bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative Ultrasonography During Percutaneous Achilles Tendon Repair
Authors: Soubeyrand Marc , Serra-Tosio Géraldine , Campagna Raphael , Molina Véronique , Sitbon Philippe , Biau David J. 
Published: December 2010

Background: The purpose of the study was to determine whether real-time intraoperative ultrasonography improved implant positioning and stump approximation in patients with acute Achilles tendon rupture managed percutaneously. Materials and Methods: The needles were introduced percutaneously without ultrasonography and their position was checked relative to cutaneous landmarks and by palpation. Then, intraoperative ultrasonography was performed to assess needle position at the proximal tendon segment, tendon tear, and distal tendon segment. Incorrectly placed needles were removed and reinserted under real-time ultrasonographic guidance. Tendon apposition was checked ultrasonographically. Results: We included 21 patients (19 males, two females) with unilateral acute Achilles tendon rupture, in whom 42 needles (one medial and one lateral) were inserted. Correct positioning was achieved without ultrasonographic guidance for 19 (45%) needles overall, 15 of 21 (71%) medial needles, and four of 21 (19%) lateral needles. The remaining 23 needles were correctly repositioned under ultrasonographic guidance. The correct positioning rates with and without ultrasonography differed significantly for all needles ( p < 0.0001) and for lateral needles ( p < 0.0001) but not for medial needles ( p = 0.03). Intraoperative ultrasonography confirmed tendon stump approximation in all cases. Conclusion: Without imaging, 55% of needles were correctly positioned. Intraoperative ultrasonography allowed correct positioning of all needles and provided intraoperative confirmation of stump approximation. Level of Evidence: IV, Case Series
Tibiotalocalcaneal Arthrodesis With a Curved, Interlocking, Intramedullary Nail
Authors: Budnar Vijaya M. , Hepple Steve , Harries William G. , Livingstone James A. , Winson Ian 
Published: December 2010

Background: Tibiotalocalcaneal fusion with a straight rod has a risk of damaging the lateral plantar neurovascular structures and may interfere with maintaining normal heel valgus position. We report the results of a prospective study of tibiotalocalcaneal (TTC) arthrodesis with a short, anatomically curved interlocking, intramedullary nail. Material and Methods: Forty-five arthrodesis in 42 patients, performed between Jan 2003 and Oct 2008, were prospectively followed. The mean followup was 48 (range, 10 to 74) months. The main indications for the procedure were failed ankle arthrodesis with progressive subtalar arthritis, failed ankle arthroplasty and complex hindfoot deformity. The outcome was measured by a combination of pre and postoperative clinical examination, AOFAS hindfoot scores, SF-12 scores and radiological assessment. Results: Union rate was 89% (40/45). Eighty-two percent (37/45) reported improvement in pain and 73% (33/45) had improved foot function. Satisfactory hindfoot alignment was achieved in 84% (38/45). Postoperatively there was a mean improvement in the AOFAS score of 37. Complications included a below knee amputation for persistent deep infection, five nonunions, and three delayed unions. Four nails, six proximal and six distal locking screws were removed for various causes. Other complications included two perioperative fractures, four superficial wound infections and one case of lateral plantar nerve irritation. Conclusion: With a short, anatomically curved intramedullary nail, we had a high rate of tibiotalocalcaneal fusion with minimal plantar neurovascular complications. We believe a short, curved intramedullary nail, with its more lateral entry point, helped maintain hindfoot alignment. Level of Evidence: IV, Case Series
Measuring Balance and Mobility after Traumatic Brain Injury: Validation of the Community Balance and Mobility Scale (CB&M)
Authors: Inness Elizabeth L. , Howe Jo-Anne , Niechwiej-Szwedo Ewa , Jaglal Susan B. , McIlroy William E. , Verrier Molly C. 
Published: December 2010

Purpose: To further investigate the construct validity of the Community Balance and Mobility Scale (CB&M), developed for ambulatory individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods: A convenience sample of 35 patients with TBI (13 in-patients, 22 outpatients) was recruited. Analyses included a comparison of CB&M and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) admission and change scores and associations between the CB&M and measures of postural sway, gait, and dynamic stability; the Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ); and the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale.Results: Mean admission scores on the BBS and the CB&M were 53.6/56 (SD=4.3) and 57.8/96 (SD=23.3) respectively. Significant correlations were demonstrated between the CB&M and spatiotemporal measures of gait, including walking velocity, step length, step width, and step time; measures of dynamic stability, including variability in step length and step time; and the ABC (p<0.05). Significant correlations between the CB&M and CIQ were revealed with a larger data set (n=47 outpatients) combined from previous phases of research.Conclusions: In patients with TBI, the CB&M is less susceptible to a ceiling effect than the BBS. The construct validity of the CB&M was supported, demonstrating associations with laboratory measures of dynamic stability, measures of community integration, and balance confidence.
Client Education: Communicative Interaction between Physiotherapists and Clients with Subacute Low Back Pain in Private Practice
Authors: Harman Katherine , Bassett Raewyn , Fenety Anne , Hoens Alison M. 
Published: December 2010

Purpose: To explore, through focus-group interviews, client education provided by physiotherapists in private practice who treat injured workers with subacute low back pain (SA-LBP). Methods: Six focus-group interviews were held in the fall of 2006 to explore treatment practices of physiotherapists for this population. Each of the 44 physiotherapists who volunteered attended one of six regional sessions. Results: Three overarching themes emerged: the critical importance of education; education: a multidimensional concept; and the physiotherapist–client relationship. In this study, we found that education provides continuity by tying together the separate tasks occurring during one treatment session. Our participants said that time is of the essence in private practice and described how they provide education seamlessly, making this type of delivery efficient. Conclusions: Education is a highly valued aspect of practice for physiotherapists. Verbal, tactile, and visual information obtained from the client as assessment and treatment progress is explored, expanded, and contextualized in conversation with the client. In a communicative, interactive process, client fears, other contextual information, and physiotherapist information about procedures and techniques, exercises, and anatomy are collaboratively interrelated.
The Right to Health of Nomadic Groups
Authors: Marchi Paolo 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Nomadic groups have often being discriminated against in many different fields. Often states do not meet their obligation to respect, protect and fulfil nomads' human rights. This article applies a human rights perspective to nomads' difficulties in accessing health care services. The article highlights how to use international human rights instruments and standards, and even regional and national case law, in order to remind states of their obligations towards nomads. The final section is a case study focussing on the nomadic population of Turkana, Kenya.
Unravelling Mongolia's Extreme Winter Disaster of 2010
Authors: Sternberg Troy 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The 2010 extreme winter disaster (dzud) in Mongolia has lead to great livestock mortality (around 20 per cent of the national herd), the loss of pastoral livelihoods and rural displacement and affected 28 per cent of the country's population. Whilst environmental conditions were the immediate cause, contributory factors include a changing climate, current herding practices and weak governance. The severity of the event points out herding vulnerability, a lack of dzud preparedness and climate's disruptive impact on steppe pastoralism. This article examines the intertwined natural and human processes that shaped the dzud and the implications for pastoralism in Mongolia. Learning from the 2010 event is critical to reduce disaster risk and hazard impact on steppe livelihoods.
Automatic Rifles and Social Order Amongst the Daasanach of Conflict-ridden East Africa
Authors: Sagawa Toru 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
It has been reported that the proliferation of automatic rifles in East Africa has increased the seriousness of conflicts during the past thirty years in East African pastoral societies. Some researchers insist that pastoral societies have been inundated with escalating levels of violence. This violence is associated with young men who have new types of firearms that are more sophisticated and deadly than traditional weapons and that destroy social order. However, most of the analysis in these studies is subjective in that it narrowly attempts to understand this region in a techno-deterministic way. This study clarifies that the Daasanach and neighbouring groups in the border regions of Ethiopia, Kenya and the Sudan have actually controlled the extensive use of violence and maintained local order, even with the proliferation of automatic rifles, and without government assistance.
An Ecosystem Approach to HIV-1/AIDS: Local Knowledge on Contracting and Transmitting the Disease Amongst the Turkana of Lodwar Township (Kenya)
Authors: Owiti John Arianda 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
A broad theoretical framework centred on an ecosystem approach is used to investigate the local knowledge around contraction and transmission of HIV-1/AIDS amongst the Turkana of Lodwar township. According to the Turkana, there are several naturalistic factors that influence the contraction and transmission of HIV-1/AIDS. Broad categories can be identified: factors that encourage unprotected sex, those that encourage mobility and migration (associated with the pursuit of casual sexual partnerships), factors of social organization that encourage risky sex, factors related to deficient healthcare, and socioeconomic factors.
Intraocular Pressure During Corneal Flap Preparation: Comparison Among Four Femtosecond Lasers in Porcine Eyes
Authors: Vetter Jan M. , Holzer Mike P. , Teping Christian , Weingärtner Wolf E. , Gericke Adrian , Stoffelns Bernhard , Pfeiffer Norbert , Sekundo Walter 
Published: December 2010

Purpose:
To compare the course of intraocular pressure (IOP) during corneal flap preparation using four different femtosecond lasers in porcine globes.

Methods:
Forty-eight (12 in each group) enucleated globes were successfully cannulated through the optic nerve. Intraocular pressure was measured continuously through the cannula during a normal lamellar flap creation (regular procedure) using four femtosecond lasers (IntraLase, Abbott Medical Optics; VisuMax, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG; Femtec, Technolas Perfect Vision; and Femto LDV, Ziemer Ophthalmic Systems AG). In an additional measurement (worst-case procedure), the patient interface was pressed against the globe with increasing force until the applanation maneuver was automatically aborted by those devices capable of doing so.

Results:
During the regular procedure, the maximum IOP reached was 135±16 mmHg when using the Intra-Lase, 65±20 mmHg with the VisuMax, 205±32 mmHg with the Femtec, and 184±28 mmHg with the Femto LDV. During the worst-case procedure, a maximum IOP of 260±53 mmHg was reached with the IntraLase, 105±13 mmHg with the VisuMax, and 248±51 mmHg with the Femtec.

Conclusions:
There is considerable variation in IOP among the tested femtosecond lasers during a regular lamellar flap creation and during the worst-case procedure. The VisuMax femtosecond laser seems to cause the lowest IOP rise in both settings.
Comparison of Corneal Tomography Measurements Using Galilei, Orbscan II, and Placido Disk–based Topographer Systems
Authors: Karimian Farid , Feizi Sepehr , Doozandeh Azadeh , Faramarzi Amir , Yaseri Mehdi 
Published: December 2010

PURPOSE:
To evaluate agreement in keratometry readings and anterior and posterior elevation map measurements among the Galilei V4.01 (Ziemer), Orbscan IIz (Bausch & Lomb), and Corneal Map topographer (Costruzione Strumenti Oftalmici) systems.

METHODS:

This prospective comparative study comprised 184 eyes of 92 consecutive refractive surgery candidates who were simultaneously examined with the Galilei (dual Scheimpflug), Orbscan II (scanning-slit), and Corneal Map topographer (Placido disk–based) systems. Keratometry readings and anterior and posterior elevation map measurements were compared using analysis of variance and paired
t
test, respectively.

RESULTS:

Mean keratometry reading was 44.30±1.49 diopters (D), 44.11±1.47 D, and 44.60±1.56 D with the Galilei, Orbscan, and Corneal Map topographer, respectively. Despite a significant difference in mean keratometry (
P
<.001), the correlation among these three systems was strong. The maximum mean difference between two sets in simulated keratometry and astigmatism was <0.50 D. In the evaluation of anterior best-fit-sphere (BFS) and posterior BFS, the correlation between Galilei and Orbscan II was found to be 0.960 and 0.947, respectively. Maximum anterior central elevation measured by Orbscan II and Galilei was 9.2±5.1 μm and 3.2±1.8 μm, respectively. Maximum posterior central elevation by Orbscan II and Galilei was 33.8±9.3 μm and 6.8±3.8 μm, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
Despite significant differences in mean keratometry readings and anterior and posterior elevation measurements among the three systems, the keratometry readings can be used interchangeably, as this difference is not clinically significant.
From oxidation to Paf the Dog: mental images of student engineers in EFL vocabulary association and retention
Authors: Boulton Alex 
Published: December 2010

On prétend souvent que le lexique constitue un des plus grands problèmes pour l’apprenant d’une langue étrangère (L2), certainement dû en partie à l’emploi répandu de techniques inefficaces. De nombreux linguistes en didactique des langues étrangères orientent ainsi leurs recherches vers le lien entre la longévité des traces mémorielles et la force affective des images et associations mentales. Dans cet article, nous analysons différents types d’images et d’associations produites spontanément par des apprenants de l’anglais L2 sans formation dans ces techniques. Lors d’une première expérience, une liste de mots est présentée visuellement et sans ordre apparent ; les taux de rappel soulignent un certain nombre de phénomènes psychologiques. Dans une deuxième expérience, nous étudions la production et le rappel ultérieur d’associations lexicales fournies par l’apprenant. Nous en tirons certaines conclusions pour les stratégies lexicales ainsi que pour l’enseignement et l’apprentissage du vocabulaire L2.
Provision of Continuous Maturation Signaling to Dendritic Cells by RIG-I–Stimulating Cytosolic RNA Synthesis of Sendai Virus
Authors: Okano Shinji , Yonemitsu Yoshikazu , Shirabe Ken , Kakeji Yoshihiro , Maehara Yoshihiko , Harada Mamoru , Yoshikai Yasunobu , Inoue Makoto , Hasegawa Mamoru , Sueishi Katsuo 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy has potential for treating infections and malignant tumors, but the functional capacity of DC must be assessed in detail, especially maturation and Ag-specific CTL priming. Recent reports suggest that DC that are provided with continuous maturation signals in vivo after transfer into patients are required to elicit the full DC functions. We demonstrate in this study that the rSendai virus vector (SeV) is a novel and ideal stimulant, providing DC with a continuous maturation signal via viral RNA synthesis in the cytosol, resulting in full maturation of monocyte-derived DC(s). Both RIG-I–dependent cytokine production and CD4 T cell responses to SeV-derived helper Ags are indispensable for overcoming regulatory T cell suppression to prime melanoma Ag recognized by T cell-1–specific CTL in the regulatory T cell abundant setting. DC stimulated via cytokine receptors, or TLRs, do not show these functional features. Therefore, SeV-infected DC have the potential for DC-directed immunotherapy.
TNF Receptor-1 Is Required for the Formation of Splenic Compartments during Adult, but Not Embryonic Life
Authors: Milićević Novica M. , Klaperski Karola , Nohroudi Klaus , Milićević Živana , Bieber Katja , Baraniec Babett , Blessenohl Maike , Kalies Kathrin , Ware Carl F. , Westermann Jürgen 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Lymphotoxin β-receptor (LTβR) and TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1) are important for the development of secondary lymphoid organs during embryonic life. The significance of LTβR and TNFR1 for the formation of lymphoid tissue during adult life is not well understood. Immunohistochemistry, morphometry, flow cytometry, and laser microdissection were used to compare wild-type, LTβR−/−, TNFR1−/− spleens with splenic tissue that has been newly formed 8 wk after avascular implantation into adult mice. During ontogeny, LTβR is sufficient to induce formation of the marginal zone, similar-sized T and B cell zones, and a mixed T/B cell zone that completely surrounded the T cell zone. Strikingly, in adult mice, the formation of splenic compartments required both LTβR and TNFR1 expression, demonstrating that the molecular requirements for lymphoid tissue formation are different during embryonic and adult life. Thus, interfering with the TNFR1 pathway offers the possibility to selectively block the formation of ectopic lymphoid tissue and at the same time to spare secondary lymphoid organs such as spleen and lymph nodes. This opens a new perspective for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
CpG Promotes Cross-Presentation of Dead Cell-Associated Antigens by Pre-CD8α+ Dendritic Cells
Authors: de Brito Christelle , Tomkowiak Martine , Ghittoni Raffaella , Caux Christophe , Leverrier Yann , Marvel Jacqueline 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Cross-presentation of cell-associated Ags by dendritic cells (DC) plays an important role in immunity. DC in lymphoid tissues are short lived, being continuously replaced by precursors that proliferate and differentiate locally. Paradoxically, although TLR ligands promote immune responses and stimulate DC replenishment, they impair the cross-priming capacity of terminally differentiated splenic CD8α+ DC, the major subset involved in cross-priming. In this study, we have investigated the cross-presentation capacity of newly generated murine DC and especially immediate precursors of CD8α+ DC. We show that these DC do not cross-present Ag from dead cells unless stimulated by TLR ligands before Ag capture. TLR ligand CpG induced the expression of costimulatory molecules required for CD8 T cell activation but also regulated the intracellular mechanisms of cross-presentation such as Ag degradation rates without regulating Ag uptake. GM-CSF, an inflammatory cytokine associated with infections, also promoted cross-presentation acquisition by pre-CD8α+ DC and synergized with TLR9 ligand. The concept that TLR ligands as well as inflammatory cytokines promote the acquisition of cross-presenting properties by pre-CD8α+ DC has important implications during immune responses and when considering the use of these cells for vaccination.
In Situ B Cell-Mediated Immune Responses and Tubulointerstitial Inflammation in Human Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Chang Anthony , Henderson Scott G. , Brandt Daniel , Liu Ni , Guttikonda Riteesha , Hsieh Christine , Kaverina Natasha , Utset Tammy O. , Meehan Shane M. , Quigg Richard J. , Meffre Eric , Clark Marcus R. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The most prevalent severe manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus is nephritis, which is characterized by immune complex deposition, inflammation, and scarring in glomeruli and the tubulointerstitium. Numerous studies indicated that glomerulonephritis results from a systemic break in B cell tolerance, resulting in the local deposition of immune complexes containing Abs reactive with ubiquitous self-Ags. However, the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus tubulointerstitial disease is not known. In this article, we demonstrate that in more than half of a cohort of 68 lupus nephritis biopsies, the tubulointerstitial infiltrate was organized into well-circumscribed T:B cell aggregates or germinal centers (GCs) containing follicular dendritic cells. Sampling of the in situ-expressed Ig repertoire revealed that both histological patterns were associated with intrarenal B cell clonal expansion and ongoing somatic hypermutation. However, in the GC histology, the proliferating cells were CD138−CD20+ centroblasts, whereas they were CD138+CD20low/− plasmablasts in T:B aggregates. The presence of GCs or T:B aggregates was strongly associated with tubular basement membrane immune complexes. These data implicate tertiary lymphoid neogenesis in the pathogenesis of lupus tubulointerstitial inflammation.
Dragon (Repulsive Guidance Molecule b) Inhibits IL-6 Expression in Macrophages
Authors: Xia Yin , Cortez-Retamozo Virna , Niederkofler Vera , Salie Rishard , Chen Shanzhuo , Samad Tarek A. , Hong Charles C. , Arber Silvia , Vyas Jatin M. , Weissleder Ralph , Pittet Mikael J. , Lin Herbert Y. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Repulsive guidance molecule (RGM) family members RGMa, RGMb/Dragon, and RGMc/hemojuvelin were found recently to act as bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) coreceptors that enhance BMP signaling activity. Although our previous studies have shown that hemojuvelin regulates hepcidin expression and iron metabolism through the BMP pathway, the role of the BMP signaling mediated by Dragon remains largely unknown. We have shown previously that Dragon is expressed in neural cells, germ cells, and renal epithelial cells. In this study, we demonstrate that Dragon is highly expressed in macrophages. Studies with RAW264.7 and J774 macrophage cell lines reveal that Dragon negatively regulates IL-6 expression in a BMP ligand-dependent manner via the p38 MAPK and Erk1/2 pathways but not the Smad1/5/8 pathway. We also generated Dragon knockout mice and found that IL-6 is upregulated in macrophages and dendritic cells derived from whole lung tissue of these mice compared with that in respective cells derived from wild-type littermates. These results indicate that Dragon is an important negative regulator of IL-6 expression in immune cells and that Dragon-deficient mice may be a useful model for studying immune and inflammatory disorders.