bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Von wissenden Zweifelnden und unwissenden Überzeugten. Eine latente Klassenanalyse anhand des inklusionsbezogenen pädagogischen Wissens und der inklusionsbezogenen Überzeugungen angehender Grundschullehrkräfte
Authors: Liebner Saskia , Elting Christian , Ertl Sonja 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungDerzeit wird diskutiert, welche spezifischen Kompetenzen Lehrkräfte im Kontext inklusiver Bildung benötigen. Dabei gelten inklusionsbezogenes pädagogisches Wissen sowie entsprechende positive inklusionsbezogene Überzeugungen als bedeutsam. Während zu inklusionsbezogenen Überzeugungen angehender Grundschullehrkräfte zahlreiche Befunde vorliegen, ist das inklusionsbezogene Wissen weitgehend unerforscht. Um angehende Grundschullehrkräfte adäquat auf die Tätigkeit im inklusiven Unterricht vorzubereiten, bedarf es empirisch gesicherter Erkenntnisse über personenzentrierte Ausprägungen und Faktoren inklusionsbezogener professioneller Kompetenzen im Grundschullehramtsstudium. Die vorliegende Studie leistet einen Beitrag zur Bearbeitung dieses Forschungsdesiderats. In einem Querschnittsdesign wurdenN = 716 Grundschullehramtsstudierende bayrischer Universitäten zu ihrem inklusionsbezogenen pädagogischen Wissen und ihren inklusionsbezogenen Überzeugungen befragt. Insgesamt lagen die inklusionsbezogenen Kompetenzen der befragten Grundschullehramtsstudierenden im positiven Bereich. Im Rahmen latenter Klassenanalysen konnten jedoch vier Klassen identifiziert werden, die sich in diesen Variablen signifikant unterscheiden und mitwissende Überzeugte, wissende Zweifelnde, unwissende Überzeugteundunwissende Zweifelndebeschreiben lassen. Klassenunterschiede in der Ausprägung der inklusionsbezogenen Kompetenzfacetten scheinen vor allem abhängig vom Studienfortschritt und dem Besuch inklusionsbezogener Lehrveranstaltungen zu sein. Diskutiert werden Implikationen für die Ausgestaltung adaptiver Lehrangebote und die Struktur des Studiums.
On the symplectic self-adjointness and residual spectral emptiness of upper triangular Hamiltonian operator matrices
Authors: Liu Jie , Jin Guohai , Eerdun Buhe 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper deals with the symplectic self-adjointness and residual spectral emptiness of upper triangular Hamiltonian operator matrices $$H=\left( {\begin{matrix}A&{}B\\ 0&{}-A^*\end{matrix}}\right) $$

H
=

A

B

0

-

A
∗

. First, for symplectic self-adjoint Hamiltonian operator H, based on detailed classification of point spectrum $$\sigma _p(H)$$

σ
p

(
H
)

and residual spectrum $$\sigma _r(H)$$

σ
r

(
H
)

, the symmetry about imaginary axis is given between $$\sigma _p(H)$$

σ
p

(
H
)

, $$\sigma _r(H)$$

σ
r

(
H
)

, deficiency spectrum $$\sigma _{\delta }(H)$$

σ
δ

(
H
)

, compression spectrum $$\sigma _\mathrm{{com}}(H)$$

σ
com

(
H
)

and approximate point spectrum $$\sigma _\mathrm{{app}}(H)$$

σ
app

(
H
)

. Second, by means of the spectral symmetry, the sufficient and necessary conditions are given for $$\sigma _r(H)=\varnothing $$

σ
r

(
H
)

=
∅

, $$\sigma _{r_1}(H)=\varnothing $$

σ

r
1

(
H
)

=
∅

and $$\sigma _{r_2}(H)=\varnothing $$

σ

r
2

(
H
)

=
∅

, respectively. Then, for $$H=\left( {\begin{matrix}A&{}B\\ 0&{}-A^*\end{matrix}}\right) $$

H
=

A

B

0

-

A
∗

, it is proved that H is symplectic self-adjoint, if H is defined with diagonal domain $${\mathcal {D}}(H)={\mathcal {D}}(A)\oplus {\mathcal {D}}(A^*)$$

D

(
H
)

=
D

(
A
)

⊕
D

(

A
∗

)

. Finally, for $$H=\left( {\begin{matrix}A&{}B\\ 0&{}-A^*\end{matrix}}\right) $$

H
=

A

B

0

-

A
∗

defined with diagonal domain, using the space decomposition, the sufficient and necessary conditions for $$\sigma _r(H)=\varnothing $$

σ
r

(
H
)

=
∅

and $$\sigma _{r_1}(H)=\varnothing $$

σ

r
1

(
H
)

=
∅

are described in detail, respectively, by line operator, null space, and range of inner elements.
Identification of the potato moisture diffusion coefficient considering shrinkage: a nonlinear estimator approach to an inverse problem
Authors: Vera Carlos Martínez , Mendoza Mario Vizcarra 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the moisture diffusion coefficients of potatoes by taking into account the shrinkage that occurs during the drying process. In addition, the study also considered the scenario where shrinkage was neglected for comparison purposes. The main objective of this study is to establish the importance of considering shrinking phenomena for proper modeling of the drying process and to highlight the advantages of a recently published methodology for estimating parameters. The potato samples, which were dried in a moisture balance, were prepared such that the moisture diffusion was unidimensional. The determination of the moisture diffusivity when shrinkage is neglected is based on the analytical solution of the diffusion equation when constant diffusivity is assumed. When shrinkage is considered, the diffusion coefficient is identified via a nonlinear estimator constructed based on a numerical solution to the diffusion equation. The shrinking rate and the drying kinetics are the information fed to the algorithm. Arrhenius-type expressions for the dependency of the diffusivity on temperature were obtained, and from them, activation energies were determined for both cases: considering and neglecting shrinkage. From the comparison of the effective diffusion coefficients obtained, we conclude that when shrinkage is neglected, the diffusion coefficients are underestimated. A model for the diffusion coefficient as a function of temperature and concentration is provided.
Product Ecodesign: An Application of Bio-Based Materials in the Personal Care Packaging Industry
Authors: Simboli Alberto , Sinibaldi Laura , Taddeo Raffaella , Rimano Michela , Cutarella Luca , Casolani Veronica 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe increasing amount of plastic materials produced and their persistence in the natural environment after the use stage makes them highly critical from the environmental viewpoint and human health and much efforts are being made to find valid alternatives worldwide. This is particularly true for the packaging industry where the use of plastics is more intense and products often have a very short useful life. Ecodesign is a recognized approach capable of proposing effective solutions to reduce the impact of plastic materials, including their replacement with alternative ones. In this view, bioplastics have been recognized as a new generation of materials characterized by a potential lower environmental burden, along their life cycle, including the end-of-life phase. The same cannot yet be said for their technological and production performance, both at an industrial level and the use phase, especially for durable products.This article refers to the personal care industry and aims at exploring, in the Circular Economy framework, the Ecodesign of a personal care plastic dispenser. In this specific sector, the use of bio-based materials is still very limited and in an early stage, differently, from other industries (e.g. agri-food) where, instead, the applications are much more widespread. In particular, a material substitution solution drew on bio-based materials has been adopted in respect of conventional polypropylene and polyethylene. The technological performances of such bio-based materials have been evaluated through laboratory, production and use tests; the results obtained highlight that they are reaching levels comparable to conventional plastics. The regulatory, environmental and economic implications of their potential use at an industrial level are also discussed.
Prevalence and predictors of postpartum depression and generalized anxiety symptoms among women who delivered at a tertiary hospital in Mwanza Tanzania: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mwita Matiko , Patten Scott , Dewey Deborah 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Postpartum depression and anxiety are major public health concerns that affect 3–39% of women after childbearing and can adversely affect maternal and child health. Most studies have investigated postpartum depression and anxiety and their associated factors among women 4–12 weeks after delivery. There is a scarcity of research among women immediately after delivery from low- and middle-income countries, the gap this study aimed to fill.

Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 386 postpartum women within one week after delivery. The Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale was used to assess depressive symptoms and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder − 7 scale was used to screen for symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Participants were systematically selected from the postnatal wards and interviewed by trained research assistants from November 2019 to March 2020.

Results
Using standard cut points, the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was 25.39%, and 37.31% respectively. Having a baby with a weight of 2.5 kgs or more and having partner support were associated with decreased odds of both depression and anxiety symptoms. In contrast, complications during delivery, caesarian section, marital status, and partner violence, were associated with increased odds of depressive and anxiety symptoms post-delivery.

Conclusion
There was a high prevalence of postpartum depression and anxiety symptoms among the study participants in the first week post-delivery, with delivery complications and outcome and psychosocial supports identified as associated factors for depression and anxiety symptoms. These findings highlight the need for early screening to identify those at risk for appropriate intervention.
Madhyamaka and Ontic Structural Realism
Authors: Friend Toby 
Published: June 2024

AbstractI’ll argue that one particular argument of Nāgārjuna’s against causation in the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā deserves careful consideration from the perspective of contemporary western metaphysics. To show why this is the case, I’ll offer an interpretation of the key passages which differs from at least one popular reading. I’ll then aim to show that a whole swathe of metaphysical views about causation are problematic in light of Nāgārjuna’s argument, so interpreted. I’ll conclude, however, that one contemporary view in metaphysics has the means to respond to this argument: Ontic Structural Realism.
Identify successful performance of urban creativity indicators dimensions between 22 regions of Tehran Metropolitan: a comparative study
Authors: Rahimzadeh Azad , Jafarpour Ghalehteimouri Kamran 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCreative cities are known as places for innovation and the growth of creativity, and in fact, the creative city is a favourable environment for training human creativity and attracting the creative class, providing an appropriate foundation for educating its residents' creativity. The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which Tehran's neighbourhoods have the characteristics of a creative city. The descriptive-analytical research method was used for this purpose. Documents are used to collect data in four dimensions: quality of life, human capital, social capital, and innovation. The statistical population of the study was the 22 districts of Tehran, and the research indicators included 28 indicators of the creative city in the form of 7 general dimensions. The data analysis method used was quantitative–qualitative. Using the multi-indicator ELECTRE-II method for ranking areas based on creative city indicators, districts 1 and 6 in Tehran are ranked first, and districts 17, 16, 10, and 9 are ranked last in terms of creativity. Finally, Tehran has the potential to become a creative city, but this requires the removal of existing flaws and obstacles, as well as well-codified and legal planning.
An integrated approach to strengthening maritime security: a case study of Gwadar Port of Pakistan
Authors: khan Asif , Shi Congmei , Ali Fayyaz 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGwadar Port is a vital component of Pakistan’s development and an essential element in the Belt and Road Initiative and the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor. Its completion holds the promise of economic growth for Baluchistan and Pakistan and provides a crucial trade route for land-locked Central Asian nations. Gwadar Port faces many significant challenges related to security due to the region’s poverty, instability, and particularly its separatist activities. To address this, a study has been conducted to determine how to improve maritime security at Gwadar Port. The study uses a literature review, comparative analysis, and field research to examine the factors that affect port security. Terrorist acts, particularly those planned by organizations such as the Baluchistan People’s Liberation Army, pose the greatest security risks. Additionally, the unique management approach of Gwadar Port presents other security challenges. This study on the experience of port management in China and Pakistan offers strategies for enhancing security management in Gwadar Port. These strategies include improved coordination between entities, increased security measures, and strengthened cooperation with the Chinese stakeholders engaged in port projects. Prioritizing the development of local communities and education is crucial to ensure the well-being of both port workers and the surrounding population. The conclusion stresses the significance of international cooperation, the sharing of information, and improved foresight to strengthen the security framework of Gwadar Port. Integrating best practices and refining approaches will improve safety management, safeguard the facilities, and foster their sustainable growth.
Time Varying Crustal Anisotropy at Whakaari/White Island Volcano
Authors: Mengesha D. Y. , Savage M. K. , Jolly A. D. , Ebinger C. J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhakaari/White Island has been the most active New Zealand volcano in the 21st century, producing small phreatic and phreatomagmatic eruptions, which are hard to predict. The most recent eruption occurred in 2019, tragically claiming the lives of 22 individuals and causing numerous injuries. We employed shear‐wave splitting analyses to investigate variations in anisotropy between 2018 and 2020, during quiescence, unrest, and the eruption. We examined spatial and temporal variations in 3,499 shear‐wave splitting and 2,656 Vp/Vs ratio measurements. Comparing shear‐wave splitting parameters from similar earthquake paths across different times indicates that the observed temporal changes are unlikely to result from variations in earthquake paths through media with spatial variability. Instead, these changes may stem from variations in anisotropy over time, likely caused by changes in crack alignment due to stress or varying fluid content.
A New Model of Electron Pitch Angle Distributions and Loss Timescales in the Earth's Radiation Belts
Authors: Glauert S. A. , Atkinson J. W. , Ross J. P. , Horne R. B. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAs the number of satellites on orbit grows it is increasingly important to understand their operating environment. Physics‐based models can simulate the behavior of the Earth's radiation belts by solving a Fokker‐Planck equation. Three‐dimensional models use diffusion coefficients to represent the interactions between electromagnetic waves and the electrons. One‐dimensional radial diffusion models neglect the effects of energy diffusion and represent the losses due to the waves with a loss timescale. Both approaches may use pitch angle distributions (PADs) to create boundary conditions, to map observations from low to high equatorial pitch angles and to calculate phase‐space density from observations. We present a comprehensive set of consistent PADs and loss timescales for 2 ≤ L* ≤ 7, 100 keV ≤ E ≤ 5 MeV and all levels of geomagnetic activity determined by the Kp index. These are calculated from drift‐averaged diffusion coefficients that represent all the VLF waves that typically interact with radiation belt electrons and show good agreement with data. The contribution of individual waves is demonstrated; magnetosonic waves have little effect on loss timescales when lightning‐generated whistlers are present, and chorus waves contribute to loss even in low levels of geomagnetic activity. The PADs vary in shape depending on the dominant waves. When chorus is dominant the distributions have little activity dependence, unlike the corresponding loss timescales. Distributions peaked near 90° are formed by plasmaspheric hiss for L* ≤ 3 and E < 1 MeV, and by EMIC waves for L* > 3 and E > 1 MeV. When hiss dominates, increasing activity broadens the distribution but when EMIC waves dominate increasing activity narrows the distribution.
Longitudinal Recovery of Suspended Sediment Downstream of Large Dams in the US
Authors: Prajapati R. , Gardner J. , Pavelsky T. , Talchabhadel R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDams disrupt the natural flow of water and sediment along rivers. Reservoirs trap a significant amount of sediment, which substantially alters downstream hydrology, channel morphology, and sediment transport capacity. The longitudinal recovery of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) along rivers is potentially a new metric for estimating downstream responses to dams over space, rather than time, but is rarely quantified due to the lack of spatial SSC data. Satellites can estimate SSC along rivers where no field data exist and provide a high enough spatial resolution for assessing downstream recovery at the scale of tens to hundreds of kilometers. Here, we use a recently published database of spatially explicit SSC observations derived from Landsat to quantify if a river recovers or not, the SSC recovery percentage, and SSC recovery length downstream of large dams across the Contiguous United States (CONUS). Rivers recover SSC downstream of most dams (71%). The chance of a river recovering and the length of river required to recover SSC is associated primarily with the size of the reservoir (mean storage, km3) and the size of the river (mean discharge, m3/s). Rivers were more likely to recover SSC downstream of run‐of‐river, navigation dams compared to large storage or hydropower dams. Our results suggest that rivers typically recover suspended sediment downstream of dams, influenced by factors like dam storage, purpose, and river channel characteristics.
Atmospheric pCO2 Response to Stimulated Organic Carbon Export: Sensitivity Patterns and Timescales
Authors: Holzer Mark , DeVries Tim , Pasquier Benoît 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe ocean's organic carbon export is a key control on atmospheric pCO2 and stimulating this export could potentially mitigate climate change. We use a data‐constrained model to calculate the sensitivity of atmospheric pCO2 to local changes in export using an adjoint approach. A perpetual enhancement of the biological pump's export by 0.1 PgC/yr could achieve a roughly 1% reduction in pCO2 at average sensitivity. The sensitivity varies roughly 5‐fold across different ocean regions and is proportional to the difference between the mean sequestration time τseq of regenerated carbon and the response time τpre of performed carbon, which is the reduction in the preformed carbon inventory per unit increase in local export production. Air‐sea CO2 disequilibrium modulates the geographic pattern of τpre, causing particularly high sensitivities (2–3 times the global mean) in the Antarctic Divergence region of the Southern Ocean.
Contribution to Environmental Perchlorate by Stratospheric Volcanic Eruptions
Authors: Kennedy Joshua A. , Cole‐Dai Jihong , Cox Thomas S. , Peterson Kari M. , Ferris David G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPerchlorate in the environment originates from both natural and anthropogenic sources. A previous study of a 300‐year Greenland ice core perchlorate record found that anthropogenic impact on environmental perchlorate became significant starting around 1980, while natural formation is the only significant source of environmental perchlorate prior to that. The study also found increased perchlorate deposition in the Arctic following certain volcanic eruptions and suggested that at least some volcanic eruptions could enhance natural perchlorate production. Here we compare the perchlorate record with the volcanic record from sulfate in the same Greenland ice core and find that only stratospheric eruptions—large eruptions injecting volcanic substances directly into the stratosphere—enhance perchlorate production. No contribution to naturally formed perchlorate is detected from non‐stratospheric eruptions. The high‐resolution ice core perchlorate data are used to quantify contributions from volcanic eruptions, non‐volcanic natural processes, as well as from human activities during different periods. For the location in the Arctic in the perchlorate Pre‐Anthropogenic Era (1701–1979), the magnitude (0.26 μg m−2 yr−1 on average) of perchlorate produced during sporadic stratospheric eruptions is comparable to that (0.23 μg m−2 yr−1) produced by non‐volcanic natural processes. In the Anthropogenic Era (1980–2006), the magnitude of both the volcanic and non‐volcanic natural perchlorate production is similar to the enhancement (0.29 μg m−2 yr−1) by human activities.
Genetic influence on vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis
Authors: McVey David G. , Andreadi Catherine , Gong Peng , Stanczyk Paulina J. , Solomon Charles U. , Turner Lenka , Yan Liu , Chen Runji , Cao Junjun , Nelson Christopher P. , Thompson John R. , Yu Haojie , Webb Tom R. , Samani Nilesh J. , Ye Shu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractVascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, migration, and apoptosis play important roles in many physiological processes and pathological conditions. To identify genetic influences on VSMC behavior, we measured these traits and undertook genome-wide association studies in primary umbilical artery-derived VSMCs from >2000 individuals. Although there were no genome-wide significant associations for VSMC proliferation or migration, genetic variants at two genomic loci (7p15.3 and 7q32.3) showed highly significant associations with VSMC apoptosis (P = 1.95 × 10−13 and P = 7.47 × 10−9, respectively). The lead variant at the 7p51.3 locus was associated with increased expression of the GSDME and PALS2 genes in VSMCs. Knockdown of GSDME or PALS2 in VSMCs attenuated apoptotic cell death. A protein co-immunoprecipitation assay indicated that GSDME complexed with PALS2. PALS2 knockdown attenuated activated caspase-3 and GSDME fragmentation, whilst GSDME knockdown also reduced activated caspase-3. These findings provide new insights into the genetic regulation of VSMC apoptosis, with potential utility for therapeutic development.