bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scanning Electron Microscopy and Roughness Study of Dental Composite Degradation
Authors: Soares Luís Eduardo Silva , Cortez Louise Ribeiro , Zarur Raquel de Oliveira , Martin Airton Abrahão 
Published: February 2012

AbstractOur aim was to test the hypothesis that the use of mouthwashes, consumption of soft drinks, as well as the type of light curing unit (LCU), would change the surface roughness (Ra) and morphology of a nanofilled composite resin (Z350® 3M ESPE). Samples (80) were divided into eight groups: Halogen LCU, group 1, saliva (control); group 2, Pepsi Twist®; group 3, Listerine®; group 4, Colgate Plax®; LED LCU, group 5, saliva; group 6, Pepsi Twist®; group 7, Listerine®; group 8, Colgate Plax®. Ra values were measured at baseline, and after 7 and 14 days. One specimen of each group was prepared for scanning electron microscopy analysis after 14 days. The data were subjected to multifactor analysis of variance at a 95% confidence followed by Tukey's honestly significant difference post-hoc test. All the treatments resulted in morphological changes in composite resin surface, and the most significant change was in Pepsi Twist® groups. The samples of G6 had the greatest increase in Ra. The immersion of nanofilled resin in mouthwashes with alcohol and soft drink increases the surface roughness. Polymerization by halogen LCU (reduced light intensity) associated with alcohol contained mouthwash resulted in significant roughness on the composite.
Oral candidiasis: Species identification and their antifungal susceptibility pattern in cancer patients receiving radiation therapy
Authors: Mane Pratibha M. , Pratyusha Y. Hyma 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIntroduction:Radiotherapy-induced hyposalivation encourages oralCandidacolonization that often leads to oral/pharyngeal candidiasis. The objective of this study was to identify theCandidaspecies in lesions of oropharyngeal candidiasis in patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck cancers and to find out antifungal susceptibility pattern.Material and methods:Swabs were collected from 60 patients who developed lesions suggestive of oral candidiasis at the end of 1st week of radiation therapy. Antifungal susceptibility of each of the isolated species was done using disc diffusion method following CLSI guidelines.Results: Candidawas isolated in 13 cases.C.albicans(7) was the most predominant species; a small number of other species have also been identified. Few strains (3) ofCandidashowed variable resistance to the commonly used antifungal drugs.Discussion:The colonization ofCandidamay lead to development of infections with drug-resistant strains, and hence the patients receiving radiation for head and neck cancers should undergo microbiological study for oral candidiasis.
Dignity therapy: A feasibility study of elders in long-term care
Authors: Chochinov Harvey Max , Cann Beverley , Cullihall Katherine , Kristjanson Linda , Harlos Mike , McClement Susan E. , Hack Thomas F , Hassard Tom 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjective:The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of dignity therapy for the frail elderly.Method:Participants were recruited from personal care units contained within a large rehabilitation and long-term care facility in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Two groups of participants were identified; residents who were cognitively able to directly take part in dignity therapy, and residents who, because of cognitive impairment, required that family member(s) take part in dignity therapy on their behalf. Qualitative and quantitative methods were applied in determining responses to dignity therapy from direct participants, proxy participants, and healthcare providers (HCPs).Results:Twelve cognitively intact residents completed dignity therapy; 11 cognitively impaired residents were represented in the study by way of family member proxies. The majority of cognitively intact residents found dignity therapy to be helpful; the majority of proxy participants indicated that dignity therapy would be helpful to them and their families. In both groups, HCPs reported the benefits of dignity therapy in terms of changing the way they perceived the resident, teaching them things about the resident they did not previously know; the vast majority indicated that they would recommend it for other residents and their families.Significance of results:This study introduces evidence that dignity therapy has a role to play among the frail elderly. It also suggests that whether residents take part directly or by way of family proxies, the acquired benefits—and the effects on healthcare staff—make this area one meriting further study.
Delirium masquerading as depression
Authors: Marchington Katie L. , Carrier Louise , Lawlor Peter G. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjective:Despite the high prevalence of delirium in palliative care settings, this diagnosis is frequently missed, particularly in patients with hypoactive delirium. These patients are also commonly misdiagnosed with depression because of the overlap in symptoms between the two diagnoses. Failure to promptly diagnose delirium can have significant ramifications in terms of delirium reversal, subsequent patient involvement in end-of-life decision making, and the recognition and treatment of other symptoms.Method:We report a case of a 63-year-old French-speaking woman admitted to our inpatient palliative care unit with colorectal cancer and a history of depression. This case report highlights the major challenges associated with making the diagnosis of delirium in a patient with a complex medical history, including depression.Results:The patient presented with symptoms of depressed mood and fluctuation in psychomotor activity, but failed to respond to an increase in her fluoxetine treatment in addition to methylphenidate and treatment of her hypothyroidism. A psychiatric assessment in her own language detected features of inattention and confirmed a diagnosis of delirium that was multifactorial, secondary to a combination of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), hypothyroidism, hepatic dysfunction, and medication.Significance of Results:Subsyndromal delirium may present with mood lability, and as delirium and depression can coexist, clinicians should perform a delirium screen for all patients presenting with symptoms of depression, preferably in the patient's first language. Cognitive testing can be particularly helpful in distinguishing delirium, especially hypoactive delirium, from depression.
Phase coupling in Langmuir wave packets: Evidence of four wave interactions in solar type III radio bursts
Authors: Thejappa G. , MacDowall R. J. , Bergamo M. 
Published: February 2012

It is reported that one of the Langmuir wave packets in a type III solar radio burst is observed as a localized field structure with a short duration ∼3.2 ms and high intensity exceeding the strong turbulence thresholds. The peak intensity and short time scale well satisfy the criterion for the observed wave packet to be the collapsing Langmuir envelope soliton. The spectrum of this wave packet contains a resonant peak at the local electron plasma frequency, fpe, a Stokes peak at a frequency slightly lower than fpe, anti‐Stokes peak at a frequency slightly higher thanfpe, and a low frequency enhancement below a few hundred Hz, which satisfy the frequency and wave number resonance conditions of the oscillating two stream instability (OTSI) type of four wave interaction. Here, for the first time, we apply the trispectral analysis technique, and show that the spectral components of this wave packet, namely, the beam‐generated Langmuir wave, Stokes and anti‐Stokes modes are coupled to each other with a high degree of phase coherency (high tricoherence). This conclusively shows that the observed characteristics of the wave packet provide evidence for the OTSI.
Plant cell walls to ethanol
Authors: Jordan Douglas B. , Bowman Michael J. , Braker Jay D. , Dien Bruce S. , Hector Ronald E. , Lee Charles C. , Mertens Jeffrey A. , Wagschal Kurt 
Published: February 2012

Conversion of plant cell walls to ethanol constitutes second generation bioethanol production. The process consists of several steps: biomass selection/genetic modification, physiochemical pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification, fermentation and separation. Ultimately, it is desirable to combine as many of the biochemical steps as possible in a single organism to achieve CBP (consolidated bioprocessing). A commercially ready CBP organism is currently unreported. Production of second generation bioethanol is hindered by economics, particularly in the cost of pretreatment (including waste management and solvent recovery), the cost of saccharification enzymes (particularly exocellulases and endocellulases displaying kcat ~1 s−1 on crystalline cellulose), and the inefficiency of co-fermentation of 5- and 6-carbon monosaccharides (owing in part to redox cofactor imbalances in Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
Review article: coeliac disease, new approaches to therapy
Authors: Rashtak S. , Murray J. A. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryBackgroundCoeliac disease is managed by life‐long gluten withdrawal from the diet. However, strict adherence to a gluten‐free diet is difficult and is not always effective. Novel therapeutic approaches are needed to supplement or even replace the dietary treatment.AimTo review recent advances in new therapeutic options for coeliac disease.MethodsA literature search was performed on MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, DDW.org and ClinicalTrials.gov for English articles and abstracts. The search terms used included, but not limited to, ‘Celiac disease’, ‘new’, ‘novel’, ‘Advances’, ‘alternatives’ and ‘Drug therapy’. The cited articles were selected based on the relevancy to the review objective.ResultsSeveral new therapeutic approaches for coeliac disease are currently under development by targeting its underlying pathogenesis. Alternative therapies range from reproduction of harmless wheat strains to immunomodulatory approaches. Some of these therapies such as enzymatic cleavage of gluten and permeability inhibitors have shown promise in clinical studies.ConclusionsGluten‐free diet is still the only practical treatment for patients with coeliac disease. Novel strategies provide promise of alternative adjunctive approaches to diet restriction alone for patients with this disorder.
Randomised clinical trial: efficacy of a new synbiotic formulation containing Lactobacillus paracasei B21060 plus arabinogalactan and xilooligosaccharides in children with acute diarrhoea
Authors: Passariello A. , Terrin G. , Cecere G. , Micillo M. , De Marco G. , Di Costanzo M. , Cosenza L. , Leone L. , Nocerino R. , Berni Canani R. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryBackgroundAcute diarrhoea is a frequent problem in children with heavy economic burden for families and society.AimTo test the efficacy of a new synbiotic formulation containing Lactobacillus paracasei B21060, arabinogalactan and xilooligosaccharides in children with acute diarrhoea.MethodsDouble‐blind, randomised, placebo‐controlled trial, including children (age 3–36 m) with acute diarrhoea who were allocated to placebo or synbiotic group. Major outcome was resolution rate of diarrhoea at 72 h. Total duration of diarrhoea, daily stool outputs, stool consistency, working days lost by parents, adjunctive medications, and hospitalisation were also assessed.ResultsWe enrolled 55 children in placebo group and 52 in synbiotic group. The two groups were similar for demographic and clinical characteristics. Resolution rate of diarrhoea at 72 h was significantly higher in synbiotic group (67%) compared to placebo group (40%, P = 0.005). Children in synbiotic group showed a significant reduction in the duration of diarrhoea (90.5 h, 78.1–102.9 vs. 109.8 h, 96.0–123.5, P = 0.040), daily stool outputs (3.3, 2.8–3.8 vs. 2.4, 1.9–2.8, P = 0.005) and stool consistency (1.3, 0.9–1.6 vs. 0.6, 0.4–0.9, P = 0.002) compared to placebo group (data expressed as mean, 95% CI). Rate of parents that missed at least one working day (41.8% vs. 15.4%, P = 0.003), rate of children that needed adjunctive medications (25.5% vs. 5.8%, P = 0.005) or hospitalisation (10.9% vs. 0%, P = 0.014) after the first 72 h of treatment, were reduced in synbiotic group.ConclusionThe synbiotic formulation studied is effective in children with acute diarrhoea. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12611000641998).
Comprehensive investigation of genetic variation in the 8q24 region and multiple myeloma risk in the IMMEnSE consortium
Authors: Campa Daniele , Martino Alessandro , Sainz Juan , Buda Gabriele , Jamroziak Krzysztof , Weinhold Niels , Reis Rui Manuel Vieira , García‐Sanz Ramón , Jurado Manuel , Ríos Rafael , Szemraj‐Rogucka Zofia , Marques Herlander , Lesueur Fabienne , Bugert Peter , Moreno Victor , Szemraj Janusz , Orciuolo Enrico , Gemignani Federica , Rossi Anna Maria , Dumontet Charles , Petrini Mario , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Landi Stefano , Canzian Federico 
Published: February 2012

AbstractGenome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have shown that the 8q24 region harbours multiple independent cancer susceptibility loci, even though it is devoid of genes. Given that no GWAS data are currently available for multiple myeloma (MM), we tested the hypothesis that genetic variants in this region could play a role in MM risk. We genotyped 20 single nucleotide polymorphisms of 8q24 in 1188 MM cases and 2465 controls and found a statistically significant (P = 0·0022) association between rs2456449 and MM risk. These data provide further evidence that the genetic variability in the 8q24 region is associated with cancer risk, particularly haematological malignancies.
S‐phase fraction and ploidy as predictive markers in primary disease and recurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Pinto António E. , Silva Giovani L. , Pereira Teresa , Cabrera Rafael A. , Santos Jorge Rosa , Leite Valeriano 
Published: February 2012

SummaryObjectiveTo investigate the prognostic influence of DNA ploidy and S‐phase fraction (SPF) on disease‐free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients with primary disease and loco‐regional lymph node recurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).DesignA large prospective study with long‐term follow‐up (median, 117 months).PatientsTwo series of patients with primary PTC (n = 305) and lymph node recurrence metastasis (LNM) (n = 39) were involved in the study.MeasurementsPatient's age and gender, histological variant, pathological tumour‐node‐metastasis (pTNM) staging, extrathyroidal extension, vascular and lymphatic invasion and tumour bilateral growth were the clinical and pathological characteristics evaluated. DNA flow cytometry was performed on fresh/frozen surgical tumour samples. Cox regression models were estimated for prognostic analyses.ResultsSeventeen (5·6%) primary tumours and five (12·8%) LNMs were aneuploid, while mean SPF was 2·7% and 3·7%, respectively (P = 0·022). High SPF was significantly associated with lymphatic invasion and tall cell and diffuse sclerosing variants. In univariate analysis, all the clinico‐pathological variables, but tumour bilateral growth and gender, were significantly correlated with survival. SPF showed borderline significance (P = 0·051) in relation to OS. In multivariate analysis, older age (≥48 years), lymph node spread and high SPF were significantly adverse prognostic factors. Extrathyroidal extension and distant metastasis for OS, as well as tumour size for DFS, were also found as unfavourable prognostic features. In LNM, the Kaplan–Meier curves showed significant differences for older age and DNA aneuploidy (recurrence; P = 0·011).ConclusionThe results indicate that SPF and ploidy can provide additional predictive information in patients with PTC.
The effectiveness of the continuous underway fish egg sampler compared with standard vertical plankton hauls for sampling the eggs of demersal species in the southern North Sea
Authors: LELIEVRE S. , VAZ S. , FOX C. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractTo date, the continuous underway fish egg sampler (CUFES) has been used primarily to map the spawning areas of pelagic fish in upwelling regions. To assess its utility in mapping the spawning grounds of demersal species, species composition and densities of eggs collected by CUFES were compared with results obtained from ring‐net samples (VET: vertical egg trawl) from the southern North Sea over three annual cruises conducted in January/February. CUFES collected slightly fewer eggs per unit volume of water filtered when compared with vertically integrated samples but maps of egg distributions from both devices showed broadly similar patterns. Geostatistical analyses revealed that small‐scale variability was greater with CUFES than with VET. CUFES may thus be able to resolve finer spatial structuring of egg distributions. At the sampling station scale, species compositions (in terms of proportion and abundance) from both approaches were similar, with the notable exception of flounder, which was much more abundant in CUFES samples; these results were similar when considering early and older stage eggs. Results from regression modelling showed that it was difficult to estimate total egg abundance in the water column from CUFES data with linear regression techniques even when additional factors which affect the vertical distribution of the eggs, such as depth, bedstress and wind‐induced mixing, were included. CUFES therefore provides a suitable method for mapping egg distributions of the main fish species producing planktonic eggs during the winter and early spring season in the southern North Sea but may not be used easily when absolute measures of egg production are required. However, CUFES can be added to standard trawl surveys with little disruption to the baseline ground‐fish survey.
A 3D simultaneous source field test processed using alternating projections: a new active separation method
Authors: Beasley Craig J. , Dragoset Bill , Salama Antoun 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTIn 2008, a wide azimuth simultaneous source (SimSrc) 3D data set was acquired over an area coinciding with an existing conventional wide azimuth survey. Using two (nearly) simultaneous sources provided twice the number of shots, an increased shot density and twice the fold for essentially the same acquisition time. Although the improved sampling for the SimSrc data was predicted to yield improvements in processes such as 3D multiple attenuation and migration, cross‐talk between the sources was a concern. Cross‐talk can be suppressed by known techniques such as separation algorithms that estimate the individual shots and thereby separate SimSrc records into their constituent shots. However, separation algorithms available at the time suffered from aliasing and were not effective for severely shot‐aliased data such as those encountered in the experimental data set, which had a 75‐m in‐line shot spacing, half that typical for wide azimuth geometries.In this paper we present a new separation technique called the Alternating Projection Method (APM), which is demonstrated to be robust in the presence of aliasing. Through comparisons with conventional wide azimuth data we show that 3D multiple removal and migration are both aided by the increase in shots. Moreover, the high quality of the APM separated data indicates that prestack products such as migration angle gathers will have better quality than was achieved a few years ago using a passive separation approach. We found that by carefully selecting and tailoring the method's projection operators, excellent separation results can be achieved efficiently.
Diagnosis of the condition of the dental pulp: a systematic review
Authors: Mejàre I. A. , Axelsson S. , Davidson T. , Frisk F. , Hakeberg M. , Kvist T. , Norlund A. , Petersson A. , Portenier I. , Sandberg H. , Tranæus S. , Bergenholtz G. 
Published: February 2012

Mejàre IA, Axelsson S, Davidson T, Frisk F, Hakeberg M, Kvist T, Norlund A, Petersson A, Portenier I, Sandberg H, Tranæus S, Bergenholtz G. Diagnosis of the condition of the dental pulp: a systematic review. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 597–613, 2012.AbstractThe aim of this systematic review was to appraise the diagnostic accuracy of signs/symptoms and tests used to determine the condition of the pulp in teeth affected by deep caries, trauma or other types of injury. Radiographic methods were not included. The electronic literature search included the databases PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Reviews from January 1950 to June 2011. The complete search strategy is given in an Appendix S1 (available online as Supporting Information). In addition, hand searches were made. Two reviewers independently assessed abstracts and full‐text articles. An article was read in full text if at least one of the two reviewers considered an abstract to be potentially relevant. Altogether, 155 articles were read in full text. Of these, 18 studies fulfilled pre‐specified inclusion criteria. The quality of included articles was assessed using the QUADAS tool. Based on studies of high or moderate quality, the quality of evidence of each diagnostic method/test was rated in four levels according to GRADE. No study reached high quality; two were of moderate quality. The overall evidence was insufficient to assess the value of toothache or abnormal reaction to heat/cold stimulation for determining the pulp condition. The same applies to methods for establishing pulp status, including electric or thermal pulp testing, or methods for measuring pulpal blood circulation. In general, there are major shortcomings in the design, conduct and reporting of studies in this domain of dental research.
Reproductive allometry in Pedicularis species changes with elevation
Authors: Guo Hui , Weiner Jacob , Mazer Susan J. , Zhao Zhigang , Du Guozhen , Li Bo 
Published: February 2012

Summary1. Plants produce biomass and then allocate some of it to reproductive structures, so the relationship between reproductive (R) and vegetative (V) mass is a fundamental aspect of a plant’s reproductive strategy.2. Differences among populations or taxa in the allometric relationship between R and V have been attributed to environmental conditions. We hypothesize that populations and taxa living at high elevations should exhibit a lower log R vs. log V slope than those in more benign environments, because the environmental limits on size in alpine environments should favour a relatively large reproductive allocation at smaller sizes and a smaller investment in reproduction per additional unit of biomass accumulated.3. We investigated variation in the allometric relationship between R and V among 44 naturally occurring populations representing 24 species of Pedicularis in the Tibetan Plateau, to test the hypothesis that the slope of the relationship declines with increasing elevation.4. There was a significant negative relationship between the slope of the log R vs. log V relationship and elevation among populations, although the relationship among populations within species varied. We interpret this in terms of abiotic limitations on size and decreasing efficiency of resource allocation to reproduction with increasing plant size (measured as vegetative biomass) at high elevations. We also found a significant positive relationship between the y‐intercept of the regression of log R on log V and elevation across species, but the relationship was not significant among populations within species. The combination of the lower slopes and the higher y‐intercepts for high‐elevation populations means that plants growing at high elevations allocate proportionately more biomass to reproduction at smaller sizes and less at larger sizes than plants growing at lower elevations.5. Synthesis. The allometric slope (exponent) of the R–V relationship decreases with increasing elevation among Pedicularis populations and species, reflecting fundamental changes in the costs and benefits of increased vegetative biomass with elevation.