bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial Characteristics of Homicides in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Novakovic M.P. , Despotovic V. , Naskovic Z. , Novakovic R. , Stevanovic O. 
Published: May 2011

AimThe aim of this study was to identify differences between the individuals who committed homicide in BiH during the period from 01. January 1999. to 31. December 2009. in the evidently “violent” and “non-violent” way.MethodsTwo groups were investigated: 125 “violent” cases who committed homicide of an intimate partner (or filicide) and 125 “non-violent homicides” who killed people who were not members of the immediate family. Social-demographic and psychosocial characteristics of the two groups were investigated and compared. Instruments used in the study included: General Data List (GDL), test of personality characteristics (EPQ - Eizenck HJ), anxiety test (BAI - Beck AT), and emotion index profile (P.I.E - Plutchik R.).ResultsMultivariant regressive analysis differentiates violent from non-violent murderers by predictors: education of father (R = 0.950, x2 = 35.10, df = 2, P < 0.001, OR = 0.125 (95%), Cl = 0.127–0.558), living in the place of the crime scene enviroment (R = 0.815, x2 = 46.75, df = 2, P < 0.001, OR = 0.105, CI = 0.110–0.217), gambling abuse and possible recidivism. Within the psycho-logical predictors domain, violent murderers are differentiated from the non-violent ones by psyhoticism (R = 0.750, df = 2, P < 0.001, OR = 0.710 (95%), CI = 0.290–1.770), destructiveness (R = 0.610, df = 2, P < 0.001, OR = 0.575 (95%), CI 0.970–1.435) incorporation in the PIE tests.ConclusionFor the violent homicides, owing to personal and family history, presence of the microsocial model of violence transfer augmented by heredity. Important hereditary destructiveness was also found and stressed for the violent group. For the cases of nonviolent homicides several facts as poverty and long-term vulnerability were found to provoke accidental homicide.
Mental Disorders in Victimization
Authors: Novakovic M.P. , Novakovic R. , Despotovic V. , Maksimovic Z. , Novakovic D. 
Published: May 2011

AimThe aim of this study was to show the importance of mental disorders in victimologic analysis in the sexual violence in B&H in the post-war period from January 1st 1999. to December 31st 2009.MethodMental disorders in victimization was tested on a sample of 175 non-violent female victims with mental disorders. The control group consists of 175 victims of violent victimization.ResultsIn a regressive analysis, violent persons were separated from the non-violent ones by these redicting predictive factors: age (R = 0.731, df = 3, x2 =3 .341, P = 0.007 OR = 0.520 (95%), CI = 0.820–0.950), father's education, house, mother's prostitution, sexual abuse and desire for victimization. Members of the control group had more often lived as lodgers (R = 0.015, x2 = 4.431, P = 0.005, OR = 0.203, Cl = 0.390–0.492), with alcohol abuse and high rate of the family violence, nicotinism and sexual abuse. Psychological predictive factors in dividing non-violent from violent victims are: psychoticism (R = 0.791, x2 = 4.783 df = 1, P < 0.001, OR = 0.749, (95%) Cl = 0.368–0,936), HDRS - total: (R = 1.174, x2 = 10.341, df = 1, P < 0.001, OR = 0.770 (95%) CI = 0.650–0.910), incorporation of P = 0.001 in Plutchi's test. Conclusion: Sexual violence among mentally disordered persons makes 20.50% of all victimizations which were committed by patients with personality disorders and neurotic persons. It has been demonstrated that females in B&H were more exposed to sexual violence because of poor mental health protection and increased violence in the family. Transgenerational model of the stress transmission, victimization in microsocial model of violence.
Anxiety Forms of Patients with Balcans Endemic Nephropaty
Authors: Novakovic M.P. , Mitrovic D. , Maksimovic Z. , Naskovic Z. , Novakovic R. 
Published: May 2011

AimsTo analyze the forms of anxiety with BEN of the dialyzed patients with sub-hypothesis: socio-demographical, psychopathological, and biological influences.MethodIn B&H dialyzed in 2009. 2879 patients because of chronic renal insufficiency. Dialysis started in B&H on patients with BEN (n = 348) were in the first group, and other the N18 group was formed of patients with other diseases (n = 405). Controls group consists of the patients with other nephrology diseases. Clinical observation lasted from 01.01.2000. to 31.12.2009. when the study was done. Research is a comparative study cut, and the patients are questioned: Renal Registry of B&H, BAI, HDRS, and MMSE.ResultsPatients of the Cases group are the age of: 64.77 ± 8.86, and Controls 53.85 ± 13.6. High socio-demographic significations are the places of living of the Cases group (c2 = 23. 970), P < 0.01; renal diseases in the place of residence (c2 = 23. 970), P < 0.01; in the family (c2 = 23,970); P < =0.001 and the migration (c2 = 4,874); P < 0. 01. BAI scale has very significant group differences P < 0.001 and the level differences at the emerging of the fear, HDRS scale has group signification P < 0.001 and the variables point out depressive and anxiety differences and MMSE cognitive differences.ConclusionAll patients which are interrogated at the dialysis in B&H from 2000. to 2009 have anxiety. Anxiety is more expressed in Cases group due to Control group, and comorbidity gives endemic factors for presuicidal risk for both groups.
The Evaluation of Burnout Syndrome in a Portuguese Sample of Health Professionals
Authors: Prata J. , Pereira S.M. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe term burnout was first introduced by Freudenberger several decades ago but remains an important problem in modern working environments. Despite the lack of a generally accepted definition, Maslach and Leither consider that burnout results from chronic stress (in the workplace) that has not been adequately dealt with. Symptoms include emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and the burnout syndrome has also been associated with medical conditions such as headaches, sleep disturbances, irritability, hypertension, anxiety, depression and even acute heart disease. Other consequences include reduced performance and satisfaction at work. The Malasch Burnout Inventory is a widely used and reliable measure which has been used in different populations.MethodsIn this study the authors propose to evaluate the prevalence of burnout syndrome in a Portuguese sample of health professionals (doctors and nurses), working in five different hospital settings (surgery, medicine, psychiatry, anesthesiology and laboratory), and its relationship with variables such as social and demographic data, job profile and job satisfaction, and balance between job and personal life. The Portuguese version of the Malasch Burnout Inventory, which has been translated and adapted to the Portuguese population by Melo and Cruz, will be used as well as a semi-structured questionnaire for remaining data.
Prevalence and Burden of at-Risk Criteria of Psychosis and Help-Seeking Behaviour - a Population Survey
Authors: Schultze-Lutter F. , Michel C. , Schimmelmann B. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectiveIn the discussion of the inclusion of an at-risk syndrome of psychosis in DSM-V, the validity of current at-risk criteria had been questioned based on studies reporting much higher prevalence rates of psychotic-like experiences in general population samples (GPS) compared to psychotic disorders. Thus the 3-month prevalence of at-risk criteria and symptoms in GPS, age 16–35, was assessed by trained clinicians in telephone interviews using established standardized assessments.MethodsOf 85 enrolled persons, 60 persons (70.5%) participated, two of them met exclusion criteria (psychosis, language problems). The 22 psychopathological at-risk symptoms were assessed for their occurrence and severity within the three months prior to the telephone interview using the(i)Schizophrenia Prediction Instrument, Adult version (SPI-A) and(ii)the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes (SIPS).ResultsOnly one person (1.7%) fulfilled ‘attenuated psychotic symptoms’ (APS)-criteria according to SIPS. At 1.7%, the 3-month prevalence of at-risk criteria was rather low; at 20.7%, the prevalence of sub-threshold at-risk symptoms, however, was much higher. Yet the presence of these sub-threshold symptoms was already associated with lower psychosocial functioning and with psychiatric axis I diagnoses.
The Influencing Factors on Parental Self-Efficacy of 2–6 Year Old Children's Mothers
Authors: Tahmassian K. , Anari A. , Fathabadi M. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionParental self-efficacy indicates how effectively parents can manage their parenting responsibility and acts as a predictor of the behavioral and emotional adjustments of children.AimCurrent study was conducted to examine the influencing factors on parental self-efficacy of 2–6 year old children's mothers.MethodThe present study is a descriptive-post hoc study. 350 mothers were selected from 15 kindergartens of 3 area of Tehran, by multistage sampling method. They completed Rosenberg's self-esteem scale (Rosenberg, 1986), Parental Bonding Questionnaire (Parker et al., 1983), Parenting stress Index (Abiding, 1995), Sources of Social support scale (Koeske & Koeske, 2002), Maternal efficacy Questionnaire (Teti & Gelfand, 1991) and Preschool Behavior Checklist (McGuire & Richman, 1986). Stepwise regression analysis showed that parenting stress, children behavioral problems, mother's self-esteem and parental distress subscale from parenting stress index, in four steps, could explain 32% of variance in maternal self-efficacy.ConclusionParental stress, children's behavioral problems and mother's self esteem are important factors in maternal self-efficacy. Therefore, interventions regarding mentioned factors, can enhance maternal self-efficacy and prevent maladjustments related to mothers and children.
The Influence of Group Psychotherapy to Crisis Frangibility and Coping Style in Community Residents
Authors: Weidong J. , Guoquan Z. , Yunqing G. , Hong Z. , Hua T. , Peirong H. , Hao C. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectiveTo understood the influence of group psychotherapy to crisis frangibility and coping style in community residents,seek the methods and value of community psychological coping intervention,and provide the basis of psychological theory and practice for the work of community mental health.MethodsThe scale of crisis frangibility and BCQ were employed to evaluate and compare the mental state before and after intervention.Results1)Crisis frangibility of residents was negatively correlated with positive coping,positively correlated with negative coping.2)After group psychotherapy,scores of scale for crisis vulnerability and negative coping droped.3)Through the regression model analysis, the linear relationship between positive coping factor and the crisis vulnerable is closest.Conclusion9 Group psychotherapy in community is a effective method to reduce resident's crisis frangibility,and the setup of experimental model has provided the theory and the practice basis for development psychology counseling in community.
The Effect of One Left-Sided Preferontal HF-rTMS Session on Emotional Brain Processes
Authors: Baeken C. , Van Schuerbeek P. , De Raedt R. , De Mey J. , Vanderhasselt M.-A. , Santermans L. , Zeeuws D. , Vanderbruggen N. , Luypaert R. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionAlthough repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is frequently used to examine emotional changes in healthy volunteers, it remains largely unknown how rTMS is able to influence emotion.Objectives, aims & methodsIn this sham-controlled single-blind crossover study using fMRI, we examined in 20 right-handed healthy female volunteers whether a single high frequency (HF)-rTMS session applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) could influence emotional processing while focussing on blocks of positively and negatively valenced baby faces. The task instruction was to focus on one's own emotional status elicited by the visual stimuli.ResultsA single HF-rTMS session selectively influenced the processing of positively and negatively valenced baby faces. When positive information was being processed, one active left-sided HF-rTMS session resulted in enhanced neuronal activity in the left superior frontal cortex (Brodmann area 10) and right inferior parietal cortex (Brodmann area 39). When negative information was processed, one active stimulation session attenuated neuronal activity in the right insula, while sham stimulation did not.DiscussionThese observations suggest that after one active HF-rTMS session, psychophysiological reactions while processing withdrawal-related stimuli decrease. The increased neuronal activity while processing of positively valenced baby faces might reflect enhanced task-related processing caused by the neuronal activation of the left DLPFC, which could indicate that females are more able to empathize with the depicted happy baby faces. Our results add further evidence as to why HF-rTMS applied to the left DLPFC might improve mood in depressive populations.
Technical Variables Related to the Application of Electroconvulsive Therapy in the “Hospital 12 de Octubre”, Madrid
Authors: Ballesteros Sanz D. , Verdura Vizcaíno E.J. , Marín Mayor M. , Hurtado Calvo M.Á. , del Peso Martínez D. , Sanz-Fuentenebro F.J. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundElectroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is a safe and effective technique widely used in our area. Scientific literature related to the application of this technique is continuously developing, specifically with regard to the placement of the electrodes, the amplitude of the stimulus pulse administered, the initial charge used, and the anesthetic agent involved.AimsThe primary aim of this study was to analyze technical variables associated with the use of ECT in our hospital, and compare them to the guidelines of the protocol developed in our hospital and international standards.MethodsWe performed a review of Clinical Histories of the patients that were treated with ECT in the “Hospital 12 de Octubre” (Madrid, Spain), in the period comprised between January 1st, 2008 and December 31st, 2009. We collected data related to the application of the technique, socio-demographic variables and clinical profiles. We used descriptive statistics to analyze our data.ResultsDuring this period, 602 ECT sessions were applied. Placement of the electrodes was unilateral in 58% of subjects with Affective Disorders and 8% of subjects with Schizophrenia. The amplitude of the stimulus pulse was 1 ms. Mean charge administered in the initial and final session was 236.85 mC and 357.16 mC, respectively. Etomidate was used as anesthetic in 68% of cases.ConclusionsECT technical variables applied in our hospital are adjusted to guidelines of our area and international recommendations. Longitudinal studies are warranted in order to objectively assess techinical variables associated to ECT.
Electroconvulsive Therapy and Depression with Psychotic Symptoms: a Case Report
Authors: Castillo A. , Lloret M. , Harto M. , Tatay A. , Almonacid C. , Calabuig R. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionPsychotic symptoms in depression are indicators of severity and poor prognosis. It usually requires psychopharmacotherapy with antidepressants and antipsychotic agents and it may even require electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).Aims, methodologyTo review the indications of ECT in major depression through the study of a clinical case of a patient admitted in an indoor psychiatric unit.ResultsA 64-year-old woman diagnosed as bipolar affective disorder 20 years ago. Her first manic episode required hospitalization. Afterwards, she remained clinically stable for 18 years with pharmacotherapy with lithium. Lately she was admitted due to a major depressive episode with psychotic features (injury delusions, ruin and catastrophe). Antidepressant and antipsychotic treatment was added, improving her symptoms. However, she had to be readmitted two months later with severe psychotic symptoms that did not improve with pharmacological treatment. ECT was added to her treatment. She improved after a few sessions. During the last years, she has presented depressive episodes with psychotic symptoms at least once a year, and all of them have required ECT.ConclusionsECT is an alternative to pharmacological therapy in depression with psychotic symptoms in patients with no response to drugs. According to studies and clinical practice, ETC has been effective as we see in this case. Therefore, ECT is a technique to consider in major depression, not only in patients who do not respond to drug therapy but also in those who do not tolerate psychopharmacological, who suffer from severe or psychotic symptoms, suicide thoughts or those, psychomotor agitation or stupor.
DBS in Treatment-Resistant Depression
Authors: Delimpalta C. , Zampetaki C. , Varouchaki E. , Zampogiannis A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionOf patients with depression, up to 20–30% are treatment-resistant. DBS is being investigated as a novel therapeutic modality that could be effective in this group.Objective and aimsSummary of clinical experience with DBS for treatment-resistant depression.MethodsReview of published literature.ResultsDBS is undergoing trials for use in patients with major depression unresponsive to pharmacotherapy, cognitive therapy and electroconvulsion. Targets include the subcallosal cingulate gyrus, the nucleus accumbens, the anterior limb of capsula interna, the hibernula and the lower thalamus stem, areas shown by PET-scan studies to be crucial in development of depression, anxiety and anhedonia.In published studies, more than 50% of patients have responded or entered remission, as observed by score drops in the Hamilton and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scales, results that have been sustained over time. Post-op scans of responsive patients demonstarate reduction of both blood flow and metabolic hyperactivity in aforementioned areas- especially the cingulate gyrus- and other cortical and subcortical regions, and an increase in prefrontal blood flow, suggesting that DBS acts by disrupting pathological activity and normalizing function in near and adjacent circuits.DBS is reversible and adjustable with rare complications: wound skin infections, headaches and hemorrhage, while temporary mood changes, paresthesias, anxiety and autonomie disturbances are easily treated with stimulation adjustments.ConclusionsDBS has shown promise as new therapeutic means for unresponsive patients. With clinical trials multiplying and neuroimaging providing insight for possible targets, its applications are to become more common in resistant depression and other psychiatric disorders.
Cognitive Abilities Changes after Electroconvulsive Treatment
Authors: Sabol P. , Dragasek J. , Kovanicova M. , Palova E. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a safe and effective treatment for certain psychiatric disorders. It has long been known that ECT can produce deficits in anterograde, retrograde memory and non-memory-related cognitive functions.AimsOur research is focused to test selected cognitive abilities of patients undergoing electroconvulsive therapy. Our main concern was focused on changes in memory, attention, psychomotor speed and intellect.MethodsChanges in cognitive abilities were assessed in 30 patients from the 1st Department of Psychiatry, University of P.J.Safarik in Kosice before and after ECT treatment session. To assess changes in cognitive abilities we have used Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (REY), Attention-Concentration Test (ACT), Trail Making Test (TMT) and Intelect Potential Test (TIP).ResultsWe have observed statistical significant improvement in visual and short-term memory test (preECT REY 10,92 ± 6,7 vs postECT REY 12,73 ± 5,06, p = 0,047), statistical non-significant improvement in psychomotor speed test (preECT TMT 68,88 ± 45,13 vs postECT TMT 65,15 ± 49,74, p = 0,062), statistical significant improvement in attention-concentration test (preECT ACT 0,74 ± 0,3 vs postECT ACT 0,85 ± 0,16, p = 0,021) and statistical non-significant improvement in intellect potential test (preECT TIP 7,45 ± 7,37 vs post ECT TIP 8,28 ± 6,45, p = 0,142).ConclusionFurther research is required to determine changes in cognitive abilities associated with ECT in homogenous patients’ population. The validity and limitations are discussed.
2009: The Resurgence of Electroconvulsive Therapy in a Medium Stay Unit
Authors: Euba O. , Zallo E. , Torreblanca M. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an ancient treatment used in psychiatry but sometimes has been forgotten, considered outdated. Since 2008 with the new electroconvulsive protocol in use elaborated in the Hospital of Zamudio, this therapy is part of the usual clinical practice, mainly in the medium stay unit.ObjectivesThe principal aim of this project is to describe the profile and the programs of ECT sessions given to hospitalized patients in a medium stay unit during 2009.Results19 of the 344 patients hospitalized in this unit in 2009 need electroshock therapy. Each patient received an initial amount of sessions, in average 5-6, considered as part of what is commonly known as Treatment electrotherapy (sessions required to psychopathological stabilization or remission).Most of this patients (68,42%) required Maintenance electrotherapy (sessions needed to consolidate the clinical improvement and stabilization achieved with the Treatment electrotherapy) but 15,38% of them refused to continue with the sessions and the treatment. During maintenance electrotherapy, sessions are initially weekly and gradually less frequent.The profile of the standard patient receiving ECT is woman, between 40 and 65 years old and who suffers from Recurrent Major Depression.ConclusionsSince the protocol established in 2008, a year has been enough to normalized the use of ECT in a medium stay unit.ECT is a personalized therapy with different applications in each patient, although the indications and objectives followed are almost the same and are protocolized, because the response, the adverse effects etc have to be taken into account.