bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of a new diol‐functionalized s‐triazine‐based polymerizable hindered amine light stabilizer
Authors: Mehare Rupali S. , Lonkar Sunil P. , Singh R.P. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA new diol‐functionalized triazine‐based polymerizable hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS) was synthesized in two steps. First, selective synthesis of an s‐triazine containing two HALS moieties as substituents was accomplished by using phase‐transfer catalysis. This step required the establishment of optimum reaction conditions (type of two‐phase system, best solvent, and catalyst). In the second step, the substituted triazine was treated with diethanolamine to introduce polymerizable diol functionality. The resulting product should act as a light stabilizer, since it contains two HALS moieties anchored to a thermally stable s‐triazine unit. Moreover, incorporation of the diol into a polymeric material might be expected to impart prolonged stability in weathering environments. Characterization of the diol was accomplished by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 'H NMR, and mass spectrometry. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 18:204–208, 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Monitoring wind turbine gearboxes
Authors: Feng Yanhui , Qiu Yingning , Crabtree Christopher J. , Long Hui , Tavner Peter J. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTConcerns amongst wind turbine (WT) operators about gearbox reliability arise from complex repair procedures, high replacement costs and long downtimes leading to revenue losses. Therefore, reliable monitoring for the detection, diagnosis and prediction of such faults are of great concerns to the wind industry. Monitoring of WT gearboxes has gained importance as WTs become larger and move to more inaccessible locations. This paper summarizes typical WT gearbox failure modes and reviews supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) and condition monitoring system (CMS) approaches for monitoring them. It then presents two up‐to‐date monitoring case studies, from different manufacturers and types of WT, using SCADA and CMS signals.The first case study, applied to SCADA data, starts from basic laws of physics applied to the gearbox to derive robust relationships between temperature, efficiency, rotational speed and power output. The case study then applies an analysis, based on these simple principles, to working WTs using SCADA oil temperature rises to predict gearbox failure.The second case study focuses on CMS data and derives diagnostic information from gearbox vibration amplitudes and oil debris particle counts against energy production from working WTs.The results from the two case studies show how detection, diagnosis and prediction of incipient gearbox failures can be carried out using SCADA and CMS signals for monitoring although each technique has its particular strengths. It is proposed that in the future, the wind industry should consider integrating WT SCADA and CMS data to detect, diagnose and predict gearbox failures.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decomposition of the windiness index in the Netherlands for the assessment of future long‐term wind supply
Authors: Bakker A. M. R. , Van den Hurk B. J. J. M. , Coelingh J. P. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThe main windiness index in the Netherlands (Windex‐CBS) has been subject to a decreasing trend since the systematic recording started in 1988. This seriously complicates the estimation of future long‐term wind supply. Therefore, it is necessary to know the main causes of the reported decline.For this purpose, Windex‐CBS, derived from actual wind turbine yields, is compared with two alternative windiness indices. The first index is based on wind speed observations Wland and the second on geostrophic wind speed Gland. Similar indices are formulated for offshore wind supply in the North Sea, Woff and Goff. High mutual correlations between the indices indicate that they do efficiently account for natural variability. Yet, the trends of the different indices do substantially differ from each other.The decrease of Windex‐CBS is twice as large as (200%) the decrease of Wland. The trend of the difference between both indices is highly significant. This suggests that the Windex‐CBS is contaminated by operational or methodological factors. Wland does not suffer from such factors and is therefore the preferred measure of wind supply. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of Positive Intraabdominal Lavage Cytology on the Long‐term Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Temesi Rita , Sikorszki László , Bezsilla János , Botos Ákos , Kovács Judit , Tihanyi Tibor 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundOur aim was to investigate the presence of free cancer cells found in lavage cytology specimens taken from the proximity of tumors during the course of curative open and laparoscopic colorectal resections and then examine and compare the long‐term disease outcomes in cases of negative and positive cytology. Based on the results, we were hoping to identify the place of peritumoral lavage cytology among prognostic factors for disease recurrence.MethodsBetween January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2007 intraoperative peritoneal lavage cytology was performed in 145 patients who underwent curative colorectal procedures. In all, 37 of the procedures were laparoscopic resections.ResultsMalignant cells were detected in the intraoperative peritoneal lavage cytology samples from 25 patients. Median follow‐up was 47 months (3–81 months). Among the 25 patients with positive cytology; locoregional recurrence or distant metastasis was found in 14 during this period (56 %), whereas among the 120 patients with negative cytology the incidence was 28 (23 %).ConclusionsThe impact of tumor stage, lymph node status, and peritoneal lavage cytology on recurrence rates is significant. Tumor, nodal, and lavage cytology status can be organized hierarchically in relation to time of recurrence. Cytology is most important, with positivity rendering long‐term prognosis unfavorable. When comparing surgical techniques (open versus laparoscopic), we found no significant difference in recurrence rates. Our study has shown that conventional peritoneal lavage cytology is a prognostic factor in the case of patients undergoing curative colorectal operations.
Diagnosis and treatment of acute otitis media: review
Authors: Toll Edward C , Nunez Desmond A 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground:Acute otitis media is very common, but diagnostic criteria and treatment recommendations vary considerably.Methods:Medline, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched using the key words ‘acute otitis media’ AND ‘diagnosis’ OR ‘diagnostic criteria’ OR ‘definition’, and by combining the terms ‘acute otitis media’ AND ‘guidelines’. PubMed was searched using the key words ‘mastoiditis’ and ‘prevalence’.Results:The 11 most recently published guidelines unanimously agreed that adequate analgesia should be prescribed in all cases. The majority recommended that routine antibiotic prescription should be avoided in mild to moderate cases and when there was diagnostic uncertainty in patients two years and older. Antibiotics were recommended in children two years and younger, most commonly a 5-day course of amoxicillin (or a macrolide in patients allergic to penicillin).Conclusion:Level 1A evidence shows that selected cases of acute otitis media benefit from antibiotic prescription.
Maintenance of livestock farming may buffer population decline of the Barn SwallowHirundo rustica
Authors: AMBROSINI ROBERTO , RUBOLINI DIEGO , TROVÒ PAOLA , LIBERINI GIOVANNI , BANDINI MARCO , ROMANO ANDREA , SICURELLA BEATRICE , SCANDOLARA CHIARA , ROMANO MARIA , SAINO NICOLA 
Published: July 2012

SummaryPopulations of farmland and long-distance migratory birds have suffered steep, often dramatic, declines in the last few decades. The Barn SwallowHirundo rusticais a small migratory farmland bird that breeds synanthropically in farms, particularly where livestock is reared. Populations of this species have suffered marked declines in different parts of its European breeding range. Here, we first report a dramatic decline of 8.4% per year of the number of breeding pairs and the extinction of 19.6% of the colonies in three agricultural areas in Northern Italy, which differ in general ecological conditions. This decline was estimated on a very large sample of 190 randomly chosen farms where breeding pairs were censused both in 2001 and 2010, and occurred at different rates in the three study areas. Barn Swallows declined most (9.3% per year) in an intensively cultivated area where colonies are widespread, and least (1.3% per year) in a hilly area with a comparatively small density of colonies. Variation in livestock farming significantly influenced population dynamics. Specifically, cessation of livestock farming at a given farm between the two census years resulted in a significantly steeper decline in the number of breeding pairs compared to farms where livestock farming was maintained. Our findings highlight the fact that European populations of Barn Swallows breeding in intensively cultivated agro-ecosystems may become significantly depleted in the next decades, and indicate that maintenance of livestock farming may contribute to buffering the population decline of this species.
Hospitalization Rates Among Dialysis Patients During Hurricane Katrina
Authors: Howard David , Zhang Rebecca , Huang Yijian , Kutner Nancy 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIntroductionDialysis centers struggled to maintain continuity of care for dialysis patients during and immediately following Hurricane Katrina's landfall on the US Gulf Coast in August 2005. However, the impact on patient health and service use is unclear.ProblemThe impact of Hurricane Katrina on hospitalization rates among dialysis patients was estimated.MethodsData from the United States Renal Data System were used to identify patients receiving dialysis from January 1, 2001 through August 29, 2005 at clinics that experienced service disruptions during Hurricane Katrina. A repeated events duration model was used with a time-varying Hurricane Katrina indicator to estimate trends in hospitalization rates. Trends were estimated separately by cause: surgical hospitalizations, medical, non-renal-related hospitalizations, and renal-related hospitalizations.ResultsThe rate ratio for all-cause hospitalization associated with the time-varying Hurricane Katrina indicator was 1.16 (95% CI, 1.05-1.29; P = .004). The ratios for cause-specific hospitalization were: surgery, 0.84 (95% CI, 0.68-1.04; P = .11); renal-related admissions, 2.53 (95% CI, 2.09-3.06); P < .001), and medical non-renal related, 1.04 (95% CI, 0.89-1.20; P = .63). The estimated number of excess renal-related hospital admissions attributable to Katrina was 140, representing approximately three percent of dialysis patients at the affected clinics.ConclusionsHospitalization rates among dialysis patients increased in the month following the Hurricane Katrina landfall, suggesting that providers and patients were not adequately prepared for large-scale disasters.Howard D, Zhang R, Huang Y, Kutner N. Hospitalization rates among dialysis patients during Hurricane Katrina. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012;27(4):1-5.
An International Expert Delphi Study to Determine Research Needs in Major Incident Management
Authors: Mackway-Jones Kevin , Carley Simon 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo collate the opinions of experts and to reach consensus about the research priorities in the management of major incidents.DesignA three-round e-Delphi study was conducted using an international panel of experts drawn from active researchers and active educators in major incident management. General areas for consideration were derived from the literature analysis undertaken as part of the overall project.ResultsExperts generated 221 statements in 11 topic areas in the first round. Fifty-one of these statements reached consensus in Round 2. A further 23 statements reached consensus in Round 3, leaving 147 statements that did not reach consensus.ConclusionsAn international expert panel reached consensus on 74 topics of research priority in major incidents management. The strongest themes within these topics were education and training, planning, and communication.Mackway-Jones K, Carley S. An international expert Delphi study to determine research needs in major incident management.Prehosp Disaster Med.2012;27(4):1-8.
Psychological Consequences of Indirect Exposure to Disaster Due to the Haiti Earthquake
Authors: Shultz James M. , Besser Avi , Kelly Fiona , Allen Andrea , Schmitz Susan , Hausmann Vicky , Marcelin Louis Herns , Neria Yuval 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIntroductionFew studies have focused on the mental health consequences of indirect exposure to disasters caused by naturally occurring hazards. The present study assessed indirect exposure to the 2010 earthquake in Haiti among Haitian-Americans now living in Miami; these subjects had no direct exposure to the earthquake, but retained their cultural identity, language, and connection to family and friends in Haiti.MethodsTwo months following the earthquake a sample of Haitian-Americans was surveyed inquiring about: (1) their psychological reactions to the quake; (2) types of exposures experienced by their family members and friends in Haiti; and (3) symptom levels of (a) major depression, (b) generalized anxiety disorder, (c) complicated grief, (d) mental health status, and (e) physical health status.ResultsHaitian-Americans living in Miami experienced a broad spectrum of indirect exposures to the 2010 earthquake in Haiti. These exposures were strongly associated with psychological distress, trauma-related mental health consequences, and diminished health status. Most notable was the multiplicity of indirect exposures to the on-scene experiences of multiple family members and friends in Haiti.ConclusionsConsideration should be given to the psychological impact and needs for support among indirectly-exposed populations with strong affiliation to directly-impacted victims.Shultz JM, Besser A, Kelly F, Allen A, Schmitz S, Hausmann V, Marcelin LH, Neria Y. Psychological consequences of indirect exposure to disaster due to the Haiti earthquake.Prehosp Disaster Med.2012;27(4):1-10.
Link between microbial composition and carbon substrate-uptake preferences in a PHA-storing community
Authors: Albuquerque Maria G E , Carvalho Gilda , Kragelund Caroline , Silva Ana F , Barreto Crespo Maria T , Reis Maria A M , Nielsen Per H 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The microbial community of a fermented molasses-fed sequencing batch reactor (SBR) operated under feast and famine conditions for production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) was identified and quantified through a 16 S rRNA gene clone library and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The microbial enrichment was found to be composed of PHA-storing populations (84% of the microbial community), comprising members of the genera Azoarcus, Thauera and Paracoccus. The dominant PHA-storing populations ensured the high functional stability of the system (characterized by high PHA-storage efficiency, up to 60% PHA content). The fermented molasses contained primarily acetate, propionate, butyrate and valerate. The substrate preferences were determined by microautoradiography-FISH and differences in the substrate-uptake capabilities for the various probe-defined populations were found. The results showed that in the presence of multiple substrates, microbial populations specialized in different substrates were selected, thereby co-existing in the SBR by adapting to different niches. Azoarcus and Thauera, primarily consumed acetate and butyrate, respectively. Paracoccus consumed a broader range of substrates and had a higher cell-specific substrate uptake. The relative species composition and their substrate specialization were reflected in the substrate removal rates of different volatile fatty acids in the SBR reactor.
Mechanisms determining the fate of dispersed bacterial communities in new environments
Authors: Székely Anna J , Berga Mercè , Langenheder Silke 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Recent work has shown that dispersal has an important role in shaping microbial communities. However, little is known about how dispersed bacteria cope with new environmental conditions and how they compete with local resident communities. To test this, we implemented two full-factorial transplant experiments with bacterial communities originating from two sources (freshwater or saline water), which were incubated, separately or in mixes, under both environmental conditions. Thus, we were able to separately test for the effects of the new environment with and without interactions with local communities. We determined community composition using 454-pyrosequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA to specifically target the active fraction of the communities, and measured several functional parameters. In absence of a local resident community, the net functional response was mainly affected by the environmental conditions, suggesting successful functional adaptation to the new environmental conditions. Community composition was influenced both by the source and the incubation environment, suggesting simultaneous effects of species sorting and functional plasticity. In presence of a local resident community, functional parameters were higher compared with those expected from proportional mixes of the unmixed communities in three out of four cases. This was accompanied by an increase in the relative abundance of generalists, suggesting that competitive interactions among local and immigrant taxa could explain the observed ‘functional overachievement’. In summary, our results suggest that environmental filtering, functional plasticity and competition are all important mechanisms influencing the fate of dispersed communities.
Redox, haem and CO in enzymatic catalysis and regulation
Authors: Ragsdale Stephen W. , Yi Li , Bender Güneş , Gupta Nirupama , Kung Yan , Yan Lifen , Stich Troy A. , Doukov Tzanko , Leichert Lars , Jenkins Paul M. , Bianchetti Christopher M. , George Simon J. , Cramer Stephen P. , Britt R. David , Jakob Ursula , Martens Jeffrey R. , Phillips George N. , Drennan Catherine L. 
Published: July 2012

The present paper describes general principles of redox catalysis and redox regulation in two diverse systems. The first is microbial metabolism of CO by the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway, which involves the conversion of CO or H2/CO2 into acetyl-CoA, which then serves as a source of ATP and cell carbon. The focus is on two enzymes that make and utilize CO, CODH (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase) and ACS (acetyl-CoA synthase). In this pathway, CODH converts CO2 into CO and ACS generates acetyl-CoA in a reaction involving Ni·CO, methyl-Ni and acetyl-Ni as catalytic intermediates. A 70 Å (1 Å=0.1 nm) channel guides CO, generated at the active site of CODH, to a CO ‘cage’ near the ACS active site to sequester this reactive species and assure its rapid availability to participate in a kinetically coupled reaction with an unstable Ni(I) state that was recently trapped by photolytic, rapid kinetic and spectroscopic studies. The present paper also describes studies of two haem-regulated systems that involve a principle of metabolic regulation interlinking redox, haem and CO. Recent studies with HO2 (haem oxygenase-2), a K+ ion channel (the BK channel) and a nuclear receptor (Rev-Erb) demonstrate that this mode of regulation involves a thiol–disulfide redox switch that regulates haem binding and that gas signalling molecules (CO and NO) modulate the effect of haem.
Neutronics experiments for uncertainty assessment of tritium breeding in HCPB and HCLL blanket mock-ups irradiated with 14 MeV neutrons
Authors: Batistoni P. , Angelone M. , Fischer U. , Klix A. , Kodeli I. , Leichtle D. , Pillon M. , Pohorecki W. , Villari R. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Two neutronics experiments have been carried out at 14 MeV neutron sources on mock-ups of the helium cooled pebble bed (HCBP) and the helium cooled lithium lead (HCLL) variants of ITER test blanket modules (TBMs). These experiments have provided an experimental validation of the calculations of the tritium production rate (TPR) in the two blanket concepts and an assessment of the uncertainties due to the uncertainties on nuclear data. This paper provides a brief summary of the HCPB experiment and then focuses in particular on the final results of the HCLL experiment. The TPR has been measured in the HCLL mock-up irradiated for long times at the Frascati 14 MeV Neutron Generator (FNG). Redundant and well-assessed experimental techniques have been used to measure the TPR by different teams for inter-comparison. Measurements of the neutron and gamma-ray spectra have also been performed. The analysis of the experiment, carried out by the MCNP code with FENDL-2.1 and JEFF-3.1.1 nuclear data libraries, and also including sensitivity/uncertainty analysis, shows good agreement between measurements and calculations, within the total uncertainty of 5.9% at 1σ level.
Intralipid, a Clinically Safe Compound, Protects the Heart Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury More Efficiently Than Cyclosporine-A
Authors: Li Jingyuan , Iorga Andrea , Sharma Salil , Youn Ji-Youn , Partow-Navid Rod , Umar Soban , Cai Hua , Rahman Siamak , Eghbali Mansoureh 
Published: July 2012

Background
We have recently shown that postischemic administration of intralipid protects the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Here we compared the cardioprotective effects of intralipid with cyclosporine-A, a potent inhibitor of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening.

Methods
In vivo rat hearts or isolated Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts were subjected to ischemia followed by reperfusion with intralipid (0.5%, 1% and 2% ex-vivo, and 20% in vivo), cyclosporine-A (0.2 μM, 0.8 μM, and 1.5 μM ex- vivo and 10 mg/kg in vivo), or vehicle. The hemodynamic function, infarct size, calcium retention capacity, mitochondrial superoxide production, and phosphorylation levels of protein kinase B (Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) were measured. The values are mean ± SEM.

Results
Administration of intralipid at reperfusion significantly reduced myocardial infarct size compared with cyclosporine-A in vivo (infarct size/area at risk)%: 22.9 ± 2.5% vs. 35.2 ± 3.5%; P = 0.030, n = 7/group). Postischemic administration of intralipid at its optimal dose (1%) was more effective than cyclosporine-A (0.8 μM) in protecting the ex vivo heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury, as the rate pressure product at the end of reperfusion was significantly higher (mmHg · beats/min: 12,740 ± 675 [n = 7] vs. 9,203 ± 10,781 [n = 5], P = 0.024), and the infarct size was markedly smaller (17.3 ± 2.9 [n = 7] vs. 29.2 ± 2.7 [n = 5], P = 0.014). Intralipid was as efficient as cyclosporine-A in inhibiting the mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening (calcium retention capacity = 280 ± 8.2 vs. 260.3 ± 2.9 nmol/mg mitochondria protein in cyclosporine-A, P = 0.454, n = 6) and in reducing cardiac mitochondrial superoxide production. Unlike intralipid, which increased phosphorylation of Akt (6-fold) and GSK-3β (5-fold), cyclosporine-A had no effect on the activation of these prosurvival kinases.

Conclusions
Although intralipid inhibits the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore as efficiently as cyclosporine-A, intralipid is more effective in reducing the infarct size and improving the cardiac functional recovery.