine, respectively. Comparison with a commercial HPLC method using patient samples (n=65) by Passing-Bablok regression showed a slope of 1.000 and 1.014, y-intercept of –0.080 and –0.067, a correlation coefficient of 0.8830 and 0.9022, and a mean difference of 14.0% and –0.43% for metanephrine and normetanephrine, respectively.

Conclusions: This simple method for urine metanephrines is suitable for clinical use.
Variation, change and constructions in English
Authors: Hoffmann Thomas , Trousdale Graeme 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
All human languages are characterised by inherent synchronic variability (Hudson, Cognitive Linguistics 8: 73–108, 1997, English Language and Linguistics 11: 383–405, 2007a) and are subject to change over time. Consequently, due to this central role of variation and change, any explanatorily adequate cognitive theory of language should aim to account for both of these phenomena. The present special issue explores how usage-based Construction Grammars can address issues of linguistic variation and change. In particular, focusing on English, we will show how constructionist approaches provide new insights for the study of variation and change in the English language as well as how data from English can help to refine construction grammar theories. This introduction will give a short overview of aspects of constructionist approaches to language which are of relevance to the modelling of linguistic variation and change. In addition to our discussion of the modelling of synchronic and diachronic variation in construction grammar, we provide an overview of the topics addressed by the seven articles in this special issue.
Constructional Preemption by Contextual Mismatch: A Corpus-Linguistic Investigation
Authors: Stefanowitsch Anatol 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The seeming absence of negative evidence in the input that children receive during language acquisition has long been regarded as a serious problem for non-nativist linguistic theories. Among the solutions that have been suggested for this problem, preemption by competing structures is doubtless the most intensively researched and widely accepted. However, while preemption works well in the domain of morphology, it cannot apply categorically in the domain of syntax, as this would preclude the existence of semantically overlapping constructions, such as the ditransitive and the prepositional dative, which can be used alternatively with many, but not all, verbs of literal or metaphorical transfer. This paper investigates one specific version of preemption briefly entertained by Pinker (Language learnability and language development, Harvard University Pressm, 1984), which would account both for the existence of semantically overlapping constructions and for the fact that these constructions may preempt each other in the case of individual verbs. Typically, such pairs of grammatical constructions differ in their information-structural restrictions and speakers tend to choose the construction that best fits a given discourse context; when speakers use a construction even though there is an alternative that fits the discourse context better, children may take this as evidence that the alternative is not available for the specific verb in question. Two corpus studies are presented, comparing the information-structural profile of prepositional dative constructions containing verbs that may alternate between the dative and the ditransitive with the information structural profile of verbs that are restricted to the prepositional dative. For Pinker's preemptive mechanism to be feasible, there should be a clear and systematic difference in the information-structural profile of these two classes of verbs. However, no such difference can be found in actual usage.
Constructions, Word Grammar, and grammaticalization
Authors: Gisborne Nikolas 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
In this paper, I explore the hypothesis that constructions — here understood primarily as the dependencies of Word Grammar — can undergo systematic change, sometimes partly due to the effects of the grammaticalization of a lexical item or class of lexical items. I argue that the development of will as a future tense marker in English involves the development of a new construction where two separate syntactic items are associated with a single event in the semantics. I also look at the loss of the impersonal construction in English, where it has been argued that the change is driven by an increase in the schematicity of the Transitive Construction, as well as having been argued that dative experiencers have been reclassified as subjects. I observe that it has also been noted that dative experiencers could function as subjects in earlier varieties of English, and suggest that this is an example of category strengthening.
Constructional semantics on the move: On semantic specialization in the English double object construction
Authors: Colleman Timothy , De Clerck Bernard 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
In this article we tackle the issue of diachronic variation in constructional semantics through an exploration of the (recent) semantic history of the well-established English ditransitive or double object argument structure construction. Starting from the assumption that schematic syntactic patterns are not fundamentally different from lexical items, we will show that — similar to the diachronic semantic development of lexemes — the semantics of argument structure constructions in general and that of double object constructions in particular, is vulnerable to semasiological shifts as well. More specifically, the analysis, which compares data from 18th-century Late Modern English with present-day English, shows that the double object construction's semantic evolution presents a case of specialization, in which the construction has come to be associated with a significantly narrower range of meanings. It will further be argued that such patterns of semantic change are best captured in a model of argument structure semantics which discriminates between central and lesscentral or prototypical and non-prototypical uses.
Birth month and longevity – monthly birth distribution in acute coronary events provoked by atherothrombosis in patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)
Authors: Stoupel Elyiahu , Abramson Evgeny , Israelevich Peter , Sulkes Jaqueline 
Published: May 2011

Abstract

Background: Human homeostasis is time related. Environmental physical factors also play a role. Recent studies published by the National Academy of Sciences (USA) describe human longevity links with the month of birth. The aim of this study was to check monthly birth distribution in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) related to atherothrombosis – one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the industrial world.

Methods: A total of 4732 (3594 men) subjects were included in the study. Patients treated with PCI for AMI in the years 2000 to March 2010 were studied. The population registry specific to 1950 excluded 1024 patients, i.e., those registered as born on January 1 and they were replaced with patients with an average of births from January 2 to 31. A total of 3675 patients were finally studied (2839 men, 836 women).

Results: The average monthly birth number was 306±60.38. Significant monthly differences in birth number (q2=21.077, p<0.03) were observed. A higher birth rate in the first four months of the year was revealed, with the exception of February. The number of births in these months exceeded the following two four-month data (q2=20.57, p<0.024). March births exceeded the monthly average by more than two standard deviations (SD) – 462, with an analogical increase for both genders. In May–December births were below average.

Conclusions: Patients with AMI treated with PCI show differences in the month of birth with the majority being born in the first four months of the year and of those most were born in March. Possible implications on pathogenetic clues of atherothrombosis can be assumed.
Behavioral alterations in cystic fibrosis mice are prevented by cannabinoid treatment in infancy
Authors: Bregman Tatiana , Fride Ester 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Substantial data have been accumulated regarding the molecular basis of cystic fibrosis (CF) pathogenesis, whereas the influence of biochemical impairments on brain processes has been the focus of much less attention. We have studied some behavioral parameters, such as motor activity and anxiety level, in a mice model of CF. We have assumed that functioning of the endocannabinoid system could be impaired in CF (endocannabinoids are fatty acid derivatives, and fatty acid deficiency is considered a major factor in CF etiology). We have suggested that chronic treatment with cannabinoid receptors agonist during infancy would balance cannabinoid levels and prevent CF-related behavioral alterations. Motor activity and anxiety level were studied in naïve adult CF mice (cftr-deficient mice) and compared with wild-type mice and to CF mice treated chronically with Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC; endocannabinoid receptor agonist) during infancy (from days 7 to 28). Motor activity was tested in the tetrad, and level of anxiety in the plus maze, a month after cessation of treatment. Motor activity decrease and elevated anxiety level were found in adult naïve CF mice compared with wild-type mice. CF mice treated with THC in infancy showed normal motor activity and anxiety levels in adulthood. Motor function alteration and elevated anxiety levels in CF can result from lack of CFTR-channel in neurons and disturbed activity of various brain areas, as well as being secondary and mediated by fatty acids deficiency, altered levels of endocannabinoids and their receptors. It can be suggested that chronic treatment during infancy restores endocannabinoid function and thus prevents behavioral alterations.
Investigations of As-S-Se thin films for use as inorganic photoresist for digital image-matrix holography
Authors: Bulanovs Andrejs , Gerbreders Vjacheslavs , Kirilovs George , Teteris Janis 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
As-S-Se chalcogenide thin films are successfully employed in classical and dot-matrix holography as inorganic photoresists for obtaining a relief-phase hologram. However using these films for image-matrix hologram recording has not been studied due to some features of image-matrix technology. For the applied research of the optical properties of As-S-Se films an experimental device of digital image-matrix holographic recording based on 100 mW 405 nm semi-conductor laser and Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) has been created. The device has the following main parameters: 140 × 105 µm frame size; laser intensity during exposure 10 W/cm2. With the help of this device diffraction grating and security holograms were recorded on As-S-Se thin films. The work reported herein presents results of an experimental study of how diffraction efficiency (DE) of the received relief-phase holographic gratings depends on an exposure and period. Diffraction grating profiles and speed of etching corresponding to different exposure doses are shown. Hologram samples with DE = 65% have been received which allows for using chalcogenide film as alternative to organic photoresists in applied dot-matrix and image-matrix holography.
Electromagnetic field with induced massive term: Case with scalar field
Authors: Rybakov Yuri , Shikin Georgi , Popov Yuri , Saha Bijan 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
We consider an interacting system of massless scalar and electromagnetic fields, with the Lagrangian explicitly depending on the electromagnetic potentials, i.e., interaction with broken gauge invariance. The Lagrangian for interaction is chosen in such a way that the electromagnetic field equation acquires an additional term, which in some cases is proportional to the vector potential of the electromagnetic field. This equation can be interpreted as the equation of motion of photon with induced nonzero rest-mass. This system of interacting fields is considered within the scope of Bianchi type-I (BI) cosmological model. It is shown that, as a result of interaction the isotropization process of the expansion takes place.
On the feasibility of charged wormholes
Authors: Kuhfittig Peter 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
While wormhole spacetimes are predictions of the general theory of relativity, specific solutions may not be compatible with quantum field theory. This paper modifies the charged wormhole model of Kim and Lee with the aim of satisfying an extended version of a quantum inequality due to Ford and Roman. The modified metric may be viewed as a solution of the Einstein fields equations representing a charged wormhole that is compatible with quantum field theory.
A population-based case control study of congenital abnormalities and medication use during pregnancy using the Czech National Register of congenital abnormalities
Authors: Mašková Jana , Šípek Antonín , Kollár Peter 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The aim was to identify and quantify the association between the use of particular medications during the first trimester of pregnancy and selected congenital abnormalities (CAs) of newborns. Data were from the Czech National Registry of CAs. We used a case-control design, and collected total of 7285 cases and 9143 controls. Thiethylperazine and iron compounds had no effect on development of CAs. Lower odds ratio and potentially protective associations were found between CAs and bioflavonoids, folic acid, progesterone, levothyroxine, and iodine therapy. Since the protective effect of bioflavonoids was not described before, analysis of interaction with other drugs was performed. However, their protective effect was not confirmed and the strongest significant protective effect was detected in combination of bioflavonoids and progesterone. Increased odds ratio were identified for hydroxyprogesterone, phenoxymethylpenicillin, aspirin, paracetamol and valproic acid. The association between paracetamol and congenital foot deformities was not significant, while the same association for the whole group of CAs and deformities of musculoskeletal system had significantly increased odds ratio. Except newly described effect of bioflavonoids, our results are in agreement with risk categories defined by health authorities in USA and Australia, and with results of other studies. According to our results, paracetamol does not influence development of congenital foot deformities.
The World without Sight. A Comparative Study of Concept Understanding in Polish Congenitally Totally Blind and Sighted Children
Authors: Jaworska-Biskup Katarzyna 
Published: May 2011

The World without Sight. A Comparative Study of Concept Understanding in Polish Congenitally Totally Blind and Sighted ChildrenThe paper presents the outcome of an experiment on concept understanding in Polish congenitally totally blind and sighted children. A test of free associations was administered to a group of 40 sighted and 24 congenitally totally blind children between the ages of 7 and 9. The research instrument included 25 sample concepts grouped into four categories such as colors, nature phenomena, features of living organisms and physical processes. The collected responses lend support to the fact that there exist many impediments to proper concept understanding due to limited hands-on experience arising out of blindness, visible in the research by the presence of gaps in knowledge or egocentrism-based responses. The data exhibits a blind child's high dependence on contextual clues and a delay in the process of decontextualization, especially if it is not accompanied by sufficient stimulation from the child's environment.
Clinical and radiobiological comparison of two palliative regimens of radiotherapy in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck: a prospective randomized study
Authors: Mitra Debabrata , Choudhury Kakali , Rashid Md Abdur 
Published: May 2011

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare two different palliative radiotherapy regimes - standard hypofractionated regime and split course hypofractionated regime in advanced head and neck cancer. Methods: 60 untreated patients of advanced squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck who were treated with palliative intent were randomized into two arms: Arm A (n=30) patients received 30 Gy in 10 fractions in two weeks; Arm B (n=30) patients received 1750 cGy in 5 fractions followed by a three weeks gap and then again 1750 cGy in 5 fractons, treatment completed in 5 weeks. Result: The response was comparable in both the arms. Symptom palliation was also similar; pain relief was 76% in both arms and relief of dysphagia 73% in arm A vs 79% in arm B. Partial response rate was equivalent (69% vs 62%). Mucositis and upper GI toxicity did not show any significant difference. Patient drop out was only 1 in arm B compared to 4 in arm A. The BED10 values are 39 and 37.84 in arm A and B respectively; whereas the BED3 values are 60 and 75.8. Conclusion: We conclude that the second regime can also be used in palliative setting in some selected patients. Key words: Advanced head and neck cancer; Palliative Radiation. DOI: 10.3329/bjo.v17i1.7620 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2011; 17(1): 29-35