bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of female CFO board membership on firm investment efficiency: does institutional gender parity matter? Evidence from emerging economies
Authors: Ali Ashiq , Khan Munir 
Published: May 2024

PurposeThis study analyzes how possessing female chief financial officers (CFOs) on boards in emerging economies impacts on firm investment efficiency and addresses overinvestment and underinvestment tendencies of firms based on this aspect. The study draws from resource-based and stakeholder theories. Additionally, it explores how institutional gender parity influences this relationship.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a two-step system generalized method of moment (GMM) estimation technique to test its hypotheses. Data span from 2010 to 2021 and cover firms in emerging economies. The approach addresses endogeneity and accounts for unobserved heterogeneity in the data.FindingsThe study’s results support the hypothesis that firms with female CFO decrease overinvestment and underinvestment tendencies, indicating improved investment efficiency. This effect is more pronounced in emerging economies with higher gender parity and support for female leadership.Practical implicationsThe study’s findings suggest fostering gender parity and female leadership in emerging economies to maximize the benefits of female CFO board membership. Policymakers should advocate for corporate governance practices and gender parity through supportive policies to advance economic outcomes and competitiveness.Originality/valueThis study advances existing literature by highlighting the positive outcomes of having female CFOs on boards in emerging economies. It emphasizes gender diversity’s importance in leadership and advocates for inclusive institutional frameworks.
The determinants of Takaful insurance financial stability: the moderating role of Shari’ah Supervisory Board
Authors: BenSaid Yosra Ridha , Quttainah Majdi Anwar 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine how the board of directors effectiveness (BODE), financial determinants, Takaful-specific determinants and the Takaful firms’ financial stability are related to the Shari’ah Supervisory Board’s quality (SCQ).

Design/methodology/approach
Using hierarchical regression analysis, the authors examine the determinants of financial stability of Takaful insurance and the authors test the moderator role of SCQ over 2016–2022 on a sample of 19 listed Takaful firms in 10 countries in the Middle East and South Asia region.

Findings
The findings reveal that SCQ negatively moderates the positive relationship between BODE, the Takaful model, diversification strategy, solvency, liquidity and Takaful financial stability. Shari’ah governance plays a crucial role in improving the financial soundness and the Shari’ah compliance of Takaful insurance.

Research limitations/implications
This paper includes two main limitations. The results are restricted to the Middle East region and South Asia and may not be generalized to other areas. The study presents data from only 19 Takaful firms.

Practical implications
This kind of investigation is of immense relevance to enhance the understanding of governance and soundness of Takaful companies. Furthermore, it serves as a guide to the recruitment of Shari’ah board members, the choice of Takaful model and appropriate strategy to increase its financial stability.

Originality/value
This research studies the financial stability of Takaful insurance and the moderating role of SCQ, unlike the majority of other works that focus on financial performance.
Quality education through teacher-student relationships: implementing social-emotional learning in teacher development
Authors: Lapidot-Lefler Noam , Israeli Roni 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
Recently, the pace of pedagogical change in the field of social-emotional learning (SEL) has increased worldwide; hence, there is a greater need to understand and promote social-emotional elements in education systems. The purpose of this study was to explore the implementation of SEL content and practices in the curricula of teacher-education courses while being mindful of the principles underlying teacher–student relationships.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a qualitative methodology, data were collected from 55 students enrolled in three courses taught at a college in Israel. The participants wrote reflections on their SEL experiences, which were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Findings
The students’ responses revealed various practices and themes that significantly affected their personal and professional development, among them, the relationships in the classroom, both among the preservice students themselves and between them and the teaching staff. The participants also noted that the SEL components of the course influenced the quality of learning and the development of a professional identity that is actively attuned to elements of SEL.

Research limitations/implications
By introducing SEL early in the preservice stage, preservice teachers learn to create safe and supportive environments for their future students, thus improving students’ academic achievements, behavior and well-being.

Originality/value
The study underscores the importance of embedding SEL in the teacher-education curricula and its influence on both preservice teachers’ learning experience and the formulation of their image as future teachers while highlighting the significant role of teacher–student relationships in promoting healthy personal and professional development.
The evolution of sustainable building rating tools: a systematic literature review
Authors: Zeng Qinghao , Pishdad Pardis 
Published: May 2024

PurposeThis research aims to analyze the evolution of sustainable building rating tools in the United States of America over approximately 30 years. It analyzes the shift from addressing purely environmental concerns to embracing a holistic approach that includes economic and social considerations.Design/methodology/approachBy conducting a comprehensive literature review and analysis, this research systematically examines the differences among sustainable building rating tools (SBRTs). It establishes a decision-making support framework for stakeholders based on existing literature, standards and emerging trends.FindingsExpected findings include insights into the evolution and distinctions among SBRTs. The research is expected to reveal the progression of SBRTs from purely focusing on environmental dimensions to exploring a broader scope that includes economic and social dimensions. The decision-making support framework and forward-looking perspective aim to guide stakeholders in tool selection and offer insights for future developments.Research limitations/implicationsThe focus of this research primarily centers on SBRTs, which originated in the United States of America, thereby excluding famous global tools such as BREEAM and CASBEE. Therefore, the research outcomes are particularly appropriate to the context of the United States of America. In addition, specific indicators within the general indicators system are not entirely independent of each other, leading to interrelationships between different indicators during the evaluation process. Moreover, in terms of data availability, the early versions of various SBRTs suffered from information gaps, potentially introducing ambiguity in the description of specific indicators, which could influence the weighting results.Originality/valueThis research contributes original perspectives by offering a nuanced understanding of the dynamic nature of sustainable building practices. The decision-making support framework adds practical value, assisting stakeholders in selecting diverse certification options. It also contributes to the original body of knowledge by providing insights for future developments in sustainable building practices and certifications.
Guidelines for estimating occupancy from autocorrelated camera trap detections
Authors: Goldstein Benjamin R. , Jensen Alex J. , Kays Roland , Cove Michael V. , McShea William J. , Rooney Brigit , Kierepka Elizabeth M. , Pacifici Krishna 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Site occupancy models (SOMs) are a common tool for studying the spatial ecology of wildlife. When observational data are collected using passive monitoring field methods, including camera traps or autonomous recorders, detections of animals may be temporally autocorrelated, leading to biased estimates and incorrectly quantified uncertainty. We presently lack clear guidance for understanding and mitigating the consequences of temporal autocorrelation when estimating occupancy models with camera trap data.

We use simulations to explore when and how autocorrelation gives rise to biased or overconfident estimates of occupancy. We explore the impact of sampling design and biological conditions on model performance in the presence of autocorrelation, investigate the usefulness of several techniques for identifying and mitigating bias and compare performance of the SOM to a model that explicitly estimates autocorrelation. We also conduct a case study using detections of 22 North American mammals.

We show that a join count goodness‐of‐fit test previously proposed for identifying clustered detections is effective for detecting autocorrelation across a range of conditions. We find that strong bias occurs in the estimated occupancy intercept when survey durations are short and detection rates are low. We provide a reference table for assessing the degree of bias to be expected under all conditions. We further find that discretizing data with larger windows decreases the magnitude of bias introduced by autocorrelation. In our case study, we find that detections of most species are autocorrelated and demonstrate how larger detection windows might mitigate the resulting bias.

Our findings suggest that autocorrelation is likely widespread in camera trap data and that many previous studies of occupancy based on camera trap data may have systematically underestimated occupancy probabilities. Moving forward, we recommend that ecologists estimating occupancy from camera trap data use the join count goodness‐of‐fit test to determine whether autocorrelation is present in their data. If it is, SOMs should use large detection windows to mitigate bias and more accurately quantify uncertainty in occupancy model parameters. Ecologists should not use gaps between detection periods, which are ineffective at mitigating temporal structure in data and discard useful data.
High‐sensitivity troponin T for detection of culprit lesions in patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Lundin Andreas , Svensson Carl Johan , Hansson Victor Utas , Thorsson Martin , Oras Jonatan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients with an out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) often undergo coronary angiography, although a culprit lesion is found in only 30%–40% of patients. The aim of this study was to investigate high‐sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT) levels in post cardiac arrest patients with and without coronary culprit lesions; factors affecting hsTnT levels after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC); and the diagnostic ability of hsTnT in identifying patients with culprit lesions. We hypothesized that peak hsTnT levels were higher during the initial 48 h after cardiac arrest in patients with a coronary culprit lesion.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study, which included patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit after an OHCA and who received a coronary angiography. Peak values and dynamic changes in hsTnT were analyzed in relation to the presence of a culprit lesion at coronary angiography.ResultsA total of 238 patients were studied, of whom 140 had a culprit lesion. HsTnT levels during the initial 48 h were higher in patients with culprit lesions, longer time to ROSC and an unwitnessed cardiac arrest. At 6 to 12 h after ROSC, a hsTnT cut‐off level of 1690 ng/L had a sensitivity of 64% and specificity of 84% to identify a culprit lesion. In patients without ST‐elevations, hsTnT measured between 6 and 12 h after ROSC had a specificity above 90%, with a sensitivity of 46%.ConclusionHsTnT levels after cardiac arrest are higher in patients with coronary culprit lesions. Presence of a culprit lesion, witnessed status and the duration of CPR are important factors affecting hsTnT levels. Repeated measurement of hsTnT within the first 12 h after admission improved diagnostic accuracy but the value of hsTnT as a predictor of culprit lesions early after OHCA is limited.
The newborn individualised developmental care and assessment program: A model of care for infants and families in hospital settings
Authors: Vittner Dorothy , Butler Samantha , Lawhon gretchen , Buehler Deborah 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimThe Newborn Individualised Developmental Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP) is an intervention and education programme that uses developmental observation for multidisciplinary healthcare professionals (HCP) caring for high‐risk infants and families. Infants prosper with the ongoing co‐regulation process of infant and family that is influenced by the physical and social environment.MethodsThe Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) Guidelines were applied to the NIDCAP intervention. The estimation of the individual infant's current goals is described from direct observation of behaviour in the context of ongoing care delivery. The infant's behaviour guides all caregivers to articulate current strengths and functioning for the development of individualised plans of care and support. The NIDCAP Nursery Program supports the full integration of NIDCAP into the healthcare system.ResultsNIDCAP is a system‐based, process‐oriented, attuned and responsive intervention for individualised developmental care for infants and families. Evidence shows NIDCAP significantly improves medical outcomes, with less time on the ventilator, improved weight gain, decreased length of stay, improved developmental outcomes and enhanced infant and family relationships. Evidence suggests that NIDCAP as an intervention improves parental competence, decreases stress for HCP teams and improves HCP satisfaction.ConclusionNIDCAP improves outcomes for infants and families requiring hospital care.
Early‐life family and school impacts on adolescent conduct problems: A path analysis
Authors: Wong Rosa S. , Lam Almen L. N. , Tung Keith T. S. , Rao Nirmala , Xie Sarika S. Y. , Yam Jason C. , Ip Patrick 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLimited research has been conducted to examine the factors during early childhood that may contribute to conduct problems in later stages of life. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between family and school environments during early childhood and conduct problems in adolescence. In Wave 1 (W1), the study recruited 502 participants, aged 5–6 years, from Hong Kong local kindergartens, with 51.4% boys. One of their parents provided information about family socioeconomic status (SES), parent–child recreational activities, and child screen time, whereas the class teacher rated their school readiness using the Chinese version of the Early Development Instrument. Data on the number of special facilities were obtained from the kindergartens. In Wave 2 (W2), the same parents of 395 participants were asked about their involvement in their children's education. Finally, in Wave 3 (W3), the parents of 206 participants completed the Conduct Problem scale of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire to evaluate the level of conduct problems in the participants. The results of the path analysis revealed that higher W1 family SES was associated with fewer W3 conduct problems through an increase in W1 and W2 parental involvement in children's learning and play activities. Findings have implications for understanding the impact of early‐life family and school environments on adolescent conduct problems. Early childhood interventions that promote family resources and positive parent–child interactions have the potential to reduce adolescent conduct problems.
Towards understanding and improving medication safety for patients with mental illness in primary care: A multimethod study
Authors: Ayre Matthew J. , Lewis Penny J. , Phipps Denham L. , Morgan Kathy M. , Keers Richard N. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionMedication safety incidents have been identified as an important target to improve patient safety in mental healthcare. Despite this, the causes of preventable medication safety incidents affecting patients with mental illness have historically been poorly understood, with research now addressing this knowledge gap through a healthcare professional lens. However, patients and carers can also provide complimentary insight into safety issues, and as key stakeholders in healthcare, it is vital to consider their needs when designing effective interventions.MethodsA two‐stage approach was adopted by (i) conducting three focus groups (FG) comprising 13 patients with mental illness and their carers to develop a holistic picture of medication safety in primary care with extraction of themes guided by the P‐MEDS framework; (ii) conducting two separate nominal group consensus workshops with seven patients with mental illness/carers and seven healthcare professionals to identify priority areas for targeted interventions.ResultsSeven themes were identified in the FGs: communication; trust, involvement and respect; continuity and support; access; the healthcare professional; the patient and carer; and the organisation. Priority areas identified for intervention by key stakeholders included improving communication within and between clinical services, enhancing patient support with holistic continuity of care, maximising shared decision‐making and empowerment, ensuring timely access to medicines and services, strengthening healthcare professional knowledge regarding mental illnesses and associated medications, and increasing patient dignity and respect.ConclusionThis study has developed a holistic picture of contributors to medication safety incidents affecting patients with mental illness in primary care. This theory was then used by key stakeholders to inform and generate priority recommendations for targeted interventions. These findings can be used to inform future intervention research, as they consider the needs of those who access or work within primary care services.Patient or Public ContributionAn advisory group consisting of three expert patients with lived experience of mental illness was consulted on the design of both stages of this study. Patients with mental illness and/or their carers were recruited and participated in both stages of this study. Patients/carers aided with data analysis and interpretation during the patient/carer nominal group consensus workshop.
The influence of context on diagnostic reasoning: A narrative synthesis of experimental findings
Authors: Schmidt Henk G. , Norman Geoffrey R. , Mamede Silvia , Magzoub Mohi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAims and ObjectivesContextual information which is implicitly available to physicians during clinical encounters has been shown to influence diagnostic reasoning. To better understand the psychological mechanisms underlying the influence of context on diagnostic accuracy, we conducted a review of experimental research on this topic.MethodWe searched Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus for relevant articles and looked for additional records by reading the references and approaching experts. We limited the review to true experiments involving physicians in which the outcome variable was the accuracy of the diagnosis.ResultsThe 43 studies reviewed examined two categories of contextual variables: (a) case‐intrinsic contextual information and (b) case‐extrinsic contextual information. Case‐intrinsic information includes implicit misleading diagnostic suggestions in the disease history of the patient, or emotional volatility of the patient. Case‐extrinsic or situational information includes a similar (but different) case seen previously, perceived case difficulty, or external digital diagnostic support. Time pressure and interruptions are other extrinsic influences that may affect the accuracy of a diagnosis but have produced conflicting findings.ConclusionWe propose two tentative hypotheses explaining the role of context in diagnostic accuracy. According to the negative‐affect hypothesis, diagnostic errors emerge when the physician's attention shifts from the relevant clinical findings to the (irrelevant) source of negative affect (for instance patient aggression) raised in a clinical encounter. The early‐diagnosis‐primacy hypothesis attributes errors to the extraordinary influence of the initial hypothesis that comes to the physician's mind on the subsequent collecting and interpretation of case information. Future research should test these mechanisms explicitly. Possible alternative mechanisms such as premature closure or increased production of (irrelevant) rival diagnoses in response to context deserve further scrutiny. Implications for medical education and practice are discussed.
Diatom species responses along gradients of dissolved inorganic carbon, total phosphorus, and lake depth from lakes across Canada
Authors: Griffiths Katherine , Duda Matthew P. , Antoniades Dermot , Smol John P. , Gregory‐Eaves Irene 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDiatoms are key components of freshwater ecosystems and are regularly used for paleolimnological reconstructions, in which defining species optima and tolerances is fundamental for interpreting assemblage shifts in a sediment record. Here, we examined responses of diatoms across three major environmental gradients—dissolved inorganic carbon (range: 0.1–230.5 mg · L−1), total phosphorus (range: 3–326 μg · L−1), and maximum lake depth (range: 0.9–55.0 m)—taken from 158 lakes from across Canada. The lakes were sampled as part of the LakePulse Network, which conducted a standardized sampling of lakes spanning 12 Canadian ecozones. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to model the species responses of 37 common taxa, and species optima and tolerances were calculated with weighted average modeling. The most common response detected was the symmetrical unimodal model, suggesting we likely captured the full environmental ranges for many species, although skewed unimodal responses were also common. Indicator species analyses identified taxa with high predictive values and fidelities to particular ecozones, with high‐nutrient‐adapted taxa such as Stephanodiscus spp. and Cyclotella meneghiniana characteristic of the agriculturally productive Prairie region. The Prairies stood out in the dataset as the region with the most unique flora from the local contribution to beta diversity analysis. Overall, the autecological data provided by our study will allow for improved interpretations of paleolimnological records and other biomonitoring efforts, addressing management concerns and contributing to a better understanding of our changing environment.