bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional features and transcript structure of UL145 in different strains of human cytomegalovirus
Authors: Wang Ning , Ma Yanping , Sun Zhengrong , Qi Ying , Ji Yaohua , He Rong , Li Mali , Ruan Qiang 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe human cytomegalovirus UL145 gene is located between the highly variable genes UL144 and UL146 in the UL/b′ region. However, unlike its neighboring genes, UL145 is relatively conserved among strains isolated from patients. The transcriptional features and transcript structure of UL145 has not yet been examined. In this study, the transcriptional features and structure of UL145 were characterized using RNA preparations from three HCMV strains isolated from patients, designated H, C, and X, respectively. Two transcripts were identified by cDNA library screening. Two main clusters of transcripts, one located between 500 and 700 nt, and the other between 1,400 and 1,700 nt, were confirmed by Northern blot analysis. Abundant transcripts were detected at 96 h post‐infection by Northern blot, suggesting that UL145 was a late gene. The terminal sequences of transcripts obtained by 3′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends demonstrated the presence of polyadenylation. Transcripts identified in the RNA of H, C, and X strains 96 h post‐infection had the same 3′ end but different 5′ ends. In addition to polycistronic transcripts with upstream genes, UL145 could be transcribed as a single transcript during late strain infections. J. Med. Virol. 83:2151–2156, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High expression of disease‐related Cln6 in the cerebral cortex, purkinje cells, dentate gyrus, and hippocampal ca1 neurons
Authors: Thelen Melanie , Fehr Susanne , Schweizer Michaela , Braulke Thomas , Galliciotti Giovanna 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMutations in the CLN6 gene cause a variant form of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, a relentless neurodegenerative disease that is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait in humans and in the naturally occurring nclf mouse strain. The CLN6 protein is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, but it has an unknown function. To develop a molecular understanding of neurodegeneration induced by mutations in CLN6, we examined the spatial and temporal distribution of Cln6 mRNA expression in murine brain. By using Northern blot and tissue qPCR array techniques, a single Cln6 transcript was detected throughout the adult brain, with greatest expression in the cerebellum and hypothalamus. Real‐time qPCR showed 2.4–4‐fold increases in Cln6 mRNA levels in the cortex and cerebellum during the first 28 days of life, with less prominent enhancement of expression in the hippocampus. In situ hybridization analyses demonstrated Cln6 expression in brainstem, dentate gyrus, and hippocampal neurons of newborn P0 mice. From P14 onward, Cln6 expression is widely distributed throughout the brain and is most prominent in cells of cortical layers II–VI, the Purkinje cell layer, dentate gyrus, and hippocampal CA1 region of adult mice. In different regions of the brain in P0 and P28 nclf mice, the Cln6 mRNA abundance was reduced by 30–40% compared with control mice. These findings implicate Cln6 in the survival and maturation of specific neuronal populations during development and make it possible to compare regional Cln6 expression with the distribution of subsequent pathology. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
SERS activity and stability of the most frequently used silver colloids
Authors: Larmour I. A. , Faulds K. , Graham D. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSingle‐molecule detection by surface‐enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) spectroscopy has been demonstrated for a variety of molecules. The detection of single molecules that do not have a resonance contribution, SERS, has been shown in the case of adenine. However, when colloidal particles isolated on planar substrates are used as the enhancing medium, the presence of anomalous signals significantly complicates the analysis of the spectra. Selection of a silver colloid that minimizes these spurious signals should improve the ultra‐sensitive detection of non‐resonant single molecules by SERS. A range of silver colloids, prepared by different methods, were investigated with respect to their activity and stability. Minimal anomalous signals were obtained from hydroxylamine‐reduced silver colloids, which suggests that this colloid will be better for ultra‐sensitive SE(R)RS experiments compared to the more common citrate‐ and borohydride‐reduced silver colloids. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro and in vivo anti‐tumour activities of echinoside A and ds‐echinoside A from Pearsonothuria graeffei
Authors: Zhao Qin , Xue Yong , Wang Jing‐feng , Li Hui , Long Teng‐teng , Li Zhaojie , Wang Yu‐ming , Dong Ping , Xue Chang‐hu 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Echinoside A (EA) and ds‐echinoside A (DSEA) are triterpene glycosides isolated from the sea cucumber Pearsonothuria graeffei. DSEA, the desulfurisation product of EA, has the following structure: β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐holost‐8(9),11(12)‐diene‐3β,17α‐diol. In the present study, we examined the anti‐tumour activities—in particular, the structure‐activity relationships—of EA and DSEA in vitro and in vivo.RESULTS: Both EA and DSEA exhibited an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation, along with apoptosis‐inducing activity, in HepG2 cells. Moreover, they significantly arrested the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase. A reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction assay revealed that EA and DSEA significantly increased the expression of the cell‐cycle‐related genes, namely, p16, p21 and c‐myc, and decreased that of cyclin D1. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that they down‐regulated the expression of Bcl‐2, and enhanced mitochondrial cytochrome c release, caspase‐3 activation, and poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase, cleavage. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) expression was significantly decreased by DSEA, but was unaffected by EA. EA and DSEA (2.5 mg kg−1) treatment of mice bearing H22 hepatocarcinoma tumours reduced the tumour weight by 49.8% and 55.0%, respectively.CONCLUSION: EA and DSEA exhibit marked anti‐cancer activity in HepG2 cells, by blocking cell‐cycle progression and inducing apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. DSEA‐induced apoptosis was more potent than EA‐induced apoptosis. Furthermore, the two triterpene glycosides derived from P. graeffei may induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells in an NF‐κB‐dependent or NF‐κB‐independent manner, depending on their structure. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Oncofetal protein, IMP‐3, a potential marker for prediction of postoperative peritoneal dissemination in gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Okada Kaoru , Fujiwara Yoshiyuki , Nakamura Yurika , Takiguchi Shuji , Nakajima Kiyokazu , Miyata Hiroshi , Yamasaki Makoto , Kurokawa Yukinori , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Mori Masaki , Doki Yuichiro 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine the expression of insulin‐like growth factor‐II messenger RNA (mRNA)‐binding protein‐3 (IMP‐3) and its clinical significance in gastric cancers, as well the prognostic value of its expression in the peritoneal lavage fluid after surgery.MethodsIMP‐3 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in 96 primary gastric tumors. IMP‐3 mRNA expression in peritoneal lavage fluid obtained at laparotomy was determine by real‐time quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR).ResultsPositive staining for IMP‐3 was observed in 74% (71/96) of the tumors. IMP‐3 expression in gastric tumors correlated significantly with worst overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival. Multivariate analyses identified pathological N stage and IMP‐3 expression as significant independent prognostic factors for disease‐free survival. Eight (28%) of 36 peritoneal lavage samples were cytologically negative but positive for IMP‐3 mRNA expression by RT‐PCR. The OS of patients with IMP‐3‐positive peritoneal lavage was significantly worse than of those with negative expression.ConclusionsIMP‐3 expression in primary gastric tumors was an independent poor prognostic factor. IMP‐3 mRNA expression in peritoneal lavage fluid was a predictor of recurrence after surgery in gastric cancer and a marker of poor prognosis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:780–785. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improvement of peak shape in aqueous normal phase analysis of anionic metabolites
Authors: Pesek Joseph J. , Matyska Maria T. , Fischer Steven M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe problem of poor peak shape for multiply charged negative‐ion analytes under aqueous normal phase (ANP) conditions is investigated. Because less than adequate efficiency and symmetry can occur with a variety of mobile phases, gradients and additives, and to varying degrees depending on the instrument, sources other than solute/stationary phase interactions are more likely the cause. Since it is known that many of these compounds can interact strongly with metal ions, addition of a chelating agent to the mobile phase and/or the sample solvent was tested. In particular, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is a compound that forms strong complexes with most di‐and tri‐valent metal ions and can be used to verify whether trace amounts of these species are the source of the problem. In addition, the retention of a number of anionic compounds was measured at various concentrations of ammonium acetate and formate with EDTA in the mobile phase.
On boundary correspondences under quasiconformal harmonic mappings between smooth Jordan domains
Authors: Kalaj David 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA quantitative version of an inequality obtained in [8, Theorem 2.1] is given. More precisely, for normalized K quasiconformal (q.c.) harmonic mappings of the unit disk onto a Jordan domain Ω ∈ C1, μ (0 < μ ≤ 1), we give an explicit Lipschitz constant depending on the structure of Ω and on K. In addition, we give a characterization of q.c. harmonic mappings of the unit disk onto an arbitrary Jordan domain with C2, α boundary in terms of the boundary function using the Hilbert transform. Moreover, a sharp explicit quasiconformal constant is given in terms of the boundary function.
Records linkage of electronic databases for the assessment of adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Corbell Catherine , Katjitae Ishmael , Mengistu Assegid , Kalemeera Francis , Sagwa Evans , Mabirizi David , Lates Jennie , Nwokike Jude , Fuller Sherrilyne , Stergachis Andy 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTPurposeIn 2009, the Ministry of Health and Social Services in Namibia decided to conduct a confirmatory assessment of the risk of anemia associated with zidovudine (AZT)‐based highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) using records contained in three electronic databases. These records did not share a unique identifying number. The first step was to apply probabilistic record linkage methods to link records in the three databases.MethodsRecords of persons, aged 19–65 years, newly initiated on HAART between January 2007 and June 2008, were selected from a pharmacy electronic dispensing tool (EDT) and linked to an electronic medical records database (ePMS) and a laboratory database (MEDITECH). Using the paper‐based clinical record as the gold standard, we measured the sensitivity of the starting HAART regimen, that is, proportion of AZT users in the clinical record correctly identified in electronic record, and specificity of severe anemia, that is, proportion of non‐cases of severe anemia in the clinical records correctly identified in the electronic record. Kappa and intraclass correlation coefficients were used to determine reliability.ResultsA total of 12 358 records were selected from EDT. Seventy‐six percent and 58% of EDT records were linked to ePMS and MEDITECH, respectively. The sensitivity of the starting HAART regimen was 98%, whereas specificity of severe anemia was 100%. The reliability scores for variables including weight, hemoglobin, and CD4 counts were moderate to perfect and ranged from 0.59 to 0.99.ConclusionProbabilistic record linkage methods were effective for records linkage in this sub‐Saharan African setting. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Twists and turns in ubiquitin‐like protein conjugation cascades
Authors: Schulman Brenda A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPost‐translational modification by ubiquitin‐like proteins (UBLs) is a predominant eukaryotic regulatory mechanism. The vast reach of this form of regulation extends to virtually all eukaryotic processes that involve proteins. UBL modifications play critical roles in controlling the cell cycle, transcription, DNA repair, stress responses, signaling, immunity, plant growth, embryogenesis, circadian rhythms, and a plethora of other pathways. UBLs dynamically modulate target protein properties including enzymatic activity, conformation, half‐life, subcellular localization, and intermolecular interactions. Moreover, the enzymatic process of UBL ligation to proteins is itself dynamic, with the UBL moving between multiple enzyme active sites and ultimately to a target. This review highlights our work on how the dynamic conformations of selected enzymes catalyzing UBL ligation help mediate this fascinating form of protein regulation.
Dominant phonon wavevectors of the 2D Raman mode of graphene
Authors: Narula Rohit , Bonini Nicola , Marzari Nicola , Reich Stephanie 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe investigate the dominant phonon wavevectors q* and the associated dominant phonon‐assisted electronic transitions implied by the 2D Raman mode of graphene by combining ab initio calculations with a full two‐dimensional integration over the graphene Brillouin zone. We find that q* are highly anisotropic and rotate with the polarizer:analyzer condition, providing access to the entire angular extent around K. The resonant electronic transitions do not lie along the ${\bf K}- {\bf M}- {\bf K'}$ line and can be transformed from being apparently “inner” to “outer” with the addition of a reciprocal lattice vector, showing that both are equivalent. We thus invalidate the notion of “inner” and “outer” processes completely.
Site preference of magnetic atoms in Ni–Mn–Ga–M (M = Co, Fe) ferromagnetic shape memory alloys
Authors: Ayila Satish Kumar , Machavarapu Ramudu , Vummethala Seshubai 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSite preference of cobalt and iron atoms substituted in Ni–Mn–Ga alloys is examined using the compositional dependence of saturation magnetization determined at 5 K. Variations in magnetization of Ni50Mn25+xGa25−x−yMy(M = Co, Fe) alloys are systematically compared with the values computed for different possible configurations of site occupancies. The study reveals that the dopant atoms occupy the regular Mn site, rather than the vacant Ga site, with ferromagnetic exchange relative to the moments on Ni and Mn sublattices. The excess and displaced Mn atoms occupy the vacant Ga site with antiferromagnetic exchange. Site preference appears to have a correlation to the atomic volume of the elements.
Electronic structure and optical absorbance of doped amorphous silicon slabs
Authors: Ramirez Jessica J. , Kilin Dmitri S. , Micha David A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe absorption of light by doped amorphous silicon (a‐Si) slabs, in the far IR to near UV spectral range, has been calculated using molecular dynamics and density functional theory for extended systems. Our systems were modeled by supercells and with periodic boundary conditions. A series of 10‐layer, each with 6 × 4 Si atoms, a‐Si models were generated via simulated melting and quenching, followed by passivation of the top and bottom surfaces by hydrogen atoms. Our supercells were constructed with substitutional doping of Si lattice atoms, at densities of about 0.5–1.0% dopant atoms per surface unit, converting the a‐Si slabs into either p‐type (using Group III elements: B, Al, Ga) or n‐type (using Group V elements: N, P, As) systems. Results obtained include geometry conformations, density of states, electronic band gaps, and excitation spectra. They have been compared with previously obtained values for crystalline versions (c‐Si) of the systems mentioned above. We find that for both the amorphous and crystalline sets, doping reduces the bandgap from the pure silicon value, as acceptor/donor levels are introduced by defects into the Si bandgap region. This also reduces the HOMO‐LUMO energy gaps and allows for absorption at new wavelengths. Compared to pure Si, doping appears to significantly increase absorption intensity for lower‐energy radiation, as well as induce the wavelength of the absorption maximum to red‐shift. Computational investigations of this type provide fundamental insight on properties of materials pertinent to photovoltaic devices. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012
Robust synchronization of complex switched networks with parametric uncertainties and two types of delays
Authors: Wang Yan‐Wu , Bian Tao , Xiao Jiang‐Wen , Huang Yuehua 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, a complex switched network (CSN) with parametric uncertainties and two types of time‐varying delays is presented. The CSN contains switching behaviors on both its nodes and the network topology. Different from those CSNs studied in the literatures, the switching mode dominating the nodes systems is independent with that dominating the network topology. The two types of time‐varying delays are the system delay in the node and the coupling delay between nodes and they have different values. The inherent synchronization properties of the CSN were investigated not subject to any controllers, and sufficient conditions for the global robust exponential synchronizations are obtained by defining a piecewise Lyapunov–Krasovskii function. Both the case with known derivative of delays and the case with unknown or nonexistent derivative of delays are investigated. Two special cases, i.e. the network without coupling delay and the network without switching behaviors and coupling delay, are studied. Illustrated examples are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed methods. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Text split‐based steganography in OOXML format documents for covert communication
Authors: Fu Zhangjie , Sun Xingming , Liu Yuling , Li Bo 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTA new steganographic method for data hiding in Microsoft Word 2007–2010 (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA, USA) files that use Office Open XML (OOXML) format is proposed. Secret information can be imperceptibly embedded into OOXML documents by splitting up the printable text, which is defined by the main document body of the OOXML format document. The number of printable words contained in each segment represents the secret message. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that embedding bit rate of the proposed method can take the maximum value (0.8) when 2 bits of secret message are embedded into each segment. Experiments show that 0.44 bit is embedded into each word and 1/151 bit is embedded into each bit of the document on average, which is higher than contemporary linguistic steganography approaches. The method can resist “Format”, “Impersonation”, “Save As”, “Copy”, and other active attacks, and all these changes will not be shown on the MS Office screen display. Therefore, the proposed method can apply to the fields of covert communication and security protection for OOXML format documents. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly Luminescent Metal–Organic Frameworks Through Quantum Dot Doping
Authors: Buso Dario , Jasieniak Jacek , Lay Matthew D. H. , Schiavuta Piero , Scopece Paolo , Laird Jamie , Amenitsch Heinz , Hill Anita J. , Falcaro Paolo 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe incorporation of highly luminescent core–shell quantum dots (QDs) within a metal–organic framework (MOF) is achieved through a one‐pot method. Through appropriate surface functionalization, the QDs are solubilized within MOF‐5 growth media. This permits the incorporation of the QDs within the evolving framework during the reaction. The resulting QD@MOF‐5 composites are characterized using X‐ray fluorescence, cross‐sectional confocal microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and small‐angle X‐ray scattering. The synergistic combination of luminescent QDs and the controlled porosity of MOF‐5 in the QD@MOF‐5 composites is harnessed within a prototype molecular sensor that can discriminate on the basis of molecular size.
Hierarchical Nanoparticle Bragg Mirrors: Tandem and Gradient Architectures
Authors: Redel Engelbert , Huai Chen , Renner Michael , von Freymann Georg , Ozin Geoffrey A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTo manipulate electrons in semiconductor electronic and optical devices, the usual approach is through materials composition, electronic bandgap, doping, and interface engineering. More advanced strategies for handling electrons in semiconductor devices include composition‐controlled heterostructures and gradient structures. By analogy to the manipulation of electrons in semiconductor crystals by electronic bandgaps, photons in photonic crystals can be managed using photonic bandgaps. In this context, the simplest photonic crystal is the Bragg mirror, a periodic dielectric construct whose photonic bandgap is engineered through variations of the optical thickness of its constituent layers. Traditionally the materials comprising these periodic dielectric layers are nonporous, and they have mainly been used in the field of optical and photonic devices. More recently these Bragg mirrors have been made porous by building the layers from nanoparticles with functionality and utility that exploit their internal voids. These structures are emerging in the area of photonic color‐coded chemical sensing and controlled chemical release. Herein, a strategy for enhancing the functionality and potential utility of nanoparticle Bragg mirrors by making the constituent dielectric layers aperiodic and porous is described. It is exemplified by prototypical tandem and gradient structures that are fully characterized with regards to their structure, porosity, and optical and photonic properties.
Considering anger from a cognitive neuroscience perspective
Authors: Blair R. J. R. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to consider anger from a cognitive neuroscience perspective. Five main claims are made: first, reactive aggression is the ultimate behavioral expression of anger and thus we can begin to understand anger by understanding reactive aggression. Second, neural systems implicated in reactive aggression (amygdala, hypothalamus, and periaqueductal gray; the basic threat system) are critically implicated in anger. Factors such as exposure to extreme threat that increase the responsiveness of these systems, should be (and are in the context of posttraumatic stress disorder), associated with increased anger. Third, regions of frontal cortex implicated in regulating the basic threat system, when dysfunctional (e.g., in the context of lesions) should be associated with increased anger. Fourth, frustration occurs when an individual continues to do an action in the expectation of a reward but does not actually receive that reward, and is associated with anger. Individuals who show impairment in the ability to alter behavioral responding when actions no longer receive their expected rewards should be (and are in the context of psychopathy) associated with increased anger. Fifth, someone not doing what another person wants them to do (particularly if this thwarts the person's goal) is frustrating and consequently anger inducing. The response to such a frustrating social event relies on the neural architecture implicated in changing behavioral responses in nonsocial frustrating situations.WIREs Cogn Sci2012, 3:65–74. doi: 10.1002/wcs.154This article is categorized under:Psychology > Brain Function and Dysfunction