bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive and adaptive functioning after liver transplantation for maple syrup urine disease: A case series
Authors: Shellmer D. A. , DeVito Dabbs A. , Dew M. A. , Noll R. B. , Feldman H. , Strauss K. A. , Morton D. H. , Vockley J. , Mazariegos G. V. 
Published: October 2010

Shellmer DA, DeVito Dabbs A, Dew MA, Noll RB, Feldman H, Strauss KA, Morton DH, Vockley J, Mazariegos GV. Cognitive and adaptive functioning after liver transplantation for maple syrup urine disease: A case series. Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15:58–64. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  MSUD is a complex metabolic disorder that has been associated with central nervous system damage, developmental delays, and neurocognitive deficits. Although liver transplantation provides a metabolic cure for MSUD, changes in cognitive and adaptive functioning following transplantation have not been investigated. In this report, we present data from 14 patients who completed cognitive and adaptive functioning testing pre‐ and one yr and/or three yr post‐liver transplantation. Findings show either no significant change (n = 8) or improvement (n = 5) in IQ scores pre‐ to post‐liver transplantation. Greater variability was observed in adaptive functioning scores, but the majority of patients evidenced no significant change (n = 8) in adaptive scores. In general, findings indicate that liver transplantation minimizes the likelihood of additional central nervous system damage, providing an opportunity for possible stabilization or improvement in neurocognitive functioning.
Homosexual Mating Displays in Penguins
Authors: Pincemy Gwénaëlle , Dobson F. Stephen , Jouventin Pierre 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMore than 50 yr ago, field studies recorded the same‐sex pairs (and trios) of penguins displaying to each other during the mating season, using behavior patterns typical of heterosexual mating displays. Such observations led to a hypothesis that due to a lack of sex recognition pairing occurs at random with respect to sex, an idea countered by the argument that sex recognition is highly accurate. No quantification of same‐sex mating displays has tested the frequency of such displays in penguins or tested the hypothesis of random display partners with respect to sex. During their mating season, we studied displaying and paired king penguins, Apenodytes patagonicus, at Kerguelen Island and sexed them using a DNA marker, to quantify any occurrence of this behavior. Indeed, same‐sex courtship displays were common (28.3% of 53 displaying pairs), the great majority of which were between males. Some homosexually displaying males eventually paired with females, but such males were significantly slower in heterosexual pairing than males that did not display homosexually. In two extraordinary cases, same‐sex pairs learned each other’s calls, an essential step in the pairing process. The frequency of such pairs was much lower than among displaying couples, significantly so for males. Finally, the frequency of homosexually displaying pairs was significantly lower than expected from random assortment of displaying birds, for both males and females. We examined possible explanations for same‐sex display and its biological significance. A population sex‐ratio bias in favor of males and high concentration of male sex hormones may help to explain non‐reproductive homosexually displaying pairs.
Bleeding peptic ulcer: characteristics and outcomes in Newcastle, NSW
Authors: Halland M. , Young M. , Fitzgerald M. N. , Inder K. , Duggan J. M. , Duggan A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground:  Peptic ulcer disease risk factors have changed, as has the impact of treatment on morbidity and mortality. Recent data on clinical presentation and outcome are sparse in Australia.Aim:  To determine the characteristics and outcome of patients presenting with a bleeding peptic ulcer to a tertiary referral centre.Methods:  We evaluated patients diagnosed with peptic ulcer bleeding between 2004 and 2008 at a tertiary referral hospital. Variables assessed included demographic data, comorbidities, medication use and Rockall score. Outcomes of interest were the time to endoscopy, peptic ulcer treatment, transfusion requirements, urgent surgery and survival.Results:  Peptic ulcers were confirmed in 265 patients (55% male), of which 145 were gastric and 119 duodenal. The mean age was 71 years. On admission 38% of patients had haemodynamic instability and 92% had one or more comorbidity. Consumption of ulcerogenic medications at the time of admission was frequent (non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) 22%, aspirin 41%, clopidogrel or warfarin 10%) and proton pump inhibitors infrequent (15%). A gastroenterologist managed all patients according to their usual practice. Only a minority of patients received over three units of packed red cells. Few patients were referred for surgery (3%) or died (3%), but both events were significantly higher for the duodenal ulcer group.Conclusion:  The characteristics and outcomes in patients with peptic ulcer bleeding have changed. Peptic ulcer disease remains a public health problem with modifiable risk factors, such as Helicobacter pylori infection and NSAIDs, which should be targeted to reduce the burden of illness.
Physical exercise increases Notch activity, proliferation and cell cycle exit of type‐3 progenitor cells in adult hippocampal neurogenesis
Authors: Brandt Moritz D. , Maass Antonia , Kempermann Gerd , Storch Alexander 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn adult hippocampal neurogenesis of mice, the proliferation of precursor cells can be stimulated by voluntary exercise (wheel‐running). Physical activity has an additional effect on late progenitor cells (type‐3) by promoting cell survival and further maturation. Notch1 is a key regulator of various steps in neuronal development, including the inhibition of cell cycle exit and neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells, as well as promoting the survival and dendritic branching of newborn neurons. We here report that physical activity increased the proportion and absolute number of doublecortin+ (DCX) type‐2b and type‐3 progenitor cells that showed an activated Notch1 pathway. In contrast, the fraction of dividing cells with nuclear Notch intracellular domain expression indicating an activated Notch pathway was not affected by physical exercise. We used double labeling with two halogenated thymidine analogs, iododeoxyuridine and chlorodeoxyuridine, to distinguish between cell cycle exit and continued division at the progenitor cell level. After 7 days of physical exercise, the proliferative activity of precursor cells was increased, whereas the proportion of type‐2b/3 cells re‐entering S‐phase was reduced. Consistent with this observation, the proportion of DCX+ cells that expressed the marker of postmitotic immature granule cells (calretinin) was enhanced. Running promotes both the proliferation and cell cycle exit of DCX+ type‐3 precursors, possibly by preferentially stimulating a last neurogenic cell division. These pro‐proliferative effects are independent of Notch1, whereas the running‐induced survival and cell cycle exit of type‐3 progenitor cells might by mediated by Notch1 activity.
Dynamics of brain responses to phobic‐related stimulation in specific phobia subtypes
Authors: Caseras Xavier , Mataix‐Cols David , Trasovares Maria Victoria , López‐Solà Marina , Ortriz Hector , Pujol Jesus , Soriano‐Mas Carles , Giampietro Vincent , Brammer Michael J , Torrubia Rafael 
Published: October 2010

AbstractVery few studies have investigated to what extent different subtypes of specific phobia share the same underlying functional neuroanatomy. This study aims to investigate the potential differences in the anatomy and dynamics of the blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) responses associated with spider and blood‐injection‐injury phobias. We used an event‐related paradigm in 14 untreated spider phobics, 15 untreated blood‐injection‐injury phobics and 17 controls. Phobic images successfully induced distress only in phobic participants. Both phobic groups showed a similar pattern of heart rate increase following the presentation of phobic stimuli, this being different from controls. The presentation of phobic images induced activity within the same brain network in all participants, although the intensity of brain responses was significantly higher in phobics. Only blood‐injection‐injury phobics showed greater activity in the ventral prefrontal cortex compared with controls. This phobia group also presented a lower activity peak in the left amygdala compared with spider phobics. Importantly, looking at the dynamics of BOLD responses, both phobia groups showed a quicker time‐to‐peak in the right amygdala than controls, but only spider phobics also differed from controls in this parameter within the left amygdala. Considering these and previous findings, both phobia subtypes show very similar responses regarding their immediate reaction to phobia‐related images, but critical differences in their sustained responses to these stimuli. These results highlight the importance of considering complex mental processes potentially associated with coping and emotion regulation processes, rather than exclusively focusing on primary neural responses to threat, when investigating fear and phobias.
Synergistic effects of environmental risk factors and gene mutations in Parkinson’s disease accelerate age‐related neurodegeneration
Authors: Peng Jun , Oo May Lin , Andersen Julie K. 
Published: October 2010

J. Neurochem.(2010)115,1363–1373.AbstractAs Parkinson’s disease appears to be a multifactoral disorder, the use of animal models to investigate combined effects of genetic and environmental risk factors are of great importance especially in the context of aging which is the single major risk factor for the disorder. Here, we assessed the combined effects of neonatal iron feeding and environmental paraquat exposure on age‐related nigrostriatal degeneration in transgenic mice expressing the A53T familial mutant form of human α‐synuclein within these neurons. We report here that A53T α‐synuclein mice exhibit greater susceptibility to paraquat. Increased oral intake of iron in the neonatal period leads to a progressive age‐related enhancement of dopaminergic neurodegeneration associated with paraquat neurotoxicity. Furthermore, neurodegeneration associated with these combined genetic and environmental risk factors could be attenuated by systemic treatment with the bioavailable antioxidant compound EUK‐189. These data suggest that environmental factors previously identified as contributors to neurodegeneration associated with sporadic Parkinson’s disease may also be candidates for observed variations in symptoms and disease progression in monogenic forms and that this may mechanistically involve increased levels of oxidatively‐induced post‐translational nitration of α‐synuclein.
Phosphorylation of APP‐CTF‐AICD domains and interaction with adaptor proteins: signal transduction and/or transcriptional role – relevance for Alzheimer pathology
Authors: Schettini Gennaro , Govoni Stefano , Racchi Marco , Rodriguez Guido 
Published: October 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 115, 1299–1308.AbstractIn recent decades, the study of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and of its proteolytic products carboxy terminal fragment (CTF), APP intracellular C‐terminal domain (AICD) and amyloid beta has been mostly focussed on the role of APP as a producer of the toxic amyloid beta peptide. Here, we reconsider the role of APP suggesting, in a provocative way, the protein as a central player in a putative signalling pathway. We highlight the presence in the cytosolic tail of APP of the YENPTY motif which is typical of tyrosine kinase receptors, the phosphorylation of the tyrosine, serine and threonine residues, the kinases involved and the interaction with intracellular adaptor proteins. In particular, we examine the interaction with Shc and Grb2 regulators, which through the activation of Ras proteins elicit downstream signalling events such as the MAPK pathway. The review also addresses the interaction of APP, CTFs and AICD with other adaptor proteins and in particular with Fe65 for nuclear transcriptional activity and the importance of phosphorylation for sorting the secretases involved in the amyloidogenic or non‐amyloidogenic pathways. We provide a novel perspective on Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis, focussing on the perturbation of the physiological activities of APP‐CTFs and AICD as an alternative perspective from that which normally focuses on the accumulation of neurotoxic proteolytic fragments.
Fluctuations in the prevalence of chromate allergy in Denmark and exposure to chrome‐tanned leather
Authors: Carøe Caroline , Andersen Klaus E. , Thyssen Jacob P. , Mortz Charlotte G. 
Published: October 2010

Background. A recent Danish study showed a significant increase in the prevalence of chromate contact allergy after the mid‐1990s, probably as a result of exposure to leather products. Objectives. To reproduce the results by analysing data from the period 1992–2009 at Odense University Hospital, Denmark. The temporal development in the occurrence of chromate contact allergy and assumed causative exposures were investigated. Patients, Materials and Methods. A retrospective analysis of patch test data was performed (n = 8483), and medical charts from patients with chromate allergy (n = 231) were reviewed. Comparisons were made using the χ2‐test. A test of the reproducibility of the TRUE Test® was also performed. Logistic regression analyses were used to test for associations. Results. No significant changes in the prevalence or exposure sources of chromate allergy during 1992–2009 were identified. Leather shoes (24.4%) were the most frequent exposure sources in chromate allergy, and were mainly registered in women, although the difference between men and women was not significant (P = 0.07). Cement and leather glove exposure occurred significantly more often in men than in women (P = 0.002). Foot dermatitis (40.3%) was the most frequent anatomical location, apart from hand eczema (60.6%). The reproducibility of the TRUE Test® was 93.3%. Conclusions. Apart from hand eczema, the most frequent clinical picture of chromate allergy was foot dermatitis caused by leather shoe exposure. A tendency for an increasing prevalence of chromate contact allergy from 1997 was shown, but no significant change was detectable.
Poor performance in physical education – a risk factor for bully victimization. A case‐control study
Authors: Bejerot Susanne , Edgar Johan , Humble Mats B 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAim:  Poor social skills are a risk factor for becoming bullied, which could explain why this frequently occurs to children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Poor social skills tend to coexist with clumsiness. According to a pilot study, poor performance in physical education (PE) was correlated with bully victimization.Methods:  Sixty‐nine healthy university students reported performance in PE and bully victimization in childhood. In addition, the participants responded to questionnaires for ADHD and ASDs to assess personality traits related to increased risk for bully victimization.Results:  Below average performance in PE was a risk factor of being bullied in school with an odds ratio of 3.6 [95% confidence interval: 1.23–10.5; p = 0.017]. Strong correlations between poor performance in PE and long duration of victimization (p = 0.007) and poor performance in PE and high frequency of victimization (p = 0.008) were found. Autistic traits were related to performance below average in PE.Conclusion:  Poor motor skills are a strong risk factor for becoming bullied. Prevention programmes that identify, protect and empower the clumsy children could be an important step to avoid bullying of the most vulnerable children.
Identification of factors associated with a need for rehabilitation for patients over 65 years following admission to a general and vascular surgical service
Authors: Smyth Duncan , Connor Saxon 
Published: October 2010

Aim:  To identify factors that predict admission to a rehabilitation hospital for patients over 65 years of age.Methods:  This study reviewed the destinations of all patients over 65 years admitted to a Department of General and Vascular Surgery over 1 year to analyse factors associated with subsequent admission to a rehabilitation hospital. Data recorded included demographic characteristics, type of admission, length of stay at the primary hospital, operation, speciality type, previous admission to rehabilitation hospital, diagnoses and procedures.Results:  Of the 2632 patients examined, 8.7% were subsequently admitted to a rehabilitation hospital. Multivariate analysis showed that previous admission to the rehabilitation hospital, increasing age, number of diagnoses and admission under vascular service were all independently associated with admission for rehabilitation.Conclusions:  Factors associated with increased risk of requiring transfer to a rehabilitation hospital can be identified. This allows early recognition of at‐risk patients.
University of the Third Age in Australia and New Zealand: Capitalising on the cognitive resources of older volunteers
Authors: Swindell Rick , Vassella Ken , Morgan Lee , Sayer Tony 
Published: October 2010

Aim:  To quantify and ascribe a dollar value to University of the Third Age (U3A) volunteerism in Australia and New Zealand (NZ).Methods:  Retired researchers and U3A leaders from both countries cooperated via the Internet to devise and manage a comprehensive survey of U3A activities in 2008.Results:  In total, 164 of 265 independent U3As in Australasia provided detailed counts of all activities carried out by their volunteers. In 2008, Australian U3As were supported by 871 000 volunteer hours and NZ U3As were supported by 69 000 volunteer hours. A notional value of $20 per volunteer hour is rationalised. It values U3A volunteerism at $21 million for Australia and $1.9 million for NZ.Conclusion:  Expert retirees who are engaged in meaningful voluntary activities in their U3As provide valuable in‐kind contributions to the well‐being of members and to the national economy.
WALNUT AS FAT REPLACER AND FUNCTIONAL COMPONENT IN SUCUK
Authors: ERCOŞKUN HÜDAYI , DEMIRCI‐ERCOŞKUN TUĞBA 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT The effects on chemical, physical and sensory quality attributes of the substitution of beef fat with walnut paste were studied in sucuk. Four sucuk formulations were prepared as follows; one control using 90% beef and 10% beef fat and three treatments by replacing 15, 30 and 45% of beef fat with walnut paste. The addition of walnut paste increased the dry matter and decreased the fat contents of the products. The cholesterol content of control samples was 91.21 ± 0.563, whereas 15, 30 and 45% walnut‐substituted samples were 87.81 ± 0.830, 85.78 ± 0.466 and 83.29 ± 0.321, respectively. The addition of walnut to sucuk improved the fatty acid profile compared with control sucuks. Sucuks with walnut had a healthier polyunsaturated fatty acid profile, a lower ω‐6/ω‐3 ratio, and a lower atherogenicity index and thrombogenicity index due to the walnut ratio, but increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values. Substitution of beef fat of sucuk with walnut did not affect the sensory properties of sucuk, including consistency, appearance and taste–flavor, except color.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe results suggest that the development of beef fat with walnut paste in the production of sucuk with low levels of cholesterol and total lipids could give a healthier option to consumers. Using walnut in sucuk may lower fat, saturated fatty acids and cholesterol contents and enhance the product with fiber and natural antioxidants. Additionally, this study indicated that walnut may be a good fat replacer in fermented sausages and opened a door for new research with different nuts.
GROWTH KINETICS OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES IN SOYMILK OF VARYING INITIAL pH AND SUGAR CONCENTRATIONS
Authors: ARIAHU CHARLES C. , IGYOR MICHEAL A. , UMEH EBELE U. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT The ability of Listeria monocytogenes to grow at 5–30C in soymilk of varying initial pH (6.0–6.8) and sugar concentration (0.5–10%, w/w) was challenged using a cocktail of three hemolysin positive strains of the microbe. Growth was determined using trypticase soy agar plus yeast extract and the data were analyzed using Gompertz equation to generate lag phase duration (LPD), exponential growth rate (EGR), generation time and maximum population density values. The result indicated that soymilk is a favorable medium for the growth of L. monocytogenes. The growth kinetics was dependent on interactions of temperature, pH and sugar concentration. Increase in temperature, initial sugar level and pH significantly reduced LPD and increased EGR. Since the microbe is a highly heat‐resistant vegetative pathogen, there is the need for effective control of the processing and handling of soymilk especially at household level to prevent possible incidence of listeriosis through the product.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Listeria monocytogenes growth data could provide vital information for risk assessment of the pathogen in soymilk. Such data are necessary for establishment of guidelines for the product safety and inspection purposes.
THE EFFECT OF PASTEURIZATION ON THE QUALITY OF FROZEN ARAZÁ (EUGENIA STIPITATA MC VAUGH) PULP
Authors: GARCÍA‐REYES RAFAEL‐H. , NARVÁEZ‐CUENCA CARLOS‐E. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT The effects of pasteurization on the quality of frozen arazá pulp were investigated. Arazá pulp was pasteurized at 65, 73, and 80C before being placed in frozen storage at −20C for a period of 60 days. After pasteurization (day 0 of frozen storage), no changes in color, aroma, or texture were observed; nevertheless, taste, vitamin C, and antioxidant activity (AA) were negatively affected. After 60 days of frozen storage, a decrease in the AA and a decrease in both vitamin C and phenolic levels were observed, with the exception of the unpasteurized pulp, for which there were no differences in the AA‐ferric reducing antioxidant power and phenolics before and after the 60 days of frozen storage. No correlation was found between phenolics and AA, which could be due to differential changes in the phenolics composition that were not measured in this work. The decimal reduction time in days of vitamin C was 92, 89, 112, and 176 for the control and the pasteurized pulps (at 65, 73, and 80C), respectively. Pasteurization at 80C before freezing at −20C could be a successful technique to extend the shelf life of arazá pulp. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis research was developed to study the effect of pasteurization on the quality of arazá pulp during frozen storage. The pasteurization of pulp at 80C with a holding time of 1 min before frozen storage at −20C controls vitamin C and the sensory characteristics of degradation. These traditional techniques can help food industries dealing with arazá pulp storage obtain a more stable product for at least two months.