bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the cost‐effectiveness of cancer patient navigation programs: Conceptual and practical issues
Authors: Ramsey Scott , Whitley Elizabeth , Mears Victoria Warren , McKoy June M. , Everhart Rachel M. , Caswell Robert J. , Fiscella Kevin , Hurd Thelma C. , Battaglia Tracy , Mandelblatt Jeanne ,   for the Patient Navigation Research Program Group
Published: August 2009

AbstractPatient navigators—individuals who assist patients through the healthcare system to improve access to and understanding of their health and healthcare—are increasingly used for underserved individuals at risk for or with cancer. Navigation programs can improve access, but it is unclear whether they improve the efficiency and efficacy of cancer diagnostic and therapeutic services at a reasonable cost, such that they would be considered cost‐effective. In the current study, the authors outline a conceptual model for evaluating the cost‐effectiveness of cancer navigation programs. They describe how this model is being applied to the Patient Navigation Research Program, a multicenter study supported by the National Cancer Institute's Center to Reduce Cancer Health Disparities. The Patient Navigation Research Program is testing navigation interventions that aim to reduce time to delivery of quality cancer care (noncancer resolution or cancer diagnosis and treatment) after identification of a screening abnormality. Examples of challenges to evaluating cost‐effectiveness of navigation programs include the heterogeneity of navigation programs, the sometimes distant relation between navigation programs and outcome of interest (eg, improving access to prompt diagnostic resolution and life‐years gained), and accounting for factors in underserved populations that may influence both access to services and outcomes. In this article, the authors discuss several strategies for addressing these barriers. Evaluating the costs and impact of navigation will require some novel methods, but will be critical in recommendations concerning dissemination of navigation programs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
The higher the decrease in the standardized uptake value of positron emission tomography after chemoradiation, the better the survival of patients with gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Javeri Heta , Xiao Lianchun , Rohren Eric , Lee Jeffrey H. , Liao Zhongxing , Hofstetter Wayne , Maru Dipen , Bhutani Manoop S. , Swisher Stephen G. , Macapinlac Homer , Wang Xuemei , Ajani Jaffer A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Postchemoradiation percentage decrease in standardized uptake value (SUV) of positron emission tomography (PET) from baseline correlates with overall survival (OS) and pathologic response. Analyses of dichotomized data are commonly reported. The authors analyzed percentage SUV decrease as both dichotomized and continuous variables.METHODS:The authors assessed 151 consecutive patients with gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma who had chemoradiation and surgery. Baseline and postchemoradiation PET/computed tomography imaging was performed. The log‐rank test and Cox proportional hazards models were used to associate percentage SUV changes and OS, and logistic regression models were used to detect the association between percentage SUV changes and pathologic response.RESULTS:A >52% SUV decrease (dichotomized analysis) was associated with a longer OS (log‐rank test,P= .023). The univariate Cox proportional hazards model indicated that greater percentage SUV decrease (as a continuous variable) was associated with a lower risk of death (hazard ratio [HR], 0.99;P= .01). Pathologic response (≤50% residual cancer) was associated with longer OS (P= .003). Patients with chemoradiation resistance (>50% residual cancer) tended to have a higher risk of death than those with chemoradiation sensitivity (0‐50% residual cancer; HR, 2.12;P= .099). In the multivariate model, the percentage SUV decrease (as a continuous variable) was the only prognosticator of OS (P= .01). The percentage SUV decrease was nonsignificantly associated with pathologic complete response (univariate odds ratio [OR], 1.01;P= .06 and multivariate OR, 1.03;P= .07).CONCLUSIONS:The greater the decline in SUV after chemoradiation, the longer is the OS of gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma patients. The percentage SUV decrease as a continuous variable is a better prognosticator of OS than its dichotomized assessments. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Percutaneous computed tomography‐guided lung biopsy and pleural dissemination
Authors: Sano Yoshifumi , Date Hiroshi , Toyooka Shinichi , Oto Takahiro , Yamane Masaomi , Hiraki Takao , Gobara Hideo , Mimura Hidefumi , Kanazawa Susumu 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Percutaneous computed tomography (CT)‐guided needle biopsy remains one of the most important diagnostic tools in the management of lung nodules; however, it carries a risk of intrapleural dissemination of cancer cells.METHODS:CT‐guided lung biopsy was performed before surgery in 171 (34.8%) of 491 patients. A coaxial biopsy system was used that comprised a 19‐gauge introducer needle and a 20‐gauge core biopsy needle. A total of 412 (83.9%) of the 491 patients underwent intraoperative pleural lavage cytology just after thoracotomy. Intraoperative pleural lavage cytology was performed immediately after opening the thorax, after the pleural cavity was gently washed with 50 mL of saline.RESULTS:No patients had implantation of cancer cells in the chest wall after a median follow‐up of 20.2 months. Intraoperative pleural lavage cytology results were positive for 5 (2.9%) of the 171 patients who underwent CT‐guided biopsy before surgery, in contrast to 13 (5.4%) of the 241 patients who did not undergo biopsy before surgery. The difference between the biopsy and nonbiopsy groups was not statistically significant. When the analysis was limited to patients with stage IA disease, intraoperative pleural lavage cytology results were positive for 1 (0.8%) of the 128 patients who underwent CT‐guided biopsy, in contrast to 3 (2.7%) of the 110 patients who did not undergo biopsy. This difference was also not statistically significant.CONCLUSIONS:No significant association was observed between percutaneous CT‐guided lung biopsy and intraoperative pleural lavage cytology results, even in patients with stage IA disease. Percutaneous CT‐guided lung biopsy with a coaxial needle does not seem to cause pleural dissemination. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Localization of relaxin‐3 in brain of Macaca fascicularis: Identification of a nucleus incertus in primate
Authors: Ma Sherie , Sang Qian , Lanciego José L. , Gundlach Andrew L. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractRelaxin‐3 (RLN3) is a highly conserved, ancestral member of the insulin/relaxin peptide family. RLN3 mRNA is highly expressed in rat, mouse, and human brain and molecular genetic and pharmacological studies suggest that RLN3 is the cognate ligand for the relaxin family peptide‐3 receptor (RXFP3). The distribution of RLN3/RXFP3 networks has been determined in rat and mouse brain, but not in higher species. In this study we describe the distribution of RLN3 neurons in the brain of macaque (Macaca fascicularis) using in situ hybridization histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. RLN3 mRNA and high levels of RLN3‐like immunoreactivity (‐LI) were observed in neurons within a ventromedial region of the central gray of the pons and medulla that appears to represent the primate analog of the nucleus incertus (NI) described in lower species. Nerve fibers and terminals containing RLN3‐LI were observed throughout brain regions identical to those known to receive afferents from the NI in the rat, including the septum, hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, lateral, dorsomedial and ventromedial hypothalamus, supramammillary and interpeduncular nuclei, anterodorsal, paraventricular and reuniens thalamic nuclei, lateral habenula, central gray, and dorsal raphe, solitary tract, and ambiguus nuclei. Experimental studies in the rat strongly implicate a role of this neuropeptide‐receptor system in arousal, feeding, and metabolism, learning and memory, and central responses to psychological stressors. These new anatomical findings support the proposition that the RLN3 system is similarly involved in the integration and modulation of behavioral activation and arousal and responses to stress in nonhuman primates and humans. J. Comp. Neurol. 517:856–872, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of the diabetes‐associated gene TCF7L2 in adult mouse brain
Authors: Lee Syann , Lee Charlotte E. , Elias Carol F. , Elmquist Joel K. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPolymorphisms of the gene TCF7L2 (transcription factor 7‐like 2) are strongly associated with the development and progression of type 2 diabetes. TCF7L2 is important in the development of peripheral organs such as adipocytes, pancreas, and the intestine. However, very little is known about its expression elsewhere. In this study we used in situ hybridization histochemistry to show that TCF7L2 has a unique expression pattern in the mouse brain. TCF7L2 is expressed in two distinct populations. First, it is highly expressed in thalamic and tectal structures. Additionally, TCF7L2 mRNA is expressed at moderate to low levels in specific cells of the hypothalamus, preoptic nucleus, and circumventricular organs. Collectively, these patterns of expression suggest that TCF7L2 has distinct functions within the brain, with a general role in the development and maintenance of thalamic and midbrain neurons, and then a distinct role in autonomic homeostasis. J. Comp. Neurol. 517:925–939, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magnetic Alignment in Solid State and Temperature Hysteresis in Aqueous Tetrahydrofuran Solution for Tetrathiafulvaleno[18]annulenes
Authors: Enozawa Hideo , Hasegawa Masashi , Isomura Eigo , Nishinaga Tohru , Kato Tadashi , Yamato Masafumi , Kimura Tsunehisa , Iyoda Masahiko 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTris(tetrathiafulvaleno)dodecadehydro[18]annulene‐hexaesters have a multi‐functionality that is very sensitive to small differences in the ester side‐chain. Self‐aggregation of the [18]annulenes in amphiphilic media such as THF–H2O (v/v, 1:1) either produce a fibrous structure or result in temperature hysteresis of the color and 1H NMR signals. This temperature hysteresis in solution is due to both strong self‐aggregation behavior and unique cluster formation in a binary solution of THF and water.
Polarized expression of integrin β1 in diencephalic roof plate during chick development, a possible receptor for SCO‐spondin
Authors: Caprile Teresa , Osorio Germán , Henríquez Juan Pablo , Montecinos Hernán 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe roof plate of the caudal diencephalon is formed by the posterior commissure (PC) and the underlying secretory ependyma, the subcommissural organ (SCO). The SCO is composed by radial glial cells bearing processes that cross the PC and attach to the meningeal basement membrane. Since early development, the SCO synthesizes SCO‐spondin, a glycoprotein that shares similarities to axonal guidance proteins. In vitro, SCO‐spondin promotes neuritic outgrowth through a mechanism mediated by integrin β1. However, the secretion of SCO‐spondin toward the extracellular matrix that surrounds the PC axons and the expression of integrins throughout PC development have not been addressed. Here we provide immunohistochemical evidence to suggest that during chick development SCO cells secrete SCO‐spondin through their basal domain, where it is deposited into the extracellular matrix in close contact with axons of the PC that express integrin β1. Our results suggest that SCO‐spondin has a role in the development of the PC through its interaction with integrin β1. Developmental Dynamics 238:2494–2504, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ring A Modified Novel Triterpenoids from Dysoxylum hainanense
Authors: He Xiu‐Feng , Wang Xiao‐Ning , Yin Sheng , Dong Lei , Yue Jian‐Min 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSix ring A modified novel triterpenoids, dysoxyhainic acids A–E (1–3, 5, and 6) and dysoxyhainol (4), were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Dysoxylum hainanense. Compounds 1–4 are a group of triterpenoids featuring a contracted five‐membered ring A. Dysoxyhainic acid A (1) possessed an unprecedented 2‐nor‐1,3‐cyclotirucallane skeleton, whereas 5 and 6 possessed a rare six‐membered δ‐lactone formed between C‐2 and C‐11. The structures of 1–6 were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis, and that of 1 was confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. A hypothetical biosynthetic pathway for compound 1 was also proposed. All the compounds were tested on antimicrobial assays, and compounds 2 and 3 exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive bacteria. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Electrochemical Detection of Hydrazine Based on Electrospun Palladium Nanoparticle/Carbon Nanofibers
Authors: Zhang Haijiang , Huang Jianshe , Hou Haoqing , You Tianyan 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this work, we developed an electrochemical method for the detection of hydrazine based on palladium nanoparticle/carbon nanofibers (Pd/CNFs). Pd/CNFs were prepared by electrospinning technique and subsequent thermal treatments. The electrocatalytic behaviors of Pd/CNFs modified glassy carbon electrode (Pd/CNF‐GCE) for hydrazine oxidation were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), an obvious and well‐defined oxidation peak appeared at −0.32 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The mechanism of the oxidation of hydrazine at Pd/CNF‐GCE was also studied, which demonstrated an irreversible diffusion‐controlled electrode process and a four‐electron transfer involved in the overall reaction. Furthermore, the wide linear range, low detection limit, good reproducibility and excellent storage stability were obtained utilizing differential pulse voltammetry (DPV).
Development of micropump‐actuated negative pressure pinched injection for parallel electrophoresis on array microfluidic chip
Authors: Li Bowei , Jiang Lei , Xie Hua , Gao Yan , Qin Jianhua , Lin Bingcheng 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA micropump‐actuated negative pressure pinched injection method is developed for parallel electrophoresis on a multi‐channel LIF detection system. The system has a home‐made device that could individually control 16‐port solenoid valves and a high‐voltage power supply. The laser beam is excitated and distributes to the array separation channels for detection. The hybrid Glass‐PDMS microfluidic chip comprises two common reservoirs, four separation channels coupled to their respective pneumatic micropumps and two reference channels. Due to use of pressure as a driving force, the proposed method has no sample bias effect for separation. There is only one high‐voltage supply needed for separation without relying on the number of channels, which is significant for high‐throughput analysis, and the time for sample loading is shortened to 1 s. In addition, the integrated micropumps can provide the versatile interface for coupling with other function units to satisfy the complicated demands. The performance is verified by separation of DNA marker and Hepatitis B virus DNA samples. And this method is also expected to show the potential throughput for the DNA analysis in the field of disease diagnosis.
Potentiometric titrations for the characterization of functional groups on solid wastes of the olive oil production
Authors: Calero Mónica , Hernáinz Francisco , Blázquez Gabriel , Martín‐Lara María Ángeles 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this article, the identification and quantification of the acid active sites present in three solid materials, namely, olive stone, olive mill waste‐water (alpeorujo), and olive tree pruning have been made, as the first step to assess their possible use as biosorbents of heavy metals. Using the continuous potentiometric titration technique, the effect of the atmosphere in the titrator and the time interval between successive additions of titrant has been studied. Potentiometric titrations on the biosorbents subjected to selective extractions (for elimination of fat compounds and polyphenols) and pretreated by acids have been also carried out. Modeling of the experimental data demonstrated that the acid‐base properties of these solids were of a complex nature and could be described considering the presence of three different types of surface functional groups; two of which are presumably carboxyl and hydroxyl groups. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2010
A two‐dimensional finite volume morphodynamic model on unstructured triangular grids
Authors: Benkhaldoun Fayssal , Sahmim Slah , Seaïd Mohammed 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe discuss the application of a finite volume method to morphodynamic models on unstructured triangular meshes. The model is based on coupling the shallow water equations for the hydrodynamics with a sediment transport equation for the morphodynamics. The finite volume method is formulated for the quasi‐steady approach and the coupled approach. In the first approach, the steady hydrodynamic state is calculated first and the corresponding water velocity is used in the sediment transport equation to be solved subsequently. The second approach solves the coupled hydrodynamics and sediment transport system within the same time step. The gradient fluxes are discretized using a modified Roe's scheme incorporating the sign of the Jacobian matrix in the morphodynamic system. A well‐balanced discretization is used for the treatment of source terms. We also describe an adaptive procedure in the finite volume method by monitoring the bed–load in the computational domain during its transport process. The method uses unstructured meshes, incorporates upwinded numerical fluxes and slope limiters to provide sharp resolution of steep bed gradients that may form in the approximate solution. Numerical results are shown for a test problem in the evolution of an initially hump‐shaped bed in a squared channel. For the considered morphodynamical regimes, the obtained results point out that the coupled approach performs better than the quasi‐steady approach only when the bed–load rapidly interacts with the hydrodynamics. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The cost of diagnosing dementia in a community setting
Authors: Jedenius Erik , Wimo Anders , Strömqvist Jan , Jönsson Linus , Andreasen Niels 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectivesIn order to cope with the increasing number of individuals with dementia, it is crucial to develop the diagnostic capacity in primary care in cooperation with dementia specialists. Further, in order to establish prerequisites for care and planning it is important to identify the cost of dementia diagnosis. This study aims to evaluate the cost of establishing a dementia diagnosis.MethodsThis is a prospective, time‐ and resource utilization study for the identification of the total cost associated with diagnosing dementia (from start of the diagnostic process to time for established or rejected dementia diagnosis) both at the specialist and primary care level.ResultsDementia evaluation in primary care took between 2 weeks and 2 months before reaching diagnosis. The average cost for all patients evaluated at the primary care level was 477 Euro (€), whereas evaluations done on a specialist level reached a cost of 1115 €. Thus, the costs per true diagnosed case consist of the cost for all dementia investigations divided by the number of finalized diagnoses.ConclusionsIn this study the cost for diagnosing dementia per true diagnosed patient is 849 € at the primary care level and 1334 € at the specialist level. Based on this result we estimated that the cost of establishing a dementia diagnosis is 1% of the total cost of dementia. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PI3K pathway activation in breast cancer is associated with the basal‐like phenotype and cancer‐specific mortality
Authors: López‐Knowles Elena , O'Toole Sandra A. , McNeil Catriona M. , Millar Ewan K.A. , Qiu Min R. , Crea Paul , Daly Roger J. , Musgrove Elizabeth A. , Sutherland Robert L. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBreast cancer is a common malignancy with current biological therapies tailored to steroid hormone (ER, PR) and HER2 receptor status. Understanding the biological basis of resistance to current targeted therapies and the identification of new potential therapeutic targets is an ongoing challenge. The PI3K pathway is altered in a high proportion of breast cancers and may contribute to therapeutic resistance. We undertook an integrative study of mutational, copy number and expression analyses of key regulators of the PI3K pathway in a cohort of 292 invasive breast cancer patients with known treatment outcomes. The alterations identified in this cohort included PIK3CA mutations (12/168, i.e. 7%), PIK3CA copy number gain (28/209, i.e. 14%), PTEN loss (73/258, i.e. 28%) and AKT activation (62/258, i.e. 24%). Overall at least 1 parameter was altered in 72% (139/193) of primary breast cancers. PI3K pathway activation was significantly associated with ER negative (p = 0.0008) and PR negative (p = 0.006) status, high tumor grade (p = 0.032) and a “basal‐like” phenotype (p = 0.01), where 92% (25/27) of tumors had an altered pathway. In univariate analysis, PI3K pathway aberrations were associated with death from breast cancer; however, this relationship was not maintained in multivariate analysis. No association was identified between an activated pathway and outcome in tamoxifen‐ or chemotherapy‐treated patients. We concluded that >70% of breast cancers have an alteration in at least 1 component of the PI3K pathway and this might be exploited to therapeutic advantage especially in “basal‐like” cancers.
Toll‐like receptors on B‐CLL cells: expression and functional consequences of their stimulation
Authors: Rožková Daniela , Novotná Linda , Pytlík Robert , Hochová Ivana , Kozák Tomáš , Bartůňková Jiřina , Špíšek Radek 
Published: August 2009

AbstractToll‐like receptor (TLR) stimulation plays a crucial role in the homeostasis of human B cells. We investigated the expression of TLRs 1–9 on the cells of B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B‐CLL) and analyzed the functional consequences of TLR stimulation on leukemic cells. We showed that B‐CLL cells express similar set of TLRs as memory B cells of healthy donors, i.e. TLR‐1, TLR‐2, TLR‐6, TLR‐7 and TLR‐9. However, in contrast to memory B cells, B‐CLL cells lack TLR‐4 expression. Expression of TLRs correlates with their capacity to respond to specific TLR agonists. At the level of phenotype, ODN2006 (TLR‐9 agonist) is the most potent stimulus. B‐CLL cells also respond to the stimulation with loxoribine, Pam3CSK4 and MALP‐2 (TLR‐7, TLR1/TLR2 and TLR2/TLR6 agonists, respectively). TLR‐7 and TLR‐9 stimulation induces production of IL‐6 and TNFα. In 47% of tested patients, treatment with ODN2006, MALP‐2 and Pam3CSK4 reduced leukemic cells survival. Stimulation of B‐CLL cells with TLR‐9 agonists, loxoribine, MALP‐2 and Pam3CSK4 induces significant proliferation. We report that TLR stimulation induces expression of CD38, a negative prognostic marker, on B‐CLL cells. Expression of CD38 is induced by direct stimulation of B‐CLL cells through TLR‐7 and TLR‐9 or CD38 can be induced on B‐CLL cells indirectly by a soluble factor induced in non‐B‐CLL cells after stimulation with TLR‐2, TLR‐3 or TLR‐5 agonists; the nature of this factor remains unknown. Our results argue for cautious evaluation of immunointervention strategies based on the administration of TLR agonists in the treatment of B‐CLL as their effects on B‐CLL cells may be tumor promoting as well as tumor suppressing.