bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of corn dried distiller's grains with solubles and enzyme premix supplements on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality parameters in finishing pigs
Authors: LEE Sung Dae , JUNG Hyun Jung , CHO Kyu Ho , PARK Jun Cheol , KIM In Cheul , SEONG Pil Nam , SONG Young Min 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThe objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of corn dried distiller's grains with solubles (DDGS) and enzyme premix (mannanase + phytase) supplementation on the growth performance, carcass and meat quality parameters in finishing pigs. Sixty hybrid pigs (L × LW × D) with initial weight of 63.92 ± 1.50 kg were used in a 3 × 2 factorial design with main effects of DDGS levels (0, 10 and 20%) and enzyme premix levels (0% vs. 0.14%). Average daily gain (ADG, P < 0.01) and average daily feed intake (ADFI, P < 0.05) were decreased due to an increased level of DDGS additive while the feed conversion ratio was improved (P < 0.05) by adding enzyme premix. The diet cost/gain (won/kg) was saved (P < 0.01) due to an increased level of DDGS additive. There were no significant differences in carcass characteristics and meat quality parameters of Longissimus dorsi muscle by DDGS level and enzyme premix. Palmitoleic acid, oleic acid and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) decreased (P < 0.05) according to DDGS level. The results indicate that DDGS may be used in feeds for finishing pig as a replacement of corn and soybean meal without affecting their carcass characteristics and meat quality.
OPTIMIZING THE TEXTURE ATTRIBUTES OF A FAT‐BASED SPREAD USING INSTRUMENTAL MEASUREMENTS
Authors: RADOČAJ OLGICA , DIMIĆ ETELKA , DIOSADY LEVENTE L. , VUJASINOVIĆ VESNA 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTResponse surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the effects of a commercial stabilizer and hemp oil content on the texture of pumpkin seed oil press‐cake spreads, using a penetration test as part of instrumental texture profile analysis. The response variables were the most significant spread texture attributes: hardness, penetration work, elasticity and adhesiveness. Spreads were formulated according to a central composite, two factorial experimental designs on five levels. Both independent variables significantly affected the texture of the obtained spreads, which had an appearance and texture comparable to commercial peanut butter. In terms of the selected texture attributes determined by the instrumental analysis, the optimum combination of variables with 1–1.2% of added stabilizer and 20–40% of added hemp oil produced desirable spreads that mimic commercial peanut butter; however, they were not sticky. RSM helped to optimize the composition of the spreads to obtain the product with the minimum hardness, penetration work and adhesiveness with the maximum value for elasticity.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis paper describes how the texture attributes of a novel fat‐based spread can be predicted using instrumental measurements, specifically a penetration test, while having peanut butter as a control sample to set desired value boundaries for each texture attribute separately. The penetration test was used to predict the texture of the spreads, compared with commercial peanut butter, without conducting the expensive and time‐consuming sensory evaluation of the product. The use of the response surface methodology and mathematical models could describe and predict experimental data of the component's content and to optimize the variables that mostly affected the spreads' texture. The described process can help in designing the spreads based on the pumpkin seed oil press‐cake with optimum texture properties. This screening technique can help the food industry to select formulations when new products are developed without using sensory panels at the product designing stage.
TEXTURE OF EXTRA VIRGIN OLIVE OIL‐ENRICHED MASHED POTATOES: SENSORY, INSTRUMENTAL AND STRUCTURAL RELATIONSHIPS
Authors: ALVAREZ MARÍA DOLORES , FERNÁNDEZ CRISTINA , JIMÉNEZ MARÍA JOSÉ , CANET WENCESLAO 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThe aim of this work was to study the effect of the addition of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) on instrumental textural properties, sensory texture profile analysis, and microstructure of fresh and frozen/thawed mashed potatoes formulated without and with added cryoprotectants (kappa‐carrageenan [κ‐C] and xanthan gum [XG]). EVOO behaves as soft filler due to droplet aggregates, whereas addition of cryoprotectants led to more structured mashed potatoes (MP) thanks to the gelling properties of κ‐C. Both the percentage of added EVOO and processing had a much less significant effect on the texture of the MP containing κ‐C and XG, evidencing the ability of this biopolymer blend to impart freeze/thaw stability. All samples with added EVOO were perceived as significantly softer and creamier than the samples without EVOO, whereas all MP samples with added cryoprotectants were perceived as significantly thicker and creamier than those without hydrocolloids.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSPrevious studies showed that the quality after freezing and thawing may be improved by the addition of 1.5 g/kg of kappa‐carageenan and 1.5 g/kg of xanthan gum, and/or incorporation of dietary fiber, improvement of mashed potatoes texture by retarding starch retrogradation and increasing water‐holding capacity. Growing awareness of the link between diet and health is fast changing consumer habits, so that there has been increasing demand for foods with health‐enhancing properties. Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) has important nutritional characteristics linked to its biophenol content and has very important antioxidant properties. The results have shown that although instrumental textural data were able to explain differences in consistency perceived, structural information is needed to understand differences in creaminess. Back extrusion test is recommended to industry as practical quality control tool in the commercial production of mashed potatoes with added EVOO.
THE IMPACT OF MALTODEXTRIN‐BASED FAT MIMETICS ON RHEOLOGICAL AND TEXTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EDIBLE VEGETABLE FAT
Authors: HADNAĐEV MIROSLAV , DOKIĆ LJUBICA , HADNAĐEV TAMARA DAPČEVIĆ , PAJIN BILJANA , KRSTONOŠIĆ VELJKO 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThe functionality of two types of maltodextrins as fat mimetics was studied. Vegetable fat was replaced at levels of 16.7, 33.3 and 50% by different aqueous gels of maltodextrin: Pmdx (potato maltodextrin gel) and WMmdx (waxy maize maltodextrin gel). Vegetable fat without the addition of fat mimetics was used as a control sample. Steady shear viscosity, hysteresis and dynamic moduli were measured at semi‐solid conditions (30C), whereas textural measurements were determined in the solid state (20C). Up to 50% fat replacement without much change in firmness could be achieved with WMmdx. However, blends containing Pmdx expressed significant decrease in firmness. Fat replacement caused a strong increase in dynamic moduli, especially with WMmdx. Steady shear viscosity was increased at replacement levels ≥33.3% and to a larger extent with WMmdx. In contrast to Pmdx, incorporation of WMmdx did not affect the steady shear hysteresis of the blends.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSEdible vegetable fat serves as an ingredient in many foods. In confectionary fat fillings, the vegetable fat is included to control texture and spreadability. Typical confectionary fat filling contains 30–35% fat. Because confectionary products are high in calories, development of reduced fat product with desirable taste and texture is a very challenging task.In this paper the capability of hydrated maltodextrin gel particles to replace certain amounts of fat in different foods was investigated. Therefore, rheological and textural properties of blends consisted of vegetable fat and different type, content and concentration of aqueous maltodextrin gel were determined. Hence, a step toward food products containing water stabilized by small amount of gelling maltodextrin with rheological and textural properties of conventional food product was made.
ANALYSIS OF STRESS–STRAIN BEHAVIOR OF ALASKA POLLOCK SURIMI PASTE AT CONSTANT MOISTURE CONTENT
Authors: YOON WON BYONG , PARK JAE W. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTMechanical responses to the applied stress on Alaska pollock surimi paste were analyzed with respect to the strain, storage modulus (G′), and loss modulus (G″). The mechanical properties of the paste with 83% moisture were measured using a dynamic rheometer (Bohlin CS‐50, West Brunswick, NJ, USA). The yield stress was analyzed based on the stress–strain behavior during stress sweep test at 0.1 Hz. Two‐yield stress values, such as 218 Pa and 653 Pa, were obtained from the cross‐sectional points of the three linear segments from the stress–strain curve in logarithmic scale. Structural meaning of two‐yield stress values was interpreted based on the changes of dynamic properties of surimi paste, such as G′ and G″, during stress sweep. The yield stress value from the first cross‐sectional point might indicate the stress that changes from solid‐like gel to liquid‐like sol, and the yield stress from the second point was the change from liquid‐like sol to shear thinning fluid.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONYield stress of the surimi paste is significantly important in designing the equipment for surimi seafood manufacturing. Particularly, in the molding operation of kamaboko and crabstick processing, the yield stress and shear thinning behavior of paste play major roles in designing the shape of extrusion die located between the pumping unit and heating unit. Appropriate design of extrusion head or molding die would be necessary to produce various shapes of commercial surimi seafood. In addition, the structural meaning of two‐yield stress values will give an insight into developing the final product formula, if the yield stress values are obtained at various ingredient levels, such as moisture and/or starch content.
UNIAXIAL COMPRESSION AND STRUCTURAL DEFORMATION OF FERMENTED SOYBEAN SEED
Authors: OGAWA YUKIHARU , TAGUCHI SATOSHI , YAMAMOTO NAMI 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTIn order to investigate relationships between changes in a physical response against mechanical compression and histological changes in a tissue by compression relative deformation of fermented soybeans, the structural changes occurring in a sample to a specific compression percentage were measured by means of microscopic techniques. As a result, it was observed that the resistance force linearly increased up to 30% compression, and the force was approximately 3 N at the compression of 30–50%. The histological disruption close to inner area of hilum on the lateral plane of cotyledon and the rupture‐like collapse at contact face of cotyledons were found in the 40% compression sample. At above 50% compression, the force increased exponentially with increasing of compression ratio, and large collapses were found in the tissue, which should be results of expansion of histological disruptions and/or collapses at 40% compression.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe combination of microscopic technique and instrumental evaluations for mechanical properties concerning the compression relative deformation of food materials has a potential to indicate what components are main factors for the texture characteristics of food.
INFLUENCE OF ADDITIVES ON FUNCTIONAL AND NUTRITIONAL QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF BLACK GRAM FLOUR INCORPORATED PASTA
Authors: MADHUMITHA S. , PRABHASANKAR P. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTTo improve the functional and nutritional profile of pasta, the present study aims to develop black gram pasta using a blend of 70% Triticum durum semolina and 30% black gram flour; and it also aims to understand the influence of additives on the quality of pasta. Black gram pasta samples were evaluated for cooking quality, color, texture, protein profile, pasting characteristics, in vitro starch hydrolysis, microstructure and sensory quality. Results indicated protein content improvement for black gram substituted durum pasta (BGDP30) with 3% gluten and 0.5% hydroxypropyl methylcellose (HPMC); black gram substituted durum pasta with HMPC(BGDPC)(16.49%) from that of 30% BGDP30 (14.37%) and control (12.37%). The lightness value of BGDPC (51.66) was closer to control (50.88). The texture was improved from 1.01 N to 1.53 N, but it was still lesser than control (2.12N). The overall quality score for BGDPC (25.17) was better than control (23.96). The study indicated that with combination of gluten and HPMC, more desirable black gram pasta could be produced.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONPasta products rank as number two staple food and it is consumed worldwide. Black gram is known to be hypoglycemic agent and a good source of protein. The present manuscript demonstrated that the use of black gram flour (BGF) along with additives would improve the pasta product functional and nutritional quality. The present study indicates that the use of BGF along with additives will improve the nutritional quality of the pasta in terms of antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity. The outcome of the present study will have greater potential for pasta industries to develop healthier pasta products using BGF.
How can primary care providers manage pediatric obesity in the real world?
Authors: Hopkins Kristy F. , DeCristofaro Claire , Elliott Lydia 
Published: April 2011

Abstract Purpose: To provide information regarding evidence‐based interventions and clinical practice guidelines as a basis for a clinical toolkit utilizing a step management approach for the primary care provider in managing childhood obesity. Data sources: Evidence‐based literature including original clinical trials, literature reviews, and clinical practice guidelines. Conclusions: Interventions can be stratified based on initial screening of children and adolescents so that selection of treatment options is optimized. For all treatments, lifestyle modifications include attention to diet and activity level. Levels of initial success, as well as maintenance of target body mass index, may be related to the intensity and duration of interventions; involvement of family may increase success rates. For failed lifestyle interventions, or for patients with extreme obesity and/or certain comorbidities, pharmacologic or surgical options should be considered. Implications for practice: Many intensive programs have shown success, but the resources required for these approaches may be unavailable to the typical community provider and family. However, using current guidelines, the primary care provider can initiate and manage ongoing interventions in pediatric obesity. A toolkit for primary care implementation and maintenance interventions is provided.
The evolution of specialists in women's health care across the lifespan: Women's health nurse practitioners
Authors: Fontenot Holly , Hawkins Joellen W. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract Purpose: In this article, we will trace the beginnings of this nurse practitioner specialist, illustrating with the stories of women's health nurse practitioners who were some of the pioneers in developing the role and models of care to meet the unique needs of women across their lifespan. Data sources: Oral history interviews with pioneers in the role who graduated from both certificate and master's programs preparing nurse practitioners informed and shaped the story. Additional data came from the literature on the evolution of advanced practice nurse roles and education and documents from early educational programs and the legal and regulatory literature affecting the roles and practices of advanced practice nurses. Conclusions: Women's health nurse practitioners have evolved to fill an important role in healthcare delivery, caring for women across generations often within the same families. Implications for practice: Women's health nurse practitioners, as do all nurse practitioners, offer a unique approach to care. To paraphrase the words of one participant, I think we address a major healthcare need because if women are educated about themselves and what they need to do to take care of themselves, the result is a better community
Investigating the Role of Zinc in a Rat Model of Epilepsy
Authors: Baraka A. M. , Hassab El Nabi W. , El Ghotni S. 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYAims: The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of zinc (Zn) in pilocarpine‐induced seizures and its interrelation with an antiepileptic drug, namely, valproic acid. Methodology: The study was carried out on 110 male Wistar albino rats that were divided into the following groups: Group I, control rats that received intraperitoneal (i.p.) saline vehicle; Groups II–V received Zn in a medium dose, Zn in a high dose, valproic acid in a therapeutic dose, as well as a combination of valproic acid with medium dose Zn, respectively, for 3 weeks before saline injection, Group VI received i.p. pilocarpine to induce seizures; Groups VII–XI received Zn in a medium dose, Zn in a high dose, valproic acid in a therapeutic dose, a combination of therapeutic dose of valproic acid with medium dose Zn, as well as a combination of subeffective dose of valproic acid with medium dose of Zn, respectively, for 3 weeks before pilocarpine injection. The seizure's latency and severity for each rat was recorded. Blood and brain hippocampal samples were collected for determination of serum neuron specific enolase (NSE), hippocampal Zn, interleukin‐1 beta concentrations as well as hippocampal superoxide dismutase and caspase‐3 activities. Results: The results of the current study demonstrated that pretreatment with high dose of Zn exacerbated pilocarpine‐induced seizures. Whereas, a medium dose of Zn and valproic acid either alone or in combination reduced the severity of pilocarpine‐induced limbic seizures and increased the latency to attain the forelimb clonus. Also both drugs, either alone or in combination, ameliorated all studied biochemical parameters with the exception of hippocampal Zn concentration, which was only significantly increased by pretreatment with Zn, either alone or in combination with valproic acid. Conclusions: The present study highlights the antiepileptic role that could be played by Zn, when given in appropriate doses.
Model‐aided learning for adaptive management of natural resources: an evolutionary design perspective
Authors: Groot Jeroen C. J. , Rossing Walter A. H. 
Published: April 2011

Summary1. Researchers using the adaptive management paradigm consider learning about the behaviour of social‐ecological systems as an inherent element of endeavours to improve the provision of ecosystem services. Learning‐by‐experience about social‐ecological systems is a slow process attributable to system complexity. We review recent developments in systems modelling which support learning by creating a salient diversity of management alternatives and by translating science‐based results into stakeholder perspectives.2. Design‐oriented learning cycles aimed at developing ecosystem services could be improved using systematic model‐based diversification and selection of natural resource management alternatives.3. Recent advances in spatially explicit computer‐based ecological modelling and in visualization of results can effectively support repeated learning cycles.4. Prioritization and weighing of conservation objectives and ecosystem services should be postponed until after the exploration of the synergies and trade‐offs among objectives.5. Investigating whether this evolutionary design approach can increase adoption of management adjustments and help to avoid lock‐in onto unsustainable development trajectories should be part of efforts to understand the way we learn.
Conceptualizing men: A transdiagnostic model of male distress
Authors: Kingerlee Roger 
Published: April 2011

Purpose. This review aims to produce a comprehensive, parsimonious, and empirically based model of male psychological distress from the perspective of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) that may apply in the majority of clinical situations involving men in Britain and possibly elsewhere.Methods. This paper reviews studies that pertain to male psychological distress. Studies are selected via examination of the literatures around men's psychological health. Criteria for inclusion of studies are direct and indirect relevance to male distress. Studies are examined on the basis of their possible contribution to a comprehensive yet critical model of male functioning, and are grouped according to their neurological, developmental, and cultural origins.Results. The review suggests that certain factors inform the psychological presentation of males across disorders, and can help predict therapy‐interfering behaviours and outcomes. A transdiagnostic model of male distress emerges from existing data and theory containing the hypothesized reflection abandonment mechanism (RAM) that helps account for characteristic male externalizing and therapy‐interfering behaviours.Conclusions. Existing data and theory can be synthesized to produce a cognitive behavioural model of male distress that adds value to case conceptualizations regardless of the disorder involved, and has predictive value regarding men's access to and engagement with psychological services.
Psychological treatment outcomes in routine NHS services: What do we mean by treatment effectiveness?
Authors: Barkham Michael , Stiles William B. , Connell Janice , Mellor‐Clark John 
Published: April 2011

Objectives. The question of how effective therapies are in routine practice is crucial. The answer depends on how we define effectiveness. Both the definition of who was treated and the index chosen to represent outcome can affect estimates dramatically.Design. We used data from the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation (CORE) Primary Care National Practice‐Based Evidence database‐2005 on the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation‐Outcome Measure (CORE‐OM) from 33,587 patients and examined rates of improvement in psychological therapies in UK National Health Service (NHS) primary care services using various definitions of effectiveness.Methods. We constructed successively more restrictive sub‐samples of patients, including practice‐based analogues of several types of intent‐to‐treat (ITT) groups and completer groups. We focussed on patients scoring above clinical cut‐off at intake, but we also considered samples that included sub‐clinical patients. We assessed two types of recovery rates, improvement rates, mean pre–post change, and pre–post effect sizes for each sub‐sample.Results. There was wide variation in the overall effectiveness of treatments as a function of which subset of data was considered and which specific criterion of recovery rate was adopted. Recovery rates and pre–post effect sizes ranged from 19% to 65% and 0.60 to 1.95, respectively.Conclusions. Because estimates of effectiveness could have significant policy implications, clarity on the meanings of the differing constructions is essential.
Massilia timonae Infection Presenting as Generalized Lymphadenopathy in a Man Returning to Belgium from Nigeria
Authors: Van Craenenbroeck Amaryllis H. , Camps Kim , Zachée Pierre , Wu Ka Lung 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

We report a case of apparent malaria infection presented with a syndrome of painless, generalized lymphadenopathy without granulomas shortly after exposure to fresh water in rural West Africa. Residual infection with
Massilia timonae
was diagnosed and successfully treated with co-trimoxazole.