bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introducing gross pathology to undergraduate medical students in the dissecting room
Authors: Wood Andrew , Struthers Kate , Whiten Susan , Jackson David , Herrington C. Simon 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPathology and anatomy are both sciences that contribute to the foundations of a successful medical career. In the past decade, medical education has undergone profound changes with the development of a core curriculum combined with student selected components. There has been a shift from discipline‐based teaching towards problem‐based learning. Both anatomy and pathology are perceived to have suffered from this educational shift. The challenge is to introduce methods of learning for these subjects into an integrated student‐centered curriculum. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of pathology in 12 donor cadavers in the dissecting room of the Bute Medical School, University of St Andrews. All of the cadavers had multiple pathologies (between three to four conditions) ranging from common to rare disorders. A number of prostheses and surgical interventions were also noted. This small study confirms that cadaveric dissection provides an excellent opportunity for the integration of anatomy, pathology, and clinical medicine into the early clinical training of undergraduate medical students. The identification of disease in a cadaver provides an excellent introduction to the gross features of a disease process, but does not substitute for the detailed study of a process later in the curriculum. Anat Sci Educ 3: 97–100, 2010. © 2010 American Association of Anatomists.
Kinetik der freien, integralen Quellung von chemisch modifiziertem Holz entlang der Wasserdampf‐Sorptionsisotherme unter luftfreien Bedingungen
Authors: Popper Rudolf , Eberle Gerhild , Niemz Peter 
Published: February 2010

AbstractDie kinetischen, dreidimensionalen Messungen der freien, integralen Quellung wurden an unbehandeltem und an acetyliertem (Acetylgehalt 8,56 %, 20,14 % und 28,63 %) Tannenholz (Abies alba Mill.) entlang der Sorptionsisotherme unter luftfreien Bedingungen durchgeführt. Der zeitliche Verlauf der Quellung in den drei anatomischen Hauptrichtungen und in der transversalen Richtung wurde für das unbehandelte und das acetylierte Holz aufgezeigt sowie der maximale Dimensionsstabilisierungseffekt (ASE) für die jeweilige Modifizierung geschätzt. Die Auswirkung des Partialdruckgradienten des Wasserdampfes auf die mittlere Quellungsgeschwindigkeit wurde behandelt.Kinetic of free integral swelling on chemically modified wood along the water vapour sorption isotherm under air‐free conditions. The kinetic, three‐dimensional measurements of the free integral swelling were accomplished at the untreated and at the acetylated (acetyl content 8.56 %, 20.14 % and 28.63 %) fir wood (Abies alba Mill.) along the sorption isotherm under air‐free conditions. The course of the swelling in the three anatomical main directions and in the transversal direction was presented for the untreated and the acetylated wood. The anti‐swelling efficiency (ASE) for the accomplished modifications was estimated. The effect of the partial pressure gradient of the water vapour on the mean swelling speed was presented.
Verlustfaktor‐Korrektur der Schalldämmung bei gefülltem Ziegelmauerwerk
Authors: Schneider Martin , Weber Lutz , Fischer Heinz‐Martin , Müller Simon , Gierga Michael 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn einem gemeinsamen Forschungsvorhaben der Hochschule für Technik Stuttgart und des Fraunhofer‐Instituts für Bauphysik wurden die akustischen Eigenschaften von mit Dämmstoffen gefüllten Lochziegeln systematisch untersucht. Hierbei zeigte sich, dass sich die gefüllten Steine in ihrem Verhalten nicht wesentlich von ungefüllten Ziegeln unterscheiden. Der wichtigste Unterschied besteht in einer größeren inneren Dämpfung und als Folge davon einer gegenüber gleichartigen ungefüllten Ziegeln um etwa 1 bis 2 dB erhöhten Schalldämmung. Auf Grundlage der Untersuchungsergebnisse wurde ein modifiziertes Verfahren zur Verlustfaktor‐Korrektur der Schalldämmung von Hochlochziegel‐Mauerwerk entwickelt, das für gefüllte und ungefüllte Steine gleichermaßen anwendbar ist.Loss factor correction for hollow bricks filled with insulation material. The acoustic properties of hollow bricks filled with insulation material were systematically investigated in a joint research project by the University of Applied Sciences in Stuttgart and the Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics. The findings showed that the acoustic performance of filled bricks differs only slightly from that of non‐filled bricks. The main difference is greater inner damping and a resulting increase in sound insulation of about 1 to 2 dB compared to non‐filled bricks of the same type. Based on the results of the investigation a modified procedure for the loss factor correction of the sound insulation of vertically perforated hollow brick masonry was developed, which applies equally to filled as well as non‐filled bricks.
A multivariate calibration approach for determination of petroleum hydrocarbons in water by means of IR spectroscopy
Authors: Ruiz María Dolores , Bustamante Isneri Talavera , Dago Angel , Hernández Noslen , Núñez Ana C. , Porro Diana 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe goal of this paper is the development of a multivariate calibration method for the quantitative determination of petroleum hydrocarbons in water and waste water by using FT‐IR spectroscopy and PLS as a regression method to improve the results attained at the present time through the univariate standard method. In order to evaluate the performance of the regression model, four experimental responses obtained from an independent validation set prepared with spiked samples were examined: Root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP), average recovery, standard deviation, and relative standard deviation. In order to compare final results, the univariate model was developed together with the multivariate approach. The results show that the multivariate calibration method outperforms the univariate standard method. The accuracy of the results, capability of detection, and the high index of recovery obtained show that a multivariate calibration approach for the determination of petroleum hydrocarbons in water and waste water by means of IR spectroscopy can be seen as a very promising option to improve the current univariate standard method. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of Mexican hat and dual‐tree complex wavelet transforms on multivariate evaluation of image texture properties
Authors: Engelbrektsson Johan , Abrahamsson Katarina , Breitholtz Johan , Nicholas Mark , Svensson Olof , Wikström Håkan , Josefson Mats 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn the present paper, we apply the Mexican hat wavelet and the dual‐tree complex wavelet transform (DT‐CWT) on five sets of images: synthetic randomly positioned Gaussian peaks, synthetic randomly positioned triangular pillars, compressed score images from NIR, AFM images and images from a time‐dependent process, i.e. tablet dissolution. The shift invariant stationary wavelet transform (SWT) was also compared for the synthetic images. After the transforms, the energy levels of the wavelet scales were calculated as the mean of the absolute values in each part of the 2D wavelet scales. These energy values were used as inputs in principal components analysis to estimate the relative changes in texture. It was shown that the energy values from the Mexican hat wavelet transform have a more repeatable response for high frequency features than DT‐CWT, which implies that the Mexican hat wavelet transform used in this way have the potential to yield better repeatability than DT‐CWT for texture analysis, especially at high spatial frequencies. However, examples are shown where the shift invariant property does not have a major impact on performance for real life samples. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time‐shared NMR experiments
Authors: Parella Teodor , Nolis Pau 
Published: February 2010

AbstractDetails on the implementation of the simultaneous evolution of multiple frequencies into the same time period of a NMR pulse sequence are introduced. Time‐shared (TS) versions of the most useful inverse 2D NMR experiments (TS‐HMBC, TS‐HSQC, TS‐HSQC‐TOCSY, and TS‐HSQMBC) are presented and illustrated for simultaneous acquisition of 1H/13C and 1H/15N NMR spectra. The major benefits associated to the parallel acquisition of multiple spectra from a single NMR experiment are spectrometer time savings and the achievement of multiple and complementary information with improved sensitivity gains per time unit. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 36A: 1–23, 2010.
New solenoidal microcoil NMR probe using zero‐susceptibility wire
Authors: Kc Ravi , Henry Ian D. , Park Gregory H.J. , Aghdasi Abdollah , Raftery Daniel 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe present the construction and performance of a 20‐μL active volume probe that utilizes zero‐susceptibility wire for the detection transceiver coil and a 3.5‐mm outer diameter thin‐wall bubble flow cell to contain the sample. The probe shows good RF homogeneity, resolution, line shape, and sensitivity. The sensitivity and resolution of the 20‐μL probe was compared to those for several other coil configurations, including smaller detection volumes, a thin wire copper coil immersed in susceptibility matching perfluorocarbon FC‐43 (fluorinert) fluid, and a standard 5‐mm probe. In particular, the 1H mass sensitivity, Sm (SNR per micromole), was 3–4‐fold higher than that for the standard 5‐mm probe. Finally, the use of the zero‐susceptibility wire in smaller volume probes is discussed along with potential future improvements and applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 37B: 13–19, 2010
Circulating endothelial cells in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Rigolin Gian Matteo , Maffei Rossana , Rizzotto Lara , Ciccone Maria , Sofritti Olga , Daghia Giulia , Cibien Francesca , Cavazzini Francesco , Marasca Roberto , Cuneo Antonio 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:In patients with cancer, circulating endothelial cells (CECs) are increased and are correlated with an aggressive disease course. However, the clinical and biologic significance of CECs in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) remains uncertain.METHODS:In 170 patients with CLL, CEC levels were quantified by flow cytometry and were correlated with clinical and biologic data. In addition, CECs were characterized by immunophenotypic, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and gene expression profile analyses.RESULTS:In patients with CLL, CECs were increased compared with controls. A higher level of CECs (>20/μL) identified a subset of patients with a more aggressive disease course characterized by a shorter time to first treatment both in univariate and multivariate analyses. In FISH analysis, 7 patients had a significant proportion of CECs and presented with the same cytogenetic lesion of neoplastic lymphocytes and immunophenotypic features of endothelial progenitor cells. The gene expression profile of sorted CECs revealed a molecular pattern, suggesting a derivation from CLL leukemic cells with increased cell survival and proliferation, diminished cell adhesion to extracellular matrix, and enhanced proangiogenic function compared with their normal counterparts.CONCLUSIONS:The current data suggest that, in CLL, CECs may represent a biologic marker of aggressiveness and disease progression to be considered for new, targeted antiangiogenic treatments. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Phase 2 trial of weekly intravenous 1,25 dihydroxy cholecalciferol (Calcitriol) in combination with dexamethasone for castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Chadha Manpreet K. , Tian Lili , Mashtare Terry , Payne Valencia , Silliman Carrie , Levine Ellis , Wong Michael , Johnson Candace , Trump Donald L. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Preclinical data indicate that there is substantial antitumor activity and synergy between calcitriol and dexamethasone. On the basis of these data, the authors conducted a phase 2 trial of intravenous (iv) calcitriol at a dose of 74 μg weekly (based on a recent phase 1 trial) and dexamethasone in patients with castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).METHODS:A 2‐stage Kepner‐Chang design was used. Oral dexamethasone at a dose of 4 mg was given weekly on Days 1 and 2, and iv calcitriol (74 μg over 1 hour) was administered weekly on Day 2 from 4 to 8 hours after the dexamethasone dose in patients with CRPC. Laboratory data were monitored weekly, and renal sonograms, computed tomography scans, and bone scans were obtained every 3 months. Disease response was assessed by using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) and standard criteria for prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) response. The calcitriol dose was delineated by from the authors' recent phase 1 trial.RESULTS:Of 18 evaluable patients, 15 patients were Caucasian (83%). No patients had a complete or partial response by either RECIST or PSA response criteria. Fourteen patients had progressive disease, 2 patients refused to continue treatment (after 64 days and 266 days), and 2 patients remain on the trial (for 306 days and 412 days).The median time to disease progression was 106 days (95% confidence interval, 80‐182 days). Fourteen episodes of grade 3 or 4 toxicity were noted in 7 patients (hyperglycemia, hypocalemia, chest pain, dyspnea, hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, cardiac arrhythmia, and pain). Only 1 episode of grade 3/ 4 toxicity was related definitely to calcitriol (hypercalcemia). No treatment‐related deaths were noted.CONCLUSIONS:High‐dose, iv calcitriol at a dose of 74 μg weekly in combination with dexamethasone was well tolerated but failed to produce a clinical or PSA response in men with CRPC. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Association of diabetes duration and diabetes treatment with the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hassan Manal M. , Curley Steven A. , Li Donghui , Kaseb Ahmed , Davila Marta , Abdalla Eddie K. , Javle Milind , Moghazy Dalia M. , Lozano Richard D. , Abbruzzese James L. , Vauthey Jean‐Nicolas 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Despite the observed association between diabetes mellitus and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), little is known about the effect of diabetes duration before HCC diagnosis and whether some diabetes medications reduced the risk of HCC development. This objective of the current study was to determine the association between HCC risk and diabetes duration and type of diabetes treatment.METHODS:A total of 420 patients with HCC and 1104 healthy controls were enrolled in an ongoing hospital‐based case‐control study. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to adjust for HCC risk factors.RESULTS:The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 33.3% in patients with HCC and 10.4% in the control group, yielding an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 4.2 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 3.0‐5.9). In 87% of cases, diabetes was present before the diagnosis of HCC, yielding an AOR of 4.4 (95% CI, 3.0‐6.3). Compared with patients with a diabetes duration of 2 to 5 years, the estimated AORs for those with a diabetes duration of 6 to 10 years and those with a diabetes duration >10 years were 1.8 (95% CI, 0.8‐4.1) and 2.2 (95% CI, 1.2‐4.8), respectively. With respect to diabetes treatment, the AORs were 0.3 (95% CI, 0.2‐0.6), 0.3 (95% CI, 0.1‐0.7), 7.1 (95% CI, 2.9‐16.9), 1.9 (95% CI, 0.8‐4.6), and 7.8 (95% CI, 1.5‐40.0) for those treated with biguanides, thiazolidinediones, sulfonylureas, insulin, and dietary control, respectively.CONCLUSIONS:Diabetes appears to increase the risk of HCC, and such risk is correlated with a long duration of diabetes. Relying on dietary control and treatment with sulfonylureas or insulin were found to confer the highest magnitude of HCC risk, whereas treatment with biguanides or thiazolidinediones was associated with a 70% HCC risk reduction among diabetics. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Plasma cell‐free DNA in ovarian cancer
Authors: Kamat Aparna A. , Baldwin Mathew , Urbauer Diana , Dang Diana , Han Liz Y. , Godwin Andrew , Karlan Beth Y. , Simpson Joe L. , Gershenson David M. , Coleman Robert L. , Bischoff Farideh Z. , Sood Anil K. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Cell‐free DNA reflects both normal and tumor‐derived DNA released into the circulation through cellular necrosis and apoptosis. The authors sought to determine the role of preoperative total plasma cell‐free DNA levels in predicting clinical outcome in patients with ovarian cancer.METHODS:After institutional review board consent, DNA was extracted from plasma of 164 women with invasive epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC), 49 with benign ovarian neoplasms, and 75 age‐matched controls. The samples were randomly divided into training (n = 144) and validation (n = 144) sets. Quantification of cell‐free DNA was performed using real‐time polymerase chain reaction for β‐globin, and the number of genome equivalents (GE) per milliliter of plasma was determined. Cell‐free DNA was correlated with clinicopathologic parameters.RESULTS:The training and validation sets were similar in terms of demographic features. In the training set, EOC patients had a median preoperative cell‐free DNA level of 10,113 GE/mL, compared with patients with benign ovarian neoplasms (median, 2365 GE/mL; P < .0001) and controls (median, 1912 GE/mL, P < .0001). Cell‐free DNA >22,000 GE/mL was significantly associated with decreased patient survival (P < .001). After adjusting for other clinical variables, preoperative cell‐free DNA >22,000 GE/mL was an independent predictor (P = .02) for disease‐specific survival. Analysis of the validation set confirmed significantly higher cell‐free DNA levels in EOC (median, 13,672 GE/mL) and that cell‐free DNA >22,000 GE/mL was associated with a 2.83‐fold increased risk of death from disease (P < .001).CONCLUSIONS:Preoperative plasma total cell‐free DNA levels are significantly elevated in patients with EOC. Elevated plasma cell‐free DNA is an independent predictor for death from disease in ovarian cancer. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
The treatment of recurrent/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL) with everolimus results in clinical responses and mobilization of CLL cells into the circulation
Authors: Zent Clive S. , LaPlant Betsy R. , Johnston Patrick B. , Call Timothy G. , Habermann Thomas M. , Micallef Ivana N. , Witzig Thomas E. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Patients with recurrent/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL) often have chemotherapy‐resistant disease, resulting in poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to learn if inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) would produce tumor responses.METHODS:This was a phase 2 study of oral single‐agent everolimus (10 mg/day) for recurrent/refractory indolent lymphoid malignancies including CLL.RESULTS:Four of 22 patients with CLL (18%; 95% confidence interval, 5%‐40%) achieved a partial remission to therapy. An unanticipated finding in this study was an increase in absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) associated with a decrease in lymphadenopathy in 8 (36%) patients. ALC increased a median of 4.8‐fold (range, 1.9‐ to 25.1‐fold), and the clinically measurable lymphadenopathy decreased a median of 75.5% (range, 38%‐93%) compared with baseline measurements.CONCLUSIONS:Everolimus has modest antitumor activity against CLL and can mobilize malignant cells from nodal masses into the peripheral circulation in a subset of CLL patients. Because CLL cells in lymphatic tissue and bone marrow can be more resistant to therapy than circulating CLL cells, the ability of everolimus to mobilize CLL cells into the circulation could be used in combination therapeutic regimens. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Error performance for relaying protocols with multiple decode‐and‐forward relays
Authors: Xu Wenbo , Lin Jiaru , Niu Kai , He Zhiqiang 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis paper investigates the error performance of three relaying protocols with multiple decode‐and‐forward relays. In the first protocol, relays that can decode correctly will forward the signals from source. Nevertheless, selection cooperation (SC) and opportunistic relaying (OR) are adopted to select only a single relay to forward in the other two protocols, respectively. At sufficiently high signal‐to‐noise ratio, the upper bounds on bit error probability are derived for three protocols, where the developments apply for various channel fading models. Simulation results are provided to verify the tightness of the analytical bounds, and the performance comparisons among different relaying protocols are presented. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A mathematical technique for approximating the values of melting points of diacylglycerols
Authors: Maruzeni Shoji 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA method of correlating the values of melting points of diacylglycerols (DAG) with the values of the melting points of the two fatty acids constituting the DAG as its acyl radicals was studied by making use of the least squares method. The method was applied to the set of values of melting points of the β crystal form of DAG with acyl radicals comprising decanoyl, lauroyl, myristoyl, palmitoyl, stearoyl, and oleoyl. The melting point of the β crystal form of DAG is approximated by the prediction equations in which the values of the melting points of the two fatty acids are contained as variables. Furthermore, the prediction equations indirectly contain a variable parameter that reflects the physical effect due to the free hydroxyl group in the molecule of DAG. The best‐fit equations can finally be fixed by varying the parameter while satisfying the criterion of least squares. The least squares method with concomitant variable parameter enables us to estimate the melting points of possible molecular species of DAG comprising the acyl radicals above, and will certainly be helpful for designing oleo materials including DAG for industrial use.
Study of variables affecting the synthesis of biodiesel from Madhuca Indica oil
Authors: Kapilan Natesan , Babu T. P. Ashok , Reddy Rana Pratap 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBiodiesel derived from non‐edible Madhuca Indica oil (MIO) seems to be a better alternative to diesel oil in India. In the present work, effects of reaction variables such as mass ratio of methanol to oil, catalyst concentration, reaction time and reaction temperature on biodiesel yield were studied. The acid value of the commercially available MIO is high, and hence a two‐step process was used to produce biodiesel from MIO. In the first step, the acid value of the MIO was reduced to less than 1 mg KOH/g, using acid‐catalyzed transesterification. In the second step, the pretreated MIO was converted to biodiesel using alkaline‐catalyzed transesterification. From the experimental results, it is observed that the optimized conditions for biodiesel production are a 1 : 4 mass ratio of methanol to oil, 55 °C reaction temperature, 120 min of reaction time, and 1% sodium hydroxide catalyst. The properties of the MIO biodiesel were found to be within the biodiesel limits of the European Union. Hence, the MIO biodiesel can be used as a substitute for diesel for the sustainable development of rural areas and as a renewable fuel.