bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Untersuchungen über den Tryptophanstoffwechsel von Streptomyceten. IV. Hemmungsanalytische Untersuchungen der Enzyme des Tryptophanstoffwechsels
Authors: Teuscher Gisela 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDer Tryptophanumsatz durch zellfreie Extrakte von Streptomyces cremeus in Gegenwart von NADH2 und Methylenblau wird durch die Schwermetallkomplexbildner Kaliumcyanid, o‐Phenanthrolin, α, α′‐Dipyridyl, Natriumazid und Diäthyldithiocarbamat stark gehemmt. Natriumfluorid, Äthylendiamintetraessigsäure, SH‐Gruppengifte wie Cu++, Hg++ und Monojodacetat sowie Kohlenmonoxid sind ohne nennenswerten Einfluß auf die Enzymaktivität.Es wird postuliert, daß der Tryptophanabbau bei S. cremeus nicht durch Tryptophandioxygenase oder Pyrrolooxygenase erfolgt.
Characterization of a red pigment‐antibiotic produced by Streptomyces sp. strain NRC‐C7
Authors: Hussein A. M. , El‐Gammal Amira 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe streptomycete strain NRC‐C 7 isolated from some Egyptian soil samples, produces a red‐coloured pH indicator antibiotic active against gram positive bacteria. The producing organism belongs to the grey series of the genus Streptomyces and has grey coloured aerial mycelium with violet pigmented substrate mycelium, the violet pigment does not diffuse into the agar medium. Glucose sodium nitrate medium proved the most suitable medium for the production of this antibiotic. The pigment was extracted from the broth and purified. The solubility, Rf values, minimal inhibiting concentrations, optical rotation, UV, and IR spectra were studied. Melting point 180, elemental analysis: carbon 51.71%, hydrogen 6.25%, and oxygen 42.04%.
The anodically‐moving thermolabile antigen (ATA) of gram‐negative bacteria: Its function as the receptor for F pili
Authors: Reissbrod R. , Tschäpe H. , Seltmann G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe anodically‐moving thermolabile antigen ATA of protein nature, present in the cell wall of all members of Enterobacteriaceae and other gram‐negative bacteria tested, seems to be the F pili target on the recipient cell sufrace.
Effects of 3′‐Fluorothymidine, nalidixic acid, and mitomycin C on temperature‐sensitive mutants of the DNA polymerase of phage T4
Authors: Presber H. W. , Schroeder C. , Rosenthal H.‐A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe temperature‐sensitive DNA polymerase mutator mutants A58 and L98 of T4 are less inhibited by 3′‐Fluorothymidine than the T4 wild type and the antimutator mutant CB121, in consequence of the assumed differences between the polymerase‐associated exonuclease activities. This interpretation is confirmed by results with nalidixic acid and mitomycin C. The use of systems of different temperature‐sensitive mutants of one or more genes is proposed for 1.) investigating the mode of action of drugs, 2.) studies on the mechanism of enzyme action and the functions affected in temperature‐sensitive enzymes, and 3.) for enzyme‐specific drug screening.
Mikroskopische Untersuchungen zur Wachstumskinetik von Streptomyces hygroscopicus
Authors: Schuhmann Edith , Bergter F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGrowth kinetics, branch formation, and cytological properties of mycelial growth of Streptomyces hygroscopicus on solid media were investigated by phase‐contrast microscopy using a microculture method. Measurements were made on taken photographs of the growing hyphae from the beginning of spore germination up to maximal 18 hours. The specific growth rate of the germ tube was much higher than the specific growth rate of the mycelium. The doubling time of the total length of the mycelial hyphae and the doubling time of branch formation was quite the same for the period investigated. After a short time of outgrowth each individual hypha grows at a constant rate, i.e. the length increases linearly, but the growth kinetics of the whole mycelium becomes exponentially by branching. It seems, that nucleoids only divide in that part of a hypha between the tip and the nearest branch. A cell unit (1.4–1.9 μm on different media) could be calculated by the length of a hypha and the number of nucleoids. A hypha is growing with the cell unit at the tip or with the polar cap only. No interkalary growth in length could be found. Branches were formed only up to about 100 μm from the tip on complex medium and up to about 50 μm from the tip on mineral salt medium. A simple model of mycelial growth has been developed. Some properties showing the connection between Streptomycetes and prokaryotic organisms on one hand and hyphal growing fungi on the other hand are discussed.
Abbau von Schwefelverbindungen durch Thiobacillus‐Reinkulturen
Authors: Feldmann Karin , Goroll D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDer Abbau verschiedener Schwefelverbindungen durch Reinkulturen von Thiobacillus thiooxidans, T. ferrooxidans, T. neapolitanus, T. thioparus und T. novellus wurde untersucht. Dabei auftretende Charakteristika werden aufgezeigt und diskutiert.
Regulation der Glucose‐6‐phosphat‐Dehydrogenase aus dem obligat methylotrophen Bakterium Pseudomonas W 6
Authors: Miethe D. , Babel W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMikroorganismen, die auf Methan, Methanol, Mono‐, Di‐, Trimethylamin als einzige Kohlenstoff‐und Energiequelle wachsen, werden als methylotroph bezeichnet.Die Assimilation dieser reduzierten C1‐Verbindungen erfolgt über zwei prinzipiell verschiedene Sequenzen. Während im Serin‐Weg (s. QUAYLE 1972) der erste Assimilationsschritt im Transfer der Hydroxymethylgruppe der aktivierten C1‐Verbindung auf Glycin unter Bildung von Serin besteht, erfolgt die Assimilation im Ribulosemonophosphat‐Zyklus oder Hexulosephosphat‐Weg (s. QUAYLE 1972) durch Addition bzw. Kondensation von Formaldehyd an Ribulose‐5‐phosphat unter Bildung von D‐arabino‐3‐Hexulose‐6‐phosphat (KEMP 1974).
Alkoholdehydrogenase (ADH) in Hefezellen I. Grundplasmatische, mitochondriale und nucleäre ADH in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis und Kluyveromyces fragilis
Authors: Künkel W. , May R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWhen grown in a medium containing lactat, Saccharomyces carlsbergensis produces 5 times more ground‐plasmatic ADH than Kluyveromyces fragilis. Upon gelelectrophoresis, K. fragilis exhibits 7 bands while S. carlsbergensis shows only one. In a polyacrylamid gradient, the ADH's of both strains yield one band, the position of which corresponds to a molecular weight of about 160 000 D. In cell homogenates and mitochondrial fractions of S. carlsbergensis treated with ultrasound, an ADH is detected which exhibits 3 subbands and a molecular weight greater than 1 Megadalton. This ADH does not occur in K. fragilis.Mitochondrial fractions from K. fragilis contain an ADH, the electrophoretical mobility of which is identical to that of the ADH of the groundplasma.Nuclei of S. carlsbergensis also possess ADH whereas those of K. fragilis probably do not.
Einfluß der Cu++‐Ionen auf den morphologischen, cytologischen und physiologischen Zustand von Candida utilis‐Zellen bei kontinuierlicher Kultivierung
Authors: Khovrytchev M. P. , Strunk C. , Schuhmann E. , Lirova S. A. , Rabotnova I. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA discussion of the experimental data is presented.Cells of Candida utilis grown in continuous culture under the influence of rather high concentrations of copper ions have been studied biochemically, morphologically, and cytologically. Although under these conditions a new steady state has been adjusted, the population is much more differentiated than under control conditions. With regard to their size, structure, and viability the cells have been arranged into 4 groups. Generally, the „copper cells”︁ in comparison with the „normal cells”︁ are more voluminous (average: 2.5 times; maximum: 4 times) and of altered structure. The appearance of dense particles („copper containing particles”︁), globules („lipid globules”︁), vacuoles, and the thickening of the cell wall, as well as the disappearance of the mitochondrial cristae have been shown as characteristic indications for damage in the cell substructure caused by the influence of copper ions. Occasionally abnormal cell shapes can be observed.A permanent influence of copper ions in the concentration used was followed also by striking disturbances of the cell metabolism. The cells take up more carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen, whereas protein synthesis and respiratory activity decrease. Both the synthesis of lipids and polysaccharides and the phosphohydrolase activity increase.
Proteinkristalle und Tubuli‐Bündel in Hefezellen VI. Licht‐ und elektronenmikroskopische sowie biochemische Untersuchungen zur Alkoholdehydrogenase‐Aktivität isolierter Kristalle
Authors: Künkel W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIsolated crystals from Saccharomyces carlsbergensis, stabilized by Cd2+ or Zn2+, retain their enzymatic activity as shown by topochemical reactions. During these reactions the crystals disintegrate characteristically. Stages of this disintegration and deposition of reaction products have been demonstrated by light and electron microscopy. Ground plasmatic and mitochondrial alcoholdehydrogenase has been solubilized by means of 0.01 M EDTA from Zn2+ stabilized crystals separated by gel electrophoresis and proved to be active.
Electron microscopic studies on the formation of vesicular bodies during cell wall degradation and regeneration in yeast
Authors: Dmitriev V. V. , Tsiomenko A. B. , Ratner E. N. , Akimenko V. K. , Fikhte B. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractVesicular bodies are observed during enzymatic degradation of the yeast cell wall and in the course of wall regeneration. In both cases various types of vesicles are formed and exocytated by different mechanisms. They are characterized cytochemically and their possible role in cell wall regeneration is discussed.
Aufnahme von Cobalt, Blei und Cadmium durch Bäckerhefe
Authors: Heldwein R. , Tromballa H. W. , Broda E. 
Published: July 2010

The toxicity for and the uptake by Saccharomyces cerevisiae of the essential trace element Co2+ and the non essential elements Cd2+ and Pb2+ were compared.Inhibition of yeast growth is observed 4 hrs after addition of Co at concentrations higher than 10−4 M. Cd is about 100 times more toxic than Co and inhibits growth immediately after addition. No toxicity of Pb is observed with concentrations up to 5 · 10−4 M.For uptake experiments the radioactive isotopes 60Co, 115mCd and 210Pb were used. The yeast samples were washed with carrier solution in order to remove the isotopes adsorbed only by the cell wall and measured by γ‐scintillation counting.Co uptake by yeast is strongly dependent on glucose both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. There is no efflux of Co once taken up. Dead yeast does not accumulate Co at all. Co already taken up is released from cells when killed, indicating that no irreversible binding in the cell interior takes place. Co transport follows biphasic saturation kinetics with the MICHAELIS constants K1 = 10−4 and K2 = 8 · 10−4 M and the maximal velocities ν1 = 9.5 and ν2 = 63 μ moles/g dry weight · hr. The Q10 for Co uptake from 10−4 M solution is 2.3.Uptake of Cd resembles that of Co. The absorption of Cd is also glucose‐dependent, but independent of the presence of air, no Cd is taken up by dead cells, and Cd previously taken up is released during killing the cells.There is a considerable Pb uptake irrespective of the presence of glucose, and even by dead yeast. Killing of the yeast during uptake does not lead to loss of Pb.It is concluded that the essential trace element Co is accumulated by an energy‐dependent, probably active, transport system in the membrane. Cd is similarly transported, probably because of its chemical similarity to Zn. In contrast, Pb appears to be taken up only by diffusion, but subsequently to be trapped by binding in the cell interior. In this way, the accumulation of Pb is similar in amount to those of Co or Cd although the mechanisms differ widely.
Physiologie und Biochemie der Streptomyceten X. Biologischer Abbau des Paromomycins und Aktivität der alkalischen Phosphatase in Abhängigkeit von der Antibioticumbildung bei Streptomyces albus var. metamycinus nov. var.
Authors: Liebermann B. , Köster H. , Reuter G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAfter adding 14C‐paromomycin to the fermentation broth we observed a varying course of decomposition of the antibiotic, which is dependent on the intensity of paromomycin biosynthesis running simultaneouslyAt a reduced rate of antibiotic biosynthesis, the activity of alkaline phosphatase is lower than with an increased rate of production. This applies for mycelium as well as for broth.
Wirkmechanismus der Atmungshemmung durch die Systemfungicide der Carboxingruppe. Wirkung von Oxathiinderivaten und ‐analoga auf nichtphosphorylierende submitochondriale Partikeln aus Rinderherz sowie Trametes versicolor und Trichoderma viride
Authors: Müller W. , Schewe T. , Lyr H. , Zanke D. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract23 Derivate und strukturanaloge Verbindungen des Carboxins (5,6‐Dihydro‐2‐methyl‐1,4‐oxathiin‐3‐carboxanilid) wurden im Succinat‐Cytochrom c‐Oxydoreduktasesystem und im NADH‐Oxydasesystem von nichtphosphorylierenden Elektronentransportpartikeln (ETP)2) aus Rinderherzmitochondrien getestet. Einige dieser Verbindungen wurden darüber hinaus an partikulärer Succinatdehydrogenase aus dem carboxinempfindlichen Pilz Trametes versicolor und der carboxinunempfindlichen Art Trichoderma viride geprüft. Aus den Werten für die Hemmaktivitäten ergeben sich folgende Schlußfolgerungen:

Die Wirksamkeiten der Oxathiinderivate und ‐analoga im Succ.‐Cyt.c‐OR‐System von Rinderherz‐ETP korrelieren hoch signifikant (Irrtumswahrscheinlichkeit < 0,1%) mit ihren Wirkungen auf partikuläre Succ.‐DH aus den carboxinempfindlichen Pilzarten Trametes versicolor sowie Ustilago maydis und Cryptococcus laurentii (WHITE u. THORN 1975), nicht aber mit dem entsprechenden System aus Trichoderma viride. Rinderherz‐ETP sind somit ein geeignetes Modellobjekt für den Carboxinrezeptor in carboxinempfindlichen Pilzen
Die Wirksamkeiten auf die Succ.‐DH‐Systeme von Rinderherz‐ETP und Trametes versicolor korrelieren grob mit dem Hydrophobizitätsterm lg P, jedoch sind auch elektronische und sterische Einflüsse erkennbar
Für die Bindung des Carboxins am Rezeptor in der Succ.‐DH‐Region des Elektronentransportsystems wird ein Mehrzentrenmechanismus vorgeschlagen, an dem folgende Zentren beteiligt sind: 1 elektrophiles Zentrum am C2‐Atom des Oxathiinringes, je 1 nucleophiles Zentrum am O‐Atom und am N‐Atom der Säureamidgruppierung sowie 2 hydrophobe Zentren (Phenylrest der Anilidgruppierung und CH3‐Gruppierung am Oxathiinring). Das S‐Atom übt eine stabilisierende Wirkung auf den Wirkstoff‐Rezeptor‐Komplex aus
Die Ursache für die Carboxinunempfindlichkeit mancher Pilzarten liegt wahrscheinlich in einer abweichenden Struktur des Succ.‐DH‐Komplexes; die dort ebenfalls auftretende Hemmwirkung erfolgt vermutlich nach einem anderen Mechanismus.
Anabole und katabole Enzyme des Harnstoffmetabolismus in einem kohlenwasserstoffverwertenden Stamm von Candida guilliermondii
Authors: Metz W. , Reuter G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe yeast „H”︁ of the genus Candida guilliermondii can grow on hydrocarbons as the only source for carbon. Urea can serve as a nitrogen source for this yeast which lacks detectable urease activity. During urea metabolism ammonia has never been accumulated in the culture medium. However, transferring the yeast from complete urea‐medium into an urea containing phophatebuffer, the degradation of urea continues and ammonia is accumulated as well as CO2 evolved. In cell‐free extracts of the yeast urea amidolyase activity was detected in the presence of ATP, biotin and specific cations. Obviously, the synthesis of urea amidolyase is induced by urea and arginine and repressed by the catabolite ammonia. Similarly the synthesis of arginase is regulated by arginine and ammonia. The analytical data of the arginase action differ significantly in relation to the carbon source of the culture medium. Both the level of arginase and ornithine carbamyltransferase change in a characteristic way during the batch‐culture. From the lower level of arginase in relation to ornithine carbamyltransferase it can be concluded that especially in alkane‐metabolizing yeast the arginine catabolism is not very intensive.
Charakterisierung eines CaCl2‐abhängigen Transfektionssystems von Escherichia coli und Lambda‐Phagen‐DNS
Authors: Andree H. , Liebscher D. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDie E. coli K12‐Stämme C 600 und Y mel wurden nach CaCl2‐Behandlung mit Lambda‐Phagen‐DNS transfiziert. Untersucht wurde die Abhängigkeit der Transfektionseffektivität von der CaCl2‐Konzentration, der Wachstumpsphase und der Aufbewahrung der Rezipienten bei 0‐4 °C. Für beide Rezipienten wurde eine optimale CaCl2‐Konzentration von 0,2 m ermittelt. Beide Stämme zeigten einen Anstieg der Transfektionseffektivitäten bzw. eine gleichhohe Kompetenz bis 15‐30 Std. nach Präparation der Rezipienten. Während die Y mel‐Bakterien aus der frühen logarithmischen Wachstumsphase (2 × 108 Bakterien/ml) die höchste Kompetenz aufwiesen, erhielten wir maximale Transfektionseffektivitäten mit C 600‐Rezipienten aus der mittleren bis späten log‐Phase.Das Transfektionssystem besitzt ein breites pH‐Optimum zwischen 5,0–6,0. Natrium‐Acetat‐Puffer (20 mm) erwies sich am geeignetsten.Eine zu starke Erhöhung der NaCl‐Konzentration im Transfektionsansatz führt zur Hemmung der DNS‐Aufnahme.Die Transfizierbarkeit der untersuchten Stämme ist unter jeweils optimalen Bedingungen gleich gut, reproduzierbar und liegt zwischen 1‐2 × 104 PFU/μg DNS (ca. 1 × 10−6 PFU pro Molekül Lambda‐DNS.
Dissimilatorische Sequenzen in methylotrophen Bakterien
Authors: Babel W. , Mothes Gisela 
Published: July 2010

AbstractVon fünf Methan‐ und neun Methanol‐utilisierenden Bakterienstämmen wurde die Coenzymabhängigkeit der Methanol‐,Formaldehyd‐ und Formiat‐Dehydrogenase untersucht. Alle Bakterienstämme verfügen über PMS‐vermittelte Methanol‐Dehydrogenase‐Aktivität, aber in keinem war eine NAD+‐ oder NADP+‐spezifische Methanol‐Dehydrogenase bzw. eine FAD‐abhängige Methanol‐Oxydase nachweisbar. In „Serinweg‐Bakterien”︁ ist für die Messung der Formaldehyd‐Dehydrogenase ebenfalls PMS als Mediator erforderlich. „Hexulosephosphatweg‐Bakterien”︁ verfügen zusätzlich über NAD+‐ und geringe NADP+‐abhängige Formaldehyd‐Dehydrogenase‐Aktivitäten.Die Oxydation von Formiat erfolgt in „Serinweg‐Bakterien”︁ und in den Methan‐assimilierenden „Hexulosephosphatweg‐Bakterien”︁ NAD+‐spezifisch, in Zellhomogenaten der Methanol‐assimilierenden Bakterienspecies konnte dieses Enzym nicht gemessen werden. Anhand spektralphotometrischer Analysen an Pseudomonas W 6 und Bakterium MB 58 konnte aber wahrscheinlich gemacht werden, daß in diesen Stämmen Formiat ebenfalls ‐ Cytochrom vermittelt ‐ endoxydiert werden kann.„Serinweg‐Bakterien”︁ wie auch „Hexulosephosphatweg‐Bakterien”︁ sind also in der Lage, reduzierte C1‐Verbindungen auf direktem Wege über Formaldehyd zu Kohlendioxid zu oxydieren. Für jeden Stoffwechseltyp ist aber mindestens noch eine zusätzliche dissimilatorische Sequenz ausgebildet. In „Serinweg‐Baketerien”︁ wird diese durch N‐5, 10‐Methylentetrahydrofolat‐Dehydrogenase eingeleitet, in „Hexulosephosphatweg‐Bakterien”︁ kann Formaldehyd unter Beteiligung der eigentlich assimilatorischen Sequenz durch oxydative Decarboxylierung von 6‐Phosphogluconat endoxydiert werden.Bei der Konvertierung von C1‐Verbindungen in zelleigene Substanz ist der Assimilation eine dissimilatorische Sequenz vorgelagert, besser, konkurrieren Assimilation und Dissimilation auf einem bestimmten Oxydationsniveau um die C1‐Verbindung und in „Hexulosephosphatweg‐Bakterien”︁ außerdem um 6‐Phosphogluconat.
Erhaltungsstoffwechsel in glucoselimitierten Chemostatenkulturen von Streptomyces hygroscopicus
Authors: Hilliger M. , Knorre W. A. , Bergter F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractInvestigations with the mycelium forming bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus IMET JA 6599 in glucose‐limited chemostat cultures gave a maintenance coefficient of m = 0.031 h−1. This low maintenance coefficient corresponds to those of moulds (RIGHELATO et al. 1971).With a simple model structured in active and inactive biomass (x1 and x2) it was tried to explain the low maintenance coefficient of S. hygroscopicus in relation to nonfilamentous growing microorganisms. The model contains the transition rate k, which describes the transition of active biomass in inactive one and the decay rate β, which considers the decay of hyphae. The model was used to study the influence of β on the maintenance coefficient and it was shown that maintenance metabolism can be simulated by the parameter β alone.
Evaluation of yield and maintenance coefficients, expressed in carbon units, for Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. aeruginosa
Authors: Verstraete W. , Voets J. P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe maximum cell yield (Y ‐ g biomass carbon per gram substrate carbon) and the rate of maintenance metabolism (mc ‐ g substrate carbon/g biomass carbon per hour) have been determined for substrate limited continuous cultures of Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. aeruginosa. The metabolism of the organic substrates was monitored by measuring the COD‐removal1) rates at different dilution rates. The advantages of expressing yield and maintenance coefficients in carbon units is discussed.
Pesticide (hexachlorocyclohexane) inhibition of growth and nitrogen fixation in blue‐ green algae Anabaenopsis raciborskii and Anabaena aphanizomenoides
Authors: Das B. , Singh P. K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effects of the pesticide hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) on the nitrogen fixing blue‐green algae Anabaenopsis raciborskii and Anabaena aphanizomenoides commonly found as blooms in fish ponds were studied. These algae were very sensitive to HCH, and a distinct decrease in growth rate was observed on prolonged incubation. Lower concentrations (10 μg/ml) were algistatic and higher concentrations (60 μg/ml) were algicidal. The inhibition of nitrogen fixation indicated that the presence of HCH might affect overall nitrogen economy of inland waters.
Gewinnung und Charakterisierung von Mutanten des Pilzes Penicillium cyclopium mit verändertem Entwicklungsprogramm
Authors: Schmidt I. , Nover L. , Ininger G. , Luckner M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAfter treatment with NNMG, NaNO2 or UV‐light of conidiospores of Penicillium cyclopium strain SM 72 variant strains (mutants) with altered developmental programme were selected. Additionally from a methionine‐auxotrophic mutant of P. cyclopium prototrophic revertants were prepared. Investigation of the alkaloid metabolism and other idiophase processes has shown that these mutant strains can be divided into two groups (cf. table 1):

Mutants with a depression of all idiophase features. The defects of these strains presumably affect central regulatory processes which, as in strain rev‐met 83a, can be reversed spontaneously by an one‐step mechanism and
Mutants defective in certain parts of the idiophase programme only, demonstrating that there is a certain autonomy in regulation of the individual parts of the programme.