bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing Dietary Intake and Physical Activity Affecting Weight Gain in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Cupples Connie K. , Cashion Ann K. , Cowan Patricia A. , Tutor Ruth S. , Wicks Mona N. , Williams Ruth , Eason James D. 
Published: April 2012

Context— Weight gain after kidney transplantation affects 50% to 90% of kidney transplant recipients. Factors leading to weight gain in recipients are thought to include a change in lifestyle (eg, dietary intake and physical activity), age, race, sex, and immunosuppressant medications. Objective— To examine dietary intake and physical activity of kidney transplant recipients at baseline and 3 and 6 months after transplantation to identify contributing factors to weight gain. Design— Descriptive, correlational study using secondary data from a larger parent study examining genetic and environmental contributors to weight gain after kidney transplantation. Participants and Setting— Forty-four kidney transplant recipients at a mid-South university hospital-based transplant institute who had dietary intake, physical activity, and clinical data at baseline and 3 and 6 months were included. Main Outcome Measures— Dietary intake, physical activity, weight, and body mass index. Results— Mean weight gain increased by 6% from baseline to 6 months. Interestingly, dietary intake did not change significantly from baseline to 6 months. Hours of sleep per day decreased during the same period ( P = .02). Dietary intake, physical activity, age, race, sex, and immunosuppression showed no significant relationship to weight gain at 6 months. Conclusion— Little consideration has been given to dietary intake and physical activity of kidney transplant recipients and the effects of these variables on weight gain. Further studies with a larger sample are needed, as weight gain after transplantation is a significant risk factor for diminished long-term outcomes.
The Spirit in the Material: A Case Study of Animism in the American Southwest
Authors: VanPool Christine S. , Newsome Elizabeth 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPeople often imbue their surroundings, including tools, with a “life essence” that makes them active objects. A growing number of archaeologists are beginning to study how such “living” beings impact human behavior. These archaeologists use the term “object agency,” but employ many different ontologicai approaches. We explore this variation, and present a framework comparing different ontologicai models archaeologists use. We adopt an animistic perspective, and evaluate its applicability to the Southwest using ethnographic and archaeological data. We further propose that it is applicable throughout the New World. Puebloan potters consider pots living beings with a spiritual essence that is affected by and that impacts humans. Pottery manufacture is a mutual negotiation between the potter and the clay to create a “Made Being” with its own spiritual and material aspects. We conclude that a similar ontology is reflected in effigy pots and globular jars from the Casas Grandes region. Ultimately we conclude that this perspective provides useful insights into the placement, decoration, and discard of many vessels that have puzzled Southwestern archaeologists for decades.
The CTIS Womb to Classroom Screening Program for the detection of agents with adverse effects on neuropsychological development
Authors: Adams Jane , Janulewicz Patricia A. , Kao Kelly , Jones Kenneth Lyons , Chambers Christina 
Published: April 2012

AbstractOver the last several decades, federal agencies engaged in the screening of environmental or pharmaceutical agents have recognized the need to conduct research in animal models to identify agents that have classic teratogenic effects as well as effects on neural and behavioral development. Many questions typically addressed in rodent models can be further addressed using real‐world, everyday human exposures. Although some postmarketing surveillance programs have been put in place to examine the influences on birth characteristics, it is now urgent that programs be launched to examine the long‐term risks associated with exposure to the many medications, drugs, and environmental chemicals for which data are currently unavailable and unexplored. The California Teratogen Information Service (CTIS), established in 1983, and its corresponding Clinical Research Program represent the oldest national program directed at identifying pregnancy risk factors and exposures associated with adverse pregnancy outcome, including behavioral dysfunction. In recognition of the rising rates of developmental disorders involving compromised mental ability, in 2007, CTIS committed to the development of a more comprehensive screening program designed to detect relationships between adverse prenatal exposures and compromised human neurobehavioral development. The “CTIS Womb to Classroom Screening Program for the Detection of Agents with Adverse Effects on Neuropsychological Development” is the first program designed to identify agents not yet known to be of concern. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Host defense peptides: An alternative as antiinfective and immunomodulatory therapeutics
Authors: Alba Annia , López‐Abarrategui Carlos , Otero‐González Anselmo J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractHost defense peptides are conserved components of innate immune response present among all classes of life. These peptides are potent, broad spectrum antimicrobial agents with potential as novel therapeutic compounds. Also, the ability of host defense peptides to modulate immunity is an emerging therapeutic concept since its selective modulation is a novel antiinfective strategy. Their mechanisms of action and the fundamental differences between pathogens and host cells surfaces mostly lead to a not widely extended microbial resistance and to a lower toxicity toward host cells. Biological libraries and rational design are novel tools for developing such molecules with promising applications as therapeutic drugs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 98: 251–267, 2012.
Influence of lithium cations on prolyl peptide bonds
Authors: Kunz Claudia , Jahreis Günther , Günther Robert , Berger Stefan , Fischer Gunter , Hofmann Hans‐Jörg 
Published: April 2012

The influence of lithium cations on the cis/trans isomerization of prolyl peptide bonds was investigated in a quantitative manner in trifluoroethanol (TFE) and acetonitrile, employing NMR techniques. The focus was on various environmental and structural aspects, such as lithium cation and water concentrations, the type of the partner amino acid in the prolyl peptide bond, and the peptide sequence length.Comparison of the thermodynamic parameters of the isomerization in LiCl/TFE and TFE shows a lithium cation concentration dependence of the cis/trans ratio, which saturates at cation concentrations >200 mM. A pronounced increase in the cis isomer content in the presence of lithium cations occurs with the exception of peptides with Gly‐Pro and Asp‐Pro moieties. The cation effect appears already at the dipeptide level. The salt concentration can considerably be reduced in solvents with a lower number of nucleophilic centers like acetonitrile. The lithium cation effect decreases with small amounts of water and disappears at a water concentration of about 5%. The isomerization kinetics under the influence of lithium cations suggests a weak cation interaction with the carbonyl oxygen of the peptide bond. Copyright © 2012 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial extent and historical context of North Sea oxygen depletion in August 2010
Authors: Queste Bastien Y. , Fernand Liam , Jickells Timothy D. , Heywood Karen J. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Prompted by recent observations of seasonal low dissolved oxygen from two moorings in the North Sea, a hydrographic survey in August 2010 mapped the spatial extent of summer oxygen depletion. Typical near-bed dissolved oxygen saturations in the stratified regions of the North Sea were 75–80 % while the well-mixed regions of the southern North Sea reached 90 %. Two regions of strong thermal stratification, the area between the Dooley and Central North Sea Currents and the area known as the Oyster Grounds, had oxygen saturations as low as 65 and 70 % (200 and 180 μmol dm−3) respectively. Low dissolved oxygen was apparent in regions characterised by low advection, high stratification, elevated organic matter production from the spring bloom and a deep chlorophyll maximum. Historical data over the last century from the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea oceanographic database highlight an increase in seasonal oxygen depletion and a warming over the past 20 years. The 2010 survey is consistent with, and reinforces, the signal of recent depleted oxygen at key locations seen in the (albeit sparse) historical data.
Coexistence of carnivores in a heterogeneous landscape: habitat selection and ecological niches
Authors: Pereira Pedro , Alves da Silva António , Alves Joana , Matos Milena , Fonseca Carlos 
Published: April 2012

AbstractUnderstanding distributional patterns and mechanisms used by species for habitat selection is crucial to adopt effective land management policies in terms of biodiversity conservation. A heterogeneous landscape may allow coexistence of species. That coexistence will be dependent on the availability of the resources in the habitat that has to be sufficient to fulfil their basic needs. The present study aimed to investigate habitat selection, niche breadth and niche overlap of three sympatric carnivore species (Vulpes vulpes,Genetta genetta and Martes foina) in a typically fragmented landscape from Central Portugal, using camera‐trapping techniques. The results obtained revealed that the investigated species use the available habitats differently and in a non‐random way. The red fox showed the most specialized behaviour, positively selecting coniferous forests. The common genet preferred eucalyptus, avoiding old‐growth mixed woodland, in contrast with stone marten that exhibited a strong preference for this late habitat, avoiding eucalyptus. Concerning the niche breadth, the genet had the highest value while the red fox had the lowest one. The results obtained at the camera‐trap level showed that the highest niche overlap occurred between the genet and the stone marten which suggests that these species can coexist and share the available resources. Regarding the habitat level, the greatest niche overlap was found for the stone marten and the red fox, indicating the exploration of the same general habitat conditions by both species. The results obtained in the present study support the concept that landscape complexity allows coexistence between species within the same trophic level.
Synthesis and Surface Properties Study of a Series of Cationic Surfactants with Different Hydrophobic Chain Lengths
Authors: Badache Leila , Lehanine Zineb , Naït Abderrahmane Wahiba 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA series of three cationic surfactants with different chain lengths, i.e. O‐decyl‐, O‐dodecyl‐ and O‐tetradecyl‐N,N′‐diisopropylisourea hydrochloride were synthesized. The chemical structures of the prepared compounds were confirmed using chemical analysis, Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Several surface properties of the synthesized surfactants were studied in aqueous solution. Surface tension, conductivity and the foaming power were measured and the critical micelle concentration (CMC) was determined at 25 °C. These results were correlated to the surfactant chemical structure. The surfactant that provided the best surface activity was the O‐dodecyl‐N,N′‐diisopropylisourea hydrochloride. The CMC was found to be significantly dependent on the hydrophobic chain length and decreased with increasing of the carbon number in the alkyl chain. The surfactants synthesized have an interesting foaming power. The surfactant with the longest alkyl chain exhibited the highest foamability.
Osteopontin increases the proliferation of neural progenitor cells
Authors: Kalluri Haviryaji S.G. , Dempsey Robert J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe examined the role of osteopontin in the proliferation of neural progenitor cellsin vitro. Osteopontin increased the proliferation of neural progenitor cells in the presence of FGF2 as measured by cell proliferation assay and bromodeoxy uridine incorporation studies. In addition, immunoblot analysis demonstrated an increase in the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein with a concurrent increase in the content of phospho‐Akt and cyclin D1. These results indicate that osteopontin can upregulate the content of phospho‐Akt, cyclin D1 and phospho‐Rb to subsequently enhance the proliferation of neural progenitor cells in the presence of FGF2.
Formation of the macroanisotropic geoelectric parameters of a thin-layered geologic medium and the resolution of electrical prospecting
Authors: Mogilatov V.S. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The accuracy (detail, resolution) of controlled-source electrical prospecting is a combination of several disparate elements. They include the model framework used in the interpretation. A real geologic medium has a complex structure. Sedimentary rocks have a layered structure with fractal properties: The layers split into smaller ones. Large-scale geoelectrical studies (for example, electrical prospecting) require a proper geoelectrical model. By necessity, the 1D geoelectrical model in electrical prospecting is horizontally layered, with thick (hundreds of meters) homogeneous layers, whereas a fine structure is neglected. To study some aspects of this problem, we performed a set of numerical experiments. They were aimed at studying the TEM response from a formation consisting of many thin layers with random geoelectric parameters, mainly resistivity.
A hybrid approach to protein differential expression in mass spectrometry-based proteomics
Authors: Wang Xuan , Anderson Gordon A. , Smith Richard D. , Dabney Alan R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMotivation: Quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics involves statistical inference on protein abundance, based on the intensities of each protein's associated spectral peaks. However, typical MS-based proteomics datasets have substantial proportions of missing observations, due at least in part to censoring of low intensities. This complicates intensity-based differential expression analysis.Results: We outline a statistical method for protein differential expression, based on a simple Binomial likelihood. By modeling peak intensities as binary, in terms of ‘presence/absence,’ we enable the selection of proteins not typically amenable to quantitative analysis; e.g. ‘one-state’ proteins that are present in one condition but absent in another. In addition, we present an analysis protocol that combines quantitative and presence/absence analysis of a given dataset in a principled way, resulting in a single list of selected proteins with a single-associated false discovery rate.Availability: All R code available here: http://www.stat.tamu.edu/~adabney/share/xuan_code.zip.Contact: adabney@stat.tamu.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Mycorrhizal Networks: Common Goods of Plants Shared under Unequal Terms of Trade
Authors: Walder Florian , Niemann Helge , Natarajan Mathimaran , Lehmann Moritz F. , Boller Thomas , Wiemken Andres 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Plants commonly live in a symbiotic association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). They invest photosynthetic products to feed their fungal partners, which, in return, provide mineral nutrients foraged in the soil by their intricate hyphal networks. Intriguingly, AMF can link neighboring plants, forming common mycorrhizal networks (CMNs). What are the terms of trade in such CMNs between plants and their shared fungal partners? To address this question, we set up microcosms containing a pair of test plants, interlinked by a CMN of Glomus intraradices or Glomus mosseae. The plants were flax (Linum usitatissimum; a C3 plant) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor; a C4 plant), which display distinctly different 13C/12C isotope compositions. This allowed us to differentially assess the carbon investment of the two plants into the CMN through stable isotope tracing. In parallel, we determined the plants’ “return of investment” (i.e. the acquisition of nutrients via CMN) using 15N and 33P as tracers. Depending on the AMF species, we found a strong asymmetry in the terms of trade: flax invested little carbon but gained up to 94% of the nitrogen and phosphorus provided by the CMN, which highly facilitated growth, whereas the neighboring sorghum invested massive amounts of carbon with little return but was barely affected in growth. Overall biomass production in the mixed culture surpassed the mean of the two monocultures. Thus, CMNs may contribute to interplant facilitation and the productivity boosts often found with intercropping compared with conventional monocropping.
Professional avatars: librarians and educators in virtual worlds
Authors: Mon Lorri M. 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThis study aims to examine librarianship and education in virtual world settings, focusing particularly on how librarians and educators establish professional identity and trust while teaching and providing information services as avatars within Second Life.Design/methodology/approachData was gathered through semi‐structured in‐depth interviews with 12 librarians and educators within the virtual world of Second Life, and in visits to 50 virtual world workplaces.FindingsLibrarians and educators faced challenges of establishing professional identity and credibility for two different audiences – i.e. “newbies” and “residents” – within the “game‐like” virtual world environment. Visual elements such as a conservative, humanoid avatar appearance, and imagery drawn from traditional workplaces were used by librarians and educators to establish their professional role with “newbies”, while for “residents” an upgraded avatar appearance was necessary to convey credibility.Practical implicationsFor librarians and educators working within highly visual, graphical online settings such as virtual worlds, this study describes issues in providing avatar‐mediated online distance education and online library services.Originality/valueThis research provides in‐depth interviews and observations with librarians and educators from a variety of libraries and educational settings. The study also explores avatar‐mediated communication, which is little‐examined as yet in LIS research.
Epistemic foundation of bibliographic classification in early China
Authors: Lee Hur‐Li 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThis study aims to understand the epistemic foundation of the classification applied in the first Chinese library catalogue, the Seven Epitomes (Qilue).Design/methodology/approachOriginating from a theoretical stance that situates knowledge organization in its social context, the study applies a multifaceted framework pertaining to five categories of textual data: the Seven Epitomes; biographical information about the classificationist Liu Xin; and the relevant intellectual, political, and technological history.FindingsThe study discovers seven principles contributing to the epistemic foundation of the catalogue's classification: the Han imperial library collection imposed as the literary warrant; government functions considered for structuring texts; classicist morality determining the main classificatory structure; knowledge perceived and organized as a unity; objects, rather than subjects, of concern affecting categories at the main class level; correlative thinking connecting all text categories to a supreme knowledge embodied by the Six Classics; and classicist moral values resulting in both vertical and horizontal hierarchies among categories as well as texts.Research limitations/implicationsA major limitation of the study is its focus on the main classes, with limited attention to subclasses. Future research can extend the analysis to examine subclasses of the same scheme. Findings from these studies may lead to a comparison between the epistemic approach in the target classification and the analytic one common in today's bibliographic classification.Originality/valueThe study is the first to examine in depth the epistemic foundation of traditional Chinese bibliographic classification, anchoring the classification in its appropriate social and historical context.
Information retrieval (IR) and the paradox of change
Authors: Thornley Clare 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThis paper aims to explore whether philosophical insights from Plato's dialogue “Parmenides” on the complex and often paradoxical nature of change can illuminate the nature of information retrieval (IR). IR is modelled as a dialectic process involving mutually dependent yet conflicting forces between the subjective and the objective. These forces operate to produce change in the subjective experience of users (becoming informed) through facilitating a relationship with objective documents. Accurately modelling, predicting and enabling this process remains a persistent problem for IR and this paper seeks to examine the extent to which this is because of the nature of change.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is a conceptual analysis and literature review.FindingsThe problem of change (what it is, how it happens and how we can know it has happened) is essential to our understanding of information as information normally implies some kind of change in knowledge state. Any process of change, however, on examination of its qualities, appears to necessitate the combination of irreconcilable and conflicting forces. The apparent contradictions within the existence of change as discussed in “Parmenides” also exist in IR on both a theoretical and a technical level.Research limitations/implicationsChange is a central concept for information in general and IR in particular. A deeper understanding of the paradoxical nature of change can provide new insights into IR theory and practice.Originality/valueThe paper presents a new historical philosophical perspective on the nature of change and applies it to current IR problems.
Bilateral inter‐organizational learning in corporate venture capital activity
Authors: Yang Yi 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate impacts of governance characteristics and bilateral inter‐organizational learning on performance in the context of corporate venture capital (CVC) activity.Design/methodology/approachBased on a dataset of 232 CVC investments, the author examined how characteristics such as autonomy, incentive scheme, and broad representation of a CVC program and the knowledge inflows and outflows of the corporate investors impacted the corporate investor's innovativeness and the portfolio company's performance.FindingsThe results show that knowledge outflows from corporate investors can help enhance their portfolio companies' performance. In addition, incentive scheme and autonomy may facilitate knowledge inflows from portfolio companies to corporate investors, and influence the performance of both corporate investors and portfolio companies.Originality/valueThe paper's findings contribute to the inter‐organizational learning literature by empirically analysing the mutual learning processes in the context of corporate venturing. The paper extends corporate venturing literature by linking governance characteristic to the underlying mechanism of inter‐organizational learning between the corporate investors and the portfolio companies, as well as their performance.