bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistence with anti-tumour necrosis factor therapies in patients with psoriatic arthritis: observational study from the British Society of Rheumatology Biologics Register
Authors: Saad Amr A , Ashcroft Darren M , Watson Kath D , Hyrich Kimme L , Noyce Peter R , Symmons Deborah PM ,   the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register
Published: April 2009

AbstractIntroductionAnti-TNF therapies represent a breakthrough in the treatment of severe psoriatic arthritis. However, little is known about long-term drug persistence with these treatments in patients with psoriatic arthritis in routine clinical practice. The aim of this study was to assess persistence with first-course and second-course treatment with anti-TNF agents in a prospective cohort of psoriatic arthritis patients and to identify factors associated with and reasons for drug discontinuation.MethodsA total of 566 patients with psoriatic arthritis were registered with the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register (first anti-TNF agent: etanercept, n = 316; infliximab, n = 162; and adalimumab, n = 88). Treating physicians completed 6-monthly follow-up questionnaires detailing changes to anti-TNF therapies. Persistence with treatment was examined using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Reasons for withdrawal were classified as due to inefficacy, adverse events or other reasons. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were developed to examine potential predictors of withdrawals due to inefficacy or adverse events, using a range of demographic, baseline disease-specific and therapeutic variables.ResultsAt baseline, the mean (standard deviation) age of patients was 45.7 (11.1) years, 53% were female and the mean disease duration was 12.4 (8.7) years. Persistence data were available for a mean (standard deviation) follow-up of 2.3 (0.9) person-years. In total, 422 patients had completed at least 12 months of follow-up, 75.5% of whom remained on their first anti-TNF drug while 9.5% discontinued due to inefficacy, 10.0% due to adverse events and 5.0% due to other reasons. During the period of follow-up, 178 patients received a second anti-TNF therapy. The survivor function on second anti-TNF for switchers was 74% at 12 months.ConclusionsPsoriatic arthritis patients show high persistence rates with both initial and second anti-TNF therapies.
Effectiveness of Valsartan for Treatment of Hypertension: Patient Profiling and Hierarchical Modeling of Determinants and Outcomes (the Preview Study)
Authors: Niepen Patricia Van Der , Woestenburg Annemie , Brié Heidi , Vancayzeele Stefaan , Macdonald Karen , Denhaerynck Kris , Lee Christopher , Hermans Christine , Abraham Ivo 
Published: April 2009

Background Patient- and clinician-related factors may explain variability in blood pressure (BP) outcomes and the differences between real-world effectiveness and efficacy seen in randomized trials of antihypertensive agents. Objective To examine the effectiveness of 90 days of second-line valsartan treatment and identify patient- and physician-level determinants that impact BP outcomes. Methods A prospective, multicenter, multilevel pharmacoepidemiologic study was conducted in 3194 hypertensive patients (systolic BP [SBP] ≥140 mm Hg, diastolic BP [DBP] ≥90 mm Hg; for diabetic patients, ≥130 and ≥80 mm Hg, respectively) treated by 504 general practitioners (GPs). Statistical analysis included heuristic data mining, and hierarchical linear and logistic modeling. Results With valsartan treatment, mean ± SD SBP decreased from 154.4 ± 15.5 mm Hg to 139.0 ± 12.0 mm Hg and mean DBP decreased from 91.3 ± 9.2 mm Hg to 82.6 ± 7.4 mm Hg. SBP control rates increased from 9.0% to 38.6%, DBP from 25.5% to 65.5%, and combined SBP/DBP from 7.3% to 34.4%. A highly vulnerable cohort (n = 1063;35.4%) of patients was identified. Twenty-four percent of variability in SBP and 25% of variability in DBP at 90 days were attributable to physician-related variables: guideline-compliant BP management, hypertension, practice patterns, hypertensive patient volume, and years in practice. The remaining 76% and 75% of variability in SBP and DBP, respectively, were due to patient factors, notably diabetes and related complications, vulnerability to uncontrolled BP, nonadherence, cardiovascular risk, and age. Simitar factors increased the odds of treatment nonresponse, with diabetes being the single largest determinant of uncontrolled SBP (OR 8.99), DBP (OR 20.35), and combined SBP/DBP (OR = 18.64). Conclusions Valsartan is effective and well tolerated in a broad range of patients in whom first-line antihypertensive treatment failed or was not tolerated. Mitigating the impact of BP-elevating variables and optimizing the effect of BP-lowering factors provides therapeutic benefits incremental to valsartan's pharmacologic effect. Improving outcomes in hypertensive patients involves 3 steps: (1) identifying, intuitively rather than formally, patients less likely to achieve BP control; (2) targeting modifiable or manageable patient- and physician-level determinants with BP-elevating or BP-lowering effects; and (3) managing variables that increase the odds and optimizing those that lower the odds of uncontrolled BP.
Kinetics and mechanism of the aminolysis of thioesters and thiocarbonates in solution
Authors: Castro Enrique A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe aminolysis reactions of thioesters and thiocarbonates, in either aqueous solution or in 44 wt % aqueous ethanol at 25 °C, are subjected to a kinetic investigation. The Brønsted-type plots (lgkNvs. amine pKa, wherekNis the nucleophilic rate constant) obtained for these reactions can be grouped in three categories: linear plots with slopes 0.8-1, biphasic plots (two linear portions and a curve in between), and linear plots with slopes 0.4-0.6. The two former plots are attributed to stepwise reactions through a zwitterionic tetrahedral intermediate. The latter plots are associated with a concerted mechanism. The fact that some reactions are stepwise and others concerted depends on the stability of the zwitterionic tetrahedral intermediate. This work shows how the experimental data allows one to assess the mechanism of these reactions. Also discussed are the factors that affect the stability of this intermediate, which in turn determines the pathway followed by the reaction. The factors analyzed in this work are (i) the leaving group of the substrate, (ii) the nature of the amine, (iii) the non-leaving group of the substrate, (iv) the electrophilic group of the substrate (CS vs. CO), and (v) the solvent.
Proton transfers in aromatic systems: How aromatic is the transition state?
Authors: Bernasconi Claude F. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
The question as to what extent aromaticity in a reactant or product is expressed in the transition state of a reaction has only recently received serious attention. Inasmuch as aromaticity is related to resonance, one might expect that, in a reaction that leads to aromatic products, its development at the transition state should lag behind bond changes as is invariably the case for the development of resonance in reactions that lead to delocalized products. However, recent experimental and computational studies on proton transfers from carbon acids suggest the opposite behavior, i.e., the development of aromaticity at the transition state is more advanced than the proton transfer. The evidence for this claim is based on the determination of intrinsic barriers that show a decrease with increasing aromaticity. According to the Principle of Nonperfect Synchronization (PNS), this decrease in the intrinsic barrier implies a disproportionately large amount of aromatic stabilization of the transition state. Additional evidence for the high degree of transition state aromaticity comes from the calculation of aromaticity indices such as HOMA, NICS, and the Bird Index. Possible reasons why the degree to which aromaticity and resonance are expressed at the transition state is different are discussed.
Steric and electronic effects in SN2 reactions
Authors: Uggerud Einar 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
This article gives an overview of recently published literature on the factors that govern SN2 reactivity. By comparing reactivity in solution with that in the isolated gas phase, it has become possible to dissect the contribution of the solvent from that of the intrinsic molecular properties. This has proven to be an extremely important and fruitful step forward in obtaining key knowledge not available before. The gas-phase studies have made it clear that organic chemists need to revise radically their concepts and ideas about this crucial reaction type. This is particularly true with regard to the commonly used term "steric effect".
Divalent carbon(0) compounds
Authors: Frenking Gernot , Tonner Ralf 
Published: April 2009

AbstractQuantum chemical studies show that there is a class of carbon compounds with the general formular CL2where the carbon atom retains its four valence electrons as two lone pairs. The C-L bonds come from L → C donor-acceptor interactions where L is a strong σ-donor. Divalent C(0) compounds (carbones) are conceptually different from divalent C(II) compounds (carbenes) and tetravalent carbon compounds, but the bonding situation in a real molecule may be intermediate between the three archetypes. There are molecules like tetraaminoallenes which may be described in terms of two double bonds (R2N)2C=C=C(NR2)2where the extraordinary donor strength of the dicoordinated carbon atom comes only to the fore through the interactions with protons and Lewis acids. They may be considered as "hidden divalent C(0) compounds". The donor strength of divalent C(0) molecules has been investigated by calculations of the binding energies with protons and with main-group Lewis acids and the bond dissociation energies (BDEs) of transition-metal complexes.
Ritka lokalizációjú méhen kívüli terhesség – májterhesség eseter
Authors: Jáné Zoltán , Farkasdi József , Jáger László , Kneffel Pál , Koppány Csaba , Márkus Béla , Puskás Tamás 
Published: April 2009

Absztrakt
A méhen kívüli terhesség az életet közvetlenül veszélyeztető leggyakoribb kórkép a mindennapi szülészet-nőgyógyászati gyakorlatban. A szerzők egy 28 éves nő esetét mutatják be, aki epigastrialis fájdalom miatt jelentkezett kórházukban. Az elvégzett diagnosztika 16 hetes májterhességet igazolt. A szerzők hangsúlyozzák a méhen kívüli terhesség korai felismerésének és ellátásának fontosságát, melyek fontos szerepet játszanak az anyai mortalitás csökkentésében.
A New Retrievable Wire Line Cementing
Authors: Caldwell Blake M. , Briggs George E. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
This paper describes a new retrievable wire line cementing tool, its field operation, well applications, well conditions, and performance data.
The cementing tool is "run" into a well on an armored electric cable in the same manner as a conventional perforating gun. The tool utilizes gases from the burning of a high energy propellant to expand a rubber packer against either casing or an open hole section. Further expansion of gases shears an aluminum retaining plug from the bottom of the cement container, forcing cement into the desired position. The complete tool with the exception of the small aluminum plug and gun seal is retrieved from the well. Additional cementing"runs" may be made for additional cement fill.
This wire line tool has been used successfully to eliminate bottom-hole water from an open hole section, to squeeze cement either a complete or partial set of perforations, to squeeze leaky casing shoes, to seal leaky bridging plugs, and to seal channels in the annulus.

Introduction
In the past few years with deeper drilling and new well completion techniques, the cementing of oil wells has become a more highly developed operation with specialized equipment and trained personnel.
During primary casing cementing operations, neat cement is placed in the annulus to accomplish any or all of the following:Separate formationsSeal formation for deeper drillingForm a support and protective cement sheath around the casing
Squeeze cementing may be defined as a secondary cementing operation in which cement or other sealing material is forced into an open section or into perforations to obtain a seal or a "shut off" of undesirable fluids or gas.
The quantity of cement usually necessary to actually seal perforations, channels, and voids, or to successfully seal an open hole section has generally been found to be relatively small. It is necessary only to fill the desired channel or perforations with cement, allowing it to harden in position. The problem is to place the cement where it is needed, and with conventional methods, this sometimes requires many times the amount of cement actually needed for sealing.
Mechanical Simulator That Duplicates Behavior Of Sucker Rod Pumping Systems
Authors: Halderson M.H. 
Published: April 2009

Introduction
Study of the sucker rod pumping problem shows (1) that the numerous formulas being used to calculate load and stroke in sucker rod pumping systems are not derived from the differential equations that define the behavior of the system,(2) that the formulas being used give sufficiently accurate results only in certain limited portions of the wide range of conditions to which sucker rod pumping systems are applied, and (3) that the sucker rod pumping system is so complicated that the equations which define its behavior cannot be solved mathematically.
Problems like the sucker rod pumping problem have occurred in other fields of engineering. These have been solved by the use of special analog systems or simulators. The objective of this paper is to present the background and details of a mechanical simulator that is being constructed to solve the sucker rod pumping problem.

Sponsor
The simulator for sucker rod pumping systems is being financed by Sucker Rod Pumping Research, Inc., with headquarters in Bartlesville, Okla. This is a nonprofit organization which has the objective of solving the sucker rod pumping problem.
Sucker Rod Pumping Research, Inc., was chartered in the state of Delaware on Jan. 18, 1954. It has a board of directors, consisting of one representative for each member desiring representation, and an Executive Committee that is appointed by the directors. The organization also includes a Technical Advisory Committee with a representative from each member, Within the Technical Advisory Committee is a smaller group called the Operating Committee which handles a large part of the detail work.
Membership in Sucker Rod Pumping Research, Inc., now includes 29 producing and manufacturing companies These are listed in Table I. Membership is open at any time to any interested individual, producing organization, manufacturer, or supplier. There are no penalties for joining late. Those who join after the charter date are required to contribute only what they would have contributed had they been charter members.
The effect of calcium substitution on the afterglow of Eu2+/Dy3+ doped Sr4Al14O25
Authors: Dacyl Danuta , Uhlich Dominik , Jüstel Thomas 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe effect of calcium substitution on the afterglow of tetrastrontium aluminate phosphors (Sr4Al14O25:Eu2+, Dy3+) was investigated. A series of (Sr1-xCax)O⊎nAl2O3:Eu2+(1%), Dy3+(0.5%), with variation of calcium content (x = 0 − 1), were synthesized by a high temperature solid state reaction in a reducing atmosphere. The photoluminescence, persistent luminescence (afterglow), and lumen equivalents of these materials were studied and compared. It turned out that the afterglow properties of the phosphors were strongly dependent on the Sr/Ca ratio. As the Ca content increased, a phase transition and blue shift in emission spectra were observed.
Maintaining habitat diversity at small scales benefits wild bees and pollination services in mountain apple orchards
Authors: Zanini Sebastiano , Dainese Matteo , Kopf Timo , Leitinger Georg , Tappeiner Ulrike 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Landscape context influences wild bee abundance and diversity, alongside pollination‐related services. Growing evidence supports the positive effects of landscape heterogeneity on bee diversity and fruit production for pollination‐dependent crops in flatlands. However, little remains known about these relationships in mountainous environments where the landscape matrix surrounding crops is often more complex than in lowlands.

We conducted our study in apple orchards in South Tyrol, an Alpine region in Italy, using pan‐traps, direct observations of visitation frequency and a pollinator exclusion experiment. We investigated the scale‐dependent effects of landscape heterogeneity and other parameters on wild bee assemblages and the related pollination service they provide at five spatial scales (radius 100–2000 m).

We found that landscape heterogeneity positively affected the abundance and richness of wild bees, with the strongest effect at 500 m. We calculated a multidiversity index, reflecting the land‐use intensity based on the species richness of vascular plants, grasshoppers, butterflies, birds and bats. We identified a positive relationship between this multidiversity index and wild bee richness. Additionally, we found that visitation rate of wild bees was negatively affected by crop cover and that abundance of honeybees did not influence wild bee visitation rate or reproductive success. Finally, reproductive success was positively related to semi‐natural habitat cover.

Landscape heterogeneity should be maintained in apple orchards to continue to reap the benefits of vital pollination‐related services. Diversification strategies should be implemented to promote habitat diversity at small scales, even in regions with more than 80% of (semi‐)natural habitats.
Bionic Olfactory Synaptic Transistors for Artificial Neuromotor Pathway Construction and Gas Recognition
Authors: Wu Xiaocheng , Jiang Longlong , Xu Honghuan , Wang Banghu , Yang Lu , Wang Xiaohong , Zheng Lei , Xu Wentao , Qiu Longzhen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe superior recognition ability and excitatory–inhibitory balance of the olfactory system has important applications in the efficient recognition, analysis, and processing of data. In this study, transistor synaptic devices are prepared utilizing poly‐diketo‐pyrrolopyrrole‐selenophene polymer (PTDPPSe‐5Si) with excellent electrical properties as the active layer, and dual‐gas pulses are applied for the first time to simulate excitatory and inhibitory behaviors in the olfactory system. Basic synaptic properties are successfully simulated, such as excitatory/inhibitory postsynaptic currents (EPSC/IPSC), and long‐term potentiation/depression (LTP/LTD). The regulation of excitatory–inhibitory balance in biomimetic olfaction is successfully simulated. This working mechanism is attributed to the capture and release of carriers in the channel induced by the gas's electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing characteristics. The neuromotor pathway is constructed using synaptic devices as the key processing unit, which enables the integration of information from neurons and the output of information from motor neurons. A convolutional neural network is constructed to achieve recognition of eight common laboratory gas types and concentrations with a recognition accuracy of over 97%. The simulated excitatory and inhibitory behaviors exhibited by this device hold significant importance for the development of artificial neural networks, intelligent frameworks, and neural robots.
Ultrasensitive and On‐Site Detection of Nitroaromatic Explosives Through a Dual‐Mode Hydrogel Sensor Utilizing Portable Devices
Authors: Zhang Jiawei , Xiong Jingyi , Gao Bowen , Zheng Xufan , Hu Tianyu , Li Dexin , Li Yuda , Wu Jingnan , Wang Xunchang , Yang Renqiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe development of straightforward and dependable explosive sensors for on‐site identification is essential to preserving public safety concerns and lowering the safety risks related to explosions. However, one of the main barriers to the advancement of on‐site explosives detection in the future is the complexity of detection process. Here, a flexible hydrogel‐based sensing platform based on 3,4‐bis (4‐(1,2,2‐triphenylvinyl) phenyl) thiophene (TPE‐Z) and a methyl red design concept is shown that simultaneously achieves all targeted properties, including being quick, portable, reliable, and resistant to external interference. This composite fluorescent probe demonstrates outstanding detection capabilities, including low detection limits (0.48 mg L−1) and rapid response times (<5 s), which can be combined with smartphones for on‐site 2,4,6‐trinitrophenol (picric acid, PA) detection. Two independent fluorescence and colorimetric channels on the sensor showed selective response to PA under fluorescence and visible light irradiation, respectively. Meanwhile, the hydrogel sensor's distinct “turn on” and “turn off” response modes to PA can be utilized to construct “YES” and “NO” logic gates, which subsequently proves that they can be employed to differentiate PA on‐site. This sensing platform based on hydrogel is envisaged to offer in‐depth insights in advancing the on‐site detection of nitroaromatic explosives.
N‐Type CuIn5Se8‐Based Thermoelectric Materials with All‐Scale Hierarchical Architectures
Authors: Yuan Jiaqi , Deng Tingting , Qiu Pengfei , Li Zhi , Zhou Zhengyang , Ming Chen , Xiong Yifei , Ma Chao , Shi Xun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCopper (Cu)‐based thermoelectric (TE) materials have attracted great attention from both scientific and industrial societies, but for a long time, their real applications are greatly limited by the lack of high‐performance n‐type Cu‐based TE materials. Most recently, the novel n‐type Cu‐based TE material, CuIn5Se8, has been discovered to show a record‐high TE figure‐of‐merit (zT) to match the state‐of‐the‐art p‐type Cu‐based TE materials. However, the physical origin of such high zT is still unclear due to its complex phase compositions and crystal structures. In this work, it is revealed that the excellent TE performance is mainly contributed by the intrinsically ultralow lattice thermal conductivity originating from the unique all‐scale hierarchical architecture. It covers the ranges from atomic‐scale cation disorder in the tetragonal CuIn5Se8 phase and nanoscale diversified stacking units and stacking sequences in the hexagonal CuIn5Se8 phase, to mesoscale grain boundaries between the tetragonal phase and hexagonal phase. Doping Br at the Se‐sites can largely tune the electrical transports of CuIn5Se8 while maintaining the ultralow lattice thermal conductivity, leading to high zT reaching the optimal value predicted by the single parabolic model. This work will guide the investigation of n‐type Cu‐based TE materials in the future.
Intrinsically Photopatternable High‐k Polymer Dielectric for Flexible Electronics
Authors: Lee Gunoh , Jang Seong Cheol , Lee Ju Hyeok , Park Ji‐Min , Noh Byeongil , Choi Hyuk , Kweon Hyukmin , Kim Do Hwan , Kim Hyun You , Kim Hyun‐Suk , Lee Kyung Jin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe development of flexible and stretchable devices is crucial for realizing future electronics. In particular, for dielectric layer, conventional inorganic materials are limited by their brittle nature, while organic materials suffer from a low dielectric constant. Here, a novel intrinsically photopatternable high‐k Parylene‐based thin film (Parylene‐OH) is fabricated via a chemical vapor deposition process based on the Gorham method, which provides pin‐hole free, conformal polymeric film on any type of surface. Parylene‐OH can be photo‐patterned by UV crosslinking without further lithography processes and dielectric constant of Parylene‐OH increases from 6.05 to 7.53 after crosslinking, without degrading other parameters, making it comparable to conventional high‐k dielectric, Al2O3. Flexible In─Ga─Zn─O (IGZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) with patterned dielectric layers can withstand higher strain owing to the localized pattern of each unit. A CMOS inverter integrated with n‐type IGZO and p‐type Te TFTs is successfully fabricated. Parylene‐OH can be used in the future of state‐of‐the‐art flexible electronic devices.