bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antagonism of the antithrombotic and anti‐atherosclerotic actions of aspirin by rofecoxib in the cholesterol‐fed rabbit
Authors: Kaber G , Kaiser B , Baumgärtel‐Allekotte D , Rauch BH , Noßmann S , Heim KH , Weber AA , Nagy N , Fischer JW , Schrör K 
Published: April 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Most patients at elevated cardiovascular risk receive long‐term aspirin (ASA) anti‐platelet treatment. The present study specifically addresses the pharmacological interactions between selective COX‐2 inhibitors and ASA and the possible consequences for the thrombotic risk during long‐term treatment.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH New Zealand white rabbits were fed a standard laboratory diet supplemented with 1% cholesterol (CON) for 12 weeks. Age‐matched control rabbits were fed the same standard diet without addition of cholesterol (SD). Rabbits were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: rofecoxib (ROFE, 25 mg·kg−1, bid), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, 5 mg·kg−1, bid) or a combination of both (ASA + ROFE). At the end of the feeding period, the severity of atherosclerotic plaque formation was assessed in the aorta. Thrombus formation was assessed in the left carotid artery using a modified Folts procedure.KEY RESULTS Treatment of cholesterol‐fed rabbits with ASA significantly reduced plaque formation. This reduction in lesion size was not observed in animals treated with the combination of rofecoxib and ASA. In the modified Folts model, treatment with either rofecoxib or ASA increased the total blood flow above that of untreated animals. This increase was statistically significant in the case of ASA, while cotreatment with rofecoxib abolished this ASA effect completely and reduced the total flow rate to the levels seen in untreated hypercholesterolaemic controls.CONCLUSIONS COX‐2 inhibition by rofecoxib attenuates the antithrombotic and anti‐atherosclerotic effects of ASA during long‐term treatment in cholesterol‐fed rabbits.
The endocannabinoid system as a key mediator during liver diseases: new insights and therapeutic openings
Authors: Mallat A , Teixeira‐Clerc F , Deveaux V , Manin S , Lotersztajn S 
Published: April 2011

Chronic liver diseases represent a major health problem due to cirrhosis and its complications. During the last decade, endocannabinoids and their receptors have emerged as major regulators of several pathophysiological aspects associated with chronic liver disease progression. Hence, hepatic cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) receptors display beneficial effects on alcoholic fatty liver, hepatic inflammation, liver injury, regeneration and fibrosis. Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) receptors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several lesions such as alcoholic and metabolic steatosis, liver fibrogenesis, or circulatory failure associated with cirrhosis. Although the development of CB1 antagonists has recently been suspended due to the high incidence of central side effects, preliminary preclinical data obtained with peripherally restricted CB1 antagonists give real hopes in the development of active CB1 molecules devoid of central adverse effects. CB2‐selective molecules may also offer novel perspectives for the treatment of liver diseases, and their clinical development is clearly awaited. Whether combined treatment with a peripherally restricted CB1 antagonist and a CB2 agonist might result in an increased therapeutic potential will warrant further investigation.LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed issue on Cannabinoids in Biology and Medicine. To view the other articles in this issue visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2011.163.issue‐7
Natriuretic peptide receptor‐3 underpins the disparate regulation of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by C‐type natriuretic peptide
Authors: Khambata Rayomand S , Panayiotou Catherine M , Hobbs Adrian J 
Published: April 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE C‐type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is an endothelium‐derived vasorelaxant, exerting anti‐atherogenic actions in the vasculature and salvaging the myocardium from ischaemic injury. The cytoprotective effects of CNP are mediated in part via the Gi‐coupled natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR)3. As GPCRs are well‐known to control cell proliferation, we investigated if NPR3 activation underlies effects of CNP on endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell mitogenesis.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RAoSMC) and endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells from NPR3 knockout (KO) mice was investigated in vitro.KEY RESULTS CNP (1 pM–1 µM) facilitated HUVEC proliferation and inhibited RAoSMC growth concentration‐dependently. The pro‐ and anti‐mitogenic effects of CNP were blocked by the NPR3 antagonist M372049 (10 µM) and the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 inhibitor PD98059 (30 µM) and were absent in cells from NPR3 KO mice. Activation of ERK 1/2 by CNP was inhibited by Pertussis toxin (100 ng·mL−1) and M372049 (10 µM). In HUVEC, ERK 1/2 activation enhanced expression of the cell cycle promoter, cyclin D1, whereas in RAoSMC, ERK 1/2 activation increased expression of the cell cycle inhibitors p21waf1/cip1 and p27kip1.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS A facet of the vasoprotective profile of CNP is mediated via NPR3‐dependent ERK 1/2 phosphorylation, resulting in augmented endothelial cell proliferation and inhibition of vascular smooth muscle growth. This pathway may offer an innovative approach to reversing the endothelial damage and vascular smooth muscle hyperplasia that characterize many vascular disorders.
Endogenous peptide YY and neuropeptide Y inhibit colonic ion transport, contractility and transit differentially via Y1 and Y2 receptors
Authors: Tough IR , Forbes S , Tolhurst R , Ellis M , Herzog H , Bornstein JC , Cox HM 
Published: April 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Peptide YY (PYY) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) activate Y receptors, targets under consideration as treatments for diarrhoea and other intestinal disorders. We investigated the gastrointestinal consequences of selective PYY or NPY ablation on mucosal ion transport, smooth muscle activity and transit using wild‐type, single and double peptide knockout mice, comparing mucosal responses with those from human colon.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mucosae were pretreated with a Y1 (BIBO3304) or Y2 (BIIE0246) receptor antagonist and changes in short‐circuit current recorded. Colonic transit and colonic migrating motor complexes (CMMCs) were assessed in vitro and upper gastrointestinal and colonic transit measured in vivo.KEY RESULTS Y receptor antagonists revealed tonic Y1 and Y2 receptor‐mediated antisecretory effects in human and wild‐type mouse colon mucosae. In both, Y1 tone was epithelial while Y2 tone was neuronal. Y1 tone was reduced 90% in PYY−/− mucosa but unchanged in NPY−/− tissue. Y2 tone was partially reduced in NPY−/− or PYY−/− mucosae and abolished in tetrodotoxin‐pretreated PYY−/− tissue. Y1 and Y2 tone were absent in NPYPYY−/− tissue. Colonic transit was inhibited by Y1 blockade and increased by Y2 antagonism indicating tonic Y1 excitation and Y2 inhibition respectively. Upper GI transit was increased in PYY−/− mice only. Y2 blockade reduced CMMC frequency in isolated mouse colon.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Endogenous PYY and NPY induced significant mucosal antisecretory tone mediated by Y1 and Y2 receptors, via similar mechanisms in human and mouse colon mucosa. Both peptides contributed to tonic Y2‐receptor‐mediated inhibition of colonic transit in vitro but only PYY attenuated upper GI transit.
Numerical Simulation of the Flow Field Within the Aortic Arch During Cardiac Assist
Authors: Filipovic Nenad , Schima Heinrich 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn recent years, artificial heart devices have been implanted in a considerable number of patients with terminal cardiac failure for bridge to transplantation and even destination therapy. These devices provide either pulsatile or continuous blood flow. To determine eventual physiological effects of these different types of flow on the aorta, a computational fluid dynamics model of the aorta and its thoracic branches was implemented. Pulsatile and continuous flow fields were calculated by implementing a comprehensive computational framework with a stabilized finite element method. The computed results revealed that the pulsatile pump support results in a lower mean shear stress and higher oscillatory shear stress index than the continuous pump support. The flow patterns for the pulsatile pump support above the closed aortic valves show a similar washout as for the continuous pump support. In summary, from the flow pattern simulation there was no particular preference for either pulsatile or continuous devices.
The Long‐Term Effect of Insomnia on Primary Headaches: A Prospective Population‐Based Cohort Study (HUNT‐2 and HUNT‐3)
Authors: Ødegård Siv S. , Sand Trond , Engstrøm Morten , Stovner Lars J. , Zwart John‐Anker , Hagen Knut 
Published: April 2011

(Headache 2011;51:570‐580)Objective.— Few prospective studies have evaluated the relationship between insomnia and headache. We aimed to analyze the influence of insomnia at baseline on the risk for headache 11 years later.Methods.— This longitudinal cohort study included subjects who participated in 2 consecutive surveys of the Nord‐Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT‐2 and HUNT‐3). Among the invited individuals aged 20 years or more in HUNT‐2 (n = 92,566) and HUNT‐3 (n = 94,194), a total of 26,197 completed the headache section of both surveys. A proxy insomnia diagnosis based on DSM‐IV at baseline and ICDH‐2‐based headache diagnoses at follow‐up were derived from questionnaires. Headache‐free individuals in HUNT‐2 (n = 15,268) were selected for analysis. The relative risks (RRs) for headache in insomniacs were calculated with logistic regression.Results.— The presence of baseline insomnia was associated with a 40% increased risk for headache in HUNT‐3 (RR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.2‐1.7). Similar results were found for tension‐type headache (TTH), migraine, and non‐classified headache. Subjects with insomnia‐related working disability had a 60% increased headache risk (RR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.3‐2.1). The RR was larger for migraine (RR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.3‐3.1) than for TTH (RR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1‐2.1). Insomnia at baseline was related to headache frequency at follow‐up for both migraine (P trend = 0.02) and TTH (P trend < 0.001).Conclusion.— In headache‐free subjects, insomnia was associated with an increased risk of headache 11 years later. The association was particularly strong for chronic headache.
Calcitonin Gene‐Related Peptide Does Not Cause Migraine Attacks in Patients With Familial Hemiplegic Migraine
Authors: Hansen Jakob M. , Thomsen Lise L. , Olesen Jes , Ashina Messoud 
Published: April 2011

(Headache 2011;51:544‐553)Background.— Calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) is a key molecule in migraine pathogenesis. Intravenous CGRP triggers migraine‐like attacks in patients with migraine with aura and without aura. In contrast, patients with familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) with known mutations did not report more migraine‐like attacks compared to controls. Whether CGRP triggers migraine‐like attacks in FHM patients without known mutations is unknown.Objective.— In the present study we therefore examined the migraine‐inducing effect of CGRP in FHM patients without known mutations and healthy controls.Methods and design.— Eleven patients suffering from FHM without known mutations and 11 controls received an intravenous infusion of 1.5 µg/minute CGRP over 20 minutes. The study design was a balanced and controlled provocation study. Headache and other migraine symptoms were scored for 1 hour and self‐recorded hourly thereafter until 13‐hour postinfusion.Results.— We found no difference in the incidence of migraine‐like attacks between the 2 groups, with 9% (1 of 11) of patients and 0% (0 of 10) of controls reporting migraine‐like headache (P = 1.00). CGRP infusion did not induce aura symptoms in any of the participants. There was no difference in the incidence of CGRP‐induced delayed headaches between the groups (P = .18).Conclusion.— In contrast to patients suffering from migraine with aura and without aura, CGRP infusion did not induce more migraine‐like attacks in FHM patients without known mutations compared to controls. It seems that the majority of FHM patients with and without known mutation display no sensitivity to CGRP signaling compared to common types of migraine.
Management of Mass Casualty Events: The Israeli Experience
Authors: Admi Hanna , Eilon Yael , Hyams Gila , Utitz Liora 
Published: April 2011

Abstract Purpose: Among all the emergency scenarios, the most common medical emergency event in Israel is the conventional mass casualty event (MCE). This article describes the Israeli model of emergency preparedness and management at the national level, step‐by‐step emergency management at the hospital level, and nursing roles in emergency events. Setting: Israel has a unique national and local model of organizing and managing an emergency event, characterized by a central national organization that is responsible for emergency policy, management, coordination, quality control, and ongoing improvement. Conclusions: Well‐planned emergency preparedness training for a multidisciplinary staff is crucial. Nurses play significant roles both clinically and managerially in leading and organizing emergency events on all levels. Clinical Relevance: Lessons gained from the special model of management of MCEs in Israel, particularly regarding unique nursing roles, may be considered for applicability in other countries.
Evaluation and management of nonsyndromic craniosynostosis
Authors: Ursitti F , Fadda T , Papetti L , Pagnoni M , Nicita F , Iannetti G , Spalice A 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCraniosynostosis (craniostenosis) is premature fusion of the sutures of the cranial vault. Several factors can affect the growth of the cranial vault during embryonic life and after birth, leading to different types of craniosynostosis; these can be classified on the basis of the specific sutures that are fused. Prognosis is improved by early diagnosis, and it is important to establish the correct approach to these patients on the basis of clinical and neuroradiological investigation. The first priority is to identify the type of craniosynostosis and to distinguish between the types that require surgical intervention and those that do not. We report on the different forms of nonsyndromic craniosynostosis, their clinical and neuroradiological diagnoses, and surgical strategies.Conclusion:  The aim of this review is to provide to paediatricians a correct diagnostic approach and management of children affected from nonsyndromic craniosynostosis, for which a careful physical, ophthalmological and neurological examination is fundamental, whereas brain Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are necessary for patients in which the diagnosis is uncertain or for cases of syndromic craniosynostosis.
Home blood pressure in children and adolescents: a comparison with office and ambulatory blood pressure measurements
Authors: Salgado Cláudia Maria , Jardim Paulo César Brandão Veiga , Viana Jackeline Karoline Brito , Jardim Thiago de Souza Veiga , Velasquez Paola Patrícia Castillo 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAim:  To compare BP measurements of children and adolescents using different methods office BP (OBP), ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) and home BP measurement (HBPM) and to study their correlations.Method:  Individuals were evaluated between 5 and 15 years of age who had been referred because of a previous high BP. OBP was measured with the OMRON‐705CP. Three measurements were carried out at 5‐min intervals. HBPM were taken using the same device, two measurements at 5‐min intervals in the morning and in the evening during 7 days. ABPM was performed using the SpaceLabs 90207 monitors.Results:  A total of 109 children and adolescents were evaluated (9.82 ± 2.63 years), 52.3% boys, 56.9% non‐white. The office systolic BP (SBP) was lower than in daytime ABPM (p < 0.001) but similar HBPM (p = 0.294), and the office diastolic BP (DBP) was lower than daytime ABPM (p < 0.001) and in HBPM (p = 0.035). The SBP and DBP at HBPM was lower than daytime ABPM (p < 0.001). Daytime ambulatory BP was more closely associated with home readings (SBP r = 0.731 and DBP r = 0.616) than with office’s readings (SBP r = 0.653 and DBP r = 0.394).Conclusion:  The BP of children and adolescents varies depending on the place and manner of measurement. ABPM presents better correlation with HBPM than with the office measurements.
Estimated absorbance spectra of the visual pigments of the North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis)
Authors: Fasick Jeffry I. , Bischoff Nicole , Brennan Stephanie , Velasquez Stephani , Andrade Gisele 
Published: April 2011

AbstractTo assess the spectral sensitivities of the retinal visual pigments from the North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis), we have cloned and sequenced two exons from the rod opsin gene and two exons from the middle‐wavelength sensitive (MWS) cone opsin gene in order to determine the amino acids at positions known to be key regulators of the spectral location of the absorbance maximum (λmax). Based on previous mutagenesis models we estimate that the right whale possesses a rod visual pigment with a λmax of 499 nm and a MWS cone visual pigment with a λmax of 524 nm. Although the MWS cone visual pigment from the right whale is blue‐shifted in its spectral sensitivity like those from odontocetes, the spectral sensitivity of the right whale rod visual pigment is similar to those from terrestrial mammals.
The Practitioner–Researcher Divide in Psychological Negotiation Research: Current State and Future Perspective
Authors: Hüffmeier Joachim , Krumm Stefan , Hertel Guido 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis conceptual paper discusses the extent to which psychological negotiation research suffers from a practitioner–researcher divide. We conclude from an analysis of the various activities that negotiation researchers engage in, that this research has its strengths in the knowledge transfer domain, but is not yet sufficiently tuned to produce practically relevant knowledge. Based on this analysis, indicators are developed that help to monitor the progress of psychological negotiation research in producing such knowledge. Among the suggested indicators are the balance between real‐world phenomena and theory‐driven research questions, the amount and continuity of direct communication between practitioners and researchers, and the relative number of studies that validate laboratory findings through the inclusion of multiple dependent variables as a standard approach. Further indicators focus on the relative amount of replication studies with professional negotiators, in field studies, and under situational conditions that are both practically relevant and challenging.
Colour Doppler ultrasound imaging findings in paediatric periocular and orbital haemangiomas
Authors: Spierer Oriel , Neudorfer Meira , Leibovitch Igal , Stolovitch Chaim , Kessler Ada 
Published: April 2011

Abstract.Purpose:  To evaluate the combined grey‐scale ultrasonography (US) and colour Doppler imaging (CDI) as the first and primary imaging modalities in diagnosing paediatric orbital haemangiomas.Methods:  The charts of 20 consecutive children with a periorbital mass echographically diagnosed as a haemangioma between January 2004 and June 2009 in the Tel‐Aviv Sourasky Medical Center were reviewed. Data on demographic details, clinical findings, US and CDI characteristics, treatment and outcome were retrieved.Results:  Twelve (60%) haemangiomas were located on the upper eyelid, five in the lower eyelid (25%) and three in the medial cantus (15%). The tumour resolved completely in 10 children (50%) and in 10 children (50%) partial resolution was documented. Seven (35%) patients underwent treatment (intralesional or oral steroids or propranolol). Grey‐scale US depicted a solid‐tissue mass with low internal echogenicity. Mean haemangioma volume was 1.33 cm3. Colour Doppler imaging demonstrated intralesional flow with a mean peak systolic velocity of 15.2 cm per second and a mean resistance index of 0.51. All US and CDI examinations were carried out on alert children and no sedation or general anaesthesia was needed. During mean follow‐up time of 23 months, no child required any additional imaging or diagnostic procedures to confirm the diagnosis.Conclusion:  Combined US and CDI are suggested as the first imaging modalities in cases with a suspected diagnosis of periocular and orbital capillary haemangioma.
Statin Myopathy: A Lipid Clinic Experience on the Tolerability of Statin Rechallenge
Authors: Fung En C. , Crook Martin A. 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYIntroduction: Statin myopathy is a generally encountered side effect of statin usage. Both muscle symptoms and a raised serum creatine kinase (CK) are used in case definition, but these are common manifestations of other conditions, which may not be statin related. Statin rechallenge assuming no contraindication in selected cases is an option before considering a different class of lipid‐lowering agent. Aims: We aim to characterize retrospectively the patients referred to our Lipid Clinic with a diagnosis of statin myopathy. The tolerability of different statins was assessed to determine a strategy for rechallenging statins in such patients in the future. Results: Patients with statin myopathy constitute 10.2% of our Lipid Clinic workload. They are predominantly female (62.0%), Caucasian (63.9%), with a mean age of 58.3 years and mean body mass index (BMI) of 29.3 kg/m2. The serum CK and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were statistically higher compared to patients with statin intolerances with no muscular component or CK elevations. Secondary causes of statin myopathy were implicated in 2.7% of cases. Following statin myopathy to simvastatin we found no statistical difference between the tolerability rates between atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, pravastatin, and fluvastatin. Fibrates, cholestyramine, and ezetimibe were statistically better tolerated in these patients. Conclusions: Statin rechallenge is a real treatment option in patients with statin myopathy. Detailed history and examination is required to exclude muscle diseases unrelated to statin usage. In patients developing statin myopathy on simvastatin, we did not find any statistical difference between subsequent tolerability rates to rosuvastatin, pravastatin, and fluvastatin.
Ginsenoside Re: Pharmacological Effects on Cardiovascular System
Authors: Peng Lu , Sun Shi , Xie Lai‐Hua , Wicks Sheila M. , Xie Jing‐Tian 
Published: April 2011

SummaryGinsenosides are the bioactive constituents of ginseng, a key herb in traditional Chinese medicine. As a single component of ginseng, ginsenoside Re (G‐Re) belongs to the panaxatriol group. Many reports demonstrated that G‐Re possesses the multifaceted beneficial pharmacological effects on cardiovascular system. G‐Re has negative effect on cardiac contractility and autorhythmicity. It causes alternations in cardiac electrophysiological properties, which may account for its antiarrhythmic effect. In addition, G‐Re also exerts antiischemic effect and induces angiogenic regeneration. In this review, we first outline the chemistry and the pharmacological effects of G‐Re on the cardiovascular system.