bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct roles of neuropilin 1 signaling for radial and tangential extension of callosal axons
Authors: Hatanaka Yumiko , Matsumoto Tomoko , Yanagawa Yuchio , Fujisawa Hajime , Murakami Fujio , Masu Masayuki 
Published: April 2009

AbstractCortical excitatory neurons migrate from their origin in the ventricular zone (VZ) toward the pial surface. During migration, these neurons exhibit a stellate shape in the intermediate zone (IZ), transform into bipolar cells, and then initiate radial migration, extending a trailing process, which may lead to an axon. Here we examined the role of neuropilin 1 (NRP1) in these developmental events. Both NRP1 mRNA and protein were highly expressed in the IZ, where stellate‐shaped cells were located. DiI labeling experiments showed that neuronal migration occurred normally in Nrp1 mutant mice up to embryonic day (E) 14.5, the latest day to which the mutant survives, with only subtle axonal defasciculation. However, interference with Nrp1 signaling at a later stage caused pathfinding errors: when a dominant negative form of Nrp1 was electroporated into the cortical VZ cells at E12.5 or E15.5 and examined perinatally, guidance errors were found in tangential axonal extension toward the midline. In contrast, no significant effect was noted on the migration of cortical excitatory neurons. These findings indicate that NRP1 plays an important role in the guidance of callosal axons originating from cortical excitatory neurons but does not support a role in their migration. Moreover, insofar as radial axonal extension within the cortical plate was unaffected, the present findings imply that molecular mechanisms for the axonal extension of excitatory neurons within the cortical plate are distinct from those in the white matter. J. Comp. Neurol. 514:215–225, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Click Multivalent Heterogeneous Neoglycoconjugates – Modular Synthesis and Evaluation of Their Binding Affinities
Authors: Ortega‐Muñoz Mariano , Perez‐Balderas Francisco , Morales‐Sanfrutos Julia , Hernandez‐Mateo Fernando , Isac‐García Joaquín , Santoyo‐Gonzalez Francisco 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe efficient synthesis of structurally diverse, multivalent, heterogeneous neoglycoconjugates by means of a series of different click‐based strategies is described. The methodology is highly efficient and versatile allowing for easy access to a series of mannose (α‐Man)‐containing glycoconjugates differing in their valency, nature of the scaffold, nature of the constitutive sugars and length of the linker. The influence of those structural parameters on the binding affinities of these glycomimics toward Concanavalin A (Con A) was evaluated.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
New and Efficient Iron Halide Mediated Synthesis of Alkenyl Halides through Coupling of Alkynes and Alcohols
Authors: Biswas Srijit , Maiti Sukhendu , Jana Umasish 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA novel, simple, and straightforward one‐pot reaction of alkynes with various alcohols in the presence of iron salts (FeCl3and FeBr3) was described to yield the corresponding alkenyl halides with complete regioselectivity and highstereoselectivity. The reaction is high yielding and works under mild conditions. The iron salts act as Lewis acids and a source of halides. The reaction tolerates a wide variety of functional groups. Noteworthy is that this method is cheap, efficient, and environmentally friendly.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
The timing of temporoparietal and frontal activations during mental own body transformations from different visuospatial perspectives
Authors: Schwabe Lars , Lenggenhager Bigna , Blanke Olaf 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe perspective from where the world is perceived is an important aspect of the bodily self and may break down in neurological conditions such as out‐of‐body experiences (OBEs). These striking disturbances are characterized by disembodiment, an external perspective and have been observed after temporoparietal damage. Using mental own body imagery, recent neuroimaging work has linked perspectival changes to the temporoparietal cortex. Because the disembodied perspective during OBEs is elevated in the majority of cases, we tested whether an elevated perspective will interfere with such temporoparietal mechanisms mental own body imagery. We designed stimuli of life‐sized humans rotated around the vertical axis and rendered as if viewed from three different perspectives: elevated, lowered, and normal. Reaction times (RTs) in an own body transformation task, but not the control condition, were dependent on the rotation angle. Furthermore, RTs were shorter for the elevated as compared with the normal or lowered perspective. Using high‐density EEG and evoked potential (EP) mapping, we found a bilateral temporoparietal and frontal activation at ≈330–420 ms after stimulus onset that was dependent on the rotation angle, but not on the perspective. This activation was also found in response‐locked EPs. In the time period ≈210–330 ms we found a temporally distinct posterior temporal activation with its duration being dependent on the perspective, but not the rotation angle. Collectively, the present findings suggest that temporoparietal and frontal as well as posterior temporal activations and their timing are crucial neuronal correlates of the bodily self as studied by mental imagery. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MicroRNA regulates human vitamin D receptor
Authors: Mohri Takuya , Nakajima Miki , Takagi Shingo , Komagata Sayaka , Yokoi Tsuyoshi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMost of the biological effects of 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) are elicited by the binding to vitamin D receptor (VDR), which regulates gene expression. Earlier studies reported no correlation between the VDR protein and mRNA levels, suggesting the involvement of posttranscriptional regulation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression through translational repression or mRNA degradation. A potential miR‐125b recognition element (MRE125b) was identified in the 3′‐untranslated region of human VDR mRNA. We investigated whether VDR is regulated by miR‐125b. In luciferase assays using a plasmid containing the MRE125b, the antisense oligonucleotide for miR‐125b significantly increased (130% of control) the reporter activity in KGN cells, whereas the precursor for miR‐125b significantly decreased (40% of control) the reporter activity in MCF‐7 cells, suggesting that miR‐125b functionally recognized the MRE125b. By electrophoretic mobility shift assays, it was demonstrated that the overexpression of miR‐125b significantly decreased the endogenous VDR protein level in MCF‐7 cells to 40% of control. 1,25(OH)2D3 drastically induced the CYP24 mRNA level in MCF‐7 cells, but the induction was markedly attenuated by the overexpression of miR‐125b. In addition, the antiproliferative effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 in MCF‐7 cells were significantly abolished by the overexpression of miR‐125b. These results suggest that the endogenous VDR level was repressed by miR‐125b. In conclusion, we found that miR‐125b posttranscriptionally regulated human VDR. Since the miR‐125b level is known to be downregulated in cancer, such a decrease may result in the upregulation of VDR in cancer and augmentation of the antitumor effects of 1,25(OH)2D3. © 2009 UICC
A high proportion of bone marrow T cells with regulatory phenotype (CD4+CD25hiFoxP3+) in Ewing sarcoma patients is associated with metastatic disease
Authors: Brinkrolf Peter , Landmeier Silke , Altvater Bianca , Chen Christiane , Pscherer Sibylle , Rosemann Annegret , Ranft Andreas , Dirksen Uta , Juergens Heribert , Rossig Claudia 
Published: April 2009

AbstractImmunosuppressive CD4+CD25hiFoxP3+ T cells (Treg cells) have been found at increased densities within the tumor microenvironment in many malignancies and interfere with protective antitumor immune responses. Osseous Ewing sarcomas (ESs) are thought to derive from a bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal cell of origin, and microscopic marrow involvement defines a subpopulation of patients at a high risk of relapse. We hypothesized that BM‐resident T cells may contribute to a permissive milieu for immune escape of ESs. Using 6‐color‐flow cytometry, we investigated the pattern of immune cell subset distribution including NK cells, γδ T cells, central and effector memory CD8+ and CD4+ T cells as well as T cells with regulatory phenotype (Treg cells) in BM obtained at diagnosis from 45 primary or relapsed ES patients treated within standardized protocols. Although patients at relapse had an inverted CD4:CD8 T‐cell ratio, neither CD8+ effector/memory T‐cell subsets nor Treg cells significantly differed from patients at diagnosis. No significant associations of innate and effector/memory T‐cell subpopulations with known risk factors were found, including age, gender, tumor site, primary metastases and histological tumor response. By contrast, Treg cells were found at significantly higher frequencies in patients with primary metastatic disease compared with localized ESs (5.0 vs. 3.3%, p = 0.01). Thus, increased BM Treg cells in patients with metastasized ES may reflect an immune escape mechanism that contributes to the development of metastatic disease. Immunotherapeutic strategies will have to adequately consider the regulatory milieu within areas of Ewing tumor‐immune interactions. © 2009 UICC
The invasive potential of human melanoma cell lines correlates with their ability to alter fibroblast gene expression in vitro and the stromal microenvironment in vivo
Authors: Li Ling , Dragulev Bojan , Zigrino Paola , Mauch Cornelia , Fox Jay W. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment is thought to play an important role in invasion and metastasis. Previously, we have shown that signaling from melanoma cells can alter the gene expression profiles of fibroblasts in vitro and in vivo. To investigate whether the capacity to signal fibroblasts and alter host gene expression profiles is correlated to the invasive potential of specific human melanoma cell lines, we assayed changes in gene expression of fibroblasts when cocultured with the human melanoma cell lines BLM, MV3, A2058, SK‐mel28 and WM164. Results indicated that the gene expression of key chemokines and cytokines, such as IL‐1B, IL‐8, IL‐6 and CCL2/MCP1, was significantly upregulated in fibroblasts cocultured with the invasive melanoma lines BLM and MV3 compared to fibroblasts cocultured with noninvasive WM164 cells. The results were verified by quantitative RT‐PCR as well as by protein assay and supported by immunohistochemistry of human invasive melanoma. Furthermore, a role for fibroblast‐secreted IL‐1B in the invasion of melanoma was demonstrated in vitro, where siRNA silencing of IL‐1B in melanoma‐stimulated fibroblasts resulted in a diminution of melanoma invasion. Although CCL2/MCP1, a chemoattractant for macrophages, was shown to be upregulated in fibroblasts cocultured with metastatic melanoma cell lines, immunohistochemical analysis of human melanoma also indicated CCL2/MCP1 production associated with the melanoma. In summary, these experiments indicate that the invasiveness of melanoma can partly be correlated to its ability to stimulate host stromal fibroblasts to give rise to the secretion of chemokines that generate a microenvironment that is conductive for melanoma invasion and metastasis. © 2009 UICC
APM2 is a novel mediator of cisplatin resistance in a variety of cancer cell types regardless of p53 or MMR status
Authors: Scott Bradley J. , Qutob Sami , Liu Qing Y. , Ng Cheng E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractCisplatin is one of the most widely used chemotherapeutics in the world today. Unfortunately, chemoresistance often develops hindering the effectiveness of the drug. Mismatch‐repair (MMR) and p53 have previously been shown to be important determinants of cisplatin resistance and can contribute to cisplatin resistance clinically. Here, we have used cDNA microarray to identify several genes as up or downregulated in a previously described, cisplatin resistant, clone of the HCT116 cell line (HCT116‐K). On follow‐up, one gene, APM2, was found to promote cisplatin resistance when overexpressed in sensitive HCT116 clones. Furthermore, silencing APM2 in a panel of cell lines encompassing all combinations of p53 status and MMR proficiency (HCT116‐K, HCT116, SW620, MCF7, PC‐3 and OV2008) resulted in sensitization regardless of these 2 factors. In addition, silencing APM2 stably using shRNA also resulted in the sensitization of cells to cisplatin. More importantly, cisplatin inhibited the growth of APM2 silenced tumor xenografts (HCT116‐K or OV2008 cells) significantly better than it inhibited the growth of xenografts carrying nontargeting control shRNAs. These findings represent a novel strategy that could be exploited to overcome cisplatin resistance in patients regardless of p53 status or ability to perform MMR. © 2009 UICC
Evidence for phosphatase activity of p27SJ and its impact on the cell cycle
Authors: Darbinian Nune , Czernik Marta , Darbinyan Armine , Elias Mikael , Chabriere Eric , Bonasu Surekha , Khalili Kamel , Amini Shohreh 
Published: April 2009

Abstractp27SJ, a novel protein isolated from St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum), belongs to an emerging family of DING proteins that are related to a prokaryotic phosphate‐binding protein superfamily. Here we demonstrate that p27SJ exhibits phosphatase activity and that its expression in cells decreases the level of phosphorylated Erk1/2, a key protein of several signaling pathways. Treatment of p27SJ‐expressing cells with phosphatase inhibitors including okadaic acid, maintained Erk1/2 in its phosphorylated form, suggesting that dephosphorylation of Erk1/2 is mediated by p27SJ. Further, expression of p27SJ affects Erk1/2 downstream regulatory targets such as STAT3 and CREB. Moreover, the level of expression of cyclin A that associates with active ERK1/2 and is regulated by CREB, was modestly reduced in p27SJ‐expressing cells. Accordingly, results from in vitro kinase assays revealed a noticeable decrease in the activity of cyclin A in cells expressing p27SJ. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated dysregulation at S and G2/M phases in cells expressing p27SJ, supporting the notion that a decline in cyclin A activity by p27SJ has a biological impact on cell growth. These observations provide evidence that p27SJ alters the state of Erk1/2 phosphorylation, and impacts several biological events associated with cell growth and function. J. Cell. Biochem. 107: 400–407, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application of ecological adsorbent in the removal of reactive dyes from textile effluents
Authors: Vasques Andressa R. , de Souza Selene M. Guelli U. , Valle José A. B. , Ulson de Souza Antônio A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The capacity and mechanism of adsorption of the reactive dyes monoazo (RR2) and diazo (RR141), using a new adsorbent with a strong ecological appeal developed from the sludge of the textile effluent treatment process, were investigated. The kinetics and adsorption isotherms were determined at different temperatures and salt concentrations. After determination of the best experimental conditions for adsorption for both dyes, tests were carried out in fixed‐bed adsorption columns.RESULTS: For both dyes, there was a reduction in the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent developed when the system operated at temperatures above 40 °C. When 10% (by mass) of sodium chloride was added to the adsorbate RR141 the maximum adsorption increased from 66.67 mg g−1 to 78.74 mg g−1. For both dyes, the addition of sodium sulfate did not favor significantly the adsorption. The results obtained for scale‐up of the laboratory data for the adsorption columns indicated that the operating time with reactive dye diazo is 43.5% longer than that for monoazo.CONCLUSION: The adsorbent studied was shown to be a very promising alternative in terms of an environmentally friendly process. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Heterocyclic compounds from 3,3‐dimercapto‐1 ‐aryl‐2‐propen‐1‐ones. Note 2. Condensation with o‐aminothophenol and o‐aminophenol
Authors: Nardi D. , Tajana A. , Pennini R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe condensation of 3,3‐dimercapto‐1‐phenyl‐2‐propen‐1‐one with o‐aminothiophenol and o‐aminophenol in hot xylene gave 2‐phenacylbenzothiazole (3) and 2‐phenacylbenzoxazole (5). When the reaction with o‐aminophenol was carried out in hot benzene, 2‐beuzoylthioacctamidophenol (4) was obtained, which, heated in hot xylene gave 5. Ethyl benzoylacetale by reaction with o‐aminothiophenol gave 3, whereas by reaction with o‐aminophenol gave no heterocyclic compound. However, we were able to isolate 2‐benzoylacetamidophenol (6), ethyl β‐phenyl‐β‐(o‐hydroxy)phenyliminopropionate (7), and 2‐[β‐(o‐hydroxy)anilino] cinnamoylamidophenol (8). Ir and nmr spectra of synthesized compounds point out the existence of tautomers.
Studies on quinoline derivatives and related compounds. II. Synthesis of 5‐substituted 1‐ethyl‐1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxo‐3‐quinolinecarboxylic acid
Authors: Agui Hideo , Komatsu Toshiaki , Nakagome Takenari 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe cyclization of m‐substituted anilinomethylenemalonates (1) in the presence of polyphosphate ester and some other cyclizing agents gave mixtures of the isomeric ethyl 5‐ (2) and 7‐substituted 4‐hydroxy‐3‐quinolinecarboxylates (3), which led to mixtures of the corresponding quinolinecarboxylic acids (4 and 5) by hydrolysis. The proportions of 4 and 5 in the mixtures were determined on the basis of their nmr spectra. Novel 5‐chloro‐ (8a), 5‐methyl‐ (8b) and 5‐nitro‐1‐ethyl‐1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxo‐3‐quinolinecarboxylic acids were prepared and evaluated for antimicrobial activities. No significant activity, however, was noted.
Etude du mécanisme de la réaction de hantzsch des thiazoles. I. Mise en évidence et détermination des produits intermédiaires et de dégradation
Authors: Babadjamian A. , Metzger J. , Chanon M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDans certaines conditions, la réaction de Hantzsch, des cétones à halogénées avec les thioamides, conduit à des intermédiaires isolables. Leur structure, thioimidate ouverte ou cyclique, déterminée principalement à l'aide de la RMN, dépend de la nature des substituants. La deshydratation de ces intermédiaires produit, à cǒté des thiazoles attendus, des composés de dégradation que nous avons déterminés et isolés dans certains cas. Ces composés sont selon les cas des à mercaptocétones et des thioesters à cétoniques issus de l'hydrolyse de la fonction thioimidate.
Recherches en série triazepine‐1,2,4: 1 ‐ détermination de la structure de la triazolotriazépinone obtenue par action de l'acétylacétate d'éthyle sur le diamino‐3,4 triazole‐1,2,4
Authors: Essassi E. M. , Lavergne J. P. , Viallefont Ph. , Daunis J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractLors de la eondensation de l'acétylacétate d'éthyle avec le diamino‐3,4triazole‐1,2,4 un seul produit est isolé dont la structure méthyl‐6‐dihydro‐8,9(7H)‐s‐triazolo[4,3‐b]triazépine‐1,2,4 one‐8 est déterminée par RMN et par identification de son site de méthylation.
Streponigrin and related compounds. II. Synthesis of the c‐ring precursors
Authors: Rao Koppaka V. , Venkateswarlu P. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSynthesis of the tricyclic analogue 1b of the antitumor antibiotic streptonigrin 1a by the application of Friedlander condensation required a substituted 2‐acetylpyridine (2) as the precursor for the C‐ring. A practical, 8‐step sequence was devised for its synthesis starting from 2,5‐lutidine.
Indoles polycycliques. I. Synthèse de dérivés oxo‐6 du benzo[a]pyrano‐[4,3‐b] indole et de l'indolo[3,2‐c] quinoléine à partir d'acides aryl‐2 indole carboxyliques‐3
Authors: Bourdais Jacques , Lorre Anne 
Published: April 2009

AbstractLes dérivés d'indole tétracycliques du titre ont été préparés respectivement par lactonisation de l'acide méthyl‐1 (hydroxy‐2 phényl)‐2 indole carboxylique‐3 ou réduction cyclisante de l'acide méthyl‐1 (nitro‐2 phényl)‐2 indole carboxylique‐3. L'hydrolyse alcaline des méthyl‐1 aryl‐2 trifluoroacétyl‐3 indoles a permis de préparer ces acides, avec de bons rendements. Cette méthode apparaît générale pour obtenir les acides aryl‐2 indole carboxyliques‐3, à condition que l'azote pyrrolique soit substitué.
A solution of structural ambiguity: s‐Triazolo[1,5‐a] – and s‐triazolo[4.3‐a] pyrimidines
Authors: Novinson Thomas , Okabe Takayuki , Robins Roland K. , Dea Phoebe 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe condensation of 3‐amino‐5‐benzylthio‐s‐triazole (2) with acetylacetone in refluxing acetic acid has been reported to have given 3‐benzylthio‐5,7‐dimethyl‐s‐triazolo[4,3‐a]pyrimidine (3). However, it has now been established, with the aid of 13C spectra and a modification of the original synthetic work, that only 2‐benzylthio‐5,7‐dimethyl‐s‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine (4) can be obtained by this method of condensation. The erroneously reported, but previously unknown 6 was synthesized and its structure and that of 4 was firmly established by ir, uv, pmr,13 C nmr, tlc and mixed melting point data. The correct structures of 3‐mercapto‐5,7‐dimethyl‐s‐triazolo‐[4,3‐a]pyrimidine (5) and 2‐mercapto‐5,7‐dimethyl‐s‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine (6) were also established and the facile rearrangement of 5 to 6 was demonstrated.
New routes to aroylthiadiazolines and arylazothiazoles from phenylglyoxalyl bromide arylhydrazones and phenacyl thiocyanate
Authors: Shawali A. Sami , Abdelhamid A. Osman 
Published: April 2009

AbstractReaction of phenylglyoxalyl bromide arylhydrazones (III) with thiourea in ethanol produces 2‐amino‐4‐phenyl‐5‐arylazothiazoles (XI) instead of the expected 2‐benzoyl‐4‐aryl‐5‐imino‐Δ2−1,3,4‐thiadiazolines (V) obtained from III and potassium thiocyanate. Phenacyl thiocyanate (IV) couples with diazotized anilines to give V. The mechanisms of formation of V and XI from VI and III, respectively, are postulated. Nitrosation of V gives the corresponding N‐nitroso derivatives (VII), which decompose upon refluxing in xylene to give 2,4‐disubstituted Δ2 −1,3,4‐thiadiazolin‐5‐ones (VIII). The thiadiazolines V give the respective N‐aeyl derivatives IX and X with acetic anhydride and benzoyl chloride in pyridine.
The crystal and molecular structure of an unusual49 heterocycle,62 2‐thia‐1,3,5‐triaza‐7‐phosphaadamantane 2,2‐dioxide51
Authors: Delerno J. R. , Trefonas L. M. , Majeste R. J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe crystal and molecular structure of 2‐thia‐1,3,5‐triaza‐7‐phosphaadamantane 2,2‐dioxide (C5H10SPO2N3) has been determined by single crystal x‐ray diffraction techniques. The compound crystallizes in the space group P21/c with four formula weights per unit cell of dimensions a = 6.129 (1) Å, b = 12.440 (2) Å, c = 14.028 (2) Å, β = 127.31 (1)°. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined to a final value of R = 0.079.
Ethylenimine derivatives of some 1,2,4‐triazines
Authors: Keen Brian T. , Krass Dennis K. , Paudler W. W. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe first 3‐ethylenimino‐1,2,4‐triazines (9) have been synthesized from the corresponding 3‐(β‐chloroethyl)amino‐1,2,4‐triazines (8). In addition some 2,3‐dihydroimidazo[1,2‐b]‐1,2,4‐triazines and imidazo[1,2‐b]‐1,2,4‐triazines were obtained. The stability, properties and potential therapeutic value of these compounds are discussed.
New heterocyclic derivatives of 1′‐ and 3′‐amino‐5′,6′,7′,8′‐tetrahydro‐2′‐acetonaphthones
Authors: Prieto Jose , Vega Armando , Moragues Jacinto 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe preparation of 1′‐and 3′‐amino‐5′,6′,7′,8′‐tetrahydro‐2′‐acetonaphthones (IIIa and IIIb) is described, by reduction of the low temperature nitration products of 5′,6′,7′,8′‐tetrahydro‐2′‐acetonaphtone (I). The structures of the nitro isomers (IIa and IIb), and the reduction products, IIIa and IIIb, were elucidated spectroscopically. By known reactions, a series of new heterocyclic compounds prepared from the o‐aminoketones, IIIa and IIIb, resulted in two series of new heterocyclic compounds.