bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3‐butyl‐6‐fluoro‐1 (3H)‐isobenzofuranone, a derivative of dl‐n‐butylphthalide, attenuates hydrogen peroxide‐induced damage in PC12 cells
Authors: Xu Ling , Ji Meng‐Xue , Zhao Na , Ji Bian‐Sheng 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe anti‐cerebral ischemia agent, dl‐3‐n‐butylphthalide (NBP), is effective in models of vascular dementia in animals. The present study investigates the protective effect of 3‐butyl‐6‐fluoro‐1 (3H)‐isobenzofuranone (6‐F‐NBP), a fluoro derivative of dl‐nbutylphthalide, in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐induced damage in PC12 cells. Exposure of PC12 cells to H2O2 for 24 h led to decreased cell survival, glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐PX), and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). In contrast, malondialdehyde (MDA) production, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, nitric oxide (NO) formation, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were increased, as was intracellular accumulation of [Ca2+]i. However, pretreatment with 6‐F‐NBP markedly reversed the changes induced by H2O2, exhibiting a protective effect against H2O2‐induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. The compound may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of cerebral ischemia by inhibiting the oxidative damage. Drug Dev Res 72: 259–264, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Commentary on ‘Asthma and the Environment: Can Asthma Be Prevented?’
Authors: Becker Allan B. , Kozyrskyj Anita L. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Maas T, Kaper J, Sheikh A, Knottnerus JA, Wesseling G, Dompeling E, Muris JWM, van Schayck CP. Mono and multifaceted inhalant and/or food allergen reduction interventions for preventing asthma in children at high risk of developing asthma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD006480. DOI: 10.1002/14 651 858.CD006480.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2010 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentaries on ‘Nebulized hypertonic saline solution for acute bronchiolitis in infants’
Authors: Cunningham Steve , Kuzik Brian A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThese are commentaries on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Zhang L, Mendoza‐Sassi RA, Wainwright C, Klassen TP. Nebulized hypertonic saline solution for acute bronchiolitis in infants. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD006458. DOI: 10.1002/14 651 858.CD006458.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2010 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Cochrane review: Nebulized hypertonic saline solution for acute bronchiolitis in infants
Authors: Zhang Linjie , Mendoza‐Sassi Raúl A , Wainwright Claire , Klassen Terry P 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundAirway edema and mucus plugging are the predominant pathological features in infants with acute viral bronchiolitis. Nebulized hypertonic saline solution may reduce these pathological changes and decrease airway obstruction.ObjectivesTo assess the effects of nebulized hypertonic saline solution in infants with acute viral bronchiolitis.Search strategyWe searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library2007, issue 4), which contains the Cochrane Acute Respiratory Infections Group Specialized Register; OLDMEDLINE (1951 to 1965); MEDLINE (1966 to November 2007); EMBASE (1974 to November 2007); and LILACS (November 2007).Selection criteriaRandomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐RCTs using nebulized hypertonic saline alone or in conjunction with bronchodilators as an active intervention in infants up to 24 months of age with acute bronchiolitis.Data collection and analysisTwo review authors (ZL, MRA) independently performed data extraction and study quality assessment. We pooled the data from individual trials using the Cochrane statistical package Review Manager (RevMan).Main resultsWe included four trials involving 254 infants with acute viral bronchiolitis (189 inpatients and 65 outpatients) in this review. Patients treated with nebulized 3% saline had a significantly shorter mean length of hospital stay compared to those treated with nebulized 0.9% saline (mean difference (MD) ‐0.94 days, 95% CI ‐1.48 to ‐0.40, P = 0.0006). The 3% saline group also had a significantly lower post‐inhalation clinical score than the 0.9% saline group in the first three days of treatment (day 1: MD ‐0.75, 95% CI ‐1.38 to ‐0.12, P = 0.02; day 2: MD ‐1.18, 95% CI ‐1.97 to ‐0.39, P = 0.003; day 3: MD ‐1.28, 95% CI ‐2.57 to 0.00, P = 0.05). The effect of nebulized hypertonic saline in improving clinical score was greater among outpatients than inpatients. No adverse events related to 3% saline inhalation were reported.Authors' conclusionsCurrent evidence suggests nebulized 3% saline may significantly reduce the length of hospital stay and improve the clinical severity score in infants with acute viral bronchiolitis.Plain Language SummaryNebulized hypertonic saline solution for acute bronchiolitis in infantsAcute viral bronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory tract infection in infants, but the standard treatment remains supportive care. This review was conducted to assess the effects of nebulized hypertonic saline, which can increase clearance of mucus, in these patients. Four randomized trials involving 254 infants were included. Analysis of the pooled data suggests that nebulized 3% saline may significantly reduce the length of hospital stay and improve the clinical severity score in infants with acute viral bronchiolitis.There were no adverse effects noted with nebulized hypertonic saline when administered along with bronchodilators.
Facile Synthesis of 1‐(Isoquinolin‐1‐yl)ureas by Silver Triflate Catalyzed Tandem Reactions of 2‐Alkynylbenzaldoximes with Carbodiimides
Authors: Ye Shengqing , Wang Huanhuan , Wu Jie 
Published: October 2010

Abstract2‐Alkynylbenzaldoximes react with carbodiimides under mild conditions and silver triflate catalysis in DMF, leading to a diverse range of 1‐(isoquinolin‐1‐yl)ureas in good to excellent yields. This transformation involves tandem 6‐endo cyclization, [3+2] cycloaddition, and subsequent rearrangement.
An automated instrument for human STR identification: Design, characterization, and experimental validation
Authors: Hurth Cedric , Smith Stanley D. , Nordquist Alan R. , Lenigk Ralf , Duane Brett , Nguyen David , Surve Amol , Hopwood Andrew J. , Estes Matthew D. , Yang Jianing , Cai Zhi , Chen Xiaojia , Lee‐Edghill John G. , Moran Nina , Elliott Keith , Tully Gillian , Zenhausern Frederic 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe microfluidic integration of an entire DNA analysis workflow on a fully integrated miniaturized instrument is reported using lab‐on‐a‐chip automation to perform DNA fingerprinting compatible with CODIS standard relevant to the forensic community. The instrument aims to improve the cost, duration, and ease of use to perform a “sample‐to‐profile” analysis with no need for human intervention. The present publication describes the operation of the three major components of the system: the electronic control components, the microfluidic cartridge and CE microchip, and the optical excitation/detection module. Experimental details are given to characterize the level of performance, stability, reliability, accuracy, and sensitivity of the prototype system. A typical temperature profile from a PCR amplification process and an electropherogram of a commercial size standard (GeneScan 500™, Applied Biosystems) separation are shown to assess the relevance of the instrument to forensic applications. Finally, we present a profile from an automated integrated run where lysed cells from a buccal swab were introduced in the system and no further human intervention was required to complete the analysis.
Cognitive processing of emotions in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Torres Sandra , Guerra Marina Prista , Lencastre Leonor , Roma‐Torres António , Brandão Isabel , Queirós Cristina , Vieira Filipa 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveThis study attempts to explore the cognitive processing of emotions in anorexia nervosa (AN), based on the study of emotions felt and the assessment of meta‐emotional abilities.MethodEighty patients with AN and a control group of 80 healthy female participants were screened for anxiety, depression and alexithymia and completed an experimental task designed to analyse the emotional experience and meta‐emotional abilities.ResultsDespite presenting higher levels of alexithymia, participants with AN demonstrated they were able to imagine emotions in hypothetical situations and to identify and label them. The group of patients with AN revealed feeling more intense and internally based negative emotions in comparison with the control group, but this emotional pattern tends to occur in situations associated with food and weight.ConclusionsFindings on meta‐emotional abilities suggested no global deficit in emotional processing, but rather, specific sensitivities pertaining to situations relevant to AN. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Distribution network costs under different penetration levels of distributed generation
Authors: Cossent Rafael , Olmos Luis , Gómez Tomás , Mateo Carlos , Frías Pablo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractNowadays, the amount of distributed generation (DG) connected to distribution networks is increasing significantly. In a European context, one of the main drivers for this growth is the support of electricity generation from renewable energy sources (RES) and combined heat and power (CHP) plants. Hence, these DG units mostly consist of non‐controllable generation. Distribution is a regulated activity which is, at least, legally and functionally unbundled from the generation activity. These issues, together with the fact that distribution networks were not originally designed to accommodate generation, pose significant challenges on distribution network planning and operation. One of the major concerns of distribution system operators (DSOs) is the impact that large penetration levels of DG may have on distribution network costs. This paper presents a quantification of the impact of DG on distribution network costs in three real distribution areas. Different scenarios of demand and generation have been analysed for each region. Two possible situations are taken into account in each scenario: maximum net demand and maximum net generation. The computation of the distribution network costs was carried out by means of two large‐scale distribution planning models called reference network models (RNMs). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Probabilistic power system stabilizer design with consideration of optimal siting using recursive Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Wang Z. , Chung C.Y. , Wong K.P. , Gan Deqiang , Xue Y. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis paper proposes an approach for the probabilistic power system stabilizer (PSS) design problem with consideration of optimal siting of the PSSs under multiple operating conditions. The design problem is first formulated as a combinational optimization problem which contains discrete and continuous variables. The paper then develops a recursive Genetic Algorithm (GA) to solve the design problem. An integer‐binary mixed coding scheme and a partially matched crossover (PMX) operator are applied for the recursive GA for performance enhancement. The effectiveness of the proposed recursive GA approach for probabilistic PSS design scheme is demonstrated on two test systems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient numerical method for RANS/LES turbulent simulations using subfilter scale stress transport equations
Authors: Chaouat Bruno 
Published: October 2010

SUMMARYWe propose a numerical method for performing hybrid non‐zonal RANS/LES simulations by using a subfilter scale stress transport model in the framework of finite volume technique. The turbulent equations are derived from the new partial integrated transport modeling (PITM) method. The PITM method has been initially developed for devising subfilter energy models based on the viscosity concept (Theoretical Computational Fluid Dynamics 2005; 18:443–468), and has been then extended to subfilter stress models relying on second‐moment closures (Physics of Fluids 2005; 17(6); Int. J. Heat and Fluid Flow 2009; 30:602–616; Theoret. Comput. Fluid Dyn. 2007; 21(3):201–229.). The numerical method put in place is developed in a general framework of large eddy simulations and can be applied to almost all subfilter scale models based on transport equations of subfilter scale turbulent quantities. In this work, we have developed specific numerical schemes for solving the turbulent transport equations of compressible flows including the density, velocity, energy, subfilter scale turbulent stresses and subfilter scale dissipation rate that are strongly coupled together. When performing LES or VLES simulations, this coupling between the motion and turbulent equations poses some numerical problems because the subfilter scale turbulent stresses and dissipation rate are more fluctuating in time and space than in the case of RANS computations, so that a specific numerical treatment has been proposed. In this framework, new implicit iterative algorithms in time are especially developed for solving the unsteady equations of the turbulent energy, stresses and dissipation rate by ensuring the positivity of the normal stresses at each step of the computation. We show that the convective fluxes resulting from the volume technique including the main and turbulent variables can be computed by an approximate Riemann solver using new tensorial operators. The numerical solver is calibrated on the decay of isotropic spectrum and on the well‐known fully turbulent channel flow for assessing the performances of the numerical method. Then, we perform numerical simulations of the turbulent channel flow over periodic hills on coarse and medium grids. This flow encountered in aeronautical applications is of complex physics as it is governed by interacting turbulence mechanisms associated with separation, recirculation and reattachment. As a result, it is found that the proposed numerical method used in conjunction with the subfilter stress model performs fairly well with these turbulent flows on different grids. From a practical point of view, this numerical method can be easily implemented in CFD codes for tackling engineering applications. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Compressible air flow through a collapsing liquid cavity
Authors: Gekle Stephan , Gordillo José Manuel 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe present a multiscale approach to simulate the impact of a solid object on a liquid surface: upon impact a thin liquid sheet is thrown upwards all around the rim of the impactor while in its wake a large surface cavity forms. Under the influence of hydrostatic pressure the cavity immediately starts to collapse and eventually closes in a single point from which a thin, needle‐like jet is ejected. The existing numerical treatments of liquid impact either consider the surrounding air as an incompressible fluid or neglect air effects altogether. In contrast, our approach couples a boundary‐integral method for the liquid with a Roe scheme for the gas domain and is thus able to handle the fully compressible gas stream that is pushed out of the collapsing impact cavity. Taking into account that air compressibility is crucial, since, as we show in this work, the impact crater collapses so violently that the air flow through the cavity neck attains supersonic velocities already at cavity diameters larger than 1 mm. Our computational results are validated through corresponding experimental data. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unsteady flow and heat transfer past an axisymmetric permeable shrinking sheet with radiation effect
Authors: Ali F. M. , Nazar R. , Arifin N. M. , Pop I. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this paper, the problem of unsteady axisymmetric boundary layer flow and heat transfer induced by a permeable shrinking sheet in the presence of radiation effect is studied. The transformed boundary layer equations are solved numerically by an implicit finite‐difference scheme known as the Keller‐box method. The influence of radiation, unsteadiness and mass suction parameters on the reduced skin friction coefficient f′′(0) and the heat transfer coefficient −θ′(0), as well as the velocity and temperature profiles are presented and discussed in detail. It is found that dual solutions exist and suction parameter delays the separation of boundary layer. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical simulation of mass transfer to micropolar fluid flow past a stenosed artery
Authors: Ikbal Md. A. , Chakravarty S. , Sarifuddin  , Mandal P. K. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA mathematical model of unsteady non‐Newtonian blood flow together with the mass transfer through constricted arteries has been developed. The mass transport refers to the movement of atherogenic molecules, i.e. blood‐borne components, such as low‐density lipoproteins from flowing blood into the arterial walls or vice versa. The flowing blood is represented as the suspension of all erythrocytes assumed to be Eringen's micropolar fluid and the arterial wall is considered to be rigid having cosine‐shaped stenosis in its lumen. The mass transfer to blood is controlled by the convection–diffusion equation. The governing equations of motion accompanied by the appropriate choice of the boundary conditions are solved numerically by Marker and Cell method and the results obtained are checked for numerical stability with the desired degree of accuracy. The quantitative analysis carried out finally includes the respective profiles of the flow‐field and the mass concentration along with their distributions over the entire arterial segment as well. The key factors, such as the wall shear stress and Sherwood number, are also examined for further quantitative insight into the flow and the mass transport phenomena through arterial stenosis. The present results show consistency with several existing results in the literature which substantiate sufficiently to validate the applicability of the model under consideration. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal radiation effects on the flow and heat transfer in a liquid film on an unsteady stretching sheet
Authors: Mahmoud Mostafa A. A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe influence of thermal radiation on the flow and heat transfer within Newtonian liquid film over an unsteady stretching sheet with and without thermocapillarity is examined. The governing non‐linear partial differential equations describing the problem are reduced to a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using similarity transformation, which is solved numerically for different values of the thermal radiation parameter and the thermocapillarity parameter. The results show that the dimensionless velocity, the film thickness and the local Nusselt number increase as the thermocapillarity parameter increases, while the free surface temperature decreases with increasing the thermocapillarity parameter. Also, both the dimensionless temperature and the free surface temperature increase and the local Nusselt number decreases as the thermal radiation parameter increases. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simultaneous analysis of gradual and abrupt changes in Canadian low streamflows
Authors: Ehsanzadeh Eghbal , Ouarda Taha B. M. J. , Saley Hadiza M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn most studies, trend detection is performed under the assumption of a monotonic trend. However, natural processes and, in particular, hydro‐climatic variables may not conform to this assumption. This study performs a simultaneous evaluation of gradual and abrupt changes in Canadian low streamflows using a modified Mann–Kendall (MK) trend test and a Bayesian multiple change‐point detection model. Statistical analysis, using the whole record of observation (under a monotonic trend assumption), shows that winter and summer low flows are dominated by upward and downward trends, respectively. Overall, about 20% of low flows are characterized by significant trends, where ∼80% of detected significant trends are upward (downward) for winter (summer) season. Change‐point analysis shows that over 50% of low‐flow time series experienced at least one abrupt change in mean or in direction of trend, of which ∼50% occurred in 1980s with a mode in 1987. Analysis of segmented time series based on a common change‐point date indicates a reduced number of significant trends, which is attributed to first, the change in nonstationarity behaviour of low flows leading to less trend‐type changes in the last few decades; and second, the false detection of trends when the sample data are characterized by shifts in mean. Depending on whether the monotonic trend assumption holds, the on‐site and regional interpretation of results may vary (e.g. winter low flow) or even lead to contradictory conclusions (e.g. summer low flow). Trend analysis of last two decades of streamflows shows that (1) winter low flows are increasing in eastern Canada and southern British Columbia, whereas they are decreasing in western Canada; (2) summer low flows are increasing in central Canada, southern British Columbia and Newfoundland, whereas they are decreasing in Yukon and northern British Columbia and also in eastern Ontario and Quebec. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improvement of the solute transfer in a conceptual unsaturated zone scheme: a case study of the Seine River basin
Authors: Philippe Elodie , Habets Florence , Ledoux Emmanuel , Goblet Patrick , Viennot Pascal , Mary Bruno 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFor predicting the evolution of solute concentrations in groundwater and testing the impact of remediation policies, a coupling between the agronomical model STICS and the hydrogeological model MODCOU was implemented. When applied to the Seine River basin, this model accurately represents the temporal evolution of average nitrate concentrations in the aquifer, but with large local errors.We propose an improvement to the simple unsaturated zone (UZ) scheme NonsatSW used in STICS–MODCOU. The modifications are based on a comparison with the mechanistic model Metis considered as a reference as it solves Richards' equation. A more realistic saturation profile and a varying percolation rate are integrated in NonsatSW. This new model, named NonsatVG, is assessed by comparing it with NonsatSW and Metis. In an ideal case, NonsatVG generates a solute transfer and a dispersion closer to that of Metis than of NonsatSW. In real cases, without additional calibration, NonsatVG and Metis simulate better the average transfer velocities of the observed nitrate profiles.Furthermore, modifications in NonsatVG give a direct relationship between the depth of the water table and the saturation profile. We obtain, therefore, as in Metis, an evolution of the solute transfer velocity depending on the piezometric level. These dynamics are not simulated in NonsatSW.Despite a modified water transfer through the UZ, NonsatVG is also as valid as NonsatSW in the modelling of water transfer to the saturated zone.Finally, an application to the Seine basin shows that solute transfer velocities are lower with NonsatVG than with NonsatSW, but are in better agreement with literature. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.