bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rate and synchronicity of environmental changes on a shallow carbonate platform (Late Oxfordian, Swiss Jura Mountains)
Authors: STRASSER ANDRÉ , VÉDRINE STÉPHANIE , STIENNE NOÉMIE 
Published: May 2011

AbstractRecent global change occurs within decades and leaves a significant imprint on shallow carbonate platforms. To what extent can rate and synchronicity of environmental changes in the past be evaluated in order to allow comparisons with the processes and products of today? Sections of a carbonate‐dominated platform of Late Oxfordian age have been logged in detail in the Swiss Jura Mountains. The time frame, based on ammonite biostratigraphy and the hierarchical stacking of the sedimentary sequences, suggests that these formed by low‐amplitude, high‐frequency sea‐level changes in tune with the orbital cycles. The smallest unit, the elementary sequence, can thus be attributed to the 20 kyr precession cycle. By identifying sequence‐stratigraphic elements such as maximum‐flooding surfaces within an elementary sequence, an even higher time resolution can be obtained and reconstructions of changes in water depth and sea‐level are attempted. Sedimentation rates were highly irregular and discontinuity surfaces are common. Correlation of such surfaces from one section to the other is tentative because they could also have formed locally and are not necessarily synchronous. On the scale of elementary sequences, the vertical facies evolution permits interpretation of changes in water depth, which were produced by eustatic sea‐level changes (allocyclic) and/or by autocyclic processes. The distribution of clay minerals indicates changes of sea‐level, as well as of rainfall in the hinterland. Biotic changes were controlled by water depth and water quality, and also by nutrient and clay input. Carbon and oxygen isotopes do not show significant shifts within the elementary sequences. The original ecological, mineralogical and geochemical signals have partly been homogenized because of time‐averaging through bioturbation and through reworking by storms, and because of diagenetic modifications. Consequently, there is potential to interpret environmental changes on the studied carbonate platform but the time resolution is not better than a few thousand years. The rates and the synchronicity of the processes leading to the observed environmental changes can thus be estimated only within this time frame.
Evolution and sedimentology of a channel fill in the sandy braided South Saskatchewan River and its comparison to the deposits of an adjacent compound bar
Authors: ASHWORTH PHILIP J. , SAMBROOK SMITH GREGORY H. , BEST JAMES L. , BRIDGE JOHN S. , LANE STUART N. , LUNT IAN. A. , REESINK ARNOLD J. H. , SIMPSON CHRISTOPHER J. , THOMAS ROBERT E. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe depositional stratigraphy of within‐channel deposits in sandy braided rivers is dominated by a variety of barforms (both singular ‘unit’ bars and complex ‘compound’ bars), as well as the infill of individual channels (herein termed ‘channel fills’). The deposits of bars and channel fills define the key components of facies models for braided rivers and their within‐channel heterogeneity, knowledge of which is important for reservoir characterization. However, few studies have sought to address the question of whether the deposits of bars and channel fills can be readily differentiated from each other. This paper presents the first quantitative study to achieve this aim, using aerial images of an evolving modern sandy braided river and geophysical imaging of its subsurface deposits. Aerial photographs taken between 2000 and 2004 document the abandonment and fill of a 1·3 km long, 80 m wide anabranch channel in the sandy braided South Saskatchewan River, Canada. Upstream river regulation traps the majority of very fine sediment and there is little clay (< 1%) in the bed sediments. Channel abandonment was initiated by a series of unit bars that stalled and progressively blocked the anabranch entrance, together with dune deposition and stacking at the anabranch entrance and exit. Complete channel abandonment and subsequent fill of up to 3 m of sediment took approximately two years. Thirteen kilometres of ground‐penetrating radar surveys, coupled with 18 cores, were obtained over the channel fill and an adjacent 750 m long, 400 m wide, compound bar, enabling a quantitative analysis of the channel and bar deposits. Results show that, in terms of grain‐size trends, facies proportions and scale of deposits, there are only subtle differences between the channel fill and bar deposits which, therefore, renders them indistinguishable. Thus, it may be inappropriate to assign different geometric and sedimentological attributes to channel fill and bar facies in object‐based models of sandy braided river alluvial architecture.
PCR–DGGE method for in planta detection and identification of Phytophthora species
Authors: Rytkönen A. , Lilja A. , Hantula J. 
Published: May 2011

SummaryWe have developed a method to detect multiple species of Phytophthora directly in infected plant tissues. The method is based on the polymerase chain reaction and uses Phytopththora‐specific primers and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR–DGGE). The method distinguished most of the 16 Phytophthora species tested. Very closely related species might not, however, be identified using the method. The detection efficiency was high and successful in eight different plant tissues tested. The PCR–DGGE detection tool developed here will be a fast and inexpensive method suitable for pathogen surveys and research programmes.
Two cases of pregnancy involving conjoined twins, with details of management after opting for live birth
Authors: Takae Seido , Izuchi Shinichiro , Murayama Kimie , Kondo Haruhiro , Kobayashi Yoichi , Ishizuka Bunpei 
Published: May 2011

AbstractConjoined twinning is a unique complication of monochorionic pregnancy. This report describes the clinical findings in two cases of conjoined twins, and discusses their management. One case involved thoracopagus complicating a triplet pregnancy, and the other involved cephalothoracopagus, in which the outcome was intrauterine fetal death due to abruptio placentae after amniocentesis. Recent improvements in ultrasound imaging have facilitated the diagnosis of conjoined twins as early as the first trimester. Although many mothers opt to terminate pregnancy when conjoined twins are diagnosed, a few do not, as in the cases described. In such cases, pregnancy management, including accurate determination of the degree of organ fusion and psychological follow up, are important. On the basis of the two present cases, we present a systematic flow diagram for management of conjoined twin pregnancy from the time of diagnosis until delivery.
Acute acalculous cholecystitis due to dengue hemorrhagic fever during pregnancy
Authors: Marasinghe Jeevan P. , Sriyasinghe Radhika Y. , Wijewantha Vidyani I. , Gunaratne Kumbalathara A. R. C. W. , Wijeyaratne Chandrika N. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA 29‐year‐old pregnant woman presented with fever, right hypochondrial pain and fatigability at 29 weeks of gestation. Dengue hemorrhagic fever was diagnosed based on clinical, hematological and serological features. However, ultrasound scanning was suggestive of acute acalculous cholecystitis. The patient was managed symptomatically and made a good recovery 8 days following onset of fever. This is the first case of acute acalculous cholecystitis coinciding with dengue hemorrhagic fever reported during pregnancy from an endemic country in Asia. The possible viral and host factors for the development of such a severe form of disease and preventive measures are discussed.
The State of the Art in Topology‐Based Visualization of Unsteady Flow
Authors: Pobitzer Armin , Peikert Ronald , Fuchs Raphael , Schindler Benjamin , Kuhn Alexander , Theisel Holger , Matković Krešimir , Hauser Helwig 
Published: May 2011

AbstractVector fields are a common concept for the representation of many different kinds of flow phenomena in science and engineering. Methods based on vector field topology are known for their convenience for visualizing and analysing steady flows, but a counterpart for unsteady flows is still missing. However, a lot of good and relevant work aiming at such a solution is available. We give an overview of previous research leading towards topology‐based and topology‐inspired visualization of unsteady flow, pointing out the different approaches and methodologies involved as well as their relation to each other, taking classical (i.e. steady) vector field topology as our starting point. Particularly, we focus on Lagrangian methods, space–time domain approaches, local methods and stochastic and multifield approaches. Furthermore, we illustrate our review with practical examples for the different approaches.
Karl Olivecrona's Legal Philosophy. A Critical Appraisal*
Authors: SPAAK TORBEN 
Published: May 2011

AbstractI argue in this article (i) that Karl Olivecrona's legal philosophy, especially the critique of the view that law has binding force, the analysis of the concept and function of a legal rule, and the idea that law is a matter of organized force, is a significant contribution to twentieth century legal philosophy. I also argue (ii) that Olivecrona fails to substantiate some of his most important empirical claims, and (iii) that the distinction espoused by Olivecrona between the truth and the correctness of legal statements is problematic but not needed in Olivecrona's legal philosophy.
Lost in the System or Lost in Translation? The Exchanges between Hart and Ross*
Authors: ENG SVEIN 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAccording to the received opinion there is a theoretical incompatibility between Herbert Hart'sThe Concept of Lawand Alf Ross'sOn Law and Justice, and, according to the received opinion, it stems above all from Hart's emphasis on the internal point of view. The present paper argues that this reading is mistaken.The Concept of Lawdoes not go beyondOn Law and Justicein so far as both present arguments to the effect that law is based on a shared understanding between participants in a project perceived by every participant to be a project in common. The paper demonstrates that there are substantive parallels between Hart's combination of “acceptance” or “acknowledgement” and a “critical reflective attitude” and Ross's combination of “motivation” or “feeling” and a “coherent whole of meaning and motivation.” The main conclusion is that the views of norms and normativity put forward inThe Concept of LawandOn Law and Justiceare very close in essential respects, and, more specifically, that the two works are at root identical in their representation of the basis of normativity in reality.
Does Forecast Combination Improve Norges Bank Inflation Forecasts?*
Authors: Bjørnland Hilde C. , Gerdrup Karsten , Jore Anne Sofie , Smith Christie , Thorsrud Leif Anders 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe develop a system that provides model‐based forecasts for inflation in Norway. We recursively evaluate quasi out‐of‐sample forecasts from a large suite of models from 1999 to 2009. The performance of the models are then used to derive quasi real time weights that are used to combine the forecasts. Our results indicate that a combination forecast improves upon the point forecasts from individual models. Furthermore, a combination forecast outperforms Norges Bank's own point forecast for inflation. The beneficial results are obtained using a trimmed weighted average. Some degree of trimming is required for the combination forecasts to outperform the judgmental forecasts from the policymaker.
Prefrontal overactivation, autonomic arousal, and task performance under evaluative pressure: A near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) study
Authors: Ito Hiroyuki , Yamauchi Hoshiko , Kaneko Hitoshi , Yoshikawa Toru , Nomura Kenji , Honjo Shuji 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTo study the mechanism underlying the influence of psychological pressure on task performance, we investigated the relationship between prefrontal activation, autonomic arousal, and performance in an n‐back working memory task with 3 load levels (l‐, 2‐, and 3‐back tasks) under evaluative pressure. The tasks were performed by 32 university students with or without evaluative observation by experimenters. The error rate and prefrontal activation were found to increase with pressure only in the highest load task (3‐back). In contrast, autonomic arousal increased with pressure regardless of the task condition. Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation of the error rate with prefrontal activation in the 3‐back task and no consistent correlation with autonomic arousal. We concluded that the inhibitory effect of evaluative pressure on task performance is mediated by prefrontal overactivation rather than autonomic arousal.
Meeting the challenges of clinical information provision
Authors: Spring Hannah 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis virtual issue of the Health Information and Libraries Journal (HILJ) has been compiled to mark the 5th International Clinical Librarian Conference 2011. In considering the challenges of clinical information provision, the content selected for the virtual issue offers an international flavour of clinical information provision and covers a variety of different facets of clinical librarianship. The issue broadly covers the areas of information needs and preferences, clinical librarian roles and services, and education and training, and reflects the way in which a normal issue of the HILJ would be presented. This includes a review article, a collection of original articles, and the three regular features which comprise International Perspectives and Initiatives, Learning and Teaching in Action, and Using Evidence in Practice. All papers included in this virtual issue are available free online.
Casein kinase 1 enables nucleus accumbens amphetamine‐induced locomotion by regulating AMPA receptor phosphorylation
Authors: Li Dongdong , Herrera Stacy , Bubula Nancy , Nikitina Elena , Palmer Abraham A , Hanck Dorothy A , Loweth Jessica A , Vezina Paul 
Published: May 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 118, 237–247.AbstractThe closely related δ and ε isoforms of the serine/threonine protein kinase casein kinase 1 (Csnk1) have been implicated in the generation of psychostimulant‐induced behaviors. In this study, we show that Csnk1δ/ε produces its effects on behavior by acting on the Darpp‐32‐PP1 signaling pathway to regulate AMPA receptor phosphorylation in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). Inhibiting Csnk1δ/ε in the NAcc with the selective inhibitor PF‐670462 blocks amphetamine induced locomotion and its ability to increase phosphorylation of Darpp‐32 at S137 and T34, decrease PP1 activity and increase phosphorylation of the AMPA receptor subunit at S845. Consistent with these findings, preventing GluR1 phosphorylation with the alanine mutant GluR1(S845A) reduces glutamate‐evoked currents in cultured medium spiny neurons and blocks the locomotor activity produced by NAcc amphetamine. Thus, Csnk1 enables the locomotor and likely the incentive motivational effects of amphetamine by regulating Darrp‐32‐PP1‐GlurR1(S845) signaling in the NAcc. As such, Csnk1 may be a critical target for intervention in the treatment of drug use disorders.
The role of long‐distance seed dispersal in the local population dynamics of an invasive plant species
Authors: Pergl Jan , Müllerová Jana , Perglová Irena , Herben Tomáš , Pyšek Petr 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAim  Long‐distance dispersal is important for plant population dynamics at larger spatial scales, but our understanding of this phenomenon is mostly based on computer modelling rather than field data. This paper, by combining field data and a simulation model, quantifies the fraction of the seed of the alien species Heracleum mantegazzianum that needs to disperse over a long distance for successful invasion.Location  Central Europe, Czech Republic.Methods  To assess the role of random dispersal in long‐term population dynamics of the studied species, we combined longitudinal data covering 50 years of the invasion of this plant from its very start, inferred from a series of aerial photographs of 60‐ha plots, with data on population dynamics at a fine scale of 10‐m2 plots.Results  A simulation model based on field data indicates that the fraction of seed that is dispersed from source plants not described by the short‐distance dispersal kernel ranges from 0.1 to 7.5% of the total seed set. The fraction of long‐distance dispersed seed that provides the best prediction of the observed spread was significantly negatively correlated with the percentage of habitats suitable for invasion.Main conclusions  Our results indicate that the fraction of seeds that needed to be dispersed over long distances to account for the observed invasion dynamics decreased with increasing proportion of invasible habitats, indicating that the spatial pattern of propagule pressure differs in landscapes prone to invasion. Long‐distance dispersal is an important component of the population dynamics of an invasive species even at relatively small scales.
An empirical evaluation of the African elephant as a focal species for connectivity planning in East Africa
Authors: Epps Clinton W. , Mutayoba Benezeth M. , Gwin Lauren , Brashares Justin S. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAim  Large, charismatic and wide‐ranging animals are often employed as focal species for prioritizing landscape linkages in threatened ecosystems (i.e. ‘connectivity conservation’), but there have been few efforts to assess empirically whether focal species co‐occur with other species of conservation interest within potential linkages. We evaluated whether the African elephant (Loxodonta africana), a world‐recognized flagship species, would serve as an appropriate focal species for other large mammals in a potential linkage between two major protected area complexes.Location  A 15,400 km2 area between the Ruaha and Selous ecosystems in central Tanzania, East Africa.Methods  We used walking transects to assess habitat, human activity and co‐occurrence of elephants and 48 other large mammal species (> 1 kg) at 63 sites using animal sign and direct sightings. We repeated a subset of transects to estimate species detectability using occupancy modelling. We used logistic regression and AIC model selection to characterize patterns of elephant occurrence and assessed correlation of elephant presence with richness of large mammals and subgroups. We considered other possible focal species, compared habitat‐based linear regression models of large mammal richness and used circuit theory to examine potential connectivity spatially.Results  Elephants were detected in many locations across the potential linkage. Elephant presence was highly positively correlated with the richness of large mammals, as well as ungulates, carnivores, large carnivores and species > 45 kg in body mass (‘megafauna’). Outside of protected areas, both mammal richness and elephant presence were negatively correlated with human population density and distance from water. Only one other potential focal species was more strongly correlated with species richness than elephants, but detectability was highest for elephants.Main conclusions  Although African elephants have dispersal abilities that exceed most other terrestrial mammals, conserving elephant movement corridors may effectively preserve habitat and potential landscape linkages for other large mammal species among Tanzanian reserves.
Low‐avidity anti‐HPA‐1a alloantibodies are capable of antigen‐positive platelet destruction in the NOD/SCID mouse model of alloimmune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Bakchoul Tamam , Kubiak Sebastian , Krautwurst Annika , Roderfeld Monika , Siebert Hans C. , Bein Gregor , Sachs Ulrich J. , Santoso Sentot 
Published: May 2011

BACKGROUND: Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT) is mostly caused by maternal antibodies against human platelet antigen 1a (HPA‐1a) expressed on glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa. Accumulated evidence indicated that anti‐HPA‐1a could be overlooked by standard methods due to low avidity. Low‐avidity HPA‐1a antibodies were shown to be detectable by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). We sought to investigate the frequency and in vivo relevance of low‐avidity anti‐HPA‐1a.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort consisting of 82 HPA‐1bb mothers of HPA‐1ab newborns with thrombocytopenia was analyzed using standard serologic methods. Maternal immunoglobulin (Ig)G fractions were investigated for low‐avidity antibodies in SPR using purified GPIIb/IIIa (HPA‐1a or ‐1b). The capability of HPA‐1a antibodies to clear platelets (PLTs) in vivo was analyzed using the NOD/SCID mouse model of alloimmune thrombocytopenia.RESULTS: HPA antibodies were detectable in sera from 68 of 82 (83%) mothers using standard serologic methods and undetectable in 14 of 82 sera. In SPR, IgG fractions of sera reacting positive in monoclonal antibody immobilization of PLT antigen (MAIPA) assay showed specific binding to an HPA‐1a flow cell (mean, 87 ± 21 resonance units [RU]). When MAIPA‐negative sera were tested in SPR, binding with low avidity was observed in 7 of 14 to HPA‐1a (mean, 31 ± 5 RU), but not to HPA‐1b flow cell (mean, 5 ± 2 RU). In vivo, low‐avidity antibodies were capable of clearing HPA‐1ab PLTs but not HPA‐1bb PLTs in a NOD/SCID mouse model. Elimination kinetics were slower than observed with MAIPA‐positive antibodies.CONCLUSIONS: Low‐avidity HPA‐1a antibodies are present in a significant number of NAIT cases and, although they can escape detection by standard serology, they harbor the capability of PLT destruction in vivo.
Rules Versus Statistics: Insights From a Highly Inflected Language
Authors: Mirković Jelena , Seidenberg Mark S. , Joanisse Marc F. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractInflectional morphology has been taken as a paradigmatic example of rule‐governed grammatical knowledge (Pinker, 1999). The plausibility of this claim may be related to the fact that it is mainly based on studies of English, which has a very simple inflectional system. We examined the representation of inflectional morphology in Serbian, which encodes number, gender, and case for nouns. Linguists standardly characterize this system as a complex set of rules, with disagreements about their exact form. We present analyses of a large corpus of nouns which showed that, as in English, Serbian inflectional morphology is quasiregular: It exhibits numerous partial regularities creating neighborhoods that vary in size and consistency. We then asked whether a simple connectionist network could encode this statistical information in a manner that also supported generalization. A network trained on 3,244 Serbian nouns learned to produce correctly inflected phonological forms from a specification of a word's lemma, gender, number, and case, and generalized to untrained cases. The model's performance was sensitive to variables that also influence human performance, including surface and lemma frequency. It was also influenced by inflectional neighborhood size, a novel measure of the consistency of meaning to form mapping. A word‐naming experiment with native Serbian speakers showed that this measure also affects human performance. The results suggest that, as in English, generating correctly inflected forms involves satisfying a small number of simultaneous probabilistic constraints relating form and meaning. Thus, common computational mechanisms may govern the representation and use of inflectional information across typologically diverse languages.