bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Energy Picosecond Lasers: Ready for Prime Time
Authors: Weingarten Kurt 
Published: May 2009

AbstractHigh‐pulse energy picosecond laser systems provide industrial‐level reliability combined with the performance features required for many ultrafast material processing applications. Current diodepumped solid‐state systems provide pulse energies into the 100's of microjoules at 1064 nm wavelength and pulse widths of approximately 10 picoseconds, which allows effective “cold” ablation of most materials with high efficiency. Average power of these systems is scalable up to 50 W and will further increase into the multi‐100 W range, allowing for very high speed picosecond micromachining.This article first reviews the basics of picosecond micromachining, gives a short perspective on the development of these lasers over the last few decades, then summarizes their current performance. We review some of the applications that are enabled with these lasers, before we discuss future developments in this rapidly changing field.
Solvent Influence on Propagation Kinetics in Radical Polymerizations Studied by Pulsed Laser Initiated Polymerizations
Authors: Beuermann Sabine 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe influence of the reaction medium (organic solvents, water, ionic liquids, supercritical CO2) on the propagation rate in radical polymerizations has very different causes, e.g., hindered rotational modes, hydrogen bonding or electron pair donor/acceptor interactions. Depending on the origin of the solvent influence propagation rate coefficients, kp, may be enhanced by up to an order of magnitude associated with changes in the pre‐exponential or the activation energy of kp. In contrast, non‐specific interactions, size and steric effects lead to rather small changes in the vicinity of the radical chain end and are reflected by modest variations in kp.magnified image
Nanoelectrospray emitters: Trends and perspective
Authors: Gibson Graham T.T. , Mugo Samuel M. , Oleschuk Richard D. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe benefits of electrospray ionization are many, including sensitivity, robustness, simplicity and the ability to couple continuous flow methods with mass spectrometry. The technique has seen further improvement by lowering flow rates to the nanoelectrospray regime (<1,000 nL/min), where sample consumption is minimized and sensitivity increases. The move to nanoelectrospray has required a shift in the design of the electrospray source which has mostly involved the emitter itself. The emitter has seen an evolution in architecture as the shape and geometry of the device have proved pivotal in the formation of sufficiently small droplets for sensitive MS detection at these flow rates. There is a clear movement toward the development of emitters that produce multiple Taylor cones. Such multielectrospray emitters have been shown to provide enhanced sensitivity and sample utilization. This article reviews the development of nanoelectrospray emitters, including factors such as geometry and the manner of applying voltage. Designs for emitters that take advantage of multielectrospray are emphasized. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 28:918–936, 2009
Prognostic indicators of poor short‐term outcome of physiotherapy intervention in women with stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Hendriks Erik J.M. , Kessels Alfons G.H. , de Vet Henrica C.W. , Bernards Arnold T.M. , de Bie Rob A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAimsTo identify prognostic indicators independently associated with poor outcome of physiotherapy intervention in women with primary or recurrent stress urinary incontinence (stress UI).MethodsA prospective cohort study was performed in physiotherapy practices in primary care to identify prognostic indicators 12 weeks after initiation of physiotherapy intervention. Patients were referred by general practitioners or urogynecologists. Risk factors for stress UI were examined as potential prognostic indicators of poor outcome. The primary outcomes were defined as poor outcome on the binary Leakage Severity scale (LS scale) and the binary global perceived effectiveness (GPE) score.ResultsTwo hundred sixty‐seven women, with a mean age of 47.7 (SD = 8.3), with stress UI for at least 6 months were included. At 12 weeks, 43% and 59% of the women were considered recovered on the binary LS scale and the binary GPE score, respectively. Prognostic indicators associated with poor outcome included 11 indicators based on the binary LS scale and 8 based on the binary GPE score. The prognostic indicators shared by both models show that poor recovery was associated with women with severe stress UI, POP‐Q stage > II, poor outcome of physiotherapy intervention for a previous UI episode, prolonged second stage of labor, BMI > 30, high psychological distress, and poor physical health.ConclusionsThis study provides robust evidence of clinically meaningful prognostic indicators of poor short‐term outcome. These findings need to be confirmed by replication studies. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:336–343, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fibrin glue versus martius flap interpositioning in the repair of complicated obstetric vesicovaginal fistula. A prospective multi‐institution randomized trial
Authors: Safan Ahmed , Shaker Hassan , Abdelaal Abdalla , Mourad M. Sherif , Albaz Mohammed 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAimsTo examine the efficacy of using fibrin glue (FG) as an interpositioning layer in the repair of complicated vesioovaginal fistulae (VVFe) as compared to the classical repair using martius flaps (Ml′).MethodsThe study was conducted in 3 African institutions. Forty female patients with complicated VVFs were randomized into 2 groups. Group A were repaired anatomically using PG as interpositioning layer. Group B were repaired anatomically using MF as an interpositioning layer. FG used in this study was prepared from patients own blood. Complicating factors were recurrence, local moderate lo severe fibrosis, fistula location involving the bladder neck, and or size of the fistola being more than 1.5 cm in its largest diameter. Patients were evaluated after 2 weeks, one month and 3 months postoperatively.ResultsThirty eight patients were evaluable as 2 patients, one from each group, lost to follow‐up. Patient demographics were not different between the two study groups. The frequency of occurrence of complicating factors was not different between the 2 groups. Thirteen of group A and eleven from group B were rendered dry and that was maintained for as long as they were followed‐up. The difference in the outcome was not statistically significant.ConclusionThe use of FG as an interpositioning layer during the vaginal anatomical repair of complicated VVF appears to be of great value as an alternative to the use of MF interpositioning. Decreasing the operative time and adding simplicity to the already complicated procedure are additional values of using this procedure. Neurourol. Urodynam. 28:438–441, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Geometrical modeling of granular structures in two and three dimensions. Application to nanostructures
Authors: Benabbou A. , Borouchaki H. , Laug P. , Lu J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA granular structure can be modeled by a parallelepiped containing spherical balls in three dimensions or by a rectangle filled with disks in two dimensions. These grains (spherical balls or disks) are separated by interfaces called grain boundaries and their size correspond to a size distribution, which is obtained experimentally. The geometrical modeling of such a structure consists in determining the repartition of the set of disjoint grains according to these specifications. In this paper, a new constructive algorithm based on an advancing‐front approach, usually used in the context of mesh generation, is proposed. This algorithm is nearly linear in complexity, robust and fast in both two and three dimensions. Enhancements in computing time and density are observed and reported via comparisons with existing methods. Moreover, we propose a method to transform spherical balls (disks) into polyhedral (polygonal) cells similar to the real grain shapes. Examples of nanostructure modeling in two and three dimensions are presented. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A uniform estimate for the MMOC for two‐dimensional advection‐diffusion equations
Authors: Wang Kaixin , Wang Hong 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe prove an optimal‐order error estimate in a weighted energy norm for the modified method of characteristics (MMOC) and the modified method of characteristics with adjusted advection (MMOCAA) for two‐dimensional time‐dependent advection‐diffusion equations, in the sense that the generic constants in the estimates depend on certain Sobolev norms of the true solution but not on the scaling diffusion parameter ε. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2010
Organic–inorganic polypyrrole‐surface modified SiO2 hybrid nanocomposites: a facile and green synthetic approach
Authors: Yuvaraj Haldorai , Shim Jae‐Jin , Lim Kwon Taek 
Published: May 2009

AbstractOrganic–inorganic hybrid nanocomposites composed of conductive polypyrrole (PPy) and surface modified silica (SiO2) were successfully prepared through an in situ chemical oxidative polymerization in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2). SiO2 nanoparticles were surface modified using 3‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) in order to disperse well in the medium. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the SiO2 nanoparticles were encapsulated into the polymer. UV‐visible spectra of the diluted colloidal dispersions of PPy/SiO2 hybrid nanocomposites were similar to those of PPy system. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) suggested the strong interaction between PPy and SiO2. Surface characterizations of nanocomposites were described by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The nanocomposites synthesized in scCO2 have been shown to possess higher electrical conductivity and thermal stability. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Medical, psychological, cognitive and educational late‐effects in pediatric low‐grade glioma survivors treated with surgery only
Authors: Turner Christopher D. , Chordas Christine A. , Liptak Cori C. , Rey‐Casserly Celiane , Delaney Brian L. , Ullrich Nicole J. , Goumnerova Liliana C. , Scott R. Michael , Begley Heather C. , Fletcher William J. , Yao Xiaopan , Chi Susan , Kieran Mark W. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackgroundSurgical resection is often the only treatment necessary for pediatric low‐grade gliomas (LGGs) and is thought to define a population with an excellent long‐term prognosis. The goal of this study was to describe the multidimensional late‐effects of pediatric LGG survivors treated exclusively with surgery.MethodsA retrospective chart review of “surgery‐only” LGG survivors followed at Dana‐Farber/Children's Hospital Cancer Care was undertaken. Patients had to be diagnosed with an LGG before the age of 22 years, treated with “surgery‐only” and be at least 2 years from diagnosis.ResultsSixty survivors were eligible with a median age at the time of review of 16.3 years and the median time since diagnosis of 8.4 years. Tumor locations were predominantly posterior fossa (47%) or cortical (33%). Eighty‐five percent of patients had at least one ongoing late‐effect, and 28% had three or more. The most common late‐effects consisted of motor dysfunction (43%), visual problems (32%), anxiety (19%), social difficulties (19%), seizure disorders (17%), depression (15%), poor coordination/ataxia (14%), behavioral problems (13%), and endocrinopathies (10%). Nine patients had a history of suicidal ideation; two with suicide attempts. The mean full‐scale IQ was normal, however, the number of survivors scoring one standard deviation below the mean was twice the expected number. Special education services were utilized by more than half of the survivors.Conclusions“Surgery‐only” LGG survivors may be more affected by their tumor and its resection than previously appreciated. A prospective study is needed to address this survivor population. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:417–423. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Barriers to adherence and hypertension control in a racially diverse representative sample of elderly primary care patients
Authors: Turner Barbara J. , Hollenbeak Christopher , Weiner Mark G. , Ten Have Thomas , Roberts Craig 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPurposeTo examine the effect of antihypertensive adherence on blood pressure and barriers to adherence in racially diverse elderly patients.MethodsTelephone survey of a representative sample of 300 of all 3416 hypertensive patients aged >70 from four urban primary care practices. From electronic records, we calculated subjects' annual mean systolic blood pressure. We asked about the last missed antihypertensive dose in six time intervals. Based on association with blood pressure control, non‐adherence was defined as missing any dose in the past 3 months. Subjects were also asked about six domains of adherence barriers: health, personal support, drug coverage, medication filling and use, doctor–patient interaction and knowledge. All models adjust for demographics, treatment regimen and sampling weights.ResultsThe 202 subjects (67% response rate) were: female (65.9%), black (64.8%), mean age 77.4 years (5.49) and on mean 2.4 (SD 1.3) antihypertensive drugs. Mean annual systolic pressure for non‐adherent subjects (22% of the cohort) was higher than adherent subjects (137.7 vs.133.4 mmHg, p = 0.065). After adjustment, the association between adherence and blood pressure was stronger in black than white patients (p = 0.007). In an initial model, being unaware of Medicare Part D had a lower adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of adherence (p < 0.05). In the final model, adherence barriers were: medication filling/use (run out of pills [AOR 0.25, CI 0.09‐0.66] and 28% reduction per each of eight barriers); doctor–patient interaction (less important to discuss hypertension [AOR 0.32, CI 0.12–0.84]); and knowledge (38% lower AOR per incorrect answer about diseases unrelated to hypertension).ConclusionSelf‐reported adherence was associated with a higher blood pressure, especially in elderly black patients. To promote adherence, our data suggest targeting: filling prescriptions, prioritizing hypertension care and educating about effects of hypertension. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cancer incidence in The Health Improvement Network
Authors: Haynes Kevin , Forde Kimberly A. , Schinnar Rita , Wong Patricia , Strom Brian L. , Lewis James D. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe utility of electronic medical record databases for clinical research relies on the validity and completeness of the recorded medical diagnoses. This study assessed whether the recorded incidence of cancer among patients in The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database is comparable to that expected in the UK based on national cancer registry data.MethodsWe examined incidence rates of any cancer other than non‐melanoma skin cancer and the specific cancers colorectal, lung, pancreas, and lymphoma from 1992 to 2007. Indirect standardization was used to calculate standardized incidence ratios (SIR) using age‐ and sex‐specific rates from the UK cancer registry for England and Wales for the corresponding years.ResultsRecording of the incidence of all cancers combined in THIN was very close to the expected rates from 2001 to 2007, that is, SIR within 10% of unity. Recording of the solid cancers was less than the expected based on cancer registry data, but with SIRs > 0.80 in 2007 for each cancer. Recording of lymphoma was close to the expected rate for the entire follow‐up period. Time and experience with Vision software emerged as important factors in reported incidence rates for all cancers.ConclusionsFor all cancers combined and for lymphoma the observed rates in THIN are very close to those reported in cancer registry data for the years 2001–2007. However, for solid cancers the observed rates in THIN are below those reported in cancer registry data. This may reflect the use of non‐specific codes to record solid cancers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patterns of medication use in the immigrant population resident in Spain: associated factors
Authors: Carrasco‐Garrido P. , Jiménez‐García R. , Hernández Barrera V. , López de Andrés A. , Gil de Miguel A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPurposeThis study mainly aimed at to ascertain to ascertain the prevalence of the consumption of medications, prescribed and self‐medicated, among the immigrant population (economic immigrants and not economic immigrants) resident in Spain, and to identify the factors associated with such consumption in this population.MethodsWe have worked with individualized secondary data, collected in the Spanish National Health Survey carried out in 2006 and 2007 (SNHS‐06), from the Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs. A total of 2055 subjects born outside Spain, aged 16 years or over, were analysed. The independent variables were sociodemographic and health‐related, and the dependent variable was medication use. Using logistic multivariate regression models we have estimated the independent effect of each of these variables on the medication consumption.ResultsThe 55.8% of immigrant population responded affirmatively to having consumed some type of medication. The drugs that registered the highest consumption prevalence were analgesics (53.09%). It should be stressed here that 8.75% of the not economic immigrant population has consumed antibiotics. The variables that were independently and significantly associated with a greater probability of medication consumption were: sex, age, presence of chronic disease, use of alternative medicines and a negative perception of health. The most strongly associated variable is medical consultation.ConclusionsThe prevalence of medication use higher among economic immigrant women. In our population, the use of alternative medicines use and medical visits to the physician are associated with higher consumption. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship between computerized physician order entry and pediatric adverse drug events: a nested matched case‐control study
Authors: Yu Feliciano , Salas Maribel , Kim Young‐il , Menachemi Nir 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis study assesses the impact of computerized physician order entry (CPOE) implementation in pediatric hospitals on reported adverse drug events. Using a nested matched case‐control design; we linked CPOE implementation information from the health information management systems society analytics database with reported adverse drug event (ADE) from the national association of children's hospitals and related institutions case mix comparative data program. Differences were examined using univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses. Patients from CPOE hospitals were more frequently seen in larger hospitals have more co‐morbidities than those from non‐CPOE hospitals. When matched by admitting diagnosis, age, gender and race, ADE cases were associated with more reported co‐morbidities, and were reported less frequently in hospitals with CPOE. Patients from hospitals without CPOE were 42% more likely to experience reportable ADE after adjusting for the presence of co‐morbidities. In conclusion, we found significant beneficial associations between reportable ADE and CPOE adoption in a representative sample of pediatric hospitals. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The temperament and character profile of a body dysmorphic disorder outpatient sample
Authors: Mancuso Serafino G. , Knoesen Natalie P. , Chamberlain James A. , Cloninger C. Robert , Castle David J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackground Given the paucity in research investigating personality in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), this study examined the temperament and character profile of BDD outpatients, and explored the relationship between BDD symptom severity and the temperament and character dimensions.Method Thirty‐three consecutive BDD outpatients completed the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire (DCQ), Self‐Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and the Social Interactional Anxiety Scale (SAIS). Thirty non‐clinical controls completed the TCI, DCQ and Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire.Results Compared with non‐clinical controls, BDD patients reported significantly higher Harm Avoidance (HA) scores (p < 0.001) and significantly lower Self‐Directedness (SD; p < .001) and Cooperativeness (C) scores (p = 0.04). The finding for C, however, may be confounded by age. For the BDD sample, DCQ scores were positively related to HA scores and negatively related to SD scores.Discussion Results suggest a temperament and character profile for BDD comprising high HA, low SD and possibly low C. High HA and low SD may represent non‐specific risk factors in the development of BDD. Further research with siblings of cases and controls is required to demonstrate the causal role of antecedent personality traits. Additional research with larger samples is also required to investigate the possible confounding effects of delusionality, depression and social anxiety in the relationship between BDD and temperament and character. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐controlled synthesis of hyperbranched poly(ether‐ketone)s from A2 + B3 approach in poly(phosphoric acid)
Authors: Jeon In‐Yup , Tan Loon‐Seng , Baek Jong‐Beom 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSelf‐controlled synthesis of hyperbranched poly(ether‐ketone)s (HPEKs) were prepared from “A2 + B3” approach by using different monomer solubility in reaction medium. 1,3,5‐Triphenoxybenzene as a hydrophobic B3 monomer was reacted with commercially available terephthalic acid or 4,4′‐oxybis(benzoic acid) as a hydrophilic A2 monomer in a hydrophilic reaction medium, polyphosphoric acid (PPA)/phosphorous pentoxide (P2O5). The resultant HPEKs were soluble in various common organic solvents and had the weight‐average molecular weight in the range of 3900–13,400 g/mol. The results implied that HPEKs were branched structures instead of crosslinked polymers. The molecular sizes and shapes of HPEKs were further assured by morphological investigation with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Hence, the applied polymerization condition was indeed strong enough to efficiently facilitate polycondensation via “direct” Friedel‐Crafts reaction without gelation. It could be concluded that the polymer forming reaction was kinetically controlled by automatic and slow feeding of the hydrophobic B3 monomer into the hydrophilic reaction mixture containing hydrophilic comonomer. As a result, hyperbranched structures were formed instead of crosslinked polymers even at full conversion (equifunctional monomer feed ratio). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 3326–3336, 2009