bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INNOVATIONS IN PLANT HEALTH SERVICES IN NICARAGUA: FROM GRASSROOTS EXPERIMENT TO A SYSTEMS APPROACH
Authors: Danielsen Solveig , Centeno Julio , López Julio , Lezama Lilliam , Varela Gregorio , Castillo Patricia , Narváez Cony , Zeledón Ivania , Pavón Francisco , Boa Eric 
Published: May 2011

AbstractEstablishing a few community‐based plant clinics in Nicaragua led to a series of innovations in plant health service delivery. A grassroots experiment became a nationwide initiative involving local service providers, universities, research institutions and diagnostic laboratories. This led to the creation of a ‘National Plant Health System’ offering regular advice to farmers. The innovations were driven by a momentum for change, committed individuals, joint learning and flexibility in programme management. External facilitation encouraged experimentation and bolstered growth of new alliances. The development of the national plant health system was constrained by existing work cultures that limit the scope of individual and institutional innovations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
THE IMPACT OF TRADE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH ON THE ENVIRONMENT: REVISITING THE CROSS‐COUNTRY EVIDENCE
Authors: Kleemann Linda , Abdulai Awudu 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis paper explores the inter‐relations between economic growth, international trade and environmental degradation empirically by using panel data. Previous critique, especially on the econometric specification, is embedded. Several environmental factors and one sustainability indicator are analysed. The results indicate that there is an environmental Kuznets curve for most pollutants, but with several reservations. None of the various hypotheses that concern the link between trade and environmental degradation can be entirely confirmed. There is modest support for the pollution haven hypothesis. In addition, trade liberalisation might be beneficial to sustainable development for rich countries but harmful to poor ones. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sequential injection‐bead injection‐lab‐on‐valve coupled to high‐performance liquid chromatography for online renewable micro‐solid‐phase extraction of carbamate residues in food and environmental samples
Authors: Vichapong Jitlada , Burakham Rodjana , Srijaranai Supalax , Grudpan Kate 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA sequential injection‐bead injection‐lab‐on‐valve system was hyphenated to HPLC for online renewable micro‐solid‐phase extraction of carbamate insecticides. The carbamates studied were isoprocarb, methomyl, carbaryl, carbofuran, methiocarb, promecarb, and propoxur. LiChroprep® RP‐18 beads (25–40 μm) were employed as renewable sorbent packing in a microcolumn situated inside the LOV platform mounted above the multiposition valve of the sequential injection system. The analytes sorbed by the microcolumn were eluted using 80% acetonitrile in 0.1% acetic acid before online introduction to the HPLC system. Separation was performed on an Atlantis C‐18 column (4.6×150 mm, 5 μm) utilizing gradient elution with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and a detection wavelength at 270 nm. The sequential injection system offers the means of performing automated handling of sample preconcentration and matrix removal. The enrichment factors ranged between 20 and 125, leading to limits of detection (LODs) in the range of 1–20 μg/L. Good reproducibility was obtained with relative standard deviations of <0.7 and 5.4% for retention time and peak area, respectively. The developed method has been successfully applied to the determination of carbamate residues in fruit, vegetable, and water samples.
Separation of adrenergic amines in Citrus aurantium L. var. amara by capillary electrochromatography using a novel monolithic stationary phase
Authors: Chizzali Evelyn , Nischang Ivo , Ganzera Markus 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis manuscript reports on the use of capillary electrochromatography for the determination of tyramine, (±) synephrine, and (±) octopamine, the major alkaloids in bitter orange peel. A novel methacrylate‐based monolithic stationary phase was prepared by UV‐photopolymerization in 100 μm id fused‐silica capillaries. It facilitated the quantitative assessment of alkaloids with a mobile phase comprising aqueous 10 mM ammonium acetate in ACN and isopropanol. Applied voltage and temperature were 25 kV and 25°C, and samples were injected in electrokinetic mode. The method reported herein revealed adequate sensitivity (LOD ≤0.6 μg/mL), repeatability (σrel ≤4.1%), accuracy (recovery rates between 95.2 and 102.2%), and precision (intra‐day variation ≤5.7%, inter‐day variation ≤4.1%). The application of the CEC assay on C. aurantium var. amara plant material and dietary supplements, which usually are advertised for slimming properties, indicated that synephrine (0.17–0.82%) is the dominant alkaloid.
High‐performance laser welding
Authors: Rominger Volker 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn terms of performance and beam parameter product the latest solid‐state lasers have advanced into the domain of CO2 lasers. This has increased the maximum piece thickness that can be welded. While the process parameters are comparable, however, the two laser technologies differ – depending on the feed rate – regarding penetration depth and weld quality. This is mainly due to the laser radiation being absorbed differently.
Laser drilling in gas turbine blades
Authors: Beck Thomas 
Published: May 2011

AbstractDrilling applications represent about 5 % of the industrial laser materials processing applications. Cooling holes in gas turbines for aircrafts as well as for power plants are one of the main applications. The improvement of productivity has led to several drilling strategies with respect to laser sources (thermal drilling and ablation drilling), the beam handling, beam distribution, and handling of the work piece, all of which contribute to the overall efficiency of the process and a high productivity. We present the successful development and implementation of a combination of laser systems with different pulse durations for drilling complex 3D geometries (see Fig. 1).
Laser welding & heat flux thermography
Authors: Hierl Thomas 
Published: May 2011

AbstractLatest developments in heat flux thermography show that the reliable detection of all relevant welding defects has now – finally – become a reality. While testing previously required two‐sided access, it is now also possible to carry out testing from only one side; the range of weld seam types that can be tested fully automated has been expanded to include complex weld seam geometries. The implementation of various levels of automation and flexible interfaces enables the integration into a wide range of manufacturing and testing environments.
Some characterizations for weighted Morrey‐Campanato spaces
Authors: Tang Lin 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we establish some new characterizations for weighted Morrey‐Campanato spaces by using the convolution \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\varphi _{t_B}*f$\end{document} to replace the mean value fB of a function f in the weighted Morrey‐Campanato norm, where \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\varphi \in {\cal S}({{\mathbb R}^n})$\end{document} is an appropriate Schwartz function. © 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
A concept of general monotonicity and applications
Authors: Liflyand E. , Tikhonov S. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn this paper we investigate properties of the general monotone sequences and functions, a generalization of monotone sequences and functions as well as of those of bounded variation. Some applications to various problems of analysis are given. © 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Using the 12‐item General Health Questionnaire to screen psychological distress from survivorship to end‐of‐life care: dimensionality and item quality
Authors: Gao Wei , Stark Daniel , Bennett Michael I. , Siegert Richard J. , Murray Scott , Higginson Irene J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed (i) to determine the factor structure of the 12‐item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ‐12) across the cancer trajectory represented by samples from three cancer care settings and (ii) to appraise the item misfit and differential item functioning (DIF) of the GHQ‐12.Data and methodsData were from cancer outpatient (n = 200), general community (n = 364) and palliative care (n = 150) settings. The factor structure was tested using exploratory factor analysis followed by confirmatory factor analysis. The factors were assessed for correlation using Spearman's ρ. The analyses were run separately for standard GHQ, Likert, modified Likert and chronic GHQ scoring and for the individual cancer settings. The best scoring method within the cancer setting was determined by Akaike's information criterion (AIC). Item misfit (mean square, MNSQ; standardised z‐score, ZSTD) and DIF were assessed using the Rasch model.ResultsThe best scoring method was the chronic GHQ for the cancer outpatient (AIC = −45.8), modified Likert for the general community (AIC = 9.6) and standard GHQ for the palliative care (AIC = −43.0). The GHQ‐12 displayed a correlated two‐factor structure (‘social dysfunction’ and ‘distress’); Spearman ρ values were 0.69, 0.82 and 0.88 in the cancer outpatient, the general community and the palliative care, respectively. One item in the palliative care indicated misfit (MNSQ = 1.62, ZSTD = 3.0). Five items in the cancer outpatient showed DIF by gender and age. Two items in the palliative care showed DIF by gender.ConclusionsThe GHQ‐12 was more problematic (less clear factor structure and evidence of item bias) for newly diagnosed patients, less problematic for patients approaching end‐of‐life and satisfactory for patients between those times. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial variation in divorce and separation: compositional or contextual effects?
Authors: Kulu Hill 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTThe aims of this study were to examine spatial variation in the risk of union dissolution (divorce or separation) and to investigate the causes of this variation. Although there is an increased interest in variations in divorce and separation across countries, surprisingly, few studies have examined the spatial variation in the levels of union disruption within countries. Using rich retrospective survey data from Austria, we examined the relative contributions of demographic and socio‐economic characteristics, selective migrations, and contextual factors to spatial variation in the risk of union dissolution. Our study showed, first, that union dissolution levels varied significantly across counties, as expected. Second, geographical differences in the type of union (cohabitation or marriage) accounted for some spatial variation in the risk of separation. Third, the socio‐economic characteristics of couples and selective migrations did not explain any of the spatial variations in the union dissolution levels. Fourth, a significant spatial variation in separation and divorce after controlling for compositional factors suggested that there were also contextual factors. We examined the role of various contextual characteristics for explaining spatial variation in divorce and separation, including the level of urbanisation, economic well‐being of an area, and characteristics measuring the cultural‐normative climate of a region. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generic and specific social learning mechanisms in foreign entry location choice
Authors: Belderbos René , Olffen Woody Van , Zou Jianglei 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe combine economic and institutional theories of clustering in foreign entry location choice in an overarching social learning conceptualization. Prospective entrants learn about the attractiveness of alternative locations by observing the entry choices of previous investors (‘models’). We distinguish two types of learning that differ in observational focus width but can and do operate simultaneously. With assessment learning, firms judge the economic feasibility and agglomeration benefits of entering a location by observing and following a broad set of models. With bandwagon learning, firm‐level uncertainty narrows attention to, and prompts the following of, specific models, with recentness of model behavior an important moderator. We find broad support for our conceptualization in an analysis of the entries of 692 Japanese electronics firms into Chinese provinces during 1979–2001. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dual Enlargement of Gold Nanoparticles: From Mechanism to Scanometric Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Cao Cuong , Gontard Lionel Cervera , Thuy Tram Le Ly , Wolff Anders , Bang Dang Duong 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA mechanism of dual enlargement of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) comprising two steps is described. In the first step, the AuNPs are enlarged by depositing Au atoms on their crystalline faces. In this process, the particles are not only enlarged but they are also observed to multiply: new Au nuclei are formed by the budding and division of the enlarged particles. In the second step, a silver enhancement is subsequently performed by the deposition of silver atoms on the enlarged and newly formed AuNPs to generate bimetallic Au@Ag core–shell structures. The dual nanocatalysis greatly enhances the electron density of the nanostructures, leading to a stronger intensity for colorimetric discrimination as well as better sensitivity for quantitative measurement. Based on this, a simple scanometric assay for the on‐slide detection of the food‐born pathogen Campylobacter jejuni is developed. After capturing the target bacteria, gold‐tagged immunoprobes are added to create a signal on a solid substrate. The signal is then amplified by the dual enlargement process, resulting in a strong color intensity that can easily be recognized by the unaided eye, or measured by an inexpensive flatbed scanner. In this paper, dual nanocatalysis is reported for the first time. It provides a valuable mechanistic insight into the development of a simple and cost‐effective detection format.
Evolution of Control Models for Secondary Cooling in Continuous Casting Process of Steel
Authors: Dou Zhichao , Liu Qing , Wang Bao , Zhang Xiaofeng , Zhang Jianfeng , Hu Zhigang 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSecondary cooling control is an important factor in the continuous steel casting process. This paper reviews popular control models and analyzes their principles and characteristics. On the basis of the review, this paper proposes a new concept called “effective‐superheat” and a new control model called “synthetical model dynamic control method based on online temperature measurement.” The model, which combines the advantages of the popular models reviewed, not only allows steady, accurate and dynamic control of slab surface temperature, but also provides the temperature profile and the end of the liquid pool. In addition, this paper also discusses the current problems with secondary cooling control and the related development trends, which may be helpful for further development of secondary cooling control technology and informationization of the continuous casting process.
Production of Strong Steel‐Aluminum Composites by Formation of Intermetallic Phases in Compound Forging
Authors: Behrens Bernd‐Arno , Kosch Klaus‐Georg 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn times of increasing energy costs automotive light weight construction is gaining more importance. The production of hybrid compounds by forging is a promising method to successfully manufacture functional parts by applying resource‐saving process steps. However, in compound forging of steel‐aluminum parts shrinking gaps may form because of the different thermal expansion coefficients. To avoid these unwanted gaps, it is necessary to achieve a firmly bonded joint e.g. by intermetallic phases. This paper deals with the investigation of the influences of different sample preparations, process parameters and true strains on the formation of intermetallic phases. Thus, the optimum production parameters for compound forging of steel‐aluminum parts will be determined.
Heterogeneous Phase Transformation Texture Evolution in Low Alloyed ULC Steel Sheets
Authors: Gautam Jai , Petrov Roumen , Leunis Elke , Kestens Leo A.I. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn the present study the cold rolled sheet of ultra low carbon steel alloyed with manganese and aluminium has been investigated after α − γ − α transformation annealing in vacuum. The texture analysis was carried out on the surface, sub‐surface and in the bulk of the annealed sheet. A <100> // ND and <110>//ND texture with weak intensity is observed on the sheet surface and a strong <111>//ND fibre in the bulk of the transformed sheet. In depth micro‐texture analysis by orientation contrast microscopy reveals that two different types of orientation selection mechanisms could be active. The texture at the metal‐vapour interface is controlled by surface energy anisotropy (producing a local <100>, <110>//ND texture at the surface) and a texture memory mechanism generating strong <111>//ND fibre is active in the bulk of the sheets.
Extended X‐Ray Absorption Fine Structure Investigation of Carbon Stabilized Expanded Austenite and Carbides in Stainless Steel AISI 316
Authors: Oddershede Jette , Christiansen Thomas L. , Ståhl Kenny , Somers Marcel A.J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractLow temperature carburized AISI 316 stainless steel ‐ carbon expanded austenite ‐ was investigated with EXAFS and synchrotron diffraction together with synthesized carbides of the type M3C2, M7C3 and M23C6. It was found that the chemical environment of carbon expanded austenite is not associated with any of the investigated carbides, that carbon has a strong affinity for chromium, i.e. short range order, and that carbon is in solid solution.
Evaluation of potential variables contributing to the development and duration of plantar lesions in a population of aquarium‐maintained African penguins (Spheniscus demersus)
Authors: Erlacher‐Reid Claire , Dunn J. Lawrence , Camp Tracy , Macha Laurie , Mazzaro Lisa , Tuttle Allison D. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBumblefoot (pododermatitis), often described as the most significant environmental disease of captive penguins, is commonly due to excessive pressure or trauma on the plantar surface of the avian foot, resulting in inflammation or necrosis and causing severe swelling, abrasions, or cracks in the skin. Although not formally evaluated in penguins, contributing factors for bumblefoot are thought to be similar to those initiating the condition in raptors and poultry. These factors include substrate, body weight, and lack of exercise. The primary purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate variables potentially contributing to the development and duration of plantar lesions in aquarium‐maintained African penguins (Spheniscus demersus), including sex, weight, age, season, exhibit activity, and territory substrate. Results indicate that males develop significantly more plantar lesions than females. Penguins weighing between 3.51 and 4.0 kg develop plantar lesions significantly more often than penguins weighing between 2.5 and 3.5 kg, and because male African penguins ordinarily weigh significantly more than females, weight is likely a contributing factor in the development of lesions in males compared with females. Significantly more plantar lesions were observed in penguins standing for greater than 50% of their time on exhibit than swimming. Penguins occupying smooth concrete territories developed more plantar lesions compared with penguins occupying grate territories. Recommendations for minimizing bumblefoot in African penguins include training penguins for monthly foot examinations for early detection of plantar lesions predisposing for the disease, encouraging swimming activity, and replacing smooth surfaces on exhibit with surfaces providing variable degrees of pressure and texture on the feet. Zoo Biol 31:291–305, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genistein supplementation in patients affected by Sanfilippo disease
Authors: Delgadillo Verónica , O'Callaghan Maria del Mar , Artuch Rafael , Montero Raquel , Pineda Mercedes 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackgroundMucopolysaccharidosis type III (Sanfilippo syndrome) is a group of autosomal recessive disorders caused by a deficiency in one of the four enzymes involved in the lysosomal degradation of heparan sulfate. Genistein supplementation has been proposed as a potential therapy for the reduction of substrates in patients with these disorders.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and potential side effects of genistein supplementation in MPS III patients.MethodsOpen‐label study, with 19 children (10 males and 9 females) enrolled with confirmed diagnosis of MPS III (age range 2.8–19 years). Patients were supplemented with genistein (5 mg kg−1 day−1) for 1 year. Clinical evaluation, hair morphology, urinary glycosaminoglycan analysis, study of nutritional parameters, and other routine biochemical tests were performed.ResultsWe did not observe an improvement in the disability scale; after genistein treatment, in most patients there was an increased disability score or it remained unchanged. There was a relative decrease in the recurrence of infections and gastrointestinal symptoms, as well as improvement in skin texture and hair morphology. Glycosaminoglycan levels were above normal at all control points and showed great variability in their elimination.ConclusionOur results suggest that genistein supplementation at 5 mg kg−1 day−1 did not improve disability estimated by using a particular scale.
Differential effects on sensory functions and measures of epidermal nerve fiber density after application of a lidocaine patch (5%) on healthy human skin
Authors: Wehrfritzl Andreas , Namerl Barbara , Ihmsenl Harald , Muellerl Christiane , Filitzl Jörg , Koppertl Wolfgang , Lefflerl Andreas 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTopical application of lidocaine is an effective approach for treatment of post‐herpetic neuralgia and other painful neuropathies. Lidocaine inhibits voltage‐gated Na+ channels and it most likely reduces excitability of cutaneous sensory neurons which can be hyperexcitable or spontaneously active in states of neuropathic pain. However, lidocaine and other local anesthetics also exert a pronounced neurotoxicity and they activate the irritant receptors TRPV1 and TRPA1. In this randomized and double‐blinded study, we explored the ability of lidocaine patches (5%) to alter sensory function and epidermal nerve fiber density in skin of healthy volunteers. As assessed by quantitative sensory testing, significantly elevated thresholds for touch, pin prick pain and mechanically induced wind‐up were observed in skin treated with lidocaine patches. These effects reversed to baseline values within 2 days after termination of the treatment. Pressure pain and thresholds for heat and cold‐induced pain were not affected by the lidocaine patch. A moderate but significant decrease in epidermal nerve fiber density was observed in skin blister roofs obtained after 42 days of treatment with lidocaine patches. The placebo patch did not induce any changes in sensory thresholds or nerve fiber density. In conclusion, lidocaine patches seem to have differential effects on sensory modalities in healthy skin. A degeneration of epidermal nerve fibers has previously been demonstrated for patches containing the TRPV1‐agonist capsaicin and our findings suggest that this effect might also be relevant for lidocaine patches. These data warrant further studies on molecular mechanisms mediating a relief of neuropathic pain by topical lidocaine.