bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Scope of Trimethylaluminium‐Promoted 1,2‐Additions of ArZnX Reagents to Aldehydes
Authors: Glynn Daniel , Shannon Jonathan , Woodward Simon 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA practical asymmetric 1,2‐addition of functionalised arylzinc halides to aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes is described by the use of aminoalcohol catalysis in the presence of AlMe3. The process is simple to carry out, uses only commercially available reagents/ligands and provides moderate to good (80–96 %ee) enantioselectivities for a wide range of substrates. Either commercial ArZnX reagents or those prepared in situ from low cost aryl bromides can be used. In the latter case electrophilic functional groups are tolerated (CO2Et, CN). The reaction relies on rapid exchange between ArZnX and AlMe3to generate mixed organometallic species that lead to the formation of a key intermediate that is distinctly different from the classic “anti” transition states of Noyori. NMR monitoring and related experiments have been used to probe the validity of the proposed selective transition state.
A Flexible Pro‐porous Coordination Polymer: Non‐conventional Synthesis and Separation Properties Towards CO2/CH4 Mixtures
Authors: Barea Elisa , Tagliabue Giulia , Wang Wen‐Guo , Pérez‐Mendoza Manuel , Mendez‐Liñan Laura , López‐Garzon Francisco J. , Galli Simona , Masciocchi Norberto , Navarro Jorge A. R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe novel coordination polymers [Cu(Hoxonic)(H2O)]n (1) and [Cu(Hoxonic)(bpy)0.5]n⋅1.5 n H2O (2⊂H2O) (H3oxonic: 4,6‐dihydroxy‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2‐carboxylic acid; bpy: 4,4′‐bipyridine) have been isolated and structurally characterised by ab initio X‐ray powder diffraction. The dense phase 1 contains 1D zig‐zag chains in which Hoxonic dianions bridge square‐pyramidal copper(II) ions, apically coordinated by water molecules. On the contrary, 2⊂H2O, prepared by solution and solventless methods, is based on 2D layers of octahedral copper(II) ions bridged by Hoxonic ligands, further pillared by bpy spacers. The resulting pro‐porous 3D network possesses small hydrated cavities. The reactivity, thermal, magnetic and adsorptive properties of these materials have been investigated. Notably, the adsorption studies on 2 show that this material possesses unusual adsorption behaviour. Indeed, guest uptake is facilitated by increasing the thermal energy of both the guest and the framework. Thus, neither N2 at 77 K nor CO2 at 195 K are incorporated, and CH4 is only minimally adsorbed at 273 K and high pressures (0.5 mmol g−1 at 2500 kPa). By contrast, CO2 is readily incorporated at 273 K (up to 2.5 mmol g−1 at 2500 kPa). The selectivity of 2 towards CO2 over CH4 has been investigated by means of variable‐temperature zero coverage adsorption experiments and measurement of breakthrough curves of CO2/CH4 mixtures. The results show the highly selective incorporation of CO2 in 2, which can be rationalised on the basis of the framework flexibility and polar nature of its voids.
Cyclization of Propargylic Amides: Mild Access to Oxazole Derivatives
Authors: Weyrauch Jan P. , Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Schuster Andreas , Hengst Tobias , Schetter Stefanie , Littmann Anna , Rudolph Matthias , Hamzic Melissa , Visus Jorge , Rominger Frank , Frey Wolfgang , Bats Jan W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe substrate scope, the mechanistic aspects of the gold‐catalyzed oxazole synthesis, and substrates with different aliphatic, aromatic, and functional groups in the side chain were investigated. Even molecules with several propargyl amide groups could easily be converted, delivering di‐ and trioxazoles with interesting optical properties. Furthermore, the scope of the gold(I)‐catalyzed alkylidene synthesis was investigated. Further functionalizations of these isolable intermediates of the oxazole synthesis were developed and chelate ligands can be obtained. The use of Barluenga’s reagent offers a new and mild access to the synthetically valuable iodoalkylideneoxazoles from propargylic amides, this reagent being superior to other sources of halogens.
Ultrahighly Sensitive Homogeneous Detection of DNA and MicroRNA by Using Single‐Silver‐Nanoparticle Counting
Authors: Xu Fagong , Dong Chaoqing , Xie Chao , Ren Jicun 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDNA and RNA analysis is of high importance for clinical diagnoses, forensic analysis, and basic studies in the biological and biomedical fields. In this paper, we report the ultrahighly sensitive homogeneous detection of DNA and microRNA by using a novel single‐silver‐nanoparticle counting (SSNPC) technique. The principle of SSNPC is based on the photon‐burst counting of single silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in a highly focused laser beam (about 0.5 fL detection volume) due to Brownian motion and the strong resonance Rayleigh scattering of single Ag NPs. We first investigated the performance of the SSNPC system and then developed an ultrasensitive homogeneous detection method for DNA and microRNA based on this single‐nanoparticle technique. Sandwich nucleic acid hybridization models were utilized in the assays. In the hybridization process, when two Ag‐NP–oligonucleotide conjugates were mixed in a sample containing DNA (or microRNA) targets, the binding of the targets caused the Ag NPs to form dimers (or oligomers), which led to a reduction in the photon‐burst counts. The SSNPC method was used to measure the change in the photon‐burst counts. The relationship between the change of the photon‐burst counts and the target concentration showed a good linearity. This method was used for the assay of sequence‐specific DNA fragments and microRNAs. The detection limits were at about the 1 fM level, which is 2–5 orders of magnitude more sensitive than current homogeneous methods.
Removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater by adsorption on iron nanoparticles
Authors: Sharma Y. C. , Srivastava V. , Weng C. H. , Upadhyay S.N. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDue to rapid industrialisation, the presence of heavy metals in water and wastewater is a matter of environmental concern. Though some of the metals are essential for our system but if present beyond their threshold limit value (TLV), they are harmful and their treatment prior to disposal becomes inevitable. The present communication has been addressed to the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions by nanoparticles of iron. Nanoparticles of iron were prepared by sol–gel method. The characterisation of the nanoparticles was carried out by XRD and TEM analysis. Batch experiments were adopted for the adsorption of Cr(VI) from its solutions. The effect of different important parameters such as contact time and initial concentration, pH, adsorbent dose, and temperature on removal of chromium was studied. The removal of chromium increased from 88. 5% to 99.05% by decreasing its initial concentration from 15 to 5 mg L−1 at optimum conditions. Removal of Cr(VI) was found to be highly pH dependent and a maximum removal (100%) was obtained at pH 2.0. The process of removal was governed by first and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic equations and their rate constants were determined. The process of removal was also governed by intraparticle diffusion. Values of the thermodynamic parameters viz. ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS° at different temperatures were determined. The data generated in this study can be used to design treatment plants for chromium rich industrial effluents. Adsorption results indicate that nanoiron particles can be effective for the removal of chromium from aqueous solutions.
Steam extraction of essential oils: Investigation of process parameters
Authors: Kabuba John , Huberts Robert 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe steam extraction was used to investigate the process parameters important in the extraction of essential oils from the leaves of the Eucalyptus tree. The diffusion process and the application of Fick's law, as well as the temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficient were exhibited. This has enabled the setting up of a model that takes account of the initial amount of oil in the leaves and the effect of temperature. From the literature, it can be seen that the oil collected after an extended time represents all the oil that is present in the material initially. The research conducted indicates that the extraction temperature has a significant effect on the percentage of the initial oil that is eventually extracted, with the amount of oil extracted apparently decreasing for lower temperature. This effect could, however, be modelled accurately by simply considering the temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficient. This model can lead to the design of an optimum steam extraction plant.
Acute Coronary Syndrome in the Elderly
Authors: Shanmugasundaram Madhan , Alpert Joseph S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe spectrum of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) including unstable angina, non–ST‐elevation myocardial infarction and ST‐elevation myocardial infarction accounts for increasing numbers of deaths among persons age ≥ 65 years in the US. This is important given demographic changes involving falling birth rates and increasing life expectancy. Elderly patients are likely to benefit the most from treatment of ACS, even though community practice still demonstrates less use of cardial medications as an early‐invasive approach among this population. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Do Media Players Cause Interference with Pacemakers?
Authors: Thaker Jay P. , Patel Mehul B. , Shah Ashok J. , Liepa Valdis V. , Brunett Joseph D. , Jongnarangsin Krit , Gardiner Joseph C. , Thakur Ranjan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackgroundElectrical devices generate electromagnetic fields that may interfere with pacemakers. Media players cause telemetry interference with pacemakers, but it is not known whether they cause direct interference with pacemakers. The purpose of this study was to examine the interaction between pacemakers and 3 different media players.MethodsIn this prospective, randomized study, 54 patients with dual chamber pacemakers who were in sinus rhythm underwent baseline observation, followed by observation under telemetry communication. These patients were then randomly evaluated with 3 media players (iPod 3G, iPod Photo, and iPod Touch Apple, Cupertino, CA) with and without telemetry communication for 1 minute each. Patients were monitored for pacemaker malfunction using a single‐channel ECG during exposure to media players. The pacemaker was interrogated after each exposure and an interrogation report was printed for evaluation. Pacemaker interference was categorized as type I, II, or III. Types I and II interference described telemetry interference and type III interference was defined as any direct interference with pacemaker function or programmed parameters.ResultsA total of 54 patients (29 men and 25 women; mean age 77.2 ± 9.3 y) were evaluated. In total, of the 162 tests (for telemetry interference) 36.4% were positive (Type I and II). Type III interference was also evaluated in 162 tests and none showed any evidence of direct interference.ConclusionMedia players cause telemetry interference with pacemakers, but they do not directly interfere with pacemaker function. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of comorbidity and body mass index on the survival of African‐American and Caucasian patients with colon cancer
Authors: Hines Robert B. , Shanmugam Chandrakumar , Waterbor John W. , McGwin Gerald , Funkhouser Ellen , Coffey Christopher S. , Posey James , Manne Upender 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:There is a survival disparity between African Americans and Caucasians who have colon cancer. The objectives of the current study were to quantify the impact of comorbidity and body mass index (BMI) on survival and to assess whether these 2 variables account for the decreased survival among African Americans.METHODS:Data from patients (n = 496) who underwent surgery for a first primary colon cancer at the University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital from 1981 to 2002 were analyzed. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained using Cox proportional hazards models for the association of race, comorbidity, BMI, and covariates with all‐cause mortality. The confounding influence of comorbidity and BMI for the increased risk of death associated with African‐American race was evaluated, and effect modification by disease stage for the association of comorbidity and BMI with mortality also was assessed.RESULTS:African Americans experienced an increased risk of death compared with Caucasians (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.06‐1.68). The highest comorbidity burden was associated with an increased risk of all‐cause mortality (HR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.24‐2.15). For BMI, being underweight increased the risk of death (HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 0.96‐2.45); however, being overweight/obese was protective (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61‐0.97). The effect of comorbidity was observed among those with early stage tumors, whereas the effect of BMI was confined to patients who had advanced tumors.CONCLUSIONS:Although comorbidity and BMI had an impact on the survival of patients with colon cancer after surgery, these variables were not contributing factors to the decreased survival observed among African Americans. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Ionic Ingress and Charge‐Neutralization Phenomena of Conducting‐Polymer Films
Authors: Majumdar Saptarshi , Ray Paratha S. , Kargupta Kajari , Ganguly Saibal 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIonic ingress and diffusion through a conducting‐polymer (CP) film containing embedded charges under potential and concentration gradients is studied. Electroneutrality, a common assumption in modeling of similar systems, is not justified in this case or similar diffusion‐limited processes, as the timescale of ionic diffusion in the solid matrix is quite large. Counter ions therefore cannot move instantaneously for effective neutralization of excess charges. Poisson–Nernst–Planck (PNP) equations have to be solved for such cases without any simplifying assumption. Analytical solution shows the existence of a charge boundary layer, which limits and strongly influences the ionic flux. A general numerical method for solution is also developed for the dynamic modeling, analysis, and design of these types of systems. The numerical results are validated by comparison with analytical solutions as well as with some experimental results available in the literature. With this modeling framework, the basic features of controlled release of molecules across a CP film under an applied electrical potential can be explained quantitatively.
A Time‐Dependent Density Functional Theory Investigation on the Origin of Red Chemiluminescence
Authors: Min Chun‐Gang , Ren Ai‐Min , Guo Jing‐Fu , Li Zhong‐Wei , Zou Lu‐Yi , Goddard John D. , Feng Ji‐Kang 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIs the resonance‐based anionic keto form of oxyluciferin the chemical origin of multicolor bioluminescence? Can it modulate green into red luminescence? There is as yet no definitive answer from experiment or theory. The resonance‐based anionic keto forms of oxyluciferin have been proposed as a cause of multicolor bioluminescence in the firefly. We model the possible structures by adding sodium or ammonium cations and investigating the ground‐ and excited‐state geometries as well as the electronic absorption and emission spectra. A role for the resonance structures is obvious in the gas phase. The absorption and emission spectra of the two structures are quite different—one in the blue and another in the red. The differences in the spectra of the models are small in aqueous solution, with all the absorption and emission spectra in the yellow–green region. The resonance‐based anionic keto form of oxyluciferin may be one origin of the red‐shifted luminescence but is not the exclusive explanation for the variation from green (≈530 nm) to red (≈635 nm). We study the geometries, absorption, and emission spectra of the possible protonated compounds of keto(−1) in the excited states. A new emitter keto(−1)′‐H is considered.
Reconstruction of Aperture Functions during Full Fusion in Vesicular Exocytosis of Neurotransmitters
Authors: Amatore Christian , Oleinick Alexander I. , Svir Irina 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIndividual vesicular exocytosis of adrenaline by dense core vesicles in chromaffin cells is considered here as a paradigm of many situations encountered in biology, nanosciences and drug delivery in which a spherical container releases in the external environment through gradual uncovering of its surface. A procedure for extracting the aperture (opening) function of a biological vesicle fusing with a cell membrane from the released molecular flux of neurotransmitter as monitored by amperometry has been devised based on semi‐analytical expressions derived in a former work [C. Amatore, A. I. Oleinick, I. Svir, ChemPhysChem 2009, 10, DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900646]. This precise analysis shows that in the absence of direct information about the radius of the vesicle or about the concentration of the adrenaline cation stored by the vesicle matrix, current spikes do not contain enough information to determine the maximum aperture angle. Yet, a statistical analysis establishes that this maximum aperture angle is most probably less than a few tens of degrees, which suggests that full fusion is a very improbable event.
Data File Standard for Flow Cytometry, version FCS 3.1
Authors: Spidlen Josef , Moore Wayne , Parks David , Goldberg Michael , Bray Chris , Bierre Pierre , Gorombey Peter , Hyun Bill , Hubbard Mark , Lange Simon , Lefebvre Ray , Leif Robert , Novo David , Ostruszka Leo , Treister Adam , Wood James , Murphy Robert F. , Roederer Mario , Sudar Damir , Zigon Robert , Brinkman Ryan R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe flow cytometry data file standard provides the specifications needed to completely describe flow cytometry data sets within the confines of the file containing the experimental data. In 1984, the first Flow Cytometry Standard format for data files was adopted as FCS 1.0. This standard was modified in 1990 as FCS 2.0 and again in 1997 as FCS 3.0. We report here on the next generation flow cytometry standard data file format. FCS 3.1 is a minor revision based on suggested improvements from the community. The unchanged goal of the standard is to provide a uniform file format that allows files created by one type of acquisition hardware and software to be analyzed by any other type.The FCS 3.1 standard retains the basic FCS file structure and most features of previous versions of the standard. Changes included in FCS 3.1 address potential ambiguities in the previous versions and provide a more robust standard. The major changes include simplified support for international characters and improved support for storing compensation. The major additions are support for preferred display scale, a standardized way of capturing the sample volume, information about originality of the data file, and support for plate and well identification in high throughput, plate based experiments. Please see the normative version of the FCS 3.1 specification in Supporting Information for this manuscript (or at http://www.isac‐net.org/ in the Current standards section) for a complete list of changes. © 2009 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
“Signet‐ring” cells—A caveat in the diagnosis of a diffuse peritoneal mesothelioma occurring in a lady presenting with recurrent ascites: An unusual case report
Authors: Rekhi Bharat , Pathuthara Salim , Ajit Dulhan , Kane S. V. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA diffuse peritoneal mesothelioma is a rare tumor. Exfoliative cytology forms the first step in the diagnosis of mesothelioma, since most of these cases presented with effusion. Despite well established cytomorphological features, a challenge exists in differentiating mesothelial cells, including reactive and malignant types from carcinoma cells and macrophages. Presence of “signet‐ring” cells increases the diagnostic challenge as these can be forms of benign and malignant cells. Ancillary techniques like immunohistochemical (IHC) markers and ultrastructural analysis form useful adjunct in substantiating exact diagnosis. We report an unusual case study of a diffuse peritoneal mesothelioma in a 57‐years‐old lady, with no history of asbestos exposure, presenting with recurrent ascites, diagnosed on ascitic fluid cytology and on histology as an adenocarcinoma, based upon the presence of “signet‐ring” cells. On review, clinicopathological correlation with IHC was helpful in forming correct diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human papillomavirus prevalence and cytopathology correlation in young Ugandan women using a low‐cost liquid‐based pap preparation
Authors: Taube Janis M. , Kamira Betty , Motevalli Mahnaz , Nakabiito Clemensia , Lukande Robert , Kelly Deidra P. , Erozan Yener S. , Gravitt Patti E. , Buresh Megan E. , Mmiro Francis , Bagenda Danstan , Guay Laura A. , Jackson J. Brooks 
Published: November 2009

AbstractScreening for HPV‐driven cervical dysplasia and neoplasia is a significant public health concern in the developing world. The purpose of this study was to use a manual, low‐cost liquid‐based Pap preparation to determine HPV prevalence in HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative young women in Kampala, Uganda and to correlate cervical cytopathology with HPV‐DNA genotype. About 196 post‐partum women aged 18–30 years underwent rapid HIV testing and pelvic examination. Liquid‐based cervical cytology samples were processed using a low‐cost manual technique. A DNA collection device was used to collect specimens for HPV genotyping. HIV and HPV prevalence was 18 and 64%, respectively. Overall, 49% of women were infected with a high‐risk HPV genotype. The most common high‐risk HPV genotypes were 16 (8.2%), 33 (7.7%), 35 (6.6%), 45 (5.1%), and 58 (5.1%). The prevalence of HPV 18 was 3.6%. HIV‐positive women had an HPV prevalence of 86% compared to 59% in HIV‐negative women (P = 0.003). The prevalence of HPV 16/18 did not differ by HIV status. HIV‐positive women were infected with a significantly greater number of HPV genotypes compared to HIV‐negative women. By multivariate analysis, the main risk factor for HPV infection was coinfection with HIV. HIV‐positive women were four times more likely to have abnormal cytology than HIV‐negative women (43% vs. 11.6%, P < 0.001). These data highlight that HIV infection is a strong risk factor for HPV infection and resultant abnormal cervical cytology. Notably, the manual low‐cost liquid‐based Pap preparation is practical in this setting and offers an alternate method for local studies of HPV vaccine efficacy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010;38:555–563. 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.