bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Haematopoiesis in Busulphan‐Treated Mice: A Comparison between Two Different Stem Cell Assays
Authors: Josvasen Nicolai , Bøyum Arne 
Published: August 2010

The effect of busulphan on haematopoiesis was investigated in mice. Bone marrow and blood cells were sampled 2 h to 55 d after a single treatment with busulphan. The effect on progenitor cells was examined with the diffusion chamber (DC) technique and the spleen colony assay.Busulphan had a severe depressive effect on progenitor cells in bone marrow, and their number was reduced to 0.01–0.1 % of the control value on day 5–6. During the first 2 d the CFUs were reduced more than granulocyte progenitors as determined in the DC system. Histological examination of spleen colonies showed that in the same interval erythroid colony number was more depressed than granuloid colony number. This situation reversed after 4–6 d.Our interpretation is that busulphan affects all types of progenitor cells irrespective of their proliferative state. However, multipotent CFUs in Go‐phase are more depressed than granulocyte progenitor cells (DC), which have a higher proliferative rate. The selective effect on erythroid colonies during the initial period might indicate that busulphan impairs the ability of multipotent CFUs to erythroid differentiation. This damage was repaired within a few days.An abortive regeneration of bone marrow cells was observed on day 7–10. This can best be explained by an inflow from a cell pool intermediate between stem cells and early precursor cells, with some degree of ‘stem‐cellness' (self‐sustaining capacity).
Comparative Studies on the in vitro Uptake of 3H‐Cytidine and 3H‐Uridine by Normal and Leukaemic Lymphocytes
Authors: Bremer K. , Schreml W. , Harriss E. B. 
Published: August 2010

In vitro labelling of lymphocytes by RNA precursors is a useful tool to study the characteristics of normal and leukaemic cell populations. Basic conditions have been studied for in vitro labelling and indicated a desired level of cell concentration (2 × 104 to 2 × 105) and temperature (37° C).Normal leukocytes showed a fairly constant behaviour with respect to total uptake of radioactivity, incorporation into intracellular fractions and the ratio of 3H‐cytidine to 3H‐uridine incorporation (average ratio 10 ± 1). In contrast, the blood lymphocytes of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) exhibited a great variation in the parameters studied, ranging from below normal to several times normal values. This broad spectrum of in vitro characteristics has to be taken into consideration when populations of CLL lymphocytes are compared to normal lymphocytes and to those of other lymphatic disorders.
Electrophoresis of Blood Platelets and Erythrocytes: A Study in Healthy Persons and Patients with Haematological Diseases, Prosthetic Heart Valves, Virus Infections and Hyperlipaemia
Authors: Grøttum Kjell A. 
Published: August 2010

The mean electrophoretic mobility of normal human blood platelets in 301 samples from 260 healthy individuals was 1.08 μm/s/V/cm in citrated plasma and 0.84 and 1.05 μm/s/V/cm in 0.145 M saline (pH 7.3) and in sucrose/phosphate/saline buffer (pH 6.4), respectively. Normal red cell mobility in citrated plasma in 229 samples from 195 persons was 1.41 μm/s/V/cm, in 0.145 M saline and 0.0667 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.3) 1.09 and 1.28 μm/s/V/cm, respectively.The results of blood platelet and red cell electrophoresis in 90 patients with various diseases are reported. Severe abnormalities in platelet mobility were not found in any of the patients. In patients with von Willebrand's disease a slight increase in platelet mobility was observed. In 4 patients with haemolytic‐uraemic syndrome and 2 patients with microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia a reduced red cell mobility in citrated plasma and buffers was found.In a case of red cell polyagglutinability, two populations of erythrocytes were observed electrophoretically. About half of the red cells had a mobility of about 43 % of normal in citrated plasma.
Red‐Cell Carbonic Anhydrase Isoenzymes in Megaloblastic Anaemia
Authors: Dunbar Ann P. , Tudhope G. R. 
Published: August 2010

Erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes B and C have been measured by means of electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membrane strips followed by staining, elution and spectrophotometry. The results from 30 normal subjects showed for carbonic anhydrase B a mean and standard deviation of 12.1 ± 1.4 mg/g Hb, and for carbonic anhydrase C, 3.9 ± 0.9 mg/g Hb.Both isoenzymes were markedly increased in all 10 cases of untreated megaloblastic anaemia, the mean ± SD for carbonic anhydrase B being 24.8 ± 7.6 mglg Hb and for the isoenzyme C, 7.7±k 1.2 mg/g Hb. These results are both highly significantly greater than the normal means (P < 0.001). The elevated levels of both isoenzymes returned to the normal range within 2–4 weeks of starting vitamin B12 therapy in 3 patients with pernicious anaemia in whom serial enzyme measurements were made. In a group of 13 patients with pernicious anaemia, who had been adequately treated with vitamin BIZ for 1–15 years, the mean levels of isoenzymes B and C were 10.3 ± 0.6 and 2.9 ± 0.7 mg/g Hb respectively; both these mean results are significantly less than the corresponding normal means (P < 0.001).
Acute Leukaemia Associated with an Abnormal Genotype
Authors: Garson O. Margaret , Milligan Wendy J. 
Published: August 2010

A young female presenting with lymphoblastic leukaemia was found to have an abnormal genotype due to a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes B and D. The father and twin sisters of the propositus were also found to possess the trans‐location. Neither the propositus nor the other members of the family possessing the abnormal karyotype showed any phenotypic abnormality.Giemsa banding identified the chromosomes involved in the translocation as B4 and D14.Additional chromosome abnormalities were present in the leukaemic cells and these disappeared with therapy and reappeared in relapse.It is suggested that genotypic reciprocal translocation may be yet another cytogenetic abnormality associated with a special tendency to the development of acute leukaemia.
Haemoglobin M Saskatoon and Haemoglobin M Hyde Park in Two Yugoslavian Families
Authors: Efremov G. D. , Huisman T. H. J. , Stanulovic M. , Zurovec M. , Duma H. , B.Wilson J. , Jeremic V. 
Published: August 2010

A methaemoglobin variant, found in a Yugoslavian family and termed previously Hb‐M‐Novi Sad, has been identified as Hb‐M‐Saskatoon (α2β2G3(E7)Tyr). 4 members of a second Yugoslavian family also had Hb‐M disease but chemical analyses of this variant showed it was the same as Hb‐M‐Hyde Park (α2β292(F8)Trr). Subjects with either type of Hb‐M show signs of a mild haernolytic anaemia, and inclusion bodies were found in subjects with Hb‐M‐Saskatoon.Hb‐M‐Saskatoon cannot be separated from Hb‐A by electrophoresis at alkaline pH whereas Hb‐M‐Hyde Park has a mobility slightly different from that of Hb‐Az. Both variants can be isolated by anion exchange chromatography, and dissociate readily into dimers at pH 10.1.The haeme‐globin ratio of both Hb‐M variants is decreased. Isolated Hb‐M‐Saskatoon and Hb‐M‐Hyde Park contained about 30 to 40 % less haeme.
The Effect of Heparin on Plasma and Platelet Lipids During Alimentary Hyperlipaemia in Man
Authors: Nordøy Arne , Strøm Ellen , Berntsen Harald 
Published: August 2010

Alimentary hyperlipaemia was induced in 19 healthy male subjects by ingestion of a standardized fatty meal composed mainly of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids. During alimentary hyperlipaemia, heparin was given intravenously. A marked increase of plasma FFA with a concomitant decrease of plasma triglycerides was observed after heparin. The fatty acids of the high plasma FFA fraction reflected the dietary fatty acids. The plasma lysolecithin/lecithin ratio showed a significant increase when heparin was given after the unsaturated fatty meal.The platelet number was unchanged after heparin. The platelet FFA fraction showed a moderate but significant increase after the saturated fatty meal, whereas no such increase was seen after the unsaturated fatty meal. However, contrary to the condition in the fasting state, no correlation could be established between the plasma and platelet FFA after heparin. It is suggested that heparin or changes induced by heparin, such as a change in the lysolecithidlecithin ratio, may be responsible for the lack of influence of high plasma FFA on platelet number and platelet lipids.
Hypertonic Saline Induced Abortion as Pathophysiologic Model of Low Grade Intravascular Coagulation
Authors: Royen Eric A. van , Treffers Peter E. , Ute Jan W. ten 
Published: August 2010

The reported occurrence of low grade DIC after hypertonic saline induced abortion (HSIA) was confirmed by a positive ethanol gelation test, a fall in factor VIII activity, fibrinogen level and platelet count and an increase in fibrinopeptide A and FDP. HSIA proved to be an excellent model for the investigation of low grade DIC on ground of the standardized clinical conditions. Several methods for the measurement of thrombin activated factors V and VIII did not provide more information than the ethanol gelation test, the estimation of factor VIII activity and the radioimmunoassay of fibrinopeptide A.Contact activation of the maternal blood by an inflammatory reaction of the syncytiotrophoblast is proposed as being implicated in the observed changes of blood coagulation. A single dose of heparin prevented the formation of fibrin monomers, fibrinopeptide A and FDP.
Amoeboid Movement Configuration A Cell Configuration Observed in Tumour Cells from 3 Cases of Bone Marrow Neoplasia
Authors: Norberg B. , Rydgren L. , Stenstam M. 
Published: August 2010

In smears from peripheral blood or from bone marrow of healthy probands, the nucleated cells usually lack the cell contour of locomotion, amoboid movement configuration (AMC).The present study is concerned with two patients with acute myeloblastic leukaemia and one with generalized lymphmarcoma, in whom 40–50 % of the tumour cells seen in bone marrow smears displayed the AMC. The high incidence of tumour cells with AMC produced a characteristic picture in the bone marrow smears. The phenomenon of AMC in the mentioned tumour cells was subjected to morphological, microcinematographic and ultrastructural analysis. Most tumour cells with AMC were found to have an active lymphocyte‐like locomotion. Some tumour cells with AMC, however, displayed spasmodic cytoplasmic contractions for 10–15 min without displacement of the cell body. This picture of locomotory rest in locomotory configuration has not been observed in cells from healthy probands under comparable experimental conditions.It is suggested that the phenomenon of amoeboid movement configuration might be produced by a direct disorder in the locomotion mechanism of the present tumour cells, or alternatively, in the regulative mechanisms of locomotion.
Vitamin B12‐Binding Proteins of R‐Type, Cobalophilin
Authors: Stenman Ulf‐Håkan 
Published: August 2010

A gradient was developed for isoelectric focusing in the pH range 2–5. Cobalophilin (earlier called R proteins or vitamin B12‐binding proteins of R‐type) was isolated from saliva and amniotic fluid in homogeneous form. It was found to be a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 59,300–69,100. The preparation from amniotic fluid contained 33% carbohydrate.Cobalophilin variants in plasma, serum, granulocytes, platelets, amniotic fluid, milk, saliva and gastric juice were characterized by isoelectric focusing. Most fluids and cells contained the same isoproteins, with pI values between 2.3 and 5.0. Isoproteins of presumably myelogenic origin (e.g. those in granulocytes and plasma) had pI values below 4.2, whereas those of glandular origin (in milk and saliva) had a pI range of 4.0–5.0.Serum contained more cobalophilin than plasma, owing to release of this protein from granulocytes during clotting. This phenomenon also changed the isoprotein pattern. Plasma and serum from newborn infants and from patients with leucocytosis, polycythaemia vera and chronic myelogenous leukaemia contained the same isoproteins as were found in plasma from healthy subjects. In addition to these, isoproteins with lower than ‘normal’ pI values were often found in chronic myelogenous leukaemia and occasionally in leucocytosis.It is concluded that cobalophilin from different fluids and cells is a single microheterogeneous protein with a variable carbohydrate composition. The distribution of cobalophilin in different body fluids and cells supports the suggestion that cobalophilin is an antimicrobial protein (Gullberg 1972) like lactoferrin and lysozyme.
Evaluation of Prophylactic Replacement Therapy in Haemophilia B
Authors: Morfini M. , Mannucci P. M. , Mariani G. , Pandelli F. , Petrucci F. , Baicchi U. , Capitanio Anna , Ferrini P. L. Rossi , Mandelli F. 
Published: August 2010

Prophylaxis replacement therapy has been assessed for a period of 12 months in 10 patients with severe haemophilia B showing a high incidence of spontaneous bleeding episodes. Two different schedules of administration of a freeze‐dried factor IX concentrate were randomly evaluated: according to scheme A, 7.5 U/kg were administrated biweekly, whereas scheme B was based on the weekly infusion of 15 U/kg. On prophylaxis the frequency of bleeding episodes was significantly reduced (P < 0.005) when compared with that observed in the one‐year period preceding the trial.Biweekly infusions were superior to weekly infusion (P < 0.01), and the benefit appeared to be related to the higher number of days in which measurable levels of factor IX were attained in plasma.Range of motion, which was reduced at the start of the trial in 26 joints, was found to have improved in 23. Favourable changes of the joint radiological picture were observed in 6 cases. Hepatitis and factor IX inhibitors did not develop during the trial period. Side effects were rare and mild.
Rarity of Anaemia of Pregnancy in Ethiopia
Authors: Gebre‐Medhin M. , Killander A. , Vahlquist B. , Wuhib E. 
Published: August 2010

Hb and PCV values were studied in three groups of Addis Ababa women during their last month of pregnancy and compared with those in a control group of non‐pregnant Addis Ababa women. Irrespective of socio‐economic group and parity, the Hb and PCV values were almost identical in all four groups.In one of the three test groups, a group of ‘non‐privileged’ multiparae, S‐iron, S‐transferrin (TIBC), S‐folate and S‐vitamin B12 were also examined and showed normal values.These findings indicate a rarity not only of true anaemia but also of ‘physiological anaemia of pregnancy’. This latter may not, therefore, be an adaptive phenomenon of regular occurrence as has usually been assumed hitherto. The explanation for the aberrant haematological behaviour in pregnant women living in highland Ethiopia is probably the lifelong exposure to a very high iron intake combined with hypoxia due to the high altitude.
Acquired Thrombophilia: A Hitherto Unrecognized Procoagulant‐Antithrombin Imbalance
Authors: Innerfield Irving 
Published: August 2010

Inherited, acquired and iatrogenic ‘diseases of low antithrombin activity’ share a common denominator: each is associated with an increased tendency toward, or incidence of, thrombosis. This suggested the possibility that these diseases constituted a distinct pathogenetic entity.Molecular models and clinical studies suggested 3 interrelated phenomena: increased serum procoagulants; decreased antithrombin; a tendency to thrombosis. The term ‘Acquired Thrombophilia’ is proposed to designate pre‐thrombotic and thrombotic individuals presenting this non‐inherited combination of laboratory and clinical findings.The antithrombin clotting time is shown to be inversely related to the level of circulating serine procoagulants, directly related to the level of antithrombin, and results from a procoagulant‐antithrombin inter‐molecular reaction. Patients with Acquired Thrombophilia have ‘turned‐on’ or excessive procoagulants resulting in ‘turned‐off’ or tightly bound antithrombin molecules.
μ‐Chain Disease in a Case of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia and Malignant Histiocytoma
Authors: Jønsson Viggo , Videbæk Aage , Axelsen Nils H. , Harboe Morten 
Published: August 2010

A 27‐year‐old woman with proteinuria and normal serum creatinine for 10 years developed chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and after further 2 years during treatment with prednisone and chlorambucil a malignant histiocytoma appeared. Free μ‐chains were demonstrated in serum, but it is possible that μ‐chain disease (μ‐CD) and Bence‐Jones proteinuria had persisted unrecognized for 12 years, since vacuolated plasma cells were found when the primary bone marrow smear was re‐evaluated and no glomerular disorders were found. The clinical findings from the now 11 known cases of μ‐CD are reveiwed and the immunochemical findings are reported in part II (Axelsen et al 1976).The patient's mother died of acute leukaemia at the age of 24. The mother's sister has mammary carcinoma and several members of the mother's line apparently have increased tendency to infections. Of 27 family members, none exhibited immunoglobulin defects, but 10 members of the mother's line had B‐ as well as T‐lymphocytosis and 5 members had leukocytosis.
Chronic Haemolytic Anaemia in Two Patients Heterozygous for Erythrocyte Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency
Authors: KAHN AXEL , MARIE JOELLE , GALAND COLETTE , BOIVIN PIERRE 
Published: August 2010

Two patients with mild chronic haemolytic anaemia, a mother and her son, were found to be heterozygous for erythrocyte pyruvate kinase deficiency.In the red blood cells the enzymatic activity was reduced by about 50 % and the residual PK had normal kinetic properties, stability and electrofocusing pattern. The PK antigen concentration was also decreased by half, so that the ratio of the enzymatic activity to the immunological reactivity (i.e. the molecular specific activity) was normal.In the son's liver PK enzymatic activity was slightly reduced and, above all, an abnormal active form, more anodic than normal PK, was detected by electrofocusing. The propositus's liver PK was also slightly thermo‐unstable.It is suggested that the patients were heterozygous for an unstable PK variant which is found in liver, nucleated tissue actively synthesizing proteins, but which disappeared from the erythrocytes because of its unstability.
Unclassified Haemolytic Anaemia with Splenomegaly and Erythrocyte Cation Abnormalities – A Disease of the Spleen?
Authors: BERNARD JEAN FRANÇOIS , BOURNIER ODILE , RENOUX MICHEL , CHARRON DOMINIQUE , BOIVIN PIERRE 
Published: August 2010

An unclassified case of haemolytic anaemia with voluminous splenomegaly is reported. This anaemia was normocytic without any specific morphologic aspect of red blood cells (RBC); Coombs test was negative; the osmotic fragility was normal; the increased autohaemolysis was not affected by the presence of glucose; Hb studies were normal; no RBC enzyme deficiency was found; RBC lipids and membrane proteins were normal; there was a marked reduction in RBC survival with exclusive splenic uptake of erythrocytes.Before splenectomy, RBC cations and water content were abnormal: 1) the RBC water was decreased moderately; 2) the RBC sodium was about twice the normal mean with an increased 22Na turn‐over; 3) the RBC potassium was markedly reduced and 42K influx was twice the normal mean; 4) the RBC calcium content was increased.Splenectomy was followed by rapid disappearance of haemolysis and RBC water and cation disturbances. Because of this extremely rapid disappearance after splenectomy the authors suggest this case of haemolytic anaemia could be a primary disease of the spleen.
Heparin Elimination in Uraemic Patients on Haemo‐Dialysis
Authors: Teien Arne N. , Bjørnson Jan 
Published: August 2010

Heparin (100 U/kg bodyweight) was administered as single i.v. injections, and heparin concentration in plasma determined by polybrene titration. Mean concentration half‐life was 74.7 min in the normal group (n = 6), 118.6 min in the nephrectomized patients (n = 5), and 97.8 min in the other uraemic patients (n = 6). The differences between the mean values for the normals and for the 2 patient groups were statistically significant (p < 0.001 and p ˜ 0.2 respectively).Mean anticoagulant half‐life (based on thrombin clotting time) was 64.3, 75.8 and 62.7 min in the 3 groups. The differences between heparin concentration half‐life and anticoagulant half‐life in the 3 groups were statistically significant. These differences may be partly explained by a significant fall in heparin cofactor activity after injection of heparin.There was a strong positive individual correlation between heparin concentration half‐life and anticoagulant half‐life in the patients (r = 0.94), but not in the normal group (r = 0.31). There was a strong negative individual correlation between heparin tolerance and heparin concentration half‐life in the patients (r = ‐0.84), but no correlation in the normal group. It is concluded that severely impaired renal function has a significant, but moderate influence on heparin elimination.
Distribution of 59Fe‐labelled Iron‐poly (sorbitol‐gluconic acid) complex in Normal and Anaemic Rats
Authors: LAKE‐BAKAAR DESMOND M. , LINDVALL SVEN 
Published: August 2010

An iron carbohydrate complex, iron‐poly (sorbitol‐gluconic acid), Ferastral®, was labelled with 59Fe, and its distribution in rats was studied. The animals were intramuscularly treated with a dose of 10 mg of iron/kg. Three groups of animals were used: group A: non‐anaemic and group B: anaemic rats, both kept on iron‐deficient diet, and group C: non‐anaemic rats kept on iron‐supplemented diet. Urinary and faecal excretion, distribution in the body and incorporation in blood of the 59Fe was followed up to 28 days. The total excretion after that time was 15%. There was a rapid initial phase followed by a slower continuous one. After 28 days group A had 25, group B 13 and group C 40% of the given dose remaining at the site of injection. The corresponding values in liver after 28 days were 7, 4 and 17% of the given dose, respectively.In blood a continuous increase was observed. At 28 days after administration 26, 43 and 17% of the given dose had been incorporated in the red blood corpuscles of the respective groups. These results show that the iron complex is absorbed from the site of injection and is utilized for haemoglobin synthesis. They also show that the disposition of the complex is influenced by the iron content of the diet.
Kinetic Studies on an Intramuscular Iron‐poly (sorbitol‐gluconic acid) complex
Authors: SUNDIN TAGE 
Published: August 2010

Levels of iron and unsaturated iron binding capacity in serum and the renal excretion of iron were studied in 15 anaemic patients receiving Ferastral®. Various dose schedules were used, 100 mg Fe daily for 10 days, 200 mg Fe daily for 5 days, and 500 mg Fe twice at various intervals from 2 to 7 days.A continuous increase of iron in serum was seen after the doses 100 mg and 200 mg daily as well as after 500 mg given at intervals of 2 and 3 days. Longer 500 mg dose intervals resulted in a fluctuation in the iron concentration. Peak levels varied between 740 and 5 260 μg/100 ml (132 and 942 μmol/l). A transient decrease in the UIBC was seen. Urinary excretion of iron varied between 8.9 and 26.9 per cent of the dose given. No local or general side effects occurred.