bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microfield Fluctuations and Spectral Line Shapes in Strongly Coupled Two–Component Plasmas
Authors: Nersisyan H. B. , Toepffer C. , Zwicknagel G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe spectral line shapes for hydrogen–like heavy ion emitters embedded in strongly correlated two–component electron–ion plasmas are investigated with numerical simulations. For that purpose the microfield fluctuations are calculated by molecular dynamics simulations where short range quantum effects are taken into account by using a regularized Coulomb potential for the electron–ion interaction. The microfield fluctuations are used as input in a numerical solution of the time–dependent Schrödinger equation for the radiating electron. In distinction to the standard impact and quasistatic approximations the method presented here allows to account for the correlations between plasma ions and electrons. The shapes of the Lyα–line in Al are investigated in the intermediate regime. The calculations are in good agreement with experiments on the Lyα–line in laser generated plasmas (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Flow cytometric analysis of circulating microparticles in plasma
Authors: Orozco Aaron F. , Lewis Dorothy E. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMicroparticles, which include exosomes, micro‐vesicles, apoptotic bodies and apoptotic microparticles, are small (0.05 ‐ 3 μm in diameter), membranous vesicles that can contain DNA, RNA, miRNA, intracellular proteins and express extracellular surface markers from the parental cells. They can be secreted from intracellular multivesicular bodies or released from the surface of blebbing membranes. Circulating microparticles are abundant in the plasma of normal individuals and can be derived from circulating blood cells such as platelets, red blood cells and leukocytes as well as from tissue sources, such as endothelial and placental tissues. Elevated levels of microparticles are associated with various diseases such as thrombosis (platelet microparticles), congestive heart failure (endothelial microparticles), breast cancer patients (leukocyte microparticles) and women with preeclampsia (syncytiotrophoblast microparticles). Although microparticles can be detected by microscopy, enzyme‐linked immunoassays and functional assays, flow cytometry is the preferred method because of the ability to quantitate (fluorescent bead‐ or flow rate‐based method) and because of polychromatic capabilities. However, standardization of pre‐analytical and analytical modus operandi for isolating, enumerating and fluorescent labeling of microparticles remains a challenge. The primary focus of this article is to review the preliminary steps required to optimally study circulating in vivo microparticles which include: 1) centrifugation speed used, 2) quantitation of microparticles before antibody labeling, 3) levels of fluorescence intensity of antibody‐labeled microparticles, 4) polychromatic flow cytometric analysis of microparticle sub‐populations and 5) use of polyclonal antibodies designed for Western blotting for flow cytometry. These studies determine a roadmap to develop microparticles as biomarkers for a variety of conditions. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Use of the Ki67 promoter to label cell cycle entry in living cells
Authors: Zambon Alexander C. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractGenetic based reporters have distinct advantages over classical immunocytochemical techniques for probing cellular functions. Most importantly, they enable dynamic real‐time visualization and quantification of cellular processes in living cells and tissue. This study was conducted to generate a genetic based reporter to label cells that transitioned from the G0 to G1/S phases of the cell cycle, hypothesizing that the proximal promoter of the Ki67 (Ki67p) gene, a commonly used cytology marker induced during this transition, would contain the suitable regulatory elements to drive marker gene expression. This study reports the cloning and characterization of the 1.5 kb proximal promoter (Ki67p) of the human Ki67 gene. Ki67p driven GFP expression colocalizes in cells with endogenous Ki67 expression and is correlated with cells transitioning through S/G2/M phases of the cell cycle. Treatment Ki67p‐GFP expressing HT1080 cells with mitomycin C, an antineoplastic agent, induces P21 and P27 expression, G1/S/G2M block and attenuates Ki67p activity. Attenuation of the Ki67p also occurs during cell‐density induced cell cycle arrest. Taken together, these results indicate that the Ki67p can be used to identify proliferating subpopulations of live cells in intact complex three‐dimensional cellular aggregates, such as embryoid bodies, thus providing some unique advantages over conventional immunohistochemical approaches. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Direction finding receiver for UWB impulse radio signal in multipath environment
Authors: Lie Joni Polili , Ng Boon Poh , See Chong Meng Samson 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a direction finding (DF) receiver for ultra wideband impulse radio (UWB‐IR) signal in a realistic multipath environment. The receiver uses an array of antenna, where each antenna is connected to a proposed propagation‐delay estimation structure. The advantage of the proposed structure is that it outputs a trapezoidal signal whose amplitude reflects the propagation delay and thus relaxes the sampling rate requirement of the analog‐to‐digital‐converter (ADC). The angle‐of‐arrival (AOA) is estimated from the vector of propagation delays measured with respect to reference antenna. Because these estimated delays contain outliers, we propose a simple AOA estimation algorithm based on minimum fractional‐distance search. Experimental results based on simulation show that the proposed DF receiver achieves better performance compared with the minimum ℓ1‐ and ℓ2‐based (least‐squares based) distance search. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distinct roles for telethonin N‐versus C‐terminus in sarcomere assembly and maintenance
Authors: Sadikot Takrima , Hammond Courtney R. , Ferrari Michael B. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe N‐terminus of telethonin forms a unique structure linking two titin N‐termini at the Z‐disc. While a specific role for the C‐terminus has not been established, several studies indicate it may have a regulatory function. Using a morpholino approach in Xenopus, we show that telethonin knockdown leads to embryonic paralysis, myocyte defects, and sarcomeric disruption. These myopathic defects can be rescued by expressing full‐length telethonin mRNA in morpholino background, indicating that telethonin is required for myofibrillogenesis. However, a construct missing C‐terminal residues is incapable of rescuing motility or sarcomere assembly in cultured myocytes. We, therefore, tested two additional constructs: one where four C‐terminal phosphorylatable residues were mutated to alanines and another where terminal residues were randomly replaced. Data from these experiments support that the telethonin C‐terminus is required for assembly, but in a context‐dependent manner, indicating that factors and forces present in vivo can compensate for C‐terminal truncation or mutation. Developmental Dynamics 239:1124–1135, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression analysis of TALE family transcription factors during avian development
Authors: Coy Sarah E. , Borycki Anne‐Gaëlle 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe TALE family of homeodomain containing transcription factors consists of the Meis, Prep and Tgif, and the Pbx subfamily of proteins. Several TALE orthologues have been identified in amniotes, but no comprehensive analysis of their expression pattern during embryogenesis has been performed. Here, we report on TALE gene expression in the avian embryo. During embryonic development, Pbx genes are predominantly expressed in the neural ectoderm and paraxial mesoderm, although Pbx3 is restricted to the intermediate and lateral mesoderm, and anterior central nervous system. Members of the Meis, Prep, and Tgif subfamilies are expressed at high levels in the paraxial mesoderm, and display differential expression along the anterior–posterior and dorsoventral axes of the developing neural tube. Overall the expression patterns reported in this study are consistent with the known function of the TALE gene family in controlling early patterning of limb, neural tube and paraxial mesoderm tissues during embryogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 239:1234–1245, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How does the tubular embryonic heart work? Looking for the physical mechanism generating unidirectional blood flow in the valveless embryonic heart tube
Authors: Männer Jörg , Wessel Armin , Yelbuz T. Mesud 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe heart is the first organ to function in vertebrate embryos. The human heart, for example, starts beating around the 21st embryonic day. During the initial phase of its pumping action, the embryonic heart is seen as a pulsating blood vessel that is built up by (1) an inner endothelial tube lacking valves, (2) a middle layer of extracellular matrix, and (3) an outer myocardial tube. Despite the absence of valves, this tubular heart generates unidirectional blood flow. This fact poses the question how it works. Visual examination of the pulsating embryonic heart tube shows that its pumping action is characterized by traveling mechanical waves sweeping from its venous to its arterial end. These traveling waves were traditionally described as myocardial peristaltic waves. It has, therefore, been speculated that the tubular embryonic heart works as a technical peristaltic pump. Recent hemodynamic data from living embryos, however, have shown that the pumping function of the embryonic heart tube differs in several respects from that of a technical peristaltic pump. Some of these data suggest that embryonic heart tubes work as valveless “Liebau pumps.” In the present study, a review is given on the evolution of the two above‐mentioned theories of early cardiac pumping mechanics. We discuss pros and cons for both of these theories. We show that the tubular embryonic heart works neither as a technical peristaltic pump nor as a classic Liebau pump. The question regarding how the embryonic heart tube works still awaits an answer. Developmental Dynamics 239:1035–1046, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha is related to survival of the condensed mesenchyme in the developing mouse kidney
Authors: Kanazawa Tomonori , Konno Akihiro , Hashimoto Yoshiharu , Kon Yasuhiro 
Published: March 2010

AbstractHepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (Hnf4α) is a transcription factor required for embryogenesis and organogenesis. In the adult kidney, Hnf4α is expressed at a high level in proximal tubules. Although its expression begins from the embryonic period, its function in the developing kidney has remained almost unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of Hnf4α in the cultured embryonic mouse kidney by gene silencing using the RNA interference method. Additionally, we identified the dynamics of Hnf4α in the microenvironment of the developing kidney. As a result of gene silencing, the cellular organization in the condensed mesenchyme (CM) fell into disorder and many apoptotic cells appeared. In addition, laser microdissection‐reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction provided evidence that Hnf4α gene expression began first in the CM. These results suggest the possibility that Hnf4α plays an important role in the regulation of the cell survival at the CM stage in nephrogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 239:1145–1154, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ETS family protein ETV2 is required for initiation of the endothelial lineage but not the hematopoietic lineage in the Xenopus embryo
Authors: Salanga Matthew C. , Meadows Stryder M. , Myers Candace T. , Krieg Paul A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTranscription factors of the ETS family are important regulators of endothelial and hematopoietic development. We have characterized the Xenopus orthologue of the ETS transcription factor, ETV2. Expression analysis shows that etv2 is highly expressed in hematopoietic and endothelial precursor cells in the Xenopus embryo. In gain‐of‐function experiments, ETV2 is sufficient to activate ectopic expression of vascular endothelial markers. In addition, ETV2 activated expression of hematopoietic genes representing the myeloid but not the erythroid lineage. Loss‐of‐function studies indicate that ETV2 is required for expression of all endothelial markers examined. However, knockdown of ETV2 has no detectable effects on expression of either myeloid or erythroid markers. This contrasts with studies in mouse and zebrafish where ETV2 is required for development of the myeloid lineage. Our studies confirm an essential role for ETV2 in endothelial development, but also reveal important differences in hematopoietic development between organisms. Developmental Dynamics 239:1178–1187, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fusion of uniluminal vascular spheroids: A model for assembly of blood vessels
Authors: Fleming Paul A. , Argraves W. Scott , Gentile Carmine , Neagu Adrian , Forgacs Gabor , Drake Christopher J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractZebrafish Intrahepatic Biliary System: Confocal projection through the liver of a 5 day post‐fertilization zebrafish larva immunostained with antibodies raised against the human multidrug resistance protein‐1 (red), also known as Pglcyoprotein, an ABC transporter in the hepatocyte canalicular membrane, and a novel zebrafish epitope 2F11 (green) that recognizes biliary epithelial cells. Hepatocytes secrete bile through their canaliculus into the intrahepatic biliary duct network. 10 μm z‐stack. From Lorent et al., Developmental Dynamics 239:398‐406, 2010.
Distribution and toxicity of sediment-associated pesticides in urban and agricultural waterways from Illinois, USA
Authors: Ding Yuping , Harwood Amanda D. , Foslund Heather M. , Lydy Michael J. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
A statewide investigation of insecticide presence and sediment toxicity was conducted in Illinois, USA, from June to August 2008. Twenty sediment samples were collected from urban areas throughout Illinois, and 49 sediment samples were collected from 14 agriculture-dominated counties in central and southern Illinois. Ten-day sediment toxicity tests were conducted using the amphipod Hyalella azteca, and 59% of the urban sites and 2% of the agricultural locations sampled caused significant mortality in the amphipods. The field sediments were analyzed for 29 pesticides, including 19 organochlorines, one organophosphate, and nine pyrethroids. The detection frequencies of organochlorines, chlorpyrifos, and pyrethroids were 95, 65, and 95%, respectively, for urban sites, and 45, 6.1, and 47%, respectively, for agricultural sites. Based on toxic unit analysis, bifenthrin was the main contributor to the detected mortality in urban sediments. The present study provides the first broad assessment of pesticide prevalence in both urban and agriculture areas in Illinois. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:149–157. © 2009 SETAC
Human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers at production area, China
Authors: Jin Jun , Wang Ying , Yang Congqiao , Hu Jicheng , Liu Weizhi , Cui Jian 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were detected in air and aquatic products in PBDEs production areas which are located at the south coast area of Laizhou Bay, Shandong province, China in this study. Concentrations of ∑PBDEs in the air ranged from 0.47 ng/m3 to 161 ng/m3. In aquatic products, concentrations of ∑PBDEs ranged from 2.7 ng/g wet weight to 42 ng/g wet weight. The mean dietary intake of ∑PBDEs via aquatic products consumption in this study was 218 ng/day. Daily intake of ∑PBDEs via inhalation in this study was 612 ng for men and 455 ng for women. With a contribution of 80%, BDE-209 was predominant in the total intake. Dietary intake and breathing inhalation contributed 29 and 71%, respectively, to the total PBDEs intake. The results indicate that breathing inhalation also plays a very significant pathway for the population of the PBDEs production area. Compared with similar studies in other countries, human exposure to PBDEs via diet and inhalation in this study was the highest in the world. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1031–1035. © 2010 SETAC
Comparing weighted and unweighted analyses applied to data with a mix of pooled and individual observations
Authors: Anderson Sarah G. , Bailer A. John 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Smaller organisms may have too little tissue to allow assaying as individuals. To get a sufficient sample for assaying, a collection of smaller individual organisms is pooled together to produce a simple observation for modeling and analysis. When a dataset contains a mix of pooled and individual organisms, the variances of the observations are not equal. An unweighted regression method is no longer appropriate because it assumes equal precision among the observations. A weighted regression method is more appropriate and yields more precise estimates because it incorporates a weight to the pooled observations. To demonstrate the benefits of using a weighted analysis when some observations are pooled, the bias and confidence interval (CI) properties were compared using an ordinary least squares and a weighted least squares t-based confidence interval. The slope and intercept estimates were unbiased for both weighted and unweighted analyses. While CIs for the slope and intercept achieved nominal coverage, the CI lengths were smaller using a weighted analysis instead of an unweighted analysis, implying that a weighted analysis will yield greater precision. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1168–1171. © 2010 SETAC
Cholinesterase and glutathione-S-transferase activities in freshwater invertebrates as biomarkers to assess pesticide contamination
Authors: Domingues Inês , Agra Ana Raquel , Monaghan Kieran , Soares Amadeu M.V.M. , Nogueira António J.A. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Studies investigating the use of biomarkers in pesticide risk assessment have greatly increased in recent years; however, issues concerning the ecological meaning of enzymatic responses have proved controversial. Ideally a good biomarker response should be modulated by the environmental contaminants alone and demonstrate a predictable behavior towards certain types of toxins. As these premises are rarely observed, the present study aims to outline research that has contributed to an understanding of the behavior of two widely used biomarkers, cholinesterase and glutathione-S-transferase, describing environmental and biotic factors that affect their response in freshwater invertebrates. Studies were performed in the main classes of aquatic invertebrates with these biomarkers and conclusions were reached concerning their behavior towards the main classes of pesticides. Links between biomarker responses and conventional endpoints were evaluated so that ecological relevance could be attributed to enzymatic responses. Toxicity of mixtures was investigated, and cases of synergism and antagonism were pointed out as factors changing the expected toxicity of aquatic systems and leading to misinterpretations of biomarker responses. Finally, the use of biomarkers as a tool for biomonitoring and in situ assays was investigated, with discussion of advantages and disadvantages of their use. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:5–18. © 2009 SETAC
Antidepressants and their metabolites in municipal wastewater, and downstream exposure in an urban watershed
Authors: Metcalfe Chris D. , Chu Shaogang , Judt Colin , Li Hongxia , Oakes Ken D. , Servos Mark R. , Andrews David M. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Antidepressants are a widely prescribed group of pharmaceuticals that can be biotransformed in humans to biologically active metabolites. In the present study, the distribution of six antidepressants (venlafaxine, bupropion, fluoxetine, sertraline, citalopram, and paroxetine) and five of their metabolites was determined in a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and at sites downstream of two WWTPs in the Grand River watershed in southern Ontario, Canada. Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) caged in the Grand River downstream of a WWTP were also evaluated for accumulated antidepressants. Finally, drinking water was analyzed from a treatment plant that takes its water from the Grand River 17 km downstream of a WWTP. In municipal wastewater, the antidepressant compounds present in the highest concentrations (i.e., &gt;0.5 µg/L) were venlafaxine and its two demethylation products, O- and N-desmethyl venlafaxine. Removal rates of the target analytes in a WWTP were approximately 40%. These compounds persisted in river water samples collected at sites up to several kilometers downstream of discharges from WWTPs. Venlafaxine, citalopram, and sertraline, and demethylated metabolites were detected in fathead minnows caged 10 m below the discharge from a WWTP, but concentrations were all &lt;7 µg/kg wet weight. Venlafaxine and bupropion were detected at very low (&lt;0.005 µg/L) concentrations in untreated drinking water, but these compounds were not detected in treated drinking water. The present study illustrates that data are needed on the distribution in the aquatic environment of both the parent compound and the biologically active metabolites of pharmaceuticals. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:79–89. © 2009 SETAC
Reconcilable differences: The use of reference material to reduce methodological artifacts in the reporting of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls
Authors: de Solla Shane R. , Weseloh D.V. Chip , Letcher Robert J. , Hebert Craig E. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Numerous long-term monitoring programs have assessed spatial and temporal trends of organochlorine (OC) pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Changes in analytical approaches (e.g., gas chromatography coupled with electron capture detection [GC-ECD] versus mass spectrometric detection [GC-MSD]) can reveal artifacts in the reported concentrations. In-house reference material (RM) was used to determine the analytical artifacts in the measurement of OCs and PCBs in Great Lake herring gull eggs previously analyzed from 1994 to 1996 (GC-ECD) and 1997 to 1999 (GC-MSD). Approximately 19.0% of the variability of PCB congeners in gull eggs was associated with analytical artifacts, and differences among colonies were obscured. Although the discrepancy in sum PCBs (ΣPCBs) was fairly small (2.1%), some congeners varied considerably between methods (&gt;60%). After statistically removing the artifacts, only 1.4% of the variability in PCBs of herring gull eggs was associated with artifacts, and differences among gull colonies became apparent. After excluding OCs near the detection limit in the RM, statistically removing the artifacts reduced some of the differences between methods for OCs. Analytical artifacts may potentially render inferences difficult, confounded, and erroneous. When combining contaminant data obtained using different methods, the methods should be assumed to give different results unless demonstrated otherwise. Assessments of the compatibility of analytical methodologies should be made using an appropriate RM. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:19–26. © 2009 SETAC