bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical activity in cancer survivors: a field in motion
Authors: Courneya Kerry S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPhysical activity (PA) is an important health behavior in almost any population but it may be particularly helpful for cancer survivors.Objective: To introduce this special issue on PA in cancer survivors and to provide a summary of its important contributions to the field.Methods: A brief historical review of PA research in cancer survivors followed by a narrative review of the articles published in this special issue.Results: This special issue contains 13 original articles reporting 15 studies on PA in cancer survivors. Just over half of the studies focus on breast cancer survivors, whereas the remainder focus on understudied cancer survivor groups such as lung, ovarian, colorectal, prostate, hematologic, and pediatric. Moreover, a majority of the studies focus on the survivorship phase of the cancer continuum. Perhaps the most distinctive feature of this special issue is the number of studies focusing on the determinants of PA. Taken together, the 13 articles make significant contributions in four areas: (1) randomized controlled trials of PA interventions with supportive care endpoints, (2) observational studies on the determinants of PA, (3) observational studies on the ‘determinants of PA determinants’, and (4) studies on methodological and feasibility issues related to conducting PA trials.Conclusions: PA research is making an important contribution to the health and well‐being of cancer survivors across the entire cancer control continuum. This special issue builds on this momentum and provides the single largest collective contribution of knowledge to date in the field of PA in cancer survivors. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dissecting the string theory dual to QCD
Authors: Kiritsis E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractInput from QCD and string theory is used in order to elucidate basic features of the string theory dual of QCD, It is argued that the relevant string theory is a five‐dimensional version of the type‐0 superstring. The vacuum solution is asymptotically AdS5, and the geometry near the boundary is stringy. The structure of YM perturbation theory however emerges near the boundary. In the IR, the theory is argued to be well‐approximated by a two‐derivative truncation that takes into account strong coupling effects. This explains the success of previously proposed five‐dimensional Eistein‐dilaton gravity with an appropriate potential to describe salient features of the strong YM dynamics.
Supersymmetric non‐Abelian black holes and monopoles in Einstein‐Yang‐Mills SUGRAs
Authors: Hübscher M. , Meessen P. , Ortín T. , Vaulà S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe discuss the construction of non‐Abelian black holes and globally regular monopole solutions to N = 2 d = 4 EYM theories. Special emphasis is put on how the attractor mechanism works for the non‐Abelian black holes.
Study of bisphosphonates by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry – influence of alkali atoms on fragmentation patterns
Authors: Guénin Erwann , Lecouvey Marc , Hardouin Julie 
Published: March 2009

Abstract1‐Hydroxymethylene‐1,1‐bisphosphonic acids (or bisphosphonates) are compounds that have interesting pharmacological applications. However, few mass spectrometric investigations have been carried out to determine their fragmentation patterns. Herein, we evaluated different matrices for the study by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOFMS) of the formation and fragmentation of the protonated, the cationized (MNa+ and MK+) and the deprotonated bisphosphonates. Some in‐source fragmentations were observed both in positive and in negative ion modes. The fragmentation patterns obtained in post‐source decay mode are also discussed. In contrast to previous electrospray ionization/multi‐stage mass spectrometry (ESI‐MSn) studies, some new fragmentation pathways were deduced and the effects of alkali ions on the fragmentation patterns were shown. The results summarized here completed the data previously recorded by ESI‐MSn and could be used for the characterization of bisphosphonates as alkali complexes in biological mixtures. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating uncertainty in the calculation of non‐exchangeable hydrogen fractions within organic materials
Authors: Chesson Lesley A. , Podlesak David W. , Cerling Thure E. , Ehleringer James R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe calculated the fraction of exchangeable hydrogen atoms in proteinaceous materials commonly analyzed for stable isotopic composition related to the region‐of‐origin of an animal. These included several types of α‐ and β‐keratin, and muscle tissue. We find that the fraction of H atoms in keratin available for exchange at a biologically relevant temperature (25°C) averaged 9% across a range of ground organic materials, but was as high as ∼17% in cut hair; muscle tissue has ∼12% exchangeable H atoms. Under most analysis conditions, the difference in exchangeable fractions due to physical sample processing has a minimal effect on the calculated δ2H values of the non‐exchangeable H atoms within a keratin‐containing tissue (<2‰). However, extreme mismatches between sample and reference material types could affect δ2H values. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The use of tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy for rapid measurements of the δ13C of animal breath for physiological and ecological studies
Authors: Engel Sophia , Lease Hilary M. , McDowell Nate G. , Corbett Alyssa H. , Wolf Blair O. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this study we introduce the use of tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) as a technique for making measurements of the δ13C of animal ‘breath’ in near real time. The carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) of breath CO2 trace the carbon source of the materials being metabolized, which can provide insight into the use of specific food resources, e.g. those derived from plants using C3 versus C4 or CAM photosynthetic pathways. For physiological studies, labeled substrates and breath analyses provide direct evidence of specific physiological (e.g. fermentative digestion) or enzymatic (e.g. sucrase activity) processes. Although potentially very informative, this approach has rarely been taken in animal physiological or ecological research. In this study we quantify the utilization of different plant resources (photosynthetic types – C3 or C4) in arthropod herbivores by measuring the δ13C of their ‘breath’ and comparing it with bulk tissue values. We show that breath δ13C values are highly correlated with bulk tissues and for insect herbivores reflect their dietary guild, in our case C3‐specialists, C4‐specialists, or generalists. TDLAS has a number of advantages that will make it an important tool for physiologists, ecologists and behaviorists: it is non‐invasive, fast, very sensitive, accurate, works on animals of a wide range of body sizes, per‐sample costs are small, and it is potentially field‐deployable. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epithelial Cells Derived from Human Embryonic Stem Cells Display P16INK4A Senescence, Hypermotility, and Differentiation Properties Shared by Many P63+ Somatic Cell Types
Authors: Dabelsteen Sally , Hercule Paula , Barron Patricia , Rice Meghan , Dorsainville Gregory , Rheinwald James G. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Human embryonic stem (hES) cells can generate cells expressing p63, K14, and involucrin, which have been proposed to be keratinocytes. Although these hES-derived, keratinocyte-like (hESderK) cells form epithelioid colonies when cultured in a fibroblast feeder system optimal for normal tissue-derived keratinocytes, they have a very short replicative lifespan unless engineered to express HPV16 E6E7. We report here that hESderK cells undergo senescence associated with p16INK4A expression, unrelated to telomere status. Transduction to express bmi1, a repressor of the p16INK4A/p14ARF locus, conferred upon hESderK cells and keratinocytes a substantially extended lifespan. When exposed to transforming growth factor beta or to an incompletely processed form of Laminin-332, three lifespan-extended or immortalized hESderK lines that we studied became directionally hypermotile, a wound healing and invasion response previously characterized in keratinocytes. In organotypic culture, hESderK cells stratified and expressed involucrin and K10, as do epidermal keratinocytes in vivo. However, their growth requirements were less stringent than keratinocytes. We then extended the comparison to endoderm-derived, p63+/K14+ urothelial and tracheobronchial epithelial cells. Primary and immortalized lines of these cell types had growth requirements and hypermotility responses similar to keratinocytes and bmi1 expression facilitated their immortalization by engineering to express the catalytic subunit of telomerase (TERT). In organotypic culture, they stratified and exhibited squamous metaplasia, expressing involucrin and K10. Thus, hESderK cells proved to be distinct from all three normal p63+ cell types tested. These results indicate that hESderK cells cannot be identified conclusively as keratinocytes or even as ectodermal cells, but may represent an incomplete form of, or deviation from, normal p63+ lineage development.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation Reverses Multiorgan Dysfunction in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Mice and Humans
Authors: Sun Lingyun , Akiyama Kentaro , Zhang Huayong , Yamaza Takayoshi , Hou Yayi , Zhao Shengnan , Xu Ting , Le Anh , Shi Songtao 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease that, despite the advances in immunosuppressive medical therapies, remains potentially fatal in some patients, especially in treatment-refractory patients. Here, we reported that impairment of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and their associated osteoblastic niche deficiency contribute in part to the pathogenesis of SLE-like disease in MRL/lpr mice. Interestingly, allogenic BMMSC transplantation (MSCT) is capable of reconstructing the bone marrow osteoblastic niche and more effectively reverses multiorgan dysfunction when compared with medical immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide (CTX). At the cellular level, MSCT, not CTX treatment, was capable to induce osteoblastic niche reconstruction, possibly contributing to the recovery of regulatory T-cells and reestablishment of the immune homeostasis. On the basis of the promising clinical outcomes in SLE mice, we treated four CTX/glucocorticoid treatment-refractory SLE patients using allogenic MSCT and showed a stable 12–18 months disease remission in all treated patients. The patients benefited an amelioration of disease activity, improvement in serologic markers and renal function. These early evidences suggest that allogenic MSCT may be a feasible and safe salvage therapy in refractory SLE patients.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Synthesizing interlocked molecules dynamically
Authors: Haussmann Philip C. , Stoddart J. Fraser 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAs the complexity of mechanically interlocked molecular architectures increases, it is important to understand the underlying principles, such as molecular recognition and self‐assembly processes, that govern the practice of template‐directed synthesis necessary to create these particular compounds. In this review, we explain the importance of dynamic processes in the synthesis of mechanically interlocked compounds. We show how many different dynamic covalent bonds have been used in the synthesis of rotaxanes, catenanes, and other higher‐order mechanically interlocked compounds, with the goal of revealing the state of the art in dynamic covalent chemistry. © 2009 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 9: 136–154; 2009: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.20173
Knowledge structure coherence in Turkish students' understanding of force
Authors: Ozdemir, Gokhan , Clark Douglas 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis study investigates Turkish students' knowledge structure coherence in physics. In particular, this study investigates the conflicting findings reported in Ioannides and Vosniadou's [Ioannides and Vosniadou [2002] Cognitive Science Quarterly, 2, 5–61] and diSessa, Gillespie, and Esterly's [diSessa et al. [2004] Cognitive Science, 28, 843–900] studies about students' understandings of force. Ioannides and Vosniadou's study of four different age levels of students in Greece demonstrated broad consistency in students' understandings of force. diSessa and colleagues' quasi‐replication in the United States demonstrated conflicting results supporting a more fragmented elemental perspective on students' knowledge structure coherence. The current study investigates these conflicting findings by studying students in a third country using the analytic methods from both studies to clarify the debate over knowledge structure coherence. The levels of consistency demonstrated by students in the current study are somewhat higher than the levels reported by diSessa, Gillespie, and Esterly according to both coding schemes, but are closer overall to the levels reported by diSessa, Gillespie, and Esterly than to the levels reported by Ioannides and Vosniadou. In addition, closer inspection of students' explanations suggests that students' explanations may code as consistent according to the coding schemes for a particular force meaning category but not actually represent a coherent understanding of that force meaning. These results therefore more closely support fragmented elemental perspectives on knowledge structure coherence. The results, however, demonstrate important systematicities in students' thinking and support the possibility that differences between the student populations in the countries of the original studies contributed to the differences in findings of the original studies. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 46: 570–596, 2009
Improving Uptake of Cardiac Rehabilitation: Using Theoretical Modelling to Design an Intervention
Authors: Mosleh Sultan M. , Kiger Alice , Campbell Neil 
Published: March 2009

Background: Attendance rates at cardiac rehabilitation remain low with typically fewer than 35% of eligible patients attending. Much of the poor attendance stems from invited patients failing to attend. Aim: To design a theoretically based intervention to improve attendance at cardiac rehabilitation. Methods: Our methods followed recommendations that have been developed from the Medical Research Council (MRC) framework for the design of complex interventions. We conducted three processes that progressed simultaneously: 1) literature review for evidence on epidemiology, behavioural theory, and efficacy of interventions; 2) expert meetings on behavioural theory and to select target points for intervention; and 3) development and theoretical modelling of the intervention. Result: Our final interventions were a theoretically worded invitation letter and leaflet based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour and the Common Sense Model of Illness, designed to: a) motivate patients through professional recommendation; b) provide simple information on the contents of cardiac rehabilitation emphasising ease for participants; c) reassure participants that the programme is tailored to their personal needs in a safe supervised environment; and d) reinforce the benefits of attending cardiac rehabilitation. Conclusion: A theoretically worded letter and leaflet could be an inexpensive intervention to improve attendance at cardiac rehabilitation. The letters and leaflets will now be evaluated in a randomised trial.
Stroke and Neurodegenerative Disorders: 3. Poststroke Rehabilitation
Authors: Lew Henry L. , Lombard Lisa A. , Reddy Cara Camiolo , Moroz Alex , Edgley Steven R. , Chae John 
Published: March 2009

ObjectiveThis self‐directed learning module highlights rehabilitation strategies in poststroke rehabilitation. It is part of the study guide on stroke and neurodegenerative disorders in the Self‐Directed Physiatric Education Program for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. Using a case vignette format, this article specifically focuses on typical clinical presentations, recovery patterns, and traditional and innovative therapeutic interventions in poststroke rehabilitation such as constraint‐induced movement therapy, treadmill training, functional electrical stimulation, robot‐aided therapy, virtual reality treatment, cortical stimulation, speech therapy for aphasia, and orthotic management. The goal of this article is to influence the learner's knowledge on the delivery of poststroke rehabilitation treatment.
Sports and Performing Arts Medicine: 4. Events Coverage
Authors: Finnoff Jonathan T. , Willick Stuart , Akau Cedric K. , Harrast Mark A. , Storm Seneca A. 
Published: March 2009

ObjectiveThis self‐directed learning module highlights medical coverage of sports events and artistic performances. It is part of the study guide on sports and performing arts medicine in the Self‐Directed Physiatric Education Program for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. Using a case vignette format, this article specifically focuses on performance anxiety, exercise‐associated collapse, exercise‐induced asthma, transient quadriparesis, stingers/burners and anterior glenohumeral joint dislocations. The goal of this article is to improve the learner's ability to formulate and implement an appropriate evaluation and treatment algorithm for certain conditions associated with sports and performing arts events.
Sports and Performing Arts Medicine: 5. Special Populations
Authors: Willick Stuart , Akau Cedric K. , Harrast Mark A. , Storm Seneca A. , Finnoff Jonathan T. 
Published: March 2009

ObjectiveThis self‐directed learning module highlights common conditions associated with specific populations. It is part of the study guide on sports and performing arts medicine in the Self‐Directed Physiatric Education Program for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. Using a case vignette format, this article specifically focuses on the osteoarthritis and cardiac safety in the senior athlete, hip problems in the pediatric athlete, classification of athletes with disabilities, and the female triad and exercise during pregnancy in female athletes. The goal of this article is to assist the learner in developing an understanding of issues related to specific athletic populations.
Sports and Performing Arts Medicine: 2. Lower Extremity Injuries
Authors: Harrast Mark A. , Storm Seneca A. , Finnoff Jonathan T. , Willick Stuart , Akau Cedric K. 
Published: March 2009

ObjectiveThis self‐directed learning module highlights lower limb sports and performing arts injuries. It is part of the study guide on sports and performing arts medicine in the Self‐Directed Physiatric Education Program for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. Using a case vignette format, this article specifically focuses on hip, knee and ankle pain in athletes and performing artists. The goal of this article is to influence the learner's existing practice techniques for evaluating and managing common lower limb injuries in these populations.
Sports and Performing Arts Medicine: 6. Tendinopathy
Authors: Finnoff Jonathan T. , Willick Stuart , Akau Cedric K. , Harrast Mark A. , Storm Seneca A. 
Published: March 2009

ObjectiveThis self‐directed learning module highlights tendinopathy associated with sports and performing arts. It is part of the study guide on sports and performing arts medicine in the Self‐Directed Physiatric Education Program for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. Using a case vignette format, this article specifically focuses on the etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging, and management recommendations for tendinopathy. The goal of this article is to allow the learner to better describe the pathophysiology and diagnostic imaging characteristics of tendinopathy, and to formulate an appropriate nonsurgical management algorithm for tendinopathies.
Last glacial fire regime variability in western France inferred from microcharcoal preserved in core MD04-2845, Bay of Biscay
Authors: Daniau Anne-Laure , Goñi Maria Fernanda Sánchez , Duprat Josette 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHigh resolution multiproxy analysis (microcharcoal, pollen, organic carbon, Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (s), ice rafted debris) of the deep-sea record MD04-2845 (Bay of Biscay) provides new insights for understanding mechanisms of fire regime variability of the last glacial period in western France. Fire regime of western France closely follows Dansgaard–Oeschger climatic variability and presents the same pattern than that of southwestern Iberia, namely low fire regime associated with open vegetation during stadials including Heinrich events, and high fire regime associated with open forest during interstadials. This supports a regional climatic control on fire regime for western Europe through fuel availability for the last glacial period. Additionally, each of Heinrich events 6, 5 and 4 is characterised by three episodes of fire regime, with a high regime bracketed by lower fire regime episodes, related to vegetational succession and complex environmental condition changes.
Late Pleistocene eolian features in southeastern Maryland and Chesapeake Bay region indicate strong WNW–NW winds accompanied growth of the Laurentide Ice Sheet
Authors: Markewich Helaine W. , Litwin Ronald J. , Pavich Milan J. , Brook George A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractInactive parabolic dunes are present in southeastern Maryland, USA, along the east bank of the Potomac River. More elongate and finer-grained eolian deposits and paha-like ridges characterize the Potomac River–Patuxent River upland and the west side of Chesapeake Bay. These ridges are streamlined erosional features, veneered with eolian sediment and interspersed with dunes in the low-relief headwaters of Potomac- and Patuxent-river tributaries. Axis data for the dunes and ridges indicate formation by WNW–NW winds. Optically stimulated luminescence and radiocarbon age data suggest dune formation from ∼ 33–15 ka, agreeing with the 30–13 ka ages Denny, C.S., Owens, J.P., Sirkin, L., Rubin, M., 1979. The Parsonburg Sand in the central Delmarva Peninsula, Maryland and Delaware. U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 1067-B, 16 pp. suggested for eolian deposits east of Chesapeake Bay. Age range and paleowind direction(s) for eolian features in the Bay region approximate those for late Wisconsin loess in the North American midcontinent. Formation of midcontinent loess and Bay-region eolian features was coeval with rapid growth of the Laurentide Ice Sheet and strong cooling episodes (δ18O minima) evident in Greenland ice cores. Age and paleowind-direction coincidence, for eolian features in the midcontinent and Bay region, indicates strong mid-latitude WNW–NW winds for several hundred kilometers south of the Laurentide glacial terminus that were oblique to previously simulated anticyclonic winds for the last glacial maximum.