bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual dysfunction in the older man
Authors: Albersen M , Shindel AW , Lue TF 
Published: December 2009

SummaryAge is strongly associated with risk of sexual dysfunction in both men and women. For many years it was assumed that such a loss of sexuality was natural and inevitable, and therefore little attention was given to sexual behaviour and treatment in this population. However, more recent data have suggested that sexuality remains important into later life for many individuals. Although appreciation of sexuality persists, a decline in sexual activity is typical with advancing age, which is in part attributable to both general health problems and specific sexual dysfunctions, both becoming more prevalent with ageing. The principle sexual health issues in older men include erectile dysfunction and late onset hypogonadism. Although premature ejaculation is prevalent in older men, the bother from this disorder is generally lower in older men. This manuscript consists of a review of the contemporary peer-reviewed literature and attempts to provide insights for the physician treating the geriatric population. We discuss sexual behaviour at older age, and address erectile and androgen biology in older men and the prevalence and aetiology of sexual dysfunction in this population. Furthermore, an overview of contemporary pharmacological treatments for older men's sexual problems is provided.
WHAT IS RACIAL DOMINATION?
Authors: Desmond Matthew , Emirbayer Mustafa 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWhen students of race and racism seek direction, they can find no single comprehensive source that provides them with basic analytical guidance or that offers insights into the elementary forms of racial classification and domination. We believe the field would benefit greatly from such a source, and we attempt to offer one here. Synchronizing and building upon recent theoretical innovations in the area of race, we lend some conceptual clarification to the nature and dynamics of race and racial domination so that students of the subjects—especially those seeking a general (if economical) introduction to the vast field of race studies—can gain basic insight into how race works as well as effective (and fallacious) ways to think about racial domination. Focusing primarily on the American context, we begin by defining race and unpacking our definition. We then describe how our conception of race must be informed by those of ethnicity and nationhood. Next, we identify five fallacies to avoid when thinking about racism. Finally, we discuss the resilience of racial domination, concentrating on how all actors in a society gripped by racism reproduce the conditions of racial domination, as well as on the benefits and drawbacks of approaches that emphasize intersectionality.
WHITE JUSTIFICATIONS FOR SCHOOL CLOSINGS IN PRINCE EDWARD COUNTY, VIRGINIA, 1959–1964
Authors: Bonastia Christopher 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFrom 1959 to 1964, Prince Edward County, Virginia, dodged a court desegregation order by refusing to operate public schools. Though the county played an integral role in the national battle over civil rights, scholars and journalists have largely neglected Prince Edward's role in the national drama of race. In 1951, Black high school students went on strike to protest unequal school facilities. This strike led to an NAACP lawsuit that became one of five decided inBrown v. Board of Education. When faced with a final desegregation deadline in 1959, the county put itself in a unique position by becoming the only school district in the U.S. to close its public schools for an extended period of time rather than accept any desegregation. Most White students attended a private, segregated academy; over three-quarters of Black Prince Edward students lost some or all of those years of education. White county leaders believed they were creating a blueprint for defying desegregation in the rural South and perhaps, they hoped, throughout much of the United States. Using archival materials, interviews and secondary accounts, I explain how White county leaders made a public case for the school closings. These leaders' rhetorical strategy was a crucial early draft in the depiction of segregation as a natural state free of racial rancor. The segregationist rhetoric emanating from Prince Edward County was grounded primarily in arguments for privatization, local self-determination, and taxpayers' rights. Such arguments would come to dominate conservative rhetoric nationwide.
Bockstein theorem for nilpotent groups
Authors: Cencelj M. , Dydak J. , Mitra A. , Vavpetič A. 
Published: December 2009

We extend the definition of Bockstein basis

σ
(
G
)

\sigma (G)

to nilpotent groups

G
G

. A metrizable space

X
X

is called a Bockstein space if

dim
G

⁡
(
X
)
=
sup
{

dim
H

⁡
(
X
)

|

H
∈
σ
(
G
)
}

\operatorname {dim}_G(X) = \sup \{\operatorname {dim}_H(X) | H\in \sigma (G)\}

for all Abelian groups

G
G

. The Bockstein First Theorem says that all compact spaces are Bockstein spaces.

Here are the main results of the paper:

Theorem 0.1. Let

X
X

be a Bockstein space. If

G
G

is nilpotent, then

dim
G

⁡
(
X
)
≤
1

\operatorname {dim}_G(X) \leq 1

if and only if

sup
{

dim
H

⁡
(
X
)

|

H
∈
σ
(
G
)
}
≤
1

\sup \{\operatorname {dim}_H(X) | H\in \sigma (G)\}\leq 1

.

Theorem 0.2.

X
X

is a Bockstein space if and only if

dim

Z

(
l
)

⁡
(
X
)
=

dim

Z
^

(
l
)

⁡
(
X
)

\operatorname {dim}_{{\mathbf {Z}}_{(l)}} (X) = \operatorname {dim}_{\hat {Z}_{(l)}}(X)

for all subsets

l
l

of prime numbers.
An optimal limiting 2𝐷 Sobolev inequality
Authors: Biryuk Andrei 
Published: December 2009

The main goal of this paper is to prove an optimal limiting Sobolev inequality in two dimensions for Hölder continuous functions. Additionally, from this inequality we derive the double logarithmic inequality\[‖u‖L∞⩽‖∇u‖L22παln⁡(1+62πα‖u‖C˙α‖∇u‖L2ln⁡(1+2πα‖u‖C˙α‖∇u‖L2))\|u\|_{L^{\infty }} \leqslant \frac {\|\nabla u\|_{L^2}}{\sqrt {2\pi \alpha }} \sqrt {\ln \Bigl (1+6\sqrt {2\pi \alpha } \tfrac {\|u\|_{{\left .\rm \! \dot C\right .^{\!\alpha }}}}{\|\nabla u\|_{L^{2}}} \sqrt {\ln (1+\sqrt {2\pi \alpha } \tfrac {\|u\|_{{\left .\rm \! \dot C\right .^{\!\alpha }}}} {\|\nabla u\|_{L^{2}}} )\!}\, \Bigr )}\]for functionsu∈W01,2(B1)u\in W^{1,2}_0(B_1)on the unit diskB1B_1inR2\mathbb R^2,α∈(0,1].\alpha \in (0,1].
Homomorphism of quasianalytic local rings
Authors: Elkhadiri Abdelhafed 
Published: December 2009

Let

C

n

\mathcal {C}_n

be a local quasi-analytic subring of the ring of germs of

C
∞

C^\infty

functions on

R

n

\mathbb {R}^n

, and let

C

=
{

C

n

,

n
∈

N

}

\mathcal {C}=\{ \mathcal {C}_n\,,\, n\in \mathbb {N}\}

. We suppose that

C

\mathcal {C}

is closed under composition. Consider a map

φ
:
(

R

n

,
0
)
→
(

R

k

,
0
)

\varphi : (\mathbb {R}^n, 0)\rightarrow (\mathbb {R}^k, 0)

vanishing at zero, where

φ
\varphi

is a

k
k

-tuple

(

φ
1

,
…
,

φ
k

)

(\varphi _1,\ldots ,\varphi _k)

and

φ
1

,
…
,

φ
k

\varphi _1,\ldots ,\varphi _k

are in

C

n

\mathcal {C}_n

. Then

φ
\varphi

defines uniquely a map

ϕ
:

C

k

→

C

n

\phi : \mathcal {C}_k \rightarrow \mathcal {C}_n

by composition, and

ϕ
\phi

induces a morphism

ϕ
^

:

C

k

^

→

C

n

^

\hat {\phi }: \hat {\mathcal {C}_k }\rightarrow \hat {\mathcal {C}_n}

between completions. We let

ϕ
∗

:

C

k

^

C

k

→

C

n

^

C

n

\phi _* : \frac {\hat {\mathcal {C}_k} }{\mathcal {C}_k }\rightarrow \frac {\hat {\mathcal {C}_n }}{\mathcal {C}_n }

be the homomorphism of groups induced by

ϕ
\phi

and

ϕ
^

\hat {\phi }

in the obvious manner. In the analytic case, i.e. when each

C

n

\mathcal {C}_n

is the ring of germs of real analytic functions, M. Eakin and A. Harris give a condition under which

ϕ
∗

\phi _*

is injective. In this paper we prove that the same statement does not hold for a quasianalytic system unless this system is analytic.
Non-crossing linked partitions, the partial order ≪ on 𝑁𝐶(𝑛), and the 𝑆-transform
Authors: Nica Alexandru 
Published: December 2009

The paper establishes a connection between two recent combinatorial developments in free probability: the non-crossing linked partitions introduced by Dykema in 2007 to study the

S
S

-transform, and the partial order

≪
\ll

on

N
C
(
n
)

NC(n)

introduced by Belinschi and Nica in 2008 in order to study relations between free and Boolean probability. More precisely, one has a canonical bijection between

N
C
L
(
n
)

NCL(n)

(the set of all non-crossing linked partitions of

{
1
,
…
,
n
}

\{ 1, \ldots , n \}

) and the set

{
(
α
,
β
)
∣
α
,
β
∈
N
C
(
n
)
,

α
≪
β
}

\{ ( \alpha , \beta ) \mid \alpha , \beta \in NC(n), \ \alpha \ll \beta \}

. As a consequence of this bijection, one gets an alternative description of Dykema’s formula expressing the moments of a non-commutative random variable

a
a

in terms of the coefficients of the reciprocal

S
S

-transform

1

/

S
a

1/S_a

. Moreover, due to the Boolean features of

≪
\ll

, this formula can be simplified to a form which resembles the moment-cumulant formula from

c
c

-free probability.
The singular extremal solutions of the bi-Laplacian with exponential nonlinearity
Authors: Moradifam Amir 
Published: December 2009

Consider the problem

{

Δ
2

u
=
λ

e

u

a
m
p
;
in
B
,

u
=

∂
u

∂
n

=
0

a
m
p
;
on
∂
B
,

\begin{eqnarray*} \left \{ \begin {array}{ll} \Delta ^2 u= \lambda e^{u} &\text {in } B,\\ u=\frac {\partial u}{\partial n}=0 &\text {on }\partial B, \end{array} \right . \end{eqnarray*}

where

B
B

is the unit ball in

R

N

{\mathbb {R}}^N

and

λ
\lambda

is a parameter. Unlike the Gelfand problem the natural candidate

u
=
−
4
ln
⁡
(

|

x

|

)

u=-4\ln (|x|)

, for the extremal solution, does not satisfy the boundary conditions, and hence showing the singular nature of the extremal solution in large dimensions close to the critical dimension is challenging. Recently a computer-assisted proof was used to show that the extremal solution is singular in dimensions

13
≤
N
≤
31

13\leq N\leq 31

. Here by an improved Hardy-Rellich inequality we overcome this difficulty and give a simple mathematical proof to show that the extremal solution is singular in dimensions

N
≥
13

N\geq 13

.
Structure of a family 3b′ carbohydrate-binding module from the Cel9V glycoside hydrolase fromClostridium thermocellum: structural diversity and implications for carbohydrate binding
Authors: Petkun Svetlana , Jindou Sadanari , Shimon Linda J. W. , Rosenheck Sonia , Bayer Edward A. , Lamed Raphael , Frolow Felix 
Published: December 2009

Family 3 carbohydrate-binding modules (CBM3s) are associated with both cellulosomal scaffoldins and family 9 glycoside hydrolases (GH9s), which are multi-modular enzymes that act on cellulosic substrates. CBM3s bind cellulose. X-ray crystal structures of these modules have established an accepted cellulose-binding mechanism based on stacking interactions between the sugar rings of cellulose and a planar array of aromatic residues located on the CBM3 surface. These planar-strip residues are generally highly conserved, although some CBM3 sequences lack one or more of these residues. In particular, CBM3b′ fromClostridium thermocellumCel9V exhibits such sequence changes and fails to bind cellulosic substrates. A crystallographic investigation of CBM3b′ has been initiated in order to understand the structural reason(s) for this inability. CBM3b′ crystallized in space groupC2221(diffraction was obtained to 2.0 Å resolution in-house) with three independent molecules in the asymmetric unit and in space groupP41212 (diffraction was obtained to 1.79 Å resolution in-house and to 1.30 Å resolution at a synchrotron) with one molecule in the asymmetric unit. The molecular structure of Cel9V CBM3b′ revealed that in addition to the loss of several cellulose-binding residues in the planar strip, changes in the backbone create a surface `hump' which could interfere with the formation of cellulose–protein surface interactions and thus prevent binding to crystalline cellulose.
High density of intraepithelial γδ lymphocytes and deposits of immunoglobulin (Ig)M anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies in the jejunum of coeliac patients with IgA deficiency
Authors: Borrelli M , Maglio M , Agnese M , Paparo F , Gentile S , Colicchio B , Tosco A , Auricchio R , Troncone R 
Published: December 2009

SummaryThe diagnosis of coeliac disease (CD) represents a special challenge in selective immunoglobulin (Ig)A deficiency (IgAD). A high density of T cell receptor (TCR)γδ+ intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) and intestinal IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase 2 (anti-TG2) antibody deposits are suggestive of CD. We analysed the density of TCRγδ+ IELs and the deposition of IgM anti-TG2 antibodies in the jejunal mucosa of IgAD patients with and without CD. Immunohistochemical analyses for the number of CD3+ and TCRγδ+ IELs and double immunofluorescence assay for IgM anti-TG2 antibody deposits were performed in biopsies from 25 children with IgAD (nine untreated CD, seven potential CD and nine without CD). Sixteen immunologically intact children without CD represented the controls. IgAD without CD had a higher number of CD3+ and TCRγδ+ IELs than controls (P &lt; 0·05), but lower than IgAD with CD (P &lt; 0·01). No significant differences were noted between IgAD subjects without CD and those with potential CD. Furthermore, IgAD patients without CD showed a higher TCRγδ+/CD3+ ratio than the control group (P &lt; 0·05), while the ratio was similar to subjects with CD and potential CD. Intestinal IgM anti-TG2 antibody deposits were present in six of seven of the IgAD patients with untreated CD, one of seven with potential CD and none of those without CD. Most of the patients with IgAD show immune activation in the jejunal mucosa. IgM anti-TG2 antibody deposits are present only in CD. Intestinal IgM anti-TG2 and immunohistochemical markers do not discriminate between IgAD and potential CD with IgAD. Therefore, the serum IgG CD-associated autoantibodies remains very important for the diagnosis of CD in IgAD.
High‐dose tirofiban with enoxaparin and inflammatory markers in high‐risk percutaneous intervention
Authors: Walters D. L. , Ray M. J. , Wood P. , Perrin E. J. , Bett J. H. N. , Aroney C. N. 
Published: December 2009

Eur J Clin Invest 2010; 40 (2): 139–147AbstractAim  The study assessed the benefit of high bolus dose tirofiban (HD‐tirofiban) with enoxaparin compared with HD‐tirofiban with unfractionated heparin (UFH). The study examined markers of platelet activation, thrombin generation and inflammation.Materials and methods  The study is a prospective single centre open‐label trial of patients with high‐risk acute coronary syndrome treated with percutaneous intervention (PCI) who were randomized to anticoagulation with UFH or enoxaparin with HD‐tirofiban (25 μg kg−1 bolus). This study measured a panel of platelet activation markers, inflammatory biomarkers and thrombus generation between the two groups.Result  Sixty patients undergoing high‐risk PCI were enroled in the study. Platelet inhibition as assessed by whole blood aggregometry following HD‐tirofiban infusion was similar in both the UFH and enoxaparin groups. CD40 ligand expression on platelets was significantly reduced following PCI with HD‐tirofiban and either UFH or enoxaparin. Following PCI, there were significant reductions measured in other markers of platelet activation including PAC‐1, P selectin, factor V/Va, platelet‐monocyte aggregates and monocyte expression of Mac‐1 as determined by analysis of venous blood samples using flow cytometry. Prothrombin fragment 1+2, D‐dimer, von Willebrand factor and high sensitive C‐reactive protein levels were significantly less post PCI in the enoxaparin group compared with those patients receiving UFH.Conclusion  The combination of HD tirofiban with enoxaparin resulted in an attenuated inflammatory response when compared with that of the combination of HD tirofiban with UFH.
Suppressive effect of COX2 inhibitor on the progression of adipose inflammation in high‐fat‐induced obese rats
Authors: Hsieh P.‐S. , Lu K.‐C. , Chiang C.‐F. , Chen C.‐H. 
Published: December 2009

Eur J Clin Invest 2010; 40 (2): 164–171AbstractBackground  The aim was to examine whether the inhibition of selective cyclooxygenase (COX) 2 activation could suppress the development of inflammatory reaction in visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fats of high‐fat‐induced obese rats.Materials and methods  The rats were fed separately regular diet (CONT), high‐fat diet ad libitum or energy‐restrictedly (HFr) for 12 weeks. Rats fed high‐fat diet ad libitum were further divided into those co‐treated with vehicle (HFa), a selective COX2 inhibitor‐celecoxib (HFa‐Cel) or nimesulide (HFa‐Nim). Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed at the end of weeks 4, 8, 12. Another set of rats with similar grouping was divided into those with a 4‐, 8‐ or 12‐week intervention for tissue sampling.Results  Body and epididymal fat weights were increased similarly in HFa, HFa‐Cel and HFa‐Nim. Time‐dependent increases in plasma insulin, triglyceride, impaired OGTT shown in HFa were significantly reversed in HFa‐Cel and HFa‐Nim. The obese‐linked increases in gene expressions of COX‐2, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) in epididymal and subcutaneous fats (especially in the former) were significantly suppressed in HFa‐Cel and HFa‐Nim. The protein contents of MCP‐1 and TNF‐α in epididymal fats were changed consistently with their gene expressions. Plasma MCP‐1 was increased time‐dependently in HFa and suppressed in HFa‐Cel and HFa‐Nim. The increased CD68 positive cells showed in both epididymal and subcutaneous fats of HFa were significantly attenuated in HFa‐Cel and HFa‐Nim.Conclusions  Our findings suggest that COX2 activation is crucially involved in the development of inflammatory response in adipose tissues of high‐fat‐induced obese rats.
Estimating terrestrial contribution to stream invertebrates and periphyton using a gradient‐based mixing model for δ13C
Authors: Rasmussen Joseph B. 
Published: December 2009

Summary 1. This paper outlines a gradient‐based model that can be used for isotopic signature source partitioning, even if source signatures are not distinct, as long as their spatial gradients differ. A model of this type is applied to the partitioning of autochthonous vs. allochthonous contribution to stream invertebrate δ13C signatures, which has often been confounded by overlap in source signatures. 2. δ13C signatures of inorganic carbon and most autochthonous production exhibit pronounced gradients along rivers, being depleted relative to terrestrial signatures in upstream reaches, and enriched downstream. Terrestrial detritus, by contrast, exhibits no gradient. Thus terrestrial food consumption reduces downstream signature slopes in proportion to the amount of terrestrial food consumed. 3. The gradient‐based mixing model produces estimates of the proportion of terrestrial consumption (pT) from signature slopes of consumers; pT estimates for invertebrate primary consumers were: herbivore/grazers (0·15) <filterers (0·38), collector/gatherers (0·43) <shredders (0·85). 4. Periphyton (epilithon), a mixture of attached algae, bacteria and detritus, exhibited a weaker downstream slope than attached algae. pT values calculated for periphyton relative to pure algal signatures were 0·32 implying ∼30% allochthonous content. The slope for herbivore/grazers calculated relative to periphyton signatures was >1, indicating selective assimilation of the autochthonous component from the biofilms.
Predictability of repeated carnivore attacks on livestock favours reactive use of mitigation measures
Authors: Karlsson Jens , Johansson Örjan 
Published: December 2009

Summary 1. Predation on livestock is one of the main reasons for low tolerance against large carnivores in many parts of the world. Measures to reduce the conflicts have been developed, but resources for using them are often scarce. If wildlife managers as well as farmers learn more about when the risk of predation on livestock is higher, they will be able to make more effective use of resources for reducing predation. 2. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the risk of predation on livestock immediately after an attack is higher on the affected farm compared with other farms in the same area. Data on sheep predation by brown bear Ursus arctos, lynx Lynx lynx and wolf Canis lupus in Sweden 1998–2006 were used in the analysis. 3. On depredated farms there was approximately a 55 times higher risk for a repeat predation event within 12 months compared to any other farm in the same area. During the first 5 weeks, 63%, 60% and 50% of the repeat attacks had occurred. 4. We suggest that the main mechanism behind repeat attacks on livestock is that carnivores return to the kill site to feed on carrion. Where livestock are still present and unprotected at the kill site when the carnivore returns, the farms will suffer a higher likelihood of a further attack compared to livestock on other farms. This study uses data from Sweden but we argue that the pattern will be the same in any part of the world where the ranges of livestock and large carnivores overlap. 4.
Synthesis and applications. As the risk of an attack is higher directly after an initial attack, it will be more cost‐effective to implement measures designed to reduce livestock predation by large carnivores at that time, i.e. within the following 5 weeks. Temporary proactive measures are usually simpler and cheaper than permanent deterrents and we recommend their use wherever resources are limited.
No interaction between methyl jasmonate and ozone in Pima cotton: growth and allocation respond independently to both
Authors: GRANTZ D. A. , VU H.‐B. , AGUILAR C. , REA M. A. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTOzone (O3) is damaging to plants, inducing signalling pathways involving antagonism between jasmonates and ethylene. These pathways mediate O3 responses, particularly to acute exposure, and their manipulation protected several species against acute and chronic O3. We use chronic daily exposure of up to 163 ppb O3, and twice weekly application of up to 320 µg plant−1 methyl jasmonate (MeJA) to test two hypothesizes: 1) a low rate of MeJA does not affect growth but increases O3 sensitivity; 2) a high rate inhibits growth but reduces O3 sensitivity. Both hypotheses were rejected. Growth declined with increases in both MeJA and O3. MeJA at 40 µg plant−1 caused no direct effect, and at 160 µg plant−1 reduced growth similarly at all O3. Neither rate altered O3 sensitivity. These additive responses are not consistent with protection by MeJA in this system. They may reflect inter‐specific differences in signalling, since O3 concentrations used here exceeded some reported acute exposures. Alternatively, parallel responses to O3 and MeJA may suggest that O3‐induced jasmonates play a developmental role in chronic response but no protective role in the absence of lesions characteristic of acute exposure. MeJA appears useful as a probe of these mechanisms.