bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Haeckel
Authors: Elinson Richard P. , Kezmoh Lorren 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMore than a century ago, Ernst Haeckel created embryo drawings to illustrate the morphological similarity of vertebrate early embryos. These drawings have been both widely presented and frequently criticized. At the same time that the idea of morphological similarity was recently attacked, there has been a growing realization of molecular similarities in the development of tissues and organs. We have surveyed genes expressed in vertebrate embryos, and we have used them to construct drawings that we call Molecular Haeckels. The Molecular Haeckels emphasize that, based on gene expression, there is a greater similarity among vertebrate embryos than even Haeckel might have imagined. Developmental Dynamics 239:1905–1918, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The outcome of cross‐priming during virus infection is not directly linked to the ability of the antigen to be cross‐presented
Authors: Alatery Attiya , Tarrab Esther , Lamarre Alain , Basta Sameh 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe initiation of CD8+ T cell (CTL) immune responses can occur via cross‐priming. Recent data suggested a relationship between cross‐presentation and immunodominance of epitope‐specific T cells. To test this association, we evaluated the efficacy of cross‐presentation for several virus epitopes in vitro and examined if this can be extrapolated in vivo. Employing lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), we demonstrate that the cross‐presentation and cross‐priming of LCMV antigens were dominated by NP396, but not NP205 when analyzing the LCMV‐NP. Although with LCMV‐GP, cross‐presentation was dominated by GP276, and cross‐priming was dominated by GP33. Importantly, although NP396 was significantly more efficient than GP33 in cross‐presentation, cross‐priming of their specific CTL was comparable. In a subsequent virus challenge after cross‐priming, GP33‐specific CTL dominated the response. Accordingly, based on our data, the ability of viral epitopes to be cross‐presented in vitro does not entirely reflect what would occur in cross‐priming. Thus, weak cross‐presenting antigens may still cross‐prime an efficient CTL response depending on other in vivo elements such as the naïve T‐cell precursor frequencies.
Enhanced protection to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in IL‐10‐deficient mice is accompanied by early and enhanced Th1 responses in the lung
Authors: Redford Paul S. , Boonstra Andre , Read Simon , Pitt Jonathan , Graham Christine , Stavropoulos Evangelos , Bancroft Gregory J. , O'Garra Anne 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIL‐10 regulates the balance of an immune response between pathogen clearance and immunopathology. We show here that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection in the absence of IL‐10 (IL‐10−/− mice) results in reduced bacterial loads in the lung. This reduction was preceded by an accelerated and enhanced IFN‐γ response in the lung, an increased influx of CD4+ T cells into the lung, and enhanced production of chemokines and cytokines, including CXCL10 and IL‐17, in both the lung and the serum. Neutralization of IL‐17 affected neither the enhanced production of CXCL10 nor the accumulation of IFN‐γ‐producing T cells in the lungs, but led to reduced numbers of granulocytes in the lung and reduced bacterial loads in the spleens of Mtb‐infected mice. This suggests that IL‐17 may contribute to dissemination of Mtb.
The Adaptable Coordination Chemistry of 6‐Chloro‐2‐(quinolin‐2‐yl)‐2,4‐dihydro‐1H‐benzo[d][1,3]oxazine Towards Zinc(II) and Mercury(II)
Authors: Ardizzoia G. Attilio , Brenna Stefano , Therrien Bruno 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe coordination chemistry of 6‐chloro‐2‐(quinolin‐2‐yl)‐2,4‐dihydro‐1H‐benzo[d][1,3]oxazine (LH2) towards zinc and mercury has been explored. The ligand exhibits high versatility and provides different environments to the metal centre as a function of its diverse coordination modes. In one of the isolated and characterized complexes, [Zn(LOH)Cl2], the zinc centre is found pentacoordinated with the ligand present in an iminic “open” structure. The oxidized form, which contains the 4H‐benzo[d][1,3]oxazine part (L), is also encountered in [Zn(L)Cl2], whereas the crystal structure of the trinuclear compound [Hg3(LH2)2Cl6] shows the ligand LH2 in its original arrangement.
Preparation of Cobalt‐Containing Ligands with NHC‐ and/or P‐Coordinating Sites and Their Application in Heck Reactions: The Formation of an Unexpected Cobalt‐Containing Zwitterionic Complex
Authors: Guo Chi‐Shing , Weng Chia‐Ming , Hong Fung‐E 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAn unexpected cobalt‐containing zwitterionic complex, [{(μ‐PPh2CH2PPh2)Co2(CO)4}{μ,η‐(R1)PC≡CCH2(R2)}] (8; R1 = Ph2Bz; R2 = 3‐CoBr3‐1‐benzimidazole), has been obtained during an attempt to modify the imidazole moiety in the alkyne‐bridging dicobalt complex [{(μ‐PPh2CH2PPh2)Co2(CO)4}{μ,η‐Ph2PC≡CCH2(IM)}] (5; IM = benzimidazole) to a carbene‐type substituent by reaction with benzyl bromide. As revealed in the crystal structure of 8, it is clear that the benzyl bromide was nucleophilically attacked by the phosphane moiety of 5 with the result the addition of the benzyl moiety. This phosphane site in 8 is in a tetrahedral environment and presumably cationic in nature. In addition, an unusual anionic species CoBr3– was found to have attached itself to the free nitrogen site of the imidazole moiety. Thus 8 can be regarded as an unusual metal‐containing zwitterionic complex. When the phosphane site of 5 was replaced by a non‐reactive substituent, for example, [{(μ‐PPh2CH2PPh2)Co2(CO)4}{μ,η‐RC≡CCH2(IM)}] (5′: R = H; 5­­_O: R = Ph2(O)P), nucleophilic attack took place exclusively on the imidazole moiety and led to the formation of [{(μ‐PPh2CH2PPh2)Co2(CO)4}{μ,η‐RC≡CCH2(IM′)}+]Br– [9′: R = H; 9_O: R = Ph2(O)P; IM′ = 3‐benzyl‐1H‐benzimidazole]. Complex 9′ could act as a carbene precursor, which was demonstrated by the formation of the bis‐9′‐coordinated palladium complex [trans‐({(μ‐PPh2CH2PPh2)Co2(CO)4}{μ,η‐HC≡CCH2(IM′)})2PdBr2] (11) on treatment with [Pd(cod)Cl2]. Fair‐to‐good efficiencies were observed in Heck reactions employing either isolated 11 or in situ 9′/PdCl2 (2:1) as the catalytic precursor.
Better Performance of Monodentate P‐Stereogenic Phosphanes Compared to Bidentate Analogues in Pd‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylations
Authors: Grabulosa Arnald , Muller Guillermo , Ceder Rosa , Maestro Miguel Ángel 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe cationic allylpalladium complexes 3a–3f, 4a, 4e, 5e of type [Pd(η3‐2‐Me‐C3H4)P2]PF6 were synthesized using a group of monodentate P‐stereogenic phosphanes, P=PPhRR′ (a–f) and diphosphanes (PhRPCH2)2 (1a, 1e) or PhRPCH2Si(Me)2CH2PPhR (2e). The analogous cationic complexes with the disubstituted allyl group (η3‐1,3‐Ph2‐C3H3) and monodentate phosphanes were not isolated as stable solids; only [PdCl(η3‐1,3‐Ph2‐C3H3)P] (6a, 6d) were obtained. Palladium allyl complexes were screened as precatalysts in the allylic substitution of rac‐3‐acetoxy‐1,3‐diphenyl‐1‐propene (I) and (E)‐3‐acetoxy‐1‐phenyl‐1‐propene (III) with dimethyl malonate as the nucleophile. The various catalytic precursors showed a wide range of activity and selectivity. The bismonodentate phosphane complexes 3 are more active than the bidentate analogues. With regard to the regioselectivity, precursors containing monodentate phosphanes favour the formation of the linear product in the allylic substitution of cinnamyl acetate (III) compared with those containing bidentate phosphanes. With substrate I, compounds with the diphosphanes 1a and 1e, containing a five‐membered chelate ring, gave low enantioselectivities (less than 10 % ee), but those with the diphosphane 2e, forming a six‐membered chelate ring or with two monodentate phosphanes, afforded products with moderate enantioselectivity under standard conditions (ee up to 74 %). The results show that the performance of precursors containing monodentate phosphanes was superior to those containing bidentate ligands in both activity and selectivity.
Lanthanide Complexes Coordinated by a Dianionic Bis(amidinate) Ligand with a Rigid Naphthalene Linker
Authors: Yakovenko Marina V. , Cherkasov Anton V. , Fukin Georgy K. , Cui Dongmei , Trifonov Alexander A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe synthetic pathway to a new bis(amidine) ligand with a conformationally rigid naphthalene linker, 1,8‐C10H6[NHC(tBu)=N(2,6‐Me2–C6H3)][N=C(tBu)NH(2,6‐Me2–C6H3)] (3) was elaborated. Deprotonation of this bis(amidine) ligand with two equivalents of nBuLi and subsequent reaction with anhydrous LnCl3 (Ln = Y, Nd, Sm) allowed the synthesisof the chlorido complexes [1,8‐C10H6{NC(tBu)N‐2,6‐Me2–C6H3}2]YCl(dme) (4), [1,8‐C10H6{NC(tBu)N‐2,6‐Me2–C6H3}2]Nd(dme)(μ‐Cl)2Li(dme) (5), and [1,8‐C10H6{NC(tBu)N‐2,6‐Me2–C6H3}2]Sm(thf)(μ‐Cl)2Li(thf)2 (6), which are coordinated by the linked dianionic bis(amidinate) ligand. The structures of complexes 4–6 were established by X‐ray diffraction studies, which reveal that the new ligand framework can coordinate to the lanthanide atoms in different fashions depending on the central atom ion size. Alkylation of complex 6 with equimolar amounts of LiCH2SiMe3 afforded the unexpected amido–amidinate complex [{1,8‐C10H6(NC(tBu)N‐2,6‐Me2–C6H3)2}{1,8‐C10H6(NC(tBu)N‐2,6‐Me2–C6H3)(NH)}Sm][Li(dme)3] (7), which obviously results from the cleavage of one amidinate group during decomposition of the transient alkyl species and ligand redistribution.
Germanate Frameworks Constructed from Oxo Germanium Cluster Building Units
Authors: Lin Zhi‐En , Yang Guo‐Yu 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis article describes the recent research progress in the field of crystalline germanate frameworks with oxo germanium clusters as building units. By using different amine molecules or transition‐metal complexes as the structure‐directing agents, new oxo germanium clusters, such as Ge7, Ge8, Ge9, Ge10, and Ni@Ge14 units, have been prepared and organized into extended frameworks with chain‐like, tubular, layered, slab‐like, and three‐dimensional structures. The combination of different types of oxo germanium clusters in the same crystalline framework provides an additional way to tune the framework structures. Besides their rich structural chemistry, the germanate frameworks exhibit interesting properties including ion‐exchange, microporosity, and thermal stability, suggesting their potential application in molecular sieving and catalysis.
Characterization of “Cd10S4(SPh)12”, the Thermal Decomposition Product of (NMe4)4[Cd10S4(SPh)16]: Synthesis of a Neutral Cd54 Sulfide Cluster and of a Polymeric Chain of Thiolate‐Bridged Cd17 Sulfide Clusters
Authors: Bendova Maria , Puchberger Michael , Schubert Ulrich 
Published: June 2010

AbstractContrary to claims in the literature that a cluster of the composition of “Cd10S4(SPh)12” was formed by thermal treatment of (NMe4)4[Cd10S4(SPh)16], experimental evidence was gathered that the core structure of the cluster is not exclusively retained and other CdS species are also formed. When “Cd10S4(SPh)12” was treated with PhSH/NEt3 only a part of the material was converted into (NHEt3)4[Cd10S4(SPh)16]. From solutions of “Cd10S4(SPh)12” in strongly coordinating solvents the new neutral CdS clusters Cd54S28(SPh)52Lx (L = pyridine, DMSO or DMF) and [Cd17S4(SPh)26py]∞ were crystallized. The latter forms polymeric chains of phenylthiolate‐bridged Cd17 units.
Dichotomous Reactivity in the Reaction of Triethyl‐ and Triphenylphosphane HBr Salts with Dimethyl Acetals: A Novel Entry to α‐Alkoxy‐Functionalized Ylides and General Synthesis of Vinyl Ethers and Alkoxy Dienes
Authors: Das Priyabrata , McNulty James 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe discovery of dichotomous reactivity in the reaction of trialkyl‐ vs. triphenylphosphane HBr salts with acetals allows entry to functionalized α‐methoxy phosphonium salts and a novel process for tertiary phosphane methylation. The new protocol opens a general entry to the synthesis of vinyl ethers and differentially substituted 1,3‐dienes via Wittig reactions of the functionalized ylides derived from the α‐methoxy phosphonium salts.
Morphology and Electrochemical Properties of the Bismuth Film Electrode Ex Situ Electrochemically Plated from Perchloric Acid
Authors: Bobrowski Andrzej , Królicka Agnieszka , Zarębski Jerzy 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe performance of a bismuth film electrodes (BiFEs) plated ex situ from 0.17 M Bi(III) in 1.0 M HClO4 in anodic (ASV) and catalytic adsorptive stripping voltammetry (CAdSV) has been demonstrated. The BiFEs were prepared by plating bismuth on the glassy carbon support at the deposition potentials of −0.3 V and −1.0 V, for two charges: 10 mC or 25 mC. The morphology of the films was examined via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and their electrochemical characteristics were investigated by differential pulse (DPV) and square wave (SWV) stripping voltammetry. The ASV responses of Cd(II), Pb(II), In(III), Tl(I) and the catalytic AdSV response of Ti(IV) ions were examined. The morphology of the deposits was evaluated and its influence on the Cd(II) and Ti(IV) voltammetric responses was discussed.
A Host‐Guest‐Recognition‐Based Electrochemical Sensor for Sequence‐Specific DNA Detection
Authors: Fan Hao , Xing Rong , Wang Xiuhua , Xu Ying , Wang Qingjiang , He Pingang , Fang Yuzhi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe herein constructed a sensor that converts target DNA hybridization‐induced conformational transformation of the probe DNA to electrochemical response based on host‐guest recognition and nanoparticle label. In the sensor, the hairpin DNA terminal‐labeled with 4‐((4‐(dimethylamino)phenyl)azo)benzoic acid (dabcyl) and thiol group was immobilized on Au electrode surface as the probe DNA by Au‐S bond, and the CdS nanoparticles surface‐modified with β‐cyclodextrins (CdS‐CDs) were employed as electrochemical signal provider and host‐guest recognition element. Initially, the probe DNA immobilized on electrode kept the stem‐loop configuration, which shielded dabcyl from docking with the CdS‐CDs in solution due to the steric effect. After target hybridization, the probe DNA underwent a significant conformational change, which forced dabcyl away from the electrode. As a result, formerly‐shielded dabcyl became accessible to host‐guest recognition between β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) and dabcyl, thus the target hybridization event could be sensitively transduced to electrochemical signal provided by CdS‐CDs. This host‐guest recognition‐based electrochemical sensor has been able to detect as low as picomolar DNA target with excellent differentiation ability for even single mismatch.
Homocysteine Voltammetry at a Mercury Electrode in the Presence of Nickel Ions
Authors: Galík Michal , Bănică Florinel‐Gabriel , Bănică Ana , Švancara Ivan , Vytřas Karel 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAt a mercury electrode, Hcy and Cys yield similar cathodic stripping peaks connected to the reduction of the pertinent mercury thiolate. However, due the different behavior as a ligand for nickel ion, the above compounds perform very differently in the presence of this ion. Whereas the nickel ion at a high enough concentration suppresses the Cys peak, in the case of Hcy it causes the cathodic peak to shift to more negative potentials. The peculiar behavior of Hcy is due to the stabilization of the mercury thiolate surface layer by intermolecular Ni2+ bridges within the surface layer. Conversely, in the case of Cys, the nickel ion strongly competes with the mercury ion and leads to the formation of a surface adsorbed bis‐cysteinatonickelate complex, which prevents the formation of mercury cysteinate. Such a difference allows determining Hcy by cathodic stripping voltammetry in the presence of nickel ion with no Cys interference.
Nonenzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensor Based on Pt Nanoparticles/Mesoporous Carbon Matrix
Authors: Su Chang , Zhang Cheng , Lu Guoqiang , Ma Chunan 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA nonenzymatic amperometric sensor for sensitive and selective detection of glucose has been constructed by using highly dispersed Pt nanoparticles supported onto mesoporous carbons (MCs). The Pt nanoparticles/mesoporous carbons (Pt/MCs) composites modified electrode displayed high electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of glucose. At an applied potential of 0.1 V, the Pt/MCs electrode has a linear dependence (R=0.996) in the glucose concentration up to 7.5 mM with a sensitivity of 8.52 mA M−1 cm−2. The Pt/MCs electrode has also shown highly resistant toward poisoning by chloride ions and without interference from the oxidation of common interfering species.
Comparative Study of the Determination of Parabens in Shampoos by Liquid Chromatography with Amperometric and Coulometric Detection
Authors: Murakami Kazuo , Watanabe Hayaki , Tateno Tsuyako , Kauffmann Jean‐Michel 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe simultaneous determination of four para‐hydroxybenzoic acid esters (parabens) in shampoos was studied by liquid chromatography (LC) with amperometric (LC‐AD) and coulometric (LC‐CD) detection. The parabens were separated on an ODS C18 reversed column by isocratic elution with a mobile phase based on methanol‐0.1 M acetic acid (60 : 40%, v/v) with 0.02 M NaClO4 at a flow rate of 0.8 mL min−1. The limit of detection (S/N>3) for the analytes was in the 15–25 pg (injected mass) range at an applied potential of 1.20 V vs. Ag/AgCl using the LC‐AD and in the 2–3 pg range at a potential of 0.790 V vs. Pd using the LC‐CD. The peak ratio of the internal standard peak (IS: 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid sec‐butyl ester) versus the analyte peak was found to be related to the amount injected from 0.1 ng to 100ng (r=0.996–0.999) with the LC‐AD and from 0.050 ng to 100 ng range (r=0.999–1.000) with the LC‐CD. The relative standard deviation (RSD, n=10) was comprised between 1.8 to 3.5% by LC‐AD ( 5 ng injected) and between 2.0 to 2.4% by LC‐CD (0.5 ng injected). The determination of four most used parabens in ten different shampoos was successfully realized.
Sedimentary evidence of Late Holocene human activity in the Pearl River delta, China
Authors: Zong Y. , Yu F. , Huang G. , Lloyd J. M. , Yim W. W.‐S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis study examines the sedimentary evidence of human activities during the last 4000 years in the Pearl River deltaic area. The analyses are focused on indentifying agricultural signatures present in the sedimentary record and establishing the timing of a change from a simple, rice‐based agriculture to a more advanced, diverse agriculture. The examination is based on modern sediment and plant samples and a sediment core collected from the deltaic area. The analyses include particle size and diatom analysis to determine the environmental conditions that were associated with the period of human activities. Organic carbon isotope ratios and major metal elements reveal an expansion in commercial crop production and metal smelting in the Pearl River delta area about 2000 years ago. The input of organic matter from introduced sugarcane, a C4 plant, elevates the bulk organic carbon isotope values in the estuarine sediments above that represented by other common agricultural crops in the study area, including rice, banana and lotus, which are all C3 plants. The increase in bulk organic isotopic value coincides with the rise in the concentration of copper, iron and lead in the sedimentary sequence, suggesting a wider use of metal tools. These results indicate that advanced agriculture started about 2000 years ago as an expansion in human population took place in the area. This record also provides sedimentary evidence that help ascertain the timing and type of human activities that are linked to subsequent land reclamation on the deltaic plain, resulting in rapid shoreline advancement in the last 2000 years. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ovarian cycle and embryonic development inGammarus fossarum: Application for reproductive toxicity assessment
Authors: Geffard Olivier , Xuereb Benoit , Chaumot Arnaud , Geffard Alain , Biagianti Sylvie , Noël Claire , Abbaci Khedidja , Garric Jeanne , Charmantier Guy , Charmantier-Daures Mireille 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAmong freshwater invertebrates, Gammarus fossarum is an important test organism and is currently used in ecotoxicology for acute and chronic assays; nevertheless, reproductive toxicity test methods are not yet available for these species. In the present study, the reproductive cycle in Gammarus fossarum was characterized in order to propose a reproductive toxicity test encompassing molting, follicle growth, and embryonic development that will provide a better understanding of the mode of action of chemicals disrupting these hormone-regulated processes. A detailed description of the reproductive cycle in Gammarus fossarum was obtained. As in some amphipods, molt and reproductive cycles of G. fossarum females occur concurrently, lasting 30 d at 12°C. Each molt stage is characterized by a specific marsupial embryonic development stage and the size of developing follicles visible on the ovarian membrane. Based on these results, a 21-d reproductive toxicity test is proposed for this species. This new bioassay was applied to identify the specific impact of different stressors: cadmium, methomyl, nonylphenol, and a starvation diet. Good reproducibility was obtained for different endpoints under control conditions and throughout the experiments. Preliminary robust reference values or benchmarks were proposed for these endpoints. Cadmium was found to specially inhibit secondary vitellogenesis. Nonylphenol had a specific concentration-dependent effect on embryonic development, with an increase in the percent abnormality from a concentration of 0.05 µg/L. A restricted food diet led to a significant delay in the molt cycle, which in turn induced inhibition of secondary vitellogenesis. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2249–2259. © 2010 SETAC
Characterization of acetylcholinesterase from the brain of the Amazonian tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) and in vitro effect of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides
Authors: Assis Caio Rodrigo Dias , Castro Patrícia Fernandes , Amaral Ian Porto Gurgel , Carvalho Elba Verônica Matoso Maciel , Carvalho Luiz Bezerra , Bezerra Ranilson Souza 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn the present study, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from the brain of the Amazonian fish tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) was partially characterized and its activity was assayed in the presence of five organophosphates (dichlorvos, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, and tetraethyl pyrophosphate [TEPP]) and two carbamates (carbaryl and carbofuran) insecticides. Optimal pH and temperature were 7.0 to 8.0 and 45°C, respectively. The enzyme retained approximately 70% of activity after incubation at 50°C for 30 min. The insecticide concentration capable of inhibiting half of the enzyme activity (IC50) for dichlorvos, chlorpyrifos, and TEPP were calculated as 0.04 µmol/L, 7.6 µmol/L, and 3.7 µmol/L, respectively. Diazinon and temephos did not inhibit the enzyme. The IC50 values for carbaryl and carbofuran were estimated as 33.8 µmol/L and 0.92 µmol/L, respectively. These results suggest that AChE from the juvenile C. macropomum brain could be used as an alternative biocomponent of organophosphorus and carbamate biosensors in routine pesticide screening in the environment. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2243–2248. © 2010 SETAC
Flame Spray Synthesis of Nanoscale La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3–δ and Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3–δ as Cathode Materials for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Heel A. , Holtappels P. , Hug P. , Graule T. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractElectrochemical performance and degradation was analysed by conductivity measurements as well as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) under different atmospheres. CO2 was identified as a critical parameter in terms of carbonate formation from Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3–δ and causes a strong increase in the material resistivity, whereas La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3–δ is unaffected. The oxygen exchange kinetic of both compositions is affected by CO2 containing atmospheres.