bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food insecurity and dietary diversity among food aid recipients in urban and rural areas at the covid‐19 outbreak: An exploratory study
Authors: Carrillo‐Álvarez Elena , Costa‐Tutusaus Lluís , Milà‐Villaroel Raimon , Shankar Krishnan Nithya , Salinas‐Roca Blanca 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe covid‐19 pandemic has affected food aid. This paper reports an exploratory study to estimate the prevalence and degree of food insecurity, household dietary diversity score (HDDS), and the association with demographic, social, and economic characteristics of health status in a sample of food aid recipients in urban and rural areas of Catalonia, Spain. Cross‐sectional data on food insecurity, dietary diversity, household income, health, and sociodemographic characteristics were obtained from the survey taken at seven different food aid distribution points from urban and rural locations. Sixty‐six percent of the participants identified as new users since the covid‐19 crisis. Only 12.5% of the sample lived in households where all adults were unemployed, and 44.8% were employed. Almost a third of the sample (32.3%) reported having someone in their household who suffered from a diet‐related illness or disease. The prevalence of severe food insecurity was 52.1%, followed by 28.1% suffering moderate food insecurity. New food aid users due to covid‐19 pandemic showed a significantly higher prevalence of food insecurity. No significant differences were found in terms of HDDS. This paper provides evidence that much of the gap in food insecurity is related to dietary diversity and children in households considering different urban or rural areas.
ChatGPT im Einsatz für „technology-enhanced learning“ in Anästhesiologie und Notfallmedizin und potenzielle klinische Anwendung von KI‑Sprachmodellen
Authors: Humbsch Philipp , Horn Evelyn , Bohm Konrad , Gintrowicz Robert 
Published: May 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Der Einsatz von KI-Sprachmodellen in der Lehre und Wissenschaft ist aktuell Gegenstand der Forschung, und auch die Anwendung im klinischen Alltag ist in der Erprobung. Untersuchungen verschiedener Arbeitsgruppen haben gezeigt, dass Sprachmodelle Prüfungsfragen für das medizinische Staatsexamen beantworten können, und auch in der medizinischen Lehre sind Anwendungen von Sprachmodellen denkbar.

Fragestellung
Es soll untersucht werden, inwiefern sich Sprachmodelle der aktuellen Version für den Einsatz bei medizinischen Fragestellungen bewähren, inwiefern sie in der medizinischen Lehre eingesetzt werden können, und welche Herausforderungen in der Arbeit mit KI-Sprachmodellen noch bestehen.

Methode
Das Programm ChatGPT, basierend auf GPT 3.5, wurde genutzt, um 1025 Fragen des M2-Staatsexamens zu beantworten, und es wurde untersucht, ob und welche Fehler dabei auftraten. Außerdem wurde das Sprachmodell vor die Aufgabe gestellt, Aufsätze zu den Lernzielen der Musterweiterbildungsordnung für die Facharztweiterbildung in Anästhesiologie und die Zusatzbezeichnung in Notfallmedizin zu verfassen. Diese wurden auf Fehler und Auffälligkeiten hin untersucht.

Ergebnis
Es zeigte sich, dass ChatGPT die Fragen zur mehr als 69 % richtig beantworten konnte, selbst wenn in den Aufgabenstellungen Verweise auf Abbildungen vorhanden waren. Damit konnte eine Verbesserung der Richtigkeit in der Beantwortung von Staatsexamensfragen im Vergleich zu einer Untersuchung aus dem März gefunden werden. Bei dem Verfassen von Aufsätzen zeigte sich dagegen eine hohe Fehlerrate.

Diskussion
Bei dem aktuellen Tempo der fortwährenden Verbesserungen von KI-Sprachmodellen ist der breite klinische Einsatz, insbesondere in der Rettungsstelle, aber auch in der Notfall- und Intensivmedizin, bei der Arbeit von Assistenzärzten ein denkbares Szenario, die damit Hinweise für die eigene Arbeit bekommen, ohne sich nur auf das Sprachmodell verlassen zu müssen. Der Einsatz in der Lehre bedeutet für die Anwender aktuell noch einen hohen Kontrollaufwand. Aufgrund von Halluzinationen bei teils ungeeigneter Trainingsumgebung des Sprachmodells können die erstellten Texte vom aktuellen Stand der Wissenschaft abweichen. Der direkte Einsatz am Patienten außerhalb der direkten Verantwortung eines Arztes erscheint aktuell noch nicht realisierbar.
Relationship among EPR oxidative stability and spectrophotometric parameters connected to antioxidant activity in beer samples
Authors: Porcu Maria Cristina , Fadda Angela , Sanna Daniele 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA relationship between EPR and spectrophotometric parameters related to beer staling and antioxidant activity, was identified. AUC (area under the curve), intensity at 150 min (T150), radical scavenging activity (RSA), total phenolic compounds (TPC), hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity (HRSC) and one parameter linked to staling degree of beers (thiobarbituric index, TBI) were related. Temperature was modified to find the proper working conditions for EPR spin-trapping experiments and it was found that it affected the kinetic of PBN adduct evolution. For the samples reaching a maximum intensity signal, the higher the heating temperature, the shorter the time interval needed to reach it. No linear relationship was detected among parameters obtained with EPR spin trapping experiments and RSA, TPC, TPI, and HRSC when correlating one parameter with another. On the contrary, a good linear relationship was found among AUC or T150 and a combination of RSA, TPC, TPI, and HRSC (R2 = 0.9562 and 0.9694, respectively). The goodness of fit increased to R2 = 1 when a combination of AUC and T150 was related to a combination of RSA, TPC, and TPI, and HRSC.
Threshold dynamics of a reaction–advection–diffusion schistosomiasis epidemic model with seasonality and spatial heterogeneity
Authors: Wu Peng , Salmaniw Yurij , Wang Xiunan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMost water-borne disease models ignore the advection of water flows in order to simplify the mathematical analysis and numerical computation. However, advection can play an important role in determining the disease transmission dynamics. In this paper, we investigate the long-term dynamics of a periodic reaction–advection–diffusion schistosomiasis model and explore the joint impact of advection, seasonality and spatial heterogeneity on the transmission of the disease. We derive the basic reproduction number $${\mathcal {R}}_0$$

R
0

and show that the disease-free periodic solution is globally attractive when $${\mathcal {R}}_0<1$$

R
0

<
1

whereas there is a positive endemic periodic solution and the system is uniformly persistent in a special case when $${\mathcal {R}}_0>1$$

R
0

>
1

. Moreover, we find that $${\mathcal {R}}_0$$

R
0

is a decreasing function of the advection coefficients which offers insights into why schistosomiasis is more serious in regions with slow water flows.
Surgical management of complex curvature in Peyronie’s disease
Authors: Kadıoğlu Ateş , Gürcan Mehmet , Rakhmonovich Abdurakhmonov Farkod , Dursun Murat 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
About 10% of Peyronie's patients are complex cases with severe curvature (>60 degrees), ventral plaque, multiplanar curvature, hour-glass/hinge deformity, notching deformity, and ossified plaque. In patients with complex Peyronie’s disease (PD), different techniques (shortening procedures, lengthening procedures, and penile prosthesis implantation (IPP)) may be necessary to achieve successful result. This review aims to analyze the various surgical techniques employed in the management of Peyronie's disease, with a specific focus on patients with complex deformity.

Methods
Articles focusing on the surgical management of complex curvature in Peyronie’s disease were searched in MEDLINE and PubMed published between 1990 and 2023.

Results
Shortening procedures are linked to penile shortening and are not recommended for complex cases such as notching, hour-glass deformity, or ossified plaque. Lengthening procedures are suitable for addressing complex curvatures without erectile dysfunction (ED) and are a more appropriate method for multiplanar curvatures. Penile prosthesis implantation (IPP), with or without additional procedures, is the gold standard for patients with ED and Peyronie's disease. IPP should also be the preferred option for cases of penile instability (hinge deformity) and has shown high satisfaction rates in all complex cases.

Conclusion
While surgical interventions for complex curvature in Peyronie's disease carry inherent risks, careful patient selection, meticulous surgical techniques, and post-operative care can help minimize complications and maximize positive outcome.
Risk factors for migration of retrievable covered expandable metallic stent in patients with persistent benign ureter strictures
Authors: Xu Yuyu , Li Xiezhao , Cai Zhiduan , Chen Shuangxing , Zhu Rui , Zhuang Haishan , Wan ShawPong , Xu Guibin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence, risk factors, and salvage management of retrievable covered expandable metallic stent (RCEMS) migration in patients with persistent benign ureter strictures.

Materials and methods
A retrospective study was performed on 117 consecutive patients who underwent implantation of RCEMS. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify prognostic factors for stent migration, including stricture location and length, hydronephrosis–cortex ratio, ureteral dilation, and the diameter of the narrowest portion of the stricture.

Results
Stent migration occurred in 22 (19.5%) of 113 patients who met inclusion criteria. Of the 22 patients, 16 (72.7%) had ordinary ureteral stricture, 3 (13.6%) had stricture in transplanted kidneys, and 3 patients (13.6%) had ureter stricture in orthotopic neobladders. The mean creatinine for the entire cohorts showed significant improvement (p = 0.038). Multivariate analysis identified the following prognostic factors for migration: distal ureteral stricture (p = 0.006), patients who underwent balloon dilation (p = 0.003), hydronephrosis–cortex ratio ≧10 (p = 0.017), larger diameter of wasting of RCEMS (p < 0.001), and patients with a shorter stricture length (p = 0.006). Salvage management was required in 4 of the 22 patients. The strictures in the remaining 18 patients improved with observation.

Conclusions
Stent migration is more likely to occur in patients with the five prognostic factors mentioned above. Our study developed a nomogram to predict stent migration in patients with ureteral strictures treated using RCEMS.
Effect of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO)-based asthma management during pregnancy versus usual care on infant development, temperament, sensory function and autism signs
Authors: Whalen Olivia M. , Campbell Linda E. , Lane Alison E. , Karayanidis Frini , Mallise Carly A. , Woolard Alix J. , Holliday Elizabeth G. , Mattes Joerg , Collison Adam , Gibson Peter G. , Murphy Vanessa E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAsthma during pregnancy is associated with a range of adverse perinatal outcomes. It is also linked to increased rates of neurodevelopmental conditions in the offspring. We aimed to assess whether fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO)-based asthma management during pregnancy improves child developmental and behavioural outcomes compared to usual care. The Breathing for Life Trial was a randomised controlled trial that compared FENO-based asthma management during pregnancy to usual care. Participants were invited to the developmental follow-up, the Breathing for Life Trial – Infant Development study, which followed up infants at 6 weeks, 6 months and 12 months. The primary outcomes were measured in infants at 12 months using the Bayley-III: Cognitive, Language and Motor composite scores. Secondary outcomes included Bayley-III social-emotional and adaptive behaviour scores, autism likelihood and sensory and temperament outcomes. The exposure of interest was the randomised intervention group. Two hundred and twenty-two infants and their 217 participating mothers were recruited to the follow-up; 107 mothers were in the intervention group and 113 were in the control group. There was no evidence of an intervention effect for the primary outcomes: Bayley-III cognitive (mean = 108.9 control, 108.5 intervention, p = 0.93), language (mean = 95.9 control, 95.6 intervention, p = 0.87) and motor composite scores (mean = 97.2 control, 97.9 intervention, p = 0.25). Mean scores for secondary outcomes were also similar among infants born to control and FENO group mothers, with few results reaching p < 0.05.Conclusion: In this sample, FENO-guided asthma treatment during pregnancy did not improve infant developmental outcomes in the first year of life.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: ACTRN12613000202763.

What is Known:• Maternal asthma during pregnancy has been associated with increased rates of neurodevelopmental conditions in offspring, including intellectual disability and autism.

What is New:• This is the first study to examine how managing asthma during pregnancy via a FENO-guided algorithm or usual care affects infant developmental and behavioural outcomes. While the results of the study showed no impact of the intervention, and therefore do not support the integration of FENO-based management of asthma in antenatal settings for optimal infant development, they do send a positive message about the implications of active asthma management during pregnancy on infant developmental outcomes.
Correlation of pathological examination with indocyanine green (ICG) intensity gradients: a prospective study in patients with liver tumor
Authors: She Wong Hoi , Chan Miu Yee , Tsang Simon Hing Yin , Dai Wing Chiu , Chan Albert Chi Yan , Lo Chung Mau , Cheung Tan To 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging has been shown to be a new and innovative way to illustrate the optimal resection margin in hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. This study investigated its accuracy in resection margin determination by looking into the correlation of ICG intensity gradients with pathological examination results of resected specimens.

Methods
This was a prospective, single-center, non-randomized controlled study. Patients who had liver tumors indicating liver resection were recruited. The hypothesis was that the use of intraoperative near-infrared/ICG fluorescence imaging would be a promising guiding tool for removing hepatocellular carcinoma with a better resection margin. Patients were given ICG (0.25 mg/kg) 1 day before operation. Resected specimens were inspected under a fluorescent imaging system. Biopsies were taken from tumors and normal tissue. Color signals obtained from ICG fluorescence imaging were compared with biopsies for analysis.

Results
Twenty-two patients were recruited for study. The median size of their tumors was 2.25 cm. One patient had resection margin involvement. Under ICG fluorescence, the tumors typically lighted up as yellow color, wrapped by a zone of green color. Tumors of 17 patients (77.3%) displayed yellow color and were confirmed malignancy, while tumors of 12 patients (54.5%) displayed green color and were confirmed malignancy. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to measure the sensitivity and specificity of the green color to look for a clear resection margin. The area under the curve was 85.3% (p = 0.019, 95% confidence interval 0.696–1.000), with a sensitivity of 0.706 and specificity of 1.000.

Conclusion
The use of ICG fluorescence can be helpful in determining resection margins. Resection of tumor should include complete resection of the green zone shown in the fluorescence image.
The effect of synthetic grass sports surfaces on the thermal environment: A systematic review
Authors: Singh Gurpreet , Peterson Benjamin , Jay Ollie , Stevens Christopher J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThere are concerns regarding high surface temperatures on synthetic grass sports surfaces influencing the surrounding thermal environment, potentially increasing heat stress and impacting athlete safety. As such, studies have investigated changes to the thermal environment surrounding synthetic grass surfaces in comparison to both natural grass, and synthetic surfaces with different features, but this body of research has not been systematically reviewed. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to (i) determine if there are differences in the thermal environment surrounding synthetic grass surfaces compared with natural grass surfaces, and (ii) determine if there are differences in the thermal environment between different types of synthetic grass surfaces. A systematic review adhering to the PRISMA guidelines was performed. The eligibility criteria required investigations to report at least one of the following environmental parameters on or directly above both a synthetic surface and a comparator group of either natural grass or an alternative synthetic grass surface used in sport: Air temperature, mean radiant temperature, humidity, wind velocity, unified heat stress indices (i.e. wet-bulb-globe temperature and heat index) and/or surface temperature. Twenty-three studies were identified. The only parameters that were consistently higher on synthetic grass compared to natural grass were the air temperature (range: 0.5–1.2 °C) and surface temperature (range: 9.4–33.7 °C), while the mean radiant temperature, humidity, wind velocity and wet-bulb-globe temperature remained similar or required more data to determine if any differences exist. Synthetic grass surfaces consisting of styrene butadiene rubber infill or a shock pad had increased surface temperatures, whereas surfaces with thermoplastic elastomer infill, Cool climate turf fibres or HydroChill had lower surface temperatures. This systematic review has demonstrated that air and surface temperatures can be increased on synthetic sports surfaces, compared to natural grass surfaces. However, it is uncertain whether the differences are enough to increase an individual’s heat stress risk and cause concern for athlete safety. While modifications to the turf infill or fibres can reduce synthetic surface temperatures, the effect of these features on the thermal environment as a whole is unclear. This review was prospectively registered with the Open Science Framework (Open Science Framework registration https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/BTKGE).
A Novel Thermo-Alkaline Stable GDSL/SGNH Esterase with Broad Substrate Specificity from a Deep-Sea Pseudomonas sp.
Authors: Rodríguez-Mejía José Luis , Hidalgo-Manzano Itzel Anahí , Muriel-Millán Luis Felipe , Rivera-Gomez Nancy , Sahonero-Canavesi Diana X. , Castillo Edmundo , Pardo-López Liliana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMarine environments harbor a plethora of microorganisms that represent a valuable source of new biomolecules of biotechnological interest. In particular, enzymes from marine bacteria exhibit unique properties due to their high catalytic activity under various stressful and fluctuating conditions, such as temperature, pH, and salinity, fluctuations which are common during several industrial processes. In this study, we report a new esterase (EstGoM) from a marine Pseudomonas sp. isolated at a depth of 1000 m in the Gulf of Mexico. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that EstGoM is an autotransporter esterase (type Va) and belongs to the lipolytic family II, forming a new subgroup. The purified recombinant EstGoM, with a molecular mass of 67.4 kDa, showed the highest hydrolytic activity with p-nitrophenyl octanoate (p-NP C8), although it was also active against p-NP C4, C5, C10, and C12. The optimum pH and temperature for EstGoM were 9 and 60 °C, respectively, but it retained more than 50% of its activity over the pH range of 7–11 and temperature range of 10–75 °C. In addition, EstGoM was tolerant of up to 1 M NaCl and resistant to the presence of several metal ions, detergents, and chemical reagents, such as EDTA and β-mercaptoethanol. The enzymatic properties of EstGoM make it a potential candidate for several industrial applications.
Automatic Skeleton Segmentation in CT Images Based on U-Net
Authors: Milara Eva , Gómez-Grande Adolfo , Sarandeses Pilar , Seiffert Alexander P. , Gómez Enrique J. , Sánchez-González Patricia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBone metastasis, emerging oncological therapies, and osteoporosis represent some of the distinct clinical contexts which can result in morphological alterations in bone structure. The visual assessment of these changes through anatomical images is considered suboptimal, emphasizing the importance of precise skeletal segmentation as a valuable aid for its evaluation. In the present study, a neural network model for automatic skeleton segmentation from bidimensional computerized tomography (CT) slices is proposed. A total of 77 CT images and their semimanual skeleton segmentation from two acquisition protocols (whole-body and femur-to-head) are used to form a training group and a testing group. Preprocessing of the images includes four main steps: stretcher removal, thresholding, image clipping, and normalization (with two different techniques: interpatient and intrapatient). Subsequently, five different sets are created and arranged in a randomized order for the training phase. A neural network model based on U-Net architecture is implemented with different values of the number of channels in each feature map and number of epochs. The model with the best performance obtains a Jaccard index (IoU) of 0.959 and a Dice index of 0.979. The resultant model demonstrates the potential of deep learning applied in medical images and proving its utility in bone segmentation.
Time varying risk aversion and its connectedness: evidence from cryptocurrencies
Authors: Corbet Shaen , Hou Yang , Hu Yang , Oxley Les 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChanging patterns of risk aversion may follow a non-linear counter-cyclical process. However, the evidence so far has not considered developing cryptocurrency markets. Given some unique features of cryptocurrencies, it is interesting to distinguish how these assets differ from traditional products. This paper investigates the time effects of periodicity on risk aversion for a selection of major cryptocurrencies compared to major financial assets. Significant periodic time-varying patterns are identified when analysing risk aversion. Further, bilateral and bidirectional Granger causalities are identified within cryptocurrencies, as well as between cryptocurrencies and traditional financial assets. Bitcoin is identified as a leading information transmitter of the spillover of risk aversion upon other cryptocurrencies, while estimated risk aversion of traditional financial markets plays a dominant role in the spillover processes upon the cryptocurrency cluster. The latter finding presents further evidence of developing cryptocurrency market maturity. The COVID-19 pandemic is found to have significantly influenced the connectedness of risk aversion among cryptocurrency and traditional financial markets.