bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced seismic activity after mega earthquakes
Authors: Zhang Yongwen , Elbaz Maor , Havlin Shlomo , Ashkenazy Yosef 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMainshocks are often followed by increased earthquake activity (aftershocks). According to the Omori-Utsu law, the rate of aftershocks decays as a power law over time. While aftershocks typically occur in the vicinity of the mainshock, previous studies have suggested that mainshocks can also trigger earthquakes in remote locations, beyond the range of aftershocks. Here we analyze the rate of earthquakes that occurred after mega-earthquakes (with a magnitude of 7.5 or higher) and show that there is a significantly higher occurrence of mega-earthquakes that are followed by reduced activity beyond a certain distance from the epicenter compared to the expected frequency; the results are based on statistical tests we developed. However, the remote earthquake rate after the strongest earthquakes (magnitude ≥8) can also be significantly higher than the expected rate. Comparing our findings to the global Epidemic-Type Aftershock Sequence model, we find that the model does not capture the above findings, hinting at a potential missing mechanism. We suggest that the reduced earthquake rate is due to the release of global energy/tension after substantial mainshock events. This conjecture holds the potential to enhance our comprehension of the intricacies governing post-seismic activity.
Heavy magnesium isotopic signatures in arc lavas may be attributed to dehydration of subducting hydrated mantle
Authors: Deng Xin , Chen Yi-Xiang , Wang Wenzhong , Li Yonghui , Xiao Zicong , Wu Zhongqing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFluids released from subducting slabs profoundly affect mantle composition, rock melting points, and arc magma generation. However, identifying fluid sources (sediments, crust, or mantle) and their ascent paths remains challenging. Magnesium isotopes are potential tracers for subduction-related fluids, though their behavior during hydrous peridotite dehydration remains unclear. Here we determined the equilibrium magnesium isotope fractionation factors between aqueous fluids and hydrous peridotitic minerals using first-principles calculations. Aqueous fluids prefer heavy magnesium isotopes relative to mantle silicate minerals, indicating that fluids released during hydrous peridotite dehydration are enriched in heavy magnesium isotopes relative to the residual minerals. Our simulations proposed that magnesium isotope variations in arc lavas from different subduction zones could be attributed to different dehydration reactions influenced by subduction zone thermal structures. This study highlights the potential of magnesium isotopes for tracing fluids originating from subducting hydrated mantle, providing insights into the thermal structure of various subduction zones.
Spectral line fluorescence in moving envelopes of stars
Authors: Bertout Claude 
Published: June 2024

Context. Fluorescence of the optical FeI lines is observed in active T Tauri stars, and is considered a defining characteristic of this class of young stellar objects.
Aims. The formation of optical fluorescent lines in moving media has not yet been studied in detail. This work represents a first step in investigating the fluorescence process in different types of macroscopic velocity fields: (a) accelerated outflows, (b) accelerated infalls, and (c) non-monotonic velocity fields (such as an accelerating outflow followed by a deceleration region or an accretion shock front). We aim to develop a general computer code for studying the fluorescent emission in any 2D macroscopic velocity field. As an illustration, we investigate FeI T Tauri-like fluorescent emission in these moving stellar envelopes.
Methods. We solved the radiative transfer equations for the lines involved in the fluorescent process, assuming spherical symmetry and a simplified atomic model. We used the framework of the generalized Sobolev theory to compute the interacting, nonlocal source functions. The emergent line fluxes were then integrated exactly.
Results. Because of Doppler shifts in the moving gaseous envelope, photons of the three lines involved in T Tauri star FeI fluorescence (CaII H, FeIλ3969, and Hϵ) interact with each other in a complex way, such that fluorescent amplification of the line flux occurs not only for FeIλ3969, but also for the other two lines, in all velocity fields that we investigated. With the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium populations, the line source functions of moderately optically thick lines are not strongly affected by line interactions, while they are depressed in the inner envelope for optically thick lines because of stellar photon absorption in the interaction regions. Fluorescent amplification takes place mainly in the observer’s reference frame during the flux integration. We define a measure of fluorescence based on the line equivalent widths and perform a parameter study for an accretion flow with a broad range of envelope temperatures and densities while including approximate collisional de-excitation rates in the source function computations. Significant fluorescence occurs over the entire temperature range of the investigated flow, but only in the higher density range, suggesting that relatively high mass accretion rates are needed to trigger the fluorescence process.
Conclusions. Further comparison with observations will require solving the rate equations for the atomic populations involved, along with the radiation field computed with the method presented here. The main product of this research is the open-source computer code SLIM2 (Spectral Line Interactions in Moving Media), written in Python/NumPy, which numerically solves the fluorescence problem for arbitrary 2D velocities.
Neue Impulse für die Bewegungs- und Gesundheitsförderung in der
stationären Pflege
Authors: Schmidt Sandra , Baldus Angelika 
Published: June 2024

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,das Modellvorhaben POLKA befindet sich in der Ergebnisphase. Diese
Zeitschriftenausgabe ist der Abschluss einer Heft-Trilogie: 2021 bildeten die
Projektpartner die Planungen des Modellvorhabens POLKA ab, 2023 folgten erste
Teilergebnisse und die Darstellung der Alleinstellungsmerkmale von POLKA. Im hier
vorliegenden Abschlussheft finden sich die wichtigsten Gesamtergebnisse des
Projektes.
POLKA und Digitalisierung: Lessons learned Erste Erfahrungen zur
Anwendung des Spiels „Apfelernte“
Authors: Huber Gerhard , Kaiser Thomas , Weiß Klaus 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Trend zu Digitalisierung in der Gesundheitsversorgung macht auch vor der
stationären Altenpflege nicht halt. Wir haben dieser Entwicklung Rechnung
getragen und im Rahmen des Modellvorhabens POLKA eine Anwendung entwickelt und
implementiert, die über eine spielerische Aufgabe („Apfelpflücken“) Art und
Umfang der Bewegungsaktivitäten von Bewohner*innen in stationären
Altenpflegeeinrichtungen steigern soll. Mit diesem Spiel sollte insbesondere der
„Sit to Stand“-Transfer adressiert werden.In einer „Real World Evaluation“ haben wir trotz Corona und notorischen
Personalmangels in den Einrichtungen Daten zur grundsätzlichen Machbarkeit
gewonnen. Diese werden in Kombination mit qualitativen Daten aus Interviews mit
den Heimleitungen vorgestellt und erlauben eine erste Einschätzung zur
Feasibility solcher digitalen Anwendungen.
Optimization and experimental evaluation of the Al1100 and SS202 cylindrical cups using conical die without blank holder
Authors: Kaimkuriya Amit , Balaguru S. 
Published: June 2024

Deep drawing is the most widely used process for forming cup shaped products in automobile, aerospace, and packing industries. In this research, the deep drawing process is used to draw the cylindrical cups of Al1100 and SS202 metal sheets using a new type of conical die and a flat-bottomed punch without a blank holder. The experiment included in this work used blank diameters of 50, 55, 60, and 70 mm, tested under both dry and lubricated conditions. The findings indicated that the lubrication significantly reduced defects such as deflection, spring-back, earing, and uneven depth. A blank diameter of 60 mm is optimal for defect-free cups. In addition, the research observed that lower friction coefficients corresponded to required load. The deep drawing procedure has distinctive effectible process parameters from which an optimum level of parameters and defect-free cups with required mechanical properties can been obtained. Thus, using the mixed response surface methodology for optimization, the research showed an excellent decrease in the maximum required load, mainly under lubricated conditions. In brief, the optimization model for SS202 under dry conditions became incredibly accurate, with less than 1% error compared to experimental results. On the other hand, for Al1100 under dry conditions, the model’s predictions deviated more, showing more than a 12% error, indicating a need for additional refinement or extra factors to enhance the accuracy of Al1100.
Inflation and reheating in quadratic metric-affine gravity with derivative couplings
Authors: Gialamas Ioannis D. , Katsoulas Theodoros , Tamvakis Kyriakos 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Within the framework of metric-affine theories of gravity, where both the metric and
connection are treated as independent variables, we consider actions quadratic in the Ricci scalar
curvature coupled non-minimally to a scalar field through derivative couplings. Our analysis
delves into the inflationary predictions, revealing their consistency with the latest
observational constraints across a wide range of parameters. This compatibility permits
adjustments such as an increase in the spectral index and a reduction in the tensor-to-scalar
ratio. While we do not propose a specific reheating mechanism, our analysis demonstrates that
within the quadratic model of inflation, the maximum reheating temperature can reach ∼
3 × 1015 GeV.
The 2024 BBN baryon abundance update
Authors: Schöneberg Nils 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We revisit the state of the light element abundances from big bang nucleosynthesis in
early 2024 with particular focus on the derived baryon abundance. We find that the largest
differences between the final baryon abundances are typically driven by the assumed Deuterium
burning rates, characterized in this work by the underlying code. The rates from theoretical
ab-initio calculations favor smaller baryon abundances, while experimentally-determined rates
prefer higher abundances. Through robust marginalization over a wide range of nuclear rates, the
recently released PRyMordial code allows for a conservative estimate of the baryon
abundance at Ω
bh
2 = 0.02218 ± 0.00055 (using PDG-recommended light element abundances)
in ΛCDM and Ω
bh
2 = 0.02196 ± 0.00063 when additional ultra-relativistic relics
are considered (ΛCDM + N
eff). These additional relics themselves are
constrained to ΔN
eff = -0.10 ± 0.21 by light element abundances alone.
Fission barriers with the Weizsäcker-Skyrme mass model*
Authors: Wang 王 Ning 宁 , Liu 刘 Min 敏 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Based on the Weizsäcker-Skyrme (WS4) mass model, the fission barriers of nuclei are systematically studied. Considering the shell corrections, macroscopic deformation energy, and a phenomenological residual correction, the fission barrier heights for nuclei with

can be well described, with an rms deviation of 0.481 MeV with respect to 71 empirical barrier heights. In addition to the shell correction at the ground state, the shell correction at the saddle point and its relative value are also important for both deformed and spherical nuclei. The fission barriers for nuclei far from the

-stability line and super-heavy nuclei are also predicted with the proposed approach.
Thermodynamic phase transition and winding number for the third-order Lovelock black hole*
Authors: Wang 王 Yu-Shan 玉珊 , Xu 许 Zhen-Ming 震明 , Wu 吴 Bin 滨 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Phase transition is important for understanding the nature and evolution of the black hole thermodynamic system. In this study, we predicted the phase transition of the third-order Lovelock black hole using the winding numbers in complex analysis, and qualitatively validated this prediction by the generalized free energy. For the 7<d<12-dimensional black holes in hyperbolic topology and the 7-dimensional black hole in spherical topology, the winding number obtained is three, which indicates that the system undergoes first-order and second-order phase transitions. For the 7<d<12-dimensional black holes in spherical topology, the winding number is four, and two scenarios of phase transitions exist, one involving a purely second-order phase transition and the other involving simultaneous first-order and second-order phase transitions. This result further deepens the research on black hole phase transitions using the complex analysis.
The Active Compensation Technique for Large Reflector Antennas Based on Quadratic Curve Fitting
Authors: Zheng Tian-Xiang , Xiang Bin-Bin , Cui Han-Wei , Wang Wei , Lian Pei-Yuan , Lin Shang-Ming , Zhang Yang , Zhou Jian-Ping , Li Kai 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Active reflectors are often used to compensate the surface distortion caused by environmental factors that degrade the electromagnetic performance of large high-frequency reflector antennas. This is crucial for maintaining high gain operation in antennas. A distortion compensation method for the active reflector of a large dual-reflector antenna is proposed. A relationship is established between the surface deformation and the optical path difference for the primary reflector by geometric optics. Subsequently, employing finite element analysis, a polynomial fitting approach is used to describe the impact of adjusting points on the reflector surface based on the coordinates of each node. By standardizing the positions of various panels on the reflector, the fitting ns can be applied to the reflector panels of similar shapes. Then, based on the distribution characteristics of the primary reflector panels, the adjustment equation for the actuators is derived by the influence matrix method. It can be used to determine the adjustment amount of actuators to reduce the rms of the optical path difference. And, the least squares method is employed to resolve the matrix equation. The example of a 110 m aperture dual-reflector antenna is carried out by finite element analysis and the proposed method. The results show that the optical path difference is reduced significantly at various elevation cases, which indicates that the proposed method is effective.
Advances in biodistribution of gold nanoparticles: the influence of size, surface charge, and route of administration
Authors: Sodipo Bashiru K , Kasim Mohammed Zainab 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
To improve the translational and clinical applications of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in medicine there is a need for better understanding of physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles in relation to the systemic parameters and in-vivo performance. This review presents the influence of physicochemical properties (surface charges and size) and route of administration on the biodistribution of GNPs. The role of protein corona (PC) (a unique biological identifier) as a barrier to biodistribution of GNPs, and the advances in engineered GNPs towards improving biodistribution are presented. Proteins can easily adsorb on charged (anionic and cationic) functionalized GNPs in circulation and shape the dynamics of their biodistribution. Non-ionic coatings such as PEG experience accelerated blood clearance (ABC) due to immunogenic response. While zwitterionic coatings provide stealth effects to formation of PC on the GNPs. GNPs with sizes less than 50 nm were found to circulate to several organs while the route of administration of the GNPs determines the serum protein that adsorbs on the nanoparticles.
Improving the seasonal forecast by utilizing the observed relationship between the Arctic Oscillation and Northern Hemisphere surface air temperature
Authors: Sim Ji-Han , Kwon MinHo , Jang Yeon-Soo , Kim Ha-Rim , Kim Ju Heon , Yang Gun-Hwan , Jeong Jee-Hoon , Kim Baek-Min 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Although the seasonal prediction skill of climate models has improved significantly in recent decades, the prediction skill of the Arctic Oscillation (AO), the dominant climate mode over the Northern Hemisphere, remains poor. Additionally, the local representation of AO impacts has diverged from observations, which limits seasonal prediction skill of climate models. In this study, we attempted to improve prediction skill of surface air temperature (SAT) with two post-processing on dynamical model’s seasonal forecast: (1) correction of the AO impact on SAT pattern, and (2) correction of AO index (AOI). The first correction involved replacing the inaccurately simulated impact of AO on SAT with that observed. For the second correction, we employed a empirical prediction model of AOI based on multiple linear regression model based on three precursors: summer sea surface temperature, autumn sea-ice concentration, and autumn snow cover extent. The application of the first correction led to a decrease in prediction skills. However, a significant improvement in SAT prediction skills is achieved when both corrections are applied. The average correlation coefficients for the North America and Eurasian regions increased from 0.23 and 0.06 to 0.28 and 0.30, respectively.
Microplastics analysis in the gills and gastrointestinal tract of fishermen’s catch at Belawan River North Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Nasution N , Tanjung M , Jumilawaty E 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Microplastics produce from macro sized plastics which are degraded into particles size 0.1 – 5 mm. Fish ingest microplastics because their mistake for food, with microplastics sizes as the size of category plankton species which are the food supply for fish microplastics ingest to the digestive organ and the gills. The research was catching a total of 93 specimens of the fish Oreochromis mossambicus, Channa striata, Plotosus canius, Scatophagus argus and Lutjanus indicus in February 2023 at Belawan River. Microplastics isolation analysed in animals’ laboratory, faculty of mathematics and natural sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara Indonesia. According to the results, there was three shapes of microplastics, fiber, fragments, and films. A total of 134 microplastics particles were 5 species of sample, O. mossambicus were 9.7 abundance of microplastics, C. striata were 3.6 abundance of microplastics, P. canius were 12 abundance of microplastics, S. argus were 6.0 abundance of microplastics and L. indicus were 4.3 abundance of microplastics . The colour of microplastics was found in 46 black, 32 green, 24 blue, 23 orange, 7 brown and 2 red.
The effect of chemically modified wood particles on the termite durability of sandwich particleboard from Cotylelobium melanoxylon and Gigantochloa pruriens
Authors: Iswanto A H , Tarmadi D , Subekti N , Yanti H , Cahyono T D , Syahidah  , Darwis A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The tropical region of Indonesia is a preferred habitat for termites. High humidity is very supportive of the growth of these organisms. The impact resulting from these conditions is the vulnerability to the durability of products made from lignocellulosic because this material is the main feed source for termites. Chemical modification treatment is needed in the manufacturing process to increase product durability. This study aims to analyze the resistance of sandwich particleboard to attack by subterranean termites due to chemical modification of the particles. The sample used in this study was chemically modified particleboard made of raru wood (Cotylelobium melanoxylon) particles and belangke bamboo (Gigantochloa pruriens) strand. Then the samples were fed to subterranean termites (Coptotermes curvignathus) regarding SNI 01.7202-2006. Parameters observed included the percentage of termite weight loss and mortality. The results showed that sandwich particleboard, which was dominated by 80% bamboo and 20% raru wood with acid and alkaline treatment, was not resistant to subterranean termite attack. The weight loss value produced in this study ranged from 11.97 - 15.83%, included in the durable class IV classification. The higher concentration of acetic acid in particle immersion resulted in a decrease in the value of the board’s weight loss, and the opposite condition was experienced by panels with particle immersion treatment using sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
CO2 absorption using aqueous potassium carbonate (K2CO3) promoted by piperazine (PZ) in packed column reactor
Authors: Rambe H S , Irvan I , Trisakti B , bin Nur T , Cahyono M S , Aridito M N 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the main contributor in gases that can reduce the heating value and the greenhouse effect on the atmosphere. Several CO2 absorption technologies can be used to reduce CO2 content. Chemical absorption have selectivity and a high absorption rate. This research will study the effect of the addition piperazine (PZ) into 30wt % potassium carbonate (K2CO3) at 30 °C, 40 °C and 50 °C, PZ (1, 3 and 5) % and absorbent flow rate (1, 1.5 and 2) L min−1. The research was conducted in packed column made of stainless steel with height 150 cm and a diameter 9.6 cm filled with packing-type raschig rings made of ceramic arranged randomly to expand the contact between gas and absorbent during CO2 absorption. The process is carried in counter-current, gas streamed at constant flow rate 50 L min−1 from the bottom and absorbent with composition K2CO3, PZ and distilled water streamed from top of column. CO2 loading and CO2 removal in the sample were determined by acid-base titration. The results showed 5% PZ CO2 loading 0.0664 mole CO2/mole K2CO3 and CO2 removal 92.7575% at operating conditions 50 °C and absorbent flow rate 2 L min−1. The addition 5% PZ can increase CO2 removal 16.9525%.
Fatty alcohols as sustainable compatibilizer agents for the compound of natural rubber/silica: The curing, rubberiness and tensile strength behaviours
Authors: Surya I , Siregar B , Khatami M , Sudibyo  , Abdul Khalil H. P. S. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Fatty alcohols are derived from palm oil production and, stearyl and lauryl alcohols are examples of them. The stearyl and lauryl alcohols have the potential to be used as rubber additives for the compounding and vulcanizing processes. These materials are relatively new as rubber additives and, they were added into silica-filled natural rubber (NR) compound. The aim of using them is to increase the grade of silica dispersion inside the NR matrix. Initially, the NR was filled by (precipitate) silica at 30 parts per hundred of NR, whilst the fatty alcohols were added into the silica-filled NR with variable concentrations from 1 to 4 phr, separately. The compounds of NR/silica/stearyl alcohol and NR/silica/lauryl alcohol have been vulcanised at 150 °C by implementing a semi-efficient rubber composition. From the vulcanization behaviour, it was observed that both fatty alcohols have the role of compatibilizer and plasticising agents for the compound of NR/silica. Those fatty alcohols decreased the viscousness but increased the curing rate index (CRI). The more concentration of fatty alcohols was supplied, the less viscousness and the higher the CRI. Those fatty alcohols also shifted the crosslinking level and tensile strength. It also observed that the break elongation or rubberiness has been shifted up. Tensile strength has been shifted to a maximal value with a 2 phr of stearyl alcohol or 3 phr of lauryl alcohol addition.