bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Left Atrioventricular Coupling and Left Atrial Deformation in Patients with Essential Hypertension: An MRI Feature Tracking Study
Authors: Li Xue‐Ming , Shi Rui , Shen Meng‐Ting , Yan Wei‐Feng , Jiang Li , Min Chen‐Yan , Liu Xiao‐Jing , Guo Ying‐Kun , Yang Zhi‐Gang 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundHypertension (HTN) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are both associated with left ventricular (LV) and left atrial (LA) structural and functional abnormalities; however, the relationship between the left atrium and ventricle in this population is unclear.PurposeTo identify differences between hypertensive patients with and without T2DM as the basis for further investigation the atrioventricular coupling relationship.Study TypeCross‐sectional, retrospective study.Population89 hypertensive patients without T2DM [HTN (T2DM−)] (age: 58.4 +/− 11.9 years, 48 male), 62 hypertensive patients with T2DM [HTN (T2DM+)] (age: 58.5 +/− 9.1 years, 32 male) and 70 matched controls (age: 55.0 +/− 9.6 years, 37 male).Field Strength/Sequence2D balanced steady‐state free precession cine sequence at 3.0 T.AssessmentLA reservoir, conduit, and booster strain (εs, εe, and εa) and strain rate (SRs, SRe, and SRa), LV radial, circumferential and longitudinal peak strain (PS) and peak systolic strain rate and peak diastolic strain rate (PSSR and PDSR) were derived from LA and LV cine images and compared between groups.Statistical TestsChi‐square or Fisher's exact test, one‐way analysis of variance, analysis of covariance, Pearson's correlation, multivariable linear regression analysis, and intraclass correlation coefficient. A P value <0.05 was considered significant.ResultsCompared with controls, εs, εe, SRe and PS‐longitudinal, PDSR‐radial, and PDSR‐longitudinal were significantly lower in HTN (T2DM−) group, and they were even lower in HTN (T2DM+) group than in both controls and HTN (T2DM−) group. SRs, εa, SRa, as well as PS‐radial, PS‐circumferential, PSSR‐radial, and PSSR‐circumferential were significantly lower in HTN (T2DM+) compared with controls. Multivariable regression analyses demonstrated that: T2DM and PS‐circumferential and PS‐longitudinal (β = −4.026, −0.486, and −0.670, respectively) were significantly associated with εs; T2DM and PDSR‐radial and PDSR‐circumferential were significantly associated with εe (β = −3.406, −3.352, and −6.290, respectively); T2DM and PDSR‐radial were significantly associated with SRe (β = 0.371 and 0.270, respectively); T2DM and PDSR‐longitudinal were significantly associated with εa (β = −1.831 and 5.215, respectively); and PDSR‐longitudinal was significantly associated with SRa (β = 1.07).Data ConclusionIn hypertensive patients, there was severer LA dysfunction in those with coexisting T2DM, which may be associated with more severe LV dysfunction and suggests adverse atrioventricular coupling.Evidence Level3.Technical EfficacyStage 3.
Characterization and molecular docking of sustainable wine lees and gelatin‐based emulsions: innovative fat substitution
Authors: Kaynarca Gülce Bedis 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe present study aimed to determine how various amounts (0.00, 0.58, 1.52 and 4.50 g 100 g−1) of wine lees (WL), which contains numerous essential components, impact the emulsifying properties of fish gelatin (FG) at a low concentration (0.5 g 100 g−1) in the high‐fat phase (65 g 100 g−1). This study conducted rheology, physicochemical technical and characterization analyses on the emulsions to provide sustainable and innovative approaches for spreadable oils.RESULTSThe addition of WL to FG emulsions improved oxidative stability, emulsion stability and bioactive compounds. The zeta potential (−101 ± 5.62 mV) of 0.58 g 100 g−1 WL‐containing emulsion (PE1) was found to be high, whereas particle size (347.6 ± 5.25 nm) and polydispersity index (0.50) were statistically low. It was also found that the addition of WL improved the intermolecular interactions, crystallinity and microstructural properties of the emulsions. All these results were supported by simulating the molecular configuration between FG and WL. The compounds gallic acid, caffeic acid, myricetin, quercetin and resveratrol showed a strong affinity to FG, with free binding energies of −5.50, −5.88, −6.53, −6.68 and −6.66 kcal mol−1, respectively.CONCLUSIONAs a result, WL‐supported FG has the potential to be used as an alternative to egg proteins to develop sustainable low‐cost spreadable emulsions. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Intraspecific genetic diversity and coexistence in phytoplankton populations
Authors: Ryderheim Fredrik , Kiørboe Thomas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe past two decades have seen a drastic increase in the availability and use of genetic techniques to study phytoplankton communities. As a result, it is now well documented that phytoplankton populations are genetically diverse, despite predominantly asexual reproduction and minute morphological variation. Genetic variation can lead to variation also in phenotype, and some traits vary more among genotypes than between species. Trait‐based approaches tackle this by focusing on traits rather than on species. However, trait‐based models often have difficulty predicting and explaining the huge trait‐diversity among coexisting individuals competing for the same few resources. Thus, we ask the question: How do hundreds, if not thousands, of genotypes coexist in a highly competitive environment? In this review, we gather information on genetic and phenotypic variations in coexisting genotypes and elaborate on three mechanisms by which broad intraspecific genetic diversity may be possible: neutral mutations, environmental fluctuations, and trade‐offs among traits. These have all been applied on an interspecies level, and we discuss their use also among coexisting genotypes. We find that genetic diversity to be almost exclusively studied in blooming species and that clonal diversity frequently measure above 0.95 (i.e., 95% of individuals sampled are genetically different). Genetic diversity seems stable throughout blooms, suggesting that competitive exclusion is low or that new genetic material is frequently being introduced into populations. Further, we find high intraspecific trait‐variation in several key traits among coexisting strains but also that trait‐variation is often neglected in studies on phytoplankton, making coexistence difficult to predict.
Compound heterozygous ABCA12 variants identified in a Chinese patient with congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma: Advancing genotype–phenotype correlations and literature review
Authors: Liu Jia‐Wei , Guo Kexin , Zhang Rui , Wang Rongrong , Ma Dong‐Lai , Zhang Xue 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundIchthyosis is a common keratotic skin disease with high clinical, etiological and genetic heterogeneity. There are four types of non‐syndromic hereditary ichthyoses, among which autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) is a heterogeneous group of recessive Mendelian disorders. ARCI present with different phenotypes and ABCA12 pathogenic variants have been shown to cause complex ARCI phenotypes, including harlequin ichthyosis (HI), lamellar ichthyosis (LI) and congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (CIE).MethodsA sporadic male patient, clinically diagnosed with CIE, was enrolled in this study. Exome sequencing was combined with Sanger sequencing to confirm the diagnosis and identify the pathogenic variants. In silico predictions were made using multiple software programs, and the identified variants were interpreted using the ACMG guidelines. A review of all literature reported ABCA12 variants was performed to explore genotype–phenotype correlations.ResultsCompound heterozygous ABCA12 variants [c.5381+1G>A and c.5485G>C (p.Asp1829His)] (NM_173076) were identified. The two variants were not detected in the public database. c.5381+1G>A is predicted to affect ABCA12 mRNA splicing and Asp1829 is highly conserved among various species. In silico analysis suggested that these two variants were responsible for the phenotype of the patient. Genotype–phenotype correlation analysis showed that biallelic truncation variants and/or exon/amino acid deletions in ABCA12 are the most common causes of HI. Biallelic missense variants are most common in LI and CIE.ConclusionsThe compound heterozygous ABCA12 variants caused the CIE phenotype observed in the patient. The spectrum of ABCA12 pathogenic variants were broaden. Genotype–phenotype correlation analysis provided detailed evidence which can be used in future prenatal diagnosis and can inform the need for genetic counselling for patients with ABCA12‐related ARCIs.
Experimental measurement of local noise power spectrum (NPS) in photon counting detector‐CT (PCD‐CT) using a single data acquisition
Authors: Zhang Chengzhu , Li Ke , Zhang Ran , Chen Guang‐Hong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundAccurate noise power spectra (NPS) measurement in clinical X‐ray CT exams is challenging due to the need for repeated scans, which expose patients to high radiation risks. A reliable method for single CT acquisition NPS estimation is thus highly desirable.PurposeTo develop a method for estimating local NPS from a single photon counting detector‐CT (PCD‐CT) acquisition.MethodsA novel nearly statistical bias‐free estimator was constructed from the raw counts data of PCD‐CT scan to estimate the variance of sinogram projection data. An analytical algorithm is employed to reconstruct point‐wise covariance between any two image pixel/voxel locations and . A Fourier transform is applied to obtain the desired point‐wise NPS for any chosen location . The method was validated using experimental data acquired from a benchtop PCD‐CT system with various physical phantoms, and the results were compared with the conventional local NPS measurement method using repeated scans and statistical ensemble averaging.ResultsThe experimental results demonstrate that (1) the proposed method can achieve pointwise/local NPS measurement for a region of interest (ROI) located at any chosen position, accurately characterizing the NPS with spatial structures resulting from image content heterogeneity; (2) the local NPS measured using the proposed method show a higher precision in the measured NPS compared to the conventional measurement method; (3) spatial averaging of the local NPS yields the conventional NPS for a given local ROI.ConclusionA new method was developed to enable local NPS from a single PCD‐CT acquisition.
Bias‐reduced neural networks for parameter estimation in quantitative MRI
Authors: Mao Andrew , Flassbeck Sebastian , Assländer Jakob 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeTo develop neural network (NN)‐based quantitative MRI parameter estimators with minimal bias and a variance close to the Cramér–Rao bound.Theory and MethodsWe generalize the mean squared error loss to control the bias and variance of the NN's estimates, which involves averaging over multiple noise realizations of the same measurements during training. Bias and variance properties of the resulting NNs are studied for two neuroimaging applications.ResultsIn simulations, the proposed strategy reduces the estimates' bias throughout parameter space and achieves a variance close to the Cramér–Rao bound. In vivo, we observe good concordance between parameter maps estimated with the proposed NNs and traditional estimators, such as nonlinear least‐squares fitting, while state‐of‐the‐art NNs show larger deviations.ConclusionThe proposed NNs have greatly reduced bias compared to those trained using the mean squared error and offer significantly improved computational efficiency over traditional estimators with comparable or better accuracy.
Enoxaparin treatment dosing for venous thromboembolism in pediatric patients with obesity
Authors: Yim Juwon , Jahan Afrin , Braykov Nikolay , Woods Gary M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal enoxaparin dosing for treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in pediatric patients with obesity remains uncertain. We described the mean enoxaparin dose required to attain anti‐factor Xa (anti‐Xa) levels of 0.5–1 unit/mL in pediatric patients with obesity.MethodsPediatric patients with obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥95th percentile) who received treatment dose of enoxaparin from 2013 to 2022 and had at least one appropriately timed anti‐Xa level were retrospectively evaluated. Daily enoxaparin dose required to achieve an anti‐Xa level of 0.5–1 unit/mL was reviewed and compared by the severity of obesity. The correlation coefficients between enoxaparin dose requirement and BMI, BMI percentile, and weight were measured by Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.ResultsPediatric patients with obesity (n = 89) required a mean enoxaparin dose of 0.8 ± 0.18 mg/kg twice daily to attain a therapeutic anti‐Xa level. Children with BMI 95th–99th percentile and weight ≤100 kg achieved the target level on a significantly higher weight‐based enoxaparin dose compared to BMI greater than 99th percentile (0.95 ± 0.15 vs. 0.75 ± 0.15 mg/kg twice daily; p < .001) and weight greater than 100 kg (0.95 ± 0.14 vs. 0.7 ± 0.12 mg/kg twice daily; p < .001). BMI, BMI percentile, and weight showed a moderate to strong negative correlation with enoxaparin dose requirement.ConclusionsPediatric patients with obesity required a lower weight‐based dose of enoxaparin to achieve a therapeutic anti‐Xa than the recommended starting dose of 1 mg/kg twice daily for treatment of VTE. Among obesity indices, weight showed the strongest negative correlation with total daily enoxaparin requirement.
Assessing the efficiency of UAV for pesticide application in disease management of peanut crop
Authors: Shan Changfeng , Wang Guobin , Wang Haihong , Wu Liting , Song Cancan , Hussain Mujahid , Wang Huizheng , Lan Yubin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDEffective utilization of plant protection UAVs in peanut cultivation management necessitates a comprehensive grasp of how application volume rates and pesticides influence peanut leaf spot and rust control. This study aimed to compare the effects of application volume rates and pesticides on droplet deposition, disease, leaf retention rate and peanut yield. A T20 plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) sprayer was used to apply four various pesticide doses. In comparison, a knapsack sprayer was used to spray with an application volume rate of 450 L ha−1.RESULTSThe results showed a significant difference in droplet deposition between the plant protection UAVs and the electric knapsack sprayer. In the pesticide treatment with an application volume rate of 15.0 L ha−1, there was no significant difference in the deposition on the peanut canopy of each pesticide treatment, but there was a significant difference in the deposition on the ground in the treatment with adding vegetable oil adjuvant. The treatment with added vegetable oil additives showed the worst performance. The treatment with an application volume rate of 22.5 L ha−1 showed the best performance, with the leaf spot control effect being only 0.3% lower than that of the electric knapsack sprayer.CONCLUSIONPlant protection UAV spraying is feasible to control peanut diseases. Considering the operational effectiveness of the plant protection UAV and application volume rate, it is recommended to use an application volume rate of 22.5 L ha−1 without adding vegetable oil adjuvants for field operations. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
DFT‐Assisted Investigation of the Electric Field and Charge Density Distribution of Pristine and Defective 2D WSe2 by Differential Phase Contrast Imaging
Authors: Groll Maja , Bürger Julius , Caltzidis Ioannis , Jöns Klaus D. , Schmidt Wolf Gero , Gerstmann Uwe , Lindner Jörg K. N. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMost properties of solid materials are defined by their internal electric field and charge density distributions which so far are difficult to measure with high spatial resolution. Especially for 2D materials, the atomic electric fields influence the optoelectronic properties. In this study, the atomic‐scale electric field and charge density distribution of WSe2 bi‐ and trilayers are revealed using an emerging microscopy technique, differential phase contrast (DPC) imaging in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). For pristine material, a higher positive charge density located at the selenium atomic columns compared to the tungsten atomic columns is obtained and tentatively explained by a coherent scattering effect. Furthermore, the change in the electric field distribution induced by a missing selenium atomic column is investigated. A characteristic electric field distribution in the vicinity of the defect with locally reduced magnitudes compared to the pristine lattice is observed. This effect is accompanied by a considerable inward relaxation of the surrounding lattice, which according to first principles DFT calculation is fully compatible with a missing column of Se atoms. This shows that DPC imaging, as an electric field sensitive technique, provides additional and remarkable information to the otherwise only structural analysis obtained with conventional STEM imaging.
Machine learning‐based wind‐induced response analysis in rectangular building models with limbs
Authors: Sanyal Prasenjit , Paul Rajdip , Dalui Sujit Kumar 
Published: May 2024

SummaryThis study investigates the impact of different positions of two limbs on the structural response of a rectangular building model to wind forces. The building's geometry assumes Z and + shapes based on specific limb configurations. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are performed to quantify wind‐induced pressures, resulting in wind force coefficients. These coefficients are used to develop predictive machine learning models through Gene Expression Programming, Group Method of Data Handling‐combinatorial (GMDH‐Combi), Model Tree, and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) techniques. The ANN analysis explores various combinations of training algorithms, adaptation functions, activation functions, and performance functions to enhance model accuracy. Among these, the Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) with gradient descent with momentum (GDM) adaptation function and sigmoid activation function exhibit superior performance with high R‐squared values. These predictive models are then employed for a comprehensive comparative assessment of the maximum wind force coefficient (CF, max) concerning different limb positions and angles of attack (AOA). For CF, max vs Limb position, variations of limb position are examined for most critical cases of AOA. Similarly, the study of CF, max vs AOA involves an exhaustive investigation into the variation of AOA for the building with the worst limb position. The analysis reveals that changes in AOA have a more pronounced effect on CF, max compared to alterations in limb position. Interestingly, within the AOA range of 1.5 to 2.5, the CF, max consistently reaches a minimum across all models. However, the relationship between CF, max and the critical structural parameter ‘S' (representing limb position) remains less conclusive for the most significant AOAs.
Digital economy development and export upgrading: Theoretical analysis based on Chinese experience
Authors: Sun Hongying , Luo Yipei , Liang Zuyu , Liu Juan , Bhuiyan Miraj Ahmed 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe development of the digital economy in China has not only led to a revolution in science and technology and its industry transformation but also affected China's export upgrading. This article uses the provincial‐level panel data of China's export products from 2012 to 2019 to explore the impact and mechanism of digital economy development on export upgrading. The result shows that the development of the digital economy generally promotes the technical complexity of exports, which is more significant in regions with higher resource allocation efficiency. The mediation effect test finds that the development of the technology market and human capital improvement are the two basic paths of the digital economy to promote export upgrading. The conclusion is still valid after a series of robustness tests, such as replacing the explanatory variables and using instrumental variables.
Noncoding RNAs: Emerging regulators of behavioral complexity
Authors: Dayal Sanovar , Chaubey Divya , Joshi Dheeraj Chandra , Ranmale Samruddhi , Pillai Beena 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe mammalian genome encodes thousands of non−coding RNAs (ncRNAs), ranging in size from about 20 nucleotides (microRNAs or miRNAs) to kilobases (long non−coding RNAs or lncRNAs). ncRNAs contribute to a layer of gene regulation that could explain the evolution of massive phenotypic complexity even as the number of protein‐coding genes remains unaltered. We propose that low conservation, poor expression, and highly restricted spatiotemporal expression patterns—conventionally considered ncRNAs may affect behavior through direct, rapid, and often sustained regulation of gene expression at the transcriptional, post‐transcriptional, or translational levels. Besides these direct roles, their effect during neurodevelopment may manifest as behavioral changes later in the organism's life, especially when exposed to environmental cues like stress and seasonal changes. The lncRNAs affect behavior through diverse mechanisms like sponging of miRNAs, recruitment of chromatin modifiers, and regulation of alternative splicing. We highlight the need for synthesis between rigorously designed behavioral paradigms in model organisms and the wide diversity of behaviors documented by ethologists through field studies on organisms exquisitely adapted to their environmental niche. Comparative genomics and the latest advancements in transcriptomics provide an unprecedented scope for merging field and lab studies on model and non−model organisms to shed light on the role of ncRNAs in driving the behavioral responses of individuals and groups. We touch upon the technical challenges and contentious issues that must be resolved to fully understand the role of ncRNAs in regulating complex behavioral traits.This article is categorized under:
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs
Current advances in circular RNA detection and investigation methods: Are we running in circles?
Authors: Drula Rareș , Braicu Cornelia , Berindan‐Neagoe Ioana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs), characterized by their closed‐loop structure, have emerged as significant transcriptomic regulators, with roles spanning from microRNA sponging to modulation of gene expression and potential peptide coding. The discovery and functional analysis of circRNAs have been propelled by advancements in both experimental and bioinformatics tools, yet the field grapples with challenges related to their detection, isoform diversity, and accurate quantification. This review navigates through the evolution of circRNA research methodologies, from early detection techniques to current state‐of‐the‐art approaches that offer comprehensive insights into circRNA biology. We examine the limitations of existing methods, particularly the difficulty in differentiating circRNA isoforms and distinguishing circRNAs from their linear counterparts. A critical evaluation of various bioinformatics tools and novel experimental strategies is presented, emphasizing the need for integrated approaches to enhance our understanding and interpretation of circRNA functions. Our insights underscore the dynamic and rapidly advancing nature of circRNA research, highlighting the ongoing development of analytical frameworks designed to address the complexity of circRNAs and facilitate the assessment of their clinical utility. As such, this comprehensive overview aims to catalyze further advancements in circRNA study, fostering a deeper understanding of their roles in cellular processes and potential implications in disease.This article is categorized under:
RNA Methods > RNA Nanotechnology
RNA Methods > RNA Analyses in Cells
RNA Methods > RNA Analyses In Vitro and In Silico