bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancing children's rights to be heard and protected: The model representation of children in abuse, neglect, and custody proceedings act
Authors: Lehrmann Debra H. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractLitigation surrounding family matters can have a significant impact on children well into their adult years. Because their interests may differ from those of their parents or other caretakers, it is crucial that the legal system provide a mechanism to ensure that children's interests are both protected by and appropriately communicated to the family court. The legal community has not reached a consensus regarding how children's interests can best be protected – or the appropriate role for attorneys involved in such cases. In fact, a number of professional organizations have proposed standards that impose differing obligations upon attorneys. In this article, the strengths and limitations of various practice standards are compared and contrasted, with the focus being on how children's interests can best communicated to, and protected by, the court. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diketopiperazines from Marine Organisms
Authors: Huang Riming , Zhou Xuefeng , Xu Tunhai , Yang Xianwen , Liu Yonghong 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDiketopiperazines (DKPs), which are cyclic dipeptides, have been detected in a variety of natural resources. Recently, the interest in these compounds increased significantly because of their remarkable bioactivity. This review deals with the chemical structures, biosynthetic pathways, and biological activities of DKPs from marine microorganisms, sponges, sea stars, tunicates (ascidians), and red algae. The literature has been covered up to December 2008, and a total 124 DKPs from 104 publications have been discussed and reviewed. Some of these compounds have been found to possess various bioactivities including cytotoxicity, and antibacterial, antifungal, antifouling, plant‐growth regulatory, and other activities.
Evaluation of Chemical Constituents and Antinociceptive Properties of Myricaria elegansRoyle
Authors: Khan Salimullah , Nisar Muhammad , Khan Razaullah , Ahmad Waqar , Nasir Fazli 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe phytochemical screening of Myricaria elegans Royle (Tamaricaceae) gave strongly positive results for terpenes. A total of six triterpenes were isolated from the CHCl3 fraction, including eleganene‐A, eleganene‐B, corsolic acid, betulin, ursolic acid, and erythrodiol. The in vivo antinociceptive investigation of the plant showed a significant increase in the tail‐flick latency, accompanied by mild sedation and severe ataxia. Considering the known activities of some of the compounds isolated from the plant, it may be hypothesized that the increase in the tail‐flick latency may be the combined effect of analgesia, ataxia, and sedation, rather than analgesia alone. These findings suggest M. elegans to be a potential source for activity‐guided isolation of important natural compounds with a variety of effects.
Two New Resorcinol Derivatives with Strong Cytotoxicity from the Roots of Ardisia brevicaulisDiels
Authors: Bao Li , Wang Manyuan , Zhao Feng , Zhao Yisong , Liu Hongwei 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTwo new resorcinol derivatives, 4‐hydroxy‐2‐methoxy‐6‐[(8Z)‐pentadec‐8‐en‐1‐yl]phenyl acetate (1) and 4‐hydroxy‐2‐methoxy‐6‐pentadecylphenyl acetate (2), together with known compounds ardisiphenol D (3), 5‐tridecylresorcinol (4), 5‐pentadecylresorcinol (5), 5‐[(8Z)‐pentadec‐8‐en‐1‐yl]resorcinol (6), belamcandaquinones C and D (7 and 8, resp.), ardisicrenoside A, ardisiacrispin B, (22E)‐24‐ethyl‐5α‐cholesta‐7,22‐dien‐3‐one, and (22E)‐24‐ethyl‐5α‐cholesta‐7,22‐dien‐3β‐ol were isolated from the MeOH extract of the roots of Ardisia brevicaulis Diels. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis including ESI‐ and EI‐MS, and NMR data. Cytotoxicities of 1–4 against cell lines A549, MCF‐7, and PANC‐1 were tested in vitro by the MTT (=3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide) method. Compounds 1–4 showed cytotoxic activity against all cell lines stronger than that of cisplatin against A549.
Modeling of Current Distribution on Smooth and Columnar Platinum Structures
Authors: Zinola Carlos F. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractStudying the growth and stability of anisotropic or isotropic disordered surfaces in electrodeposition is of importance in catalytic electrochemistry. In some cases, the metallic nature of the electrode defines the topography and roughness, which are also controlled by the experimental time and applied external potential. Because of the experimental restrictions in conventional electrochemical techniques and ex situ electron microscopies, a theoretical model of the surface geometry could aid in understanding the electrodeposition process and current distributions. In spite of applying a complex theory such as dynamic scaling method or perturbation theories, the resolution of mixed mass‐/charge‐transfer equations (tertiary distribution) for the electrodeposition process would give reliable information. One of the main problems with this type of distribution is the mathematics when solving the spatial n‐dimensional differential equations. Use of a primary current distribution is proposed here to simplify the differential equations; however it limits wide application of the first assumption. Distributions of concentration profile, current density, and electrode potential are presented here as a function of the distance normal to the surface for the cases of smooth and rough platinum growth. In the particular case of columnar surfaces, cycloid curves are used to model the electrode, from which the concentration profile is presented in a parameterized form after solving a first‐type curvilinear integral. The concentration contour results in a combination of a trigonometric inverse function and a linear distribution leading to a negative concavity curve. The calculation of the current density and electrode potential contours also show trigonometric shapes exhibiting forbidden imaginary values only at the minimal values of the trochoid curve.
SERS Chiral Recognition and Quantification of Enantiomers through Cyclodextrin Supramolecular Complexation
Authors: Abalde‐Cela Sara , Hermida‐Ramón José M. , Contreras‐Carballada Pablo , De Cola Luisa , Guerrero‐Martínez Andrés , Alvarez‐Puebla Ramón A. , Liz‐Marzán Luis M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe introduce here a simple approach in which a cyclodextrin, functionalized with thiols in the narrower rim, is assembled onto the silver surface of a SERS platform composed of polystyrene beads coated with silver nanoparticles. Trapping properties of the fabricated sensor are demonstrated through the retention of different enantiomers (R,R or/and S,S) of hydrobenzoin (HBZ), a molecule that has not been reported before in SERS because it has no affinity for coinage metal surfaces. Further, selective recognition of each enantiomer and semiquantification of its proportion in a racemic mixture are provided by the analysis of the SERS spectra of the HBZ–cyclodextrin complex, in full agreement with the surface selection rules.
Generation of Axin1 conditional mutant mice
Authors: Xie Rong , Jiang Rulang , Chen Di 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAxin1 is a critical negative regulator of the canonical Wnt‐signaling pathway. It is a concentration‐limiting factor in the β‐catenin degradation complex. Axin1 null mutant mouse embryos died at embryonic day 9.5, precluding direct genetic analysis of the roles of Axin1 in many developmental and physiological processes using these mutant mice. In this study, we have generated mice carrying two directly repeated loxP sites flanking the exon 2 region of the Axin1 gene. We show that floxed‐allele‐carrying mice (Axin1
fx/fx) mice appear normal and fertile. Upon crossing the Axin1
fx/fx mice to the CMV‐Cre transgenic mice, the loxP‐flanked exon 2 region that encodes the N‐terminus and the conserved regulation of G‐protein signaling domain was efficiently deleted by Cre‐mediated excision in vivo. Moreover, we show that mouse embryos homozygous for the Cre/loxP‐mediated deletion of exon 2 of the Axin1 gene display embryonic lethality and developmental defects similar to those reported for Axin1−/− mice. Thus, this Axin1fx/fx mouse model will be valuable for systematic tissue‐specific dissection of the roles of Axin1 in embryonic and postnatal development and diseases. genesis 49:98–102, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Copper‐Catalyzed Intramolecular C–H Amination
Authors: Barman Dipti N. , Nicholas Kenneth M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe amino‐functionalization of tertiary, secondary and benzylic C–H bonds of tethered carbamates and sulfamates by iodosobenzene is catalyzed by CuI‐diimine complexes in moderate to good yield. Employing homochiral imine‐Cucatalysts affords oxazolidinones and oxathiazinanes with modest enantioselectivity.
Inhibition Biosensor Based on Calcium Phosphate Materials for Detection of Benzoic Acid in Aqueous and Organic Media
Authors: López M. Sánchez‐Paniagua , López‐Ruiz B. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractHighly sensitive inhibition biosensors for amperometric monitoring of benzoic acid (BA), based on the inhibitory effect that this compound exerts on the activity of tyrosinase (PPO) adsorbed on calcium phosphate materials (CaPs), calcium phosphate anhydrous (monetite: CaHPO4) and calcium phosphate dihydrate (brushite: CaHPO4⋅2H2O) are proposed. The PPO/CaHPO4 modified glassy carbon electrode showed the best analytical properties for BA detection in aqueous and organic solvents. The biosensor gave a fast response (10 s), a high sensitivity and a low detection limit. This device was suitable applied for benzoic acid detection in a wide variety of samples as cola and sprite drinks, with hydrophilic matrix, and mayonnaise sauce, with hydrophobic matrix.
pH‐Switchable Bioelectrocatalysis Based on Weak Polyelectrolyte Multilayers
Authors: Sun Peng , Hu Naifei , Liu Hongyun 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWeak polyelectrolytes poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) were assembled into {PAH/PAA}n layer‐by‐layer films on electrodes. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) response of ferrocenecarboxylic acid (Fc(COOH)) at {PAH/PAA}5 film electrodes assembled under the specific condition showed pH‐sensitive “on‐off” switching property. This property was further used to control the electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose by glucose oxidase (GOD) with Fc(COOH) as the electron transfer mediator, so that the pH‐switchable bioelectrocatalysis could be realized. The mechanism of pH‐sensitive behavior of the system was explored and believed to originate from the pH‐dependent structure change of the films.
Near‐infrared spectroscopy for process control and optimization of biogas plants
Authors: Luck Stefan , Büge Gabriele , Plettenberg Holger , Hoffmann Martin 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe application of near‐infrared spectroscopy for the process control of biogas plants was evaluated in this study. The study involves the generation of first calibrations using two instruments, a commercial Fourier transform near‐infrared instrument and a grating spectrometer‐based prototype. Both the current state of the prototype hardware and the methodology were examined. A biogas plant was sampled regularly during a time period of 43 wk. Classic analysis methods as well as spectroscopic methods were used for the examination of the samples. Calibrations for dry‐matter content and content of organic dry matter were developed for both devices using the partial least squares regression after preprocessing the spectra. It was evident that the application of near‐infrared spectroscopy using simplified and robust hardware on‐site of biogas plants is possible. It is feasible to find high deviations from the aspired consistence of the fermentation medium and some substrates with the presented calibrations.
Hysteretic behaviour of bracing‐type pure aluminium shear panels by experimental tests
Authors: De Matteis Gianfranco , Brando Giuseppe , Mazzolani Federico M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis paper deals with experimental tests aimed at assessing the structural performance of pure aluminium shear panels to be employed as passive energy dissipation devices with a bracing type configuration. The AW1050 A H24 is adopted as the basic material. It is an aluminium alloy with a negligible content of impurity, allowing it to be considered as a pure aluminium. In this paper, the results of four full‐scale 5thinspacemm thick multi‐stiffened square‐shaped specimens tested under cyclic diagonal loads and characterized by different slenderness ratios are presented. In order to determine the main resisting mechanisms for different shear strain demands, a careful examination of the experimental evidences is provided. Then, the global performance of tested shear panels is evaluated by the comparison of the obtained hysteretic responses, evidencing the effect of the plate slenderness on the energy dissipation capacity. Finally, a suitable analytical model, which could be useful to implement global dynamic non‐linear analysis, is set up in order to interpret the behaviour of shear panels for which the development of premature buckling phenomena is completely inhibited. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical treatment of Jeffrey fluid with pressure‐dependent viscosity
Authors: Malik M. Y. , Zehra Iffat , Nadeem S. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we have analyzed the Jeffrey fluid with pressure‐dependent viscosity. The equations of Jeffrey fluid model have been modelled when viscosity is a function of pressure. Two types of flow problem, namely, Poiseulle flow and Couette flow have been solved numerically for Jeffrey fluid. The velocity field for different physical parameters has been discussed through graphs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Missing data in trial‐based cost‐effectiveness analysis: the current state of play
Authors: Noble Sian Marie , Hollingworth William , Tilling Kate 
Published: December 2010

SUMMARYRandomised controlled trial (RCT)‐based cost‐effectiveness analyses, which are prone to missing data, are increasingly used in healthcare technology assessment. This has highlighted the need for appropriate methodological approaches to the handling of missing data. This paper reviews missing data methodology used in RCT‐based cost‐effectiveness analyses since 2003. Complete case analysis, which may lead to inappropriate conclusions, is still the most popular approach and its use has increased with time.The degree of missing data in cost‐effectiveness analyses was often poorly reported and the methodology was often unclear. Reporting of missing data sensitivity analyses would improve article transparency. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of panendoscopy to identify synchronous second primary malignancies in patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Rodriguez‐Bruno Krista , Ali M. Jafer , Wang Steven J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundTobacco use increases the risk for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the upper aerodigestive tract. The reported incidence of synchronous second primary tumors in head and neck cancer is approximately 10%. Therefore, patients with oral cancer have routinely undergone “panendoscopy” consisting of direct laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy, and esophagoscopy. Recent studies indicate increasing numbers of upper aerodigestive tumors occurring in nonsmoking populations who may have a lesser risk for second primary tumors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of performing “panendoscopy” to identify second primary tumors in these patient populations.MethodsA retrospective study of 64 consecutive patients at a university head and neck surgery practice was performed. A cohort of patients with oral cavity or oropharyngeal SCC with no tobacco history who underwent diagnostic panendoscopy were compared with similarly staged patients with a current or past history of tobacco use. Operative reports were examined for synchronous primaries, and epidemiologic data were collected. Subgroup analysis of incidence of synchronous primaries with regard to smoking status, age, sex, T classification, N classification, and location of primary tumor was also carried out. Student's t test statistical analysis was used to ascertain significance.ResultsNo synchronous second primary malignancies were discovered in the nonsmoking patients. In all, 12.1% of smoking patients were diagnosed with synchronous primary cancers on panendoscopy, and this difference was significant (p = .0392).ConclusionsRoutine panendoscopy of the upper aerodigestive tract in patients who have never smoked is unlikely to result in identification of synchronous second primary tumors. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Novel Disubstituted Phenylene‐Linked Bis‐imidazole Derivatives: Facile Synthesis and Optical Properties
Authors: Song Guang‐Liang , Zhu Hong‐Jun , Chen Lei , Liu Shan , Luo Zhong‐Hua 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSix novel disubstituted phenylene‐linked bis‐imidazole derivatives, 3a–3f, were prepared by a one‐pot, microwave‐assisted method under solvent‐free conditions, in yields ranging from 61.6 to 85.6%. The new compounds were characterized by 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, UV/VIS, and fluorescence spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry, as well as by elemental analyses. The influence of substituents and solvents on the optical properties of 3a–3f was investigated. It was found that there is little influence on absorption and excitation spectra in contrast to emission spectra. Compounds 3a–3f exhibit strong fluorescence in solution, their fluorescence quantum yields ranging from 0.27 to 0.96.
A Novel 1‐Glycosyl‐1H‐triazole‐Based P,N Ligand for Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrosilylation of Ketones
Authors: Shen Chao , Zhang Peng‐Fei , Chen Xin‐Zhi 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA novel class of chiral glycosyl‐triazole‐based P,N ligands were synthesized by ‘click chemistry’ and were applied to the Rh‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrosilylation of a range of substituted acetophenones. Enantioselective hydrosilylation of acetophenone gave (S)‐1‐phenylethanol in moderate enantioselectivity (72% ee) and in good conversion (93%).
Synthesis, Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Studies of Novel Symmetrically and Nonsymmetrically 4‐(Methoxycarbonyl)benzyl‐Substituted N‐Heterocyclic Carbene–Silver Acetate Complexes
Authors: Patil Siddappa , Dietrich Karolin , Deally Anthony , Gleeson Brendan , Müller‐Bunz Helge , Paradisi Francesca , Tacke Matthias 
Published: December 2010

AbstractFrom the reaction of 1H‐imidazole (1a), 4,5‐dichloro‐1H‐imidazole (1b), 1H‐benzimidazole (1c), 1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazole (1d), and 1‐methyl‐1H‐benzimidazole (1f) with methyl 4‐(bromomethyl)benzoate (2), symmetrically and nonsymmetrically 4‐(methoxycarbonyl)benzyl‐substituted N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors, 3a–3f, were synthesized. These NHC precursors were then reacted with silver(I) acetate (AgOAc) to yield the NHC–silver acetate complexes (acetato‐κO){1,3‐bis[4‐(methoxycarbonyl)benzyl]imidazol‐2‐ylidene}silver (4a), (acetato‐κO){4,5‐dichloro‐1,3‐bis[4‐(methoxycarbonyl)benzyl]‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl}silver (4b), (acetato‐κO){1,3‐bis[4‐(methoxycarbonyl)benzyl]‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl}silver (4c), (acetato‐κO){1‐[4‐(methoxycarbonyl)benzyl]‐3‐methyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl}silver (4d), (acetato‐κO){4,5‐dichloro‐1‐[4‐(methoxycarbonyl)benzyl]‐3‐methyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl}silver (4e), and (acetato‐κO){1‐[4‐(methoxycarbonyl)benzyl]‐3‐methyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl}silver (4f), respectively. The three NHC–AgOAc complexes 4a, 4c, and 4d were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. All compounds studied in this work were preliminarily screened for their antimicrobial activities in vitro against Gram‐positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram‐negative bacteria Escherichia coli using the qualitative disk‐diffusion method. All NHC–AgOAc complexes exhibited weak‐to‐medium antibacterial activity with areas of clearance ranging from 4 to 7 mm at the highest amount used, while the NHC precursors showed significantly lower activity. In addition, NHC–AgOAc complexes 4a and 4b, and 4d–4f exhibited in preliminary cytotoxicity tests on the human renal‐cancer cell line Caki‐1 medium‐to‐high cytotoxicities with IC50 values ranging from 3.3±0.4 to 68.3±1 μM.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 3,3,6,6‐Tetramethylmorpholine‐2,5‐dione, and Its 5‐Monothioxo and 2,5‐Dithioxo Derivatives
Authors: Mawad Nasser , Ghorbani‐Salman Pour Fatemeh , Linden Anthony , Heimgartner Heinz 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe synthesis of 3,3‐dimethylmorpholine‐2,5‐diones 4a was achieved conveniently via the ‘direct amide cyclization’ of the linear precursors of type 3, which were prepared by coupling of 2,2‐dimethyl‐2H‐azirin‐3‐amines 2 with 2‐hydroxyalkanoic acids 1. Thionation of 4a with Lawesson's reagent yielded the corresponding 5‐thioxomorpholin‐2‐ones 10 and morpholine‐2,5‐dithiones 11, respectively, depending on the reaction conditions. The structures of 3aa, 4aa, 10a, and 11a were established by X‐ray crystallography. All attempts to prepare S‐containing morpholine‐2,5‐dione analogs or thiomorpholine‐2,5‐diones by cyclization of corresponding S‐containing precursors were unsuccessful and led to various other products. The structures of some of them have also been established by X‐ray crystallography.
A novel CAN‐SiO2‐mediated one‐pot oxidation of 1‐keto‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydrocarbazoles to carbazoloquinones: Efficient syntheses of murrayaquinone A and koeniginequinone A
Authors: Chakraborty Suchandra , Chattopadhyay Gautam , Saha Chandan 
Published: December 2010

AbstractOne‐pot oxidations of substituted 1‐keto‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydrocarbazoles (1) to carbazole‐1,4‐quinones (2) are efficiently carried out by CAN‐SiO2‐mediated reaction. This generalized protocol was successfully extended to the synthesis of two naturally occurring carbazoloquinones: murrayaquinone A (2b) and koeniginequinone A (2g). A plausible mechanism for this novel reaction involves formation of a 9‐hydroxy‐2,3,4,9‐tetrahydro‐1H‐carbazole‐1‐one followed by rearrangement to 1‐hydroxycarbazole derivatives, which are further oxidized by cerium (IV) to carbazoloquinones. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Age diversity, age discrimination climate and performance consequences—a cross organizational study
Authors: Kunze Florian , Boehm Stephan A. , Bruch Heike 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis paper deals with the emergence of perceived age discrimination climate on the company level and its performance consequences. In this new approach to the field of diversity research, we investigated (a) the effect of organizational‐level age diversity on collective perceptions of age discrimination climate that (b) in turn should influence the collective affective commitment of employees, which is (c) an important trigger for overall company performance. In a large‐scale study that included 128 companies, a total of 8,651 employees provided data on their perceptions of age discrimination and affective commitment on the company level. Information on firm‐level performance was collected from key informants. We tested the proposed model using structural equation modeling (SEM) procedures and, overall, found support for all hypothesized relationships. The findings demonstrated that age diversity seems to be related to the emergence of an age discrimination climate in companies, which negatively impacts overall firm performance through the mediation of affective commitment. These results make valuable contributions to the diversity and discrimination literature by establishing perceived age discrimination on the company level as a decisive mediator in the age diversity/performance link. The results also suggest important practical implications for the effective management of an increasingly age diverse workforce. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.