bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation Exercises in Police Education, Why and How? A Teacher's Perspective
Authors: Sjöberg David 
Published: June 2024

Context: This study is about the teaching method of simulation exercises and is set in a police education context. Simulation exercises are a central part of Swedish police education, and therefore it is of interest to explore how they are used, and for what purpose, by investigating police teachers' perceptions of this teaching and learning method. Police teachers are police officers who work as teachers at a police education unit on contracts lasting a few years, but which can be extended, and they usually lack any formal pedagogical training.
Approach: In this study, the exploration of the use of simulation exercises was conducted through an inductive approach which included semi-structured interviews with 12 police teachers. The analysis was carried out in several steps. To promote impartiality in the initial data analysis the researcher first stayed close to the data and connection with the findings of previous studies was only considered in the latter stages of this analytic process.
Findings: The findings show that the police teachers perceive that the overall purpose of simulation exercises is for students to apply specific content taught in courses, both physical techniques and methods, and more theoretical knowledge, in the fluid context of scenarios relevant to police work. The results also show that the teachers are aware that the purpose of the exercises is stated in the planning documents, but because they inherit the designs from previous teachers, they may not be aware of the underlying details of it or what is to be achieved in the scenario. The findings also demonstrate that the teachers learn the craft of designing and performing simulation exercises and develop their roles as teachers through an informal workplace learning process that involves tacit knowledge developed through working together, and by talking to and observing each other.
Conclusion: The paper contributes to the field of simulation exercises in vocational (higher) education in that the findings can provide educated arguments for the need for scholarly discussions on simulation exercises as a pedagogical tool that supports student learning, as well as arguments for why formal pedagogically-oriented continuing education on the design and implementation of simulation exercises where learning is in the foreground may be needed to support police teachers' professional development.
Evaluation of copromicroscopy, multiplex-qPCR and antibody serology for monitoring of human ascariasis in endemic settings
Authors: Mugo Robert M. , Rausch Sebastian , Musimbi Zaneta D. , Strube Christina , Raulf Marie-Kristin , Landt Olfert , Gichuki Paul M. , Ebner Friederike , Mwacharo Jedidah , Odiere Maurice R. , Ndungu Francis M. , Njomo Doris W. , Hartmann Susanne 
Published: June 2024

Background
The standard diagnosis of Ascaris lumbricoides and other soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections relies on the detection of worm eggs by copromicroscopy. However, this method is dependent on worm patency and shows only limited accuracy in low-intensity infection settings. We aimed to decipher the diagnostic accuracy of different antibodies using various Ascaris antigens in reference to copromicroscopy and quantitative PCR (qPCR), four months after national STH preventative chemotherapy among school children in western Kenya.

Methodology
STH infection status of 390 school children was evaluated via copromicroscopy (Kato-Katz and mini-FLOTAC) and qPCR. In parallel, Ascaris-specific antibody profiles against larval and adult worm lysates, and adult worm excretory-secretory (ES) products were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antibody cross-reactivity was evaluated using the closely related zoonotic roundworm species Toxocara cati and Toxocara canis. The diagnostic accuracy of each antibody was evaluated using receiver operating curve analysis and the correspondent area under the curve (AUC).

Principal findings
Ascaris was the predominant helminth infection with an overall prevalence of 14.9% (58/390). The sensitivity of mini-FLOTAC and Kato-Katz for Ascaris diagnosis reached only 53.5% and 63.8%, respectively compared to qPCR. Although being more sensitive, qPCR values correlated with microscopic egg counts (R = -0.71, P<0.001), in contrast to antibody levels. Strikingly, IgG antibodies recognizing the ES products of adult Ascaris worms reliably diagnosed active Ascaris infection as determined by qPCR and microscopy, with IgG1 displaying the highest accuracy (AUC = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.75–0.91).

Conclusion
IgG1 antibody responses against adult Ascaris-ES products hold a promising potential for complementing the standard fecal and molecular techniques employed for monitoring Ascaris infections. This is of particular importance in the context of deworming programs as the antibody diagnostic accuracy was independent of egg counts.
Functioning and quality of life among treatment-engaged adults with psychotic disorders in urban Tanzania: Baseline results from the KUPAA clinical trial
Authors: Egger Joseph R. , Kaaya Sylvia , Swai Praxeda , Lawala Paul , Ndelwa Liness , Temu Joseph , Bukuku Eliasa Swata , Lukens Ellen , Susser Ezra , Dixon Lisa , Minja Anna , Clari Rosarito , Martinez Alyssa , Headley Jennifer , Baumgartner Joy Noel 
Published: June 2024

Background
There is a treatment gap for those living with severe mental illnesses in low- and middle-income countries, yet not enough is known about those who are currently accessing clinical services. A better understanding of potentially modifiable factors associated with functioning and quality of life will help inform policies and programming.

Aims
To describe the functioning and quality of life for a psychiatric treatment-engaged population living with psychotic disorders in two urban areas of Tanzania, and to explore their respective correlates.

Methods
This study analyzed cross-sectional data from 66 individuals enrolled in the Kuwezeshana Kupata Uzima (KUPAA) pilot clinical trial who had a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, recent relapse, and who were receiving outpatient treatment. Baseline functioning (WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0) and quality of life (WHO Quality of Life BREF scale) were measured. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses were conducted to determine correlates of functioning and quality of life.

Results
Adjusted analyses indicated that higher disability was associated with higher food insecurity, more symptomatology, more self-stigma, less instrumental support, less hope, lower self-efficacy, and/or lower levels of family functioning. Higher quality of life was associated with higher levels of self-efficacy, more hopefulness, more instrumental support, less self-stigma, and better family functioning.

Conclusions
Identification of factors associated with disability and quality of life can help clinicians and policymakers, as well as consumers of mental health services, to better co-design and target psychosocial interventions to optimize their impact in low-resource settings.

Trial registration
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov # NCT04013932, July 10, 2019.
Regulatory problems and associated factors among infants in Arba Minch health and demographic surveillance system sites, southern Ethiopia
Authors: Bante Agegnehu , Ayele Gistane , Alamirew Birhanu , Ahmed Muluken 
Published: June 2024

Introduction
Infant regulatory problems are a common source of concern for parents, and they increase the risk of impaired infant-caregiver bonding. Despite their impact, they are often overlooked in Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of infant regulatory problems in Arba Minch Health and Demographic Surveillance System sites in southern Ethiopia.

Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 451 mother-infant pairs from February 15 to March 15, 2022. Regulatory problems were assessed using diagnostic interviews for regulatory problems. The data was collected using an open data kit Android application and analyzed with Stata version 17.0. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were computed to identify factors associated with each infant regulatory problem. Statistical significance was declared at a p-value < 0.05.

Results
In this study, four hundred forty-nine mother-infant pairs were involved, with a response rate of 99.5%. The prevalence of excessive crying, feeding problems, and sleeping difficulties was 14.03% [95% CI: 10.95, 17.59], 20.04% [95% CI: 16.44, 24.05], and 13.59% [95% CI: 10.55, 17.11], respectively. Attending primary education (AOR: 2.54, 95% CI: 1.22, 5.32), high perceived social support (AOR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.89), feeding problems (AOR: 5.0, 95% CI: 2.65, 9.45), and depression, anxiety, and stress (DAS) symptoms (AOR: 2.67, 95% CI: 1.19, 5.98) were associated with excessive crying. In addition, a family size of above five (AOR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.03, 3.22), excessive crying (AOR: 3.76, 95% CI: 1.85, 7.65), sleeping problems (AOR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.13, 4.65), comorbid DAS symptoms (AOR: 3.42, 95% CI: 1.64, 7.11), alcohol abuse (AOR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.04, 3.42), and late initiation of complementary feeding (AOR: 2.67, 95% CI: 1.22, 5.88) were associated with feeding problems. Furthermore, attending primary education (AOR: 2.35, 95% CI: 1.16, 4.77), feeding problems (AOR: 3.47, 95% CI: 1.86, 6.48), and comorbid DAS symptoms (AOR: 3.23, 95% CI: 1.53, 6.84) were associated with sleeping problems.

Conclusions
Approximately one-third of infants encountered at least one regulatory problem. Level of education, perceived social support, feeding problems, and DAS symptoms were associated with excessive crying. Large family sizes, excessive crying, sleeping problems, comorbid DAS symptoms, alcohol abuse and, late initiation of complementary feeding increase the likelihood of feeding problems. Moreover, attending primary education, feeding problems, and comorbid DAS symptoms increase the odds of sleeping problems. Continuous guidance and support on infant soothing techniques, cognitive and behavioral therapy, and counselling on appropriate coping strategies for postpartum women are imperative to reduce the burden of infant regulatory problems.
Evaluation of serum MIP-1β and MCP-2 levels in major depressive disorder: A case-control study
Authors: Akter Mariya , Roknuzzaman A. S. M. , Shahriar Mohammad , Islam Sardar Mohammad Ashraful , Ahmed Bhuiyan Mohiuddin , Qusar M. M. A. Shalahuddin , Kabir Eva Rahman , Islam Rabiul 
Published: June 2024

Background
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common and debilitating mental illness characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest in daily activities. The objective of this study was to investigate whether levels of macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β) and macrophage chemoattractant protein-2 (MCP-2) in the blood were associated with the pathophysiology and development of MDD compared to healthy controls (HCs).

Methods
This case-control study was conducted involving 50 MDD patients and 38 HCs. We performed a comprehensive assessment to match age, sex, BMI, and socio-demographic profile between the groups. The study excluded participants with chronic infection, inflammatory diseases, coexisting psychiatric disorder, history of liver and kidney diseases, and individuals who are under antipsychotic medications. A professional psychiatrist diagnosed MDD patients and evaluated HCs based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5) criteria. The severity of depression was assessed using the Hamilton Depression (Ham-D) rating scale. Commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to quantify the serum MIP-1β and MCP-2 levels.

Results
The results indicated elevated serum MIP-1β levels (207.73±24.24 pg/ml) in MDD patients compared to HCs (58.77±9.14 pg/ml). This difference in concentration is positively correlated with severity of disease symptoms (r = 0.451; p<0.001). Similarly, the levels of MCP-2 were found to be elevated in patients compared to controls (143.61±19.92 vs. 56.84±4.02 pg/ml; p = 0.003), with a positive correlation with the Ham-D scores (r = 0.373; p = 0.004).

Conclusion
According to this study, elevated levels of MIP-1β and MCP-2 may be associated with the pathophysiology and development of MDD. These increased serum MIP-1β and MCP-2 levels could be used as risk assessment tools for MDD. The present findings urge further research and the development of therapeutic and diagnostic approaches for depression.
Sakrament pokuty i pojednania w Kościele rzymskokatolickim i greckokatolickim Kościele Metropolitalnym sui iuris na Słowacji – jedność w różnorodności
Authors: Gwoździewicz Tomasz 
Published: June 2024

Sakrament pokuty i pojednania w istotny sposób wpływa na życie religijne oraz formację moralną wiernych Kościołów: rzymskokatolickiego i greckokatolickiego Kościoła Metropolitalnego sui iuris na Słowacji. W artykule zostały ukazane cechy wspólne, a także różnice w rozumieniu sakramentu pokuty w tych wspólnotach. Przyjęta perspektywa badawcza oraz zastosowane metody analizy i syntezy, pozwoliły na ukazanie różnych akcentów, które dostrzegalne są w rozumieniu sakramentu pokuty w tradycji zachodniej i tradycji wschodniej. Kościół zachodni podkreśla sądowniczy wymiar spowiedzi, zaś wschód akcentuje jej leczniczy charakter, co uwidacznia się w celebracji sakramentu. Istotna kwestia dotyczy także trudności w odniesieniu do rozgrzeszenia grzechu przerywania ciąży w spowiedzi międzyobrzędowej, która to kwestia zmieniła swoje rozumienie wraz z przeżywanym w Kościele Rokiem Miłosierdzia.
W stronę współczesnej interpretacji teologicznej początków ludzkości oraz grzechu pierworodnego
Authors: Witała Maciej 
Published: June 2024

Konfrontacja teologicznych zagadnień stworzenia człowieka i jego upadku z empiryczną wizją antropogenezy i pradziejów ludzkości jest źródłem poważnych trudności. Aby na nie odpowiedzieć, podjęto badania nad możliwością sformułowania integralnej narracji protologicznej w zakresie kluczowych problemów antropologii teologicznej. W niniejszym tekście syntetycznie zaprezentowano częściowe wyniki tych badań. Interdyscyplinarna analiza danych teologicznych i z nauk szczegółowych, takich jak paleoantropologia i archeologia pradziejowa, umożliwiła zaproponowanie narracji teologiczno-empirycznej, w której podstawowe postulaty chrześcijańskiej antropologii teologicznej przedstawione zostały w sposób niesprzeczny ze stanowiskiem nauk empirycznych.
The Historical and Theoretical Background of Veritatis Splendor
Authors: Kampowski Stephan 
Published: June 2024

Niniejszy artykuł analizuje historyczne i teoretyczne tło Veritatis splendor, encykliki Jana Pawła II poświęconej w szczególności fundamentom teologii moralnej. Wraz z reformami Soboru Trydenckiego, teologia moralna przybrała prawniczy obrót, będąc rozumiana przede wszystkim jako dyscyplina dla spowiedników. Pod koniec XIX i na początku XX wieku wynikająca z tego tradycja manualistyczna była coraz częściej postrzegana jako nieadekwatna i niezdolna, by przemawiać do ludzi. W tym samym czasie dwie wojny światowe dały impuls ﬁlozoﬁcznemu ruchowi egzystencjalizmu. Poprzez etykę sytuacyjną niektóre tendencje myśli egzystencjalistycznej znalazły drogę do teologii moralnej. Pius XII dostrzegł potrzebę zareagowania na ten rozwój. Sobór Watykański II został uznany za okazję do nowej prezentacji teologii moralnej, która przezwyciężyłaby ograniczenia manualizmu i poświęciła więcej uwagi kwestiom sumienia, wykorzystaniu Pisma Świętego i naciskowi na fakt bycia uczniem Chrystusa. Ojcowie odrzucili jako nieadekwatny projekt pierwotnie przygotowany przez specjalną komisję, ale nie byli w stanie opracować nowego tekstu. Jednak przynajmniej niektóre kwestie teologii moralnej zostały omówione w innych pismach soborowych, zwłaszcza w Gaudium et spes i Optatam totius. Publikacja Humanae vitae w 1968 roku okazała się katalizatorem dla niektórych z najtrudniejszych i centralnych kwestii fundamentalnej teologii moralnej, w tym tematu czynów wewnętrznie złych. W 1987 roku Jan Paweł II ogłosił, że Stolica Apostolska opublikuje dokument poświęcony tym zagadnieniom. Sześć lat później tekst ten ujrzał światło dzienne i przyjął nazwę Veritatis splendor.
Effect of resistance training and chicken meat on muscle strength and mass and the gut microbiome of older women: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Uchida Masataka , Park Jonguk , Fujie Shumpei , Hosomi Koji , Horii Naoki , Watanabe Kohei , Sanada Kiyoshi , Shinohara Yasushi , Mizuguchi Kenji , Kunisawa Jun , Iemitsu Motoyuki , Miyachi Motohiko 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of white meat, such as chicken, intake combined with resistance training on muscle mass and strength in the elderly women, and whether the underlying mechanism involves changes in the gut microbiota. Ninety‐three volunteers (age 59–79 years) were randomly allocated to sedentary control with placebo (Sed + PL) or chicken meat (Sed + HP) and resistance training with placebo (RT + PL) or chicken meat (RT + HP). Resistance training sessions were performed 3 d/week for 12 weeks using leg extensions and curls. Boiled chicken meat (110 g, containing 22.5 g protein) was ingested 3 d/week for 12 weeks. Maximal muscle strength and whole‐body lean mass increased significantly in the RT + PL group compared to the Sed + HP group, and the RT + HP group showed a significantly greater increase than the Sed + HP and RT + PL groups. Additionally, the gut microbiota composition did not change before or after the interventions in any of the four groups. Moreover, the individual comparison of gut bacteria using false discovery rate‐based statistical analysis showed no alterations before or after the interventions in the four groups. Resistance training combined with chicken meat intake may effective have increased muscle mass and strength without drastically modifying the gut microbiota composition in elderly women.
Yak meat content in feed and its impact on the growth of rats
Authors: Wang Hong-jin , Tian Xiao-xia , Zhang Ke-wei , Niu Jian-zhang , Mei Shi-juan , Hao Li-zhuang , Li Yi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo evaluate the effects of varying proportions of yak meat in feed on the growth of rats and provide a theoretical basis for selecting the optimal feed proportion suitable for rats. This study was designed as a one-variable experiment. Fifty male rats were divided into five groups. The ratios of yak meat to basal feed of rats in four dietary treatment groups were 2:8, 4:6, 6:4, and 8:2, respectively, while those in the control group were only provided a basal diet. In the feeding experiment, the body weights of the rats were recorded on Day 0 and subsequently in the first, second, third, and fourth weeks, along with quantities of feed intake. The body and tail lengths, as well as the waist circumference of the rats, were measured, and blood samples were collected in the fourth week for routine blood and biochemistry investigations. The rats in the 4:6 feed group had the best body condition. They had normal body and tail lengths, smaller waist circumferences, good posture, and were in better overall health than rats in the other groups. The results indicate that the 4:6 diet was optimal for enhancing rats’ growth performance compared to the other diets.
Downregulation of RIP3 ameliorates the left ventricular mechanics and function after myocardial infarctionviamodulating NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway
Authors: Zhang Han , Yin Yuan , Chen Shan , Qian Peipei , Zou Ganglin , Liu Yumei , Yang Junying , Zhang Haining 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAdverse cardiac mechanical remodeling is critical for the progression of heart failure following myocardial infarction (MI). We previously demonstrated the involvement of RIP3-mediated necroptosis in the loss of functional cardiomyocytes and cardiac dysfunction post-MI. Herein, we investigated the role of RIP3 in NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)-mediated inflammation and evaluated the effects of RIP3 knockdown on myocardial mechanics and functional changes after MI. Our findings revealed that mice with MI for 4 weeks exhibited impaired left ventricular (LV) myocardial mechanics, as evidenced by a significant decrease in strain and strain rate in each segment of the LV wall during both systole and diastole. However, RIP3 knockdown ameliorated cardiac dysfunction by improving LV myocardial mechanics not only in the anterior wall but also in other remote nonischemic segments of the LV wall. Mechanistically, knockdown of RIP3 effectively inhibited the activation of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)/NLRP3 pathway, reduced the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in the heart tissues, and mitigated adverse cardiac remodeling following MI. These results suggest that downregulation of RIP3 holds promise for preventing myocardial inflammation and cardiac mechanical remodeling following MI by regulating the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.
Using sums-of-squares to prove Gaussian product inequalities
Authors: Russell Oliver , Sun Wei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The long-standing Gaussian product inequality (GPI) conjecture states that

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. In this study, we describe a computational algorithm involving sums-of-squares representations of multivariate polynomials that can be used to resolve the GPI conjecture. To exhibit the power of the novel method, we apply it to prove new four- and five-dimensional GPIs:

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