bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of treadmill running on rat gastrocnemius function following botulinum toxin A injection
Authors: Tsai Sen‐Wei , Chen Chun‐Jung , Chen Hsiao‐Lin , Chen Chuan‐Mu , Chang Yin‐Yi 
Published: August 2011

AbstractExercise can improve and maintain neural or muscular function, but the effects of exercise in physiological adaptation to paralysis caused by botulinum toxin A has not been well studied. Twenty‐four rats were randomly assigned into control and treadmill groups. The rats assigned to the treadmill group were trained on a treadmill three times per week with the running speed set at 15 m/min. The duration of training was 20 min/session. Muscle strength, nerve conduction study and sciatic functional index (SFI) were used for functional analysis. Treadmill training improved the SFI at 2, 3, and 4 weeks (p = 0.01, 0.004, and 0.01, respectively). The maximal contraction force of the gastrocnemius muscle in the treadmill group was greater than in the control group (p < 0.05). The percentage of activated fibers was higher in the treadmill botox group than the percentage for the control botox group, which was demonstrated by differences in amplitude and area of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) under the curve between the groups (p < 0.05). After BoNT‐A injection, treadmill improved the physiological properties of muscle contraction strength, CMAP amplitude, and the recovery of SFI. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:319–324, 2012
Effect of manganese on the resistance of tomato to Pseudocercospora fuligena
Authors: Heine Gregor , Max Johannes F. J. , Führs Hendrik , Moran‐Puente Diana W. , Heintz Dimitri , Horst Walter J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBlack leaf mold caused by Pseudocercospora fuligena is an important fungal disease of tomato in Southeast Asia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the control of this disease using high manganese (Mn) applied to the root substrate and to evaluate the role of the leaf apoplast in plant response to fungal infection. In a nethouse experiment in Thailand, Mn above the optimum for plant growth but below toxicity increased resistance of tomato plants to black leaf mold. Enhanced resistance caused by Mn was also obtained when tomato plants were grown under controlled conditions in a mist chamber and artificially inoculated with the fungus. Manganese significantly increased plant peroxidases in the leaf apoplast. The highest peroxidase activity was measured when plants were inoculated with Pseudocercospora fuligena. Defense‐related proteins in the leaf apoplast increased when plants were inoculated with Pseudocercospora fuligena but not when treated with high Mn. It is concluded that Mn above the optimum level for plant growth can contribute to the control of Pseudocercospora fuligena in tomato. The Mn effect on disease resistance is associated with the activation of plant peroxidases in the leaf apoplast. A systemic response, possibly mediated by NADH peroxidase activity, also seems to trigger disease resistance in leaves with low Mn concentrations.
An improved liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of tylosin and its impurities
Authors: Ashenafi Dunge , Hoogmartens Jos , Adams Erwin 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA selective reversed‐phase (RP) liquid chromatographic (LC) method coupled with UV for the determination of tylosin and its related substances is described. The gradient method uses a Capcell pak C18 ACR column (25 cm×4.6 mm id, 5 μm) maintained at a temperature of 60°C. The mobile phases consist of acetonitrile, phosphate buffer pH 5.5 and water: (A; 27.5:10:62.5 v/v/v) and (B; 50:10:40 v/v/v). The flow rate is 1.0 mL/min and UV detection is performed at 280 nm. It allows the separation of all known and 22 other unknown related substances (≥0.02%) from the main compound and from one another. The method shows good precision, sensitivity, linearity (between 0.2 μg/mL and 1.25 mg/mL) and robustness. The limit of quantification is 0.2 μg/mL, corresponding to 0.020%. Seven bulk tylosin samples containing a large number of impurities were examined using this method.
Chromatography of bis‐(3‐sulfopropyl) disulfide and its breakdown products by HPLC coupled with electrochemical detection
Authors: Volov Igor , Mann Olivier , Hoenersch Yvonne , Wahl Björn , West Alan C. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA chromatographic method for the detection of bis‐(3‐sulfopropyl) disulfide (SPS), a common additive in acidic copper plating baths, and its breakdown products is demonstrated. The detection scheme involves a combination of solid‐phase extraction for sample pre‐treatment, C18 reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography column for separation, and electrochemical sensor for detection of all non‐fully oxidized sulfur‐containing compounds. We were able to achieve an effective separation and accurately assign chromatographic peaks to all detectable species. Owing to a high sensitivity of the utilized electrochemical detector, detection in low parts per billion range was possible. This can prove crucial for plating bath control, since minute amounts of certain by‐products significantly affect the bath performance.
IMPACT OF LAND USE CHANGE ON EROSION RISK: AN INTEGRATED REMOTE SENSING, GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM AND MODELING METHODOLOGY
Authors: Leh M. , Bajwa S. , Chaubey I. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of rapidly changing land use on erosion and sedimentation in a mixed land use watershed in the Ozark Highlands of the USA. The research combines a geographic information system‐based soil erosion modeling approach with land use change detection to quantify the influence of changing land use on erosion risk. Five land use/land cover maps were generated or acquired for a 20‐year period (1986 through 2006) at approximately 5‐year intervals to assess land use change and to predict a projected (2030) land use scenario for the West Fork White River watershed in Northwest Arkansas. The Unit Stream Power based Erosion/Deposition model was applied to the observed and predicted land use to assess the impact on erosion. Total erosion from urban areas was predicted to increase by a factor of six between 1986 and 2030 based on the projected 2030 land use. Results support previous reports of increased urbanization leading to increased soil erosion risk. This study highlights the interaction of changes in land use with soil erosion potential. Soil erosion risk on a landscape can be quantified by incorporating commonly available biophysical data with geographic information system and remote sensing, which could serve as a land/watershed management tool for the rapid assessment of the effects of environmental change on erosion risk. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimizing the multipole‐to‐local operator in the fast multipole method for graphical processing units
Authors: Takahashi Toru , Cecka Cris , Fong William , Darve Eric 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThis paper presents a number of algorithms to run the fast multipole method (FMM) on NVIDIA CUDA‐capable graphical processing units (GPUs) (Nvidia Corporation, Sta. Clara, CA, USA). The FMM is a class of methods to compute pairwise interactions between N particles for a given error tolerance and with computational cost of . The methods described in the paper are applicable to any FMMs in which the multipole‐to‐local (M2L) operator is a dense matrix and the matrix is precomputed. This is the case for example in the black‐box fast multipole method (bbFMM), which is a variant of the FMM that can handle large class of kernels. This example will be used in our benchmarks.In the FMM, two operators represent most of the computational cost, and an optimal implementation typically tries to balance those two operators. One is the nearby interaction calculation (direct sum calculation, line 29 in Listing 1), and the other is the M2L operation. We focus on the M2L. By combining multiple M2L operations and reordering the primitive loops of the M2L so that CUDA threads can reuse or share common data, these approaches reduce the movement of data in the GPU. Because memory bandwidth is the primary bottleneck of these methods, significant performance improvements are realized. Four M2L schemes are detailed and analyzed in the case of a uniform tree.The four schemes are tested and compared with an optimized, OpenMP parallelized, multi‐core CPU code. We consider high and low precision calculations by varying the number of Chebyshev nodes used in the bbFMM. The accuracy of the GPU codes is found to be satisfactory and achieved performance over 200 Gflop/s on one NVIDIA Tesla C1060 GPU (Nvidia Corporation, Sta. Clara, CA, USA). This was compared against two quad‐core Intel Xeon E5345 processors (Intel Corporation, Sta. Clara, CA, USA) running at 2.33 GHz, for a combined peak performance of 149 Gflop/s for single precision. For the low FMM accuracy case, the observed performance of the CPU code was 37 Gflop/s, whereas for the high FMM accuracy case, the performance was about 8.5 Gflop/s, most likely because of a higher frequency of cache misses. We also present benchmarks on an NVIDIA C2050 GPU (a Fermi processor)(Nvidia Corporation, Sta. Clara, CA, USA) in single and double precision. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of ageing on rheology of SBR/sulfur‐modified asphalts
Authors: Zhang Feng , Yu Jianying , Wu Shaopeng 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe effect of short‐term and long‐term oxidative ageing on the rheological, physical properties, the morphology, and thermodynamic behavior of the styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR)‐ and SBR/sulfur‐modified asphalts is studied respectively. The dynamic rheological tests show the two major effects of ageing on the rheological behavior of the asphalt binders. Ageing prompts the degradation of polymer and increases the viscous behavior of the binders, on the other, ageing improves the elastic behavior of the binders due to the changed asphalt components, the final rheological behavior of the aged binders depends on the combined effect. The SBR/sulfur‐modified asphalt is more susceptible to ageing and dynamic shear due to the structural instability and show a viscous behavior with increasing the sulfur level after ageing. Under the influence of repeated shear force, the high‐temperature property of the SBR/sulfur‐modified asphalts declines. The morphology observation shows the compatibility between polymer and asphalt is improved with further ageing especially for the SBR/sulfur‐modified asphalt. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Influence of injection velocity and joint geometry on quality of insert molding
Authors: Lin Chung‐Chih 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA study of the influence of the injection velocity and the joint geometry on the quality of insert molding is presented. The proposed approach was based on the rheological concept, and the optimal injection velocity of insert molding was determined through calculations of the relative viscosity with corresponding injection velocities. In addition, the influence of the joint geometry between two different materials on the adhesion performance was also evaluated experimentally. A newly designed wafer cassette storage box that consisted of a cover (polybutylene terephthalate) with a transparent window (polycarbonate) and a base was given to demonstrate how to implement the methodology. Besides injection velocity, this study shows that the joint geometry is also a significant factor in improving the adhesion strength between the cover and the transparent window.POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Preparation and characterization of fluorescent membrane based on europium coordinated acrylic acid grafted biorientation polypropylene
Authors: Wang Zheng , Wang Jiliang , Cao Zheng , Lei Jingxin 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAcrylic acid grafted biorientation polypropylene (AA‐g‐BOPP) membrane was prepared through a nonvapor and nonliquid photografting method (NNPM). The grafted membrane was then coordinated with europium nitrate and 1,10‐phenanthroline to obtain europium coordinated AA‐g‐BOPP [Eu‐c‐(AA‐g‐BOPP)] fluorescent membrane. The resulting Eu‐c‐(AA‐g‐BOPP) membrane was characterized by Fourier transfer infrared spectrometer and fluorescence spectrometer. The results indicate that polar monomer AA can be effectively grafted on BOPP by NNPM, and that the intensity of fluorescence of the grafted membrane enhances with grafting degree. Eu‐c‐(AA‐g‐BOPP) membrane with a reasonable grafting degree shows excellent fluorescent property, and such fluorescent membrane has great potential applications in the area of electronic devices. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
The effect of different stabilizers on the formation of self‐assembled porous film via the breath‐figure technique
Authors: Amirkhani Masoud , Berger Nicola , Abdelmohsen Mohamed , Zocholl Frank , Gonçalves Manuel Rodrigues , Marti Othmar 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe Breath‐Figure technique was employed to imprint honeycomb structures in the polymer films via the condensation of water vapor on the surface of an evaporating polymer solution. Generally, the condensed water droplets can be stabilized by an end‐functional polymer or by particles added to the polymer solution. In this study, we carried out a systematic experiment on the effect of different stabilizers on the porous honeycomb structure under identical physical conditions. The end‐functional polymer produced a large area of regular spherical bubbles, whereas adding particles to the polymer solution leads to smaller arrays of the flattened bottom bubbles. The separation length between pores was larger for polymer/particle sample than that of the end‐functional polymer films. In the regular area of polymer/particle film many bubbles were not decorated by particles. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 49: 1430–1436, 2011
Erythrocyte zinc levels in children with bronchial asthma
Authors: Yilmaz E. Arik , Ozmen S. , Bostanci I. , Misirlioglu E. Dibek , Ertan U. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractZinc deficiency may be suspected to play a role in the pathogenesis, control, and severity of asthma because of its antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti‐inflammatory effects. We aimed to investigate whether there was any relationship between erythrocyte zinc levels and childhood asthma. The erythrocyte zinc levels of 67 asthmatic and 45 healthy children were analyzed in this case–control study. The mean concentrations of erythrocyte zinc were 1215.8 ± 145.1 µg/dl in asthma patients and 1206.9 ± 119.5 µg/dl in controls with no significant difference (P = 0.472). The erythrocyte zinc level was below 1,000 µg/dl in 6 asthmatic patients (8.9%) and 2 control group patients (4.4%). There was no relationship between erythrocyte zinc levels and duration of follow‐up, severity, and control of the asthma (P > 0.05). On the other hand, patients hospitalized for an asthma attack had significantly lower erythrocyte zinc levels compared with nonhospitalized patients and the control group (P = 0.000 and P = 0.004 respectively). This study's findings indicate that asthmatic children are not a risk group for zinc deficiency. We emphasize that checking zinc levels in children who are hospitalized for an asthma attack may be useful. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011; 46: 1189–1193. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tuberculous damaged lung in a child
Authors: Consunji‐Araneta Raquel , Higgins Rick , Qing Gefei , Bouhasan Lamya 
Published: August 2011

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) remains the “great pretender.” We report the case of a 10‐year‐old female, who presented with a mass in the left chest that was suspected initially to be a tumor. This was later confirmed to be tuberculous in nature, with dissemination to the liver. A large granuloma eventually replaced the left lung, leaving her with “tuberculous destroyed lung” (TDL), an extremely rare, life‐threatening sequela of the disease. We review the pathophysiology, radiologic findings, and management options, which includes pneumonectomy, for this seldom seen but preventable condition. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011; 46: 1247–1250. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Independent North–South Child Migration as a Parental Investment in Northern Ghana
Authors: Kwankye Stephen O. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTNorth–south independent child migration flows in Ghana have gained increasing political and research interest. Parents and adult relations actively participate in the decision of their children to migrate. In view of this, this study uses a 2005 survey of 451 independent child migrants in Accra and Kumasi to assess the extent to which this relatively new wave of migration constitutes some kind of an economic investment by parents against poverty. A major finding of the study is that although parents, through remittances by their children, may meet their objective of sending their children as migrants to southern communities, in the long run, these gains may be eroded because of diverse social, economic, and reproductive health risks the children may be exposed to. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Failure of potassium dimer formation on the β‐SiC(100)‐c(4 × 2) surface
Authors: Haycock Barry , Ortega José , Lewis James P. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractUsing ab initio molecular dynamics, we study the formation of dimers on the β‐SiC(100)‐c(4 × 2) surface. According to previously published experimental results of Derycke et al. [Appl. Phys. Lett. 88(2), 022105 (2006)] (using scanning tunneling spectroscopy, core‐level photoemission spectroscopy, and low‐energy electron diffraction) the (100)‐c(4 × 2) surface is highly prone to form potassium dimers. In their work, potassium atoms fill adjacent well‐defined pedestal sites when there are lower coverages of potassium deposited onto the surface (∼0.16 monolayers). Contrary to the work by Derycke et al., we find that potassium does not prefer to form dimers on the (100)‐c(4 × 2) surface, but rather potassium tends to reconstruct (after annealing simulations) by choosing distant pedestal sites in order to minimize the overlap of the ionic radii of the potassium atoms.
Ferromagnetic behavior in Mn‐doped LaAlO3 single crystals
Authors: Ge J. J. , Yang M. , Xue X. B. , You B. , Sun L. , Zhang W. , Wu X. S. , Hu A. , Du J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractLaAlO3 single crystals were doped with transition element Mn by thermal diffusion method for investigation of ferromagnetism. With increasing the annealing temperature TN, ferromagnetism begins to appear when TN equals 750 °C, which is indicated by small magnetic hystersis (M ‐H) loop with low coercive field of 60 Oe measured at 60 K. After TN arrives at 1300 °C, obvious M ‐H loop can be observed at 60 K and the M ‐T curve displays sharp Curie phase transition, which shows an unambiguous ferromagnetism. A bound magnetic polaron model was proposed to understand the observed ferromagnetic behavior in Mn‐doped LaAlO3 single crystals. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Novel low‐cost prostate resection trainer—description and preliminary evaluation
Authors: Ebbing Jan , Schostak Martin , Steiner Ursula , Stier Katja , Neymeyer Jörg , Miller Kurt , Baumunk Daniel 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundTransurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is a challenging operation for residents with limited endoscopic experience. A number of virtual TURP simulators have been validated in the past. This study is the first description and preliminary evaluation of a non‐virtual, low‐cost TURP trainer as a teaching tool for residents in urology.MethodsDr K. Forke's prostatic resection trainer (PRT; LS 10‐2/S, Samed GmbH, Dresden, Germany) was tested during the surgical training of a resident. Under the supervision of an experienced senior surgeon, three aspects were examined: the resection trainer's approximation to reality, the ease of instruction, and the potential capability to improve surgeons' psychomotor abilities with regard to the three‐dimensional (3D) guidance of the instrument. The improvement in resection speed (RS) of residents with no PRT training (control group) was also compared to the results of the PRT‐trained resident.ResultsDuring the PRT training, the resident displayed clear improvement in resection quality (RQ) and a 27% increase in RS (p = 0.03). In the post‐training stage, the PRT‐trained resident showed a more constant progress rate, to a maximum RS of 0.37 g/min (35% increase; p = 0.01), whereas the control group displayed varied RS learning curves. Composed of a synthetic material, which can be resected by standard instruments, the trainer offers a haptical experience that is particularly realistic and may provide an increased learning rate.ConclusionFrom the findings, we conclude that this novel PRT is suitable for daily use and offers an effective and more affordable alternative to virtual simulators. Further validation studies will follow and new fields of application will be tested. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evolution of autonomous and semi‐autonomous robotic surgical systems: a review of the literature
Authors: Moustris G. P. , Hiridis S. C. , Deliparaschos K. M. , Konstantinidis K. M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundAutonomous control of surgical robotic platforms may offer enhancements such as higher precision, intelligent manoeuvres, tissue‐damage avoidance, etc. Autonomous robotic systems in surgery are largely at the experimental level. However, they have also reached clinical application.MethodsA literature review pertaining to commercial medical systems which incorporate autonomous and semi‐autonomous features, as well as experimental work involving automation of various surgical procedures, is presented. Results are drawn from major databases, excluding papers not experimentally implemented on real robots.ResultsOur search yielded several experimental and clinical applications, describing progress in autonomous surgical manoeuvres, ultrasound guidance, optical coherence tomography guidance, cochlear implantation, motion compensation, orthopaedic, neurological and radiosurgery robots.ConclusionAutonomous and semi‐autonomous systems are beginning to emerge in various interventions, automating important steps of the operation. These systems are expected to become standard modality and revolutionize the face of surgery. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.